PMID- 3864221
TI  - Non-pharmacological management of hypertension. Proceedings of the XVIIth
      scientific meeting of the Danish Society of Hypertension. Copenhagen, 16 November
      1984.

PMID- 3864220
TI  - Galvanic currents between dental alloys in vitro.
AB  - The galvanic current densities between gold, amalgam and cobalt-chromium, three
      different classes of dental alloys, were determined in vitro in artificial saliva
      kept at 35 degrees C. The maximum current density of 200 microA/dm2 was obtained
      between the conventional amalgam and a type III gold alloy. Galvanic currents of
      lesser magnitude could also be measured between amalgams high in copper and the
      other alloys. No measurable current densities were obtained between gold alloys
      and between gold and cobalt-chromium alloy with the exception of a casting and a
      solder gold alloy commonly used in combination.

PMID- 3864222
TI  - Relative importance of sodium and energy restriction for the hemodynamic
      adaptation in obesity hypertension.

PMID- 3864223
TI  - Salt restriction in the treatment of hypertension.
AB  - Moderate salt restriction lowers blood pressure in many patients with essential
      hypertension. The effectiveness of the salt restriction in lowering blood
      pressure appears to be directly related to the severity of the blood pressure and
      suppression of the renin-angiotensin system. Patients with more severe
      hypertension, older patients or black patients will respond best. Salt
      restriction is additive to the effect of blood pressure lowering drugs
      particularly those that block the renin-angiotensin system such as beta-blockers
      and converting enzyme inhibitors. All patients with high blood pressure and,
      particularly those already on drug treatment, should be instructed on how to cut
      back their salt intake moderately. Most patients find it easy to reduce salt
      intake to around half of their present consumption.

PMID- 3864224
TI  - Haemodynamics in young normotensive men with familial predisposition to
      hypertension. Studies on normal and increased salt intake.
AB  - Central and peripheral haemodynamics were studied noninvasively
      (echocardiography, plethysmography) in normotensive young men (mean age 30 years)
      with (n = 17) (H), and without (n = 15) (C) a positive history of hypertension
      during normal salt intake and after four weeks of ordinary diet plus 12 g NaCl
      daily. No changes in blood pressure were noted during the course of the study in
      either group. After three days of high salt an increased cardiac output and
      decreased total peripheral resistance was seen in H but not in C. The former
      might be due to a salt induced volume load occurring in a less distensible venous
      system. The difference in response disappeared during the course of the study.
      Both on normal and high salt intake resting resistance and resting vascular tone
      were significantly higher in H reflecting an increased contractile state of the
      smooth muscles of the resistance vessels. The increased smooth muscle tone of the
      resistance vessels and the less distensible venous system in these young men with
      family history of hypertension might be a genetically determined basis for a
      future increase in blood pressure.

PMID- 3864225
TI  - Salt sensitivity in normotensives with and salt resistance in normotensives
      without heredity of hypertension.
AB  - We have studied blood pressure responses to moderate sodium restriction from 200
      to 50 mmol/day over 2 weeks in 62 normotensive subjects with and without a family
      history of hypertension by continuous automatic blood pressure recording. Based
      on the average of the blood pressure of 1 hour continuous monitoring under basal
      conditions, we have been able to demonstrate a significant fall of blood pressure
      in 28 young subjects with a heredity of hypertension after moderate sodium
      restriction from 200 to 50 mmol over 2 weeks (fall in systolic blood pressure 5.4
      +/- 1.1, diastolic 2.5 +/- 0.8, mean blood pressure 2.9 +/- 0.7 mmHg, mean +/-
      SEM), whereas blood pressure remained unchanged in a group of 34 subjects without
      heredity of hypertension after moderate sodium restriction (change in systolic
      blood pressure -1.0 +/- 0.6, diastolic blood pressure -0.6 +/- 0.7 and mean blood
      pressure -0.93 +/- 0.67 mmHg). 29 of the subjects were studied a third time 2
      weeks after having returned to their usual high sodium diet and in those in whom
      a blood pressure fall was observed during sodium restriction it returned to pre
      intervention values. This demonstrates that normotensives with a heredity of
      hypertension are salt sensitive and adds further evidence that a high sodium
      intake may be of critical importance for the initiation of essential
      hypertension.

PMID- 3864226
TI  - Effects of physical training on blood pressure in hypertension.

PMID- 3864227
TI  - Role of dietary fat in blood pressure control.
AB  - Three controlled intervention studies were carried out in North Karelia to study
      the possible role of dietary fat in the control of human blood pressure. All
      studies included middle-aged free-living couples (families) and a baseline (BS, 2
      weeks), an intervention (IN, 6-12 weeks) and a switch-back (SB, 4-6 weeks)
      period. During IN the families were instructed to eat low fat (less than 25 en%
      instead of 39 en%), high P/S ratio diet (0.4-1.1 instead of 0.2). Salt and energy
      intake and other lifestyles were kept constant. In the first study the P/S ratio
      of the IN diet was 1.1. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased
      significantly during IN and increased back again during SB. The same results were
      obtained in the second study at P/S level 0.9 when a randomized group with 60%
      salt reduction and a control had little change in their blood pressure levels. In
      the third study the blood pressure reduction was again repeated during a 12 week
      IN period. The reduction was similar in two randomized groups with P/S 0.4 and
      0.9, when both group had less than 25 en% of total fat. The results strongly
      support the hypothesis that dietary fat is related to human blood pressure, and
      that modification of dietary fat should be considered in the non-pharmacological
      prevention and management of hypertension.

PMID- 3864228
TI  - Blood pressure lowering effect of weight reduction.

PMID- 3864229
TI  - Treatment of hypertension with relaxation and biofeedback.

PMID- 3864230
TI  - Alcohol and hypertension, epidemiological relationship.

PMID- 3864231
TI  - Cytochemical, immunological and ANAE-isoenzyme studies in acute myelomonocytic
      leukaemia: a study of 39 cases.
AB  - This study reports the cytochemical, electrophoretic and immunological
      characteristics of blasts cells from 39 cases of acute myelomonocytic leukaemia
      (M4). The results indicate considerable cytochemical heterogeneity, particularly
      with respect to esterase (alpha naphthyl acetate and chloroacetate) activities
      and suggest that an increased serum lysozyme concentration is a more consistent
      feature. Investigations with a range of monoclonal antibodies also revealed some
      differences in expression of monocyte-associated determinants although it is
      considered that immunological assessments are more consistent than cytochemistry
      in the detection of monocytic blast cell components. Analysis of ANAE isoenzymes
      by isoelectric focusing was found to be of particular value in cases where
      interpretation of ANAE cytochemistry was difficult.

PMID- 3864232
TI  - Speed of relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
AB  - 16 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) who relapsed on maintenance
      treatment between September 1978 and December 1981 were studied. Their previous
      bone marrow aspirates were reviewed to determine the first evidence for marrow
      relapse and the subsequent rate of evolution of the disease. 60% of children had
      bone marrow evidence of unsuspected relapse at 8 wk, and 40% had evidence at 12
      wk before clinical or peripheral blood relapse occurred. Early detection of
      relapse will prevent continued use of ineffective maintenance chemotherapy and
      may also reduce morbidity during subsequent induction therapy. Regular 8-weekly
      marrow aspirates are therefore recommended during first remission of ALL in
      children with a histocompatible sibling who would be eligible for bone marrow
      transplantation in second remission.

PMID- 3864233
TI  - Hypercalcaemia in the accelerated phase of chronic myelogenous leukaemia: no
      relationship to the phenotype of the blast cells.
AB  - 2 patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia developed hypercalcaemia and severe
      myelofibrosis in the terminal phases of their disease. Hormonal studies excluded
      the hypercalcaemia being caused by primary hyperparathyroidism or ectopic
      parathyroid hormone secretion. Its development was unrelated to the phenotype of
      the blast cells, as assessed by conventional cytochemistry and immunological
      surface typing. The finding of increased urinary cAMP excretion in 1 of the
      patients suggests a circulating, nonparathyroid humoral bone resorbing factor
      with partial biological PTH-activity to be one of the pathogenetic mechanisms
      responsible for the occurrence of hypercalcaemia in patients with chronic
      myelogenous leukaemia.

PMID- 3864234
TI  - Phenotypic conversion of TdT+ adult AML to CALLA+ ALL.
AB  - A case of acute leukaemia is described in which the blast cells showed Sudan
      Black and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) positivity at presentation
      and did not react with the monoclonal antibodies (McAb) My9 (anti-myeloid) and J5
      (anti-CALL antigen). The myeloid lineage of these cells was confirmed by the
      myeloperoxidase (MPO) reaction at electron microscopic level. The patient entered
      complete remission but relapsed one year later with blasts showing negative Sudan
      Black and MPO reactions. These cells were still TdT+ but J5 was now positive.
      This case points to the existence of a clonogenic leukaemic cell with potential
      for evolution in both myeloid and lymphoid lineages. This is also suggested by
      the reactivity of both types of blast cells with the McAb 3C5 which recognises an
      antigen present both on early myeloid and lymphoid precursors. It is possible
      that patients with such leukaemias may benefit from combined therapy directed
      against cells of both myeloid and lymphoid lineages.

PMID- 3864235
TI  - [Foreign substances as indicators of liver function].
AB  - The need to use xenobiotics to quantify liver function is based on the fact that
      the serum levels of endogenous tracers (such as transaminases, alkaline
      phosphatase, bilirubin and bile acids) cannot be interpreted in pharmacokinetic
      terms, since information is lacking on volume of distribution and on rate of
      synthesis and of disposition. Methods are now available which allow practically
      non-invasive estimation of (minimal) hepatic perfusion by indocyanine green
      fractional clearance, of portosystemic shunt flow by finger pulse photometry
      following nitroglycerin administration, of microsomal capacity by the aminopyrine
      breath test (ABT) or caffeine clearance, and of cytosolic function by galactose
      elimination capacity (GEC). Assessment of inherited hydroxylation deficiency of
      the debrisoquine type is best performed with dextromethorphan, and of the
      acetylator phenotype with sulfadimidine. Recently, caffeine clearance in saliva
      has been studied extensively in this laboratory, and, on the basis of a constant
      relationship between caffeine concentrations in serum and saliva, overnight
      clearance measurements (requiring a saliva sample at bedtime and upon arising
      following a single oral dose of caffeine) have been shown to be closely related
      to ABT or GEC. This approach, which has been successfully used in children, may
      represent the first simple and innocuous test for quantifying of hepatic function
      in the pediatric age group. The clinical utility of these clearance tests is to
      assess severity of disease (or genetically determined impairment of function),
      thus yielding important clues to prognosis.

PMID- 3864236
TI  - [Importance of drug-induced ulceration in endoscopic lesions of the esophagus].
AB  - Drug-induced ulcers of the oesophagus represent a rare but probably under
      recorded complication. In a series of 5900 endoscopies performed in 32 months,
      oesophageal ulcers were seen in 4 cases following the intake of doxycycline, and
      in one case after ingestion of pinaverium bromide and a bulk laxative
      respectively. Oesophageal ulcers were seen mainly in young patients without
      underlying oesophageal disease, presenting with chest pain and odynophagia. The
      most common site of involvement was at the aortic notch in the middle third of
      the oesophagus. The course was quickly favorable within 5-10 days after the drug
      was discontinued, but transient complete abstention from oral intake was required
      in some cases. Ulceration is thought to be secondary to drug stasis and local
      cytotoxic effects. Oesophageal ulcers can be prevented simply by recommending
      intake of the drug with sufficient water in the upright position at least two
      hours before retiring.

PMID- 3864237
TI  - [Esophageal carcinoma: surgery using transhiatal esophagectomy without
      thoracotomy].
AB  - During the period between 1982 and 1984, 25 patients with carcinoma of the
      esophagus underwent esophageal resection by the technique of blunt transhiatal
      esophagectomy without thoracotomy. The esophagus was replaced with stomach. The
      indications for blunt dissection of the esophagus are discussed and the operative
      technique is described. There was no postoperative mortality. Complications
      included pulmonary complications (19), anastomotic leak (9), left vocal cord
      paralysis (5) and stenosis of the cervical anastomosis (7). Postoperative
      hospitalization averaged 18 days. Following discharge from hospital patients are
      seen in follow-ups at 3-month intervals for 1 year, then at 6-month intervals.
      Quality of life is good. In the majority of patients with esophageal carcinoma,
      the goal of esophagectomy is palliation, not cure. Therefore, long-term prognosis
      of esophageal carcinoma is poor. Actual survival among the patients is 49% at 12
      months, and mean survival 10.2 months. Transhiatal esophagectomy without
      thoracotomy is a safe procedure and far better tolerated by elderly and
      debilitated patients than a combined transthoracic and abdominal operation. We
      believe that this procedure is the treatment of choice for esophageal carcinoma
      at all levels.

PMID- 3864238
TI  - [3 systems of dentin anchorage using a comparative study].

PMID- 3864240
TI  - [The development of crowding of the lower incisors in relation to changes in the
      dental arch and the facial bones in individuals with good occlusion from puberty
      to adulthood].

PMID- 3864239
TI  - [New conceptual aspects in the diagnosis of fibro-osseous lesions of jaw and
      facial bone--II. Growth disorders, dysplasia and reparative-regenerative
      processes].

PMID- 3864241
TI  - [Solitary osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle--a case report].

PMID- 3864242
TI  - Caries prevalence in children after 12 years of salt fluoridation in a canton of
      Switzerland.

PMID- 3864243
TI  - Obstetrical risk assessment: a retrospective study.

PMID- 3864244
TI  - Analgesic associated nephropathy (AAN): case report and review of the literature.

PMID- 3864245
TI  - An important complication of anticoagulation therapy: a case presentation.

PMID- 3864246
TI  - Retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer into human hematopoietic progenitor
      cells.
AB  - The transfer of the human gene for hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT)
      into human bone marrow cells was accomplished by use of a retroviral vector. The
      cells were infected in vitro with a replication-incompetent murine retroviral
      vector that carried and expressed a mutant HPRT complementary DNA. The infected
      cells were superinfected with a helper virus and maintained in long-term culture.
      The production of progeny HPRT virus by the bone marrow cells was demonstrated
      with a colony formation assay on cultured HPRT-deficient, ouabain-resistant
      murine fibroblasts. Hematopoietic progenitor cells able to form colonies of
      granulocytes or macrophages (or both) in semisolid medium in the presence of
      colony stimulating factor were present in the nonadherent cell population. Colony
      forming units cloned in agar and subsequently cultured in liquid medium produced
      progeny HPRT virus, indicating infection of this class of hematopoietic
      progenitor cell.

PMID- 3864247
TI  - [The occlusal surface of the deciduous maxillary 1st molars].

PMID- 3864248
TI  - [The effect of environment on shade matching procedures. Effect of background and
      light].

PMID- 3864249
TI  - [A case of cemento-ossifying fibroma].

PMID- 3864250
TI  - Case report 331: Small cell osteosarcoma of the tibia with diffuse metastatic
      disease.

PMID- 3864252
TI  - Ethics in the '80s.

PMID- 3864251
TI  - Dental ethics: where science and sensitivity touch.

PMID- 3864253
TI  - Lesch-Nyhan syndrome: a nonextracting approach to prevent mutilation.

PMID- 3864254
TI  - Mandibular osteomyelitis secondary to infarcts associated with sickle cell
      anemia.

PMID- 3864255
TI  - Oral candidiasis in the elderly.

PMID- 3864256
TI  - Saving a dental residency: a joint commitment.

PMID- 3864257
TI  - Variation in dental state in elderly in Gothenburg.

PMID- 3864258
TI  - Influence of treatment with osseointegrated mandibular bridges on the clinical
      deformation of maxillary complete dentures.

PMID- 3864259
TI  - Functional aspects of prosthetic rehabilitation on osseointegrated implants.

PMID- 3864260
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of patients treated with bridges on osseointegrated fixtures.

PMID- 3864261
TI  - Prosthetic reconstructions for external hearing aids and facial epistheses.

PMID- 3864262
TI  - Prosthetic material properties.

PMID- 3864263
TI  - Aspects of dental casting alloys.

PMID- 3864264
TI  - Prosthetic biotechnical considerations.

PMID- 3864265
TI  - Carbon/graphite fiber reinforced polymer implant bridge prostheses.

PMID- 3864266
TI  - The interest taken by Swedish dentists in subsequent training during 1981 and
      1982.
AB  - The interest taken by the Swedish dental profession in subsequent training was
      studied by reviewing the frequency of enrollments for courses of the Swedish
      Dental Federation's programmes for 1981 and 1982. Interest was studied with
      reference to age, sex, locality of residence and form of professional activity
      and in relation to different types of courses. Results reveal that more than 70%
      of the dentists showed an active interest in subsequent training. Enrollments are
      more widespread among public dentists while the private practitioners, applying
      for more courses per individual, account for 50% of all enrollments. Interest is
      equally distributed between men and women in the profession. Dentists born before
      1926 display a lower level of interest. There are no differences between the
      other age groups in this respect.

PMID- 3864268
TI  - Hereditary amelogenesis imperfecta. I. Epidemiology and clinical classification
      in a Swedish child population.
AB  - This study was performed in order to classify different hereditary enamel defects
      and to estimate their prevalence in a Swedish population. 425,000 children 3-19
      years of age were screened in the Public Dental Service for suspected hereditary
      enamel defects in a well-defined region of Sweden. 182 of the 193 affected
      children were available for a thorough examination performed by one of the
      authors. 105 (58%) of these children could be diagnosed as Hereditary
      Amelogenesis Imperfecta (H.A.I.). 62 (34%) children exhibited enamel defects not
      related to H.A.I. and in 15 (8%) children no definite diagnosis could be made
      concerning H.A.I. The group of children diagnosed as H.A.I. could be classified
      into 12 different clinical subgroups based on two basic types, the hypoplastic
      and the hypomineralized. 63 of the 105 children showed the hypoplastic type of
      H.A.I. and 42 the hypomineralized type of H.A.I. Hypomineralized areas of the
      teeth were a common secondary finding in the hypoplastic type of H.A.I. Usually
      clinical signs of hereditary enamel defects could be identified both in the
      primary and in the permanent dentition. The prevalence of H.A.I. in the
      population studied was estimated to be 1 in 4,000.

PMID- 3864267
TI  - Cariogenicity of isomaltulose (palatinose), sucrose and mixture of these sugars
      in rats infected with Streptococcus mutans E-49.
AB  - Each of three groups of Wistar rats, 19-20 animals per group, was fed an
      experimental diet containing either (1) isomaltulose 56%, (2) sucrose 56%, or (3)
      a mixture of isomaltulose and sucrose (17.5% + 38.5%). The animals were infected
      with Streptococcus mutans E-49 and one half of the animals was kept on the diet
      for 8 weeks and the other half for 14 weeks. Only sulcal caries was found in the
      isomaltulose animals after 8 weeks and 14 weeks. the group fed sucrose had high
      numbers of carious bucco-lingual, proximal and sulcal surfaces. The group fed the
      mixture of sucrose and isomaltulose had fewer lesions than the sucrose group on
      bucco-lingual surfaces after the 8 week experiment (P less than 0.01) and fewer
      bucco-lingual and proximal surfaces (P less than 0.01) after the 14 week
      experiment.

PMID- 3864269
TI  - An oral and psychosocial examination of patients with presumed oral galvanism.
AB  - The present investigation was performed to elucidate possible etiological factors
      behind the complaints reported by 62 patients referred because of presumed oral
      galvanism. Twenty-nine patients, matched with a subsample of the test group
      regarding age and sex, comprised a control group. The patients were examined
      regarding oral medical and stomatognathic health. Their psychological and social
      health and symptoms were evaluated by means of a standardised interview and 5
      self-rating questionnaires. A complex symptomatology including symptoms from both
      the oral regions and other parts of the body constituated the most distinctive
      feature of the patients in the test group. The clinical examination as well as
      patient-perceived symptoms revealed high prevalences of parafunction and
      dysfunction in the muscles of the stomatognathic system. Furthermore, general
      complaints were mainly related to muscles of the extremities, and diseases of the
      joints and muscles were the most commonly reported disorder. The findings at the
      oral medical examination revealed no differences between the groups, except for
      signs of parafunction. Patients in the test group gave evidence of being more
      exposed to negative social events and the results clearly indicate a psychogenic
      component behind the reported complaints.

PMID- 3864270
TI  - [Mandibular wisdom tooth root complex. 2. Morphogenetic considerations].

PMID- 3864271
TI  - [Statistical information on dental care in private dental practice. 3.
      Development of patient load, use of dental treatment and its distribution].

PMID- 3864272
TI  - Transplantation of canines.

PMID- 3864273
TI  - [Gingivectomy using electrosurgery and knives].

PMID- 3864274
TI  - [Statistical information on dental care in private dental practice. 4. Marketing
      mechanism and dental care].

PMID- 3864275
TI  - [Treatment of large mandibular cysts in private dental practice].

PMID- 3864276
TI  - [Health behavior and self care: postulations and theories in health sociology].

PMID- 3864277
TI  - [Condition of the oral mucosa in 478 inhabitants in a Danish old age home].

PMID- 3864278
TI  - [Dental health among Danes 25-44 years of age].

PMID- 3864279
TI  - [Statistical information on dental care in private dental practice. 1. A basis
      for evaluation from governmental sources].

PMID- 3864280
TI  - [Dental diseases and betel chewing among Maldivian school children].

PMID- 3864281
TI  - [An evaluation of a research project using preventive dental care in young
      children in 4 communities on Fyn island].

PMID- 3864282
TI  - [Mandibular wisdom tooth root complex. 1. A macromorphological analysis].

PMID- 3864283
TI  - [Statistical information on dental care in private dental practice. 2. The result
      of decreased patient visits].

PMID- 3864285
TI  - The Newmarket pump: a new suction pump for external negative pressure
      ventilation.
AB  - A new electronically controlled pump has been developed for use with a cuirass in
      providing external negative pressure ventilation. It is smaller, lighter, and
      more versatile than currently available pumps and operates on a servo principle.
      A rotary valve between the pump and the cuirass varies the rate of extraction of
      air from the cuirass. The pressure within the cuirass is sensed by a pressure
      transducer, and the output of this is used to control the position of the rotary
      valve by means of a motor so that the pressure within the cuirass follows a
      predetermined half sine wave pattern. The respiratory rate varies from 10 to 30
      per minute and the inspiratory to expiratory time (I/E) ratio from 3:2 to 2:3.
      Inspiratory pressure varies from 0 to -50 cm H2O and an expiratory pressure of 0
      to +50 cm H2O can be imposed. The performance of the new pump was assessed in 21
      patients with nocturnal hypoxaemia who were accustomed to external negative
      pressure ventilation. The mean tidal volume achieved increased with increase in
      cuirass suction pressure, and changing the I/E ratio from 1:1 to 3:2 produced a
      small increase at a cuirass negative pressure at 20 cm water. Comparison of the
      Newmarket pump with the Cape pump in 14 patients showed that similar tidal
      volumes were achieved. Overnight monitoring of cuirass pressure in one patient
      showed more even control of peak negative pressure with the Newmarket pump than
      with the Cape pump. Ten pumps are in use in patients' homes; five have been in
      service for more than six months and no important problems have been encountered.
      The new pump seems to offer advantages that make external negative pressure
      ventilation more acceptable.

PMID- 3864284
TI  - Effect of oral high frequency ventilation by jet or oscillator on minute
      ventilation in normal subjects.
AB  - Normal subjects were asked to breathe through an open ended tube while high
      frequency oscillations were superimposed on tidal breathing via a side arm,
      either an eight inch (20 cm) loudspeaker or a jet ventilator being used. Both
      systems were comfortable and well tolerated. Spontaneous minute ventilation fell
      by 19-46% at frequencies up to 33 Hz without a rise in transcutaneous PCO2.
      Maximum ventilatory savings occurred at 1.6 Hz with the jet ventilator (p less
      than 0.01) and at a frequency corresponding to respiratory system resonance with
      the loudspeaker. This suggests that during oral high frequency ventilation
      pulmonary gas exchange is improved and leads to more efficient carbon dioxide
      excretion for a given minute ventilation. This technique provides a practical and
      simple method of supplementing breathing in conscious subjects, and it may also
      have application in the management of patients with acute or chronic respiratory
      failure, where intubation and conventional ventilation might be avoided.

PMID- 3864286
TI  - Everybody's disease: arthritis.

PMID- 3864287
TI  - [Xerostomia].

PMID- 3864288
TI  - [Clinical photography].

PMID- 3864289
TI  - HLA-typing in oral submucous fibrosis.
AB  - Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a disease of the mouth and oropharynx
      characterised by progressive deposition of collagen leading to severe limitation
      of movement of the jaw in advanced cases. It is almost completely confined to
      inhabitants of, or migrants from India who chew 'betel nut'. The
      histopathological and clinical features suggest that autoimmune mechanisms may be
      involved. Because all chronic autoimmune diseases show disturbance in the
      frequencies of HLA antigens, we have HLA typed 50 OSF patients and a similar
      number of healthy subjects of the same ethnic origin. Raised frequencies of A10
      and DR3 were observed. The results support the concept that OSF is a chronic
      autoimmune disease, initiated by constituents of betel nut, and occurring in
      genetically susceptible individuals. Genes situated in the HLA region are
      important determinants of genetic susceptibility in OSF.

PMID- 3864290
TI  - DR antigens in systemic sclerosis: lack of clinical correlations.
AB  - The information available in the literature is controversial as to the
      association between HLA-DR and systemic sclerosis (SS). We studied 44 Caucasians
      with SS and found DR1 (P = 0.025; RR = 2.4) and DR5 (P = 0.05; RR = 3.8) to be
      increased whereas DR3 was not found to be increased when compared to local
      controls. The possible influence of a DR specificity in the clinical
      manifestations of SS was also investigated but not found.

PMID- 3864291
TI  - Inhibition of 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase in rat testicular
      tissue by mercuric chloride.
AB  - Histochemical investigations of 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase
      (delta 5-3 beta OHD) activity in the testicular tissue of rats administered
      mercuric chloride (HgCl2) at dosages of 0.05 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg (i.p.) daily for
      90 days reveal a graded inhibition of delta 5-3 beta OHD activity which was
      positively related to dosage and to the duration of treatment with this compound.
      This phenomenon may be mainly responsible for the inhibition of spermatogenesis,
      observed as a toxic manifestation of mercury compounds.

PMID- 3864292
TI  - The protective potential of mouthguards.

PMID- 3864293
TI  - Dietary fluoride intake and fluoride supplementation in infants.

PMID- 3864294
TI  - The role of the dentist in civil defence.

PMID- 3864295
TI  - Veneering "mottled' anteriors without overcontouring the buccal surfaces.

PMID- 3864296
TI  - [Facial bone fractures and their accompanying injuries during growth].

PMID- 3864297
TI  - [Use of compression osteosynthesis for osteoplastic surgery in the mandible].

PMID- 3864298
TI  - Radical and physiologic method of vestibuloplasty.

PMID- 3864299
TI  - [Chromatographic determination of the residual monomer in acrylates as
      illustrated by Metapleks].

PMID- 3864300
TI  - [Comparison of the effectiveness of collective topical applications of fluoride
      solutions and water fluoridation].

PMID- 3864301
TI  - [Epidemiological and bioanalytical study of tooth crowding and its treatment. 1].

PMID- 3864303
TI  - [Methods and means of motivation for health education in dentistry].

PMID- 3864302
TI  - [Clinical and exfoliative-cytological appearance of the gingiva after use and non
      use of a toothbrush. 2: Longitudinal study of the clinically non-inflamed
      gingiva].

PMID- 3864304
TI  - [Karyotype stability of 2 continuous Chinese hamster cell lines--CHO-K1 and V
      79].
AB  - Karyotypes of two continuous Chinese hamster cell lines CHO-K1 and V-79 were
      studied by G-banding and silver staining. Modal chromosome numbers were 20 and
      21, respectively. Both the lines were characterized with a high degree of
      karyotype stability and constant ratio of normal and marker chromosomes. Nulli-
      and monosomy were recorded for 9 chromosome pairs in CHO-K1, and 8 pairs in V-79
      cell lines. Modal numbers of Ag-positive NOR were 4 in CHO-K1 and 5 in V-79. A
      definition of the origin of the majority of marker chromosomes in both the lines
      (11 and 10, respectively) made it possible to establish the exact chromosome
      content of each cell and to determine the generalized reconstructed karyotypes of
      cell lines. We established the retention of diploid chromosome set of all the
      autosomes, the true monosomy for one X-chromosome in both the lines, and the
      constant extracopying of a short arm of chromosome 3 in the V-79 cell line.

PMID- 3864305
TI  - Adriamycin and epirubicin treatment monitored by radionuclide ejection fraction
      during therapy and follow-up.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with advanced breast cancer were studied with serial
      determinations of the radionuclide ejection fraction at rest (RST-LVEF) during
      anthracycline chemotherapy (CT) and with a mean follow-up (FU) of 8 months. We
      had 2 cases of anthracycline congestive heart failure (CHF) during FU, 3 and 12
      months respectively after the end of CT. The RST-LVEF changes observed during CT
      were not able to predict which patients were to develop a symptomatic
      cardiomyopathy. The type of RST-LVEF change that is generally considered a
      worsening of cardiac performance is a decline greater than or equal to 15%. We
      had this type of RST-LVEF change, in addition to the 2 CHF, in 5 other patients
      without symptomatic cardiomyopathy. Nevertheless none of these 5 patients
      attained pathological values of RST-LVEF, while the 2 CHF showed symptomatic
      cardiomyopathy only when RST-LVEF became clearly pathologic (less than or equal
      to 46%). Therefore, although in our study the RST-LVEF changes during CT did not
      have predictive value for CHF, the method may give a notable clinical
      contribution all the same. In fact, by submitting the patients with a RST-LVEF
      fall greater than or equal to 15% to frequent sequential RST-LVEF determinations
      and stopping the CT if the RST-LVEF becomes pathologic it is possible to avoid
      severe and irreversible CHF.

PMID- 3864306
TI  - Human osteogenic sarcoma: fine structural localization of alkaline phosphatase.
AB  - The localization of alkaline phosphatase in eight osteogenic sarcomas of
      osteoblastic. chondroblastic, and fibroblastic type was investigated at the fine
      structural level using beta-glycerophosphate as substrate and lead as capturing
      ion. Final product marking localization of alkaline phosphatase was deposited
      over plasma membranes and associated subplasmalemmal vesicles and vacuoles in
      various types of osteoblastlike, chondroblastlike, and fibroblastlike cells as
      well as certain multinucleated giant cells. Presence of L-homoarginine or L
      tetramisole in the incubation medium, and incubation at 65 degrees C, prevented
      the deposition of final product, suggesting that the enzyme studied was "bone
      specific." The evidence obtained was compatible with the notion that the
      different cells showing presence of reaction product were functionally and
      histogenetically closely related and all were likely to be capable of bone
      production.

PMID- 3864307
TI  - [DNA markers, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis of hereditary diseases. A
      study of 3 families with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy].

PMID- 3864308
TI  - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: 13 years' experience].

PMID- 3864310
TI  - Presidential address.

PMID- 3864309
TI  - Sialylated Lea blood group substances detected by the monoclonal antibody Ca 19-9
      in human seminal plasma and other organs.
AB  - The glycoprotein fractions of human seminal plasma, amniotic fluid, urine, human
      saliva and human gastric juice have been found to contain sialyl-Lea blood group
      substance, an antigen and which is known to function as a tumor-marker in human
      pancreatic and gastrointestinal cancer (Ca 19-9). Tumor-associated carbohydrate
      structures may well occur in large amounts both in normal tissue and in
      secretions as organ-specific markers. In human seminal plasma typical variations
      have been found in relationship to the Lewis blood group of the donor.
      Accordingly, the Ca 19-9 antigen can be regarded as a marker of the main
      glycoprotein fraction of human seminal plasma, which could be useful as a tool
      for clinical investigations.

PMID- 3864311
TI  - Urticaria associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3864312
TI  - Alternative health care delivery systems.

PMID- 3864313
TI  - The spectrum of hemolytic-uremic syndrome.

PMID- 3864314
TI  - [Acute myelomonocytic and monoblastic leukemia with polyradicular symptoms].
AB  - Meningeal leukaemia, developed in 4 female patients with M4 or M5 leukaemia
      during a period of haematological remission. Polyradicular symptoms and signs
      dominated neurologically, but 3 patients also exhibited cranial nerve palsies.
      The neurological findings showed no reversal following intrathecal chemotherapy
      with normalization of liquor cytology. Patchy demyelinization in the region of
      the anterior spinal roots and of the proximal segments of the affected cranial
      nerves were responsible for the neurological features. Peripherally located
      streaky demyelinization of the olfactory bulb and of the optic chiasm were not
      found to cause any neurological manifestations.

PMID- 3864315
TI  - A comparison of the prophylactic value of cefotetan and metronidazole
      appendectomy.

PMID- 3864316
TI  - [HLA haplotype study in familial Crohn disease].
AB  - Among others, genetical factors have been discussed in the aetio-pathogenesis of
      inflammatory bowel diseases. This is supported by many studies reporting familial
      accumulation of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The use of HLA typing to
      demonstrate a genetical disposition has so far proved disappointing. Accordingly,
      if there is any association with definite HLA antigens, it is likely to be weak.
      We therefore investigated the HLA haplotypes in 13 families with multiple
      occurrences of Crohn's disease. Comparing observed and expected occurrences of
      HLA-haplotypes, we found a pronounced tendency towards common haplotypes in the
      affected siblings, uncles and nieces, and cousins. Although the data suggest a
      possible genetical disposition, additional factors such as microorganisms or
      possibly nutritional habits must be considered as causes for Crohn's disease.

PMID- 3864317
TI  - Analgesic therapy for dental pain: salicylates and para-aminophenols.

PMID- 3864318
TI  - [Immunohistochemistry of the human mononuclear phagocytic system].
AB  - Monocytes and macrophages comprising the so called mononuclear phagocyte system
      are characterized by an astonishing diversity with respect to morphology as well
      as function. Lysosomal acid hydrolases, specially the unspecific acid esterase
      (EC 3.1.1.6) have been widely used to characterize and recognize this cell
      system. It was the aim of this study to further clarify the heterogeneity of the
      mononuclear phagocyte system using acid hydrolases and related typical
      intracytoplasmic structures, the lysosomes, as biochemical as well as
      immunological markers. The following results were obtained: 1. Human blood
      monocytes and their macrophage derivatives are characterized by an extraordinary
      isoelectric focusing pattern of the unspecific acid esterase, which could not be
      observed in all other normal human blood cells. 2. The monocyte specific
      isoelectric focusing pattern of unspecific acid esterase is also observable under
      neoplastic conditions: The typical pattern can be recognized in monocytic
      leukemias as well as in the permanent monocytic cell line U-937. 3. The
      isoenzymes of monocytic acid esterase as well as lysosomes of stimulated U-937
      cell line are cell specific antigens: Polyclonal antisera raised against these
      structures recognize physiological functional forms, pathologic reaction forms,
      as well as neoplastic variants of the mononuclear phagocyte system applying
      immunohistochemistry. 4. The broad reactivity spectrum of polyclonal antibodies
      raised against lysosomes can be subdivided in different reactivity patterns by
      monoclonal antibodies. With the latter reagents it could be shown that monocytes
      not only differentiate in phagocytes but also in two populations of immune
      accessory cells thus mirroring the bipolarity of immune response as shown by T
      and B lymphocytes. The established biochemical as well as immunohistochemical
      markers open the possibility to characterize the different neoplasias originating
      from the mononuclear phagocyte system. Furthermore, it is hoped that the
      morphological as well as immunohistochemical heterogeneity is also paralleled by
      special functions expressed by the recognized subcohorts.

PMID- 3864319
TI  - En-bloc resection for proximal humerus osteogenic sarcoma.
AB  - From 1975 to 1982, 101 children were treated for osteogenic sarcoma at the
      Children's Hospital of the Medical Center and Dana Farber Cancer Institute,
      Boston. 12 of these patients presented proximal humerus localisation and 8
      underwent a local en-bloc resection. In the past these lesions were surgically
      treated by disarticulation of the shoulder or by interscapulothoracic amputation
      (forequarter amputation); the death rate was very high. Nowadays, high-dosage
      chemotherapy and resection of lung metastases carry new hopes for better and
      prolonged survival, and also for a higher rate of complete remissions. The
      quality of this prolonged life can be improved if en-bloc resection of the
      shoulder with upper limb preservation is performed.

PMID- 3864321
TI  - XV Acta Endocrinologica Congress. Helsinki, August 5-9, 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 3864320
TI  - Abstracts. Satellite symposium, XV Acta Endocrinologica Congress: Novel aspects
      in the hormonal regulation of testicular function. Helsinki, August 5-9, 1985.

PMID- 3864322
TI  - Immunological classification of adult lymphocytic leukemia based on the
      conventional cell markers and monoclonal antibody-defined cell surface antigens.

PMID- 3864323
TI  - Natural killer (NK) cell activity in hemopoietic dysplasia.

PMID- 3864324
TI  - Investigation of eosinophils in a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia
      associated with a pericentric inversion of chromosome 16.

PMID- 3864325
TI  - Fluid and electrolyte therapy in association with uncomplicated surgical
      procedures.

PMID- 3864327
TI  - Nomenclature on energy. Practical consequences of the relevant SI-shunt.

PMID- 3864326
TI  - Fluid therapy practice in elective surgery in Finland.

PMID- 3864328
TI  - Aspects on crystalloid fluid therapy.

PMID- 3864329
TI  - Fluid therapy of thermal injury.

PMID- 3864330
TI  - Magnesium and phosphorous: the electrolytes of energy metabolism.

PMID- 3864331
TI  - Carbohydrate induced hypophosphatemia.

PMID- 3864332
TI  - Traditions of therapy in the Nordic countries--Norway. The back-ground for fluid
      and electrolytes substitution in surgery.

PMID- 3864333
TI  - Progabide in the treatment of hyperkinetic extrapyramidal movement disorders.
AB  - The ability of the selective GABA-receptor agonist, progabide, to suppress
      abnormal involuntary movements was evaluated in a preliminary open pilot study.
      17 patients, 10 males and 7 females, aged 10-78 years, with hyperkinetic movement
      disorders were included in the study. Daily doses of progabide ranged from 900 to
      3600 mg (median 2400 mg) corresponding to 14-45 mg/kg (median 45 mg/kg), while
      the duration of treatment varied from 2 to 52 weeks. Improvement, with a
      reduction of involuntary movements exceeding 25%, occurred in two of four
      patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, and in two of three patients with
      postanoxic intention myoclonus, while no consistent beneficial effects were
      registered in ten patients with Huntington's chorea, postanoxic choreoathetosis,
      torsion dystonia, tardive dyskinesia, action tremor, essential myoclonus, or oro
      branchio-respiratory myoclonus.

PMID- 3864334
TI  - Immediate and delayed effects of repeated doxorubicin injections on rat incisor
      mesenchymal cells.
AB  - Effects of multiple injections of the cytotoxic drug doxorubicin hydrochloride
      (Adriamycin) on incisor mesenchymal cells were studied by light microscopy. Rats
      were killed 1 day after two and three injections, and 1 day and 5 days after four
      injections. Doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg were used and given on consecutive days.
      Necrotic alterations expanded in preodontoblast and basal pulp regions when the
      total dose was increased and finally embraced the entire progenitive part of the
      incisor. The necrotic area became encapsulated by cellular predentin produced by
      differentiated pulp cells to prevent further tissue damage, and commencing
      regeneration was observed after 5 days. When the total dose was split up, the
      cytotoxicity of doxorubicin increased.

PMID- 3864335
TI  - Long-term corrosion studies in vitro of amalgams and casting alloys in contact.
AB  - One conventional amalgam and two amalgams with higher copper content were stored
      in contact with various dental casting alloys in phosphate-buffered 0.9% NaCl
      solution, pH 6, at 37 degrees C during 35 weeks. Every 7 weeks the solutions were
      changed, and the corrosion was measured by analyzing the solutions for the amount
      of Cu, Zn, Sn, Hg, Ag, Co, Cr, and Ni. In the first 7 weeks the amalgams immersed
      in contact with acrylic or Co-Cr alloys released small amounts of elements,
      whereas the release was larger when the amalgams were in contact with the gold
      alloys. During the rest of the experiment the release of elements tended towards
      the same level, independent of the casting alloy in contact. In general, the high
      copper amalgams released more corrosion products into the solutions than the
      conventional one. The release of corrosion products was strongly pH-dependent.
      Changing the solutions more often and saturating the solutions with oxygen
      decreased the amounts of Hg and Ag released.

PMID- 3864336
TI  - The microstructure of corroded amalgams.
AB  - One conventional amalgam and two amalgams with a high copper content were stored
      in 0.9% NaCl solution buffered with phosphate to pH 6. In one experimental series
      the amalgams were placed in contact with a gold alloy. Every 7 weeks the
      solutions were changed and analyzed with regard to elements released from the
      amalgams. The microstructure of the specimens was studied in a scanning electron
      microscope before immersion and after 7 and 35 weeks in the solution. All the
      amalgams corroded along the grain boundaries in the gamma 1 phase. Corrosion was
      greatest in the gamma 2 phase of ANA 68, in the eta phase of ANA 2000 and in the
      reaction zone (eta + gamma 1) surrounding the Ag-Cu-eutectic particles of
      Dispersalloy. The microstructure of the corroded amalgams showed similarities to
      amalgams corroded in vivo. The change in microstructure observed in cross
      sections of the corroded specimens was related to the amounts of corrosion
      products released into the saline solution.

PMID- 3864337
TI  - Dental care habits, oral hygiene, and gingival health in Swedish professional
      musicians.
AB  - The investigation covered 250 professional musicians employed in 3 leading
      national orchestras in Stockholm, Sweden. The aims were to describe dental care
      habits, such as frequency of dental visits and frequency and methods of oral
      hygiene, and to relate these habits to oral cleanliness and gingival health in
      wind and non-wind instrument musicians. The results showed that 81.2% visited
      their dentist at least once a year and that 82.8% had had such a regular habit
      for the past 5 years or more. All subjects claimed to brush their teeth daily,
      and 66.0% used supplementary oral hygiene aids. The clinical examination showed
      that oral cleanliness and gingival health were of good standard. Mean plaque
      index was 0.9 and mean gingival index 1.2. Both measures increased with age and
      were closely correlated (r = 0.80). The relationships between the dental care
      habits studied and the clinical conditions with regard to oral cleanliness or
      gingival health were rather weak, although trends towards better gingival
      condition and oral cleanliness were observed with increasing frequency of
      toothbrushing. The results indicate a high degree of dental conscientiousness in
      professional musicians. No differences were observed between wind and non-wind
      instrument musicians.

PMID- 3864338
TI  - Social variables and patient acceptance of complete dentures. A study of patients
      attending a dental school.
AB  - It has been suggested that the social conditions under which patients live may
      influence their acceptance of dentures. In this paper a sample of 74 complete
      denture wearers has been interviewed with regard to several social variables.
      These variables include the patients' marital status, occupation, interests,
      social activities, economy, housing conditions, relationship to neighbors, and
      other people's opinion of their new dentures. The last factor appeared to
      influence denture acceptance strongly. The other social variables tested showed
      no significant or only minimal effects in this respect.

PMID- 3864339
TI  - Long-term corrosion studies in vitro of amalgams in contact.
AB  - Three types of amalgams, one conventional and two with a high copper content,
      were stored in phosphate-buffered 0.9% NaCl solution, at pH 6, for 35 weeks.
      Every 7 weeks the solutions were changed and analyzed with regard to Cu, Zn, Sn,
      Hg, and Ag. In one of the amalgam combinations, the conventional amalgam and one
      of the copper-rich amalgams in an area ratio of 2:1, contact between the amalgams
      clearly increased the amounts of Cu, Hg, and Ag released the first 14 weeks
      compared with when immersed in separate solutions. With the reversed area
      relation, Cu, Hg, and Ag decreased when they were in contact. The conventional
      amalgam in contact with the other copper-rich amalgam, in an area ratio of 2:1,
      reduced the amount of Cu but increased the Zn released. Polishing initially
      decreased the amounts of Cu and Zn released compared with the unpolished
      amalgams.

PMID- 3864340
TI  - Long-term corrosion studies in vitro of gold, cobalt-chromium, and nickel
      chromium alloys in contact.
AB  - Specimens of various types of dental casting alloys were stored in phosphate
      buffered 0.9% NaCl solution for 35 weeks. Every 7 weeks the solutions were
      changed and analyzed with regard to elements released from the alloys. The
      release of Cu from type III gold alloy increased in contact with gold alloys for
      metallo-ceramic use in a 1:2 area relation. However, when the area relation was
      reversed, no difference in the amounts of elements released was observed. Crevice
      corrosion was initiated with one of the Co-Cr alloys in contact with type III
      gold alloy. The crevice corrosion increased the amounts of Co and Cr released
      into the solutions. The release of Ni and Cr from the Ni-Cr alloys was prominent.
      These alloys were very susceptible to crevice corrosion. With one of the Ni-Cr
      alloys the release of elements increased in contact with type III gold alloy.

PMID- 3864341
TI  - Effects of cupric ions on isolated guinea-pig ileum.
AB  - The possible biological significance of low concentrations of Cu2+ on the guinea
      pig ileum has been investigated. Responses to nerve stimulation by single
      electrical shocks, acetylcholine (ACh), and histamine and the response to ACh of
      depolarized muscle were examined. In summary, Cu2+ has diverse and dose-dependent
      effects on the ileum. A stimulant effect dominates in intestine accommodated in
      physiological saline solution. The excitatory effect of the ion, in the
      concentration range 10 nM-1 microM, is probably due to stimulation of a
      depolarization-coupled initiation of the contraction. The inhibitory effect of
      Cu2+ (10 nm-1 microM) is presumably due to a decreased Ca2+ availability for the
      contractile process. In a higher concentration range (10 microM-100 microM) the
      stimulant action could also, in part, be related to a copper-induced release of
      Ca2+ from a storage site. No effect that certainly could be ascribed to a
      neuronal site of action could be observed. The possible effect of Cu2+, released
      during corrosion of dental alloys, on oral excitable tissue such as taste and
      pain receptors is discussed.

PMID- 3864342
TI  - Antibacterial properties of and element release from some dental amalgams.
AB  - Nine commercial dental amalgams were tested for antibacterial properties in
      vitro. A bactericidal test on salivary bacteria, a growth inhibition test on
      Streptococcus mutans OMZ 176, and a time-dependent bactericidal test on Strep.
      mutans were used. All amalgams displayed some antibacterial properties.
      Dispersalloy and Revalloy were strongly antibacterial in all tests; ANA 2000 and
      Sybraloy killed Strep. mutans but were less potent in the salivary test and in
      the growth inhibition experiments. The copper amalgams, Neo-Silbrin and Cupromuc,
      were the most active in the salivary test but less inhibitory in the growth curve
      experiments. Spheraloy, Indiloy, and Amalcap showed intermediate activity in the
      salivary bactericidal test but were relatively weak in the growth inhibition
      studies. Analysis of Hg, Ag, and Cu in media from the growth inhibition studies
      showed release of Hg from the copper amalgams and, particularly, from Revalloy;
      Indiloy gave off Ag, whereas Neo-Silbrin, Cupromuc, Sybraloy, and ANA 2000
      released more Cu than the other brands.

PMID- 3864343
TI  - Some properties of a denture acrylic coating.
AB  - The water sorption, solubility, hardness, and color stability of thin specimens
      of auto-polymerized and heat-polymerized denture base polymers with and without a
      UV light-polymerized coating material were investigated. The specimens were
      saturated after storage in water for 24 h. The thin coating reduced the leakage
      of soluble ingredients from an auto-polymerized denture base material. The coated
      materials had increased surface hardness compared with the uncoated, but the
      difference in hardness was reduced on water uptake. A continuous increase in
      yellowing of the auto-polymerized coated and uncoated specimens was observed when
      stored in water at 37 degrees C.

PMID- 3864344
TI  - Microdissection, cytocochleogram and transmission electron microscopy: a
      technique for a comprehensive evaluation of human cochlear pathology.
AB  - A technique combining microdissection with cytocochleogram and TEM is described
      as a tool for studying human cochlear pathology. It is recommended in cases well
      studied from a clinical point of view and with a short time interval between
      death and fixation.

PMID- 3864345
TI  - Progress in temporal bone histopathology. I. Semithin 3-5 micron sectioning of
      undecalcified human temporal bone after plastic embedding.
AB  - Prior to embedding a human temporal bone in methylmethacrylate the plane of
      sectioning is determined through CT-scanning. A new technique of micro-slicing,
      plastic embedding and semithin sectioning of undecalcified human temporal bone is
      described.

PMID- 3864346
TI  - A technique for freeze-fracturing of the organ of Corti.
AB  - A modification of the conventional method of freeze-fracturing is described. By
      the use of polyvinyl-alcohol, a high viscous fluid, the organ of Corti is better
      stabilized in the specimen holder. This fluid also facilitates a clean fracture
      through the organ of Corti proper and in a high number of cases gives a large
      replica void of contaminating biological tissue and free of folds. Examples of
      results produced with this technique are demonstrated.

PMID- 3864347
TI  - Early stages of innervation and sensory cell differentiation in the human fetal
      organ of Corti.
AB  - Early development of the human organ of Corti was investigated at the light and
      electron microscopic level. In 9-week fetal material the cochlea was completely
      coiled and nerve fibers penetrated into an undifferentiated Corti's primordium.
      By week 10 a single cell in radial sections, presumed to be the inner hair cell
      (IHC), could be found with many nerve fibers surrounding and contacting its base.
      It is possible to identify outer hair cells by the end of the 11th week while IHC
      development continues. During the 12th week stereocilia appear on IHCs and
      synaptic specializations could be found at the junctions between both types of
      hair cell and afferent dendrites. The first appearance of the efferent fibers
      beneath IHCs were also observed during week twelve.

PMID- 3864348
TI  - Studies of human temporal bone pathologies: the NIH perspective.

PMID- 3864349
TI  - Histopathological features of the spiral ganglion and cochlear nerve in temporal
      bones from three patients with profound hearing loss.
AB  - In the following study the condition of the spiral ganglion and the cochlear
      nerve of ears from patients suffering from profound hearing loss is described.
      The number of spiral ganglion cells has been related to the clinical diagnosis.
      The number of spiral ganglion cells in the two temporal bones of a patient with
      Neomycin ototoxicity was almost normal. A reduction of less than one-third of
      spiral ganglion cells has been observed in the temporal bones of a child who died
      after a bacterial labyrinthitis. The temporal bone with a Mondini dysplasia
      revealed a pronounced reduction of ganglion cells of more than two-thirds. The
      cochlear nerve trunk in the internal auditory canal appeared normal in all three
      cases. The present findings are discussed in respect to the degenerative
      behaviour of the cochlear neural elements in human being compared to animals.

PMID- 3864350
TI  - Light and electron microscopic investigation of cochlear nerve specimens from
      profoundly deaf patients.
AB  - Surgical specimens of cochlear nerves from patients suffering from sudden
      deafness or congenital deafness have been evaluated with regard to the number of
      nerve fibres and the morphological appearance. The meatal segment of cochlear
      nerves from 6 patients with sudden deafness shows a variable number of nerve
      fibres and different morphological changes. The duration of deafness does not
      correlate with the number of nerve fibres. In the case of congenital deafness for
      more than 17 years the cochlear nerve presented an apparently normal number of
      myelinated fibres. The presented study reveals that the retrograde degeneration
      of the human cochlear nerve is unpredictable.

PMID- 3864351
TI  - Perivascular demyelinization of cochlear neurons in two neonates.
AB  - Localized perivascular demyelinization of the peripheral processes of cochlear
      neurons was observed in surface preparations of the osseous spiral lamina in two
      neonates, one a premature infant with erythroblastosis fetalis, the other a full
      term infant with cyanotic congenital heart disease. In both cases the cause of
      the demyelinization was unknown. Both infants had severe edema as a result of
      congestive heart failure and anoxia. The serum bilirubin level in the
      erythroblastotic child appeared too low to have caused injury to the nerve
      fibers. The demyelinization was most striking in the lower half of the basal
      turn. It was observed only in the immediate vicinity of meandering stretches of
      capillaries as they crossed the nerve fibers. In the premature infant there was
      hair cell loss throughout the cochlea; in the other there was no hair cell loss,
      but a malformed labyrinth of the Mondini type.

PMID- 3864352
TI  - Numerical estimations of structures in the cochlear nuclei and cochlear afferents
      and efferents.
AB  - The cochlear nuclei and the cochlear afferents and efferents have been studied by
      light and electronmicroscopy. Numerical estimations have been performed
      concerning number of neurons and fibre population. Ultrastructural elements such
      as myelin lamellae, neurofilaments and neurotubuli were counted and measurements
      of axonal diameter and circumference performed. The results, seen in conjunction
      with other morphological and neurophysiological data indicate that it may be
      realistic to speak about two auditory nervous systems: one innervating the outer
      hair cells and one innervating the inner hair cells.

PMID- 3864353
TI  - Perforated synapses in the acoustic area of the human brain.
AB  - Morphological studies were made of human acoustic cortex by light and electron
      microscopy. The synapses of the cortical neurons were described and their
      morphology was correlated with the morphology of the neurons on each cortical
      layer. Most of the synapses are triangular, disc-like, ovoid fusiform or mushroom
      shaped. Complex-shaped perforated synapses were found in a high proportion in the
      primary acoustic area of the cortex. These synapses could be of special
      functional significance since they are mainly located in areas of specific
      functional importance.

PMID- 3864354
TI  - Three cases of vascular problems in the human stria vascularis.
AB  - The histopathological findings of a study of temporal bones are reported. Each
      patient suffered from one of the following systemic vascular diseases: leukemia,
      hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. In each temporal bone, a differing strial
      pathology was observed: leukemic infiltration, dilatated strial vessels, and
      microaneurismata. Microvascular changes as seen in this study could make the
      human inner ear more vulnerable to inner ear traumata.

PMID- 3864355
TI  - The microslicing method in the study of temporal bone changes in the perinatal
      period: an interim report.
AB  - The microslicing method was used to study the temporal bones of 49 perinatal
      deaths in the gross. X ray of the temporal bones was an important part of the
      investigation. The principle pathological changes were clearly observed. They
      were: acute otitis media in two cases; an anterior crural deformity of the stapes
      in four infants and haemorrhage of the apex of the fundus of the internal
      auditory meatus in 12. Primitive mesenchymal tissue was frequently seen in the
      infants of younger gestational age, but had largely disappeared by term.

PMID- 3864356
TI  - Gastro-intestinal and nutritional aspects in CF and its relation with the
      respiratory system. Proceedings of a workshop. Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

PMID- 3864357
TI  - The role of the small intestine in cystic fibrosis patients.
AB  - A survey is given of the morphological and biochemical lesions of the small
      intestine that can be found in cystic fibrosis patients. The available data on
      the structure and function of the small intestine in CF patients favour the
      hypothesis that the small intestine itself might contribute to the malabsorption
      of nutrients in this disease. The most pronounced lesions, i.e. meconium ileus
      and absent active transport of bile salts are found in the ileum. It might be
      remembered that the ileum is also the site of intensive exchange of chloride and
      bicarbonate, a function that is heavily disturbed in the pancreas of CF patients.
      For this reason, further studies on the ileal function in cystic fibrosis are
      warranted.

PMID- 3864358
TI  - Problems in the treatment of malabsorption in CF.
AB  - Several factors play a role in the cause of malabsorption in CF. Besides the
      enzyme deficiency in the secretion of the exocrine pancreas, decreased bile-salt
      concentration in the gut may also be an important factor in the fat
      malabsorption. The contribution to the fat absorption by other lipases, such as
      lingual lipase and gastric lipase, remains to be proved. The therapeutic measures
      are only partly effective because of the breakdown of swallowed enzymes by
      gastric acid. Some improvement is reached by using a new acid-resistant coating
      for the enzyme supplement. Newly developed and essential for its success is the
      application of small coated particles to prevent retention in the stomach, and
      the easy breakdown of the coating in an alkaline solution. The treatment of the
      bile salt deficiency has not been successful until now. A trial with additional
      Tween 80, with the option of supplementing the detergent activity which was found
      to be successful in Crohn disease, was without marked success.

PMID- 3864359
TI  - Bile acid malabsorption in cystic fibrosis; membrane vesicles, a tool for
      revealing the role of the ileal brush border membrane.
AB  - Increased fecal bile acid loss in cystic fibrosis (CF) may result from ileal
      dysfunction. A method to quantitate in vitro Na+-dependent taurocholate uptake
      into brush border membrane vesicles prepared from frozen ileum and ileal biopsy
      specimen is described. This transport across the ileal brush border membrane can
      be measured selectively, in contrast to in vivo measurements which represent a
      complex overall process. Preliminary results obtained with ileal specimen of 2 CF
      patients, suggest that in vitro bile acid uptake is low but not abnormal.

PMID- 3864360
TI  - Influence of respiratory exacerbations on lung function variables and nutritional
      status in CF patients.

PMID- 3864361
TI  - Potential effects of nutritional state on pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - There are a number of observations which suggest that malnutrition and decreasing
      pulmonary function are parallel phenomena in chronic lung disease. Causality for
      either has not been established. A potential link between the two may be the
      diminishing function of respiratory muscles which accompanies weight loss. Data
      from adult patients with chronic obstructive lung disease are presented which
      suggest that respiratory muscle fibers progressively atrophy, not hypertrophy, in
      the face of increasing airway obstruction. This lack of compensation is probably
      nonspecific since nonrespiratory muscles demonstrate the same trend. This
      observation may explain some of the impaired respiratory muscle function which
      has been documented in patients with chronic lung disease. There are no
      morphologic data available for older patients with cystic fibrosis, but the
      processes which impair muscle function may prove to be similar in both groups of
      patients. The effect of malnutrition on respiratory muscle fiber size remains to
      be determined.

PMID- 3864363
TI  - Proceedings of the XVIII Nordic Congress for Physiology and Pharmacology.
      Uppsala, Sweden, June 10-13, 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 3864362
TI  - General aspects of nutrition, absorption and metabolism in patients with cystic
      fibrosis.
AB  - It is important to determine the energy losses and the possible deficiencies of
      vitamins and trace elements for the adequate treatment of the patient. The energy
      loss presumably can be assessed best by direct calorimetry, supplemented by the
      assay of faecal fat, nitrogen and of breath hydrogen. Restriction of energy
      losses is feasible by prescribing a high-protein diet with a normal fat content,
      preferably polyunsaturated fats, in combination with pancreatin. Deficiencies of
      vitamins and trace elements can be prevented by timely supplementation.

PMID- 3864364
TI  - [A case of renal cell carcinoma difficult to diagnose preoperatively because of
      hypovascular findings].
AB  - A 35-year-old man visited our out-patient clinic with the chief complaint of
      macroscopic hematuria. After admission to the hospital, examinations by CT scan,
      renal angiography, etc. revealed a hypovascular space-occupying lesion in the
      right kidney, but no definite diagnosis could be made; blood findings such as
      accentuated alpha 2-globulin and raised LDH suggested the possibility of
      malignancy; and right nephrectomy was performed. In view of the preoperative X
      ray findings together with postoperative pathological findings, papillary renal
      cell carcinoma was suspected intensively. Some discussion was made on the
      differentiation of lesions of hypovascular to avascular tumors and the
      reliability of image diagnosis based on CT scan, angiography, and other methods.

PMID- 3864365
TI  - [Clinical experience with cefmenoxime (CMX) in complicated urinary tract
      infections].
AB  - Cefmenoxime (CMX) was intravenously administered to 106 patients with complicated
      urinary tract infection at a daily dose of 2-4 g for 5 days. An excellent
      response in overall clinical efficacy was seen in 15 cases (18.3%), a moderate
      response in 46 cases (56.1%) and poor response in 21 cases (25.6%). Pyuria was
      cleared in 20 cases (24.4%), decreased in 22 cases (26.8%) and unchanged in 40
      cases (48.8%). Bacteriuria was eliminated in 41 cases (50.0%), decreased in 17
      cases (20.7%), relapsed in 7 cases (8.5%) and unchanged in 17 cases (20.7%).
      Bacteriologically, 74 (76.8%) of the 95 strains isolated were eradicated by CMX,
      and 22 (23.2%) persisted. Side effects were observed in 3 (abdominal pain,
      diarrhea and elevation of trans amylase) of the 106 cases. Judging from the above
      results, CMX is considered to be a useful drug in the treatment of complicated
      urinary tract infections.

PMID- 3864366
TI  - Phase II trial of oral 4-demethoxydaunorubicin in patients with non-small cell
      lung cancer.
AB  - 4-Demethoxydaunorubicin (4-DMDR) is an orally active analog of daunorubicin that
      in preclinical testing has demonstrated greater antitumor activity and less
      cardiotoxicity than its parent compound. Thirty-two patients with metastatic non
      small cell lung cancer received 4-DMDR at a dose of 40-50 mg/m2 orally every 21
      days. Thirteen patients had received no prior chemotherapy. Among the 30
      adequately treated patients, one major response lasting 5.2 months was observed.
      Leukopenia 10-14 days after treatment was the most commonly observed toxicity.
      With an overall observed major response rate of 3.3% in 30 patients, the
      predicted true response rate is less than or equal to 16% (p = 0.05). At the dose
      and schedule studied in this group of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, 4
      DMDR had only marginal activity.

PMID- 3864367
TI  - Stability of clindamycin phosphate and ceftizoxime sodium, cefoxitin sodium,
      cefamandole nafate, or cefazolin sodium in two intravenous solutions.
AB  - The stability and compatibility of clindamycin phosphate and ceftizoxime sodium,
      cefoxitin sodium, cefamandole nafate, or cefazolin sodium in two intravenous
      solutions were studied. Each antibiotic alone as well as each of the four two
      drug combinations were examined when mixed in duplicate 100-mL glass bottles of
      5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride injections. Antibiotic concentration, pH,
      and visual appearance were recorded at the time of preparation and at 1, 4, 8,
      12, 24, and 48 hours. Antibiotic concentrations were assessed with drug-specific
      high-performance liquid chromatographic assays. Decreases in concentration of 10%
      or more from the original concentration were considered to indicate instability.
      All the single antibiotic solutions were stable for 48 hours. Clindamycin was
      stable in all combinations except with ceftizoxime in 0.9% sodium chloride
      injection, which measured 89.3% of its original clindamycin concentration at 48
      hours. All the cephalosporins mixed with clindamycin were stable for 48 hours.
      Clindamycin is stable for at least 48 hours when mixed with cefoxitin sodium,
      cefamandole nafate, or cefazolin sodium in either 5% dextrose or 0.9% sodium
      chloride injections and for at least 24 hours when mixed with ceftizoxime sodium
      in 0.9% sodium chloride injection.

PMID- 3864368
TI  - Use of intravenous terbutaline to facilitate uterine repositioning.

PMID- 3864369
TI  - Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism with gestational diabetes.
AB  - A case of gestational diabetes complicating the pregnancy of a hypoparathyroid
      gravid patient is presented. Labor was induced by prostaglandin E2 vaginal
      tablets, but delivery was by cesarean section. Separate treatment of the two
      endocrinopathies was successful. After the induction of labor, hypocalcemia and
      hypoglycemia were seen, and they may have been caused by the prostaglandin E2.

PMID- 3864370
TI  - Cephalometric changes associated with treatment using the activator, the Frankel
      appliance, and the fixed appliance.
AB  - Treatment with the activator, the Frankel appliance, and the edgewise appliance
      was compared in three separate groups; each group consisted of twenty-five
      nonextraction cases of Class II, Division 1 malocclusion. Hard- and soft-tissue
      profile changes caused by growth and treatment were assessed by means of
      pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms. Anterior movement of A point
      was 1.6 mm more in the activator group than in the fixed-appliance group. The
      most anterior point on the maxillary incisor moved 1.5 mm more distally in the
      fixed-appliance sample than in the functional groups. Among the three groups, the
      activator sample showed the most anterior movement of the mandible (2.3 mm); the
      fixed group showed the least (0.6 mm). The fixed-appliance group showed more
      posterior rotation of the mandible than the activator group. However, relative to
      cranial base, the movement of the mandibular symphysis was not statistically
      different in the three groups. There were little differences among the treatment
      groups with regard to changes in the soft-tissue profile. In clinical terms,
      there was a remarkable similarity in the changes that occurred in the three
      treatment groups.

PMID- 3864371
TI  - An acoustic-speech study of patients who received orthognathic surgery.
AB  - Several reports have suggested that orthognathic surgery may influence speech
      patterns. The purpose of this study was to examine the formant frequency changes
      of speech following orthognathic surgery in patients whose speech was considered
      perceptually normal preoperatively and postoperatively. Speech samples were
      obtained from five patients (three patients with Class II, Division 1
      malocclusions and two patients with Class III malocclusions). Significant second
      formant frequency shifts were found for the vowel 'e' (as in 'seat'); however,
      only minor second-formant frequency variations were found for the vowels 'a' (as
      in 'sat') and 'u' (as in 'suit'). The pattern of formant frequencies before and
      after surgical treatment suggested that the speakers adjusted their articulation
      to accommodate the orthognathic surgery. Overall, the data from this study
      indicate that speech patterns may be reorganized after orthognathic surgery even
      though speech remains perceptually "normal."

PMID- 3864372
TI  - Nonextraction treatment of Class II, Division 1 malocclusions.
AB  - Nonextraction treatment of three different types of Class II, Division 1
      malocclusions that focused on solving the imbalances of the dentofacial
      configuration have been presented. Diagnostic features encountered were anterior
      alveolar hyperplasia that required simultaneous maxillary incisor intrusion and
      retraction, severe mandibular crowding requiring functional alveolar arch
      development, and maxillary prognathism requiring distal movement of the maxilla
      and incisor retraction. Since many factors contribute to the makeup of various
      types of Class II, Division 1 malocclusions, orthodontic mechanics should address
      the specific needs of each patient.

PMID- 3864373
TI  - Reliability and validity of the Orthodontic Locus of Control Scale.
AB  - The Orthodontic Locus of Control (OLOC) Scale was developed to assess the ways in
      which persons perceive and evaluate the events that determine occlusal status and
      orthodontic treatment. The children's OLOC Scale is a 34-item self-administered
      inventory with a 6-point response format. The adult measure is a similar, 28-item
      version of the scale. A 6-item Occlusal Value Scale, was also developed for
      administration in conjunction with the OLOC Scale. These instruments were given
      to 51 children and their mothers who applied for treatment at the School of
      Dental Medicine's Orthodontic Clinic of the State University of New York at
      Buffalo. For validity studies, children and their mothers completed the
      Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (HLOC) Scale and the Orthodontic Opinion
      Poll (OOP) Subscales. The internal consistency estimates for reliability on both
      the child and parent versions of the OLOC Scales were in the moderate to high
      moderate range. Moderate to high-moderate subscale correlations offer promise for
      the validity and usefulness of the Orthodontic Locus of Control Scale for future
      research on psychologic and social responses to malocclusion. The implications of
      the concept of "orthodontic locus of control" for orthodontists and parent-child
      treatment-related behaviors are discussed.

PMID- 3864374
TI  - The validity and reliability of ratings of dental and facial attractiveness for
      epidemiologic use.
AB  - A method to obtain indices of dental and facial attractiveness for epidemiologic
      survey work has been evaluated. A two-person panel was constituted to make
      ratings of photographic records under standardized conditions by means of a
      visual analogue recording scale. The method proved to be convenient and rapid in
      operation and its validity was upheld. Good reliability was established and there
      is scope for further improvement by increasing the size of the panel.

PMID- 3864375
TI  - Treatment-induced errors in occlusion following orthognathic surgery.
AB  - Posttreatment occlusion following orthognathic surgery is often different from
      that predicted in the treatment plan. Differences between intended and actual
      occlusion may be treatment-induced occlusal errors caused by mismatches between
      the centers of rotation of the mandible and of the articulated models.
      Discrepancies in the position of the articulator center of rotation (relative to
      the position of the center of rotation of the patient's mandible) influence the
      magnitude of occlusal errors. A computer model was developed to quantify these
      errors. As the center of rotation of the articulated models becomes more
      divergent from the patient's center of rotation, the magnitude of the occlusal
      errors increases. This magnitude increases most rapidly along the line that is
      perpendicular to the line joining the patient's center of rotation and a
      preselected mandibular landmark (incisor tip or molar cusp, for instance). For
      small changes in vertical dimension, clinically insignificant errors result,
      independent of the degree of mismatch between the centers of rotation. Clinical
      implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 3864376
TI  - Interrelationships among measures of somatic, skeletal, dental, and sexual
      maturity.
AB  - The interrelationships among five measures of physiologic maturity for 50 French
      Canadian girls are evaluated--menarche, peak height velocity (PHV), 75% skeletal
      maturity, appearance of the ulnar sesamoid, and 90% dental development. The mean
      ages of occurrence of the events differed significantly (P less than 0.01).
      Menarche and 90% dental maturity showed the least variability. Ages of PHV,
      menarche, and 75% skeletal maturity were significantly correlated (P less than
      0.05). Age of menarche was most closely associated with PHV. The appearance of
      the ulnar sesamoid was highly correlated with 75% skeletal maturity; both were
      equally related to the ages of PHV and menarche. The age at which French-Canadian
      girls attain 90% of their dental development showed no significant relationships
      with the other maturity indicators. The results imply that the mechanisms
      controlling dental development are independent of somatic and/or sexual maturity.

PMID- 3864377
TI  - Whither and why?

PMID- 3864378
TI  - Quadrilateral analysis revisited.

PMID- 3864379
TI  - Re: Ankylosis, root resorption, and loss of attachment.

PMID- 3864380
TI  - A linkage study of protein-coding loci in Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis.
AB  - Genealogical and gene marker data from the closely related species Macaca mulatta
      and Macaca fascicularis have been used to search for linkage between genes coding
      for the blood proteins albumin, carbonic anhydrase 1 and 2, diaphorase 1 and 2,
      group-specific component, glucose phosphate isomerase, hemoglobin alpha chains,
      isocitrate dehydrogenase, prealbumin, and transferrin. The results are consistent
      with conservation of the linkage between the loci coding for albumin and group
      specific component and loci coding for the two carbonic anhydrase isozymes, as
      observed in other species. Among the 38 possible pairwise comparisons, no new
      linkage groups were identified. Tight linkage can be excluded for most pairs of
      loci.

PMID- 3864381
TI  - Phorbol ester inhibition of Na-H exchange in rabbit proximal colon.
AB  - In rabbit proximal colon, in vitro addition of phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDB, 10(
      7) M) to the serosal bathing medium inhibits mucosal (m)-to-serosal (s)
      unidirectional Na flux (JsmNa) without altering JsmNa or unidirectional Cl
      fluxes. Similar results were obtained when amiloride (2 X 10(-4) M) was added to
      the mucosal bathing medium. No additivity of effect was seen when tissues were
      exposed to both agents. Measurements with carboxyfluorescein reveal that the two
      agents cause equal decreases of intracellular pH (pHi), an effect that is
      dependent on the presence of extracellular Na (Na replacement also decreases
      pHi). No additivity of pHi effects is seen when both agents are added together.
      To determine the membrane site of this PDB-inhibitable Na-H exchange, Na influx
      across the luminal border of proximal colon was measured and was found to be
      inhibited equally by PDB and amiloride. We conclude that PDB, by activation of
      protein kinase C, inhibits electro-neutral amiloride-sensitive Na-H exchange in
      the luminal membrane of proximal colon.

PMID- 3864382
TI  - Comparison of renal and osseous binding of parathyroid hormone and hormonal
      fragments.
AB  - We compared receptor binding and adenylate cyclase stimulation of intact bovine
      parathyroid hormone (bPTH)-(1-84) and the synthetic amino-terminal fragments,
      bPTH-(1-34) and rat PTH (rPTH)-(1-34). Radioligands for binding studies were
      prepared by the lactoperoxidase technique and purified by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography. In both canine renal membranes and cloned rat osteosarcoma cells
      the amino-terminal fragments bound to a single order of sites; the affinity of
      rPTH-(1-34) exceeded that of bPTH-(1-34), correlating with its higher potency in
      stimulating adenylate cyclase. In studies with oxidized bPTH-(1--84), the middle
      and carboxyl regions of intact PTH were found to bind to both tissues but with
      higher affinity to osteosarcoma cells than to renal membranes. Our results
      demonstrate that rPTH-(1--34) is the most favorable probe of amino-terminal PTH
      binding and the most potent of the PTH peptides in stimulating renal and osseous
      adenylate cyclase. The results also show that midregion and carboxyl determinants
      within intact PTH contribute to hormone binding, which does not correlate with
      adenylate cyclase activation and appears more significant for skeletal than for
      renal binding.

PMID- 3864383
TI  - Family characteristics of 105 patients with bulimia.
AB  - The authors compared 105 patients who met DSM-III criteria for bulimia with 86
      control subjects on measures of family environment and presence of eating
      disorders. Bulimic patients' perceptions of their families included low
      cohesiveness, a lack of emphasis on independent and assertive behavior, and a
      high level of conflict coupled with a low emphasis on open expression of
      feelings. Families of bulimic subjects had achievement expectations comparable to
      those of control families, but the former placed less emphasis on intellectual
      and recreational activities. The high disorganization of the families of bulimic
      subjects was associated with severity of symptoms.

PMID- 3864384
TI  - The dexamethasone suppression test in bulimia.
AB  - Nineteen (35%) of 55 women with bulimia failed to exhibit cortisol suppression
      after dexamethasone administration. Although there was no statistically
      significant difference between suppressors and nonsuppressors on any clinical
      variable, there was a higher frequency of major depression among nonsuppressors.

PMID- 3864385
TI  - Linkage analysis of the Rett syndrome using human chromosomal specific probes.
AB  - Restriction fragment length polymorphic (RFLP) human DNA probes have been used
      for linkage analysis in families with the Rett syndrome. A cytogenetic marker
      could be detected in 6 out of 14 cases of the Rett syndrome in the region of
      Xp22, and a deletion was seen in one severe case. Informative results were
      obtained with two of the chromosomal specific DNA probes, 99.6 and D2, in two
      different families.

PMID- 3864386
TI  - A "new" chromosome marker common to the Rett syndrome and infantile autism? The
      frequency of fragile sites at X p22 in 81 children with infantile autism,
      childhood psychosis and the Rett syndrome.
AB  - Chromosomes from 46 autistic, 20 psychotic and 15 Rett syndrome children were
      cultured in a folic-acid-depleted medium. Nine percent of the autistic, 20% of
      the psychotic and 40% of the Rett syndrome cases showed a "new" chromosomal
      anomaly, viz a fragile site at the (X) (p22) location. It is suggested that in
      some cases of autism/psychosis and the Rett syndrome, there might be a common
      biological marker for the common type of psychiatric disturbance. However, as the
      population frequency of the chromosome marker is not yet known, conclusions must
      be drawn with great caution.

PMID- 3864387
TI  - [Histocompatibility antigens and autoimmune diseases].

PMID- 3864388
TI  - Oligoclonal immunoglobulins in mastocytosis.

PMID- 3864389
TI  - Subrenal capsule assay. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on
      Subrenal Capsule Assay. August 9, 1985, Helsinki, Finland.

PMID- 3864390
TI  - Subrenal capsule assay in choosing cytostatics for gynaecological tumours.
AB  - The subrenal capsule assay (SRCA) was used to test the sensitivity of
      gynaecological tumours to chemotherapy. The total number of the assays was 95,
      ovarian cancer being the most often tested. Of the SRCAs 92% were evaluable. Of
      the 59 evaluable assays for ovarian cancer, 52% showed sensitivity, 41%
      intermediate sensitivity, and 7% resistance to chemotherapy. The previously
      treated tumours were less sensitive than the untreated ones (p less than 0.01).
      To the most often tested drug combinations, DOX (doxorubicin) + C
      (cyclophosphamide) + DDP (cisplatin), DOX + C + Tegafur, and C + V (vincristine),
      resistance was observed in 10-20% of the assays. However, there was marked
      interindividual variation. Twenty-five assays of the squamous cell carcinomas
      were evaluable. Of the tumours 28% were sensitive, 48% intermediately sensitive,
      and 24% were resistant. Five of 7 sensitive tumours were previously untreated.
      The combination of DDP and VP-16 (etoposide) was tested most often, followed by
      Bleo (bleomycin) as a single agent. DDP + VP-16 was significantly superior to
      Bleo (p less than 0.01). The results of the SRCA and the clinical outcome of the
      patients could be compared in 31 cases. An overall predictive accuracy rate of
      81% was achieved. It was concluded that the SRCA has predictive value in
      determining chemotherapy responsiveness of gynaecological tumours.

PMID- 3864391
TI  - A histological assessment of the four-day subrenal capsule assay (SRCA).
AB  - A four-day subrenal capsule assay (SRCA) was developed, since fragments of human
      tumours implanted under the renal capsule of immunocompetent mice became rejected
      by the host within six days. The assay requires a histological assessment of both
      its exploitability and the extent of drug-induced anti-tumour lesions. 45 tumours
      from 43 patients with solid tumour were submitted to an SRCA in 1410 male B6D2F1
      mice. After being biopsied each tumour was dissected by a pathologist, cut into
      50 pieces (1.5 mm3), and one piece was implanted under the renal capsule of 35
      mice; the mean tumour diameter was measured on day 0. The mice were randomized
      into groups of 6 to 10 animals each. On days 1, 2 and 3, the mice were treated
      with either placebo (control group) or with various anticancer agents. On day 4
      the animals were sacrificed, the mean tumour diameter measured, the tumour
      bearing kidney fixed in Bouin's picroformol solution and processed for
      histological analysis after staining with hematein. Fragments of fresh explants
      of human tumours retained their proliferative and metabolic capacity: mitoses
      were observed as well as keratinizing cells in epidermoid carcinomas and melanin
      producing cells in melanomas. Proliferation of tumour cells was seen along the
      renal capsule suggesting their affinity for connective tissue. Capillaries filled
      with mouse erythrocytes were also seen. No or minimal lymphocytic infiltration
      was found. Drug oncolytic effects ranged from minor cellular degeneration to
      almost complete necrosis and were documented by the scoring of histologic
      lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3864393
TI  - Clinical praxis and laboratory procedures in subrenal capsule assay (SRCA).
AB  - Subrenal capsule assay (SRCA) is a promising method in cancer research and in the
      selection of individual chemotherapy for cancer patients. The laboratory
      procedures of SRCA are as follows: on day zero 1 X 1 X 1 mm pieces of fresh human
      tumour are carefully prepared. The pieces are transferred by a trocar under the
      outer capsule of normal immunocompetent mice, one piece to each. The mice (about
      30-40/test) are divided randomly into groups of at least five. The size of each
      piece (initial size) is measured in situ by a stereomicroscope fitted with an
      ocular micrometer. On days 1-5 cytostatics are administered to the animals. On
      day 6 the animals are killed and the final tumour size is measured. The
      difference between the final and initial tumour size describes the response of
      the tumour to the treatments. The critical point of the assay is the selection of
      the tumour fragment which has to be representative, as homogeneous as possible
      and contain living tumour cells. When the sample is in pieces of about 3 X 3 mm
      (4-5 tumour fragments are sufficient for the assay) in the culture medium, it may
      be stored in an ice bath or at room temperature for one day. During this time,
      though as rapidly as possible, the sample has to be delivered to a research
      laboratory where the SRCA is carried out.

PMID- 3864392
TI  - The six-day subrenal capsule assay (SRCA) for testing the response of human
      tumours to anticancer agents. Validity and usefulness in cancer research and
      treatment.
AB  - To assess the value of the 6-day subrenal capsule assay (SRCA), the growth of
      human tumours under the kidney capsule of immunocompetent mice as well as the
      response of the grafts to chemotherapy were studied and compared with the results
      obtained when the same tumours were grown subcutaneously (SC) in athymic, nude
      mice. Human tumours serially transplanted in athymic mice were used as test
      material. The subrenal grafts increased rapidly in size and showed individual,
      characteristic and reproducible growth rates and they retained the morphological
      and functional characteristics of the parent tumours, including their malignant
      character. The infiltration of the grafts by host cells, demonstrable already
      after day 4, contributed some 15-35% of the total graft volume on day 6 but did
      not seriously interfere with the growth measurements and the assay. When the
      chemosensitivity of different tumours was tested both in the 6-day SRCA and in
      the subcutaneous nude mouse model, the same ranking of drugs was obtained with
      the two procedures. The results show that the 6-day SRCA on tumour xenografts
      permits reliable and meaningful measurements of the response of human tumours to
      drugs. The data indicate that the assay deserves a wider use in cancer
      chemotherapy and research.

PMID- 3864394
TI  - [Genetic control and the mechanism of the spread of gentamycin resistance among
      Enterobacteriaceae strains in a hospital].
AB  - Strains of K. pneumoniae belonging to serowars K10, K3, K16 and K62 and two
      strains of E. coli with multiple drug resistance including newly detected
      resistance to gentamicin were isolated in succession within the 2-year period of
      microbiological survey of a hospital department for premature infants. Resistance
      to gentamicin in the first isolate of K. pneumoniae was due to the non-conjugated
      plasmid pP12140 with a molecular weight of 15 MD. This plasmid also controlled
      resistance to streptomycin and sulfanilamides and was physically independent of
      the other large (about 80 MD) conjugative R plasmid controlling resistance to
      kanamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and ampicillin. In the strains of K.
      pneumoniae and E. coli isolated within the following 2 years the marker of
      gentamicin resistance was included into large (80-120 MD) conjugative R plasmids
      controlling 6-7 resistance types. DNA of such plasmids was used for
      transformation of the recipient strain C600 of E. coli. In addition to the
      transformants with the acquired R plasmids possessing all the resistance markers
      there were isolated transformants carrying plasmids with the molecular weight of
      15 MD controlling resistance to gentamicin, streptomycin and sulfanilamides and
      capable of self-replication. Analysis of the plasmids with the help of
      endonucleases EcoR1 and Pst1 revealed complete identity of plasmid pP12140 and
      similar plasmids of the transformants isolated with the use of DNA of the
      plasmids of the other K. pneumoniae strains. Marked relation with the plasmids of
      the transformants isolated with the use of the plasmid DNA of E. coli was also
      revealed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3864395
TI  - omega-1 and omega-2 hydroxylation of prostaglandins by rabbit hepatic microsomal
      cytochrome P-450 isozyme 6.
AB  - Incubation of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) with liver microsomes from control rabbits
      and from rabbits treated with ethanol or imidazole yielded 18-, 19-, and 20
      hydroxy metabolites, representing hydroxylation at omega-2, omega-1, and omega
      carbons, respectively. The current investigation demonstrates that rabbit liver P
      450 isozyme 6 effectively catalyzes the omega-1 and omega-2 hydroxylation of PGE1
      and PGE2. Additionally, a small amount of product with chromatographic
      characteristics of the corresponding 20-hydroxy metabolite has been detected. The
      incorporation of cytochrome b5 into the reconstituted system did not enhance the
      rate of PGE1 hydroxylation and had no effect on the ratio of products formed. The
      Km value for the omega-1 and omega-2 hydroxylation of PGE1 with P-450 isozyme 6
      from imidazole-treated rabbits was approximately 140 microM; the Vmax's (nmol
      product min-1 nmol P-450-1) were 2.1 and 1.1 for the omega-1 and omega-2
      hydroxylations, respectively. These rates represent the highest activities by
      hepatic P-450 isozymes for hydroxylation of PGs, and suggest that isozyme 6 is
      responsible for the omega-2 hydroxylation of PGEs observed in rabbit liver
      microsomes.

PMID- 3864396
TI  - [Sequential combination of high-dose cytosine arabinoside and L-asparaginase in
      the treatment of refractory acute leukemia and malignant lymphoma].
AB  - Clinical effects of sequential administration of high-dose cytosine arabinoside
      with L-asparaginase were studied in 5 cases of refractory acute leukemia and 2
      cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A total 12 courses were carried out on these 7
      patients and complete remission was obtained in 2 courses and partial remission
      in 3 courses. Two cases of lymphoma with pleural effusion or CNS invasion
      achieved partial and complete remission, respectively. The side effects
      associated with this sequential therapy were nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever
      and conjunctivitis, although these were tolerable. These observations suggest
      that high-dose cytosine arabinoside combined with L-asparaginase is a useful
      regimen for refractory leukemia and lymphoma.

PMID- 3864397
TI  - Familial X-linked ichthyosis, steroid sulfatase deficiency, mental retardation,
      and nullisomy for Xp223-pter.
AB  - Steroid sulfatase (STS)-deficient X-linked ichthyosis was diagnosed in a man with
      short stature and mental retardation. His generation includes five similarly
      affected male members. A translocation chromosome is segregating in this
      Newfoundland kindred. The proband's mother and grandmother have normal skin and
      are of normal intelligence. From his carrier mother, the proband inherited an X
      short arm (Xp) to Y long arm (Yq) translocation chromosome, with the entire Y
      short arm and the X short arm terminal segment deleted (Xp223-pter). His cells
      are completely deficient in STS activity, confirming assignment of the STS locus
      to Xp223-pter. Effective management of his ichthyosis included treatment with 6%
      salicylic acid gel under plastic occlusion and removal of the scales by
      scrubbing.

PMID- 3864398
TI  - Imipramine for the treatment of fibrositis: a therapeutic trial.
AB  - Twenty fibrositic patients were treated with imipramine 50-75 mg/day. Only two
      patients responded favourably. Nineteen patients stopped therapy during the
      initial three-month period: 14 of them due to lack of response, while two of
      these concomitantly disclosed side effects. The additional five patients stopped
      therapy mainly due to side effects, while only one of them improved with therapy.
      One patient, only, improved and adhered to therapy for more than three months.

PMID- 3864399
TI  - Pattern of infection and selective loss of Ia positive cells in suckling and
      adult mice inoculated with lactic dehydrogenase virus.
AB  - Lactic dehydrogenase virus (LDV) infected cells were localised in cryostat
      sections of infected adult and suckling mice by fluorescent antibody staining. In
      almost every organ except brain and spinal cord, LDV infected cells were present
      in interstitial connective tissue, including dermis and submucosa of
      gastrointestinal and urinogenital tracts. They were also present in liver
      sinusoids and red pulp of spleen. The tissue distribution, shape, and
      fluorescence staining pattern of infected cells were similar in adult and
      suckling mice. The reactivity with monoclonal antibody to mouse macrophages
      (F4/80) and to Ia antigens indicated that infected cells were Ia antigen positive
      macrophages, and this was confirmed in double labelling experiments. Peak numbers
      of LDV infected cells were seen in every organ 12-18 hours post infection (p.i.),
      disappearing rapidly thereafter until at 48 hours p.i. they could no longer be
      detected. At the same time Ia positive cells fell to undetectable levels,
      although macrophages were still present in reduced numbers. At 7 days p.i. the
      total number of macrophages in sections had returned to normal, but the number of
      Ia positive cells remained at low levels. Macrophages recovered from peritoneal
      cavity and spleen of intraperitoneally infected mice were also studied. Ia
      positive cells had virtually disappeared from peritoneal cavity at 24-48 hours,
      and from spleen at 24-72 hours. Three weeks after infection the proportion of Ia
      positive cells was still low when compared with that of normal mice suggesting
      selective loss of these cells.

PMID- 3864400
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of arylamidases from human palatine
      secretions.
AB  - The secretions (HPS) contained an arylamidase-like enzyme discovered by
      chromatography on Sephadex G-100 Superfine columns using N-L-alanyl-2
      naphthylamine (2NA) as substrate. The enzyme was fractionated in the void volume,
      suggesting that its molecular weight was 150,000 or higher. It hydrolysed, with
      decreasing rates, the 2NA of L-alanine, L-leucine, L-methionine and L
      phenylalanine, the pH optimum for the best substrate (ala-2NA) being 8.0, alpha
      Benzoyl-DL-arginine-2NA was not hydrolysed. p-Chloromercuribenzoate, EDTA, Ca2+
      and Zn2+ were inhibitory, whereas chemical modification with typical tyrosyl
      group reagents did not significantly inactivate the enzyme. Treatment of HPS with
      Triton X-100 revealed two further arylamidase-like enzymes with lower mol. wt
      (90,000 and 40,000, respectively). Inhibition characteristics and Cl- effects
      suggest that one of these enzymes resembles aminopeptidase B (EC 3.4.11.6). HPS
      also contains endopeptidase activity over a wide pH range (6-9). The number of
      enzymes in HPS is thus small and most of the peptidolytic activity of HPS in
      vitro is due to one major enzyme with arylamidase activity.

PMID- 3864402
TI  - Techniques for choosing reference points from which to measure eruption rates of
      rat incisors.
AB  - Measurements of eruption rates were compared with a computer analysis of
      measurements of eruption rates from stable and unstable reference points. In the
      computer analysis, when the measurements were made from unstable reference
      points, there were correlations between eruption rates and changes in tooth
      length and between unimpeded and impeded eruption rates. These correlations were
      not seen in measurements made from stable reference points. The measurements from
      unstable reference points had greater variances. These correlations were found in
      measurements made from the gingival margin of the unimpeded incisor but not in
      measurements from the margin of the impeded incisor. The measurements from the
      impeded incisor had a lower variance. The ability was demonstrated of these
      correlations and variance ratios to detect instability of reference points.

PMID- 3864401
TI  - The role of H2O2 and the lactoperoxidase-SCN(-)-H2O2 system on the interaction
      between two bacteria originating from human dental plaque, Streptococcus rattus
      (mutans) BHT and Streptococcus mitior LPA-1, grown on human teeth in an
      artificial mouth.
AB  - Teeth were inoculated with either the organisms separately or with a freshly
      prepared mixture of both. The apparatus was swept with 5 per cent (v/v) CO2 in
      either air or N2, and incubated for 90 h. A nutrient supplement containing 1 per
      cent (w/v) glucose was supplied for 1 h in every 6 h. Both organisms achieved
      similar numbers when grown aerobically in pure culture, yet in mixed culture
      there was pronounced inhibition of BHT (p less than 0.001). When the synthetic
      saliva was supplemented with catalase the strain BHT count in mixed culture was
      much higher (p less than 0.001). It was concluded, therefore, that the strain LPA
      1 produced inhibitory levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the tooth surface
      under aerobic conditions. This was supported by finding that a lower viable count
      of LPA-1 in pure culture was attained when lactoperoxidase (LPO) was included in
      the saliva (p less than 0.005), as all components of the LPO-SCN-H2O2 system were
      presumably present. With the N2-CO2 mixture, conditions were not strictly
      anaerobic and both catalase and LPO increased all viable counts. Under these
      conditions, therefore, when H2O2 was limiting, LPO protected bacteria against its
      bactericidal effect.

PMID- 3864403
TI  - Mechanism of intra-oral transport in a herbivore, the hyrax (Procavia syriacus).
AB  - Movements in the jaw, tongue and hyoid during feeding behaviour were recorded
      with cine-X-ray. Food was moved through the mouth by anterior/posterior motion of
      the tongue surface relative to the hard palate. This was true for both stage I
      transport, from the front of the mouth to the molar tooth row and stage II
      transport, from the molar tooth row to the vallecular area of the oropharynx.
      During a series of chew cycles, processed food collected in the oropharynx prior
      to a swallow. Swallows occurred as discrete events punctuating chew sequences and
      were characterized by coordinated movements of tongue and soft palate. Similar
      mechanisms of transport have been observed in the opossum and the cat, indicating
      a common mammalian behaviour. Differences between this herbivore and anthropoid
      primates can be attributed to differences in anatomy of the oral apparatus.

PMID- 3864404
TI  - Influences of periodontal and mandibular-joint receptors on reflex sensitivity of
      human jaw-closing muscles.
AB  - Reflex sensitivity from stimulating the chin or the dental arch of the mandible
      and the influences of periodontal and mandibular joint receptors on jaw muscles
      were investigated by experiments with and without anaesthesia. The findings
      showed that periodontal receptors exert an inhibitory influence on motoneural
      excitability of jaw-closing muscles and facilitate alpha-motoneurones of the
      digastric muscle and that the silent period following a jaw jerk is partly caused
      by inhibition of alpha-motoneurones of jaw-closing muscles due to activity of
      periodontal receptors. The ratio of reflex activity in temporal and masseter
      muscles appeared to depend on the position of the applied stimulus. The
      mandibular joint receptors appear to play a major part in distributing active
      muscle-force over these muscles.

PMID- 3864405
TI  - Recombinant study of the mouse molar cervical loop and dental papilla by renal
      transplantation.
AB  - Cervical loop tissues of the mandibular first molar germs were dissected from 18
      day mouse embryos and recombined with the isochronal dental papilla mesenchyme.
      The recombinants were transplanted under the kidney capsule of syngeneic male
      mice. Five days later, proliferation of epithelial and mesenchymal cells was
      observed. At the junctional region between the internal dental epithelium and the
      dental papilla mesenchyme, extracellular organic matrix was deposited. By 10 days
      after, transplantation, the formation of dentine and enamel was initiated. Twenty
      days after transplantation, the recombinant developed into an almost intact molar
      tooth. The compensatory potential of the molar cervical loop, when recombined
      with the dental papilla mesenchyme, was indicated.

PMID- 3864406
TI  - Electromyographic study of human jaw-closing muscle endurance, fatigue and
      recovery at various isometric force levels.
AB  - The effect of a sustained isometric clenching, at various force levels or maximum
      voluntary bite-force levels, was evaluated on normal jaw-function subjects.
      Surface electromyographic (EMG) recordings of the masseter and temporalis were
      taken and bite force was measured using an intra-oral force transducer placed
      unilaterally in the 2nd premolar-1st molar region. Subjects sustained isometric
      force at the 25, 50, 75 and 100 per cent force level. Maximal bite force and EMG
      contraction levels were measured before, during and after these sustained
      isometric tasks. Subjects showed no change in their brief maximal contraction or
      force levels during or after various fatigue-inducing isometric tasks. The
      findings suggested a lack of contractile failure in the jaw-closing muscles. Pain
      intolerance rather than neuromuscular fatigue is the limiting factor of a
      sustained submaximal or even maximal clenching effort.

PMID- 3864407
TI  - Australian Dental Association. 24th Congress, Brisbane 1985. Conferring of awards
      at the opening ceremony.

PMID- 3864408
TI  - Radiolucent lesions resembling caries in the dentine of permanent teeth. A report
      of sixteen cases.

PMID- 3864409
TI  - Aspects of oral health in Tasmanian children with varying experience of fluoride.

PMID- 3864410
TI  - Necrotizing sialometaplasia. Case report.

PMID- 3864411
TI  - Hepatitis B: a perspective.

PMID- 3864412
TI  - Retarded skeletal development. Case report.

PMID- 3864413
TI  - The epithelial proprial relations of Meissner's corpuscles in buccal mucosa. An
      electron microscopic study.

PMID- 3864414
TI  - Studies at the Institute of Dental Research, Sydney.

PMID- 3864415
TI  - Hepatitis B and AIDS.

PMID- 3864416
TI  - The short tooth syndrome.

PMID- 3864417
TI  - Surgery for impacted cuspid.

PMID- 3864418
TI  - Concerning the pathogenesis of dental fluorosis.

PMID- 3864419
TI  - Orthodontics for the general practitioner.

PMID- 3864420
TI  - Relapse of duodenal ulcers after cimetidine treatment: idol 'indecently'
      assaulted?

PMID- 3864421
TI  - Disabling neurological complications of amiodarone.
AB  - Five patients developed neurological symptoms during treatment with amiodarone
      for intervals ranging between five and 40 months. In each case the daily
      maintenance dose did not exceed 600 mg. The neurological manifestations included
      gait ataxia, tremor, polyneuropathy, and myopathy. In all five patients, the
      neurological symptoms were severe and disabling. In one patient with a myopathy,
      there was no improvement after amiodarone was withdrawn. The neurological side
      effects of amiodarone may be disabling and are not always reversible with drug
      withdrawal. Neurological complications may arise during treatment with usual
      maintenance doses.

PMID- 3864422
TI  - Chronic relapsing myalgia (? Post viral): clinical, histological, and biochemical
      studies.
AB  - Two patients with persistent myalgia characterised by onset after an ill-defined
      systemic illness, marked fluctuations in the severity of the symptoms, and normal
      neuromuscular examination with the exception of variable muscle tenderness on
      deep palpation, may have a forme fruste of myalgic encephalomyelitis.
      Differentiation from psychogenic muscle pain is important in management. Muscle
      histology revealed non-specific Type II fibre atrophy. Mitochondrial respiration
      was assayed polarographically in intact organelles in vitro and revealed a mild
      depression of State 3 respiration rates with Site I and Site II substrates.

PMID- 3864423
TI  - The use of fibreoptic bronchoscopy with sterile catheter in the diagnosis of
      pneumonia.
AB  - The use of fibreoptic bronchoscopy with sterile catheter sampling of pulmonary
      secretions was evaluated in 70 patients with a provisional diagnosis of
      pneumonia. In 37 patients quantitative analysis of the sterile catheter isolates
      was performed (colony forming units (CFU) per ml). Potential bacterial pathogens
      were isolated in 37 patients and in the quantitative analysis, 14 of 22 isolates
      were grown in counts greater than or equal to 10(3) CFU/ml. Sterile catheter
      increased the bacterial isolation rate as in only 19 patients blood (2) or sputum
      (18) cultures yielded the same organisms. Sputum cultures showed a 25% false
      positive rate in patients with no growth from sterile catheter. Quantitative
      analysis did not yield any further information in patients receiving antibiotics.
      Atypical or fungal pneumonia was diagnosed in 22 patients, while ten patients had
      other pathology simulating pneumonia. Sterile catheter sampling of pulmonary
      secretions at fibreoptic bronchoscopy proved to be a valuable tool in the
      diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia.

PMID- 3864424
TI  - Bodily habitus and mitral valve prolapse.
AB  - We investigated the hypothesis that patients with idiopathic mitral valve
      prolapse (MVP) have distinctive anthropometric characteristics as part of an ill
      defined connective tissue abnormality. In 100 consecutive patients with MVP
      identified at echocardiography, 56 women and 44 men (age range 28-78 years), we
      compared measurements of height, weight, arm span, upper and lower body segments,
      anteroposterior chest diameter, anteroposterior chest diameter/height index, body
      mass index, and metacarpal index with those from an age and sex matched control
      group. We also compared the frequency of thoracic asymmetry in MVP patients and
      controls. Both male and female MVP patients had lower body mass indices than
      their controls (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001,
      respectively). Women with MVP were lighter than their controls (p less than
      0.001) and the same trend was seen in men (p = 0.14). There were no significant
      differences with any of the other measurements or in the frequency of thoracic
      asymmetry. We conclude that patients of both sexes with idiopathic MVP are leaner
      than control subjects but do not otherwise have a specific bodily habitus or an
      increased frequency of thoracic cage abnormalities. The findings do not support
      the hypothesis of an underlying generalised connective tissue abnormality but
      raise the interesting question of why MVP patients should be lean.

PMID- 3864425
TI  - A report of three cases of Yersinia reactive arthritis.
AB  - Three cases of reactive arthritis associated with Yersinia enterocolitica bowel
      infection are reported. In one case Y. enterocolitica was cultured from stools
      while all three exhibited a significant increase in serum antibody titres to Y.
      enterocolitica. These are believed to be the first reports of Yersinia reactive
      arthritis in Australia. Synovial membrane biopsy in one case revealed a mixed
      inflammatory cell infiltrate the appearance of which was quite dissimilar to that
      of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood, but not
      the synovial fluid from another patient had reduced functional activity compared
      to RA patients as determined by response to phytohemagglutinin stimulation and
      allogeneic responses. Large numbers of HLA-DR and acid phosphatase positive
      macrophages were also found in the synovial fluid of this patient. The reason for
      joint involvement in Y. enterocolitica reactive arthritis is unknown and further
      work is necessary.

PMID- 3864426
TI  - Chlamydial endocarditis.
AB  - Echocardiographic diagnosis of a case of endocarditis, subsequently proven to be
      due to a chlamydial organism, is described. Early echocardiographic diagnosis
      guided initial medical management and directed urgent surgical intervention when
      the patient deteriorated. Reported cases of chlamydial endocarditis are reviewed.

PMID- 3864427
TI  - Acute hypersensitivity to ingested processed pollen.
AB  - Ingestion of commercially processed honeybee-collected pollen produced
      potentially fatal consequences in a 19 year old asthmatic male. Symptoms of sore
      throat, facial itch and swelling, difficulty in breathing and stridor lasted for
      approximately two hours and was followed by clinical respiratory distress with
      widespread wheeze on auscultation of his chest. RAST and skin test data suggest
      that these complications appear to be mediated by IgE antibodies directed against
      the processed pollen, but not bee venom. Consumption of processed pollen by
      atopic individuals is, therefore, a potentially hazardous procedure with little
      therapeutic benefit.

PMID- 3864428
TI  - Normal metabolism of debrisoquine and theophylline in a slow tolbutamide
      metaboliser.
AB  - The metabolism of debrisoquine and theophylline has been studied in a healthy
      male who was identified as a slow hydroxylator of tolbutamide. Tolbutamide
      clearance in this subject was three-fold lower than the lowest tolbutamide
      clearance observed in other healthy males and the drug's half-life was
      approximately three-fold longer. Despite this, his ability to 4-hydroxylate
      debrisoquine and both N-demethylate and 8-hydroxylate theophylline was normal.
      Along with previously published information the data from this subject suggest
      that tolbutamide hydroxylation, debrisoquine hydroxylation, theophylline N
      demethylation, and theophylline 8-hydroxylation involve four distinct isozymes of
      cytochrome P-450. Furthermore, this report illustrates the difficulties of using
      the metabolic clearance of a model drug to predict the ability of an individual
      to clear a range of metabolised drugs.

PMID- 3864429
TI  - Theo-Dur: no loss of sustained-release effect with chewing or crushing.

PMID- 3864430
TI  - Ascorbic acid intake, renal function, and urinary oxalate excretion.

PMID- 3864431
TI  - Hepatitis B induced glomerulonephritis, fact or fiction?

PMID- 3864432
TI  - Influence of cimetidine and ranitidine on ethanol pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 3864433
TI  - Vasodepressor carotid sinus syncope.

PMID- 3864434
TI  - Transient hypercalcemia following overdoses of soluble aspirin tablets.

PMID- 3864435
TI  - Acute leucopenia with human fibroblast interferon.

PMID- 3864436
TI  - The extracranial-intracranial bypass study: how will the outcome affect us?
AB  - Extracranial-intracranial bypass is now a commonly performed procedure in centres
      with a high level of neurosurgical and vascular expertise. Bypass of surgically
      inaccessible stenoses or occlusions appears to be a logical technique to prevent
      future stroke but there is much uncertainty about the clinical indications for
      surgery and even the natural history of the lesions being bypassed. To answer
      these questions, the International EC/IC Bypass Study was set up in 1977 with
      relatively broad entry criteria. The data will be analysed in June 1985 and if
      the results support the use of bypass as a means of preventing subsequent stroke,
      the procedure should become firmly established. However, if the results are
      negative, or inconclusive, rather than discard the procedure, subsets of higher
      risk patients should be sought, in particular using newer methods of assessing
      cerebral perfusion and metabolism.

PMID- 3864437
TI  - Exercise testing after myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3864438
TI  - Effects of 100 percent oxygen on the cardiovascular responses to vasoactive
      compounds in the dog.
AB  - Hyperoxia has been shown to disrupt certain membrane bound enzyme systems within
      the pulmonary endothelium which are responsible for the metabolism of several
      endogenous vasoactive compounds. This study was to evaluate whether the potential
      disruption of the prostaglandin dehydrogenase/reductase and angiotensin
      converting enzymes, as a consequence of hyperoxia, would alter the
      activation/deactivation of prostaglandins or the angiotensins (I and II) and
      thereby alter their peripheral cardiovascular actions. Two groups of anesthetized
      dogs, one group ventilated with ambient air and the other with 100% oxygen, were
      given bolus injections of angiotensin I, angiotensin II, prostaglandin E2, sodium
      nitroprusside, and phenylephrine before and during 8 h of exposure to air or
      oxygen. The hyperoxic animals demonstrated a significant increase in mean
      arterial pressure responsiveness to both angiotensin I and angiotensin II. The
      responsiveness to the drugs increased by 41% for angiotensin I and 43% for
      angiotensin II. The ambient air control dogs showed no significant changes for
      any compounds tested. These data indicate that with 8 h of hyperoxia the renin
      angiotensin system's ability to influence cardiovascular function is augmented,
      whereas, the hemodynamic effects of prostaglandins are unaltered.

PMID- 3864439
TI  - Potent inhibition of mammalian progesterone synthesis by 2 alpha
      cyanoprogesterone.
AB  - 2 alpha-Cyanoprogesterone potently inhibits the conversion of [3H]pregnenolone
      into progesterone catalysed by bovine corpora lutea, bovine adrenal cortex and
      human term placenta microsomes (microsomal fractions), yielding IC50
      (concentration causing 50% inhibition) values of 66 nM, 120 nM and 700 nM
      respectively. By contrast, it is an exceedingly poor inhibitor of the
      isomerization of pregn-5-ene-3,20-dione, yielding IC50 values between 50 and 70
      microM. On this basis, 2 alpha-cyanoprogesterone would appear to be an
      extraordinarily selective inhibitor of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.
      Dixon plots indicate that it is a very-tight-binding competitive inhibitor of the
      corpus-luteum enzyme, yielding a Ki of 15 nM. In the bovine adrenal cortex and
      human placenta the steroid is less potent and inhibits the dehydrogenase non
      competitively with Ki values of 150 nM and 1.0 microM respectively. Thus 2 alpha
      cyanoprogesterone inhibits the corpus-luteum dehydrogenase with substantial
      selectivity. Because of its high affinity for the ovarian enzyme, the presence of
      low-micromolar concentrations of 2 alpha-cyanoprogesterone can promote a complete
      cessation of progesterone synthesis in corpora-lutea microsomes for several
      hours. Since this effect is observed in the presence of saturating concentrations
      of pregnenolone (50 microM), it is predicted that this inhibitor may be even more
      potent in vivo. 2 alpha-Cyanoprogesterone displays very low affinity for the
      human progesterone receptor, yielding a Kd of 600 nM as against a Kd of 1.6 nM
      for progesterone. It is suggested that 2 alpha-cyanoprogesterone may be a
      selective inhibitor of ovarian progesterone synthesis and may act as an effective
      anti-gestational agent in vivo.

PMID- 3864440
TI  - Developmental regulation of galactoglycerolipid and galactosphingolipid
      sulphation during mammalian spermatogenesis. Evidence for a substrate-selective
      inhibitor of testicular sulphotransferase activity in the rat.
AB  - The synthesis of sulphatoxygalactosylacylalkylglycerol (SGG) is a differentiation
      marker of mammalian spermatogenesis. Maximal sulphation is observed in rat testis
      at about 20 days after birth and rapidly declines to low levels as the testis
      matures. The present data show that this decline in SGG synthesis is due to the
      appearance of an inhibitor of galactolipid sulphation. The inhibitor is a soluble
      testicular factor which is first detected at about 25 days after birth.
      Testicular homogenate can sulphate exogenous galactosylacylalkylglycerol (GG),
      galactosylceramide (GC) and lactosylceramide (LC) in vitro. The testicular
      inhibitor is most effective in preventing GG sulphation and inhibits GC and LC
      sulphation to a lesser extent; this correlates with the finding that glycolipid
      sulphation shifts from SGG production in 20-day-old testis to GC and LC
      sulphation at later stages of testicular development. The effect of the inhibitor
      on sulphotransferase activity from brain and kidney was also determined. The
      inhibitor decreased the sulphation of GG in vitro by both testis and kidney,
      inhibited testicular sulphation of GC less effectively and had no effect on GC
      sulphation by kidney and brain homogenates. A 9500-fold purification of the
      inhibitory activity has been obtained in a fraction isolated by h.p.l.c.

PMID- 3864442
TI  - An acidic glycosphingolipid, monosialo-ganglioside GM3, is a potent physiological
      inducer for monocytic differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line
      HL-60 cells.
AB  - A remarkable increase in monosialo-ganglioside GM3 was observed during the
      monocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells induced by 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13
      acetate(TPA). On the other hand, when the cells were cultured with exogenously
      added ganglioside GM3 in serum-free conditions, their differentiation along a
      monocytic lineage was demonstrated with simultaneous complete growth inhibition.
      Other gangliosides such as ganglioside GM1 showed no effects on cell
      differentiation, exhibiting instead stimulatory actions on the cell growth. These
      results indicate that a physiologically-existent, membranous ganglioside GM3,
      which specifically increases during monocytic cell differentiation, might play a
      primary role as a trigger in the monocytic cell differentiation.

PMID- 3864441
TI  - Deficiency in the regulation of testicular galactolipid sulphotransferase in rats
      carrying the growth-and-reproduction-complex (grc) gene.
AB  - The regulation of the activity of testicular germ-cell galactolipid
      sulphotransferase was investigated in rats homozygous for the grc (growth and
      reproductive complex) gene. In the adult grc homozygotes, the activity was
      elevated relative to that in the wild-type animals, and a concomitant deficiency
      of a developmentally regulated sulphotransferase inhibitor was found.
      Spermatogenesis in the grc homozygotes is blocked at a stage that correlates
      temporally with the earliest detection of this inhibitor in the wild-type animal.
      In addition, there was a similar increase in the specific activity of the kidney
      galactolipid sulphotransferase in the grc homozygotes. This biochemical
      abnormality is the first to be associated with a genetically regulated,
      developmental defect linked to the major histocompatibility complex, and it is
      related to the pathogenesis of one of the major lesions controlled by the grc.

PMID- 3864443
TI  - Antisera to synthetic peptides of bovine rhodopsin: use as site-specific probes
      of disc membrane changes in retinal dystrophic dogs.
AB  - Based on the amino acid sequence of bovine rhodopsin, five peptides corresponding
      to the carboxyl terminus and one loop region have been synthesized. Rabbit
      antisera to these peptides recognize rhodopsin in whole bovine and dog retinas.
      Antisera were used to detect differences in specific regions of rhodopsin in
      dystrophic vs normal dog retinas. As detected on both "dot blots" and Western
      blots, rhodopsin from retinas of dystrophic dogs has a reduced reaction with
      antisera to peptides, Rhod-4 and Rhod-10 (# 341-348 and 232-239, respectively).
      Since these sites on rhodopsin are possible binding sites for transducin and
      rhodopsin kinase, an alteration in these regions would have profound effects in
      the dystrophic state.

PMID- 3864444
TI  - Comment on report by Collier et al. Association between HLA-DR-linked antigens
      and anticollagen antibodies in humans.

PMID- 3864445
TI  - Chest pain of esophageal origin.

PMID- 3864446
TI  - [Therapeutic progress: vancomycin].

PMID- 3864447
TI  - Sacroiliitis in male systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3864448
TI  - [Suicide attempts in adolescents].

PMID- 3864450
TI  - [Angiocardiographic diagnosis. Coarctation of the aorta].

PMID- 3864449
TI  - [Human exposure to animal rabies in Puerto Rico, 1980-1983].

PMID- 3864451
TI  - Echocardiography cases. Doppler, M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography in
      ventricular septal defect.

PMID- 3864452
TI  - Dietary iron: chemistry and bioavailability.

PMID- 3864454
TI  - Hazards in dentistry: the great debate.

PMID- 3864453
TI  - Effect of acute and chronic ethanol treatment on renal prostaglandins in the rat.
AB  - To study the effects of ethanol on renal prostaglandins (PGs), we gave rats a
      dose of 3.0 g/kg body weight either as a single IP injection (acute treatment) or
      daily IP injections of the same dose for 23 consecutive days (chronic treatment).
      The availability of PG precursors was evaluated from the post mortem accumulation
      of PGF2 alpha in kidney as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,
      and the renal excretion of PGF2 alpha was measured by radioimmunoassay. Acute
      ethanol treatment had no dramatic effect on either tissue levels or urinary
      excretion rate of PGF2 alpha but chronic ethanol treatment significantly lowered
      renal PGF2 alpha levels. In another experiment we employed liquid ethanol diets
      and a pair feeding technique for 12 days to achieve tolerance and physical
      dependence on ethanol. The levels of PGF2 alpha and 6-keto PGF1 alpha were
      measured in kidney in rats killed at 2, 6, and 12 days post-treatment. The kidney
      levels of both prostaglandins were lowered throughout the period of chronic
      ethanol exposure but returned to normal within five days after withdrawal. Thus,
      chronic but not acute ethanol treatment leads to a depletion of the renal stores
      of prostaglandin precursors in the rat.

PMID- 3864455
TI  - Withdrawal of endodontic sealers.

PMID- 3864456
TI  - Dental technician training.

PMID- 3864457
TI  - Practical tips.

PMID- 3864458
TI  - AIDS, hepatitis B and the problems of confidentiality.

PMID- 3864459
TI  - The whitening of acrylic dentures: the role of denture cleansers.

PMID- 3864460
TI  - Removal of fractured endodontic instruments using ultrasonics.

PMID- 3864461
TI  - Surgical division and pulpotomy of a double incisor tooth.

PMID- 3864462
TI  - 'Juliet Bravo': spontaneous improvement in a patient with anterior open bite.

PMID- 3864463
TI  - Optical hazards of blue light curing units: preliminary results.

PMID- 3864464
TI  - The dental role in the identification of the victims of the Bradford City
      Football Ground fire.

PMID- 3864465
TI  - Rikki Fulton in Scottish dental TV commercial.

PMID- 3864466
TI  - 'Prescribing analgesics'.

PMID- 3864467
TI  - The mercury debate.

PMID- 3864468
TI  - What's all the excitement about tartrazine?

PMID- 3864469
TI  - 'Dark-field microscopy of dental plaque'.

PMID- 3864470
TI  - Aspirating techniques.

PMID- 3864471
TI  - Routine six-monthly checks for dental disease?

PMID- 3864472
TI  - Extrinsic tooth discoloration by metals and chlorhexidine. I. Surface protein
      denaturation or dietary precipitation?

PMID- 3864473
TI  - The effects of combined psychological and controlled clinical management of
      preprosthetic surgery patients.

PMID- 3864474
TI  - Atmospheric contamination during use of an air polisher.

PMID- 3864475
TI  - Three-rooted lower first permanent molars in Hong Kong Chinese.

PMID- 3864477
TI  - Orthodontic experience and clinical confidence of the recent dental graduate.

PMID- 3864476
TI  - A case of lingual abscess.

PMID- 3864478
TI  - Alcohol and alcohol problems research. 3. Nordic countries.

PMID- 3864479
TI  - Scoring smack: the illicit heroin market in London, 1980-1983.

PMID- 3864480
TI  - Methadone treatment of opiate dependence in Canada.

PMID- 3864481
TI  - The use of the short-form Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire (SADD) in
      Brazilian alcoholic patients.

PMID- 3864482
TI  - The social victims of drinking.

PMID- 3864483
TI  - Pathological gamblers, heroin addicts and controls compared on the E.P.Q.
      'Addiction Scale'.

PMID- 3864484
TI  - Effects of nicotine chewing gum on smoking cessation in routine clinical use.

PMID- 3864485
TI  - Antitumour imidazotetrazines--XI: Effect of 8-carbamoyl-3-methylimidazo[5,1-d]
      1,2,3,5-tetrazin-4(3H)-one [CCRG 81045; M and B 39831 NSC 362856] on poly(ADP
      ribose) metabolism.

PMID- 3864486
TI  - Acute biphenotypic leukaemia (myeloid and null-ALL type) supervening in a
      myelodysplastic syndrome.
AB  - An acute leukaemia was seen in a 72-year-old patient with a myelodysplastic
      syndrome (MDS) of 14 months duration, who had been treated only with steroids.
      The morphological appearance of the blast cells suggested a poorly differentiated
      cell type. Surface marker analysis, including double staining studies, showed the
      coexistence of a population of null acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) blast
      cells together with acute myeloid leukaemia type cells. No chromosomal
      alterations were detected. The change from a chronic MDS to an acute leukaemia of
      mixed (myeloid and null ALL) type suggests either transformation of a pre
      existing abnormal clone or de novo appearance of two separate leukaemic clones.

PMID- 3864487
TI  - Monosomy 7 and multipotential stem cell transformation.
AB  - Monosomy 7 was the sole karyotypic abnormality seen in a case of biphenotypic
      leukaemia involving both the myeloid and lymphoid lineages and in a case of de
      novo ALL undergoing a phenotypic shift to acute myeloid leukaemia at relapse.
      These observations suggest that monosomy 7 can be associated with transformation
      of a common lymphoid-myeloid progenitor cell.

PMID- 3864488
TI  - Control of acute transformation in chronic granulocytic leukaemia with low-dose
      cytosine arabinoside.

PMID- 3864489
TI  - Chronic granulocytic leukaemia in accelerated stage treated with low dose
      cytosine arabinoside.

PMID- 3864490
TI  - Nuclear protein phosphorylation in isolated nuclei from HeLa cells. Evidence that
      32P incorporation from [gamma-32P]GTP is catalyzed by nuclear kinase II.
AB  - A nuclear system for studying nuclear protein phosphorylation is characterized,
      using as phosphate donor either low levels of [gamma-32P]GTP, low levels of
      [gamma-32P]ATP, or low levels of labeled ATP plus excess unlabeled GTP. Since
      nuclear casein kinase II is the only described nuclear protein kinase to use GTP
      with high affinity, low levels of GTP should specifically assay this enzyme. ATP
      should measure all kinases, and ATP plus unlabeled GTP should measure all kinases
      except nuclear casein kinase II (ATP-specific kinases). The results are
      consistent with these predictions. In contrast with the ATP-specific activity,
      endogenous phosphorylation with GTP was enhanced by 100 mM NaCl, inhibited by
      heparin and quercetin, stimulated by polyamines, and did not use exogenous
      histone as substrate. The GTP- and ATP-specific kinases phosphorylated different
      subsets of about 20 endogenous polypeptides each. Addition of purified casein
      kinase II enhanced the GTP-supported phosphorylation of the identical proteins
      that were phosphorylated by endogenous kinase. These results support the
      hypothesis that activity measured with GTP is catalyzed by nuclear casein kinase
      II, though other minor kinases which can use GTP are not ruled out. Preliminary
      observations with this system suggest that the major nuclear kinases exist in an
      inhibited state in nuclei, and that the effects of polyamines on nuclear casein
      kinase II activity are substrate specific. This nuclear system is used to
      determine if the C-proteins of hnRNP particles, previously shown to be substrates
      for nuclear casein kinase II in isolated particles, is phosphorylated by GTP in
      intact nuclei. The results demonstrate that the C-proteins are effectively
      phosphorylated by GTP, but in addition they are phosphorylated by ATP-specific
      kinase activity.

PMID- 3864491
TI  - Renal prostaglandin E2 synthesis and degradation in the developing rat.
AB  - Postnatal development of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow is
      associated with a fall in renal vascular resistance that may be mediated by
      vasoactive substances. We examined differences in the regulation of one such
      substance, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The present studies examined renal cortical
      and medullary PGE2 synthesis and degradation in rats aged 20 days (30.7 g), 31
      days (101 g), and 120 days (413 g). PGE2 synthesis in cortical microsomes was
      highest in 20-day-old rats compared to 31- and 120-day-old rats. In contrast,
      medullary PGE2 synthesis was lowest in 20-day-old rats compared to 31- and 120
      day-old rats. Both cortical and medullary PGE2 degradation were highest in 20-day
      old rats and decreased with age. Despite demonstrating significant age-dependent
      differences in cortical and medullary PGE2 synthesis, 11 days of aspirin given
      between age 20-31 days blocked PGE2 synthesis in cortex and medulla by 60 and
      76%, respectively, but GFR was similar to control 31-day-old rats (0.78 +/- 0.04
      ml/min/g kidney weight, aspirin-treated, versus 0.85 +/- 0.03 ml/min/g kidney
      weight, control), suggesting that observed age-dependent differences in renal
      PGE2 synthesis is not a major determinant of development of GFR. A more important
      determinant of GFR may be age- related differences in renal cortical
      prostaglandin turnover.

PMID- 3864492
TI  - The HLA system as a genetic marker of affective disorders. Reports on a
      population from central Italy, with comments on methodology.

PMID- 3864493
TI  - Urinary prostaglandin E2 output increases in cesarean section.
AB  - The urinary output of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) during and following Cesarean
      section (CS) was investigated in 21 patients. Urinary PGE2, probably reflecting
      renal production of PGE2, increased about two-fold during anesthesia and surgery
      and persisted for at least one additional hour. PGE2 output also correlated with
      the dose of oxytocin administered. The possibility that renal perfusion may be
      compromised during CS and that increased synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) may
      serve to protect the kidney against ischemia is suggested.

PMID- 3864494
TI  - Lymphoid leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma type continuum, superimposed to
      lymphocyte differentiation step continuum. A proposition for a revised W. H. O.
      lympiioid leukemia-lymphoma categorisation.
AB  - We have classified 200 cases of lymphoid leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (LL
      and L) typed with as many monoclonal antibodies as possible for each case in the
      WHO Leukemia and Lymphoma categorisation modified according to the today
      knowledge of normal cell differentiation. We have found that the lymphoid acute
      leukemias correspond respectively to normal differentiation steps: the
      [microblastic] to the polyvalent stem cell TdT+, Ia+, B4- or to the lymphoid
      progenitor TdT+, Ia+, B4-; the [prolymphoblastic T] to the prothymocyte TdT+,
      OKT11+, OKT10+, 9+, 6-, 4-, 8-; the [prolymphoblastic non T] to the B precursor
      B4+, B1+, J5+, C mu-, sIg-; the [T-macrolymphoblastic] to the OKT6+ thymocyte;
      the [B-macrolymphoblastic] to the large pre-B C mu+; the [prolymphocytic T] to
      the OKT6-, 3+, 4+ and 8+ thymocyte; the [prolymphocytic B] to the small pre-B C
      mu+; the Burkitt's leukemia to a pre-B cell transformed into a lymphoblastoid
      cell sIg mu. The B-CLL is constituted of sIg mu+, gamma-, Ia+, B4+, B1+, FC+
      virgin lymphocytes and the T-cell either of OKT3+, 4+ or of 8+ peripheral T
      lymphocyte, the mantle zone B- lymphoma is constituted of sIg mu+, FC- primary
      lymphocytes. The B-centro-follicular lymphomas are made of sIg mu+, delta+,
      gamma+ either small cell cleaved, or large cell. The Burkitt's and non-endemic
      Burkitt's lymphomas are made of transformed cells into sIg mu+ lymphoblastoid B
      cells. We have described a non-blastic, non-Burkitt's, non-follicular, medium
      cell lymphoma sIg+. The B-immunoblastic lymphoma is sIg mu+, delta-, gamma+,
      FC+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3864495
TI  - [Hyperthermic effect of a trypsin inhibitor in rats and rabbits].
AB  - The influence of intraventricular and intravenous administration of trypsin
      inhibitor (from soya-bean) on the body temperature was studied in experiments on
      unanesthetized rats and rabbits. It was established that the substance provoked a
      steady and prolonged hyperthermia in rats and rabbits, attenuated by pre
      administration of sodium salicylate. Hyperthermia was accompanied by a
      significant decrease in the content of PGE2 in the hypothalamus. The results
      suggest than inhibition of certain trypsin-like serine proteases in
      thermoregulatory centres may be one of the factors responsible for the
      development of fever.

PMID- 3864496
TI  - Use of monoclonal antibodies to identify cerebrospinal fluid lymphoblasts in
      children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - The identification of small numbers of leukemic cells in the cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) presents a diagnostic problem in the treatment of children with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We adapted a latex sphere rosetting technique to
      allow us to identify simultaneously cell surface markers and cell morphology in
      199 CSF samples from 34 patients and 14 control subjects. In patients without
      leukemic meningitis, the majority of CSF lymphocytes (69%) were found to be
      mature T cells positive for OKT11. A much smaller number of cells (8%) were found
      to be B cells positive for la. In these children, only 3% of CSF lymphoid cells
      expressed the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA). Similar
      results were found in the control subjects. By contrast, 28 CSF samples from nine
      children with varying numbers of CSF lymphoblasts had much greater proportions of
      CALLA- and la-positive CSF cells (24% to 96%). Leukemic meningitis was present in
      one of these patients and later developed in four others. However, three patients
      with small numbers of lymphoblasts present but with low proportions of CALLA
      positive CSF cells (less than 5%) subsequently had normal CSF examinations. We
      found the use of this rosetting technique valuable in providing information
      complementary to that obtained from cell morphology alone about the possible
      malignant nature of small numbers of lymphoblast-like CSF cells seen on
      cytocentrifuge preparations in children with ALL.

PMID- 3864498
TI  - Human placental conditioned medium reverses apparent commitment to
      differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL60).
AB  - Using a system of sequential daughter cell transfers in semisolid medium, we have
      analyzed self-renewal and differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells
      (HL60) in presence of all-trans retinoic acid and human placental conditioned
      medium (HPCM). We find that retinoic acid induces coordinated losses of self
      renewal potential which are followed by phenotypic differentiation. The latter
      occurs as an all-or-none event and is reversible in the presence of HPCM. Thus,
      HL60 cells that apparently had terminally differentiated (as estimated by the
      ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium [NBT]) can lose their differentiation
      marker and reenter the proliferative pool.

PMID- 3864497
TI  - Chronic myelogenous leukemia: a multivariate analysis of the associations of
      patient characteristics and therapy with survival.
AB  - The prognostic importance of patient pretreatment clinical and laboratory
      features was investigated in a group of 303 patients with Philadelphia chromosome
      positive benign-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia. Intensive chemotherapy was
      given to 97 patients, and 78 underwent an early elective splenectomy. The overall
      median survival time, dated from hospital admission, was 39 months. Patient
      characteristics associated with shortened survival were age 60 years or older,
      black race, the presence of hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, symptoms, weight loss,
      and poor performance status. Adverse blood and bone marrow parameters were
      anemia, thrombocytosis or thrombocytopenia, a high proportion of peripheral
      blasts plus promyelocytes or of basophils, a high proportion of marrow blasts or
      basophils, decreased marrow megakaryocytes, and cytogenetic abnormalities in
      addition to the Philadelphia chromosome. Several of these factors were
      interrelated. A multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that the
      combination blood basophilia, race, additional cytogenetic abnormalities, age and
      marrow basophilia had the strongest predictive relationship to survival time.
      This resulted in a model segregating patients into low-, intermediate-, and high
      risk groups, with median survivals of 53, 39, and 25 months, respectively.
      Another model was derived that did not include the marrow features and identified
      splenomegaly and platelet counts as adding to the prognosis prediction by blood
      basophilia, race, and age. Evaluation of the effect of therapy, after adjusting
      for differences in prognostic characteristics, showed that intensive chemotherapy
      was associated with survival prolongation among patients at intermediate and high
      risk of death. We conclude that a combination of pretreatment factors identifies
      different risk subcategories in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and is
      helpful in assessing overall prognosis and treatment effect.

PMID- 3864499
TI  - Occurrence of the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen on blast cells of a
      patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in non-lymphoid blastic phase.
AB  - Leukemias showing a conspicuous lymphoid phenotype, ie, those that are HLA-DR
      positive, common acute lymphoblastic antigen (cALLA) positive, terminal
      deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) negative, as well as myeloperoxidase positive
      (MPO), could be considered so-called mixed leukemias. Leukemias with biphenotypic
      blasts have to be distinguished from cases comprising two separate subpopulations
      that express different lineage-associated characteristics. By use of a simple new
      method (Immunogold Staining) we examined a case of chronic myelomonocytic
      leukemia in blastic phase and demonstrated simultaneous staining for MPO/alpha
      naphthyl-esterase and expression of the HLA-DR-positive, cALLA-positive, and TdT
      negative phenotype. The cALL antigen was detected only on mono- and myelo
      monoblasts; its expression was inversely related to the MPO positivity, and it
      disappeared together with these types of blasts after chemotherapy. On the basis
      of our findings it remains obscure whether the cALL antigen at the initial
      presentation was due to the immature monocytic features of the leukemic cells or
      disclosed on additional lymphoid differentiation pattern of the blasts.

PMID- 3864500
TI  - Cytogenetic markers in hematoproliferative disorders.
AB  - In the last decade the improvement of methods of chromosome analysis has allowed
      new insights into the correlation of specific chromosome changes and certain
      types of malignant hematologic disorders. Even if a clear-cut correlation between
      a certain chromosomal marker and a certain malignancy is the exception, it is
      well established that specific chromosome aberrations occur nonrandomly in
      specific tumors. Moreover, it has been shown that so-called cellular oncogenes
      are located on those chromosome regions which are involved in translocations and
      other structural chromosome abnormalities in particular malignant tumors. The
      significance of chromosome alterations in leukemias and lymphomas is illustrated
      by examples concerning well-established data, on the one hand, and findings which
      have still to be confirmed, on the other. This may demonstrate that human tumor
      cytogenetics are a dynamically and vigorously developing branch of cancer
      research.

PMID- 3864501
TI  - Cytogenetic heterogeneity in blast crisis (BC) of chronic myelogenous leukemia
      (CML).
AB  - New cytogenetic findings are reported in a patient who entered into an
      accelerated blastic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The cytogenetic
      findings of this case can be described as 46, xy, t (5;7) (q 31;q 11), t (9;22)
      (q 34;q 11), Ph'. The prognostic implications in such patients with rare and
      unusual cytogenetic findings are discussed.

PMID- 3864502
TI  - [Structural study of the oropharyngeal area at rest].

PMID- 3864503
TI  - [Morphological changes in the head-neck skeleton as a function of age. A
      radiocephalometric study].

PMID- 3864504
TI  - [Myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers of dental epithelial granulomas . A
      transmission electron microscopic study].

PMID- 3864505
TI  - [Action of S. mutans and lactic acid on human enamel protected by a sealant or
      fluoridated compound].

PMID- 3864506
TI  - [Long-term evaluation by the tetracycline labeling technic of the action of
      sodium diclofenac in direct pulp capping].

PMID- 3864507
TI  - Morphogenetic aspects of the stomatognathic apparatus development in the rat.

PMID- 3864508
TI  - [Modeling of the endodontometric sign applied to the irrigant].

PMID- 3864509
TI  - Ultrastructural study on calcification of mantle dentine in the rat.

PMID- 3864510
TI  - Patterns of infant-mother attachments: antecedents and effects on development.

PMID- 3864512
TI  - Professional medical conduct in New York State.

PMID- 3864511
TI  - Attachments across the life span.

PMID- 3864513
TI  - On forming an institutional ethics committee: the dilemmas' dilemma.

PMID- 3864514
TI  - Modulation by endothelium of contractile responses in rat aorta in absence and
      presence of flunarizine.
AB  - The possible modulation by endothelium of phenylephrine- and prostaglandin F2
      alpha-induced mobilization of calcium for contraction in the rat aorta has been
      investigated. Contractions elicited by these and other agonists are inhibited in
      the presence of endothelium. For any single concentration of phenylephrine in the
      presence of endothelium, the initial phasic components of contractions were
      significantly greater, the maximal contractions were achieved sooner and were
      less well maintained as compared to contractions elicited in the absence of
      endothelium. The kinetic characteristics of contractions stimulated by single
      concentrations of PGF2 alpha were similar in the presence and absence of
      endothelium and did not exhibit initial phasic components of contraction. Sub
      maximal contractions-elicited by both PGF2 alpha and phenylephrine in the absence
      of endothelium were inhibited to a greater extent by flunarizine 3 microM than
      equieffective contractions elicited in the presence of endothelium. Maximal
      contractions elicited by phenylephrine (1 microM) were inhibited to a similar
      extent by flunarizine in the presence and absence of endothelium, but maximal
      contractions elicited by PGF2 alpha (30 microM) were inhibited by flunarizine to
      a greater extent in the presence than in the absence of endothelium. It is
      concluded that an endothelium-derived factor, perhaps distinct from endothelium
      derived relaxing factor, can modulate the ability of both phenylephrine and PGF2
      alpha to mobilize calcium for contraction. This modulatory effect is associated
      with an enhanced mobilization of intracellular calcium. Thus, submaximal
      concentrations of both agonists were less dependent on extracellular calcium than
      on intracellular calcium to elicit contractions in the presence of endothelium,
      as compared to contractions elicited in the absence of endothelium.

PMID- 3864515
TI  - Osteogenic sarcoma of the breast: some radiological aspects.

PMID- 3864516
TI  - Ovarian activity and uterine involution in post-partum dairy cows with mild and
      moderate fatty infiltration of the liver.

PMID- 3864517
TI  - The evaluation of the infant dental health education programme developed in
      Sefton.

PMID- 3864518
TI  - Assessing periodontal treatment needs and periodontal status in a study of adults
      in north-west England.

PMID- 3864519
TI  - Anxiety and dental attendance.

PMID- 3864520
TI  - Dosage predictions in high-dose methotrexate infusions. Part 1: Evaluation of the
      classic test-dose protocol.
AB  - A preliminary methotrexate (MTX) kinetic evaluation following administration of
      an IV bolus (test-dose) allowed individualization of high-dose infusions (HD
      MTX). This approach combined with therapeutic drug monitoring was found to have
      good performance over a large scale of predicted steady-state levels (Css) (10(
      5) to 10(-4) M over 24 to 36 h) corresponding to 17 to 650 mg/h deliveries (root
      mean squared error : rmse (precision) = 1.54 X 10(-5) M (21.4%) and mean error :
      me (bias) = 0.043 X 10(-5) M (NS)). However a significative (p less than 0.05)
      but rather low over-estimation of dosage (me = 7.38 X 10(-5) M (14.8%))
      associated to a decrease in the prediction precision (rmse = 13.3 X 10(-5) M
      (26.6%)) occurred in 5 X 10(-4) M predicted Css over 8 h (970 to 1970 mg/h
      deliveries). However in a number of cases (6 out of 29) important deviations from
      predicted Css occurred, implying the need to stop the infusion before 8 h. These
      results indicated that MTX pharmacokinetics was linear from low test-dose bolus
      injections to high-dose infusions. This allowed dosage predictions based upon
      preliminary estimation of MTX clearance and associated to therapeutic drug
      monitoring during and following infusion.

PMID- 3864521
TI  - Atypical promyelocytic leukemia (M3) with immature primary granules and t(15;17).
AB  - An unusual case of acute myeloid leukemia with a standard t(15;17) is described.
      While light microscopy morphology was suggestive of acute myeloid leukemia M5a
      and light microscopy cytochemistry showed 80% of blasts to be strongly positive
      with Sudan Black B--more consistent with a diagnosis of M4--ultrastructural
      analysis demonstrated that the predominant cells were promyelocytes with immature
      primary granules hardly visible with the Romanovsky stains by light microscopy.
      Because typical cytologic and clinical features of M3 or M3 variant were lacking
      this atypical case would not have been recognized but for the presence of
      t(15;17) and the demonstration of promyelocytic features by electron microscopy.

PMID- 3864522
TI  - Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with severe hypodiploidy and one double minute
      chromosome.
AB  - We present a case of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with severe hypodiploidy (38
      chromosomes), complex karyotype, and one double minute chromosome. These unusual
      chromosome findings could be related to the rapid course of the patient's
      disease.

PMID- 3864523
TI  - Chromosome aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of male homosexuals.
AB  - Karyotypes of peripheral lymphocytes of 19 male homosexuals showed increased
      hypodiploidy. Chromosomes #19 and #20 were most frequently lost. Also, structural
      chromosome aberrations frequently occurred consisting chiefly of translocations
      and simple chromosome breaks. Terminal deletions, inversions, and isochromosomes
      occurred less commonly. In three of the cases, 100% of the cells were involved in
      a pericentric inversion of a chromosome #9. Chromosomes #3 in p21.1 and 1 in
      p32.3 were repeatedly affected. Structural aberrations were seen less frequently
      in men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) and AIDS-related complex
      than in asymptomatic homosexuals. The hypodiploidy with preferential loss of
      chromosomes was constantly present. The marker chromosomes and simple breaks at
      repeated sites are another manifestation of damage to the immune system in these
      male homosexuals from Greenwich Village in New York City. The chromosomal damage
      was potentially the result of exposure to amyl and butyl nitrites, viral
      infections, or immunologic reactions to sperm, which crossreact with lymphocytes.

PMID- 3864524
TI  - Partial deletion of chromosome 16 in a case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia
      without marrow hypereosinophilia.

PMID- 3864525
TI  - Comparison of the inhibitory effects of retinoids on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13
      acetate-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activities in CD-1 and Sencar
      mice.
AB  - Linear regression analysis of the dose levels of a series of retinoids required
      ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) induction by 50% indicated that there was no
      significant difference in inhibitory activity between CD-1 and Sencar mice (r =
      0.9699; P less than 0.001). The ID50 values (nmol) found were as follows:
      retinoic acid (0.20, CD-1; 0.29, Sencar); 13-cis-retinoic acid (1.4, CD-1; 1.9,
      Sencar); 4-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8, 8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1E
      propenyl]benzoic acid (0.04, CD-1; 0.03; Sencar); 2-[1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1E
      propeny-2-yl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4, 4-dimethylbenzothiophene (0.08, CD-1; 0.14,
      Sencar); 2-[1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1E-propen-2-yl]3, 4-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2H-1
      benzothiopyran (0.56, CD-1; 0.70, Sencar); 6-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8, 8
      tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid (1.0, CD-1; 0.90,
      Sencar).

PMID- 3864526
TI  - Properties of antitumor anthracyclines and new developments in their application:
      Cain memorial award lecture.
AB  - The established efficacy of doxorubicin in the medical treatment of cancer is
      hampered by dose limiting side effects and lack of activity on major clinical
      tumors. The new derivative epirubicin (4'-epidoxorubicin) is already available
      clinically as a better tolerated drug, with confirmed efficacy on doxorubicin
      responsive diseases. Because of the different orientation of the 4'-hydroxyl, the
      compound is partially detoxified in the human body by beta-glucuronidation. The
      other clinically studied analogue, idarubicin (4-demethoxydaunorubicin), has
      shown clinical activity in leukemias and in breast tumors also when given p.o.
      The properties of idarubicin may be related to electronic factors and to the
      extensive bioconversion to 13(S)-idarubicinol. New lines of investigation are
      introduced. The first is represented by the irreversible DNA binding derivatives
      and is exemplified by the highly potent cyanomorpholino analogues. The second is
      based on the finding that certain structural modifications, such as in the 6
      deoxy derivatives, are accompanied by resistance to enzymic reductive
      deglycosidation, a reaction that converts the anthracyclines to inactive
      compounds in hypoxic conditions. The third line of investigation deals with the
      very lipophilic doxorubicin analogues, among which 4'-deoxy-4'-iododoxorubicin
      has been selected for further preclinical development because of the extended
      spectrum of activity also after p.o. administration and of the cytotoxicity
      exhibited on doxorubicin-resistant murine leukemia cells.

PMID- 3864527
TI  - Changes in glycosphingolipid composition during differentiation of human leukemic
      granulocytes in chronic myelogenous leukemia compared with in vitro granulocytic
      differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60.
AB  - Changes in glycosphingolipid (GSL) composition during differentiation of human
      leukemic granulocytes were investigated qualitatively and quantitatively in
      immature and mature granulocytic cells derived from human chronic myelogenous
      leukemia (CML) cases and were compared with those found in the in vitro
      granulocytic differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cell line.
      Two neutral GSLs, ceramide monohexoside and ceramide dihexoside, and two
      molecular species of gangliosides, one being the ganglio-series ganglioside
      NeuAc(alpha 2-3)Gal(beta 1-4)Glc-Cer (GM3) and the other being the lacto-series
      sialosylparagloboside, were predominant in the granulocytic cells at an early
      maturation stage. During the granulocytic differentiation of CML cells, the
      contents of ceramide dihexoside and paragloboside increased strikingly with a
      concomitant decrease in ceramide monohexoside, and the total amount of neutral
      GSLs increased to about three times as much as that of the most immature
      granulocytic cells, myeloblasts. On the other hand, lacto-series gangliosides,
      with longer sugar moieties increased with a concomitant decrease in ganglio
      series ganglioside GM3, and the ganglioside profile became more complex. The
      total content of ganglioside increased in parallel with the complexity of the
      ganglioside profile. Similar differentiation-associated changes were also found
      in GSL composition during the in vitro granulocytic differentiation of HL-60
      cells. However, a marked difference between the differentiation-dependent change
      in the GSL composition of CML cells and that of HL-60 cells was observed for a
      ganglioside species which was found to be one of the major gangliosides in normal
      neutrophils: in the former, the ganglioside level increased up to the level in
      normal mature granulocytes as the cells differentiated; in contrast, it decreased
      significantly during granulocytic differentiation of the latter cells. When the
      GSL composition of the neutrophils obtained from CML cells, which were apparently
      normal as to morphology, stimulus-induced membrane potential changes, and
      superoxide-producing capacity, was compared with that of normal neutrophils, an
      obvious difference was observed between them, especially with regard to
      ganglioside GM3; the amount of ganglioside GM3 in the former was about one-sixth
      of that in the latter. This finding indicates some alterations in the cell
      membrane structure of neutrophils of CML origin.

PMID- 3864528
TI  - Stimulation of human metastatic melanoma colony-forming cells by an acid
      sensitive factor in human platelet sonicate.
AB  - A human platelet sonicate was evaluated for its effects on the growth of human
      metastatic melanoma colony-forming cells in soft agar from cells in culture and
      from biopsies. The addition of platelet sonicate increased both cloning
      efficiency and proliferative capacity in that more and larger colonies were
      formed. In more detailed studies under growth-limiting conditions, melanoma
      cellular responses to known growth factors were compared to the activity found in
      the platelet sonicate. None of the growth factors tested either alone or in
      combination, including platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor,
      alpha-type transforming growth factor, and beta-type transforming growth factor,
      were capable of inducing melanoma colony formation to the 12-fold stimulation
      observed with the platelet sonicate. Treatment of platelet sonicate with
      dithiothreitol, trypsin, or acid resulted in loss of activity for human melanoma.
      Our results suggest that human platelets contain an acid-sensitive protein which
      can support the expression of the transformed phenotype of human melanoma, and
      this factor is distinct from acid-stable activities previously characterized from
      human platelets.

PMID- 3864529
TI  - Effects of conditioned medium upon proliferation, deoxynucleotide metabolism, and
      antimetabolite sensitivity of promyelocytic leukemic cells in vitro.
AB  - In order to investigate the interaction of factors from leukocyte-conditioned
      medium with leukemic cells, effects of an ammonium sulfate-precipitated
      conditioned medium concentrate were tested upon HL-60 cells. This preparation
      increased tritiated thymidine incorporation into DNA of HL-60 cells markedly, an
      effect which was found to be attributable in large part to greater thymidine
      accumulation in the intracellular nucleotide triphosphate pool. A modestly
      expanded population of DNA synthetic phase cells was also demonstrated by flow
      cytometry. Similar effects were noted of the K562 and KG-1 cell lines and were
      also demonstrable with giant cell tumor-conditioned medium. These effects were
      not demonstrable with a purified preparation of granulocyte-monocyte colony
      stimulated factor. Because of the altered pattern of nucleotide metabolism noted,
      the effect of the conditioned medium concentrate upon 5-fluorouracil sensitivity
      was tested. Following continuous 24-h exposure to 5-fluorouracil at 5 X 10(-6) M,
      tritiated thymidine incorporation of HL-60 cells increased in parallel with
      depletion of endogenous thymidylate. Conditioned medium concentrate markedly
      sensitized cells to this effect of 5-fluorouracil and also increased growth
      retardation, cytotoxicity, and cell cycle arrest as assessed by flow cytometry.
      These studies thus demonstrated marked effects of a factor in conditioned medium
      on deoxynucleotide uptake and metabolism of the HL-60 line. These effects
      occurred in conjunction with, but were relatively more marked than, effects upon
      cell cycle distribution and were found to influence chemotherapy sensitivity.

PMID- 3864530
TI  - Specific uptake of m-[125I]iodobenzylguanidine in the human neuroblastoma cell
      line SK-N-SH.
AB  - The uptake of m-[125I]iodobenzylguanidine (mIBG), a compound structurally
      analogous to the antihypertensive drug guanethidine, was examined in various
      human cell lines. Of three neuroblastoma lines, SK-N-LO, IMR-32, and SK-N-SH,
      only the last showed specific uptake of the compound. In contrast, only a
      nonspecific uptake could be demonstrated for the other neuroblastoma lines, as
      well as for an osteogenic sarcoma line (SAOS-2) and a melanoma line (IgR 3).
      Based on analyses of uptake characteristics from Lineweaver-Burk plots it is
      evident that two different transport mechanisms are responsible for mIBG uptake
      into SK-N-SH cells: a nonspecific diffusion mechanism, and a specific, active
      uptake system. The latter was dramatically reduced at 4 degrees compared to 37
      degrees, as well as in the presence of ouabain or the absence of oxygen. A
      competitive inhibition of the transport of mIBG by norepinephrine was observed.
      When drug-treated SK-N-SH cells were incubated in fresh medium, 20 to 30% of mIBG
      was still retained in the SK-N-SH cells 24 h after the end of incubation with
      mIBG, whereas no mIBG was detectable in SK-N-LO cells already after 1 h.

PMID- 3864531
TI  - Characterization of autostimulatory and transforming growth factors from human
      melanoma cells.
AB  - Serum-free growth of the human malignant melanoma cell line Hs0294 is associated
      with production of transforming growth factor-alpha and an autostimulatory
      melanoma mitogen (melanoma growth-stimulatory activity, MGSA). The transforming
      activity is characterized by stimulation of anchorage-independent growth of
      normal rat kidney fibroblasts and competition with 125I-epidermal growth factor
      for binding to normal rat kidney cells. The second activity, MGSA, stimulates the
      anchorage-dependent growth of human melanoma cells in serum-free culture medium.
      When acetic acid extracts of Hs0294 conditioned medium are subjected to Bio-Gel P
      30 chromatography followed by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography,
      the majority of the transforming growth factor-alpha elutes at 30 +/- 4%
      acetonitrile, while the major peak of MGSA elutes at 35 +/- 3% acetonitrile.
      These data indicate that the anchorage-dependent serum-free growth of the Hs0294
      human melanoma cell line is apparently dependent upon the autostimulatory
      melanoma mitogen, MGSA, which is separable from the 125I-epidermal growth factor
      competing activity produced by these cells.

PMID- 3864532
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptors in immunological subtypes of childhood acute lymphocytic
      leukemia cells: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study.
AB  - Glucocorticoid receptors were quantitated by a whole cell method in cells from
      593 children with acute leukemia at the time of diagnosis. Leukemia cells were
      also immunologically typed and divided into early pre-B- (not reactive with
      antibodies to T-lymphocyte antigens, surface immunoglobulin-negative, cytoplasmic
      immunoglobulin-negative), pre-B- (not reactive with antibodies to T-lymphocyte
      antigens, surface immunoglobulin-negative, cytoplasmic immunoglobulin-positive),
      B- (not reactive with antibodies to T-lymphocyte antigens, surface immunoglobulin
      positive), and T- (reactive with antibodies to T-lymphocyte antigens) subtypes.
      There was a median of 9.7 X 10(3) sites per cell in the 359 with early pre-B
      acute lymphocytic leukemia, a median of 8.1 X 10(3) sites per cell from 103
      patients with pre-B-cell leukemia, and a median of 4.0 X 10(3) sites per cell
      from 116 patients with T-cell leukemia. The distributions per cell were
      significantly different among these 3 groups (P less than 0.0001). The 15
      patients with B-cell disease had a median of 3.2 X 10(3) sites per cell. At the
      time of analysis, remission induction data are available for most of these
      patients. Within the early pre-B- group 291 patients with a median receptor
      number of 9.9 X 10(3) achieved remission, while 13 with a median receptor number
      of 4.8 X 10(3) did not. These distributions were significantly different (P =
      0.034). Within the pre-B- and T-cell groups the distributions of receptor numbers
      for responders and non-responders were not significantly different. We conclude
      that each immunological subtype has characteristic receptor distribution. High
      receptor number within the null group is associated with the ability of the
      patient to achieve remission; however, the range of values within each patient
      group is too broad to use this assay as a predictor of response for any
      individual patient.

PMID- 3864533
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of low-dose 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine given by
      continuous intravenous infusion over twenty-one days.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic parameters of low dose 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara
      C) infusions were studied in 11 patients, 6 males and 5 females, with a mean age
      of 68.5 +/- 13.8 (SD) years. The drug was infused to 4 patients with pre-leukemia
      (refractory anemia with excess blasts), 5 patients with acute myelogenous
      leukemia, and 2 patients with secondary leukemia due to chemotherapy, at a dosage
      of 20 mg/m2/day over 21 days. The patients' blood and urine were analyzed for ara
      C content by radioimmunoassay. Mean steady state plasma levels of 7.7 +/- 4.7
      ng/ml (31.7 +/- 19.3 nM) (n = 189) and a range 0.6 (2.5 nM) (lower limit of
      assay) to 29.7 ng/ml (122.1 nM), with significant inter- and intra-patient
      variations, were reached within about 2.7 h. The plasma levels of ara-C decreased
      rapidly, with a t1/2 alpha of about 12 min following discontinuation of the
      infusion, followed by a very slow t 1/2 beta of about 19 h. Other parameters
      (mean values of 10 or 11 patients) were: area under the curve, 182.1 +/- 64.8 ng
      X day/ml; total body clearance, 188.7 +/- 54.8 liters/h; renal clearance, 3.1 +/-
      1.4 liters/h; volume of distribution at steady state, 53,913 +/- 17,626 liters;
      and recovery of ara-C in urine, 1.43 +/- 0.69% (n = 226) of daily administered
      ara-C. A linear relationship was observed with administered dose when the mean
      plasma levels of our study were compared with the ones reported for conventional
      ara-C infusions. Plasma clearance was comparable to that observed in conventional
      dose, when the observed values were extrapolated to the dose administered in this
      study.

PMID- 3864534
TI  - Clinical experience with the tumor marker Ca 19-9 in an unselected group of more
      than 300 tumor patients.
AB  - Since March, 1983, in vitro tests for the quantitative determination of the tumor
      associated antigen Ca 19-9 (carbohydrate antigen 19-9) were performed in more
      than 300 patients with confirmed tumors. These tests had as a goal determination
      of the diagnostic value of this new potential tumor marker Ca 19-9 with regard to
      specificity and sensitivity of malignant growths in the gastrointestinal tract,
      breast, and lung. The applicability of Ca 19-9 RIA in posttherapeutic case
      control for early registration of recurrences and metastases was examined. First
      analyses of our patient collective confirmed the assumption that increased serum
      concentrations of Ca 19-9 are detectable in gastrointestinal tumors as well as in
      mammary and bronchial carcinoma. Thus Ca 19-9 is a nonspecific tumor-associated
      antigen that by itself does not allow an organ correlation of malignancies of the
      gastrointestinal tract, breast, and lung.

PMID- 3864535
TI  - Clinical significance of cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) in ovarian cancer.
AB  - Cancer antigen 125 (CA 125), a new ovarian cancer-associated antigen, was studied
      by radioimmunological determination of serum concentrations in 58 healthy blood
      donors, in 31 women with benign tumors, and 100 patients with malignant tumors of
      the ovary. Elevated CA 125 levels were found in 5% of normal controls, in 13% of
      women with benign tumors, and in 78% of patients with ovarian cancer. After
      successful antineoplastic treatment, false positive CA 125 values were observed
      in 4% of tumor-free patients. The incidence of pathological CA 125 serum levels
      was found to depend on the histogenetic origin of the ovarian tumors and was
      highest in patients with epithelial serous cystadenocarcinomas (85%). Sequential
      determinations of CA 125 in 27 patients with ovarian cancer under therapy showed
      a concordance in 89% of cases between serum concentrations and clinical courses.
      Elevations of CA 125 were already observed 1-6 months before objective evidence
      of recurrence. Therefore, the determination of serum CA 125 is recommended in the
      surveillance of patients with ovarian cancer.

PMID- 3864536
TI  - Ferritin--a tumor marker in myeloid leukemia.
AB  - High serum ferritin levels without any correspondence to the amount of total body
      storage iron have been found in patients with leukemia. Investigating 96 adults
      with different types of leukemia, we found that serum ferritin can be used as a
      tumor marker in myeloid leukemias. Extremely high serum ferritin levels were seen
      in acute myeloblastic leukemia before treatment and in blastic crisis of chronic
      myeloid leukemia (ie, 21-fold increased serum ferritin concentrations). Patients
      with acute myeloblastic leukemia in complete remission had their ferritin
      concentrations decreased to normal. A relapse of the disease was paralleled by a
      repeated increase of serum ferritin level. In patients with chronic myeloid
      leukemia during the chronic phase we found normal serum ferritin concentrations,
      whereas blast crisis was associated with highly raised serum ferritin levels. We
      conclude that serum ferritin concentration must be valued as a clinically useful
      tumor marker in these types of leukemia, exhibiting a helpful and simple
      parameter in monitoring the activity of the disease.

PMID- 3864537
TI  - Cytogenetics and flow cytometry may predict phenotype of CML blast crisis.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) and the Philadelphia
      chromosome (Ph1) were monitored using cytofluorometry and cytogenetics. During
      chronic phase, abnormal populations could be detected using commercially
      available monoclonal antibodies. These abnormal populations fell into two
      categories based on the presence or absence of HLA.DR. Patients with HLA.DR+
      abnormal cells showed no clonal evolution and progressed to lymphoid blast
      crisis. Patients with HLA.DR- abnormal cells exhibited chromosomal abnormalities
      in addition to the Ph1 and progressed to a myeloblastic acute phase.

PMID- 3864538
TI  - 5q - marker chromosome in acute leukemia with lymphoid morphology and myeloid
      differentiation antigens.
AB  - We present three patients, two children and one adult, with an unusual type of
      acute leukemia. Whereas the blast cells showed lymphoid morphology with
      correlating cytochemical staining, immunological phenotyping showed a pure
      myeloid in one and a biphenotypic (mixed lymphoid/myeloid) membrane marker
      profile in two of the patients. Cytogenetic studies revealed a 5q - chromosome as
      a common marker with additional individual changes. Two of the patients who were
      treated according to ALL-therapy protocols died without remission 5 and 4 weeks
      after diagnosis, respectively. Despite relapsing several times, the third patient
      survived for over 8 years. These three patients seem to represent one new
      subgroup of leukemias which can only be distinguished from typical ALL by
      determination of both cell surface markers and cytogenetic analysis.

PMID- 3864539
TI  - The relationship between dental caries and tooth enamel fluoride.

PMID- 3864540
TI  - Posteruptive maturation of tooth enamel studied with the electron microprobe.

PMID- 3864541
TI  - Enamel lesion formation with and without 0.12 ppm F in solution.

PMID- 3864542
TI  - In vivo effect of a fluoridating varnish with various fluoride contents on human
      enamel.

PMID- 3864543
TI  - Effect of salivary lysozyme on glucose incorporation and acid production in
      Streptococcus mutans.

PMID- 3864544
TI  - Effect of a school-based plaque control programme on the microbiology of dental
      plaque.

PMID- 3864545
TI  - Time dependence of F uptake in demineralized enamel from 1,000-ppm fluoride NaF
      and Na2FPO3 solutions. A secondary ion mass spectrometric study.

PMID- 3864546
TI  - Effect of fluoride, lithium or strontium on acid production by pelleted human
      dental plaque.

PMID- 3864547
TI  - Effect of two recently developed antiseptics on dental plaque and caries in rats.

PMID- 3864549
TI  - Plasma fluoride levels in 9 children with acute lymphatic leukaemia using daily
      self-applied fluoride gels.

PMID- 3864548
TI  - Comparison of the cariostatic effect of topically and systemically administered
      controlled-release fluoride in the rat.

PMID- 3864550
TI  - In vitro thymidine labelling in human and porcine growth plates.
AB  - An in vitro technique has been used to label dividing cells in the growth plates
      of human bones with tritiated thymidine. The patterns of labelling in
      autoradiographs of human plates are described and values given for the labelling
      index, the number of cells in the proliferation zones and the heights of
      hypertrophied cells. In two of the four subjects no labelled cells were found in
      the growth plates and possible causes for these failures are discussed. In vitro
      labelling data on five porcine growth plates are also presented for comparison
      with the human data. In both structure and cell kinetics the epiphyseal cartilage
      plate in the pig is intermediate between the human and rodent plates.

PMID- 3864551
TI  - Dental manpower: feeling the crunch of inflation, baby boomers and prevention.

PMID- 3864552
TI  - Dental manpower: the academic dilemma.

PMID- 3864553
TI  - Treatment of horizontal mid-root fractures: 3 case reports.

PMID- 3864554
TI  - Dental fear and its implications for dental practice.

PMID- 3864555
TI  - AIDS. Unknowing exposure to AIDS: dental personnel on the front line.

PMID- 3864556
TI  - Treatment of dental fear in the dental office.

PMID- 3864557
TI  - Psychological treatment for dental fear.

PMID- 3864558
TI  - Dental fear and anxiety in children.

PMID- 3864559
TI  - [Evaluation of the response of malignant bone tumors to chemotherapy].

PMID- 3864560
TI  - Comparison of hemodynamic effects of morphine, butorphanol, buprenorphine and
      pentazocine on ICU patients.
AB  - Morphine and narcotic agonist-antagonists have been used to assist ICU patients
      in adapting to mechanical ventilation. In this study, 10 mg of morphine and the
      equipotent doses of synthetic analgesics, 2 mg of butorphanol, 0.6 mg of
      buprenorphine or 30 mg of pentazocine were administered intravenously to 29
      patients requiring a ventilator. Hemodynamic effects on the heart rate, mean
      arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac index, stroke index, left ventricular stroke
      work index, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP), pulmonary capillary wedge
      pressure (PCWP) and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were
      measured. The hemodynamic effects of the four drugs were mild and not
      statistically significant except for the reduction in PCWP and the increase in
      PVR after morphine and the increase in MAP and MPAP after pentazocine
      administration. These doses of the four drugs could be given safely even in
      critically ill patients. The hemodynamic effects of these analgesics showed a
      similarity between the administration of butorphanol and morphine, and between
      buprenorphine and pentazocine. This study demonstrates that morphine and
      butorphanol are preferred to the cases with hypertension, increased pulmonary
      arterial pressure or wedge pressure and that pentazocine and buprenorphine are
      more suitable for the cases with hypotension or hypovolemia.

PMID- 3864561
TI  - Dental survey in Nigeria. Part 2. Biting force of Nigerian.
AB  - The biting force of 855 Nigerian children and adults from the age of 3 to 60 was
      recorded in the Joint Dental Epidemiological Survey in Nigeria in 1981. The
      biting force of the Nigerian rural group (245 males and 178 females) was
      significantly greater than those of the Nigerian urban group (227 males and 203
      females) and the Japanese males and females.

PMID- 3864562
TI  - Masticatory rhythm analyzing method and clinical application.
AB  - The rhythm of mastication is one of the important factors in evaluating the
      masticatory function. This masticatory rhythm should be observed from both the
      mandibular movements and masticatory muscular activities. In addition, the
      changes in the rhythm from the beginning to the end of the mastication process
      should be reflected by the chosen parameters. In order to achieve this, a new
      analyzing method was devised in which the electromyographic burst duration time
      was divided into three divisions based upon the mandibular movement phase, and
      two parameters were chosen to represent the rhythm. In this paper, the new method
      was used on the patients with a temporomandibular joint dysfunction and patients
      who had a mandibular segmental resection in order to evaluate its validity and
      clinical applicability. By the comparison of the masticatory rhythms before and
      after treatment, the effectiveness of this analyzing method in evaluating the
      masticatory functions was shown.

PMID- 3864563
TI  - Criterion for early prediction of coronary artery involvement by clinical
      manifestations in patients with Kawasaki disease.
AB  - One hundred and thirty patients with Kawasaki disease were examined by the
      clinical symptoms and findings in order to predict the coronary artery
      involvement in the early stage. These patients were tested by the two-dimensional
      echocardiography iteratively from the acute stage and categorized into the
      following three groups: Normal coronary artery, transient dilatation of the
      coronary artery and aneurysm of the coronary artery persisting eight weeks or
      more after the onset of the illness. Eighteen clinical symptoms and findings
      within the 14th, 21st and 35th day of the illness were studied. As a result of
      analysis, a criterion for the early prediction of the coronary artery involvement
      by clinical manifestations was established as follows: The patients who satisfy
      the following or are highly suspectable of having a coronary artery involvement:
      Fever persisting for 14 days or more. Fever persisting for 10 to 13 days, and
      when two or more out of the following four conditions are satisfied: The age at
      the onset of the illness is under one year. The lowest value of hemoglobin is
      10.0 g/dl or less. The highest white blood cell count is 14000/cmm or more. The
      lowest value of serum albumin is 3.5 g/dl or less. Two false negative cases
      (6.5%) were recognized in 31 of the high risk group. Twenty-two false positive
      cases (22.2%) were observed in 99 of the normal group. One hundred and six cases
      out of the 130 cases (81.5%) satisfied this criterion. Therefore, this criterion
      was concluded to be useful to predict the coronary artery involvement in the
      earlier stage of the illness.

PMID- 3864564
TI  - A look at saliva: the salivary antibacterial proteins.

PMID- 3864565
TI  - Differing patterns of cytotoxicity of the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol
      13-acetate in various human cell strains.
AB  - Inhibition of colony formation by the phorbol ester tumor promoter 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) over a wide range of concentrations (10(-4)
      10(2) ng/ml) was examined in two normal human diploid fibroblast strains and
      eight cell lines derived from various human tumors. Three dose-response patterns
      were observed: (i) no killing at any dose, which is characteristic of rodent
      cells; (ii) increasing cytotoxicity with TPA doses of 0.1 ng/ml or greater; and
      (iii) a biphasic response with maximal cytotoxicity at 1.0 ng/ml, and minimal
      effects at much lower or higher concentrations. The latter response group
      included both normal and tumor cell strains. When normal cells were incubated
      concurrently with superoxide dismutase or CuDIPS, survival was enhanced in a dose
      dependent manner. Specific binding of [3H]PDBu to cells from each of the three
      response categories was studied to determine whether the cells might contain two
      classes of specific phorbol ester receptors. Scatchard plots yielded straight
      lines, consistent with one class of binding sites. The possible significance of
      this cytotoxic effect of TPA in human cells at dose levels usually considered
      typical for specific phorbol ester responses is discussed.

PMID- 3864566
TI  - Affective disorder in bulimic anorexics and their families.

PMID- 3864568
TI  - 5 Alpha-reductase activity in human prostate cancer is related to the
      histological differentiation of the tumour.
AB  - We have measured the activities of two androgen metabolizing enzymes in tissue
      obtained from thirty-nine patients with carcinoma of the prostate (CaP). The
      enzyme activities were correlated to the histological differentiation of the
      tumours based on the Gleason Score and also compared to the activities measured
      in fourteen age matched patients with nodular prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
      Although the mean values for the 5 alpha-reductase in CaP (9.29 +/- 1.47 pmol/mg
      protein/30 min) were found to be significantly lower than the corresponding
      values in BPH (16.26 +/- 3.04 pmol/mg protein/30 min) (P less than 0.05), there
      were nonetheless significant differences within the cancer group and these were
      totally dependent on the degree of differentiation of the tumour. A progressively
      suppressed enzyme activity was measured as the carcinomatous tissue became more
      anaplastic. No correlation was, however, observed between tumour bulk which was
      also estimated histologically and 5 alpha-reductase, indicating that the activity
      of this enzyme is purely a function of the histological grade of the cancer and
      as such 5 alpha-reductase could be used as a biochemical marker for tumour
      differentiation. We also measured the 3 alpha (beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
      activities in cancer of the prostate but our findings indicated no significant
      differences between the various stages of the cancer. Furthermore we were unable
      to correlate the activities of this enzyme with that of the 5 alpha-reductase.
      Nonetheless two interesting patterns relating to the 3 alpha (beta)
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase emerged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3864567
TI  - Abnormal androgen and oestrogen metabolism in men with steroid sulphatase
      deficiency and recessive X-linked ichthyosis.
AB  - Serum levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone, free
      testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone
      sulphate, oestradiol, oestrone, oestrone sulphate, FSH, and LH were measured in
      20 steroid sulphatase-deficient men with recessive X-linked ichthyosis and in
      normal men. The serum oestrone sulphate level was significantly higher than
      normal in the patients (P less than 0.0001). In affected men, there was a
      tendency towards higher dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels and no decline
      with age was seen in the patients as opposed to normal men (interaction: P less
      than 0.025). Serum androstenedione, and oestradiol levels were lower than normal
      in the patients (P less than 0.0005 and P = 0.055, respectively), while their LH
      level was higher than normal (P less than 0.0005). The serum levels of SHBG,
      total and free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, oestrone, and FSH were not
      significantly different from normal in the icthyotic patients. We suggest that
      the observed abnormalities in these patients are a consequence of the enzyme
      deficiency which severely impairs the ability of tissues to hydrolyse steroid
      sulphates.

PMID- 3864570
TI  - A method of recording the interocclusal relationship of the teeth.

PMID- 3864569
TI  - Natural killer cells in normal pregnancy: analysis using monoclonal antibodies
      and single-cell cytotoxicity assays.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (nylon wool non-adherent) from healthy pregnant
      women and normal non-pregnant females were tested for natural killer (NK) cell
      mediated cytotoxicity against K562 target cells both by 51Cr-release assay and
      single-cell cytotoxicity assay in agarose. The results indicated depression of NK
      cytotoxicity in pregnancy due to a decrease in the proportion of target-binding
      lymphocytes as well as a reduction in the lytic capacity of target-bound cells.
      The ability of active pregnancy-associated NK lymphocytes to recycle appeared to
      be unimpaired. Analysis of lymphocyte populations with monoclonal antibodies
      recognizing NK cell-associated antigens showed that the number of Leu-11+
      lymphocytes was reduced in pregnancy. Enumeration of Leu-7+ cells and correlation
      of NK cell subpopulation data with cytotoxicity assay data suggest that pregnancy
      is associated with a reduction in the number of mature NK cells and probably also
      an inhibition of post-binding lytic activity.

PMID- 3864571
TI  - Treatment considerations for the patient about to undergo ritual immersion.

PMID- 3864572
TI  - The use of calcium hydroxide in endodontic therapy.

PMID- 3864573
TI  - Gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy in pulmonary embolism.
AB  - Eight cases of pulmonary embolism were evaluated with Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy.
      Of the eight patients, all but one showed evidence of abnormal Ga-67 citrate
      localization within involved regions of the lung as demonstrated by ventilation
      perfusion lung scintigraphy. The sole patient who did not demonstrate Ga-67
      localization within the lung had marked breast accumulation of the radiotracer
      which may have obscured lung parenchymal uptake. Since Ga-67 citrate is known to
      accumulate within inflammatory lung processes, this radiotracer would not have a
      specific role in differentiating pulmonary embolism from these conditions. This
      study disagrees with the results of other studies in the medical literature that
      describe such a role.

PMID- 3864574
TI  - Absence of gallium-67 avidity in diffuse pulmonary calcification.
AB  - Diffuse pulmonary uptake by bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals has been reported
      previously but, in the same patient, would pulmonary uptake of Ga-67 citrate
      yield clinically meaningful results? A patient with hypercalcemia and renal
      failure in whom bone scintigraphy demonstrated striking diffuse bilateral
      pulmonary uptake, but subsequent gallium imaging demonstrated no evidence of
      pulmonary uptake greater than body background, is discussed. We conclude that
      pulmonary uptake of gallium cannot be attributed to calcium deposition and should
      carry the same clinical significance in regard to inflammatory and malignant
      lesions as would be assigned to patients without pulmonary calcific deposits.

PMID- 3864575
TI  - Abdominal carcinomatosis secondary to ovarian carcinoma imaged by diphosphonate
      scanning.

PMID- 3864576
TI  - Spontaneous remission of cryptosporidiosis in a child with acute lymphocytic
      leukemia.
AB  - Cryptosporidiosis has been documented in pediatric patients with various forms of
      congenital and acquired immunodeficiency. This is a report of cryptosporidiosis
      in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Cryptosporidiosis, an uncommon cause
      of diarrhea, may produce severe diarrhea in children with acute lymphocytic
      leukemia.

PMID- 3864578
TI  - American Burkitt's lymphoma misdiagnosed as a maxillary odontogenic infection.

PMID- 3864577
TI  - Comparison of the effects of different anti-inflammatory drugs on synovial fluid
      prostanoid concentrations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The effects of one-day treatment with nine nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
      and prednisolone on human synovial fluid concentrations of prostanoids were
      studied. The doses were calculated so as to be approximately equipotent according
      to clinical experience and the recommendations of the manufacturers. Most of the
      drugs used reduced clearly PGE2 and TxB2 levels in synovial fluid, but only a
      slight diminution in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha values was found. Carprofen, diclofenac,
      indomethacin, naproxen and tolfenamic acid reduced significantly the synovial
      fluid PGE2 concentrations. Diclofenac and indomethacin also reduced significantly
      the synovial TxB2 concentrations.

PMID- 3864579
TI  - Clinical techniques for the placement of calcium hydroxide.

PMID- 3864580
TI  - Endodontic management of teeth with calcific metamorphosis.

PMID- 3864582
TI  - A survey of postoperative pain associated with endodontic therapy.

PMID- 3864581
TI  - Anterior composite resin build-ups and posterior fixed and removable bridgework:
      an alternative to complete fixed bridgework to restore severe retrograde wear.

PMID- 3864583
TI  - Restorative treatment of dentinogenesis imperfecta in a young adult.

PMID- 3864584
TI  - Pain control in dentistry: psychologic factors that modify the perception of
      pain.

PMID- 3864585
TI  - Clinical guidelines for intentional replantation.

PMID- 3864586
TI  - Is there a future for private education?

PMID- 3864588
TI  - Computers and dental management.

PMID- 3864587
TI  - Oral cancer: the curable disease with a high mortality rate.

PMID- 3864589
TI  - Facilitating immune reaction in pregnancy and cancer.

PMID- 3864590
TI  - The 1985 human gene map and human gene mapping in 1985.

PMID- 3864591
TI  - Report of the Committee on the Genetic Constitution of Chromosomes 3 and 4.

PMID- 3864592
TI  - Report of the Committee on the Genetic Constitution of Chromosomes 5 and 6.

PMID- 3864593
TI  - Report of the Committee on the Genetic Constitution of Chromosomes 7, 8 and 9.

PMID- 3864594
TI  - Report of the Committee on the Genetic Constitution of Chromosomes 10, 11, and
      12.

PMID- 3864595
TI  - Report of the Committee on the Genetic Constitution of Chromosomes 13, 14, 15 and
      16.

PMID- 3864596
TI  - Report of the Committee on the Genetic Constitution of Chromosomes 17, 18 and 19.

PMID- 3864597
TI  - Report of the Committee on the Genetic Constitution of Chromosomes 20, 21, and
      22.

PMID- 3864598
TI  - Report of the Committee on the Genetic Constitution of the X and Y Chromosomes.

PMID- 3864599
TI  - Report of the Committee on Unassigned Linkage Groups.

PMID- 3864600
TI  - Report of the Committee on Methods of Linkage Analysis and Reporting.

PMID- 3864601
TI  - Report of the Committee on Human Gene Mapping by Recombinant DNA Techniques.

PMID- 3864602
TI  - Report of the Committee on Chromosome Rearrangements in Neoplasia and on Fragile
      Sites.

PMID- 3864603
TI  - Report of the Committee on the Genetic Constitution of Chromosomes 1 and 2.

PMID- 3864604
TI  - The 1985 Catalog of Mapped Genes and report of the Nomenclature Committee.

PMID- 3864606
TI  - [Erythema exudativum multiforme of the oral mucosa].

PMID- 3864605
TI  - [The condition of the pulp and periapical periosteum after intravital amputation
      in dog molars and premolars].

PMID- 3864607
TI  - [Late results of treatment of facial bone fractures in children].

PMID- 3864608
TI  - [Case histories of orthodontic treatment in adults].

PMID- 3864609
TI  - [Para-functions of the masticatory system in adults].

PMID- 3864610
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of histological studies of the gingiva and levels of
      prostaglandin-like substances in cases of deep inflammatory periodontal disease].

PMID- 3864611
TI  - [Effect of rinses with saline from the Edward spring in Kamien Pomorski on the
      condition of the periodontium].

PMID- 3864612
TI  - [The importance of tartar removal in the prevention and treatment of
      periodontitis].

PMID- 3864613
TI  - [Oral hygiene status and periodontal condition in children 3-6 years of age
      living in Belchatow].

PMID- 3864614
TI  - [Dental practice, thermalism and thalassotherapy in the U.S.S.R].

PMID- 3864615
TI  - [Local tolerance testing of grinazole implanted in bone].

PMID- 3864616
TI  - [Use of helium neon lasers. Reflections after clinical observations].

PMID- 3864617
TI  - [From the unit to the cart].

PMID- 3864618
TI  - [The Kirschner transfixed reimplantation. Apropos of a limited case].

PMID- 3864620
TI  - [Epidemiologic research. The sine-qua-non condition of progress in geriatric
      dentistry].

PMID- 3864619
TI  - [Tissue response to 2 canal obturation pastes in the long bones of Cavia
      procellus].

PMID- 3864621
TI  - [Fixed dentures in geriatric dentistry].

PMID- 3864622
TI  - [Complete dentures in geriatric dentistry].

PMID- 3864623
TI  - [Amoxicillin in the prevention and treatment of orodental infections].

PMID- 3864624
TI  - [Handling details of the Canal Finder during different phases of endodontic
      procedures].

PMID- 3864625
TI  - [Clinical study of a homeopathic gingivo-dental paste in gingivitis].

PMID- 3864626
TI  - [Dentist's "elbow"].

PMID- 3864627
TI  - [Observations on the 4th Post Graduate Course on Bone Tumors, Bologna, September
      24-28, 1984].

PMID- 3864628
TI  - Value of serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA, and gastrointestinal
      cancer antigen, GICA or CA 19-9, for preoperative staging and postoperative
      monitoring of patients with colorectal carcinoma.
AB  - Serum levels of gastrointestinal cancer antigen (GICA) and carcinoembryonic
      antigen (CEA) were determined in 167 patients with colorectal carcinoma. Eighty
      eight patients were studied preoperatively, and 79 postoperatively, before, at
      the time of, and after the diagnosis of relapse. The authors aimed to assess how
      often the GICA test failed, i.e., was false-negative in patients in whom the CEA
      test was true-positive and, more importantly, whether it could give diagnostic
      information in patients in whom the CEA test failed. Before surgery, serum GICA
      gave similar information to serum CEA in 56 percent of the patients: true
      positive in 18 percent and false-negative in 38 percent; less information in 42
      percent; and more information in only 2 percent. During the postoperative follow
      up, serum GICA gave similar information to serum CEA in 55 percent of the
      patients: true-positive (i.e., rising persistently from a postoperative nadir) in
      27 percent and false-negative in 28 percent; less information in 44 percent; and
      more information in only 1 percent. Therefore, this test in its present version,
      where both the catcher and the tracer antibody are the same, NS 19-9, is
      redundant.

PMID- 3864629
TI  - Influence of prednisolone on gastric alkaline response in rat stomach. A possible
      explanation for steroid-induced gastric lesion.
AB  - Exposure of the rat stomach for 10 min to 1 M NaCl produced an increase of
      luminal pH (alkaline response) with a concomitant reduction of the transmucosal
      potential difference (PD) and an increased generation of mucosal prostaglandins
      of E2 and 6-keto F1 alpha. Prednisolone (3-50 mg/kg), given subcutaneously 4 hr
      before exposure to 1 M NaCl, dose-dependently inhibited alkaline response without
      affecting the PD reduction, and at 50 mg/kg completely prevented the increased
      production of mucosal prostaglandins after exposure to 1 M NaCl. The inhibitory
      effect of prednisolone on alkaline response was significantly antagonized by
      pretreatment with 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (16,16-dmPGE2) (3
      micrograms/kg) or cycloheximide (1.5 mg/kg). A repeated administration of
      prednisolone (3-50 mg/kg), once daily for 4 days, produced gastric lesions dose
      dependently. At 50 mg/kg, gastric lesions appeared after administration of this
      drug for more than 2 days, and the inhibition of alkaline response caused by 1 M
      NaCl became more potent as the days of treatment increased. Either 16,16-dmPGE2
      (10-100 micrograms/kg) or cycloheximide (1 or 3 mg/kg), given daily in two
      divided doses for 4 days, dose-dependently inhibited formation of gastric lesions
      in response to prednisolone (50 mg/kg). These results indicate that prednisolone
      inhibits gastric alkaline response caused by 1 M NaCl by reducing generation of
      endogenous prostaglandins. The weakened self-defense mechanisms caused by
      prednisolone may be involved in the pathogenesis of steroid-induced gastric
      lesions.

PMID- 3864630
TI  - Chromosomal markers in study of colon cancer.

PMID- 3864631
TI  - The DC-ERG as a highly sensitive measure of effects of prostaglandins.
AB  - A few microliters of a prostaglandin preparation (PGE2 or PGF2 alpha) were
      injected via the ora serrata into the posterior vitreous of one of the eyes in
      albino rabbits. The fellow eye received an equal volume of saline intravitreally
      and served as control. The DC electroretinogram (ERG) and the standing potential
      of the eye (SP) were recorded directly with corneal contact lenses, very stable
      calomel electrodes, and under very constant anesthesia. The b- and c-wave
      amplitudes increased in response to 0.1 and 1.0 microgram of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha,
      respectively. At medium doses there was an increase in the b- and c-wave
      amplitudes followed by a long-lasting reduction. At very high, nonphysiological
      doses of PGE2, b- and c-wave amplitudes decreased as compared with the control
      eye. Prostaglandins modify inflammatory reactions, influence ion transport across
      membranes, modulate synaptic transmission, and regulate blood flow to various
      organs. Effects of extremely low doses on the retina and pigment epithelium might
      indicate a transmitter-like nature of prostaglandins. The present experimental
      model might be of use in studies of inflammatory eye disease, prostaglandin
      inhibitors, and characteristics of the pigment epithelial membranes.

PMID- 3864632
TI  - Imipenem/cilastatin efficacy evaluated.

PMID- 3864633
TI  - [Cytotoxic properties of mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood of healthy
      persons].

PMID- 3864634
TI  - Controlled release of medicaments in endodontic therapy.

PMID- 3864635
TI  - Early tissue reaction to endodontic filling materials.

PMID- 3864636
TI  - Accuracy of an electronic apex locator under controlled clinical conditions.

PMID- 3864637
TI  - Biologic root-end closure on a traumatized and surgically resected maxillary
      central incisor: an alternative method of treatment.

PMID- 3864638
TI  - Divergent types of repair associated with root fractures in maxillary incisors.

PMID- 3864639
TI  - Stimulation of HLA-A,B,C by IFN-alpha. The derivation of Molt 4 variants and the
      differential expression of HLA-A,B,C subsets.
AB  - Spontaneous mutants with altered HLA-A,B,C response to interferon-alpha (IFN
      alpha) were isolated from the human thymus leukemia cell line Molt 4. Using
      fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated W6/32 (a monoclonal antibody to HLA
      A,B,C) and the fluorescence-activated cell sorter, the cells with highest and
      lowest fluorescence after 24-48 h of IFN-alpha treatment were selected and
      expanded. After several cycles of selection, mutant clones with low (greater than
      10% of wild-type) and high (three times better) response were obtained. A similar
      protocol was employed to derive high responder mutants with the monoclonal
      antibody YT76, which recognises a subset of HLA strongly induced by IFN-alpha.
      Stable clones were derived for which YT-HLA induction was 7-fold that of Molt 4
      cells and for which HLA induction occurred at 100-fold lower concentrations of
      IFN-alpha. The high response phenotype of the mutants was not accompanied by a
      significant increase in the constitutive level of expression of HLA-A,B,C (in the
      absence of IFN). The increase in the level of HLA-A,B,C expression after IFN
      alpha treatment is mostly accounted for by the increase in the expression of a
      subset of HLA molecules, detected by the monoclonal antibody YT76 including HLA-B
      molecules.

PMID- 3864640
TI  - Enoxacin in the treatment of bronchopulmonary infections.

PMID- 3864641
TI  - Prostaglandins, steroids and human mammary cancer.
AB  - PGE2 and PGF2 alpha secretion in vitro were measured from tissues of patients
      with breast tumours and examined in relation to oestrogen receptor status.
      Prostaglandin secretion was significantly greater from malignant breast tumours
      than from 'normal' breast tissue or benign tumours. Synthesis of PGE2 by
      oestrogen-positive and malignant tumours was significantly higher than by
      oestrogen-negative tumours, suggesting a correlation between prostaglandin E2 and
      receptor status. Synthesis of PGF2 alpha by the malignant tumour tissues also
      occurred, but only at relatively low levels and with no significant difference
      between oestrogen-positive and negative tissues. Exogenous oestrogen in vitro had
      a significant stimulatory effect on both PGE2 and PGF2 alpha secretion by
      oestrogen-positive malignant tumour tissues but did not influence oestrogen
      negative tumour tissues. Progesterone, on the other hand, had no statistically
      significant effect on PG secretion by either type of tumour tissue, although the
      increased levels of PGE2 secreted by oestrogen-positive tumour tissue in the
      presence of progesterone are unlikely to have arisen by chance. The results
      support the concept of steroidal influence on excess production of prostaglandins
      by human malignant breast tumour tissues.

PMID- 3864642
TI  - Selective expression of class-II MHC antigens during hemopoietic differentiation.
AB  - Human multipotential or "mixed" bone marrow colony-forming cells and lineage
      restricted colony-forming progenitors have been analyzed by cell sorting (FACS)
      using a series of monoclonal antibodies. The latter all react with monomorphic
      class-II MHC glycoprotein determinants but differ in their reactivity or cross
      reactivity with products of different loci, i.e., SB (DP), DC (DQ), DR. The
      results confirm that very few progenitor cells detectably express DC. Anti-DR
      monoclonals varied in their reactivity with progenitor cells. The majority of
      progenitors in all lineage categories express determinants that are shared or
      cross-reactive between DR and SB while fewer progenitors can be shown to bind
      antibodies specific for DR or SB.

PMID- 3864644
TI  - Reduction of an acutely dislocated disk.

PMID- 3864643
TI  - Effects of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha on the simulation by noradrenaline and oxytocin of
      human cervical muscle activity at term.
AB  - Cervical specimens were obtained by needle biopsy in connection with caesarean
      section at term pregnancy. The preparations were superfused in an organ chamber
      and contractions were registered isometrically. Prostaglandin (PG) E2 and F2
      alpha inhibited spontaneous contractions. The stimulatory action of noradrenaline
      was not influenced by PGF2 alpha but was reduced by PGE2 whereas both PGs
      abolished the excitatory effect of oxytocin.

PMID- 3864645
TI  - Treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction and bilateral posterior open
      bite.

PMID- 3864646
TI  - Synthesis of dinucleoside tetraphosphates by RNA polymerase B (II) from calf
      thymus.
AB  - Highly purified RNA polymerase B (II) from calf thymus catalyses the synthesis of
      dinucleoside tetraphosphates from ribonucleoside triphosphates in the absence of
      an oligonucleotide primer or additional protein factors. The reaction requires a
      DNA template and bivalent cations such as Mn2+ or Mg2+. It is strongly inhibited
      by heparin and high concentrations of alpha-amanitin but not by rifampicin. On a
      given template various dinucleoside tetraphosphates of different sequence are
      formed although the yield depends on the nature of the template.

PMID- 3864647
TI  - Leukaemic infiltration of the anus.
AB  - A case of biopsy-proven anal involvement in acute promyelocytic leukaemia is
      presented with management by local conservative measures and remission induction
      with chemotherapy. A brief review of the literature is given.

PMID- 3864648
TI  - Steroidogenic activity in surface epithelium of the human ovary.
AB  - The steroidogenic activity of the ovarian surface epithelium in various steps of
      biosynthesis of the sex steroids was investigated on 105 specimen of the ovaries
      obtained during laparotomy in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of
      Postgraduate Medical School. The slices of the ovary were incubated according to
      the method elaborated by Levy et al. The studies were performed during the
      follicular and luteal phase of the menstrual phase. For the determination of the
      activity of delta 5-3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase pregnenolone and
      dehydroepiandrosterone were used. For the determination of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase androstenedione and testosterone were applied. The results obtained
      indicate, that the cells of the human surface epithelium have the enzyme system
      necessary for the different stages of steroidogenesis. However the results
      obtained do not prove that steroidogenic precursors are synthesized de novo in
      cells of the surface epithelium.

PMID- 3864649
TI  - Structuring prepaid dental plans to accommodate consumer tastes and preferences.

PMID- 3864650
TI  - The dental assistant's role in medical emergencies.

PMID- 3864651
TI  - The worldwide growth of dental auxiliary personnel.

PMID- 3864652
TI  - Malpractice insurance: will you be able to find coverage?

PMID- 3864653
TI  - Positive ways to make your practice grow.

PMID- 3864654
TI  - Are you giving patients a reason not to return?

PMID- 3864656
TI  - New patients: where do they come from?

PMID- 3864655
TI  - Esthetic dentistry can revitalize your practice. A special DM interview with Dr.
      Ronald Goldstein.

PMID- 3864657
TI  - Confronting tomorrow: a roundtable discussion of challenges facing technology.

PMID- 3864658
TI  - A simplified and sensible approach to setting a profitable fee structure.

PMID- 3864659
TI  - Periodontal splinting foresight solves the problem.

PMID- 3864661
TI  - Costs down, prices up, profile marginal: small surprises characterize 1984.

PMID- 3864660
TI  - Why does a balance sheet balance?

PMID- 3864662
TI  - Inventory control: count often and order with care.

PMID- 3864664
TI  - Check your managerial skills.

PMID- 3864663
TI  - What are the biggest problems facing dental labs today?

PMID- 3864665
TI  - Can small labs compete with big price-cutters?

PMID- 3864666
TI  - How to make successful sales calls.

PMID- 3864667
TI  - Orthodontic specialization for dental hygienists.

PMID- 3864668
TI  - Dental hygiene practice behaviors and perceived decision making. Report of a
      survey.

PMID- 3864669
TI  - Dental hygienists' attitudes toward marketing roles.

PMID- 3864670
TI  - Research dentistry prepares for future.

PMID- 3864671
TI  - Case presentation is a vital skill to master.

PMID- 3864672
TI  - Tax reform plans may affect dentistry.

PMID- 3864673
TI  - 3 ways to finance your new practice.

PMID- 3864674
TI  - Property insurance protects the office.

PMID- 3864676
TI  - Rating the evaluations: students favor them.

PMID- 3864675
TI  - Malpractice trend affects insurance rates.

PMID- 3864677
TI  - Cash or credit?

PMID- 3864678
TI  - Effective case presentation.

PMID- 3864679
TI  - How to be an effective staff motivator.

PMID- 3864680
TI  - 10 steps to successful dental office computerization.

PMID- 3864681
TI  - Dentists' four biggest mistakes.

PMID- 3864682
TI  - "My new office is the best investment I've ever made!".

PMID- 3864683
TI  - Dressing for a better image.

PMID- 3864685
TI  - Help patients overcome dental fear.

PMID- 3864684
TI  - 1985 practice survey shows dentists' incomes increasing.

PMID- 3864686
TI  - How to conquer procrastination.

PMID- 3864687
TI  - Nutrition counseling: proceed with caution.

PMID- 3864688
TI  - Are you challenging your hygienist to sell needed treatment?

PMID- 3864690
TI  - Dear doctor x.

PMID- 3864689
TI  - Public relations as an ethical marketing tool.

PMID- 3864691
TI  - A marketing-oriented staff is behind every successful practice.

PMID- 3864692
TI  - Restorative dentistry: an increasing need?

PMID- 3864693
TI  - Modern practice management. Effective communication.

PMID- 3864694
TI  - The early diagnosis of oral carcinoma.

PMID- 3864695
TI  - The tongue: 3. Infections and mucosal atrophy.

PMID- 3864696
TI  - Dental education in the USSR.

PMID- 3864697
TI  - Doubling the demand for dental care.

PMID- 3864698
TI  - Dental anatomy: the palate.

PMID- 3864699
TI  - The orthodontic-oral surgery interface: 1. Dentoalveolar procedures.

PMID- 3864700
TI  - A review of dental implants.

PMID- 3864701
TI  - The tongue: 4. Ulceration.

PMID- 3864702
TI  - Vocational training. 3. The supervised training group and the way ahead.

PMID- 3864703
TI  - Oral submucous fibrosis.

PMID- 3864704
TI  - Effects of female hormones on the activity of 3'-phosphoadenylylsulphate:
      desulphated heparan sulphate sulphotransferase in the endometrium of rabbit
      uterus.
AB  - Sulphotransferase activity in the microsomal fraction of the uterine endometrium
      of rabbits was measured with heparan sulphate, N-desulphated heparan sulphate and
      N-, O-desulphated heparan sulphate as exogenous substrates in the presence of 3'
      phosphoadenylyl[35S]sulphate. Of the three acceptors, N-, O-desulphated heparan
      sulphate was most effectively radiolabelled. When N-, O-desulphated heparan
      sulphate was used as an acceptor, it was found that estrogen enhanced the
      sulphotransferase activity and that progesterone suppressed the effect of
      estrogen.

PMID- 3864705
TI  - Coma at the onset of young insulin-dependent diabetes in Japan. The results of a
      nationwide survey. Japan and Pittsburgh Childhood Diabetes Research Groups.
AB  - The descriptive epidemiology of diabetic coma at onset was investigated in a
      nationwide survey of insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) children (age at onset
      less than 18 yr) throughout Japan for the years 1970-81. Of the 1172 cases, 148
      (12.6%) were unconscious at onset. Diabetic coma was highly associated with
      abnormalities in the biochemical variables. There was no sex difference in the
      frequency of coma; however, there was an inverse association with age wherein
      children under 5 yr of age were approximately two times more likely to present in
      coma than older children. There was a strong association with reported infections
      wherein patients with coma were more than twice as likely to report infection
      than patients without coma. It seemed that the frequency of coma did not decline
      during the study period. The risk of dying at onset was very high; diabetic
      children in coma (4.7%) were 12 times more likely to die than patients without
      coma.

PMID- 3864706
TI  - Effects of zinc sulphate on ethanol- and indomethacin-induced ulceration and
      changes in prostaglandin E2 and histamine levels in the rat gastric glandular
      mucosa.
AB  - The effect of zinc sulphate on stomach ulceration produced by ethanol and
      indomethacin was examined in rats. Oral or intraperitoneal pretreatment with zinc
      sulphate (20 mg/kg, expressed as zinc ion) strongly prevented ethanol-, but not
      indomethacin-induced gastric glandular ulceration. Indomethacin given beforehand
      did not influence the protective action of zinc sulphate against ethanol-evoked
      lesions. Ethanol decreased histamine levels, whereas indomethacin reduced the
      prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) content in the gastric glandular mucosa. The alcohol also
      elevated the histamine content in gastric secretion. Zinc sulphate reversed the
      ethanol-induced changes in histamine levels in both mucosa and secretion, but did
      not modify PGE2 reduction by indomethacin. Zinc sulphate also antagonised protein
      leakage from the stomach following ethanol administration. It is concluded that
      gastric ulceration by the currently employed doses of ethanol and indomethacin is
      caused by different mechanisms. Zinc sulphate prevents histamine-mediated lesions
      produced by the alcohol, but not ulceration due to PGE2 depletion by
      indomethacin.

PMID- 3864707
TI  - Candidiasis.

PMID- 3864708
TI  - Microleakage of root caries restorations.

PMID- 3864709
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of geriatric drug therapy.

PMID- 3864710
TI  - Developing the health history of the elderly dental patient.

PMID- 3864711
TI  - A study of nonverbal behaviors of dentists with healthy older patients using
      closed-circuit television.

PMID- 3864712
TI  - The prevalence of periodontal conditions in a non-institutionalized elderly
      population.

PMID- 3864713
TI  - The structure and ultrastructure of the carious lesion in human dentin.

PMID- 3864714
TI  - Perceived barriers to the use of dental services by the elderly.

PMID- 3864715
TI  - [Population genetics of Dagestan highlanders].
AB  - Subdivision of some isolates and heterogenic populations in Daghestan is analysed
      by human gene and phen frequencies. Comparative population study of phenotypic
      variability of quantitative characters (anthropometric, neurodynamic and
      psychodynamic) is carried out. Common hierarchy of variability for all
      populations as well as an effect of inbreeding and panmixis on variability of the
      above-mentioned quantitative characters in different populations is demonstrated.

PMID- 3864716
TI  - Transient expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in cultured
      mosquito cells.
AB  - A recombinant plasmid in which the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
      (CAT) gene is under the control of the Drosophila heat-shock protein (hsp) 70
      promoter has been introduced into cultured mosquito (Aedes albopictus) cells
      using 1,5-dimethyl-1,5-diazaundecamethylene polymethobromide (polybrene) and
      dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). CAT activity was induced by incubating transfected
      cells at 37 degrees C, and high levels of enzyme activity were maintained for
      more than 24 h after the temperature shock. Transfected DNA was maintained in the
      cells for at least 4 days. These experiments document an effective method for
      introducing purified DNA into cultured mosquito cells.

PMID- 3864717
TI  - Chromosomal deletion and plasmid complementation of the photosynthetic reaction
      center and light-harvesting genes from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata.
AB  - Using in vitro interposon mutagenesis, Rhodopseudomonas capsulata strains have
      been constructed wherein all or part of the reaction center (RC), light
      harvesting I (LHI), and light-harvesting II (LHII) structural genes have been
      deleted. In one series of strains, the 2778-bp ApaI fragment bearing more than
      90% of the rxcA operon (promoter and structural genes coding for LHI beta, LHI
      alpha, RC-L and RC-M) has been deleted from the chromosome. When the rxcA operon
      is deleted, resultant strains possess only LHII and are photosynthetically
      defective. The rxcA deletion in an LHII- background results in a strain lacking
      all LH antennae and RC subunits. As expected this strain has no near-infrared
      absorption characteristic of LH or RC bacteriochlorophyll. The rxcA deletion may
      be complemented by a pBR322 derivative carrying the entire rxcA operon (pU21). In
      a second series of deletion mutants, the 2500-bp BstEII-StuI fragment, including
      the beta and alpha structural genes coding for LHII has been deleted from the
      chromosome. In the wild-type background, functional RC and LHI are synthesized.
      LHII may be restored in the deletion strain by conjugal transfer of the plasmid
      pU2 which carries the LHII operon.

PMID- 3864719
TI  - [Anatomy and biomechanics of the mandible].

PMID- 3864718
TI  - Cigarette smoking reduces human gastric luminal prostaglandin E2.
AB  - The effect of smoking three cigarettes on the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)
      by the gastric mucosa was studied in seven healthy smokers. Smoking caused the
      expected increases in pulse rate, blood pressure, plasma glucose, and
      carboxyhaemoglobin. In addition, smoking resulted in a significant (p less than
      0.05) reduction in the volume of pentagastrin stimulated gastric juice from 76.1
      +/- 4.4 to 54.1 +/- 4.6 ml/15 min and PGE2 output from 22.8 +/- 4.9 to 12.2 +/-
      3.8 ng/15 min but did not alter acid output. It is concluded that smoking reduces
      the amount of PGE2 in the gastric lumen and that this may explain why it is a
      risk factor for peptic ulcer.

PMID- 3864721
TI  - [Orthodontic treatment and mandibular modeling in growth].

PMID- 3864720
TI  - [Relation of bone tissue to mechanical effects (biomechanics of bone tissue)].

PMID- 3864722
TI  - [Angle of the jaw in eugnathic and progenic dentition].

PMID- 3864723
TI  - [Overbite correlations between dental and skeletal factors of the facial skull].

PMID- 3864725
TI  - [Combined treated dysgnathias following tongue dyskinesias].

PMID- 3864724
TI  - [Cephalometric comparative study on rotation and extent of growth of the mandible
      in mandibular retrognathism].

PMID- 3864727
TI  - Bone marrow biopsy changes in acute myeloid leukaemia. I: Observations before
      chemotherapy.
AB  - Pretreatment bone marrow trephine biopsy sections (BMB) from 34 patients with
      acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) were studied in parallel with bone marrow
      aspiration smears and peripheral blood films. In four cases marrow aspiration was
      inadequate and in five cases it was unsatisfactory. In two other cases
      hypoplastic AML was diagnosed, the aspirate in one suggested hypercellularity and
      in another it was unsatisfactory. Trephine biopsy was superior to aspiration for
      the evaluation of fat and marrow cellularity, pattern and extent of blast cell
      infiltration, homogeneity of the leukaemic infiltrate, frequency of mitoses,
      residual haemopoietic activity and presence of inflammatory cells. Of the various
      features studied in the sections, the presence of an increased number of plasma
      cells and considerable myelodysplasia (MD) appeared to be unfavourable prognostic
      features. We conclude that trephine biopsies are essential for the diagnosis of
      hypoplastic AML and are most useful when marrow aspiration is either inadequate
      or unsatisfactory. They also provide additional information about the bone marrow
      changes in AML and suggest that some histological features may also have
      prognostic significance.

PMID- 3864726
TI  - [Changes in the soft tissue profile in treatment with function regulators].

PMID- 3864728
TI  - Recessive X-linked ichthyosis: lack of immunologically detectable steroid
      sulfatase enzyme protein.
AB  - Patients with recessive X-linked ichthyosis (RXLI), one hereditary form of scaly
      skin, lack activity of the enzyme steroid sulfatase in all tissues studied. To
      investigate the molecular defect underlying the lack of enzyme activity, we
      prepared antisera against normal enzyme by injecting normal placental microsomal
      suspensions or partially purified steroid sulfatase into rabbits. Antibody
      activity was assessed by immunoprecipitation of detergent solubilized steroid
      sulfatase. In addition, we prepared rabbit antisera against RXLI placental
      microsomal suspensions. To detect immunologically cross-reactive material in
      patients' placentas, extracts were studied by immunoblot techniques and by
      competition with normal enzyme for antibody binding. Patients' extracts did not
      contain immunoreactive material co-migrating on electrophoresis with purified
      enzyme nor did they inhibit immunoprecipitation of normal enzyme. Sera from
      rabbits immunized with RXLI placental microsomes contain no antibodies to normal
      steroid sulfatase, as judged by their failure to immunoprecipitate normal enzyme
      or to react with normal steroid sulfatase on immunoblot. Thus the mutation in
      RXLI appears to reduce steroid sulfatase enzyme protein as well as enzyme
      activity.

PMID- 3864729
TI  - A case report of a patient with retinoblastoma and chromosome 13q deletion:
      assignment of a new gene (gene for LCP1) on human chromosome 13.
AB  - Retinoblastoma (Rb) occurs in hereditary, non-hereditary, and chromosomal
      deletion forms and the locus for the Rb gene (Rb-1) is closely linked to the
      locus for esterase D (ESD) assigned to the chromosome 13q14.11. We describe a
      patient who was predicted to have Rb from the genetic analysis of the chromosome
      and ESD phenotype. Furthermore, the gene for lymphocyte cytosol polypeptide with
      molecular weight of 64,000 (LCP1: McKusick catalogue No. 15343, 1983) was
      assigned to chromosome 13 by deletion mapping. A 3-month-old female had many
      characteristics of chromosome 13q-syndrome, including dolichocephaly, epicanthus,
      ptosis, depressed nasal bridge, micrognathia, short webbed neck, and short fifth
      fingers with clinodactyly and single crease. The karyotype of the patient was
      46,XX,del(13) (q14.1-q32), though both the parents had normal karyotypes. As
      expected, the phenotype of ESD derived from one of the parents, the father in
      this case, was not detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes by two-dimensional
      gel electrophoresis (two-DE), indicating that ESD from the father was deleted in
      the abnormal chromosome 13. The possibility of paternity was calculated to be
      0.996 based on the data using 22 genetic markers. Bilateral retinoblastomas could
      be diagnosed by ophthalmologic examinations before the manifestation of any
      clinical signs of the tumor and immediately intensive care was taken. In
      addition, the phenotype of LCP1 derived from the father was not expressed in the
      lymphocyte proteins from the patient. These data indicate that the gene for LCP1
      (LCP1) is located in the region q14.1-q32 of chromosome 13 and may be a useful
      genetic marker for preclinical diagnosis of Rb.

PMID- 3864731
TI  - Malonaldehyde.

PMID- 3864730
TI  - Acrolein.

PMID- 3864732
TI  - Diglycidyl resorcinol ether.

PMID- 3864733
TI  - Ethylene oxide.

PMID- 3864734
TI  - Propylene oxide.

PMID- 3864735
TI  - Styrene oxide.

PMID- 3864736
TI  - Benzoyl peroxide.

PMID- 3864737
TI  - Hydrogen peroxide.

PMID- 3864738
TI  - Lauroyl peroxide.

PMID- 3864739
TI  - Allyl chloride.

PMID- 3864740
TI  - Allyl isothiocyanate.

PMID- 3864741
TI  - Allyl isovalerate.

PMID- 3864742
TI  - Eugenol.

PMID- 3864744
TI  - An anesthetic technique report.

PMID- 3864745
TI  - Factors associated with maintenance of proper water fluoride levels within the
      state of Illinois.

PMID- 3864743
TI  - A monoclonal antibody GR2110 reactive with a P24 antigen present in a subgroup of
      acute lymphoid leukemias.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody IgG1K against a P24 antigen has been obtained. This antigen
      is present on a subgroup of non-T-ALL and platelets. GR2110 monoclonal antibody
      was produced by immunizing with a CALL (CALLA+, Ia+, IgS-, E-, T3-) This P24
      antigen is absent in normal T-lymphocytes, monocytes, mitogen-activated T-cells;
      weakly expressed on B-cells and granulocytes and negative with several cell
      lines, except with KM3. GR2110 monoclonal antibody was tested with chronic and
      acute human leukemias. It was positive only with some CALL, NULL ALL, B-ALL and
      negative with B-CLL, T-CLL, T-cell lymphoma, Hairy cell leukemia, AML, T-ALL. The
      immunoprecipitation of 125I-labeled cell membrane with the monoclonal antibody
      and SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a 24 kD molecular weight polypeptide. The
      comparison of GR2110 and FMC 8 in capping experiments and cellular reaction
      patterns, showed that both antibodies react with the same molecule but probably
      with different epitopes.

PMID- 3864746
TI  - Cytochemical localization of calcium in ameloblasts using a modified potassium
      pyroantimonate method.

PMID- 3864747
TI  - Immunologic markers of Burkitt's lymphoma cells.
AB  - Lymphocyte markers were studied on fresh cells from 30 patients with Burkitt (L3)
      leukaemia and cell lines derived from endemic and non-endemic Burkitt's lymphoma
      (BL) patients. We observed day-to-day variations of lymphocyte marker expression
      by cultured lines and, occasionally, differences between fresh and cultured
      cells. In L3 leukaemia, a wide range of phenotypes, including pre-B cell and
      mature monoclonal IgM + IgD positive B-cell phenotypes, was observed. Most often,
      the cells expressed high-density monoclonal surface IgM without IgD and lacked
      IgG Fc, complement and Epstein-Barr virus receptors. Blast cells from rare
      patients featured monoclonal IgG or IgA instead of IgM. Cases with light chains
      of the lambda type were more frequent than those with kappa chains. Monoclonal
      immunoglobulins were found in serum or urine from eight of 20 patients studied.
      These results are compared with data from the literature on endemic and non
      endemic BL and discussed with respect to the maturation stage reached by the
      cells. In the study of both fresh and cultured cells, we demonstrated a
      correlation between variant chromosomal translocations and light-chain types, the
      cells from patients with a t(2;8) translocation expressing kappa and those with a
      t(8;22) expressing lambda chains, with one exception Vimentin expression was
      absent or weak in most BLs studied (lines or fresh cells) and in cells from
      patients with Langer-Giedion syndrome, in contrast to most other lymphomas and
      leukaemias and normal lymphoblastoid cell lines.

PMID- 3864748
TI  - [Dissection of the pterygomaxillary region and the Gasserian ganglion after
      injection of colored latex into the blood vessels].

PMID- 3864749
TI  - [Dentistry in Lebanon or dignity and will in the face of death].

PMID- 3864750
TI  - [Epidemiological study of dental caries in children in nursery schools in
      Strasbourg 10 years after the Jung study].

PMID- 3864751
TI  - [Public health problems in France].

PMID- 3864752
TI  - [How to make dentists and their patients accept preventive measures].

PMID- 3864753
TI  - [The use of fluoride varnish in the prevention of caries].

PMID- 3864754
TI  - Possible association of a new translocation, t(7;11)(p15;p15), with Ph1
      chromosome-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - A Ph1 chromosome-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with
      t(7;11)(p15;p15) in a 6-year-old girl is reported. Three cases of 7;11
      translocation have been reported so far. The patients concerned were between 37
      and 72 years of age; 2 of them had CML and the other had acute myelomonocytic
      leukemia. Data from these 4 cases suggest that the 7;11 chromosome translocation
      may be related to a subgroup of Ph1-negative CML, specifically to one that may
      easily proceed to blast phase, or to "subacute" myelogenous leukemia. The present
      case demonstrates that CML with this chromosome abnormality is not restricted to
      adults but also affects children. The t(1;11)(q21 or 23;p15) reported in another
      case with Ph1-negative CML may be a variant of this translocation.

PMID- 3864755
TI  - The relationship between 17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and breast tumour
      site and size.
AB  - The activity of 17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (170HSD) was measured in
      adipose tissue adjacent to benign or malignant breast tumours. 170HSD activity
      was significantly correlated with tumour size in malignant tumours (r = 0.75) but
      not with benign tumours (r = 0.28). Enzyme activity was reduced in adipose tissue
      adjacent to tumours obtained from inferior breast quadrants.

PMID- 3864757
TI  - Digit sucking: it's time for an attitude adjustment or a rationale for the early
      elimination of digit-sucking habits through positive behavior modification.

PMID- 3864756
TI  - Bile levels of imipenem following different dose regimens.
AB  - Seventeen patients received either 500 mg (9 patients) or 1000 mg (8 patients) of
      imipenem following bile duct surgery with indwelling Kehr-T-drainage which
      permitted the measurement of bile levels. Bile and blood specimens were taken at
      the following time intervals: control value prior to the 20 min-imipenem
      infusion, then at 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240 and 300 min
      after administration of imipenem. In addition, a blood specimen was drawn after
      360 min. Three patients of the 500 mg-group and 6 patients of the 1000 mg-group
      received a second dose after 4 h. The specimens were taken at the same intervals
      as mentioned above. It was shown that a spaced dose of 500 mg imipenem thrice
      daily would be sufficient to treat infections by sensitive pathogens of the bile
      ducts.

PMID- 3864758
TI  - The importance of the axis in the study of oromyofunctional disorders--an
      integrated approach.

PMID- 3864760
TI  - A longitudinal study comparing apically repositioned flaps, with and without
      osseous surgery.

PMID- 3864759
TI  - The development and in-vivo behavior of tin containing radiopharmaceuticals--II.
      Autoradiographic and scintigraphic studies in normal animals and in animal models
      of bone disease.
AB  - Various 117mSn (2+ and 4+) compounds in well defined oxidation states were
      studied in normal mice using whole body autoradiography (WBARG), tissue
      distribution and scintigraphy in animal models of vitamin A induced bone disease,
      fracture, infected fracture and ischemic muscle lesions. The 117mSn4+-DTPA showed
      high affinity to normal bone with low soft tissue concentration. Increased
      deposition of this compound in fractures and ischemic lesions in muscle was also
      demonstrated. In hypervitaminosis A, reduced bone uptake of 117mSn4+-DTPA was
      shown to occur. Nude mice bearing osteogenic sarcoma of human origin showed
      uptake in spiculated pattern. The similar distribution of 117mSn4+-DTPA which
      does not contain phosphate or phosphonate groups, and the 99mTc(Sn) skeletal
      imaging compounds may indicate that tin is important in binding to bone. 117mSn4+
      DTPA may not be ideal for routine imaging except when long term follow up is
      required. It should however be considered for therapy of bone tumors because of
      the long physical half-life of 117mSn (t1/2 = 14.03 days), abundance of short
      range conversion and Auger electrons and its preferential deposition in cortical
      bone as indicated by our results.

PMID- 3864761
TI  - The optimum temporomandibular joint condyle position in clinical practice.

PMID- 3864762
TI  - Oral hygiene and periodontal considerations in restorative treatment with
      prefabricated attachments and precision-milled prosthetic devices.

PMID- 3864763
TI  - Blocking of mononuclear cell activation by lonazolac.
AB  - The immunological effect of lonazolac on mononuclear cell activation has been
      investigated using the indirect Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Test in Arthritis.
      Under these conditions, the mononuclear cell response to a synovial stimulus can
      be abolished by very low concentrations of lonazolac, a new nonsteroidal
      antiinflammatory drug. This blockade can be completely released by the addition
      of prostaglandin E2. Lonazolac appears therefore as an agent able in addition to
      modulate the immune response.

PMID- 3864765
TI  - Clinical considerations and terminating treatment.

PMID- 3864764
TI  - Analysis of heterogeneity in daunorubicin uptake by human leukemia cells using
      laser flow cytometry.
AB  - Heterogeneity in daunorubicin uptake by leukemic blast cells obtained from the
      bone marrow of 16 patients with acute leukemia (10 acute nonlymphocytic leukemia
      and 6 acute lymphocytic leukemia) was determined by laser flow cytometry
      following drug treatment in vitro for 1 hr. Fluorescence profiles of cellular
      anthracycline levels in the various samples indicated a marked heterogeneity in
      daunorubicin uptake and the range of detectable drug fluorescent cells was 34%
      99%. A retrospective analysis of disease outcome in these patients who were
      treated with a daunorubicin or doxorubicin containing induction regimen indicated
      the following: (a) 8 of 11 patients who entered complete remission had greater
      than 80% of leukemic blast cells accumulating detectable amounts of daunorubicin;
      and (b) 3 of 4 patients who did not respond to chemotherapy had less than 40% of
      the leukemic blast cells accumulating detectable amounts of daunorubicin. These
      results suggest that laser flow cytometry may be useful in determining
      qualitative and quantitative differences in daunorubicin levels in heterogeneous
      tumor cell populations.

PMID- 3864766
TI  - The Bartling case: ambivalence or certainty?

PMID- 3864767
TI  - Fluoride therapy.

PMID- 3864768
TI  - The hepatitis B vaccine: responsibilities of the dentist-employer.

PMID- 3864769
TI  - Normal trigeminal neurosensory responses.

PMID- 3864770
TI  - Direct reimbursement, an idea whose time has arrived.

PMID- 3864771
TI  - Relining the distal extension removable partial denture.

PMID- 3864772
TI  - Synthograft--an evaluation of its use as an alloplastic implant in periodontal
      osseous defects.

PMID- 3864773
TI  - Neosono-D: is it accurate?

PMID- 3864774
TI  - Correction of permanent lower lip anesthesia.

PMID- 3864775
TI  - Antibacterial activity of ofloxacin and other 4-quinolone derivatives: in-vitro
      and in-vivo comparison.
AB  - Ofloxacin (DL8280, RU43280) is a newly introduced oxazine quinolone derivative
      with broad and potent antibacterial activity. Ofloxacin showed excellent in-vitro
      activity against Enterobacteriaceae while most strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      were inhibited by less than 2 mg/l. The compound was significantly more potent
      than norfloxacin against Acinetobacter spp. and Staphylococcus spp. Ofloxacin and
      norfloxacin behaved similarly with respect to inoculum size, effect of urine and
      serum, bactericidal properties and frequency of spontaneous resistant mutants.
      Ofloxacin displayed an in-vivo antibacterial activity up to five times greater
      than that of pefloxacin and norfloxacin, probably due to the conjunction of
      favourable pharmacokinetics, excellent bacterial susceptibility and good
      stability towards metabolic degradation.

PMID- 3864776
TI  - In-vitro activity of pefloxacin compared with six other quinolones.
AB  - The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of pefloxacin was compared with that of three
      of the newer fluorated quinoline derivates: ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and
      enoxacin, as well as with those of the earlier analogues: nalidixic acid,
      pipemidic acid and cinoxacin, against almost 750 recent patient isolates of
      medically important bacteria. MIC90S of pefloxacin were less than or equal to 2
      mg/l for Enterobacteriaceae, less than or equal to 8 mg/l for Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa, less than or equal to 4 mg/l for other nonfermenters and 0.5 mg/l for
      Staphylococci. Most streptococcal strains were resistant to pefloxacin. Of all
      the fluorated quinolones, ciprofloxacin was overall the most active compound. The
      older non-fluorated quinolone analogues had activity against the
      Enterobacteriaceae only at levels achievable in urine.

PMID- 3864777
TI  - Empirical use of imipenem as the sole antibiotic in the treatment of serious
      infections.
AB  - Seventy-three patients with eighty-five infections were treated with imipenem as
      the sole antimicrobial agent. Some of these infections were caused by
      pseudomonads and enterococci resistant to other cephalosporins. The vast majority
      of the Gram-positive and the Gram-negative bacteria that were isolated had a
      minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of less than 1 mg/l, and all MICs for
      initial isolates were below the levels of imipenem that were achieved in plasma
      and other body fluids with a dose of 500 mg every 6 h. The outcomes of 67
      infectious episodes were satisfactory, four outcomes were failures and 14 were
      not evaluable. During the two years of this study, only a few strains of
      Staphylococcus epidermidis and of Pseudomonas aeruginosa emerged which were
      resistant to imipenem.

PMID- 3864778
TI  - Pharmacology of imipenem.

PMID- 3864779
TI  - Purification and properties of the nitrogenase of Azospirillum amazonense.
AB  - The nitrogenase of the free-living, microaerobic, N2-fixing bacterium
      Azospirillum amazonense (strain Y1) was purified by chromatography on DEAE-52
      cellulose, by heat treatment, and by preparative polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The specific nitrogenase activities were 2,400 nmol of C2H4
      formed per min per mg of protein for dinitrogenase (MoFe protein) and 1,800 nmol
      of C2H4 formed per min per mg of protein for dinitrogenase reductase (Fe
      protein). The MoFe protein was composed of a minimum of 1,852 amino acid
      residues, had an isoelectric point of 5.2, and contained 2 atoms of Mo, 24 atoms
      of Fe, and 28 atoms of acid-labile sulfide per molecule. The Fe protein had 624
      amino acid residues and an isoelectric point of 4.6 and contained four atoms of
      Fe and six atoms of acid-labile sulfide per molecule. The purified MoFe protein
      showed two subunits with molecular weights of 55,000 and 50,000. The purified Fe
      protein revealed two polypeptides on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis with apparent molecular weights of 35,000 and 31,000. The two Fe
      protein polypeptides were demonstrated with immunological techniques in the
      purified, highly active enzyme as well as in extracts. Also, Azotobacter
      vinelandii Fe protein showed two closely migrating polypeptides that migrated
      differently from the Fe protein polypeptides of Azospirillum brasilense or
      Rhodospirillum rubrum. The nitrogenase activity of Azospirillum amazonense Y1 was
      independent of Mn2+, and the addition of activating enzyme had no effect. No
      activating enzyme could be found in Azospirillum amazonense. Obviously, the
      nitrogenase system of Azospirillum amazonense Y1 is different from that of
      Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 and resembles the Azotobacter system.

PMID- 3864780
TI  - Tetracyanonickelate probes the active site of sulfur-free rhodanese.
AB  - Tetracyanonickelate (Ni(CN)4(2-)) was used as a probe for the active site of
      sulfur-free rhodanese (E) in physical and kinetic studies. Ni(CN)4(2-) quenches
      the intrinsic fluorescence as well as the fluorescence of enzyme-bound 2
      anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (2,8-ANS), an inhibitor that is competitive
      with respect to thiosulfate. A facile binding method based on centrifugation was
      developed to study Ni(CN)4(2-) binding to E. Binding studies performed using
      either of the electrophoretic variants A and B, fractionated by DE52 column
      chromatography, showed one high affinity Ni(CN)4(2-)-binding site in each species
      and additional weak sites on the more electropositive form A. The high affinity
      Ni(CN)4(2-) binding was corroborated by ultrafiltration binding (Kd = 3.95 +/-
      0.35 microM), titration of intrinsic fluorescence (Kd = 1.8 +/- 0.11 microM), and
      displacement of enzyme-bound 2,8-ANS (Kd = 1.9 +/- 1.1 microM). A nonlinear least
      squares analysis of kinetic data collected under conditions used for the binding
      studies gave a Ni(CN)4(2-) inhibition constant of 21 microM. It is concluded that
      Ni(CN)4(2-) binds to sulfur-free rhodanese in solution near the active site as
      has been shown in x-ray crystal studies (Lijk, L. J., Kalk, K. H., Brandenburger,
      N. P., and Hol, W. G. J. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 2952-2957). In keeping with
      recent suggestions that the conformational state of the enzyme is dynamically
      determined, the discrepancy between Ni(CN)4(2-) affinity as determined by
      physical methods and that by kinetic methods suggests that Ni(CN)4(2-) may be
      able to distinguish the conformation of the working enzyme from those of the idle
      forms.

PMID- 3864781
TI  - The 65-kDa phorbol-diester hydrolase in mouse plasma is esterase 1 and is
      immunologically distinct from the 56-kDa phorbol-diester hydrolase in mouse
      liver.
AB  - Esterase 1, a well-characterized mouse plasma protein of unknown function, has
      activity against a wide range of ester substrates including beta-alanine
      nitrophenyl esters and 17 beta-esters of estradiol. In this article, we report
      that esterase 1 is also responsible for a majority of the phorbol-12-ester
      hydrolase activity in mouse plasma. Incubation of homogeneous esterase 1 with 4
      beta-phorbol 12 beta-myristate 13 alpha-acetate (PMA) at either 4 or 37 degrees C
      for up to 18 h yielded phorbol 13 alpha-acetate as the only hydrolysis product.
      Specific polyclonal antibodies to esterase 1 inhibited 95% of PMA hydrolysis by a
      purified esterase 1 preparation and 65% of PMA hydrolysis by mouse plasma.
      Perfused mouse liver homogenates contain two distinct phorbol diester hydrolases
      with apparent molecular masses of 65 kDa and 56 kDa, respectively. The 65-kDa
      protein appears to be immunologically identical to the plasma enzyme, while the
      56-kDa protein, found in liver but not in plasma, is immunologically distinct.
      Phorbol 12-myristate, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, and PMA were found to be
      competitive inhibitors of the beta-alanine-nitrophenyl esterase activity of
      esterase 1 with Ki values of approximately 7 microM. Phorbol 13-acetate and
      phorbol itself were less effective with Ki values of 37 and 140 microM,
      respectively. Sodium salts of valeric and myristic acids did not inhibit at 10
      microM. The above results indicate that efficient substrate binding requires a
      phorbol 12-ester. Similar results were obtained with estradiol 17 beta-valerate
      which is a better substrate for esterase 1 than is PMA. Our results strongly
      suggest that esterase 1 and a recently described phorbol ester hydrolase isolated
      from mouse serum (Saito, M., and Egawa, K. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 5821-5826)
      are the same and are immunologically and kinetically distinct from the 56-kDa
      phorbol 12-ester hydrolase in mouse liver.

PMID- 3864782
TI  - A former amino terminal signal sequence engineered to an internal location
      directs translocation of both flanking protein domains.
AB  - To determine whether a functional amino terminal signal sequence can be active at
      an internal position, a hybrid gene was constructed in which the entire coding
      region of bovine preprolactin cDNA was inserted into chimpanzee alpha-globin cDNA
      109 codons downstream from the initiation codon of globin. When RNA synthesized
      in vitro from this plasmid (pSPGP1) was translated in the rabbit reticulocyte
      cell-free system, a 32-kD protein was produced that was both prolactin and globin
      immunoreactive. When microsomal membranes were present during translation (but
      not when added posttranslationally), a 26-kD and a 14-kD product were also
      observed. By immunoreactivity and electrophoretic mobility, the 26-kD protein was
      identical to mature prolactin, and the 14-kD protein appeared to be the globin
      domain with the prolactin signal sequence attached at its carboxy terminus. From
      (a) posttranslational proteolysis in the presence and absence of detergent, (b)
      sedimentation of vesicles in the presence and absence of sodium carbonate pH
      11.5, and (c) N-linked glycosylation of the globin-immunoreactive fragment after
      insertion of an Asn-X-Ser N-linked glycosylation site into the globin coding
      region of pSPGP1, it appears that all of the 26-kD and some of the 14-kD
      products, but none of the 32-kD precursor, have been translocated to the lumen of
      the membrane vesicles. Thus, when engineered to an internal position, the
      prolactin signal sequence is able to translocate both flanking protein domains.
      These data have implications for the understanding of translocation of proteins
      across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 3864783
TI  - Modulation of fibroblast-induced clot retraction by calcium channel blocking
      drugs and the monoclonal antibody ALB6.
AB  - Suspensions of living human fibroblast induce fibrin clot retractile activity
      (FCR). The efficiency is dependent on the growth phase; it is maximal during
      active growth and reduced in post-confluent cultures. In contrast human
      osteosarcoma cells constantly exhibit very low FCR efficiency. Two different
      calcium channel-blocking drugs Diltiazem and Verapamil inhibit, depending on the
      concentrations employed, FCR, and spreading within the clots of the normal cells.
      Intermediate FCR levels are associated with intermediate degrees of spreading. A
      similar dose dependent inhibition is also obtained by treating the normal cells
      with the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine (TFP). On the other hand, treatment
      of the normal cells with the monoclonal antibody ALB6 which is directed at the
      human leukocyte differentiation antigen CD9 (p24) causes a significant increase
      in the FCR efficiency in post-confluent normal cells, but it has no effect on the
      Te85 osteosarcoma cells. Moreover ALB6 IgG reverses the FCR inhibitory effect of
      the calcium-channel blocking drugs but not that of TFP. This means that the ALB6
      IgG target on the cellular membrane is probably the same as that of the two drugs
      and that ALB6 IgG is active in the regulation of the calcium flux which controls
      fibrin clot retractile activity of normal human fibroblasts.

PMID- 3864785
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography and preliminary pharmacokinetics of
      enoxacin and its 4-oxo metabolite in human plasma, urine and saliva.

PMID- 3864784
TI  - Commitment to differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL60): an
      all-or-none event preceded by reversible losses of self-renewal potential.
AB  - A method for clonal analysis has been developed which allows the characterization
      of the number and type of progeny cells produced by each single cell arising
      during clonal evolution. The method is based on a symmetry of self-renewal
      exhibited by sister cells of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line -HL60-.
      This permits the use of one of the sister cells to measure the potential for self
      renewal of the other. Using a system of sequential daughter cell transfers in
      semisolid medium, we have analysed self-renewal and differentiation in individual
      clones exposed to all-trans retinoic acid or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). We find
      that in clones exposed to chemical inducers of differentiation commitment occurs
      as an all-or-none event which is preceded by coordinated but reversible losses of
      self-renewal potential. It is concluded that the differentiation pathway of HL60
      cells has two distinct portions. These are, first, a predeterministic portion,
      reflected by coordinated but reversible losses of self-renewal potential, and
      second, a deterministic portion, reflected by irreversible phenotypic
      differentiation.

PMID- 3864786
TI  - [Studies on specific IgE antibody against side chain of beta-lactam antibiotics
      and the modified PCA inhibition test as a new measurement method].

PMID- 3864787
TI  - Cefotiam susceptibility testing criteria.
AB  - Interpretive zone size breakpoints for diffusion tests with 30-micrograms
      cefotiam disks are diameters of greater than or equal to 18 mm for susceptible
      and less than or equal to 14 mm for resistant strains. The standard control
      strains Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 should
      both give zones 27 to 33 mm in diameter. Tests with 579 clinical isolates yielded
      an unacceptably high rate of very major discrepancies between disk tests and
      microdilution tests; such discrepancies were especially common among Enterobacter
      spp. Additional studies support the concept that standard microdilution tests and
      standard disk diffusion tests may fail to detect a potential for resistance among
      some microorganisms.

PMID- 3864789
TI  - A coordinate system for model storage.

PMID- 3864788
TI  - Expression of Ia antigens on the surface of human oligodendrocytes and astrocytes
      in culture.
AB  - Oligodendrocytes and astrocytes were isolated from normal adult human brains 3-15
      h postmortem using a Percoll density gradient centrifugation and were cultured
      for 10-135 days. The presence of HLA-DR(Ia) antigens on the surface of these
      human oligodendrocytes and astrocytes was studied using double immunofluorescence
      procedures. Only half of separate culture series (6/12 donors) contained HLA-DR
      positive oligodendrocytes, while all of the culture series (12/12 donors)
      revealed HLA-DR-positive astrocytes. Among the HLA-DR-positive cultures, 4-16% of
      galactocerebroside-positive oligodendrocytes and 9-24% of GFAP-positive
      astrocytes were found to immunoreact with HLA-DR antibody. The presence of Ia
      antigens on the surface of certain populations of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes
      may be important in the induction of an immune response to these cells.

PMID- 3864790
TI  - Uprighting partially impacted molars.

PMID- 3864791
TI  - Aramid fiber reinforcement of acrylic appliances.

PMID- 3864792
TI  - Computed tomography in TMJ diagnosis.

PMID- 3864793
TI  - Extrusion of palatally impacted cuspids.

PMID- 3864795
TI  - Antidepressant treatment of bulimia: a two-year follow-up study.
AB  - Follow-ups for periods of up to 2 years on 20 bulimic subjects treated with
      antidepressants are reported. At the time last seen in follow-up, 19 (95%) of the
      subjects had experienced at least a partial improvement in their bulimia, and 10
      (50%) had experienced a complete remission of bulimic symptoms. In addition, most
      subjects displayed a marked reduction in depressive symptoms. This suggests that
      antidepressants do not merely reduce binge eating per se, but produce a more
      general therapeutic effect for bulimic patients. However, these promising
      findings must be tempered by the fact that antidepressant treatment is not always
      simple and may require extensive management over the long term.

PMID- 3864796
TI  - Acute myeloblastic leukaemia in a dog.
AB  - Morphological and cytochemical characteristics of both bone marrow and peripheral
      blood cells as well as an appreciation of the course of the disease, were found
      to be important in making the correct diagnosis in a dog with acute myeloblastic
      leukaemia similar to the M-2 type (FAB classification) of man. Busulfan treatment
      resulted in only a limited effect, mainly consisting in a reduction of the number
      of nucleated cells in the peripheral blood. Even under busulfan treatment,
      however, the relative blast count in marrow and peripheral blood increased,
      indicating that most blast cells were not susceptible to the action of busulfan.
      The total survival time of the dog was 94 days, including 24 days from
      hospitalization and diagnosis until euthanasia in a moribund state. Based on the
      assessment of morphological abnormalities in leukaemic cells and of mitotic
      indices in bone marrow smears, it is tentatively concluded that the acute
      myeloblastic leukaemia in this dog arose in the pluripotent haematopoietic stem
      cell compartment giving rise to the formation of erythrocytes, eosinophils,
      neutrophils and monocytes as well as megakaryocytes and that the proliferation
      rate of cells of the myeloblastic clone was decreased, although an increase in
      the size of the potentially dividing compartment might have occurred.

PMID- 3864794
TI  - Granulocyte and HLA-D region specific monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis of
      Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Tissue sections embedded in paraffin and fixed in formalin from 32 patients with
      Hodgkin's disease, representing the major histological subtypes, were studied
      using two granulocyte specific monoclonal antibodies (Leu-M1 and 3C4) and an HLA
      D region specific monoclonal antibody (TAL-IB5). Reed-Sternberg cells were
      stained with one or other of the antigranulocyte antibodies in the nodular
      sclerosing and lymphocyte depleted subtypes. Reed-Sternberg cells in all but
      three cases of mixed cellularity Hodgkin's disease were positive with both Leu-M1
      and 3C4. One case stained with only Leu-M1, and two cases were consistently
      negative with both antibodies. HLA-DR was widely expressed in the Reed-Sternberg
      cells of all three subtypes. In the four cases of lymphocyte predominant
      Hodgkin's disease the multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells did not stain with
      either antigranulocyte antibody but were strongly positive with anti-HLA-DR.
      Twenty five cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, in which there were multinucleated
      giant cells resembling Reed-Sternberg cells, were studied in a similar way. These
      cases included pleomorphic T cell and B cell lymphomas, histiocytic lymphomas,
      and malignant histiocytosis of the intestine. In none of these did the
      multinucleated cells stain with either antigranulocyte antibody, but in most
      cases the multinucleated cells stained with anti-HLA-DR. In two cases of the
      tumour stage of mycosis fungoides dot like intracytoplasmic staining was shown in
      the tumour cells with both antigranulocyte markers. The monoclonal
      antigranulocyte antibodies Leu-M1 and 3C4 are of considerable value in both the
      diagnosis and the differential diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease and are
      particularly valuable in that they can be applied to tissue fixed in formalin and
      embedded in paraffin. Antibody to HLA-DR, while useful, is of less value.

PMID- 3864797
TI  - Chemical modifications and genetic engineering of food proteins.
AB  - Relationships of structure to function of proteins can be studied using chemical
      modifications of amino-acid side chains and, more recently, recombinant
      deoxyribonucleic acid techniques to alter primary sequences. A wide array of
      chemical modifications are available to the food chemist for manipulating the
      functionality of food proteins. The esterification of side-chain carboxyl groups
      in proteins to yield polycationic polymers is emphasized in this review as an
      example of changing the functionality of a protein via chemical derivatization.
      However, chemical modifications of proteins generally suffer from a lack of
      control in the extent of derivatization attainable, oftentimes yielding
      polydisperse products. Recent advances in recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid
      technology offer the opportunity to relate systematically well-defined
      alterations in the primary sequence to changes in protein functionality. Using
      oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, one can now use synthetic
      oligodeoxynucleotides to prepare semisynthetic genes coding for specific changes
      in the primary sequence of proteins. Incorporation of the altered genes into an
      appropriate host can lead to the production of the modified protein for structure
      function relationship studies. These recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid techniques
      may eventually provide the means to engineer proteins and enzymes.

PMID- 3864798
TI  - The measured effect of phenytoin withdrawal on gingival hyperplasia in children.
AB  - Gingival enlargement was studied and measured in ten patients before, and for 18
      months after discontinuation of phenytoin therapy. A clinically evident decrease
      in gingival hyperplasia occurred after discontinuing phenytoin in all subjects;
      all subjects, however, had mild hyperplasia after 18 months. These results may
      encourage increased use of alternative antiseizure drugs.

PMID- 3864799
TI  - Changing positions of supernumerary teeth in the premaxilla: a radiographic
      study.
AB  - To evaluate possible change of position of unerupted supernumerary teeth in the
      premaxilla, thirty-one patients were followed clinically and radiographically.
      Alteration in position could be observed in fourteen cases. Occasionally,
      migration of supernumerary teeth may occur if surgical intervention is postponed,
      resulting in a more accessible position.

PMID- 3864800
TI  - Assessment of the systemic distribution and toxicity of formaldehyde following
      pulpotomy treatment: Part one.
AB  - This report, the first of a two-part study, was undertaken to quantitate the
      systemic distribution of formaldehyde from a pulpotomy site, and to compare this
      level to doses that elicit overt systemic pathology. Maxillary first molars of
      rats were pulpotomized and treated with 14C-labeled formaldehyde, for 5 minutes.
      Additionally, four groups of rats were infused with 10, 20, 30, or 50 percent of
      the first quantity applied to the site. The data show that approximately 30
      percent of the 14C-formaldehyde placed in the pulp chamber was distributed
      systemically; 50 percent to 59 percent was expired as CO2; and 2 percent was
      excreted.

PMID- 3864802
TI  - Troubleshooting for the laminate veneer restoration.
AB  - The laminate veneer restoration may present problems for the practitioner when
      stain lines occur at the incisal edge, after a period of use. This paper
      describes a successful conservative technique that avoids compromising the veneer
      by applying a heating source to a bleaching medium on the tooth.

PMID- 3864801
TI  - Proximoclusal composite restorations in primary molars: a six-year follow-up.
AB  - Composite resin was tested in shallow, class II cavities in 91 primary molars.
      The proportion of successful restorations decreased from 86 percent after the
      first year to 38 percent from the fourth to the sixth year. Altogether, 46
      percent were failures; significantly more failures occurred in the upper molars.
      The composite resin (concise Cap-C-Rynze) proved to be too sensitive to
      variations in clinical management.

PMID- 3864803
TI  - In vitro dissolution of human enamel after application of a mixture of stannous
      fluoride and amine fluoride 297: a pilot study.
AB  - Human enamel specimens were topically treated in vitro, using either a clear,
      aged aqueous mixture consisting of SnF2 and amine fluoride 297, or SnF2 alone,
      amine fluoride 297 alone, NaF, or water (as the negative control). The fluoride
      concentrations used were 250 ppm F1/n. The topically treated enamel specimens
      were then acid-etched for 5, 10, 15, and 15 seconds, respectively, in 2NHC1. The
      amount of phosphorous dissolved from the enamel and the depth of etch were both
      significantly less for the groups treated with SnF2/AmF297 and SnF2 alone, which
      indicated better protection against acid dissolution than the other three groups.

PMID- 3864804
TI  - Chin trauma as a cause of primary molar fracture: report of case.
AB  - Primary molars can fracture if a severe blow is received on the chin; the
      fracture can remain undiagnosed, with pain on mastication the only symptom. A
      case report is described in which an 81/2-year-old boy sustained chin trauma and
      fractures of primary molars.

PMID- 3864805
TI  - Autogenous third molar transplantation: report of case.
AB  - This case reports the surgical autogenous transplant of a third molar into a
      first molar recipient site. No antibiotic therapy was prescribed. Mechanical
      stabilization was minimal, because most of the splinting was provided by the
      adjacent teeth. Twenty-one months postoperatively, the tooth exhibited normal
      growth and absence of morbidity. The only abnormality was a decrease in the size
      of the pulp chamber.

PMID- 3864806
TI  - Fused primary teeth: a documented familial report of case.
AB  - A case report of fused teeth in two of five siblings is described. Both siblings
      had fusion of contralateral lower primary canines and lateral incisors. One had
      aplasia of one of the succedaneous lateral incisors.

PMID- 3864807
TI  - [Geriatric dentistry in Quebec].

PMID- 3864808
TI  - [Abrasive power of dentifrices--a dentifrice for everyone].

PMID- 3864809
TI  - [Comparative study of the viscosity of photo-polymerizable composite resins].

PMID- 3864810
TI  - [Socio-demographic and dental characteristics of the aged in Quebec].

PMID- 3864811
TI  - [The "Optura" system for the injection of thermo-plasticized gutta-percha into
      root canals].

PMID- 3864812
TI  - [Anomalies detected by radiography].

PMID- 3864813
TI  - Proceedings of the third annual conference, the Robert Wood Johnson Dental
      Services Research Scholars Program. Washington, D.C., June 4-5, 1985.

PMID- 3864814
TI  - State policy development and the dental profession--a challenge for the 1980s.

PMID- 3864815
TI  - Business coalitions and the purchase of dental care.

PMID- 3864816
TI  - A dental education perspective on dental health policy.

PMID- 3864817
TI  - Dental research policy: who decides?

PMID- 3864818
TI  - Conflicting interests of state boards and the public welfare.

PMID- 3864819
TI  - Dental health policy development.

PMID- 3864820
TI  - Rationing and rationalizing hospital care.

PMID- 3864821
TI  - A methodology for a pilot study to develop a geriatric oral health status index.

PMID- 3864822
TI  - Cumulative incidence of need for restorative dental treatment.

PMID- 3864823
TI  - Clinicians' perceptions of restoration longevity.

PMID- 3864824
TI  - An analysis of inpatient dental surgical rates.

PMID- 3864825
TI  - Career expectations and realities for the class of 1980.

PMID- 3864826
TI  - The future of the dental profession.

PMID- 3864827
TI  - Format selection in machine-scored classroom achievement tests.
AB  - Performance on classroom achievement tests should reflect student accomplishment
      on a targeted set of instructional objectives. One prerequisite for meaningful
      edumetric assessment is the structuring of each component item in an appropriate
      format. In a comparative study measuring the effect of item format on student
      performance, incorrect choices were selected 2.4-fold more frequently on multiple
      choice items than on their content-identical, multiple true-false derivatives. On
      similar trials, scores on complex multiple-choice items ranged upward of 20
      percent higher than on their content-identical, multiple true-false counterparts.
      The strengths and weaknesses of various test item formats are discussed and
      specific recommendations for format selection are made.

PMID- 3864828
TI  - A method to review and revise the dental curriculum.
AB  - A major problem in dental education has been the inability of dental educators to
      add to, delete from, and modify the curriculum efficiently. This has been
      especially true in the case of deleting material that no longer is appropriate
      and whose presence hinders the addition of new material. Continuous modification
      of the core curriculum in a systematic and equitable manner is essential to
      meeting the needs of future graduates. In conjunction with a flexible, modular
      core curriculum, the review/revision process at the University of Florida College
      of Dentistry appears to be successful. This paper describes the organizational
      and operational aspects of this system, discusses experiences with its use over
      the past ten years, and projects further refinements of the process.

PMID- 3864829
TI  - Clinical medicine for dental students.
AB  - A program in clinical medicine for dental students was introduced at the Tufts
      University School of Dental Medicine in 1974. Instruction in medical topics is
      delivered throughout the dental curriculum. Faculty and patient resources of the
      School of Dental Medicine, the School of Medicine, and the adjacent New England
      Medical Center Hospital are used. The ten-year evolution of this program is
      described in relation to the problems that had to be overcome. A survey of alumni
      indicated that the graduates who had taken the program felt better trained in
      physical evaluation techniques and reported higher frequencies of detecting
      medical problems in their patients than those who had not.

PMID- 3864830
TI  - Microbiology teaching in American dental schools.
AB  - A comprehensive questionnaire on current practices relevant to teaching
      microbiology to dental students was sent to all dental schools in the United
      States. The survey collected information on resources available, modes of
      teaching, and evaluation processes. Seventy percent (42/60) of the schools
      responded. Great variation was found in the teaching of microbiology largely due
      to the variety of educational resources, perspective of subject matter by the
      faculty, and the backgrounds of entering students. Data are presented that
      document the integration of microbiology with other courses, placement of
      microbiology in the curriculum, class attendance policies, availability of
      advanced selective and/or elective courses, and National Board reviews. These and
      other data indicate some prevailing trends in the teaching of microbiology to
      dental students.

PMID- 3864831
TI  - Suggested revisions in the radiology curriculum based on probable future trends.
AB  - Based on the trends noted in a recent survey of dental practitioners, the
      following areas in the predoctoral dental radiology curriculum should be
      emphasized: clinical use of rectangular cones; clinical use of E speed intraoral
      film; theory, maintenance, and use of automatic processors; theory and clinical
      use of panoramic machines; and opportunities to teach clinical techniques to
      others.

PMID- 3864832
TI  - Comparison of three intraoral hand mirror positions.

PMID- 3864833
TI  - Medical emergencies in dental hygiene programs.

PMID- 3864834
TI  - Curriculum guidelines for clinical dental hygiene.

PMID- 3864835
TI  - AIDS alert.

PMID- 3864836
TI  - TMJ disk risk.

PMID- 3864837
TI  - Dental research in perspective: a conversation with Irwin Mandel, DDS, the first
      recipient of the ADA Gold Medal Award for Excellence in Dental Research.

PMID- 3864839
TI  - Gingival squamous cell carcinoma appearing as a benign lesion: report of case.
AB  - A case of a 37-year-old female who had a squamous cell carcinoma on the attached
      gingiva is discussed. The report emphasizes the importance of a correct diagnosis
      of all lesions, including lesions that appear atypical. A brief review of the
      literature also is presented.

PMID- 3864838
TI  - The effectiveness of iontophoresis in reducing dentin hypersensitivity.

PMID- 3864840
TI  - A mandibular first molar with five canals: report of case.
AB  - This report presents a case report and literature review that show the root canal
      system to be a variable entity and emphasize the need for the practitioner to
      perform a complete examination of the pulpal floor of the tooth even after the
      anticipated number of canal orifices is identified.

PMID- 3864841
TI  - A lip-activated appliance in early orthodontic treatment.
AB  - After reviewing the modes of action and types of lip-activated appliances, three
      cases were reported. A mandibular lip-activated appliance was used to gain space
      among the incisors and mesial to the mandibular permanent first molars; a
      maxillary lip-activated appliance was used to correct an anterior crossbite by
      labial movement of the incisors; and a modified lip-activated appliance was used
      to expand maxillary molars buccally.

PMID- 3864842
TI  - Occupational exposure to mercury in dentistry and pregnancy outcome.
AB  - A questionnaire was mailed to dentists and dental assistants requesting
      information about work, health, and reproductive history. Statistical analysis of
      the data indicated that there were no increased rates of spontaneous abortions or
      congenital abnormalities in the children of men and women who were exposed to low
      versus high levels of mercury in a dental environment.

PMID- 3864843
TI  - Painless, irregularly shaped erythematous area on the middorsum of the tongue.
AB  - Regardless of what name is used to identify the lesion and its nature of origin,
      clinicians should be aware of the clinical features and biologic activity of this
      relatively common oral abnormality and be prepared to reassure patients of the
      innocuous nature of the lesion.

PMID- 3864844
TI  - Response of general practitioners to a national dental office evaluation program.
      Office of Quality Assurance.
AB  - The methods used and the results achieved in an effort to solicit 300 volunteers
      to test the feasibility of a dental office assessment instrument have been
      described. In response to personal letters to general practitioners in 14 states,
      13.9% returned a card indicating a willingness to consider participation. The
      response rate from different states ranged from 8% to 21.7% with the response
      being more favorable from states with fewer dentists. Year of graduation from
      dental school had little effect on the rate of response. Rural dentists responded
      at a slightly more favorable rate. Of dentists responding, 71% did so within 2
      weeks and 90% within the first month after receiving the solicitation. Mail
      solicitation can be used successfully in recruiting private practitioners for
      participation in an in-office practice assessment program.

PMID- 3864845
TI  - Products for your practice.

PMID- 3864846
TI  - Opposition to fluoride programs. Council on Dental Health and Health Planning.

PMID- 3864847
TI  - For the patient's health.

PMID- 3864848
TI  - Licensure--suggestions for change.

PMID- 3864849
TI  - A realistic approach to locating dental practices: further considerations.
AB  - There are considerable demographic data that can be used in an organized manner
      to give dentists and graduating dental students greater insight relative to
      locating dental practices. This article further explores the concept and
      emphasizes the methods that can be used to measure and compare qualitatively the
      suitability of communities (service areas) and specific sites as practice
      locations. In addition, a method is reported that enables the user to ascertain
      the representativeness of a service area in terms of the demographic factors that
      affect the demand for dental services.

PMID- 3864850
TI  - Tooth extraction by orthodontic force after radiation therapy: report of case.
AB  - This report presents a therapeutic approach to orthodontic tooth extraction in a
      patient at high risk for the development of osteoradionecrosis with conventional
      techniques. The rationale for this procedure is discussed in detail, combining
      principles of radiation biology, clinical radiation therapy, and biomechanics of
      tooth movement.

PMID- 3864851
TI  - Prevalence of root and coronal caries in a noninstitutionalized older population.
AB  - This paper describes the prevalence of coronal caries and root caries in a sample
      of 520 people representative of the noninstitutionalized, dentate population
      older than age 65 in two rural Iowa counties. The subjects were examined in their
      homes by trained dental examiners. All prevalence rates were age- and gender
      adjusted. Both types of caries were prevalent in the population age 65 and older.
      If projections of increased numbers of older people and increased retention of
      teeth are reasonably accurate, caries in older populations may become a
      significantly greater dental problem, and increased prevention and treatment of
      caries will be needed for these people.

PMID- 3864852
TI  - A clinical comparison of X-ray films for detection of proximal surface caries.
AB  - This clinical study compares the diagnostic yield of Kodak Ektaspeed with the
      diagnostic yield of Kodak Ultraspeed using a split-mouth experimental design and
      proximal surface carious lesions as the test objects. Assuming that proximal
      surface carious lesions are distributed randomly in a given patient and in the
      population at large, then any difference in the diagnostic quality of either of
      the films should be disclosed as a difference in the frequency and distribution
      of lesions identified with either of the films. No statistical difference was
      observed, which suggests that the two films perform equally well for the
      diagnostic task of detecting proximal surface carious lesions. Considering that
      there is a 40% to 50% reduction in radiation exposure to the patient when the
      faster film is used, it appears that Kodak Ektaspeed should be the preferred film
      for the dental practitioner.

PMID- 3864853
TI  - Use of Hedstrom file for removal of fractured root tips.
AB  - The foregoing case report describes a procedure that can be used to remove newly
      fractured roots. It is recommended that a Hedstrom file be used in cases in which
      the roots are loosened before they are fractured and provided that proper
      visibility and sufficient space in the root canal in which to introduce the file
      exist. This method, used alone or in combination with closed or open procedures,
      can be helpful for removing roots that are close to the maxillary sinus or
      mandibular canal. In the aforementioned case, the Hedstrom file's being threaded
      into the root tip was a safeguard against pushing the root tips into the
      surrounding anatomic structures. A method of using a Hedstrom file has been
      described for the removal of newly fractured root tips. If conditions are
      adequate, this method is simple and effective.

PMID- 3864854
TI  - Flattened papillary mass on the posterior hard palate.
AB  - An unusually large, asymptomatic, exophytic mass of the palate with a papillary
      surface architecture--characteristic of an oral squamous papilloma--has been
      presented. The cause of the squamous papilloma is unknown. Surgical excision,
      with microscopic examination of removed tissue, is the preferred treatment.
      Recurrence or malignant change, or both, are unusual.

PMID- 3864855
TI  - Continuing education course listing for January to June 1986. Department of
      Membership and Continuing Education Records.

PMID- 3864856
TI  - Osteogenic sarcomas mimicking left atrial myxomas: clinical and two-dimensional
      echocardiographic features.
AB  - Two patients presenting with acute pulmonary edema were found to have a left
      atrial cardiac osteogenic sarcoma (primary and secondary). The two-dimensional
      echocardiographic appearance in both cases mimicked that of atrial myxoma.
      However, two echocardiographic features (that is, tumor extension into pulmonary
      veins and origin from nonseptal atrial walls) suggested the presence of a
      nonmyxomatous cardiac tumor.

PMID- 3864857
TI  - Methylprednisolone-induced hypertension in the rat: evidence against the role of
      plasma volume changes, vasopressin and renal prostaglandin E2.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to clarify the mechanism(s) of glucocorticoid
      induced hypertension. Hypertension was induced in rats by single i.m. injection
      of methylprednisolone (MP) 20 mg/kg. In normal Wistar rats, systolic blood
      pressure (SBP) increased by 30 mmHg from days 2 to 10 after MP. Urinary sodium
      excretion increased transiently and sodium balance was negative. Plasma volume
      (PV; ml/100 g body weight) increased on day 5, but was unchanged on day 2 after
      MP, at a time when SBP had already increased. In rats with chronic renal failure
      (CRF) and low sodium intake, SBP increased more than in control rats (48 versus
      22 mmHg on day 10). Hypertension was not accompanied by a significant drop in
      urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; measured by radio-immunoassay). In
      normal MP-injected rats, PGE2 excretion decreased slightly and then increased; in
      CRF rats, basal PGE2 excretion was too low to evaluate the effect of MP. In
      homozygous Brattleboro rats lacking antidiuretic hormone (ADH), MP increased SBP
      by 28 mmHg (day 10). Similar changes were obtained in heterozygous Brattleboro
      rats. The changes in PV were identical to those found in Wistar rats. We conclude
      that increase in PV, change in PGE2 and vasopressin do not play a key role in MP
      hypertension. Direct effect of glucocorticoid on vascular receptors is likely to
      be involved in this model.

PMID- 3864858
TI  - Cyclosporine blocks the induction of class I and class II MHC products in mouse
      kidney by graft-vs-host disease.
AB  - The ability of cyclosporine to prevent the increase in Ia and H-2K expression
      that occurs in mice with graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) was examined by means of
      absorption, indirect immunofluorescent staining (IIF), and indirect
      immunoperoxidase staining (IIP). Acute GVHD was induced in irradiated C3H/HeJ
      mice (H-2k) by injections of bone marrow and spleen cells from C57BL/6J mice (H
      2b). Ten days after induction of acute GVHD, the spleens of mice not receiving
      cyclosporine expressed only donor Ia, reflecting their reconstitution by donor
      cells. The kidneys of such mice had a 10-fold increase in host Ia and H-2K
      expression, as previously reported. Treatment with cyclosporine reduced the
      amount of donor Ia and H-2K in spleens, and prevented the enhanced expression of
      recipient Ia and H-2K in kidneys in a dose-dependent manner. IIF or IIP staining
      showed that the principal change was in kidney tubules, where the induction of Ia
      and H-2K expression was greatly diminished. Cyclosporine administered to normal
      mice did not alter Ia expression except at high doses, at which it decreased Ia
      expression in kidneys and in spleens. The results suggest that prevention of
      enhanced MHC product expression could be part of the immunosuppressive actions of
      cyclosporine.

PMID- 3864860
TI  - Case of the month. Papilloma.

PMID- 3864859
TI  - Evidence for an early calcium-independent event in the activation of the human
      natural killer cell cytolytic mechanism.
AB  - In this study, we examined the functional status of human natural killer (NK)
      cells after their direct interaction with the NK-sensitive tumor target cell
      (TC), K562. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes depleted of adherent cells were
      incubated for 4 hr with unlabeled K562 cells at an effector cell (EC) to TC ratio
      of 2:1. After incubation, the EC were separated from the TC via centrifugation
      over a single-step Percoll gradient. K562-treated and separated EC were
      subsequently shown to be unable to lyse fresh K562 TC when retested in the
      standard chromium-release assay. Kinetic studies revealed that greater than 90%
      inactivation of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) could be achieved within 2
      hr. Inactivation of NK-CMC by K562 was not caused by a specific loss of NK cells,
      as detected by changes in the expression of two NK cell-associated markers, Leu-7
      and Leu-11, or to alterations in EC viability and target binding cell capacity.
      Interestingly, NK inactivation also occurred in medium devoid of extracellular
      calcium, although parallel testing of NK-CMC in the same medium resulted in no
      chromium release. NK inactivation, however, was significantly prevented when the
      EC and TC were co-incubated at 4 degrees C, or in medium without magnesium.
      Additional studies revealed that inactivation of NK-CMC could be achieved with
      another NK-sensitive, but not with an NK-resistant TC. Overall, we demonstrated
      that NK cells rapidly lost their lytic potential after direct interaction with a
      sensitive TC, although the cells remained viable, expressed the same percentage
      of Leu-7 and Leu-11, and could still bind the TC; and NK inactivation occurred in
      the absence of extracellular calcium, but not when EC and TC were incubated in
      medium without magnesium. These latter results provide evidence for an early
      event in the activation of human NK cells that is binding dependent, temperature
      sensitive, and independent of extracellular calcium.

PMID- 3864861
TI  - Interpret your X-rays. Foreign bodies.

PMID- 3864862
TI  - The median mandibular cyst: fact or fiction?

PMID- 3864863
TI  - Fractures of the facial skeleton. A retrospective survey of 624 cases.

PMID- 3864864
TI  - Unusual cysts of the jaws.

PMID- 3864865
TI  - An unusual deposition of calculus--a case report.

PMID- 3864866
TI  - Blood groups in oral lichen planus in southern Orissa.

PMID- 3864867
TI  - Complex odontome--a case report.

PMID- 3864868
TI  - An improved method to determine interstitial fluid pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 3864869
TI  - Long-term effects of treatment of craniomandibular disorders.

PMID- 3864870
TI  - Joint distraction and condyle advancement with a modified functional distraction
      appliance.

PMID- 3864871
TI  - Correlation of sagittal computed tomography of the temporomandibular joint with
      surgical findings.

PMID- 3864872
TI  - Functional disturbances and diseases in the stomatognathic system among 7- to 18
      year-olds.

PMID- 3864873
TI  - Fibrous component of the temporomandibular joint disk.

PMID- 3864874
TI  - Tissue identification of the TMJ disk and disk attachments and related
      vascularization.

PMID- 3864875
TI  - Dental considerations of the craniosacral mechanism.

PMID- 3864876
TI  - Temporomandibular joint repositioning and exercise performance: a double-blind
      study.

PMID- 3864877
TI  - Myasthenia gravis: a case report.

PMID- 3864878
TI  - Cinefluorography of the temporomandibular joint.

PMID- 3864879
TI  - A 50-year-old female with painful reciprocal clicking of the temporomandibular
      joint.

PMID- 3864880
TI  - [Blastogenic responses of gingival lymphocytes to mitogens in experimental
      periodontitis in dogs].

PMID- 3864881
TI  - [Bacterial endotoxin from Fusobacterium nucleatum--particularly the role of
      endotoxin in periodontal diseases].

PMID- 3864882
TI  - [The wear of toothbrush bristles using the scrubbing toothbrushing method with
      special consideration as to the brushing force].

PMID- 3864883
TI  - [Technological imaging study of periodontal disease. 2. Effect of K.V. and
      density change on the Wiener spectrum].

PMID- 3864884
TI  - [Bacteriological study of periodontal pockets from patients with advancing
      periodontitis after flap surgery].

PMID- 3864885
TI  - [Occurrence of oral trichomonads (Trichomonas tenax) in subgingival plaque
      materials].

PMID- 3864886
TI  - [Electron probe microanalysis of new connective tissue attachment areas].

PMID- 3864887
TI  - [Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies on acute necrotizing ulcerative
      gingivitis].

PMID- 3864888
TI  - [Epidemiological survey of periodontal disease in nursing homes for aged
      patients. 1. Oral hygiene status and prevalence of gingival inflammation].

PMID- 3864889
TI  - [Periodontal status of 15-18-year-old students in Kansai region].

PMID- 3864890
TI  - [A survey of periodontal diseases using the WHO Community Periodontal Index of
      Treatment Needs (CPITN)].

PMID- 3864891
TI  - [The development of a new occlusal sound checker].

PMID- 3864892
TI  - [A morphological study of the palate, with particular reference to gnatho-facial
      relations].

PMID- 3864893
TI  - [The application of computed radiography to lateral cephalograms].

PMID- 3864894
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy observations of the vascular system of rat molar
      periodontium].

PMID- 3864895
TI  - [Determination of mandibular rest position after deglutition].

PMID- 3864896
TI  - [The action pattern of maxillary extra-oral anchorage appliances using
      holographic interferometry].

PMID- 3864897
TI  - [Orthodontic treatment and the chin--measurement of chin size].

PMID- 3864898
TI  - [Japanese normal standards in Burstone's and others cephalometry for orthognathic
      surgery (COGS)].

PMID- 3864899
TI  - The nature of the pain reaction associated with orthodontic tooth movement.

PMID- 3864900
TI  - [Morphological changes in young rat mandible after release of muscle function
      during growth].

PMID- 3864902
TI  - [Changes in swallowing patterns while wearing an activator--occlusal forces
      measured by sound transmission].

PMID- 3864901
TI  - [Orthodontists and orthognathic surgery--questionnaire in the Chicago area].

PMID- 3864903
TI  - [Surgical-orthodontic correction of mandibular prognathism due to acromegaly--a
      case report].

PMID- 3864904
TI  - [Combined orthodontic-periodontal treatments for juvenile patients with malposed
      incisors].

PMID- 3864905
TI  - Malignant bone and soft-tissue tumor and HLA.
AB  - Certain HLA antigens have been found to possess positive associations with a
      number of disease. Weak associations have been recognized for a number of
      malignancies. In our present study, we contemplated unraveling the relationship
      between HLA antigens and malignant bone and soft-tissue tumor. A homogeneous
      group of thirty Japanese patients underwent tissue-typing for the expression of
      HLA-A, B, DR and DQ antigens. Significant increases were noted in the frequencies
      of HLA-A 26, B 39 and DR blank antigens. When these subjects were subdivided into
      two groups according to their age of onset, the frequencies of HLA-A 26 and B 39
      were noticed to be increased among the juvenile group only. Frequency of HLA-DR
      blank was increased in both groups. The frequency of HLA-B 12 was observed to be
      increased among those and especially in the juvenile group who developed
      pulmonary metastases within one year after initiation of treatment. Half of the
      ten poor prognosis cases carried this antigen. The etiological and prognostic
      significance of these findings remain to be determined.

PMID- 3864907
TI  - [Wound healing of a cut tongue with severance of the lingual artery and nerve].

PMID- 3864906
TI  - [Electron microscopy and carbohydrate immunohistochemical study of rat
      submandibular glands in experimental diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3864908
TI  - Selectively eliminated blood monocytes and splenic suppressor macrophages in mice
      depleted of bone marrow by strontium 89.
AB  - The contribution of specific activity to the effects of the bone-seeking isotope,
      strontium 89 on radiosensitive components of mononuclear phagocyte populations
      was investigated in mice. CBA/J mice received a fixed dose of 2 microCi/g body
      weight of 89Sr with three different specific activities, 6 Ci, 100 microCi and 20
      microCi per mg Sr. The estimated radioactivity located in the bone surface was
      4,200, 3,000 and 2,400 cpm/mg bone when measured 2 days after the administration
      of 89Sr, and was lost with an estimated biological half-life of 27, 25, and 23
      days, respectively. Bone marrow suppression was assessed by quantitation of the
      depletion of macrophage-colony forming cells (M-CFC) grown in vitro in the
      presence of macrophage growth factor. The decline in M-CFC closely paralleled the
      level of radioactivity in the bone. These effects were clearly reflected by the
      depletion of monocytes in the blood, which were reduced to 14%, 14%, and 21% of
      control levels corresponding to SA's of 6 Ci/mg, 100 microCi/mg and 20 microCi/mg
      when counted on day 10. By day 30 the respective monocyte levels were 15%, 31%,
      and 77%. Furthermore, the induction of prostaglandin E producing suppressor
      macrophages (M phi) by Corynebacterium parvum administration was found to vary
      inversely with the effects of radioactivity in the bone, with initial impairment
      followed by quantitative recovery. Resident-type M phi in peritoneal cavity,
      however, appear to be unaffected by 89Sr-treatment. These data suggest, as
      before, that the monocytes and suppressor M phi are dependent on radiosensitive
      marrow cells. The observations also lead to the conclusion that the specific
      activity of 89Sr preparations is an important determinant of the degree of
      suppression and of the rate of recovery of bone marrow from the effects of
      irradiation that follow the administration of this isotope.

PMID- 3864910
TI  - Macrophage-like tumor cells as tools to study chemoattractive activity.
AB  - Macrophage-like tumor cells can be obtained in large quantities as rather
      homogeneous populations, making these cells useful for chemotaxis assays.
      Therefore, macrophage-like cells J774A, WEHI-3, P388D1, IC-21, and NCTC 1469, all
      of murine origin, and U937 of human origin, were tested for chemotactic activity
      to a number of chemoattractive agents, such as casein, an N-formyl tetrapeptide
      (N-formyl-L-norleucyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-tyrosine), and culture
      supernatants of murine SL2 lymphoma cells. J774A and WEHI-3 macrophage-like cells
      of murine (BALB/c) origin expressed the strongest chemotactic activity to casein
      and N-formyl tetrapeptide, respectively. The results show that: very standardized
      chemotaxis assays can be performed using these cell lines; these assays require
      appropriate cell line-stimulus combinations; there are substantial differences
      among cell lines as to sensitivity to various chemoattractive substances;
      macrophage cell lines and functional mutants may be helpful for the study of
      receptors for chemotaxins and the study of transducer signals for chemotaxis.

PMID- 3864909
TI  - Induction of macrophage growth by the lipid moiety of lipoprotein and its
      augmentation by denaturation of the lipoproteins.
AB  - Lipoprotein (d less than 1.21) isolated from mouse tumor ascitic fluid or mouse
      serum induced growth of peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Lipoprotein fractions
      that stimulated macrophage growth were the chylomicron, very-low-density
      lipoprotein (VLDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), whereas the high-density
      lipoprotein (HDL) fraction did not. Lipids extracted from total lipoprotein also
      showed significant macrophage-growth-stimulating activity and lost this activity
      when hydrolyzed. The macrophage-growth-stimulating activity of the lipoprotein (d
      less than 1.21) was increased about ten times by heat treatment of the
      lipoprotein (100 degrees C, 30 min). The HDL fraction that had no activity in the
      native form also showed activity after heat treatment. Lipoprotein-depleted
      ascitic fluid and simple proteins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) had no
      activity even after heat treatment. These results show that the lipid moiety of
      lipoproteins caused proliferation of macrophages and that denatured lipoproteins
      were more effective than native ones.

PMID- 3864911
TI  - Effect of stress administered during pregnancy on the development of fetal testes
      and their subsequent function in the adult rat.
AB  - When maternal stress, containing a large anxiety component, was administered
      during pregnancy there was a significant decrease in 3 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) activity in the fetal testis from days 16 to 20 of
      gestation, but not at birth nor in the first week after birth. However,
      persistent effects were found in adult males of 90 days of age. Basal
      testosterone concentrations in both plasma and testes and testicular 3 beta-HSD
      activity were significantly lower whilst basal plasma progesterone concentrations
      were significantly higher in the stressed group. When the stressed offspring were
      subjected to short-term stress (one session), their plasma testosterone
      concentration was significantly below that of the controls. It is suggested that
      suppressed gonadotrophin secretion during critical periods of development alters
      fetal testicular function, and that raised circulating levels of stress-induced
      hormones such as beta-endorphin may be responsible for changes in gonadotrophin
      secretion.

PMID- 3864912
TI  - Comparison of two pH levels for the induction of apical barriers in immature
      teeth of monkeys.

PMID- 3864913
TI  - Pulp capping in monkeys with Reolit and Life, two calcium hydroxide bases with
      different pH.

PMID- 3864915
TI  - Referred pain from a myofascial trigger point mimicking pain of endodontic
      origin.

PMID- 3864914
TI  - Effects of endodontic materials on cell viability across standard pore size
      filters.

PMID- 3864917
TI  - Electrophysiologic effects of amiodarone in tachyarrhythmias.

PMID- 3864916
TI  - Invariant chain is the core protein of the Ia-associated chondroitin sulfate
      proteoglycan.
AB  - The murine Ia-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) was studied both
      biochemically and immunochemically to determine the nature of its core protein.
      Chondroitinase ABC or chondroitinase AC treatment of the CSPG digested the
      chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan, yielding a core protein that migrated with
      an apparent molecular weight of 38,000. Comparative V8 protease digestion of the
      CSPG core protein and conventional invariant glycoproteins yielded homologous
      peptides, indicating that the core protein and invariant chain were structurally
      similar. The purified CSPG and its core protein were both shown to react directly
      with the monoclonal anti-invariant chain antibody, In-1. Comparative tryptic
      peptide analysis by high performance liquid chromatography demonstrated coelution
      of the majority of the peptides from the invariant chain and the CSPG core
      protein. Collectively, these results indicate that the CSPG is an alternatively
      processed form of invariant chain.

PMID- 3864918
TI  - [Epidemiological study on blood pressure and hyperlipidemia of school children in
      Taipei City].

PMID- 3864919
TI  - Cytophotometric measurements of nuclear DNA content of bronchogenic carcinomas.
      II. The DNA ploidy and proliferative activity of bronchogenic carcinomas.

PMID- 3864920
TI  - [The cytologic diagnosis of lung cancer].

PMID- 3864921
TI  - Occupational exposure to hepatitis B virus among hospital personnel.

PMID- 3864922
TI  - [Effect of ranitidine on hepatic lobectomy rats].

PMID- 3864923
TI  - Macrophage reaction in fulminant hepatic failure.

PMID- 3864924
TI  - Carbohydrate antigen (CA 19-9)--a valuable tumor marker of pancreatic cancer.

PMID- 3864925
TI  - [Renal handling of lactate in normal Chinese subjects].

PMID- 3864926
TI  - The optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for penile erection in dogs.

PMID- 3864927
TI  - [Early result of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy].

PMID- 3864928
TI  - [Multifocal Warthin's tumor--report of 3 cases].

PMID- 3864929
TI  - Protoplast fusion as a tool for genetic analysis in Cephalosporium acremonium.
AB  - Protoplasts of nutritionally complementary strains of Cephalosporium acremonium
      were fused and plated onto media which supressed the growth of both parents. The
      regenerating colonies were used for genetic analysis and were found to be of two
      types, stable haploid recombinants and unstable heterozygotes (aneuploids and/or
      diploids). Analysis of these colonies provided evidence for eight linkage groups
      and a relatively high rate of mitotic crossing-over. The gene order for three of
      the markers on one linkage group was also determined.

PMID- 3864931
TI  - Ataxia-telangiectasia: genetics, neuropathology, and immunology of a degenerative
      disease of childhood. Proceedings of a conference. Solvang, California, January
      16-20, 1984.

PMID- 3864930
TI  - Eating disorders and social maladjustment in female medical students.
AB  - A survey of eating disorders in female medical students showed that 15% had a
      lifetime history of bulimia or anorexia nervosa. On the work, social/leisure, and
      overall subscales of the Social Adjustment Scale Self-Report, those medical
      students who had current or previous eating disorders reported greater social
      maladjustment then medical students who did not have eating disorders.

PMID- 3864932
TI  - An assessment of the radiosensitivity of ataxia-telangiectasia heterozygotes.
AB  - Heterozygotes of ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) can, in certain parts of the world,
      represent a significant proportion of the population. Epidemiological studies
      suggest that they are more cancer prone than normal individuals. Fibroblasts of
      five AT heterozygotes are significantly more sensitive to gamma irradiation (mean
      D0 = 1.18 Gy) than five normals (mean D0 = 1.49 Gy) although some overlap in
      response is observed. Experiments designed to maximize differences in survival by
      allowing a period for the repair of potentially lethal damage (PLD) showed that
      only one out of five AT heterozygotes was defective in the repair of PLD. This
      technique does not, therefore, permit an improved discrimination of AT
      heterozygotes. Two AT heterozygotes were tested for their ability to repair
      lesions that give rise to micronuclei. Both, like the homozygote, were seen to be
      defective in this capacity. Defects in the repair of chromosome damage may permit
      a cellular discrimination of the heterozygotes.

PMID- 3864933
TI  - In vitro phenotype of ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) fibroblast strains: clues to the
      nature of the "AT DNA lesion" and the molecular defect in AT.
AB  - Studies of the in vitro phenotype of a series of AT strains established in Israel
      revealed the following features: premature senescence and increased demands for
      growth factors, normal sensitivity to the cytotoxic effect of alkylating agents,
      hypersensitivity to agents that damage the deoxyribose moiety of DNA via a
      "targeted" free radical attack (this hypersensitivity is coupled with reduced
      inhibition of DNA synthesis compared to normal cells), varying degrees of
      intermediate hypersensitivity to the same agents in AT heterozygous cells, lack
      of potentially lethal damage repair and sublethal damage repair in AT homozygous
      cells following treatment with free radical-producing agents. We conclude that AT
      involves a DNA repair defect and that the AT DNA lesion is probably a gap with
      the 3'-phosphate or 3'-phosphoglycolate end left in the DNA following sugar
      destruction.

PMID- 3864934
TI  - Considerations affecting the feasibility of mapping a single-gene disorder using
      restriction fragment polymorphisms, with special reference to ataxia
      telangiectasia.

PMID- 3864935
TI  - Genetics and epidemiology of ataxia-telangiectasia.
AB  - According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, the frequency in the general
      population of heterozygous carriers of a gene causing an autosomal recessive
      syndrome in homozygotes is likely to be between 0.1% and 5%. It is thus important
      to know whether carriers of the AT gene have a risk of cancer or diabetes greater
      than comparable noncarriers. A retrospective study of blood relatives in 26 AT
      families, and follow-up of the obligatory heterozygotes in those families,
      demonstrated an excess of diabetes, deaths from cancer, and deaths from ischemic
      heart disease among obligatory or probable AT heterozygotes. Hypotheses about the
      disease-predisposing effects of the AT gene in the heterozygote are now being
      reexamined, retrospectively and prospectively, in almost 150 newly identified AT
      families. Specific tests for the AT gene will permit even more rigorous tests of
      these hypotheses.

PMID- 3864936
TI  - Complementation analysis of ataxia-telangiectasia.
AB  - In a number of laboratories genetic analysis of ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) has
      been performed by studying the expression of the AT phenotype in fused somatic
      cells or mixtures of cell-free extracts from different patients. Complementation
      of the defective response to ionizing radiation was observed frequently,
      considering four different parameters for radiosensitivity in AT. The combined
      results from studies on cultured fibroblasts or lymphoblastoid cells from 17
      unrelated families revealed the presence of at least four and possibly nine
      complementation groups. These findings suggest that there is an extensive genetic
      heterogeneity in AT. More extensive studies are needed for an integration of
      these data and to provide a set of genetically characterized cell strains for
      future research of the AT genetic defect.

PMID- 3864937
TI  - Cerebellar pathology in ataxia-telangiectasia: the significance of basket cells.
AB  - The unique neuropathology of AT is discussed, focusing on changes in the
      cerebellum--site of the most consistent and severe findings. In the cerebellum,
      despite marked Purkinje cell and granule cell loss and thinning of the molecular
      layer, the basket cells are relatively preserved, as demonstrated by the
      Bielschowsky staining. To document that basket cells do, indeed, represent a
      "footprint" of where Purkinje cells once existed, we examined the cerebellum of
      patients with chronic alcohol abuse. We again found normal numbers of "empty"
      basket cells. This suggests that AT is a degenerative condition in which the
      Purkinje cell layer forms, perhaps abnormally, but then undergoes neuronal
      depletion.

PMID- 3864938
TI  - Sequence of cellular events in cerebellar ontogeny relevant to expression of
      neuronal abnormalities in ataxia-telangiectasia.
AB  - An attempt was made to relate expression of neuronal abnormalities in ataxia
      telangiectasia (AT) to the sequence of normal cellular events in the developing
      human cerebellum. Previous light and electron microscopic analyses indicate that
      the cerebellar cortex in humans develops during a protracted period that spans 8
      fetal and 12 postnatal months. However, the Purkinje cells that comprise the most
      obvious lesion in the AT disorder are all generated before the end of the fourth
      fetal month. Correlative Golgi studies in human and [3H]thymidine labeling of DNA
      in dividing cerebellar cells in rhesus monkey demonstrate that after the last
      mitotic division Purkinje cells migrate to the cortical plate where they form a
      well-defined stratum below the embryonic molecular layer. Only thereafter do they
      begin to differentiate and develop their large dendritic tree. The dendrites grow
      in coordination and simultaneously with the genesis of parallel fibers in the
      molecular layer. The parallel fibers--the horizontal portion of granule cell
      axons--form between the fourth fetal and twelfth postnatal month in a well
      defined inside-outside order, the earliest generated fibers being situated near
      the Purkinje cell layer and the last fibers generated lying closer to the pial
      surface. The four cases of AT examined in this study showed the usual
      neuropathological changes, which include a variable degree of Purkinje and
      granule cell loss. However, we emphasize here an abnormality of dendritic
      arborization and the presence of displaced Purkinje cells, which are situated in
      the middle and superficial strata of the molecular layer. Based on the sequence
      of histogenetic events, we argue that neither abnormal arborization nor aberrant
      position could be attained after parallel fibers of the deeper strata have been
      laid down and after Purkinje cells have formed their dendritic tree. Therefore,
      we suggest that the AT disorder in these cases must affect Purkinje cell
      differentiation or the interaction of these cells with parallel fibers during the
      first half of gestation, which is considerably earlier than any other recognized
      expression of the disorder. The subsequent degeneration of Purkinje cells is
      apparently not related to the aberrant position of the somas, since many Purkinje
      cells situated in normal position also die and there is no evidence that
      displaced cells degenerate at a slower or more rapid rate. The early expression
      of AT in the central nervous system provides new insight into possible
      pathogenesis and opens new avenues for research.

PMID- 3864939
TI  - On the nature of a "DNA-processing" defect in ataxia-telangiectasia.

PMID- 3864940
TI  - Cellular hypersensitivity to chronic gamma-radiation in cultured fibroblasts from
      ataxia-telangiectasia heterozygotes.
AB  - Retrospective studies of cancer incidence in AT families suggest that the major
      detrimental impact of the AT gene on the health of the general population stems
      from its disease-predisposing potential in heterozygotes. The absence of a
      definitive marker for routine identification of such carriers, however, has
      previously precluded direct validation of this predicted effect of AT
      heterozygosity. We demonstrate that chronic gamma-ray exposure, because it
      expands the difference in radiation cytotoxicity between normal and heterozygotic
      strains compared to acute dose delivery, may point the way to development of a
      reliable laboratory diagnostic procedure for identification of carriers of a
      defective AT gene.

PMID- 3864941
TI  - Altered DNA synthesis in irradiated and unirradiated ataxia-telangiectasia cells.
AB  - DNA synthesis in cells from ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) patients differs from that
      in normal cells in two principal ways. In unirradiated cultures, AT cells have a
      lower inherent rate of DNA synthesis (and, therefore, a longer S phase) than
      normal cells and, in cultures exposed to ionizing radiation, DNA synthesis is not
      inhibited as it is in normal cells; this radioresistant DNA synthesis is due to
      completely resistant DNA chain elongation and partially resistant DNA replicon
      initiation. It is probable that the defects in DNA synthesis in irradiated and
      unirradiated cells are related and are at least partially involved in the
      pathogenesis of this syndrome.

PMID- 3864942
TI  - Differing complications of hyperleukocytosis in children with acute lymphoblastic
      or acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - We assessed the frequency and outcome of complications associated with
      hyperleukocytosis in children who had received remission induction therapy for
      either acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia
      (ANLL). Among 234 consecutive patients with a leukocyte count of 100 X 10(9)/L or
      greater at diagnosis, the frequency of early death was significantly higher in
      those with ANLL (23% v 5% for patients with ALL, P less than .001). The risk of
      early death increased with increasing leukocyte count, especially when it
      exceeded 300 X 10(9)/L in patients with ANLL (P less than .001). Intracerebral
      hemorrhage occurred in eight (11%) of the ANLL patients and accounted for six of
      the 17 early deaths; in all but two instances, the complication was associated
      with coagulopathy. Respiratory failure, presumably from pulmonary leukostasis,
      resulted in six other early deaths in ANLL patients. By contrast, intracerebral
      hemorrhage occurred in only two of the ALL patients (1.2%); both had normal
      coagulation studies, but leukocyte counts greater than 400 X 10(9)/L. Severe
      metabolic derangements from blast cell lysis accounted for three of the eight
      early deaths among patients with ALL. Leukapheresis or exchange transfusion
      effectively lowered the leukocyte counts of all 15 patients who received the
      procedures. Either method may be preferable to emergency cranial irradiation for
      preventing the complications of hyperleukocytosis in children with acute
      leukemia.

PMID- 3864943
TI  - Comparison of bone and gallium-67 imaging in heroin users' arthritis.
AB  - Nine cases of primary septic arthritis in heroin addicts are reported. Fibrous
      and cartilaginous joint localizations are prominent (four sternoarticular, three
      sacroiliac, one sacroccocygeal, and one knee). In all patients but one,
      conventional roentgenographic studies were negative. In six cases the causative
      agent was Staphylococcus aureus and in two cases, Candida albicans. In one case,
      it could not be determined. Our clinical observations, correlating the
      radioisotopic studies, suggest that in the first week of evolution the diagnostic
      procedure of choice is the [67Ga]citrate scintigram. Indeed, during this period
      the [99Tc]MDP bone scan is usually negative. The early demonstration and
      localization of the disease, together with the rapid bacteriologic diagnosis,
      allows for an early and more appropriate antibiotic treatment and better results.

PMID- 3864945
TI  - Abstracts of the 19th meeting of the European Association for the Study of the
      Liver. Berne, Switzerland, 6-8 September, 1984.

PMID- 3864944
TI  - Gallium-67 uptake by hepatoma: studies in cell cultures, perfused livers, and
      intact rats.
AB  - In this investigation, the effect of transferrin on 67Ga uptake by rat hepatoma
      was studied at three levels: at the level of individual tumor cells in culture;
      at the level of isolated, perfused livers with implanted intrahepatic tumors; and
      in intact animals bearing intrahepatic tumors. This approach was possible using H
      4-II-E hepatoma cells which grew into discrete tumors when implanted
      intrahepatically. Transferrin at low concentrations (0.05-0.5 mg/ml) stimulated,
      while at a higher concentration (1.0 mg/ml) it inhibited 67Ga uptake by tumor
      cells in culture. In contrast, in isolated, perfused livers with intrahepatic
      tumors, transferrin at concentration levels of 0.05 and 0.1 mg/ml had no effect,
      while at 0.25-1.0 mg/ml transferrin inhibited 67Ga uptake by intact tumors.
      Administration of transferrin which markedly enhanced the serum unsaturated iron
      binding capacity, had no effect on 67Ga accumulation in the intrahepatic tumors
      in vivo. These results indicate that, although transferrin at low concentration
      promotes the uptake of 67Ga by individual tumor cells in culture, it does not do
      so in intact tumors in isolated rat liver preparations or in tumor bearing rats.
      We conclude that the mechanism of 67Ga uptake by intact tumors is different from
      that of tumor cells growing in culture.

PMID- 3864946
TI  - Solving the litigation problem.

PMID- 3864947
TI  - The effects of orthognathic surgery on mandibular range of motion.
AB  - A prospective study of 55 orthognathic surgical patients was done to determine
      the effects of surgery on mandibular range of motion. None of the patients had
      oral physiotherapy during the course of the study. Nineteen patients had
      mandibular osteotomies, 21 had maxillary osteotomies, and 18 had two-jaw
      operations. Maximal interincisal opening (MIO), right and left lateral excursion,
      and protrusive measurements were obtained preoperatively and at six or more
      months following surgery. MIO was significantly reduced in both categories of
      mandibular osteotomies. A sagittal split osteotomy to advance the mandible was
      associated with the greatest mean reduction of 29%, while a vertical subcondylar
      osteotomy to set the mandible back had a mean reduction of 10%. Likewise,
      decreases in MIO were noted with combined surgical procedures. Le Fort I and
      sagittal split osteotomies were associated with a mean decrease in MIO of 28%,
      while Le Fort I and vertical subcondylar osteotomies had a mean decrease of 9%.
      Minimal change in MIO were noted with isolated maxillary osteotomies. These
      results are similar to the findings of other investigators and indicate the
      critical need for a sound postoperative rehabilitation program following
      orthognathic procedures to prevent hypomobility.

PMID- 3864948
TI  - Pathologic evaluation of disc dysfunction and osseous abnormalities of the
      temporomandibular joint.
AB  - The arthrographic findings in 141 patients with TMJ symptoms were compared with
      the linear tomographic evaluation to assess the incidence and severity of
      associated osseous abnormalities. Thirty-nine temporomandibular joints (28%) had
      significant osseous abnormalities compatible with degenerative joint disease. The
      incidence and severity of the degenerative changes compared favorably with the
      arthrographic assessment of the degree of soft-tissue injury. A cause-and-effect
      relationship between TMJ disc damage and dysfunction and degenerative arthritis
      is suggested.

PMID- 3864949
TI  - Effects on the periodontium of vertical bone cutting for segmental osteotomy.
AB  - The periodontal response to vertical osteotomy was evaluated in seven males and
      ten females, aged 14-45 years (mean 26.8), who were scheduled for maxillary
      and/or mandibular segmental osteotomies. Plaque and gingival indices, pocket
      depth, clinical attachment level, width of attached gingiva, and osseous support
      were recorded from teeth adjacent to each osteotomy site prior to and from six
      months to three years after surgery. In each patient teeth numbers 3, 9, 13, 19,
      25, and 29 were used as controls. There was no significant (P less than or equal
      to 0.05) difference between experimental and control teeth with respect to
      plaque, gingivitis, pocket depth, or clinical attachment level. Slightly
      decreased osseous support and width of attached gingiva were found adjacent to
      osteotomy sites. However, although these decreases were statistically significant
      (P = 0.005), they were not clinically very large. It was concluded that segmental
      osteotomies, in general, may be performed without producing significant changes
      in the periodontal structures.

PMID- 3864950
TI  - Effect of preoperative cimetidine and ranitidine on gastric secretion.
AB  - To decrease gastric volume and acidity prior to anesthesia and surgery and
      decrease the risk of aspiration, a prospective double-blind trial comparing two
      H2 receptor blockers, cimetidine and ranitidine, was performed. Analysis of
      gastric contents revealed both drugs to be extremely effective in raising gastric
      pH to the 6-7 range. However, ranitidine was shown to be more effective in
      decreasing gastric volume.

PMID- 3864951
TI  - Case 58: maxillary alveolar mass in a 13-year-old boy.

PMID- 3864952
TI  - Oronasal fistula secondary to nasal septal surgery and candidiasis.

PMID- 3864953
TI  - Closed percutaneous catheter drainage of a cervical abscess.
AB  - The advantages offered by a percutaneous catheter system are: The procedure is
      done using only local anesthesia. Computed tomography is used for exquisite
      anatomical detail and pinpoint guidance. If required, aspiration, irrigation, and
      dependent or suction drainage can all be done. Isolation of purulent material
      from the skin and site of drainage is accomplished. A true anaerobic culture
      specimen is obtainable with the initial aspiration. The esthetic results, are
      superior to surgical management. Percutaneous abscess drainage should thus be
      seriously considered as an alternative to surgery in the treatment of head and
      neck abscesses.

PMID- 3864954
TI  - Fracture of the glenoid fossa and dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the
      middle cranial fossa.
AB  - Reported cases of dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the middle cranial
      fossa have been rare, and treatment modalities have varied. The case presented
      represents an instance of successful closed reduction. Numerous factors should be
      considered when determining the technique of reduction. Primary goals in
      selecting the method of treatment are stabilization of the neurologic status,
      control of the bone fragments in the brain, reduction of the occlusion,
      maintenance of ramus height for facial symmetry, preservation of growth
      potential, and assurance of satisfactory long-term function of the mandible.

PMID- 3864955
TI  - Use of computed tomography in the localization of head-and-neck-space infections.
AB  - Three cases are reported in which results of CT scanning were of significant use
      in determining the presence and location of abscesses in the head and neck
      region. The authors believe CT should be employed as an adjunct to thorough
      physical examination in head and neck infections of a complex or chronic nature.

PMID- 3864956
TI  - Salvage of the mandibular staple bone plate following bone infection.
AB  - Two cases of previously unreported complications associated with implantation of
      a mandibular staple bone plate are presented. One was a proven case of chronic
      osteomyelitis, and the other had a close clinical and radiographic resemblance to
      osteomyelitis. It is suspected in both cases that complications were due to the
      use of a dull twist drill that caused local tissue injury. Differences in the
      clinical courses are believed to be related to the degree of oral hygiene after
      surgery, with a more severe infection occurring in the patient who maintained
      extremely poor home care. There is the possibility that some degree of
      osteoporosis was present in the same patient that may also have influenced the
      clinical course. While the salvage of implants in areas of osteomyelitis is
      controversial, it was shown to be justifiable in these cases. Crucial to such
      salvage is the selection of an antibiotic that is effective against the organisms
      involved and safe for prolonged use. Cefotaxime and clindamycin were used in the
      cases reported and proved to be effective and without adverse effect. Although it
      will take time to see to what degree bone refills the affected areas, it appears
      at present that the resorptive process has ceased and that bone regeneration is
      in progress. Prevention of the complications reported here is believed to be
      possible with the use of sharp drills, slow drilling speed, copious cool
      irrigation, appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis, and meticulous oral hygiene.

PMID- 3864957
TI  - Myxoma of the mandible with unusual radiographic appearance.
AB  - Myxoma of the jaws is a fairly frequent bone tumor classified as a benign
      odontogenic neoplasm. The radiographic picture varies according to its evolution
      and, it many cases, diagnosis is not easy. A new case with an unusual
      radiographic appearance is reported. On occlusal radiographic examination the
      tumor showed multiple spicules of bone with a classic "sun-ray" effect. Only two
      similar cases were found in the literature. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons
      should be aware of this unusual presentation so that a misdiagnosis of malignant
      bone tumor is not made.

PMID- 3864958
TI  - Traumatic aneurysm of the facial artery caused by missile injury.

PMID- 3864959
TI  - Selective anesthesias of the inferior alveolar nerve in leukemia and lymphoma.

PMID- 3864960
TI  - Removal of a broken saw blade.

PMID- 3864961
TI  - Modifications in the Le Fort III osteotomy.

PMID- 3864962
TI  - Jaw morphology in edentulous individuals: a radiographic cephalometric study.
AB  - The jaw morphology in the mandible and maxilla was studied by cephalometric
      analysis in two groups of edentulous subjects and in two groups of individuals in
      possession of all teeth. The predominating facial type in these groups was the
      orthognathic type. The alveolar bone height differed significantly between men
      and women in the edentulous groups but not in the subjects in possession of all
      teeth. Thus, there seemed to be a sex difference in alveolar bone diminution
      after extraction of all teeth. The gonial angle was significantly greater in both
      men and women in the edentulous groups than in either sex in the groups in
      possession of all teeth. Thus, the basal bone morphology in the mandible seemed
      to be changed in the same manner in both sexes in the edentulous groups after
      extraction of all teeth, in contrast to the alveolar bone diminution. Indications
      were found that the gonial angle might be age related. The chin angle as such was
      found to be less than 60 degrees in the majority of edentulous individuals which
      makes this value seem to be of minor importance when selecting edentulous
      individuals for surgical deepening of the vestibular sulcus.

PMID- 3864963
TI  - Lateral preference in mastication: relation to pain.
AB  - Ten subjects performed deliberate right and left-sided chewing of gum, each
      exercise with a duration of 60 s, followed by maximum voluntary teeth clenching
      (MVC) until onset of pains in the masseter muscles (pain threshold). Contractile
      activities of the right and left masseter muscles were assessed by integrated and
      cumulative surface electromyography (EMG). When the right and left muscles
      functioned as chewing side muscles only, they generated practically identical
      levels of chewing force; the same applied when they functioned as non-chewing
      side muscles only. During identical functions, EMGs suggested identical motor
      unit recruitment and firing patterns in the two paired muscles; i.e., units
      producing relatively high tensions for chewing side activity, and other units
      producing relatively low tensions for non-chewing side activity. During isometric
      MVC activity, until onset of pains, the right and left muscles generated
      practically identical levels of bite force, but right and left motor unit
      activity patterns seemed to differ. Right and left motor units might have fired
      at different rates or begun to drop out at different times. In the latter case,
      rapidly before slowly fatigued units. There was a tendency for a low pain
      threshold with high chewing side activity in both masseter muscles. Motor units
      producing high levels of tension, but easily fatigued, might have caused early
      onset of muscle pains. No relationships could be established between preferred
      chewing side and side of initial muscle pains, nor between MVC activity and side
      of pain onset and preferred chewing side.

PMID- 3864964
TI  - The electrochemical activity of the oral cavity--a new approach.
AB  - In order to develop model systems for studying and understanding corrosion
      phenomena in the oral cavity the electrochemical nature of the oral cavity must
      be known. Accordingly, the PH and oxidation potential Eh (SCE) were measured in
      vivo in nine patients utilizing microelectrode techniques. Three of the patients
      had periodontal therapy and three had received minimal dental care. Sampling was
      always performed at five specific sites and in periodontal pockets greater than 4
      mm when available. In the five sites common to all subjects the oxidation
      potential ranged from -58 to +212 mV (SCE) and the pH ranged from 6.1 to 7.9. For
      patients undergoing periodontal therapy the pH/potential clustered around acidic
      pH (6.6) and an oxidation potential range of 270 mV, whereas minimal dental care
      revealed a pH range from 6.3 to 7.9 and a small range (57 mV) of oxidation
      potential. Differences in pH and oxidation potential are related to site of
      measurement, periodontal health of patient and nature and quantity of
      restorations present.

PMID- 3864965
TI  - Temporomandibular joint abnormalities and bite force in a group of adults with
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Maximal mouth opening, translatory condylar motion (radiographically assessed)
      and bite force in sixteen adults with rheumatoid arthritis and radiographic
      temporomandibular joint abnormalities were compared with data from sixteen
      individuals without joint disease. Mean mouth opening in the arthritis group was
      reduced, but not statistically significant. Condylar translation and bite force
      showed significantly lower values than in the healthy individuals. Maximal mouth
      opening seemed to be the most uncertain parameter for the estimation of jaw
      function. In seven patients with a normal mouth opening (40-46 mm), both the
      condylar translation and the bite force were significantly impaired.

PMID- 3864966
TI  - An electromyographic study of the immediate effect of an occlusal splint on the
      postural activity of the anterior temporal and masseter muscles in different body
      positions with and without visual input.
AB  - With the mandible at rest, the clinical postural position was measured and
      electromyographic recordings (in seated and supine position, eyes open and eyes
      closed, before as well as 15 min after insertion of an occlusal splint) were from
      the anterior temporal and masseter muscles in thirty-one patients with signs and
      symptoms of mandibular dysfunction and nocturnal bruxism. The results indicated
      that when the patients were seated upright, there was a distinct postural
      activity in the anterior temporal and in some patients also in the masseter
      muscles. This postural activity decreased significantly with closure of the eyes
      and in supine position. Fifteen minutes after insertion of an occlusal splint,
      the postural activity in the temporal muscles decreased in 52%, increased in 22%
      and remained unchanged in 26% of the patients. Moreover, the postural activity
      reached its lowest level in supine position. The results indicate that the supine
      position is the body position to be preferred for centric relation recording as
      well as for occlusal and splint adjustment.

PMID- 3864967
TI  - Papillarity of the palatal mucosa.
AB  - A sample of 575 palatal casts was studied and found to possess varying degrees of
      papillary convolutions between and around the palatal rugae. No palatal
      appliances were worn and no irritative influence was present. A classification of
      1-4 was established and the peak incidence was Class II at 48.4% (Class I, being
      an absence of papillarity, was 7.3%). It is postulated that the presence of a
      denture may well cause an inflammatory papillary hyperplasia to arise not by a
      progression through the various stages of denture stomatitis but directly, in an
      individual with a papillary palate.

PMID- 3864968
TI  - Distribution of stresses in the human skull.
AB  - A three-dimensional photoelastic model was reproduced from a human skull. The
      insertions of the superficial and deep portions of the masseter muscle, the
      temporalis muscle, the medial pterygoid muscle and the temporalis fascia were
      simulated with leather bonded to the appropriate areas. The following loading
      conditions were employed: (i) all three muscles were bilaterally loaded without
      occlusal loads; (ii) all three muscles were bilaterally loaded while occlusal
      loads were simultaneously applied on the maxillary teeth. The stress freezing
      technique was used to lock the resulting stress patterns into the model skull.
      The stress trajectories were observed and photographed in a circular polariscope.
      The mandibular closing muscles and the occlusal loads produced stresses which
      progressed through the maxilla, following a nasal, a zygomatic and a pterygoid
      route, while stress concentrations were seen in the frontonasal,
      zygomaticomaxillary and the pterygopalatine sutures. In the malar bone area the
      stresses were seen to branch superiorly to the frontozygomatic suture and
      posteriorly along the zygomatic arch to the zygomaticotemporal suture and the
      temporal bone. Generally, the stresses were concentrated in those areas of the
      skull where architectural reinforcement had been demonstrated by other methods.

PMID- 3864969
TI  - Isometric endurance of the human masseter muscle during consecutive bouts of
      tooth clenching.
AB  - Three human subjects performed teeth clenching at maximum voluntary contraction
      strength (MVC) of the mandibular elevator muscles. At intervals of 10s, ten
      successive bouts of MVC clenching were exercised until total exhaustion of the
      contracting muscles (isometric endurance). Isometric endurance time decreased
      exponentially from 59 to 12s. The curve of the decrease showed a monotone power
      function (y = x-1). Electromyographic recordings from masseter muscles suggested
      that fatigable motor units, possibly fast glycolytic units, dropped out during
      the initial stages of maintained MVC isometric activity. The silent period of the
      monosynaptic jaw jerk reflex was increased by about 35% following exhaustion of
      the masseter muscle.

PMID- 3864970
TI  - Significance of gonad and renal prostaglandin E2 in the antihypertensive effect
      of pindolol in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - The effect of gonadectomy on the antihypertensive action of pindolol in male
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was investigated. And we also examined the
      relationship between the antihypertensive effect of this drug and the renal
      prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level. In gonadectomized SHR, the reduction of blood
      pressure was not observed by the oral administration of pindolol, although the
      drug exhibited a marked antihypertensive activity in sham operated SHR. Urinary
      PGE2 in sham operated SHR was increased following the administration of pindolol,
      but not in gonadectomized SHR. Similar results were obtained in the experiments
      using Wistar rats. The PG synthesis inhibition induced by indomethacin suppressed
      the antihypertensive action of pindolol. Results in the present study suggest
      that renal PGs, particularly PGE2, are involved in the antihypertensive mechanism
      of pindolol, and that male gonad takes part in the regulation of the stimulation
      of the renal PGE2 producing system induced by pindolol.

PMID- 3864971
TI  - Evaluation of three clinical methods for assessing amalgam and resin
      restorations.

PMID- 3864972
TI  - Coronal reinforcement with cross-splinted pin-amalgam restorations.

PMID- 3864973
TI  - Influence of variations in preparation of dental amalgam on dimensional stability
      and porosities.
AB  - The susceptibility of amalgam to deviations in the preparation procedure produced
      an overall trend for both the setting dimensional stability and the number of
      porosities. The dimensional stability of ANA 2000 was the least affected by the
      deviations, while ANA 68 exhibited low susceptibility to the deviations when
      porosities are concerned. Lowered condensation pressure usually increased both
      the setting expansion and the number of porosities, and vice versa. Dispersalloy
      exhibited an increased number of porosities with both higher and lower
      condensation pressure. Except for ANA 2000, undertrituration caused increased
      expansion and porosities, while overtrituration resulted in increased contraction
      but minor effects on porosities. Lower mercury/alloy ratio increased the setting
      expansion and the number of porosities, while the response to a higher ratio was
      relatively small with the exception of a markedly increased setting expansion for
      ANA 68.

PMID- 3864974
TI  - Compressive strength of two calcium hydroxide bases.

PMID- 3864975
TI  - Polydimethyl siloxane materials in maxillofacial prosthetics: evaluation and
      comparison of physical properties.
AB  - The need for more acceptable materials for use in maxillofacial prosthetics has
      long been recognized. In this study, the physical properties of several currently
      available polydimethyl siloxane materials were evaluated and compared with those
      of two previously tested materials. The properties chosen were tensile strength,
      elongation, tear strength, and hardness. These properties were chosen as
      indicators of the strength, flexibility, durability, and lifelike feel of the
      materials in clinical service. Testing procedures were intended to duplicate as
      nearly as possible those used by Chalian and Jones and to conform closely to ASTM
      specifications. In general, the physical properties of the five silicone
      materials tested in this study were superior to those of MDX-4-4210 and MDX-4
      4514, tested previously. This superiority was particularly evident in terms of
      strength and elongation. Although the materials failed to demonstrate the
      softness of other materials, they may prove acceptable with the addition of
      available modifiers. Although no material was consistently superior to the
      others, potential merit is seen especially in Q7-4635 and SE-4524U. These
      materials exhibited high strength and softness and are available in one component
      system. Unlike the two-component addition chemistry systems, these materials have
      an indefinite pot life and are much more easily manipulated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3864976
TI  - Titanium: the mystery metal of implant dentistry. Dental materials aspects.
AB  - A number of important points concerning titanium and its alloys have been
      discussed. They are summarized as follows. Ti and its alloys, particularly the
      alpha-beta alloys, possess mechanical properties that make them ideal implant
      materials. Ti and its alloys oxidize readily in air. This surface oxide is
      extremely stable in the physiologic environment of the body. The stability and
      inertness of this surface oxide layer acts to protect Ti from corrosive breakdown
      when used in the body. The elimination of surface irregularities and contaminants
      is important when preparing a metal for implantation. Titanium can be coupled
      with equally passive metals in the body without causing galvanic corrosion.

PMID- 3864977
TI  - Mandibular lateral side-shift and the need for gnathologic instrumentation.

PMID- 3864978
TI  - Factors influencing the outcome of treatment in patients referred to a
      temporomandibular joint clinic.
AB  - A retrospective review was performed in 350 consecutive patients referred for
      functional disturbances of the masticatory system. Two and one-half years after
      the first visit, the records of all patients were examined for clinical findings,
      diagnosis, and observations related to treatment. Number of visits, length of the
      treatment period, and evaluation of signs and symptoms at last visit (factors
      which showed a wide variation) were analyzed for correlation with signs and
      symptoms at first visit and some background factors. A total of 50 variables were
      considered. The number of visits and length of treatment indicated the severity
      of signs and symptoms at the first visit. Multiple regression analysis showed
      that tenderness on muscle palpation at first visit was the most important of the
      independent variables. About one-fourth of the variance of number of visits and
      length of treatment could be explained (R2 = 0.28 and 0.27, respectively), while
      the corresponding value for the variance of the evaluation at last visit was 15%
      (R2 = 0.15). The results tend to emphasize the heterogeneity of patients with
      functional disturbances of the masticatory system and the difficulty of
      prognosticating the outcome of treatment in such patients, even when attempts are
      made to divide them into subgroups.

PMID- 3864979
TI  - Oral behavioral patterns as factors contributing to the development of head and
      facial pain.

PMID- 3864980
TI  - Effect of microwave oven drying on surface hardness of dental gypsum products.

PMID- 3864981
TI  - A device for establishing the occlusal plane for complete dentures.

PMID- 3864982
TI  - Bitefork modification to aid in orientating the tentative occlusal plane.

PMID- 3864983
TI  - Effect of interocclusal records on transverse axis position.

PMID- 3864984
TI  - Effects of high and low preovulatory concentrations of progesterone on ovulation
      from the isolated perfused rabbit ovary.
AB  - Rabbit ovaries were isolated surgically before the ovulatory gonadotrophin
      stimulation and perfused in vitro. Untreated, control ovaries never ovulated.
      Ovaries treated in vitro with ovine LH ovulated 10-14 h later and the oocytes had
      undergone germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB). LH induced increases in progesterone
      secretion from the treated ovaries. A 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase blocker
      ('Compound A') effectively reduced progesterone secretion into the perfusate and
      follicular fluid to very low levels but had no effect on ovulation rate or on
      oocyte maturation. Excessively high progesterone levels were obtained
      artificially in perfusates by addition of exogenous steroid; the number of
      ovaries ovulating was markedly reduced but there was no effect on oocyte
      maturation. It is concluded that the rise in progesterone that normally occurs
      immediately after the LH surge is not a prerequisite for ovulation in the rabbit.
      However, progesterone may have a modifying effect on LH-induced follicle rupture
      when at a pharmacologically high level.

PMID- 3864985
TI  - The 1983 survey of general practice in Michigan: selected practice
      characteristics.

PMID- 3864986
TI  - Reconstruction for vertical bone defects by Synthograft application.

PMID- 3864987
TI  - The rational use of vitamin K therapy for implant surgery.

PMID- 3864988
TI  - Auditory brainstem responses to clicks in neonates.
AB  - Normative data are required when interpreting brainstem electric response
      audiometry results. An abnormal auditory brainstem response (ABR) cannot be
      identified without knowledge of the normal ABR and the variability associated
      with technical and physiological factors. Normative data obtained from babies in
      a neonatal intensive care unit in response to click stimulation are presented in
      this paper.

PMID- 3864989
TI  - Frequency-specific BERA in infants.
AB  - Click BERA has several limitations, both physical and physiological, for early
      audiological assessment. It cannot quantify the audiometric contour, detect high
      or low frequency hearing loss, or reveal residual low frequency hearing. Several
      methods of cochlear place-specific BERA are reviewed briefly. BERA using tonepip
      stimuli in band-reject masking noise is described in more detail for both nil
      risk and at-risk infants. Technical and normative problems are outlined. Most
      babies give clear ABRs to 40 dBnHL tonepips, but threshold distributions are
      broader at 500 Hz than for higher frequency tonepips or clicks. Thresholds
      improve over the first four months, especially at 500 Hz. Cases of click/tonepip
      threshold differences are presented. Place-specific testing may be a useful
      component of early assessment. Further research is needed to determine its
      limitations and relevance to early management.

PMID- 3864990
TI  - Incidence of hearing loss in high risk and intensive care nursery infants.
AB  - The incidence of hearing impairment in high risk infants is summarized for five
      programs which use brainstem electric response audiometry (BERA) to detect
      hearing loss in this population. Programs are compared with respect to the
      following variables which may affect reported incidence figures: population
      characteristics, stimulus and recording parameters, criteria for failure on the
      initial BERA test, and follow-up protocols. Between 10-30% of these infants fail
      an initial BERA test, with initial failure rate largely dependent on the failure
      criteria used. Approximately 10% will continue to show some degree of hearing
      impairment on follow-up tests at 2-5 months of age. Between 2-4% will have a
      moderate to profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss requiring amplification
      and habilitation.

PMID- 3864991
TI  - Neurological aspects of infant hearing assessment.
AB  - The relationship between the results of an infant hearing screening program and
      neurological impairment may be considered in two ways: 1) Is there a correlation
      between incidence of neurological dysfunction and the incidence of sensorineural
      hearing loss in the target population? In our target population, the incidence of
      sensorineural hearing impairment was 3.13% for the group with a positive
      neurological history vs. 1.3% in those with a negative neurological history. 2)
      Do auditory evoked potentials used for hearing screening and follow-up provide
      any additional information on the neurological status of the target population,
      or, are certain neurological conditions associated with certain typical auditory
      evoked potential configurations? In our experience auditory evoked responses do
      provide additional information especially if for diagnostic purposes both the
      brainstem and the later components are considered. Often, specific neurological
      problems may be associated with typical auditory evoked response configurations.

PMID- 3864992
TI  - Auditory brainstem response audiometry in neonatal hydrocephalus.
AB  - Sixteen hydrocephalic NICU babies and 16 age-matched, non-hydrocephalic NICU
      babies were tested with BERA. The latency and amplitude of waves I and V were
      compared between groups. Both waves were longer in latency and smaller in
      amplitude in the hydrocephalic group. The I-V latency interval was within normal
      limits, but the V/I amplitude ratio was significantly smaller. The reduced
      amplitude of wave V was the most noticeable ABR abnormality. A total of 11
      hydrocephalic babies showed responses that were considered abnormal in amplitude,
      with all but one having an elevated ABR threshold in at least one ear. These
      threshold elevations may reflect a neurological condition rather than a
      peripheral hearing loss.

PMID- 3864993
TI  - Comparison of auditory brainstem response and behavioral screening in neonates.
AB  - This paper reports on two studies, one in Halifax and the other in Ottawa, which
      compared behavioral methods and BERA in the screening of hearing loss in
      neonates. The Halifax study used BERA as the screening procedure for infants of a
      neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and as a supplementary procedure to
      behavioral screening test for non-NICU but "at risk" infants. The results of this
      study indicate false positive rates with the behavioral test of 86.1 and 50.5%
      for NICU and at risk groups respectively. The Ottawa study evaluated the Crib-o
      gram as a screening test for NICU infants using BERA as the standard. The results
      of this study indicated that approximately one third of babies with normal BERA
      thresholds failed Crib-o-gram screening and that Crib-o-gram could identify
      moderately/severe losses.

PMID- 3864994
TI  - Normative aspects of the pediatric auditory brainstem response.
AB  - The success of any test procedure that involves decision analysis must be based
      on sound principles, reasonably obtainable data, and a knowledge of response
      variability. The use of brainstem electric response audiometry (BERA) has gained
      a prominent role in the clinical assessment of auditory, otoneurologic, and
      neurologic deficits. However, the road to clinical utility has not been without
      obstacles. The brainstem response has been besieged with numerous variables which
      have curtailed universal acceptance and contributed to a lack of established
      standards. Before BERA is used with any degree of confidence, response
      variability must be defined and controlled. The purpose of this paper is to
      review those technical, physiologic, and pathologic conditions which affect
      response measurement.

PMID- 3864996
TI  - [Clinical and experimental analysis of the Oxylog emergency ventilator].

PMID- 3864995
TI  - Isolation and analysis of adenovirus type 5 mutants containing deletions in the
      gene encoding the DNA-binding protein.
AB  - A genetic system is described which allows the isolation and propagation of
      adenovirus mutants containing lesions in early region 2A (E2A), the gene encoding
      the multifunctional adenovirus DNA-binding protein (DBP). A cloned E2A gene was
      first mutagenized in vitro and then was introduced into the viral genome by in
      vivo recombination. The E2A mutants were propagated by growth in human cell lines
      which express an integrated copy of the DBP gene under the control of a
      dexamethasone-inducible promoter (D. F. Klessig, D. E. Brough, and V. Cleghon,
      Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:1354-1362, 1984). The protocol was used to construct five
      adenovirus mutants, Ad5d1801 through Ad5d1805, which contained deletions in E2A.
      One of the mutants, Ad5d1802, made no detectable DBP and thus represents the
      first DBP-negative adenovirus mutant, while the four other mutants made truncated
      DBP-related polypeptides. All five mutants were completely defective for growth
      and plaque formation on HeLa cell monolayers. Furthermore, the two mutants which
      were tested, Ad5d1801 and Ad5d1802, did not replicate their DNA in HeLa cells.
      The mutant Ad5d1804 encoded a truncated DBP-related protein which contained an
      entire amino-terminal domain derived from the host range mutant Ad5hr404, a
      variant of Ad5 which multiplies efficiently in monkey cells. While results of a
      previous study suggest that the amino-terminal domain of DBP could act
      independently of the carboxyl-terminal domain to enhance late gene expression in
      monkey cells, the Ad5d1804 polypeptide failed to relieve the block to late viral
      protein synthesis in monkey cells. The mutant Ad5d1802 was used to study the role
      of DBP in the regulation of early adenovirus gene expression in infected HeLa
      cells. These experiments show that E2A mRNA levels are consistently reduced
      approximately fivefold in Ad5d1802-infected cells, suggesting either a role for
      DBP in the expression of its own gene or a cis-acting defect caused by the E2A
      deletion. DBP does not appear to play a significant role in the regulation of
      adenovirus early regions 1A, 1B, 3, or 4 mRNA levels in infected HeLa cell
      monolayers since wild-type Ad5- and Ad5d1802-infected cells showed very little
      difference in the patterns of expression of these genes.

PMID- 3864997
TI  - [Chemotherapy of acute leukemia in children].

PMID- 3864998
TI  - [Probability of a biological and/or immunological treatment for acute leukemia].

PMID- 3864999
TI  - [Long-term survivors in acute leukemia based on the 8th nationwide survey].

PMID- 3865000
TI  - [Acute monocytic leukemia forming E-rosette and reacting with OKT 11].

PMID- 3865001
TI  - [A case of primary myelofibrosis with nephrotic syndrome and pulmonary fibrosis
      terminating in acute leukemia].

PMID- 3865002
TI  - [High-dose cytosine arabinoside administration in the treatment of refractory
      leukemia].

PMID- 3865003
TI  - [Roentgenographic appearance of mandibular osteogenic sarcoma].

PMID- 3865004
TI  - Lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia associated with acute leukemia.
AB  - A 42-year-old man was admitted because of episodic attack of general malaise. He
      was lethargic and had a severe lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia. Blood chemistry
      and endocrinological data were normal. Glucose administration led to an
      improvement in the hypoglycemia but not the lactic acidosis. At autopsy, there
      was a massive infiltration of leukemic cells in both kidneys and in liver.
      Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, pyruvate carboxylase and glucose-6-phosphatase
      activities in patient's liver were much the same as in the control liver, but
      fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase activity was slightly reduced. Since circulatory
      failure was absent, type B lactic acidosis has to be considered. Since
      hypoglycemia was associated with acidosis, the severe lactic acidosis in our
      patient may have been due to an overproduction of lactic acid as well as to an
      impaired hepatic gluconeogenesis in the presence of leukemic cells.

PMID- 3865006
TI  - Effect of forskolin on prostaglandin productions in isolated dog renal arteries.
AB  - Forskolin (1 to 100 microM), a direct activator of adenylate cyclase, did not
      have any effect on prostaglandin E2 and I2 productions in isolated dog renal
      arteries. However, forskolin at the lower concentrations (10 and 100 nM) markedly
      stimulated only prostaglandin E2 production. 8-Bromo-cyclic AMP (0.5 and 1 mM)
      failed to stimulate prostaglandin E2 and I2 productions. The results suggest that
      1) forskolin stimulates only prostaglandin E2 production, not through the
      activation of adenylate cyclase and 2) the prostaglandin production system may be
      independent of the cyclic AMP-generating system in isolated dog renal arteries.

PMID- 3865005
TI  - Gastric cytoprotection by pirenzepine in rats: evaluating method for
      cytoprotective activity by antisecretory agents.
AB  - The effects of antisecretory agents, pirenzepine, atropine and cimetidine, on
      gastric mucosal lesions induced in rats by ethanol, HCI (0.6 N), HCI-acidified
      50% ethanol and HCI-acidified 50 mM sodium taurocholate (TCA) were comparatively
      studied with PGE2. The involvement of gastric acid in the formation of ethanol
      induced necrosis was also studied. PGE2 and pirenzepine inhibited necrosis
      induced by all necrotizing agents at the non-antisecretory doses, and the
      cytoprotective effect of pirenzepine was not abolished by indomethacin. Atropine
      and cimetidine did not inhibit HCI-induced necrosis even at the antisecretory
      dose. Atropine and cimetidine at the antisecretory dose inhibited necrosis
      induced by ethanol, but did not inhibit the red streaks. The ethanol-induced
      necrosis was also inhibited by neutralizing intragastric H+ with Tris buffer. In
      gastric fistula rats, alkalinization of the lumen was observed by exposure to
      ethanol, but necrosis was not produced. There is a close relationship between the
      necrosis and intragastric acid. Thus it is assumed that gastric acid is involved
      in the formation of ethanol-induced necrosis. It was suggested that pirenzepine
      possesses cytoprotective action which is not related to endogenous PGs. On the
      other hand, the antiulcer actions of atropine and cimetidine may be due, in a
      part, to antisecretory effects.

PMID- 3865007
TI  - Esophageal cancer in Uruguay: a case-control study.
AB  - Esophageal cancer has constituted a major public health problem in Uruguay, with
      age-adjusted death rates of 14.5 X 10(5) for males and of 3.8 X 10(5) for
      females. A case-control study was undertaken to ascertain the possible
      association of the local custom of drinking infusions of Ilex paraguariensis
      ("mate") with cancer of the esophagus, after controlling for well-known risk
      factors, such as alcohol and tobacco consumption. Two hundred twenty-six patients
      with esophageal cancer and 469 controls (control:case = 2.1) were interviewed at
      the time of admission or consultation at the Oncology Institute of Montevideo
      from 1979 through 1984. Males showed elevated risks of esophageal cancer
      associated with heavy tobacco [relative risk (RR) = 10.8] and alcohol (RR = 10.3)
      exposures. Among females, the independent effects of tobacco and alcohol were
      nonsignificant. Mate consumption had an independent effect in both males and
      females, with odds ratios of 6.5 and 34.6, respectively, for heavy users.
      Moreover, a well-defined dose response was evident in both sexes.

PMID- 3865008
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma in Los Angeles, California.
AB  - The demographic characteristics of "classic" Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and of
      "epidemic" KS in Los Angeles, CA, were compared with the use of data from the
      Cancer Surveillance Program, the population-based tumor registry in Los Angeles
      County. The data obtained document the magnitude of the excess risk of classic KS
      for Jewish men of European (especially Eastern and Southern European) origin. The
      data also show in a systematic way the magnitude of the increase in acquired
      immune deficiency syndrome-related KS in one large urban area of the United
      States. In addition, they demonstrate that the demographic risk factors of
      religion and birthplace for classic KS are unrelated to epidemic KS and that the
      clinical presentation in terms of stage and primary site of classic KS is
      distinct from that of the epidemic form of the disease.

PMID- 3865009
TI  - Mortality patterns among U.S. veterans by occupation. I. Cancer.
AB  - The mortality experience of a nation-wide cohort of 293,958 veterans was analyzed
      by occupation and industry to generate hypotheses in occupational cancer. Results
      are presented on 107,563 deaths occurring between 1954 and 1970. Information on
      usual employment (occupation and industry) and smoking habits was available from
      questionnaires completed in 1954 and 1957. Complete enumeration of these results
      by occupation and industry is available as special National Cancer Institute
      monographs from the author (A. B.). This report presents the mortality experience
      for selected occupations. Excesses of lung cancer among shipyard workers, truck
      drivers, and plumbers are consistent with previous reports. Elevated risks for
      stomach cancer among carpenters and machinists may reflect exposure to dusts,
      abrasives, and cutting oils.

PMID- 3865010
TI  - Proliferative lesions of the exocrine pancreas: relationship to corn oil gavage
      in the National Toxicology Program.
AB  - A microscopic review of pancreata from corn oil vehicle control and untreated
      control F344/N male rats in thirty-seven 2-year carcinogenesis studies was
      conducted to determine the extent and strength of the association of
      proliferative exocrine pancreatic lesions with corn oil gavage. The incidence of
      focal basophilic cellular change was similar in both untreated and vehicle
      control groups and was unrelated to corn oil gavage. The overall incidences of
      focal acinar hyperplasia and acinar adenoma were about five times greater in male
      rats that received the corn oil than in untreated rats (12.6 and 4.9% vs. 2.6 and
      0.9%). This association was not consistent for each study group of vehicle
      controls. Over one-third (7/20) of the vehicle control groups had incidences of
      hyperplasia and adenoma no greater than the average rate for untreated male rats.
      There was no relationship between incidences of proliferative acinar lesions and
      the animal laboratory, the animal source, and the brand, lot, or peroxide level
      of the corn oil. The incidences of focal acinar hyperplasia and acinar adenoma
      were related to maximum mean body weights attained by the groups during the
      course of the study.

PMID- 3865011
TI  - Evaluation of the effects of cotinine and nicotine-N'-oxides on the development
      of tumors in rats initiated with N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide.
AB  - The effects of cotinine and nicotine-N'-oxides on tumor development in F344 rats
      initiated with N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide [(FANFT) CAS: 24554
      26-5] were evaluated. When rats were 6 weeks old, FANFT in an agar diet was
      administered for a 6-week period. Subsequently, cotinine, trans-nicotine-N'
      oxide, and a mixture of cis-nicotine-N'-oxide and trans-nicotine-N'-oxide in
      drinking water were given as promoters in concentrations of 0.1, 0.02, and 0.02%,
      respectively. These nicotine metabolites were offered ad libitum for 78 weeks.
      Control groups consisted of rats that received tap water with or without prior
      administration of FANFT. Cotinine, trans-nicotine-N'-oxide, and the mixture of
      cis- and trans-nicotine-N'-oxides were neither carcinogens nor promoters of
      urinary bladder tumors in rats initiated with FANFT. A reduced incidence of
      urinary bladder tumors was observed in FANFT-pretreated animals that also
      received a mixture of cis- and trans-nicotine-N'-oxides. FANFT administration
      increased the incidences of mesothelioma of the peritoneum and thyroid tumors.
      Tumor formation in the tongue and palate observed in FANFT-treated rats was not
      affected by administration of these nicotine metabolites. There was, however, a
      significant increase in the incidence of forestomach tumors in rats that were
      initiated with FANFT and subsequently received either trans-nicotine-N'-oxide or
      a mixture of cis- and trans-nicotine-N'-oxides.

PMID- 3865012
TI  - N-Nitroso-N-methylurea initiation in multiple tissues for organ-specific tumor
      promotion in rats by phenobarbital.
AB  - Effects of phenobarbital [(PB) CAS: 50-06-6], a systemic tumor promoter, on
      carcinogenesis initiated by the broad-spectrum carcinogen N-nitroso-N-methylurea
      [(NMU) CAS: 684-93-5] were investigated in F344/NCr rats. Single and divided
      doses of NMU were evaluated for this purpose in 4-week-old rats of both sexes.
      Rats received iv injections of either 0.2 mmol NMU/kg (body wt) once or 0.05 mmol
      NMU/kg (body wt) for 4 weeks (1 injection/wk), followed by or concurrently with
      PB (0.05% in drinking water) that was continued until the termination of the
      experiment. Half the rats were killed at 52 weeks and survivors at 80 weeks. At
      52 weeks, PB given subsequent to NMU or concurrently with divided doses of NMU
      significantly enhanced the incidence of thyroid follicular tumors only in male
      rats. This sex difference in thyroid tumorigenesis was somewhat less pronounced
      in animals killed at 80 weeks. Only 1 liver cell adenoma occurred in males and
      none in females given NMU alone. PB given concurrently with divided doses of NMU
      enhanced the yield of hepatocellular foci/cm2 but had no significant effect on
      hepatic tumor development. Subsequent exposure to PB, however, significantly
      promoted hepatocarcinogenesis in rats of both sexes given NMU in divided doses;
      50% of males and 40% of females given NMU (0.05 mmol/kg, administered four times)
      followed by PB had hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas by 80 weeks. PB did not
      affect the incidence of any other kind of neoplasms seen in NMU-initiated or
      control rats. These lesions included squamous cell neoplasms of the skin,
      oropharynx, and forestomach; nonsquamous epithelial tumors of mammary gland,
      pituitary body, intestinal mucosa, and urinary bladder; tumors of the central and
      peripheral nervous system; and mesenchymal tumors of the kidney. A sequence of
      multiple low doses of NMU appeared to be a convenient and useful systemic,
      multitissue, tumor-initiation regimen for systematic investigation of organ
      specific tumor promotion in rats.

PMID- 3865013
TI  - Spontaneous urinary bladder tumors in DA/Han rats: a feasible model of human
      bladder cancer.
AB  - In a life-span study of virgin DA/Han inbred rats, 53.9% of the males and 14.4%
      of the females developed spontaneous urinary bladder tumors. A peak incidence was
      noted between the ages of 25 and 30 months. With the exception of 1
      leiomyosarcoma, all neoplasms were of epithelial origin. After the papilloma, the
      majority of tumors were classified as transitional cell carcinoma of the
      papillary, solid, or mixed type. Less frequent were unclassified microcarcinoma,
      squamous cell, adenoid, and undifferentiated carcinomas. A sexual difference was
      found for almost every tumor type. Of the rats bearing tumors, 3.5% of the males
      and 64.4% of the females also were affected with urinary bladder stones. Squamous
      cell and glandular metaplasias of the tumors commonly were observed, and invasive
      growth into the bladder wall occurred frequently in less-differentiated tumors.
      Metastases were rare. The DA/Han rat strain is discussed as a suitable animal
      model for human urinary bladder cancer.

PMID- 3865014
TI  - Levels of O6-methylguanine acceptor protein in tissues of rats and their
      relationship to carcinogenicity and aging.
AB  - N-nitroso compounds react with cellular DNA to produce various damaging adducts,
      one of the more important being O6-alkylguanine. DNA restoration is accomplished
      by transfer of the alkyl group to a cysteine residue of an acceptor protein. The
      levels of acceptor activity were compared in several tissues from well-fed and
      dietary-restricted inbred SD rats 30-1,194 days of age. Striking and consistent
      differences were found in the levels of acceptor activity in different tissues
      from both groups; these levels corresponded to their sensitivity to tumorigenesis
      by alkylating agents. Acceptor activity levels were highest in the liver and
      somewhat less in the spleen; there were significantly lower levels in brain and
      kidney. The random loss with time in the integrity of DNA may cause alterations
      in cellular function or limit cellular proliferation, thus leading to senescence
      and death. DNA repair processes may alter the rate of accumulation of damage,
      thereby affecting potential longevity. There were no significant age-associated
      changes in the ability of cells from either dietary group to remove DNA adducts
      and there was no evidence of alterations in the acceptor protein with age that
      would compromise its functional activity.

PMID- 3865015
TI  - [Lung infections due to Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonae.
      Reports of nine cases of M. fortuitum infection and four cases of M. chelonae
      infection].

PMID- 3865017
TI  - Venereal diseases of the anorectum.

PMID- 3865016
TI  - Interaction of cyclosporin A with antineoplastic agents.
AB  - A synergistic effect of etoposide and cyclosporin A was observed in a patient
      with acute T-lymphocytic leukemia in relapse. The concomitant administration of
      etoposide and cyclosporin A resulted in eradication of hitherto refractory
      leukemic infiltration of bone marrow. Severe side effects in terms of mental
      confusion and progressive hyperbilirubinemia, however, point to an enhancement
      not only of antineoplastic effects but also of toxicity in normal tissues. This
      report demonstrates for the first time that the pharmacodynamic properties of
      cyclosporin A may not be confined strictly to suppression of normal T-cell
      functions.

PMID- 3865018
TI  - Management of polyps of the colon and rectum.

PMID- 3865019
TI  - Outpatient hemorrhoidectomy by rubber band ligation.

PMID- 3865020
TI  - Anorectal abscess and fistula.

PMID- 3865021
TI  - Anal fissure.

PMID- 3865022
TI  - Pruritus ani and anal hygiene.

PMID- 3865023
TI  - "What's in Pinewood Landfill"?

PMID- 3865024
TI  - Management of pancreatic pseudocysts.

PMID- 3865025
TI  - Safety helmet repeal and motorcycle fatalities in South Carolina.

PMID- 3865026
TI  - Infant mortality and the low birthweight infant in South Carolina: a ten year
      review, 1975-1985.

PMID- 3865027
TI  - Sudden infant death syndrome--update.

PMID- 3865028
TI  - Effects of dicyclohexane derivatives on androgen metabolism in the rat prostate.
AB  - Dicyclohexane derivatives, which inhibit the binding of testosterone and
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to the androgen-binding protein (ABP) of rat epididymis
      without interfering with their binding to the androgen receptor, show a similar
      selectivity in their effects on androgen metabolism. Their ability to inhibit the
      aromatization of testosterone has been reported previously. This paper
      demonstrates that they are potent inhibitors of 3 alpha(beta)
      hydroxysteroid:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity (3-HSD) in the particulate
      fraction from rat prostate gland; the values of Ki for their inhibition of this
      enzyme are similar to that of the Km for DHT as substrate. The dicyclohexane
      derivatives are markedly less effective against the cytosolic NADPH-dependent 3
      HSD, and they do not appear to inhibit testosterone 5 alpha-reductase activity.
      These characteristics are likely to complicate the proposed use of the
      dicyclohexane derivatives as probes for the role of ABP in vivo. However, they
      may be of interest in the study of structure-activity relationships in androgen
      metabolizing enzymes, particularly in the examination of the different forms of 3
      HSD.

PMID- 3865029
TI  - Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia developing after a myelodysplastic phase with
      low dose arabinosyl cytosine.
AB  - Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) secondary to myelodysplastic phase
      respond poorly to standard chemotherapy designed for AML. As arabinosyl cytosine
      (Ara-C) at low-dose has been reported to achieve promising results in certain
      forms of AML, we have applied the low-dose (10 mg m-2/12 h subcutaneously for 14
      24 days) regimen in 11 patients with AML secondary to myelodysplastic syndromes.
      Though a complete remission could be achieved in 2 patients and a short partial
      remission in 2 further patients, complications are severe and often life
      threatening. The amount of hematological supportive care required often exceeded
      that needed for patients treated by conventional TAD regimen. Moreover, survival
      of the responders did not seem to be longer than that of non-responders. A review
      of the literature showed that the results of this low-dose Ara-C regimen might be
      more promising in patients in the myelodysplastic phase and in those with de novo
      acute leukemia.

PMID- 3865030
TI  - Cytogenetics and cell surface marker analysis in CML--1. Prediction of phenotype
      of acute phase transformation.
AB  - Thirty-nine patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph1) chronic
      myelocytic leukemia (CML) were monitored using cytofluorometry and cytogenetics.
      During chronic phase, abnormal populations could be detected using commercially
      available monoclonal antibodies. Most of these abnormal populations had either an
      HLA.DR+ or an OKM1+ HLA.DR- phenotype. Thirteen patients progressed to acute
      phase disease. Five patients with HLA-DR+ abnormal cells during chronic phase
      showed no clonal evolution detectable using standard cytogenetic techniques and
      underwent lymphoid transformation. Seven patients with OKM1+-HLA.DR- abnormal
      cells exhibited chromosomal abnormalities in addition to the Ph1 and progressed
      to a myeloblastic acute phase. One patient with HLA.DR+ OKM1+ 63D3+ abnormal
      cells in chronic phase showed clonal evolution and progressed to a myelomonocytic
      acute phase. These results suggest that cell surface markers on chronic phase
      cells can be used in conjunction with cytogenetic monitoring to predict the
      phenotype of cells involved in the acute transformation of CML. B cells (6, 13),
      but not T cells (18), bearing the Ph1 have been isolated from chronic phase CML
      patients. Thus cells other than those of myeloid lineage may be involved.
      Periodic cytogenetic monitoring has been shown to detect clonal evolution (i.e.
      genetic changes in addition to the PH1) in as many as 75% of patients prior to
      the acute phase (14, 37). However, neither cytogenetic changes nor morphologic
      analysis appear to predict the lymphoblastic type of transformation (14). Since
      fluorescence analysis of cell surface markers has shown reduced numbers of normal
      cells (28), the identity of the 'abnormal' cells was probed with antibodies
      recognizing a variety of markers on immature and mature lymphoid and myeloid
      cells. Not only were significant numbers of abnormal cells detected in the
      peripheral blood of chronic phase patients, but the phenotype of the abnormal
      population, in combination with cytogenetic analyses, predicted the type of
      blasts involved in acute phase disease.

PMID- 3865031
TI  - Involvement of chromosome 9 in variant Ph1 translocation.
AB  - Cytogenetic analysis of a patient with chronic myelocytic leukemia revealed a
      translocation (21; 22) (q 22; q 11) without a detectable involvement of
      chromosome 9. By in-situ hybridization studies, however, we demonstrate a
      reciprocal translocation of sequences from chromosome 9 (c-abl) to Ph1 and
      chromosome 22 (bcr) to 9, respectively. These observations suggest a consistent
      participation of chromosome 9 in the Ph1 translocation, regardless of the
      cytogenetic subtype.

PMID- 3865033
TI  - [Measurement of pain].

PMID- 3865032
TI  - Variant Philadelphia translocation in an immunologically and clinically typical
      case of chronic myeloid leukaemia.
AB  - Cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow from a chronic myeloid leukemia patient in
      chronic phase revealed a classical Philadelphia chromosome from a complex
      translocation t(2;9;22). The break points on 9 and 22 were, apparently, the same
      as for the standard translocation (9;22). However, whereas the terminal band of 9
      (9q34) was translocated in the usual site, that is on 22q-, the tract deleted
      from 22 was present on band p13 of chromosome 2. The finding of this rare 22
      translocation in classical CML would seem to support the hypothesis that the
      crucial event in the pathogenesis of CML is the translocation of band 9q34, that
      contains the c-abl oncogene, onto the Ph' chromosome, rather than the
      translocation of the tract deleted from 22 to some other chromosome site.

PMID- 3865034
TI  - [Colors of composite resins].

PMID- 3865035
TI  - [Progress in the management of head and neck neoplasms].

PMID- 3865036
TI  - [Apicoectomy and retrograde obturation: simple methods].

PMID- 3865037
TI  - [Consultation prior to oral surgery, and patient referral to other departments].

PMID- 3865039
TI  - Louisiana parish sales and use taxes--analysis of the overlap.

PMID- 3865038
TI  - [Effective management of cervical sensitivity].

PMID- 3865040
TI  - The relocation of dentists. Louisiana 1976-82.

PMID- 3865041
TI  - Hepatitis B and the dental practitioner.

PMID- 3865043
TI  - New training scheme fills dentistry's gap.

PMID- 3865044
TI  - A modern look at cavity design.

PMID- 3865045
TI  - Why photography improves dental care.

PMID- 3865042
TI  - Origins of emaciation in cancer patients.
AB  - Anorexia and elevated energy expenditure contributes to weight loss in cancer
      patients. Increased energy expenditure may explain 0.5-1.0 kg weight loss per
      month with regard to resting energy expenditure and even more with regard to
      total energy expenditure. The explanation behind elevated energy expenditure does
      not seem to be due to the tumour metabolism itself but rather to an increased
      host metabolic demand aimed at providing life-supporting protein synthesis and
      perhaps the immune system with energy. The trigger behind the activation of the
      synthesis of certain proteins is unknown. Only sparse information is available on
      the altered regulation of appetite in cancer disease. Changed metabolism and
      activity of neurotransmitters seem to be involved.

PMID- 3865046
TI  - Faulty immune systems--a cause of oral disease.

PMID- 3865047
TI  - Making the right impression.

PMID- 3865049
TI  - [Oral manifestations of drug therapy].

PMID- 3865048
TI  - The dilemma of the dental specialist.

PMID- 3865050
TI  - [Indications for cryotherapy in oral medicine].

PMID- 3865051
TI  - [The role of experimental animals in dentistry].

PMID- 3865052
TI  - Analysis of HLA-DR antigen glycosylation by serial lectin affinity
      chromatography.
AB  - The structure of the N-linked oligosaccharides of HLA-DR molecules from an HLA-DR
      homozygous B-lymphoblastoid cell line (CA) was characterized by serial lectin
      affinity analysis. Glycans lectin affinity profile were obtained for the HLA-DR
      complex and separated alpha- and beta-chains. Two structurally distinct
      glycosylation patterns were detected for the alpha-chain species, the alpha 1
      with high-mannose- and complex-type oligosaccharides and alpha 2 with a complex
      type one. In contrast, the beta-chain species contains only complex-type
      oligosaccharides. Further oligosaccharide heterogeneity is found for each alpha 1
      , alpha 2- and beta-chain described. In contrast to murine and guinea-pig Ia
      antigens, no significant amount of glycopeptides with biantennary structure was
      found in HLA-DR.

PMID- 3865053
TI  - [Anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Empirical studies on epidemiology, symptomatology,
      nosology and course].

PMID- 3865054
TI  - Lymphomatous ALL with abnormalities of the short arm of chromosome 9.

PMID- 3865057
TI  - Play it again, Voltaire--aconite (Monkshood) poisoning.

PMID- 3865055
TI  - Light regulation of plant gene expression by an upstream enhancer-like element.
AB  - Light regulates many varied physiological and developmental phenomena during
      plant growth and differentiation, including the formation of a photosynthetically
      competent chloroplast from a proplastid. The expression of ribulose 1,5
      bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit (rbcS) genes is regulated by light in a
      development- and tissue-specific manner2,3. In some plant species, phytochrome
      has been demonstrated to mediate this response, and photoregulation of rbcS
      expression occurs at least in part at the level of transcription. We have shown
      previously that a 5'-noncoding fragment (4-973 base pairs (bp) upstream of the
      messenger RNA cap site) of the pea rbcS ss3.6 gene contains all of the nucleotide
      sequence information necessary to direct the photoregulated expression of a
      bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene in tobacco. Consistent
      with these findings, Morelli et al.11 have shown by deletion analysis of a second
      rbcS gene promoter, that the sequences required for photoregulated expression of
      rbcS E9 reside within the 5'-noncoding region. They identified an upstream region
      of approximately 700 bp needed for maximum transcription but not light-dark
      regulation, and a region from -35 to -2 bp which included the TATA box and
      contained the necessary information for light responsiveness. We now demonstrate
      that regulatory sequences 5' distal to the rbcS ss3.6 TATA box and
      transcriptional start site not only contain the information necessary for maximum
      expression, but also confer photoregulation. These upstream regulatory sequences
      function independently of orientation when fused to their homologous promoter or
      a heterologous promoter.

PMID- 3865056
TI  - Looking at renal failure upside down.

PMID- 3865058
TI  - Peritonitis in a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 3865059
TI  - Modern medicine. Coverage.

PMID- 3865060
TI  - Ethical quandaries for the present day medical institution.

PMID- 3865061
TI  - Distribution of women and minority physicians in North Carolina.

PMID- 3865062
TI  - Smokeless tobacco: a future health concern for North Carolina?

PMID- 3865063
TI  - Questionable medical advertising.

PMID- 3865064
TI  - [Cerebrospinal fluid transfer of cefotiam (CTM). Its relationship to CT].
AB  - Drip intravenous infusion of cefotiam (CTM) was made on patients who underwent
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage and study was made on CSF transfer of CTM and
      at the same time on the relationship between CSF transfer of iodine contrast
      medium and CT scan findings. This study was made on 11 cases of cisternal
      drainage and 8 cases of ventricular drainage. Cisternal drainage cases were all
      postoperative cases of ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Cases of ventricular drainage
      included 4 postoperative cases of ruptured cerebral aneurysm, 1 case of CSF
      rhinorrhea, 2 cases of brain tumor, and 1 case of ventricular hemorrhage. Drip
      intravenous infusion of 1.0 g of CTM was made in one hour and at given periods
      thereafter CSF was collected and measured. CTM transferred to the CSF in cistern
      at a comparatively high concentration (16.3-0.7 microgram/ml). Hardly any
      transfer of CTM to the CSF in ventricle was seen in one case of cerebral
      aneurysm, CSF rhinorrhea, and brain tumor, but transfer was observed in one case
      of cerebral aneurysm, one case of brain tumor, and case of ventricular
      hemorrhage. Transfer of iodine contrast medium showed the positive correlation to
      the transfer of CTM. In cases of brain tumor and ventricular hemorrhage with
      transfer of CTM with ventricular drainage, enhancement effect of the ventricular
      wall by the contrast medium could be observed by CT scan. From the foregoing, the
      following results were obtained. There was good transfer of CTM to the CSF in
      cistern in postoperative cases of ruptured aneurysm. CTM did not transfer to CSF
      in the normal ventricle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3865065
TI  - The Nd:YAG laser in ophthalmology.

PMID- 3865066
TI  - Selected Jewish views of life and medical practice.

PMID- 3865067
TI  - Volvulus of the gallbladder.

PMID- 3865068
TI  - Current nutrition: focus on obesity in adolescents.

PMID- 3865069
TI  - Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia--a nursing-care study.

PMID- 3865070
TI  - The role of the general dental practitioner in the treatment of periodontal
      disease.

PMID- 3865071
TI  - Demand for dental services: the customer perspective.

PMID- 3865072
TI  - Mandibular dysfunction in children with otalgia.

PMID- 3865073
TI  - Establishing endodontic working length: a comparison of radiographic and
      electronic methods.

PMID- 3865074
TI  - Update on spectral distribution and relative irradiance of dental "white-light"
      sources.

PMID- 3865075
TI  - Even friends won't tell you.

PMID- 3865076
TI  - Office encounters in general practice in the Hamilton Health District I: social
      class patterns among employed males, 15-64.
AB  - Recent epidemiological research indicates that a strong inverse relationship
      exists between social class and mortality for almost every cause of death among
      employed males in the age group 15-64. On such epidemiological evidence higher
      levels of health service use among lower socio-economic strata might be expected.
      Data from a survey of office encounters in general practices in the Hamilton
      health district reveal social class differences in the expected direction-
      especially for severe conditions--but the differentials recorded are not
      substantial. It is suggested that this shortfall in predicted class differentials
      in office encounters is explained by social class variations in patterns of
      symptom recognition and help-seeking and in access to care. Such differences mean
      that lower class men receive less medical attention than their experience of ill
      health might warrant.

PMID- 3865077
TI  - Halothane hepatitis: toxicity or hypersensitivity?
AB  - A 32 year old female developed a severe hepatitis (serum bilirubin 544 mumol/l)
      one week after a halothane anaesthetic. Six months later a general anaesthetic
      was administered via a halothane free circuit without incident. A year later a
      further non halothane anaesthetic was administered this time utilising the
      routine circuit after briefly flushing the rubber tubing with oxygen. That
      evening she became febrile and the following day abnormal liver function tests
      were documented. She remained asymptomatic.

PMID- 3865078
TI  - Journal matters.

PMID- 3865079
TI  - Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals.

PMID- 3865080
TI  - Evaluation of Dunedin Plunket family units.
AB  - The 249 new cases who presented to Dunedin's two family units during an eight
      month period in 1983 are described. Data including demographic details, the
      nature of the presenting problems, the types and frequency of interventions used,
      and the outcome as perceived by unit staff, referring agency and the child's
      mother, were collected. Commonly the presenting problem was but one of several
      identified by unit staff. The number and duration of family unit contacts did not
      differ greatly for different types of presenting problems. Outcome ratings by the
      involved health care workers agreed closely with those who made the referral
      (usually Plunket nurses) and suggested a definite improvement in the majority of
      cases. There was a high level of consumer satisfaction. Family units are still
      evolving and adapting to suit local needs, and it seems that they are providing
      an efficient and effective service which is unique in New Zealand.

PMID- 3865081
TI  - Forensic pathology and community health.

PMID- 3865082
TI  - Noise-induced hearing loss.

PMID- 3865083
TI  - Ketotifen and asthma.

PMID- 3865084
TI  - Lumbar puncture and subarachnoid haemorrhage.

PMID- 3865085
TI  - Alcohol and the young.

PMID- 3865086
TI  - JRMOs, general practitioners and specialists.

PMID- 3865087
TI  - Large bowel cancer.

PMID- 3865088
TI  - Screening for cervical cancer.

PMID- 3865089
TI  - Fatal injuries to bicycle riders in Auckland.
AB  - Twenty bicycle riders were fatally injured in Auckland between 1974 and 1984.
      Eighteen were male and nine aged under 15 years. The age distribution of
      fatalities corresponds closely to the known age distribution of the cycling
      population. Few differences in pattern of injury were demonstrable between
      younger (under 15 years) and older riders. Sixteen died of fatal injury to
      multiple organ systems. Fourteen had fatal injury to brain, including four with
      no other significant organ injury. Fatal cardiopulmonary trauma was seen in seven
      riders and fatal abdominal trauma in seven. Cervical and high thoracic fracture
      dislocation with cord injury were seen in seven riders. Compared to the
      population base, incidence of fatalities is low, and no recent significant
      increase is detected.

PMID- 3865091
TI  - Management of morbid obesity.

PMID- 3865090
TI  - Smoking during pregnancy and post-neonatal death.
AB  - Data from a survey of all post-neonatal deaths for 12 months to 28 February 1979,
      together with population data, were used to assess maternal cigarette smoking as
      a risk factor for post-neonatal death and cot death. Smoking was estimated to be
      a risk factor, but only where the smokers (Maori and non-Maori) were under 25
      years of age. The infants most at risk were those of Maori smokers aged 20-24. As
      a risk factor for post-neonatal death smoking during pregnancy ranked third, with
      Maori maternity second and low infant birthweight first. Results indicate that
      the relevance of maternal smoking to post-neonatal mortality may depend on the
      total psycho-social-cultural context in which it occurs. It is suggested that
      factors that initiate and maintain smoking behaviour in young women need to be
      identified and strategies developed to counteract them. Concurrently, non-smoking
      behaviour needs to be positively promoted as a more attractive option for young
      women to adopt.

PMID- 3865092
TI  - Attitudes of New Zealand obstetricians and gynaecologists to continuing
      education.
AB  - The attitudes of 118 New Zealand obstetricians and gynaecologists (81.7% response
      rate) to various methods of continuing education were objectively assessed by
      questionnaire. Most gynaecologists stated that they were likely to attend
      congresses despite the educative value of such meetings being much less than
      scientific training courses, refresher courses or scientific meetings: informal
      discussion with colleagues may thus be the real value of congresses. Hospital
      medical officer attachments and mail order self-education kits were not regarded
      as useful educative methods. Doctors in major cities had the greatest difficulty
      in attending courses, largely due to time rather than money or locum arrangement
      difficulties. The preferred season for formal meetings was autumn and the
      duration of meetings was two to three days.

PMID- 3865093
TI  - Complement in acute leukaemia: its role in infection.
AB  - This study determines the frequency of complement system dysfunction in adult
      patients with acute myeloid leukaemia and its prognostic significance. Twenty
      four patients with acute leukaemia had complement studies performed at time of
      presentation and during the haematological trough occurring between 7 and 14 days
      after the administration of chemotherapy. At presentation 32% of patients had
      abnormal complement function. Only 54% of patients maintained normal complement
      activity throughout the period of remission induction. The aetiology of the
      disturbance is unclear and no single causative factor was determined. Patients
      with abnormal complement function had significantly greater morbidity from
      infection during the period of remission induction as measured by the number of
      febrile (greater than 38 degrees C) days (p less than 0.05), and were more likely
      to have pathogens isolated by blood culture during septic episodes (relative risk
      4.0, p less than 0.01). These findings show a significant increase in morbidity
      associated with depressed complement function and emphasise the important role
      the complement system plays in maintenance of host defences.

PMID- 3865094
TI  - The general practitioner in the hospital.

PMID- 3865095
TI  - Diabetes screening for over 70 motor drivers.

PMID- 3865096
TI  - General practitioner incomes.

PMID- 3865097
TI  - The symptom of chest tightness.

PMID- 3865098
TI  - Rings in operating theatres.

PMID- 3865099
TI  - Wheeze after exercise.

PMID- 3865100
TI  - Treatment of cancer of the cervix.

PMID- 3865101
TI  - Nurses lead the way.

PMID- 3865102
TI  - International Council of Nurses' Congress. Part 2. Report of the Executive
      Director.

PMID- 3865104
TI  - Transition to parenthood.

PMID- 3865103
TI  - Thing of a new world (a new world of nursing regulation). Part 2.
      Recommendations.

PMID- 3865105
TI  - New horizons on the hospice scene.

PMID- 3865106
TI  - Quick! Eddie has been burnt real bad.

PMID- 3865107
TI  - Operating theatre management: purpose, priorities, people. Part 2.

PMID- 3865108
TI  - Degree of Bachelor of Nursing, Victoria University of Wellington.

PMID- 3865109
TI  - Open letter to women who have ever used an IUD.

PMID- 3865110
TI  - Think of a new world (a new world of nursing regulation). Part 1.

PMID- 3865111
TI  - The "clicking" TMJ.

PMID- 3865112
TI  - On electrosurgical indifferent plates.

PMID- 3865113
TI  - Atypical caries in bulimia. A case report.

PMID- 3865114
TI  - TMJ disease: what it is and what it is not.

PMID- 3865115
TI  - The Columbia Center for Clinical Research. Helping to shape the future.

PMID- 3865116
TI  - Questioning some perceptions of the quality of dental students.

PMID- 3865117
TI  - An answer to dental P.C.'s pension challenges.

PMID- 3865118
TI  - A review of vertical facial types and craniomandibular disorders.

PMID- 3865119
TI  - Marketing the professional practice discreetly.

PMID- 3865120
TI  - The role of an agency in marketing a dental practice.

PMID- 3865121
TI  - Replacing amalgam with posterior composites?

PMID- 3865122
TI  - Computers: tools for management and marketing.

PMID- 3865123
TI  - Retention with the 4 x 4 Crozat.

PMID- 3865124
TI  - Update on consent.

PMID- 3865125
TI  - Electrosurgery: fundamental requirements for successful use.

PMID- 3865126
TI  - Oral manifestation of disseminated Mycobacterium avium intracellulare in a
      patient with AIDS.
AB  - The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by a selective
      suppression of the immune system that renders patients susceptible to infection
      by a variety of opportunistic organisms. Among these is Mycobacterium avium
      intracellulare. AIDS victims often have oral manifestations of Kaposi's sarcoma
      and candidiasis. This article reports an unusual oral presentation of
      disseminated infection with Mycobacterium avium intracellulare in a patient with
      AIDS.

PMID- 3865127
TI  - Healing and revascularization of apical periodontium and dental pulps in
      apicoectomized and nonapicoectomized tooth replants in monkeys. A study of fully
      developed teeth.
AB  - This report primarily concerns an experimental study of the effect of apicoectomy
      on the healing and revascularization of the periodontal membrane and dental pulps
      in tooth replants. Five rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were subjected to
      surgical procedures in which twenty incisor teeth were extracted and immediately
      replanted. Ten of these incisors were subjected to apicoectomy. Healing and
      revascularization of periapical tissues and dental pulps were evaluated by
      histologic and India-ink-perfusion techniques. Apicoectomized replants were
      characterized by (1) loss of dental substance (tooth apex) and creation of large
      periapical spaces, (2) exposure of dental pulps and production of periapical
      inflammatory processes with destruction of alveolar bone, and (3) blocking of
      normal healing because of persistence of chronic periapical inflammatory
      processes. In contrast, nonapicoectomized replants depicted short-lived primary
      inflammatory responses and healing processes characterized by variable histologic
      responses.

PMID- 3865128
TI  - Posttraumatic extracapsular temporomandibular bony ankylosis between the coronoid
      process and base of the skull. Report of a case.
AB  - Extracapsular temporomandibular bony ankylosis between the coronoid process and
      the base of the skull but not involving the zygomatic arch is very uncommon. We
      have presented such a case, which developed secondary to heterotopic bone
      formation following trauma. Treatment consisted of ostectomy between the sigmoid
      notch and the base of the skull.

PMID- 3865129
TI  - Avoidance of the use of vomerine mucosa in primary surgical management of
      velopalatine clefts.
AB  - A brief review of normal maxillary growth and the dysfunctional pathoanatomy of
      velopalatine clefts is presented. A plan of management for patients with these
      deformities is proposed; this is based on the degree to which the deformity
      departs from normal. The authors stress the importance of early, complete
      reconstitution of the soft palate and avoidance of the use of vomer flaps in the
      closure of the hard palate. The influence of the vomer, nasal septum, and
      labionasal musculature on postnatal facial development is discussed.

PMID- 3865130
TI  - Tooth eruption and migration theories.

PMID- 3865131
TI  - Spontaneous regeneration of the parotid salivary gland following juvenile
      recurrent parotitis.
AB  - Sialograms of an 18-year-old female patient known to suffer from juvenile
      recurrent parotitis (JRP) disclosed the destructive glandular changes typical of
      the disease. During the 10 years subsequent to the sialographic examination, the
      patient did not experience any further attacks of JRP. Sialograms carried out
      when the patient was 28 years of age demonstrated a normal gland. This case
      illustrates that a damaged parotid gland is capable of regeneration following
      JRP.

PMID- 3865132
TI  - Treatment of lichen planus with griseofulvin. Report of seven cases.
AB  - Seven patients with lichen planus of the oral mucosa (four with erosive and three
      with reticular types of the disease) were studied; they were treated with 500 mg
      of griseofulvin twice daily for 2 1/2 months. In no case was improvement
      observed; on the contrary, in four patients (two with erosive and two with
      reticular forms) the condition worsened.

PMID- 3865133
TI  - Myofascial pain syndrome of the head and neck: a review of clinical
      characteristics of 164 patients.
AB  - Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common but misunderstood muscular pain
      disorder involving pain referred from small, tender trigger points within
      myofascial structures in or distant from the area of pain. Misdiagnosis or
      inadequate management of this disorder after onset may lead to development of a
      complex chronic pain syndrome. A review of the clinical characteristics of 164
      patients whose chief complaints led to the diagnosis of MPS revealed that these
      patients had (1) tenderness at points in firm bands of skeletal muscle that were
      consistent with past reports, (2) specific patterns of pain referral associated
      with each trigger point, (3) frequent emotional, postural, and behavioral
      contributing factors, and (4) frequent associated symptoms and concomitant
      diagnoses.

PMID- 3865134
TI  - Cystic ameloblastoma. A clinicopathologic analysis.
AB  - Thirty-three cases of ameloblastoma arising from odontogenic cyst linings are
      presented. Lesions of this nature have been referred to as "unicystic
      ameloblastoma." Our data support the findings of others in that this lesion
      differs from the solid invasive varieties of ameloblastoma, as the former occurs
      in a younger age group and exhibits a low rate of recurrence following
      enucleation or curettage. On the basis of histopathologic features we provide
      evidence that these lesions represent mural and luminal ameloblastomatous change
      in a pre-existing cyst rather than cystic degeneration of a solid tumor.

PMID- 3865135
TI  - Ultrastructure of the articular cartilage of the mandibular condyle: aging and
      degeneration.
AB  - To obtain more insight into the pathogenesis of osteoarthrosis of the
      temporomandibular joint, we examined the ultrastructure of articular cartilage of
      six healthy and sixteen osteoarthrotic human mandibular condyles. Ultrastructural
      changes due to aging and osteoarthrosis are described and compared with the
      findings of other ultrastructural studies of articular cartilage of synovial
      joints. Aging was accompanied by some slight degenerative signs. Osteoarthrotic
      hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage showed a striking similarity. The only
      ultrastructural difference was the presence of elastic fibers in the latter.
      Therefore, both seem to have the same pathogenesis. Several current statements on
      the pathogenesis of osteoarthrosis are discussed.

PMID- 3865136
TI  - Nonspecific immunity and head and neck cancer: blastogenesis reviewed and
      revisited.
AB  - The present study suggests a correlation between concanavalin A-driven
      blastogenesis and the clinical course of head and neck cancer. Blastogenesis
      assays were conducted on peripheral blood lymphocytes from controls and from
      patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck. Our results
      indicated that 3H-thymidine incorporation in response to concanavalin A and
      phytohemagglutinin stimulation were significantly lower for patients' than for
      controls' lymphocytes, whereas PWM stimulation was not statistically different in
      these two groups. Differences between patients and controls were most notable
      with concanavalin A stimulation. Five of seventeen patients had a response to
      concanavalin A stimulation that was in the normal range when expressed as
      relative to control values. The clinical course of these five patients seems to
      point to a better prognosis than that of the remaining patients who had below
      normal mitogenic responses.

PMID- 3865137
TI  - Loss of intercellular substance antigens in oral hyperkeratosis, epithelial
      dysplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma.
AB  - Tissues from 20 oral squamous cell carcinomas and 32 leukoplakic lesions were
      investigated for the presence of intercellular substance antigens by the indirect
      immunofluorescent technique using sera from patients with proven pemphigus
      vulgaris. The leukoplakic lesions included 19 hyperkeratoses without histologic
      evidence of dysplasia and 13 hyperkeratoses with varying degrees of epithelial
      dysplasia. Oral tissues from 20 healthy subjects were included as a control
      group. The great majority of squamous cell carcinomas (95%) showed partial or
      complete loss of the intercellular substance antigen reactivity. Similarly,
      hyperkeratoses with dysplasia demonstrated, in 92% of the cases, decreased or
      complete absence of intercellular substance antigen reactivity. Furthermore, the
      degree of antigenic loss seemed to be directly related to the degree of cellular
      anaplasia. On the other hand, in the hyperkeratosis group without histologic
      signs of epithelial dysplasia, retention of normal intercellular substance
      antigenic pattern was observed in 73.7% of the cases as compared to the control
      specimens. The authors suggest that further studies are necessary to assess what
      value lies in determining the loss of epithelial antigens in predicting the
      malignant potential of dysplastic oral epithelium.

PMID- 3865138
TI  - Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus.
AB  - A case of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) involving the oral mucosa is
      described. The lesion began in the labial mucosa with extension to the gingiva
      and to the skin. The frequency of occurrence of oral lesions of LSA is discussed,
      and a histopathologic comparison with skin lesions is made.

PMID- 3865139
TI  - Electrochemical corrosion in the failure of apical amalgam. Report of two cases.
AB  - Apicoectomy with retrograde amalgam is an accepted procedure for treating teeth
      that cannot be treated by nonsurgical methods. Some of these fail to heal for no
      apparent reason. Evidence is presented that indicates that some of these failures
      are caused by corrosion of the apical amalgam. Two cases are described in which
      the sinus tract that was associated with the failing retrograde amalgam was
      resolved without further surgery. To bring about the resolution, a zinc-enriched
      amalgam was placed in the crown that through an intervening conductor, reduced
      the rate of corrosion at the apex.

PMID- 3865140
TI  - Tissue reactions to two root canal sealers containing formaldehyde.
AB  - Tissue reaction to root fillings using either Endomethasone or N2 was
      investigated in the premolar teeth of dogs. Periapical inflammation was
      frequently observed, but of greater significance was the universal evidence of
      ankylosis and the accompanying resorption of teeth filled with N2. One tooth
      filled with Endomethasone also exhibited this condition. The results of this
      study do not support the use of these root canal sealers that contain
      formaldehyde.

PMID- 3865141
TI  - Tooth discoloration induced by dental materials.
AB  - Tooth discoloration after endodontic treatment is frequently attributed to drugs
      and filling materials. In this in vitro study the staining potential of various
      dental materials was investigated by means of a visual method to determine tooth
      color. Extracted human premolars were prepared, and the following materials were
      introduced into the pulp cavities: Cavit, Durelon, Dycal, Fletcher's cement, IRM,
      AH26-silver free, gutta-percha, Duo Percha, Fuji ionomer, and zinc phosphate
      cement. Before the materials were applied, the original tooth color was assessed
      on the external buccal tooth surfaces. Further color determinations were
      undertaken at regular intervals for 6 months after the materials were introduced.
      Durelon, Fuji ionomer, Fletcher's cement, and zinc phosphate cement did not
      induce measurable tooth discoloration. Cavit, Dycal, gutta-percha, and IRM caused
      a mild stain. For the teeth filled with AH26-silver free and Duo Percha, a
      moderate discoloration was recorded.

PMID- 3865142
TI  - Effect of border sharpness on the size and position of the focal trough of
      panoramic x-ray machines.
AB  - A resolution test pattern was used to determine the size, position, and centers
      of the focal troughs of four panoramic x-ray machines. The focal troughs were
      located at slightly different positions for each machine. The center of each
      focal trough produced varying degrees of sharpness. The average widths of the
      focal troughs were not greatly different between machines.

PMID- 3865143
TI  - Fractured jaw.

PMID- 3865144
TI  - Unusual endodontic therapy in deciduous incisors.

PMID- 3865145
TI  - Residual intracranial contrast agent.

PMID- 3865146
TI  - [Determining the T category in the TNM system in osteogenic sarcoma].

PMID- 3865147
TI  - Human myeloid differentiation antigens identified by monoclonal antibodies:
      expression on leukemic cells.
AB  - Six murine monoclonal antibodies reactive with human myeloid lineage
      differentiation antigens are described. These antibodies, designated WM-12, WM
      14, WM-15, WM-16, WM-19, and WM-20, react with normal peripheral blood
      neutrophils and monocytes, as well as a proportion of myeloid precursor cells in
      bone marrow, but fail to react with the majority of normal lymphoid cells.
      Immunoprecipitation studies have demonstrated binding of WM-12, -14, -16, -19,
      and -20, to elements of a protein multimer with sub-units of 50, 105, and 170
      kilodalton molecular weight under reducing conditions. WM-15 antibody, however,
      reacts with a separate protein of 165 kilodaltons. These 6 antibodies reacted
      with 89% of cases of acute myeloid leukemia, but showed significant binding with
      only occasional cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cases of AML (FAB M1 and
      M2) were more frequently positive with WM-15 (60% of cases positive) than with
      the other 5 antibodies, whereas the converse was true for leukemias with
      monocytic differentiation (FAB M4 and M5; 82-100% of cases positive with WM-12, 
      14, -16, -19, -20). These antibodies appear useful for diagnosis and
      classification of acute leukemia.

PMID- 3865148
TI  - Polymorphism associated with the human coagulation factor X (F10) gene.

PMID- 3865149
TI  - Breaking the silence.

PMID- 3865150
TI  - The new chief nurses: setting standards.

PMID- 3865151
TI  - Speed variation in new and used amalgamators.

PMID- 3865152
TI  - Frequency of secondary caries at various anatomical locations.

PMID- 3865153
TI  - Repair of defective restorations of direct gold.

PMID- 3865154
TI  - A comparison of oral fluoride retention following topical treatments with APF
      gels of varying viscosities.

PMID- 3865155
TI  - Alteration in salivary and plaque S. mutans in adults brushing with 0.4% SnF2 gel
      once or twice a day.

PMID- 3865156
TI  - The caries-preventive effects of full- and half-strength topical acidulated
      phosphate fluoride.

PMID- 3865157
TI  - Measurement of scavenged nitrous oxide in the dental operatory.

PMID- 3865158
TI  - Monitoring versus contingency contracting to increase children's compliance with
      home fluoride mouthrinsing.

PMID- 3865159
TI  - Color change following vital bleaching of tetracycline-stained teeth.

PMID- 3865160
TI  - Pulpal response to bleaching of teeth in dogs.

PMID- 3865162
TI  - A bonded appliance to correct ectopically erupting permanent molars.

PMID- 3865161
TI  - Enamel defects in prematurely born, low birth-weight infants.

PMID- 3865163
TI  - An oral hemangioma in a three-month-old child: clinical report.

PMID- 3865164
TI  - Biological characterization of human bone tumors. IV. Combined biochemical and
      histological analyses of different osteosarcomas.
AB  - A new technique was applied to the study of human osteosarcoma. Ten slices of 10
      micron were cut serially from 2 X 2 X 6 mm shock frozen blocks of human
      osteosarcoma for chemical analysis. Before and after each series of 10 slices,
      one slice of 10 micron was separated for morphological analysis. Four different
      types of osteosarcoma were investigated: Case 1 was an atypical osteoblastic
      osteosarcoma, case 2 a small cell sclerosing osteosarcoma, case 3 a well
      differentiated parosteal osteosarcoma grade I, and case 4 a highly malignant
      anaplastic osteosarcoma. Alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, beta
      glucuronidase and proteolytic activities were analysed as well as matrix collagen
      and hexosamine, phosphorus (Pi and Po), protein, DNA, and water content. In
      accordance with the morphology, the obtained data illustrate the great
      heterogeneity of osteosarcomas. Although case 1, 2 and 3 all represent calcifying
      types of the tumor, characteristic differences exist with regard to the matrix
      and the degree of calcification. In contrast to these three, case 4 presents a
      noncalcified type of osteosarcoma whose matrix contains relatively high amounts
      of hexosamine and low amounts of collagen, whereas DNA and water contents are
      high. The data from the analysis of osteosarcoma were compared with previous
      results from the calf epiphyseal growth plate in order to define differences and
      similarities between the formation of tumor bone and the physiological formation
      of hard tissue.

PMID- 3865165
TI  - The management of childhood leukaemia.

PMID- 3865166
TI  - [The need and degree of dental care in children of pre-school age].

PMID- 3865167
TI  - [Atrophic changes in the periodontium of the deciduous teeth].

PMID- 3865168
TI  - [A case of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia].

PMID- 3865169
TI  - [Observations on the causes of retention of upper central incisors].

PMID- 3865170
TI  - [Extraoral traction in orthodontic therapy].

PMID- 3865171
TI  - [Achievements of molecular endocrinology and biochemistry of hormones and new
      approaches to the study and correction of endocrine disorders].
AB  - Considerable progress in a study of the molecular mechanisms of the hormone
      biological effect has shown that practically all hormones regulate metabolism in
      the body by influencing the cell genetic system. These fundamental results served
      as a basis for a rapid development of a new direction--molecular endocrinology.
      In recent years effective approaches that make it possible to penetrate the
      secret of human and animal gene structure have been worked out. The paper is
      concerned with the results of a study of nucleotide sequences of genes and mRNA
      of various protein hormones and an analysis of the importance of these
      developments for present-day endocrinology and biochemistry of hormones.

PMID- 3865172
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of a pair of prolactins released in vitro
      by the pituitary of a cichlid fish, Oreochromis mossambicus.
AB  - The pituitary of the cichlid fish tilapia secretes two prolactins (PRLs) of
      molecular masses 20 kDa and 24 kDa. The 20-kDa PRL has an isoelectric point in
      the range of those of mammalian PRLs (pI 6.7), but the 24-kDa PRL is unusually
      basic (pI 8.7). Partial sequence information indicates that the PRLs are
      homologous but distinct proteins, differing by five amino acids within the first
      29 NH2-terminal residues. Homology in the known region is higher with chum salmon
      PRL than with known mammalian PRLs. Reversed-phase HPLC permits isolation of
      these two PRLs and a single tilapia growth hormone from culture medium or from
      the pituitary in a single step. HPLC and radio-HPLC analysis of [3H]leucine pulse
      chase experiments reveal that each PRL is secreted in vitro at remarkably high
      rates (21 pmol per gland per hr) and that the two PRLs are released in
      approximately equimolar amounts, suggesting the coordinate regulation of the
      secretion. Both PRLs exert characteristic PRL activity in that they prevent the
      loss of Na+ from the plasma of hypophysectomized tilapia in fresh water.

PMID- 3865173
TI  - Cryobaroenzymic studies as a tool for investigating activated complexes: creatine
      kinase.ADP.Mg.nitrate.creatine as a model.
AB  - By combining cryoenzymology with baroenzymology (a technique we term
      "cryobaroenzymology") one can obtain "stop-action" pictures of the intermediates
      in an enzyme reaction pathway and then observe their structural and energetic
      features ("motion features"). We illustrate the potential of this approach by
      considering the formation of a transient state analogue complex of creatine
      kinase (ATP:creatine N-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.3.2):
      enzyme.ADP.nitrate.creatine, where nitrate mimics the transferable gamma
      phosphate of ATP. Formation of the analogue complex is accompanied by a
      conformational change that manifests itself by tryptophan perturbation and thus
      allows kinetic studies by the stopped-flow method. We studied the formation of
      the analogue complex under cryoenzymic conditions as a function of pressure and
      solvent composition. This allowed a detailed description of the structural and
      energetic features of the activation process of an elementary step in an enzyme
      pathway.

PMID- 3865174
TI  - Modified oligonucleotides as alternatives to the synthesis of mixed probes for
      the screening of cDNA libraries.
AB  - Two simple alternatives to the synthesis of mixed oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes
      are described: mixed deblocking of triazolodeoxynucleosides for the A/G and C/T
      degeneracies or incorporation of 2-amino-2'-deoxyadenosines into a determined
      sequence for a higher stability of the hybridization duplexes. The synthetic
      oligodeoxyribonucleotides obtained were successfully tested in comparison with a
      classical mixed probe for their capacity to identify specific cDNA clones of
      human antithrombin III. The results are discussed with respect to the utilization
      of these synthetic oligonucleotides as hybridization probes for the isolation of
      cloned cDNA sequences.

PMID- 3865175
TI  - Phosphorylation of the yeast equivalent of ribosomal protein S6 is not essential
      for growth.
AB  - The yeast equivalent of ribosomal protein S6, known as S10, can be modified by
      the addition of two phosphates. The two adjacent serines that are likely to be
      subject to phosphorylation were deduced by comparison with the known sites of
      phosphorylation on rat liver S6. Using oligonucleotide mutagenesis, we altered
      the gene for S10 to replace these two serines with alanines. This mutant gene was
      introduced into a diploid yeast cell heterozygous for each of the two S10 genes.
      After sporulation, we obtained colonies in which the mutant gene was the only
      intact S10 gene. Although the ribosomes of these cells contained a full
      complement of S10, no phosphorylation of S10 was detected. These cells grow
      exponentially with a doubling time about 50% greater than that of control cells.
      We conclude that the phosphorylation of S10 is not essential for growth. However,
      the mutant gene in such cells is very unstable, frequently reverting to wild
      type, presumably by interaction with the disrupted host genes. We suggest that at
      some stage of the growth cycle there is strong selection for S10 that can be
      phosphorylated.

PMID- 3865176
TI  - Expression at the cell surface of biologically active fusion and
      hemagglutinin/neuraminidase proteins of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 from
      cloned cDNA.
AB  - cDNAs encoding the mRNAs for the fusion protein (F) and the
      hemagglutinin/neuraminidase protein (HN) of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 have
      been inserted into a eukaryotic expression vector under the control of the simian
      virus 40 late promoter. The F and HN proteins synthesized in recombinant infected
      cells are indistinguishable in terms of electrophoretic mobility and
      glycosylation from the proteins synthesized in simian virus 5-infected cells. In
      addition, the expressed F and HN proteins have been shown to be anchored in the
      plasma membrane in a biologically active form by indirect live cell
      immunofluorescence, the F-mediated formation of syncytia, and the ability of HN
      to cause the hemadsorption of erythrocytes to the infected cell surface.

PMID- 3865177
TI  - Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen with a recombinant adenovirus.
AB  - Early region 1 of the adenovirus type 5 genome was replaced with a DNA sequence
      containing the gene coding for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) flanked by
      the major late promoter from adenovirus 2 and processing and polyadenylylation
      signals from simian virus 40. In one type of hybrid virus only the adenovirus 2
      major late promoter, including just 33 base pairs of the adenovirus type 2
      tripartite leader, preceded the coding region of the HBsAg gene. In another, this
      region was preceded by both the adenovirus major late promoter and almost the
      entire tripartite leader. The structure of the substituted sequence in each of
      the recombinant viral DNAs was identical to that in the plasmids used to
      construct the viruses. Approximately equivalent amounts of HBsAg-specific mRNA
      were produced late in infection with each recombinant virus. Although HBsAg
      production was detected late in infection of the hybrid virus not containing the
      full tripartite leader sequence, its level was 1/70th of that obtained with the
      hybrid virus containing this sequence. One likely interpretation is that the
      presence of the tripartite leader at the 5' end of this mRNA is critical for the
      synthesis of HBsAg polypeptide in the late stage of infection. HBsAg produced
      upon infection with the hybrid adenoviruses was glycosylated and secreted into
      the culture medium as particles that were essentially indistinguishable from the
      22-nm particles found in human serum.

PMID- 3865178
TI  - Cloning and expression of the human erythropoietin gene.
AB  - The human erythropoietin gene has been isolated from a genomic phage library by
      using mixed 20-mer and 17-mer oligonucleotide probes. The entire coding region of
      the gene is contained in a 5.4-kilobase HindIII-BamHI fragment. The gene contains
      four intervening sequences (1562 base pairs) and five exons (582 base pairs). It
      encodes a 27-amino acid signal peptide and a 166-amino acid mature protein with a
      calculated Mr of 18,399. The erythropoietin gene, when introduced into Chinese
      hamster ovary cells, produces erythropoietin that is biologically active in vitro
      and in vivo.

PMID- 3865179
TI  - A rapid and sensitive method for detection and quantification of calcineurin and
      calmodulin-binding proteins using biotinylated calmodulin.
AB  - Purified bovine brain calmodulin was biotinylated with biotinyl-epsilon
      aminocaproic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide. Biotinylated calmodulin was used to
      detect and quantify calmodulin-binding proteins following both protein blotting
      and slot-blot procedures by using alkaline phosphatase or peroxidase coupled to
      avidin. When purified bovine brain calcineurin, a calmodulin-dependent protein
      phosphatase, was immobilized on nitrocellulose slot blots, biotinylated
      calmodulin bound in a calcium-dependent saturable manner; these blots were then
      quantified by densitometry. Biotinylated calmodulin was able to detect as little
      as 10 ng of calcineurin, and the binding was competitively inhibited by addition
      of either native calmodulin or trifluoperazine. When biotinylated calmodulin was
      used to probe protein blots of crude brain cytosol and membrane preparations
      after gel electrophoresis, only protein bands characteristic of known calmodulin
      binding proteins (i.e., calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, calcineurin,
      spectrin) were detected with avidin-peroxidase or avidin-alkaline phosphatase
      procedures. Purified calcineurin was subjected to one- and two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis and protein blotting; as expected, only the 61-kDa calmodulin
      binding subunit was detected. When the two-dimensional protein blot was incubated
      with biotinylated calmodulin and detected with avidin-alkaline phosphatase,
      several apparent forms of the 61-kDa catalytic subunit were detected, consistent
      with isozymic species of the enzyme. The results of these studies suggest that
      biotinylated calmodulin can be used as a simple, sensitive, and quantifiable
      probe for the study of calmodulin-binding proteins.

PMID- 3865180
TI  - Cap-dependent RNA splicing in a HeLa nuclear extract.
AB  - We have studied the involvement of the 5' cap structure in the splicing of
      precursor mRNAs in a HeLa nuclear extract. We show that precursor mRNAs are
      spliced efficiently only when they possess a cap structure and that preincubation
      of a HeLa nuclear extract rendered the splicing reaction highly sensitive to
      inhibition by cap analogues. This sensitization was dependent on exogenous Mg2+
      but not exogenous ATP or GTP. These results demonstrate that splicing in a
      nuclear extract is highly dependent on the cap structure, as was demonstrated for
      the splicing process in a HeLa whole-cell extract [Konarska, M. M., Padget, R. A.
      & Sharp, P. A. (1984) Cell 38, 731-736], and thus support the contention that cap
      recognition is an important feature of eukaryotic mRNA biogenesis.

PMID- 3865181
TI  - DNase I-resistant nontranscribed spacer segments of mouse ribosomal DNA contain
      poly(dG-dT).poly(dA-dC).
AB  - The nontranscribed spacer regions (NTS) that adjoin the coding portion of mouse
      ribosomal DNA are protected in nucleoli against exhaustive DNase I digestion.
      Since these sequences are degraded by the enzyme after they are extracted by
      phenol, the protection is suggested to result from the binding of specific
      proteins. The nucleolar structure would thus be organized to protect NTS
      sequences and expose the coding sequences for transcription. We show here that
      these protected sequences include tracts of poly(dG-dT).poly(dA-dC). We also
      report that these sequences are localized in regions flanking the rRNA
      transcription unit. These sequences can potentially form Z-DNA. The organized
      DNase I-resistant NTS structure in which they participate could be involved in
      structuring the nucleolus or in regulating transcription because poly(dG
      dT).poly(dA-dC) sequences and portions of spacer rDNA can serve as
      transcriptional enhancer elements.

PMID- 3865182
TI  - Spermidine is bound to a unique protein in early sea urchin embryos.
AB  - Spermidine is rapidly taken up and becomes bound to protein during the very early
      hours of sea urchin embryogenesis. During the first 6 hr after fertilization of
      freshly obtained sea urchin eggs (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus), which are
      incubated in the presence of exogenous [3H]-spermidine, up to 7% of the total
      cell-associated spermidine appears uniquely as spermidine bound in macromolecular
      form. This unique protein containing spermidine migrates as a single radioactive
      band in gel electrophoresis. It has a Mr of approximately equal to 30,000 and is
      readily distinguishable from the protein initiation factor eIF-4D, which has a Mr
      of 18,000, the only other identifiable protein known to date to be
      posttranslationally modified by polyamines.

PMID- 3865184
TI  - Expected time for random genetic drift of a population between stable phenotypic
      states.
AB  - Natural selection and random genetic drift are modeled by using diffusion
      equations for the mean phenotype of a quantitative (polygenic) character in a
      finite population with two available adaptive zones or ecological niches. When
      there is appreciable selection, the population is likely to spend a very long
      time drifting around the peak in its original adaptive zone. With the mean
      phenotype initially anywhere near the local optimum, the expected time until a
      shift between phenotypic adaptive peaks increases approximately exponentially
      with the effective population size. In comparison, the expected duration of
      intermediate forms in the actual transition between adaptive peaks is extremely
      short, generally below the level of resolution in the fossil record, and
      increases approximately logarithmically with the effective population size. The
      evolutionary dynamics of this model conform to the pattern of current
      paleontological concepts of morphological "stasis" and "punctuated equilibria."

PMID- 3865183
TI  - Chromosomal location of the gene encoding the neural cell adhesion molecule (N
      CAM) in the mouse.
AB  - The gene encoding the neural cell adhesion molecule, N-CAM, has been localized on
      mouse chromosome 9. A BALB/cJ mouse genomic library prepared in lambda
      bacteriophage EMBL4 was screened by using a cDNA probe, pEC204, that corresponds
      to the coding region of the chicken N-CAM gene. Four weakly reactive and one
      strongly reactive recombinant phage were isolated. A region of the latter that
      was strongly homologous to pEC204 was subcloned to yield a new probe, pEC501. RNA
      transfer blots and nucleotide sequencing indicated that pEC501 encoded part of
      the mouse N-CAM gene. This probe defined a unique genetic locus, Ncam, associated
      with a restriction fragment length polymorphism that allowed the definition of
      two alleles. The locus could be provisionally assigned either to chromosome 9 or
      to chromosome 10 by correlating the presence or absence of mouse-specific DNA
      fragments reactive with the probe in a panel of somatic hybrid cell lines with
      the presence or absence of the various mouse chromosomes. Analysis of the
      inheritance of the Ncam-associated DNA polymorphism in recombinant inbred strains
      of mice revealed close linkage between Ncam and the Lap-1, Sep-1, and Thy-1 loci
      on chromosome 9. This result suggests an additional linkage between Ncam and the
      locus for the cerebellar mutation staggerer (sg). The Ncam locus provides an
      important reference point for mapping the genes for additional cell adhesion
      molecules as well as genes for other molecules involved in neural development and
      function.

PMID- 3865185
TI  - Detection of neutral amino acid substitutions in proteins.
AB  - The field of biochemical genetics relies heavily upon the detection by
      electrophoresis of genetically determined variants of proteins. Most of these
      variants differ by substitutions that involve charged amino acids. Genetic
      variants of another large class, ones that involve substitutions among neutral
      amino acids, are not easily detected and are often ignored. Ampholyte isoelectric
      focusing in some cases can separate proteins indistinguishable by standard
      electrophoresis, including genetic variants of mouse hemoglobins that differ only
      by neutral amino acid substitutions. A revolutionary variation of isoelectric
      focusing, in which gradients covering a small pH range are fixed into place in a
      polyacrylamide gel, provides greater resolution of these nearly identical
      proteins. Mouse hemoglobin tetramers that differ only by the substitution of
      alanine for glycine in the alpha-globin chains are resolved by several
      millimeters with the new technique; by comparison, these tetramers are
      imperfectly resolved on a standard pH 7-9 isoelectric focusing gel. This improved
      technique of isoelectric focusing was used to identify a variety of previously
      unreported genetic variants of mouse hemoglobin alpha chains. Immobilized
      gradients tailored to the requirements of the proteins being analyzed will extend
      greatly the ranges of protein variations that can be easily recognized for
      diverse applications, including genetic quality-control analyses and in studies
      of genetics, mutagenesis, and evolution.

PMID- 3865186
TI  - Genetic complementation of UV-induced DNA repair in Chinese hamster ovary cells
      by the denV gene of phage T4.
AB  - The denV gene of phage T4, encoding the pyrimidine dimer-specific DNA repair
      enzyme endonuclease V, has been introduced by DNA transfection into the UV
      sensitive DNA repair-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line UV5.
      Transformants were first selected for resistance to the antibiotic G418 conferred
      by the neo gene from Tn5 carried by the same plasmid. A majority of the isolated
      G418-resistant UV5 clones also showed an increased resistance to 254-nm UV light.
      One clone, designated I-A1, was found to have an intermediate level of colony
      forming ability after UV irradiation when compared to UV5 and wild-type AA8
      cells. A Southern blot showed that I-A1 carries a single integrated intact copy
      of the denV gene. Alkaline sucrose gradients revealed a dose-dependent appearance
      of breaks in the DNA of I-A1 cells following UV-irradiation, while unirradiated
      cells did not exhibit any significant breaks. Analysis of DNA repair by isopycnic
      sedimentation showed that DNA excision repair by I-A1 was at least equal to the
      level of repair in AA8 cells. These results show that the prokaryotic denV gene
      can restore UV repair capabilities in vivo to CHO UV5 cells defective in repair
      of UV-induced damage.

PMID- 3865187
TI  - Amplification of DNA sequences in human multidrug-resistant KB carcinoma cells.
AB  - Four KB carcinoma cell lines selected independently for resistance to either
      colchicine, adriamycin, or vinblastine were studied. All cell lines showed high
      levels of resistance to the selecting drug and cross-resistance to the other
      drugs and to actinomycin D. Double-minute chromosomes could be identified on
      chromosomal spreads of these multidrug-resistant KB cell lines. Amplification of
      specific DNA sequences was demonstrated by using the technique of in-gel
      renaturation. All the cell lines share common amplified sequences. There are also
      amplified sequences that are specific for each cell line. A revertant cell line
      that has reacquired drug sensitivity has lost its amplified sequences. Specific
      probes obtained by cloning amplified sequences from the cell line selected in
      vinblastine recognize amplified sequences in all the resistant lines. The
      presence of common amplified sequences in these cell lines is strong evidence for
      the importance of these regions in multiple drug resistance.

PMID- 3865188
TI  - Variation among human 28S ribosomal RNA genes.
AB  - We report the complete 5025-base sequence of the human 28S rRNA gene. Variability
      within the species has been demonstrated by sequencing a variable region from six
      separately cloned genes. This region is one of three large subunit rRNA regions
      that show extreme sequence and size variation among species. The interspecies
      differences suggest species-specific functions for these sections, while the
      intraspecies heterogeneity indicates differences among ribosomes. Comparison of
      the human gene with a partial sequence from the chimpanzee 28S gene yields
      divergence rates for the two species: 0.8% for conserved regions of the gene and
      3.7% for a variable region. The rapid divergence rates of variable regions in the
      ribosomal gene may permit answers to the question of time of separation of
      closely related species.

PMID- 3865189
TI  - Low frequency of somatic mutation in beta-chain variable region genes of human T
      cell receptors.
AB  - We have cloned three pairs of rearranged and germ-line variable region (V beta)
      genes of the beta chain of the human T-cell receptor from the cell lines ATL2,
      ATL12, and MT-1 of patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). The pairs were
      derived from the same (for ATL2 and ATL12) and different (for MT-1) individuals.
      Comparison of the nucleotide sequences showed no somatic mutation in V beta X
      ATL2 and beta X ATL12-2. Although one nucleotide change was found in V beta X MT1
      1, the possibility of polymorphism was not excluded. These results indicate that
      the frequency of somatic mutation in the V beta gene of the T-cell receptor is
      1/10th or less than that in the immunoglobulin gene. Both alleles of the
      rearranged T-cell receptor gene were analyzed for ATL12 and MT-1. In both, only
      one of the two rearranged J beta alleles was an active variable-diversity-joining
      (V-D-J) complex. The results suggest that allelic exclusion occurs in the T-cell
      receptor gene.

PMID- 3865190
TI  - Alleles of the Ly-17 alloantigen define polymorphisms of the murine IgG Fc
      receptor.
AB  - Antibodies specific for allelic determinants of the cell membrane alloantigen Ly
      17 were found to react with genetically determined polymorphic sites on the
      murine IgG Fc receptor (Fc gamma R). Monoclonal antibodies specific for Ly-17.2
      and the Fc gamma R detected identical populations of cells in thymus, spleen,
      lymph node, and bone marrow and had nearly identical reactivity with a large
      number of hematopoietic neoplasms. Antibodies to the Fc gamma R and either allele
      of Ly-17 blocked binding of rabbit IgG dimers to the Fc gamma R on spleen and
      bone marrow cells. Antibodies to the Fc gamma R also blocked binding of
      antibodies to either allele of Ly-17, whereas anti-Ly-17 antibodies only
      partially blocked the binding of antibodies to the Fc gamma R. Biochemical
      studies showed that antibodies to Ly-17 and the Fc gamma R precipitated proteins
      of Mr 55,000-60,000. The identity of the proteins recognized by these antibodies
      was confirmed by sequential immunoprecipitation.

PMID- 3865191
TI  - Increased angiotensin II binding affinity in the nucleus tractus solitarius of
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Angiotensin II (Ang) binding kinetics were determined in discrete brainstem
      nuclei of 14-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive
      Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) by a quantitative autoradiographic technique. Tissue
      sections were incubated with 125I-labeled [sarcosine-1]Ang, and results were
      analyzed by computerized densitometry and comparison to 125I-labeled standards. A
      single class of high-affinity binding sites was identified in the nucleus tractus
      solitarius, the area postrema, and the inferior olivary nuclei of both SHR and
      WKY rats. Ang binding affinity was significantly greater in the nucleus tractus
      solitarius of SHR compared to normotensive WKY rats (0.27 +/- 0.06 X 10(9) M-1 in
      WKY rats vs. 0.59 +/- 0.15 X 10(9) M-1 in SHR), with no apparent changes in the
      maximum binding capacity of this area. There were no changes in the Ang binding
      kinetics of the area postrema or the inferior olivary nuclei. Our results suggest
      that central Ang activity is altered in established hypertension in a brainstem
      area of SHR associated with peripheral cardiovascular control.

PMID- 3865192
TI  - Enhanced mosquito blood-finding success on parasitemic hosts: evidence for vector
      parasite mutualism.
AB  - The generalized hematopathology frequently found in animals infected with vector
      borne pathogens may maximize transmission by enhancing the ability of vectors to
      locate blood in infected hosts. We tested this idea of mutualism between parasite
      and vector by comparing duration of probing of mosquitoes feeding on noninfected
      and on malaria-(Plasmodium chabaudi) or arbovirus-(Rift Valley fever virus)
      infected animals. We found that median duration of probing (blood location) on
      infected rodents was reduced by at least 1 min as compared to noninfected
      rodents. This enhanced ability of vectors to locate blood, possibly caused by
      parasite-disrupted hemostasis, may be a common feature of vector-borne diseases.

PMID- 3865193
TI  - Isolation, sequencing, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization of two
      brain neuropeptides that modulate the action of morphine.
AB  - Two peptides that crossreact with an antiserum raised against Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2
      were purified from bovine brain extract. Their structures were determined to be
      Ala-Gly-Glu-Gly-Leu-Ser-Ser-Pro-Phe-Trp-Ser-Leu-Ala-Ala-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe- NH2 and
      Phe-Leu-Phe-Gln-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-NH2. The sequences were determined by gas-phase
      sequencing, except for the COOH-terminal phenylalaninamides. These were assigned
      on the basis of the reactivity of the peptides with the anti-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2
      antiserum, which appears to recognize the determinant -Arg-Phe-NH2. Both peptides
      were synthesized, and the synthetic peptides were found to have the same HPLC
      retention times as the endogenous Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2-immunoreactive peptides,
      thus confirming the assignment of phenylalaninamide to the COOH-terminal
      positions. Both of the synthetic peptides were found to decrease tail-flick
      latency in rats, and the octapeptide was more active than the octadecapeptide.
      The octapeptide was found also to attenuate the prolongation of the tail-flick
      latency induced by morphine.

PMID- 3865194
TI  - Biochemical and immunological evidence for a cardiodilatin-like substance in the
      snail neurocardiac axis.
AB  - Cardiac hormones, which have been isolated recently from mammalian atria, are
      potent regulatory peptides of blood pressure and blood volume. By using
      biochemical and immunological methods to determine cardiac hormones of the
      cardiodilatin family, this type of peptide hormone was detected in a
      neurosecretory system projecting from the subesophageal ganglion to the heart of
      the snail. The cardiodilatin-like molecule was characterized by its biological
      effects on mammalian vascular smooth muscle, by radioimmunoassay combined with
      high-performance liquid chromatography, and by immunocytochemistry. In mammals
      cardiodilatin-like peptides appear to serve purely endocrine functions. In
      contrast, in the snail they are present in a neuroendocrine system, the function
      of which remains to be established.

PMID- 3865195
TI  - Dendritic sprouting and compensatory synaptogenesis in an identified interneuron
      follow auditory deprivation in a cricket.
AB  - We examined the effect of chronic afferent deprivation on an identified
      interneuron (Int-1) in the auditory system of the Australian field cricket
      Teleogryllus oceanicus. In normal intact crickets, the auditory afferents from
      each ear terminate ipsilaterally onto a single Int-1. Each bilaterally paired Int
      1 is excited by ultrasound stimulation of its ipsilateral ear but not by the
      contralateral ear. Unilateral removal of an ear early in postembryonic
      development deprives the developing Int-1 of ipsilateral auditory innervation.
      Consequently, the ipsilateral dendrites of the deprived interneuron sprout, grow
      aberrantly across the ganglionic midline, and terminate specifically in the
      intact auditory neuropile of the contralateral (unlesioned) side, where they form
      functional synapses with the contralateral afferents. This unusual compensatory
      dendritic sprouting restores auditory function to the neuron. Thus, it is
      demonstrated that the dendritic shape of an identified Int, as well as its
      synaptic connectivity, is altered as a consequence of chronic sensory
      deprivation.

PMID- 3865196
TI  - Nerve growth factor promotes cholinergic development in brain striatal cultures.
AB  - We have examined the effect of the trophic protein, nerve growth factor (NGF), on
      organotypic cultures of fetal rat striatum. Treatment of cultures with NGF for 10
      11 days resulted in a 5- to 12-fold increase in the specific activity of the
      cholinergic enzyme choline acetyltransferase (CAT; EC 2.3.1.6). in a dose
      dependent fashion. This effect was not elicited by insulin, ferritin, or
      cytochrome c, proteins similar in structure or physicochemical properties to NGF.
      The effect of NGF on CAT activity was specifically blocked by anti-NGF antiserum,
      whereas treatment with the antiserum alone did not have a significant effect on
      the enzyme. Immunocytochemical studies of the treated cultures, using a
      monoclonal antibody directed against CAT, revealed positively stained neurons
      exhibiting dendritic and axonal processes. NGF did not have an effect on total
      protein content of the striatal cultures, suggesting a highly specific effect.
      Moreover, levels of substance P, a peptide localized to other, noncholinergic
      neurons, were not altered by NGF. Substance P remained unchanged after treatment
      with NGF for 12 days, whereas CAT activity increased 12-fold in sister cultures.
      Although the mechanisms of action of NGF on striatal cholinergic interneurons
      remain to be determined, the marked, specific response of CAT suggests that this
      well-defined trophic protein may play a critical role in normal brain
      development.

PMID- 3865197
TI  - Loss of the normal N-ras allele in a mouse thymic lymphoma induced by a chemical
      carcinogen.
AB  - Young mice injected with the carcinogen N-nitroso-N-methylurea develop thymic
      lymphomas 2-4 months later. We previously have shown that these tumors frequently
      contain an activated N-ras gene that can transform rodent fibroblasts in vitro.
      We report here the intron/exon structure of such an activated N-ras gene and the
      sequence of its four coding exons. A single nucleotide change is responsible for
      the transforming alteration, a C----A transversion in the first base of codon 61.
      Through the use of synthetic oligonucleotides as hybridization probes, we show
      that this tumor lacks the normal allele of the N-ras gene. The implications of
      this finding for oncogene dominance are discussed.

PMID- 3865198
TI  - Lens-specific expression and developmental regulation of the bacterial
      chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene driven by the murine alpha A-crystallin
      promoter in transgenic mice.
AB  - Two lines of transgenic mice with one to two copies of a DNA fragment containing
      nucleotides -364 to +45 of the murine alpha A-crystallin gene linked to the
      bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene expressed the CAT gene
      only in their eye lenses. Both CAT activity and alpha A-crystallin were first
      detected in eyes at approximately 12.5 days of embryonic development, suggesting
      that the alpha A-CAT fusion gene and the endogenous alpha A-crystallin gene are
      co-regulated during lens development in the transgenic mice. These experiments
      show that the murine alpha A-crystallin gene contains a short, cis-acting, tissue
      specific regulatory sequence at its 5' end that can target the expression of the
      bacterial CAT gene, and probably foreign eukaryotic genes, specifically to the
      ocular lens.

PMID- 3865199
TI  - Stereochemical course of the reaction catalyzed by the pyridoxal phosphate
      dependent enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase.
AB  - (+/-)-S-adenosyl-DL-(3R*,4S*)-[3,4-2H2]-methionine [a 1:1 mixture of (3R,4S) and
      (3S,4R)] and (+/-)-S-adenosyl-DL-(3R*,4R*)-[3,4-2H2]methionine [a 1:1 mixture of
      (3R,4R) and (3S,4S)] were synthesized from (Z)- and (E)-[1,2-2H2]ethene,
      respectively. Key steps in the synthesis were the antiperiplanar addition of
      methanesulfenyl chloride to (Z)-[1,2-2H2]ethene, to give a 1:1 mixture of (R,R)-
      and (S,S)-1-chloro-2-(methylthio)[1,2-2H2)ethane, followed by alkylation with
      sodium acetamidomalonate and hydrolysis to give an equal mixture of four
      stereoisomers of [3,4-2H2]methionine [(2R,3R,4S), (2R,3S,4R), (2S,3R,4S), and
      (2S,3S,4R)]. The other four stereoisomers of [3,4-2H2]methionine were prepared
      from (E)-(1,2-2H2]ethene. The two sets of stereoisomers of [3,4-2H2]methionine
      were chemically converted to S-adenosylhomocysteine, methylated to give the
      corresponding (+/-)-S-adenosyl-DL-methionines, and then incubated with 1
      aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase partially purified from tomato
      (Lycopersicon esculentum, L.) pericarp tissue. The stereochemistry of the
      resulting samples of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid was determined by
      comparison with the 1H NMR of the chemically synthesized and regio- and stereo
      specifically deuterated compound. The results indicate that the hydrogens at the
      beta carbon of the methionine portion of S-adenosylmethionine do not participate
      in the reaction and that the ring closure occurs with inversion of configuration
      at the gamma carbon of the methionine portion of S-adenosyl-methionine, probably
      through a direct SN2-type displacement of the 5'-methylthio-5'-deoxyadenosine
      moiety by a carbanion equivalent formed at the alpha carbon of the methionine
      portion of S-adenosylmethionine.

PMID- 3865200
TI  - A muscle-type tropomyosin in human fibroblasts: evidence for expression by an
      alternative RNA splicing mechanism.
AB  - We have isolated a cDNA clone from a human fibroblast cDNA library that contains
      the entire protein-coding region of a 1.1-kilobase mRNA. This mRNA encodes a 284
      amino acid tropomyosin, the primary structure of which most closely resembles
      smooth muscle tropomyosin. Thus, the expression of both 284-amino acid muscle
      type and 247-amino acid non-muscle-type tropomyosins appears to be a normal
      feature of human non-muscle cells. We also present evidence to suggest that this
      cytoskeletal tropomyosin and a human skeletal muscle beta-tropomyosin are derived
      from a common structural gene by an alternative RNA splicing mechanism.

PMID- 3865201
TI  - Transition-state stabilization in the mechanism of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase
      revealed by protein engineering.
AB  - The principal catalytic factor in the activation of tyrosine by the tyrosyl-tRNA
      synthetase is found to be improved binding of ATP in the transition state. The
      activation reaction involves the attack of the tyrosyl carboxylate on the alpha
      phosphate group of ATP to generate a pentacoordinate transition state. Model
      building of this complex located a binding site for the gamma-phosphate group of
      ATP, consisting of hydrogen bonds with the side chains of Thr-40 and His-45.
      Removal of these groups by protein engineering shows that they contribute no
      binding energy with unreacted ATP but put all of their binding energy into
      stabilizing the [tyrosine-ATP] transition state [the mutant tyrosyl-tRNA
      synthetase (Thr-40----Ala-40; His-45----Gly-45) has the rate of formation of
      tyrosyl adenylate lowered by 3.2 X 10(5) but KS for ATP is lowered by only a
      factor of 5]. The side chains of these residues also provide a binding site for
      pyrophosphate in the reverse reaction. Thus, catalysis is accomplished by
      stabilization of the transition state by improved binding of a group on the
      substrate that is distant from the seat of reaction.

PMID- 3865202
TI  - Structural requirements for sulfation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of
      lutropin.
AB  - Human and bovine pituitary glycoprotein hormones (lutropin, follitropin, and
      thyrotropin) contain varying amounts of N-acetylgalactosamine and sulfate. The
      sulfate on asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of bovine lutropin (bLH) is present
      exclusively on GalNAc in the sequence GalNAc(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta 1-2)Man alpha.
      We have examined the structural requirements for sulfation of bLH
      oligosaccharides by using a reconstituted cell-free system. After cleavage from
      the protein, oligosaccharides containing the sequence GalNAc(beta 1-4)Glc
      NAc(beta 1-2)Man alpha were sulfated by enzymes in pituitary membranes. Addition
      of one or two sulfates was observed, depending upon the number of GalNAc acceptor
      sites on the oligosaccharide. Neither GalNAc alone nor oligosaccharides devoid of
      GalNAc were sulfated. Membranes from placenta or liver did not sulfate
      oligosaccharides released from bLH, indicating that the sulfating activity is
      pituitary-specific. The lack of peptide dependence for sulfation, in conjunction
      with the oligosaccharide specificity, suggests that the sequence GalNAc(beta 1
      4)GlcNAc(beta 1-2)Man alpha contains the recognition signal for the
      sulfotransferase(s).

PMID- 3865203
TI  - Cloning and expression of cDNA for rat heme oxygenase.
AB  - Two cDNA clones for rat heme oxygenase have been isolated from a rat spleen cDNA
      library in lambda gt11 by immunological screening using a specific polyclonal
      antibody. One of these clones has an insert of 1530 nucleotides that contains the
      entire protein-coding region. To confirm that the isolated cDNA encodes heme
      oxygenase, we transfected monkey kidney cells (COS-7) with the cDNA carried in a
      simian virus 40 vector. The heme oxygenase was highly expressed in endoplasmic
      reticulum of transfected cells. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned cDNA was
      determined and the primary structure of heme oxygenase was deduced. Heme
      oxygenase is composed of 289 amino acids and has one hydrophobic segment at its
      carboxyl terminus, which is probably important for the insertion of heme
      oxygenase into endoplasmic reticulum. The cloned cDNA was used to analyze the
      induction of heme oxygenase in rat liver by treatment with CoCl2 or with hemin.
      RNA blot analysis showed that both CoCl2 and hemin increased the amount of
      hybridizable mRNA, suggesting that these substances may act at the
      transcriptional level to increase the amount of heme oxygenase.

PMID- 3865204
TI  - Cloning of the human estrogen receptor cDNA.
AB  - Poly(A)+ RNA isolated from the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was
      fractionated by sucrose gradient centrifugation and fractions enriched in
      estrogen receptor (ER) mRNA were used to prepare randomly primed cDNA libraries
      in the lambda gt10 and lambda gt11 vectors. Clones corresponding to ER sequence
      were isolated from both libraries after screening with either ER monoclonal
      antibodies (lambda gt11) or synthetic oligonucleotide probes designed from two
      peptide sequences of purified ER (lambda gt10). Five cDNA clones were isolated by
      antibody screening and five were isolated after screening with synthetic
      oligonucleotides. The two largest ER cDNA clones, lambda OR3 (1.3 kilobase pairs)
      and lambda OR8 (2.1 kilobase pairs), isolated by using antibodies and
      oligonucleotides, respectively, were able to enrich selectively for ER mRNA by
      hybrid-selection. Furthermore, lambda OR8 contains the DNA sequence expected from
      the two ER peptides and crosshybridizes with each of the other ER cDNA clones.
      These results demonstrate that the clones isolated correspond to the ER mRNA
      sequence. Use of lambda OR8 as a hybridization probe revealed a single poly(A)+
      RNA band of approximately equal to 6.2 kilobase pairs in the ER-containing human
      breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and T47D. In contrast, no hybridization was seen
      in the human ER-negative cell line HeLa. The same probe hybridizes to a chicken
      gene that is expressed in oviduct tissue as a 7.5-kilobase-pair poly(A)+ RNA.

PMID- 3865205
TI  - Exposure of actin thiols by the removal of tightly held calcium ions.
AB  - The removal of bound metal ions from G-actin uncovered two thiols, Cys-10 and Cys
      257. The uncovering of these thiols requires a free calcium concentration lower
      than 10 nM. Therefore, participation of one or both thiols in Ca2+ binding is
      suggested. Actin labeled with N-(5-fluoresceinyl)maleimide in the absence of
      calcium moves as a doublet in NaDodSO4/PAGE. It is suggested that two conformers
      are induced by metal removal and labeling.

PMID- 3865206
TI  - Identification of a distinct soluble subunit of an intermediate filament protein:
      tetrameric vimentin from living cells.
AB  - Intermediate-sized filaments (IF) are among the most insoluble intracellular
      protein polymer structures. We have analyzed the small amounts of soluble
      vimentin, an IF protein, present in cytosol fractions obtained from lysis of
      cultured cells [rat RVF-SM cells, simian virus 40-transformed human fibroblasts,
      and human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD line) cells]. The molecular form of this soluble
      vimentin was determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, using
      vimentin-specific antibodies for subsequent ELISA and immunoblotting analyses.
      The majority of the soluble vimentin appeared in a distinct form
      indistinguishable in its sedimentation behavior from reconstituted tetrameric
      subunits of purified vimentin arrested at low ionic strength. The tetrameric
      coiled-coil nature of the soluble form of vimentin was indicated by the digestion
      pattern with chymotrypsin and by chemical crosslinking with copper-1,10
      phenanthroline and dimethylsuberimidate. The competence of this soluble vimentin
      to assemble into IF at higher salt concentrations was demonstrated by electron
      microscopy. Pulse-chase experiments showed that the soluble form was not an
      exclusively posttranslational intermediate. We propose that in the living cell a
      small pool of a distinct soluble tetrameric form of vimentin exists which may
      exchange with polymeric IF vimentin.

PMID- 3865207
TI  - Stabilization of the long central helix of troponin C by intrahelical salt
      bridges between charged amino acid side chains.
AB  - The unusual dumbbell shape of troponin C is due to the presence of a long alpha
      helix of nine turns that connects the amino- and carboxyl-terminal calcium
      binding domains. The center of the long helix appears to be stabilized by several
      salt bridges. The long helix is also bent about 16 degrees at glycine-92.
      Calmodulin, which lacks the central glycine, also is predicted to be stabilized
      by salt bridges in the central helix. The presence of a proline residue in the
      center of the long helix of ascidian troponin C and the myosin regulatory light
      chains suggests that a sharper bend may occur in these molecules. The
      conservation of the bend and salt bridges in the related calcium-binding proteins
      suggests they may have an important biological function. The structure of
      troponin C suggests that intrahelix salt bridges between neighboring charged
      residues may be involved in the stabilization of protein secondary structure. The
      preponderance of potential salt bridges in other muscle proteins as well may be
      related to their elongated structures and their participation in the contractile
      process.

PMID- 3865208
TI  - Ion etching bacteriophage T4: support for a spiral-fold model of packaged DNA.
AB  - Ion etching of bacteriophage T4 erodes virus components progressively from the
      outside to the inside while preserving the overall structure. The terminal
      portion of the T4 DNA molecule packaged can be specifically radiolabeled and was
      found to be eroded more rapidly than the remainder of the DNA. This strongly
      suggests that the first DNA to enter the prohead is condensed in the center of
      the capsid and is therefore shielded from the ion beam by the surrounding last
      packaged DNA. The results support a "spiral-fold" model for the arrangement of
      DNA within the icosahedral bacteriophage head. According to this model, phage T4
      DNA strands run parallel to the long axis of the phage, with sharp (180 degrees)
      bends at the top and bottom of the capsid. The folds themselves are arranged
      radially about the long axis of the head in spirally organized shells.

PMID- 3865209
TI  - Disulfide bond formation in the eye lens.
AB  - The disposition and disposal of the -SH groups of the lens during aging and
      cataractogenesis have been investigated by laser Raman spectroscopy as a
      noninvasive microprobe in the intact living lens. In this procedure -SH and -S-S-
      give unique discrete Raman signals (at 2580 and 508 cm-1) that may be used to
      calculate relative concentrations in a very small volume of the lens. We present
      evidence showing an unexpected and remarkable difference with respect to these
      groups between the mouse lens and the lenses of guinea pig and man. The mouse
      lens nucleus exhibits a precipitous fall in the -SH concentration on aging from 1
      to 6 months; concomitantly, there is a rise in -S-S- of comparable magnitude,
      indicating a direct conversion. The guinea pig lens, however, is quite different
      with respect to the age-dependent change in nuclear -S-S-: there is none between
      6 months and 5 years. In the human lens -S-S- behaves exactly as in the guinea
      pig lens: the level is low and does not change with age between 9 and 65 years.
      With respect to nuclear -SH, these two latter species of lenses show some
      decrease with age but nothing like the approach to zero found in the aging mouse
      lens nucleus. These differences involving lenticular -SH and -S-S- appear to be
      correlated with the hard nucleus in the mouse lens and the softer nuclei of
      lenses in guinea pigs and humans. The relatively high level of -S-S- in the old
      but clear mouse lens does not support the idea that protein aggregation involving
      formation of intermolecular -S-S- bonds is necessarily an important cause of
      nuclear cataract. The small but significant age-related depression of -SH in
      guinea pig lens nuclei without any accumulation of -S-S- may be explained as a
      result of glutathione (GSH) oxidation and subsequent extrusion of glutathione
      disulfide (GSSG) by the lens. We propose that the oxidation of glutathione
      proceeds by reaction with protein disulfide groups to yield protein sulfhydryl
      (PSH) and a mixed disulfide of glutathione and protein; the mixed disulfide is
      capable of being reduced by glutathione reductase and NADPH, yielding the
      original PSH and GSSG, which is extruded from the lens. It remains to be
      determined if this mechanism is more active in guinea pig and human lenses than
      in the mouse lens.

PMID- 3865210
TI  - Primer-dependent eukaryotic RNA polymerase capable of accurate transcription from
      the adenovirus major late promoter in a reconstituted system.
AB  - A sensitive assay for detection of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II has been
      developed. This assay depends on the ability of polymerase II to elongate a small
      RNA primer, oligo(U), hybridized to a single-stranded homopolymeric DNA template,
      poly(dA). The poly(dA).oligo(U)-dependent RNA polymerase II from calf thymus has
      been purified approximately 10,000-fold using this assay. The purified enzyme
      contains four polypeptides of apparent Mr 180,000, 140,000, 24,000, and 16,000
      and is fully active in accurate initiation of transcription from the adenovirus
      major late promoter in the presence of transcription factors from HeLa cells. The
      poly(dA).oligo(U)-dependent RNA polymerase activity can be detected in crude cell
      extracts from a variety of tissue culture cells and appears to be largely due to
      polymerase II, since 90-95% of this activity is inhibited by alpha-amanitin at a
      concentration of 1 microgram/ml.

PMID- 3865211
TI  - Footprinting of ribosomal RNA genes by transcription initiation factor and RNA
      polymerase I.
AB  - The binding of a species-specific transcription initiation factor (TIF) and
      purified RNA polymerase I to the promoter region of the 39S ribosomal RNA gene
      from Acanthamoeba were studied by using DNase I "footprinting." Conditions were
      chosen such that the footprints obtained could be correlated with the
      transcriptional activity of the TIF-containing fractions used and that the
      labeled DNA present would itself serve as a template for transcription. The
      transcription factor binds upstream from the transcription start site, protecting
      a region extending from around -14 to -67 on the coding strand, and -12 to -69 on
      the noncoding strand. The protein that binds to DNA within this region can be
      competed out by using wild-type promoters but not by using mutants which do not
      stably bind the factor. RNA polymerase I can form a stable complex in the
      presence of DNA and transcription factor, allowing footprinting of the complete
      transcription initiation complex. RNA polymerase I extends the protected region
      obtained with TIF alone to around +18 on the coding strand, and to +20 on the
      noncoding strand. This region is not protected by polymerase I in the absence of
      TIF. The close apposition of the regions protected by TIF and polymerase provides
      evidence that accurate transcription of the ribosomal gene may be achieved
      through protein-protein contacts as well as through DNA-protein interactions.

PMID- 3865212
TI  - Diethyl pyrocarbonate: a chemical probe for secondary structure in negatively
      supercoiled DNA.
AB  - Purine residues located within regions of DNA that have the potential to form
      left-handed Z-helical structures are modified preferentially by diethyl
      pyrocarbonate; this hyperreactivity is dependent on the degree of negative
      superhelicity of the circular DNA molecules. As negative superhelical density
      increases, guanosines in a 32-base-pair alternating G-C sequence and adenosines
      (but not guanosines) in a 64-base-pair alternating A-C/G-T sequence become 5- to
      10-fold more reactive to diethyl pyrocarbonate. The negative superhelical
      densities at which enhanced reactivity occurs are similar to those reported for
      the point at which left-handed helices form within plasmids carrying these DNA
      sequences. Probing of negatively supercoiled pBR322 with diethyl pyrocarbonate
      reveals a hyperreactive region 31 base pairs in length of which only 9 base pairs
      are a perfect alternating purine and pyrimidine sequence; the reactivity of
      purines within this sequence indicates that purines in the anti conformation, or
      guanosines in the syn conformation with neighboring 3' thymidines, are not
      hyperreactive in the Z-DNA form.

PMID- 3865213
TI  - Heat-resistant variants of Chinese hamster fibroblasts altered in expression of
      heat shock protein.
AB  - Heat-resistant variants of the Chinese hamster HA-1 line have been isolated after
      repeated heat treatments. The heat-resistant phenotype has been stable for over
      70 passages. One of the members of the 70-kDa heat shock protein family was found
      to be synthesized at greater levels in the heat-resistant variants under normal
      growth conditions. Mild heat treatment of the variant lines induced a transient
      thermotolerance that was accompanied by additional increase in the synthesis of
      the 70-kDa heat shock proteins. Cell-free translation of total cellular RNA
      revealed greater amounts of 70-kDa heat shock protein mRNA in both control and
      heated variant cells. The greater levels of 70-kDa heat shock protein synthesized
      in the variant cells presumably are a reflection of altered levels of its
      messenger mRNA. In addition, we found that translational control plays a role in
      the elevated expression of heat shock proteins in heat-shocked HA-1 cells and
      their heat-resistant variants. The association of the heat-resistant phenotype
      with increased levels of a 70-kDa heat shock protein suggests strongly that this
      gene product plays a role in protecting cells from damage inflicted by elevated
      temperatures.

PMID- 3865214
TI  - Myogenic growth factor present in skeletal muscle is purified by heparin-affinity
      chromatography.
AB  - A myogenic growth factor has been purified from a skeletal muscle, the anterior
      latissimus dorsi, of adult chickens. In the range of 1-10 ng, this factor
      stimulates DNA synthesis as well as protein and muscle-specific myosin
      accumulation in myogenic cell cultures. Purification is achieved through binding
      of the factor to heparin. The factor is distinct from transferrin and works
      synergistically with transferrin in stimulating myogenesis in vitro.

PMID- 3865215
TI  - Deposition-related histone acetylation in micronuclei of conjugating Tetrahymena.
AB  - Macro- and micronuclei of the ciliated protozoan, Tetrahymena thermophila, afford
      a unique opportunity to study histone acetylation under conditions where
      acetylation associated with the regulation of transcription and acetylation
      associated with the deposition of histones on the DNA are separable. In this
      study we demonstrate that histone H3 and histone H4 synthesized in young (5 hr)
      conjugating Tetrahymena are deposited into micronuclei in acetylated forms. Most
      of the newly synthesized histone H3 migrates as a monoacetylated form while
      essentially all of the new histone H4 is deposited as a diacetylated species.
      Since micronuclei replicate rapidly during this stage of the life cycle, but are
      transcriptionally inactive, these data suggest that histone acetylation is
      related functionally to histone deposition and chromatin assembly. Pulse-chase
      experiments show that micronuclei also contain a butyrate-sensitive deacetylase
      activity(ies) which operates to remove the deposition-related acetate groups from
      newly synthesized and deposited H3 and H4. This enzymatic activity probably
      contributes to the steady state level of micronuclear histone acetylation that is
      low or nonexistent. Thus, evidence is emerging for at least two independent
      systems of histone acetylation in Tetrahymena. The first system is specific to
      macronuclei and may be related to gene expression. The second system is common to
      macro- or micronuclear histones (H3 and H4) and may be related to histone
      deposition during DNA replication.

PMID- 3865216
TI  - Characterization of toposomes from sea urchin blastula cells: a cell organelle
      mediating cell adhesion and expressing positional information.
AB  - Cell adhesion in the sea urchin blastula is mediated by a 22S genus-specific
      glycoprotein complex consisting initially of six 160-kDa subunits that are
      processed proteolytically as development proceeds. Noncytolytic removal of the
      22S particle from the surface with either 2.5% butanol or trypsin renders
      dissociated cells reaggregation incompetent, and addition restores reaggregation
      and development. Polyclonal antibodies against the 22S complex prevent
      reaggregation in a genus-specific manner while monoclonal antibodies stain cell
      surface structures in a pattern consistent with a code that specifies the
      position of a cell in the embryo by a unique combination of subunits in its cell
      adhesion particles. The existence of similar particles in Drosophila and
      amphibian embryos suggests that these glycoprotein complexes are a general class
      of organelles, the toposomes, that in the embryo mediate cell adhesion and
      express positional information.

PMID- 3865217
TI  - Cortical anomalies in brains of New Zealand mice: a neuropathologic model of
      dyslexia?
AB  - Cortical anomalies have been reported in the brains of dyslexic individuals. In
      addition, dyslexic and left-handed individuals have a higher than expected rate
      of some immune-related diseases. The possible association between immune and
      cerebrocortical pathology was investigated in the immune-defective New Zealand
      Black mouse and its hybrid with the New Zealand White mouse. Structural anomalies
      similar to those present in the dyslexic brain were seen in the brains of these
      mice.

PMID- 3865218
TI  - Structure, evolution, and regulation of a fast skeletal muscle troponin I gene.
AB  - The complete structure of a quail fast skeletal muscle troponin I gene was
      determined by nucleotide sequence comparison of troponin I genomic and cDNA
      sequences. This 4.5-kilobase troponin I gene has eight exons. The actin-binding
      domain of troponin I is encoded by a single exon, whereas the troponin C-binding
      domain is split into at least two exons. The exon organization of the fast
      troponin I gene suggests that gene conversion directs the nonrandom conservation
      of the carboxyl-terminal halves of troponin I isoforms and that the amino
      terminal extension of the cardiac isoform originated by splice-junction sliding.
      Comparison of the structure of the troponin I gene with the structures of other
      contractile protein genes reveals homologous sequences in their 5' flanking
      regions and similar large introns that separate protein-coding exons from 5'
      nontranslated exons. These common structural features may function to coordinate
      the activation of contractile-protein genes during myogenesis.

PMID- 3865219
TI  - Evolution of apolipoprotein E: mouse sequence and evidence for an 11-nucleotide
      ancestral unit.
AB  - Apolipoprotein E (apo E) is responsible for the binding of very low density
      lipoprotein and chylomicron remnants to cellular receptors thereby removing them
      from circulation. We have isolated and determined the sequence of a cDNA encoding
      285 amino acids and the entire 3' untranslated region of 112 nucleotides of mouse
      apo E. The remaining coding sequence was determined by sequencing mouse liver
      mRNA. Comparisons with rat and human apo E sequences showed a high degree of
      conservation although there were regions in each species that were characterized
      by unique insertions and deletions. Analysis of the sequence homologies within
      apo E revealed that the entire sequence is made up of repetitive units. The most
      primitive unit appeared to be an 11-nucleotide repeat within higher order repeats
      of 22 or 33 nucleotides. The 11-nucleotide unit -TCGGACGAGGC- is read in all
      three reading frames, and when tandemly repeated, it encodes the highly conserved
      amino acid sequence Xaa-(Glu/Asp)-(Glu/Asp)-Xaa-Arg-Xaa-Arg-Leu-Gly-Xaa-Xaa. We
      postulate that apo E and those other apolipoproteins related to it have arisen by
      duplications and subsequent modifications of this or a closely related 11
      nucleotide ancestral sequence.

PMID- 3865220
TI  - Cloning and chromosomal location of the alpha- and beta-globin genes from a
      marsupial.
AB  - The cDNA sequences encoding the adult alpha- and beta-globin polypeptides of a
      marsupial, the native cat Dasyurus viverrinus, have been cloned and their
      nucleotide sequences have been determined. Using these cDNA clones we have
      determined the chromosomal location of the native cat alpha- and beta-globin
      genes by in situ hybridization to fixed metaphase chromosomes and by
      hybridization to DNA extracted from chromosomes purified by a fluorescence
      activated cell sorter. Using two independent methods of gene assignment we have
      shown the alpha- and beta-globin-like gene sequences to be asyntenic in the
      native cat, the alpha-globin-like sequences being on chromosome 2 and the beta
      globin-like sequences being on chromosome 4.

PMID- 3865221
TI  - Human monocyte-endothelial cell interaction in vitro.
AB  - We have examined the interaction of freshly isolated human blood monocytes with
      cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. Purified monocytes
      incubated with confluent primary or passaged endothelial cells (EC) for 90 min at
      37 degrees C bound at maximal densities of 6.5-7.0 X 10(3)/mm2 (8 or 9 per EC)
      without causing disruption of the monolayer. Monocyte-EC binding proceeded in the
      presence of plasma proteins or optimal phagocytic doses of opsonized zymosan
      particles. The avidity of attachment was not diminished by alternative monocyte
      isolation techniques. Monocyte attachment to EC was dependent upon the presence
      of divalent cations (magnesium greater than calcium) and was inhibited at 4
      degrees C. Monocytes selectively bound to EC when incubated with monolayers
      composed of smooth muscle cells and EC. Neither EC monolayer confluence nor a
      variety of EC culture conditions affected the high levels of monocyte binding. In
      contrast, human neutrophils (less than 1 per EC) and lymphocytes (less than 2-3.5
      per EC) bound at lower maximal densities under the same conditions, while
      platelet reactivity remained minimal. The distinctively higher affinity of human
      blood monocytes relative to other circulating white cells for binding to cultured
      human EC may have relevance to their function in vivo.

PMID- 3865222
TI  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 causes formation of multinucleated cells with several
      osteoclast characteristics in cultures of primate marrow.
AB  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces cells derived from mononuclear phagocytes such
      as HL-60 and U937 to differentiate to macrophage-like cells and causes alveolar
      macrophages to form multinucleated cells in vitro. Since the osteoclast is
      thought to be derived from early marrow cells of the macrophage lineage, we
      cultured normal primate marrow mononuclear cells in medium containing 1,25
      dihydroxy-vitamin D3. We found that large multinucleated cells (3-30 nuclei per
      cell) formed after 2-3 weeks of culture. Addition of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to
      these cultures markedly stimulated multinucleated cell formation. Other vitamin D
      analogues, parathyroid hormone, prostaglandin E2, and calcitonin failed to
      stimulate multinucleated cell formation. However, calcitonin inhibited the
      stimulation of multinucleated cell formation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The
      multinucleated cells that formed in these cultures contained a tartrate-resistant
      acid phosphatase activity, a marker enzyme for osteoclasts. This activity was
      increased by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin
      inhibited the increase in acid phosphatase activity stimulated by these
      compounds. Ultrastructurally, the multinucleated cells had several features
      similar to those of osteoclasts. These data suggest that the multinucleated cells
      in our culture have several characteristics of osteoclasts and that the potent
      bone-resorbing activity of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in vivo and in vitro may be
      mediated in part by stimulation of marrow mononuclear cells to form osteoclasts.

PMID- 3865223
TI  - Phagocytic cells synthesize 19-nor-10-keto-25-hydroxyvitamin D3, a metabolite
      that may induce differentiation of the human monoblastic cell line U937.
AB  - Phagocytic cells, including normal human blood neutrophils and monocytes,
      metabolize 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in vitro to more polar metabolites. Cells of the
      human monoblastic cell line U937 produced three metabolites when incubated with
      25-hydroxyvitamin D3. One of these metabolites, previously designated peak III,
      has its maximal absorbance at 310 nm. Mass spectral analysis of the
      trimethylsilylated derivatives of peak III revealed a spectral pattern very
      similar to that published for the trimethylsilylated derivatives of 19-nor-10
      keto-25-hydroxyvitamin D3. The biosynthetic 19-nor-10-keto-25-hydroxyvitamin D3
      was active in the induction of differentiation of U937 cells.

PMID- 3865224
TI  - Intravenous cyclosporine activates afferent and efferent renal nerves and causes
      sodium retention in innervated kidneys in rats.
AB  - The effect of acute intravenous infusion of cyclosporine (10 mg/kg) on efferent
      renal and genitofemoral nerve activity and afferent renal nerve activity was
      studied in anesthetized rats. All animals were studied after unilateral renal
      denervation and extracellular fluid volume expansion. Activity of both efferent
      sympathetic nerves was increased significantly by cyclosporine infusion (renal,
      69%; genitofemoral, 60%). Afferent renal nerve activity was increased 82% after
      cyclosporine (P less than 0.05). Urine flow rate and both absolute and fractional
      sodium excretion from the innervated kidney were reduced 50% after cyclosporine
      infusion (P less than 0.01). Absolute and fractional sodium excretion from the
      denervated kidney were significantly increased after cyclosporine. Infusion of
      vehicle had no significant effect on any measured variable in innervated or
      denervated kidneys. These studies demonstrate the capacity of cyclosporine to
      increase efferent sympathetic nerve activity and afferent nerve activity. It is
      also shown that sodium retention resulting from acute infusion of cyclosporine
      can be attributed to the increase in efferent renal nerve activity.

PMID- 3865225
TI  - A defect in cholesterol esterification in Niemann-Pick disease (type C) patients.
AB  - The demonstration of a defect of cholesterol esterification in a mutant strain of
      BALB/c mice with an attendant reduction of sphingomyelinase activity [Pentchev,
      P. G., Boothe, A. D., Kruth, H.S., Weintroub, H., Stivers, J. & Brady, R. O.
      (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 5784-5791] prompted us to examine the capacity of
      cultured human Niemann-Pick fibroblasts to esterify exogenously derived
      cholesterol. Cholesterol was supplied to cell cultures in the form of native or
      chemically modified, positively charged low density lipoprotein or as non
      lipoprotein cholesterol. Cholesterol esterification was not impaired in cell
      cultures derived from patients with type A or B Niemann-Pick disease. However,
      esterification of exogenously administered cholesterol was deficient in 20 type C
      Niemann-Pick cell lines that were available for testing. Fluorescence
      histochemical staining of unesterified cholesterol in type C cells suggested that
      these cells were able to internalize and lysosomally process lipoprotein
      cholesterol. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase activity did not appear
      deficient in type C cell extracts. The error in cholesterol esterification may
      provide an opportunity for probing the molecular lesion in this disorder and may
      afford a useful and reliable means for establishing diagnosis.

PMID- 3865226
TI  - Depolarization regulates adrenal preproenkephalin mRNA.
AB  - The regulation of neuropeptide gene expression has been investigated by using rat
      adrenal medullae grown in explant culture. After 3 days in culture the (now
      denervated) explants exhibited a 10-fold increase in leucine-enkephalin (leu-EK)
      content. Inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide completely blocked
      the rise, whereas inhibition of RNA synthesis with actinomycin D or alpha
      amanitin inhibited the increase by 50%. Inhibition of DNA synthesis with 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine (cytosine arabinoside) had no discernible effect. To
      determine whether the rise in leu-EK was associated with an increase in specific
      mRNA coding for the opiate peptide precursor, blot hybridization analysis was
      performed. A single species of preproenkephalin mRNA was detected after various
      culture periods. The amount of mRNA increased 34-fold after 2 days in culture and
      74-fold after 4 days. Consequently, the rise in mRNA levels preceded the increase
      in the amount of leu-EK. Depolarization of the adrenal medullae with either
      elevated potassium or veratridine, which prevents leu-EK accumulation, inhibited
      the increase in the amount of preproenkephalin mRNA. Moreover, the effect of
      veratridine was blocked by tetrodotoxin, suggesting that transmembrane sodium ion
      influx affects the increase in the amount of message. Our studies suggest that
      elevation of leu-EK in explanted (denervated) medullae is associated with
      increased amounts of mRNA coding for the peptide precursor and that these
      processes can be regulated by depolarization.

PMID- 3865228
TI  - Prostaglandin D2 mediated specific increase in rat brain serotonin.

PMID- 3865227
TI  - Differentiation of neuronal growth cones: specialization of filopodial tips for
      adhesive interactions.
AB  - Adhesive contacts made by filopodia of developing neurons are important in
      neurite growth and in the formation of synaptic junctions. In the present work,
      filopodial interactions of cultured chicken retina neurons were studied by using
      video-enhanced contrast, differential interference contrast (VEC-DIC) microscopy
      and the high-voltage electron microscope (HVEM). Use of the HVEM to examine whole
      mounts of fixed cells showed that filopodia in older cultures developed an
      appearance that might be expected of nascent synapses, becoming enlarged at their
      endings and accumulating organelles resembling synaptic vesicles. VEC-DIC
      microscopy, used to observe the motility and adhesive properties of filopodia in
      living cells, showed there was a particularly high affinity between filopodia
      tips. Contacting filopodia typically repositioned themselves so they could attach
      at a tip-to-tip position, occasionally bending as much as 90 degrees to achieve
      this preferred orientation. Interacting filopodia frequently remained together as
      they pushed or pulled on each other, moved laterally together, or stretched
      tightly and underwent intense vibratory movements. Such linked motility occurred
      even when apparent gaps existed between the filopodia. Examination of these gaps
      with the HVEM revealed filamentous structures linking the apposed membranes. The
      filamentous links were 10-13 nm in diameter and 30-100 nm long. Although it has
      not yet been established that the filaments reflect the native configuration of
      the interconnecting materials, the structures seem likely to be associated with
      the strongly adhesive behavior of the filopodial tips. The possible significance
      of these structural and functional properties of filopodia tips to axon growth
      and synapse formation is discussed.

PMID- 3865229
TI  - The search for genetic factors controlling plasma glucose levels in Dogrib
      Indians.

PMID- 3865230
TI  - The consumer's role in development of orphan drugs.

PMID- 3865231
TI  - Interaction of DNA methyltransferase and other non-histone proteins isolated from
      Friend erythroleukemia cell nuclei with 5-azacytosine residues in DNA.

PMID- 3865232
TI  - The DNA-methylating system of murine erythroleukemia cells.

PMID- 3865234
TI  - The identification of several prostaglandin moieties in Crassostrea virginica and
      Mytilus edulis by radioimmunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - The presence of prostaglanin-like compounds was examined by radioimmunoassay and
      isochratic step-elution high performance liquid chromatography in two
      commercially important molluscs, the American oyster Crassostrea virginica, and
      the edible mussel Mytilus edulis. Radioimmunoassays for prostaglandins F2 alpha
      and E2, and 6-keto F1 alpha (the stable hydrolysis product of prostacyclin)
      demonstrated mean +/- S.D. levels of 3.19 +/- 2.1, 13.08 +/- 5.4, and 1.5 +/-
      0.42 nanograms of prostaglandin equivalents, respectively, in C. virginica
      extracts. Levels of PGF2 alpha, PGE2, and 6-keto PGF1 alpha were 4.0 +/- 2.2,
      33.34 +/- 3.5, and 7.18 +/- 2.3, respectively, in M. edulis samples.
      Chromatographic analyses of organic extracts of these bivalues demonstrated the
      presence of one or more moieties possessing retention times similar to, or
      identical with, standards of PGF2 alpha, PGE2, and 6-keto PGF1 alpha. The
      immunological and chromatographic data, as well as the polyenoic fatty acid
      profiles of these species, suggest the presence of immunoactive prostanoids of
      the 2- and 3-series. These findings are discussed in the context of present
      knowledge of eicosanoid biochemistry and physiology in marine invertebrates.

PMID- 3865233
TI  - Salicylate antagonizes the antiinflammatory action of aspirin in the rat.
AB  - On the ground of conflicting evidence concerning the interaction of salicylate
      and aspirin, we investigated the results of such interaction on carrageenin edema
      of the rat hind paw. Aspirin and sodium salicylate were administered by stomach
      tube either singly or in combination, at a dose of 50 mg/kg each. The
      antiinflammatory effect was significantly greater when aspirin was administered
      prior to salicylate than when aspirin followed salicylate. It is therefore
      suggested that salicylate may antagonize the action of aspirin in vivo, and that
      the temporal order in which the two drugs interact with cyclooxygenase may be an
      important determinant of the outcome.

PMID- 3865235
TI  - Pulmonary vascular response to high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in dogs:
      lack of effect of indomethacin.
AB  - The role of prostaglandins (PG) in the pulmonary hypertension associated with
      high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) was investigated in 7 pentobarbital
      anesthetized dogs. The magnitude and time course of the mean pulmonary artery
      pressure (PAP) changes induced by HFOV (20 Hz) was quantified before and after PG
      production blockade with 15 mg/kg indomethacin (INDO) i.v. It was found that HFOV
      before INDO induced a 27.2 +/- 5.6% increase in PAP above baseline and a 30.0 +/-
      7.2% one hour after INDO administration. This difference was not statistically
      significant. The time course of the PAP changes induced by HFOV before and after
      blocking PG-production by INDO were also similar. Mean airway pressure, PaO2 and
      PaCO2 during HFOV, before and after INDO were not statistically different. It is
      concluded that the acute increase in PAP induced by HFOV is not due to PG
      release.

PMID- 3865236
TI  - Different effects of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha on triglyceride levels in
      uterine smooth muscle from diabetic diestrous rats.
AB  - Triglyceride (TG) concentrations in uterine strips isolated from diestrous normal
      rats, from diestrous streptozotocin (single iv. injection of 65 mg X Kg body
      weight-1)-diabetic rats and from diestrous diabetic animals, treated in vivo with
      insulin (protamine zinc insulin 4U X day-1, 6 days, sc.), were measured.
      Determinations were made immediately following killing (0 min, or postisolation)
      as well as after an incubation period in glucose-free medium (60 min, or
      postincubation), with or without additions. The basal or postisolation levels of
      TGs (0 min) in the uterus from control normal rats (TGs: 17.0 +/- 0.5 mumol X g
      1, d.w.; blood glucose: 100.4 +/- 4.8 mg X dl-1) were lower (P less than 0.001)
      than in streptozotocin-diabetics (TGs: 28.5 +/- 0.6 mumol X g-1, d.w.; blood
      glucose: 302.0 +/- 10.1 mg X dl-1) and the treatment with insulin (blood glucose:
      165.0 +/- 14.7 mg X dl-1), restored TGs towards normal (19.3 +/- 1.3 mumol X g-1,
      d.w.). The postisolation levels of TGs (0 min) in the uterus from normal controls
      did not differ in comparison with postincubation values (60 min), either without
      additions or in presence of indomethacin (5 X 10(-6)M) or of prostaglandins (PGs)
      E2 or F2 alpha, at 10(-9)M. On the contrary, in uteri from diabetic animals, the
      higher initial TG levels diminished spontaneously in comparison to controls (P
      less than 0.001) following 60 min of incubation without additions; this decrement
      being antagonized by indomethacin or by propranolol (10(-6)M). Moreover,
      exogenous PGE2 failed to alter the effect of indomethacin, whereas PGF2 alpha
      evoked its abolition. In addition, propranolol, which effectively blocked the
      spontaneous decrement of TGs as did indomethacin, prevented also the influence of
      PGF2 alpha on the action of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor. In the case of uteri
      from diabetic rats treated in vivo with insulin, TG levels remained unaltered at
      the end of an incubating period of 60 min without additions and so they did
      following the administration of indomethacin or PGF2 alpha. The results document
      that the regulation of TGs in the diestrous rat uteri, suspended in glucose-free
      solution, is affected differently by PGE2 and F2 alpha, depending on the
      existence or not of an untreated diabetic condition. They also suggest that the
      action of PGF2 alpha may involve the activation of tissue beta-adrenoreceptors.

PMID- 3865237
TI  - The role of prostaglandins in aldosterone and corticosterone secretion by
      isolated perfused rat zona glomerulosa cells.
AB  - The effect of PGE2 and PGA1 on aldosterone and corticosterone biosynthesis by
      isolated perfused rat zona glomerulosa cells has been studied. Incremental doses
      of each of the prostaglandins tested produced a progressive rise in aldosterone
      (3-4 fold increase for PGE2 and 2-3 fold increase for PGA1) and corticosterone (4
      8 fold for PGE2 and 2-4 fold for PGA1). The cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors
      indomethacin and meclofenamate however produced no effect on basal
      steroidogenesis. PGE2 produced a marked potentiation of angiotensin II-induced
      aldosterone secretion (45.7 +/- 13.6 to 144.3 +/- 19.4 pg/ml with angiotensin II
      alone and 78.4 +/- 16.6 to 269.9 +/- 39.5 pg/ml with angiotensin II + PGE2). In
      contrast, there was no effect of PGE2 on ACTH or serotonin-induced aldosterone
      secretion. These data show that PGE2 and PGA1 can directly stimulate rat adrenal
      steroidogenesis and suggest that PGE2 may play a role in mediating angiotensin II
      induced aldosterone secretion by rat zone glomerulosa cells.

PMID- 3865238
TI  - Release of prostaglandins E and F from rat uterine strips incubated in
      depolarizing and hyperpolarizing solutions.
AB  - The purpose of this study was investigate the effect of depolarizing (high K+,
      procaine 5 mM, high K+-Ca2+ free) or hyperpolarizing (K+ free) solutions on the
      generation and release of prostaglandins (PGs) E and F from the rat uterus. The
      output of PGs in the bathing solution was measured by bioassay. Results are
      expressed as ng/g dry weight/min. Under basal conditions in Krebs Ringer
      Bicarbonate medium, the total output of PGs (E + F) was 12.8 +/- 0.9, 20.5 +/-
      2.5 and 39.1 +/- 4.3 ng/dw/min at 0-60, 60-80, 80-100 min intervals respectively,
      the major proportion being PGF like material in all cases. When the strips were
      bathed in depolarizing solution the total output increased significantly PGE
      being the most augmented. However, when K+ free solution was used there was a
      marked reduction in prostaglandins release as compared with basal conditions or
      depolarizing media. These results can not be attributed to osmotic effect,
      muscular work or neurotransmitter release from nerve endings. A close
      relationship between the variations in membrane potential and prostaglandins
      release seems to indicate that both parameters might correlate well.

PMID- 3865239
TI  - 16,16-Dimethyl PGE2 partially prevents N-phenylanthranilic acid-induced kidney
      damage in the rat.

PMID- 3865240
TI  - Re-examination of the assay for plasma prostanoids by solid-phase extraction, and
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A method for the routine assay of plasma thromboxane and prostacyclin
      metabolites, thromboxane B2 and 6 keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (employing solid
      phase extraction to remove the metabolites from interfering substances) and using
      commercially available antisera for their radioimmunoassay has been investigated.
      Modifications of previously published procedures have been explored, including
      the use of non-explosive solvents in the extraction procedure, and inclusion of a
      non-cross reacting internal standard, prostaglandin D2, to estimate recovery
      through the extraction procedures. Both the original and modified procedures can
      produce high blank values, which apparently result from the solid-phase
      extraction. These high backgrounds are constant for a given lot of solid phase
      extraction cartridges and can be corrected by subtraction. The modified method is
      linear with volume of plasma assayed to as little as one ml, and all cross
      reacting material in normal human plasma was found to co-chromatograph with
      authentic standards on reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography.
      Values for normal adult plasmas were found to be 0.44 +/- .15 pmol/ml 6 keto PGF1
      alpha (mean +/- SD) and .103 +/- .07 for thromboxane B2. The method reported
      provides a convenient, reproducible way to assay these important plasma
      prostanoids.

PMID- 3865241
TI  - (15S)-15-methyl prostaglandin E1-induced neutrophilia in Brown-Norway rats.
AB  - A stable analogue of prostaglandin E1, (15S)-15-methyl prostaglandin E1 (M-PGE1),
      induces a marked relative and absolute neutrophilia after subcutaneous injection
      at a pharmacologic dose of 1 mg/kg in Brown-Norway rats. The neutrophils reached
      a peak of 6 hours after injection at which time the absolute neutrophil count was
      13,457 +/- 6,038/mm3 versus 2,451 +/- 1,298/mm3 before injection (p less than
      0.001). The absolute white blood cell count/mm3 did not change significantly at 6
      hours after injection, but a significant eosinopenia was noted, as has been
      described by previous investigators, after the administration of prostaglandins.
      A possible physiologic in vivo role for prostaglandin in the causation of
      neutrophilia remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 3865242
TI  - Sex preselection: the advent of the made-to-order child.

PMID- 3865243
TI  - Dissociative states in multiple personality disorder: a quantitative study.
AB  - Multiple personality disorder (MPD) patients may experience themselves as several
      discrete alter personalities who do not share consciousness or memories with one
      another. In this study, we asked whether MPD patients are different from controls
      in their ability to learn and remember, and their ability to compartmentalize
      information. MPD patients were not found to differ from controls in overall
      memory level. Learning of information by MPD patients in disparate personality
      states did not result in greater compartmentalization than that of which control
      subjects were capable. However, there were qualitative differences between the
      cognitive performance of patients and that of controls attempting to role-play
      alter personalities. Our results suggest that simple confabulation is not an
      adequate model for the MPD syndrome, and we consider a possible role for state
      dependent learning in the phenomenology of MPD.

PMID- 3865244
TI  - Diagnostic utility of autonomic measures for major depressive disorders.
AB  - The diagnostic utility (sensitivity, specificity, and overall efficiency) of
      autonomic nervous system measures in distinguishing hospitalized patients with
      unipolar depression from age-matched normal controls is reported. Tonic resting
      skin conductance level (SCL), tonic resting heart rate level (HRL), and the
      phasic skin conductance and heart rate responses (SCRs and HRRs) to task-related
      stimuli were used. The overall efficiency of SCL of 70% was generally consistent
      with previous research. The other measures yielded greater efficiency: 80% for
      SCR, 90% for HRL, and 83% for HRR. The possible role of autonomic measures in the
      diagnosis of major depressive episodes is discussed.

PMID- 3865245
TI  - Morbidity risk for psychiatric disorders in families of probands with affective
      disorders divided according to levels of platelet MAO activity.
AB  - In a series comprising 166 subjects with affective disorders, the lowest and
      highest quartiles in the male and female platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO)
      distribution, respectively, were included. The morbidity risk in the first-degree
      relatives (parents and siblings) of these low and high platelet MAO subjects was
      determined. First-degree relatives of low platelet MAO probands were found to
      have an increased morbidity risk for neurotic-reactive depressions and for
      alcoholism. The results seem to be in line with the biological high-risk
      paradigm, indicating that platelet MAO could be a biological marker for increased
      vulnerability. First-degree relatives of high platelet MAO probands were found to
      have an increased morbidity risk for bipolar affective disorders.

PMID- 3865247
TI  - Measuring thought disorder with clinical rating scales in schizophrenic and
      nonschizophrenic patients.
AB  - The distinction between disorders of thought structure and disorders of thought
      content in a diagnostically heterogeneous psychiatric population was empirically
      tested using factor analysis applied to the item scores on two common clinical
      rating scales, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Andreasen's Thought,
      Language, and Communication Scale. The factor structure supported the separation
      of disordered thinking into disorders of thought content and disorders of thought
      structure or communication. Additionally, our results indicate that both aspects
      of disordered thinking are present in schizophrenic and manic patients; neither
      is specifically characteristic of schizophrenia. Indeed, disordered thought
      structure appears to be more common or worse in the manic patient than in the
      schizophrenic patient.

PMID- 3865246
TI  - A modified dexamethasone suppression test for endogenous depression.
AB  - In order to simplify the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), we have
      administered a lower dosage of dexamethasone (DEX) and shortened the sampling
      time to a single morning blood sample. DEX (in dosage increments from 0.125 to
      1.0 mg, p.o.) was administered at 2300 h to normal volunteers in a double-blind
      randomized fashion, and blood samples were taken at 0700 h the following morning.
      While significant cortisol suppression occurred after the 0.375 mg, 0.5 mg, and
      1.0 mg doses of DEX, the 0.5 mg dose was the smallest that clearly suppressed
      cortisol in all eight subjects. This dose then was used to test the feedback
      sensitivity of the central nervous system (CNS)-pituitary-adrenal axis in
      endogenously depressed patients. Twenty endogenously depressed patients and 20
      normal volunteers were given both the standard 1.0 mg DST, with post-DEX serum
      cortisol determined at 1500 h, and the simplified 0.5 mg DST, with post-DEX serum
      cortisol determined at 0700 h. Four patients (20%) and one control (5%) were
      nonsuppressors after the 1.0 mg DST, and nine patients (45%) and one control (5%)
      were nonsuppressors after the 0.5 mg DST. In addition, nine patients with major
      depression (nonendogenous subtype) and 15 patients with panic attacks also were
      studied using the 0.5 mg DST. Only 2 of these 24 patients (8%) were
      nonsuppressors. The results suggest that the single-sample 0.5 mg DST is more
      sensitive than the standard 1.0 mg DST, and the specificity of the modified test
      appears comparable to the standard form of the test.

PMID- 3865248
TI  - Sleep and circadian rhythms in affective patients isolated from external time
      cues.
AB  - Sleep electroencephalographic activity, circadian rhythms in motor activity and
      rectal temperature, and clinical state were monitored longitudinally in four
      affectively ill patients (two depressed, one manic, and one rapidly cycling
      between depression and mania) who lived in isolation from external time cues
      (zeitgebers) for 3 to 4 weeks. In these conditions it was possible to observe the
      intrinsic or free-running behavior of circadian pacemakers and thereby to test
      several hypotheses about the role of sleep and circadian rhythms in the
      pathogenesis of depression. No hypothesis was consistently supported by the
      results. We found that the intrinsic rhythm of a circadian pacemaker appeared to
      free-run with an abnormally fast frequency in one patient. No patient remained
      stably depressed during temporal isolation. Our experience suggests that this
      type of study can be carried out safely with appropriate precautions. Temporal
      isolation is a means to test decisively predictions of several chronobiological
      hypotheses about affective illness and should be applied to additional patients.

PMID- 3865249
TI  - The effect of weight loss and inappropriate plasma dexamethasone levels on the
      DST.
AB  - Recent studies from different research groups have raised fundamental questions
      about the postulated specificity of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) for
      endogenous depression. Findings in 116 psychiatric inpatients and 24 semi-starved
      healthy volunteers underline the importance of weight loss as a factor affecting
      DST results. A study of 160 DSTs in 93 psychiatric inpatients further revealed a
      significant negative correlation of plasma cortisol and plasma dexamethasone
      levels 10 hours after oral administration of 1 mg of dexamethasone. These results
      suggest a decisive effect of the pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone, at least on
      the 1-mg DST.

PMID- 3865250
TI  - Dexamethasone increases plasma HVA but not MHPG in normal humans.
AB  - Several recent studies in animals and man indicate that corticosteroids may alter
      catecholaminergic activity in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. We
      administered 1 mg of the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, to 12 drug-free
      healthy volunteers and measured plasma homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3-methoxy-4
      hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG). Dexamethasone was administered at 11 p.m. and blood
      was collected at 4 p.m. on the preceding and subsequent days. Dexamethasone
      administration resulted in a significant increase in plasma HVA but did not
      consistently affect MHPG. All subjects showed a suppression of serum cortisol to
      values less than 5 micrograms/dl while prolactin levels were unaltered. In an
      additional group of nine volunteers, we administered 2 mg of dexamethasone and
      observed a similar increase in plasma HVA without change in plasma MHPG,
      indicating a selective effect on dopamine metabolism. Implications of these
      findings for an understanding of the neurochemical and behavioral changes seen
      with steroid administration and in explaining previous results on plasma MHPG/HVA
      ratios in delusional depression are discussed.

PMID- 3865251
TI  - Depression in bulimia at 2- to 5-year followup.
AB  - Previous research has indicated a strong association between bulimia and
      affective disorder at the time of initial clinical assessment. To investigate
      this relationship from a long-term perspective, 30 normal weight female bulimics
      were evaluated 2 to 5 years posthospital admission with psychometric measures and
      clinical interviews. Contrary to previous reports, the depression scores of the
      bulimics were surprisingly low, even though 26 of the 30 continued to fulfill DSM
      III criteria for bulimia. Higher depression scores were associated with more
      intense bulimic symptomatology and attitudes, and greater psychiatric disturbance
      at followup. Although these data demonstrate a relationship between bulimic
      symptomatology and depression at long-term followup, they do not support recent
      assertions that bulimia is a variant of an underlying affective disorder.

PMID- 3865252
TI  - An empirical study on the "cathartic effect" of attempted suicide.
AB  - A cathartic effect of attempted suicide has been suggested, but few data are
      available to validate the concept. In this study we report on the relation
      between presuicidal and postsuicidal mood conditions in a group of 25
      hospitalized suicide attempters and 50 control patients who were depressed but
      not suicidal. A significant decrease in depression was demonstrated to occur in
      the suicidal patients within a few days of hospitalization. This was not the case
      in depressed patients without prior suicide attempts. The drop in depression
      ratings can, therefore, be attributed to the suicide attempt. Possible
      explanatory factors are discussed. These findings indicate that the diagnosis of
      a suicide attempt in the absence of depression can only be reliably made on the
      basis of data pertaining to the presuicidal mood condition.

PMID- 3865253
TI  - Lower 3H-imipramine binding in platelets from untreated depressed patients
      compared to healthy controls.
AB  - 3H-Imipramine binding in platelets was measured in 63 severely depressed
      hospitalized patients, who had been drug free (with the exception of moderate
      doses of benzodiazepines) for at least 1 month, and in 53 healthy control
      subjects of comparable age and sex distribution. Bmax of 3H-imipramine binding
      was significantly lower in the depressed subjects (1012 +/- SD 295 vs. 1123 +/-
      SD 178 fmole/mg protein). Depressed patients who had attempted suicide by violent
      means tended to have higher Bmax than nonviolent attempters.

PMID- 3865254
TI  - Variation in human platelet 3H-imipramine binding.
AB  - Platelet 3H-imipramine binding values from 45 normal controls and 20 depressed
      subjects were collected over a 2-year period. During this time, wide inter
      individual variations in the affinity constant (Kd) and maximal number of binding
      sites (Bmax) were observed in the control population; however, we failed to
      observe a seasonal change in platelet 3H-imipramine binding. The Kd and Bmax
      values of depressed subjects were not significantly different from those of
      controls.

PMID- 3865255
TI  - The efficiency of ECT: II. Correlation of specific treatment variables to
      response rate in unilateral ECT.
AB  - Determining the most efficient use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for
      treating depression hinges on defining the crucial variable(s) related to the
      maximal efficacy of an individual seizure. In this study, we examined the
      relationships of several treatment variables to antidepressant effect of 109
      individual unilaterally induced seizures. The seizures occurred during the
      maximal response phase of 39 courses of ECT judged to have been effective. The
      patients were divided according to whether or not they were receiving
      antidepressants during ECT. The variables were treatment number, seizure length,
      and type of seizure end point. In the total group, earlier treatments were
      significantly related to antidepressant effect. Seizure length and type of
      seizure end point appeared to be of little consequence. Further studies of ECT
      should focus particularly on the effects of the first treatment in order to
      define optimal ECT efficiency.

PMID- 3865256
TI  - On the explanation of short REM latencies in depression.
AB  - Sleep in depression is characterized by the occurrence of episodes of rapid eye
      movement (REM) sleep at sleep onset. The empirical foundations of three
      hypotheses about the origin of this phenomenon are examined: A circadian rhythm
      hypothesis stating that sleep onset REM episodes (SOREMs) are the result of an
      abnormal phase-position of the REM sleep production cycle. A REM sleep-slow wave
      sleep interaction hypothesis that attributes SOREMs to a low non-REM sleep
      propensity. A circadian amplitude hypothesis, in which a flattening of the
      circadian arousal cycle is thought to be causally related to SOREMs. None of the
      hypotheses are found to be supported by firm empirical evidence.

PMID- 3865257
TI  - Further evidence on the doubtful validity of generalized anxiety disorder.

PMID- 3865258
TI  - Apomorphine has no effect on plasma homovanillic acid in schizophrenic patients.
AB  - Previous experiments suggest that pharmacological perturbations of the brain
      dopaminergic system may be reflected by concentrations of plasma homovanillic
      acid. This study examined the ability of low-dose apomorphine to reduce plasma
      homovanillic acid concentrations in schizophrenic patients chronically treated
      with neuroleptics. The data suggest that apomorphine does not reduce plasma
      homovanillic acid in those patients.

PMID- 3865259
TI  - A review of superelastic and thermodynamic nitinol wire.

PMID- 3865260
TI  - Traditional dentistry versus retail dentistry: a sociological pilot study of the
      dental profession.

PMID- 3865261
TI  - Markers of the malignant glial phenotype.

PMID- 3865263
TI  - A method for sharpening dental chisels.

PMID- 3865262
TI  - [Evolution of biological nitrogen fixation].

PMID- 3865264
TI  - Bleaching discoloured endodontically treated teeth.

PMID- 3865265
TI  - [Occlusal relations. 11. Propulsion and its occlusal impact].

PMID- 3865266
TI  - [Occlusal relations. 12. 5. Discussion].

PMID- 3865267
TI  - [Sweet's syndrome associated with chronic myeloid leukosis in the proliferative
      phase].

PMID- 3865268
TI  - [Physiopathological heterogeneity of peptic ulcer: approach to the identification
      of groups of duodenal ulcer patients].

PMID- 3865269
TI  - [Biohumeral markers in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma].

PMID- 3865270
TI  - Gilles de la Tourette disease in multiply disabled children.

PMID- 3865271
TI  - Prostaglandin F2 alpha and prolactin in experimental hypogalactia in sows.
AB  - Peripheral plasma concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin
      F2alpha(PGFM), progesterone, prolactin and oestrone were determined in 20 sows
      for two days before and three weeks after parturition. Groups of four sows each
      received one of the following five treatments post partum: 30 ml sterile 0.9 per
      cent saline solution intrauterinely; ovariectomy and 30 ml saline solution
      intrauterinely; 10 ml Lugol's iodine plus 20 ml saline solution intrauterinely;
      ovariectomy and 10 ml Lugol's iodine plus 20 ml saline solution intrauterinely,
      or progesterone (0.5 mg [kg bodyweight]-1 intramuscularly). Saline solution and
      iodine were administered every 48 hours, starting immediately after parturition,
      for one week. Ovariectomy was performed within eight hours of delivery.
      Progesterone was given every third day for 12 days. Piglet weight gains were used
      as a reflection of milk yield. In all sows, oestrone values were elevated before
      parturition, but fell by the end of delivery and were very low during lactation.
      PGFM concentrations rose during the last two days of pregnancy to reach maximal
      values at the time of delivery. Plasma progesterone levels declined concomitantly
      with the rise in PGFM values before parturition. Basal values of progesterone
      were achieved within 24 hours after delivery in control sows receiving saline
      treatment. Progesterone values fell immediately after ovariectomy in sows
      receiving saline or iodine treatment but were slightly elevated for one week in
      sows that received only intrauterine iodine treatment, suggesting that complete
      regression of corpora lutea is prevented by suppression of post parturient
      uterine prostaglandin production. Sows injected with progesterone maintained
      plasma values of about 5 to 15 nmol litre-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3865272
TI  - [Psychological studies on the family environment of children dental patients. 1.
      Agreement or disagreement in parental child-rearing attitudes].

PMID- 3865273
TI  - [Use of the Salivaster salivary occult blood test for the screening of gingivitis
      in elementary school children and junior high school students].

PMID- 3865274
TI  - [Psychological studies on the family environment of children dental patients. 2.
      Birth order and personality traits of the children].

PMID- 3865275
TI  - [The canine gubernacular foramen in crab-eating monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)].

PMID- 3865276
TI  - [Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme in pig dental pulp].

PMID- 3865277
TI  - [Dental caries prevalence in Japanese children in a dental health program: 10
      year results].

PMID- 3865278
TI  - [Effect of a bacteriocin-producing Streptococcus mutans strain on infection and
      establishment of S. mutans].

PMID- 3865279
TI  - [A determination of fatty acid in infant saliva: comparison with adult saliva].

PMID- 3865280
TI  - [Caries susceptibility in mice of different strains infected with Streptococcus
      mutans].

PMID- 3865281
TI  - [A case of macrodens].

PMID- 3865282
TI  - [A case of an impacted mandibular 1st molar with malformation of the roots].

PMID- 3865283
TI  - [Dental characteristics of a patient with I-cell disease (mucolipidosis II)].

PMID- 3865284
TI  - [Antioxidative functions of flavonols--protective effects on the photosensitized
      hemolysis of human erythrocytes].

PMID- 3865285
TI  - [Clinical and radiographical studies of root canal therapy in permanent teeth
      with incompletely formed roots].

PMID- 3865286
TI  - [Bone healing process of deciduous tooth extraction sockets].

PMID- 3865287
TI  - [Caries-inducing activity of a maltitol-rich sweetener in the experimental dental
      caries of rats].

PMID- 3865288
TI  - [Primary tooth color. I. Chromatic measurement using a color and color difference
      meter 1001 DP].

PMID- 3865289
TI  - [Occlusal development from the functional viewpoint in children (3). Amount of
      action of the masticatory muscles on groups IIA to IIIC using Hellman's dental
      stage in children with normal occlusion].

PMID- 3865290
TI  - [The most effective toothbrushing force for children].

PMID- 3865291
TI  - [An epidemiological study of TMJ dysfunction syndrome in adolescents--prevalence
      and distribution of the symptoms of TMJ dysfunction syndrome].

PMID- 3865292
TI  - [The relation between changes in ingredients and radiopaqueness of a calcium
      hydroxide root canal filling material containing silicone, implanted
      subcutaneously in the back of rats].

PMID- 3865293
TI  - [Dental health study of 1 1/2-year-old children. 3: Changes in the oral
      conditions of children from 1 1/2 years of age to to 3 years of age].

PMID- 3865294
TI  - [Electromyographic evaluation of the effect of occlusal equilibration in children
      with occlusal interferences].

PMID- 3865296
TI  - [An electron microscopic study of the dendritic cells in the gingival epithelium
      of children].

PMID- 3865295
TI  - [A comparison of 4 methods of predicting lower canine and premolar width in the
      mixed dentition].

PMID- 3865297
TI  - [Development of the masticatory system in dogs during weaning].

PMID- 3865299
TI  - [Dental health studies of children 1 1/2-years-old. 4: Changes in living
      conditions after dental health examination].

PMID- 3865298
TI  - [Experimental studies on the biocompatibility of deciduous crowns, the distal
      shoe and rat subcutaneous tissues].

PMID- 3865300
TI  - [The silent period in TMJ dysfunction syndrome in adolescents before and after
      treatment].

PMID- 3865301
TI  - [An electromyographic study of the recovery of masticatory ability during the
      wearing of dentures by children (Removable Space Maintainer].

PMID- 3865302
TI  - [The dental health survey of 1 1/2-year-old children--the relation between
      environmental factors in the prenatal and postnatal periods and the eruption of
      deciduous teeth].

PMID- 3865304
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy observations of crestal pits on human permanent
      molars].

PMID- 3865303
TI  - [Emotional reactions to the stimuli of dental pain].

PMID- 3865305
TI  - [Effect of the restrainer in dental treatment on the mental development of
      children--a study using the Color Pyramid Test (CPT)].

PMID- 3865306
TI  - [A case of hemihypertrophy--with special reference to cephalometric analyses over
      6 years].

PMID- 3865307
TI  - [Root resorption of the lateral maxillary incisors due to the ectopic eruption of
      maxillary canines].

PMID- 3865308
TI  - [A stabilization method for traumatized primary teeth using fiber-glass and
      orthomite super-bond].

PMID- 3865309
TI  - [A case report of bilaterally submerged maxillary deciduous 1st molars].

PMID- 3865310
TI  - [A case of fusion of a mandibular right central incisor and lateral incisor and
      its treatment].

PMID- 3865311
TI  - [A case of inverted impaction of the maxillary left central deciduous incisor].

PMID- 3865312
TI  - [Starting artificial ventilation].

PMID- 3865314
TI  - [Principles of respirators].

PMID- 3865313
TI  - [Sterilization and maintenance of respirators].

PMID- 3865315
TI  - [The biomedical researcher's point of view of the rat as an experimental model in
      orthodontics].

PMID- 3865317
TI  - [Letter to a provincial cousin, and his reply].

PMID- 3865316
TI  - [Nasal obstruction and mouth breathing. The otorhinolaryngological point of
      view].

PMID- 3865319
TI  - [Birth of the nose].

PMID- 3865318
TI  - [Which is at risk: the bone or the tooth?].

PMID- 3865320
TI  - [Radiographic examination of the nose, the nasal fossae and the sinuses].

PMID- 3865321
TI  - [The nose and personality].

PMID- 3865322
TI  - [The limits of the mandibular dentition].

PMID- 3865323
TI  - [Anchorage and cephalometry in edgewise therapy].

PMID- 3865324
TI  - [Anchorage and edgewise therapy].

PMID- 3865325
TI  - [Control of anchorage in the antero-posterior and vertical planes in edgewise
      technics].

PMID- 3865326
TI  - [Orthodontics. Cephalometry. Surgery].

PMID- 3865327
TI  - [A problem of dis-impaction].

PMID- 3865328
TI  - [Fabrication of thermoformed monoblocs].

PMID- 3865329
TI  - Tips on dental laboratory photography--for the non-photographer.

PMID- 3865330
TI  - CDT today: who does what?

PMID- 3865331
TI  - A simple man's approach to marketing!

PMID- 3865332
TI  - A method to teach tooth carving: the template technique.

PMID- 3865333
TI  - Case record: Rhode Island Hospital.

PMID- 3865334
TI  - Serum iron studies compared to bone marrow iron in patients with pernicious
      anemia.

PMID- 3865336
TI  - Controversies in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 3865335
TI  - Pediatric ethic rounds: an evaluation.

PMID- 3865337
TI  - Case record: Rhode Island Hospital.

PMID- 3865338
TI  - Indications for CT scanning in benign head trauma.

PMID- 3865339
TI  - IgD myeloma with plasma cell leukemia.

PMID- 3865340
TI  - Lack of HLA-antigen association in Greek rheumatoid arthritis patients.
AB  - One hundred and eighteen unrelated Greek patients with classic rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA) were tissue-typed for HLA-A, -B, -DR antigens and the frequency
      was compared to that of healthy controls. Greek RA patients regardless of sex,
      anatomical severity, seropositivity and age at disease onset are not associated
      with any of the HLA alloantigens tested. Only an increased prevalence, not
      statistically significant, was observed of the HLA-DR5 antigen in the Ro (SSA)
      positive RA group.

PMID- 3865341
TI  - [Dental malpractice (3). Case reports].

PMID- 3865342
TI  - [Surgical management in clinical dentistry (7). Management of oral injuries].

PMID- 3865343
TI  - [Use of personal computers in the dental office].

PMID- 3865344
TI  - A novel route for the biosynthesis of cholestanol, and its significance for the
      pathogenesis of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis.
AB  - The main symptoms in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) are caused by increased
      synthesis of cholestanol (5 alpha-cholestan-3 beta-ol) and depositions of this
      steroid in brain and xanthomas. Previously, we have shown a deficiency in CTX of
      the mitochondrial C27-steroid 26-hydroxylase essential for normal degradation of
      the cholesterol side chain. Because of this defect, different 7 alpha
      hydroxylated substrates for the 26-hydroxylase accumulate in the liver - among
      these 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one. The possibility that such accumulated 7
      alpha-hydroxylated bile acid precursors can be converted into cholestanol was
      studied by administration of labelled 7 alpha-hydroxy-cholesterol to bile fistula
      rats and to a patient with CTX. Label was incorporated into cholestanol in the
      rats as well as in the CTX-patient. The quantitative significance of this 7 alpha
      hydroxylation/dehydroxylation route for the biosynthesis of cholestanol was
      examined by administering a mixture of 7 alpha-3H and 4-14C-labeled cholesterol
      to rats, rabbits and a human volunteer. In all species, about 25% of 3H was lost
      during the conversion of cholesterol to cholestanol. In a patient with CTX, the
      flow through the 7 alpha-hydroxylation/dehydroxylation route was greatly
      increased, since 75% of 3H present in the precursor (cholesterol) had been
      removed in cholestanol isolated from bile, serum and faeces. Experiments with
      germfree rats and bile fistula rats indicate that the 7 alpha-dehydroxylation
      mainly occurs in the liver. The microsomal fraction of rat liver was found to 7
      alpha-dehydroxylate 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one at a slow rate.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3865345
TI  - Role of peroxisomes in the biosynthesis of bile acids.
AB  - Evidence is presented that peroxisomes are more important than other subcellular
      fractions in rat liver for the final reactions in the biosynthesis of cholic acid
      from cholesterol. The peroxisomal conversion of 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha
      trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid (THCA) into cholic acid was studied in detail
      and optimal assay conditions were defined. It was shown that the reaction
      involves intermediary formation of 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 24-tetrahydroxy-5
      beta-cholestanoic acid and that ATP, CoA, Mg++, NAD+ and FAD are necessary. With
      use of 18O2 and 2H2O it was further shown that the introduction of the 24
      hydroxyl group in 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 24 alpha-tetrahydroxy-5 beta
      cholestanoic acid is the combined result of a desaturase and a hydratase. The
      reaction mechanism is thus analogous to that for beta-oxidation of fatty acids.
      The role of peroxisomes under conditions in vivo was studied in three patients
      with the rare inborn cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome of Zellweger. Apparently
      infants with this fatal disease have a complete lack of peroxisomes in the liver
      and kidneys. The patients were found to accumulate THCA and various polar
      metabolites of THCA in serum and bile. Administration of two 3H-labelled C27
      precursors to bile acids (5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-triol and
      7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one) resulted in a rapid conversion into THCA and a
      subsequent slow conversion into cholic acid. Administration of 3H-labelled THCA
      resulted in a slow conversion into cholic acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3865346
TI  - Human gamma-trace. Structure, function and clinical use of concentration
      measurements.
AB  - The discovery, tissue distribution, concentration in extracellular fluids and
      structure of human gamma-trace are reported. The use of determinations of the
      cerebrospinal fluid concentration of gamma-trace in the diagnosis of hereditary
      cerebral hemorrhage with gamma-trace-amyloidosis is described. The physiological
      function of gamma-trace as a cysteine proteinase inhibitor is accounted for an it
      is suggested that the six trivial names used for gamma-trace so far are replaced
      by the functional designation cystatin C.

PMID- 3865347
TI  - Pathogenesis and treatment of anaerobic infections. A symposium held in Bergen,
      Norway, June 21, 1984.

PMID- 3865348
TI  - Treatment of orofacial infections of odontogenic origin.
AB  - Acute purulent orofacial infections are often of odontogenic origin. The
      microorganisms and the anatomical site involved, largely determine the clinical
      manifestations. The infections are usually self-limiting but serious
      complications may ensue. Direct invasion of different anatomical spaces may cause
      mediastinitis, airway obstruction and also intracranial spread. Anaerobic
      bacteria belonging to the normal oropharyngeal flora (anaerobic cocci,
      bacteroides and fusobacteria) are usually isolated from orofacial abscesses.
      Surgical treatment including incision and drainage is essential. The drug of
      choice for antimicrobial therapy is penicillin. Penicillin resistant anaerobic
      bacteria may however make penicillin ineffective and antimicrobial agents such as
      metronidazole or clindamycin are then recommended to be used.

PMID- 3865349
TI  - The therapeutic use of antimicrobial agents in patients with periodontal disease.
AB  - Periodontal disease is the collective term given to a variety of inflammatory
      conditions in the tissue that supports and secures the teeth to the jawbone. The
      inflammatory response is to bacterial products and/or bacteria that enter the
      tissue from the dental plaque. The dental plaque is a complex microbial community
      containing over 190 different taxa that exist on the tooth surfaces. In
      periodontitis the majority of the plaque bacteria are anaerobes including the
      black pigmented bacteroides species and motile forms such as spirochetes. This
      suggested that a systemic antimicrobial specific for anaerobes might be of value
      in the treatment of periodontitis. Two double blind studies are reviewed which
      indicate that metronidazole plus mechanical debridement of the root surfaces is
      significantly better than placebo plus mechanical debridement in the treatment of
      advanced cases of periodontitis especially when the periodontal pockets are 6 mm
      or more in depth.

PMID- 3865350
TI  - Encapsulation and protection against phagocytosis by Bacteroides fragilis.
AB  - The capsular polysaccharide of Bacteroides fragilis is most probably an important
      virulence factor as shown by its ability to protect against phagocytosis in in
      vitro studies, and by its abscess-promoting ability in experimental in vivo
      studies. Immunity against the capsular polysaccharide, either in the form of
      humoral antibodies or as cell-mediated immunity, can facilitate phagocytosis or
      prevent abscess formation. The capsular polysaccharides in two reference strains
      examined so far are complex in structure, and seem to be strain specific. The B.
      fragilis lipopolysaccharide has a relatively low endotoxic activity when compared
      to lipopolysaccharides from bacteria belonging to Enterobacteriaceae.
      Structurally the B. fragilis lipopolysaccharide has a relatively low molecular
      weight, and short polysaccharide chains similar to those found in
      lipopolysaccharides from rough mutants of Enterobacteriaceae or from capsulated
      bacteria such as Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID- 3865351
TI  - Adhesion of anaerobic gram-negative bacteria to mucosal surfaces.
AB  - Fusobacterium nucleatum and black-pigmented Bacteroides species adhere to red
      blood cells and crevicular epithelium. The attachment of the bacteroides, but not
      F. nucleatum, is associated with the presence of fimbriae-like structures on the
      bacterial surface. Such structures have been observed also in unencapsulated
      Bacteroides fragilis able to adhere to human red cells and cheek epithelium.
      Encapsulated B. fragilis adheres to porcine brush borders, but the number of
      adhering cells per brush border fragment is low.

PMID- 3865352
TI  - Antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetics of nitroimidazoles. A review.
AB  - The antibacterial activity of metronidazole and tinidazole are comparable. The
      former is subject to biotransformation with the production of both hydroxy
      metronidazole and acetylmetronidazole. The hydroxylated moiety has an
      antibacterial activity and may act either synergistically or additively in
      combination with metronidazole, thus enhancing the therapeutic activity of the
      latter. Metronidazole and tinidazole may be given both orally and parenterally.
      The bioavailability of oral doses of metronidazole is 88-95%, that of tinidazole
      90%. Rectal suppositories have a bioavailability of 60-70%. The serum half-life
      of metronidazole is 6-10 hours, that of hydroxy-metronidazole 9.5-19 hours, and
      that of tinidazole 9-14 hours. The half-life may be longer in patients who have
      undergone colorectal surgery. Renal failure enhances the elimination of hydroxy
      metronidazole and acetyl-metronidazole, whereas the consequences for unchanged
      metronidazole are negligible. The effect of reduced renal function on tinidazole
      is unclear. The extravascular penetration of metronidazole and tinidazole are
      similar. A single prophylactic intravenous dose of 1500 mg of either drug causes
      prolonged antibacterial effects which would last 36-48 hours for both drugs.

PMID- 3865353
TI  - Safety of nitroimidazoles.
AB  - The nitroimidazoles used in the treatment of anaerobic infection are well
      tolerated by patients. With the possible exception of neurotoxic effects
      associated with high dosage, signs and symptoms of toxicity are transient and
      disappear soon after withdrawal of treatment. Teratogenicity tests in animals
      have given negative results in the case of metronidazole, ornidazole and
      tinidazole, and in the case of metronidazole no evidence of any adverse effect on
      the outcome of pregnancy was seen in women treated for trichomoniasis at various
      times during gestation, including the first trimester. The observed low general
      toxicity of nitroimidazoles is consistent with the non-occurrence of
      nitroreduction, as is the absence of chromosomal aberration in the circulating
      lymphocytes of patients receiving prolonged metronidazole therapy for Crohn's
      disease. Carcinogenicity tests involving the prolonged exposure of rats, mice and
      hamsters to a range of doses of metronidazole have given mixed results. In
      response to high doses, mice exhibited an increased risk of developing lung
      tumours, and female rats developed more liver tumours than controls. However,
      these effects may have been non-specific consequences of prolonged high dosage.
      No excesses of tumours were seen in response to lower doses and two tests in
      hamsters gave negative results. A follow-up of 771 women treated, 10 or more
      years previously, with metronidazole revealed no excess cancer risk. Thus the
      available information suggests that metronidazole, tinidazole and other 5
      nitroimidazoles effective against anaerobic microorganisms are very safe both in
      the short-term and in the long-term.

PMID- 3865354
TI  - Concepts of anaerobic infection in relation to prevention and management.
AB  - Concepts of anaerobic infection are reviewed in relation to the management of
      wounds that might be contaminated by facultative or anaerobic organisms or
      mixtures of these. Considerations of post-operative wound infections oblige us to
      consider the indications for per-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis and to bear
      in mind the role of anaerobes and the possibility of pathogenic synergy in these
      situations. Pathogenic associations of anaerobes with other organisms are further
      considered in relation to periodontal disease and anaerobic vaginosis. The
      various roles of anaerobes in enteropathogenic conditions are briefly considered.
      There is a continuing obligation on clinical bacteriologists and clinicians to
      work together towards the more effective prevention and management of infections
      that may or may not have a significant anaerobic component.

PMID- 3865355
TI  - Treatment of anaerobic infections: an overview.
AB  - Increasing resistance on the part of anaerobes to several antimicrobial agents
      has been a problem in recent years. Mechanisms of resistance include production
      of inactivating enzymes such as beta-lactamases, plasmid-mediated transferable
      resistance and failure of the drug to penetrate the bacterial cell. Fortunately,
      availability of several new agents permits us to treat anaerobic infections
      effectively. However, it is now desirable to do routine in vitro susceptibility
      testing of anaerobes, especially in seriously ill patients. Newly introduced
      drugs and others still undergoing study are compared with the standard agents.

PMID- 3865356
TI  - Treatment of anaerobic septicemia.
AB  - Septicemia caused by anaerobic bacteria is indistinguishable from septicemia
      caused by aerobic bacteria. High age, origin in the gastrointestinal or
      genitourinary tract, malignancies and surgery or invasive, diagnostic procedures
      are indicative of anaerobic etiology. Between 5% and 15% of all septicemias are
      anaerobic. Benzylpenicillin is active against most anaerobic bacteria, and
      nitroimidazoles, clindamycin and chloramphenicol are dependable drugs in the
      treatment of bacteroides septicemias. Surgical drainage and debridement are of
      major importance, and proper measures to prevent circulatory failure are
      mandatory. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may have a dramatic effect. The use of
      corticosteroids and endorphin antagonists is controversial. Exchange transfusions
      have been attempted, but further clinical trials are necessary to establish their
      place in the management of anaerobic septicemia.

PMID- 3865357
TI  - [Current conceptual aspects of the diagnosis of fibro-osseous lesions of the
      maxillofacial skeleton--III. Tumors with exclusive occurrence in the tooth
      bearing segments of the jaw (cementoblastoma, periodontoma)].

PMID- 3865358
TI  - [2 oral prophylaxis programs. Comparison between the city and the canton of
      Zurich].

PMID- 3865359
TI  - [Degenerative and inflammatory diseases of the temporomandibular joint].

PMID- 3865360
TI  - [The effect of the duration of toothbrushing on plaque reduction].

PMID- 3865361
TI  - [Root canal and periapical flora: a light and electron microscopy study].

PMID- 3865362
TI  - [Current status of endosseous implantology in dental medicine].

PMID- 3865363
TI  - [Wishes of prosthodontics vis-a-vis implantology].

PMID- 3865364
TI  - [Anatomical bases for implantology].

PMID- 3865365
TI  - [General surgical principles and complications in implantology].

PMID- 3865366
TI  - [Endosseous blade implants].

PMID- 3865367
TI  - [The educational obligation of the dentist from the forensic viewpoint].

PMID- 3865368
TI  - [The ability to act--the ability to suffer--medicine and the image of man].

PMID- 3865369
TI  - A transgenic mouse model of the chronic hepatitis B surface antigen carrier
      state.
AB  - In an attempt to establish a model of the healthy carrier state in hepatitis B
      virus (HBV) infections, transgenic mice expressing HBV genes were produced.
      Fertilized one-cell eggs were microinjected with subgenomic fragments of HBV DNA
      containing the coding regions for the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and pre-S and X
      antigens. Either the normal (HBV) or metallothionein promoters were used to
      obtain expression of the HBV genes. There was no evidence of viral replication or
      tissue pathology. The integrated HBV DNA sequences were inherited in a normal
      Mendelian fashion. Three of 16 transgenic mice expressed HBV-encoded gene
      products to which they were immunologically tolerant. Expression was not tissue
      specific and may be influenced by the genomic integration site and cellular
      factors. Both HBsAg and pre-S antigen were detectable within the cytoplasm of
      hepatocytes and renal tubular epithelial cells. High serum concentrations of
      HBsAg were detectable and the secreted product appeared authentic as judged by
      mean density, morphology, mean particle diameter, polypeptide composition, and
      antigenicity. The absence of tissue pathology in these immunologically tolerant
      animals supports the hypothesis that cellular injury under these conditions is
      not a direct consequence of expression of the pre-S or HBs regions of the HBV
      genome.

PMID- 3865370
TI  - Specific expression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in transgenic mice.
AB  - Two transgenic mice were obtained that contain in their chromosomes the complete
      hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome except for the core gene. These mice secrete
      particles of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in the serum. In one mouse, HBV DNA
      sequences that had integrated at two different sites were shown to segregate
      independently in the first filial generation (F1) and only one of the sequences
      allowed expression of the surface antigen. Among these animals the males produced
      five to ten times more HBsAg than the females. A 2.1-kilobase messenger RNA
      species comigrating with the major surface gene messenger RNA is expressed
      specifically in the liver in the two original mice. The results suggest that the
      HBV sequences introduced into the mice are able to confer a tissue-specific
      expression to the S gene. In addition, the HBV transgenic mice represent a new
      model for the chronic carrier state of hepatitis B virus infection.

PMID- 3865371
TI  - Identification of a transcriptional enhancer element upstream from the proto
      oncogene fos.
AB  - Sequences upstream from the proto-oncogene fos were shown to be essential for its
      transcription. Transient expression of the chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase
      (CAT) gene linked to upstream sequences of the fos gene including its promoter
      reveals that sequences located 64 to 404 base pairs 5' to the fos cap site
      contain a typical transcriptional enhancer. Moreover, these enhancer sequences,
      which are strikingly conserved between mouse and human fos genes, coincide with a
      deoxyribonuclease I-hypersensitive site in the chromatin. The expression of the
      fos-CAT fusion genes was stimulated only two to three times by the fos inducer 12
      0-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate. The fos enhancer does not appear to be tissue
      specific.

PMID- 3865372
TI  - Chlorambucil therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: clinical experience in 28 patients
      and literature review.
AB  - Our clinical experience in 28 patients receiving chlorambucil for rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA) and the reports on chlorambucil therapy are reviewed. Our study
      population and other reports generally represent patients with severe RA who had
      either failed to improve or developed significant toxicity during previous
      treatment with conventional slow acting anti-rheumatic drugs (SAARDs). Seventy
      two percent of patients had a significant clinical improvement during
      chlorambucil therapy and reports of complete remission are given, although the
      incidence of remission is unknown. Hematologic complications are often reported,
      but appeared more frequently in our experience than previously reported.
      Hematologic toxicity required that chlorambucil be discontinued in the majority
      of our cases. Two deaths from suspected drug induced malignancies are reported.
      Although chlorambucil appears to be effective in the control of active RA, the
      potential for drug induced toxicity and malignancies may outweigh the benefit of
      continued use of this experimental therapy in RA.

PMID- 3865373
TI  - [Experimental exposure of pulp in rat incisors and molars].

PMID- 3865374
TI  - [Ultrastructure of carious dentin, with special reference to crystal growth in
      the intertubular matrix].

PMID- 3865375
TI  - [Experimental studies of cartilage transplantation in the alveolar region of the
      mandible--fresh allo-, xeno-transplantation of cartilage and lyophilized allo-,
      xeno-transplantation of cartilage].

PMID- 3865376
TI  - [Changes in the vertical distance between the distal marginal ridge and the
      distal gingiva of the deciduous 2d molar in the early and late deciduous
      dentition].

PMID- 3865377
TI  - [Mothers' class at the Ichikawa Hospital--clinical observations on the awareness
      of the importance of oral hygiene].

PMID- 3865378
TI  - Case report 340: Well differentiated intraosseous osteosarcoma of the left femur.

PMID- 3865379
TI  - Depression of cardiac function by bisantrene.
AB  - Bisantrene is a newer anthracycline derivative currently being investigated in
      phase 2 trials. One presumed advantage of bisantrene is that it is purportedly
      free of cardiotoxic effects. However, bisantrene apparently precipitated
      congestive heart failure after a single intravenous infusion in a young boy,
      prompting our study of a second child who remained asymptomatic but had transient
      declines in cardiac function after receiving bisantrene. Since bisantrene may
      acutely depress myocardial contractile function, further investigation is
      necessary.

PMID- 3865380
TI  - Different genetic alterations underlie dual hypersensitivity of CHO mutant UV-1
      to DNA methylating and cross-linking agents.
AB  - CHO mutant UV-1, isolated on the basis of hypersensitivity to UV radiation (254
      nm), was further characterized with respect to sensitivity to classes of DNA
      damaging agents in a differential cytotoxicity (DC) assay. Compared to its
      parental strain, Gly- A, UV-1 was dramatically (10- to 100-fold) hypersensitive
      to both DNA methylating and cross-linking agents. In addition, UV-1 was
      moderately (two- to fourfold) hypersensitive to several other classes of
      mutagens. DNA isolated from UV-1 or Gly- A after exposure to 14C-labeled
      methylnitrosourea (MNU) contained similar amounts of label, thus ruling out
      differences in uptake or binding. Three phenotypic revertants of UV-1 were
      resistant to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and other methylating
      agents but retained hypersensitivity to cross-linking agents. Moreover, fusion of
      UV-1 with two different UV-sensitive CHO mutants also having hypersensitivity to
      cross-link and methylation damage produced hybrids resistant to mitomycin C (MMC)
      but not to methyl methane sulfonate (MMS). Since the methylation and cross-link
      sensitivities were uncoupled in both genetic tests, the complex phenotype of UV-1
      is likely due to more than one genetic alteration.

PMID- 3865381
TI  - Chromosomal distribution of genes coding for fast twitch skeletal muscle myosin
      light chains.
AB  - The mouse fast twitch skeletal muscle myosin light chains are encoded by a
      multigene family which comprises the gene coding for the myosin light chain 2
      (Myl2f), and the gene coding for both myosin light chains 1 and 3 (Myl1f/Myl3f).
      In addition, a Myl1f/Myl3f-related pseudogene is present in the domestic mouse
      Mus musculus. The members of this gene family were assigned to chromosomes by
      molecular hybridization, using DNA extracted from a panel of cloned mouse-Chinese
      hamster somatic hybrid cells and specific DNA probes. The genes coding for the
      light chains of the myosin molecule are dispersed on several chromosomes, while
      genes coding for the heavy chain of myosin are located on a single, different
      chromosome.

PMID- 3865382
TI  - Human cell variants resistant to rhodamine 6G.
AB  - Two variants have been isolated from the cultured human cell line VA2-B which are
      resistant in vivo to the mitochondrial-specific fluorescent dyes rhodamine 6G and
      rhodamine 123. Both mutants are cross-resistant to ethidium bromide but are
      sensitive to both colchicine and chloramphenicol. When either mutant is treated
      with low levels of rhodamine 6G, mitochondrial-associated fluorescence is
      significantly lower than in wild-type cells. Furthermore, when cell cultures are
      treated with high concentrations of either rhodamine 123 or 6G, and then washed
      free of the dye, mitochondrial-associated rhodamine fluorescence rapidly
      diminishes in the parental cell line. In hybrid cell fusions between resistant
      and sensitive cell lines, rhodamine resistance is gradually expressed, reaching
      maximal expression approximately 11 days after fusion. Cytoplasmic transmission
      of rhodamine resistance has not been clearly demonstrated in cytoplast-cell
      fusions, and thus resistance is probably due to a mutation of a nuclear, rather
      than mitochondrial DNA gene(s). These observations indicate that mitochondria of
      both rhodamine-resistant variants, unlike wild type, have a significantly
      decreased ability to bind and retain rhodamine, and thus their mitochondrial
      tramsmembrane electrical potential may be significantly reduced.

PMID- 3865383
TI  - Detection of species specific chromosomes in somatic cell hybrids.
AB  - We describe an in situ hybridization technique which allows rapid identification
      of species-specific chromosomes in somatic cell hybrid lines. Chromosome
      preparations from rodent-human hybrid lines are hybridized to biotinylated total
      human DNA which is subsequently detected by a series of immunocytochemical
      reactions which culminate in a peroxidase reaction visible by light microscopy.
      This technique not only allows identification of intact human chromosomes but
      also fragmented and rearranged human chromosomal segments. We have detected as
      little as 1 X 10(7) bp of human DNA inserted into a mouse chromosome using this
      procedure and estimate that the sensitivity of the technique would allow
      detection of sequences 5- to 10-fold smaller. The usefulness of the technique for
      screening hybrid cell gene mapping panels is discussed.

PMID- 3865384
TI  - Synthesis and incorporation of human ribosomal protein S14 into functional
      ribosomes in human-Chinese hamster cell hybrids containing human chromosome 5:
      human RPS14 gene is the structural gene for ribosomal protein S14.
AB  - In Chinese hamster ovary cells, mutations in the RPS14 gene (which was previously
      designated emtB) render cells resistant to normally cytotoxic concentrations of
      the protein synthesis inhibitor, emetine. Several lines of evidence indicate the
      RPS14 gene in Chinese hamster is the structural gene for ribosomal protein S14,
      including the finding that mutants with alterations in this gene produce an
      electrophoretically altered form of this protein. A human gene which complements
      the defect in CHO RPS14 mutants and renders them sensitive to emetine has
      previously been assigned to the long arm of chromosome 5. The analysis of
      ribosomal proteins extracted from CHO Emtr X human cell hybrids, which contain
      human chromosome 5 and are emetine sensitive, demonstrated the presence of both
      the normal human and altered hamster forms of ribosomal protein S14. Human
      chromosome 5, the emetine-sensitive phenotype, and the human form of ribosomal
      protein S14 segregate concordantly from hybrids, confirming that the human gene
      in question is the structural gene for this protein. In addition, the results
      indicate that in interspecific cell hybrids, the human form of S14 is either
      incorporated into functional ribosomes more efficiently than the altered hamster
      protein or the human gene is overexpressed relative to the corresponding hamster
      gene.

PMID- 3865385
TI  - Assignment of the gene encoding cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP)
      to Mus musculus chromosome 2.
AB  - The structural gene Pck-1, encoding cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
      (GTP) (PEPCK; EC 4.1.1.32), has been assigned to mouse chromosome 2. This
      assignment was made based on genomic Southern transfer of rat-mouse and hamster
      mouse hybrid DNAs using a rat kidney cloned cDNA of the PEPCK gene as a probe.
      Conclusive evidence for the cosegregation of the PEPCK gene with mouse chromosome
      2 was obtained using a monochromosomal microcell hybrid that selectively retained
      a Robertsonian translocation between mouse autosomes 2 and 8 and its back
      selected hybrid clone.

PMID- 3865386
TI  - [Craniocerebral computerized tomography in acute lymphatic leukemia].

PMID- 3865388
TI  - Measurement of scavenged nitrous oxide in the dental operatory.

PMID- 3865387
TI  - AIDS and related conditions--infection control. Guidelines for health care
      workers involved in patient management and investigation.
AB  - The aetiology, transmission, clinical spectrum, complicating opportunistic
      infections and neoplasias (such as Kaposi's sarcoma) and the diagnosis of
      acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are described. Precautions to be
      observed by health care workers with regard to the handling of patients with AIDS
      and AIDS-related conditions are detailed, as are instructions relating to the
      handling of blood, secretions, excretions and tissues for laboratory and health
      care workers. These include the use of protective clothing and sterilization of
      instruments, and the correct disposal of infected fomites, needles, syringes and
      other disposable hardware. The need for counselling patients infected with the
      AIDS virus is stressed.

PMID- 3865389
TI  - [Role of dentistry in medical science. 1].

PMID- 3865390
TI  - [Periodontal therapy using 3 treatment modalities--2].

PMID- 3865391
TI  - [New dental investments containing aluminum phosphates as a refractory material].

PMID- 3865392
TI  - [Morphological and functional changes in occlusal surfaces over 20 years].

PMID- 3865393
TI  - [Dental radiographic findings of the upper molar region and macroscopic findings
      of the root apexes during surgery].

PMID- 3865394
TI  - [Summary of changes in the dental education curriculum].

PMID- 3865395
TI  - [Lactation and ablactation periods].

PMID- 3865396
TI  - [Epidemiology of dental caries].

PMID- 3865397
TI  - [Inhibitory effect of tolperisone-HCI (Muscalm) on the reflex activity of the rat
      masticatory muscles].

PMID- 3865398
TI  - [Local anesthesia for tooth extraction. 4. Conduction anesthesia in the mandible
      (1)].

PMID- 3865399
TI  - [Local anesthesia for tooth extraction. 4. Conduction anesthesia in the mandible
      (1)].

PMID- 3865400
TI  - [Training children to have better snacking habits].

PMID- 3865401
TI  - [How to choose better snacks: training children at our clinic].

PMID- 3865402
TI  - [Training children to choose better snacks: proper judgment of sugar volume
      contained in snacks].

PMID- 3865403
TI  - [Training children to choose better snacks: evaluation].

PMID- 3865404
TI  - [Role of dentistry in medical science. 2].

PMID- 3865405
TI  - [Management of the soft tissues of unerupted teeth during orthodontic treatment-
      1].

PMID- 3865406
TI  - [Shape-memory alloys in dentistry].

PMID- 3865407
TI  - [Healthy management of interdental papilla--interproximal plaque control].

PMID- 3865408
TI  - [How to clean the base part of pontics].

PMID- 3865409
TI  - [One-card system of dental record taking].

PMID- 3865410
TI  - [Significance of preliminary postgraduate dental education].

PMID- 3865411
TI  - [Dental problems in puberty].

PMID- 3865412
TI  - [Clinical use of LMOX in oral surgery].

PMID- 3865413
TI  - [The management of the soft tissues of unerupted teeth during orthodontic therapy
      -2].

PMID- 3865414
TI  - [Structures of the gingival epithelium and periodontal diseases].

PMID- 3865415
TI  - [Changes over the years in overfilled gutta-percha points].

PMID- 3865417
TI  - [How to organize dental slides].

PMID- 3865416
TI  - [Practical tooth transplantation methods in everyday dental practice--1].

PMID- 3865418
TI  - [Simple methods of minor tooth movement].

PMID- 3865419
TI  - [Data recording on the panoramic photography].

PMID- 3865420
TI  - [Education immediately before and after graduation: a discussion].

PMID- 3865421
TI  - [Dental diseases in high school students].

PMID- 3865422
TI  - [Report on the oral health of the Simikot people in northwest Nepal. 1].

PMID- 3865423
TI  - [Present status and future prospects of dental education in the People's Republic
      of China].

PMID- 3865424
TI  - [The concept of marketing in dental practice].

PMID- 3865425
TI  - [Ticarcillin sodium in the field of orodental surgery].

PMID- 3865426
TI  - [Anatomy of the oral region necessary for tooth extraction].

PMID- 3865428
TI  - [How to prevent tooth root fractures--anterior teeth].

PMID- 3865427
TI  - [Split-root syndrome].

PMID- 3865429
TI  - [How to preserve fractured tooth roots].

PMID- 3865430
TI  - [Study of granulocyte-monocyte stem cells (CFU-GM) in vitro from peripheral blood
      and bone marrow in various phases of chronic myeloid leukemia].

PMID- 3865431
TI  - [Communication with patients on respirators].

PMID- 3865432
TI  - [The price of progress. An ethics council should supervise genetic research].

PMID- 3865433
TI  - [New and renewed methods for pain diagnosis in dental practice. Diagnostic
      methods for localization of pain foci in the alveolar process].

PMID- 3865434
TI  - [Denture hygiene. A clinical evaluation of prosthetic cleansing equipment used
      for dentures of hospitalized patients].

PMID- 3865435
TI  - [Effectiveness of plaque removal--toothbrush/chewing stick].

PMID- 3865436
TI  - [Hepatitis B. A vaccination project in community dentistry in Goteborg].

PMID- 3865437
TI  - [Immunity to hepatitis B in dental health care personnel--is there a need for
      vaccination?].

PMID- 3865438
TI  - [Good clinic hygiene is important].

PMID- 3865439
TI  - [A new acceptance program for alloys used in metal-ceramic restorations].

PMID- 3865440
TI  - [A saliva test for the determination of caries risk factors].

PMID- 3865442
TI  - [Panoramic radiography with sharper picture quality].

PMID- 3865441
TI  - [Cobalt-alloys in removable prosthetics].

PMID- 3865443
TI  - [Treatment of the edentulous mouth--an area of new possibilities].

PMID- 3865444
TI  - [Interproximal curette. A new instrument design for periodontal pockets].

PMID- 3865445
TI  - ["Oral galvanism"--a psychosomatic syndrome?].

PMID- 3865446
TI  - [Aphasia--a communication handicap].

PMID- 3865447
TI  - [Association of antigens of the histocompatibility system in A and B loci in
      systemic lupus erythematosus].
AB  - The typing of histocompatibility HLA-B and A antigens was made in 63 patients
      with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It was shown that the carriership of
      some histocompatibility antigens and association of definite antigens, in
      particular, increases the relative risk of the development of SLE. This was
      especially applicable to the following gene combinations: HLA-B-8/B12, HLA-B
      18/10, HIA-AII/AI/A3 and some others. Definite associations were revealed between
      carriership of some histocompatibility antigens and development of some
      manifestations of SLE.

PMID- 3865448
TI  - [Acetylation phenotype in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 3865449
TI  - Computerization of your practice. "When and how to make the choice".

PMID- 3865450
TI  - Practice advantage.

PMID- 3865451
TI  - Dentistry and the cleft palate patient in Texas.

PMID- 3865452
TI  - [The hidden disease that can threaten dental practices].

PMID- 3865453
TI  - Choosing the right collection agency and getting the most out of it.

PMID- 3865454
TI  - [Placental steroid sulfatase deficiency. Reduced estriol production].

PMID- 3865455
TI  - Three-locus haplotype interactions in the analysis of linkage disequilibrium.
AB  - We have shown that the application of Piazza's formula for the estimation of the
      "three-locus interaction delta" should not be used for that purpose. In addition,
      the method of Porta & McHugh, for the demonstration of haplotype interaction in
      associations between HLA and disease, leads to completely erroneous conclusions.
      Other methods of calculation that have been used to analyse haplotype
      interactions also appear to be based on erroneous concepts. We suggest that
      nothing more than the estimation of heterogeneity in simple 2 X 2 contingency
      tables should be used for the analysis of linkage disequilibria. This principle
      is applied to the HLA-A, -B and -C haplotype frequency tables of Baur & Danilovs.
      For the greater part of the HLA-B alleles, three-locus haplotype frequencies can
      be explained from the A, B and the B, C disequilibria, without any further
      haplotype interactions. The predominant exceptions in that respect are haplotypes
      containing the B44 allele, which has been shown to contain two subgroups and
      therefore, we are not justified to conclude that this exceptional behaviour of
      haplotypes with B44 should be attributed to three-locus haplotype interactions.

PMID- 3865456
TI  - Recognition of DP determinants with typing reagents prepared with lymphocytes
      from Dutch unrelated individuals.
AB  - In an attempt to make our own set of DP typing reagents, we used lymphocytes from
      12 unrelated donors, who were all HLA-A1,2; B7,8; DR2,3; DQW1,2. They all had
      been previously typed for DP using a reference set of well established reagents
      obtained from Dr. S. Shaw (NIH, Bethesda). Thirty-six promising responder
      stimulator combinations were primed in bulk MLC and tested for their specificity
      in secondary MLC. All reagents gave reaction patterns which were concordant with
      the sensitizing DP types, with the exception of those combinations where a donor
      was used in which DR2 appeared to be associated with a non-DW2 HLA-D type. Over
      1,200 reactions obtained with the new reagents were compared with those obtained
      with the established ones, in six different experiments. High correlation
      coefficients (r values) were found between the two kinds of reagents. The typings
      of a panel of individuals with the reference set and with our new typing set
      revealed an excellent agreement for DP assignments with the two sets, with the
      exception of the specificity DP4. The DP gene frequencies for random Dutch
      Caucasoids were defined.

PMID- 3865457
TI  - First class HLA factors (A,B,C,) in congenital hip joints dysplasia (CHJD).

PMID- 3865458
TI  - A metric analysis of the South African Caucasoid dentition.

PMID- 3865459
TI  - The dental manpower situation in South Africa.

PMID- 3865460
TI  - AIDS--the importance to the dentist.

PMID- 3865461
TI  - Radiological diagnosis XI. Simple bone cyst.

PMID- 3865462
TI  - Management of the myofascial pain dysfunction and temporomandibular joint
      syndrome patient.

PMID- 3865463
TI  - Psychological evaluation of the chronic M.P.D.S. patient.

PMID- 3865464
TI  - A stress management programme for chronic pain patients.

PMID- 3865465
TI  - [Method of cranial irradiation of children with leukemia].
AB  - By an irradiation of the neurocranium with doses from 12 to 30 Gy during the
      combined treatment of ALL in children, an essential reduction of the leukemic
      manifestation on the meninges as well as an improved curability have been
      achieved during the last few years. The precision of the irradiation technique is
      of vital importance, i.e. the occurrence of recurrences on the central nervous
      system during complete remission after skull irradiation are preponderantly due
      to a defective irradiation technique. The important factors are a daily
      reproducible positioning and fixation of the head in an irradiation mask and the
      adjustment within three dimensions by means of a laser light system. Only cobalt
      60 gamma radiation or the ultrahard photons of a linear accelerator with an
      energy of 4 to 6 MV should be applied. The irradiation is performed with
      laterally opposite, coplanar and coaxial fields in an isocentric adjustment. The
      field shape is regulated by individual absorbers adjusted under visual control in
      a defined position to the patient on a plexiglas plate at the therapy simulator.
      In order to guarantee an homogeneic dose also to the meninges situated at the
      field borders and to prevent a "geographic miss", the field borders should exceed
      the cranial calotte by 1 to 2 cm at the frontal, vertical and occipital side. At
      the base of the skull, special consideration must be given to a sufficient
      irradiation of the retrobulbar spaces, the frontal meninges situated in the
      region of the lamina cribrosa and the temporal meninges situated in the region of
      the deep inner cranial fossae. The dose specification is made in the central ray
      in the center of the skull. Generally single doses of 2 Gy and weekly doses of 10
      Gy are applied. The total dose depends on age, risk group, and treatment aim.
      Recent studies indicate that in case of simultaneous intrathecal administration
      of methotrexate, the single dose can be reduced from 1.8-2.0 Gy to 1.2-1.5 Gy and
      the total dose from 24 Gy to 18 Gy without any unfavorable effect on the rate of
      recurrences at the central nervous system and the survival rate. Within the scope
      of an aggressive combination therapy, this self-restraint of the radio
      therapeutist is of great importance with regard to acute and chronic
      complications in the brain and the growing skeleton.

PMID- 3865466
TI  - [Benign and malignant tumors of the thoracic skeleton after percutaneous
      radiotherapy of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas].
AB  - Disorders of the skeleton in the thoracic area after percutaneous irradiation of
      malignant lymphomas are relatively rare. The most common site for pathologic
      changes is the clavicula. Local overdosage and, in case of malignant alterations,
      an additional chemotherapy might be the reasons. Among our patients seven lesions
      occurred, three of them were malignant: two osteogenic sarcomas and one
      chondrosarcoma.

PMID- 3865467
TI  - Therapy of priapism in high counting myeloid leukemia--a combined oncological
      urological approach. Two case reports.
AB  - Two cases of leukemic priapism are described. Both patients underwent a combined
      oncological (antileukemic chemotherapy, cell depletion by leukapheresis) and
      urological (transglandular cavernosum-spongiosum shunt, heparin lavage of the
      corpora cavernosa) therapy. Cytologically necrobiotic tumor cells could be
      identified in the corpus cavernosum aspirates causing blood stasis in the corpora
      cavernosa initiating priapism. Only sufficient venous outflow by additional
      transglandular cavernosum-spongiosum shunt completed therapy, effected a rapid
      detumescence and led to subsequent ability of erection and coitus. This suggests
      the necessity of additive surgical treatment in every patient suffering from
      leukemia and priapism, if spontaneous detumescence under chemotherapy is not
      obvious.

PMID- 3865469
TI  - [A new strain of rat osteogenic sarcoma].
AB  - The report deals with a newly-developed strain of rat osteogenic sarcoma which
      has passed through 64 generations. The strain was obtained from rat primary
      osteogenic sarcoma induced by 32P treatment. It may be used in testing
      chemotherapeutic preparations and new drugs for radionuclide diagnosis of tumors.

PMID- 3865468
TI  - [Hormonal function of adrenal glands and gonads in patients with leukemia].
AB  - The steroid hormone patterns were investigated in peripheral blood of healthy
      subjects and patients with chronic lympholeukemia, chronic myeloleukemia and
      acute leukemia. In all types of leukemia, the plasma levels of
      dehydroepiandrosterone were relatively lower, while testosterone concentration
      changes appeared to be sex-dependent: testosterone levels were lower in males and
      markedly higher in females.

PMID- 3865470
TI  - The future of health benefits.

PMID- 3865472
TI  - Direct reimbursement: an alternate system for employers to fund employees' dental
      benefits.

PMID- 3865471
TI  - Dental hygiene at WVU: a unique four year curriculum.

PMID- 3865473
TI  - Periocular basal cell carcinoma in young adults.

PMID- 3865474
TI  - [Vertical hepatitis B transmission in the Vienna area: epidemiologic and clinical
      studies].
AB  - This paper makes a summary on epidemiological and clinical experiences gained in
      Vienna since 1974 on the transmission of hepatitis B from mother to child
      (vertical hepatitis B transmission). 1. Hepatitis B and pregnancy: Whereas acute
      hepatitis B does not occur often in pregnant women, and HBs-antigen carrier
      status was found in 23 of 4,500 (0.52%) pregnant women examined prospectively.
      Three women were HBs-antigen positive, 18 were anti-HBe positive, and in no woman
      signs for an infection with delta-agent were found. These women are nearly always
      asymptomatic. About 2/3 have immigrated from the Balkans, Turkey and South-East
      Asia. While acute hepatitis B in the sense of an unspecific effect of the disease
      leads to an increased rate of premature births, neither a tendency to premature
      births nor to intrauterine dystrophia was found in HBs-antigen carriers--not even
      in infected children. 2. Frequency of vertical hepatitis B transmission:
      Prospectively, an infection of the children was found in three cases in
      pregnancies of 16 HBs-antigen carrier mothers. In mothers with positive HBe
      antigen the risk was higher than in those with positive anti-HBe. But the latter
      may not be considered to be non-infectious in general: In an examination carried
      out retrospectively, 6 of 8 mothers examined were anti-HBe positive. Anti-HBe
      positive mothers of Westeuropean origin may also infect their children. It is
      known from American investigations that pregnant women suffering from acute
      hepatitis B in the third trimester of pregnancy or six weeks after delivery
      infect their children with hepatitis B in 66 to 100% of cases. 3. Mode of
      infection: The fact that most children demonstrate serological signs of infection
      only two to four months after birth justifies the assumption that the majority of
      children is infected perinatally, i.e. by ingestion or inoculation of infectious
      secretions of the mother, possibly also by maternofetal transfusions. Postnatal
      and in particular intrauterine infections are exceptions. The human milk is
      probably only important as source of infection if it is contaminated by bleeding
      rhagades. 4. Course of the disease in infected children: The following course of
      disease was observed prospectively and retrospectively: subclinical infection,
      acute hepatitis B, fulminant hepatitis B (including two cases in siblings),
      asymptomatic carrier status, chronic persistent hepatitis B, chronic aggressive
      hepatitis B. The course of infection in the child seems to be influenced by the
      HBe-antigen status of the mother: In children of anti-HBe positive mothers HBs
      antigen elimination is a frequent occurrence during the course of
      infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3865475
TI  - Serum cholesterol binding reserve percentage in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Serum cholesterol binding reserve percentage (SCBR%) in patients with diabetes
      mellitus (22.17 +/- 13.40%) was significantly lower than in controls (40.93 +/-
      8.69%) (p less than 0.001). SCBR% of controls did not vary with age (age range 20
      80 years). SCBR% declined significantly with increasing duration of diabetes. It
      also decreased with macrovascular complications and was lowest in multiple/fatal
      complications further corroborating the value of SCBR% as a risk indicator of
      atherogenesis. The relationship of SCBR% with treatment was very striking. All
      adequately controlled patients had a significantly higher SCBR% than those who
      were poorly controlled regardless of treatment modality and those adequately
      controlled on insulin had the highest SCBR%, which was close to that of normal
      controls.

PMID- 3865477
TI  - Symposium: Anabolics in the '80's. Oss, The Netherlands, 12th-13th November 1984.

PMID- 3865476
TI  - Dissociation between kallikrein and aldosterone in Cushing's disease with
      periodic hormonogenesis.
AB  - It has been suggested that the renal kallikrein-kinin system is dependent on
      mineralocorticoid activity. This hypothesis was studied in a patient with cyclic
      Cushing's syndrome combined with cortisol suppressible, dexamethasone non
      suppressible ACTH secretion. The 24-h urinary excretions of sodium, potassium,
      cortisol, active and inactive kallikrein, aldosterone, and prostaglandin E2
      (PGE2) were studied during normal and excessive cortisol secretion and after
      bilateral adrenalectomy. Kallikrein, PGE2 and potassium rose during cortisol
      overproduction while aldosterone and sodium decreased. Kallikrein, PGE2 and
      potassium were positively related to cortisol excretion, whereas urinary
      aldosterone and sodium showed a negative relationship to cortisol. Kallikrein was
      inversely related to aldosterone. Excretion of inactive kallikrein followed
      closely the changes of active kallikrein. During cortisol excess, as in our
      patient, the mineralocorticoid activity of cortisol will exceed that of
      aldosterone. This suggests that the alterations in kallikrein, aldosterone and
      PGE2 during cortisol excess in the present study were due to the
      mineralocorticoid potency of the steroid.

PMID- 3865478
TI  - Pharmacokinetic parameters of nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) after intramuscular
      administration of nandrolone decanoate (Deca-Durabolin) to healthy volunteers.
AB  - Nandrolone decanoate (Deca-Durabolin) was injected intramuscularly into healthy
      volunteers. One group of females received one injection of 100 mg and three
      groups of males received one injection of 200 mg, two repeat injections of 100 mg
      or four repeat injections of 50 mg respectively. The serum levels of nandrolone
      (19-nortestosterone) were determined by radioimmunoassay and used to estimate
      pharmacokinetic parameters. The following pharmacokinetic parameters were found:
      a mean half-life of 6 days for the release of the ester from the muscular
      injection depot into the general circulation; a mean half-life of 4.3 h for the
      combined processes of hydrolysis of nandrolone decanoate and of distribution and
      elimination of nandrolone; a mean nandrolone serum clearance of 1.55 1 X h-1 X kg
      1. The half-life of hydrolysis of nandrolone decanoate in serum was of the order
      of one hour or less. The data are consistent with linear kinetics.

PMID- 3865479
TI  - Metabolism and receptor binding of nandrolone and testosterone under in vitro and
      in vivo conditions.
AB  - The metabolism and receptor binding of nandrolone (N) and testosterone (T) were
      studied under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The results of both in vitro
      incubation studes with 3H-N and 3H-T in tissue homogenates from rats and in vivo
      infusion studies with 3H-N and 3H-T in conscious rats show the importance of the
      enzymes 5 alpha-reductase and 3 alpha/beta-hydroxysteroid-oxidoreductases in the
      prostate and the importance of the enzyme 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in
      the kidney for the effects of N and T on these tissues. Following infusion of a
      combined dose of 3H-N and 3H-T there is a preferential retention at the receptor
      of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) over 5 alpha-dihydronandrolone (DHN), N and
      T (DHT much greater than DHN greater than N greater than T) in the prostate
      because T is a better substrate than N for 5 alpha-reductase and because DHT
      binds more strongly to the androgen receptor than DHN, N and T. In the kidney 5
      alpha-reductase is not important; there is a preferential retention of N in T
      (DHN and DHT were only present in small amounts) because N is less susceptible
      than T for metabolic inactivation by the enzyme 17 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase and N binds strongly to the androgen receptor. Both in vitro and in
      vivo studies show that N and T were relatively stable in spleen, thymus and
      muscular tissue (only shown in vivo) and, as a result, the same amount of N and T
      was bound to the receptor in these tissues in the in vivo infusion
      experiment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3865480
TI  - Implications of basic pharmacology in the therapy with esters of nandrolone.
AB  - Experiments in rats have shown that esters of nandrolone injected
      intramuscularly, are absorbed from the depot according to the kinetics of a first
      order reaction. The nature of the fatty acid chain in the ester determines the
      half-life of the compound in the depot. Once released from the depot, the ester
      is rapidly hydrolyzed by the esterases in the plasma. As a result, free
      nandrolone is the pharmacologically active agent whereas its availability to the
      target organs depends on the half-life time of the ester in the depot. It has
      been demonstrated that various androgenic target organs respond in a different
      manner to the changes in the concentration of nandrolone occurring during the
      period of resorption of the ester. This might explain the dissociation of
      anabolic from androgenic effects observed with esters of nandrolone. Knowing that
      the half-life for nandrolone decanoate in man is similar to that in rats,
      theoretical considerations are given with a number of dosing schemes.

PMID- 3865481
TI  - Anabolic steroids and osteoporosis.

PMID- 3865482
TI  - Thrombosis, fibrinolysis and ethylestrenol.

PMID- 3865483
TI  - Anemia in chronic renal failure.

PMID- 3865484
TI  - Anabolic steroids in aplastic anemia.
AB  - Despite the successful recovery of young patients with aplastic anemia following
      bone marrow transplants, additional patients have had benefit from immune
      suppression therapy, predominantly antithymus globulin (ATG). There exists a
      large residual pool of patients who have not been able to benefit from these
      modalities because of 1) lack of compatible siblings, 2) age, 3) duration of
      illness prior to diagnosis. Historically oral androstanes have been helpful in
      the treatment of chronic aplastic anemia. The long-range survival in large
      cooperative groups of patients treated with androstanes have indicated that both
      severe and chronic aplastic anemia have had responses similar to immune
      suppressive therapy. There is a need to have further investigations to seek the
      most effective anabolic agents. Many group studies have shortened treatment
      schedules when an erythropoietic response has been obtained, rather than continue
      therapy until the maximum platelet count is achieved. Such abbreviation of
      therapy may hasten a hematological relapse. Clinics also should evaluate
      parenteral androstanes since they appear to be more hematopoietic. Also the
      investigation of different androstane metabolites, i.e. etiocholanolone, should
      be pursued to determined if a more effective stimulus of stem cell proliferation
      can be achieved. In the recovery phase of the aplastic anemia patients treated
      with immune suppression or androstanes the peripheral blood reflects an altered
      proliferation of the marrow stem cell. The majority of these patients continue to
      have abnormalities in red cells (macrocytosis) and decreased platelet size.

PMID- 3865485
TI  - Experimental work with anabolics in autoimmunity models.
AB  - 19-nortestosterone (nandrolone) or its decanoate was tested in six animal models
      for autoimmune disease. The compound was found capable of inhibiting the
      development of disease symptoms or the deterioration of certain immune parameters
      in three out of five models of spontaneous autoimmune disease: NZB/NZW F1 (NZB/W)
      mice (lupus glomerulonephritis, Sjogren's disease-like syndrome), NZB (lupus
      glomerulonephritis, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia) and OS chickens (thyroiditis).
      No effect of the compound was seen in MRL lpr/lpr mice (lupus glomerulonephritis,
      lymphoproliferative disease) and in BB rats (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus;
      IDDM). Nandrolone decanoate also seems to be active in myasthenia gravis evoked
      in rats immunised with acetylcholine receptor but further experiments are
      necessary to confirm this. In a first experiment also ethylestrenol was found to
      give favourable effects in the model.

PMID- 3865486
TI  - Human semen prostaglandins do not affect sperm motility and migration.
AB  - Prostaglandin (PG) E2, PGF2 alpha and testosterone (T) concentrations were
      determined in the seminal plasma of 57 fertility-clinic patients. Results (mean
      less than SE) were: PGE2, 3.44 +/- 0.38 mu/ml; PGF2 alpha, 138 +/- 0.33
      micrograms/ml; T, 429.54 +/- 14.01 pg/ml. The material was divided into 4 groups:
      normospermic, oligozoospermic, asthenozoospermic and azoospermic. No
      statistically significant differences were found among the values of the
      different groups, except for PGE2, which was found to be increased in the
      asthenozoospermic group. Sperm migration patterns were assessed in each semen
      sample, using the Kremer capillary tube test and human cervical mucus.
      Considering each semen sample individually, no correlations whatever were found
      among sperm count, motility and migration parameters and the respective
      concentrations of both PGs and T, nor was there a correlation among PGE2, PGF2
      alpha, and T values of the same sample.

PMID- 3865487
TI  - [Involvement of eosinophils in leukemic clones: cytogenetic study in eosinophilic
      colonies from acute myelogenous leukemia associated with 8;21 translocation].

PMID- 3865488
TI  - [A case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia with variant chromosome 16 and marrow
      eosinophilia].

PMID- 3865489
TI  - The effect of naproxen on the ocular inflammatory response following
      extracapsular lens extraction in rabbits.
AB  - Naproxen effects on the ocular inflammatory response following extracapsular lens
      extraction were studied in rabbits. Twelve hours before surgery, rabbits were
      given 20 mg of a 5 mg/ml naproxen suspension by gavage. A maintenance dose of 10
      mg naproxen 3 times per day was started on the day of lensectomy and continued
      throughout the entire observation period. Phakic and aphakic control rabbits
      received no drug suspension. Central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure
      measurements were determined pre-operatively, at 4 and 24 h post-operatively and
      every 24 h thereafter. Four groups of rabbits, sacrificed at 24, 48, 72, and 168
      h after lensectomy, had anterior chamber paracentesis performed for PMN
      (polymorphonuclear leucocyte) counts and determination of protein content. A 5th
      group had both paracentesis and iris-ciliary body excision for PGE2 assay at 24
      h. No parameter was significantly altered by the naproxen regimen compared to
      untreated rabbits.

PMID- 3865490
TI  - The constraint-mechanism of the human tarsus. A roentgenological experimental
      study.
AB  - The main purpose of this investigation was to extend the work of Huson,
      Ambagtsheer and Van Langelaan to living subjects. It may thus be regarded as the
      logical continuation of Van Langelaan's study. The investigation consists of
      three main parts: In part 1 (Chapter 2), stepwise supination of the tarsus of
      fixed osteoligamentous preparations (the mode of supination studied by Van
      Langelaan) was compared with continuous supination. We found that stepwise
      supination of lower leg foot-preparations differs little from the continuous
      supination. The speed at which the continuous movement is carried out, and the
      amount of vertical loading, have only very slight effects. We could discern
      clearly that the visco-elastic properties of the tissues caused a difference in
      the paths of the supinating and pronating movements, the hysteresis effect.
      During this investigation we discovered by coincidence that the input moment to
      be applied to the tibia to supinate the tarsus by rotation varied greatly from
      one individual to another. The same was true for the vertical tibial translation
      during supination. This finding that differently shaped feet also differ in
      biomechanical behaviour prompted an extra line of investigation with which we
      attempted to quantify this biomechanical behaviour by measuring moments and
      recording vertical tibial translations, combining the two and relating them to a
      new roentgenological classification of the tarsus. The traditional specification
      criteria were found to be unsuitable. A strong correlation was found to exist
      between moment (M) and vertical tibial translation (S). Another strong
      correlation was observed between M and S and the tarsal index it, calculated with
      the equation (Formula: see text) The index is determined entirely by the relative
      positions of the talus and calcaneus. Part 2 (Chapter 3) comprises a study of
      fresh amputation material, as a step in the direction of live material. Two
      amputated lower legs were analyzed kinematically, according to Van Langelaan and
      Spoor's photogrammetric method; dynamically, by measuring moments (M) and
      recording vertical tibial translations (S); and finally by comparing the stepwise
      and continuous supination and pronation of one specimen (female 29). Each method
      was applied both to the completely intact specimen and to the dissected osteo
      ligamentous preparations. As kinematic parameters we used the helical axes. We
      calculated both the relative axes (of the movements of one tarsal bone in
      relation to another) and the absolute discrete axes (of the tarsal bones in
      relation to the fixed reference system in the test setup) of supination from 0
      degree -30 degrees and return.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3865491
TI  - Mechanics of the knee. A study of joint and muscle load with clinical
      applications.
AB  - The load moment of force about the knee joint during machine milking and when
      lifting a 12.8 kg box was quantified using a computerized static sagittal plane
      body model. Surface electromyography of quadriceps and hamstrings muscles was
      normalized and expressed as a percentage of an isometric maximum voluntary test
      contraction. Working with straight knees and the trunk flexed forwards induced
      extending knee load moments of maximum 55 Nm. Lifting the box with flexed knees
      gave flexing moments of 50 Nm at the beginning of the lift, irrespective of
      whether the burden was between or in front of the feet. During machine milking, a
      level difference between operator and cow of 0.70 m - 1.0 m significantly lowered
      the knee extending moments. To quantify the force magnitudes acting in the tibio
      femoral and patello-femoral joints, a local biomechanical model of the knee was
      developed using a combination of cadaver knee dissections and lateral knee
      radiographs of healthy subjects. The moment arm of the knee extensor was
      significantly shorter for women than for men, which resulted in higher knee joint
      forces in women if the same moment was produced. A diagram for quantifying
      patellar forces was worked out. The force magnitudes given by the knee joint
      biomechanical model correlated well with experimentally forces measured by
      others. During the parallel squat in powerlifting, the maximum flexing knee load
      moment was estimated to 335-550 Nm when carrying a 382.5 kg burden and the in
      vivo force of a complete quadriceps tendon-muscle rupture to between 10,900 and
      18,300 N. During isokinetic knee extension, the tibio-femoral compressive force
      reached peak magnitudes of 9 times body weight and the anteroposterior shear
      force was close to 1 body weight at knee angles straighter than 60 degrees,
      indicating that high forces stress the anterior cruciate ligament. A proximal
      resistance pad position decreased the shear force considerably, and this position
      is recommended in early rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament repairs
      or reconstructions. The methods presented quantify muscle activity, sagittal knee
      joint moments and forces, enabling assessments to be made of different work
      postures, training exercises and joint derangements.

PMID- 3865492
TI  - The effect of cefaclor on the nasopharyngeal flora in children with chronic OME.
AB  - About 80% of children with chronic OME carry respiratory pathogens in the
      nasopharynx, with a remarkably stable spectrum and frequency. In a randomized
      clinical trial the nasopharyngeal flora was determined in 45 untreated cases and
      in 32 cases treated with cefaclor (Kefolor), 20 mg/kg body weight b.i.d. for 10
      days. Compared to the untreated children, the treated group showed a
      significantly decreased frequency of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Branhamella
      catarrhalis, and a reduced number of cultures with mixed pathogens. An
      approximate quantitative survey showed a decreased growth of Haemophilus
      influenzae, but the frequency of isolation was unchanged. The results are put in
      relation to the penetration of cefaclor to adenoid tissue and middle ear effusion
      in chronic OME.

PMID- 3865493
TI  - Cefaclor in the treatment of otitis media with effusion.
AB  - A randomized clinical trial in which 91 children with chronic OME participated
      was performed. Cefaclor 20 mg/kg body weight b.i.d. was given to the treated
      group (n = 46) during 10 days preceding the day appointed for surgery. The
      control group (n = 45) remained untreated. On the day scheduled for surgery 24
      (52%) of the treated cases had healed, compared to 5 (11%) of the untreated
      cases, a significant difference (p less than 0.001). The long term effects showed
      that in the treated group 18 of the 24 primarily healed remained unoperated at a
      median follow-up period of 20 months. In the untreated group two of the five that
      originally resolved later relapsed and were subjected to surgery.

PMID- 3865494
TI  - Penetration of cefaclor to adenoid tissue and middle ear effusion in chronic OME.
AB  - Cefaclor given per os 20 mg/kg body weight was readily absorbed and distributed
      to adenoid tissue and to middle ear effusion in children with chronic OME. The
      levels obtained were above the MIC values of most strains of respiratory
      pathogens. The penetration characteristics were the same after the first and the
      20th dose in a b.i.d. regimen. Elimination was completed within about 12 h. The
      double dose, 40 mg/kg body weight, did not give higher levels but a longer
      duration.

PMID- 3865495
TI  - Structure and function of the adult cochlea following prenatal irradiation.
AB  - The structure and function of the cochlea of the CBA/CBA mouse were analysed
      after exposure to single doses of gamma irradiation during embryonic development.
      Pregnant mice were exposed to 0.5, 1 and 2 Gy, respectively, on either the 12th,
      13th, or 16th gestational day. Morphological analyses were performed using light
      microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy
      while the function was measured with the auditory brainstem response (ABR)
      technique. The inner and outer hair cells showed pathological changes of sensory
      hairs and their anchoring in the cuticular plate. Cytocochleogram counting was
      performed classifying the morphological changes into three different severity
      degrees of pathology. A dose dependent pattern of irradiation induced pathology
      was documented. A threshold shift of about 20 dB was found after irradiation with
      2 Gy. A flat loss of ABR curves occurred in animals irradiated on the 12th or
      16th gestational days. If the fetuses were exposed on the 13th gestational day
      the high frequencies resulted in more pronounced damage than the middle and low
      frequencies.

PMID- 3865496
TI  - The lateral intercellular spaces in the endolymphatic sac. A pathway for fluid
      transport?
AB  - The lateral intercellular spaces (LIS) in the epithelium of the endolymphatic sac
      in different mammals were studied using light and transmission electron
      microscopy. The reason for the study was that widened LIS are known to occur in
      fluid transporting epithelia, where they may reflect transepithelial flux of
      water and solutes. Increased knowledge about LIS may lead to further insight into
      the mechanisms of endolymph resorption in the endolymphatic sac. The effects of
      various fixatives, fixation methods and osmolality, and also of surgical
      labyrinthectomy, on the ultrastructure of LIS were investigated. Widened LIS
      regularly occurred in the mammalian endolymphatic sac and seem to reflect an in
      vivo condition. It is thought that LIS may form a pathway for transepithelial
      water flow in the endolymphatic sac. A hypothetical model of the function of LIS
      during transepithelial fluid movement in the sac is presented.

PMID- 3865497
TI  - [Effect of trichosanthin on progesterone, progesterone receptor and prostaglandin
      F2 alpha levels in pregnant rat uteri].

PMID- 3865498
TI  - Blood choline and response to clonazepam and haloperidol in Tourette's syndrome.
AB  - This paper reports the results of a single blind clinical study of drug treatment
      response of 20 patients with Tourette's syndrome to haloperidol and clonazepam.
      Because patients with Tourette's syndrome have been reported to have increased
      red blood cell choline levels, choline levels were examined in relation to
      treatment response. Differential drug treatment response was found among patients
      with high versus low red blood cell-to-plasma choline ratios. Patients with high
      red blood cell-to-plasma choline ratios responded better to clonazepam than to
      haloperidol. This suggests that there may be two distinct subtypes of patients
      with Tourette's syndrome.

PMID- 3865499
TI  - A case of Tourette syndrome treated with nifedipine.
AB  - A 22-year-old man with severe Tourette syndrome successfully treated with
      nifedipine is described. Controlled studies are called for.

PMID- 3865500
TI  - Perphenazine decanoate in sesame oil vs. perphenazine enanthate in sesame oil: a
      comparative study of pharmacokinetic properties and some clinical implications.
AB  - Ten schizophrenic inpatients were each treated with perphenazine enanthate (PE)
      and perphenazine decanoate (PD). Following a cross-over study design it was
      possible to evaluate differences in plasma profiles between the two preparations,
      and to relate these to encountered side effects. All patients had previously been
      receiving neuroleptic treatment and had been diagnosed according to DSM-III. The
      dosage and intervals between injections were on an individual basis. The results
      indicate that at all dosage levels, the decanoate preparation showed
      significantly lower peak plasma concentrations of perphenazine. Extrapyramidal
      side effects and sedation were also less pronounced after the administration of
      PD. The more even and flat plasma concentrations obtained with PD, may facilitate
      plasma monitored therapy by using minimum concentration values.

PMID- 3865502
TI  - Pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. Proceedings of
      the Helsinki Heart Symposium. Hanasaari, Finland, June 1-2, 1984.

PMID- 3865501
TI  - Pharmacokinetic implications of different oil vehicles used in depot neuroleptic
      treatment.
AB  - On separate occasions two male schizophrenic inpatients were given intramuscular
      injections of equal amounts of perphenazine decanoate dissolved in sesame oil and
      Viscoleo, respectively. Substantially more even, but also lower perphenazine
      plasma concentrations were found within the dose intervals following the
      injections of perphenazine decanoate dissolved in sesame oil compared to the
      intervals following the Viscoleo-preparation. The occurrence of extrapyramidal
      side effects were consistent with the magnitude of the perphenazine plasma
      concentrations. The results support the importance of selecting an appropriate
      oil vehicle in a depot neuroleptic.

PMID- 3865503
TI  - Interpretation of trends in coronary heart disease mortality.
AB  - Coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality has decreased markedly in the U.S.A.,
      Finland, Australia and other countries. Although the data are lacking, a decline
      in incidence is likely. Possible reasons include increased dietary consumption of
      essential fatty acids and decreased consumption of saturated fat and cholesterol,
      reduction in smoking, increased control of high blood pressure and increase in
      exercise. Not all countries fit this schema. Sweden has an increased CHD
      mortality which is not easily explained. Japan has had a continued decline in CHD
      mortality despite apparent increases in dietary fat. In the U.K., a decrease in
      CHD mortality began late, but there are encouraging signs both of changes in life
      style and of decreased mortality.

PMID- 3865504
TI  - Ten years of the North Karelia project.
AB  - Medical and epidemiological research into the aetiology of CHD has drawn
      attention to the likely causal role of certain risk factors, especially elevated
      serum (LDL) cholesterol and blood pressure levels, and smoking. Conventional
      trials to establish the causality have come up against problems of feasibility
      and study design. Community-based studies have considerable potential in
      introducing changes to the general lifestyle and risk factors in large numbers of
      people (since the risk factors are closely related to the way of life and other
      features of the community). Thus a well evaluated community-based study can
      augment our knowledge on the role of the risk factors. Furthermore, a community
      study examines how the existing service structure and community resources can be
      used and assesses the overall feasibility and consequences of such an
      intervention. The North Karelia project, started in eastern Finland in 1972, has
      been a major community-based study on the prevention of CHD. The results of the
      10-year evaluation of the project illustrate the feasibility and consequences of
      the approach. During the 10-year period 1972-82 the following net changes (i.e.
      adjusted for changes in the reference area) occurred in the risk factor means of
      the population aged 30-59 in North-Karelia: -28% for smoking (p less than .001), 
      3% for serum cholesterol (p less than .001) and -3% for systolic BP (p less than
      .001). During the period 1974-79 the age-standardized CHD mortality of men aged
      30-64 was reduced by 22% in North Karelia, 12% in the reference area and 11% in
      the rest of Finland (p less than .05 compared with NK).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3865505
TI  - [Examination, diagnosis and treatment planning].

PMID- 3865506
TI  - [Mucogingival surgery].

PMID- 3865507
TI  - [The gingiva. Anatomy, histology].

PMID- 3865508
TI  - [Periodontolysis and its treatment in children and adolescents].

PMID- 3865509
TI  - [Indications for mucogingival therapy in children and adolescents].

PMID- 3865510
TI  - [Nutrition and the periodontium].

PMID- 3865511
TI  - [Epidemiology and periodontology].

PMID- 3865512
TI  - [Dental bacterial plaque].

PMID- 3865513
TI  - [Anatomy of the periodontal bone].

PMID- 3865514
TI  - [The supporting tissue. Morphology, physiology].

PMID- 3865515
TI  - [Histopathology of periodontal disease].

PMID- 3865516
TI  - [Gingivitis. Prevention and treatment of gingivitis].

PMID- 3865517
TI  - [Chronic periodontitis].

PMID- 3865518
TI  - [Inter-radicular lesions].

PMID- 3865519
TI  - [Central giant cell granuloma of the upper jaw as a clinical sign of primary
      hyperparathyroidism--case report].

PMID- 3865520
TI  - [Gram-positive facultative bacteria in the pulp-periodontal complex].

PMID- 3865521
TI  - [Flexural strength testing of heat-curing denture base acrylic resins].

PMID- 3865522
TI  - [Systemic diseases and local irritation in the etiology of oral lichen].

PMID- 3865523
TI  - [Assessment of oral health status and treatment needs in children 12-15 years of
      age in Zagreb and Novi Sad using the new WHO form].

PMID- 3865524
TI  - [Multipurpose-universal matrix clamp].

PMID- 3865525
TI  - [Differences in the eruption of canines, premolars and second molars between
      children with eugnathia and malocclusion].

PMID- 3865526
TI  - [Dental implants in vitro].

PMID- 3865527
TI  - Cardiac tamponade as first manifestation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a
      patient with echographic evidence of mediastinal lymph nodal enlargement.

PMID- 3865528
TI  - Cardiac osteosarcoma.

PMID- 3865529
TI  - Alterations in vitamin A and thyroid hormone status in anorexia nervosa and
      associated disorders.
AB  - Vitamin A and thyroid hormone status was investigated in 27 patients with
      anorexia nervosa. Subjects were divided into three groups based on eating
      behavior and serum carotene concentrations: anorexic (dietary restriction),
      normal carotene; anorexic, elevated serum carotene; bulimic, elevated serum
      carotene. All bulimic subjects fulfilling selection criteria were
      hypercarotenemic (weight loss and reduced metabolic rate). Data were compared to
      normal healthy volunteers. Serum retinol and retinol-binding protein levels were
      normal in all subjects whereas retinyl esters were elevated in the
      hypercarotenemic groups. Hypercarotenemia was primarily a result of elevation of
      vitamin A active carotenoids, especially beta-carotene. Diet was excluded from
      the etiology of hypercarotenemia. Thyroid hormones T4 and T3 were significantly
      depressed in hypercarotenemic groups and rT3 increased. A concomitant alteration
      in vitamin-hormone status is observed with progressive metabolic alterations: low
      T3, T4, and elevated retinyl esters in subjects with the hypercarotenemia
      associated with anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 3865530
TI  - Body composition studies in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Body composition studies were performed in 33 patients suffering from the
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Studies included measurements of total
      body potassium, fat, and total body and extracellular water volumes plus serum
      retinol binding protein concentration, iron binding capacity, and albumin
      concentration. AIDS patients were underweight (p less than 0.001) and were
      depleted of potassium (p less than 0.001) with the lowest values occurring in
      patients close to death at the time of study. Body fat contents also were
      reduced. Intracellular water volumes were decreased in the AIDS patients (p less
      than 0.001) with a relative increase in extracellular water volume (p less than
      0.001). Serum protein concentrations were decreased in the AIDS patients.
      Longitudinal studies did not demonstrate tissue repletion in patients with AIDS,
      despite apparent clinical stability. These studies demonstrate that severe,
      progressive malnutrition occurs in patients with AIDS. If malnutrition can be
      shown to have a deleterious effect upon the disease course, therapy of
      malnutrition may play an important role in the treatment of this disorder.

PMID- 3865531
TI  - Chronic granulocytic leukemia: correlation of blastic transformation type with
      karyotypic evolution.
AB  - Over a 3-year period, 26 patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic
      granulocytic leukemia were studied cytogenetically in both the chronic and
      blastic transformation phases of the disease; a further three patients were
      studied only after blastic transformation. Sixteen were considered to have
      adequate evidence of the type of transformation and form the basis of the report,
      where chromosome changes have been correlated with the morphological type of
      blastic transformation. Seven patients developed a myeloblastic transformation,
      seven a lymphoblastic transformation, and two an erythroblastic transformation.
      All patients in the myeloid group acquired one or more of the nonrandom changes
      associated with CGL blastic transformation, viz. +8,i(17q), +19, +22q-. Patients
      in the lymphoblastic group acquired structural abnormalities, apparently random
      in nature and usually in a small percentage of cells. The two patients with
      erythroblastic transformation developed markedly hyperdiploid cells (greater than
      50 chromosomes) with both numerical and structural abnormalities. Patients in the
      lymphoblastic group appeared to have a slightly better prognosis than the myeloid
      group, whilst the patients with erythroblastic transformation had a very poor
      prognosis.

PMID- 3865532
TI  - The incidence of thrombotic and hemorrhagic disorders in association with extreme
      thrombocytosis: an analysis of 129 cases.
AB  - We have presented a retrospective study of 129 patients with platelet counts of
      1,000 X 10(9)/L or more--72 with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), and 57 with
      reactive thrombocytosis (RT)--in an effort to determine the incidence of
      thrombohemorrhagic complications. Thrombotic disorders occurred with
      approximately equal frequency in the two groups, being found in three patients
      (4%) with MPD and three (5%) with RT when the platelet count was over 1,000 X
      10(9)/L and in 11% of the patients in each group when the platelet count was less
      than 1,000 X 10(9)/L. In contrast, bleeding manifestations were more common in
      MPD, where 36% of patients were affected on one or more occasions versus only 4%
      of those with RT. However, bleeding was generally not severe, with only six
      patients requiring transfusions, and three of these patients had been receiving
      aspirin or corticosteroids when they developed severe gastrointestinal bleeding.

PMID- 3865533
TI  - Determination of glucocorticoid receptors in leukemic myeloblasts by isoelectric
      focusing in polyacrylamide gel.
AB  - We investigated the optimal conditions for measuring glucocorticoid receptor in
      blast cells from patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Cytosol receptor
      measured with isoelectric focusing was saturated after 60 min of incubation at 0
      degrees C with 100 nM of either dexamethasone or triamcinolone. Saturation was
      achieved when cytosol from at least 7 X 10(6) cells was used for incubation.
      Trypsin treatment of the cytosol resulted in a sharpened peak of receptor
      focusing at pH 5.6 with no loss of receptor-bound radioactivity. The two physical
      forms of glucocorticoid receptor were isolated with DEAE cellulose
      chromatography. They were both found to focus at pH 5.6 during isoelectric
      focusing.

PMID- 3865534
TI  - Acute puerperal uterine inversion: two-step management with a beta-mimetic and a
      prostaglandin.
AB  - Sequential administration of a beta 2-mimetic and a prostaglandin, the latter
      preferably injected into the uterus, is a simple and highly effective method for
      managing acute puerperal uterine inversion.

PMID- 3865535
TI  - Clinical, radiographic, and electromyographic study of patients with internal
      derangement of the temporomandibular joint.
AB  - Fifteen patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
      were examined clinically, radiographically, and electromyographically.
      Electromyographic recordings were also obtained from 11 subjects without signs or
      symptoms associated with their TMJs or masticatory musculature. All the patients
      with internal derangement demonstrated interferences on the ipsilateral side.
      This was interpreted as the result of disc displacement producing a reduced joint
      space and, consequently, a decreased vertical dimension on the symptomatic side.
      Slow opening and closing mandibular movements without clenching could be
      performed by healthy persons without noticeable EMG activity in the temporalis
      and masseter muscles. In association with disc displacement, electromyographic
      activity of the temporalis and masseter muscles occurred when the condyle slid
      over the posterior band of the disc and could be interpreted as an arthrokinetic
      reflex caused by distraction. Continuous muscle activity could be provoked by TMJ
      disc displacement and ceased when the disc position was normalized on mouth
      opening, only to occur again every time the disc became displaced on mouth
      closure. Anterior disc displacement without reduction (closed lock) could cause
      spastic activity in the temporalis muscle on the affected side. Spastic activity
      of the masseter and temporalis muscles occurring on the same side as a joint with
      anterior disc displacement hinders or inhibits the condylar movement necessary to
      achieve reduction.

PMID- 3865536
TI  - Basilar multiplane cephalometric analysis.
AB  - This article presents a method of cephalometric tracing and analysis using the
      basilar view cephalogram and discusses its role in diagnosis and treatment
      planning. Landmarks and structures found in each of three separate basilar planes
      are defined and instructions for tracings are presented. The analysis is applied
      to the study of orbital hypertelorism, craniofacial synostosis, and
      hemicraniofacial microsomia. The multiplane tracing technique is demonstrated to
      provide a three-dimensional concept of deformities in the craniofacial skeleton.
      A method to determine an anteroposterior midline construct from structures in the
      cranial base is described. As is practiced with the lateral cephalogram,
      presurgical tracings of the basilar film may be manipulated to simulate the
      skeletal changes anticipated in surgery.

PMID- 3865537
TI  - Re: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction.

PMID- 3865538
TI  - "Hidden" eating disorders in Scottish psychiatric inpatients.
AB  - The authors designed a study to determine the prevalence of "hidden" eating
      disorders among a large group of hospitalized psychiatric patients. Of 146
      patients surveyed, 13.8% currently had eating disorders diagnosed according to
      DSM-III criteria: 7.3% had bulimia, 3.6% had anorexia nervosa, and 2.9% had an
      atypical disorder. Eighty percent of the bulimic patients and all of the patients
      with an atypical disorder had not been so identified by hospital diagnosis.
      Eating-disordered patients tended to have concurrent diagnoses of affective or
      personality disorders.

PMID- 3865539
TI  - Bulimia nervosa in a black woman.

PMID- 3865540
TI  - No purging, no binge eating: a mechanism for imipramine's action in bulimia?

PMID- 3865541
TI  - [Behavioral changes prior to dental treatment in children. II. Continuous changes
      in internal behaviors before treatment].

PMID- 3865542
TI  - [Experimental fibrosarcomas derived from the periodontal ligament in the mandible
      of hamsters. Light and electron microscopic studies].

PMID- 3865543
TI  - [Morphology and function of the molars in Paleocene primates].

PMID- 3865544
TI  - [Light and electron microscopic studies of wound healing in rat gingiva.
      Application of hydrocortisone or hyaluronidase].

PMID- 3865545
TI  - [Early tooth wear in modern Japanese molars].

PMID- 3865546
TI  - [Effect of cyclophosphamide on the mandibular condyles of growing rats].

PMID- 3865547
TI  - [Emotional changes in children during dental treatment. II. Changes in external
      behavior].

PMID- 3865548
TI  - [Periodontal disease and the width of attached gingiva. III. The width of
      attached gingiva in adults].

PMID- 3865549
TI  - [Emotional changes in children during cavity preparation under infiltration
      anesthesia. I. Changes in internal behavior].

PMID- 3865550
TI  - [Emotional changes in children during cavity preparation under infiltration
      anesthesia. II. Changes in external behavior].

PMID- 3865551
TI  - [Emotional changes in children during dental treatment. I. Changes in internal
      behavior].

PMID- 3865552
TI  - [Behavioral changes prior to dental treatment in children. I. Changes in
      adaptable behaviors before treatment].

PMID- 3865553
TI  - Handmirror cells in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia related to
      immunological phenotype.
AB  - In 96 cases of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), handmirror cells
      (HMCs) were counted in cytospin preparations of washed lymphoblasts obtained at
      diagnosis. HMC counts were significantly lower in T-ALL as compared to C-ALL (p
      less than 0.001). In T-ALL and pre-T-ALL 2/35 cases had more than 10% HMCs; in C
      ALL 22/41 cases had more than 10% HMCs. In two cases of B-ALL 19% and 36% HMCs
      were found. Thus, HMC expression in ALL is related to the immunological
      phenotype, especially found in ALLs originating along the B-cell lineage.

PMID- 3865554
TI  - Bone marrow necrosis foreshadowing acute lymphoid leukemia.
AB  - Necrosis of the bone marrow is rarely observed during life. Less than 50 cases
      have been reported, for the most part in patients with leukemia. The finding of
      bone marrow necrosis in children is even more rare. Of the seven cases reported,
      six patients had acute lymphoid leukemia and one patient had lymphocytic
      lymphoma. The occurrence of marrow necrosis diagnosed by aspirate and by biopsy
      in a child 18 months of age is presented. The necrosis was present several months
      before the appearance of acute lymphoid leukemia. The reasons for the presumed
      rarity of this pathological finding, its relationship with bone or joint pain and
      fever, hypotheses concerning pathogenesis, and its prognostic value are
      discussed.

PMID- 3865555
TI  - Candida esophagitis in two children with acute leukemia: successful therapy with
      ketoconazole.

PMID- 3865556
TI  - Multicellular tumor spheroid interactions with bone cells and bone.
AB  - In vitro coculture techniques were used to study HSDM1C1 murine fibrosarcoma
      multicellular tumor spheroid (HSDM1C1-MTS) interactions with mouse calvarial bone
      cells having osteoblastic characteristics and mouse bone explants. HSDM1C1-MTS
      attached to confluent bone cell monolayers and their attachment rate was
      quantified. HSDM1C1-MTS interaction with bone cells was further demonstrated by
      the release of 3H-deoxyuridine from prelabeled bone cells during coculture with
      multicellular tumor spheroids. HSDM1C1-MTS-induced cytotoxicity was mimicked by
      the addition of 10(-5) M prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to 3H-deoxyuridine-labeled bone
      cells. The effects of low (10(-9) M) and high (10(-5) M) concentrations of PGE2
      on bone cell proliferation were also studied. Higher concentrations of PGE2
      inhibited bone cell proliferation. HSDM1C1-MTS resorbed living explants in the
      presence of indomethacin, suggesting that other tumor cell products may also
      participate in bone resorption. HSDM1C1-MTS caused direct bone resorption as
      measured by the significantly elevated release of 45Ca from prelabeled,
      devitalized calvaria. However, the growth of a confluent bone cell layer on
      devitalized, 45Ca-prelabeled calvaria resulted in a significant reduction in the
      amount of 45Ca released subsequent to the seeding of HSDM1C1-MTS onto the
      explants. Bone cells at the bone surface may act as a barrier against invasion
      and tumor cell-mediated bone resorption. Violation of this cellular barrier is
      achieved, in part, by tumor cell products.

PMID- 3865557
TI  - Postoperative delirium secondary to atropine premedication.
AB  - Anticholinergic agents used as preoperative medications have the ability to
      induce postanesthetic delirium reactions. We present a case of postanesthetic
      delirium secondary to premedication with atropine which was treated with
      intravenous physostigmine. This case is presented to alert the clinician to the
      possibility of this reaction occurring with the use of atropine, and to
      demonstrate the use of physostigmine in reversing postanesthetic delirium
      reactions caused by anticholinergics.

PMID- 3865558
TI  - A new technique for stabilization of the endotracheal tube.
AB  - An inexpensive and readily available device for securing the endotracheal tube in
      oral or nasal intubations is described. The device consists of a Velcro-fastened
      strap which is adjustable to any size tubing and two additional cloth straps
      which are tied around the patient's head. This device is very stable when
      properly tied and minimizes the possibility of extubation or damage to the nasal
      tissues caused by movement of the endotracheal tubing during surgery.

PMID- 3865559
TI  - Physostigmine: an antidote for excessive central nervous system depression or
      paradoxical rage reactions resulting from intravenous diazepam.
AB  - A review of the pharmacology and use of the drug physostigmine is presented. Of
      particular interest is the drug's capability to reverse excessive somnolence or
      paradoxical responses caused by intravenous diazepam (Valium(r)) and other
      clinically available benzodiazepines. Its use for the treatment of
      anticholinergic syndrome is discussed and incidence and characterization of side
      effects documented. Recommendations are made for appropriate emergency use.

PMID- 3865560
TI  - Sedative effects and cardiorespiratory influences of intravenous flunitrazepam
      premedication.
AB  - Sedative effects and the influence on cardiorespiratory functions of
      flunitrazepam, 0.015 mg/kg intravenously, were studied in 13 healthy adult
      volunteers. Immediately after administration, 12 of the 13 subjects responded
      when their names were called, while one subject required gentle patting on the
      shoulder to evoke a response. The scores of EEG and electro-oculogram were
      decreased. Cardiorespiratory changes were mild and not significant clinically.
      Anterograde amnesia was remarkable. Equilibrium functions were normal at 180 min
      postdose. Only one subject complained of pain at injection. It was concluded that
      intravenous injection of 0.015 mg/kg flunitrazepam was an optimal dose for
      sedation in healthy adults.

PMID- 3865561
TI  - Malignant hyperthermia.
AB  - Despite numerous reviews and clinical reports, much remains to be learned about
      the cause, treatment, and prevention of malignant hyperthermia.Among the most
      worrisome concerns of the clinician administering anesthesia is the malignant
      hyperthermia crisis. When it arises, it is always frightening-and sometimes
      fatal. Usually occurring very suddenly and without warning, malignant
      hyperthermia is considered to be a hypercatabolic crisis; the condition is known
      to affect humans and certain breeds of pigs. The exact triggering mechanisms of
      malignant hyperthermia (MH) in humans are not known, but a crisis can be
      initiated by volatile general anesthetics, neuromuscular blocking agents, and
      amide local anesthetics. Although a history of an MH crisis is a diagnostic aid,
      previous uneventful exposure to anesthesia does not guarantee the safety of the
      patient in subsequent anesthetic procedures.(1) For these reasons, it is
      important for the anesthesiologist to be aware of the initial signs of MH and to
      be prepared to provide immediate treatment to reverse such a crisis.

PMID- 3865562
TI  - Evaluation of the Gow-Gates mandibular block for oral surgery.
AB  - The Gow-Gates mandibular block technique for administration of local anesthesia
      was compared to conventional nerve block techniques in patients undergoing the
      removal of impacted third molars, using a within-subject experimental design.
      Both techniques resulted in acceptable quality of anesthesia. Success rate of the
      Gow-Gates technique was significantly greater than with conventional techniques.
      Limitations of the Gow-Gates technique were slower onset of anesthesia, variable
      buccal nerve anesthesia, and increased intraoperative bleeding.

PMID- 3865563
TI  - The effect of pentobarbital on lidocaine toxicity and brainstem concentration.
AB  - The effect of pretreatment with 20 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital on the acute
      intravenous toxicity of 2% lidocaine was determined in rats. Pretreatment
      increased the LD(50) of lidocaine from 20.2 mg/kg to 26.9 mg/kg (p<0.05). This
      25% decrease in lethality was accompanied by similar decreases in the
      concentrations of lidocaine (relative to the injected dose) in serum and
      brainstem samples collected immediately after death. Under the conditions of this
      study, pentobarbital apparently protects against lidocaine lethality by
      increasing the relative distribution of local anesthetic to tissues outside of
      the central nervous system.

PMID- 3865564
TI  - Subcutaneous emphysema.
AB  - This case describes the development of subcutaneous emphysema following
      restorative dentistry performed under general anesthesia. Initial treatment
      consisted of intravenous epinephrine and dexamethasone due to difficulty in
      breathing and laryngeal stridor. Dexamethasone and other adjunctive drugs were
      administered over the 4 days following surgery while the symptoms subsided. The
      author emphasizes the importance of early recognition and prompt management in
      managing this unusual complication.

PMID- 3865565
TI  - Facial variations related to headform type.
AB  - A comparison and evaluation of a range of basic anatomic relationships underlying
      facial form in Angle Class I and Class II dolichocephalic, brachycephalic,
      mesocephalic, and dinaric types of headform. Interrelated composites of these
      structural factors and their contributions to different malocclusion tendencies
      are described.

PMID- 3865566
TI  - Class II, division 1 treatment with Frankel and Edgewise appliances--a
      comparative study of mandibular growth and facial esthetics.
AB  - A statistical comparison of treatment changes in twenty patients treated with a
      Frankel appliance and twenty treated with the Edgewise mechanism. Both groups
      showed similar improvements, with no significant differences in mandibular
      growth.

PMID- 3865567
TI  - Stability of dental arch expansion in the deciduous dentition.
AB  - Thirteen patients with deciduous dentition and more than 3mm intercuspid arch
      length deficiency are expanded and followed, with controls, for 6 years. Arch
      perimeter and width at permanent cuspids and bicuspids appear to be slightly
      greater, and lower incisors are positioned somewhat more forward on the mandible.

PMID- 3865568
TI  - Occlusal contacts following orthodontic treatment. Measured by a photocclusion
      technique.
AB  - Measurement of occlusal contacts on 12 orthodontically treated patients were
      measured by the photocclusion technique finds a mean increase of 56% in the
      number of contacts in the first year following treatment.

PMID- 3865569
TI  - Characteristics and stability of spaced dentition.
AB  - A serial study of changes in spacing between teeth during the period of facial
      maturation, finding tendencies toward closure of buccal spaces and opening of
      anterior spaces. Spacing in females is equally distributed between upper and
      lower arches; in males it is more prevalent in the upper arch.

PMID- 3865570
TI  - Bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical uptake as an indicator of mandibular growth in
      rats.
AB  - Uptake of a bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical is correlated with growth changes in
      the rat mandible. Uptake was highest in newborn rats, decreasing with increasing
      age.

PMID- 3865571
TI  - [Evaluation of a serum pancreatic tumor marker: the carbohydrate antigen C.A. 19
      9].
AB  - A radio-immunological assay with monoclonal antibodies was used to measure the C
      19-9 antigen in 51 patients to determine its diagnostic value in cancer of the
      pancreas. The results show that the C 19-9 antigen is a good marker for carcinoma
      of the pancreas and that it can be commonly used.

PMID- 3865572
TI  - Adenosine deaminase in disorders of purine metabolism and in immune deficiency.

PMID- 3865573
TI  - Molecular biology of the adenosine deaminase gene and messenger RNA.
AB  - The human adenosine deaminase cDNA has been cloned in a lambda-vector. Contained
      within a sequence of over 1500 nucleotides is an open reading frame of 1089
      nucleotides that encodes the amino acids of ADA. The functional ADA gene contains
      at least six kilobases and has at least two introns. Using in vitro translation,
      molecular hybridization to ADA cDNA, and S1 nuclease mapping, ADA mRNA has been
      characterized in lymphoblast lines from seven different ADA-deficient children.
      All of the lines contain substantial amounts of RNA, which hybridizes
      specifically to the ADA cDNA. Four of the cell lines contain translatable mRNAs
      with small defects such as single base substitutions that are not detectable by
      S1 mapping. Deficiency of ADA activity in these lines appears secondary to
      synthesis of structurally altered proteins containing simple amino acid
      substitutions. Three of the lines contain mRNAs with S1 nuclease detectable
      defects. Some or all of these defective mRNAs are postulated to result from
      anomalous RNA processing. In these cases the causes of the ADA deficiency may be
      more complex than simple amino acid substitutions in the protein and could
      include small insertions or deletions of amino acids as well as changes in the
      efficiency of translation of the mRNAs.

PMID- 3865574
TI  - Urinary purines and nucleosides in immune deficiencies.

PMID- 3865576
TI  - The medical and biological effects of light. Conference on medical and biological
      effects of light. New York City, October 31-November 2, 1984.

PMID- 3865575
TI  - Abnormalities in S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolysis, ATP catabolism, and lymphoid
      differentiation in adenosine deaminase deficiency.

PMID- 3865577
TI  - Eye hazards of environmental lighting.

PMID- 3865578
TI  - Environmental light: effects on vitamin D synthesis and calcium metabolism in
      humans.

PMID- 3865579
TI  - A circadian pacemaker for visual sensitivity?
AB  - Visual signal detectability oscillates as a circadian rhythm, capable of free
      running in constant conditions, and entrainment by external lighting schedules.
      These functions persist after lesioning of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN),
      implicating a separate pacemaker for visual sensitivity. Its locus, physiology,
      and mode of interaction with the SCN have yet to be established.

PMID- 3865580
TI  - Maternal entrainment of the developing circadian system.

PMID- 3865581
TI  - Daily and annual rhythms in human melatonin secretion: role in puberty control.

PMID- 3865582
TI  - Calcium metabolism in healthy men deprived of sunlight.

PMID- 3865583
TI  - Indirect effects of light: ecological and ethological considerations.

PMID- 3865584
TI  - Possible behavioral consequences of light-induced changes in melatonin
      availability.
AB  - Melatonin is a hormone secreted at night, in the dark, by the human pineal organ.
      This nocturnal release of melatonin, in humans and other species, is rapidly
      suppressed by exposure to sufficiently bright light. In humans, the function, if
      any, of this circadian pattern of melatonin release has not been determined. In
      fact, no function has been definitively attributed to the hormone melatonin in
      humans. In one study, conducted in our laboratory, pharmacologic doses of oral
      melatonin (240 mg over two hours) were administered to volunteers, and various
      behavioral parameters were assessed. Melatonin had substantial, but brief,
      sedative-like effects on mood and performance. Thus it appears that a mechanism
      exists, whereby light, of sufficient intensity to affect melatonin release in
      humans, can affect behavior. It can be hypothesized that sufficiently bright
      light, acting by way of the suppression of melatonin release, can acutely
      increase alertness or act as a zeitgeber (synchronizer of circadian cycles). The
      light intensity necessary to suppress melatonin secretion in humans is well above
      typical indoor lighting conditions, but well below normal outdoor daytime levels
      of illumination. Therefore, the hypothesis that light may affect behavior or
      circadian patterns of sleep and waking, if found to be true, could have
      considerable impact on the design of interior lighting.

PMID- 3865585
TI  - Immediate and delayed effects of bright light on human melatonin production:
      shifting "dawn" and "dusk" shifts the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO).

PMID- 3865586
TI  - Seasonal affective disorder and phototherapy.

PMID- 3865587
TI  - Therapeutic effects of bright light in depressed patients.

PMID- 3865588
TI  - Spectral, irradiance, and temporal aspects of natural and artificial light.

PMID- 3865589
TI  - Use of light to treat jet lag: differential effects of normal and bright
      artificial light on human circadian rhythms.

PMID- 3865590
TI  - Effect of indoor lighting on normal skin.
AB  - A small but measurable component of some indoor lighting is ultraviolet radiation
      (UVR); whether it is sufficient to modify the indoor worker's risk for chronic
      skin changes is not directly answerable with available technology. A first
      approach to this question involves a) estimating a range of annual background
      solar exposure for indoor workers currently at risk; b) determining whether, and
      at what levels, UVR exposure is a part of specified indoor lighting; and c)
      calculating the increment in risk implied by a and b. This algorithm predicts
      that some lighting conditions that meet NIOSH recommended standards would still
      result in significant increases in the risk of cumulative UVR damage, including
      skin cancer. More information concerning actual exposure conditions, the relation
      of spectral effectiveness for luminosity and UVR production, and dose-time
      reciprocity are required to improve our predictions of long-term cutaneous
      effects of indoor lighting.

PMID- 3865591
TI  - Photosensitivity diseases related to interior lighting.
AB  - The most frequently used source of indoor lighting is the fluorescent tube.
      Although there are major variations in phosphors, the majority of these lamps are
      safe, efficient, and economical illuminators. These fluorescent light sources are
      currently our primary source of visible light; however, they emit small amounts
      of ultraviolet A light (UVA) as well as a somewhat larger percentage of infrared
      radiation. Photosensitivity diseases have been reported in each of these three
      broad wavelength bands. Specific examples include heat urticaria from infrared
      exposure, contact photosensitivity of the phototoxic type following exposure to
      dyes and visible light, and two relatively rare but disabling conditions from
      ultraviolet A exposure--solar urticaria and contact photosensitivity of the
      photoallergic type (persistent light reaction). During the past five years, eight
      patients with photosensitivity induced by musk ambrette and UVA have been treated
      at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center; six of these have been severely disabled
      and satisfy the criteria for persistent light reactors. Fifteen patients with
      solar urticaria have also been observed. Ten of these had reactions in the UVA
      range. The clinical and laboratory findings of these two groups of patients were
      presented.

PMID- 3865592
TI  - Activation of the melanocyte system by ultraviolet radiation and cell
      transformation.

PMID- 3865593
TI  - Effects of light source spectral distribution upon visual functions.

PMID- 3865594
TI  - Therapeutic uses of light.

PMID- 3865595
TI  - Health effects of interior lighting: discussion.

PMID- 3865596
TI  - Light-induced changes in plasma tryptophan and cystine.

PMID- 3865598
TI  - Photoreactivation and other ultraviolet/visible light effects on DNA in human
      skin.

PMID- 3865597
TI  - Light effects on transport and excretion of bilirubin in newborns.
AB  - There is now firm evidence that phototherapy has the following effects on
      bilirubin metabolism in humans with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. It rather
      rapidly converts a substantial fraction of the normal toxic 4Z, 15Z form of
      bilirubin to the 4Z, 15E form, which probably is less toxic. Simultaneously it
      enhances the overall excretion of bilirubin by converting it to oxidation
      products and structural and configurational isomers that are excretable in bile
      and urine without the need for glucuronidation. We know that these reactions
      occur in vivo because we have synthesized the compounds involved and have
      identified them unambiguously in vivo in the tissues of jaundiced babies and rats
      undergoing phototherapy. It is unlikely that these photobiological effects on
      bilirubin metabolism and transport are restricted to babies undergoing purposeful
      phototherapy. All babies are exposed to visible light and all develop
      hyperbilirubinemia during early life, with many exhibiting jaundice. Because
      there is no lower intensity threshold for photochemical reactions, it seems
      probable that the photobiological effects described in this paper occur in most
      newborns to some degree. Furthermore, similar photoprocesses would be expected to
      occur in the approximately 2-5% of the population who have the benign condition
      known as Gilbert's syndrome, which is characterized by chronic mild unconjugated
      hyperbilirubinemia, particularly when they sunbathe. Clearly, in the particular
      instance of phototherapy of neonatal jaundice, blue light is therapeutic. In some
      respects it acts like a drug, almost like the ideal magic bullet, because it is
      specific for the target molecule and safe. The main limitation of phototherapy is
      that it is inefficient, a limitation that seems to be imposed by transport
      processes in the body and the optics of skin rather than by the photochemical
      reactions on which it depends.

PMID- 3865600
TI  - Effect of dietary beta-carotene on psoralen-induced phototoxicity.

PMID- 3865599
TI  - Comparison of synthetic psoralen derivatives and 8-MOP in the inhibition of
      lymphocyte proliferation.

PMID- 3865601
TI  - Atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3865602
TI  - Nature and definitions of atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3865603
TI  - Role of macrophages in regression of atherosclerosis.
AB  - The exact role of macrophages in regression is still not clear. It appears that
      some of their functions are beneficial, while others are detrimental. Among their
      beneficial functions are: (1) their ability to phagocytize cellular and
      extracellular debris and remove them outside the arterial wall. This function may
      be enhanced by the macrophage's own secretion of fibronectin; (2) their ability
      to solubilize necrotic debris by their complement of hydrolytic enzymes, thus,
      rendering them diffusible through the arterial wall; and, (3) their secretion of
      SMC mitogen and components of the arterial wall. Our work supports the role of
      macrophages in the removal of necrotic debris by the mechanisms cited in (1) and
      (2) above. On the other hand, macrophages may be detrimental to regression if
      they secrete an excess of the same hydrolytic enzymes, mentioned above as being
      beneficial, and if directed towards normal arterial wall components. This can
      result in disorganization and degradation of these components, and in more
      necrosis, as was seen at the six-week regression period in our sequential study.
      Cell debris resulting from necrosis of SMC and from death of macrophages
      themselves may form nidi for calcific bodies to occur. Our work suggests this may
      be the case during regression. Finally, excess stimulation of SMC, mitogen, and
      the secretion of the arterial wall components may contribute to the lesion growth
      and could explain the lack of regression in some species and under certain
      conditions. In conclusion, our hypothesis that the macrophage is a "friend"
      during regression appears to be only partially true, and their presence at this
      phase of the disease may be a "two-edged sword." On one hand, they may help in
      the removal of necrosis, while on the other hand, they may accelerate
      calcification.

PMID- 3865604
TI  - Atherosclerosis as an inflammatory process. The roles of the monocyte-macrophage.
AB  - In this brief review, we have addressed the roles of the monocyte-macrophage in
      atherogenesis, with emphasis on the recruitment to the arterial wall. We have
      presented summary data on the SMC-derived chemoattractant protein and also on the
      temporal evolution of monocyte-derived macrophages into cholesteryl ester-rich
      foam cells. The concept of atheroma as an inflammatory process has also been
      discussed.

PMID- 3865605
TI  - Prostacyclin and variant angina.
AB  - Plasma levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto PGF1 alpha in the blood samples
      taken at the coronary sinus and ascending aorta from twenty-one Japanese patients
      with variant angina and twenty with effort angina were measured by
      radioimmunoassay, the objective being to search for the contribution of
      prostanoids in coronary spasm. The data were compared with data on thirteen
      subjects free from coronary artery diseases. In coronary sinus blood, plasma TXB2
      in patients with effort angina exhibited statistically significant high levels,
      as compared with data in the controls. These with variant angina also had high
      levels, albeit without a statistically significant difference. Eight patients
      with variant angina and for whom the coronary angiogram showed more than 50% of
      narrowing had statistically significant high levels of TXB2, and the other
      thirteen with variant angina and normal coronaries or less than 50% of narrowing
      had the same plasma levels of TXB2 as the controls. In contrast to TXB2, the
      plasma levels of 6-keto PGF1 alpha in both coronary sinus and aortic blood of
      patients with variant angina were very low, as compared with normal controls.
      Statistically significant low levels of 6-keto PGF1 alpha were noted in the
      coronary sinus blood of patients with variant angina with normal coronaries and
      in the aortic blood of those with variant angina, as compared with data on the
      normal controls. Neither ergonovine test nor spontaneous attacks in patients with
      variant angina revealed characteristic changes in levels of TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1
      alpha in the coronary sinus. These data suggest that high levels of TXB2 in
      patients with atherosclerotic coronaries may be one factor leading to spasm,
      while low levels of PGI2 may be a contributing factor.

PMID- 3865606
TI  - Factors controlling thrombus formation on arterial lesions.

PMID- 3865607
TI  - Lipoproteins containing apo B extracted from human aortas. Structure and
      function.
AB  - We have isolated, by anti-LDL affinity chromatography, apo B-containing
      lipoproteins from homogenates of atherosclerotic plaques excised from the human
      aorta. This fraction, called A-LP, has similarities with plasma LDL, such as
      having similar size and relative lipid composition, along with containing apo B.
      However, the fraction also contains some particles larger than LDL, it is more
      electronegative than LDL, the relative protein content is less than in LDL, and
      its apo B is highly degraded. A-LP is recognized by a high affinity binding site
      on mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPM), as suggested by dose-response curves of
      stimulation of cholesterol esterification. The interaction is inhibited by
      negatively-charged carbohydrates such as fucoidin, but excess A-LP did not
      inhibit the degradation of labeled acetyl-LDL by MPM, suggesting that the binding
      site recognizing A-LP may not be the scavenger receptor. Finally, stimulation of
      cholesterol esterification by A-LP in MPM is unregulated over a 48 hr time
      interval, leading to massive accumulations of cholesteryl esters and a transition
      of these MPM to a morphology characteristic of foam cells. It is possible that
      when monocytes enter the arterial intima at specific sites and become tissue
      macrophages, they internalize A-LP in an unregulated fashion. This, in turn,
      would make the monocyte-macrophage lipid-laden, and could explain the etiology of
      foam cells in fatty streak lesions. The modification in A-LP relative to P-LDL
      responsible for the enhanced recognition still needs to be elucidated.

PMID- 3865608
TI  - Some speculations on the deposition of cholesterol in aortic lesions of familial
      hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 3865609
TI  - Effects of synthetic glycosides on cholesterol absorption.

PMID- 3865610
TI  - The association of serum lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins with coronary
      artery disease assessed by coronary arteriography.

PMID- 3865611
TI  - LDL heterogeneity and atherosclerosis in nonhuman primates.

PMID- 3865612
TI  - Studies on cell proliferation and mevalonic acid metabolism in cultured human
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 3865613
TI  - Cell population kinetics in atherogenesis. Cell births and losses in intimal cell
      mass-derived lesions in the abdominal aorta of swine.
AB  - Atherosclerotic lesions may arise in a number of different ways. The two most
      notable, perhaps, are by monocyte infiltration of the intima and by hyperplasia
      of normally occurring intimal cell masses. This report is limited to the ICM
      derived lesion type induced by a hyperlipidemic diet in the abdominal aorta of
      swine. The HL diet results, by 49 days, in accumulation of lipid in about 50% of
      the ICM cells and increases in cell division activity, as indicated by tritiated
      thymidine LI fourfold greater than in ICM of control swine. Cell numbers are not
      significantly increased over controls at 49 days, but by 90 HL diet days, they
      have increased to eightfold over control values. Throughout the 90 days, about
      95% of the cells in the ICM or ICM-lesions are smooth muscle cells. Monocytes
      appear to constitute no more than 5% of the cells. Calculated lesion cell deaths
      are small during the 90 days, and foci of necrosis are rarely found. By scanning
      electron microscopy, the endothelial cell integrity appears to be maintained even
      over the ICM-lesions at 90 days. Calculations from tritiated thymidine LI
      indicate endothelial cell losses equivalent to 50% of the LI, but they are not
      significantly greater for the HL swine than for controls. We suggest, then, that
      the lipid in the ICM (or something associated with it) is the most likely
      candidate for the SMC growth stimulatory agent accounting for the increased
      tritiated thymidine LI and the great increase in ICM-lesion cell numbers between
      HL diet days 49 and 90. Platelet- and/or monocyte-derived growth factors may also
      be involved in some subtle fashion, but this study provides no positive evidence
      to support this hypothesis. Progression of the ICM-derived lesions to the
      advanced atheromatous phase by 300 days on HL diet appears to be a much more
      complex process. By 300 days in the specific experiment cited, approximately 65%
      of the atherosclerotic lesion volume consisted of lipid-rich calcific necrotic
      debris; calculated death rates of lesion cells were very high compared to that at
      90 days; calculated endothelial cell loss rates were considerably higher than in
      controls; and, large numbers of monocyte-macrophages were present in many areas
      generally associated with necrotic foci. These changes in the aggregate suggest a
      much more complex mode of pathogenesis for progression to advanced stages than
      for initiation and early development.

PMID- 3865614
TI  - Lipoprotein responses and artery wall responses as factors affecting the
      development of atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3865615
TI  - Macrophage foam cells in the coronary artery intima of human infants.

PMID- 3865616
TI  - Proteoglycans and potential mechanisms related to atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3865617
TI  - Foam cell characteristics in coronary arteries and aortas of White Carneau
      pigeons with moderate hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 3865618
TI  - Mapping of the gene coding for the human GM2 activator protein to chromosome 5.
AB  - The gene coding for the GM2 activator protein has been mapped to human chromosome
      5, using an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) to identify the human
      protein in human-mouse somatic cell hybrids.

PMID- 3865619
TI  - Genetic and population structure of four Sardinian villages.
AB  - Data on microgeographic population structure on four neighbouring villages of
      Sardinia island (Italy) are presented and discussed. Two villages are located in
      the lowlands where malaria from Plasmodium falciparum was endemic until the
      eradication of paludism. The other two villages are located in the highlands and
      they were malaria-free because of the altitude. Census data, inbreeding,
      migration matrices and surname distributions have been collected. The genetic
      differentiation of the four villages, tested for 31 genetic polymorphisms (106
      alleles), is only in part compatible with migration rates inferred from
      demographic data. The possible adaptive nature of some genetic markers with
      respect to malarial resistance is discussed. Ambiguous results from population
      genetics quantitative methods do not support definite answers.

PMID- 3865620
TI  - Localization of the oncogene c-erbA1 immediately proximal to the acute
      promyelocytic leukaemia breakpoint on chromosome 17.
AB  - Using in situ hybridization, c-erbA1 has been mapped immediately distal to the
      translocation breakpoint on chromosome 17 in fibroblasts with a karyotype 46,XX,
      t(15;17)(q22;q11). Previous work has shown that c-erbA1 is proximal to the
      translocation breakpoint on chromosome 17 in the t(15;17)(q22;q12-21) in acute
      promyelocytic leukaemia. The oncogene can therefore be localized to the region of
      chromosome 17 between the breakpoints in 17q11 and 17q12-21.

PMID- 3865622
TI  - Localization of the human aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase gene to the 2q31----2pter
      region of chromosome 2.
AB  - Analysis of hybrid cells containing fragments of human chromosome 2 has resulted
      in the regional localization of a gene for aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH).
      Hybrids prepared from a human cell line containing an established translocation
      have shown that AHH can be localized to the region 2q31----2pter.

PMID- 3865623
TI  - Possible changes in the frequency of the human ABO blood groups in Iceland due to
      smallpox epidemics selection.
AB  - The hypothesis is put forward that the low frequency of A and high frequency of O
      blood group genes in the Icelandic human population is the result of a selective
      disadvantage of A during severe smallpox epidemics. The hypothesis is supported
      by data from India in 1965-6, which show a marked selective effect of a smallpox
      epidemic against the phenotypes A and AB (Vogel & Chakravartti, 1971). The
      conclusion is drawn that the present-day ABO blood group gene frequencies of the
      Icelandic population should be used with reservation as markers in the study of
      the origin of the Icelanders.

PMID- 3865621
TI  - A genetic map of chromosome 19 based on family linkage data.
AB  - A large linkage group has been assigned to chromosome 19. The loci have been
      ordered using a two-point mapping analysis based on all available family linkage
      data summarized in the form of lod score tables.

PMID- 3865624
TI  - The affected sib method. IV. Sib trios.
AB  - The classical sib pair method uses the expected and observed HLA (human leukocyte
      antigen) haplotype sharing distribution in sib pairs, who are affected with an
      HLA associated disease, to make inferences about the inheritance of the disease.
      In this paper we present the expected HLA haplotype sharing distributions in
      affected sib trios, and sib pairs, from families with three or more affected
      sibs. The underlying model for both distributions, as for the classical sib pair
      method, is that disease predisposition is determined by a single allele at an HLA
      linked locus. The sib trio tests of hypotheses (additive and recessive), and
      disease parameter estimates (additive, recessive and intermediate), can be
      compared with those obtained from the classical sib pair analysis. In addition,
      the sib trio data allow parameter estimation for a general disease model to be
      made, if the data fall within the bounds of the expectation. This study forms the
      basis of later investigations which show that haplotype sharing of affected sib
      trios for two susceptibility alleles (negative complementation) model, which
      appears appropriate for insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), moves outside
      the bound of the single susceptibility expectations outlined here, whereas
      haplotype sharing values for sib pairs are bound by the single susceptibility
      allele expectations. Available Caucasian IDDM data have been analysed. The
      results support genetic heterogeneity of IDDM.

PMID- 3865625
TI  - Laboratory studies on the dissolution and interaction of fluoride from sodium
      fluoride tablets.

PMID- 3865626
TI  - Infant feeding profile and dental caries status of urban Nigerian children.

PMID- 3865628
TI  - Morphology of the nose of the child in profile in relation to the dentofacial
      elements.

PMID- 3865627
TI  - [Common problems of occlusion in pediatric dentistry. 1].

PMID- 3865629
TI  - Orthodontic status of school children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

PMID- 3865630
TI  - Clinical efficacy and safety of cefmenoxime in children.
AB  - Cefmenoxime, an investigational semisynthetic cephalosporin, was evaluated in 18
      pediatric patients with a variety of infections. There were seven patients with
      urinary tract infections, two with wound infections, two with osteomyelitis, two
      with abscess infections, one with cervical adenitis, one with hidradenitis, one
      with pneumonia and sepsis, one with periorbital cellulitis, and one with
      ventriculitis. A total of 16 (88%) patients had a satisfactory clinical response
      demonstrated by improvement in clinical signs and symptoms. A total of 12 (67%)
      patients demonstrated eradication of their infecting organisms. Of the pathogens
      isolated in these patients, 16 isolates were susceptible to cefmenoxime. One
      patient developed a generalized urticarial rash that resolved within 24 h after
      cessation of cefmenoxime therapy. Mean peak level in serum after intravenous
      infusion was 55 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 3865631
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cefmetazole administered intramuscularly and intravenously to
      healthy adults.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of cefmetazole, a new parenteral cephalosporin, administered
      intravenously and intramuscularly at a dose of 30 mg/kg to two groups of seven
      healthy volunteers were studied. Concentrations in serum were monitored over 8 h
      by a high-pressure liquid chromatography technique. The plasma concentration-time
      data were statistically fitted to a biexponential equation for both
      administration routes, and the data were analyzed by a two- and one-compartment
      kinetic model, respectively. For the dose range and the administration routes
      used, the pharmacokinetics of cefmetazole proved to be essentially linear, with
      clearances from plasma ranging between 3.8 and 12.5 liters/h. The mean maximum
      concentration in plasma after intramuscular administration of the drug was 90.1
      micrograms/ml at 0.7 h. The elimination half-life, about 1.3 h, did not show
      statistically significant differences for the two routes of administration
      studied.

PMID- 3865632
TI  - Cefotiam therapy of lower respiratory tract infections.
AB  - Cefotiam, a new cephalosporin, was evaluated in the treatment of lower
      respiratory tract infections in 29 patients. The bacteria isolated from the
      sputum of these patients included Streptococcus pneumoniae (31%), Klebsiella
      pneumoniae (31%), and Haemophilus influenzae (28%). Satisfactory response was
      observed in 90% of the patients. There were three treatment failures, two
      superinfections, and four colonizations with gram-negative organisms resistant to
      the drug. Superficial phlebitis was noted in two patients. The results of this
      study suggest that cefotiam is an effective and well-tolerated antibiotic for the
      treatment of lower respiratory tract infections due to susceptible organisms.

PMID- 3865633
TI  - Annual meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association. Boston, MA, 21-24 March
      1985. Selected abstracts relating to appetite research.

PMID- 3865634
TI  - [CA 15-3 is present as a novel tumor marker in the sera of patients with breast
      cancer and other malignancies].
AB  - As a novel tumor marker, we employed a quantitative sandwich RIA system utilizing
      two monoclonal antibodies (115D8, DF3) which react with a circulating antigen
      expressed by human breast cancer cells. The optimum condition for this assay was
      found be a 60 minute incubation at 37 degrees C for the first reaction and a 60
      minute one at 25 degrees C for the second reaction. Under these optimum
      conditions, intra-assay variation of control sera was CV 3.6% and inter-assay
      variation was CV 6.6%. The observed range of CA 15-3 concentration in 75 healthy
      persons was 7.5 +/- 3.4 units/ml (mean +/- SD) and mean +2 SD was 14.2 U/ml. Less
      than 15 U/ml was decided as the cut off level. The positive rate in 113 patients
      with benign diseases was 18%, the serum levels being less than 25 U/ml. Increased
      CA 15-3 levels in sera of 178 patients were found respectively, in 0%, 41%, 45%,
      50% and 75% of stage I, II, III, IV in primary breast cancer and advanced breast
      cancer. The sera of 10 patients with advanced breast cancer were collected
      regularly during a 2 to 4 month period. All patients with PD showed increased CA
      15-3 levels and four patients in PR showed a clear decrease of serum levels. In
      167 other malignancies, increased levels were found in 76%, 63%, 58%, 33%, 32%
      and 22% of the sera from uterine, pancreatic, ovarian, prostatic, lung and
      gastric carcinomas. The data revealed that serum CA 15-3 was clinically useful as
      a tumor marker especially a monitoring marker of advanced breast cancer, but
      presently the assay is not suitable for the early detection of breast tumors.
      Also its measurement seemed to be useful in ovarian cancer, uterine cancer,
      pancreatic cancer and adenocarcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 3865635
TI  - [Systemic chemotherapy with high-dose cisplatin and sodium thiosulfate rescue].
AB  - Intravenous bolus injection of an 80- to 120-mg/m2 dose of cisplatin followed by
      "rescue" with sodium thiosulfate (STS) was tried in the treatment of 7 patients
      with advanced tumor. STS was given continuously i.v. six hours after cisplatin
      injection, combined with methylprednisolone and metoclopramide as antiemetics.
      Four patients were evaluable, consisting of one CR, one PR and two NC. Severe
      nausea and emesis occurred in two patients and irreversible renal dysfunction
      occurred in one. The clinical use of the STS rescue regimen was discussed in
      conjunction with our basic investigation of "STS-rescue" in an animal model.

PMID- 3865636
TI  - Evaluation of oral and low dose intravenous prostaglandin E2 in management of
      ductus dependent congenital heart disease.
AB  - Prostaglandin E2 was given orally to 59 infants with ductus dependent congenital
      heart disease, and intravenous infusions were substituted for varying periods in
      27 of them. An additional three neonates received intravenous treatment alone.
      Mean oral maintenance dose was 27 micrograms/kg per hour and the mean intravenous
      dose was 0.005 micrograms/kg per minute. Mean duration of treatment was 49 days
      (range 16 hours to 272 days). Oral treatment was almost always effective and was
      especially suitable for long term use. Low dose intravenous treatment was readily
      substituted when indicated. Complications were usually 'minor'. Growth of the
      infants and of their pulmonary arteries facilitated later surgical management.

PMID- 3865637
TI  - Risk factors associated with the acquisition of sleeping sickness in north-east
      Zambia; a case-control study.
AB  - A case-control study identified 59 cases of Rhodesian sleeping sickness in the
      northern Luangwa valley of Zambia together with age- and sex-matched nearest
      neighbour and hospital controls. Birth outside the trypanosomiasis endemic area
      was not shown to increase the risk of acquiring sleeping sickness. Significantly
      more cases under the age of 20 years had lived outside the endemic area compared
      with neighbour controls, although this was not true for those over 20 years old.
      Ethnic group and main occupation did not differ between cases and neighbour
      controls. Fishing as an auxiliary occupation increased the risk infection.
      Members of the United Church of Zambia had a relative risk of acquiring
      trypanosomiasis twice as great as other religious groups, perhaps because their
      scattered churches involve more walking through tsetse-infected bush. Sleeping
      sickness cases said that there were zebras near their village significantly more
      often than controls, although zebras are not usually considered a likely source
      of infection. In a preliminary study there was no difference in blood groups or
      haemoglobin genotype between cases and controls.

PMID- 3865638
TI  - [DNA and Duchenne de Boulogne myopathy].

PMID- 3865639
TI  - Protein loss of bovine dental enamel during in-vitro subsurface demineralization.
AB  - A chemical system based on the dialysis principle was used to study protein loss
      of dental enamel during demineralization with an acetic-acid buffer solution
      containing calcium and phosphate, in which the fluoride-ion activity was kept
      constant. This resulted in a subsurface lesion, with a depth of about 130
      microns. After demineralization, protein material was isolated from the
      demineralization solution. u.v. Spectra of the protein showed strong absorbance
      between 240 and 300 nm. Amino-acid composition showed high glycine, glutamic
      acid, proline, serine and aspartic acid contents. After 10 days demineralization,
      the total protein loss was 3 micrograms cm-2; the mineral loss was 16 mg cm-2.
      Compared with the total enamel-protein content (0.06-0.09 wt per cent) protein
      loss (0.018 per cent of total lost material) was not proportional to the mineral
      loss, when a subsurface lesion was formed.

PMID- 3865640
TI  - Effects of iron deficiency on respiration of hamster cheek-pouch epithelium in
      vitro.
AB  - Iron-deficiency anaemia was induced in hamsters by feeding a low-iron diet
      coupled with weekly bleeding. Respiration, assessed by measuring oxygen uptake,
      was significantly reduced (p less than 0.002) in cheek-pouch epithelia from iron
      deficient animals. To relate data on oxygen consumption to cell numbers, the cell
      densities of the basal and maturation compartments were measured. The cell
      density of the maturation compartment in iron-deficient animals was significantly
      reduced (p less than 0.05), whereas that of the basal cell compartment was
      marginally higher than in control animals. However, the cell density of the
      tissue as a whole was similar in both groups. Thus, the reduced oxygen
      consumption in iron deficiency was not due to a reduction in cell numbers.
      Although there was a significant reduction in epithelial volume in the iron
      deficient group, this was not sufficient to account for the reduced oxygen uptake
      in cheek-pouch epithelia from these animals. It is concluded that iron-deficiency
      anaemia affects cell respiration directly, probably by interfering with the
      amounts and/or functions of iron-containing enzymes or cytochromes in the
      electron-transport chain.

PMID- 3865641
TI  - An ultrastructural study of cytodifferentiation in the developing human root-tip.
AB  - Transmission electron microscopy showed that in growing human teeth, the root
      sheath consisted of inner and outer epithelial cells. The inner epithelial cells
      formed a basal lamina associated filamentous layer which increased in density in
      coronal direction. Extensions of developing odontoblasts were in contact with the
      basal lamina. Direct contact with the epithelial plasmalemma was not observed.
      The odontoblasts obtained their fully-developed cylindrical appearance after
      making contact with the basal lamina of the inner epithelial cells. But, they
      possessed already abundant RER before these contacts were present, indicating
      that the differentiation of dental papillary cells into collagen-producing cells
      did not require heterotypic epithelio-mesenchymal contacts. After deposition of
      dentine, the odontoblast processes were withdrawn from the epithelium and the
      outer layer of root dentine. Differentiation of cementoblasts was observed in the
      dental follicle in which mesenchymal cells develop into RER-containing cells,
      migrating through apical root-sheath fenestrations to their final position
      between the continuous root sheath and outer dentinal layer. The findings suggest
      that all differentiation steps of odontogenic epithelium and odontogenic
      papillary and follicular mesenchyme proceed without actual contact between
      epithelium and mesenchyme.

PMID- 3865643
TI  - A morphometric study of submandibular salivary gland changes in streptozotocin
      induced diabetic rats.
AB  - The morphology of the glands in 9 male rats was studied after 3 months of
      streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus and compared with that of 9 control rats
      and 6 streptozotocin-treated, non-diabetic rats which served as controls for any
      effect of streptozotocin not due to diabetes mellitus. In the diabetic group,
      mean salivary-gland weight and volume was reduced. There was an increase in the
      ratio of mean volume to total gland volume for seromucous acini (p less than
      0.01), intra-lobular striated ducts (p less than 0.001), fat (p less than 0.001)
      and blood vessels (p less than 0.01), and a decrease in both granular duct (p
      less than 0.001) and intercalated duct (p less than 0.01) volume ratios. There
      was a marked reduction in the total length of granular ducts (p less than 0.001)
      and an increase in the length of striated ducts (p less than 0.001). Measurements
      from the streptozotocin-treated, non-diabetic group did not differ significantly
      from those of controls. These effects may be attributable to failure of growth
      and chronic sodium depletion.

PMID- 3865642
TI  - The mitogenicity for murine splenocytes of specific surface components of the
      oral periodontopathic bacterium, Actinomyces viscosus.
AB  - Many characterized fractions obtained from A. viscosus were examined to identify
      the macromolecules responsible for mitogenicity for lymphocytes. Spleen-cell
      suspensions of CBA/J mice were cultured with 50-200 micrograms dry weight of A.
      viscosus strains T14V and T14AV cellular components. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
      (Escherichia coli) was used as a positive control. Mechanical disruption with a
      French pressure cell or sonication produced preparations with a stimulation of
      69,082 and 45,183 counts above background (CAB), respectively. Mitogenic activity
      was also present in the culture supernatant (38,000 CAB). Other poorly mitogenic
      fractions included the peptidoglycan, cell-wall fractions, muramidase digests of
      cell walls, and the microcapsule extracted from whole cells with 0.5 M MgNO3. The
      results suggest that mitogenic activity is not associated with the isolated cell
      wall structure. The activity was released from the cell surface by physical
      shearing forces, as well as released into the medium growth.

PMID- 3865644
TI  - Characteristics of rhythmic jaw movements of the rabbit.
AB  - The jaw-movement pattern of the rabbit during chewing foods of different
      consistency was analysed. The basic movement trajectory on the frontal plane
      showed a crescent loop, irrespective of the food type. Difference in food
      consistency exerted only minor effects on the maximum gape, extent of lateral
      excursion and the chewing rate. These parameters of jaw movement and also the
      duration of a single masticatory cycle (TCL) appeared to change with physical
      properties other than the hardness of food. On the other hand, the number of
      chewing cycles in a masticatory sequence increased with increasing the hardness
      of food. The TCL ranged between 250 and 300 ms (frequency: 3.3-4 Hz). When a
      single masticatory cycle was divided into three phases (opening, closing and
      power phases), the TCL depended more on the duration of the opening phase than
      that of other two phases.

PMID- 3865645
TI  - Freeze-fracture electron microscopy of non-myelinated nerve fibres in the human
      dental pulp.
AB  - Freeze-fracture replicas from the subodontoblast region gave a good three
      dimensional comprehension of the structure of non-myelinated nerve fibres. Each
      Schwann cell ensheathed 1-15 axons with a mean diameter of 0.4 micron (0.1-1.2
      micron). Many axons were not entirely ensheathed but were exposed to the
      extracellular space to various degrees. Tightening membrane specializations were
      not found in the mesaxons. The Schwann-cell plasmalemma exhibited caveolae with
      necks surrounded by evenly-sized intramembranous particles, typical of
      endocytosis. The nuclear envelope of Schwann cells showed a few typical pores and
      perinuclear cisterna. In tangential fractures, the axolemma displayed
      intramembranous particles evenly distributed over the axolemmal fracture planes.
      There was a marked difference in particle density between the P (600-650/micron2)
      and E (150-200/micron2) faces.

PMID- 3865646
TI  - Freeze-fracture electron microscopy of the nuclear envelope of the human
      odontoblast.
AB  - The nuclear envelope was studied in several planes on freeze-fracture replicas.
      The inner and outer nuclear membranes were similar. Each presented two fracture
      faces, one with a higher intra-membranous particle density than the other. The
      perinuclear cisterna was bounded by outer and inner nuclear membranes about 40 nm
      apart. The nuclear pores of 85 nm diameter were evenly distributed over the
      nuclei. The pore density (5/micron2) was low compared with that in many other
      cells, but was of the same magnitude as is reported for the rat odontoblast.

PMID- 3865647
TI  - Experimental study of the migration of charcoal particles in the human mouth.
AB  - Suspensions of charcoal in water, placed in the vestibule on one side of the
      mouth, spread within about 5 min to the dorsum of the tongue and the hard palate
      on the same side but did not cross the mid-line. When placed centrally under the
      tongue, the movement of charcoal was equally rapid but it spread over the whole
      surface of the mouth.

PMID- 3865648
TI  - Selective removal of low density lipoprotein by plasmapheresis in familial
      hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - Plasma lipoproteins were selectively removed from familial hypercholesterolemic
      patients by using two types of plasmapheresis: double-membrane filtration and
      selective adsorption of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low density
      lipoproteins (LDL). In both techniques, plasma was separated from blood cells by
      using hollow-fiber filters, and 100% of the VLDL and LDL was recovered in the
      filtrate. In double-membrane filtration, the second hollow-fiber filter trapped
      84% of LDL + VLDL, 48% of high density lipoprotein (HDL), 24% of albumin, and 46%
      of the remaining plasma protein. By treating 3 liters of plasma from a patient
      weighing 60 kg, 60% of the LDL and 30% to 40% of the HDL were removed as a result
      of an exponential decay of each component with the respective trapping
      coefficients. When dextran sulfate-cellulose was used as a LDL sorbent, there was
      only loss of LDL and VLDL, and no loss of any other major plasma component or of
      HDL. The sorbent column (400 ml) was saturated with 7.5 g of LDL cholesterol by
      treatment with 3.5 liters of plasma; the maximum reduction of LDL cholesterol was
      thus about 300 mg/dl for the patient weighing 60 kg. No serious side effects were
      observed during the long-term trials (19 to 27 months for four patients on double
      membrane filtration and 10 months for the two patients on dextran sulfate
      cellulose treatment.

PMID- 3865649
TI  - Apo E allele frequency in primary endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (type IV) with
      and without hyperapobetalipoproteinemia.
AB  - Apolipoprotein E polymorphism is responsible for the existence in the population
      of six apo E phenotypes determined by three alleles acting at a single gene
      locus. We have previously reported an enrichment in the epsilon 2 allele and the
      E2-bearing phenotypes in an unselected sample of subjects with primary
      hyperlipidemia consisting mainly of endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (Type IV). A
      study was carried out on 214 Type IV hypertriglyceridemic subjects to determine
      whether there was the same distribution in subjects with
      hyperapobetalipoproteinemia as in those without. The study showed that the
      relative enrichment in the epsilon 2 allele was associated only with Type IV
      subjects without hyperapobetalipoproteinemia. Since hyperapobetalipoproteinemia
      is a presumed marker for familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL), this finding
      may provide further evidence that FCHL and familial hypertriglyceridemia, both
      associated with a Type IV lipoprotein pattern, are truly separate disease
      entities.

PMID- 3865650
TI  - [Characterization of a control group for evaluation of the effectiveness of
      treatment of patients with osteogenic sarcoma].

PMID- 3865651
TI  - Antilipolytic effects of N6-phenylisopropyladenosine and prostaglandin E2 in fat
      cells of obese volunteers before and during energy restriction.
AB  - The antilipolytic effects of N6-phenylisopropyladenosine and of prostaglandin E2
      were studied with adipocytes of obese volunteers before and after 4 weeks of
      severe energy restriction [1250 kJ (300 cal)/day] in the presence and absence of
      adenosine deaminase (1.6 micrograms/ml, corresponding to 320 m-units/ml). The
      studies were undertaken to define more clearly the role that local modulators
      might play in adaptation of lipid mobilization to starvation in humans.
      Starvation was associated with an approx. 3-fold increase in non-stimulated
      lipolysis. Removal of endogenous adenosine resulted in a similar increase in
      basal glycerol release under both conditions, averaging 2 and 2.2 mumol/180 min
      per 10(6) cells respectively. The sensitivity of the cells to N6
      phenylisopropyladenosine and to prostaglandin E2 was not changed by starvation in
      the presence of adenosine deaminase. These results are discussed in terms of the
      possible role that local regulators might play during dietary adaption in human
      fat-cells in vitro.

PMID- 3865652
TI  - Effects in vivo of food deprivation and 3-mercaptopicolinate in the glycogen
      storage-disease (gsd/gsd) rat.
AB  - Intraperitoneal injection of 3-mercaptopicolinate into 24 h-food-deprived 27-week
      old female control (GSD/GSD) rats lowered the concentration of circulating
      glucose by 66%, but glycerol and lactate concentrations were increased up to 3-
      and 4-fold respectively. In phosphorylase b kinase-deficient (gsd/gsd) rats the
      corresponding changes for blood glucose, lactate and glycerol were half those
      observed in the controls. Although the concentration of liver glycogen (approx.
      12%, w/w) in the gsd/gsd rats was not altered during food deprivation, total
      hepatic glycogen was decreased by 17%. It is suggested that the gradual breakdown
      of the extensive hepatic glycogen stores during starvation assists in the
      maintenance of normoglycaemia in the gsd/gsd rat.

PMID- 3865653
TI  - Distribution of 3-amino-1-hydroxypropane-1,1-diphosphonic acid in rats and
      effects on rat osteosarcoma.
AB  - The distribution of 14C-APD and 99mTc-APD (APD = 3-amino-1-hydroxypropane-1,1
      diphosphonic acid) in untreated rats and in rats bearing intratibially
      transplanted osteosarcomas was investigated autoradiographically and
      scintigraphically. Also investigated was the effect of high doses of APD on
      survival time and tumor growth of osteosarcoma-bearing rats. Intravenous
      administration of APD resulted in high rates of APD accumulation in bones, tumor
      tissue and pulmonary metastases as well as in dose-related accumulation in the
      liver. No significant increase in the median survival time of tumor-bearing
      animals was achieved at the two dosage schemes tested, i.e. 2 X 23.5 mg/kg and 10
      X 11.75 mg/kg APD. The growth of primary tumors was slightly increased by
      administration of APD. The chemosensitivity of the transplantable osteosarcoma
      model was demonstrated by comparison with dacarbazine-treated control animals.

PMID- 3865654
TI  - Hypocholesterolemic effect of khellin and khelloside in female cynomolgus
      monkeys.
AB  - Khellin and khelloside (khellol glucoside) were examined in female cynomolgus
      monkeys to substantiate their ability to favorably modify serum lipoprotein
      cholesterol. Clinical chemistry parameters were also measured to obtain
      information indicative of possible drug toxicity. Both drugs were evaluated in
      two week multiple-dose studies and after a single oral dose. After two weeks at
      20 mg/kg per day, khellin and khelloside significantly lowered low density
      lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 87% and 73%, high density lipoprotein
      cholesterol (HDL-C) by 41% and 23%, and total-C by 55% and 44%, respectively.
      Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were not
      changed. No apparent toxicity was observed as clinical chemistry parameters and
      body weights were not different compared to control values. Similar results were
      observed with lower doses of khellin and khelloside. Khellin at 5 mg/kg per day
      reduced LDL-C by 50%, HDL-C by 15%, and total-C by 30%, while khellol glucoside
      at 10 mg/kg per day lowered LDL-C by 46%, HDL-C by 20%, and total-C by 31%.
      Neither drug produced significant changes in VLDL-C, TG, body weights, or
      clinical chemistry variables. A 2 mg/kg per day dose of khellin also had no
      observable effect in this study. Single oral doses (20 mg/kg) of khellin and
      khelloside caused modulation of LDL-C (-32% and -30%) and total-C (-18% and 
      15%). Visual observation of the monkeys during this study revealed that khellin
      caused emesis in 9/9 animals, while khelloside and control had no emetic
      effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3865656
TI  - Study of delirium at the University District Hospital.

PMID- 3865655
TI  - Lipoprotein and apolipoprotein distribution in Zucker rats following an endurance
      running program.
AB  - We examined the response to 12 weeks of endurance running of the obese Zucker rat
      and its lean littermate with regard to changes in serum lipids, lipoproteins and
      apoproteins. The obese Zucker rat is hyperlipoproteinemic, characterized by
      elevated serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels primarily associated with the
      very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction. In lean Zucker rats, training did
      not affect the concentrations of serum lipids or apolipoproteins. In marked
      contrast, obese Zucker rats that were trained had significant decreases in serum
      concentrations of triglycerides, free and esterified cholesterol, and
      apolipoprotein B compared to their sedentary counterparts. Training obese rats
      caused an increase in the serum concentration of apolipoprotein E (HDL fraction).
      In contrast, training did not affect the concentration of Apo E in lean rats. The
      VLDL fraction was most affected by training obese rats showing marked 50-65%
      decreases in VLDL triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol. HDL cholesterol was
      unchanged in lean rats whereas training prompted a 29% increase in obese rats.
      These data show that exercise training altered the metabolic abnormalities of
      obese Zucker rats which are responsible for the accumulation in serum of VLDL,
      lipids and apolipoproteins.

PMID- 3865657
TI  - Multiple myeloma terminating in acute leukemia: report of two cases and review of
      the literature.

PMID- 3865658
TI  - Gastric emptying in a diabetic: 99mTc sulfur colloid in solid meal.

PMID- 3865659
TI  - [Angiocardiographic diagnosis].

PMID- 3865660
TI  - Body weight set point theory.

PMID- 3865661
TI  - [The control of hypertension in Puerto Rico: progress toward the national health
      objectives for 1990 (IV)].

PMID- 3865662
TI  - Retinal stimuli in ocular accommodation.

PMID- 3865663
TI  - The use of C-reactive protein in spinal fluid of pediatric patients for the
      differentiation of bacterial from nonbacterial meningitis.

PMID- 3865665
TI  - Risk factors of atherosclerosis in children and adolescents.

PMID- 3865664
TI  - [Correlation between serum levels of amitriptyline and the Hamilton scale of
      depression using high-pressure liquid chromatography].

PMID- 3865666
TI  - [Diagnostic angiocardiography. Double outlet right ventricle].

PMID- 3865667
TI  - Electrocardiogram of the month. Atrial fibrillation or flutter-fibrillation.

PMID- 3865668
TI  - The use of whole cow's milk in infancy. Committee on Nutrition, American Academy
      of Pediatrics.

PMID- 3865669
TI  - [Effects of anticancer drugs on multicellular spheroid of 9L rat brain tumor].
AB  - The effects of the anticancer drugs Nimustine (ACNU), Aclacinomycin A (ACR),
      Adriamycin (ADM), Bleomycin (BLM), Cisplatin (CDDP), and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) on
      the multicellular spheroid of a chemically-induced 9L rat glioma was studied. The
      multicellular spheroid in which cells grow in vitro as three-dimensional
      aggregates represents a biological model, which is intermediate between monolayer
      cells in vitro and solid tumors. Spheroids were initiated in bacteriological
      grade petri dishes seeded with 10(6) 9L rat glioma cells, cultured for four days
      and thereafter transferred and further developed in a spinner flask. Spheroids of
      200-400 micron diameter were sorted and exposed for 24 hours to 5-FU and one hour
      for other drugs. After treatment both cytotoxic effect and growth delay were
      analyzed. Following disaggregation using collagenase, pronase and DNAase,
      cytotoxic effect on multicellular spheroids was measured by colony forming assay
      and were compared with those effects on 9L monolayer culture cells in the
      exponential growth. For growth delay assay, multicellular spheroids were
      individually transferred to 16 mm well containing 0.4 ml agarose base and 2 ml
      culture medium. Spheroid size was measured twice a week and growth curves were
      drawn. The growth delay was determined as the treated group vs. control
      differences in time required to a size four times that of the initial volume. For
      cells both in the monolayer culture and the multicellular spheroid, the dose
      response curve for ADM, BLM and 5-FU was "biphasic" and that for ACNU, ACR and
      CDDP "shoulder-threshold" type.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3865670
TI  - Hazards in dentistry: the great debate.

PMID- 3865671
TI  - Self-aspirating syringes.

PMID- 3865672
TI  - 'A toothbrush for patients with impaired manual dexterity'.

PMID- 3865673
TI  - Microwave sterilisation.

PMID- 3865674
TI  - Intraligamentary dental analgesia by dental therapists.

PMID- 3865675
TI  - Extrinsic tooth discoloration by metals and chlorhexidine. II. Clinical staining
      produced by chlorhexidine, iron and tea.

PMID- 3865676
TI  - The evolution of glass-ionomer cements.

PMID- 3865677
TI  - Multifocal eosinophilic granuloma presenting in the mandible.

PMID- 3865678
TI  - Orthodontics in general dental practice. A survey of attitudes in Glasgow.

PMID- 3865679
TI  - Letter from California--differences in dentistry.

PMID- 3865680
TI  - "Routine six-monthly checks for dental disease".

PMID- 3865681
TI  - 'Dental materials concern'.

PMID- 3865682
TI  - Case report. Absence of the upper right 1st molar.

PMID- 3865683
TI  - The effect of social class on attendance frequency and dental treatment received
      in the General Dental Service in Scotland.

PMID- 3865684
TI  - Dilaceration caused by direct penetrating injury.

PMID- 3865685
TI  - Financial implications of the 1985 GDS patient charging system.

PMID- 3865686
TI  - NHS patient charges and the privatisation of dental care.

PMID- 3865687
TI  - Characteristics of prostaglandin induced cough in man.
AB  - Inhaled PGF2 alpha and PGE2 were evaluated for relative tussive activity to non
      prostanoid tussive agents. In addition a comparison was sought between the
      present observations and those in the cat, the only laboratory animal which
      consistently coughs to prostanoids. Five healthy volunteers were repeatedly
      challenged at 90 min intervals with aerosols of PGE2 (100-500 micrograms ml-1)
      and tussive activity was monitored. In a second separate study again monitoring
      tussive activity 10 healthy volunteers inhaled aerosols of either PGF2 alpha (0.1
      100 micrograms ml-1), PGE2 (0.1-100 micrograms ml-1), acetylcholine (0.1-50 mg ml
      1) or citric acid (5-20% w/v) in a randomised procedure. Objective measurement of
      tussive activity was achieved using a throat microphone linked via a
      discriminator to a pen recorder. All four compounds produced two distinct phases
      of tussive activity, an early phase during challenge and a late phase 1-15 min
      post-challenge. Repeated challenges with PGE2, produced significant (P less than
      0.01) tachyphylaxis to the late phase responses only. Both PGF2 alpha and PGE2
      were approximately 1000 and 10,000 times more potent than acetylcholine and
      citric acid respectively for both phases of tussive activity. Tussive activity
      was accompanied with retrosternal soreness and tightness of the chest for PGE2,
      increased sputum for PGF2 alpha, and sore throats with citric acid. Although a
      correlation exists for man and cat with regards to the tussive potency and the
      early and late phases of PGF2 alpha activity no such correlation seems to exist
      for PGE2. The high tussive potency of the prostaglandins in man suggest that
      their local release in various respiratory pathophysiological conditions may be
      responsible for the accompanying coughs/irritancy.

PMID- 3865688
TI  - 3-(Bromoacetyl)chloramphenicol, an active site directed inhibitor for
      chloramphenicol acetyltransferase.
AB  - Bacterial resistance to the antibiotic chloramphenicol is normally mediated by
      chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), which utilizes acetyl coenzyme A as the
      acyl donor in the inactivation reaction. 3-(Bromoacetyl)chloramphenicol, an
      analogue of the acetylated product of the forward reaction catalyzed by CAT, was
      synthesized as a probe for accessible and reactive nucleophilic groups within the
      active site. Extremely potent covalent inhibition was observed. Affinity labeling
      was demonstrated by the protection afforded by chloramphenicol at concentrations
      approaching Km for the substrate. Inactivation was stoichiometric, 1 mol of the
      inhibitor covalently bound per mole of enzyme monomer, with complete loss of both
      the acetylation and hydrolytic activities associated with CAT. N3
      (Carboxymethyl)histidine was identified as the only alkylated amino acid,
      implicating the presence of a unique tautomeric form of a reactive imidazole
      group at the catalytic center. The proteolytic digestion of CAT modified with 3
      (bromo[14C]-acetyl)chloramphenicol yielded three labeled peptide fractions
      separable by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. Each peptide
      fraction was sequenced by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry; the labeled
      peptide in each case was found to span the highly conserved region in the primary
      structure of CAT, which had been tentatively assigned as the active site. The
      rapid, stoichiometric, and specific alkylation of His-189, taken together with
      the high degree of conservation of the adjacent amino acid residues, strongly
      suggests a central role for His-189 in the catalytic mechanism of CAT.

PMID- 3865689
TI  - Reactivation of human placental 17 beta,20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
      affinity alkylated by estrone 3-(bromoacetate): topographic studies with 16 alpha
      (bromoacetoxy)estradiol 3-(methyl ether).
AB  - Estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase and 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase,
      oxidoreductase activities copurified from the cytosol of human-term placenta as a
      homogeneous protein (native enzyme), were reactivated at equal rates to 100%
      activity following complete inactivation in the presence of cofactor (NADPH) with
      the affinity alkylator estrone 3-(bromoacetate). Reactivation was accomplished by
      base-catalyzed hydrolysis of steroidal ester-amino acid linkages in the enzyme
      active site. The rate of enzyme reactivation was pH dependent. In identical
      studies without NADPH, only 12% of the original enzyme activity was restored.
      Completely reactivated enzyme was repurified by dialysis. Enzyme in control
      mixtures (control enzyme) that contained estrone in place of alkylator was
      treated the same as the reactivated enzyme. Reactivated enzyme exhibited a 6.0
      fold lower affinity for common substrates, a 1.8-fold lesser affinity for NAD+
      and NADH, and the same affinity for NADP+ and NADPH compared to control enzyme.
      In incubations that included NADPH, the reactivated enzyme maintained full
      activity during a 20-h second exposure to estrone 3-(bromoacetate), but in
      identical incubations without NADPH, the reactivated enzyme was rapidly
      inactivated at the same rate as the control and native enzymes. The control and
      reactivated enzymes were inactivated at equal rates by 16 alpha
      (bromoacetoxy)estradiol 3-(methyl ether) in the presence or absence of cofactor
      (NADP+) and exhibited similar Kitz and Wilson inhibition constants for this
      affinity alkylator. Estrone 3-(bromo[2'-14C]acetate) incubated with native enzyme
      and NADPH produced radiolabeled 3-(carboxymethyl)histidine and S
      (carboxymethyl)cysteine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3865690
TI  - Biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids by human myeloid leukemia cells.
AB  - We have performed comparative studies of the neutral glycosphingolipids
      synthesized by three human myeloid leukemia cell lines, K562, KG1, and HL-60,
      which were metabolically labeled with [14C]galactose, to evaluate changes in
      neutral glycosphingolipid synthesis with myeloid cell differentiation. Individual
      neutral glycosphingolipids containing one to four sugars were purified by a
      combination of the following methods: diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex column
      chromatography, acetylation-Florisil column chromatography, and high-performance
      liquid chromatography using an Iatrobead column. Compounds with one sugar were
      analyzed by thin-layer chromatography on borate plates. This analysis showed that
      HL-60 cells synthesize only glucosylceramide, whereas K562 and KG1 cells
      synthesize predominately glucosylceramide, but also a small amount of
      galactosylceramide. Compounds with two to four sugars were characterized by
      treatment with exo- and endoglycosidases. The results showed that K562 and KG1
      cells are similar to cells from patients with acute leukemia in expressing two
      series (globo and neolacto) of natural glycosphingolipids, whereas the HL-60
      cells are similar to mature human myeloid cells in expressing only one series
      (neolacto). Therefore, human myeloid leukemia cells blocked at different stages
      of differentiation vary in their ability to synthesize neutral
      glycosphingolipids.

PMID- 3865691
TI  - Effect of pregnancy on oxytocin-induced release of prostaglandin F2 alpha in
      heifers.
AB  - The effect of pregnancy on the release of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) in
      response to oxytocin (OT) has been examined. Fourteen cyclic heifers received one
      intravenous injection of 1 IU OT (n = 6) or 100 IU OT (n = 8) 17, 18, or 19 days
      (Day 17-19) after the onset of estrus (Day 0). Five of these animals also
      received 100 IU OT at Days 6 and 13 to determine the effect of OT at different
      times of the cycle. Frequent blood samples were taken for 60 min before and for
      90 min after OT injection for the measurement of 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2 alpha
      (PGFM) by radioimmunoassay. The experiment was then repeated using the same
      animals at Day 17-19 of pregnancy (confirmed by the recovery of an embryo the day
      after OT injection). Following the injection of 1 IU OT, plasma PGFM reached its
      peak within 30 min with the increase significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in
      pregnant (1.13 +/- 0.10-fold) than in nonpregnant animals (2.07 +/- 0.27-fold).
      However, because only 3 of the 6 cyclic animals showed a response to 1 IU OT, the
      dose was increased to 100 IU in subsequent experiments. The animals that received
      100 IU at Days 6 and 13 had no significant increase in PGFM concentrations (1.18
      +/- 0.05-fold and 1.01 +/- 0.04-fold, respectively). At Day 17-19 the increase in
      plasma PGFM reached its peak 5-15 min after 100 IU OT and the increase was
      significantly greater in nonpregnant (3.23 +/- 0.17-fold) than in pregnant (1.21
      +/- 0.02-fold; P = 0.003) heifers. Six of 11 animals injected at Day 17-19 of the
      cycle showed a decrease in progesterone (P4) the day after OT administration.
      These data show that the release of PGF2 alpha in response to OT is suppressed in
      pregnant animals in vivo, suggesting an antiluteolytic role for the embryo in
      luteostasis.

PMID- 3865692
TI  - Progesterone and prostanoid production by bovine binucleate trophoblastic cells.
AB  - A procedure for preparing highly enriched suspensions of bovine binucleate
      trophoblastic cells was developed and data showing that these cells produce
      progesterone, prostacyclin (PGI2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were obtained.
      Approximately 200 X 10(6) enzymatically dissociated cells from bovine cotyledons
      were applied to the surface of a density gradient of 2% to 4% Ficoll-400 using
      the Wescor CELSEP sedimentation chamber. After 90-120 min of sedimentation at
      unit gravity, fractions containing binucleate trophoblastic cells were obtained
      and washed in HEPES-buffered Medium 199. Preparations of 90% to 100% binucleate
      trophoblastic cells were obtained routinely; viability was 50% to 80%. After
      incubation at 37 degrees C, concentrations (ng/10(5) cells) of progesterone were
      greater in those fractions containing binucleate cells than in those containing
      primarily smaller, mononucleate cells. Total progesterone secreted (mean +/- SEM)
      after 4 h by 1 X 10(5), 2 X 10(5), 4 X 10(5), 8 X 10(5), and 1.6 X 10(6)
      binucleate cells was 0.27 +/- 0.03, 1.01 +/- 0.09, 4.02 +/- 0.37, 10.31 +/- 0.92,
      and 20.96 +/- 2.23 ng, respectively (r = 0.997). Addition of 10% fetal bovine
      serum (FBS) or normal anestrous cow serum increased (P less than 0.05) production
      of progesterone by binucleate trophoblastic cells. Luteinizing hormone, follicle
      stimulating hormone, prolactin, thyrotropin, and 8-bromo-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic
      monophosphate had no effect. Binucleate trophoblastic cells also produced PGI2 in
      relation to number of cells incubated (r = 0.996). Time courses for production of
      PGI2, PGE2, and progesterone were similar. Aspirin inhibited production of PGI2
      and PGE2 by about 50% at a dose of 100 microM; FBS stimulated production of both
      prostanoids.

PMID- 3865693
TI  - Clonogenicity of normal and malignant hematopoietic progenitor cells after
      exposure to synthetic alkyl-lymphospholipids.
AB  - Alkyl-lysophospholipids (ALP) are synthetic analogues of natural
      lysophosphatidylcholine and represent a new class of anti-tumor agents. They are
      cytotoxic in vitro with a high selectivity for neoplastic cells which, in
      contrast to normal cells, lack an alkyl-cleavage enzyme to degrade the adsorbed
      ALP molecules. As ALP accumulates, it interferes with normal membrane
      phospholipid turnover and eventually causes disruption of membrane integrity. To
      evaluate the potential value of ALP in eliminating leukemic cells from remission
      marrows prior to autologous transplantation, we tested the effect of various ALPs
      on the clongenicity of normal human marrow cells and on promyelocytic leukemia HL
      60. A remarkable difference in the dose response to ALP of normal marrow cells an
      HL-60 was observed. After an incubation period of 24 h, the same inhibition of
      clonogenicity in HL-60 occurred at ALP concentrations 4 times lower than in
      normal marrow cells. Reducing the exposure time to 6 h enhanced the selectivity
      further: whereas HL-60 colonies were nearly completely inhibited at 16 micrograms
      ALP/ml, more than 50% of normal CFU-c and BFU-E were recovered after incubation
      with 48 micrograms/ml. No further increase in selectivity was achieved by
      changing the incubation temperature. Both thioether- and alkyl-analogues were
      active and no difference was observed between methoxy- and acylamino-substituted
      ALPs. We conclude that this selective cytotoxicity makes ALP compounds worth
      further study as purging agents in autologous bone marrow transplantation
      programs.

PMID- 3865694
TI  - Body image distortion in bulimia nervosa.
AB  - Body image perception was measured in 50 women with bulima nervosa and 19 age and
      weight matched female controls, using a visual size estimation apparatus. Both
      groups overestimated body widths, but not the width of a neutral object, and
      whilst there was a trend for bulimics to overestimate more than controls this did
      not reach significance. The part of the body most overestimated corresponded to
      the part most disliked in only a third of both groups. The bulimics without a
      previous history of anorexia nervosa overestimated body width more than those
      with such a history; this may be related to the fact that the former had a
      significantly greater weight index. Bulimics who were within 5% of mean-matched
      population weight overestimated body width less than the others, this difference
      reaching significance when compared with the heavier groups; a similar, but non
      significant, trend was demonstrated in controls. This may be linked to a greater
      dissatisfaction with body size. Duration of illness, frequency of bingeing and
      self-induced vomiting were not shown significantly to alter body size estimation.
      The bulimics who completed a 10-session outpatient treatment programme
      subsequently demonstrated a significant decrease in overestimation of waist and
      hip width.

PMID- 3865695
TI  - Neuroendocrine rhythms in a patient with the Kleine-Levin syndrome.

PMID- 3865696
TI  - Tourette syndrome and drug addiction.

PMID- 3865697
TI  - Acid maltase deficiency in adults. Diagnosis and management in five cases.
AB  - Five patients with adult onset acid maltase deficiency are described. All
      patients had developed their initial pelvic girdle symptoms late in the second or
      early in the third decade and some years later developed signs of respiratory
      insufficiency. Typically they were tall, had weak and wasted paraspinal and
      gluteal muscles with lower limb weakness. All were orthopnoeic with marked
      diaphragmatic weakness. In all patients characteristic glycogen vacuoles were
      seen in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Muscle biopsy was characteristic in only 1
      out of 4 cases and showed minimal or nonspecific features in 3. The diagnosis was
      confirmed by enzyme assay in muscle and cultured fibroblasts. Long-term
      domiciliary ventilatory support (25 patient-years) using a rocking bed or
      intermittent positive pressure respiration with a tracheostomy has allowed a
      return to work in all patients, with their clinical condition remaining stable.

PMID- 3865698
TI  - [Molded ceramics (the Cerestore system). 2: Clinical cases].

PMID- 3865699
TI  - Absolute: the new vinyl polysiloxane from COE.

PMID- 3865700
TI  - Modulation of cellular phosphoprotein profiles in transformation and
      redifferentiation of murine AKR embryonic fibroblastic cells.
AB  - Cellular phosphoprotein profiles from normal mouse embryonic fibroblast AKR-2B
      cells were compared to those of their permanently, chemically transformed
      malignant counterparts AKR-MCA cells, and AKR-2B cells reversibly transformed by
      transforming growth factor (AKR-TGF). Similar 32P-phosphorylation profiles were
      observed for both the AKR-TGF and AKR-MCA cells which were distinct from that of
      the normal AKR-2B cells. Dimethylformamide (DMF)-induced differentiation of the
      AKR-MCA cells resulted in a restoration of the normal AKR-2B phosphorylation
      profile to the malignant AKR-MCA cells.

PMID- 3865701
TI  - Phase I-II study of 13-cis-retinoic acid in myelodysplastic syndrome.
AB  - Eighteen patients with myelodysplastic syndrome received 13-cis-retinoic acid
      (1.0-mg/kg/day starting dose with 0.5-mg/kg increment escalations) in a phase I
      II trial. Two partial responses involving the erythroid series were observed in
      four patients with primary refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts. One of two
      patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia also achieved a partial response.
      No other responses were found in the remaining patients, which included eight
      with refractory anemia with excess blasts. In six patients drug toxicity
      necessitated termination of the trial. Four patients had unexpected drug-induced
      thrombocytopenia; three of these had low platelet counts before treatment. Two of
      the six patients had other toxic effects. Further studies are warranted to
      evaluate the effectiveness of 13-cis-retinoic acid in patients with refractory
      anemia with ring sideroblasts and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. At moderate
      doses significant toxic effects, including thrombocytopenia, are not uncommon.

PMID- 3865702
TI  - Effectiveness of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia induction chemotherapy in acute
      lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Twelve adults with newly diagnosed acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) received a
      combination of daunorubicin, cytarabine, and 6-thioguanine (DAT) as induction
      chemotherapy. Eleven patients (91%) gained complete remission (ten patients after
      a single course of treatment). Because DAT alone seems effective in ALL, the
      combination of vincristine, prednisone, and DAT could improve the complete
      remission rate. Moreover, the resulting early leukemic cytoreduction could
      enhance remission duration in adults with ALL.

PMID- 3865703
TI  - Initiation and progression of caries-like lesions of enamel: effect of periodic
      treatment with synthetic saliva and sodium fluoride.

PMID- 3865704
TI  - Lesion formation and lesion remineralization in enamel under constant composition
      conditions. A new technique with applications.

PMID- 3865705
TI  - Effect of saliva substitutes upon binding of selected oral bacteria to
      hydroxyapatite.

PMID- 3865706
TI  - Measurements of alkaline phosphatase activity in fetal bovine enamel.

PMID- 3865707
TI  - A simple model for root caries and alveolar bone recession in rats.

PMID- 3865708
TI  - Development of dental fluorosis according to age at start of fluoride
      administration.

PMID- 3865709
TI  - Influence of xylitol- and/or fluoride-containing toothpastes on the
      remineralization of surface softened enamel defects in vivo.

PMID- 3865710
TI  - Measurement of human plaque acidity: comparison of interdental touch and
      indwelling electrodes.

PMID- 3865711
TI  - In vivo plaque formation on enamel surfaces treated with topical fluoride agents.

PMID- 3865712
TI  - Intermolecular exon ligation of the rRNA precursor of Tetrahymena:
      oligonucleotides can function as 5' exons.
AB  - The dinucleotide CpUOH, when incubated with self-splicing Tetrahymena pre-rRNA in
      the absence of GTP, functions as a 5' exon. It cleaves the precursor exactly at
      the 3' splice site and becomes covalently ligated to the 3' exon. Other
      oligonucleotides with sequences that resemble CUCUCU, the sequence at the 3' end
      of the 5' exon, can add to the 3' exon in this reaction. Such splicing in trans
      is most readily explained by a site within the intervening sequence that binds
      the last few nucleotides of the 5' exon. This binding site functions in splice
      site recognition and is also part of the active site of the ribozyme. The
      mechanism by which 5' splice sites are selected in Tetrahymena rRNA and group I
      mitochondrial RNA splicing is like that used in nuclear mRNA splicing, in that it
      involves specific pairing of bases adjacent to the splice site with a
      complementary RNA sequence.

PMID- 3865713
TI  - Dental manpower: defining dentistry's changing role.

PMID- 3865714
TI  - Quick replacement of the first primary molar.

PMID- 3865715
TI  - The isolation of natural killer (NK)-resistant variants of the K562 cell line by
      mutagenesis and selection with antibodies which inhibit NK cell-mediated lysis.
AB  - Mechanisms involved in the lysis of tumor cells by natural killer (NK) cells were
      investigated by using mutagenized K562 targets resistant to the effects of NK
      cells. K562 cells were treated with the mutagen methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)
      and, to select for resistant mutants, rabbit anti-idiotypic (anti-id) antibodies
      were used. This anti-id was raised to a monoclonal antibody 9.1C3 which itself
      blocked lysis by NK cells by binding to the effector cells; the anti-id inhibited
      killing by binding to the K562 targets, presumably to a cell surface protein
      relevant to a secondary event in the NK lytic pathway. MMS-derived mutants showed
      a heterogeneity of staining with the anti-id, allowing the antibody to be used
      with flow cytometry to select a population of K562 cells relatively negative in
      antigen expression. The degree of reactivity of K562 cultures with the anti-id
      antiserum and the resistance to lysis by NK cells were inversely related.
      Cultures of NK-resistant K562 cells with low expression of the anti-id structure
      were cloned by limiting dilution: 96 clones were analyzed and one subclone, C9/2,
      which was six-to sevenfold less sensitive to lysis than the parental K562 cell
      line, was used in further studies by cold target inhibition and single cell
      binding assays. The increased resistance to lysis of C9/2 was not due to a
      reduced expression of target recognition structures, and resistance could not be
      overcome by prolonging the time allowed for lysis to 18 hr nor by adding
      exogenous recombinant leukocyte interferon. Killing of the NK-resistant variant
      was inhibited by mannose-6-phosphate but not by the monoclonal antibody against
      which the anti-id antibody was raised. It is therefore suggested that the
      structure on the K562 cells recognized by the anti-id antibodies is a novel
      secondary receptor which is important in the later stages of the NK cell
      cytolytic cascade.

PMID- 3865716
TI  - Heterogeneity of human natural killer recognition demonstrated by cloned effector
      cells and differential blocking of cytotoxicity with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) against cell surface determinants were employed to
      investigate the specificity of natural killer (NK)-like lysis by cloned human
      effector cells recognizing only K562, only HSB2, or both K562 and HSB2 target
      cells. MoAb W6/32.HL, TU39, YD1/48.HLK, and anti-Tac failed to inhibit lysis
      despite the expression of antigens bound by these MoAb on the effector cell
      surface. MoAb OKT3 moderately (less than or equal to 50%) blocked lysis of K562
      and HSB2 targets, whereas MoAb 13.1, which binds T200 molecules, strongly (up to
      95%) blocked lysis of K562, but not HSB2, targets. MoAb 13.1 inhibited lysis by
      clones which killed only K562, as well as lysis by those which killed both HSB2
      and K562. In the latter case, however, only lysis of K562 was inhibited. Taken
      together, these results may suggest the existence of multiple receptor
      specificities on a single NK-active clone.

PMID- 3865717
TI  - Cross infection risks and their control in dentistry. An overview.

PMID- 3865718
TI  - Heat and heat/pressure sterilization.

PMID- 3865719
TI  - Barrier techniques for infection control.

PMID- 3865720
TI  - Chemical disinfecting/sterilizing agents.

PMID- 3865721
TI  - Surface disinfection and disinfectants.

PMID- 3865722
TI  - Infection control in dental laboratory procedures.

PMID- 3865723
TI  - Summary of infection control techniques.

PMID- 3865724
TI  - Endodontics and the law.

PMID- 3865725
TI  - The California dental practice and the employee/employer relationship.

PMID- 3865727
TI  - Developing the association agreement.

PMID- 3865726
TI  - Achieving financial goals through effective appointment scheduling.

PMID- 3865728
TI  - The malpractice crisis: where it stands.

PMID- 3865729
TI  - Malpractice litigation--a practice management dilemma.

PMID- 3865730
TI  - How to get paid first when you're always the last.

PMID- 3865731
TI  - Overview of advanced cardiac life support.

PMID- 3865732
TI  - Evolving the health-centered practice.

PMID- 3865733
TI  - Today's marketing--cachet of disaster?

PMID- 3865734
TI  - Changes in the adhesive behavior of human osteosarcoma clonal cell lines upon
      prolonged in vitro culture recovered by cloning.

PMID- 3865735
TI  - [Surgical treatment of the primary lesion].

PMID- 3865736
TI  - [Experience with Rosen's T10 protocol in 5 French institutions].

PMID- 3865737
TI  - [Results of treatment of 40 children with osteosarcomas in Switzerland].

PMID- 3865738
TI  - [Current controversies regarding the treatment of primary osteosarcoma by
      chemotherapy].

PMID- 3865739
TI  - [Filariasis in Gabon: treatment with mebendazole of filariasis due to M. perstans
      and Loa loa].
AB  - Mebendazole (Vermox 500) in long duration treatment 2 g/day for 3 to 4 weeks, is
      sometimes indicated in therapy of Loa Loa filariasis but remains the only active
      therapy on M. perstans filariasis. The perfect product tolerance and efficacy
      allow large indication in treatment of this last filariasis, the most often found
      in Gabon (Central Africa).

PMID- 3865740
TI  - Effect of thiamylal and diazepam on release of myoglobin and creatine
      phosphokinase by succinylcholine chloride during halothane anesthesia.
AB  - The effects of thiamylal and diazepam on the release of myoglobin and creatine
      phosphokinase following the administration of succinylcholine chloride during
      halothane anesthesia were studied. Thirty patients receiving halothane anesthesia
      were divided into three groups. In Group I, 1.5-2 mg/kg of thiamylal were given
      intravenously as pretreatment before the injection of succinylcholine chloride.
      In Group II, 0.3 mg/kg of diazepam were given and, in Group III, only
      succinylcholine chloride was injected. A significant increase in the serum
      myoglobin and creatine phosphokinase levels was observed in all groups. However,
      the values in Group I were significantly lower than those in Groups II and III
      and a significant difference was not detected between Group II and III. Our
      results indicate that thiamylal has a considerable inhibitory effect on the
      release of myoglobin and creatine phosphokinase from the muscle following the
      administration of succinylcholine chloride.

PMID- 3865741
TI  - Autoradiographic study of iron transport in rat incisor enamel.
AB  - An autoradiographic study using 55Fe was performed to investigate the
      distribution of iron in the ameloblasts and enamel of rat incisors. The study of
      methodological problems of 55Fe autoradiography revealed that in the
      undecalcified sections, the radiation by 55Fe within the ameloblasts and
      pigmented enamel produced grain scattering over the facing enamel surface and
      ameloblasts, respectively. The findings indicate that the autoradiographic
      observation of the enamel surface should be made using the incisors freed from
      the enamel organ and that the observation of the ameloblasts should be done in
      the region other than the zone of enamel pigmentation. After the 55Fe injection,
      55Fe incorporation into the ameloblasts was observed in the maturation stage,
      reaching the maximum at 24 hours. The peak of 55Fe distribution in the
      ameloblasts moved from the early stage to the later stage of maturation between
      24 hours and 7 days after the injection. At 3 and 7 days after the 55Fe
      injection, 55Fe was deposited markedly on the enamel surface at the end of
      maturation where the enamel pigmentation occurs. The present study established
      the utility of 55Fe autoradiography when applied on the undecalcified section of
      rat incisors and it was demonstrated that iron is incorporated into the
      maturation ameloblasts and secreted onto the enamel surface at the end of
      maturation.

PMID- 3865742
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of molsidomine on weight sustaining isometric exercise in
      patients with ischemic heart disease.
AB  - Hemodynamic effects of 2 mg of sublingual molsidomine were evaluated in 11
      patients with ischemic heart disease using a weight-sustaining isometric exercise
      (WSIE) that we developed. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), mean
      pulmonary pressure, mean systemic arterial pressure (mAP), cardiac index and
      stroke work index increased significantly during WSIE before and after
      molsidomine. Although WSIE resulted in a similar rise of mAP before and after
      molsidomine, the increment value of LVEDP during WSIE was significantly lower
      after molsidomine. The recovery time to the resting state of all parameters was
      shorter and the left ventricular function curves showed a leftward deviation with
      molsidomine. In conclusion, the results suggest that molsidomine will produce a
      preload reduction and improve the left ventricular function during WSIE in
      patients with ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 3865743
TI  - Serum levels of lipids and apolipoproteins in angiographycally defined ischemic
      heart disease.
AB  - To determine the predictive risk factors of the severity of the coronary artery
      disease, the serum levels of lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein were
      measured in 103 patients undergoing coronary angiography examination for
      suspected myocardial ischemia. The extent and severity of the coronary artery
      disease (CAD) were assessed by assigning scores to each lesion. Twenty-six female
      patients (59 +/- 8 yrs.) showed a stronger relationship of apo B and apo A-I/B to
      the coronary scores than the 77 male patients (57 +/- 8 yrs.). The male patients
      were divided into four groups based on the coronary scores: H-CAD (range: over 11
      points), M-CAD (5-10 points), L-CAD (1-4 points) and N-CAD (0 point). The
      atherogenic risk factors other than the abnormalities in lipid metabolism
      (obesity index, fasting plasma glucose, smoking and blood pressure) were well
      matched in the four groups. T.C., LDL-C., HDL-C., HDL2-C., apo B, apo A-I/B ratio
      and apo A-II/B ratio significantly differed in the H-CAD and N-CAD groups. These
      results indicate that T.C., LDL-C., HDL-C., HDL2-C., apo B, apo A-I/B ratio and
      apo A-II/B ratio are predictive risk factors of the coronary heart disease.
      Furthermore, apo B and apo A-I/B ratio significantly differed in the H-CAD and L
      CAD groups. These results suggest that apo B and apo A-I/B ratio may be good
      discriminators of the severity of the coronary heart disease.

PMID- 3865744
TI  - Microscopic and elemental analysis of deposits on extended wear soft contact
      lenses.

PMID- 3865745
TI  - CW 79 extended wear contact lens for the correction of aphakia.

PMID- 3865746
TI  - Clinical fitting characteristics of extended wear silicone (Silsight) lenses.

PMID- 3865747
TI  - Correction of pediatric aphakia with silicone contact lenses.

PMID- 3865748
TI  - Permaflex lens for extended wear in myopia.

PMID- 3865749
TI  - Sequential quantitative EEG analysis in acute lymphocytic leukemia of children.
AB  - Potential brain toxicity is a major concern in the treatment of acute lymphocytic
      leukemia with cranial irradiation or intrathecal methotrexate. We used
      quantitative EEG analysis based on the Fourier transform to study 13 children at
      the time of diagnosis, after induction, and following consolidation which
      included extended intrathecal chemotherapy. None had detectable CNS infiltration
      by leukemia. Nonetheless, initial EEG frequencies were markedly depressed
      compared to expected values for age (p less than .001), and improved dramatically
      after induction (p less than .001). Following consolidation, EEG frequencies
      remained significantly lower than predicted from a control population (p less
      than .05). Quantitative EEG is a sensitive procedure that appears useful in
      assessing subtle neurologic effects of acute leukemia and its treatment.

PMID- 3865750
TI  - Association of HLA antigens with thyrotoxic Graves' disease and periodic
      paralysis in Hong Kong Chinese.
AB  - The HLA-A and -B antigen distribution in 132 Hong Kong Chinese patients with
      Graves' disease, including 24 with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, was compared
      with that in 110 controls. The HLA-DR antigen distribution in 68 patients was
      compared with that in 47 controls. The prevalence of Bw46 was significantly
      increased in patients with Graves' disease and with periodic paralysis. The
      prevalence of DRw9 was also slightly increased but not at a statistically
      significant level. The high prevalence of Bw46 related to patients with early age
      at onset whereas patients with later age at onset had a significantly increased
      prevalence of HLA B5. It is suggested that Graves' disease in Chinese is due to
      two HLA-associated mechanisms in which early-onset disease is associated with
      Bw46 and late-onset disease with B5.

PMID- 3865751
TI  - Pseudoisodicentric bisatellited extra marker chromosome (tetrasomy 22pter----q11,
      trisomy Yqh), derived from a maternal Y/22 translocation. Association between
      this tetrasomy and "cat eye" phenotypical features.
AB  - A patient with multiple congenital anomalies suggestive of the "Cat eye" syndrome
      was found to have an extra marker bisatellited chromosome 22 derived from a
      maternal Y/22 translocation, identified by multiple banding patterns in cultures
      treated with DA. The proband's karyotype is 47,XX, + psu idic(22)(Yqter---
      Yq12::22p13----22q11::++ +22q11----22p13::Yq12----Yqter), t(22;Y)(p13;q12)mat.,
      being tetrasomic for 22pter----q11, and trisomic for Yqh. Similarity between his
      clinical features and reported "Cat eye" cases, confirms that this region is
      responsible for the phenotypical expression of the syndrome.

PMID- 3865752
TI  - An unusual case of X-15 translocation: evidence for the presence of an
      'activator' region on Xpter of man.
AB  - A case of an X-autosome rearrangement is presented in which part of the Xpter is
      deleted but the STS and MIC2X loci are retained. The normal X is late replicating
      in 97/100 lymphocytes and 50/50 fibroblasts examined. It is assumed that the
      initial X-inactivation in the embryo is random, but that cells with the
      rearranged X inactivated are selected against because inactivation spreads into
      the attached autosomal segment. This spreading, through the normally active STS
      locus, is hypothesised to be caused by deletion of a part of Xpter which is
      critical for the maintenance of activity of the Xpter region as a whole.

PMID- 3865753
TI  - Growth and development of long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia treated with and without prophylactic radiation of the central nervous
      system.
AB  - Two groups of patients with at least four years of remission following treatment
      of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with or without prophylactic cranial irradiation
      (mean interval of 8 years from diagnosis) were studied. Out of 41 eligible
      patients, 22 patients were assessed for pubertal staging, growth velocity,
      cranial computed tomography scanning, and complete endocrinologic status
      following stimulation with arginine or insulin hypoglycemia, TRH and LHRH. Group
      I (N = 9, 4 male, 5 female) had received systemic chemotherapy and intratheral
      methotrexate, but no cranial irradiation. Group II (N = 13, 9 male: 4 female) had
      additionally received central nervous system irradiation (2400 rads). All
      patients had undergone normal spontaneous puberty, and had normal levels of
      thyroxine, thyrotropin, dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone or
      estrogens, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, and
      cortisol. In Group I only one patient decreased his percentile height greater
      than 25% but he had normal growth hormone responses. In Group II, two younger
      patients showed growth deceleration with inadequate provocative growth hormone
      responses, whereas two pubertal patients developed growth arrest post diagnosis
      and treatment but had normal growth hormone responses. When Groups I and II and
      controls were compared as to the number of growth hormone samples greater than 5
      ng/ml, the peak growth hormone value, or the mean growth hormone concentration
      during the combined arginine-insulin test, no significant differences were noted.
      Brain scan abnormalities were noted in 3 out of 9 patients in Group I (33%) and
      in 5 out of 11 patients in Group II (45%). There was no correlation in either
      group between abnormal computed tomography scans and abnormal growth hormone
      secretory dynamics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3865754
TI  - Radioaerosol ventilation imaging in ventilator-dependent patients. Technical
      considerations.
AB  - The differentiation of pulmonary embolism (PE) from regional ventilatory
      abnormalities accompanied by reduced perfusion requires contemporary perfusion
      and ventilation studies. Distinguishing these conditions in ventilator-dependent
      patients is aided by administering a Tc-99m aerosol to characterize regional
      ventilation, and by performing a conventional Tc-99m MAA perfusion study. The
      technique uses a simple "in-house" constructed apparatus. Simple photographic
      techniques suffice, but computer subtraction of perfusion from the combined
      perfusion-ventilation image renders interpretation easier if aerosol
      administration follows perfusion imaging. Multiple defects can be examined in a
      single study. Excluding normal or near-normal perfusion studies, PE was thought
      to be present in eight of 16 patients after perfusion imaging alone, but in only
      one of eight after added aerosol imaging. Angiography confirmed the diagnosis in
      that patient. Of the eight patients who had abnormal perfusion but were thought
      unlikely to have PE from the perfusion study alone, two had normal ventilation,
      and subsequently were shown to have PE by angiography. Because angiography was
      only performed on patients who were thought to have a high probability of PE on
      sequential perfusion-ventilation imaging, the true incidence of PE may have been
      higher. Aerosol ventilation imaging is a useful adjunct to perfusion imaging in
      patients on ventilators. It requires an efficient delivery system, particularly
      if aerosol administration follows perfusion imaging, as it does in this study.
      The major disadvantage of aerosol imaging compared to a gas in intubated patients
      is the significant bronchial deposition due to retained mucus
      secretions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3865755
TI  - Liver-spleen scintigraphy in glycogen storage disease (glycogenoses).
AB  - Some forms of glycogen storage disease (GSD) primarily affect the liver,
      including types I, III, IV, VI, IX and 0. Scanning with Tc-99m sulfur colloid,
      while not being specific, does reveal some characteristic features. Most
      experience is with scanning in type I disease, though there are few reports in
      the literature. Six patients with type I, type III, type IV, and probably type VI
      disease are presented in this report. GSD should be considered in infants and
      young children presenting with hepatomegaly and abnormal liver-spleen scans.
      Sequential imaging is useful in following these patients. When focal defects are
      present, long term follow-up is indicated to detect hepatocellular
      adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 3865756
TI  - Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia presenting with hypercalcaemia.

PMID- 3865757
TI  - First clinical studies of a new prebrushing mouthrinse.

PMID- 3865758
TI  - Regulation of antibiotic resistance in bacteria: the chloramphenicol
      acetyltransferase system.
AB  - The evaluations of antibiotic resistance has been a subject of interest to
      workers in several disciplines. Our current understanding of the molecular
      biology of plasmids, phages, and transposable elements provides a basis for
      appreciating the range of mechanisms likely to be involved in the horizontal
      spread of resistance determinants through microbial ecosystems. Rather less can
      be imagined with confidence about the origins of the genes or the constraints and
      selection pressures operating at the level of protein structure. The CAT system
      illustrates the extent of variation possible for an accessory gene product which
      is required infrequently and which is encoded by multicopy and promiscuous
      vectors which can cross taxonomic boundaries. Still less is known with certainty
      about the evolution of genetic control of the expression of antibiotic
      resistance. While there are sound reasons for looking in detail at prokaryotic
      antibiotic-producing organisms such as Streptomyces to find the progenitors of
      present resistance mechanisms (44, 45), it seems likely that controls of
      expression have been acquired during the "passage" of selectable markers through
      more distant bacterial genera. The CAT system is illustrative of the variety we
      may expect to find in control strategies used by microbial systems generally. It
      might indeed be a surprise to find an expression mechanism operating in the CAT
      system (or for any other family of resistance genes) which was not illustrative
      of a general strategy exploited by essential genes specifying biosynthetic or
      degradative functions. There may be some truth in referring to the cat structural
      gene as a "cartridge" for the isolation and manipulation of promoter functions.
      It would seem that nature has been at it for some time.

PMID- 3865759
TI  - A pBR322-derived vector for cloning blunt-ended cDNA: its use to detect molecular
      clones of low-abundance mRNAs.
AB  - In place of the unique Pst I site in pBR322, we have engineered by GC tailing a
      unique Sma I site bracketed by Pst I sites. The resulting vector, pDE61, and an
      improved derivative with greater symmetry around the Sma I site, pDE613, have
      been used to clone blunt-ended duplex cDNA molecules in Escherichia coli in an
      efficient manner (5 X 10(5) clones from 1 microgram of double-stranded cDNA).
      When DNA is cloned into the Sma I site, the ability of both vectors to confer
      ampicillin resistance is lost. Evidence suggests that functional beta-lactamase
      is made only after the GC-rich sequence containing the Sma I site is deleted: an
      insert in the Sma I site prevents this. Libraries in either vector, with single
      or multiple inserts, can be used to generate amplified amounts of cloned
      heterogeneous cDNA for screening other "target" libraries in a non-homologous
      vector (e.g., a Bacillus subtilis vector) for cDNA clones of low-abundance mRNAs.
      Species as infrequent as 0.003% can be readily detected by colony hybridization.

PMID- 3865761
TI  - Examination and neurologic assessment of children with oro-facial trauma.

PMID- 3865760
TI  - [Blast crisis in chronic myeloid leukemia. Results with vindesine and
      prednisolone].
AB  - Nine patients with blast crises of chronic myeloid leukaemia were treated with a
      combination of vindesine and prednisolone. Vindesine, 2 mg/m2, was administered
      intravenously on two successive days each week and prednisolone, 60 mg/m2, orally
      once daily. Blast crises were divided into myeloblastic and lymphoblastic ones
      using cytochemical parameters as well as detection of terminal deoxynucleotidyl
      transferase. Complete remission was achieved in four patients, partial remission
      in one patient; in four patients treatment was unsuccessful. According to
      cytochemical findings, a therapeutic success was obtained in three of four
      patients with lymphoblastic and two of four patients with myeloblastic crises
      whereas no response to the treatment was seen in one patient with an
      undifferentiated type. Side effects of the therapy were frequent, but of only low
      degree and never led to interruption of treatment. On the basis of these results
      and from experience reported in the literature, the combination of vindesine and
      prednisolone can be recommended as the therapy of choice in blast crises of
      chronic myeloid leukaemia.

PMID- 3865762
TI  - Diagnosis of luxation injuries: the importance of standardized clinical,
      radiographic and photographic techniques in clinical investigations.

PMID- 3865763
TI  - The antibacterial effect of camphorated paramonochlorophenol, camphorated phenol
      and calcium hydroxide in the treatment of infected root canals.

PMID- 3865764
TI  - The relationship between dentin microhardness and tubule density.

PMID- 3865765
TI  - Histometric evaluation of odontoblast responses to Nobetec and Super Syntrex.

PMID- 3865766
TI  - Mandibular molar with merging mesiobuccal and distal root canals.

PMID- 3865767
TI  - Differences in apex formation during apexification with calcium hydroxide paste.

PMID- 3865768
TI  - Equine leucocyte antigen system: the future for clinical application.

PMID- 3865769
TI  - Equine leucocyte antigens in sarcoid-affected horses.
AB  - The distribution of equine leucocyte antigens (ELA) in horses affected by equine
      sarcoid tumours was determined and compared with unaffected controls. ELA
      haplotype W3,B1 occurred more frequently in affected riding horses of Irish,
      Swiss and French background. The combined data for the three breeds resulted in a
      chi 2 value of 20.35 (P less than 0.0005 after correction). Simultaneously, ELA
      specificity W11 was more frequently found in horses of Irish background, while W5
      was found in Swiss and French horses with sarcoids. The combined data for
      haplotype W3,B1 and/or W5 specificity demonstrated, in the genetically closely
      related Swiss and French horses, a highly significant difference in the
      occurrence of these haplotypes between affected horses and healthy controls (chi
      2 = 28.69, P less than 0.00001 after correction). Thus, the results strongly
      suggest that the predisposition of horses to sarcoid is associated with or linked
      to the major histocompatibility complex.

PMID- 3865770
TI  - Regulation of the inducible chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene of the
      Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pUB112.
AB  - Analyses of deletion mutants of the gene for chloramphenicol (Cm)
      acetyltransferase (CAT) carried by the staphylococcal plasmid pUB112 revealed a
      regulatory region, which is indispensable for Cm-inducible cat gene expression,
      located 70 bp in front of the CAT-coding sequence. This region consists of a
      possible ribosome binding site followed by an open reading frame coding for a
      peptide of nine amino acids and overlaps partially with an inverted repeat
      capable of forming a stem-loop structure. Deletion of the ribosome binding site
      and of parts of the open reading frame abolishes inducibility and results in a
      low-level cat gene expression, if the inverted repeat remains intact. Deletion of
      the 5' part of the possible stem leads to high-level constitutive CAT synthesis.
      The inverted repeat, therefore, exhibits negative control on cat gene expression
      whereas the preceding ribosome binding site is needed to enhance CAT synthesis in
      the presence of an inducer. These results suggest that translation of a leader
      peptide is a prerequisite for Cm-induced cat gene expression and that ribosome
      stalling on cat leader mRNA caused by Cm opens the stem-loop structure thereby
      releasing its negative effect on CAT synthesis.

PMID- 3865771
TI  - The complementary role of sequential 99mTc-MDP and 67Ga-citrate scanning in the
      diagnosis and follow-up of neuroblastoma.
AB  - Fourteen children with histopathologically confirmed neuroblastoma underwent 38
      studies using 99mTc-methylene-diphosphonate (MDP) and galliumcitrate Ga67 whole
      body scintigraphy during various stages of the disease. Ten patients (71%) showed
      99mTc-MDP accumulation in the primary tumoral site, whereas 11 patients (78.6%)
      showed 67Ga concentration. In 12 patients (86%), at least one of these two
      radiopharmaceuticals concentrated in the primary tumor. Nine patients had osseous
      or extraosseous metastases. All of these metastases (100%) were positive on 99mTc
      MDP scintigraphy. No 67Ga-citrate uptake was demonstrable in osseous metastases;
      only one extraosseous lung metastasis concentrated this radiopharmaceutical. 67Ga
      citrate was superior to 99mTc-MDP with regard to accurately demonstrating the
      extent of primary tumors. Only 99mTc-MDP indicated the relationship of the tumor
      to the kidneys and neighbouring osseous structures, providing early screening of
      kidney compression and possible damage caused by the tumor. From these results,
      we found these two methods to be complementary for the diagnosis and follow-up of
      neuroblastoma; their combined use resulted in high diagnostic accuracy and a
      considerable gain of information. We therefore recommend sequential 99mTc-MDP and
      67Ga-citrate scans for the diagnosis and evaluation of the primary tumor;
      periodic 99mTc-MDP whole-body scans should be used in the follow-up of treatment,
      and for discovering disease exacerbations and metastases.

PMID- 3865773
TI  - Meningeal leukaemia in the blastic phase of chronic granulocytic leukaemia.
AB  - A 51/2-year-old boy is presented with chronic granulocytic leukaemia and blastic
      transformation whose clinical course is complicated by meningeal leukaemia. In
      the authors' opinion prophylactic central nervous system therapy should be part
      of the initial therapy of blastic transformation.

PMID- 3865772
TI  - Peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity in diabetic children and adolescents.
      Relationships to metabolic control, HLA-DR antigens, retinopathy, and EEG.
AB  - To investigate incipient diabetic neuropathy, peroneal motor nerve conduction
      velocity (PMNCV) was measured in 61 diabetic children and adolescents whose type
      1 diabetes became clinically apparent before the age of 14 years. PMNCV in
      diabetic patients (48.3 +/- 5.6 m/s) was significantly lower than in controls
      (56.5 +/- 5.5 m/s), 23 diabetics (36%) having a value more than 2 SD below the
      mean for normals. There was a highly significant negative correlation between
      PMNCV and HbA1 levels concomitant with PMNCV measurement or mean annual HbA1
      concentrations preceding PMNCV. The relationship between PMNCV and the clinical
      score of diabetic control since the onset of the disease was also significant.
      Age, duration of diabetes and HLR-DR antigens were unrelated to PMNCV. EEG
      abnormalities and retinopathy, whose pathogenesis is different, were not
      necessarily associated with subclinical neuropathy. Being easy and sensitive,
      PMNCV determination provides the paediatric diabetologist and the patient himself
      with an important motivation to improve diabetic control.

PMID- 3865774
TI  - Phase I clinical evaluation of oral and intravenous 4-demethoxydaunorubicin.
AB  - Thirteen patients were treated with both the oral and intravenous preparations of
      4-demethoxydaunorubicin (DMDR). The drug was well tolerated in both forms.
      Neutropenia was the dose-limiting side-effect. Approximately 30% of the compound
      was absorbed when given orally. The maximum tolerated dose was 12.5 mg/m2
      intravenously or 50 mg/m2 (10 mg/m2 q d X 5) orally, given every 21-28 days.

PMID- 3865775
TI  - Effects of ACNU, a water-soluble nitrosourea derivative, on survival and cell
      kinetics of cultured HeLa S3 cells.
AB  - Effects of a water-soluble nitrosourea, 1(4-aminomethylpyrimidine-5yl)methyl-3-(2
      chloroethyl)-3-nit rosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) was investigated on cultured
      HeLa S3 cells with regard to their lethality and cell progression through the
      cell cycle. The survival curve of exponentially growing cells exposed to
      increasing concentrations of the drug for 1 hr was characterized by a threshold
      type of response (Do = 7.0 micrograms/ml X 1 hr, Dq 3.5 micrograms/ml X 1 hr).
      Throughout the cell cycle, ACNU exerted its main killing effect on cells in the
      G1 and G2 + M phases, whereas cells in S were resistant to the drug. The change
      in their age-response was due to the Do value of the dose-survival curve rather
      than the Dq. Effects of cell progression were also examined at a low
      concentration of ACNU (5.0 micrograms/ml), which allowed 80% of treated cells to
      survive. Delayed transit was observed in the S phase, and more markedly in the G2
      + M phase. The magnitude of these perturbations depended on the position of the
      cell cycle at which the drug was administered. Cells treated in the G1 and early
      S phases showed a much longer duration of S and G2 + M phases than cells treated
      in mid-S phase. Cells treated in the late S and G2 phases could normally pass
      through mitosis, but were subsequently blocked in the G2 phase following a
      prolonged S phase in the next cell cycle. These studies revealed that there seems
      to be some positive relationship of the effect of ACNU on cell progression and
      cell killing throughout the cell cycle.

PMID- 3865776
TI  - High-dose Ara-C plus VM-26 in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 3865777
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of epirubicin during repetitive courses of
      administration in Hodgkin's patients.
AB  - We studied the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of epirubicin (4'-epidoxorubicin)
      in ten patients suffering from Hodgkin's disease and receiving three successive
      injections of epirubicin at 15-day intervals in a combined chemotherapy regimen.
      Doses were either constant (35 mg/m2) or escalated from 25 to 35 and 50 mg/m2.
      Epirubicin metabolism was characterized by the presence of high levels of
      epirubicin glucuronide in plasma and urine. The area under the time-concentration
      plasma curve of epirubicin glucuronide reached almost that of unchanged
      epirubicin (mean ratio = 0.7-0.85), whereas the cumulative urinary excretion of
      epirubicin glucuronide was one-half of that of epirubicin (mean ratio = 0.45
      0.51). Repeating or escalating the doses did not change the levels of the
      glucuronide significantly. Only a trend towards higher relative levels of
      glucuronide could be noticed at the lowest dose. The pharmacokinetic parameters
      of epirubicin were characterized by a high total plasma clearance (mean value: 70
      85 1/hr) and a mean elimination half-life of 25-35 hr. Repeating or escalating
      the doses was followed by a slight increase of the total plasma clearance in most
      patients, without changes of the elimination half-life. The cumulative urinary
      excretion was 11-12% of the dose administered and did not vary significantly as a
      function of time or dose.

PMID- 3865778
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin in renal insufficiency.
AB  - The kinetics of pefloxacin has been studied after a single intravenous infusion
      of 8 mg X kg-1 in 15 male patients with various degrees of renal failure. No
      difference in distribution or elimination of the drug was observed between
      patients with mild or severe renal impairment. The mean volume of distribution
      (Vd area) and the mean plasma clearance were 2.03 l X kg-1 and 121.3 ml X min-1,
      respectively. The mean apparent elimination half-life was 13.5 h. These values
      are close to those observed in healthy subjects. No accumulation of the active N
      desmethylmetabolite was observed in cases of severe failure as compared to mild
      impairment; its apparent elimination half-life was about twice that of the parent
      drug. The efficacy of a 4 haemodialysis in 6 additional anuric subjects done to
      remove pefloxacin from the body was poor.

PMID- 3865779
TI  - In vitro and in vivo effects of kelatorphan on enkephalin metabolism in rodent
      brain.
AB  - Biologically relevant assays were used to compare the potency of kelatorphan (N
      [3(R)-[(hydroxyamino)carbonyl]-2-benzyl-1-oxopropyl]-L-alanine) as inhibitor of
      the peptidase-induced metabolism of enkephalins to that of bestatin, a non
      specific inhibitor of aminopeptidase and thiorphan, a highly potent blocker of
      the neutral endopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11) designated as enkephalinase. Kelatorphan
      almost completely inhibited the formation of the three metabolites [3H]Tyr,
      [3H]Tyr-Gly and [3H]Tyr-Gly-Gly produced by incubation of
      [3H][Tyr1,Met5]enkephalin with rat striatal slices. Co-administered with
      [Met5]enkephalin in mouse brain, kelatorphan was able to prevent by 80% the
      degradation of the exogenous peptide. Moreover, a mixture of thiorphan (1 microM)
      and bestatin (20 microM) or kelatorphan alone (20 microM) induced a 2.2 to 2.5
      fold increase in endogenous [Met5]enkephalin overflow after evoked depolarization
      of superfused rat striatal slices. In this assay, kelatorphan was the only
      compound to increase by 63% the basal level of released [Met5]enkephalin.
      Kelatorphan was about 100 times less potent than bestatin to inhibit the total
      rat striatal aminopeptidases, but as efficient (IC50 = 4 X 10(-7) M) as bestatin
      to inhibit a minor aminopeptidase activity resembling aminopeptidase M. Therefore
      the reported enhanced analgesic potency of kelatorphan with regard to the
      association of bestatin and thiorphan is very likely related to its ability to
      almost completely inhibit enkephalin-degrading enzymes (including the Tyr-Gly
      releasing peptidase) and to its better selectivity for the biologically relevant
      aminopeptidase M. Kelatorphan would be a valuable probe, preferable to the
      association of bestatin and thiorphan, to investigate the physiological functions
      regulated by a phasic enkephalinergic activity.

PMID- 3865780
TI  - Modification of behavioral response to intra-hippocampal injections of
      noradrenaline and adrenoceptor agonists by chronic treatment with desipramine and
      citalopram: functional aspects of adaptive receptor changes.
AB  - The present study investigated the effects of acute and of chronic treatment with
      desipramine (DI) and citalopram (CT) on the alterations in rat behavior in the
      open field and in the forced swim tests produced by intra-hippocampal
      microinjections of noradrenaline (NA) and adrenoceptor agonists. Chronic but not
      acute treatment with DI potentiated the stimulatory effects of NA on the rats'
      behavior in the open field test and in the forced swim test as well as revealed
      the excitatory effect of microinjections of phenylephrine at a dose producing
      insignificant changes when given alone. The depressive effects of clonidine in
      the open field test were antagonized by acute DI administration and reversed by
      chronic DI. No characteristic changes in the isoproterenol-induced increase in
      rat locomotion were observed following chronic DI since the antagonistic
      interaction was found after both acute and chronic DI pretreatment. Chronic
      though not acute administration of CT produced effects in the forced swim test
      similar to those of DI, i.e. excitatory effects of phenylephrine and clonidine on
      behavior. The data indicate a potentiation of excitatory processes in the brain
      limbic structure, probably mediated via alpha 1-adrenoceptors.

PMID- 3865781
TI  - Neurogenic mechanisms in control of the rabbit iris sphincter muscle.
AB  - The iris sphincter muscle is supplied with cholinergic, adrenergic and substance
      P-containing nerve fibers, all with a possible role in the control of pupil size.
      The functional significance of the various nervous components in the rabbit iris
      sphincter muscle was examined in vitro and in vivo. The contractile response to
      electrical stimulation is composed of several contractions, occurring along
      different time scales. Single pulse stimulation produced an atropine-sensitive
      twitch. Pulse train stimulation revealed two successive atropine-sensitive
      twitches followed by a slow, long-lasting contraction, sensitive to Spantide, an
      antagonist of tachykinins such as substance P. A guanethidine- and phentolamine
      sensitive contractile response to pulse train stimulation could be demonstrated
      in the presence of both atropine and Spantide. Only the Spantide-sensitive
      response could be completely exhausted by prolonged electrical stimulation. In
      vivo, neither the adrenergic nor the substance P-containing nerve fibres appeared
      to contribute to the miotic response to light since Spantide and guanethidine
      were without effect. This response was inhibited by atropine only.

PMID- 3865782
TI  - Bone remodelling and orthodontics.

PMID- 3865783
TI  - Maxillary hypoplasia in patients with cleft lip and palate deformity--the
      alternative surgical approach.

PMID- 3865784
TI  - Experimental nasal septum deviation in the rat.

PMID- 3865785
TI  - Occlusal support for the anterior bite plane during incisor retraction.

PMID- 3865786
TI  - Canine and incisor movement effects on anterior arch circumference.

PMID- 3865787
TI  - Articulatory disorders in speech as related to the position of the incisors.

PMID- 3865788
TI  - Effect of growth of the maxilla on that of the mandible.

PMID- 3865789
TI  - The relationship between masticatory function and craniofacial morphology. I. A
      cephalometric longitudinal analysis in the growing rat fed a soft diet.

PMID- 3865790
TI  - Perioral muscle action and the incisor relationship: a new method of study.

PMID- 3865791
TI  - Mandibular morphology and position in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A study on
      postero-anterior radiographs.

PMID- 3865792
TI  - The non-surgical treatment of internal derangement of the temporomandibular
      joint: a survey of 300 cases.

PMID- 3865793
TI  - Treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction and anterior open bite.

PMID- 3865794
TI  - Removable Herbst treatment of anterior disk dislocation.

PMID- 3865795
TI  - Sagittal appliances for distalizing buccal segments in adults.

PMID- 3865796
TI  - [Comparative experimental study of the effect of melatonin and 5
      methoxytryptamine on the thyroid gland of rats].
AB  - The authors studied the reactivity of the pituitary-thyroid system as influenced
      by melatonin and mexamine at varying times of photoperiod. It is concluded that
      the drugs under study had uncertain effects on rat thyroid function. It is
      assumed that different components of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid system
      experience seasonal alterations in the sensitivity to the action of pineal gland
      methoxyindoles.

PMID- 3865797
TI  - [An advanced method for the prevention of dental caries].

PMID- 3865798
TI  - [10-year experience with cryotherapy of lip cancer (1973-1983)].

PMID- 3865799
TI  - [Incidence of defects in amalgam fillings and their effect on the periodontium].

PMID- 3865800
TI  - [Incidence of femoral neck fractures in areas with optimal and low levels of
      fluoride concentration in the drinking water].

PMID- 3865801
TI  - Dental office sterilization: a review with respect for herpes, viral hepatitis
      and AIDS viruses.

PMID- 3865802
TI  - A report on eight years: formal training program for certification in expanded
      functions.

PMID- 3865803
TI  - Something new about something old.

PMID- 3865804
TI  - Staff salaries: national and regional survey.

PMID- 3865806
TI  - Common mistakes dentists make with retirement plans.

PMID- 3865805
TI  - How to spot the malpractice-minded patient.

PMID- 3865807
TI  - Where to invest to get the best returns.

PMID- 3865808
TI  - Are PPOs really bringing in new patients?

PMID- 3865809
TI  - Drugs in dentistry. Fluoride dentifrices.

PMID- 3865810
TI  - How to communicate quality to your patients.

PMID- 3865811
TI  - A business plan keeps your practice on the profit track.

PMID- 3865812
TI  - Ways to build your practice with cosmetic dentistry.

PMID- 3865814
TI  - Marketing means serving the needs of the patient. A DM interview with Bob Levoy
      by Belinda Wilson.

PMID- 3865813
TI  - Retirement planning: which option is best for your needs?

PMID- 3865815
TI  - Drugs in dentistry. Topical fluorides.

PMID- 3865816
TI  - Exclusive interview with Nikolaj M. Petrovic, President of American Dental Trade
      Association by John Watterson.

PMID- 3865817
TI  - An alternative method for polishing amalgam restorations.

PMID- 3865818
TI  - Interproximal subgingival cleaning by dental floss and the toothpick.

PMID- 3865819
TI  - Effects of a gel containing 0.4 percent stannous fluoride on dentinal
      hypersensitivity.

PMID- 3865820
TI  - Results of a head and neck examination. Evaluation of a tumor of the floor of the
      mouth.

PMID- 3865822
TI  - Third party audits lead to nightmares.

PMID- 3865821
TI  - Family practice: 3 brothers at school.

PMID- 3865823
TI  - Reimbursement plan gathers momentum.

PMID- 3865825
TI  - The right start in dental computing.

PMID- 3865824
TI  - Business promotions need to sell yourself.

PMID- 3865826
TI  - Patient newsletters: keeping in touch.

PMID- 3865827
TI  - Stress in practice creates discomfort.

PMID- 3865828
TI  - Targeted marketing helps finds patients.

PMID- 3865829
TI  - Symposium on ceramics.

PMID- 3865830
TI  - Double layer effect and other optical phenomena related to esthetics.
AB  - A number of optical phenomena have been applied to an understanding of the
      appearance of dental porcelain restorations. Chromatic adaptation by observers
      has been identified as a major source of error in taking shades under artificial
      light. The measurement of tooth color by means of an instrument appears to be a
      long range solution, but is not yet practical. Surface gloss interferes with the
      correct identification of tooth and porcelain color due to specular reflection.
      Diffuse illumination is recommended for color matching. The color of teeth and
      porcelain crowns is determined by the "double layer effect." This means that the
      apparent color is the result of diffuse reflectance from the inner dentin or
      opaque porcelain layer through the outer translucent layer. Therefore, changes in
      the translucency of dental enamel due to illumination or desiccation alters the
      overall color of the tooth. Chromatic adaptation, translucency changes, and the
      double layer effect appear to be the major effects rather than metamerism. An
      understanding of these effects is needed to improve the esthetics of dental
      restorations.

PMID- 3865831
TI  - Firing: a primer for dentists and office managers.

PMID- 3865832
TI  - Dentists say "yes" to licensure by credentials.

PMID- 3865833
TI  - Taking the pain out of relocation.

PMID- 3865834
TI  - Who are your patients?

PMID- 3865835
TI  - Solo dentists controlling costs, netting more income.

PMID- 3865836
TI  - Computer provides the human touch.

PMID- 3865837
TI  - A three-step approach to better cash flow.

PMID- 3865838
TI  - Cost-containment called dentistry's biggest challenge. Interview with ADA
      President-elect Kobren by H. Ronald Combs.

PMID- 3865839
TI  - Use tape recordings to evaluate treatment presentations.

PMID- 3865840
TI  - It's 9:05! Where's Mrs. Tuttle?

PMID- 3865841
TI  - The mouthstick: an extra-oral attachment for tetraplegic patients.

PMID- 3865842
TI  - Methyl methacrylate: a health hazard?

PMID- 3865843
TI  - Dermatomyositis associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - Dermatomyositis and polymyositis have been well established in association with
      malignant neoplastic disease. Most commonly, this association has been noted in
      patients with solid tumors rather than in patients with neoplasms of
      hematopoietic origin. We describe here a patient with chronic myelogenous
      leukemia who developed typical dermatomyositis, which responded to therapy with
      corticosteroids. This concurrence has been reported in only one previous patient
      to our knowledge. The nature and implications of the association of
      dermatomyositis and neoplasia are discussed.

PMID- 3865844
TI  - Effect of oral retinoid treatment on human natural killer cell activity.
AB  - Peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cell activity was screened in patients with
      non-malignant disorders of the skin who took oral etretinate or 13-cis-retinoic
      acid for up to 11 months. Compared to pretreatment values, the basic NK activity
      rose during the first 2 months of treatment, but thereafter returned to starting
      values. Interferon reactivity (IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma) was essentially unaltered by
      the treatment. It is concluded that moderate oral retinoid doses cause a mild,
      transient stimulation of this natural immune surveillance system in man.

PMID- 3865845
TI  - Is a caries vaccine still required?

PMID- 3865846
TI  - The evolution of cavity shape for minimal amalgam restorations.

PMID- 3865847
TI  - Orthodontics in general practice. The case for early assessment: 3. Treatment by
      specialist.

PMID- 3865848
TI  - Vocational training. 2. A profile of the new graduate and the Nuffield inquiry.

PMID- 3865849
TI  - [Diabetes and thyroid diseases].

PMID- 3865850
TI  - Color comparisons of composite resins of various shade designations.

PMID- 3865851
TI  - Analysis of camphorquinone in visible light-cured composite resins.

PMID- 3865853
TI  - The loss of residual monomer from acrylic orthodontic resins.

PMID- 3865852
TI  - Elastic and plastic properties of elastic dental impression materials.

PMID- 3865854
TI  - The role of phosphate and carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffers in the corrosion
      processes of the oral cavity.

PMID- 3865855
TI  - Flow stress and deformation hardening of triturated amalgam.

PMID- 3865856
TI  - Porosity, strength, and mercury content of amalgam made by different dentists in
      their own practice.

PMID- 3865857
TI  - A rapid scanning electron microscopic replication technique for clinical studies
      of dental restorations.

PMID- 3865858
TI  - Avoiding respiratory infections: regular hand washing is vital.

PMID- 3865859
TI  - The effect of gastrin, secretin and prostaglandin F2 alpha on the lower
      esophageal sphincter of dogs after Nissen fundoplication.
AB  - The effect of gastrin, secretin and prostaglandin F2 alpha on the canine lower
      esophageal sphincter (LES) after Nissen fundoplication was investigated by
      esophageal manometry. The gastrin-stimulated LES pressure was significantly
      higher intraoperatively 2 and 4 weeks after operation than the preoperative
      stimulation pressure. On the other hand, the prostaglandin F2 alpha-stimulated
      LES pressure 2 weeks after operation did not differ significantly from the
      preoperative stimulation value. At 2 weeks after Nissen fundoplication the LES
      pressure before secretin injection was significantly higher than the preoperative
      value. However, the LES pressure after secretin injection did not differ
      significantly from the preoperative stimulation pressure. Therefore, it seems
      that exogenously administered gastrin, unlike prostaglandin F2 alpha, stimulates
      the antireflux mechanism after wrapping of the gastric fundus in the Nissen
      procedure. It was suggested that secretin reacts against the new muscular
      sphincter substitute created by wrapping of the gastric fundus in the Nissen
      procedure.

PMID- 3865860
TI  - [Clinical significance of the tumor marker CA-125 for the preoperative diagnosis
      and postoperative management of patients with malignant ovarian cancers].
AB  - The ovarian carcinoma-associated antigen CA-125 was determined in 144 women with
      various gynecological tumors (ovarian, breast, uterine), by using the
      heterologous monoclonal antibody OC-125. In 90% of the malignant ovarian tumors
      positive CA-125 values were correct, whereas their negative values were correct
      in 88% of the benign ovarian lesions. In 90% of the 58 patients with malignant
      tumors, where it was possible to observe tumor marker concentrations as well as
      the simultaneous tumor behaviour, a good correlation was found. Therefore, CA-125
      serum determinations seem to be useful in the preoperative assessment of the
      importance of palpable ovarian tumors, as a parameter for evaluating therapeutic
      measures, and for early detection of recurrences of ovarian tumors.

PMID- 3865861
TI  - Mucogingival problems in children: three surgical techniques.

PMID- 3865862
TI  - Periodontal ligament injection anesthesia for extraction.

PMID- 3865863
TI  - Evaluation of a new matrix band and wedge for amalgam preparations having lingual
      or facial extensions.

PMID- 3865864
TI  - Prosthetic management of oral commissure burns.

PMID- 3865865
TI  - Sectional warm gutta-percha technique.

PMID- 3865866
TI  - Continuing dental education needs assessment: Minnesota, 1983.

PMID- 3865867
TI  - Ulcerated tongue.

PMID- 3865869
TI  - Lingual thyroid.

PMID- 3865868
TI  - Oral/dermal lesions.

PMID- 3865870
TI  - Case report. John Lickteig. Skeletal Class II Division 1.

PMID- 3865871
TI  - The functional matrix and stability in orthodontic treatment.

PMID- 3865872
TI  - Saving the face and the TMJ.

PMID- 3865873
TI  - [Chronic myeloid leukemia with nephritis and cryoglobulinemia].

PMID- 3865874
TI  - [Experimental studies on the therapy of rat myelomonocytic leukemia with
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and daunomycin (DM)].
AB  - The aim is to examine experimentally whether injections of LPS in combination
      with Daunomycin are effective on a rat myelomonocytic leukemia. Effects of
      Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), one of the major differentiation-inducing agents in the
      mouse myeloid leukemia cell line M1, were investigated on the cells of a rat
      myelomonocytic leukemia cell line c-WRT-7 in vitro and in vivo. It was shown that
      sensitive cells of c-WRT-7 cells changed remarkably into macrophage-like cells,
      which lost the growth potential by LPS-treatment, whereas such change and growth
      inhibition in insensitive cells of c-WRT-7 were not so remarkable by LPS
      treatment. Although the sensitive cells were extremely malignant in vivo, the
      sensitive cells treated with LPS in vitro lost the transplantability into the
      syngeneic rats. The sensitive cells by injections of LPS developed
      morphologically into macrophage-like cells in diffusion chamber i.p. in syngeneic
      rat. Injections of LPS inhibited the progression of leukemia in 60% of the rats
      which had been inoculated with the sensitive cells, whereas the leukemia
      development was inhibited in only 20% of the rats which had been inoculated with
      the insensitive cells and i.p. treated with LPS. Daunomycin, Aclacinomycin A and
      Vincristine induced phagocytic activities in c-WRT-7 cells, whereas Actinomycin D
      and Cycloheximide showed no such effects. Daunomycin in combination with LPS
      increased the number of phagocytic cells, whereas cycloheximide inhibited the LPS
      induced phagocytosis. Injections of LPS in combination with Daunomycin inhibited
      doubtlessly the leukemia-development in rats which had been i.p. inoculated with
      the sensitive cells, compared to the injections of LPS or Daunomycin alone. In
      conclusion, it is suggested that the effects of LPS and Daunomycin on the
      inhibition of the leukemia-development could be associated in part with their
      differentiation-inducing activities.

PMID- 3865875
TI  - Macrovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Pathogenesis and prevention.
      International workshop, Garmisch-Grainau, October 1984.

PMID- 3865876
TI  - Risk factors of macrovascular disease in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3865877
TI  - Long-term diabetes--associated factors in survivorship and mortality.
AB  - Patients with long standing diabetes mellitus were analysed in order to identify
      associated factors in survivorship and mortality. Two population-based
      investigations were performed. In the Erfurt district all 20 years' survivors
      (208 patients, survival time up to 42 years) were studied longitudinally. Within
      the total diabetic population of the GDR all 40 years' survivors (159 patients,
      survival time up to 59 years) were investigated cross-sectionally in a
      multicentre study. During a 12-year follow-up a 2,6 fold excess mortality was
      registered. Although most patients in both studies were insulin-treated type-1
      diabetics, death due to renal failure was observed only in 7%. In general the
      appearance of macroangiopathy was considerably postponed. Coronary heart disease
      represented the main cause of death (41.9%). Taking together both studies, to
      successfully overcome several decades of diabetes appears to be associated with
      age, age of onset, body weight, blood pressure, daily insulin dose, serum
      triglycerides, dietetic adherence and degree of compliance. In long-term
      diabetics, duration of illness exerts no prognostic influence. Some patients have
      survived for even half a century of diabetes despite additional atherogenic risk
      factors and bad compliance. Obviously, long-term diabetes is a multifactorial
      event including protective mechanisms yet unknown. Most long-term studies in
      diabetes so for have been based on case material from specialized centres (Oakley
      et al. 1974, Paz-Guevara et al. 1975, Dekkert et al. 1975) or have been performed
      without an epidemiologic background (Chazan et al. 1970, Ryan et al. 1970,
      Cochran et al. 1979). Due to unavoidable selection factors those studies do not
      provide representative samples of the diabetic population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3865878
TI  - Incidence of severe sideeffects during therapy with sulfonylureas and biguanides.
AB  - The most important side-effect of sulfonylureas is hypoglycaemia. According to
      surveys in Switzerland and in Sweden it occurs at a frequency of about 2 cases
      per 10,000 treatment years. Mortality is high, about 10%. The syndrome of
      inappropriate ADH-secretion has been observed almost exclusively during treatment
      with chlorpropamide. Asymptomatic cases of SIADH-syndrome are quite frequent,
      hyponatraemia has been observed in 6-10% of diabetics treated with
      chlorpropamide. The most dangerous side-effect of biguanides is lactic acidosis.
      It occurs significantly more frequent during treatment with phenformin compared
      to metformin. Metformin has been reported to lead to lactic acidosis in 0.4 cases
      per 10,000 treatment years; mortality is about 30%. Mortality of phenformin
      associated lactic acidosis is even higher, 70%. Both biguanides, phenformin and
      metformin, cause relatively frequently vitamin B12-malabsorption (in about 1/3 of
      the cases). However, symptomatic vitamin B12-deficiency is extremely rare.

PMID- 3865879
TI  - Five-year incidence of major macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The incidence of macrovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetics is high. At
      the end of a five-year observation period in the Schwabing Study 138 (26.5%) out
      of 542 reexamined diabetics suffered from a cardiovascular death, gangrene or
      myocardial infarction. Univariate and multiple logistic analysis revealed age,
      systolic blood pressure, and serum triglycerides as significant predictors.
      Duration of diabetes was only significant in type I-diabetics. Sex differences
      exist. In conclusion, a basis for preventive measures of major macrovascular
      complications in diabetes is given. Atherosclerosis represents the major cause of
      morbidity and mortality in the diabetic patient. Particularly overt and
      borderline diabetics are afflicted who constitute 10-15% of the population in the
      western industrial countries. Due to high incidence and rapid progression of
      atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus cardiovascular diseases and their causes can
      be studied in these patients at best. An excess morbidity in diabetics due to
      cardiovascular disease has been noted in several epidemiologic studies, although
      the number of patients are rather small in some studies. In the Bedford Study,
      for instance, 111 overt diabetics, in the Framingham Study less than 250 diabetic
      were included. Furthermore, subjects were examined at a relatively young age (35
      55 years) where only a low incidence of vascular diseases at diagnosed by
      noninvasive methods can be expected. Accordingly, inconsistant data have been
      obtained. The Schwabing Study for Macrovascular Disease in Diabetes Mellitus is a
      longitudinal study of more than 600 diabetic outpatients by all ages. The results
      of 5-year incidence of major macrovascular complications and its relationship to
      a number of cardiovascular risk factors will be given in this communication.

PMID- 3865880
TI  - Vascular growth factors and the development of macrovascular disease in diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - There are two different classes of humoral growth factors for arterial smooth
      muscle and endothelial cells that age of potential relevance for the development
      of macrovascular disease inn diabetes mellitus: hormones (growth hormone, insulin
      like growth factor I and II, insulin) and locally released growth factors of
      platelet origin. The following hormones have to be considered: Increased growth
      hormone plasma levels might contribute to macrovascular disease, but its actual
      relevance remains to be determined. Insulin like growth factor I and II are
      present in vivo and stimulate growth of vascular cells in vitro but their
      relevance for macrovascular disease in diabetes is unproven. To insulin, see Dr.
      Stout's paper. Human platelets contain at least six growth peptides or proteins
      that all stimulate in vitro growth of arterial wall cells: platelet derived
      growth factor, epidermal growth factor, platelet derived endothelial cell
      mitogen, endothelial growth factor, diabetic serum growth factor (DSGF),
      transforming growth factor-beta. As their plasma concentrations have not been
      shown to be increased in diabetes increased local availability at sites of
      stimulated platelet aggregation has been postulated. Therefore, their relevance
      for macrovascular disease i diabetics is based mainly on circumstantial evidence.
      The concentration of DSGF of platelet origin depends on the metabolic control: it
      increases in vivo in poorly controlled diabetics and is normalized after 2-3
      weeks of good metabolic control in the same diabetic patient. The growth potency
      of DSGF from poorly controlled diabetics is greater than that of physiological
      amounts of insulin or growth hormone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3865882
TI  - Pathogenesis and treatment of hypertension associated with diabetes.
AB  - The pathogenesis of hypertension accompanying diabetes mellitus (DM) may involve
      abnormalities in at least two major blood pressure (BP)--regulating systems.
      Exchangeable sodium (Naex) and the cardiovascular pressor responsiveness to
      norepinephrine are often increased, while blood volume is normal or low,
      regardless of age, insulin-dependence or non-dependence, or the presence or
      absence of retinopathy or clinical nephropathy. In hypertensive DM, systolic BP
      correlated (P less than 0.001) with Naex; diuretic treatment improved
      norepinephrine responsiveness, Naex and BP, while calcium entry blockade improved
      cardiovascular responsiveness and BP without changing Naex. Plasma catecholamine,
      renin and aldosterone levels are usually normal or sometimes low in stable DM.
      Antihypertensive therapy in DM is based on 3 legs, namely antidiabetic treatment,
      general measured aimed at reducing BP and associated risk correlates, and if
      necessary BP-lowering drugs. Due to their metabolic side effects, thiazide
      diuretics given in moderate to high doses are not ideal step 1 drugs in DM.
      Certain beta 1-blockers have fewer, although still some, unwanted side effects.
      Preliminary data suggest that certain calcium antagonists may often lower BP
      without causing relevant metabolic impairment. These agents and converting enzyme
      inhibitors deserve further evaluation in the treatment of DM-associated
      hypertension.

PMID- 3865881
TI  - Renal kallikrein in human and experimental diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Urinary kallikrein excretion was studied in a group of insulin-dependent diabetic
      patients in relation to glycemic control, and both urinary and renal tissue
      levels of kallikrein were measured in untreated and insulin-treated
      streptozotocin-diabetic rats. While on a fixed normal sodium diet, diabetic
      patients in poor glycemic control (HbA1c greater than 11%) showed elevated
      urinary kallikrein, compared to patients with HbA1c less than 11% or normal
      subjects. Strict glycemic control lowered kallikrein excretion in diabetic
      patients. In contrast, severely hyperglycemic diabetic rats had reduced urinary
      and renal kallikrein levels, compared to nondiabetic control rats, and the
      reduction in urinary kallikrein preceded the development of systolic
      hypertension. Insulin treatment normalized urinary kallikrein in diabetic rats,
      but resulted in increased renal kallikrein levels compared to nondiabetic rats.
      The differences in kallikrein abnormalities observed in diabetic patients and a
      diabetic animal model may possibly be related to renal hemodynamic changes in
      clinical and experimental diabetic states.

PMID- 3865883
TI  - Hemostasis disorders in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Hemostasis disorders are involved in diabetic micro and macroangiopathy. Platelet
      hyperactivity is related at least in part to an imbalance between thromboxane A2
      and prostacyclin. Both hyper and hypoglycemia result in platelet activation.

PMID- 3865884
TI  - Hemorheologic changes in diabetes and their role in increased atherogenesis.
AB  - Diabetes is associated with increased frequency, severity and altered
      distribution of atherosclerosis. This association suggests a number of
      possibilities in the pathogenesis of atheroclerosis because of the multitude of
      the changes produced by diabetes. Characteristic features of localization of
      atherosclerosis indicate that local blood flow patterns increase local
      macromolecule permeability by applying multidirectional shear stress to the
      endothelium at sites of separated flow. Diabetes is known to affect the flow
      properties of blood increasing its low shear rate viscosity and thixotropy. It
      would therefore be expected to increase the local shear stress burden in
      atherosclerosis-prone arterial sites. We are currently modifying our rotational
      viscometer to assess directly the difference in shear stress pattern between
      nondiabetic and diabetic blood when shearing is abruptly slowed and then
      accelerated, as occurs physiologically in arterial areas of separated flow. Our
      preliminary results are currently limited by a long acceleration response time,
      but indicate already that blood normally behaves very efficiently during
      decreasing and increasing flow but does produce and elevated shear stress near
      stagnation points in blood flow.

PMID- 3865885
TI  - Very low density lipoproteins in type II diabetes mellitus and risk of
      atherosclerosis.
AB  - Rapidly accumulation data suggest a close relation between defects in the
      metabolism of VLDL in type II diabetic subjects and atherogenesis in these
      patients. Increased concentrations of VLDL seem to be primarily due to an
      increased secretion of these particles. In addition, defective clearance of VLDL
      may be involved (e.g. impaired lipoprotein-lipase activity or an altered
      apolipoprotein composition of triglyceride-rich particles). VLDL and their
      degradation products may contribute to cholesteryl ester and triglyceride
      accumulation in macrophages and may affect the normal cholesterol transfer
      between the different lipoprotein particles or the revers cholesterol transport
      from peripheral cells to the liver.

PMID- 3865886
TI  - Abnormal metabolism of low density lipoprotein in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The association of atherosclerosis with lipoprotein disorders is well recognized.
      Since lipoprotein abnormalities are present in diabetes mellitus, it has been
      postulated that these abnormalities may constitute a link between diabetes and
      the accelerated atherogenesis that usually accompanies this disease. The
      quantitative alterations in lipoproteins are, however, relatively small to be
      solely responsible for the accelerated atherosclerosis present in diabetes. Other
      possible explanations have been thought. One of the most attractive hypotheses
      postulates that the biochemical abnormalities existent in diabetes could lead to
      the formation of lipoproteins with an abnormal composition and that lipoproteins
      so formed could interact abnormally with cells and be more atherogenic. We
      present data showing that the internalization and degradation by cultured
      fibroblasts of LDL isolated from diabetic patients in poor metabolic control is
      significantly decreased and that this decrease is further enhanced when the cells
      are incubated with lipoprotein depleted serum isolated from diabetic patients in
      poor metabolic control. We discussed several alterations in LDL composition and
      diabetic serum that may be responsible for the abnormal interaction between
      cultured cells and LDL isolated from diabetic patients. The relevance of these
      abnormal cell-LDL interactions in the development of atherosclerosis in diabetes
      mellitus is also discussed.

PMID- 3865887
TI  - Different effects of reductive and nonreductive glucosylation on LDL-catabolism.
AB  - The effects of various degrees of reductive and nonreductive glucosylation of low
      density lipoprotein on its catabolism by human fibroblasts have been examined.
      Moderate glucosylation of LDL does not alter its interaction with the high
      affinity receptor at concentrations of 5-2000 micrograms LDL-cholesterol/ml. Only
      heavy glucosylation of LDL (more than 12 lysine residues glucosylated per apo B),
      i.e. conditions not expected to occur in diabetes, slows receptor-mediated
      internalisation and degradation. In contrast, impairment of LDL-catabolism has
      been found at even low degrees of reductive glucosylation. The possible reasons
      for the different properties of reductively and nonreductively glucosylated LDL
      are discussed.

PMID- 3865888
TI  - Hypertriglyceridemia in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with peripheral
      vascular disease.
AB  - Hypertriglyceridemias are the most frequent lipid disorders in diabetes mellitus
      with peripheral vascular disease. In spite of increasing knowledges the
      arteriosclerotic risk of hypertriglyceridemias is still controversial. In 77
      insulin dependent diabetes (IDDM) (23 m, 54 f, age: 52 +/- 18 y. body weight: 119
      +/- 21% to Brocal) with hypertriglyceridemia (TG greater than or equal to 200
      mg/dl) and 97 IDDM (39 m, 68 f, age: 47 +/- 18 y, body weight: 116 +/- 22% to
      Broca) without lipid disorders (TG less than 200 mg/dl, CH less than 260 mg/dl)
      we investigated whether measurement of lipoprotein-lipids is better indicator of
      arteriosclerotic risk than total triglycerides. Peripheral vascular diseases
      (PVD) were present in 45% of patients with HTG and in 32% of patients without
      lipid disorders. In both groups patients with PVD had lower HDL-cholesterol (p
      less than 0.05 resp. p less than 0.0005) and higher VLDL-cholesterol (p less than
      0.025 resp. p less than 0.005). A negative relationship between VLDL-cholesterol
      and HDL-cholesterol was only significant in IDDM without lipid disorders (p less
      than 0.001). Considering a ratio of VLDL/HDL-cholesterol of greater than or equal
      to 1.0 resp. less than 1.0 to be discriminating for patients with or without PVD
      65.1% of all PVD (specifity) and 60.7% of all Non-PVD (sensitivity) could be
      correctly characterized. It is concluded, that in IDDM the ratio of VLDL/HDL
      cholesterol is a better indicator for the arteriosclerotic risk than total
      triglycerides or total cholesterol.

PMID- 3865889
TI  - Influence of various therapies on hyperlipidemia in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The relationship between diabetes mellitus and the factors involved in its
      treatment, and plasma lipoprotein concentrations, is far from clear. The
      prognostic value of plasma HDL cholesterol measurements is also unclear, as none
      of the published data relating to this are concerned with diabetes mellitus. The
      plasma concentration of HDL at any particular time is the result of a combination
      of factors. The production of nascent HDL particles by the liver and intestine,
      and small HDL particles from unknown sources (which may include triglyceride-rich
      particles undergoing catabolism in the circulation), and the production of HDL
      esterified cholesterol by LCAT, are balanced by the still poorly understood
      mechanisms of HDL catabolism outlined above. Until these mechanisms are better
      understood, we are unlikely to understand the implications of plasma HDL and HDL
      cholesterol concentrations in diabetes mellitus, and the effects of treatment of
      diabetes.

PMID- 3865890
TI  - Modulation of mouse mesangial cell proliferation by macrophage products.
AB  - Mesangial hypercellularity is usually found in many models of nephritis
      characterized by monocyte/macrophage infiltration of the glomerulus. In order to
      examine the mechanism mediating these events, an in vitro model was used to study
      the effects of macrophage products on mouse mesangial cells, cultured under
      conditions which would render them relatively quiescent. Under these conditions,
      macrophage supernatants stimulated the proliferation of the mesangial cells. The
      stimulatory effect could be shown to be due in part to enhancement of endogenous
      mesangial cell PGE production. This was demonstrated by experiments which showed
      that macrophage supernatants stimulated mesangial cell PGE production, that the
      stimulatory effect of macrophage products was abrogated by pretreatment of
      mesangial cells with indomethacin, and finally that exogenous PGE2 stimulated
      mesangial cell proliferation.

PMID- 3865891
TI  - [Cutaneous involvement in myelo-monocytic leukemia].

PMID- 3865892
TI  - C4 uremic variant: an acquired C4 allotype.
AB  - The major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-linked complotype region includes
      alleles for B, C2, and C4 loci. These loci are closely linked to each other and
      to HLA-DR on chromosome 6. The duplicated C4 loci, C4A and B, are especially
      polymorphic. In seven patients with renal insufficiency, we observed a C4 variant
      with electrophoretic mobility between C4B2 and C4B3. Four of these patients were
      detected during a study of MHC markers in membranoproliferative
      glomerulonephritis. Complete complotype and HLA data from families of five of the
      seven patients demonstrated that the variant was not inherited. The pattern was
      revealed by immunofixation electrophoresis and also by C4-specific hemolytic
      overlay. In serial plasma specimens taken from one patient, the C4 variant
      appeared only after the patient became uremic. However, the variant could not be
      produced in normal plasma after incubation with C4-depleted uremic plasma. Sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions of
      immunoprecipitated C4 from these patients showed C4A and C4B alpha chains of
      normal molecular mass; incompletely processed forms of C4 were not observed. We
      believe that this variant is probably acquired in the presence of uremia and may
      represent the C4B2.9 allele found by Wank and co-workers in many patients with
      glomerulonephritis. Family studies are mandatory to distinguish genetic variants
      from acquired alterations in the C4 phenotype.

PMID- 3865893
TI  - Isolation of a rat immune response gene identical to an alleged mouse a class II
      beta-chain pseudogene.
AB  - A human HLA-DQ beta-chain cDNA was used as a probe to identify and isolate a rat
      major histocompatibility antigen beta-chain gene from a genomic library
      constructed in the vector lambda Charon 28 using Wistar rat DNA (RT1u). The
      isolated exon of the rat gene (RT1.B beta 2) encoding a beta-chain second domain
      was found to share 93% nucleotide homology with a mouse A beta 2 exon. Although
      the genomic organization of this gene is consistent with the hypothesis that it
      represents a pseudogene, the remarkable preservation of a specific sequence
      favors the view that this class II antigen beta-chain gene has retained its
      coding function.

PMID- 3865894
TI  - C4B3 allotype with a novel Ch phenotype.
AB  - The fourth component of complement (C4) has two classes of protein, C4A and C4B,
      both of which have many allelic forms. The serological determinants Rodgers (Rg1,
      Rg2) and Chido (Ch1, Ch2, Ch3) are generally associated with C4A and C4B,
      respectively. The C4B3 allotype has been detected in a single Canadian family
      that expresses a novel Ch phenotype, Ch:-1, 2, -3. There was no information for
      the Rg determinants, as the C4A*2B*3 haplotype would normally express Rg on the
      C4A protein. Other C4B3 allotypes in informative families have different Ch
      phenotypes, and the relationships of these within extended major
      histocompatibility complex haplotypes are discussed in this paper.

PMID- 3865895
TI  - Susceptibility to IDDM is marked by MHC supratypes rather than individual
      alleles.
AB  - 107 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were typed for HLA
      A, B, C-, and DR antigens, and for complement C4A, C4B, and Bf alleles, and the
      results were compared with those of a combined reference group of 332
      appropriately matched healthy subjects. Supratypes (allelic combinations) were
      identified from the phenotype of each group, and it was shown that the frequency
      of several supratypes is increased in patients with IDDM, in particular
      supratypes (A1 Cw7) B8 C4AQ0 C4B1 BfS DR3 (P = 0.0001), (A30 Cw-) B18 C4A3 C4BQ0
      BfF1 DR3 (P = 0.0003), (A2 Cw3) B62 C4AR C4B2.9 BfS DR4 (P = 0.0002), and three
      other supratypes including DR4. It was also shown that increases in the frequency
      of individual alleles are secondary to increases in supratype frequency.
      Moreover, supratypes appeared to interact; the presence of two relevant
      supratypes being particularly important. The absolute risk of IDDM was
      approximately 0.5 in subjects who were homozygous for B18 C4A3 C4BQ0 BfF1 DR3. We
      concluded that genetic susceptibility is best recognized by MHC supratypes rather
      than isolated alleles, and that supratype combinations make the identification of
      even greater disease risk possible.

PMID- 3865896
TI  - DNA sequence analysis of a rat RT1 class II A beta gene.
AB  - The rat major histocompatibility complex (RT1) encodes twin sets of class II
      molecules, each consisting of two polypeptide chains referred to as A alpha and A
      beta, and E alpha and E beta. A gene encoding the RT1.A beta chain was isolated
      from a rat genomic library using an HLA-DQ beta chain cDNA as a probe. The
      nucleotide sequence of the coding regions of this gene was determined. Comparison
      of this sequence with those of the corresponding genes of mouse (H-2A beta) and
      human (HLA-DQ beta) revealed that this gene has been highly conserved during
      evolution, and that some parts of the molecule are more conserved than others.
      Analysis of the nucleotide sequence encoding the two external domains suggests
      that the membrane proximal domain has been subject to conservative selection,
      whereas replacement substitutions have been selected positively at certain
      residues within the amino terminal domain. The overall organization of the RT1.A
      beta gene is similar to that of the H-2A beta gene.

PMID- 3865897
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone for the MHC class II chain RT1.Du
      alpha of the diabetic BB rat.

PMID- 3865898
TI  - The effect of root canal preparation on the shape of the curved root canal.

PMID- 3865899
TI  - The validity of simulated root canals for the investigation of the prepared root
      canal shape.

PMID- 3865900
TI  - Prevalence and distribution of root-filled teeth in former dental school
      patients: follow-up after 10-17 years.

PMID- 3865901
TI  - Radiographic study of the root canal system of mandibular anterior teeth.

PMID- 3865902
TI  - Histological evaluation of microfilled and conventional composite resins on
      monkey dental pulps.

PMID- 3865903
TI  - Evaluation of a tactile hardness test in indirect pulp capping.

PMID- 3865904
TI  - Cervical external root resorption following trauma--a case report.

PMID- 3865905
TI  - Regeneration of interdental papillae using periodic curettage.

PMID- 3865906
TI  - Disk derangement and dental occlusion: changing concepts.

PMID- 3865907
TI  - Mucogingival interceptive therapy.

PMID- 3865908
TI  - Role of periosteum in the attachment of free autogenous gingival grafts to
      cortical bone: a histological study in dogs.

PMID- 3865909
TI  - Occlusal adjustment via selective cutting of natural teeth. Part I.

PMID- 3865910
TI  - Endogenous hyperthermia in normal human subjects: experimental study of emotional
      states (II).

PMID- 3865911
TI  - The relationship of the "augmenting/reducing" tendency of visually evoked
      cortical potentials to personality traits.

PMID- 3865912
TI  - Role of weight changes in the relief of stress in infertile women.

PMID- 3865913
TI  - The relationship between hypnotic susceptibility and smoking behavior.

PMID- 3865914
TI  - A picture frustration test study in essential hypertension.

PMID- 3865915
TI  - Plantar compartmental infection in the diabetic foot. The role of computed
      tomography.
AB  - This review discusses the role of computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of
      extent of plantar soft tissue infection in the diabetic foot. CT abnormalities
      are correlated with conventional radiography, results of preoperative aspiration
      cultures, intraoperative assessment, and bone, gallium, and 111In-leukocyte scan
      findings. Plantar soft tissue disease respects compartmental boundaries in
      general, with transcompartmental spread possible along musculotendinous units
      that normally transgress the intervening fascial septae. CT correlates well with
      the extent of infection as determined by other modalities, but cannot precisely
      predict its proximal boundary due to gradual transition between unequivocally
      abnormal and normal tissue. CT may be useful in establishing an appropriate level
      for contemplated amputation and can detect extension of superficial diabetic foot
      infections at an earlier stage than existing clinical methods, potentially
      resulting in less extensive surgical procedures.

PMID- 3865916
TI  - Systemic fluoride supplements for Iowa children. The dentist's role.

PMID- 3865917
TI  - Denture identification using heat shrunk plastic strips.

PMID- 3865918
TI  - Prevention of the amalgam ditch.

PMID- 3865919
TI  - Ca-19-9, a new marker for gastrointestinal malignancy.

PMID- 3865920
TI  - Is common variable hypogammaglobulinemia linked to HLA? A family study.
AB  - Two patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia (CVH) and their families,
      who came from different ethnic backgrounds, were surveyed for the level of
      immunoglobulins (Ig) and HLA genotypes. Six of 10 siblings and the mother in one
      family had a decreased level of one of the major classes of Ig (IgA in 5, IgM in
      1 and IgG in the mother). A similar decrease was found in three of six siblings
      in the other family (IgG in one, IgA in one and IgM in one). HLA genotyping
      disclosed that affected and nonaffected family members had identical genotypes,
      suggesting that hypogammaglobulinemia in CVH is not linked to a specific HLA
      genotype.

PMID- 3865921
TI  - Bulimia: theoretical conceptualizations and therapies.
AB  - Bulimia, a new entry in our system of nomenclature, has become more prevalent
      during the past decade and has stimulated a considerable amount of research. It
      still remains a theoretical and therapeutic puzzle in spite of a variety of
      efforts to conceptualize it. Treatment approaches are multitudinous and sometimes
      conflicting, partly due to problems in definition of the disorder, and the role
      of psychoanalysis is still unclear. This paper surveys current information on
      bulimia with an emphasis on social, psychological and psychoanalytic theories of
      its causation and their application to treatment.

PMID- 3865922
TI  - Treatment of severe stomatitis in the oral cancer patient.

PMID- 3865923
TI  - In-vitro activity of ofloxacin, a quinolone carboxylic acid compared to other
      quinolones and other antimicrobial agents.
AB  - Ofloxacin is a new quinolone carboxylic acid compound. Its activity against 900
      bacterial isolates was determined. It inhibited 90% of Escherichia coli,
      Klebsiella sp., Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Citrobacter
      spp., Enterobacter spp., Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, Yersinia
      enterocolitica at less than or equal to 0.8 mg/l. Branhamella catarrhalis,
      Haemophilus sp., Neisseria sp. were inhibited by less than or equal to 0.1 mg/l.
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Pseudomonas species were inhibited by less than
      or equal to 6.3 mg/l. Although most staphylococcal species, including methicillin
      resistant staphylococci were inhibited by 3.1 mg/l, many streptococcal species
      had higher MIC values, and most Bacteroides species were inhibited at less than
      or equal to 6.3 mg/l. The overall activity of ofloxacin was similar to enoxacin
      and norfloxacin. Ofloxacin inhibited organisms resistant to nalidixic acid,
      ampicillin, cephalexin, piperacillin, and gentamicin including Enterobacter spp.,
      Citrobacter freundii and Serratia marcescens resistant to cefotaxime. The
      activity of ofloxacin was lower at an acid pH and in urine, but serum had no
      effect on MICs or MBCs. Increase in ofloxacin MICs for various bacteria could be
      achieved by repeated subculture in the presence of ofloxacin.

PMID- 3865924
TI  - Low frequency of bacterial resistance to enoxacin in vitro and in experimental
      pneumonia.
AB  - The tendency for bacteria to develop resistance to enoxacin (Cl-919, AT-2266), a
      new oxyquinolone derivative, was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The mutation
      frequencies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli,
      Salmonella sp., and Haemophilus influenzae to enoxacin, norfloxacin, nalidixic
      acid, tobramycin, cephalexin, cefotaxime, ampicillin, azlocillin, oxacillin, and
      ticarcillin were determined by plating large numbers of organisms onto antibiotic
      containing agar. Enoxacin resistance developed infrequently. For example, the
      mutation frequency of Ps. aeruginosa in the presence of enoxacin was 1 in 2.8 X
      10(9) cells as compared to 1 in 1.1 X 10(6) for nalidixic acid. The increase in
      MIC after serial transfer through increasing concentrations of enoxacin ranged
      from 8-fold for Ps. aeruginosa and Staph. aureus to 256-fold for H. influenzae.
      Rats with chronic Ps. aeruginosa pneumonia were given subtherapeutic doses of
      enoxacin daily for ten weeks. Two rats were sacrificed weekly and the homogenized
      lungs were cultured on agar containing 5 mg/l of enoxacin and on antibiotic-free
      agar. No organisms resistant to 5 mg/l of enoxacin were recovered. No increase in
      the minimum inhibitory concentration of enoxacin for the infecting organism was
      seen.

PMID- 3865925
TI  - Effect of repeated antigen exposure on antigen-and mediator-induced bronchospasm
      in sheep.
AB  - We studied the effects of repeated exposures of antigen on airway reactivity to
      mediators of anaphylaxis and immediate response to the antigen. Seven antigen
      sensitive sheep were exposed to aerosols of Ascaris suum antigen 5 times
      biweekly; a control group of seven sheep underwent the same exposure regimen with
      saline vehicle. Sheep were assigned to experimental (Ascaris) or control groups
      so the distribution of animals with regard to bronchial reactivity to mediators
      was about the same. Airway reactivity was assessed by determining the effects of
      aerosolized histamine (10-1,000 micrograms), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha,
      10-300 micrograms), and a stable analogue of thromboxane A2 (U-46619, 1-100
      micrograms) on lung resistance (RL) and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn). Before
      treatment, experimental and control groups showed similar changes in RL and Cdyn,
      with analogue greater than histamine greater than PGF2 alpha. At the highest dose
      of each agonist, mean increases in RL were 50, 123, and 29%, respectively, and
      mean decreases in Cdyn were 21, 45, and 12%. During the first 15-min exposures to
      antigen aerosol, mean RL had increased by 125% and Cdyn decreased by 38% of base
      line values; hyperinflation following the exposures reduced the changes to 56 and
      31%, respectively. Changes in RL and Cdyn during the final antigen exposures and
      following postexposure hyperinflation were reduced significantly (P less than
      0.05) compared with the initial exposures. Baseline RL and Cdyn before and after
      the exposures to antigen or saline were not significantly different. Airway
      reactivity to histamine, PGF2 alpha, or analogue was not significantly altered in
      these atropinized animals over the range of doses studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3865926
TI  - Muscle fatigue in McArdle's disease studied by 31P-NMR: effect of glucose
      infusion.
AB  - In muscle phosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease) there is an abnormally
      rapid fatigue during strenuous exercise. Increasing substrate availability to
      working muscle can improve exercise tolerance but the effect on muscle energy
      metabolism has not been studied. Using phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance
      (31P-NMR) we examined forearm muscle ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic
      phosphate (Pi) and pH in a McArdle patient (MP) and two healthy subjects (HS) at
      rest and during intermittent maximal effort handgrip contractions under control
      conditions (CC) and during intravenous glucose infusion (GI). Under CC, MP
      gripped to impending forearm muscle contracture in 130 s with a marked decline in
      muscle PCr and a dramatic elevation in Pi. During GI, MP exercised easily for
      greater than 420 s at higher tensions and with attenuated PCr depletion and Pi
      accumulation. In HS, muscle PCr and Pi changed more modestly and were not
      affected by GI. In MP and HS, ATP changed little or not at all with exercise. The
      results suggest that alterations in the levels of muscle PCr and Pi but not ATP
      are involved in the muscle fatigue in McArdle's disease and the improved exercise
      performance during glucose infusion.

PMID- 3865927
TI  - Differential actions of testosterone and its metabolites on mice submandibular
      gland.
AB  - Submandibular glands from male mice castrated at 21 days of age and killed 60
      days thereafter exhibited impaired development of the granular ducts (GD), an
      effect which is directly related to its androgen-dependent feature. Testosterone
      and other related steroids of natural occurrence were given to these animals in
      order to determine the mechanism by which those compounds bring about recovery of
      their glandular histophysiology. The size and number of GD were reconstituted by
      the steroids in the following order of potency: 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17
      beta-diol greater than testosterone propionate greater than 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone greater than or equal to testosterone greater than 5 alpha
      androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol. All of the drugs stimulated protein synthesis,
      but only 3 alpha-diol was also able to increase DNA synthesis. Results support
      the assumption that 3 alpha-diol exerts both proliferative and hypertrophic
      effects on mice SMG, possibly through some receptor-independent pathway(s); the
      action of the other steroids is essentially hypertrophic in nature.

PMID- 3865928
TI  - Intramembrane particle distribution on the plasma membrane of ruffle-ended and
      smooth ended maturation ameloblasts of the rat incisors.
AB  - Plasma membrane structure and intramembrane particle (IMP) distribution in ruffle
      ended (RA) and smooth-ended (SA) maturation ameloblasts were investigated by
      means of freeze-fracture replication of the rat incisor enamel organ. On the
      plasma membranes of both the lateral and distal cell surfaces, mean values of
      IMPs per 1 micron2 obtained from the SAs were lower than that from the RAs. This
      does not exclude the ameloblast modulation phenomenon but rather supports a
      radical shift of functional activity between RA and SA and argues in favour of
      the possible existence of two definite groups of maturation ameloblasts. In the
      distal plasma membranes of these ameloblasts, there were also some morphologic
      evidence of endocytic activity (resorptive functions).

PMID- 3865929
TI  - The effect of daily application of a neutral 0.25% F- mouth-rinse on mineral loss
      in surface layers of enamel under intra oral cariogenicity tests conditions.
AB  - The effects of daily use of a 0.025% F- mouth-rinse on microhardness and mineral
      loss in the enamel lesion has been studied under Intra Oral Cariogenicity Test
      (ICT) conditions. The penetration depth was changed from 16 to 9 microns by F-.
      Moreover, the inhibition was found fairly constantly distributed over the whole
      lesion for the Ca and P loss without any CaF2 formation. In this way the
      effectiveness of the 0.025% F- mouth-rinse program can be explained.

PMID- 3865930
TI  - Phosphorylation of the insulin receptor by casein kinase I.
AB  - Insulin receptor was examined as a substrate for the multipotential protein
      kinase casein kinase I. Casein kinase I phosphorylated partially purified insulin
      receptor from human placenta as shown by immunoprecipitation of the complex with
      antiserum to the insulin receptor. Analysis of the phosphorylated complex by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions showed a major
      phosphorylated band at the position of the alpha 2 beta 2 complex. When the
      phosphorylated receptor was analyzed on polyacrylamide gels under reducing
      conditions, two phosphorylated bands, Mr 95,000 and Mr 135,000, were observed
      which corresponded to the alpha and beta subunits. The majority of the phosphate
      was associated with the beta subunit with minor phosphorylation of the alpha
      subunit. Phosphoamino acid analysis revealed that casein kinase I phosphorylated
      only seryl residues. The autophosphorylated alpha 2 beta 2 receptor purified by
      affinity chromatography on immobilized O-phosphotyrosyl binding antibody was also
      a substrate for casein kinase I. Reduction of the phosphorylated alpha 2 beta 2
      receptor indicated that casein kinase I incorporated phosphate into seryl
      residues only in the beta subunit.

PMID- 3865931
TI  - Orthodontic office design. Reception desk: placement and design.

PMID- 3865932
TI  - Modified function regulator for vertical maxillary excess.

PMID- 3865933
TI  - Innovations in orthognathic splint construction.

PMID- 3865935
TI  - Digitized image processing and pattern recognition in dental radiographs with
      emphasis on the interdental bone.
AB  - Diagnosis of bone lesions on dental radiographs can be difficult due to the
      irregular trabecular pattern and subjectivity on the part of the observer. The
      purpose of this study is to improve the recognition of bone lesions by means of
      objective computer-aided pattern recognition techniques. This article describes a
      method for the separation of teeth and bone regions in the image to facilitate
      further analysis, especially of the interdental bone.

PMID- 3865934
TI  - Human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype frequencies estimated
      from the data on HLA class I, II, and III antigens in 111 Japanese narcoleptics.
AB  - In order to deduce the predominant haplotypes in Japanese narcoleptics, we have
      studied a total of 111 Japanese patients with narcolepsy and six multiple-case
      families for HLA class I and class II antigens, and for class III HLA-linked
      complement markers. In Japanese narcoleptics, the most frequent haplotypes were
      B35-DR2, B15-DR2, and B51-DR2. These haplotypes were rare in normal Japanese
      population. In contrast, the most frequent haplotype of HLA-DR2 in normal
      Japanese, A24-C blank-Bw52-C4A*2 B*Q0-BF *S-C2*C-DR2-DQw1, had a decreased
      frequency to one-third of the normal controls. Haplotypes B35-DR2, B15-DR2, and
      B51-DR2, which were more frequent among Japanese narcoleptics, were different
      from the haplotype found more frequently among Caucasoid narcoleptics, A3-Cw7-B7
      DR2-DQw1. Haplotype analysis on six families showed that B35-DR2 and other rare
      haplotypes in normal Japanese were associated with narcolepsy. There were four
      cases without any signs of narcolepsy among 19 subjects with the disease
      susceptibility haplotypes. This finding suggests an incomplete penetrance of
      hypersomnia. Haplotype analysis of family members was also useful for the early
      detection of the high risk children to narcolepsy.

PMID- 3865936
TI  - Digitized pattern recognition in the diagnosis of periodontal bone defects.
AB  - Radiography is an important tool in the diagnosis of periodontal bone lesions.
      Due to subjective factors in the interpretation by the observer, however, an
      error-free diagnosis of bone lesions in an early stage is very difficult. The aim
      of this study was to reduce the influence of observer subjectivity by means of
      computer-assisted image processing and pattern recognition in dental radiographs.
      The findings of the study show that periodontal lesions can be recognized and
      described in an objective way by means of digitized pattern recognition.

PMID- 3865937
TI  - Healing of horizontal circumferential periodontal defects following regenerative
      surgery in beagle dogs.
AB  - Regenerative surgery of dog teeth with reduced periodontal support was undertaken
      to determine: if new connective tissue attachment could be predictably attained
      back to the level of the cemento-enamel junction; and to what extent the new
      attachment would be accompanied by bone regeneration, root resorption, and
      ankylosis. The alveolar bone around mandibular premolars was surgically reduced
      up to 6 mm from the cementoenamel junction. The denuded root surfaces were
      exposed to the oral environment during a period of 3 months without plaque
      control. Regenerative surgery was then carried out employing citric acid root
      conditioning and coronally positioned flaps. 6 months later, histologic
      evaluation of the midbuccal and midlingual areas of mesial and distal roots
      revealed new attachment over extended portions of the root surfaces. In 91 of 120
      available surfaces, there was no epithelial downgrowth apical to the cemento
      enamel junction. Bone regeneration varied from negligible amounts to complete
      reformation. However, root resorption and ankylosis were prevalent features. 2
      different types of resorptions could be distinguished: those occurring near the
      cemento-enamel junction (cervical resorption), and those occurring more apically
      in areas of newly formed bone (ankylosis-associated resorption). Resorption of
      either or both types was noted for 92 of the 120 surfaces.

PMID- 3865938
TI  - Analysis of change--are base-line measurements needed? Some statistical comments
      on a common experimental design.
AB  - In experiments where the treatment effect is defined as the change of a variable
      during treatment, one may, under certain circumstances, obtain a higher precision
      by basing the statistical analysis on the after-treatment measurements alone
      instead of the change during treatment. The conditions for this are derived and
      an empirical illustration involving bacterial counts is presented. In the case of
      a cross-over trial it is found in this particular case that not using the base
      line measurements reduces the number of patients needed by approximately 40%. In
      the case of a completely randomized design, about the same precision is obtained
      whether or not one utilizes the base-line values.

PMID- 3865939
TI  - Continuous intravenous infusion pharmacokinetics of interferon to patients with
      leukemia.

PMID- 3865940
TI  - Oral isotretinoin and inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 3865941
TI  - Isotretinoin-associated granulation tissue treated with occlusive corticosteroid
      tape.

PMID- 3865942
TI  - Malignant pyoderma.
AB  - Malignant pyoderma is a destructive, ulcerating skin disease that occurs chiefly
      in young adults. Only eight cases of this rare disease have been reported. The
      head and neck have been involved in all cases, and a predilection for the
      periauricular region has been noted in several of the cases. Although the disease
      is progressive and chronic, responses to high-dose systemic corticosteroids have
      been noted, but usually a flare is associated with a reduction in dose. An
      additional case is described in which therapy with isotretinoin and sulfapyridine
      led to complete remission.

PMID- 3865943
TI  - Atypical pyoderma as a side effect of isotretinoin.

PMID- 3865944
TI  - Effect of anti-oxidants on growth and lactic acid production by Streptococcus
      mutans.

PMID- 3865945
TI  - Development of sustained-release antimicrobial dental varnishes effective against
      Streptococcus mutans in vitro.
AB  - Two antimicrobial varnishes were developed to be applied to the teeth for the
      eradication of Streptococcus mutans infections. One of them contained
      chlorhexidine acetate as the antimicrobial agent and the other, erythromycin
      base. Both varnishes contained Sumatra benzoin. Each of the two antimicrobial
      agents was shown to be highly effective against S. mutans and to be compatible
      with the benzoin vehicle. When applied to extracted teeth, both varnishes dried
      to form a tough, adherent, and colorless transparent layer. Dried samples of the
      varnishes, when suspended in frequently-changed buffer, released their microbial
      agents at low but bactericidal levels for at least 12 days. After the first day,
      drug release from the chlorhexidine varnish showed approximately zero-order
      kinetics, while the erythromycin varnish showed a combination of zero-order and
      first-order kinetics.

PMID- 3865946
TI  - Sulfur uptake by type I collagen from methyl mercaptan/dimethyl disulfide air
      mixtures.
AB  - Type I acid-soluble collagen, suspended in 0.02 M Tris/0.13 M NaCl buffer (pH
      7.4), was exposed to air atmosphere admixed with 10.7 X 10(-9) moles of [35S]
      labeled dimethyl disulphide/methyl mercaptan mixture in the ratio of 99.82%
      (CH3S)2/0.18% CH3SH. Gas chromatographic analyses of head-space following one and
      four days of incubation indicated that all of the CH3SH was absorbed from the
      head-space by the collagen-containing liquid phase, while the (CH3S)2
      concentration of the head-space remained essentially unchanged. Of the total
      [35S]-activity initially present in the head-space, only 1.0 the total [35S]
      activity initially present in the head-space, only 1.0 and 1.86% was absorbed by
      the collagen-containing liquid phase within one and four days, respectively.
      Paper chromatographic separation of the reaction mixture showed that only 0.42
      and 0.60% of the radioactivity in the head-space was associated with collagen
      after one and four days of reaction. In comparable [35S]-H2S systems devoid of
      (CH3S)2, all of the H2S was absorbed within 48 hours of incubation with 18.04% (1
      day) and 18.28% (4 days) of the available [35S]-H2S complexed with collagen. The
      results provide evidence that the reaction of collagen with H2S and CH3SH/(CH3S)2
      mixture proceeded via the H2S and CH3SH thiol groups.

PMID- 3865947
TI  - Uptake and retention of aluminum by dental enamel.
AB  - The uptake, depth of penetration, and retention of aluminum (Al) in sound and
      acid-etched dental enamel were determined following in vitro applications of
      solutions containing 0.005 M or 0.037 M Al. Compared with controls, significant
      amounts of Al uptake (approximately 2000 to 6000 ppm) were detected in both sound
      and etched enamel, with significantly more Al deposited in the latter. Analysis
      of successive layers of treated enamel demonstrated that Al was located
      predominantly within the first 20 microns of surface enamel. Only slight
      reductions in Al retention occurred following one week of water-soaking or one
      minute of brushing with water or dentifrice, indicating that Al was firmly bound
      by enamel.

PMID- 3865948
TI  - Longitudinal microbiological investigation of a hospitalized population of older
      adults with a high root surface caries risk.
AB  - Intact root surfaces of chronically hospitalized subjects were sampled
      periodically to enumerate bacterial species believed to be associated with root
      caries. Bacteria were cultivated and enumerated using a series of selective and
      enriched media. Microbial counts, isolation frequencies, and percent cultivable
      flora data were analyzed for caries-active and caries-free surfaces and subjects.
      S. mutans, S. sanguis, A. viscosus, A. naeslundii, total lactobacilli, and
      Veillonella accounted for a mean of less than 20% of the cultivated flora, with
      mitis salivarius agar cultivable streptococci averaging less than 5%. The
      microbial count data were highly variable, precluding the finding of significant
      differences in caries association for either subjects or sites. Streptococci,
      especially S. mutans, correlated highly with lactobacilli in the samples.

PMID- 3865949
TI  - Prevalence of Legionella-specific IgG and IgM antibody in a dental clinic
      population.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the frequency of Legionella infection in a
      dental clinic setting. Serum samples from 270 dental clinic personnel were
      evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect Legionella
      specific IgM and IgG antibodies. The pooled-species whole-cell-antigen
      preparation used in these assays was derived from six Legionella pneumophila
      strains and one strain each from Legionella bozemanii and Legionella micdadei.
      Significant levels of IgG and IgM antibodies were found in 20% and 16%,
      respectively, of the samples. This compares with 8% and 10%, respectively, for a
      randomly selected non-clinical group from the region (P less than 0.005). Samples
      from clinic personnel with significant IgG titers (greater than 1:128) were also
      evaluated for activity to each of the eight single-species antigens, with the
      following results: L. pneumophila, 45% (combined six strains); L. micdadei, 37%;
      and L. bozemanii, 18%. Comparing individuals' "years spent in the clinic
      environment" with the incidence of significant antibody levels strongly suggests
      that the risk of Legionella infection increases proportionately with increased
      clinic exposure time (P less than 0.05). Analysis of these data implies that
      Legionella may be present in the dental clinic environment, thus creating an
      increased risk for clinical personnel or patients.

PMID- 3865950
TI  - The relation between caries prevalence and strontium concentrations in drinking
      water, plaque, and surface enamel.
AB  - Samples of plaque and surface enamel were collected from 80 boys aged 14 years
      living in five communities in Ohio (USA). Mean (+/- SE) strontium concentrations
      in plaque were 1.43 +/- 0.18 micrograms/g (wet) and 12.34 +/- 1.63 micrograms/g
      (dry). For surface enamel, the mean concentration was 421 +/- 31 micrograms Sr/g.
      Concentrations of strontium in both plaque and enamel were significantly related
      to strontium levels in the drinking water. Caries prevalence as DMFS was
      inversely related to strontium levels in water, plaque, and enamel.

PMID- 3865951
TI  - Genetic variance in dental dimensions of Punjabi twins.
AB  - Genetic variance analysis of 56 tooth size traits was based on a sample of 58
      pairs of twins (23 MZ and 35 DZ) from Chandigarh, India. Results of a t-test for
      equality of means showed no association of zygosity with any of the traits.
      Heterogeneity of total variance was found in 18 traits, which invalidates
      conventional genetic variance estimates and reveals considerable hidden
      environmental determinance. In contrast to other studies, Indian MZ twins had
      higher variance than did DZ twins, in most instances. There was also evidence of
      stronger environmental covariance for MZ and DZ twins. The study revealed
      substantial, complex environmental determination for some dental dimensions,
      especially of incisors and second molars.

PMID- 3865952
TI  - Temporomandibular joint sounds related to orthodontic therapy.
AB  - A cross-sectional survey for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds was conducted
      on 347 orthodontic patients before, during, and after treatment. Those patients
      who reported joint sounds, or in whom sounds were noted on clinical examination,
      were subjected to an audiovisual evaluation which was recorded on videotape to
      identify more precisely the character of the sounds during jaw opening and
      closing. TMJ sounds were quite common before, during, and after orthodontic
      treatment. There was a significant association among three variables: joint
      sounds, age, and treatment. It is not clear, however, whether joint sounds
      increased due to orthodontic treatment, age, or both. No significant associations
      were found between TMJ sounds and functional occlusal factors. Significantly more
      sounds were noted by the examiners than were reported by the patients. Medium or
      high amplitude sounds were evident in 32.6% of the 135 subjects who underwent the
      audiovisual examination.

PMID- 3865953
TI  - Global attentional deviance as a marker of risk for schizophrenia: specificity
      and predictive validity.

PMID- 3865954
TI  - Bulimia: contributing factors and effects.

PMID- 3865955
TI  - Rigor of small human vessels.

PMID- 3865956
TI  - Isolation of large mononuclear Ia-positive veiled cells from the mouse thoracic
      duct.
AB  - Veiled cells (VC), are not normally present in the mouse thoracic duct lymph
      (TDL). However, TDL from mesenteric lymph-adenectomized (MLNX) mice contained
      about 1% VC. After exposure to whole body irradiation of 350-500 rads., or 800
      rads., 1.5% and 7% VC respectively were present in the TDL. These cells could be
      enriched further by density gradient centrifugation on 14.5% metrizamide, about
      60-70% VC being present in the cells from the interface. The VC had long sweeping
      cytoplasmic extensions or veils which were continuously extended and retracted
      when the VC were incubated at 37 degrees C. Electron microscopy revealed that the
      VC had a lobulated nucleus, and that the cytoplasm contained many mitochondria, a
      well-developed Golgi zone, rough endoplasmic reticulum and a few lysosomes. The
      cells were strongly Ia positive and over 70% showed adenosine triphosphatase
      activity. These features of the mouse VC from the TDL are similar to those
      described for VC isolated from different sources in other experimental animals
      and from the afferent lymph in man.

PMID- 3865957
TI  - Case of the month. Aphthous ulcers.

PMID- 3865958
TI  - Evaluation of trypsin & chymotrypsin in the management of post-operative oedema.

PMID- 3865959
TI  - An evaluation of denture cleansers manufactured in India.

PMID- 3865960
TI  - Interpret your X-rays. Idiopathic external root resorption.

PMID- 3865961
TI  - Rehabilitation of cleft lip and palate patients.

PMID- 3865962
TI  - Case of the month. Haemangioma.

PMID- 3865963
TI  - Interpret your X-rays. Fracture of the middle third of the tooth root.

PMID- 3865964
TI  - Enamel mottling at different levels of fluoride in drinking water: in an endemic
      area.

PMID- 3865965
TI  - Ameloblastoma arising from a dental cyst.

PMID- 3865966
TI  - Oral health in rural Tamilnadu (A report on the need for a clean mouth programme
      in the rural areas of Kanyakumari District, South India).

PMID- 3865967
TI  - Maxillary antrolith around tooth root tip with oro-antral fistula--a case report.

PMID- 3865968
TI  - [Masked depression and the TMJ syndrome].

PMID- 3865969
TI  - [Prosthodontic management of the TMJ syndrome].

PMID- 3865970
TI  - [Complications following the use of dental anesthesics].

PMID- 3865971
TI  - [Effects of indomethacin, prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha on hatching
      of mouse blastocysts].
AB  - Although synthesis and metabolism of prostaglandins (PGs) in various mammalian
      blastocysts have been investigated, their variations and mechanism of actions are
      still unknown. The present study, therefore, has been performed to investigate
      how PGs would participate in the hatching process. We added indomethacin, and
      antagonist to PG biosynthesis, to a culture medium and examined its effect on the
      hatching of mouse blastocysts in vitro. Furthermore, we studied the cases in
      which prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) were added
      to the culture media. The results are as follows. The hatching was significantly
      inhibited by indomethacin at a concentration of 10(-4) M yet the inhibition was
      reversible. In the groups with 10(-4) M indomethacin and PGE2, no improvement was
      seen in the inhibition of hatching and, on the other hand, inhibition became dose
      relatively more distinct. The inhibition was irreversible, indicating possible
      cytotoxic effect on blastocysts. In the groups with 10(-4) M indomethacin and
      PGF2 alpha, inhibition of the hatching was significantly improved when PGF2 alpha
      was added at a concentration of 10(-6) M or 10(-5) M in comparison with the group
      with 10(-4) M indomethacin. No significant difference was observed when 10(-4) M
      PGF2 alpha was added. The above results indirectly confirmed that mouse
      blastocysts, in the pre-implantation stage, metabolize arachidonic acid and
      possess PG producing ability. Furthermore, they indicated that PGs influence
      hatching and, in particular, PGF2 alpha possibly had an accelerating effect. It
      was also supposed that a high concentration of PGE2 would exert a cytotoxic
      effect on blastocysts.

PMID- 3865972
TI  - [Clinical significance of CA 19-9 as a tumor marker for gynecologic
      malignancies].

PMID- 3865973
TI  - [Separation of bone noncollagenous proteins by calcium-induced precipitation].

PMID- 3865974
TI  - [The effects of electric currents on bones cultured on chorioallantoic membranes
      and in vitro].

PMID- 3865975
TI  - [A clinicopathological study of cervical lymph node metastases from oral squamous
      cell carcinomas].

PMID- 3865976
TI  - [Study on the distribution form of mesiodistal crown diameter in a large number
      of samples: Part 1].

PMID- 3865977
TI  - [Studies on the clinical application of medical grade silicone rubber to
      maxillofacial prosthetics--bacteriological analysis of the surface adherent
      substance and the prevention of its attachment].

PMID- 3865978
TI  - [Introduction to a three-dimensional display of dental root arrangement].

PMID- 3865979
TI  - [Hypotensive anesthesia].

PMID- 3865980
TI  - [Wound healing in the palatal mucosa and the mechanism of scar formation].

PMID- 3865981
TI  - [Dr. Udagama's combination system of facial prosthesis at the M.D. Anderson
      Hospital].

PMID- 3865982
TI  - [Use of microwave heat in removing wax].

PMID- 3865983
TI  - [Apatite-metal composite by plasma coating].

PMID- 3865984
TI  - [Primary structure of amelogenin].

PMID- 3865985
TI  - Fanconi's syndrome: presentation of a case of acute myeloblastic leukemia.

PMID- 3865986
TI  - A simple and accurate way to measuring root canal length.

PMID- 3865987
TI  - A histological study of the effect of diameter enlargement of the apical portion
      of the root canal.

PMID- 3865988
TI  - Cutting efficiency of endodontic instruments. Part 1: a quantitative comparison
      of the tip and fluted regions.

PMID- 3865989
TI  - A study of the viscosity and working time of resin-based root canal sealers.

PMID- 3865990
TI  - Squamous odontogenic tumor-like proliferations in periapical cysts.

PMID- 3865991
TI  - Pain relief by dietary manipulation and tryptophan supplements.

PMID- 3865992
TI  - A comparison of antimicrobial effects of calcium hydroxide and iodine-potassium
      iodide.

PMID- 3865993
TI  - [Properties of rat brain astrocytes in long-term culture].

PMID- 3865994
TI  - Body surface potential maps of the normal Chinese adults.

PMID- 3865995
TI  - Assessment of cardiac performance in uremic patients by echocardiography.

PMID- 3865996
TI  - [Influence of diet and hemolysis on clinical chemistry tests].

PMID- 3865997
TI  - [Multiple gastric cancers in the resected stomachs].

PMID- 3865998
TI  - Treatment of central diabetes insipidus with DDAVP.

PMID- 3865999
TI  - [Lithium intoxication--report of 10 cases].

PMID- 3866000
TI  - Cerebral venous malformation.

PMID- 3866001
TI  - Obstructive hydrocephalus caused by arteriovenous malformations of the Galenic
      system--a case report.

PMID- 3866002
TI  - Cervical spondylotic radiculomyelopathy caused by athetoid-dystonic cerebral
      palsy--clinical evaluation of 2 cases.

PMID- 3866004
TI  - [Formosan Medical Association. Abstracts of the 78th annual meeting].

PMID- 3866003
TI  - Virus-associated haemophagocytic syndrome after Epstein-Barr virus infection in a
      child.

PMID- 3866005
TI  - Stereochemical considerations in relation to the pharmacological activity of
      Pterotaberna alkaloids.
AB  - Five 2-acylindole alkaloids, isolated from the leaves of Pterotaberna
      inconspicua, were pharmacologically investigated. The major alkaloids methuenine
      and 16-epimethuenine showed some interesting pharmacological features, whereas
      the minor alkaloids including 6-oxomethuenine and methuenine N-oxide were almost
      devoid of these pharmacological properties. Methuenine, being the most potent,
      was characterized as a non competitive antagonist against acetylcholine
      (pD'2=5.10 +/- 0.11) and histamine (pD'2 = 5.13 +/- 0.14) in guinea-pig ileum.
      Its potency was comparable to that of papaverine. 16-Epimethuenine behaved as a
      weak antihistaminic (pA2 = 6.55 +/- 0.08). The stereochemistry of both components
      is discussed in relation to their pharmacological activity.

PMID- 3866006
TI  - Three-dimensional measurement of stone cast deformation. Part 1.

PMID- 3866007
TI  - Biocompatibility of tissue conditioners--histological study in rats.

PMID- 3866008
TI  - The suppressive effect of autogenic training against pain stimulus on oral
      mucosa.

PMID- 3866009
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of dental calculi.

PMID- 3866010
TI  - Gallium-67 citrate uptake in cryptococcal thyroiditis in a homosexual male.

PMID- 3866011
TI  - Nursing practice & consumerization: a consumer's viewpoint.

PMID- 3866012
TI  - Economics, health care rights, and ethical choices.

PMID- 3866013
TI  - Associate and baccalaureate degree preparation for future clinical practice in
      home health care.

PMID- 3866014
TI  - Associate and baccalaureate degree preparation for future practice of psychiatric
      mental health nursing.

PMID- 3866015
TI  - Report of the Nursing Education Unit, State Education Department and New York
      State Board of Nursing.

PMID- 3866016
TI  - Address of the President.

PMID- 3866018
TI  - Dentist conduct screenings at Heartbeats festivals.

PMID- 3866017
TI  - Keynote address: taking the tide.

PMID- 3866019
TI  - Voluntary hepatitis-B serological screening of Indiana dentist.

PMID- 3866020
TI  - The use of pit and fissure sealants by Indiana dentists.

PMID- 3866021
TI  - The treatment of outpatient odontogenic infections.

PMID- 3866022
TI  - ABC's periodontics. "N" is for necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.

PMID- 3866023
TI  - Severe leukoplakia of the oral cavity induced by habitual use of betel nut quid.

PMID- 3866024
TI  - Cervico-facial actinomycosis (a case report).

PMID- 3866025
TI  - Ampicillin induced erythema multiforme (a case report).

PMID- 3866026
TI  - The oral hemangiopericytoma--a rare tumor.

PMID- 3866027
TI  - Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma simulating an odontogenic tumor.

PMID- 3866028
TI  - Immune response after oral surgical stress of rats.

PMID- 3866029
TI  - Peripheral odontogenic fibroma of the W.H.O. type--report of an uncommon
      neoplasm.

PMID- 3866030
TI  - Condylar metastasis with initial presentation as TMJ syndrome.

PMID- 3866031
TI  - Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the jaw.

PMID- 3866032
TI  - Geminated lower third molar. Report of un uncommon case.

PMID- 3866034
TI  - Marketing your practice: a resource guide.

PMID- 3866033
TI  - Perioral infections in children.

PMID- 3866035
TI  - Morphology in dental identification.

PMID- 3866036
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of oral psychophysiologic disorders].

PMID- 3866037
TI  - [Curve of Spee: its assessment and associations with craniofacial morphology].

PMID- 3866038
TI  - [Isolation and characterization of various cell clones from a cloned neoplastic
      epithelial duct cell line of human salivary gland origin].

PMID- 3866039
TI  - [The application of the personal computer as a function of the intelligent
      terminal in TSS (time sharing systems)].

PMID- 3866040
TI  - [Clinical-pathological analysis of 1365 cases of biopsy materials from the 2d
      Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University, Faculty of
      Dentistry, during the past 5 years].

PMID- 3866041
TI  - [A cephalometric study of the standards in the fabrication of maxillary occlusal
      rims].

PMID- 3866042
TI  - [Expression of variant alkaline phosphatase in various cloned cells of a
      neoplastic epithelial cell line of human salivary gland origin].

PMID- 3866043
TI  - [The hardening of visible light-curing composites by various light sources].

PMID- 3866044
TI  - [Statistical analysis of the surgical cases of the 1st Department of Oral and
      Maxillofacial Surgery, Central Operating Room of Osaka University Dental
      Hospital: 10 year report].

PMID- 3866045
TI  - [Changes in tooth mobility during orthodontic tooth movement: a system for the
      measurement of tooth mobility].

PMID- 3866046
TI  - [Assessment of examiner judgement in the articulation testing of cleft palate
      speech].

PMID- 3866047
TI  - [First branchial arch syndrome: a case report].

PMID- 3866048
TI  - [Allergic shock possibly induced by chlorhexidine: report of a case].

PMID- 3866049
TI  - [Response of levator veli palatini muscle activity to changes in intranasal air
      pressure during the regulation of semi-closure of the velopharynx for nasal
      vowels].

PMID- 3866050
TI  - A modified feeding plate for use in cleft palate infants.

PMID- 3866051
TI  - Gingival swelling as the presenting feature of Crohn's disease in children.

PMID- 3866052
TI  - The cariogenicity of snack foods: reproducibility of results in rat experiments.

PMID- 3866053
TI  - New approaches to the diagnosis and chemotherapeutic management of the
      periodontal diseases. A symposium. Hackensack, New Jersey, November 15-16, 1984.

PMID- 3866054
TI  - Antibiotic susceptibilities of periodontal bacteria. In vitro susceptibilities to
      eight antimicrobial agents.
AB  - In vitro susceptibilities of 369 to 966 bacterial isolates from periodontal
      lesions to eight antibiotics were determined by agar dilution technique as a
      means of determining which antimicrobial agents were inhibitory for bacteria
      frequently associated with destructive periodontal diseases. Although most
      bacteria were relatively susceptible to the penicillins, greater activity was
      generally noted with amoxicillin than with either penicillin or ampicillin with
      the exception of Selenomonas sputigena and Peptostreptococcus. Antibacterial
      activities obtained with minocycline were significantly higher than with
      tetracycline for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Streptococcus but
      comparable for most other taxa. Clindamycin and metronidazole both demonstrated
      excellent activity against the anaerobic Gram-negative rods but were less
      effective against some of the capnophilic and facultative organisms. Eikenella
      corrodens was exceptionally resistant to both of these drugs; and A.
      actinomycetemcomitans was generally resistant to clindamycin but relatively
      susceptible to metronidazole. Erythromycin was considerably less active than the
      other antibiotics against the majority of the periodontal bacteria. No single
      antibiotic, at concentrations equivalent to those achieved in body fluids, was
      uniformly effective in inhibiting all bacteria currently implicated or suspected
      as etiologic agents of periodontal diseases.

PMID- 3866055
TI  - Clinical responses following periodontal treatment by local drug delivery.
AB  - A 4-quadrant, single-blind study was designed to test the efficacy of periodontal
      disease therapy by local drug delivery. A delivery system made of extruded
      ethylene vinyl acetate fibers loaded with 25% USP tetracycline hydrochloride was
      placed and maintained in periodontal pockets for 10 days. The clinical effects of
      this form of therapy were compared with treatment by periodontal scaling. In
      addition, the effect of treatment by combined local delivery and scaling was
      investigated. Untreated quadrants were included as control. Placement of
      tetracycline-loaded ethylene vinyl acetate fibers into periodontal pockets
      established a drug concentration of approximately 0.06%. By covering the delivery
      system with a periodontal dressing, this concentration level was maintained
      throughout the 10-day therapeutic period. The average tetracycline dose used was
      2.4 mg/tooth treated. Following fiber therapy, treated sites improved clinically,
      as evidenced by a gain in periodontal attachment and a decrease in periodontal
      pocket depth. The rate of new lesion formation at fiber-treated sites decreased
      from a pretreatment rate of 26.5% of sites/year to a posttreatment rate of 4.8%
      of sites/year. Periodontal scaling also produced clinical improvement, as
      indicated by significant attachment gain, pocket depth reduction and a decreased
      rate of new lesion formation. However, in no case were clinical results by
      scaling superior to results by local drug delivery, and by several measures local
      drug delivery was found to provide a better clinical response. Principal measures
      by which the clinical response using local drug delivery exceeded that by scaling
      were in early (3-6 months) attachment gain and in the degree of reduction of new
      lesion formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3866056
TI  - Subepithelial connective tissue graft technique for root coverage.
AB  - This article describes the use of the subepithelial connective tissue graft as a
      donor source for root coverage. The success of these grafts has been attributed
      to the double-blood supply at the recipient site from the underlying connective
      tissue base and the overlying recipient flap. Four cases have been illustrated to
      demonstrate the versatility of this procedure for areas of single or multiple
      root coverage especially in the maxillary arch, coverage of existing crown
      margins and areas requiring a combination of ridge augmentation and root
      coverage. An increase of 2 to 6 mm of root coverage has been achieved in 56 cases
      over 4 years with minimal sulcus depth and no recurrence of recession. The donor
      site is a closed wound which produces less postoperative discomfort.

PMID- 3866057
TI  - Effects of mandibular orthognathic treatment on mucogingival tissues.
AB  - Twenty-four patients receiving comprehensive orthognathic care including
      genioplasty were studied to evaluate the effect of orthognathic treatment on the
      mucogingival complex in the mandibular anterior region. Parameters measured prior
      to and after therapy were: width of keratinized gingiva, width of attached
      gingiva and gingival recession. A subjective assessment of tissue thickness was
      accomplished. A statistically significant decrease in width of both keratinized
      and attached gingiva was noted following orthognathic therapy in the mandibular
      anterior area. In six of 24 patients, gingival recession was a clinically
      significant finding. The actual pretreatment width of keratinized and/or attached
      tissue did not seem to be the critical factor in development of recession. Risk
      of recession appeared to increase when genioplasty was combined with mandibular
      advancement and tended to occur at sites in which the keratinized gingiva and
      underlying bone appeared thin.

PMID- 3866058
TI  - A new look at the etiology and pathogenesis of early-onset periodontitis.
      Cementopathia revisited.
AB  - For more than 20 years, investigators have unanimously agreed that human
      periodontitis is caused by bacterial colonization of the surfaces of the teeth
      and their extension apically. Recently, several investigators have demonstrated
      that most, if not all, individuals manifesting the early-onset, aggressive forms
      of periodontitis have abnormalities in their peripheral blood phagocytes which
      can be detected as abnormal cell motility or adherence. Because of the major role
      of these cells, especially the neutrophilic granulocytes, in host defense against
      the microbial onslaught at the gingival sulcus, these leukocyte abnormalities
      have been considered to be the major determinant of susceptibility to microbial
      infection and invasion of the periodontal tissues. In recent years the
      possibility that other etiologies may be involved has not been seriously
      considered. The purpose of the present communication is to focus attention on the
      idea that factors other than bacteria and host defense mechanisms may be of
      significance. We specifically want to call attention to a potentially important
      role for root cementum.

PMID- 3866059
TI  - Cell and fiber attachment to demineralized dentin from normal root surfaces.
AB  - The study assessed connective tissue and epithelial responses to dentin specimens
      (obtained from normal roots of human teeth) after surface demineralization.
      Rectangular dental specimens with opposite faces of root and pulpal dentin were
      prepared from beneath root surfaces covered by periodontal ligament. One-half of
      the specimens were treated with citric acid, pH 1, for 3 minutes, while the
      remainder served as untreated control specimens. Specimens were implanted
      vertically into incisional wounds on the dorsal surface of rats with one end of
      the implant protruding through the skin. Four specimens in each group were
      available 1, 3, 5 and 10 days after implantation. Histologic and histometric
      analyses included counts of adhering cells, evaluation of connective tissue fiber
      relationships and assessment of epithelial migration. Analyses within each group
      comparing root and pulpal surfaces showed no differences between any of the
      parameters. Comparisons between experimental and control groups showed that
      demineralized surfaces had a greater number of cells attached, fiber attachment
      occurred and epithelial downgrowth was inhibited. The fiber attachment to
      experimental specimens differed morphologically from fiber attachment to normal
      root surfaces: the number of fibers attached per unit length and the diameter of
      attached fibers were significantly less on experimental specimens. Demineralized
      specimens at 10 days had a distinct eosinophilic surface zone. Surface
      demineralization of dentin predisposed toward a cell and fiber attachment system
      which inhibited migration of epithelium.

PMID- 3866060
TI  - Computerized charting of probing depths.

PMID- 3866061
TI  - Pharmacokinetic scale-up: accurate prediction of human pharmacokinetic profiles
      from animal data.
AB  - Ceftizoxime pharmacokinetic parameters from mice, rats, monkeys, and dogs were
      scaled allometrically and used to predict the value of each parameter in a 70-kg
      human. Three methods of interspecies pharmacokinetic scale-up provided accurate
      simulations of the human biexponential serum concentration-time profiles for a 1
      g iv bolus and a 4-g, 30-min intravenous infusion. Successful scale-up of animal
      pharmacokinetic data can have tremendous impact during the preclinical assessment
      of new pharmaceutical compounds by providing reasonable estimates of
      pharmacokinetic parameters in humans.

PMID- 3866062
TI  - Composite-veneered amalgam restorations.
AB  - A procedure is described for the construction of composite resin veneers for
      large amalgam restorations. The resulting restoration combines the physical
      qualities of amalgam with the esthetic benefits of composite resins. Among the 14
      restorations that have been studied for 2 years, none failed mechanically and
      minor surface discolorations have been satisfactorily corrected by polishing.

PMID- 3866063
TI  - Visual aid for posterior composite resin restorations.

PMID- 3866064
TI  - Diagnosing functional complete denture fractures.
AB  - Many factors can contribute to the fracture of complete dentures. This article
      has identified some of these factors and presented some methods that can greatly
      reduce or eliminate functional complete denture base fractures when used with a
      thorough diagnosis and treatment plan.

PMID- 3866065
TI  - Acrylic resin stents for marsupialization.
AB  - Marsupialization is a surgical technique that may be preferred to enucleation in
      treatment of benign cysts. The acrylic resin obturator maintains the surgical
      opening during healing and assures success of the surgery. Two basic techniques
      to construct a stable and retentive obturator prosthesis were described.

PMID- 3866066
TI  - Surgical and prosthetic treatment of superficial carcinoma of the oral cavity.
AB  - A technique has been described for split-thickness skin grafting after resection
      of superficial carcinoma for both the mandibular and maxillary arch. The
      technique is a cooperative effort between the surgeon and the prosthodontist.

PMID- 3866067
TI  - Temporary intranasal prosthesis for a surgical defect of septum and columella.
AB  - A temporary intranasal prosthesis for the treatment of a surgical defect of the
      septum and columella after resection for a neoplasm has been described. The
      prosthesis is applied as soon as possible after surgery, which will limit
      complications during healing. Silicone elastomer is used because its softness
      does not produce decubitus ulcer, and it will accurately fit the surgical defect.
      The prosthesis can be relined easily during the postoperative period.

PMID- 3866068
TI  - A pantographic reproducibility index for use in diagnosing temporomandibular
      joint dysfunction: a report on research.
AB  - The pantographic reproducibility index (PRI) has been developed to quantitate
      incoordinated mandibular movements; one of the signs and symptoms of TMJ
      dysfunction. The PRI has been proven valid clinically in controlled research
      using more than 200 patients and scoring more than 2300 pantographic tracings
      during the past 10 years. The PRI can be used to determine (1) the presence or
      absence of TMJ dysfunction; (2) the success of treatment modalities such as
      occlusal splints, occlusal adjustments, and restorative treatments; (3) the
      prevalence of TMJ dysfunction; and (4) the level of TMJ dysfunction on
      experimental patients.

PMID- 3866069
TI  - Effect of occlusal adjustment on globus symptom.
AB  - Twenty-two patients seeking treatment for the globus symptom were examined for
      the presence of symptoms and signs of TMJ dysfunction. They were randomly divided
      into a treatment group (N = 13) and a placebo group (N = 9) and underwent either
      simple occlusal adjustment or mock adjustment, respectively. The result of
      occlusal adjustment was assessed immediately after completion of treatment. The
      effect of treatment on the globus symptom was assessed 2 to 3 months later in a
      double-blind study design. Binomial tests showed that there was a significant
      association between the success of occlusal adjustment and disappearance of the
      globus symptom. Three patients in the placebo group subsequently received
      occlusal adjustment and splint therapy. When all patients were interviewed 20 to
      44 months later, only two of them reported no improvement. Both had unstable
      occlusion when the treatment was terminated.

PMID- 3866070
TI  - Occlusal relationships and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Part I:
      Epidemiologic findings.

PMID- 3866071
TI  - Masseter muscle silent period in patients with internal derangement of the
      temporomandibular joint before and after splint therapy.

PMID- 3866072
TI  - Centric interocclusal record analyzer.

PMID- 3866073
TI  - Changing concepts in periodontics.

PMID- 3866074
TI  - Eye movements of teenage children of schizophrenics: a possible inherited marker
      of susceptibility to the disease.
AB  - Teenage children each having one schizophrenic parent showed deficits in
      oculomotor control which are also found in schizophrenic subjects compared with
      controls. They made significantly more saccadic eye movements interrupting smooth
      pursuit ocular tracking. They also made significantly more double-jump saccadic
      movements in a looking task. Since this latter difference was true only when the
      visual target was illuminated during the saccade (p less than 0.001), the cause
      was likely visual processing and not a fixation stability problem. The two
      measures correlated significantly for all subjects (r = 0.63), and half the
      experimentals had scores more than two standard deviations above the mean for
      controls. This suggests that a pattern of oculomotor dysfunction found in
      schizophrenics which comes from a single source may act as a marker for
      susceptibility of their offspring to the disease.

PMID- 3866075
TI  - Biotechnology and general practice. 1. Recombinant DNA, monoclonal antibodies and
      genetic probes.

PMID- 3866076
TI  - Reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 9 in atypical chronic myeloid
      leukaemia.
AB  - A balanced translocation t(8;9) (p11;q34) was present in the peripheral blood,
      bone marrow, and spleen cells of a patient with Ph negative chronic myeloid
      leukaemia. Subsequent transformation into acute leukaemia was associated with the
      emergence of trisomy 8 and der(8)(8qter----cen----8p11::9q34----9qter). This is
      the third reported case of t(8;9) (p11;q34) and raises the question of the role
      of c-abl in the pathogenesis of this myeloproliferative disorder.

PMID- 3866077
TI  - HLA antigens in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
AB  - HLA phenotypes were determined in 50 patients with psoriasis alone and in 50
      patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Positive associations were found
      in both groups with B13, B17, B37, Cw6, and DR7, and in addition with C4A6.
      Higher relative risks were found in respect to the patients with psoriasis alone
      compared with those with arthritis, and this suggests the involvement of
      additional genetic factors predisposing to peripheral arthritis. In patients with
      psoriasis only, the presence of Cw6 was associated with a significantly earlier
      age of onset.

PMID- 3866078
TI  - [The effect of cefmenoxime in protection against postoperative infection in
      common gynecological surgery].
AB  - Cefmenoxime (CMX) was administered to protect against postoperative infections in
      52 cases of cesarean section and 50 cases of total abdominal hysterectomy. These
      two represent common operations in the gynecological field. Group I was given the
      agent at a total dose of 14 g (postoperatively 4, 4, 2, 2 and 2 g), group II at a
      total dose of 10 g (postoperatively 2, 2, 2, 2 and 2 g) and group III at a total
      dose of 10 g (2 g during operation and postoperatively 2, 2, 2 and 2 g). 1. When
      comparing the fever index between the groups, group III showed the lowest level
      regardless of the type of operation. 2. When comparing clinical test values
      between the groups, low values of white blood cell count (P less than 0.05, P
      less than 0.01) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P less than 0.05) were
      observed in group III with cesarean section, and significant decreases in white
      blood cell count (P less than 0.05) and CRP (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.001)
      were observed in group III with total abdominal hysterectomy. The above results
      indicate that the administration of CMX during operation was the most effective
      method of administration for protection against postoperative infections in terms
      of changes in fever index and clinical test values.

PMID- 3866079
TI  - [Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluations of ceftizoxime suppositories in
      children].
AB  - Ceftizoxime suppository (CZX-S) was evaluated for its safety, clinical efficacy
      and pharmacokinetics in pediatric patients. The Cmax, 4.8 to 9.5 micrograms/ml,
      was obtained 15 to 30 minutes after administration of CZX-S, and the serum half
      life was 0.93 hour. Cross-over comparison with intramuscular CZX in a child
      showed approximately one-third bioavailability of the suppository against
      intramuscular injection. CZX-S was effective in all the 26 bacterial infections
      including acute pharyngitis, pneumonia, soft tissue infection, and urinary tract
      infections. The causative organisms were eradicated in 95%. Mild diarrhea (17%)
      was the only side effect observed in the study. The data suggest that CZX-S is an
      excellent alternative to oral and injectable antibiotics for the treatment of
      mild to moderate bacterial infections due to the susceptible organisms.

PMID- 3866080
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies of ceftizoxime suppositories in pediatrics].
AB  - Fundamental and clinical studies were carried out on ceftizoxime suppository (CZX
      S), and the following results were obtained in pediatrics. In 4 patients of the
      CZX-S 125 mg-administered group (9.4-9.9 mg/kg), the serum concentration of CZX
      reached a peak of 5.55 micrograms/ml on the average, 30 minutes after dosing,
      i.e. at the time of initial blood collection, and decreased gradually to 0.20
      microgram/ml 6 hours after dosing. The half-life was 1.09 hours. In 5 patients of
      the CZX-S 250 mg-administered group (8.4-18.1 mg/kg), the serum concentration of
      CZX peaked at 7.07 micrograms/ml on the average and then gradually declined to
      0.16 microgram/ml 6 hours after dosing. The half-life was 1.00 hour. The urinary
      recovery rate varied as widely as 6.5-38.0% in all the patients of both groups.
      CZX-S was given to total 19 patients; 8 patients with urinary tract infection
      (UTI), 3 with pharyngitis or tonsillitis, 4 with bronchitis, 2 with pneumonia, 1
      with otitis media and 1 with staphylococcal scalding skin syndrome. The overall
      effect of CZX-S in 15 patients was "effective" or better response, with an
      effectiveness rate of 83.3%, except one who discontinued the drug because of side
      effects. CZX-S was given to most of the patients weighing 15 kg or higher in a
      dose of 250 mg 3-4 times a day and frequently to patients weighing less than 15
      kg in a dose of 125 mg 3-4 times a day. As to side effects, slight diarrhea was
      encountered in 1 patient. Laboratory examinations disclosed an increase in GOT in
      1 patient, which returned to normal after continual insertion of the suppository.

PMID- 3866081
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies of ceftizoxime rectal suppositories in the
      field of pediatrics].
AB  - This paper deals with fundamental and clinical results, in the field of
      pediatrics, of the newly developed rectal suppository (CZX-S) of a cephem
      antibiotic ceftizoxime (CZX). CZX-S was well absorbed in children. The mean peak
      serum concentrations of CZX in the 125 mg-administered group (average: 9.9 mg/kg)
      and the 250 mg-administered group (average: 13.4 mg/kg) were 5.10-7.71
      micrograms/ml at 15-30 minutes after dosing. Serum concentrations of CZX were
      measurable level in almost all the children at 6 hours after administration with
      the half-lives were 1.34-1.55 hours. The 6-hour urinary excretion rate accounted
      for 16.5-22.0%. CZX-S was administered to 30 children with acute upper or lower
      respiratory tract infections about 20-60 mg/kg/day in 3-4 divided portions. CZX-S
      provided favorable therapeutic-effect in most of the children 3-5 days after
      administration. The effectiveness rate was 93%. The causative organisms of H.
      influenzae (3 cases) and S. aureus (4 cases) isolated clinically from pharyngeal
      mucous and sputum were eradicated after administration of CZX-S. Anal pain and
      diarrhea experienced in 5 of the 30 children and CZX-S was withdrawn in 4 (of the
      5) children, but exhibited satisfactory therapeutic-effect in 2 of the 4 cases up
      to withdrawal of the drug. An increase in GOT and GPT was observed in 3 cases.
      The values returned to the normal range in 1 case after the treatment with CZX-S.
      The test was not reexamined in the other 2 cases. The present clinical result
      suggests the usefulness of CZX-S substituted for oral and injectable forms in the
      treatment of various pediatric infections caused by organisms sensitive to CZX.

PMID- 3866082
TI  - [Clinical studies of ceftizoxime suppositories in the pediatric field].
AB  - Ceftizoxime suppository (CZX-S) was given to 19 children with infections,
      including upper and lower respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections
      and otitis media at dose level of 18-83 mg/kg/day divided into 2-3 times.
      Clinical response was excellent in 12 patients, good in 6 patients and poor in 1
      patient. Bacteriological response was eradicated in 11 strains, decreased in 3
      strains and unchanged in 4 strains. No severe side effects were observed with
      this drug. These results obtained suggest that CZX-S should be a useful
      antibiotic in treatment of infections in pediatric field.

PMID- 3866083
TI  - [The clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime suppositories in the pediatric field].
AB  - Clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime suppository (CZX-S), a new antibiotic rectal
      suppository, was performed in 5 cases with bacterial infections in pediatric
      field (2 with acute bronchitis, 1 with acute tonsillitis, UTI and pertussis,
      respectively) and the following results were obtained; Blood levels of CZX at 10
      20 minutes after administration of CZX-S at a dose of 10.0-26.3 mg/kg in 5 cases
      were 3.26-23.3 micrograms/ml and the urinary excretion rates within 6 hours were
      15.2, 60.1, 60.2% in 3 of 5 cases measured respectively. Clinical effects were
      excellent in 3 and good in 2 cases. Slight elevation of GOT and GPT was observed
      in 1 case. No other side effects were observed. The patients' tolerability
      against rectal suppository was good. From the above results, we concluded that
      CZX-S is useful for treating the pediatric patients with various infections.

PMID- 3866084
TI  - [Clinical studies of ceftizoxime suppositories in respiratory tract infections
      and urinary tract infections in children].
AB  - A fundamental and clinical study of ceftizoxime (CZX) suppositories was performed
      in pre-school and school-age children. The average time courses of CZX serum and
      urinary concentrations after administration of CZX suppository 250 mg (i.e. per
      kg body weight doses of 8.3-10.9 mg) to 4 school-age children were as follows.
      Serum concentrations: 6.1 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 6.3 micrograms/ml at 30
      minutes, 3.8 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 1.7 microgram/ml at 2 hours, 0.5
      microgram/ml at 4 hours and 0.2 microgram/ml at 6 hours with a biological half
      life of 1.43 hours. Urinary concentrations: 885 micrograms/ml for 0-2 hours, 209
      micrograms/ml for 2-4 hours and 112 micrograms/ml for 4-6 hours with an average 6
      hour urinary recovery rate of 25.6%. The clinical and biological effectiveness
      and adverse reactions were studied in 11 infants and school-age children
      afflicted with various infections (acute purulent tonsillitis, 1; acute
      bronchitis, 3; acute pneumonia, 4; and UTI, 3). The clinical responsiveness was
      "excellent" in 8, "good" in 2, and "failure" was recorded in 1, with an overall
      efficacy of 90.9% inclusive of "excellent" and "good". The microbiological
      effectiveness of CZX suppositories on presumed pathogenic organisms comprising 4
      strains of H. influenzae, 1 strain of H. parainfluenzae, and 3 strains of E. coli
      was satisfactory, as evidenced by the substantially high eradication rate of
      87.5%. The only organism that survived CZX suppository treatment was 1 strain of
      H. influenzae which however was greatly decreased. The only side effect was
      diarrhea in 1 patient, which however did not necessitate withdrawal of the drug.
      The only laboratory test abnormality was GOT and GPT elevation in 1 patient which
      was normalized within 8 days. In conclusion, CZX suppositories were found to be
      efficacious and safe for treatment of bacterial infections in children.

PMID- 3866085
TI  - [Basic and clinical studies of ceftizoxime suppositories in the pediatric field].
AB  - Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of ceftizoxime suppository (CZX-S) were
      performed in 10 children with the following results. CZX-S attained a peak serum
      concentration of 6.85 micrograms/ml 30 minutes after dosing with the drug 5.6
      mg/kg (one suppository of CZX-S contains 250 mg of CZX in potency). The mean 6
      hour urinary excretion rate in 4 children was 18.9%. The subjects consisted of 8
      patients comprising 1 with pharyngitis, 3 with tonsillitis, 1 with gingivitis and
      3 with urinary tract infection. The overall effect of CZX-S was "excellent" in 5
      patients and "good" in 3, with an effectiveness rate of 100%. No side effects
      ascribable to CZX-S were encountered in any of the patients. A few patients
      complained of discomfort after the first or second insertion of the drug.
      However, the discharge of the suppository was as infrequent as 1.5% of the total
      133 insertions. CZX-S is therefore well tolerated for clinical use in children.
      It is concluded that the unique suppository formulation of CZX-S is useful in the
      treatment of infections in children with heavy psychophysiologic disorders and in
      children who cannot take oral drugs because of severe vomiting.

PMID- 3866086
TI  - [Basic and clinical studies of ceftizoxime suppositories in the pediatric field].
AB  - A bacteriological and clinical study of ceftizoxime suppositories (CZX-S) let to
      the following results. The CZX serum concentration 10 minutes after insertion of
      one 250 mg suppository (i.e. 5.7-15.2 mg CZX per kg body weight) ranged from 1.64
      to 6.53 micrograms/ml (average: 4.41 micrograms/ml). In one child the
      concentration 7 minutes after insertion was 4.13 micrograms/ml. Therapeutic
      responsiveness was recorded as "effective" in 8 (88.9%) of the 9 children who
      were broken down into 6 with tonsillitis, 1 with pharyngitis, and 2 with UTI.
      Bacteriological studies conducted in 5 children have confirmed eradication in 4
      children, one of whom showing appearance of another strain. The rate of discharge
      of the suppository within 10 minutes after insertion was 20.4%. Reddening and
      erosion of the anus were observed in 1 child.

PMID- 3866087
TI  - [Clinical experience with ceftizoxime suppositories in pediatrics].
AB  - Ceftizoxime suppositories (CZX-S), containing 250 mg or 125 mg of CZX, were given
      to 6 children, 4 with acute bronchopneumonia and 2 with acute pharyngobronchitis,
      who were not suited to treatment with injectable or oral form of the drug. The
      clinical response was "good" in all the children and the causative organisms were
      eradicated in 2 children (H. influenzae or S. aureus). Adverse reactions
      consisted of 1 case each of diarrhea and transiently increased GPT. In
      conclusion, CZX-S proved to be highly effective in the treatment of bacterial
      infections in children.

PMID- 3866088
TI  - [Clinical experience with ceftizoxime suppositories in bacterial infections in
      children].
AB  - A clinical trial of ceftizoxime suppositories (CZX-S) was performed to evaluate
      the therapeutic effectiveness in children with bacterial infection. The subjects
      were 10 children comprising 4 with pneumonia, 3 with lacunar tonsillitis, 2 with
      pharyngitis, and 1 with UTI. They were given 1 suppository containing either 125
      mg or 250 mg of CZX 2 to 4 times a day. The daily per kg body weight dose ranged
      from 17.1 to 60.0 mg. The result was "markedly effective" in 3, "effective" in 6,
      and "failure" was recorded in 1. Bacteriologically, successful eradication of
      causative organisms was confirmed in all the 4 children who underwent the test.
      No clinical side effects were observed. The only laboratory test abnormality
      recorded in a single patient was eosinophilia, which was not definitely
      ascribable to CZX-S. In conclusion, CZX-S have proved to be a clinically safe and
      effective antibiotic preparation in infantile infection, even in children whose
      treatment with conventional antibiotics is associated with difficulties.

PMID- 3866089
TI  - [Clinical use of ceftizoxime suppositories in pediatric infection].
AB  - Ceftizoxime suppositories (CZX-S) were given to 5 children comprising 3 with
      acute bronchitis, 1 with acute bronchitis complicated by enteritis, and 1 with
      acute urinary tract infection, in doses of 12.5 12.5-17.4 mg/kg with 1
      suppository containing 125 mg or 250 mg (potency) given 3 times a day. The
      clinical response was "markedly effective" in 2 and "effective" in 3.
      Microbiologically CZX-S caused a eradication of 1 strain each of S. aureus and E.
      coli and caused a decrease of organisms in 1 strain of S. aureus. There were no
      adverse reactions or abnormal laboratory test findings attributable to CZX-S. In
      conclusion, CZX-S proved to be a clinically useful antibiotic preparation for the
      treatment of infection in children not suited to treatment with oral or
      intravenous preparations.

PMID- 3866090
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies on ceftizoxime suppositories in children].
AB  - The peak levels of serum ceftizoxime (CZX) after a single rectal administration
      of CZX-S at doses of 125 and 250 mg in 157 pediatric patients were occurred at 21
      approximately 25 minutes in pediatric patients aged less than 1 year and over
      than 7 years, at 16-20 minutes in 1-3 years patients, at more than 26 minutes in
      4-6 years patients. They were 9.45, 9.58, 11.71, 12.43 mcg/ml, respectively. The
      mean highest levels of serum CZX were 8.56, 10.66, 12.50 mcg/ml after the
      administration of CZX-S as less than 10.0, 10.1-15.0, 15.1-20.0 mg/kg dose
      respectively, all of which were occurred at 21-25 25 minutes. A close dose
      response was observed. The pain of insertion was not observed in any cases. The
      discharge of melted suppository or defecation after administration was observed
      in 15.2% of total 184 cases, which was noticed more frequently in the lower aged
      children. There was no influence by dose. Clinical effects of CZX-S were studied
      in 72 pediatric patients with various infections. CZX-S was administered rectally
      at the mean daily dose of 41.0 mg/kg divided into 3 or 4 times for 6 days.
      Clinical responses were excellent in 46 cases, good in 24 cases, fair in 2 cases.
      The efficacy rate was 97.2%. Regarding side effects, the pain of insertion was
      noted in 2 cases (2.8%), diarrhea in 6 cases (8.3%), the elevation of eosinophil
      in 1 case (1.7%). Bacteriologically, 23 strains (92.0%) out of 25 strains
      isolated from the patients were eradicated.

PMID- 3866091
TI  - [Fundamental study on ceftizoxime suppositories in adults and children].
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of newly developed ceftizoxime suppository (CZX-S) was
      studied in healthy volunteers and in children, compared with that of
      intramuscular CZX and intravenous CZX: In 8 volunteers (aged 19 to 24 years),
      each of 500 mg (potency) CZX-S containing 3%, 4% and 5% sodium caprate was
      compared with 500 mg intramuscular CZX and 500 mg intravenous CZX as a single
      administration in the cross-over method. In addition each of 500 mg CZX-S
      containing 4% and 5% sodium caprate was studied in 2 groups of 8 volunteers (aged
      22 to 24 years) and of 8 volunteers (aged 19 to 27 years); each CZX-S was given 3
      times a day successively for 5 days. The pharmacokinetics of 125 mg and 250 mg
      CZX-S, which contained 3% sodium caprate, were also evaluated as a single
      administration in 9 children (aged 6 years 4 months to 12 years 0 month) and in
      11 children (aged 7 years 8 months to 12 years 4 months), respectively. The
      irritabilities of CZX-S were studied in all subjects who participated in this
      trial. The feeling of foreign body, the feeling of defecation, the burning
      sensation and the pain were evaluated in volunteers; the feeling of defecation
      and the pain were evaluated in children. The results were as follows: I.
      Pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers 1. Given as a single administration The
      mean peak concentrations of serum CZX were occurred 30 minutes after 500 mg CZX-S
      containing 3%, 4% and 5% sodium caprate, which were 10.5 mcg/ml, 12.3 mcg/ml and
      12.4 mcg/ml, respectively. These values were 1.35 mcg/ml, 1.60 mcg/ml and 1.69
      mcg/ml at the conversion unit of 1 mg dose per 1 kg body weight. The mean peak
      serum CZX concentration of CZX-S containing 3% sodium caprate was slightly lower
      than that of CZX-S containing 4% or 5% sodium caprate, but was 1.9 times higher
      than that of the ABPC suppository. There was no marked difference among 3
      preparations of CZX-S in mean Tmax and T1/2. Cmax of CZX-S containing 3% sodium
      caprate was 1.40 mcg/ml at the conversion unit of 1 mg/kg. AUC of CZX-S
      containing 3% sodium caprate was slightly smaller than that of CZX-S containing
      4% or 5% sodium caprate, but 3.1 times that of the ABPC suppository in healthy
      volunteers. When 500 mg CZX was intramuscularly administered by one shot to 8
      volunteers, Tmax was same as that of CZX-S or was slightly later.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3866092
TI  - [Clinical investigation of ceftizoxime sodium suppositories in the field of
      pediatrics].
AB  - The clinical study of CZX-S in the field of pediatrics was performed and the
      following results were obtained. The overall effect of CZX-S was "markedly
      improved" in 2 and "moderately improved" in 4 of the 6 patients with bacterial
      infection. Bacteriological findings show that causative organisms were eradicated
      in all the 5 patients observed. The breakdown of the organisms was S. aureus, S.
      pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and E. coli. The serum concentration of
      CZX was 3.3 approximately 15.4 micrograms/ml (mean +/- S.E. 8.9 +/- 2.0
      micrograms/ml) at 15-37 minutes after initial rectal administration with CZX-S
      125 (dose: 7.7-11.9 mg/kg). While, in the CZX-S 250 administratered group, the
      serum concentration was 3.1 micrograms/ml and 10.5 micrograms/ml at 20 minutes
      after initial rectal administration (dose: 5.6 mg/kg and 14.7 mg/kg). The urinary
      recovery rate up to 6 hours after initial rectal administration was 68.6% in 1
      patient given CZX-S 125 and 28.3-52.5% (mean +/- S.E. 38.7 +/- 7.2%) in 3
      patients given CZX-S 250. Side effects and abnormalities in laboratory test
      values were not observed in any cases.

PMID- 3866093
TI  - [Clinical study of ceftizoxime suppositories in acute suppurative otitis media in
      children and tissue concentration of ceftizoxime in the palatine tonsil after
      administration of ceftizoxime suppositories].
AB  - The newly developed ceftizoxime rectal suppository (CZX-S) contains 125 mg or 250
      mg ceftizoxime (CZX) in potency. From the laboratory and clinical studies on CZX
      S, the following results were obtained. Concentration of CZX in serum and
      palatine tonsil when 250 mg of CZX-S was rectally administered reached the peak
      level rapidly. The serum levels were 9.39 micrograms/ml in 30 minutes, 6.00
      micrograms/ml in 45 minutes, 4.55 micrograms/ml in 60 minutes, 3.87 micrograms/ml
      in 90 minutes and 2.65 micrograms/ml in 120 minutes. The palatine tonsil levels
      were 2.73 micrograms/g in 30 minutes, 1.83 micrograms/g in 45 minutes, 1.54
      micrograms/g in 60 minutes, 0.99 micrograms/g in 90 minutes and 0.74 micrograms/g
      in 120 minutes. About 30% of serum concentrations were distributed into palatine
      tonsil. CZX-S was administered at a daily dose of 375 mg or 750 mg divided 3
      times for 4 approximately 9 days in 19 cases of acute suppurative otitis media of
      children. The overall clinical effect was excellent in 7 cases, good in 7 cases,
      fair in 2 cases and poor in 3 cases. The effectiveness rate was 73.7%. No side
      effects were observed in any cases.

PMID- 3866094
TI  - [Transfer of antibiotics into the liver tissue of infants with hepatic
      dysfunction].
AB  - Transfer of antibiotic (cefmetazole, CMZ) into the liver tissues of the infant
      with hepatic dysfunction, 6 cases of congenital biliary atresia, 4 cases of
      congenital bile duct dilatation, 1 case of congenital biliary hypoplasia, hepatic
      hemangioma and umbilical hernia with congenital heart disease is reported here.
      CMZ level in the liver tissues with hepatic dysfunction shows extremely low. Our
      study revealed that poor transfer of CMZ into the liver tissues might be a main
      cause of the poor excretion of CMZ into the bile in case of jaundiced infant.

PMID- 3866095
TI  - [Cefmenoxime concentrations in human blood, bile and gallbladder in
      administration before surgery].
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of cefmenoxime (CMX) were studied in 13 patients with
      cholecystolithiasis, 6 male and 7 female, ranging from 27 to 69 years of age. All
      patients received a single intravenous dose of CMX 2 g given in a drip infusion
      over 30 minutes. The level of CMX in gallbladder tissues fell from 350 +/- 101
      micrograms/g (mean concentrations, 2.7 hours after administration) to 68 +/- 13
      micrograms/g by 7.2 hours. In bile, the mean concentrations of CMX, 2,595 +/- 624
      micrograms/ml were reached at 2.7 hours after administration, and at 7.2 hours
      the mean concentrations were 103 +/- 60 micrograms/ml. In the study reported
      here, a single 2 g dose of CMX was administered intravenously, and high
      concentrations of CMX in gallbladder tissue and bile were reached at 2.7 hours
      after administration. These results suggested that the administration of CMX at
      about 2.5 hours before surgery might be most effective for prophylaxis.

PMID- 3866096
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of cefotiam in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with
      ruptured cerebral aneurysms in the acute stage].
AB  - The treatment of the patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysm in acute stage is
      performed by direct neck clipping and cisternal drainages for preventing
      vasospasm. The cisternal drainage is carried out for 1 to 2 weeks' duration. The
      cisternal drainage has higher risk for bacterial infections in the cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF). In this paper, penetration characteristics of cefotiam (CTM) in CSF
      were studied. CTM concentrations in CSF were measured at 1, 3 and 6 hours after
      intravenous drip infusion of CTM (2 g). CTM concentration in cisternal CSF was
      higher than that of ventricular CSF. The peak concentration in CSF was higher
      than 0.78 micrograms/ml and obtained at 3 hours after intravenous drip infusion.
      Our data suggest that CTM is a useful cephalosporin for treatment of meningitis
      (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae et al.). Apart from meningitis,
      the higher concentration of CTM in CSF was obtained in the cases with the
      vasospasm. The result may support that the breakdown of blood brain barrier is
      induced by the peroxidative substance from the cisternal subarachnoid clots which
      has the vasospastic activity.

PMID- 3866097
TI  - [The pharmacokinetics and transfer into atrial muscle of ceftizoxime in open
      heart surgery].
AB  - A study of serum and atrial muscle concentration of ceftizoxime (CZX) was
      performed in 28 adult patients having cardiac surgery. Patients were
      administrated a single dose of CZX 2 g intravenously. Serum and atrial muscle
      samples were obtained at suitable intervals before extracorporeal circulation,
      and assayed CZX concentration. Serum concentrations were 54.5 micrograms/ml at 60
      minutes, and 21.8 micrograms/ml at 180 minutes. Atrial tissue levels were 29.9
      micrograms/g at 60 minutes, and 14.8 micrograms/g at 180 minutes. Tissue/serum
      concentration ratio was high value; 0.549 at 60 minutes, 0.679 at 180 minutes.
      Judging from its favorable transfer into atrial muscle and MIC80 against the
      suspected pathogen, CZX seemed to be clinically useful in the treatment of
      infection after cardiac surgery.

PMID- 3866098
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of SM-4300 against bacterial infections in the field of
      internal medicine].
AB  - A new drug of human intact immunoglobulin, SM-4300 was applied to the acute
      respiratory infections in the field of internal medicine. SM-4300 was
      administered intravenously for 1 or 3 days at a daily dose of 2.5 g to 4 patients
      suffering from respiratory infections. We have obtained the results as follows.
      Clinical effects of SM-4300 were good in 2 cases, fair in 1 case, unknown in 1
      case, and no side effects were observed.

PMID- 3866099
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with chronic myelocytic leukemia requiring repeated
      hospitalization due to blast crises--an approach to an adult patient with
      apprehension].

PMID- 3866100
TI  - [Penetration of antimicrobial agents into broncho-alveolar lavage fluids--a
      comparative study of cefotiam and sulbenicillin].

PMID- 3866101
TI  - [An autopsy case of undiagnosed non-reactive miliary tuberculosis associated with
      chronic myelocytic leukemia].

PMID- 3866102
TI  - [Concentration of ceftizoxime (CZX) in myocardial tissue during cardiopulmonary
      bypass (CPB)].

PMID- 3866104
TI  - [T.A.B.P. (intra-aortic balloon pumping)].

PMID- 3866103
TI  - [No cause for panic--rather a challenge. Royal Decree for establishing the list
      of nursing competencies and actions which can be entrusted to nurses by the
      physician].

PMID- 3866105
TI  - [Drowning and its nursing aspects].

PMID- 3866106
TI  - Relapsing acute non-lymphatic leukemia with changing phenotypes.
AB  - Morphological and cytochemical findings in a case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
      with 3 relapses are described. The disease began as a subtype M4 with atypical
      eosinophils according to the French-American-British (FAB)-classification. At the
      time of the first relapse, the phenotype had converted into an M2-subtype, while
      the second relapse presented the picture of an M1-type of acute myeloid leukemia
      with non-granulated peroxidase-positive blasts. When the third relapse occurred,
      the diagnosis was again an M4-type of acute myeloid leukemia. The observed
      changes of the phenotype can be interpreted as an expression of tumor cell
      heterogeneity, even though the observed emergence of new leukemic clones would be
      attributed entirely or in part to effects of the applied cytostatic drugs,
      because tumor cell heterogeneity concerns also the response to therapy, which may
      result in a growth advantage for certain leukemic subpopulations. In so far, AML
      behaves like all other human malignant neoplasias. In addition, morphological
      changes in leukemias such as are reported here, have been observed long before
      the introduction of cytostatic drugs. Also, the validity of the FAB
      classification is discussed in the light of the presented observation. It is
      concluded that the FAB-classification is not a classification in a strict sense,
      but merely a crude and simplistic list of subtypes of acute myeloproliferative
      diseases that is difficult to reproduce and that disregards major aspects of this
      group of diseases, for instance tumor cell heterogeneity.

PMID- 3866107
TI  - [Distribution of antigens of the HLA system (A and B loci) in patients with
      chronic viral hepatitis].

PMID- 3866108
TI  - Child abuse: the role of radiology.

PMID- 3866109
TI  - Flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy: indications and benefits for the office-based
      practice.

PMID- 3866110
TI  - Obstructive sleep apnea: diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 3866111
TI  - Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for sleep apnea.

PMID- 3866112
TI  - Professional ethics in dental education.

PMID- 3866113
TI  - Isolation and characteristics of a leukemia-growth-promoting factor from calf
      thymus.
AB  - Leukemia-growth-promoting factor (LGPF) as we previously reported stimulates the
      growth of a murine leukemia subline (L17R) extensively. LGPF was isolated and
      10(4) fold purified from calf thymuses by a combination of ammonium sulfate
      precipitation, Sephadex G-100 chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography, and
      Mono S-fast protein liquid chromatography (Mono S-FPLC). The mol. wt of LGPF was
      estimated to be approximately 25,000 a.m.u. from the elution pattern of Sephadex
      G-100 chromatography. The activity had high affinity for Mono S beads which are
      cation exchangers. Mono S fractions of LGPF are effective at a low concentration
      of 5 ng/ml. The activity was inactivated by heat (56 degrees C, 30 min), 1 mg/ml
      trypsin (37 degrees C, 1h), and 50 mM dithiothreitol (20 degrees C, 1h). The
      growth L17R leukemia cells are not only stimulated by LGPF, but also by pituitary
      and brain fibroblast growth factor (FGF). These data strongly suggest that LGPF
      is a heat sensitive cationic protein(s) acting as a member of FGF family.

PMID- 3866115
TI  - A murine monoclonal antibody specific for a cell-surface antigen expressed by a
      subgroup of human myeloid leukaemias.
AB  - Murine monoclonal antibody YB5.B8 was raised against leukaemic blasts from a
      patient with M1-type acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL). The antibody, which
      is of IgG1 class, bound to the majority of leukaemic blasts in the immunizing
      population, but not to cells of an autologous EBV-transformed B cell line. The
      antigen was not detected on normal blood or bone marrow cells, or on any of the
      eleven haemopoietic cell lines tested. It was present on some cells in peripheral
      blood specimens from 7/37 patients with ANLL and 1/5 patients with chronic
      myelomonocytic leukaemia and one patient with myelofibrosis with blastic change.
      In contrast, the antigen was not detected on cells in any of the 32 lymphoid
      leukaemic specimens tested, or on cells from four patients with chronic
      granulocytic leukaemia in accelerated chronic phase. In the ANLL group,
      expression of the antigen usually occurred on cells from types M1 or M2 according
      to the F.A.B. classification, and appeared to be associated with an unfavourable
      response to chemotherapy. The antigen was removed from the cell surface by
      digestion with pronase, and was re-expressed after 24 h in culture. Re-expression
      was prevented by the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, but not by
      tunicamycin which inhibits glycosylation. Therefore, it seems likely that YB5.B8
      binds to a peptide antigenic determinant.

PMID- 3866114
TI  - Unexpected absence of a myeloid surface antigen (3-fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine)
      in promyelocytic leukemia.
AB  - According to the criteria of the FAB classification we diagnosed acute
      promyelocytic leukemia in 19 out of 191 AML blast cell populations. The reaction
      pattern with the anti-myeloid monoclonal antibodies VIM2, MCS2 and MY9 and the
      MHC-class II antibody VID1 in all cases showed the characteristics which were
      expected from the normal granulopoiesis. The monoclonal antibody VIM-D5, which
      recognizes the myeloid cell surface structure 3-fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine (3
      FAL), was not reactive with the majority of promyelocytic blast cells, however.
      In 13 cases 3-FAL was not detectable and in 6 cases only low or moderate
      reactivity of VIM-D5 with blast cells was observed. The phenotype of leukemic
      promyelocytes thus differs from the majority of normal promyelocytes in this
      respect.

PMID- 3866116
TI  - Acute myeloblastic leukemia with active tyrosine protein kinase.
AB  - High level of tyrosine protein kinase activity was found in a membrane fraction
      isolated from an acute myeloblastic leukemia, out of 24 leukemias of different
      origin investigated. The major substrate for tyrosine phosphorylation in vitro
      was a 58 kDA protein (p58). The phosphorylation proceeded actively at 0 degrees C
      and was strongly stimulated by Mn2+ ions. Comparison by partial proteolysis of
      the p58 with similar phosphoproteins from a T-lymphoma line (KE37) and from
      lectin stimulated lymphocytes showed high similarity. The possible role of the
      tyrosine kinase activity in this leukemia is discussed.

PMID- 3866117
TI  - Effects of 13-cis retinoic acid and Ara-C on differentiation and proliferation of
      non-promyelocytic acute myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - An alternative to a cell-kill strategy for eradication of acute myelogenous
      leukemia, is to restore normal differentiation. Vitamin A derivatives demonstrate
      differentiation-inducing activity both in vitro and in vivo on promyelocytic
      leukemic cells. We tested the ability of 13-cis retinoic acid to reduce
      proliferation and induce differentiation in 10 samples from patients with acute
      non-promyelocytic leukemia. DNA synthesis and leukemia colony formation were
      affected to varying degrees by a prolonged exposure to the vitamin A compound.
      Morphologically and cytochemically no differentiation was determined either after
      48 h in suspension cultures or 7 additional days in semi-solid cultures. Alkaline
      leukocyte phosphatase, a biochemical marker of differentiation, was significantly
      increased in five samples. DNA synthesis in these samples was significantly
      reduced as compared to samples failing to express alkaline leukocyte phosphatase
      following 13-cis retinoic acid treatment. DNA synthesis of these same 5 samples
      was also strongly inhibited by Ara-C. Expression of alkaline leukocyte
      phosphatase following 13-cis retinoic acid exposure may be a useful indicator for
      cells amenable to 13-cis retinoic acid or Ara-C treatment.

PMID- 3866118
TI  - Leptomeningeal infiltration in rat models for human acute myelocytic and
      lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - With respect to human leukemia, scarce data exist suggesting a difference in the
      leptomeningeal infiltration pattern between acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and
      acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). In the present paper, the growth pattern of
      intrathecally inoculated AML and ALL in rat models is studied. It was observed
      that the leptomeningeal infiltration in ALL is more pronounced than in AML. In
      AML, no infiltration of the pia mater, ventricles or Virchow-Robin spaces were
      seen, in contrast to ALL, where these structures were infiltrated frequently.
      Both models were mimicking the pattern of leptomeningeal infiltration observed in
      the respective human leukemias. These animal models provide reproducible systems
      in which the determinants of metastatic capacity and their therapeutic
      implications for ALL and AML can be studied.

PMID- 3866119
TI  - A cyclic AMP binding protein pattern useful as a biochemical differentiation
      marker of erythroleukemic cell lines and normal cloned erythroblasts.
AB  - Previous study of a variety of a human hemopoietic cell lines and normal samples
      with 8-N3-[32P]-cAMP photoaffinity labelling, SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and autoradiography revealed five distinct cAMP binding protein
      patterns, each of which were restricted to cells of particular lineages. One
      pattern unique to K562 cells was characterized by the presence of three bands
      designated a, b and d. In order to ascertain the significance of this finding, we
      studied by the same methods normal human erythroblasts harvested from
      methylcellulose cultures of fetal liver and adult blood, and murine and human
      erythroleukemic cells (MEL and HEL) as well as K562, cultured with and without
      chemical inducers of erythrodifferentiation. Three band patterns recognizable as
      similar to that of K562, but distinctive from those of myeloid and lymphoid
      cells, were noted of cells of erythroblastic origin. Both HEL and MEL, as well as
      the normal erythroblasts, exhibited heaviest labeling of band a in contrast to
      K562, which exhibited heaviest labelling of band d. Relative labelling of band b
      and d of HEL and MEL increased following treatment with 50 mu hemin or 4 mM
      hexamethylenebisacetamide (HMBA), respectively. Treatment of K562 with hemin,
      however, resulted in increased band a. Thus, among hemopoietic cells, an isozymic
      cAMP binding protein pattern has been identified which is characteristic of the
      erythroid lineage. The relative abundances of the three components (a, b and d)
      have been furthermore noted to undergo a series of shifts during induced
      differentiation. Cyclic AMP binding proteins may thus prove useful as a
      biochemical marker system in the recognition and analysis of erythroid
      differentiation.

PMID- 3866120
TI  - Cytogenetic and DNA-flow cytometric studies of separated blasts.
AB  - With Percoll density gradients, blasts from peripheral blood and bone marrow
      could be separated with a significant enrichment, and very often with a high
      degree of purity. This allowed a study of selected cases, where the separated
      sample exhibited chromosome abnormalities and/or an abnormal DNA content
      distribution (as measured by DNA-flow cytometry). The anomalies were shown to be
      associated with the separated blast fraction.

PMID- 3866121
TI  - Discrepancy between in-vitro and in-vivo inductions of differentiation by
      retinoids of human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells in relapse.
AB  - In-vitro studies of leukemic cells with retinoic acid and a therapeutic clinical
      trial with its derivative, etretinate, in a 58 yr-old male patient with 15;17
      translocation-positive acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in relapse are
      reported. Actinomycin D was used in combination. Bone marrow promyelocytes from
      the patient prior to etretinate and actinomycin D matured morphologically in the
      liquid culture with retinoic acid; 98% were matured myeloid cells after 6 days at
      a concentration of 10(-6) M of retinoic acid as compared with 2% in the control
      culture. Positive NBT reactions were seen in none of the cells in the latter but
      in 95% of the cells in the former. Actinomycin D, when added alone, only induced
      NBT positivity, but, when used in combination with retinoic acid, increased both
      NBT positivity and morphologically matured cells. The patient was treated daily
      with 2 micrograms/kg of actinomycin D (or 20 mg/m2 or 33 mg/m2 cytosine
      arabinoside after the 6th day) in 24-h infusions and per oral 90 mg/body of
      etretinate. No effectiveness was observed both morphologically and clinically.
      The patient expired 15 days after the initiation of etretinate. Thus, a
      discrepancy existed in the response of leukemic cells from this relapsed patient
      with APL to the in-vitro and in-vivo attempts to include differentiation by
      retinoids and actinomycin D.

PMID- 3866122
TI  - Control of in-vivo differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells--V. Regulation by
      response to antigen.
AB  - Regulation of in-vivo differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells by response to
      antigen was analysed with different clones of mouse myeloid leukemic cells and
      human myeloid leukemic cells (HL-60). Differentiation was studied in diffusion
      chambers implanted into the peritoneal cavity of mice and the antigens used were
      bovine serum albumin and chicken ovalbumin. It is shown that the presence of
      either of these antigens in the diffusion chambers can induce differentiation in
      MGI+D+ mouse and human myeloid leukemic cells, and that pre-immunization with
      antigen enhanced this in-vivo differentiation. This enhancement showed
      immunological specificity and was transferred from immunized to non-immunized
      mice by spleen cells enriched for T lymphocytes. In contrast to these results
      with MGI+D+ clones of myeloid leukemic cells, clones of WEHI-3B myeloid leukemic
      cells were induced to differentiate in vivo to the same extent either in the
      presence or absence of antigen. The results indicate: that in-vivo
      differentiation of MGI+D+ clones of myeloid leukemic cells can be induced by
      response to antigen and that in-vivo differentiation of different clones of
      myeloid leukemic cells can be regulated in different ways.

PMID- 3866123
TI  - Immunologic, morphologic and chromosomal characterization of a cell line (TC78)
      established from a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - We characterized a cell line established from bone marrow cells from a child with
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This cell line, TC78, had lymphoblastic morphology
      and was cytoplasmic peroxidase and esterase negative. The cells did not have T-
      or B-cell properties such as E- or EAC-rosette forming ability, reactivity with
      monoclonal T-cell or B2 antibodies, or immunoglobulin synthesis. We concluded
      that TC78 was a pre-pre B-cell line based on the following monoclonal antibody
      staining pattern: BA-1+, BA-2+, cALLa+, Ia+, 2H7+ and OKB2+. Growth in 'Dickie'
      culture and reactivity with 1G10 myeloid antibody suggested coexpression of
      lymphoid and myeloid characteristics. However, 1G10 expression proved dependent
      on culture conditions, illustrating one caveat in application of monoclonal
      antibodies in lineage determination.

PMID- 3866124
TI  - High incidence of acute myeloid leukemia in SJL/J mice after X-irradiation and
      corticosteroids.
AB  - SJL/J mice which developed a high incidence of spontaneous reticulum cell
      neoplasms, developed a low rate incidence (20-25%) of myeloid leukemia (ML) after
      X-irradiation. The possible effect of adrenal steroid imbalance to radiation
      induced ML in SJL/J mice was tested. Intact and thymectomized animals were
      exposed to a single dose of 300 r whole body irradiation and treated with either
      hydrocortisone acetate, prednisone, metyrapone and adrenocorticotropin as
      coleukemogenic agents. Hydrocortisone and prednisone exerted a marked
      coleukemogenic effect, increasing the ML incidence to a similar rate of about 50
      70%, at a mean latent period of 300 days. Prominent leukemic infiltration were
      observed in the bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes and liver of the leukemic
      animals. Results of cytological and histological studies, including cytochemistry
      and ultrastructure, were all consistent with the diagnosis of acute myeloid
      leukemia (AML). Since AML is the type of human secondary leukemia which appears
      increasingly in patients treated with alkylating drugs and/or irradiation and
      corticosteroids for Hodgkin's disease or other neoplastic diseases, the
      experimental model of AML induced in SJL/J mice could be used for elucidation of
      mechanisms of leukemogenesis in secondary leukemia.

PMID- 3866125
TI  - Avian monocytic leukemia cells release fibroblast growth factor: implications to
      associated myelofibrosis.
AB  - The marrow of chicks with leukemia induced by avian 'myeloblastosis' virus (AMV)
      exhibited a 5-10-fold increase in the number of fibroblast colony-forming cells
      (CFU-F). The increased CFU-F correlated with a mild fibrosis which can be seen in
      the marrow of these animals. Fibroblast proliferation likely was not simply due
      to the presence of leukemic cells because addition of formaldehyde-fixed
      peripheral leukemic cells failed to initiate CFU-F growth. Conditioned medium
      (CM) from day-4 cultures of peripheral leukemic cells was markedly stimulatory to
      CFU-F growth. The stimulatory activity was not due to virus released from the
      leukemic cells as, (1) removal of virus by pelleting had no effect on the CM
      activity and (2) direct inoculation of CFU-F cultures with virus failed to
      stimulate CFU-F growth. Normal avian marrow macrophage monolayers also released
      high levels of a fibroblast growth factor and both the macrophage-derived and
      leukemic cell-derived factors were heat-labile (65 degrees, 30 min).

PMID- 3866126
TI  - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma associated with an isochromosome 7q.

PMID- 3866127
TI  - State of education.

PMID- 3866128
TI  - The industry as we see it.

PMID- 3866129
TI  - State of the industry: 1985.

PMID- 3866130
TI  - Competing for the dentist's attention: can a dentist tell the difference between
      a $35 and $75 crown? The crown experiment.

PMID- 3866131
TI  - The Philippine connection.

PMID- 3866132
TI  - How to handle morale problems.

PMID- 3866133
TI  - The dental lab and the future. Dialing your way to new business.

PMID- 3866134
TI  - Molecular cloning of genes for blood coagulation factors.

PMID- 3866135
TI  - Recombinant DNA techniques in the pharmaceutical industry.

PMID- 3866136
TI  - Molecular biology, the new genetics and vaccine development.

PMID- 3866137
TI  - [Rehabilitation during radiotherapy of osteosarcomas in children and
      adolescents].

PMID- 3866138
TI  - Infectious diseases: danger within the dental office.

PMID- 3866139
TI  - [Echocardiographic evaluation in pediatric patients treated with anthracyclines].

PMID- 3866140
TI  - Clinical manifestations of chronic leukemias.

PMID- 3866141
TI  - Phosphorylation of membrane proteins by cytosolic casein kinases in human
      erythrocytes. Effect of monovalent ions, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate and spermine.
AB  - Membrane proteins of human erythrocytes can be phosphorylated not only by
      membrane casein kinase (MS) but also by cytosolic casein kinases CS and CTS,
      resembling casein kinase I and II, respectively. Casein kinase CS, like membrane
      casein kinase MS, preferentially phosphorylates membrane proteins such as band 2
      (spectrin, beta-subunit) and band 3, which are the major phosphate-acceptor
      proteins in the endogenous phosphorylation of isolated ghosts in the presence of
      [gamma-32P]ATP. By contrast, cytosolic casein kinase CTS phosphorylates, in
      addition to band 2, some membrane proteins, whose endogenous phosphorylation in
      isolated ghosts under the same conditions is negligible, if any. The CS- and CTS
      catalyzed phosphorylations exhibit different response to increasing NaCl (or KCl)
      concentrations up to physiological levels (140 mM KCl, 20 mM NaCl); i.e. CS- and
      MS-catalyzed phosphorylations are strongly inhibited by 75-150 mM KCl (or NaCl),
      while CTS-catalyzed phosphorylation is practically unaffected. In the absence of
      added NaCl, CS- and MS-catalyzed phosphorylations are markedly inhibited by 1.5-3
      mM 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, whereas CTS-catalyzed phosphorylation appears to be
      practically unaffected. Finally, CS- and MS-catalyzed phosphorylations are
      slightly inhibited also by 1 mM spermine, while CTS-catalyzed phosphorylation is
      enhanced by this polycation concentration.

PMID- 3866143
TI  - On dating, marriage and other strange relationships: the future of singular
      hospitals.

PMID- 3866142
TI  - [Current status of biotechnology in animal breeding].
AB  - On the basis of the embryo transfer new and developing biotechnologies including
      cryopreservation of embryos, sex predetermination and sex diagnosis (sexing), in
      vitro fertilization, cloning and production of chimaeras and of transgenic
      animals are discussed.

PMID- 3866144
TI  - Do not resuscitate orders in nursing homes: the need for physicians to
      communicate and to document.

PMID- 3866145
TI  - The silent ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 3866146
TI  - [Serum levels of the CA-125 antigen in the diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms].

PMID- 3866147
TI  - [Initial considerations on the use of PGE2 in the induction of labor].

PMID- 3866148
TI  - Morphological and electrophysiological studies of a multiple photoreceptive
      system in a marine gastropod, Onchidium.

PMID- 3866149
TI  - Early events in visual transduction in Limulus photoreceptors.

PMID- 3866150
TI  - Electrical properties of horizontal cell network in the carp retina.

PMID- 3866151
TI  - Factors controlling the release of GABA from goldfish retinal horizontal cells.

PMID- 3866152
TI  - Early processing of colour and motion in a mosaic visual system.

PMID- 3866153
TI  - Correlations between photoresponse and morphology of amacrine cells in the carp
      retina.

PMID- 3866154
TI  - Neuron network in catfish retina.

PMID- 3866155
TI  - Visual defects in mouse hypopigmentation mutants.

PMID- 3866156
TI  - The dependence of photoexcitation on the region of a single photoreceptor in the
      fly compound eye.

PMID- 3866157
TI  - Intracellular response and input resistance change of pineal photoreceptors and
      ganglion cells.

PMID- 3866158
TI  - Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3866159
TI  - Massive hemoptysis.

PMID- 3866160
TI  - The charitable obligations of the physician.

PMID- 3866161
TI  - A 28-year-old man with a left-sided palatal mass.

PMID- 3866162
TI  - Institutional ethics and graduate medical education.

PMID- 3866163
TI  - Epidermoid cysts of the cranium.

PMID- 3866164
TI  - Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the skull. Five-year disease-free survival
      following surgery and high dose methotrexate therapy.

PMID- 3866165
TI  - Silicone granulomas of the breast.

PMID- 3866166
TI  - Erythroleukemia in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer.

PMID- 3866167
TI  - Massive hemoptysis due to retained rib fragment 40 years after thoracotomy.

PMID- 3866168
TI  - Porcelain gallbladder in a 24-year-old woman.

PMID- 3866169
TI  - Thrombophlebitis: an unusual cause of chest pain.

PMID- 3866170
TI  - A large swallowed foreign body in the esophagus.

PMID- 3866171
TI  - Correction: procainamide versus Procan SR.

PMID- 3866172
TI  - Parathyroid surgery in chronic renal failure.
AB  - In hyperparathyroidism associated with endstage renal failure, either subtotal,
      or total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation have been advocated as
      potentially curative for those patients non-responsive to medical therapy.
      Seventeen such patients managed by the Wellington renal unit were reviewed as to
      indications for, and responses to, surgery. Itch, psychiatric symptoms, joint
      ache, muscular weakness, gritty eyes and thirst were the major symptoms for which
      surgery was recommended. Hypercalcaemia (universal in women) and deterioration in
      bone radiology were additional indications for operation. All showed remarkable
      postoperative improvement. Symptomatic hypocalcaemia was significant in 41%. This
      observation has led to intensified pre- and postoperative vitamin D and calcium
      therapy. Postoperative radiologic improvement at three months was apparent in 80%
      of patients. We advocate subtotal parathyroidectomy as the effective surgical
      treatment of choice for uraemic hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 3866173
TI  - Late results of valve replacement and factors influencing survival in patients
      with severe chronic mitral regurgitation.
AB  - Between July 1967 and September 1981 50 patients with isolated severe mitral
      regurgitation underwent mitral valve replacement. There were 29 males and 21
      females (mean age 52 years). The aetiology of the valve lesion was rheumatic in
      14 patients (mean age 42 years) and non-rheumatic in 36 patients (mean age 56
      years). At the time of operation 36 patients (72%) were in class 3 or 4 of the
      New York Heart Association classification (mean duration of symptoms 20 months).
      Pre-operative ejection fraction was normal in only four patients (8%) and was
      below 0.50 in 27 patients (54%). There were two early deaths (4%) within one
      month of operation, and 17 late deaths (34%) during a follow-up period of four
      months to 10 years (mean 43 months). Actuarial analysis showed a 71% survival at
      five years and a 62% survival at 10 years after valve replacement. Of the 31
      current survivors, 22 (71%) are in class 1 of the New York Heart Association
      classification, and all but two patients showed significant improvement in
      symptoms. Significant morbidity after operation occurred in 10 patients (20%) and
      was largely related to problems with anticoagulant control. Analysis of factors
      which may influence survival, showed that age greater than 55 years and
      parameters of left ventricular geometry, demonstrated by angiography, were the
      major determinants of survival.

PMID- 3866174
TI  - Prescribing exercise in general practice.

PMID- 3866175
TI  - On coeliac disease.

PMID- 3866176
TI  - General practitioners in hospitals.

PMID- 3866178
TI  - Test for halothane hepatitis.

PMID- 3866177
TI  - Abortion.

PMID- 3866179
TI  - Obstetrics at the periphery.

PMID- 3866180
TI  - Notification of human hydatid disease in New Zealand.

PMID- 3866181
TI  - Fluoridation of water.

PMID- 3866182
TI  - Ceftriaxone-induced colitis.

PMID- 3866183
TI  - New Zealand Medical Association--a voluntary body or compulsory membership?

PMID- 3866184
TI  - Trends in coronary heart disease mortality in New Zealand and Sweden. Why the
      difference?
AB  - Coronary heart disease mortality has shown a downward trend in New Zealand during
      the 1970s as in most western countries. In contrast, Sweden, which has a similar
      health care system to New Zealand, has shown a continuing increase in coronary
      mortality for males during the same period. Medical and surgical management of
      ischaemic heart disease in Sweden is very similar to that found in New Zealand
      and possibly more intensive in some respects. Hypertension detection and control
      measures have been successfully applied in Sweden as in New Zealand and a similar
      reduction in cigarette smoking has occurred in both countries. However, whereas
      significant beneficial changes have occurred in the New Zealand diet during the
      past two decades, dietary change, although actively promoted, has not occurred in
      Sweden for various reasons. The lack of dietary change in Sweden has been coupled
      with a probable reduction in habitual physical activity in the adult population.
      Diet appears to be a principal determinant of coronary disease incidence, and
      population dietary change an important prerequisite for effective primary
      prevention. In the absence of dietary change, the effect of primary and secondary
      preventive measures may be limited. The reasons that appropriate dietary
      recommendations have not been successful in Sweden can be examined and are
      instructive for effective prevention in all countries.

PMID- 3866185
TI  - Can child abuse be prevented?

PMID- 3866186
TI  - The mental health of mothers of preschool children: some preliminary data.
AB  - Psychiatric symptomatology was assessed in a group of mothers of preschool
      children. One fifth described the number of symptoms suggestive of a psychiatric
      diagnosis. The findings are discussed with reference to previous work.

PMID- 3866187
TI  - Colonoscopy and the followup of colorectal carcinoma.
AB  - The colonoscopy findings in 100 patients who had had a previous resection for
      colorectal carcinoma are reviewed. This postoperative surveillance was aimed at
      discovering benign or malignant neoplastic growth within the remaining large
      bowel. Six patients had further carcinoma discovered at colonoscopy followup,
      five of these were symptomless. Twenty-eight patients had one or more adenomas. A
      special risk group was confirmed: patients with multiple neoplasia in the
      original resected specimen have over a 50% chance of further adenomas being
      present. This represents a worthwhile yield and colonoscopy surveillance of the
      remaining colon should be part of the followup programme in these patients.

PMID- 3866189
TI  - National RMO survey on working hours.

PMID- 3866188
TI  - Acute epiglottitis in childhood, Christchurch 1970-84.
AB  - The case records of 31 children presenting to Christchurch Hospital with acute
      epiglottitis over the last 15 years have been reviewed. There has been a
      significant increase in incidence over this period (p less than 0.05). Despite
      generally classical presenting features the disease was recognised in only 26% of
      children when seen by general practitioners prior to admission. The increasing
      problem of ampicillin resistance to Haemophilus influenzae type b locally has
      resulted in a change in first line antibiotic therapy in recent years. Changes
      have also occurred in methods of airway management with elective nasotracheal
      intubation now the usual procedure.

PMID- 3866190
TI  - Measles immunisation in South Auckland.

PMID- 3866191
TI  - A & E utilisation.

PMID- 3866192
TI  - Brucellosis eradication.

PMID- 3866193
TI  - Chlamydia infections.

PMID- 3866194
TI  - German euthanasia programme.

PMID- 3866195
TI  - Ketotifen and asthma.

PMID- 3866196
TI  - Fluoridation of water.

PMID- 3866197
TI  - Minerals in infant foods.

PMID- 3866198
TI  - Homosexuality.

PMID- 3866199
TI  - Osteomalacia in the elderly: investigation and diagnosis.
AB  - Osteomalacia in New Zealand and Australia has previously been thought rare. The
      medical records of 22 elderly inpatients diagnosed as having osteomalacia on
      biopsy criteria in Dunedin between January 1980 and December 1983 were reviewed.
      Risk factors, mode of presentation, month of presentation, biochemistry, bone
      biopsy, bright line counting and bone scans were assessed. Our findings, and a
      review of the diagnosis of osteomalacia in the elderly are discussed. We conclude
      that in the elderly, osteomalacia is not uncommon, and recommend increased
      attention to risk factors and biochemical screening.

PMID- 3866200
TI  - Progression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to congestive cardiomyopathy: case
      report.
AB  - A case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy presenting with chest pain and dyspnoea was
      followed for 18 years. During this time the patient showed a progressive loss of
      cardiac murmurs and over the last 12 months of life developed a dilatated
      cardiomyopathy associated with congestive heart failure, supraventricular and
      ventricular tachyarrhythmias.

PMID- 3866202
TI  - Microleakage in class V composite restoration--an examination of transverse
      serial sections.

PMID- 3866201
TI  - Antifungal agents.

PMID- 3866203
TI  - I won!!! Or memoirs of a trial.

PMID- 3866204
TI  - Licensure by credentials--a call for action.

PMID- 3866206
TI  - The current status of forensic odontology.

PMID- 3866205
TI  - Stress management for the dentist and staff.

PMID- 3866207
TI  - Claims office communication.

PMID- 3866208
TI  - Multifocal white lesions of the oral mucosa in a young woman.

PMID- 3866209
TI  - Periodontal assessment forms. An essential element in the patient treatment plan.

PMID- 3866210
TI  - Fundamental requirements of electrosurgery. Part two.

PMID- 3866211
TI  - The management of impacted maxillary incisors secondary to supernumeraries.

PMID- 3866212
TI  - Osteogenic sarcoma of the breast. A case report and review of the literature.

PMID- 3866213
TI  - How to evaluate CE offerings.

PMID- 3866215
TI  - Retrofilling in endodontics.

PMID- 3866214
TI  - Prostaglandin F2 alpha treatment of feline open pyometra.
AB  - Pyometra is not a very common problem in feline practice. When it occurs it often
      results in sterility in spite of proper medical treatment. Prostaglandins have
      been used in the treatment of reproductive abnormalities including pyometra in
      different animal species (Boothe 1984). Therefore it was taken in as a treatment
      of the pyometra in five breeding cats, where ovariohysterectomy was undesirable.

PMID- 3866216
TI  - South Seas dentistry--island style.

PMID- 3866217
TI  - [Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Recommendations of a group of French
      physicians and hemophilia specialists. Pont a Mousson, June 1, 1985].

PMID- 3866219
TI  - Hold my hand, let me not feel the loss! A nursing care study.

PMID- 3866220
TI  - Trends and directions in developmental research.
AB  - Perhaps one of the most dramatic fundamental changes in our views of child
      development has been the relatively recent shift from Freud's view of the infant
      as an individual struggling to avoid displeasure to Piaget's view of an
      individual who from the first day of life is essentially an active initiator of
      all kinds of interactions with his or her environment. Subsequent interactional
      research shifted the focus again to the interaction among biologic,
      psychological, and environmental factors. Within this context, infant behavior
      has probably been the largest single expanding area of child development research
      in recent years. Some discernible trends and directions of special interest to
      the clinician will be noted here.

PMID- 3866218
TI  - A processed pseudogene in an intron of the HLA-DP beta 1 chain gene is a member
      of the ribosomal protein L32 gene family.
AB  - A sequence in an intron of the human HLA-DP beta 1 gene was identified by its
      homology to the gene encoding ribosomal protein L32 (rpL32). It lacked introns
      indicating that it was derived from a processed rpL32 mRNA transcript. A human
      cDNA clone encoding rpL32 was isolated and compared to this human pseudogene and
      to several related mouse sequences, one of which is contained in an intron of the
      murine dihydrofolate reductase gene. Comparison of these sequences revealed that
      they were more related within species than between, suggesting that they became
      inserted in the genome after man and mouse diverged.

PMID- 3866221
TI  - Effects of some antidepressant drugs on apomorphine concentration in the central
      nervous system of rats and apomorphine-induced stereotypy.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic aspects of interaction between antidepressant drugs (AD) and
      apomorphine (APO) have been studied. It was found that neither acute nor chronic
      AD pretreatment affected the distribution of APO-induced stereotypy was not
      changed. An exception was citalopram (CIT) which given in a single dose to rats
      significantly potentiated APO-induced gnawing. Single dose of investigated AD
      delayed the onset of APO-induced sniffing, licking and gnawing, however the
      overall effect did not reach the statistically significant level. The presented
      results suggest that changes of APO behavioral effects induced by AD pretreatment
      are rather due to pharmacodynamic and not pharmacokinetic interaction.

PMID- 3866222
TI  - Dynamics of contact area and approximal caries.

PMID- 3866223
TI  - Bipolaroxin, a selective phytotoxin produced by Bipolaris cynodontis.
AB  - Two sesquiterpenes have been isolated from the fungal pathogen of Bermuda grass
      Bipolaris cynodontis. Chemical, spectral, and x-ray diffraction studies have led
      to the characterization of these as bipolaroxin and dihydrobipolaroxin, highly
      oxygenated members of the eremophilane family. Bipolaroxin is phytotoxic to some
      but not all of the plants tested. To our knowledge, a phytotoxin with host
      selectivity isolated from a weed pathogen has not been reported previously.

PMID- 3866224
TI  - Femtomole analysis of prostaglandin pharmaceuticals.
AB  - An analytical method is described whereby the major classes of prostaglandins are
      fully resolved by microcolumn liquid chromatography and detected at the
      subfemtomole level by laser-induced fluorescence. The prostaglandins are labeled
      with the fluorescent reagent 4-bromo-methyl-7-methoxycoumarin and are
      subsequently separated on a high-efficiency fused-silica microcolumn (0.2 mm
      i.d., 1.06 m length, 150,000 theoretical plates). The optimal chromatographic
      conditions consist of a 3-micron octadecylsilica packing material and an
      isocratic mobile phase of 47.6% methanol, 23.8% acetonitrile, and 28.6% water.
      The prostaglandin derivatives are detected directly on the microcolumn by laser
      fluorimetry, using a helium/cadmium laser (325 nm, 15 mW) as the excitation
      source together with a simple filter/photo-multiplier optical detection system.
      In real sample matrices, the prostaglandin PGF2 alpha is readily quantifiable
      from the detection limit (0.3 fmol) to the formulation strength of the
      therapeutic agent Lutalyse (Upjohn), spanning more than six orders of magnitude
      in concentration. The simplicity and general applicability of the present
      analytical methodology and instrumentation suggest that this technique can be
      used to attack a wide variety of biomedically important problems with exceptional
      sensitivity and selectivity.

PMID- 3866225
TI  - Sequence-dependent energetics of the B-Z transition in supercoiled DNA containing
      nonalternating purine-pyrimidine sequences.
AB  - The likelihood that a given DNA sequence will adopt the Z conformation in
      negatively supercoiled DNA depends on the energy difference between the B form
      and the Z form for that sequence relative to other sequences in the same
      molecule. This energy can be viewed simply as a sum of energies for the nearest
      neighbor interactions within the sequence plus the energy required to stabilize
      the B-Z boundaries. Knowledge of these energetic terms would be of value in
      predicting when sequences become left-handed in response to negative
      superhelicity. Here we present an approach that can be used to determine the free
      energy changes associated with all the nearest-neighbor interactions that can
      occur in Z-DNA. Synthetic stretches of d(C-G)n containing one or two
      transversions were cloned into plasmids, and the extent of the B-Z transition as
      a function of negative superhelicity was determined for each insert by two
      dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis. By subjecting the data to statistical
      mechanical analysis, it was possible to evaluate the energetic penalty resulting
      from each base-pair (bp) substitution. Guanine to cytosine transversions cost 2.4
      kcal (1 cal = 4.18 J)/(mol X bp), whereas guanine to thymine transversions cost
      3.4 kcal/(mol X bp), to stabilize in the Z conformation. We have used these
      numbers, along with energetic values determined by others for the B-Z transition,
      to predict that certain strictly nonalternating purine and pyrimidine sequences
      may adopt the Z form readily.

PMID- 3866226
TI  - Proteins tightly associated with the termini of replicative form DNA of Kilham
      rat virus, an autonomous parvovirus.
AB  - Revie et al. [Revie, D., Tseng, B. Y., Grafstrom, R. H. & Goulian, M. (1979)
      Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 5539-5543] have proposed that the double-stranded
      replicative form (RF) DNA of the autonomous rodent parvovirus H-1 has protein of
      60 kDa covalently bound at its 5' termini. We present evidence that the RF DNA of
      a similar rodent parvovirus, Kilham rat virus (KRV), also has covalently bound
      protein. NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified, 125I-labeled RF
      DNA shows that proteins of 68-72, 66, 64, and 55 kDa copurify with the DNA during
      velocity and equilibrium sedimentation in the presence of detergents and 4 M
      guanidine HCl. Phenol extraction in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol removes the
      68- to 72-kDa proteins, but the 66-, 64-, and 55-kDa proteins remain tightly, but
      noncovalently, bound. The latter polypeptides also appear to associate with
      protease-treated RF DNA when mixed with uninfected cell extract. Following
      removal of these proteins by electrophoresis in NaDodSO4/agarose gels, two
      proteins (called RF TP-90 and RF TP-40), of about 90 and 40 kDa, become evident.
      These remain bound to the DNA and are released only after nuclease digestion of
      the DNA. These two proteins, apparently not of viral origin, are associated with
      terminal restriction fragments of the RF DNA and appear to be covalently bound to
      the 5' termini of both strands.

PMID- 3866227
TI  - Autoimmune anti-androgen-receptor antibodies in human serum.
AB  - Circulating autoantibodies to human and rat androgen receptors are present at
      high titers in the blood sera of some patients with prostate diseases. The
      antibodies from some serum samples were associated with a purified IgG fraction
      and interacted with the 3.8S cytosolic androgen-receptor complexes of rat ventral
      prostate to form 9- to 12S units. Other serum samples, however, formed 14- to 19S
      units, suggesting that other immunoglobulins might be involved. In the presence
      of an anti-human immunoglobulin as a second antibody, the androgen-receptor
      antibody complexes could be immunoprecipitated. The antibodies interacted with
      the nuclear and the cytosolic androgen-receptor complexes, either the DNA-binding
      or the nonbinding form, but not with receptors for estradiol, progestin, or
      dexamethasone from a variety of sources. Human testosterone/estradiol-binding
      globulin, rat epididymal androgen-binding protein, or rat prostate alpha-protein
      (a nonreceptor steroid-binding protein) also did not interact with the antibodies
      to form immunoprecipitates. About 37% of male and 3% of female serum samples
      screened had significant antibody titer. The chance of finding serum with a high
      titer is much better in males older than 66 years than in the younger males or
      females at all ages. The presence of the high-titer antibodies may make it
      possible to prepare monoclonal antibodies to androgen receptors without
      purification of the receptors for immunization.

PMID- 3866228
TI  - Nonconsensus branch-site sequences in the in vitro splicing of transcripts of
      mutant rabbit beta-globin genes.
AB  - Mutants of the rabbit beta-globin gene lacking the natural site of branch
      formation in the second intervening sequence have been analyzed for in vitro
      splicing activity. RNAs transcribed from these mutants were spliced, via lariat
      formation, at a reduced rate compared to wild-type RNA. The sites of branch
      formation were mapped by direct RNA analysis and primer-extension analysis. The
      sequences at the branch sites in the three mutants examined did not conform to
      the previously determined consensus sequence, nor were the 5' splice sites and
      branch sites complementary.

PMID- 3866229
TI  - Control of oxidative metabolism and oxygen delivery in human skeletal muscle: a
      steady-state analysis of the work/energy cost transfer function.
AB  - The concept of transfer function for organ performance (work output vs.
      biochemical input) is developed for skeletal and cardiac muscle under steady
      state exercise conditions. For metabolic control by the ADP concentration, the
      transfer function approximates a Michaelis-Menten hyperbola. Variation of the
      work identifies metabolic operating points on the transfer function corresponding
      to ADP concentrations or to a ratio of inorganic phosphate to phosphocreatine
      that can be determined by phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance. This operating
      point is characterized by the fraction (V/Vmax) of maximal activity of oxidative
      metabolism in the steady state. This quantity appears to be useful in predicting
      the degree to which metabolic homeostasis is effective; poorly controlled
      metabolic states can readily be identified and are used in the diagnosis and
      therapy of metabolic disease in the organs of neonates and adults.

PMID- 3866230
TI  - Complete nucleotide sequence of dog heart creatine kinase mRNA: conservation of
      amino acid sequence within and among species.
AB  - Creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) plays an important role in energy metabolism in
      brain and muscle. Expression of CK isoenzymes is regulated during development and
      is tissue specific. To define the structures of canine CK isoenzymes and to
      elucidate the mechanism of regulation in their expression, CK cDNA clones from
      dog myocardium were isolated. Myocardial CK mRNA is predicted to encode a protein
      of 381 amino acids. The nontranslated regions of the mRNA comprise at least 38
      bases at the 5' end and exactly 345 bases before the poly(A) tail. Partial
      protein sequences of dog muscle (M) CK and brain (B) CK subunits were determined
      and compared with the derived amino acid sequence of the myocardial enzyme and of
      M CK subunits of other species. The M CK subunits from different species share a
      very high degree (83-96%) of sequence identity. Dog M and B subunits share
      extensive sequence identity (74%), a degree of similarity not previously
      suspected. Southern blot analysis suggests that a CK gene family exists. These
      observations imply that evolutionary changes in the M CK subunit structure are
      constrained by the need for preservation of functional properties other than the
      kinase activity. This conservation is consistent with the possibility that the M
      subunit plays a structural role in cardiac and skeletal muscle.

PMID- 3866231
TI  - Isolation and characterization of leukotriene C4 synthetase of rat basophilic
      leukemia cells.
AB  - When leukotriene (LT) A4 was incubated with subcellular fractions of sonicated
      rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells in the presence of glutathione, the enzyme
      producing LTC4, designated LTC4 synthetase, was found in the 105,000 X g pellet
      (microsomes) with a 3-fold enrichment in specific activity over that of the
      sonicate. The identification of the reaction product as LTC4 was confirmed by its
      identical retention time on reverse-phase HPLC to that of synthetic LTC4, the
      incorporation of [3H]glutathione into the product, its reactivity in a
      radioimmunoassay, and its UV absorption spectrum. In contrast, glutathione S
      transferase activity, measured spectrophotometrically with 1-chloro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene, was detected predominantly in the 105,000 X g supernatant (89%)
      and also in the microsomes (7%). The microsomal glutathione S-transferase and
      LTC4 synthetase were solubilized with 0.4% Triton X-102 and separated by DEAE
      Sephacel chromatography; the former appeared in the effluent and the latter in
      the eluate after the addition of 0.16 M NaCl to the equilibration buffer.
      Solubilized, microsomal glutathione S-transferase was inhibited by S
      hexylglutathione with an IC50 of 36 microM and was stable at 40 degrees C for 5
      min, whereas LTC4 synthetase was only slightly inhibited (IC50, 2.3 mM) by S
      hexylglutathione and retained no activity after incubation at 40 degrees C for 5
      min. The partially purified LTC4 synthetase showed a specific activity of 1.34 +/
      0.51 nmol of LTC4 per 10 min per mg of protein (mean +/- SD, n = 9),
      representing a 10-fold purification from the sonicate and catalyzed the dose- and
      time-dependent production of LTC4 from LTA4 and glutathione. The apparent Km
      values for LTA4 and glutathione were estimated by Lineweaver-Burk plots to be 5
      10 microM and 3-6 mM, respectively. These results indicate that the conjugation
      of LTA4 with glutathione to form LTC4 is catalyzed by a unique microsomal enzyme.

PMID- 3866232
TI  - Modification of DNA by glucose 6-phosphate induces DNA rearrangements in an
      Escherichia coli plasmid.
AB  - Reducing sugars such as glucose or glucose 6-phosphate (Glc-6-P) have been shown
      previously to modify the amino groups of nucleotides and single-stranded DNA. We
      have examined the mutagenic effect of Glc-6-P-induced lesions in the double
      stranded DNA plasmid pBR322. Seventeen mutants of the Ampr Tets phenotype were
      isolated from plasmid preparations whose transforming capacity had been decreased
      by incubation with Glc-6-P. A number of the mutant plasmids were found to have
      undergone gross DNA alterations, including insertions and deletions, as well as
      the development of multiple species originating from a single cell. The ability
      of an endogenous reducing sugar to induce extensive DNA rearrangements suggests
      that these lesions may be significant contributors to cellular mutation.

PMID- 3866233
TI  - Amino-terminal processing of proteins: hemoglobin South Florida, a variant with
      retention of initiator methionine and N alpha-acetylation.
AB  - The hemoglobin variant South Florida has been shown by protein sequencing and
      fast-atom-bombardment mass spectroscopy to have a substitution of methionine for
      the NH2-terminal valine of the beta-globin chain. In addition, there was complete
      retention of the initiator methionine on the mutant polypeptide. Approximately
      20% of the protein was acetylated at the NH2 terminus of the beta chain. A search
      of a comprehensive data bank of protein and gene sequences revealed 84 unrelated
      vertebrate proteins that have not undergone cleavage of leader sequences. A
      highly nonrandom distribution of residues at the NH2 termini of these proteins
      predicts removal of the initiator methionine as well as NH2-terminal acetylation.
      Proteins that undergo removal commonly have serine, alanine, glycine, or valine,
      as the NH2-terminal residues. The first three residues favor N alpha-acetylation.
      Proteins that retain the initiator methionine commonly have a charged residue or
      methionine at the second position. Information on Hb South Florida and other
      hemoglobins coupled with this survey of primary sequence provides insights into
      the NH2-terminal processing of proteins.

PMID- 3866234
TI  - Active site dynamics of ribonuclease.
AB  - The stochastic boundary molecular dynamics method is used to study the structure,
      dynamics, and energetics of the solvated active site of bovine pancreatic
      ribonuclease A. Simulations of the native enzyme and of the enzyme complexed with
      the dinucleotide substrate CpA and the transition-state analog uridine vanadate
      are compared. Structural features and dynamical couplings for ribonuclease
      residues found in the simulation are consistent with experimental data. Water
      molecules, most of which are not observed in crystallographic studies, are shown
      to play an important role in the active site. Hydrogen bonding of residues with
      water molecules in the free enzyme is found to mimic the substrate-enzyme
      interactions of residues involved in binding. Networks of water stabilize the
      cluster of positively charged active site residues. Correlated fluctuations
      between the uridine vanadate complex and the distant lysine residues are mediated
      through water and may indicate a possible role for these residues in stabilizing
      the transition state.

PMID- 3866235
TI  - Fraction of myosin cross-bridges bound to actin in active muscle fibers:
      estimation by fluorescence anisotropy measurements.
AB  - Time-resolved and steady-state fluorescence anisotropy measurements from
      fluorescence-labeled myosin cross-bridges in single glycerinated skeletal muscle
      fibers in rigor, relaxed, MgADP-induced, and contracting states have been made in
      order to estimate the fraction of actin-bound cross-bridges in active muscle.
      When the plane of polarization of the excitation light is perpendicular to the
      fiber axis and its propagation vector has a component parallel to this axis,
      actin-bound cross-bridge states, such as rigor and MgADP-induced, have time-zero
      and steady-state anisotropies that are substantially lower than has the relaxed
      state. This difference provides a means of determining the fraction of cross
      bridges bound to actin in active isometric fibers, by comparing the fluorescence
      anisotropy from active fibers with the anisotropy from bound and unbound cross
      bridges in static states. By assuming that the active cross-bridges are either
      bound (in the manner of rigor or MgADP-induced states) or relaxed, we estimate
      that greater than 80% of the cross-bridges are actin-bound in active isometric
      fibers.

PMID- 3866236
TI  - Dansylated estramustine, a fluorescent probe for studies of estramustine uptake
      and identification of intracellular targets.
AB  - Fluorescence-microscopic studies with dansylated estramustine (DnsEM) has
      permitted investigation of the mechanism of estramustine (EM) uptake in live
      human prostatic tumor cells (DU 145). DnsEM appeared to enter cells rapidly at
      the peripheral cell margins. A progressive increase in fluorescence was observed
      until the perinuclear material and cytoplasm were labeled brightly and the
      nucleoplasm was labeled faintly. Light microscopy showed that DnsEM is
      assimilated first in preexisting vesicles and then in numerous newly created
      vesicles that accumulate in the cytoplasm and around the nucleus. Colony-forming
      assays showed EM and DnsEM to be equally cytotoxic to cultured DU 145 cells.
      Cellular uptake and subsequent manifestation of cytotoxicity are presumably
      dependent upon these vesicles. However, after uptake of DnsEM, its diffusion into
      the cytoplasm was observed.

PMID- 3866237
TI  - Localization of sialic acid in kidney glomeruli: regionalization in the podocyte
      plasma membrane and loss in experimental nephrosis.
AB  - Sialic acid residues were localized by electron microscopy in renal glomeruli of
      normal and puromycin-treated rats with a cytochemical technique that utilized the
      Limax flavus lectin. In Lowicryl K4M thin sections from normal rats, sialic acid
      residues were found along the plasma membrane of the various glomerular cell
      types and in the glomerular basement membrane as well as the mesangial matrix. In
      NaDodSO4/PAGE, sialic acid residues of normal glomeruli were mainly confined to a
      140-kDa protein previously identified as podocalyxin. The distribution of sialic
      acid residues in the podocyte plasma membrane was found to be remarkably
      regionalized. Based on the differential labeling intensity, three plasma membrane
      domains could be defined: the foot process base, the foot process region above
      the slit diaphragm, and the body of podocytes. Cytochemical and biochemical
      analysis of glomeruli from puromycin-treated rats showed a loss of sialic acid
      residues from glomerular sialoglycoconjugates indicating a perturbated
      glycosylation.

PMID- 3866238
TI  - Gene gating: a hypothesis.
AB  - It is assumed that the genome of a higher eukaryotic organism is organized into a
      number of distinct three-dimensional (3-D) structures, each characteristic for a
      given differentiated state. These discrete 3-D structures are envisioned to
      develop in a hierarchical and largely irreversible manner from an omnipotent 3-D
      structure of the zygotic genome. The information for these processes is assumed
      to reside in the genome. The nuclear pore complexes, the peripheral nuclear
      lamina, and components of the nuclear core are proposed to be among the
      topologically most proximal organelles that interpret this information and
      thereby serve in the maintenance and the alteration of the 3-D structure of the
      genome during development, differentiation, and the cell cycle. The nuclear pore
      complexes are envisioned to serve as gene-gating organelles capable on
      interacting specifically with expanded (transcribable) portions of the genome.
      Their nonrandom distribution on the nuclear surface would reflect the underlying
      periodic organization of the genome into expanded and compacted domains,
      alternating with each other. All transcripts of a given gated gene would leave
      the nucleus by way of that pore complex to which the gene is gated. Implications
      for cell asymmetry and polarity are discussed and evolutionary considerations are
      presented.

PMID- 3866239
TI  - Genes selectively expressed in proliferating Dictyostelium amoebae.
AB  - Few eukaryotic genes are expressed only during cell growth and division. We found
      that the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is unusual in that it expresses many
      genes only during proliferation. Thirty-two percent (304/950) of the sequences in
      a cDNA library made from vegetative mRNA were homologous to RNAs that are present
      at high levels during growth but at low or undetectable levels during
      differentiation when no cell growth occurs. In vitro translation assays confirmed
      that one-third of the vegetative cell mRNAs decreased in steady-state levels
      during differentiation. These vegetative cell-specific transcripts identified a
      diverse coordinately regulated class of genes: (i) 9 of the 10 cDNAs tested
      hybridized to unique small transcripts ranging from 400 to 620 bases long; (ii)
      the sequences showed various degrees of homology to related species; (iii)
      transcript levels synchronously fell by a factor of greater than 20 during
      development and synchronously increased during germination. This class of genes
      may play important roles in normal cell proliferation.

PMID- 3866240
TI  - Human genes involved in cholesterol metabolism: chromosomal mapping of the loci
      for the low density lipoprotein receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme
      A reductase with cDNA probes.
AB  - Cellular cholesterol metabolism is regulated primarily through the coordinate
      expression of two proteins, the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and 3
      hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (EC 1.1.1.34). We have
      used cDNA probes for the human genes encoding these proteins to determine the
      precise chromosomal location of the two loci. By in situ hybridization we have
      regionally mapped the LDL receptor gene, LDLR, to the short arm of chromosome 19
      in bands p13.1-p13.3. This result concurs with and extends a previous study in
      which LDLR was mapped to chromosome 19 by screening somatic cell hybrids with a
      species-specific monoclonal antibody. We have assigned the HMG-CoA reductase
      gene, HMGCR, to chromosome 5 by Southern blotting of DNA from a somatic cell
      hybrid panel and to bands 5q13.3-q14 by in situ hybridizations of the cDNA probe
      to human metaphase cells with normal and rearranged chromosomes.

PMID- 3866241
TI  - Upstream promoter element of the human metallothionein-IIA gene can act like an
      enhancer element.
AB  - Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes is strongly
      increased by cis-acting genetic elements, known as activators or enhancers.
      Enhancers, first detected in simian virus 40 (SV40), were subsequently also found
      to control the expression of several cellular genes. The human metallothionein
      IIA (hMT-IIA) gene, although inducible by heavy metals and glucocorticoids, is
      widely expressed in most cell types in the absence of inducers. Here we show that
      the high basal level of transcription of the hMT-IIA gene is due to the presence
      of an enhancer element within the hMT-IIA promoter region. The structural and
      functional organization of this cellular enhancer element in two direct repeats
      is strikingly similar to that of the enhancer element of SV40. This suggests a
      possible functional and evolutionary relationship between enhancers and upstream
      promoter elements.

PMID- 3866242
TI  - Sequence-directed mutagenesis: evidence from a phylogenetic history of human
      alpha-interferon genes.
AB  - We have studied the potential contribution of template-dependent events to
      genetic variation in mammals by examining the sequence alterations that have
      occurred in the recent evolution of human interferon genes. Fifteen members of
      the human alpha-interferon gene family were aligned, and a phylogenetic history
      was inferred. Many multiple events are inferred to have occurred in the evolution
      of the interferon genes and for the majority of these local DNA sequences were
      present that were capable of serving as templates for their occurrence. We
      conclude that the DNA sequence has the potential to explain many of the inferred
      spontaneous events and to explain complex alterations to sequences--i.e., the
      joint occurrence of base substitutions and insertions/deletions. Thus, such a
      mechanism would often cause multiple sequence changes as a result of a single
      mutational event and would provide additional genetic variation for evolution.
      Sequence-directed mutations would depend upon the local DNA sequences and, hence,
      would not be random at the DNA level.

PMID- 3866243
TI  - Homozygosity, effective number of alleles, and interdeme differentiation in
      subdivided populations.
AB  - The amount and pattern of genetic variability in a geographically structured
      population at equilibrium under the joint action of migration, mutation, and
      random genetic drift is studied. The monoecious, diploid population is subdivided
      into panmictic colonies that exchange migrants. Self-fertilization does not
      occur; generations are discrete and nonoverlapping; the analysis is restricted to
      a single locus in the absence of selection; every allele mutates to new alleles
      at the same rate. It is shown that if the number of demes is finite and migration
      does not alter the deme sizes, then population subdivision produces interdeme
      differentiation and the mean homozygosity and the effective number of alleles
      exceed their panmictic values. A simple relation between the mean probability of
      identity and the mean homozygosity is established. The results apply to a
      dioecious population if the migration pattern and mutation rate are sex
      independent.

PMID- 3866244
TI  - Organization and sequences of the diversity, joining, and constant region genes
      of the human T-cell receptor beta chain.
AB  - The organization and sequences of the human beta-chain T-cell receptor diversity,
      joining, and constant region segments are described. The beta chain of the human
      T-cell receptor, analogous to the mouse counterpart, consists of two distinct
      constant region genes approximately equal to 10 kilobases apart. The two constant
      region genes, C beta 1 and C beta 2, are very similar not only in sequence but
      also in genomic organization. The coding sequences of each of these C beta
      constant region genes are divided into four exons. The first two exons encode
      most of the extracellular constant domain. The third exon encodes a major part of
      the presumed transmembrane portion, and the last exon contains the cytoplasmic
      coding sequence as well as 3' untranslated sequences. Except for a stretch of
      approximately equal to 95 highly conserved nucleotides extending 3' of the first
      exon of the C region genes, little homology can be found between the intron
      sequences of C beta 1 and C beta 2. A small cluster of joining region (J beta)
      gene segments is located approximately equal to 5 kilobases upstream of each of
      these two constant regions. The first cluster, J beta 1, contains six functional
      J gene segments while the second, J beta 2, contains seven functional J gene
      segments. In addition, diversity region (D beta) gene segments are located
      approximately equal to 600 base pairs upstream of each J beta. Recombinational
      signals containing highly conserved heptamer and nonamer sequences separated by
      12 or 23 bases are found adjacent to all of these D beta and J beta gene
      segments. These signal sequences are thought to be involved in the somatic
      recombination processes. These results indicate that what appears to be a gene
      duplication event giving rise to these two distinct regions must have arisen a
      long time ago in the evolution of this gene locus.

PMID- 3866245
TI  - Molecular association between major histocompatibility complex class I antigens
      and insulin receptors in mouse liver membranes.
AB  - Molecular association between major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and
      cellular proteins are thought to be involved in various immunological and
      nonimmunological functions of MHC antigens, including hormone signaling. The
      existence of physical interactions between insulin receptors and MHC class I
      antigens was investigated in liver plasma membranes from congenic H-2k mice.
      Insulin receptors were specifically labeled with a 125I-labeled photoreactive
      insulin analogue, and cellular proteins were solubilized and incubated with
      various monoclonal antibodies. Immunoprecipitates were analyzed by polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography. Antibodies reacting with
      distinct epitopes on H-2k class I antigens were all able to precipitate up to 25%
      of the labeled insulin receptors in H-2k mouse liver membranes, whereas no
      insulin receptors were precipitated in H-2b mouse liver membranes. Sequential
      immunoprecipitations showed that insulin receptors and H-2 antigens were
      coprecipitated and that no cross-reactivity occurred. The specificity of the
      interaction between insulin receptors and H-2 antigens was demonstrated after
      double labeling of membrane proteins by photoreactive insulin and lactoperoxidase
      catalyzed iodination. These results thus show that, in mouse liver membranes,
      insulin receptors are physically associated to class I antigens of the MHC.

PMID- 3866246
TI  - Stimulation of the adherence of neutrophils to umbilical vein endothelium by
      human recombinant tumor necrosis factor.
AB  - Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was found to enhance the adherence
      of human peripheral blood neutrophils to human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE)
      cell monolayers in vitro. The enhancement was due to the effects both on
      neutrophils and HUVE cells. The effect on neutrophils was maximally induced
      within 5 min and did not require protein or RNA synthesis. By contrast, maximal
      effects on HUVE cells took 4 hr to develop and required de novo protein and RNA
      synthesis; however, exposure of HUVE cells to TNF for as little as 5 min was
      sufficient to initiate changes leading to maximal adherence of neutrophils at 4
      hr. Both the effect on neutrophils and that on HUVE cells were blocked by a
      monoclonal antibody against TNF. TNF also rapidly induced an increased surface
      expression of neutrophil antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies directed
      against epitopes of a glycoprotein required for optimum adherence and for
      complement component C3bi receptor (CR3) function. Thus, the mechanism of action
      of TNF may involve the regulation of expression of cell surface molecules. Our
      observations show that TNF induces a process central to the development of all
      inflammatory reactions and that both blood neutrophils and endothelial cells are
      targets of TNF action. The regulation of inflammatory reactions by TNF or
      antagonists of TNF has wide-ranging clinical implications.

PMID- 3866247
TI  - Scintillation proximity radioimmunoassay utilizing 125I-labeled ligands.
AB  - A unique type of radioimmunoassay is described that does not require
      centrifugation or separation. Microbeads containing a fluorophor are covalently
      linked to antibody. When an 125I-labeled antigen is added it binds to the beads
      and, by its proximity, the emitted short-range electrons of the 125I excite the
      fluorophor in the beads. The light emitted can be measured in a standard
      scintillation counter. Addition of unlabeled antigen from tissue extracts
      displaces the labeled ligand and diminishes the fluorescent signal. Application
      of scintillation proximity immunoassay to tissue enkephalins, serum thyroxin, and
      urinary morphine is described. Applications of the principle to study the
      kinetics of interaction between receptors and ligands are discussed.

PMID- 3866248
TI  - Chromosomal localization and characterization of c-abl in the t(6;9) of acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia associated with the chromosomal translocation
      t(6;9)(p23;q34) is an entity that is frequently associated with basophilia, which
      it shares with chronic myelogenous leukemia. The breakpoint on chromosome 9, q34,
      appears to be cytogenetically identical in both malignancies and is the site of
      the cellular oncogene c-abl. We investigated the role of c-abl in cells from two
      patients with the t(6;9) using in situ chromosomal hybridization, Southern
      hybridization, and in vitro phosphorylation. We showed that c-abl is not
      translocated from chromosome 9, resulting in a breakpoint that is on the 3' side
      of this gene. The t(6;9) translocation does not appear to result in the
      production of an aberrantly sized protein product or in the acquisition of in
      vitro tyrosine kinase activity. This is in direct contrast to the findings in
      chronic myelogenous leukemia, in which c-abl is translocated, leading to the
      production of a structurally altered c-abl protein with activated tyrosine
      kinase. Lastly, we demonstrated that the cells of one patient contain sequences
      from chromosome 9 inserted at the junction of a reciprocal translocation between
      chromosomes 4 and 10 on the 4q+ chromosome. This insertion, which is at least 100
      kilobase pairs in length, represents a duplication and translocation of the
      protein coding region of c-abl.

PMID- 3866249
TI  - Noninvasive detection and monitoring of regional myocardial ischemia in situ
      using depth-resolved 31P NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - Phosphorus (31P) NMR spectra showing the relative concentrations of
      phosphocreatine, ATP, and Pi were recorded noninvasively from localized regions
      in the left ventricles of dog hearts in situ by using depth-resolved surface-coil
      spectroscopy at 1.5 T. Proton (1H) NMR surface-coil imaging was used to position
      31P NMR coils and to determine the location of depth-resolved volumes immediately
      prior to 31P examination. Occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary
      artery produced regional ischemia detected as changes in the ratios of
      phosphocreatine, ATP, and Pi and by changes in the pH measured from the spectra.
      Spectral changes were not typically observed in regions adjacent to ischemic
      myocardium. Reperfusion produced some recovery, and ventricular fibrillation
      resulted in deterioration in high-energy metabolites. The location and size of
      ischemic tissue was measured by single-photon-emission computed tomography
      (SPECT) and gamma-ray counting or by staining excised hearts. The technique
      should permit the long-term noninvasive monitoring of the metabolic response of
      the heart to pathologic processes and allow assessment of interventions.

PMID- 3866250
TI  - Midgestational abnormalities associated with in vitro preimplantation N-methyl-N
      nitrosourea exposure with subsequent transfer to surrogate mothers.
AB  - Mouse blastocyst functions have been shown to be disrupted by in vitro exposure
      to N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MeNU). After exposure, the chemically treated
      blastocysts were transferred to the uteri of pseudopregnant surrogate mothers.
      Implantation rate and birth rate have been shown previously to decrease in a
      concentration-dependent manner. Because of the large progressive decrease in the
      50% effective concentration (EC50) for cytotoxicity, implantation rate, and live
      birth rate, we have investigated the midgestational effects of preimplantation
      exposure to MeNU after the transfer of treated embryos to surrogate mothers. A
      concentration-dependent decrease in normal implantation and a concurrent
      concentration-dependent increase in resorption number was observed in surrogates
      sacrificed at gestational age day 12 or day 15. Gross malformations were
      significantly increased by preimplantation exposure, in vitro, to MeNU. Fetal
      body length did not differ between fetuses developed from solvent-treated
      blastocysts and those that developed from natural pregnancies (nontransferred
      control) at either gestational age examined. Fetal body length was significantly
      shorter in fetuses developed from MeNU-treated blastocysts.

PMID- 3866251
TI  - Two molecular weight forms of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the avian
      central nervous system: switch in predominant form during differentiation of
      synapses.
AB  - Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors from the avian central nervous system were
      examined for developmental changes that correlated with the differentiation of
      cholinergic synapses. In contrast to previous studies that showed a single
      molecular weight form of muscarinic receptors in the mature central nervous
      system, the current study of receptors from embryonic and newly hatched chick
      retina showed the presence of two electrophoretic forms having apparent molecular
      weights of 86,200 +/- 400 and 72,200 +/- 300. Two receptor forms also were
      observed in embryonic cerebrum, optic tectum, and cerebellum. Each form was
      present, although decreased in molecular weight by 6000, after treatment with
      deglycosylating enzymes, consistent with molecular differences occurring in the
      protein portions, rather than the carbohydrate portions, of the molecules. The
      relative proportions of the high and low molecular weight receptors in retina
      showed a striking inversion during development. Before synaptogenesis, receptors
      were mainly of Mr 86,000, whereas after synaptogenesis, receptors were mainly of
      Mr 72,000. Development of a predominantly low molecular weight receptor
      population also occurred in aggregate, but not monolayer, cell culture,
      suggesting a possible role for cell-cell interactions in triggering the change.
      Pulse-chase labeling of receptors on cultured cells indicated that both forms
      were present on the cell surface; the labeled Mr 86,000 population had a half
      life of 5 hr, whereas the labeled Mr 72,000 population had a half-life of 19 hr.
      The change in size of muscarinic receptors during development may reflect the
      action of regulatory mechanisms critical to the proper assembly and function of
      synapses in the central nervous system.

PMID- 3866252
TI  - Determination of the primary amino acid sequence specifying the alpha
      bungarotoxin binding site on the alpha subunit of the acetylcholine receptor from
      Torpedo californica.
AB  - A region of the alpha subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor containing
      the alpha-bungarotoxin-binding domain was mapped on the primary amino acid
      sequence in relation to asparagine-141, the presumed site of N-linked
      glycosylation. Proteolytic fragments of the alpha subunit, immobilized onto
      positively charged membrane filters, that bind 125I-labeled bungarotoxin were
      further analyzed on the basis of the size of the fragments and the presence of
      asparagine-141 as determined by susceptibility to digestion with endoglycosidase
      H. The bungarotoxin-binding site was found not to reside between amino acid
      residues 1 and 140 since bungarotoxin-binding fragments that are considerably
      larger than 140 amino acids and lack N-linked oligosaccharide chains were
      detected. The size of the smallest bungarotoxin-binding fragment containing
      asparagine-141 and the size of fragments produced by digestion with V8 protease
      further indicated that the bungarotoxin-binding site is contained within amino
      acid residues 153-241. A 32-amino acid synthetic peptide comprising a portion of
      this region (residues 173-204) was tested for its ability to bind 125I-labeled
      bungarotoxin. 125I-labeled bungarotoxin bound to the peptide and was competed by
      unlabeled bungarotoxin and d-tubocurarine with IC50 values of 0.5 microM and 2
      mM, respectively. We conclude that a major determinant of the bungarotoxin
      binding site on the alpha subunit resides between residues 173 and 204.

PMID- 3866254
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide acts synergistically with norepinephrine to
      depress spontaneous discharge rate in cerebral cortical neurons.
AB  - Cortical neurons are densely innervated by noradrenergic fibers and by intrinsic
      cortical interneurons containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).
      Biochemically, VIP and norepinephrine (NE) synergistically interact to stimulate
      the synthesis of cyclic AMP in cortical slices. Therefore, we sought
      physiological indices of this peptide-monoamine interaction by applying VIP and
      NE to single cortical neurons of the rat while recording their spontaneous
      discharge. VIP applied alone inhibited discharge of 24% and accelerated discharge
      in 20% of cortical neurons. NE alone had a predominantly depressant effect on the
      same neurons. However, when VIP was retested during the continuous application of
      subthreshold currents of NE, VIP exerted predominantly depressant effects. These
      synergistic inhibitions resulted even in cells previously showing excitations to
      VIP alone. If VIP alone was depressant, subthreshold NE further enhanced the VIP
      depression. Subthreshold amounts of phenylephrine, an alpha-adrenoceptor agonist,
      also produced comparable interactions, suggesting involvement of an alpha
      receptor, as in the biochemical studies. These results support a peptide
      monoamine interaction in cortex that could have important ramifications for
      neuronal integration.

PMID- 3866255
TI  - Retrovirus-induced spongiform encephalopathy: the 3'-end long terminal repeat
      containing viral sequences influence the incidence of the disease and the
      specificity of the neurological syndrome.
AB  - Using chimeric murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs) constructed in vitro with parental
      viral genomes from the neurotropic Cas-BR-E MuLV and the nonneurotropic
      amphotropic 4070-A MuLV, we previously mapped the paralysis-inducing determinant
      of Cas-BR-E MuLV within a pol-env region. To assess the role of the long terminal
      repeats (LTRs) in influencing the neurological disease, we constructed another
      chimeric MuLV (pNEMO-1)m harboring the gag-pol-env from Cas-BR-E MuLV and the LTR
      region from the strongly T-cell tropic Moloney MuLV. Although the Cas-BR-E MuLV
      induced mainly nonthymic leukemia, pNEMO-1 MuLV induced a thymic form of
      leukemia, as the parental Moloney MuLV. The pNEMO-1 MuLV induced neurological
      diseases less frequently than Cas-BR-E MuLV when inoculated intraperitoneally
      into NIH/Swiss, SIM.S, and SWR/J mice. However, it induced neurological disorders
      more frequently and with a shorter latency than Cas-BR-E MuLV when inoculated
      intrathymically. Most mice with a neurological disorder induced with pNEMO-1 MuLV
      showed a new clinical syndrome not usually seen with the parental Cas-BR-E MuLV:
      They had no lower limb paralysis but were excessively tremulous, spastic, and
      immobile. The topographical distribution of the spongiform degeneration in the
      brain of mice with this new syndrome was different from that seen in mice with
      lower limb paralysis induced by Cas-BR-E MuLV. These results indicate that the
      1.0-kilobase-pair Cla I-Pvu I LTR-containing fragment harbors sequences
      influencing the incidence and the clinical manifestation of the neurological
      disease and suggest a specificity of LTR sequences for a new tissue (brain).

PMID- 3866256
TI  - Dose linearity and other pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin: a new, broad-spectrum
      antimicrobial agent.
AB  - After oral administration of a single dose of ofloxacin (100, 300 or 600 mg) to
      13 healthy male volunteers in an open, randomized crossover study, concentrations
      of the unchanged drug were estimated at various times in serum and urine, over 28
      hours and 48 hours, respectively. Each dose was followed by a wash-out period of
      1 week. Ofloxacin concentrations were determined using both high pressure liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) and a microbiological assay. The measurements obtained were
      compared by linear distribution independent regression, and were found to be
      equivalent, indicating no major metabolism of ofloxacin. Maximum serum
      concentrations (Cmax) of ofloxacin after administration of 100, 300 or 600 mg
      were, respectively, 1.0, 3.4 and 6.9 mg/ml (HPLC, median values). A linear
      relationship between Cmax and dose was demonstrated within the range tested
      (coefficient of correlation r = 0.88). The same applied to AUC0-28 (r = 0.98) and
      to urinary recovery of the drug (r = 0.98). Time to reach Cmax varied between 0.5
      and 1.1 hours (median values), indicating rapid absorption of the drug.
      Biological half-life (t1/2 beta) was determined by fitting a two-compartment open
      model to the date: t1/2 beta was in the range 5.6 to 6.4 hours (HPLC, median
      values) and was not relevantly dose-dependent. Urinary concentrations of
      ofloxacin remained above 1 microgram/ml, i.e. above the minimum inhibitory
      concentrations (MIC90) for most bacterial strains at all dosages tested, for at
      least 36 hours after drug administration. General tolerability was good; no side
      effects were reported.

PMID- 3866253
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of a cholinergic neuronal
      differentiation factor.
AB  - The choice of transmitter made by postmitotic rat sympathetic neurons in cell
      culture can be controlled by the environment in which they develop. One of the
      differentiation signals is a protein secreted by heart cells that can induce
      previously noradrenergic neurons to synthesize acetylcholine and form cholinergic
      synapses. This change in phenotype occurs without alteration in neuronal survival
      or growth. The differentiation factor has now been purified at least 100,000
      fold, and it is homogeneous by several criteria. (i) The cholinergic activity
      comigrates with a single 125I-labeled protein band of 45 kDa in one-dimensional
      NaDodSO4/PAGE. (ii) The biological activity comigrates precisely with a series of
      five 125I-labeled protein spots of 45 kDa in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
      (iii) Treatment of the 45-kDa band with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F
      reduces the apparent molecular size of both the labeled protein and the
      biological activity to a band of 22 kDa. The data suggest that the
      differentiation factor is a slightly basic glycoprotein with at least six
      glycosylation sites.

PMID- 3866257
TI  - Effect of drugs and electrical field stimulation on circular muscle strips from
      human lower oesophagus.
AB  - Sphincteric muscle from human lower oesophagus may be identifiable in vitro by
      its ability to develop a very high level of tone (sustained resting tension).
      Circular muscle strips from human lower oesophagus generally behave in a similar
      manner to strips from the opossum oesophagus with respect to development of tone,
      responses to electrical field stimulation and responses to a variety of drugs.
      Pharmacological analysis of responses to field stimulation in strips from the
      region of the oesophago-gastric junction suggests that the typical biphasic
      response (relaxation followed by an after-contraction) is mediated by nerves
      which are neither adrenergic nor cholinergic. Of the substances examined only
      vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) cannot be excluded as a possible candidate
      for the role of inhibitory transmitter. The mechanism producing the after
      contraction is not clear but it would seem unlikely that this is simply a rebound
      contraction. The after-contraction can be blocked independently of the relaxation
      by a variety of agents and is potentiated by metoclopramide.

PMID- 3866258
TI  - Microleakage of direct filling materials in Class V restorations using thermal
      cycling.

PMID- 3866259
TI  - The ability of cavity bases to withstand condensation of direct gold.

PMID- 3866260
TI  - A therapy program to eliminate digital sucking habits.

PMID- 3866261
TI  - Prevention of cross-contamination during immediate denture delivery.

PMID- 3866262
TI  - Different responses to prostaglandin F2 alpha and E2 in human extra- and
      intramyometrial arteries.
AB  - Tubal segments of the ascending uterine arteries and of intramyometrial arteries
      were obtained from 18 women who underwent hysterectomy at various phases of the
      menstrual cycle. Ring preparations of the vessels were mounted in organ baths and
      isometric tension was recorded. In extramyometrial arteries (outer diameter 2-3
      mm) prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha most potently, but also PGE2 caused concentration
      related contractions. In contrast, the contractant effects of both PGs on
      intramyometrial arteries (outer diameter 0.5-0.6 mm) were negligible. Both extra-
      and intramyometrial vessels were relaxed to a moderate degree (10-25%) by low
      concentrations of PGF2 alpha and PGE2. No significant differences between the
      responses to vasopressin and noradrenaline were found between the vessel
      preparations. Thus human uterine arteries seem to change their responses to PGF2
      alpha and PGE2 as they enter the myometrium and decrease in diameter, and the
      results raise doubt about the view that direct vasoconstrictor effects of these
      PGs contribute to the regulation of myometrial blood flow. Such effects of
      vasopressin and noradrenaline cannot be excluded.

PMID- 3866263
TI  - Utero-ovarian venous concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin
      F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) following PGE2 intrauterine infusions.
AB  - The uterine horns and utero-ovarian veins of nine crossbred mature gilts were
      bilaterally cannulated on day 9 of the estrous cycle (day O - first day of
      estrus). Each uterine horn in treated gilts (N = 5) was infused with 150
      micrograms PGE2 in 3 ml of saline at 0900 h on day 12, 15 and 18 of the estrous
      cycle. Control gilts (N = 4) received 3 ml saline intrauterine infusions on the
      corresponding day. Blood samples were collected from the utero-ovarian veins 15
      min before each infusion and for the following 6 h with 15, 30 and 60 min
      intervals through the first, second and third two-hour periods, respectively.
      Venous concentrations of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were determined by radioimmunoassay
      procedures. Infusion of PGE2 resulted in an immediate elevation in PGE2
      concentration in utero-ovarian venous drainage. Coincident elevations of PGF2
      alpha utero-ovarian venous concentrations were observed after PGE2 infusion.
      Plasma PGF2 alpha concentrations in the utero-ovarian veins were elevated (P less
      than .01) in PGE2 treated gilts for one hour post-treatment. The duration of PGE2
      and PGF2 alpha elevations as well as the peak values were influenced by day of
      the cycle.

PMID- 3866264
TI  - Enriched prostaglandin E-9 ketoreductase activity in outer medullary cells of the
      rabbit kidney.
AB  - PGE2 metabolism was examined in rabbit renal slices and cell suspensions from the
      outer medulla, enriched (TALH) and depleted (OMC) for the thick ascending limb of
      Henle's loop. Metabolism was negligible in intact cells, either OMC or TALH
      fractions. However, in OMC and TALH homogenates, transformation of PGE2 to PGF2
      alpha by NADPH-dependent prostaglandin E-9 ketoreductase (PGE-9KR) was observed
      at a PGE2 concentration of 4 X 10(-9) M. This activity was not reversible and was
      enriched ten-fold in the TALH with 41% of PGE2 transformed to PGF2 alpha after 30
      min incubation. PGF2 alpha formation from PGE2 could not be detected in
      homogenates of cortex, medulla or papilla. PGE-9KR activity, particularly in the
      thick ascending limb, may be a source of PGF2 alpha in urine.

PMID- 3866265
TI  - [Cleaning and shaping the pulp cavity].

PMID- 3866266
TI  - [Current data on spinocellular epithelioma in oral medicine].

PMID- 3866267
TI  - [Current status of the causes and treatments of oro-sinus fistulas].

PMID- 3866268
TI  - [Response of periodontal tissue to bone-integrated titanium implants].

PMID- 3866269
TI  - [Sagittal osteotomy of the ascending branch of the mandible].

PMID- 3866270
TI  - [In vitro antimicrobial activity of CI-919 against gram-negative bacilli and
      Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various pathologies].

PMID- 3866271
TI  - [Therapy of acute cervicofacial cellulitis of dental origin. The value of
      antibiotic sensitivity tests in the treatment of cellulitis apropos of 31 cases].

PMID- 3866272
TI  - [The chronobiological approach to dental therapy].

PMID- 3866273
TI  - [A comparative double-blind study of amoxicillin versus bacampicillin in the
      treatment of orodental infections].

PMID- 3866274
TI  - [Complete reconstruction of the base in the laboratory].

PMID- 3866275
TI  - [How to treat a unilateral end-arch edentulous maxilla].

PMID- 3866276
TI  - [Anatomo-pathology of the palatal mucosa in inflammation of prosthetic origin].

PMID- 3866277
TI  - [A biodegradable material in periodontology: polyglactin 910].

PMID- 3866278
TI  - [Immediate fabrication, in the dental office, of a space maintainer].

PMID- 3866279
TI  - [Clinical value of radiography in the mixed dentition].

PMID- 3866280
TI  - [Comparative microdensitometric study of various pairs of Kodak and Polaroid
      surface sensitive screens in teleradiography].

PMID- 3866281
TI  - [Dosimetry during use of dental teleradiography with positive Polaroid TPX
      radiographic film. (Comparison with a traditional negative radiographic film)].

PMID- 3866282
TI  - [Endodontic surgery of maxillary molars and premolars].

PMID- 3866283
TI  - [The tongue and the surgical field].

PMID- 3866284
TI  - [Can teeth and roots discolored after root canal therapy be bleached?].

PMID- 3866285
TI  - [Can current composites be used for Class I and II restorations in posterior
      teeth?].

PMID- 3866286
TI  - Fabrication of personalized custom mouthguards for athletes in contact sports.

PMID- 3866288
TI  - Team building--the key to stability in the dental laboratory.

PMID- 3866287
TI  - What is a business plan? Why should my lab have one? How to do it?

PMID- 3866289
TI  - International patent protection.

PMID- 3866290
TI  - [Hepatitic complications and transfusional support in the remission-induction
      treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Clinical study of l22 cases].

PMID- 3866291
TI  - [Comparison of different methods of medical images in the assessment of local
      extension of osteogenic sarcomas].
AB  - The authors compared different methods of medical visualisation (standard
      radiography, arteriography, quantitative isotope bone scan, telethermography, CT
      scan, visualisation by nuclear magnetic resonance) in 52 osteogenic sarcomas. In
      the majority of cases the diagnosis was suggested by standard X-rays at the first
      visit. CT scan and visualisation by nuclear magnetic resonance are the two basic
      examinations both in terms of assessing the future single block excision as well
      as deciding the approach to be used for biopsy. Telethermography and quantitative
      isotope bone scan usefully complement clinical examination and standard X-rays in
      following the course during chemotherapy. Arteriography is indicated only in the
      presence of large tumors threatening the vessels directly.

PMID- 3866292
TI  - [Acute leukemia presenting as polymyositis simulating rhizomelic
      pseudopolyarthritis].

PMID- 3866293
TI  - [Reparative giant cell granuloma].
AB  - The authors report a case of voluminous giant cell reparative granuloma of the
      symphysis menti. They review the essential features of this lesion which was
      baptized by Jaffe. Although the term reparative is often contested, it refers to
      its real bone-forming potential. The diagnosis is most often confused with brown
      tumours of the parathyroid glands and cherubism. Although this lesion has a good
      prognosis, a full phosphorus-calcium survey including parathormone assay should
      be performed whenever there is doubt.

PMID- 3866294
TI  - [Complex odontoma and composite odontoma. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Two cases of odontoma are reported, one lesion being a compound odontoma and the
      other a complex odontoma, the latter provoking facial pain combined with rhino
      sinusal allergic phenomena. These two cases are used as a basis for an update
      classification of odontomas.

PMID- 3866295
TI  - [Should an odontoma be considered as a developing tumor?].
AB  - The authors review the classification of these odontogenic epithelial tumours and
      propose the hypothesis of a direct relationship between the ameloblastic odontoma
      and the complex odontoma, which represents the advanced stage of the first
      tumour. Thus, the odontoma can be considered to be an evolutive tumour. This
      hypothesis is illustrated by a case report which was associated with confusion
      concerning the histology. Similar cases in the literature show that the same
      lesion is described by a variety of names. Ameloblastic odontoma is the most
      logical terminology and should be the only one used. The appearance of
      differentiation towards the production of dental tissue in an ameloblastic type
      of tumour is therefore a good prognostic factor. These tumours predominantly
      occur in the posterior zones of the bony bases and are usually discovered between
      the ages of 10 and 30 years.

PMID- 3866296
TI  - [Giant mandibular exostosis. Apropos of a case. Description, therapeutic
      approach. Review of the literature].
AB  - The authors present a cases of localised exostosis of the angle and the ascending
      ramus of the mandible. They stress the technical problems posed by this giant
      exostosis and they propose an original operative approach together with a
      complete review of the literature.

PMID- 3866297
TI  - [Actinomycosis. What describes the pathological events referred to by this
      term?].
AB  - The disease named "actinomycosis" hadn't found its final position in infections
      pathology. Many terms were successively created to describe in a better way
      similar entities: actinomycosis, pseudo-actinomycosis, actinobacteriosis,
      corynebacteriosis, ramibacteriosis... is just a part of the terminology. After
      the analysis of the classical conception of the "actinomycosis" and, also, the
      latest data, the author came to the conclusion that the facts are just a clinical
      manifestation, related to the germ, of the large syndrome of the Infections of
      the soft tissues.

PMID- 3866298
TI  - [Accessory salivary tissue and deceptive ectopia].
AB  - Histopathologic diagnosis in three patients presenting with a cervicofacial
      salivary tumoral mass was respectively an inflamed accessory salivary glands, two
      small islets of ectopic salivary glands and an ectopic salivary duct.

PMID- 3866299
TI  - [Godwin's tumor and Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Two new cases of pseudo-tumoral parotid benign lymphoepithelial lesion serve as
      the basis for a review of the clinical aspects of "Godwin tumour". This is a
      pseudo-tumoral parotid swelling of non-characteristic clinical appearance which
      has the radiological findings of a systemic type sialogram ("punctate marks" and
      diffuse parenchymatous spots). Histopathological examination shows lesions
      affecting the whole gland but predominant in the swollen area, sometimes
      surrounded by a connective tissue pseudo-capsule. These lesions are the same as
      those seen in Sjogren's syndrome. There are virtually no humoral immunological
      abnormalities such as auto-antibodies nor inflammatory laboratory abnormalities.
      Whilst the diagnosis of this rare condition may be considered in the presence of
      any isolated parotid swelling with a sialogram of systemic type, the diagnosis of
      a benign lymphoepithelial lesion, eliminating a lymphoma, can be made only by
      histopathological examination of the parotidectomy specimen. These lesions could
      be the pseudo-tumoral form of isolated, so-called primary, Sjogren's syndrome.
      Some of these isolated syndromes become more complete after several years with
      the appearance of auto-antibodies. Clinical, immunological and haematological
      surveillance of these benign lymphoepithelial lesions is thus necessary during
      the years following parotidectomy.

PMID- 3866300
TI  - [The amount of maxillofacial risk in playing rugby].
AB  - 123 cases of maxillo-facial injuries due to rugby and treated in the Department
      of Maxillo-Facial Surgery at the University Teachers Hospital (C.H.U.) of
      Bordeaux between 1981 and 1984 are analyzed. The high rate of injuries decreases
      considerably if accidents caused by intentional brutality are excluded. This then
      approaches the rate for other team sports. Rugby is not basically a violent sport
      but can be made so by the unfairness of certain players. It would be most
      advisable to educate players along these lines.

PMID- 3866301
TI  - Acid phosphatases and other tumor markers in the management of prostatic cancer.
      Scandinavian Committee on Enzymes, Scandinavian Prostatic Cancer Group, Workshop.
      Copenhagen, March 1985.

PMID- 3866302
TI  - Isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase in serum of patients with prostatic cancer.

PMID- 3866303
TI  - What clinical information is wanted from measurements of tumor markers in
      carcinoma of the prostate?

PMID- 3866304
TI  - Interaction of clinic and laboratory medicine in future development and
      application of tumor markers.

PMID- 3866305
TI  - Clinical applications of various methodologies for measuring S-acid phosphatases.
      An inquiry by the Scandinavian Prostatic Cancer Group (SPCG).

PMID- 3866306
TI  - Current methodologies for measuring S-acid phosphatases in the Nordic countries.
      An inquiry by the Scandinavian Committee on Enzymes (SCE).

PMID- 3866307
TI  - Planning and evaluation of diagnostic tests: failure of S-prostatic acid
      phosphatase in screening for early-stage prostatic carcinoma.

PMID- 3866308
TI  - Series of test results in patients with prostatic cancer: clinical and analytical
      aspects of interpretation.

PMID- 3866309
TI  - Selection and quality assurance of tests in multicenter trials.

PMID- 3866310
TI  - Collection and storage of samples for the determination of prostatic acid
      phosphatase in serum.

PMID- 3866311
TI  - Immunoreactive prostate-specific acid phosphatase in prostatic cancer.

PMID- 3866313
TI  - Relatedness of schizotypal to schizophrenic disorders: editors' introduction.
AB  - The schizotypal personality category introduced in DSM-III reflects an initial
      effort to organize psychiatric diagnosis on a biogenetic basis. The schizotypal
      diagnosis is intended to reflect a genetic association with schizophrenia. One
      result of this inclusion has been to stimulate a growing body of evidence about
      its validity--evidence that is reviewed in this issue by Kendler, Torgersen,
      Siever, and Stone. These studies suggest that criteria which emphasize
      interpersonal and social trait disabilities are more specific to a schizotype
      than criteria which stress psychotic-like symptoms. As a result, we suggest that
      future research on this patient group should broaden its criteria base. However,
      even if revisions increase the biogenetic specificity of this category, we
      believe its treatment will remain unclear, and models for its pathogenesis and
      relationship to schizophrenia will need to remain complex.

PMID- 3866312
TI  - Predictive value of bone marrow cultures in 48 patients with acute myeloblastic
      leukaemia or myelodysplasia both secondary to treatment of other malignant
      diseases.
AB  - The growth pattern of bone marrow cells in agar cultures was studied in 48
      patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia or myelodysplasia, secondary to
      cytoreductive treatment, and compared to other laboratory findings. At diagnosis
      the status of the patients was: acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) in 9, acute
      myeloproliferative syndrome (AMS) in 13 and preleukaemic syndrome (PL) in 26
      patients. 20 of the 39 patients with AMS and PL developed acute leukaemia, 15 of
      them within 1 year. 15 died of complications to cytopenia and only 4 are still
      alive and without leukaemia, observed from 8 to 55 months. Progression to AML was
      predicted from the agar cultures by increased cluster growth. Among 18 patients
      with increased cluster growth at diagnosis 14 subsequently developed AML. Among
      21 patients with normal or decreased cluster growth at diagnosis 6 patients
      developed AML, but after conversion of the growth pattern to increased cluster
      growth. In 2 patients the increased cluster growth disappeared spontaneously and
      the patients are long-term leukaemia-free survivors. Colony growth pattern,
      conversely, was not related to leukaemic progression. Only 1 patient had normal
      growth pattern at diagnosis with respect to both clusters and colonies. Survival
      was short, with a median of about 7 months, unrelated to growth pattern and
      leukaemic progression.

PMID- 3866315
TI  - [X-ray anatomy of the cranium of the 5-year-old child visible on the
      orthopantomogram].

PMID- 3866314
TI  - Indoor climate problems in day institutions for children. Practical,
      Administrative and policy perspectives.
AB  - Based on case material from the late 1970s and early 1980s from the Institution
      of Medical Officers of Health covering a Danish county some examples of practical
      indoor climate problems in day institutions for children are given. Insufficient
      ventilation of premises is probably the single most important factor in the
      development of indoor climate problems. An effective cleaning generally improves
      the indoor air. The study particularly illustrates the administrative and policy
      perspectives of the decision making process. Those that make decisions on indoor
      climate problems unfortunately seem to favour a narrow definition of health, i.e.
      the absence of overt disease; and they are not always aware that the relationship
      between indoor climate factors and health effects cannot be proven in an absolute
      sense. Experts on the scientific aspects are needed but their statements are
      influenced by personal values and their perception of the reasonable balance
      between health protection and social costs. One of the main factors influencing
      the indoor climate situation in Danish day institutions for children has been the
      lack of an adequate regulatory framework; and the central administration and
      responsible ministers have failed to use the already existing legislative powers
      to prevent problems. Decision making in cases on the indoor climate of
      institutions should be accelerated; we cannot wait for proof before taking
      preventive measures. The indoor air of institutions is a "public good" to the
      same extent as the ambient air and the responsible authorities have an obligation
      to regulate accordingly. When building regulations prove insufficient other
      central authorities must support local decision makers with more specific
      directions. Testing of building materials, hazard rating and an approval system
      is needed. Guidelines on indoor climate requirements for public institutions
      should be developed. In countries with a built-up system of child institutions
      and a decreasing birth rate it is especially important to improve the already
      existing institutions. In our regulatory and administrative practice we must
      restore the balance between the present concern for the health of the adult
      working population and the insufficient protection of children. We obviously need
      more research but increased attention should be paid to the administrative and
      political barriers that prevent improvements of the indoor air.

PMID- 3866316
TI  - [New conceptual aspects in the diagnosis of fibro-osseous lesions of the
      maxillofacial skeleton. IV. Osteoblastic tumors occurring in the dentigerous and
      other skull bones (trabecular and psammous desmo-osteoblastomas].

PMID- 3866317
TI  - [Short report on the number of DMF teeth among 45-year-old residents of Zurich].

PMID- 3866318
TI  - [The abrasiveness of toothpastes].

PMID- 3866319
TI  - [Spontaneous change in the open bite following partial resection of the tongue].

PMID- 3866320
TI  - [Clinical aspects of extraction treatment of the lower incisors].

PMID- 3866321
TI  - Ethical and legal aspects of medical care in permanent coma.

PMID- 3866322
TI  - Nitrous oxide: panacea or poison?

PMID- 3866323
TI  - [Periodontal management in response to patients' needs].

PMID- 3866324
TI  - [Approach to periodontal diseases--evaluation of new dental insurance].

PMID- 3866325
TI  - [Etiological factors in cleft lip and palate. Epidemiologic study].

PMID- 3866326
TI  - [The management of the soft tissues of the unerupted teeth during orthodontic
      therapy--3].

PMID- 3866327
TI  - [Simple matrix bands for composite resin fillings].

PMID- 3866328
TI  - [Moisture absorption with a highly effective pad].

PMID- 3866329
TI  - [A dental report from Simikot in northwest Nepal--2].

PMID- 3866330
TI  - [Oral examination of high school children].

PMID- 3866331
TI  - [Metharmon F for glossalgia caused by autonomic dysfunction].

PMID- 3866332
TI  - Corrosion products from dental alloys and effects of mercuric and cupric ions on
      a neuroeffector system.
AB  - The release of corrosion products during long-term immersion in vitro of dental
      alloys, with particular reference to dissimilar alloys in contact has been
      studied. The effects of Hg2+ and Cu2+ in low concentrations on the guinea-pig
      ileum have also been studied. The following conclusions were drawn: In an
      aggressive solution the release of elements from amalgams could be continuous and
      subsurface corrosion could cause a considerable increase in the corrosion
      products released. The change in microstructure observed in cross-sections of the
      corroded specimens was related to the amounts of corrosion products released into
      the saline solution. In an aggressive solution the corrosion products could
      increase when amalgams, Co-Cr, and Ni-Cr alloys are in contact with gold alloys,
      a high-Cu amalgam is in contact with a conventional amalgam, a type III gold
      alloy is in contact with gold alloys for metallo-ceramic purposes. The high-Cu
      amalgams released more corrosion products into the saline solution than a
      conventional one. Greater quantities of corrosion products were released from
      amalgams at pH 4 than at pH 6. Hg2+ and Cu2+ both had diverse and dose-dependent
      effects on the guinea-pig ileum. In low concentrations, 10nM, both ions exerted
      effects, probably on the muscle cell membrane.

PMID- 3866333
TI  - Oral corrosion and corrosion inhibition processes--an in vitro study.

PMID- 3866334
TI  - Experimental studies of new topical anaesthetics on the oral mucosa.
AB  - In order to reduce pain by injection, a frequently used topical anaesthetic is
      Xylocaine 5% ointment. This preparation, however, has certain limits in
      effectiveness. A new topical anaesthetic formulation, EMLA (Eutectic Mixture
      Local Anaesthetics), has been developed. Promising local anaesthetic properties
      on intact skin made it interesting to investigate the clinical usefulness of EMLA
      on mucous membranes and to find a suitable time of application. 30 volunteers, 20
      40 yr, took part in the study. In two experimental double blind series, the
      topical anaesthetic effect was compared for EMLA 5% cream, Xylocaine 5% ointment,
      placebo cream, dry EMLA emulsion in cellulose discs and placebo discs.
      Application times were 2 and 5 minutes for the first three preparations, 2
      minutes for the cellulose discs. The application areas were the alveolar mucosa
      in the lower buccal fold and the palatal mucosa. The pain by insertion of 27 or
      30 gauge dental needles through the mucosa was registered. Xylocaine 5% and EMLA
      5% reduced pain perception compared to placebo. For both Xylocaine 5% and EMLA 5%
      an application time of 2 minutes was found to be enough to produce a high degree
      of mucosal analgesia in the lower buccal fold. In the palatal area, however, the
      pain was not totally blocked by any of the investigated preparations but after 5
      minutes of application EMLA showed a higher degree of analgesia. EMLA 5% creams
      was poorly localized at the applied area while the cellulose EMLA discs seemed to
      be more useful. No side effects were noticed.

PMID- 3866335
TI  - The effect of a jet abrasive instrument (Prophy Jet) on root surfaces.
AB  - A Prophy Jet instrument was tested in order to analyze the abrasive effect and
      surface alterations on human root cementum and dentine. Photomicrographs from
      scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a profilometer technique for depth
      analyses were used for evaluation. The results of the experiments demonstrated
      that the Prophy Jet technique had an abrasive effect reaching about 25 microns in
      depth after 30 seconds treatment. The root surface, cementum as well as dentine
      also became rougher after treatment judging from the SEM micrographs. Clinical
      advantages and disadvantages by using the Prophy Jet instrument will be
      discussed. Further studies seems to be justified concerning the jet abrasive
      technique.

PMID- 3866336
TI  - Infant feeding and dental caries--a longitudinal study of Swedish children.
AB  - The aim of the study was to compare dietary habits in children at the age of 12
      months with the caries status at the age of 3. In 312 children, residing in 3
      different parts of Sweden, a dietary study was carried out at 12 mo. of age, and
      in 275 (88%) a caries examination was performed at the age of 3. At 12 months of
      age, higher education of the mother was positively correlated with consumption of
      bread, vegetables, fruit and meat and negatively with frequency of sucrose-rich
      foods. At the age of 3, caries was diagnosed in 16% of the children. The
      prevalence of cavities was related to the level of education of the mother in all
      3 areas, cavities being most numerous in children whose mother had received a
      shorter education. A discriminant analysis showed that the equation
      discriminating the two a priori defined groups, one with and one without caries
      at the age of 3, contained a number of sucrose-rich foods. The 3-year-old
      children with caries had generally consumed cakes, butter, bread and sweet soups
      more frequently at the age of 12 months than the children in the non-caries
      group. The analysis thus indicated that - on the group level at least - a dietary
      pattern, which may be casually linked with future dental caries development, was
      already established at the age of 12 months. Dietary counselling, when the child
      is 12-18 mo. of age and based upon information about the dietary habits of the
      child could thus be of value to prevent caries in the preschool child.

PMID- 3866337
TI  - The laser reflection method. Computerized analysis of speckle pattern.
AB  - The laser reflection method of remote measurements permits registration of small
      tooth movements. Its precision was investigated by studying the errors associated
      with patient repositioning in the apparatus using the computer controlled image
      scanner OSIRIS. Fifty repositionings of healthy subjects were evaluated. The
      results show that the mean error of repositioning is 2.8 micron laterally and 9.2
      micron sagittally. This agrees with earlier manual-visual measurements but the
      higher precision due to computer evaluation of the speckle patterns gives much
      more reliable estimate of the repositioning error. The study confirms the fact
      that the laser reflection method permits accurate measurements of tooth
      movements.

PMID- 3866338
TI  - Machinability of some dentin simulating materials.
AB  - Machinability in low speed drilling was investigated for pure aluminium, Frasaco
      teeth, ivory, plexiglass and human dentin. The investigation was performed in
      order to find a suitable test material for drilling experiments using paralleling
      instruments. A material simulating human dentin in terms of cuttability at low
      drilling speeds was sought. Tests were performed using a specially designed
      apparatus. Holes to a depth of 2 mm were drilled with a twist drill using a
      constant feeding force. The time required was registered. The machinability of
      the materials tested was determined by direct comparison of the drilling times.
      As regards cuttability, first aluminium and then ivory were found to resemble
      human dentin most closely. By comparing drilling time variances the homogeneity
      of the materials tested was estimated. Aluminium, Frasaco teeth and plexiglass
      demonstrated better homogeneity than ivory and human dentin.

PMID- 3866339
TI  - Dental health in professional musicians. A radiographic study in dental conscious
      subjects.
AB  - A study has been performed covering the oral health of 247 professional musicians
      in Stockholm aged 21-60 yr. In an earlier study the oral hygiene was found to be
      of a high standard. The following part of this study concerned dental health i.e.
      remaining and intact teeth, decayed and filled proximal surfaces. All
      registrations were made on intraoral full mouth surveys. The number of remaining
      teeth was large, but decreased with age. In the 51-60 age group, 24.1 teeth
      remained on average. The number of teeth intact ranged from 55-28% of remaining
      teeth in the youngest and oldest age group respectively. A total of 555 caries
      lesions were registered on proximal surfaces, 49.1% being primary lesions in the
      enamel, 21.4% primary lesions into the dentin and 29.5% secondary lesions. Only
      3.3% of all filled surfaces showed secondary lesions. The number of secondary
      lesions increased with age. A total of 30.9% of the subjects showed no proximal
      lesions. It was concluded that in adults who have adopted proper oral hygiene it
      is possible to preserve a large number of teeth and to limit the deterioration
      caused by caries.

PMID- 3866340
TI  - [Laws and regulations will ensure control genetic research].

PMID- 3866341
TI  - Angioneurotic edema: a case report.

PMID- 3866342
TI  - Central giant cell granuloma: a case report.

PMID- 3866344
TI  - Unscrambling your telephone puzzle.

PMID- 3866343
TI  - Case of the month. Persistent cutaneous lesion of the chin.

PMID- 3866345
TI  - How private is your telephone?

PMID- 3866346
TI  - Teenage suicides: is there a preventive role for the dentist?

PMID- 3866347
TI  - [Acute myelogenous leukemia in the adult. Is it right to give maximally potent
      treatment in early recurrence?].

PMID- 3866348
TI  - [Delayed excretion of high doses of methotrexate].

PMID- 3866349
TI  - Oral Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
      A case report with notes on management and safety.

PMID- 3866350
TI  - The compressive strength of mixtures of plaster and stone.

PMID- 3866351
TI  - Visual symbolic and numeric classification for cleft lip and palate cases.

PMID- 3866352
TI  - Dental chairside assistant training...another step forward.

PMID- 3866353
TI  - [Radiologic diagnosis XII].

PMID- 3866354
TI  - [Use of microwave therapy in the treatment of experimental pulpitis].

PMID- 3866355
TI  - [Antiaggregation activity of periodontal tissues in acute emotional pain stress].

PMID- 3866356
TI  - [Angioarchitectonics of the mandible in the white rat].

PMID- 3866357
TI  - [Action of cyclic nucleotides on alveolar bone and tooth germs in tissue
      culture].

PMID- 3866358
TI  - [Correlations between the acoustic and mechanical properties of the human skull].

PMID- 3866359
TI  - [Paroxysmal bioelectrical activity of the brain in Sjogren's syndrome].

PMID- 3866360
TI  - [Calcium and phosphorus content in the enamel at different periods after tooth
      eruption].

PMID- 3866361
TI  - [Experience with using a multidimensional information system to study the late
      results of treating caries and noncarious lesions of the hard dental tissues].

PMID- 3866362
TI  - [Interrelation of blood circulation in the periodontium and body reactivity of
      the cardiovascular system].

PMID- 3866363
TI  - [Granulocyte elastase activity and the content of acid-stable proteinase
      inhibitors in the oral fluid of patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases].

PMID- 3866365
TI  - [Prevention--the main task of dentists. The decision of the 17th Plenum of the
      Board of the All-Union Society of Dentists].

PMID- 3866364
TI  - [Coagulating and fibrinolytic activity of mixed saliva from patients with
      hemorrhagic thrombocytovasopathies].

PMID- 3866366
TI  - [Intrafamilial predisposition to the development of hyperplastic processes].

PMID- 3866367
TI  - [Kinetics of changes in the permanent electric field during the healing of
      mandibular fractures in the human].

PMID- 3866368
TI  - [Experience in fixing zygomatic fractures with an inflatable balloon].

PMID- 3866369
TI  - [Morphological characteristics of muscle tissue in the area of the cleft upper
      lip].

PMID- 3866370
TI  - [Surgical treatment of glossoptosis in Robin's syndrome].

PMID- 3866371
TI  - [Intraosseous fibromas of the jaws].

PMID- 3866372
TI  - [Surface roughness of human dental enamel].

PMID- 3866373
TI  - [Effect of the personality characteristics of the patient on the outcome of
      orthodontic treatment].

PMID- 3866374
TI  - [Costen's syndrome].

PMID- 3866375
TI  - [Results of orthodontic treatment of dystopia of the canine and crowding of the
      maxillary front teeth involving removal of the 1st premolar].

PMID- 3866376
TI  - [Electrical charging of artificial polymer systems used in orthodontic dentistry.
      A study of its possible prevention].

PMID- 3866377
TI  - [Effect of algipor and calmecine on the dental pulp of monkeys in the treatment
      of experimental traumatic pulpitis].

PMID- 3866378
TI  - [Adrenal glucocorticoid function following dental preparation for artificial
      crowns under local anesthesia].

PMID- 3866379
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the elasticity and magnitude of the forces of
      orthodontic wire elements made of stainless steel and of a titanium nickelide
      based alloy].

PMID- 3866380
TI  - [Morphological basis for the effective prevention of caries of the masticatory
      surfaces].

PMID- 3866381
TI  - [Orthodontic splint for treating tooth dislocations in children].

PMID- 3866382
TI  - [Primary prevention of basic dental diseases in the Lithuanian SSR].

PMID- 3866383
TI  - [Organization of dental care in a rural locality].

PMID- 3866384
TI  - [Inventions in Soviet oral medicine (based on data from a study of a large volume
      of descriptions of inventions for inventor certifications and patents in the
      USSR)].

PMID- 3866385
TI  - [Results of the local and general fluorine prophylaxis of caries in the children
      of Omsk Province].

PMID- 3866386
TI  - [Effect of serotonin on dental caries development in animals].

PMID- 3866387
TI  - [Periodontal status of Moscow schoolchildren].

PMID- 3866388
TI  - [Age-related characteristics of the depth of the oral vestibule and its role in
      the development of periodontal disease].

PMID- 3866389
TI  - [Treatment of the exacerbations of recurrent herpetic stomatitis in children].

PMID- 3866390
TI  - [Dental status of preschoolers with congenital facial and palatal clefts].

PMID- 3866391
TI  - [Relationship of the morphological form of the maxillary and mandibular molars to
      their caries susceptibility].

PMID- 3866392
TI  - [Anomalies of the lingual frenum].

PMID- 3866393
TI  - [Desmoplastic fibroma of the jaw bones in children].

PMID- 3866394
TI  - [Functional evaluation of the peripheral blood granulocytes of children with
      acute odontogenic inflammation].

PMID- 3866395
TI  - [Use of composition SK-1 for the gingivitis therapy of children and adolescents
      undergoing orthodontic treatment].

PMID- 3866396
TI  - [Combined treatment of maxillodental anomalies combined with retained teeth in
      children].

PMID- 3866397
TI  - [Use of the WHO periodontal index in studying the periodontal morbidity of
      persons 15 to 25 years old].

PMID- 3866398
TI  - [Significance of the syntopy of the lymph nodes and parotid parenchyma in the
      development of lymphogenic parotitis].

PMID- 3866399
TI  - [Means of inculcating dental caries prophylaxis in children].

PMID- 3866400
TI  - [Use of photoplethysmography for controlling the effectiveness of periodontitis
      treatment].

PMID- 3866401
TI  - [Blood coagulation disorders and their correction in periodontal disease].

PMID- 3866402
TI  - [Prognostic importance of research on the immunoglobulin dynamics of patients
      with maxillofacial phlegmons].

PMID- 3866403
TI  - [Surgical treatment of an open bite by mobilizing the lateral portions of the
      maxilla].

PMID- 3866404
TI  - [Characteristics of a surgical technic for endosseous implantation].

PMID- 3866405
TI  - [Potentials of thermography in maxillofacial diseases].

PMID- 3866406
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint arthrosis due to disordered
      occlusal function].

PMID- 3866408
TI  - [Intensity of dental caries lesions in children in relation to the fluorine
      content in the drinking water].

PMID- 3866407
TI  - [State of the oral tissues in hemoblastosis patients and the characteristics of
      preparing them for orthodontic treatment].

PMID- 3866409
TI  - Effects of salsalate (nonacetylated salicylate) and aspirin on serum
      prostaglandins in humans.
AB  - Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), and salicylic acid were measured
      in blood samples from 10 healthy men after administration of antiinflammatory
      doses of aspirin (3.9 g/day) or salsalate (3.0 g/day). Each medication was given
      for 3 days, followed by an observation period of 13 days. Plasma salicylate
      concentrations were slightly, but generally insignificantly, higher during
      aspirin dosing, although both drugs produced salicylic acid levels in the
      antiinflammatory range. Serum levels of PGE2 and TXB2, which reflected synthesis
      of cyclo-oxygenase products by platelets, were minimally affected by salsalate
      but profoundly suppressed by aspirin. When medication was discontinued, the
      effects of salsalate on serum PGE2 and TXB2 were readily reversible within 36 h,
      whereas the recovery from aspirin was still incomplete after 13 days of
      observation. These results indicate that the two orally administered salicylates
      have differential effects on prostaglandin synthesis in platelets and may also
      differ in their therapeutic and adverse effects.

PMID- 3866410
TI  - Dermot Pierse lecture. Injuries of the posterior segment of the eye.

PMID- 3866411
TI  - Timolol and guanethidine plus adrenaline in combination in the treatment of
      chronic open angle glaucoma.
AB  - A four month study was conducted in patients with chronic open angle glaucoma to
      determine whether timolol and guanethidine plus adrenaline have an additive
      effect in lowering intraocular pressure. Thirty-five patients were assigned to
      four treatment sequences (timolol 0.25 per cent and 0.5 per cent supplemented
      with guanethidine 1 per cent plus adrenaline 0.2 per cent (Ganda 1.0/0.2) and
      vice-versa). There was a significant reduction in intraocular pressure after one
      month's combined therapy in three of the four treatment groups but this reduction
      was maintained in only one group (timolol 0.5 per cent with Ganda 1.0/0.2) after
      four months therapy. The results are discussed with particular reference to
      adrenergic influences on aqueous humour dynamics.

PMID- 3866412
TI  - Solar retinopathy in the Manchester area.
AB  - A report of 11 cases of solar retinopathy is given. Particular emphasis is laid
      on the mechanism of light hazard with protective measures available, symptoms
      including scotomata with visual prognosis, and the clinico-pathological
      correlation of the findings. These are divided into mild, with early retinal
      oedema, and moderate, with later development of pseudo-lamellar holes associated
      with the presence of a fibrillar 'tuft' described here for the first time.

PMID- 3866413
TI  - The effect of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis on diabetic eye
      complications.
AB  - Nine patients have been followed ophthalmologically since starting continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for periods ranging from 16 to 48 months.
      All patients had eye disease related to their diabetes. Seven patients had
      proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and all these required laser treatment,
      six while undergoing CAPD. PDR was considered to have progressed during CAPD in
      four patients.

PMID- 3866415
TI  - Should pre-school children be screened for visual defects?

PMID- 3866414
TI  - Screening?

PMID- 3866416
TI  - Refraction in childhood.

PMID- 3866417
TI  - Assessment of the visual field by anyone, anywhere and at any time.
AB  - A visual field test for use in situations where conventional perimetry is
      impossible is presented. The test is entitled 'Oculo-Kinetic Perimetry' because
      it is the subject's eye that moves and not the test stimulus.

PMID- 3866418
TI  - The future of the dental profession.

PMID- 3866419
TI  - Renal vasodilation after unilateral renal ablation.
AB  - Renal blood flow was studied in rats 120 minutes after unilateral renal ablation.
      The influence of endogenous prostaglandin formation was evaluated by indomethacin
      treatment prior to the ablation. Radioactive microspheres were used for
      estimation of the total renal and cortical blood flow, and the renal medullary
      blood flow was determined with the 86-Rb chloride extraction method. The total
      blood flow in the remaining kidney was increased by 80% following contralateral
      ablation, with augmentation in all areas, particularly in the deep medullary
      region. Indomethacin treatment in intact rats evoked increased blood flow as
      compared with the indomethacin control group. The results indicated that the
      renal blood vessels respond to ablation of the contralateral kidney with dilation
      in all kidney regions, and that this vascular dilation may be prostaglandin
      mediated.

PMID- 3866420
TI  - [Functional features of peripheral blood neutrophils in chronic myeloid leukemia
      and subleukemia myelosis].

PMID- 3866421
TI  - Report about the status of dental health--West Virginia.

PMID- 3866422
TI  - Professional discipline: how well does dentistry police itself?

PMID- 3866423
TI  - Chronic myelogenous leukemia.

PMID- 3866424
TI  - [Paranoid reactions and psychoses of the involutional age].
AB  - The first part of the paper gives a view of paranoid conditions and the criteria
      used for differentiation using the international classification of diseases of
      the world-health organisation. With this background the paranoid psychoses
      occurring characteristically during midlife are presented in their typical
      expression. In the second part using own investigations the characteristic course
      is presented using syndromal and course-related criteria. In the third part of
      the paper the relationship of this psychoses to midlife from psychological and
      sociological viewpoints will be addressed with the conclusion to extrapolate from
      the total group of paranoid psychoses. In the closing fourth part they will be
      mentioned as characteristic examples of a multidimensional therapeutic endeavour.

PMID- 3866425
TI  - [Dilemma of aging. Crises and chances of late adulthood].
AB  - The "midlifephase" of the various life periods is accompanied by an increasing
      awareness of a limited life, experiencing that in personal relations, especially
      those to parents and older friends. Possibilities for changing and chances are
      discussed. The goal of a "late freedom" is aimed at. The dilemma of higher aging
      is characterized by the realization of a painful irrepossibility. Basically there
      are three positions possible: a hopeless position, a calculating-integrative and
      a creative one.

PMID- 3866426
TI  - [The involutional age from the viewpoint of the gynecologist].
AB  - Besides the normal aging processes, which affect all human beings, regardless of
      their gender the involutional years of women have a number of special
      characteristics. These are based on the fact, that one group of organs-the
      reproductive system - hold their function earlier than the others. Because of
      this fact the involution of women ist basically different from that of men.
      During these years she often require therapeutic help by a physician not only for
      drug therapy but also psychologically. The drug-therapy seems to be relatively
      simple: balance of the oestrogen deficit. But today the oestrogen therapy became
      more difficult and has to be adjusted individually. The decision has to be made
      in regard to the type of hormone, the dose, the time sequence, the question of
      the gestagen component, the risk for malignancy, the effect on clothing and
      vessels etc. Old and new types of therapy including diet, tea, climate and
      bathing cures, tranquilizers, drugs for the autonomic nervous system, homeopathic
      therapy, acupuncture etc. also have their place. We will discuss these questions
      in the afternoon session extensively since the involutional years of women from
      the view of the gynaecologists are a very interesting and important field of
      medicine still for therapy and research.

PMID- 3866427
TI  - [Depressive diseases of the involutional age].
AB  - Depressions in old age tend to become chronic. This depends on the difficulty to
      adapt to the biological changes in old age. Depression in aged people should be
      valued equally to other depression. It has to be differentiated from mental
      deficiency in age. Some points characterize depression in involutional age:
      deminuation of functions of the body, cancellation of old people, isolation and
      social distress in age, lack of relation to the future. The onset of therapy has
      to regard these different factors.

PMID- 3866428
TI  - Contact lenses: boon or bain?

PMID- 3866429
TI  - Rural health centre use: variation with distance and disease.
AB  - Utilisation of a rural health centre in respect to distance and disease is
      examined. Some deficiencies in health care provision are revealed, and strategies
      implemented to correct these through aid post-orderlies (APO) inservice, maternal
      child health (MCH) reorganisation and health education are outlined. This type of
      survey is easy to conduct, uses data routinely collected and can help plan
      improvement of health services.

PMID- 3866431
TI  - Brain abscess--then and now.
AB  - The varieties of brain abscess seen in Papua New Guinea are very much those seen
      by Sir William Macewen a century ago. A plea is made for early referral, and the
      essentials of surgical management are outlined.

PMID- 3866430
TI  - A rapid appraisal of the nutritional status of Irian Jaya refugees and Papua New
      Guineans undergoing severe food shortage in the North Fly region.
AB  - A survey of nutritional status of recent border crossers from Irian Jaya
      undergoing severe food shortages was carried out. The two camps visited were
      those considered to have the most serious problems at the height of the crisis.
      Komopkin Camp had the highest levels of malnutrition in all age groups and in all
      categories, including 52% of children aged 1 to 5 years with signs of
      kwashiorkor. No kwashiorkor, however, was found in the other camp. Papua New
      Guinea villagers living alongside the refugees in Komopkin were also suffering
      from malnutrition, though of lesser severity and shorter duration.

PMID- 3866432
TI  - Neuropathological findings in coastal Papua New Guineans.
AB  - A number of previously unreported neuropathological findings in 31 unselected
      coastal Papua New Guineans are discussed. A peculiar and previously unknown
      calcification around the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata in two children
      is described in detail. Our results suggest that more frequent neuropathological
      investigations are needed in Papua New Guinea.

PMID- 3866433
TI  - Analyses of vegetables from the highlands of Papua New Guinea.
AB  - Ten vegetable foods of the highlands were analysed for crude protein, amino acids
      and trypsin inhibitor. Pandanus nut, lima bean, fern, greens, pitpit and choko
      had good to acceptable crude protein contents and the proteins of fern, pitpit,
      Rungia klossii and Indian mustard were of good quality. Lima beans had a very
      high content of trypsin inhibitor and all others had small or zero amounts,
      including fern, which is used at pig feasts and hence does not contribute to pig
      bel.

PMID- 3866434
TI  - Scarcity of bladder and renal tumours in rural Melanesians.

PMID- 3866435
TI  - Scombroid fish poisoning at Alotau.

PMID- 3866436
TI  - Fluids for hypovolaemic shock.

PMID- 3866437
TI  - Spread of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Papua New Guinea.

PMID- 3866438
TI  - Chemotherapy of tuberculosis.

PMID- 3866439
TI  - Issues in social science and medicine in Papua New Guinea.

PMID- 3866440
TI  - Childbirth on Kiriwina, Trobriand Islands, Milne Bay Province.
AB  - This study presents the first true documentation of birthgiving among the
      Trobriand Islanders of Papua New Guinea. In contrast to other research projects
      where interviews only provide a rather imprecise and partly contradictory picture
      of childbirth, the information here is based upon participant observation and
      photographs taken of three birthing processes. The advantages and disadvantages
      of both the traditional and Western birthing systems are compared and analyzed.
      Suggestions for a Traditional Birth Attendant programme are presented with the
      aim of improving village deliveries in ways that are consistent with deeply
      ingrained aspects of culture. They are meant to initiate further discussions
      based on this topic and do not provide a final structure of such a Traditional
      Birth Attendant programme.

PMID- 3866441
TI  - Midwifery services in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea: a proposal.
AB  - This report describes socio-cultural similarities and differences which will
      affect the success of midwifery training programs in Karkar and Negiri, Madang
      Province, Papua New Guinea. The report acknowledges these communities' concerns
      about a midwifery project, notes problems in determining accurate perinatal data
      for these locales, and indicates the need for comprehensive maternal-child care
      which is commensurate with these peoples' customs and beliefs. While recognizing
      that in many nations training of midwifery specialists addresses needs in a
      practical manner, this report recommends training local women as midwifery
      teachers as a preferred approach for areas such as Karkar and Negiri.

PMID- 3866442
TI  - Social and cultural aspects of family planning programmes.
AB  - In all societies fertility is an important issue imbedded within a specific
      cultural framework. Changes in fertility rates, in particular, where these are
      intended to be brought about by family planning programmes, require sensitive
      understanding of the interactions of belief, social organization and individual
      choice. The anthropological method of inquiry is very useful in this regard and
      is here illustrated in a study of family planning among the Huli of the Southern
      Highlands.

PMID- 3866443
TI  - Reproductive decision-making in the Upper Ramu District, Papua New Guinea:
      cognitive aspects of adaptive problem-solving.
AB  - This paper identifies specific interrelationships between political-economic,
      ecological, health and cultural parameters that shape reproductive choice in
      rural lowland families of the Usino region, Upper Ramu District, Madang Province,
      Papua New Guinea. Additionally, it compares their reproductive choices and
      strategies with those of upland groups in the same district. Lowland and upland
      cultural groups occupy distinct technological niches and follow distinct adaptive
      reproductive strategies consistent with their different perceptions of the value
      of children. In both cases, reproductive decisions are largely outcomes of
      economically rational cost-benefit analyses founded on divergent definitions of
      ecological, political, economic and technological conditions. This paper examines
      how reproductive decision-making reflects and is structured by Usino perceptions
      of the value of children, relative economic opportunity and health status; it
      elucidates the social levels at which these decisions are made and the adaptive
      rationality of those decisions; and it suggests both blind and intentional
      mechanisms of cultural selection.

PMID- 3866444
TI  - Infant mortality in the Saniyo-Hiyowe population, Ambunti District, East Sepik
      Province.
AB  - In this small East Sepik population, the infant death rate is extremely high,
      about 400 per 1000. It has remained at least as high in the generation after
      contact in the early 1960s as in the generation born prior to first contact with
      government and missionaries, despite many other kinds of social and economic
      change. Simple aid post treatment available year round and twice yearly
      immunization patrols remain a pressing need for small, peripheral populations
      like this one who are still without these services.

PMID- 3866445
TI  - Alcohol research in Papua New Guinea: implications for health care workers.
AB  - Over the last 5 years a substantial amount of research and publication has been
      completed on the subject of alcoholic beverage consumption and its consequences
      for Papua New Guinea. This work can be grouped under four topical headings:
      anthropological, epidemiological (including public health), psychological and
      sociological. These recent findings will be summarized below and their relevance
      for health care personnel in helping to prevent some of the negative results of
      alcohol abuse will then be discussed.

PMID- 3866446
TI  - Substance use in pregnancy among two groups of urban women in Papua New Guinea.
AB  - Although use of common psychoactive drugs during pregnancy may have deleterious
      effects on the fetus, little is known about patterns of use of these substances
      among Third World women of childbearing age. Interview data are presented from
      two different groups of young women resident in the national capital of Papua New
      Guinea in 1980-1981 regarding use of alcoholic beverages, cigarettes, caffeinated
      beverages and betel, and their opinions on the appropriateness of such practices
      during pregnancy. Approval of use during pregnancy reflected reported
      consumption: caffeine was most acceptable, cigarettes were least. Patterns of
      cigarette use reported here may threaten pregnancy outcome.

PMID- 3866447
TI  - The distribution of therapeutic knowledge in Ningerum: implications for primary
      health care and the use of aid posts.
AB  - Traditional healing among the Ningerum offers an excellent example of a typical
      Papua New Guinea ethnomedical system. In such systems diagnosis takes place in
      the family and most ailments are treated by widely known home based remedies.
      Knowledgeable individuals offer special limited treatments as kinsmen or friends
      but are seldom sought after. Aid post medicines are viewed as analogs of well
      known traditional remedies and are specifically requested as such. While this
      behaviour does not preclude utilization of Western medicine, it has important
      implications for the delivery of primary health care.

PMID- 3866448
TI  - Traditional medicine: institutional perceptions and cultural realities.
AB  - Strong interest has developed in the integration of traditional health practices
      with modern or Western health services, i.e. a fusion of "traditional medicine"
      and "modern medicine". Pervasive complications, both structural and functional,
      appear inherent yet not irresolvable in such a fusion. These difficulties are
      assessed, using examples from the Papua New Guinean situation, and some
      suggestions are made towards achieving integration of the two modes, with
      attention also to primary-level health care programmes.

PMID- 3866449
TI  - Biliary lipid metabolism in gallstone disease and during gallstone dissolution
      treatment.

PMID- 3866450
TI  - Cytologic findings in primary malignant carcinoid tumor of the cervix. Including
      immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy performed on cervical smears.
AB  - The cytologic findings in a primary malignant carcinoid tumor of the cervix are
      presented. In addition to the presence in the smears of cells suggestive of
      squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, which led to an initial diagnosis of
      adenosquamous carcinoma, there were multinucleated giant cells with prominent,
      reddish nucleoli, finely granular chromatin and grayish-blue to eosinophilic
      cytoplasm, as well as smaller pleomorphic cells, against a tumor-diathesis type
      of background. Immunocytochemistry performed on the cervical smears showed the
      presence of serotonin, and ultrastructural analysis revealed abundant
      intracytoplasmic, membrane-bound granules in malignant cells, thus confirming the
      diagnosis of a carcinoid tumor.

PMID- 3866451
TI  - Microfilariae in laryngeal and pharyngeal brushing smears from a case of
      carcinoma of the pharynx.
AB  - Microfilariae were observed in May-Grunwald-Giemsa-stained brushing smears of the
      laryngeal and pharyngeal areas in a 35-year-old man with carcinoma of the
      pharyngeal wall and marked laryngeal edema. Liberation of microfilariae due to
      lymphorrhexis following severe lymphedema was considered to be the mechanism for
      the infestation of these sites, which has not been previously reported.

PMID- 3866452
TI  - Pleural fluid cytology of invasive thymoma.
AB  - A case is presented of invasive thymoma with recurrence in the pleura six years
      after thymectomy. Diagnosis of the pleural recurrence was by pleural fluid
      cytology and pleural biopsy. The histologic and cytologic features of the primary
      neoplasm and pleural recurrence are discussed and compared with the cytologic
      findings of thymomas in fine needle aspirates.

PMID- 3866453
TI  - Cytologic findings in an effusion caused by rupture of a benign cystic teratoma
      of the mediastinum into a serous cavity.
AB  - Benign cystic teratomas of the ovary and anterior mediastinum are rarely
      complicated by rupture into an adjacent body cavity. Such rupture, however, is
      usually associated with life-threatening serositis and effusion. This report
      presents the cytologic findings in such an effusion, which in this case followed
      traumatic rupture of an anterior mediastinal benign cystic teratoma into a
      pleural space. Close examination of the cytologic preparations of the effusion
      showed the presence of squamous and columnar epithelial cells, anucleated
      squames, hairs, calcospherites (calcium deposits), keratinous material and
      cholesterol against an inflammatory background. These findings in an effusion
      from a patient presenting with acute respiratory distress or acute abdominal
      pain, while not absolutely diagnostic, should strongly suggest the possibility of
      a ruptured benign cystic teratoma.

PMID- 3866454
TI  - Exfoliative cytology of a primary adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis. A case
      report.
AB  - The cytologic features of a primary adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis in a 64
      year-old woman are reported. Cytologic examination of voided urine revealed an
      ordinary papillary pattern, characterized by clumping of cells with nuclear
      overlapping, eccentric position of nuclei and cytoplasmic vacuolization due to
      mucus production. Leukocytes and micro-organisms were also present. Multiple
      lesions of papillary adenocarcinoma were subsequently found in the right renal
      pelvis and ureter. The histogenesis of the primary adenocarcinoma seemed to be
      closely related to columnar-cell metaplasia of lining of the renal pelvis of this
      patient, who had previously been treated for tuberculosis of the urinary bladder.

PMID- 3866455
TI  - Hematoidin crystals in cervicovaginal smears. Report of two cases.
AB  - Cervicovaginal smears obtained from two women, one at the 32nd week of pregnancy
      and the other at the immediate postpartum period, contained hematoidin crystals.
      These crystals were of a golden color and appeared as radially arranged fine
      needles forming cockleburrs or as aggregates of small irregular particles,
      spherules or rhomboids, in most instances associated with or within histiocytes.
      Hemosiderin pigment was associated with them in small amounts. The presence of
      hematoidin crystals is not an uncommon finding in cytologic specimens,
      particularly those obtained by fine needle aspiration of walled-off, necrotizing
      lesions with a component of hemorrhage. It is a very unusual finding in
      cervicovaginal smears, probably because of the ability of the uterus to promptly
      rid itself of blood. Certain aspects of the formation and identity of hematoidin
      are discussed.

PMID- 3866457
TI  - False-negative results in cervical cytologic studies.
AB  - The appropriate interval between cervical cytologic screening studies is a matter
      of considerable controversy, with a major consideration being the problem of
      false-negative results. To determine the rate of false-negative cervical
      cytologic results in our laboratory and to determine how these failures occur,
      tissue-proven cases of carcinoma in situ, invasive squamous-cell carcinoma,
      endocervical adenocarcinoma and lymphoid malignancy involving the cervix with
      negative Papanicolaou smears obtained within one year prior to the tissue
      diagnosis were reviewed. Over the four-year period from 1980 through 1983, 339
      patients had tissue-proven cervical malignancies. Of these, 66 had false-negative
      Papanicolaou smears, representing a 20% overall false-negative rate. These false
      negative smears were rescreened. For all types of cervical malignancy, the
      majority of errors were due to sampling. No malignancy was missed
      disproportionately by either cytotechnologists or cytopathologists. We plan to
      utilize these data for quality control purposes and for continued review of
      future performance.

PMID- 3866456
TI  - Crystalline bodies in cervicovaginal smears. A cytochemical and immunochemical
      study.
AB  - Of 35,000 consecutive cervicovaginal smears examined, 111 were found to contain
      crystalline bodies with a radiate structure. Ninety-seven of these 111 smears had
      been obtained from pregnant women. The crystalline bodies were generally found in
      the cervical mucus portion of the smears and were evoking a considerable
      inflammatory reaction around them. Histochemical and immunochemical stains
      indicated that they are primarily composed of protein-carbohydrate complexes of a
      nonimmune type. In an attempt to determine the site of formation of the
      crystalline bodies during pregnancy, cervical biopsies available in six of the
      above cases were examined for crystalline bodies, with positive results in one
      nonpregnant case. Furthermore, 500 endometria from cases of interrupted
      pregnancies were examined for the presence of such structures, with negative
      results. It appears that crystalline bodies in smears from pregnant women are
      formed from products of degenerated inflammatory and other exfoliated cells
      within stagnating cervical secretions and primarily within dilated cervical
      glands. In this respect, they are similar or identical to the pseudoactinomycotic
      radiate granules or pseudosulfur granules reported in histologic sections of the
      uterus and other regions of the body. Further studies are needed to conclusively
      determine the site and mechanisms of formation of these structures.

PMID- 3866458
TI  - Serotonin in cytologic samples of liver metastases of carcinoid tumors. An
      immunocytochemical study with a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Cytologic samples of malignant carcinoid tumors were examined with regard to the
      presence of serotonin by immunocytochemical staining with a monoclonal antibody.
      Serotonin immunoreactivity occurred in tumor cells derived from carcinoids of the
      small intestine while bronchial carcinoid tumor cells were nonreactive. Acetone
      alcohol fixation of the cells was a prerequisite for an adequate staining. The
      serotonin-immunoreactive tumors were also argentaffin positive. The results
      indicate that cytologic specimens of neuroendocrine tumors, such as carcinoid,
      can be successfully assayed for the presence of serotonin by an
      immunocytochemical procedure.

PMID- 3866459
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytology of granulomatous prostatitis induced by BCG
      immunotherapy of bladder cancer.
AB  - Six patients treated with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for
      superficial bladder cancer had granulomatous prostatitis demonstrated
      histologically by transperineal needle biopsy. Four of the six patients also
      underwent transrectal fine needle aspiration (FNA) for cytologic study. The
      diagnosis of granulomatous prostatitis was made cytologically in all four without
      knowledge of the histologic findings. Granulomatous prostatitis appears to be
      common following intravesical BCG treatment; these cases show that FNA cytology
      can be recommended as a method for diagnosing this complication.

PMID- 3866460
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytologic study of the solitary thyroid nodule. Profile of
      308 cases with histologic correlation.
AB  - The cytologic features and diagnoses of 308 solitary thyroid nodules subjected to
      fine needle aspiration (FNA) are presented and correlated with the
      histopathology. The findings reconfirmed the overall utility of FNA cytology in
      the differentiation of benign from neoplastic lesions and in the specific
      diagnosis of most types of thyroid lesions. The difficulty in the diagnosis of
      follicular carcinoma and in its differentiation from follicular adenoma is
      highlighted. Of note was the finding of Hurthle-cell populations in several types
      of lesions, which represents a potential diagnostic problem; this potential
      difficulty was lessened by sampling two or three areas within a nodule, thus
      obtaining a more truly representative specimen.

PMID- 3866461
TI  - Cytomorphology of tuberculous mastitis. A report of nine cases with fine needle
      aspiration cytology.
AB  - Nine cases of tuberculosis of the breast were diagnosed by fine needle aspiration
      (FNA) cytology over a six-month period. All cases presented with a breast lump,
      three of which clinically simulated carcinoma. FNA cytology showed a picture of
      suppurating granulomatous mastitis; the diagnosis of tuberculosis was established
      after the demonstration of acid-fast bacilli in the aspirated material.

PMID- 3866462
TI  - Fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology in the diagnosis of inflammatory lesions.
AB  - In 42 fine needle aspirations (FNA), the cytologic findings were interpreted as
      either suppurative or granulomatous inflammation. The majority of these FNAs were
      performed in patients with a known history of malignancy in whom recurrent or
      residual malignancy was suspected clinically. In 13 cases, a specific
      microbiologic diagnosis was made on the basis of the aspirate, either by cytology
      or by culture. In the remaining 29 cases, no specific diagnosis was possible.
      Open biopsies were later performed in 9 of the 29 cases, revealing the presence
      of actinomycosis of the parotid in one case and of carcinoma of the breast in a
      second. Five additional patients in whom only inflammation was diagnosed on the
      aspirate subsequently proved to have tumor at the FNA site. FNA therefore is not
      absolutely reliable for the exclusion of malignancy and requires correlation with
      other data and appropriate follow-up. Aspiration did, however, rapidly provide
      solutions to otherwise confusing clinical problems in the majority of instances.

PMID- 3866463
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytology smear patterns of malignant melanoma.
AB  - The 23 cases of malignant melanoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA)
      cytology from the years 1974 to 1983 were reviewed. The smears showed an
      abundance of melanin pigment overshadowing the tumor cells in six cases, a
      pleomorphic cytology in six, a round-cell morphology in four, an epithelial-like
      appearance in six and a spindle-cell pattern in one. Melanin pigment was readily
      seen in the May-Grunwald-Giemsa-stained smears in all cases except two, in one of
      which it was apparent after use of the Schmorl stain for melanin. An interesting
      observation was the presence of multiple, well-defined clear vacuoles in the
      cytoplasm of many cells and similar nuclear vacuolization in some cells in smears
      from ten cases. These cells could be regarded as intermediate forms between the
      nonvacuolated cells and the hypervacuolated balloon cells. The cause of this
      vacuolization is probably the result of degeneration and coalescence of
      melanosomes due to abnormal melanogenesis. These vacuoles were prominent in May
      Grunwald-Giemsa-stained smears but were only faintly visible in Papanicolaou
      stained smears, which may be the reason why this observation had not received
      emphasis in earlier reports of the FNA cytologic diagnosis of melanoma, in which
      the Papanicolaou stain was primarily used.

PMID- 3866464
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytology of primary epidermoid cyst of the brain.
AB  - The cytologic features of a primary epidermoid cyst of the brain diagnosed by
      intraoperative fine needle aspiration cytology are reported. The cytomorphologic
      findings included numerous anucleated squames, polarizable cholesterol crystals
      and a few squamous cells with keratohyaline granules. This case demonstrated the
      efficacy of using both the Diff-Quik and Papanicolaou stains in evaluation of
      cystic lesions of the brain. A discussion of the expected aspiration cytologic
      findings of other cystic cerebral lesions is also presented.

PMID- 3866465
TI  - Pulmonary adenocarcinoma metastatic to the adrenal gland mimicking normal adrenal
      cortical epithelium on fine needle aspiration.
AB  - Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of enlarged adrenal glands detected by computed
      tomography is a valuable method for extrathoracic staging of pulmonary
      carcinomas. This paper presents the case of a middle-aged man with pulmonary
      adenocarcinoma metastatic to the adrenal glands, the FNA sample of which closely
      resembled normal adrenal cortical epithelium. Through review of the case and
      comparison with cytologic preparations from normal adrenal glands, the aspiration
      cytologic features suggesting carcinoma are described.

PMID- 3866467
TI  - A symposium on central venous catheterization. London, England, June 4, 1984.

PMID- 3866466
TI  - Portable emergency ventilators. 2. Sensitivity to environment.
AB  - Three compact ventilators (Oxylog, Maxaman and Pneupac 2), commercially available
      in Sweden, were subjected to tests concerning sensitivity to environmental
      stress. The ventilators functioned very well at temperatures above 0 degree C.
      The Oxylog apparatus was very sensitive to subzero temperatures. It also had a
      spectrum of resonance frequencies when subjected to vibration testing that
      restricts its use outside the sheltered hospital environment. The Maxaman and
      Pneupac 2 in the modified version withstood the tests in a reliable way. The
      shock tests performed had no negative effects on any of the ventilators or their
      functions.

PMID- 3866468
TI  - The consequences of a cavalier approach to central venous catheterization.
AB  - A cavalier approach on the part of some physicians, and poor research on the part
      of some equipment manufacturers, has made central venous catheterization more
      dangerous to the patient than it need be. Here, the relationship between these
      factors is discussed, with special reference to the fact that central venous
      catheterization is an invasive surgical operation which should not be taken
      lightly by its practitioners.

PMID- 3866469
TI  - Central venous and pulmonary artery catheterizations via the axillary vein.
AB  - We report the results of over 300 central venous and pulmonary artery
      catheterizations via the axillary vein. We found that the success rate with this
      method compares well with those of other catheterization routes, whilst the risk
      of mechanical injury, even for artificially ventilated patients, was virtually
      eliminated.

PMID- 3866470
TI  - "Half-way" venous catheters. I. Theoretical premises and aims.

PMID- 3866471
TI  - "Half-way" venous catheters. II. Anatomoradiological basis.
AB  - In order to develop a "half-way" venous catheter for clinical use, anthropometric
      (n = 200), radiographic (n = 101), and phlebographic (n = 44) investigations were
      undertaken to determine the lengths, diameters, and morphology of the basilic and
      cephalic veins from fossa cubiti to the lateral edge of the first rib. The
      lengths of basilic and cephalic veins varied from 25 to 45 cm, exceeding 40 cm in
      approximately 5% of cases. Catheter lengths to be inserted were correlated ("r" =
      0.6-0.7) with body heights, accurately estimated by 1/5 of the body height (cm)
      plus 2 cm for the basilic vein, and 4 cm for the cephalic vein. The cephalic
      veins have small proximal end diameters (mean = 6 mm), and present terminal
      arches of 2-3 cm. These are connected by a rich anastomotic network to the
      superficial cervical veins. The basilico-axillary courses are regular with
      gradually increasing diameters (mean = 16 mm), but in some observations, with the
      arms maximally abducted, the axillary veins presented accentuated folds. With
      these considerations, we recommend the insertion of the "half-way" catheters by
      basilic approach with the patient's arm in 90 degree abduction. The
      axillosubclavian length (mean = 18.5 cm) ensures wide limits for accurate
      placement of the "half-way" catheter tips when a basilic approach is used.
      Further, their large diameters (16-19 mm) make flotation of the soft catheters
      probable.

PMID- 3866472
TI  - "Half-way" venous catheters. III. Tip displacements with movements of the upper
      extremity.
AB  - Directions and sizes of displacement of "half-way" catheter tips with movements
      of the upper extremities were investigated in thoracic radiographs in 21 patients
      (10 women and 11 men), 28-88 years old. Ten catheters were inserted by basilic,
      and 11 by cephalic veins punctured at the fossa cubiti. Catheter tip positions
      were related to the lateral edge of the first rib. The tip position with the
      patient's arm in 90 degree abduction was considered as the reference point.
      Displacements caused by maximal flexion of the forearm, maximal adduction of the
      upper extremity, and maximal elevation of the brachium plus maximal flexion of
      the forearm were studied. With all movements and venous approaches there were
      significantly more medial than lateral displacements (P less than 0.001). The
      medial displacements varied from 0.2-5.0 cm, and the lateral ones from 0.5-1.8
      cm. Location of the "half-way" catheter tips in the proximal axillary vein, at
      the lateral edge of the first rib, is recommended. As found previously, this may
      be obtained by inserting a catheter length representing 1/5 of the patient's
      height. Such a location inhibits harbouring of the "half-way" catheter tips in
      the jugular veins with movement in the upper extremities. Furthermore, estimation
      of central venous pressures by axillary venous pressures is not affected.

PMID- 3866473
TI  - "Half-way" venous catheters. IV. Clinical experience and thrombogenicity.
AB  - "Half-way", Secalon-Seldy, soft venous catheters, 40 cm long, were inserted by
      basilic (n = 90) and cephalic (n = 31) veins at the fossa cubiti in 121 patients
      (71 men and 50 women) aged between 19 and 88 years whose heights varied from 152
      197 cm. The inserted catheter lengths approximated 1/5 of the patient's height.
      Sixty-five per cent of 106 radiologically investigated catheter tips were located
      proximally in the axillary veins, and 34% distally in the subclavian veins. The
      duration of catheterization varied from 1 to 44 (mean 9 +/- 7) days (means +/- 1
      s.d.). Perfect function was recorded in 93 of 121 catheters. No serious, but some
      minor complications were registered such as temporary interruption of infusion
      flow with movements of the arm (n = 12), partial or total catheter occlusion (n =
      16), leakage of the infusate at the insertion site (n = 1), and pain along the
      vein during infusion (n = 2). Five patients (4%) developed thrombophlebitis 2-.10
      days after insertion. Pull out phlebographies at catheter withdrawal (4-35 days
      after insertion) were performed in 36 patients. Radiological thrombi were small
      and similar to those recorded in another 53 phlebographies of "long-way" brachial
      catheters of similar stiffness. Neither local infection nor episodes of sepsis
      were registered over a period of 1,081 catheter days. "Half-way" catheters proved
      able to take over all the functions of both peripheral and central venous
      catheters, lacking the frequent complications (phlebitis and infection) of the
      former, and the serious mechanical complications (pneumothorax, vein
      perforations, and injuries of the ductus thoracicus, nerves, arteries, and heart)
      of the latter.

PMID- 3866474
TI  - Central venous catheter sepsis: the experience of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori
      of Milan.
AB  - The pathogenesis of sepsis of central venous catheters has been studied. Catheter
      exchange is a useful and effective technique for the treatment of sepsis.

PMID- 3866475
TI  - Evaluation of central venous catheter thrombogenicity.
AB  - Four studies were performed to evaluate the thrombogenicity of different central
      venous catheter materials. Two of these studies consisted of evaluating the
      amount of platelet deposition on different catheter materials, firstly in vitro
      and then in vivo using dogs. In these studies, 51-chromium was used to label the
      platelets. In the following study, the volume of clot and the degree of fibrin
      sheath were determined by placing catheters in both arteries and veins of dogs
      for two to four weeks before removing the vessels and performing a quantitative
      analysis. For the fourth study, indium labelled platelet deposition with
      scintillation counting was performed on six dogs in whom catheters had been
      placed in the femoral and carotid arteries. The vessels in three of these animals
      were removed 48 hours after imaging was completed to correlate the scintigraphic
      findings with a quantitative analysis of the clot and fibrin sheath on each
      catheter. There was a high degree of correlation between all these studies. The
      most consistently thrombogenic catheter material was polyurethane, and the least
      thrombogenic catheter material was polyurethane coated with hydromer. Silicone
      was the next least thrombogenic material examined.

PMID- 3866476
TI  - Deep venous thrombosis with clinical signs after catheterization of the superior
      vena cava system.
AB  - This clinical investigation examined deep venous thrombosis with clinical signs
      indicating superior vena caval involvement, secondary to installation of central
      venous catheters. Thrombophlebitis was rare, but very dangerous if of septic
      origin.

PMID- 3866477
TI  - The effect of new complete dentures on mastication and dietary intake.
AB  - Masticatory efficiency, the subjective experience of masticatory performance, and
      dietary intake were measured for 43 subjects who were provided with new complete
      dentures. The subjects were tested on three occasions: with the old complete
      dentures, with the new complete dentures when free from symptoms, and with the
      new dentures about 4 months after insertion. Masticatory efficiency and the
      subjective experience of masticatory performance increased significantly when the
      subjects were provided with new dentures, but no changes were found in the
      dietary intake. With the new dentures the masticatory efficiency and the
      subjective experience of masticatory performance were correlated to each other.

PMID- 3866478
TI  - The effect of removable partial dentures on mastication and dietary intake.
AB  - Masticatory efficiency, the subjective experience of masticatory performance, and
      dietary intake were evaluated in 19 subjects who were treated with a removable
      partial denture in the lower jaw. The subjects were tested on three occasions:
      before treatment, with the dentures when free from symptoms, and about 4 months
      after the dentures were inserted. Masticatory efficiency and the subjective
      experience of masticatory performance increased significantly after the subjects
      were provided with the dentures, but no changes were found in the dietary intake.

PMID- 3866479
TI  - The significance of pH for the inhibiting effect of phosphate buffer on the
      corrosion processes.
AB  - The influence of pH on the protective effect of phosphate buffer on the corrosion
      processes was studied by measuring the amounts of elements released from a dental
      amalgam. The analyses were conducted by means of atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry. The protective effect of phosphate buffer was reduced in
      solutions with low pH, and mercury could be detected in the solutions. Phosphate
      buffer maintained its aftereffect in the pH region 6.8-5.5. The flow rate of the
      solution did not influence the inhibiting effect of phosphate buffer.

PMID- 3866480
TI  - Adequacy and effectiveness of a public dental care program for old-age
      pensioners.
AB  - The purpose of the present work was to assess the adequacy and effectiveness of a
      public dental program for old-age pensioners. The dental care program offered
      free consultation and treatment at reduced prices to all pensioners (3072) in a
      municipality near Oslo in 1979. To study treatment need and access to dental
      care, a random sample of 430 pensioners was drawn from the total population of
      old-age pensioners; 371 persons were clinically examined. Of the 3072 old-age
      pensioners 23.7% responded positively and indicated that they were interested in
      the program, whereas 19.8% accepted, and 14.6% had the treatment carried out. The
      program adequacy was low and became lower when more restricted criteria for
      access to dental services were used. The program effectiveness was 18% or 16%,
      depending on which criteria were used for access. Acceptance of the program was
      highest among people who were aware of it, had natural teeth, had a dental
      problem, did not have their own dentist, had limited education, or were among the
      young pensioners.

PMID- 3866482
TI  - Reproducibility and variation of skin surface temperature over the
      temporomandibular joint and masseter muscle in normal individuals.
AB  - Temperature, temperature differences between right and left sides, temperature
      variation with time, and temperature measurement reproducibility were
      investigated in 42 normal individuals over the origin of the superficial portion
      of the masseter muscle and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with fast- and slow
      reacting thermistors. The average temperature was higher with the fast-reacting
      thermistor than with the slow-reacting thermistor for all measured locations. The
      temperature difference between the left and right side was in about 90% of the
      performed measurements less than or equal to 1 degree C in both locations. The
      temperature also differed between the two locations and was highest at the skin
      surface over the TMJ. The reproducibility of the method according to the standard
      deviation of a single measurement was satisfactory.

PMID- 3866481
TI  - Effect of dental amalgam restorations on the mercury content of nerve tissues.
AB  - In an autopsy study in two men and an experimental study performed on three
      female beagles the mercury burden of nerve tissues was determined. Nerve tissues
      from the head and face region and from three peripheral nerves were analyzed for
      mercury content with the aid of atomic absorption spectroscopy. In the dogs
      dental amalgam restorations were placed so as to investigate the possible
      influence from the amalgam on the mercury content of the tissues under study. The
      mercury content in man and dogs differed widely from one nerve to another, with
      no apparent relation to the number, type, or location of tooth restorations.

PMID- 3866483
TI  - Effect of the naturally occurring prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha on the human
      myometrium in vivo during pregnancy.
AB  - Hysterometry has been used to evaluate the effect on the human myometrium in vivo
      during early pregnancy of the naturally occurring prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha.
      The hystermetric technique is based upon the fact that mechanical distension of
      smooth muscle induces contraction. According to the analysis of the contractile
      responses, the effects of the agents have been determined quantitatively. The
      drug effects have been characterized by changes in myometrial response between
      registrations under basic conditions and during the infusion of the active agent,
      respectively. It was found that when these drugs were given in the doses usually
      employed in clinical practice, the effect on contractility of the PGF2 alpha
      compound was more pronounced than that of the PGE2. However, when describing the
      results on a microgram basis, the PGE2 was confirmed to be more potent than the
      PGF2 alpha by a factor of up to 7-8.

PMID- 3866484
TI  - Myositis ossificans. A clinicopathologic study of 21 cases.
AB  - This clinicopathologic study concerns 21 patients with myositis ossificans, whose
      ages ranged from 7 to 81 years (average, 40.3 years). The lesions were located in
      the thigh (10 cases), upper arm (6 cases), and other sites (5 cases). In all
      patients the lesion was solitary, and in all but one, it was seen within the
      muscle. Histologically, the lesions exhibited a wide range of histologic features
      with different amounts of immature fibroblastic cells, osteoid, cartilage, and
      young or mature bone accompanied by fibrous connective tissue. They could be
      classified into three types according to the predominant or most striking
      histologic features. Type I (6 cases) was characterized by highly cellular areas
      with islands of osteoid, having occasionally been confused with extraskeletal
      osteogenic sarcoma. Type II lesions (8 cases) consisted mainly of osteoid and
      young bone rimmed by osteoblasts, in the occasional presence of cellular areas.
      Type III lesions (7 cases) were made up almost wholly of mature bone and
      cartilage surrounded invariably by dense fibrous connective tissue. Prognosis was
      excellent in 17 patients for whom follow-up information was available. Difference
      between Type I myositis ossificans and extraskeletal osteogenic sarcoma was
      briefly described, following an additional review of three cases of the latter.

PMID- 3866485
TI  - Hypertension in middle-aged men. Management, morbidity and prognostic factors
      during long-term hypertensive care.
AB  - The effects of long-term (10 years) management at a special out-patient
      hypertension clinic with respect to dropout rate, side effects, blood pressure
      (BP) control, target organ involvement, prognostic factors and cardiovascular
      morbidity have been studied in 686 middle-aged male hypertensives. The impact of
      antihypertensive treatment, as one ingredient of multiple risk factor
      intervention, on mortality and morbidity in an urban, male population have been
      analysed. The hypertensive patients were derived from a random sample of men,
      aged 47-54 years at entry, constituting the intervention group (n = 7,455) of a
      multifactorial primary prevention trail. The whole population sample was studied
      regarding the effect of treatment on morbidity. The 10-year drop-out rate
      (declined follow-up/unknown reasons) was low (5%) being highest during the first
      year. The frequency of severe adverse drug effects was low (3% per year) after
      the initial period when treatment was started. An acceptable BP reduction was
      achieved in the majority of patients, but in many cases first after a few years'
      treatment and requiring combination drug therapy. Two-thirds of the patients
      achieved the goal BP (i.e. less than 160/95 mm Hg). These results are attributed
      to the organisation of the clinic and emphasise the need for frequent check-ups
      during the early phase of treatment and an easy accessibility to nurses and
      physicians. Except for a significant regression of ST- and T-wave changes on the
      conventional ECG during the first treatment year signs of heart (conventional
      ECG, chest X-ray) and kidney (albuminuria, serum creatinine) involvement remained
      unchanged or increased slightly during follow-up. Angina pectoris (AP),
      intermittent claudication (IC) and congestive heart failure (CHF) were common
      complications. The prevalence increased steadily with an average annual incidence
      of 1.3% (AP), 0.6% (IC) and 0.6% (CHF). ECG signs indicating subclinical heart
      disease were risk factor for AP and CHF. Smoking was an independent risk factor
      for any one of these cardiovascular disorders. The 10-year incidence of total
      mortality was 11.1%, and of CHD and stroke morbidity 12.2% and 4.1%,
      respectively. Independent risk factors (entry variables) for CHD were diastolic
      BP, smoking, serum cholesterol, AP and proteinuria. A previous stroke, smoking
      and proteinuria were independently associated with stroke morbidity. Hence, the
      risk factor pattern was similar to that known to operate in the general
      population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3866486
TI  - Bulimia: disturbed patterns of solitude.
AB  - This research suggests that daily solitude has a central role in bulimia. A
      sample of 15 bulimic patients and 24 normal controls carried electronic pagers
      for one week and filled out self-reports on their experience in response to
      randomly timed signals. The bulimics reported the lowest mood states when alone
      at home, the context in which their symptomatic behavior usually takes place.
      Further, those who reported the worst experiences in this context were the one's
      showing the most severe behavioral and affective manifestations of the disorder.

PMID- 3866487
TI  - [A case of sinus aspergillosis associated with peripheral facial paralysis].

PMID- 3866488
TI  - [Thoracic duct lesions as a complication in neck dissection].

PMID- 3866489
TI  - [Alveolar bone necrosis as a complication of herpes zoster infection].

PMID- 3866490
TI  - [A case of retroperitoneal extraosseous osteogenic sarcoma].
AB  - A case of primary osteogenic sarcoma in retroperitoneal space is reported. A 33
      year-old man was admitted to our hospital with complaints of left flank pain. On
      examination, a large tumor was found in the left retroperitoneal space. After
      resection of the tumor, the patient was treated with combined chemotherapy by the
      regimen of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin and dimethyl triazeno
      imidazole carboxamide (CYVADIC). He has been well for more than ten months
      without recurrence. Extraosseous osteogenic sarcoma of the soft tissue is
      extremely rare, and only 7 cases have been reported in Japan. In general, the
      prognosis of patients has been very poor with surgery, radiotherapy or
      chemotherapy alone. A suitable combination chemotherapy or radiotherapy or both
      following radical surgery should be performed for prolonging survival, and even
      obtaining a possible cure.

PMID- 3866491
TI  - Particle formation of ceftizoxime sodium injections.

PMID- 3866492
TI  - Rigid gas-permeable lenses for extended wear--a 1-year clinical evaluation.
AB  - A 1-year evaluation of the feasibility of the use of gas-permeable rigid lenses
      for extended wear was carried out, using two different materials. Forty subjects
      were entered into the study. Fifteen were fitted with the Polycon II lens and
      another 15 with the Boston IV lens. These two groups wore the lenses on a weekly
      basis for the duration of the study. Two other groups, the controls, were fitted
      with the same types of lenses as the experimental groups, but wore the lenses on
      a daily basis. All lenses were made to the Syntex specifications for the Polycon
      lens and the groups were comparable with regard to age, sex, refractive error,
      corneal astigmatism, and any pre-existing ocular pathology. All subjects carried
      out the same care regimen for their lenses and were examined after 24 h, 1 week,
      1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. Examinations performed at the follow-up
      visits were to determine any clinically observable effects of lens wear in each
      patient in all groups. The results of the study suggest that the extended wear of
      gas-permeable rigid materials is a viable option. However, the results also
      indicate that extended wear is not without problems, and these need to be studied
      more fully before the use of gas-permeable rigid lenses for extended wear can be
      recommended.

PMID- 3866493
TI  - Serial cell culture and cytogenetic studies of marrow cells from a patient with
      monosomy 7 syndrome.
AB  - Serial bone marrow cell culture studies, with cytogenetic characterization, were
      performed in an 18-month-old boy with monosomy 7 syndrome--a condition that
      usually converts to nonlymphoblastic leukemia. Over a 12-month course, his marrow
      demonstrated: decreased colony formation and increased cluster formation in vitro
      with disease progression (consistent with preleukemia); persistence of only the
      monosomy 7 karyotype in direct marrow studies; and in contrast, proliferation of
      both 46,XY and monosomy 7 cells in in vitro marrow cultures. The findings
      indicate that certain dormant marrow cell populations may be expressed under in
      vitro culture conditions and suggest the need for determining factors which would
      allow their expression in vivo.

PMID- 3866494
TI  - Acute inclusion-body leukemia. Case report and review of literature.
AB  - An unusual case of acute leukemia with basophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in
      a child is described. Certain aspects of the case suggested a lymphoblastic
      phenotype and others a myeloid origin. The inclusions stained positively for acid
      phosphatase and toluidine blue. Too few patients have been reported to determine
      the prognostic significance of acute leukemia with inclusion bodies.

PMID- 3866495
TI  - Spontaneous remission of presumed congenital acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia
      (ANLL) in a karyotypically normal neonate.
AB  - A 3-hour-old phenotypically normal girl was transferred to Children's Hospital
      Medical Center because of skin nodules, hepatosplenomegaly, and marked
      leukocytosis. The predominant cells in the blood, bone marrow, and dermis were
      monoblasts consistent with congenital leukemia. Known causes of leukemoid
      reactions were excluded. The infant received two double-volume exchange
      transfusions but no chemotherapy. As the white blood cell counts decreased, the
      monocytic cells became more mature, suggesting that the monoblasts had the
      ability to differentiate. The proliferative capacity of the marrow appeared to be
      normal as determined by the ability of marrow cells to form colonies in soft
      agar. Chromosomal analysis of bone marrow blasts including trypsin--Giemsa
      banding was normal. Three weeks after birth the patient's CBC and physical
      examination were normal, and the bone marrow was normal by 4 months of age. The
      patient has remained in remission for over 3 years.

PMID- 3866496
TI  - Spinal cord compression in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 3866497
TI  - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis during treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a
      6-year old girl.

PMID- 3866498
TI  - [Massive hemorrhage following multiple epidural punctures as a late complication
      in thrombocythemia].
AB  - We present a female patient in whom numerous lumbar punctures for epidural
      anaesthesia were followed by a delayed development of a large subcutaneous
      haematoma in the lumbar region. The outcome was fatal. The patient's basic
      disease was found to be chronic myeloic leukaemia that had caused an excessive
      elevation of platelet count. We, therefore, suggest that lumbar punctures for
      epidural anaesthesia should be approached with extreme care in cases of
      thrombocytaemia. If possible, repeated punctures for the placement of epidural
      catheters should be avoided.

PMID- 3866499
TI  - [Use of an unmodified conventional respirator in anesthesia. Experience with the
      Oxylog respirator].
AB  - The use of an unmodified conventional ventilator for an anaesthesia circuit is
      described, whereby the dilution of the anaesthetic gas by the driving gas is
      avoided due to the connecting deadspace. The method was investigated in model
      measurements, standard ventilator settings for normoventilation are suggested,
      and first clinical results are reported.

PMID- 3866500
TI  - Ketamine anesthesia.

PMID- 3866501
TI  - Calcium channel blockers and the emergency care kit in the dental office.

PMID- 3866502
TI  - Measurement of meperidine-induced respiratory depression using a new non-invasive
      technique.
AB  - Inductive plethysmography was used to assess the magnitude and duration of
      respiratory depression caused by doses of meperidine commonly administered during
      dental intravenous sedation. Minute volume measurements exhibited a high degree
      of accuracy when compared to simultaneous spirometry. Intravenously administered
      meperidine 25 mg/70 kg and 50 mg/70 kg both caused a significant shift to the
      right in their respective ventilatory-pco(2) response curves. The magnitude and
      duration of this respiratory depression was dose related. Even relatively low
      doses of meperidine used in dental intravenous sedation cause respiratory
      depression.

PMID- 3866503
TI  - A comparison of periodontal intraligamental anesthesia using etidocaine HCl and
      lidocaine HCl.
AB  - A double-blind method was used to compare anesthesia duration following
      intraligamental administration of 1.5% etidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine and
      2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Durations of anesthesia in pulpal and
      soft tissues were monitored following periodontal ligament injections adjacent to
      the maxillary canines of 20 individuals. Complete pulpal anesthesia was attained
      in 35% of the teeth injected with etidocaine and in 55% of those receiving
      lidocaine. Soft tissue anesthesia was consistently achieved. Both pulpal and soft
      tissue anesthesia were of longer duration following the use of lidocaine
      solution. These findings suggest that anesthetic duration following periodontal
      ligament injections is more related to the concentration of vasoconstrictor than
      to the anesthetic solution employed.

PMID- 3866504
TI  - Trigeminal neuralgia: management of two cases with hypnotherapy.
AB  - Tic douloureux, unlike other chronic pain disorders, exhibits a number of very
      specific features unassociated with either sensory loss or demonstrable
      neuropathology.(1) The etiology is obscure but various contributory factors have
      been cited, and the condition is considered an important cause of face pain.
      Although a variety of drugs and surgical procedures have been employed to control
      the symptoms, the results in many cases have been temporary with many adverse
      side effects.(2) For many years, hypnotherapy has been utilized as a valid tool
      for the control of severe protracted pain, and relief of symptoms has been
      achieved in many instances where other modalities of pain management had been
      inadequate. The author presents two cases in which hypnotherapy was employed for
      the management of symptoms associated with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia.

PMID- 3866505
TI  - Nalbuphine sedation in a patient with long-term, high-dose chemotherapeutically
      controlled psychosis.
AB  - Consideration of which pharmacologic agent to use when a patient requires
      sedation prior to an oral surgery procedure entails a number of factors,
      including past medical history, current medications and dose level, duration of
      administration, pharmacologic interactions, and the dental needs of the patient.
      The case described in this report illustrates the importance of consideration of
      these factors in a patient who required sedation prior to oral surgery while
      taking 800 mg chlorpromazine, 300 mg amantadine hydrochloride, and 900 mg of
      cimetidine daily. The possible pharmacologic interactions which could occur from
      concomitantly administering either diazepam or a narcotic in the presence of
      these agents are numerous and significant. The choice of sedative agent was
      further complicated by the fact that the patient was prescribed chlorpromazine
      and amantadine in doses which far exceeded the usual therapeutic levels and had
      been maintained for an extended period of time, over 8 months. Consequently, any
      adverse reactions that may have resulted when sedating a patient taking
      chlorapromazine and amantadine hydrochloride in lower doses for a shorter
      duration would be more likely to occur with greater speed and severity in a
      patient receiving such high-dose, long-term therapy. Also, unusual reactions
      which have not been reported with usual therapeutic dose levels might also occur
      since these high doses approach toxic levels for some patients. Additionally, a
      sedative agent had to be used which would not interfere with the antipsychotic
      effects of chlorpromazine since the patient's psychiatric condition required
      maintenance of these unusually high therapeutic levels. The following case report
      gives the rationale and outcome of utilizing nalbuphine for obtunding pain and
      producing sedation during an oral surgery procedure under such complex
      therapeutic conditions.

PMID- 3866506
TI  - [Leukemic infiltration in the anterior chamber of the eye].
AB  - Leukaemic infiltration of the anterior chamber of the eye (hypopyon and corneal
      opacity) was the only sign of relapse in two girls with acute lymphoblastic
      leukaemia who had been off treatment for one and three years. The malignant cells
      had probably been present in the eye since the onset of the disease. The anterior
      segment of the eye may be a pharmacologycal "sanctuary" in patients with ALL. The
      response to radiotherapy was good but this treatment should be coupled with
      systemic chemotherapy and CNS prophylaxis.

PMID- 3866507
TI  - Intermediate filaments. International Conference on Intermediate Filaments. May
      21-23, 1984.

PMID- 3866508
TI  - Intermediate filament proteins as distinguishing markers of cell type and
      differentiated state in cultured human urinary tract epithelia.

PMID- 3866509
TI  - Conformity and diversity in the structures of intermediate filaments.

PMID- 3866510
TI  - The mammalian stress response and the cytoskeleton: alterations in intermediate
      filaments.

PMID- 3866511
TI  - Structural implications of a cDNA clone encoding mouse glial fibrillary acidic
      protein.

PMID- 3866512
TI  - [Experimental study of the antitumor anthracycline antibiotic aclarubicin
      (aclacinomycin A)].
AB  - Aclarubicin (ACR) has a selective inhibitory effect on the synthesis of RNA in
      the cells. The time of the antibiotic contact with the cells is an important
      factor in realization of its cytotoxic activity. As compared to adriamycin, ACR
      has a low specific activity in lymphoid leukemia P388, melanoma B16 and lung
      cancer LL. The therapeutic efficacy of ACR depended on the scheme of its use: in
      treatment of rapidly proliferating tumors such as P388 the highest effect is
      attained with the daily use of the antibiotic for 9 days, in treatment of slowly
      developing melanoma B16 the results were more satisfactory with intermittent use
      of the drug on days 1, 5 and 9 after the strain transplantation. The new
      antibiotic was highly effective on its use either intravenously or orally.

PMID- 3866513
TI  - In vitro activity of CI-934, a quinolone carboxylic acid active against gram
      positive and -negative bacteria.
AB  - CI-934 is a totally synthetic difluorinated quinolinecarboxylic acid with an
      ethyl-amino-methyl pyrrolidine side chain, which has broad-spectrum antibacterial
      activity, including particular potency directed against streptococci and
      staphylococci. The CI-934 MIC (micrograms per milliliter) for 90% of the strains
      tested was 0.4 (range, 0.2 to 0.8) for a group of streptococci (pneumococci,
      viridans streptococci, Streptococcus faecalis, and Lancefield groups A, B, and
      C), 0.2 (0.05 to 0.2) for staphylococci (including methicillin-resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus), 0.025 (less than or equal to 0.003 to 0.025) for
      Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 1.6 (0.1 to 25) for
      Enterobacteriaceae, 25 (3.1 to 25) for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 1.6 (0.05 to
      3.1) for non-Bacteroides anaerobe species. CI-934 was equally active in vitro
      against multi-drug-resistant and -sensitive isolates, and cross-resistance was
      not apparent. Potency increased with alkalinity and was somewhat lower in urine.
      CI-934 was bactericidal. Inhibitory activity was generally unaffected by
      anaerobiosis, light, changes in inoculum size or cation concentration, or
      addition of human serum or sodium cholate.

PMID- 3866514
TI  - Live recombinant vaccines using genetically engineered vaccinia virus.

PMID- 3866515
TI  - Protein synthesis by mammalian cells treated with C-3-modified analogs of the
      12,13-epoxytrichothecenes T-2 and T-2 tetraol.
AB  - Modification at the C-3 position of the trichothecenes T-2 and T-2 tetraol
      affected their ability to inhibit protein synthesis in African green monkey
      kidney (Vero) and mouse erythroleukemia cells. Replacement of the 3-hydroxyl of T
      2 with hydrogen caused a 24-fold decrease in activity, whereas acetylation
      resulted in a 500-to 1,000-fold decrease. Protection of the 3-hydroxyl with a
      tetrahydropyranyl moiety gave an analog that was 37-fold more inhibitory to Vero
      than to mouse erythroleukemia cells; with the other analogs a similar effect on
      protein synthesis was found for both types of cells. The analogs obtained after
      alkaline hydrolysis were much less potent than the parent trichothecenes. The 3
      tetrahydropyranyl-modified analog was equivalent in potency to T-2 tetraol, while
      the deoxygenated species was at least threefold less potent. All T-2 analogs
      caused some degree of polysome "runoff," thereby demonstrating that these species
      inhibit protein synthesis at the chain initiation stage when added at their 50%
      infective dose concentrations or lower. From these results, we suggest that the 3
      hydroxyl moiety is essential for T-2 to exhibit such high activity on eucaryotic
      cell protein synthesis and that modification at the C-3 position decreases but
      does not eliminate this activity.

PMID- 3866516
TI  - [Sites of airway contractions induced by inhalation of histamine, prostaglandin
      F2 alpha and leukotriene D4 in asthmatics--investigation by a cross-over method].

PMID- 3866517
TI  - Clinical thermofiltration: initial application.
AB  - The first clinical thermofiltration procedures (plasma filtration near or above
      normal physiologic temperature) were performed on a secondary
      hypercholesterolemia patient. The intent of this filtration scheme is the
      selective removal of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and maintenance of high
      density lipoproteins (HDL) and other essential plasma proteins including albumin.
      The EVAL 4A filter, at a filtration temperature of 37 degrees C, was selected for
      on-line thermofiltration. The sieving coefficients of LDL + very low density
      lipoproteins (VLDL) cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and albumin were 0.02, 0.75,
      and 0.78, respectively. These results are comparable to in vitro filtration tests
      using the plasma of the same patient. This system is simple to apply and does not
      require replacement solution. Compared with plasma exchange, a high return of HDL
      and other essential plasma solutes can be returned to the patient by this method.

PMID- 3866518
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of the walls of tubules in human coronal dentine.
AB  - Twenty-one fully-formed healthy human premolars were fixed, resin-impregnated and
      freeze-fractured. Specimens were critical-point dried. The wall of the dentinal
      tubules was lined with a two-layered structure which extended from the pulp
      predentine border to the dentine-enamel junction; there was a fibrous outer layer
      and an amorphous, membrane-like inner layer. The lining sheath was separated from
      the odontoblast process by a space which widened toward the outer surface of the
      dentine, although occasionally in the mid and outer dentine the lumen was
      constricted by transverse septa of the sheath which were in close proximity with
      the odontoblast process. Some tubules were divided into a system of chambers by
      transverse extensions of the membrane-like inner layer of the sheath.

PMID- 3866519
TI  - Age-dependent changes in thermoperception in human anterior teeth.
AB  - Subjects (110) divided into three different age groups participated in a follow
      up study investigating thermoperception in human anterior teeth. Deciduous teeth
      (51) were tested in 17 children (3.7 +/- 0.5 yr) and a total of 531 permanent
      teeth in two other groups of subjects: older children with an average age of 12.4
      +/- 1.9 yr and adults with an age of 44.7 +/- 11.7 yr. In all three populations,
      the subjects' ability in cold perception in teeth was determinable. No data were
      obtained, however, to prove the existence of a corresponding warm perception. The
      differences in percentages of correctly-identified cold stimuli and in recorded
      mean latencies proved to be age-dependent. Variations in degree of dental decay
      and prior dental therapy did not show a significant effect on cold perception. No
      differences were found in the data obtained from female and male volunteers.

PMID- 3866520
TI  - The effects of oxalate treatment on the smear layer of ground surfaces of human
      dentine.
AB  - The layer was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and by measurement of
      hydraulic conductance before and after 2-min topical treatment with potassium
      chloride, neutral potassium oxalate, half-neutralized oxalic acid or both neutral
      and acidic oxalates. The treated smear layers were then re-evaluated
      microscopically and functionally both before and after acid challenge. The layers
      treated with KCl were not altered either microscopically or functionally and were
      susceptible to acid etching. Dentine surfaces treated with either oxalate
      solutions became less permeable and were acid-resistant.

PMID- 3866522
TI  - Intimal cushions in the lingual artery of neonates and children.
AB  - Focal musculo-elastic thickenings were identified in the intima. The distribution
      of these cushions may be related to haemodynamic stresses.

PMID- 3866521
TI  - Macrophage chemotaxis in experimental tooth movement in the rat.
AB  - Extracts from tissue surrounding teeth being moved contained chemotactic activity
      for peritoneal exudate cells (PEC). The tissue was homogenized, extracted and
      diafiltered using a 100,000 mol. wt cut-off filter. The filtrate contained
      statistically-significant chemotactic activity, whereas the retentate did not.
      Further fractionation of the filtrate using an isoelectric focusing column
      produced a filtrate fraction in the pH range between 5.0 and 6.8 which was
      chemotactically active. This sample was analysed for purity and mol. wt using
      sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide-gradient gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
      Gels of the active fraction stained with Coomassie blue showed two distinct bands
      with molecular weights of 69,000 and 60,000.

PMID- 3866523
TI  - Peroxidase activity in salivary glands and saliva of beige (Chediak-Higashi)
      mice.
AB  - Peroxidase activity was lower in the submandibular and parotid glands of beige
      mice than in controls. A lower level of activity was also observed in the
      isoproterenol-elicited saliva of beige mice.

PMID- 3866524
TI  - Midtrimester artificial abortion using 16, 16-dimethyl-trans-delta 2-PGE1 methyl
      ester (Preglandin), laminaria tents and continuous epidural anesthesia.

PMID- 3866525
TI  - Internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint. I. Clinical and
      radiological diagnosis.

PMID- 3866526
TI  - Clinical performance of three restorative materials for non-undercut cervical
      abrasion lesions.

PMID- 3866527
TI  - An interesting presentation of a complex-compound odontome.

PMID- 3866528
TI  - Tooth size in 47,XYY males: evidence for a direct effect of the Y chromosome on
      growth.

PMID- 3866529
TI  - Physiotherapy in the management of temporomandibular disorders.

PMID- 3866530
TI  - Dimensional change in mould space on setting of phosphate bonded investment.

PMID- 3866531
TI  - Dentinogenesis imperfecta. A new perspective.

PMID- 3866532
TI  - A longitudinal survey of removable partial dentures. III. Tissue reactions to
      various denture components.

PMID- 3866533
TI  - Diathermy burns in the mouth. Two case reports.

PMID- 3866534
TI  - Effect of varnishes and other surface treatments on water movement across the
      glass-ionomer cement surface.

PMID- 3866535
TI  - Sulindac hepatotoxicity: effects of acute and chronic exposure.
AB  - Sulindac (Clinoril), an anti-inflammatory drug increasingly used in Australia for
      the treatment of rheumatological conditions, is unpredictably associated with a
      cholestatic hepatitis. We present three cases of sulindac hepatitis. The first
      case exemplifies acute sulindac hepatitis, the second, continuously exposed to
      sulindac for 18 months, had chronic sulindac hepatotoxicity, and in the third
      case, the long-term histological outcome after cessation of sulindac is
      described. The clinical, biochemical, and histopathological characteristics are
      those of a cholestatic hepatitis which resolves on withdrawal of the drug. We
      report marked anisonucleosis with cytoplasmic invaginations into the nucleus and
      binuclearity of hepatocytes as additional histological features of sulindac
      hepatitis. There is no evidence that sulindac hepatitis progresses to
      irreversible structural liver damage, although nuclear changes may persist for up
      to two months after cessation of the drug. The clinical and biochemical features
      of all reported cases of sulindac hepatitis are summarised.

PMID- 3866536
TI  - Intermittent claudication: a double-blind crossover trial of pentoxifylline.
AB  - The influence of the xanthine derivative pentoxifylline ('Trental' or BL191;
      Hoechst-Roussel) on exercise tolerance was measured in 38 subjects with stable,
      severe to moderately severe, intermittent claudication who completed a
      randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled, cross-over clinical trial. Patients
      received placebo tablets or 400 mg slow-release pentoxifylline tablets ('Trental
      400') twice a day for one week, followed by three times daily for seven weeks,
      and then crossed over to receive the alternate preparation for another eight
      weeks. Claudication distance and walking distance were measured on a treadmill
      before starting treatment and again at four-week intervals during the trial. At
      the same times, red blood cell filterability, plasma fibrinogen concentration and
      blood viscosity, resting and post-ischemic calf muscle blood flow, and the
      resting and post-exercise ankle/brachial systolic pressure ratio were also
      measured. In this study, the observed effects of pentoxifylline treatment were no
      greater than those of placebo, even though serum levels of pentoxifylline and its
      hydroxy-metabolite were within the anticipated range. This was shown by a
      'therapeutic effect ratio' of 0.98 for treadmill claudication distance and 0.96
      for treadmill walking distance after within-patient analysis at the end of the
      cross-over (where a ratio of 1.0 means the test drug and placebo effects are
      identical). These ratios have 95% confidence limits of 0.72-1.34 and 0.74-1.25,
      respectively.

PMID- 3866537
TI  - The effect of cigarette smoking on gastric acid secretion and gastric mucosal
      blood flow in man.
AB  - Smoking leads to a higher incidence of peptic ulcer and delays healing of those
      ulcers. Possible mechanisms include increased gastric acid secretion, reduced
      gastric mucosal blood flow, and reduced duodenal bicarbonate production. In six
      subjects we determined the effect of one hour of cigarette smoking on gastric
      mucosal blood flow (14C-aminopyrine clearance), acid secretion (triple lumen
      perfused oro-gastric tube), and plasma levels of gastrin and pancreatic
      polypeptide. Smoking reduced acid secretion from a median of 433 (range 160-707)
      mumol/min to 166 (47-340) mumol/min (p less than 0.05) and blood flow from 66 (40
      70) ml/min to 36 (22-58) ml/min (p less than 0.05). There was no change in plasma
      gastrin and the small rise in pancreatic polypeptide would be insufficient to
      affect duodenal bicarbonate production. We conclude that cigarette smoking
      decreased gastric acid secretion and gastric mucosal blood flow. The increased
      incidence of gastric ulcers seen in smokers may be related to this reduction in
      gastric mucosal blood flow.

PMID- 3866538
TI  - Analysis of allergen-specific IgE responses in 341 allergic patients.
      Associations between allergens and between allergen groups and clinical
      diagnoses.
AB  - An allergic population of 341 patients was studied using 14 different allergen
      extracts in skin prick tests and radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) in an attempt
      to identify important allergen sources in the Sydney area and to examine
      relationships between these diagnostic methods and a number of clinical
      parameters. A computer based statistical analysis of the data revealed that: (a)
      male patients showed a significantly higher frequency of skin test reactivity to
      extracts of house dust and the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae; (b) the
      incidence of positive prick test reactions declined with age; (c) cross-reactive
      allergenic determinants were found in taxonomically-related extracts (e.g.
      between different house dust mites, pollens, and fungi); (d) a clear correlation
      emerged between relative potency using a histamine standard and RAST score which
      supports the continued use of histamine as a standard in skin prick testing; and
      (e) important associations between certain allergens and clinical diagnosis
      emerged (e.g. positive skin test reactions to house dust mites and epithelia but
      not pollens were associated with asthma).

PMID- 3866539
TI  - Large lungs after childhood asthma: a consequence of enlarged airspaces.
AB  - The long-term effects of asthma on lung volume were investigated in 18 asthmatic
      patients during periods of remission from airway obstruction; ten had developed
      asthma in childhood (before 8 years of age) and eight after the age of 18 years.
      Subjects whose asthma began in childhood had an increased total lung capacity
      (TLC) on average; adult-onset asthmatics had normal mean lung volumes.
      Exponential analysis of static pressure-volume curves in these subjects showed
      that the childhood-onset asthmatics had lungs of increased distensibility, while
      adult-onset asthmatics had lungs of normal distensibility. In a further ten
      adults selected for having had asthma in the past and an increased vital
      capacity, all had developed asthma in childhood, had lungs of increased
      distensibility and an increased TLC. Increased distensibility and an increased
      TLC were closely associated within individuals. The close relationship between
      distensibility and the size of peripheral air spaces demonstrated in mammalian
      lungs, suggests that asthma in childhood may increase TLC and distensibility
      because of an increase in the size of peripheral airspaces.

PMID- 3866540
TI  - Central nervous system echovirus infection in Bruton's X-linked
      hypogammaglobulinemia.
AB  - A patient with Bruton's X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia, who developed the typical
      syndrome associated with systemic echovirus 3 infection whilst on routine
      intramuscular gammaglobulin replacement therapy, is described. Following regular
      infusions of specific antibody-containing plasma from his spouse, he has shown
      sustained clinical improvement over a period of two years, and is, therefore, one
      of the very rare cases with this syndrome to survive for more than a few months.

PMID- 3866541
TI  - Cardiac tamponade following infarction: management with pericardiocentesis and
      surgery.
AB  - Four patients with cardiac tamponade following myocardial infarction are
      presented. Diagnostic clinical features and the role of echocardiography are
      discussed. Pericardiocentesis resulted in rapid improvement in clinical state but
      frequently tamponade recurred. Surgery was undertaken in three patients and two
      have survived long term. If promptly recognised, tamponade following myocardial
      infarction may be treated.

PMID- 3866542
TI  - A double-blind trial of intravenous naloxone for chronic biliary-type pain.

PMID- 3866543
TI  - The cytarabine syndrome in adults.

PMID- 3866544
TI  - Heparin-associated acute adrenal insufficiency.

PMID- 3866545
TI  - Aplastic anemia and acute leukemia: a possible relationship with sulindac
      therapy?

PMID- 3866546
TI  - Imipenem in the treatment of Legionella pneumonia.

PMID- 3866547
TI  - Aminoglycoside monitoring in neonates--a re-appraisal.

PMID- 3866549
TI  - The Thoracic Society of Australia. Annual scientific meeting. Brisbane, 18-20
      March 1985, Abstracts.

PMID- 3866548
TI  - A 70 year old man with portal hypertension.

PMID- 3866550
TI  - The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Annual scientific meeting.
      Sydney, 6-8 May 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 3866551
TI  - Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases. Annual scientific meeting.
      Healesville, Victoria, 27-29 March 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 3866552
TI  - Gastroenterological Society of Australia. Annual scientific meeting. Sydney, 18
      20 April 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 3866553
TI  - Australian and New Zealand Society of Nuclear Medicine. Annual scientific
      meeting. Manly, New South Wales, 6-8 May 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 3866554
TI  - From Hagar to Baby Cotton--surrogacy, '85.

PMID- 3866555
TI  - Fetal movements in hypertensive pregnancies.
AB  - The maternally perceived fetal movements counts of 273 hypertensive patients were
      compared to normal controls and their degree of fetal activity was related to
      perinatal outcome. Pregnancy induced hypertension was associated with fetal
      activity which was significantly lower than controls at the beginning of the
      third trimester and significantly higher at term. In cases of chronic
      hypertension patients, 8 had cessation or marked reduction of fetal movements to
      less than 4 in 12 hours, and all had poor fetal outcome. The remaining 265
      hypertensive patients had a 92% incidence of good fetal outcome. Markedly reduced
      fetal movements in hypertensive patients are highly suggestive of fetal distress
      and following verification by additional tests the appropriate clinical measures
      should be undertaken.

PMID- 3866556
TI  - Failed induction of labour.
AB  - Over a 15-month period 1,057 consecutive inductions of labour were performed
      representing a 10% induction rate; 174 (16.5%) of these patients were delivered
      by Caesarean section of which 74 (7.0%) were for failed induction of labour, 58
      (5.5%) for fetal distress, 19 (1.8%) for cephalopelvic disproportion, 6 for
      malposition and 17 for other reasons. The mean cervical score at induction of
      labour was 5.7 and 5.5 for cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) and malposition
      respectively but was 4.0 for failed induction. The mean cervical dilatation at
      the time of Caesarean section was 5.7 cm and 6.6 cm for CPD and malposition
      respectively whereas it was 3.5 cm for failed induction. Mean maximum dose of
      oxytocin was 19.2 milliunits per minute (mu/min) and 22.5 mu/min for CPD and
      malposition respectively whereas it was 24.7 mu/min for cases of failed
      induction. Nulliparas with a cervical score of 3 or less had a 65.4% Caesarean
      section rate of which more than two-thirds were for failed induction of labour.
      Analysis of indications for induction of labour revealed that a fair number of
      inductions had debatable obstetric indications. Tailoring induction of labour to
      the cervical score and indication might reduce the Caesarean section rate for
      failed induction of labour. Rational management to ensure an adequate dose of
      oxytocin and sufficient time in the first stage of labour is important. Failed
      induction of labour may be differentiated from failure of labour progress due to
      CPD or malposition.

PMID- 3866557
TI  - Thiamine deficiency--a neglected problem of infants and mothers--possible
      relationships to sudden infant death syndrome.
AB  - An unexpectedly high incidence of biochemical thiamine deficiency (erythrocyte
      transketolase) was found in groups of mothers and infants, selected for apparent
      health from a westernized Caucasian community in Australia. Deficiency was common
      in mothers at term but not their infants, and in apparently healthy older infants
      but not their mothers. These findings can be explained by preferential delivery
      of thiamine to the fetus, at the expense of the pregnant mother; after delivery
      the mother recovers, and the infant becomes depleted. The incidence of thiamine
      deficiency was high in 'near-miss' sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) infants
      and their mothers, and in siblings of SIDS. The thiamine deficient infants had a
      high familial incidence of SIDS deaths. These 'high risk families' might reflect
      poor nutrition or genetic defects of thiamine uptake and metabolism. Since
      apparently thriving infants with thiamine deficiency can sometimes die
      unexpectedly, thiamine status deserves more attention in clinical practice and
      research.

PMID- 3866558
TI  - Gynaecological tuberculosis: analysis of a personal series of 710 cases.
AB  - A study has been made of 710 patients with proved gynaecological tuberculosis
      investigated between January 1, 1951 and March 31, 1985. The main presenting
      symptoms in order of frequency were infertility, pelvic pain, excessive menstrual
      loss and amenorrhoea. The average age was 31 years at first attendance, only 16%
      of married women had been pregnant and palpable adnexal masses were found in 47%.
      Seven drug programmes have been used, the best results being obtained with the
      current regimen employing rifampicin, ethambutol and isoniazid. Where drug
      treatment failed, surgery under further drug cover was successfully employed.
      Toxic drug reactions occurred in 114 patients.

PMID- 3866559
TI  - The diagnosis, treatment and complications of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-
      experience at the Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, during the years 1972-1982.
AB  - During the 11 years 1972-1982, 770 patients with cervical intraepithelial
      neoplasia III (carcinoma in situ/severe dysplasia) were treated at The Royal
      Hospital for Women, Sydney. Of these, 592 had primary conization (Group I) and
      153 had colposcopically directed biopsy and diathermy (Group II). Carcinoma in
      situ was diagnosed in the remaining 25 following hysterectomy for other
      gynaecological indications. The recurrence rates were similar in the 2 groups,
      but the conization group had a complication rate of 9.6% while none of the
      patients in group II had any significant complications. The presenting symptoms,
      gravidity, cytology and histopathological diagnosis were similar in the 2 groups.
      The conization and subsequent hysterectomy rates have decreased over the years.
      However, 50% of patients are still treated in this institution by cone biopsy.
      More conservative treatment (biopsy and diathermy) is being performed in
      increasing numbers of younger patients.

PMID- 3866560
TI  - Surgery and radiotherapy in the treatment of primary carcinoma of the Fallopian
      tube--report of 18 cases.
AB  - Eighteen cases of primary Fallopian tube carcinoma referred to Christie Hospital,
      Manchester over the years 1966 to 1980 are reviewed. The overall 5-year survival
      rate was 14.4%. Treatment by total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo
      oophorectomy resulted in a longer survival compared to bilateral salpingo
      oophorectomy or removal of the tumour alone. Postoperative radiotherapy did not
      seem to improve survival.

PMID- 3866561
TI  - Chemosensitivity testing of ovarian cancer: results of a rapid in vitro
      biochemical assay.
AB  - There is a need for a predictive test which will assist in the selection of an
      effective cytotoxic drug and thereby, provide a means of avoiding unnecessary
      drug-induced toxicity and tumour resistance. In the present study, the viable
      fraction of the tumour cell suspension from ovarian cancer was used as targets
      for the effect of the drug, cisplatin, in a 3-hour in vitro assay. DNA synthesis
      was measured by the incorporation of 3H-thymidine as an index of proliferative
      activity and RNA synthesis by the incorporation of 3H-uridine as an index of
      protein metabolism. There was a good correlation between cell activity as
      determined by the uptake of thymidine and uridine. The degree of drug inhibition
      was variable over the spectrum of tumour histologic types; thymidine uptake was
      significantly inhibited by cisplatin in 53% of serous cystadenocarcinomas, and
      uridine uptake in 21% of tumours. A clear difference in drug effect was observed
      between those patients who showed clinical response and those who did not. These
      results support the value of this assay as an indicator of drug sensitivity of
      the tumour.

PMID- 3866562
TI  - Treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding with danazol.
AB  - Twenty-six women completed a 6-month course of treatment with danazol (at various
      dosages between 200 and 800 mg daily) for menorrhagia due to dysfunctional
      uterine bleeding. Objective measurements of menstrual blood loss (MBL) were
      undertaken in 9 women, while the remainder merely recorded a detailed prospective
      but subjective menstrual calendar. A very substantial decrease in blood loss was
      recorded by all women, and the majority of women on 400-800 mg daily developed
      amenorrhoea by 3 months. Six women experienced episodes of prolonged or frequent
      bleeding or spotting throughout the 6 months. Three women used 200 mg daily
      throughout with a mean measured MBL falling from 95.3 ml to less than 14 ml per
      month after 2 months therapy. This may become a valuable therapy for menorrhagia
      for women requiring temporary medical management. However, possibilities for long
      term therapy may be limited in some women by side-effects and metabolic effects.

PMID- 3866563
TI  - Rapid urinary LH assay for prediction of ovulation.
AB  - The results of the cervical mucus score (CMS), basal body temperature (BBT) and a
      rapid urine luteinizing hormone (LH) assay by haemagglutination immunoassay were
      compared with plasma LH radioimmunoassay in 28 ovulatory cycles. There was good
      correlation of the CMS peak with the plasma LH peak while the urine LH peak
      usually occurred one day later. The first day when the CMS was greater than or
      equal to 8 occurred within +/- 1 day of the plasma LH peak in 89.3% of cycles.
      The first day when the urine LH was greater than or equal to 100 iu/l occurred
      within +/- 1 day of the plasma LH peak in all the cycles. BBT nadir could be
      identified in only 82% of cycles and it coincided with the plasma LH peak in only
      28.6% of cases. These findings suggest that both the CMS and the rapid urine LH
      assay are acceptable methods for determining the time of ovulation while the BBT
      is not useful.

PMID- 3866564
TI  - Gall bladder disease complicating pregnancy.
AB  - Five cases of gall bladder disease complicating pregnancy are presented. The
      importance of antenatal cholecystosonography as a safe, simple, noninvasive
      diagnostic and screening test is stressed.

PMID- 3866565
TI  - Distinctions between panic disorder and generalised anxiety disorder: clinical
      presentation.
AB  - Thirty-eight panic disorder and 48 generalised anxiety disorder subjects were
      asked to complete a number of questionnaires aimed at developing a general
      clinical picture of the two disorders. The results indicated that panic disorder
      is characterised by a sudden onset around the mid- to late-20s age group and is
      distinguished by symptoms which are chiefly hyperventilatory in nature and are
      accompanied by thoughts of serious physical or mental illness. Generalised
      anxiety disorder is characterised by a gradual onset of symptoms. Somatic
      symptoms associated with this disorder are generally accompanied by a realisation
      that the symptoms are the result of anxiety and are harmless. The two groups did
      not appear to differ greatly on a number of other scales except that the
      generalised anxiety disorder subjects scored higher on measures of manifest
      anxiety and social phobia.

PMID- 3866566
TI  - The prevalence of schizophrenia in a refuge for homeless men.
AB  - The prevalence of schizophrenia in a large hostel for homeless men in an inner
      city area was found to be in the order of 15%. Concern is expressed that this
      figure represents a recent increase in the number of mentally ill among homeless
      men and may be related to changes in the management of chronic mental illness.
      Literature relating mental illness and homelessness is reviewed.

PMID- 3866567
TI  - Treatment outlines for the management of obsessive-compulsive disorders. The
      Quality Assurance Project.
AB  - The Quality Assurance Project is developing explicit and detailed treatment
      outlines for each of the major psychiatric disorders. Three sources of
      information are used: a meta-analysis of the treatment outcome literature, the
      opinions of a sample of practising psychiatrists, and the views of a panel of
      nominated experts. The recommendations for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive
      disorder were as follows: for those patients who have no significant personality
      disorder, either short-term dynamic psychotherapy or cognitive behaviour therapy
      is indicated if the illness has lasted less than a year or if obsessions are the
      predominant symptoms. When compulsions predominate, particularly when they have
      been present for more than a year, response prevention is the treatment of
      choice. Tricyclic antidepressants and cingulo-tractomy are also worthy of
      consideration in patients with persisting symptoms. Psychotherapy or cognitive
      behaviour therapy are the approaches recommended for compulsive personality
      disorder.

PMID- 3866568
TI  - The problem of multiple inference in psychiatric research.
AB  - This paper deals with the problem of multiple inference in psychiatric research,
      an issue which arises whenever a researcher has to make more than one statistical
      inference in a single research study. It frequently arises in psychiatric
      research because of multivariate study designs, with subjects being measured on
      more than one dependent variable with the intention of studying differences
      between groups in mean scores. The disadvantages of the commonly adopted strategy
      of using multiple univariate tests (e.g. multiple t-tests) are outlined. Two
      broad strategies--Bonferroni-adjusted univariate tests and multivariate
      statistical analysis--are introduced. Their advantages and disadvantages are
      discussed in terms of their usefulness in confirmatory and exploratory research
      in psychiatry.

PMID- 3866569
TI  - The traditional healer and psychiatry.
AB  - Successful psychiatric treatment for rural Africans should incorporate their
      traditional belief that illness should be viewed in terms of magical, social,
      physical and religious parameters. Traditional healers divide illness into those
      of natural causation and those of traditional cultural aetiology which are
      peculiar to African people. Natural illness includes epilepsy, familial/genetic
      disorders, mental retardation and schizophrenia. Traditional, cultural disorders
      often cause difficulties for Western-trained psychiatrists because sorcery,
      spirit possession and ancestral worship are central to their aetiology and
      treatment as practised by traditional healers. They, in a state of altered
      consciousness, use a process of divination to determine why and from whom the
      misfortune originated. With this in mind, reputable traditional healers were
      consulted in therapy-resistant cases of culture-bound syndromes in Africans.
      Their high rate of success in treating these cases was notable. More recognition
      should be given to the reputable traditional healers.

PMID- 3866570
TI  - Suicide in Hong Kong.
AB  - Coroners' statistics indicated there were 684 suicides for the whole of Hong Kong
      in 1981. This gave a crude suicide rate of 18.1 per 100,000 population aged 15
      years and over and constituted 2.7% of all deaths reported in that year. Only a
      few data were recorded in all coroners' files but additional data were obtained
      from police records on 168 of these suicides. The age and sex distribution among
      the suicides as well as the effect of marital and employment status on suicide
      rates were found to be similar to western countries. Jumping from a height was
      the most common method of suicide (47.2%) followed by hanging (30.8%).
      Psychiatric illness and chronic physical disability were two most important
      precipitating causes of suicide (39.8% and 35.7% respectively). Twenty per cent
      had a history of previous attempts with one-third occurring within six months of
      their completed suicide. Over 40% had communicated their suicide intention to
      others, while 19% left a note. 'Psychiatric' cases as a group had special
      features: there were more in the younger age groups, more with records of
      previous suicide attempts and more chose readily available methods.

PMID- 3866571
TI  - Community attitudes toward mental illness: the influence of contact and
      demographic variables.
AB  - Residents of three large rural cities were surveyed to investigate the influence
      of 'psychiatric exposure' and demographic variables on community attitudes toward
      mental illness. Samples drawn from the three communities, which differed
      according to the availability of mental health services, were administered the
      Opinions About Mental Illness Scale, with questionnaire items that elicited
      measures of the amount of contact with mental illness and standard demographic
      data. Multiple regression analyses showed that demographic but not 'exposure'
      variables had a significant influence on community attitudes. Contrary to
      previous findings, the older, less-educated members of the public were more
      positive in their opinions on mental health issues. Other variables to have an
      influence on attitudes were ethnic origin and occupational status.

PMID- 3866572
TI  - Preparedness to accept psychiatric referral.
AB  - A survey of 312 patients attending 13 Sydney general practices suggested that
      preparedness to accept psychiatric referral by a general practitioner related
      most clearly to preparedness to consult the general practitioner in the first
      instance and the perceived likelihood of the general practitioner suggesting a
      psychological problem, while the sociodemographic characteristics of the patient
      did not appear of relevance. Data on actual psychiatric referrals by the
      contributing general practitioners suggested a higher psychiatric referral by
      practices in lower social class regions of Sydney and a differential referral
      pattern, with referral to a community psychiatric facility being rare in other
      than low social class general practices.

PMID- 3866573
TI  - Therapist code of ethics.

PMID- 3866574
TI  - Wearing contact lenses in space shuttle operations.
AB  - More and more mission specialists are being trained to operate in the Space
      Shuttle and to eventually maintain a permanent station in space. Since up to 48%
      of the general population wears a visual correction of some sort, it is logical
      to assume that this percentage will also be found in the astronaut population.
      This paper proposes that the soft contact lens can be worn successfully in the
      space environment. The contact lens of choice is the continuous-wear soft contact
      lens which is proving to be quite successful for the general public. These lenses
      must be fitted at least 6 months before space flight in order to make sure they
      can be worn successfully.

PMID- 3866575
TI  - Genetics of Biomphalaria glabrata: linkage analysis of genes for pigmentation,
      enzymes, and resistance to Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - The snail, Biomphalaria glabrata, is a major intermediate host of the human blood
      fluke, Schistosoma mansoni, in the Americas. The inheritance and linkage
      relationships of a gene enabling adult snails to resist infection by a Puerto
      Rican strain of the parasite were analyzed using two laboratory stocks that
      differed in susceptibility, pigmentation, and five electrophoretically detectable
      enzyme markers. Segregation ratios in second-generation intraspecific hybrids
      between susceptible (M-stock) and resistant (10-R2-stock) snails indicate that
      the susceptibility gene is not linked to the enzyme (ACON-1, ACP, EST-2, PEP-2,
      PGD) or pigmentation loci studied. These seven loci assort independently of one
      another. Observed rates of infection among F1 and F2 progeny are consistent with
      Richards' finding that adult susceptibility to the PR-1 strain of S. mansoni is
      controlled by a single locus with resistance dominant. No association between
      allozymes of acid phosphatase and snail susceptibility to PR-1 was seen in the
      snail-parasite combinations studied.

PMID- 3866576
TI  - Inheritance of allozyme variants in bishop pine (Pinus muricuta D. Don).
AB  - Isozyme phenotypes are described for 45 structural loci and 1 modifier locus in
      bishop pine (Pinus muricata D. Don,) and segregation data are presented for a
      subset of 31 polymorphic loci from 19 enzyme systems. All polymorphic loci had
      alleles that segregated within single-locus Mendelian expectations, although one
      pair of alleles at each of three loci showed significant segregation distortion.
      The consistency of resolution and segregation at many loci in bishop pine makes
      electrophoretic analyses feasible for many purposes in this species.

PMID- 3866577
TI  - Continuous mixing experiments allow to determine the size of binding sites for
      anthracyclines complexed to DNA.
AB  - The size of binding sites of a ligand forming a complex with a polymer can be
      determined by continuous mixing experiments and measuring spectrophotometrically
      the various mixtures in the absorption band of the ligand or polymer. Only the
      total concentrations of both stock solutions and the molar extinction coefficient
      of the ligand or polymer have to be known. Here, this method is applied to DNA
      complexes with differently strongly interacting anthracyclines (adriamycin,
      daunomycin, beta-rhodomycin-I, iremycin). For all the anthracyclines studied a
      binding site of about three base pairs per ligand was found. Consideration of the
      self-association of the anthracyclines practically does not influence the results
      obtained.

PMID- 3866578
TI  - The cytosolic phorboid receptor correlates with hormone dependency in six mammary
      carcinoma cell lines.
AB  - Potent, structurally different tumor promoters inhibited growth of 6 human
      mammary carcinoma cell lines (ROOS et al, PNAS in press). This growth inhibition
      was investigated by measuring the phorboid receptor binding using [3H] PDBu (4
      beta-phorbol 12, 13 dibutyrate). Specific, high affinity receptors were found in
      all six cell lines. [3H] PDBu binding affinities were higher in the cytosolic
      fractions than in the corresponding intact cells (K alpha = app. 1nM vs K alpha =
      app. 15nM). The hormone-independent cell lines (BT-20, HBL-100 and MDA-MB-231)
      exhibited significantly higher levels of cytosolic [3H] PDBu receptors than the
      hormone-dependent cells (MCF-7, T-47-D and ZR-75-1). The subcellular distribution
      of the [3H] PDBu binding correlated well with the distribution of the protein
      kinase C activity (r = 0.95).

PMID- 3866579
TI  - Conversion of a high molecular weight latent beta-TGF from chicken embryo
      fibroblasts into a low molecular weight active beta-TGF under acidic conditions.
AB  - A latent beta-TGF activity is spontaneously released into serum-free culture
      medium by chicken embryo fibroblasts. Anchorage-independent growth activity
      measured on NRK-49F indicator cells, of this latent beta-TGF can be revealed by
      four different treatments: acidification, alkalinisation, exposure to urea, and
      heating to 100 degrees C for 3 minutes. This lact activating treatment indicates
      that latent beta-TGF activation in vitro is non-enzymatic. Active beta-TGF exists
      in a low molecular weight form 16 Kd (apparent) in 1M acetic acid, which elutes
      on reverse phase (FPLC) between 33-35% acetonitrile. Under neutral conditions
      only a high molecular weight form excluded on Biogel P60 is observed. This form
      is poorly active on NRK-49F for anchorage independent growth but can be fully
      activated by prior acidification. Rechromatography of the latent beta-TGF
      containing fractions under acidic conditions converts the high molecular weight
      form to an apparent 16 Kd active form. We suggest that the high molecular weight
      form may correspond to a complex of a beta-TGF associated with a carrier or
      binding protein.

PMID- 3866580
TI  - Secretion of phosphoproteins associated with neoplastic transformation and with
      the action of transforming growth factors.
AB  - Incubation of conditioned media derived from mammary epithelial cells and from
      fibroblasts with [gamma-32P]ATP revealed much higher intensities of labeled
      polypeptides in transformed cells compared to normal cells. Conditioned media
      from human mammary carcinoma cells have in common the presence of characteristic
      phosphoproteins with molecular masses of about 37,22 and 19.5 kDa. Ehrlich
      Ascites Mammary Carcinoma Cells secrete a dominant 32 kDa phosphoprotein. Normal
      fibroblasts secrete elevated levels of phosphoproteins after treatment with
      transforming growth factors. A phosphoprotein with molecular mass of about 37 kDa
      becomes secreted preferentially if cell-conditioned media were labeled in vivo.
      The results indicate that the phosphoproteins comprise a family of secretory
      polypeptides associated with early steps of transformation.

PMID- 3866581
TI  - Poloxalene 2930, a hydrophobic surfactant that prevents atherosclerosis, alters
      composition of rabbit lipoproteins.
AB  - Poloxalene 2930, a hydrophobic surfactant, was incorporated into an atherogenic
      diet at dose levels, 0.5% and 1% of the diet, and fed to rabbits for 10 weeks.
      Another group received plain atherogenic diet alone and a control group was fed
      chow. After this period, serum lipoproteins were separated by centrifugation and
      analyzed. The composition of lipoproteins from rabbits on atherogenic diet was
      abnormal. The cholesterol: triglyceride ratio of every lipoprotein fraction was
      significantly increased as was the cholesterol: protein ratio of very low density
      lipoproteins. Supplementing the diet with Poloxalene 2930 prevented these
      alterations. In all groups on the atherogenic diet the percentage of
      apolipoprotein E in VLDL and HDL increased. In the case of Poloxalene-treated
      rabbits this developed even though serum cholesterol levels were normal or
      slightly increased. It is concluded that Poloxalene 2930 has a systemic effect on
      lipoproteins which may contribute to its antiatherogenic action.

PMID- 3866582
TI  - Apolipoprotein E phenotypes in hyperlipidaemic patients and their implications
      for treatment.
AB  - Apolipoprotein E phenotypes were determined on 417 consecutive lipid clinic
      patients using an isoelectric focussing technique. Of the 15 patients with
      phenotype E2/2, 13 (3.1%) had type III hyperlipoproteinaemia and 2 obese
      identical twins had type V. A further 20 patients (4.8%) had similar plasma and
      lipoprotein lipid levels but were E2 heterozygotes (14 E3/2 and 6 E4/2). They
      displayed a widened pre-beta-band almost confluent with the beta-band rather than
      the broad beta-band shown in classical E2/2 type III patients. In view of the
      similarities between these heterozygotes and the classical homozygous (E2/2) type
      III patients and their occurrence in the same families we suggest the
      nomenclature homozygous and heterozygous type III. In a subsequent comparison
      between 30 E2/2, 22 E3/2 and 8 E4/2 type III individuals the only significant
      difference in plasma and lipoprotein lipid parameters was a lower VLDL
      cholesterol to triglyceride ratio of 0.85 in E3/2 patients than that of 1.24 in
      E2/2 patients (P less than 0.01). Both homozygous and heterozygous patients
      showed premature ischaemic heart disease and both responded dramatically and
      similarly to treatment with clofibrate. These observations indicate that apo E
      phenotyping is worthwhile in all patients with combined hyperlipidaemia and that
      homozygous and heterozygous type III hyperlipoproteinaemia is not uncommon.

PMID- 3866583
TI  - Lipid levels in high density lipoprotein subfractions in smokers with peripheral
      vascular disease.
AB  - No significant difference in HDL cholesterol was found between smokers with PVD
      and corresponding controls. The ratio of HDL cholesterol to the sum of (VLDL +
      LDL) cholesterol was reduced in patients with PVD. Patients with PVD had
      significantly highly serum triglyceride levels. A slightly significant difference
      could be demonstrated for serum cholesterol and serum phospholipids
      concentrations in smoking patients with PVD.

PMID- 3866584
TI  - Skin cancer in Puerto Rico.

PMID- 3866585
TI  - Intensive surveillance of pregnancy-related deaths, Puerto Rico, 1978-1979.

PMID- 3866586
TI  - Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals, what for?

PMID- 3866587
TI  - C.T. diagnosis: cortical adrenal adenoma (aldosteronoma).

PMID- 3866588
TI  - Screening of children with high familial risk of arteriosclerosis.
AB  - Serum total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), very
      low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and total triglyceride levels were
      determined in children with high risk arteriosclerotic family history.
      Significantly higher TC and lower HDL-C levels were found in children whose
      parents' first arteriosclerotic sign had appeared before 40 years of age. There
      were no similar significant alterations observed in children whose parents' first
      arteriosclerotic symptom appeared after the forties. Screening therefore seems to
      be necessary in the offsprings of patients if the first sign of arteriosclerosis
      has been detected before 40 years of age.

PMID- 3866589
TI  - Marking dentures.

PMID- 3866590
TI  - Nystan pastilles.

PMID- 3866592
TI  - Anterior open bite.

PMID- 3866591
TI  - 'Optical hazards of blue light curing units'.

PMID- 3866594
TI  - Chewing efficiency in relation to occlusal and other variations in the natural
      human dentition.

PMID- 3866593
TI  - Mercury allergy as a cause of burning mouth.

PMID- 3866595
TI  - Dental anxiety: a multifactorial aetiology.

PMID- 3866596
TI  - Forensic odontology: educating for the future.

PMID- 3866597
TI  - Letter from California-- quality assurance.

PMID- 3866598
TI  - The WHO Three-Centre Study: a good first step.

PMID- 3866599
TI  - Conversation with Kettil Bruun.

PMID- 3866600
TI  - The organisational politics of alcohol control policy.

PMID- 3866601
TI  - The development of community-based treatment systems: an Ontario perspective.

PMID- 3866602
TI  - Nicotine, cigarette smoking, and body weight.

PMID- 3866603
TI  - An integrated value-expectancy theory of alcohol and other drug use.

PMID- 3866604
TI  - The development of alcohol consumption in the Netherlands: 1958-1981.

PMID- 3866605
TI  - Self-reported alcohol consumption and adverse consequences of drinking in three
      areas of Britain: general population studies.

PMID- 3866606
TI  - Tar and nicotine yields of U.K. cigarettes 1972-1983: sales-weighted estimates
      from non-industry sources.

PMID- 3866607
TI  - The processes of referral and disposal within a London drug dependence clinic.

PMID- 3866608
TI  - Characterization of a tyrosine sulfotransferase in rat brain using
      cholecystokinin derivatives as acceptors.
AB  - An apparently novel tyrosyl sulfotransferase activity was detected in a crude
      microsomal fraction from rat cerebral cortex by using 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'
      phospho[35S]sulfate [( 35S]PAPS) as the sulfate donor and various cholecystokinin
      (CCK) fragments or derivatives as acceptors. Among the latter, the shortest
      substrate was tert-butoxycarbonylaspartyltyrosine (Boc-Asp-Tyr), but the reaction
      was optimized by increasing the length of the peptide sequence on the C-terminal
      side up to tert-butoxycarbonylcholecystokinin octapeptide (Boc-CCK-8) as well as
      by the presence of acidic amino acid residues at the N-terminal side. Peptides
      with an N-terminal Tyr residue (e.g., CCK-7 or enkephalins) were not sulfated.
      With Boc-CCK-8 the optimum pH was 5.8, and apparent KM values were 0.14 +/- 0.02
      mM for the peptide (0.5 microM PAPS) and 0.12 +/- 0.01 microM for PAPS (0.25 mM
      Boc-CCK-8). In the presence of 0.2 mM MnCl2 the Vmax of the reaction was enhanced
      without change of apparent affinities of the two substrates. The possible role of
      this sulfotransferase activity in posttranslational modification of CCK and other
      secretory proteins is suggested.

PMID- 3866609
TI  - Location and dynamics of anthracyclines bound to unilamellar phosphatidylcholine
      vesicles.
AB  - We have exploited the intrinsic fluorescence properties of the anthracycline
      antitumor antibiotics to study the dependence on drug structure of relative drug
      location and dynamics when the anthracyclines were bound to sonicated
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)
      vesicles at 27.5 degrees C. Iodide quenching experiments at constant ionic
      strength were used to evaluate the relative accessibilities of the bound
      fluorophores to membrane-impermeable iodide. Iodide was found to quench the
      fluorescence of anthracyclines in free solution by both static and dynamic
      mechanisms, whereas quenching of membrane-bound fluorophores was predominantly
      due to the dynamic mechanism. Modified Stern-Volmer plots of anthracyclines bound
      to fluid-phase DMPC bilayers were linear, and the biomolecular rate constant (kq)
      values ranged from 0.6 X 10(9) to 1.3 X 10(9) M-1 s-1. Modified Stern-Volmer
      plots of anthracyclines bound to solid-phase DPPC bilayers were curved,
      indicative of a heterogeneous-bound drug population. A strong correlation between
      drug hydrophobicity and penetration of the fluorophore into the bilayer was
      observed for the daunosamine-containing anthracyclines. Steady-state fluorescence
      anisotropy measurements under iodide quenching conditions were used to
      investigate the diffusive motions of anthracyclines in isotropic solvent and in
      fluid-phase DMPC bilayers. Anthracycline derivatives free in solution exhibited
      limiting anisotropy (alpha infinity) values which decayed to zero at times long
      compared to the excited-state lifetime, in contrast to anthracyclines bound to
      fluid-phase DMPC bilayers, which showed nonzero alpha infinity values. Steady
      state anisotropies of membrane-bound anthracyclines were found to be governed
      principally by alpha infinity and not by the mean rotational rate (R).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3866610
TI  - Ia-associated invariant chain is fatty acylated before addition of sialic acid.
AB  - The murine invariant chain (Ii) was found to incorporate radioactive palmitic
      acid. This binding of fatty acid inhibits the formation of interchain S-S bonds,
      probably because the cysteine residue in the transmembrane region of the Ii chain
      is palmitylated. The inhibition of fatty acylation by cerulenin blocks further
      posttranslational maturation of the invariant chain as shown by two-dimensional
      gel electrophoresis of Ii immunoprecipitates. In particular, the addition of
      sialic acid residues is blocked. Thus, it appears that fatty acylation is
      essential for carbohydrate processing of the Ii chain.

PMID- 3866611
TI  - Application of synthetic oligonucleotides to the diagnosis of human genetic
      diseases.
AB  - Under appropriate conditions synthetic oligonucleotide hybridization probes
      display essentially absolute hybridization specificity. That is, every nucleotide
      must form a Watson-Crick base pair in order that the probe forms a stable duplex.
      All of the non-Watson-Crick base pairs, including G-T, have a destabilizing
      effect. Thus, it is possible to choose stringent conditions of hybridization such
      that, while a perfectly matched duplex between an oligonucleotide and
      complementary DNA will form, duplexes mismatched at one or more position will
      not. Mutations in a single base in the DNA sequence of a gene can and do result
      in genetic diseases. The hybridization of oligonucleotides to the region of DNA
      containing these base changes would be affected by the mutations and thus,
      oligonucleotide hybridization provides a means of detecting single base changes.
      In an attempt to develop a non-radioactive method for the detection of human
      genetic diseases, we have prepared biotinylated-oligonucleotides by an enzymatic
      method. An oligonucleotide probe (23-mer) containing a single biotinylated
      deoxyuridine residue at the 3'-terminus was prepared by a primer extention
      reaction using E. coli DNA polymerase I (Klenow fragment). The probe could be
      specifically and tightly bound with Avidin D in 1 M NaCl. It could be hybridized
      to a plasmid DNA containing a perfectly matched complementary sequence, but not
      to a DNA containing 5 non-consecutive non-complementary bases. The hybridized
      biotinylated probe could be visualized by Avidin D and biotinylated alkaline
      phosphatase, even when 1.8 ng of the plasmid DNA (0.5 fmol) was used. A general
      approach to the enzymatic synthesis of oligonucleotides containing a single
      biotinylated deoxyuridine at the 3' end is described.

PMID- 3866612
TI  - Hepatic metabolism of orally administered prostaglandin F2 alpha in suckling and
      weanling rats.
AB  - Suckling (12- to 14-day-old) and weanling (30-day-old) rats were sacrificed 2 h
      after oral administration of 3H-labeled prostaglandin F2 alpha. Although
      radioactivity recovered from the stomach and small intestine (including contents)
      was slightly higher in sucklings (28.3 +/- 3.7%; n = 10) than in weanling rats
      (21.3 +/- 5.3%; n = 7), the liver of sucklings contained significantly higher
      amounts of counts (11.0 +/- 1.1 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.5%). Combined column and thin-layer
      chromatography of liver extracts showed more authentic prostaglandin F2 alpha in
      sucklings (11.0 +/- 0.5% of the liver counts) than in weanlings (7.0 +/- 1.1%).
      The liver of suckling rats contained a higher percentage of more polar
      metabolites (43.3 +/- 1.6 vs. 34.3 +/- 3.0%). These studies demonstrate
      differences in processing of oral prostaglandin F2 alpha in the early postnatal
      period.

PMID- 3866613
TI  - [The facial artery and its branches in the guinea pig].

PMID- 3866614
TI  - [Clinical study of odontogenic myxofibroma--report of 2 cases and literature
      review].

PMID- 3866615
TI  - [Evaluation of various caries activity tests for high risk caries screening].

PMID- 3866616
TI  - Studies on isolated rat hepatocytes (8)--the effects of various drugs on oxygen
      uptake.

PMID- 3866617
TI  - [Analysis of symptom patterns and prescriptions for Kanppo medicine using
      mathematical logic].

PMID- 3866618
TI  - [Trial testing of the auto-refractometer NIDEK AR-3000 for mass examination of
      children and kindergarten, primary, junior high, and high school students].

PMID- 3866619
TI  - [Mechanisms that maintain genetic variability within a population].

PMID- 3866620
TI  - [Use of a plasterless articulator (MK type) in orthognathic surgery--especially
      in the correction of mandibular prognathism].

PMID- 3866621
TI  - [Three cases of cementoma].

PMID- 3866622
TI  - [A case of epidermoid cyst of the jaw].

PMID- 3866623
TI  - [2 skeletal Class III cases treated by orthodontic and surgical-orthodontic
      procedures].

PMID- 3866624
TI  - [Properties of dust-free type alginate impression materials].

PMID- 3866625
TI  - [A methodological study on the analysis of x-ray images from the electron
      microprobe x-ray analyzer (2). Compositional zoning of human salivary calculus by
      computer-aided micro-analyzer (CMA)].

PMID- 3866626
TI  - [Effect of eugenol vapor on the storage of various composite resins--consistency
      of composite resins].

PMID- 3866627
TI  - [Electrocardiography performed for preoperative evaluation on patients at the
      Department of Oral Surgery, Josai Dental University Hospital].

PMID- 3866628
TI  - Pathogenic mechanism of retinopathy of prematurity: a controversial explanation
      for the efficacy of oral and intramuscular vitamin E supplementation and
      cryotherapy.

PMID- 3866629
TI  - Academic occupational health and environmental medicine: current directions.

PMID- 3866630
TI  - The role of epidemiological surveys in planning dental services: are they a
      useful tool?

PMID- 3866631
TI  - Oral functional needs and its consequences for dentulous older people.

PMID- 3866632
TI  - The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in 696 nine-year-old New
      Zealand children participating in a health and development study.

PMID- 3866634
TI  - Accentuate the positive and eliminate the negative.

PMID- 3866633
TI  - WHO report on prevention of oral diseases.

PMID- 3866635
TI  - Entrepreneurs or entreprofiteers?

PMID- 3866636
TI  - Effect of O2 on vesicle formation, acetylene reduction, and O2-uptake kinetics in
      Frankia sp. HFPCcI3 isolated from Casuarina cunninghamiana.
AB  - The effect of the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) on the formation of vesicles,
      which are thought to be the site of N2 fixation in Frankia, was studied in
      HFPCcI3, an effective isolate from Casuarina cunninghamiana. Unlike other
      actinorhizal root nodules, vesicles are not produced by the endophyte in
      Casuarina nodules. However, in culture under aerobic conditions, large, phase
      bright vesicles are formed in HFPCcI3 within 20 h following removal of NH+4 from
      the culture medium and reach peak numbers within 72 to 96 h. In vivo acetylene
      reduction activity parallels vesicle formation. Optimum rates of acetylene
      reduction in short-term assays occurred at 20% O2 (0.2 atm (1 atm = 101.325 kPa]
      in the gas phase. O2 uptake (respiration) determined polarographically showed
      diffusion-limited kinetics and remained unsaturated by O2 until 300 microM O2. In
      contrast, respiration in NH+4-grown cells was saturated by O2 between 8 and 10
      microM O2. These results indicate the presence of a diffusion barrier associated
      with the vesicles. Vesicle development was repressed in cells incubated in N-free
      media sparged with gas mixtures with PO2 between 0.001 and 0.003 atm. Nitrogenase
      was induced under these conditions, but acetylene reduction was extremely O2
      sensitive. The kinetics of O2 uptake as a function of dissolved O2 concentration
      in avesicular cells were similar to those in NH+4-grown cells indicating the lack
      of a diffusion barrier. These results demonstrate that vesicle formation and the
      development of the O2 protection mechanisms of nitrogenase are regulated by
      ambient PO2 in HFPCcI3.

PMID- 3866637
TI  - In vitro study of the comparative behaviour of a human acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia cell line and a reference normal cell line towards the effects of a
      mitogenic lectin.
AB  - An in vitro study of the behaviour of a human acute lymphoblastoid leukemia cell
      line (REH) towards the action of a mitogenic lectin of Robinia pseudoacacia was
      carried out. The results were compared with those a reference cell line (LHN13)
      established from normal human lymphocytes. In both cell lines, the lectin induces
      agglutination (measured by counting the number of aggregates as well as the
      number of cells in each aggregate) and decrease of growth (measured by counting
      the number of cells and the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into TCA
      precipitable material per 10(6) cells). The agglutination and the decrease of
      growth are produced at the doses of 0.5 and 1 microgram/ml of culture medium and
      after 4 h of exposure of cells to the lectin, respectively. These effects
      increase progressively with higher doses of lectin and continues throughout the
      culture. However, the REH line is less sensitive than the LHN13 line to the
      effects of lectin. Both agglutination and growth decrease of REH as well as LHN13
      cell lines by the lectin are reversible; this is confirmed by the fact that the
      monospecific anti-Robinia lectin serum suppresses these effects.

PMID- 3866638
TI  - The current state of sealant research.

PMID- 3866639
TI  - Preventive oral medicine for the geriatric patient: focus on soft tissue.

PMID- 3866640
TI  - Uses of fluoride in dentistry.

PMID- 3866641
TI  - Working with the pediatrician for optimum fluoride results.

PMID- 3866642
TI  - [Association of the HLA antigen system and diabetes mellitus type I in
      childhood].

PMID- 3866643
TI  - A method for the pharmacokinetic analysis of serum cefotiam levels during
      cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.

PMID- 3866644
TI  - [Endocular filariasis apropos of a case of filaria Loa loa in the anterior
      chamber].

PMID- 3866645
TI  - Monosodium urate crystal-induced prostaglandin synthesis in the rat subcutaneous
      air pouch.
AB  - Monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation was studied in an air pouch model
      of rat synovium. Phagocytosis of crystals by macrophage-like and fibroblast-like
      cells in the pouch lining was observed 30 minutes after crystal injection and
      preceded polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation. Levels of the prostaglandins
      PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, measured in serial pouch washouts, showed a clear
      temporal dissociation with leucocyte numbers, with peak levels of the prostanoids
      occurring before the maximum accumulation of leucocytes. Indomethacin abrogated
      prostaglandin synthesis completely without reducing leucocyte counts in pouch
      washouts. We propose that the pouch lining cells may be the primary source of the
      prostaglandins and these mediators do not have a significant role in leucocyte
      chemotaxis in this model.

PMID- 3866646
TI  - Decreased natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity per effector cell in acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CYT) was determined using whole blood samples
      from 32 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 12 with
      AIDS-related complexes (ARC) and correlated with the number of putative natural
      killer cells (NK) bearing surface marker Leu 11a. Mean percent cytotoxicity
      (%CYT) was significantly lower in AIDS and ARC patients compared to that of
      normal controls. Mean %NK cells in AIDS patients was significantly higher than in
      normals, while %NK cells in ARC patients did not differ significantly from that
      of normals. In contrast, the absolute number of NK (NNK) cells in AIDS patients
      did not differ significantly from that of normals, while the NNK cells in ARC
      patients was significantly lower than those in normals. When the data were
      expressed in kinetic lytic units per NK cell (KLU/NK = maximum number of K562
      cells killed per NK cell in 4 hours), significantly lower KLU/NK were observed in
      both AIDS and ARC patients compared to that in normals. Our data show that NK
      cells in AIDS and ARC patients are in a less active state compared to those in
      normals.

PMID- 3866647
TI  - Effect of a preventive program based on professional toothcleaning and fluoride
      application on caries and gingivitis.
AB  - The effect of a preventive program was studied in 12-14-yr-old children. 104
      children (test group) participated in this program. After four visits in the
      first 6 wk, the children visited the oral hygienist five times a year to receive
      professional oral prophylactic treatment and instructions. Additionally a
      fluoride application (Duraphat) was given two times a year. Children of a control
      group (n = 117) received no prophylactic treatment. Diet was not controlled in
      either test or control group. After 2 yr mean caries increment amounted to 2.7 +/
      2.8 new DFS in the test group and 5.0 +/- 4.2 new DFS in the control group,
      respectively. The most pronounced differences between the two groups could be
      found on the proximal surfaces. In all, caries was reduced by 46% during the 2-yr
      period. Plaque accumulation and frequency of gingivitis were significantly
      reduced only in the test group (67% and 55%, resp.). The data revealed that the
      program reduced both caries and gingivitis to a remarkable extent.

PMID- 3866648
TI  - Dental attendance and dental status.
AB  - This article examines the relationship between differences in dental attendance
      patterns and variations in dental status. A sample of 336 dentate men and 110
      dentate women were selected at random from employees of two industrial plants in
      N.W. England in 1980. They were given a dental examination and asked about visits
      to the dentist. Regression analysis showed that while the more frequent the
      dental visits, the lower the rate of tooth loss and the fewer the number of teeth
      with active decay, the higher, however, the average number of fillings. There
      were significant differences, moreover, between manual and non-manual workers,
      the former being more likely to lose their teeth and the latter to have their
      teeth filled, at each given age and frequency of dental visit. Though the more
      frequent dental attenders had the advantage over the less frequent of having, on
      average, a higher number of functioning teeth, restored or otherwise sound, they
      also had the disadvantage of having higher levels of treated disease and thus of
      disease experience. The results suggest that while frequent dental visits help to
      postpone tooth loss and to maintain dental function, they do not apparently help
      to prevent the onset of further disease.

PMID- 3866649
TI  - Prevalence of dental caries, patterns of sugar consumption and oral hygiene
      practices in infancy in S. Africa.
AB  - Dental caries is one of the most prevalent diseases of man and is the major cause
      of tooth mortality in the young. Although the precise aetiology of the disease is
      unknown, scientific evidence incriminates the interaction of three factors, viz.
      diet, plaque and the tooth. Several studies demonstrate a positive correlation
      between patterns of sugar consumption and caries experience. In contrast other
      studies showed no such association. This study investigated the frequency of
      sugar consumption habits, the mother's knowledge of oral hygiene as well as the
      oral hygiene methods she applies to her child and the prevalence of dental caries
      in infants between 1-2 yr of age. A representative sample of 100 mothers and
      infants from 10 child health clinics were interviewed. The results show that:
      mothers have a limited knowledge about oral hygiene and oral hygiene practices;
      infant sugar consumption habits seem to be influenced by the mother's sugar
      consumption habits; infants are introduced to sucrose containing food and drinks
      at the time of the eruption of the first tooth; the mean dmft(t) value in this
      group of infants was 2.37.

PMID- 3866650
TI  - Influence of repression upon the measurement of dental anxiety.
AB  - Using a non-linear, multivariate analysis, the resistance against admitting to
      being dentally anxious was studied. Dental anxiety was found to be repressed by a
      subgroup, among them more men than women, of a sample, who also repressed the
      feeling of low self esteem about tooth loss. Based on the results, regular and
      irregular dental attenders can be separated almost perfectly. The relationship
      with other anxiety measurements, i.e. Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale and three
      components discernible in Weiner's Anticipation Anxiety Level Chart, was studied.

PMID- 3866651
TI  - Dental caries and gingivitis in second grade schoolchildren in The Hague over the
      period 1969-1981.
AB  - In 1969, 1972, 1975 and 1978 dental examinations were carried out in the City of
      The Hague on cohorts of about 800 children from kindergartens and elementary
      schools in order to test a (dental) health education program. Since 1980/1981
      weekly fluoride mouthrinses have been done in kindergartens and elementary
      schools in areas with lower SES. In 1981, a baseline dental examination for a
      follow-up study was carried out on about 500 second grade schoolchildren from
      areas of low and medium SES. In this baseline examination in 1981 a considerable
      improvement in dental health was found compared with the earlier cohort
      examinations, especially in medium SES groups. The average D3MFS value in 1981
      was 1.53 and 0.92 for second grade children of the low and medium social level
      respectively; the average d3fs values were 5.83 and 3.42. Over the 12-yr period
      (1969-1981) a respective D3MFS reduction of 57.6 and 76.2% was found for low and
      medium SES. The percentage d3fs reduction for the primary dentition was 55.3 and
      72.9%, respectively. In 1978 and 1981 the percentage of children without
      gingivitis was 26.8 and 31.9%. The difference in the number of gingivitis-free
      children between 1978 and 1981 seemed to be due to an increase in the number of
      children without gingivitis in the medium SES groups. A greater use of fluoride
      tablets was found in low and medium socioeconomic levels between 1972 and 1975,
      followed by a decrease in the period between 1975 and 1978 and another increase
      by 1981 compared with 1978.

PMID- 3866652
TI  - Periodontal status and total tooth extraction in a medium-sized city in the
      Netherlands.
AB  - A combined sociodental research project was started in the city of Groningen in
      1982 aimed at gaining insight into the reasons for total tooth extraction.
      Patients showing up for total tooth extraction during 1982 participated in this
      study by filling out a questionnaire concerning the underlying reasons for their
      decision to have all their teeth extracted. The dentists in this city were asked
      to collect all the extracted teeth and to fill out a short questionnaire for each
      patient about the reason (diagnosis) for the total tooth extraction. The
      periodontal status of the extracted teeth was established afterwards by measuring
      the percentage of the loss of attachment (L.A.). It appeared that most surfaces
      in the molar region and the front teeth in the mandible were affected by
      periodontal disease. Advanced generalized periodontal disease was established in
      17% of the patients, accounting for 64% of all teeth with an L.A. measurement of
      greater than 50%. Periodontal disease could not be identified as the main
      clinical condition requiring tooth extraction: even in the group of 55 yr of age
      and older advanced periodontal disease was found in only one third of the
      extracted teeth. Finally, the contribution of regular dental attendance to
      periodontal health is discussed.

PMID- 3866653
TI  - Epidemiologic oral health survey of Argentine children.
AB  - An epidemiologic oral health survey of 2279 children aged 7-8 and 12-13 was
      carried out in eight different regions of Argentina using methods and criteria
      recommended by the WHO. The children examined lived in rural or urban areas and
      were of Caucasian or Amerindian extraction. Periodontal status showed that 75% of
      this population had soft deposits, while calculus and gingivitis increased with
      age. Calculus: 0.4 at 7 yr to 16.1 at 13; gingivitis: 2.7% at 7 yr to 27.2% at
      13. At age 8, the mean number of dmf per child was 3.9. The percentage of caries
      free children with permanent dentition dropped from 60% at age 7 to 32% at age
      13. In Amerindian children, all these parameters were higher. Both the mean dmf
      and DMF per child were substantially lower in natural fluoride areas than in non
      fluoride areas. Data from this first nationwide epidemiologic study in this
      country provide baseline data for further investigations. According to the data
      obtained in this study, Argentine regions may be classified as high, medium or
      low risk areas, although a lack of adequate dental care was found in all regions.
      With these risk priorities as a guideline, we propose an initial strategy
      consisting of a carefully planned and selective program of primary dental health
      care.

PMID- 3866654
TI  - Age-specific and age-standardised incidence rates for intraoral squamous cell
      carcinoma in blacks on the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
AB  - All new cases of intraoral squamous cell carcinoma which occurred in Blacks
      resident on the Witwatersrand during the 10-yr period 1971-80 were traced by
      examining the records of all the hospital pathology departments in this area. The
      population at risk at the mid-point of the study (1975) was calculated from the
      National Population Censuses of 1970 and 1980, and consisted of 1125960 men and
      880269 women. Age-specific incidence rates and age-standardised incidence rates
      were calculated for each intraoral site for men and women. In the latter
      calculation a standard World population was used. All rates are expressed as
      average number of cases per 100000 population per annum. The age-specific
      incidence rates and age-standardised incidence rates (in brackets) for men and
      women respectively are: tongue, 1.43 and 0.26 (2.69 and 0.41); gingiva and
      alveolar ridge, 0.04 and 0.01 (0.07 and 0.01); floor of mouth, 0.87 and 0.22
      (1.64 and 0.38); buccal mucosa, 0.05 and 0.04 (0.13 and 0.05); hard and soft
      palate, 0.34 and 0.05 (0.63 and 0.08). There appears to have been an increase in
      the incidence of intraoral cancer in Black South Africans since the first survey
      in 1953-55, which can probably be ascribed to the urbanization process. In
      Europe, North America and in other population groups in South Africa, the palate
      is least frequently affected. In contrast, in Black South Africans lesions of the
      palate are much more common, being less frequent only than tongue and floor of
      mouth lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3866655
TI  - Malignant transformation rate in oral submucous fibrosis over a 17-year period.
AB  - Sixty-six patients with oral submucous fibrosis were followed-up for a period of
      17 yr (median observation 10 yr) in Ernakulam District, Kerala, India. Oral
      cancer developed in five (7.6%) patients. The malignant transformation rate in
      the same sample was 4.5% over a 15-yr observation period (median 8 yr). These
      findings impart a high degree of malignant potential to this condition.

PMID- 3866656
TI  - Infectious oral necrosis.

PMID- 3866657
TI  - Fluoride iontophoresis as an aid in the diagnosis and treatment of reversible
      pulpitis: a case study.

PMID- 3866658
TI  - Evaluation of TMJ radiographs taken with the Anatomic X-ray Aligner (AXA-2).

PMID- 3866660
TI  - Third-party coverage and ethical implications in dentistry.

PMID- 3866659
TI  - Intentional replantation: an alternative.

PMID- 3866661
TI  - [Our method of intramucosal septo-rhinoplasty].

PMID- 3866662
TI  - [Papillary cystadenoma of the salivary glands].

PMID- 3866663
TI  - [A critical look at complications of the individual methods of treatment of
      fractures of the lower jaw].

PMID- 3866664
TI  - [Chemotherapy strategy for carcinoma of the head and neck].

PMID- 3866665
TI  - [Postoperative inflammatory complications in patients with malignant diseases of
      the oral cavity, jaws and neck].

PMID- 3866666
TI  - [Perforation of the submucosal cleft palate].

PMID- 3866667
TI  - [Primary reconstruction of the nose in clefts].

PMID- 3866668
TI  - [Clinical and therapeutic experience of osteoradionecrosis of the facial bones:
      report of 59 cases].

PMID- 3866669
TI  - [Study of a specific rosette test of lymphocytes in patients with recurrent
      aphthae ulcer].

PMID- 3866670
TI  - [Spectrum analysis of the fluorescence of a hematoporphyrin derivative in the
      diagnosis of experimental oral cancer and precancer].

PMID- 3866671
TI  - [Relation between dental fluorosis and other fluorosis and their biochemical
      manifestations].

PMID- 3866672
TI  - [Immediate reconstruction of postoperative defects in carcinoma of the cheek with
      a free flap: report of 16 cases].

PMID- 3866673
TI  - [One stage surgical correction of true ankylosis of the TMJ complicated by severe
      respiratory disturbances].

PMID- 3866674
TI  - [Treatment of hand-foot-mouth disease with integrated traditional and western
      medicine: report of 475 cases].

PMID- 3866675
TI  - [Application of bonding in the restoration of the anterior teeth].

PMID- 3866676
TI  - [Clinical significance of the position of the apical foramen of the anterior
      teeth].

PMID- 3866677
TI  - [Calcium and magnesium content of mixed saliva and their clinical significance:
      report of 473 cases].

PMID- 3866678
TI  - [Treatment of intermaxillary contracture with a cervical subcutaneous pedicle
      flap].

PMID- 3866679
TI  - [Surgical anatomy and position of tumors in the parotid region].

PMID- 3866680
TI  - [Restoration of tooth loss in the aged using a removable partial denture with an
      occlusion pad: analysis of 50 cases].

PMID- 3866681
TI  - [Immunopathologic study and the treatment of oral sarcoidosis with integrated
      traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine].

PMID- 3866682
TI  - [Survey of oral leukoplakia in those addicted to betelnuts on the Hainan Island].

PMID- 3866683
TI  - [Chemosensitivity assay in acute leukemia].

PMID- 3866684
TI  - [Influence of chemotherapy on the pathology, complications and cause of death in
      patients with acute leukemia--analysis of 60 cases].

PMID- 3866685
TI  - Pefloxacin-aminophylline interaction.

PMID- 3866686
TI  - [Busulfan and eye complications].

PMID- 3866687
TI  - A linear wear test for ranking certain dental restorative amalgams and two alloys
      used for crown and fixed prosthodontics.

PMID- 3866689
TI  - Three-rooted mandibular first molar.

PMID- 3866688
TI  - A study of the lysosomal activity of human gingiva during pregnancy.

PMID- 3866690
TI  - Ulcer formation and cytoprotection by acetazolamide.
AB  - Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, was administered orally and
      subcutaneously to rats. Acetazolamide increased the gastric ulcerogenicity of
      indomethacin, but inhibited gastric ulcers produced by acidified aspirin. When
      administered alone to fasted rats, it did not produce gastric ulcers.
      Acetazolamide was also cytoprotective for the stomach (it reduced dose
      dependently the number of gastric necrotic lesions caused by absolute ethanol
      given orally) and for the small intestine (it prevented dose dependently
      intestinal lesions produced by administration of a high dose of indomethacin).
      Acetazolamide did not prevent the antiulcer effect of PGE2 (against aspirin
      induced ulcers) nor the cytoprotective effect of 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 (against
      ethanol-induced gastric lesions). The degree of gastric cytoprotection increased
      with time after a single administration of acetazolamide; the optimal effect
      occurred 60 and 90 min after oral and subcutaneous administration, respectively.
      Pretreatment with indomethacin completely prevented the cytoprotective effect of
      acetazolamide; this suggests that the cytoprotective effect may be mediated by
      endogenous release of prostaglandins by the stomach. All the effects of
      acetazolamide reported here were observed after either oral or subcutaneous
      administration. The mechanism by which acetazolamide influences ulcer formation
      and is cytoprotective is unknown.

PMID- 3866691
TI  - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) inhibit prostaglandin E2-induced
      intestinal fluid and electrolyte secretion in the rat jejunum in vivo.
AB  - NPY, a recently discovered peptide consisting of 36 amino acids, is present in
      intrinsic intestinal nerves and in extrinsic noradrenergic nerves innervating
      intestinal blood vessels. We have investigated the influence of NPY and of the
      structurally related peptide YY (PYY) on the effect of PGE2-induced fluid and
      electrolyte secretion in the tied-off rat jejunum in vivo. Close intraarterial
      infusion of PGE2 (4.5-450 pmol X min-1) dose dependently reversed the net
      absorption of fluid, sodium and chloride into net secretion (P less than 0.01 for
      all three parameters). Additional i.a. infusion of NPY significantly inhibited
      the effect of PGE2 (45 pmol X min-1) on fluid transport at infusion rates of 0.4
      and 4.0 pmol X min-1 (P less than 0.01). Infusion of 0.04 pmol X min-1 NPY was
      without effect. PGE2-induced sodium and chloride secretion were also
      significantly reduced by NPY at an infusion rate of 0.4 but not of 0.04 pmol X
      min-1. NPY alone was without any effect on fluid or electrolyte absorption in the
      controls. PYY, which is present in endocrine cells but not in nerves in the gut,
      was without effect at 0.4 pmol X min-1 and slightly but significantly reduced
      PGE2-induced fluid secretion at 4.0 pmol X min-1. It is concluded that NPY is a
      potent inhibitory factor in the neuronal control of intestinal fluid and
      electrolyte transport.

PMID- 3866692
TI  - Transforming growth factors (TGFs) produced by R-XC cells.
AB  - Chemical fractionation as a first step of purification of TGFs from R-XC cells
      and culture medium was described. Physicochemical treatment indicated that the
      crude preparation of RGF's contains a heat and acid stable and dithiothreitol and
      trypsin sensitive polypeptides related with the alpha and/or beta TGFs. The
      influence of partially purified TGFs on REF cell colony formation in soft agar
      was documented.

PMID- 3866693
TI  - Response to gonadotropic stimulation of cultured rat luteal cells isolated from
      corpora lutea of early pregnancy. Cytochemical and biochemical studies.
AB  - The hormonal activity of corpora lutea isolated from pregnant rat was examined on
      1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 15, and 20th day of pregnancy. The cells were grown as a
      monolayers up to 6 days at 37 degrees C in Medium 199 supplemented with 10% calf
      serum. The concentrations of progesterone and estrogens were measured using
      appropriate radioimmunoassays [1, 7] respectively. Luteal cells were cultured
      with the addition of the following amounts of hormones: 100 ng LH, 10 i.u. HCG,
      100 ng PRL and 150 ng estradiol 17 beta. Cytochemical and histochemical
      observation of the activity of delta 5, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
      (delta 5, 3 beta-HSD) were also carried out. The addition of LH and HCG to
      culture medium of cells collected on day 1 and 2 of pregnancy caused increased
      histochemical reaction for delta 5, 3 beta-HSD and progesterone secretion. It was
      only on day 3 of pregnancy that the influence of PRL was observed. On day 4
      corpus luteum cells began to respond to exogenous estradiol. On day 5 the
      sensitivity of corpus luteum to exogenous hormones disappeared but the intensive
      hormonal activity of the corpus luteum marked by the high level of progesterone,
      was maintained.

PMID- 3866695
TI  - Dental assisting as a work role.

PMID- 3866694
TI  - Radiation protection for dental professionals.

PMID- 3866696
TI  - [Transparency and translucency of dental ceramics].

PMID- 3866697
TI  - [Accurate-fitting inlay production. From preparation to polishing].

PMID- 3866698
TI  - [Shrink-free dental ceramics with built-in expansion properties].

PMID- 3866699
TI  - [Association of electrochemical procedures in the dental technical laboratory].

PMID- 3866700
TI  - [Functional orthodontics from the viewpoint of the dental specialist and the
      dental technician].

PMID- 3866701
TI  - [Crystalline phases in ceramic veneers].

PMID- 3866702
TI  - How to increase your fees without losing patients.

PMID- 3866703
TI  - Year-end planning for the successful dental practice.

PMID- 3866704
TI  - Solo dentists: ways to combat isolation.

PMID- 3866705
TI  - Goodwill: what's it really worth?

PMID- 3866706
TI  - Hiring for harmony and top productivity.

PMID- 3866707
TI  - Drugs in dentistry. Muscle relaxants.

PMID- 3866708
TI  - More ways to land new accounts for your lab.

PMID- 3866709
TI  - Survival strategies for the small dental lab.

PMID- 3866711
TI  - [Why is a tooth crowned? Dental restorative possibilities today].

PMID- 3866710
TI  - Product audit guarantees quality.

PMID- 3866712
TI  - [International patent protection: always of interest to the dental industry].

PMID- 3866713
TI  - [Non-precious alloys for crowns and bridges. A situation analysis].

PMID- 3866714
TI  - A pilot study into factors affecting the efficacy of two different plaque control
      programmes in relation to reduction in plaque and gingivitis levels in young
      adults.

PMID- 3866716
TI  - Think about your pension!

PMID- 3866715
TI  - Addiction, nutrition and health.

PMID- 3866717
TI  - Investigation of loading applied to a dental laboratory vibrator during use.

PMID- 3866718
TI  - Running a dental laboratory. Part twelve: how am I doing?

PMID- 3866719
TI  - Ontogeny of 'macrophage' function. V. Differential effect of prostaglandin E2 on
      the activation of newborn and adult mouse macrophages.
AB  - Our previous papers indicate that peritoneal exudate macrophages (PM) of newborn
      mice are strongly suppressive for the tumor cell growth in comparison with those
      of adult mice. Neither newborn PM nor adult PM are cytolytic, but they both can
      be activated to be cytolytic by being cultured overnight either with a high
      concentration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or with a low concentration
      of LPS plus lymphokine. This paper shows that the activation of adult PM was
      inhibited by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) added simultaneously with LPS, though that
      of newborn PM was not affected by PGE2. Adult PM, however, acquired the
      resistance to PGE2 by the preculture with LPS and/or lymphokine for 4 hr so as to
      be activated by LPS in the presence of PGE2. These results indicate that newborn
      PM are more activated than adult PM to a state which adult PM attain after
      moderate activation with LPS or lymphokine.

PMID- 3866720
TI  - PGE2 gel for enhancement of priming and induction of labour at term in patients
      with unfavorable cervix.
AB  - Fifty women (25 nulliparae and 25 multiparae) with unfavorable cervix at term
      were enrolled in a clinical experiment to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the
      intracervical application of 0.5 mg PGE2 gel for cervical softening and eventual
      induction of labour; duration of pregnancy (38-42 wk) was confirmed by ultrasonic
      records. Global analysis revealed 48 (96%) vaginal deliveries, 43 (86%) being
      spontaneous labour and 5 (10%) instrumentally assisted deliveries (forceps).
      Caesarean section was required in 2 cases (4%). Three patients, having registered
      no Bishop score (above 5) progress after the first treatment, went into labour
      upon the second application of PGE2 gel. Mean induction-delivery time was 11 h 50
      min for nulliparae and 7 h 50 min for multiparae. Mean ROM/amniotomy-delivery
      time was 5 h 59 min for nulliparae and 3 h 11 min for multiparae. Four neonates
      with initial Apgar scores below 7 registered immediately higher values after
      adequate reanimation manouvres.

PMID- 3866721
TI  - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of immunological variants of the blast
      crisis in myelocytic leukemia].

PMID- 3866722
TI  - [Growth characteristics of colony-forming units of fibroblasts (CFU-F) in human
      monolayer cultures of bone marrow in various forms of hematologic diseases].

PMID- 3866723
TI  - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of the ambulatory treatment of chronic leukemia
      patients and a determination of their work capacity].

PMID- 3866724
TI  - [Characteristics of the ambulatory treatment and vocational rehabilitation of
      chronic leukemia patients].

PMID- 3866725
TI  - Effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha and indomethacin on the contractile activity of
      different compartments of the complex stomach.
AB  - In vitro experiments have shown that PGF2 alpha or indomethacin produces
      different effects on muscle strips isolated from different compartments of sheep
      complex stomach. PGF2 alpha (10(-6) - 10(-5) M) increases the tone of the ruminal
      preparations and exerts a negligible effect on the reticulum and omasum strips.
      Indomethacin (5 X 10(-6) M) inhibits the mechanical activity of the rumen and
      omasum and has no effect on that of the reticulum. More pronounced are the
      effects on the different parts of the abomasum: PGF2 alpha (10(-9) - 10(-6) M)
      markedly increases the tone of the proximal abomasum and decreased the amplitude
      and the phasic contractions of the antral abomasum; indomethacin (5 X 10(-6) M)
      inhibits the tone and the phasic contractions of the middle abomasum. PGF2 alpha
      (10(-9) - 10(-6) M) inhibits while indomethacin (5 X 10(-6) M) stimulates the
      contractile activity of the antral abomasum.

PMID- 3866726
TI  - [Loss and stabilization of aminopterin resistance in murine cell lines].
AB  - Mouse L-cell lines (B-82, tk-) were obtained using the stepwise selection method,
      their aminopterin (AP) resistance being 10(3)-5 X 10(4) times higher than that of
      parental cells. This resistance increase results from dihydrofolate reductase
      (DHFR) gene amplification which was determined from the 15-120-fold rise of the
      enzyme activity and with the cytogenetical techniques. The development and loss
      of AP resistance have been studied and karyological analysis of the lines
      obtained carried out. Two types of karyological changes were found in stable DM
      and HSR cells which correspond to extrachromosomal and intrachromosomal forms of
      the amplified material organization. Localization of the DHFR gene in HSR was
      proved using the in situ hybridization technique. Extrachromosomal localization
      of the amplified genes in DM providing unstable AP resistance is dominant at the
      early stages of the development of resistance and for a long time. It was
      demonstrated that DM and HSR can exist in one cell during the prolonged period.
      DHFR gene copy number in such cells is regulated by a change in the DM number,
      whereas the HSR size and localization are highly stable. HSR covers 1.7-1.9% of
      the genome length and 38-40% of the marker chromosome length. The genes localized
      in HSR provide stable AP resistance. Evidence on some intermediate, relative
      stabilization of the resistance has been obtained. This stabilization is mediated
      by temporary integration of DHFR copies into other chromosomal sites, in addition
      to HSR.

PMID- 3866727
TI  - [Therapeutic leukapheresis in chronic granulocytic leukemia and term twin
      pregnancy].

PMID- 3866728
TI  - [Computerized analysis of jaw movements in function and dysfunction].

PMID- 3866729
TI  - [Orofacial dyskinesias--a cause for the development of temporomandibular joint
      sounds. Development and pathology of reciprocal crackle of the temporomandibular
      joint].

PMID- 3866730
TI  - [Oral perception and movement].

PMID- 3866731
TI  - [Orienting instrument for 3-dimensional measurement of dental models].

PMID- 3866732
TI  - [The Mollin technic].

PMID- 3866733
TI  - [Force distribution of loops using various loop heights and wire qualities].

PMID- 3866734
TI  - [Late results following extraction of the 1st upper premolars of the closed
      bite].

PMID- 3866735
TI  - [Severe eye injuries caused by wearing headgear].

PMID- 3866736
TI  - [Focal infection and focal diagnosis from the viewpoint of thermoregulation].

PMID- 3866737
TI  - [Bacterial and viral infections of the oral cavity].

PMID- 3866738
TI  - [Odontogenic infections in the oral cavity].

PMID- 3866739
TI  - [Real possibilities in surgical dental preservation].

PMID- 3866740
TI  - The clinical significance of serum CA 19-9 in patients with gastric and
      colorectal carcinoma and immunohistochemical visualization of CA 19-9 in tumor
      tissues.

PMID- 3866741
TI  - Tobacco habits other than smoking; betel-quid and areca-nut chewing; and some
      related nitrosamines. IARC Working Group. Lyon, 23-30 October 1984.

PMID- 3866742
TI  - 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-4-(3-pyridyl)butanal (NNA).

PMID- 3866743
TI  - N'-Nitrosoanabasine (NAB).

PMID- 3866744
TI  - N'-Nitrosoanatabine (NAT).

PMID- 3866745
TI  - N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN).

PMID- 3866746
TI  - Some N-nitrosamines derived from areca-nut alkaloids.

PMID- 3866747
TI  - Inhibition of NK cell-induced cytolysis by thiocarbamide antithyroid drugs.
AB  - The thiocarbamide antithyroid drugs, methimazole and propylthiouracil, suppressed
      natural killer (NK) cell-induced cytolysis in vitro (determined by the release of
      51Cr-chromate from labelled target cells) in a dose-dependent manner. Parallel
      experiments demonstrated a similar reduction in NK cell luminol chemiluminescence
      during activation by K562 tumour cells. It would appear, therefore, that an
      association may exist between NK cell-induced cytolysis and the
      peroxidase/oxygenase activity of these lymphocytes.

PMID- 3866748
TI  - Beryllium: laboratory evidence.
AB  - Beryllium-containing compounds have been studied extensively and have been known
      to be carcinogenic in animals since 1946. Beryllium salts and alloys were among
      the first nonradioactive, inorganic substances shown to induce osteogenic sarcoma
      in experimental animals. Beryllium-containing compounds have been demonstrated to
      be powerful pulmonary carcinogens in rats. To date, these compounds do not appear
      to be mutagenic, leaving open the question of their mechanism of action.

PMID- 3866749
TI  - 11C-labeling of indolealkylamine alkaloids and the comparative study of their
      tissue distributions.
AB  - Five indolealkylamines (N,N-dimethyltryptamine, N-methyltryptamine, bufotenine, O
      methylbufotenine, N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine iodide) were labeled with 11C by use
      of 11CH3I. The labeled compounds were synthesized with a radiochemical yield of 2
      50% (based on trapped 11CH3I) in 20-35 min with radiochemical purities of more
      than 92%. The tissue distributions of these labeled compounds were investigated
      in rats. In all cases, the accumulations in the liver, lung and small intestine
      were high. [11C]DMT and [11C]OMB also accumulated to a large extent in the brain,
      where their accumulation was retained. Brain uptake of three other
      radiopharmaceuticals was low. [11C]DMT is the radiopharmaceutical of choice for
      the study of the serotonin action mechanism in the brain, because it has the
      highest radiochemical yield and the highest brain uptake of these 11C-labeled
      compounds.

PMID- 3866750
TI  - The bulimia workshop: a unique integration of group treatment approaches.

PMID- 3866751
TI  - Are maternal fertility problems related to childhood leukaemia?
AB  - An explorative case-control study was conducted in The Netherlands. The cases
      were obtained from a complete nationwide register of childhood leukaemia (1973
      1980). Controls were matched with the cases for year of birth, sex and place of
      residence. Information about exposures of the mother to potential risk factors in
      the year before pregnancy and during pregnancy was collected via mailed
      questionnaires. The analyses concerned data on 519 patients with acute
      lymphocytic leukaemia and 507 controls. An association between maternal
      subfertility and childhood leukaemia might be suggested by several findings. A
      history of two or more miscarriages (OR 1.6; 95% Cl 1.0-2.7) and fertility
      problems (OR 6.0; 95% Cl 0.9-38.2) were more frequently reported among mothers of
      cases. The use of oral contraceptives (OC) was significantly higher (OR 1.3; 95%
      Cl 1.0-1.8) and the duration between discontinuation of OC and the relevant
      pregnancy was significantly longer. The OR for threatened abortion during the
      relevant pregnancy was 1.6 (95% Cl 1.0-2.6) and the related use of 'drugs to
      maintain pregnancy' was 1.9; 95% Cl 1.0-3.5. Among known risk factors, an
      increased OR for diagnostic irradiation was confirmed (OR 2.2; 95% Cl 1.2-3.8).
      No association between childhood leukaemia and prenatal viral infections, smoking
      and alcohol was found.

PMID- 3866752
TI  - Iron(III)-nitrilotriacetate: an agent for reducing the time interval of tumor
      imaging with gallium citrate.
AB  - Increasing interest in the short-lived radionuclide 68Ga (t1/2: 68.2 min) has
      revived basic studies of gallium radiopharmaceuticals. Ga-citrate (Ga-cit),
      described as a polynuclear complex, possesses great affinity for tumor cells but
      is also bound by blood transferrin (Tf). Exploitation of reaction-rate
      differences in metal ion transference from Ga-cit to Tf (slow) and Fe
      nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) to Tf (fast) is put to use to attain a proper
      tumor/tissue ratio within practical time limits. Studies on administration mode,
      time and dose offered promising results for future 68Ga-cit tomographic studies.

PMID- 3866753
TI  - Cephalometric evaluation of skeletal mandibular prognathism.

PMID- 3866754
TI  - BioBloc treatment.

PMID- 3866755
TI  - Phase-I trial of 4-demethoxydaunorubicin in acute leukaemias.
AB  - Eleven patients with heavily pretreated acute leukaemia were treated with 4
      demethoxydaunorubicin. Dosages were escalated from 7 mg/m2/d to 15 mg/m2/d for 3
      consecutive days. One patient achieved a partial remission and antitumor activity
      was seen in most other patients. Stomatitis was dose-limiting at 15 mg/m2. Phase
      II trials are warranted and we propose a schedule of 12 mg/m2/d for 3 consecutive
      days.

PMID- 3866756
TI  - A phase II trial of aclacinomycin-A in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the
      head and neck.
AB  - Sixteen patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were
      entered into a phase II trial of Aclacinomycin-A (ACM), 100 mg/M2 administered by
      brief infusion every three weeks. All patients had received prior radiation
      therapy and prior non-anthracycline containing chemotherapy. No clinically
      significant disease regression was observed in fourteen patients having adequate
      trials. The major toxicity was myelosuppression; leukopenia occurred in 93% of
      patients. Gastro-intestinal toxicity was mild and included two patients with
      transient liver function test abnormalities. No antitumor activity was observed
      in this patient population which was heavily pre-treated and had a median
      Karnofsky performance status of only 60%. The results of other phase II trials of
      ACM-A have been similarly disappointing suggesting that it is not a clinically
      useful agent in the treatment of solid tumors.

PMID- 3866757
TI  - Intellectual function in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia.
AB  - 21 off-therapy ALL patients treated with chemotherapy plus cranial irradiation
      were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and compared
      with a group of 15 off-therapy solid tumor children treated with chemotherapy and
      extracranial irradiation. Children with leukemia achieved lower IQ scores than
      children with solid tumors. The ALL group was divided in two subgroups, by onset
      of disease and beginning of treatment: before (13 subjects) and after (8
      subjects) 5 years of age. The results indicate that the disturbance of
      intellectual functioning is produced in ALL children irradiated after 5 years of
      age. In order to check on a possible delayed intellectual deterioration, all ALL
      children were also tested twice, with one year interval between the two tests. On
      the second assessment the scores for each subject were essentially the same as
      before. Further studies on a large number of long term survivors are being
      carried out in order to find out whether the deficit is transient or permanent.

PMID- 3866758
TI  - Hereditary motor neuropathy, distal type: electrophysiological and pathological
      studies of a case.
AB  - A case of HMN, distal type transmitted as autosomal dominant is described.
      Clinical findings appear to be consistent with a peroneal muscular atrophy,
      indistinguishable from HMSN types I and II. The electrophysiological data reveal
      a pathological involvement of the anterior horns, whereas sensory and motor
      conduction are normal. A muscle biopsy showed neurogenic atrophy, while the
      morphology of the sural nerve was normal.

PMID- 3866759
TI  - [Cefotetan in the treatment of sinusitis--a kinetic study].
AB  - Recent clinical experience shows that in treating sinusitis by tetracyclines more
      and more cases appear which are resistant to therapy. Cephalosporins are suitable
      as alternative medical treatment because of their good bactericidal effect. The
      pharmacokinetic qualities of Cefotetan, a new cephamycin-antibiotic, in plasma
      and sinus mucosa were examined in treating 13 patients. After an intravenous
      bolus-injection of 2 g Cefotetan the mean initial plasma concentration was 275
      mg/l. After 1, 2 and 6 hours the plasma levels were 160, 96 and 39 mg/l. The
      average concentration in sinus mucosa reached 42.3 mg/l, 30.9 mg/l, 29.4 mg/l and
      33.6 mg/l after 10, 60, 120 and 180 minutes. The pharmacokinetic properties of
      Cefotetan promise successful clinical application in the treatment of bacterial
      sinusitis.

PMID- 3866760
TI  - Assay of prostaglandins in the epithelial cells and fibroblasts of the rat
      mammary gland.

PMID- 3866762
TI  - Modified Herbst appliance for the mixed dentition.

PMID- 3866761
TI  - 1985 JCO orthodontic practice study. Part 1. Trends.

PMID- 3866763
TI  - Stability of upper incisors after surgical exposure and orthodontics.

PMID- 3866764
TI  - "What is happening to my malpractice insurance?" The CDA Benefit Plan Board of
      Directors.

PMID- 3866765
TI  - Professional liability insurance--the hidden costs of the claims-made form.

PMID- 3866766
TI  - Incidence and prevalence of periodontal diseases.

PMID- 3866767
TI  - A gravimetric technique for measurement of denture hygiene.

PMID- 3866768
TI  - Errors in mounting maxillary casts using face-bow records as a result of an
      anatomical variation.

PMID- 3866769
TI  - An investigation of the stress factor in the mandibular dysfunction syndrome.

PMID- 3866770
TI  - The effect of miconazole on palatal candidosis induced in the Wistar rat.

PMID- 3866771
TI  - A laboratory study to investigate the differentiation of pulp vitality in human
      teeth by temperature measurement.

PMID- 3866772
TI  - Ethnic variations in sagittal condylar guidance angles.

PMID- 3866774
TI  - Porosity in composite resins--an Achilles' heel?

PMID- 3866773
TI  - A laboratory for teaching oral-surgical technique.

PMID- 3866775
TI  - An approach to the preclinical teaching of removable partial-denture technique.

PMID- 3866776
TI  - The chronology of dentinal defects related to medical findings in
      hypoparathyroidism.

PMID- 3866777
TI  - A study of salivary hydrogen ion concentration in patients with denture
      stomatitis.

PMID- 3866778
TI  - Faculty mobility in academic dentistry.

PMID- 3866779
TI  - Female dentists. A factor in determining the available future dental work force.

PMID- 3866780
TI  - [Effect of experimental occlusal splints on the mandibular rest position and the
      EMG of the masticatory muscles].

PMID- 3866781
TI  - [Representation of interocclusal record materials in dentate patients].

PMID- 3866782
TI  - [Calcification in the initial stages following pulpotomy with calcium hydroxide].

PMID- 3866783
TI  - [The effect of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on the in vitro development of mouse embryos
      during neurulation].

PMID- 3866784
TI  - [Secretion of acid mucopolysaccharide from the thymus into the thymic vein].

PMID- 3866785
TI  - [The effect of oxidation-reduction potential and hydrogen-ion concentration on
      the colonization of oral trichomonads].

PMID- 3866786
TI  - [Effect of tolperisone-HCl on the chewing patterns in rats].

PMID- 3866787
TI  - [Effect of percutaneous application of low-frequency cycle waves on the
      encephalogram when applied through the mastoid process].

PMID- 3866788
TI  - [Marginal leakage of composite resin restorations with cavity lining agents-
      cases of cervical wedge-shaped defects].

PMID- 3866789
TI  - [Clinical application of occlusal sounds. 1. Occlusal sounds of normal
      occlusion].

PMID- 3866790
TI  - [Clinical application of occlusal sounds. 2. Occlusal sounds of experimental
      crowns].

PMID- 3866791
TI  - [Frequency distribution of periodontal surgery in a periodontal clinic during the
      past 9 years].

PMID- 3866792
TI  - [Ectopic permanent tooth germ located between the lower primary 2d molar and the
      unerupted permanent 1st molar].

PMID- 3866793
TI  - [Bone regeneration after flap surgery--a report of 4 cases].

PMID- 3866794
TI  - [Case reports of fixed-removable partial dentures in patients with missing
      anterior teeth due to traffic accidents].

PMID- 3866795
TI  - [Application of instant color photographs in the clinical practice of
      prosthodontics].

PMID- 3866796
TI  - Centrally-induced vasodepressor responses to diltiazem, a calcium channel
      blocker, in rats.
AB  - The effects of a calcium channel blocker, diltiazem, on central cardiovascular
      regulation were investigated by injecting it intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.)
      in urethane-anaesthetized rats. The blood pressure decreased immediately after
      the injection returning to baseline level 20-30 min later. Both heart rate and
      abdominal sympathetic nerve activity decreased correspondingly. Diltiazem
      injected intravenously (i.v.) decreased both blood pressure and heart rate
      without affecting sympathetic nerve firing. Although the central pressor
      responses to carbachol and prostaglandin E2 were not affected by i.c.v.
      pretreatment with diltiazem, diltiazem attenuated the pressor responses to
      angiotensin II. Furthermore, electrical lesioning of the anteroventral third
      ventricle (AV3V) area significantly attenuated the depressor responses to
      diltiazem injected i.c.v. These results suggest that diltiazem injected i.c.v.
      affects the central nervous system to decrease sympathetic outflow, and thereby
      to attenuate the central vasopressor effects of angiotensin II in the brain AV3V
      area.

PMID- 3866797
TI  - Effects of inactivated streptococci (OK-432) on macrophage functions in mice.
AB  - The effects of inactivated streptococci (OK-432) on murine macrophage functions
      were investigated. In vivo treatment of peritoneal macrophages with OK-432
      augmented the direct cytotoxic activity against TU5 tumor cells in a 48 h
      tritiated thymidine release assay. OK-432 also stimulated the rapid (6 h, 51Cr
      release) macrophage-mediated killing of Actinomycin D-sensitized WEHI 164 sarcoma
      cells. Moreover, the expression of la antigens on peritoneal macrophages was
      found to be greatly enhanced after in vivo treatment with OK-432. The
      immunomodulatory effects of OK-432 on macrophages functions may contribute to the
      antitumor activity of inactivated streptococci.

PMID- 3866798
TI  - Prolymphocytic leukaemia.

PMID- 3866799
TI  - The combined effect of interferon-beta and cytostatic drugs on human tumor cell
      lines in vitro.
AB  - Three human tumor cell lines (one osteosarcoma and two neuroblastoma lines) were
      assessed for combined interferon-beta (IFN-beta)/chemotherapeutic drug antigrowth
      effect under in vitro conditions. Two different methods to measure this effect
      were used: colony formation in soft agar and counting of cells growing as
      monolayers. The cells were incubated with a chemotherapeutic drug (adriamycin,
      dacarbazine, actinomycin D, cis-platinum, methotrexate, VP-16-213, or
      vincristine) at relevant concentrations for 1 h, washed twice, and incubated with
      IFN-beta in concentrations ranging from 100 to 1000 IU for continuous exposure.
      All combinations resulted in an additive or synergistic combination effect with
      one exception: methotrexate/IFN-beta in the monolayer method after 1 week, a
      combination which was additive after 3 weeks however. The combinations VP-16
      213/IFN-beta and cis-platinum/IFN-beta produced the most pronounced synergistic
      effects. A statistical evaluation of the null hypothesis for additivity was done.
      These results provide a rationale for designing clinical studies combining IFN
      beta with current chemotherapeutic drugs.

PMID- 3866800
TI  - Changes in binding of alpha interferon IFN-alpha A to HL-60 cells during myeloid
      differentiation.
AB  - The differentiation of human leukemic HL-60 cells from their predominantly
      promyelocyte form to a neutrophil-like state can be induced by the addition of
      dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or retinoic acid (RA) to the growth medium. The binding
      of human recombinant interferon IFN-alpha A to the undifferentiated and
      differentiated HL-60 cells was investigated. Within 2 days after the addition of
      DMSO or retinoic acid to growing HL-60 cells, the binding of IFN-alpha A to
      treated cells increases significantly relative to its binding to untreated cells.
      The difference in binding of IFN-alpha A between the treated and untreated cells
      continues to increase for at least 3 days. Analysis of binding curves of IFN
      alpha A to neutrophil-like and promyelocytic HL-60 cells leads to the conclusion
      that the increased binding of [125I]IFN-alpha A to neutrophil-like cells is
      primarily the result of an increase in the number of binding sites on these
      cells.

PMID- 3866801
TI  - [Analysis of CA 125 assay system and its diagnostic significance in gynecologic
      tumors].
AB  - CA125 antigen levels were measured in patients with ovarian cancer (54 cases) by
      the RIA method using a monoclonal antibody OC125 and were examined as a marker
      for ovarian cancer. The upper normal limit of CA125 of 35 U/ml was derived from
      the mean value (15.7 U/ml)+2SD (9.3 U/ml) of CA125 in healthy controls. The mean
      value for CA125 in patients with ovarian cancer (1160 +/- 1850 U/ml) was
      statistically (p less than 0.001) higher than those of healthy controls, benign
      ovarian tumors (28 +/- 20 U/ml) and cervical cancers (226 +/- 526 U/ml). Elevated
      CA125 levels were also found in the early pregnant stage and endometriosis, but
      these cases showed not so high CA125 values as those of ovarian cancers. In
      addition, CA125 levels were not clearly affected by the menstrual cycle. Among
      ovarian malignancies, the elevated CA125 values were specifically demonstrated in
      serous cystadenocarcinoma (positivity 89%) and markedly low in mucinous
      cystadenocarcinoma (positivity 16%). No positive correlation of CA125 values with
      the clinical stage (FIGO) were found in any ovarian cancer patients. The rise and
      fall of CA125 levels corresponded closely with progression and regression of
      cancer patients with positive CA125 levels. In conclusion, serum CA125
      determinations may be useful in patients with ovarian cancer (except for mucinous
      type) for diagnosis and for monitoring the results of the treatment.

PMID- 3866802
TI  - [Histological studies on the effect of a retraction appliance on miniature pigs].

PMID- 3866803
TI  - [Cathexis incident to malocclusion--comparison between female college students
      and adult women].

PMID- 3866804
TI  - [Morphological changes in the mandibular symphysis during orthodontic treatment
      using mainly lower horizontal elastics].

PMID- 3866805
TI  - [Stress distribution in the mandible under a high-pull chincap with posterior
      bite block].

PMID- 3866806
TI  - [The reliability of Moire topography for facial measurement].

PMID- 3866807
TI  - [Soft tissue changes related to orthognathic surgery of mandibular prognathism
      using Moire topography].

PMID- 3866808
TI  - [Morphological compensatory mechanisms in the craniofacial complex of adult
      mandibular prognathism. 1. Inclination of the mandibular incisors].

PMID- 3866809
TI  - [The relation between tooth and jaw size--cases of congenitally missing upper
      lateral incisors and of conical upper lateral incisors].

PMID- 3866810
TI  - [Improvement of the soft-tissue profile accompanying orthodontic treatment of
      mandibular prognathism].

PMID- 3866811
TI  - [Database management system for clinical orthodontics].

PMID- 3866812
TI  - [Dynamics of extraoral anchorage studied by strain gauge methods].

PMID- 3866813
TI  - [A statistical study of the effect of a chincap combined with a maxillary
      protraction appliance to a case of reversed occlusion].

PMID- 3866814
TI  - [Morphological changes with advancing age in a case of reversed occlusion-
      application of principal component analysis].

PMID- 3866815
TI  - [Biological characterization of a hamster osteosarcoma Os 515--development of
      lung metastasis].
AB  - Biological characterization of a transplantable hamster osteosarcoma Os515 which
      had been induced by BK virus was attempted, and usefullness of this tumor was
      confirmed as an experimental model of treatment of osteosarcoma. All the hamsters
      with this tumor died of spontaneous lung metastasis. The chest X-ray picture of a
      tumor-bearing hamster visualized diffuse metastasis in the whole lungs 30 days
      after transplantation. The development of lung metastases was monitored by chest
      X-ray after marginal excision of subcutaneously transplanted tumors or after
      radical disarticulation of a tumor-bearing hind limb. Slow-growing nodular lung
      metastases were seen on X-ray pictures when the subcutaneous tumors were resected
      1 or 2 weeks after transplantation, whereas fast-growing diffuse metastases were
      seen when the tumors were not resected at all or resected 3 weeks after
      transplantation. Nodular lung metastases occurred in a small number of animals
      long after the early radical disarticulation of a tumor-bearing leg.

PMID- 3866816
TI  - [Orofacial changes in progressive systemic sclerosis. Review of literature and
      report of a case].

PMID- 3866817
TI  - [Measurement of the relation between the nasal width and incisive papilla and the
      width of maxillary anterior teeth].

PMID- 3866818
TI  - Computerized prediction of the results of orthognathic surgery.
AB  - Methods of visually and numerically predicting the results of orthognathic
      treatment are reviewed. The use of a computer program written by the authors and
      employing computer graphics for orthognathic prediction is described and
      illustrated. Suggested advantages and disadvantages of such a method are
      discussed.

PMID- 3866819
TI  - Displacement of the mandible during intermaxillary fixation after oblique sliding
      osteotomy. A stereometric and cephalometric radiographic study.
AB  - The X-ray stereometric method was applied for the first time to a series of
      consecutive patients to record operative repositioning of the mandible during
      oblique sliding osteotomy and postoperative displacement of the mandible during
      intermaxillary fixation. Comparison with cephalometric measurements was
      presented. The operative repositioning pattern was presented. Postoperatively a
      posterior displacement pattern was found with incisor extrusion in both jaws.
      Correlation between operative repositioning and postoperative displacement and
      between the two measurement methods was assessed. The stereometric method offers
      information on displacement on all three planes and a higher degree of accuracy.
      To avoid incisor extrusion, besides intermaxillary dental fiscation also skeletal
      fixation is recommended.

PMID- 3866820
TI  - Bilateral condylar atrophy after combined osteotomy for correction of mandibular
      retrusion. A case report.
AB  - Bilateral atrophy of the mandibular condyles after maxillo-mandibular surgery for
      correction of a Class II open-bite is reported. Although a definite cause could
      not be ascertained, it is postulated that a biomechanical phenomenon based on
      increased muscle tension was the most likely causative mechanism.

PMID- 3866821
TI  - Craniofacial polyostotic fibrous dysplasia.
AB  - Three cases of gross craniofacial polyostotic fibrous dysplasia are presented,
      together with a brief review of the condition, and pertinent points regarding the
      cases are discussed. As complete excision of the lesion and immediate
      reconstruction is rarely feasible or possible, and partial excision may result in
      accelerated growth of the lesion during the patient's active growth phase,
      resection only to protect, maintain or restore certain important functions (e.g.
      vision) during this period are advocated, after which close follow-up is
      mandatory until the lesion becomes quiescent, when further surgical procedures
      may be undertaken.

PMID- 3866822
TI  - Total rhinotomy for midline lesions of the ethmoids and the nose.
AB  - Total rhinotomy is a technique previously used to gain access to the sella in
      hypophyseal surgery. In our experience, total rhinotomy is an excellent approach
      not only for benign midline naso-ethmoidal lesions but also for bilateral
      malignant tumours of the ethmoid complex and the nose, provided that there is no
      dural or orbital involvement. Total rhinotomy is contraindicated for malignant
      lesions extending into the nasopharynx.

PMID- 3866823
TI  - Metastasis to the lingual lymph node in carcinoma of the tongue.
AB  - Lingual lymph nodes are occasionally found along the course of some lymph-vessels
      of the tongue. However, their existence has received little attention and
      metastasis of carcinoma of the tongue to them has not previously been reported.
      Three cases of carcinoma of the tongue with metastasis to the lingual lymph node
      are described and a discussion of the importance of such metastasis in the
      treatment of carcinoma of the tongue is presented.

PMID- 3866824
TI  - Inter-rami intraoral fixation of severely comminuted mandibular war injuries.
AB  - A new technique is presented for the reduction, stabilization and immobilization
      of an avulsed maxilla and severe comminuted body and symphysis injuries of the
      mandible sustained by Iraqi soldiers in combat. The technique consists of the use
      of intraoral inter-rami horseshoeshaped Kirschner wire as a scaffolding for
      multiple circumferential wires tied around bone fragments. The technique is
      simple, short, effective and allows function of the lower jaw.

PMID- 3866825
TI  - The predictive value of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in evaluating
      aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 3866826
TI  - [CT myelography for the diagnosis of spinal canal block].

PMID- 3866827
TI  - Nuclear DNA content in benign and malignant tumors of the breast--with its
      diagnostic application on cytologically doubtful aspiration smears of breast
      lesions.

PMID- 3866828
TI  - [A clinical analysis of the diabetic amputee].

PMID- 3866829
TI  - [The prognostic value of early endoscopy in peptic ulcers bleeding].

PMID- 3866830
TI  - Voiding dysfunction after radical abdominal hysterectomy.

PMID- 3866831
TI  - Gallstone ileus.

PMID- 3866832
TI  - [Serum gastrin in upper gastro-intestinal disorders].

PMID- 3866833
TI  - Legionnaires' disease--a case report.

PMID- 3866834
TI  - [Systemic lupus erythematosus with spontaneous rupture of the spleen--a case
      report].

PMID- 3866835
TI  - [Anaphylaxis during cuprophane hemodialysis--a report of 3 cases].

PMID- 3866837
TI  - A case of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome with midbrain involvement.
AB  - In a 27-year-old patient with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome a pineal tumor had
      been found 10 years previously and was apparently a coincidental finding. Minute
      calcifications were later detected around the third ventricle and the
      mesencephalic periaqueductal gray matter by high resolution computed tomography.
      It is argued that this observation may support Devinsky's speculations that
      midbrain involvement has pathological significance for the Gilles de la Tourette
      syndrome.

PMID- 3866838
TI  - Symposium on decision-making in the management of hypertension. Satellite
      symposium of the Second European Meeting on Hypertension. 8 June 1985, Milan,
      Italy.

PMID- 3866836
TI  - An hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy transmitted as an X-linked
      recessive trait.
AB  - Five members of a single family presented with neuropathic deformities and
      ulceration of the feet developing in the first and second decades of life, and
      progressed slowly over many years. In this form of hereditary sensory and
      autonomic neuropathy, there was minimal tendon reflex impairment, cutaneous
      sensory impairment was restricted to the feet, and there was no autonomic
      dysfunction. The only neurophysiological abnormality was that of reduced or
      absent sural nerve sensory action potentials. Sural nerve biopsies taken from two
      affected family members showed changes of a chronic neuropathy with loss of
      myelinated fibres, particularly affecting those of small diameter. Unmyelinated
      fibres were present in normal numbers. This condition differed from other forms
      of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy having an X-linked recessive mode
      of inheritance.

PMID- 3866839
TI  - Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring does not interfere with the haemodynamic
      effects of sleep.
AB  - Automatic or semi-automatic blood pressure (BP) monitoring is a widely used
      method for assessing 24-h BP profile. However, the ability to achieve this goal
      depends on several factors that have not yet been controlled. The present study
      examined the possibility that cuff inflations disturb the sleep of patients and
      prevent the nocturnal fall in BP. This issue was investigated in 10 hospitalized
      subjects in whom BP was recorded intra-arterially for 48 h using the Oxford
      method. During the first or the second 24 h BP was also monitored non-invasively
      (Squibb ICR portable device), the cuff inflations being performed at 15 min
      intervals during the day and at 30 min intervals during the night. The computer
      analysis of the two different 24-h intra-arterial tracings showed that the
      addition of automatic BP monitoring had not caused any alteration in the day and
      night intra-arterial BP and heart rate profiles. Thus, disturbances of the
      haemodynamic effects of sleep do not characterize 24-h automatic BP recording, at
      least when made with the device employed in the present study. This removes an
      important objection against the ability of this approach to evaluate the
      patients' BP profiles properly.

PMID- 3866840
TI  - Differences between casual and 24-h blood pressures.
AB  - Casual (office) blood pressure measurements using the conventional cuff method
      are open to a number of errors which are well recognized, e.g. errors due to
      large arm size, small cuff bladder, digit preference, variations in environmental
      temperature, smoking and/or coffee ingestion and lastly the 'defence' or alerting
      reaction. Although the latter error may be reduced by the habituation induced by
      repeated measures, it may not be so extinguished in some subjects. As an
      incidental finding in a trial of four different beta-blocking agents we were
      surprised to find how common this was. We had to reject about one-third of the
      subjects recruited as hypertensive on the basis of at least three cuff readings,
      when we found their intra-arterial pressures were normal away from hospital.
      Raftery and his colleagues in London have claimed that intra-arterial recordings
      eliminate the common placebo induced fall in blood pressure, which would greatly
      simplify the testing of new hypotensive drugs, particularly if it could be shown
      that ambulatory recordings made by non-invasive methods also removed this
      artefact. Others have used multiple non-invasive methods of blood pressure
      measurement with the Remler device and found similar results. In general the
      pressures taken at home are less than office pressures. Pickering and his
      colleagues in New York have found this discrepancy is particularly large in
      subjects with borderline hypertension. Littler et al. were one of the few groups
      to record higher pressures at home compared with hospital.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3866841
TI  - Early assessment of organ involvement in hypertension: renal assessment.
AB  - Hypertension in the malignant phase is all too commonly associated with
      impairment of renal function, which may be gross and dominate the clinical
      picture. In contrast, the vast majority of patients with essential hypertension
      show no evidence of impairment of renal function, despite the well recognized
      morbid anatomical changes of Renal haemodynamic changes can be detected in some
      two-thirds of hypertensive subjects with a variable decrease in renal blood flow
      and increase in filtration fraction. This pattern could be considered a potential
      mechanism for hyperfiltration damage to glomeruli, but there is no direct
      evidence. Estimates of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate are not
      sensitive indices of early renal damage of hypertensive origin. Much more
      sensitive but relatively unexplored is the measurement of micro-albuminuria in
      hypertensive patients. There is some evidence that the degree of micro
      albuminuria may correlate inversely with the control of arterial pressure in
      essential hypertension. These observations and the suggestion that increased
      urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase may be a sensitive index of renal tubular
      damage need further confirmation.

PMID- 3866842
TI  - Assessment of vascular involvement in hypertension.
AB  - Vascular disease in hypertension is of two types. Disease of arterioles and small
      arteries affects predominantly the kidney and brain, and is due directly to the
      hypertension itself. Atheroma mainly affects large and medium size arteries and
      hypertension is only one of several factors involved in its causation. Clinical
      evidence of small vessel disease includes retinopathy, proteinuria and lacunar
      cerebral infarction. Assessment of atheromatous disease usually involves
      angiography. The recent development of non-invasive techniques such as digital
      subtraction angiography and ultrasound imaging promises to improve the assessment
      of vascular disease.

PMID- 3866843
TI  - Influence of educational and sociocultural factors on hypertension care.
AB  - The influence of occupational category (OC) on the prevalence of hypertension
      (HT) and cardiovascular risk factors and on their management was studied in Paris
      in a general population and in a series of patients followed up in two university
      hospital hypertension clinics. Three OCs were defined as follows: high executives
      and members of liberal professions middle executives and clerks and manual
      workers. In the general population, the prevalence of HT was positively
      associated with OC, and ranged from 12.8% (1) to 19.3% (3). Body Mass Index (BMI)
      and tobacco and alcohol consumption were higher in category 3. Exposure to noise
      and assembly-line work raised blood pressure. Of the hypertensive subjects, 60%
      were aware of their illness, independently of OC, but the percentage of treated
      hypertensive subjects at examination and their compliance with treatment were
      significantly and negatively correlated with OC. In the hypertension departments,
      more category 1 and 2 patients were examined than expected for a theoretical
      French population of similar sex, age and geographical distribution. By contrast,
      clerks and manual workers were under-represented. BMI was higher in OC 3 than in
      OC 1, in both sexes. Cigarette consumption was higher in OC 1 than in OC 3 in
      males only. Permanent teaching staff members examined more people from OC 1 than
      the other physicians did. Drop-out rates at 1, 2 and 3 years were higher in OC 3
      than OC 1. The problems of compliance with antihypertensive treatment were more
      frequent in OC 3 patients than in those in the other categories.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3866844
TI  - Validity and usefulness of non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.
AB  - In the past few years non-invasive blood pressure monitoring has become
      increasingly popular in the belief that this approach: can provide accurate mean
      blood pressure values over a 24-h period or through the day and these values may
      define better than the casual values the severity of hypertension and its related
      risk of developing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this paper a number
      of problems concerning non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in
      hypertension will be reviewed. First, evidence will be shown that blood pressure
      measurements at intervals up to 30 min can provide a 24-h blood pressure mean
      similar to that obtained by continuous analysis of the blood pressure tracing,
      which demonstrates that intermittent readings do not represent a limitation of
      automatic blood pressure monitoring. Then, it will be shown that the periodical
      cuff inflations of automatic or semi-automatic blood pressure monitoring may not
      trigger an alarm reaction or disturb patients' sleep. However, these advantages
      must be balanced against other still unverified aspects of these new techniques:
      the inability of intermittent blood pressure readings to evaluate accurately
      blood pressure variability, which may be a determinant of the overall risk
      profile, the error inherent in non-invasive measurements of blood pressure and
      the limited prospective evidence that average 24-h or daytime blood pressure
      values indeed correlate with the development of target organ damage better than
      casual blood pressure values do.

PMID- 3866845
TI  - Airborne bacterial contamination from patients on MA-1 volume ventilators.

PMID- 3866846
TI  - The surgical management of fungal pulmonary infections in children with acute
      myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - Infections are the primary cause of complications and death in patients with
      acute myelogenous leukemia. Current aggressive treatment protocols have improved
      patient survival but produce extended periods of profound neutropenia during
      which the patients are particularly susceptible to opportunistic infections.
      Candida and Aspergillus species are the most common of the fungi causing invasive
      infections in these patients. In a group of 77 previously untreated children with
      acute myelogenous leukemia begun on treatment from March 1976 to June 1984, four
      patients developed localized fungal infections of the lung. These initially
      appeared as pulmonary infiltrates on chest roentgenograms during periods of
      severe neutropenia (three during remission induction and one after intensive
      consolidation therapy). Endobronchial cultures failed to identify the infectious
      organism in all cases. Computerized axial tomography best defined the cavitary
      nature of the lesions in 2 patients. All four patients underwent surgical
      resection, both to establish a diagnosis (three patients) and as part of therapy.
      There was no operative morbidity. The organisms involved were Aspergillus (2),
      Torulopsis (1), and Penicillium (1). Three patients were cured of their fungal
      infections. The fourth patient failed to enter remission and died of a cerebral
      fungal abscess that developed shortly after thoracotomy. We report these cases to
      encourage early surgical intervention in leukemics with a localized pulmonary
      process consistent with a fungal infection. Resection of the primary focus
      obviates the risk of life threatening pulmonary hemorrhage or dissemination of
      the fungus and allows for early reinstitution of chemotherapy which is vital to
      these patients' survival.

PMID- 3866847
TI  - An epidemiological study of TMJ dysfunction syndrome in adolescents.

PMID- 3866848
TI  - A method for determination of cariogenicity of foods.

PMID- 3866849
TI  - The current status of dental caries in the pediatric population.

PMID- 3866850
TI  - The histological examination of primary enamel as a possible diagnostic tool in
      developmental disturbances.

PMID- 3866851
TI  - Survival and expansion of community pedodontic services in a local university
      children and youth project.

PMID- 3866852
TI  - Ectopic eruption of permanent first molars: a clinical technique.

PMID- 3866853
TI  - Partial 15q trisomy: report of three siblings.

PMID- 3866854
TI  - Improvement of bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs. III. Oral acute toxicity
      and local irritation of medium chain glyceride.
AB  - Oral acute toxicity of medium chain glyceride (MCG) was studied in mice and rats.
      In mice and rats, clinical signs such as irregular respiration, laxity of
      movement, staggering gait and loss of righting reflex appeared after single oral
      administration of MCG at a relatively large dose. The LD50 values determined in
      male and female mice were 26.9 and 28.5 ml/kg, and in male and female rats were
      27.4 and 26.7 ml/kg, respectively. In order to evaluate the biological safety of
      MCG suppository of cefmetazole sodium (CMZ), its local irritation on the mucous
      membrane was studied. Primary eye irritation of MCG suppository of CMZ was
      studied in rabbits. Although mild irritation was seen in conjunctivae, no
      remarkable changes were observed in cornea and iris. Furthermore, primary effect
      of MCG suppository of CMZ on the rectal mucous membrane was studied macro- and
      microscopically. It was observed that remarkable histological changes of rectal
      mucous membrane by MCG suppository of CMZ were not observed in all animals used.

PMID- 3866855
TI  - Comments on the AAP report of the special committee on NIH-NIDR study on
      periodontal therapy.

PMID- 3866856
TI  - The public's oral health and the dental research community--participant or
      observer?
AB  - Dental researchers may sometimes find themselves called upon to enter the public
      arena to promote or defend measures to improve the public's oral health. It is
      important, therefore, to keep up-to-date information at hand to supply to news
      media, public officials, and others, and to be aware of the opportunities and the
      pitfalls involved in communicating with the public.

PMID- 3866857
TI  - Dental hygiene's new initiative--how can we work together?
AB  - This presentation speaks to many issues upon which the American Dental
      Hygienists' Association and the American Public Health Association agree. The
      boundaries are limitless for ADHA and APHA to work together to increase access to
      preventive care and to establish the dental hygienist as the provider to
      preventive dental care. Shaping the Nation's Health Agenda through coalition
      building is a way to the future for total body wellness and optimum oral health.

PMID- 3866859
TI  - Dental hygiene's new initiative--how can we work together? Reaction paper.

PMID- 3866858
TI  - Dental hygiene's new initiative--how can we work together? Reaction paper.

PMID- 3866860
TI  - Advancing the oral health objectives for the nation.

PMID- 3866861
TI  - The National Institute of Dental Research's 1985 survey of working and senior
      adults.

PMID- 3866863
TI  - The future of dental public health as a specialty.

PMID- 3866862
TI  - PHS directions in oral health: health promotion and disease prevention.

PMID- 3866864
TI  - What Massachusetts residents know about fluoridation.
AB  - The Massachusetts Department of Public Health conducted a comprehensive,
      statewide telephone health interview survey during 1980. Adult members of 1,091
      households were interviewed. The purpose of this paper is to report the attitudes
      and knowledge of the Massachusetts residents surveyed regarding fluoridation, as
      well as the relation of their attitudes with demographic and socioeconomic
      variables, dental and other health behaviors, and outcome of fluoridation
      referenda. The majority, 60 percent, were in favor of community water
      fluoridation. As expected, groups that were most likely to favor fluoridation
      were parents, those who were better educated, and those with higher incomes.
      About three-fourths of those surveyed were correctly aware of the purpose of
      fluoridation. Public opinion about fluoridation, as measured by this survey, did
      not correspond with the outcome of fluoridation referenda held in 14
      Massachusetts communities between 1980 and 1983, which showed that 61 percent of
      the voters were not in favor of fluoridation.

PMID- 3866865
TI  - Education: a key to fluoridation compliance.
AB  - This descriptive study reviews the pre- and post-seminar compliance for water
      plant operators with regard to water fluoridation. The Illinois Department of
      Public Health conducted eight workshops with 198 participants representing 91
      water facilities. These workshops provided a basic course in water fluoridation.
      Monthly water sample results were studied six months prior and subsequent to the
      seminar. The mean compliance levels showed a statistically significant increase
      at p = 0.05 after the seminar. For subgroups there were statistically significant
      (p less than 0.05) differences of the mean for facilities requiring a class C
      water plant operator, facilities adding hydrofluosilicic acid, and operators in
      communities serving more than 10,000 people. Discussion of the variables and
      their possible influence on the outcome is elaborated. For the maintenance of
      proper levels of fluoride, states may want to consider providing an ongoing level
      of education for the water plant operators.

PMID- 3866867
TI  - The future of the caries decline.
AB  - Dental caries declined in prevalence and severity among schoolchildren in the
      United States during the 1970s, although it still remains a problem in some
      areas. The decline could have started well before the 1970s, even though it was
      only recently identified. Caries should continue to decline as long as fluoride
      use remains around current levels. Use of fluoride toothpaste seems to be
      increasing. Sugar consumption is stable, although sucrose consumption as a
      proportion of total sugar consumption is declining. Increased tooth retention is
      thought to increase the risk of root caries in older persons, but the continued
      use of fluoride toothpaste should minimize any such increase. The main growth
      area for fluoride use may be in toothpastes. Monitoring caries trends in the
      future will require good data on the epidemiology of caries in young and middle
      aged adults.

PMID- 3866866
TI  - The results after 20 months of a study testing the efficacy of a weekly fluoride
      mouthrinsing program.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of weekly mouthrinsing
      with a 0.2 percent NaF solution in first-grade children living in a non
      fluoridated community. Children in the control group were also participants in a
      randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of semiannual fluoride varnish
      treatments. Children allocated to the mouthrinse group attended school at three
      of the 17 area schools where the varnish study was occurring. Random allocation
      of children into the treatment group was considered impractical because of
      potential problems of teacher cooperation and compliance. The same two
      standardized examiners examined all participants, and were blind to group
      assignment for all children. After two academic years, or approximately 72 weeks
      of rinsing, 178 and 247 children remained in the treatment and control groups,
      respectively. The control group experienced a mean caries rate of 2.02 surfaces
      over 20 months, while the treatment group demonstrated an increment of only 1.33
      surfaces, representing a savings of about 0.34 surfaces per year or a reduction
      in DMFS of 34.2 percent. Surface-specific incremental reductions after 20 months
      were 0.35, 0.19, and 0.14 for the occlusal, buccal, and lingual surfaces,
      respectively. The proximal increment was too small to draw any meaningful
      conclusions. In the primary dentition, the treatment and control dfs increments
      were 0.74 and 1.74, respectively. This reduction represents a savings of one-half
      surface increment per year, or a reduction of 57.5 percent.

PMID- 3866868
TI  - Considerations in planning preventive strategies for the elderly patient.

PMID- 3866869
TI  - Smokeless tobacco: a challenge for the 80s.

PMID- 3866870
TI  - [Application of high frequency jet ventilation for dogs with oleic-acid induced
      pulmonary edema].

PMID- 3866871
TI  - [Analysis of ALL lymphoblasts proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis].

PMID- 3866872
TI  - [Testicular relapse in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML-M2) with t(8;21)
      chromosome abnormality].

PMID- 3866873
TI  - [Basic and clinical studies on ELSA CA 125 RIA kit: usefulness in patients with
      ovarian carcinoma].

PMID- 3866875
TI  - [Retinopathia centralis serosa--initial symptom of acute lymphoblastic leukemia].
AB  - Central serous retinopathy caused a gradual decrease in visual acuity in the left
      eye of a 14-year-old boy. During a general medical examination systematic
      investigation revealed an acute lymphoblastic leukemia. As a result of adequate
      therapy visual acuity improved from 0.1 to 1.0.

PMID- 3866874
TI  - Role of prostaglandins and angiotensin II in experimental glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Moderate autologous nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NSN) in rats causes no reduction
      in GFR despite a reduction in ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf) to less than one
      half of normal. An increase in intraglomerular hydraulic pressure maintains GFR,
      but the signal and efferent mechanisms for this adaptation remain unknown.
      Indomethacin and saralasin were used to study the possible roles of
      prostaglandins and angiotensin II (A-II) in the adaptation to NSN. Indomethacin
      decreased renal blood flow (RBF) in NSN (-8.6%, P less than 0.001), but not in
      controls. Renal vascular resistance (RVR) increased in NSN (+ 9.6%, P less than
      0.01), but decreased in controls (-5.6%, P less than 0.01). GFR decreased in NSN
      (-22.3%, P less than 0.01), but increased in controls (+ 10.3%, P less than
      0.001). Urinary PGE2 excretion decreased markedly both in NSN and controls. With
      combined treatment using indomethacin and saralasin, RBF increased in NSN (+
      22.4%, P less than 0.001), but did not change in controls. RVR decreased in NSN (
      21.5%, P less than 0.001), but was unchanged in controls. GFR remained unchanged
      both in NSN and controls. With saralasin alone, RBF increased both in NSN (+
      21.4%, P less than 0.001) and in controls (+ 14.4%, P less than 0.001). RVR
      decreased both in NSN (-21.8%, P less than 0.001) and controls (-18.7% P less
      than 0.001). GFR increased (+ 12.3%, P less than 0.05) in NSN, but did not change
      in controls. Urinary PGE2 excretion was increased in NSN compared to controls,
      decreased markedly in NSN after either indomethacin or saralasin
      infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3866877
TI  - [Basic genetic knowledge of the teeth and maxillofacial area].

PMID- 3866876
TI  - Significant differences in natural killer cell activity in children according to
      age and sex.

PMID- 3866878
TI  - [Basic knowledge of the growth patterns of the teeth dentition and occlusion].

PMID- 3866879
TI  - [Basic knowledge of maxillo-mandibular growth and the total development of the
      body].

PMID- 3866882
TI  - [Diagnosis of malocclusion].

PMID- 3866880
TI  - [Finger, lip and tongue habits contributing to malocclusion].

PMID- 3866881
TI  - [Oral environment contributing to malocclusion].

PMID- 3866883
TI  - [Pre-orthodontic care].

PMID- 3866884
TI  - [Fingersucking and malocclusion].

PMID- 3866885
TI  - [Anterior cross bite in deciduous teeth].

PMID- 3866886
TI  - [Mandibular crowding in deciduous teeth].

PMID- 3866887
TI  - [Diastema].

PMID- 3866888
TI  - [Eruption space for the lateral incisors].

PMID- 3866889
TI  - [Prolonged retention of the primary teeth].

PMID- 3866890
TI  - [Mesial movement of the first molar].

PMID- 3866891
TI  - [Bucco-labio-version of the second molar].

PMID- 3866892
TI  - [Management of cross bite].

PMID- 3866893
TI  - [Diastema in adults].

PMID- 3866895
TI  - [Abnormal tongue habits].

PMID- 3866894
TI  - [Migration of adult teeth].

PMID- 3866896
TI  - [Toothbrushing technic in patients with orthodontic appliances].

PMID- 3866898
TI  - Anaesthesia in the dental surgery.

PMID- 3866897
TI  - Comparison of autoradiography and DNA histograms in assessing S-phase cells from
      patients with myeloid leukemias.
AB  - The studies reported here were designed to determine whether DNA histogram
      analysis provided the same estimate for the percentage of cells in S-phase as
      does 3H-TdR labeling index (LI). For DNA histogram analysis high resolution flow
      cytometry was employed together with 3 different computer based methods for
      histogram analysis. When tissue culture cells were employed there was a good
      correlation (r = 0.89) between the estimates for the percentage of cells in S
      phase by the LI and DNA histogram techniques. In contrast, when 1138 bone marrow
      or peripheral blood specimens obtained from leukemic patients were studied the
      correlation was poor. For example when 243 pretherapy bone marrow aspirate cells
      were studied by both methods the correlation was only 0.46. A direct comparison
      of the clinical relevance of the two methods for measuring S-phase cells when
      high dose cytosine arabinoside therapy was used to treat patients demonstrated
      that only LI measurements provided clinically useful information. In conclusion,
      DNA histogram analysis provides an inaccurate estimate of the percentage of cells
      in S-phase.

PMID- 3866899
TI  - Caries in children--the dietary factor.

PMID- 3866901
TI  - The vexed questions of patient priority.

PMID- 3866900
TI  - Examination of oral lesions.

PMID- 3866902
TI  - Infections of the oral mucosa.

PMID- 3866903
TI  - The importance of ergonomics.

PMID- 3866904
TI  - Silencing the fluoride scaremongers.

PMID- 3866905
TI  - Methylation of 16S ribosomal RNA and resistance to the aminoglycoside antibiotics
      gentamicin and kanamycin determined by DNA from the gentamicin-producer,
      Micromonospora purpurea.
AB  - When DNA fragments from Micromonospora purpurea (the producer of gentamicin) were
      cloned in Streptomyces lividans, a gentamicin-resistant strain was obtained in
      which the ribosomes were highly resistant both to gentamicin and to kanamycin.
      Reconstitution analysis revealed that such resistance resulted from some property
      of their 16S RNA. Extracts from the clone contained methylase activity which
      acted on 16S RNA within E. coli 30S ribosomal subunits and rendered them
      resistant to gentamicin and kanamycin.

PMID- 3866906
TI  - Estrogen-mediated induction of a vitellogenin-specific nonhistone chromatin
      protein in the male chicken liver.
AB  - Non-histone chromatin proteins prepared from the livers of estrogen-treated and
      nontreated male chickens were compared by reverse-phase high performance liquid
      chromatography (RP-HPLC), followed by sodium dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The results revealed that the hormone-treated male
      liver chromatin contained a specific protein corresponding to the vitellogenin
      specific protein previously purified from the liver of egg-laying hens (Nakayama
      1985). The chicken protein, purified further by gel-filtration high performance
      liquid chromatography (GF-HPLC), showed specific binding activity to DNA
      fragments carrying a part of the vitellogenin gene. On the basis of similarities
      in the elution patterns from GF-HPLC and RP-HPLC as well as in the mobility on
      SDS-PAGE, we concluded that this hormone-induced protein in the male chicken
      liver was identical to the vitellogenin-specific protein identified in the hen
      liver, and assumed it to be a specific regulatory protein for the vitellogenin
      gene expression. The amino acid composition of this chicken protein has been
      determined.

PMID- 3866907
TI  - Genetic organization of the unc-22 IV gene and the adjacent region in
      Caenorhabditis elegans.
AB  - The genetic organization of the region immediately adjacent to the unc-22 IV gene
      in Caenorhabditis elegans has been studied. We have identified twenty essential
      genes in this interval of approximately 1.5-map units on Linkage Group IV. The
      mutations that define these genes were positioned by recombination mapping and
      complementation with several deficiencies. With few exceptions, the positions
      obtained by these two methods agreed. Eight of the twenty essential genes
      identified are represented by more than one allele. Three possible internal
      deletions of the unc-22 gene have been located by intra-genic mapping. In
      addition, the right end point of a deficiency or an inversion affecting the
      adjacent genes let-56 and unc-22 has been positioned inside the unc-22 gene.

PMID- 3866908
TI  - Transfer of mink genes into mouse cells by means of isolated lipid-encapsulated
      nuclei.
AB  - A method for gene transfer by means of interphase nuclei encapsulated within
      lipid membranes was developed. The method was based on passage of interphase
      nuclei through a layer of organic solvents containing phospholipids. Evidence was
      obtained indicating that the nuclei become surrounded by a protective
      phospholipid membrane: measurements of bound labelled or non-labelled
      phospholipids; decrease in the permeability of lipid-encapsulated nuclei for high
      molecular compounds; visualization by direct electron microscopy. Lipid
      encapsulated nuclei of mink fibroblasts were used for transformation of mutant
      mouse LMTK- cells (deficient for thymidine kinase). The frequency of occurrence
      of HAT-resistant colonies/recipient cell was 1.9 X 10(-5). Biochemical analysis
      of 14 independent clones demonstrated that they all contained TK1 of mink origin.
      Analysis of 15 other biochemical markers located on 12 of the mink chromosomes
      revealed the activities of mink galactokinase (a syntenic marker) in 5
      transformed clones, and that of mink aconitase-1 (the marker of mink chromosome
      12) in 1 clone. No cytogenetically visible donor chromosomes were identified in
      the transformed clones. Nine transformed clones were tested for the stability of
      the TK+ phenotype; of these, the phenotype was expressed stably in 3 and unstably
      in 6. The method suggested is similar to the gene transfer procedure using total
      DNA. Its advantage is in ensuring efficient gene transfer and donor DNA
      integrity.

PMID- 3866910
TI  - Ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: which method?
AB  - A questionnaire was circulated to assess the influence of the presence of
      vomitus, secretions and infection on the willingness of 70 hospital staff members
      to use methods of ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The
      responses showed that only 13% would use mouth-to-mouth and 59% mouth-to-mask
      ventilation in the presence of these features. Thirty-five of these subjects were
      then tested for their ability to ventilate a manikin adequately (tidal volume,
      800 mL). The best performance was seen with mouth-to-mouth ventilation. After
      instruction, their performance was satisfactory with mouth-to-mouth and mouth-to
      mask resuscitation and with the Robertshaw resuscitator. Bag-valve-mask
      ventilation had a 97% failure rate before and after instruction and may be
      inappropriate for CPR. A resuscitation mask which allows effective ventilation
      without contamination and with oxygen supplementation is the most cost-effective
      and best accepted method of emergency ventilation.

PMID- 3866911
TI  - [Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. A clinical case].

PMID- 3866909
TI  - Genetics and evolution of the acute phase proteins in mice.
AB  - In mammals, a number of liver-derived plasma proteins, termed acute phase
      reactants, are induced during an inflammation response. We have studied genetic
      variation in the structure and expression of several of these proteins in a
      variety of inbred and wild-derived mice. In a genetic cross, electrophoretic
      polymorphisms for the two alpha 1-acid glycoproteins, AGP-1 and AGP-2, co
      segregated in 58 backcross progeny, indicating that either a single gene or two
      tightly-linked genes on chromosome 4 encode the AGPs. In the same backcross,
      segregation of variation in haptoglobin structure showed that the gene encoding
      this acute phase reactant is on chromosome 8. Structural variation in serum
      amyloid A correlated with restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the Saa
      gene determined by Taylor and Rowe (1984). Analysis of a number of highly
      diverged species of mice indicated that AGP expression has undergone considerable
      modification during evolution of the Mus genus; this is associated with
      alterations in Agp gene organization, which may include species-specific
      amplification and/or deletion events.

PMID- 3866912
TI  - [A case of idiopathic essential fibromatosis of the gingivae].

PMID- 3866913
TI  - [Prevalence of hepatitis B virus markers in dentists and family physicians].

PMID- 3866914
TI  - [A hypothesis on the resistance to dental caries of patients with periodontal
      diseases].

PMID- 3866916
TI  - [Diagnostic verifications and therapeutic possibilities in dental patients with
      previous myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3866915
TI  - [Diagnosis and emergency treatment of acute myocardial infarct in ambulatory
      dental practice].

PMID- 3866917
TI  - [Postoperative follow-up in 120 cases of apicoectomy].

PMID- 3866918
TI  - [Cohesive gold: analysis using a scanning electron microscope].

PMID- 3866919
TI  - [Odontoma: clinical considerations].

PMID- 3866920
TI  - [In vivo and in vitro radioisotope study of neoplasms of the oral cavity].

PMID- 3866921
TI  - [Odontogenic adenomatoid tumor of the maxilla].

PMID- 3866922
TI  - [Kaposi's sarcoma with primary localization in the oral cavity. Clinical note].

PMID- 3866923
TI  - [Procedure for prevention of the carcinomatous transformation of oral lichen
      ruber planus].

PMID- 3866924
TI  - [Dental implantation: an original contribution].

PMID- 3866925
TI  - [Optic and electronic microscope study on the implant-tissue interface of
      titanium dental implants].

PMID- 3866926
TI  - [Prophylactic dissection or informed waiting in lip tumors: proposed protocol].

PMID- 3866927
TI  - [Trigonometric calculation of skeletal overjet using the mathematical method of
      the Cagliari School].

PMID- 3866928
TI  - [Assessment of facial asymmetry by a new method of superimposing tracings on full
      face photographs].

PMID- 3866929
TI  - [Usefulness of CT in the study of fractures of the mandibular condyle].

PMID- 3866930
TI  - [Analgesic effect of suprofen in pain caused by dental extraction. Double-blind
      randomized study].

PMID- 3866931
TI  - [Dental laboratory as occupational-risk environment. An exceptional case of
      associated diseases].

PMID- 3866932
TI  - [Eosinophilic granuloma with multifocal location].

PMID- 3866934
TI  - [Control of muscular hyperfunction and motor rehabilitation in the pain
      dysfunction syndrome of the temporomandibular joint].

PMID- 3866933
TI  - [Usefulness of computerized axial tomography in symptomatic trigeminal
      neuralgia].

PMID- 3866935
TI  - [Substitutive metal-acrylic endoprosthesis of the mandible].

PMID- 3866936
TI  - [Long-term follow-up of the vitality and dental sensitivity after multiple
      osteotomies of the facial bones].

PMID- 3866937
TI  - [Fibrinolytic activity of human gingiva. Technical note].

PMID- 3866939
TI  - [Muco-gingival surgery. 1].

PMID- 3866940
TI  - [Ultrastructural study using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the
      periodontal ligament].

PMID- 3866938
TI  - [Radiographic study of the occurrence of the type and severity of periodontal
      bone lesions in periodontal disease patients].

PMID- 3866941
TI  - [Behcet's disease. Introductory note].

PMID- 3866942
TI  - [Secondary remodelling in gingival autografts: technics and short-term results].

PMID- 3866943
TI  - [Periodontal surgery for filling of Class V cavities. 1. Cases without the need
      for displacement of the connective attachment].

PMID- 3866944
TI  - [Mucogingival surgery. 2].

PMID- 3866945
TI  - [Morphology of the advancing front of bacterial plaque in a group of patients
      with rapidly progressive periodontitis].

PMID- 3866946
TI  - [Composite resins: absorption test in a simulated liquid].

PMID- 3866947
TI  - [Organization of the orthodontic office].

PMID- 3866948
TI  - [Percentages of recurrence of 3 types of growth in various malocclusions:
      considerations on therapy].

PMID- 3866949
TI  - [Use of orthodontic appliances in treatment of segmental maxillo-mandibular
      fractures].

PMID- 3866951
TI  - [Functional therapy in the treatment of facial asymmetry during growth].

PMID- 3866950
TI  - [Latero-lateral teleradiography of the skull with maximum reduction in radiation
      exposure].

PMID- 3866952
TI  - [Cell membrane differences between malignant and nonmalignant cells].
AB  - Malignant cells possesses an electric surface charge differing from their healthy
      counterparts. In many cases they exhibit increased electronegativity. We
      incubated blood or bone marrow with heparin--a polyanion--and subsequently
      stained the cells with a fluorochrome. In healthy subjects or patients with non
      malignant disease heparin was found to attach closely to the cell surface,
      visualised through fluorescence. In a variable number of malignant cells heparin
      did not attach to the cell surface. Electrostatic repulsion of the negative
      heparin molecule through the increased negativity of the malignant cell is
      discussed as an explanation of this finding which can be corrected/inhibited by
      neuraminidase incubation.

PMID- 3866953
TI  - [Cusp area index of Ainu molars].

PMID- 3866955
TI  - [Evaluation of dental radiographic images in the oral region--manufacture and
      evaluation of a life-like phantom].

PMID- 3866954
TI  - [Immunohistopathological study of periapical lesions].

PMID- 3866956
TI  - [Patho-morphological studies of the linguogingival groove in human incisors].

PMID- 3866957
TI  - [The outline of the deepest portion of the palate observed by Moire topography.
      Variation in the outline of the dental arch in the deciduous and permanent
      dentitions in the same person].

PMID- 3866958
TI  - [Setting time of dental luting cements. Relation between the exothermic peak and
      mixing time].

PMID- 3866959
TI  - [Objective evaluation in abstruse cases of distal extension removable partial
      dentures].

PMID- 3866960
TI  - [A case of mucoepidermoid tumor].

PMID- 3866961
TI  - [A case of supernumerary tooth (distomolar) appearing in the lower molar region].

PMID- 3866962
TI  - That addisonian tan: the healthy looks that may deceive.

PMID- 3866963
TI  - Triiodothyronine therapy: an iatrogenic bait.

PMID- 3866964
TI  - Overwhelming infection after splenectomy: a challenge to preventive medicine.

PMID- 3866966
TI  - Neck masses: illustration of a logical approach.

PMID- 3866967
TI  - Statewide prehospital mobile intensive care treatment protocols for advanced life
      support units in North Carolina.

PMID- 3866965
TI  - Snakebite treatment in the 80s.

PMID- 3866969
TI  - [The correction of the base of a complete denture].

PMID- 3866968
TI  - [Arthrography of the temporomandibular joint].

PMID- 3866971
TI  - [An improvement in intra-oral radiography in patients under general anesthesia].

PMID- 3866970
TI  - [Isthmus fracture of amalgam restorations].

PMID- 3866973
TI  - [Bacteroides endodontalis and other black-pigmented Bacteroides species in
      odontogenic abscesses].

PMID- 3866972
TI  - [Mandibular deficiency, stability and relapse after surgical correction].

PMID- 3866974
TI  - [The practice period (II): experiences of the students].

PMID- 3866975
TI  - Limited access ruling and tort reform activity.

PMID- 3866977
TI  - Big brother at the bedside.

PMID- 3866976
TI  - Changing the rules on dying.

PMID- 3866978
TI  - The meaning of the Conroy decision.

PMID- 3866979
TI  - The Conroy decision.

PMID- 3866980
TI  - Transurethral prostatectomy: analysis in a community hospital.

PMID- 3866981
TI  - Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland.

PMID- 3866982
TI  - Reflections on health care at the coming turn of the century.

PMID- 3866983
TI  - Future patterns of chronic disease incidence, disability, and mortality among the
      elderly. Implications for the demand for acute and long-term health care.

PMID- 3866984
TI  - Implications of new medical technology.

PMID- 3866985
TI  - The roles of new medical technology and health care delivery systems in shaping
      medicine into the 21st century.

PMID- 3866987
TI  - A 74-year-old man with a lung mass, arthritis, and difficulty walking.

PMID- 3866986
TI  - Health care payment reform. Projections for the next 15 years.

PMID- 3866988
TI  - Type I herpes simplex esophagitis with candidal esophagitis in an immunocompetent
      host.

PMID- 3866989
TI  - Farmer's lung in a 10-year-old boy.

PMID- 3866990
TI  - Cocaine-induced myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3866991
TI  - Spontaneous complete remission in acute promyelocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3866992
TI  - The physician/participant in war.

PMID- 3866993
TI  - Placental pseudotumor of the uterus: an iatrogenic disease?

PMID- 3866994
TI  - AIDS and the alleged Haitian connection.

PMID- 3866995
TI  - Breast self-examination.

PMID- 3866996
TI  - Disseminated histoplasmosis in a man with AIDS.

PMID- 3866997
TI  - Lactic dehydrogenase and malignancy.

PMID- 3866999
TI  - Intestinal fistula formation in a man with mycobacterial disease and AIDS.

PMID- 3866998
TI  - A 40-year-old man with chills, fever, weight loss, and a productive cough.

PMID- 3867000
TI  - Disseminated cryptococcosis presenting as the adult respiratory distress
      syndrome.

PMID- 3867001
TI  - Pleural effusion due to communicating gastric ulcer.

PMID- 3867002
TI  - The oral health status and treatment needs of Vietnamese refugee children in
      transit in Hong Kong.

PMID- 3867003
TI  - Prevention of infective endocarditis associated with dental treatment: a report
      by a committee of the National Heart Foundation of New Zealand.

PMID- 3867004
TI  - Cancellous osteoma of the mandibular ramus--a case report.

PMID- 3867005
TI  - Calculus in the submandibular salivary duct.

PMID- 3867006
TI  - Pregnancy and dental care.

PMID- 3867008
TI  - Frozen shoulder.

PMID- 3867007
TI  - Influence of alpha thalassaemia on haematological parameters in Polynesian
      patients.
AB  - DNA mapping of the alpha globin gene cluster in cord blood from Polynesians has
      shown an increased frequency of alpha thalassaemia and triplicated alpha genes.
      Reduced levels of haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin or mean corpuscular
      volume in these neonates may indicate alpha thalassaemia. Recognition of this
      will avoid unnecessary haematological investigations and iron supplementation.

PMID- 3867010
TI  - Motor neurone disease.

PMID- 3867009
TI  - Specialty costing: a new perspective.

PMID- 3867011
TI  - Prevention of infective endocarditis associated with dental treatment and other
      medical intervention.

PMID- 3867012
TI  - Education--the concern of the profession? Undergraduate medical education.
AB  - In this brief review not all aspects could be covered. The main requirements for
      improvement are: Reorganise the Medical Council - expand the role of its
      educational committee and establish a curriculum advisory body. Begin a
      continuous evaluation process of medical education. Colleges and medical
      associations begin debating their role, involving lay organisations in the
      process. Curriculum committees and medical schools look at four areas of
      criticism (begin planning introduction of early clinical contact, problem
      solving, critical approach, self learning) and contemplate reduction in length of
      course. The direction of medical education following Flexner was the centres of
      medical excellence, these became the teaching hospitals and they have become the
      trap leading to a distorted view of medicine. That they have produced many
      advances is not disputed. That they will continue to do so is to be expected,
      although they are now retarding progress in the important and neglected areas
      that hold the most potential for benefit--prevention and primary care. The new
      direction of excellence must not be solely into institutions, but must now be
      into the minds of all the individual members of the profession. The institutions
      will change, as society does, along with increasing knowledge, but if possession
      of the habits of continual critical inquiry is equally represented in all members
      of the profession, then they will adapt more quickly and appropriately to the
      requirements in the future.

PMID- 3867013
TI  - Cancer of the cervix.

PMID- 3867014
TI  - Cutting corners with hepatitis B vaccination.

PMID- 3867015
TI  - Asthma trends.

PMID- 3867016
TI  - Ketotifen and asthma.

PMID- 3867017
TI  - Wheeze and animal contact.

PMID- 3867018
TI  - Epirubicin, an effective new anticancer agent.

PMID- 3867019
TI  - Soft tissue injuries and physiotherapy.

PMID- 3867020
TI  - Intussusception of the appendix.

PMID- 3867022
TI  - Mandatory reporting of child abuse.

PMID- 3867023
TI  - Minerals in infant foods.

PMID- 3867021
TI  - Screening for cervical cancer.

PMID- 3867024
TI  - Perinatal mortality.

PMID- 3867025
TI  - A way out of the staffing problem.

PMID- 3867026
TI  - A defence of Western medicine: whole health or holistic health?

PMID- 3867027
TI  - Scoliosis: lateral curvature of the spine.

PMID- 3867028
TI  - Imaging of primary and metastatic colorectal cancer using an 111In-labelled
      antitumour monoclonal antibody (791T/36).
AB  - The monoclonal antitumour antibody 791T/36, previously shown to localize in
      colorectal cancer when radiolabelled with 131I, has been successfully labelled
      with 111In. A preliminary evaluation of its imaging potential has been made in
      fourteen patients with primary and secondary colorectal cancer. Positive
      localization was achieved in tumour sites of all but one of the patients. The
      sites of uptake of the 111In-labelled antibody were more clearly defined than
      when using the same antibody labelled with 131I. The mean tumour to normal tissue
      uptake ratio per gram of tissue from four resected specimens was 2.8:1. Labelling
      of the antibody did not affect the tumour uptake of the antibody but facilitated
      interpretation directly from images without the need for background subtraction.

PMID- 3867030
TI  - [Histopathological studies of tissue reactions to implant materials].

PMID- 3867029
TI  - [Colony formation of oral treponema on the surface of solid media].

PMID- 3867031
TI  - [Production of amines in human whole saliva].

PMID- 3867032
TI  - [Comparative anatomy of the tongue of Mogella wogura wogura--scanning electron
      microscopy of the surface structures and the injection-replica of the blood
      vessels].

PMID- 3867033
TI  - [Effects of canavanine, arginine, ornithine and citrulline on lactate production
      by oral microorganisms].

PMID- 3867034
TI  - [Effect of chlorhexidine on cultured V 79 cells].

PMID- 3867035
TI  - [Condylar position in malocclusion].

PMID- 3867036
TI  - [Temporomandibular joint sounds].

PMID- 3867037
TI  - [A psychophysiological study of the heart rate in the child patient at the dental
      visit--effect on the heart rate of the level of maternal anxiety and the maternal
      view of the child's personality test].

PMID- 3867038
TI  - [Occlusal diagnosis by simultaneous recording of mandibular movements, EMG and
      occlusal sounds].

PMID- 3867040
TI  - [Distortion patterns in models of the lower dentition].

PMID- 3867039
TI  - [Low cariogenicity of a new sweetener, coupling sugar, on rats inoculated with
      Streptococcus mutans 6715].

PMID- 3867041
TI  - [Resistance and capacitance of the human nail using alternating current].

PMID- 3867042
TI  - [Impedance of shrimp cutis].

PMID- 3867043
TI  - [Resistance and capacitance of the clam shell during rest using alternating
      current].

PMID- 3867044
TI  - [Effect of secondary plaster in the fabrication of working models].

PMID- 3867045
TI  - [Thermal expansion behavior of porcelain and porcelain-metal complexes].

PMID- 3867046
TI  - [2-dimensional photoelastic stress analysis of the alveolar bone with an S-type
      Bioceram implant under a free-end bridge].

PMID- 3867047
TI  - A recent approach to open bite cases in the Begg technique.

PMID- 3867049
TI  - [The dental application of a Au-Cu-Zn system memory-shape alloy--comparison of
      the physical and chemical properties with dental alloys].

PMID- 3867048
TI  - [Effect of a 0.4 percent stannous fluoride-containing gel, Gel-tin, on the acid
      formation of dental plaque].

PMID- 3867050
TI  - [Psychophysiological responses of the dentist to the presence of a parent in the
      dental operatory--the study of the perception of visual stimulus using the
      Visicon-Eye-Camera].

PMID- 3867051
TI  - [Properties of nickel-chromium casting alloys for crowns and bridges].

PMID- 3867052
TI  - [Bruxism during sleep. Analyses of electromyogram, electroencephalogram, electro
      oculogram, electrocardiogram, respirogram, clinical findings, psychoendocrine
      responses taken before, during, and after horizontal experimental occlusal
      interferences].

PMID- 3867053
TI  - Recognizing and treating the anorexic and bulimic patient.

PMID- 3867054
TI  - Acute monocytic leukemia recurring as bilateral perilimbal infiltrates.
      Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural confirmation.
AB  - A 28-year-old woman developed leukopenia and slight cervical lymphadenopathy.
      Bone marrow aspiration and special stains established the diagnosis of acute
      monocytic leukemia. Following chemotherapy a complete hematologic remission was
      elicited. Seven months later, she consulted an ophthalmologist because of
      bilateral conjunctival lesions. Ophthalmologic examination showed
      subconjunctival, perilimbal grayish-pink infiltrates. A conjunctival biopsy
      disclosed sheets of mononuclear cells consistent with acute monocytic leukemia.
      Four months later, she developed cutaneous lesions in the face and chest wall.
      Subsequent biopsies of conjunctiva and skin and immunohistochemical demonstration
      of muramidase in the tumor cells supported the diagnosis of monocytic leukemia.
      Electron microscopic studies were particularly valuable and disclosed that more
      than 80% of the leukemic cells contained two types of cytoplasmic complexes of
      rough endoplasmic reticulum that displayed both tubular and helical
      configurations. These complexes differed morphologically from the ribosome
      lamellar complexes observed in hairy cell leukemia and other hematologic
      disorders.

PMID- 3867055
TI  - Granulocytic sarcoma of the orbit. A clinicopathologic study.
AB  - A 9-year-old Latin American girl developed proptosis of the left eye associated
      with pain in the left ear of one month's duration. Ophthalmoscopic examination of
      the left eye disclosed retinal striae with venous tortuosity and papilledema. CT
      scan of the orbit showed a nonenhancing, irregular intraconal mass. CT scan of
      the brain demonstrated an enhancing left temporoparietal mass. Craniotomy
      revealed a 7 cm, extra-axial mass that was attached to the dura mater. Histologic
      examination, including a positive Leder stain, established the diagnosis of
      granulocytic sarcoma. At that time, the results of the laboratory studies,
      including complete cell blood count, were normal. Periodic clinical and
      hematologic evaluation was recommended. Twenty-five days after craniotomy,
      examination of the peripheral blood disclosed 56% myeloblasts and the bone marrow
      contained 30% blast cells. The problem in histologic differential diagnosis and a
      review of the literature is discussed.

PMID- 3867056
TI  - Informed consent in Minnesota.

PMID- 3867057
TI  - Interactions of antitumor drugs and DNA: crystallographic studies.
AB  - Several antitumor drugs complexed to DNA double helical fragments have been
      crystallized and their structures solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction
      analysis at high resolution. These studies show in great detail the manner in
      which the planar aromatic components of the drugs intercalate between base pairs
      from the minor groove side of B-DNA, as well as hydrogen bonding components which
      anchor the drug to DNA through its interaction with base pairs on either side of
      the intercalative site. Analysis at this level makes it possible to contemplate
      the rational design of antitumor drugs that might bind more strongly or interact
      more specifically with certain nucleic acid sequences.

PMID- 3867059
TI  - [More words on dental prevention in the quiet controversy on the use of
      fluorides].

PMID- 3867058
TI  - [Dental fluorosis: the territory of Nepi].

PMID- 3867060
TI  - [Occurrence of dental caries as shown in a population of 1555 recruits].

PMID- 3867061
TI  - [Epidemiological study of dental caries in nursery schools in Verona].

PMID- 3867062
TI  - [Knowledge of fluoride prophylaxis in the prevention of dental caries].

PMID- 3867063
TI  - [Epidemiological research on dental caries during the previous year in compulsory
      schools].

PMID- 3867064
TI  - [Recolonization of the mouth in man and rats following chlorhexidine treatment].

PMID- 3867066
TI  - Regression of lymphosarcoma by treatment with acetylsalicylic acid in rats.
AB  - Increased synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) may be an important promoting factor
      in the development of lymphosarcoma. Thus, inhibition of PG synthesis may
      represent a logical way of controlling the growth of lymphosarcomatous cells. In
      order to verify this hypothesis, two groups of rats with lymphosarcoma have been
      used: the test-group received acetyl salicylic acid (54 mg/animal/day) and the
      control-group received the same quantity of physiological saline solution. After
      4 days of treatment, the lymph nodes stopped growing in the test-group.
      Microscopic and electron microscopic examinations of lymph node sections were
      carried out after 11 days of treatment. These showed for the test-group the
      disappearance of the characteristics of malignancy.

PMID- 3867065
TI  - [Survey of knowledge of fluoroprophylaxis methods in a group of physicians in
      Aquila].

PMID- 3867068
TI  - Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inhibits an IUD-induced premature luteolysis in sheep.
AB  - Fifteen ewes were assigned as they came into estrus to one of three randomized
      treatment groups: 1. Sham IUD + Vehicle, 2. IUD + Vehicle, and 3. IUD + PGE2 in
      Vehicle. An IUD was inserted adjacent to the luteal-bearing ovary of unilaterally
      ovariectomized ewes on day 3 postestrus. Vehicle (Na2CO3) or PGE2 (500
      micrograms) in vehicle was given every 4 hours intrauterine through an indwelling
      uterine cannula from day 3 postestrus until ewes returned to estrus. Luteolysis
      was advanced in both the Sham IUD and IUD groups receiving vehicle. An IUD
      induced premature luteolysis was prevented by PGE based on daily concentrations
      of progesterone in peripheral blood and the extended interestrous interval. It is
      concluded that chronic intrauterine injections of PGE2 (500 micrograms) every
      four hours can prevent an IUD-induced premature luteolysis. It is also concluded
      that an IUD-induced premature luteolysis is not necessarily through uterine
      distention.

PMID- 3867067
TI  - The effects of indomethacin and PGE2 on vascular reactivity in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats: possible role of prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of
      hypertension.
AB  - Vascular reactivity was investigated in isolated perfused mesenteric vessels of
      young and adult SHR and age matched WKY. The primary objective was to investigate
      whether the difference in vascular reactivity between SHR and WKY would persist
      if endogenous prostaglandin synthesis was abolished and vascular reactivity
      restored with fixed exogenous quantities of PGE2. In young rats, when similar
      concentrations of PGE2 are infused in indomethacin blocked preparations, the
      difference in vascular reactivity between SHR and WKY is abolished. However, in
      adult rats the difference persists. It is concluded that enhanced prostaglandin
      synthesis in hypertension may participate in enhancing vascular reactivity.

PMID- 3867069
TI  - Specific hemodynamic effects of PGE2 and PGF1 alpha in the canine lung.
AB  - The differential effects of two pulmonary vasoconstrictors, prostaglandin E2
      (PGE2) and F1 alpha (PGF1 alpha) on capillary pressure and the distribution of
      vascular resistance were studied in isolated, blood perfused canine lung lobes.
      Each lobe was inflated to a constant airway pressure (3 cmH2O) and perfused in
      Zone III conditions at constant flow (431 +/- 36 ml/min). Pulmonary arterial and
      venous pressures were measured at the inflow and outflow orifices, respectively.
      Pulmonary capillary pressure (Pc) was determined via a double occlusion technique
      and pre- and postcapillary resistances calculated. PGE2 and PGF1 alpha,
      administered as rapid intra-arterial boluses (10-300 micrograms), increased
      arterial pressure in a dose-dependent fashion. However, at each dose, the
      increase in vascular resistance was more pronounced in postcapillary segments.
      The increase in postcapillary resistance was 5 and 3.5 times greater than the
      increase in precapillary resistance at the highest dose of PGE2 and PGF1 alpha
      used in this study, respectively (300 micrograms). As a result, Pc measured at
      the peak of the vascular response increased by 2 to 19 cmH2O over control values
      with PGE2 and by 5 to 13 cmH2O over control values with PGF1 alpha as the
      prostaglandin dose was varied from 10 to 300 micrograms. We conclude that the
      predominant effect of these prostanoids is to increase postcapillary resistance
      and pulmonary capillary pressure.

PMID- 3867070
TI  - [Studies on bulimia: some characteristics of clinical symptoms].

PMID- 3867071
TI  - Rating scales in the eating disorders.

PMID- 3867072
TI  - Visible light-activated composite resins for posterior use--a comparison of
      surface hardness and uniformity of cure. Update.

PMID- 3867073
TI  - Crossbite correction for a ten-month-old child: report of a case.

PMID- 3867074
TI  - Physiologic activity of the pulp-dentin complex.

PMID- 3867075
TI  - Dental caries prevalence in a Southeast Asian refugee population.

PMID- 3867076
TI  - Heavy charged particles in research and medicine. Proceedings of a symposium.
      Berkeley, California, May 1-3, 1985.

PMID- 3867077
TI  - Biochemistry of DNA lesions.
AB  - Ionizing radiation produces a range of damage types in cellular DNA. All damage
      types do not have the same biological significance. Here arguments are presented
      supporting the view that lesions in which damage is present on both strands in a
      local region of the DNA (locally multiply damaged sites--LMDS) will present
      problems for cellular repair processes. We have previously shown that lesions
      produced in DNA by individual OH radicals, i.e., single OH species acting alone,
      are ineffective in mammalian cell killing [J.F. Ward, W.F. Blakely, and E.I.
      Joner, Radiat. Res. 103, 383-392 (1985)]. We have similar evidence in mutagenesis
      studies (Ward and Calabro-Jones, unpublished data). Thus the formation of such
      damage by individual OH radicals formed by ionizing radiation would be similarly
      ineffectual. Earlier [J.F. Ward, Radiat. Res. 86, 185-195 (1981)] we suggested
      that OH-radical scavenging studies were consistent with the scavenging of OH
      radicals in volumes of high radical density, spurs, etc., i.e., in volumes which,
      when they overlap the DNA, will cause the production of LMDS. The individual
      constituent lesions of LMDS will be formed as a result of direct ionization or as
      a result of an OH-radical attack. Both mechanisms can lead to base damage or
      strand breakage. It is clear that damage in both bases of a deoxyribonucleotide
      pair leads to loss of base sequence information and can be repaired correctly
      only by accident or in a recombinational process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3867079
TI  - Complication probability as assessed from dose-volume histograms.
AB  - Optimization of a treatment plan for radiation therapy will produce a plan with
      the highest probability for tumor control without exceeding an acceptable
      complication rate. To achieve this goal it is necessary to have a means to
      estimate probabilities of local control and normal tissue complication. In
      general, good treatment plans deliver a high uniform dose to the target volume
      and lower doses to the surrounding normal tissues. The tolerance dose values
      available for various normal tissues are usually assumed to apply to partial or
      full volumes of the tissue which have been uniformly irradiated. These values are
      the best guidelines for estimating complication probabilities in tissues that
      receive a uniform dose to a fraction of the tissue and no dose to the remainder.
      Dose-volume histograms are one means of evaluating the uniformity of the
      irradiation on the tissues. Frequently the normal tissues are not uniformly
      irradiated as is demonstrated by dose-volume histograms for different treatment
      plans. A recursive algorithm which uses these tolerance dose data has been
      written and can be applied to arbitrary dose-volume histograms to estimate the
      complication probability.

PMID- 3867078
TI  - Heavy-ion effects on mammalian cells: inactivation measurements with different
      cell lines.
AB  - In track segment experiments, the inactivation of different mammalian cells by
      heavy charged particles between helium and uranium in the energy range between 1
      and 1000 MeV/u has been measured at the heavy ion accelerator Unilac, Darmstadt,
      the Tandem Van de Graaf, Heidelberg, and the Bevalac, Berkeley. The inactivation
      cross sections calculated from the final slope of the dose-effect curves are
      given as a function of the particle energy and the linear energy transfer.

PMID- 3867081
TI  - Comparison of transformation, chromosome aberrations, and reproductive death
      induced in cultured mammalian cells by neutrons of different energies.
AB  - Dose-effect relations for cell transformation and reproductive death induced in
      C3H/10T1/2 cells, NBCH-3 cells, and WAGR-2 cells by 300 kV X rays and
      monoenergetic fast neutrons of 0.5, 4.2, and 15 MeV energy have been analyzed on
      the basis of the relations F(D) = t1D + t2D2 and S(D)/S(0) = exp - (a1D + a2D2),
      respectively. Values of a1 are a factor of about 10(3) larger than corresponding
      values of t1, while the dependence on neutron energy is similar for both effects.
      RBE values and relations between the a1 and t1 values are compared with
      characteristics, derived from corresponding parameters for chromosome aberrations
      and reproductive death, induced in other cell lines after irradiation with the
      same neutron beams. A hypothesis is developed assuming that nonrandom structural
      changes at a restricted number of sites on one or more chromosomes are the
      primary causes of transformation of cultured mammalian cells by ionizing
      radiations, whereas similar but randomly distributed chromosomal changes, which
      are induced at many sites on all chromosomes, cause observable aberrations and
      reproductive death. Flow cytometry of chromosome suspensions has been used to
      demonstrate nonrandom changes of chromosomes in selected clones of transformed
      cells and of random changes of chromosomes in cells inactivated by X rays and
      neutrons.

PMID- 3867080
TI  - Cell-cycle-dependent recovery from heavy-ion damage in G1-phase cells.
AB  - The cell-cycle-dependent capacity of synchronized G1-phase human T-1 cells to
      repair damage from either 425 MeV/u Bragg peak neon ions or 225 kVp X rays has
      been compared. The dose-survival response to each radiation was measured at early
      (1.5 h), mid (3.0 h), and late (4.5 h) times after mitotic selection. In addition
      the age response was characterized by irradiating cell populations at seven ages
      between 1.5 and 6.0 h after mitosis with single doses of either radiation. Repair
      of potentially lethal damage (PLDR) was evaluated in both the dose-survival and
      age-response experiments by holding irradiated cultures at 37 degrees C for 6 h
      in PBS or PBS containing 60 microM of the DNA polymerase inhibitor 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosyladenine (beta-araA) before trypsinization and plating. Delayed
      plating showed significant PLDR at all ages irradiated with X rays, with up to 10
      fold increases of survival depending on the dose and the cell age at irradiation.
      There was negligible PLDR after neon-ion exposures to early and mid G1-phase
      cells; only late G1-phase cells repaired neon damage. The beta-araA treatment
      after X rays reduced the shoulder of the survival curves at all G1 ages studied,
      and in early and mid G1 reduced survival below the immediately plated control.
      beta-araA similarly reduced repair of PLD where it was measurable after neon
      ions. Differences between low- and high-LET radiation damage and repair are
      discussed.

PMID- 3867082
TI  - Neoplastic cell transformation by heavy charged particles.
AB  - With confluent cultures of the C3H10T1/2 mammalian cell line, we have
      investigated the effects of heavy-ion radiation on neoplastic cell
      transformation. Our quantitative data obtained with high-energy carbon, neon,
      silicon, argon, iron, and uranium particles show that RBE is both dose- and LET
      dependent for malignant cell transformation. RBE is higher at lower doses. There
      is an increase of RBE with LET, up to about 100-200 keV/micron, and a decrease of
      RBE with beams of higher LET values. Transformation lesions induced by heavy
      particles with LET values greater than 100 keV/micron may not be repairable in
      nonproliferating cells. RBE for slow and nonproliferating cells may be much
      higher than for actively growing cells.

PMID- 3867083
TI  - High-LET radiation carcinogenesis.
AB  - The dose-response curves for the induction of tumors by high-LET radiation are
      complex and are insufficiently understood. There is no model or formulation to
      describe the dose-response relationship over a range 0-100 rad. Evidence suggests
      that at doses below 20 rad the response is linear, at least for life shortening
      and some tumor systems. Thus limiting values of RBEs for the induction of cancer
      in various tissues can be determined, but it will require sufficient data
      obtained at low single doses or with small fractions. The results obtained from
      experiments with heavy ions indicate an initial linear response with a plateauing
      of the curve at a tumor incidence level that is dependent on the type of tissue.
      The RBE values for the heavy ions using 60Co gamma rays as the reference
      radiation increase with the estimated LET from 4 or 4H to about 27 for 56Fe and
      40Ar. The dose responses and RBEs for 56Fe and 40Ar are similar to those for
      fission neutrons. These findings suggest the possibility that the effectiveness
      for tumor induction reaches a maximum.

PMID- 3867084
TI  - Some perspectives on cataractogenesis from heavy charged particles.
AB  - Two sets of observations on cataractogenesis in the New Zealand white (NZW)
      rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) following localized exposure of optic and
      proximate tissues to heavy ions are reported. The experiments involved
      measurements of lenticular opacification in young (ca. 9 weeks old) rabbits
      caused by graded doses (0.5-5.0 Gy) of 460 MeV/u (incident energy) 56Fe ions and
      the effects of animal age (9 +/- 0.3 week, 1 +/- 0.5 year, and 4.5 +/- 1.3 year)
      on lenticular opacifications caused by 9 Gy of 400 MeV/u (incident energy) 20Ne
      ions. In substantiation of earlier results from NZW rabbits exposed to other low-
      and high-LET radiations, there was a dose-dependent onset of cataractogenesis
      following 56Fe-ion irradiation, with the highest doses causing the earliest
      appearance of cataracts. The level of stationary cataracts was also dependent on
      dose, and preliminary estimates of RBE yield values comparable to those found at
      similar doses (0.5-5.0 Gy) by others with populations of cultured cells. With
      increasing age at the time of exposure to 20Ne ions, the onset of lenticular
      opacification was delayed progressively and the level of stationary cataracts was
      reduced, but the onset and progression of late cataractogenesis was most rapid in
      the oldest group of animals. A discussion of the use of cataract measurements in
      risk assessment is included in this article.

PMID- 3867085
TI  - Chronic effects of neutrons and charged particles on spinal cord, lung, and
      rectum.
AB  - The effects of multifraction irradiation with X rays, neutrons, and pions on the
      rat cervical and lumbar spinal cord, mouse lung, and rat rectum have been
      investigated. The linear-quadratic model was used to analyze the effectiveness
      per unit dose for various tissue responses. It is concluded that the dependence
      of tolerance doses on fraction size is considerably reduced for both intermediate
      (pions) and high-LET (neutrons) radiations, as shown by the observed alpha/beta
      ratios in the range of 20-50. With accurately defined alpha/beta values for
      various tissues and types of radiation, the same tolerance formalisms can be used
      as proposed for low-LET radiation. The effectiveness of pion irradiation shows a
      significant dependence on dose rate when treatment times are long and repair of
      subeffective damage occurs during the irradiations. For late effects in spinal
      cord, lung, and rectum, RBE values of pions are 1.5 or less at doses per fraction
      in the range of 1.2-4.5 Gy.

PMID- 3867086
TI  - Predictors of tumor response to radiotherapy.
AB  - The present method for predicting the radiocurability of individual human tumors
      is based upon considerations of tumor size, site, histological type and grade,
      and host factors such as sex and age. Small tumors located such that normal
      tissues do not seriously limit total dose and those with "favorable" histology
      are more radiocurable than large tumors located over a critical normal tissue.
      However, the precision of prognosis based upon those features is relatively low.
      The need for other parameters for more accurate predictability is greater than
      ever because of the existence of different radiation modalities, including
      neutrons, and the development of a broad range of chemotherapeutic drugs that can
      be used alone or in combination with radiation and surgery. In this laboratory we
      are testing the micronucleus (MN) assay for measuring the relative biological
      effectiveness of high- and low-LET irradiations in mouse tumors and a new primary
      human tumor cell culture system for making direct measurements of tumor cell
      radiosensitivity. The potential usefulness of these two systems in predicting
      human tumor response to radiotherapy is discussed.

PMID- 3867087
TI  - Early production of radicals from charged particle tracks in water.
AB  - An overview is presented of the early production of water radicals due to the
      passage of fast charged particles. It starts with energy deposition in tracks
      followed by the time scale of events of importance to radiation chemistry and
      radiobiology. Primary radical yields and reaction schemes, considered independent
      of particle LET but functions of the phase of the medium, are discussed within
      the framework of diffusion kinetics. Taking these primary G values (i.e., 100-eV
      yield) of OH, e-aq, and H as 5.70, 4.78, and 0.62, respectively, in liquid water,
      simple examples are provided for the evolution of the radical species. Finally,
      attention is drawn to some special physical features of fast, heavy charged
      particle tracks.

PMID- 3867088
TI  - Lethal, potentially lethal, and nonlethal damage induction by heavy ions in
      cultured human cells.
AB  - In the fields of high-LET radiotherapy and space radiation safety it is important
      to know the relative probabilities with which a cell whose nucleus is struck by a
      heavy ion will be damaged or killed. Experiments were performed in which
      synchronous cultured human T-1 cells (presumptive HeLa) were irradiated with
      natural alpha particles of energy approximately 3.5 MeV at various times after
      mitotic selection up to the middle of S phase. Nuclear-area histograms were
      determined as a function of time after mitosis under conditions identical to
      those used for irradiation. The efficiency with which one particle passing
      through the nucleus killed a cell was found to be 0.14-0.20. This value was
      extrapolated to experimental cell survival data obtained when asynchronous
      cultured human cells were irradiated with He, Li, B, C, N, O, Ne, Ar ions of
      energy 6.58 or 5.5 MeV/amu, and the cell killing efficiency was found to be in
      the broad range of 0.5-1.0 under single-hit conditions. Similarly irradiated
      cells were examined for colony-size distribution by an image analysis technique,
      and it was found that the loss of large colonies was dose and LET-dependent in a
      systematic way. Dose-response data suggest two predominant subpopulations,
      resistant and sensitive cells, and it appears that the sensitive population is
      affected by single-hit kinetics. The single-hit coefficient for the induction of
      inherited slow growth varied with LET in a similar way to that for survival. The
      action cross section for this form of heritable damage appears to be comparable
      to the geometric cross section of the cell nucleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3867090
TI  - Saturable repair models of radiation action in mammalian cells.
AB  - Most quantitative models of radiation action in mammalian cells make the implicit
      assumption that all relevant repair processes proceed in a dose-independent
      manner. Thus it is implicitly assumed that the repair processes (1) follow
      totally unsaturated kinetics, (2) are not themselves inactivated by the
      radiation, and (3) are not enhanced by the presence of radiation damage.
      Contradiction of any of these three assumptions could have important theoretical
      and practical implications. The possible relevance of (1) and (2) in mammalian
      cells is discussed by considering a selection of saturable repair (and related)
      models. Repair inactivation is improbable, but repair saturation provides a ready
      explanation of common radiobiological phenomena without the need for the
      existence of "sublethal" damage. Furthermore, such models can "explain"
      additional phenomena which appear as contradictions to some sublethal damage
      models. Recent experiments by Wheeler and Wierowski have demonstrated the
      existence of dose-dependent repair of DNA damage in mammalian cells.

PMID- 3867089
TI  - An alternative to absorbed dose, quality, and RBE at low exposures.
AB  - The microdosimetric distribution of event sizes, especially for small exposures
      and high-LET radiation, represents both a fractional involvement of the exposed
      cell population and variable amounts of energy transferred to the "hit" cells. To
      determine the fraction of cells that will respond quantally (be transformed)
      after receiving a hit of a given size, a hit size effectiveness function (HSEF)
      which appears to have a threshold has been derived from experimental data for
      pink mutations in Tradescantia. The value of the HSEF at each event size,
      multiplied by the fractional number of cells hit at that event size, and summed
      over all event sizes, yields a single value representing the fractional number of
      quantally responding cells and thus the population impairment for a given
      exposure. The HSEF can be obtained by unfolding (deconvoluting) several sets of
      biological and microdosimetric data obtained with radiation of overlapping event
      size distributions.

PMID- 3867091
TI  - Dual radiation action and the initial slope of survival curves.
AB  - The concepts and tools of the Theory of Dual Radiation Action (e.g., proximity
      functions and gamma distributions) are outlined, and their connection to single
      event cell inactivation is exemplified by an analysis and interpretation of the
      cross-section data obtained by Todd. It is shown that the biological effect of
      individual charged particles is dominated by the combined action of a few delta
      rays.

PMID- 3867092
TI  - The repair-misrepair model in radiobiology: comparison to other models.
AB  - Biological phenomena related to the inactivation of eukaryotic cells by noxious
      agents have been formulated mathematically in the repair-misrepair (RMR) model by
      separately quantitating the initial submicroscopic production of molecular
      lesions and the later, macroscopic expression of effects in the course of cell
      progression and repair. This paper presents some conceptual and quantitative
      similarities and differences between the RMR and seven other models proposed for
      cellular radiobiology including: the linear-quadratic, three-lambda, cubic
      survival, target theory, hit-size probability, cybernetic, and lethal-potentially
      lethal models. The comparison of the various approaches has shown that the RMR
      model can be generalized to show relationships with each.

PMID- 3867094
TI  - An expedient and effective method for the relining of dental prostheses.

PMID- 3867095
TI  - Labial bow fabrication.

PMID- 3867097
TI  - A look at German dental technology with Guido Braun and Horst Grundler, M.D.T.

PMID- 3867093
TI  - Effects of dietary saturated, N-6 and N-3 polyunsaturated fats on blood pressure
      and prostaglandins outflow from perfused mesenteric vascular bed in rats.
AB  - Effects of the dietary administration of saturated fat and of n-6 and n-3
      polyunsaturates on blood pressure, prostaglandin metabolism in small vessels,
      tissue fatty acid distribution and urinary PGE2 excretion were compared. Rats
      were divided into three groups. Diets contained 10% hydrogenated coconut oil
      (HCO), 10% safflower oil (SFO) or 10% cod liver oil (CLO) added to a basic fat
      free diet for 10 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was increased in the CLO group
      animals. Urinary PGE2 excretion was decreased in the HCO and CLO groups as
      compared to that in the SFO group animals. PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and
      thromboxane (Tx) B2 outflow from isolated perfused mesenteric arterial beds were
      extremely decreased in the CLO group animals, and to a lesser extent in the HCO
      group as compared to the SFO animals. In the tissue phospholipid, 20:3n-9/20:4n-6
      ratios were increased in the HCO group indicating essential fatty acid
      deficiency, and n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturates were elevated in the SFO and the CLO
      group animals respectively. Arachidonic acid concentration was highest in the SFO
      group, while there was no significant differences between the HCO and the CLO
      group. These results suggest that dietary fatty acid manipulation affects urinary
      PGE2 excretion and PGI2, PGE2 and TxA2 synthesis in mesenteric arterial beds and
      also changes the tissue fatty acid distribution. Furthermore, n-3 polyunsaturates
      caused an extreme reduction of 2-series PGs synthesis in small resistance
      vessels.

PMID- 3867096
TI  - Interview aid for applicants.

PMID- 3867098
TI  - Changes in body temperature and metabolic rate following microinjection of Met
      enkephalinamide in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamus of rats.
AB  - The effects of Met-enkephalinamide (MET-ENKamide) on brain temperature (Tb) and
      metabolic rate (MR) were assessed following direct administration into the
      preoptic/anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH) of freely moving rats. Bilateral
      microinjections of saline or MET-ENKamide (1-25 micrograms/microliter) were
      delivered through cannula guide tubes previously implanted in nine animals.
      Thiorphan, an enkephalinase inhibitor, was microinjected into the PO/AH of two of
      the animals. All injections were made remotely at an ambient temperature of 22 +/
      1 degree C in a volume of 1 microliter. Measurements of Tb (via a brain-dwelling
      thermistor) and MR were recorded continuously. The ability of naloxone to
      antagonize the effects of MET-ENKamide was investigated by fashioning a double
      barreled injection cannula to fit within each guide tube; 1 microliter of saline
      or naloxone (1-10 micrograms) was delivered bilaterally into the PO/AH followed
      by 1 microliter of MET-ENKamide (25 micrograms) 5-10 min later. PO/AH
      administration of MET-ENKamide (1-25 micrograms) produced dose-dependent
      increases in Tb preceded by dose-dependent increases in MR, with a characteristic
      time course of approximately 30 min. Naloxone antagonized the rise in Tb and MR,
      either partially or completely, depending on dose. When administered alone,
      naloxone had no effect on Tb or MR. Microinjection of thiorphan (10 micrograms)
      into the PO/AH evoked increases in Tb and MR that were similar to those responses
      induced by MET-ENKamide. These results support a role for endogenous Met
      enkephalin in the regulation of Tb in the rat.

PMID- 3867099
TI  - [A model of the physiologic occlusion in a civilized society].

PMID- 3867100
TI  - [Reimplantation of impacted canines in adolescents].

PMID- 3867101
TI  - [Resection in the treatment of osteosarcoma of the limbs. Is amputation still
      indicated?].
AB  - The authors have treated 30 cases of limb sarcoma by conservative surgery since
      1980. During this period only one limb had to be amputated. The follow-up period
      is short and this is a preliminary report. The early results of cases treated by
      resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy appear to be encouraging. Up
      to date, only one recurrence has occurred which has been treated by another local
      resection with no further recurrence 18 months later. 10 patients have had
      metastasis: 6 died--3 metastasis were resected with success and the patients are
      still alive. It is concluded that amputation is rarely, indicated, provided there
      is adequate initial information about the extent of the tumour and continuing
      post-operative co-operation between Surgeon and Physician.

PMID- 3867103
TI  - [Interactions between prostaglandins and 1,3-dimethylxanthine derivatives].

PMID- 3867102
TI  - [Conservative surgical treatment in osteogenic sarcoma of the limbs].
AB  - The authors have treated a first series of 46 cases of osteogenic sarcoma of a
      limb by local resection between 1975 and April 1983. Cases with metastases were
      excluded. The surgical procedures used for reconstruction are described. The
      patients were operated on first and then treated by chemotherapy using several
      schemes of treatment. After an average follow-up of three years, 26 patients
      appeared to be free of any recurrence or metastasis. The importance of an
      extensive resection followed by appropriate chemotherapy is stressed. In a second
      series of 37 cases treated between May 1983 and March 1984, the patients were
      first treated by chemotherapy (methotrexate in high dosage and CDDP by intra
      arterial perfusion) and then operated on. In the second series, the percentage of
      tumour necrosis seen in resected cases was found to be very high.

PMID- 3867104
TI  - What is a business plan? Why should my lab have one? How to do it?--Part II.

PMID- 3867106
TI  - Improving profit the easy way--with a materials purchasing and control system.

PMID- 3867105
TI  - How to decide--to buy or not to buy that piece of equipment for my laboratory.

PMID- 3867107
TI  - Requirements, properties and classification of alloys.

PMID- 3867108
TI  - Loa loa: development and course of patency in experimentally-infected primates.
AB  - Loa loa infections were studied in baboons, rhesus and patas monkeys. Animals
      were infected either by s.c. injection of third-stage larvae (L 3) or by surgical
      implantation of juvenile worms of known age, sex and number. Microfilaremia was
      first detected in baboons at 140 days following inoculation of L 3 and at 142
      days and 143 days in patas and rhesus monkeys, respectively; the mean prepatent
      period was 151 days in baboons, 149 days in patas monkeys and 169 days in rhesus
      monkeys. The primary wave of microfilariae (mf) was suppressed by the spleen in
      all three primate species. In baboons, the initial wave of mf lasted from 11 to
      46 weeks (mean: 22 weeks), whereas in patas monkeys it persisted for 47 to 60
      weeks, and in rhesus monkeys for 1 to 2 years. Gross and microscopical changes in
      the spleen were noted in all three primate species and consisted of numerous
      granulomata in the red pulp underlying the capsule. A resurgence of mf was
      observed following splenectomy in all three species of monkeys. Postsplenectomy
      levels of microfilaremia typically exceeded presplenectomy levels. One pair of
      worms was sufficient to produce patent infections in monkeys for extended periods
      of time. However, levels of microfilaremia were lower than in monkeys which
      received 75 and 200 to 300 L 3, although some overlap in microfilaremias between
      groups did occur. Overall, there was no proportional relationship between levels
      of microfilaremia and numbers of adult worms recovered from monkeys at necropsy.
      It was observed that, in the primate host, Loa is a long-lived parasite. Living
      worms were recovered from the tissues as long as 9 years after inoculation and
      there was no reason to doubt that patency would have persisted for some time into
      the future. Adult worms were frequently observed moving freely in the
      subcutaneous tissues of the primate hosts, although no instance of Calabar
      swellings or the presence of worms in or around the eye were ever recorded. The
      primate model of loiasis is an especially useful system because of the
      predictability of the behavior of the parasite. In most regards, the behavior of
      L. loa in the primate host is comparable to observations on the parasi e in
      man.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3867109
TI  - Loa loa: antibody responses in experimentally infected baboons and rhesus
      monkeys.
AB  - Antibody responses to Loa loa in experimentally infected baboons and rhesus
      monkeys were measured using an adult L. loa antigen in a kinetic enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay. Animals were infected with infective stage larvae or by
      transplantation of juvenile worms. There were no differences between host species
      in antibody response and there was no relationship between adult worm numbers
      recovered at necropsy and antibody level. Antibody levels tended to be inversely
      correlated to the number of circulating microfilariae and decreased concommitant
      with the onset of patency. Following an initial wave, suppression of the
      microfilaremia was observed. Although the microfilaremia recrudesced following
      splenectomy, no changes in the antibody levels were noted pre or postsplenectomy.
      An antibody response was not demonstrable in baboons infected by transplantation
      of juvenile worms. Although a primary suppression of the microfilaremia by the
      spleen still occurred.

PMID- 3867110
TI  - European Thrombosis Research Organization workshop on disseminated intravascular
      coagulation. Definition, experimental investigations, laboratory diagnosis and
      treatment of DIC and similar proteolytic states.

PMID- 3867111
TI  - Normal antithrombin-III activity and concentration in experimental disseminated
      intravascular coagulation.

PMID- 3867112
TI  - Clearance characteristics of des-AA fibrin and des-AABB fibrin, and thrombus
      related uptake of des-AABB fibrin as compared to fibrinogen.
AB  - The following paper presents a short review of previous studies relating to the
      behaviour in man of radiolabelled fibrins des-AA and des-AABB, as compared to
      that of radiolabelled fibrinogen. Des-AA fibrin was eliminated with a half-life
      of 30 to 60 min in eight healthy controls, but its half-life was substantially
      shorter in eight fibrinaemic patients with no demonstrable fibrinolysis.
      Clearance of des-AABB fibrin was studied in thirteen patients with established
      venous thrombosis, all subjected to a concomitant fibrin(ogen) uptake test. There
      was no essential difference in its half-life in patients with a positive
      fibrinogen uptake test (n = 7) as compared to those with a negative test (n = 6).
      The metabolic half-life of des-AABB fibrin was 10 +/- 3.5 hrs. The uptake of
      labelled des-AABB fibrin by thrombi was similar to that of labelled fibrinogen
      during the first hours after injection, but only fibrinogen could reflect a
      continuous build-up of thrombi, due to its longer survival time.

PMID- 3867113
TI  - Chromogenic peptide substrate assays for determining components of the plasma
      kallikrein system.
AB  - Methods for plasma prekallikrein, kallikrein like activity, kallikrein inhibitors
      and inhibitors of beta FXIIa using chromogenic peptide substrates are outlined.
      Results with these assays are described and discussed. Substrates for alpha and
      beta FXIIa are also described and the possibilities of a direct chromogenic
      substrate assay for FXII are discussed.

PMID- 3867114
TI  - Measurement of crosslinked fibrin derivatives in plasma and ascitic fluid with
      monoclonal antibodies against D dimer using EIA and latex test.
AB  - D dimer and related crosslinked fibrin derivatives were measured in plasma of
      normal subjects and in patients with various disorders. In 23 healthy, young
      females low plasma levels were found (mean 47 ng/ml). In 12 patients with deep
      vein thrombosis, moderately elevated levels (mean 593 ng/ml) were seen. Higher
      levels were found in 6 patients with pulmonary embolism (mean 3,337 ng/ml). The
      highest values occurred in 4 patients with severe intravascular coagulation
      (31,000 to 390,000 ng/ml). In 22 patients with ovarian cancer and in 21 patients
      with other gynecologic carcinoma, normal to highly elevated levels of D dimer
      like material were found. These values corresponded well to concentrations of
      tumor marker CA 125, measured in the same samples, and to tumor activities staged
      in these patients based on clinical examinations. Very high values of crosslinked
      fibrin derivatives (75,000-525,000 ng/ml) were determined in ascitic fluid of
      patients with ovarian cancer.

PMID- 3867115
TI  - Detection of fibrin in plasma by a monoclonal antibody against the amino-terminus
      of the alpha-chain of fibrin.

PMID- 3867116
TI  - Blood coagulation and fibrinolytic factors as well as their inhibitors in trauma.
AB  - Tests generally accepted in the diagnosis of DIC were evaluated in 13 patients
      with multiple trauma. The blood samples were drawn on admission before treatment
      with blood, blood products or heparin. The tests included platelet count,
      prothrombin complex (Normotest/Thrombotest), Factor V, Factor VIII:C, fibrinogen,
      fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), thrombin and Reptilase times as well as
      the ethanol gelation test (fibrin monomer). Based on the results of the tests,
      the patients were categorized into DIC, suspected DIC and no DIC groups. It was
      found that those patients who were referred to the DIC group were also those who
      later developed the most severe organ dysfunction and who stayed the longest time
      in the Intensive Care Unit. Thus, the clinical and laboratory findings agreed.
      The Normotest/Thrombotest ratio, thrombin times and Reptilase times, and presence
      of fibrin monomers were of limited value for the diagnosis of DIC. To make a
      correct diagnosis, the results of several of the conventional tests had to be
      combined. Additional tests were then evaluated. An increase of the fibrinopeptide
      A (FPA) level and the Factor VIIIR:Ag (vWF:Ag)/Factor VIII:C ratio in all the DIC
      patients as well as a decrease of the antithrombin (AT) level in some DIC
      patients indicated thrombin activity and a risk of thromboembolic events. A
      decrease of plasminogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin indicated activation of the
      fibrinolytic system. It is concluded that these new tests are useful in the
      diagnosis and treatment of DIC and similar proteolytic states.

PMID- 3867117
TI  - The occurrence of fibrinogens of different molecular weights in disseminated
      intravascular coagulation.

PMID- 3867118
TI  - Analyses of factor XII, prekallikrein and kallikrein inhibitory capacity in
      patients with laboratory signs of DIC.
AB  - We investigated 22 severely ill patients (21 surgical, 1 medical) at the
      intensive care unit. Analyses of platelet count, Normotest, antithrombin III, FDP
      and fibrinogen were used to divide the patients into three diagnostic groups: DIC
      (3 positive tests), suspected DIC (2 positive tests) and No DIC. Using these
      criteria 9, 8 and 5 patients were referred to these diagnostic groups,
      respectively. Factor XII and prekallikrein did not differ significantly between
      the three diagnostic groups. On the other hand the capacity of the patient plasma
      to inhibit kallikrein was significantly lower in the DIC group. The decrease of
      kallikrein inhibitory capacity was correlated to the decrease of antithrombin III
      and alpha 2-antiplasmin. Out of the 22 patients in the study 8 patients died, 5
      of these were in the DIC group. Non-surviving patients showed lower values of the
      protease inhibitors than survivors. It is concluded that in this type of patients
      and with the laboratory methods used contact phase factors do not seem to be
      affected in DIC. Analyses of the kallikrein inhibitory capacity, antithrombin and
      alpha 2-antiplasmin on the other hand seem to be of interest to measure, though
      the decrease of these inhibitors could be due to consumption as well as to
      reduced protein synthesis. Further studies are needed to prove the prognostic
      value of assaying these protease inhibitors.

PMID- 3867119
TI  - To the discussion on the definition of DIC and its treatment.

PMID- 3867120
TI  - Studies on pathological plasma proteolysis in patients with septicemia.
AB  - Plasma proteolysis was studied in surgical patients with septicemia by means of
      chromogenic peptide substrate assays. Using these methods both levels of
      proenzyme, functional inhibition capacity and enzyme activities indicating alpha
      2-macroglobulin protease complexes were determined. In fatal cases continuous low
      values for prekallikrein, plasminogen and antithrombin III were found until
      death. At autopsy a persistent septic focus was found in all but one of the fatal
      cases. Very low levels of prekallikrein during sepsis and reduced functional
      inhibition of plasma kallikrein in septic shock indicated a poor prognosis. In
      the survivors the parameters returned towards the normal range upon successful
      therapy. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates the application of a new parameter,
      the Proenzymes functional inhibition index (PFI-index) in patients with
      septicemia. The data reveal that by means of this parameter, patients at high
      risks can be identified at an earlier stage of the disease than previously done.

PMID- 3867121
TI  - Meningococcal septicemia: the use of plasmapheresis or blood exchange and how to
      detect severe endotoxin induced white cell activation.

PMID- 3867122
TI  - Plasmapheresis in the treatment of severe meningococcal or pneumococcal
      septicaemia with DIC and fibrinolysis. Preliminary data on eight patients.
AB  - Plasmapheresis (50 ml fresh frozen plasma/kg body weight per session--total 9-11
      liters) was performed within 36 hours of the onset of septicaemia in 7 patients
      (1 woman and 6 men, age 14-48 years). One 8 year old girl was treated with
      exchange blood transfusion (2 liters). All had symptoms of severe septic shock
      caused by Neisseria meningitidis (6) or by Streptococcus pneumoniae (2). All
      patients demonstrated signs of DIC and concomitant fibrinolysis with low platelet
      values, normal to low fibrinogen levels, circulating soluble fibrin and
      increasing amounts of FDP. Persistent extreme values were observed in 2 patients
      that died, whereas coagulation/fibrinolysis parameters frequently improved during
      plasmapheresis and gradually (more than 6 days) returned to normal values in the
      survivors. Although plasmapheresis was largely successful and signs of DIC and
      fibrinolysis were normalized, 2 patients died and 1 survived with severe
      sequelae. Thus, it remains to accumulate more data to conclude if plasmapheresis
      is beneficial in the treatment of severe septic shock and DIC.

PMID- 3867123
TI  - Serial determinations of platelets, leucocytes and coagulation parameters in
      surgical septicemia.
AB  - The prognostic and therapeutic information obtained by serial determinations of
      platelets, leucocytes, Normotest (NT), Thrombotest (TT), fibrinogen
      concentrations and the ethanol gelation test (EGT) was evaluated in 18 surgical
      patients with septicemia. Nine of these patients died and autopsy revealed a
      persistent septic focus in all but one. In this last patient only microscopic
      changes after an intra-abdominal abscess evacuated 14 days prior to death was
      found. Consecutive platelet counts provided valuable prognostic and therapeutic
      information during the course of septicemia. Within two weeks after start of
      therapy, this parameter had returned towards the normal range in the survivors
      whereas continuous low platelet counts were observed until death in the patients
      with a persistent septic focus. The initial degrees of thrombocytopenia did not
      discriminate between survivors and non-survivors. Serial leucocyte counts did not
      give information of prognostic or therapeutic value in either group during the
      observation period. NT- and TT-values were significantly lower in the fatal cases
      than in the survivors during the first week of septicemia. Moreover, TT seemed to
      be a better early discriminator between survivors and non-survivors than NT.
      Neither fibrinogen concentrations nor the EGT provided information of prognostic
      or therapeutic value in this study.

PMID- 3867124
TI  - Fibrinolysis inhibition in acute respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - To evaluate the availability of the fibrinolytic system in patients suffering
      from acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS, induced by septicemia or trauma,
      the following parameters were analysed: fibrinogen, FG, antithrombin III, AT III,
      plasma prekallikrein, PPK, plasminogen, PG, alpha 2-antiplasmin, alpha 2-AP,
      alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 2-MG, urokinase-inhibitor, UK-I, streptokinase
      inhibitor, SK-I, C1-inhibitor, C1-I, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-AT, and
      fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products, FDP. Survivors and non-survivors of
      septicemia induced ARDS showed a characteristic feature: marked increase of FG
      and pronounced decrease of AT III and PPK in the coagulation system; concerning
      the fibrinolytic system a decrease of PG, alpha 2-AP and alpha 2-MG as well as an
      increase of inhibitors of PG-activators (PG-antiactivators) UK-I, SK-I, C1-I and
      alpha 1-AT; the FDP-titer was elevated. This constellation of parameters is
      interpreted as indicative of a marked procoagulant stimulation rendering the
      organism a state of hypercoagulability coinciding with a diminished availability
      of the fibrinolytic system, due to exhaustion of the fibrinolytic potential and
      increase of PG-antiactivators. In the trauma group initially the rise of FG, SK
      I, C1-I and alpha 1-AT is absent independent of the outcome, but develops with
      progression of the disease. As ARDS is more frequently associated with
      septicemia, diminished availability of the fibrinolytic system simultaneously
      with increased procoagulant stimulation may be a particular pathophysiologic
      mechanism in the pathogenesis of ARDS.

PMID- 3867125
TI  - Heparin-enhanced inhibitors during reversible disseminated intravascular
      coagulation.
AB  - Intravenous injection of homologous lung or brain tissue thromboplastin in dogs
      under general anesthesia induced changes of conventional hemostasis variables
      consistent with acute DIC (prolongation of prothrombin times, thrombin times,
      APTT, drop of fibrinogen and a transient reduction of the platelet count). The
      animals reacted with accelerated respiration and pulse rates. After recovery from
      anesthesia they resumed their normal activity as before. Fibrinogen reached a
      minimum within 40 min after the DIC trigger dose had been injected. Dependent on
      the size of the latter up to 80% of clottable fibrinogen was consumed. No
      consumption of antithrombin III and heparin cofactor II could be demonstrated by
      functional assays based on thrombin inhibition by diluted plasma in the presence
      of heparin or dermatan sulfate. Prothrombin measured amidolytically by an Echis
      Carinatus venom assay remained practically unchanged. These findings are
      consistent with free thrombin concentrations in the nanomolar range sufficient to
      clot fibrinogen rapidly without visibly affecting the up to 1,000 fold higher
      concentrations of inhibitors and prothrombin. Heparin administered before tissue
      thromboplastin virtually suppressed the evolution of DIC but its protective
      effect was overcome by higher trigger doses. Heparin injected after the induction
      of DIC had no protective effect. The reversible DIC model in dogs may be a
      promising tool to study activated coagulation in vivo at practically constant
      inhibitor concentrations. One dog can be used for several acute experiments with
      homologous tissue thromboplastin, thus the number of animals and their costs may
      remain within reasonable limits.

PMID- 3867126
TI  - Blood coagulation in pregnancy induced hypertension.
AB  - Decreased plasma levels of antithrombin III (AT III) are observed in women with
      severe pregnancy-induced or aggravated hypertension. Low AT III levels correlate
      with the platelet count and with symptoms of maternal and foetal morbidity.
      Therefore, in clinical practice both the platelet count and the plasma AT III
      levels provide significant information regarding the clotting disturbances in
      toxemic patients. Established AT III deficiency may explain the enhanced post
      partum thrombosis risk in these patients. Primary prophylaxis in patients
      undergoing caesarean section with oral anticoagulants is preferred because of an
      observed enhanced bleeding tendency upon heparin prophylaxis.

PMID- 3867127
TI  - Increased in vitro tetraploidy: a possible biomarker of non-heritable colorectal
      cancer?
AB  - In vitro tetraploidy (IVT+) in dermal fibroblast monolayer cultures has been
      studied in a series of patients with non-syndrome colon cancer and a control
      group to determine its value in identification of genetic predisposition for all
      colon cancers and its relevance to colon cancer occurrence on the basis of
      clinical history and pedigree data. Among 41 patients with colon cancer 18 (44%)
      had IVT+. In the control group 3 of 34 individuals (9%) showed IVT+. The
      difference is statistically significant (p less than 0.001). There was no
      correlation between a positive family cancer history, sex, age, or the presence
      of IVT+. Further studies using this possible in vitro biomarker may clarify the
      role of genetics in non-syndrome colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3867128
TI  - Gastrointestinal immunology. Proceedings of the eighth symposium in a series on
      Basic Science in Gastroenterology. London, UK, 11 September 1984.

PMID- 3867129
TI  - Gut-liver interactions in the IgA system.
AB  - Recent experimental work in rodents has demonstrated that the liver can function
      as an 'IgA-pump', transporting polymeric IgA from serum to bile via a secretory
      component mediated uptake at the surface of the hepatic parenchymal cell. Studies
      are surveyed which indicate that, although this process occurs in man, it is to a
      strikingly lesser degree, and interruption of this pathway does not explain the
      high serum IgA levels often seen in chronic liver disease: the explanation for
      this lies in enhanced synthesis of IgA, and diminished polymeric IgA catabolism
      unrelated to hepatobiliary transport.

PMID- 3867130
TI  - Leukaemia cell mobility in childhood acute myeloid leukaemia based on the FAB
      classification.
AB  - Leukaemia cell mobility was evaluated by the agarose plate method in 20 children
      with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) based on the FAB classification. M1 blasts
      from 3 patients did not show any migration, probably reflecting their cellular
      immaturity. Leukaemia cells from 3 of 8 patients with M2 AML showed random
      migration, but those from the remaining 5 did not have this ability. The results
      thus demonstrated the heterogeneity of M2 AML in the function as well as the
      morphology. The M3 leukaemia cells failed to migrate under agarose in 2 patients
      studied, implying that a certain cytoskeletal defect in the cells. In all of 2
      M4, 2 M5A and 3 M5B AML patients, leukaemia cells showed active mobility. The
      random migration value (mean +/- SD) of M5A and M5B cells was 5.7 +/- 1.7
      compared with that of normal monocytes of 4.0 +/- 0.4 (p less than 0.01),
      indicating the enhanced random migration of leukaemia monocytes. M4 and M5B
      leukaemia cells had chemotactic responsiveness to zymosan-activated serum
      comparable to that of normal monocytes, but M5A cells were different from them in
      lacking apparent chemotactic responsiveness to the factor. Lymphadenopathy and
      leucocytosis were more prominent in the patients whose leukaemia cells were
      capable of migration than in those not having such cells. Mobility of leukaemia
      cells probably reflects their cell lineage, cellular maturity and functional
      distortion during leukaemic transformation, and appears to be related to clinical
      features.

PMID- 3867131
TI  - Levels of C-reactive protein in patients with hematologic malignancies.
AB  - The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were assayed in 282 serial sera of 70
      patients with hematologic malignancies who were under antineoplastic medication,
      and surveyed with frequent blood cultures. The mean peak value of CRP in febrile
      patients with bacteriologically verified sepsis was 162 mg/l and differed
      significantly (p less than 0.001) from that (23 mg/l) of afebrile patients with
      negative blood cultures, but not from that (115 mg/l) of febrile patients without
      confirmed bacteremia. All the values in afebrile patients with negative blood
      cultures were less than 100 mg/l; 71% of their peak values were less than 40
      mg/l. Thus the malignancy itself or its treatment did not considerably mount CRP
      response.

PMID- 3867132
TI  - Motility of the human ureter, with special reference to the effect of
      indomethacin.
AB  - Ureteral motility was studied in isolated preparations obtained from 19 patients
      at surgery. Contraction was monitored in an organ bath and contraction recorded
      isometrically. In all but one patient rhythmic activity with a frequency of 2.0
      +/- 0.3 contractions/min was recorded. In 6 patients contractions had to be
      elicited by stimulation with prostaglandin E2 or F2 alpha. In the remaining cases
      motility started spontaneously within 30 min. In patients with bilharzia
      nephropathy various pathological types of contraction were recorded. Motility was
      dose-dependently inhibited with indomethacin.

PMID- 3867133
TI  - [Chronic myeloid leukemia: multivariant analysis of initial findings regarding
      its effect on mean life expectancy].
AB  - Clinical signs, complete blood counts and bone marrow differential counts at the
      time of diagnosis were investigated in 75 consecutive patients with chronic
      myelogenous leukemia in a study of prognostic parameters. All patients were
      followed until death (62 patients) or for a mean follow-up time of 69 months (13
      patients). Clinical signs and hematological values were analyzed by univariate
      and multivariate statistical methods. The only parameter relevant to mean
      survival time in multivariate analysis is the percentage of bone marrow
      myeloblasts at diagnosis. Patients with less than 5% myeloblasts at diagnosis had
      a mean survival time of 48 months compared with 16 months for those with greater
      than or equal to 5% (p less than 0.01).

PMID- 3867134
TI  - [Urinary fluoride excretion of schoolchildren in connection with table salt
      fluoridation].

PMID- 3867135
TI  - [Evaluation of the clinical behavior of 8 non-gamma-2 amalgams using standardized
      macrophotographic and microphotographic methods. I. The 1-year follow-up].

PMID- 3867136
TI  - [Peripheral concentrations and distribution of a combination of anti-infective
      agents (spiramycin-metronidazole) in diabetics].

PMID- 3867137
TI  - [Behavior of the dentist and his coworkers towards patients at an increased risk
      of infection].

PMID- 3867138
TI  - [There is no reason not to breast feed!].

PMID- 3867139
TI  - [A new device for root canal preparation].

PMID- 3867140
TI  - Availability of fluoride added to various brands of alimentary salt used in
      Southern and Central America.

PMID- 3867141
TI  - [Multifactorial etiology of a disease based on the example of retentio
      secundinarum in cattle].

PMID- 3867142
TI  - Family medicine junior clerkship.

PMID- 3867143
TI  - [The occlusal surface of deciduous mandibular 2d molars].

PMID- 3867144
TI  - [Morphological studies on the greater alar cartilage of the fetus].

PMID- 3867145
TI  - [Phonetic analysis in patients with mandibular protrusion].

PMID- 3867146
TI  - [Experimental studies on the healing process after hydroxyapatite (HAP)
      implantation in rabbit mandible. Comparison of porous HAP and dense HAP].

PMID- 3867147
TI  - [Response characteristics of slow-adapting units innervating the molar buccal
      gingiva and alveolar mucosa of the cat mandible to repetitive mechanical
      stimulation].

PMID- 3867148
TI  - [An experimental study on the tarnishing of dental casting Ag-In and Ag-Sn system
      alloys].

PMID- 3867149
TI  - [Somatosensory evoked potentials in human teeth using a bond-type electrodes and
      the effect of orthodontic force].

PMID- 3867150
TI  - [Longitudinal observations on the dental arch, vertical dimension, overlap of
      anterior teeth and occlusal facets in the same persons from the viewpoint of
      aging].

PMID- 3867151
TI  - [A fundamental research on the pressoreceptive sensitivity of the mandibular
      residual ridge].

PMID- 3867152
TI  - [The most effective toothbrushing force for permanent dentition with scrub
      method].

PMID- 3867153
TI  - [Monoclonal antibodies against surface antigens of Bacteroides gingivalis].

PMID- 3867154
TI  - [Response characteristics of Merkel cell-neurite complexes in the cat oral mucosa
      to mechanical stimulation].

PMID- 3867155
TI  - [Transmission and analytical electron microscopy studies of calcified substances
      in the human pulp].

PMID- 3867156
TI  - [Histo-pathological studies of tissue reactions to various root canal sealers in
      rabbits].

PMID- 3867157
TI  - [Dental treatment for children in the Nagasaki prefecture].

PMID- 3867158
TI  - [Rupture of the spleen as a cause of death in a patient with chronic granulocytic
      leukemia].

PMID- 3867159
TI  - [Value of the in vitro culture of granulomonocytic germ cells (CFU-GM) in
      myelodysplastic syndromes].

PMID- 3867160
TI  - [Evaluation of the sensitivity to cytostatics of leukemia cells by labeling with
      tritiated thymidine and uridine: comparison with clinical response].

PMID- 3867161
TI  - [Experience with the use of Hickman's catheter for venous access in patients with
      acute myeloblastic leukemia].

PMID- 3867162
TI  - [Involvement of the public symphysis (pubic osteitis) in acute leukemias.
      Findings of 2 cases].

PMID- 3867163
TI  - [Changes in the ratio of coagulation factors as the only manifestation of hepatic
      toxicity caused by 6-mercaptopurine].

PMID- 3867164
TI  - [Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with bone marrow eosinophilia, inversion of
      chromosome 16 and trisomy 22].

PMID- 3867165
TI  - [Granulocytic sarcoma in the cervix uteri as form of relapse of an acute
      myeloblastic leukemia].

PMID- 3867166
TI  - Dental health of persons with severe mentally handicapping conditions.

PMID- 3867167
TI  - The long-term effect of mouthsticks on periodontal support.

PMID- 3867168
TI  - Effects of modeling on the oral health care of persons with mentally handicapping
      conditions.

PMID- 3867169
TI  - Common laboratory tests, values, and interpretations.

PMID- 3867171
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus. Involvement of the TMJ: a case report.

PMID- 3867170
TI  - [Immunogenetic analysis of the ankylosing spondylitis syndrome].

PMID- 3867172
TI  - Amalgam: friend or foe?

PMID- 3867173
TI  - Orthodontics: treatment of Class II, division 1 malocclusion with mandibular
      crowding. A case report.

PMID- 3867174
TI  - "Choosing a computer--advice from the experts".

PMID- 3867175
TI  - Analysis of negative and multiple HLA antigen disease associations.
AB  - The nature and extent of negative and multiple HLA antigen disease associations
      are investigated theoretically under two models. The first model assumes that an
      HLA antigen is involved directly in predisposing individuals to disease. The
      second model assumes that the association of a particular HLA antigen(s) with a
      disease is the result of linkage disequilibrium between the allele determining
      the antigen and alleles at a nearby locus which confers susceptibility to
      disease. We determined whether observed decreases in antigen frequencies among a
      patient group are simply the inevitable result of the fact that if one or more
      alleles at a locus is increased in frequency, then others must be decreased.
      Under the antigen predisposing model exact predictions concerning allele and
      antigen class frequencies at the predisposing locus, and the non-predisposing
      loci, are given. The predictions are examined using HLA-DR data for multiple
      sclerosis.

PMID- 3867177
TI  - A simple and rapid method for the detection of lymphocytotoxic antibodies using
      cell panels frozen on Terasaki plates.
AB  - A 40 cell panel of lymphocytes selected for HLA-A,B and DR antigens, frozen in
      Terasaki microtest trays can be used routinely to identify the presence of
      specific HLA antibodies within two hours. Blind testing using well defined HLA
      typing sera showed that specificities could be identified to a high degree of
      significance using this method. The method has proved successful for screening
      for T cell, including HLA-A,B and B cell, including HLA-DR antibodies. The method
      is particularly useful for the routine tissue typing laboratory as the frozen
      panel can be used without the need for complicated and time-consuming cell
      washing procedures which have been the downfall of previously published methods.

PMID- 3867176
TI  - Differential expression of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ antigens on normal cells of the
      myelomonocytic lineage.
AB  - We have previously shown that HLA-class II antigens have a differential
      expression on acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) blasts. These cells express HLA
      DR molecules but the HLA-DQ antigens are undetectable. In this paper we study the
      expression of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ antigens, using monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), on
      normal cells of the myelomonocytic lineage: the common myelomonocytic progenitor
      (CFU-GM) and the monocytes, by techniques of inhibition of CFU-GM growth and
      double immunofluoroscence, respectively. The results show that HLA-DR and HLA-DQ
      antigens are differentially expressed on normal myelomonocytic cells. While HLA
      DR molecules are expressed on CFU-GM and on the majority of peripheral blood
      monocytes, HLA-DQ antigens are not expressed on CFU-GM and only present on a
      subpopulation of monocytes. This data further confirms that HLA-DR and HLA-DQ
      molecules are coded by different genes with independent regulation of the gene
      expression not only on myeloid leukaemias but also on normal cells of the
      myelomonocytic lineage.

PMID- 3867178
TI  - HLA polymorphisms in a Han Chinese population of Sichuan.
AB  - This study reports the phenotype frequencies (PF) and gene frequencies (GF) of a
      homogeneous Sichuan Han Chinese population by typing of unrelated 229 individuals
      and 16 families for HLA-A, B, C, DR and DQ antigens. The frequencies of Bw67,
      Bw71, DRw12, DRw13 and DRw14 are the first to be reported in Chinese. Two two
      locus haplotypes with significant linkage disequilibrium among the Sichuan have
      also been listed.

PMID- 3867179
TI  - HLA-A, B, C and DR antigen associations in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
      (IDDM) in South African Negro (black) and Cape coloured people.
AB  - HLA-A, B, C and DR antigen frequencies were determined in South African Negro
      (Black) (50) and Cape Coloured (57) patients with insulin dependent diabetes
      mellitus (IDDM) and in appropriate controls. The Black patients failed to show
      associations commonly reported for American Black patients with IDDM but did show
      a weakly significant increase in the DRw9 frequency. However, this antigen was
      rare even in the patient group and HLA associated genes do not appear to play a
      major role in the pathogenesis of IDDM in these people. The Cape Coloureds have a
      high proportion of Caucasoid genes. Coloured IDDM patients had the expected low
      DR2 and high DR4 frequencies. Unexpectedly the Cape Coloureds failed to show
      significant associations of IDDM with B8 or DR3.

PMID- 3867180
TI  - A study of the cultivable flora of subgingival plaque of patients with severe
      periodontitis.

PMID- 3867181
TI  - Nasolabial cysts. A report of 10 cases and a review of the literature.

PMID- 3867182
TI  - Radiological diagnosis IX. Hypercementosis.

PMID- 3867183
TI  - Case report. Draining sinus of the right cheek.

PMID- 3867184
TI  - Darkfield microscopy of the flora of subgingival plaque of patients with severe
      periodontitis and its use in therapeutic assessment.

PMID- 3867185
TI  - Speech defects in prosthetic dentistry. Part II--Speech defects associated with
      removable prosthodontics.

PMID- 3867186
TI  - Speech defects in prosthetic dentistry. Part III--Speech defects associated with
      maxillofacial prosthodontics.

PMID- 3867187
TI  - [Dental records].

PMID- 3867188
TI  - Partial deficiency in 17-ketosteroid reductase presenting as gynecomastia.
AB  - We report a 14 year-old male with severe, long-lasting gynecomastia. Baseline
      serum androstenedione levels were elevated compared to testosterone levels (330
      ng/dl vs 28 ng/dl). In order to evaluate testosterone biosynthesis by this
      patient in more detail, androstenedione, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone
      (DHEA) and estradiol responses to a single dose of hCG were measured. The
      responses observed were different from those reported in normal males in two
      respects: 1) there was no immediate rise in testosterone two to four hours after
      the injection of hCG, and 2) levels of androstenedione and estradiol at 24, 36
      and 48 hours after injection were much higher than expected. We postulate that a
      partial defect in testicular 17-ketosteroid reductase activity was responsible
      for the abnormal androstenedione to testosterone ratio in our patient. This, in
      turn, lead to an increased peripheral synthesis of estrogens and marked
      gynecomastia.

PMID- 3867190
TI  - [Effect of surface-active agents on dental plaster].

PMID- 3867189
TI  - [Karyological analysis of hybridoma lines producing monoclonal antibodies to
      viral antigens].
AB  - The number of Hybridomes obtained from various sources rapidly increases at
      present. Clones producing monoclonal antibodies to influenza virus A/USSR/090/77
      and to VEE-230 are generated in the laboratory of the Institute of Virology
      (Academy of Sciences of the USSR). The present work is devoted to the study of
      Hybridome karyotype by means of C-method for chromosome staining with the aim to
      reveal specific characteristics of these lines. Results of the investigation have
      shown that the count of chromosomes together with an examination of their C
      staining picture permit proving a hybrid nature of the clones and identifying
      various Hybridomes by chromosome markers.

PMID- 3867191
TI  - [2 cases of endodontic treatment of infected lower anterior teeth with 2 canals].

PMID- 3867192
TI  - [Mechanical mixing of dental cements (1). Phosphacap 2].

PMID- 3867193
TI  - A comparison of extracted teeth with periodontal problems and the remaining
      intact teeth of cadavers for crown and root lengths and anatomical crown-to-root
      ratios.

PMID- 3867194
TI  - [Effect of thrombin and prostaglandins E and F on various indices of carbohydrate
      metabolism in human platelets].
AB  - After incubation of intact thrombocytes with prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha
      stimulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase
      activities as well as an increase in the rate of sedoheptulose-7-phosphate
      accumulation were found. Thrombin inhibited the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      activity by 30% in these thrombocytes. Addition of thrombin, following the
      incubation of thrombocytes with prostaglandins, removed the activating effect of
      the prostaglandins on the pentosephosphate pathway reactions, inhibited
      glutathione reductase and lactate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 3867195
TI  - [Prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid levels in the
      blood of immobilized rats: effect of dihydrocucurbitacin D diglucoside].
AB  - Content of prostaglandin E2 was decreased more than 6-fold in blood plasma of
      immobilized rats; on the other hand, concentration of 5-hydroxytetraenoic acid
      was increased more than 3-fold. No distinct alterations were noted in the
      prostaglandin F2 alpha content. Intraperitoneal preadministration of 0.1 mg/kg of
      2 beta, 25-di (beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-16 alpha; 20-dihydroxy-3, 11, 22-trioxo
      cucurbit-5-en into the animals, which as far as is known to augment the working
      capacity of mice, prevented the stress-induced alterations in the eicosanoid
      contents in blood plasma.

PMID- 3867196
TI  - [Chromosome marker in Balkan endemic nephropathy. I].
AB  - Marker third choromosome was established in 15 patients with Balkan entemic
      nephropathy (BEN) by high resolutive analysis, the chromosome characterized by
      altered rate of band differentiation in the distal half of the long arm-
      shortening of the band 3q25 and faster fusion of the subbands 3q26.1 and 3q26.3,
      not corresponding to the stage of chromosomal contraction. The reason for the
      asynchronization in the band characteristic observed is admitted to be the
      microstructural chromosomal reconstruction--del 3q24.2.

PMID- 3867197
TI  - [Familial cytogenetic studies in Balkan endemic nephropathy. II].
AB  - Twenty clinically healthy relatives were studied of patients with Balkan endemic
      nephropathy via high resolutive chromosome analysis. Dynamic deviations in G-band
      structure of third chromosome was established in 10 of the subjects studied,
      namely--shortening of the band 3q25 and a faster fusion of subbands 3q26.1 and
      3q26.3, not corresponding to the stage of chromosomal contraction. A complete
      coincidence was obtained between the carriership if marker chromosome A3 and the
      data from the biopsy studies, revealing initial morphological changes in the
      kidney, characteristic for Balkan endemic nephropathy.

PMID- 3867198
TI  - Treatment of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Vincristine and prednisone therapy
      during symptomatic phase or after transformation to acute leukemia.

PMID- 3867199
TI  - The molecular biology of chromosome alterations in myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - In the past few years, new developments have rapidly emerged that promise to
      unravel the pathogenesis of malignant transformation. By understanding the
      molecular events in neoplastic transformation, such as in myelogenous leukemia,
      we should be able to devise specific and effective therapies and to intervene in
      the development of these diseases. Furthermore, the study of cancer genes is
      likely to have far-reaching effects with regard to our understanding of normal
      development and other nonneoplastic conditions.

PMID- 3867200
TI  - [Computer examination of the brain of children with acute leukemia and non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma].

PMID- 3867201
TI  - [Echocardiography detection of intracavitary ventricular tumors].
AB  - Intracavitary ventricular tumors were found in 3 male patients (newborn, and 18
      and 23 years old) by 2-D echocardiography (metastasis of an osteogenic sarcoma in
      the right ventricle, teratoma embryonale growing from the retroperitoneum into
      the right ventricle, rhabdomyoma of the left ventricle). They all showed a
      uniform echo pattern and two of them were pedunculated. Wall motility, valves and
      cardiac dimensions were normal. In each case diagnosis was confirmed
      intraoperatively or at autopsy. Clinically the metastasis of the osteogenic
      sarcoma presented as obstruction of the superior vena cava, whereas the teratoma
      embryonale imitated tricuspid valve disease. The rhabdomyoma caused a systolic
      murmur and severe postpartal sinus bradycardia. It was successfully removed on
      the basis of echocardiography alone. 2-D echocardiography is a reliable,
      noninvasive diagnostic tool for evaluation of intracavitary, ventricular tumors.

PMID- 3867202
TI  - [Mild-action analgesics in the hands of the dentist].

PMID- 3867203
TI  - High-dose corticosteroids in the critically ill patient--an update. Goteborg,
      Sweden, 7-8 March 1985.

PMID- 3867204
TI  - High-dose corticosteroids in thoracic trauma.
AB  - Experimental data show that lung injury may be prevented or reduced when steroids
      are administered early. It seems, however, difficult to reverse a lung injury
      which is already established. Accordingly, we have since 1976 administered high
      doses of methylprednisolone already on admission in patients with multiple rib
      fractures and/or flail chest (30 mg/kg i.v. X 3 at 8 hr intervals). A
      retrospective analysis of 143 patients with severe blunt chest trauma, most of
      whom were multitraumatized (72%) and many in shock (19%) revealed a significantly
      lower mortality for 44 steroid treated patients compared to 99 nonsteroid
      patients with similar injuries (9.1 vs 29.3%, p = 0.02). The incidence of
      bronchial infection and septicemia was not increased in steroid treated patients.
      There was also a lower incidence of multiple organ failure in the steroid treated
      group (4.5%) as compared to the control group (9.1%, n.s.). Hemodynamic and blood
      gas changes were examined in a prospective controlled study including 40 patients
      with multiple rib fractures and lung contusion. Pulmonary vascular resistance
      (PVR), which is a good parameter of injury severity, was reduced significantly in
      the steroid treated group. This led to a reduction in right heart work. The
      corticosteroid induced reduction in PVR was seen whether the patient was on a
      ventilator or breathed spontaneously. There were no significant differences in
      the a-v oxygen difference or in intrapulmonary shunting. Both the number of
      complications and the duration of artificial respiration were reduced in the
      steroid group.

PMID- 3867205
TI  - Effect of high dose corticosteroids alone or combined with other drugs on
      survival in septic shock.
AB  - The effect of high dose corticosteroids on survival has been studied in a limited
      number of canine septic shock models which are reviewed in this presentation.
      Following injection of live bacteria neither methylprednisolone, nor gentamicin
      but a combination improved survival. Methylprednisolone increased survival
      following a slow but not a bolus infusion of endotoxin. In a recent study the
      effects of short term treatment with methylprednisolone, naloxone and ibuprofen
      were studied in endotoxin shock. All control animals died within 36 hours. Five
      of 9 dogs receiving the combination methylprednisolone, naloxone and ibuprofen
      were permanent survivors. The combined treatment with methylprednisolone and
      ibuprofen also increased survival. Dogs treated with methylprednisolone alone did
      not differ significantly from controls. It is concluded that methylprednisolone
      alone has no significant effect on survival in septic shock, but seems to be an
      important therapeutic factor to achieve increased survival.

PMID- 3867206
TI  - High doses of corticosteroids in the prevention of small intestinal mucosal
      damage in shock.
AB  - Experimental animals develop a characteristic mucosal damage in the small
      intestine following shock and hypotension. Similar lesions have also been
      described in man. The damage is caused by hypoxia and, in addition, proteolytic
      activities and generation of oxygen derived free radicals may be important. The
      small intestinal mucosal damage is associated with the development of
      cardiovascular collapse--hypotension induces mucosal lesions which, in turn
      aggravate the lesions. Among proposed mechanisms are portal invasion of bacteria
      and release of cardiotoxic material to the venous blood. Methylprednisolone in
      high doses (30 mg/kg) has been demonstrated to prevent or delay the development
      of mucosal lesions. This is probably not due to cardiovascular effects but rather
      to a stabilizing effect on cellular and subcellular membranes.

PMID- 3867207
TI  - The pharmacological basis of treatment with high dose corticosteroids in
      circulatory shock.
AB  - It is evident that the majority of studies concerning the use of high dose
      corticosteroids (HDC) in circulatory shock hitherto published, in a
      pharmacological sense, are mainly descriptive. However, some of the studies have
      none the less provided valuable information about the mechanisms of action and a
      few investigations have primarily been designed to study the pharmacodynamics of
      HDC in different shock settings. The research has shown that HDC interferes with
      various pathophysiological mechanisms including cell membrane stability,
      granulocyte aggregability, oxygen delivery, peripheral circulation and
      metabolism. Less is known about the pharmacokinetics of HDC, a subject which has
      been more or less neglected until very recently. However, some basic facts are
      known. Hence, the mean elimination half life of methylprednisolone (MP)
      administered i.v. ranges from 2.4 to 3.5 hours in normal healthy adults. The drug
      is distributed widely throughout the body including the central nervous system
      and is metabolized mainly in the liver to inactive metabolites.

PMID- 3867208
TI  - The role of high dose corticosteroids (HDC) in pulmonary capillary-alveolar
      membrane integrity.
AB  - Disturbed microvascular integrity is an initial event in the development of
      respiratory insufficiency following trauma and shock. Increased permeability in
      the pulmonary microvessels has been demonstrated in both experimental animals and
      in man. High dose corticosteroids have been used to prevent the development of
      the permeability lesion and to reduce it once it has occurred. Data from
      experimental animals are indicative of a positive effect of HDC and in patients
      with adult respiratory distress syndrome leakage of macromolecules over the
      capillary alveolar membrane was reduced significantly. Using the lung lymph
      fistula preparation in sheep we have demonstrated that the pulmonary
      microvascular sieving capacity was reduced (as indicated by a reduced osmotic
      reflection coefficient) following the operative trauma and manipulation of lungs
      necessary for cannulation of the lymphatics. We studied the effects of HDC
      (methyl-prednisolone 30 mg/kg) given preoperatively in 7 operated sheep and
      compared to 3 nonoperated controls. Permeability surface area product (PS) and
      osmotic reflection coefficient (sigma) for total protein were calculated by
      iterative curve fitting using the non-linear flux equation and data were compared
      to sigma achieved at maximal lymph flow following increased left atrial pressure.
      After surgery there were no differences between the two groups in baseline
      observations. In the experimental group lymph to plasma ratio for total protein
      (L/P) at maximal lymph flow was 0.46 +/- 0.09 corresponding to a sigma of 0.54.
      Maximal lymph flow was attained at microvascular pressure (Pmv) 38 +/- 2 mmHg.
      Calculated sigma was 0.61 +/- 0.03 and PS 0.09 +/- 0.01. Corresponding values in
      the control group were 0.69 +/- 0.003 and 0.1 +/- 0.0003 respectively. L/P at
      maximal lymph flow was 0.39 +/- 0.04 at Pmv = 35 +/- 6 mmHg in the control group.
      In this experiment HDC did not prevent the increase in pulmonary microvascular
      permeability as demonstrated after operative trauma by a decrease in the osmotic
      reflection coefficient for total protein. Data from patients indicate however,
      that HDC may have a beneficial effect on the integrity of the alveolar capillary
      membrane. Further studies are needed to elucidate these problems.

PMID- 3867209
TI  - Abstracts of the 42nd congress of the Nordic Surgical Society. Copenhagen,
      Denmark, August 14-16, 1985.

PMID- 3867210
TI  - [Anatomo-clinical conference of Brugmann Hospital. Coma in a leukemic adult].

PMID- 3867211
TI  - Male pseudohermaphroditism due to 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase
      deficiency associated with atrial septal defect.
AB  - Male pseudohermaphroditism in a 6 month old boy, due to congenital 3 beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, associated with atrial septal defect, is
      reported. At 2 weeks he required therapy for severe dehydration and projectile
      vomiting. The parents were first cousins and one female sibling had died suddenly
      at 2 months. The patient presented with melanoderma, perineal hypospadias with
      testicles in a bifid scrotum and atrial septal defect (ostium secundum). Complete
      cytogenetic studies showed a 46,XY karyotype. Serum sodium ranged from 129 to 140
      mEq/l and serum potassium from 5.1 to 4.6 mEq/l. Basal plasma hormonal studies
      showed normal androstenedione (delta 4A), decreased cortisol (F), slightly
      elevated ACTH, 17-hydroxy-progesterone (17-OH-P) and testosterone (T), and highly
      increased dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEA-S) levels. ACTH stimulation
      increased and DXM suppression decreased the plasma levels of DHEA-S, 17-OH-P and
      T but not that of F; hCG stimulation during cortisone therapy did not change the
      levels of DHEA-S and T. Corticosteroid therapy normalized electrolyte levels and
      reduced melanoderma and hormonal hypersecretion. Moderately elevated plasma
      levels of 17-OH-P and T suggest a partial testicular 3 beta-HSD deficiency. The
      multifactorial inheritance and the relatively high prevalence of atrial septal
      defect vs the rarity of adrenal enzymatic defect suggest a causal association
      even if a common genetic factor cannot be excluded.

PMID- 3867212
TI  - Basophilic differentiation in acute promyelocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3867213
TI  - The treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on the
      pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 3867214
TI  - Concurrent ABO blood type change and erythrophagocytosis by leukemic cells in a
      case of acute myeloblastic leukemia.

PMID- 3867215
TI  - Erythroleukemia with myelofibrosis--pediatric case report and discussion of
      possible stem cell origin of the disorder.

PMID- 3867216
TI  - Differentiation-associated ganglioside changes in chronic myelogenous leukemia
      cells.

PMID- 3867217
TI  - [Granulocytic sarcoma preceding acute leukemia--hematological considerations on
      disease evolution and leukemic manifestation].

PMID- 3867218
TI  - Collaborative WHO xylitol field studies in Hungary. An overview.

PMID- 3867219
TI  - Collaborative WHO xylitol field studies in Hungary. II. General background and
      control of the dietary regimen.
AB  - The consumption of sucrose and xylitol and the exposure to fluoride (F) were
      analyzed in a field study aimed at assessing the value of peroral xylitol as a
      caries-preventive measure. The coverage of the general background referred to the
      conditions of 689 institutionalized children observed for a 3-year-period. The
      material in the dietary substudy consisted of 286 subjects aged 8-13 years. The
      intake and excretion of F was monitored at all institutions in a total of 380
      children. The frequency of the consumption of sucrose was high, its intake
      increasing over the weekend in comparison with weekdays. The consumption of the
      xylitol-containing products did not reduce the frequency of sucrose intake.
      Varying and fluctuating levels of exposure to systemic F was registered, as also
      reflected in the urinary F/creatinine quotient.

PMID- 3867221
TI  - Atherosclerosis precursors in children. Proceedings of a symposium. Tuohilampi,
      Finland, August 10-11, 1983.

PMID- 3867220
TI  - Initiation of spermatogenesis during chemotherapy for leukemia.
AB  - Although the information is sparse, cytotoxic drugs have been suspected to cause
      serious damage to the immature testis, especially when the treatment is given
      during puberty. In a prospective, longitudinal study, we have investigated the
      effect of combination chemotherapy on the maturation of the germinative
      epithelium in 22 testicular biopsy specimens from 10 pubertal boys with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia. Five of the boys developed complete spermatogenesis
      including spermatozoa during the treatment, the biopsy specimens of two patients
      showed partial maturation of the seminiferous epithelium, while the germ cells of
      two boys remained immature. In one patient, who received large doses of
      cyclophosphamide and cytosine arabinoside, all germ cells disappeared during the
      therapy. We conclude that a significant proportion of boys with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia may develop potential fertility even while on treatment
      with cytotoxic drugs during puberty.

PMID- 3867222
TI  - Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. V. Fatty acid
      composition of serum cholesteryl esters: regional differences in Finland.
AB  - Fatty acid compositions of serum cholesteryl esters (CE) were analysed with gas
      chromatography from a total of 1,348 Finnish children. The study was a part of a
      comprehensive survey of atherosclerosis precursors among children, and included 3
      , 6-, 9-, 12-, 15-, and 18-year-old children and adolescents from five urban and
      twelve rural communities in Finland. In all age groups and both sexes, the mean
      percentages of linoleate (CE-18:2) were lower and those of saturated and
      monounsaturated fatty acids higher in eastern rural areas than elsewhere. Eastern
      rural children also had significantly higher proportions of omega 3
      polyunsaturated fatty acids in their serum CE's. The percentage of serum CE-18:2
      parallels the P/S values obtained by a dietary survey from the same populations.
      The reason for higher percentages of the omega 3 fatty acids in rural communities
      cannot be explained by diet, and remains unclear.

PMID- 3867223
TI  - Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. VIII. Food
      consumption and nutrient intakes.
AB  - A dietary survey was conducted in 1980 in connection with the Multicentre Study
      on Atherosclerosis Precursors in Finnish Children in five urban and 12 rural
      communes in various parts of Finland. 1,768 children aged 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18
      years were interviewed using the 48 hour recall method. Food consumption, and the
      intakes of energy and 49 nutrients were calculated. The intakes of energy and
      most nutrients increased in the successive age groups until the age of 15 years.
      There were only small differences in the diet of children belonging to different
      social classes. Protein accounted for 14% of total energy intake, fat for 38%,
      total carbohydrate for 48%, and sucrose for 10%. The ratio of polyunsaturated and
      saturated fatty acids in the diet (P/S) was 0.24 for the whole material, which is
      higher than found in previous studies in Finland. The P/S ratio was higher in
      urban areas and West Finland than in rural areas and in East Finland. The share
      of fat of energy intake exceeded the recommendation given by the Ministry of
      Health and the P/S ratio was lower than recommended. The mean daily intakes of
      energy and vitamins met the recommendations. Of the mineral elements, the intakes
      of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and manganese were abundant. The
      intakes of iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum and chromium were lower than
      recommended in most age groups and the intakes of selenium and fluorine in all
      age groups. The large share of refined foods in the children's diet was the main
      reason for the low nutrient densities.

PMID- 3867224
TI  - Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. X. Leisure-time
      physical activity.
AB  - As part of the more extensive project concerned with atherosclerosis precursors
      in Finnish children, this article aims at describing the method developed for
      epidemiological estimation of habitual physical activity, discussing the
      reliability and validity of the method and reporting the results of the
      application of this strategy in the measurement of habitual physical activity
      among 3 to 18-year-old Finnish boys and girls. The questionnaire for the
      measurement of physical activity was addressed to the parents of 3- and 6-year
      old subjects (younger group) and to the subjects themselves in 9- to 18-year-olds
      (older group). Using four variables in the younger group and nine variables in
      the older group, sum indices of physical activity were made. Internal consistency
      coefficients (Kuder--Richardson) varied in the younger group from .57 to .63 and
      in the older group from .56 to .79. Most Finnish children and adolescents were
      physically active during their leisure-time. For comparison of passive and active
      children, screening for passive ones was difficult. Differences between East and
      West Finland associated with many risk factors, were not detected in the physical
      activity patterns of children and adolescents. On the other hand, the physical
      activity pattern was significantly determined by the local environment. In
      sparsely populated areas, young people were more inactive than in densely
      populated areas.

PMID- 3867225
TI  - Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. XI. Psychological
      aspects.
AB  - The role of psychic risk factors in the early history of atherosclerosis was
      studied in 3,596 Finnish children and adolescents, aged 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18
      years. The family atmosphere, behavioural pattern and self-esteem were tested.
      The results showed that the abuse of alcohol by the parents and daily smoking by
      the child were the factors most clearly indicating the existence of psychic
      problems. The results showed that boys manifested in every age group behaviour
      most disposed to coronary heart disease (CHD). Furthermore, low serum HDL
      cholesterol, high serum triglycerides, thick triceps skinfold and self-esteem
      problems coexisted and they can be supposed to independently contribute to the
      aetiology of CHD.

PMID- 3867226
TI  - Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. XII. Smoking
      behaviour and its determinants in 12-18-year-old subjects.
AB  - The cross-sectional study of 1980 for atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish
      children and adolescents aimed at a wide coverage of the relevant relationships
      of the smoking behaviour to socioeconomic and psychosocial factors. The
      initiation and establishment of the smoking habits were primarily viewed as a
      function of the youngsters' main socializing agents: the peer group and the
      family. A subpopulation comprising 1,790 children and adolescents aged 12, 15 and
      18 years of the total sample was included in the study on smoking behaviour. The
      information on smoking habits was collected in connection with the medical
      examination in a solitary room where the youngsters could respond undisturbed.
      Data on the children's families were obtained by means of a general questionnaire
      filled out by the parents. The prevalence of daily smoking was 1% in the 12-year
      old, 10% in the 15-year-old, and 30% in the 18-year-old subjects. The best
      friend's behaviour was the best predictor of an adolescent's smoking behaviour,
      although the family had retained its role as an important model as regards the
      learning of smoking behaviour. Quitting school turned out to be a major event
      leading to an increased risk of becoming a habitual smoker. No clear associations
      between socioeconomic status of the family and daily smoking were found, except
      that farmers' children had generally lower rates of daily smoking than children
      from other socioeconomic groups. First contacts with tobacco formed part of a
      normal behaviour pattern at a certain age, and this experimentation was unrelated
      to a later regular habit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3867227
TI  - Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. XIII. Serum and
      hair copper and zinc concentrations.
AB  - The copper and zinc status of 3-18-year-old Finnish children was estimated by
      analysing 3,480 serum copper and zinc concentrations, 853 hair copper and 868
      hair zinc concentrations. Both copper and zinc have been proposed to be connected
      with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, zinc is essential
      for normal growth and development. The mean serum copper concentration of 3-year
      old children was 21.2 mumol/l and the concentration was significantly lower in
      older age groups. The average serum zinc concentration showed a narrow variation
      between 14.1 and 15.0 mumol/l in all age groups, nevertheless girls had
      significantly lower and boys higher values with increasing age. The distribution
      of hair copper concentration was skewed within the age groups; the median varied
      between 9.7 micrograms/g and 29.8 micrograms/g for 3-year-old urban girls and 18
      year-old rural girls, respectively. Some rural girls had exceptionally high hair
      copper levels. Hair zinc concentrations increased with age. In the three youngest
      age groups (3, 6 and 9 years) the distribution was skewed and the levels low
      compared with results from the USA where a zinc concentration below 30
      micrograms/g is found to be associated with the zinc deficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3867228
TI  - Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. XIV. Zinc and
      copper concentrations in deciduous teeth.
AB  - Zinc and copper concentrations were analysed from cariesfree deciduous teeth of
      125 Finnish children, 6-7- and 9-10-year-olds, from three cities. Enamel and
      dentine were separated and prepared into pills which were analysed individually
      with the proton induced x-ray emission spectrometry (PIXE) method. The total mean
      (+/- SD) zinc concentrations for enamel and dentine were 143 +/- 31 and 133 +/-
      36 ppm, respectively, and are in agreement with the values reported recently. The
      median copper concentration for enamel was 0.54 ppm with a range from 0.0 to 4.29
      and for dentine 0.27 ppm with a range from 0.0 to 3.60 being among the lowest
      reported. The low copper values are interesting as to the possible association
      with the development of atherosclerosis. Geographical differences were noted
      between the zinc concentrations of the three cities, the children of Helsinki
      having significantly higher zinc values than the children of Kuopio and Oulu. No
      linear correlation was found between zinc and copper concentrations at the
      individual level.

PMID- 3867229
TI  - Coronary intimal thickenings and lipids in Finnish children who died violently.
AB  - Intimal thickenings of the coronary arteries were found in healthy children who
      died violently, of both sexes even in children under 5 years of age. The average
      incidence was 53 % of the 75 cases. Splitting of the internal elastic lamina was
      the primary finding, followed by local increase in smooth muscle cells. The
      thickening could occupy 50 % of the coronary lumen. The accumulation of
      esterified cholesterol in the coronary arteries began before the age of 10 years.
      The fatty acid composition of the cholesterol esters suggests that they are
      derived from the blood. The question whether the thickenings are precursors of
      forthcoming coronary atheromas needs further detailed studies, especially in
      young adults.

PMID- 3867230
TI  - Possibilities of a preventive approach to coronary heart disease starting in
      childhood.
AB  - Promotion in youth of lifestyles that are likely to result in optimum levels of
      cardiovascular risk factors is the basis for early prevention of cardiovascular
      diseases and promotion of health. Health behaviour is closely linked to the
      general lifestyle of an community. Thus for any long-term major change, a
      community-based approach is essential. Experience from the North Karelia project
      indicates that through a comprehensive community-based programme, health
      behaviour and risk factor levels of a whole country could be changed, and that
      resulted in reduction of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the area. Studies among
      children carried out as part of the North Karelia project have shown that
      children's smoking rates and nutrition habits can be influenced and their serum
      cholesterol levels can be modified. At least in Finland, family-based practical
      counselling and provision of social support seems to be an effective strategy in
      changing the nutrition habits of both adults and children. No evidence has been
      observed to indicate that this type of intervention would have any harmful
      emotional consequences among children. A study to show the impact of risk factor
      modification on coronary heart disease risk in adulthood is hardly feasible and,
      instead, studies to test the feasibility and effects of different intervention
      approaches for influencing health related behaviour and risk factors in children
      and adolescents should be emphasized.

PMID- 3867231
TI  - Anthropometric and blood pressure studies in children from Shetland: reliability
      of measurement and the use of height-weight indices.

PMID- 3867232
TI  - The assessment and evaluation of daily physical activity in children. A review.
AB  - Related to the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) daily physical activity
      in children has become a field of interest. Epidemiological studies have shown
      that physical activity appears to offer some degree of protection against CHD.
      Hence a fundamental approach for prevention should begin at childhood. This
      review covers the state of the art within selected areas of the measurement of
      physical activity and their relationship to risk indicators of CHD. The areas
      addressed include the following: the use of different field methods to measure
      daily physical activity, methodological constraints in children and finally the
      role of physical activity, physical fitness and training in relation to the risk
      indicators of CHD in children.

PMID- 3867233
TI  - Evaluation of the measurement of children's blood pressure in an epidemiological
      multicentre study.
AB  - Reliability and repeatability of blood pressure (BP) measurements performed by
      both a local nurse and a control nurse visiting all five study areas in the
      Finnish Multicentre Study were analysed. As an objective control, Rose's tape
      recordings were played at least three times during the study period to each
      nurse. It was found that the nurses differed from each other with variations of
      2.5 mm Hg, 54.6 mm Hg and 17.9 mm Hg in the recordings of systolic, diastolic
      Korotkoff's IV (KIV) phase and diastolic KV phase sounds respectively, in
      assessing the tape. Correlation coefficients between the systolic BP and
      diastolic BP measurements made by the local and control nurses in 3-year-old
      children varied from 0.10 to 0.72 and from -0.16 to 0.46 respectively.
      Correlation coefficients in 6-18-year-old subjects between systolic, diastolic
      KIV and diastolic KV BP measurements made by the control and local nurses varied
      from 0.69 to 0.81, from 0.42 to 0.63 and from 0.38 to 0.58 respectively. All of
      the nurses had a significant terminal digit preference and it was pronounced in
      two of them. Because of these findings it was concluded that comparisons of BP
      values in different areas should be done cautiously.

PMID- 3867234
TI  - Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. III. Blood
      pressure.
AB  - In connection with the Finnish Multicentre Study on the precursors of
      atherosclerosis in 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 15- and 18-year-old children and adolescents,
      blood pressure was measured in 3,596 subjects in the five university hospital
      areas. Blood pressure was measured with an ultrasound device (Arteriosonde 1020,
      Roche) in the 3-year-old children, and an ordinary mercury sphygmomanometer was
      used in the rest of the subjects. The systolic and diastolic values increased
      with age as has been shown earlier. There were no significant differences in the
      values between boys and girls except that the 15- and 18-year-old boys had values
      a little higher than girls of the same age. Weight and height correlated well to
      both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Physical maturation also correlated
      to blood pressure.

PMID- 3867235
TI  - Reduction in locomotor activity of arthritic rats as parameter for chronic pain:
      effect of morphine, acetylsalicylic acid and citalopram.
AB  - Arthritis was induced in rats by plantar injection of a suspension of killed
      mycobacteria in Viscoleo. Non-treated rats served as controls. The locomotor
      activities of the rats were measured weekly during the following four weeks. The
      exploratory activity was determined in the daytime in activity cages and
      spontaneous locomotor activity was measured during the night in the same cages.
      From one week to four weeks after treatment in one hind paw the arthritic rats
      showed significantly lower exploratory activity than the control rats, whereas
      the spontaneous locomotor activity in the arthritic rats was not significantly
      reduced. After treatment in two hind paws both activities were significantly
      smaller in the arthritic group than in the control group. The low exploratory
      activity level of the arthritic rats was not changed by acetylsalicylic acid but
      was significantly increased by morphine and citalopram in doses which did not
      influence the exploratory activity of the control rats. The results suggest that
      reduction of the locomotor activity of arthritic rats might be a reliable
      parameter for chronic pain.

PMID- 3867236
TI  - Acid instillation increases gastric luminal prostaglandin E2 output in man.
AB  - The capacity of the gastroduodenal mucosa to maintain integrity when exposed to
      acid and pepsin may require formation of endogenous prostaglandins (PG). The
      gastric mucosa is capable of PG biosynthesis, and PGE2 is present in the gastric
      contents of man. The purpose of this study was to examine if acidification of the
      human stomach affects the output of PGE2. Gastric perfusion was made with 150 mM
      HCl in seven healthy subjects pretreated with a histamine-2-receptor blocker
      (ranitidine). Gastric luminal PGE2 was measured by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry. Basal output of PGE2 was 1.42 +/- 0.24 pmol/min (mean + SEM), which
      increased to 5.37 +/- 0.91 pmol/min (p less than 0.02) during acid perfusion.
      Gastric acidification did not cause mucosal damage as judged by luminal DNA. We
      conclude that PGE2 is synthesized in the gastric mucosa even during nearly
      complete inhibition of parietal cell secretion. Luminal acid, a likely
      physiological stimulator of mucosal defense, induces a fivefold increase in PGE2
      output from the intact mucosa.

PMID- 3867237
TI  - Alcohol and disease. Proceedings of the first Acta Medica Scandinavica
      International Symposium. Stockholm, Sweden, November 22-23, 1984.

PMID- 3867238
TI  - Alcoholic liver disease: clinical patterns and diagnosis.

PMID- 3867239
TI  - Prognostic evaluation in alcoholic cirrhosis.

PMID- 3867240
TI  - The wetness of drinking cultures: a key variable in epidemiology of alcoholic
      liver cirrhosis.

PMID- 3867241
TI  - Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive treatment of alcoholic liver disease.

PMID- 3867242
TI  - Nutritional support in alcoholic liver disease.

PMID- 3867243
TI  - Alcoholic polyneuropathy.

PMID- 3867244
TI  - Alcohol and liver injury: genetic and immunologic factors.

PMID- 3867245
TI  - Nutritional factors in liver disease of the alcoholic.

PMID- 3867246
TI  - Interrelation of the hypermetabolic state, necrosis, anemia and cell enlargement
      as determinants of severity in alcoholic liver disease.

PMID- 3867248
TI  - Lesions of the cerebral midline. 9th scientific meeting of the European Society
      for Paediatric Neurosurgery (ESPN). October 10-13, 1984, Vienna.

PMID- 3867247
TI  - Alcohol and hepatitis B virus infection.

PMID- 3867249
TI  - Statistics of intracranial midline tumors in children.
AB  - Of the 1,280 pediatric brain tumors seen at the Department of Neurosurgery,
      University of Vienna, until December 1984 57% involved the midline. Midline
      tumors were supratentorial in 40% of cases and infratentorial in 60%. The
      distribution of different tumor types in the various anatomical regions follows
      the known sites of predilection of brain tumors. Orienting diagrams show their
      rates in numerical terms, in various regions as well as their "clinical"
      malignancy.

PMID- 3867250
TI  - Gliomas of visual pathways and hypothalamus in children--a preliminary report.
AB  - 26 children with gliomas of the visual pathway and hypothalamus were seen during
      5 years. 4 of them had intraorbital tumors, in 22 children tumors were localized
      in the chiasmal/hypothalamic regions. In 25 patients the tumors were surgically
      explored. All 4 intraorbital gliomas were radically removed using a transcranial
      approach. Exploration without biopsy was performed 7 times, exploration plus
      limited biopsy in 3 cases. In the remaining 11 operated children partial or
      subtotal removal of the tumor was possible. One of the 18 histologically verified
      tumors was an anaplastic glioma, the others were typical pilocytic astrocytomas.
      12 children had hydrocephalus. 7 patients died, 19 are still alive. The operative
      mortality was 4 out of our 25 operated cases (16%). All of these patients had
      large tumors with posterior spread into the hypothalamus. In future, surgery in
      these children should be confined to exploration and limited biopsy followed by
      radiotherapy. We advocate exploration and biopsy in all chiasma/hypothalamic
      tumors. The growth potential of these tumors is individually variable. We
      recommend to follow-up all patients at 3 months' intervals by means of visual
      evoked potentials, visual acuity, fundoscopy and visual field testing. CT scans
      and X-rays of the optic canals should be performed once a year. Surgery should
      only be considered if clinical and/or neuroradiological progression has been
      documented.

PMID- 3867251
TI  - Surgical aspects of pineal region tumors in children.
AB  - The use of the operating microscope and specialized anesthesiologic techniques
      make it possible to operate safely on tumors in the pineal region. A survey is
      presented of the main surgical and anesthesiologic techniques used: the
      supracerebellar infratentorial approach in the sitting position and the occipital
      transtentorial approach in the semi-sitting position. For selecting the optimal
      approach a CT scan with sagittal sections is very important to localize the tumor
      in relation to the tentorium cerebelli, the straight sinus and the great vein of
      Galen. Based upon the comparison of the two techniques the author concludes that
      nearly all tumors in the pineal region in children can be operated by the
      infratentorial supracerebellar route and that the transtentorial route offers
      relatively little advantage.

PMID- 3867252
TI  - Surgery of pineal region lesions in childhood.
AB  - Personal experience with surgical exploration and total resection or evacuation
      of pineal and midbrain mass lesions in 20 pediatric patients from a total
      material of 52 cases demonstrate the efficacy of modern microsurgical techniques.
      Microtopography indicated the choice of the most suitable approach to these deep
      seated lesions. The infratentorial supracerebellar approach proved to be the
      ideal exposure, except in one case of a lesion in the interpeduncular cistern,
      where a subtemporal approach was chosen. There was only one death as a
      consequence of the operation in a case of an extensive medulloblastoma; in all
      the other cases, no increase in morbidity occurred after surgery. Duration of
      post-operative observation with individual survival times will be demonstrated.

PMID- 3867254
TI  - Direct surgical attack on pontine and rhombencephalic lesions.
AB  - The introduction of lasers in neurosurgery in 1976 can be considered as a major
      contribution to gaining access to "untouchable" areas of the brain. This
      immaterial instrument provides for precise cutting at low penetration depth in
      surrounding tissues and may carbonize, and thus remove, layers not to be touched
      because of their highly sensitive vicinity. From a total of 794 patients
      experiencing the advantages of laser surgery (1976-1984), a series of 12 children
      with lower brainstem tumors is presented. Intraoperative instability of vital
      functions was absent throughout, leaving the patients without deterioration of
      their initial neurological condition. Given appropriate handling and adequate
      experience, the laser is a singularly helpful surgical tool for gaining access to
      areas hitherto barred to surgery.

PMID- 3867253
TI  - Tumors of the pineal region in children and adolescents.
AB  - The treatment of tumors in the pineal area remains controversial. There are two
      main approaches: Conservative treatment, consisting in CSF shunting and
      radiotherapy, and direct surgical removal. We report on 25 children (22 boys and
      3 girls) aged between 4 and 20 years who underwent conservative treatment. The
      follow-up period ranges from 1 to 11 years (mean, 4.8 years). 19 patients are
      still alive at a mean survival time of 5.8 years. 17 children are free of
      disease, two have severe neurological deficits. Our diagnostic and therapeutical
      concepts are presented.

PMID- 3867255
TI  - Problems of surgical technique for the treatment of supratentorial midline tumors
      in children.
AB  - In this presentation the authors describe briefly their thoughts on microsurgical
      management of certain typical brain tumors arising from within and adjacent to
      the third ventricle the surgical treatment of which has for many years been
      essentially conservative, not infrequently without histological verification of
      the type of the tumor or even of the presence of a real neoplasm.

PMID- 3867256
TI  - Operative approaches to midline tumors.
AB  - We have now operated and confirmed 80 tumors of the pineal region. Our experience
      is that 30 percent of these are benign, encapsulated and can be removed, and that
      only 30 percent represent germinomas. Another 30 percent are astrocytomas of
      varying grade. The preferred therapy in the majority of these tumors is
      radiotherapy and its extent depends upon the analysis of the lumbar spinal fluid.
      Chemotherapy has been reserved for tumors of the primitive embryonic type. The
      result of surgery for benign tumors has been excellent and the recurrence rate
      extremely low. In the germinoma series, the response to radiation therapy in our
      experience has been promising initially with resolution of the tumor by CT scan.
      However, we have noted recurrence of some of these tumors after radiotherapy
      approximately 6 to 8 years after the institution of therapy. The pineoblastomas
      are extremely difficult to treat by whatever means and the same holds true for
      the malignant pineocytomas. Our experience is too limited to say what the outcome
      will be in the chemotherapeutic management of the more primitive and embryonal
      tumors.

PMID- 3867257
TI  - Approaches to the pineal region.
AB  - On the basis of anatomical studies in fresh cadavers, formalin fixed brains and
      clinical experiences in 40 surgically treated cases of pineal and midbrain
      lesions the most important surgical approaches with their anatomical
      peculiarities as well as pitfalls are demonstrated. Emphasis is given to the
      great vein of Galen and its tributaries as major obstacle in microsurgery in this
      area.

PMID- 3867258
TI  - Diagnosis of lesions in the third ventricle.
AB  - The precise diagnosis of lesions occupying the third ventricle requires both
      clinical and radiological examinations. Laboratory tests may provide important
      additional information in some cases. The specific diagnosis of a third ventricle
      tumor, however, cannot be established without biopsy except in very rare cases.
      The diagnostic and differential diagnostic problems are illustrated by some
      examples and discussed.

PMID- 3867259
TI  - Anatomy of the midline.
AB  - Described are the anatomy and topography of the midline structures particularly
      in relation to the surgical approaches. Furthermore measurements of the third
      ventricle and the various distances between surface areas of the brain and skull
      and different landmarks of the cerebral midline are presented.

PMID- 3867260
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of midline pediatric cerebral neoplasms.
AB  - Over 80 cases of pediatric cerebral disease including 60 brain tumors, have been
      studied by low field 0.12 Tesla resistive NMR proton imaging. In addition,
      experience has been gained with proton imaging on a superconducting high field
      1.5 Tesla system. Comparison of NMR images at both field strength, and comparison
      of the images to those obtained with high resolution CT is made. Examples of how
      NMR images can help to plan patient management is presented.

PMID- 3867261
TI  - Supratentorial intraventricular tumors in childhood.
AB  - We report on a series of 21 infants and children with tumors of the
      supratentorial ventricular system, all of whom were assessed by computed
      tomography and underwent operation using microsurgical techniques. In 7 cases the
      tumor was found in the 3rd ventricle, whereas the lateral ventricles were
      involved in the others. Surgical access to the lateral ventricles and the
      anterior portion of the 3rd ventricle was gained by standard intergyral cortical
      incision in the precentral or postcentral regions and via the foramen of Monro.
      The posterior portions of the lateral ventricle of the dominant hemisphere as
      well as the posterior part of the 3rd ventricle were exposed with minimal risk,
      using the occipital midsagittal supratentorial route. Following this technique,
      total removal of the tumors was possible in all cases without substantial
      postoperative morbidity. After a follow-up period of 6 months to 9 years all
      patients are in good or excellent neurological condition. Tumor recurrences were
      not encountered, although a definitive statement cannot be made in some patients
      with malignant lesions.

PMID- 3867262
TI  - Primary cystic midline lesions of the brain in childhood.
AB  - It is known that primary cystic lesions of the midline of the brain in infants
      and children are not rare. In some cases these cystic lesions are considered to
      be the main cause in the production of hydrocephalus. The use of CT-scan
      tomography and CT scan metrizamide cisternography helped us to reveal some
      unsuspected cases of them. Our operative approach of these cystic lesions of the
      midline of the brain is described.

PMID- 3867263
TI  - Possibilities and limits of the midline interhemispheric approach.
AB  - Based on experience in 17 children operated upon between 1978 and 1984, the
      possibilities and limitations of the interhemispheric parafalx approach to
      lesions of the anterior and posterior lateral ventricles and the third ventricle
      are described. The interhemispheric approach seems more advantageous than
      transcortical approaches since additional cortical and white matter lesions can
      be avoided. The limitations of visibility are the same as in transcortical
      approaches.

PMID- 3867264
TI  - Surgical treatment of intraventricular meningiomas in childhood.
AB  - In the last ten years (1973-1983) we operated and followed up 6 patients with
      intraventricular meningiomas, of these 4 were children and 2 adults. In 3 of the
      children the meningiomas occupied the lateral ventricles and were attached to the
      choroid plexus and the medial brain structures. The fourth childhood tumor was
      localized in the posterior third of the third ventricle. The first three children
      were operated by the established procedure for ventricular tumors, while the
      fourth was subjected to the procedure of Cl. Lapras (Lyon, France) for
      meningiomas and other tumors in the posterior part of the third ventricle. All
      four children survived the procedure. In the follow-up period they showed normal
      mental and physical development.

PMID- 3867265
TI  - Supratentorial astrocytomas of the midline in childhood--a review of treatment
      and prognosis.
AB  - Supratentorial astrocytomas in childhood are rare. In our series of 47 children
      (1979-1983) suffering from intracerebral tumors we observed three with
      astrocytomas situated in the midline. They had invaded the walls of the
      ventricles and caused hydrocephalus. The children were operated on by a right
      transventricular approach. We succeeded in total tumor removal in two cases and
      these children are well. One child (only subtotal extirpation had been possible)
      died. In our opinion, resignation is unfounded in such cases.

PMID- 3867266
TI  - Microsurgical topography of craniopharyngiomas.
AB  - The relationship of craniopharyngiomas to surrounding structures was studied by
      stereoscopic and light microscopy in 30 autopsies. The localization of 4 of the
      tumors was intra- and suprasellar, 26 lesions were primarily suprasellar.
      Suprasellar craniopharyngiomas were divided into three groups according to their
      relationship to the floor of the third ventricle: extraventricular, intra
      extraventricular and intraventricular. The different localization of
      craniopharyngiomas in the vertical axis is a codeterminant of the direction and
      extent of tumor growth in the horizontal plane at the base of the brain.
      Comparison of these anatomical data and additional anatomical findings obtained
      in primary microsurgical operations of another 16 patients with the results of
      plain X-ray and contrast studies revealed radiological features characteristic of
      different topographic groups. The choice of the most adequate approach and degree
      of radicality of surgery for craniopharyngiomas can be based on the results of
      pre-operative neuroradiological investigations.

PMID- 3867267
TI  - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Basis for variability in response. 16-18
      May, 1985, Leura, New South Wales, Australia.

PMID- 3867268
TI  - The relationship between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the development
      of peptic ulcer and its complications--can we estimate risk?

PMID- 3867269
TI  - Stereoselective disposition--basis for variability in response to NSAID's.

PMID- 3867270
TI  - Postulated reactive intermediates of NSAID's.

PMID- 3867271
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the elderly.

PMID- 3867272
TI  - Significance of NSAID serum to response relationships.
AB  - NSAIDs are given to patients to obtain a therapeutic benefit, and a "therapeutic
      serum concentration range" would be useful. To define the therapeutic range
      requires a specific assay, knowledge of the active moiety, confidence that the
      action of the drug is rapid and reversible, examination of the relationship at
      kinetic equilibrium, careful and innovative ways to measure clinical response,
      and elimination of as many potential interfering interactions as possible. When
      defined, the therapeutic range can help clinicians develop dosing aimed at a
      usual concentration for response, help define toxicity, and help determine
      compliance.

PMID- 3867273
TI  - Variability in response to NSAID.

PMID- 3867274
TI  - The relationship between the plasma concentration of non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs and their therapeutic effects.

PMID- 3867275
TI  - NSAID-plasma concentration monitoring--optimizing treatment of R.A.

PMID- 3867276
TI  - Problems with demonstrating NSAID concentration-response relationships.

PMID- 3867277
TI  - Variance in NSAID studies: contribution of patient variance.

PMID- 3867278
TI  - Patient preference scales.

PMID- 3867279
TI  - Variation in physician assessment of response to treatment.

PMID- 3867280
TI  - Community Surveillance Study--perceived response of rheumatoid arthritis patients
      to NSAIDs.
AB  - The perceived effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was studied
      in a community population (n=380). The population characteristics of a sample
      were similar to previous studies. Most patients were on a single NSAID.
      Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was found to have a significant impact in terms of
      disability and lifestyle. Active inflammation was the main incentive to comply
      with therapy. However, the patients perceptions about the efficacy of the
      medication, their attitude towards the medication and their motivations for
      taking it, also affected compliance. A decreased effectiveness of therapy may
      also be due in part to tolerance to some medications and some evidence of the
      induction of salicylate metabolism has been reported. Considerable variation in
      the patients' perception of other forms of therapy for RA were also observed.

PMID- 3867281
TI  - Impact of over the counter availability of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

PMID- 3867282
TI  - The importance of unbound drug.

PMID- 3867283
TI  - The effect of renal dysfunction on the disposition of non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs forming acyl-glucuronides.

PMID- 3867284
TI  - NSAID's--interactions with antihypertensives and diuretics.

PMID- 3867285
TI  - Aspects of the effects of NSAID's on renal function in congestive heart failure.
AB  - In summary the present study shows that sulindac does not interfere with the
      action of furosemide in contrast to naproxen. Therefore, treatment of arthritic
      disorders with sulindac might be of advantage in elderly patients with cardiac
      failure.

PMID- 3867286
TI  - [Fundamental studies on intravesical instillation of 4'-epi-adriamycin for the
      treatment of bladder cancer].
AB  - 4'-Epi-adriamycin (EPI) is a new derivative of adriamycin (ADM). The cytotoxic
      effect of EPI on the T24 cell line, an established cell line from human urinary
      bladder carcinoma, the distribution of the drug in blood, urine and tissues of
      various organs and histopathological change in the bladder mucosa in dogs
      following intravesical instillation of the drug, were studied. The cytotoxicity
      of EPI on the cultured T24 cells was examined by a colony formation method. After
      2 hours exposure, EPI was slightly less cytotoxic than ADM, but showed higher
      cytotoxicity than mitomycin C or aclacinomycin A. The drug levels in blood, urine
      and tissues were measured by HPLC following bladder instillation in Beagle dogs
      with bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy. They were elevated in proportion to the
      drug concentration instilled intravesically. After 50 mg of EPI dissolved in 10
      ml of physiological saline was instilled intravesically, the blood levels of EPI
      were not elevated significantly and reached the maximum levels of only 0.222
      microgram/ml. The total amount of EPI excreted into the urine during the 10 hours
      after instillation was 389 micrograms which was equivalent to 0.78% of instilled
      EPI. The tissue levels of 50 mg of EPI after 6 hours retention were 1216 +/- 1094
      micrograms/g in the bladder mucosa, 259 +/- 250 micrograms/g in the bladder
      muscular layer, 7.65 +/- 1.19 micrograms/g in the iliac node, 22.1 +/- 4.8
      micrograms/g in the cortex of kidney, 15.1 +/- 3.8 micrograms/g in the medulla of
      kidney, 11.3 +/- 1.0 micrograms/g in liver and 5.80 +/- 1.20 micrograms/g in the
      heart. To examine the effect of the drug on the bladder mucosa, 50 mg of EPI was
      instilled intravesically. After 6 hours retention, bladder mucosa was observed
      through a microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Only exfoliation in the
      mucosa was observed sporadically and no histological change was observed in the
      submucosal layer. The above results suggest that EPI is a suitable drug for
      intravesical chemotherapy to bladder cancers.

PMID- 3867287
TI  - T.M.J. relations and occlusal positions.

PMID- 3867288
TI  - The significance of occlusal adjustment in periodontal therapy.

PMID- 3867289
TI  - Criteria for occlusal alteration in the management of craniomandibular
      dysfunction.

PMID- 3867290
TI  - The use and abuse of occlusal appliances.

PMID- 3867291
TI  - An index for selective grinding.

PMID- 3867292
TI  - [Disinfection of equipment in anesthesia and intensive care. Methods and
      limitations].

PMID- 3867293
TI  - [In vitro cariogenicity of Streptococcus intermedius and Bifidobacterium].

PMID- 3867294
TI  - [Cariogenicity of Streptococcus intermedius ATCC 27335 in conventional hamsters
      and rats].

PMID- 3867295
TI  - [Analytical study of well-treated maxillary protrusion--morphological differences
      between the extraction and non-extraction cases].

PMID- 3867296
TI  - [A case of combined surgery of Le Fort I osteotomy and the sagittal split method
      for mandibular prognathism].

PMID- 3867297
TI  - [The clinical application of a tooth positioner and analysis of cases with tooth
      size ratio].

PMID- 3867298
TI  - [A case of nasoalveolar cyst].

PMID- 3867299
TI  - Genetics: polymorphism and risks.
AB  - Clinical and epidemiological studies have established serum cholesterol as a
      major risk factor for coronary heart disease. Geneticists have focused on the
      study of genetic and environmental factors that interact to determine the
      variability in the phenotypes of lipid metabolism. Recent advances that enable
      one to measure genotypes at loci that code for the apolipoproteins now make it
      possible to evaluate the contribution of single gene loci to the determination of
      variation in serum lipid and lipoproteins. Future studies will evaluate the
      utility of such genetic information in predicting the subset of the population,
      the families and the individuals that are at increased risk to developing
      coronary heart disease. We suggest that the use of measured genotype information
      for genes involved in determining risk factor phenotypes will lead to more
      accurate and precise prediction of coronary heart disease.

PMID- 3867300
TI  - [Anamnesis in child psychology. Analysis of the technic. Its diagnostic and
      therapeutic value].
AB  - Author wishes to demonstrate that partially not directed interview based on free
      association of ideas and memories is one of the indispensable parts of
      exploration for the gathering of exact data in Infantile Psychiatry. Use of
      another technique, perhaps more "scientific" paradoxically risks leaving to one
      side and ignoring closest pathogenesis to the first causes of the illness and
      with it forfaits the possibility of administering a treatment which may consider
      the etiology of the disorder. To illustrate this postulate, the author chooses
      the area of precocious infantile anorexia and examines the gathering of data in
      successive interviews; why the new data are radically changing the initial
      etiopathogenic hypothesis which are being elaborated in the course of the
      interviews and why the selected treatment is being modified in a essential way.
      This technique not only requires an important time investment but a respectful
      listening altitude on the part of the consultant as well limiting to a minimum
      his interventions and transmitting a feeling of security to parents and child
      which makes possible his free remembrance activity and with it, the emergence of
      pathogenic emotions. On the other hand therapeutic yield in real terms the
      efficient psychotherapeutic intervention "mutant" as some authors would say, are
      highest in these moments: "Iron is best shapable when red-hot".

PMID- 3867301
TI  - [Treatment of high and low risk acute lymphoblastic leukemias in the child, with
      2 modalities of preventive therapy on the central nervous system (Pethema 7/78
      protocol)].
AB  - More effective therapy of high-risk patients and less toxic CNS prophylaxis are
      two goals in present acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment research. Protocol LA
      A 7/78 was based on: 1) Distribution of patients in 2 therapy groups: standard
      (SR) and high-risk (HR) according to presence of clinical and hematological
      prognostic factors. 2) Remission induction in SR with PRED, VCR and ASPAR, and as
      maintenance, combination of MP and MTX. HR patients were given 4 drugs, with
      addition of DAUNO; reinductions with PRED, VCR and DAUNO every 3 months were
      given as well. 3) CNS prophylaxis in both groups was given according two
      modalities, on a randomized base. "A": cranial irradiation (24Gy) plus i.t. MTX,
      6 doses. "B": i.t. MTX and ARA-C, 10 doses (6 weekly and 4 monthly). From 1978 to
      1983, 76 patients under 14 years old were entered in study: 22 in HR and 54 in SR
      groups. All attained remission. After a median follow-up of 49 months estimated
      disease-free survival rate is 65.6% corresponding to 70% in SR and 56% in HR.
      Modality "B" of SNC prophylaxis (without irradiation) was, at least, as effective
      as modality "A" in SR and HR groups; estimated disease free survival is 60.5% +/-
      9% in "A" and 71 +/- 8.5% in "B" therapy. Mortality by infections in patients in
      remission was less than 4%. This low proportion can be attributed in part to
      continuous use of cotromoxazol. Main conclusions of this study are: 1. Need for
      more intensive induction and consolidation therapy, especially in high-risk
      patients, and 2. That prolonged (5 months) intrathecal chemotherapy can
      substitute cranial irradiation in CNS prophylaxis.

PMID- 3867302
TI  - Some basic aspects of coupling in secondary active transport.

PMID- 3867303
TI  - Kinetic model of the brush-border proline/sodium (IMINO) cotransporter.

PMID- 3867304
TI  - Alkali cations, freeze-thawing and reconstitution of Na+-dependent amino-acid
      transport activity.

PMID- 3867305
TI  - Glycine uptake in pig kidney cortex brush-border membrane vesicles: effect of Cl
      .

PMID- 3867306
TI  - Glucose transport in a model of the rat proximal tubule epithelium.

PMID- 3867307
TI  - Musings on the role of ion transport on cell volume regulation.

PMID- 3867308
TI  - Regulation and genetics of amino acid transport.

PMID- 3867309
TI  - Gene transfer and cloning of the amino-acid transport system L from human cells.

PMID- 3867310
TI  - Regulation of the sodium-coupled glucose transport by glucose: protein synthesis
      dependence.

PMID- 3867311
TI  - Renal beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta OHB) transport in streptozotocin (Sz)-induced
      diabetic rats.

PMID- 3867312
TI  - Biologic regulation of Na/H antiporter activity in a cultured kidney cell line:
      effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH).

PMID- 3867313
TI  - Different temperature sensitivity and cation specificity of two distinct D
      glucose/Na+ cotransport systems in the intestinal brush-border membrane.

PMID- 3867314
TI  - Electrical potential dependence of Na+-sugar cotransport determined using TPP+
      influx.

PMID- 3867316
TI  - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

PMID- 3867315
TI  - Biochemical properties of the Na-D-glucose cotransport system in renal brush
      border membranes.

PMID- 3867317
TI  - The human major histocompatibility complex. Genes and proteins.

PMID- 3867318
TI  - [Cutaneous alternariosis in AIDS].

PMID- 3867319
TI  - Oral submucous fibrosis in a Saudi female.

PMID- 3867320
TI  - Occurrence of fissured tongue, geographic tongue and filiform atrophy among
      dental patients in Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 3867321
TI  - Localized idiopathic gingival fibromatosis with an unusual fibroma resulting.

PMID- 3867322
TI  - Facial solitary sub-cutaneous lipoma.

PMID- 3867323
TI  - Glycogen and vascular changes in diabetic and nondiabetic gingiva.

PMID- 3867324
TI  - Recurrent herpetic ulceration--a clinico-cytologic study.

PMID- 3867325
TI  - Patient versus tumor: a need to redirect therapy?

PMID- 3867326
TI  - The nut notch--a diagnostic sign of an oral habit.

PMID- 3867327
TI  - The response of dental schools to changes in the market for dentistry.

PMID- 3867328
TI  - Facial sinuses: cases of mistaken identity.

PMID- 3867330
TI  - Cilastatin does not alter superoxide dismutase activity.
AB  - Cilastatin inhibits dehydropeptidase-I, a zinc metaloenzyme that metabolizes
      imipenem. Because zinc stabilizes the mammalian superoxide dismutase, we
      postulated that cilastatin would also inhibit the dismutase. Cilastatin
      concentrations at levels threefold higher than those expected in urine, however,
      did not inhibit the superoxide dismutase activity.

PMID- 3867329
TI  - Prevention of oncogenic viral infections in mice with CGP 11637, a synthetic
      muramyl dipeptide analog.
AB  - The efficacy of N-acetyl-nor-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (nor-MDP) in
      controlling viral oncogenesis in mice was investigated. The tumors studied were
      blood cell malignancies induced by Friend leukemia virus in SJL/J mice,
      spontaneous mammary neoplasms in RIII/Imr and C3H/OuJ mice, and spontaneous
      lymphocytic leukemia in AKR/J mice. A transplantable tumor, Lewis lung carcinoma,
      in C57BL/6J mice was used as a nonvirally induced control model. The nor-MDP was
      dissolved in saline and made into an emulsion with an equal volume of squalene
      Arlacel A and injected subcutaneously at 1- to 2-month intervals. Test and
      control mice were challenged with exogenous virus or tumor transplant 2 weeks
      after a second injection of nor-MDP. Administration was started at around 2
      months of age in mice that develop spontaneous neoplasms. Electron microscopy
      studies were done on neoplastic tissues of selected test and control mice. This
      administration of nor-MDP prevented erythroleukemia in SJL/J mice caused by low
      doses of Friend leukemia virus (although erythroleukemia survivors were not
      protected from a late-developing lymphoma) and also delayed (possibly prevented)
      the development of a spontaneous mammary neoplasm in RIII/Imr mice. No antitumor
      effects were observed on the spontaneous neoplasms of C3H/OuJ and AKR/J mice or
      on the Lewis lung carcinoma implanted into C57BL/6J mice. Electron microscopic
      examinations of the various neoplastic tissues indicated that nor-MDP
      administration eliminated or reduced extracellular viruses. The results suggested
      that under the experimental conditions used nor-MDP appears to effect the viruses
      and not the malignant cells per se.

PMID- 3867331
TI  - Stability of imipenem in Mueller-Hinton agar stored at 4 degrees C.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to measure the stability of imipenem in
      Mueller-Hinton agar stored at 4 degrees C over time. MICs for Staphylococcus
      aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC
      25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were determined in triplicate daily
      for up to 15 days. The calculated mean time to observe a shift of one dilution in
      MIC endpoints was 4.33 +/- 1.25 days. For routine work, imipenem agar dilution
      plates should be prepared within 48 to 72 h of the test.

PMID- 3867332
TI  - Type V glycogen storage disease.
AB  - We describe three children with type V glycogen storage disease, who were
      reluctant to climb hills. We suggest that this condition, usually described as
      being of adult onset, can often be diagnosed in childhood.

PMID- 3867333
TI  - [Manipulations in genetic engineering. Consequences and fields of application].
AB  - The genetic engineering permits to produce useful proteins. Authors describe some
      aspects of cloning strategies and the principal applications in medical,
      industrial and agricultural domains.

PMID- 3867334
TI  - [Infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy in twins].
AB  - The authors report two cases of infantile metachromatic leucodystrophy in
      monozygotic female twins, born from a second cousin marriage (f = 1/32). The
      zygosity was determined by means of obstetrics and genetics marker findings.

PMID- 3867335
TI  - Microbial contamination of domiciliary nebuliser therapy equipment.
AB  - Fifty-two outpatients requiring domiciliary nebulised bronchodilator therapy were
      studied to determine the frequency and degree of contamination of nebuliser
      solutions and equipment. In 32 of the 52 patients (61%) nebuliser solutions
      and/or aerosols were contaminated. The degree of contamination was greater than
      that of ambient air in 90% of the contaminated aerosols. Diluent solutions were
      more frequently contaminated than salbutamol solutions (51% vs. 9%) and the
      organisms isolated from the solutions frequently correlated with those in
      aerosols. Gram-negative bacilli, particularly Pseudomonas species, were the most
      frequently isolated organisms.

PMID- 3867336
TI  - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography in patients with carotid territory
      ischemia: a prospective trial.
AB  - To evaluate the place of intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV-DSA) in
      the investigation of patients with carotid territory ischemia, we have compared
      the IV-DSA and conventional angiographic (CA) findings in 40 patients in a
      prospective study. Arterial disease was assessed by grading stenosis from zero
      (normal artery) to six (complete occlusion) and recording any luminal ulceration.
      In 59 of 66 bifurcations imaged by both techniques, the IV-DSA evaluation of any
      internal carotid artery origin disease was within one grade of the CA assessment,
      with three false negatives and four false positives. Luminal ulceration was less
      reliably predicted, and two clinically important middle cerebral artery lesions
      were missed by IV-DSA. In 11 patients who had carotid endarterectomy, there was a
      good correlation between surgical, CA, and IV-DSA findings, although some
      ulcerations were not detected by either angiographic technique. These results
      suggest that IV-DSA is a sensitive technique for detection of carotid bifurcation
      stenosis when the study is of good quality, but that intracranial lesions may be
      missed.

PMID- 3867337
TI  - Peptic ulcer surgery in Singapore, 1951-80, with particular reference to racial
      differences in incidence.
AB  - The incidence of operations for peptic ulcer increased in Singapore during the
      period 1951 to 1980 (males from 12.1 to 40.0 per 100,000 per year; females from
      1.1 to 13.2 per 100,000 per year). This increase is due to an increase in surgery
      for both perforated and non-perforated ulcers. While an increase in elective
      ulcer surgery may be due to a number of factors, the increase in surgery for
      perforated ulcers suggests that peptic ulcers have increased in frequency over
      this period. The incidence of peptic ulcer surgery amongst the Chinese was higher
      than that amongst the Malays and the Indians. For males, however, this difference
      between the Chinese and the Malays became less marked over the thirty years. In
      contrast, the difference between the Chinese and the Indians remained constant.

PMID- 3867338
TI  - The quality of cause of death data for young Australian men.
AB  - Accuracy and consistency of death certification and coding practices in Australia
      were examined in relation to a defined population of 552 young men who died aged
      20 to 40 years. For each death a mock death certificate was prepared by a team of
      physicians using all available clinical, pathological, and coronial data. These
      certificates, and their International Classification of Diseases (ICD 8) codes
      derived by an Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) nosologist, were compared
      with the actual death registration papers and their ICD 8 codes. Data for deaths
      from malignant neoplasms were also compared with results of histopathological
      review. The mock death certificates were superior to the true death certificates
      in both completeness of content and accuracy of the recorded cause of death. The
      major source of discrepancies was unsatisfactory narrative on the original death
      certificates, the standard of which varied with Australian state and with cause
      of death. The cause of death coding by ABS was of high standard, but its coding
      practices generally identify only death certificates where content is inadequate
      for specific coding. Where the narrative is sufficiently specific to be coded
      there is no mechanism for checking the accuracy of the cause of death recorded.
      Suggestions are made for improving the narrative.

PMID- 3867339
TI  - Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure.
AB  - In order to determine the prevalence of rhabdomyolysis-associated acute renal
      failure (RM-ARF) and assess the effect of oliguria on biochemical features in
      this condition, 127 cases of ARF seen over 18 months were reviewed. Eleven cases
      of RM-ARF were seen, a prevalence of 8.6% of all cases of ARF. There were ten
      males and one female (age range 15-72 years) with precipitating events being
      trauma in three, coma in two, infection in two and other causes in five. Ten had
      concurrent clinical or historical evidence of dehydration, two had mild
      hypokalemia, and one abused alcohol. Serum and urine myoglobin by
      radioimmunoassay were greater than 800 ng/l in all cases tested. False negative
      tests for urine myoglobin by o-tolidine reaction after (NH4)2SO4 extraction
      occurred in four cases. Despite attempted forced saline diuresis and urinary
      alkalinisation, seven became oliguric and required dialysis for 12-81 days.
      Initially (pre-dialysis) oliguric patients had significantly higher maximum serum
      levels of potassium, phosphate, and rate of rise of creatinine, significantly
      lower trough levels of calcium, and no significant difference in peak creatine
      phosphokinase or uric acid levels than non-oliguric patients. Two subjects
      developed recovery phase hypercalcemia, four required fasciotomy for compartment
      syndromes, three sustained permanent nerve damage, and three required limb
      amputation. Ten survived, with a mean creatinine clearance of 96 ml/min after
      nine to 30 months. RM-ARF is common, may be clinically occult and show false
      negative urine myoglobin tests. Hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia
      are more common in oliguric than in non-oliguric RM-ARF, but both have a good
      prognosis with appropriate medical and surgical management.

PMID- 3867340
TI  - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. Clinical, electrophysiological, and
      pathological features.
AB  - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) describes the syndrome of
      recurrent ventricular tachycardia of right ventricular origin and cardiomyopathic
      changes of the right ventricle. We report the clinical, electrophysiologic, and
      angiographic characteristics of four patients who presented with ventricular
      tachycardia of left bundle branch block configuration, and in whom the right
      ventricular origin of tachycardia was confirmed by endocardial mapping, and a
      diagnosis of ARVD was substantiated by histological examination. ARVD should be
      suspected in all patients with ventricular tachycardia of left bundle branch
      block configuration, especially in young adults with an otherwise normal heart.
      Once suspected, diagnosis can often be established by non-invasive investigation.
      Surgical treatment may be difficult because of the diffuse nature of right
      ventricular involvement.

PMID- 3867341
TI  - Risk factors associated with hepatitis B infection in antenatal patients.
AB  - Risk factors associated with HBsAg carriers were prospectively examined in 1821
      women attending the Antenatal Clinic of an inner-city obstetrics hospital. Of the
      sample, 3.2% were HBsAg carriers and 28.7% of 725 tested for anti-HBs were
      positive. Birth in a country where the prevalence of HBsAg is high and Aboriginal
      ancestry were the major associated factors rather than a past history of
      hepatitis or intravenous drug use. Women from Indochina or the Pacific region, if
      HBsAg-positive, were more likely than other carriers to have markers of viral
      replication including HBeAg, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, and DNA polymerase.
      Evidence of past infection with HBV also varied with country of birth, but 11% of
      women with no apparent risk factors for prior HBV infection were anti-HBs
      positive. This study indicates the need for a screening programme for HBsAg in
      antenatal populations.

PMID- 3867342
TI  - Control of cardiac valve related hemolytic anemia by sulphinpyrazone.
AB  - Sulphinpyrazone has a beneficial effect in a patient with hemolytic anemia
      related to cardiac valve prostheses. It may also have a clinically significant
      role in the control of symptoms and may delay the need for surgery.

PMID- 3867343
TI  - Hypophosphatemic rickets, hyperparathyroidism, and hyperthyroidism with
      hypercalcemia.
AB  - We describe a case of hypophosphatemic rickets in which hyperparathyroidism and
      hypercalcemia developed and were possibly secondary to co-existent
      hyperthyroidism. During the period of hypercalcemia with high immunoreactive
      parathyroid hormone levels the serum inorganic phosphorus level became, and
      remained, normal. This supports the concept that renal tubular phosphate
      absorption may be sensitive to calcium.

PMID- 3867344
TI  - Life-threatening sepsis complicating heavy metal chelation therapy with
      desferrioxamine.
AB  - A case of severe Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia in a hemodialysis patient
      receiving desferrioxamine (DFX) therapy is reported. The association between
      systemic yersiniosis and DFX chelation therapy is reviewed. The increasing
      application of DFX chelation, in iron overload states and for aluminium overload
      in dialysis patients, provides an increasing number of patients at risk for this
      unusual drug side effect. An awareness of the association between Yersinia sepsis
      and DFX therapy allows appropriate therapeutic intervention which may prove
      lifesaving.

PMID- 3867345
TI  - Pulmonary dirofilariasis diagnosed by computerised tomography scan controlled
      percutaneous needle aspiration.
AB  - The use of computerised tomography has enabled a small lesion to be successfully
      aspirated with a percutaneous needle. The tissue obtained was characteristic of
      Dirofilaria immitis; thus a thoracotomy was unnecessary.

PMID- 3867346
TI  - Chronic idiopathic megaduodenum in a family.

PMID- 3867347
TI  - Kernicterus in term infants.
AB  - Kernicterus is a frequent occurrence in Chinese term infants. In a previous
      study, the mean level of serum bilirubin of 152 kernicteric infants was 35.4
      mg/dl (605.3 mumol/l) and the range was 22.3-50 mg/dl. More recently, three
      further term infants developed kernicterus and one exhibited bilirubin level of
      only 23.3 mg/dl. Features of haemolysis were lacking in 56.8% of these infants.
      Evidence of brain damage occurred in 26.5% in a former series and in 5.5% of the
      more recent study of those infants who developed bilirubinaemia exceeding 20
      mg/dl. Such a high risk favours the present practice of exchange transfusion for
      rising bilirubin beyond 20 mg/dl (342 mumol/l) in Chinese term infants.

PMID- 3867348
TI  - Functional appliances: which one, when? Part 1--Rationale for selection.

PMID- 3867349
TI  - Clinical orthodontic photography. Part I--Intra-oral.

PMID- 3867350
TI  - Vitamin A effects on UMR 106 osteosarcoma cells are not mediated by specific
      cytosolic receptors.
AB  - Retinol and retinoic acid at 20 microM altered cell morphology and inhibited cell
      proliferation of UMR 106 osteosarcoma cells in culture. No specific cytosolic
      binding proteins for retinol could be detected.

PMID- 3867352
TI  - [Isolation and characteristics of cyanogen bromide peptides of transducin alpha
      and beta subunits].
AB  - The alpha- and beta-subunits of the GTP-binding protein (transducin) from cattle
      retina were cleaved with cyanogen bromide. 21 peptides covering 90-100% of the
      amino acid sequence of the alpha- and beta-subunits were isolated from the
      hydrolyzate. Cyanogen bromide peptides complete or partial amino acid sequence
      was determined, the results were compared with those by Numa and coworkers [1]
      and Lochrie et al. [2] at the primary structure of the transducin alpha-subunit
      deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA. The structure by Lochrie is
      shown to differ much from the true structure of the alpha-subunit; probably, the
      investigators isolated cDNA, corresponding to the gene for some GTP-binding
      protein homologous to transducin, but not to the gene for the transducin alpha
      subunit. The Numa's structure also contains an error. The final primary structure
      of the transducin alpha-subunit is given. The protein polypeptide chain consists
      of 349 amino acid residues and has an acetylmethionine residue as the N-terminal
      residue.

PMID- 3867353
TI  - Determination of gemfibrozil in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A sensitive and specific method for the determination of 5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)
      2,2-dimethyl-pentanoic acid (gemfibrozil, Gevilon) at therapeutic concentrations
      in plasma is described. The method is based on high performance liquid
      chromatography and the use of ibuprofen as internal standard. Gemfibrozil and the
      internal standard are extracted from acidified plasma into cyclohexane and the
      resulting residue is analyzed on a commercial reversed phase column with
      acetonitrile/water 1:1 and 0.2% phosphoric acid as mobile phase. The eluted peaks
      are detected by UV-absorption at 225 nm. The sensitivity is approx. 50 ng/ml
      plasma using a 0.5-ml sample. The applicability to pharmacokinetic studies of
      gemfibrozil is demonstrated.

PMID- 3867351
TI  - Regulation of retinal transducin by C-terminal peptides of rhodopsin.
AB  - Transducin is a multi-subunit guanine-nucleotide-binding protein that mediates
      signal coupling between rhodopsin and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase in retinal rod
      outer segments. Whereas the T alpha subunit of transducin binds guanine
      nucleotides and is the activator of the phosphodiesterase, the T beta gamma
      subunit may function to link physically T alpha with photolysed rhodopsin. In
      order to determine the binding sites of rhodopsin to transducin, we have
      synthesized eight peptides (Rhod-1 etc.) that correspond to the C-terminal
      regions of rhodopsin and to several external and one internal loop region. These
      peptides were tested for their inhibition of restored GTPase activity of purified
      transducin reconstituted into depleted rod-outer-segment disc membranes. A marked
      inhibition of GTPase activity was observed when transducin was pre-incubated with
      peptides Rhod-1, Rhod-2 and Rhod-3. These peptides correspond to opsin amino acid
      residues 332-339, 324-331 and 317-321 respectively. Peptides corresponding to the
      three external loop regions or to the C-terminal residues 341-348 did not inhibit
      reconsituted GTPase activity. Likewise, Rhod-8, a peptide corresponding to an
      internal loop region of rhodopsin, did not inhibit GTPase activity. These
      findings support the concept that these specific regions of the C-terminus of
      rhodopsin serve as recognition sites for transducin.

PMID- 3867354
TI  - Study of the effects of cicletanine on prostanoids.
AB  - The effect of cicletanine (BN 1270), a new furopyridine derivative, on human
      prostaglandin metabolism was investigated in a single-blind, two-way crossover
      study in healthy volunteers. Two dosages, 150 and 300 mg, were prescribed in
      single and 14-day regimens. There was a rapid and sustained increase in urinary
      excretion of the prostacyclin metabolite 6-keto-prostaglandin F1a which was
      independent of duration of treatment and urine flow. This response supports
      earlier evidence for an important stimulatory effect of cicletanine on
      prostacyclin synthesis and may contribute to the mechanism of antihypertensive
      action of the drug.

PMID- 3867355
TI  - Variation in serum lipid and lipoprotein levels associated with changes in
      smoking behaviour in non-obese Caucasian males.
AB  - A population of healthy male caucasians was analysed with respect to lipid and
      lipoprotein parameters, according to differences in current and previous smoking
      patterns. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and the HDL2 subfraction
      were significantly higher in non-smokers compared to current smokers. In ex
      smokers, the levels of these 2 parameters increased with the length of time since
      giving up the habit, until levels were no longer distinguishable from non
      smokers. A similar increase was observed for weight, although both triglyceride
      and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels decreased. Low density lipoprotein
      (LDL) levels showed no significant variation in any of the comparisons. Lower
      alcohol consumption in both the ex-smokers, and in the non-smokers may account
      partially for the changes in triglyceride and VLDL, although the same observation
      is contrary to the effects observed in both HDL and HDL2.

PMID- 3867356
TI  - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a study of 53 patients and review of the
      literature.

PMID- 3867357
TI  - Peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: five years of clinical
      experience.

PMID- 3867358
TI  - A longitudinal prospective study among Puerto Rican diabetic patients.

PMID- 3867359
TI  - The restrictive pattern of pulmonary dysfunction in bronchiectasis.

PMID- 3867360
TI  - Doppler, M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography in patent ductus arteriosus.

PMID- 3867362
TI  - $137,000 verdict against surgeon reversed by court.

PMID- 3867361
TI  - Puffer fish (tetrodotoxin) poisoning: case report.

PMID- 3867363
TI  - Mother sues physician for revealing her identity to adoptee.

PMID- 3867364
TI  - New trial for suit for negligent hysterectomy.

PMID- 3867365
TI  - New trial for suit for unneeded hysterectomy.

PMID- 3867366
TI  - Surgeon negligent in treating eye problem.

PMID- 3867367
TI  - Smokeless safe, manufacturers say. Support ban for underage users; stress adult
      choice.

PMID- 3867368
TI  - Smokeless tobacco warnings proposed. FTC calls for experts; state seeks new
      rules.

PMID- 3867369
TI  - Traditional private practice 'prospering'. Seventy-four percent of dentists in
      solo practice.

PMID- 3867370
TI  - Malpractice legislation faces uphill fight in six states. Proposed bills seek
      dismissal of frivolous suits, caps on awards.

PMID- 3867371
TI  - Dentist supply numbers computed. ADA disagrees with government's projection.

PMID- 3867372
TI  - US market increases for smokeless tobacco. Regulatory, education efforts under
      way across country.

PMID- 3867373
TI  - Dentists' health results analyzed. Average urinary mercury levels found lower.

PMID- 3867374
TI  - FTC seeks to seat panel on smokeless. Warning labels eyed among regulatory
      options.

PMID- 3867375
TI  - [A cocktail of materials].

PMID- 3867377
TI  - [Flap design].

PMID- 3867376
TI  - [Diagnosis of periodontitis].

PMID- 3867378
TI  - [Where are the apices?].

PMID- 3867379
TI  - [God save the King!].

PMID- 3867380
TI  - [Suprofen in oral medicine].

PMID- 3867381
TI  - [Water loss in various types of gypsum in relation to humidity].

PMID- 3867382
TI  - [This ceramic is a friend of bone].

PMID- 3867383
TI  - [The search for truth].

PMID- 3867384
TI  - [A small magnet spies on mastication].

PMID- 3867385
TI  - [Mastication using the computer].

PMID- 3867386
TI  - [Fixed rule: variability].

PMID- 3867387
TI  - [The teeth of Italians. Views of themselves and views of doctors].

PMID- 3867388
TI  - [Toxicity of local anesthetics].

PMID- 3867389
TI  - [Critical period: the first 3 months].

PMID- 3867390
TI  - [Where is the tooth?].

PMID- 3867391
TI  - [Carcinoma of the lip].

PMID- 3867392
TI  - [Electronics for the study of mandibular kinematics].

PMID- 3867393
TI  - The use of microcomputers to aid dental health education in primary schools.

PMID- 3867394
TI  - Enoxacin decreases the clearance of theophylline in man.
AB  - In patients treated concurrently with theophylline and enoxacin, a new broad
      spectrum antibacterial agent of the quinolone class, unexpectedly high plasma
      theophylline concentrations were measured. In part I of this study, daily plasma
      theophylline concentrations were measured in 14 patients. The mean +/- s.d.
      theophylline concentrations increased from 8.5 +/- 2.8 micrograms ml-1 prior to
      enoxacin to a maximum of 21.7 +/- 7.8 micrograms ml-1 during coadministration. In
      part II, six of these patients received aminophylline intravenously at a constant
      infusion rate and under controlled conditions. Plasma theophylline concentrations
      rose from 8.4 +/- 2.4 micrograms ml-1 prior to enoxacin treatment to 15.0 +/- 5.1
      micrograms ml-1 at day 3 of coadministration (P less than 0.005). Plasma protein
      binding and renal clearance of theophylline remained unchanged, whereas total
      body clearance of theophylline significantly decreased (P less than 0.005). From
      these observations it is concluded that the rise of plasma theophylline
      concentrations is caused by a reduced metabolic clearance of theophylline. If
      concomitant use of both drugs is necessary, monitoring of plasma theophylline
      concentration and adjustment of the theophylline dose is recommended.

PMID- 3867396
TI  - Light-cured composites: the importance of the light source.

PMID- 3867395
TI  - A repertory grid study of restrained eaters.
AB  - This study addressed the cognitive processes associated with eating restraint, a
      subclinical form of disordered eating marked by chronic dietary consciousness,
      food deprivation and binging-purging. Results of a repertory grid testing of 68
      college women indicated that higher levels of restraint were related to more
      negative and simplistic self-schema. Findings are interpreted as suggesting the
      importance of considering possible cognitive--as well as behavioural and
      affective--components in the treatment of disordered eating. This interpretation
      is discussed in relation to an account of disordered eating based on Kelly's
      (1955) personal construct theory and treatment implications are noted.

PMID- 3867397
TI  - A CDHA National Survey. The Canadian dental hygienist distant learner.

PMID- 3867398
TI  - [The preferred approach to behavior modification].

PMID- 3867399
TI  - St. Lucia dental health project.

PMID- 3867400
TI  - Dental health manpower planning: the C.D.H.A. perspective. Statement of the
      Canadian Dental Hygienists' Association to the Canadian Dental Association
      National Manpower Symposium.

PMID- 3867401
TI  - Pregnancy gingivitis and the dental hygienist's intervention.

PMID- 3867402
TI  - Phase II trial of epirubicin in gastric cancer.
AB  - Patients with advanced inoperable or recurrent adenocarcinoma of the stomach
      received an iv bolus of epirubicin (75 mg/m2) every 3 weeks. Partial responses
      were observed in four of 24 evaluable patients (17%). Treatment was generally
      well tolerated; a drop in left ventricular ejection fraction was observed in one
      patient who had received 450 mg/m2 of epirubicin.

PMID- 3867403
TI  - Treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia in blastic crisis with chemotherapy
      incorporating vindesine-prednisolone.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in terminal
      transformation were treated with a regimen incorporating vindesine (a new
      derivative of vinblastine), prednisolone, and additional cytarabine. Of 21
      patients in blastic crisis, complete remission (CR) was achieved in 15 (71.4%).
      All of five patients with lymphoid morphology and ten of 12 with myeloid
      morphology (83.3%) achieved CR, while none of four with monocytoid morphology
      achieved CR. Two patients in accelerated phase also attained CR. Our results
      compare favorably with those of other regimens in this refractory disorder and
      indicate that the regimens incorporating vindesine, prednisolone, and additional
      cytarabine may be recommended in the treatment of CML-blastic crisis with both
      lymphoid and myeloid morphology and accelerated phase of CML as well.

PMID- 3867404
TI  - Metoclopramide in vincristine-induced ileus.
AB  - Three cases of vincristine-induced gastrointestinal toxicity were treated with
      metoclopramide. Two patients had severe abdominal pain and adynamic ileus, while
      the third had severe constipation and abdominal bloating. Rapid resolution of
      symptoms occurred in all three patients. Metoclopramide may, therefore, prove
      useful in the treatment of these not infrequent toxic effects of vinca alkaloids.

PMID- 3867405
TI  - Phase II study of aclarubicin in patients with lymphoma.
AB  - Aclarubicin, a new anthracycline antibiotic with less cardiotoxicity relative to
      doxorubicin, was utilized in 33 patients with advanced lymphoma at a dose of 100
      mg/m2 iv every 3 weeks. Five patients developed partial response (2, 2, 2, 4, and
      8+ months). None of the patients who had received prior anthracycline responded
      to aclarubicin. The dose-limiting toxic effect was hematologic. One of ten
      patients having serial measurements of cardiac function had a significant
      reduction in left ventricular function, but cardiac symptoms did not occur.

PMID- 3867406
TI  - Aclarubicin given as continuous infusion in non-small cell bronchogenic
      carcinoma.

PMID- 3867407
TI  - Induction of differentiation in murine erythroleukemia cells by flavonoids.

PMID- 3867408
TI  - Effect of prostaglandin E2 on serum iron after acute and chronic blood loss.
AB  - The effect of prostaglandin E2 on serum iron of New Zealand rabbits subjected to
      acute and chronic blood loss is demonstrated. The results showed that acute blood
      loss was followed by significant elevation of serum iron when sera were tested on
      day three after the bleeding. With subcutaneous injection of 40 micrograms/kg
      body weight of prostaglandin E2 for each 12 h of the experiment, acute blood loss
      was followed by a significant reduction in serum iron within the same period.
      Similar results were obtained after chronic blood loss when subcutaneous
      injection of 20 micrograms/kg body weight of prostaglandin E2 was used for each
      12 h of the experiment. It could be concluded that the prostaglandin E2 causes
      marked lowering of serum iron following blood loss.

PMID- 3867409
TI  - Proceedings of the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental
      Pharmacologists. 5-7 December 1984, Victoria, Australia. Abstracts.

PMID- 3867410
TI  - Chemical and mechanical removal of plaque.

PMID- 3867411
TI  - The effectiveness of a new home plaque-removal instrument on plaque removal.

PMID- 3867412
TI  - A four-week evaluation of oral health in orthodontic patients using a new plaque
      removal device.

PMID- 3867414
TI  - Plaque removal with a new powered instrument for orthodontic patients in fixed
      appliances.

PMID- 3867413
TI  - Effectiveness of a new home plaque-removal instrument in removing subgingival and
      interproximal plaque: a preliminary in vivo report.

PMID- 3867415
TI  - Patient motivation and locus of control.

PMID- 3867416
TI  - In vitro studies of the hard-tissue abrasivity of a new home plaque-removal
      instrument.

PMID- 3867417
TI  - Evaluation of the effectiveness of the INTERPLAK home plaque removal instrument
      on plaque removal and orthodontic patients.

PMID- 3867418
TI  - Altered regulation of adenylate cyclase after toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation.

PMID- 3867420
TI  - [Van der Woude syndrome].

PMID- 3867419
TI  - Induction of terminal differentiation and nuclear appendage(s) formation in a
      human myeloid leukaemia cell line (HL-60).
AB  - In vitro terminal differentiation in a female myeloid leukaemia cell line (HL-60)
      was induced by either of the two inducing agents, dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and
      dimethylformamide (DMF). A higher frequency of more mature myeloid cells was
      noted with increasing concentrations of the inducing agents up to the optimal
      dose limits for cell viability, and with longer post-induction incubation
      periods. The highest percentage of polymorphs was obtained at 8 days post
      induction with 1.25% DMSO and after 6 and 8 days exposure to 90 mM DMF. A
      proportion of polymorphs showed non-sex specific drumstick-like nuclear
      appendages, which were morphologically similar to the sex-specific drumsticks
      found in polymorphs from normal females in vivo. The correlation between the
      nuclear lobe counts and the frequencies of drumstick-like appendages in
      polymorphs was also similar to that reported for drumsticks in blood cells in
      vivo. The various stages of terminal differentiation and nuclear appendage
      formation in polymorphs under induced differentiation were similar to those
      occurring in vivo. Chromosomal analyses of this cell line indicated that
      individual cells had lost one X chromosome, and no portion of the missing X was
      detected in any of the rearranged chromosomes. Since no truly sex-specific
      drumsticks appeared to be present in the polymorphs of this cell line containing
      only one X chromosome, the study supports the accepted notion that there is a
      correlation between drumstick frequency and the presence of one versus two X
      chromosomes.

PMID- 3867421
TI  - [The importance of early diagnosis in the prognosis and treatment of oral
      malignant neoplasms].

PMID- 3867422
TI  - [Endoscopy of the maxillary sinus].

PMID- 3867423
TI  - [Changes in the width of the dental arch between 3.5 and 8.5 years of age].

PMID- 3867424
TI  - [Methods of measuring the palate height].

PMID- 3867425
TI  - [Problems in the congenital absence of tooth buds of permanent teeth].

PMID- 3867426
TI  - [The degree of mineralization of permanent teeth at the moment of eruption].

PMID- 3867427
TI  - [Root surface caries. A review of the literature].

PMID- 3867428
TI  - [Treatment of fractures of the middle part of the root using the Frank method].

PMID- 3867429
TI  - [Foetor ex ore--halitosis].

PMID- 3867430
TI  - [Evaluation of the effect of toothbrushing with various toothpastes on the pH of
      the saliva and dental plaque].

PMID- 3867431
TI  - [2 years' clinical evaluation of fillings made of Biotrey and Silicap materials].

PMID- 3867432
TI  - [Quantitative evaluation of marginal adaptation of materials used for filling
      hard dental tissue defects].

PMID- 3867433
TI  - [Effect of demineralized allogenous dentin grafts on osteogenesis in the rabbit
      mandible].

PMID- 3867434
TI  - [Chemical studies of the 3d molars].

PMID- 3867435
TI  - [Effect of various herbicides on the parotid glands and oral mucosa of rats].

PMID- 3867436
TI  - [Effect of toothbrushing with various abrasives--tooth cleaning powders--on the
      pH of the saliva and dental plaque].

PMID- 3867437
TI  - [The role of dentists in the diagnosis of facial pains].

PMID- 3867438
TI  - [Neck cysts in material from the Department of Maxillary Surgery, Medical Academy
      in Warsaw].

PMID- 3867439
TI  - [Oblique splitting of the mandibular ramus and the mandibular angle using the Dal
      Ponto method].

PMID- 3867440
TI  - [Qualification and preparation of patients for surgical retropositioning of the
      mandible].

PMID- 3867441
TI  - [Maxillary orthopedic and logopedic treatment of children with cleft palate].

PMID- 3867442
TI  - [The oral cavity and the results of the Giza test for vitamin C analysis in
      workers exposed to harmful factors].

PMID- 3867443
TI  - [Evaluation of the irritability threshold of immature permanent incisors].

PMID- 3867444
TI  - [The effect of copper dust on the stomatognathic system in workers in a wire- and
      cable-producing plant].

PMID- 3867445
TI  - [Evaluation of the physical properties of 4 kinds of zinc oxide-eugenol cement
      and endomethasone and their usefulness as root canal filling materials].

PMID- 3867446
TI  - [Caries in the deciduous teeth in relation to the pregnancy of the mother and
      neonatal period of the child].

PMID- 3867447
TI  - [Acetylcholinesterase activity in the mixed saliva of subjects living in areas of
      differing fluoride content in the drinking water].

PMID- 3867448
TI  - [Composite odontoma of the jaw].

PMID- 3867450
TI  - [Photoplethysmography as a method of studying the functional status of
      periodontal vessels].

PMID- 3867449
TI  - [Salivary immunoglobulins in chronic recurrent aphthae of the oral mucosa].

PMID- 3867451
TI  - [Use of photoplethysmography for the diagnosis of periodontal diseases].

PMID- 3867452
TI  - [Urbach-Wiethe disease (hyalinosis cutis and mucosae syndrome)].

PMID- 3867453
TI  - [Oral procedures and various occupational hazards].

PMID- 3867454
TI  - [Amalgam fracture caused by combined pressure loads].

PMID- 3867455
TI  - [Estimation of caries increase in permanent teeth in children after 3 years of
      toothbrushing with an aqueous solution of sodium fluoride acidified with
      orthophosphoric acid].

PMID- 3867456
TI  - [Initiation of deciduous tooth eruption in Lublin children in relation to their
      sex].

PMID- 3867457
TI  - [Clinical status of teeth, periodontium, oral mucosa and salivary lysozyme
      activity in workers of Polfa pharmaceutical laboratories].

PMID- 3867458
TI  - [The cariogenic effect of various sweetening agents as evaluated in an intraoral
      model].

PMID- 3867459
TI  - [Osteodental dysplasia in a 16-year-old boy].

PMID- 3867460
TI  - [Effect of boxing training on the temporomandibular joint].

PMID- 3867462
TI  - [A case of a salivary gland lithiasis in the upper lip].

PMID- 3867461
TI  - [Coexistence of a dentigerous cyst with a hamartomatous odontoma].

PMID- 3867463
TI  - [Effect of dento-occlusal complications on the treatment of anterior
      malocclusion].

PMID- 3867464
TI  - [Occlusal form in children from an area with excessive fluoride in the drinking
      water].

PMID- 3867465
TI  - [The occlusal surface: significance and determination].

PMID- 3867466
TI  - [Psychological acceptance of dentures].

PMID- 3867467
TI  - [Intra-oral protection and orthodontics].

PMID- 3867469
TI  - [Orthodontics and esthetics].

PMID- 3867468
TI  - [Treatment of the complications of pulp gangrene: clinical evaluation of a
      modified Walkhoff paste used in abutment technics].

PMID- 3867470
TI  - [Esthetics and periodontics: gingival recession].

PMID- 3867471
TI  - [Esthetics and responsibility].

PMID- 3867472
TI  - [Radiology and measurements in implantology].

PMID- 3867473
TI  - [Poison control].

PMID- 3867474
TI  - [The dangers of the supposed "Mach band" effect in dental radiography. Apropos of
      3 cases].

PMID- 3867475
TI  - [Experience with a semi-synthetic penicillin in oral medicine. Methampicillin].

PMID- 3867476
TI  - [For underwater diving: from a personalized standard mouthpiece to a customized
      mouthpiece].

PMID- 3867477
TI  - [The salivary glands in the elderly].

PMID- 3867478
TI  - [The awakening and victories of hypno-sophrology].

PMID- 3867479
TI  - [Skeletal changes, particularly of the cranio-facial skeleton and the dental
      system during human evolution. Imaginable future forecasts].

PMID- 3867480
TI  - [Study on diseased cementum endotoxin].

PMID- 3867481
TI  - [Electron microscopy study of oral squamous cell carcinoma].

PMID- 3867482
TI  - [Adjacent advancement flap with subcutaneous pedicle for facial defect].

PMID- 3867483
TI  - [The development of a mandibular kinesiograph and the study of mandibular
      movement in normal subjects].

PMID- 3867484
TI  - [Classification of TMJ syndrome].

PMID- 3867486
TI  - [Characteristics of the mineral composition of dental enamel].

PMID- 3867485
TI  - [Lateral trapezius myocutaneous island flap: anatomic study and its clinical
      application].

PMID- 3867487
TI  - [Preliminary evaluation of a latissimus dorsi osteomyocutaneous free flap for the
      reconstruction of massive compound defects of the lower face].

PMID- 3867488
TI  - [Cephalometry study of deep overbite (a type of upright and lingual inclination
      of the anterior teeth)].

PMID- 3867489
TI  - [Oral examination in Sjogren's syndrome].

PMID- 3867490
TI  - [The management of crown fractures of the permanent anterior teeth in children].

PMID- 3867492
TI  - [Sialolith of the submandibular gland: scanning electron microscope examination].

PMID- 3867491
TI  - [A study on the physiologic range of the forward movement of the condyle].

PMID- 3867493
TI  - [The inheritance of recurrent aphthous ulcers: analysis of 3,714 individuals
      surveyed in the Shenyang area].

PMID- 3867494
TI  - [One-stage root therapy for acute apical periodontitis].

PMID- 3867495
TI  - [Anatomical study of the mandibular nerve].

PMID- 3867496
TI  - [Clinical observation on the effect of lentinan (776) in improving cellular
      immunofunction in leukemia patients].

PMID- 3867498
TI  - [Convoluted nuclear cell malignant lymphoma in the infant--report of 2 autopsy
      cases].
AB  - Two autopsy cases of malignant lymphoma characterized by convoluted nuclear cells
      are presented. The two cases were infants under two years of age. One of the
      patients had a mediastinal tumor, both had marked lymph node involvement and were
      complicated with leukemia in the late course of the disease. High power and oil
      immersion microscopy showed that the surface of the nuclei in the neoplastic
      cells were convoluted in form of cerebral gyrus or mulberry. Though the typical
      convoluted nuclear cell being important morphologically, clinical history and
      histologic feature must be considered in the diagnosis of this tumor.

PMID- 3867499
TI  - [Natural healing methods for the dentist also?].

PMID- 3867497
TI  - Detection of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase activity in transfected cells: a
      rapid and sensitive HPLC-based method.
AB  - An assay based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been
      developed for determining the expression of the acetyl coenzyme A:
      chloramphenicol 3-O-acetyltransferase gene in transfected cells. The assay is
      based on the separation of extracted, nonradioactive chloramphenicol and its
      acetylated derivatives by reverse-phase HPLC, using UV absorbance for detection.
      In addition to eliminating the need for costly [14C]chloramphenicol, this assay
      is as sensitive and much faster than the commonly used method involving thin
      layer chromatography.

PMID- 3867500
TI  - [Problems of lymphangiology in oral medicine and orthodontics].

PMID- 3867501
TI  - [What is the correlation between the teeth and the whole body?].

PMID- 3867502
TI  - [Complications in local anesthesia].

PMID- 3867503
TI  - [Hepatitis virus and dental practice].

PMID- 3867504
TI  - Endosonics--the ultrasonic synergistic system of endodontics.

PMID- 3867505
TI  - Prognosis of luxated permanent teeth--the development of pulp necrosis.

PMID- 3867506
TI  - Bacteriologic status of the root canal after sonic, ultrasonic and hand
      instrumentation.

PMID- 3867507
TI  - Evaluation of a comprehensive approach to teaching preclinical endodontics.

PMID- 3867508
TI  - Intracanal cementosis following induced apical closure.

PMID- 3867509
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of imipenem-cilastatin in serum and tissue.

PMID- 3867510
TI  - Influence of GYKI-13504, a new antioestrogen, on the responsiveness of isolated
      uterus removed from oestradiol pretreated rats to PGF2 alpha.
AB  - The responsiveness of the uteri of ovariectomized rats pretreated either with E2
      or with a new antioestrogen, GYKI-13504 or with both agents simultaneously to
      PGF2 alpha was studied in vitro. The treatment with E2 caused a fortyfold
      reduction in the responsiveness of the uterus to PGF2 alpha. GYKI-13504 itself
      did not influence the sensitivity of this organ significantly, but inhibited the
      diminishing effect of E2.

PMID- 3867511
TI  - Concentrations of prostaglandins in plasma, seminal vesicles, and ovaries of
      aging C57BL/6NNia mice.
AB  - Concentrations of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (combined
      in the same radioimmunoassay) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) were
      analyzed in circulating plasma and seminal vesicles of 3- and 26 to 27-month-old
      males and in circulating plasma and ovaries of 3-, 6-, 14 to 18- and 26 to 30
      month-old female C57BL/6NNia mice. The amount of PGE declined in the plasma (P
      less than 0.05) and seminal vesicles (P less than 0.02) of aged male mice,
      whereas PGF2 alpha concentrations remained unchanged. There were no statistical
      differences in plasma or ovarian concentrations of PGE or PGF2 alpha when
      comparing the various age groups of female mice. It does not appear as if age
      related changes in prostaglandins play a significant role in reproductive
      senescence.

PMID- 3867512
TI  - Clinical assessment of the effect of ligated anterior repositioning splint
      therapy on facial growth.

PMID- 3867513
TI  - Treatment of anterior disk displacement with the removable Herbst appliance.

PMID- 3867514
TI  - [Dentistry and the qualified expert].

PMID- 3867515
TI  - [Increase in the temperature of the pulp: clinical considerations in the use of a
      new bur for prosthetic preparation].

PMID- 3867516
TI  - [The importance of the panoramic survey with an intraoral tube in oro-dental
      diagnosis].

PMID- 3867517
TI  - [The periodontal examination].

PMID- 3867518
TI  - [Control of communications in the dental office].

PMID- 3867519
TI  - [The development of the human dentition. IV].

PMID- 3867520
TI  - [Corrective orthodontic-surgical therapy of the results of an incorrect treatment
      in the closure of an inter-incisor diastema. I].

PMID- 3867521
TI  - [Halitosis: principle etiopathogenetic, diagnostic-therapeutic and preventive
      aspects].

PMID- 3867522
TI  - [Experimental comparison of 2 anesthetics, carbocaine and lotucaine, in
      dentistry].

PMID- 3867523
TI  - [Classification of new composite resin systems: analysis and evaluation].

PMID- 3867524
TI  - [Corrective orthodontic-surgical therapy of the results of an incorrect treatment
      in the closure of an inter-incisor diastema. II].

PMID- 3867525
TI  - [Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. I].

PMID- 3867527
TI  - [The treatment plan].

PMID- 3867526
TI  - [Progress in conservative dentistry: dentin adhesives. I: The treatment of
      devitalized teeth].

PMID- 3867528
TI  - [Standard computerized cephalometric analysis].

PMID- 3867529
TI  - [Orthodontic prevention].

PMID- 3867530
TI  - [Leukoplakia of the mouth: comparison of therapies].

PMID- 3867531
TI  - [Where is implantology today?].

PMID- 3867532
TI  - [Fractures of the zygomatic arch].

PMID- 3867533
TI  - [Emergencies: organization of first aid kits].

PMID- 3867535
TI  - [Restorative therapy of the carious processes of the 6th-year tooth].

PMID- 3867534
TI  - [The development of the human dentition. I].

PMID- 3867536
TI  - [Odontogenic cysts in childhood].

PMID- 3867537
TI  - [The risk of bacterial endocarditis in dental practice].

PMID- 3867538
TI  - [The development of the human dentition. II].

PMID- 3867540
TI  - [Further clinical experimental research on the anti-inflammatory action of
      tranexamic acid in oral surgery].

PMID- 3867539
TI  - [Construction of an electromagnetic device for the registration of moisture in
      dental practice].

PMID- 3867541
TI  - [Design of a solo practice office].

PMID- 3867542
TI  - [Occupational disease and the habits of dentists. I].

PMID- 3867543
TI  - [Isolation of the surgical field: a new proposal].

PMID- 3867544
TI  - [Chemotherapy in dental surgery: comparative study of chemotherapeutics in
      current use].

PMID- 3867545
TI  - [The treatment of infectious jaw diseases using oral administration of cefradine:
      clinical results].

PMID- 3867546
TI  - [Endodontic stabilization of mobile teeth: a method that should become routine].

PMID- 3867547
TI  - [Pathology of the salivary gland. III. Lithiasis].

PMID- 3867548
TI  - [The development of the human dentition. III].

PMID- 3867549
TI  - [Development of precancerous lesions and the incidence of oral cancer].

PMID- 3867550
TI  - [Oral aphthae: etiopathogenetic basis of current therapeutic approaches].

PMID- 3867552
TI  - The controversial effects of advertising in dentistry.

PMID- 3867551
TI  - [Training dental technicians. 28. The handling of articulator models and their
      mounting into the device].

PMID- 3867553
TI  - Expected functions of dental hygienists in Jerusalem. Perceptions of dentists and
      dental hygiene students.

PMID- 3867554
TI  - [Quality assurance in materials preparation].

PMID- 3867555
TI  - ["Technic: enemy or servant of research?" The mechanics of research. The types of
      inventors].

PMID- 3867556
TI  - ["technic: enemy or servant of research?" High tech--method or chance?].

PMID- 3867557
TI  - [Advertising: professional statements must be voiced--ADA rules as a guide?].

PMID- 3867558
TI  - The maintenance of dental health in patients undergoing orthodontic fixed
      appliance therapy.

PMID- 3867559
TI  - An account of training programmes in the United Kingdom for dental hygienists of
      the Syrian Arab Republic.

PMID- 3867561
TI  - Blue ribbon practice. Referrals multiply when patients know you care.

PMID- 3867560
TI  - Internal marketing. The kindness approach.

PMID- 3867562
TI  - Charting the way to missing kids.

PMID- 3867563
TI  - Direct reimbursement. Dental benefit plans require aggressive marketing.

PMID- 3867564
TI  - A staff bonus incentive program that really works.

PMID- 3867565
TI  - Selecting forms for your office computer.

PMID- 3867566
TI  - How to be a smart print buyer.

PMID- 3867567
TI  - Collections, overhead contribute to decreased income for groups.

PMID- 3867568
TI  - Which curing cycle is best?

PMID- 3867569
TI  - Enhanced aesthetics using simplified C & B techniques: the Talladium 'V' ceramo
      metal inlay/onlay.

PMID- 3867570
TI  - In-depth report on denture identification methods.

PMID- 3867571
TI  - ZOE cements: phase identification by thermal analysis.

PMID- 3867572
TI  - Corrosion resistance of three high-palladium alloys.

PMID- 3867573
TI  - Effect of free mercury on the strengths of dental amalgams.

PMID- 3867574
TI  - Denture base acrylic reinforced with high modulus fibre.

PMID- 3867575
TI  - Degree of polymerization between adjacent visible light-cured composite areas.

PMID- 3867576
TI  - Study of the antigenic properties of methyl methacrylate using the leukocyte
      migration inhibition test.

PMID- 3867577
TI  - Oral health perceptions and self-esteem in non-institutionalized older adults.

PMID- 3867578
TI  - Prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous adults.

PMID- 3867579
TI  - Multiple myeloma.

PMID- 3867581
TI  - Dental health of older Americans: planning for the future.

PMID- 3867580
TI  - Patterns of health and disease in the elderly.

PMID- 3867582
TI  - Considerations for the elderly denture patient.

PMID- 3867583
TI  - Clinical aids for the detection of oral cancer in the elderly.

PMID- 3867584
TI  - Mercury vapor emitted from disposable capsules placed in trash containers.

PMID- 3867585
TI  - A classification system of edentulous ridge problems in prosthodontics.

PMID- 3867586
TI  - Intraoral lipoma in the buccal vestibule.

PMID- 3867587
TI  - Tricalcium phosphate (Synthograft) in a vital homogeneous tooth transplant.

PMID- 3867588
TI  - Combined nevus superficial to a dermoid cyst.

PMID- 3867589
TI  - Primordial cyst with a twelve-year duration.

PMID- 3867590
TI  - Change in lingual varicosities.

PMID- 3867591
TI  - Head and maxillary enlargement.

PMID- 3867592
TI  - [Ambulatory anesthesia in oral medicine (critical review)].

PMID- 3867593
TI  - [Psychological sedation in ambulatory dentistry].

PMID- 3867594
TI  - [Antagonism in diazepam sedation with aminophylline in oro-dental practice].

PMID- 3867595
TI  - [Anesthetic treatment with lidocaine and carbocaine in dental patients with
      chronic hypercapnic respiratory insufficiency].

PMID- 3867596
TI  - Sedation for dentistry: a teaching programme for dental undergraduates.

PMID- 3867597
TI  - [Semi-ambulatory treatment in oro-dental surgery].

PMID- 3867598
TI  - [Proposal for a new anesthetic method in ambulatory dentistry].

PMID- 3867599
TI  - Bone remodeling: the next generation of orthodontics--a total, early, non
      extraction approach.

PMID- 3867600
TI  - Orthopedic/orthodontic case finishing techniques on TMJ patients.

PMID- 3867601
TI  - The bio-finisher.

PMID- 3867602
TI  - [Side-effects from isotretinoin].

PMID- 3867603
TI  - [Extended-wear contact lenses in aphakia].

PMID- 3867605
TI  - Research in geriatric dentistry.

PMID- 3867604
TI  - [Monitoring therapy with L-asparaginase. Model of drug-induced antithrombin III
      deficiency].

PMID- 3867606
TI  - A geriatric dental resident training program.

PMID- 3867607
TI  - Access to national programs and needs for continuing education.

PMID- 3867608
TI  - The condition of the oral mucosa at age 70: a population study.

PMID- 3867609
TI  - Xerostomia in the elderly: prevalence, diagnosis, complications and treatment.

PMID- 3867610
TI  - Knowing more about the elderly can help if we want to provide needed services.

PMID- 3867611
TI  - Immunohistochemical analysis of murine mononuclear phagocytes that express class
      II major histocompatibility antigens.
AB  - Expression of class II major histocompatibility antigen(s) was analyzed in mouse
      tissue sections using an immunocytochemical technique. Parallel sections were
      stained for the macrophage-specific antigen F4/80. MHCII antigen(s) were absent
      from the majority of F4/80+ cells in liver, bone marrow, splenic red pulp, and
      brain (microglia) but were present on intraepithelial, periepithelial, and free
      (e.g. alveolar) cells in gastrointestinal, urogenital, respiratory, and endocrine
      tissues. The staining pattern in such tissues was not distinguishable from that
      of F4/80. The results suggest that a major subpopulation of mononuclear
      phagocytes express MHCII antigen(s) constitutively.

PMID- 3867612
TI  - [Tooth-to-tooth disharmony: treatment by crown-root amputation].

PMID- 3867613
TI  - [The etiology of mylolyses].

PMID- 3867615
TI  - [Shovel-shaped upper incisors in Senegal].

PMID- 3867614
TI  - [Morphology of the root canals. Original study of the root canal system of the
      upper 1st molar with metallic lead ion iontophoresis].

PMID- 3867616
TI  - [Light treatment methods for acrylic resins].

PMID- 3867617
TI  - [Computer technology concepts in the organization of the dental office].

PMID- 3867618
TI  - [Calcium phosphates and calcium carbonates in endosseous implantation].

PMID- 3867619
TI  - [Posterior oral pain and pharyngeal pain].

PMID- 3867620
TI  - [The monobloc: a functional step in the treatment of Class II].

PMID- 3867621
TI  - [We dentists and AIDS].

PMID- 3867622
TI  - [Orthopantography and diagnosis of cervical opacities].

PMID- 3867623
TI  - [Sero-epidemiologic study of markers for hepatitis B in dentists in Ille-et
      Vilaine].

PMID- 3867624
TI  - [Craniomandibular joint dysfunction. Report of a clinical case].

PMID- 3867625
TI  - [Hygiene and asepsis in the dental office].

PMID- 3867626
TI  - [Practical aspects of radiation protection in the dental office].

PMID- 3867627
TI  - [Radiographic study of the nose, nasal sinuses and adjacent sinuses].

PMID- 3867628
TI  - [Nasal obstruction and mouth breathing from viewpoint of otorhinolaryngologist].

PMID- 3867629
TI  - [Dento-alveolar compensation in a series of Gallic skull bones].

PMID- 3867630
TI  - [Long-term stability of treated Class III cases. Follow-up studies].

PMID- 3867631
TI  - [Causes of recurrence after correction of prognathism using the sagittal split].

PMID- 3867632
TI  - [Myofunctional therapy (MFT) in dysfunctions of the tongue, jaw and facial
      musculature].

PMID- 3867633
TI  - [C-variable, a means of anchorage control].

PMID- 3867634
TI  - Autotransplantation of teeth.
AB  - A modified technique for the transplantation of teeth from one region of the
      mouth to another and for the transalveolar transplantation of impacted teeth to
      more favourable positions is presented. The surgical method is such that there is
      minimal damage to the tooth. To achieve this a substantial amount of bone may
      need to be removed. The fixation method is based on an orthodontic appliance and
      has the character of stabilization more than firm fixation. In this way it is
      possible to transplant teeth, even to difficult positions in adults, with very
      good results.

PMID- 3867635
TI  - Changing patterns of attitudes and oral health behaviour.
AB  - In the past, dental diseases were extremely common in the Scandinavian
      populations and the tooth loss figures appalling. Developments during the last
      few decades have led to a high standard of living, a high dentist-population
      ratio, increased public economic support for dental care and preventive dental
      care programmes for children. These have contributed to a drastic decrease in
      caries frequency and severity among the younger groups. Data concerning changes
      in periodontal disease activity are sparse, but there are indications that more
      natural teeth are being retained longer. Since prevention and control of
      periodontal disease is highly dependent upon personal behaviour, investigations
      of what people know, think and do about the role of the individual in disease
      control are important to future strategies. This review indicates that the
      Scandinavian populations have a fair knowledge of dental diseases and the
      individual's own role in prevention. Most people know what constitutes
      appropriate daily oral hygiene practice but a gap between knowledge and actual
      performance is apparently quite common. There is evidence, however, that the
      frequency of toothbrushing is increasing; so is interdental cleaning, even though
      the present level is unsatisfactory. The frequency of dental visits is also
      increasing and it is predicted that more people with more teeth will seek dental
      care in the future. Regular dental care during childhood seems to be a strong
      predictor of dental visit patterns and dental health status later in life. The
      improvements in dental health habits and associated phenomena have resulted in
      the retention of more teeth in older subjects. This may mean more teeth at risk
      to periodontal disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3867636
TI  - The use of medical and dental radiographs in identification.
AB  - Following mass disasters and individual deaths, dentists with special training
      and experience in forensic odontology are frequently called upon to assist in the
      identification of badly mutilated or decomposed bodies. Teeth and dental
      restorations are resistant to destruction by fire and the elements and are,
      therefore, useful in identification. The forensic odontologist makes use of
      dental radiographs taken of the victim before death. These are compared to dental
      data from the remains to assist in making the identification. Many features of
      the teeth and numerous characteristics of dental treatment are quite unique. This
      permits accurate and legally acceptable identification of the remains. The cases
      described illustrate the procedures and techniques of identification using ante
      mortem and post-mortem radiographs.

PMID- 3867637
TI  - The identification of human remains.
AB  - In modern societies identification of human remains is necessary for both legal
      and social reasons. There are various methods, but all of them employ the basic
      process of comparison. Thus, identification is dependent upon the available ante
      mortem records as well as the completeness and degree of preservation of the
      remains. The most frequently used and simplest method of identification is
      personal recognition by relatives and friends--a method that has led to
      innumerable mistakes. Evidence from clothing and personal belongings is also
      widely relied upon. It too leads to mistakes since loose objects can be mislaid
      or switched between bodies. The more reliable methods of identification rest upon
      features inherent in the body itself. Fingerprinting is the most accurate and
      precise method. If it cannot be used, the dental method becomes of the utmost
      importance. In cases of mutilated, decomposed, burned or fragmented bodies, other
      methods--medical, radiological, skeletal, serological and hair examinations--must
      be employed. Skeletal examination can lead to the reliable determination of age,
      sex, race and stature of the individual. From birth to adolescence, accurate age
      estimation can be obtained from tooth development and in adults by examination of
      the pubic symphysis. The data derived from these methods when pooled together
      provide sufficient comparison for conclusive identification to be established.
      The identification procedures in the Israel Defence Forces are described.

PMID- 3867638
TI  - Dental records of military personnel.
AB  - Military personnel lead a more mobile life than do civilians and they face
      additional hazards. It is important, therefore, that their dental records should
      be readily available. Assumptions that these records are greatly different from
      those of civilians are erroneous. This paper examines the medico-legal arguments
      for their compatibility and discusses the concept of confidentiality in relation
      to occupation and the wider duties of dentists to society.

PMID- 3867639
TI  - Partial indices as indicators of the severity and prevalence of periodontal
      disease.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to analyse the reliability of partial examination
      in the assessment of the average severity and the prevalence of periodontal
      disease. A total of 126 subjects aged 15-30 years and 160 subjects aged 31-68
      years were examined for the presence or absence of gingival bleeding, supra- and
      subgingival calculus and pocket depths of 4-5 mm or 6 mm and over on six surfaces
      of each remaining tooth. From this pool of data three sets of average severity
      and prevalence scores were extracted. One was based on the full mouth
      examination; one on observations made from the ten index teeth of the Community
      Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN); and one on the six index teeth of
      the Periodontal Disease Index. Average severity scores were obtained as
      accurately from the six Ramfjord teeth as from full mouth examinations for all
      periodontal disease indicators except for 6 mm or deeper pockets. When the
      assessments were based on the ten CPITN index teeth, the average severity scores
      exceeded those based on full mouth examinations for all indicators recorded and
      the prevalence figures were higher than those based on the six Ramfjord teeth.
      Even with the CPITN there was an under-estimate of the proportion of individuals
      affected, ranging from 16 per cent for 4-5 mm pockets to 21 per cent for 6 mm and
      deeper pockets in the older age group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3867640
TI  - [Inhibition of dental plaque (experimental study of some particularly interesting
      vegetable extracts)].

PMID- 3867641
TI  - [Angiography in Sturge-Weber syndrome].

PMID- 3867642
TI  - [Role of function and dysfunction in Class II etiology. Therapeutic
      implications].

PMID- 3867643
TI  - [Changes in the TMJ in relation to dental occlusion].

PMID- 3867644
TI  - [Therapy of primary headache using acupuncture reflex therapy].

PMID- 3867645
TI  - [Primary melanoma of the oral cavity. Observation of a clinical case].

PMID- 3867646
TI  - [Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate in the
      rat].

PMID- 3867647
TI  - [Toothbrushing simulator: technical note].

PMID- 3867648
TI  - [Malignant tumors of the lingual margin: clinico-therapeutic concepts].

PMID- 3867649
TI  - [Oro-esophageal candidiasis in dysphagic patients].

PMID- 3867650
TI  - [Anatomo-clinical considerations in nasopalatine cyst].

PMID- 3867651
TI  - [Dento-maxillofacial characteristics of patients with Cooley's disease].

PMID- 3867652
TI  - The effect of restorative margins on the postsurgical development and nature of
      the periodontium. Part I.

PMID- 3867653
TI  - The optimum temporomandibular joint condyle position in clinical practice.

PMID- 3867654
TI  - Occlusal adjustment via selective cutting of natural teeth. Part II.

PMID- 3867655
TI  - Continuous extraovular prostaglandin F2 alpha instillation for second-trimester
      pregnancy termination.
AB  - One hundred midtrimester pregnancy terminations were successfully induced with
      continuous extraovular infusion of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). The
      solution was infused into the extraovular space with a newly developed double
      balloon catheter. The mean instillation abortion time was 12.9 h. Abortion was
      completed in 48% of the patients within 12 h, in 80% within 18 h, and in 96%
      within 24 h. The mean total dose of PGF2 alpha instilled was 12.4 mg/patient.
      Only four patients aborted after 24 h from the insertion of the catheter and
      instillation of the PGF2 alpha. Side effects were few. Thirteen patients (13%)
      had nausea and vomiting, and 14 (14%) had transient pyrexia (above 38 C). No
      major complications occurred. It appears that this method has a high success
      rate, good patient tolerance, and an acceptable safety factor with few minor side
      effects.

PMID- 3867656
TI  - Failure of immunotherapy to prolong survival in chronic myeloid leukemia.

PMID- 3867657
TI  - The perspective of parents whose child has died at home.

PMID- 3867658
TI  - Structure of aklavinone, a DNA binding anthracycline antibiotic.

PMID- 3867659
TI  - Comparison of the effectiveness of two topical anesthetics and a placebo in
      reducing injection pain.

PMID- 3867660
TI  - Penetration of imipenem and cilastatin into cerebrospinal fluid of patients with
      bacterial meningitis.
AB  - The penetration of imipenem and cilastatin into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was
      determined in patients with bacterial meningitis. Four 1000 mg doses [corrected]
      of both imipenem and cilastatin were infused intravenously over 20-30 min at 6 h
      intervals, first between days 2 and 4, and again, whenever possible, between days
      11 to 20, in 12 patients with bacterial meningitis undergoing treatment with
      other antibiotics. Concentrations of imipenem and cilastatin in serum and
      cerebrospinal fluid samples obtained either at 60, 90 or 120 min following the
      fourth dose were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. Concentrations
      of imipenem in CSF ranged from 0.5 to 11 mg/1 and concentrations of cilastatin
      ranged from 1.1 to 10.5 mg/1, depending on the sampling time and the time elapsed
      since the onset of the disease.

PMID- 3867662
TI  - Priapism, a rare presentation of chronic myeloid leukaemia.

PMID- 3867661
TI  - Interaction of anthracycline drugs with canine and bovine carrier erythrocytes.
AB  - Daunomycin interacts with canine and bovine erythrocytes making them permeable to
      [14C]sucrose, a nonpermeant. The drug causes the red blood cell (RBC) to swell
      and form an echinocyte-stomatocyte cell type. Defects in the RBC membrane were
      observed for murine RBC as well. Thus, daunomycin interacts with RBC such that
      its deleterious action would not make this drug a promising candidate for
      encapsulation in carrier erythrocytes. Contrary to previous reports, daunomycin
      easily permeates murine RBC and avidly binds to the cells; as much as 70% of the
      drug remains associated with normal murine RBC. Several different approaches were
      taken to unequivocally establish that daunomycin does not entrap in canine RBC in
      a classical manner. The extent of interaction of the drug with RBC does not
      appear to be RBC specific because similar results were obtained with canine,
      bovine, and murine RBC.

PMID- 3867663
TI  - Rate of cholesteryl ester transfer between high and low density lipoproteins in
      human serum and a case with decreased transfer rate in association with
      hyperalphalipoproteinemia.
AB  - The rate of cholesteryl ester transfer between intrinsic high and low density
      lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) was measured in human serum in the absence of
      lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and very low density lipoproteins.
      The rate was calculated according to the equilibrium transfer model between the
      two lipoprotein cholesteryl ester pools. The average rate of the transfer was 213
      +/- 95 nmol/h/ml (mean +/- S.E.) for all 20 normal and 13 hyperlipoproteinemic
      subjects. The transfer rate in individual serum was higher by several times than
      the cholesterol esterification rate, showing that cholesteryl ester generated by
      LCAT on HDL is promptly distributed among various lipoprotein subclasses. The
      rate of cholesteryl ester transfer in the serum was significantly proportional to
      the product of intrinsic HDL and LDL concentrations, a possible indicator of the
      frequency of collision between these lipoproteins, for the range of physiological
      lipoprotein concentrations. Among the subjects analyzed was a patient with
      remarkable hyperalphalipoproteinemia accompanied by hypertriglyceridemia, who
      showed a very low rate of cholesteryl ester transfer in relation to his LDL and
      HDL concentrations. Compositional analysis of lipoprotein lipids of the patients
      also supported the possibility of impaired neutral lipids transfer activity among
      lipoproteins in the blood.

PMID- 3867664
TI  - Purification and kinetic properties of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from
      bovine adrenocortical microsomes.
AB  - 3 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was purified from bovine adrenocortical
      microsomes and its properties were studied. The purified dehydrogenase gave a
      single homogeneous protein band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and showed no steroid delta 5-delta-4 isomerase activity. The
      molecular weight of the dehydrogenase was estimated to be 41,000 for the monomer
      and the isoelectric point was determined to be at pH 6.3. The Km values of the
      dehydrogenase were 6.2 microM for NAD+, 4.9 mM for NADP+, 2.0 microM for
      pregnenolone, and 5.3 microM for 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone. The mechanism of
      inhibition by trilostane of the dehydrogenase was also examined kinetically. The
      inhibition was found to be competitive, with Ki values of 0.14 microM for 17
      alpha-hydroxypregnenolone and 0.38 microM for pregnenolone.

PMID- 3867665
TI  - [Structural study and microanalysis of the teeth of the sparid Pagellus
      bellottii].
AB  - The dental system of Pagellus bellottii presents interesting characteristics.
      First, the radiodensity and the mineral analysis of the developing embedded teeth
      are similar to that of functional teeth. Second a dense fibrous tissue is
      observed within the dentinal subsurface and on the periphery of the supporting
      bone. This might indicate that the fibrous tissue acts as a damping device shock
      absorber with respect to the molar-shaped teeth, allowing them to support strong
      occlusal forces and making up for the lack of periodontium. Lastly, the enamel
      organ epithelium is deeply indented bounding long connective papillae with many
      blood vessels. These large spaces provided for intense metabolic exchange and the
      fact that the enameloid of the developing embedded teeth is almost completely
      mineralized indicate that odontogenesis in fishes is very quick, a different
      process from odontogenesis in superior vertebrates.

PMID- 3867666
TI  - Study on membrane fragments released from the sublingual glands of the mouse
      during secretion in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - During in vitro secretion membrane fragments are released by the sublingual
      glands (SL) of the mouse. After stimulation of saliva with 1 microM
      carbamylcholine, these membranes have been isolated by centrifugation at 100,000
      X g for 1 h. The release of 0.56% of the total tissue content of DNA during a 3 h
      period denotes that the amount of damaged tissue is very low. After 3 h, based on
      the determination of sialic acid, 25.4% of the secretory product, the sublingual
      mucin, has been released. The amount of membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase,
      released during a period of 3 h is 0.63%. As at least three quarters of this
      amount is due to broken cells, the amount of membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase
      released during the secretory process (0.16%) is very low compared to the amount
      of secretory product (25.4%). The low amount of alkaline phosphatase is in
      accordance with EM observations, which show that secretory granule membranes lack
      alkaline phosphatase activity. However, at those locations, where luminal
      membranes fuse with the granule membranes, alkaline phosphatase has been
      detected. So, the low alkaline phosphatase activity may be due to the presence of
      some luminal membranes in the secretory product. The involvement of alkaline
      phosphatase in the secretory process is also indicated by the complete inhibition
      of the secretory process by tetramisole (5 mM). The SL membrane preparation,
      isolated from the incubation fluid, had a relatively simple electrophoretic
      pattern and some antigenic determinants in common with the granular membranes
      from the Par and SM glands. The phospholipid composition of the released SL
      membranes differed strongly from the Par and SM granule membranes, especially in
      their relatively low amount of sphingomyelin (6.8%) and their high amount of
      phosphatidylethanolamine (26.4%). The lysophosphatidylcholine was only 3.5%.
      Among others, the phospholipid composition of the SL membranes may be responsible
      for the specific properties and behaviour of the sublingual granular membranes
      during the secretory process.

PMID- 3867667
TI  - Cell wall glycoproteins: structure and function.
AB  - Hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins form an important, but little understood,
      structural component of most cell walls. Their occurrence, chemistry, synthesis,
      secretion, cross-linking and functions in higher plant cell walls will be briefly
      reviewed. Similar molecules also occur in other groups of plants; in particular,
      in the algae. In many of these they form highly ordered cell surface arrays, and
      we have studied these by high-resolution electron microscopy and computer image
      reconstruction. Some resulting three-dimensional models of these are presented.
      One particular glycoprotein, the major structural component of the cell wall of
      Chlamydomonas reinhardii, has been investigated in some detail. The chemistry and
      structure of this glycoprotein, which we have called volvin, has been studied and
      a family of monoclonal antibodies has been raised against it. Some of these
      antibodies appear to be specific to oligosaccharide side-chains and allow the
      localization of these substituents and their sites of synthesis.
      Immunofluorescence studies have shown that the expression of some of these
      antigenic determinants is developmentally regulated or cell-cycle-dependent.
      Immunogold labelling of thin sections has enabled the sites of synthesis and the
      method of secretion to be determined. These results will be discussed in the
      context of other cell wall glycoproteins, their relation to other glycoproteins,
      such as the mating agglutinin, and to their possible functions.

PMID- 3867668
TI  - Cytological and biochemical requirements for the establishment of a polar cell.
AB  - Our research is aimed at understanding the biochemical and cytological basis of
      cell polarity in zygotes of the brown alga, Fucus distichus L. Powell. One
      manifestation of this polar cell is the localization of a sulphated fucan
      polysaccharide (F2) in only one region of the zygote cell surface, the rhizoid
      cell wall. The focus of this paper is centered around the mechanism responsible
      for the directional transport of Golgi vesicles containing F2 and the biochemical
      properties of F2 that might specify its localized fate. Recent findings indicate
      that the various sulphated polysaccharides in the brown algae are complexes
      resulting from linkages of two basic polymers: an alpha-(1----2)-linked fucan
      that contains high levels of ester sulphate (F3), and a uronic acid-rich polymer
      (F1). The fucan complex F2, which is localized in the rhizoid wall, is composed
      of a fucan sulphate core (F3) to which uronic acid polymers (similar to F1) are
      attached. Our results, using a purified endoguluronate lyase, indicate that
      guluronate bridges link these subunits of F2. The carbon backbone of F2 is not
      synthesized de novo after fertilization. However, F2 is sulphated, and possibly
      assembled, beginning 10 h after fertilization, after which it is locally inserted
      into the rhizoid wall, and held in the wall structure only by calcium ionic
      bonds. Although sulphation is required for localization of F2, it is not known if
      the uronic acid side-chains are also assembled at the time of sulphation, and/or
      required for localization. The fact that F3 (F2 without the side-chains) is
      secreted uniformly into the zygote wall suggests that the uronic acid chains of
      F2 may play a critical role in its localization. A sulphated F2 alone is not
      sufficient for its localization since in the presence of cytochalasin, vesicles
      containing F2 are not transported to the rhizoid. Recent studies point to a
      central role for a cytoskeletal element, possibly microfilaments, in the
      directional transport of these vesicles. We have used the techniques of
      isoelectric focusing and electrophoretic mobility to study surface charge of
      these Golgi vesicles to determine if charge might be one factor that specifies
      their localization. Vesicles that contain the sulphated fucan F3 are secreted
      randomly and have the same surface charge as those containing F2 that are
      directionally transported. However, there is no stable endogenous electrical
      current at the time when F3 vesicles are randomly secreted, whereas a current is
      detectable when F2 vesicles are localized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3867669
TI  - Cellulose microfibril assembly and orientation: recent developments.
AB  - A brief history of the literature dealing with cellulose microfibril assembly is
      presented, and a current summary of cellulose microfibril synthesizing complexes
      among eukaryotic cells is given. Terminal complexes not described before include
      the following: linear terminal complexes (TCs) with three rows in Eremosphaera,
      Microdictyon and Chaetomorpha; globular terminal complexes in Ophioglossum,
      Psilotum, Equisetum and Gingko. Cellulose microfibril assembly in Acetobacter
      xylinum is described very briefly and compared with the process among eukaryotic
      cells. Particular emphasis on structures that may be involved in the spatial
      control of cellulose synthesis is given. Among these are cytoplasmic structures
      such as microtubules and microfilaments. Microfilament structures are shown to
      clearly surround individual microtubules that lie adjacent to the plasma
      membrane. Using freeze-fracture techniques, these labile associations have been
      shown for the first time. Microfibril orientation may be mediated through an
      interaction of cortical microtubules in association with microfilaments. A review
      of Mueller and Brown's membrane flow model for microfibril orientation is
      presented. Cellulose terminal complex clustering and its role in gravitropic
      response is covered. Definitive membrane changes with TC
      clustering/disaggregation and intramembranous particle frequencies, occur within
      12 min following gravistimulation. These differences are pronounced in the cells
      from upper and lower hemicylinders of rapidly frozen tissue, which was studied by
      the freeze-fracture method. A hypothesis for cellulose microfibril interaction in
      controlling the constraint of the growth axis is presented, and the supporting
      data for terminal complex clustering/disaggregation as well as fluorescent
      brightener inhibition of the gravitropic response support this hypothesis. The
      onset and regulation of cellulose microfibril assembly is presented for
      synchronized protoplasts generated by Boergesenia, using inhibitors of
      transcription and translation. These results suggest dynamic turnover of terminal
      complex subunits during the assembly of the cellulose microfibril. This study is
      concluded with a brief discussion of possible phylogenetic trends in the
      evolution of cellulose synthesis. A principal underlying theme is that the
      specific arrangement and consolidation of the terminal complex subunits determine
      to a large degree the size and shape of the microfibril, its crystallinity, as
      well as intramicrofibrillar associations. Three basic types of TCs appear among
      all eukaryotic cells studied so far: namely, the rosette, the globular and the
      linear complex.

PMID- 3867670
TI  - The cytoskeleton underlying side walls and cross walls in plants: molecules and
      macromolecular assemblies.
AB  - Plant cells organize their growth by reinforcing side walls during interphase
      (causing them to elongate) and by positioning and orienting the cross wall at
      cytokinesis. In the first part of this presentation we review progress made in
      identifying different cytoskeletal components that underlie side walls and that
      are involved in the deposition of the cross wall. During interphase, the cortical
      microtubule arrays co-distribute with an antigen recognized by a 'universal'
      monoclonal antibody to intermediate filaments. Using rhodaminyl-lysine-phalloidin
      no F-actin could be detected at the cortex but endoplasmic, axial cables were
      found. The cytokinetic apparatus--the phragmoplast--contains microtubules and we
      find that F-actin and the intermediate filament antigen also co-distribute with
      this array. We describe the three-dimensional arrangement of microtubules forming
      the interphase array in cells enlarging by both tip-growth and intercalary
      growth. In root hairs of higher plants and in apical cells of the filamentous
      stage of moss Physcomitrella patens, microtubules (MT) are detected at the apices
      and it is suggested from this that fragmentation of microtubules and absence of
      MTs from the tip are preparation artefacts. Using human serum from a scleroderma
      patient, possible microtubule nucleating sites are detected in meristematic
      cells; these segregate with the broad spindle poles and they surround the nucleus
      during early interphase--implying a peri-nuclear origin for the cortical MT
      array. The interphase microtubule array is described in terms of a dynamic
      helical model, which proposes: that the MT array is an integral complex; that
      microtubules form helices; that helices can change their pitch--the array
      converting to the various conformations.

PMID- 3867671
TI  - Preprophase bands, phragmoplasts, and spatial control of cytokinesis.
AB  - Features of preprophase bands (PPBs) of microtubules (MTs), and the spatial
      relationship between phragmosomes, PPB sites, and developing phragmoplasts during
      cytokinesis, are reviewed, setting new observations in the context of current
      knowledge. PPBs in onion root tip cells are present by the beginning of the G2
      period of the cell cycle. They are at first wide, but later become more compact,
      narrower bands. MTs traverse the cytoplasm between the band at the cell cortex
      and the nuclear envelope. This whole assemblage of nucleus, PPB and intervening
      MTs remains together when the cell is ruptured during preparation for examination
      by immunofluorescence microscopy. Double bands are occasionally seen in early
      stages of PPB development, perhaps as a consequence of double induction from
      neighbouring cells. Calmodulin is not present in PPBs at a higher concentration
      than in the general cytoplasm, but it is more abundant in parts of the spindle
      and in the phragmoplast. The PPB MTs disappear at prophase, but nevertheless the
      new cell plate fuses with the parental cell walls at the PPB site. This spatial
      relationship can be disrupted by treatment with CIPC. Another experimental
      disruption of the relationship, accomplished by making minute wounds in the PPB
      site of mitotic cells in Tradescantia stamen hairs, is described. In other
      experiments on these cells the phragmoplast is shown to become tethered to the
      PPB site when the cell plate is half to three-quarters developed, although the
      telophase nuclei are free to move. Rhodamine-labelled phalloidin reveals putative
      F-actin in the phragmoplast of Tradescantia, but not in the gap between the
      extending phragmoplast and the PPB site. Rhodamine-labelled phalloidin also
      stains cytoplasmic strands that exist when cytoplasmic streaming occurs before
      and after (but not during) mitosis. Cytochalasin B treatment blocks incorporation
      of actin into the phragmoplast, which, however, can still develop, though usually
      abnormally. The F-actin of the phragmoplast may function in consolidation of the
      cell plate, rather than in spatial guidance of its growth toward the PPB site at
      the cell surface.

PMID- 3867672
TI  - Surface of the shoot apex: a reinforcement-field theory for phyllotaxis.
AB  - Theory for leaf patterning, phyllotaxis, is usually expressed in terms of
      interactions in the surface of the apical dome of the shoot. Mechanisms for leaf
      formation, however, usually relate to phenomena in the longitudinal section, e.g.
      periclinal divisions. Studying epidermal cell file patterns and the
      directionality of cellulose in the outer walls of the dome we have found distinct
      patterns of cells and reinforcing cellulose on the surface. Changes in the
      epidermal pattern correlate with the phyllotactic sequence to suggest that:
      Recently established leaves are associated with fields of tangential cellulose
      reinforcement which extend toward the apical dome. Where such aligned fields come
      into contact so as to generate relatively abrupt angular changes in reinforcement
      pattern, a new leaf will appear. As this region of discontinuity develops into a
      hoop-reinforced structure, the visible primordium, a new single field of
      tangentially aligned reinforcement is generated. The new field interacts with
      other fields to continue the cycle. In whorled phyllotaxis two angular
      discontinuities appear to be involved with each new leaf; the pertinent older
      leaves are just one plastochron older than the leaf being initiated. In spiral
      phyllotaxis (3:2) a single angular discontinuity appears to be involved
      initially; the pertinent older leaves are three and five plastochrons older than
      the leaf being formed. There are two major differences from previous theories of
      phyllotaxis. First, the cyclic changes in leaf initiation are thought to be based
      on the constructive involvement of new leaves in modifying the dome's
      reinforcement pattern. Many theories assume that leaf formation is spontaneous
      and the role of nearby leaves is inhibitory. Second, the pattern sequence can
      explain the concurrent appearance of reinforced stem tissue along with leaves.

PMID- 3867673
TI  - Structure and function of plant cell wall polysaccharides.
AB  - Studies of the primary structures of polysaccharides of growing plant cell walls
      have shown that these structures are far more complex than was anticipated just a
      few years ago. This complexity can best be appreciated by considering xyloglucan,
      a hemicellulose present in the cell wall of both monocots and dicots, and
      rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), two structurally
      unrelated pectic polysaccharides. This realization led us to postulate that cell
      wall polysaccharides have functions beyond determining the size, shape and
      strength of plants. Some years ago we demonstrated that oligosaccharide fragments
      of a branched beta-linked glucan of fungal cell walls can elicit the production
      of phytoalexins (antibiotics) in plants by inducing the formation of the enzymes
      responsible for synthesis of the phytoalexins. It has now been ascertained and
      confirmed by synthesis that the elicitor activity resides in a very specific
      hepta-beta-D-glucoside. The heptaglucoside has been shown to elicit phytoalexins
      by activating the expression of specific genes, that is, by causing the synthesis
      of the mRNAs that encode the enzymes that synthesize phytoalexins. In other
      words, complex carbohydrates can be regulatory molecules. Further experiments
      established that oligosaccharide fragments of polysaccharides, produced by acid
      or base hydrolysis or by enzymolysis of primary cell walls of plants, also evoked
      defence responses in plants. Subsequently, we learned that defined fragments of
      polysaccharides, released from covalent attachment within plant cell walls, can
      function as regulators of various physiological processes such as morphogenesis,
      rate of cell growth and time of flowering and rooting, in addition to activating
      mechanisms for resisting potential pathogens. Examples of plant oligosaccharides
      with regulatory properties (called oligosaccharins) will be described.

PMID- 3867674
TI  - Sexual recognition and fertilization in brown algae.
AB  - Fertilization in the brown marine algae known as fucoids, is oogamous. The naked
      egg cell (80 micron diam.) is fertilized by small biflagellate spermatozoids and
      both monoecious and dioecious species are found. Fertilization is highly species
      specific and this appears to be controlled during plasmogamy. Following fusion of
      egg and sperm, a rapid (less than 1 min) release of polyuronide cell wall
      material takes place from cytoplasmic vesicles within the egg. This is easily
      visualized using the fluorescent brightener Calcofluor, which therefore provides
      the basis of a quantitative fertilization bioassay. It has not proved possible to
      measure direct sperm binding to eggs. In experiments to investigate the molecular
      basis of egg-sperm recognition, the effect of exogenous agents on the initial
      rate of fertilization was examined. Predigestion of eggs with low concentrations
      of two glycosidases, alpha-fucosidase and alpha-mannosidase, caused inhibition of
      fertilization. The lectins concanavalin A and RCA120 bound strongly to egg
      surfaces, as detected using fluorescent labels, but not to sperm. The binding to
      eggs inhibited fertilization. On the other hand, Fucose Binding Protein bound
      only weakly to eggs but strongly to sperm, again causing inhibition of
      fertilization. It has not proved possible to quantitate lectin binding since high
      levels of lectin-nonspecific binding were detected using iodinated lectins. These
      inhibition experiments suggest that specific sugar residues may be involved in
      egg-sperm recognition, but the effects of lectins must be treated with caution
      since a large amount of variability in the sensitivity of gametes was detected.
      Attempts to isolate receptor fractions from egg cells have been partially
      successful. Egg membrane preparations bind sperm and sodium dodecyl sulphate
      solubilized fractions, purified by concanavalin A affinity chromatography, have
      yielded low levels of a soluble receptor-like fraction that has not yet been
      fully characterized. Antisera raised against surface antigens of Fucus serratus
      sperm flagella, cause inhibition of fertilization in a species-specific manner,
      possibly by binding directly to the sperm fertilization receptor. A number of
      flagellar antigens were detected and future attempts to pinpoint the sperm
      receptor will make use of monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 3867675
TI  - Characterization of Chlamydomonas sexual agglutinins.
AB  - Molecules (agglutinins) mediating mating-type-specific adhesion of Chlamydomonas
      reinhardtii plus and minus gametes have been purified and shown to be homologous
      by several criteria. Both are large, extrinsic glycoproteins, rich in
      hydroxyproline and serine, which to a variety of inactivating agents. Direct
      visualization of agglutinins by the rapid-freeze deep-etch technique of Heuser
      reveals that both are extremely asymmetric, fibrous molecules with similar but
      distinct topographies. Each has a globular head, a rigid domain, a relatively
      flexible region and a terminal hook. In situ images show that the molecules
      associate with the flagellar surface via the latter (hook) domain, projecting the
      globular head distally. A functional role for the head is implied from
      inactivation studies (thermolysin digestion and reduction/alkylation) showing a
      selective modification of this domain. A library of monoclonal antibodies, raised
      against the plus agglutinin, has been used to probe the structural organization
      of this molecule by immunotopographic mapping. Two Two distinct classes of
      monoclonal antibodies are shown to react with carbohydrate epitopes localized to
      the two termini (head and hook) of the plus agglutinin while a third recognizes a
      polypeptide determinant that repeats along the rod-like portion of the molecule.
      The latter class is gamete (but not mating-type)-specific while the other two
      classes display distinct patterns of cross reactivity. Finally, the Chlamydomonas
      agglutinins show a striking compositional and structural resemblance to the major
      cell wall glycoproteins of this organism. Wall glycoproteins, which are also rich
      in hydroxyproline and serine and capable of self-assembly, may therefore share a
      common evolutionary heritage with the agglutinins.

PMID- 3867676
TI  - Surface components involved in bacterial pathogen-plant host recognition.
AB  - During their initial association with plant hosts, pathogenic bacteria interact
      with plant cell walls. The results of this interaction appear to determine
      whether bacterial multiplication will take place. With one group of bacterial
      plant pathogens (e.g. Agrobacterium tumefaciens), attachment to the host surface
      appears essential for pathogenesis. With another group (e.g. Pseudomonas
      solanacearum), only those strains that do not attach to the host cell wall are
      able to multiply in the intercellular spaces. Attachment of many incompatible
      strains to tobacco mesophyll cell walls leads to a rapid hypersensitive response
      (HR) and a drastic reduction in bacterial multiplication. Our working hypothesis
      is that these differences in host response to strains of P. solanacearum are the
      result of a recognition response in which surface components of both host and
      pathogen play important roles. Our approach is based on the use of spontaneous or
      transposon (Tn5)-generated mutants of strains K60 (virulent) and B1 (avirulent)
      that differ in surface components and in their ability to attach to host cells
      and to induce the HR. A study of the surface components of bacterial and tobacco
      cell walls has led to the tentative conclusion that bacterial lipopolysaccharide
      (LPS) and plant hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins mediate initial attachment,
      apparently as a result of charge-charge interaction. This initial attachment is
      reversed by high salt concentrations during the first 15 min, but not thereafter.
      Firm attachment appears to depend on hydrophobic interactions mediated by
      bacterial pili. At the normal ionic strength of intercellular fluids,
      extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) appears to inhibit only the pili-mediated
      attachment. Several HR- mutants of strain B1 have been obtained by Tn5 insertion,
      but they remain avirulent on tobacco. We are examining the EPS, LPS and pili
      production, and the attachment characteristics of these strains.

PMID- 3867677
TI  - Rhizobium leguminosarum genes involved in early stages of nodulation.
AB  - Nodulation genes from Rhizobium leguminosarum have been subcloned and transferred
      to a strain of R. phaseoli with its symbiotic plasmid deleted (and therefore its
      nodulation and nitrogen fixation genes). Normal infection and nodule development
      occurred when these strains were added to the roots of Pisum sativum (peas) and
      Vicia hirsuta. The pea nodules were examined by electron microscopy; bacteroid
      forms were seen surrounded by peribacteroid membranes and using immuno-gold
      labelling it was shown that the nodule cells contained leghaemoglobin within the
      cytoplasm. By subcloning and analysing the nodulation region it was found that a
      small (3.2 X 10(3) bases) fragment of DNA contained three genes involved in root
      hair curling, the first observed step in the interaction between R. leguminosarum
      and the root hair cells of these legumes.

PMID- 3867678
TI  - Developments in the chemistry and biochemistry of pectic and hemicellulosic
      polymers.
AB  - Improved methods of isolation and analysis of cell walls from a range of plant
      tissues have shed new light on the structure of the constituent polymers, and
      have also helped to clarify some of the conflicting opinions on their mode of
      occurrence and association within the walls. The chemistry (and biochemistry) of
      pectic and hemicellulosic polymers in different types of plant organs is
      outlined, with particular emphasis on parenchymatous and immature tissues. The
      following aspects are discussed: the mode of occurrence of arabinans, galactans
      and arabinogalactans, and the possible association of some of them with proteins;
      the structural features of the esterified rhamnogalacturonans and associated
      neutral sugar residues in the pectic substances of middle lamellae and primary
      cell walls; the occurrence of acidic xylans, acidic arabinoxylans, and acidic
      arabinoxylans in association with other polymers in the cell walls of cambial,
      suspension-cultured and parenchymatous tissues of dicotyledons; evidence for the
      occurrence of small but significant amounts of xyloglucans in association with
      other polymers, and the occurrence of a range of xyloglucans in parenchymatous
      tissues; evidence for the occurrence of phenolic ester and phenolic cross
      linkages between the cell wall polymers of parenchymatous tissues of both
      dicotyledons and monocotyledons, particularly the association of hydroxycinnamic
      acids with some pectic substances; the occurrence of proteoglycans and
      proteoglycan-polyphenol complexes and their relationship to the traditional
      hemicelluloses; and some aspects of the non-cellulosic polymers of non
      endospermic and endospermic seeds.

PMID- 3867679
TI  - 1985 JCO orthodontic practice study. Part 2. Practice success.

PMID- 3867680
TI  - Reception desk: structure and measurements.

PMID- 3867681
TI  - Bimler therapy. Part 2. Bimler appliance.

PMID- 3867682
TI  - [Tooth injuries in a pediatric hospital setting].

PMID- 3867683
TI  - [Fundamental reasons for pocket elimination in the treatment of periodontal
      diseases].

PMID- 3867684
TI  - Micro-analytical determination of pH, calcium, and phosphate in plaque fluid.
AB  - Micro-analytical techniques for the determination of calcium, phosphate, and pH
      in a small volume (less than 0.25 microliter) of plaque fluid are described and
      evaluated. The accuracy and the precision of the techniques were compared with
      those for standard macrotechniques applied to a large pooled plaque fluid sample.
      The results obtained for the micro-analysis of pooled plaque fluid were in
      excellent agreement with those obtained by macromethods. The described techniques
      were also used to analyze plaque fluid obtained from single quadrants of the oral
      cavities of five individuals. In this fashion, it was determined that, although a
      significant variation in plaque fluid composition exists between the quadrants, a
      greater variation exists between subjects. Analyses of plaque fluid obtained from
      six individuals, following sucrose exposure, were also conducted. The pH value of
      the fluid changed with time, following a typical Stephan curve, with a minimum
      value occurring between 15 and 30 minutes; following this, the pH increased to a
      value near that for resting plaque. An inverse relationship between pH and
      calcium and phosphorus concentrations was observed. It is noted that the
      described techniques are sensitive enough to carry out the above analyses both
      accurately and precisely using plaque obtained from a single quadrant.

PMID- 3867685
TI  - Effects of a single intravenous dose of sodium fluoride on plasma electrolytes
      and metabolites in rats, rabbits, and cockerels.
AB  - This study assessed the effect of a single intravenous dose of sodium fluoride
      (20 mg/kg body wt.) on plasma ionic fluoride and on some other plasma
      electrolytes and metabolites in rats, rabbits, and cockerels. At any given time
      following sodium fluoride administration, the plasma ionic fluoride was highest
      in rabbits and lowest in cockerels. The rate of removal of fluoride from plasma
      was slower in rabbits as compared with that in the other two species. Plasma
      sodium, chloride, total protein, albumin, total globulins, and osmolality were
      not significantly altered by sodium fluoride in any of these three species.
      However, plasma phosphate (inorganic), urea, creatinine, and glucose were
      elevated, and plasma calcium was reduced in the rats and the rabbits, but none
      was significantly altered in the cockerels. The analyses indicated that species
      variability does exist in fluoride toxicity.

PMID- 3867686
TI  - Anaerobic and aerobic metabolism of sorbitol in Streptococcus sanguis and
      Streptococcus mitior.
AB  - Sorbitol-fermenting strains of Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mitior
      were grown both anaerobically and in the presence of oxygen in a sorbitol
      containing complex medium. Washed-cell suspensions were incubated with an excess
      of sorbitol, and the production of lactate, formate, ethanol, and acetate was
      analyzed. Moreover, we determined the lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate formate
      lyase activities in cell-free extracts of anaerobically grown cells. The
      anaerobically grown cells produced lactate, formate, ethanol, and acetate under
      anaerobic conditions. When these cells were exposed to air, the amounts of
      formate, ethanol, and acetate were reduced in comparison with those of the
      strictly anaerobic cells. Cells grown in the presence of oxygen only produced
      detectable levels of lactate and acetate. Anaerobically grown cells possessed
      lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate formate-lyase activities under strictly
      anaerobic conditions. The level of pyruvate formate-lyase was dramatically
      reduced when cells were exposed to air, while the level of lactate dehydrogenase
      was about the same as that under strictly anaerobic conditions. Thus, the results
      indicate that S. sanguis and S. mitior both metabolize sorbitol differently under
      anaerobic and aerobic conditions. This difference may depend on the oxygen
      sensitivity of the pyruvate formatelyase of these micro-organisms.

PMID- 3867687
TI  - Fluoride uptake and fluoride resistance in oral streptococci.
AB  - Fluoride uptake was examined in the highly F-sensitive Streptococcus salivarius
      strain 25975, the F-resistant mutant Flr103, and the relatively insensitive S.
      sanguis H7PR3. F was taken up by all strains from media at neutral pH, containing
      1 or 10 micrograms F/ml (0.053-0.526 mmol/L), and uptake was directly
      proportional to the delta pH that was maintained by the cells. The final
      intracellular concentrations of F in the F-resistant strains were higher than
      those in the F-sensitive strain. Similar differences in F uptake were observed in
      buffer at pH 5.5, although both delta pH and F uptake were higher in all strains
      at the lower pH. These experiments demonstrate that resistance to F does not
      necessarily involve the exclusion of F from the cells. The lower uptake of F by F
      sensitive cells is attributed to the finding that F dissipates the transmembrane
      pH gradient, and this, in turn, limits the concentration of intracellular F.

PMID- 3867688
TI  - A new microsample grinding technique for quantitative determination of calcium
      and phosphorus in dental enamel.
AB  - A new microsampling method is described for measuring variations in calcium and
      phosphorus distribution in dental enamel. Ten successive layers, 10 micron thick,
      from five human enamel posts with previously abraded flat upper surfaces were
      ground and analyzed. Mean Ca and P values were, respectively, 1116 +/- 110 and
      527 +/- 47 micrograms/mm3, and mean Ca/P w/w and molar ratios, 2.11 +/- 0.10 and
      1.63 +/- 0.08, respectively. Despite its limitations, the present method allows
      for accurate investigation of the mineral content in sound, experimentally
      treated enamel.

PMID- 3867689
TI  - Dietary fluoride intake of 15-19-year-old male adults residing in the United
      States.
AB  - The average daily dietary fluoride intakes of 15-to-19-year-old males were
      estimated from the analysis of 24 FDA "market basket" food collections made from
      1975 to 1982. The data indicate that 15-to-19-year-old males residing in
      fluoridated (greater than 0.7 ppm) cities had an average daily dietary fluoride
      intake of 1.85 mg/day when the diet provided an estimated caloric intake of 11.72
      megajoules (2800 calories). In non-fluoridated cities, with less than 0.3 ppm in
      the drinking water, the average dietary fluoride intake was 0.86 mg/day. The
      beverages and drinking water contributed an average of 75 +/- 2% of the daily
      dietary fluoride intake.

PMID- 3867691
TI  - Dental attrition and craniofacial morphology in two Australian aboriginal
      populations.
AB  - This study considers the craniofacial morphology of two Australian Aboriginal
      populations with different patterns of tooth wear. Evidence of regional variation
      in cranial and facial morphology is provided by significant differences in a
      number of variables. In addition, the intergroup differences in the correlations
      between attrition and facial variables provide evidence of different adaptive and
      compensatory changes occurring in each group in response to the different
      patterns of tooth wear.

PMID- 3867690
TI  - The relationship between serum IgG levels to subgingival gram-negative bacteria
      and degree of periodontal destruction.
AB  - The relationship between the serum IgG antibody titer against seven species of
      Gram-negative periodontopathic bacteria and clinical parameters (including plaque
      index, gingival index, periodontal pocket depth, and alveolar bone loss) was
      studied in 38 subjects. IgG antibody titer against the sonicated antigens was
      determined by micro-ELISA. A statistically significant correlation was found
      between the serum antibody titer against B. gingivalis and the degree of clinical
      parameters, especially pocket depth. The serum IgG levels against the seven micro
      organisms in 16 periodontal patients before and after clinical treatment were
      also determined. Responses to B. gingivalis decreased (p less than 0.001),
      whereas responses to E. corrodens (p less than 0.01) increased slightly. No
      marked differences were noted between pre- and post-treatment sera in titers
      against B. intermedius, B. loescheii, F. nucleatum, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and
      C. ochracea.

PMID- 3867692
TI  - A study of factors associated with changes in dental anxiety.
AB  - Patients were given the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) to complete and asked to
      indicate the degree of pain they expected to feel on that day's visit to a
      dentist. After the appointment, they indicated the degree of pain actually
      experienced. Three months later, the patients were contacted by mail and asked
      about the amount of pain they remembered having experienced and to complete the
      DAS again. There was considerable stability in DAS scores over the two
      administrations, but some of the change in scores was associated with the
      discrepancy between the degree of pain the patients expected and the degree of
      pain they actually experienced.

PMID- 3867693
TI  - Plaque inhibition by sustained release of chlorhexidine from removable
      appliances.
AB  - We studied the effectiveness of a sustained-release delivery system for
      chlorhexidine in plaque prevention. A clinical trial in a group of eight students
      wearing orthodontic appliances coated by ethyl cellulose polymer containing the
      drug demonstrated that plaque accumulation was decreased for a period of four
      days. All oral procedures had been withdrawn during the clinical study. No side
      effects of chlorhexidine, such as tooth staining and unpleasant taste, were
      observed.

PMID- 3867694
TI  - A new technique for screening chemical toxicity to the pulp from dental
      restorative materials and procedures.
AB  - An in vitro test system is described which allows for quick and relatively
      inexpensive examination of the potential for chemical toxicity to the pulp of
      materials and procedures used in the restoration of single teeth. The test system
      consisted of two sequential steps. First, a restorative procedure was carried out
      on a freshly-extracted human tooth crown, to the pulpal surface of which had been
      attached a chamber filled with sterile tissue-culture medium. The preparation was
      kept at 37 degrees C. The culture medium was removed at day one and replaced with
      fresh medium, which was removed at day 3. In the second step, we used a standard
      tissue-culture toxicity assessment technique to examine both culture medium
      samples for the presence of chemical toxins. In use, this system gave results
      which correlated well with the known clinical potential for pulpal toxicity of
      various dental materials and techniques. For example, zinc oxide-eugenol used as
      temporary filling or base had no apparent potential for toxicity. Sealing a
      cotton pellet containing phenol into a cavity was of high apparent potential
      toxicity. Acrylic resin as intracoronal or extracoronal fillings showed potential
      for toxicity; this potential was decreased by lining with calcium hydroxide
      cement. Composite resin placed onto etched dentin had apparent toxic potential,
      but had less such potential when placed onto unetched dentin. The technique had
      some advantages over previously described in vitro toxicity test for restorative
      materials, because it included a step requiring diffusion of potential toxins
      into and through human dentin, and because it allowed for examination of
      variations in technique which mimic clinical behavior, and of materials used in
      sequence or in combination.

PMID- 3867695
TI  - Time-dependent deformation of composite resins--compositional considerations.
AB  - The compressive yield strength and creep of 21 dental composite resins were
      evaluated and correlated with filler volume percent and extent of cure in the
      resin. In general, yield and creep of composites were more dependent upon filler
      volume fraction than on extent of cure. However, the types of monomers and
      fillers used in the composite formulation appeared to play a major role in
      determining the compressive characteristics of the materials.

PMID- 3867696
TI  - The legal pitfalls in periodontal disease recognition.

PMID- 3867697
TI  - Case of the month. Suspected geographic tongue.

PMID- 3867698
TI  - Interpret your X-rays. Bone invasion of a gingival carcinoma.

PMID- 3867699
TI  - Management of perio-endodontic problem--a case report.

PMID- 3867700
TI  - Median-diastema--an orthodontic approach.

PMID- 3867701
TI  - Cleidocranial dysostosis--autosomal dominant anomaly.

PMID- 3867702
TI  - An attempt to use indigenous pins.

PMID- 3867703
TI  - The effect of chlorhexidine gluconate solution on gingivitis and its best mode of
      application.

PMID- 3867704
TI  - Case of the month. Acute candidiasis of the tongue.

PMID- 3867705
TI  - Interpret your X-rays. Bruxism.

PMID- 3867706
TI  - Use of cyanoacrylate and calcium hydroxide as direct pulp capping agents--a
      clinical, radiographic and histopathological study.

PMID- 3867707
TI  - Pulp stones--a radiologic survey.

PMID- 3867708
TI  - Prevalence of oral lichen planus among dental patients in southern Orissa.

PMID- 3867709
TI  - Nasopalatine cyst--a case report.

PMID- 3867710
TI  - An apparatus for testing wear resistance of acrylic teeth.

PMID- 3867711
TI  - Every upgraded primary health center should have a dentist.

PMID- 3867713
TI  - [Diagnosis and management of periodontal diseases].

PMID- 3867712
TI  - Gm allotypes in IgA deficiency.
AB  - Gm phenotypes were examined in 90 Swedish IgA-deficient (less than 0.05 g/litre
      of serum IgA) donors and 40 normal first and second degree relatives of six of
      these donors. The G1m1,2, G3m5 and Km1 frequency in the group of IgA-deficient
      donors did not differ from that found in the normal population. Among the
      relatives, HLA and/or Gm identical normal sibs were observed. Anti-IgA antibodies
      were present in 29 of the IgA-deficient donors and anti-IgG in seven. No
      association between the two was found. A statistically significant association
      between the G1m-2 phenotype and the presence of anti-IgA antibodies was observed.
      When subdivided according to HLA type, a non-random distribution of Gm phenotypes
      was seen in HLA-B8/DR3 positive individuals with anti-IgA antibodies (HLA-B8/DR3
      being the haplotype associated with IgA deficiency). These data suggest an
      association between IgA deficiency, anti-IgA and the studied Gm allotypes.

PMID- 3867714
TI  - [Impacted supernumerary teeth in the anterior maxilla with special reference to
      their effect on the permanent dentition].

PMID- 3867715
TI  - [Perception of pain in children].

PMID- 3867716
TI  - [Caries pulpitis--etiological and ultrastructural study].

PMID- 3867717
TI  - A clinico-pathologic presentation. Erythema multiforme.

PMID- 3867718
TI  - Tetracycline staining in an adult.

PMID- 3867719
TI  - Cytotoxic effects of NaOCl on vital tissue.

PMID- 3867720
TI  - Periodontal ligament injection: effects on pulp tissue.

PMID- 3867721
TI  - Flare-ups in endodontics: II. Therapeutic measures.

PMID- 3867722
TI  - Unusual root anatomy of mandibular first molars.

PMID- 3867723
TI  - Endodontic failure attributable to a complex radicular lingual groove.

PMID- 3867724
TI  - Prostaglandin synthesis during the course of limb cartilage differentiation in
      vitro.
AB  - In the present study we have used radiometric thin layer chromatography (TLC) and
      radioimmunoassay (RIA) to examine the synthesis of various prostaglandins (PGs)
      during the progressive chondrogenic differentiation limb mesenchymal cells
      undergo in micromass culture. Throughout the 3-day culture period,
      [3H]arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized to compounds which comigrate with
      authentic PGE2, PGF2 alpha, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, TxB2, and PGD2. In micromass
      cultures prepared from the cells of whole stage-23/24 wing buds, all 3H-AA
      metabolites are produced in relatively small amounts during the initial period of
      culture, i.e. prior to the formation of extensive prechondrogenic cellular
      aggregates. Concomitant with maximum aggregate formation and the initiation of
      cartilage differentiation, there is a striking and progressive increase in the
      production of all the major classes of PGs from 3H-AA. PG production from 3H-AA
      is also at a maximum during the onset of chondrogenesis in micromass cultures
      prepared from the distal subridge mesenchymal cells of stage-25 wing buds in
      which more rapid, extensive, and homogeneous cartilage differentiation occurs. To
      complement these TLC studies, RIA has been used to examine the amount of various
      PGs synthesized from endogenous substrates by micromass culture homogenates at
      various times during in vitro chondrogenesis. These RIA studies also indicate
      that PG production is highest during periods of culture which coincide with the
      onset of overt chondrogenesis in both stage-23/24 whole limb and stage-25
      subridge mesoderm micromass cultures. RIA indicates that PGE2 is the predominant
      PG produced from endogenous substrates during 1h incubations at the onset of
      chondrogenesis, while radiometric TLC indicates compounds which comigrate with
      PGF2 alpha are the major class of 3H-AA metabolites which accumulate during that
      time. This qualitative difference very likely reflects metabolism of parent PG
      compounds during the long (12h) labelling and postlabelling incubations utilized
      in the TLC analyses. The temporal correlation between PG production and the
      initiation of chondrogenesis in vitro is consistent with previous studies
      implicating PGs in the regulation of limb cartilage differentiation.

PMID- 3867725
TI  - Cell movement in intact and regenerating planarians. Quantitation using
      chromosomal, nuclear and cytoplasmic markers.
AB  - One of the tenets of Wolff and Dubois' 'neoblast theory' of planarian
      regeneration (Wolff & Dubois, 1948) is that blastema is mainly formed by the
      accumulation of undifferentiated parenchymal cells (neoblasts) that can migrate,
      if needed, over long distances to the wound. That neoblasts migrate was claimed
      by these authors after partial X-irradiation, and total X-irradiation and
      grafting using planarian strains of different pigmentation. From this they
      suggested that migration of neoblasts is stimulated by the wound and directed
      towards it. To study the nature and extent of such 'migration' in intact and
      regenerating organisms, and in order to avoid the flaws of using pigmentation as
      a marker, we made grafts between sexual and asexual races of
      Dugesia(S)mediterranea that differ in a chromosomal marker, and between diploid
      and tetraploid biotypes of Dugesia(S)polychroa that differ in nuclear size. Also,
      fluorescent latex beads were used as cytoplasmic markers to follow 'migration' of
      differentiated cells. The hosts were irradiated or non-irradiated intact and
      regenerating organisms. The results show that: 1) movement of graft cells into
      host tissues occurs in intact organisms at a rate of approximately equal to 40
      micron/day, and that this increases up to approximately equal to 75 micron/day in
      irradiated hosts; 2) movement of cells occurs evenly in all directions; 3)
      regeneration does not speed up rate of movement nor drives cells preferentially
      to the wound; 4) spreading of cells is mainly due to the movement of
      undifferentiated cells (neoblasts); and 5) higher rates of movement are
      correlated with higher mitotic indexes. From this, it is concluded that the so
      called 'migration' of neoblasts is not a true cell migration but the result of
      the slow, even and progressive spreading of these cells mainly caused by random
      movements linked to cell proliferation. The implications of these results for
      blastema formation and the origin of blastema cells are discussed.

PMID- 3867726
TI  - [Evaluation of a blood ammonia checker system].

PMID- 3867727
TI  - [Clinical and endoscopic studies of antral erosion].

PMID- 3867728
TI  - [Radiographic findings of combined collapse of the right middle and lower lobes
      in lateral chest films--is there coexisting pleural effusion?].

PMID- 3867729
TI  - [Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum].

PMID- 3867730
TI  - [Septo-optic dysplasia with pituitary dwarfism--a case report].

PMID- 3867731
TI  - [A rare motive for genetic counseling: the risk of leukemia: apropos of a
      familial form].
AB  - Authors report one family with three cases of myeloblastic acute leukaemia in
      three generations. In this family, without chromosomal abnormalities (the only
      one possible laboratory examination), the risk is certainly increased, but it
      remains, fortunately, low.

PMID- 3867732
TI  - Economic trends in dental practice.

PMID- 3867733
TI  - Capitation dentistry. Can it work for you?

PMID- 3867734
TI  - The female specialist. Will starting a practice be more difficult?

PMID- 3867735
TI  - Incorporation versus disincorporation. A debate for dentists.

PMID- 3867736
TI  - Determining appropriate compensation for dentists in a group practice.

PMID- 3867737
TI  - Time economics in the quality dental practice.

PMID- 3867738
TI  - What are the responsibilities of a dentist who discovers sub-standard dentistry
      performed by another dentist?

PMID- 3867739
TI  - Change in trigeminal somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) at different recording
      sites in cats.

PMID- 3867740
TI  - A study on tooth marks (Part 2)--On the reproducibility and identification of
      tooth marks by means of a three-dimensional measuring instrument.

PMID- 3867741
TI  - The cleaning effects of disinfection on microorganisms adhering to a probe after
      examination of periodontal pockets.

PMID- 3867742
TI  - Fusion of a maxillary central incisor with a supernumerary tooth.

PMID- 3867743
TI  - The influence of "busyness" on attitudes about fluoridation and oversupply.

PMID- 3867744
TI  - Dentofacial deformities--mandibular retrognathia.

PMID- 3867746
TI  - Patients' attitudes toward the routine use of surgical gloves in a dental office.

PMID- 3867745
TI  - ABC's periodontics: "O" is for oral habits.

PMID- 3867747
TI  - Oral manifestations of graft-vs-host disease.

PMID- 3867748
TI  - Anorexia nervosa and bulimia: eating disorders with oral manifestations.

PMID- 3867749
TI  - Betel nut chewing in the United States: an old habit in a new country.

PMID- 3867750
TI  - Techniques for improving dental radiographs.

PMID- 3867751
TI  - Stability of anthracycline antitumour agents in infusion fluids.

PMID- 3867752
TI  - Physical fitness. Sports and recreation for those with lower limb amputation or
      impairment.

PMID- 3867753
TI  - [Modal analysis of extracted teeth].

PMID- 3867755
TI  - [A histological study of dental malformation: III. Considerations on the
      mechanisms of the so-called molar fusion].

PMID- 3867754
TI  - [A histological study of dental malformation: II. Considerations on the
      mechanisms of supernumerary root formation].

PMID- 3867756
TI  - [Location and shape of the so-called 4th molar: possibility of duplication and
      fusion of the 3d molar].

PMID- 3867757
TI  - [Effect of contact pressure from the vibrator (minishaker) and the frequency pick
      up used in measuring occlusal vibration].

PMID- 3867758
TI  - [Endotoxin (LPS)-induced changes in arterial microvascular dimensions in the
      hamster cheek pouch].

PMID- 3867759
TI  - [The setting reaction of gypsum material (1). Relation between the dihydrate and
      W/P ratio of dental plaster].

PMID- 3867760
TI  - Ibuprofen prevents Pasteurella hemolytica endotoxin-induced changes in plasma
      prostanoids and serotonin, and fever in sheep.
AB  - Intravenous infusion of Pasteurella hemolytica endotoxin caused marked increases
      in the plasma levels of thromboxane B2 (TxB2), prostaglandins (PG) and serotonin
      in sheep. The control values for TxB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, and
      serotonin before endotoxin infusion averaged 283 +/- 53 (standard error of mean),
      281 +/- 14 and 199 +/- 27 pg/ml and 57 +/- 3 ng/ml, respectively. At 50 min
      during endotoxin infusion, these values were increased to their maximum of 376,
      339, 325 and 202% of control, respectively. Body temperature increased from the
      control value of 39.5 +/- 0.1 degrees C to a maximum of 41.5 +/- 0.1 degrees C at
      200-300 min of infusion. In the second part of this study, we have examined the
      effects of ibuprofen on endotoxin-induced increases in plasma PG, TxB2, and
      serotonin levels and body temperature. The control values for TxB2, 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha, PGF2 alpha, and temperature prior to ibuprofen and endotoxin infusion
      averaged 238 +/- 35, 335 +/- 44 and 248 +/- 28 pg/ml, 65 +/- 3 ng/ml and 40.1 +/-
      0.2 degrees C, respectively. A loading dose (15 mg/kg) of ibuprofen was followed
      by infusion of endotoxin (12 micrograms/kg) and ibuprofen (43.3 mg/kg) over 500
      min. Plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and serotonin increased only to 131 and
      149% of control at 50 min of infusion, and levels of PGF2 alpha and TxB2
      decreased to 50 and 80% of control at 100 and 150 min of infusion, respectively.
      Temperature remained unchanged. Ibuprofen effectively suppressed endotoxin
      induced increases in the plasma levels of TxB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha,
      and serotonin and body temperature. It was concluded from the present study that
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy might
      have a rational basis in treatment of endotoxin toxicity.

PMID- 3867761
TI  - [Investigation of the concentration of cefmenoxime transferred to human serum and
      tissues in oral region].
AB  - The concentration transferred to human serum and tissues in oral region after the
      administration of cefmenoxime (CMX) were investigated. The results were obtained
      as follows: The mean values of CMX-concentrations in serum at 15, 30, 60, 120 and
      180 minutes after the intravenous administration of 20 ml of 5% glucose solution
      containing 1 g of CMX were 84.1, 52.7, 28.2, 12.7 and 8.81 micrograms/ml,
      respectively. The half-life times of serum concentration at T1/2 alpha and T1/2
      beta were 0.55 and 1.05 hours, respectively. The mean concentrations transferred
      to gingiva at 15 (1 case), 30, 60 and 120 minutes after the intravenous
      administration of the same dose of CMX were 49.2, 14.1, 9.93 and 3.48
      micrograms/g, respectively. Moreover, the ratios (tissue concentration to serum
      concentration) were also 67.50, 27.95, 38.46 and 32.28% at each time,
      respectively. CMX was administered intravenously for postoperative treatments of
      13 patients, resulting in good effect from the laboratory data and clinical
      findings. No side effects were obtained.

PMID- 3867762
TI  - [Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL) and chronic monocytic leukemia (CMoL)-
      with special reference to their difference, therapy and blastic crisis].

PMID- 3867763
TI  - [Idiopathic acquired sideroblastic anemia terminated in acute monocytic leukemia
      associated with karyotypic evolution].

PMID- 3867764
TI  - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation in a child with erythroleukemia
      exhibiting cytoplasmic microperoxisomes].

PMID- 3867765
TI  - [Relation of diabetic markers and tumor markers--hemoglobin A1, glycosylated
      albumin, glycosylated protein and CEA, CA19-9 in diabetic and cancerous
      patients].

PMID- 3867766
TI  - [Radionuclide imaging of malignant pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 3867767
TI  - [CA 125 in patients with ascites].

PMID- 3867768
TI  - [Accumulation of 67Ga-citrate in cardiac fibroma of an adult male].

PMID- 3867769
TI  - [Learning experiences in interactions with an 18-year-old patient with acute
      lymphocytic leukemia].

PMID- 3867770
TI  - [A case of ceftizoxime-induced pneumonitis].

PMID- 3867771
TI  - [Two cases of piperacillin-induced pneumonitis].

PMID- 3867772
TI  - [Clinical aspects of respiratory muscle fatigue].

PMID- 3867773
TI  - [Analysis of the pharmacological effect of mammalian tachykinins on the rat vas
      deferens].

PMID- 3867775
TI  - IVth Capri Conference on Uremia. Capri, Italy, September 1983.

PMID- 3867774
TI  - Possible application of boron neutron capture therapy to canine osteosarcoma.

PMID- 3867776
TI  - Predialysis BUN and creatinine do not predict adequate dialysis, clinical
      rehabilitation, or longevity.

PMID- 3867777
TI  - Standardization of hemodialysis materials.

PMID- 3867778
TI  - Standardization of CAPD in adults and children.

PMID- 3867779
TI  - Minimal standards for hemofiltration.

PMID- 3867780
TI  - Defensive medicine in diabetic nephropathy.
AB  - Conventional insulin treatment fails to prevent the development of disabling and
      fatal complications in most patients with Type I diabetes. Improved metabolic
      control is achievable today with fractional insulin doses, or wearable pumps
      permitting continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. None of the euglycemia
      regimens in hand for 1984 are easy or successful uniformly. Careful insulin
      administration by pumps or in fractional daily doses demands that the patient
      make expensive and time-consuming multiple finger stick blood glucose
      measurements each day. But, considering the high stakes involved in the gamble to
      permit suboptimal glucose regulation, it seems no longer rational to regard
      hyperglycemia as any more inevitable in the diabetic, than was "laudable pus" in
      the post-operative patient of yesteryear. Nearly constant euglycemia can be
      attained in many informed Type I diabetics. There are few complications in a
      tight control regimen, and patients feel better when their blood glucose level
      approaches the normal range most of the time. Should the long-term control versus
      complications trials now beginning show that the effort to maintain euglycemia
      was futile, little will have been lost. But, by stark contrast, if the euglycemia
      regimen is efficacious, how shall we console this generation of diabetics who,
      under "poor" glucose regulation, were the last to progress to uremia and
      blindness when trials now in progress are completed?

PMID- 3867781
TI  - Are standards and checklists needed in uremia therapy?

PMID- 3867782
TI  - Hemoperfusion for uremia: past, present, and future.

PMID- 3867783
TI  - Plasmapheresis holds distinct advantages for 21st century uremia therapy.

PMID- 3867784
TI  - New trends in hepatorenal syndrome.

PMID- 3867785
TI  - When should renal biopsy be done in acute uremia? Tomorrow could be too late.

PMID- 3867786
TI  - Diuretic therapy in uremic patients.

PMID- 3867787
TI  - The gastrointestinal tract in uremic patients on long-term hemodialysis.

PMID- 3867788
TI  - Temperature monitoring in dialysis-induced hypotension.

PMID- 3867789
TI  - Thyroid function in uremic children.

PMID- 3867790
TI  - Silicon metabolism: the basic facts in renal failure.
AB  - Silicon levels in plasma and urine have been studied in normal subjects, in
      chronic renal failure patients, and in regular hemodialysis patients. Plasma
      levels were elevated in chronic renal failure, and in hemodialysis patients they
      were three times the control values. Urine silicon excretion is significantly
      related to creatinine clearance, and to urinary omolality, magnesium and calcium
      levels. A small amount of residual silicon is found in the hollow fiber
      artificial kidneys made by some manufacturers. High concentrations of silicon are
      found in commercial dialysate and pass down a chemical concentration gradient
      into the blood compartment. It is concluded that silicon is sequestered rapidly
      in the body during hemodialysis, and that this amounts to 58 g of silicic acid
      per annum from hemodialysis alone.

PMID- 3867792
TI  - Clinical comparison of hemodialysis and hemofiltration.

PMID- 3867793
TI  - Aluminum and renal osteodystrophy in chronic uremia.

PMID- 3867791
TI  - A new ion exchanger with high in vivo sodium capacity.

PMID- 3867794
TI  - Benefits of bicarbonate dialysis.

PMID- 3867795
TI  - Uremia is an intoxication.

PMID- 3867796
TI  - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis best treatment for end-stage renal
      disease.

PMID- 3867797
TI  - CCPD is even better than CAPD.

PMID- 3867798
TI  - Physician bias in uremia therapy.

PMID- 3867799
TI  - Combining hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 3867800
TI  - Optimized patient care demands flexibility in choosing therapy.

PMID- 3867801
TI  - Intervention in nephropathy due to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).

PMID- 3867802
TI  - Early dietary protein restriction protects the failing kidney.

PMID- 3867803
TI  - Is phosphate more important than protein in low-protein diets?

PMID- 3867804
TI  - Is amino acid imbalance harmful to patients in chronic renal failure?

PMID- 3867805
TI  - Should hyperlipemia of renal failure be treated?

PMID- 3867806
TI  - The effect of branch chain amino acids on the proliferation of normal and uremic
      cells.

PMID- 3867807
TI  - [Endoprosthesis of the knee joint after extensive resection of the distal end of
      the femur in malignant neoplasms].

PMID- 3867808
TI  - [Mask-inhalator for conducting operations on the neck].

PMID- 3867809
TI  - Purification and characterization of 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from
      bull testis.
AB  - 20 alpha-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha-HSD) from bull testis has been
      purified to homogeneity and characterized in terms of apparent molecular weight,
      lack of subunit composition, substrate and cofactor specificity and certain
      kinetic parameters. The enzyme activity is localized in the 105,000 g supernatant
      and is stable at 4 degrees C in the presence of glycerol and dithiothreitol.
      Purification was achieved by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by affinity
      chromatography on reactive red 120-agarose and subsequent gel filtration. The
      apparent molecular weight of the homogeneous enzyme, as determined by gel
      filtration on Sephacryl S-300 is 34,000. The mobility of the enzyme in sodium
      dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis corresponds to a mol. wt of 40,000.
      These observations indicate that the enzyme is a single-stranded, monomeric
      polypeptide. The enzyme catalyzes the reduction of the 17-hydroxyprogesterone to
      17,20 alpha-dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3-one in the presence of NADPH, the preferred
      cofactor. Homogeneous 20 alpha-HSD has an SA of 115 mIU/mg, and has been purified
      14,000-fold with an overall 68% recovery. It exhibits a pH optimum at 5.6 and
      appears to be highly specific for 17-hydroxyprogesterone with an apparent Km
      value of 7.3 X 10(-5) M. Androstenedione and corticosterone do not serve as
      substrates under the described experimental conditions. The enzyme does not
      possess 17 alpha- or 17 beta-HSD activity.

PMID- 3867810
TI  - Kinetic studies of oestradiol 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in MCF-7
      mammary cancer cells.
AB  - The kinetic properties of oestradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase have been studied in
      the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. The activity of the enzyme was found to
      be linear with respect to time for at least 2 h and with respect to protein
      concentrations over the range 40-300 micrograms protein per tube. The enzyme was
      able to utilize both NAD and NADP as cofactors but at higher concentrations NAD
      was the more effective. The apparent Km was estimated to be 13.4 microM which is
      approximately two-fold higher than found for breast tumour tissue.

PMID- 3867811
TI  - [Jaw position in Class III skeletal malocclusion].

PMID- 3867812
TI  - [Germectomy of the lower 3d molar: an alternative surgical technic, the high
      distal approach].

PMID- 3867813
TI  - [The occlusal splint: a fixation method in the treatment of maxillofacial
      malformations].

PMID- 3867814
TI  - [Combination of various therapies for the individual resolution of malocclusion].

PMID- 3867815
TI  - [Transposition: therapeutic considerations. II].

PMID- 3867816
TI  - [The underdevelopment of the midface].

PMID- 3867817
TI  - [Technics for the rebasing of complete dentures].

PMID- 3867818
TI  - [Personality of patients with dentures versus patients without dentures].

PMID- 3867819
TI  - [Visits to the dentist 1974-1983].

PMID- 3867820
TI  - [Dental health study. VI. Dental information source and the dental knowledge of
      15-year-old children].

PMID- 3867821
TI  - [Students on health service reorganization].

PMID- 3867822
TI  - [The health history in dental practice].

PMID- 3867823
TI  - [Effect of drugs on dental treatment].

PMID- 3867824
TI  - [Various aspects of general anesthesia].

PMID- 3867825
TI  - [Medical complications after dental and oral surgical procedures].

PMID- 3867826
TI  - [Allergic contact stomatitis].

PMID- 3867827
TI  - [Medical emergencies in dental practice].

PMID- 3867828
TI  - [Focal infection].

PMID- 3867829
TI  - [Dry mouth].

PMID- 3867830
TI  - [Present treatment modalities for premalignant and malignant lesions, for
      example, planocellular carcinoma of the mouth].

PMID- 3867831
TI  - [Mouth lesions due to systemic diseases].

PMID- 3867832
TI  - [Psychiatric genetics].

PMID- 3867833
TI  - Indolealkylamines and prolactin secretion. A structure-activity study in the
      central nervous system of the rat.
AB  - The present study was performed to examine the central effects of the
      indolealkylamine hallucinogens, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (MDMT),
      bufotenin and N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), infused intracerebroventricularly
      (i.c.v.) into the lateral ventricle. They were found to have a stimulatory effect
      upon the secretion of prolactin. Their order of potency was compared. From a
      structure-activity point of view, MDMT is the most potent, followed by bufotenin,
      and then by DMT. Bufotenin, which does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier,
      caused a prolonged effect on the elevation of prolactin, with a suggestion of a
      biphasic effect at the maximum dose (0.02 M). N,N-dimethyltryptamine showed a
      clear dose-response relationship in the stimulation of the release of prolactin.
      The present results confirm those of previous investigators, who have
      demonstrated that these drugs cause the release of prolactin, with a possible
      biphasic effect. The present results suggest that, the response which was
      obtained was centrally mediated, and probably did not involve stimulation of
      peripheral receptors and the time course of action of indoles is different when
      infused centrally, compared to their time course when infused peripherally.

PMID- 3867834
TI  - [Finishing the interdental space in amalgam restorations: S.E.M. observations].

PMID- 3867837
TI  - [Use of composite materials in Class II restorations. Result of a 5-year study].

PMID- 3867836
TI  - [Work position of the treatment team].

PMID- 3867835
TI  - [The laser in dentistry].

PMID- 3867838
TI  - [Nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation in dentistry].

PMID- 3867839
TI  - [Can a satisfactory alternative be found for amalgam?].

PMID- 3867840
TI  - The malpractice insurance crisis of the 1980's: a historical perspective.

PMID- 3867841
TI  - The use of a digital computer to predict remaining root surface.

PMID- 3867842
TI  - Clinical guidelines in managing the fear of dental surgery.

PMID- 3867843
TI  - A palatal swelling with pain and paresthesia.

PMID- 3867844
TI  - [Dentacolor: a light-hardened K + B composite with a microfilled base (Kulzer)].

PMID- 3867845
TI  - Rationalization of some genetic anticodonic assignments.
AB  - The genetic code appears to be a logic matrix in which, generally speaking, there
      is a correlation between the hydrophobicities of amino acids and their
      anticodonic nucleotides. There are several exceptions to this generality,
      however, and using previous data on hydrophobicity and binding constants, coupled
      with new data on reaction rates, we rationalize several of the anticodonic
      assignments.

PMID- 3867846
TI  - Count and size of platelets in bone marrow aspirate.

PMID- 3867847
TI  - [Acute suppurative otitis media in leukemia].

PMID- 3867848
TI  - Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) of the small intestine with associated
      megakaryocytes.

PMID- 3867849
TI  - Mycoplasma pneumonia in acute childhood leukemia.

PMID- 3867850
TI  - [Ovarian recurrence of lymphoblastic leukemia in an 11-year-old 41 months after
      termination of chemotherapy].

PMID- 3867851
TI  - [New knowledge on vitamins A, C and E].

PMID- 3867852
TI  - [Treatment of malignant hemopathies with aracytine in low doses. Analysis of 159
      cases].
AB  - Based on the in vitro experiments which showed the capacity of Aracytine (AraC)
      to induce differentiation of leukemic cells, low dose AraC treatment of patients
      with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has been
      available since 1980. Many studies involving only small numbers of patients have
      demonstrated contradictory results regarding the efficacy or the mechanism of
      action of this regimen. A retrospective clinical study is presented, including
      159 patients treated in 11 French institutions and 1 German institution (AML: 99
      patients; MDS: 38 patients). The study confirms the efficacy of low dose AraC,
      especially in elderly patients with hypoplastic AML. Although, less severe than
      with high dose chemotherapy, toxicity needs regular monitoring. The mechanism of
      action cannot be ascertained by this clinical study, however half of the complete
      remissions were obtained with no bone marrow aplasia. Studies with low dose AraC
      and/or other in vitro differentiating agents need to be continued.

PMID- 3867853
TI  - A case of chronic myelogenous leukemia with 11q- in blast crisis with monoblastic
      differentiation.
AB  - We report a case of chronic myeloid leukemia in monoblastic blast crisis in which
      a deletion of chromosome 11 (11q-) was detected. Such a finding seems to provide
      further support to a relationship between this chromosome anomaly and monocytic
      proliferation.

PMID- 3867854
TI  - Preliminary results in secondary acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) treated
      with Idarubicin.
AB  - The results of Idarubicin treatment in patients with secondary acute non
      lymphocytic leukemia are presented: 7 courses have been performed in 6 patients
      and 4 complete remissions have been induced in three of them. Tolerance was
      excellent and no cardiotoxicity was observed. However, remissions were short and
      combination therapy is suggested.

PMID- 3867855
TI  - [Immunoscintigraphy and radioimmunotherapy of transplanted pancreatic carcinoma.
      Experimental animal studies with 131I-labeled monoclonal antibodies against CA 19
      9, CEA and CA 125].
AB  - The immunoscintigraphic results in 12 human pancreatic carcinomas established on
      nude mice (Nu-Nu-Balb-C) are reported. The transplanted tumors corresponded to
      the human cancers concerning histology, grading, immunohistochemistry and
      secretion of tumor-associated antigens. 131I-labeled monoclonal antibodies
      against CA 19-9, CEA and CA 125 were used. These antigens are found in the serum
      of more than 90% of patients with pancreatic carcinoma at the time of first
      diagnosis. The result show that pancreatic carcinomas are detectable with the
      antibodies applied here. The quality of the scintigraphic detection depends,
      among other factors, on the antibody affinity to the tumor, the localization and
      the size of the tumor. Preliminary results of the studies on radioimmunotherapy
      of pancreatic cancer with 131I-anti-CA 19-9 indicate that effective absorbed
      doses in the tumor may be achieved via intravenous application only in cases with
      a rather high expression of the tumor antigen. But direct instillation into the
      tumor enables therapeutic radiation doses to the tumor even with moderate
      affinity and a low whole-body burden, as shown by experiments in 8 mice bearing 4
      different human pancreatic carcinomas, 3 with positive and 1 with negative
      affinity to CA 19-9: the tumor retentions and the effective half-lives of 131I
      anti-CA 19-9 were measured after intratumoral (100 microCi/mg tumor) or
      intravenous (30 and 190 microCi/g body weight) application.

PMID- 3867856
TI  - [Epidemiologic study of the orodental health of the lepers in MBalling (MBour
      Senegal)].

PMID- 3867857
TI  - Susceptibility of individual dentition to dental caries.

PMID- 3867858
TI  - Application of the primary health care approach to oral health systems in
      underdeveloped countries.

PMID- 3867859
TI  - Maxillo-facial fractures in southwestern Nigeria (1976-1981).

PMID- 3867860
TI  - [Preparation of an epidemiological survey of the orodental health of African
      populations: Rwanda as an example].

PMID- 3867861
TI  - Adequacy of the dental service. An approach for assessment.

PMID- 3867862
TI  - The significance of calcified regional lymph nodes at the time of diagnosis of
      osteosarcoma.
AB  - The presence of lymph node metastases from osteosarcoma was rare at diagnosis,
      occurring in only four of 176 patients (2.3%) at St. Jude Children's Research
      Hospital. An additional patient presented with calcified lymph nodes, which were
      demonstrated to contain no evidence of metastatic osteosarcoma. These patients
      did not differ in race, sex or age at diagnosis from other osteosarcoma patients.
      Each of the four patients with lymph node metastases of osteosarcoma had tumors
      composed predominantly of the osteoblastic type. Regional nodal metastases,
      whether alone or in conjunction with other metastatic disease were a poor
      prognostic factor. Despite aggressive therapy, median survival was 8 1/2 months
      from diagnosis, which did not differ significantly from the survival achieved by
      other osteosarcoma patients who had other hematogenous metastases.

PMID- 3867863
TI  - An approach to the treatment of malignant bone tumors.

PMID- 3867864
TI  - Preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma: a ten year
      experience.
AB  - During the past ten years, (November 1973 through November 1983) 208 patients
      with fully malignant primary osteogenic sarcoma of an extremity were treated with
      preoperative chemotherapy on four successive treatment protocols. Continuous
      improvements in the disease-free survival of patients were attributed to
      refinements in the chemotherapy regimens. These refinements were made after
      direct observation of the response of the primary tumor to chemotherapy. At a
      minimum follow-up time of 36 months for 87 patients treated on the T-10
      chemotherapy protocol, 67 (77%) have remained alive and continuously free of
      disease, and 71/87 (81.6%) are currently free of disease. Of the entire group of
      208 patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy, 150 (72%) have remained
      continuously free of disease, and 158/208 (76%) are currently free of disease
      from three to 11 years (median five years). The overall complete response rate of
      the primary tumor to preoperative chemotherapy was 49%. Relapses in 19 patients
      with tumors about the knee were attributed to local recurrences following en bloc
      resection. Of the 58 patients undergoing amputation following preoperative
      chemotherapy, 46/58 (79.3%) have remained alive and continuously free of disease.
      23/25 patients (92%) having undergone resection for proximal humerus lesions
      remain alive and free of disease at this time. There have been no local
      recurrences for patients having humeral resections. Preoperative chemotherapy has
      given rise to better chemotherapy regimens, higher cure rates, and the
      appropriate selection of the best postoperative therapy for patients with
      osteogenic sarcoma.

PMID- 3867865
TI  - New problems in old polio patients: results of a survey of 539 polio survivors.
AB  - Presented are the results of a questionnaire survey on new health problems in 539
      polio survivors. The most common new problems were fatigue, weakness in
      previously affected and unaffected muscles, muscle pain, and joint pain. The
      median time from polio to the onset of these problems ranged from 30 to 40 years.
      Factors at onset of polio most strongly associated with developing these new
      health problems were: being hospitalized, being over 10 years old, being on a
      ventilator, and having paralytic involvement of all four limbs. The differential
      diagnoses of these new problems, implications for treatment and areas for future
      research are discussed.

PMID- 3867866
TI  - Poliomyelitis: late respiratory complications and management.
AB  - One hundred forty-six respiratory polios have been reviewed for complications and
      current respiratory aids. One hundred thirty-eight of these people required
      respirator assistance at the onset of their poliomyelitis infection. Fifteen
      patients have kyphoscoliosis. Seventy-five percent of the total patients require
      some assisted ventilation. Fifty-two percent have tracheostomies. Most of these
      people have been followed at Rancho Los Amigos Medical Center for many years. The
      literature regarding late respiratory complications of polio is reviewed.

PMID- 3867867
TI  - Pathologic studies of the osteoporosis of Von Gierke's disease (glycogenosis 1a).
AB  - Pathologic and point count-morphometric studies of ribs, vertebrae, and iliac
      crests of 7 patients with Von Gierke's glycogenesis type Ia aged 5 months to 30
      years were performed. The bone lesion is a pure osteoporosis (reduction in mass
      of bone matrix) with no evidences of significant physeal cartilage abnormality or
      of osteitis fibrosa or osteomalacia (reduced mineralization of bone matrix). The
      osteoporosis was already marked in the youngest patient studied (5 months). The
      discrepancy between normal and glycogen storage disease (GSD) bones increased
      progressively with age for ribs and was less severe for vertebrae. Available
      biochemical data give no indication of primary disturbance of calcium or
      phosphate metabolism, of parathyroid activity, or of vitamin D metabolism.
      Clinical data suggest that the osteoporosis of Von Gierke's disease is due to
      hypoglycemia or a metabolic sequela thereof, such as insulinopenia, but
      pathologic study of patients treated by newer techniques of maintaining
      euglycemia in GSD is needed.

PMID- 3867869
TI  - [Diagnosis of limited movement with a mandibular movement recorder].

PMID- 3867868
TI  - Granulocytic sarcoma preceding leukaemic transformation in myelofibrosis.
AB  - A granulocytic sarcoma expanded the malar region in a patient with proven
      myelofibrosis over a 22 month period before undergoing rapid increase in size
      concomitantly with transformation to acute granulocytic leukaemia in the marrow
      and the widespread appearance of subcutaneous tumour deposits. Rapid response was
      obtained with local radiotherapy, and the systemic disease manifestations were
      controlled on combination courses of oral 4'-demethoxydaunorubicin and the
      epipodophyllotoxin VP16-213. This appears to be the first example of a
      granulocytic sarcoma occurring in a patient with myelofibrosis.

PMID- 3867870
TI  - [Diagnosis of limited movement with pantography].

PMID- 3867871
TI  - [Diagnosis of TMJ syndrome with the mandibular kinesiograph].

PMID- 3867872
TI  - [Checking the masticatory movement with a sirognathograph].

PMID- 3867873
TI  - [Use of electromyography in the diagnosis of temporomandibular syndrome].

PMID- 3867874
TI  - [Psychological diagnosis of temporomandibular joint syndrome].

PMID- 3867876
TI  - [Occlusal management of TMJ syndrome, with special reference to anterior
      guidance].

PMID- 3867875
TI  - [Diagnosis of TMJ syndrome by palpation].

PMID- 3867877
TI  - [Management of TMJ syndrome with the combined used of bite guards].

PMID- 3867878
TI  - [Repositioning appliances and occlusal splints in TMJ syndrome].

PMID- 3867879
TI  - [Management of TMJ syndrome with the use of myomonitoring equipment].

PMID- 3867880
TI  - [Use of biofeedback in the management of TMJ syndrome].

PMID- 3867882
TI  - [Management of the clicking sound in TMJ syndrome].

PMID- 3867881
TI  - [Drug therapy in TMJ syndrome].

PMID- 3867883
TI  - [General diagnosis of TMJ syndrome].

PMID- 3867884
TI  - [Muscle conditions in the diagnosis of TMJ syndrome].

PMID- 3867885
TI  - [Radiography of temporomandibular joint in clinical dentistry].

PMID- 3867886
TI  - [Dental occlusion in the etiology of TMJ syndrome].

PMID- 3867887
TI  - [TMJ syndrome: pathophysiology of the soft tissue].

PMID- 3867888
TI  - [Diagnosis of temporomandibular joint sounds].

PMID- 3867889
TI  - [Dental occlusion in TMJ syndrome].

PMID- 3867890
TI  - [Classification of dental articulators].

PMID- 3867891
TI  - [Occlusal adjustment in complete dentures: (1). Use of an articulator].

PMID- 3867892
TI  - [The most frequent errors in conservative treatment of the teeth. Radiographic
      study].

PMID- 3867893
TI  - [Current methods of treating permanent teeth with incomplete development and
      infected root canals].

PMID- 3867894
TI  - [Composite filling materials polymerized with radiation].

PMID- 3867895
TI  - [Treatment of traumatically intruded teeth].

PMID- 3867896
TI  - [Cherubism--familial fibrous dysplasia of the jaws].

PMID- 3867897
TI  - [External fistulas of odontogenic origin in children].

PMID- 3867898
TI  - [Dislocated fractures of the mandibular condyles and subsequent asymmetry of the
      face].

PMID- 3867899
TI  - [Treatment of enamel defects in adolescents].

PMID- 3867900
TI  - Optimal timing of adjuvant chemotherapy in mouse models.
AB  - In three mouse tumor models the effect of timing of adjuvant chemotherapy with a
      single dose of cyclophosphamide was studied. In one tumor, preoperative adjuvant
      therapy was better than postoperative therapy. In a second tumor, the reverse was
      the case, and in the third model there was no difference resulting from variation
      in the timing of cytostatic drug therapy. Obviously, the concept that a standard
      drug dose always gives a constant relative cell kill is not always a valid
      simplification of dose-effect relationships in chemotherapy.

PMID- 3867902
TI  - Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma: a five year follow-up (T-10) and
      preliminary report of new studies (T-12).
AB  - During the past 10 years, (November, 1973 through November, 1983) 208 patients
      with fully malignant primary osteogenic sarcoma of an extremity were treated with
      preoperative chemotherapy on 4 successive treatment protocols. Continuous
      improvements in the disease-free survival of patients were attributed to
      refinements in the chemotherapy regimens. These refinements were made after
      direct observation of the response of the primary tumor to chemotherapy. At a
      minimum follow-up time of over 38 months for 87 patients treated on the T-10
      chemotherapy protocol, 67 (77%) have remained alive and continuously free of
      disease, and 71/87 (81.6%) are currently free of disease at a median follow-up
      time of 5 years. Overall complete response rate of the primary tumor to
      preoperative chemotherapy was 48%. Fifty-one patients were treated on a pilot
      protocol (T-12) from November, 1981, to November, 1983. The main difference was
      that after preoperative high dose methotrexate and combination bleomycin, cytoxan
      and dactinomycin therapy, patients having a good histologic response of the
      primary tumor (21/51 or 41%) had their chemotherapy stopped at 15 weeks and did
      not receive platinum or Adriamycin chemotherapy. 38/51 (75%) on T-12 remained
      continuously free of disease and 39/51 (76%) are currently alive and free of
      disease. There were 2 local recurrences on the T-10 protocol and 6 on the T-12
      protocol. Excluding local recurrences 71/85 (84%), patients treated on T-10 are
      currently alive and free of disease and 38/45 (84%) patients treated on T-12 are
      alive and free of disease (at a median follow-up of 24 months for T-12). This
      preliminary study indicates that preoperative chemotherapy may be used to select
      a subset of patients (who respond well to preoperative high dose methotrexate)
      who can have therapy terminated early, sparing those patients the undesirable
      side effects and cost of additional therapy with platinum and Adriamycin.

PMID- 3867901
TI  - Limb salvage for malignant tumors of bone.
AB  - With the use of preoperative therapy of chemotherapy and radiation, limb salvage
      has been possible in more than 95% of patients with highly malignant bone tumors.
      Without preoperative treatment, limb salvage is possible in only 40% of the
      patients. In our experience, improved limb salvage is a direct result of the
      preoperative therapy. We are not sure this preoperative therapy is the ideal one,
      or whether the intraarterial Adriamycin is superior to intravenous
      administration, or whether the dose of radiation is the proper one, or even
      whether radiation is necessary at all. These questions remain unanswered at this
      time. However, the pathologist's evaluation of the excised specimens shows that
      the preoperative treatment has definite beneficial effect for more than 80% of
      the patients on this program. Local control is equal with either amputation or
      limb salvage. Additionally, the overall survival rate is identical for either
      limb salvage or primary amputation. The major factor for patient survival appears
      to be the systemic adjuvant chemotherapy. Limb salvage as practiced at UCLA is as
      effective as amputation for control of malignant bone tumors. The selection of
      patients for our limb salvage program has not adversely affected the rate of
      disease progression or ultimate survival. The cosmetic and functional results of
      limb-salvage surgery is at least comparable to if not better than external
      prostheses. Finally, the only factor that appears to influence long-term survival
      in a positive manner is participation in a polydrug postoperative adjuvant
      chemotherapy program.

PMID- 3867903
TI  - Combination chemotherapy preceding surgery in osteogenic sarcoma.
AB  - In 19 unselected subsequently entered non-metastatic patients with a normal
      osteogenic sarcoma two different just tolerable chemotherapy combinations were
      applied pre- and postoperatively. The median follow-up time after discontinuation
      of chemotherapy is 26+ months. Nine patients have failed, all showing pulmonary
      metastases, six have died despite several heavy salvage regimens. So the disease
      free survival rate is 53%. Longer follow-up in this group and the European
      Osteosarcoma Intergroup Study will be needed to clarify the value of neoadjuvant
      chemotherapy in this disease.

PMID- 3867904
TI  - Age-related decrements in the analgesic and hyperphagic responses to 2-deoxy-D
      glucose.
AB  - Among the compromised physiological responses affected by aging is an impaired
      response to glucose. Since administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) produces
      both analgesic and hyperphagic responses in young adult rats, the present study
      examined whether systematic variations in these responses occurred as a function
      of age. Separate cohorts of 4, 9, 14, 19 and 24 month old female rats received
      ascending doses of 2DG (0, 50, 250, 450, 650 mg/kg) with tail-flick latencies and
      jump thresholds assessed 30, 60 and 120 min later. Then the same rats received
      2DG injections (0, 650, 1200 mg/kg) and food intake was assessed 5 hr later.
      Significant decreases in 2DG analgesia were observed on the tail-flick test as a
      function of age with the maximal decrease observed at the highest 2DG dose.
      Significant decreases in 2DG analgesia were generally observed on the jump test
      as a function of age, although this effect was not as robust as that observed on
      the tail-flick test. Finally, significant and systematic decreases in 2DG
      hyperphagia were observed as a function of age following both the 650 mg/kg and
      the 1200 mg/kg doses. The observed decrements in the analgesic and hyperphagic
      responses to 2DG as a function of age appear to represent an orderly alteration
      in responses to glucoprivation through adulthood.

PMID- 3867905
TI  - Serum lipids and lipoprotein abnormalities in patients with thrombotic stroke-
      with exploring the protective role of HDL subfractions.
AB  - The main purpose of this report is to demonstrate the presence of subfractions in
      serum HDL and to explore their role in the pathogenesis of thrombotic stroke
      Preparative untracentrifugation was used to isolate the differing density
      fractions of serum lipoproteins, and 2-27% polyacrylamide gradient gel
      electrophoresis was used to identify the character of the HDL subfractions. The
      study was performed on 59 Chinese males, in whom 31 were patients with thrombotic
      stroke affecting the cerebral cortex diagnosed by neurological examination and
      computed tomography; and the others grouped as healthy control. The age and Broca
      index of both groups were similar. The serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL
      cholesterol were normal. However, in the thrombotic stroke group HDL-cholesterol
      was significantly lower and correlated inversely with both significantly higher
      levels of VLDL-cholesterol (r=-0.5392, p less than 0.01) and VLDL-triglyceride
      (r=-0.5866, p less than 0.01). The serum levels of total triglycerides and LDL
      triglyceride were also significantly higher in patient with thrombotic stroke.
      The mean area percentage of HDL2b subfraction measured in the diameter range as
      determined by gradient gel electrophoresis was significantly lower and HDL2 also
      showed the same tendency in patients with thrombotic stroke. Our finding was
      consistent with the postulation that HDL2 or HDL2b in in particular, probably
      played a more protective role than any other HDL subfractions against thrombotic
      stroke, one of the major atherosclerotic complications.

PMID- 3867906
TI  - Limited joint mobility in insulin-dependent diabetes: relationship to
      retinopathy, peripheral nerve function and HLA status.
AB  - Eighty-eight (43 per cent) of 204 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes had
      limited joint mobility affecting mainly the small joints of the hands. The
      presence of limited joint mobility correlated with duration of diabetes and with
      the presence of retinopathy. Patients with longstanding diabetes were
      approximately 2.5 times more likely to have proliferative retinopathy if limited
      joint mobility was present than if it was absent, although the risk for non
      proliferative or background retinopathy was not increased. In patients with
      longstanding diabetes and limited joint mobility nerve conduction velocity and
      vibration perception threshold were significantly reduced compared with patients
      having similar duration of diabetes but normal joints. The association between
      insulin-dependent diabetes and HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 was confirmed, but there was
      no difference, between patients with and without limited joint mobility, in the
      frequency of the various HLA types. Limitation of joint mobility appears to be
      another "chronic complication' of diabetes, developing in parallel with
      retinopathy and deteriorating peripheral nerve function, and possibly of similar
      aetiology.

PMID- 3867907
TI  - [Various bone-implant interface zones of endosseous implants].

PMID- 3867908
TI  - [Failures in orthodontics].

PMID- 3867909
TI  - [Periodontal intra-alveolar bone pockets--frequency and distribution].

PMID- 3867910
TI  - [Polishing injuries to the gingival margin].

PMID- 3867911
TI  - [Interpretation of radiographs].

PMID- 3867912
TI  - [EDP--solution concepts for office information systems].

PMID- 3867913
TI  - [Modern communication].

PMID- 3867914
TI  - [Sand-blasting process and its use in surface conditioning of dental alloys (I(].

PMID- 3867915
TI  - [Dry tips: dams before the flood].

PMID- 3867916
TI  - [Burs and root tips in the maxillary sinus].

PMID- 3867917
TI  - [Unilateral subperiosteal implant in the maxilla (III)].

PMID- 3867919
TI  - [Possible applications of the McSpadden compactor].

PMID- 3867918
TI  - [Endodontic treatment of periapical changes without apicoectomy].

PMID- 3867920
TI  - [Rest pin registration in adduction centric--a new procedure].

PMID- 3867921
TI  - [Interpretation of radiographs].

PMID- 3867922
TI  - [Is the recall system illegal?].

PMID- 3867923
TI  - [Facial pain--differential diagnosis for the dentist (III)].

PMID- 3867924
TI  - [Variable horizontal pull headgear--remodelling in an anterior high pull
      headgear].

PMID- 3867925
TI  - [Apical gingiva repositioning to increase the attached gingiva].

PMID- 3867926
TI  - [Interpretation of radiographs].

PMID- 3867927
TI  - [Metallic crown margins in scanning electron micrographs].

PMID- 3867928
TI  - [Correct and healthy nutrition in childhood].

PMID- 3867929
TI  - [Academic practice and science. An advanced concept in modern education].

PMID- 3867930
TI  - [Sanguinarine--a new antiplaque agent?].

PMID- 3867931
TI  - [The Yashica Dental Eye--simple camera system for dental documentation].

PMID- 3867932
TI  - [Interpretation of radiographs].

PMID- 3867933
TI  - [Rubber dam--good practice in 30 seconds].

PMID- 3867934
TI  - [Determination of the "therapeutic centric"--experimental studies and clinical
      consequences].

PMID- 3867935
TI  - [Correct positioning of patient and work posture of the team (I)].

PMID- 3867936
TI  - [Prevention talks with a Leveste kindergarten class].

PMID- 3867937
TI  - [Motivation and practical follow-up of fluoride measures in the office and at
      home (II)].

PMID- 3867938
TI  - [Responsibilities of the assistant].

PMID- 3867939
TI  - [My experiences with instrument maintenance].

PMID- 3867940
TI  - [Matrices. A brief overview of current systems (II)].

PMID- 3867941
TI  - [Motivation and practical follow-up of fluoride measures in the office and at
      home (III)].

PMID- 3867942
TI  - [Rational work procedures in an administrative area].

PMID- 3867943
TI  - [My experiences with personal hygiene in the office].

PMID- 3867944
TI  - [New cutting tools--compact sets].

PMID- 3867945
TI  - [Inhalation and aerosol therapy].

PMID- 3867946
TI  - [Abscess and other pyogenic inflammation].

PMID- 3867947
TI  - [Correct positioning of the patient and work position of the team (II)].

PMID- 3867948
TI  - [Relations among patients, dentists and assistants].

PMID- 3867949
TI  - [Dealings with trainees in relation to pedagogical and psychological aspects
      (I)].

PMID- 3867950
TI  - [Daily procedures in the dental office from a hygienic viewpoint].

PMID- 3867951
TI  - [Applications of various radiations (I)].

PMID- 3867953
TI  - [Dental assistant interacting with the elderly patient].

PMID- 3867952
TI  - [Hiccup].

PMID- 3867954
TI  - [Basic principles: prosthetics. Partial dentures (I)].

PMID- 3867955
TI  - [Caries prevention with Duraphat in a new application form].

PMID- 3867956
TI  - [Dealings with trainees in relation to pedagogical and psychological aspects
      (II)].

PMID- 3867957
TI  - [Maintenance of roentgenography equipment].

PMID- 3867958
TI  - [Application of various radiations (II)].

PMID- 3867959
TI  - [Vertigo].

PMID- 3867961
TI  - [Basic principles: prosthetics. Partial dentures (II)].

PMID- 3867960
TI  - [Infection. Symptoms, progress and classification of various forms of infection].

PMID- 3867962
TI  - [Orthodontic treatment and the dental assistant].

PMID- 3867963
TI  - [Motivation and practical follow-up of fluoridation measures in the office and at
      home (I)].

PMID- 3867964
TI  - [Waiting in the waiting room].

PMID- 3867965
TI  - [Experiences with office hygiene].

PMID- 3867966
TI  - [Matrices. A brief overview of current systems (I)].

PMID- 3867967
TI  - [Coloring teeth black in Japan].

PMID- 3867968
TI  - [Examination of the mounting of complete dentures and articulator problems
      (III)].

PMID- 3867970
TI  - [Video text--private use].

PMID- 3867969
TI  - [Possibility of cooperation between jaw surgery and dental technology].

PMID- 3867971
TI  - [Overdentures for a patient with adiposogenital dystrophy (Frohlich syndrome)].

PMID- 3867972
TI  - [Biological chewing surfaces].

PMID- 3867973
TI  - [Applied esthetics--a challenge (I)].

PMID- 3867974
TI  - [Modern communication using data banks].

PMID- 3867975
TI  - [Examination of the set-ups of complete dentures and articulator problems (II)].

PMID- 3867976
TI  - [Control of the unlocking attachment element using a synthetic fitting.
      Documentation of the sameness between the model and the oral situation].

PMID- 3867978
TI  - Implications of weed genetics and ecology for the deliberate release of
      genetically-engineered crop plants.

PMID- 3867977
TI  - Color visualization during porcelain buildup using an organic liquid binder.

PMID- 3867979
TI  - Discussion on a proposal to from a RAC working group on biological weapons.

PMID- 3867980
TI  - Development of a points to consider document for human somatic cell gene therapy.

PMID- 3867981
TI  - [Detection of pancreatic cancer by Eruza-CA19-9 kit].

PMID- 3867982
TI  - Potential food safety problems in genetic engineering.
AB  - The rapid development of gene technology, exemplified by the recombinant DNA
      technique and the hybridoma technique, will heavily influence our food supply in
      the years to come. Fermentation products from genetic-engineered microbials, the
      microbials themselves and new plant products will create a number of questions
      concerning the possible pathogenicity, toxicity, and changed nutritional values
      of such foodstuffs. This is a great challenge not only to the development of new
      approaches in nutritional toxicology but also to international cooperation in the
      field because genetic-modified organisms are not expected to recognize human-made
      trade barriers or borders. Therefore the initiative of OECD establishing an ad
      hoc group on safety and regulations in biotechnology is greatly acknowledged.

PMID- 3867983
TI  - Finishing posterior composites. An SEM study of a range of instruments and their
      effect on a composite and enamel.

PMID- 3867984
TI  - [Parotid gland tumors. Histology and clinical experience in 161 cases (I)].

PMID- 3867985
TI  - [Light-polymerized composites in periodontology].

PMID- 3867986
TI  - [Osteitis fibrosa cystica and the hypercalcemia syndrome as initial
      manifestations of lymphoblastic leukemia].

PMID- 3867987
TI  - [Right intra-auricular metastasis of an osteosarcoma: echocardiographic
      diagnosis].

PMID- 3867988
TI  - [Interaction between HLA and Gm for susceptibility to insulin-dependent
      diabetes].
AB  - It is now well established that HLA system is involved in the susceptibility to
      Type 1 diabetes mellitus. In this study we look for a possible effect of the Gm
      system. A first study (cases-controls) suggests that among individuals who had
      HLA-DR3 but not HLA-DR4 or HLA-DR4 without HLA-DR3, there is a possible effect of
      the phenotype Gm3,23,5 or Gm3,-5 in the susceptibility to IDDM. Moreover, we have
      tested by the sibpair method whether HLA and Gm are transmitted independently
      from IDDM: an unaffected sib, sharing the same HLA haplotypes than an affected
      individual, seems to be more often phenotypically different at the Gm loci.

PMID- 3867989
TI  - [Oro-dento-facial lesions, due to leprosy in tropical African regions].

PMID- 3867990
TI  - [The effect of emotional parameters on local anesthesia in pedodontics].

PMID- 3867991
TI  - [Design of a surgical protocol for placement of a single-unit implant].

PMID- 3867992
TI  - [Overdentures in the prosthetic treatment of partial edentulousness].

PMID- 3867993
TI  - [Prevention of fractures of the acrylic resin bases of complete upper dentures
      opposed by natural teeth or a mixed dentition].

PMID- 3867994
TI  - [Canal obturation technics using condensation. 1: Evaluation and materials].

PMID- 3867995
TI  - [The future winners].

PMID- 3867996
TI  - [Canal obturation technics using condensation. 2: Various condensation technics
      using gutta-percha].

PMID- 3867997
TI  - [Neonatal alloimmune thrombopenia].
AB  - 88 families in which 84 cases of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAT)
      occurred, were studied. In 84 families, the NAT was the consequence of an
      incompatibility in the PLA system. Furthermore, the phenotype HLA-DR3 increases
      greatly the risk of immunisation (RR: 76,5). The importance of the risk of
      neurological sequellae was shown by the clinical study (about 25% of the
      surviving neonates). The occurrence of the accident at the first birth of a PLA1
      positive child in a sibship was frequent (59%). In addition, the NAT recurred at
      each birth of a PLA1 positive child with only five exceptions. All of them
      concern a female neonate and this might be meaningful. Therapeutical data are
      heterogeneous and difficult to interpret. However, it appears that the prevention
      of obstetrical traumatism by caesarean section and compatible platelet
      transfusions are useful. It is too early to evaluate the efficacy of prenatal
      transfusions of mother's washed platelets. However, in the two cases in which we
      use them, they gave a good and sustained platelet count increment. The prenatal
      diagnosis of NAT and the PLA grouping of the foetus has been proposed in three
      cases and are feasible at 20 weeks of pregnancy.

PMID- 3867998
TI  - [Glucocorticoid receptors and response to polychemotherapy in acute lymphatic
      leukemia].
AB  - Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels were quantified in leukemic blasts from
      peripheral blood of 86 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The subsequent
      achievement of complete remission after combination chemotherapy was correlated
      with high receptor levels. Forty-seven of 50 patients with leukemic cells
      containing more than 6,000 receptor sites and 22 of 36 patients with cells
      containing less than 6,000 receptor sites achieved remission. The study of
      glucocorticoid receptors in leukemic cells may predict response to combination
      chemotherapy in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 3867999
TI  - [Classification of benign tumors and cysts of the jaws].
AB  - On the basis of 324 cases of maxillary tumours, the authors review the
      classification of these neoplasms. The most frequent tumours are benign
      epithelial odontogenic tumours, which represent 55% of all tumours. The most
      common of these tumours is the ameloblastoma, followed by the odontomas. Most of
      the tumours of non-dental origin are benign (72% of this group). Amongst the
      malignant tumours, osteosarcomas are much more common than chondrosarcomas. The
      authors also discuss the various types of cyst and their respective relative
      frequency.

PMID- 3868000
TI  - [Angiomas of the jaws. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems (apropos 12 cases)].
AB  - Difficulties encountered during surgery on maxillary angiodysplasias were studied
      in relation to case-reports of patients treated in the stomatology and
      maxillofacial surgery unit directed by professor Vaillant, Hopital Salpetriere,
      Paris. Findings allowed certain conclusions to be drawn with respect to
      diagnostic and therapeutic features and to compare these with those reported in
      the international literature.

PMID- 3868001
TI  - [Non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the head and neck, stages I and II. Apropos 35 cases].
AB  - 35 cases of non-Hodgkin malignant lymphomas of head and neck, stages I and II.
      All were treated in Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital in Paris, by radiotherapy alone or
      combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy, with or without surgery. The authors
      discuss the prognostic and therapeutic aspects.

PMID- 3868002
TI  - [Diagnostic procedure in chronic cervicofacial adenopathies].
AB  - Results of clinical examination are fundamental for establishment of an etiologic
      diagnosis, but the additional data provided by paraclinical investigations are
      essential elements. Adenectomy should be performed when etiology is uncertain.

PMID- 3868003
TI  - [Basal-cell nevomatosis. A new case with involvement of the whole basis
      mandibulae].
AB  - A case is presented of a young woman with basal cell nevomatosis in whom a cystic
      localization had been unrecognized initially. Emphasis is placed on the need for
      computed tomography investigation of possible extension and to ensure absence of
      postoperative recurrence. Cutaneous nevi should be excised immediately after
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3868004
TI  - [Preoperative potentiation of immune defenses or postoperative antibiotic
      therapy?].
AB  - A clinical study was conducted during the postoperative period in adolescents to
      compare efficacy of two regimens by objective (temperature, edema) and subjective
      (pain) criteria. half had received preoperative immunotherapy and the other half
      conventional postoperative antibiotic treatment. Operations were germectomy of a
      wisdom tooth and maxillary osteotomy. Results were submitted to statistical
      analysis and data obtained from the objective and particularly subjective
      parameters studied led to the routine introduction of preoperative immunotherapy
      for these operations.

PMID- 3868005
TI  - [Maxillofacial reflection of choanal atresia. Apropos 11 cases].
AB  - The authors study the maxillofacial repercussions of choanal imperforation based
      upon 11 cases (8 unilateral and 3 bilateral). Skeletal abnormalities are defined
      using teleradiographic and tomographic techniques. The origin of these
      abnormalities is sought: malformations, deformities or sequelae of surgical
      treatment.

PMID- 3868006
TI  - [Bilateral sclerosis of the submaxillary glands secondary to orthodontic
      treatment].
AB  - A hitherto unreported complication of orthodontic treatment secondary to the
      insertion of an inferior lingual arch: bilateral sclerosis of submandibular
      glands.

PMID- 3868007
TI  - [Study of the pharyngomandibular region].
AB  - Expressions used up to the present time to designate the region situated between
      the vertical ramus of the mandible and the lateral wall of the pharynx
      (Pterygomaxillary region of Rouviere) are unsatisfactory. In describing the
      limits of this region and its contents, the authors justify the use of the
      expression "pharyngomandibular region" and divide the region into two levels, one
      upper, or rhinopharyngomandibular and one lower or oropharyngomandibular.

PMID- 3868008
TI  - [Reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint with a total intermediate
      prosthesis].
AB  - A method for reconstruction of temporomandibular joint is proposed using an
      intermediary prosthesis and non-sealed cupula. This prosthesis respects the
      cranial articular slope and provides twofold mobility at the cupular level, which
      approaches physiological conditions and allows reproduction of buccal opening and
      closing movements as well as lateralization. A strict surgical procedure is
      essential when inserting the prosthesis, particular care being necessary in the
      approach to the facial nerve and control of its temporofacial contingent until
      above the zygomatic arch. Indications for this procedure are discussed in
      relation to injuries and tumoral, degenerative and malformatory lesions.

PMID- 3868009
TI  - [Screening for cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract in a high-risk
      population].
AB  - From the data collected in the Cancer Registry of Calvados, a screening program
      for neoplastic lesions of the whole upper digestive and respiratory tract was
      performed in a canton where esophageal cancer incidence is very high. 137 men
      underwent this examination for mouth, pharyngo-larynx and esophagus. None
      neoplastic lesion was revealed but histologic and cytologic swabs showed some
      abnormalities that are now being studied.

PMID- 3868010
TI  - [Acute diffuse facial cellulitis].
AB  - This is a serious sudden-onset affection with general and local manifestations
      due to apparently simple dental or peridental lesions. Septic inoculation from
      skin wounds due to injury or operation is a rare occurrence in daily practice.
      This complication is now fairly uncommon and no longer has the previously
      inexorable prognosis that was observed regularly before the availability of
      modern means of treatment. The latter must be instituted rapidly however, and
      this is not always possible under certain circumstances. The different aspects of
      this section of stomatologic disorders are described in this article destined for
      pedagogic use.

PMID- 3868011
TI  - Immunoblotting demonstration of antibodies to the organic matrix of developing
      bovine enamel.
AB  - Antiserum was raised against an acetic acid extract of partly mineralized bovine
      enamel. By use of immunoblotting it was shown that rabbit antibodies react with
      both high and low molecular weight proteins. Most but not all of the enamel
      proteins isolated by different extraction solutions were antigenic identical. The
      blotting time was found to be important when immunoblotting of enamel proteins is
      carried out.

PMID- 3868012
TI  - Fluoride retention in clean and plaque-covered demineralized enamel in vivo after
      application of monofluorophosphate.
AB  - The retention of fluoride in clean and plaque-covered demineralized enamel in
      vivo was measured 1 wk after a single application of a MFP solution with low or
      high content of free fluoride. Demineralization of the enamel was induced in vivo
      during a 4-wk period prior to application of fluoride by applying orthodontic
      bands on a pair of premolars scheduled for extraction of orthodontic reasons. The
      band from one tooth of each pair was then removed and the tooth cleaned (clean
      enamel lesion). The band on the contralateral tooth (plaque-covered enamel
      lesion) was left in place. The MFP solutions were applied and the teeth extracted
      after one more week. The chemical form of fluorine in the lesions was analyzed by
      conventional acid etching of the enamel combined with KOH dissolution and by a
      nondestructive surface analysis using ESCA to detect intact monofluorophosphate
      ions. The ESCA measurements showed that MFP was only present in the clean enamel
      lesions, indicating complete hydrolysis by dental plaque. Alkali soluble fluoride
      could be extracted from both plaque-covered and clean enamel lesions. Conflicting
      results regarding the amount of fluoride uptake in the lesions were obtained with
      the acid etching and the ESCA technique. It was thus not clearly established
      whether plaque enhanced fluoride uptake in carious lesions after MFP application.

PMID- 3868013
TI  - Subpopulations of lymphocytes in connective tissue from phenytoin-induced
      gingival overgrowth.
AB  - The presence of mononuclear cells was studied in gingival biopsies from seven
      children exhibiting phenytoin(PHT)-induced gingival overgrowth, three children
      with gingivitis and a control group consisting of three children without clinical
      signs of inflammation. The mononuclear cells were detected using monoclonal
      antibodies defining functional T-lymphocyte subpopulations, B-lymphocytes and
      monocytes. Gingival biopsies from the individuals in the PHT-group showed a
      substantial number of mononuclear cells. The distribution of mononuclear cells in
      separate individuals were as follows: 69-95% OKT3 +/Leu4+ cells (T-lymphocytes),
      50-64% OKT4 +/Leu3+ cells (T-helper phenotype) and 29-46% OKT8+ cells (T
      suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype). None of the biopsies in the PHT-group contained
      more than a few scattered plasma cells. The vast majority of all mononuclear
      cells present in the biopsies reacted with OKIa1, a monoclonal antibody defining
      the HLA-DR framework. In contrast, biopsies from the control group and the
      gingivitis group contained few mononuclear cells, the majority of which were T
      cells. This suggests that immunologic reactions mediated by T-cells may play a
      role in the pathogenesis of the PHT-induced lesion.

PMID- 3868014
TI  - Changes in composition of whole saliva in patients with fissured tongue.
AB  - Both resting and paraffin-stimulated whole saliva were studied in 25 patients
      with fissured tongue and in their age and sex-matched healthy controls. The
      groups did not differ in dental or periodontal health. No significant differences
      were found between the groups in the salivary secretion rate, pH and buffer
      capacity, or in the frequency of lactobacilli and yeasts in saliva samples and
      scrapings from tongue surface. In patients with fissured tongue, unstimulated
      whole saliva displayed significantly elevated levels of sodium, lysozyme,
      myeloperoxidase and all immunoglobulins (isotypes A, G and M) when compared with
      the controls. These changes most likely reflect the inflammation frequently seen
      in the biopsies of fissured tongue. No differences between the groups existed in
      the amounts of salivary potassium, calcium, inorganic phosphate, amylase and
      total protein. Our study shows that in patients with fissured tongue the salivary
      secretion and composition are normal. However, components from plasma and
      inflammatory cells are diagnostically elevated in the whole saliva samples of
      patients with fissured tongue when compared with the healthy controls.

PMID- 3868015
TI  - Relationship between myoelectric activity in masticatory muscles and bite force.
AB  - Myoelectric activity in the anterior and posterior temporalis and in the masseter
      muscle was assessed in five subjects biting unilaterally on a bite fork at 50,
      100 and 200 N for 60 s. The bite fork was placed between the right first
      premolars and the first molars. The ipsilateral muscle activity was recorded
      first, and the contralateral side was evaluated 1 wk later. The relationship
      between exerted force and EMG-activity was expressed as ratios between EMG
      activity and related bite force. EMG-activity increased with increasing force for
      all muscles tested. Linearity was found for the anterior temporal muscle, but not
      for the other muscles. Four of the subjects participated in an endurance test,
      exerting maximum bite force on the right side for as long as possible. The EMG
      activity of the right masseter muscle was closely related to bite force, in
      contrast to the other tested muscles. The activity of the left muscles increased
      at the end of the endurance test.

PMID- 3868016
TI  - Comparative antibacterial effectiveness of seven hand antiseptics.
AB  - Seven hand antiseptics (alcohol-, iodophor- and chlorhexidine preparations) were
      compared for antibacterial effectiveness using finger-print contact sampling on
      blood agar in duplicate series with 18 students as test persons. Bacterial
      samples were obtained before and after handwashing (with unmedicated liquid soap)
      as well as after hand disinfection. Hibiscrub was tested without prewashing. The
      antiseptics were rubbed into the skin and the hands left uncontaminated for 2 min
      before sampling. Due to results showing unexpectedly low antibacterial
      effectiveness of 70% (v/v) ethanol, a series of supplementary experiments with
      ethanol (70% (v/v) and 80% (v/v] and isopropanol (60% (v/v] were performed with
      10 laboratory staff-members. These experiments confirmed the previously
      demonstrated weak antibacterial effect of 70% (v/v) ethanol on the normal hand
      flora. Alcoholic chlorhexidine solutions and Hibiscrub were the only preparations
      that gave significant, mean reductions (97.9-99.9% and 80.3-93.4%, respectively)
      in the number of colony forming units. According to the present study, these are
      the only test preparations that can be recommended for presurgical hand
      disinfection, and when hand disinfection is needed in general dental practice.

PMID- 3868017
TI  - Replica techniques for in vivo studies of tooth surfaces and prosthetic
      materials.
AB  - In order to obtain a replica technique suitable for a complete or segments of a
      dental arch two different impression materials were combined with two epoxy resin
      model materials. The models were examined and photographed in an optical
      microscope and a scanning electron microscope. No systematic differences were
      found between the used combinations of materials except a tendency towards
      greater contraction of one of the model materials. The A-silicone impression
      materials combined with one of the epoxy resin material seemed to be the easiest
      to handle and to give the best models.

PMID- 3868018
TI  - Electron probe microanalysis of radiopaque material in giant tubules in a human
      incisor.

PMID- 3868019
TI  - Studies of the mechanism of the increased biosynthesis of cholestanol in
      cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. The activity of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - It was recently proposed that the increased biosynthesis of cholestanol in
      cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is due to increased activity of the delta 5
      3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase involved in bile acid biosynthesis, causing
      increased conversion of cholesterol into cholestanol through 4-cholesten-3-one.
      Our attempts to confirm this hypothesis have failed. Liver biopsy specimens from
      two patients with CTX did not have any increased capacity to catalyze conversion
      of 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol into 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one. Further, we
      did not find any changes in the activity of liver microsomal delta 5-3 beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase after feeding rabbits with cholestanol or
      cholesterol. The findings are discussed in relation to our hypothesis that the
      accelerated biosynthesis of cholestanol in CTX is due to an increased conversion
      of early bile acid intermediates into cholestanol.

PMID- 3868020
TI  - Oncogenes.
AB  - The central problem in cancer therapy is the poor selectivity of current systemic
      agents against the common solid tumours. The demonstration that unique segments
      of DNA, constant in location and conserved in evolution are involved in growth
      control opens new avenues for basic and clinical research. The functions of the
      products of these genes need to be elucidated. Examples of growth control
      functions include homology to growth factors, surface receptors, protein kinases
      and cell cycle control proteins. From DNA sequence data peptides predicted to be
      exposed within intact molecules can be constructed and used to produce monoclonal
      antibodies to oncogene products. Such antibodies have now been successfully used
      to demonstrate the intracellular localisation of gene products as well as the
      cell cycle regulatory role of the c-myc protein. By having a battery of
      antibodies against the different gene products their direct clinical application
      for diagnosis and prognosis has become a reality. Immunohistology and flow
      cytometry permit the geographical and quantitative analysis of function in normal
      and neoplastic tissues. Furthermore, by purification and biochemical analysis the
      molecular basis for their action can be elucidated. It is likely that by the end
      of the decade new drugs that inhibit oncoprotein function will be available for
      clinical trial.

PMID- 3868021
TI  - Experimental and clinical intestinal transplantation.
AB  - Before 1972 several attempts were made to perform small intestinal
      transplantation in man for the treatment of diseases leading to major losses of
      the small intestine. No patient had survived for more than 76 days despite
      intensive conventional immunosuppressants. Small intestinal allotransplantation
      has been investigated, experimentally, since 1959. Lillehei initially reported
      the results of allotransplantation of various lengths of small intestine in the
      canine model. Surgical techniques for successful allogeneic small intestinal
      transplantation as well as the methods for graft preservation, were clarified.
      Autotransplants of the total small bowel in dogs survived indefinitely. However,
      in dogs receiving total small intestinal allotransplants the mean survival period
      was 8-15 days. Both rejection and graft-versus-host disease have been implicated
      in the short survival of experimental animals. With the advent of cyclosporine
      and its known action against both rejection and graft-versus-host disease, we
      studied the results of parenteral cyclosporine on the survival of dogs following
      total small intestinal allotransplantation. Cyclosporine greatly prolongs
      survival to a mean of 103 days, following transplantation of the small bowel,
      compared to only 12 days in dogs not receiving any immunosuppressive agent. Two
      of the treated dogs lived for longer than 200 days and one dog lived for more
      than 400 days. Following this, we have developed a method of histological
      monitoring of the allograft by making two exterior isolated pouches of the
      allograft, representing the histological events leading to rejection of the in
      continuity bowel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3868022
TI  - Acyclovir in chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
AB  - In view of the enormous public health concern about chronic hepatitis B, the lack
      of available therapies and because no good in vitro or in vivo screening tests
      exist new antiviral agents have been tried empirically in this disease. Several
      agents, including acyclovir, have now been studied with some apparent success
      though none have yet been subjected to adequately controlled trials. Acyclovir
      has the advantage of being better tolerated but to date has been limited by
      having to be given intravenously. New prodrugs of acyclovir may facilitate its
      oral administration but the ultimate role of these in the management of chronic
      hepatitis B, either as single or combined therapy, remains to be determined.

PMID- 3868023
TI  - Possible association of herpes simplex virus infection with demyelinating
      disease.
AB  - Administration of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in sublethal doses to experimental
      animals may cause a relapsing demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS)
      but will leave the peripheral myelin unimpaired. Demyelination will be followed
      by remyelination by oligodendroglial cells or by invading Schwann cells.
      Relapsing episodes of CNS demyelination seen in HSV latently infected animals may
      be caused either by reactivation of HSV residing in the CNS itself or virus
      transported to the CNS after reactivation of a latent infection in peripheral
      sensory or autonomic ganglia. Although HSV is not the only virus known to induce
      a demyelination in the CNS of experimental animals, the similarities of this HSV
      induced demyelination and multiple sclerosis (MS) are intriguing, albeit an
      association of HSV reactivation and MS has not as yet been reported. However,
      circumstantial evidence for HSV induction of restricted CNS demyelination in man
      has recently been obtained: Several laboratories have reported on association of
      HSV with acute idiopathic facial palsy (Bell's palsy). If HSV be the cause of
      this palsy, the site of a lesion giving the nerve dysfunction should be located
      in the brain stem of the CNS rather than in the extrapontine part of the facial
      nerve. Indeed, most of Bell's palsy patients studied had signs of a brain stem
      disorder revealed by either one or more of the following tests: auditory brain
      stem response test, trigeminal evoked potential test or extensive clinical
      neurological examination. Furthermore, 35% of patients with Bell's palsy had
      increased concentrations of myelin basic protein in the cerebrospinal fluid
      collected in the acute stage of the disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3868024
TI  - The clinical pharmacology of acyclovir and its prodrugs.
AB  - Acyclovir (Zovirax) is a highly specific antiherpes virus agent. Extensive
      investigations of the pharmacokinetics in man have shown it to have a useful half
      life of about three hours and to be largely excreted unchanged in the urine.
      Crystaluria can be avoided provided the patient is well hydrated and attention is
      paid to the dosing instructions especially in patients with renal failure. In
      vitro ED50s (the drug concentration inhibiting virus replication by 50%) bear
      some general relevance to effective plasma levels in man. A new prodrug of
      acyclovir, 2-amino-9-[2-hydroxyethoxy methyl]-9H-purine (A515U), which is
      converted to acyclovir by xanthine oxidase is rapidly absorbed from the human gut
      and converted to acyclovir. This prodrug provides the opportunity to design
      regimes that are more convenient for the patient and may be more effective than
      acyclovir itself in the therapy of the less sensitive herpes viruses (e.g.
      Epstein-Barr virus and the Cytomegalovirus).

PMID- 3868025
TI  - Toxicology of acyclovir.
AB  - A short review on available toxicological data of acyclovir is given. In
      principle, a substance which interferes with the nucleic acid metabolism should
      be judged with special care for carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Although
      the substance is mainly incorporated into the viral genome, very high doses have
      also shown genotoxic effects in mammalian cell systems. However, since such
      effects are found only in doses where also naturally occurring nucleosides show
      the same effect, this manifestation does not appear to represent a potential
      hazard. In general, acyclovir seems to have a low toxic potential. Data from
      available investigations do not give support for a mutagen, teratogen or
      carcinogen hazard in patients receiving recommended clinical doses. An awareness
      of a potential risk for the fetus, especially with infusion treatment should
      nonetheless be kept in mind. The possibility of kidney damage with accumulation
      of the drug should also be taken into account. Such damage seems to have less
      importance with p.o. administration, and has little or no importance with the
      proposed use of eye ointment.

PMID- 3868026
TI  - Suppression of recurrent genital herpes with oral acyclovir.
AB  - Peroral acyclovir has been used as long-term prophylactic treatment for frequent
      recurrences of genital herpes in four clinical studies comprising 172 patients.
      At a daily dose of 600 to 1 000 mg it seems to be effective in preventing
      recurrences in a majority of patients. The treatment does not prevent recurrences
      after the medication is stopped. The treatment seems to be safe for periods up to
      4 months. At present it should be used only in carefully selected cases with
      seriously debilitating symptoms to prevent recurrences during a short period.

PMID- 3868027
TI  - Therapeutic challenges of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection.
AB  - The development of antiviral therapy for neonatal herpes simplex virus infection
      has lead to a significant decrease in mortality and improved morbidity.
      Vidarabine administered at dosages of either 15 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg for ten days
      leads to 60% overall survival in babies with either central nervous system, CNS,
      or disseminated disease (n = 59). Babies with CNS disease had a survival rate of
      88% compared to those with disseminated disease where survival was only 35%. The
      introduction of acyclovir into clinical trials has provided the opportunity to
      further study this disease using a drug with a higher in vitro therapeutic index.
      While efficacy analyses have not been performed for this ongoing, comparative
      study, 90% of babies with CNS infection (n = 45) survive as do 65% with
      disseminated infection (n = 29). Babies with skin, eye, and mouth involvement do
      well regardless of therapeutic modality. Factors influencing improved treatment
      are discussed.

PMID- 3868028
TI  - Comparison of C-terminal and N-terminal PTH in secondary hyperparathyroidism in
      renal failure.
AB  - In 89 patients with disorders in calcium regulation either C-terminal or N
      terminal PTH or both, were elevated. In haemodialysis patients the results of C
      terminal and N-terminal PTH measurements showed the same trend in 10 patients; in
      30 patients only C-terminal and in four patients only N-terminal PTH was
      elevated. In patients with renal failure, creatinine clearance less than 30
      ml/min, both C-terminal and N-terminal PTH were elevated in five patients, C
      terminal PTH in 12 patients and N-terminal PTH in none of the patients studied.
      Fourteen patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were studied; in ten both C
      terminal and N-terminal PTH were elevated, in two only C-terminal PTH and in
      another two only N-terminal PTH was elevated. The results show that there seems
      to be a better clinical correlation for hyperparathyroidism, in haemodialysis
      patients and patients with renal failure, using N-terminal PTH determinations
      rather than C-terminal PTH determinations, because in haemodialysis patients and
      patients with renal failure split products of the C-terminal region of PTH give
      unrealistically high PTH results.

PMID- 3868030
TI  - Swedish Association of Urology. Proceedings of the meetings 1984. Umea, June 4-6,
      1984, and Stockholm, November 29-30, 1984. Abstracts.

PMID- 3868029
TI  - On the effects of oestrogen in the male. Some effects of different oestrogenic
      substances in rats and men with prostatic carcinoma.
AB  - In vitro incubations of human testicular tissue responded to human chorionic
      gonadotrophin with testosterone release in a dose-dependent manner. The release
      of testosterone increased with incubation time. The stimulated release of
      testosterone was inhibited by oestradiol and ethinyl oestradiol in a dose
      dependent manner, suggesting that these oestrogens exert direct inhibitory
      effects on the human Leydig cells. Estramustine phosphate, estromustine,
      diethylstilboestrol and diethylstilboestrol diphosphate did not inhibit
      testosterone release. Hypophysectomized rats were treated for 8-9 days with human
      chorionic gonadotrophin, which maintained testicular blood flow within the
      physiological range. Some of the animals received additional treatment with
      oestradiol or estromustine. Oestradiol and estromustine depressed plasma
      testosterone concentration. In contrast to estromustine, oestradiol inhibited
      testicular blood flow, as measured by the microsphere technique. Intact rats were
      castrated, supplemented with testosterone and concomitantly treated with
      different oestrogenic substances. Testosterone supplementation induced increase
      of prostatic blood flow, which was inhibited by oestradiol, ethinyl oestradiol or
      diethylstilboestrol. Estramustine and estromustine had no effect on prostatic
      blood flow. The growth of a transplantable rat prostatic carcinoma (Dunning
      R3327H) was studied after castration, testosterone substitution or testosterone
      substitution in combination with oestradiol treatment. Oestradiol inhibited
      tumour growth, possibly by direct action. The blood flow in tumours in intact
      animals decreased with increasing tumour volume. Oestradiol treatment enhanced
      tumour blood flow. The oestrogenic effects of estramustine phosphate, ethinyl
      oestradiol/polyoestradiol phosphate or orchiectomy were studied in previously
      untreated prostatic carcinoma patients by measuring serum levels of liver
      proteins (pregnancy zone protein and sex hormone binding globulin) and pituitary
      hormones (luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and prolactin) during
      a 6 month period. Both medical treatments induced marked but quite comparable
      changes of the proteins. Apart from the increase of follicle stimulating and
      luteinizing hormones, no changes were observed in these serum proteins after
      orchiectomy.

PMID- 3868031
TI  - Proceedings of the 15th congress of the Scandinavian Association of Urology.
      Aalborg, Denmark, 25-28. September 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 3868032
TI  - Restoration of function: an integrated rehabilitation approach. 9th International
      Congress of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Jerusalem, Israel, May 1984.

PMID- 3868033
TI  - Survivors of severe traumatic brain injury in childhood. II. Late residual
      disability.
AB  - 36 survivors of very severe traumatic childhood brain injury have been followed
      for a median period of 48 months after injury. One remains in a vegetative state
      and 35 have been discharged. 34 regained ambulation, and motor function became
      essentially normal in 14 of them. Ataxia and movement disorders were as common
      among the residua as was spasticity. Only one child remained aphasic, but 14
      showed dysarthria. Six of the 36 showed major dementia and most of the rest
      showed very significant new impairment of cognitive and social function. This
      impairment was greater than expected from changes in the I.Q. Motor and speech
      function showed prolonged recovery while learning ability and social function did
      not. The overall degree of recovery seems not much better in these children than
      in adults.

PMID- 3868034
TI  - Energy expenditure and cardiac response in above-knee amputees while using
      prostheses with open and locked knee mechanisms.
AB  - The difference in physiological responses to ambulation effort, of above-knee
      (AK) amputees, using a prosthesis with open or locked knee mechanism was
      investigated at the Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Department of the Loewenstein
      Hospital. Of seventeen patients who were examined, fourteen were vascular
      patients over the age of fifty, and three were young traumatic amputees. Subjects
      performed an unrestrained walking test, using their prosthesis with an open-knee,
      and then with a locked knee joint mechanism. Heart rate and walking speed were
      measured, while oxygen consumption was evaluated only in the young patients.
      Results show that the use of a locked-knee joint resulted in a lower increase in
      heart rate in both groups. Comfortable walking velocity, as chosen by the subject
      himself, was higher with a locked-knee joint in the aged group and with an open
      knee joint in the younger amputees. Oxygen consumption as measured for the
      younger patients was higher with an open-knee joint. In conclusion, a locked knee
      is recommended for the older amputees as it enables a higher walking velocity and
      lower effort. The preference of an open-knee in the young amputees is due to
      their better physical condition which enables a higher walking speed although
      energy expenditure and heart rate are higher.

PMID- 3868035
TI  - In vivo biomechanical evaluation of nail-plate fixation of femoral neck fractures
      of rehabilitated patients.
AB  - A major advantage of internal fixation of intertrochanteric fractures is that it
      can normally be followed by early and fast rehabilitation of the patient, finding
      expression in weight bearing and locomotion abilities of the patients.
      Complications which nevertheless occur, are mostly of mechanical origin. The
      purpose of our study was to evaluate the biomechanical performance of
      rehabilitated patients treated with four different types of nail-plates. Forty
      nine patients (12 men and 37 women) with walking ability, and with an average age
      of 70.5 years, were tested on a 10 m walkway, instrumented for the monitoring of
      the time distance parameters of the stride. This method of evaluation is
      especially suitable for pathological gait, free or supported, as it does not
      impose any constraints on the natural and individual walking trend of the
      patient. The average time elapsed between the actual fracture and the locomotor
      test was 764 days, implying that the investigated patients formed a homogeneous,
      well-rehabilitated group. The main average stride results were as follows:
      contact time 1.25 sec, double contact time 0.41 sec, stride length 68.2 cm,
      velocity 51.39 cm/sec and symmetry 0.51. No significant differences were found in
      these parameters between the subgroups of patients using different nail-plates.
      These results show that while the biomechanical performance of the patients with
      their implants was satisfactory (good walking symmetry) this group can be
      characterized by its smaller stride and slower gait, compared to those of a
      healthy population of the same age.

PMID- 3868036
TI  - Biomechanical evaluation of an adjustable patellar tendon bearing prosthesis.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between geometry of the
      patellar tendon (PT) insertion in the socket and the dynamic load transmitted
      through the PT, in a patellar tendon bearing (PTB) prosthesis. The dynamic load
      was measured by a specially constructed two-component load cell, which was
      mounted on the experimental prosthesis. Geometry of the PT insertion relative to
      the socket was altered by adjusting the location of the mounting frame-load cell
      assembly. Evaluation of performance of the prosthesis in the range of geometries
      investigated was made objectively by gait analysis of the patients. The latter
      was performed on a 10 m walkpath, including at halfway two forceplates, from
      which the foot-ground forces were recorded. Simultaneously, the PT forces on the
      prosthesis, as sensed by the load cell were monitored. Computer processing of the
      data included full analysis of the force-trace and the determination of criteria
      for optimization of the PT insertion. The resulting criteria were those which
      expressed minimization of abnormalities in the foot-ground forces of each
      patient, such as vertical and braking forces and their timings. The complete
      optimization procedure, which was undertaken for two below-knee male amputees,
      indicated the correct positioning of the PT insertion, actually taken in the
      final fitting procedure of the socket of the prosthesis.

PMID- 3868037
TI  - Temporal changes in electrophysiological, clinical and radiological parameters in
      the hemiplegic's shoulder.
AB  - The relationship between electrophysiological, clinical and radiological
      parameters in the shoulder of hemiplegic patients was examined in a group of 24
      subjects. Measurements and observations were made about the fourth month after
      CVA and again some eight months later. Total follow-up period extended to a
      maximum of 28 months. Electrophysiological tests included concentric needle EMG
      and conduction tests. In the shoulder X-ray four stages were described: normal, V
      shaped space, initial subluxation and advanced subluxation. The presence of pain,
      reflex sympathetic dystrophy, atrophy and return of movement were registered. The
      most striking findings, consistent with lower motor neuron lesion, were those of
      parallel changes in axillary nerve latencies (obtained through stimulation from
      Erb's point) and shoulder X-ray stage. Age and time lapse between examinations
      turned out to be significantly related to such changes: younger patients did
      better and changes were registered even after one year from the first
      examination. An anatomical explanation linking the axillary nerve with humeral
      head disposition on the hemiplegic side is offered.

PMID- 3868038
TI  - Prediction of functional outcome in hemiplegic patients.
AB  - A follow-up study of 40 hemiplegic patients two years after discharge from
      hospital was aimed at (a) identifying variables capable of predicting general
      functional ability in everyday life (work, home, family and social life) and (b)
      examining the relationship between levels of functioning and subjective
      evaluation of their rehabilitation state. The results showed that a composite
      measure of functioning ability was closely related to self-reports of
      satisfaction in significant areas of life: physical well-being, emotional
      security, satisfaction of family and social needs and vocational self
      actualization. The best objective predictor of overall domestic and outdoor
      functioning was the primary ADL (eating, dressing, bathing, etc.). Other
      significant variables were ambulation (walking freely for 300 meters), sustaining
      mental load and emotional acceptance of disability. Predisposing and concurrent
      diseases (such as congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and
      others) were not found to be of predictive value. The findings thus obtained
      could provide the physician with a good prognostic tool to evaluate the
      rehabilitation outcome of hemiplegic patients. They also suggested that
      intervention aimed at emotional acceptance of disability could facilitate the
      rehabilitation process.

PMID- 3868039
TI  - The "key-form" system for data collection in disability evaluation.
AB  - A new system for comprehensive disability evaluation has been developed in the
      framework of our Hospital. This system is based on multidisciplinary evaluation
      during one day of tests and the summarization of the data collected. The process
      takes place at the Institute for Functional Evaluation, a joint project of the
      National Insurance Institute and the Loewenstein Hospital in Israel. The process
      was designed to provide the basis for the determination of the degree of
      disability according to the requirements of the General Disability Law. In order
      to carry out the experimental program a computerized system of recording was
      created. The method of recording is based upon the "Key-form" where the different
      systems of the body appear one after the other and next to them the term "normal"
      or "abnormal". In the case of an abnormal mark, the tester goes on to the next
      stage which involves completion of a detailed form for that system. The forms are
      coded for the transfer of information to the computer without intermediary stages
      and this enables processing of a vast amount of data with relative ease. The
      system enables compilation of individual profiles and statistical tables and
      analysis. Theoretical and practical applications of the system are discussed on
      the basis of the pilot study.

PMID- 3868040
TI  - Criteria for referral of CVA patients for rehabilitation.
AB  - A multi-stage follow-up project is in progress at the Loewenstein Rehabilitation
      Hospital. In the first stage, a group of 153 patients was examined while in the
      acute phase of CVA (1 to 5 days from stroke), and again 6 months later, by a
      physician, a physiotherapist and an occupational therapist. Medical,
      demographical and functional profiles were determined. The most severe cases were
      admitted for rehabilitation and those with apparently good functioning ability
      were discharged to their homes. Six months later, the group referred for
      rehabilitation remained at a very low functional level (35% of them were still at
      the rehabilitation hospital); on the other hand, those sent home were lacking in
      general function (37%), in spite of their good ADL and hand performance. Most
      strikingly, 72% were not engaged in any meaningful activity. Age proved to be a
      strongly limiting factor. A more selective criterion for referral is required,
      while allowing patients with medium-grade cognitive and locomotor disturbances
      the chance of admission to rehabilitation.

PMID- 3868041
TI  - Divided attention in brain-injured patients.
AB  - Clinical observations have shown that brain-injured patients perform poorly in
      tasks requiring attention. While selective and sustained attention has been
      extensively investigated, there is little systematic information on how brain
      injured patients perform on divided attention tasks requiring simultaneous
      handling of and responding to two sources of information. This study was designed
      to analyse the behavior of hospitalized brain-injured patients as compared with
      matched normal controls in performing a dual task consisting of pursuit motor
      tracking coupled with delayed digit recall (DDR). Four two-minute trials were
      given. Time on target (TOT) and number of recall errors were recorded. It was
      assumed that the brain-injured group would (a) have lower TOT and more recall
      errors; and (b) show less learning effect. Results confirmed both expectations:
      (1) for the brain-injured group, TOT was lower and did not improve across trials;
      moreover, the number of recall errors was higher, increasing across trials; (2)
      for the control group, the number of recall errors was negligible across trials
      and TOT improved with time; (3) the normal trade-off between two simultaneous
      difficult tasks was not observed in the brain-injured group as they failed in
      both tasks; (4) the number of recall errors of the brain-injured subjects
      markedly increased towards the end of each trial, suggesting rapidly increasing
      fatigue. Thus, brain-injured patients appeared limited not only in their
      attention capacity but also in the variety of strategies they employ in
      processing information.

PMID- 3868042
TI  - Attention capacity limitation, psychiatric parameters and their impact on work
      involvement following brain injury.
AB  - A follow-up study conducted among brain-injured patients explored the correlation
      between attention capacity limitation and psychiatric parameters as well as their
      impact on work involvement, two years after hospitalization. Capacity limitation
      was identified as difficulties in dual-task performance which requires
      simultaneous attention and response to two sources of stimulation. Poor
      performance on one or both tasks included in the dual-task paradigm (pursuit
      motor tracking task and a verbal task) was correlated with psychiatric parameters
      of behavior, personality and thought. This also correlated with the inability
      reported by the patients to concentrate for long periods of time and to the
      feeling of fatigue after physical and mental effort. In addition, it was found
      that dual-task performance correlated with work involvement. It was concluded
      that there is a reciprocal relationship between the variables studied. Attention
      capacity limitations are manifested in various psychiatric parameters;
      conversely, some psychiatric parameters affect the performance on the dual-task.
      This highlights the difficulty such patients have in coping with work demands and
      their consequent inability to maintain steady employment.

PMID- 3868043
TI  - Neuropsychological outcome during late stage of recovery from brain injury: a
      proposal.
AB  - The neuropsychological outcome of Cranio-Cerebral Injury changes with time. This
      change may be best regarded as a specific effect/general effects ratio which
      lowers over time. The specific effects refer to disorders of information,
      recognition and symbolization. The present paper describes the general effects of
      brain injury. We will describe the lowered capacity of the cognitive system,
      which results in disorders of different aspects of concept formation and
      utilization (i.e. disorders of information processing).

PMID- 3868044
TI  - The Rey-Osterrieth Complex as a diagnostic measure of neuropsychological outcome
      of brain injury.
AB  - The Rey-Osterrieth Complex was devised to investigate perceptual organization and
      visual memory in brain-damaged patients. Osterrieth analyzed the patient's method
      of procedure as well as his specific copying errors, but the test is most
      commonly regarded as a measure of visual memory. In our work with traumatically
      brain-injured patients we found the Rey-Osterrieth Complex useful as a high load
      examiner of disorders of cognitive process. In our application of the test the
      drawing quality in the copy session is seen as being related to the kind of
      disorder, while the neuropsychological deficit is emphasized by the drawing
      quality in the memory session. The present paper is concerned with different
      thinking disorders as they are expressed in both the copy and memory parts of the
      Rey-Osterrieth Complex.

PMID- 3868045
TI  - Behavioral disturbances as an expression of severity of cerebral damage.
AB  - The present study was designed to validate our ongoing clinical observations,
      which reveal that distinct clusters of psychiatric symptoms tend to develop
      following mild or severe brain injury, independently of injury location. These
      clusters are termed "Extroversion" and "Introversion" syndromes respectively. The
      symptoms constituting each syndrome manifest themselves along four domains:
      behavior, personality, affect and cognition. The study sample included 85 brain
      injured patients recalled for a follow-up examination 2-3 years after discharge
      from hospital. Classification into Extroversion and Introversion was done on the
      basis of a structured psychiatric interview. Severity of brain damage was
      independently assessed by combinations of five parameters: unconsciousness and
      PTA duration, cognitive deficiencies, communication and locomotor disorders. The
      results supported our clinical observations, suggesting that severity of brain
      damage could also be assessed by the nature of psychiatric symptomatology
      exhibited following the injury.

PMID- 3868046
TI  - The quality of the psychotherapeutic process in brain-injured patients.
AB  - This paper reviews the various mental processes which occur in patients with
      organic brain damage and the changes to which these patients are subjected. At
      the early stages directly following injury, it is necessary to restructure the
      personality and help it emerge from the chaotic state characterizing this phase.
      Later treatment concentrates on giving meaning to the different object
      relationships and the dialectic between self-representation and object
      representation. Special stress is put on the therapist's role as a receptacle for
      the aggressive contents which the patient transfers to him and on the necessity,
      on he therapist's part, to master his own counter-transference reactions and to
      present an identification model permitting the restoration of the patient's inner
      world. The psychotherapeutic model is based on the already existing models in
      other area of mental pathology, which have been developed in recent years, in
      particular in the theory of narcissism and object relations.

PMID- 3868047
TI  - On the use of dreams as a means of diagnosis of brain-injured patients.
AB  - In our psychotherapeutic work with brain injured patients it has become apparent
      that there exists a divergence between the two modes of expression with which the
      patient reflects his inner truth. In contrast to the patient's conscious self
      perception, which is usually distorted by his cognitive deficits and by his
      defense mechanisms, the dream--the unconscious, uncovers another reality. The
      present paper cites a repeated pattern of initial dreams and an attempt is made
      to understand its diagnostic and prognostic meaning.

PMID- 3868048
TI  - The use of dreams as a psychotherapeutic technique with brain injured patients.
AB  - Reports of dreams elicited from brain-injured patients at the Loewenstein
      Rehabilitation Hospital in Israel were incorporated into the psychotherapeutic
      process. Our experience indicated that: It is possible to increase and enrich
      dream activity in quantity and in substance in the course of the treatment; This
      approach can affect all of the components of the personality which have been in
      regression after injury; Dream analysis does not require complex cognitive
      abilities and surmounts the special difficulty these patients have in using
      language and abstract concepts; It is possible to bring to the surface inner and
      subconscious contents residing in the patient that were ignored before; and The
      residual content of the premorbid personality is also expressed, thus
      facilitating the patient's inner contact between his former identity and his new
      one. This permits a renewed consolidation of the personality while making use of
      the psychic forces and parts which remained intact.

PMID- 3868049
TI  - The mourning process with brain injured patients.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to point out the specific aspects of the mourning
      process in cases of brain injury and to compare them to the mourning process in
      other kinds of pathology. The difficulty of this process in brain injured
      patients is related to the fact that the patient has to mourn over parts of his
      personality which have been lost, or have been changed and therefore are
      frequently difficult to be grasped by him. This unusual mourning process in its
      first stage is characterized by massive use of denial and isolation as defense
      mechanisms. In later stage, we are confronted with depressive reactions and
      witness introjective defense mechanisms which enable the patient to change his
      attitude toward himself and the surrounding world and to restore a kind of new
      life based on the residual parts of his previous personality.

PMID- 3868050
TI  - Day Center experience in rehabilitation of craniocerebral injured patients.
AB  - The Day Center for head-injured patients specialises in treating patients at
      later stages following brain trauma. The goal of therapy is social reintegration
      as measured by the quality of family and social life and by actual occupational
      status. At this later stage, a year or more since injury, the cognitive and
      behavioral aspects of brain damage determine the outcome of rehabilitation. The
      therapy aims at preserving as well as improving patients' overall performance
      including family life and therefore their families are treated as well. As the
      patients are not hospitalised at this stage, the asset of this model is that it
      constitutes an arresting factor in preventing regressive attitudes acquired
      during hospitalisation which is a sheltered framework. The Day Center System
      encourages the patients to cope "in vivo" with reality, while the therapy given
      strives at providing them with the instruments needed for coping in actual life
      situations. We present here our experience in 38 patients admitted consecutively
      during the course of a year. The results show that the therapeutic milieu was of
      great help in preserving as well as improvement patients' performance;
      furthermore, it is evident that some improvement was achieved even after several
      years post trauma.

PMID- 3868051
TI  - Survivors of severe traumatic brain injury in childhood. I. Incidence, background
      and hospital course.
AB  - Survivors of severe craniocerebral injury in childhood require prolonged
      rehabilitation care. We have surveyed the incidence, social characteristics and
      early hospital course of such patients in Israel. Yearly incidence was 1:100,000.
      Thirty-six patients were surveyed. Thirteen of these patients (36%) were
      described as suffering from cognitive deficits prior to injury and in 11 families
      (30%), the parent pair showed disturbed function before the injury. Thirty-three
      of the patients (92%) were victims of road accidents, the child being a
      pedestrian in 70% of these. Duration of coma was over 1 week in all the children
      but one, and only a minority of the children underwent neurosurgical
      interventions. The data on premorbid disturbed function are highly suggestive but
      not conclusive in the absence of a relevant control group. However, the findings
      are in accord with findings in adult craniocerebral injured patients in whom
      recognizable social factors seem clearly associated with craniocerebral injury.

PMID- 3868052
TI  - Age and aphasic syndromes.
AB  - 275 patients with CVA and 62 with CCI were examined within one month of the event
      and again, after 4-6 months. Previous reports have indicated that the average age
      of patients with Wernicke's aphasia is significantly higher than that of Broca's
      aphasia. Our findings after the second examination, support these reports. First
      month examinations, however, showed only a weak trend, lacking statistical
      significance. Our findings did not show more fluent aphasia in older patients
      than in younger ones. There is minimal literature on the positive relationship
      between age and auditory comprehension in aphasia. We found this to be the most
      highly correlated relationship. Our studies emphasize the importance of changes
      during the early post-event period in comparing aphasic syndromes in older versus
      younger patients, since there is a clear shift in the age/syndrome relationship
      in that period. Age differences in such changes can affect prognosis for
      rehabilitation.

PMID- 3868053
TI  - Sex and aphasic syndromes.
AB  - Sex differences in the incidence of aphasia and its types has been the subject of
      interest in recent literature. We studied the records of 275 patients with C.V.A.
      and 62 with C.C.I., serially admitted to the Loewenstein Rehabilitation Hospital
      between 1965 and 1980. Aphasia Test results were recorded within one month of
      onset and again 3-5 months later. No significant sex differences were found in
      the incidence of aphasia or in aphasia syndromes in C.V.A. patients, but males
      far outnumbered female patients with C.C.I. The average ages of males and females
      in our aphasia population and among the syndrome types were not significantly
      different. We found that severity of disabilities, as measured by auditory
      comprehension, failed to show significant sex differences, although males tended
      to have more severe types of aphasia with poorer prognosis for recovery. Patterns
      of improvement to less severe types of aphasia were not statistically significant
      in males and females.

PMID- 3868055
TI  - The transition stages between the main aphasic syndromes.
AB  - One of the basic features of most aphasic patients is their clinical dynamics,
      i.e. the continuous change in language function. The functional Dynamic Approach
      on which our rehabilitation program is based, can be expressed as a model of
      dynamic movement in which a patient's progress from one syndrome to another can
      be documented quantitatively. In this study we have concentrated on the initial
      emergence of patients out of the major syndrome categories. Our language test
      "I.L.A.T." provides for the evaluation of changes in the four language functions.
      Relative changes are charted by establishing a theoretical maximum performance to
      be expected in an aphasic population and noting improvements from the initial
      condition towards that point. Quantification of the proposed transitional stages
      are currently being developed to document our clinical insights.

PMID- 3868054
TI  - Type of aphasia: relationship to age, sex, previous risk factors, and outcome of
      rehabilitation.
AB  - Relationship of types of aphasia in hemiplegics to survival, outcome of
      rehabilitation, activities of daily living (ADL) and pre-existing risk factors,
      hypertension (HT), ischemic heart disease (IHD), diabetes mellitus (DM) were
      studied in a group of 257 patients. The control group was a large population of
      CVA cases previously documented. Four main categories were considered: expressive
      receptive (global), predominantly expressive (Broca), predominantly receptive
      (Wernicke) and predominantly amnestic (anomia) aphasias. 40% of each category
      were female. No clear pattern emerged concerning relationship with risk factors;
      however, hypertension, the factor most frequently encountered, was significantly
      less prevalent among expressive ahphasics, and diabetes mellitus was rare among
      those with the receptive pattern. For all categories, the most frequent etiology
      was thrombosis, the second being embolia. The oldest groups were the expressive
      receptive and the predominantly receptive aphasia groups: showed the poorest
      rehabilitation outcome in both ADL and locomotion, and lived less time after
      stroke (5.8 years). Amnestic and expressive patients were younger and fared
      better in all other parameters; an etiology of embolia was much more frequent
      among the former. It can be said that patients with the expressive-receptive kind
      of aphasia have the worst survival and rehabilitation prognoses.

PMID- 3868056
TI  - The Word Retrieval Fluency Test: what does it assess?
AB  - The term fluency in aphasia is ambiguous. It can relate to the rate of speech-
      normal vs. laborious or the ability to retrieve words. In this report, to avoid
      confusion we refer to fluency in a word retrieval task. Different authors have
      ascribed defective performance on these tasks to Frontal Lobe Syndrome or
      Aphasia. Our patient material adds dementia as a causative condition. To
      determine whether subnormal test performance is due to generalized brain
      dysfunction or only to left hemisphere disorders, we tested left hemisphere
      damaged patients, without aphasia as well as right hemisphere damaged patients,
      obtaining non-significant differences between the two groups. This supports our
      experience that such a test is highly sensitive to generalized brain dysfunction
      i.e. to a variety of cerebral disorders and therefore seems not to be highly
      pathognomonic of aphasia.

PMID- 3868057
TI  - The phonemic analysis as a treatment method in dysgraphic aphasic patients.
AB  - Two theories have been advanced to explain the underlying process of writing
      acquisition. The first sees a global registration of whole words in a pictorial
      (graphic) form; the second is based on an analysis synthesis process of each word
      into its sound (phonemes), and the translation of each phoneme into its graphic
      form (grapheme). This paper, derived from the latter theoretical construct,
      attempts to show that phonemic analysis-synthesis is also an efficient approach
      in the rehabilitation of dysgraphic aphasics. 51 patients at the Loewenstein
      Rehabilitation Center--31 post C.V.A. and 20 post C.C.I. were taught to write
      using this method, and their improvement was tested and analysed within 6 months
      after the event. It is shown that they all improved significantly, although the
      various syndrome sub-groups behaved differently. The implications of these
      differences and the total results are discussed.

PMID- 3868058
TI  - Auditory perception in patients with CVA without aphasia.
AB  - Tests of central auditory function were performed variously on 64 patients with
      hemiplegia who had suffered a single stroke but with minimal or no aphasia
      symptoms and with essentially normal hearing. Both right and left hemisphere
      lesions were represented for comparison of effects on the tests. Reports of
      central auditory dysfunction generally assume localization in the temporal lobes.
      Since it was apparent that our tests were revealing positive findings in patients
      in whom there was no recognized evidence of temporal lobe involvement we
      deliberately selected for one study 34 patients without clinical signs of such
      lesions. The tests required selective listening in which patients had to a)
      perceive and repeat a prime message in the presence of a simultaneously competing
      meaningful message, either under earphones or in the sound field (loudspeaker),
      and b) repeat all words in a classic dichotic listening task. The tests reveal
      different dysfunctions in right vs left hemisphere damage and document that
      compensatory transfer of function from the usually dominant left side to the
      fight hemisphere usually occurs only in young children. The dysfunctions appear
      to be unrelated to temporal lobe lesions.

PMID- 3868059
TI  - Auditory perpetual dysfunction in patients with CCI, with implications for
      therapy.
AB  - Injury to the head, as from impact, can result in damaged function of the
      auditory receptive (peripheral) or perceptual (central) system, or both. The
      altered function may be clearly apparent, as in a loss of hearing, or may be
      exposed only through specially devised tests. At the Loewenstein Rehabilitation
      Hospital tests were designed or adapted to evaluate processing in the auditory
      periphery, the brain stem and the cortex. With speech as the the stimulus the
      tasks explore binaural interaction, cerebral hemisphere dominance and
      suppression, and cognitive efficiency in understanding degraded speech messages.
      Other stimuli, such as pure tones and musical patterns are employed to reveal
      dysfunction on various levels of the system. This report concentrates on tests
      which require the cerebral hemispheres to listen competitively. Results are given
      for earphone listening and for two new types of selective listening tasks in the
      sound field (loudspeaker) mode.

PMID- 3868060
TI  - [A new method of measuring the jaw relation in the sagittal plane].

PMID- 3868061
TI  - [Apical curettage with retrograde obturation: indications and technics].

PMID- 3868062
TI  - [S.E.M. analysis of changes in the working surfaces of root canal instruments].

PMID- 3868063
TI  - [Comparative study of manual and ultrasonic endodontics in root canal
      preparation].

PMID- 3868064
TI  - [Antibacterial activity of various chemical products for the disinfection of
      dental instruments].

PMID- 3868065
TI  - [Dentigerous ovarian teratomas: report of 6 cases and histogenetic
      considerations].

PMID- 3868066
TI  - [Benign chondroblastoma localized in the maxilla].

PMID- 3868067
TI  - [Salivary immunoglobulins].

PMID- 3868068
TI  - [Abscess in periodontal disease].

PMID- 3868069
TI  - [Sensitivity of the bleeding time index in the early diagnosis of inflammatory
      gingivitis].

PMID- 3868070
TI  - [Surgical plans in the Tweed school orthodontic treatment: Class I malocclusion
      with extractions].

PMID- 3868071
TI  - [The dentist: a study of personality and its reflection in a professional
      context. II].

PMID- 3868072
TI  - [Dental malformation after injury to the germ. Clinical case].

PMID- 3868073
TI  - [Glucosamine metabolism in submandibular gland cells in the rat].

PMID- 3868074
TI  - [Intraligamental local anesthesia: an efficient little-used method].

PMID- 3868075
TI  - [Leukoplakia of the oral cavity and the real possibility of malignant
      transformation].

PMID- 3868076
TI  - [A case of giant dermoid cyst of the mouth floor].

PMID- 3868077
TI  - [Experiences in intraoral xeroradiography].

PMID- 3868078
TI  - [Indications for simultaneous parenchymography during sialography].

PMID- 3868079
TI  - [Crown-bridge restorations without pain].

PMID- 3868080
TI  - [Pain and patients' psychology].

PMID- 3868081
TI  - [Proper orthodontic management].

PMID- 3868082
TI  - [Tooth extraction and pain].

PMID- 3868084
TI  - [Painless injection technics].

PMID- 3868083
TI  - [Implant surgery and anesthesia].

PMID- 3868085
TI  - [Residual pulpitis as a complication of pulpectomy].

PMID- 3868086
TI  - [Arsenous acid-induced periodontitis].

PMID- 3868087
TI  - [Periodontitis following root canal obturation].

PMID- 3868088
TI  - [Management of pain following apicoectomy].

PMID- 3868089
TI  - [Dentin sensitivity following periodontal rehabilitation].

PMID- 3868090
TI  - [Pain following gingivectomy].

PMID- 3868091
TI  - [Pain following flap surgery].

PMID- 3868092
TI  - [Denture stomatitis and its management].

PMID- 3868093
TI  - [TMJ syndrome and its management].

PMID- 3868094
TI  - [Pain caused by orthodontic appliances].

PMID- 3868095
TI  - [Pain following tooth extraction].

PMID- 3868096
TI  - [Diagnosis and management of pain. Dentin sensitivity].

PMID- 3868097
TI  - [Pain following dental implantation and its management].

PMID- 3868098
TI  - [Pain and its management in pedodontics].

PMID- 3868099
TI  - [Pain and its management in geriatric dentistry].

PMID- 3868100
TI  - [Characteristics of pain in women and its management].

PMID- 3868101
TI  - [Diagnosis and management of pain. Pulpitis and its complications].

PMID- 3868102
TI  - [Analgesic effect of acupuncture].

PMID- 3868103
TI  - [Iontophoresis in conservative dentistry].

PMID- 3868104
TI  - [Intravenous anesthesia].

PMID- 3868105
TI  - [Nitrous oxide anesthesia].

PMID- 3868106
TI  - [Use of soft laser as analgesia].

PMID- 3868107
TI  - [Ineffective anesthesia].

PMID- 3868108
TI  - [How to choose analgesics, antibiotics, and oriental medicine].

PMID- 3868109
TI  - [Diagnosis and management of pain. Periodontitis and its complications].

PMID- 3868110
TI  - [Oriental medicine, western medicine and analgesia].

PMID- 3868111
TI  - [Diagnosis and management of pain. Traumatic occlusion].

PMID- 3868113
TI  - [Diagnosis and management of pain. Stomatitis aphthous].

PMID- 3868112
TI  - [Diagnosis and management of pain. Oral mucosal diseases].

PMID- 3868114
TI  - [Diagnosis and management of pain. Glossalgia].

PMID- 3868115
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of pain in clinical dentistry].

PMID- 3868116
TI  - [Diagnosis and management of pain. TMJ syndrome and prosthetics].

PMID- 3868117
TI  - [Diagnosis and management of pain. TMJ syndrome and conservative dentistry].

PMID- 3868118
TI  - [Diagnosis and management of pain. TMJ syndrome and oral surgery].

PMID- 3868119
TI  - [Diagnosis and management of pain. Referred pain].

PMID- 3868120
TI  - [Diagnosis and management of pain. Psychogenic pain].

PMID- 3868121
TI  - [Diagnosis and management of pain. Sialolithiasis].

PMID- 3868122
TI  - [Diagnosis and management of pain. Pain caused by cancer].

PMID- 3868123
TI  - [Diagnosis and management of pain. Pain in the maxillofacial area caused by
      various reasons].

PMID- 3868124
TI  - [Root canal therapy without pain].

PMID- 3868125
TI  - [Periodontal management without pain].

PMID- 3868126
TI  - [Tooth extraction and wound healing].

PMID- 3868127
TI  - [Occlusal adjustment in periodontal diseases].

PMID- 3868128
TI  - [Occlusal adjustment in periodontal therapy].

PMID- 3868129
TI  - [Occlusal adjustment in periodontics].

PMID- 3868130
TI  - [3 cases of periodontal prosthesis in orthodontic treatment].

PMID- 3868131
TI  - [Immediate dentures for advanced periodontal disease].

PMID- 3868132
TI  - [Correct use of the electrosurgical scalpel].

PMID- 3868133
TI  - [Practical tooth transplantation methods in clinical dentistry. 3].

PMID- 3868134
TI  - [Malocclusion and adolescent psychology--holistic approach].

PMID- 3868135
TI  - [A surgical extraction method for the lower third molars].

PMID- 3868136
TI  - [Reconstruction of the occlusal plane].

PMID- 3868137
TI  - [Patient records through photography].

PMID- 3868138
TI  - [My approach to periodontal diseases. 2].

PMID- 3868139
TI  - [Dental radiography during root canal measurement].

PMID- 3868140
TI  - [A dental report from Simikot in northwest Nepal--3].

PMID- 3868141
TI  - [Cephapirin in oro-dental surgery].

PMID- 3868142
TI  - [Clinical studies of cefotiam in infectious diseases of the mouth. Tissue
      concentration of cefotiam].

PMID- 3868143
TI  - [Selection of tools necessary for tooth extraction].

PMID- 3868144
TI  - [Hydroxyapatite alveolar ridge augmentation in cases of flabby gums].

PMID- 3868145
TI  - [My approach to full mouth reconstruction].

PMID- 3868146
TI  - [Patient participation in the management of periodontal diseases].

PMID- 3868147
TI  - [3 treatment modalities for periodontal therapy (my periodontal prosthesis)--1].

PMID- 3868148
TI  - [Evaluation of recent resin adhesives].

PMID- 3868149
TI  - [The Tanner mandibular appliance].

PMID- 3868150
TI  - [A surgical extraction method for the lower third molars--2].

PMID- 3868152
TI  - [Use of metal strips for polishing the surface of resin restorations].

PMID- 3868151
TI  - [Plaque control in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia].

PMID- 3868153
TI  - ["Inlay set"].

PMID- 3868154
TI  - [Visible-light curing resins for mobile teeth].

PMID- 3868155
TI  - [Induction of eruption of ectopic teeth].

PMID- 3868156
TI  - [Dental management of high school students].

PMID- 3868158
TI  - [Brushing instruction at Nijigaoka Nursery (1)].

PMID- 3868157
TI  - [Clinical study of ceftezole (CTZ) in the infectious diseases of the mouth.
      Analysis of tissue concentration].

PMID- 3868159
TI  - [3 treatment modalities in periodontal therapy--2].

PMID- 3868160
TI  - [Orthodontic approaches in periodontics--1].

PMID- 3868161
TI  - [Molar restoration and loss of vertical dimension].

PMID- 3868162
TI  - [Basic concepts for the maintenance of healthy teeth].

PMID- 3868163
TI  - [Partial dentures as a preventive measure].

PMID- 3868164
TI  - [Prosthesis to protect oromandibular function].

PMID- 3868165
TI  - [Completion of health education].

PMID- 3868166
TI  - [Radiographic diagnosis prior to extraction].

PMID- 3868167
TI  - [Management following hemisection].

PMID- 3868168
TI  - [Risk of infection associated with dental treatment].

PMID- 3868169
TI  - [Dental treatment in Brazil].

PMID- 3868170
TI  - [Paresthesia after root filling with AH-26].

PMID- 3868171
TI  - [Does light curing of composites have adverse effects?].

PMID- 3868172
TI  - [Odontomas and their pathologic sequelae].

PMID- 3868173
TI  - Frequency and severity of cone-cuttings in intra-oral radiography using circular
      and rectangular collimation.

PMID- 3868174
TI  - [An infected mandibular buccal cyst, a variation in the classification of cysts].

PMID- 3868175
TI  - [Dental impressions after a trip to Japan].

PMID- 3868176
TI  - [Denmarks contribution in Tanzania].

PMID- 3868177
TI  - Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis treated with ketoconazole (Nizoral).

PMID- 3868178
TI  - Porokeratosis Mibelli: a patient with oral manifestations.

PMID- 3868179
TI  - [Chemical burns in the oral cavity and esophagus after accidental intake of a
      Steradent denture-cleansing tablet].

PMID- 3868180
TI  - [Dental care habits in a group of immigrants from Turkey].

PMID- 3868181
TI  - [Periodontal mysteries].

PMID- 3868182
TI  - [Dental care for the elderly. A partial report from the Dalby study of retired
      persons born in 1902 and 1903].

PMID- 3868183
TI  - [Light-polymerized composites. Are protective measures needed?].

PMID- 3868184
TI  - [Acceptance program for amalgams].

PMID- 3868185
TI  - [A visit to an orthodontic clinic in Arlington, Texas].

PMID- 3868186
TI  - [Precious metals in cremation ashes].

PMID- 3868187
TI  - [The effect of a mechanical amalgam mixer on the microstructure of dispersion
      amalgam].

PMID- 3868188
TI  - [Is there available a satisfactory alternative to amalgam?].

PMID- 3868190
TI  - [Preparation of crowns and bridges using ultrasound].

PMID- 3868189
TI  - [Tooth replacement using an osseointegrated implant].

PMID- 3868191
TI  - [The morphology of dental calculus].

PMID- 3868192
TI  - [The Pitea project. I].

PMID- 3868193
TI  - [Solutions for the rapid development of dental film].

PMID- 3868194
TI  - [Air-Flow, a realistic alternative to polishing with rubber cups and paste].

PMID- 3868195
TI  - [Cariologic evaluation and treatment of patients with high root caries activity].

PMID- 3868196
TI  - [Nasopalatine cysts. A literature review and our own case studies].

PMID- 3868197
TI  - [Kanpo. Traditional medicines from the Orient].

PMID- 3868198
TI  - [Fear of dentists and dental anxiety].

PMID- 3868199
TI  - [Fear of dental care. Etiology, prevention and treatment].

PMID- 3868200
TI  - [Internal resorption. 2 case reports].

PMID- 3868202
TI  - [Oral galvanism. A change in attitude following dental-medical evaluation and
      explanation].

PMID- 3868201
TI  - [Side effects due to dental materials].

PMID- 3868203
TI  - [Mercury poisoning due to dental amalgam].

PMID- 3868204
TI  - [Good clinic hygiene is important].

PMID- 3868205
TI  - [Tolerance to pefloxacine during treatment of a series of osteoarticular
      infections. 36 cases].

PMID- 3868206
TI  - [Endosseous implants in the jaw: indications and contraindications].

PMID- 3868207
TI  - [Clinical photography II. Olympus OM 2 spot/program].

PMID- 3868208
TI  - The sensitivity of female NMRI mice of different ages for osteosarcoma induction
      with 227thorium.

PMID- 3868209
TI  - The U.K. radium luminiser survey: significance of a lack of excess leukaemia.

PMID- 3868210
TI  - Late effects of 226Ra, 224Ra and 239Pu in female mice of the ICR strain.

PMID- 3868211
TI  - Intraocular lens power calculation--the selection of formula.
AB  - The postoperative refraction of the eye after intraocular lens (IOL) implantation
      is an important aspect of the quality of aphakia correction. The postoperative
      refraction cannot be guessed with consistent accuracy as the refractive power of
      an eye is multifactorial. Calculation of IOL power is based upon measurements of
      corneal curvature and axial length and an estimation of postoperative anterior
      chamber depth. There are a number of formulae available for the calculation of
      IOL power. The optical formulae, of which those of R. D. Binkhorst are the most
      popular, give results which are very similar and which all differ from the
      mathematical regression SRK formula by the indication of a stronger IOL power for
      short eyes. A statistical analysis of postoperative results confirms that the R.
      D. Binkhorst formula gives the author an over-powered IOL for short eyes when
      calculated for emmetropia but not when calculated for planned ametropia. Results
      with the R. D. Binkhorst formula will be improved by the modification of the
      anterior chamber depth according to the axial length. Both formulae give
      satisfactory results for the range of axial lengths commonly encountered in
      clinical practice. Whichever formula is used, it is important for each surgeon to
      analyse postoperative results and to modify the selection of IOL power according
      to this feedback to correct for consistent errors of instrumentation or
      technique.

PMID- 3868212
TI  - Does light pose a hazard to the macula in aphakia?
AB  - The changes produced within the retina by ultraviolet and blue-violet light are
      discussed in relation to the increased sensitivity of aphakic and pseudophakic
      eyes to actinic damage.

PMID- 3868213
TI  - Opacification of the posterior capsule.
AB  - We found hyperplasia of the lens epithelium to be the most important feature
      contributing to opacification of the posterior capsule in a histopathologic study
      of 77 eyes obtained postmortem after extracapsular cataract extraction. Wrinkling
      of the posterior capsule appears to be caused by contraction of hyperplastic lens
      epithelial cells that have acquired myoblastic differentiation. Other cells that
      rarely grow onto the anterior surface of the posterior capsule include iris
      melanocytes and pigment epithelium, fibrocytes, and lens epithelium in the form
      of Elschnig pearls. This report describes the clinical and pathologic features of
      posterior capsule opacification, outlines the mechanisms of formation and
      discusses the rational development of strategies designed to prevent and treat
      this complication.

PMID- 3868214
TI  - The role of contact lenses in the management of aphakia.

PMID- 3868216
TI  - A survey of intraocular lens implantation in the United Kingdom.
AB  - A postal survey of the practise of intraocular lens implantation in the United
      Kingdom was carried out in April/May of 1984. A good response to the
      questionnaire was received. The results of this survey are presented.

PMID- 3868215
TI  - The structure and function of basement membrane (lens capsule) in relation to
      diabetes and cataract.
AB  - The water permeability of the basement membrane (lens capsule) of the crystalline
      lens of the adult normal and diabetic rat has been investigated. The hydraulic
      conductivity at low pressure is 51.4 +/- 7.8 X 10(-12) msec-1 Pa-1 in the normal
      rats and 70.3 +/- 11.1 msec-1 Pa-1 in the diabetic rat. A 37 per cent increase in
      hydraulic permeability of diabetic membrane was correlated with slit lamp and
      electron microscopic appearances of oedematous lens fibres in an adult human
      diabetic lens and the rabbit lens in which the posterior lens capsule had been
      perforated.

PMID- 3868217
TI  - The posterior surface of the cornea in the irido-corneal endothelial syndrome: a
      specular microscopical study.
AB  - The corneal endothelia of 21 eyes afflicted with the irido-corneal endothelial
      (ICE) syndrome have been studied repeatedly with the clinical specular
      microscope. In all cases a characteristic cell type (the 'ICE-cell') is present
      but distributed in 4 different patterns. Accordingly, each case could be
      classified at any one time as one of 4 endothelial variants. One variant, always
      associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), is characterised by a
      scattering of ICE-cells throughout the endothelial mosaic. This progresses
      rapidly to a second variant in which the entire endothelium appears 'replaced' by
      ICE-cells. In a third variant, associated with normal IOP, ICE-cells 'replace'
      only a portion of the endothelium which itself shows a great increase in cell
      numbers/unit area. This, apparently, slowly progresses to a fourth variant which
      shows a dramatic loss of endothelial cells.

PMID- 3868218
TI  - Clinical features of the irido-corneal endothelial syndrome.
AB  - Progressive iris atrophy, Chandler's syndrome and the iris naevus syndrome are
      recognised as subgroups of the irido-corneal endothelial syndrome but in some
      cases a confusing overlap of the clinical signs is found. The clinical features
      of five cases selected from 19 patients with this syndrome are described. The
      findings suggest that the disease can be better subdivided into two groups based
      on the morphology of the posterior corneal surface as seen with the slit lamp.

PMID- 3868219
TI  - Convergence spasm.
AB  - Convergence spasm, when it is part of the near-response, is accompanied by
      accommodation and miosis. The differential diagnosis of bilateral sixth nerve
      palsy, divergence insufficiency, bilateral gaze palsy may be distinguished by
      clinical examination. In a review of 12 cases, 8 of whom were re-examined after a
      mean interval of 8.3 years, no organic disease became manifest. We suggest that
      extensive neurological investigation is not necessary in this group of patients.
      Treatment with cycloplegia and glasses gave symptomatic relief in 5 cases.

PMID- 3868220
TI  - Localised gamma irradiation and experimental intraocular proliferation.
AB  - A controlled study was undertaken to assess the effect of gamma irradiation on
      post-traumatic intraocular cellular proliferation. A standard perforating injury
      in the posterior segment of the rabbit eye was used to induce intraocular
      cellular proliferation and vitreo-retinal membrane formation. The site of injury
      was irradiated with an ophthalmic Cobalt60 applicator which provided a continuous
      source of gamma rays. Non-irradiated eyes developed traction retinal detachments
      associated with post-traumatic vitreo-retinal membranes. Irradiated eyes
      developed attenuated membranes or atrophic retinal scars, with the retina
      remaining attached. The membranes in non-irradiated eyes were highly cellular
      with abundant collagen, while irradiated membranes had fewer cells within a
      sparse collagen matrix. The episcleral fibroblasts, on autoradiographic studies
      appeared to be the main source of the cells that formed the proliferating tissue
      in both non-irradiated and irradiated eyes. In irradiated eyes both the
      inflammatory response and division of fibroblasts were delayed and reduced.

PMID- 3868221
TI  - [Characterization of the pathways of cefotiam elimination by clearance approaches
      in patients following cholecystectomy].
AB  - The clearance approach was used in the evaluation of the role of renal and
      biliary excretion in the total elimination of cephothiam from organism of
      patients after cholecystectomy. Six patients with inserted T-like drain into the
      choledochus duct and urinary catheter after gall bladder operation received I g
      cephothiam by stream intravenously during the early postoperative period. The
      value of renal clearance (= 132.86 +/- 27.35 ml/min) was with one order higher
      than that of biliary clearance (= 11.54 +/- 9.67 ml/min) and revealed glomerular
      filtration as the basic mechanism for elimination of cephothiam from the organism
      of those patients. The value for the sum Clr + Clb = 144.40 ml/min. kre + keb +
      1.51 h1-resp. corresponded to the value of the clearance from the central
      (plasma) compartment, that for kle resp. suggesting that the kidneys and liver
      were part of that compartment. The high degree of positive correlation between
      the biliary clearance and biliary flow (r = 0.94, p less than or equal to 0.02)
      as well as the positive dependence of the biliary excretory rates, biliary
      excretory rate constants resp X 80, (r = 0.81, r = 0.83 resp) from the biliary
      flow revealed that the elimination of the drug from the live depends on the
      volume of the biliary flow. The negative correlation (r = -0.87, p less than
      0.05) between the half-life for biliary excretion and the volume of the biliary
      flow support that presumption.

PMID- 3868222
TI  - [Computer-assisted in vivo study of capillary permeability].
AB  - Terminal circulation can be studied in vivo using capillaroscopy. This paper
      presents the results of systematic investigations of capillary permeability (KPU)
      in the nailfold. In addition to the morphology of capillary loops, we
      investigated the transcapillary passage and interstitial distribution of sodium
      fluorescein (Na-flu) in healthy persons (42) and in patients suffering from
      functional microangiopathies (17) or organic vascular disease (58). The effects
      of various therapeutic measures on the microcirculation were also studied. First,
      dynamic processes at the capillary loops were recorded on a video system. The
      second step consisted of quantification of the pericapillary light intensities
      (FLI) at predetermined times using a computerized video-densitometer. The
      measured variables, i.e. maximal interstitial FLI, diameter of the juxtacapillary
      halo (IK-H) and distance between the intracapillary column of red cells and the
      interstitial peak of FLI, provided information about the permeability of the
      capillaries and the interstitial diffusion of Na-flu. In healthy subjects, the
      interstitial FLI reached its highest values 10 sec after the appearance of Na-flu
      in the capillary loop, the distance between the peak of FLI and the
      intracapillary column of erythrocytes increased continuously over a period of 2
      min, whereas the diameter of the IK-H reached a constant value after 20 sec. In
      patients suffering from functional microangiopathy, an increased pericapillary
      FLI as well as an enlarged juxtacapillary zone with elevated Na-flu
      concentrations could be established as objective criteria in addition to the
      already known alterations of the morphology of the capillary loops. Similar
      observations, but of much greater extent, were made in patients suffering from
      microvessels disease associated with collagen disease. The regional variation in
      the pericapillary FLI supports the assumption that morphological changes are
      present in these patients. KPU in patients suffering from organic macroangiopathy
      revealed no changes in comparison to healthy persons. The effects of conventional
      therapy in patients with reduced peripheral arterial perfusion on the parameters
      measured by KPU were of variable magnitude. The increase in trans-capillary
      leakage and interstitial dispersion of Na-flu was significant during systemic
      fibrinolysis and during the intra-arterial application of PGE1. The changes in
      the measured parameters were considerably smaller during therapy with
      phenprocoumarol and heparin, whereas treatment with inhibitors of platelet
      aggregation left the results of KPU unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3868223
TI  - [Further education of the dental assistant today and tomorrow].

PMID- 3868224
TI  - [Caries prevention with fluorides. A scientific position].

PMID- 3868225
TI  - [Sequelae of the removal of the 6 year molars in children and adolescents].

PMID- 3868226
TI  - [Gerontology].

PMID- 3868227
TI  - [The problem of the proximal filling margin--studies in th field of
      interdisciplinary student education].

PMID- 3868228
TI  - [Maxillofacial injuries occurring in riding sports].

PMID- 3868229
TI  - [Myofunctional therapy].

PMID- 3868230
TI  - [Mouth and speech].

PMID- 3868231
TI  - [Connection between the polished occlusal facets and pathological findings in the
      masticatory system of young adults].

PMID- 3868232
TI  - [Complete dentures from viewpoint of their effects].

PMID- 3868233
TI  - [Pre- and post-operative medications used in ambulatory oral surgery].

PMID- 3868234
TI  - [Conservative endodontic treatment of large periapical changes].

PMID- 3868235
TI  - [New ways of caries prevention by increasing the pH of dental plaque with
      Neutralith].

PMID- 3868236
TI  - [Finishing properties].

PMID- 3868237
TI  - [Clinical studies on use of low-gold dental alloys].

PMID- 3868238
TI  - [Clinical and instrument functional diagnosis in temporomandibular joint
      diseases].

PMID- 3868239
TI  - [Corrosion tests of dental alloys--difficulties in the evaluation of the
      results].

PMID- 3868240
TI  - [Effect of toothpaste on composites].

PMID- 3868241
TI  - [Extraction of upper 3d molars].

PMID- 3868242
TI  - [Development of a non-precious metal baked alloy (Dentalit C) for dental
      technics].

PMID- 3868243
TI  - [Biological studies of cavity liners].

PMID- 3868244
TI  - [Compressive force used in local anesthesia].

PMID- 3868245
TI  - [Mandibular condyle hyperplasia--possibilities in the diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 3868246
TI  - [Subjective stress factors in the dental profession].

PMID- 3868247
TI  - [Motivation of preventive health attitudes: causal analysis of factors that
      determine attitudes as a premise for implementing a dental prevention program].

PMID- 3868248
TI  - [Prevention in view of caries regression and increased dentist supply? The
      Netherlands example].

PMID- 3868249
TI  - [Knowledge and conscience. The relation of medical science and medical arts].

PMID- 3868250
TI  - [Oral health of the German population. International comparison and outlook].

PMID- 3868251
TI  - [Have the indications for orthodontic treatment changed with increased
      prevention?].

PMID- 3868252
TI  - [Surgical possibilities in the maintenance of the occlusal plane in the molar
      region].

PMID- 3868253
TI  - [Changes in periodontal therapy from the aspect of stronger oral hygiene
      measures].

PMID- 3868254
TI  - [Obstructive sleep-apnea syndromes. Advice for neurologist and dentist].

PMID- 3868255
TI  - [Kasper gives Seppel a toothbrush].

PMID- 3868256
TI  - [Clinical usefulness of calcium phosphate ceramics].

PMID- 3868257
TI  - [AIDS virus infection: increase risk of infection for dentists].

PMID- 3868258
TI  - [Conditional and unconditional indications for tooth extraction].

PMID- 3868259
TI  - [Be on the look out for the origins of psychologically caused oral diseases].

PMID- 3868261
TI  - [Problems of dental preparation technics].

PMID- 3868260
TI  - [Cardiovascular syncope in dental practice].

PMID- 3868263
TI  - [Scialom pin implants: 14 years' statistics].

PMID- 3868262
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis].

PMID- 3868264
TI  - [Conical aluminum oxide-ceramic posts as orthograde root canal fillings].

PMID- 3868265
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy studies of Retzius' lines in the primary teeth].

PMID- 3868266
TI  - [Efficacy of Dolomo T/N in practical use].

PMID- 3868267
TI  - [Cariogenicity of sugar- and starch-containing foodstuffs].

PMID- 3868268
TI  - [Cariogenicity of sugar- and starch-containing foods].

PMID- 3868269
TI  - [Autotransplantation of teeth as replacement of the 6-year molars].

PMID- 3868270
TI  - [Vestibuloplasty in cleft patients using polyglactin mesh].

PMID- 3868271
TI  - [Functional determinants of the masticatory system].

PMID- 3868272
TI  - [Cranial function limits of the stomatognathic system].

PMID- 3868273
TI  - [Articulators in orthodontics].

PMID- 3868274
TI  - [Implantation in private practice. A statistical study].

PMID- 3868275
TI  - [Thick air. How dangerous is passive smoking?].

PMID- 3868276
TI  - [A cheap treatment plan is not always worth its price. Practical recommendations
      for cost reduction in orthodontics].

PMID- 3868277
TI  - [Hereditary aplasia of the premolars].

PMID- 3868278
TI  - [The autotransplantation of vital third molars].

PMID- 3868279
TI  - [Indications for fixed treatment appliances].

PMID- 3868280
TI  - [Pre and post-operative analysis of tongue pressure in prognathic patients].

PMID- 3868281
TI  - ["New style" in dentistry].

PMID- 3868282
TI  - [Practical method for the reconstruction of a temporomandibular joint-protected
      bite plate].

PMID- 3868284
TI  - [Responsible health care policies in dentistry, using as example the Perleberg
      district].

PMID- 3868283
TI  - [Determinate programs and step-by-step plans for simple efficiency and intricate
      management methods in the dental technical laboratory].

PMID- 3868285
TI  - [Design of an occupational vacuum pump for the dental laboratory].

PMID- 3868286
TI  - [Further development of postgraduate continuing education programs for dental
      technicians].

PMID- 3868287
TI  - [Crozat appliance].

PMID- 3868288
TI  - [Quality of dental technical performance].

PMID- 3868289
TI  - [Equipment recommendations and work method-dependent design of functional spaces.
      Plastics technology].

PMID- 3868290
TI  - [Immediate care--a means to preserve oral structure].

PMID- 3868291
TI  - [Status and development of non-precious metal alloys for fixed dentures].

PMID- 3868292
TI  - [The response of cells to anti-tumour drugs estimated by limiting dilution in
      microwell culture].

PMID- 3868293
TI  - Effects of rapid eye movement sleep deprivation on the feeding behavior in the
      laboratory rat with a description of the cuff pedestal technique.
AB  - The cuff pedestal technique, with which it is possible to use the test animal as
      its own control both before and after REMs deprivation, was described. The
      validity of this modified procedure for REMs deprivation was tested with
      reference to the electrophysiological sleep correlates using 6 adult rats
      deprived of REMs for 3 days. The stress effects of the cuff pedestal treatment
      were assessed in terms of adrenal weights in 12 rats. The duration of REMs
      deprivation in this experiment was 5 days. The effects of REMs deprivation on
      locomotor activity and food intake were studied in 8 juvenile rats exposed to
      REMs deprivation by lowering the cuffs for 6 days after 3 baseline days with the
      cuffs raised. 24 h recordings of meal pattern data were obtained from 8 adult
      rats during one baseline day, during the first and sixth day of REMs deprivation
      and during the second day after termination of REMs deprivation. The main results
      were as follows: The procedure of placing experimentally naive rats on small
      pedestals surrounded by water inhibited normal food intake for several days.
      Concomitant weight losses were of the same order as have been reported to occur
      in control rats on large pedestals. This finding suggests that both the large and
      small pedestals should be equipped with movable cuffs and that actual deprivation
      should be started by lowering the cuffs only when the animals have exceeded their
      original weights. The electrophysiological sleep/waking cycle of rats adapted to
      living on the pedestal with the cuff raised was similar to that reported in rats
      under ordinary laboratory conditions. Lowering of the cuffs for 3 days resulted
      in an almost total disappearance of REMs. A prominent rebound increase of REMs
      occurred after raising of the cuffs. Rats kept for fourteen days on pedestals
      with the cuffs raised displayed an increase of about 20% in the weights of the
      adrenal bodies. A quite similar adrenal hypertrophy, however, also occurs in rats
      living under enriched conditions. Lowering of the cuffs for the last 5 days did
      not induce any additional changes in the adrenal weights. These findings indicate
      that REMs deprivation achieved by means of the cuff pedestal does not induce any
      measurable physical stress. With the cuffs raised (no REMs deprivation), the rats
      displayed a prominent LD cycle of food intake characterized by very large meals
      consumed exclusively at the end of the dark period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3868294
TI  - Muscle metabolism during intensive exercise--influence of subnormal muscle
      temperature.

PMID- 3868295
TI  - [Immediate closure of the oroantral fistula using a rotated gingivovestibular
      flap].

PMID- 3868296
TI  - [Epidemiology of dental caries and evaluation of treatment possibilities for
      children in the region of Split].

PMID- 3868297
TI  - [The possibilities of drug therapy in oral lichen ruber].

PMID- 3868298
TI  - [Hallet's Class III and IV dens invaginatus and endodontic treatment].

PMID- 3868299
TI  - [A comparative roentgeno-cephalometric analysis of sagittal jaw relations in
      patients with Angle Class I, II and III malocclusion].

PMID- 3868300
TI  - [A videoradiographic analysis of temporomandibular joint movements].

PMID- 3868301
TI  - [Periodontal conditions in insulin-dependent diabetics with and without
      complications].

PMID- 3868302
TI  - [Oral ventilation at home in children with neuromuscular diseases].

PMID- 3868303
TI  - [Choice of respirator for domiciliary ventilation].

PMID- 3868304
TI  - Drug-induced emergency.
AB  - The management of drug-induced emergencies in the dental office is based on
      vigilance in monitoring, early detection of premorbid events, and sequential
      application of the "ABCs" of basic cardiac life support. The steps for treating
      serious adverse reactions which can occur in the dental office are reviewed.
      Procedures to minimize adverse drug reactions are emphasized, and the appropriate
      drugs and doses to use are summarized.

PMID- 3868305
TI  - A comparison of postoperative recovery times between isoflurane and enflurane for
      pediatric dental outpatient anesthesia.
AB  - Isoflurane is a volatile liquid anesthetic agent reported to have recovery times
      shorter than many anesthetic agents in current use. This study compared
      postoperative recovery times in pediatric patients receiving dental treatment
      under isoflurane to those receiving enflurane anesthesia. The study consisted of
      a retrospective review of anesthesia records for pediatric patients receiving
      isoflurane anesthesia. These patients were then matched to patients receiving
      enflurane anesthesia for age, weight, sex, race, and treatment time. A total of
      nine matched pairs were available for review. The average recovery time (as
      measured from extubation to discharge) for isoflurane was 53 minutes and for
      enflurane, 46 minutes. When the matched cases were analyzed by paired t-text, no
      statistically significant difference in recovery times was demonstrated at the
      0.05 level. These findings suggest that there is no significant difference in
      postoperative recovery times between isofluane and enflurane in pediatric dental
      outpatients undergoing general anesthesia.

PMID- 3868307
TI  - Pulse oximetry monitoring of sedated pediatric dental patients.
AB  - Hypoxemia is recognized as a major complication of sedating pediatric dental
      patients. Traditional methods of patient monitoring show changes only with
      moderate to severe hypoxemia. This study compared pulse oximetry, a new
      monitoring technology, to traditional techniques in their ability to detect
      hypoxemia in sedated children. The results demonstrated that pulse oximetry is a
      more sensitive monitor of mild to moderate hypoxemia than measurements of heart
      rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, or visual observation for cyanosis in
      sedated pediatric dental patients.

PMID- 3868306
TI  - Double-blind comparison of rectally administered diazepam to placebo for
      pediatric sedation: the cardiovascular response.
AB  - The sedative and cardiovascular effects of rectally administered diazepam (0.6
      mg/kg) were compared to placebo in uncooperative children who required sedation
      during dental treatment. Twelve healthy preschool children, who required amalgam
      restorations, were treated during two standardized restorative appointments in a
      double-blind, crossover study. Blood pressure and pulse were obtained during four
      specified intervals during the appointment. The behavior of the children during
      the treatment visits was videotaped and later statistically analyzed using a
      kinesics/vocalization instrument. Behavioral ratings of cooperation were
      significantly improved during the treatment visit following diazepam. All
      interfering bodily movements, patient vocalizations and operator commands for the
      diazepam group were reduced significantly (p<=0.0001). No significant differences
      were observed for noninterfering behavioral response. Rectally administered
      diazepam did not alter blood pressure or pulse significantly in these sedated
      children when compared to the placebo. These findings indicate that rectal
      diazepam is an effective sedative agent with minimal effect on the cardiovascular
      system for the management of the young pediatric dental patient.

PMID- 3868309
TI  - The specialty of anesthesiology in dentistry.

PMID- 3868308
TI  - Reduction of venous complications of intravenous diazepam.
AB  - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIAs), administered preoperatively and
      for three days postoperatively, were evaluated for reduction in the occurrence of
      venous complications following conscious sedation with intravenous diazepam.
      Patients receiving NSAIAs had significant reduction in overall incidence of
      postoperative venous complications when compared to a control group receiving
      postoperative narcotic analgesics.

PMID- 3868310
TI  - Hope for a new neurology.

PMID- 3868311
TI  - Neuron production in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb of the adult rat brain:
      addition or replacement?

PMID- 3868312
TI  - The development of immunological reactivity in fetal lambs.

PMID- 3868313
TI  - The role of cholesterol and its biosynthesis in lymphocyte proliferation and
      differentiation.

PMID- 3868314
TI  - Regulation of human erythroid proliferation in vitro by leukocyte surface
      components.

PMID- 3868315
TI  - Thymic lymphopoiesis: protected from, or influenced by, external stimulation?
AB  - The mechanisms regulating thymic lymphopoiesis are still a matter of debate.
      Intracortical proliferation and differentiation of thymocytes are thought to be
      controlled by locally produced humoral factors and close contact with epithelial,
      possibly also phagocytic, cells, and restricted by products of the major
      histocompatibility complex. The observation of a translocation of
      intraabdominally introduced PVP-coated silica particles (Percoll) via parathymic
      lymph vessels and through the thymic capsule into the cortical parenchyma
      demonstrates that the thymic cortex is accessible to materials carried with the
      transcapsular flux of interstitial fluid, and that this barrier is less effective
      than the blood-thymus barrier. The proliferative activity of cortical thymocytes
      following an intraabdominal injection of particulate tetanus toxoid was compared
      in sites adjacent to, and distant from, parathymic lymph nodes. Absolute numbers
      of DNA-synthesizing thymocytes were found to be much higher in cortical areas
      close to the lymph nodes, where lymphatic vessels are most numerous, than on the
      opposite sides of the thymic lobes. Taken together, these findings indicate that-
      in addition to intrinsic control mechanisms--cortical thymocyte production may be
      influenced by peripheral stimulation to some extent, and that materials from
      sites which are drained by parathymic lymph nodes may be important in this
      respect.

PMID- 3868316
TI  - Direct morphological and functional examination of murine pluripotent hemopoietic
      stem cells.
AB  - Pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (PHSC) were isolated from adult mouse bone
      marrow by a combination of equilibrium density centrifugation and light-activated
      cell sorting for WGA-positive and H-2k antigen-positive cells. The sorted cells
      gave rise to 2 spleen colonies per 100 injected cells at 8 days and 6.6 colonies
      per 100 cells at 12 days after transplantation into lethally irradiated syngeneic
      recipients. The average enrichment factor for day 12 CFU-S (colony forming unit
      spleen) equalled 135 (range, 90-230; n = 15). Enrichment for the cell type that
      provides radioprotection was equal to 180 +/- 70, indicating that PHSC and CFU-S
      are identical. Evidence is provided that the spleen seeding efficiency (the f
      factor) of these cells was 0.10 and, therefore, that the average purity of the
      sorted PHSC was 65% (range in 15 experiments, 35-110%). The sorted cells were all
      in the G0 or G1 phase of the cycle. They appeared to be undifferentiated blasts
      by morphological criteria, the majority of the cells being similar in structure
      to the PHSC previously identified in less purified concentrates. Electron
      microscopy revealed that the sorted cells consisted primarily of two cell types,
      possibly representing G0 and G1 cells. The FACS was used to deposit single
      selected cells into individual microwells of Terasaki trays. Thirty percent of
      the sorted cells could be induced to form progeny in vitro. This procedure
      facilitates direct examination of the first events of hemopoietic regulation.

PMID- 3868317
TI  - Early hemopoietic progenitor cells: direct measurement of cell cycle status.
AB  - We have investigated the cell cycle status of murine hemopoietic progenitors
      using vital DNA staining and flow sorting. Suspended Balb/c bone marrow cells
      were stained with Hoechst 33342 dye and separated first on light scattering
      properties; this procedure allowed a 5-fold enrichment in progenitor cells. A
      second sorting based on DNA content indicated that 80% of these cells were in
      G0/G1 and 20% in S-G2 + M. When G0/G1 and S-G2 + M cells were assayed separately
      in methylcellulose cultures, or with the in vivo colony forming assay, the G0/G1
      cells were shown to be markedly enriched in CFU-S, BFU-E, and GM-CFU as compared
      to S-G2 + M cells with the final recovery increased 20-fold. Comparison of
      different strains or age groups yielded results identical to those obtained with
      Balb/c with the exception of C57B1/6. In the latter strain only a 3-fold
      enrichment could be observed in the G0/G1 fraction. These results demonstrate
      that the majority of early hemopoietic progenitors are in the G0/G1 phase of the
      cell cycle.

PMID- 3868318
TI  - Modulation of radiation-induced hemopoietic suppression by acute
      thrombocytopenia.
AB  - Modifications of radiation-induced hemopoietic suppression by acute
      thrombocytopenia were evaluated. Immediately before or after exposure to
      sublethal irradiation, mice were given a single injection of anti-mouse platelet
      serum (APS), normal heterologous serum, neuraminidase (N'ase), or saline, or no
      further treatment was provided. Hemopoiesis was evaluated by blood cell counts,
      hematocrits, and incorporation of [75Se]selenomethionine into platelets. APS and
      N'ase induced an acute thrombocytopenia from which there was partial recovery
      before the platelet count started to fall from the radiation. During the second
      post-treatment week, both thrombocytopoiesis and erythropoiesis were greater in
      mice that received APS or N'ase in addition to radiation than in control
      irradiated mice. Differences in leukopoiesis were not apparent. Therefore, both
      thrombocytopoiesis and erythropoiesis appeared to be responsive to a stimulus
      generated by acute thrombocytopenia in sublethally irradiated mice.

PMID- 3868319
TI  - Inhibition of fibroblast proliferation by myelotoxic drugs.

PMID- 3868320
TI  - The critical cell concept and its application in the assessment of effects from
      different dose rates and different radiation qualities.

PMID- 3868321
TI  - Long-term residual radiation effect in the murine hematopoietic stem cell
      compartment.
AB  - For the measurement of long-term residual radiation effect in the murine
      hematopoietic system a test system was developed that quantifies the
      proliferation ability of progeny of spleen repopulating cells by the
      proliferation factor (PF). The PF expresses the ratios of 125IUdR incorporation
      in the recipient spleens at days 3 and 5 following cell transfusion, thus
      measuring the relative increase in number of proliferating cells. Following 500
      rad whole-body gamma irradiation, PF recovered up to 6 months and remained
      thereafter, on the average, at 80% of control. Recovery of the number of 7-day
      CFU-S was similar to recovery of PF. Various studies were aimed at elucidating
      the reasons for reduction in PF. Loss of incorporated 125IUdR activity from
      spleens between days 3 and 5 after cell transfusion indicates loss of mature
      labeled cells. When the doubling time of proliferating cells of CFU-S progeny
      (td) is corrected for cell loss, td for control bone marrow approaches mitotic
      cycle time in normal bone marrow as was found elsewhere. Following 500 rad, both
      cell loss and td were initially increased and recovered in parallel with PF and
      number of CFU-S. Reduction of PF could be brought about by radiation-induced
      increase in transient CFU-S with the consequence of increased loss of mature
      cells between days 3 and 5. This possibility was excluded by the observation that
      1 year after 500 rad the number of colonies per spleen did not decrease from day
      7 to day 12 after cell transfusion, as was expected from a higher proportion of
      transient CFU-S, but increased more than in the controls. Measurement of these 12
      day colonies showed a significantly reduced size. Average progeny from irradiated
      CFU-S, apparently, grow more slowly. It is concluded that sublethal injury
      resides in stem cells, increases mitotic cycle time, and causes precocious loss
      of cells from spleens probably by enhanced differentiation and maturation due to
      interference with endocellular control of cell proliferation and differentiation.
      Probably the observed recovery proceeds via replacement of injured stem cells by
      less injured or normal stem cells.

PMID- 3868323
TI  - Oncogenic effects of ionizing radiation.

PMID- 3868322
TI  - Neon-20 ion- and X-ray-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female rats.

PMID- 3868324
TI  - The tritium toxicity program in the Medical Department at Brookhaven National
      Laboratory.
AB  - A summary of all the findings to date is given in Table 2. It appears from this
      information that it is possible to detect somatic, cytogenetic, and genetic
      effects resulting from exposures at 33 to 100 times the mpc's for HTO. Similar
      effects also result from exposure to external gamma rays at an equivalent dose.
      The reduction in bone marrow cells in animals maintaining normal total
      cellularity is of interest since it demonstrates both the presence of an effect
      at the primitive cell level and the animal's ability to compensate for this
      effect by recruiting stem cells from the G0 resting state. This evidence of
      damage together with the observed cytogenetic changes leads one to contemplate
      the possible importance of radiation exposures at these levels for the induction
      of leukemia or other blood dyscrasias. Studies to investigate this question are
      now under way. As predicted on the basis of established principles of
      radiobiology, exposure to tritium beta rays from HTO ingestion results in
      measurable effects on several animal systems. The importance of position of
      incorporation of H into molecules of biological importance has not been well
      defined, nor have the low-dose portions of the dose-response curve for several
      effects of interest. Experiments designed to address these questions and measure
      H turnover as a means for analysis of cell kinetics in several systems are now
      under way.

PMID- 3868325
TI  - Alkylation repair activity in the lung macrophages of smokers and nonsmokers.

PMID- 3868326
TI  - Preliminary observations on the correlation of proliferative phenomena with in
      vivo 31P NMR spectroscopy after tumor chemotherapy.

PMID- 3868327
TI  - Cell kinetic studies of the effect of cytotoxic drugs on survival and
      proliferation of ascites and solid tumor cells of the mouse.
AB  - The three studies discussed show that the response of experimental ascites and
      solid tumors, as well as of the host organism, to a cytotoxic drug can be studied
      quantitatively with cell kinetic methods. Knowledge of this kind is necessary in
      the attempt to improve the application of cytotoxic drugs in chemotherapy of
      tumors which up to now has been based mainly on pure empiricism.

PMID- 3868328
TI  - Redifferentiation of cancer cells: bestatin, estradiol, and prostaglandin D2.
AB  - The induction of redifferentiation of cancer cells was studied. This was
      achievable with bestatin, especially in combination with sex hormones or
      prostaglandin D2, in murine undifferentiated mammary adenocarcinoma cells in
      vitro. Prostaglandin D2 also exerted a similar redifferentiating effect on M1
      murine leukemia cells and a consecutive bestatin-hormone regimen was effective in
      endocrine tumors in man. Cancer redifferentiation may one day be developed into a
      clinical technique.

PMID- 3868329
TI  - A cooperative study of polycythemia vera.

PMID- 3868330
TI  - Cryopreservation of human platelets and bone marrow and peripheral blood
      totipotential mononuclear stem cells.
AB  - Human platelets in sufficient numbers for a therapeutic transfusion can be
      collected for preservation either by pooling ABO- and Rh-compatible platelets or
      by apheresis procedures using mechanical cell-separating machines. Human
      platelets have been frozen successfully with 5 or 6% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
      and stored at -150 or -180 degrees C, respectively. Platelets frozen with 5% DMSO
      have been stored at -150 degrees C for at least 3 years, and platelets frozen
      with 6% DMSO have been stored at -80 degrees C for at least 2 years.
      Approximately 95% of the DMSO usually is removed by washing the platelets after
      thawing, and the residual DMSO produces no untoward effects. Washed platelets
      resuspended in plasma can be stored at room temperature for 6 to 8 hr before
      transfusion. Platelets thus frozen have freeze-thaw-wash recovery values of about
      80%. In vivo survival values are only about 50% those seen with fresh platelets,
      and it is necessary to transfuse twice as many to achieve comparable results.
      Studies have shown that these platelets have satisfactory circulation, reduce
      clinical bleeding, and shorten the prolonged bleeding times associated with
      thrombocytopenia. Studies are now being made on human bone marrow and peripheral
      blood, from which totipotential cells devoid of immunocompetent cells can be
      isolated and frozen.

PMID- 3868331
TI  - A normal fixed-loss component of platelet utilization accounting for short
      survival of transfused platelets.

PMID- 3868332
TI  - Clinical applications of measurement of serum immunoreactive levels of
      erythropoietin.

PMID- 3868333
TI  - Radiation sensitivity and cancer in ataxia-telangiectasia.

PMID- 3868334
TI  - The status of pulmonary host defense in the neonatal sheep: cellular and humoral
      aspects.
AB  - In consideration of the sheep neonate as a compromised host, we have examined the
      status of cellular and humoral pulmonary host defense components at selected
      developmental time points. The dynamic character of the early neonatal LFC
      population, reflected in changes in subpopulations and proliferative capacity,
      most probably contributed to the observed changes in in vitro cell function.
      While certain cell responses, e.g., blood and LFC PMN chemotaxis, appeared intact
      by day 1, others developed subsequently. The ability of AMs to elaborate a
      chemotactic factor(s) was first noted at day 21. Bacteria binding and killing
      presented a biphasic maturation pattern, with full competence not present until
      day 180. Although the in vitro binding and killing activity of day 8 LFCs was
      comparable to that of the adult, it may be a poor indicator of in vivo host
      defense capacity, given the relative paucity of endogenous opsonins at that age.
      In fact, the interdependence of mediators suggests that the sheep neonate may
      remain a compromised host during the first 3 months of life. Thereafter, cellular
      and humoral parameters begin to approximate those of adult sheep and by 180 days
      of life pulmonary defense, as assessed in this study, is fully developed.

PMID- 3868335
TI  - Comparison of pulmonary and intestinal lymphocyte migrational patterns in sheep.

PMID- 3868337
TI  - Receptors and other targets for toxic substances. Proceedings of the European
      Society of Toxicology. Budapest, June 11-14, 1984.

PMID- 3868336
TI  - [Initial results of the use of a radioimmunoassay for luteinizing hormone as a
      control of the superovulation reaction in cattle].

PMID- 3868338
TI  - Intestinal pathology in the dog induced by sublethal doses of amiodarone.
AB  - Amiodarone (A), an unique antiarrhythmic agent and amphiphilic drug, induces at
      sublethal doses dyslipidic storage in animals. The present work demonstrates a
      distinct intestinal pathology or "Malabsorption Syndrome" in the dog induced by
      A. Signs of intestinal pathology were observed in all animals receiving 100
      mg/kg, but not in those receiving less than 50 mg/kg, after one month. The
      malabsorption syndrome was demonstrated by a dynamic study of lipid absorption
      and pathological lesions (partial villous atrophy and the accumulation of
      macrophages with dyslipidic inclusions.

PMID- 3868339
TI  - Induction of forestomach lesions by butylhydroxyanisole and structurally related
      substances.
AB  - Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is widely used as an antioxidant in foodstuffs, in
      materials which come into contact with food and also in cosmetic products. The
      safety of BHA was questioned, however, when it was reported that in a recent
      Japanese carcinogenicity study 2% BHA in a pelleted diet caused hyperplasia,
      papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas in the forestomach of rats. In order to
      clarify whether substances with a similar chemical structure would also induce
      forestomach lesions, BHA was compared with some related chemicals in 28 day
      feeding studies. For this purpose groups of 5 to 10 Wistar rats were fed diets
      containing 2% BHA, 2% tert.-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), 2% 4-methoxyphenol, 2% 1,4
      dimethoxybenzene, 2% hydroquinone or 1% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT),
      respectively, for periods of 4 weeks. BHA treatment caused severe diffuse
      hyperplasia, acanthosis and hyperkeratosis in the forestomach mucosa which was
      most pronounced in the vicinity of the limiting ridge. In TBHQ treated animals
      brownish discolorations of the mucosa and mild hyperplasia with focally increased
      hyperplasia of basal cells were observed. In the case of p-hydroxyanisole a
      circular deep ulceration parallel to the limiting ridge occurred with hyperplasia
      and mild hyperkeratosis in the adjoining mucosa. Hydroquinone caused only mild
      hyperplastic and hyperkeratotic areas near the oesophageal entry in a few cases.
      The feeding of BHT induced no visible forestomach lesions. The strong effects of
      BHA and 4-methoxyphenol and the more or less inactivity of BHT and hydroquinone
      indicate that the methoxy group of the tested anisoles might be involved in their
      hyperplasiogenic activity.

PMID- 3868340
TI  - The effect of cyclophosphamide and vincristine on intestinal protein loss in
      rats.
AB  - 24 and 48 hours after a single intraperitoneal dose of 80 mg/kg cyclophosphamide
      (I. group) and 0.20 mg/kg vincristine (II. group) the intestinal protein loss has
      been studied using the 51CrCl3 isotope method. 16 animals were used as control
      (III. group). In case of both cytostatics, the intestinal protein loss was
      significantly higher. Histologically the small bowel mucosa, on the first day
      after injection, showed, in the crypts, necrotic cells and mitoses arrested in
      metaphase. By the second day, after injection, severe villous atrophy and
      occasional mucosal erosions were seen. The causes of these changes are discussed
      together with the question of the disrupted barrier function of the small bowel.

PMID- 3868341
TI  - The incidence of neoplasms in Syrian hamsters with particular emphasis on
      intestinal neoplasia.
AB  - The incidence of neoplasms is presented for 600 Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus
      auratus) used as controls in the evaluation of carcinogenicity of various
      experimental viral vaccines administered as a single subcutaneous injection at
      birth. Approximately 30% of the animals had neoplasms with no appreciable sex
      difference in the overall tumor incidence. The most frequent tumor types were
      those of the adrenal cortex (13.5%), the lymphoreticular system (3%), and the
      endometrium (3%). Small intestinal adenocarcinomas occurred in 0.8% of the
      animals. In this laboratory, the incidence of intestinal tumors is greater and
      more variable than that in the mouse or the rat. Furthermore, several unusual
      morphologic and biologic features of this tumor type were identified. These
      findings raise questions about the suitability of the Syrian hamster in
      carcinogenic bioassays.

PMID- 3868342
TI  - Toxicologically relevant disturbances of haemostasis.
AB  - The normal haemostatic process depends on the normal function of and regular
      interaction between the vascular wall, the plasmatic coagulation system and the
      blood platelets. The consequences of interference of chemical compounds with
      haemostasis are bleeding tendency and bleeding, thrombophilia and thrombosis or
      disseminated intravascular coagulation. Examples will illustrate that chemicals
      interfering with haemostasis have different mechanisms and sites of action.

PMID- 3868343
TI  - Effects of organic solvents on erythrocyte membrane acetylcholine esterase
      activity.
AB  - In the present study, the effects of several organic solvents on human
      erythrocyte membrane acetylcholine esterase activity were tested in vitro with
      the Ellman method. All the organic solvents studied decreased the enzyme
      activity. The effects of aromatic hydrocarbons were greater than the effects of
      chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons. The effect on membrane ACh-esterase was
      greater at low temperatures, when tested with toluene (300 ppm) and using
      incubation temperatures of +5 degrees, +15 degrees, +25 degrees and +37 degrees.
      The erythrocyte membrane was considered a suitable model for studying the
      membrane effects of organic solvents. The membrane effects may be associated with
      the narcotic potency of organic solvents.

PMID- 3868344
TI  - Changes of haemostaseological variables in carbon tetrachloride poisoning in
      rats.
AB  - On application of carbon tetrachloride to rats disturbances of haemostasis were
      observed. Antithrombin III and 4-amidinophenylpyruvic acid were found to exert a
      beneficial action on these disturbances. However, the thrombin inhibitors had no
      influence on hepatotoxicity and lethality.

PMID- 3868345
TI  - Influence of antithrombin III on carbon tetrachloride intoxication of rabbits.
AB  - Intraperitoneal application of carbon tetrachloride into rabbits caused high
      mortality due to liver damage with increase of serum transaminases, coagulation
      disorders, and decrease of antithrombin III (AT III) blood levels. Groups of
      animals were treated i.v. either with heparin (200 NIH-U/kg), AT III from human
      plasma (25 or 50 U/kg), heparin plus AT III (200 NIH-U +25 U/kg), or isotonic
      saline as control substance 6 hours after intoxication and 2 times daily during
      the following 5 days (10 applications). The therapy with saline or heparin was
      ineffective. AT III 25 U/kg and in combination with heparin showed marginal
      effects, 50 U/kg AT III resulted in increased survival rate and time, improvement
      of pathological changes of coagulation parameters and of blood urea nitrogen and
      serum creatinine levels. These experimental results confirmed clinical effects of
      AT III in acute hepatic intoxications with coagulopathy in humans.

PMID- 3868346
TI  - Reasons for monitoring kinetics in safety evaluation studies.
AB  - Studies of the toxicity of a potential new drug form the basis of its preclinical
      safety evaluation and it is important that these toxicity studies are designed
      and conducted in a rational manner to permit the reliable interpretation and
      extrapolation of the resulting data to man. It is proposed that these objectives
      are more likely to be met with the support of pharmacokinetic data. Generally,
      toxicity studies include four groups of animals, a control group and three
      treated groups receiving low, intermediate and high dose levels respectively. In
      order to assist in the proper selection of appropriate dose levels and to
      increase the usefulness of the data obtained from toxicity studies, information
      on the following should be known. Relationship between dose level and the extent
      of absorption of the test compound. Effect of repeated (chronic) doses on the
      pharmacokinetics of the test compound. Relationship between the age of the animal
      and pharmacokinetics of the test compound. Relationship between the dose regimen
      used clinically and those used in toxicity studies.

PMID- 3868347
TI  - A decision tree approach for the application of drug metabolism and kinetic
      studies to in vivo and in vitro toxicological and pharmacological testing.
AB  - The integration of toxicological and other biological findings with information
      on drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics is often very important for rational
      decision making in safety evaluation programmes. This goal is unlikely to be
      achieved by conducting a routine package of inflexibly defined drug metabolism
      and pharmacokinetic test protocols for each new chemical. Rather, an intelligent
      selection of experiments based on the known properties of a chemical is required.
      A series of decision trees are proposed which serve as an aide memoire in the
      choice of appropriate drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic experiments. These
      decision trees cover the physicochemical properties of a chemical, data on animal
      and human pharmacology and toxicology, and environmental information relevant to
      possible contamination. In many cases, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic
      factors are an important prerequisite to the design of in vitro tests that are
      relevant to the in vivo situation. A scheme is provided to assist the
      identification of appropriate conditions for the in vitro testing of individual
      chemicals.

PMID- 3868348
TI  - Theoretical aspects pertinent to the interpretation of concentration data.
AB  - Toxicological risk assessment requires knowledge of the kinetics of the test
      compound and its metabolites in the respective animal species. The toxic effects
      are dependent on the maximum, minimum, integral and mean systemic exposure as
      well as its fluctuation index at steady state. If these variables are set
      appropriately, defined toxicological hypotheses can be tested: the assessment of
      the no-effect dose level, the evaluation of the toxicological significance of
      high peak versus attenuated systemic exposure and the toxicological rating of
      species-specific metabolic pathways.

PMID- 3868349
TI  - How to identify compounds posing problems in absorption, distribution and
      elimination.
AB  - Absorption problems may be regarded mainly as compound inherent characteristics
      and are to a certain degree predictable on the basis of physicochemical
      parameters of test compounds. Problems originating from interactions of the
      compound and/or its metabolites with biological structures or processes are
      system inherent problems and can only be recognized by in vivo disposition
      studies of the compound. The examples given demonstrate clearly that preclinical
      absorption and disposition studies are of great help and in some cases even
      indispensable in planning of toxicity studies and in interpreting toxicity data.

PMID- 3868350
TI  - A questionnaire assessing the involvement of toxicologists in metabolism and
      kinetics.

PMID- 3868351
TI  - A stochastic approach in the evaluation of plasma curves with enterohepatic
      recycling.
AB  - The precision of the existing methods for evaluation of compartmental models may
      not be warranted if the plasma curve is irregular due to enterohepatic recycling
      of the substance during its elimination. In this work a new approach is proposed
      which involves the assessments of rate-constants using combined cross-sectional
      and time-series data. As (C0-Cpl) means the concentration of the drug in the
      environmental compartment, the (Formula: see text) equation is valid for the
      change in the plasma concentration level. Calculating the correlation
      coefficients (r) for the Cpl and (C0-Cpl) data-pairs from the cross-sectional
      data, in this case the time-derivatives of these correlation coefficients are
      equal to the rate constants.

PMID- 3868352
TI  - Toxicokinetics of the herbicide dichlorprop and its leucinate and their action on
      liver mixed function oxidase in rats.
AB  - The concentrations of dichlorprop and its leucine conjugate in serum and bile of
      rats have been determined at different periods after a single oral dosage of
      these compounds (30 or 300 mg/kg body weight). From the results it can be
      concluded that dichlorprop is excreted by active renal mechanisms resembling that
      described for 2,4,5-T. It is suggested that the leucinate is excreted more by the
      biliary route. Investigations of the liver demonstrate that both compounds are
      able to induce mixed function oxidases.

PMID- 3868353
TI  - Organochlorines and mercury in blood of a fish-eating population at the River
      Elbe in Schleswig-Holstein, FRG.
AB  - The blood of people living near the River Elbe who eat contaminated fish from the
      river was checked for organochlorines (n = 136): Hexachlorobenzene, HCB, the
      Hexachlorocyclohexanes beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, Octachlorostyrene, OCS, p,p-DDE and
      Mercury, Hg (n = 43). The concentrations (ng/ml blood) of OCS (less than 0.5-9.2)
      and Hg (1.1-79.2) can be attributed to fish consumption, those of the
      organochlorines--exept gamma-HCH--are related to age.

PMID- 3868354
TI  - Pesticide-drug interaction in rats.
AB  - The possible interactions between a fungicide, thiram, and some drugs acting on
      the central nervous system were investigated in rats by means of behavioral
      methods. Potentiation was found after combined treatment with thiram and
      promethazine, and after thiram and meprobamate. In the case of trihexyphenidyl,
      an additive interaction was observed. It is presumed that these observations will
      be of practical toxicological significance.

PMID- 3868355
TI  - Dithiocarbamate fungicides decrease histochemical reactivity of cholinesterases
      in the gut wall of the rat.
AB  - The toxicity of dithiocarbamate fungicides is poorly known, especially in the
      autonomic nervous system. Male Wistar rats were given tetraethylthiuramdisulfide
      (DSF), maneb, and zineb as a suspension in saline i.p. 200 mg/kg daily for 4 d.
      Rats received a similar dose of ethylenethiourea (ETU) as a solution in saline
      i.p., and the control rats received a corresponding volume of saline i.p. After
      decapitation, pieces of ileum were taken, and the enzyme histochemical reactivity
      for the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and for the nonspecific cholinesterase
      (nsChE) in the ilea of the treated and control animals was studied. The reaction
      intensities in the samples were estimated by eye using a scale from 0 (no
      reaction product) to 3+ (maximal reaction). DSF was used as an internal standard.
      Controls showed the maximal reaction for the AChE and for the nsChE. Maneb, ETU
      and zineb showed consistent decrease in the reactivity for the AChE (+ +) and for
      the nsChE (+ +). The decrease by DSF of the reactions for both the AChE (+) as
      well as for the nsChE(+) was even more pronounced indicating a possible nerve
      damage to the cholinergic innervation of rat intestine. Kinetic differences may
      explain the divergent effects between the agents studied.

PMID- 3868356
TI  - Biochemical study of muscle samples from chicken embryos affected by Wofatox 50
      EC.
AB  - On day 12 of incubation 0.4% and 4.0% aqueous emulsions of Wofatox 50 EC (50%
      methylparathion) were injected into the air space of the chicken egg. The eggs
      were opened on the day 19 of incubation and samples were obtained from both
      cervical and femoral muscles. Atrophy was found only in the cervical muscles by
      light microscopic evaluation. It is known that the inhibition of acetylcholine
      esterase causes a permanent inflow and accumulation of Ca2+ especially in the
      cervical muscle due to the increased mass and energy utilization in the last
      period before hatching. Changes in the activity of creatine kinase were expressed
      in a decreased creatine and creatine-phosphate content.

PMID- 3868357
TI  - Immunotoxicological investigation of the effects of a pesticide; cypermethrin.
AB  - The effects of a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide cypermethrin on the immune system
      were studied. The effect of a daily oral administration of 1/40, 1/20 and 1/10 of
      LD50 was studied in rabbits for its influence on the humoral immune response
      after vaccination with Salmonella typhi, as well as on cell-mediated immunity.
      The two higher doses induced a significant dose-dependent decrease of serum
      antibody titers. The skin redness measured in the tuberculin skin test showed the
      same dose-dependent tendency. In subacute experiments with rats, a significant
      dose-dependent decrease was observed both in the anti-ovalbumin titer of blood
      sera measured in passive hemagglutination test and in the autologous rosette
      formation of T-lymphocytes in groups fed the higher doses.

PMID- 3868359
TI  - Intestinal absorption of aluminium in rats.
AB  - To study the mechanism of intestinal aluminium (Al) absorption, an experimental
      investigation into the uptake of Al from the rat gut was undertaken. The small
      intestine was perfused in situ for 60 min with isotonic media containing 4.63,
      9.25, and 18.50 mmol/l Al chloride at pH 4.0 and 7.0. Portal and systemic blood
      were sampled and analysed for its Al content by flameless atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry. It was found that the intestinal absorption of Al in rats is
      concentration and pH dependent.

PMID- 3868358
TI  - Effect of some heavy metal salts on hepatic monooxygenases after subchronic
      exposure.
AB  - The effects of subchronic exposure of some heavy metal salts on the activity of
      the rat liver monooxygenases and NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation have been
      studied. The salts of Co, Cd and Zn (when given repeatedly for one month in
      subtoxic doses) shortened the duration of hexobarbital sleeping time, increased
      the activities of Ethylmorphine-N-demethylase (EMD) and Benzphetamine-N
      demethylase (BND), and the cytochrome P-450 and heme contents. The same metal
      salts increased the activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase (ALAS),
      decreased that of Heme-oxygenase and decreased NADPH-dependent lipid
      peroxidation. Whereas the salts of Co, Cd and Zn seem to exert an enzyme-inducing
      action on the mixed function oxidizing enzyme systems, the salts of Hg and Ni did
      not show such effects.

PMID- 3868360
TI  - The formation of glutathione-chromium complexes and their possible role in
      chromium disposition.
AB  - The reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by glutathione (GSH) in vitro resulted in the
      formation of two different GSH-chromium complexes with an approximate molecular
      weight of 10,000 and 5000, respectively. Both complexes exhibited strong
      fluorescence. The molar ratio between oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and chromium
      was calculated by determining the chromium content of the two isolated complex
      species by flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS).

PMID- 3868361
TI  - Long-term exposure to cadmium and cardiovascular alterations in the rabbit.
AB  - Some mechanisms regulating cardiovascular function (CF) were investigated in male
      rabbits exposed for ten months to 20 micrograms/ml of cadmium (Cd) in drinking
      water. Cd reduced cardiac inotropism (CI), increased aortic vascular resistance
      (AVR) and altered cardiovascular reactivity by acting on renin-angiotensin,
      serotonin, sympathetic and vagal parasympathetic systems. Cd levels were higher
      in the aorta than in the heart. Renal Cd content was lower than that reported as
      critical for Cd-exposed workers. Zinc (Zn) was increased only in the kidney and
      copper (Cu) was unchanged in the organs studied. It was shown that humoral,
      neurogenic and metabolic mechanisms are involved in the Cd-induced alterations of
      CF.

PMID- 3868362
TI  - The role of bile acids in the effect of ethinylestradiol on the biliary excretion
      of exogenous organic anions.
AB  - Ethinylestradiol (EE) has a cholestatic effect and decreases the biliary
      excretion of xenobiotics. In the present experiments, pretreatment with EE did
      not influence the biliary excretion of bile acids. On the other hand, the effect
      of EE on the biliary excretion of exogenous organic anions and on bile production
      was not influenced by administration of taurocholic acid (TC) or by depletion of
      bile acids by cholestyramine (CHOL). However, phenobarbital (PB) administered
      simultaneously with EE prevented the depressive effects of EE on the biliary flow
      and biliary excretion rate of rose bengal (RB). These results indicate that bile
      acids do not play an important role in the effects of EE and that changes in the
      bile salt independent fraction might be responsible for the effects of EE
      pretreatment on the biliary excretion of exogenous organic anions.

PMID- 3868363
TI  - The biliary elimination of sulfamerazin in rat and man--a comparison.
AB  - Sulfamerazin (S) was given to rats (380 mumol kg-1 body wt, i.v.) and to man (95
      mumol kg-1, orally). Bile was collected from the common bile duct in both rats
      and man (T-tube drain) for 21 and 28 hours, respectively. The calculated amount
      of S eliminated by bile was seven-times higher in the rat (8.4% of the given
      dose) than in man. This is the consequence of the higher concentration ratio bile
      to blood in the rat (0.95) compared with man (0.31) as well as of the differences
      in bile flow rate of 0.046 and 0.0082 ml min-1 kg-1 in rat and man, respectively.

PMID- 3868364
TI  - Preclinical safety studies with Temofel, a new choleretic compound.
AB  - Temofel (2,5-dimethyl-alpha-ethyl-benzhydrol) is a choleretic compound. Safety
      studies required for Phase I and II clinical trials were performed. No
      oestrogenic, antioestrogenic, androgenic or antiandrogenic effect was induced in
      infantile rats treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg. No CNS effects were induced by 50
      mg/kg in mice. No haemodynamic or respiratory changes were induced in dogs by 300
      mg/kg. In a 28-day oral toxicity study with 40, 80, 160, 320, 640 and 1280 mg/kg
      doses on Lati: CFY (SD) rats died at the 2 highest doses (640 and 1280 mg/kg).
      Large necrotic foci in the liver were found at the highest dose 1280 mg/kg. In
      rats treated with 320 mg/kg and higher doses, hepatic hyperplasia, renal tubular
      hyperplasia and protein retention in the renal cortex were observed. Testicular
      atrophy, damaged spermiogenesis, spermiohistogenesis and regulative Leydig-cell
      hyperplasia were induced by 640 and 1280 mg/kg. In a 28-day study on Velz: BEAGLE
      dogs with daily doses of 40, 120 and 360 mg/kg sporadically increased SAP
      activity occurred at the high dose. In a 6-month study rats were fed 400, 2000
      and 10000 ppm Temofel. Growth was retarded in the medium and high dose group, no
      sperm could be seen in the urinary sediment of the high dose group. Testicular
      atrophy, complete lack of spermiogenesis, spermiohistogenesis occurred in this
      group. In contrast to the administration of 1280 mg/kg for 28 days by gavage, no
      hepatic or renal changes were induced by 10000 ppm consumed for 6 months. A 6
      month canine study with 40, 120 and 360 mg/kg doses revealed sporadic SAP
      increase at the high dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3868365
TI  - Increased response of cytochrome P-450 dependent biotransformation reactions in
      rat liver to repeated administration of inducers.
AB  - A single intraperitoneal administration of 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC) or beta
      naphthoflavone (BNF) increased aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and 7
      ethoxyresorufin 0-deethylase (EROD) activities. Following a second administration
      of both inducers 3-4 weeks later, the extent of induction was considerably
      greater. Such a "booster"-phenomenon was also observed with different cytochrome
      P-450 (P-450)-dependent N-demethylation reactions after repeated phenobarbital
      (PB) administrations. Again the P-450 content was higher than after a single PB
      administration.

PMID- 3868366
TI  - Influence of pyrazolones on hepatic glutathione in rats.
AB  - Aminophenazone, phenazone, propyphenazone, and paracetamol given to female Wistar
      rats in a dose of 3 mmol/kg decrease the GSH content in the liver by 24, 18, 58,
      and 24 per cent, respectively. After the repeated administration (5 days) only
      aminophenazone depletes the hepatic GSH. The pretreatment with phenobarbital or
      cobaltous chloride has an influence only on the effect of propyphenazone.
      Hepatotoxins cause more extensive hepatotoxic alterations than the drugs
      investigated, however, their influence on the hepatic GSH level is negligible.
      Therefore it can be concluded that a temporary GSH depletion is not always linked
      with a hepatotoxic effect.

PMID- 3868367
TI  - Possible adrenal involvement in hydroxyurea toxicity defense mechanisms.
AB  - Changes in blood biochemistry, resembling adrenocortical hyperfunction, induced
      by oral administration with hydroxyurea (HYD) at a dosage of 800 mg/Kg/d for 5
      days (K+ and total protein decrease, total cholesterol increase) are not modified
      or enhanced (total protein) by adrenalectomy. Adrenalectomy dramatically enhanced
      the decrease of WBC and neutrophils normally induced by HYD. Replacement therapy
      with corticosterone attenuated and/or delayed the above changes. Normally
      functioning adrenocortical tissue may play a role in protection against HYD
      haematological toxicity in the rat and the drug-induced hypothalamus pituitary
      mediated adrenocortical activation seems to represent a mechanism capable of
      counteracting drug toxicity.

PMID- 3868368
TI  - Replacement therapy against increased hydroxyurea toxicity in pituitary or
      adrenal ablated rats.
AB  - The main rat adrenocortical hormone, corticosterone, the mineralocorticoid, 11
      deoxycorticosterone (DCA) acetate given alone or together (2:1 ratio) twice daily
      at doses of 2-4 and 1-8 mg/kg, DCA enanthate given in a single injection of 20
      mg/kg 0-3 days before the beginning of the experiments and a highly-concentrated
      injectable extract of the adrenal cortex (4 mg/kg as hydrocortisone twice a day)
      given by the intramuscular route, delay and partially protect against the
      increased toxicity following administration of the anticancer drug, hydroxyurea
      (800 mg/kg/day for 5 days) in adrenalectomized or hypophysectomized animals (80
      100% lethality; in control non ablated rats 0-10% lethality). ACTH1-24
      (tetracosactide) also proved effective in pituitary ablated rats. The best
      protection was afforded with the joint administration of corticosterone and DCA
      (2-4 and 1-2 mg/kg twice a day) or with corticosterone alone at doses (4 mg/kg
      twice a day) capable of giving plasma levels, six hours after administration on
      the third day, similar to those observed in non ablated rats receiving HYD in the
      morning. The adrenocortical hormones may replace a possible unique defense
      mechanism against drug toxicity, which is lacking in pituitary or adrenal ablated
      rats.

PMID- 3868369
TI  - Testicular toxicity of antineoplastic drugs during postnatal development of the
      rat.
AB  - A multidisciplinary approach was chosen to assess effects of anticancer drugs on
      the postnatally developing reproductive system. Male rats were treated once with
      doxorubicin (3 mg/kg bw i. p.) on either postnatal day 6, 16, 24, or 45. Mating
      studies, sperm counts, estimation of androgen binding protein and assessment of
      pathological parameters were performed at the time of onset of reproductive
      capacity of the controls and for 12 weeks thereafter. Male reproductive toxicity
      of doxorubicin was clearly dependent on the age at the time of treatment, being
      greatest for 6 day old animals and absent for 45 day old animals.

PMID- 3868370
TI  - Serum enzymes in toxicity of trichloroethylene after subchronic ethanol
      pretreatment.
AB  - In order to establish evidence of serum enzyme activities in toxicological long
      term experiments alterations of alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and aspartate
      aminotransferase (ASAT) in the serum of rats were investigated after subchronic
      ethanol pretreatment and following trichloroethylene exposure. Somewhat lower
      enzyme activities were found in ethanol treated animals than in those who only
      got water in nearly all cases. Significant ALAT and ASAT decreases occurred after
      giving higher ethanol concentrations (5% and 10%, v/v) for 30 weeks. It is
      possible that this fact among other things could be responsible for the only
      slight enzyme elevations after trichloroethylene in long-term ethanol pretreated
      rats.

PMID- 3868371
TI  - Oral intake of a toluene-containing thinner. Effects and headspace gas
      chromatographic analytical diagnosis.
AB  - After an accidental oral intake of a paint thinner, the constituents were
      identified in stomach content using headspace gas chromatography. The composition
      indicated ingestion of a commonly used thinner containing 60-70% toluene, 20-25%
      n-butylacetate and 10-15% of ethanol. A toluene concentration of 22.0 mg/kg was
      measured in serum in contrast to n-butylacetate which was not detected. Ethanol
      concentration was 1.85 g/kg, most of this was due to ethanol ingestion before the
      intake of thinner. The half life of toluene in serum was 8.5 h initially, which
      increased to 14 h after 19 h. An effect on liver function was demonstrated by
      increased activity of serum transaminases. Compared with the upper normal limits
      ASAT and ALAT were increased by 6 and 2.5 times, respectively. For both
      parameters the highest activity was seen 40 hours after admission and normal
      levels were achieved after 7 days. It is concluded that toluene is readily
      absorbed by ingestion of toluene-containing thinners, and that the function of
      the human liver is transiently affected. For screening purposes gas
      chromatography proved to be a useful method for the analytical diagnosis in cases
      of organic solvent intoxication. The use of the headspace technique further
      improved the speed of analysis and eliminated contamination of the gas
      chromatographic system.

PMID- 3868372
TI  - Circulating steroids in male rats following inhalation of n-alcohols.
AB  - The effect of inhaled methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol on male
      reproductive function as measured by the serum concentration of circulating T
      (testosterone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) has been investigated. The animals
      were exposed to concentrations of these alcohols equal to the current threshold
      limit values in industry (methanol: 200 ppm, ethanol: 1000 ppm, n-propanol, n
      butanol: 50 ppm) 6 h a day for up to 1 week. A significant depression in the
      concentration of circulating T was found after the first 6 h exposure to the
      respective alcohols with restoration after a recovery period of 18 h, except in
      rats exposed to n-butanol where a depression of 48% could still measured. The
      concentration of LH was within the normal range in all experimental groups
      whereas corticosterone was increased after exposure to n-butanol. Exposure for 1
      week was not associated with any significant inability of the rat testis to
      produce T.

PMID- 3868373
TI  - On the embryotoxic effects of benzene and its alkyl derivatives in mice, rats and
      rabbits.
AB  - Groups of CFY rats were exposed to inhalation of ethylbenzene at 600, 1200 or
      2400 mg/m3 or xylene at 250, 1900 or 3400 mg/m3 or Aromatol at 500, 1000 or 2000
      mg/m3 atmospheric concentration for 24 h/day from day 7 to day 15 of pregnancy,
      or for 2-4 hours only on the 18th or 20th day of gestation. CFLP mice and NZ
      rabbits were exposed to inhalation of 500 mg/m3 or 1000 mg/m3 benzene, toluene,
      ortho-, meta-, para-xylene, ethylbenzene, xylene or Aromatol for 24 h/day from
      day 6 to day 15 of pregnancy. Untreated animals and groups inhaling pure air
      served as controls. All components of the xylene and Aromatol crossed the
      placenta and were present in fetal blood and amniotic fluid, as well. The
      maternal toxic effects at all solvents were moderate and dose dependent. All
      solvents (at higher concentrations) brought about skeletal and weight retardation
      in fetuses of rats and mice. At highest concentration some solvents increased the
      post-implantation loss in rats and mice. All solvents caused spontaneous abortion
      in rabbits at 1000 mg/m3 atmospheric concentration. Only ethylbenzene and
      Aromatol increased the malformation rate in rats and mice. No other solvent
      applied proved to be teratogenic either in mice, rats or rabbits.

PMID- 3868374
TI  - Grip strength test and infrared thermometry as non-invasive methods to complement
      acute toxicity data in mice.
AB  - Acute toxicity testing in-vivo seeks a new approach minimising the number of
      animals used and increasing the number of quantitative and qualitative
      observations. The measurement of grip strength of mice (forelimbs), a classical
      tool for the evaluation of muscular force and the emitted heat measurement, as a
      tool for evaluation of basic metabolism, have been used. The aim of acute
      toxicity was, up to now, to determine LD50 level or eventually a minimal lethal
      dose. These non-invasive tests give an idea of general health condition and allow
      the determination of the minimal toxic dose while in the search for the minimal
      lethal dose. A computer-assisted grip strength test and an infrared thermometry
      test have been developed and calibrated with Na+ pentobarbital, theophylline and
      diazepam given once orally or intraperitoneally to 10 male NMRI (MAI) mice/dose.
      The tests were performed within one hour after administration and daily until the
      values of the surviving animals went back to normal. Dose-response curves were
      obtained and plotted against control animals (n = 10). Oral and intraperitoneal
      administration in ascending doses of Na+-pentobarbital, theophylline and diazepam
      (i.p. only) up to the lethal level have a parallel influence on grip strength and
      heat emission; the correlation with mortality is clear for Na+-pentobarbital and
      diazepam but not for theophylline.

PMID- 3868375
TI  - Behavioural effects of prenatal exposure to carbon disulphide and to aromatol in
      rats.
AB  - The neurotoxic effects of prenatal organosolvent inhalation were studied in rats,
      because of the expectation that a developing organism may be more sensitive than
      the adult to the induction of functional deficits. The aim was to determine
      whether prenatal exposure to the new organosolvent mixture, Aromatol, and the
      well known neurotoxic carbon disulphide, would impair reflex ontogeny or produce
      neurobehavioural dysfunctions in the offspring. Development of gait, motor
      coordination, and activity, avoidance learning and swimming were tested in the
      offspring of CFY rat mothers, exposed to CS2 inhalation (0, less than 10, 700 and
      2000 mg/m3) and to Aromatol (0, 600, 1000 and 2000 mg/m3) on days 7-15 gestation.
      Prenatal CS2 inhalation induced dose related perinatal mortality of pups. Eye
      opening and the auditory startle were retarded. There were immature gait, motor
      incoordination, diminished open field activity and altered behavioural patterns
      on day 21 and 36 but they were nearly age-appropriate on day 90. As signs of
      disturbed learning ability, there were diminished performance and lengthened
      latency of the conditioned avoidance response, related to the concentrations
      administered. Contrary to expectations, prenatal Aromatol inhalation had no
      effect on maturation of gait, behaviour patterns, or learning ability.

PMID- 3868376
TI  - Metabolic fate and cardiovascular effects of arsenic in rats and rabbits
      chronically exposed to trivalent and pentavalent arsenic.
AB  - Male rats and female rabbits exposed for eighteen and ten months, respectively,
      to 50 micrograms/ml of trivalent arsenic (As III) in drinking water showed
      reduction of stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) and increase of vascular
      resistance (VR), while no cardiovascular change was observed in male rats
      receiving 50 micrograms/ml of pentavalent arsenic (As V) for eighteen months. The
      exposed animals showed specific alterations in some neurohumoral and effector
      mechanisms regulating cardiovascular function (CF). Elevated levels of urinary As
      were found in all treated groups. However, there were significant differences in
      the urinary levels of dimethylarsenic acid (DMA), monomethylarsenic acid (MMA)
      and inorganic As, which depended on both animal species and the valency state of
      As. Thus, As(III) was methylated to a greater extent than As(V) in rats, with
      less elimination of inorganic As, while rabbits had a lower capacity to methylate
      As and to retain As in tissues than rats. Either cardiovascular effects or
      metabolism of As seemed to depend on its valency state and animal species.

PMID- 3868377
TI  - On the safety evaluation of extracts from synthetic polymers used in medicine.
AB  - The methods of oscillographic polarography and pulse differential polarography
      were used to test the release of some contaminating substances from
      polyvinylchloride (PVC) during autoclaving of water suspensions. The
      polarographic technique was able to detect in some extracts the presence of
      several contaminants, while the other PVC preparations did not release such
      substances. However the chemical nature of the contaminating substances has not
      been elucidated, the methods can serve as a screening method to detect heavy
      polymer contamination.

PMID- 3868378
TI  - Analysis of cataract and keratotic damage induced by 4-diethylaminoethoxy-alpha
      ethyl-benzhydrol (RGH-6201) in rats.
AB  - RGH-6201 (4-diethylaminoethoxy-alpha-ethyl-benzhydrol) in the first dose-range
      finding study on rats produced severe, irreversible ophthalmic damage. The
      underlying mechanism was studied in a series of experiments with daily doses of
      50, 100 and 200 mg/kg in rats by gavage. Lenticular damage appeared as a moderate
      nuclear degeneration during Week 4 of treatment with 50 mg/kg RGH-6201. This
      could be detected in the isolated eye and in histological examination but not by
      ophthalmoscopy. Keratitis and iridocyclitis developed about the 2nd week of
      treatment followed by epithelial proliferation in the lens under the anterior
      capsule in the higher dose groups. Nuclear and total cataract developed from the
      2nd week on in the 200 mg/kg group and from the 3rd week on in the 100 mg/kg
      group. Further gross pathological changes in the high dose group were
      characterized by marked hairloss, desquamation in the cardiac region of the
      stomach and diarrhoea. It has to be emphasized that fine lenticular changes were
      unrelated to keratitis and iridocyclitis. Since other benzhydrol derivatives such
      as 2,5-dimethyl-alpha-ethylbenzhydrol and 3-trifluoro-methyl-alpha-ethyl
      benzhydrol do not induce similar changes, the diethyl-amino-ethoxy group was
      assumed to be the toxic part of the molecule. Intravenous studies with equimolar
      doses of diethyl-aminoethanol revealed no similar symptoms.

PMID- 3868379
TI  - Prediction of toxicity using quantitative structure-activity relationships.
AB  - The relationships between toxicity and physicochemical indices of derivates of
      four chemical groups: of phenol, benzene, aniline and aliphatic amine were
      studied. Using the Hansch model the feasibility of using the octanol/water
      partition coefficient, electronic and steric constants was estimated. The acute
      lethal doses and no effect levels for rats were found not to be predictable using
      these parameters. The molecular connectivity indices, which describe the topology
      of the molecular structure have shown a closer relationship to toxicity, than the
      physicochemical parameters. The application of both physicochemical and molecular
      connectivity indices provided the best correlations and has been recommended for
      prediction of toxicological parameters.

PMID- 3868380
TI  - In vivo formation of a carcinogenic substance from diethyl pyrocarbonate in the
      presence of ammonia.
AB  - Mice of different strains have been treated repeatedly with diethyl pyrocarbonate
      (DEPC) and/or ammonia by gastric tube. In adult mice treated with DEPC plus
      ammonia, pulmonary tumours developed. However, DEPC or ammonia alone proved not
      to have any carcinogenic effect. When DEPC administration was followed by ammonia
      treatment more pulmonary tumours developed than in the case of ammonia-DEPC
      sequence. The shorter the time interval between DEPC and ammonia administrations
      the higher the number of lung tumours observed. Pulmonary tumours could not be
      observed in the offspring of pregnant mice treated with DEPC and ammonia or in
      suckling mice whose mother was treated with DEPC and ammonia. In gastric juice a
      new substance is formed from DEPC in the presence of ammonia. This new substance
      was very similar or identical to urethane according to the thin layer
      chromatographic investigation.

PMID- 3868381
TI  - Preclinical toxicity studies with two thymopoietin-like peptides.
AB  - Differentiation of T-lymphocytes is regulated by thymopoietin, a 49 amino acid
      polypeptide chain. The site of immunological activity is in the 32-36 (Arg-Lys
      Asp-Val-Tyr) fragment. This pentapeptide can be reduced to a tetrapeptide (RGH
      0206: Arg-Lys-Asp-Val) and further to a tripeptide (RGH-0205: Arg-Lys-Asp) which
      still retains immunological activity. To prepare Phase I and II clinical trials
      preclinical toxicity studies were duly performed. Mice, rats and dogs tolerated a
      single 1000 mg/kg dose i.v. without any symptom. In a 14-day i.v. test on
      Lati:Han:WISTAR rats daily doses of 10,25, 62.5, 150, 400 and 1000 mg/kg of
      either test compound were tolerated without symptom or damage. In a 28-day i.v.
      toxicity test on Wobe:BEAGLE dogs given daily doses of 6, 20 and 60 mg/kg of
      either test compound, no adverse reaction occurred. The low toxicity of both RGH
      0205 and RGH-0206 are probably attributable to their short half-life, as half
      life of the pentapeptide fraction is less than 30 sec in humans. It was concluded
      that the planned clinical dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. was safe for both peptides for
      short-term administration.

PMID- 3868383
TI  - Species differences in carcinogenicity and peroxisome proliferation due to
      trichloroethylene: a biochemical human hazard assessment.
AB  - Trichloroethylene (TRI) administered to mice by gavage for 10 consecutive days at
      doses of 50-2000 mg/kg body weight elicited dose-dependent increases (up to 700%
      of control values) of hepatic cyanide insensitive palmitoyl CoA oxidation (a
      marker of peroxisomal beta-oxidation). No effect was seen on catalase; the other
      peroxisomal marker examined. Similar experiments with rats demonstrated no effect
      of TRI on either cyanide insensitive palmitoyl CoA oxidation or catalase. A major
      metabolite of TRI, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) when administered by gavage for 10
      consecutive days at doses of 10-200 mg/kg body weight, stimulated hepatic cyanide
      insensitive palmitoyl CoA oxidation in both mice (up to 500% of control) and rats
      (up to 650% of control). Again, no effect upon catalase activity was apparent.
      The kinetics of biotransformation of TRI to TCA in isolated hepatocytes was
      markedly species dependent. The 'intrinsic clearance' values (Vmax/Km) for TRI in
      mouse, rat and human hepatocytes were 3.8 X 10(-6), 1.2 X 10(-7) and 3.25 X 10(
      8) L/min/10(6) cells respectively. TCA induced peroxisomal beta-oxidation in
      mouse and rat hepatocytes, but had no effect upon this enzyme activity in
      cultured human hepatocytes. It is postulated that the species difference in
      hepatocarcinogenicity of TRI (mouse positive; rat negative) is due to species
      differences in peroxisome proliferation which in turn is a result of differences
      in the rate of formation of TCA from TRI. On this basis it is proposed that TRI
      presents no significant human hepatocarcinogenic hazard since, human hepatocytes
      produced TCA at a rate even lower than that of the rat, and TCA was not a
      peroxisome proliferator in human hepatocytes.

PMID- 3868382
TI  - Toxicity of the alkylating agent bendamustin.
AB  - In acute toxicity studies the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), the LD50 and the
      LD100 of Bendamustin were determined in rats and mice after i.v. and oral
      administration. In a subchronic study male rats were given Bendamustin for 28
      days at oral dose levels of 5, 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg/day. Chlorambucil was used as a
      standard at dose levels of 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg/day. Bodyweight gain, food and water
      intake, hematology, clinical chemistry and histopathology were evaluated. With
      quantitative differences the main target organs for both compounds were the bone
      marrow, the kidney, the intestine and the lymphatic system. Additionally,
      Chlorambucil caused a significant atrophy of the testes and a slight atrophy of
      the pancreas at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day. In conclusion, the data obtained may be
      used as a base to evaluate the therapeutic range of Bendamustin compared to
      Chlorambucil for the oral route.

PMID- 3868384
TI  - Brain glucocorticoid receptors and their role in behavioural teratogenicity of
      synthetic glucocorticoids.
AB  - The distribution of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in rat brain during development
      (postnatal days 3-16) was investigated and the prevalence of GR number was found
      in the cerebellum, the fastest growing part of perinatal brain. Dexamethasone (D)
      administration (0.04-3 mg . kg-1 s.c.) in 7-day-old rats induced dose-dependent
      depletion of brain cytosol GR with a 70% depletion after the smallest dose. Long
      term effects of this GR mediated insult (D 1.0 and 0.2 mg . kg-1 s.c.) manifested
      themselves in adult rats as structural and biochemical brain deviations
      (especially in the cerebellum and hippocampus), behavioural abnormalities and
      reproduction disturbances. These sequels were detectable after D doses equal to
      clinical dosage in obstetrics and neonatology (0.2-0.6 mg . kg-1).

PMID- 3868385
TI  - Intestinal excretion of toxic substances.
AB  - Chemicals can be eliminated from body via feces by two major mechanisms, namely
      biliary and intestinal excretion. The relative importance of these processes in
      the elimination of a highly lipophilic xenobiotic such as hexachlorobenzene (HCB)
      has been studied. It has been demonstrated that fecal (90%) rather than urinary
      (10%) excretion is the major route of elimination of HCB in most species. It has
      been shown also that the bile of HCB dosed animals contained HCB metabolites only
      whereas fecal excretion consisted primarily of the parent compound. These
      findings suggested that the bile could not be the source of fecal HCB. Indeed,
      bile duct ligation in rats increased rather than decreased the fecal excretion of
      HCB. Experiments in rhesus monkeys with complete biliary bypass confirmed the
      conclusion that the source of fecal HCB is not the bile, suggesting that most of
      the fecal HCB originated from intestinal excretion. Exfoliation of intestinal
      epithelium and exudation across the intestinal mucosa are the two major
      nonbiliary mechanisms whereby xenobiotics can enter the intestinal lumen. The
      contribution of desquamation and exudation to fecal excretion of HCB was
      estimated in jejunectomized and hemicolectomized rats. Removal of 50% of the
      jejunum did not influence fecal excretion of HCB, whereas excision of 50% of the
      large intestine reduced it by 40%. These data suggest that the source of fecal
      HCB is nonbiliary, intestinal transfer (exudation) from blood into the intestinal
      contents, which occurs primarily in the large intestine. Fecal elimination of HCB
      is significantly enhanced by dietary treatments with mineral oil or
      hexadecane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3868386
TI  - Biochemical changes of intestinal epithelial cells induced by cytostatic agents
      in rats.
AB  - In the intestinal epithelium the rapidly proliferating crypt cells, the
      precursors of the mature enterocytes are extremely sensitive to the effects of
      cytostatic agents. The symptoms of intestinal impairment: nausea, vomiting,
      diarrhea, ulceration, are well known both in clinical practice and in
      experimental chemotherapy. To obtain information about the biochemical nature of
      these side effects, a study was performed by investigating the influence of
      clinically used alkylating hexitol derivatives, dianhydrogalactitol and diacetyl
      dianhydrogalactitol, on rat intestinal mucosa cells. The biochemical parameters
      were investigated in isolated intestinal mucosa cells. Cell proliferation was
      characterized by measuring the activity of thymidine kinase, while digestion was
      evaluated by assaying the alkaline phosphatase, sucrase and maltase activities
      localized in the brush border membrane of the villus cells. The dose response
      studies of the different enzyme activities indicated that inhibition in all cases
      was dose dependent. The nadir of the intestinal damage and the time of
      regeneration were influenced both by the dose and the dosage schedule of the
      drugs.

PMID- 3868387
TI  - An assessment of radiographic methods for the investigation of temporomandibular
      joint morphology and pathology.

PMID- 3868388
TI  - Morbidity following day-stay dental anaesthesia.

PMID- 3868389
TI  - Glass ionomer cements: dispensing and strength.

PMID- 3868390
TI  - Traumatized anterior teeth amongst high school students in northern Sydney.

PMID- 3868391
TI  - Molar size sequence in a mixed population from Santo Domingo.

PMID- 3868392
TI  - Eagle Beak molar forceps: evolution and usage.

PMID- 3868393
TI  - A simplified periodontal examination for dental practices. Based on the Community
      Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs--CPITN.

PMID- 3868395
TI  - Repetition strain injury--fluoridation.

PMID- 3868394
TI  - Fluoridation reduces osteoporosis.

PMID- 3868396
TI  - Oral fibrous hyperplasias and the giant cell fibroma.

PMID- 3868397
TI  - Urinary fluoride levels in South Australian pre-school children in summer and
      winter.

PMID- 3868398
TI  - Projected grid facial photography.

PMID- 3868399
TI  - A jaw exerciser for fibrous ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint.

PMID- 3868400
TI  - A case: control study of oro-facial clefts in Western Australia.

PMID- 3868401
TI  - National Health and Medical Research Council. Report of Working Party on
      fluorides in the control of dental caries. November, 1985.

PMID- 3868402
TI  - Neurotrauma on two wheels.

PMID- 3868403
TI  - Obstructive jaundice in a referral unit: surgical practice and risk factors.
AB  - A series of 46 consecutive patients with obstructive jaundice have been referred
      to a surgical unit with a special interest in hepatobiliary surgery. The cases
      were evenly divided between benign and malignant causes. The hospital mortality
      was 13% (six cases), and the mortality was also evenly divided between the two
      subgroups. A scoring system has been devised to rate 12 easily measured clinical
      and pathological parameters, and a regression analysis used to measure the
      contribution made by each parameter to hospital morbidity and mortality and to
      later mortality over a 5 year period. Previous bile duct trauma and liver damage
      were the major determinants of hospital morbidity, while bile duct trauma, liver
      disease, acute pancreatitis and increasing age were the significant determinants
      of hospital mortality. Malignancy and cirrhosis determined late mortality. A plea
      is made for the early referral of high risk patients to specialized units,
      particularly when bile duct trauma is involved.

PMID- 3868404
TI  - Bile duct obstruction by villous papilloma of duodenum.
AB  - Two cases of peri-ampullary villous adenomas involving the common bile duct are
      reported. The pathology of benign duodenal tumours is discussed, and the
      possibility of common bile duct involvement, albeit uncommon, is stressed.
      Obtaining an endoscopic histologic diagnosis is important in planning appropriate
      operative treatment. Although benign, these tumours should be removed; they are a
      cause of serious symptoms and have proven premalignant potential. Endoscopic
      removal is usually not possible. Endoscopy for dyspepsia should include
      examination of the second part of duodenum, to avoid overlooking duodenal
      tumours.

PMID- 3868405
TI  - Surgical approaches in primary sclerosing cholangitis.
AB  - Primary sclerosing cholangitis is an uncommon condition, generally considered to
      carry a poor prognosis. Based on the distribution of the biliary strictures,
      treatment groups can be defined. Those patients with localized hilar or
      predominantly extrahepatic strictures are most likely to be suitable for biliary
      enteric bypass and the use of surgical techniques developed for the management of
      high bile duct strictures are allowing improvement in the results of surgery in
      this form of the disease. After 3 months to 3 years follow-up (median 16 months)
      nine of 12 patients treated by surgical biliary decompression are asymptomatic.

PMID- 3868406
TI  - Choledochal cyst--a review of 25 cases.
AB  - Twenty-five cases of choledochal cysts operated at the University Hospital
      between 1969 and 1981 were reviewed. Nineteen of the patients were females. An
      accurate pre-operative diagnosis of choledochal cyst was made in 10 patients
      (40%). We have found the 99Tcm-diethyl-IDA (EHIDA) scan to be the safest and most
      sensitive diagnostic tool. In recent years excision has been performed whenever
      possible in view of reports of malignancy developing in the cyst wall. It has a
      lower morbidity and re-operation rate compared to internal drainage. In excision
      we advise the use of a cuff of the cyst wall for a wider anastomosis. As the
      biliary tract shrinks and retracts into the porta following excision of the cyst,
      stricture formation may still occur despite a wide anastomosis.

PMID- 3868407
TI  - Hepatic haemobilia: non-operative management in eight cases.
AB  - Eight cases of major haemobilia have been seen by the Surgical Hepatobiliary
      service at Westmead Hospital between 1979 and 1984. Two occurred following blunt
      abdominal trauma, three after percutaneous biliary drainage or liver biopsy, two
      in association with postoperative haemorrhagic pancreatitis and one because of an
      abscess complicating hepatic hydatid disease. Coeliac and superior mesenteric
      angiography were carried out in all patients, and false aneurysms were
      demonstrated in seven of the eight. A marked coagulopathy was present in the
      remaining patient, in whom bleeding stopped without intervention when the
      coagulopathy was reversed. Those with false aneurysms were treated by
      radiologically controlled transarterial embolization with gelfoam, acrylate or
      Gianturco coils, and bleeding was controlled in all. There was one death from
      overwhelming sepsis in the patient with the hepatic abscess. It is concluded that
      percutaneous radiologically controlled embolization is the treatment of choice
      for most cases of haemobilia, except when there is major hepatic sepsis.

PMID- 3868408
TI  - High serum levels of alkaline phosphatase are associated with cancer in
      cholestatic jaundice.
AB  - In a prospective study of liver function tests in cholestatic jaundice, the
      median serum level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in 129 patients with cancer
      involving extrahepatic ducts and liver (556 IU/1) was significantly higher (P
      less than 0.001) than that in 121 patients without cancer (264 IU/1). Of patients
      with an ALP level of greater than 10 X N, 88% had cancer whereas serum levels of
      ALP of less than 3 X N were observed in only 9% of patients with cancer but in
      45% of those without cancer, most of whom had bile duct stones. A high serum
      level of ALP is associated with cancer involving extrahepatic ducts and liver.

PMID- 3868409
TI  - The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: a review of the St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne
      experience.
AB  - Eight cases of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome were diagnosed at St Vincent's
      Hospital in the period 1966-84. Although a rare tumour, its true incidence is
      almost certainly greater than the number of cases represented in this series. The
      Zollinger-Ellison syndrome should be suspected in all cases of recurrent peptic
      ulceration, in cases of peptic oesophagitis not responding to medical treatment,
      in some cases of diarrhoea and in those cases of peptic ulceration associated
      with hypercalcaemia. Rarely the gastrinoma may first present as a mass in the
      head of the pancreas causing obstructive jaundice. Diagnosis has been made easier
      by estimation of fasting serum gastrins and the use of the secretin test.
      Localization is difficult. The treatment of the condition remains contentious. In
      those cases shown to be harbouring a so-called solitary gastrinoma, laparotomy
      should be performed with a view to resection. If the gastrinoma cannot be
      localized then it is reasonable to use H2 blocking agents to control
      hypersecretion. The presence of hypercalcaemia due to hyperparathyroidism must be
      controlled by parathyroidectomy. Total gastrectomy is reserved for those few
      cases who for one reason or another are not controlled by adequate H2 blocking
      therapy. In the presence of malignant gastrinoma with metastatic disease,
      hypersecretion is controlled by the use of H2 blocking agents. In this group
      cytotoxic chemotherapy may be used in an attempt to control the mass effects of
      the tumour.

PMID- 3868410
TI  - Phaeochromocytoma: a review of the St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne experience
      (1969-84) and of recent advances in management.
AB  - Phaeochromocytoma is an unusual tumour which is eminently curable by surgical
      means. It is difficult to diagnose clinically because it mimics other illnesses.
      The clinical features of 13 cases of phaeochromocytoma diagnosed at St Vincent's
      Hospital, Melbourne, between 1969 and 1984 are briefly described. This review
      emphasizes the several major improvements in both diagnostic and localizing tests
      which have occurred over the 16 year period of the series. These include the
      clonidine suppression test and plasma and urine catecholamine estimations in
      diagnosis and techniques such as CT scanning and the I131-meta-iodobenzyl
      guanidine scan used for localization of the tumour. Careful pre-operative
      preparation, based on adequate alpha blockade and intra-operative monitoring, is
      essential for the safe and successful removal of the tumour, which was eventually
      accomplished for all 12 cases in which removal was attempted. However, the most
      important step in the diagnosis and treatment of phaeochromocytoma is the initial
      consideration of the diagnosis. This step depends on the level of awareness of
      the disorder amongst clinicians.

PMID- 3868411
TI  - Phaeochromocytoma in Queensland--1970-83.
AB  - A statewide survey was conducted in Queensland to record all cases of
      phaeochromocytoma between the years of 1970 and 1983 inclusive. There were 46
      cases giving an incidence of 1.55/million population per year. Twenty-nine
      patients (63%) were successfully treated while 10 patients (22%) died of the
      tumour effects. Seven cases (15%) were found incidentally at autopsy, though at
      least one showed diagnostic clinical features before death. Five patients (11%)
      had extra adrenal phaeochromocytoma, five patients (11%) had multiple tumours,
      four patients (9%) had multiple endocrine neoplasia and three patients (7%) had
      clinically malignant tumours. Of 13 patients suffering a major adrenergic crisis
      only six survived. Five patients with unsuspected phaeochromocytoma suffered
      crisis under anaesthesia and only one survived. Only one of the patients dying of
      benign phaeochromocytoma had adequate ante mortem adrenergic blockade. Of all
      patients in the series 35% were not diagnosed in life.

PMID- 3868412
TI  - Injury profile of pedal and motor cyclist casualties in Victoria.
AB  - The injury profiles of 512 pedal and 667 motor cyclist casualties managed during
      1977-80 at four Melbourne teaching hospitals have been analysed using the
      Abbreviated Injury Scale (1980 revision). Additional comparison has been made
      between cyclist casualties involved in collisions with another vehicle, in single
      vehicle accidents and between casualties aged 17 years or more. Pedal cyclist
      casualties sustained significantly more frequent and severe head injury although
      the maximum level of injury to any part of the body (maximum abbreviated injury
      score) was, with the exception of casualties involved in single vehicle
      accidents, significantly greater in motor cyclist casualties. Head injury
      occurred in 59% of pedal and 26% of motor cyclist casualties (P less than 0.001);
      severe head injuries occurred in 9% and 4%, correspondingly. These differences
      may be explained, at least in part, by the fact that virtually all motor cyclists
      were protected by safety helmets whereas few pedal cyclists were similarly
      protected. The following countermeasures are recommended: effective promotion of
      approved safety helmet wearing in all schools; bulk purchase of helmets through
      the Ministry of Education for low cost distribution; a Government subsidy to
      reduce the costs of helmet purchase; legislation for compulsory wearing of
      approved safety helmets by pedal cyclists.

PMID- 3868413
TI  - Splenectomy for massive splenomegaly.
AB  - The technique, and short and long term results, of splenectomy for massive
      splenomegaly are presented. The latter was defined as a spleen weighing in excess
      of 1.5 kg. Thirty-five of the 38 patients had a serious haematological disorder
      as the indication for the operation, usually non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or
      myelofibrosis. All operations were carried out through abdominal incisions.
      Accessible splenic attachments were divided, and the splenic artery was ligated
      in continuity, prior to posterior mobilization. Two patients (5.3%) died as a
      result of the operation, both deaths being due to sepsis. Septic and thrombo
      embolic complications were common, and occurred both early and late after the
      operation. Overall, eight of the 12 deaths during the first postoperative year
      were due to the primary disease, whereas all of the five deaths after that time
      were due to causes other than the primary disease. Twenty-four patients lived at
      least 1 year, and 10 patients are alive for more than 5 years.

PMID- 3868414
TI  - A puborectal sling in the management of anal incontinence and rectal prolapse.
AB  - A review is presented of 11 years experience in the use of a synthetic puborectal
      sling in the treatment of rectal prolapse and faecal incontinence. This perineal
      approach operation has been performed on 24 patients from 1973 to 1984. In over
      60% of the patients rectal prolapse and anal incontinence were controlled.

PMID- 3868415
TI  - Volar approach and screw fixation technique for fractures and non-unions of the
      carpal scaphoid.
AB  - Delayed or non-union of the carpal scaphoid may be treated in a variety of ways.
      This article describes the operative technique and clinical results of a volar
      approach and screw fixation technique, which offers distinct advantages over
      other approaches. The volar approach to the scaphoid is simple, safe and rapid.
      It allows access to the fracture for fixation, the radioscaphoid joint for
      assessment and the distal radius for the procurement of a bone graft where
      necessary. Access to the volar aspect of the scaphoid is also biomechanically
      sound as it allows insertion of a wedge-shaped bone graft into the 'collapsed'
      area of the scaphoid in established non-unions. Compression screwing of the
      fracture site has the same advantages of stability and early mobilization that
      applies in other sites. Our clinical experience in 32 fractures has involved a
      low complication rate with early return of mobility and activity.

PMID- 3868416
TI  - Blood transfusion and tumour growth: an experimental study.
AB  - An animal model using RIII mice, which have a high incidence of spontaneously
      occurring mammary tumours, was used to study the effects of blood transfusion on
      tumour growth. Virgin female mice were transfused with various dilutions of blood
      from C57b1 mice either before or both before and after inoculation of tumour
      cells from a tumour line. Allogeneic transfusion prior to inoculation did not
      affect survival compared with syngeneic transfusion. Both allogeneic and
      syngeneic blood given before and after tumour inoculation led to a prolonged
      survival compared with saline infusion. Survival was longest following syngeneic
      blood. The effect was attributed to the general beneficial effects of blood
      transfusion and not the result of immunological changes.

PMID- 3868417
TI  - Continence following ileo-anal anastomosis with an antiperistaltic terminal ileal
      segment.
AB  - The procedure of total colectomy, excision of the rectal mucosa and ileo-anal
      anastomosis with or without a proximal small intestinal reservoir has been
      described as a method of treating patients with ulcerative colitis and familial
      polyposis coli. The purpose of constructing a terminal ileal reservoir is to
      reduce the severe diarrhoea which often occurs following ileo-anal anastomosis.
      It is suggested that the use of a single antiperistaltic segment for this purpose
      would reduce the diarrhoea, and provide continence. This has been tested in the
      dog and the results are reported in this publication.

PMID- 3868418
TI  - Bilateral simultaneous traumatic avulsion of the quadriceps tendon.
AB  - Bilateral simultaneous traumatic avulsion of the quadriceps tendon has not been
      reported previously. One such case is reported in this paper. A method of
      reattachment of the quadriceps tendons to the patellae is described and the
      relevant literature is reviewed.

PMID- 3868419
TI  - Concomitant cerebral and breast cryptococcosis.
AB  - A patient with a solitary intracranial cryptococcoma of the occipital lobe of the
      brain and a concomitant granuloma of similar aetiology in the breast is reported.
      Despite resistance of the causative fungus to 5-fluorocytosine in vitro, the
      patient responded well to radical excisional surgery and therapy with 5
      fluorocytosine.

PMID- 3868420
TI  - Hydatid disease: the alveolar variety in Australia. A case report with comment on
      the toxicity of mebendazole.
AB  - The alveolar form of hydatid disease, caused by the larval stage of the cestode
      Echinococcus multilocularis, is virtually confined geographically to the northern
      hemisphere. It produces clinically malignant multivesicular infiltrating lesions
      most often in the liver, and is quite different from the usual cystic variety
      caused by E. granulosus. We present a case report of a patient with alveolar
      hydatid disease, whose treatment with mebendazole was brief due to side effects
      of alopecia and granulocytopenia; and review the features of this disease which,
      with increasing international migration, may be encountered more frequently in
      Australia.

PMID- 3868421
TI  - The effect of steroid sulphatase on stratum corneum shedding in patients with X
      linked ichthyosis.
AB  - After the application under occlusion of partially purified stratum corneum
      steroid sulphatase to the skin of patients with X-linked ichthyosis, the
      detachment ratio of stratum corneum fragments was significantly increased. There
      was no significant change in normal subjects or in patients with ichthyosis
      vulgaris.

PMID- 3868422
TI  - Detection of heterozygotes of X-linked ichthyosis by measuring steroid sulphatase
      activity of lymphocytes. Mode of inheritance in three families.
AB  - Steroid sulphatase activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes was assayed in all
      available members of three families in which cases of X-linked ichthyosis were
      frequently seen. Lymphocytes from all the patients with this disease lacked
      steroid sulphatase activity and some female members who were probably
      heterozygotes, showed significantly lower enzyme activity compared with other
      healthy family members and normal controls. This suggest that females
      heterozygous for X-linked ichthyosis in these families could be traced
      enzymatically. Three childless females in these families were found to be
      possible heterozygotes in view of their lower enzyme levels. It was found that
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic mobility of serum low-density lipoproteins was
      increased in X-linked ichthyosis patients but was not changed in the probable
      heterozygotes. The detection of individuals heterozygous for X-linked ichthyosis,
      for the purpose of precise genetic counselling, may be possible by measuring
      steroid sulphatase activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes.

PMID- 3868423
TI  - [Simonsiella, a giant bacterium: a little-known oral microorganism.
      Microbiological and ultrastructural study].

PMID- 3868424
TI  - An investigation of alveolar bone height in adolescents.

PMID- 3868425
TI  - [Characterization by electron microscopy for chemical analysis of surfaces
      prepared in the laboratory or in clinical practice: example of the polishing of a
      gold alloy sample].

PMID- 3868427
TI  - Myeloproliferative disorders.
AB  - Myeloproliferative disorders result from monoclonal proliferation of the
      pluripotential hematic precursor cell, with preservation of its capacity to
      differentiate and mature into functional progeny. Phenotypic expression varies
      with the degree of involvement of each derivative cell type and the extent to
      which growth is hyperplastic, dysplastic, or malignant. Hyperplastic bone marrow
      with increased circulating erythrocytes and platelets, reactivation of
      hematopoiesis in long bones and extramedullary sites, and the development of
      secondary marrow fibrosis are responsible for complications of thrombosis,
      hemorrhage, splenic infarction, hypersplenism, and anemia. A predilection for the
      geriatric population, chronicity, and great variability in phenotypic expression
      present a challenge in diagnosis and management. Individualized treatment based
      on thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of myeloproliferative disease is
      required to maximize complication-free survival by avoiding both the risk of the
      disease and its therapy and utilizing all available supportive measures in the
      prevention and treatment of complications.

PMID- 3868426
TI  - Structural studies of the class II histocompatibility antigens of the ACI rat.
AB  - The class II antigens of the ACI rat were studied using both conventional
      alloantisera and monoclonal antibodies. By sequential immunoprecipitation
      experiments and cell binding studies, alloantisera were shown to contain
      antibodies to both the RT1.B and the RT1.D gene products. Using one- and two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis, the structures of these gene products were shown
      to be distinguishable. The importance of these differences for the immune
      response and antigen presentation is discussed.

PMID- 3868428
TI  - Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity: a micro assay suitable for clinical tests.
AB  - A micro version (microtest, MIT) of the 51Cr release assay for detecting Natural
      Killer activity (NK) has been developed. The test retains the sensitivity and the
      efficiency of conventional macroassay (macrotest, MAT) and provides a 5-fold
      reduction in the number of effector and target cells employed. In experiments
      performed with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC), untreated or treated
      with interferon (IFN) or with hydrocortisone (Hy), comparable values of the
      percentage of specific lysis and of the number of lytic units were obtained using
      both MAT and MIT methods. Therefore MIT appears to be useful in monitoring the NK
      function of patients characterized by low MNC counts.

PMID- 3868429
TI  - Two simplified methods for estimating velopharyngeal orifice area.
AB  - Two simplified methods for obtaining estimates of the area of the velopharyngeal
      orifice using nasal airflow and orifice differential pressure measures are
      described. In these methods, orifice areas are estimated by merely coordinating
      points on a graph or by interpolating values from a table. The accuracy of
      orifice area estimation by these methods compares favorably with estimation by
      other currently used methods. These simplified methods were developed to enlarge
      the application of hydraulic techniques by practicing clinicians.

PMID- 3868430
TI  - A pressure-flow technique for quantifying temporal patterns of palatopharyngeal
      closure.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a new application of the pressure
      flow technique and to determine whether the temporal characteristics of
      aerodynamic data associated with single-word utterances could reliably
      differentiate speakers with adequate palatopharyngeal closure from those with
      inadequacy. The groups included 10 normals, 20 patients with cleft palate who had
      adequate closure (0.0-0.09 cm2), 20 patients who had borderline closure (0.10
      0.19 cm2), and 20 patients who had inadequate closure (greater than 0.19 cm2).
      The test sound was the nasal-plosive blend /mp/ in the word hamper. The data were
      processed by a PDP 11/34 computer. The results demonstrate the utility of the
      pressure-flow technique for studying timing parameters associated with speech and
      reveal that patients with adequacy of closure can be differentiated from those
      with inadequacy using timing criteria. Additionally, the data suggest that the
      perception of nasal resonance in the group with borderline closure appears to be
      influenced by the timing of closure.

PMID- 3868431
TI  - Lack of maternal metabolic, endocrine, and environmental influences in the
      etiology of cleft lip with or without cleft palate.
AB  - We studied metabolic, endocrine, and environmental factors in 59 women who had
      delivered a child with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL +/- CP) and
      compared these values with those of 56 mothers of unaffected children. There was
      no significant difference between the two groups with respect to race, age,
      weight, height, education, parity, menstrual history, medical illnesses, or the
      use of contraceptives, tobacco, alcohol, or caffeine. All patients had a normal
      XX karyotype confirmed by the fluorescent banding technique. The two groups
      demonstrated no significant difference in test results of serum chemistries,
      glucose tolerance, serum or erythrocyte folate, vitamin A, carotene, corticoids,
      prolactin T4, free T4, urine 17-ketosteroids, 17-hydroxysteroids, total
      estrogens, or pregnanediol. Urinalyses revealed no group differences in the
      presence of barbiturates, amphetamines, salicylates, or benzodiazepines. The
      percentage of immunologic studies reflecting susceptibility to toxoplasmosis,
      rubella, cytomegalic inclusion disease, and herpes was not different between the
      two groups. The only statistically significant metabolic differences between the
      two groups were serum alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, creatinine clearance, and
      creatinine clearance/m2. Phenytoin pharmacokinetics and urinary metabolic
      patterns were compared in a subgroup of ten mothers of affected children and ten
      mothers from the control group. No significant differences were observed.
      However, a brief course of phenytoin treatment induced a greater inhibition of
      the folate tolerance test in controls than in mothers of children with clefts.

PMID- 3868433
TI  - Relationship between side of the cleft and handedness of the patient.
AB  - The relationship between the type and side of the cleft and the left-right
      handedness of the patient was evaluated in 706 patients with cleft, of whom 348
      had unilateral cleft of the primary palate. The prevalence of left-handed persons
      in the group with left-sided cleft (14.5%) was more than three times as high as
      in the group with right-sided cleft (4.7%), a statistically significant
      difference. Among the 75 (10.6%) left-handed patients there were 38 unilateral
      clefts, of which 32 (84.2%) were on the left side; only 6 (15.8%) were on the
      right. Among the 631 right-handed patients there were 310 unilateral clefts, of
      which 122 (39.4%) were on the right and 188 (60.6%) were on the left side. Thus,
      the side of the cleft seemed to be associated with ipsilateral handedness. A
      large majority of left-handed patients have left-sided clefts, while right-handed
      patients are more heterogeneous in this respect.

PMID- 3868432
TI  - Unresolved issues in velopharyngeal valving.
AB  - Although technology for the study and assessment of velopharyngeal function has
      advanced, we continue to classify that function in simplistic categories:
      closure, borderline, and no closure. Many questions remain unanswered.
      Information is needed about the dimensions of closure including depth and orifice
      configuration as they relate to speech. Under what circumstances does
      hypernasality involve sound transmission through hypoplastic tissue? Is the
      configuration of the nasopharynx important to hypernasality? Tension in the
      speech mechanism and also developmental factors deserve study. Nonsurgical
      variables that might enhance velopharyngeal function are poorly understood. These
      and other issues and the means of their investigation are worthy of discussion in
      our professional forums.

PMID- 3868434
TI  - Cognitive-communicative development of identical triplets, one with unilateral
      cleft lip and palate.
AB  - Identical male triplets, one with a complete unilateral cleft, were studied
      developmentally from 16 to 25 months of age and tested with several cognitive
      communicative developmental measures. Measures of hearing and motor and
      behavioral development also were obtained. The triplets did not differ from
      normative data or from each other on hearing, motor, behavioral, and for the most
      part, cognitive-mental measures. All of the children were within normal limits on
      receptive communication measures; however, all were delayed on expressive
      measures. The triplet with the cleft was more delayed than his brothers.
      Discussion centers on the interaction of variables that may account for this
      differential effect in expressive measures in relation to the structural anomaly.

PMID- 3868435
TI  - Correction of lateral port stenosis following a pharyngeal flap operation.
AB  - We report a case in which repair of a cleft of the secondary palate subsequently
      separated. A pharyngeal flap failed to provide capability for velopharyngeal
      closure and required revision. The revision was not successful because of scar
      contracture obstruction of the lateral ports by tonsillar tissue. The problem of
      scar contracture was eventually solved with a specially constructed prosthesis.
      The management of each of these complications is discussed.

PMID- 3868436
TI  - [Oral manifestations of AIDS].

PMID- 3868437
TI  - [Necrotizing sialometaplasia].

PMID- 3868438
TI  - [The distribution of histocompatibility antigen in patients with oral lichen
      planus].

PMID- 3868439
TI  - [Immunologic anergy with septic shock after intratumoral injection of BCG cell
      wall preparation].

PMID- 3868440
TI  - [Resorbable materials for osteosynthesis. An experimental animal study].

PMID- 3868441
TI  - [Morphometric study of jaw cysts].

PMID- 3868442
TI  - [3-phase bone scintigraphy and tomography in the diagnosis and follow-up
      treatment of inflammation and neoplasms in the cranio-facial area].

PMID- 3868443
TI  - [The degree of malignancy of squamous cell carcinoma in the upper aerodigestive
      tract].

PMID- 3868444
TI  - [Ectodactylia-ectodermal dysplasia, cleft lip, jaw and palate syndrome (EEC
      syndrome). Association with van der Woude syndrome?].

PMID- 3868445
TI  - [Rare variations of ameloblastic fibroma].

PMID- 3868446
TI  - [Granulomatous cheilitis in Crohn's disease and Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome].

PMID- 3868447
TI  - [Exarticulation of the articular process as a complication in wisdom tooth
      removal].

PMID- 3868448
TI  - [The immunopathologic importance of oral micro-organisms].

PMID- 3868449
TI  - [The vertical plate for intermaxillary fixation. An alternative in the edentulous
      jaw].

PMID- 3868450
TI  - [Temporary fixation of the prosthesis and a compound plate with osteosynthesis
      screws. An alternative to traditional fixation methods].

PMID- 3868451
TI  - [Retrograde root filling with aluminum oxide-ceramic. Experimental studies and
      clinical use].

PMID- 3868452
TI  - [Combined treatment of childhood mesenchymal tumors in the maxillofacial region].

PMID- 3868453
TI  - [Modulation of mouth temperature by thermal stimulation of the extremities].

PMID- 3868454
TI  - [Experiences with a modified method of wisdom tooth transposition (autologous
      wisdom tooth transplantation)].

PMID- 3868455
TI  - [Continuous dynamic jaw widening: a method of overcoming traumatically limited
      mouth opening].

PMID- 3868456
TI  - [Recent studies on the value of sialography relative to the diagnosis of
      inflammatory and lithogenic salivary gland diseases].

PMID- 3868457
TI  - [Electron microscopy studies of the oral mucosal epithelium after irradiation
      with a helium-neon laser].

PMID- 3868458
TI  - [Sarcoidosis of the oral mucosa. Case report, literature review and differential
      diagnosis].

PMID- 3868459
TI  - [Surgical treatment of orbital tumors].

PMID- 3868460
TI  - [Flow cytometry studies of incorporated bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) in carcinoma of
      the oral cavity. A new method].

PMID- 3868462
TI  - [Defect reconstruction in the maxillofacial region using latissimus dorsi
      musculocutaneous flaps].

PMID- 3868461
TI  - [Micromorphological studies of new nerve formation in peri-implant tissues after
      auto-alloplastic tooth replantation with carbon fiber-reinforced polysulfone in
      cynomolgus (Macaca) fascicularis].

PMID- 3868463
TI  - Long-term results after oblique sliding osteotomy of the mandibular rami. A
      cephalometric 5-year longitudinal study.

PMID- 3868464
TI  - [2-year clinical study on the reaction of Mediceram-R calcium phosphate-ceramic
      granules in circumscribed bone defects after cystectomy in the jaw].

PMID- 3868465
TI  - [The definition of relapse after surgical treatment of prognathism].

PMID- 3868466
TI  - [Cephalometric registration of changes after surgery of prognathism].

PMID- 3868467
TI  - [Zonal fat accumulation in the face--surgical problems].

PMID- 3868468
TI  - [The usefulness of collagen fleece in cystectomy of large cysts of the jaw bone].

PMID- 3868469
TI  - [The vascular-pedicled nerve graft. A new experimental technic in rats].

PMID- 3868470
TI  - [Closure of oro-antral openings with an alcoholic prolamine solution.
      Experimental animal study and initial clinical results].

PMID- 3868471
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic and clinical study of ofloxacin, a new antibacterial effective
      agent].

PMID- 3868472
TI  - Molecular biology of development. Introductory comments.

PMID- 3868473
TI  - Molecular biology of development.

PMID- 3868474
TI  - Pattern formation in the muscles of Drosophila.

PMID- 3868475
TI  - Genes affecting the segmental subdivision of the Drosophila embryo.

PMID- 3868476
TI  - Regulation of the genes of the bithorax complex in Drosophila.
AB  - The BX-C is a set of master control genes that trans-regulate other genes and
      thereby control much of the segmentation pattern of the fly. The BX-C genes are
      themselves regulated in cis and trans. Three rules governing cis-regulation of BX
      C are applicable over a region extending from Ubx to at least iab-7, a distance
      of nearly 300 kb on the DNA map: The colinearity (COL) rule: genes are colinear
      with respect to map location and order of expression along the body axis, the
      only exception thus far being pbx+; the cis-inactivation (CIN) rule: a mutant
      lesion in one gene tends to cis-inactivate the wild-type gene(s) immediately
      distally; and the cis-overexpression (COE) rule: certain mutant lesions in a
      given gene cause the next most proximal gene to overexpress one segment more
      anterior to the one in which the latter gene normally expresses. A model is
      proposed that attempts to account for these rules by invoking a special cis
      regulatory entity (E) that diffuses more efficiently along the chromosome than
      between chromosomes.

PMID- 3868477
TI  - Anatomy and function of the bithorax complex of Drosophila.

PMID- 3868478
TI  - Function and expression of ultrabithorax in the Drosophila embryo.

PMID- 3868479
TI  - Expression of the homeo box gene family in Drosophila.

PMID- 3868480
TI  - Homeotic genes, the homeo box, and the genetic control of development.

PMID- 3868481
TI  - Homeo box sequences of the Antennapedia class are conserved only in higher animal
      genomes.

PMID- 3868482
TI  - Lineage-specific gene expression in the sea urchin embryo.

PMID- 3868483
TI  - On the molecular basis of transvection effects and the regulation of
      transcription.

PMID- 3868484
TI  - Developmental regulation of human globin genes in transgenic mice.

PMID- 3868485
TI  - Germ plasm and germ cell determination in Xenopus laevis as studied by cell
      transplantation analysis.

PMID- 3868486
TI  - Transfer and regulation of expression of chimeric genes in plants.

PMID- 3868487
TI  - Transgenic plants.

PMID- 3868488
TI  - Early developmental mutations due to DNA rearrangements in transgenic mouse
      embryos.

PMID- 3868489
TI  - Nuclear transfer in mouse embryos: activation of the embryonic genome.

PMID- 3868490
TI  - Genetics of polyamine synthesis in tobacco: developmental switches in the flower.

PMID- 3868491
TI  - Localization of sequences regulating Drosophila chorion gene amplification and
      expression.

PMID- 3868492
TI  - Studies on the developmentally regulated expression and amplification of insect
      chorion genes.

PMID- 3868493
TI  - The molecular basis of differential gene expression of two 5S RNA genes.

PMID- 3868494
TI  - Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: developmental genetics of nodule formation.

PMID- 3868495
TI  - Aspects of dosage compensation and sex determination in Caenorhabditis elegans.

PMID- 3868496
TI  - The sex determination pathway in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans: variations
      on a theme.

PMID- 3868497
TI  - Cell determination during early embryogenesis of the nematode Caenorhabditis
      elegans.

PMID- 3868498
TI  - Sex determination in mice.

PMID- 3868499
TI  - The role of mitotic factors in regulating the timing of the midblastula
      transition in Xenopus.

PMID- 3868500
TI  - Chromosome replication in early Xenopus embryos.
AB  - Early embryos of X. laevis achieve exceptional rates of DNA replication and
      chromatin assembly. These processes have been studied by microinjecting DNA
      templates into eggs or by incubating DNA in egg extracts. The egg is able to
      regulate replication of injected DNA without requiring specialized DNA sequences.
      Assembly of DNA into the nucleosome subunits of chromatin involves interaction of
      DNA with complexes containing two classes of acidic protein, namely nucleoplasmin
      and N1/N2.

PMID- 3868501
TI  - Regulation of histone gene expression.

PMID- 3868502
TI  - The ability of EK cells to form chimeras after selection of clones in G418 and
      some observations on the integration of retroviral vector proviral DNA into EK
      cells.

PMID- 3868503
TI  - Genes affecting early development in Caenorhabditis elegans.

PMID- 3868504
TI  - Gene transfer into murine stem cells and mice using retroviral vectors.

PMID- 3868505
TI  - Introduction of genes into embryonal carcinoma cells and preimplantation embryos
      by retroviral vectors.

PMID- 3868506
TI  - Proto-oncogene fos is expressed during development, differentiation, and growth.

PMID- 3868507
TI  - Regulation of cell-type-specific gene expression in Dictyostelium.

PMID- 3868508
TI  - Gene expression in differentiating and transdifferentiating neural crest cells.

PMID- 3868509
TI  - A biological clock in Drosophila.
AB  - The per locus plays a central role in the organization and function of the
      Drosophila biological clock. The gene has been mapped to a 7-kb DNA segment by
      physically locating the breakpoints of several chromosomal rearrangements that
      disrupt per function. This DNA contains a single transcription unit which
      produces a 4.5-kb poly(A)+ RNA. No oscillation in the synthesis of this
      transcript is detected when per expression is followed over a 24-hour cycle of
      light and dark. When wild-type DNA containing only this transcription unit is
      transferred to the genome of a per0 (arrhythmic) fly by P-element-mediated
      transformation, the 4.5-kb RNA is produced and rhythmic behavior is restored with
      high penetrance of the rhythmic phenotype. This transforming DNA will also
      complement chromosomal deletions that include the per locus and adjoining
      transcription units, indicating that only one gene in this chromosomal interval
      plays a measureable role in the production of circadian rhythms. Transformed
      flies having rhythms with longer than wild-type periodicity underproduce the 4.5
      kb RNA. We suggest that the periodicity of circadian rhythms in Drosophila is
      determined by the level of expression of a per locus protein encoded by the 4.5
      kb transcript. We have found DNA homologous to the per locus in several species
      of vertebrates. DNA exhibiting very high homology to a portion of the per locus
      has been cloned from the mouse and the DNA sequence of the conserved segment has
      been determined. Mouse and fly DNAs both appear to code for long protein segments
      composed exclusively of alternating threonine and glycine or serine and glycine
      residues.

PMID- 3868510
TI  - Cell adhesion molecule expression and the regulation of morphogenesis.

PMID- 3868511
TI  - Neurogenesis in grasshopper and fushi tarazu Drosophila embryos.

PMID- 3868512
TI  - Developmental expression of cell-surface (glyco)proteins involved in gastrulation
      and spicule formation in sea urchin embryos.

PMID- 3868513
TI  - Genes that affect cell fates during the development of Caenorhabditis elegans.

PMID- 3868514
TI  - Blood pressure normalization restores normal renal prostaglandin production in
      essential hypertension.

PMID- 3868515
TI  - [Combination of chemotherapy and surgery in pulmonary metastases of tumors
      considered not very chemosensitive].

PMID- 3868516
TI  - [Acute leukemia with atypical clinical manifestations: a report of 24 cases].

PMID- 3868517
TI  - [The significance of cerebrospinal fluid ferritin (CSF F) estimation in central
      nervous system leukemia (CNL)].

PMID- 3868518
TI  - [The cytogenetic study of 83 cases of chronic myeloid leukemia with a report of 7
      special cases].

PMID- 3868519
TI  - [Internal thermal stress at the marginal edges of metallo-ceramic crowns with
      shoulder preparations].

PMID- 3868520
TI  - [Recurrence of odontogenic cysts following cystectomy with special reference to
      the keratocyst].

PMID- 3868521
TI  - [Interdependence of mandibular border movements on occlusal height].

PMID- 3868522
TI  - [Functional mandibular movements in comparison to tooth-guided border movements].

PMID- 3868523
TI  - [Light field of dental operatory lamps].

PMID- 3868524
TI  - [Reactions of amine hydrofluorides with surface enamel: II. Comparison of
      interactions of amine hydrofluoride and sodium fluoride with identical pH
      values].

PMID- 3868525
TI  - [Quantification of the effect of fluoride on Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10449].

PMID- 3868526
TI  - [Deciduous tooth caries in children in Stormarn kindergartens].

PMID- 3868527
TI  - [Clinical and differential diagnosis of burning tongue].

PMID- 3868528
TI  - [Indication for radiography in myoarthropathies].

PMID- 3868529
TI  - [Apexification of teeth with nonvital pulp and incomplete root development].

PMID- 3868530
TI  - [Analysis of 100 dental expert testimonies].

PMID- 3868531
TI  - [Odontogenic and nonodontogenic jaw cysts].

PMID- 3868532
TI  - The odontogenic keratocyst: recent advances.

PMID- 3868533
TI  - [Odontogenic keratocysts (OKC). Histologic and clinical follow-up studies].

PMID- 3868534
TI  - [Keratocysts in adolescent patients--early symptoms in the diagnosis of basal
      cell nevus syndrome?].

PMID- 3868535
TI  - [Significance of keratocysts in Gorlin-Goltz syndrome].

PMID- 3868536
TI  - [Computer tomographic findings in the skulls of patients with Gorlin-Goltz
      syndrome].

PMID- 3868537
TI  - [Severe cases of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome and suggestions for early treatment].

PMID- 3868538
TI  - [Gorlin-Goltz syndrome with special reference to parathyroid hormones].

PMID- 3868539
TI  - [Clinical aspects and pathomorphology of odontogenic follicular cysts--follow-up
      of 239 cases].

PMID- 3868540
TI  - [The question of induction of follicular cysts in the mixed dentition using root
      canal therapy in the deciduous teeth].

PMID- 3868541
TI  - [Carcinogenesis in the apex of the cyst-forming odontogenic epithelium].

PMID- 3868543
TI  - [Histologic studies on the distribution of the epithelial rests of Malassez
      between the 10th and 90th year of life].

PMID- 3868542
TI  - [Carcinogenesis in jaw cysts. 2 case reports].

PMID- 3868544
TI  - [Radicular cysts in the clinical scope of median mandibular lesions].

PMID- 3868545
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of median-situated, cystic changes in the maxilla].

PMID- 3868546
TI  - [Symptoms and differential diagnosis of pseudocysts in the jaw].

PMID- 3868547
TI  - [Frequency and recurrence of solitary bone cysts].

PMID- 3868548
TI  - [The diagnosis and therapy of solitary bone cysts].

PMID- 3868549
TI  - [The so-called solitary bone cyst].

PMID- 3868550
TI  - [An aneurysmal bone cyst of the jaw. Therapy and course over 11 years].

PMID- 3868551
TI  - [Procedures for static bone cavities].

PMID- 3868552
TI  - [Experimental animal studies on the development of congenital pseudocysts of the
      jaw].

PMID- 3868553
TI  - [Immunohistologic studies of chronic apical periodontitis and radicular cysts].

PMID- 3868554
TI  - [Bacterial spectrum of the infected cyst].

PMID- 3868556
TI  - [Radiologic findings in odontogenic keratocysts].

PMID- 3868555
TI  - [Prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in the odontogenic cyst sac].

PMID- 3868557
TI  - [Assessment of odontogenic maxillary sinus cysts using panoramic radiographs].

PMID- 3868558
TI  - [Cysts in the maxillofacial region--a catamnestic study on 3353 cysts].

PMID- 3868559
TI  - [Statistical analysis of large jaw cysts].

PMID- 3868560
TI  - [Apical changes--distribution, development, and differential diagnosis].

PMID- 3868561
TI  - [An uncommon cyst in the retromaxillary space].

PMID- 3868562
TI  - [Indication and results of marsupialization of large cysts].

PMID- 3868563
TI  - [Sensitivity and mobility of teeth after cyst surgery].

PMID- 3868564
TI  - [Therapeutic possibilities and results after fractures associated with mandibular
      cysts].

PMID- 3868565
TI  - [Therapeutic results and long-term observations of 62 patients with keratocysts].

PMID- 3868567
TI  - [Expectative therapeutic extirpation of keratocysts].

PMID- 3868566
TI  - The incredible keratocyst: a new approach to treatment.

PMID- 3868568
TI  - [Is the Wassmund technic for the maxillary sinus reliable? Personal experiences].

PMID- 3868569
TI  - [Rhinocystostomy. Personal experiences].

PMID- 3868570
TI  - [Promotion of bone regeneration using collagen fleece after defect management in
      voluminous jaw cysts].

PMID- 3868571
TI  - [Bone regeneration after cyst surgery].

PMID- 3868572
TI  - [Comparative experimental animal studies on bone regeneration after implantation
      of various calcium phosphate ceramics].

PMID- 3868574
TI  - [Experience with resorbable TCP-ceramic granules for the filling of large bone
      defects after cystectomy in the jaw].

PMID- 3868573
TI  - [Healing and pharmacokinetics of a beta-tricalcium phosphate-gentamycin
      combination in animal studies (preliminary report)].

PMID- 3868575
TI  - [Calcium sulfate--a bone replacement material?].

PMID- 3868576
TI  - [Clinical and instrument problems in probing the gingival sulcus and periodontal
      pocket].

PMID- 3868577
TI  - [Tooth mobility and its measurement].

PMID- 3868578
TI  - [What is the significance of the Periotest method currently?].

PMID- 3868579
TI  - [Radiologic description of the alveolar crest].

PMID- 3868580
TI  - [Aerosol-jet device for plaque removal. A clinical and scanning electron
      microscopy study].

PMID- 3868581
TI  - [Iatrogenic irritation: occurrence, effect and elimination technics].

PMID- 3868582
TI  - [Physical principles of electrosurgery].

PMID- 3868583
TI  - [Application possibilities of the periotome for various incision technics in
      periodontal surgery].

PMID- 3868584
TI  - [Comparative in vitro studies of various compressed air-operated instruments used
      for dental calculus removal].

PMID- 3868585
TI  - [Evaluation of the abrasiveness of dentifrices and their effect on the involved
      tissue].

PMID- 3868586
TI  - [Root surface caries in patients with periodontal disease. Relation between
      individual oral hygiene methods and periodontal inflammation].

PMID- 3868587
TI  - [The effect of flexible gingival prosthesis on the marginal periodontium and the
      composition of the subgingival microflora].

PMID- 3868588
TI  - [Follow-up results after conservative and surgical periodontal treatment in an
      unsupervised patient group].

PMID- 3868589
TI  - [Electron microscopy studies on the question of cell damage in human gingival
      epithelium after tissue incubation].

PMID- 3868590
TI  - [The inhibitory effect of antiseptic mouthwash solutions on bacterial growth in
      dental plaque and saliva].

PMID- 3868591
TI  - [Stabilization of periodontally involved teeth with the Anterior Splint Grid
      system].

PMID- 3868592
TI  - [Combined endodontic-periodontal disease. Classification--diagnosis--treatment].

PMID- 3868593
TI  - [Cariogenicity tests. Current status and future developments].

PMID- 3868594
TI  - [Frequency of surface changes and unpleasant taste sensations due to various
      dental alloys].

PMID- 3868595
TI  - [In-vivo corrosion studies on non-precious metal alloys].

PMID- 3868596
TI  - [Tests of oral stereognosis (RF) and oral muscular coordination (MA).
      Considerations on possible prognosis in the treatment of tooth loss in elderly
      patients].

PMID- 3868597
TI  - [A device for extraoral preparation of teeth for replantation].

PMID- 3868598
TI  - [Origin and projection of ghost images on panoramic radiographs].

PMID- 3868599
TI  - [Significance of centric mandibular position in the cephalometric planning of
      corrective osteotomies].

PMID- 3868600
TI  - [Caries prevalence, degree of restoration and oral hygiene in preschool
      children].

PMID- 3868601
TI  - [Polyclonal lymphocyte stimulation in patients with deep marginal periodontitis].

PMID- 3868602
TI  - [Effect of experimental occlusal disorders on the electromyographic activity of
      the elevator muscles].

PMID- 3868603
TI  - [3-dimensional electronic measurement of movement of the condyle through the
      mandibular hinge axis].

PMID- 3868604
TI  - [Strength of quartz-filled composites after aging for 3 years].

PMID- 3868605
TI  - [Lateral dental composites--yes, no or maybe?].

PMID- 3868606
TI  - [Biological properties of composite filling materials].

PMID- 3868607
TI  - [Varying load behavior of 2 composite materials under physiologically simulated
      conditions].

PMID- 3868608
TI  - [Hybrid and micro-particle composites in clinical comparison].

PMID- 3868609
TI  - [Surface characteristics of the so-called hybrid composite].

PMID- 3868610
TI  - [Conservative treatment of pulpitis].

PMID- 3868611
TI  - [Immunological process in apical granulation tissue. 1. The humoral immune
      response].

PMID- 3868612
TI  - [Comparative follow-up studies after conservative and surgical root canal
      treatment in adolescents].

PMID- 3868613
TI  - [Results of a follow-up study of temporary root canal filling with a calcium
      hydroxide paste].

PMID- 3868614
TI  - [Is endodontic treatment of molars a long-term tooth preserving measure?].

PMID- 3868615
TI  - [McSpadden's thermoplastic root canal obturation].

PMID- 3868616
TI  - [Qualitative and quantitative analysis of N2-Normal Universal].

PMID- 3868618
TI  - Annual meeting of the Dutch Society for Cell Biology and symposium: Recent
      contributions of cell biology to clinical haematology. Nijmegen, January 24,
      1986. Abstracts.

PMID- 3868617
TI  - [Comparison of the accuracy of various root canal length measuring methods].

PMID- 3868619
TI  - Annual meeting of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Zellbiologie. Development and
      differentiation. Tubingen, 18-21 March 1986. Abstracts.

PMID- 3868620
TI  - Expression of a monocyte-specific esterase isoenzyme in cases of acute myeloid
      leukemias.
AB  - The carboxylic esterase (E.C. 3.1.1.1) isoenzymes from cases of acute myeloid
      leukemias were separated by analytical isoelectric focusing on horizontal thin
      layer gels. One isoenzyme consisting of one or two components (bands) could be
      completely and selectively inhibited by addition of 40 mM sodium fluoride (NaF)
      to the staining bath. The 105 cases were classified into the groups M1-M6
      according to the FAB proposals. The NaF-sensitive isoenzyme was not detected in
      cases of FAB groups M1/2 (acute myeloblastic leukemia without or with
      maturation), group M3 (acute promyelocytic leukemia) or group M6
      (erythroleukemia). Thirty-one out of 33 cases in the FAB group M4 (acute
      myelomonocytic leukemia) and 9/9 cases in FAB group M5 (acute monocytic leukemia)
      expressed the NaF-sensitive isoenzyme. The NaF-sensitive isoenzyme was found at
      different staining intensities; all M5 cases showed the isoenzyme at strong or
      very strong intensity, whereas most of the M4 cases displayed the isoenzyme at
      weak, medium or strong staining intensity. The data presented are further
      evidence that the presence of the NaF-sensitive esterase isoenzyme indicates
      monocytic involvement or differentiation in cases of myeloid leukemias. The easy
      and fast to perform method of isoelectric focusing can be used to distinguish the
      monocytic variants among the acute myeloid leukemias and can supplement the
      morphological analysis of these cases.

PMID- 3868621
TI  - Phase II of ACNU for non-small cell lung cancer.

PMID- 3868622
TI  - Reoxygenation between radiotherapy fractions in an experimental osteosarcoma.

PMID- 3868623
TI  - China welcomes US dental technicians.

PMID- 3868624
TI  - How to give constructive criticism to your clients.

PMID- 3868625
TI  - DLR survey. National survey: what do dentists really want?

PMID- 3868626
TI  - Palatal training aids for velopharyngeal insufficiency: an interdisciplinary
      approach.

PMID- 3868627
TI  - Stress: physiological aspects (2).

PMID- 3868628
TI  - Supplemental premolars.

PMID- 3868629
TI  - The basal cell naevus syndrome.

PMID- 3868630
TI  - The effects of pressure and curing temperature on porosity of two chemically
      activated acrylics.

PMID- 3868631
TI  - Oxidation of two high-palladium PFM alloys.

PMID- 3868632
TI  - Cure performance of light-activated composites by differential thermal analysis
      (DTA).

PMID- 3868633
TI  - A comparison of methods for evaluating the marginal fracture of amalgam
      restorations.

PMID- 3868634
TI  - The wear of dental amalgam in an artificial mouth: a clinical correlation.

PMID- 3868635
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of epirubicin in cancer patients in an advanced
      stage].

PMID- 3868636
TI  - [New anthracyclines in the treatment of solid tumors in the advanced stage].

PMID- 3868637
TI  - [Phase II study of 4-demethoxydaunorubicin in metastatic breast neoplasms].

PMID- 3868638
TI  - [Therapy of tumor pathology of the central nervous system in childhood].

PMID- 3868639
TI  - Nonleukaemic second malignancies following childhood acute lymphocytic leukaemia.
      A report of 19 cases from the Federal Republic of Germany.
AB  - Nineteen second malignant neoplasms (SMN)2 occurring after successful treatment
      of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) are reported from the Federal
      Republic of Germany. Eighteen children were diagnosed as having ALL within a ten
      year period, in which the total number of newly diagnosed ALL was about 5600 in
      this country. The incidence of a SMN following childhood ALL is calculated to be
      2% after a 4-14 years' follow-up period. Of the 19 SMN, 7 are Hodgkin's disease,
      1 malignant histiocytosis, 3 thyroid carcinomas, 3 brain tumours, and 5 other
      solid neoplasms. Second leukaemias were not observed. Immunoregulatory
      dysfunction, genetic influences and irradiation are the factors which have
      etiologically been discussed. Chemotherapy seems not to play a major role in the
      development of SMN after ALL.

PMID- 3868640
TI  - Light and electron microscopic studies on the attachment of Ureaplasma
      urealyticum to human leukemia cell.

PMID- 3868641
TI  - Preventive surgery for congenital deformities of the hand.
AB  - Science is on the verge of major changes in the treatment of congenital
      deformities of the hand. The first changes will be technical and will involve the
      increasing use of microsurgery, laser surgery, electricity, and fiber optics.
      Improved imaging techniques will permit earlier and more precise diagnosis of
      tissue abnormalities. The second phase will be antenatal preventive surgery,
      first on the fetus and later on the embryo. The third phase will be the
      prevention of congenital deformities by bioengineering.

PMID- 3868642
TI  - Case of the month. Neurofibroma of the tongue.

PMID- 3868643
TI  - Interpret your X-ray. Hypercementosis of the tooth root.

PMID- 3868644
TI  - Establishment of community dental health units in developing countries.

PMID- 3868645
TI  - Community oral health.

PMID- 3868646
TI  - Background note regarding the oral health needs of the country and its relevance
      to the Fourth Central Pay Commission.

PMID- 3868647
TI  - Some perceptions and perspectives in dental science.

PMID- 3868648
TI  - Dental health promotion--reaching the needy.

PMID- 3868649
TI  - Fluorine element and dental caries.

PMID- 3868650
TI  - Dento-facial anomalies in India. (Goals and strategies to achieve by 2000 AD).

PMID- 3868651
TI  - Dental equipments, materials, dental health aids, manufacturers etc.

PMID- 3868652
TI  - Psycho analysis of patients' problems to dental treatment.

PMID- 3868653
TI  - Computers in dentistry--a review.

PMID- 3868654
TI  - Our present-day dental collegiate education--is it out-dated?

PMID- 3868655
TI  - Case of the month. Tongue-tie.

PMID- 3868656
TI  - Interpret your X-ray. Chronic periapical abscess.

PMID- 3868657
TI  - Dental fluorosis--an esthetic problem.

PMID- 3868659
TI  - A correlation between the prevalence and extent of periodontal pockets and
      bacterial plaque (a clinical study).

PMID- 3868658
TI  - Taste threshold in complete denture wearer--a clinical study.

PMID- 3868660
TI  - Pierre Robin syndrome with neonatal teeth. A case report.

PMID- 3868661
TI  - [Prostaglandins and sleep].

PMID- 3868662
TI  - [Clinical diagnosis of oral neoplasms].

PMID- 3868663
TI  - [Pathology of oral neoplasms].

PMID- 3868664
TI  - [Root canal therapy for infected deciduous teeth].

PMID- 3868665
TI  - [Significance and methods of Checkbite].

PMID- 3868666
TI  - [Interaction between elderly patients and dentists].

PMID- 3868667
TI  - [Application of soft lasers in clinical dentistry].

PMID- 3868668
TI  - [New sucrose substitutes].

PMID- 3868669
TI  - [Future health services in remote areas].

PMID- 3868670
TI  - [Chemotactic activity of dental pulp collagen and collagen peptide fragments on
      monocytes].

PMID- 3868671
TI  - [Epidemiological survey on dental prophylaxis and treatment by questionnaire.
      Primary report].

PMID- 3868672
TI  - [Formation and differentiation of facial mesenchyme in cultured rat embryos].

PMID- 3868673
TI  - [Defects of bone-inductive activity of demineralized bone matrices obtained from
      hypocalcemic and hypophosphatemic rats].

PMID- 3868674
TI  - [A new roentgenographic cephalometric apparatus for animals].

PMID- 3868675
TI  - [Measurement of the position of adjacent teeth].

PMID- 3868676
TI  - [Bacteroides and polymorphonuclear leukocytes].

PMID- 3868677
TI  - [Induced hyperthermia].

PMID- 3868678
TI  - [The infected deciduous tooth and its management].

PMID- 3868679
TI  - [X-ray exposure levels in the CT examination of the mandible].

PMID- 3868680
TI  - [Mutagenicity of dental amalgam].

PMID- 3868681
TI  - [Equipment for testing a root canal enlarging tool].

PMID- 3868682
TI  - [Differentiation of odontoblast-like cells from dental pulp cells].

PMID- 3868683
TI  - Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM's) cultured in serum free medium
      (II): Lymphocyte-macrophage interaction and related morphological changes.
AB  - Morphological descriptions of the attachments between lymphocytes and macrophages
      are made in serum free cultures. Dynamic morphological processes related to these
      attachments are explored in live cells using an inverted microscope and the phase
      technique. The May Grunwald-Giemsa stain and scanning and transmission electron
      microscopy are also described for the same population of cells. Immunoglobulins
      were detected in the cells by the immunoflourescence technique. Following
      lymphocyte-macrophage attachments, the macrophages shrink and round up and
      subsequently, their cytoplasm becomes laden with immunoglobulin. The membrance
      surface of interacting macrophages gradually changes from the ruffled appearance
      characteristic of a monocyte to a blebbed structure. The blebs seem to be related
      to an exocytotic process, which is most probably immunoglobulin secretion.

PMID- 3868684
TI  - A study on antisperm antibody in homosexual men.
AB  - Using a hemagglutination assay we surveyed antibody distribution to human sperm
      antigen in a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic population and in an AIDS
      study group. We found no significant difference for the mean antisperm antibody
      titres between sexually active heterosexual men, women or homosexual men,
      homosexual men with or without AIDS, and no correlation between T4/T8 lymphocyte
      ratios and antibody titres in homosexual men. We conclude that levels of antibody
      to sperm antigens are not significantly greater in homosexual men and antisperm
      antibody levels do not correlate with the diagnosis of AIDS.

PMID- 3868685
TI  - Discovery of the hybridoma principle in 1968-69 immortalization of the specific
      antibody-producing cell by fusion with a lymphoma cell.

PMID- 3868686
TI  - In vivo interference between pathogenic and non-pathogenic viruses.
AB  - The interference among viruses is a well-documented biological phenomenon, both
      in animals and tissue culture systems. In two of our previous in vivo experiments
      and in four independent animal experiments, which are described in this
      presentation, interferences were successfully used to influence the outcomes of
      viral diseases by using non-pathogenic viruses. In this study, four pathogenic
      viruses were studied in their natural hosts, and against these viruses, in
      different combinations, 15 non-pathogenic viruses were tested. There was great
      variation in mutual effects among pathogenic and non-pathogenic viruses. In our
      four experiments, the viruses were either simultaneously inoculated or the non
      pathogenic viruses were preinoculated. Newcastle disease vaccine (Strain H) had
      remarkable effects in the development of mouse ascites-associated lymphoma virus.
      The 50% mortality rate in mice caused by a vaccine strain of rabies virus was
      reduced to 15% using avian encephalitis virus. The clinical manifestations of
      rabbit myxoma virus effects were significantly delayed by Newcastle disease
      vaccine (Strain H). The 72% mortality rate due to Rous sarcoma virus in chickens
      was decreased to 33.3% when the animals were preinoculated with avian bursa virus
      vaccine.

PMID- 3868687
TI  - Intestinal transport of di-isopropylidene-glucose.
AB  - Based on a previous observation, it was postulated that dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)
      acts as a carrier-model in the intestinal absorption of glucose and galactose
      (Csaky and Ho, 1966). It was further hypothetized that DMSO forms a loosely
      bonded hydrophobic complex with the hexoses. The co-valently-bonded di
      isopropylidene-glucose (DAG) displays a structure similar to that of the
      hypothetical DMSO-glucose complex. Therefore, in the course of the present study
      the intestinal absorption of the DAG was examined. Three criteria were used to
      determine whether DAG utilizes the glucose carrier or is absorbed by simple
      diffusion: the absorption kinetics, inhibition of the transport of glucose by
      DAG, and inhibition of the DAG absorption by phlorizin. By all three criteria DAG
      does not utilize the glucose carrier, but is absorbed from the intestine by
      simple diffusion similarly to the hypothetical DMSO-glucose complex. The
      possibility of a DAG produced disturbance in the epithelial membrane is suggested
      by the enhanced absorption of glucose by DAG and by a previous observation that
      it produces anesthesia (Csaky, 1952).

PMID- 3868688
TI  - Radiation associated hyperthyroidism in patients with gynecological malignancies.
AB  - To determine the effect of abdominal and/or pelvic irradiation for gynecological
      malignancies on the later development of hyperthyroidism, 1,884 medical records
      of the patients diagnoses as carcinomas of cervix and corpus uteri, and of ovary
      were reviewed. Among 1,269 patients with radiation therapy, 5 patients developed
      hyperthyroidism after irradiation to the abdomen and/or pelvis. This is a
      statistically significant increase when compared with an epidemiological study.
      Radiation dose to the thyroid was estimated to be 30 to 200 rads. Two other
      patients who were irradiated to the nose or supraclavicular region in addition to
      the abdomen also developed hyperthyroidism. However, none of 581 patients without
      radiation therapy became hyperthyroid. The results indicate that radiation
      therapy for treatment of gynecological malignancy gives a significant radiation
      exposure with an increase in the incidence of subsequent hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 3868689
TI  - The spectrum of neurological manifestations in myeloma.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with myelomatosis (3 with a solitary plasmocytoma and 29 with
      multiple myeloma) and neurological complications, from a group of 110 unselected
      patients with myelomatous disease were recorded. Spinal cord compression was the
      most frequent complication seen in 12 cases. In 9 subjects, it was the presenting
      symptom, and in 11 cases was caused by extradural plasmocytoma of the thoracic
      spine. Early decompressive laminectomy was curative in 3 cases, but in the rest,
      delay in diagnosis resulted in only partial recovery even with radiotherapy. Of
      the 6 patients with nerve root involvement, radiotherapy led to full recovery in
      2 of 3 cases, and laminectomy resulted in complete improvement in 2 other cases.
      Peripheral polyneuropathy was seen in 8 cases, 2 related to systemic amyloidosis
      and 6 unassociated with amyloidosis. Both forms of neuropathy shared a slow
      progression, independent of the course of the myeloma. Acute encephalopathy,
      found in 6 cases, was due to hypercalcemia and/or serum hyperviscosity, and led
      to a significant shortening of mean survival. One patient had third cranial nerve
      palsy due to the overlying lesion of the skull base, and another suffered acute
      bacterial meningitis.

PMID- 3868690
TI  - Endodontic flare-ups: bacteriological and immunological mechanisms.

PMID- 3868691
TI  - Microcirculation of the dental pulp in health and disease.

PMID- 3868692
TI  - Flare-ups in endodontics: I. Etiological factors.

PMID- 3868693
TI  - Work-saving devices in endodontics: efficacy of sonic and ultrasonic techniques.

PMID- 3868694
TI  - Inhibition of rabbit platelet aggregation by alpha-fibrinogenase purified from
      Calloselasma rhodostoma (Malayan pit viper) venom.

PMID- 3868695
TI  - Renal responses to saline loading in conscious and anesthetized rats.

PMID- 3868696
TI  - Two non-overlapping PR intervals in a patient with dual pathways atrioventricular
      nodal reentrant tachycardia.

PMID- 3868697
TI  - Dopaminergic regulation of plasma aldosterone secretion in hypertensive patients.

PMID- 3868698
TI  - ABO incompatibility and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

PMID- 3868699
TI  - Gas chromatographic analysis of abnormal urinary organic acids in
      phenylketonuria.

PMID- 3868700
TI  - Comparison of various thyroid function tests.

PMID- 3868701
TI  - Relationship of DNA ploidy, cell kinetics, estrogen receptor and clinical status
      in patients with breast cancer.

PMID- 3868702
TI  - Clinical observation of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in Chinese.

PMID- 3868703
TI  - [Rhinogenic orbital complications--a 5 year case analysis at the National Taiwan
      University Hospital].

PMID- 3868704
TI  - [Colorectal adenoma].

PMID- 3868706
TI  - The regulatory status of continuous ventilators.

PMID- 3868705
TI  - Wyburn-Mason syndrome--a case report.

PMID- 3868707
TI  - Proceedings of the Second European Meeting on Hypertension. 9-12 June 1985,
      Milan, Italy.

PMID- 3868708
TI  - Symposium on the sympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis, complications
      and treatment of hypertension. Satellite symposium of the Second European Meeting
      on Hypertension. 13 June 1985, Milan, Italy.

PMID- 3868709
TI  - Regulation of left ventricular mass by endogenous catecholamines in hypertensive
      progeny.
AB  - In 10 normotensives with both parents hypertensive, the relationship between
      changes in echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular anatomy and those in
      circulating catecholamine levels induced by three 3-week periods of different
      sodium and potassium intakes were examined. A high-sodium normal-potassium
      regimen reduced upright plasma norepinephrine (P less than 0.01), posterior wall
      thickness (PWT) and interventricular septal thickness (IVST) as well as the left
      ventricular mass index (LVMi). Changes in upright plasma noreprinephrine
      correlated with those in IVST (r = 0.822, P less than 0.01) and in LVMi (r =
      0.833, P less than 0.01). A low-sodium normal-potassium diet increased supine (P
      less than 0.001) and upright (P less than 0.01) plasma norepinephrine as well as
      the IVST and LVMi. The changes in supine and upright norepinephrine levels
      correlated with changes in IVST (r = 0.836 and r = 0.796 respectively, both P
      less than 0.01) and in LVMi (r = 0.931 and r = 0.947 respectively, both P less
      than 0.001). No significant change in any of the above parameters was detected
      after a low-sodium high-potassium regimen. These findings indicate that in
      hypertensive progeny catecholamines may play a role in the physiological
      regulation of left ventricular mass (LVM).

PMID- 3868710
TI  - Stress, autonomic hyperactivity and essential hypertension: an enigma.
AB  - This review shows that there is ample evidence of a stress-related
      hypersympathetic state in the early phase (borderline, hyperkinetic) of essential
      hypertension. These patients have signs of excessive autonomic cardiovascular
      drive (e.g. large changes in cardiac output, heart rate and pre-ejection period).
      After autonomic blockade these patients were also prone to suppressing anger and
      tended to be submissive towards other people. Research to determine whether
      personality traits are related to hypertension has shown that suppressed anger
      and submissiveness appear to be more related to sustained blood pressure
      elevation than to blood pressure variability. Although there is adequate evidence
      for a relationship between stress, personality and hypertension in borderline
      hypertension, it is difficult to demonstrate an autonomic nervous system
      component in established hypertension. Apparently mechanisms of blood pressure
      elevation change during the natural history of hypertension, and more research to
      understand the character of these changes is needed.

PMID- 3868711
TI  - Sympathetic factors in the cardiovascular complications of hypertension: evidence
      in genetic models for hypertension, stroke and atherosclerosis.
AB  - The role of the nervous system in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular
      complications in hypertension has been clarified to a great extent in genetic rat
      models for hypertension, stroke and atherosclerosis, especially in the evolution
      of cardiovascular hypertrophy in hypertension, the most common process related to
      the pathogenesis and complications of hypertension, in the development of stroke,
      one of the most common sequelae of hypertension itself and in the pathogenesis of
      atherosclerotic vascular diseases, the most usual cause of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3868712
TI  - Possible role of the sympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis of
      hypertension.

PMID- 3868713
TI  - Transdermal clonidine in the treatment of adolescent hypertension.
AB  - The effectiveness of transdermally administered clonidine in normalizing blood
      pressure in 22 adolescents with sustained diastolic hypertension was studied. The
      clonidine transdermal device consisted of an adhesive disc which delivered a low,
      but continuous, dose of drug through the skin for at least 1 week. Following a
      placebo disc, subjects received clonidine with increasing titration every 2 weeks
      until blood pressure reduction goals (90th percentile) were achieved. In 21 of 22
      subjects blood pressure goals were achieved and maintained for 8 weeks of stable
      dose. Side effects were minimal.

PMID- 3868714
TI  - Treatment of hypertension by a new transdermal form of clonidine.
AB  - We studied one or two adhesive systems per week of clonidine TTS (2.54 or 5.08
      mg/week). The results showed a more marked antihypertensive action with these
      adhesive systems than with 0.15 or 0.30 mg/day of the oral form. The transdermal
      system was better tolerated systemically and local cutaneous reactions prevented
      its use in only one case in our series. Overall, the patients were satisfied with
      the treatment. In our opinion, the simplicity of administration of clonidine TTS
      should improve the long term patient compliance with antihypertensive treatment.

PMID- 3868715
TI  - Transdermal clonidine therapy in elderly mild hypertensives: effects on blood
      pressure, plasma norepinephrine and fasting plasma glucose.
AB  - Twenty patients aged 60-74 years entered a study on the effect of transdermal
      clonidine (Catapres-TTS) as monotherapy for mild hypertension [diastolic blood
      pressure (DBP) 90-104 mmHg]. Seventeen patients (85%) had a positive therapeutic
      response (DBP reduced to less than 90 mmHg or by greater than or equal to 5
      mmHg). Patient acceptance was high and side effects mild; however, one-quarter of
      the patients experienced localized skin reactions. A slight increase in fasting
      plasma glucose level (mean delta = 20 mg/dl) was consistently observed.
      Transdermal clonidine led to a sustained decline in plasma catecholamine levels
      although this effect did not seem to be closely related to the observed decreases
      in blood pressure. Three out of four evaluable patients had a blood pressure
      'overshoot' upon discontinuation of therapy to levels above pretreatment values.
      Transdermal clonidine appears to be effective and generally well tolerated in the
      treatment of mild hypertension in the elderly; however, more studies designed to
      investigate effects on glucose tolerance and the possible existence of a rebound
      syndrome are needed.

PMID- 3868716
TI  - Free and conjugated catecholamines in plasma and erythrocytes of normotensive and
      labile hypertensive subjects during exercise and recovery.
AB  - Several lines of investigation suggest an abnormal sympathetic nervous activity
      (SNA) in hypertension. In an attempt to better evaluate SNA in a subgroup of
      hypertensive patients, free and sulpho-conjugated (conjugated) catecholamines
      (CA) [norepine-phrine (NE) and epinephrine (E)] were measured in plasma and red
      blood cells (RBC) of 10 labile hypertensive subjects at rest, during dynamic
      exercise and during recovery. Results were compared with the levels observed in
      seven normotensive subjects. At a given heart rate during the first 15 min of
      exercise, free plasma CA and diastolic blood pressure were significantly greater
      in labile hypertensives. Throughout the 1 h of exercise, conjugated plasma CA
      increased only in labile hypertensives, while free RBC NE increased only in
      normotensives. During recovery, free plasma CA decreased more slowly and blood
      pressure remained higher in labile hypertensives. These observations indicate
      that the mechanisms regulating sulphoconjugation may be altered in labile
      hypertensives and also suggest a defect in RBC CA transport mechanisms in these
      subjects. It is possible that these defects could contribute to the higher CA
      levels observed in labile hypertensives during exercise and recovery, and that
      they could be linked with the slower cardiovascular recovery observed in these
      subjects.

PMID- 3868717
TI  - Heart rate reactivity under mental stress as a predictor of blood pressure
      development in children.
AB  - Since 1981 the 'Bonn Kinderstudie' has followed blood pressure (BP) development
      in children. In a subset of 63 healthy boys (aged 10-12 years at the beginning of
      the study) we examined whether cardiovascular reactivity predicts future BP
      development. At a 1-year interval BP and heart rate (HR) were measured during
      mental arithmetic and physical exercise. Ambulatory BP was assessed nine times
      per year. Among different reactivity scores HR reactivity to mental stress was
      the most stable variable. Only reactivity of systolic BP to mental stress was
      different between subjects with parental hypertension and subjects with a
      negative family history of hypertension. After 1 year high HR reactors developed
      about 7 mmHg higher ambulatory systolic BP levels than low HR reactors. It is
      concluded that besides genetic factors HR reactivity to mental stress might
      indicate the disposition for developing high BP.

PMID- 3868718
TI  - Role of brain cholinergic system in the antihypertensive effect of clonidine in
      different models of rat hypertension.
AB  - Acetylcholine in the central nervous system appears to be involved in some
      aspects of hypertension. Clonidine and methyldopa may inhibit acetylcholine (Ach)
      release in several brain areas. The present study was therefore designed to
      determine whether a depletion of brain Ach could modify the antihypertensive
      effect of clonidine in freely moving spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), Grollman
      hypertensive (GHR) and DOCA-salt hypertensive (DHR) rats. Intravenous injection
      of clonidine (15, 30 and 75 micrograms/kg) reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP)
      and heart rate (HR) in all hypertensive animals. The hypotensive effect was more
      marked in SHR than in DHR and GHR. The effect was also reproducible when the drug
      dose was repeated 3 h later in rats pretreated with saline (5 microliters) in the
      lateral cerebral ventricle (i.c.v.). When clonidine administration was repeated
      in hypertensive animals 3 h after i.c.v. hemicholinium-3 (20 micrograms/5
      microliters), the decrease in MAP and HR was significantly reduced compared with
      that observed in the same animals after the first injection. The data suggest
      that the antihypertensive effect of clonidine depends partially upon the
      integrity of central cholinergic neurons.

PMID- 3868719
TI  - Gingival recession. A rationale for therapy.

PMID- 3868720
TI  - Tetracycline treatment for periodontal disease.

PMID- 3868721
TI  - An acute, erosive condition of the mucous membranes.

PMID- 3868723
TI  - Dental services at Michigan hospitals.

PMID- 3868722
TI  - Hospital dentistry--survival?

PMID- 3868724
TI  - Orthognathic surgery of the mandible without intermaxillary fixation.

PMID- 3868725
TI  - Sharpening the curette for root planing.

PMID- 3868726
TI  - Overhangs: what to do about them.

PMID- 3868727
TI  - Pathogenesis of periodontal disease: overhanging margins of dental restorations.

PMID- 3868728
TI  - A personal approach to caries prevention in private practice.

PMID- 3868729
TI  - [The clinical evaluation of serum CA 19-9 and CA 125 levels in patients with
      malignant tumors. Comparison with serum CEA levels].

PMID- 3868730
TI  - Extraosseous osteogenic sarcoma arising from the retroperitoneum: a case report.
AB  - A 44-year-old housewife with a mass in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen was
      admitted. The tentative diagnosis was cystadenocarcinoma arising from the
      pancreatic tail, as determined by CT and selective angiography. Excision of the
      mass with removal of the spleen, pancreatic tail, left renal capsule and
      surrounding lymphnodes was performed. Photomicroscopic sections revealed
      proliferation of malignant cells and malignant osteoids. The final diagnosis was
      osteogenic sarcoma arising from the retroperitoneum. Among the extraosseous
      osteogenic sarcoma arising from the somatic soft tissue, involvement of the
      retroperitoneum is rare. Only 12 cases including our own case have been reported
      as being of retroperitoneal origin. No patient survived for five years and in our
      patient, there are signs of recurrence one year after the surgery.

PMID- 3868731
TI  - Computers in paediatrics: 16. Computer programme to calculate and compare Kaplan
      Meier survivor function estimates.

PMID- 3868732
TI  - [Light-curing composite resin restorations of teeth discolored by tetracyclines].

PMID- 3868733
TI  - [Necessity of splints in the management of periodontal diseases].

PMID- 3868734
TI  - [Resection of flabby tissue].

PMID- 3868735
TI  - [Safety standard of medical materials].

PMID- 3868736
TI  - [Anti-bacterial effect of ofloxacin--in vitro and in vivo results].
AB  - Gram (-) bacteria such as E. coli, B. proteus, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas sp were
      found to be sensitive to Ofloxacin 98.3%, 96.7%, 96.9%, and 89.1% respectively.
      Among Gram (+) bacteria, 98% of Staph aureus and 95% of Staph epidermidis were
      susceptible to this drug. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of Ofloxacin for
      the Shigella strains have been found to be between 0.1-0.05 mcg/ml (76%) and 0.05
      0.025 mcg/ml (20%). Thirty three patients with various infection have been
      treated with ofloxacin; in acute cases the efficacy of the drug was 100%, but
      reinfections or relapse developed in about half of the patients with chronic and
      complicated urinary tract infections, 15-20 days after discontinuation of the
      drug. No serious side effect has been observed.

PMID- 3868738
TI  - Visable light cured composite resins.

PMID- 3868737
TI  - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in relapse presenting as a breast lump: a case
      report.

PMID- 3868739
TI  - [The extensive amalgam restoration and retention possibilities].

PMID- 3868740
TI  - [The edentulous patient: diagnostics and treatment].

PMID- 3868741
TI  - [Dental status, treatment needs, oral hygiene and pediatric dental care in the
      municipality of 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands].

PMID- 3868742
TI  - Analysis of neuropathological changes in the central nervous system of 51
      patients who died from proliferative hematological diseases.

PMID- 3868743
TI  - Nursing as a partnership. Interview by Lyndon Keene.

PMID- 3868744
TI  - Nurses and stress.

PMID- 3868745
TI  - Nursing history--a different perspective.

PMID- 3868746
TI  - The state of health to come.

PMID- 3868747
TI  - A saved little heart.

PMID- 3868748
TI  - Fracture of the tibia and fibula.

PMID- 3868749
TI  - Nursing administration: is it off the rails?

PMID- 3868751
TI  - Community health nursing services and area health boards.

PMID- 3868750
TI  - Serving the workforce.

PMID- 3868752
TI  - The atrophied mandible. A challenge for dentists.

PMID- 3868753
TI  - Hospital dentistry. Staff privileges and the law.

PMID- 3868754
TI  - Professional corporations. Recent developments on formation and taxation.

PMID- 3868755
TI  - Sugar-sweetened medications. A dental caries risk.

PMID- 3868757
TI  - Women and mental health: issues of special concern.

PMID- 3868758
TI  - Clarifying ANA's resolution on titling and entry into practice.

PMID- 3868756
TI  - [Testicular recurrences in children with lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma].

PMID- 3868759
TI  - Practicum/elective: an effective solution.

PMID- 3868760
TI  - Nurse-midwives in malpractice crisis.

PMID- 3868761
TI  - New restorative methods: another problem for a crowded curriculum.

PMID- 3868762
TI  - Pulp capping with a new visible-light-curing calcium hydroxide composition
      (Prisma VLC Dycal).

PMID- 3868763
TI  - Advanced periodontitis in the primary dentition: case report.

PMID- 3868764
TI  - Cariogenic potential of presweetened breakfast cereals.

PMID- 3868765
TI  - Fluoride ion release from ultraviolet light-cured sealants containing sodium
      fluoride.

PMID- 3868766
TI  - Evaluation of the sedative effect of rectally administered diazepam for the young
      dental patient.

PMID- 3868767
TI  - Neuropathologic chewing in comatose children.

PMID- 3868768
TI  - The Nance-Horan syndrome of dental anomalies, congenital cataracts,
      microphthalmia, and anteverted pinna: case report.

PMID- 3868769
TI  - Oral actinomycosis in children: case reports.

PMID- 3868770
TI  - Neuroblastoma: case involving metastases to the mandible.

PMID- 3868771
TI  - The effects of anti-leukemic therapy on the developing dentition: case report.

PMID- 3868772
TI  - Cohen syndrome: case report.

PMID- 3868773
TI  - Active peptides from amphibian skin are also amphibian neuropeptides.
AB  - Immunohistochemical data on several newt brain areas showed a heterogeneous
      system of neuronal elements, immunopositive for antisera specifically directed to
      different antigenic determinants of tachykinin molecules. Acid extracts of newt
      brain areas were immunopositive for substance P with an antibody specific for the
      COOH-terminal (tachykinin determinant) and exhibits an elution profile by gel
      filtration characteristic to substance P. Bombesin-like immunoreactivity was
      demonstrable both by immunohistochemistry (fibers and cell bodies in forebrain
      and hypothalamic areas) and by radioimmunoassay, using an antiserum specific for
      the mid-region of the molecule. This immunoreactivity was separated into two
      peaks by gel filtration chromatography. Sauvagine-like material was detected by
      immunohistochemistry in newt hypothalamus as a loose preoptic cell system and as
      a thin fiber layer in the outer zone of the median eminence. Double staining
      procedures demonstrate that sauvagine and CRF are spatially closely related but
      separable in both the preoptic area and in the median eminence. This data on the
      presence of several amphibian skin peptides in the CNS of the newt suggests their
      possible role as neuropeptide.

PMID- 3868774
TI  - Intracisternal bombesin induced inhibition of gastric secretion is not mediated
      through prostaglandin or opioid pathways.
AB  - Neuromedin B, a mammalian decapeptide which shares homology with the carboxyl
      terminal fragment of ranatensin R and bombesin, injected intracisternally (880
      pmol) did not modify gastric acid secretion stimulated either by pylorus ligation
      in conscious rats or by pentagastrin infusion in urethane-anesthetized rats.
      Intracisternal bombesin (300 pmol) further enhanced PGE2-induced inhibition of
      gastric acid secretion and suppressed prostaglandin-induced stimulation of
      gastric secretory volume. Gastric response to intracisternal bombesin was not
      modified by indomethacin (10 mg/kg) or naloxone pretreatment (5 mg/kg). These
      results suggest that prostaglandin and opiate pathways are not mediating the
      inhibitory effect of intracisternal bombesin on gastric secretion and that
      neuromedin B does not mimic the central action of bombesin to inhibit gastric
      acid secretion.

PMID- 3868775
TI  - Phyllomedusa skin: a huge factory and store-house of a variety of active
      peptides.
AB  - The skin of the neotropical hylid frogs belonging to the subfamily.
      Phyllomedusinae is a formidable factory and store-house of a variety of active
      peptides belonging to seven distinct families: the caeruleins (represented by
      phyllocaerulein), the bradykinins (phyllokinin), the tachykinins (phyllomedusin),
      the bombesins (phyllolitorin, [Leu8]phyllolitorin, rohdei-litorin), sauvagine,
      the dermorphins (dermorphin, [Hyp6]dermorphin) and finally the tryptophyllins (a
      set of 8-11 members). Another linear peptide and three diketopiperazines should
      be added to the list. The biochemical and pharmacological positions of the
      Phyllomedusa peptides within their families is briefly discussed, dwelling upon
      some recent and controversial data.

PMID- 3868776
TI  - [Shape of face in retrognathism--radiographic study. I].

PMID- 3868778
TI  - [Indication and contraindication of small fixed orthodontic appliances].

PMID- 3868777
TI  - [Extraoral traction in orthodontic therapy. II: The therapy of retrognathism, a
      clinical study].

PMID- 3868779
TI  - [Construction of an instrument for electrogustometric measurement].

PMID- 3868780
TI  - The interferon/2-5A synthetase system in primary preleukaemia patients.

PMID- 3868781
TI  - Conservative restoration of fractured cusps with posterior composite resins.

PMID- 3868782
TI  - In vitro marginal leakage of composite resin restorations using a combination of
      conventional and microfilled resins.

PMID- 3868783
TI  - Microleakage of four composite resins over a glass ionomer cement base in Class V
      restorations.

PMID- 3868784
TI  - The effect on marginal microleakage of using a combination of cavity varnishes
      and calcium hydroxide intermediary bases--an in vitro study.

PMID- 3868785
TI  - Computers for the dental practice.

PMID- 3868786
TI  - Treatment of an endodontic-periodontic lesion: a case report.

PMID- 3868787
TI  - [Cryptosporidium enteritis in a leukemic patient].

PMID- 3868788
TI  - [Formation of platelet thromboxane in a patient with type I glycogenosis].

PMID- 3868789
TI  - [Study methods of the electrochemical corrosion of amalgams in an oral
      environment].

PMID- 3868790
TI  - [Allergy to acrylic complete dentures].

PMID- 3868791
TI  - [Centric relation and the stomatognathic system].

PMID- 3868792
TI  - [Immunological aspects in homeopathic treatment of periodontal disease].

PMID- 3868793
TI  - [Periodontal probing. Its role in general practice].

PMID- 3868794
TI  - A new payment schedule?

PMID- 3868795
TI  - A profile of injury mortality in Rhode Island, 1980-1982.

PMID- 3868796
TI  - Clinical prediction of the violent patient.

PMID- 3868797
TI  - Vibrio parahaemolyticus osteomyelitis of 12 years' duration.

PMID- 3868798
TI  - Computers and the medical office.

PMID- 3868799
TI  - Radiographic case of the month: hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy.

PMID- 3868800
TI  - [Lymphatic invasion of cancers of the oral cavity. A diagnostic strategy].
AB  - The diagnostic of ganglionnary invasion in oral cancer is established throughout
      the histological investigation practiced during the operation. This histological
      inquiry has to be rigorous and logical, in conformity with the anatomical
      particularities of the drainage tubes of the oral mucous. The accurate execution
      of this diagnostical strategy applied to the ganglionnary invasion improves the
      prognostic but requires a good logistic support.

PMID- 3868801
TI  - [Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia or Kimura's disease].
AB  - A rare affection of unknown etiology that is benign but frequently recurrent,
      Kimura's disease involves infiltration of the dermis and hypodermis usually of
      the face. Documented data exists describing clinical findings and results of
      histopathology that are analogous but are grouped under other names:
      angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia, pyogenic pseudogranuloma, atypical
      pyogenic granuloma. A case followed up for 13 years is reported.

PMID- 3868802
TI  - [Oral and cutaneous lesions in Crohn's disease. A case report].
AB  - Cutaneous and buccal manifestations of Crohn's disease are common. They are
      diagnostically helpful either by their specificity or from a biopsy which whilst
      access is easy offers less satisfactory results with buccal lesions.
      Stomatological clinical aspects are varied, most commonly of aphthoid or
      vesicular stomatitis type (as in the case reported here).

PMID- 3868803
TI  - [Dental infections and sinusoscopy].
AB  - Sinuscopy, a simple procedure which can be performed under local anesthesia, is
      of diagnostic interest when it elucidates certain doubtful radiological
      appearances. Biopsies under direct vision are possible. It is of therapeutic
      value in, for example, the marsupialisation of cysts and the extraction of
      intrasinus foreign bodies.

PMID- 3868804
TI  - [Ankylosing temporomandibular arthritis following masseter cellulitis. 3 cases].
AB  - Treatment of temporomandibular ankylosis complicating masseter muscle cellulitis
      in three patients, as a result of a dental lesion, required wide excision of bone
      structure and, in two cases, of adjacent infected soft tissues.

PMID- 3868805
TI  - [Prevention of bacterial endocarditis in heart patients during dental
      procedures].
AB  - Better understanding of the mechanisms of the development of subacute bacterial
      endocarditis following stomatological procedures in the patient with heart
      disease implies the more rational use of prophylactic measures. Preventive
      antibiotics, often given empirically, decrease the unavoidable bacteremia
      threshold and hence the threat of endocarditis. After reviewing the risks factors
      linked with the cardiac problem and with the stomatological procedure, the
      authors justify the choice of a simple prophylactic protocol, linked both to the
      microbial types encountered as well as to commonly used effective antibiotics.

PMID- 3868806
TI  - [Idiopathic bilateral salivary megacanals. Apropos 16 cases].
AB  - Investigation in 16 patients attending the stomatology outpatients clinic over
      the last 18 years has enabled definition of a particular radioclinical entity
      that has been named "idiopathic bilateral salivary megacanal". This generally
      parotid affection occurs in patients between 50 and 60 years, the onset usually
      being by an episode of sialodochitis. In addition to these inflammatory attacks
      there is the persistence of a bilateral "salivary ejaculation" from the ostia of
      the principal glands, sometimes after manual expression of a mucoid plug.
      Sialography shows dilatation of canals, the appearance being very suggestive for
      Stensen's duct, which becomes sinuous, enrolled and segmented. Dilatation is
      bilateral and affects the total length of the duct. The problem arises as to
      whether etiopathogenicity is from parietal canalar dysplasia or a constitutional
      anomaly of the nerve plexus comparable with that described in congenital
      megacolon. The latter hypothesis is plausible but requires confirmation from
      histopathology. The always benign course of the disease justifies conservative
      therapy only: oral antibiotics and canal massage several times a day, with a
      neostomy only when absolutely necessary.

PMID- 3868807
TI  - [Mandibular mucoepidermoid tumor].
AB  - One case of mandibular mucoepidermoid tumour was observed in a 57 years old man.
      A progressive swelling of the mandible was shown with an osteolytic feature on
      roentgenograms. It was treated by hemimandibulectomy. Grossly, the neoplasm was
      partly cystic. Histologically, it was mainly composed of intermediate clear
      cells. Its ultrastructure was quite similar to that of mucoepidermoid tumours in
      other sites. Heterotopic salivary lobules, though lacking in our case, seem to
      play the major role in the genesis of these tumours.

PMID- 3868808
TI  - [Role of computed tomography in the radiologic exploration of the
      pterygomaxillary fossa].
AB  - The authors show the interest of C.T. examination of pterygo-maxillary region,
      principally in the pre-therapeutic staging of the maxillo-facial neoplasy. The
      anatomical division of the fossa in four regions (pterygoid muscle area,
      lateropharyngeal area, pterygo-palatine fossa and retro-maxillary-malar area) can
      be easily applied to C.T. study. Cuts must be taken axially, in the orbito-meatal
      plane, and coronally always if possible, before and after administration of
      contrast medium. Six, out of thirty six cases studied were demonstrative. It
      appears that C.T. examination must be performed immediately after conventional
      radiology in the staging of maxillo-facial neoplasy. It shows with considerable
      accuracy not only the bony involvement, but also the extension in the soft
      tissues (interest of the densitometric study of fat) and aeric structures. It
      sometimes brings the solution of special clinical problems (Trismus, neuralgia of
      the facial nerve).

PMID- 3868809
TI  - [Maxillofacial sequelar manifestations of Silverman's syndrome].
AB  - The Silverman's syndrome or "child abuse syndrome" consist in several symptomes
      whose about 50% are maxillo-facial ones. These which are must often unknown at
      the initial stage, are responsible for an after effect syndrome, involving very
      significant nasal, oral, labial and buccal lesions. The anomalies of facial
      growth are the results of chronic lesions of cartilagenous septum and of nose
      bone area. A better understanding of this syndrome should held to diagnose it as
      quickly as possible. Indeed children are endangered by a lack of protective
      measures.

PMID- 3868810
TI  - [Sutton's periadenitis mucosa necrotica recurrens. An optical-ultrastructural
      case study].
AB  - An optic-ultrastructural study is realized, emphazising the presence of: a)
      Intermediate lymphocytes, that we interpret as T-activated; b) Activated
      endothelial cells (prominent, rich in Weibel-Palade's bodies, well developed
      nuclei- and cytoskeletons); c) Classic and native myofibroblasts, partially
      responsible for the cicatricial contraction. We postulate that the changes in the
      connective-vascular tissue of the chorion represent an anarchic and reactive
      fibroangioblastic hyperplasia and favors the typical recurrences of this process.

PMID- 3868811
TI  - [Myocutaneous island flap of the lower trapezius. Its value in facial oncology
      practice].
AB  - Among the numerous musculo-cutaneous flaps, the lower trapezius island appears an
      interesting procedure for punctual indications. The authors report their
      experience in utilisation of this flap for reconstruction of defects in auricular
      area, and in the buccal cavity. They point out some practical problems
      encountered when raising the flap.

PMID- 3868812
TI  - [Antibiotic management in oral medicine].
AB  - Although antibiotic therapy cannot replace surgical drainage of pus and ablation
      of necrotic tissue, it plays an essential role in the treatment of buccodental
      infections by preventing vascular dissemination responsible for bacterial
      endocarditis and infection of cardiovascular and hip prostheses. It also prevents
      complications due to local spread of infection (sinus cavernosus thrombosis,
      osteomyelitis, maxillary sinusitis, Ludwig's angina). Bacteriology of
      stomatologic infections of dental origin is complex and usually reflects buccal
      endogenous flora. Infections due to anaerobic germs are increasing in frequency
      in line with streptococcal affections. The choice of effective antibacterial
      treatment is complicated by the difficulty in isolating responsible germs and the
      need for diffusion of the antibiotic into bone and tonsillar tissues. Penicillin
      G, ampicillin and amoxicillin, possibly combined with a betalactamase inhibitor,
      macrolide and imidaxole derivative, are products responding best to bacteriologic
      and pharmacokinetic criteria for treatment of buccodental infections.

PMID- 3868813
TI  - Designing a datacommunications network to support decentral computer facilities
      within the Eurotransplant organization.
AB  - For Eurotransplant the main aspects in processing the data are time, quality and
      volumes. The present trends appear to hand us the right opportunity to reconsider
      the existing information system. New scientific developments, renewal of the
      software, a fast growth of quantities and an increasing demand for
      decentralization have created the pre-condition for a project, in which a main
      task is fulfilled by a data-communications system. Here a dynamic new field is
      entered in a decade of growing user-awareness and interest. Public
      Telecommunication Companies and manufacturers, although having just established
      the first agreements in numerous standardization committees, are now being pushed
      to speed up. Eurotransplant, however, needs a professional system now which takes
      care of network management, data security, availability and so on. Specifications
      for a network are investigated and a pilot study is undertaken to show that
      international data communication is possible.

PMID- 3868814
TI  - A radiographic survey of supernumerary teeth in Malaysian children.

PMID- 3868815
TI  - The cracked tooth syndrome--a case report.

PMID- 3868816
TI  - The use of comforters and dental caries in the Singaporean preschool children.

PMID- 3868817
TI  - Oral cancer teaching to students and practitioners.

PMID- 3868818
TI  - Relative effectiveness in plaque removal by three toothbrush designs and a new
      clinical method of interproximal plaque evaluation.

PMID- 3868819
TI  - Oral tolerance to three different preparations of chlorhexidine mouthrinses.

PMID- 3868820
TI  - The prevalence of dental caries in preschool children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

PMID- 3868821
TI  - Avulsed teeth.

PMID- 3868823
TI  - [Dental health education. 3. Toothbrushing instruction in nurseries].

PMID- 3868822
TI  - [Toward uniting clinical and academic dentistry].

PMID- 3868824
TI  - [Soft lasers in dentistry].

PMID- 3868826
TI  - [Clinical use of the Uni-Laser].

PMID- 3868825
TI  - [Use of soft lasers in dentistry].

PMID- 3868827
TI  - [Use of soft lasers in dentistry].

PMID- 3868828
TI  - [Comparison of the physical and clinical manipulative properties of dust-free
      alginate impression materials and the currently used types].

PMID- 3868829
TI  - [Orthodontic approaches in periodontics--2].

PMID- 3868830
TI  - [Use of amalgam versus composite resins for fillings in molar teeth].

PMID- 3868831
TI  - Dentists' experiences of immigrants as patients.
AB  - The use of dental services by immigrants in Sweden has been the object of several
      recent studies, but no investigations have been made about immigrants as patients
      from the dentist's point of view. A questionnaire, including detailed questions
      about treatment of adult immigrant patients during 1983, was sent to all private
      practising dentists and PDS clinics in the 10 local council areas with the
      highest percentages of immigrants in Stockholm County. The response rate was 93%.
      All PDS clinics and 84% of the private practitioners had treated immigrants.
      Language difficulties, poor knowledge of dentistry, difficulties in keeping
      treatment times and exaggerated expressions of pain were the most frequent
      problems with immigrant patients. The need for treatment was considered to be
      generally higher among immigrants than native patients. Prophylaxis and
      periodontics were unanimously considered to be the most difficult treatment
      measures for immigrants. Better information to immigrants on dental disease and
      dental care and a better interpreter service were suggested to improve the
      situation.

PMID- 3868832
TI  - Buffer effect, secretion rate, pH and electrolytes of stimulated whole saliva in
      relation to the renin-aldosterone system.
AB  - The aim of this investigation was to study the relationship between the activity
      of the renin-aldosterone system and the buffer effect, secretion rate and
      electrolyte concentration of stimulated saliva in healthy subjects. Based on the
      results of previous salivary tests, 10 subjects with "low" (group A) and 10
      subjects with "high" (group B) buffer effect and secretion rate of stimulated
      whole saliva were studied. Samples of stimulated whole saliva, blood and urine
      were collected on three occasions with one week intervals. For saliva, buffer
      effect, secretion rate, pH, Na+ and K+ concentrations, and Na+/K+ ratio were
      determined as were plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma concentration of
      aldosterone, and concentration of Na+ and K+ in serum, and Na+, K+ and creatinine
      in urine. The daily sodium and potassium intake was also calculated but did not
      differ between the groups. With the exception of K+ concentration, which was
      significantly higher, all salivary values of group A were significantly lower. In
      group A there was a relationship between PRA and plasma concentration of
      aldosterone, on the one hand, and buffer effect, secretion rate, and salivary K+
      concentration, on the other. This relationship could not be demonstrated in group
      B. A possible explanation is that the higher secretion rate of the latter group
      obscured the effect of the renin-aldosterone system.

PMID- 3868833
TI  - Alginate impression materials, dimensional stability and surface detail sharpness
      following treatment with disinfectant solutions.
AB  - A study was made of the influence of six dissimilar disinfectants on the
      dimensional stability and the surface detail sharpness of four alginate
      impression materials. All combinations of alginates and disinfectant solutions
      produced quite acceptable results as regards dimensional stability one hour after
      the impression material had been sprayed with the disinfectant. As regards
      surface detail sharpness one hour after this spraying certain combinations of
      alginates and disinfectant solutions showed better results than others. Immersion
      of the alginates in disinfectant solutions for one hour or more produced
      unacceptable changes.

PMID- 3868834
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at the 22nd annual congress, Odontologisk
      Riksstamma, of the Swedish Dental Society. November 13-15, 1985.

PMID- 3868835
TI  - Dentist's specialty gives patients something to smile about. Interview by Robert
      Cross.

PMID- 3868836
TI  - Denture cleansers: Part I--A survey of the availability of denture cleansers in
      South Africa.

PMID- 3868837
TI  - Denture cleansers: Part II--A survey of instructions given by dentists on denture
      cleansing.

PMID- 3868838
TI  - Denture cleansers: Part III--A survey of materials and methods employed by
      denture wearers.

PMID- 3868839
TI  - Long-term temporary crowns made from visible-light-cured resins.

PMID- 3868840
TI  - Probing and sound in periodontics.

PMID- 3868841
TI  - MRC statement on smoking and health. Medical Research Council.

PMID- 3868842
TI  - [Indication and results of esthetic surgery in the maxillofacial region].

PMID- 3868843
TI  - [Secretory behavior of the major salivary glands during telecobalt irradiation].

PMID- 3868845
TI  - [Use of free palatal mucosal transplants for the treatment of periodontal
      recession].

PMID- 3868846
TI  - [The problem of tooth extrusion].

PMID- 3868844
TI  - [Risk of alveolitis after dental extraction].

PMID- 3868847
TI  - [Occupational environment factors in the dental-clinical working place].

PMID- 3868848
TI  - [Effect on bone apposition and remodeling in the jaw--experimental animal
      studies. 1: Piezoelectricity of bone tissue and orthodontic bone remodeling].

PMID- 3868849
TI  - [Age and number of patients with dental crowding in case material from the Clinic
      of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics in Budapest].

PMID- 3868850
TI  - [Effective prevention of exogenously caused anomalies in nursery school-age
      children].

PMID- 3868851
TI  - [Epidemiological and bioanalytical studies of dental crowding and its treatment.
      2].

PMID- 3868852
TI  - [Clinical and exfoliative-cytological appearance of the gingiva with and without
      toothbrushing stimulation. 3: Longitudinal study of inflammatory gingival
      changes].

PMID- 3868853
TI  - [Effect of hot food on the structure and mass ratio of the periodontium in the
      mixed dentition].

PMID- 3868854
TI  - [Cold tests in experiments with tissue models].

PMID- 3868855
TI  - [Comparative studies on inpatient traumatology case material from 2 partner
      clinics].

PMID- 3868856
TI  - [Noise evaluation of aerosol-spray suction tubes].

PMID- 3868857
TI  - [Study technics and disease forms of the major salivary glands using
      radiography].

PMID- 3868858
TI  - [Personal experiences in the diagnosis and therapy of jaw cysts].

PMID- 3868859
TI  - [Use of chlorhexidine in treatment of problematic cases of chronic apical
      periodontitis].

PMID- 3868860
TI  - [Cytotoxicity of tetrafluorethylene-glow-polymer (TFE-GP) and materials coated by
      it].

PMID- 3868861
TI  - [Territorial antibiograms in the health catchment area of the Clinic of
      Maxillofacial Surgery at the University of Leipzig].

PMID- 3868862
TI  - [Comparative histological and radiological studies of bone reactions to
      implantation of electrically charged polymers (Electret and Piezopolymer)].

PMID- 3868863
TI  - [Reaction of cultured cells to various phthalocyanines].

PMID- 3868864
TI  - [An interesting case: the Rothmund syndrome].

PMID- 3868865
TI  - [Periodontal treatment needs in the population of a large town].

PMID- 3868866
TI  - [Problems of exposure of the tooth cervix].

PMID- 3868867
TI  - [Structural pattern of dental plaque. A study of its development--its consistency
      and variability].

PMID- 3868869
TI  - [Determination of regional indicators of oral health as a basis for dental care
      strategies, for example the Erfurt district].

PMID- 3868868
TI  - [Structural anomalies and their significance in treatment planning for children
      and adolescents].

PMID- 3868870
TI  - [5-year epidemiological study of the prevalence and progression of gingivitis and
      periodontitis in adolescents].

PMID- 3868871
TI  - [The overall occlusal contact surface in static occlusion on dental models with
      various morphology].

PMID- 3868872
TI  - [Clinical and experimental studies on the extent of endpoint anesthesia during
      injection of the periodontal ligament].

PMID- 3868873
TI  - [Fixed dentures and the marginal periodontium].

PMID- 3868874
TI  - [The importance of function in orthodontics].

PMID- 3868876
TI  - X-linked retinal disorders and the Lyon hypothesis.
AB  - The heterozygous states in X-linked ocular albinism, choroideremia and X-linked
      retinitis pigmentosa are described. Their fundus appearances differ, to a greater
      or lesser extent, from those of hemizygous (affected) males and a possible
      explanation for these differences is briefly discussed.

PMID- 3868875
TI  - Recent advances in the understanding of retinoblastoma.
AB  - Two distinct disease entities are recognisable in retinoblastoma. In the
      commonest form of the condition a solitary tumour involves only one eye and may
      be of relatively late onset. Less frequently, multiple tumours are encountered
      and may involve both eyes. Onset tends to be early and this form of the disease
      is transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion. Although in the genetically
      determined form of retinoblastoma all retinal cells contain abnormal genetic
      material, only a very few undergo neoplastic change. Individually, the resultant
      tumours are indistinguishable in terms of clinical appearance and response to
      treatment from those of non-genetic retinoblastoma. The intriguing similarities
      of the different forms of the tumour may be explained by a new hypothesis which
      suggests that retinoblastoma may result from the loss of a pair of suppressor
      genes. When present, this pair of genes may also have a suppressor effect for
      other types of tumour. Loss of this suppression for tumours other than
      retinoblastoma may explain why survivors of genetic disease are highly
      susceptible to second, non-ocular neoplasms. If the gene can be identified using
      DNA probes, antenatal diagnosis of those who inherit the retinoblastoma gene may
      be possible in certain families.

PMID- 3868877
TI  - The genetic implications of optic disc anomalies.
AB  - Congenital anomalies of the optic disc may be inherited, such as drusen, the
      tumours of Von Hippel-Lindau disease, the phakomata in tuberous sclerosis and
      colobomata which may be dominant, autosomal recessive or x-linked recessive.
      Colobomata may be a sign of chromosomal disease, often with severe systemic
      implications, but it is just as important that some anomalies have no genetic
      implications, for instance optic disc hypoplasia, Aicardi's syndrome, the Morning
      Glory syndrome, myelinated nerve fibres, many vascular anomalies and all glial
      anomalies.

PMID- 3868878
TI  - Quantitative changes in blood-retinal barrier function in central retinal vein
      occlusion.
AB  - Posterior vitreous fluorescence was measured with a fluorophotometer 60 minutes
      after intravenous sodium fluorescein (14 mg/kg) in 6 patients (age range 30 to 54
      years) with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Plasma free fluorescein was
      measured at frequent intervals for 60 minutes. A permeability index (PI) was
      estimated by dividing the area under the vitreous fluorescence scan by the area
      under the plasma free fluorescein curve. Initially mean PI was 24.3 (range 12.6
      31.6) and 2.1 (range 1.3-31.) cm s-1 X 10(-7) in affected and unaffected eyes
      respectively. After 6 to 12 months, PI in affected eyes approached the values in
      the unaffected eyes of 5 patients with mild CRVO but remained elevated in one
      patient who presented with severe (ischaemic) CRVO. In each patient qualitative
      changes in retinal appearances paralleled quantitative changes in PI. The effect
      of venous outflow obstruction on the blood-retinal barrier can be quantitated by
      fluorophotometry.

PMID- 3868879
TI  - Can chorio-retinal biopsy be justified?

PMID- 3868880
TI  - Topical retinoic acid therapy for disorders of the outer eye.
AB  - Topical all trans retinoic acid (tretinoin) 0.1 per cent has been used to treat
      eight patients with squamous metaplasia and keratinisation of the conjunctiva. In
      four patients the changes followed Stevens-Johnson syndrome, one patient had
      chronic atopic kerato conjunctivitis, one had persistent epithelial erosions
      following sarcoid related kerato conjunctivitis sicca complicated by preservative
      induced epithelial toxicity, one had a recurrent Bowen like epithelial dysplasia
      and one had an unclassifiable primary ocular surface disorder. Improvement in
      symptoms and signs were noted in all patients but local irritation developed in
      some and the optimum dosage remains to be determined. Problems of formulation and
      stability of the preparation need to be solved before topical retinoid therapy
      can be more widely used.

PMID- 3868881
TI  - Management of retinal detachment in the Wagner-Stickler syndrome.
AB  - Thirty six retinal detachments in 33 patients with Wagner-Stickler syndrome are
      reported. The results of surgery are correlated with the types of break (giant
      retinal tear or multiple breaks), the surgical approach (conventional buckling or
      closed microsurgery) and the presence or absence of proliferative
      vitreoretinopathy. Overall, 27 detachments were successfully reattached.

PMID- 3868882
TI  - Avulsed retinal vessels with and without retinal breaks--treatment and extended
      follow-up.
AB  - Between 1975 and 1984 65 cases of avulsed retinal vessels were studied. Of these
      57 had avulsed vessels with retinal tear and 8 without. Of the affected eyes:
      55.38 per cent were emmetropic, while myopia was present only in 29.23 per cent.
      Degenerative alterations (lattice-like lesions) were found in 4.61 per cent of
      cases. Argon laser treatment was applied in 30 cases (Group A), episcleral sponge
      implant with cryopexy and, in some instances, subsequent laser treatment in 34
      cases (Group B). In one case vitrectomy with endodiathermy was performed. With
      the silastic sponge implants (Group B) we tried to obtain a high buckle in order
      to achieve immobilisation of the avulsed vessel through contact with the implant.
      The implants were applied in cases of avulsed vessels located posterior to the
      equator. Group B (sponge implant) showed fewer haemorrhagic recurrences after
      treatment than did Group A (laser application), the difference however was not
      statistically significant. It is also worth mentioning that in Group B the
      avulsed vessels which were occluded or empty of blood were to a statistically
      significant extent more numerous than in the laser-treated Group A. Retinal
      breaks with one or more avulsed retinal vessels constitute a distinct but
      uncommon clinical entity, which was first noted by Clark in 1962. Retinal vessels
      can also be avulsed by vitreous traction without a concurrent retinal tear, but
      can also be avulsed by vitreous traction without a concurrent retinal tear, but
      this condition is found much more rarely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3868883
TI  - An animal model of filtration surgery.
AB  - An animal model for glaucoma fistulising surgery is described. The model is
      designed to fail after a few weeks. It is suggested that the model may be used to
      investigate the effects of topical or systemic agents on the results of glaucoma
      surgery. The preliminary results of intraocular pressure and facility of outflow
      in the control group of rabbits are presented.

PMID- 3868884
TI  - Boxing and the eye: results of a questionnaire.

PMID- 3868886
TI  - Posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation: further review of the Severin
      lens.
AB  - A consecutive series of 116 Severin lens implantations with a mean follow-up time
      of 9 months was reported 2 years ago. In view of the excellent early outcome the
      series was continued and the results of the initial series is further reviewed at
      a mean follow-up time of 28 months. The entire series of 305 Severin lens
      implantations with a mean follow-up time of 21 months is reported. The early
      results are compared with the longer term results. Intraocular lens implantation
      in the United Kingdom is equally divided between extracapsular extractions with a
      posterior chamber lens and intracapsular extractions with an iris fixated lens,
      anterior chamber lenses taking third place. While the advantages of the
      extracapsular technique are undisputed, until YAG Lasers are more widely
      available for dealing with thickened posterior capsules, an intracapsular
      technique with an iris fixated lens may still have a place.

PMID- 3868885
TI  - Preferential looking grating acuities of infants at risk of amblyopia.
AB  - Preferential looking (PL) has been successful in the assessment of visual acuity
      of infants with eye disorders that place them at risk of amblyopia, such as non
      alternating strabismus, anisometropia, and complete unilateral cataracts.
      However, PL acuities do not always conform to clinical expectations. In most
      esotropic infants, even untreated esotropes with a strong fixation preference,
      differences in acuity between eyes are minimal. PL interocular acuity differences
      are marked, however, in optically corrected, severe anisometropia and, after
      surgery and with contact lens in place, in unilateral cataracts. A different
      neural basis for infant PL acuities in strabismic amblyopia vs. anisometropic and
      stimulus deprivation amblyopia is proposed based on the dominance of extrafoveal
      neural elements in detecting PL grating stimuli.

PMID- 3868887
TI  - Long term complications from extracapsular cataract surgery.
AB  - Long term follow up of extracapsular extraction showed visual results superior to
      those previously reported for intracapsular extraction. Ninety-six per cent of
      197 eyes examined five years after extracapsular extraction with capsule
      supported lens implantation had a visual acuity of 6/12 or better. Of the 498
      cases examined three years after surgery, including eyes without implants, 93 per
      cent had a visual acuity of 6/12 or better. Complications were rare provided the
      posterior capsule remained intact. Forty-five per cent of eyes without implants
      had required secondary capsulotomy within three years of surgery, compared with
      11 per cent of eyes in which Binkhorst lenses had been used. Only 27 per cent of
      the eyes with Binkhorst lenses examined seven years after surgery were found to
      have required secondary capsulotomy. Opening of the capsule was seen to increase
      the risk of sight threatening complications, in particular of retinal detachment
      in high myopes. Implantation of posterior chamber lenses appeared to reduce the
      need for capsulotomy even further and it is suggested that their use in high
      myopia may help to lessen the chance of retinal detachment.

PMID- 3868888
TI  - Loa loa: a simple method for isolation of microfilariae from blood with
      production of antigen in extraction medium.
AB  - A simple method for isolating Loa loa microfilariae from the blood of patients is
      described. This involves sedimentation on Ficoll followed by migration of the
      microfilariae into an extraction medium. During migration the microfilariae
      release antigen-rich excretory or secretory products. The procedure thus yields
      two products: pure microfilariae and large amounts of antigen in the extraction
      medium.

PMID- 3868889
TI  - Isolated splenomegaly during remission in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 3868890
TI  - Statute of limitations in dental malpractice actions.

PMID- 3868891
TI  - Use of the CO2 laser in oral and maxillofacial surgery: report of a case.

PMID- 3868892
TI  - [Enamel structure and mineralization in grade 2 or 3 enamel extensions and enamel
      pearls].

PMID- 3868893
TI  - [The treatment of internal periodontal tissue ulceration].

PMID- 3868894
TI  - [Periodontal disease in 15-19 and 20-24-year-olds in Slovenia].

PMID- 3868895
TI  - Proceedings of the Nordic course on vascular prostheses. Skokloster, Sweden, May
      29-31, 1985.

PMID- 3868896
TI  - Options in the management of graft thrombosis.

PMID- 3868897
TI  - Future improvements of grafts.

PMID- 3868898
TI  - The design of clinical graft studies.
AB  - This paper contains certain proposals for future graft studies. Graft failure
      should be defined as any occlusion of the graft. Time should be measured from the
      end of operation to the first occlusion of the graft. The results should be
      analysed by the Kaplan-Meier estimator, and patency rates should be compared by
      the log-rank test or Gehan's test. It is stressed that scientifically valid data
      can only be obtained in prospective, randomized trials.

PMID- 3868899
TI  - Experimental models for graft studies.

PMID- 3868900
TI  - Arterial autografts.

PMID- 3868902
TI  - Endarterectomy vs prosthetic grafting.

PMID- 3868901
TI  - The saphenous vein as a graft or as an arterial bypass?

PMID- 3868903
TI  - Intimal hyperplasia and secondary changes in vein grafts.
AB  - Intimal hyperplasia is of greatest prognostic importance for autologous vein
      grafts. The mechanism of this process is largely unknown, although a combination
      of traumatic, hemodynamic and metabolic factors are probably involved. In
      addition, secondary atherosclerosis may be responsible for diffuse graft
      obstruction. Fibrotic valves, traumatic stenosis and suture stenosis, probably
      due to improper handling during harvesting of the saphenous vein, give rise to
      segmental narrowing of the grafts. Changes in flow characteristics in addition to
      compliance mismatch may be responsible for the occurrence of anastomotic
      hyperplasia seen following implantation of synthetic vascular grafts and vein
      grafts. The prophylaxis and treatment of these conditions is discussed.

PMID- 3868904
TI  - Haemodynamic aspects of vascular grafting.
AB  - We now know that although the basic relationship of pressure, flow and resistance
      as expressed by the Poiseuille equation is useful in understanding basic regional
      haemodynamics, it cannot be applied to pulsatile flow and particularly if any
      measurements are to be made in the study of graft haemodynamics. Measurements of
      pressure wave velocity, and flow wave velocity with calculation of wall
      compliance and impedance are more appropriate. The clinical performance of a
      graft depends on the mechanical properties of the graft and the response of the
      body to the prosthesis in terms of fibrous tissue reaction and thrombus
      deposition. We should aim for grafts with low thrombogenicity, and a compliance
      which after implantation matches that of the arterial wall of the patient.
      Although the animal experiments of the 1980s have given us enough indications of
      what we should aim for, and no doubt they will continue to be the ground for
      preclinical assessment, the time has come for us to develop techniques that will
      allow us to do the same measurements in our patients noninvasively. The high
      resolution M-mode and B-mode echographic vascular imaging and Doppler ultrasonic
      techniques with real-time fast Fourier analysis are with us and should form the
      spearhead for such an approach. By measuring graft compliance, thrombus
      deposition and flow velocities in the grafts implanted in our patients we shall
      bridge the gap between animal experiments and clinical evaluation, providing the
      manufactures with enough information that points the direction towards more
      efficient grafts.

PMID- 3868905
TI  - Wound and graft infection. Clinical aspects and prophylaxis.

PMID- 3868906
TI  - Local treatment of infected arterial grafts.

PMID- 3868907
TI  - Operative treatment of juxtarenal aortic atherosclerosis.
AB  - Symptomatic juxtarenal aortic atherosclerosis is a rare and threatening form of
      aortic disease. The formidable implications of complex aortic reconstruction, the
      high operative mortality and morbidity rate and the uncertainties regarding the
      beneficial effects of operation combined to foster highly conservative attitude
      regarding management. Our reported experience and a brief review which has been
      highlighted in this report, support an aggressive use of combined aortic and
      renal branch repair rather than a staged repair or medical management. Operative
      mortality was higher only in the patients with the most extensive patterns of
      atherosclerosis. This should caution careful preoperative assessment in order to
      plan optimum technique and extent of the reconstruction for these higher risk
      patients. The renal revascularization had a significant beneficial effect on
      hypertension and excretory function observed both early and late following
      operation. Furthermore a lower than expected late mortality supports our
      contention that combined aortic and renal reconstruction increases survival of
      the patients by preventing the complications of progressive renal ischemia,
      accelerated hypertension, and renal failure.

PMID- 3868909
TI  - [The fate of children after discontinuation of treatment of lymphoblastic
      leukemia in the light of experiences of the Polish Group for the Treatment of
      Leukemia and Other Neoplastic Diseases of the Hematopoietic System in Children].

PMID- 3868908
TI  - Association between chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing and fast acetylator phenotype
      in type I and type II diabetes.
AB  - Different prevalences of chlorpropamide alcohol flushing (CPAF) have been
      reported by different authors in either type I or type II diabetics or in normal
      subjects and this could be due to different methodological approaches or to
      different criteria of evaluation of CPAF. Previous studies in small series of
      patients have also suggested the existence of an association between type I
      diabetes and the fast acetylator phenotype (AP). The first aim of this study was
      to find reliable criteria for the assessment of CPAF. The second was to evaluate
      the prevalence of CPAF and of AP in a large series of type I and type II
      diabetics; and the third was to evaluate possible associations of CPAF and AP. AP
      and CPAF were evaluated separately in 256 diabetics (110 with type I and 146 with
      type II diabetes) and in 183 diabetics (74 with type I and 109 with type II
      diabetes), respectively. In 156 of these subjects, the two markers were evaluated
      together. The occurrence of CPAF was studied by subjective and objective
      assessment and by thermographic recording; CPAF was quantified by the
      differential value of skin temperature increase [delta T(C-P)] and by the value
      of differential speed of ascent, expressed in angle-degrees [delta a(C-P)], after
      treatment with placebo and with chlorpropamide. The fast AP was more frequent in
      type I than in type II diabetics, was not related to family history of diabetes,
      sex of the patients, age at onset and duration of diabetes or metabolic control.
      The most reliable assessment of CPAF was represented by thermographic recording
      of speed of ascent of skin temperature. CPAF was more frequent in females than in
      males, more frequent in diabetics than in healthy controls, similarly frequent in
      type I and in type II diabetes and showed no relationship with family history of
      diabetes, age at onset, duration of diabetes or metabolic control. An association
      between fast AP and CPAF was found in type II, but not in type I diabetics: fast
      acetylators were more frequently CPAF-positive, while slow acetylators were more
      frequently CPAF-negative. In addition, a linear relationship was found between
      rate of acetylation and speed of ascent of facial skin temperature after
      chlorpropamide and alcohol in type II diabetics, not in type I diabetics. The
      meaning of this association is not clear and deserves further investigations.

PMID- 3868910
TI  - [A case of lymphoblastic leukemia with blasts of the "hand mirror" type].

PMID- 3868912
TI  - Perinatal growth. The quest for an international reference standard. Working
      papers of an International Workshop of the International Federation of
      Gynecologists and Obstetricians' Sub-committee on Perinatal Epidemiology and
      Health Statistics. Cairo, 11-18 November 1984.

PMID- 3868911
TI  - Oligoclonal IgG bands in cerebrospinal fluid. Methodological and clinical
      aspects.

PMID- 3868913
TI  - Infant outcome, fetal growth, and pregnancy care: relationships in Indonesian
      university obstetrics.
AB  - The risk of perinatal death is displayed for '56 growth combinations', then
      contracted into 16 gestational age/birthweight categories (GA/BW) with additional
      control for antenatal visits (AV;CARE) for 36 000 singleton birth deliveries
      monitored in Indonesia from 1978-1980. For virtually all GA/BW combinations, the
      risk of perinatal death (PD) drops impressively with pregnancy care (Care effect
      on PD). Fetal growth curves are then displayed by infant outcome, the BW
      difference being the deficit birthweight (DBW) that may serve as a specific life
      death growth standard (LDGS)--a reference system in relation to which fetal
      growth curves, to be controlled for factors other than infant outcome, may be
      studied. By controlling for maternal education and pregnancy care, the fetal
      growth curve associated with high pregnancy care and low education (HIAV/LOED) is
      more favorable than that for low pregnancy care and high education (LOAV/HIED).
      In Indonesia then, pregnancy care is more important than formal education in the
      reduction of not only perinatal mortality but also low birthweight (Care effect
      on fetal growth).

PMID- 3868914
TI  - Correlates of fetal growth and survival.
AB  - Data on 36 611 singleton deliveries in Indonesia were used to contrast patient
      characteristics, obstetric history and pregnancy outcome for two birth
      weightgroups among women experiencing the best and poorest stillbirth rates,
      namely 3 000-3 499 g and less than 2 500 g, respectively. The low birthweight
      group was characterized by younger age at first marriage, rural residence, lower
      educational attainment, less antenatal care and poorer pregnancy outcome and
      infant survival. Both groups showed progressive anemia prevalence with increasing
      parity with lower hemoglobin levels for the low birth weight group. Stillbirth
      rates were particularly high (60.6 per 1 000 pregnancies) for the under 20 year
      olds in the lower birthweight group. The results suggest poorer maternal
      nutrition among women with lower educational achievement, higher energy
      expenditures among rural women, nutritional reserves depletion with increasing
      parity and competition between the teenager's nutritional needs for her own
      physical growth and fetal growth as factors in low birthweight and perinatal
      mortality.

PMID- 3868915
TI  - Energy expenditure in the fetus and neonate: sources of variability.
AB  - The paper discusses fetal and neonatal energy expenditure. The extent of the
      variation in fetal energy expenditure is unknown, but calculations are presented
      to show that an average value may be around 18 kcal/kg X d, with the oxidative
      cost of growth being about 13% of the total. In the neonatal period there is
      apparently a large variation in total daily energy expenditure, perhaps as great
      as 70%. This is accounted for partly by methodological difficulties, but also by
      genetic variation in resting metabolism, and by variation in activity,
      nutritional state, growth rate and body composition. Data are presented from the
      literature to give some guidance as to the variability of energy expenditure at
      different weights and postnatal ages.

PMID- 3868916
TI  - Zinc, pregnancy and parturition.
AB  - The role of zinc in the nutrition of pregnant women and its relations to prenatal
      growth and parturition are reviewed. Zinc deficiency (ZD) affects fetal growth
      and development both in experimental animals and in man. The teratogenicity of
      zinc deficiency was widely demonstrated in animals and is also evident in humans.
      Alcohol intoxication potentiates the effects of ZD in animals. Plasma zinc levels
      decrease during pregnancy and apparently an adequate and continuous intake of
      zinc is required for a normal embryonic development. The zinc content of amniotic
      fluid seems to be related with fetal growth but its value as an indicator of
      embryonic development is controversial. Zinc deficiency also affects adversely
      parturition. Mild zinc deficiency may affect a large number of pregnant women,
      being potentially harmful to the mother and the fetus. This situation requires
      the screening of high-risk groups, the definition of adequate dietary intakes for
      each population, and the supplementation with zinc when deficits are detected.

PMID- 3868917
TI  - Zinc in the fetus and newborn.
AB  - The growing fetus and infant are at risk of becoming deficient of zinc, an
      adequate supply of which is essential for normal growth and development. Mild
      maternal zinc depletion was strongly associated with intrauterine growth
      retardation. Low levels of zinc in maternal plasma and poor placental perfusion
      reduced the materno-fetal transfer of zinc. Mean maternal dietary intake of zinc
      was 60% recommended daily allowance and mothers of small-for-gestational-age
      (SGA) babies consumed significantly less zinc than mothers of appropriate-for
      gestational-age babies. In addition, iron/folate supplements, which are often
      routinely prescribed during pregnancy, despite dietary intakes of iron and folate
      being adequate, significantly decreased the oral bio-availability of zinc in
      pregnant women. Zinc supplementation may be beneficial to women at risk of
      delivering SGA babies. Zinc requirements and interactions are also important to
      consider when designing mineral supplements for preterm babies, infant formulae
      and food fortification in developing countries.

PMID- 3868918
TI  - Biologic bases for international fetal growth curves.
AB  - A simple, inexpensive method for assessing maternal nutritional status during
      pregnancy was sought to control for nutrition in the development of fetal growth
      curves for diverse populations. Triceps skinfold thickness was measured at
      intervals throughout pregnancy in 60 Ethiopian women. In normally nourished
      pregnancies this measurement increases in the first two trimesters and decreases
      in the third, reflecting early pregnancy storage of fat and its release in late
      gestation to meet the increasing energy needs of the fetus. Ethiopian women who
      had skinfold thickness increases and decreases as great as those in the United
      Kingdom (UK) had neonates as heavy as those in the UK. This may mean that
      Ethiopian fetuses have the same growth potential as those in the UK and that the
      same growth curves can be used for the two populations. Skinfold thickness
      measurements may be the means by which nutrition can be controlled as a growth
      factor in determining the intrinsic fetal growth potentials of diverse
      populations.

PMID- 3868919
TI  - Some introductory concepts of human growth: an overview.
AB  - Growth study methodology is described with emphasis upon cross-sectional versus
      longitudinal methods. The uses and advantages of velocity growth data are
      presented. Catch-up growth is defined and measurement ratios-indices discussed.
      The methodology necessary for the measurement of key indicators of human growth
      is described. These are body weight, recumbent length, head circumference.

PMID- 3868920
TI  - A methodology for evaluating size at birth.
AB  - Data from the Swedish Medical Birth Registration, 1977-78, were utilized to
      develop methods of calculating reference standards for evaluating size at birth.
      Using the clinical information available, a 'healthy' sub-group was extracted.
      The individual distributions of birthweight (BW), birth length (BL) and birth
      headcircumference (BHc) at each week of gestational age (GA) were modelled
      following some truncation of their ranges. Application of the Box-Cox power
      family of transformations was generally found to improve the normality of the
      data. Certain percentages (such as 2.28, 50 and 97.72) were linked through a
      smoothing device. Features of the results include a positively skewed BW
      distribution in most GA weeks, a normal positively skewed BW distribution in most
      GA weeks, a normal distribution of BL and BHc at term, a larger relative
      variation in BW at lower GA than at term, and a distinct sigmoid shape of the
      median and other BW curves. Compared with five commonly quoted standards, the
      present data show the least deceleration in the fullterm region. Disregarding the
      clinical information, 'primary' sub-groups were also extracted using decomposing
      techniques. These gave rise to similar BW/GA relationships. Using data from the
      WHO comparative study, the method just mentioned was applied to standardize BW
      and BW-specific early neonatal mortality rates. This resulted in an improved
      description of biological events.

PMID- 3868921
TI  - Growth dynamics of low-birth-weight infants.
AB  - The growth of weight, length and head circumference of 65 appropriate for
      gestational age (AGA) preterm infants and 85 full term controls has been studied
      longitudinally, with emphasis on growth velocity in the perinatal period. In
      comparison growth patterns of 51 small for gestational age (SGA) preterm infants
      have been analysed with respect to catch-up growth in relation to feeding
      practices. Weight gain of the AGA preterm infants is retarded until the corrected
      age of two months; their length remains below that of full term controls up to 21
      months on average. Head circumference growth however is similar to intrauterine
      standards and from term agrees with that of the full term controls. Growth
      velocity is very high in the perinatal period and in the first months after term
      and decreases rapidly thereafter.

PMID- 3868922
TI  - Intrauterine growth curves: problems and limitations.

PMID- 3868923
TI  - Failure to thrive in the perinatal period.
AB  - Identification of newborn nutritional inadequacy is one of the major areas in
      perinatal medicine where intervention can influence outcome. An infant's failure
      to thrive may be the result of prenatal and/or post-natal causes. Management of
      failure to thrive in the newborn infant must include identification of the
      problem, establishment of an efficient therapeutic regimen and means of
      evaluating the morbidity which may occur.

PMID- 3868924
TI  - New fetal growth curves for Japanese.
AB  - New fetal growth curves for Japanese have been made with the cooperation of 37
      major medical centers throughout Japan by the sponsorship of the Ministry of
      Health. They are reliable in regard to the adequacy of the sample number, the
      accuracy of the data on gestational age and the proper processes of composing
      growth curves. Effect of sex and parity are significant on weight but not on
      length and head circumference growth curves. The light-for-dates infant is
      defined as below mean -1.5 SD by the statistic analysis of their morbidity. These
      new official fetal growth curves will solve current confusion of several fetal
      growth curves from different institutions in Japan.

PMID- 3868925
TI  - Size at birth in Iceland.
AB  - Anthropometric standards for weight, length and head circumference of Icelandic
      infants at birth are presented. The material concerning weight and crown-heel
      length consisted of 43 364 newborns, the total number of infants born in 1972
      1981. The standards for head circumference were based on 28 978 infants born in
      1975-1981. Multiple births and stillbirths were excluded from the material,
      leaving single livebirths with an estimated length of gestation of 28-44 weeks.
      No further exclusions were made. The material was compared with previous
      standards used in Iceland as well as with other studies of all single livebirths
      in geographically defined populations. Standards for crown-heel length and head
      circumference were compared with other studies based on more limited and
      selective materials. The differences between these studies emphasize the need for
      an international agreement on the methodology for measurement and recording of
      infant growth during the perinatal period.

PMID- 3868926
TI  - The search for perinatal definitions and standards.
AB  - Progress made during the last 60 years in reaching international agreement on
      perinatal terminology is reviewed. Agreed terms currently in use in respect to
      birthweight, gestational age and the collection of perinatal mortality and
      morbidity statistics are stated and defined. Arguments are advanced in support of
      an internationally agreed methodology for the measurement and reporting of infant
      growth in the perinatal period.

PMID- 3868927
TI  - Birthweights in Iceland 70 years apart.
AB  - Birthweights of 389 babies born in 1901-1910 and 6 303 born in 1972-1981 were
      compared. There had been a mean increase in birthweight of 85 g and the
      prevalence of low birthweight had fallen from 5.6% to 3.3%. It is unlikely that
      this apparent secular increase in birthweight is an artefact due to different
      methods of weighing. Probably an increase in maternal height accounts for much of
      the increase in birthweight rather than any other improvement in the quality of
      the intrauterine environment.

PMID- 3868928
TI  - Estimation of the "normal" growth of Swedish infants at term. Preliminary report.
AB  - Using the Swedish Medical Birth Registry for 1983 the birthweights were studied
      from the 38th to the 42nd week of gestation. Several criteria were used in order
      to retain a "normal" population of infants without signs of pathology. The
      mothers all negated smoking. Of about 93 000 livebirths roughly 10% fulfilled the
      criteria. Both in the infants who were the first-born child (n = 5.640) and in
      those who were the second-born child (n = 3.599) there was a successively higher
      mean birthweight for each completed week until 41 weeks. After that a graph
      connecting the mean values showed a significant flattening.

PMID- 3868929
TI  - Practical application of the Bristol Perinatal Growth Chart to Mediterranean
      populations.
AB  - The Bristol Perinatal Growth Chart (gestogram) has been applied to different
      Mediterranean populations and compared to traditional percentile intrauterine
      growth charts. The opinion is stressed that the gestogram system can successfully
      replace traditional intrauterine growth charts and offers the advantage of
      greater simplicity and adaptability.

PMID- 3868930
TI  - The impact of abortion policy on prematurity in Hungary.
AB  - In our country both the high frequency of prematurity and abortion and the
      possible correlation between them have been in the focus of professional interest
      during the last three decades. The harmful effect of abortion is undeniable.
      However, it is not possible to label it as the only or leading factor responsible
      for the high frequency of prematurity.

PMID- 3868931
TI  - Birthweights of infants of teenage mothers in Nairobi.
AB  - Teenage pregnancies lower average birthweight. In the NBS, teenage mothers had
      significantly lower average birthweight of 2 920 +/- 553 g compared with 3 133 +/
      533 g among women in the general population. A high rate of LBW on the infants
      of the teenage mothers was the significant factor in lowering the average
      birthweight. In both NBS and the PMHS the incidence of LBW 18% and 15%
      respectively as well as the rate of preterm delivery of 24% and 23% respectively
      were high. In PMHS although the numbers were small, the incidence of LBW was high
      (13%) in the 14-year-olds and in the 15-year-olds it was 4.8% which was much
      lower than that for 17- and 18-year-olds. In a large series in Nigeria the
      incidence of LBW was 27% in mothers aged less than 15 years, 26% in mothers aged
      15-19, 20% in those aged 20-24 and least (18%) in the 25-29 year age group. Many
      unfavourable socioeconomic circumstances and lack of adequate antenatal
      supervision contribute to these high rates. Some of the teenage mothers
      particularly the very young, below 16 years-are physically immature and are still
      growing children themselves. Their nutrient intake is shared between their own
      growth needs and those of their foetuses. In the Nigerian study, administration
      of folic acid and iron together with antimalarials to pregnant mothers resulted
      in increased maternal height as well as foetal growth, thus stressing the
      importance of nutritional care for the teenage mothers.

PMID- 3868932
TI  - Intra-uterine growth, birthweights and maturity of the African newborn.
AB  - The prevalence of low birthweight in many African countries is higher than in
      developed countries. This is largely because of the greater number of babies who
      are light for gestational age. In general, mean birthweights of African babies at
      various gestational ages are lower than those of developed countries. This is due
      mainly to environmental factors, but an increased prevalence of twinning is one
      genetic factor. When babies of mothers in optimum health were studied,
      birthweights for gestational age were similar to Caucasian babies.

PMID- 3868933
TI  - [Simultaneous occurrence of multiple myeloma and acute myeloblastic leukemia].

PMID- 3868934
TI  - [Intravesical chemotherapy with 4'-EPI-adriamycin in patients with superficial
      bladder tumors (randomized study)].
AB  - Thirty-seven cases of superficial bladder cancer were treated with 4'-epi
      adriamycin (EPI) by intravesical instillation to investigate the optimal dosage
      and treatment schedule. Patients were randomized into either group A: 50 mg/day
      for 6 days (regimen A) or group B: 60 mg/day for 3 days X 2 courses with 4 days
      interval (regimen B). Seventeen cases were evaluated in both groups, three cases
      were ineligible in group B. Patient characteristics such as age, sex, size of
      tumor, stage and grade were not significantly different between the two groups.
      Response rates were 41.2% (group A) and 70.6% (group B), while incidence of
      toxicity was 47.1% and 50.0% respectively. There is a trend in favor of regimen B
      which deserves to be more extensively verified.

PMID- 3868935
TI  - [Various protocols for determining estrogens by the enzymatic method using
      estradiol dehydrogenase. Respective procedures and advantages].
AB  - Up to now, more than 40.000 determinations of urinary estrogens (E1 + E2) have
      been carried out in routine clinical analysis by the enzymatic method using
      estradiol dehydrogenase. This method makes use of the transhydrogenating activity
      of the placental enzyme: this enzyme transfers hydrogen from NADP to NAD with
      recycling of the specific substrate (E1 + E2). For several years the necessary
      reagents have been commercially available in the form of a kit. Nonetheless,
      various improvements have been made to the measurement of reduced NAD, which
      accumulates in the reaction medium and is directly proportional to the
      concentration of the two estrogens. Three protocols are available at present:
      Spectrophotometric measurement at 340 nm (initial technique); Colorimetric
      measurement at 492 nm. The pink colour measured arises from the reduction of a
      tetrazolium salt (INT) by reduced NAD in a coupled system using diaphorase;
      Measurement by bioluminescence of the light energy liberated on the reduction of
      flavin derivatives by NADH. The reaction is mediated by various enzymes isolated
      from marine bacteria (FMN oxidoreductase and luciferase) in the presence of an
      aliphatic aldehyde (decanal). The procedure for each of these protocols is
      described as well as the means for controlling the linearity of the reaction. The
      choice of protocol is determined by the biological fluid available, the speed of
      response desired and the cost of the analysis.

PMID- 3868936
TI  - [Reduction or increase in treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children.
      The treatment of forms with a good prognosis and the treatment of forms with very
      high risk].

PMID- 3868937
TI  - The structure of fibril-forming collagens.
AB  - Although collagen molecules are designed primarily to serve as constituents of
      supporting aggregates in various tissues, they are present as a relatively large
      family of proteins that exhibit a wide diversity in structural and chemical
      features. Molecular diversity is, of course, specified primarily by the different
      genes for synthesis of the various collagen chains. However, intracellular post
      translational modifications of the nascent chains as well as extracellular
      processing of newly assembled molecules contribute to, and considerably amplify,
      the diversity specified by the genome. Moreover, the nature of the aggregates
      derived from various molecular species of collagen reflects this diversity. In
      this fashion, a great deal of chemical and biological variation is created in
      otherwise highly similar molecules such as those classified here as belonging to
      group 1. It is anticipated that further developments regarding these and other
      molecular species of collagen will considerably refine our understanding of the
      spectrum of structure and function associated with this unique family of
      proteins.

PMID- 3868938
TI  - Biology, chemistry, and pathology of collagen.

PMID- 3868939
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the human fibrillar collagen genes.
AB  - In order to elucidate some of the mechanisms leading to the pathological
      expression of the human fibrillar collagens, as well as to understand the
      evolution of these loci, specific cDNA and genomic clones have been isolated. The
      primary structure of the COOH-terminal propeptide of the four collagen chains and
      either part or the entire exon/intron arrangement of the genes have been
      determined. Interspecies and pairwise comparison revealed that the four loci have
      evolved at slightly different rates, maintaining, however, remarkably similar
      exon/intron arrangement. The fibrillar genes, albeit sharing the same elaborate
      structure, exhibit different sizes that correlate with the average length of
      their intron sequences, possibly because of their different chromosomal origin.

PMID- 3868940
TI  - Structure of the type II collagen gene.
AB  - In summary, the exon/intron structure of the chicken type II collagen gene is
      identical with that of the chicken alpha 2(I) collagen gene and differs at only
      one known position from the human and mouse alpha 1(I) genes. However, the
      chicken type II gene is different from the chicken alpha 2(I) gene in that it is
      considerably shorter because of a much smaller average intron size and in that
      the G+C composition of the introns is much higher. The codon usage of the type II
      genes also shows characteristic differences. There is a single copy of the chick
      type II gene per haploid genome.

PMID- 3868942
TI  - Short-chain collagen genes and their expression in cartilage.

PMID- 3868941
TI  - The structure of type IV collagen.

PMID- 3868943
TI  - Structural and functional analysis of the genes for alpha 2(I) and alpha 1(III)
      collagens.

PMID- 3868944
TI  - Structure and expression of the collagen genes of C. elegans.

PMID- 3868945
TI  - Regulation of collagen biosynthesis. Heparin alters the biosynthetic phenotype of
      vascular smooth muscle cells.

PMID- 3868946
TI  - Biosynthesis and properties of procollagens V.

PMID- 3868947
TI  - Anchorin CII, a type II collagen-binding glycoprotein from chondrocyte membranes.

PMID- 3868948
TI  - The role of lymphokines and monokines in fibrosis.
AB  - The close association of mononuclear inflammatory cells and fibroblasts within
      inflammatory loci during fibroplasia and fibrogenesis has prompted investigations
      seeking to identify potential intercellular signals linking inflammation and
      fibrosis. Lymphocytes and macrophages precede the influx of fibroblasts into
      these sites and exist within the lesion as fibroblasts infiltrate, divide, and
      generate components of the extracellular matrix. In vitro studies have revealed
      that activated lymphocytes and monocytes are capable of generating mediators that
      effect these fibroblast functions including stimulation of fibroblast chemotaxis,
      proliferation, and collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis (Figure 2).
      Furthermore, several of these mediators have been found to be spontaneously
      generated by lymphocytes and/or macrophages which have been isolated directly
      from an inflammatory site. Inflammatory cells are also the source of inhibitory
      factors which interrupt fibroblast motility, division, and collagen synthesis.
      Consequently, mononuclear cells appear to be instrumental in the cessation of
      fibrotic mechanisms after normal repair has occurred. The pronounced fibroplasia
      and fibrosis which often occur in association with certain immune-mediated
      disorders (schistosomiasis, pulmonary fibrosis, SCW-induced granuloma) may be the
      consequence of prolonged production of the lymphokines and monokines which
      enhance fibroblast function by chronically stimulated inflammatory cells or
      alternatively, of the failure to generate adequate levels of inhibitory
      molecules. The location and the phenotype of the target fibroblast must also be
      important since some organs (liver, lungs, dermis) frequently demonstrate
      preferential fibrotic sequelae in response to inflammatory stimuli, whereas
      others favor pronounced degradation of connective tissue (synovium). The
      regulation of these connective tissue events appears to involve multiple
      interdependent pathways with both positive and negative feedback control.
      Continued exploration of the lymphocyte and monocyte signals which converge on
      the fibroblast as the target cell will provide further insight into the
      mechanisms of connective tissue repair and pathologic fibrosis.

PMID- 3868949
TI  - Are collagen fibrils in the developing avian cornea composed of two different
      collagen types? Evidence from monoclonal antibody studies.

PMID- 3868950
TI  - Fibroblasts create compartments in the extracellular space where collagen
      polymerizes into fibrils and fibrils associate into bundles.
AB  - Morphogenesis in the animal kingdom is closely coupled with the intracellular
      synthesis and the extracellular deposition of collagen. These morphogenetically
      important events involve multiple steps which begin in compartments inside the
      cell and continue in compartments outside the cell. The movement of matrix
      components from the intracellular compartments to the extracellular compartments
      is a functional continuum. Studies of embryonic chick tendon and cornea
      fibroblasts with the high-voltage (1000 kV) transmission electron microscope have
      provided the beginnings of an understanding of how this functional continuum is
      related to the structural compartments which the cells create. This series of
      compartments, both inside and outside the cell, is involved in collagen
      fibrillogenesis, collagen fibril bundle formation, and tissue morphogenesis.

PMID- 3868951
TI  - Tissue-specific gene expression in mouse F9 embryonal carcinoma cells: type IV
      collagen.

PMID- 3868952
TI  - Endothelial cell-extracellular matrix interactions.

PMID- 3868953
TI  - Mutations in osteogenesis imperfecta leading to the synthesis of abnormal type I
      procollagens.

PMID- 3868954
TI  - Molecular basis of clinical heterogeneity in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
AB  - Mutations which give rise to the many different phenotypes of the Ehlers-Danlos
      syndrome affect both collagen and noncollagen genes but, ultimately, affect the
      function of the major collagens in tissues. The precise phenotypic findings
      depend on the nature of the defect, and the phenotypic changes attributable to a
      single mutation have a relatively limited extent of variability. Analyses of
      these mutants have led to an increased understanding of the role of lysyl
      hydroxylation in collagen function, of the role of type III collagen in tissue
      integrity, and have emphasized the role of trace metals in collagen metabolism. A
      more complete understanding of these disorders will require identification of the
      mutations responsible for the dominant and X-linked EDS phenotypes, using
      classical linkage analysis with restriction fragment length polymorphisms from
      candidate genes, and detailed biochemical study of cells in culture from these
      patients. For the mutations which affect the type III collagen genes, it will be
      important to identify the regions of the mutations and to sequence the mRNA or
      genes involved in order to understand how the mutations affect the intracellular
      and extracellular handling of the molecules. Study of these molecules could have
      important implications for understanding the molecular and cell biology of
      collagen secretion specifically, and protein processing and secretion in general.
      Similarly, identification and characterization of the other mutations which
      result in the EDS phenotypes will lead to increased understanding of the nature
      of interactions of a variety of macromolecules in the extracellular matrix, of
      the control of their synthesis, of their roles in tissue development, and of the
      manner in which their gene expression is controlled.

PMID- 3868955
TI  - Type II collagen-induced arthritis.

PMID- 3868956
TI  - The involvement of type IV collagen in Goodpasture's syndrome.
AB  - Goodpasture's syndrome, involving lung and kidney, is considered to be caused by
      autoantibodies to basement membranes. This paper has described the isolation and
      identification of the antigen, which is isolated from collagenase digests of
      glomerular basement membrane, as a monomer protein of 26,000 daltons and two
      dimers of about 50,000 daltons. Further analyses indicated that the antigenic
      protein is derived from the globular domain of type IV collagen corresponding to
      the NCl peptide. All 22 patients with Goodpasture's syndrome studied had
      circulating antibodies to this antigen, a few had additional antibodies to
      laminin, and only one also had antibodies to the 7S collagen domain. No other
      patient with glomerulonephritis had circulating antibodies to the antigen. The
      isolated protein can therefore be used in an assay specific for Goodpasture's
      syndrome. Interestingly the protein antigen could be identified in glomerular,
      lung, and placenta basement membranes, although the components reacting with the
      antibodies represented different proportions of the preparations.

PMID- 3868957
TI  - Collagen synthesis by scleroderma fibroblasts.

PMID- 3868958
TI  - The structure of type IX collagen.

PMID- 3868959
TI  - The structure of type VII collagen.

PMID- 3868960
TI  - Supramolecular collagen assemblies.

PMID- 3868961
TI  - The structure of the chicken alpha 2 collagen gene.

PMID- 3868962
TI  - Immune response in vaccinia virus infected mice treated with N,N'
      bis/methylisatin-beta-thiosemicarbazone/-2-methylpiperazine.
AB  - The effect of the compound N,N'-bis/methylisatin-beta-thiosemicarbazone/-2
      methylpiperazine (bis-MIBTP) on immune response in BALB/c and Swiss mice have
      been studied in the course of vaccinia virus infection. Humoral response tested
      by neutralization and hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies was similar in
      compound-treated mice to this of untreated mice. Cell-mediated immune response,
      examined by spleen lymphocytes migration inhibition test, has been delayed or
      temporally depressed in bis-MIBTP treated mice as compared with the control
      group. High protective activity of the compound in vaccinia infected mice in
      spite of impairment of cellular immunity may indicate that antibodies have played
      an important role in recovery process from vaccinia infection.

PMID- 3868963
TI  - A protective role of 13-cis retinoic acid in thymic lymphoma induction.
AB  - The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence of X-ray induced lymphomas in
      C57B1/10W mice kept on diet with varying retinoid content. The mice whose diet
      was supplemented with 13-cis retinoic acid (300 mg per kg of chow) developed less
      lymphomas than those kept on Vitamin A deficient diet as well as on a standard
      diet (15 mg per kg of chow). Mice subjected to Vitamin A deficient diet displayed
      a shortening of the latency period.

PMID- 3868964
TI  - Epithelial root-sheath changes during molar formation in the mouse.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the epithelial root-sheath was examined in the first
      mandibular molar teeth of 11, 16 and 21-day-old mice. The changing morphology of
      the sheath was related to root maturity. An initial, predominantly bicellular
      layer progressively shortened in an apical direction, the outer layer more so
      than the inner. The changing morphology appeared to involve maintenance of the
      inner layer largely at the expense of the outer. Some inner-layer cells persisted
      at spaced intervals adjacent to forming acellular cementum. Some epithelial
      rests, distant from the root surface, appeared to be formed early in root
      development at the time of initial root-sheath severance from the cervical loop
      of the enamel organ. Epithelial rests located along the acellular cementum
      appeared to arise from inner, rather than outer, epithelial root-sheath cells and
      at later stages in root development.

PMID- 3868965
TI  - Correlations between human salivary levels of lysozyme, lactoferrin, salivary
      peroxidase and secretory immunoglobulin A with different stimulatory states and
      over time.
AB  - Within-subject correlations for the levels of these salivary proteins were
      determined in unstimulated and stimulated parotid saliva collected from 8
      subjects and for stimulated parotid saliva collected from the same subjects once
      a week for a 4-week period. Initial correlations between unstimulated and
      stimulated samples were high and statistically significant (p less than 0.05) for
      all four proteins. When data were adjusted for variation attributable to flow
      rate and total protein, some correlations remained the same and those for
      lysozyme, lactoferrin and salivary peroxidase increased. However, the correlation
      for secretory immunoglobulin A decreased to a point where it was no longer
      statistically significant. In the weekly comparison, within-subject correlations
      across weeks were significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) for lysozyme,
      lactoferrin and salivary peroxidase, but not for immunoglobulin A. After
      adjustment for flow rate and total protein, the pattern of correlation was
      unchanged. Thus the relative rankings of subjects for levels of lysozyme,
      lactoferrin or salivary peroxidase may be consistent across stimulatory states,
      even though absolute concentrations may change; levels of these proteins in
      stimulated parotid saliva may be maintained over time. Secretory immunoglobulin A
      appears to be more subject to short-term variation.

PMID- 3868966
TI  - Increased polyamine formation in rat salivary glands by stimulation of their
      autonomic nerve supply.
AB  - Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, was
      measured in the three major salivary glands of rats and mice. Enzyme activity and
      glandular putrescine content increased after continuous stimulation of the
      parasympathetic or sympathetic salivary nerves for 3 h. The activity was markedly
      reduced in animals fasted for 24 h to decrease nervous-reflex activation of the
      glands. Thus ODC activity may be linked with synthesis of secretory
      macromolecules.

PMID- 3868967
TI  - The cariogenicity of sucrose, glucose and maize starch in gnotobiotic rats mono
      infected with strains of the bacteria Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus
      salivarius and Streptococcus milleri.
AB  - Twenty-one-day-old weanling gnotobiotic WAG/RIJ rats were mono-infected with
      Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10832, Streptococcus salivarius JMB or Streptococcus
      milleri NCTC 11169, and maintained on a high carbohydrate diet containing
      sucrose, glucose or maize starch for 21-days. Fissure caries developed with all
      combinations of streptococcal strain and carbohydrate except maize
      starch/Streptococcus salivarius JMB. Caries incidence was highest with
      Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10832. For all species, the ranking of carbohydrates by
      cariogenic potential was sucrose greater than glucose greater than maize starch.

PMID- 3868968
TI  - The relationships between streptococcal species and periodontopathic bacteria in
      human dental plaque.
AB  - The existence of antagonistic and commensal relationships between microorganisms
      was investigated. The predominant cultivable flora in 172 plaque samples from
      active and non-active sites in 32 human subjects with destructive periodontitis
      was determined. The presence of putative periodontopathic organisms (Bacteroides
      gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius, Bacteroides forsythus, Wolinella recta,
      Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Eikenella corrodens) in a site was
      correlated with the absence of certain viridans streptococci (Streptococcus
      sanguis, Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus intermedius), and vice versa. A
      strong commensal relationship was found between B. gingivalis and Strep.
      intermedius. The second study involved 3 subjects with intractable periodontitis
      whose plaque harboured large numbers of one or more of these periodontopathic
      organisms. This plaque contained fewer organisms capable of inhibiting the growth
      of the periodontopathic strains in vitro when compared with a clinically-healthy
      control subject. Intermediate levels of inhibitors were found in plaque taken
      from non-active lesions. The majority of inhibitors in plaque from the healthy
      control were viridans streptococci. Hydrogen-peroxide production by these
      organisms appears to be the principal mechanism of growth inhibition for
      periodontopathic organisms. Bacterial interactions may thus be causally related
      to both periodontal health and disease.

PMID- 3868969
TI  - Effects of 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbene disulphonic acid and amiloride on
      salivary secretion by isolated, perfused rat submandibular glands.
AB  - Isolated submandibular glands of adult rats were perfused through the arterial
      system with oxygenated, HCO3-containing or HCO3-free physiological salt
      solutions. Secretion of saliva was then induced with acetylcholine (10(-6) M) in
      the absence or presence of the ion-transport inhibitors 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'
      stilbene disulphonic acid (DIDS), furosemide or amiloride. In HCO3-containing
      perfusates, 10(-4) M DIDS enhanced the initial secretory response (maximum rate
      of flow increased 18 per cent), but reduced the overall volume of saliva secreted
      in a 60-min period by 47 per cent. Furosemide (10(-3) M) alone reduced the volume
      of saliva by 73 per cent and, in combination with 10(-4) M DIDS, by 82 per cent.
      Amiloride (10(-3) M) caused a 68 per cent reduction in salivary volumes.
      Replacement of perfusate HCO3 with HEPES did not affect acetylcholine-induced
      secretion but enhanced the effects of the transport inhibitors, so that total
      volume of secretion was reduced 94 per cent by furosemide, 55 per cent by DIDS
      and 80 per cent by amiloride. In HCO3-containing perfusates, DIDS caused a 30-50
      per cent increase in salivary Na+ and residual anion (Na + K - Cl) concentrations
      but amiloride induced a marked increase in salivary Na+ and Cl- concentrations
      and a decrease in salivary K+ concentrations. Furosemide caused a marked decrease
      in salivary Cl- concentrations and a marked increase in residual anions. These
      effects were similar but of smaller magnitude in HCO3-free, HEPES-containing
      perfusates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3868970
TI  - A radiographic study of dental development in the hypopituitary dwarf mouse.
AB  - Growth in body length, skeletal lengths, incisor lengths and molar root lengths
      were retarded in dwarf mice. The root lengths of third molars were more severely
      affected than those of other molars. The crown lengths at the enamel-cementum
      junction of upper and lower molars of most dwarf mice were significantly shorter
      than normal. The root canals of dwarf mice were smaller, apical closure was
      delayed and there was a delay in their eruption to the occlusal level. Although
      the size of the dentition was markedly affected in the dwarf mice, the functional
      relationship appeared to be unchanged.

PMID- 3868971
TI  - Lead levels in circumpulpal dentine of children from different geographic areas.
AB  - Lead pollution can produce a variety of effects on the human body. Shed deciduous
      teeth were collected from primary school children in urban, suburban and rural
      areas in South Africa. The lead content was determined through atomic-absorption
      spectrophotometry. The average circumpulpal dentine lead levels in the urban,
      suburban and rural samples are 74.5, 44.3 and 26.5 parts/10(6) respectively. From
      the results it is clear that this most inner part of dentine (approximately 300
      microns thick) can concentrate up to five times more lead than the total dentine.
      Comparison of the lead ratio of circumpulpal dentine to that of the total dentine
      for the different areas demonstrates the greatest tendency for preferential lead
      accumulation in the circumpulpal dentine. Lead analysis of circumpulpal dentine
      revealed that in deciduous teeth the lead level was related to the degree of
      industrialization.

PMID- 3868972
TI  - A histological and ultrastructural study of wound healing after vomer resection
      in the beagle dog.
AB  - Trauma to the vomer during cleft-palate surgery may impair anterior-posterior
      growth of the premaxilla and maxilla. The vomer was resected via a palatal flap
      in four 42-day-old beagle pups; four unoperated dogs served as controls. One
      experimental and one control animal was perfused at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after
      surgery and specimens from the vomer-premaxillary suture and from the vomer at
      the level of the mid-palate were processed for light and electron microscopy.
      Measurements of maxillary casts showed retardation in anterior-posterior growth
      and development of an anterior cross-bite in all but one of the experimental
      animals. Microscopic examination of the healing wound showed granulation tissue
      and contractile fibroblasts, which were more numerous at the premaxilla-vomer
      suture than at the posterior site. Developing elastic fibres were also seen.
      Quantitation of fibroblasts revealed that 25-50 per cent in the control suture
      had the characteristics of contractile cells, but this reached 75 per cent in the
      resected group. These cells together with the elastin many constitute a system
      that retards anterior-posterior growth and leads to cross-bite.

PMID- 3868973
TI  - Influence of endogenous catalase activity on the sensitivity of the oral
      bacterium Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and the oral haemophili to the
      bactericidal properties of hydrogen peroxide.
AB  - Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and the genetically-related oral haemophili
      (Haemophilus segnis, Haemophilus aprhophilus and Haemophilus paraphrophilus)
      exhibit a range of sensitivities to the lethal effect of hydrogen peroxide
      (H2O2), A. actinomycetemcomitans being the most resistant. To extend this
      information, susceptibility to a range of H2O2 concentrations (10(-6)-10(-3) M)
      was assessed by incubating bacterial suspensions for 1 h at 37 degrees C in the
      presence of H2O2 and spreading the suspensions on chocolate agar plates to
      determine the concentration of H2O2 producing a 50 per cent reduction in colony
      forming units (LD50). Catalase activity was quantified with a Clark-type oxygen
      electrode, which polarographically monitored the formation of dissolved oxygen in
      bacterial suspensions or sonicates following addition of reagent H2O2.
      Sensitivity to H2O2 did not correlate with catalase activity, either in intact
      cells or in bacterial sonicates. Specifically, some bacterial strains with
      undetectable catalase activity were highly resistant to H2O2. Micromolar
      concentrations of sodium azide which completely inhibited cell-associated
      catalase activity did not affect the resistance of A. actinomycetemcomitans to
      H2O2. Thus, the endogenous catalase activity of A. actinomycetemcomitans and
      certain oral haemophili is not an important determinant of resistance to the
      bactericidal effects of H2O2.

PMID- 3868974
TI  - The comparative cariogenicity and plaque-forming ability in vivo of four species
      of the bacterium Actinomyces in gnotobiotic rats.
AB  - Gnotobiotic WAG/RIJ rats on a high sucrose diet were monoinfected with 12 strains
      of Actinomyces spp. Moderate levels of caries were induced by a single strain of
      Actinomyces naeslundii and low levels by two strains of Actinomyces viscosus,
      three strains of A. naeslundii and one strain of Actinomyces israelii. No caries
      was induced by single strains of A. viscosus and A. israelii or by three
      Actinomyces odontolyticus strains. Only fissure caries was observed. Scanning
      electron microscopy showed that all strains colonized the fissures and most
      colonized the lingual surface of the teeth, but to a limited extent. Production
      of abundant and dense plaque was not always accompanied by caries.

PMID- 3868975
TI  - Structural studies on a sulphated glycoprotein preparation isolated from human
      saliva.
AB  - The identity of the sulphated component in a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein
      preparation (GP) from human whole saliva was investigated. A t0.5 of 96 min for
      inorganic sulphate release in 0.25 M HCl indicated the presence of O-substituted
      sulphate, probably associated with hydroxyl groups of sugar residues. This
      possible association of ester was also inferred from infra-red data of the intact
      GP, where major absorption bands were detected at 1230-1250 and 828 cm-1. Further
      a sulphated-monosaccharide derivative was released during acid hydrolysis in 0.1
      M HCl at 100 degrees C for 75 min and isolated by gel-filtration on Sephadex G
      15. This derivative was separated from a range of non-sulphated sugars by thin
      layer chromatography in various solvent systems and possessed the chromatographic
      characteristics of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-O-sulphate.

PMID- 3868977
TI  - Modified procedure for the quantitative estimation of pore volumes in carious
      dental enamel by polarizing microscopy.
AB  - The polarizing microscope was used to make two estimates of pore-volume fraction
      in carious enamel. Estimates from form birefringence were always much lower than
      estimates from the intrinsic birefringence of the enamel solid and were too low
      for carious enamel. The discrepancy cannot be explained except in part as being
      due to re-precipitation of mineral during lesion formation. The discrepancy may
      arise largely from the unjustified assumption that the whole tissue acts as a
      Wiener composite body. Form birefringence is probably produced only by a fraction
      of the tissue. A model which reconciles the two pore-volume estimates and enables
      calculation of the composite body fraction and of the volume fractions of solid
      within this fraction and in the tissue as a whole is described. It appears that
      polarizing microscopy will require the conjoint application of other techniques
      for quantitative estimation of pore-volume fractions.

PMID- 3868976
TI  - Transmission of the oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans to young Macaca
      fascicularis monkeys from human nursery attendants.
AB  - Streptococcus mutans was detected in the mouths of 2 out of 7 infant monkeys that
      had been delivered by caesarian section and nursery-reared without contact with
      their mothers or other monkeys. Their human nursery attendants all harboured
      Strep. mutans biotype c (c serotype) as found in the monkeys. Bacteriocin studies
      also indicated similarity between the animal and human isolates. These findings
      suggest that the infant monkeys acquired Strep. mutans from the nursery
      personnel. Evidence for the reverse transmission of enterococci, from monkeys to
      man was also obtained.

PMID- 3868978
TI  - [1985 report of proceedings of the German Society for Otorhinolaryngology and
      Head and Neck Surgery. 2. Report of sessions].

PMID- 3868979
TI  - [Meniere's disease].

PMID- 3868980
TI  - [Neck-induced vertigo].
AB  - Cervicogenic vertigo can be elicited by hyperactivity of spinovestibular
      afferents and, much more seldomly, by episodic reduction of blood flow in the
      vertebral artery. The afferent hyperactivity to the vestibular system derives
      from a "circulus vitiosus" involving false posture, pain, joint dysfunction,
      which in turn exacerbates the false posture - and so on. This is to be observed
      in the joints CO/C1 and C1/C2 and their short muscles. This dysfunction of the
      upper cervical spine can be determined by exact anamnesis, careful investigation
      of neck mobility, joint play and muscle tension. The cervical nystagmus observed
      during the neck torsion test is short (seconds) in functional diseases
      (hyperactivity) and longlasting (minutes) in cases of vascular disorder. Cervical
      vertigo should be differentiated from other atactic disorders, especially those
      arising from benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and from Meniere's disease.

PMID- 3868981
TI  - [Oncologic topics].

PMID- 3868982
TI  - [The larynx].

PMID- 3868983
TI  - [Audiologic topics].

PMID- 3868984
TI  - [The nose, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx].

PMID- 3868985
TI  - [The Plastic Surgery Study Group. Modern reconstructive procedures of the mouth,
      pharynx and cervical trachea].

PMID- 3868986
TI  - [Neurootology and related topics].

PMID- 3868987
TI  - Development and implementation of a hospital-wide quality assurance program at
      the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 3868988
TI  - Should large bowel cancer be followed up?

PMID- 3868989
TI  - Is colorectal carcinoma in the young a more deadly disease?
AB  - Of the 2923 cases of colorectal carcinoma treated from 1970 to 1981, only 12
      (0.4%) were under the age of 30 years. Analysis of this group confirmed the
      higher incidence of more advanced tumours, as well as a higher frequency of
      predominantly mucin-secreting adenocarcinoma. Regardless of the mode of
      treatment, survival is particularly poor in the young patients, and, in our
      opinion, this is a reflection of the more aggressive behaviour of the type of
      carcinoma afflicting young patients.

PMID- 3868990
TI  - Difficulties in the endoscopic diagnosis of gastric and oesophageal cancer.
AB  - A study was made of 116 patients with gastric or oesophageal cancer, in whom
      endoscopy was negative, or biopsy was negative or not performed. The most common
      problems were the presence of pyloric or oesophageal stricture (sometimes with
      excessive luminal content) and difficulty in obtaining diagnostic biopsy material
      in linitis plastica, early gastric cancer, lymphoma and sarcoma. Problems also
      occurred from failure to biopsy apparently benign conditions and from delay in a
      second endoscopy. Some cancers were regarded as benign ulcers and treated as such
      by drugs or surgery because more reliance was placed on endoscopic biopsy than on
      the endoscopist's opinion of the macroscopic appearance. In 17 of the 16 patients
      there was delay, incorrect management or further difficulty in diagnosis.

PMID- 3868991
TI  - One hundred cases of arteriovenous fistula for haemodialysis access: the effect
      of cigarette smoking on patency.
AB  - The results of 100 radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulae formed in 85 patients to
      provide access for haemodialysis have been assessed. First fistulae had an
      immediate patency of 90.5% and a patency predicted by life table analysis of 78%
      at 1 year. An additional 15 fistulae were formed after initial failure in 13
      patients, and the predicted patency for all fistulae was 76% at 1 year and 73% at
      2 years, with no subsequent failures during the period of the study. Access was
      established and maintained in 77 patients (90.6%) using the first or a subsequent
      radiocephalic fistula, and the requirement for other access procedures was low.
      There was a significantly higher incidence of early and late fistula failure in
      those patients who were cigarette smokers.

PMID- 3868992
TI  - Morbidity and mortality of operative intubation for malignant oesophageal
      obstruction.
AB  - In 33 patients who underwent operative intubation of carcinoma of the oesophagus
      or gastric cardia, there were nine postoperative deaths (mortality 27%). Only 15
      patients (46%) had no further operative procedure or anaesthetics, but their mean
      survival was only 3.7 months. Nine patients (27%) required a total of 17
      procedures after the placement of their original tube. Operative intubation has a
      similar mortality to resection but the survival times are short. Whenever
      possible palliative resection or endoscopic intubation is to be recommended.

PMID- 3868993
TI  - Anatomical localization of atherosclerotic lesions using the pulse volume
      recorder.
AB  - The pulse volume recorder has been used in studying 62 limbs to assess its
      accuracy in localization of arteriosclerotic lesions of the lower limbs,
      realizing the limitations of clinical examination and simple pressure
      measurements. Its advantages over simple pressure measurements are illustrated.
      It was shown to be most accurate in locating isolated stenoses. The technique
      helps differentiate aorto-iliac from high superficial femoral artery obstruction.
      It can be used when severe medial sclerosis is present and is very helpful when
      distal pulses cannot be detected for technical reasons.

PMID- 3868994
TI  - Ascending cinevenography in chronic venous insufficiency: a comparison with
      ambulatory venous pressure measurements.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients (49 limbs) with chronic venous insufficiency who were being
      considered for venous surgery were studied using a modified technique of
      ascending venography (Ascending cinevenography) and ambulatory venous pressure
      (AVP) measurements. AVP and ascending cinevenography results, in each patient,
      were assessed by a different investigator, each of whom was blind to the other
      result. The results of AVP measurements and ascending cinevenography were then
      compared. There is good correlation between AVP measurements and results of
      ascending cinevenography. Ascending cinevenography can be used instead of
      combined ascending and descending venography.

PMID- 3868995
TI  - A survey of carotid surgery.
AB  - One hundred consecutive case notes of patients undergoing internal carotid
      thrombendarterectomy (TEA) were reviewed in each of seven major teaching
      hospitals to establish the pattern of practice of carotid surgery. In particular,
      details of risk factors, indications for surgery, operative details and results
      of surgery were available for comparison for each hospital compared to the
      remaining group. An overall mortality rate of 3.3%, which varied between
      hospitals, from 1% to 6%, was noted. Similar mortality rates were observed when
      the indication for surgery was transient ischaemic attack (TIA), pre-existing
      stroke or asymptomatic stenosis.

PMID- 3868996
TI  - Use of a microcomputer in the assessment of diagnosis and risk in obstructive
      jaundice.
AB  - A series of multivariate analyses have been carried out in 49 patients with
      obstructive jaundice and three indices have been derived which help in the
      assessment of risk and the planning of investigation and management. The k-value,
      a measure of endogenous bilirubin clearance, is affected by cholangitis, alanine
      aminotransferase, pre-intervention bilirubin levels and the patient's sex. It has
      similar strength to the antipyrine clearance test in predicting morbidity and
      mortality. The mortality discriminant index is obtained from creatinine level,
      serum albumin and a score for cholangitis, and has an overall accuracy of 95%.
      The malignancy discriminant index depends on age, cholangitis score, creatinine
      level and gamma glutamyl transferase, and has an accuracy of 84%. All three
      indices have been programmed into a commercially available spreadsheet on a small
      microcomputer, and are automatically and rapidly available as soon as standard
      biochemical and clinical measurements have been entered.

PMID- 3868997
TI  - Should polytetrafluoroethylene grafts be used in preference to saphenous vein for
      femoropopliteal arterial bypass?
AB  - Some surgeons have advocated using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as the graft
      material of choice for femoropopliteal arterial bypass so that the saphenous vein
      could be preserved for future cardiovascular surgery. We have examined our
      results to see if this approach could be justified in our patient population.
      PTFE was used for 101 femoropopliteal reconstructions in 96 patients (56 male and
      40 female). Thirty-eight (40%) complained of debilitating claudication and 58
      (60%) had limb-threatening ischaemia. There were 83 primary PTFE femoropopliteal
      reconstructions and 18 repetitive procedures after failure of an earlier
      ipsilateral bypass. Twenty-nine of the 101 PTFE grafts were anastomosed distally
      to the popliteal artery above knee and the remaining 72 below knee. At 5 years,
      the cumulative patency for all grafts was only 11%. The 4 year cumulative patency
      was better for claudicants (40%) than for those with threatened limb loss (11%)
      but two of the 38 claudicants required amputation when their grafts failed.
      Patency rates were not significantly affected by the site of the distal
      anastomosis or by a previous failed ipsilateral femoropopliteal bypass.
      Worthwhile limb salvage was achieved only by frequent re-operation. Our results
      with PTFE are not good enough to use it in preference to an adequate saphenous
      vein for femoropopliteal bypass.

PMID- 3868998
TI  - Operative aid to combined synchronous mastectomy and latissimus dorsi breast
      reconstruction.
AB  - A special frame is described which has been designed to hold the upper trunk and
      arm of patients firmly in the lateral position during the operation of combined
      synchronous mastectomy and latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction. The frame has
      prevented movement at the shoulder joint and distraction on the brachial plexus
      which resulted in brachial plexus palsy in two out of 15 patients in whom the
      operation was performed with a conventional arm support.

PMID- 3868999
TI  - Patient selection for adjuvant therapy trials in colorectal carcinoma.
AB  - The aim of this research was to determine how to improve the efficiency of study
      design in adjuvant therapy trials of colorectal carcinoma. Survival analysis
      related to pathological variables was performed on 1020 patients who had
      resections for colorectal carcinoma during an 11 year complete follow-up. It was
      felt that the median survival of B stage patients was too long to justify their
      inclusion in survival trials. Practical multi-centre trials could be undertaken
      with patients who were found to have clinicopathological stage C. Fifty per cent
      of the total number of stage C patients had primary tumours with either high
      grade or venous invasion of mural and extra-mural veins. They had a highly
      significantly (P = 0.0004) poorer prognosis (median survival 27 months) than
      those with low or average grade and no venous invasion (median survival 49
      months). The most efficient trial would select patients whose primary tumours
      showed lymph node involvement and high grade and venous invasion.

PMID- 3869000
TI  - A simple rapid method of fixation of unstable zygomatic fractures.
AB  - A simple, effective and rapid method of fixation of unstable zygomatic fractures
      is described, in which a K-wire is inserted percutaneously through the prominence
      of the fractured malar and stabilized by further passage through both maxillae.
      The results of 11 cases are discussed. The method is compared with other commonly
      used methods of fixation, and with other techniques for internal fixation with K
      wire previously described.

PMID- 3869001
TI  - Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
AB  - Peutz-Jeghers syndrome has now been widely reported. A case with previously
      unrecorded conjunctival pigmentation is presented and the management is reviewed.

PMID- 3869002
TI  - Live events and schizophrenic episodes.
AB  - Studies of live events and schizophrenia are few. Most have such methodological
      limitations that make any causal interpretation of their findings impossible. Of
      the three studies with appropriate methodology and controls, Brown and Birley
      (1968) found very recent life events trigger onset, Leff et al. (1983) found
      events were capable of precipitating relapse, under certain restricted
      circumstances, while Jacobs and Myers (1976) found independent events appear to
      have no significant effect. The widely held view that life events can precipitate
      schizophrenic episodes may be supported by our own clinical impressions; it is as
      yet not well supported by empirical data. Future research should perhaps focus on
      other definitions of these psychoses, such as is now embraced by DSM-III. Perhaps
      then a relation between stressful events and some of the non-depressive
      functional psychoses might be demonstrated.

PMID- 3869003
TI  - Creativity and the boundaries of the self: separation and engulfment anxiety in
      Keats and Poe.
AB  - Creativity is considered as a vicissitude of the cohesiveness or fragmentation of
      the self. The emergence of a self, separate from the mothering figure, requires
      the mother's empathic fuelling and the child's capacity to contain his gradual
      disillusionment with her. The process is never fully completed, allowing a
      potential for anxiety over threatened disintegration, along a continuum from
      separation anxiety (loss of the object), in a relatively cohesive self, to
      engulfment anxiety (loss of the self) in the less cohesive. The creative artist
      is uniquely sensitive to these anxieties, through his own difficulties in
      separating from the infantile union with the mother, or in mourning an object
      that dies during his childhood. The artist draws on his unconscious experience to
      speak to the unconscious of the audience. For the audience, it is having one's
      own deepest longings and deepest anxieties spoken to and spoken for that
      constitutes the power of creative art.

PMID- 3869004
TI  - The search for intimacy in mid-life: an exploration of several myths.
AB  - The mid-life phase, with its component features (e.g., solitude, detachment and
      self-doubt), its tasks (e.g., the search for self and reattachment) and several
      outcomes (e.g., rapprochement, chronic depression), is reviewed. A novella by
      John Fowles, The Ebony Tower, is presented as an allegorical account of the mid
      life crisis, and its inherent myths examined. Key clinical issues, including the
      attributional distorting effect of mood on the protagonist's search for self and
      induced states of learned helplessness, are explored with reference to literary
      myths and clinical vignettes.

PMID- 3869005
TI  - The Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS): its use in an Australian study.
AB  - The Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS) is a new premorbid scale for use in
      schizophrenia, developed by the National Institute of Mental Health. Its use in a
      recent Australian study is described. While total scores clearly discriminated
      schizophrenic from manic patients, and good test-retest reliability was
      demonstrated for the schizophrenic patients, the scores did not predict duration
      of hospitalisation for the schizophrenic group, as reported in the North American
      study. It is concluded that more research on the PAS is necessary before it can
      be accepted as a useful instrument in schizophrenia research and clinical
      practice.

PMID- 3869007
TI  - The effects of stressful life events and disasters: research and theoretical
      issues.
AB  - The study of the relationship between adversity and physical and psychiatric
      illness can be researched by examining either the effect of multiple random
      events or the impact of a single event, such as a disaster. There has, however,
      been little cross-fertilisation of theory or methodology between these two areas
      of investigation. Disaster research has much to learn from the methodological
      rigour of life events research. Equally the study of disaster victims can help
      define the similarities and differences between distress and illness, an issue
      central to the validity of the concept of 'caseness' in the study of nonpatient
      samples. In the past, the failure to separate these phenomena may have led to
      exaggerated estimates of the prevalence of morbidity among disaster victims. It
      is also important to examine the intervening role played by distress generated by
      an event in causing physical and psychiatric disorder.

PMID- 3869006
TI  - Treatment outlines for the management of the somatoform disorders. The Quality
      Assurance Project.
AB  - The Quality Assurance Project is developing explicit and detailed treatment
      outlines for each of the major psychiatric disorders. Three sources of
      information are used: the treatment outcome literature, the opinions of a sample
      of practising psychiatrists and the views of a panel of nominated experts. The
      recommendations for the treatment of somatoform disorders were as follows: brief
      dynamic psychotherapy, family therapy and excellent medical consultation are the
      basis for the treatment of hypochondriasis. Limited long-term supportive
      psychotherapy and good medical consultation are important in somatization
      disorder. Symptom relief, psychotherapeutic support and meticulous collaboration
      with physicians are the keys to managing psychogenic pain disorder. Physiotherapy
      to improve physical functioning and patient education to facilitate the
      distinction between normal symptoms and abnormal illness behaviours are important
      in all three conditions. Neither the benzodiazepines nor behaviour therapy appear
      to be of use in these conditions.

PMID- 3869008
TI  - Towards ICD 10: the attitudes of Australian and New Zealand psychiatrists.
AB  - About 15% of practising psychiatrists in Australia and New Zealand responded to a
      brief postal questionnaire. This sample appears reasonably representative of the
      various groups within the profession and of the geographical distribution of the
      clinicians. Ninety-one per cent of the respondents thought it was important to
      have a reliable classification; 83% thought that ICD 10 should incorporate
      specific diagnostic criteria; and 78% were of the view that ICD 10 should have a
      multiaxial system. Overall, DSM-III is used twice as often as ICD 9, and only 12%
      of psychiatrists do not use DSM-III at all. A very small minority (6%) use some
      other classification system. The results of this survey are discussed against the
      background of the intended introduction of ICD 10 in about 1990. Preliminary
      preparations for it are already in progress.

PMID- 3869009
TI  - Koro epidemic in north-east India.
AB  - Koro is an unusual psychogenic syndrome reported, until recently, predominantly
      in men of the Chinese race who live in southern China and south-east Asia. Issues
      concerning its phenomenology, diagnosis and nosology are still controversial.
      This paper describes an epidemic of koro in north-east India. A psychiatric
      analysis of thirty-one cases is presented. Probable reasons for the rapid spread
      of the illness are discussed. The majority of the individuals affected were from
      the lower socio-economic strata, were poorly educated and in the age group of 20
      40 years. Many women were affected. There was no evidence of significant
      premorbid or sexual psychopathology in most cases. Some patients had a number of
      episodes but with only minor residual symptoms. The author compares these
      findings with earlier reports and discusses the implications for its nosology and
      psychodynamics.

PMID- 3869010
TI  - The detection of alcohol use in psychiatric casualty patients.
AB  - This study assessed the extent of alcohol use among casualty attenders at a
      metropolitan psychiatric hospital. Seventeen of 97 patients showed measurable
      alcohol levels at the time of presentation. Patients with functional psychoses
      used alcohol excessively, but the heaviest and most frequent use was among women,
      especially those with personality disorders. It is suggested that routine alcohol
      testing is worthwhile and inexpensive, and it may lead to earlier detection and
      treatment of alcohol abuse.

PMID- 3869011
TI  - The music of psychiatry.

PMID- 3869012
TI  - The concept of stress.

PMID- 3869013
TI  - Psychiatric treatment in Gaol.

PMID- 3869014
TI  - [Color plays its part also].

PMID- 3869015
TI  - [White spot, red light].

PMID- 3869016
TI  - [Noose around the neck].

PMID- 3869017
TI  - [Simplicity is attached to a wire].

PMID- 3869018
TI  - [A precision syringe].

PMID- 3869019
TI  - [Instead of a copy, another original].

PMID- 3869020
TI  - [The gas that kills fear].

PMID- 3869021
TI  - [Tongue protrusion].

PMID- 3869022
TI  - [Is the mandibular canal really so terrible?].

PMID- 3869023
TI  - [Effectiveness factors in bacterial control].

PMID- 3869024
TI  - [Microfractures in composite resin restorations: evaluation and perspectives].

PMID- 3869025
TI  - [Have no fear: odontomas are always benign].

PMID- 3869026
TI  - [12 criteria for judging an amalgam].

PMID- 3869027
TI  - [5 alloys compared].

PMID- 3869028
TI  - [Reimplantation of traumatically avulsed incisors. All is not lost if the tooth
      is injured].

PMID- 3869029
TI  - [Defending yourself in the office jungle].

PMID- 3869030
TI  - [Stripping for crowding].

PMID- 3869031
TI  - [Evaluation of an alloy with low gold content].

PMID- 3869033
TI  - [Televised gingiva without secrets].

PMID- 3869032
TI  - [Biochemical and organoleptic characteristics of maltitol. A non-cariogenic
      sweetener].

PMID- 3869034
TI  - [All Class V lesions and their restoration].

PMID- 3869035
TI  - [Experiments with a 940nm infrared laser].

PMID- 3869036
TI  - [Effectiveness and limits of occlusal therapy].

PMID- 3869037
TI  - [Why does Italy ignore preventive fluorides?].

PMID- 3869038
TI  - [Carcinoma of the tongue].

PMID- 3869039
TI  - [Class III: preparation and instruments].

PMID- 3869040
TI  - [The conquest of space].

PMID- 3869041
TI  - [Impacted lower 2d molar].

PMID- 3869042
TI  - [To the root of caries].

PMID- 3869043
TI  - [The right material in the right place].

PMID- 3869044
TI  - [Protect at any cost the pulp and dentin].

PMID- 3869045
TI  - [Shock resistant technics for 2 semi-precious alloys used for metalloceramics.
      Non-precious but undeformable].

PMID- 3869046
TI  - Multiplication of human fetal myelomonocytic precursors in medium conditioned by
      acute myelocytic leukemia cells treated by 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate
      (TPA).
AB  - An 8-21 fold multiplication of myeloid cells and macrophages was observed in
      tissue culture from human fetal bone marrow. Proliferation of the cells was
      triggered by medium conditioned by acute myelocytic leukemic cells exposed to 12
      O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA). The medium was designated as TPA
      treated cell conditioned medium (TPACCM). The cycle of events in fetal bone
      marrow cell culture began with a sharp decrease in the total number of cells. At
      this juncture a predominance of primitive macrophage-like cells positive for
      macrophage markers was present in the culture. The process of multiplication
      began with rapid proliferation of promyelocytes. Simultaneous proliferation of
      granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colony forming cells (CFC) indicated that at least
      some of the promyelocytes might act like CFC. The absolute number of committed
      CFC then increased 5-11 fold, the number that approximated a total multiplication
      of FBM cells. The proliferation continued with the culture containing some blast
      cells and showing simultaneous differentiation of the cells into mature
      granulocytes and macrophages. The cells with macrophage markers persisted
      throughout the culture period. To determine more precise definition of the role
      of primitive macrophages and promyelocytes in FBM cell multiplication,
      experiments with purified fractions of these cells have to be done. TPACCM
      purification and isolation of active substances is also suggested. These
      investigations might result in obtaining a pool of BM cells in vitro suitable for
      BM transplantation.

PMID- 3869047
TI  - [Role of nitrates in lactate metabolism in the oral bacterium, Veillonella
      parvula].

PMID- 3869048
TI  - [GTP cyclohydrolase activity in rat liver].

PMID- 3869049
TI  - [Inhibitory effect of Bacteroides gingivalis on fibroblast proliferation and
      stimulated lymphocytes].

PMID- 3869050
TI  - [Histochemical studies on lectin-binding of the ghost cells in calcifying
      odontogenic cysts and odontomas].

PMID- 3869051
TI  - Examination of various amalgams in capsular form--initial hardening time of
      amalgam.

PMID- 3869052
TI  - [Use of vibrating rotational magnetic fields in root canal cleaning].

PMID- 3869053
TI  - [The effect of fluoride on the periodontal tissues of rats treated with
      dihydrotachysterol].

PMID- 3869054
TI  - [Statistical analysis of patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction by CMI
      classification].

PMID- 3869055
TI  - [Effect of coronal contour on food flow--analysis by finite element method].

PMID- 3869056
TI  - [Behavior of maxillofacial bone structure under external stress--with special
      reference to maximum shearing strain].

PMID- 3869057
TI  - [Strain distribution in sagittal splitting osteotomy of the ramus].

PMID- 3869058
TI  - [Experimental study of the stability of bone fragments fixed with AO plates in
      osteosynthesis of the mandible].

PMID- 3869059
TI  - [Bony union of pterygomaxillary suture with special reference to orthognathic
      surgery].

PMID- 3869061
TI  - Mechanics of the loop in orthodontic treatment. 1. Simple and helical loops.

PMID- 3869060
TI  - [Use of Bacteroides gingivalis-specific monoclonal antibodies for immunodiagnosis
      of adult periodontal disease].

PMID- 3869062
TI  - Chromosome analysis of deciduous dental pulp tissue.

PMID- 3869063
TI  - [An assessment using CPITN (WHO) of the periodontal health in a group of high
      school students].

PMID- 3869064
TI  - [The relation of various salivary factors to caries development in infants-
      particularly the assessment of inter-relations].

PMID- 3869065
TI  - [Assessment of oral environment factors with a salivary occult bleeding test
      strip].

PMID- 3869066
TI  - [Relation of bicarbonate concentration to the buffering capacity and flow rate of
      stimulated and unstimulated whole saliva].

PMID- 3869067
TI  - [Oral hygiene training in English children (1). Comparison between English
      children and American children].

PMID- 3869068
TI  - [Clinical study on diminution of visual acuity of pupils and students (1).
      Studies of cases in which visual acuity was judged as abnormal during mass
      examination].

PMID- 3869069
TI  - [Osteosynthesis of maxillofacial fractures with an AO straight mini-plate: report
      of 7 cases].

PMID- 3869070
TI  - [A lymphoepithelial cyst on the ventral surface of the tongue. Case report].

PMID- 3869071
TI  - [Retreatment of an orthodontic case after relapse].

PMID- 3869072
TI  - [Radiography of the temporomandibular joint].

PMID- 3869073
TI  - [Neurophysiology and equilibration in complete dentures].

PMID- 3869074
TI  - [Effect of eugenol on cultured Don-6 cells].

PMID- 3869075
TI  - Talon cusp--report of cases.

PMID- 3869076
TI  - [Erupted complex composite odontoma--report of a case].

PMID- 3869077
TI  - Efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide and chloramphenicol mixture as a sedative
      dressing on acute pulpitis.

PMID- 3869078
TI  - Anatomical analysis of occlusal attrition and various dimensions of the palate.

PMID- 3869079
TI  - A comparison of palatal vault and upper dental arch between Lanyu and Taipei
      inhabitants.

PMID- 3869080
TI  - [Evaluation of the accuracy of the Endodontic Meter-S].

PMID- 3869081
TI  - Differentiation inducers of human promyelocytic leukemia cells HL-60.
      Azobenzenecarboxylic acids and stilbenecarboxylic acids.

PMID- 3869083
TI  - Radiographic approaches and diagnosis in pedodontics.

PMID- 3869082
TI  - One visit restoration of fractured anterior teeth.

PMID- 3869084
TI  - Mandibular staple: indications, advantages and limitations.

PMID- 3869085
TI  - The dilemma of soft tissue curettage.

PMID- 3869086
TI  - Polymorphism of the fourth component of complement in Graves' disease and type I
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The distribution of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) phenotypes in
      unrelated patients with Graves' disease or Type I diabetes mellitus and healthy
      controls was examined. HLA-B8 was increased in both the Graves' disease patients
      (p = .0018) and diabetes mellitus patients (p = .0246) relative to controls.
      Although C4A*QO is known to show strong linkage disequilibrium with HLA-B8, we
      could not demonstrate a difference in the frequency of this allele between either
      group of patients and the controls because the null C4A*QO cannot be accurately
      estimated from phenotype data. An unusual variant C4B*3 occurred three times in
      117 controls, 10 times in 61 Graves' disease patients (p = .0012) and 13 times in
      48 diabetic patients (p = 0.74 X 10(-5]. Although C4B*3 is known to show strong
      linkage disequilibrium with HLA-B15, the frequencies of B15 in the two patient
      groups did not differ from that of the controls considered here. When 28 MHC
      haplotypes (supratypes) from 14 unrelated patients with Type I diabetes were
      compared with 27 non-diabetes supratypes occurring in the same families but not
      in the patients, 8/28 Type I diabetes supratypes were C4AQOB1+, HLA-B8+, and 4/28
      were C4B*3+, whereas 1/27 non-diabetes supratypes was C4AQOB1+, B8+, and 0/27 was
      C4B*3+. Of the four C4B*3+ diabetes positive supratypes, two were HLA-B15, one
      was B5 and one was B40. Finally, the second haplotype of 11 diabetes mellitus
      patients known to carry one high risk C4 haplotype was investigated. The second
      haplotype was the common type C4A3B1 in only 3/11, whereas at least 5/11 had
      second haplotypes containing C4B*QO, C4B*3, C4B*2 or C4A*4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3869087
TI  - Current state and future of IVF.

PMID- 3869088
TI  - The periodontal ligament injection; a solitary method for inducing local
      anesthesia.

PMID- 3869089
TI  - Conservative treatment of ameloblastoma.

PMID- 3869090
TI  - The effect of age and sex on the autologous lymphocyte reactivity.

PMID- 3869091
TI  - Application of Avitene in patients under anticoagulant (clinical and experimental
      study).

PMID- 3869092
TI  - Effect of adding fluoride salt to composite resin.

PMID- 3869093
TI  - Relationship between two super structure traits. Carabelli and protostylid.

PMID- 3869094
TI  - Evaluation of the efficiency of ultrasonics in the penetration of root canal
      irrigating solution.

PMID- 3869095
TI  - Application of "natural honey" after surgical removal of impacted lower third
      molar.

PMID- 3869096
TI  - Effect of prolonged administration of azathioprine on salivary gland.

PMID- 3869097
TI  - Molar size sequence in Egyptians.

PMID- 3869098
TI  - Implantation of autogenous roots for preservation of healed residual alveolar
      bone.

PMID- 3869099
TI  - Peripheral fibroma. Clinical, histological and histochemical study.

PMID- 3869100
TI  - Clinical evaluation of strontium chloride as a modified addition to the
      periodontal pack, in treatment of root hypersensitivity following periodontal
      surgery.

PMID- 3869101
TI  - The platelet phenolsulfotransferase is not indispensable for the sulfoconjugation
      of plasma catecholamines.
AB  - To investigate the role of platelets, a proposed primary site of catecholamine
      sulfoconjugation, we determined plasma free and sulfoconjugated catecholamines
      and platelet phenolsulfotransferase activity in severe platelet defficiency
      states. We found that even in the presence of very low platelet counts, the
      plasma concentrations of sulfoconjugated catecholamines were within normal
      limits. Although the platelet phenolsulfotransferase activity expressed per
      number of platelets was normal there was a considerable decrease of the total
      platelet phenolsulfotransferase activity. This suggests that the platelet
      phenolsulfotransferase is not indispensable for the sulfoconjugation of
      catecholamines and this process can occur elsewhere. A preliminary finding of
      lower platelet phenolsulfotransferase activity in platelet deficiency states with
      reduced platelet generation (because of reduced megakaryocytes) than in those
      states with a decreased platelet survival, suggests that the
      phenolsulfotransferase is synthesised in the megakaryocytes and the platelets are
      only carriers of this enzyme.

PMID- 3869102
TI  - [Xenografting of tumors of the oral cavity].

PMID- 3869104
TI  - Energizing your practice.

PMID- 3869103
TI  - [The role of a slanting upper circular bridge in restoring the neuromuscular
      reflex pathways in the mandible].

PMID- 3869105
TI  - Maximizing those new techniques in the dental office.

PMID- 3869106
TI  - Year-end planning can save tax dollars.

PMID- 3869108
TI  - Those priceless giveaways.

PMID- 3869107
TI  - New equipment: buy or lease?

PMID- 3869109
TI  - Nutrition, diet and dental caries.

PMID- 3869110
TI  - The orthodontic-oral surgery interface: 2. Orthodontics and orthognathic surgery.

PMID- 3869111
TI  - Stress: physiological aspects (1).

PMID- 3869112
TI  - Periodontal management of an infrabony defect.

PMID- 3869113
TI  - [Influence of protein binding on the antibacterial effects of 2 cephalosporins].

PMID- 3869114
TI  - [Ceftizoxime in the treatment of urinary tract and respiratory infections in
      liver disease patients].

PMID- 3869115
TI  - [In vitro effects of cefotetan on anaerobic bacteria of the genus Bacteroides
      fragilis group, in comparison with 8 antibiotics].

PMID- 3869116
TI  - [In vitro effects of cefotetan against Bacteroides of the fragilis group].

PMID- 3869117
TI  - [Tissue levels of cefotetan in odonto-stomatological diseases].

PMID- 3869118
TI  - [Preoperative chemoprevention in surgery].

PMID- 3869119
TI  - Mucus structure.

PMID- 3869120
TI  - Materials for hard tissue replacement.

PMID- 3869121
TI  - Mandibular reconstruction following surgical excision of ameloblastoma.

PMID- 3869122
TI  - Oral implantology--specialty or subspecialty--that is the question.

PMID- 3869123
TI  - Response of isolated uterus of rat, hamster and guinea pig to different uterine
      stimulants.

PMID- 3869124
TI  - Studies on electrophoretic mobility of leucocytes from chronic myeloid leukemia
      patients.

PMID- 3869125
TI  - Leukaemic infiltration of the optic nerve demonstration by computerized orbital
      tomography.

PMID- 3869126
TI  - Evaluation of PLED as a chelating ligand in the preparation of gallium and indium
      radiopharmaceuticals.
AB  - The 68Ga and 111In complexes of PLED (N,N'-dipyridoxylethylenediamine-N,N'
      diacetic acid) were prepared and their biodistribution determined as a function
      of time following i.v. injection into rats. The 68Ga and 111In complexes behaved
      identically and were rapidly cleared from the blood via the kidneys into the
      urine. Similar rapid urinary excretion was observed in the gamma images obtained
      from a stump-tailed macaque injected with 111In-PLED. Paper electrophoresis at pH
      7.35 showed a single radioactive peak for 111In-PLED which migrated towards the
      anode. PLED administered by i.p. injection was found to speed the blood pool
      clearance of previously administered 67Ga-citrate.

PMID- 3869127
TI  - Studies on the prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminths of dogs in Calabar,
      Nigeria.
AB  - The results of investigational study to determine the prevalence of gastro
      intestinal helminths of dogs in Calabar, Nigeria with particular emphasis on the
      effects of sex and age of the animals on the occurrence of these endoparasites
      are presented. Of a total of 254 dogs sampled using saturated brime solution
      floatation method and formalin-ether sedimentation method, 223 (86.97%) were
      infected. A breakdown of the number of parasitized dogs shows that 180 (70.86%)
      were positive for Ancylostoma caninum, 68 (26.77%) for Toxocara canis, 38
      (14.96%) for Strongyloides stercoralis, 21 (8.26%) for Toxascaris leonina, five
      (1.96%) for Dipylidium caninum, two (.78%) for Echinococcus granulosus, two
      (.78%) for Taenia hydatigena, one (.39%) for Taenia ovis, one (.39%) for
      Trichuris vulpis and 48 (18.89%) for coccidia oocyst. Out of a total of 140 male
      and 114 female dogs sampled for gastro-intestinal helminth ova, 122 males
      (87.14%) and 101 females (88.59%) respectively were infested. Juvenile dogs from
      three weeks to one month of age were more commonly infested than adult dogs (24
      months).

PMID- 3869129
TI  - [Isolation and mode of action of anti-plaque agents derived from the Zizyphus
      fructus].

PMID- 3869128
TI  - Cytochemical examinations of cultivated unclassified leukaemic cells.

PMID- 3869130
TI  - [Development of a measurement method for tongue movement using a magnetic device
      and its use in the study of articulation characteristics. 1. The reliability of a
      magnetic device for the measurement of tongue movement].

PMID- 3869131
TI  - [Development of a measurement method for tongue movement using a magnetic device
      and its use in the study of articulation characteristics. 2. The tongue movements
      in dentate subjects and complete denture wearers].

PMID- 3869132
TI  - [Methods of determining occlusal vertical dimension in complete denture wearers-
      the Niswonger method and the swallowing method].

PMID- 3869133
TI  - [Electromyographic studies on the fatigue of masticatory muscles in patients with
      stomatognathic dysfunction].

PMID- 3869134
TI  - [Evaluation of the programmed tooth cutting technic using the marked card
      information system (4)].

PMID- 3869135
TI  - [Automatic data processing of masticatory muscle electromyography by A. D
      converter and personal computer. Automatic search for onset and offset of
      masticatory muscle bursts during mastication].

PMID- 3869136
TI  - [Role of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the process of catecholamine secretion from
      the adrenal medulla].

PMID- 3869137
TI  - [Effect of dentifrices on the roughness of human tooth surfaces filled with
      composite resins].

PMID- 3869138
TI  - [Case report of the disturbance of multiple tooth eruptions due to follicular
      cysts. Observations of eruption after surgery and following orthodontic
      treatment].

PMID- 3869139
TI  - [2 cases of periodontal treatment with applied minor tooth movement].

PMID- 3869140
TI  - [Cytochrome P-450 induced by benz(a)anthracene in mouse skin microsomes].

PMID- 3869141
TI  - [Physiological characteristics of periodontal mechanoreceptive units in the dog].

PMID- 3869142
TI  - [Thermosetting of veneer resins for crowns and bridges prepared using crystalline
      monomers with urethane linkages].

PMID- 3869143
TI  - [Oral and facial representations within the trigeminal caudal nucleus of the
      cat].

PMID- 3869144
TI  - Case of the month. Black hairy tongue.

PMID- 3869145
TI  - Interpret your X-rays. Maxillary sinus opacity.

PMID- 3869146
TI  - Fluoride--milk and salt--alternate methods of systemic fluoridation.

PMID- 3869147
TI  - An in vivo comparative study of microleakage of restorative materials.

PMID- 3869148
TI  - Prevalence of oral cancer among multi-habiters in South Orissa.

PMID- 3869149
TI  - An in-vitro study of morphology of buccal roots of maxillary first molar tooth
      (incidence of root canals).

PMID- 3869150
TI  - Widened periodontal ligament in systemic and localised scleroderma.

PMID- 3869151
TI  - Herpes zoster of the trigeminal nerve with dental involvement.

PMID- 3869152
TI  - Case of the month. Lichen planus.

PMID- 3869153
TI  - Interpret your X-ray. Crown and root fractures of the incisors.

PMID- 3869154
TI  - Fluoride--India does not need water fluoridation--an illusion.

PMID- 3869155
TI  - A radicular cyst involving maxillary antrum and nasal floor--a case report.

PMID- 3869156
TI  - Immediate surgical obturator--a case report.

PMID- 3869157
TI  - Dental disorders in primary school children of Faridkot city.

PMID- 3869158
TI  - Prolonged remission in a case of acute erythroleukaemia in an adult.

PMID- 3869159
TI  - [Gothic arch tracing and its significance].

PMID- 3869160
TI  - [Prevention and management of dementia].

PMID- 3869161
TI  - [How to use panorama film].

PMID- 3869162
TI  - [Use of fluorides in caries prevention].

PMID- 3869163
TI  - [Changing concepts or brushing--a discussion].

PMID- 3869164
TI  - [How to use dental amalgam].

PMID- 3869165
TI  - [Orthodontic correction and retention].

PMID- 3869166
TI  - [Biochemistry of alveolar resorption and regeneration].

PMID- 3869167
TI  - [Quality assurance programs in dental radiography].

PMID- 3869168
TI  - [Effect of mouth breathing on plaque formation in monkeys].

PMID- 3869169
TI  - [Blastogenic responses of human gingival lymphocytes to mitogens].

PMID- 3869170
TI  - [A study of toothbrushing pressures using a specifically designed intraoral
      telemetry system--relation between brushing pressures and plaque removal by
      toothbrushing].

PMID- 3869171
TI  - [Partial purification and characterization of exohemagglutinin from Bacteroides
      gingivalis 381].

PMID- 3869172
TI  - [Chemical plaque control. 2. Antimicrobial effect of NaF and chlorhexidine on
      anaerobes].

PMID- 3869173
TI  - [Imaging technology in periodontal disease (3d report). Effect of
      microdensitometer scanning aperture size and X-ray projection angle on the Wiener
      spectrum].

PMID- 3869174
TI  - [New attachment following flap surgery (7). Scanning and transmission electron
      microscopy of the diseased cementum].

PMID- 3869175
TI  - [Effect of toothbrushing on subgingival plaque removal].

PMID- 3869176
TI  - [Epidemiological study of periodontal disease on an island in the Nagasaki
      prefecture (III). Research on periodontal disease on Hirashima Island, Sakito
      cho].

PMID- 3869177
TI  - [A survey of periodontal diseases in female students in junior and senior high
      schools using CPITN (WHO)].

PMID- 3869178
TI  - [Status of periodontal patients at the initial visit. 2. Conditions of plaque
      accumulation].

PMID- 3869180
TI  - [Effect of a local application of tetracycline in a hydrophilic base on
      subgingival microflora].

PMID- 3869179
TI  - [Relation between changes in the clinical symptoms and the value of salivary
      occult blood tests in periodontally involved patients--a study using a test paper
      for saliva examination (Salivaster Bld)].

PMID- 3869181
TI  - [A standardized method for intraoral photography--innovation of a device and its
      clinical use].

PMID- 3869182
TI  - [A histological study on the changes in the attachment of the deep layer of the
      masseter muscle on the rat mandible during bite raising].

PMID- 3869183
TI  - [Long-term results of skeletal profile changes occurring during chincap therapy
      in male Japanese skeletal Class III cases].

PMID- 3869184
TI  - [Reversed headgear maxillary protraction appliance--a photoelastic study].

PMID- 3869185
TI  - [The recognition of facial form (1)--an analytic system for close observation
      point analysis].

PMID- 3869186
TI  - [Dynamics of extraoral anchorage--use of computer methods of structural analysis,
      strain gauge method and finite element method].

PMID- 3869187
TI  - [Morphologic studies of the temporomandibular joint using cephalometric
      laminagraphy. Condylar head position in the mixed dentition in cases of anterior
      crossbite].

PMID- 3869189
TI  - [An alternative cephalometric evaluation based on the concept of natural head
      position].

PMID- 3869188
TI  - [Post-treatment changes after maxillary protraction therapy].

PMID- 3869190
TI  - [The relation of tongue level to dental arch width].

PMID- 3869191
TI  - [A longitudinal study of dental caries prevalence of "H" primary school children
      in Choong-Chung-Book-Do].

PMID- 3869192
TI  - [A case report of maxillary retrusion and mandibular protrusion corrected by
      simultaneous maxillary and mandibular osteotomies].

PMID- 3869193
TI  - [An evaluation of communal water fluoridation in Korea].

PMID- 3869194
TI  - [AIDS in the oral cavity].

PMID- 3869195
TI  - [An electron microscopy study of the articular disc of the rat temporomandibular
      joint].

PMID- 3869196
TI  - [Fractures of the condyle head. II].

PMID- 3869197
TI  - [Marginal leakage tests on "Vivadent" composite resin].

PMID- 3869198
TI  - [A preliminary study on the development of a probing force training device using
      biofeedback technics].

PMID- 3869199
TI  - [The condylar paths of movement using electronic pantography].

PMID- 3869200
TI  - Surgical correction of asymmetric mandibular excess.

PMID- 3869201
TI  - [The effect of topical fluoride application on changes in the enamel crystals].

PMID- 3869202
TI  - Establishing occlusal positions. Part I: Where's the bite?

PMID- 3869203
TI  - A checklist for infection control.

PMID- 3869204
TI  - Nasopalatine cyst: a case report.

PMID- 3869205
TI  - Water fluoridation: a public health issue.

PMID- 3869206
TI  - Craniofacial pattern in mentally retarded children.

PMID- 3869207
TI  - Newer approaches to child management: use of poetry and drawings in the dental
      clinic.

PMID- 3869209
TI  - Status of buccal occlusion in repaired cleft cases as related to timing of
      palatal surgery.

PMID- 3869208
TI  - Effect of consumption of fresh fruits on the hydrogen ion modulation of human
      dental plaque.

PMID- 3869210
TI  - Inter-relationship of zinc and copper in drinking water with dental caries
      experience in real life situation.

PMID- 3869211
TI  - Inter-relationship between trace element in soil and dental caries experience.

PMID- 3869212
TI  - Modified space maintainers.

PMID- 3869213
TI  - Your drug license: can you afford to practice without it?

PMID- 3869214
TI  - A cephalometric appraisal of Chinese adults having normal occlusion and excellent
      facial types.

PMID- 3869215
TI  - Acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase activities in mast cells, macrophages,
      plasma cells and lymphocytes in gingival fibromatosis.

PMID- 3869216
TI  - Internal stress and base resins during polymerization.

PMID- 3869217
TI  - A newly devised digital periodontal probe.

PMID- 3869218
TI  - Multiple regression analysis of craniofacial and jaw muscle variables in control
      and deep-bite subjects.

PMID- 3869219
TI  - Cephalometric appraisal of the orientation of lateral pterygoid muscles.

PMID- 3869220
TI  - Tongue posture at rest: an electromyographic and cephalometric appraisal.

PMID- 3869221
TI  - Focal myositis of the tongue: report of a case.

PMID- 3869222
TI  - Iron uptake of hydroxyapatite.

PMID- 3869223
TI  - Necrotizing sialometaplasia: report of a case and review of the Japanese
      literature.

PMID- 3869224
TI  - A compact DC power unit for 200 mm medical-Nikkor f/5.6.

PMID- 3869225
TI  - The influence of small amounts of fluoride on calcium phosphate precipitation in
      dilute supersaturated solutions upon hydroxyapatite seedings.

PMID- 3869226
TI  - Clinical studies on consistency of chewing movement. Chewing path for the same
      food.

PMID- 3869227
TI  - The effect of TMJ abnormalities on chewing movements.

PMID- 3869228
TI  - Reinforcement of heat-cured acrylic resin denture-bases with 4-META adhesive
      resin and Co-Cr alloy wrought wires.

PMID- 3869229
TI  - [The cardiac effects of halothane anesthesia in infants with EEG as the monitor].

PMID- 3869230
TI  - [Effect of the composition of the reversion medium on the transformation of
      coccal forms and L-form of Staphylococcus aureus lysostaphin protoplasts].

PMID- 3869231
TI  - [Demonstration of pentalaminar membrane in the cell fusion of Staphylococcus
      aureus L-forms using electron microscopy].

PMID- 3869233
TI  - [The color balance of five reversal color films used in a medical camera with
      electronic flash].

PMID- 3869232
TI  - [The surface hardness of a visible light-cured composite, cured under various
      lighting conditions].

PMID- 3869234
TI  - [Clinical and statistical survey of the children at the Pedodontic Clinic of the
      Osaka University Dental Hospital].

PMID- 3869235
TI  - [Clinical experiences with dental xeroradiography (Xerox 110 system)].

PMID- 3869236
TI  - [Primary malignant lymphoma of the sublingual salivary gland].

PMID- 3869237
TI  - [Malignant schwannoma of the mandibular bone: report of a case].

PMID- 3869238
TI  - Heterogeneity of rat liver sulfotransferases.
AB  - Sulfotransferases (STs)active on androsterone (AD), cortisol (CS) and 4
      nitrophenol (NP) were separated by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography
      from cytosolic fractions of female rat liver and were divided into five ST
      fractions (peaks I-V) with different activities toward three substrates. The
      precipitates obtained in the 68% of saturation of ammonium sulfate were passed
      through a Sephadex G-100 column and purified by agarose-hexane adenosine 3',5'
      bisphosphate affinity chromatography. AD-ST isoenzyme (peak I) was purified 85
      fold, had low CS-ST activity, was devoid of NP-ST activity and appeared to
      correspond to hydroxysteroid ST 1. Peaks II and V appeared to consist mainly of
      hydroxysteroid ST and aryl ST, respectively.

PMID- 3869239
TI  - [Bioceramics in periodontal bone surgery. Clinical trial of Synthograft].

PMID- 3869240
TI  - [Gingival hyperplasia due to Dihydan. A semi-quantitative and ultrastrctural
      study].

PMID- 3869241
TI  - [The coronally repositioned flap].

PMID- 3869242
TI  - [Comparison of clinically healthy gingiva and palatal mucosa in man. Stereologic
      analysis of the connective tissue].

PMID- 3869243
TI  - [Current status of mucogingival surgery. III--Indications--conclusions].

PMID- 3869244
TI  - [Microbiological diagnosis of periodontitis].

PMID- 3869245
TI  - [Practical sub-gingival use of chlorhexidine].

PMID- 3869246
TI  - [Oxidative metabolism and chlorhexidine].

PMID- 3869247
TI  - [Experimental in vivo study of the action of chlorhexidine on microorganisms from
      acrylic resin dentures].

PMID- 3869248
TI  - [Action of Eludril on the wound healing of experimental wounds in humans].

PMID- 3869249
TI  - [The effect of chlorhexidine in sub-gingival irrigation on periodontitis. A
      preliminary study].

PMID- 3869250
TI  - Clinical screening of "Hierba buena" and "Lagundi" in patients with pain after
      dental extraction.

PMID- 3869251
TI  - A comparative study of Lagundi and aspirin as analgesics for post-extraction
      pain.

PMID- 3869252
TI  - A comparative study of the efficacy of garlic and eugenol as palliative agents
      against dental pain of pulpal origin.

PMID- 3869253
TI  - [Electron microscopy studies on the venous valves in the venous plexus of the dog
      palatal mucosa].

PMID- 3869254
TI  - [Possible effect of fluoride on bone--especially under feeding with a high
      phosphorous diet].

PMID- 3869255
TI  - [Characteristics of vibration in the head and torso resulting from tooth
      vibration].

PMID- 3869256
TI  - [The setting reactions of gypsum materials (2). SEM studies using a freeze-drying
      method].

PMID- 3869257
TI  - [The setting reaction of gypsum materials (3). Relation between dihydrate content
      and the compressive strength of dental plaster, hydrocal and densite stones].

PMID- 3869258
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy study of the vascular architecture in the dog
      palatal mucosa using corrosion casts].

PMID- 3869259
TI  - [Vibration transfer time in the head].

PMID- 3869260
TI  - [Incidence of cleft lip and palate in CL/Fr strain mice induced by maternal
      partial thyroidectomy: a microscopic study].

PMID- 3869261
TI  - [Microbiological study of the cleansing effect of ultrasonic vibration in pits
      and fissures].

PMID- 3869262
TI  - [The effect of various temporary filling materials on the adhesive tensile
      strength of luting cements].

PMID- 3869263
TI  - [Fibrinolysis: studies on the significance of euglobulin clot lysis time and re
      examination of its estimation method].

PMID- 3869264
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of ceftizoxime suppository in experimental animals].
AB  - Ceftizoxime suppository (CZX-S) was administered rectally to mice, rats and dogs,
      and the pharmacokinetics were studied in comparison with those after intravenous,
      intramuscular and subcutaneous administration of ceftizoxime (CZX). Absorption of
      CZX given rectally was rapid in all animals, similar to intramuscular or
      subcutaneous administration. The peak serum levels of CZX in mice, rats and dogs
      when administered rectally at a dose of 25 mg/kg were 23.1 micrograms/ml at 7.5
      minutes, 23.5 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes and 25.2 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes,
      respectively. These values were about 76%, 68% and 42% of the values for
      subcutaneous or intramuscular administration in mice, rats and dogs at the same
      respective doses. Urinary recoveries of CZX after rectal administration of 25
      mg/kg were 44.2% (0-12 12 hours) in rats and 27.7% (0-6 hours) in dogs, and 2.7%
      (0-6 hours) of the dose was excreted into bile fluid in rats. Organ distribution
      of CZX when administered rectally to rats was similar in distribution pattern to
      that of muscular administration, although its concentrations in various organs
      were slightly lower than those for intramuscular administration, as was the case
      for serum concentration. Serum concentrations of CZX were proportionately
      elevated with dose when dogs were rectally administered CZX-S in doses of 12.5,
      25 and 50 mg/kg. In the case of multiple administrations (t.i.d. for 10 days) of
      CZX-S to dogs, no remarkable difference was found in serum concentrations of CZX
      in comparison with single doses, and no accumulation of CZX was
      demonstrated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3869265
TI  - [Therapeutic efficacies of suppository of ceftizoxime against experimental
      infections in mice].
AB  - In experimental infections in mice, the therapeutic efficacies of rectal
      administration of ceftizoxime (CZX) were compared with those of subcutaneous
      administration. The efficacies of rectal administration were equivalent to those
      of subcutaneous administration against intraperitoneal infections due to
      Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Against Staphylococcus aureus,
      Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus
      mirabilis, Morganella morganii and Serratia marcescens, the efficacies of rectal
      administration were inferior to those of subcutaneous administration. Against
      urinary tract and respiratory tract infections, the efficacies of rectal
      administration were slightly inferior to those of subcutaneous administration.
      Serum concentrations of CZX for rectal administration were less than those of
      subcutaneous administration.

PMID- 3869266
TI  - [Clinical and laboratory data related to subtypes in adult patients with acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia. Unique clinical features in acute monocytic leukemia].

PMID- 3869267
TI  - [Acute monoblastic leukemia preceded by the hypereosinophilic syndrome. Leukemic
      cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo].

PMID- 3869268
TI  - [Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with an initial symptom of panniculitis].

PMID- 3869269
TI  - [A case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia with bone marrow eosinophilia,
      associated with pericentric inversion of chromosome 16].

PMID- 3869270
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of 201Tl-scintigraphy with bronchial arterial
      administration].

PMID- 3869271
TI  - Association of HLA-DRw8 and DQw3 with minimal change nephrotic syndrome in
      Japanese adults.
AB  - The HLA systems of forty Japanese patients with adult-onset nephrotic syndrome
      and biopsy-proven minimal change were investigated. HLA-DRw8 was found in 35% of
      the patients and HLA-DQw3 in 95%, compared to 12.6 and 63.1% of the control,
      respectively (DRw8: and Pc less than 0.01, RR = 3.74; DQw3: Pc less than 0.02, RR
      = 11.1). The phenotype frequencies of all but one HLA-DR antigens, DR4, DR5,
      DRw8, and DRw9 associating with DQw3, were observed to increase (patient vs.
      control: DR4, 65 vs. 41.4%; DR5, 10 vs. 4.3%; DRw9, 20 vs. 23%). These results
      suggest that HLA-DQw3 may be a primary genetic marker associated with a major
      susceptibility gene to adult-onset minimal change nephrotic syndrome in the
      Japanese population.

PMID- 3869272
TI  - Treatment of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) by traditional Chinese medicine
      and Western medicine alternately.

PMID- 3869273
TI  - Ocular relapse in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report.

PMID- 3869274
TI  - [Jaw forms in the post-treatment and post-retention of pseudo-Class III
      mandibular protrusion in the permanent dentition as compared with those of true
      Class III mandibular protrusion].

PMID- 3869275
TI  - [Analytical chemistry of fluorine. 1--Gas chromatography of fluorine in
      cigarettes using a low temperature oxygen-plasma ashing treatment method].

PMID- 3869276
TI  - [Prosthodontic study of surgical orthodontics for mandibular prognathism. 1. A
      new method for establishing maxillo-mandibular relations].

PMID- 3869277
TI  - [Computer methods for pharmacokinetic parameters following the single oral
      administration of a drug].

PMID- 3869278
TI  - [An abnormal tubercle on the mandibular 3d molar in Macaca mulatta].

PMID- 3869279
TI  - The Museum of the School of Dental Surgery, University of Liverpool.

PMID- 3869280
TI  - [Herpes labialis, a human illness].

PMID- 3869282
TI  - [Electric resistance and capacitance in various sections of hens' egg shells].

PMID- 3869283
TI  - [Electric properties of hens' egg shells].

PMID- 3869281
TI  - [The amputated pulp reaction to formocresol--an autoradiographic study].

PMID- 3869284
TI  - [Skin resistance and capacitance at excoriation].

PMID- 3869285
TI  - [Distortion pattern in a model of the lower dentition with the 1st molar
      missing].

PMID- 3869286
TI  - [Remodelling process of periodontal fibers appearing under mechanical retention
      after tooth rotation].

PMID- 3869287
TI  - [Effect of dietary cadmium on the concentration of cadmium in the hard tissues of
      growing rats].

PMID- 3869288
TI  - [Cytotoxicity of root canal filling materials. 1. Preduits Dentaires gutta-percha
      point, GC Dental gutta-percha point, Vereinigte Dentalwerke (Zipperer) gutta
      percha point, eucapercha, zinc oxide-eugenol sealer (Canals), zinc oxide-eugenol
      sealer (Tubli-Seal)].

PMID- 3869289
TI  - [Local anesthetic effect of phenol derivatives. 3. Cresatin and thymol].

PMID- 3869290
TI  - [A case of incontinentia pigmenti and its oral changes].

PMID- 3869291
TI  - Necrotizing sialometaplasia.

PMID- 3869292
TI  - Troubleshooting in local anaesthesia: Gow-Gates mandibular block.

PMID- 3869293
TI  - The dynamics of toothbrushing.

PMID- 3869294
TI  - Does orthodontic treatment precipitate TMJ/muscular disorders?

PMID- 3869295
TI  - [Association of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the liver and chronic
      myeloproliferative syndrome with a predominant thrombocythemic expression].

PMID- 3869296
TI  - [Shape of face in retrusive disorders--a radiologic study. II].

PMID- 3869298
TI  - [The diagnosis of toothache in post-extraction alveolitis].

PMID- 3869297
TI  - [Caries in the dentition in obese children in Prerov].

PMID- 3869299
TI  - Cocaine induced-gingival necrosis.

PMID- 3869301
TI  - [Normal cementum and pathological cementum].

PMID- 3869300
TI  - A unilateral gingival overgrowth (hyperplasia) in a Dilantin treated patient.

PMID- 3869302
TI  - [Significance and processes in the movement toward health insurance].

PMID- 3869303
TI  - [The enamel maturation of rats during the tooth eruption process].

PMID- 3869304
TI  - [Caries prevention using laser irradiation in pediatric dentistry].

PMID- 3869305
TI  - [Caries-inducing activity of Palatinose syrup].

PMID- 3869306
TI  - [Tooth form and size of fused or congenitally missing deciduous teeth and the
      abnormalities of their successors].

PMID- 3869307
TI  - [Diagnosis of the dentin bridge after pulpotomy in the primary teeth by measuring
      the electrical resistance with a caries meter].

PMID- 3869308
TI  - [The development of mastication in infants].

PMID- 3869309
TI  - [Non-cariogenicity of palatinose].

PMID- 3869310
TI  - [Composite resin restoration in posterior teeth. I. The trial manufacture of
      beveling burs for the composite resin cavity].

PMID- 3869311
TI  - [Dental observations in hypophosphatasia].

PMID- 3869312
TI  - [Report of a case of a glass chip embedded in floor of the mouth].

PMID- 3869313
TI  - [A case of a mucocele in infancy].

PMID- 3869314
TI  - [Clinical and statistical studies on ankyloglossia from the Department of Oral
      and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, during the past 10
      years].

PMID- 3869315
TI  - [Case report of an odontoma removed from the area of the lower incisors and long
      term follow-up studies].

PMID- 3869316
TI  - [New temporary filling procedures for Class II inlay restorations using composite
      resins in the primary molars].

PMID- 3869317
TI  - [Wall-to-wall polymerization contraction of 5 composites].

PMID- 3869318
TI  - [High resolution scanning electron microscopy of formative bone surfaces during
      endochondral ossification].

PMID- 3869319
TI  - [High resolution scanning electron microscopy of the surface layer of senile
      bone].

PMID- 3869320
TI  - [Restoration of the "supporting zone" of the mandible in the partially dentate
      mouth (1). Assessment of the "supporting zone"].

PMID- 3869321
TI  - An analysis by X-ray microanalyzer of calcium and strontium in enamel and dentin
      of incisor of rat maintained on added strontium in diets with different calcium
      contents.

PMID- 3869322
TI  - [Longitudinal study of dentinogenesis imperfecta. Report of a case].

PMID- 3869323
TI  - [Dental findings in a case of Cornelia de Lange's syndrome].

PMID- 3869324
TI  - [Clinico-statistical analysis of patients with malignant tumors of the maxillo
      facial region--6 years' clinical experience].

PMID- 3869325
TI  - [Cellular differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the endochondral
      region of the embryonic chick tibia].

PMID- 3869326
TI  - [Augmentation materials in surgery. Can periodontal pockets be filled?].

PMID- 3869327
TI  - [Frequency of isolation of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and
      Capnocytophaga sp. in periodontitis in adults].

PMID- 3869328
TI  - [Transition from gingivitis to periodontitis. Immunological and bacteriological
      aspects].

PMID- 3869329
TI  - [Role of a new suture material in dental surgery. Irradiated Vicryl].

PMID- 3869330
TI  - [Personality factors and pain tolerance in a population of 100 dental students].

PMID- 3869331
TI  - [General principles of homeopathy].

PMID- 3869332
TI  - [Manual instrument sequence in endodontics].

PMID- 3869333
TI  - [The role of the Neosono in determining canal length].

PMID- 3869334
TI  - [What's new in anesthetic technics?].

PMID- 3869335
TI  - [Periodontal curettage].

PMID- 3869336
TI  - [The evolution of orthodontics].

PMID- 3869337
TI  - [Orthodontic futurology].

PMID- 3869338
TI  - [The game of possible faces].

PMID- 3869339
TI  - [Ortho-fiction].

PMID- 3869340
TI  - [A panel discussion on the orthodontics of tomorrow].

PMID- 3869341
TI  - [Thermographic analysis of the facial muscles in orthodontics].

PMID- 3869342
TI  - [Orthodontics: medico-legal aspects].

PMID- 3869343
TI  - [Mechanics for you and me].

PMID- 3869344
TI  - [Computer applications in orthodontics].

PMID- 3869345
TI  - [A simple system for premolar retraction in cases of extraction of the 1st
      permanent molars].

PMID- 3869346
TI  - Establishment of a model of transplantable myelocytic leukemia (L801) in LACA
      mice.
AB  - A transplantable myelocytic leukemia model of LACA mice, designated by the name
      of L801, was established by intravenous injection of spleen cell suspension from
      mice with radiation-induced myelocytic leukemia into mice of the same strain.
      Until now, for more than three years, the L801 has maintained stable and rapid
      growth and has been reproduced for over 130 serial passages. The incidence of
      leukemia in inoculated animals was approximately 100% and mean survival time was
      10.9 +/- 2.1 days. The L801 is of myelocytic type which has been determined by
      cytological, cytochemical, pathological and ultrastructural observations. Its
      karyotype was hypodiploid, characterized by modal number of 39, loss of Y
      chromosome and an abnormal huge marker chromosome. The cell cycle duration of the
      L801 was 16 h. C-type viral particles were observed under the electron
      microscope. The L801 was sensitive, to varying extents, to various anti-tumor
      agents. We presume that the L801 is a useful tool in studies on mechanism of
      leukemogenesis, anti-tumor agent screening and treatment of experimental tumors.

PMID- 3869348
TI  - [Osteogenesis induced by autografts of costal cartilage in young rabbits].

PMID- 3869347
TI  - [Experimental studies of pulpectomy in permanent teeth with incompletely formed
      apices. Root canal filling with iodoform-calcium hydroxide paste with the
      addition of silicon oil].

PMID- 3869349
TI  - [Experimental studies on the discrimination of hardness of foods bitten into with
      the natural dentition].

PMID- 3869350
TI  - [Effect of dental health education and care on individual health behaviour of
      high school students in Japan].

PMID- 3869351
TI  - [Root canals of the deciduous mandibular lateral incisors using transverse serial
      sections].

PMID- 3869352
TI  - [The position of the N. mandibularis, A. maxillaris and Vv. maxillares in
      Japanese people with the mouth open].

PMID- 3869353
TI  - [Facial changes during pronunciation of Japanese vowel using Moire topography].

PMID- 3869354
TI  - [Facial symmetry in children's skulls using the Moire method].

PMID- 3869355
TI  - [Establishment of a reference plane for the deciduous dentition, mixed dentition
      and permanent dentition].

PMID- 3869356
TI  - [Diagnostic basis for the extraction of permanent teeth in Greenland 1982-83].

PMID- 3869357
TI  - [A radiographic assessment of healing following surgical endodontics].

PMID- 3869358
TI  - [Acceptance program for amalgam].

PMID- 3869359
TI  - [Case report of a solitary myeloma of the mandible].

PMID- 3869360
TI  - [Cranio-maxillofacial surgery in Goteborg].

PMID- 3869361
TI  - [Should one use non-precious alloys?].

PMID- 3869362
TI  - [Oral examination appropriate for patients with reactive arthritis of diffuse
      etiology].

PMID- 3869363
TI  - [Rational dental care. Effective care models in organized children's and young
      adults' dental care systems].

PMID- 3869365
TI  - [Dental health care--a branch of the Swedish economy].

PMID- 3869364
TI  - [Avulsed and replanted teeth. A summary of experimental studies].

PMID- 3869366
TI  - [Clinical photography III].

PMID- 3869367
TI  - [The camera of my dreams].

PMID- 3869368
TI  - [Clinical photography IV].

PMID- 3869369
TI  - [The structure and development of the Danish pharmaceutical industry].

PMID- 3869371
TI  - Cephalometric analysis of occlusal plane angulation: a comparison of regression
      in male and female samples.

PMID- 3869370
TI  - An analysis of fractures of the facial skeleton in three populations in the
      Johannesburg urban area.

PMID- 3869372
TI  - Carpal tunnel syndrome: a "new" occupational hazard for the oral hygienist.

PMID- 3869373
TI  - Cementation of cast acid-etch bridges.

PMID- 3869374
TI  - Conservative dentistry, the dentist's dilemma.

PMID- 3869375
TI  - Radiological features of the periodontium in health and disease--a review.

PMID- 3869376
TI  - An experiment in the selection of first-year dental students at the University of
      the Witwatersrand.

PMID- 3869377
TI  - Dentistry and the community.

PMID- 3869378
TI  - A simplified method for surgical prediction tracing.

PMID- 3869379
TI  - Correlations of IQ scores and a pupil rating scale with plaque removal before and
      after the 1979 National Dental Health Week.

PMID- 3869380
TI  - Dentists in the RSA, 1972 and 1982. A study of geographic spread and dentist to
      population ratios.

PMID- 3869381
TI  - A problem diagnosis ... a case report.

PMID- 3869382
TI  - [Anatomy and radiologic symptoms and devices--m.b.t. tooth and pulp morphology].

PMID- 3869383
TI  - A comparison between and a discussion of the training and problems of oral
      hygienists in America, South Africa and other countries.

PMID- 3869384
TI  - "Audio-dentistry"--an adjunct for patient management.

PMID- 3869385
TI  - Dislocation/subluxation of TMJ--a case report.

PMID- 3869386
TI  - Dentists: examples of articulate emptiness.

PMID- 3869387
TI  - [Enzymographic analysis of lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase in
      dental pulp].

PMID- 3869388
TI  - [An epidemiologic analysis of orthodontic case records 1968-1978].

PMID- 3869389
TI  - [Possibilities for cooperation during orthodontic treatment].

PMID- 3869390
TI  - [Materials used for root canal filling].

PMID- 3869391
TI  - [The role of health education in successful conservative root canal therapy].

PMID- 3869392
TI  - [Testing the compressive strength of denture base resins].

PMID- 3869393
TI  - [The bacterial flora of tooth surfaces and carious lesions in experimental caries
      in rats].

PMID- 3869394
TI  - [3 cases of surgical-orthodontic treatment of severe mandibular protrusion].

PMID- 3869395
TI  - [Caries prevention with fluoride. Scientific status].

PMID- 3869396
TI  - [Changes in dentistry in Switzerland after 20 years of preventive care].

PMID- 3869397
TI  - [In which direction does the judge go in his decisions on medical-legal
      actions?].

PMID- 3869398
TI  - [What is accepted basic knowledge?].

PMID- 3869399
TI  - [Surface discoloration of metals in the mouth].

PMID- 3869400
TI  - [Analgesics in dental practice].

PMID- 3869401
TI  - [Dens invaginatus--case report].

PMID- 3869402
TI  - [Focal and systemic causes of disease in the stomatognathic system or
      psychosomatic disease?].

PMID- 3869403
TI  - [Antibiotic use in dental practice].

PMID- 3869404
TI  - [Periodontal recession--prevalence, significance, causes and therapy].

PMID- 3869405
TI  - [Dental profession in scope of occupational medicine].

PMID- 3869406
TI  - [Activity of lysozymes in the saliva of caries-susceptible and caries-resistant
      persons].

PMID- 3869407
TI  - [Tolyprin in the treatment of painful swellings and infections following jaw
      surgery].

PMID- 3869409
TI  - [Can the mode of action of functional orthodontic appliances be increased?].

PMID- 3869408
TI  - [Frequency and results of surgical fracture treatment of the facial skeleton].

PMID- 3869410
TI  - [Radiopacity of composite filling materials in the lateral dental arch].

PMID- 3869411
TI  - [Laser therapy in dentistry].

PMID- 3869412
TI  - [Surgical preservation of teeth with a retrograde root canal filling material of
      aluminum oxide-ceramic (Al2O3)].

PMID- 3869413
TI  - [Surface ultrastructure of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) and changes
      during induced differentiation].

PMID- 3869414
TI  - Neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis in methotrexate-treated psoriasis patients.
AB  - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) and monocyte (MO) chemotaxis in methotrexate
      (MTX)-treated psoriatics was determined by a radioactive in vitro assay. MTX was
      administered orally once a week in a dose of 7.5 mg to 15 mg. Six untreated
      patients were examined before start and during the first week of the MTX
      treatment. A profound depression of the enhanced levels of PMN and MO chemotaxis
      was seen within the first 48 hours after intake of MTX, but the chemotactic
      activity recovered to initial values during the following days. Fifteen psoriasis
      patients in long-term treatment with MTX had normal chemotactic responses of both
      PMN's and MO's.

PMID- 3869415
TI  - Detection of anthralin in skin during treatment.
AB  - Free anthralin was detected in the stratum corneum and in hair follicles in
      histological sections of patients with psoriasis undergoing short contact
      therapy. A solution of sodium borate was used to provoke a yellow fluorescent
      complex. There was a strong fluorescence especially on the plaques and anthralin
      could be detected in psoriatic plaques up to 48 hours after treatment. It was
      difficult to completely eliminate the drug by washing with soap and anthralin
      could even be detected on non-treated areas.

PMID- 3869416
TI  - Long term results of topical trioxsalen PUVA in lichen planus and nodular
      prurigo.
AB  - Bath and ointment trioxsalen PUVAs were used in the treatment of 75 patients with
      lichen planus and 63 patients with nodular prurigo. The mean cumulative UVA dose
      during the primary treatment episode of 2-4 weeks was only about 7 J/cm2. In
      lichen planus the result was good in 80% of the patients. During the 2-5 years
      follow-up time 25% of the patients had a relapse. In nodular prurigo the result
      was good in 81% of the patients after the primary treatment. After the 1-6 years
      follow-up time 18% of the patients were totally healed and about 90% had got at
      least some help of the treatment, but in most patients the disease had relapsed
      and further treatment was needed to maintain the result. Neither malignant skin
      tumors nor PUVA lentigines developed in any of the patients.

PMID- 3869417
TI  - 15 years' experience with treatment of basal cell carcinomas of the skin with
      curettage.
AB  - At the Department of Dermatology in the Finsen Institute we have since the
      beginning of the 1960's been especially interested in the treatment of skin
      tumors. Curettage is used in combination with a number of other treatment
      modalities and, therefore, it has been important to assess the value of curettage
      as the only therapy of basal cell carcinomas (b.c.c.). Gradually, curettage has
      come to be the normal treatment of b.c.c. of the skin in very large patient
      materials. The curettage is supplemented with X-ray therapy in cases where the
      demarcation in the depth is uncertain, while electrocauterization is used if the
      limits between a tumor and the surrounding skin are not sharp. 3 patient groups
      have been followed at regular intervals, and the results of these are described
      and discussed. The groups comprise firstly 525 patients with solitary tumors,
      secondly a special group consisting of 180 b.c.c. of the eyelid region and
      thirdly a group of 673 patients with multiple b.c.c. Considering the benign
      character of the tumors, their frequent localization on the face, the low age of
      many patients, and especially the nice results from the cosmetic point of view,
      it is concluded that curettage as the only treatment of b.c.c. ought to be a part
      of the therapeutic routine in a modern Department of Dermatology.

PMID- 3869418
TI  - Trichophyton rubrum specific IgE in serum in patients with chronic T. rubrum
      infection as demonstrated by crossed radio-immuno-electrophoresis.
AB  - By means of crossed radio-immunoelectrophoresis specific IgE antibodies to
      Trichophyton rubrum were demonstrated in serum from seven of eight patients with
      chronic T. rubrum infection. Total IgE values were within normal limits in all.
      In contrast, no specific IgE antibodies were found in sera from 10 patients with
      inflammatory ringworm lesions due to Microsporum canis, T. mentagrophytes or T.
      verrucosum or from six non infected controls. A long-lasting exposure to a
      constant antigen load is considered of importance for the development of humoral
      immunity including IgE production.

PMID- 3869419
TI  - Skin elasticity measured by dynamic admittance. A new technique for mechanical
      measurements in patients with scleroderma.
AB  - A new method is presented for determining overall mechanical properties of the
      skin. The technique is called dynamic admittance measurement. By computerized
      calculations of mechanical resonance measurements, information is obtained on the
      elastic modulus representing the type and amount of collagen in the skin, the
      quality factor describing the mechanical quality (effectiveness) of the collagen,
      and the mechanical resistance of the viscous, non-elastic component of the skin.
      The method is suitable for measuring mechanical properties of small skin areas,
      e.g. distally on the fingers in acrosclerotic lesions of scleroderma. Highly
      reproducible, standardized results are obtained. In generalized scleroderma, the
      elastic modulus of the cutaneous network of collagen and elastin is increased,
      not only in clinically affected skin, but also in clinically unaffected areas,
      whereas the mechanical quality factor and the viscous resistance (mechanical
      impedance) was unaltered in scleroderma compared with normal controls. The
      dynamic admittance method for determining the mechanical properties of the skin
      in vivo may be of importance for accurate monitoring of disease status and for
      assessing the effect of therapy in diseases, where alterations in the mechanical
      properties of the skin are of significance.

PMID- 3869420
TI  - Pressure onycholysis in slaugtherhouse workers.
AB  - Onycholysis was found in 7 workers engaged with manual skinning of cattle. In all
      of them the nail problems started shortly after employment. The most likely
      explanation for the persistent onycholysis is work related pressure anoxia of the
      nailbed.

PMID- 3869421
TI  - Angiosarcoma of the leg. A case report.
AB  - A patient with angiosarcoma on the lower leg is presented. The lesion resembled
      primarily an atypical varicose ulcer, but was immediately suspected of
      malignancy. Four biopsies could not confirm our suspicion. Only after total
      excision of the area the diagnosis angiosarcoma was established. This indicates
      that deep biopsies should be taken from all parts of a tumour suspected of this
      type of malignant disease.

PMID- 3869422
TI  - Diabetes and coronary heart disease.
AB  - Clinically manifest coronary heart disease (CHD) is not uncommon in diabetics
      with insulin-dependent type of the disease below the age of 40, particularly when
      the duration of diabetes is long. Clinically manifest CHD is very common in
      diabetics with maturity-onset, non-insulin-dependent type of the disease, and in
      this type of diabetes the frequency of CHD shows little or no relation to the
      duration of diabetes. Premenopausal female diabetics have a clinically manifest
      CHD almost as often as male diabetics of the same age--a situation in sharp
      contrast to that in non-diabetics with large excess of CHD in males. The
      incidence of all manifestations of CHD (sudden and nonsudden CHD death, non-fatal
      myocardial infarction, "silent" myocardial infarction, and angina pectoris) is
      increased in diabetics as compared to non-diabetics, but the excess of CHD
      mortality in diabetics is especially marked, being 3 to 4 times higher than in
      non-diabetics. The incidence of congestive heart failure is markedly increased in
      diabetics and this is in part independent of increased occurrence of CHD and
      hypertension among diabetics. Subclinical abnormalities of left ventricular
      function are common in diabetics and these abnormalities appear to show some
      relationship to the metabolic control of diabetes and in insulin-dependent
      diabetics also to the presence of microangiopathy. Diabetes is associated with
      changes in general CHD risk factors to atherogenic direction. These changes
      include abnormalities in the levels and composition of plasma lipids and
      lipoproteins and increased frequency of hypertension. The impact of general risk
      factors on CHD risk appears to be similar in diabetics and non
      diabetics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3869423
TI  - Mortality and associated risk factors in diabetics.
AB  - In 168 male diabetics aged 40-64 years participating in the Whitehall Study, ten
      year age adjusted mortality rates were significantly higher than in non-diabetics
      for all causes, coronary heart disease, all cardiovascular disease and, in
      addition, causes other than cardiovascular. Mortality rates were not
      significantly related to known duration of the diabetes. The predictive effects
      of several major mortality risk factors were similar in diabetics and non
      diabetics. Excess mortality rates in the diabetics could not be attributed to
      differences in levels of blood pressure or any other of the major risk factors
      measured.

PMID- 3869425
TI  - The Finnish Diabetes Center.

PMID- 3869424
TI  - Are plasma lipoproteins responsible for the excess atherosclerosis in diabetes?
AB  - The quantitative analyses of the concentration and composition of main plasma
      lipoprotein fractions in diabetic patients have so far not revealed such
      abnormalities that they could explain any major part of the excess
      atherosclerotic vascular disease present in both insulin-dependent and noninsulin
      dependent diabetes. In insulin-treated patients the characteristic lipoprotein
      profile with low VLDL, normal LDL and elevated HDL levels prevents
      atherosclerosis rather than promotes it. However, the pattern will change to more
      atherogenic direction in the presence of either poor diabetic control or obesity
      or renal disease. It is possible that the patients who develop manifest clinical
      cardiovascular disease are in fact derived from these subcategories. In
      noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients the most common lipoprotein abnormality is
      an increase of VLDL and of total triglyceride, neither of which are currently
      held as strong risk factors. HDL is often at low side and may contribute to
      atherosclerosis, but may also represent a special hypercatabolic form of hypo-HDL
      emia which is less atherogenic than the usual HDL deficiency.

PMID- 3869426
TI  - Abstracts of papers: Scandinavian Society for the Study of Diabetes. 20th annual
      meeting Malmo, Sweden, May 9-11, 1985.

PMID- 3869427
TI  - Current aspects of the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes mellitus.
      Proceedings of a symposium. Uppsala, Sweden, November 8-9, 1984.

PMID- 3869428
TI  - Platelet aggregation during the first year of diabetes in childhood.
AB  - Platelet aggregability in 24 newly diagnosed diabetic children was investigated
      on five occasions from onset of the disease until one year after diagnosis.
      Twenty healthy children of similar age and sex served as controls. The magnitude
      of the platelet shape change after adenosine diphosphate (ADP) stimulation was
      decreased in diabetic children on admission (p less than 0.05) in comparison with
      controls, but normalized during the year of the study. Maximal aggregation and
      initial rate of aggregation after ADP stimulation did not change significantly
      during the study year, and did not differ from those in controls. Aggregation by
      low dose collagen (0.5 and 1.0 mg/l) increased significantly (maximal
      aggregation, p less than 0.01; aggregation velocity, p less than 0.001) in the
      diabetics during the first year after admission from seemingly normal to clearly
      supranormal. Aggregation induced by high-dose collagen (5.5 mg/l) remained
      unchanged during the observation period and did not differ from that in the
      control group. No correlations were found between the indicators of platelet
      aggregation and those of carbohydrate control at any time after diagnosis.
      Platelet dysfunction is thus present already during the first year of diabetes.
      The different time course of the ADP-induced platelet shape change and collagen
      induced aggregation imply that the mechanisms underlying the abnormalities of
      these two platelet functions differ.

PMID- 3869429
TI  - Congenital malformations in diabetic pregnancy: the clinical relevance of
      experimental animal studies.
AB  - The aim of this work was to present recent observations on the occurrence of
      malformations in the offspring of diabetic rats and to discuss these findings in
      the light of present clinical experience. Comparison of malformation rates
      between different substrains of Sprague-Dawley rats showed marked differences in
      the occurrence of diabetes-induced malformations. These findings suggest that
      congenital malformations in diabetic pregnancy may result from a teratological
      insult in genetically predisposed individuals. Recent clinical reports seem to
      link facial malformations to an increased incidence of sacral-caudal
      malformations in human diabetic pregnancy. The present rat model, which expresses
      both these aberrations--micrognathia and sacral dysgenesis--may therefore be a
      useful tool in studies of the aetiological relationships between disturbed
      maternal metabolism and skeletal malformations in the offspring. Malformations in
      fetuses of diabetic animals seem to arise from teratogenic insult(s) early in
      pregnancy. Hyperglycemia and hyperketonemia may both singly, and in combination,
      be of teratological significance. Insulin itself does not appear to be directly
      teratogenic. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that disturbed levels of
      trace metals, primarily zinc, may be a significant factor in the production of
      congenital malformations. The increased rate of malformations in diabetic
      pregnancy, therefore, appears to be multifactorial in origin.

PMID- 3869430
TI  - Congenital malformations in diabetic pregnancies. Clinical viewpoints.
AB  - A consecutive series of 2,587 newborn infants of diabetic mothers treated during
      pregnancy and delivery in the period 1926 to 1983 has been analysed. The
      malformation rate was 6.6%. The series has been divided into five consecutive
      periods each comprising around 500 infants. During the first four periods the
      frequency of congenital malformations (CM) was remarkably constant also when
      related to the severity of the maternal diabetes. During the latest period from
      1979 to 1983 a significant decrease in the frequency and severity of CM in
      infants of diabetic mothers was seen, most marked in the group with more severe
      maternal diabetes (White's classes D + F). One hundred and thirty-five insulin
      dependent diabetic women with regular menstrual histories were examined by
      ultrasonic scanning in the 7th to 14th week of pregnancy. As judged by the crown
      rump length 53 fetuses were smaller than normal. The term early growth delay is
      used for this phenomenon. Nine of the 135 fetuses had major CM and seven of them
      were smaller than normal in early pregnancy. These observations show that fetuses
      that are significantly smaller than normal in early pregnancy carry a higher risk
      of being malformed and suggest a common mechanism behind early growth delay and
      induction of abnormal embryogenesis.

PMID- 3869431
TI  - Epirubicin in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
AB  - Epirubicin (Epi-DX), a new analog of doxorubicin, was administered I.V. once q 3
      weeks at the dose of 90 mg/m2 to 20 evaluable patients with non-Hodgkin's
      lymphomas (NHL). Eighty-two percent of patients with favorable histology and 67%
      with unfavorable histology achieved complete or partial remissions, with an
      overall response rate of 75%. Gastrointestinal and hematologic toxicity was
      generally mild to moderate. Reversible ST-T changes were observed only in two
      patients. Epi-DX has high activity in patients with NHL, and further studies in
      combination with other agents are recommended.

PMID- 3869432
TI  - Improved survival in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Need for more effective
      CNS prophylaxis.
AB  - Using a multimodality approach to adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 93% of
      patients achieved a complete remission; among patients achieving a complete
      remission, 43% are predicted to remain disease-free for 5 years. Despite use of
      cranial irradiation (2400 rad) and intrathecal methotrexate (12 mg X 5), CNS
      relapse occurred in 5/14 patients (36%). With improved systemic therapy of adult
      ALL, survival is increased and "standard" CNS prophylaxis is not as effective as
      it appeared to be when systemic remissions were of shorter duration. More
      effective approaches to CNS prophylaxis need to be devised.

PMID- 3869433
TI  - In vitro activities of enoxacin, ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid, aztreonam,
      piperacillin, and imipenem and comparison with commonly used antimicrobial
      agents.
AB  - A total of 745 gram-negative and 313 gram-positive clinical isolates were tested
      against enoxacin, ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid, aztreonam, imipenem, and
      piperacillin and compared with commonly used antimicrobial agents. Ticarcillin
      plus clavulanic acid, imipenem, and piperacillin were active against Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. and most Pseudomonas spp. Aztreonam was active
      against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae but was less effective against
      the nonfermenters. Enoxacin was active against the Enterobacteriaceae, P.
      aeruginosa, the staphylococci, and most Acinetobacter spp. but was less active
      against Pseudomonas spp. and streptococci. Imipenem was very active against all
      gram-positive and -negative organisms tested except for Pseudomonas maltophilia.

PMID- 3869434
TI  - Long term follow-up of inferior myocardial infarction. Prognostic significance of
      precordial ST segment depression.
AB  - A group of 123 consecutive patients with acute transmural inferior myocardial
      infarction were compared according to the presence or absence of precordial ST
      segment depression on admission to hospital. There was a significant increase in
      mean age, peak creatine kinase levels, and the incidence of left ventricular
      failure and high grade atrioventricular block in the group with precordial ST
      segment depression. There was also an increase in in-hospital mortality in this
      group but this difference was not significant. Despite these differences in in
      hospital progress, during a follow-up period of over two years there was no
      difference in long term mortality, recurrence of angina, or subsequent cardiac
      related admissions between the two groups.

PMID- 3869436
TI  - The role of signal averaged electrocardiography in the investigation of
      unselected patients with syncope.
AB  - The cause of syncope is often not determined, despite extensive investigations,
      yet it is important to identify the high risk group who may be in danger of
      sudden death due to ventricular arrhythmias. Recent studies have shown that the
      signal averaged electrocardiogram (SA ECG) can identify low amplitude signals in
      the terminal portion of the QRS and ST segment (late potentials) recorded from
      the body surface, which represent areas of delayed conduction in small areas of
      diseased myocardium in patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT). Sixty-five
      consecutive patients presenting to hospital with syncope were prospectively
      evaluated to determine a cause of syncope; this included quantitative analysis of
      the terminal QRS complex using SA ECG. A cardiac cause of syncope was assigned to
      49% of patients, a non-cardiac cause to 20%, and no cause was found in the
      remaining 31%. Initial history and physical examination established a diagnosis
      in 14% of patients. A prior history of heart disease was an important indicator
      to a cardiac cause for syncope. Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring was
      diagnostic in 23% and the yield for electrophysiological testing (in a selected
      subgroup) was 40%. Ancillary cardiac and neurological investigations were of
      little diagnostic value, although they were useful in defining the severity and
      extent of clinically suspected conditions. SA ECG identified a late potential in
      11 of 13 patients with VT, but was normal in all except three of the remaining
      patients who were not considered to have VT (sensitivity 85%, specificity 94%).
      We conclude that high frequency analysis of the signal averaged ECG is a reliable
      non-invasive indicator of syncope due to VT.

PMID- 3869435
TI  - Acute coronary hemodynamic effects of equihypotensive doses of nisoldipine and
      diltiazem.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of nisoldipine and diltiazem were investigated in two
      groups of patients undergoing investigation for suspected coronary artery
      disease. Emphasis was placed on the coronary hemodynamic changes. Approximately
      equihypotensive doses of these two calcium channel blockers, nisoldipine (6
      micrograms/kg) and diltiazem (500 micrograms/kg) were given intravenously.
      Although both drugs decreased peak systolic pressure by 28% and 24%,
      respectively, heart rate increased with nisoldipine (68 +/- 9 to 82 +/- 12 bpm)
      and remained unchanged with diltiazem (70 +/- 9 to 67 +/- 10 bpm). Nisoldipine
      increased mean coronary sinus blood flow from 146 +/- 40 to 176 +/- 35 ml/min and
      great cardiac vein flow from 87 +/- 20 to 109 +/- 24 ml/min, producing a
      significant reduction in the calculated global (from 0.79 +/- 0.2 to 0.43 +/-
      0.12 mmHg min/ml) and regional (from 1.43 +/- 0.2 to 0.70 +/- 0.13 mmHg min/ml)
      coronary vascular resistances. There were no significant flow changes when
      corrected for heart rate. Global and regional myocardial oxygen consumptions were
      not significantly altered. Diltiazem had no significant effects on heart rate or
      global and regional blood flows, although the vascular resistances decreased by
      32% and 35%, respectively. Diltiazem reduced global and regional arterio-coronary
      sinus oxygen differences, resulting in significant decreases in global (from 14.9
      +/- 4.7 to 12.1 +/- 2.3 ml/min) and regional (from 5.6 +/- 0.9 to 5.2 +/- 1.2
      ml/min) myocardial oxygen consumptions. The major difference between the drugs
      was in heart rate, despite the similar reductions in aortic pressure. The lack of
      a positive chronotropic response after diltiazem may explain the reduction in
      myocardial oxygen consumption.

PMID- 3869437
TI  - Hepatitis B transmission within families: potential importance of saliva as a
      vehicle of spread.
AB  - We report a family, extensively affected by hepatitis B virus (HBV), in whom
      sexual or vertical transmission is unlikely to account entirely for the intra
      family clustering of the virus. HBV-DNA was detected in saliva in one family
      member and we suggest that spread by salivary transmission could account for at
      least some of the intra-family infection and could contribute to the "inapparent
      parenteral" spread of hepatitis B.

PMID- 3869438
TI  - A factor IX gene probe: its use in carrier detection, antenatal diagnosis and
      characterisation of the molecular basis for hemophilia B.
AB  - Of hemophilia B carriers, 67% were shown to have informative restriction fragment
      length polymorphisms (Taq I or Xmn I) associated with the factor IX gene.
      Analysis of DNA for these polymorphisms can enable the detection of the
      hemophilia B carrier state in females and of hemophilia B in the male fetus in
      the first trimester. Extensive mapping of the factor IX gene in one hemophiliac
      who developed antibodies to factor IX failed to detect structural abnormalities
      in his gene. A non-deletional basis for hemophilia B is proposed in this
      instance.

PMID- 3869439
TI  - Resurgent yaws in the Solomon Islands.
AB  - We report a resurgence of yaws in the Solomon Islands and describe the combined
      clinico-serological survey and mass penicillin treatment campaign to define and
      curb it.

PMID- 3869440
TI  - Measuring physicians' judgment--the use of clinical data by Australian
      rheumatologists.
AB  - Most therapeutic decisions depend upon the clinical judgment of physicians
      assessing their patients. However the inherent and wide variation in such
      judgments is usually ignored. Rheumatoid arthritis typifies those diseases in
      which much information is available on which to base decisions, but little is
      known about how physicians combine the data to evaluate their patients' response
      to treatment. Thirty-four Australian rheumatologists recorded their assessments
      of the progress of 50 rheumatoid patients treated with 'second line' agents,
      based on data presented on previously validated written forms. Clinical judgment
      analysis, a form of multiple regression analysis, was then used to model the way
      physicians' judgments related to the available data. There were major differences
      of judgment in the assessments of response to therapy. This was so even when only
      'clinically important' changes were identified. The variance in judgments which
      could be modelled by clinical judgment analysis ranged from 45% to 94%. Both
      individual inconsistency and differences in the underlying use of data
      contributed to disagreements between clinicians' assessments of identical cases.
      Identifying underlying differences in the way clinical data relate to clinicians'
      judgments is a step towards improving clinical consistency.

PMID- 3869441
TI  - Depot-glucagon in the treatment of McArdle's disease.
AB  - Glucagon has been reported to improve exercise tolerance in some patients with
      myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease) but a placebo effect was not
      excluded in previous trials. A single-blind controlled trial of glucagon in a
      patient with myophosphorylase deficiency is described. Although an improved
      exercise endurance of the forearm muscles was demonstrated with both short-acting
      and depot-glucagon, this was not statistically significant when compared with
      placebo or no treatment.

PMID- 3869442
TI  - Essential hypernatremia: disordered thirst and blood pressure control.
AB  - A 24 year old man developed partial central diabetes insipidus with impaired
      thirst and an elevated osmotic threshold to the release of arginine vasopressin
      (AVP). Plasma AVP was present in inappropriately small concentrations despite
      severe hyperosmolality. In addition, marked hypertension accompanied this
      disorder and all abnormalities, including the hypertension, responded to 1
      desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin therapy. Several lines of evidence suggest this
      disorder may be a disturbance of hypothalamic function.

PMID- 3869444
TI  - The relationship of tattooing to hepatitis B virus exposure.

PMID- 3869443
TI  - Post-transfusion purpura.
AB  - We report two cases of purpura characterised by severe immune thrombocytopenia
      which appeared one to two weeks after blood transfusion during elective surgery.
      Both patients had antibodies to the platelet P1A1 antigen and displayed high
      levels of platelet-bindable IgG and IgM in their serum; they were treated with
      glucocorticoids and recovered after four weeks. One case relapsed following a
      further transfusion of packed red cells. Theories of pathogenesis, methods of
      diagnosis, and alternative forms of therapy are reviewed.

PMID- 3869445
TI  - Changes in obstetric practice in our time.
AB  - In the years since 1939 there has been a marked change in the nature and results
      of obstetric practice at the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne. The noteworthy
      changes have been a reduction in the number of maternal deaths (from 12.2 per
      1,000 in the 1940's to 0.2 per 1,000 in the 1980's), especially those due to
      septic abortion, and an increase in the Caesarean section rate (from 2% to 14%).
      The increase in the operative delivery rate has been matched by a decrease in
      mortality in patients thus delivered, the maternal and perinatal mortality rates
      changing from 5.5 and 88.9 per 1,000 to 0 and 7.6 per 1,000 respectively in the
      case of forceps delivery and from 24.7 and 162.5 per 1,000 to 0.15 and 10.6 per
      1,000 respectively in the case of Caesarean delivery.

PMID- 3869446
TI  - Smoking habits of pregnant women in Brisbane, Australia.
AB  - A survey of postpartum women in Brisbane revealed that many gave up smoking just
      before or shortly after becoming pregnant, and that many of the remainder reduced
      their rate of consumption. Husbands who smoked showed no comparable changes in
      behaviour. Thus apparently many couples were aware of the dangers to the fetus of
      active smoking by the woman, but not of the dangers of her passive inhalation of
      smoke. Other significant findings included (i) increasing rates of consumption
      during successive pregnancies, (ii) high degrees of conformity for most habits
      (e.g. use of filters), and (iii) stronger addiction and earlier starting ages
      among heavy smokers than light smokers.

PMID- 3869447
TI  - Aetiological factors in the genesis of pregnancy hydronephrosis.
AB  - In order to identify possible aetiological factors in the genesis of
      physiological hydronephrosis in pregnancy, the degree of pelvic-calyceal
      dilatation in 90 asymptomatic pregnant women was correlated with levels of plasma
      oestradiol, progesterone, 24-hour urinary oestriol, the site of the placenta,
      birthweight of the fetus, and pelvic inlet measurements. A grading system based
      on maximum calyceal diameter was used; 90% of the patients were found to have at
      least mild dilatation on the right side. No correlation was demonstrated between
      the degree of hydronephrosis and the levels of oestradiol, progesterone and 24
      hour urinary oestriol excretion. The birth-weight of the fetus and its
      relationship with the pelvic inlet measurements also did not correlate with the
      occurrence of hydronephrotic changes in the kidneys. The only significant
      positive finding was a higher incidence of moderate and severe hydronephrosis
      occurring in patients with a right-sided placenta than compared with the left (x2
      = 4.77; p less than 0.05), although the sensitivity and specificity in predicting
      hydronephrosis from a right-sided placenta is low (53% and 66% respectively). Our
      results support the hypothesis of a mechanical aetiology in the genesis of
      pregnancy hydronephrosis, where vascular compression on the ureters may be an
      important contributory factor. Our study has also shown that urinary tract
      infection and reduction of creatinine clearance were not more common in patients
      with moderate or severe pelvic-calyceal dilatation.

PMID- 3869448
TI  - Family births at the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne.
AB  - A controlled study comparing clinical aspects of birthing unit confinement with
      orthodox obstetric care in a major obstetric hospital is detailed. The results
      confirm that this centre provides an acceptable and safe alternative for those
      who desire such an environment.

PMID- 3869450
TI  - Genital chlamydial infection--our commonest sexually transmissible disease.

PMID- 3869451
TI  - Marfan syndrome, recurrent preterm labour and grandmultiparity.

PMID- 3869449
TI  - Estimation of fetal weight in utero from symphysis-fundal height and abdominal
      girth measurements.
AB  - The ability to estimate fetal weight accurately from symphysis-fundal height
      (SFH) and abdominal girth (AG) measurements was evaluated. Multivariate
      regression analysis was performed on measurements made on 208 primigravidas
      within 48 hours of delivery. A better correlation with birth-weight was obtained
      with the SFH than with the AG. The equation BW = -1.515 + 0.092 (SFH) + 0.016
      (AG) yielded a coefficient of multiple correlation of 0.7259. Using this
      equation, the mean percentage prediction errors were 5.7% +/- 4.2(SD) in fetuses
      between 2,500 and 3,500 g (n = 156), 9.4% +/- 5.25(SD) in those larger than 3,500
      g (n = 33), and 19.1% +/- 8.2(SD) in those smaller than 2,500 g (n = 19). All the
      generated equations similarly underestimated the fetal weight in the larger
      babies and overestimated in the smaller babies. Inclusion of quadratic and
      logarithmic functions as well as skin-fold thickness measurements into the
      equations did not decrease the error or alter the distribution of errors. It was
      concluded that although fetal weight estimation may be reasonably accurate
      between 2,500 g and 3,500 g, the error is too great for the method to be
      clinically useful in the smaller and larger babies. Moreover, a theoretical basis
      for a high sensitivity in the detection of small for dates fetuses from these
      parameters would be difficult to establish.

PMID- 3869452
TI  - Phaeochromocytoma in pregnancy.

PMID- 3869453
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome presenting to a paediatric service.
AB  - A case of toxic shock syndrome occurring in a 13-year-old and presenting to a
      paediatric service is described. Some implications are discussed including an
      approach to menstrual protection and the question of future contraceptive needs.

PMID- 3869454
TI  - Pelvic adhesiolysis--the assessment of symptom relief by 100 patients.
AB  - This study reports the effectiveness of pelvic adhesiolysis in relieving symptoms
      in patients with gross pelvic adhesions. Based on 100 patients' responses to a
      questionnaire, adhesiolysis was found to be of value in treating infertility,
      chronic pelvic pain and dyspareunia. Its value in relieving dysmenorrhoea was
      less certain while it did not influence menstrual pattern or premenstrual
      tension.

PMID- 3869455
TI  - Angiosarcoma of breast metastatic to the ovary and placenta.
AB  - Angiosarcoma of the breast with spread to the ovary and placenta during a
      pregnancy 6 years after initial diagnosis is described. The ovarian lesion was
      discovered during Caesarean section. It is postulated that the pregnancy altered
      the biological behaviour of the tumor.

PMID- 3869456
TI  - Labial adhesions in postmenopausal women with hip joint disease.
AB  - Two cases of postmenopausal labial adhesions in patients with severe hip joint
      disease are presented. The aetiology of labial adhesions in the postmenopausal
      woman is discussed. Hip joint disease is shown to influence the formation of
      adhesions by interfering with perineal hygiene and decreasing sexual activity.

PMID- 3869457
TI  - [Clinical studies on reimplanted teeth. It will function, but one must act
      quickly].

PMID- 3869458
TI  - [The odontoblasts: a laboratory with an assembly line].

PMID- 3869459
TI  - [Costs in the management of a laboratory. Doing well in our accounts].

PMID- 3869460
TI  - [The apical foramen: attention to the excesses of creativity. When the fantasy
      harms the reality].

PMID- 3869461
TI  - [Definition and classification of the flexibility standard. Memorized information
      in metal elasticity].

PMID- 3869462
TI  - [2 plate for demonstrating how to "conquer" the drill].

PMID- 3869463
TI  - [Bacterial contamination in the dental office. A comparison test].

PMID- 3869464
TI  - [Dysgeusia in dental practice. Tongue problems: these are the causes].

PMID- 3869465
TI  - [How reliable is the time of vibration prescribed for the mixing of amalgam?
      Vibrators to the test].

PMID- 3869466
TI  - [The upper molar is no longer considered an exception. Fine tuning of the 4th
      canal].

PMID- 3869467
TI  - [Evaluation of the presence of mercury vapor in the dental office. Mercury is
      there but it can be eliminated].

PMID- 3869468
TI  - [Treatment using the typodont of a Class I with 4 extractions. Bench testing a
      good orthodontist].

PMID- 3869469
TI  - [Cataloguing of cysts is a difficult venture].

PMID- 3869470
TI  - [An anatomic tracing is an indispensible premise for interpretation of the
      radiographic image. Design for understanding].

PMID- 3869471
TI  - [Comparison of the action of 3 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in the
      control of post-operative pain. Effectiveness of NSAID against pain].

PMID- 3869472
TI  - [Halogen light for photopolymerization. How to select the right lamp].

PMID- 3869473
TI  - [Criteria in the reconstruction of the upper incisor teeth. The model: reality].

PMID- 3869474
TI  - [The science of work: how important, how neglected...].

PMID- 3869475
TI  - [Initial visit restoration and esthetic materials].

PMID- 3869476
TI  - [Amalgam and adhesives beyond daily use].

PMID- 3869477
TI  - [Conservative treatment for children].

PMID- 3869478
TI  - [Pulp protection].

PMID- 3869479
TI  - [Juvenile periodontitis: difficult diagnosis].

PMID- 3869480
TI  - [Lateral condensation or vertical compaction?].

PMID- 3869481
TI  - Urinary excretion of renal prostaglandins, kallikrein, vasopressin and
      aldosterone in essential hypertension.
AB  - To assess the relationship between pressor and depressor factors in essential
      hypertension, the urinary excretion rates of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha,
      kallikrein, vasopressin and aldosterone were compared between 53 untreated
      hypertensive patients and 53 age- and sex-matched normotensive controls. Mean
      basal levels of plasma renin activity and of urinary prostaglandins, vasopressin
      and aldosterone were similar in both groups, but urinary kallikrein was
      significantly lower in the hypertensive patients. A weak relationship was found
      in the hypertensives between diastolic blood pressure, and vasopressin or
      aldosterone, and between vasopressin and prostaglandin E2, and in the
      normotensives between vasopressin and prostaglandin F2 alpha. In conclusion,
      these results do not provide evidence for an important imbalance between pressor
      and depressor factors in essential hypertension, as reflected by the urinary
      excretion of the major humoral factors and hormones involved in the regulation of
      blood pressure.

PMID- 3869482
TI  - [Methodologic aspects of an experimental study of abnormalities as illustrated by
      cleft palate].

PMID- 3869483
TI  - [Direct implantation of autologous nerve fibers in muscle tissue as a possibility
      for reinnervation].

PMID- 3869484
TI  - [Compound odontomas in connection with retention and aplasia of the permanent
      teeth].

PMID- 3869485
TI  - [Treatment of Le Fort I fractures in multiple injury patients].

PMID- 3869486
TI  - [Bone-core drilling. An alternative method for the creation of an implant bed or
      for bone sampling].

PMID- 3869487
TI  - [Joint relapse sensitivity (JRS) rating index for orthognathic surgery
      illustrated by tandem screw fixation following sagittal ramus osteotomy].

PMID- 3869488
TI  - [Oxyphilic adenoma (oncocytoma). Histomorphology and clinical aspects].

PMID- 3869489
TI  - [Statistical results of the treatment of carcinoma of the mouth].

PMID- 3869490
TI  - [The significance of immunologic parameters for preoperative prognostication in
      carcinoma of the mouth].

PMID- 3869491
TI  - [Effect of therapeutic measures in carcinoma of the mouth on the immunologic
      response capacity of those patients].

PMID- 3869493
TI  - [Salivary glands in the elderly].

PMID- 3869492
TI  - [Prognostic relevance of histologic and immunologic parameters as a contribution
      to the data on individualized treatment plans for carcinoma of the mouth].

PMID- 3869494
TI  - [Plants and the art of dentistry].

PMID- 3869495
TI  - [Return to the source].

PMID- 3869496
TI  - [The inhibitory effect of VB 34 90 on the formation of dental plaque in vitro].

PMID- 3869497
TI  - [Personalized intraoral mouthpieces for underwater diving].

PMID- 3869498
TI  - [The epidemiological basis of French gerodontology and its consequences for
      health policy toward the elderly].

PMID- 3869499
TI  - [The treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the cheek].

PMID- 3869500
TI  - [Glossoplasty and palatoplasty].

PMID- 3869501
TI  - [Radiofrequency-controlled thermocoagulation of the facial nerve in the treatment
      of primary facial spasm].

PMID- 3869502
TI  - [The role of condyle position and occlusion in the temporomandibular joint
      dysfunction syndrome].

PMID- 3869503
TI  - [Short- and long-term observation of nerve injury after extraction of mandibular
      impacted wisdom teeth].

PMID- 3869504
TI  - [Orthodontics before and after surgical orthodontics].

PMID- 3869505
TI  - [The Dx-III dental X-ray unit: clinical use and assays on its protective
      function].

PMID- 3869506
TI  - [Application of the shadow moire technic in oral and maxillofacial examination
      and measurement].

PMID- 3869507
TI  - [Malocclusion symptoms in permanent dentition of the cleft children].

PMID- 3869509
TI  - [Effect of fructoglucose syrup on caries].

PMID- 3869508
TI  - [Preliminary study of the relation between trace element zinc and oral mucosal
      diseases].

PMID- 3869510
TI  - [Prevalence of TMJ syndrome in young adults].

PMID- 3869511
TI  - [Nerve transplantation after injury of the inferior alveolar nerve].

PMID- 3869512
TI  - [Survey and analysis of fused teeth in deciduous teeth].

PMID- 3869513
TI  - [A preliminary report on 43 cases of surgical correction of malocclusion and
      maxillo-mandibular deformity].

PMID- 3869514
TI  - [TMJDS: a dynamic study using radiographic videorecording].

PMID- 3869515
TI  - [Orthodontic treatment of crowded dentition: distal traction of the posterior
      teeth].

PMID- 3869516
TI  - [Use of carotid artery angiography in maxillo-facial surgery].

PMID- 3869517
TI  - [Analysis of the 18th year of the fluoridation of the water supply to prevent
      dental caries in Fangcun in Guangzhou].

PMID- 3869518
TI  - [Reconstruction of mandible defects using autogenous free rib with its vessels
      and nerves].

PMID- 3869519
TI  - [Cheilitis granuloma and Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome].

PMID- 3869520
TI  - [Reconstruction of maxillofacial defects and malformations with a carbon and
      titanium alloy].

PMID- 3869521
TI  - [A study of the antibacterial action of chlorhexidine on human carious dentin in
      vivo].

PMID- 3869522
TI  - [An experimental study of sintered porous titanium implanted in mandibles and
      dental sockets].

PMID- 3869523
TI  - [Tumors of the mucous tissue of the jaw].

PMID- 3869524
TI  - [One-stage resifying therapy: report of 149 cases].

PMID- 3869525
TI  - [Facial cleft].

PMID- 3869526
TI  - [Variations of the root of the mandibular second permanent molar and its clinical
      significance].

PMID- 3869527
TI  - [Verrcuous carcinoma of the lower lip: a clinicopathologic study of 66 cases].

PMID- 3869528
TI  - [Cavity floor-pulp relations].

PMID- 3869529
TI  - [Comparative SEM study of various commercial dental amalgam alloys].

PMID- 3869530
TI  - [Reaction of the marginal gingiva to contact with crown or veneering materials in
      subjects with excellent oral hygiene].

PMID- 3869531
TI  - [Oral hygiene practices and dental status of soldiers in the German Federal
      Defense Force before the onset of a preventive program].

PMID- 3869533
TI  - [Position control of bite splints with the aid of an electronic recording
      system].

PMID- 3869532
TI  - [Can lactate dehydrogenase and invertase reduce the cariogenic effect of sucrose
      in the oral cavity?].

PMID- 3869534
TI  - [Etiology of wedge-shaped defects. A function-analytical, epidemiologic and
      experimental study].

PMID- 3869535
TI  - [Comparative studies on various approaches in transcranial oblique-lateral
      composite projections of the temporomandibular joint].

PMID- 3869536
TI  - [Image contrast in various cassette-screen-film combinations].

PMID- 3869537
TI  - [Thermal stress of patients under dental operatory lights].

PMID- 3869538
TI  - [Hereditary type II dentin dysplasia].

PMID- 3869539
TI  - [Anticipated emotional embarrassment caused by incisor injuries].

PMID- 3869540
TI  - [Survey of the occupational diseases and habits of dentists. Part II].

PMID- 3869541
TI  - [Endodontics for children: theory and practice in professional practice].

PMID- 3869542
TI  - [Presence of immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells in periodontal tissue during
      inflammatory processes].

PMID- 3869543
TI  - [Clinical use of Cefroxadine in oral medicine].

PMID- 3869544
TI  - [Gingival recession. I].

PMID- 3869545
TI  - [Dysfunctional pathology of the temporomandibular joint. I: Diagnosis].

PMID- 3869546
TI  - [Gingival recession: philosophy of available surgical procedures. III].

PMID- 3869547
TI  - [Drug therapy in oro-dental surgery: comparative study of drugs in current use.
      II].

PMID- 3869548
TI  - [Psychological approach to the dental patient: identification and causes of
      anxiety. I].

PMID- 3869549
TI  - [Concentration of antibiotics in various jaw tissues: concentration of
      bacampicillin].

PMID- 3869550
TI  - [Dysfunctional pathology of the temporomandibular joint. II: Therapy].

PMID- 3869551
TI  - [Gingival recession: histologic evaluation of new attachment and periosteal
      stimulation. IV].

PMID- 3869552
TI  - [Phosphomycin in tablets that dissolve in the mouth: clinical evaluation in oral
      medicine].

PMID- 3869553
TI  - [Pulp-dentin protection in conservative treatment using intermediate materials].

PMID- 3869554
TI  - [Preparation of a minimal Class II cavity for silver amalgam].

PMID- 3869555
TI  - [Technics for gingival fiber conservation].

PMID- 3869556
TI  - [Sintered tricalcium phosphate: clinical results of various cases and a
      histological study].

PMID- 3869557
TI  - [Psychological approach to the dental patient: psychological intervention. II].

PMID- 3869558
TI  - [A new electronic device for the determination of canal length in endodontic
      therapy].

PMID- 3869559
TI  - [The search for ideal anesthesia: an intra-diploetic technic with the Villette
      injector].

PMID- 3869560
TI  - [The Bimzat skeletal activator in the treatment of Angle Class I, II and III
      malocclusions in the mixed dentition].

PMID- 3869561
TI  - [Gingival recession. Current surgical technics: the double papilla flap. V].

PMID- 3869562
TI  - [A case of follicular odontogenic keratocyst with intra-sinus location: clinical
      considerations].

PMID- 3869563
TI  - [Radiographic artifacts due to errors in angulation].

PMID- 3869564
TI  - Mytonic dystrophy: review of the literature and new radiographic findings.

PMID- 3869565
TI  - Intraoral cervical lymphangiography.

PMID- 3869566
TI  - A comparison between two dental films and two film-screen combinations in
      detecting low contrast defects and initial caries.

PMID- 3869567
TI  - Experimental explanation of maxillary sinus radiopacity as seen by Waters' and
      panoramic projections.

PMID- 3869568
TI  - Radiographic signs of temporomandibular joint diseases: an investigation
      utilizing X-ray computed tomography.

PMID- 3869569
TI  - Radiation exposure to critical structures during transfacial and transcranial TMJ
      radiography.

PMID- 3869570
TI  - [Listening to the dental patient, talking to the dental patient].

PMID- 3869571
TI  - [Let's talk about sedation].

PMID- 3869572
TI  - [A ketamine neuroleptanalgesia technic for ambulatory treatment in dental
      surgery].

PMID- 3869573
TI  - [Child behavior during dental treatment (1)].

PMID- 3869574
TI  - [Anxious and phobic patients treated with conscious sedation technics].

PMID- 3869575
TI  - A correlative study of A B O blood groups, sickle cell haemoglobin and glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency as genetic marker in Mahar community of rural
      population of Wardha District in Maharashtra.

PMID- 3869576
TI  - [Oral health in the Foreign Legion].

PMID- 3869577
TI  - [A new method of programming semiadaptable articulators].

PMID- 3869578
TI  - [Set up].

PMID- 3869579
TI  - [Orthopantomography in orthodontic practice].

PMID- 3869580
TI  - [The mode of action of extraoral force in various maxillofacial relations].

PMID- 3869581
TI  - [Epidemiologic survey of dental caries and periodontal disease in the elementary
      school students in Rovigo].

PMID- 3869582
TI  - [Comparison of the frequency of dental caries in 2 diverse epidemiologic surveys
      of the elementary school students in Rovigo].

PMID- 3869583
TI  - [Diabetes and dental caries: control of saliva and serum IgA levels].

PMID- 3869584
TI  - [Is saliva glucose an index for hyperglycemia?].

PMID- 3869585
TI  - [A clinical double blind study of the usefulness of systemic prophylactic
      antibiotic therapy in minor oral surgery].

PMID- 3869586
TI  - [Antibiotics in oral medicine: pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, mechanism of
      action, resistance, immunity].

PMID- 3869587
TI  - [Prosthetic rehabilitation after surgical-orthodontic treatment in a case of
      cleft lip and palate].

PMID- 3869588
TI  - [Interaction of suprofen with salivary and blood proteins].

PMID- 3869589
TI  - [Esthetic and functional Class I and II restorations in the posterior teeth].

PMID- 3869590
TI  - [Validity of angiography in the study of angiomas of the tongue and cheek].

PMID- 3869591
TI  - [Clinical use of rifampicin in ambulatory dental practice].

PMID- 3869592
TI  - [Covering the exposed root: clinical results in relation to the methods used].

PMID- 3869593
TI  - [Cervical lymphangiomas in newborns and infants].

PMID- 3869594
TI  - [Epidemiologic evaluation of the oral health status of the students in the Public
      Health Local Unit No. 19 in Mediobrenta].

PMID- 3869595
TI  - [Acidogenic activity and growth of Streptococcus mutans and of suspensions of
      dental plaque in the presence of glucose and sucrose].

PMID- 3869597
TI  - [Histogenesis of adenolymphoma].

PMID- 3869596
TI  - [Action of xylitol on the growth and acid production of acidogenic streptococci].

PMID- 3869598
TI  - [Basocellular carcinoma of the face. I (introduction and anatomic pathology)].

PMID- 3869599
TI  - [Attack on enamel by hyaluronidase, lactic acid and bacterial metabolites. SEM
      study].

PMID- 3869600
TI  - [Fluorimetric map of the drinking water in the U.L.S.S. area No. 19 of the
      Mediobrenta].

PMID- 3869601
TI  - [Congenital contractural arachnodactylia].

PMID- 3869603
TI  - [Dentistry and geriatrics: what is the relation?].

PMID- 3869602
TI  - [The role of dietary carbohydrates in the formation of plaque].

PMID- 3869604
TI  - Metabolism of antibiotic resistant mutants of Rhizobium sp. as influenced by
      different temperature regimes.

PMID- 3869605
TI  - Differences and similarities in the neurotrophic growth factor requirements of
      sensory neurons derived from neural crest and neural placode.
AB  - This article reviews recent studies that have examined differences and
      similarities in the neurotrophic growth factor requirements of neural crest- and
      neural placode-derived sensory neurons of the developing chick embryo. From in
      vitro experiments using both explant and dissociated, neuron-enriched cultures of
      spinal and cranial nerve sensory neurons, it has been established that only
      sensory neurons of neural crest origin are responsive, at least in terms of
      survival and neurite outgrowth, to mouse submandibular gland nerve growth factor
      (NGF). Sensory neurons derived from neural placodes (neurons of the ventrolateral
      portion of the trigeminal ganglion and the entire neuronal population of the
      vestibular, geniculate, petrosal and nodose ganglia) are largely unresponsive to
      NGF throughout embryonic development, but do respond to neurotrophic activity
      present in extracts of brain and various peripheral 'end-organs', such as heart
      or liver. By incubation of neuron-enriched cultures with radiolabelled [125I]NGF,
      followed by autoradiographic exposure, it has been demonstrated that placode
      derived neurons, in marked contrast to those of neural crest origin, are
      completely devoid of specific cell surface receptors for NGF. In contrast to
      differences in their requirement and responsiveness to NGF, both placode- and
      crest-derived sensory neurons are responsive to the survival and neurite
      promoting activity of a recently purified brain-derived neurotrophic factor
      (BDNF). It is postulated that all primary sensory neurons have a dual growth
      factor requirement during development; their survival being dependent on a supply
      of both a peripheral and a central 'target'-derived neurotrophic factor. It
      appears that BDNF may act as common 'central target-derived' neurotrophic factor
      for both placode- and crest-derived sensory neurons, but that within peripheral
      tissues there are specific neurotrophic factors for each of these two classes of
      primary sensory neurons.

PMID- 3869606
TI  - [Penetration of Ag (NH3)2F applied to an infected root canal].

PMID- 3869607
TI  - [Development of the new power-spectrum measuring system and its use in masseter
      muscle EMG].

PMID- 3869608
TI  - [Bone remodeling following dental implantation--especially the piezoelectric
      phenomenon].

PMID- 3869609
TI  - [Effect of inlays with overhanging margins on the periodontium].

PMID- 3869610
TI  - [The clinical effectiveness of a desensitizing agent (HY lining cement)].

PMID- 3869611
TI  - [Sonic checking of percussion sounds. 1. Square amplitude as a parameter].

PMID- 3869612
TI  - [Premature contact determined by occlusal sounds].

PMID- 3869613
TI  - [Caries prevention in a school health program. 4. Comparison of DMFT index in 3
      groups of school-children that received topical fluoride agents].

PMID- 3869614
TI  - [Caries prevention in a school health program. 5. Comparison of DMFS index in 3
      groups of school-children that received topical fluoride agents].

PMID- 3869615
TI  - [Use of the bonded bridge in the prosthodontic treatment of a patient with
      congenital partial anodontia].

PMID- 3869616
TI  - [Clinical use of the lyophilized dura to mucosal defects in the oral cavity.
      Dressing methods for osteo-mucosal defects with gauze tamponades].

PMID- 3869617
TI  - [Multiple myeloma. Report of a case and a review of the literature].

PMID- 3869618
TI  - [Benign oral tumors treated with cryosurgery].

PMID- 3869621
TI  - Susceptibility of Candida species isolated from the oral region to aculeacin A.

PMID- 3869619
TI  - [The dynamic changes in catecholamine secretion from adrenal glands during
      hemorrhagic shock].

PMID- 3869620
TI  - [The early development of the temporomandibular joint in the mouse].

PMID- 3869622
TI  - [The use of trypsin for immunohistochemical localization of IgA-producing cells
      in mouse salivary glands].

PMID- 3869623
TI  - [Air-born contamination and aseptic management in the dental operatory (1)].

PMID- 3869624
TI  - [Air-born contamination and aseptic management in the dental operatory (2)].

PMID- 3869625
TI  - [The staining of composite resins. 2. The effect of porosity on the staining].

PMID- 3869626
TI  - [Clinical studies of 20 cases of ameloblastomas].

PMID- 3869627
TI  - [Clinico-statistical studies of patients admitted in our department over a 9 year
      period].

PMID- 3869629
TI  - [Clinical studies of the corrosion of crown restorations].

PMID- 3869630
TI  - [The cutting characteristic of new artificial tooth materials].

PMID- 3869628
TI  - [Clinical study of initial preparation on periodontal treatment. 1. The effect of
      plaque control on gingival inflammation and probing depth].

PMID- 3869631
TI  - [Evaluation of programmed tooth cutting technics. The relation of the wave of RPM
      and the structure of cavity (1)].

PMID- 3869632
TI  - [Masticatory rhythms observed by electromyography analyzed by A.D. converter and
      personal computer. Threshold level and reproducibility].

PMID- 3869633
TI  - [A case report of maxillary 4th molars on both sides].

PMID- 3869634
TI  - An allergic reaction to toothpaste.

PMID- 3869635
TI  - A survey of dentists' working posture.

PMID- 3869636
TI  - [A chromosomal study of 864 cases of female genital abnormalities (Turner's
      syndrome)].

PMID- 3869637
TI  - [Serum thyroid hormones in thyroid and nonthyroid disorders: with special
      emphasis on reverse triiodothyronine measurement].

PMID- 3869638
TI  - [Aspiration cytology of the spleen in hematologic disorders].

PMID- 3869639
TI  - Penetration of cefoperazone into bronchial secretions.

PMID- 3869640
TI  - [Electrophysiologic studies on hemifacial spasm].

PMID- 3869641
TI  - [Intracanal application with triamcinolone-chloramphenicol on postoperative pain
      after immediate root canal filling].

PMID- 3869642
TI  - Unicystic ameloblastoma: a clinicopathological appraisal.

PMID- 3869643
TI  - [Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and myopathy: a case report of lithium and
      haloperidol intoxication].

PMID- 3869644
TI  - Intracranial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations in Taiwan--brief report of
      a joint survey.

PMID- 3869645
TI  - Xanthogranuloma of the fourth ventricle--a case report.

PMID- 3869646
TI  - Acoustic neurinoma with dual blood supply from vertebrobasilar and external
      carotid arteries. Case report.

PMID- 3869647
TI  - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia with complication of central nervous
      system.

PMID- 3869648
TI  - Bacterial profiles of subgingival plaques in periodontitis.
AB  - In this report over 400 subgingival plaque samples taken from over 110 patients
      were examined microscopically and culturally for 30 bacterial parameters. The
      patients could be placed into six disease categories based upon clinical
      criteria. The bacterial profile of each clinical category was generally
      distinctive of that category. Periodontal patients who had been successfully
      treated and maintained had plaques that were populated by significantly higher
      proportions of Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus, A. odontolyticus and
      S. mutans and significantly lower proportions of B. gingivalis and spirochetes
      compared to the five untreated disease categories. The spirochetes were the
      overwhelming microbial type in the plaques of adult periodontitis (AP) patients,
      averaging about 45% of the microscopic count. The bacteriological results could
      not distinguish between ADA Type III and IV periodontitis, suggesting that the
      same type of infection was occurring in an active site in any AP patient. The
      patients designated as early onset periodontitis (EOP) differed from the other
      patients by their relative youth and by their significantly higher proportions of
      Bacteroides gingivalis and/or B. intermedius. Two types of EOP were recognized in
      which the most diseased variant was characterized by having an average of 49%
      spirochetes in the plaque. Four localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) patients
      were notable in not having detectable A. actinomycetemcomitans. The data indicate
      that the various types of periodontitis, with the possible exception of LJP are
      specific anaerobic infections involving spirochetes and to a lesser extent B.
      gingivalis and B. intermedius.

PMID- 3869649
TI  - Generalized juvenile periodontitis, defective neutrophil chemotaxis and
      Bacteroides gingivalis in a 13-year-old female. A case report.
AB  - Host immune responses and the predominant subgingival microflora were evaluated
      in a 13-year-old female exhibiting a severe form of generalized juvenile
      periodontitis. The patient's neutrophils were chemotactically depressed but
      exhibited a normal oxidative capacity. Serum IgG antibody to Bacteroides
      gingivalis and to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype c were elevated.
      Significantly, B. gingivalis constituted 8 to 16% of the cultivable microflora
      and 13 to 20% of the total cell count in subgingival plaque samples obtained from
      five out of five periodontally diseased sites examined. It was not detectable in
      a healthy site. A. actinomycetemcomitans was recovered in small numbers from all
      subgingival plaque samples taken. The present study provides additional evidence
      for an etiologic association between B. gingivalis and generalized juvenile
      periodontitis.

PMID- 3869650
TI  - Reaction of human sera from juvenile periodontitis, rapidly progressive
      periodontitis, and adult periodontitis patients with selected
      periodontopathogens.
AB  - The levels of serum antibody reactive to selected periodontopathogens were
      determined in 182 clinically characterized patients: 35 healthy control, 50
      juvenile periodontitis, 42 adult periodontitis and 55 rapidly progressive
      periodontitis. Reactive antibody levels were determined using an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay with whole cell preparations of Bacteroides gingivalis,
      Capnocytophaga (Bacteroides) ochraceus, Fusobacterium nucleatum and
      Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Y-4) serving as antigens. Increased
      reactivity to B. gingivalis and F. nucleatum was observed in all three disease
      groups studied while antibody reactive to A. actinomycetemcomitans was increased
      in juvenile and rapidly progressive periodontitis. Antibody levels reactive to C.
      ochraceus in healthy subjects did not differ from those observed in any disease
      patient groups. Possible implications in the etiology and progression of the
      diseases coupled with environmental changes which occur in the econiche of the
      periodontal pocket are described.

PMID- 3869651
TI  - Phenothiazine--another possible etiologic agent in erythema multiforme. Report of
      a case.
AB  - A case report is presented which offers evidence that administration of a
      phenothiazine drug resulted in erythema multiforme of the oral cavity in a
      psychotic patient. The condition remissed after discontinuation of the
      medication.

PMID- 3869652
TI  - Elimination of epithelium from healing postsurgical periodontal wounds by ultra
      low temperature. Initial observations.
AB  - Prevention of epithelial migration into healing postsurgical periodontal wounds
      may enhance connective tissue attachment. This study attempted to destroy
      selectively epithelium on gingival flap surfaces by ultra-low temperature.
      Sixteen sites in four young adult cats received subcrestal reverse bevel
      incisions followed by sulcular incisions. Full thickness periodontal flaps were
      reflected, the remaining supracrestal soft tissue surrounding the teeth was
      removed, and exposed root surfaces were curetted. Narrow zones measuring about 4
      mm along the coronal margins of the flaps were exposed to ultra-low temperature
      for 5 seconds using a gas expansion cryoprobe cooled to -81 degrees C and placed
      at the oral gingival aspects of the flaps. Flaps were then repositioned and
      sutured. Control sites were sham-operated with the cryoprobe kept at room
      temperature (25 degrees C). Gingival biopsies were taken at 1 hour and at 2, 4, 8
      and 12 days following surgery. Microscopically, 1-hour postfreezing and control
      specimens appeared similar. At 2 and 4 days, large surface areas of corium were
      denuded of epithelium or were covered by necrotic debris. Mild inflammatory
      responses were noted within the corium. At 8 days, the epithelium almost
      completely covered the corium with some initial formation of crevicular
      epithelium. After 12 days, crevicular epithelium was observed in all tissue
      sections. No significant morphologic damage to the connective tissue was noted at
      any time. We, therefore, concluded that low cryodoses can effectively destroy
      oral gingival epithelium without causing significant morphologic damage to the
      underlying lamina propria at this level of observation.

PMID- 3869653
TI  - Preference for sex of child among primiparous women.
AB  - Primiparous American women (N = 140) were questioned during their third trimester
      concerning their choice of sex of offspring and their willingness to use sex
      preselection techniques (if available). Eighty-two women expressed no preference
      for sex of offspring; of the remaining 58, 33 chose girls and 25 chose boys. Of
      the 26 women who indicated they would have used preselection technology, 13 chose
      boys and 13 chose girls. Fifty-three percent of the sample indicated they would
      not have used preselection techniques; 29% were undecided. These results were at
      variance with earlier studies that indicated a consistent choice of male
      firstborns, especially in nonpregnant samples. The discrepancy is discussed in
      terms of a move from boy preference to no preference and a gradual weakening of
      societal bias against women.

PMID- 3869654
TI  - [The maintenance of muscle tension during the measurement of mean EMG burst
      intervals].

PMID- 3869655
TI  - [Age estimation using the racemization of amino acid in human dentin].

PMID- 3869656
TI  - [Comparison of the effect of antileukemic drugs on cell kinetics].

PMID- 3869657
TI  - [Coagulopathy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after chemotherapy].

PMID- 3869658
TI  - [Recurrent ocular involvement in a boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during
      complete remission].

PMID- 3869659
TI  - [Pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated with chromosomal
      translocation 1;19].

PMID- 3869660
TI  - Physician in a hospital setting.

PMID- 3869661
TI  - [Preliminary review of the use of RBC P-30 in splinting methods].

PMID- 3869662
TI  - [Periodontal surgery in fillings in Class V cavities. 2. Cases with the need for
      repositioning the attached gingiva].

PMID- 3869663
TI  - [Pain during palpation of the masticatory muscles and electromyographic potential
      at rest in a group of dysfunction patients].

PMID- 3869664
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the unattached wall of the periodontal pocket and the
      chemotaxis of granulocytic neutrophils in rapidly progressing periodontitis].

PMID- 3869665
TI  - [Renal osteodystrophy as a cause of periodontal manifestations: clinical and
      histological studies in dogs].

PMID- 3869666
TI  - [Effect of Streptococcus mutans and lactic acid on human enamel protected with a
      sealant or with a fluoridated composite].

PMID- 3869667
TI  - [Digital phonoarthrometry (P.A.M.) of the T.M.J.: a new technic for analysis of
      sounds of intracapsular origin].

PMID- 3869668
TI  - [Orthodontic treatment].

PMID- 3869669
TI  - [Definition of cephalometric points, lines and planes].

PMID- 3869670
TI  - [The lip bumper in orthodontics].

PMID- 3869671
TI  - [Surgical visual treatment objectives (VTO) in the surgery of orofacial
      malformations and its use with programmed kinesiography].

PMID- 3869672
TI  - [Transposition: clinical considerations. I].

PMID- 3869673
TI  - [A mechanical aid for the control of upper 1st molar rotation during
      distalization (Snodo L)].

PMID- 3869674
TI  - [Modelling technics and the use of J hooks in directional force].

PMID- 3869675
TI  - [Temporomandibular dysfunction originating from intracapsular malformations:
      dysplasia of the meniscus].

PMID- 3869676
TI  - [Cephalometric values in a group of school children with normal occlusion in
      Campania].

PMID- 3869678
TI  - [Intracapsular changes in the temporomandibular joint due to malformations:
      mandibular dysplasia].

PMID- 3869677
TI  - [Cephalometric standards. I: Parameters in the vertical plane].

PMID- 3869679
TI  - [Cephalometric standards. 2: Parameters in the antero-posterior plane].

PMID- 3869680
TI  - [Selection and treatment of high caries risk patients].

PMID- 3869681
TI  - [Dental health survey. VII. Visits to the dentist by 15 year-olds: satisfaction,
      anxiety and the dentist's behavior].

PMID- 3869682
TI  - [The development pattern of interproximal relations of the central incisors in
      the lower dental arch].

PMID- 3869683
TI  - [Fibronectin level in children with proliferative diseases of the hematopoietic
      system].

PMID- 3869684
TI  - [A familial case of Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. A case in favor of the uniqueness
      of the syndrome. Association with osteosarcoma].
AB  - A 7 years old girl with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome is described. A detailed study
      of the dermatologic lesions has been performed. The parent's girl are first
      cousins and one of her brothers, also having the Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, died
      from an osteosarcoma of the tibia at the age of 11. This familial observation
      gives support to the uniqueness of the Rothmund-Thomson syndrome with autosomal
      recessive inheritance.

PMID- 3869685
TI  - [Measurement of taste sensitivity, pressure perception, and stress forces on
      replanted and non-extracted teeth].

PMID- 3869686
TI  - [Glass-Cermet-cement (I)].

PMID- 3869687
TI  - [Over-filled root canal].

PMID- 3869688
TI  - [Photographic and radiological analysis of condylar hyperplasia].

PMID- 3869689
TI  - [Interpretation of radiographs].

PMID- 3869690
TI  - [3 methods of legal information recommendations].

PMID- 3869691
TI  - [Sand blasting procedures and its effect on the surface properties of dental
      alloys (II)].

PMID- 3869692
TI  - [Results of a group preventive program in Germany].

PMID- 3869693
TI  - [AIDS--a new occupational risk?].

PMID- 3869694
TI  - [Hepatitis B: risks to the dental team and protective measures].

PMID- 3869695
TI  - [Significance of tooth root resection in tooth conservation].

PMID- 3869697
TI  - [Effect of extracted or ready-for-extraction 6-year molars at the start of
      orthodontic treatment].

PMID- 3869696
TI  - [Glass-Cermetc-cement (II)].

PMID- 3869698
TI  - [Clinical comparison of plaque development and inflammatory processes in the
      marginal gingiva using chlorhexidine, amine/tin fluoride and acetylsalicylic acid
      containing mouthwashes].

PMID- 3869699
TI  - [Interpretation of radiographs].

PMID- 3869700
TI  - [Panoramic radiographs plus dental film: indications in dental prosthetics
      (preliminary report)].

PMID- 3869701
TI  - [Introduction of a new saliva ejector].

PMID- 3869702
TI  - [The String-LR-recorder].

PMID- 3869703
TI  - [Non-precious metal alloys for crowns and bridgework. A situation analysis].

PMID- 3869704
TI  - [Herpes virus diseases in mouth, lip and facial regions].

PMID- 3869705
TI  - [Report on dental assistants' education course in dental education center in
      Stuttgart].

PMID- 3869706
TI  - [Correct position of the patient and work behavior of the team (III)].

PMID- 3869707
TI  - [Personal experiences of a long-time dental assistant].

PMID- 3869708
TI  - [The pros and cons of fluorides].

PMID- 3869709
TI  - [4 years of caries prevention--new study results].

PMID- 3869710
TI  - [First daughter as assistant?].

PMID- 3869711
TI  - [Office hygiene--advice for the whole office team].

PMID- 3869712
TI  - [Co-Pd-Cr dental casting alloys].

PMID- 3869713
TI  - [Software for evaluating the total correction for tetralogy of Fallot].

PMID- 3869714
TI  - [Fluoride-releasing dental polymers. VII. Studies on fluoride releasing, tooth
      coating materials].

PMID- 3869715
TI  - [Synthesis studies on anti-atherosclerotic agents].

PMID- 3869716
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of terpenoid constituents and their
      derivatives of Ganoderma lucidum].

PMID- 3869717
TI  - [Knee joint simulator].

PMID- 3869718
TI  - [Continuous monitoring of blood pH during extracorporeal circulation using a
      servo-control method].

PMID- 3869719
TI  - [Control of Volterra-type nonlinear multi-input-output systems using a nonlinear
      dynamic input observer].

PMID- 3869720
TI  - [System identification using a nonlinear autoregressive moving-average model
      derived from the Volterra series].

PMID- 3869721
TI  - [Evaluation of the biocompatibility of materials using a cell culture method].

PMID- 3869722
TI  - [The thiocyanate method].

PMID- 3869723
TI  - [Equipment for testing the cutting ability of root canal instruments].

PMID- 3869724
TI  - Cotton-wool spots.
AB  - A series of 24 consecutive patients presenting with a fundus picture
      characterized by a predominance of cotton-wool spots, or a single cotton-wool
      spot, is reported. Excluded were patients with known diabetes mellitus. Etiologic
      conditions found included previously undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in five
      patients, systemic hypertension in five patients, cardiac valvular disease in two
      patients, radiation retinopathy in two patients, and severe carotid artery
      obstruction in two patients. Dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus,
      polyarteritis nodosa, leukemia, AIDS, Purtscher's retinopathy, metastatic
      carcinoma, intravenous drug abuse, partial central retinal artery obstruction,
      and giant cell arteritis were each found in one patient. In only one patient did
      a systemic workup fail to reveal an underlying cause. The presence of even one
      cotton-wool spot in an otherwise normal fundus necessitates an investigation to
      ascertain systemic etiologic factors.

PMID- 3869725
TI  - [Effect of glucose on sucrose-induced dental caries in rats].

PMID- 3869726
TI  - [Supernumerary teeth in the maxillary incisor region in children. 1: Clinical
      studies of 842 supernumerary teeth].

PMID- 3869727
TI  - [A case report of a concurrent compound odontoma and a follicular cyst].

PMID- 3869728
TI  - [Dental findings in a case of hemihypertrophy].

PMID- 3869729
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of analgesic effects of Naixan (Naproxen) in pediatric
      dentistry].

PMID- 3869730
TI  - [A case report of a mucocele in a child].

PMID- 3869731
TI  - [Pulp response to an adhesive resin cement in the primary teeth. 1. Panavia EX].

PMID- 3869732
TI  - [Longitudinal studies on in vivo changes of pit and fissure sealants in the
      mouth. 1: Innovation of a method to standardize the 3-dimensional positioning of
      resin replicas].

PMID- 3869733
TI  - [Clinical and histological study of indirect pulp capping on deep carious
      lesions].

PMID- 3869734
TI  - [Dental appliance plaque in children].

PMID- 3869735
TI  - [Physical properties of food and eating functions. 1: An objective method for the
      measurement of the physical properties of foods, and classification of foods].

PMID- 3869736
TI  - [Physical properties of food and eating functions. 2: An electromyographic study
      of foods in relation to their physical properties].

PMID- 3869737
TI  - [Caries-inducing activity of corn syrup in experimental dental caries].

PMID- 3869738
TI  - Pathogeny of the blastic transformations in chronic granulocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3869739
TI  - Prevalence of HTLV-III/LAV antibody in selected populations in Thailand.
AB  - Antibody to the human T-lymphotropic virus, type III/lymphadenopathy-associated
      virus (HTLV-III/LAV) by ELISA test was detected in one (1%) of 101 male
      homosexual prostitutes (confidence limit 95%:0.03-5.4%, in two (2%) of 100
      thalassemia patients, and in none (C.L. 95%:0-3.6%) of 100 female prostitutes, 99
      parenteral drug abusers, 100 male VD patients, 100 consecutive blood donors in
      serum collected from February through June 1985. Serum from the positive
      homosexual subject was strongly positive on repeated ELISA testing, and was also
      positive by Western Blot test. The two thalassemia patients, who were repeatedly
      weakly-positive by ELISA, were negative by Western Blot test and presumed to be
      false positive reactors. Prevalence of HTLV-III/LAV virus in sexually-active
      homosexuals in Thailand in 1985 appears to be similar to the 1% rate among
      homosexuals in San Francisco in 1978 at the start of the AIDS epidemic there.

PMID- 3869740
TI  - A review of treatments and a recommended treatment concept for a fractured
      zygomatic complex.

PMID- 3869741
TI  - Tooth extraction and tooth mutilating practices amongst the Herero-speaking
      peoples of South West Africa (Namibia).

PMID- 3869742
TI  - Tooth mutilating practices amongst the Damara of South West Africa (Namibia).

PMID- 3869743
TI  - [Evaluation of the Rehrmann sliding flap].

PMID- 3869745
TI  - [Experiences with cryotherapy in the orofacial region].

PMID- 3869744
TI  - [The cytotoxicity of various metals with oxide layers in vitro. 1: Effect on the
      proliferation kinetics of monolayer cells].

PMID- 3869746
TI  - [Indications and contraindications in the treatment of crowding with fixed
      appliances and extraction therapy].

PMID- 3869747
TI  - [Group therapy--a new method of treatment of TMJ dysfunction syndrome].

PMID- 3869748
TI  - [Method of metric representation of the relation between the dental lamina and
      the apical base].

PMID- 3869749
TI  - [Application and laboratory technology of non-precious metal alloys. 1: Metal
      science and biologic principles].

PMID- 3869750
TI  - [The HLA system in 1985].

PMID- 3869751
TI  - Dental malpractice. What is it--how to prevent it--how to prepare for it.

PMID- 3869753
TI  - MICRO informational disc.

PMID- 3869752
TI  - Nutrition and oral health.

PMID- 3869754
TI  - Congenital malaria--a recrudescent problem?

PMID- 3869755
TI  - Pneumococcal vaccine and mortality from pneumonia.

PMID- 3869756
TI  - The aetiology of purulent meningitis in highland children: a bacteriological
      study.
AB  - Of 155 highlands children with purulent culture-positive meningitis studied from
      March 1980 to September 1984, 84% were aged twelve months or less and 92% were
      infected with either Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae or both
      organisms. Other pathogens were Neisseria meningitidis (8 isolations),
      Streptococcus pyogenes (2 isolations) and Streptococcus agalactiae and Klebsiella
      species (1 of each). Among H. influenzae isolates, serotype b strains
      predominated (83%) and most (96%) belonged to biotype I or II. Infections due to
      non-b haemophili included serotype a (9 strains), serotype f (1 strain) and non
      serotypable variants (3 strains). Of 67 S. pneumoniae strains 22% were resistant
      to benzylpenicillin, with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 0.1-1.0
      micrograms/ml. The commonest serotypes were types 5 (11 isolates), type 7 (9
      isolates) and types 2, 6 and 46 (6 of each). No resistance to chloramphenicol was
      detected in either H. influenzae or S. pneumoniae and only one of 56 strains of
      H. influenzae was insensitive to betalactam antibiotics. The known case fatality
      rate in this study was 37%. More children with pneumococcal infection died (46%)
      than those with haemophilus infection (30%), though the difference was not
      statistically significant; 79% of all deaths occurred in children aged less than
      twelve months. There is an urgent need for H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae
      vaccines that are effective in young children.

PMID- 3869757
TI  - Maternal health services and maternal mortality in Papua New Guinea.
AB  - Surveys of maternal mortality rates in rural areas of Papua New Guinea over the
      past thirty years report 2-18 deaths per 1000 live births. The national maternal
      mortality register commenced in 1970 and reports rates of 2-7/1000 deaths for
      urban areas and 7-20/1000 deaths for rural areas. However, less than a quarter of
      maternal deaths are believed to be reported to the register: most of the
      unreported deaths are unsupervised confinements. Nevertheless obstetrical causes
      now account for 20% of total admissions to hospital and health centres in Papua
      New Guinea, and are the commonest causes of admission. The great majority of
      obstetrical admissions come from urban and periurban areas. Most rural women
      continue to confine at home where only a small fraction of maternal deaths are
      reported. It is as yet unclear whether modern health services have made any
      impact on rural maternal mortality rates. A plea is made for more complete
      reporting of maternal deaths to the national register of both supervised and
      unsupervised confinements.

PMID- 3869758
TI  - Training appropriate laboratory workers for rural health centres in Papua New
      Guinea.
AB  - Many rural health centres in developing countries continue to treat patients
      without the help of any laboratory tests. The result is often inaccurate
      diagnosis, wasteful use of multiple drugs, and increasing drug resistance of
      pathogens. It is unlikely that there will ever be sufficient funds to employ a
      full-time laboratory worker at each of the many small remote health centres in
      Papua New Guinea. It is also doubtful whether staff and health extension officers
      who run such centres have the appropriate knowledge to adequately utilize full
      time laboratory personnel. It is feasible, however, to train selected health
      workers in courses of three to four months' duration to perform a few simple
      laboratory tests part-time, in addition to their clinical duties. Suitable tests
      are those where the result does not require skilled interpretation. For most such
      tests, the result is the diagnosis. After the clinical staff have received the
      laboratory diagnosis, they are free to decide whether it fits the clinical
      picture. If so, they can then find the appropriate treatment to prescribe in
      standard treatment books. The present paper describes the experience in setting
      up and operating laboratory training for health centre staff in Milne Bay
      Province, Papua New Guinea. Costs and initial results of the program are
      discussed.

PMID- 3869759
TI  - The role of voluntary village aides in the control of malaria by presumptive
      treatment of fever. 1. Selection, training and practice.
AB  - As part of a multi-disciplinary malaria research programme in a rural area of
      Madang Province, the Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research (PNG IMR) in
      1982 established a village-based intervention programme of presumptive treatment
      of fever in 35 villages (population about 5,200). Seventy-four villages aides,
      selected by people from their own village, attended two-week training courses
      conducted by PNG IMR staff, and were trained to dispense three-day courses of
      amodiaquine (for children) or chloroquine (for adults) to anyone presenting with
      fever (presumptive malaria). The majority of village aides, who were voluntary
      workers, were married men and women between the ages of 20 and 35 years, who had
      had up to six years' schooling. In 1983, 5,075 fever cases were treated by
      village aides, which represents a quarter of the number of fever episodes
      estimated to occur each year in this area. Utilization of village-aide services
      was variable, the most important determining factors being the personality and
      standing of the village aide, and the distance (walking time) to the village
      aide's house from the patient's house. The village aides' role was expanded to
      include taking blood slides, dispensing other medicines (aspirin and dressings),
      treatment of diarrhoea by oral rehydration, and registration of vital demographic
      events in the village. Regular supervision, currently undertaken on a two-weekly
      basis by PNG IMR staff, regular refresher courses, and, probably, some sort of
      compensation (not necessarily monetary) are important for the long-term
      continuation of the programme, which may serve as a model for other
      areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3869760
TI  - The role of voluntary village aides in the control of malaria by presumptive
      treatment of fever. 2. Impact on village health.
AB  - A village-based programme of presumptive treatment of fever, using voluntary
      village aides to dispense oral chloroquine or amodiaquine, was established in
      1982 by the Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research (PNG IMR) in 35 rural
      villages or hamlets near Madang, on the north coast of PNG. In the course of the
      following two years, village aides became an established health resource in many
      of those villages, although in others they were poorly utilized. In attempting to
      evaluate the impact of the programme on village health, a number of parameters
      were investigated. These included malaria-related mortality and morbidity, and
      the prevalence of parasitaemia and splenic enlargement in children in the study
      area. Deaths attributable to malaria, which accounted for 11% of deaths in the
      under-10 year age-group, and cerebral malaria cases were too few to be useful as
      parameters to evaluate the programme. No reduction in spleen or parasite rates
      occurred in children as a result of the village aide programme. In two villages,
      there was an unexplained increase in spleen rate following the introduction of a
      village aide. A study of malaria-related morbidity, by investigation of all fever
      cases occurring in a two-week recall period, was conducted in mid-1984. House-to
      house interviews were carried out in 19 villages: 9 control villages, where there
      was no village aide, 6 where the village aide was well utilized, and 4 where the
      village aide was poorly utilized. The study showed that village aides had a
      measurable impact on morbidity due to fever in villages where they were well
      utilized, primarily by reducing the duration of fever through early treatment.
      The results also suggested that children benefitted even in the villages where
      the overall utilization of village aides was low. It is felt that such a
      programme would have had an even greater impact in areas where access to existing
      health services is more difficult than in the study area.

PMID- 3869761
TI  - Prostatic disease in rural Melanesians.
AB  - Benign prostatic hypertrophy is the most common prostatic pathology seen in rural
      Melanesians. Patients almost always present with urinary retention. Fifteen
      prostatectomies performed at Alotau Hospital are reviewed. Surgical techniques
      and associated problems are discussed.

PMID- 3869762
TI  - Glucose tolerance in Papua New Guinea: past and future studies.
AB  - The ethnic and geographic diversity to be found in Papua New Guinea provide
      unique opportunities for the study of the epidemiology of glucose intolerance and
      diabetes. Whereas coastal populations have been influenced by successive waves of
      migrants of Austronesian origin, the Papua New Guinea highlanders were not
      influenced genetically by these people, and now represent one of the few non
      Austronesian populations in the Pacific. Early studies in Papua New Guinea
      suggested that diabetes was not uncommon in coastal communities. Austronesian
      populations in other regions of the Pacific are also susceptible to glucose
      intolerance. Of particular interest, however, were the results of a diabetes
      survey conducted in a highland population in 1983. No diabetic subjects were
      discovered among over 300 examined. Further studies have now been planned, which
      aim to determine whether the apparent resistance of Papua New Guinea highlanders
      to glucose intolerance is genetically determined, or whether modernization of
      lifestyle will lead to the emergence of diabetes as a health problem in this
      region, as it already is in other areas of the Pacific. The future studies have
      been carefully designed, so as to define the relative importance of genetic and
      environmental components in the variability of glucose tolerance.

PMID- 3869763
TI  - Brainwashing in tuberculosis management.
AB  - Staff at Raihu Health Centre have made the current tuberculosis (TB) programme
      work for the majority of patients. A variety of health education techniques have
      been developed. Follow-up has been strengthened in several ways. Initiative and
      enthusiasm must come from officers-in-charge of health centres to make TB control
      programmes work. Effective health education, efficient field follow-up and an
      operational Aid Post set-up are vital for the successful control of tuberculosis,
      whatever drugs or regimes are in use.

PMID- 3869764
TI  - Adequacy of energy and protein intake amongst adult Wopkaimin in the Ok Tedi
      region.
AB  - Weighed dietary intakes were carried out on 50 non-pregnant women and unemployed
      men in three villages in the Ok Tedi region. Mean energy intakes were lowest in
      Wangbin, the village closest to the Ok Tedi mining operation, and highest in the
      most remote village, Atemkit. Mean protein intakes were highest in Bultem II and
      somewhat lower in Wangbin and Atemkit. Though very few individuals achieved the
      WHO/FAO recommended daily allowances for energy, a majority achieved it for
      protein. As a result of increased consumption of tradestore foods, the quality of
      the diet of Wopkaimin people directly involved in mining operations has improved.
      However, social stresses induced by these operations have resulted in uneven
      distribution of this new wealth, and there are cases of genuine food shortages in
      the midst of plenty.

PMID- 3869765
TI  - Oral rehydration therapy.

PMID- 3869766
TI  - [Conditions, procedures, results in tooth transplantation].

PMID- 3869767
TI  - [Laser surgery in the oro-maxillofacial region].

PMID- 3869768
TI  - [Protection of dentist and his personnel from hepatitis B and AIDS].

PMID- 3869769
TI  - [The Danes show it again: fluorides are effective dental health aides].

PMID- 3869770
TI  - [Every dentist should have a stethoscope and a blood pressure measuring device].

PMID- 3869771
TI  - [Correlation between the incidence of recurrences and selected clinical and
      hematological parameters and morphological classification by the F.A.B. criteria
      of lymphoblastic leukemia in children].

PMID- 3869772
TI  - [Modification of the clonal growth of stem cells of myeloblastic leukemia under
      various conditions of stimulation in in vivo culture].

PMID- 3869773
TI  - [Clinical picture of myelocytic leukemia in children, drug sensitivity tests and
      DNA histograms].

PMID- 3869774
TI  - [Potential antileukemic agents, synthesis of derivatives of indirubin, indigo,
      and isoindigotin].

PMID- 3869775
TI  - The renal prostaglandin kallikrein-kinin-system in Brattleboro rats with
      hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus.
AB  - The results of estimation of renal prostaglandin (PG) excretion showed a
      significantly decreased excretion of PGE2 by 71% and that of PGF2 alpha--by 28%
      in rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus (DI), compared to the control Long
      Evans (LE) rats. The results suggested an inhibition of renal PG synthesis in DI
      rats due to the absence of stimulatory effect of ADN in DI rats lacking ADH. An
      inverse correlation between plasma renin activity and renal PG excretion was
      found (r = --0.36). The renal kallikrein excretion of DI rats was not
      significantly different compared to that of LE rats. An attempt for explanation
      of these results was made.

PMID- 3869776
TI  - [Epidemiological indicators of oral health].

PMID- 3869778
TI  - [X-ray studies of the molar pulp cavity].

PMID- 3869777
TI  - [The effect of certain microelements on the prevalence of caries].

PMID- 3869779
TI  - [Electron microscopy study of the accessory foramina in the apical region of
      human tooth roots].

PMID- 3869780
TI  - [The effect of the arm position on the dentist's hand motions in the sitting
      position].

PMID- 3869781
TI  - [Interaction of drugs of clinical importance to dental practice].

PMID- 3869782
TI  - [Reconstruction of oral mucosa defects using the island flap with a submucous
      pedicle].

PMID- 3869783
TI  - Plasma glutathione peroxidase and tissue selenium response to selenium
      supplementation in swine.

PMID- 3869784
TI  - [Morphological study on the development of cheek tooth germs in the Suncus
      murinus fetus (Soricidae, Insectivora)].

PMID- 3869785
TI  - [Fluoride distribution in the enamel of rat incisors].

PMID- 3869786
TI  - Changes in collagen content and collagen types during repair of mandibular
      defects.

PMID- 3869787
TI  - [A clinical study on "soft laser 632", a He-Ne low energy medical laser. 1: Pain
      relief immediately after irradiation].

PMID- 3869788
TI  - [Relation of the rectangle-index and caries appearing in the upper first molars
      of schoolchildren].

PMID- 3869789
TI  - [A case of advanced marginal periodontitis treated with the Edlan-Mejchar
      technic, a periosteal fenestration technic and a free gingival graft].

PMID- 3869790
TI  - [Importance of radiography in endodontics].

PMID- 3869791
TI  - [Clinical study of acquired white lesions of the oral mucosa and their relation
      to cancer--(IV). Discoid lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 3869792
TI  - [Use of medical information in occlusal analysis and TMJ dysfunction syndrome].

PMID- 3869793
TI  - The applicant pool and the future of dentistry.

PMID- 3869794
TI  - Responding to change. Can dental education keep pace with the profession.
      Interview by Mark Pearce.

PMID- 3869795
TI  - Concepts vs. content. What's wrong with the cognitive emphasis of dental
      instruction.

PMID- 3869797
TI  - What you need to know about computers.

PMID- 3869796
TI  - The periodontal curriculum. Does it meeting the needs of dentists and their
      patients?

PMID- 3869798
TI  - Where have all the students gone?

PMID- 3869799
TI  - Factoring the dental education equation.

PMID- 3869800
TI  - Clinical review of aclacinomycin A in Japan.
AB  - Single agent activity of aclacinomycin A or aclarubicin (ACR) for acute leukaemia
      in adults was as follows: complete remission was achieved in 8 of 21 (38%) with
      untreated patients and 7 of 41 (17%) with prior chemotherapy; thus the overall
      complete remission rate was 24%. The optimal dose schedule was 14 mg/m2/d daily
      i.v. administration, and a median total dose of 200 mg/m2 and 16 days were
      necessary for induction of complete remission. In combination, with behenoyl ara
      C, ACR, 6-mercaptopurine and prednisolone, complete remission was achieved in 40
      of 60 (67%) previously untreated patients, and 41 of 65 (63%) with prior
      chemotherapy; thus the overall rate was 65%. In a phase II study of ACR for solid
      tumours, response was achieved in carcinoma of oesophagus (1/3), stomach (12/84,
      14%), gall bladder (1/4), pancreas (1/8), lung (4/30, 13%), breast (6/33, 18%),
      uterus (1/4), ovary (3/9, 33%), head and neck (1/5) and sarcoma (1/5). Side
      effects of ACR most frequently observed were nausea and vomiting (around 30%) and
      a moderate grade marrow suppression was noted. An ECG change was observed in 7%,
      but there were no cases of chronic heart failure.

PMID- 3869801
TI  - Methicillin- and gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: susceptibility to
      fosfomycin, cefamandole, N-formimidoyl-thienamycin, clindamycin, fusidic acid and
      vancomycin.
AB  - The in vitro activity of fosfomycin against 90 strains of methicillin- and
      gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was studied in an in vitro microtitre
      system using Mueller-Hinton broth supplemented with glucose-6-phosphate. In
      parallel the antistaphylococcal activity of cefamandole, N-formimidoyl
      thienamycin, clindamycin, fusidic acid and vancomycin was determined with the
      same organisms. The following MIC50 (MIC95) values were obtained: fosfomycin 8
      (128) mg/l, cefamandole 8 (greater than 64) mg/l, clindamycin 0.25 (16) mg/l,
      fusidic acid less than 0.25 (less than 0.25) mg/l, vancomycin 1 (2) mg/l and N
      formimidoyl-thienamycin 4 (16) mg/l. A high MIC/MBC ratio was noted for
      cefamandole, in contrast to fosfomycin.

PMID- 3869802
TI  - In vitro antibacterial activity of imipenem against Pseudomonas and
      Staphylococcus species. Comparison with thirteen other antimicrobial agents.
AB  - The in vitro antimicrobial activity of imipenem against recent clinical isolates
      of Pseudomonas spp. (94 strains) and penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (50
      Staph. aureus and 50 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus) was assessed using the
      Mueller-Hinton agar dilution method. Results were compared with those
      simultaneously obtained for amikacin, netilmicin, tobramycin, norfloxacin,
      piperacillin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and azthreonam against Pseudomonas spp.,
      and for rifampicin, clindamycin, netilmicin and cefoxitin, besides penicillin and
      methacillin, against Staphylococcus spp. About 50 and 90% of 84 Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa isolates were inhibited by concentrations of imipenem equal to or less
      than 2 and 8 mg/l respectively. The in vitro activity of imipenem was comparable
      to that of ceftazidime and norfloxacin, but superior to that of the
      aminoglycosides and all the other antibiotics tested, in terms of potency by
      weight. Among other Pseudomonas spp. only P. malthophilia (2 strains) proved
      resistant to imipenem. Rifampicin was the most active antibiotic by weight
      against Staph. aureus but imipenem was more active than clindamycin and,
      especially, netilmicin and cefoxitin. Imipenem was highly active also against
      coagulase-negative staphylococci, with some differences related to the high
      incidence of methicillin-resistant strains. MICs of imipenem in Mueller-Hinton
      broth correlated with those obtained in agar, unlike the aminoglycosides. There
      were no significant inoculum effects on MICs of imipenem and MBCs were within one
      twofold dilution of MICs in over 75% of assays.

PMID- 3869803
TI  - Studies on the effects of anthracyclines on mitochondrial respiration in vitro.
AB  - Aclacinomycin, 4'-epi-doxorubicin and 4'-epi-tetrahydropyranyl-adriamycin, three
      novel anthraquinone derivatives under investigation for their antitumour
      activity, showed an inhibitory effect on the in vitro respiration of mitochondria
      from rat hearts. The inhibition proved to be concentration-dependent in the range
      0.05 to 1.40 mM and both the NADH-oxidase and the succinate oxidase systems were
      affected to different extents. Among the compounds tested, 4'-epi
      tetrahydropyranyl-adriamycin appeared to be the least powerful effector,
      requiring a significantly higher concentration for 50% inhibition of oxidation
      than doxorubicin and the other analogues examined.

PMID- 3869804
TI  - Pefloxacin: evolution of in vitro activity during 18 months of use in an
      intensive care unit.
AB  - The MIC of pefloxacin against all the strains (3122) isolated in an intensive
      care unit during 18 months was studied. The MIC of pefloxacin was estimated by
      standard agar diffusion method in Mueller-Hinton agar. All the strains with a MIC
      lower than 2 mg/l were considered as sensitive, between 2 and 4 mg/l as
      "intermediary" and over 4 mg/l as resistant. Geometrical means of MICs were
      calculated for each month and for different species. The study continued for 18
      months from the introduction of the drug which was in widespread and constant use
      as a first-choice antibiotic. No significant increase was detected in the
      incidence of resistant strains during the study; on the other hand, small,
      limited clusters of resistant strains were observed during minor nosocomial
      epidemics. The general features of quinolone activity, the spectrum of this new
      quinolone and the slow evolution of the bacterial population are discussed.

PMID- 3869805
TI  - Cefmetazole: clinical evaluation of efficacy and safety in Japan.
AB  - During the period February 1980-March 1982, clinical evaluation was carried out
      on 23,855 cases given cefmetazole (CMZ) in 3,916 medical treatment centres in
      Japan. The drug was found to have superior efficacy and to be of value for all
      age groups, ranging from infants and small children to the elderly, in infections
      due to Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative bacilli and anaerobic bacteria
      sensitive to this drug. Experiments were also conducted to elucidate the
      mechanism of development of the disulfiram-like reaction found in cephems with a
      methyltetrazolylthiomethyl group at the 3 position, i.e., cefmetozole (CMZ),
      cefoperazone (CPZ) and latamoxef (LMOX). These experiments provided clear
      evidence that the reaction is due to a rise in the blood concentration of
      acetaldehyde, as a result of inhibition of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity
      caused by these cephems. The extent of increase in the blood concentration of AcH
      is proportional to the urinary excretion rate of mercaptomethyltetrazole (Me-TZ),
      being in the order CPZ greater than LMOX greater than CMZ. This order is believed
      to be due to the extent of distribution in bile by various antibiotics and to
      their stability in the tissue fluids.

PMID- 3869806
TI  - Molecular level studies with anthracyclines.
AB  - There is steadily growing interest in the characterization of chemotherapeutic
      agents at the molecular level. Such characterization ideally involves the
      elucidation of structural properties such as configuration, conformation and
      tautomeric or mesomeric form, establishes the effect of chemical substitution on
      structural properties and provides insight into probable intermolecular
      interactions that are environmentally dependent. The interpretation of these data
      can be important for the design of new chemotherapeutic agents. The authors are
      presently investigating the anthracyclines, particularly members of the
      daunomycin and nogalamycin families, in an effort to better understand their
      behaviour at the molecular level. These studies have drawn upon analysis of
      single crystal structures determined with X-ray diffraction data and solution
      studies employing ultraviolet and circular dichroism spectroscopies. Crystal
      structures have been determined for 7-con-O-methylnogarol, 7-deoxynogarol, 9
      deacetyldaunomycin, adriamycin-14-valerate (AD-48), and N
      trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate (AD-32). Solution studies have concentrated
      on the study of the interaction of selected anthracyclines with oligonucleotides
      of known sequence. The oligonucleotides used were: d-(5GTCATGAC), d-(5GTCGCGAC)
      and the non-self complementary pair d-(5GTCGTCA) and d-(5TGACGAC).

PMID- 3869807
TI  - Epirubicin plasma and blood pharmacokinetics after single i.v. bolus in advanced
      cancer patients.
AB  - Plasma and whole blood pharmacokinetics of epirubicin (4'-epidoxorubicin, epiDX),
      a new doxorubicin (DX) analogue with an improved spectrum of activity and lower
      toxicity, were investigated in advanced cancer patients after i.v. bolus
      administration. Drug decay is triphasic, with a long terminal half-life. Plasma
      and blood levels of the C-13 reduced epiDX metabolite, epirubicinol (epiDXol),
      are lower than those of the parent compound. Glucuronides of epiDX and epiDXol
      are also present in plasma, bile and urine; similar compounds are not described
      in the literature among the metabolites of DX. EpiDX plasma clearance is
      consistently higher and mean residence time lower than the corresponding DX
      parameters, thus indicating a more efficient disposition of the new drug. This
      behaviour is also reflected in a faster elimination of epiDXol with respect to
      the corresponding Dx metabolite, doxorubicinol. After an initial induction
      period, epiDX concentration is higher in whole blood than in plasma. Blood
      clearance is lower than plasma clearance; volume of distribution at steady state
      Vss is lower if blood concentration data are used in the pharmacokinetic
      analysis. Mean Residence Time is similar in plasma and blood. A statistically
      significant reduction of clearance parameters is observed in patients with liver
      metastases, even in the absence of altered bilirubin levels. Drug clearance
      problems induced by renal dysfunction become relevant only in severe renal
      failure.

PMID- 3869808
TI  - Isoenzymes in plasma of acute leukaemia patients: prevention of anthracycline
      cardiomyopathy.
AB  - During the diagnosis and subsequent monitoring of patients with acute leukaemia,
      and of those with terminal blastic crisis in chronic myelogenous leukaemia, the
      activity of total LDH, ALAT, AP, ASAT as well as the isoenzymes LDH-H, LDH-M were
      measured in the plasma. Enzyme and isoenzyme activity of LDH, which differed in
      quantity at the various times of measurement, reflected the varying proliferation
      rate, depending upon the individual and upon the time of measurement and,
      consequently, the tumour cell mass.

PMID- 3869809
TI  - Effect of hypobaric hypoxia on spermatogenesis, Leydig cells and delta 5-3 beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in toad.
AB  - The effect of different grades of hypobaric hypoxia for 48 hours was studied on
      spermatogenesis, Leydig cells and delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
      activity in toad (Bufo melanostictus). Maximum inhibition of testicular activity
      was noted in 7,315 m exposed animals. The impairment of testicular function at
      high altitude is possibly due to inhibition of gonadotrophin secretion.

PMID- 3869810
TI  - Comparative studies on the infestation of three different breeds of dogs by
      gastro-intestinal helminths.
AB  - The findings of an investigation mounted to evaluate and compare the prevalence
      of parasitic gastro-intestinal helminth ova in three different breeds of dogs in
      Calabar, Nigeria are presented. Results of the investigation indicate that in
      Alsatians, 25% infestation with Strongyloides stercoralis, 25% Toxocara canis,
      65% Ancylostoma caninum were found, in crossbreed between Alsatian and Mongrel,
      15.56% infestation with Strongyloides stercoralis, 10.93% Toxascaris leonina, 25%
      Toxocara canis, 68.75% Ancylostoma caninum, 1.66% Dipylidium caninum were
      recorded while 15.88% infestation with Strongyloides stercoralis, 7.64% Toxocara
      leonina, 25.86% Toxocara canis, 77.64% Ancylostoma caninum, 2.25% Dipylidium
      caninum, 0.58% Trichuris vulpis, 1.17% Echinococcus granulosus, 0.58% Taenia
      ovis, 1.17% Taenia hydatigena and 21% coccidia oocyst were observed in Mongrel
      dogs. Possible factors responsible for this variation in degree of infestation
      are suggested and strategic prophylactic anthelmintic medication during early wet
      season or late dry season is recommended.

PMID- 3869811
TI  - Case of the month. Pyogenic granuloma of the tongue.

PMID- 3869812
TI  - Interpret your X-rays. Chronic osteomyelitis.

PMID- 3869813
TI  - Laminated veneering of hypoplastic anteriors. An indigenous approach.

PMID- 3869814
TI  - Role of panoramic radiography in detection of retained root pieces etc. in
      edentulous patients.

PMID- 3869815
TI  - Anaerobic infections in oral and maxillofacial surgery (report of 7 cases).

PMID- 3869816
TI  - Calcifying odontogenic cyst in an edentulous patient.

PMID- 3869817
TI  - A comparative study of the desensitizing effects of dentifrices containing sodium
      monofluorophosphate and formalin.

PMID- 3869818
TI  - Association of leukoplakia with ABO blood groups in southern Orissa.

PMID- 3869819
TI  - Hypotensive mechanism of potassium supplementation in salt-loaded patients with
      essential hypertension.
AB  - To investigate the hypotensive mechanism of potassium supplementation, blood
      pressure responses and hormonal changes were measured during KCl supplementation
      in salt-loaded patients with essential hypertension. Ten patients with essential
      hypertension were placed on low sodium intake, high sodium intake, and high
      sodium intake with KCl supplementation. Blood pressure increased during NaCl
      loading and decreased during KCl supplementation. The levels of urinary sodium
      and fractional sodium excretion increased after KCl supplementation. Reduction in
      blood pressure after KCl supplementation was correlated with an increase in blood
      pressure after NaCl supplementation, i.e., potassium sensitivity and sodium
      sensitivity were correlated. Plasma PGE2 and norepinephrine increased after KCl
      loading. Increases in plasma PGE2 were correlated with a reduction of blood
      pressure by KCl. These results indicate that natriuresis and hypotensive action
      of KCl are associated with increased PGE2 production, and the sympathetic nerve
      activity suggests a compensatory increase for the decrease in blood pressure.

PMID- 3869820
TI  - [Root canal morphology of the permanent maxillary 1st molar].

PMID- 3869821
TI  - [Keratinizing and calcifying odontogenic cysts--report of 4 cases].

PMID- 3869822
TI  - Supernumerary mandibular paramolars--report of a case.

PMID- 3869823
TI  - [Chlorhexidine: an adjunctive chemotherapeutic agent in periodontal disease].

PMID- 3869824
TI  - [A statistical analysis of cysts in the oral and maxillofacial region].

PMID- 3869825
TI  - [The effect of denture cleansers and cleansing methods on the microflora of
      denture plaque].

PMID- 3869826
TI  - [Components of Class III malocclusion in the Chinese].

PMID- 3869827
TI  - [Masticatory and swallowing frequencies during 3 meals].

PMID- 3869828
TI  - A modified approach to the mucogingival surgery: apically replaced split
      thickness flap, vestibular extension with protected linear periosteal
      fenestration--case report.

PMID- 3869829
TI  - [Serum immunoglobulins and complement components in patients with periodontal
      disease].

PMID- 3869830
TI  - [Urinary mercury levels in dental professionals in Kaohsiung City].

PMID- 3869831
TI  - Odontogenic myxoma of the mandible treated by a modified surgical approach-
      report of a case.

PMID- 3869832
TI  - [The effect of various finishing technics on the surface texture of porcelain].

PMID- 3869833
TI  - A study of the facial configuration of Chinese.

PMID- 3869834
TI  - Periapical actinomycosis.

PMID- 3869835
TI  - Congenital complex odontoma--report of a case.

PMID- 3869836
TI  - [Internal root resorption--report of 3 cases].

PMID- 3869837
TI  - [Modified instruments for the retrograde filling of root canals].

PMID- 3869838
TI  - Interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 2: a case report and review
      of the literature.

PMID- 3869839
TI  - Potentiation of histamine-induced microvascular permeability by prostaglandin E2
      in rat mesentery.
AB  - The effect of prostaglandin E2 and histamine and their interaction on
      microvascular permeability in the rat mesentery was examined using fluorescent in
      vivo microscopy. Leak of a fluorescein-albumin conjugate from microvessels was
      determined 3 min after the topical application of prostaglandin E2 and/or
      histamine. The size of the leak (micron 2) was quantitated using a grid over the
      face of the videomonitor. To determine the role of endogenous prostaglandin, some
      rats were pretreated with 10 mg kg-1 indomethacin intravenously. All studies were
      performed coded. Dose-response studies performed with either prostaglandin E2 or
      histamine alone revealed that each agent increased microvascular permeability in
      a dose-related fashion. On a molar basis, prostaglandin E2 was more potent than
      histamine in this regard. When a low dose of prostaglandin E2 was administered
      together with a low or intermediate dose of histamine, the size of the resulting
      leak was significantly greater than the sum of the size of leak produced by each
      agent given separately. When rats were pretreated with 10 mg kg-1 indomethacin
      intravenously to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, the histamine dose response was
      shifted to the right. From these experiments, we conclude that: In the rat
      mesentery, both topical prostaglandin E2 and histamine increase microvascular
      permeability to macromolecules in a dose-related fashion. Prostaglandin E2 is
      significantly more potent than histamine in this regard. Both exogenous and
      endogenous prostaglandin potentiate histamine's effect on microvascular
      permeability.

PMID- 3869840
TI  - [Prostaglandins in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 3869841
TI  - [Prevention in the larger sense of orofacial cancer in Africa].

PMID- 3869842
TI  - Spontaneous repair following root fracture.

PMID- 3869843
TI  - Tooth-tissue loss from abrasion, attrition and erosion in Nigerians.

PMID- 3869844
TI  - Varicella in immunodepressed children.
AB  - Although dramatic improvements in the treatment of childhood malignancies have
      occurred during the last 20 years, infections occurring while they are on
      immunosuppressive chemotherapy now pose increasing problems for these patients.
      The literature on the subject and two personal illustrative fatal cases of
      varicella-zoster infections are reviewed pointing out the need for better
      prophylactic and antiviral therapy in this susceptible patient population.

PMID- 3869845
TI  - [Esthetic and phonic duplication of an existing removable denture].

PMID- 3869846
TI  - [Glycogenosis. Clinical and laboratory findings in 22 patients].

PMID- 3869847
TI  - [Oral leukoplakia: clinico-histopathological correlation in its diagnosis].

PMID- 3869848
TI  - [Epidemiology of oral leukoplasia in tobacco industry workers in Havana].

PMID- 3869849
TI  - [Primary dental care in Cuba].

PMID- 3869850
TI  - [Dentistry. Achievements 25 years after the Revolution. Matanzas Province,
      Republic of Cuba].

PMID- 3869851
TI  - [Preventive methods in dentistry. Results. Matanzas Province, Republic of Cuba].

PMID- 3869852
TI  - [Efficiency of gingivo-dental brushing in a group of 4th year dental students].

PMID- 3869853
TI  - [Differential radiographic signs of fibrous dysplasia, ameloblastoma and
      osteogenic sarcoma of the maxillofacial bones].

PMID- 3869854
TI  - [Level of edentulousness in patients 18, 35-44 and 65 years of age and over with
      clinical histories in the Van Troi health district].

PMID- 3869855
TI  - ["Nomina Anatomica" applied to dentistry].

PMID- 3869856
TI  - [Experimental study of the acid production of lactobacillus found in the saliva].

PMID- 3869857
TI  - [Determination of the pulp anatomy of the deciduous teeth: general or specific
      physiological development phenomena?].

PMID- 3869858
TI  - [Viral hepatitis B and dentistry].

PMID- 3869859
TI  - [Accelerated periods of facial growth].

PMID- 3869860
TI  - [Early edgewise and interceptive treatment in Angle Class II division 1 in the
      mixed dentition].

PMID- 3869861
TI  - [A plea advocating tonsillectomy: the orthodontic viewpoint].

PMID- 3869862
TI  - [Dental maturation: construction of tables].

PMID- 3869863
TI  - [Comparison of the torsion rigidity of wires currently used in orthodontics].

PMID- 3869864
TI  - [The McNamara line: significance and reliability].

PMID- 3869866
TI  - [Orthodontics, computers, organization].

PMID- 3869865
TI  - [Critical study of the cephalometric evaluation of Angle Class II using the
      McNamara line].

PMID- 3869867
TI  - [A case of complex periodontitis].

PMID- 3869868
TI  - [How to avoid canine rotation after germectomy of the 1st premolars].

PMID- 3869869
TI  - [Experimental induction of periodontal disease in hamsters using Actinomyces
      viscosus isolated from humans and a diet enriched with brown sugar].

PMID- 3869870
TI  - [Treatment of malocclusion in the mixed dentition].

PMID- 3869871
TI  - [The importance of HLA antigens in alcoholic cirrhosis].
AB  - The existence of a relationship between HLA and the possibility of the
      development of an alcoholic cirrhosis is researched in this paper. This work was
      done from 1982 to 1984, by the staff of four clinics of the Medicine School of
      the University of Uruguay. We studied 47 alcoholics with portal cirrhosis, 19 non
      cirrhotic alcoholics and 250 healthy nonalcoholic controls. We confirmed with
      liver biopsy the cirrhosis in the first group and in the second, liver biopsy was
      performed in order to assure that they had no cirrhosis. Table I shows the
      histocompatibility antigens which were tested in the 3 groups. Levels of
      significance were obtained from exact Fisher test with Yates correction for
      discontinuity; Pc (corrected P) and RR (relative risk) were also determined. In
      the alcoholics with portal cirrhosis, the HLABW40 showed a Pc less than 0,005 (RR
      = 3,93). In the non-cirrhotic alcoholics no significative association was found.
      We conclude that the carrier of the genetic marker HLABW40, has almost 4 times
      more chances to develop a cirrhosis as consequence of chronic alcoholic abuse.
      The presence of this marker, in our patients, has no association with the
      possibility that an individual becomes an alcoholic abuser. We think that if this
      data are confirmed in a wider study, some guidelines for the prevention of
      alcoholic cirrhosis may be established.

PMID- 3869872
TI  - [A study of HLA in Japanese patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3869873
TI  - [Recurrence, multiple occurrence and potential carcinogenicity of keratocysts].

PMID- 3869875
TI  - Homocystinuria. Clinical, biochemical and genetic aspects of cystathionine beta
      synthase and its deficiency in man.

PMID- 3869874
TI  - [Juxtacortical (periosteal) osteosarcoma. Review of the literature. Presentation
      of a case in the lower jaw].

PMID- 3869876
TI  - Abstracts of the XXI Nordic Paediatric Congress. Oulu, Finland, June 12-15, 1985.

PMID- 3869877
TI  - [Genetic etiological factors in temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction
      syndrome. Study of HLA-A and HLA-B antigens].

PMID- 3869878
TI  - [The palatal approach: periodontal surgery and esthetics].

PMID- 3869879
TI  - [Bone aging and complete dentures].

PMID- 3869880
TI  - [Clinical considerations in mandibular pseudo-prognathism. Presentation of a
      clinical case].

PMID- 3869881
TI  - [Hygiene and diet in the elderly].

PMID- 3869882
TI  - [Note on the pterygomaxillary ligament].

PMID- 3869883
TI  - [2 rare cases of hyperodontia with 13 and 14 supernumerary teeth].

PMID- 3869884
TI  - [Distribution of enzyme activity in the epithelium of the oral cavity of rats].

PMID- 3869885
TI  - A tissue cage model for the study of prostaglandin kinetics in cattle.

PMID- 3869886
TI  - Occlusal composite restoration using fissure sealant instead of "extension for
      prevention".

PMID- 3869887
TI  - Periodontal disease in children: prevention.

PMID- 3869888
TI  - Familial caries distribution in human permanent teeth: buccal and lingual pits of
      first molars.

PMID- 3869889
TI  - [Common problems in occlusion in pediatric dentistry. 2].

PMID- 3869890
TI  - [The posterior restricted cusp entrapment and its correction].

PMID- 3869891
TI  - [Bacterial invasion and disease activity in human periodontitis (II)].

PMID- 3869892
TI  - [Geriatric periodontology].

PMID- 3869893
TI  - [Clinical study of acquired white lesions of the oral mucosa and their relation
      to cancer (V)].

PMID- 3869894
TI  - [Variations in the histological diagnosis of epithelial dysplasia].

PMID- 3869895
TI  - Clinical prosthodontic protocol of osseointegration.

PMID- 3869896
TI  - Osseointegration tissue prosthesis in the rehabilitation of maxillofacial
      defects.

PMID- 3869897
TI  - [Indications for postoperative artificial respiration in pediatric visceral
      surgery].

PMID- 3869898
TI  - [Recurrent luxation of an Elie lens and its treatment].

PMID- 3869899
TI  - [Assessment of the cytotoxic properties of Reolite].

PMID- 3869900
TI  - [Fluoride content of tartar in populations living in environments with varying
      fluoride concentrations].

PMID- 3869901
TI  - [Late evaluation of permanent fillings in teeth treated by dental students].

PMID- 3869902
TI  - [Analysis of maxillofacial injuries occurring during work].

PMID- 3869903
TI  - [Oligodontia in 2 siblings with ectodermal dysplasia].

PMID- 3869904
TI  - [Teeth in Fanconi's syndrome].

PMID- 3869905
TI  - [Evaluation of the effect of chlorhexidine on the late course of healing of
      gingival pockets after subgingival curettage].

PMID- 3869906
TI  - [The use of hydrocortisone iontophoresis in the treatment of erythema exudativum
      multiforme].

PMID- 3869907
TI  - [Gingival pocket curettage in the treatment of deep periodontitis].

PMID- 3869908
TI  - [Clinical and histopathological findings in scleroderma].

PMID- 3869909
TI  - [Adjacent amalgam fillings and their effect on the periodontium in radiological
      analysis].

PMID- 3869910
TI  - [Prenatal toxicity of mercury compounds and occupational safety and hygiene in
      dental surgery rooms].

PMID- 3869911
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies on the correlation between periodontal disease
      and diabetes, cirrhosis, hepatic steatosis and low gastric acidity].

PMID- 3869912
TI  - [Various problems of the wisdom teeth].

PMID- 3869913
TI  - [Microangiography of labial carcinomas].

PMID- 3869914
TI  - [Atypical complications after fracture of the zygomatic arch].

PMID- 3869915
TI  - [Radiological assessment of late results of apical resection of tooth roots in
      children].

PMID- 3869916
TI  - [Monitoring image quality and analysis of radiographs in dental and maxillofacial
      radiology].

PMID- 3869917
TI  - [Changes in the sensitivity and vitality of teeth in a mandibular fracture line].

PMID- 3869918
TI  - [Injuries of the maxillary sinus--types and characteristics].

PMID- 3869919
TI  - [Surgical treatment of mandibular fractures in prognathism].

PMID- 3869920
TI  - [Reconstruction of a defect of the lower jaw and face due to a gunshot injury].

PMID- 3869921
TI  - REKAS (recurrent epistaxis from Kiesselbach's area syndrome).

PMID- 3869922
TI  - [Relation between HLA and oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy--study of a large
      family].

PMID- 3869923
TI  - [The G and C banding chromosome patterns of the transplantable mammary
      adenocarcinoma in mice].
AB  - Cells of mice MA-737 mammary adenocarcinoma from 5 different generations were
      analysed by G and C banding techniques. Altogether, 540 metaphase plates were
      studied. All chromosomes showed telocentric and C bands. The modal chromosome
      numbers were 41, 82, 86, 89 and 91. The karyotype of cells with 41 modal number
      was 41, XO, +7 +M. In most of the cells, one or two marker chromosomes were
      present. This marker is characteristic of all MA-737 cells. The relationship
      between chromosome aberration and malignant transformation is briefly discussed.

PMID- 3869924
TI  - Inhibitory effects of several anthracyclines on mitochondrial respiration and
      coenzyme Q10 protection.
AB  - A set of three novel anthracyclines, active as antitumour agents, has been
      examined for their possible effects on rat heart mitochondrial respiration. The
      in vitro inhibiting effects of the compounds have been compared with that of the
      older doxorubicin. Aclacinomycin was generally more inhibitory than doxorubicin,
      4'-epi-doxorubicin and 4'-epi-tetrahydropyranyl-adriamycin, with both succinate
      and NAD+-linked substrates. Attempts to prevent anthracycline from inhibiting the
      succinate oxidase activity by means of adding exogenous coenzyme Q10 gave
      encouraging results, the inhibiting effect being in fact reduced.

PMID- 3869925
TI  - Restorative dental status among a sample of Saudi Arabian population.

PMID- 3869926
TI  - Study on the effect of fluoride ion concentration in different water supplies on
      the incorporation of the fluoride ion in dental enamel.

PMID- 3869927
TI  - Histological and histochemical studies on the effect of histamine on salivary
      glands.

PMID- 3869928
TI  - Antero-posterior journey of the mental foramen (birth to 7 years of age).

PMID- 3869929
TI  - Anthropometric study of maxillary arch forms.

PMID- 3869930
TI  - The structure of zinc phosphate and zinc polycarboxylate cement used in crown and
      bridge fixed prosthodontics and the effect of adding stannous fluoride on its
      characteristics: a scanning electron microscopic study.

PMID- 3869931
TI  - Evaluation of the effect of immediate polishing on gamma 2 phase content of the
      amalgam surface.

PMID- 3869932
TI  - [Treatment of a unilaterally shortened dental arch. Basic principles].

PMID- 3869933
TI  - [The reflex mechanism in implantation--an electromyographic study].

PMID- 3869934
TI  - [Corrosion testing of prosthetic dental alloys].

PMID- 3869935
TI  - [Galvanic corrosion of amalgams].

PMID- 3869936
TI  - [Biological aspects of corrosion].

PMID- 3869937
TI  - [In-vivo corrosion studies of orthodontic appliances].

PMID- 3869938
TI  - [Discolorations in high-gold-content alloys using scanning electron microscopy].

PMID- 3869939
TI  - [The effect of alloy composition and structural state on the corrosion resistance
      of metallic dental materials].

PMID- 3869940
TI  - [Quantitative analysis of cadmium (Cd) extracted from denture plastics under
      simulated intraoral conditions using atomic absorption spectroscopy].

PMID- 3869941
TI  - [Incidence of mycotic infections in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
      Evaluation of the drug sensitivity of the isolated strains].

PMID- 3869942
TI  - Hypothalmic syndrome in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 3869943
TI  - [Oral health status in primary oral health care].

PMID- 3869944
TI  - A comparative study of the effect of chlorhexidine mouthwash, periodontal
      dressing and mechanical tooth cleaning on healing after periodontal flap surgery.

PMID- 3869945
TI  - [Effect of an impacted lower 3d molar on a lower 2d molar].

PMID- 3869946
TI  - [Periapical actinomycosis: a case report].

PMID- 3869947
TI  - Vascular leiomyoma: report of a case of the oral cavity.

PMID- 3869948
TI  - [Research in oral cancer].

PMID- 3869950
TI  - The provision of overdentures for a patient with amelogenesis imperfecta.

PMID- 3869949
TI  - [Ultrasonic systems in root canal therapy].

PMID- 3869951
TI  - Apertgnathia: a case report.

PMID- 3869952
TI  - Ophthalmic problems with light-cured composite resins.

PMID- 3869953
TI  - Abstracts of the 20th meeting of the European Association for the Study of the
      Liver. Espoo, Finland, 29-31 August, 1985.

PMID- 3869954
TI  - Sequence analysis of the human major histocompatibility gene SX alpha.
AB  - The DP subregion of the human major histocompatibility complex contains two
      closely linked gene pairs, DP alpha, DP beta and SX alpha, SX beta. The exon
      intron organization and the complete DNA sequence of the SX alpha gene are
      reported here. There are several mutations within the SX alpha gene which
      strongly suggest that it is a pseudogene. These include two frameshift mutations,
      one in the alpha 1 domain and the other in the cytoplasmic domain. A 5' splice
      site mutation at the end of the alpha 1 exon also exists. DNA sequence homology
      between DP alpha and SX alpha suggests that these genes arose through a gene
      duplication event.

PMID- 3869955
TI  - Recombination and deletion of sequences in shuttle vector plasmids in mammalian
      cells.
AB  - Shuttle vector plasmids were constructed with directly repeated sequences
      flanking a marker gene. African green monkey kidney (AGMK) cells were infected
      with the constructions, and after a period of replication, the progeny plasmids
      were recovered and introduced into bacteria. Those colonies with plasmids that
      had lost the marker gene were identified, and the individual plasmids were
      purified and characterized by restriction enzyme digestion. Recombination between
      the repeated elements generated a plasmid with a precise deletion and a
      characteristic restriction pattern, which distinguished the recombined molecules
      from those with other defects in the marker gene. Recombination among the
      following different sequences was measured in this assay: (i) the simian virus 40
      origin and enhancer region, (ii) the AGMK Alu sequence, and (iii) a sequence from
      plasmid pBR322. Similar frequencies of recombination among these sequences were
      found. Recombination occurred more frequently in Cos1 cells than in CV1 cells. In
      these experiments, the plasmid population with defective marker genes consisted
      of the recombined molecules and of the spontaneous deletion-insertion mutants
      described earlier. The frequency of the latter class was unaffected by the
      presence of the option for recombination represented by the direct repeats. Both
      recombination and deletion-insertion mutagenesis were stimulated by double-strand
      cleavage between the repeated sequences and adjacent to the marker, and the
      frequency of the deletion-insertion mutants in this experiment was again
      independent of the presence of the direct repeats. We concluded that although
      recombination and deletion-insertion mutagenesis were both stimulated by double
      strand cleavage, the molecules which underwent the two types of change were drawn
      from separate pools.

PMID- 3869956
TI  - [Clinico-statistical analysis of dental morphology in relation to positioning of
      lingual brackets].

PMID- 3869957
TI  - [Ultrastructural analysis of the TMJ disc].

PMID- 3869958
TI  - [Biomechanical principles in orthodontics. I].

PMID- 3869959
TI  - [Mandibular rotation in the horizontal plane].

PMID- 3869960
TI  - [The leukemic child after therapy. Psychological aspects].
AB  - Thirty children in remission, at least one year after completing chemotherapy for
      Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, were assessed using general psychological measures.
      The Wechsler Intelligence tests were administered to evaluate their intellectual
      function: no significant reduction was found in overall IQ score. Only four of
      the patients, who presented neurological complications during the treatment,
      performed at lower levels. The group as a whole functioned poorly on tasks
      involving speeded performances and long-term memory. The age at diagnosis, the
      duration of the illness, the cranial irradiation and/or intrathecal-chemotherapy
      did not show any negative effects on the intellectual performance. Psycho-social
      adaptation was satisfactory: our patients do not show neurotic or psychotic
      disorders, but only affective disturbances (insecurity, irritability, poor self
      perception, instability and depression). Familial adaptation was disturbed in 60%
      of the children and difficulty in socializing with peers was present in 57% of
      cases: the latter, in our experience, is related to poor self perception, present
      in 75% of our patients. We have found a more inadequate psycho-social adaptation
      in children who have not received any communication of their illness. Psychologic
      support can be of value for the child and his family in adapting to their
      difficult situation and in promoting a normal personality development of the
      child.

PMID- 3869961
TI  - [Color in ceramics. Pigmentation (1)].

PMID- 3869962
TI  - [Color in ceramics. Pigmentation].

PMID- 3869963
TI  - [Types of occlusion found in the dentition of young adults 19-25 years of age].

PMID- 3869964
TI  - [Stabilization of the remaining mandibular incisors with intraosseous alloplastic
      implants].

PMID- 3869965
TI  - [Range of solidification temperatures of the alloy Micromed 1-04].

PMID- 3869966
TI  - [Surface tension of the dental alloys Micromed 1-04, Vironit, Remanium, Magnum].

PMID- 3869967
TI  - [Deterioration of files and reamers by the action of drugs used in endodontic
      therapy].

PMID- 3869968
TI  - [Computers: trial of specific applications. Pulp protection with calcium
      hydroxide].

PMID- 3869969
TI  - [Periodontal granuloma as studied by scanning electron microscopy].

PMID- 3869970
TI  - [Comparative analysis of zinc oxide-eugenol liquid and solid for use in indirect
      pulp protection. Histomorphological study in dogs].

PMID- 3869971
TI  - [Silver cones. Morphology and corrosion].

PMID- 3869973
TI  - [Analysis of various physicochemical properties of Hydron].

PMID- 3869972
TI  - [Proprietary sealants composed of various materials for use in temporary
      obturation during bleaching technics].

PMID- 3869974
TI  - [Presence of dentinal smear layer after surgical preparation of the molars].

PMID- 3869975
TI  - [Identification in dentistry (II)].

PMID- 3869976
TI  - [Mandibular condyle hypertrophy].

PMID- 3869978
TI  - [Occlusal adjustment in complete dentures (I)].

PMID- 3869977
TI  - [Comparative cephalometry of monozygotic twin siblings].

PMID- 3869979
TI  - [New concepts in the process of salivary secretion. I. Secretion of inorganic
      products].

PMID- 3869980
TI  - [Comparative study of the efficiency of 3 toothbrushes in the removal of
      bacterial plaque].

PMID- 3869981
TI  - [Occlusal adjustment in complete dentures. 2: Coronoplasty technics].

PMID- 3869982
TI  - [New concepts in the process of salivary secretion. II. Secretion of organic
      products].

PMID- 3869983
TI  - [Ultrastructural study of gingival tissue irradiated with a soft helium-neon
      laser].

PMID- 3869984
TI  - [A personal technic for high fixation in craniofacial fractures].

PMID- 3869985
TI  - [Epithelial components in gingival hyperplasia due to hydantoin and their
      possible pathogenic significance].

PMID- 3869986
TI  - [Use of health services in Social Security: the specialty of dentistry in
      Valencia].

PMID- 3869987
TI  - [Periodontal disease and oral hygiene in the Julio C. Perez Gomez High School,
      Bauta municipality].

PMID- 3869988
TI  - [Morbidity of dental caries and inflammatory periodontal disease in an area with
      artificial fluoridation of the drinking water].

PMID- 3869989
TI  - [Mentoplasty as adjunctive treatment of mandibular prognathism].

PMID- 3869990
TI  - [Tooth autotransplantation. Presentation of a case].

PMID- 3869991
TI  - [Inflammatory cell response in denture stomatitis].

PMID- 3869992
TI  - [Electromyographic study of the temporal muscle].

PMID- 3869993
TI  - [Morbidity of inflammatory periodontal disease in junior high school students
      living in an area with artificial fluoridation of the drinking water].

PMID- 3869994
TI  - [Osteogenic myxoma. Presentation of 2 cases].

PMID- 3869995
TI  - [Biomechanics and physiopathology of fractures of the middle third of the face].

PMID- 3869997
TI  - [Oral leukoplasia. Clinical study of 33 patients].

PMID- 3869996
TI  - [Van der Woude syndrome].

PMID- 3869998
TI  - [Mandibular retrognathism. Analysis of a case].

PMID- 3869999
TI  - [Effect of premedication with hydroxyzine on the behavior of child patients].

PMID- 3870000
TI  - [Cephalometric analysis: study and use in the diagnosis and treatment of the
      completely edentulous].

PMID- 3870001
TI  - [9-year results of pericranial fixation in the treatment of craniofacial
      dysjunctions].

PMID- 3870002
TI  - [Infectious occupational pathologies in dentistry].

PMID- 3870003
TI  - [In vitro reproduction of inorganic dental enamel lesions in patients with post
      radiotherapy xerostomia].

PMID- 3870004
TI  - [Molar apicoectomy].

PMID- 3870005
TI  - [Saliva substitutes].

PMID- 3870006
TI  - [Malar fractures involving the floor of the orbit. I: Occurrence and
      classification, etiology, diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 3870007
TI  - [Liberation of fluoride from toothpaste].

PMID- 3870008
TI  - [Technology of ceramics].

PMID- 3870009
TI  - [Malar fractures involving the floor of the orbit. II: Personal experiences.
      Discussion and conclusions].

PMID- 3870010
TI  - [Prosthetic restorations in old age].

PMID- 3870011
TI  - [Use of dentin adhesives in the conservative treatment of amelogenesis
      imperfecta].

PMID- 3870012
TI  - [Physiopathology of diabetes].

PMID- 3870013
TI  - [Complications of diabetes].

PMID- 3870014
TI  - [Laboratory methods in the diagnosis and control of diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3870015
TI  - [Mandibular microsomia].

PMID- 3870016
TI  - [Production of fluorides in Colombia].

PMID- 3870017
TI  - [Oral health for everyone in the year 2000 in Colombia].

PMID- 3870018
TI  - [Dentomaxillofacial relations in a sample population with bimaxillary
      protrusion].

PMID- 3870019
TI  - [Carcinoma of the palate].

PMID- 3870020
TI  - [Experimental production of periodontal disease in hamsters with Actinomyces
      viscosus of human origin and a brown sugar-enriched diet].

PMID- 3870021
TI  - [Mercury intoxication].

PMID- 3870022
TI  - [Laser radiation in dentistry].

PMID- 3870023
TI  - [Health clinic].

PMID- 3870024
TI  - [Clinical case of vestibulo-occlusion of the left posterior-superior sector].

PMID- 3870025
TI  - [Fixed orthodontics and functional orthopedics].

PMID- 3870026
TI  - [Mechanical agents for the control of bacterial plaque used by workers in
      Aracatuba. Initial considerations].

PMID- 3870027
TI  - [Impacted canines. II. Surgical-orthodontic treatment].

PMID- 3870028
TI  - [Immediate treatment of an oroantral fistula with gelatin sponge].

PMID- 3870029
TI  - [Aspects of teaching and of dental practice in North America].

PMID- 3870030
TI  - [Innovations in dental practice in Latin American countries].

PMID- 3870031
TI  - [Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia].

PMID- 3870033
TI  - [The importance of logic in diagnostic reasoning].

PMID- 3870032
TI  - [A look at the future of dentistry].

PMID- 3870034
TI  - Is there a case for vital root amputation?

PMID- 3870035
TI  - [The effects of oral habits on the masticatory system].

PMID- 3870036
TI  - [Epidemiological study of the general population of Vega Baja, P.R].

PMID- 3870037
TI  - Prediction of academic success. A study with dental students using noncognitive
      and cognitive variables.

PMID- 3870038
TI  - [The truth about fluoride].

PMID- 3870039
TI  - [Aneurysmal bone cyst associated with primary hyperparathyroidism. Report of a
      case].

PMID- 3870040
TI  - [Use in daily practice of a combination of Spiramycin 250 mg and metronidazole
      125 mg in dentistry].

PMID- 3870041
TI  - [Evaluation of children's crying as an aid in dental treatment].

PMID- 3870042
TI  - [Local anesthetics. Report of a case. I].

PMID- 3870043
TI  - [Dentin dysplasia type I. Report of a case].

PMID- 3870044
TI  - [Recent advances in the knowledge of the carious process and the place of
      fluorides in oral microbiology].

PMID- 3870045
TI  - [Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma].

PMID- 3870046
TI  - [Local anesthetics. Report of a case (conclusion)].

PMID- 3870047
TI  - [Periodontal immunopathology].

PMID- 3870048
TI  - [Traumatic root fractures in temporary upper central incisors].

PMID- 3870049
TI  - [Instrument sharpening].

PMID- 3870050
TI  - [Multiple sialolithiasis. Report of a case].

PMID- 3870051
TI  - [Viruses in the oral ecosystem].

PMID- 3870052
TI  - [Orthodontic treatment plans using Tweed's methods: Class II division 1
      malocclusion with extractions].

PMID- 3870053
TI  - [Width of the lingual attached gingiva in the mandible: changes in the gingival
      index during interruption of oral hygiene].

PMID- 3870054
TI  - [The dentist: a study of personality and its reflection in the professional
      context--III].

PMID- 3870055
TI  - [SEM evaluation of manual endodontics and a system using ultrasonics in canal
      preparation].

PMID- 3870056
TI  - [Anesthesia using iontophoresis: clinical evaluation of extractions in children].

PMID- 3870057
TI  - [Problems of osteocutaneous fistulas].

PMID- 3870058
TI  - [Lipoma in the mouth: a case in an unusual location].

PMID- 3870059
TI  - [Injuries to the anterior teeth: analysis of classifications and new proposals].

PMID- 3870060
TI  - [Postoperative pain in endodontic therapy].

PMID- 3870061
TI  - Human bone marrow fibroblastic cells can inhibit clonogenic growth of K562 cells.
AB  - The influence of human bone marrow fibroblastic cells (FC) on the proliferation
      of K562 leukemic colony-forming cells (LCF-C) was studied. FC derived from normal
      subjects and patients with acute leukemia were used. The growth of LCF-C was
      evaluated by colony-forming efficiency in soft agar. Inhibition of leukemic
      colony formation was produced by FC from normal subjects and patients with acute
      leukemia. While the degree of inhibition by FC from patients with acute
      lymphocytic leukemia was almost the same as that by those from the normal
      subjects, that by FC from patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia was lower
      than that by those from normal individuals. Both conditioned media obtained from
      FC and contact of their FC with LCF-C in dishes for four hr inhibited leukemic
      colony formation. These data show that leukemic stem cells are inhibited by bone
      marrow FC through cell-to-cell contact or humoral factors derived from FC.

PMID- 3870062
TI  - [Electrical adjustment of the working length of root canal instruments].

PMID- 3870063
TI  - [Late endoscopic findings after middle face fractures with involvement of the
      maxillary sinus].

PMID- 3870064
TI  - [Apoplectic insult in dental treatment and its medicolegal evaluation].

PMID- 3870065
TI  - [Regional changes in the chemical composition of the mandible after tongue
      reduction. 4: Changes in the chemical composition of the cortex of the mandible
      in relation to function, to age and after tongue reduction].

PMID- 3870066
TI  - [Total replacement of the temporomandibular joint by alloplastic materials. 3].

PMID- 3870067
TI  - [Elephantiasis of the lower lip caused by chronic granulating periapical
      osteitis. An interesting case].

PMID- 3870068
TI  - [Studies on the microscopic and submicroscopic structure of human promyelocytic
      leukemia cells (HL-60) during differentiation induced by retinoids and dimethyl
      sulfoxide].

PMID- 3870069
TI  - [Cytotoxicity of the various root canal filling materials].

PMID- 3870070
TI  - [Treatment changes in skeletal maxillary protrusion. The effect of cervical
      headgear and early treatment].

PMID- 3870071
TI  - [Primary closure after extraction of a palatally versioned upper 2d premolar
      using a rotated periosteal method].

PMID- 3870072
TI  - [Angular cheilitis due to Leishmania].

PMID- 3870073
TI  - [Cervicofacial actinomycosis].

PMID- 3870074
TI  - [Clinical considerations in the reconstruction of anterior teeth with a pre
      activated mono-element composite].

PMID- 3870075
TI  - [Focus in oral pathology: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome].

PMID- 3870076
TI  - [Immunological aspects of various oral diseases. I. Introduction].

PMID- 3870077
TI  - [Aphthous manifestations in the oral cavity].

PMID- 3870078
TI  - [Immunological aspects of various oral diseases. II. Periodontal disease and
      dental caries].

PMID- 3870079
TI  - [Focus in oral pathology: Darier's disease].

PMID- 3870080
TI  - [Use of a rubber dam in teeth with clinical crown fractures].

PMID- 3870081
TI  - [Immunological aspects of various oral diseases. III. Aphthous stomatitis,
      pemphigus, benign mucomembranous pemphigoid, DLE, lichen planus, desquamative
      gingivitis, inflammatory intestinal disease with oral manifestations, Sjogren
      syndrome].

PMID- 3870083
TI  - The concepts and practice of statistics. Part 1. The basics.

PMID- 3870082
TI  - Maxillary control with functional appliances: some clinical observations.

PMID- 3870084
TI  - Skeletal anchorage utilising bone plates.

PMID- 3870085
TI  - Case reports. Mirror image twins.

PMID- 3870086
TI  - [The EMG evaluation of the chewing patterns of the masseter muscle in cases of
      the natural dentition and a removable partial denture inserted in a Kennedy Class
      III, division 1 mandible].

PMID- 3870087
TI  - [Prostaglandin-like activity in acute and chronic pulp infections].

PMID- 3870088
TI  - [The measurement of the electric potential of various alloys in the mouth].

PMID- 3870089
TI  - [Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (report of a case)].

PMID- 3870090
TI  - [Van der Woude syndrome (report of a case)].

PMID- 3870091
TI  - [Odontogenic skin fistulas].

PMID- 3870092
TI  - [Cementoma].

PMID- 3870093
TI  - [Submandibular and sublingual duct stones].

PMID- 3870094
TI  - [Pre- and post-operative evaluation of a Class III skeletal malocclusion].

PMID- 3870095
TI  - [Mandibular dentigerous cyst. Report of 2 cases].

PMID- 3870096
TI  - [White sponge nevus (hereditary leukokeratosis of the mucous membranes)].

PMID- 3870097
TI  - [General anesthesia in oral and maxillofacial surgery].

PMID- 3870099
TI  - [The measurement of the edema occurring after the removal of impacted or semi
      impacted wisdom teeth].

PMID- 3870098
TI  - [Surgical considerations in cleft lip surgery].

PMID- 3870100
TI  - [Treatment and relapse of an Angle Class III malocclusion].

PMID- 3870101
TI  - [Holdaway soft tissue profile changes during growth].

PMID- 3870102
TI  - [The effect of discrepancies of the facio-lingual length of the teeth].

PMID- 3870103
TI  - [An immunologic study of localised osteitis].

PMID- 3870104
TI  - [A 20-year study of an interfollicular anesthesia technic for the removal of
      fully impacted mandibular 3d molars].

PMID- 3870105
TI  - [The etiology of jaw fractures].

PMID- 3870106
TI  - [Surgical obturators as used in maxillary resection patients].

PMID- 3870107
TI  - [Giant cell lesions of oral cavity].

PMID- 3870108
TI  - [Evaluation of the skeletal structures of individuals with malocclusion (1)].

PMID- 3870109
TI  - [Evaluation of the skeletal structures of individuals with malocclusion (2)].

PMID- 3870110
TI  - [The effect of titanium solvents on enamel surfaces using electron microscopy].

PMID- 3870111
TI  - [The relation between treatment goals in treatment planning and treatment results
      in cases treated with the Edgewise technic].

PMID- 3870113
TI  - [Changes in the soft and hard tissues and their interrelations after retraction
      of the maxillary anterior teeth].

PMID- 3870112
TI  - [Comparison of resorption in the edentulous mandible and metacarpus using
      densitometric and morphological measurement technics].

PMID- 3870114
TI  - [Evaluation of the analgesic effects of various aspirin combinations in oral
      surgery].

PMID- 3870115
TI  - [The smear layer in root canals as seen under scanning electron microscopy (I)].

PMID- 3870116
TI  - [Tomography of temporomandibular joint subluxation I].

PMID- 3870117
TI  - [Determination of surface hardness of a visible light-cured composite resin].

PMID- 3870118
TI  - [Antibacterial effects of zinc phosphate cements and polycarboxylate cements].

PMID- 3870119
TI  - [Reconstruction of occlusion in a bruxism case].

PMID- 3870120
TI  - [Carving and finishing of amalgam restorations using the Grubbs technic].

PMID- 3870121
TI  - [Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome].

PMID- 3870122
TI  - Proportional changes of facial height and craniofacial depth in Chinese.

PMID- 3870123
TI  - [Eosinophilic granuloma of the mandible--a case report].

PMID- 3870124
TI  - Cyclophosphamide-induced growth retardation of the rat mandibular condyle.

PMID- 3870125
TI  - An analysis of the soft tissue profile of Chinese adult females.

PMID- 3870126
TI  - [Peripheral ameloblastoma of the gingiva--a case report].

PMID- 3870127
TI  - [Bone regeneration following partial mandibulectomy--a case report].

PMID- 3870128
TI  - Preferential antagonism of tiaramide to prostaglandin E2-induced contraction in
      isolated rabbit detrusor.

PMID- 3870129
TI  - [Excisional new attachment procedure or blind curettage? Biometric study].

PMID- 3870130
TI  - [Clinical note: lengthening of the clinical crown].

PMID- 3870131
TI  - [Structure and organization of gingival collagens].

PMID- 3870132
TI  - [Over-treatment and under-treatment in periodontics. Current research trends in
      the determination of treatment needs].

PMID- 3870134
TI  - Developmental expression of rat transforming growth factor-alpha mRNA.
AB  - Expression of the gene encoding transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) was
      examined in developing rat embryos by using a cloned TGF alpha cDNA as a
      hybridization probe. Northern blot analysis of RNA isolated from whole fetuses
      revealed that TGF alpha mRNA was present at relatively high levels in 8- through
      10-day-old embryos and then declined to the low or undetectable level, which is
      characteristic of adult tissues before birth. The level of TGF alpha mRNA present
      during early gestation was similar to that present in retrovirus-transformed
      cells in culture, suggesting that TGF alpha expression is not highly localized in
      the embryo. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that TGF alpha
      plays a role in development, possibly as a fetal growth factor.

PMID- 3870133
TI  - Effect of double-strand breaks on homologous recombination in mammalian cells and
      extracts.
AB  - We examined the effect of double-strand breaks on homologous recombination
      between two plasmids in human cells and in nuclear extracts prepared from human
      and rodent cells. Two pSV2neo plasmids containing nonreverting, nonoverlapping
      deletions were cotransfected into cells or incubated with cell extracts.
      Generation of intact neo genes was monitored by the ability of the DNA to confer
      G418r to cells or Neor to bacteria. We show that double-strand breaks at the
      sites of the deletions enhanced recombination frequency, whereas breaks outside
      the neo gene had no effect. Examination of the plasmids obtained from experiments
      involving the cell extracts revealed that gene conversion events play an
      important role in the generation of plasmids containing intact neo genes. Studies
      with plasmids carrying multiple polymorphic genetic markers revealed that markers
      located within 1,000 base pairs could be readily coconverted. The frequency of
      coconversion decreased with increasing distance between the markers. The plasmids
      we constructed along with the in vitro system should permit a detailed analysis
      of homologous recombinational events mediated by mammalian enzymes.

PMID- 3870136
TI  - Posterior composite restorations--where do we stand?

PMID- 3870135
TI  - Management of an intraoral vascular malformation.

PMID- 3870137
TI  - Restorative treatment utilizing forced eruption.

PMID- 3870138
TI  - A look at DOMTRAK software for the dental office.

PMID- 3870139
TI  - Haloperidol, fluphenazine and clonidine in Tourette syndrome: controversies in
      treatment.
AB  - The value of haloperidol, fluphenazine and clonidine as therapeutic agents for
      Tourette's syndrome was retrospectively reviewed. Haloperidol improved tic
      symptoms in 50/60 patients, but side effects often nullified these benefits.
      Fluphenazine was an effective drug for tic suppression in 24/31 patients. Direct
      comparison of these drugs in 23 patients confirmed the efficacy of fluphenazine
      and showed it to produce fewer adverse effects than haloperidol. Clonidine was
      helpful in 47% and caused few side effects. These results support the use of
      clonidine for the treatment of tics and suggest that fluphenazine can be
      considered an alternative to other neuroleptic drugs.

PMID- 3870140
TI  - [Effect of serial excision in the cheek on craniofacial bones].

PMID- 3870141
TI  - [Effect of skin release on deviated craniofacial bone caused by cheek skin
      excision].

PMID- 3870142
TI  - Principia of cancer therapy. X. Prostaglandin D2 triggers redifferentiation of
      the bestatin-treated breast cancer cells in vitro.

PMID- 3870143
TI  - Principia of cancer therapy. XI. Prostaglandin D2 induces redifferentiation of M1
      leukemia cells in vitro irrespective of bestatin.

PMID- 3870144
TI  - [Surgical treatment of fractures of the neck of the mandible].

PMID- 3870145
TI  - [Reconstruction of alveolar process in a cases of cleft lip, jaw and palate].

PMID- 3870146
TI  - [Surgical treatment of jaw asymmetry with advancement of the maxilla and
      mandible].

PMID- 3870147
TI  - [Acute odontogenic infections].

PMID- 3870148
TI  - [Surgical treatment of premalignant lesions of the oral mucosa].

PMID- 3870149
TI  - [Health education in kindergarten].

PMID- 3870150
TI  - [Basic problems in dental health education].

PMID- 3870151
TI  - [Health education in grammar school].

PMID- 3870152
TI  - Amphetamine anorexia in cats: the effect of encouraging to ingestive behavior.
AB  - The effect of encouraging to ingestive behavior was examined in cats pretreated
      with amphetamine (AMPH) in a dose sufficient for evoking anorexia (2 mg/kg). AMPH
      evoked complete refusing of spontaneous food ingestion in all animals. However,
      the cats could eat in even frantic manner when they were encouraged to ingestive
      behavior by moving the bowl with food around the place where the animal was
      sitting in the experimental cage. This result reveals that so called "anorexic
      syndrome" does not consist simply in a loss of appetite. It may be temporarily
      suppressed by some additional external stimuli which enable to channel the
      animal's behavior to the ingestive one.

PMID- 3870153
TI  - [Tuberosity pain and diffuse radiograph, surgery?].

PMID- 3870154
TI  - [Vestibular impaction of the upper canines--a new therapeutic approach].

PMID- 3870155
TI  - [Demography of orthodontic practitioners and their utilization].

PMID- 3870156
TI  - [Radiographic-clinical study and tentative embryo-pathologic correlation of
      dental agenesis. Apropos of 1035 cases of agenesis].

PMID- 3870157
TI  - [The neurophysiologic concept of pain in temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction
      syndrome].

PMID- 3870158
TI  - [Temporary denture treatment of amelogenesis imperfecta. Report of a case].

PMID- 3870159
TI  - [Morphological and histochemical aspects of the enamel cuticle of the rat
      incisor].

PMID- 3870161
TI  - Carotid endarterectomy.

PMID- 3870162
TI  - Anaesthetic management in carotid artery surgery.

PMID- 3870160
TI  - [Macro and micro-electrode study of hypothalamic projections of periodontal
      afferents in the rat and cat].

PMID- 3870163
TI  - Carotid endarterectomy in patients with actively changing neurological deficits-
      correlations with CT brain scans.
AB  - The place of carotid endarterectomy in patients with actively changing
      neurological deficits (ACND) is yet to be defined. This is a study of 15 patients
      with ACND who underwent carotid endarterectomy. All patients had demonstrable
      neurological deficits at the time of surgery. However no patient had severe
      devastating symptomatology or decreased levels of consciousness. Eight patients
      (Group I) were classified as stroke-in-evolution (SIE) according to Millikan.
      Seven other patients (Group II) were also unstable with deficits of recent onset
      but did not demonstrate a classical progressive or stepwise deterioration.
      Average internal carotid stenosis was 80% (range 50-90%). In each of the Group I
      patients CT scans of the brain demonstrated cerebral infarction in the area
      appropriate to the deficit. CT scans were performed in four of the Group II
      patients, two of whom showed cerebral infarction while two were normal. Seven of
      the eight Group I patients improved after surgery while one progressed to a
      completed stroke. Six of the seven Group II patients improved following surgery
      while one died on the third postoperative day. These results suggest an improved
      outlook with surgery when compared either with the natural history of SIE or with
      the results when anticoagulants alone are used.

PMID- 3870164
TI  - Early gastric cancer.
AB  - Thirty patients with early gastric cancer were studied as part of a consecutive
      series of 308 gastric cancers, giving a proportion of 9.7%. Twenty-eight of the
      early gastric cancer patients were symptomatic, pain being the most common
      symptom. Endoscopy proved more effective than barium studies as a first
      investigation but the diagnosis rate at first examination was still only 69%.
      Seven patients with early gastric cancer had lymph node spread at the time of
      presentation. Five patients eventually died of cancer metastases. There was a
      high incidence of benign peptic ulceration (50%) and this with lymph node
      metastasis was an unfavourable prognostic feature. Only four of the 26 patients
      submitted to standard surgical resections died of cancer. This study supports the
      concept that early gastric cancer does indeed occur in Western man and the five
      year survival rate (65%) is much higher than for late gastric cancer (13%). The
      high incidence of metastasis at the time of presentation may account for the
      difference between our survival rate for early gastric cancer, and that reported
      from Japan.

PMID- 3870165
TI  - Fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux.
AB  - Ninety-two patients with severe gastro-oesophageal reflux submitted to
      fundoplication from 1979 to 1984 have been studied. Severity of symptoms pre- and
      postoperatively have been assessed using a symptom score. The mean pre-operative
      score was 5.39 out of 9. A standard procedure for the fundoplication was used,
      including a long (5 cm) wrap leaving the wrap in an intrathoracic position when
      it could not be brought completely into the abdomen. Vagotomy was added in 53
      patients. Posterior gastropexy was used in 54 patients. There was a zero
      incidence of damage to the spleen and a zero mortality. The mean symptom score on
      follow up was 0.41 out of 9 with 90.5% patients having absent or minimal
      symptoms. However, only 68% remained satisfied with their overall results. The
      incidence of sequelae related to the procedure itself including gas bloat
      (19.6%), dumping (7.6%) diarrhoea (6.5%) and development of gastric ulcer (2.2%)
      explained this discrepancy. The addition of vagotomy did not improve the results
      but added its complications especially dumping and diarrhoea. There were no
      differences in clinical results whether the fundoplication had been left in the
      chest or in the abdomen but there were two hazardous complications of the
      intrathoracic fundoplication including a perforated gastric fundus and a gastric
      ulcer in the thoracic part of the stomach. Posterior gastropexy conferred no
      benefit to the results. Measures which might improve results include: avoidance
      of vagotomy, intrathoracic fundoplication and gastropexy; shortening the wrap;
      and the use of a 50-60 F dilator in the oesophagus during the wrap.

PMID- 3870166
TI  - Evaluation of the posterior approach for subfascial ligation of perforating
      veins.
AB  - A posterior midline incision was used for subfascial ligation of incompetent
      medial and lateral perforating veins in 32 patients. The indications for surgery
      were recurrent ulceration in 31 limbs and stasis dermatitis in six limbs.
      Incompetent perforating veins were found on the medial aspect of the leg in all
      cases and lateral aspect of the leg in 69% of cases. Postoperative mild skin edge
      necrosis and wound infection each occurred in seven limbs. Follow-up of these
      patients from 5 months to 4 years showed that there were 11 recurrent ulceration,
      10 mild leg oedema and three recurrent varices. This operation was successful in
      preventing further leg ulceration in 70% of patients, and a further 21.6% had
      benefited from the operation in that ulcers which recurred in the follow-up
      period were small in size compared to the original ones, and healed quickly.

PMID- 3870167
TI  - A conflict in vascular surgery.
AB  - It is believed that many surgeons, by adopting 'stripping' as the routine
      surgical treatment of significant varicose veins may be sacrificing many major
      leg veins which could be potentially valuable arterial grafts. A protocol of
      surgery is suggested which replaces stripping by the stab-avulsion technique.
      Thus all varices are removed and distal incompetent perforators controlled. Freed
      from an inevitable 'high ligation', it enables selective ligation at proximal
      valves, only when they are incompetent. It is suggested that this protocol treats
      varices effectively whilst preserving undamaged veins. The results presented show
      a 3 year recurrence rate of about 10%, but evidence is offered that better
      results will be obtained, now that Doppler equipment is readily available.

PMID- 3870168
TI  - Data on spinal injuries--Part II. Outcome of the treatment of 352 consecutive
      admissions.
AB  - The data collection system described in a previous study has been used to analyze
      some of the results of treatment of 352 consecutive admissions to the Spinal
      Injuries Unit, Austin Hospital. The results indicate that the basically
      conservative approach to the management of the spinal injury, supplemented by
      surgery in selected cases, appears to be vindicated by the low rate of
      instability of the spine, and good neurological sequelae of the spinal cord
      injury. An intermittent catheter regimen for management of the neurogenic bladder
      has resulted in a low rate of permanent indwelling catheterization on discharge
      from hospital and a low rate of urinary infections. The survival rate of patients
      in a well integrated unit, with a multi-disciplinary team, is high. The
      relatively long periods of hospitalization are justified by the return to the
      community of a high proportion of independent, healthy, disabled people.

PMID- 3870169
TI  - The significance of first and second rib fractures.
AB  - There are differing opinions in the literature regarding the significance of
      first rib fractures. The plan at Westmead Centre is to standardize the initial
      assessment of patients with such fractures. A 3 year retrospective study of 170
      trauma victims who sustained fractured ribs, was undertaken. Of the 15 patients
      with first rib fracture, all were involved in motor vehicle accidents. Over two
      thirds of these patients sustained major chest injuries. Multisystem trauma
      involving cranial, abdominal or skeletal injury was common. One patient died as a
      result of head injury. Similar results were observed in 13 patients with second
      rib fractures. Brachial plexus injuries were noted in two patients with first rib
      fracture. Despite follow-up of high-risk patients at an interval which varied
      from 1 to 2 1/2 years after the original injury, major subclavian artery injury
      was not detected in patients with first rib fracture. From this experience and a
      literature review, we suggest that the general nature of trauma is similar in
      patients with first rib fracture to that in patients with second rib fracture.
      Patients with first rib fracture should be closely examined for neurovascular
      compromise. Guidelines for the use of angiography are discussed. If there is no
      evidence of neurovascular injury at presentation, and there is no other thoracic
      injury, recovery should be uneventful.

PMID- 3870170
TI  - Internal fixation of acute scaphoid fractures: a new approach to treatment.
AB  - Thirty-five patients with acute, unstable fractures of the scaphoid were treated
      by primary internal fixation using the Herbert Bone Screw System. The use of
      plaster was avoided whenever possible, and operation was carried out as soon as
      practicable after injury. The average time for return to work after operation was
      3.7 weeks. Only one fracture failed to unite, and this was due to avascular
      necrosis of the proximal fragment of the scaphoid. Internal fixation of the acute
      scaphoid fracture successfully avoids the morbidity associated with standard
      methods of treatment in plaster.

PMID- 3870171
TI  - Persistent trigeminal artery: an anatomical study.
AB  - A detailed anatomical study of three persistent trigeminal arteries (PTA) is
      presented. In two cadavers the PTA linked the carotid and basilar systems by
      traversing the cavernous sinus and lying between the posterior clinoid process
      and the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve. In the third cadaver the PTA
      pierced the dorsum sellae and lay in the floor of the pituitary fossa. The
      potential clinical significance of the course and the possible pattern of blood
      flow in the vessels is discussed in the light of some recent clinical
      observations.

PMID- 3870172
TI  - A simplified technique for construction of a gastric pouch for morbid obesity
      surgery.

PMID- 3870173
TI  - A new instrument for inserting intercostal catheters.
AB  - A new instrument is described which allows blunt dissection through the muscles
      of the chest wall to the pleural cavity followed by subsequent passage of a
      suitable catheter through the open jaws of the instrument.

PMID- 3870174
TI  - [Development and canalization process of the parotid duct].

PMID- 3870175
TI  - [Lingual thyroid].

PMID- 3870176
TI  - [General physical principles of lasers].

PMID- 3870177
TI  - [Clinical study of acquired white lesions of the oral mucosa and their relation
      to cancer--(VI)].

PMID- 3870178
TI  - [Indications and contraindications for general anesthesia].

PMID- 3870179
TI  - [Bacterial invasion in juvenile periodontitis].

PMID- 3870181
TI  - Polymerization quality in photocured resins.

PMID- 3870180
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic study of human gingival explants inoculated with
      Mycoplasma salivarium.

PMID- 3870182
TI  - The administration of melatonin modified the submaxillary gland in male rats.
      Influence of castration.

PMID- 3870183
TI  - [Conservative cosmetic contouring].

PMID- 3870184
TI  - [The relation between the width of keratinized gingiva and gingival recession].

PMID- 3870185
TI  - [The analysis of investigator discrepancies in periodontal probing].

PMID- 3870186
TI  - [Oral hygiene education of pre-school children using stories].

PMID- 3870187
TI  - [4-year periodontal health status of 15-year-old children].

PMID- 3870188
TI  - [The theory and practice of functional occlusion].

PMID- 3870189
TI  - [The role of artificial organic matrix on reparative dentin formation].

PMID- 3870191
TI  - [Surface roughness of composite fillings (I)].

PMID- 3870190
TI  - [Mechanical properties of 2 composite filling materials to which microfillers are
      added in different rates].

PMID- 3870193
TI  - [Surface roughness of composite fillings (II)].

PMID- 3870192
TI  - [Determination of the length of the root canal using an electronic device].

PMID- 3870194
TI  - [Temperature changes in the pulp during the setting of composite and acrylic
      resins].

PMID- 3870195
TI  - [Heat production of various stone wheels used in tooth preparation].

PMID- 3870196
TI  - [A prevalence study of dental health care in primary school children in Ankara.
      I. Dental health care at T.E.D. Ankara College primary school].

PMID- 3870197
TI  - [Endodontic treatment of dens evaginatus (a case report)].

PMID- 3870198
TI  - [Bruxism: etiology, diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 3870199
TI  - [Fused teeth (case report)].

PMID- 3870200
TI  - [The removable partial overdenture. A case report].

PMID- 3870201
TI  - [The importance of corrosion in dentistry].

PMID- 3870202
TI  - [Dentistry and pregnancy].

PMID- 3870203
TI  - [In vitro study of the external morphology of the roots and of the anatomy of the
      pulp cavity of primary molars].

PMID- 3870204
TI  - [Drugs in the prevention and therapy of periodontal diseases. I. Topical
      application of antimicrobial agents].

PMID- 3870205
TI  - [Cervical erosion and abrasion].

PMID- 3870206
TI  - [Discoid lupus erythematosus limited to the mouth].

PMID- 3870207
TI  - [Dental abrasion and prosthetic treatment. II. 2 cases of amelogenesis
      imperfecta].

PMID- 3870208
TI  - [Prevalence and distribution of root caries in patients with periodontitis].

PMID- 3870209
TI  - [Effect of molecular weight on the physical-mechanical properties of acrylic
      resins].

PMID- 3870210
TI  - [Drugs in the prevention and therapy of periodontal diseases. II. Systemic
      administration--antibiotics].

PMID- 3870211
TI  - [Statistical study of 1722 edentulous patients].

PMID- 3870212
TI  - [Dangerous complications during endodontics].

PMID- 3870213
TI  - [Anti-HTLV-III/Lav antibodies, clinical symptoms and immunological determinations
      in hemophilia patients in Buenos Aires].

PMID- 3870214
TI  - [Mosaicism of the Philadelphia chromosome: description of 6 cases].

PMID- 3870215
TI  - Duplication of part of the short arm of A1 in a case of erythroleukemia (M6).

PMID- 3870216
TI  - A study of the odontological plaster porosity.

PMID- 3870217
TI  - [The effect of neurohypophysical hormones on electrolyte excretion in rats].

PMID- 3870218
TI  - [Evaluation of enteroparasites in children at a day care center].

PMID- 3870219
TI  - [Effect of aerobic bacterial infection on various biochemical parameters of semen
      from fertile men].

PMID- 3870220
TI  - [Preparation and distribution of dental materials in large clinics. A study from
      the Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP. I. Preparation of units of use
      and of convenient units of use].

PMID- 3870221
TI  - [Preparation and distribution of dental materials in large clinics. A study from
      the Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, USP. II. Distribution of units for
      use and of units convenient for use].

PMID- 3870222
TI  - [The importance of repeated coprological exams in the evaluation of the
      prevalence of intestinal parasitoses].

PMID- 3870223
TI  - [Stereologic study (lateral and horizontal norms) of the mandibular condyle in
      rats, using frontal sections. Temporomandibular joint morphometry].

PMID- 3870224
TI  - [Detection of Streptococcus mutans strains producing bacteriocin-like substances
      (mutacin)].

PMID- 3870225
TI  - [Fractures of the orbital floor (blow-out)].

PMID- 3870226
TI  - [Registry of squamous cell carcinoma in the regions of Cordoba and Sucre].

PMID- 3870227
TI  - [The dentist: one of the principal causes of subacute bacterial endocarditis].

PMID- 3870228
TI  - [Plaque. An oral hygiene indicator].

PMID- 3870229
TI  - [Silicone rubber relining for internal surfaces of acrylic denture bases].

PMID- 3870230
TI  - Effect of enzaprost F on the dilatation of cervical canal following intracervical
      and extra-ovular application in the first trimester of pregnancy.

PMID- 3870231
TI  - [Rhinologic surgical methods for maxillary cysts].

PMID- 3870232
TI  - [Ectopic impacted tooth in the maxillary sinus].

PMID- 3870233
TI  - [Radiographic-diagnostic problems in the mixed-dentition].

PMID- 3870234
TI  - [Chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws: a clinical study of 28 cases].

PMID- 3870235
TI  - [Clinical-radiographic studies of the oral cavity in patients on maintenance
      hemodialysis].

PMID- 3870236
TI  - [Soft tissue cysts of the oral mucosa (clinical study of 273 cases)].

PMID- 3870237
TI  - [Bone healing].

PMID- 3870238
TI  - [Phonetics and complete dentures].

PMID- 3870239
TI  - [A manifestation of temporomandibular joint syndrome: bruxism].

PMID- 3870240
TI  - [Psychosocial problems of patients with maxillofacial defects].

PMID- 3870241
TI  - [Hepatitis B in dental practice].

PMID- 3870242
TI  - [Self-compression plate in the treatment of mandibular fractures].

PMID- 3870243
TI  - [Therapeutic developments in dental surgery].

PMID- 3870244
TI  - [Therapeutic developments in endodontics].

PMID- 3870245
TI  - [Functional disturbances in the deciduous and mixed dentition].

PMID- 3870246
TI  - [Monophasic menstrual cycle and its effect on periodontal tissues].

PMID- 3870247
TI  - [The anterior segment of occlusion. Anterior guidance].

PMID- 3870248
TI  - [Foreign bodies of dental origin in the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 3870249
TI  - Urinary prostaglandins in Bartter's and pseudo-Bartter's syndrome.
AB  - Renal secretion of prostaglandins (PG) in Bartter's syndrome and in different
      forms of hypokalemic normotensive syndromes (pseudo-Bartter's syndrome) was
      measured to determine if it is possible to use the measurement of urinary
      prostaglandins for the discrimination of different etiologies. Prostaglandins E2,
      F2 alpha, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) were measured after
      extraction and chromatography by radioimmunoassay in 19 patients and in 26
      control healthy subjects. Bartter's syndrome may be characterized as primary
      renal hyperprostaglandinism with high urinary PGE2 excretion. It can be
      dissociated from pseudo-Bartter's syndrome because the urinary PGE2 excretion is
      always in the normal range in the pseudosyndrome. Abuse of loop diuretics may
      have effects that mimic Bartter's syndrome since these diuretics stimulate
      urinary prostaglandin excretion. Therefore, loop diuretics should always be
      excluded prior to the diagnosis of Bartter's syndrome.

PMID- 3870250
TI  - [Behavior modification program to eliminate the thumb sucking habit].

PMID- 3870251
TI  - [Filling materials for the posterior region].

PMID- 3870252
TI  - [Ossifying fibroma of the jaw: clinical case].

PMID- 3870253
TI  - [Thermal studies in free gingival autografts].

PMID- 3870254
TI  - [The role of jaw bone and gingival tissue in the development of Burkitt's
      lymphoma].

PMID- 3870255
TI  - [Morphologic and structural analysis of direct orthodontic attachments. I:
      Weight].

PMID- 3870256
TI  - [A utility arch for maximum anchorage].

PMID- 3870257
TI  - [Thermomechanical condensation technic using gutta-percha in the closing of open
      apexes].

PMID- 3870258
TI  - [Allergy to mercury in dental amalgam: clinical report].

PMID- 3870259
TI  - [The treatment of septic canals and canal obturation using a new endodontic
      cement].

PMID- 3870260
TI  - [Oral manifestations in lead workers. I: Clinical aspects].

PMID- 3870262
TI  - Radiology credentialing: an overview.

PMID- 3870261
TI  - [The "M" loop: clinical experience].

PMID- 3870263
TI  - Development of a dental health test for adolescents.

PMID- 3870264
TI  - Educational contracting: a review and models for dental hygiene.

PMID- 3870265
TI  - Faculty calibration in clinical education: a review of the literature.

PMID- 3870266
TI  - Clinical education for the returning dental hygienist.

PMID- 3870267
TI  - The effect of student experience on dental hygienists' perceived competency.

PMID- 3870268
TI  - Microbiology of denture wearers.

PMID- 3870269
TI  - A note on the Miswaak.

PMID- 3870270
TI  - Community service and student training in Transkei.

PMID- 3870271
TI  - Caries prediction.

PMID- 3870272
TI  - [Electron microscopy study of the structure of 2 non-precious dental alloys].

PMID- 3870273
TI  - [Biocompatibility of a new dentin adhesive: Scotchbond].

PMID- 3870274
TI  - [The conductivity of dental bonding cements and its impact on the tooth
      prosthesis interface].

PMID- 3870276
TI  - [Ultrastructural aspects of semi-precious alloys in relation to their
      electrogalvanic behavior].

PMID- 3870275
TI  - [Gingival pigmentation due to dental amalgam: ultrastructural and microanalytical
      study].

PMID- 3870277
TI  - [Effect of the mixing slab on the film thickness of zinc phosphate cement].

PMID- 3870278
TI  - [Comparative study of the absorption profile of 5 photopolymerizing composite
      resins].

PMID- 3870279
TI  - [The ceramometal interface of a semi-precious alloy. Effect of annealing time].

PMID- 3870280
TI  - [Biointegration of composite resins. Fundamental criteria, clinical use].

PMID- 3870281
TI  - [Corrosion resistance of an iron-rich Ni-Cr-Fe-Mo alloy. Effect of chlorides and
      heat treatment].

PMID- 3870282
TI  - [Topographical study of stone-Class A alginate interfaces].

PMID- 3870283
TI  - [Dilatometric study of the ceramometal complex].

PMID- 3870284
TI  - [Tarnishing and surface changes in dental alloys].

PMID- 3870285
TI  - [Gingival tattoos due to electrogalvanism. Clinical, histological and analytic
      aspects].

PMID- 3870287
TI  - Studies of the method of matching skulls with photographic portraits using
      landmarks and measurements of the dentition.

PMID- 3870286
TI  - [Affinity and antagonism of impression materials and the models. 1. Topographic
      characteristics of the enamel. A comparative study and the establishment of new
      criterias of accuracy].

PMID- 3870288
TI  - Progress in forensic odonto-stomatology in the state of Michigan, U.S.A.

PMID- 3870289
TI  - Dental identification: some problems and solutions?

PMID- 3870290
TI  - Forensic odontology--the future.

PMID- 3870292
TI  - Protease inhibitors of human plasma. Biochemistry and pathophysiology.

PMID- 3870291
TI  - Computer aided dental identification: experience from the oil rig "Alexander L.
      Kielland" disaster.

PMID- 3870294
TI  - Customizing dental care health systems to the special needs of Third World
      countries.

PMID- 3870293
TI  - [Analysis of intestinal motility by enteric sound recording system--clinical
      evaluation of aclatonium napadisilate and prostaglandine F2 alpha on intestinal
      movement].
AB  - In patients with so-called postoperative enteroplegia after laparotomy, effects
      of aclatonium napadisilate (abbreviated as TM-723 hereinafter) and prostaglandine
      F2 alpha (abbreviated as PGF2 alpha) on intestinal motility were determined using
      an enteric sound recording system (phonointestinography) and simultaneously the
      time required for breaking wind after operation was examined. TM-723 was
      administered at a dose of 50 mg from the intestinal fistula after dissolved in 5
      ml of physiological saline, while PGF2 alpha was administered as an i.v. drip
      infusion at a dose of 2 mg dissolved in 500 ml of 5% glucose solution. Intestinal
      movement was determined at McBurney point using the enteric sound recording
      system developed at our department. The time required for breaking wind after
      operation was determined in three groups received TM-723, PGF2 alpha and placebo,
      respectively. No significant intergroup difference was observed. As to effect on
      intestinal motility, TM-723 increased intestinal motility when it was reduced in
      so-called postoperative enteroplegia phase. Its efficacy became higher with a
      decrease in motility. On the contrary, TM-723 rather tended to depress intestinal
      motility when it was increased. On the other hand, PGF2 alpha tended to increase
      intestinal motility regardless of motility in enteroplegia phase.

PMID- 3870295
TI  - "Lymphogranulomatosis"--a non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma: a case report.

PMID- 3870296
TI  - What you don't record can hurt you: documentation in the emergency department.

PMID- 3870297
TI  - A marker of neutrophil heterogeneity reveals two forms of chronic myelogenous
      leukemia.

PMID- 3870298
TI  - Prostaglandin D2 is released during acute allergic bronchospasm in man.

PMID- 3870299
TI  - [Tongue lesions with leukoplastic aspects histologically proved as papillomatous:
      ultrastructure].

PMID- 3870300
TI  - [Syphilis today. Considerations of dental interest].

PMID- 3870301
TI  - [AIDS and the dentist. The problem of early diagnosis and prevention].

PMID- 3870302
TI  - [Immune response in erythema multiforme].

PMID- 3870303
TI  - [Fibrous osteo-dysplasia of the jaw].

PMID- 3870304
TI  - [Endodontic failures due to broken instruments in the canal: preventive methods
      and resolution technics].

PMID- 3870305
TI  - [Surgical treatment of the open apex].

PMID- 3870306
TI  - [Pachyonychia congenita].

PMID- 3870307
TI  - [Clinical test of a photopolymerizing composite for the conservative treatment of
      the posterior teeth].

PMID- 3870308
TI  - Renal enlargement as a primary presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
AB  - It is not uncommon to see renal involvement in children with the established
      diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Previous reports suggest renal
      enlargement in 24% of all diagnosed ALL patients (Hann et al, 1981). In severe
      cases there is marked bilateral and symmetrical enlargement of both kidneys. The
      calyces and the infundibula are markedly stretched and these appearances are
      similar to those seen in adult polycystic kidneys. However, in ALL stretching of
      the calyces and the infundibula is not associated with cysts. These appearances
      led to the presumptive diagnosis of ALL in two children.

PMID- 3870309
TI  - Palatal rugae as Chernoff faces.

PMID- 3870310
TI  - The role of the tongue in forensic odontology: a case report.

PMID- 3870311
TI  - [The Co-Cr-Mo Mikormed 1-04 dental casting alloy].

PMID- 3870312
TI  - [Electrolytic properties of the Co-Cr-Mo Mikromed 1-04 dental alloy].

PMID- 3870313
TI  - [Role of Streptococcus sp. in the etiology of periodontal disease in patients
      treated with crowns].

PMID- 3870314
TI  - [The incidence of periodontal diseases in relation to functional models of
      occlusion].

PMID- 3870315
TI  - [Use of a functional splint made of "Erkodur" in the treatment of patients with
      periodontal disease].

PMID- 3870316
TI  - [Types and methods of constructing acid etch technic (AET) splints].

PMID- 3870317
TI  - [Methods of measuring the mobility of teeth].

PMID- 3870318
TI  - [Occlusal control and articulation in the treatment of dental occlusal surfaces].

PMID- 3870319
TI  - [Use of Speckle-photography in the diagnosis of occlusal disturbances].

PMID- 3870321
TI  - [Loading of the periodontium by fixed denture pontics with balanced and non
      balanced surfaces, using myotonography studies].

PMID- 3870320
TI  - [Functional reactive behavior of spaces in the dentition in clinical experimental
      research].

PMID- 3870322
TI  - [Selected case reports of combined orthodontic and prosthetic treatment of
      adolescent patients].

PMID- 3870323
TI  - [Special considerations in the prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with facial
      defects].

PMID- 3870324
TI  - [Effect of immediate denture treatment on the remodeling of the alveolar process
      in the incisor region and its practical consequences].

PMID- 3870325
TI  - [Cementifying fibroma. Presentation of a case].

PMID- 3870326
TI  - [Changes in oral soft tissues in Bahian fishermen].

PMID- 3870327
TI  - [Acquired anomalies due to bad habits].

PMID- 3870328
TI  - [Endo-perio lesions].

PMID- 3870329
TI  - [Number of canals in the distal root of the lower 1st molars].

PMID- 3870330
TI  - [Chromosome aberrations in leukemia].

PMID- 3870331
TI  - [Furcal involvement and anatomical factors].

PMID- 3870332
TI  - [Partial characteristics of alkaline phosphatase extracted from bovine dental
      pulp].

PMID- 3870333
TI  - [Treatment plans in orthodontic therapy according to the Tweed school: Class II
      div 1 malocclusion without extractions].

PMID- 3870334
TI  - [Statistical analysis of the average values of mesiodistal diameters, the
      thickness of the enamel and of the dentin in deciduous teeth].

PMID- 3870335
TI  - [Incidence of 3d molar dysodontiasis in dental pathology].

PMID- 3870336
TI  - [Clinical and etiopathogenetic considerations in a case of a retained
      supernumerary incisor].

PMID- 3870337
TI  - [Central giant cell tumor of the jaw bone].

PMID- 3870338
TI  - [Ameloblastic carcinoma of the upper jaw].

PMID- 3870339
TI  - [Etiopathogenesis of bone cavities in the mandible: report of a clinical case].

PMID- 3870340
TI  - [A rare case of congenital epulis. Clinical considerations].

PMID- 3870341
TI  - [Fluoride: systemic equilibration and its effect on metabolism].

PMID- 3870343
TI  - [Mercury toxicity through dental use].

PMID- 3870342
TI  - [The use of fluoride toothpaste in fluoride prevention programs].

PMID- 3870344
TI  - [Marketing considerations for orthodontic wires].

PMID- 3870345
TI  - Urate-oxidase as hypouricemic agent in a case of acute tumor lysis syndrome.

PMID- 3870346
TI  - Scientific and policy progress toward gene therapy.

PMID- 3870347
TI  - [Diagnostic possibilities in lymphadenopathy syndrome and AIDS].

PMID- 3870348
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the temporomandibular joint: clinical and research
      potentials.

PMID- 3870349
TI  - Radiographic signs of temporomandibular joint diseases: an investigation
      utilizing X-ray computed tomography.

PMID- 3870350
TI  - Transverse myelopathy and hyperphagia in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case
      report.

PMID- 3870351
TI  - [Characteristics of transduction in Erwinia by phage 59].
AB  - A temperate bacteriophage 59 from polylysogenic strain Erwinia carotovora 268
      transduces the following genetic markers: arg+, ilv+, leu+, met+, thr+, thy+,
      trp+, ura+. The transduction frequencies varied from 1 x 10(-8)- to 1 x 10(-6)
      and dependent on the multiplicity of infection, UV-irradiation of transducing
      bacteriophage, the nature of phage lysates. The characteristics of single
      transductants have been studied. Analysis of the obtained results suggests
      bacteriophage 59 to perform the generalized transduction.

PMID- 3870352
TI  - [Transformation of the yeast Hansenula polymorpha by a hybrid plasmid containing
      the fragment of host DNA].
AB  - Spheroplasts of Hansenula polymorpha strain deficient in 2-isopropylmalate
      dehydrogenase have been shown to be transformed by the DNA of a hybrid plasmid
      pHRI, carrying the LEU2 gene from S. cerevisiae and 2.0 kilobase HindIII fragment
      of H. polymorpha genomic DNA. The frequency of transformants has reached 10(3)
      per 1 microgram of transforming DNA. Plasmid pHRI is maintained in transformants
      as an autonomous circular DNA molecule and is inherited by 1-2% fraction of cells
      from the population growing under the selective conditions. Transformation takes
      place under the same conditions that are required for spheroplast fusion. Thus,
      H. polymorpha becomes one more species of yeast susceptible to hybrid plasmid
      mediated gene transfer in the process of DNA transformation.

PMID- 3870353
TI  - [Telescopic prostheses for greatly reduced dentition].

PMID- 3870354
TI  - [The effect of muscle strength on the stability of the complete upper denture].

PMID- 3870355
TI  - [Characteristics of the motor neurons of the masticatory muscles].

PMID- 3870356
TI  - The relationship between surface roughness and adhesive properties of dental
      materials.

PMID- 3870357
TI  - [The effect of cadmium on dental tissues and salivary glands].

PMID- 3870358
TI  - [Status of the oral mucosa preceding leukoplakia using cytological evaluation].

PMID- 3870359
TI  - [Results of oral examinations of children in Children's Homes in 3 cities].

PMID- 3870360
TI  - [Repositioning of the fractured and displaced bones of the zygomatic arch with a
      2-pronged hook of our personal design].

PMID- 3870361
TI  - [A proposal for an orthodontic card based on an ergonomic documentation system].

PMID- 3870362
TI  - [The usefulness of the diagnosis of occluso-facial anomalies in clinical and
      epidemiological studies].

PMID- 3870363
TI  - [Arterial vascularization of the maxillary gingiva in the cat].

PMID- 3870364
TI  - [Sensitivity of bacterial strains isolated from inflamed periodontal tissues to
      antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents].

PMID- 3870365
TI  - [Solcoseryl adhesive paste in the treatment of oral mucosal diseases].

PMID- 3870366
TI  - [Acquired immune deficiency syndrome--(AIDS) in the light of a literature
      survey].

PMID- 3870367
TI  - [The use of Edan in stomatodynia].

PMID- 3870368
TI  - [Dental caries and periodontal diseases and immunological responses in patients
      with hemophilia].

PMID- 3870369
TI  - [The PIXE method of analysis of the amount of certain elements in dental hard
      tissues of children exposed to the toxic substances of zinc and lead from a
      metallurgy plant].

PMID- 3870370
TI  - [Analysis of zinc level in healthy teeth of men and women in relation to age].

PMID- 3870371
TI  - [Oxytalan fibers in the periodontium].

PMID- 3870372
TI  - [Evaluation of the preparation Biopulp on the basis of microbiological studies.
      Preliminary report].

PMID- 3870373
TI  - [Prevalence of yeasts in the oral cavity of elderly people].

PMID- 3870374
TI  - [Assessment of abrasive properties and ultrastructural appearance of certain
      toothpastes of Polish and foreign origin].

PMID- 3870375
TI  - [Evaluation of the results of treatment of maxillary sinus carcinomas].

PMID- 3870376
TI  - [Transposition of retained mandibular canine teeth].

PMID- 3870377
TI  - [Grading of bruxism intensity in adults].

PMID- 3870378
TI  - [Orthodontic treatment of siblings].

PMID- 3870379
TI  - [The diagnosis of pulp diseases in the deciduous teeth].

PMID- 3870380
TI  - [Use of dental hygienists in the health care system in Poland].

PMID- 3870381
TI  - [Anaerobes in maxillary osteitis, maxillary sinusitis caused by an oral fistula,
      and in inflamed pockets of the lower wisdom teeth].

PMID- 3870382
TI  - [Topography of oroantral fistulas].

PMID- 3870383
TI  - [The use of directly magnified radiographs in radiological studies of the
      mandible].

PMID- 3870384
TI  - [Statistical analysis of 261 cases of fractures of the zygomatomaxillary
      complex].

PMID- 3870385
TI  - [Facial profile in patients with bilateral complete maxillary clefts].

PMID- 3870386
TI  - [Computerized terminology and bibliography. Are they indispensable for the
      distribution of French-language orthodontic publications throughout the world and
      for the introduction of international works into France?].

PMID- 3870387
TI  - [Recurrence in orthodontics].

PMID- 3870388
TI  - [French Society of Orthodontics].

PMID- 3870389
TI  - [The relapse in orthodontics. A discussion].

PMID- 3870390
TI  - [Relapse and the stability of the mandibular incisor in terms of cephalometric
      goals].

PMID- 3870391
TI  - [Craniofacial architectural equilibrium in orthodontics and orthognathic
      surgery].

PMID- 3870392
TI  - [The sociocultural implication in oral perception: an attempt at stereognostic
      diagnosis].

PMID- 3870393
TI  - [Evaluation of anomalies of the vertical sense in orthodontics].

PMID- 3870394
TI  - [The edgewise appliance in the directional force system].

PMID- 3870395
TI  - [Class II and incisor repositioning].

PMID- 3870396
TI  - [Treatment of class II without incisor repositioning].

PMID- 3870397
TI  - [Status of the surface--methods and analysis. The case finish].

PMID- 3870398
TI  - [Viewpoint on using the microcomputer in orthodontic offices].

PMID- 3870399
TI  - [The rectangular arch technic].

PMID- 3870400
TI  - [Abandonment: another form of orthodontic failure. A critical study of the
      abandonment index in optimizing orthodontic treatment].

PMID- 3870401
TI  - [Leveling of the curve of Spee: a prognostic index].

PMID- 3870402
TI  - [Evaluation of the cephalometric norms for the young adult Frenchman].

PMID- 3870403
TI  - [Case study of hydrocephalus. 1. Craniometry and vestibular study].

PMID- 3870405
TI  - [Functional therapy in adults].

PMID- 3870404
TI  - [Case study of hydrocephalus. 2. Myometry].

PMID- 3870406
TI  - [Is lower incisor crowding, the classic sign of relapse, normal?].

PMID- 3870407
TI  - [Ontogenetic and sexual variability of the proportions of the facial tegumentary
      profile].

PMID- 3870408
TI  - [Statistical study of the author's own approach to the cutaneous nasion-menton
      equilibrium in cephalometry].

PMID- 3870409
TI  - [Salivary flora in relation to fixed orthodontic appliances].

PMID- 3870410
TI  - [Recorded measurement of variations in head posture in the sagittal plane using a
      gyrostatic apparatus].

PMID- 3870411
TI  - [Credibility of clinical determination of dental pulp disease using
      histopathological findings].

PMID- 3870412
TI  - [Effect of Propolis-gel in the treatment of gingival inflammation].

PMID- 3870413
TI  - [Dynamic concentration of calcium in serum and urine in patients with periodontal
      disease].

PMID- 3870414
TI  - [The causes of cleft palate and cleft lip].

PMID- 3870415
TI  - [Current understanding of the role of muscles in the formation of the skeletal
      structures of the face, jaw and dentoalveolar arches].

PMID- 3870416
TI  - [Use of single-component composition materials in dental practice].

PMID- 3870417
TI  - [The analysis of the interface surfaces of bioceramic implants and the jaw
      structures in dogs using electron microscopy].

PMID- 3870418
TI  - [Clinico-experimental evaluation of immobilization methods in the replantation
      treatment of teeth].

PMID- 3870419
TI  - [Histo-pathologic evaluation of replanted teeth. Experimental study in dogs].

PMID- 3870420
TI  - [Pathohistologic characteristics of granulomas and radicular cysts].

PMID- 3870421
TI  - [Serotonin and cardiovascular regulation: new aspects of hypertension. Satellite
      symposium of the Second European Meeting on Hypertension. Milan, 9 June 1985].

PMID- 3870422
TI  - Induction of differentiation of HL-60 cells by different agents and the
      phospholipid-sensitive Ca++ dependent protein phosphorylation system.

PMID- 3870423
TI  - [Clinico-hematic study of lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood].
AB  - The authors write their personal experience in 205 children with lymphoblastic
      leukemia. The disease has its peak incidence between 5 and 14 years, showing a
      preference for females and white individuals. The clinical form of presentation
      was "complete" (66.8%) or "incomplete" (33.2%). Most of the symptoms were due to
      leukemic infiltration of bone marrow and some other tissues. The amount of
      leukocytes was variable; most of the cases showed anemia and thrombocytopenia.
      However, a few patients had normal values of hemoglobin and platelets, whose
      prognostic significance is discussed. After the FAB classification, the L1
      variety predominated. About 3.9% of the patients showed radiological bone
      alterations suggesting acute leukemia.

PMID- 3870424
TI  - [Vertebral parosteal osteoid osteoma: study of a rare case with dorsal
      localization].

PMID- 3870425
TI  - [Evaluation of the in vitro activity of enoxacin on bacterial strains recently
      isolated in a hospital milieu].
AB  - The in vitro activity of enoxacin, a new quinolone derivative, was tested against
      2180 bacterial strains, recently clinically isolated, by measuring the minimum
      inhibitory concentrations. Comparisons were made with other drugs (flumequine,
      oxolinic acid, pipemidic acid) widely utilized for the treatment of urinary tract
      infections. Enoxacin showed the highest activity against all the tested strains,
      with a geometrical mean of MICs (MG) of 0.39 micrograms/ml and a MIC 50 and MIC
      90 of 0.25 and 4 micrograms/ml, respectively.

PMID- 3870426
TI  - [Evaluation of the in vitro activity of cefotetan on bacterial strains of recent
      hospital isolation].
AB  - The in vitro activity of cefotetan, a new cephamycin antibiotic, was tested
      against 296 bacterial strains, recently clinically isolated, by measuring the
      minimum inhibitory concentrations. Comparisons were made with other drugs
      (cefoxitin, cefotaxime, piperacillin, rifampicin, clindamycin, tetracycline,
      chloramphenicol) widely utilized for the treatment of nosocomial infections.
      Cefotetan showed the highest activity against all the tested strains, with a
      geometrical mean of MICs (MG) of 0.32 and a MIC 50 and MIC 90 of 0.12 and 8
      micrograms/ml, respectively.

PMID- 3870427
TI  - [Sealant fillings for caries in school-age children. 3-year results].

PMID- 3870428
TI  - [Water fluoride concentration in the territory of U.S.L. 11 Pordenonese.
      Preliminary report].

PMID- 3870429
TI  - [A case of a retained tooth].

PMID- 3870430
TI  - [Principal oral manifestations in diabetic patients].

PMID- 3870432
TI  - [Loaiasis and its ocular impact in Central Africa].

PMID- 3870431
TI  - [Clinical observations on 3 cases of Behcet's syndrome].

PMID- 3870433
TI  - Brainstem auditory evoked responses in hereditary spinocerebellar ataxias.
AB  - Brainstem auditory evoked responses were recorded in 18 patients with
      spinocerebellar ataxia, seven with Friedreich's ataxia, four with late-onset
      cerebellar degeneration, and seven with olivopontocerebellar atrophy. All
      patients had normal hearing. BAERs were abnormal in 10 cases (58%). Five of the
      seven patients with Friedreich's ataxia (71%) had grossly abnormal BAERs with
      wave I only being identified. Five of the patients with olivopontocerebellar
      atrophy (71%) had abnormal BAERs, whereas all patients with cerebellar
      degeneration had normal BAERs. The results indicate abnormalities of the
      brainstem auditory pathways in patients with spinocerebellar ataxias and show
      that the test is of value in the differential diagnosis of this group of
      disorders.

PMID- 3870435
TI  - [A new health profession: dentistry].

PMID- 3870434
TI  - Cerebral abscess in leukaemia: an unusual presentation of a rare complication.
AB  - An instance of cerebral abscess presenting with episodes of palinopsia occurred
      in a patient suffering from acute myelogenous leukaemia. Palinopsia is a very
      uncommon symptom in cerebral disease. Review of hospital autopsy records for a
      decade revealed 280 other instances of haematological malignancy, in only one of
      which a cerebral abscess was also present.

PMID- 3870436
TI  - [Work positions of dental equipment].

PMID- 3870437
TI  - The neuroleptic malignant syndrome: occurrence in a 15-year-old boy and recovery
      with bromocriptine therapy.
AB  - The neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an idiosyncratic reaction to
      neuroleptic medication not previously described in the pediatric literature. It
      is characterized by hyperthermia, extrapyramidal disorders, decreased level of
      consciousness and autonomic dysfunction. A 15-year-old boy with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia developed the NMS after a brief exposure to chlorpromazine
      and promethazine. He responded favorably to the dopamine agonist bromocriptine. A
      review of the recent literature suggests bromocriptine as the most efficacious
      specific therapy. Management of the NMS includes immediate discontinuation of all
      neuroleptic agents, intense supportive care and prompt institution of
      bromocriptine therapy.

PMID- 3870438
TI  - Anatomical parameters and electronmicroscopic study of reindeer lung.

PMID- 3870439
TI  - The effect of phenmetrazine on performance of irradiated rats.

PMID- 3870440
TI  - Modification of the response of rats to acute exposure to nitrogen dioxide by
      sodium salicylate.

PMID- 3870441
TI  - Vaginal hysterectomy--technique and results in the last 19 years.

PMID- 3870442
TI  - Ectopia cordis. A case of the thoracoabdominal type and double outlet two
      chambered right ventricle.

PMID- 3870443
TI  - Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). The results of the
      catheterization investigation of HOCM under rest condition and during the
      provocative manoeuvers.

PMID- 3870444
TI  - [How some serious diseases affect the mean life span of the Czechoslovak
      population].

PMID- 3870445
TI  - Composition and topography of cellular lining in lung acinus of some mammalians.

PMID- 3870446
TI  - Relation between thallium scintigraphy, coronarography, and appropriate working
      capacity in patients with ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 3870447
TI  - The effects of nacartocin and oxytocin on the cardiovascular system of rabbits in
      vivo.

PMID- 3870448
TI  - Reactivity to the electric shocks and motor depression as a consequence of
      inescapable shocking: the effect of acute caffeine treatment.

PMID- 3870449
TI  - [Cardiovascular diseases and its relation to the utilization of hospital beds for
      patients].

PMID- 3870450
TI  - Assessment of various types of repair in the treatment of combined arterial and
      venous injuries of limbs and their influence on muscle blood flow: an
      experimental study.

PMID- 3870451
TI  - Comparison of different averaging techniques applied to simulated visual evoked
      potentials.

PMID- 3870453
TI  - Functional sites on Ia molecules.

PMID- 3870452
TI  - Noninvasive examination of left ventricular function in disorders of the thyroid
      gland function.

PMID- 3870454
TI  - [Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (adenoameloblastoma)].

PMID- 3870455
TI  - [A new accessory masticatory muscle: the menisco-mandibular muscle].

PMID- 3870456
TI  - [Collagen fibers in a prenatal mandibular condyle study].

PMID- 3870457
TI  - [The buccinator muscle. Macroscopic morphology in the adult].

PMID- 3870458
TI  - [Apicoectomy. Retrograde obturation with previously sterilized silver amalgam].

PMID- 3870459
TI  - [Pathology of oral pemphigus].

PMID- 3870460
TI  - [Developmental odontogenic cysts].

PMID- 3870461
TI  - [Gorlin cysts. Report of 4 cases].

PMID- 3870462
TI  - Influence of intensive induction and consolidation therapy in acute lymphoblastic
      leukaemia in children.

PMID- 3870463
TI  - Public service and ethical norms.

PMID- 3870464
TI  - The family genogram: an underutilized clinical tool.

PMID- 3870465
TI  - Compliance and compliance-improving strategies in hypertension: the Japanese
      experience.
AB  - The clinical records of 1187 patients starting antihypertensive treatment during
      the period 1969-1979 were reviewed at the end of 1983. The annual drop-out rate
      was 21.0% in the first year, decreased in subsequent years and was about 1% after
      five years. The medication compliance of 381 patients was estimated by interview
      in 1980. Of all 381 patients, 243 (63.8%) reported taking 95-100% of prescribed
      drugs. Medication compliance was related to the frequency and timing of dosing
      rather than to the number of drugs. Once daily regimens had better compliance
      than three times daily ones, and medication compliance was greatest for morning
      dosing, second greatest for evening dosing, and least for dosing at noon.
      Repeated assessment of medication compliance on three successive years was
      followed by gradual improvement of compliance without any other intervention.

PMID- 3870466
TI  - Clinical evaluation of semiautomatic blood pressure devices for self-recording.
AB  - Sixteen semiautomatic blood pressure devices for self-recording were compared
      with a Hawksley random zero sphygmomanometer using three criteria for
      determination of accuracy: correlation analysis; mean differences; standard
      deviation of mean differences. Only one of the tested instruments showed
      excellent results, but three other devices had satisfactory accuracy of blood
      pressure recording. These devices could be recommended for self-recording by
      patients. Only minor differences were found between the devices as regards
      reliability and convenience in use.

PMID- 3870467
TI  - Does self-measurement of blood pressure improve patient compliance in
      hypertension?
AB  - Compliance with antihypertensive therapy was measured before and after
      distribution of non-automatic blood pressure devices. After 2 weeks of placebo
      treatment, 37 patients were treated with an antihypertensive combination drug
      containing triamterene. Adherence to therapy was assessed over 8 months by
      measuring urine fluorescence due to triamterene at intervals of 2-4 weeks,
      unknown to the patients. After 3 months of therapy, all patients, not just those
      with poor compliance, were given blood pressure devices and were carefully
      instructed in their use. The results showed that self-recording of blood pressure
      increased the compliance rate in the total group from 65% at the beginning of the
      study to 81% at the end. In those who initially showed poor compliance, there was
      an increase in compliance from 0 to 70% after self-measuring of blood pressure
      was introduced. We conclude that self-recording of blood pressure may be of value
      in patients with unsatisfactory blood pressure responses in whom poor compliance
      is suspected.

PMID- 3870468
TI  - Compliance in elderly hypertensives.
AB  - Hypertension is common in the elderly. While it is possible to reduce blood
      pressure in this age group, the value of such treatment in terms of reduced
      mortality and morbidity is unknown. The effects of a prescribed regimen depends
      inter alia on compliance. Therefore, this variable must be taken into account in
      assessing drug treatment in the elderly hypertensive. In general, the elderly
      comply well with drug treatment but there are a number of well defined problems
      in this age group.

PMID- 3870469
TI  - Improvement of the physician's awareness of psychological problems of
      hypertensive patients.

PMID- 3870470
TI  - Psychological approaches to improve patient compliance.
AB  - Since mild hypertension causes no symptoms, patient compliance is a particular
      problem. Group therapy was used to improve patients' knowledge of their
      condition, and to combat contributory factors such as obesity, smoking and high
      salt intake. The programme was developed with the help of medical psychologists
      and was assessed in 25 general practices. The group therapy programme resulted in
      significant reductions of blood pressure and body weight which were maintained
      for one year. The method seems suitable for use in general practice.

PMID- 3870471
TI  - Role of paraprofessionals in improving compliance with antihypertensive
      treatment.
AB  - Community blood pressure (BP) surveys in the past indicated that less than 25% of
      the total hypertensive population was under good BP control. Over the past decade
      there has been a systematic attempt to involve paraprofessionals in community
      based hypertension control programmes. Highly successful model programmes have
      used either a health-care team or a physician with a specially trained nurse
      approach, with good BP control being achieved by the active involvement of
      paraprofessionals in the treatment process. Patients in these special programmes
      are more likely to be on antihypertensive medication, are more compliant with
      prescribed therapy and are less likely to drop out of care. On the other hand,
      the utilization of paraprofessionals to monitor the antihypertensive care of
      patients with uncontrolled hypertension at regular intervals does not
      significantly improve BP control, nor does it substantially alter medication
      compliance or lower the treatment drop out rate. Hypertension control programmes
      targeted at special groups, such as working men and women and designed to link
      identified individuals with uncontrolled hypertension to a source of medical
      care, are associated with a significant improvement in BP control, indicating the
      potential usefulness of such screening programmes.

PMID- 3870472
TI  - Physician behaviour and compliance.
AB  - Four major components are involved in physician behaviour that may impact on
      patient compliance with treatment regimens: compassion, communication, activating
      patient self-motivation and shared responsibility with the patient. An attitude
      of concern coupled with hope and interest in the patient's future well-being
      effect compliance. Other facets of compliance may be outside the physician's
      control: factors within the patient or within the environment and factors
      intrinsic to hypertension in itself suggest that physician behaviour is the
      factor most easily controlled by the physician to enhance compliance.

PMID- 3870473
TI  - Physician compliance in the management of hypertensive patients.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate prospectively the value of
      different forms of intervention in the quality of diagnosis and treatment of
      essential hypertension in an Outpatient Clinic. In a first phase (phase 0) 115
      patients with a blood pressure of greater than or equal to 140/greater than or
      equal to 90 mmHg at the initial visit in our Outpatient Clinic were registered.
      After a 3 months period the charts of these patients were reviewed. This review
      revealed that 61 (53%) of these patients were not followed by the treating
      physicians and that half of the patients who had an elevated blood pressure at
      the second visit and thereby an indication for therapy were not treated. In a
      first intervention the results of this investigation were discussed with the
      treating physicians and the necessity for an improved management of patients with
      essential hypertension was pointed out. After this intervention 116 patients with
      a blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/greater than or equal to 90 mmHg
      were again followed for 3 months without knowledge of the treating physicians
      (phase 1). The chart review of these patients revealed no improvement in the
      management of the patients, 57% of these 116 patients were again not followed by
      the treating physicians and 48% of the patients identified by a follow-up visit
      as hypertensives were not treated. Thereafter a second intervention took place
      which included a nurse who scheduled 295 patients with an initial blood pressure
      of greater than or equal to 140/greater than or equal to 90 mmHg automatically
      for a follow-up visit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3870474
TI  - Work-site as locus for hypertension care.
AB  - The widespread failure to control high blood pressure (BP) reflects a mismatch
      between therapist, treatment and patient. Occupationally based programmes which
      have transformed the method of care, as well as its relationship to the patient,
      have achieved signal success. Examination of the specific impact of locus of
      treatment reveals a small but measurable benefit of on-site therapy. Closer
      inspection reveals that it is the context in which the care is rendered rather
      than its physical location that is responsible for the satisfactory outcomes
      achieved. The locus of care, however, cannot be separated from its environment.
      Occupationally based programmes that are patient-centred, supportive and provide
      appropriate intervention succeed 'on' or 'off' site. The lesson for conventional
      sources of care, wherever they exist, is to reorient the process of care and its
      relation to the patient to over come the disincentives to persistence in
      successful care.

PMID- 3870475
TI  - Compliance with weight reduction in hypertensive patients.
AB  - There is a correlation between body weight or obesity and blood pressure in the
      population, and most hypertensive patients are overweight. Weight reduction of 6
      kg or more reduces blood pressure by an average of 15/9 mmHg even if the ideal
      body weight is not attained, and this is not explained by changes in salt intake
      or by measurement artefact due to the fat arm. Some form of calorie restriction
      is the mainstay of managing obesity in hypertensive patients, and those referred
      to a dietitian lose significantly more weight tham those given a diet sheet by a
      doctor or given no specific advice. About 50% of patients referred to a dietitian
      reduce their body weight by 6 kg or more. There is a tendency to regain weight in
      the long-term, but after four years more than one third of patients remain at
      least 6 kg below their initial weight. Men seem to lose relatively little weight
      whether or not they are referred to a dietitian, whereas women referred to a
      dietitian achieve substantial and sustained weight loss.

PMID- 3870477
TI  - Symposium on compliance-improving strategies in hypertension. Satellite symposium
      to the 10th scientific meeting of the International Society of Hypertension. 15
      16 June 1984, Flims, Switzerland.

PMID- 3870476
TI  - The scored tablet--a source of error in drug dosing?
AB  - To determine the weight deviation of scored tablets after breaking we took 100
      tablets of each of 34 brands of commercially available antihypertensive drugs and
      broke them into two, using the scored line. We graded the weights of the tablet
      halves according to their deviation from the expected weight (1 = less than or
      equal to +/- 5%, 11 = +/- 6-10%, 111 = greater than or equal to +/- 10%). The
      brands were ranked by the proportion of tablet halves (n = 200) in each category.
      Only seven brands divided very accurately and 11 brands divided reasonably
      accurately. Despite the scored line the remainder were either moderately (n = 10)
      or absolutely (n = 6) unsuitable for breaking, by hand or otherwise. A high
      proportion of these tablet halves showed weight deviations of 6-10% or more than
      10% when compared to the expected weight. These findings show that a great number
      of antihypertensive drugs do not break evenly despite a scored line. This leads
      to inaccuracy of dosage.

PMID- 3870478
TI  - [Examples of the usefulness of tumor biological markers in the diagnosis and
      follow-up of various tumors].
AB  - As an example of the usefulness of biological tumor markers for the diagnosis and
      following up of some tumors, the author reviews briefly their application in lung
      cancer, breast cervix uteri, prostate cancer and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 3870479
TI  - [Various aspects of mast cell behavior in the inflammatory reaction induced by
      the inoculation of particles of autoclaved and non-autoclaved dental calculus.
      Experimental study in guinea pigs].

PMID- 3870480
TI  - [Nasal packing in Rattus norvegicus albinus: use of antibiotics to prevent
      collateral effects with the purpose of reducing the rat mortality index].

PMID- 3870481
TI  - [Susceptibility of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans isolated from human
      periodontal lesions to antimicrobiol drugs].

PMID- 3870483
TI  - [Eruption of the deciduous teeth and its manifestations in the child].

PMID- 3870482
TI  - [Fracture of the alveolar bone during exodontia].

PMID- 3870484
TI  - [The effect of 2% calcium citrate on the incidence of caries in rats].

PMID- 3870485
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy study of the bone surface of the mandible in the
      monkey Cebus apella. Part I. Vestibular surface of the mental region].

PMID- 3870486
TI  - [Prevalence of dental caries in deciduous teeth in school children with and
      without fluoride treatment].

PMID- 3870487
TI  - [Mesiodistal measurement of the mamelon of the occlusal edge of the permanent
      upper central incisor].

PMID- 3870488
TI  - Pharmacotoxic myocardial disease: an endomyocardial study.
AB  - Drug-induced toxic changes in the myocardium have become an increasing problem.
      The effect of drugs on heart morphology may be acute or cumulative. In general,
      adverse drug reactions manifest themselves as myocarditis (toxic or
      hypersensitivity), cardiomyopathy with chamber dilatation, or restrictive
      disease. Drugs affecting embryologic development of the heart will not be
      discussed. Drugs causing myocarditis can be divided into: toxic myocarditis,
      e.g., cyclophosphamide. The morphologic changes are dose-related and have lesions
      of different ages, which include myocyte necrosis with hemorrhage and vasculitis.
      Fibrous endocarditis, e.g., methysergide. These reactions include thickening of
      the endocardium and sometimes the cardiac valves with fibrosis. Drugs causing
      hypersensitivity myocarditis, e.g., thiazide diuretics. In this case, the lesions
      are not dose-related, are the same age, and there is an eosinophilic infiltrate.
      Drugs causing cardiomyopathic-like changes of ventricular dilatation and failure,
      e.g., anthracyclines, particularly adriamycin. This group of drugs cause a
      gradual myofibrillar loss within cardiac myocytes and a sarcotubular dilatation
      which is characteristic. The damaged cells are replaced by fibrosis and
      ventricular failure ensues. With the rapid synthesis of new drugs, the problem of
      drug cardiotoxicity may be an ever-increasing problem. With the more widespread
      use of the endomyocardial biopsy, drug-induced heart disease can be documented
      and the effects of different methods of drug delivery and pharmacologic
      antagonists studied.

PMID- 3870489
TI  - Diagnostic evaluation of Ga67 scanning of recurrences of head and neck
      carcinomas.

PMID- 3870490
TI  - Criteria and methods for quality assurance in medical X-ray diagnosis.
      Proceedings of the scientific seminar. Udine, Italy, 17-19 April 1984.

PMID- 3870491
TI  - Coming attractions--the new asthma drugs.

PMID- 3870492
TI  - Indoor air pollution.
AB  - Although official efforts to control air pollution have traditionally focused on
      outdoor air, it is now apparent that elevated contaminant concentrations are
      common inside some private and public buildings. Concerns about potential public
      health problems due to indoor air pollution are based on evidence that urban
      residents typically spend more than 90 percent of their time indoors,
      concentrations of some contaminants are higher indoors than outdoors, and for
      some pollutants personal exposures are not characterized adequately by outdoor
      measurements. Among the more important indoor contaminants associated with health
      or irritation effects are passive tobacco smoke, radon decay products, carbon
      monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, asbestos fibers, microorganisms and
      aeroallergens. Efforts to assess health risks associated with indoor air
      pollution are limited by insufficient information about the number of people
      exposed, the pattern and severity of exposures, and the health consequences of
      exposures. An overall strategy should be developed to investigate indoor
      exposures, health effects, control options, and public policy alternatives.

PMID- 3870493
TI  - Creating an indoor environmental problem from a nonproblem: a need for cautious
      evaluation of antibodies against hapten-protein complexes.
AB  - An epidemic of illness in three schools in New York State occurred in early 1983.
      An epidemiological review of the problem led to the conclusion that some of the
      symptoms could have been explained by irritant reactions to boiler exhaust gases
      but that a major factor was likely public concern about environmental
      contamination and heightened awareness of common minor symptoms and of
      exacerbations of chronic illnesses. Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) from
      polyurethane insulation had previously been suspected as a potential cause. An
      earlier investigation had found low levels of anti MDI-human serum albumin in a
      small number of subjects who did not have typical symptoms of identified MDI or
      other hypersensitivity syndromes. Similar antibodies were found in two of nine
      unaffected children in Chicago, who served as a comparison group. The
      identification of these antibodies, however, was inappropriately used to support
      the idea of a school contaminated with MDI in spite of the absence of detectable
      MDI in the environment. The availability of highly sensitive immunoassays should
      not be inappropriately used to accelerate the fear of environmental toxins when
      there is no clinical correlation.

PMID- 3870494
TI  - The indoor airborne fungi.
AB  - Air, indoor or outdoor, is never completely free of fungal spores; however, their
      types and quantities will depend upon geographic location, the time of the day or
      year, meteorological conditions, and surrounding flora and fauna. The influence
      of the outdoor fungal flora on the indoor has been documented; however, it is an
      accepted fact that the indoor airborne fungi, regardless of the type of homes or
      dwellings, come from two sources: the outdoor air and the indoor fungal
      colonization. Such colonization found mainly in the basement, followed by the
      bathroom, the kitchen and every wet, dark and poorly ventilated area of the home.
      Preventing a home from becoming mouldy is ten times easier than trying to
      eliminate the fungal colonization within such a home.

PMID- 3870495
TI  - Pollen studies in a hospital air-conditioned room.
AB  - Pollen slides were exposed daily for a week at the height of the ragweed season
      for 2 successive years. They were placed in a hospital air-conditioned room, an
      adjacent room which was not air-conditioned, and outdoors on the roof of an
      office building in downtown Providence, R.I. The air-conditioning apparatus was
      quite successful in removing pollen and mold spores from the room with much lower
      counts than from non air-conditioned rooms. Even in the non air-conditioned room
      the quantity of pollen and spores was drastically lower than those found outside,
      suggesting that clinical improvement should occur by simply being indoors. Pollen
      trapped in a room may stay there for some time beyond its usual outdoor season.

PMID- 3870496
TI  - Recent advances in house dust allergy: case reports and review.
AB  - House dust allergy is very common in Eastern Massachusetts. The house dust mite
      is a major allergen in both bronchial asthma and perennial allergic rhinitis
      especially in children and adolescents. Environmental control measures in the
      bedroom are very helpful in reducing allergic symptoms in many patients. In
      selected cases immunotherapy with D. farinae appears to be helpful. There is an
      urgent need for the availability of a safe chemical to decrease mite population
      in the home. More immunological studies are needed on mite allergy and mite
      immunotherapy.

PMID- 3870497
TI  - House dust mites.

PMID- 3870498
TI  - Advances in the diagnosis and management of penicillin allergy.
AB  - IgE-mediated acute systemic reactions to penicillin continue to be an important
      clinical problem. Advances in our understanding of the immunochemistry of
      penicillin allergy have improved our ability to predict and to avoid these
      reactions. Immunodiagnostic techniques can identify patients at risk for
      anaphylaxis to beta-lactam antibiotics with a high degree of precision. Clinical
      and immunologic studies have demonstrated that penicillin allergic subjects may
      have allergic reactions to cephalosporins although the absolute frequency of
      clinical cross-reactions is not clear. If beta-lactam drugs are needed for
      treatment of penicillin allergic patients, acute desensitization appears to be an
      acceptably safe procedure for avoiding anaphylaxis.

PMID- 3870499
TI  - Treatment of venereal disease in the penicillin-allergic patient: administration
      of penicillin following testing with major and minor determinants.
AB  - We describe the administration of penicillin for venereal disease in three
      penicillin-allergic patients for whom alternative antibiotics were not considered
      suitable. Each patient was skin test negative to the major penicillin determinant
      benzylpenicilloyl-polylysine and a minor determinant mixture of potassium
      penicillin, benzylpenicilloate and benzylpenicilloyl-n-propylamine provided by
      the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Therapeutic doses of
      penicillin were administered without anaphylaxis, but one patient developed serum
      sickness on day five following benzylpenicillin. The skin testing results were
      determined within 30 minutes such that penicillin or its derivatives could be
      administered safely and rapidly to seriously ill patients, i.e. disseminated
      gonococcemia. When treating neurosyphilis or disseminated gonococcal infection
      for which non-penicillin therapy is unacceptable, use of the current skin test
      reagents provides a level of safety in avoiding anaphylaxis not previously
      attainable.

PMID- 3870501
TI  - The relevance of inhalant and food allergens to the etiology and management of
      patients with atopic dermatitis.
AB  - Patients with atopic dermatitis have IgE antibodies to common environmental
      antigens, both foods and inhalants. Such antibodies are probably relevant and
      exposure to the corresponding antigens can give rise to eczema. Nevertheless, the
      mechanisms involved and the role of other etiologies, e.g. contact reactions,
      remain to be elucidated. Patients with atopic dermatitis should have
      comprehensive evaluations to determine the role of environmental antigens.

PMID- 3870500
TI  - Responses of human airways to inhaled chemicals.
AB  - A variety of complex pulmonary immunologic responses may follow the inhalation of
      reactive chemical haptens. Trimellitic anhydride (TMA) is an industrial chemical
      used as a plasticizer (and serves as a model of occupational immunologic lung
      disease). Sensitization to TMA can take several forms--IgE-mediated asthma and
      rhinitis, a late reaction in the lung which resembles hypersensitivity
      pneumonitis and an irritated airways syndrome. Antibody studies show that TMA can
      combine with bodily constituents to form new antigenic determinants (NADs) which
      are probably the most immunogenic form of the compound.

PMID- 3870502
TI  - Eosinophils: role in asthma, allergy and parasite immunity.
AB  - The distinct features of the eosinophil include their content of large
      crystalloid granules which contain a number of unique basic proteins, and their
      capacity to selectively generate the SRS-A, sulphidopeptide leukotrienes.
      Eosinophil-derived products probably play an important role in the destruction of
      helminthic larvae but in some situations, for instance, chronic bronchial asthma
      and the hypereosinophilic syndrome, the cell might be responsible for
      considerable tissue damage. Eosinophils can be activated, in vitro, by a variety
      of agents which include factors associated with eosinophil maturation, mast cell
      products and other substances released during allergic tissue reactions and other
      inflammatory processes. At the present time there is growing interest in the fact
      that in many conditions associated with eosinophilia there is a population of
      light density "activated" cells which, in a variety of biological systems,
      respond more vigorously than normal ("normodense") eosinophils. Knowledge of
      eosinophils and eosinophil-associated events is growing rapidly and there is a
      need to modify continuously our views on the precise role(s) of the eosinophil in
      the light of these new findings.

PMID- 3870503
TI  - Immunologic aspects of eosinophilia.
AB  - There is compelling investigative data to indicate that the eosinophil may be
      more than just coincidentally involved in immune system function. In concert with
      IgE and the mast cell it is likely that eosinophil actions evolved as an early
      host defense mechanism against helminth parasites. Thus, a reasonable basis
      exists for the concept that in the evolutionary scheme there emerged genetically
      endowed humans with the potential for mounting immediate hypersensitivity
      responses to multicellular and complex antigenic particulates and animal and
      plant products, e.g., pollens and danders; hence the atopic state, allergic
      reactivity and the eosinophil. In many instances there is reason to interpret and
      ascribe a benign nature to eosinophil accumulations. In other circumstances,
      associations with hypersensitivity inflammation, for better or for worse, are
      viewed with special interest by eosinophil watchers as the unraveling of allergic
      phenomena continues.

PMID- 3870504
TI  - Non allergic rhinitis: demography of eosinophils in nasal smear, blood total
      eosinophil counts and IgE levels.
AB  - Seventy-eight consecutive patients with non allergic rhinitis (negative allergy
      skin tests) were evaluated and classified as to possible causes using strict
      criteria. Sixty-one percent had vasomotor rhinitis (VMR), 33% had non allergic
      rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES), 16% had sinusitis, 12% had a
      possible hidden allergy (elevated IgE), 4% had blood eosinophilic non allergic
      rhinitis (BENAR) and 2% had hypothyroidism. Some overlapping of diagnosis was
      present. Five per cent or greater eosinophils in the nasal smear appeared to be
      enough to consider the diagnosis of NARES. Sinusitis tended to be more
      significant in the NARES group compared to VMR. BENARS may be a new syndrome. It
      differs from NARES in that BENARS has markedly elevated blood eosinophilia and
      possibly no associated sinusitis. It is similar to NARES in that it has negative
      allergy skin test, normal serum IgE, and eosinophils in nasal secretions. Other
      causes of eosinophilia were excluded in our NARES and BENARS groups.

PMID- 3870505
TI  - Marked peripheral eosinophilia: a clue to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
      in office practice.
AB  - Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) is not rare. A diagnosis of
      "clinically probable ABPA" should be suspected in asthmatics who are not well
      controlled on adequate bronchodilators, who are steroid dependent or who have
      recurrent pulmonary infiltrates, and who also have a positive skin test with a
      separate aspergillus extract. Suspicion should also stimulate pursuit of this
      diagnosis in asthmatics with a total eosinophil count over 500 cells/mm3 or a
      total serum IgE level over 1,000 IU/ml. Early detection in office practice is
      feasible, practical, and may be critical to avoidance of permanent pulmonary
      damage.

PMID- 3870506
TI  - Fasciitis with eosinophilia: a case report.
AB  - The history, laboratory findings, and treatment of a patient with fasciitis and
      eosinophilia are presented. A review of approximately ninety (90) cases in the
      literature suggests that this inflammatory process is distinct from scleroderma.

PMID- 3870507
TI  - New insights into the role of the eosinophil in allergic disease.

PMID- 3870508
TI  - FDA: help our patients!

PMID- 3870509
TI  - [Radiotherapy of cancer of the upper airway and food passages].

PMID- 3870510
TI  - [Cervicofacial localizations of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Anatomo
      clinical and diagnostic aspects (apropos of 25 cases)].

PMID- 3870511
TI  - [Data on sedimentation rates in internal medicine].

PMID- 3870512
TI  - [Retarded height and celiac disease].

PMID- 3870513
TI  - [Neurologic manifestations in Wilson's disease. Clinical, biological, x-ray
      computed tomographic and developmental study of 11 cases].

PMID- 3870514
TI  - [Medico-social aspects of the Moroccan grand multipara (apropos of 400 cases)].

PMID- 3870515
TI  - [Mortality and morbidity of the conservative treatment of hydatid cyst of the
      liver].

PMID- 3870516
TI  - [A voluminous malignant tumor of the adrenal cortex].

PMID- 3870517
TI  - [A bizarre disorder: the gastric bezoar. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 3870518
TI  - Adaptive potential, stress, and illness in the elderly.

PMID- 3870519
TI  - Fleeing hysteria (chakore) among Ngawbere of northwestern Panama: a preliminary
      analysis and comparison with similar illness phenomena in other settings.

PMID- 3870520
TI  - Underdevelopment and the health care crisis in Nigeria.

PMID- 3870521
TI  - Childhood, health, and illness: beliefs and behaviors of urban American
      schoolchildren.

PMID- 3870522
TI  - Gender, aging, and mortality in Hutterite society: a critique of the doctrine of
      specific etiology.

PMID- 3870523
TI  - A study on the necessity of proficiency examination for nurses in Turkey.

PMID- 3870524
TI  - A nurse's view of Nicaragua: another side of the Sandinista story.

PMID- 3870525
TI  - Registered nurses: the barefoot doctors of the United States.

PMID- 3870526
TI  - How we developed a university program in nursing in Turkey.
AB  - While only the experiences of the faculty of the Florence Nightingale School of
      Nursing have been discussed, it is my belief that most of the steps would be
      desirable if not essential in the development of any university-level program.
      The following is a summarization of the six steps: 1. Select and appoint nurses
      as teachers who have had university-level preparation for their responsibilities
      of teaching, student supervision, and curriculum development in a higher
      educational program, or if necessary, arrange for nurses to secure such
      preparation prior to their appointment. 2. Formulate a philosophy of nursing and
      nursing education suitable for the country to guide the development of the school
      and its educational program. 3. Organize the faculty for curriculum development.
      4. Plan the curriculum including courses of study. 5. Plan for the administration
      of the educational program. 6. Recruit, interview applicants, and select
      students. The philosophy of the Florence Nightingale School of Nursing is based
      on the principle that a nurse should cooperate with other health professional
      workers to work in a constructive manner for the protection and development of
      the physical and mental health of community, family, and the individual. By
      establishing a university-level educational program in nursing, we feel confident
      that the young women who are graduated from our School will have a future that is
      unlimited in the opportunity to improve health care in Turkey.

PMID- 3870527
TI  - Job satisfaction: hospital-based R.N.s versus home health care R.N.s.

PMID- 3870528
TI  - Humanism as a philosophy for nursing.

PMID- 3870529
TI  - The dean--a role model in scholarly activities?

PMID- 3870530
TI  - Incorporation--an alternative for hospital nurses.

PMID- 3870531
TI  - The effects of the malpractice crisis on certified nurse-midwives.

PMID- 3870532
TI  - Nursing excellence--lessons from America's best-run companies.

PMID- 3870533
TI  - Time-lapse microcinematography of the effect of thiazolidine carboxylic acid
      (thioproline) upon tissue cultures.
AB  - This work deals with the effect of thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (thioproline)
      upon several in vitro established human cell lines. Times-lapse
      microcinematography is used to study the action of thioproline on HeLa cells,
      employing high doses during a short time, and continuous exposure to medium and
      small doses. The effect of thioproline in mixed cultures of HeLa cells and human
      lymphoblasts is described. Special attention is paid to the observed cell cycle
      phase specificity, and to the phenomenon described as reverse transformation that
      has been associated to the drug. Marked differences is the sensitivity to
      thioproline are observed for the different types of in vitro established cell
      lines. The effect is always produced during the G1 and S phases of the cell
      cycle. Cell changes are produced only after contacting with one another, and the
      biochemical reactions which are proper of cell contact inhibition of growth
      and/or genotypic reverse transformation were never observed, so that the
      mechanism of action of the drug has to be revised. From a morphodynamic point of
      view, thioproline is an interesting drug because it produces peculiar effects
      which differ markedly from those produced by the other cancer chemotherapy
      agents. Thioproline could prove to be useful for cancer chemotherapy if used in
      combination with other drugs, knowing that it is a low activity phase specific
      antineoplastic drug and not a drug producing reverse transformation.

PMID- 3870534
TI  - [Effect of tamoxifen on blood calcium and bone structure of normal and
      ovariectomized rats].
AB  - The effect of tamoxifen on calcaemia and framework was studied, both in normal
      and ovariectomized rats. Tamoxifen caused hypercalcaemia. Only in one of seven
      animals hypercalcaemia due tamoxifen was accompanied by radiological changes
      although no structural modification was histologically evident. In ovariectomized
      rats, tamoxifen dit not produce either hypercalcaemia or radiological changes.
      These data suggest that the antioestrogenic activity of tamoxifen is involved in
      the hypercalcaemia it produces.

PMID- 3870536
TI  - [Prolactin and human cancer of the breast. I. Levels of correlation].
AB  - The correlation between breast cancer and serum prolactin levels in women is not
      so clear as it is in experimental animals. The study described in this work shows
      that there are no significant differences in prolactin levels in normal women and
      breast cancer patients, but that there is a direct relation between prolactin
      level and tumor mass in every patient.

PMID- 3870535
TI  - [Experimental study of the effect of the association of hyperthermia and BCNU on
      solid sarcoma 180 in C3H mice. Development of tumor volume, survival and rate of
      cure].
AB  - The authors describe the experimental results of administering BCNU combined with
      hyperthermia upon the growth of sarcoma 180 of the mouse. Best results were
      obtained employing the combined therapy than using BCNU or hyperthermia alone,
      and hyperthermia was necessary in all cases where a curative effect was attained.

PMID- 3870537
TI  - [Prolactin and cancer of the breast. II. Prediction of the response to hormone
      treatment. The Minton test].
AB  - The prediction of the response to endocrine therapy in breast cancer is
      important. Although the estrogen receptor assay is a fundamental procedure to
      know hormone dependency in breast cancer, the changes produced in the serum
      prolactin level after administering L-dopa is a simple and reproducible method
      that can be used as alternative predictive test in some cases. This work shows
      that a 65 per 100 decrease or more in the L-dopa induced prolactin level
      prognosticates the existence of a hormone responsive tumor.

PMID- 3870538
TI  - [Determination of estrogen and progesterone receptors in cancer of the breast.
      Frequency of presentation and prognostic significance].
AB  - The assay of estrogen and progesterone receptors (RE and RP) is used to know the
      hormone dependency of breast tumors and to predict the response to endocrine
      therapy. In this study 68 per 100 of the patients were RE(+) within a range of 5
      to 180 fmol/mg, and 45 per 200 were RP(+) between 10 and 400 fmol/mg. The
      frequency and concentration increase with age. Significative variations were not
      observed in RE(+) for either frequency or concentration between primary and
      metastatic samples. There is a correlation between phenotypes RE(+) and RE(-) and
      histopathologic prognostic features.

PMID- 3870539
TI  - [Gastric carcinoma in Cantabria: I. Incidence and distribution].
AB  - We have proceeded to study the rate of incidence and distribution in Cantabria of
      six hundred and thirty two patients suffering from gastric carcinoma in a period
      of time ranging from 1970 to 1981. The rate of incidence being observed among
      this population amounts to 14.54, cases per one hundred thousand inhabitants and
      year between 1976-1981. This rate increases with age in women more than in men.
      We have also been able to see how those cases where the carcinoma has appeared at
      an early age, under thirty, concern females exclusively. Males have been affected
      by this pathology more than females in a proportion of 1.38:1. We have verified
      there exists a special geographical distribution of this kind of tumour in our
      region, being Reinosa the judicial district presenting the highest rate of
      incidence.

PMID- 3870540
TI  - [Gastric carcinoma in Cantabria: II. Histopathological aspects].
AB  - In this study we have proceeded to analyze the differences found in each
      histological type of gastric carcinoma according to age and sex, showing a
      predominance of tubular adenocarcinoma in advanced ages, affecting females, as an
      average, more than males. We have also found out how other histological types
      such as the signet ring cell adenocarcinoma tend to appear at an early age,
      concerning females preferably. We have also checked on the pathogenesis
      concerning the different histological types described by certain authors as to
      age and sex.

PMID- 3870541
TI  - [Gastric carcinoma in Cantabria: III. Anatomo-pathological factors of prognostic
      significance].
AB  - In the present study, we have proceeded to analyze different anatomo-pathological
      parametres concerning 638 gastric carcinomas, for a twelve year period between
      1970-1981, such as location and macroscopic aspect, tumoral extension and
      histological type, observing their prognosis in the case of curative surgery. We
      have also proceeded to analyze the rate of survival amounting to 5 years in all
      the patients being examined, depending on the therapeutical attitude in use. We
      then proceeded to compare our series with others already published, thus
      coinciding in the best prognosis as to tumoral location in antrum-pylorus with an
      ulcerated aspect, less depth as to intraparietal invasion, as well as an absence
      of ganglionar compromise and visceral metastasis. We also proceeded to analyze
      the rate of survival concerning the histological type, according to WHO
      classification.

PMID- 3870542
TI  - [Normal and pathological distribution of 131-m-iodobenzylguanidine in children.
      Contribution to the diagnosis of neuroblastoma].
AB  - A study is made about the normal and abnormal gammagraphic patterns with 131-I
      metaiodobenzylguanidine for the diagnosis of neuroblastoma in children. The
      authors find 100 per 100 positive results.

PMID- 3870543
TI  - [Effect of dexamethasone at the level of cerebral metastases. Evaluation by CT
      and nuclear medicine].
AB  - Thirty five patients with brain metastases and edema were treated with
      dexamethasone. The results were evaluated by cranial computed tomography and
      nuclear medicine. Edema was alleviated in 32 out of the 35 patients after a two
      weeks treatment.

PMID- 3870544
TI  - [Indications for radiotherapy in the superior vena cava syndrome].
AB  - The effect of radiotherapy upon the superior vena cava syndrome is studied. The
      treatment is never curative and the patients survive between 3 and 13 months, but
      it is useful in 80 per 100 of the cases to alleviate the edema and dyspnea that
      are always grave.

PMID- 3870545
TI  - Adolescent sexuality and pregnancy: Part Two.

PMID- 3870546
TI  - Counseling adolescents about sexuality.

PMID- 3870547
TI  - ESAO proceedings. European Society for Artificial Organs. XII annual meeting.
      Athens, Greece, September 16-19, 1985.

PMID- 3870548
TI  - Prevention of peritonitis during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)
      by Y-connected double bag systems.

PMID- 3870549
TI  - Sodium balance during hypertonic CAPD exchange.

PMID- 3870550
TI  - Pentose-phosphate shunt activity and red blood cell malonyldialdehyde levels in
      haemodialysis and in CAPD patients.
AB  - The baseline concentrations of MDA in the RBC membranes and the MDA production in
      the erythrocytes following stimulation with ascorbate and cyanide are compared in
      a group of uraemic patients on chronic haemodialysis and in one treated with
      CAPD. Lower baseline concentrations and smaller production of MDA following in
      vitro stimulation, point to a better function of the pentose-phosphate shunt in
      CAPD patients than in haemodialysis.

PMID- 3870552
TI  - Pressure controlled single needle hemodialysis using high flux dialysers and
      volume regulated ultrafiltration: the problem of dialysate back flow.

PMID- 3870551
TI  - Intraperitoneal heparin in CAPD.
AB  - In six patients on CAPD (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) the systemic
      effects of intraperitoneally administered heparin (5000 U) were investigated.
      Using a modification of a plasma heparin determination serial measurements of
      heparin concentration in dialysate were performed. During a dwell time of 4 hours
      the intraperitoneal heparin level decreased by 1825 +/- 253 U (mean +/- S.E.M.).
      Simultaneously the plasma anti-IIa-activity of heparin after 4 hours and the anti
      Xa-activity after 2 and 4 hours increased significantly (p less than or equal to
      0.05). The maximum of heparin activity after 4 hours was 0.015 +/- 0.001 U/ml and
      0.024 +/- 0.003 U/ml, respectively (mean +/- S.E.M.). An increase of activated
      partial thromboplastin time was not observed. The small increase of heparin
      activity in plasma is in contrast to reported activities measured after
      subcutaneous application of this dose of heparin. In CAPD the effect of heparin
      is largely restricted to the peritoneal cavity.

PMID- 3870553
TI  - Follow up of the thyroid function in patients (pts) in treatment with C.A.P.D.

PMID- 3870554
TI  - Calcium transport during hypertonic CAPD exchanges.

PMID- 3870555
TI  - Re-operation for aortic and mitral prosthetic dysfunctions.
AB  - The overall incidence of re-operation and prosthetic valve endocarditis was low
      in the present series as mechanical prostheses were used predominantly. The
      prosthetic dysfunctions were less frequent following the primary implantation
      with Bjork Shiley prostheses, but high operative risk was associated with the
      clotted Bjork Shiley prostheses. We also had unusual experience of strut fracture
      and sticking of Bjork Shiley discs in the closed position in both aortic and
      mitral positions. The early deaths were nil since the use of cardioplegic
      protection. Intra-operative bleeding due to adhesions can be minimised by using
      synthetic or heterologous pericardium during the primary operation.

PMID- 3870556
TI  - Ten year follow up of models 1260 and 2400 Starr-Edwards isolated aortic valve
      replacement.
AB  - In our experience the structural durability of the S-E models 1260 and 2400
      aortic prostheses is excellent, with no episodes of mechanical valve failure
      recorded over a 10 year period. Long term performance characteristics compare
      favourably with other published series and other prostheses, with a specifically
      low incidence of thromboembolism recorded. Such data will provide a useful
      comparison against newer prostheses in the search for the ideal cardiac valve
      substitute.

PMID- 3870557
TI  - An analysis of turbulent spectral energy distribution in the ascending aorta in
      humans with normal aortic valves and after insertion of Starr-Edwards and St.
      Jude aortic valves.

PMID- 3870558
TI  - Ten year clinical evaluation of isolated mitral and double valve replacement with
      the Starr-Edwards prostheses.

PMID- 3870559
TI  - Intraventricular pumping at the mitral ring in mitral regurgitation.
AB  - This study aims at evaluating the effect of a small spherical balloon functioning
      during acute mitral regurgitation. Acute mitral regurgitation was produced in 11
      mongrel dogs with a specially designed curved blade introduced through the left
      ventricular apex. Left atrial pressure, electrocardiogram, left ventricular
      pressure (in 8 dogs) and aortic flow (in 7 dogs) were monitored. The mean left
      atrial pressure increased by 9.45 +/- 2.44 mmHg (p less than 0.01) and the v wave
      by 14.09 +/- 2.94 mmHg (p less than 0.001). The systolic left ventricular
      pressure and the aortic flow decreased. The heart remained in sinus rhythm & the
      rate did not change significantly. After the production of mitral regurgitation,
      a small spherical balloon (9 to 16 cc capacity) mounted on a catheter was
      introduced to the left ventricle through the apex and positioned in the mitral
      ring. The balloon was inflated by means of a pump during systole and deflated
      during diastole. During its function the mean left atrial pressure decreased by
      4.37 +/- 0.84 mmHg (p less than 0.001) and the v wave by 8.64 +/- 1.23 mm Hg (p
      less than 0.001). The systolic left ventricular pressure and the aortic flow
      increased. The peak systolic gradient across the mitral valve increased by 20.5
      +/- 3.86 mmHg (p less than 0.01). The heart rate did not change. It is suggested
      that in acute mitral regurgitation the function of a small balloon could improve
      the hemodynamic condition by acting as a valve at the mitral ring for reduction
      of regurgitation and possibly by improving systolic function in severe heart
      failure.

PMID- 3870560
TI  - In vitro hemodynamics of 33 technical and biological heart valve prostheses.

PMID- 3870561
TI  - In vitro computerized evaluation of biological cardiac prosthesis calcification.
AB  - The late valvular bioprostheses failure is mainly related to leaflet
      calcification. This study reports a new approach to testing the biological
      prostheses calcification applying a computerized technique to x-ray picture. A
      bovine glutaraldehyde-fixed bioprostheses (BB) was implanted in two sheep in
      mitral position. The experimental procedure was performed on valves explanted six
      months after surgery. The BB x-ray pictures were tested by means of a video
      display computer (VDC) that can process radiographic, photographic or microscopic
      images and also evaluate the optical density of image quantifiable. The
      calcification zone assumes different values according to the calcification
      degree. The VDC can colour the BB x-ray images and display them on monitors (one
      black and white, one colour) with the colours strictly related to the grey levels
      of the image.

PMID- 3870562
TI  - Hemodialysis associated hypotension and dialysate temperature.
AB  - Incidence of intradialytic symptomatic hypotension was significantly reduced by
      lowering dialysate temperature from 37 degrees C to 35 degrees C. This
      improvement seems not to be mediated by temperature-induced changes in membrane
      biocompatibility, since leukocytes, platelets and complement activation were
      similar in both situations.

PMID- 3870563
TI  - Driving the artificial heart with constant air pressure or constant flow.

PMID- 3870564
TI  - Clinical application of the total artificial heart.

PMID- 3870565
TI  - Orthotopic univentricular artificial heart (OUAH).

PMID- 3870566
TI  - Comparative study of the implantation of a hybrid total artificial heart (TAH)
      TNS-BRNO-II and TNS-BRNO-VII.

PMID- 3870567
TI  - Automatic data collection and feed-back processing during cardiopulmonary bypass:
      a more physiologic approach of a patient under artificial ventilation and
      circulation.

PMID- 3870568
TI  - Symposium: Treatment of hypertension with mechanical devices.

PMID- 3870569
TI  - Polymorphonucleates activity in dialysis patients treated with different
      membranes.

PMID- 3870570
TI  - In vivo evaluation of a biventricular hydraulic heart assist device.

PMID- 3870571
TI  - Pharmacodynamics of dopamine and dobutamine on pulmonary circulation in sheep
      with left ventricular assist devices.

PMID- 3870572
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of an implanted abdominal aortic counterpulsation device
      designed for chronic use in graded heart failure.

PMID- 3870573
TI  - The spindle pump--a new concept for a nonpulsatile bloodpump.
AB  - The spindle pump--a new nonpulsatile bloodpump--has been developed as
      paracorporeal ventricular assist pump. The experiments with calves clearly
      demonstrated, that this pump as LVAD empties the left ventricle completely, the
      aortic pressure curve showing the typical nonpulsatile profil. A problem is the
      traumatic hemolysis, the free hemoglobin was in all experiments slightly but
      always above our standard. To solve this problem we will optimize shapes of the
      spindle and of the housing and coate all parts of the pump with polyurethane.

PMID- 3870574
TI  - Hemolytic effect of aortic cannula in pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass.

PMID- 3870575
TI  - Pressure volume parameters for optimal function of an intraaortic balloon without
      a pump.
AB  - An air filled intraaortic balloon connected to an extravascular air chamber
      (compression chamber system-CCS) was used in 10 anesthetized dogs to increase its
      stroke volume (SV). Highest SV increases (up to over 200%) were observed at low
      SV states, with a high CCS volume and with high increases of the systolic
      pressure. The CCS pressure--systolic pressure relationship was a sigmoid-like
      curve. In conclusion, highest SV's may be achieved at low SV states, using CCS
      volumes about 400 ml and the highest CCS pressure that may cause a linear aortic
      pressure increase.

PMID- 3870576
TI  - Treatment of profound left and biventricular failures using left ventricular
      assist device.

PMID- 3870578
TI  - Evaluation of hemolysis in extracorporeal circulation by granulocyte released
      elastase.

PMID- 3870577
TI  - Effects of the heart lung machine on factors of complement and prekallikrein
      kallikrein system using Fragmin as anticoagulant in an in vitro study.

PMID- 3870579
TI  - Effect of haemodialysis on coronary occlusion-reperfusion ventricular
      fibrillation.
AB  - The effect of (HD) on occlusion-reperfusion (VF) was studied in 22 dogs. The
      (LAD) coronary artery occlusion lasted 25 min, and followed by reperfusion for 30
      min, in 12 dogs with (HD) (group A) and in other 10 dogs (group B) without (HD).
      A significantly (p less than 0.05) lower frequency of appearance of (VF) during
      occlusion-reperfusion was seen in the group A undergoing (HD) (2 out of 12 dogs)
      in comparison to the control group B (7 out of 10 dogs). It is concluded that the
      (VF) of coronary occlusion-reperfusion can be prevented by a "non-pharmaceutical"
      intervention such as hemodialysis.

PMID- 3870580
TI  - The third generation of membrane oxygenators: evolution of concepts.

PMID- 3870581
TI  - Activation of granular cells during extracorporeal circulation--comparison
      between bubble-, membrane and hollowfiber oxygenators.
AB  - Summarizing our data we can say, that some hematologic disorders during
      extracorporeal circulation can be diminished by the use of new oxygenator types
      like the membrane and the Hollowfiber oxygenator. This correlates to the results
      of other research teams. In contrast to that the activation of the complement
      cascade is caused by the three systems in a similar way. Although we know, that
      the activation of the complement systems is only one of numerous reasons for
      postoperative pulmonary complications, we still must regard this as an important
      factor, so that the aim of further investigations should be to reduce complement
      activation during long term ECC.

PMID- 3870582
TI  - Carrier facilitated oxygen transport in dialysate during hemodialysis and
      extracorporeal oxygenation in rabbits.

PMID- 3870583
TI  - Cellulose acetate fibers for blood gas exchange in a pumpless model of hollow
      fiber oxygenator (HFO).

PMID- 3870584
TI  - Hospital discharge within 24 to 48 hours after initial transvenous VVI pacemaker
      implantation.

PMID- 3870585
TI  - Noninvasive chronic threshold measurements in VVI cardiac pacemakers: clinical
      value.

PMID- 3870586
TI  - Benefit of advanced technology in today's pacemaker therapy.

PMID- 3870587
TI  - Modulation of muscle force by recruitment and firing rate during multipolar nerve
      stimulation.

PMID- 3870588
TI  - Effect of acetate and bicarbonate dialysis on cardiac performance and transmural
      myocardial perfusion in patients with renal failure.
AB  - The object of the present study was to assess the haemodynamic changes measured
      by impedance cardiography during acetate and bicarbonate dialysis in uraemic
      patients without cardiovascular diseases. It was demonstrated that the cardiac
      output increased significantly after 60 minutes during acetate dialysis compared
      with bicarbonate dialysis while the peripheral resistance decreased significantly
      during acetate dialysis. As estimated by the diastolic systolic pressure time
      index ratio myocardial perfusion fell significantly following acetate dialysis as
      compared to bicarbonate dialysis. It is concluded that the work of the heart
      increases during acetate dialysis. This involves risk of myocardial
      hypoperfusion. It is therefore recommended that bicarbonate dialysis is the
      choice for patients with unstable circulation and/or ischaemic heart disease.

PMID- 3870589
TI  - Low colloid osmotic pressure improves liver preservation in the model of the
      isolated perfused guinea pig liver.
AB  - In order to study the effect of two perfusion solutes with a different oncotic
      level on the preservation of the isolated liver, we perfused 14 guinea pig livers
      with a modified KREBS-HENSELEIT buffer with either 3%- or 6% bovine albumin. The
      release of four selected plasma proteins, standard transaminases, potassium and
      urea and the degree of hepatic oxygen consumption were evaluated. The results
      show a superiority of the 3%-solution with improvement of the synthetic capacity
      for albumin and fibrinogen and, in contrast to the 6%-solution, a stable
      potassium level and hepatic oxygen consumption.

PMID- 3870590
TI  - Evaluation of liver function in an improved model of isolated liver perfusion.
AB  - A perfusion system was described for maintaining isolated guinea pig livers in a
      stable functional state for five hours. Oxygen supply, oxygen consumption, as
      well as perfusate flow were within physiologic limits. Liver function was
      investigated by means of indocyanine green elimination and galactose elimination.
      Both test substances showed no significant decrease in liver function throughout
      perfusion. Isolated liver perfusion is a useful tool to investigate problems in
      organ preservation and liver transplantation.

PMID- 3870591
TI  - Plasmapheresis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria aplastic crisis: clinical
      improvement and in vitro demonstration of plasma inhibitory activity on erythroid
      stem cells.
AB  - Plasmapheresis was used in a 51 year old woman with known PNH and aplastic crisis
      unresponsive to conventional treatment. A clinical and laboratory improvement was
      noted and an in vitro inhibition of BFU-E's obtained from patient's peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells was observed when autologous plasma or serum were added
      to cultures. The beneficial effect of plasmapheresis is though to be to the
      elimination of a plasma inhibitory factor responsible for the aplastic crisis in
      this PNH case that exerts its action to the committed erythroid progenitors as
      well.

PMID- 3870592
TI  - Effect of shear rate and transmembrane pressure on hemolysis in membrane
      plasmapheresis.

PMID- 3870593
TI  - Arteritis with acute renal failure: response to plasmapheresis treatment.

PMID- 3870594
TI  - Improvement in plasma protein clearance in a model membrane plasma separator
      employing sequential haemodilution and ultrafiltration.

PMID- 3870595
TI  - Selenium-deficiency as contributing factor to anemia and thrombocytopenia in
      dialysis patients.
AB  - Se is an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and thereby protects cells
      against peroxidation of their membrane lipids. Dialysis patients have
      significantly lower plasma Se levels than healthy controls. The obvious role of
      Se in protection against development of certain forms of cardiomyopathy was
      investigated for the case of blood cells. There is evidence that decreased half
      lives of erythrocytes and thrombocytes, found in dialysis patients, correlate
      with degree of Se deficiency.

PMID- 3870596
TI  - Plasma exchange (PE) in the treatment of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
      (RPGN).

PMID- 3870597
TI  - Spontaneous ascites filtration and reinfusion (SAFR): self-care treatment for
      patients with intractable ascites.

PMID- 3870598
TI  - Hemodynamic measurements in a sheep model with a hollow fiber artificial kidney
      containing modified cellulose.
AB  - HFAK-RC caused pronounced leukopenia, increase in TXB2 levels in plasma and
      hemodynamic pressure changes as a reflection of complement activation during EC
      in sheep. In contrast no increase in TXB2 levels and no changes in hemodynamics
      are observed with HFAK-MC. The leukopenia and granulocytopenia in the latter is
      much less pronounced and probably reflects the phenomenon "frustrated
      phagocytosis".

PMID- 3870599
TI  - Red blood cell membrane lipid peroxidation and chronic haemolysis in
      haemodialysis patients.
AB  - Pre dialysis concentrations of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) in the red blood cell
      membranes and pre and post dialysis percent variation of plasma haemoglobin
      levels are studied in a group of uraemic patients on maintenance haemodialysis
      both before and after a therapeutic trial with vitamin E. The findings show a
      significant correlation between MDA levels and percent variation of plasma
      haemoglobin during dialysis, thus indicating that reducing the amount of lipid
      peroxidation can help to reduce intradialytic chronic haemolysis.

PMID- 3870600
TI  - A new bioprosthesis: impermeable for bacteria, permeable for fluids, incorporable
      by connective tissue.
AB  - Polyurethane non woven membranes with microporous inner layer and macroporous
      outer layer where tested bacteriologically and histologically. It was proved that
      the macroporous layer is suitable for the ingrowth and maturing of connective
      tissue, while the microporous structure prevents the invasion of bacteria,
      nevertheless being permeable for nutrient substances. So the material could be
      yield favourable presupposition to achieve bioincorporation in contaminated
      borderlines.

PMID- 3870601
TI  - Dynamic of a plasma microprotein (lysozyme) in uremic patients on hemodialytic
      treatment with different membranes.

PMID- 3870602
TI  - A multicomponent fiber to model cardiac ventricular contraction.

PMID- 3870603
TI  - Surface and bulk structure of polymeric carriers for bioactive agents: scanning
      electron microscope study.

PMID- 3870604
TI  - Evaluation of trachea kinetics in men and beagle dogs as a basic information for
      prosthesis construction.
AB  - Morphometric investigations on trachea kinetics in man and beagle dogs were
      undertaken to find out the range of motility in different moving planes. The
      results show a special mechanism of load distribution over the whole organ during
      movement. The minimal and the mean values for bending and torsion were recorded
      and made reproducible for to examine a trachea prosthesis in laboratory tester on
      its suitability for organ replacement.

PMID- 3870605
TI  - Testing of biomaterials, accelerated ageing.
AB  - The residual elongation is a critical property of materials used for
      manufacturing diaphragms of artificial hearts. It is therefore important to check
      goods received or to control manufactured diaphragms, whether their creep
      properties are within the required limits. Ordinary creep tests take at least
      several months, while the release of goods received or diaphragms manufactured
      should be possible within a few days. Acceleration of the creep test by
      increasing the test temperature permits an estimation whether the creep
      properties of a material are within the required limits within a week.

PMID- 3870606
TI  - Hemodynamics of coronary artery stenoses.

PMID- 3870607
TI  - Incorporation of inositol hexaphosphate in stored erythrocytes: effect on tissue
      oxygenation.

PMID- 3870608
TI  - Long term in-vivo performance of an electrostatically-spun small bore arterial
      prosthesis: the contribution of mechanical compliance and anti-platelet therapy.

PMID- 3870609
TI  - New biolized polymers for cardiovascular applications.

PMID- 3870610
TI  - Blood-material interaction, ex-vivo test for the initial events.
AB  - The different tubes affected the tested parameters in different ways. The fibrin
      and platelet amplitudes are the most sensitive parameters of the RTG-method. A
      rough surface alterates preferably the platelet activity in the first two
      milliliters. After about one minute of blood material interaction the amplitudes
      of fibrin and thrombocytes of all materials have reached the level of the
      reference blood. The tube with the lowest thrombogenic response to the blood is
      the polyurethane tube followed by polypropylene, Silastic, polyurethane with the
      rough surface and finally PVC. In this ex-vivo method the materials are tested
      under dynamic and nearly physiological conditions. Only one animal is needed for
      all experiments. No anaesthesia, no anticoagulants are required. The experimental
      effort and the costs are low. The results are well reproducible although the
      blood flow might vary slightly. Finally the test results are immediately
      available.

PMID- 3870611
TI  - Microporous polyurethane (Mitrathane) in cardiovascular surgery.

PMID- 3870612
TI  - Polyacrylonitrile membranes in hemodialysis: blood-surface interactions.
AB  - Investigations of blood-surface interaction phenomena with polyacrylonitrile
      based membrane (AN-69) during hemodialysis are reported. The amount and surface
      distribution of adhering white blood cells (WBC), and adsorbed proteins (Pt) have
      been evaluated by image analysis of WBC, spectrophotometry and SDS-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis of desorbed proteins. The protein contents of the patient's
      serum have been also investigated by SDS-electrophoresis. Results indicate that
      the distribution of both WBC, and Pt is non-uniform, and higher (71%, and 79% of
      the total detected amount, respectively) in the half membrane near the blood
      inlet (PAN-IN); PAN-IN and PAN-OUT eluates show the same protein bands by
      electrophoresis. The concentration of the proteins stably adsorbed on the
      membranes appears not to be related to their concentration in the patient's
      serum. A relatively strong band at MW = 14,400 in PAN eluates could be
      interpreted as the presence of lysozyme bound to the AN-69 membranes.

PMID- 3870613
TI  - Development of a microporous double-layered non-woven tracheal prosthesis.

PMID- 3870614
TI  - A new oesophageal-tube for permanent intubation.

PMID- 3870615
TI  - Photonic densitometry for the diagnosis of the uremic osteodystrophy.

PMID- 3870616
TI  - Practical closed-loop insulin infusion.
AB  - A method was designed to control the insulin infusion given to diabetic patients
      at the time of open-heart surgery. Excellent control of the blood glucose
      concentration was achieved, with eighty-four percent of blood glucose values
      falling between 4 and 8 mmol/l.

PMID- 3870617
TI  - Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy (CSII) influences cardiovascular
      responses to graded exercise in patients with autonomic diabetic neuropathy of
      the cardiovascular system (ADNCS).
AB  - We have demonstrated previously the effect of CSII on diabetics with ADNCS. In
      this study 16 Type-1-diabetics with ADNCS, 20 diabetics without ADNCS and 20 non
      diabetic controls were examined. Mean age and mean diabetes duration were similar
      in all groups. Graded exercise was performed in all patients using an ergometer
      cycle. In patients with ADNCS resting heart rate was significantly higher. The
      increase in heart rate during exercise was significantly lower, maximal tolerated
      work load was significantly reduced, and blood pressure-heart-rate multiplication
      as indirect measurement of oxygen uptake was significantly reduced too. The 16
      diabetics with ADNCS were divided into 2 groups: 6 patients got CSII (12 months),
      10 patients continued conventional s.c. therapy. After 6 and after 12 months
      graded exercise was performed again. The patients on s.c. therapy showed no
      improvement. 3 of the 6 CSII treated patients showed a significant improvement of
      the above mentioned parameters. Thus, in diabetics with ADNCS, CSII might not
      only influence the cardiovascular reflex tests, but might also have an effect on
      cardiovascular responses to graded exercise.

PMID- 3870618
TI  - Theoretical studies on self-regulating insulin delivery system.

PMID- 3870619
TI  - Psychosocial aspects of implantable insulin pump therapy in diabetic individuals.
AB  - Results of this descriptive study suggest that overall the subjects perceived the
      implantable insulin pump as having a positive impact on their lives. Subjects saw
      the importance of their role as well as the role of health care professionals in
      management of their diabetes. The subjects indicated that the advantages of
      improved blood glucose control outweighed the inconveniences of implantable
      insulin pump therapy; however, because of the small sample size and nature of the
      study these findings can not be generalized to other implantable pump recipients.

PMID- 3870620
TI  - Simplified evaluation and documentation of data from glucose controlled insulin
      infusion systems--artefact handling.
AB  - A computerized method for artefact handling, which occurs during recording and
      evaluation of data from glucose controlled insulin infusion systems (GCIIS) is
      demonstrated: Recording phase: "Interrupt"-Mode: Restoring of the original linear
      data-time relation is achieved by using an additional time channel. Analogous
      treatment of time- and parameter files allows correct correlation. "Communication
      I/O error": An error-handling subroutine prevents break of program caused by lead
      characters which occur during restarting the GCIIS thereby disturbing GCIIS
      microcomputer communication. Risk of data loss caused by breakdown of electric
      current is minimized by an appropriate interaction between intermediate store and
      floppy disk for data transfer. Evaluation phase: Implausible data: Obstruction of
      double lumen catheter as well as loss of glucose sensor sensitivity result in
      inappropriate data with consecutive incorrect computation of glycemic indices
      such as MAGE and M-value. Zero-values: During "HOLD"-mode, all blood glucose
      values are set to zero by the GCIIS causing forbidden arithmetic operations.
      These artefact periods are marked in the prepared time-file, deleted and
      interpolated subsequently. In conclusion, our method permits automatic artefact
      handling during the recording phase and complete correct data processing during
      the evaluation phase.

PMID- 3870621
TI  - Glucose stabilization and coronary infarction with artificial pancreas in heart
      lung preparation.
AB  - In the performance of heart-lung preparations, after 4-8 hours, it is an usual
      feature to have multiple microinfarctions, and, finally, heart failure and
      ventricular fibrillation. We have studied glucose, triglycerides and conjugated
      fructose consumption by the heart-lung preparation and found a very fast glucose
      depletion (30 to 90 minutes to glucose 0, starting with glucose 120 mg/dl). The
      depletion has been slower for triglycerides and even slower for conjugated
      fructose. Ventilation with pure oxygen has not modified itself the coronary
      deterioration, but if a Biostator has been used in order to maintain the glucose
      levels at 100-110 mg/dl., the isolated heart-lung does not deteriorate in 16-24
      hours, nor show electrical signs of coronary impairment; after this time, the
      respirator is disconnected and the preparate discarded. The above mentioned
      experiments demonstrated the need of artificial control of glycemia in isolated
      organ experiments and suggest the convenience to use more widely the artificial
      pancreas (Biostator in our case) for better treatment no only in diabetic or
      pancreatic patients, but also in many circumstances in which the glucose
      utilization is impaired.

PMID- 3870622
TI  - Large surface hemodialysis: influence on the amino acids of the urea cycle.

PMID- 3870623
TI  - Ionometry versus flame photometry in dialysis therapy.
AB  - In order to decide whether the ionometer can be accepted as an alternative to the
      flame photometer in the measurement of sodium and potassium, extensive
      measurements with ionometry in parallel with flame photometry were performed in
      serum and dialysis fluid during dialysis. The influence of parameters which
      influence both ionometry and flame photometry in a different way (protein
      concentration, pH, acetate, and bicarbonate concentration) was investigated. The
      correlation between the two methods for potassium in serum and dialysis fluid was
      excellent (r greater than 0.95), but unsatisfactory for sodium in serum (r =
      0.77) and in dialysis fluid (r less than 0.85). This low correlation is
      attributed in a greater extent to the random errors caused by flame photometry
      than by ionometry. Ionometry can be accepted as an alternative to flame
      photometry in dialysis therapy.

PMID- 3870624
TI  - Biocompatibility of cuprophan and cellulose acetate membranes. Prevention of
      dialysis hypoxemia and leucopenia by ticlopidine.
AB  - The study is a comparison of 4 successive hemodialysis (HD) sessions on each
      patient, 2 with cuprophan (CU) membrane (Gambro 120 M) and 2 with Cellulose
      acetate (CA) (Cordis Dow 3500). 60 minutes prior to the HD session placebo or
      Ticlopidine (500 mg) was administered orally to each patient. Leucocyte and
      platelet counts, serum C3 complement, arterial PO2, PCO2 and PH were measured
      before and 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes after the beginning of HD. Leucocyte
      count fell markedly within 15 minutes of both placebo HD sessions, but it was
      significantly lower (p less than 0.005) in CA than CU membrane. Ticlopidine
      prevented significantly (p less than 0.01) the HD-induced leucopenia. Slight
      changes in platelet count, either in placebo or Ticlopidine study were observed.
      Serum C3 complement increased significantly (p less than 0.05) at 15 minutes of
      CU placebo session and was also correlated (p less than 0.01) with the concurrent
      leucopenia. The arterial PO2 decreased 22% and 13.5% during HD with CU and CA
      membranes respectively, but it was preserved within normal limits by Ticlopidine.
      The arterial PH was increased up to 7.4 at the end of all HD sessions, while PCO2
      showed only slight changes. We conclude that: 1) CA membrane is better tolerated
      than CU 2) HD-induced leucopenia and hypoxemia are prevented by Ticlopidine,
      probably by modulating the complement activation.

PMID- 3870625
TI  - Electron microscopy and microprobe analysis of dialysis contaminants.
AB  - A migration of plastic particles from haemodialysis circuit to blood has been
      recognized to be cause of storage inflammation. Its origin from segments of
      silicone tubing has been demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro experiments. A
      similar finding with a peculiar histology picture has been observed in patients
      who used only PVC and PU-PVC tubing. In this case too microprobe analysis
      revealed the presence of silicon (Si) in fibril inclusions of liver and spleen
      cells. TEM, SEM and EDS of cuprophane dialyzer perfusates filtered through
      Nuclepore revealed the presence of particles with an intense Si Ka. The release
      from the dialyzer of silicon containing contaminants seems to be an additional
      risk for uremic patients.

PMID- 3870626
TI  - Nucleotide deficit and functional platelet alterations in patients on regular
      dialysis treatment (RDT).
AB  - In RDT patients hemocoagulative changes are repeatedly found; of these the most
      important are platelets' functional defects. Biochemical and biophysical
      modifications responsible for this pathology have not been completely clarified.
      In 20 non-thrombocytopenic patients, dialyzed 3 times weekly for over 1 year, we
      evaluated, using standard methodology, platelet adhesivity and aggregation
      induced by collagen and ADP at varying dosages. All blood samples were collected
      after the longest interdialytic period and just before dialysis. At the same time
      we evaluated the basic metabolic pool and, after collagen stimulation, the
      intraplatelet functional storage pool of ATP and ADP. The dosages were obtained
      using simple, reproducible and modern bioluminescence technique, which utilises
      microorganism light emission (bioluminescence) due to the oxidation of the
      bacterial substrate by catalyzing enzyme (luciferase) (1251 Luminometer LKB). We
      compared this data with that obtained from 40 healthy subjects. In the patients
      examined, adhesivity and aggregation result altered. The intraplatelet content of
      all nucleotides in both pools is significantly reduced if compared to the control
      group. The ATP and ADP concentration of both metabolic and functional pools
      cannot be correlated to the following: serum creatinine, BUN, calcemia, PTH, Hb.
      On the contrary we found that basal metabolic ATP values are inversely related (p
      less than 0.01) to serum phosphate levels. An analysis of results of this
      preliminary study leads us to hypothesize that hyperphosphatemia could interfere
      with intraplatelet glycolysis inducing a reduction of intracellular ATP. As all
      platelet functions are ATP and ADP dependent, we could consider the nucleotide
      deficit a cause of "uraemic platelet" disfunction, not modifiable with RDT but
      perhaps only through an appropriate control of phosphate levels.

PMID- 3870627
TI  - Reuse of polysulfon capillary filters.

PMID- 3870628
TI  - Vitamins and regular dialysis treatment (RDT).

PMID- 3870629
TI  - Intraocular pressure (IOP) changes induced by regular dialysis treatment (RDT).
AB  - It has been long known that uremia and RDT could alter the optical fibers of the
      Central Nervous System: we also previously demonstrated the persistence of a
      delayed P100 wave evoked by Visual Potentials (VEPs) in RDT patients. Our present
      study evaluates changes in IOP during RDT and possible correlations between
      electrophysiological and tonometrical modifications. In twenty patients
      undergoing RDT (12 hrs/weekly, mean age 42.05 +/- 10.80 yrs) we performed, just
      before and immediately after the dialytic session the tonographic recordings and
      serum osmolality. The pre-dialysis IOP of all 20 patients ranged from 9.00 to
      27.19 mmHg with a mean of 16.40 +/- 7.20. Serum osmolality predialysis was 326.10
      +/- 5.72 mOsm/l and post-dialysis 290.33 +/- 2.95 mOsm/l. Our studies suggest a
      correlation between decrease in plasma osmolality and increase in IOP during
      dialysis. The effect of RDT on IOP depends on the balance between the rise in IOP
      with the reduction of the concentrations of "waste products" and the
      extracellular volume reduction associated with ultrafiltration. The elevation of
      IOP may be due to a decrease in post-dialysis outflow facility inducing an
      osmotic influx of water into the eye because of hyperosmolality of intraocular
      fluids. These continuous modifications may be partially responsible for the
      defective propagation and the delayed transmission documented by VEPs.

PMID- 3870631
TI  - Genetic approaches to the study of parasites and disease vectors. Proceedings
      from the international symposium. Rome, December 12-13, 1983.

PMID- 3870630
TI  - The electrophoretic approach to the study of parasites and vectors.

PMID- 3870632
TI  - Biochemical taxonomy of ascaridoid nematodes.

PMID- 3870633
TI  - [Morphologic and genetic studies on gastropod mollusks vectors of trematodiasis
      and on bivalve mollusks bred for consumption].

PMID- 3870634
TI  - Biochemical genetics in the study of schistosomes and their intermediate hosts.
AB  - This paper considers the contributions that studies on electrophoresis of enzymes
      have made to the understanding of the biology of schistosomiasis. The use of
      enzymes for characterisation of schistosomes is reviewed and particular attention
      is given to investigations concerning hybridisation, mating behaviour and
      population structure. Results are presented on variation between isolates of S.
      haematobium detected by analysis of a G6PDH polymorphism and variation of G6PDH
      and MDH-1 within natural populations of S. leiperi from lechwe in Zambia. Genetic
      variation of snail populations is considered in relation to susceptibility to
      schistosomes. Examples are given illustrating the ways in which inheritance
      studies can be used to investigate the breeding biology of snails.

PMID- 3870635
TI  - Geographic genetic differentiation and arbovirus competency: Aedes aegypti and
      yellow fever.

PMID- 3870636
TI  - [Electrophoresis of enzymes of the genus Leishmania Ross 1903].

PMID- 3870637
TI  - Biological characteristics of rhabdoviruses in different host cells.
AB  - Rhabdoviruses are a group of viruses capable of infecting vertebrates,
      invertebrates and plants and showing a wide range of host-parasite relationships.
      Biological characteristics of viruses can vary according to the type of cells in
      which they grow. The Authors analyze differences in viral structure and
      multiplication related to the host. Some final considerations on the evolution of
      this group of viruses are also reported.

PMID- 3870638
TI  - Molecular genetics of antigenic variation in trypanosomes.

PMID- 3870639
TI  - [The genus Leishmania in Italy].
AB  - Seventy-four Leishmania isolates collected in Italy from six different Regions
      where leishmaniases are endemic, have been typed. Parasites have been isolated
      from: man (VL and CL), dog, black rat (Rattus rattus), fox (Vulpes vulpes) and
      geckoes (Tarentola mauritanica and Cyrtodactylus kotschyi). The isolates have
      been characterized by starch-gel electrophoresis for 9-16 enzymes whose mobility
      was compared with that of international reference strains for L. infantum, L.
      tropica, L. major, L. donovani, L. aethiopica and L. tarentolae. The results
      obtained have shown that the genus Leishmania in Italy is represented by five
      zymodemes which may be grouped into two taxa: L. infantum s.l. (L. infantum
      s.st., L. infantum NH130 variant, L. infantum NH140 variant and L. infantum GOT,
      MDH, NH variant), agent of mammalian leishmaniases (including human
      leishmaniases), and L. tarentolae, parasite of geckoes. At the moment, the
      absence of L. tropica in Italy as agent of CL has been revealed. Through the
      analysis of epidemiological data obtained from the foci where Leishmania
      parasites were isolated two zymodemes only, L. infantum s.st. and L. infantum
      NH140 variant, show to be widely distributed. However, L. infantum s.st. appears
      to be prevalent in Thyrrenean foci which are characterized by VL cases and by
      high density of Phlebotomus perniciosus, and L. infantum NH140 variant is present
      in Adriatic areas where CL is diffuse and P. perfiliewi is the probable vector.

PMID- 3870641
TI  - Gastrointestinal nematode infections in wild ruminants Rupicapra rupicapra and
      Dama dama: influence of density and cohabitation with domestic ruminants.
AB  - The distribution of gastrointestinal nematodes in different populations of wild
      ruminants has been studied with regard to density of the animals and the presence
      of domestic ruminants in the habitat. The degree of parasite overdispersion among
      the hosts has been examined in the hypothesis of a negative binomial model of
      distribution. The results show that the density has a greater weight than
      cohabitation with domestic ruminants, in destabilizing the host-parasite
      relationship.

PMID- 3870640
TI  - [Isolation and in vivo behavior of the etiologic agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis
      in Italy].
AB  - Tentatives of culturing in vivo and in vitro the etiological agent of cutaneous
      leishmaniasis in Italy have in the past been carried out by several authors
      without, however, obtaining stable culture. The use of LHC inbred hamsters,
      treated with cortisone acetate, gives the possibility of isolating the parasite
      from human cutaneous lesions. The parasite is localized in the internal organs
      (spleen, liver and bone marrow) of the host, regardless of the site of
      inoculation. The infection is similar to that caused by Leishmania infantum from
      human, canine and murine visceral leishmaniasis. In the subsequent passage in
      vivo the parasite infects LHC inbred hamsters and outbred hamsters without
      cortisone acetate. Intrinsic and extrinsic characters of the agent of cutaneous
      leishmaniasis in Italy are discussed.

PMID- 3870642
TI  - [Human hydatidosis in Sardinia. Epidemiologic study of the cases operated on from
      1974 to 1981].
AB  - A retrospective survey of surgical cases to obtain baseline data on hydatid
      disease in Sardinia from 1974 to 1981 revealed an annual mean rate of
      11.1/100.000 population. However, real prevalence is obviously higher, since
      infection is not always synonymous with disease and surgical incidence should be
      regarded as the figure that counts. Information on sex, age, residence,
      occupation, cyst location, number of re-operations was collected to assess the
      public health impact to hydatidosis within the island. The obtained results
      indicate that not all population is at equal risk, being hydatid disease most
      prevalent in rural areas and particularly in the districts where sheep-breeding
      is highly diffused (annual mean rate greater than 20/100.000 population). The
      highest rate was observed in farmers and shepherds (34.2/100.000) respect to
      retired (14.1/100.000), housewives (10.9/100.000), employed in services
      (8.9/100.000) and students (8.3/100.000). Over 55% of the cysts were found in the
      liver, about 30% in the lung and 15% in other sites. A correlation between age
      and cyst location and between profession and cyst location was shown. Pulmonary
      cysts were prevalent in children and young people, hepatic in grown-up people,
      whereas nearly the same hepatic and pulmonary frequency was observed in
      shepherds. Comparisons between previous surveyed periods were done and results
      were discussed, suggesting the need of a continuous and well-planned control
      programme.

PMID- 3870643
TI  - [Hydatidosis in Sardinia. Co-involved parameters and hypothesis for a control
      campaign].
AB  - Although hydatidosis provokes in man and livestock losses of economic
      significance, there has been no comprehensive study on this disease. This article
      is an account of Sardinia as an important area of echinococcosis-hydatidosis. The
      incidence and distribution of infection in the intermediate and definitive hosts
      are reviewed and the current status of hydatid disease is evaluated. The review
      is divided into main sections: (a) geographical and environmental data; (b)
      domestic intermediate hosts; (c) definitive host; (d) human infections. An
      average of 85% of the sheep are infected and about 75% of cysts are fertile, 13%
      of the dogs are parasitized and mainly live as strays, up to 39% of the
      shepherd's dogs were found to harbour the mature worm of Echinococcus granulosus.
      Hospital data indicate that even nowadays about 200 people are operated every
      year with an incidence of 11.1/100.000 inhabitants. The socio-cultural factors
      (seminomadism, slaughtering practice, etc.) involved in the dissemination, the
      economic implication of this disease, the benefits due to an eradication, the
      feasibility of a campaign and the organizational structure aimed at eradicating
      echinococcosis/hydatidosis in this area, are discussed.

PMID- 3870644
TI  - Polytene chromosomes of Orthopodomyia pulcripalpis (Diptera, Culicidae).
AB  - Orthopodomyia pulcripalpis is the only European representative of the tribe
      Orthopodomyiini (Diptera: Culicidae). Its chromosomal complement consists of
      three pairs of metaphase chromosomes, as it is typical of culicine mosquitoes. O.
      pulcripalpis shows, differently from other culicine species, polytene chromosomes
      of excellent cytological quality, easily obtainable from the larval salivary
      glands. A photomap of the polytene chromosomes of the species is described in the
      present paper together with some details on chromosomal polymorphism.

PMID- 3870645
TI  - [New faunal and biological observations on ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea) in Abruzzo
      and other regions of Italy (IV)].
AB  - More than 300 new records of ticks (Acari, Ixodoidea) from Abruzzo and other
      Italian regions are reported. Short notes on the bioecology of every species are
      also given.

PMID- 3870646
TI  - [Gastrointestinal parasitic fauna of cats in the cities of Bologna, Florence and
      Milan].
AB  - The results of a parasitological survey carried out on 116 cats found dead in
      Bologna, Firenze and Milano was reported. The parasites identified were: Toxocara
      cati (49.1%); Toxascaris leonina (3.4%); Ancylostoma tubaeforme (9.5%); Ollulanus
      tricuspis (3.4%); Dipylidium caninum (41.4%); Taenia taeniaeformis (11.2%);
      Mesocestoides lineatus (1.7%); Spirometra sp. (0.9%); Coccidia (12.9%). The
      autopsies' results were compared with coprological ones in order to assess their
      reliability.

PMID- 3870647
TI  - [Parasites present in foxes (Vulpes vulpes) of the province of Forli].
AB  - In the period March 1983 - March 1984 a parasitological survey was carried out on
      103 foxes killed in the Forli province (Italy). The parasites identified were:
      Toxocara canis (45.6%); Uncinaria stenocephala (14.6%); Mesocestoides lineatus
      (9.7%); Dipylidium caninum (2.9%); Taenia crassiceps (2.9%); Trichuris vulpis
      (2.9%). Out of all the cestodes found in 7 animals the authors identified only
      genus Taenia since their preservation conditions were not optimal. Other 13
      subjects contained many cestodes similar to T. hydatigena, but considerably
      shorter in the mean length (20 cm vs 200). In a fecal sample the authors found a
      species of coccidium whose features do not correspond to any of those described
      in foxes, therefore it was called Eimeria sp. Finally, the autopsies' results
      were compared with coprological ones in order to asses their reliability.

PMID- 3870649
TI  - Growth factors and malignancy.

PMID- 3870648
TI  - [Study on the presence of yeasts in the feces of the rock pigeon (Columba livia
      Gmelin 1789) from rural areas].
AB  - The diffusion of rock-pigeon (domestic form of Columba livia Gmelin 1789) is
      greatly increasing owing to its high reproductivity; for this reason it is
      present in both countries and cities. This bird is considered an important vector
      of pathogens to man and domestic animals, and today it represents a serious
      hygienic-sanitary problem. Therefore we checked for the presence of yeasts in
      feces of rock-pigeons nesting in the Regional Park "La Mandria" (near Turin),
      visited mostly by school-children and retired. The yeasts isolated were: Candida
      albicans, C. krusei, C. guillermondii, C. intermedia, C. lusitaniae, C.
      parapsilosis, C. pseudotropicalis, C. rugosa, C. tropicalis, Cryptococcus
      albidus, C. laurentii, C. neoformans, C. terreus, Pichia membranaefaciens,
      Rhodotorula rubra, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. oleaginosus, S. telluris,
      Torulopsis candida, Trichosporon cutaneum. The incidence of the species isolated
      is reported on Tables 1 and 2.

PMID- 3870650
TI  - Working and learning together: neuroradiology and neurosurgery.

PMID- 3870651
TI  - Ventriculoperitoneal shunts in children: factors affecting shunt survival.
AB  - The survival of ventriculoperitoneal cerebrospinal fluid shunts inserted during
      the past 11 years at the University of Rochester was reviewed. Half the shunts
      inserted failed by 23 months after insertion, although shunt survival has
      improved since 1981. Shunt survival was found to be affected by etiology. For
      example, children with neural tube defects had longer shunt survival than
      children with hydrocephalus from other etiologies. Children whose shunts were
      inserted prior to their first birthday, and children whose shunts were inserted
      when they weighed less than 3,000 g, had worse shunt survival. The manner in
      which factors such as age, weight and etiology affect shunt survival are
      uncertain, yet it is clear that children with hydrocephalus are a heterogeneous
      group. Studies that fail to consider this heterogeneity may result in invalid
      conclusions.

PMID- 3870652
TI  - Angioarchitecture in experimental hydrocephalus.
AB  - The angioarchitecture of microcorrosion casts in 12 hydrocephalic rats and 5
      normal control rats was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy to
      observe the changes of the vascular bed in the cerebral mantle in hydrocephalus.
      Reduction in the number and caliber of the capillaries in the white matter was
      the most remarkable change in the hydrocephalic rats. This change increased in
      proportion to the severity of hydrocephalus. A similar change was observed in the
      basal ganglia. The change in the cortical capillaries was mild, but the cortical
      'palisade' pattern had disappeared in some cases. Three-dimensional consideration
      of the angioarchitecture by using microvascular casts compared with
      microangiographic technique in rat hydrocephalus was discussed.

PMID- 3870653
TI  - Direct sagittal computed tomography of the head in childhood.
AB  - Direct sagittal computed tomography (CT) was performed on 47 children with
      pathology in the posterior fossa, orbit, parasellar region, face and ear. The
      direct sagittal projection provided additional information about the extent of
      disease and relationship of the pathologic process to the adjacent tissues in 43%
      of patients studied. Direct sagittal CT has improved spatial resolution over
      reformatted images. It is readily available, less costly than magnetic resonance
      and can provide similar useful anatomic information.

PMID- 3870654
TI  - Spasmus nutans as a presenting sign of an arachnoid cyst.
AB  - Spasmus nutans, usually believed to be a benign entity, is a disorder of young
      children consisting of nystagmus, head nodding and an anomalous head position of
      unknown etiology. We present a patient with spasmus nutans who proved to have a
      large arachnoid cyst. When the cyst was shunted the nystagmus lessened. Recent
      studies suggest that the head nodding and anomalous head position are adaptive
      mechanisms that compensate for the nystagmus and not pathological in themselves.
      Therefore, spasmus nutans is not a triad of findings, but an acquired nystagmus
      with associated adaptive responses. Because spasmus nutans implies a benign
      entity composed of three requisite components, we feel it is an inaccurate term
      that should be abandoned. A better designation would be acquired nystagmus of
      infancy, which would not imply a benign etiology.

PMID- 3870655
TI  - Lyophilized cadaver dura mater for primary repair of myelomeningoceles.
AB  - The authors have used lyophilized dura mater for primary repair of five large
      myelomeningoceles. Their preliminary experience suggests that lyophilized dura
      can be used safely in myelodysplastic neonates. Furthermore, the use of
      lyophilized dura simplifies significantly the surgical repair of
      myelomeningoceles.

PMID- 3870656
TI  - Muscle weakness in an adolescent male.

PMID- 3870657
TI  - Failure of encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis procedure in moyamoya disease.

PMID- 3870658
TI  - [Virulence and enterotoxigenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from foods
      and other biological material].
AB  - Enterotoxigenicity, virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility were studied in
      thirteen strains of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from meat foods and organs
      of slaughtered animals. The following biotypes (B), serotypes (O) and lisotypes
      (Lis) were studied: B2, O:9, Lis X3 and B1, O:7,8, Lis Xo (from thick fresh
      sausages); B1, O:5, Lis Xz (from slender sausages); B1, O:5, Lis Xz and B2, O:9,
      Lis X3 (from bovine tongues); B1, O:6, Lis Xz (from porcine tongues) and B1, O:6,
      Lis Xz (from porcine caeca) (Table 1). Virulence was determined by i) the
      autoagglutination test (Laird and Cavanaugh), replacing in the Eagle medium amino
      acids and vitamins with proteose peptone (1%), tryptone (1%) and yeast extract
      (0.5%), and ii) the calcium dependency test. The LD50 of five strains was
      determined by i.p. injection of O.5 ml of cell suspensions into white mice and
      estimated by the Spearman Karber method. LD50 varied from 2 x 10(9) to 7 x 10(9)
      viable cells per ml. The enterotoxigenicity test was carried out in suckling
      white mice and the invasiveness test (Sereny) in adult white mice. Two strains
      showed autoagglutination, five calcium dependency, two were invasive and eight
      produced enterotoxin. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assayed by the modified
      Kirby and Bauer test. All the strains were susceptible to kanamycin, amikacin,
      cefotaxime, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, mezlocillin, nitrofurantoin,
      piperacillin, piperimidic acid, polymyxin B, sisomycin and tobramycin, and
      resistant to cephalotoxin, ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3870659
TI  - [Anti-leptospira and anti-brucella agglutinins in hares (Lepus europaeus) from
      Rio Cuarto Department, Province of Cordoba].
AB  - Seventy-seven anti-brucella and 42 anti-leptospira agglutinin serum levels of
      hares in Rio Cuarto district of Cordoba Province were studied. For brucella, only
      one sample showed incomplete reaction at a 1:25 dilution. The isolation of
      brucella from liver, spleen and gastro-hepatic lymph node in this animal was
      negative. In the 42 serum samples examined for L. pomona, L. wolffi, L. ballum,
      L. hardjo, L. pyrogenes and L. grippotiphosa, 6 reacted at a dilution of 1:100
      with L. ballum serovar and 1 reacted up to 1:200 dilution with L. wolffi serovar.
      These results indicate that the hare does not play any important role as
      reservoir of pathogenic brucella in this area. Meanwhile, it could act as
      potential reservoir for pathogenic leptospira.

PMID- 3870660
TI  - [Modification of the Pack method for the microdetermination of diacetyl in mixed
      cultures].
AB  - Prill and Hammer's method (4) for microdetermination of diacetyl was modified by
      several authors (1-3, 7), but retaining the same principle: diacetyl is converted
      into dimethylglyoxime by reaction with hydroxylamine; the oxime is subsequently
      converted into a pink ammonoferrous glyoximate and its colour is measured by
      absorbance at 530 nm. In the present communication a procedure based on the
      method of Pack et al. (3) is proposed with the following modifications: 1.
      Omission of carboy and suction flask; 2. Elongation of the connecting tubing
      between sample and trap tubes and relocation of the trap tubes to a higher level.
      3. Replacement of rubber tubing by pvc connection and of rubber stoppers by
      neoprene ones. 4. A more accurate regulation of the nitrogen flow. 5. Protection
      of the Fe SO4 against oxidation. 6. Omission of the rinse of the trap tips with
      K2 HPO4 solution. 7. Use of diacetyl as a standard instead of dimethylglyoxime.

PMID- 3870661
TI  - Medical support for the undersea navy.

PMID- 3870662
TI  - Interventional radiology.

PMID- 3870663
TI  - AIDS--epidemiological and clinical issues.

PMID- 3870664
TI  - Clinical research today.

PMID- 3870665
TI  - Medical support to the North Sea oil and gas industries.

PMID- 3870667
TI  - Joint service expedition to Brabant Island--overwintering in tents in Antarctica.

PMID- 3870666
TI  - Has the medical journal a future?

PMID- 3870668
TI  - Joint services expedition to Brabant Island, Antarctica. Overwintering in tents
      in Antarctica.

PMID- 3870669
TI  - The General Medical Council: yesterday, today, tomorrow.

PMID- 3870670
TI  - Chromosome heteromorphisms and paternity testing.
AB  - Most of the blood group systems have now been applied to paternity
      investigations. In a complicated case, an alleged father not excluded with blood
      group testing, could be excluded with only chromosome heteromorphisms. Chromosome
      heteromorphisms are inherited from parents to offspring as simple Mendelian laws.
      The authors' paternity testing is presented with the help of chromosome
      heteromorphism analysis.

PMID- 3870671
TI  - Ultrastructure of acute ammonia toxicity in the human lung.
AB  - A tanker truck carrying anhydrous ammonia (NH3) fell off a freeway, releasing a
      dense cloud of NH3 gas, killing several people. The driver was dead upon impact.
      To our knowledge, pulmonary NH3 toxicity in humans has not been studied
      previously by electron microscopy (EM). Therefore, in two cases, the paraffin
      embedded tissue blocks of lung were deparaffinized and reembedded in plastic for
      1-mu sections and EM examination. The lung tissue of a third case, the truck
      driver, was similarly processed as a control. Light-microscopic pulmonary
      findings in the acute NH3 deaths included denudation of the tracheobronchial
      epithelium, edema of the lamina propria, and marked alveolar edema, congestion,
      and hemorrhage. In contrast, in the truck driver's lungs, the bronchial
      epithelium was intact, and there was no gross odor of NH3. Massive pulmonary
      hemorrhages in his lungs were attributed to trauma rather than NH3 inhalation. EM
      examination of the lungs of the truck driver showed no discernible toxic
      alterations in either the capillary endothelial cells or the Type I or II
      alveolar epithelial cells, and alveolar and capillary basement membranes were
      intact. In contrast, EM study of the lungs from two individuals dying acutely of
      NH3 inhalation showed marked swelling and imbitional edema of Type I alveolar
      epithelial cells; however, alveolar basement membranes and capillary endothelial
      cells appeared as usual. These electron-microscopic findings demonstrate the Type
      I epithelial cell to be the target cell of acute alveolar wall injury in NH3
      inhalation.

PMID- 3870672
TI  - Methane asphyxia. Coal mine accident investigation of distribution of gas.
AB  - Death from asphyxia due to substitution of air by methane gas may occur in coal
      mine by gas outburst. In such a case, it is required to determine methane gas
      contents from cadaveric blood and tissues for diagnosing cause of death and
      estimating conditions of the accident. The methane concentration in blood and
      tissue samples of 22 male victims by a gas outburst accident was measured by gas
      chromatography. The level of methane in the cardiac blood was in the range of 6.8
      26.8 microliters/g. As a model of gas outburst in coal mine, rats were exposed
      experimentally to various concentrations of methane. Their course of death and
      methane distribution in the bodies were observed. From these findings, diagnostic
      criteria for asphyxia from substitution of air by methane are also discussed.

PMID- 3870673
TI  - Sudden epilepsy deaths and the forensic pathologist.
AB  - Sudden unexpected deaths in epileptic persons are not rare events, most commonly
      encountered by the forensic pathologist rather than the clinician. Such deaths
      may represent 1-1.5% of all "natural" deaths certified by the medical examiner or
      coroner. The typical victim is a black male about 30 years of age who tends to
      abuse alcohol, with a history of generalized epilepsy for more than 1 year and
      likely for more than 10 years. There are a lack of obvious anatomic causes for
      the death at autopsy, but 60-70% of cases will have a lesion in the brain (most
      commonly old trauma) to explain the epilepsy. Most victims have no blood levels
      of anticonvulsant medications at the time of death. We have evolved a form for
      use by medical examiner/coroner's investigators at the scene to collect relevant
      information which will be of assistance to the pathologist in interpreting the
      case. Estimated prevalence of sudden epilepsy death, mechanisms, and other
      features of such cases are reviewed briefly.

PMID- 3870674
TI  - Anger biting. The hidden impulse.
AB  - Based upon the paralogical reasoning of the anger-impulsive biter, this paper
      addresses the overload of emotional catharsis which can block a full memory of
      the biting event and suspend the logical infrastructure of rational behavior. In
      an effort to overcome these types of investigative difficulties, the paper
      suggests an approach to resolve dilemma through decompressing the emotional
      content into path ways of logical understanding. By offering a network of
      rationale hooks, the perpetrator becomes better equipped to acknowledge the deed.

PMID- 3870675
TI  - The murder-suicide. A study of the postagressional suicide.
AB  - The authors studied a series of 18 cases of homicide followed by suicide or
      attempted suicide by the aggressor, analyzing: 1) the frequency of such acts; 2)
      the age and sex of the aggressors; 3) the means or arms used for the murder and
      suicide; 4) the period of time between the two events; and 5) the motives for the
      homicides and the relationship between the victims and their aggressors.

PMID- 3870676
TI  - A case of lust murder.

PMID- 3870677
TI  - Gas embolism as a cause of death.
AB  - Systemic venous gas embolism other than that due to air is a great rarity. A case
      is reported and the criteria for the diagnosis are discussed. The clinical
      similarities between embolism of systemic venous air and that of systemic venous
      gas are emphasized. The two conditions can be differentiated by laboratory
      investigation only.

PMID- 3870678
TI  - Unusual shotgun injury. Gas blowout of anterior head region.
AB  - During a 6-month period, we encountered two examples of tight contact wounds of
      the temple region which were associated with ovoid, fairly regular, perforating
      wounds of the skull and overlying skin. These wounds were located between the
      eyes with the upper border near the glabella and the lower border near the level
      of the lower eyelids. There was no evidence that these wounds were entry wounds
      and in both cases the projectiles were still within the cranial cavity.
      Therefore, they were interpreted as gas blowout wounds. No similar cases have
      been found in the literature. Law enforcement personnel and pathologists should
      be aware of this rather rare blowout type of shotgun injury since it may be
      subject to various misinterpretations, including that of an entry wound.

PMID- 3870679
TI  - Three fatalities in flash fire with variable dental charring.
AB  - The deaths of three teenagers in an automobile crash and flash fire are
      presented. The inability to draw valid conclusions about whether the victims were
      dead prior to the fire based on dental examination is discussed.

PMID- 3870680
TI  - "Swinging in the park". An investigation of an autoerotic death.
AB  - Death during autoerotic episodes is of special concern to law enforcement
      officials, the coroner or medical examiner, the family of the decedent, and to
      society as a whole. As in the probing of any violent demise, accurate
      preservation of all evidentiary material, complete photographic documentation,
      reconstruction of the scene, and interviews with family and acquaintances
      ("psychological autopsy") are mandatory for proper completion of the case. A
      recent, atypical instance of sexual asphyxia arising from a bizarre incident
      exemplifies the foregoing dicta and provides a vivid example of "psychopathia
      sexualis."

PMID- 3870681
TI  - Reform of psychiatric care in Italy.

PMID- 3870682
TI  - Provoked shooting by police as a mechanism for suicide.
AB  - We report a case which was processed by the Philadelphia Office of the Medical
      Examiner in which a person with a previous known suicide attempt clearly provoked
      the Philadelphia police into shooting him. We believe that this is but one of
      many such incidents in which the victim provokes another into administering fatal
      injury. This is a mechanism of suicide which, we believe, is exemplified by the
      case presented.

PMID- 3870683
TI  - Suicidal electrocution in a bathtub.
AB  - A case of suicidal electrocution in a filled bathtub is presented with a
      discussion of the mechanism of electrocution in water. A modern safety device,
      the Ground Fault Interruptor Circuit, is also described.

PMID- 3870684
TI  - Retinol transport proteins and concentrations in human amniotic fluid, placenta,
      and fetal and maternal sera.
AB  - 1. The proteins binding retinol, and retinol concentrations, were determined in
      amniotic fluid, placental cytosol and in the fetal and maternal circulation. 2.
      In non-pregnant women, plasma retinol was almost exclusively found in a
      transthyretin-retinol-binding-protein complex whereas, in pregnant women, retinol
      binding-protein-bound retinol was observed not complexed to transthyretin. This
      latter fraction increased in concentration with fetal age. These two fractions
      were the major retinol-protein complexes in amniotic fluid and their relative
      amounts changed with progress of gestation. 3. In fetal blood both of these
      fractions were again found, with higher proportions of retinol-binding-protein
      bound retinol in the umbilical artery than in the umbilical vein.

PMID- 3870685
TI  - Some nutritional properties of unrefined sugar and its promotion of the survival
      of new-born rats.
AB  - 1. The claims that rats fed on diets with 'brown sugar' (unrefined muscovado)
      perform better in a number of ways than do rats fed on refined white sugar
      (sucrose) have been examined. 2. Male Wistar rats were fed on purified diets from
      weaning, in which the carbohydrate component was either maize starch or unrefined
      sugar or sucrose. The sugars produced no differences in growth rate, body
      composition, or the weights of liver or kidneys. Compared with sucrose, unrefined
      sugar produced an increase in blood cholesterol and in the activity of hepatic
      fatty acid synthetase, and a greater increase in blood triglyceride. In
      confirmation of earlier results, rats fed on either sugar had heavier livers and
      kidneys, increased activity of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC
      1.1.1.49) and a higher concentration of plasma triglyceride compared with rats
      fed on maize starch. 3. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on the same three
      diets as the male rats, and mated when they weighed about 200 g. No difference
      was seen in their ability to mate, the progress of pregnancies, or the sizes of
      the litters. Does fed on unrefined sugar produced litters of higher viability
      than did does fed on starch or sucrose. Survival was between 85 and 100% with
      unrefined sugar and between 30 and 75% with starch or sucrose. 4. Unrefined
      muscovado sugar has thus been shown to contain a factor required by female rats
      for the proper viability of their pups. This may be the same 'Reproductive Factor
      R' as that described by Wiesner & Yudkin (1951). In certain circumstances,
      unrefined muscovado sugar might therefore contribute to the nutritional value of
      a human diet, although in what circumstances, in what respect and to what extent
      it might do so, is by no means clear.

PMID- 3870686
TI  - Human protein requirements: obligatory urinary and faecal nitrogen losses and the
      factorial estimation of protein needs of Nigerian male adults.
AB  - 1. The present study was designed to use the factorial approach to estimate
      protein requirements of Nigerian male adults by measuring obligatory nitrogen
      losses via urine, faeces and sweat when N intake was very low and energy intake
      adequate. 2. Eight adult men from Osegere village near Ibadan and seven medical
      students from the University of Ibadan, who volunteered to participate as
      subjects in the study, were given a low-protein diet (based on staple foods
      habitually consumed by subjects) for 10 d. Mean daily total protein intake was
      4.68 g while that of energy was 0.2 MJ/kg body-weight. After an initial 5 d
      adaptation period, 24 h urine and faces were collected in marked containers for
      five consecutive days for N determination. N losses from the skin were also
      determined in the village adults. 3. Mean daily urinary, faecal and sweat N
      losses (mg N/kg body-weight) were 45.88 (SD4.84), 21.79 (SD4.19), and 7.46
      (SD1.71) from the village adults. The corresponding urinary and faecal N losses
      from the university students were 43.45 (SD2.28) and 18.32 (SD4.66) (sweat N loss
      not measured). Thus the total daily obligatory N losses (per kg body-weight) from
      the village adults and university students were 75.13 and 69.23 mg N respectively
      (assuming a sweat N loss of 7.46 mg for the university students). After adjusting
      for requirement and making a 30% allowance for individual variability, the safe
      level of protein intake was calculated to be 0.78 and 0.73 g protein/kg body
      weight for the village men and university students respectively.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3870687
TI  - Masked vitamin B12 and folate deficiency in the elderly.
AB  - 1. A high incidence of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, or both, may be found in
      the elderly, particularly those in hospital. This report concerns fifty cases
      detected in an inner-city-area geriatric unit during the course of routine
      clinical investigation. The majority had none of the classical haematological
      signs of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, and all the patients reported had a
      mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of less than 100 fl. 2. There was a significant
      negative correlation between the MCV and the erythrocyte folate (P less than
      0.01), supporting earlier published work using a low serum folate as an index of
      folate deficiency. 3. There was no correlation between the MCV and the serum
      vitamin B12. Published work differs on this point. 4. Serum iron, total Fe
      binding capacity and percentage Fe saturation results were available in forty
      patients in this series. There was a significant positive correlation between the
      serum Fe and the MCV (P less than 0.01) and 34% of patients had haematological
      evidence of Fe deficiency. In the majority, however, there was no evidence that
      associated Fe deficiency had masked the haematological signs of vitamin B12 or
      folate deficiency. 5. More attention should be paid to the problem of 'masked'
      vitamin B12 and folate deficiency in the elderly. There is a case for routine
      screening of the elderly for vitamin B12 and folate deficiency irrespective of
      the MCV.

PMID- 3870688
TI  - Acid-base balance in ruminating calves given sodium hydroxide-treated straw.
AB  - 1. Studies of whole-body balances of non-metabolizable base (NB) and several
      minerals, and of relevant acid-base quantities in blood and urine, were carried
      out in two 6-month-old ruminating Holstein X Friesian bull calves fed on fixed
      rations containing 500 g barley straw/kg diet (group A) to examine the
      quantitatively important components of the balance of NB and determine the rates
      of mineral and NB retention associated with normal body growth. 2. Parallel
      balance studies were conducted in six other bull calves given fixed rations
      containing 500 g alkali-treated barley straw/kg diet to evaluate the effects of
      long-term alkali-straw feeding on the rates of body growth and skeletal mineral
      and NB deposition and the renal control of extracellular electrolyte and acid
      base status. The straw component was treated either with 50 g sodium hydroxide/kg
      dry matter (DM) (group B; two calves), or with 50 g or 100 g NaOH/kg DM and
      subsequently neutralized with hydrochloric acid (groups C and D, two calves per
      group). In all groups the animals were given free access to tap water. 3.
      Throughout the total 105 d experiment, all animals remained healthy and gained
      weight. Normal body growth group A) was associated with a positive balance of NB
      (1-2 mmol/kg live weight (LW) per d) due to continuing deposition of dietary NB
      in 'new tissue', largely in the developing skeleton. 4. During 105 d alkali-straw
      feeding, the animals showed a remarkable ability to cope with dietary loads of
      NAOH or sodium chloride, up to about 30 mmol/kg LW per d, without any significant
      disturbance of extracellular acid-base and electrolyte status or body growth
      rate. The surplus mineral and NB loads were absorbed and subsequently excreted in
      an increased volume of urine. Rates of mineral and NB retention were not
      significantly different from the reference values of group A and remained within
      the range of values reported from similar studies. In all groups, maintenance of
      normal whole blood and plasma acid-base and electrolyte status was accounted for
      by efficient renal control of the composition of the extracellular fluid
      compartment.

PMID- 3870689
TI  - The effects of a combined implant of trenbolone acetate and oestradiol-17 beta on
      protein and energy metabolism in growing beef steers.
AB  - 1. The effects on growth performance, energy and nitrogen retention, and leucine
      metabolism of a subcutaneous combined implant of 140 mg trenbolone acetate (TBA)+
      20 mg oestradiol-17 beta (OE) have been examined in Hereford x Friesian beef
      steers (280-520 kg). Comparisons were made both with the same animals before
      implantation and with untreated control animals maintained under similar
      physiological and nutritional conditions. 2. Over a 10 week period the implanted
      steers showed an improvement in rate of live-weight gain (LWG) of 0.5-0.6 with an
      even greater proportional increase in N retention compared with control animals.
      Total energy retention was unaffected and thus the ratio, protein energy: total
      energy gain was 0.43 for implanted steers compared with 0.26 for untreated
      animals. 3. Estimates of protein synthesis and protein oxidation were obtained
      from the specific radioactivities of blood free-leucine and exhaled carbon
      dioxide during continuous infusions of [1-14C]leucine. Whole-body protein
      synthesis, based on metabolic size, and amino acid fractional oxidation remained
      similar for control steers throughout the experiment. Steroid-treated steers
      showed a slight decline in synthesis which was significant (P less than 0.05) at
      week +5 post-implant while amino acid oxidation was significantly lower at weeks
      +2 (P less than 0.01) and +5 (P less than 0.05) compared with control animals.
      The ratio, protein deposition: protein synthesis was 0.05 for control animals but
      0.08-0.10 for steroid-treated animals after implantation. 4. There was a slight
      decrease in urinary N tau-methylhistidine elimination after implantation which
      suggested that muscle protein degradation may be reduced although the estimated
      decrease was insufficient to account for the total improvement in growth rate and
      N retention. 5. The results suggest that for both control and treated steers,
      less than 0.5 of total urine N elimination was derived directly from tissue
      catabolism of protein and amino acids. 6. The combined action of the exogenous
      steroids in the promotion of protein gain, primarily through a decrease in total
      protein degradation with little alteration of total energy retention, is compared
      with present understanding of the role of the endogenous sex hormones.

PMID- 3870690
TI  - Effect of leucine on intestinal absorption of tryptophan in rats.
AB  - 1. To elucidate the causal relation between leucine and the lowering of hepatic
      NAD content of rats fed on a leucine-excessive diet (Yamada et al. 1979), the
      effect of leucine on intestinal absorption of tryptophan was investigated. 2. Co
      administration of [3H]tryptophan and leucine, with leucine at ten times the level
      of tryptophan, delayed absorption of L-[side chain 2,3-3H]tryptophan from the
      digestive tract and incorporation of [3H]tryptophan into portal blood, the liver
      and a protein fraction of the liver. After 120 min, more than 95% of tryptophan
      was absorbed whether [3H]tryptophan was administered with or without leucine. 3.
      Co-administration of a mixture of ten essential amino acids, in proportions
      simulating casein, with [3H]tryptophan markedly delayed absorption of tryptophan
      from the digestive tract. The addition of supplementary leucine to the amino acid
      mixture, however, caused no further delay. 4. In rats prefed a leucine-excessive
      diet for 1 week [3H]tryptophan was absorbed at the same rate as in rats fed on a
      control diet. 5. The results indicate that competition between tryptophan and
      leucine for intestinal absorption did not cause lowering of hepatic NAD.

PMID- 3870691
TI  - Effects of supplemental dietary energy on leucine metabolism in sheep.
AB  - 1. Mixed-breed wethers (40-50 kg), 9 months old, were maintained on high-energy
      (HED) and low-energy (LED) diets for 2 weeks. 2. After a 15 h fast, a primed-dose
      constant infusion of L-[U-14C]leucine and alpha-[4,5-3H]ketoisocaproate (KIC) was
      given. 3. After 2 h, plasma samples were taken and plasma-specific
      radioactivities of 14C- and 3H-labelled leucine and KIC were measured and
      analysed by using an open two-pool model. 4. Less than 20% of the total leucine-C
      entering the circulation was converted to the KIC pool, and 42% of the KIC was
      converted back to the leucine pool; transamination of the leucine to KIC and
      reamination of KIC to leucine was much less than in other species. 5. Additional
      dietary energy resulted in a decrease in tissue protein synthesis, leucine
      oxidation and interconversion of leucine and KIC. Total leucine-C entry was also
      lower in sheep given HED, which was most likely due to a suppression of
      endogenous proteolysis. 6. Plasma glucagon concentration was significantly higher
      (P less than 0.05) in sheep given LED compared with those given HED. The
      concentration of glucagon was closely correlated in all treatments with the
      leucine-C entry (proteolysis + absorbed leucine) and also with KIC-C exit
      (oxidation).

PMID- 3870692
TI  - The effect of potassium and magnesium infusion on plasma Mg concentration and Mg
      balance in ewes.
AB  - 1. Concentrations of magnesium in plasma, the ionic concentration in rumen
      digesta supernatant fractions, Mg balance and electropotential differences were
      measured in three ewes which were fed on grass and supplemented with potassium
      and Mg by intraruminal infusion. 2. Mean plasma Mg concentrations were unaltered
      by combined K and Mg treatments, but fell (P less than 0.001) when K alone was
      infused. 3. The mean concentrations, in rumen digesta, of sodium and K varied
      reciprocally (P less than 0.001) with each other when K was infused, but were
      unaffected by Mg infusion. The mean Mg concentrations in rumen digesta fell (P
      less than 0.01) with K infusion but rose (P less than 0.001) with Mg infusion. 4.
      Absorption and excretion of Mg rose (P less than 0.001) when Mg intake was
      increased but was unaffected by K intake.

PMID- 3870693
TI  - Use of a nylon-bag technique for pig feed digestibility studies.
AB  - 1. The use of a nylon-bag technique for pig feed digestibility determination was
      studied. Bags, measuring 25 x 40 mm and containing feed samples, were introduced
      into the pig gastrointestinal tract through a duodenal cannula, and recovered in
      the faeces between 23 and 69 h later. The disappearance of organic matter and
      crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25) from the bags was compared with in vivo apparent
      digestibility, determined by conventional faecal-collection methods, and neutral
      detergent-fibre content for eleven feeds. The residues left in the bags after
      passage through the intestine from whole-crop-pea (Pisum sativum) and barley
      grain samples were analysed for starch, non-starch polysaccharide residues,
      Klason lignin, crude protein and ash. 2. Dry matter disappearance of barley or
      whole-crop peas was not influenced by increasing bag pore size from 10 to 36
      microns or sample weight from 250 to 1000 mg. Pepsin (EC 3.4.2.1) pretreatment
      had no effect on the degradation in the bags of the feeds investigated. 3.
      Organic matter and crude protein disappearance from the bags exceeded in vivo
      apparent digestibility by up to 0.10 and 0.42 units respectively. In vivo
      apparent organic matter digestibility could be predicted (P less than 0.001) by
      the organic matter disappearance from the bags and the neutral-detergent-fibre
      content of the feed, while in vivo apparent crude protein digestibility was
      highly correlated (P less than 0.001) to all these indices but poorly to crude
      protein disappearance from the bags. 4. Klason lignin was the least degraded
      component measured in the whole-crop-pea and barley residues from the bags, while
      starch was completely digested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3870694
TI  - The effect of provision of the first-limiting amino acid, gastrointestinal
      microbial activity and the level of nitrogen intake on protein utilization and
      energy digestibility in rats.
AB  - 1. The present work with growing rats was undertaken to study the effect of
      protein quality, gastrointestinal microbial activity and the level of nitrogen
      intake on protein utilization and energy digestibility. The experiment involved a
      total of thirty-six dietary treatments in a 9 x 4 factorial design, with five
      rats per treatment. The thirty-six diets resulted from nine protein sources. Each
      diet was composed of a basal N-free mixture plus minerals and vitamins, with N
      sources added at the expense of the N-free mixture to provide 15.0 gN/kg dry
      matter (DM) in the first three protein-addition treatments and 30.0 gN/kg DM in
      the fourth protein-addition treatment. The nine protein sources were soya-bean
      meal, casein, wheat gluten, skim-milk powder, meat-and-bone meal, wheat bran,
      barley, wheat and cooked brown beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). The four formulations
      for each protein source incorporated the protein unsupplemented at 15.0 gN/kg DM,
      unsupplemented at 30.0 gN/kg DM, or supplemented at 15.0 gN/kg DM with the
      estimated first-limiting amino acid or the antibiotic Nebacitin. 2. With all
      protein sources, the inclusion of the first-limiting amino acid had no effect on
      either protein or energy digestibility. 3. The microbial activity in the
      digestive tract affected protein utilization and energy digestibility to a
      different degree depending primarily on the level and type of dietary fibre. True
      protein digestibility (TD) of skim-milk powder and brown beans, both rich in
      easily-fermentable energy, increased from 0.959 to 1.000 and from 0.680 to 0.777
      respectively by the addition of Nebacitin. TD of the other protein sources was
      only marginally affected by the antibiotic treatment. Only with brown beans was
      the biological value (BV) markedly affected by Nebacitin with an increase from
      0.482 to 0.557 by the treatment. Energy digestibility was significantly lower in
      rats given antibiotic with soya-bean meal, wheat bran, barley, wheat and brown
      beans. 4. The effect of level of N intake on protein utilization was dependent on
      both protein quality and the fibre concentration of the diet. Protein sources
      with high BV were more affected than proteins of lower BV. It was concluded that
      TD is not always independent of dietary protein concentration.

PMID- 3870695
TI  - Responses to oral methionine supplementation in sheep fed on kale (Brassica
      oleracea) diets containing S-methyl-L-cysteine sulphoxide.
AB  - 1. Responses to twice-weekly oral supplementation with 4.0 g methionine were
      measured with lambs (27 kg) grazing kale (Brassica oleracea) for 10 weeks (Expt
      1). In a second experiment with sheep fed on kale at hourly intervals, rumen
      fractional outflow rates of CrEDTA and ruthenium Tris(1,10 phenanthroline)
      markers were measured from the rates of decline in their concentrations. Rumen
      turnover of S-methyl-L-cysteine sulphoxide (SMCO) and of carbohydrate (CHO)
      constituents were also measured. The kale fed contained 11.4 g SMCO/kg dry matter
      and the ratio, readily-fermentable: structural CHO was high at 2.9. 2. Severe
      haemolytic anaemia, associated with low live-weight gain (LWG), occurred in the
      lambs during the initial 5 weeks of grazing, due to rumen fermentation of SMCO.
      Oral methionine supplementation raised plasma concentrations of methionine and
      cysteine, increased wool growth rate, and increased LWG during the initial 5
      weeks. Methionine supplementation also increased rumen pool and plasma SMCO
      concentrations, suggesting reduced rumen SMCO fermentation. 3. In Expt 2, rumen
      degradation rate of SMCO (1.2/h) was calculated to be twice as fast as that of
      the most rapidly fermented dietary CHO constituents and eight times faster than
      the rate of water outflow (0.16/h), thus explaining its virtually complete rumen
      degradation and toxicity in brassica diets. It was estimated that 1.2 g of each
      4.0 g methionine administered would have escaped rumen degradation, due to the
      high rate of water outflow from the rumen. 4. Disappearance rates of CHO
      constituents from the rumen were as predicted for normal ruminant diets, showing
      that rumen metabolism of SMCO did not have a depressive effect.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3870696
TI  - The digestion of fresh perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Melle) and white
      clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Blanca) by growing cattle fed indoors.
AB  - 1. Pure swards of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Melle) or white
      clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Blanca) were harvested daily at three and two
      stages of growth respectively, and offered to housed cattle. The grass diets
      comprised primary growth (May) and two later regrowths of contrasting morphology
      (i.e. leaf: stem values of 1.54 and 2.84 respectively), and were characterized by
      high contents of water-soluble carbohydrate and neutral-detergent fibre and
      comparable in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibilities (mean 0.80). Total nitrogen
      content was higher on primary growth grass (34 g/kg DM) than on regrowths (23
      g/kg DM) but lower than values obtained for the two clover diets (38 and 43 g/kg
      DM, respectively). The clover diets had lower water-soluble carbohydrate contents
      than the grasses, comparable cellulose, but lower neutral-detergent fibre
      contents and in vitro DM digestibilities of 0.70 and 0.77 respectively. 2. The
      experiment lasted from May until August, during which time a total of twenty-one
      young Friesian steers (initial average live weight 130 kg) were used to determine
      both nutrient supply to the small intestine (twelve animals) and apparent
      digestibility (nine animals). Each diet was offered at three levels of DM intake
      (i.e. 18, 22 and 26 g/kg live weight). A further six steers, all fed at the rate
      of 22 g DM/kg live weight, were used to determine the metabolizable energy
      contents of the five diets by means of open-circuit calorimetry. 3. The three
      grass diets and the later-cut clover had, as intended, quite similar in vivo
      organic matter digestibilities, but that of the earlier-cut clover was lower, and
      this was associated with a large number of flower heads in this crop at the time
      of feeding. 4. On the clover diets, proportionately less of the ingested organic
      matter appeared to be digested in the rumen (0.40) compared with the grass diets
      (0.58) (P less than 0.001). On the high-N primary grass and the clover diets,
      substantial rumen losses of N were detected (P less than 0.01) compared with
      regrowth grasses. 5. The metabolizable energy content of the primary growth of
      grass was 12.2 MJ/kg DM, whilst the values for the other two grass diets were
      lower (11.6 MJ/kg DM), despite no marked decline in overall energy digestibility.
      Values for the two clover diets (mean 10.5 MJ/kg DM) were considerably lower than
      all values noted for the grasses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3870697
TI  - Nutritional blindness and diarrhoea in Bangladesh.

PMID- 3870698
TI  - Carcinogenesis and DNA repair.

PMID- 3870699
TI  - Family medicine education in the hospital.

PMID- 3870700
TI  - Inpatient experience of family practice residents in a community hospital.
AB  - Decisions regarding residency training require repeated reevaluation of
      organization and curriculum. Developing an autonomous inpatient teaching service
      may become necessary in many community hospitals because of a new competitive
      environment. To predict the impact of this possible change in one community
      program, we performed a retrospective analysis of 2,735 admissions to a community
      hospital during a one-year period. Residents' cases were compared with those of
      practicing family physicians and general internists. If family practice residents
      in this hospital were limited to an autonomous service, their overall experience
      and management of patients would be comparable to practicing primary care
      physicians in the same community hospital. However, volume would be inadequate
      and exposure to certain types of problems and situations would be limited. In
      multivariable analysis age, payment status, total consultation rate, many
      diagnostic categories, and some specific diagnoses separate residents from
      practicing physicians. As a particular example, internists have a concentration
      of geriatric patients and patients with cardiovascular disease. In order to
      utilize this experience, family practice residents in this hospital cannot rely
      solely on an autonomous teaching service.

PMID- 3870701
TI  - Implementation of recommended health maintenance activities in geriatric care.
AB  - To determine the extent to which health screening and preventive measures are
      actually documented in family practice, a random sample of 216 charts of
      established patients over 65 in seven practices was audited. Overall, a high rate
      of documentation (greater than 95%) was observed for blood pressure measurement.
      Intermediate rates of documentation (35% to 75%) were observed for oral cavity
      examination, smoking history, and skin examination. Low rates (less than 30%)
      were present for tetanus immunization, influenza immunization, stool occult blood
      testing, visual screening, hearing screening, mental status testing, social
      support description, and discussion of care preferences (living will). Several
      diagnoses for which screening was infrequently documented were recorded at rates
      approaching expected community prevalence figures, a finding that suggests
      widespread performance of informal or undocumented health screening in these
      practices. Recommended measures to increase the performance and documentation of
      preventive care include changes in the medical record, alterations in
      reimbursement, and delegation to nonphysician office staff.

PMID- 3870702
TI  - Teaching about the family of the institutionalized elderly--an interdiscipline
      approach.

PMID- 3870703
TI  - Family practice curriculum: how well does it reflect family practice?
AB  - We developed a survey to send alumni from the family practice program at the
      University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. Program graduates were asked how
      well they had been trained in 29 curricular areas during their residency program.
      Family practice alumni from programs in Virginia, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and
      Washington responded to similar questions in previous studies. The Kendal
      coefficient of concordance was used to determine whether or not graduates of
      these programs saw the same pattern of curricular strengths and weaknesses;
      results showed a similar pattern of training needs across the country (W = .81, P
      less than .001). Alumni saw a need for more training in orthopedics,
      rehabilitation, and office management.

PMID- 3870704
TI  - Redesigning a psychological counseling course: issues and guidelines.
AB  - Though the adequacy and relevancy of behavioral science education for family
      practice residents has been questioned, the existing literature offers only
      limited assistance for undertaking curriculum redesign. More specifically, there
      is no advice on how differences in teacher and learner perceptions of behavioral
      science can be used to develop goals, content, and teaching strategies in this
      area. This paper describes how a behavioral science course in psychological
      counseling was systematically redesigned, guided by six specific questions: (1)
      What are the instructor's assumptions about the subject matter? (2) How does the
      learner perceive course material? (3) What outcomes should be obtained? (4) What
      content matches desired outcomes? (5) What are the most suitable teaching
      strategies? (6) How can effectiveness of instruction be evaluated? Each question
      is outlined, and its application to the current course is discussed. Residents'
      self-assessments indicate knowledge gain in ability to articulate a counseling
      framework, to gather psychological information, and to intervene appropriately as
      a result of the course. The data reflect the need to expose residents to
      theoretical concepts as well as practical content when teaching counseling.

PMID- 3870705
TI  - Entry of U.S. medical school graduates into family practice residencies: a
      national study, December 1983.
AB  - This study is the second in a series of reports from the American Academy of
      Family Physicians on the percentage of each medical school's graduates who enter
      family practice residency programs. Approximately 12.9% of the 15,985 graduates
      of United States medical schools between July 1981 and June 1982 were first-year
      residents in family practice in December 1982. The West North Central region
      reports the highest percentage of medical school graduates who were first-year
      residents in family practice programs in December 1982; the New England and
      Middle Atlantic regions had the lowest percentage. Medical school graduates from
      publicly funded medical schools were twice as likely to be first-year residents
      in family practice in December 1982 as were graduates from privately funded
      medical schools.

PMID- 3870706
TI  - Collaboration in medicine education.

PMID- 3870707
TI  - A family practice residency inpatient teaching service.

PMID- 3870708
TI  - In pursuit of excellence.

PMID- 3870709
TI  - Impressions of health care and medical education in Japan.

PMID- 3870710
TI  - How necessary is practice experience?

PMID- 3870711
TI  - Another viewpoint on Myers-Briggs.

PMID- 3870713
TI  - Possible cause of privilege problems.

PMID- 3870712
TI  - "What is," and "what should be?".

PMID- 3870714
TI  - Reflections on fellowships.

PMID- 3870715
TI  - Studies on deficiency of Schwann cell basal lamina and deformation of collagen
      fibres induced by beta-aminopropionitrile in cultures of developing rat
      peripheral neurons.
AB  - The morphological analysis in culture of superior cervical ganglia and dorsal
      root ganglia showed the following: (1) collagen fibres external to the neurite
      bundles were larger than those inside the neurite bundles in both control and
      BAPN-treated cultures; (2) there was much more irregularity of shape in external
      than in internal fibres in dorsal root ganglia with BAPN; (3) there was reduced
      basal lamina formation by Schwann cells in both types of ganglia (Okada & Bunge,
      1981); (4) basal lamina formation in the superior cervical ganglion was reduced
      as the days of treatment with BAPN increased (from 94.7% with one day of
      treatment to 66.7% with 8 days of treatment; (5) in the dorsal root ganglion
      preparation, the myelin internode was shorter in BAPN (105.1 micron +/- 34.5
      micron) than in control media (127.8 micron +/- 32.8 micron: P less than 0.001);
      (6) there was no significant difference in thickness of myelin between controls
      (2.9 micron +/- 0.9 micron) and those treated with BAPN (2.7 micron +/- 0.7
      micron: 0.05 less than P less than 0.1); (7) the node of Ranvier was more
      elongated in BAPN (5.1 micron +/- 4.1 micron) than in control media (2.5 micron
      +/- 0.8 micron; P less than 0.01). The relationship between connective tissue
      abnormalities caused by BAPN and of the basal lamina formation of myelin-forming
      cells affected by BAPN is discussed.

PMID- 3870716
TI  - Changes in myelin sheath thickness and internode geometry in the rabbit phrenic
      nerve during growth.
AB  - The rabbit phrenic nerve was studied at seven phases of growth from the newborn
      to the adult to determine the length of the nerve fibres, the length of the
      internodes, the fibre calibre, the geometric proportions of the internodes and
      the thickness of the myelin sheaths. The elongation of the internodes
      corresponded precisely to the elongation of the nerve, indicating a constant
      number of approximately 140 internodes per fibre, each internode elongating
      commensurate with body growth. Internode elongation was accompanied by increases
      in fibre calibre, but these parameters did not change in precise proportion. The
      internodes of thick fibres were relatively short for calibre, as defined by the
      length/diameter quotient. This trend of foreshortening changed during growth.
      Sheath thickness, defined by the quotient axon diameter/fibre diameter, was
      determined with a computer-assisted method. Fibres of young rabbits had
      relatively thin sheaths for axon calibre, compared with adult rabbits. The
      changes in sheath thickness corresponded to the changes in internode geometry.
      This was consistent with previous studies showing that elongation or
      foreshortening of an internode of a given calibre has a slight, but definite
      effect on the thickness of its myelin sheath.

PMID- 3870717
TI  - Sagittal evaluation of elemental geometrical dimensions of human vertebrae.
AB  - Geometrical configuration and dimensions of the human vertebra were investigated
      using radiographs of 157 normal healthy adult men. Measurements were based on
      five bony reference points, which can be defined in radiographs. The measurements
      permit the determination of nine dimensions that can be used for anthropometrical
      evaluation of the cervical and lumbar vertebrae. A simplified model of the
      vertebra in the sagittal plane is presented and serves as a basis for the
      geometrical measurements. In the cervical region, average width exceeded average
      height of vertebral bodies C3 to C7, while in C2 the average width was smaller
      than the average height; C7 was the longest and C3 the shortest cervical
      vertebra. In the lumbar region, average width exceeded average height of the
      vertebral bodies. Values for width and height did not differ significantly from
      L1 to L5; L3 was the longest and L5 the shortest lumbar vertebra.

PMID- 3870718
TI  - Immunohistochemical evidence for the occurrence of vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide (VIP)-containing nerve fibres in human fetal abdominal paraganglia.
AB  - The abdominal paraganglia in man represent a major source of catecholamines, and
      perhaps peptide hormones, during the fetal period. The nature of the innervation
      of the abdominal paraganglia was studied immunohistochemically by utilising
      antibodies to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, enkephalin, substance-P and
      somatostatin. The paraganglia showed an abundant network of VIP-immunoreactive
      fibres, and similar nerve fibres were found within nerve bundles of the preaortic
      sympathetic plexus. Occasionally, VIP-immunoreactive fibres were seen within the
      prevertebral ganglia, but stained cell bodies were never observed. It may be
      suggested that VIP-containing nerves could regulate a secretory response from
      fetal human abdominal paraganglia.

PMID- 3870720
TI  - Failure to demonstrate sexual dimorphism of the corpus callosum in childhood.
AB  - A quantitative and morphological study was made of the corpus callosum in
      children to assess possible sex differences. The shape of the splenium of the
      corpus callosum was observed to vary between bulbous and cylindrical types with
      respect to the body of the callosum. The variation was not gender-specific and
      covariate analyses taking account of brain weight and age detected no differences
      in splenial width or area between males and females in childhood. This is in
      contrast to the situation reported in adults.

PMID- 3870719
TI  - Effect of spinal cord hemisection on rubrospinal neurons in the albino rat.
AB  - After injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the lumbar cord segments of
      adult albino rats, the rubrospinal (RS-LS) neurons projecting to lumbar cord
      segments are located predominantly in the ventral and ventrolateral region of the
      contralateral red nucleus, with a small contingent located ipsilaterally, as
      reported previously (Shieh et al. 1983). The same pattern of labelling occurs in
      animals subjected to right cervical and thoracic cord hemisections in rats aged 3
      10 days, 20 days and 2-3 months. Nor are there statistically significant
      differences in the numbers of contralateral (P less than 0.3) and ipsilateral (P
      less than 0.3) RS-LS neurons between the control and experimental animals. In the
      experimental group, there are also no significant differences between the numbers
      of contralaterally (P less than 0.2) versus ipsilaterally (P less than 0.5)
      labelled RS-LS neurons in animals hemisected 3-5 days and 20-90 days postnatally.
      The lack of sprouting to the lumbar cord from the RS-LS neurons on either side
      might be correlated with the existence of the rubrospinal projection at birth. In
      at least two 3 days, two 10 days, two weanling and two adult experimental
      animals, an increase in the total area of contralaterally labelled RS-LS neurons
      could be demonstrated. An increase also occurs in the proportion of medium sized
      neurons in the lateral horn region of the contralaterally labelled RS-LS neurons
      in at least three neonatal and three adult experimental animals.

PMID- 3870721
TI  - Third trochanter incidence and metric trait covariation in the human femur.
AB  - The relationship between third trochanter incidence and femoral metric trait
      covariation has been investigated in a group of 60 left human femora. The
      experimental sample was constructed so that one group consisted of 15 male and 15
      female femora which displayed a third trochanter and a second group consisted of
      an equal number of sexed long bones which lacked this trait. A battery of ten
      femoral measurements was sorted according to main effects and interactions and
      respective covariance matrices were tested for equivalence. Covariance matrices
      of sorted variables determined not to be significantly different were initially
      subjected to both ANOVA and MANOVA and subsequently to a principal component
      analysis. Covariance matrices determined to be significantly different were
      subjected to a principal component analysis separately. Results of this study
      indicate that third trochanter incidence is associated with short femora
      displaying robust proximal diaphyses. The gluteus maximus muscle may act as a
      primary factor governing third trochanter expression. Further, this infracranial
      discrete trait appears well suited for human taxonomy studies.

PMID- 3870722
TI  - Sex differences in adrenocortical structure and function. XIX. Differences in the
      compensatory hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex of the male and female hamster
      after unilateral adrenalectomy.
AB  - Stereological studies on the adrenal cortex of unilaterally adrenalectomised
      hamsters have revealed differences in adrenal compensatory hypertrophy in male
      and female animals. The operation evokes an increase in the average volume of the
      zona fasciculata cells in the male and of the zona reticularis cells in the
      female.

PMID- 3870723
TI  - The sensory innervation of the nasal glabrous skin in the short-nosed bandicoot
      (Isoodon macrourus) and the opossum (Didelphis virginiana).
AB  - The glabrous skin at the anterior end of the snout of the short-nosed bandicoot
      and the American opossum was investigated by electron microscopy. In both species
      of animals, this region was lined by skin with broad epidermal pegs, innervated
      by three types of intraepidermal nerves. These were intraepidermal nerves which
      penetrated the epidermis up to the level of the stratum spinosum or the stratum
      granulosum, intraepidermal nerves in the basal layer of the epidermis partially
      surrounded by Schwann cell lamellae and intraepidermal nerves associated with
      Merkel cells. There were two types of free nerve endings in the dermis. The first
      type was derived from the deep dermal nerve plexus and had the typical
      characteristics of nerve terminals such as mitochondria, vesicles, irregularly
      arranged neurotubules and neurofilaments, and glycogen granules. There was a one
      to-one relationship between Schwann cell lamellae and these nerve terminals. The
      second type of nerve ending was brush-like and the ends of the 'brushes' were
      enclosed in groups by a single Schwann cell lamella. Encapsulated nerve endings
      in the two types of animals differed in their structure. In the bandicoot, they
      consisted of a nerve terminal which had one to three branches. These terminals
      were rounded in profile and were surrounded by Schwann cell lamellae in a stack
      like arrangement. An unusual finding was that the terminal sometimes left the
      corpuscle and made contact with the basal lamina of the epidermis before passing
      into its basal layer. These corpuscles did not have a perineural capsule. In the
      opossum, however, simple corpuscles with inner cores completely surrounded by a
      perineural capsule were seen. The glabrous skin of both types of animals was
      innervated with Eimer's organs consisting of intraepidermal nerves, Merkel cell
      nerve endings and encapsulated end-organs, as well as two types of dermal nerve
      endings.

PMID- 3870724
TI  - The histogenesis of the gonad in rat embryos.
AB  - Gonadogenesis was investigated using Wistar rat embryos at 12-14 days after
      fertilisation. In indifferent gonads, a mesonephric tubule which bifurcates from
      the mesonephric duct at the upper end of the gonadal anlage ramifies into six to
      eight branches, the distal portions of which are contiguous, in contact with, or
      in close proximity to, the coelomic epithelium of the gonadal ridge. After the
      primordial germ cells reach the gonadal ridge, the overlying epithelium
      proliferates and clear cells appear in the distal portion of each mesonephric
      tubule, proliferating and forming cord-like structures. The primordial germ cells
      appear to enter these cell cords by an amoeboid type of movement. The basal
      lamina covering the cell cord partially disappears near the germ cells. The germ
      cells within the cord migrate toward the proximal portion of the cell cord and
      proliferate in great profusion. From the present observations, it can be
      concluded that the gonad is mainly formed of clear cell cords originating in
      mesonephric tubules into which germ cells have entered. The original mesenchymal
      cells and blood vessels form the interstitial tissue of the gonad. The rete
      testis and rete ovarii are of mesonephric tubule origin.

PMID- 3870725
TI  - The functional morphology of the superior articular processes of the lumbar
      vertebrae.
AB  - The bony trabeculae in the superior articular processes of the lumbar vertebrae
      form a series of overlapping pointed arches that correspond to the lines of
      stress produced during rotation. By using a photoelastic model, it has been
      possible to demonstrate that this structural arrangement is a functional
      adaptation to alternate lateral and medial bending movements. The functional
      significance of the articular processes is obviously to limit rotation, which can
      take place in the lumbar segment of the vertebral column during any asymmetrical
      movement of the body. The alternate bending movements of the superior articular
      processes arise partly from the laterally directed pressure of the corresponding
      inferior process, and partly from the medially directed pull of the firm
      'transverse strengthening ligaments' of the joint capsule.

PMID- 3870726
TI  - Mechanism of locking at the knee joint.
AB  - The articular contours of the femoral and tibial condyles show certain basic
      features that in themselves appear sufficient to effect locking at the knee joint
      during the terminal stages of extension. The essential feature on the femoral
      condyles is a convex surface adapted for rolling. On the tibia, the contours that
      chiefly influence rotation are the concave up slope on the anterior portion of
      the medial condyle that brings the rolling medial femoral condyle to a skidding
      halt, and the flattening or convex down slope on the anterior part of the lateral
      tibial condyle that allows the rolling of the lateral femoral condyle to continue
      further forwards, thus bringing about medial rotation of the shaft. Load on the
      joint must assist in the locking movement by enhancing the influence of the bony
      contours.

PMID- 3870727
TI  - The early development of the human subcommissural organ.
AB  - The human subcommissural organ appears in the second month of intrauterine life,
      in a 27 mm embryo, later than the posterior commissure and concurrently with the
      pineal gland.

PMID- 3870728
TI  - Presence of ribonucleoproteins and basic proteins in the nuage and
      intermitochondrial bars of human spermatogonia.
AB  - Ultrastructural cytochemical study of the nuage in the human adult testis
      revealed that this structure was a cytoplasmic fine fibrillar electron-dense
      mass, similar to the chromatoid body of spermatids, in all spermatogonial types
      and spermatocytes. The nuage was often observed in relation with the nucleus or
      mitochondria. Cytochemical techniques showed staining affinity of the nuage for
      both ethanolic phosphotungstic acid and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid. The
      intermitochondrial bars were also stained with the two procedures. The results
      suggest that the nuage originates from the nucleus and migrates to the cytoplasm
      through nuclear pores, giving rise to the intermitochondrial bars.

PMID- 3870729
TI  - Arteriovenous anastomoses in interscapular brown adipose tissue in the rat.

PMID- 3870730
TI  - Postnatal growth of the mouse bladder.
AB  - Data are presented on the postnatal growth of the mouse bladder. Both bladder
      size (measured as surface area) and bladder wet weight increase steadily with
      age, respectively reaching 2.5 times and 4 times their newborn values by the age
      of ten weeks. Despite this growth, which may be due principally to non-urothelial
      components of the bladder, the body weight rises 10-15 fold above the newborn
      levels. The ratio of bladder weight to the total body weight steadily declines
      from a peak value in newborn mice to a stable plateau reached at about five weeks
      of age. The results indicate that a fairly mature bladder exists at birth.

PMID- 3870731
TI  - The development and differentiation of human seminal vesicles.
AB  - The development and differentiation of the human seminal vesicles has been
      studied using 14 human male fetuses and 4 postnatal specimens. Earlier accounts
      of the morphogenesis of the seminal vesicle have been reviewed and commented upon
      in the light of the present findings. Previously undocumented observations
      include the movements of the mesenchyme, the formation of epithelial folds and
      the development of the lamina propria and tunica muscularis. Epithelial
      differentiation is also described. The function of the basal cells and the
      possible prepubertal secretory activity of the seminal vesicle are discussed.
      More work is required on the differentiation of the vesicle between birth and
      puberty.

PMID- 3870732
TI  - Elastic fibres in the anulus fibrosus of the adult human lumbar intervertebral
      disc. A preliminary report.
AB  - Two intervertebral discs were removed at autopsy from the lumbar region of the
      spine from male or female adult human cases at the following ages: 26, 34, 43, 50
      and 62 years. The discs were prepared by paraffin wax embedding, sectioned
      serially and stained with haematoxylin and eosin or by Verhoff's elastic fibre
      method. Four light microscopy photomicrographs were made of randomly selected 400
      micron 2 areas of anulus fibrosus matrix (two each from different levels of a
      single disc). Each photomicrograph was examined for elastic fibres, and the areas
      occupied by them were quantitated by manual planimetry. Elastic fibres were
      observed in all lamellae of the anulus fibrosus at lumbar levels and they were
      circularly, obliquely and vertically oriented. Approximately 10% of the matrix of
      the anulus fibrosus consisted of elastic fibres and their numbers tended to
      decrease slightly with increasing age of the individual.

PMID- 3870733
TI  - Morphometry of mitochondria in ovine forestomach epithelia: high densities of
      mitochondria correlate with specialised metabolic activity.
AB  - The volume density of mitochondria and the surface density of mitochondrial inner
      membranes were investigated in the stratified squamous epithelia of the
      oesophagus and forestomachs of sheep, and in the oesophagus and nonglandular part
      of the ventricle of rats. The higher values found for both parameters in all
      forestomach regions are thought to be correlated with the special metabolic
      activity known to take place in these epithelia.

PMID- 3870734
TI  - Anatomical symmetry in the hind limbs and spinal motoneurons in frogs.
AB  - The weight of muscles and bones of the right and left hind limbs has been studied
      in 60 frogs. In the first ten frogs studied, the number and size of motoneurons
      of the seventh, eighth and ninth lumbar spinal segments (which give origin to the
      sciatic nerve) were studied on both sides. This was done to ascertain the
      relationship between motoneuron size and limb dominance. No statistically
      significant difference was observed in the weights of the right and left hind
      limbs indicating that frogs do not show one-sided hind limb dominance. This
      result stands in marked contrast to a previous report of asymmetry in bone weight
      in frogs. Similarly no significant difference was observed in the numerical
      distribution of neurons and their size between the two sides of the spinal cord.

PMID- 3870735
TI  - The organisation of the efferent projections of the zona incerta.
AB  - The hypothesis that the six cytoarchitectonically distinct subdivisions of the
      zona incerta send efferent projections to different parts of the brain was tested
      using retrograde fluorescent tracing techniques. Injections of tracer in the
      superior colliculus, pontomesencephalic tegmentum, thalamus or spinal cord
      resulted in characteristic and distinctive patterns of labelling in the zona
      incerta, suggesting that the different subdivisions of the zona incerta give rise
      to different sets of efferent projections. Thus, injections into the deep layers
      of the superior colliculus resulted in retrogradely labelled neurons
      predominantly in the zona incerta pars ventralis, whereas injections into the
      pontomesencephalic tegmentum, avoiding the superior colliculus, labelled neurons
      mostly in the zona incerta pars dorsalis. Parafascicular thalamic injections
      resulted in labelled neurons in the zona incerta pars rostropolaris, pars
      dorsalis, pars caudalis and a few in the pars ventralis. The spinal cord
      injections labelled predominantly the magnocellular cells of the zona incerta.
      The results of the double labelling experiment also give support to the
      conclusion that different areas of the zona incerta give rise to largely
      individual sets of efferent projections. Combined injections of tracers into the
      superior colliculus and thalamus resulted in the labelling of two essentially
      independent cell groups, the tectal projecting cells being found mainly in the
      zona incerta pars ventralis and the thalamic projecting cells being found in the
      zona incerta pars rostropolaris, pars dorsalis and pars caudalis. However, a
      small number of double labelled cells was found. These cells, which presumably
      send collateral projections to both the tectum and the thalamus, were found
      mainly in the dorsal part of the zona incerta pars ventralis, immediately next to
      the pars dorsalis. In the light of these findings it would appear that the zona
      incerta may be organised into largely distinct subdivisions, each of which has
      its own set of cytoarchitectonic and efferent projection characteristics.

PMID- 3870736
TI  - Texture, stress and age in the human femur.
AB  - The way in which remodelling of human bone is determined by the mechanics of life
      is explored in a neutron diffraction study of the femur. The hydroxyapatite
      crystals provide ability to resist vertical stress by a preferred alignment which
      is low at birth, increases to a maximum at an age of about three years and then
      falls away steadily in later life. This vertical alignment is greater at the
      front of the femur than at the back.

PMID- 3870737
TI  - [Morphology of the mycelium of Ascobolus furfuraceus using different sources of
      nitrogen].
AB  - Ascobolus furfuraceus mycelium showed morphological variations when grown with
      different nitrogen sources. The hyphae were compared using as parameters cell
      diameter and length, branching and vacuolization. The variations in cell size,
      vacuolar area and branching, in response to the nitrogen source, suggest that the
      nitrogen regime plays a controlling role in the growth of the mycelium as well as
      in the morphogenesis of the cells. The results are discussed in relation to
      previous data on the metabolic efficiency of the fungus.

PMID- 3870738
TI  - [Kinetics of the bacteriostatic activity of natural and synthetic chalcones on a
      strain of Staphylococcus aureus].
AB  - The bacteriostatic action exerted by natural chalcones (2',4'-dihydroxychalcone
      and 2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone) and by synthetic chalcones (chalcone, 2'
      hydroxychalcone, 2'4-dihydroxychalcone and 2'-hydroxy-4-methoxychalcone) on
      Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25 923 Strain) was investigated. In addition, the
      influence of the concentration, nature and position of the substituents of the
      mentioned drugs on the specific growth rate of the germ was determined.
      Qualitative tests made on nutritive agar plates showed the inhibitory action of
      chalcone and its dihydroxyl derivatives. Quantitative experiments were made in
      nutritive broth at 33 degrees C, with permanent stirring (200 rpm), measuring the
      microbial growth by turbidimetry at 720 nm. The results distinguish the strong
      bacteriostatic effect of 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone and 2',4-dihydroxychalcone,
      which at low concentrations caused complete inhibition of microorganism growth,
      from the other chalcones studies which only reduced the up to a limiting value.
      The presence of an hydroxyl group in the A or B ring of 2'-hydroxychalcone
      increases its bacteriostatic activity, being this effect stronger at position 4'
      (ring A) than at position 4 (ring B). The introduction of a methoxy group into
      the 2'-hydroxychalcone structure causes a decrease of its inhibitory power.

PMID- 3870739
TI  - [Microbiological quality of dehydrated and instant products for infants and
      children ].
AB  - A total of 23 lots of dehydrated and instant products for babies and children
      were analyzed. Neither Salmonella, C. perfringens, B. cereus, St. aureus, Group A
      beta-hemolytic streptococci, fecal coliforms, E. coli nor aflatoxins could be
      detected in the 115 samples studied. With the exception of the cereals, results
      obtained for the Aerobic Plate Count (RAP), the Moulds and Yeast Count (RHL) and
      the Total Coliforms Count (RCT) were, respectively, 91% equal of lower then 3 per
      gram, and 92% lower than 100 per gram. The results obtained justify the
      proposition of consultants of FAO/WHO, to limit determination to RAP, RCT, and
      investigation of Salmonella. According to specifications of FAO/WHO, 10,5% of the
      lots examined would be considered non acceptable. With regard to the cereals, the
      lower sensitivity of the used techniques, due to the physical sample
      characteristics, makes it advisable to adopt RHL here, too.

PMID- 3870740
TI  - [Survival of Azospirillum in the rhizosphere of Festuca arundinacea].
AB  - In two experiments Festuca seeds (4 or 20 seeds/pot in first or second experiment
      respectively) were inoculated with Azospirillum strains (sp 7, mutant
      streptomycin resistant and G strain) in controlled laboratory conditions. Two
      illumination regimes were employed (197 and 274 microE. m-2.s-1, respectively).
      sp 7 cell number was determined during both experiments. The total number of
      diazotrophic bacteria was also determined on different dates. In both experiments
      the control pots received the same number of autoclaving bacteria. The results
      suggested that: (i) sp 7 number decreased in both experiments to 4 - 5% from
      initial number in 22 and 23 day after inoculation. This suggests that the plant
      density and illumination range employed did not affect the inoculum survival;
      (ii) the evolution of the number of different native diazotrophics strains, along
      the experiment, showed that this microbial number decrease in inoculated and
      control pots was related to the initial number.

PMID- 3870741
TI  - [Susceptibility of hybrid varieties of sunflower to the formation of aflatoxins].
AB  - Aflatoxin is produced on sunflower varieties and hybrids. Since it has been
      demonstrated that sunflower seed are a natural substrate for aflatoxin production
      in our country, 4 varieties and 11 hybrids were studied to determine aflatoxin
      susceptibility. The samples were analyzed after 7 days of inoculation with A.
      parasiticus NRRL 2999. The varieties and hybrids showed different capacity of
      toxin production being the varieties more susceptible than the hybrids.

PMID- 3870742
TI  - [The genus Fusarium in Argentina. II. Identification of species which affect
      crops in the La Plata region].
AB  - Isolations from different hosts were performed to identify by their
      morphological, biometric and culture characteristics the species of the genus
      Fusarium commonly affecting crops in La Plata and its surroundings. An
      identification index was designed with the species isolated and a comparative
      chart was constructed through a revision of the genus to establish equivalents
      between the main classification systems.

PMID- 3870743
TI  - [Enterotoxigenicity and biochemical features of strains of Staphylococcus aureus
      of different origins ].
AB  - A total of 118 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from routine sampling,
      samples from food poisoning outbreaks and human clinical specimens were examined
      for the production of enterotoxins A, B, C, D and E. The toxic properties of
      strains were compared with other biochemical characteristics and with the
      sensitivity to antibiotics. Of the total strains examined, 17.8% (21 strains)
      produced enterotoxins, and of the toxigenic strains, 81% (17 strains) produced
      just one type of enterotoxin and 19% (4 strains) two types. Enterotoxin A
      production was found in 52.4% strains, the other enterotoxins detected in
      decreasing order of frequency were: C; B; AD; D; AB and BD. All the strains
      examined produced catalases, coagulases, thermonuclease and fermented glucose; 81
      and 89.7% for toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains, respectively, fermented
      mannitol; 47.6 and 54.6% hydrolyzed casein and 47.6 and 52.6% gelatin; 85.7 and
      92.8% produced yellow or orange pigment. Mixed acid fermentation was carried out
      in 100% and in 96.9%; acetoin was produced by 57.1 and 47.4%; one or more
      hemolysins were released by 85.7 and 92.8% of the toxigenic and non-toxigenic
      strains, respectively. Sensitivity to antibiotics was widespread among all the
      strains. No relation was found between enterotoxin B production and methicillin
      and tetracycline resistance. Neither the biochemical properties nor the
      sensitivity to antibiotics has been shown to correlate reliably with toxin
      production.

PMID- 3870744
TI  - [Adaptation of Rhodopseudomonas palustris to changes in atmospheric conditions].
AB  - The high level of delta-aminolaevulinate synthetase (ALA-S) in Rhodopseudomonas
      palustris cells grown under photosynthetic conditions decreased when they were
      vigorously aerated; moreover, the bacteriochlorophyll synthesis suddenly stopped.
      When aeration was interrupted, enzymatic level increased notably, but
      bacteriochlorophyll level did not. Chloramphenicol added to cultures when
      aeration was interrupted did not affect the increase of enzymic level. When it
      was added as the aeration started, the enzymic level decayed, but did not
      increase as notably when the aeration was interrupted. ALA-S in extracts of
      aerated cells underwent spontaneous activation when homogenates were stored at 4
      degrees C. The effect of several activators on different forms of ALA-S is
      postulated in order to explain these findings.

PMID- 3870745
TI  - [Micro-organisms solubilizing insoluble phosphate mineral compounds in the
      rhizosphere of the rape plant (Brassica campestris)].
AB  - The aim of this study carried out in a soil of the experimental station of the
      Faculty of Agronomy of the University of Bs. As. was to study the influence of
      the root of Brassica campestris on the functional group of microorganism
      dissolving insoluble phosphorus mineral compounds, bi and tricalcium phosphate.
      The microbiological quantitative analysis showed the following values: for
      bicalcium-phosphate: 5.7 X 10(8), 2.8 X 10(8), and 1.0 X 10(8) and for tricalcium
      phosphate: 3.2 X 10(8), 1.7 X 10(8), 2.1 X 10(7) of dissolving microorganisms of
      such compounds per g/soil for the rhizoplane, Ro, and the two regions of the
      rhizosphere, R1, and R2, respectively, in both cases against 6.4 X 10(2) and 2.0
      X 10(2) for bicalcium phosphate and tricalcium phosphate, in the testing soil,
      respectively. In artificial culture media, the dissolving capability of developed
      microorganisms was determined: for bicalcium phosphate: 2.32; 17.53; 12.11; and
      17.79 and for tricalcium phosphate; 0.88; 13.56; 7.98 and 2.88 percentage of
      dissolution, in both cases, for the testing soil, Ro, R1 and R2 respectively.
      These results show the development in the rhizosphere of Brassica campestris of a
      very active microbiological process of insoluble phosphorus mineral compounds
      dissolution; thus, the growing of Brassica may be expected to raise the
      phosphorous fertility level of the soil.

PMID- 3870746
TI  - [Isolation of new serovars of Salmonella in streams of water].
AB  - The present work is the final stage of a research to determine the causes and
      degree of pollution of the Zaiman creek waters, which flow through the Capital
      District of Misiones, Argentina. The research was focused on the presence of
      Salmonella serovars in samples collected from 2 stream sites equidistant from a
      cold storage plant and slaughterhouse, one downstream, and the other before the
      source of pollution. Elevated temperature technique for the isolation of
      Salmonella was applied. The methodology consisted in applying an enrichment
      procedure for waterborne pathogens, performed by incubating after a convenient
      exposure period, gauze swabs in Dulcitol Selenite and Tetrationate (with the
      addition of 0,001% brilliant green) broths. Salmonella organisms were recovered
      by streaking duplicate plates of E.M.B Agar (Eosin Methylene Blue), B.P.L.S Agar
      (Brilliant Green Agar) and Bismuth Sulphite Agar. Best results were obtained when
      Bulcitol Selenite broth and Bismuth Sulphite Agar were used. (Tables 1, 2, 3).
      Suspected colonies were classified by 10 biochemical reactions, and further
      verified by serological identification. So far, 716 suspected colonies have been
      studied. Salmonella was isolated from 76% of the samples and 22 serovars were
      identified (Table 3). Isolating frequency of serovars during 1981-1984 is shown
      (Table 4). S. saphra prevailed among the studied samples, while both S. anatum
      and S. newport ranked second.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3870748
TI  - Drug abuse--I.

PMID- 3870747
TI  - [Infection of a cerebrospinal fluid shunt system by Bacillus circulans and
      Bacillus larvae].
AB  - A two episodes case of CSF ventriculo-atrial shunt infection due to B. circulans
      and B. larvae is presented. B. circulans was first isolated from 4 blood cultures
      and CSF (shunt valve tap). The patient showed a brain damage syndrome reversible
      with antibiotic treatment. Lethal toxin production was demonstrated for the B.
      circulans strain in a mouse model. This strain was found to be a variant of
      Gordon's description as it produced urease and was tolerant to 7% NaCl. The
      patient recovered after cefotaxime, cotrimoxazole and rifampicin treatment. A
      second infection due to B. larvae was detected two months later. The shunt system
      was removed due to obstruction and a scanning electron microscopy study was
      performed. Confluent masses of white blood cells and rods were observed on the
      inner surface of the catheter. As for as we know, this is the first case of human
      infection due to B. larvae.

PMID- 3870749
TI  - Alcoholism, recovery, and sexual dysfunction.

PMID- 3870750
TI  - Cocaine abuse: techniques of assessment, diagnosis, and treatment.

PMID- 3870751
TI  - Pentazocine and tripelennamine abuse: T's and Blues.

PMID- 3870752
TI  - Drug abuse--II.

PMID- 3870753
TI  - Denial in chemical dependence: special issues for impaired physicians.

PMID- 3870754
TI  - Cocainism--a workable model for recovery.
AB  - Presented here is a model for the diagnosis and treatment of cocaine dependence.
      Intrinsic in the understanding of this model is the use of the disease concept of
      chemical dependence. Within the construct of this model we regard cocaine
      dependence or "cocainism" as a disease process and part of the spectrum of the
      disease of chemical dependence. We note that "pure" cocainism is rare and cocaine
      is usually just another chemical used in the polyaddicted patient. We call
      cocaine the "Great Precipitator" as it often brings the polyaddicted chemically
      dependent person into a crisis that requires a treatment intervention. Cocainism,
      with its overwhelming compulsion and destruction, often precipitates a crisis in
      a matter of months from first use. As psychiatrists practicing addictionology, we
      understand the need to deal with cocainism as a primary disease process rather
      than a symptom of an underlying psychiatric illness. We deal with cocainism as we
      deal with alcoholism. While the DSM-III requires withdrawal and tolerance changes
      to be an essential feature for dependence, we more easily identify the disease of
      cocainism by its production of intense psychological addiction. Thereby the
      diagnosis of the disease of cocainism, as with other drugs (including alcohol) in
      the spectrum of chemical dependence, is characterized by the persistent,
      uncontrolled, compulsive use of cocaine. This illogical, irrational compulsion
      with continued, repeated use of cocaine as it destroys the individual's life, is
      the primary symptom of this disease. In regards to specific considerations, the
      psychiatric complications of cocainism, which can include cocaine induced
      psychosis, can persist beyond the intoxication period. We also note the
      depression that can accompany abstinence from cocaine and often has a protracted
      course following initial abstinence as well. We advocate the very cautious use of
      any psychotropic medications after an alloted period of time since we find that
      many of these additional symptoms seem to dissipate during the treatment process
      when involved in our suggested setting. In the cases of where it is determined
      that additional psychiatric illness co-exist with cocaine and chemical dependence
      such as in "dual diagnosis" patients, we have had that success by treating both
      illnesses concomitantly and aggressively. The "contract" with the dual diagnosis
      patient has afforded excellent results in this instance. The treatment modalities
      most effective in this model include a treatment team with its multidisciplinary
      and recovering and non-recovering characteristics, and the use of the group
      process and peer group therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3870755
TI  - Posthospital outcome in suburban drug addicts.

PMID- 3870756
TI  - [Postoperative complications in surgery of gastric cancer].

PMID- 3870757
TI  - The renal kallikrein-kinin system during surgery.

PMID- 3870758
TI  - [A case of Merkel's cell tumor].

PMID- 3870759
TI  - [Need for surgical exploration in knee injuries with peripheral ischemia].

PMID- 3870760
TI  - [Neoplasms in horseshoe kidney].

PMID- 3870761
TI  - [Castleman's lymphoma: description of a case with parotid localization].

PMID- 3870762
TI  - Borderline and atypical lesions.

PMID- 3870763
TI  - Diagnosis of borderline cartilage lesions of bone.
AB  - Cartilage lesions of bone are the most difficult ones for the pathologist to
      classify. The reasons for this are discussed. The borderline cartilage lesions
      include osteochondroma, enchondroma, chondrosarcoma, chondroblastoma,
      chondromyxoid fibroma, juxtacortical chondroma and chondrosarcoma, clear cell
      chondrosarcoma, and the peripheral chondrosarcoma. Specific differential points
      are provided with illustrative material and a summary table in order to ease the
      pathologist's task.

PMID- 3870764
TI  - No-show behavior.

PMID- 3870765
TI  - Faculty orientation within departments of family medicine.
AB  - As new faculty members in a large university-based department of family medicine,
      the authors were struck by the absence of a structured orientation program to
      help new faculty enter the world of academic family medicine. In response to a
      perceived need for such a program, a national survey of family medicine was
      conducted. In addition, 50 departments of a local university and ten local
      businesses were surveyed. The results of this survey, as well as a conceptual
      framework for an orientation program, are presented.

PMID- 3870766
TI  - A study of federally funded faculty development in family medicine from 1978
      1981.
AB  - From 1978 to 1982 the federal government invested $13.6 million in family
      medicine faculty development projects. To synthesize and disseminate the
      collective experience of these projects, we surveyed directors of the 30 projects
      funded and begun in 1978. The study's purpose was twofold. First, we wanted to
      capture the lessons these experienced project directors learned. To accomplish
      this we asked directors to describe and then evaluate specific approaches they
      used for eight aspects of their projects: project staff, needs assessment,
      participant recruitment, project participants, goals and objectives,
      instructional formats, instructional strategies, and project evaluation methods.
      We also sought information on additional effects of the projects, present status
      of faculty participants, and future directions for faculty development in family
      medicine. The results revealed useful suggestions for designing and conducting
      faculty development and a consensus on the priority areas for future faculty
      development efforts: research skills, clinical teaching, academic vitality, and
      curriculum development.

PMID- 3870767
TI  - Videotape analyses of medical students' interviewing skills.
AB  - This research project investigates medical students' interviewing skills before
      and after a six-week clerkship in family and community medicine. Male and female
      medical students participating in a clerkship in family and community medicine
      were asked to conduct a pre- and post-videotape interview with a simulated
      patient. After the pre-test videotape, the student received feedback from the
      simulated patient and from a faculty member. Students than participated in a six
      week clerkship with a family physician. Multivariate and univariate analyses of
      variance of pre- and post-test interviews showed significant pre-post differences
      on seven of ten interviewing skills and focal areas. Significant differences
      relating to students' year in medical school were also found.

PMID- 3870768
TI  - Balint group leadership by a family physician in a residency program.
AB  - The historical background of Balint groups is summarized. Specific details about
      initial recruitment of residents and establishment of guidelines for group
      function are discussed. The central importance of quality control to the leader
      is emphasized. Qualifications for a nonanalyst family physician group leader are
      suggested. Results of resident evaluations indicates the educational merit of
      such training. Balint training provides pragmatic, clinically-oriented research,
      which is fundamental for all family medicine residencies.

PMID- 3870769
TI  - Behavioral science in family medicine residencies: Part I. Teachers and
      curricula. The STFM Task Force on Behavioral Science.
AB  - A survey was conducted of all members of the Society of Teachers of Family
      Medicine to describe teachers, curricula, and teacher satisfaction in family
      medicine residency behavioral science education. The response rate was
      approximately 60% of eligible individuals. Family medicine teachers divide
      themselves into behavioral scientists, family physicians, both, program
      directors, and other faculty members. Behavioral scientists are most often
      psychologists or social workers, have been teaching family medicine a relatively
      short time, and are more likely to be female than the other groups. Behavioral
      science curricula emphasize counseling, interviewing, and family dynamics.
      Satisfaction with behavioral curricula is high.

PMID- 3870770
TI  - Behavioral science in family medicine residencies: Part II. Teacher roles,
      relationships, and rewards. The STFM Task Force on Behavioral Science.
AB  - A survey of members of the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine provided
      information about roles, relationships, and rewards for teachers involved in
      family medicine residency behavioral science education. Family physicians and
      behavioral scientists perceive their own roles in behavioral teaching and patient
      care as greater than is perceived by the other group. All groups of respondents
      see a continued need for collaborative behavioral teaching, patient care, and
      research. Interpersonal rewards reported emphasize family physicians learning
      from behavioral scientists. Frustrations reflect personal style, use of jargon,
      and a sense that the other group does not understand important aspects of one's
      work. Income is markedly greater for family physicians than behavioral
      scientists. Most behavioral scientists responding plan to remain in family
      medicine teaching.

PMID- 3870771
TI  - The relationship between infant illness and family functions.

PMID- 3870772
TI  - Teaching hypnosis within a family practice residency program.
AB  - As a result of increasing interest in medical hypnosis, a curriculum has been
      developed for teaching clinical hypnosis to family practice residents within a
      Canadian two-year training program. History and theories, demonstrations of
      techniques, practice of inductions, and clinical applications are presented to
      all second-year residents within a course titled "Behavioral Medicine in Family
      Practice." Individual supervision is offered within the family practice teaching
      unit as well as a one-month elective in behavioral medicine. Residents are
      encouraged to attend workshops offered by the Canadian Society of Clinical
      Hypnosis and invited to attend an autogenic training group for patients.
      Evaluation of continuing use of learned skills in practice settings is in
      process.

PMID- 3870774
TI  - Is private practice experience necessary?

PMID- 3870773
TI  - An additional responsibility for family medicine faculty.

PMID- 3870775
TI  - Residency selection--an uncomfortable process.

PMID- 3870776
TI  - The locum tenens experience: a comparison with a university faculty practice.
AB  - A locum tenens experience may be an effective mechanism by which the academic
      family physician can periodically enhance his or her clinical skills. This report
      compares the content of one of the author's locum tenens sessions to that of his
      university based practice. The locums resulted in an exposure to a concentrated,
      wide-spectrum practice highlighted by acute medical and surgical problems--in
      comparison with a more continuity-oriented university profile. Academic family
      physicians who realize high levels of nonclinical obligations may find the
      routine scheduling of a locum tenens rotation a valuable clinical adjunct.

PMID- 3870777
TI  - A survey of resident perceptions of effective teaching behaviors.
AB  - Family practice has shown increasing interest in clarifying what constitutes
      effective teaching skills. This investigation enlists the support of family
      practice residents to further clarify which teaching behaviors and skills most
      significantly contribute to their medical education. Family practice residents in
      all 24 programs in Ohio were surveyed to determine their perceptions of the
      effectiveness of 38 separate clinical teaching behaviors. A rank order listing of
      these behaviors is presented to aid in organized faculty development programs, as
      well as to provide guidelines individual faculty can follow to improve family
      practice resident education. Factor analysis of the residents' responses indicate
      that clinical competence, providing constructive feedback to residents, and
      demonstrating a positive attitude toward teaching residents are perceived as
      necessary attributes of the most effective clinical teachers.

PMID- 3870779
TI  - Average salaries of first-year residents 1978-83.

PMID- 3870778
TI  - Career and family dilemmas in doctor's lives.
AB  - "How do you combine work and family life?" is a question that has much relevance
      for busy professionals and their families. For physicians especially the dilemma
      of combining both is particularly acute. As a group committed to caring for
      others, how do physicians decide that their own and their families' needs are
      also important, and how do they find the time and energy to tend to those needs?
      The author closely followed a group of practicing physicians and their families
      for more than five years in an effort to understand the above questions. During
      this process of listening, talking, and observing, issues of "specialness,"
      "work," "time," and "caring" were repeatedly mentioned by those professionals and
      families he followed. He found that the way medical families dealt with these
      specific notions helped determine the outcome of their struggle with the
      career/family dilemma.

PMID- 3870780
TI  - Multiple-level goals in clinical teaching.
AB  - The maturation process of family practice intensifies the need for our educators
      to unify their material into concepts specific to our specialty. A method of
      teaching clinical topics is described in which integrative goals are combined
      with knowledge, skill, and attitudinal goals. The attitudinal goals are designed
      to enhance resident perception of the family physician's role. Most clinical
      problems are amenable to this integrative method. Evaluation has provided very
      positive results over two years of experience.

PMID- 3870781
TI  - Consultation and the teacher-pupil relationship.

PMID- 3870782
TI  - Academic freedom is not a free ride.

PMID- 3870783
TI  - Behavioral science in family medicine residencies. A quiet revolution going on.

PMID- 3870784
TI  - Behavioral science in family medicine residencies. Increase physician
      involvement.

PMID- 3870786
TI  - The challenge of prevention.

PMID- 3870785
TI  - The academic challenge to address health care costs.

PMID- 3870787
TI  - A wellness program model for family practice residency programs.
AB  - For some time health promotion and disease prevention have been expected tenets
      of medical practices with the public. However, the medical profession has only
      recently emphasized prevention and wellness promotion as required curricula for
      study at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Family physicians have been at
      the forefront in accepting this additional responsibility, but actual
      implementation of such practices has been difficult for the individual physician.
      To address this needed transitional step from public demand to practice, a
      wellness program for residents, faculty, staff, and patients was designed for the
      Family Practice Residency Program at Cheyenne.

PMID- 3870788
TI  - DOC as an integral part of the community medicine curriculum.
AB  - Involving family practice residents in community medicine experiences can be a
      challenging task, and various programs have approached this curricular problem in
      different ways. The Cedar Rapids program has integrated the activities of the
      local Doctors Ought to Care (DOC) chapter into the residency with the goal of
      exposing residents to the concepts of community health education. DOC, a national
      organization interested in community health promotion and education, takes a
      lively approach to information sharing using image-based techniques.

PMID- 3870789
TI  - Medical ethics programs in family practice residencies.
AB  - Ethics is an integral part of medical practice and needs explicit attention in
      family practice residency training programs. One difficulty, however, in
      developing a medical ethics program in a family practice residency is the lack of
      information about ethics programs and their strengths and weaknesses. This report
      provides baseline data on what is being done in 182 family medicine residencies
      throughout the country. It contains demographic data on locale, size, and age of
      residency and the perceptions of program directors and chief residents as to the
      usefulness of such programs, the most frequently discussed issues, the staffing,
      the amount of curriculum time allocated, and the format employed. Differences of
      opinion between the two groups are reported.

PMID- 3870790
TI  - Toward a collaborative knowledge base.

PMID- 3870791
TI  - Knowledge and attitudes of family practice residents toward geriatric patients.
AB  - The knowledge and attitudes of family practice residents toward geriatric
      patients was surveyed in eight residencies. Since geriatric care will, in the
      future, become a more important aspect of the family physician's practice, it is
      important to ascertain the knowledge and attitude level of physicians in training
      concerning their geriatric patients. Three aspects of this study indicate serious
      deficits in the educational background of these residents: the number and quality
      of courses offered to them is inadequate; they demonstrate a paucity of knowledge
      concerning the aged; the residents show a low preference for working with the
      aged. Clearly, medical education should address these needs and deficits.

PMID- 3870792
TI  - A small-group approach to teaching family medicine.
AB  - The authors describe a method for teaching preclinical medical students some
      important family medicine concepts utilizing a seminar format which allows for
      improved student-teacher interaction and individualization of material. These
      seminars, on family health behavior, compliance, behavioral interventions for
      life-style change, and managing stress, were designed to encourage freshman
      medical students to understand and apply concepts concerning health behavior and
      attitudes, both personally and professionally. The format of these sessions
      included the use of self-assessment instruments, discussion, role play, and case
      studies. Results of student evaluations indicate they perceived the seminars
      positively. Specific areas of positive value included the content and small-group
      related processes. The seminars also provided data useful for developing programs
      for students.

PMID- 3870793
TI  - Developing a marketing plan for a residency practice.
AB  - Competition for patients is becoming a hallmark of the health care system. Family
      medicine centers must increasingly think about marketing if they are to attract
      and retain adequate numbers of patients for resident education. As we have
      learned from direct experience, marketing is best done in the context of a
      comprehensive plan. We believe residency faculty can develop and successfully
      implement marketing plans. Since 1982, we have developed and implemented a
      marketing plan for the Mercy Family Medicine Center located in Denver, Colorado.
      We describe the planning process we employed and briefly discuss the successful
      results due to the plan's implementation.

PMID- 3870794
TI  - Cultivating the trust of adolescent patients.
AB  - In a qualitative study of adolescents' perspectives on health care, we conducted
      55 open-ended group interviews with 747 adolescent participants, of whom 476 were
      females. Analysis of comments on confidentiality showed females made more
      comments than males about physicians violating confidentiality and both males and
      females cited more violations for reproductive than for general health care.
      Teens mistrust physicians because of their previous experiences of being
      accompanied to the doctor by parents. Family physicians wishing to cultivate the
      trust of their adolescent patients should begin while patients are still
      children, talk directly to the child, rather than exclusively to the parent, and
      see the child in privacy for portions of each visit.

PMID- 3870795
TI  - The Montana Family Practice Residency Satellite Program: a unique solution to
      multiple problems.
AB  - States that do not have a family practice residency program face problems in
      attracting residency trained family physicians. This article describes the
      development of a unique program in Montana utilizing a series of satellite
      programs under the direction of family physicians and a statewide coordinating
      office. These offer the resident a one- or two-month rotation during off-campus
      elective time in the second or third year of a family practice residency. The
      program offers the practicing physician a chance to participate in the training
      of residents and offers the resident an educational opportunity in rural
      medicine. It also exposes the resident to a Montana community and to practice in
      Montana. Survey evidence indicates that this type of program has a definite
      influence on a resident's choice of a practice location.

PMID- 3870796
TI  - The clinical librarian: new team member for a Family Practice Inpatient Service.
AB  - A clinical librarian program was developed for the Family Practice Inpatient
      Service at the San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center. Objectives of this
      special service were: (1) to provide relevant articles and other printed
      resources relating to patient care problems; (2) to alert the team to library
      resources; (3) to assist the attending physicians in building a reading file for
      the inpatient service; and (4) to determine library service needs of the team.
      Two patient cases are included which illustrate how the clinical librarian
      service functioned. The program was successful and is recommended for inclusion
      in other family practice programs or inpatient units.

PMID- 3870798
TI  - The Curtis Hames lecture. "No man is an island".

PMID- 3870797
TI  - The Blanchard lecture. Barnacles, ballast, and balance.

PMID- 3870800
TI  - The development of an instrument to measure medical students' beliefs about
      family medicine.

PMID- 3870799
TI  - Relationships between attitudes and use of adult-learning teaching activities by
      medical faculty.
AB  - This study examined teaching behaviors of medical faculty and their attitudes
      toward adult learners. A number of studies have examined characteristics of adult
      learners and found that certain teaching activities produce more effective
      learning in adults. Adult learners tend to be more self-directed and bring a
      variety of experiences to the educational setting; they also profit more from
      collaborative curriculum planning, learning activities, and evaluation of
      progress.

PMID- 3870801
TI  - Changes in the economics of health care--a challenge to all of us.

PMID- 3870802
TI  - Personality types of residents (cont.)

PMID- 3870803
TI  - Clinical skills as teaching skills.

PMID- 3870804
TI  - There's no substitute for practice experience.

PMID- 3870805
TI  - Pulmonary silicosis in emery polish workers.

PMID- 3870806
TI  - Myasthenia gravis due to thymoma in an infant.

PMID- 3870807
TI  - Transsternal phlebography in breast cancer.

PMID- 3870808
TI  - Short course chemotherapy (SCC): will it be our answer?

PMID- 3870809
TI  - Cardiovascular manifestations of tropical eosinophilia.

PMID- 3870810
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage.

PMID- 3870811
TI  - Adenosine deaminase activity in pleural fluids--a diagnostic aid in tuberculous
      pleural effusion.

PMID- 3870812
TI  - Estimation of aortic regurgitation by pulsed Doppler echocardiography.

PMID- 3870813
TI  - Computed tomography evaluation of the nasal septal reconstructed larynx.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) of the larynx was performed in 15 patients who had their
      larynx reconstructed by composite nasal septal autograft after frontal, or
      frontolateral laryngectomy. Five representative cases each with CT scan and
      additional laryngoscopic documentation are presented. The CT permitted a detailed
      appraisal of the nasal septal grafted larynx. Our attention was directed to the
      image of the graft in what concerned its patterns of distortion, fibrosis or
      chondrification, and width of the laryngeal airway. The scan from 10 patients
      brought radiographic evidence that the implanted cartilage retained vitality and
      structural integrity.

PMID- 3870814
TI  - The versatility of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap.
AB  - A consecutive group of 50 patients requiring pectoralis major myocutaneous flap
      reconstruction after head and neck surgery is presented. The tissue defects for
      reconstruction are divided into five groups to identify any defects in which the
      flap is more likely to be at risk of complication. Other risk factors such as
      preoperative radiotherapy, chemotherapy plus radiotherapy, and septic recipient
      site are analyzed. Its particular use in a "Third World" type population is
      noted.

PMID- 3870815
TI  - Computed tomography of the face and paranasal sinuses: Part II. Abnormal anatomy
      and pathologic conditions.
AB  - Computerized tomography is extremely useful in delineating abnormal anatomy and
      pathologic conditions of the face and paranasal sinuses. The familiarity with
      normal anatomy is essential. Expert interpretation of CT scanning allows superior
      diagnosis of and treatment planning for lesions of the face and paranasal
      sinuses.

PMID- 3870816
TI  - High resolution computed tomography: Part 4, Evaluation of odontogenic lesions.
AB  - High resolution computed tomography (CT) has been a mainstay in the preoperative
      evaluation of odontogenic lesions. Unsurpassed bony detail is complemented by
      exquisite delineation of the soft tissue mass itself. Our experience with these
      lesions is presented. Selected illustrations are supplemented by pathologic
      review.

PMID- 3870817
TI  - Prominent ears--Pitanguy's island technique: long-term results.
AB  - Through the analysis of 300 cases of prominent ears operated by Pitanguy's
      technique with a follow-up of 1-15 years we observed the preservation of the
      aesthetic aspect as well as the cephaloauricular angle. We call attention to its
      easy performance and almost no incidence of early or late complications.

PMID- 3870818
TI  - Internal jugular phlebectasia.
AB  - Internal jugular phlebectasia or abnormal fusiform dilatation of the jugular
      venous system usually presents as a neck mass that increases in size with
      maneuvers, which increase intrathoracic pressure. We present a case of internal
      jugular phlebectasia in which, due to an atypical presentation, the diagnosis was
      confirmed only by surgical exploration. The pathophysiology and radiologic
      evaluation are discussed to determine the role reserved for surgery in the
      management of this entity.

PMID- 3870819
TI  - Thyroid carcinoma presenting as a parapharyngeal mass.
AB  - Nodal metastases from occult head and neck primaries presenting as a pharyngeal
      space mass are unusual. In this report, a patient with dysphagia and a large
      parapharyngeal mass was found to have metastases papillary thyroid carcinoma.
      Although it is common for such tumors to metastasize to regional lymph nodes, to
      our knowledge, this is the only reported case of a thyroid neoplasm masquerading
      as a primary parapharyngeal space tumor. It indicates upward lymphatic spread of
      tumor to involve the lateral retropharyngeal nodes. This pattern of spread is in
      keeping with Rouviere's description of a direct lymphatic pathway from the
      posterior surface of the superior thyroid lobe to the lateral retropharyngeal
      nodes. The case presentation is intended to alert the reader of this possibility
      and to emphasize the inclusion of regional metastatic nodal disease as a possible
      cause of parapharyngeal space masses.

PMID- 3870820
TI  - Theory about interrelationships between macromineral nutrients and growth rate
      during recovery from undernutrition.
AB  - Previous papers of our group have reported that, in the first stages of
      nutritional recovery, the needs of undernourished infants, in terms of Protein
      Calories percentage (P%) were higher than normal, and similar to those of other
      mammals which double their birth weight faster than man. During this period, a
      high dietary P% produces an accelerated catch-up growth. Therefore, Calcium and
      Phosphorus balances increase proportionally to weight gain rate (WGR), and
      Calcium retention per gram of new tissue is dependent on dietary Calcium/Protein
      ratio. On the other hand, Bernhart demonstrated that there was a direct
      correlation between the growth rate of the sucklings of several species,
      including humans, and the percentage of protein and ash in the fluid milk. As a
      consequence of these facts, we assume that during catch-up growth, in order to
      attain a normal body composition, dietary level of essential minerals must be
      related to factors affecting weight gain. These relationships suggest the
      hypothesis that, during the recovery from undernutrition, in order to meet the
      needs of the catch-up growth allowed by the Protein/Calories ratio, Calcium and
      Phosphorus milk concentrations would be in relation to the Protein/Calorie
      concentration. In this way, Calcium and Phosphorus concentrations might be the
      limiting factors for attaining a normal body composition. This hypothesis might
      also be generalized to other minerals in order to prevent them from becoming the
      limiting factors for attaining a normal body composition.

PMID- 3870821
TI  - Analysis of the protovirus hypothesis.
AB  - Cancer may be endogenous to all mankind. Its activity is dependent upon the
      absence of anti cancer gene agent or agents.

PMID- 3870822
TI  - Aging of the immune system.
AB  - A review of the literature shows that the thymus is the major reason for aging of
      the immune system. A graph of the mouse thymus mass is linear with age after
      puberty. However, T cell function is determined by thymic hormone factors and
      serum thymic factors. The net result is that T cell function is so affected that
      there is a deficit in T cell responsiveness. For humans a graph of 1-I (I is
      immunological efficiency) versus age is a straight line on a semi-log plot. The
      slope of the line is about the same as the incidence of class I cancer incidence
      vs. age.

PMID- 3870823
TI  - Will population decreases in caffeine consumption unveil attention deficit
      disorders in adults?
AB  - Attention deficit disorders (ADD) represent the commonest behavior disorder
      observed in children but only recently has the persistence of these disorders
      into adulthood been acknowledged. As individuals with ADD enter adolescence and
      then adulthood some behavioral symptoms appear to cease, others become muted.
      This change has usually been attributed to physiological maturation. One
      environmental factor which may also contribute to the altered clinical picture is
      the regular ingestion of caffeine beginning in late adolescence. Caffeine has
      been found to alter the behavior of ADD children in a manner resembling more
      widely prescribed stimulant medications. If some adults with ADD have responded
      positively to caffeine ingestion then it would be predicted that increases in
      reports of ADD symptoms will escalate with the rapid decline in caffeine
      consumption in North America.

PMID- 3870824
TI  - Drugs in general practice. Report on a WHO meeting.

PMID- 3870825
TI  - Prenatal and perinatal infections. Report on a WHO meeting. Graz, 24-26 May 1982.

PMID- 3870826
TI  - The long term consequences of prenatal and perinatal infections. Mental
      retardation.

PMID- 3870827
TI  - The relative importance of viral infections in congenital defects.

PMID- 3870828
TI  - Morphology and mechanisms of prenatal and perinatal viral infections.

PMID- 3870829
TI  - The relative importance of other infections. Chlamydiae.

PMID- 3870830
TI  - The relative importance of other infections. Urinary tract infections.

PMID- 3870831
TI  - Detecting prenatal and perinatal infections. Rapid diagnostic techniques in
      Spain.

PMID- 3870832
TI  - Detecting prenatal and perinatal infections. Screening for total serum IgM in the
      German Democratic Republic.

PMID- 3870833
TI  - Detecting prenatal and perinatal infections. The shortcomings of epidemiological
      studies: an example from Finland.

PMID- 3870835
TI  - Postbasic and graduate education for nurses. Report on a WHO meeting.

PMID- 3870834
TI  - Management of waste from hospitals and other health care establishments. Report
      on a WHO meeting.

PMID- 3870836
TI  - Circadian rhythm of total protein synthesis in the cytoplasm and chloroplasts of
      Gonyaulax polyedra.
AB  - Protein synthesis of Gonyaulax polyedra was analyzed by means of electron
      microscopic autoradiographs under constant conditions at different times of the
      24-hr cycle. Circadian rhythmic changes in the synthesis rate of total protein
      were determined in the cytoplasm and chloroplasts of growing cells. Three
      independent series of experiments in constant light showed a maximum of grains
      per unit area during the 'subjective' dark phase (= phase that corresponds to the
      dark phase during a 12:12 hr LD cycle) in both compartments. Minimum and maximum
      grain number are different by a factor of 5-10. The maximum of total protein
      synthesis coincided with the maximum phase shift by cycloheximide pulses (1)
      suggesting protein species within the total pool involved in the mechanism of the
      circadian clock. A similar rhythm of lower amplitude was observed in the
      mitochondria, but this rhythm cannot with certainty be attributed to these
      organelles. In a slowly growing culture a rhythm of total protein synthesis was
      observed that showed a smaller amplitude and a different phasing.

PMID- 3870837
TI  - Circadian activity rhythm of the house fly continues after optic tract severance
      and lobectomy.
AB  - Under constant conditions, locomotor activity in about 50% of 63 adult Musca
      domestica continued to be rhythmic after bilateral severance of optic tracts or
      bilateral lobectomy. Apparently, the optic lobes of Musca do not contain the
      oscillator for rhythmic control of locomotor activity as has been proposed for
      other insects. In 20% of the individuals, several circadian components of
      activity rhythms were found after operation indicating a role of the optic lobes
      in the coupling of oscillators. The remaining 30% of the flies with severed optic
      tracts appeared to be arrhythmic. Most of these flies had vacuolized tissue in
      the central brain. However, disruption of rhythmicity did not correlate with a
      common pattern of degeneration. Therefore no conclusions can be drawn as to the
      localization of the circadian control of locomotor activity in the brain. Flies
      showing an arrhythmic activity pattern could still be synchronized by LD cycles.
      Activity did not occur solely during the light period as is the case in controls;
      but was phase delayed by about 6 hr towards the dark period. Since all flies with
      severed optic tracts could be synchronized by LD cycles, Musca domestica must
      possess extraocular photoreceptors.

PMID- 3870838
TI  - The use of salivary steroids to monitor circadian rhythmicity on expeditions in
      the arctic.
AB  - The circadian variation in salivary cortisol concentration was investigated in
      four men during a traverse on foot, of the Greenland ice cap and of salivary
      cortisol and testosterone on a summer expedition to Spitzbergen. In both
      instances circadian rhythmicity was demonstrated both before leaving the U.K. and
      throughout the expedition. The acrophase of the rhythms followed the changes in
      activity patterns on both expeditions although there was a dissociation between
      the cortisol and testosterone following an acute 8 hr phase shift in Spitzbergen.
      The mesor of cortisol in both instances tended to be higher than in the U.K. but
      the difference was never statistically significant. This work demonstrates the
      feasibility of using salivary steroid concentrations to investigate their
      circadian rhythmicity in circumstances where frequent blood sampling would be
      precluded.

PMID- 3870839
TI  - Chronobiologic considerations of the Bhopal methyl isocyanate disaster.

PMID- 3870840
TI  - Influence of a dorsomedial hypothalamus lesion on the circadian changes in the
      enzyme development and activity of intestinal brushborder membranes in the rat.
AB  - Circadian changes in activities and electrophoretic pattern of the intestinal
      brushborder enzymes alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), isomaltase (EC 3.2.1.10)
      and sucrase (EC 3.2.1.26) of normal rats and of rats with a lesion of the
      dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH-rats) were studied. In contrast to the rhythm found
      in normal rats, there are no significant differences between the average enzyme
      activities in the light or dark period for the DMH-rats. The peak ratio in the
      electrophoretic pattern for sucrase-isomaltase (SI) over pro-sucrase-isomaltase
      (pro-SI) changes over 24 hr with higher values during the active (dark) period of
      the normal rat. In DMH-rats this ratio is much higher, but no significant
      difference could be demonstrated between the values near the acrophase in these
      rats.

PMID- 3870841
TI  - Circadian wheel-running activity of rats under schedules of limited daily access
      to salt.
AB  - Schedules of limited daily access to food result in 'anticipatory' activity
      preceding each daily feeding. It is well-established that such food-anticipatory
      activity depends on a food-entrainable circadian timing mechanism. In the present
      study, we sought to extend the generality of these results by maintaining rats in
      running wheels under schedules which provided access to salt solutions or to
      salty food for 2 hr each day. The animals were subjected to dietary,
      pharmacological and surgical treatments that promote salt appetite. However, we
      found no evidence for daily salt-anticipatory wheel running activity in any
      condition.

PMID- 3870842
TI  - Plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones in dogs: influence of sampling hour,
      breed and age.
AB  - Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) plasma concentrations have been
      determined during 24-hr sampling periods in six mongrels (age 12-36 months), six
      beagles (age 35-37 months), three labradors (age 3.5 months) and three beagles
      (age 5 months). The mean T4 levels of the labradors were significantly lower than
      the values found for mongrels or older beagles (P less than 0.05), whereas T3 was
      higher in the 5 month old beagles compared to the mongrels (P less than 0.001),
      young beagles (P less than 0.05) or labradors (P less than 0.01). Circadian and
      ultradian rhythmicities have been evaluated by cosinor and Fourier analysis.
      Mongrels and older beagles did have a 12-hr rhythmicity in plasma T4 (P less than
      0.05), whereas 5 month old beagles had a circadian one (P less than 0.01). A 12
      hr rhythmicity was also found for T3 in the older Beagles (P less than 0.05).
      However, Fourier analysis indicated that the daily variation in T4 and T3 plasma
      levels was inadequately mathematically described by single sinusoidal rhythm and
      that more harmonic components are to be taken into account. The obtained data
      during a 24-hr period indicate that T4 and T3 concentrations in plasma may vary
      according to breed, age and sampling hour.

PMID- 3870843
TI  - Temporal patterns of reported single-vehicle car and truck accidents in Texas,
      U.S.A. during 1980-1983.
AB  - Reported single car and truck accidents due specifically to driver 'fatigue' for
      the 4-year span of 1980-1983 were analyzed for 24-hr, 7-d and 1-yr patterns.
      Three types of data were examined: (1) accidents in rural Texas, (2) accidents
      only in San Antonio, the fourth largest city in Texas and (3) accident ratio
      (number of accidents per time interval divided by traffic volume for the
      interval) in this city. A statistically significant seasonal variation of
      relatively low amplitude with peaks in May and July was detected only for
      accidents in rural areas. High-amplitude periodicities of 7 d were evident in all
      the data sets, with a peak on the weekend. A very prominent 24-hr pattern was
      detected as well, with the acrophase determined by single cosinor around 0300. A
      slight secondary peak in accidents, around 1500, was evident in the data from the
      rural areas. This secondary peak represented a 12-hr rhythm in addition to the 24
      hr. Overall, features of the temporal patterns in accidents over 24 hr and over
      the year in urban and rural areas differed only slightly. Accident ratios yielded
      results similar to accident frequencies. However, with regard to the rural data,
      the shape of the 24-hr temporal pattern varied with driver age; older drivers
      exhibited a flatter curve with a more pronounced afternoon rather than early
      morning (around 0300) peak.

PMID- 3870844
TI  - Daily changes in the gonadotropin levels and response of carp oocytes to
      hypophysial homogenate.
AB  - Daily changes in carp gonadotropin levels in adult female carp and daily changes
      in carp oocyte sensitivity to carp hypophysial homogenate, in vitro and in vivo,
      were investigated. A total of three series of experiments were carried out.
      Gonadotropin levels were radioimmunologically determined. The results of series 1
      and 2 experiments were subjected to statistical analysis with the use of cosinors
      circle and ellipse of errors. It has been found that in the mature female carp in
      the pre-spawning period with the light periods being long (L:D = 16:8) the apogee
      for gonadotropin occurs 10 hr after the onset of the light period. The
      sensitivity of the oocytes, in terms of the percentage of mature oocytes (after
      GVBD) following a 24-hr incubation of ovarian fragments with the hypophysial
      homogenate, reached the highest value at 1300, i.e. 9 hr after the onset of the
      light period. It was also found that the injections of carp hypophysial
      homogenate made at 0900 were much more efficient in inducing ovulation than those
      at 2100.

PMID- 3870845
TI  - Biochemical systems as generators of local and global limit cycles.
AB  - It has recently been noted (8) that the global limit cycle (hard self-excitation)
      is apparently not uncommon in nature, especially in biochemical systems. This
      idea is confirmed by a more detailed study of many biochemical systems with quite
      different topological structures. The present paper describes some of the cases
      considered; they were deliberately chosen to be simple, but they almost all have
      the following properties: for one set of parameters, the linearization method
      shows that there is a local limit cycle (soft self-excitation); for other
      parameters, the systems may have global limit cycles.

PMID- 3870846
TI  - Circadian and seasonal variations of lipogenesis in the Gulf killifish, Fundulus
      grandis.
AB  - Lipogenesis was measured in male Gulf killifish at three seasons under different
      environmental conditions. Cold temperature is stimulatory for lipogenesis in the
      fall and spring, but warm temperature is more stimulatory during the summer. The
      highest rate of lipogenesis occurs during the spring. However, total body fat
      content is relatively low at that time, which suggests that lipids are being
      actively mobilized as well. A high rate of lipogenesis also occurs at a cold
      temperature (20 degrees C) during the fall, and more lipids are stored at that
      time of year, as evidenced by higher liver and body fat stores. Both lipogenesis
      and total body fat content are at a minimum during the summer. These results
      indicate that high levels of lipid synthesis do not necessarily result in higher
      body fat content, as the latter is the product of both lipid synthesis and lipid
      mobilization. This study is also in agreement with previous studies which had
      indicated a changing responsiveness to temperature during the annual cycle of the
      Gulf killfish.

PMID- 3870847
TI  - Variations in DNA synthesis and mitotic indices in hepatocytes and sinusoid
      litoral cells of adult intact male mouse along a circadian time span.
AB  - Variations of DNA synthesis (DNAS) and mitotic indices along a circadian time
      span are described in the hepatocyte and sinusoid litoral cell populations of
      adult intact male mouse liver. Standardized (light from 0600 to 1800) mice were
      killed in groups of six to nine animals, every 2-4 hr along a circadian time
      span. Hepatocytes show significant peaks in the synthesis of DNA and the mitotic
      activity at 0200 and 1400, respectively. These results correspond to those
      previously described by us in young immature liver, regenerating liver and
      hepatomas. The phase differences between these peaks and the differences between
      their absolute values are discussed. Also considered are the practical
      consequences of our findings for experimental design. The curve of DNA synthesis
      of sinusoid litoral cells show a peak at 0200. The mitotic index show a bimodal
      waveform with peaks at 0800 and 2000. The existence of four different cell
      populations composing the so called sinusoid litoral cells and also the migration
      into and out of the liver of some macrophages considered as litoral (Kupffer)
      cells in our counts, makes interpretation of the curves somewhat complicated and
      deserves further analysis.

PMID- 3870848
TI  - The circadian optimal time for hepatectomy in the study of liver regeneration.
AB  - Standardized (light from 0600 to 1800) C3HS mice, hepatectomized at different
      circadian stages, were killed at 1400 (the peak time of mitotic activity in
      intact mice). The higher values of mitotic index were those of mice operated at
      1400, 48 hr before. The curve of mitotic activity of the regenerating liver of
      mice operated at 1400 and that of mice operated at 0200 (an opposite time in the
      circadian stage) are, both, grossly in phase with the curves of mitotic index in
      young and adult mice liver. The amplitude of the first peak of mitotic activity
      in mice operated at 0200 was dramatically lower than that of animals operated at
      1400. The same applies to hepatocytes as well as to the sinusoid litoral
      population of cells. It is concluded that 1400 hr, as contrast to 0200 hr, is an
      optimal time for hepatectomy if one wants to obtain the highest mitotic index
      first peak during regeneration in a normal phase position (the position of the
      mitotic index peak in the liver of normal young and adult mice).

PMID- 3870849
TI  - Diurnal variation in mood and performance in a time-isolated environment.
AB  - In order to document circadian rhythmicity in various psychological functions
      under the chronobiologically 'pure' condition of temporal isolation, a battery of
      mood and performance tests were administered about 6 times per day to a
      heterogeneous group of 18 subjects (ages 19-81, 5 female). Each subject spent
      about 5 days in temporal isolation, entrained to a routine equivalent to his/her
      own habitual sleep/wake cycle. Average time of day functions were obtained for
      the mood and performance variables, and compared to rectal temperature data
      subjected to exactly the same statistical analysis. Significant time of day
      effects were found in the mood variables of alertness, sleepiness, weariness,
      effort required, happiness and well-being. Times of 'best' mood were different
      from the time of peak temperature. Moreover, the minima of sleepiness, weariness
      and effort occurred earlier in the day than the maximum of alertness. Significant
      time of day effects were also found in the speed with which search and dexterity
      tasks were completed. Only the dexterity tasks showed a complete parallelism with
      the temperature rhythm.

PMID- 3870850
TI  - Circadian rhythms in competitive sabre fencers: internal desynchronization and
      performance.
AB  - During a 7-10 day span, circadian rhythms of sleep-wake, self-rated fatigue and
      mood, oral temperature, eye-hand skill and right and left hand grip strength were
      investigated in eight subjects: five males (21-28 years of age), members of the
      French sabre fencing team selected for the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, and
      three females (19-26 years of age) practicing fleuret (foil) fencing as a sports
      activity. On the average six measurements/day/variable/subject were performed.
      The single cosinor method showed that a circadian rhythm was detectable for only
      26 out of the 56 time series (46.4%). Power spectrum analysis gave almost the
      same figure (19 out of 48: 39.5%) with regard to rhythms with tau = 24 hr
      indicating that with one exception (subject JFL) rhythms were internally
      desynchronized including differences tau between right and left hand grip
      strength rhythms for three subjects. Results suggest: (a) a physiologic
      synchronization of circadian rhythms may be a predictor of good performance; (b)
      however, internal desynchronization as shown previously may be a trivial
      phenomenon and thus does not imply in itself alterations of either health or
      performance; (c) chronobiologic methods should be recommended for a better
      understanding of changes in performance by those participating in competitive and
      other sports.

PMID- 3870851
TI  - Seasonal variations in socially and legally unacceptable sexual behaviour.
AB  - The calendar dates, over the 15-year span 1966-1980, of committed rapes by eight
      male recidivists and offences of sexually indecent or immoral behaviour by eight
      other male recidivists were gathered from the files of the Prefecture de Police,
      Paris, France. Each offender of the first group had committed from two to six
      rapes, while each offender of the second had committed from two to 16 incidences
      of indecent behaviour. Although the reported rapes took place during several
      calendar years, almost all, 18 out of 22 offences, were committed by the eight
      rape-recidivists during the 4-month span of July-October. Single cosinor analysis
      of these data revealed a circannual rhythmicity (P less than 0.03) with luminal
      diameter being 10 August +/- 34 days (the 95% CL). The peak time of indecent
      sexual behaviour, exclusive of rape, against females occurred during September
      with secondary peaks in February and June; such offences directed against males
      peaked in October. 'Bootstrap' and 'Jackknife' methods confirmed seasonality
      within all data sets, except for the offences of indecent behaviour.

PMID- 3870852
TI  - Circadian rhythm of the pupillary response to morphine and to naloxone.
AB  - Mice respond to morphine with characteristic mydriasis which is antagonized by
      naloxone. The present study presents data on the diurnal variation of these
      responses. The mydriatic response is at its highest level at 0800 and has a nadir
      at 2400. This effect is not influenced by ambient light conditions. The miotic
      response to naloxone in the morphine-dilated pupil is maximal between 1200 and
      1600 and minimal at 0400. The curves of the responses to the two drugs,
      therefore, differ as do their acrophases. Pharmacokinetic factors are probably
      not responsible for the observed variations. It is speculated that these diurnal
      changes may reflect cyclic alteration in the affinity of the opiate receptors to
      agonists and antagonists, respectively, or in the number of available receptors.

PMID- 3870853
TI  - Circadian adrenocortical periodicity changes in adult rats stimulated during
      early development--II. Effect of cold stress.
AB  - Rats were cooled at different time points of early postnatal development to study
      the effects of short-term stress on the parameters of the circadian rhythm of the
      adrenocortical function in adults. It was found that rats stressed at the age of
      2-4 or 17-19 days exhibit modified timing in the circadian periodicity of the
      adrenocortical function as adults. Cold stimulation during early development does
      not affect the function of isolated adrenal glands in vitro. It is concluded that
      the effect of early stress on the adrenocortical rhythmicity in adults is
      mediated through central regulatory mechanisms. This effect depends on the age
      when the rat pups are exposed to cold stress.

PMID- 3870854
TI  - Annual changes in the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella L.) development and
      sensitivity to juvenilizing treatments.
AB  - The greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella L.) larvae reared in constant
      conditions showed endogenous annual changes in the sensitivity to juvenilizing
      treatments, i.e. cooling and JHA administration. Also control, untreated larvae
      showed annual changes in normal development. The number of spontaneously
      appearing extra-larval molts, the number of animals entering the state of
      permanent larva, as well as the sex-ratio in Galleria population changes with
      respect to the season of the year. The possible mechanisms involved in these
      phenomena are discussed.

PMID- 3870855
TI  - A hypernychthemeral sleep-wake syndrome: a treatment attempt.
AB  - The wake and sleep-onset times of a patient with a sleep-wake cycle longer than
      24 hr were recorded by the patient for 4 years. During this time, the patient
      found himself unable to maintain a 24-hr sleep-wake schedule. When treated with 1
      2 mg clonazepam, taken nightly, he was able to become entrained to a 24-hr day.
      Despite entrainment of his sleep-wake cycle, the patient reported depression,
      lack of motivation and fatigue and chose not to continue taking the drug.

PMID- 3870856
TI  - A comparative description of mitochondrial DNA differentiation in selected avian
      and other vertebrate genera.
AB  - Levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence divergence between species within
      each of several avian (Anas, Aythya, Dendroica, Melospiza, and Zonotrichia) and
      nonavian (Lepomis and Hyla) vertebrate genera were compared. An analysis of
      digestion profiles generated by 13-18 restriction endonucleases indicates little
      overlap in magnitude of mtDNA divergence for the avian versus nonavian taxa
      examined. In 55 interspecific comparisons among the avian congeners, the fraction
      of identical fragment lengths (F) ranged from 0.26 to 0.96 (F = 0.46), and, given
      certain assumptions, these translate into estimates of nucleotide sequence
      divergence (p) ranging from 0.007 to 0.088; in 46 comparisons among the fish and
      amphibian congeners, F values ranged from 0.00 to 0.36 (F = 0.09), yielding
      estimates of P greater than 0.070. The small mtDNA distances among avian
      congeners are associated with protein-electrophoretic distances (D values) less
      than approximately 0.2, while the mtDNA distances among assayed fish and
      amphibian congeners are associated with D values usually greater than 0.4. Since
      the conservative pattern of protein differentiation previously reported for many
      avian versus nonavian taxa now appears to be paralleled by a conservative pattern
      of mtDNA divergence, it seems increasingly likely that many avian species have
      shared more recent common ancestors than have their nonavian taxonomic
      counterparts. However, estimates of avian divergence times derived from mtDNA-
      and protein-calibrated clocks cannot readily be reconciled with some published
      dates based on limited fossil remains. If the earlier paleontological
      interpretations are valid, then protein and mtDNA evolution must be somewhat
      decelerated in birds. The empirical and conceptual issues raised by these
      findings are highly analogous to those in the long-standing debate about rates of
      molecular evolution and times of separation of ancestral hominids from African
      apes.

PMID- 3870857
TI  - Tempo and mode of concerted evolution in the L1 repeat family of mice.
AB  - A 300-bp DNA sequence has been determined for 30 (10 from each of three species
      of mice) random isolates of a subset of the long interspersed repeat family L1.
      From these data we conclude that members of the L1 family are evolving in concert
      at the DNA sequence level in Mus domesticus, Mus caroli, and Mus platythrix. The
      mechanism responsible for this phenomenon may be either duplicative
      transposition, gene conversion, or a combination of the two. The amount of
      intraspecies divergence averages 4.4%, although between species base
      substitutions accumulate at the rate of approximately 0.85%/Myr to a maximum
      divergence of 9.1% between M. platythrix and both M. domesticus and M. caroli.
      Parsimony analysis reveals that the M. platythrix L1 family has evolved into a
      distinct clade in the 10-12 Myr since M. platythrix last shared a common ancestor
      with M. domesticus and M. caroli. The parsimony tree also provides a means to
      derive the average half-life of L1 sequences in the genome. The rates of gain and
      loss of individual copies of L1 were estimated to be approximately equal, such
      that approximately one-half of them turn over every 3.3 Myr.

PMID- 3870858
TI  - The effects of mispair and nonpair correction in hybrid DNA on base ratios (G + C
      content) and total amounts of DNA.
AB  - Base ratios and total DNA amounts can vary substantially between and within
      higher taxa and genera, and even within species. Gene conversion is one of
      several mechanisms that could cause such changes. For base substitutions,
      disparity in conversion direction is accompanied by an equivalent disparity in
      base ratio at the heterozygous site. Disparity in the direction of gene
      conversion at meiosis is common and can be extreme. For transitions (which give
      purine [R]/pyrimidine [Y] mispairs) and for transversions giving unlike R/R and
      Y/Y mispairs in hybrid DNA, this disparity could give slow but systematic changes
      in G + C percentage. For transversions giving like R/R and Y/Y mispairs, it could
      change AT/TA and CG/GC ratios. From the extent of correction direction disparity,
      one can deduce properties of repair enzymes, such as the ability (1) to excise
      preferentially the purine from one mispair and the pyrimidine from the other for
      two different R/Y mispairs from a single heterozygous site and (2) to excise one
      base preferentially from unlike R/R or Y/Y mispairs. Frame-shifts usually show
      strong disparity in conversion direction, with preferential cutting of the
      nonlooped or the looped-out strand of the nonpair in heterozygous h-DNA. The
      opposite directions of disparity for frame-shifts and their intragenic
      suppressors as Ascobolus suggest that repair enzymes have a strong, systematic
      bias as to which strand is cut. The conversion spectra of mutations induced with
      different mutagens suggest that the nonlooped strand is preferentially cut, so
      that base additions generally convert to mutant and deletions generally convert
      to wild-type forms. Especially in nonfunctional or noncoding DNA, this could
      cause a general increase in DNA amounts. Conversion disparity, selection,
      mutation, and other processes interact, affecting rates of change in base ratios
      and total DNA.

PMID- 3870859
TI  - Estimating divergence times of Drosophila species from DNA sequence comparisons.

PMID- 3870860
TI  - The adaptation of enzymes to temperature: catalytic characterization of
      glucosephosphate isomerase homologues isolated from Mytilus edulis and Isognomon
      alatus, bivalve molluscs inhabiting different thermal environments.
AB  - Homologues of glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI, EC 5.3.1.9) were purified to
      homogeneity and kinetically characterized from Mytilus edulis and Isognomon
      alatus, two bivalve molluscs experiencing contrasting thermal environments. The
      enzyme isolated from I. alatus functions at warmer temperatures (25-35 C) than
      GPI from M. edulis, a species that inhabits colder marine littoral habitats (5-20
      C). The former exhibits apparent first-order (with respect to substrate)
      catalytic rate constants (Vmax/KM) in vitro that become progressively greater
      than the mussel enzyme as the assay temperature is raised. Apparent zero-order
      catalytic rate constants (Vmax) are relatively less differentiated. Catalytic
      efficiency, defined as the rate at which a catalytic event occurs in either
      reaction direction for reference standard states (substrate concentrations), is
      greater for the enzyme from the tropical species (I. alatus) at all realistic
      combinations of temperature and substrate concentration except for the lowest
      temperatures and highest substrate concentrations, where the GPI from the
      boreal/temperate M. edulis is more efficient. This pattern of catalytic
      divergence appears to be due primarily to differentiation in Vmax/KM. These
      results and other published data are reviewed and shown to be inconsistent with
      claims that adaptation of enzymes to higher cell temperatures requires a loss in
      catalytic efficiency.

PMID- 3870861
TI  - Evolution of globin expression in the genus Xenopus (Anura: Pipidae).
AB  - Comparison of electrophoretic globin phenotypes of 18 different Xenopus taxa
      reveals four different basic types of banding patterns. Each type includes
      species that also are similar in their morphological, cytogenetical, and
      biochemical characteristics. Three of these patterns reflect distinct
      evolutionary lines, while the fourth may be interpreted as the intersection of
      two of these lines. The composition of the basic pattern of the highly polyploid
      species is consistent with an allopolyploid origin of most of these species. The
      number of distinct globin polypeptides--four in the only extant diploid species,
      X. tropicalis, and five or more in most of the tetraploid species, including X.
      laevis--suggests that primordial globin genes had undergone duplication either
      before or after the tetraploidization event. Finally, the individual globin
      phenotypes are excellent molecular markers that are of great help in identifying
      the various species but not the subspecies.

PMID- 3870862
TI  - Evolution of crystallins: expression of lens-specific proteins in the blind
      mammals mole (Talpa europaea) and mole rat (Spalax ehrenbergi).
AB  - The mole (Talpa europaea; Insectivora) and the mole rat (Spalax ehrenbergi;
      Rodentia) both have degenerated eyes as a convergent adaptation to subterranean
      life. The rudimentary eye lenses of these blind mammals no longer function in a
      visual process. The crystallin genes, which display a lens-specific expression
      pattern, were studied in these blind mammals and in related species with normal
      eyes by hybridizing their genomic DNAs with probes obtained from cDNA clones for
      alpha A-, alpha B-, and beta Bp-crystallins from calf and gamma 3-crystallin from
      the rat. For all crystallin genes examined, the hybridization signals of mole and
      mole rat genomic DNA were comparable, respectively, with those of shrew and of
      rat and mouse, normal-vision representatives of the orders Insectivora and
      Rodentia. The expression of the crystallins at the protein level was tested by
      using antiserum specific for alpha-crystallin in immunofluorescence reactions on
      lens sections of mole and mole rat eyes and by using antisera against the beta-
      and gamma-crystallins on sections of the mole eye. All antisera gave positive
      fluorescence reactions exclusively with lens tissue of these blind mammals,
      indicating that the crystallins are still normally expressed despite the fact
      that these lenses have had no function in a visual process in these mammals for
      at least many million years. These findings apparently imply that some unknown
      selective advantage has conserved the crystallin genes and their expression after
      the loss of normal function of the lenses.

PMID- 3870863
TI  - Evolution of influenza virus genes.
AB  - The nucleotide sequences of the eight different influenza A virus segments
      (genes) were compared among 14 different subtypes. These comparisons demonstrate
      the presence of molecular clocks in the viral genes; they accumulated both silent
      and amino acid-changing substitutions at approximately constant rates with
      respect to time during evolution. In addition, comparison of the rates of
      evolution among the eight viral genes, excluding the P2 gene, revealed a rapid
      and roughly equal rate of silent substitution for different genes. The P2 gene
      exception is explained as the result of recombination (reassortment) between
      distantly related strains. The rate of amino acid-changing substitution differs
      greatly from gene to gene. The rate of silent substitution was estimated to be
      1.1 X 10(-2)/site/year on the average--that is, about 2 X 10(6) times higher than
      eukaryotic gene equivalents, which is remarkable. Strain A/USSR/90/77 was shown
      to evolve with a rate that is similar to those of other strains but to behave as
      if replication was frozen during a certain period (Nakajima et al. 1978). The
      frozen period was estimated to be 25 yr on the basis of the molecular clock. A
      similar analysis revealed another example of frozen replication--in this case,
      apparently for a period of about 9 yr--in a duck strain, A/duck/Ontario/77.

PMID- 3870864
TI  - Evolution of the mouse beta-globin genes: a recent gene conversion in the Hbbs
      haplotype.
AB  - We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the two nonallelic adult
      beta-globin genes of the C57BL/10 mouse. These genes, designated beta s and beta
      t, show a sequence similarity of 99.6% over the region bordered by the
      translational start and stop codons. Both beta s and beta t encode functional
      polypeptide chains that are identical. A comparison of the C57BL/10 beta-globin
      haplotype, Hbbs, with that of the BALB/c mouse, Hbbd, suggests that the two
      haplotypes have distinct evolutionary histories. The two adult beta-globin genes
      of the Hbbd haplotype, beta dmaj and beta dmin, are 16% divergent at the
      nucleotide level and encode distinct polypeptides that are synthesized in
      differing amounts. Our analysis indicates that a gene correction mechanism has
      been operating on the Hbbs chromosome to keep beta s and beta t evolving in
      concert, whereas on the Hbbd chromosome, beta dmin has diverged considerably from
      beta dmaj. We suggest that gene conversion is responsible for the maintained
      similarity of the Hbbs genes. Furthermore, we attribute the divergence of the
      Hbbd genes in part to the absence of a region of simple-sequence DNA within the
      large intervening sequence of beta dmin. We propose that this region of DNA plays
      a role in facilitating gene conversion. The deletion of this area in beta dmin
      introduced a block of nonhomology between the beta dmaj-beta dmin gene pair and
      thus may have inhibited further gene correction within the Hbbd haplotype.

PMID- 3870865
TI  - Biochemical differentiation in bile duct cestodes and their marsupial hosts.
AB  - Isozyme electrophoresis was used to assess possible cospeciation of parasites
      (cestodes of the Progamotaenia festiva complex) and their hosts (Australian
      diprotodont marsupials) and to compare the extent of interspecific genetic
      diversity of the parasites and their hosts. On the basis of morphology, there are
      three species in the complex, although electrophoresis revealed 14 distinct
      genetic types, most of which were host specific, although there were three cases
      of apparent host switching. The evolutionary relationships among the parasites
      were only partially concordant with those among the hosts. Moreover, the extent
      of electrophoretic diversity among the parasites was much higher than that among
      hosts.

PMID- 3870866
TI  - Homogenization of geographical variants at the nontranscribed spacer of rDNA in
      Drosophila mercatorum.
AB  - rDNA nontranscribed spacer (NTS) lengths of Drosophila mercatorum have been
      measured in individuals from several geographic regions. Individuals from the
      different geographic subpopulations share some length fragments but are in
      general distinct. The length differences, both within and between individuals,
      arise from different copy numbers of a 250-bp repeating unit that is localized to
      one part of the NTS. In addition to the length differences caused by the 250-bp
      repeat, there is a Y chromosome (male)-specific length variant elsewhere in the
      NTS that is approximately 70 bp shorter than the NTS fragment from the X
      chromosome. Sexual dimorphism seems to be present in all Drosophila. Also, D.
      mercatorum has fewer NTS length variants per individual than does D. melanogaster
      while possessing comparable levels of restriction-site polymorphism. The
      mechanisms that may cause this pattern of variation are selection, gene
      conversion, and unequal recombination.

PMID- 3870867
TI  - Chimpanzee fetal G gamma and A gamma globin gene nucleotide sequences provide
      further evidence of gene conversions in hominine evolution.
AB  - The fetal globin genes G gamma and A gamma from one chromosome of a chimpanzee
      (Pan troglodytes) were sequenced and found to be closely similar to the
      corresponding genes of man and the gorilla. These genes contain identical
      promoter and termination signals and have exons 1 and 2 separated by the
      conserved short intron 1 (122 bp) and exons 2 and 3 separated by the more rapidly
      evolving, larger intron 2 (893 bp and 887 bp in chimpanzee G gamma and A gamma,
      respectively). Each intron 2 has a stretch of simple sequence DNA (TG)n serving
      possibly as a "hot spot" for recombination. The two chimpanzee genes encode
      polypeptide chains that differ only at position 136 (glycine in G gamma and
      alanine in A gamma) and that are identical to the corresponding human chains,
      which have aspartic acid at position 73 and lysine at 104 in contrast to glycine
      and arginine at these respective positions of the gorilla A gamma chain.
      Phylogenetic analysis by the parsimony method revealed four silent (synonymous)
      base substitutions in evolutionary descent of the chimpanzee G gamma and A gamma
      codons and none in the human and gorilla codons. These Homininae (Pan, Homo,
      Gorilla) coding sequences evolved at one-tenth the average mammalian rate for
      nonsynonymous and one-fourth that for synonymous substitutions. Three sequence
      regions that were affected by gene conversions between chimpanzee G gamma and A
      gamma loci were identified: one extended 3' of the hot spot with G gamma replaced
      by the A gamma sequence, another extended 5' of the hot spot with A gamma
      replaced by G gamma, and the third conversion extended from the 5' flanking to
      the 5' end of intron 2, with G gamma replaced here by the A gamma sequence. A
      conversion similar to this third one has occurred independently in the descent of
      the gorilla genes. The four previously identified conversions, labeled C1-C4
      (Scott et al. 1984), were substantiated with the addition of the chimpanzee genes
      to our analysis (C1 being shared by all three hominines and C2, C3, and C4 being
      found only in humans). Thus, the fetal genes from all three of these hominine
      species have been active in gene conversions during the descent of each species.

PMID- 3870868
TI  - Codon usage in the vertebrate hemoglobins and its implications.
AB  - A study of codon usage in vertebrate hemoglobins revealed an evolutionary trend
      toward elevated numbers of CpG codon boundary pairs in mammalian hemoglobin alpha
      genes. Selection for CpG codon boundaries countering the generally observed CpG
      suppression is strongly suggested by these data. These observations parallel
      recently published experimental results that indicate that constitutive
      expression of the human alpha-globin gene appears to be determined by regulatory
      information encoded within the structural gene. The possibility is raised that,
      in the absence of selection, CpG decay can be used to date the evolutionary
      origin of a mammalian alpha pseudogene from its active alpha gene.

PMID- 3870869
TI  - Characteristics of a conserved 1,579-bp highly repetitive component in the killer
      whale, Orcinus orca.
AB  - A tandemly organized, highly repetitive DNA component of the killer whale was
      sequenced. The length of the repeat was 1,579 bp. This unit, which characterizes
      all delphinids, shows stringent hybridization homology with a 1,740-bp repeat
      that is characteristic of all other cetacean families. The 1,579-bp component
      comprises approximately 15% of the killer-whale genome, in which it is repeated 4
      5 X 10(5) times. Computer analysis of the sequence showed no linear repetition
      within the component. This indicates that the 1,579-bp unit has not evolved by
      amplification of shorter repeats. Several inverted repeats of substantial length
      were found in the 1,579-bp unit. The most conspicuous of these was a 72-bp
      sequence that deviated from matching in only three positions. The 72-bp sequence
      occurs within an open reading frame 330 bp in length. Transcriptional activity
      was registered in the cloned repeat in a cell-free system. The length of the
      transcript was approximately 340 nucleotides. The chromosomal localization of the
      1,579-bp repeat was determined by in situ hybridization. The repeat was present
      in eight of 21 autosomal pairs and was found in almost all C-band-positive
      (constitutive heterochromatin) regions of the karyotype.

PMID- 3870870
TI  - On the PAM matrix model of protein evolution.
AB  - The internal consistency of the PAM matrix model of protein evolution is here
      investigated. The 1 PAM matrix has been constructed from amino acid replacements
      observed in closely related sequences. Such replacements are of two types, those
      that do not require an intermediate amino acid replacement and those that do. The
      second type of replacement must generally be produced by a repetition of the
      first. This allows data on the first type to be used in predicting data on the
      second type so that some elements of the 1 PAM matrix may be used to predict
      others. A discrepancy of more than two orders of magnitude is found between the
      predictions and the data when this is carried out. This is partly accounted for
      by an error in constructing the matrix. However, it also seems necessary that the
      basic model be modified. Several possibilities are considered. One of these is to
      incorporate a site-dependent spectrum of mutabilities associated with each amino
      acid.

PMID- 3870871
TI  - Generation time and the rate of molecular evolution.

PMID- 3870872
TI  - alpha-Crystallin A sequences of Alligator mississippiensis and the lizard
      Tupinambis teguixin: molecular evolution and reptilian phylogeny.
AB  - The amino acid sequences of the eye lens protein alpha-crystallin A from many
      mammalian and avian species, two frog species, and a dogfish have provided
      detailed information about the molecular evolution of this protein and allowed
      some useful inferences about phylogenetic relationships among these species. We
      now have isolated and sequenced the alpha-crystallins of the American alligator
      and the common tegu lizard. The reptilian alpha A chains appear to have evolved
      as slowly as those of other vertebrates, i.e., at two to three amino acid
      replacements per 100 residues in 100 Myr. The lack of charged replacements and
      the general types and distribution of replacements also are similar to those in
      other vertebrate alpha A chains. Maximum-parsimony analyses of the total data set
      of 67 vertebrate alpha A sequences support the monophyletic origin of alligator,
      tegu, and birds and favor the grouping of crocodilians and birds as surviving
      sister groups in the subclass Archosauria.

PMID- 3870873
TI  - Concerted evolution of the cow epsilon 2 and epsilon 4 beta-globin genes.
AB  - The nucleotide sequences of the cow epsilon 2 and epsilon 4 globin genes were
      determined. The sequences were 95% identical. These genes arose via a four-gene
      block duplication that also gave rise to the bovine fetal (gamma) and adult
      (beta) genes. Their deduced amino acid sequences are unlike any previously
      reported fetal or adult globins; rather, comparison to other mammalian globin
      genes indicates that they are embryonic in nature. The sequence data indicate
      that these two genes have converted each other during evolution. Pairwise
      comparison to the corresponding goat genes shows greater similarity between
      paralogues than between more directly related orthologues. This is in direct
      contrast to the situation between the cow and goat fetal and adult genes. These
      observations suggest that the frequency of DNA conversion or the fixation of
      conversion events may vary in different locations of the cow beta-globin cluster.

PMID- 3870874
TI  - Structure and organization of the bovine beta-globin genes.
AB  - Genomic clones spanning the entire cow beta-globin gene locus have been isolated
      and characterized. These clones demonstrate that the linkage of embryonic-like
      (epsilon) genes and pseudogenes (psi) to the previously described fetal (gamma)
      and adult (beta) genes is as follows: 5'-epsilon 3-epsilon 4-psi 3-beta-epsilon 1
      epsilon 2-psi 1-psi 2-gamma-3'. Present data indicate that, like that of the
      goat, the fetal and adult genes arose via block duplication of an ancestral four
      gene set: epsilon-epsilon-psi-beta. This duplication event preceded the
      divergence of cows and goats, which occurred greater than or equal to 18-20 Myr
      ago. However, cows do not have the additional four-gene block containing a
      preadult/stress globin gene (beta C). Furthermore, the cow fetal cluster contains
      an extra beta-like pseudogene, which apparently arose by a small-scale
      duplication. The fixation of this duplication may indicate a possible
      evolutionary role for pseudogenes.

PMID- 3870875
TI  - Significance of nucleotide sequence alignments: a method for random sequence
      permutation that preserves dinucleotide and codon usage.
AB  - The similarity of two nucleotide sequences is often expressed in terms of
      evolutionary distance, a measure of the amount of change needed to transform one
      sequence into the other. Given two sequences with a small distance between them,
      can their similarity be explained by their base composition alone? The nucleotide
      order of these sequences contributes to their similarity if the distance is much
      smaller than their average permutation distance, which is obtained by calculating
      the distances for many random permutations of these sequences. To determine
      whether their similarity can be explained by their dinucleotide and codon usage,
      random sequences must be chosen from the set of permuted sequences that preserve
      dinucleotide and codon usage. The problem of choosing random dinucleotide and
      codon-preserving permutations can be expressed in the language of graph theory as
      the problem of generating random Eulerian walks on a directed multigraph. An
      efficient algorithm for generating such walks is described. This algorithm can be
      used to choose random sequence permutations that preserve (1) dinucleotide usage,
      (2) dinucleotide and trinucleotide usage, or (3) dinucleotide and codon usage.
      For example, the similarity of two 60-nucleotide DNA segments from the human beta
      1 interferon gene (nucleotides 196-255 and 499-558) is not just the result of
      their nonrandom dinucleotide and codon usage.

PMID- 3870876
TI  - Statistical methods of DNA sequence analysis: detection of intragenic
      recombination or gene conversion.
AB  - Simple but exact statistical tests for detecting a cluster of associated
      nucleotide changes in DNA are presented. The tests are based on the linear
      distribution of a set of s sites among a total of n sites, where the s sites may
      be the variable sites, sites of insertion/deletion, or categorized in some other
      way. These tests are especially useful for detecting gene conversion and
      intragenic recombination in a sample of DNA sequences. In this case, the sites of
      interest are those that correspond to particular ways of splitting the sequences
      into two groups (e.g., sequences A and D vs. sequences B, C, and E-J). Each such
      split is termed a phylogenetic partition. Application of these methods to a well
      documented case of gene conversion in human gamma-globin genes shows that sites
      corresponding to two of the three observed partitions are significantly
      clustered, whereas application to hominoid mitochondrial DNA sequences--among
      which no recombination is expected to occur--shows no evidence of such
      clustering. This indicates that clustering of partition-specific sites is largely
      due to intragenic recombination or gene conversion. Alternative hypotheses
      explaining the observed clustering of sites, such as biased selection or
      mutation, are discussed.

PMID- 3870877
TI  - Enzymic and chemical reduction of 2-deaminoactinomycins to free radicals.
AB  - The antitumour activity of actinomycin D (AMD) has been proposed to result, in
      part, from its intercalation into DNA dG-dC base-pairs leading to an inhibition
      of RNA synthesis. We have recently prepared 2-deamino-2-nitroactinomycin D and 2
      deamino-actinomycin D and determined that, unlike AMD, these analogues do not
      intercalate into calf-thymus DNA. In the present study we show that these
      analogues and their corresponding peptide-free diethylamino derivatives are more
      effective than the parent AMD in forming ion radicals, in stimulating oxygen
      uptake and in forming superoxide anion when incubated in the presence of NADPH
      and NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase. NaBH4-mediated reduction of these compounds
      yielded free radicals as shown by electron paramagnetic resonance (e.p.r.)
      spectroscopy. Free radicals could also be generated by incubation of these
      actinomycins with NADPH and either liver microsomes or purified NADPH cytochrome
      P-450 reductase. In the presence of molecular oxygen these free radicals
      spontaneously reoxidized by transfer of a single electron to molecular oxygen to
      form superoxide. Relative rates of superoxide formation were established for
      these substrates with the 2-deamino-2-nitroactinomycin D exhibiting the highest
      activity. It is proposed that the antitumour activity of these AMD analogues
      results, in part, from their ability to form reactive reduced oxygen species and,
      as such, these actinomycin derivatives may serve as useful probes for the
      tumouricidal mechanism of this family of agents.

PMID- 3870878
TI  - Triazene metabolism. IV. Derivatives of hydroxymethyltriazenes: potential
      prodrugs for the active metabolites of the anti-tumour triazene, DTIC.
AB  - A series of derivatives of the anti-tumour hydroxymethyltriazenes have been
      investigated for activity in vivo and in vitro. Acetoxymethyltriazenes are active
      in vivo against the TLX5, P388 and PC6 tumours in mice, and inhibit the growth of
      TLX5, Np and Li cells in vitro without metabolic activation. The
      acetoxymethyltriazenes are comparable with the hydroxymethyltriazenes and
      monomethyltriazenes in their spectrum of activity and thus appear to be prodrugs
      for these species. On the other hand, a methoxymethyltriazene was found to be
      active on the TLX5 tumour in vivo, but did not inhibit the growth of Np cells in
      vitro. This latter observation is consistent with the anticipated chemical
      stability of the methoxymethyltriazene and the requirement for metabolic O
      demethylation to generate an active species. Acetoxymethyltriazenes do not
      require metabolic intervention and break down chemically in phosphate buffer to
      the hydroxymethyltriazene, which in turn loses formaldehyde to give the incipient
      methylating agent, the monomethyltriazene.

PMID- 3870879
TI  - Triazene metabolism. V. Chemical and biological properties of N,N-bis-[(1-aryl-3
      methyltriazen-3-yl)-methyl]-methylamines: potential prodrugs for the cytotoxic
      monomethyltriazenes.
AB  - N,N-Bis-[(1-aryl-3-methyltriazen-3-yl)-methyl]-methylamines, 'bistriazenes', have
      anti-tumour activity against the TLX5 and PC6 mouse tumours and inhibit the
      growth of tumour cells growing in culture, without metabolic activation. The
      biological activity of the bistriazene appears to derive from facile hydrolysis
      to the cytotoxic monomethyltriazene, Ar-N = N-NHMe, and it is suggested that the
      bistriazene may be a good prodrug from for the 'active' metabolite of the anti
      tumour dimethyltriazene, Ar-N-N = N-NME2. A kinetic study of the bistriazene
      hydrolysis shows that the reaction is retarded by electron-withdrawing
      substituents in the aryl group. The results can be interpreted by a mechanism in
      which the bistriazene behaves as an 'animal' (i.e. N-CH2-N) and undergoes
      anchimerically assisted fragmentation, via an iminium ion intermediate, to the
      monomethyltriazene.

PMID- 3870880
TI  - Proximity between the infant and its mother and the development of independence
      in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).
AB  - A randomly selected group of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) living in
      seminatural conditions has been utilized to study the relationships between an
      infant and its mother and between an infant and the other members of the group
      during the development of the infant from the 1st to the 6th month of life.
      Considering the proximity (0 to 3 m) for different types of partners, it has been
      found that the greatest difference between sexes occurred towards the 3rd month
      of the infant's life. For the behaviour On mother (proximity 0 m) the author has
      made an extra analysis. The results show that, in respect of the development of
      the infants, the relative frequency and duration of On mother decrease for both
      male and female infants, though at different rates: from the 3rd month of life,
      the female infants stay longer in On mother than the male infants. A significant
      positive correlation between frequency and duration of On mother was found in
      females.

PMID- 3870881
TI  - Genetic polymorphism of erythrocyte acid phosphatase in Indian populations.
AB  - The polymorphism of erythrocyte acid phosphatase has been investigated in seven
      endogamous caste groups of Patiala and Faridkot districts of Punjab in north-west
      India. The frequency of the Pa allele in these groups varies from 26.8 to 38.3%,
      but there is no evidence for any significant heterogeneity in the total sample.
      The Pc allele is present in some of the groups, though in non-polymorphic
      proportions. Furthermore, the distribution of this polymorphism in Indian
      populations has been examined using gene frequency data available in the
      literature. The present study shows that while no clinal component is discernible
      in the distribution of this red cell enzyme in India, the populations of north
      India stand out with comparatively high Pa and Pc frequencies, and in almost all
      regions the incidence of these two alleles is higher in the non-tribals as
      compared to the tribals. The possible causes of this heterogeneity are discussed.

PMID- 3870882
TI  - Estimation and hypotheses testing with regard to fitness in a finite population
      of two types.
AB  - A time homogeneous stochastic process is used to describe the dynamics of a
      population of size N composed of two types. A method is presented for estimation
      and hypotheses testing with regard to relative fitness of the two types in the
      population.

PMID- 3870883
TI  - Effect of antimalarial drugs on erythrocyte agglutination by lectins.
AB  - The study reports on the effect of 6 antimalarial drugs on red cell agglutination
      by Erythrina lithosperma. Phaseolus vulgaris and Ulex europaeus lectins. Some
      drugs inhibited agglutination while others potentiated it. Possible causes have
      been discussed.

PMID- 3870884
TI  - Ahaptoglobinemia in Favism patients from Iran.
AB  - Haptoglobin patterns were studied in Favism patients (n = 361). G6PD deficients
      (n = 42) and healthy controls (n = 168). A high frequency of ahaptoglobinemia
      (79.50%) was found in Favism patients. No such type was detected in the G6PD
      deficients and the control group. In the Favism patients, the Hp2-1 and Hp2-2
      patterns exhibited the normal and weak (Hypo) type, whereas the G6PD deficient
      and normal samples did not show such a differentiation. The Hp2 allele frequency
      was noted to be slightly higher in the G6PD deficient persons.

PMID- 3870885
TI  - Relationships among three Muslim and one Hindu endogamous groups of Madhya
      Pradesh. I. Genetic distance analysis.
AB  - Genetic distances have been estimated among three Muslim groups, the Sunni, Shia
      and the Bohra, and a Hindu group, the Brahman, from five districts of the
      centrally located state of Madhya Pradesh in India. The distances are based on
      five genetic systems, the ABO, MN and Rh blood groups. PIC taste sensitivity and
      colour blindness. None of the 6 distances among the 4 groups was statistically
      significant. However, cluster analysis showed that Sunni and Shia form a very
      close cluster which is successively joined by Brahman and Bohra, the latter
      having comparatively large distances from all the other groups.

PMID- 3870886
TI  - Blood groups of the people of Dasht Mishan Khuzistan, Iran.
AB  - A B O, Rh, MNSs, Kell and Lewis blood groups and also secretor and nonsecretor
      system in 97 samples from hospitals and 97 samples as control group have been
      studied in Dasht Mishan, Khuzistan, Iran. The results showed that there exists a
      relatively high frequency of the B(0.278), K(0.53) and Du(0.166) genes compared
      to the neighbouring populations. They also showed a high frequency of cDe(0.206)
      and that of MN(55.67-58.76). Hospital samples and the control showed significant
      differences for the B, Se and se genes and also for the Ee and ee compositions.
      Observed differences between the hospital samples and the control were probably
      not simply because of selection but other factors like founder effect and genetic
      drift have certainly affected the gene frequencies in the populations studied.

PMID- 3870887
TI  - Serum protein polymorphisms in selected areas of West Bengal, India.
AB  - Serum proteins like haptoglobins and transferrin and total protein types were
      determined in healthy donors from West Bengal, with different levels of
      industrialisation and urbanisation, by disc gel electrophoresis. The frequency of
      the allele Hp2 was much higher in all the areas. A highly significant difference
      was observed between industrial and agricultural areas. However, the differences
      among the industrial districts were not significant except between the districts
      of Howrah and 24-Parganas.

PMID- 3870888
TI  - Costs and problems of finding women exposed to a hazardous drug.
AB  - We recorded the costs of identifying, tracing, and contacting women who had taken
      diethylstilbestrol (DES) during pregnancy. Among 6,143 women who delivered a live
      birth between 1940 and 1960 at this medical center there were 271 who were DES
      exposed. An additional 271 unexposed women were selected as a comparison group
      for a study of the late effects of DES. The costs of locating the women were
      initially low but rose steeply as progressively more complicated tracing methods
      were used. Geographic mobility, changes in marital status, and the scanty
      identifying information recorded in women's medical records complicated the
      search and added to the costs. Tracing would be easier and less expensive if
      standard identifying information, including maiden name, social security number,
      and date of birth, were included in the medical records for all women.

PMID- 3870889
TI  - Who provides gynecologic care?
AB  - To determine who provides gynecologic care for women who see internists, we
      interviewed 474 women who had return appointments at an academic primary care
      internal medicine center (PCC). Interview data indicated that 241 patients (51
      percent) received gynecologic care in the PCC, 145 patients (31 percent) received
      gynecologic care from a non-PCC source, 48 patients (10 percent) did not receive
      needed care, and 40 patients (8 percent) did not require gynecologic care. Among
      the 145 patients who received gynecologic care from a non-PCC source, 121 (83
      percent) received routine services that were readily available in the PCC. After
      completion of the interview, 28 (23 percent) of these 121 patients indicated that
      they did not plan to return to their non-PCC gynecologic provider. An economic
      analysis revealed that the savings to the patients and their insurers that could
      be realized by providing gynecologic care in the PCC for patients who were
      willing to switch from a non-PCC source would nearly offset the cost of providing
      routine gynecologic care to those patients who are in need of such care but are
      not now receiving it. Because internists are being trained to provide most
      routine gynecologic services, they often should be able to save their patients
      the cost and inconvenience of an extra visit to another physician.

PMID- 3870890
TI  - A comparative analysis of rural and urban mortality in Georgia, 1979.
AB  - This paper examines the relationship between mortality and ruralness in the state
      of Georgia. In 1979, the rural Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) for deaths from
      all causes was significantly higher than expected when compared to statewide
      levels, while the urban SMR was significantly lower (p less than 0.01). Of the 13
      leading causes of death, 9 had rural SMRs significantly higher than expected,
      while only homicide had a significantly greater urban SMR (p less than 0.01).
      Although much of the rural/urban difference in overall mortality is attributed to
      the fact that the rural population is older, figures adjusted for age and race
      still reveal that the rural death rate is significantly higher than the urban
      rate (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, there are several specific differences when
      analyzed by cause of death, age, and race that remain unexplained. Specific rural
      health problems include congenital anomalies, motor vehicle and other accidents,
      heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease. Specific urban health problems
      include homicides and cancer. In addition to metropolitan status, a second
      indicator of ruralness, county population size, was used to analyze the data and
      produced similar results. As county population size increases, the total
      mortality decreases.

PMID- 3870891
TI  - Interaction between a medical group and a school of public health: a case study
      of a productive affiliation.
AB  - As schools of the health sciences come under increasing financial pressures and
      providers must cope with the increasing complexity of the health care system,
      mutually supportive arrangements may become more common and more important to
      both parties. Underlying such arrangements is the expectation that the schools of
      the health sciences may gain sources of support for professional education and
      access to training opportunities and that the providers may gain in operational
      capacity and access to specialized expertise. We have developed a collaborative
      relationship between a school of public health and a multispecialty group medical
      practice. Although in some respects an improbable combination, the relationship
      has yielded benefits and may be of interest to other institutions.

PMID- 3870892
TI  - Patient-perceived side effects to antihypertensive drugs.
AB  - The Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP) used two methods to
      collect data on drug side effects. First, questions were asked during annual home
      visits by nontherapist interviewers, and second, responses were elicited by
      questionnaire at each clinic visit. Frequency of side effects as reported by the
      participants was similar in stepped care and referred care participants. Among
      the stepped care participants attending clinic, 75 percent continued to report at
      least one of the side effects reported at baseline. New symptoms (not previously
      reported) were less frequent, reported by 14 percent. Although medications were
      discontinued in 17 percent of the HDFP participants due to side effects, less
      than 2 percent of those reporting side effects had their drug discontinued for
      the symptom they reported. We concluded that questionnaire-elicited reports of
      drug side effects are a relatively poor index of side effects.

PMID- 3870894
TI  - Cost per service differentials in local health departments.
AB  - An emerging issue in health care is the relative efficiency with which local
      health departments provide their services. The problem is complicated by the fact
      that many factors may contribute to variations in efficiency. We have developed a
      framework for analyzing such variations across departments, using cost per
      service (CPS) as the measure of efficiency. The approach is illustrated with data
      from all 82 county or district health departments in North Carolina. CPS levels
      can be differentially affected by selected uncontrollable characteristics of the
      serviced population. Thus, when used to evaluate departmental performance, or to
      determine reimbursement rates, the CPS must be adjusted for relevant exogenous
      factors. Our method of cluster analysis accounts "naturally" for these factors,
      thereby allowing for development of policy decisions more responsive to actual
      health department circumstances.

PMID- 3870893
TI  - Visions of the year 2000.

PMID- 3870895
TI  - Nitrate contamination of domestic potable water supplies: a social problem?
AB  - Nitrate contamination of potable water supplies is a recognized health hazard.
      Potentially, the contamination of private drinking water supplies could be a
      problem in the rural Palouse area of Idaho and Washington. Studies have shown
      that 12 percent of the rural population of Whitman County, Washington, may be
      drinking water containing nitrates in excess of the national standard. Yet there
      is no organized concern about this potential health hazard among local citizens.
      After reviewing the literature on nitrate contamination of ground water and
      discussing nitrate contamination of private potable water supplies in the
      Palouse, we use a social movement theory of social problems to explain why this
      situation has not been defined as a public health problem.

PMID- 3870896
TI  - Primary prevention of coronary heart disease.

PMID- 3870897
TI  - The use of home care in terminal cancer.
AB  - In order to identify factors associated with the use of home care services and
      satisfaction with those services, interviews were conducted with 72 percent of
      the surviving relatives and 92 percent of the physicians of a random sample of
      133 patients from the Rochester, New York, area who had died of cancer and who
      had been diagnosed at least two weeks before death. These interviews included a
      self-administered attitude questionnaire from which ten attitude-scale scores
      were derived. Forty-one percent of the sample had used organized home care
      services, almost all under a home-hospice program. In comparison with nonusers,
      home care users tended to be younger, married, to have a longer terminal care
      period, and to spend more of it at home. Relatives of patients who had used home
      care services, in comparison with relatives of nonusers, were less satisfied with
      the availability of care and reported that the patient had experienced more pain.
      This study also highlights problems in communication, particularly between the
      physician and the patients and their families, and the effects of home care on
      the families, especially the primary care-giver. In order for home care and home
      death to be viable options for a larger number of terminal cancer patients,
      family members need to be assured of around-the-clock availability of care,
      adequate pain control, and respite care to provide temporary relief from the
      burden of home care.

PMID- 3870898
TI  - A preliminary validation of a nutritional risk measure for the elderly.
AB  - We used data from a two-stage random sample of 401 noninstitutionalized elderly
      individuals residing in 18 census tracts in south-central metropolitan St. Louis
      to establish the reliability and validity of a 16-item nutritional risk measure.
      Reliability analysis yielded a Cronbach's alpha of 0.603. Concurrent predictive
      validity was demonstrated by the prediction of physician, emergency room, and
      hospital use. Individuals with high scores displayed a consistent pattern of
      higher rates of known nutrition-related problems and their sequelae than did
      those with low scores, providing evidence of known groups validity. Statistical
      correlations with components of an established theoretical model of the elderly's
      health and illness behavior demonstrate preliminary support for construct
      validity. The advantages of our nutritional risk measure include its ease of
      administration and telephone portability.

PMID- 3870899
TI  - Beliefs, social normative influences, and compliance with antihypertensive
      medication.
AB  - We explored the relationship between beliefs and social normative influences and
      self-reported hypertension medication compliance using questionnaire items based
      on the belief intention model of Ajzen and Fishbein. Persons for whom
      antihypertensive medication had been prescribed were asked to agree or disagree
      with statements about taking their medicine. Respondents were a subset of
      participants in a 1980 survey of risk factors for heart disease in two
      Pennsylvania counties. Highly significant differences between compliant and
      noncompliant individuals were observed for all items except one referring to
      cost. A stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with age,
      sex, and the belief and social normative items as independent variables, and
      reported compliance as the dependent variable. Three variables, age, "taking my
      blood pressure medicine as the doctor told me would not be necessary when my
      blood pressure is normal," and "your family wants you to take your blood pressure
      medicine as the doctor told you," entering into the equation in that order,
      significantly improved discrimination between compliant and noncompliant persons.
      The questionnaire's success may have resulted from moving beyond assessing
      participant's knowledge or beliefs about hypertension in the abstract to
      ascertaining the direct relevance of these beliefs to their taking their
      medicine.

PMID- 3870900
TI  - Planning for aging in the twenty-first century.
AB  - The population of Rhode Island is aging more rapidly than that of most states
      and, therefore, can be used to illustrate the effects of aging on health systems,
      effects that may occur somewhat later or less extensively in most other states.
      Rhode Island population projections indicate a lull in aging between 1990 and
      2010, followed by a 50 percent increase in the elderly cohort as the post-World
      War II "baby boom" population becomes 65 years of age and older between 2010 and
      2030. Current (constant) Rhode Island rates of physician visits and hospital and
      nursing home use were applied to the projected population and translated into
      physician and hospital bed requirements and health expenditures, demonstrating
      that the resource costs of aging will be very large between 2010 and 2030 unless
      health service needs are reduced substantially and/or alternatives to hospital
      and nursing home services are developed. During the next 30 years, there will
      exist a unique and critical opportunity to restructure the medical care system.
      By developing alternatives to hospital inpatient care and nursing home care and
      by investing in primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention efforts, the baby
      boom population may remain healthier longer and, therefore, may require less
      medical care than elders today.

PMID- 3870901
TI  - Compliance with follow-up appointments generated in a pediatric emergency room.
AB  - We studied all follow-up visits generated by initial emergency room (ER) visits
      made over the course of one year by patients enrolled in a pediatric primary care
      clinic (PCC). A total of 2,552 ER visits were made by 714 patients, 960 (37.6
      percent) of these resulting in a follow-up visit. Of the 960, (82.4 percent)
      resulted in appointments to the PCC, with a 53.9 percent compliance rate; and 169
      (17.6 percent) resulted in appointments to the ER, with an 89.3 percent
      compliance rate (p less than .001). Factors found to be associated with greater
      compliance with follow-up appointments were (1) the appointment being made to the
      ER rather than to the clinic, (2) the child being less than 18 months of age, (3)
      the patient having private insurance, and (4) an initial ER diagnosis of trauma,
      seizure, or burn. Factors found to be unrelated to compliance with follow-up
      visits were the patient's sex (when corrected for trauma cases), race, having a
      chronic condition, having a telephone, length of time as a clinic enrollee,
      distance from home to hospital, and type of primary provider (physician versus
      nurse practitioner).

PMID- 3870902
TI  - The journey to birth: medical and geographical patterns of births to women of a
      rural Kentucky county, 1911-1980.
AB  - A relative lack of medical services is common in rural areas, and it has been
      suggested that the number of births in the mother's county of residence reflects
      both the availability of obstetric services as well as attitudes toward local and
      nonlocal medical care. In order to better understand these relationships, we
      analyzed the evolution of medical and geographical patterns of births to women of
      a rural Kentucky county in the context of both a changing philosophy and a
      changing availability of medical care. Specifically, using archival data, we
      assessed the locus (i.e., home versus hospital) and location (i.e., county) of
      births to Robertson County women from 1911 to 1980. Without a hospital for the
      entire period and with the number of physicians declining, the percentage of in
      county home births increased steadily, reaching virtually 100 percent by 1950.
      During this same period, the number of physicians practicing there decreased from
      22 to 2. Subsequent delivery patterns reflect the acceptance by the physicians
      and women of the "principle" of hospital delivery formally enounced in 1945. By
      1965, home births had been eliminated, and Robertson County women were, of
      necessity, traveling the 25-30 miles to the several hospitals in contiguous
      counties. In the past 15 years, a substantial proportion (almost 20 percent) have
      elected to travel to hospitals even farther (55-60 miles) from Robertson County.
      Generally, the Robertson County experience reflects the "lag" observed in the
      rural-urban, home versus hospital birth experience. Nevertheless, since 1966, all
      recorded births to Robertson County women have occurred in hospitals.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3870903
TI  - A health program's effect on neonatal mortality in eastern Kentucky.
AB  - We examined the impact of an innovative rural health program in central
      Appalachia on neonatal mortality by comparing improvements in the neonatal
      mortality rates of the serviced counties to those of the 13 control counties.
      Using data on all births and neonatal deaths in the study and control counties
      from 1970 to 1978 (tabulated by mother's county of residence), an expected
      neonatal mortality rate of each county was calculated by standardizing for the
      most important risk components: birth weight, sex, and birth multiplicity. An
      index of medical care effectiveness, the standardized mortality rate (SMR) for
      the study and control counties was computed by dividing the observed neonatal
      mortality rate by the expected rate. The SMRs of the study and control counties
      were then compared using a standard normal test statistic. The results indicated
      that the SMRs were significantly different in the control and study counties in
      the preintervention period 1970-1972. In subsequent years the SMRs converged,
      resulting in nearly equal rates for 1977-1978. The improvement in neonatal
      mortality in both areas may be due to their improved economic status rather than
      health care alone.

PMID- 3870904
TI  - Nonprescription drug use among the elderly.
AB  - We investigated the extent of the use of nonprescription drugs among an elderly
      population and the health and social characteristics most related to their use
      (nonprescription drugs referring to "medicines that don't require a prescription
      for slight illnesses"). The study data derive from an interview survey of a
      random sample of adult members of a large health maintenance organization (HMO).
      While most of the members we interviewed used nonprescription drugs, only one in
      eight were categorized as using them "very often," the category of most frequent
      use. Nonprescription drug use was more often associated with reports of common,
      largely self-limiting conditions than with less common symptoms that could be
      indicative of serious underlying disease. Such drugs appeared to be used in
      conjunction with, rather than instead of, physician services. The most frequent
      users also more frequently asked pharmacists for advice, had unfilled
      prescriptions, and did not follow physician's instructions. Emotional and mental
      health were the most important factors accounting for nonprescription drug use
      among the elderly, particularly among the most frequent users. The profile of the
      "most frequent" elderly user is one of having emotional health problems; engaging
      in self-care, but also receiving professional physician services; and engaging in
      some questionable health behaviors, but not skeptical of medicine in general. Our
      findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the emotional needs of the
      elderly.

PMID- 3870905
TI  - The mental health needs of Mexican-American agricultural workers.
AB  - We used three measurement procedures to produce a comprehensive profile of the
      mental health needs of Mexican-American farmworkers and to determine what kinds
      of mental health services were required to meet those needs. These measurement
      procedures were a field survey, a key informant survey, and a nominal group
      process. The results of the field survey indicated that rural Mexican Americans
      are not being served by mental health providers, despite their having higher
      symptom levels than would be expected in the general population and their
      substantial use of rural primary health clinics and private physicians. The key
      informant survey included mental health providers, health providers, and
      community agency personnel. According to these informants, the mental health
      sector is unable to provide services for the farmworkers; and the ability of
      other providers to reach them depends on a number of factors, including the
      nature of the services offered and the socioeconomic characteristics of the
      farmworkers themselves. Key informants identified the environmental conditions
      implicated in the farmworkers' psychosocial problems and recommended types of
      services, sites, and key personnel. Key informants concurred that general health
      settings and multiservice agencies were the most appropriate for reaching Mexican
      Americans, and that mental health services must include bilingual and bicultural
      staff members. Key informants disagreed, however, about the relative value of
      certain kinds of mental health services. The nominal group process identified 32
      design criteria that could be used to improve mental health services for
      farmworkers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3870906
TI  - The desire to control terminal health care and attitudes toward living wills.
AB  - The desire for control over one's health care is defined as preferring to
      directly influence the nature of that care. We attempted to measure the following
      relevant constructs and to examine the relationships among them: (1) desire-for
      control (DCON) in a specific health care setting--a hypothetical situation in
      which a person was facing imminent death; (2) attitude toward an action perceived
      as enhancing control in that situation--signing a living will; and (3) intention
      to exercise control by performing that action--actually signing a living will. An
      analysis of variance (DCON x attitude) of intention to sign a living will yielded
      statistically significant main effects for DCON and attitude, although DCON was
      in a direction counter to that predicted. Possible explanations for the DCON
      finding were explored.

PMID- 3870907
TI  - Controlling the smoking epidemic.

PMID- 3870908
TI  - Occult-blood screening for colorectal carcinoma: the risks.
AB  - The evidence that occult-blood (Hemoccult) screening for colorectal carcinoma is
      beneficial has been examined in a companion paper. No data have yet been
      published demonstrating actual reductions in morbidity or mortality among
      patients undergoing the test. In this paper the risks of occult-blood screening
      are examined. It is shown that significant harm may result from the test's
      widespread application, due to the need for extensive endoscopic and radiological
      investigations in persons with a positive result (the vast majority of whom will
      subsequently be found not to have cancer). Furthermore, the most favorable
      benefit-risk ratio in Hemoccult screening (i.e., the highest positive predictive
      value for cancer) is found among persons over 70 years of age. Yet they are
      generally the least likely of patients screened to undergo treatment if a cancer
      is found. It is concluded that the risks of occult-blood screening could outweigh
      the benefits of any age group.

PMID- 3870909
TI  - Preventing mental disorders in the minority community.
AB  - Studies in community mental health have noted a disproportionate incidence of
      mental illness in minority populations. However, it is impossible to document its
      true extent without a proper data base. Most of our knowledge is based on reports
      from institutions and social service agencies--coroner's offices, police
      departments, and various treatment programs. The resulting distortion of the data
      makes it difficult to develop prevention policies and programs. Further, the
      politics incurred in implementing programs in minority communities suggest that
      there are political barriers to providing such services. This paper examines
      these critical political-social factors.

PMID- 3870910
TI  - Senior medical students' attitudes toward choosing residency programs in primary
      care.
AB  - To investigate the associations between medical students' first choice for their
      graduate medical education specialty (primary care versus non-primary care) and
      both their sociodemographic characteristics and their perceptions of the
      importance of 44 factors related to that choice, we conducted a survey of the
      1982 senior medical students at the three medical schools in Louisiana. The major
      differences that we found between the students choosing primary care residency
      programs and those choosing non-primary care programs included the following: the
      primary care group was much more likely to be married; to have resided in smaller
      communities during their childhood, high school, and premedical school years; to
      have made their decision on a specialty prior to medical school; and to place
      less importance on hospital reputation, quality of facilities, and up-to-date
      equipment in choosing a graduate medical program. No differences between the two
      groups were found for the following variables: whether or not they had children;
      whether or not they had resided in Louisiana during early childhood, high school,
      or premedical school; and whether or not they had resided in the South for those
      same time periods. Although the primary care group had a higher proportion of
      women than the non-primary care group, the difference was not statistically
      significant.

PMID- 3870911
TI  - Tobacco's impact on twentieth-century U.S. mortality patterns.

PMID- 3870912
TI  - The international role of a U.S. medical school in developing health services.
AB  - This paper discusses the educational approach taken by the Department of
      Community Medicine of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in providing technical
      assistance in foreign countries. Using a specific project in the Dominican
      Republic as an example, the paper describes the role and different functions
      assumed by the department in planning and developing a health care system in the
      eastern region of that country.

PMID- 3870913
TI  - Specialties chosen by medical students who participated in a student-run,
      community-based free clinic.
AB  - Since 1974 the Hispanic medical and premedical students at the University of
      California, Davis, have operated a free clinic in a Hispanic community in
      Sacramento with the support and assistance of the family practice department.
      Using National Residency Matching Program data for the years 1978-1982, we
      compared the specialties selected by the students who had participated in Clinica
      Tepati for elective credit with those selected by all other graduating students.
      Almost all of the Clinica Tepati students (96.5 percent) selected one of the
      primary care specialties--family practice, pediatrics, and internal medicine-
      with 55.2 percent selecting family practice. These specialty choices of the
      Clinica Tepati students were significantly different from those of the other
      students. No cause-and-effect relationship can be determined when studying a self
      selected group of students, yet the large percentage of the Clinica Tepati
      students selecting primary care does point toward such community-oriented
      experiences having some value in motivating or reinforcing a student's choice of
      primary care as a career goal.

PMID- 3870914
TI  - The nonuse of free health-screening by rural elderly.
AB  - We studied the population of noninstitutionalized elderly persons in Iowa County,
      Iowa, who had not used a well-elderly clinic offering free home or clinic
      assessments by a nurse. Questionnaires were administered by trained interviewers
      to a sample of the nonuser population, 60 years of age and over (n = 360). Fifty
      five percent did not know that there was a well-elderly clinic in the county in
      spite of widespread advertising. Nonusers who had heard of the clinic were more
      highly educated and had more transportation problems than nonusers who were aware
      of the clinic. Sixty percent of those who saw no point in going to a doctor if
      they were feeling well were unaware of the clinic. Nonusers tended to be older,
      living on farms, mobile, long-time residents, and 54 percent had less than a high
      school education. The cost of health care was not a problem. The major reason
      given for not using the clinic was that the person was "under a doctor's care."
      Those who had no regular doctor did not plan to use the clinic because they felt
      healthy.

PMID- 3870915
TI  - Presidential cancer.

PMID- 3870917
TI  - Public policy and dietary recommendations to reduce population levels of blood
      cholesterol.
AB  - Because atherosclerosis and its physiological/behavioral precursors are mass
      phenomena and because the scientific evidence supports the potential benefit,
      safety, and feasibility of a population wide approach to their prevention,
      changes in eating patterns are recommended to lower average blood cholesterol
      levels for the American public. This public health approach is complementary to
      needed research on mechanisms of diet response, lipoprotein regulation,
      atherosclerosis, and coronary disease, and to the identification and treatment of
      individuals with dyslipoproteinemia or other elevated risk characteristics.

PMID- 3870916
TI  - Medical school education in hypertension management: a national survey.
AB  - Results of a survey of 90 medical schools in 44 states indicate that only 11 had
      specific hypertension sections, and that after completion of four years of
      medical school, students had received only 18 hours of instruction in the
      management of hypertension. Undergraduate students spent only an average of 1.5
      weeks in clinics specifically designated for the treatment of hypertension, and
      small numbers of students were involved in each school at any one time. Specific
      instruction during residency training was also minimal. Even when ward round and
      general medical clinic teaching hours are included, instruction in the management
      of hypertension is limited for a disease that is the most common chronic illness
      in the United States and accounts for over 5 percent of all physician visits by
      adults. An increased emphasis should be placed on training for the management of
      hypertension within the undergraduate curriculum and within the existing general
      medical and hypertension clinics.

PMID- 3870918
TI  - Determinants of health provider selection in a West Dallas, Mexican-American
      community.
AB  - The focus of health policy has shifted since the late 1970s from emphasizing
      "equal access" to now considering cost-efficiency in health care as vital. This
      paper analyzes factors related to the selection of a health provider in a low
      income community in West Dallas, Texas. Specifically, it looks at two sets of
      characteristics (population at risk and health provision system) as they
      influence the choice of hospital outpatient services as a source of health care.
      When subjected to multivariate analysis, it was found that health system
      characteristics, and convenience measures in particular, had the greatest impact
      on consumers' choice of these services. The notion of "equity" for future health
      planners concerned with providing services to low-income communities will best be
      served by the more efficient use of existing hospital clinics rather than by
      continuing to provide health care systems that serve the poor exclusively.

PMID- 3870919
TI  - Minimum optimum scale of federally qualified health maintenance organizations.
AB  - From a policy standpoint it is important to identify the level of output at which
      average cost per unit is at its lowest. If minimum optimum scale is achieved at a
      very high output level, it would suggest that monopoly conditions should be
      allowed to prevail. If, however, minimum optimum scale is achieved at a low level
      of output, more organizations would be able to survive, allowing for competition
      in the marketplace. Using data published by the Office of Health Maintenance
      Organizations, the relationship between size and average cost was examined in
      federally qualified staff, group, and Independent Practice Association (IPA)
      health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and minimum optimum scale was identified
      for each organization. The findings support the hypothesis that least cost size
      is achieved at the lowest level of output in IPA HMOs. The hypothesis that
      minimum optimum scale would be achieved at a lower level of output in group
      rather than in staff HMOs was not supported. This may be due to the practice of
      some staff HMOs of employing part-time, salaried providers and purchasing unique
      services from other providers.

PMID- 3870920
TI  - The Health-Grant University: a comprehensive national health education plan.
AB  - Although the need for universal and better health education has been recognized,
      no nationwide comprehensive program has been established. Consequently, we are
      proposing founding a national program of statewide health education networks,
      comparable in some ways to the Cooperative Extension Services of Land-Grant and
      Sea-Grant Universities. One institution in each state would qualify for
      designation as the State Health-Grant University, and all other public and
      private colleges located throughout the state would be encouraged to appoint one
      faculty member to serve as the health educator for the corresponding service
      area. Each health educator would receive an adjunct appointment at the health
      grant university and would be required to participate in special training
      sessions and to master progressive health education strategies. The health
      educator would link the academic world and the community, educating the community
      about health and disease prevention and the significance of lifestyle. By
      catalyzing and coordinating efforts with teachers, ministers, nurses, physicians,
      business leaders, and others, the health educator would make an important
      contribution to the community. By addressing disease prevention and health
      maintenance, the Health-Grant University Program would strive to motivate the
      community to achieve greater individual health initiatives, while helping develop
      skills for personal health management and providing access to needed health
      services. Federal legislation would be required to create a national commission
      to coordinate the program, but community volunteers would make the program cost
      effective and self-sustaining.

PMID- 3870921
TI  - An appointment reminder system's effect on reducing the number of hypertension
      patients who drop out from care.
AB  - We evaluated the effects of an appointment reminder system on the appointment
      keeping behavior and blood pressure control status of hypertensive patients
      receiving care in an urban medical clinic. The study population consisted of 973
      adult hypertensive patients receiving medical care at a family practice clinic
      affiliated with the Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.
      Of the 973 patients enrolled in the study, 486 were randomly assigned to a group
      that received appointment reminder cards and telephone calls to reschedule missed
      appointments, and 487 were assigned to a nonintervention control group. Patients
      were followed-up with regard to their appointment-keeping behavior and blood
      pressure control status, five to eight months after being entered in the study.
      The study results indicate that patients in the appointment reminder group kept
      significantly more appointments and were less likely to drop out of treatment
      than patients in the control group. The dropout rate was 46 percent lower among
      patients in the appointment reminder group than in the control group. Patients in
      the appointment reminder group also demonstrated slightly better blood pressure
      control at the end of the study compared with patients in the control group,
      although none of the differences in blood pressure levels between groups were
      statistically significant at the 5 percent level.

PMID- 3870923
TI  - The behavioral risk factor surveys: III. Chronic heavy alcohol use in the United
      States.
AB  - Results of adult telephone interview data from aggregated state surveys show
      significant chronic alcohol use (two or more drinks per day) by 8.7 percent of
      the U.S. population. Rates are higher in men than in women (13.8 percent versus
      4.0 percent, and higher in whites than in blacks (9.1 percent versus 4.5
      percent). Women 25-44 years of age have significantly lower rates (2.9 percent)
      than women 18-24 (5.7 percent) or women 45-64 (4.6 percent). Also, rates are
      higher in heavy smokers (over one pack per day) than nonsmokers (22.4 percent
      versus 5.9 percent), among nonusers of seatbelts than users of seatbelts (10.5
      percent versus 6.2 percent), and in those who reported driving after having had
      "too much" to drink than in those who did not (32.3 percent versus 7.5 percent).
      Overweight women (2.7 percent) and those who eat in response to stress (3.1
      percent) have lower rates of chronic heavy alcohol use than those without these
      risk factors. Alcohol-related morbidity contributes substantially to the loss of
      productive life. We conclude that examining alcohol consumption in the light of
      other lifestyle behaviors would help in the design of effective prevention
      programs based on multiple risk factor interventions.

PMID- 3870922
TI  - The behavioral risk factor surveys: I. State-specific prevalence estimates of
      behavioral risk factors.
AB  - The prevalence of most behavioral risk factors varies substantially among states.
      The prevalence of current cigarette smoking ranges from 22 percent to 38 percent.
      Estimates of alcohol use show geographic clustering, with lower rates in the
      southeastern states. The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle, uncontrolled
      hypertension, overweight, and seatbelt use differs markedly among states. These
      findings represent an initial step toward the analysis of state-specific baseline
      risk-factor data for use in developing state programs aimed at reducing the
      leading causes of death in the United States.

PMID- 3870925
TI  - Cancer rates by county: how well does mortality relate to incidence?
AB  - The extent to which excess cancer mortality in a county is indicative of excess
      cancer incidence in the same county in the same time period was studied in white
      Iowa residents using routinely available 1973-1977 data. Evaluation consisted of
      population-weighted correlation analysis. The best correlations were obtained for
      cancers of the lung, pancreas, liver, stomach, brain (males), and kidney (males).
      These are the cancers for which excess mortality best indicates excess incidence.
      Correlations were low for prostate, female breast, and corpus uteri. The best
      indications of excess incidence are made for cancers with five year relative
      survival rates of 37.0 percent or less for males and 33.4 percent or less for
      females. Studies relating cancer mortality rates to occupational, environmental,
      or other demographic variables may be very misleading as to risk factors if the
      cancers selected have low correlations of incidence with mortality. Further
      development of the correlation model is recommended using data from all
      Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program counties for a ten-year
      period.

PMID- 3870924
TI  - Fatal injuries and alcohol.
AB  - We reviewed fatal injuries in Fulton County, Georgia, in collaboration with the
      medical examiner's office. This county encompasses most of the city of Atlanta
      and has a population of approximately 600,000 persons. Information collected for
      1981 and 1982 was analyzed; and the results of blood alcohol content (BAC)
      testing and toxic screens were reviewed for all victims of homicide, suicide, and
      unintentional fatal injuries who died within six hours of being injured. Seventy
      one percent of 271 homicide victims had been drinking, and 51 percent had BACs
      greater than or equal to 0.1 mg/dL. Of 153 suicide victims, 37 percent had been
      drinking and 20 percent had BACs greater than or equal to 0.1 mg/dL. Of 54
      drivers who died in single-vehicle collisions, 78 percent had been drinking; 54
      percent of 162 victims of nonvehicular unintentional fatal injuries had positive
      blood alcohol levels. There was little evidence of the use of psychotropic drugs
      among victims of fatal injury. Most of the victims of homicide and unintentional
      fatal injuries who had positive toxic screens also had a positive blood alcohol
      tests.

PMID- 3870926
TI  - Respiratory disease and suicide among U.S. coal miners: is there a relationship?
AB  - A case-control study was performed to test whether or not respiratory disease in
      coal miners presented a risk for suicide. While coal miners in general do not
      experience elevated rates of suicide, coal miners with respiratory disease have
      been found to have high rates of psychiatric disability, especially depressive
      reactions. Further, depression has been related to suicide. To test the
      hypothesis, 50 suicide deaths from four National Institute for Occupational
      Safety and Health cohorts of coal miners were matched by age at death to two
      series of controls, a noncancer, nonaccident control series, and a cancer control
      series. Using odds ratios (tested by chi-square) the risks of obstructive lung
      disease and coal workers pneumoconiosis were evaluated together with the risks of
      years of underground mining, cigarette smoking at the time of cohort creation,
      and ever having smoked cigarettes. Neither respiratory disease was found to pose
      a statistically elevated risk of suicide in this sample of U.S. white male coal
      miners.

PMID- 3870927
TI  - The behavioral risk factor surveys: II. Design, methods, and estimates from
      combined state data.
AB  - Behavioral risk factor (BRF) telephone surveys were conducted by 28 states and
      the District of Columbia from April 1981 through October 1983 to obtain baseline
      prevalence estimates for risk factors associated with the leading causes of death
      among adults. A supplemental survey was conducted to cover the remaining states
      (except Hawaii) in order to provide individual states with national-level data
      for comparison purposes. The complex sampling designs and variable sampling rates
      among state surveys required the computation of sample weights before estimates
      on a national level could be made. Estimates from the combined individual surveys
      are similar to those obtained from more expensive in-person interviews. The BRF
      national prevalence estimate of chronic heavier drinking is 8.7 percent,
      equivalent to the 1979 National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA)
      estimate of 9 percent. The BRF estimate of 31.5 percent for current smokers
      compares closely with the 32.6 percent estimated by the 1980 Health Interview
      Survey. Despite recognized technical limitations, this type of telephone survey
      can be a practical and affordable source of information both for initially
      gathering prevalence data and for monitoring trends in the prevalence of
      behavioral risk factors of public health concern.

PMID- 3870928
TI  - Mitochondrial gene expression in Cucurbitaceae: conserved and variable features.
AB  - We have examined mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence conservation, transcriptional
      patterns of mitochondrial genes, and mitochondrial translation products in four
      species of the plant family Cucurbitaceae, in which there is a seven-fold range
      in mitochondrial genome size. A set of conserved mtDNA sequences which we term
      "core" DNA is present in all cucurbit genomes examined. In watermelon, only those
      mtDNA restriction fragments which contain "core" DNA hybridize with mtRNA.
      Similar numbers of polypeptides are synthesized by isolated mitochondria from all
      species examined, but an extra set of mtDNA sequences is transcribed in the
      largest genome (muskmelon). Taken together, these results suggest that some mtRNA
      is untranslated in muskmelon. Cloned mitochondrial genes of known function, from
      maize, identified mitochondrial transcripts that varied in both size and number
      among cucurbit species.

PMID- 3870929
TI  - Location and nucleotide sequence of the genes for tobacco chloroplast tRNAArg
      (ACG) and tRNALeu(UAG).
AB  - The location and nucleotide sequence of the genes and flanking regions for
      tRNAArg(ACG) and tRNALeu(UAG) on tobacco chloroplast DNA have been determined.
      The gene arrangement is 5S rRNA-260 bp-tRNAArg-581 bp-tRNAAsn-5.2 kbp-tRNALeu.
      The tRNAArg and tRNALeu genes are expressed in the chloroplasts. The opposite
      strand of the tRNAArg gene contains a tRNAArg-like sequence. The tRNAArg, tRNAAsn
      and tRNALeu coding regions are contained in open reading frames.

PMID- 3870930
TI  - The intergenic region between the Vicia faba chloroplast tRNA(CAALeu) and
      tRNA(UAALeu) genes contains a partial copy of the split tRNA(UAALeu) gene.
AB  - A cluster of three tRNA genes located on fragment Bam6a from Vicia faba
      chloroplast DNA has been sequenced: it contains the genes for tRNA(CAALeu),
      tRNA(UAALeu) and tRNA(Phe). The two tRNA(Leu) genes are separated by 443 bp and
      are transcribed divergently from different DNA strands. The intergenic region
      contains a series of short repeats and a partial copy of the split tRNA(UAALeu)
      gene which includes 100 bp of the 5' flanking region, 35 bp of the 5'exon and the
      first 42 bp of the intron. It is possible that some of these duplications
      occurred upon the rearrangement of the two tRNA(Leu) genes in broad bean (and in
      pea) or upon the deletion of one copy of the inverted repeat, since in all other
      higher plant chloroplast genomes studied so far these two tRNA(Leu) genes are
      located far apart on the genome, one being in the inverted repeat region, the
      other one in the large single copy region. The tRNA(Phe) and tRNA(UAALeu) are
      encoded by the same DNA strand, and separated by 110 bp.

PMID- 3870931
TI  - Organization and sequence of five tRNA genes and of an unidentified reading frame
      in the wheat chloroplast genome: evidence for gene rearrangements during the
      evolution of chloroplast genomes.
AB  - The genes for the initiator tRNA(Met)CAU, tRNA(Gly)UCC, tRNA(Thr)GGU,
      tRNA(Glu)UUC and tRNA(Tyr)GUA and an open reading frame of 62 codons have been
      identified by sequencing a 2,358 bp BamHI and a 1,378 bp BamHI-Sst2 DNA fragments
      from wheat chloroplasts. A comparison of the organization of these five tRNA
      genes and of the open reading frame on the wheat, tobacco and spinach chloroplast
      genomes suggests that at least three genomic inversions must have occurred during
      the evolution of the wheat chloroplast genome from a spinach-like ancestor
      genome. Furthermore, it seems that in wheat the 91 bp intergenic region between
      the genes for the initiator tRNA(Met) and the gene for tRNA(Gly)UCC is one end
      point of the 20 kbp genomic inversion proposed by Palmer and Thompson in the case
      of maize (Palmer and Thompson 1982). A 119 bp duplication is located at this
      junction: the first copy comprises the 91 bp of the intergenic region and the
      first 28 bp of the tRNA(Met) gene, the second copy is found downstream of the
      tRNA(Met) gene.

PMID- 3870932
TI  - Primary and secondary structure of 26S ribosomal RNA of Oenothera mitochondria.
AB  - The primary structure of 26S ribosomal RNA from mitochondria of the
      dicotyledoneous plant Oenothera berteriana is inferred from the sequence of a
      cloned rDNA restriction fragment. A tentative secondary structure model valid for
      Oenothera and for the major part of maize mitochondrial 26S rRNA has been
      constructed in analogy to the refined german model for E. coli L-rRNA (Maly and
      Brimacombe 1983). The derived structure generally matches the eubacterial model
      providing further support to the E. coli consensus structure. Some structural
      features however show eukaryotic characteristics. Possible interactions between L
      rRNA, 5S rRNA and initiator-tRNA are discussed.

PMID- 3870934
TI  - [Medical Society of French-Speaking Black Africa. 1985 meetings. Abstracts].

PMID- 3870933
TI  - Identification of an aspartate transfer RNA gene in maize mitochondrial DNA.
AB  - A gene for a transfer RNA (tRNA) specific for aspartic acid was identified in
      maize mitochondrial DNA. The nucleotide sequence and predicted secondary
      structure of this tRNA more closely resemble eubacterial and chloroplast
      aspartate tRNA genes than other mitochondrial aspartate tRNA genes. This gene is
      located on a 3,123 base pair EcoRI DNA fragment that also contains an elongator
      methionine tRNA gene. These two tRNA genes are separated by 726 nucleotides and
      are located on opposite strands of DNA.

PMID- 3870935
TI  - Relationship between tumor stem cell heterogeneity and responsiveness to
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3870936
TI  - Hospice: a supportive working environment for nurses.

PMID- 3870937
TI  - Helping children cope with death.

PMID- 3870938
TI  - Hospice U.K.--2000 AD.

PMID- 3870939
TI  - Increased central cornea thickness in localized scleroderma (morphoea).
AB  - The central cornea thickness (CCT) was measured in 17 patients with localized
      scleroderma (morphoea) by the Haag-Streit pachymeter. Results were compared with
      measurements in healthy persons matched with respect to sex and age. CCT was
      increased (p 0.01) in patients with morphoea (mean 0.535 mm, range 0.510-0.580,
      SD 0.0217) as compared to the controls (mean 0.511 mm, range 0.490-0.525, SD
      0.0094). In 9 (53%) of the patients CCT was more than mean + 2 SD in the
      controls. CCT was correlated to the duration of morphoea (correlation coefficient
      0.660, p 0.01). It is discussed that the increase in cornea thickness may be a
      sign of minimum cornea "swelling" with alterations of the glycosaminoglycans of
      the corneal stroma as a possible background. The study demonstrates that morphoea
      is not simply a local disease confined to the plaques of the skin.

PMID- 3870940
TI  - The Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl-syndrome.
AB  - This is a study of 3 cases of the Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome in two
      families. In one family the parents were consaguineous (first cousins). The
      authors studied the main symptoms and insist on the importance of the
      ophthalmological manifestation. No hypophyseal involvement was observed in these
      cases.

PMID- 3870941
TI  - Functional condition of the visual analyzer and oxygen metabolism kinetics in
      pregnant women with diabetes.
AB  - The paper presents the results of the study on the pregnancy effect on visual
      functions (vision acuity, visual field, condition of the eyeball ground), blood
      oxygenation as well as spatial summation (photometric harmony) in the visual
      field in 94 pregnant women with diabetes mellitus (as well as diabetic
      retinopathy). It was found that out of the total number of the patients 24
      (25.6%) had pathologic changes on the eyeball ground typical for the diabetic
      retinopathy and angiopathy. In the overwhelming majority of the investigated
      patients (74.4%) oxygen deficiency (oxyhemographic results(-hypoxemia was found.
      In the considerable number of pregnant women (90.1%) photometric disharmony in
      the visual field was found that could be a proof for the failure of the retinal
      nerve cells to summarize the light stimula. On the ground of the study results
      and the pregnancy termination data the authors made a conclusion about the
      necessity to organize a special ophthalmologic service for the vision protection
      in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus and DR to provide the prophylaxis of
      diabetic retinopathy.

PMID- 3870942
TI  - The malpractice crisis.

PMID- 3870943
TI  - Bilateral morning glory syndrome with midline brain lesion in an autistic child.
AB  - A ten-year-old autistic boy with high myopia and very poor vision presented a
      bilateral anomaly of the disc, diagnosed as morning glory syndrome. Further
      investigation showed an absence of the corpus callosum and probably herniation of
      an encephalocele into the third ventricle. The association of bilateral morning
      glory syndrome and very low visual acuity in both eyes with a midline brain
      lesion and autism has not been previously described.

PMID- 3870944
TI  - Retinitis pigmentosa and early onset myopathy: a case report.
AB  - Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and primary muscle disease are both relatively rare
      inherited disorders. We present a patient in whom both conditions coexisted. The
      possibility of a genetic association between RP and primary muscle disorder is
      discussed. It is our belief that this extremely rare association is merely
      coincidental.

PMID- 3870946
TI  - Pterygium, solar ultraviolet radiation and myopia.
AB  - A retrospective study of 93 patients who underwent pterygium excision revealed a
      low prevalence of myopia in comparison with normal population. These results
      support the theory that solar ultraviolet radiation is a contributory factor in
      the formation in pterygium and some protection against this radiation is afforded
      by continuously worn myopic correction.

PMID- 3870945
TI  - Macular deposits in galactokinase deficiency.
AB  - Deficiency of the enzyme, galactokinase, is a recognized cause of "juvenile" lens
      opacities; these opacities are felt to be its only clinical expression. The
      deficiency itself is inherited as an autosomal recessive and as such is expected
      to be clinically manifest in the homozygote. We have recently demonstrated
      cataracts and associated bilateral macular deposits in a white male who is
      heterozygous for the deficiency of the enzyme and whose dietary intake of milk
      and its products is extremely high. To our knowledge, intraretinal deposits have
      not previously been described in patients with galactokinase deficiency, and
      their clinical significance and biochemical makeup can only be speculative.
      Dietary restriction of galactose is recommended for all individuals proven to be
      deficient in this enzyme, whether homozygous or heterozygous.

PMID- 3870947
TI  - Retinal and central nervous system abnormalities: syndromes which resemble
      retrolental fibroplasia.
AB  - Recently, the mechanism of the development of severe retrolental fibroplasia has
      been shown to occur by gap junction formation between adjacent mesenchymal
      spindle cells in the nerve fiber layer. Multiple syndromes with oculo-cerebral
      malformations give rise to retinal dysplasia (disturbances of neuroectodermal
      migration and/or differentiation) or retinal vascular abnormalities (disturbances
      of mesenchymal differentiation) which resemble clinically retrolental
      fibroplasia. Case 1 is an example of retinal dysplasia (disturbed neuroectodermal
      migration and/or differentiation) with normal retinal vascularization simulating
      superficially an active peripheral retinal detachment of retrolental fibroplasia
      in the preterm infant. Case 2 is an example of normal retinal differentiation
      with abnormal retinal vascularization (disturbed mesenchymal differentiation)
      simulating identically cicatricial dragging of the retinal vessels temporally of
      retrolental fibroplasia in the preterm infant. Thus, cases of central nervous
      system malformation should prompt an early ophthalmologic examination to document
      retinal abnormalities in term infants which occur without the administration of
      oxygen congenitally, from true retrolental fibroplasia in preterm infants which
      occurs following changes in oxygen tension approximately 8 weeks postnatally.

PMID- 3870948
TI  - Copper and zinc levels after external damage by laser photocoagulation to the
      retinal pigment epithelium. Preliminary reports.
AB  - Several reports have appeared in the literature linking abnormalities in the
      Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) related with changes in the metabolism of copper
      and zinc. It has not been yet elucidated if the changes in the metabolism of
      these metals are secondary to a progressive disease that affects the RPE, or the
      changes found in this retinal layer are a manifestation of a basic metabolic
      disease. In the present study a group of 22 diabetic patients with different
      degree of retinopathy was evaluated. Eleven of these patients underwent laser
      treatment, and blood and urine copper and zinc were assessed prior to the
      treatment and at intervals of one day, one week and one month post treatment. All
      these patients were compared with a control group. We found a rise in the mean
      concentration of copper and zinc in serum, and zinc in the urine, in those
      patients who underwent more than 600 laser applications. The significance of
      these findings and their relationship to the RPE is discussed.

PMID- 3870949
TI  - A coding system for the office management of patients with keratoconus.
AB  - An objective and quantitative technique of coding keratoconus according to
      appropriate treatment plans is suggested. This system is a systematic approach to
      managing keratoconus with regard to predicting relative success with contact
      lenses, a well-accepted treatment modality for keratoconus. A discussion of
      results with various treatment plans and time study while employing this coding
      system is offered. A retrospective analysis of those pathological and anatomical
      (objective) findings in keratoconus important in fitting contact lenses is
      reviewed and incorporated in this new system. A discussion of various fitting
      options and materials available which may be effective in lessening the
      progression to advanced levels of this classification system is included.

PMID- 3870950
TI  - Identification of the pre-proliferative diabetic eye.
AB  - The rationale for early identification of the stage of diabetic retinopathy
      immediately preceding development of fibrovascular proliferation is that early
      diagnosis affords the opportunity to treat by photocoagulation or other methods
      at the appropriate stage of retinal disease. Aids to identification include:
      venous abnormalities, intraretinal microvascular abnormalities, "cotton-wool"
      spots and fluorescein angiographic evidence of capillary non-perfusion. Although
      no one of these fundus changes is specific for the pre-proliferative stage of
      diabetic retinopathy, the presence of more than one of these findings increases
      the risk of subsequent fibrovascular proliferation. The development of frank
      proliferation frequently occurs within two years of first appearance of the
      preproliferative stage.

PMID- 3870951
TI  - A metabolic aspect of transient bilateral external ophthalmoplegia.
AB  - A case of symmetric external Ophthalmoplegia following hyponatremia and its rapid
      correction is described. A possible Central midbrain Myelinolysis is proposed. A
      correlation with Central Pontine Myelinolysis is discussed.

PMID- 3870952
TI  - Inspection of the lens to determine the age of corticosteroid induced cataracts.
AB  - Since the lens grows layer upon layer one can estimate the age of a posterior
      subcapsular cataract by its thickness and distance from the posterior capsule. An
      artist's depiction of several examples are given. It is helpful for the
      ophthalmologist to draw in pencil the appearance of the PSC as seen with a +10D
      lens in the ophthalmoscope.

PMID- 3870953
TI  - Ocular congenital fibrosis syndrome.
AB  - The symptomatology of congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles, markedly
      restricted eye movements, blepharoptosis and chin elevation were found in 10
      individuals and three generations of one family. The mode of inheritance is
      compatible with a variable expressive dominant trait. Our experience with the
      surgical management of the condition using more aggressive procedures than
      currently employed is described.

PMID- 3870954
TI  - The use of orthoptics in dyslexia.

PMID- 3870956
TI  - Studies on ticks of veterinary importance in Nigeria. XII. Oviposition and
      eclosion in five species of ixodid ticks in contrasting habitats.
AB  - The preoviposition and oviposition periods, the eclosion periods and numbers of
      eggs laid by adult ticks of five species, namely Amblyomma variegatum, Boophilus
      decoloratus, B. geigyi, Hyalomma rufipes and H. truncatum, maintained in a
      natural habitat were compared with those maintained in semi-natural and
      artificial habitats. Within the natural habitats, "open" and "shady" sites were
      distinguished. Maximum oviposition occurred during the peak of the rains in
      engorged A. variegatum and B. decoloratus, and the numbers of eggs laid by those
      kept in the natural and semi-natural habitats were significantly lower in the dry
      season than in the rainy season. Maximum oviposition in engorged H. rufipes kept
      in the natural habitat occurred during the early rains while minimum oviposition
      took place during the peak of the rains. Oviposition in engorged H. truncatum was
      poor among those kept in the natural habitat during the peak and end of the
      rains. Engorged A. variegatum and B. decoloratus kept in shady sites of the
      natural habitat laid significantly more eggs than in all other habitats at all
      seasons, while for H. truncatum and H. rufipes, numbers of eggs laid in the open
      site were significantly higher than those laid in other habitats at all seasons.
      In all species investigated, success in oviposition was aided by moisture
      provided by light to moderate rainfall, while excessive moisture in terms of
      heavy rainfall adversely affected oviposition.

PMID- 3870955
TI  - Studies to evaluate the effectiveness of sex pheromone-impregnated formulations
      for control of populations of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say)
      (Acari: Ixodidae).
AB  - The sex pheromone, 2,6-dichlorophenol, was combined with a pesticide to control
      populations of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say). This
      pheromone persisted in the fur of treated dogs for at least 18 days. The mixture
      of pheromone and pesticide was much more effective in reducing mating among the
      surviving ticks than the treatments without pheromone. The pheromone-pesticide
      mixture also killed significantly more ticks than the treatment without
      pheromone. This increased effectiveness was due almost entirely to the
      significantly greater kill of male ticks. Combining the sex pheromone with
      pesticide treatments offers a means of suppressing tick populations by curtailing
      their mating and subsequent reproductive success. The potential applications of
      this technique and the benefits to be expected are discussed.

PMID- 3870957
TI  - Survey for potential soft tick (Acari: Argasidae) vectors of African swine fever
      on the island of Hispaniola.
AB  - A survey of the occurrence of Ornithodoros ticks in animal burrows was conducted
      in Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Vacuum sampling techniques were used. Four
      of 8 sample sites in Haiti and 10 of 70 sample sites in the Dominican Republic
      were positive for O. puertoricensis Fox. Positive sample sites in Haiti were
      usually near swine. Sites in the Dominican Republic were in drier regions of the
      country and were not directly associated with previous swine locations. The
      determination that O. puertoricensis, a potential vector and reservoir of African
      swine fever (ASF), is present in this region may pose a serious problem for
      eradication of ASF from the island of Hispaniola.

PMID- 3870958
TI  - Comparison of the effects of Altozar and DDT on females of Ixodes persulcatus
      Sch. during and after feeding.
AB  - Ixodes persulcatus females were treated with Altozar and DDT at one of six
      consecutive time-points during the period beginning with attachment and ending
      with the commencement of oviposition. The moment of tick attachment (point 1)
      appeared to be the most sensitive time for the action of Altozar; a delay of
      detachment of some of the engorged females was observed, as well as a decrease in
      their mean weight and the non-detachment of a considerable number of the females
      over a long period. Similar effects were observed when Altozar was applied on the
      first and third days after attachment (points 2 and 3), although in the first
      case they were less pronounced. Altozar treatments on the fifth day of feeding,
      shortly before oviposition, and especially immediately after detachment (points
      4, 5 and 6, respectively) mainly resulted in non-viability of the eggs. DDT was
      ineffective when it was applied at point 1. DDT treatments of ticks at points 3
      and 5 were highly effective; this was expressed by a reduction in weight of the
      engorged females and a suppression of their fecundity at point 3, and death of
      all the larvae at different times after hatching at point 5. Many larvae also
      perished when the ticks were treated with DDT at point 6. Ticks were quite
      tolerant to DDT action when they were treated at points 2 and 4. The action of
      both compounds ultimately resulted in the inhibition of tick reproduction, but
      the rate and method depended on the compound applied as well as on the time of
      treatment. Altozar effects after treatment at points 1-3 may be considered to be
      hormonal.

PMID- 3870959
TI  - Systemic activity of closantel for control of lone star ticks, Amblyomma
      americanum (L.), on cattle.
AB  - Cattle were treated once at 5 mg/kg orally or subcutaneously or daily at 0.1-5
      mg/kg orally or 0.1-1 mg/kg subcutaneously with closantel, N-[5-chloro-4-[(4
      chlorophenyl)cyanomethyl]-2-methylphenyl]-2-hydroxy-3, 5-diiodobenzamide, and
      numbers and weights of engorged females, weights of egg masses and hatch of eggs
      of lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum, were recorded. Effectiveness of
      treatments on reproduction was determined by comparing total estimated larvae
      (EL) (EL = wt. egg mass X est. % hatch X 20000) of ticks from treated cattle with
      that of ticks from untreated cattle. With certain treatments, we also determined
      the effect of manure of treated cattle on survival of larvae of the horn fly,
      Haematobia irritans, or effect on survival and of fecundity of adult horn flies
      or stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans, fed on blood from treated animals. The
      single oral treatment afforded essentially complete control of total EL only of
      ticks placed on the animal on the day of treatment, while the single subcutaneous
      treatment afforded greater than 92% control of total EL of ticks placed on animal
      on treatment day and for 6 weeks posttreatment. Daily treatments of 0.5 mg/kg or
      greater orally and 0.1 mg/kg or greater subcutaneously afforded essentially
      complete control of total EL of ticks throughout the treatment period (3-12
      weeks) and for 1-7 weeks after treatment was discontinued. An estimated
      concentration of greater than 9 micrograms/ml of blood was calculated by probit
      analysis to be necessary to provide greater than 90% control of total EL of lone
      star ticks; that same concentration also provided greater than 90% control of
      hatch of eggs laid by treated females. A higher concentration (40 micrograms/ml)
      was necessary to prevent engorging of the females. No treatments tested were
      effective against larvae of the horn fly or adult horn flies or stable flies.

PMID- 3870960
TI  - The developmental viability and sizes of sequentially oviposited eggs of
      Boophilus decoloratus and Boophilus geigyi.
AB  - The viability and sizes of eggs sequentially laid up to the 10th day of
      oviposition by engorged Boophilus decoloratus and Boophilus geigyi were studied.
      The average length and breadth of eggs laid on the 1st and 2nd days of
      oviposition were statistically greater than at subsequent ovipositions. The
      eclosion periods of eggs laid from 7th to 10th day of oviposition were shorter
      than those of eggs laid earlier by both Boophilus species. The percentage
      mortality of eggs of 9th and 10th day of oviposition was significantly higher
      than that of the earlier ovipositions. The numbers of larvae which engorged on
      rabbits after hatching from eggs of 7th-10th day ovipositions were significantly
      fewer than those which hatched from eggs of earlier ovipositions. It is concluded
      that eggs of early ovipositions of B. decoloratus and B. geigyi are more viable
      and survive longer than those of later ovipositions. It is also suggested that
      the shorter eclosion period of the eggs of later ovipositions is due to the
      process of embryogenesis which is gradual in the eggs of early ovipositions and
      faster in those of later ovipositions.

PMID- 3870961
TI  - Studies on the larval activity of the tick Ixodes ricinus L. in Co. Wicklow,
      Ireland.
AB  - The activity of larval I. ricinus was studied in the field and on experimental
      plots in an attempt to determine the origin and population dynamics of larvae at
      different times of the year. A comparison of sampling methods showed that the
      previously observed small size of the spring peak relative to the midsummer peak
      is not a sampling artifact and is a genuine measure of the prevalence of active
      larvae. It was established that spring-active larvae are derived from spring-fed
      adults which contribute comparatively few larvae to the midsummer peak. The small
      size of the spring peak is probably due to relatively poor activation and
      survival of available larvae at this time. A distinct emergence and activation of
      larvae, almost certainly derived from autumn-fed adults, was detected in July,
      which is before the diapause period. Such larvae would be capable of producing
      spring nymphs and this is probably a major means of transfer of ticks between
      spring and autumn populations.

PMID- 3870962
TI  - The life cycle of Rhipicephalus lunulatus Neumann, 1907 (Acarina:Ixodidae) under
      laboratory conditions, with notes on its ecology in Zimbabwe.
AB  - The durations of the developmental periods of Rhipicephalus lunulatus at 25
      degrees C and 87% RH were: preoviposition, 2-9 days; oviposition, 29-34 days;
      minimum incubation, 11-27 days; nymphal premoult period, 11-23 days; and adult
      premoult period, 19-30 days. The durations of the feeding periods on a rabbit
      were: 3-7 days for larvae and 4-11 days for nymphs. Adult feeding was completed
      on a rabbit and a sheep in 10-22 days in January and 14-64 days in September, and
      only fertilized females completed engorgement. The mean number of eggs laid by
      engorged females was 4732, with 95% being laid within the first 16 days. In the
      southeastern lowveld of Zimbabwe adult ticks were most abundant on cattle between
      November and December, and their preferred sites of attachment were the legs and
      tail. Other hosts of adult R. lunulatus were impala (Aepyceros melampus), warthog
      (Phacochoerus aethiopicus), kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) and eland
      (Taurotragus oryx).

PMID- 3870963
TI  - Statistical analysis of molecular genetic data.
AB  - Recent advances in molecular biology have made it possible for geneticists to
      collect data at the DNA sequence level, and so make observations on genes
      directly, instead of on characters affected by genes. This new nature of genetic
      data is posing new problems of statistical analyses, as is shown in this paper.
      After an explanation of the methodology of recombinant DNA studies, separate
      consideration is given to the statistical analyses of restriction-map and
      complete-sequence data. The initial observations from restriction-enzyme studies
      are of the number and sizes of the fragments produced by digesting a DNA region
      with the enzymes, and it is necessary to infer the location of the breakage
      points. Model-based analyses are then necessary to infer characteristics of the
      DNA sequence from the frequency of these break points. An important application
      of such restriction maps is the detection of human disease genes, with the most
      notable success to date being the chromosomal allocation of the gene for
      Huntington's chorea. Complete sequence data present conflicting problems of
      scale. The amount of information collected per individual is so large that
      analyses must always be done on a computer, but the number of individuals studied
      in a population is too low to allow the magnitudes of between- and within
      population variation to be assessed. Statistical problems also include the
      detection and testing of sequence patterns and the comparison of sequences. Any
      analyses are going to have to incorporate the observed high levels of association
      between adjacent sequence members. While national data bases now contain about
      three million sequence elements, very little is known about the error rate in the
      generation or recording of these sequences.

PMID- 3870964
TI  - On a model for the structure of circular mitochondrial genomes in higher plants.
AB  - The mitochondrial genome of some higher plants consists of a discrete set of
      circular molecules. The heterogeneity found in the number of circles and their
      size is puzzling. In some plants evidence exists that indicates that these
      circular DNA molecules undergo intermolecular and intramolecular recombination
      events. The result of these events is that two small circles can combine to give
      one large circle or one large circle can break up into two small circles. Here we
      pursue the idea that such recombination events are responsible for the
      variability in genome composition. Treating the recombination events as chemical
      reactions we derive the equilibrium size distribution of circles. In Brassica
      campestris there are two basic subunits, circles A and B, containing 135 and 83
      kilobases, respectively. By restriction-enzyme mapping one can determine in a
      multimeric circle, the number of interfaces between A- and B-derived DNA. Using a
      combinatorial argument we predict the frequency of such interfaces and compare
      our predictions with published data. A number of suggestions are made for
      additional experimental tests of the recombinational theory of genomic diversity.

PMID- 3870965
TI  - Stage-structure models of populations with distinct growth and development
      processes.
AB  - We extend the repertoire of stage-structure models which can be described in
      terms of delay-differential equations, by analysing models where the processes of
      growth and development within a stage are distinct. This permits the use of delay
      differential equation models in situations where both population numbers and
      total biomass are dynamically significant.

PMID- 3870966
TI  - Symposium on burns.

PMID- 3870967
TI  - Burns. Infection and immunology.
AB  - The burn wound is successively colonized by gram-positive then gram-negative
      flora. The reduction of mortality from sepsis in burns depends on our
      understanding of the chain of events leading to microbial invasion of the burn
      wound and the host response that follows. These are outlined in this article,
      together with the current attempts to improve this response in the host.

PMID- 3870968
TI  - Complications of the burn injury.
AB  - Complications secondary to thermal, chemical, or electrical injury are varied and
      involve organ systems other than the skin. They proceed, to some degree, in a
      chronologic sequence and can thus be anticipated.

PMID- 3870969
TI  - Epidemiology, classification, initial care, and administrative considerations for
      critically burned patients.
AB  - The care of major burn injuries is a critical care endeavor from the initial
      evaluation and admission until the patient is discharged from the burn intensive
      care unit. A thorough history and physical examination are essential and require
      expertise to classify each burn injury. The initial treatment of the burn must
      address stopping the burning process, insuring a patient airway, assessing
      inhalation injury, initiation of adequate fluid and electrolyte resuscitation,
      appropriate wound care, and institution of ancillary care, such as insertion of
      nasogastric tubes and urinary catheters, narcotic dosage, tetanus prophylaxis,
      laboratory studies, and environmental temperature control. Critical care units
      must be designed, equipped, and staffed to facilitate the safe and effective care
      of burned patients. A well trained and experienced multidisciplinary burn team
      under the direction of a surgeon who specializes in burns is essential to the
      ultimate outcome of the seriously burned patient. Effective communication among
      the burn team and with the burned patients requires formal protocols for general
      treatment as well as dynamic individualized care based on careful comprehensive
      observations and monitoring. The prognosis for these critically injured and ill
      patients depends on attention to every detail of their care, which can only be
      accomplished in a sophisticated critical care atmosphere with personnel skilled
      in intensive care techniques.

PMID- 3870971
TI  - Symposium on neurologic intensive care.

PMID- 3870972
TI  - An overview of the intracranial vault. Physiology and philosophy.
AB  - This overview of the intracranial vault from a physiologic and philosophic basis
      should set the stage for a critical analysis of the contents of this volume.
      There is much to be taught in this area but even more to be learned.

PMID- 3870970
TI  - Burn wound pathophysiology and care.
AB  - The pathophysiology of the burn injury and treatment factors that influence burn
      depth are explained. Details of burn wound care, including indications for early
      excision, topical antimicrobials, and the most recent advances in skin
      substitutes, are described. Burn wound sepsis, the most common and serious
      complication, is discussed in regard to diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 3870973
TI  - Symposium on cardiovascular crises in the critically ill.

PMID- 3870974
TI  - Shock: an overview of pathophysiology and general treatment goals.
AB  - The shock syndromes continue to pose major problems for ICU physicians. Effective
      management is based on an appreciation of ten basic concepts that have evolved
      from both research and practical experience over the last 20 years. Despite
      advances in understanding and treatment, mortality continues to be related to the
      condition underlying the shock process.

PMID- 3870975
TI  - The role of rigid endoscopy in foreign body management.
AB  - The high incidence of foreign body aspiration among children is a product of
      their natural curiosity, the lack of posterior dentition, and a startle response
      which permits entry of solids into the larynx. Proper diagnostic protocols and
      procedures for extraction are outlined. In most cases, endoscopy is indicated
      when a foreign body is present.

PMID- 3870976
TI  - Transmission and recombination of chloroplast genes in asexual crosses of
      Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. II. Comparisons with observations of sexual diploids.
AB  - Patterns of biparental chloroplast gene transmission in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
      diploids produced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) fusion were found to be similar to
      those seen in sexual diploids (VanWinkle-Swift and Birky 1978). Examination of
      the phenotypes of diploid clones showed that the PEG diploids produced a
      heterogeneous set of allelic frequencies. Neither the frequencies of parental nor
      recombinant phenotypes were normally distributed. In addition, frequencies of
      reciprocal recombinant phenotypes showed no significant correlation in the clones
      from individual PEG diploids. The frequencies of parental phenotypes, on the
      other hand, were significantly negatively correlated. Like the data from sexual
      diploids, this is evidence that recombinant frequencies from clones of PEG
      diploids are not directly related to frequencies of reciprocal recombination. The
      similarity of results obtained in sexual and PEG diploids supports the hypothesis
      that the mechanisms operating during biparental chloroplast gene inheritance in
      PEG diploids are identical to those in sexual diploids.

PMID- 3870977
TI  - Deletion mapping of the yeast Pol I promoter.
AB  - Deletions in the promoter region of the 37S pre-rRNA operon in yeast were
      constructed and analysed in vivo using an artificial ribosomal minigene present
      on an extrachromosomal yeast vector. Sequences required for correct transcription
      initiation were found to be located between positions -192 and +15 relative to
      the start; a 5'-deletion down to position -133 reduces the transcription yield of
      the minigene at least five-fold. To allow detection of transcription of the
      minigene in isolated nuclei of yeast transformed with a minigene-bearing plasmid
      we attempted to increase the minigene copy number. The transcription yield in
      vivo appeared not to be proportional to the copy number but was found to be
      greatly enhanced when two or three minigenes are present in tandem. alpha
      Amanitin sensitivity of transcription of these minigenes in isolated nuclei
      proved that RNA polymerase I is responsible for their transcription.

PMID- 3870978
TI  - On the nature and specificity of replicating instability in fission yeast.
AB  - A strain of fission yeast carrying replicating instability (RI) will segregate
      mitotically three types of cells: unstable (still RI-carrying) cells, stable
      identical mutants and stable non-mutants. RI in fission yeast has previously been
      considered as a specific type of premutational lesion capable of (1) being
      replicated as such and (2) reverting at an appreciable rate to the normal state
      as well as changing into a stable mutation. In the present work genetic analysis
      of a previously studied RI-carrying strain showed this strain to be a diploid,
      most probably heterozygous for a recessive mutation. It was possible to construct
      other unstable heterozygous strains segregating predetermined mutants but not to
      induce RI by UV-irradiation of haploid cells. Thus evidence is presented against
      the premutational nature of RI in fission yeast.

PMID- 3870980
TI  - A geometric calculation of square and circular size equivalents for rectangular
      radiation fields in radiotherapy.
AB  - In radiotherapy the volume of irradiated tissue is determined by the cross
      section of a beam of radiation that strikes the skin of a patient. The radiation
      dose delivered at a given depth is a function of this cross-section, known as the
      radiation field. The computing of that dose for rectangular fields can be
      simplified using a small number of data corresponding to square or circular
      fields. This procedure is called the equivalent field method. Two fields are said
      to be equivalent if they give equal doses of radiation at a given depth in
      tissue. In this work the equivalent circular and square fields are determined by
      the condition that the solid angle subtended by the field in the skin, as viewed
      from the exposed point, be the same.

PMID- 3870981
TI  - The history of a lethal X-linked mutant.
AB  - Much attention has recently been focused upon the role of linkage analysis in
      genetic counselling, and enthusiasm has led to some misleading claims. While
      linkage analysis will undoubtedly play an important role for traits where there
      are extensive pedigrees of cases, it can achieve nothing where each case is the
      sole appearance of a mutation. The situation for a lethal recessive X-linked
      trait lies, in probabilistic terms, close to this latter extreme, particularly in
      the current world of small families. In view of current practice and research, it
      seems important to have a precise quantitative assessment of the patterns of
      carriers and cases generated by such an X-linked lethal mutation, with particular
      reference to the problem of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In this paper a
      branching-process analysis is used to provide such an assessment. This approach
      has the advantage of requiring neither possibly unrealistic equilibrium
      assumptions nor assumptions about mutation rates. It also allows the effects of a
      variety of family size distributions to be analysed. It is found that an X-linked
      recessive lethal mutation produces few cases (if any), and will do so within a
      very few generations of its occurrence. Within the usual range of modern family
      size distributions the mean time to appearance is remarkably constant. The mean
      number of carriers at the time of the first case is small, as is the expected
      number of future cases. Except where the family size distribution has large
      variance, a high proportion of cases are the first in their family.

PMID- 3870979
TI  - ran1+ controls the transition from mitotic division to meiosis in fission yeast.
AB  - We have investigated the genetic and physiological control of meiosis in fission
      yeast. Nutritionally depleted h+/h- diploid cells become irreversibly commited to
      meiosis immediately prior to the initiation of premeiotic S phase. Premeiotic DNA
      synthesis requires matP+, matM+, mei2+ and mei3+ but not the mitotic cell cycle
      control gene, cdc2+. ran1+ is an essential gene, loss of which provokes sexual
      conjugation, premeiotic DNA synthesis, pseudo-meiosis and the sporulation of
      haploid cells. Our experiments suggest that sexual differentiation is achieved
      physiologically by the inhibition of ran1+ activity in a two-step process. In the
      first step, partial inhibition of ran1+ in starved haploid cells, leads to cell
      cycle arrest in G1 followed by sexual conjugation. In the second step, a pathway
      requiring the matP+, matM+ and mei3+ genes of the newly-formed zygote, further
      inhibits ran1+ and thereby commits the cell to meiosis. mei2+ is required for
      meiotic commitment after full inhibition of ran1+. ran1+ is normally essential
      for vegetative cell reproduction but is inessential in cells which have
      abnormally high levels of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. We propose that the
      ran1+ gene encodes a highly controlled protein kinase which shares key substrates
      with cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

PMID- 3870982
TI  - Evolution in a metapopulation with space-limited subpopulations.
AB  - A model for the dynamics of a metapopulation with space-limited subpopulations
      (Roughgarden & Iwasa, 1985) is extended to include genetic variation for life
      history traits. The traits include those expressed by the sessile adults in the
      space-limited subpopulations and traits expressed by the dispersing larvae.
      Conditions for increase of a new allele at a single locus are derived using two
      formulations, one that omits, and one that includes, age-structure among the
      sessile adults. From both formulations a criterion indicating the general
      direction of evolutionary change is derived: a new allele enters the population
      if it increases the average productivity of larvae from the subpopulations
      relative to the larval mortality rate, where the average is computed by weighting
      the productivity from each subpopulation by the amount of unoccupied space in it.
      This criterion may offer a start towards a theory for the evolution of life
      histories appropriate to the population structure of sessile marine invertebrates
      with pelagic larvae. In particular, the basal area of a sessile adult in a
      population with space-limited recruitment is a selectively neutral character.

PMID- 3870983
TI  - Optimal control applications in the chemotherapy of multiple myeloma.
AB  - There is an increasing interest in the use of therapeutic devices which deliver
      chemotherapeutic agents in a continuous manner. In this paper the Gompertz model
      of cancer growth with a loss term depending on a cancer chemotherapeutic agent is
      applied to human multiple myeloma. Three different performance criteria are
      introduced which measure the influence of the anti-cancer drug in driving the
      tumor population level to a desired target level. Engineering optimal control
      theory is used to produce expressions for the continuous-time optimal control. A
      comparison is made between the natures of the controller for the three problems
      considered. Parameter values used in the models are based on patient data.
      Results of the present study may be useful in the construction of algorithms for
      use with drug delivery devices that incorporate a microprocessor. Use of such
      devices may be useful in improving the treatment schedules and treatment outcome
      of cancer patients.

PMID- 3870984
TI  - A transient two-dimensional model of thermoregulation in a human subject.
AB  - This paper describes a mathematical model of thermoregulation in a nude human
      subject. Heat flow within and from the body is expressed as a system of partial
      differential equations. The nonlinearity of the system reflects the dependence of
      physiological factors such as blood flow, sweating, and shivering upon tissue
      temperature. The model incorporates the effect of longitudinal heat flow in the
      torso. The resultant time-dependent nonlinear system in two dimensions is solved
      using high-accuracy finite-difference techniques and the simulation is validated
      against laboratory data and tested in two numerical experiments.

PMID- 3870985
TI  - An approach to estimating population densities of great whales from sighting
      surveys.
AB  - Estimates of population densities for great whales have been obtained from
      sighting surveys using line transect sampling and subsequent analysis based on
      the perpendicular distances of sightings from the trackline. This paper considers
      the use of a sighting process model to allow distances to sightings parallel to
      the trackline to be incorporated, in the hope of relaxing certain assumptions
      required by the usual line transect analysis. A number of theoretical and
      methodological problems with this approach and he conventional analysis are
      noted. An alternative sampling procedure is suggested which avoids many of these
      problems.

PMID- 3870986
TI  - Can nonlinear dynamics elucidate mechanisms in ecology and epidemiology?
AB  - Using recently developed methods in nonlinear dynamics, two hypotheses often
      advanced to account for recurrent outbreaks of childhood diseases such as measles
      are investigated. The first, maintenance of otherwise damped oscillations by
      noise, appears incapable of reproducing essential features of the data. The
      second, cycles and chaos sustained by seasonal variation in contact rates gives
      qualitative and quantitative agreement between model and observation. It is
      concluded that nonlinear dynamics offers a methodology which may allow students
      of ecology and epidemiology to distinguish between competing mechanistic
      hypotheses.

PMID- 3870987
TI  - Nonlinear stochastic compartmental models.
AB  - Compartmental models have been widely applied to biological systems where
      material is transferred between compartments. The simple assumption of linear
      transfer functions results in a mathematically tractable system, but can
      underestimate the variation. Processes with some particular forms of nonlinear
      transfer functions are analysed, and numerical results suggest that concave
      transfer functions increase variability, whereas convex transfer functions
      decrease variability.

PMID- 3870988
TI  - [Interstitial pneumopathy in immunosuppressed patients. Demonstration in 3
      pediatric cases].

PMID- 3870989
TI  - Emory president blames closing on inability to compete.

PMID- 3870990
TI  - [Clinico-epidemiologic characteristics and the possibility of early etiologic
      diagnosis of nonbacterial pneumonia in children, adolescents and soldiers].

PMID- 3870991
TI  - [The role of rotaviruses in the etiology of acute diarrheal disease in children
      and soldiers].

PMID- 3870992
TI  - [Exploratory laparotomy for improved assessment of the extent of Hodgkin's
      disease].

PMID- 3870993
TI  - [Diagnosis and prognosis of subendocardial (nontransmural) myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3870994
TI  - [The role and relation of cognitive abilities and emotions in personality
      functioning in alcoholics].

PMID- 3870995
TI  - [Acoustical structure of the voice in hearing loss].

PMID- 3870996
TI  - [Comparative analysis of the value of prolonged endotracheal intubation and
      tracheotomy].

PMID- 3870997
TI  - [Ultrastructural morphology of nuclei in various human tumors].

PMID- 3870998
TI  - [Short-term group therapy in the treatment of soldiers with neurotic reactions].

PMID- 3870999
TI  - [Treatment of general toxic lesions caused by sulfur and nitrogen mustard in
      rats].

PMID- 3871000
TI  - [The importance of selective coronary radiography in the diagnosis of patients
      with aortic defects].

PMID- 3871001
TI  - [Comparison of electrocardiography, coronary radiography and ventriculography
      findings in patients with myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3871003
TI  - [The importance of thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of pleuro-pulmonary diseases].

PMID- 3871002
TI  - [Pallidometric determination of ethanol and methanol in sanitation chemistry and
      pharmaceutical chemistry analysis].

PMID- 3871004
TI  - Nearly identical allelic distributions of xanthine dehydrogenase in two
      populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura.
AB  - In a previous study, Keith (1983) showed by sequential gel electrophoresis of the
      esterase-5 protein in Drosophila pseudoobscura that a highly polymorphic locus
      with many alleles can have very similar frequency distributions in populations
      separated by 500 km. The present work studies another highly polymorphic locus,
      xanthine dehydrogenase, in the same California population samples, using the same
      technique to distinguish allelic classes. Twelve electromorphs were found in one
      population and 15 in the other. Both populations shared a single very frequent
      (approximately 60%) allele, as well as five other alleles in low but similar
      frequencies. In addition, each population had an array of unique alleles present
      only once in one population sample but absent in the other. A statistical test
      against the stationary distribution for neutral alleles shows that, if the
      populations are at equilibrium, then purifying selection is operating on xanthine
      dehydrogenase. The extremely close similarity in frequency distributions of the
      alleles between populations for both the xanthine dehydrogenase and esterase-5
      loci, despite differences in allele frequency distribution between loci, strongly
      emphasizes the importance of migration in influencing genic diversity in these
      populations.

PMID- 3871005
TI  - Hepatic fibrosis and its surgical outcome in extrahepatic cholestasis.

PMID- 3871006
TI  - [The correlation between the size of regional lymph nodes and metastases in
      gastric cancer].

PMID- 3871007
TI  - Fine structures of the thyroid gland in the aged central myelin deficient jimpy
      mouse.

PMID- 3871008
TI  - Circulating sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and testosterone levels in
      patients with anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 3871009
TI  - [Eustachian tube function in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

PMID- 3871010
TI  - [Left ventricular function in muscle diseases].

PMID- 3871011
TI  - Study of the correlation between the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic
      area and copulatory activity in male rats.

PMID- 3871012
TI  - The effect of NaCl on leukotriene production in human polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes.

PMID- 3871013
TI  - Arthroscopy of the shoulder.

PMID- 3871014
TI  - [Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis in sputa of asthmatics].

PMID- 3871015
TI  - [Leiomyoma of the rectum--a case report].

PMID- 3871016
TI  - [Double inlet left ventricle--a case report].

PMID- 3871017
TI  - The choledochocele: a case report and the finding of its mucosa under
      choledochofiberscope.

PMID- 3871018
TI  - [Determination of mercury concentration in urine of workers in chlor-alkali plant
      by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry].

PMID- 3871019
TI  - Ultrastructure and electron microanalysis at the core of human gallstone. I:
      Cholesterol stones.

PMID- 3871020
TI  - Studies on the constituents of Formosan rhamnus species. Part III. The
      constituents of Rhamnus formosana.

PMID- 3871021
TI  - Traumatic intracranial hemorrhage with delayed onset of cerebral artery
      occlusion.

PMID- 3871022
TI  - [Influence of sample storage on clinical chemistry tests].

PMID- 3871023
TI  - [A double-blind study on the effect of anshernbau in the treatment of insomnia].

PMID- 3871024
TI  - Ultrastructure and electron microanalysis at the core of human gallstones. II:
      Calcium bilirubinate stones.

PMID- 3871025
TI  - [Personal problems and minor mental disorders: a pilot study].

PMID- 3871027
TI  - [Changes in hypertension-related mortality in Taiwan area, 1971-1980].

PMID- 3871026
TI  - Studies on the accessory sex organs of the yellow-bellied country rat. I.
      Seasonal changes of the epithelial structure of seminal vesicles: light and
      electron microscopic observations.

PMID- 3871028
TI  - [Recent status on pinworm infections of primary school children in southern and
      eastern Taiwan].

PMID- 3871029
TI  - [Studies on Limulus test: preparation of Limulus test reagent from Taiwan
      horseshoe crab].

PMID- 3871030
TI  - [The application of gas chromatography on the identification of anaerobes].

PMID- 3871031
TI  - [Study of serum ionized calcium and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in
      patients with renal disorders].

PMID- 3871032
TI  - [Parasitic infections and vitamin B2 nutritional status among school children].

PMID- 3871033
TI  - Effects of airborne fluorides on workers at a cryolite production plant.

PMID- 3871034
TI  - Percutaneous absorption of indomethacin from ointment following repeated
      administration in rabbits.

PMID- 3871035
TI  - [Epidemiological aspects of hepatitis B viral infection in preschool children and
      their parents in a community of southern Taiwan].

PMID- 3871036
TI  - [A pilot study on hypertension control in the community].

PMID- 3871037
TI  - [Drug resistance in Salmonella isolates].

PMID- 3871038
TI  - Reconstruction of a large scalp and skull defect with a free parascapular flap
      and wire mesh-methyl methacrylate.

PMID- 3871039
TI  - Direct cholangiographic features and therapeutic methods of biliary ascariasis.

PMID- 3871040
TI  - [Experimental myopathy induced by intramuscular injection of neurotropic drugs].

PMID- 3871041
TI  - [Limulus test: rapid spectrophotometric determination of endotoxin].

PMID- 3871042
TI  - KMCP: a kinetics-management computer package in clinical pharmacology
      application.

PMID- 3871043
TI  - [Study of the relationships between myopathy induced muscular fibrotic change and
      their clinical significance].

PMID- 3871044
TI  - [Determination of lead, cadmium and copper in urine by inductively coupled plasma
      atomic emission spectrometry].

PMID- 3871045
TI  - [Ten years cumulative survival rate of maintenance hemodialysis patients].

PMID- 3871046
TI  - [Choledochoscopic electrohydraulic shock wave for treatment of residual
      intrahepatic stones].

PMID- 3871047
TI  - Morphometric studies on the testes in the yellow-bellied country-rat (Rattus
      losea Swinhoe) with particular reference to the seasonal changes.

PMID- 3871048
TI  - The complications following ventriculoperitoneal shunt in hydrocephalus patients-
      clinical analysis.

PMID- 3871049
TI  - [Medical education in the Republic of China 1984-1985].

PMID- 3871050
TI  - [Determination of gold concentration in serum by atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry and UV-visible spectrophotometry].

PMID- 3871051
TI  - Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies of monoaminergic nerve endings in the
      pineal gland of the yellow-bellied country-rat (Rattus losea Swinhoe).

PMID- 3871052
TI  - [A survey on the prevalence of reading disabled children in southern Taiwan].

PMID- 3871054
TI  - [Studies on the microencapsulation of indomethacin by a phase separation
      technique].

PMID- 3871053
TI  - [Iron, mercury, chromium, zinc and cobalt contents in head hair of school
      children studied by instrumental neutron activation analysis].

PMID- 3871055
TI  - The CSAPS (Computerized Simplified Acute Physiology Score) system used in the
      hospital.

PMID- 3871056
TI  - [Studies on the serum DNA polymerase in leukemic patients].

PMID- 3871057
TI  - [Recurrent tumors in the pineal region: report of two cases].

PMID- 3871058
TI  - The influence of uranium intoxication on experimental periodontal disease.

PMID- 3871059
TI  - Effect of different amounts of casein in the diet on the biosynthesis of rat bone
      and cartilage glycosaminoglycans.

PMID- 3871060
TI  - Dental condition in a preventive program for school children.

PMID- 3871062
TI  - Symposium on oral health status in the United States.

PMID- 3871061
TI  - Microbial morphotypes in adult periodontitis by transmission electron microscopy:
      a case report.

PMID- 3871063
TI  - The dental manpower issue and the future of dental education.

PMID- 3871064
TI  - Geriatric dentistry in the predoctoral curriculum.
AB  - A survey was conducted among U.S. dental schools to determine the status of
      geriatric dentistry in the curriculum. Since a comparable, independent study was
      done in 1979, there has been significant growth in formalized didactic courses
      and less reliance on incorporating geriatric content as lectures or other
      components of existing courses. The growth in specialized courses was accompanied
      by an increased tendency to supplement the clinical topics with others relating
      to social and behavioral aspects of treating geriatric patients.

PMID- 3871065
TI  - Formal instruction in dental professional ethics.
AB  - Programs in professional ethics are still in their infancy in American dental
      schools. Enough has been learned, however, to know that formal instruction in
      dental professional ethics is essential to such a program and that arguments
      against this approach cannot withstand careful examination. We have developed a
      set of aims and a sense of the kinds of subject matter that will enable us to
      achieve these aims. We are beginning to identify the kinds of individuals and
      teams needed to teach these courses. We have learned that these courses will not
      succeed unless they are taken seriously by the dental school community and
      actively supported by the faculty. What is needed for the teaching of dental
      professional ethics has become clear. It is time to proceed in earnest.

PMID- 3871066
TI  - Treatment planning instruction in North American dental schools, 1984-85.
AB  - A questionnaire developed to determine the structure and processes associated
      with dental treatment planning curricula was sent to the 70 American and Canadian
      dental schools in 1984. Information was solicited on administrative organization
      of treatment planning, faculty and their qualifications, time committed to and
      placement of treatment planning in the curriculum, teaching methods, evaluation
      procedures, clock hours for preclinical and clinical instruction, scope of
      clinical treatment plans, subject matter in the curriculum, textbook utilization,
      graduation requirements, and the inclusion of treatment planning examinations by
      the regional licensing board. Sixty-two schools responded, a response rate of 88
      percent. The administrative and curricular structure of treatment planning
      depended primarily on the clinical and departmental organization of the school.
      The majority of respondents had an average of four full-time faculty members,
      usually affiliated with a department of oral diagnosis, responsible for teaching
      treatment planning. Eighty-one percent of the respondents offer preclinical
      treatment planning information and 85 percent develop clinical treatment plans,
      varying from identification of general treatment areas to comprehensive,
      sequential treatment plans with appropriate alternatives. The findings indicated
      that there is no definite distinction between oral diagnosis and treatment
      planning in many schools. Currently, there are no curricular guidelines focused
      exclusively on the principles of dental treatment planning.

PMID- 3871067
TI  - Cooperative postdoctoral trainee recruitment and selection in general dentistry.

PMID- 3871068
TI  - Articulators used in North American dental schools.

PMID- 3871069
TI  - An optical scan card system for operative dentistry.

PMID- 3871070
TI  - Behavioral self-management of oral hygiene activities for student dentists.

PMID- 3871071
TI  - The clinical learning experience: the evolution of the nursing work force.

PMID- 3871072
TI  - [Diagnosis of genetic disorders by DNA analysis].

PMID- 3871073
TI  - The statistical distribution of nucleic acid similarities.
AB  - All pairs of a large set of known vertebrate DNA sequences were searched by
      computer for most similar segments. Analysis of this data shows that the computed
      similarity scores are distributed proportionally to the logarithm of the product
      of the lengths of the sequences involved. This distribution is closely related to
      recent results of Erdos and others on the longest run of heads in coin tossing. A
      simple rule is derived for determination of statistical significance of the
      similarity scores and to assist in relating statistical and biological
      significance.

PMID- 3871074
TI  - Abnormally long roots of canines. A case report.

PMID- 3871075
TI  - Responding to industrial accidents requires development of disaster plan.

PMID- 3871076
TI  - Employee drug use creates losses but proper policies can control it.

PMID- 3871078
TI  - AIDS: a practicing physician's perspective.

PMID- 3871077
TI  - Medical preceptorship program: passing the torch.

PMID- 3871079
TI  - Induction and modification of erythropoiesis in a suspension culture system
      derived from long-term bone marrow culture of Syrian hamster.
AB  - Cells in a subculture system derived from long-term hamster bone marrow culture
      were induced to differentiate into hemoglobin-producing cells in response to
      added erythropoietin. Treatment of the subculture with dimethyl sulfoxide or
      other 'Friend inducers' but not 5-azacytidine effected no remarkable induction,
      though they enhanced the effect of externally added erythropoietin. 3
      Aminobenzamide, a weak inducer of Friend cell differentiation [Morioka, K., K.
      Tanaka, M. Ishizawa and T. Ono: Dev. Growth Differ. 24, 507-512 (1982)], had a
      strong inhibitory effect on erythropoiesis in the subculture system. Phorbol
      esters and glucocorticoids (both are known to be strong inhibitors of Friend cell
      differentiation) acted as strong inhibitors of the differentiation in our system
      as well. The present system was shown to provide a useful in vitro model to
      compare the differentiation of normal erythroid progenitors with the previously
      established systems of neoplastic cells.

PMID- 3871080
TI  - Individual differences in McCollough effects: a study of twins.

PMID- 3871081
TI  - Selected endocrine problems related to end stage renal disease.

PMID- 3871082
TI  - Low-level exercise testing after myocardial infarction: usefulness in enhancing
      clinical risk stratification.
AB  - Of 866 patients enrolled in our multicenter study, 667 performed a low-level
      exercise test early after myocardial infarction, most before discharge. Excluding
      seven patients who died before the test could be considered, there was a 14% 1
      year cardiac mortality in 192 patients who did not take the test (150 for medical
      and 42 for logistic reasons) compared with 5% in those who did (p less than
      .0001). Of those who took the test, 12% subsequently underwent bypass grafts
      surgery compared with 14% of those who did not (p greater than .05). Decreased
      mortality in the year after the infarction in those taking the test was
      associated with an increase in blood pressure to 110 mm Hg or higher (3% vs 18%;
      p less than .001), ability to complete the 9 min test (3% vs 8%; p less than
      .01), and the absence of couplets (4% vs 13%; p less than .05) or any ventricular
      ectopic depolarizations (4% vs 7%, p less than .05) before, during, or after
      exercise. Achievement of a blood pressure of 110 mm Hg or higher during exercise
      in patients with no evidence of pulmonary congestion on the chest x-ray
      identified a group of 454 patients (70% of those taking the test) with a 1 year
      cardiac mortality of 1% compared with 13% in the remaining patients (p less than
      .0001). Logistic models showed that the exercise test contributed independent
      prognostic information for cardiac death, new infarction, and bypass surgery.
      Results of low-level exercise testing before hospital discharge combined with
      clinical features of the infarction can effectively identify patients at low risk
      for subsequent cardiac mortality.

PMID- 3871083
TI  - The epidemiology of asthma.
AB  - Significant strides have been made in recent years in the epidemiologic study of
      obstructive lung diseases including asthma. Community population samples are
      being evaluated prospectively and followed up longitudinally to document the
      appearance of morbidity and clinical diagnoses. Also, a variety of environmental,
      physiologic, and immunologic variables are being collected on a serial basis to
      correlate changes with the appearance (or disappearance) of recognizable disease.
      Unfortunately, until the semantics and diagnostic labeling of airway
      abnormalities becomes more precise, especially in the older population, the
      incidence and prevalence of disease will lack the precision it should have.

PMID- 3871084
TI  - Nuclear androgen receptors in different stages of the seminiferous epithelial
      cycle and the interstitial tissue of rat testis.
AB  - Testicular androgen receptors were measured with a recently developed exchange
      assay using [3H]methyltrienolone from samples of interstitial tissue, whole
      seminiferous tubules, and segments of tubules in different stages of the cycle of
      the seminiferous epithelium. The hexylene glycol method was used to isolate
      nuclei and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate for extraction of the androgen receptors. This
      method proved superior to other techniques employed by our own and other
      laboratories. As a consequence, higher levels of androgen receptors were detected
      in seminiferous tubules than previously reported. Androgen receptors in
      seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue had high affinity for
      methyltrienolone (Kd = approximately 3 nM) and steroid binding specificity
      similar to that of these receptors in other tissues. The concentration of nuclear
      androgen receptors in whole seminiferous tubules was 670 +/- 100 fmol/mg DNA
      (mean +/- SE), while that of the interstitial tissue was 1070 +/- 295 fmol/mg
      DNA. Tubules in stages IX-XII and XIII-I of the epithelial cycle contained
      significantly more nuclear androgen receptors (900 +/- 170 and 805 +/- 125
      fmol/mg DNA, respectively) than those in stages II-VI and VII-VIII (485 +/- 95
      and 485 +/- 65 fmol/mg DNA, respectively). These results suggest that there are
      local differences in androgen receptor concentration along the length of the
      seminiferous tubule. A high concentration of nuclear androgen receptors was also
      present in interstitial tissue. Androgen receptors were measurable in cytosol
      prepared from interstitial tissue, but such measurements were obscured in cytosol
      from tubules, because of a high capacity binding protein for the 3H-labeled
      ligand. We conclude that nuclear androgen receptors can be measured in various
      testicular compartments, including different stages of the seminiferous tubules,
      using an exchange assay that maximizes recovery. The concentration of nuclear
      androgen receptors in the tubules varies with the cycle of the seminiferous
      epithelium.

PMID- 3871085
TI  - Hormonal regulation of somatomedin secretion by fetal rat hepatocytes in primary
      culture.
AB  - To determine which hormones might regulate somatomedin secretion in the fetus, we
      measured somatomedin levels in conditioned medium from primary cultures of fetal
      rat hepatocytes. We employed a bioassay [( 3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA of
      chick embryo fibroblasts), a displacement assay [competition for binding of
      radiolabeled multiplication-stimulating activity (rat insulin-like growth factor
      II) to the somatomedin-binding protein] for total somatomedin, and the RIA for
      somatomedin-C. Epidermal growth factor and dexamethasone were the most active
      hormones tested; total somatomedin levels were 2-3 times above control levels.
      Rat GH was much less stimulatory. Human placental lactogen, glucagon, and insulin
      had little or no effect. Stimulation of somatomedin secretion by both epidermal
      growth factor and dexamethasone was time and dose dependent. The maximal response
      occurred at 48 h at a concentration of about 1 X 10(-7) M of either hormone. In
      the bioassay, stimulation by epidermal growth factor, but not dexamethasone, was
      detected. The steroid enhanced the secretion of an inhibitor that completely
      masked the mitogenic activity of the increased somatomedin levels. The
      somatomedin secreted by fetal hepatocytes exhibited immunological cross
      reactivity with human somatomedin-C, but the levels were 500-fold less than those
      measured by our displacement assay. This suggests that the predominant fetal rat
      somatomedin is not somatomedin-C. We conclude that epidermal growth factor and
      dexamethasone, but not GH or placental lactogen, stimulated the secretion by
      fetal hepatocytes of a somatomedin which resembled multiplication-stimulating
      activity.

PMID- 3871086
TI  - CRF and gastric secretion.

PMID- 3871087
TI  - Early vascular injury and increased vascular permeability in gastric mucosal
      injury caused by ethanol in the rat.
AB  - The hypothesis that vascular injury contributes to the development of hemorrhagic
      erosions after intragastric administration of ethanol has been examined in the
      rat using vascular tracers. Extravasation of intravenously injected Evans blue
      into the gastric wall and into gastric contents was used as an indicator of
      vascular permeability. India ink and monastral blue, which label damaged blood
      vessels, were used to demonstrate vascular injury morphologically. Intragastric
      instillation of 75% and 100% ethanol induced increased vascular permeability
      within 1-3 min and resulted in monastral blue labeling of vessels in 13% and 17%,
      respectively, of the glandular mucosa within 1 min. After 1 h of 100% ethanol
      exposure, the areal density of monastral blue-stained blood vessels did not
      increase compared with that seen at 1 min, but the areal density of grossly
      visible hemorrhagic lesions increased strikingly and approximated that of vessel
      staining. The hemorrhagic erosions consistently occurred in regions of glandular
      mucosa where vessels were stained with monastral blue. Pretreatment with
      prostaglandin F2 beta or cysteamine reduced ethanol-induced Evans blue
      extravasation and monastral blue staining of mucosal blood vessels but did not
      reduce histologic evidence of gastric surface cell damage in the glandular
      mucosa. As increased vascular permeability and morphologically detectable
      vascular lesions consistently preceded the development of grossly visible
      hemorrhagic erosions in the glandular mucosa, we suggest that vascular injury is
      an early pathogenetic factor in the development of ethanol-induced gastric
      hemorrhagic erosions. The data also indicate that the degree of vascular damage,
      unlike the injury to surface epithelial cells, is reduced by pretreatment with
      prostaglandin F2 beta or the sulfhydryl cysteamine.

PMID- 3871088
TI  - Morphology of rat gastric mucosal damage, defense, and restitution in the
      presence of luminal ethanol.
AB  - The morphology of ligated rat stomachs filled with absolute ethanol for 1, 7, 15,
      30, and 60 min was studied. With interrupted blood circulation, the entire mucosa
      was destroyed within minutes. With intact circulation, the mucosae remained
      macroscopically normal or developed visible lesions. Areas with lesions had
      extensive surface and gland cell disruption and were hemorrhagic and hyperemic.
      Histologically, nonlesion sites had about 92% of the mucous cells on the surface
      and upper gastric pits destroyed within 1 min. Detached necrotic cells and an
      accumulation of an exudate with fibrin fibers formed a thick layer over the
      damaged mucosal surface. Intact cells from the gastric pits started migrating
      over the denuded basal lamina and after 7 min about 4% of the surface was
      reepithelialized. Within the next 8 min there was a sharp increase in mucosal
      restitution to about 54%. After 30 min 84% of the mucosa was restituted and there
      was only a slight increase to about 87% after 1 h of continuous exposure to
      ethanol. After 30 min the ethanol was diluted to about 40% vol/vol. Focal
      geyserlike eruptions of plasma containing polymerized fibrin were visible at
      sites of epithelial discontinuity. Restitution of the mucosal surface in the
      presence of luminal ethanol may be facilitated by the favorable microenvironment
      created by the thick unstirred layer formed by the mucoid coat of necrotic cells,
      fibrin, and continued plasma shedding.

PMID- 3871089
TI  - Endogenous E-type prostaglandins in regulation of basal alkaline secretion by
      amphibian duodenum in vitro.
AB  - Segments of proximal duodenum from Rana catesbeiana, stripped of external muscle
      and mounted as a tube in a glass chamber, alkalinized the luminal-side bathing
      solution at a rate of 1.70 +/- 0.16 microEq/cm . h (n = 18, gross surface area
      approximately 1.5 cm2/cm). A single change of the serosal-side bathing solution
      for fresh solution reduced the rate of titratable alkaline secretion, which
      achieved a new steady state after 45 min amounting to 66% +/- 2% of the initial
      rate; transmucosal potential difference (lumen negative) fell from 10.6 +/- 1.2
      to 8.8 +/- 1.1 mV. Concentrations of E-type prostaglandins in the serosal-side
      solution measured by radioimmunoassay were 8.5 nM (3 ng/ml) before, 0.17 nM 5 min
      after, and 1.7 nM 90 min after the solution change (n = 8). Reapplication of the
      original bathing solution 90 min after the initial change reestablished original
      secretory rate and potential difference. The increases in alkaline secretion and
      potential difference were comparable in magnitude and profile to those induced by
      serosal administration of 10 nM prostaglandin E2. Addition of the metabolic
      inhibitor 2,4-dinitrophenol (100 microM, serosal side) reduced basal alkaline
      secretion to 30% +/- 7% of the initial rate and abolished the potential
      difference (n = 8). These data demonstrate that endogenous prostaglandin E
      production by an isolated preparation of amphibian duodenum accounts for a
      proportion of alkaline secretion that is equivalent to 50% of metabolism
      dependent basal secretion.

PMID- 3871090
TI  - Protective effect of sucralfate against alcohol-induced gastric mucosal injury in
      the rat. Macroscopic, histologic, ultrastructural, and functional time sequence
      analysis.
AB  - Histologic or ultrastructural evidence of the ability of sucralfate to protect
      the gastric mucosa against ethanol injury is lacking. Therefore we analyzed
      morphologic and functional changes in the mucosa of 120 rats receiving,
      intragastrically, 2 ml of either sucralfate 500 mg/kg body wt or a control
      solution and 1 h later 2 ml of 100% ethanol. At 15 min, 1, 4, 6, and 24 h after
      ethanol instillation, mucosal changes were assessed by macroscopic examination,
      quantitative histology, scanning electron microscopy, recordings of gastric
      potential difference, and measurements of volume, pH, and electrolytes in the
      gastric contents. Between 15 min and 24 h after ethanol instillation, macroscopic
      necrotic lesions in controls involved greater than 33% of mucosal area and in the
      sucralfate-treated group less than 4% (p less than 0.001 for each period). In
      controls, ethanol instillation produced surface epithelial cell disruption and
      deep (greater than 0.2 mm) mucosal necrosis involving greater than 55% +/- 3% of
      the mucosal length. In sucralfate-pretreated animals, disruption of the surface
      epithelium was present at 15 min, 1 h, and 4 h after ethanol instillation, but
      deep necrotic lesions were virtually absent (0%-2%; p less than 0.001 vs.
      controls) during the entire study period. The surface epithelium was mostly
      reestablished by 6 h after ethanol instillation in the sucralfate group but not
      in the controls. We concluded that sucralfate protects the gastric mucosa against
      ethanol-induced injury by preventing deep mucosal necrosis and as a consequence
      the mucosal proliferative zone cells rapidly restitute mucosal integrity.

PMID- 3871091
TI  - Influence of the HLA-DR4 antigen and iodine status on the development of
      autoimmune postpartum thyroiditis.
AB  - HLA-A, -B, and -DR antigens were determined in all 50 women with a serum thyroid
      microsomal hemagglutination antibody (MsAb) titer equal to or greater than 1:100
      in the first trimester of pregnancy in a population of 733 pregnant women. The
      DR4 antigen was found in 58.0% of the women compared to 33.7% in control
      subjects, which corresponds to a relative risk of 2.71 (P less than 0.01 by X2
      test). The MsAb-positive women were examined regularly during the year after
      delivery for the development of thyroid dysfunction. The DR4 antigen frequency
      was found to be even higher, 69.0% (relative risk = 4.36; P less than 0.001),
      among the 29 women who developed hypothyroidism in the postpartum period. No
      other HLA antigen deviations were found among those 15 hypothyroid women in whom
      an initial thyrotoxic phase occurred before hypothyroidism. The B8, DR3 haplotype
      was found in 3 of 5 women who developed Graves' thyrotoxicosis alone. Urinary
      iodine excretion measured in some MsAb-positive women 3 (n = 19) or 6 months (n =
      29) postpartum, respectively, was compatible with leakage of thyroid iodine
      during the initial destruction-induced thyrotoxic phase of postpartum
      thyroiditis, followed by low iodine excretion during the subsequent hypothyroid
      phase. We conclude that genes coding for the DR4 antigen may have a regulatory
      influence on MsAb production, which in turn affects the development of postpartum
      hypothyroidism. Thyroid iodine content and iodine intake also may have an impact
      on the severity of the thyrotoxic and the hypothyroid phases of autoimmune
      postpartum thyroiditis.

PMID- 3871092
TI  - Elevations in circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in three patients with lymphoma
      associated hypercalcemia.
AB  - Three patients with hypercalcemia associated with malignant lymphoma and
      elevations in plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] are described. In
      addition to the elevation of circulating 1,25-(OH)2D, these three patients were
      characterized by suppressed immunoreactive PTH levels and urinary cAMP excretion,
      elevated fasting urinary excretion of calcium, and absence of adenylate cyclase
      stimulating activity in the tumor extracts. Bone marrow biopsy and skeletal
      radionuclide scans were negative for lymphoma in two patients. Surgical excision
      of a solitary splenic lymphoma in one patient and medical therapy in another
      patient resulted in rapid normalization of the serum calcium and plasma 1,25
      (OH)2D levels. These findings confirm an earlier observation that elevated plasma
      levels of 1,25-(OH)2D may occur in certain patients with lymphoma and suggest
      that this vitamin D metabolite may act as a humoral or systemic mediator of
      hypercalcemia. Proof that this is the case and identification of the source of
      1,25-(OH)2D production will require further study.

PMID- 3871093
TI  - Failure to demonstrate cell-mediated immune responses to thyroid antigens in
      Graves' disease using in vitro assays of lymphokine-mediated migration
      inhibition.
AB  - The use of in vitro assays of cell-mediated immunity has provided evidence of a
      defect in thyroid antigen-specific T suppressor cells in the peripheral blood of
      patients with autoimmune diseases. We employed a direct assay of T lymphocyte
      migration inhibition in an attempt to demonstrate cell-mediated immune responses
      to thyroid antigens in untreated patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease and
      examined the influence of (1) a variety of antigen preparations, (2) different
      assay conditions, and (3) the HLA-DR3 status of normal subjects on this system.
      There was no significant difference in the migration of lymphocytes from 13
      untreated patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease to a crude 800 X g
      supernatant antigen preparation of normal human thyroid when incubated at either
      20 or 37 C compared with the response of 13 normal subjects. The mean migration
      index was 57 +/- 22 (+/- SD) in the Graves' patients compared with 65.2 +/- 19.9
      in the normal subjects at 20 C and 83 +/- 16.9 in the Graves' patients compared
      with 86.6 +/- 15.1 in the normal subjects at 37 C. Similarly, there was no
      significant difference in the migration indices obtained with T cells from
      Graves' patients and normal subjects using an 800 X g supernatant prepared from
      the thyroid glands of 2 patients with Graves' disease, incubated at 20 or 37 C
      (44.0 +/- 22.5 in the Graves' patients compared with 45.7 +/- 12.8 in the normal
      subjects at 20 C and 67.9 +/- 20.8 in the patients compared with 72 +/- 12.6 in
      the controls at 37 C). In contrast, the migration indices calculated for 20 C
      incubation were significantly lower than the corresponding value at 37 C using
      800 X g normal thyroid antigen (P less than 0.05) and 800 X g Graves' thyroid
      antigen (P less than 0.01) in both patient and control groups. An identically
      prepared uterine antigen produced a similar reduction in the migration indices at
      20 C compared with those at 37 C in 6 normal donors (P less than 0.05), but no
      temperature effect was found when 8 normal subjects were tested with purified
      protein derivative of tuberculin. The responses of 12 normal individuals to 800 X
      g supernatants of the normal and Graves' thyroid antigens were not influenced by
      the HLA-DR3 antigen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3871094
TI  - Late results of combined mitral valve replacement and coronary bypass surgery.
AB  - The incremental risk of coronary bypass surgery was analyzed in 718 patients
      undergoing mitral valve replacement between 1971 and 1983. Ninety-eight patients
      (14%) had significant coronary artery disease requiring coronary bypass surgery.
      In 70 of these patients, the origin of the mitral valve disease was nonischemic,
      whereas 28 patients had ischemic mitral regurgitation unsuitable for conservative
      valve surgery. There were six operative deaths (9%) and four perioperative
      myocardial infarctions (6%) after mitral valve replacement and coronary bypass
      surgery for nonischemic mitral valve disease. Operative mortality was related to
      low output cardiac failure before operation or perioperative myocardial
      infarction. Actuarial curves predict survival (+/- standard error) of 55 +/- 7%
      at 5 years and 43 +/- 8% at 10 years. Preoperative functional class was the only
      significant predictor of long-term survival in this group (p less than 0.05). The
      actuarial survival of the 620 patients without coronary artery disease who
      underwent mitral valve replacement alone was 63 +/- 3% at 10 years. This was
      significantly better than that of the 70 patients who underwent mitral valve
      replacement and coronary bypass surgery for nonischemic mitral valve disease (p
      less than 0.001). Conversely, 5 year survival of the 28 patients with ischemic
      mitral regurgitation was 43 +/- 10%. This confirms the negative detrimental
      effect of an ischemic origin of mitral valve disease on survival after mitral
      valve replacement and coronary bypass surgery (p less than 0.0001).

PMID- 3871095
TI  - Noninvasive testing in the evaluation of myocardial ischemia: agreement among
      tests.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations among four exercise
      induced phenomena--angina, ST segment depression, decrease in ejection fraction
      and thallium perfusion defects--and to determine their impact on aerobic
      capacity. One hundred fifty-six men (mean age 52 +/- 8 years) with documented
      coronary heart disease were studied with radionuclide ventriculography during
      supine bicycle exercise, thallium scintigraphy and treadmill testing with
      computerized electrocardiography and maximal oxygen uptake. Of 624 administered
      tests, 243 results (39%) were considered to indicate ischemia. The average number
      of abnormal tests was 1.6 per patient and, when considered as continuous
      variables, their results correlated poorly. Correlations did not improve when
      adjusting for heart rate achieved or by eliminating patients with coronary artery
      bypass surgery or myocardial infarction. Statistical methods of comparing degree
      of interest agreement yielded surprisingly weak relations among the four tests of
      ischemia. Treadmill performance was markedly impaired by angina, but much less
      impaired by other indicators of ischemia. It is concluded that the usual test
      responses implying ischemia have weak agreement when uniformly applied to
      patients with known coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3871096
TI  - Measurement of regional myocardial blood flow with N-13 ammonia and positron
      emission tomography in intact dogs.
AB  - N-13 ammonia mimics certain properties of microspheres. It rapidly clears from
      blood into myocardium where it becomes fixed in proportion to myocardial blood
      flow. Used with positron emission tomography as a means for quantifying in vivo
      myocardial indicator concentrations, N-13 ammonia may be useful for noninvasive
      determination of myocardial blood flow with the arterial reference sampling
      technique. This possibility was examined in 27 experiments in 10 chronically
      instrumented dogs at control, high and low blood flows. Myocardial blood flow was
      calculated in vivo from the myocardial N-13 tissue activity concentrations
      derived from serial cross-sectional images of the heart, the 2 minute arterial
      input function and the withdrawal rate of arterial blood. These calculations were
      compared with blood flow determined by the standard microsphere technique. Blood
      flow determined in vivo with N-13 ammonia and positron emission tomography
      correlated with microsphere blood flow by y = -36.2 + 1.53x -0.0027x2 (r = 0.94
      with a standard error of the estimate of 16 ml/min per 100 g). For flows from 44
      to 200 ml/min per 100 g, the relation between in vivo and in vitro measured
      myocardial blood flow was nearly linear but reached a plateau at flows higher
      than 200 ml/min per 100 g. These results indicate that in dogs, blood flow in the
      physiologic range can be quantified in vivo with N-13 ammonia and positron
      emission tomography.

PMID- 3871097
TI  - Analysis of the mode of antigen presentation required for triggering of T cell
      proliferation by using various azobenzenearsonate-tyrosine derivatives.
AB  - Various azobenzenearsonate-tyrosine (ABA-Tyr) derivatives were synthesized by
      modifying amino and carboxyl groups at the alpha-carbon of tyrosine, with
      preservation of most of the ABA-Tyr moiety (ABA plus hydroxyphenyl portion of
      tyrosine). These derivatives were tested for the ability to stimulate ABA-L-Tyr
      specific T cell lines derived from B10.BR and B10.S mice. ABA-acetyltyramine, ABA
      hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (ABA-PPr), and ABA-propylphenol, which lack either
      the carboxyl or amino group or both, could not induce T cell proliferation. The
      lack of stimulation by these derivatives was not due to their cytotoxic effects.
      A similar pattern of proliferation was obtained on stimulating lymph node T cells
      from B10.BR and B10.S mice primed with ABA-L-Tyr. Some differences were observed,
      however, between B10.BR and B10.S mice. ABA-L-Tyr-specific T cells from B10.BR
      mice could not respond well to ABA-D-Tyr in contrast to B10.S T cells.
      Furthermore, B10.BR mice primed with ABA-acetyltyramine or ABA-PPr in complete
      Freund's adjuvant could not induce ABA-L-Tyr-reactive T cells, whereas T cells
      from B10.S mice primed with these derivatives could proliferate in the presence
      of ABA-L-Tyr. The differences between B10.BR and B10.S mice were further
      investigated by using (B10.S X B10.BR)F1 mice. T cells from ABA-L-Tyr-immunized
      F1 mice responded poorly to ABA-D-Tyr when presented with B10.BR antigen
      presenting cells (APC), but responded well when presented with B10.S APC.
      Similarly, T cells from ABA-PPr-primed F1 mice did not proliferate to ABA-L-Tyr
      in the presence of B10.BR APC, but could proliferate in the presence of B10.S
      APC. Our results clearly indicate that the presence of charged groups at the
      alpha-carbon of tyrosine plays a critical role in the triggering of ABA-L-Tyr
      specific T cell proliferation. The significance of these results is discussed.

PMID- 3871098
TI  - Defective in vitro T cell colony formation in the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome.
AB  - Depressed T cell immunity is a universal characteristic of the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In the present study, 25 patients with AIDS and
      opportunistic infections, 22 individuals with AIDS-related complex (ARC, or
      chronic lymphadenopathy syndrome), and 20 healthy homosexuals were evaluated by
      means of the T cell colony assay. Forty-seven healthy heterosexual controls
      showed an average of 3964 +/- 319 colonies/7.5 X 10(5) cells, with a range of 880
      to 9340. The mean in the 20 healthy homosexuals (3173 +/- 483) did not differ
      significantly from the controls; in this group, only three patients had values
      less than 1000 colonies/plate. By contrast, all AIDS patients and 14 ARC patients
      had colony counts less than 1000. The mean value for the AIDS patients was only
      24 +/- 15 (p less than 0.0005 compared with either controls or healthy
      homosexuals); values in the ARC group were intermediate (1180 +/- 360). The
      addition of interleukin 2 to the plates promoted correction of the proliferative
      abnormality in ARC patients. This interleukin increased colony scores in the AIDS
      group, but the mean value was still significantly less than controls. Comparison
      indicated that the colony assay is a more sensitive indicator for detecting
      proliferative abnormalities than responses to PHA, Con A, or pokeweed mitogen in
      suspension cultures.

PMID- 3871099
TI  - In vivo administration of purified human interleukin 2. I. Half-life and
      immunologic effects of the Jurkat cell line-derived interleukin 2.
AB  - A total of 12 patients with cancer or the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome have
      been treated with Jurkat-derived purified human interleukin 2 (IL 2). The
      toxicity was dose-related and consisted primarily of fever, chills, malaise, and
      mild reversible hepatic dysfunction. No evidence of clinical efficacy was seen
      when IL 2 was administered at doses of up to 2000 micrograms by bolus or
      continuous infusion once a week for 4 wk. No significant chronic immunologic
      effects (changes in mitogen responsiveness of induction of cytotoxic cells) were
      demonstrated. IL 2 was measured in the serum of patients, and a half-life of
      approximately 5 to 7 min was demonstrated with a second component of clearance of
      30 to 120 min. Heating the serum at 56 degrees C for 30 min allowed for detection
      of smaller quantities of IL 2 by removing a serum inhibitor whose effect was seen
      at dilutions of up to 1/80 in our biologic assay. Sustained levels of IL 2 could
      be maintained by continuous infusion. Acute effects of IL 2 administration
      included a rapid decrease in peripheral mononuclear cells with a shift to cells
      of macrophage lineage and a rapid decrease in total T lymphocytes and T
      lymphocyte subsets. IL 2 responsiveness of peripheral mononuclear cells decreased
      within 15 min of IL 2 administration, with a concurrent decrease in the ability
      to generate lymphokine-activated killer cells. These changes did not recover
      until 48 hr after IL 2 administration. A rise in serum ACTH and cortisol levels
      was seen after the administration of 1 to 2 mg of IL 2. Future studies will
      evaluate the role of larger quantities of recombinant IL 2 given alone or in
      conjunction with in vitro-generated lymphokine-activated killer cells.

PMID- 3871100
TI  - Regulation of antibody responses by rheumatoid factor. I. Polyclonal activation
      of human B cells by rheumatoid factor-containing preparations from seropositive
      plasma.
AB  - Rheumatoid factor (RF)-containing IgM preparations isolated from the plasma of
      two seropositive patients were able to increase the number of Ig-secreting cells
      in normal human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. This polyclonal B cell
      activation was optimal in the presence of both T cells and monocytes. A
      relationship was established between the activator and RF in these preparations
      based on the ability of both to bind to insolubilized human IgG. The presence of
      the activator also coincided with the presence of large, RF-containing Ig
      complexes. These data suggest that RF contributes to the formation of B cell
      stimulating immune complexes--a phenomenon with possible negative consequences in
      disease states characterized by these complexes.

PMID- 3871101
TI  - Inhibition of human cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in vitro by autologous
      peripheral blood granulocytes.
AB  - Peripheral blood granulocytes from normal healthy donors were found to
      reproducibly inhibit the cytolytic effector function of specifically sensitized
      cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro when co-incubated with these effector cells and
      target cells in 8 hr 51Cr release assays. Inhibition required intact
      granulocytes, was proportional to the number of granulocytes present, and was
      independent of granulocyte adherence, phagocytic function, and viability.
      Equivalent numbers of enriched normal or leukemic peripheral T lymphocytes did
      not cause inhibition of 51Cr release, and preincubation of granulocytes with
      effectors did not significantly alter viability or cytotoxic function. Because
      granulocytes can inhibit natural killer cell function in vitro, these data
      indicate that granulocytes can regulate diverse antigen-specific and spontaneous
      cytotoxic functions in vitro, suggesting that circulating granulocytes may have
      the potential for in vivo regulation of these cytotoxic effectors.

PMID- 3871102
TI  - Functional distinctions between the LFA-1, LFA-2, and LFA-3 membrane proteins on
      human CTL are revealed with trypsin-pretreated target cells.
AB  - We asked whether we could distinguish the roles of the human lymphocyte membrane
      proteins LFA-1, LFA-2, and LFA-3 in the function of CTL-mediated killing. Little
      is known about the functions of these molecularly distinct proteins beyond the
      facts that i) binding of a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to any one of them is
      sufficient to inhibit killing, ii) that in each case inhibition involves
      prevention of CTL-target cell conjugate formation, and iii) that MAb to LFA-1 and
      LFA-2 inhibit best when bound to the CTL, whereas anti-LFA-3 inhibits only when
      bound to the target cell. This latter is despite the fact that (in our test
      system) LFA-1 and LFA-3 are expressed both on the CTL and on the target. When the
      target cells were pretreated with trypsin, the sensitivity of CTL-mediated
      killing was affected in a different way for each site. Inhibition of anti-LFA-1
      was increased by approximately 20-fold. Inhibition by anti-LFA-2 was unaffected.
      Inhibition by anti-LFA-3 was abolished. Trypsin did not remove the specific
      antigens recognized by the various CTL, HLA-A,B,C or HLA-DR. Nor did it remove
      LFA-1 from the target cell. It did, however, selectively remove LFA-3 from the
      target cell. These results indicate, for the first time, that LFA-1 and LFA-2
      have functionally distinct roles. They suggest that an unidentified trypsin
      sensitive target cell molecule, operationally designated the "trypsin-sensitive
      counter blocker" (TSCB), plays an important role in the function of LFA-1,
      possibly by providing a target cell binding site for LFA-1 on the CTL. The
      hypothesis that this TSCB is identical to LFA-3 (and the related possibility that
      LFA-1 and LFA-3 are mutual ligands) is not favored by our data, but is not
      excluded. Finally, the data indicate that the mechanisms by which MAb inhibit
      killing differ at the LFA-1 and LFA-3 sites. They are consistent with LFA-1
      providing adhesion strengthening by binding to another site (the TSCB?) and with
      LFA-3 delivering an inhibitory signal when provoked with MAb.

PMID- 3871103
TI  - Human alloreactive CTL clones: loss and reacquisition of specific cytolytic
      activity can be regulated by "recombinant" interleukin 2.
AB  - In this communication, we demonstrate that human alloreactive CTL at the clonal
      level, can undergo reversible processes vis-a-vis lytic function: from a highly
      lytic phase to a nonlytic quiescent phase and back to a lytic phase. "Reversion"
      and reacquisition of function can be controlled by removing or adding back a
      chromatographically purified product of a human interleukin 2 gene (rIL 2) that
      appears to serve, either directly or indirectly, as a lysis-inducing signal for
      these CTL.

PMID- 3871104
TI  - Reversal of phorbol ester-mediated reduction of cloned T lymphocyte cytolysis by
      interleukin 2.
AB  - During previous studies on the regulation of cloned T lymphocyte function, we
      observed that murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones progressively lose the
      ability to lyse appropriate target cells during prolonged (24 to 48 hr)
      incubation with the tumor promoter phorbol myristic acetate (PMA). We further
      observed that the cytolytic function of PMA-treated CTL clones can be restored by
      incubation with secondary MLC supernatant (2 degrees MLC SN), a potent source of
      cytokines. We now report our observations on the nature of the cytokine(s)
      responsible for recovery of CTL activity. Like 2 degrees MLC SN, the lectin
      induced SN from a cloned helper T cell and the lectin-induced SN from a T cell
      hybridoma can restore cytolytic activity to cloned CTL treated with PMA. In
      contrast, supernatants from L929 cells, WEHI-3 cells, and P388D1 cells fail to
      restore cytolytic activity to similarly treated cloned CTL. These data suggest
      that IL 2 and/or gamma-IFN, but not CSF-1, CSF-GM, IL 3, or IL 1, can influence
      expression of cytolysis by cloned CTL. Furthermore, highly purified IL 2 can
      restore cytolytic activity, even when cytosine arabinoside is present to inhibit
      clonal expansion. Our studies indicate that cytolysis is a reversible function of
      cloned CTL, and that cytolysis may not necessarily represent an end-stage feature
      of CTL maturation. Our studies further show that IL 2 is both necessary and
      sufficient for resumption of cytolytic function by "deactivated" CTL. As such,
      these observations suggest that IL 2 can regulate not only T cell proliferation
      but also the expression of cytolysis by some cytolytic T cell populations.

PMID- 3871105
TI  - Reconstitution of nude mouse T cell function in vivo: IL 2-independent effect of
      human T cells.
AB  - The i.p. injection of 1 to 5 X 10(6) heavily irradiated human T lymphocytes
      resulted in the lasting reconstitution of T cell functions in young mice bearing
      the nu/nu mutation. IgM and IgG responses to immunization with sheep red cells or
      ovalbumin, splenic lectin responses, and the expression of easily detectable Thy
      1 determinants on up to 20% of spleen cells could be documented for several
      months after the injection of human cells. Only a narrow cell dose range was
      effective. Injection of larger cell numbers not only failed to induce immune
      reconstitution but also resulted in the development of resistance to subsequent
      treatments. Only mature T cells, but not thymocytes, could induce nude mouse T
      cell development. Lymphoblasts from one patient with acute T cell leukemia
      consistently immune-reconstituted nude recipients. These cells were completely
      unable to produce IL 2 in vitro. In contrast, the IL 2-producing T cell line
      Jurkat was ineffective, indicating that the abilities to produce IL 2 and to
      induce nude mouse T cell development are independent. In an extension of earlier
      models of the nude mouse immune defect, two distinct T precursor cell pools are
      proposed as the major components of an extrathymic differentiation pathway. As an
      adequate trigger of differentiation, interaction with thymus-processed T cells
      guides the development of precursors in the first cell pool towards populating
      the second IL 2-responsive pool of T precursor cells.

PMID- 3871107
TI  - Murine anti-swine T4 and T8 monoclonal antibodies: distribution and effects on
      proliferative and cytotoxic T cells.
AB  - Two murine monoclonal antibodies reactive with porcine nylon wool-nonadherent T
      cells were examined by flow microfluorometry analysis for cellular distribution,
      and by functional analysis for their effect on MLR and CTL assays. The two
      determinants recognized, called PT4 and PT8, were shown to be expressed on almost
      mutually exclusive cell populations, with only 6 to 15% of T cells expressing
      both antigens. Among the 15% of nylon wool-nonadherent cells that did not express
      either PT4 or PT8, 5% were surface Ig+. In functional assays, cells that
      proliferated to PHA, hen egg lysozyme, and alloantigens were blocked by PT4 and
      were eliminated by PT4 and complement. PT4 and complement had no effect on CTL
      effectors or precursors. Reciprocally, PT8 blocked and PT8 and complement
      eliminated CTL effectors and precursors, but had no effect on proliferative
      responses. These results indicate that PT4 and PT8 define the porcine helper and
      cytotoxic T cell subsets, respectively.

PMID- 3871106
TI  - Strain dependence of muramyl dipeptide-induced LAF(IL 1) release by murine
      adherent peritoneal cells.
AB  - The capacity of MDP to stimulate LAF(IL 1) production by adherent peritoneal
      cells (APC) from different strains of mice was examined. It was observed that MDP
      could stimulate thioglycollate-induced APC from DBA/2, C57B1/6, and CBA/CA mice,
      but not from C3H mice. Resident APC from DBA/2 or C3H/HeJ mice were also
      responders and nonresponders, respectively, to MDP for LAF(IL 1) production, the
      positive effect of MDP being more marked on DBA/2 cells in the presence of
      indomethacin. Because a LPS high-responder C3H substrain (C3HeB/Fe) did not
      respond to MDP, it was concluded that the strain dependence with respect to the
      induction of LAF(IL 1) seen with both MDP and LPS was not linked. Moreover, the
      unresponsiveness of C3H mice to MDP was not linked to their MHC haplotype,
      because a second H-2k strain (CBA/CA) was a good responder to MDP stimulation.

PMID- 3871108
TI  - Identification and characterization of a B cell growth inhibitory factor (BIF) on
      BCGF-dependent B cell proliferation.
AB  - The culture supernatants of Con A-activated human peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells (PBM) contained at least two regulatory factors upon B cell proliferation.
      One was B cell growth factor (BCGF), which activated antigen-stimulated B cells
      to proliferation and clonal expansion, and the other was its inhibitory factor,
      arbitrarily named B cell growth inhibitory factor (BIF). This BIF inhibited the
      effect of BCGF on anti-mu-stimulated B cells or the monoclonal mature B cell line
      (CLL-T.H.) obtained from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of B cell-type chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia patients, which were activated only with BCGF and without
      adding other proliferating stimuli (e.g., anti-mu). BIF activity was detected in
      the 24 hr culture supernatants of Con A-activated human PBM in FCS containing
      medium and also in serum-free RPMI 1640 medium. This substance with BIF activity
      could not be derived from FCS. Con A-induced BIF (m.w. of 80,000 and an
      isoelectric point of pH 5.4) was analyzed by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and
      chromatofocusing. BIF was stable at pH 2.0 and at 56 degrees C for 30 min.
      Partially purified BIF had no effect on cell viability and almost no interferon
      activity (less than 1 IU/ml). BIF with high titer had a slight but significant
      inhibition on TCGF-dependent T cell growth and on PHA or Con A responses, but the
      extent of these inhibitions was far less than that of BCGF-dependent B cell
      growth. Absorption of BIF with Con A blasts made its inhibition on T cell growth
      even less. On the other hand, BIF activity could not be absorbed with Con A
      blasts but was almost absorbed with large numbers of CLL-T.H. cells. BIF had
      almost no inhibitory effect on the proliferation of a mouse fibroblast cell line
      (NIH 3T3), a mouse myeloma cell line (NS-1), human lymphoid cell lines (MOLT-4,
      HSB-2, and Daudi), or a human myeloid cell line (K-562). BIF-producing cells were
      estimated to be T cells and were identified as T8+ T cells. On the other hand,
      Con A-induced BCGF was demonstrated to be produced predominantly by T4+ T cells.
      These results show that human B cell proliferation is regulated by interaction
      between T4+ and T8+ cells via soluble factors, namely BCGF and BIF, respectively.

PMID- 3871109
TI  - Purification and physicochemical characterization of murine T cell replacing
      factor (TRF).
AB  - Murine T cell replacing factor (TRF) was purified from a cellfree supernatant of
      a T cell hybridoma (B151K12) that constitutively produces TRF. Two assay systems
      for TRF activity were employed: 1) induction of anti-DNP IgG PFC responses in
      cultures of splenic B cells from DNP-KLH-primed BALB/c mice, and 2) induction of
      IgM PFC in chronic B cell leukemic cells (BCL1). The purification scheme
      consisted of ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Blue
      Sepharose chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography, gel permeation with
      fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), and disc polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Overall, TRF was purified approximately 34,000-fold with a
      maximum 3.8% recovery of activity, and the specific activity of the purified TRF
      was approximately 9.6 X 10(4) U/mg. The TRF that is active in these systems is
      distinct from the other lymphokines such as IL 1, IL 2, BCGFI (now known as
      BSFp1), and gamma-interferon. The TRF is extremely hydrophobic, with an apparent
      m.w. of 50,000 to 60,000 on gel permeation chromatography and 18,000 on SDS-PAGE
      under reducing conditions. Highly purified B151-TRF abrogated the activity by
      treatment with trypsin but not with RNase. Moreover, it bound to lima bean
      agglutinin-Sepharose specific for N-acetylgalactosamine residues, indicating that
      B151-TRF is a glycosylated glycoprotein containing N-acetylgalactosamine
      residues. The role of N-acetylgalactosamine residues on TRF activity was
      additionally substantiated by the fact that the addition of appropriate amounts
      of N-acetylgalactosamine in the assay systems for TRF preferentially induced a
      profound suppression for TRF-mediated PFC responses.

PMID- 3871110
TI  - A "lymphokine-like" soluble product that induces proliferation and maturation of
      B cells appears in the serum-free supernatant of a T cell hybridoma as a
      consequence of mycoplasmal contamination.
AB  - The serum-free supernatant of a cloned murine T cell hybridoma supports the
      proliferation and maturation to Ig secretion of purified B cells (mu+ cells) from
      BALB/c nu/nu mice, but has no effect on the proliferation of nylon wool-selected
      BALB/c nu/+ splenic T cells. Although the supernatant activates B cells without
      co-stimulation, it synergizes with anti-mu for the proliferative response. The
      induction of B cell proliferation and maturation to Ig secretion is directly
      related to contamination of the hybridoma by Mycoplasma hyorhinis. Hybridoma
      cells freed of mycoplasma by detergent treatment fail to produce active
      supernatant, and reinfection of the treated cells reconstitutes the activity.
      Furthermore, deliberate infection of a mycoplasma-free unrelated T cell
      hybridoma, as well as the monocytic cell line P388D1, results in the production
      of supernatants with B cell proliferating activity. Mycoplasma organisms isolated
      from the supernatant induce B cell proliferation without subsequent maturation to
      Ig secretion. Gel filtration chromatography of the supernatant from mycoplasma
      contaminated hybridoma cells yields two peaks of activity. The first peak, found
      at the exclusion limit of the gel, results in B cell proliferation without
      maturation and may be attributed to mycoplasma organisms. The second peak
      (average m.w. 90,000) results in B cell proliferation as well as differentiation
      to Ig secretion. A "lymphokine-like" soluble product released by Mycoplasma
      hyorhinis is most likely responsible for this B cell activation, because
      fractionation of the supernatant from deliberately contaminated P388D1 cells
      gives essentially the same results, and gel filtration of mycoplasma-free
      supernatants does not generate any active fractions. The possibility should be
      considered that mycoplasma-derived soluble products may be among the many factors
      controlling in vitro B cell growth and maturation.

PMID- 3871111
TI  - Splenic B cells from CBA/N mice acquire responsiveness to anti-immunoglobulin
      after a brief treatment with pronase.
AB  - Although splenic B cells of CBA/N mice do not synthesize DNA in response to anti
      mouse IgM (mu-chain specific), the cells respond readily to Sepharose linked anti
      mu. Subsequent to a brief treatment with pronase, CBA/N splenocytes exhibited
      anti-mu-mediated DNA synthesis at 40 to 100% of the DNA synthetic capacity
      detected with Sepharose linked anti-mu. Furthermore, spleen cell populations
      treated with anti-Thy-1.2 and complement or populations purified on anti
      immunoglobulin-coated Petri plates (greater than 90% surface immunoglobulin
      positive) acquired responsiveness to anti-mu after pronase treatment.

PMID- 3871112
TI  - Comparative structural analysis of HLA-A3 antigens distinguishable by cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes: variant E1.
AB  - Influenza-specific cytotoxic T cells restricted by HLA-A3 recognize differences
      between HLA-A3 antigens that are serologically indistinguishable. To examine
      whether this differential recognition had a structural basis, we have compared
      the structures of HLA-A3 molecules from Epstein Barr virus-transformed peripheral
      blood lymphocytes of two individuals, E1 and M17. M17 was representative of the
      majority of HLA-A3-bearing individuals, whereas E1 was a variant distinguished by
      cytotoxic T cells. Peptide map comparisons revealed a small number of differences
      when particular amino acids were used to radiolabel the A3 molecules. Sequence
      analysis and comparison of the results with the prototypic HLA-A3 sequence
      localized the variability to a tryptic peptide spanning residues 147-157. To
      obtain the complete amino acid sequence for the E1 and M17 A3 molecules in the
      147-157 region, the CNBr fragments beginning at residue 139 were isolated and
      sequenced. Two amino acid differences were detected between the HLA-A3 molecule
      of the CTL-defined variant E1 and that of M17. At position 152, Glu in donor M17
      had changed to Va1 in donor E1, and at position 156, Leu in donor M17 had changed
      to Gln in donor E1. The finding that A3 molecules from E1 are altered in the
      region between residues 147 and 157 is consistent with studies on HLA-A2 variants
      and Kb mutants showing that this region of class I molecules is important for CTL
      recognition but not for recognition by serologic reagents.

PMID- 3871113
TI  - Demonstration of structural polymorphism among MB3 light chains by two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis.
AB  - The heavy and light chain subunits of MB3 molecules were isolated from KT2 (DKT2,
      DR4, MB3 homozygous), ER (Dw4, DR4, MB3 homozygous), JMe (Dw5, DR5, MB3
      homozygous), EBV-Sh (DSh, DRw6.2, MB3 homozygous), and EBV-Ky (DKy, DRw9, MB3
      homozygous) cells and were compared with one another by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis. The MB3 light chains from KT2, ER, and EBV-Ky cells were clearly
      different in terms of their isoelectric points, whereas those from ER, JMe, and
      EBV-Sh cells were indistinguishable. No differences in charge or m.w. were noted
      for the MB3 heavy chains from the five cell lines. Thus, three out of the five
      MB3-positive, D/DR-disparate cell lines were found to express structurally
      distinct MB3 molecules, demonstrating that MB3 is a public serologic specificity
      shared by at least three structurally distinct MB (human I-A-like) molecules.
      Because the DR light chain subunits isolated from EBV-Wa, KT2, ER, JMe, EBV-Sh,
      and EBV-Ky cells differed from one another in their isoelectric points, the DR
      light chains were apparently more polymorphic than the MB3 light chains.

PMID- 3871114
TI  - H-2K-restricted granuloma formation by Ly-2+ T cells in antibacterial protection
      to facultative intracellular bacteria.
AB  - Cellular, genetic, and antigenic requirements for granuloma formation in murine
      listeriosis were determined by using adoptive transfer of granuloma formation.
      Granuloma formation was restricted by a class I MHC antigen (H-2K) and critically
      depended on a Ly-2+ (Ly-1+2+) T cell. Expression of granuloma formation required
      living bacteria; heat-killed bacteria was not sufficient. H-2K-restricted
      transfer of granuloma formation was associated with a high degree of protection.
      Markedly less protection, presumably due to macrophage activation by T cells, was
      found under conditions of H-2 I-A homology. It is concluded that two T cell
      populations are involved in protection against L. monocytogenes: protection
      associated with granuloma formation depends on Ly-2+ (Ly-1+2+) T cells, is
      restricted by H-2K, and requires products of living bacteria to be expressed,
      whereas protection based on macrophage activation depends on H-2 I-A-restricted T
      helper cells.

PMID- 3871115
TI  - Mechanism of recovery from acute virus infection. I. Role of T lymphocytes in the
      clearance of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus from spleens of mice.
AB  - Adult mice were infected by i.v. inoculation with 10(3) mouse infectious doses of
      lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM virus). Despite widespread replication of
      the agent, overt illness did not develop; histopathologic alterations were
      moderate. High virus concentrations were attained in the spleen, which was chosen
      for further study. Cytotoxic spleen T cell responses were found to vary among
      inbred mouse strains, and as a rule, these were correlated with other virus
      specific cell-mediated immune phenomena. However, high- and low-responder mice
      eliminated the virus equally fast and already at times when spleen cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes were just beginning to appear (and before delayed-type
      hypersensitivity could be demonstrated). Adoptive transfer experiments showed
      that very few immune T lymphocytes were capable of reducing virus replication in
      the recipients' spleens and, furthermore, that protection was rapidly induced;
      when low numbers of cells were transferred, the effect was apparent 8 hr later,
      and with higher numbers diminished virus replication was evident after an
      interval as short as 6 hr. In fact, the data suggest that virus was actually
      inactivated. In spite of this marked efficiency, morphologic alterations in
      spleens of adoptively immunized mice were absent. Attempts to reveal expansion of
      immune cells in the recipients have failed, and the observation that adoptive
      transfer was as efficient in nude mice as in their furred counterparts makes it
      unlikely that the recipients' T lymphocytes participated to any extent. The low
      number of T lymphocytes causing reduction of virus, the short interval after
      which the effect became measurable, and the lack of histopathologic alterations
      has led to a working hypothesis in which it is assumed that immunologically
      activated T lymphocytes secrete lymphokines that directly interfere with virus
      replication in neighboring cells.

PMID- 3871116
TI  - Recognition of influenza virus hemagglutinin by subtype-specific and cross
      reactive proliferative T cells: contribution of HA1 and HA2 polypeptide chains.
AB  - The recognition of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) by T lymphocytes was
      examined by assaying the T cell proliferative response of influenza virus-primed
      T cells to purified HA of different influenza A subtypes or to isolated heavy
      (HA1) or light (HA2) polypeptide chains of the HA molecule. The proliferative
      response to HA was dependent on the activation of an Ly-1+2- subset of T cells
      and required the presence of nylon wool-adherent, radiation-resistant accessory
      cells. T cells from mice primed by infection with one strain of type A influenza
      virus cross-reacted with other purified HA not only of the same subtype as the
      priming virus but also of serologically distinct subtypes of influenza A (but not
      B) virus. The response of virus-primed T cells to the homologous HA or to HA of
      the same subtype was shown to involve recognition of determinants on both the HA1
      and the HA2 chains. The recognition of HA of different subtype by cross-reactive
      T cells appeared to be directed predominantly to determinants on HA2. Because the
      antibody response to influenza virus HA is not cross-reactive between subtypes
      and is directed predominantly to determinants on HA1, the present results
      indicate that at least some of the determinants on HA recognized by T cells are
      different from those recognized by B cells and that the HA2 chain may be involved
      primarily in stimulation of T cell rather than B cell immunity.

PMID- 3871117
TI  - T cells with FC receptors in myeloma; suppression of growth and secretion of MOPC
      315 by T alpha cells.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated that 1) BALB/c mice and patients with IgA myeloma
      developed a marked expansion of T cells with surface IgA-Fc receptors (T alpha
      cells), 2) the FcR alpha were induced by direct interaction of soluble myeloma
      IgA with T cells, and 3) the T alpha cells induced in IgA myeloma were Lyt-1-2+,
      IgA isotype-specific suppressor cells in normal immune responses. These findings
      established that the host with IgA myeloma responds to the large amounts of Ig
      produced by the tumor by activating an otherwise normal IgA isotype-specific
      suppressor circuit. In the present studies, we extend our previous observations
      and show that T alpha cells can suppress both the growth and secretion of MOPC
      315 myeloma tumor cells. Thus, the isotype-specific immunoregulatory circuit
      activated in myeloma is capable of suppressing tumor cells as well as normal
      cells.

PMID- 3871119
TI  - Catabolism of myo-inositol to precursors utilized for de novo glycerolipid
      biosynthesis.
AB  - Systemic injection of [2-3H]myo-inositol into frogs resulted in the incorporation
      of more than half of the label into glycerolipid classes other than
      phosphoinositides in retinal rod outer segment membranes. Following methanolysis
      and differential extraction of isolated lipid classes, radioactivity was
      recovered primarily in the aqueous phase. After phospholipase C hydrolysis of the
      total membrane lipids, 97% of the radioactivity was extractable with organic
      solvents, and 70% of the label in lipids was in 1,2-diglycerides. These results
      indicate that the label was incorporated primarily into the glyceryl moiety of
      the membrane glycerolipids. Intraocular injection of frog eyes or in vitro
      incubation of frog retinas with [2-3H]myo-inositol resulted in the incorporation
      of radioactivity almost exclusively into phosphoinositides in rod outer segment
      membranes. Incubation of retinas with [U-14C]glucuronic acid did not result in
      the formation of labeled retinal lipids. These results suggest that myo-inositol
      can be catabolized systemically to precursors utilized for glycerolipid
      biosynthesis in the retina.

PMID- 3871118
TI  - Dissociation of inductive from differentiative signals transmitted by C8
      substituted guanine ribonucleosides to B cells from SJL mice.
AB  - A hitherto unknown defect in the immune responsiveness of B lymphocytes from SJL
      mice has enabled us to distinguish two qualitatively distinct classes of signal
      delivered to B cells by C8-substituted guanine ribonucleosides. This defect
      renders B cells from SJL mice unresponsive to the inductive (early acting) signal
      of 8-mercaptoguanosine (8MGuo) that culminates in mitogenesis and nonspecific
      secretion of immunoglobulin. Unresponsiveness is not attributable to a shift in
      either the dose-response or kinetic profiles, nor can the presence of suppressor
      cells be demonstrated. In striking contrast, however, SJL B cells exhibit normal
      responsiveness to the differentiative (T cell-like, or late acting) signal
      provided by the substituted nucleoside. This signal enables SJL B cells, depleted
      of T cells, to respond to T cell-dependent antigens, and synergizes with T cell
      derived lymphokines. These data suggest 1) that nonspecific secretion of
      immunoglobulin is dependent on both inductive and differentiative signals, 2)
      that antigen alone can supply an effective inductive signal for antigen-specific
      responses, and 3) that the SJL mouse will provide a useful model for selective
      study of inductive vs differentiative events.

PMID- 3871120
TI  - Effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine and related compounds on
      the uptake of [3H]3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine and [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine in
      neostriatal synaptosomal preparations.
AB  - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is known to cause a
      destruction of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway in certain animal species
      including mice. MPTP and some structurally related analogs were tested in vitro
      for their capacity to inhibit the uptake of [3H]3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine
      ([3H]DA), [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine ([3H]5-HT), and [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid [(
      3H]GABA) in mouse neostriatal synaptosomal preparations. MPTP was a very potent
      inhibitor of [3H]5-HT uptake (IC50 value 0.14 microM), a moderate inhibitor of
      [3H]DA uptake (IC50 value 2.6 microM), and a very weak inhibitor of [3H]GABA
      uptake (no significant inhibition observed at 10 microM MPTP). In other
      experiments, MPTP caused some release of previously accumulated [3H]DA and [3H]5
      HT, but in each case MPTP was considerably better as an uptake inhibitor than as
      a releasing agent. The 4-electron oxidation product of MPTP, i.e., 1-methyl-4
      phenyl-pyridinium iodide (MPP+), was a very potent inhibitor of [3H]DA uptake
      (IC50 value 0.45 microM) and of [3H]5-HT uptake (IC50 value 0.78 microM) but MPP+
      was a very weak inhibitor of [3H]GABA uptake. These data may have relevance to
      the neurotoxic actions of MPTP.

PMID- 3871121
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine shortage--United
      States.

PMID- 3871122
TI  - Probing the chemistry of the mind.

PMID- 3871123
TI  - Hemophilus influenzae type B vaccine.

PMID- 3871124
TI  - Trends in cardiac surgery in the United States.

PMID- 3871125
TI  - No diurnal variations in calcitonin and vitamin D2.

PMID- 3871126
TI  - Differences in pathogenesis, incidence and outcome of perforation in inflammatory
      bowel disease.
AB  - We have studied the patient records of 49 or 1,623 patients in whom perforation
      occurred during the course of inflammatory intestinal disease. Perforation
      occurred most commonly with toxic megacolon in UC, but without toxic megacolon in
      Crohn's disease of the colon. The incidence of perforation was significantly
      greater in UC than in Crohn's disease involving the colon. This was due primarily
      to the higher incidence of perforations with toxic megacolon in the former. The
      incidence of toxic megacolon was significantly greater in ulcerative colitis than
      in Crohn's disease involving the colon (CC and IC) and in UC than in ileocolitis.
      Although almost twice as frequent in UC than in Crohn's colitis alone, a
      significant difference could not be demonstrated in this series for patients with
      UC compared with CC. In UC, the incidence of perforation was 28 times as frequent
      if toxic colonic dilation occurred, compared with ten times the frequency of TCD
      in Crohn's disease involving the colon. There was a significantly higher
      incidence of perforation in patients with UC with toxic megacolon. The incidence
      of colonic perforation in the absence of toxic megacolon was similar in the two
      series (7 of 552 for UC, 1.2 per cent, versus 11 of 607 for CDC, 1.8 per cent).
      Mortality was no different in toxic megacolon in patients with UC compared with
      those with Crohn's disease or in patients with UC with free perforation compared
      with those with sealed perforation. Mortality was significantly greater in
      patients with perforation in UC than in those with Crohn's disease in the absence
      of toxic megacolon. All 15 patients with spontaneous free perforation in Crohn's
      disease treated by resection or exteriorization with diversion survived compared
      with four of seven deaths of free perforation in UC. We have no explanation for
      the remarkable difference in survival of free perforation in the absence of toxic
      megacolon in UC and CD, but it may be due to differing immunologic states or
      pathogenetic mechanisms.

PMID- 3871127
TI  - Adhesive capsulitis of the hip and ankle.
AB  - Although adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder is a common clinical syndrome,
      adhesive capsulitis in other joints has rarely been reported. Four patients who
      developed adhesive capsulitis of the hip joint after trauma and two patients with
      adhesive capsulitis of the ankle, also precipitated by trauma, are described. The
      diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis is easily made during arthrography when a joint
      of low volume and high intracapsular pressure is encountered.

PMID- 3871128
TI  - Midcarpal wrist arthrography for detection of tears of the scapholunate and
      lunotriquetral ligaments.

PMID- 3871129
TI  - Neonatal intestinal obstruction from omphalomesenteric duct remnants.
AB  - Three cases of omphalomesenteric band obstruction in early infancy with various
      radiographic presentations, including intermittent obstruction in one, are
      reported. Small-bowel volvulus was found in all three patients at surgery. One
      case progressed to bowel necrosis with portal venous gas. A survey of the mode of
      presentation, surgical findings, and pathology of 135 published cases of
      intestinal obstruction in children demonstrates that a closed loop, with or
      without volvulus, is the most common complication of remnant bands.

PMID- 3871130
TI  - Meconium peritonitis with thoracic extension.

PMID- 3871131
TI  - Coaxial introduction of a 0.35-inch (0.9-mm) guide wire after 22-gauge needle
      placement.

PMID- 3871132
TI  - Percutaneous removal of caliceal calculi.
AB  - Of 170 patients who underwent percutaneous nephrostolithotomy, 61 had stones
      located in a calix. Direct access to the calix containing the calculus optimizes
      removal. Special maneuvers during and after percutaneous stone removal (e.g.,
      parallel-tract push and loop snare retrieval system) facilitate removal of
      caliceal calculi from more difficult locations; 46% of patients with caliceal
      calculi required adjuvant radiologic techniques. Complete calculus removal was
      achieved in 90% of patients with caliceal calculi.

PMID- 3871133
TI  - A temporary nephrostomy catheter for the staged removal of renal stones.

PMID- 3871134
TI  - Prolactin-secreting pituitary microadenomas: inaccuracy of high-resolution CT
      imaging.
AB  - Computed tomographic (CT) and surgical findings were correlated retrospectively
      in 51 patients with preoperative diagnoses of prolactin-secreting pituitary
      microadenomas. Thirty-nine had microadenomas at surgery. Twenty-three had
      identifiable discrete lesions. Of these, 21 had microadenomas and two did not;
      these two groups could not be distinguished reliably. Six patients with proven
      microadenomas had normal CT scans. Focal hypodense lesions, sellar floor erosion,
      infundibulum displacement, gland height greater than 8 mm, and an abnormal
      diaphragma sellae configuration are neither sensitive nor specific findings of
      microadenoma. A significant number of patients with proven microadenomas had few
      or none of these abnormalities. Thus, recognition of prolactin microadenoma may
      not be possible by CT alone, even with high-resolution direct coronal imaging.

PMID- 3871135
TI  - Intraspinal seeding from intracranial tumors in children.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid-borne metastases were demonstrated by metrizamide myelography
      in 20 children with primary intracranial tumors, posterior fossa medulloblastomas
      being the most common. The lumbosacral region was affected most often, with nerve
      root thickening, nodularity, and irregularity of the thecal sac. Cord cloaking,
      nodularity, and meningeal disease were common in the cervical and thoracic areas.
      Intraspinal spread from primary intracranial tumors signals a poor prognosis.
      However, the early detection of intraspinal spread afforded by metrizamide
      myelography can alter therapy and thereby improve prognosis.

PMID- 3871136
TI  - Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint meniscus: contrast arthrography vs.
      computed tomography.
AB  - A prospective study to determine the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) for the
      diagnosis of dislocation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) meniscus was made
      by performing both CT and contrast arthrography on 18 joints suspected of
      meniscus dislocation. Arthrography rather than surgery was chosen as the quality
      standard for comparing CT findings, as not all patients undergoing the studies
      underwent surgery. The CT protocol included scanning with both closed- and open
      mouth series, 1.5-mm-thick slices, soft-tissue and bone-detail settings, and
      coronal and sagittal reformations. Arthrography was done with linear tomography,
      after both lower and upper compartmental injections under fluoroscopic control.
      The results of each test were reported independently by the radiologist who
      obtained either all of the arthrograms or all of the CT scans. For dislocation of
      the meniscus, there was excellent agreement between the two methods. Nine menisci
      were dislocated according to both arthrography and CT. One meniscus was thought
      to be dislocated by CT, but this was not confirmed with arthrography. CT seems to
      be nearly as accurate as arthrography for showing meniscus dislocation, is
      performed with lower x-ray exposure, and is noninvasive. Arthrography discloses
      more detailed information about the joint meniscus, such as perforation and
      maceration, and should continue to be used when this kind of information is
      clinically important.

PMID- 3871137
TI  - Radiologic-pathologic correlation conference: SUNY Upstate Medical Center. Late
      deterioration after treatment of brain neoplasm.

PMID- 3871138
TI  - Plain-film criteria for excluding aortic rupture in blunt chest trauma.
AB  - Emergency room supine chest films of 86 consecutive patients with blunt chest
      trauma and possible aortic rupture were reviewed. Sixteen radiographic signs were
      analyzed independently and in combination. Only two signs associated with aortic
      rupture were statistically significant: deviation of the nasogastric tube to the
      right at the T4 level and depression of the left main-stem bronchus below 40
      degrees from the horizontal. False positives and false negatives occurred with
      each individual radiographic sign. However, if the aortic knob and contour
      appeared normal and the trachea and nasogastric tube were not deviated, no case
      was found of aortic rupture in 4 consecutive years of experience. These four
      signs can be used to exclude the diagnosis of aortic rupture in patients with
      blunt chest trauma.

PMID- 3871139
TI  - Renal calculi and tomography.

PMID- 3871140
TI  - False-negative rate of hysterosalpingography.

PMID- 3871141
TI  - Detection of intracranial bleeding by 99mTc sulfur colloid scintigraphy.

PMID- 3871142
TI  - Posterosuperior mediastinal widening in aortic coarctation.
AB  - Lobular widening of the posterosuperior mediastinum above the level of the aortic
      arch was noted in 17 (35.4%) of 48 patients with coarctation of the aorta. The
      incidence of this finding increased with age. The lobular widening of the lung
      mediastinal interface is produced by short collateral pathways consisting of
      anastomoses of the first and second posterior intercostal arteries and branches
      of the inferior thyroid arteries with the third and fourth posterior intercostal
      arteries. Although this soft-tissue abnormality is usually associated with
      inferior rib notching (Roesler sign), the plain-film finding may be seen without
      rib notching; also, rib notching may occur without any detectable change in the
      lung-mediastinal interface. In this series, lobular widening of the superior
      mediastinum was the fourth most common accessory sign of aortic coarctation.

PMID- 3871143
TI  - Perfusion lung scanning: differentiation of primary from thromboembolic pulmonary
      hypertension.
AB  - Of eight patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, final diagnosis
      established by autopsy or angiography, four had primary hypertension and four
      hypertension from thromboembolism. The perfusion lung scan was distinctly
      different in the two groups. The lung scan in primary pulmonary hypertension was
      associated with nonsegmental, patchy defects of perfusion, while in
      thromboembolic hypertensives it was characterized by segmental and/or lobar
      defects of perfusion with or without subsegmental defects. The perfusion lung
      scan is a valuable, noninvasive study in the evaluation of the patient with
      pulmonary hypertension of undetermined cause and in the exclusion of occult large
      vessel pulmonary thromboembolism.

PMID- 3871144
TI  - Transdiaphragmatic extension of invasive thymoma.
AB  - The initial and follow-up computed tomographic (CT) examinations of 19 patients
      with surgically proven invasive thymoma were reviewed; 10 have been previously
      reported. Transdiaphragmatic extension of tumor was observed in six (31.5%) of
      the 19 patients. Sites of infradiaphragmatic invasion included the right lateral
      liver surface, posterior pararenal space, left paraaortic region, perigastric
      soft tissue, and spinal canal. In the patient with known or suspected invasive
      thymoma, transdiaphragmatic extension is a common occurrence that requires
      routine CT imaging of the upper abdomen to avoid underestimating the extent of
      disease.

PMID- 3871145
TI  - Tilted air-fluid interfaces on chest radiographs.
AB  - Three patients had hydropneumothoraces in which the air-fluid interfaces were
      tilted from the horizontal. One was examined fluoroscopically, and the interface
      "seesawed" synchronously with the heartbeat. Displacement of the fluid by cardiac
      pulsation is the most likely usual cause of tilted air-fluid interfaces in the
      chest.

PMID- 3871146
TI  - Accessory fissures of the lung.

PMID- 3871147
TI  - CT of splenic and perisplenic abnormalities in septic patients.
AB  - Splenic and perisplenic pathology, demonstrated by CT examination in 14 septic
      patients, was correlated with the clinical course and with surgical and
      pathologic findings available. Twelve patients were intravenous drug addicts and
      two patients developed bacteremia associated with bacterial endocarditis. The CT
      findings were divided into three groups: (1) Single wedge-shaped peripherally
      located defects were seen in five patients; there was good response to medical
      therapy without other complications. (2) Larger and/or multiple, rounded or oval
      lesions were present in five patients; two of these patients had splenic
      abscesses proven on subsequent splenectomy. (3) Multiple splenic lesions and
      fissures associated with perisplenic and subphrenic fluid collections were seen
      in four patients; infected splenic infarcts, splenic fractures, and infected
      perisplenic hemorrhagic fluid collections were found in this group of patients.
      The CT examination in septic patients can reliably demonstrate splenic and
      perisplenic pathology, and its appearance contributes greatly to the overall
      clinical assessment and surgical approach.

PMID- 3871149
TI  - Differentiation of malignant from benign adrenal masses: predictive indices on
      computed tomography.
AB  - CT findings in 43 adrenal masses were analyzed to see which features correlated
      most significantly with malignancy. Size, contrast enhancement, and consistency
      emerged as important discriminators of malignant from benign adrenal masses.
      These three factors were further analyzed by logistic regression technique to
      examine the joint influence of computed tomographic (CT) features in prediction
      of malignancy. As a result of logistic regression analysis, a table of estimated
      probability of malignancy as a function of tumor size alone and another table of
      estimated probability as a joint function of size and contrast enhancement were
      developed. Given a similar patient sample and by using the data given, it would
      be possible to predict chances of malignancy in an adrenal mass if its CT
      features are known; for example, a 5-cm adrenal mass without enhancement has a
      0.31 probability of malignancy; with enhancement, a 0.68 probability.

PMID- 3871148
TI  - CT of functioning tumors of the pancreas.
AB  - Thirty-three patients suspected of having a functioning tumor of the pancreas
      were studied with computed tomography (CT); 25 had angiographic studies also.
      Thirty-one cases were confirmed surgically; the other two were lost at follow-up
      and were excluded from the series. Of the 31 patients, 21 had insulinomas, five
      had Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and five had assorted apudomas. CT was positive
      in 71% of the cases and negative in 29%; 22.6% of the studies were false negative
      and 6.4% were true negative. There were no false positives. Of the 21 patients
      with insulinomas, only one had false-negative CT and angiographic studies, caused
      by diffuse microadenomatosis. In one patient, two separate lesions of the
      pancreas were seen and identified correctly on both CT and angiography. All
      identified lesions smaller than 2 cm were seen only because of a hyperdensity on
      the enhanced CT scan. Lesions larger than 2 cm were identified either because
      their size distorted the pancreatic contour or because of their vascularity. The
      importance of proper CT technique using fast scanners and repeated bolus
      injections of contrast medium is stressed.

PMID- 3871150
TI  - CT-guided adrenal biopsy: accuracy, safety, and indications.
AB  - Fifty-eight percutaneous needle biopsies of adrenal masses were performed in 53
      patients. The technique was initially successful in 44 (83%) of 53 patients. Five
      patients had second procedures because of initial failure or the possibility of
      sampling error. Fourteen biopsies were performed in nononcologic patients and 39
      in patients with a known malignancy. None of the adrenal masses in nononcologic
      patients were malignant. Only 18 (46.1%) of the 39 masses in oncologic patients
      were metastases; the rest represented a variety of nonneoplastic conditions.
      Seven minor complications occurred in six patients. Two of these patients
      required transfusions for hypotension or decreases in hematocrit. No correlation
      was noted between needle size and complications. There were no pneumothoraces.
      The procedure is an accurate and safe alternative to surgical biopsy.

PMID- 3871151
TI  - CT of schistosomal calcification of the intestine.

PMID- 3871152
TI  - Scintigraphic demonstration of a gallbladder anomaly.

PMID- 3871153
TI  - Response of osteosarcoma to preoperative intravenous high-dose methotrexate
      chemotherapy: CT evaluation.
AB  - The histologic response of an osteosarcoma to preamputation high-dose
      methotrexate therapy can be used to determine the optimum maintenance
      chemotherapy regimen to be administered after amputation. This study evaluates
      computed tomography (CT) as a method of assessing the response of the tumor to
      the methotrexate therapy. Nine patients with nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of an
      extremity had a CT scan of the tumor at initial presentation. This was compared
      with a second CT scan after four courses of high-dose intravenous methotrexate.
      Each set of scans was evaluated for changes in bony destruction, soft-tissue
      mass, pattern of calcification, and extent of tumor involvement of the marrow
      cavity. These findings were correlated with the histologic response of the tumor
      as measured by the degree of tumor necrosis. The changes seen on CT correlated
      well with the degree of the histologic response in seven of the nine patients.

PMID- 3871154
TI  - Diffuse pleural thickening in an asbestos-exposed population: prevalence and
      causes.
AB  - Two types of pleural reaction have been described in association with asbestos
      exposure: pleural plaques and diffuse pleural thickening. This study was
      undertaken to determine the prevalence and causes of diffuse thickening in
      asbestos-exposed persons. Serial chest radiographs in 1373 exposed individuals
      and 717 controls were interpreted according to the ILO scheme by two B readers.
      Diffuse pleural thickening was defined as a smooth, noninterrupted pleural
      density extending over at least one-fourth of the chest wall, with or without
      costophrenic angle obliteration. Among the exposed group, plaques and diffuse
      thickening occurred with almost equal frequency, 16.5% and 13.5%, respectively.
      Of the 185 cases with diffuse thickening, the radiographic appearance was most
      often due to the residual of a benign asbestos effusion (31.3%) or confluent
      plaques (25.4%). The most commonly held explanation of diffuse thickening, an
      extension of pulmonary fibrosis to the visceral and parietal pleura, was actually
      infrequent (10.2%). Among the group with diffuse thickening without asbestosis,
      the forced vital capacity and single-breath diffusing capacity were significantly
      lower than those of comparable normal persons and those with confluent plaques.

PMID- 3871155
TI  - Computed tomography of osteosarcoma after intraarterial chemotherapy.
AB  - The response to intraarterial cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (CDP) chemotherapy
      was evaluated by computed tomography (CT) in 33 patients with pathologically
      proved osteosarcoma of the long or flat bones. Twenty-one of the 33 patients had
      a CT scan before chemotherapy was started. In the other 12 patients, a CT scan
      was obtained after at least two courses of treatment, and additional studies were
      performed during the course of therapy. In those patients responding to
      treatment, the posttherapy scan revealed a remarkable decrease or complete
      disappearance of the associated soft-tissue mass and clear reestablishment of the
      fat planes between the muscle bundles that had been obscured. There was sharp
      definition of the peripheral margins of the calcified healing neoplasm, and the
      calcification in the healing tumor could be differentiated easily from that of
      the original bone neoplasm. The findings of CT were compared with those of
      conventional studies and pathologic results. CT was more accurate than
      conventional studies in detecting healing process and diagnosis of remission.

PMID- 3871156
TI  - Xerophthalmia among Nepalese children.
AB  - A nationwide sample survey was conducted between July 1980 and June 1981 to
      determine the prevalence of xerophthalmia among Nepalese children. Population
      proportionate random samples were drawn from the 12 geopolitical subdivisions of
      the country by employing multistage sampling technique. The survey population was
      defined as the child population of rural Nepal between the ages of 0 and 14
      years. The per cent prevalence of xerophthalmia in Nepal was 1.65 for Bitot's
      spots, 0.02 for corneal ulcer, and 0.03 for corneal scar. While cases of Bitot's
      spots were more prevalent in the plains of Nepal, followed by the mountains and
      the hills, the reverse was true for corneal lesions. Vitamin A deficiency was
      found to be responsible for one-third of acquired bilateral blindness in
      preschool children. All corneal cases in the study were accompanied by diarrhea
      and malnutrition, indicating xerophthalmia to be symptomatic of the whole
      spectrum of malnutrition.

PMID- 3871157
TI  - Lung function, atopy, specific hypersensitivity, and smoking of workers in the
      enzyme detergent industry over 11 years.
AB  - A study of 2800 workers employed in three factories of the two major
      manufacturers of enzymatic products in the United Kingdom covering 11 years of
      operation from 1969 to 1980 showed that 2344 workers had sufficient lung function
      data to meet the operational criteria and these were analysed in three separate
      groups by factory locations. Spirometry and prick tests for specific skin
      reactions to standardised enzyme were performed at six monthly intervals for the
      first six years of the study and then annually. Factory enzyme dust and total
      dust measurements were made to determine the degree of dust exposure of the
      subjects. The lung function of the factory groups was analysed for the effects of
      working in the detergent industry, the degree of exposure to enzymes, skin prick
      test positivity to enzymes, atopicity, and smoking. The 4.5% of workers who had
      experienced respiratory effects from enzymes were analysed separately. Exposure
      to the enzyme allergen has had no significant long term effect on the lung
      function of the detergent workers. A higher proportion of atopics than non
      atopics became skin test positive to the allergen and more smokers than non
      smokers were sensitised. The overall lung function of detergent workers showed 39
      ml/year loss in FEV1 on the 11 year longitudinal study and 51 ml/year loss on the
      lateral (cross sectional) analysis with better lung function in the south east
      than the north west of England. In the development of the methodology for the
      study several potential problems were discovered that could remain unrecognised
      in a cross sectional analysis performed in isolation.

PMID- 3871158
TI  - Histiocytosis X: an ophthalmological review.
AB  - Of 76 children with histiocytosis X 18 had orbital involvement, and four
      developed additional neuro-ophthalmic complications. No instance of intraocular
      involvement was detected. Among those patients with ophthalmic involvement the
      main problems were bilateral or unilateral proptosis, ptosis, papilloedema, optic
      atrophy, and seventh nerve palsy. Only one patient developed a severe visual
      defect. Management of the ophthalmological complications depends not only on the
      extent of the orbital disease but also on the degree of systemic involvement.
      Overall management by a paediatric oncologist is mandatory.

PMID- 3871159
TI  - Terminal transferase positive acute promyelocytic leukemia: in vitro
      differentiation of a T-lymphocytic/promyelocytic hybrid phenotype.
AB  - In a case of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), the expression of terminal
      deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), an early lymphoid marker, was detected.
      Double-fluorescent staining for the myeloid-specific antigens VIM-2 and VIM-D5 in
      combination with specific antiserum for TdT suggested a mixed leukemic cell
      population consisting of a morphologically, cytochemically, and immunologically
      promyelocytic component (80%) and a lymphoid, TdT+ component (20%) that was
      myelomonocytic in morphology but otherwise without any evidence of nonlymphoid
      nature. Fluorescent-activated cell analysis revealed that a greater number of
      cells reacted with monoclonal anti-T antibodies (OKT3, OKT6, and OKT11) than
      could be identified as lymphoid by TdT expression. As confirmed by double
      staining fluorescence microscopy, a large fraction of the promyelocytic leukemia
      cells were biphenotypic, expressing both myeloid and lymphoid markers (50%
      positive for VIM-D5 and OKT6, 30% positive for VIM-D5 and OKT3). Subsequently, in
      vitro differentiation experiments were performed. While treatment of the cells
      with GCT-conditioned medium favored proliferation, with only a weak and delayed
      promotion of the cells towards maturation as reflected by enhanced expression of
      the mature T-marker T3 but persistent expression of the thymocyte antigen,
      exposure to all-trans and 13-cis retinoic acid resulted in marked differentiation
      of both the myeloid and the lymphoid cell characteristics. Retinoid treatment
      resulted in the loss of TdT, a partial disappearance of the T6-antigen, and the
      expression of the late T cell antigen T3 by almost 70% of the cells. In addition,
      myeloid maturation was obvious from the morphologic appearance of the cells, as
      well as from the expression of the OKM1-associated antigen by a majority of the
      cells. This report concerns a unique case of APL in which, for the first time, a
      coexistence of promyelocytic and lymphoid elements was detected, with exposure of
      the cultured leukemic cells to retinoic acid inducing maturation along both the
      myeloid and the lymphoid lineage.

PMID- 3871160
TI  - T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with lymphocytes of unusual immunologic
      phenotype and function.
AB  - This report discusses a case of T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL) in an
      elderly white man whose lymphocytes expressed a post-thymic phenotype except for
      the coexpression of T4 and T8 on 80% to 95% of the cells. Because of the uncommon
      phenotype, in vitro functional assays were performed that showed decreased
      mitogenic responses but normal helper activity for B cell immunoglobulin
      secretion and normal suppressor activity of lectin-induced mitogenesis.
      Morphologic evaluation by both light and electron microscopy and cytochemical
      staining were consistent with the "knobby" type T-CLL. Adenosine deaminase and
      terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) levels were low, but the
      acetylcholinesterase level was normal, which is consistent with the peripheral T
      cell phenotype. The patient underwent splenectomy, and the spleen cells showed
      very low levels of T3 and T4 by immunoperoxidase and undetectable levels by
      immunofluorescence. The morphology of the splenic infiltrate was not
      significantly different from that in the initial bone marrow. Human T cell
      leukemia virus (HTLV) antigen and antibody tests were negative. The cells in this
      leukemia apparently are derived from a transitional stage of maturation between
      the cortical and medullary thymocyte. A small subset of lymphocytes of identical
      phenotype to this leukemia has been identified in normal individuals.

PMID- 3871161
TI  - Prognostic information from cytogenetic analysis in chronic B-lymphocytic
      leukemia and leukemic immunocytoma.
AB  - Fifty-five patients with a clonal expansion of B lymphocytes in the peripheral
      blood were studied. According to the Kiel classification, 22 patients had chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 29 had immunocytoma (IC), two had prolymphocytic
      leukemia, and one had centrocytic lymphoma; one was not subclassified.
      Cytogenetic studies after B cell mitogen stimulation showed that six patients had
      an extra chromosome 12 as the sole abnormality. Another ten patients had an extra
      chromosome 12 together with other abnormalities. One patient had dup(12). Fifteen
      patients showed clonal aberrations without +12. Eleven patients showed only
      normal metaphases, and 12 patients were not evaluated cytogenetically. The
      cytogenetic subgroup pattern did not distinguish between CLL and IC patients.
      There was no significant difference between the CLL and IC groups as regards
      clinical findings and prognosis. However, the cytogenetic typing proved to be of
      prognostic significance. Increasing numbers of chromosomal aberrations within the
      cell clone were significantly associated with a poorer prognosis, ie, with
      impairment of survival (P = .04) and therapy-free survival (P less than 10(-4].
      Patients with complex karyotypes (at least clonal aberrations) showed the poorest
      survival (P = .007). Patients with +12 required treatment earlier than patients
      with a normal karyotype (P = .01) and patients with karyotypic changes other than
      +12 (P = .006). These latter differences were even more pronounced when only IC
      patients were considered (P = .005 and P = .002, respectively). A multivariate
      analysis revealed that +12 was as strong an indicator of poor survival as
      advanced Rai or Binet stages and a stronger predictor of therapy-demanding
      disease.

PMID- 3871162
TI  - Lithium stimulation of granulopoiesis in diffusion chambers--a model of a
      humoral, indirect stimulation of stem cell proliferation.
AB  - Lithium has been recognized as a stimulator of granulopoiesis both in vivo and in
      vitro. The mechanism by which lithium provokes this stimulation is unclear, with
      previous data focusing on such divergent causes as direct effects on progenitor
      cells v elevations in granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating activity (GM-CSA)
      production. In the present study, we used a model system of granulopoiesis in
      diffusion chambers to study this stimulation of granulopoiesis. Lithium
      pretreatment of mice followed by a rest period to allow for excretion of the
      lithium (confirmed by serum assays) revealed a stimulation of progenitor cell
      growth within the diffusion chambers. No changes in the serum and chamber fluid
      GM-CSA levels were discernible between the control host mice and the lithium
      pretreated mice. These data indicate that lithium stimulates granulopoiesis by an
      indirect mechanism that does not appear to involve GM-CSA.

PMID- 3871164
TI  - Surface phenotype and cytochemistry of T cells.

PMID- 3871163
TI  - Activation of human factor VII during clotting in vitro.
AB  - We have studied factor VII activation by measuring the ratio of factor VII
      clotting to coupled amidolytic activity (VIIc/VIIam) and cleavage of 125I-factor
      VII. In purified systems, a low concentration of Xa or a higher concentration of
      IXa rapidly activated 125I-factor VII, yielding a VIIc/VIIam ratio of 25 and
      similar gel profiles of heavy and light chain peaks of VIIa. On further
      incubation, VIIa activity diminished and a third 125I-peak appeared. When normal
      blood containing added 125I-factor VII was clotted in a glass tube, the
      VIIc/VIIam ratio rose fivefold, and 20% of the 125I-factor VII was cleaved.
      Clotting normal plasma in an activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) system
      yielded a VIIc/VIIam ratio of 25 and over 90% cleavage of 125I-factor VII.
      Clotting factor XII-deficient plasma preincubated with antibodies to factor X in
      an APTT system with added XIa yielded a VIIc/VIIam ratio of 19 and about 60%
      cleavage, which indicates that IXa, at a concentration achievable in plasma, can
      effectively activate factor VII. Clotting normal plasma with undiluted tissue
      factor yielded a VIIc/VIIam ratio of 15 to 20 and 60% cleavage of 125I-factor
      VII, whereas clotting plasma with diluted tissue factor activated factor VII only
      minimally. We conclude that both Xa and IXa can function as significant
      activators of factor VII in in vitro clotting mixtures but believe that only
      small amounts of factor VII may be activated in vivo during hemostasis.

PMID- 3871165
TI  - B cell differentiation.

PMID- 3871166
TI  - Abnormalities in myelopoietic regulatory interactions with acidic isoferritins
      and lactoferrin in mice infected with Friend virus complex: association with
      altered expression of Ia antigens on effector and responding cells.
AB  - The regulation of myelopoiesis was evaluated in B6D2F1 mice inoculated with
      Friend virus complex (spleen focus-forming virus plus helper virus) or helper
      virus alone by analyzing acidic isoferritin (AIF) and lactoferrin (LF)
      interactions with target cells. Under normal conditions, AIF suppresses colony
      and cluster formation by an Ia-antigen-positive cycling subpopulation of mouse
      granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM). Under the same conditions, the
      release of AIF-inhibitory activity and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulatory
      factors (GM-CSF) from an Ia-antigen-positive subpopulation of monocytes and
      macrophages is suppressed by LF. Within one to two days after inoculation in vivo
      with Friend virus complex or helper virus, mouse CFU-GM become insensitive in
      vitro to suppression by purified human AIF as well as crude mouse AIF, and by
      four days, bone marrow, spleen, and thymus cells of these mice release much
      greater quantities of AIF-inhibitory activity than the cells from mice injected
      with control medium. The Friend virus complex itself has no influence in vitro on
      CFU-GM from normal mice. In addition, the release of AIF-inhibitory activity from
      bone marrow, spleen, and resident peritoneal cells and the release of GM-CSF from
      resident peritoneal cells of mice infected with Friend virus complex are not
      suppressed by LF. The inability of AIF to suppress colony formation by bone
      marrow and spleen CFU-GM from mice infected with Friend virus complex is
      associated with the loss of Ia (I-A subregion) antigens from CFU-GM, even though
      CFU-GM are in cycle. The nonresponsiveness of bone marrow, spleen, and peritoneal
      cells from these mice to LF suppression of AIF release and the inability of LF to
      influence GM-CSF release from peritoneal cells is associated with loss of Ia
      antigens from these cells. The above abnormalities are similar to the defects
      noted using cells from patients with leukemia. These results suggest that mice
      infected with Friend virus complex can serve as a model for investigating
      abnormalities in cell regulation and their relationships to disease progression.

PMID- 3871167
TI  - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Program of the Ontario Medical Association: the
      first 3 years.
AB  - This paper describes the Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Program developed and
      operated by the Committee on Drugs and Pharmaco-therapy of the Ontario Medical
      Association. Analyses were done to demonstrate some of the trends derived from
      the reports. Some of the clinical observations based on the reports, which are
      published quarterly and circulated to physicians and to pharmacy, nursing and
      hospital organizations, are also reviewed.

PMID- 3871168
TI  - Does a family history of allergy predict immediate skin test reactivity?
AB  - The value of a family history of allergy in predicting atopy was assessed in men
      employed in lumber mills, grain handling and railway industries in British
      Columbia. Detailed family and personal histories of allergy were available for
      1434 men, 1426 of whom underwent prick skin testing with two common environmental
      allergens and one control solution. Those with a family history of allergy had
      2.06 times the odds of immediate skin test reactivity as those without a family
      history and 1.65 (p less than 0.01) times the odds after adjustment for personal
      history and age. The odds of skin test reactivity in workers with a personal
      history of allergy were 4.76 times those of workers without such a history and
      4.34 after adjustment for family history and age. Almost half (47%) of the
      workers with both a family and a personal history of allergy had positive results
      of skin testing, compared with only 10% of the workers without either history. It
      was therefore concluded that a family history of allergy is an independent
      predictor of atopy.

PMID- 3871169
TI  - Fractional doses of DPT vaccine.

PMID- 3871171
TI  - The karyotype of the glucocorticoid-sensitive, lymphoblastic human T-cell line
      CCRF-CEM shows a unique deleted and inverted chromosome 9.
AB  - Chromosome karyotypes were prepared from the highly glucocorticoid-sensitive
      clone C7 of the human acute lymphoblastic leukemia T-cell line CCRF-CEM. The
      modal number of chromosomes is 47, and one chromosome #9 has a pericentric
      inversion of the heterochromatin region (9qh) plus a deletion of the short arm.
      In most cells, there is an extra chromosome #20. All other chromosomes appear to
      be normal. Examination of the uncloned line CCRF-CEM (ATCC CCL 119), which was
      frozen away shortly after the line was originated and has undergone fewer
      passages than CEM C7, also revealed the same abnormality of chromosome #9. Each
      of 10 other clones isolated from CCRF-CEM in this laboratory also contained the
      abnormal chromosome #9.

PMID- 3871170
TI  - Hand-mirror variant of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Evidence for early T-cell
      lineage in two cases by evaluation with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Lymphoid cells from two patients with hand-mirror variant of acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia (ALL) were studied with various monoclonal antibodies in attempts to
      determine their derivation and differentiation. The predominant feature of the
      malignant bone marrow cells was strong reactivity with antibody 3A1, which stains
      the majority of normal T-cells and is apparently present on all T-ALL cells. In
      addition, a less intense binding was observed with antibody 4F2, which reacts
      with activated or rapidly dividing cells, and antibody 10.2, which reacts with
      all thymocytes and most peripheral T-cells. Most other antibodies with a wide
      variety of specificities were not reactive or, in the case of a few anti-T-cell
      antibodies showed, by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis only weak
      staining on some cells. Sequential bone marrow studies in one patient, before and
      during treatment with chemotherapy, revealed a reduction of 3A1-positive cells,
      concordant with a decrease of malignant cells in the marrow. When involved lymph
      nodes, peripheral blood, or marrow were studied, similar reactivity patterns were
      found in all locations. The data obtained suggest that in both patients with hand
      mirror variant of ALL, the malignant lymphoid cells were immature cells of early
      T-lymphocyte lineage. The relation of phenotype by monoclonal antibody analysis
      to hand-mirror morphologic type and biologic function is discussed.

PMID- 3871172
TI  - Lysis of spontaneous murine breast tumors by human interleukin 2-stimulated
      syngeneic T-lymphocytes.
AB  - In vitro and in vivo cytotoxic assay systems show that primary explants of
      spontaneous mammary tumors from CD8F1 mice are susceptible to lysis by
      interleukin 2-stimulated, syngeneic T-lymphocytes.

PMID- 3871173
TI  - Correlation between cytotoxic and suppressor activities of human pulmonary
      alveolar macrophages.
AB  - We have reported previously that pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) from
      individuals with lung cancer and active chronic pulmonary diseases were cytotoxic
      to tumor cells in vitro, whereas PAMs from normal individuals or patients with
      acute pulmonary disorders were noncytotoxic. In the present study, we evaluated
      20 PAM preparations for both suppressor and cytotoxic functions to determine if
      PAMs could function as suppressor cells and, if so, whether a correlation between
      the two functions exists. Cytotoxicity was assessed in a 60-hr cytotoxicity assay
      against [3H]proline-prelabeled human melanoma target cells. More than 20%
      cytotoxicity was considered to be significant. Suppressor activity was measured
      by determining whether admixing PAMs at various ratios with autologous or
      allogeneic mononuclear cells could suppress concanavalin A-induced blastogenesis
      by T-lymphocytes. At least 50% suppression was considered to be significant. Of
      the 20 specimens evaluated, 13 were cytotoxic and 5 of these exhibited suppressor
      activity. None of the 7 noncytotoxic PAM preparations had suppressor activity.
      Suppression was nonspecific and not HLA restricted, since autologous and
      allogeneic mononuclear cells were inhibited to a similar extent. Suppression was
      probably not due to prostaglandin production by the PAMs since assays were
      performed under optimal conditions and required extremely high concentrations of
      prostaglandins. A significant correlation between suppressor and cytotoxic
      activity was found. Suppression was observed only with PAM specimens that were
      also highly cytotoxic to tumors, but not all cytotoxic PAM specimens were
      suppressive. Whether these actions reflect different levels of activation of PAMs
      or are the properties of different macrophage subsets remains to be clarified.

PMID- 3871174
TI  - Increased efficiency in selective elimination of leukemia cells by a combination
      of a stable derivative of cyclophosphamide and a human B-cell-specific
      immunotoxin containing pokeweed antiviral protein.
AB  - Leukemia cells were mixed with normal human bone marrow cells to simulate bone
      marrow from leukemia patients; the mixture was then treated with a combination of
      stabilized derivative of cyclophosphamide [Mafosfamide (ASTA Z 7557)] and
      pokeweed antiviral protein-containing immunotoxin. The ability of this protocol
      for selective elimination of B-ALL cells was evaluated by clonogenic assay. The
      monoclonal antibody (B43) portion of the immunotoxin was directed against human B
      cells and was linked to pokeweed antiviral protein by a disulfide bond. The
      combination of ASTA Z 7557 and immunotoxin was superior to either ASTA Z 7557 or
      the immunotoxin alone and produced nearly 7 logs of elimination of leukemia cells
      from the cell mixtures. About 5 logs of contaminating tumor cells were eliminated
      from a 200-fold excess of normal marrow under conditions where fewer than 50% of
      pluripotent stem cells were lost. Moreover, this manipulation did not inhibit
      subsequent production of pluripotent stem cells in long-term bone marrow
      cultures, indicating that the more primitive progenitors were not harmed.

PMID- 3871175
TI  - Treatment of multiple myeloma with deoxycoformycin.
AB  - A comparison of adenosine deaminase activity in intact human plasma cells and
      lymphocytes in vitro showed that plasma cells had at least as much activity of
      this enzyme as did T or non-T lymphocytes. This observation led us to examine the
      effectiveness of deoxycoformycin in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Thirteen
      patients with advanced refractory myeloma were treated with deoxycoformycin at 5
      mg/m2 daily for 3 days every 2 weeks until response or progression. Of the seven
      evaluable patients who received more than one cycle of therapy, two had a greater
      than 50% reduction in the level of myeloma protein and two had a demonstrable
      reduction in soft tissue disease. Toxicity consisted of marked nausea, anorexia
      lasting several days, and mild transient confusion in some patients. Plasma
      levels of deoxyadenosine and adenosine peaked on day 4 or 5 with average values
      of 1.9 and 0.6 microM, respectively. Red cell levels of dATP reached
      approximately 40% of ATP levels. The viability of plasma cells was shown to be
      greatly reduced in in vitro incubations with deoxycoformycin and low levels of
      deoxyadenosine (ID50 of 6 microM).

PMID- 3871176
TI  - An alternative interpretation of the results of the Coronary Artery Surgery
      Study.

PMID- 3871177
TI  - The effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in patients with
      severe angina pectoris.
AB  - The pain-relieving effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
      were investigated in patients with severe angina pectoris first with respect to
      systemic and coronary hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism during pacing
      induced angina and second in a controlled long-term study. Two series of patients
      with severe angina pectoris (NYHA class III to IV) were studied (13 patients in
      the pacing study and 23 in the long-term study). In the pacing-induced angina
      study there was increased tolerance to pacing (142 +/- 23 compared with 124 +/-
      20 beats/min tolerated, p less than .001), improved lactate metabolism (2 +/- 36%
      compared with -18 +/- 43%, p less than .01), and less pronounced ST segment
      depression (2.3 +/- 1.1 compared with 2.9 +/- 2.6 mm, p less than 0.05) with
      TENS. In the long study the effects of TENS were measured by means of repeated
      bicycle ergometer test, frequency of anginal attacks, and consumption of short
      acting nitroglycerin. TENS was used regularly for 1 hr three times per day. The
      TENS treatment group had increased work capacity (637 +/- 308 vs 555 +/- 277 W .
      min, p greater than .001), decreased ST segment depression (2.3 +/- 1.1 vs 3.6 +/
      1.6 mm, p less than .001), reduced frequency of anginal attacks (p less than
      .05), and reduced consumption of short-acting nitroglycerin per week (p less than
      .05) compared with the control group. The observed effects were mainly due to
      decreased afterload resulting from systemic vascular dilatation.

PMID- 3871178
TI  - Optimized conditions for determining activity concentration of alpha-amylase in
      serum, with 1,4-alpha-D-4-nitrophenylmaltoheptaoside as substrate.
AB  - We describe a method for measuring the catalytic activity of alpha-amylase (EC
      3.2.1.1) in serum and urine, by use of a defined substrate: 1,4-alpha, D-4
      nitrophenyl maltoheptaoside. We use a phosphate buffer of pH 7.10, containing
      chloride as activator and alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) as the auxiliary
      enzyme. After a lag phase of 4 min at 25 degrees C or 30 degrees C, or 3 min at
      37 degrees C, the increase of absorption of 4-nitrophenol is measured at 410 nm
      or 405 nm. The pH value of the assay mixture is a compromise between optimum pH
      for the alpha-amylase reaction, shortest possible lag phase, and an acceptable
      absorptivity of 4-nitrophenol. Because the dissociation of 4-nitrophenol depends
      strongly on pH and temperature, we determined its absorptivity with various
      combinations of these variables in the assay. Heparin-treated plasma can be used,
      but not EDTA, fluoride, or citrate. Lipemia, hemoglobin less than or equal to
      mumol/L, bilirubin less than or equal to 170 mumol/L, glucose less than or equal
      to 100 mmol/L, and ascorbic acid less than or equal to 1 mmol/L of sample do not
      interfere in the assay.

PMID- 3871179
TI  - Clearance of pancreatic and salivary alpha-amylase in normal subjects.

PMID- 3871180
TI  - Alterations in serum antibody and peripheral T-lymphocyte subsets resulting from
      treatment of murine immune complex glomerulonephritis with PGE2.
AB  - The effects of treatment with 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (DMPGE2) on
      histologic damage, glomerular immune complex deposition, serum total IgG subclass
      levels, anti-apoferritin IgG levels, and peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets
      were determined in apoferritin-induced immune complex glomerulonephritis of mice.
      The results demonstrate that doses of DMPGE2 ranging from 2.5 to 10 micrograms
      twice daily significantly reduced the degree of glomerular damage in a dose
      dependent manner. Similarly, these doses of DMPGE2 reduced the amount of
      immunoglobulin deposition along peripheral capillary loops. Total IgM, IgG1,
      IgG2a, and IgG2b were unaffected by DMPGE2 administration. Serum anti-apoferritin
      IgG levels were significantly reduced in mice receiving DMPGE2 at doses of 5 and
      10 micrograms twice daily. Nephrotic mice had significantly reduced peripheral
      blood total T lymphocytes (Lyt-1+) and a reduction of T-suppressor (Lyt-2+)
      cells. Administration of DMPGE2 at doses of 5 and 10 micrograms twice daily
      prevented these T-lymphocyte alterations. These studies indicate that treatment
      of mice receiving apoferritin with DMPGE2 may prevent glomerulonephritis by
      altering both cellular and humoral immune responses.

PMID- 3871181
TI  - Hyper-Ia antigen expression on B cells from B6-lpr/lpr mice correlates with
      manifestations of the autoimmune state.
AB  - To investigate the state of activation of B cells from mice with the lpr gene
      defect, membrane Ia antigen (mIa) expression was analyzed on B cells from B6
      lpr/lpr (lpr) and control B6- +/-/+/- mice. B cells from lpr mice exhibited
      marked increases in levels of mIa as determined by flow cytometry using a
      monoclonal anti-I-Ab,d reagent. This increase, which was progressive with age,
      suggests that phenotypic alteration of B-cell mIa expression is a consequence of
      lpr gene action. Since B-cell activation manifest by elevated mIa expression may
      promote productive interactions with helper T cells, these observations suggest
      an important role for B-cell abnormalities in the etiology of lpr-induced
      autoimmune disease.

PMID- 3871182
TI  - HLA-B8/DR3 phenotype and the primary immune response.
AB  - Increased frequency of HLA-B8/DR3 has been reported in many organ-specific and
      systemic autoimmune diseases. Immune responsiveness in 11 normal subjects with
      and 22 without the B8/DR3 phenotype was studied. The IgA class immune response
      after immunization with the primary test immunogen alpha-Helix pomatia hemocyanin
      (HPH) was increased in B8/DR3-positive subjects compared to the non-B8/DR3 group.
      Also, IgG class antibody levels tended to be higher in the former group. The in
      vitro lymphocyte proliferative response to optimal concentrations of HPH did not
      differ between the groups nor did the response to allogeneic cells. Lymphocyte
      proliferation on stimulation with pokeweed mitogen and suboptimal concentration
      of phytohemagglutinin was increased in B8/DR3 individuals. It is concluded that
      the phenotype B8/DR3 is associated with a high humoral immune response.

PMID- 3871183
TI  - Cytotoxic lymphocytes generated in vivo with acute measles virus infection.
AB  - We studied the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes in adults during an outbreak
      of acute measles virus infection. Nine patients were studied determining in
      particular whether virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes could be directly
      detected in peripheral blood during this acute infection. The cytotoxicity of PBL
      was assayed against measles virus-infected and uninfected phytohemagglutinin
      induced blast cells of matched and mismatched HLA, A, B, and C types, in a
      standard 4-h 51Cr release assay. There was greater cytotoxicity against measles
      virus-infected than uninfected target cells in at least one sample from every
      patient. In 4 patients this preferential lysis of virus infected cells was
      greater (a difference of more than 10% virus-specific lysis) against HLA-matched
      than mismatched targets. This preference for HLA A and B matched infected target
      cells was also clearly seen when the effector PBL were depleted of FC receptor
      bearing cells. The other 5 subjects exhibited no evidence of preferential lysis
      of HLA-matched measles virus-infected cells. All 9 patients limited the spread of
      measles virus infection and recovered equally from the acute infection. These
      studies provide some evidence to suggest that MHC-restricted virus-specific CTL
      are detectable in human peripheral blood during acute measles virus infection,
      albeit only with low frequency, but are not necessarily associated with recovery
      from disease.

PMID- 3871184
TI  - Acid-base changes and ventilator mode during maintenance ventilation.
AB  - Assist-control ventilation was compared to intermittent mandatory ventilation
      (IMV) for respiratory support of 35 patients without known respiratory disease,
      who had undergone coronary bypass surgery. Spontaneous respiratory rates and
      minute ventilation did not differ significantly between the two groups. Blood gas
      samples obtained during the assist-control mode had a significantly lower PaCO2
      and higher pH than blood gases measured during high-rate IMV. There were six
      cases of severe alkalemia during assist-control ventilation, all respiratory in
      origin. These were attributable to the higher respiratory-rate settings and the
      extra respirator-delivered tidal volumes when spontaneous rates were higher than
      the set rates. IMV was associated with fewer ventilator-induced acid-base
      changes.

PMID- 3871186
TI  - T-lymphocytosis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

PMID- 3871185
TI  - Pulmonary involvement in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3871187
TI  - Bronchoalveolar T-cell subsets in gold lung. Evidence for a hypersensitivity
      reaction.

PMID- 3871188
TI  - Atopic asthma: T-cell response to corticosteroids.
AB  - Atopic asthma is associated with diminished cell-mediated immunity and elevated
      levels of IgE, both of which may be caused by imbalances of T-lymphocyte subsets.
      We analyzed the response of peripheral blood T-cell subsets to two commonly used
      corticosteroid preparations as a probe of T-cell subset regulation. We
      administered prednisone (P) 60 mg or 20 mg, beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP)
      aerosol, 336 micrograms, placebo, or BDP vehicle in a double-blind protocol to 15
      atopic asthmatic patients and ten nonatopic subjects. No difference was found
      between the groups of the baseline number of T-cells with T4, T8, M1, and Ia
      antigens, nor the ratio of T4+ (helper) to T8+ (suppressor) cells. Five hours
      after administration of BDP aerosol, BDP vehicle, and oral placebo, there was no
      change of these values in either the atopic or in the nonatopic group. In
      contrast, P, 20 and 60 mg, caused a fall of T4/T8 ratio in the atopic, but not in
      the nonatopic population. Atopic asthma is not associated with baseline
      imbalances of peripheral blood T-cell subsets, but is associated with an abnormal
      response to systemic, but not inhaled corticosteroid.

PMID- 3871189
TI  - Fever and posterior mediastinal opacity following aorto-coronary bypass graft.

PMID- 3871190
TI  - Esophageal motility and symptoms after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy.
AB  - Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy is known to cause a variety of motility
      abnormalities, but the correlation between these changes and symptomatology has
      not been clearly defined. To assess the effects of endoscopic sclerosis of
      varices on esophageal function and symptoms, we prospectively studied esophageal
      motility in 25 patients undergoing sclerotherapy (group I). Thirteen patients
      underwent studies before and after sclerosis, and 12 patients were studied after
      completion of therapy. Acid clearance was studied in five patients (group I).
      Twenty-four of the 25 patients (group I) completed a course of sclerosis without
      the development of persistent dysphagia. We found that endoscopic sclerotherapy
      did not significantly alter the velocity of peristalsis or lower esophageal
      sphincter pressure, amplitude of contraction, or the duration of contraction.
      Acid clearance was diminished in three of five patients. Four patients who
      developed an esophageal stricture following sclerotherapy were studied
      manometrically (group II). Three of these four patients had a manometric pattern
      characterized by repetitive, nonperistaltic contractions, and all four patients
      experienced dysphagia which was relieved by bougienage. We conclude that
      esophageal motility is generally well preserved following endoscopic injection
      sclerotherapy and does not result in a long-lasting disturbance of swallowing.
      Dysphagia and disordered esophageal motility do occur after sclerotherapy when a
      sufficient fibrotic response has resulted in an esophageal stricture.

PMID- 3871191
TI  - Association of specific cell-surface glycoproteins with a triton X-100-resistant
      complex of plasma membrane proteins isolated from T-lymphoma cells (P1798).
AB  - A non-ionic detergent-resistant complex of membrane-associated proteins and cell
      surface glycoproteins has been isolated by gel filtration and isopyknic
      centrifugation of purified plasma membranes from the murine T-lymphoma P 1798.
      This complex elutes as a high molecular weight peak (greater than 15 X 10(6) D)
      and contains two specific sets of (1) cell-surface glycoproteins; (2) membrane
      associated proteins. The cell-surface glycoproteins consist of two vectorially
      labelled major components present in a fixed molar ratio: The Thy-1 glycoprotein
      and a non-H-2 glycoprotein of 55 kD. Minor but significant amounts of the class I
      histocompatibility antigen Qa-2 are also contained in the detergent-resistant
      complex. The membrane-associated proteins are not vectorially labelled, and form
      a complex group of proteins in the 30-70 kD range. Since actin is not detectable
      among these polypeptides, they probably constitute a plasma membrane-associated
      structure that is distinct from actin-containing, submembranous cytoskeletal
      elements.

PMID- 3871192
TI  - Calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive sensory and motor nerves of the
      rat, cat, and monkey esophagus.
AB  - In the mammalian esophagus calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive
      nerves form abundant subepithelial plexuses and penetrate the mucosa. The levels
      of extractable CGRP in separated epithelial layers are 15.8 +/- 2.4 pmol/g wet wt
      of tissue (n = 8, mean +/- SEM). Treatment of neonatal rats with capsaicin and
      ablation of the central portion of the feline nodose ganglion led to a marked
      reduction in the numbers of CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers. The loss of CGRP
      nerves demonstrated by immunocytochemistry was accompanied by a parallel
      reduction in the tissue content of CGRP, as measured by radioimmunoassay (1.5 +/-
      0.5 pmol/g in capsaicin-treated animals compared with 9.4 +/- 1.9 pmol/g in
      vehicle-treated controls; p less than 0.0025). These findings indicate the
      sensory nature of the CGRP-immunoreactive nerves. Substance P-immunoreactive
      nerve fibers innervated in particular the blood vessels of the lamina propria;
      very few penetrated the esophageal epithelium and these were only partially
      depleted after removal of the central portion of the nodose ganglion. The
      esophageal muscle contained nerves immunoreactive for substance P and, in
      particular, for CGRP which was also found in the motor end plates of the striated
      muscle. No changes in the CGRP-containing motor end plates were observed either
      after treatment of neonatal rats with capsaicin or ablation of cell bodies from
      the central portion of the nodose ganglion. These nerve fibers may originate from
      rostral areas of the nucleus ambiguus, where CGRP-immunoreactive motor neurons
      have previously been described. Thus, our findings reveal dual components, motor
      and sensory, of the CGRP-containing innervation of the esophagus.

PMID- 3871193
TI  - Central nervous system actions of calcitonin gene-related peptide on gastric acid
      secretion in the rat.
AB  - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and its messenger ribonucleic acid have
      been identified in brain regions that participate in the central nervous system
      regulation of gastrointestinal functions. The purpose of this study was to
      determine the central nervous system effect of CGRP on gastric acid secretion and
      to delineate the mechanism(s) of its action. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (1
      pmol-1 nmol) injected intracerebroventricularly inhibited gastric acid secretion
      in awake, freely moving, pylorus-ligated rats and the secretory response after
      intracerebroventricularly administered thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Calcitonin
      gene-related peptide (rat) and calcitonin (salmon) inhibited gastric secretion
      similarly. Calcitonin gene-related peptide given intracerebroventricularly
      inhibited gastric acid secretion stimulated by pentagastrin, histamine, or
      bethanecol for 2 h in anesthetized rats. Adrenalectomy or noradrenergic blockade
      with bretylium tosylate did not affect the gastric inhibitory action of CGRP.
      After subdiaphragmatic truncal vagotomy, CGRP did not exhibit the inhibitory
      effect on gastric acid secretion stimulated by pentagastrin. These studies
      indicate that CGRP injected intracerebroventricularly is a potent inhibitor of
      gastric acid secretion in the rat. Calcitonin gene-related peptide decreases
      gastric secretion stimulated centrally by thyrotropin-releasing hormone and
      peripherally by pentagastrin, histamine, or bethanecol. Inhibition of gastric
      acid secretion by CGRP is not mediated by the sympathetic nervous system but may
      depend on intact vagus nerves.

PMID- 3871194
TI  - Intraepithelial lymphocytes of human gut: isolation, characterisation and study
      of natural killer activity.
AB  - A method using a mechanical procedure for isolation of lymphocytes from the
      epithelium of human intestinal mucosa allows the study of some of their
      characteristics and functions. Most of the isolated cells are of the T lineage
      (E+ and T3+) and express the phenotype associated with cytotoxic-suppressor T
      cells (T8). A large number contain intracytoplasmic granules. Granules are
      stained with alcian blue (pH 2.2), are metachromatic with Toluidine blue (pH 4)
      and some are shown to incorporate 35sulphate, suggesting that they contain
      sulphated mucopolysaccharides. As these cells are similar in many respects to the
      large granular lymphocytes that mediate natural killer activity in the peripheral
      blood, their natural cytotoxicity was tested against K 562 target cells. No
      activity was detected among the human intraepithelial lymphocytes and treatments
      with known potentiators of natural killer activity, ie, interferon or PHA
      depleted conditioned medium containing Il-2, failed to reveal any cytotoxic
      activity.

PMID- 3871195
TI  - Decreased protective efficacy of reduced and alkylated human immune serum
      globulin in experimental infection with Haemophilus influenzae type b.
AB  - Conventionally prepared immune serum globulin frequently produces severe side
      effects when administered intravenously. A modified preparation in which 4 to 5
      interchain disulfide bonds have been reduced and alkylated has been made for
      intravenous use. However, reduction and alkylation may affect Fc-mediated
      functions of immunoglobulin G, particularly its ability to fix complement by the
      classical pathway. To determine whether reduction and alkylation alters the
      protective activity of immune serum globulin in vivo we compared it with two less
      harshly prepared globulins (pH 4 treated or ultrafiltered) in an infant rat model
      of Haemophilus influenzae b infection. Antibody binding to the capsular and
      noncapsular components of H. influenzae b and in vitro bactericidal activity were
      similar in the globulin preparations. Infant rats were treated with various doses
      of globulins adjusted to provide identical concentrations of anticapsular
      antibodies as measured by the Farr radioactive antigen binding assay. At high
      doses of anticapsular antibody (greater than 1,500 ng per pup), all preparations
      protected well. At marginal doses (750 ng per pup), however, rats given reduced
      and alkylated globulin had a significantly greater incidence of bacteremia (P
      less than 0.05), meningitis (P less than 0.01), and death (P less than 0.05) and
      a higher magnitude of bacteremia (P less than 0.02) than rats who received pH4
      treated or ultrafiltered globulins. These differences were not due to differences
      in anticapsular antibody concentrations achieved in the serum. The 50% protective
      serum concentrations of anticapsular antibody in this model were 200 to 300 ng/ml
      for reduced and alkylated globulin and 100 to 200 ng/ml for acid-treated
      globulin. Absorption of the globulins with purified H. influenzae b capsule
      reduced in vitro bactericidal activity and rat protective activity. However, the
      magnitude of bacteremia was lower in rats receiving absorbed pH 4-treated
      globulin than in those receiving absorbed reduced and alkylated globulin (P less
      than 0.05). We conclude that reduced and alkylated immunoglobulin G provides
      significantly less protective activity against H. influenzae b infection in this
      model than globulins not so modified, and we suggest that the altered Fc function
      of the immunoglobulin G, such as the decreased ability to fix complement by the
      classical pathway or decreased Fc-mediated opsonization, may be responsible for
      this impairment.

PMID- 3871196
TI  - Activation of rat B lymphocytes by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.
AB  - We examined the lymphoproliferative responses of cervical lymphocytes and
      splenocytes of homozygous (rnu/rnu) congenitally athymic nude and normal
      heterozygous (rnu/+) Rowett rats to whole cells of Actinobacillus
      actinomycetemcomitans, a suspected periodontal disease pathogen. Previously
      sensitized cells from immunized only, infected only, or immunized and infected,
      normal rats demonstrated proliferation in response to formalinized A.
      actinomycetemcomitans, but cells from nude rats did not proliferate. The maximum
      antigenic response was observed at day 5 of culture. A. actinomycetemcomitans
      caused cervical lymphocytes and splenocytes from untreated naive normal and nude
      rats to undergo increased DNA synthesis at day 2 of culture. Highly enriched
      nonsensitized spleen T cells prepared on a nylon wool column did not respond to
      A. actinomycetemcomitans, whereas enriched nonsensitized B cells proliferated.
      Differences in response were probably not attributable to contributions from
      macrophages in the T- or B-cell populations, since macrophage percentages were
      approximately the same in both preparations. T-cell reconstitution of nude rats
      with neonatal thymus cells from rnu/+rats resulted in partial recovery of T-cell
      function but had no effect on the mitogenic response to A. actinomycetemcomitans.
      It is suggested that the antigenic responses to A. actinomycetemcomitans are
      dependent on T cells and that A. actinomycetemcomitans cells have mitogenic
      activity for B cells. The potential importance of these findings in periodontal
      disease is discussed.

PMID- 3871197
TI  - Mechanism of androgen-receptor augmentation. Analysis of receptor synthesis and
      degradation by the density-shift technique.
AB  - The ductus deferens smooth muscle tumor cell line (DDT1MF-2) contains receptors
      for, and is stimulated by, androgens. Cells cultured in the absence of androgens
      maintain a basal level of androgen receptors. Following incubation with various
      concentrations of the synthetic androgen methyltrienolone (R1881) for 1-6 h, the
      concentration of these receptors increased from 6.0 to 12.2 fmol/micrograms of
      DNA, while the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.5 nM for this steroid
      remained unchanged. The steroid-induced increase in androgen receptor levels was
      specific for androgens and dependent upon protein synthesis. The mechanism of
      receptor augmentation was examined by utilization of isotopically dense amino
      acids to determine rates of receptor appearance and degradation in the presence
      or absence of [3H]R1881. In the absence of androgens, the half-life of the
      androgen receptor was 3.1 h, with a rate constant (kD) of 0.22/h. In the presence
      of 1 nM [3H]R1881, however, the half-life was 6.6 h, with kD = 0.11/h. The rate
      constant for receptor synthesis (ks) in the absence or presence of [3H]R1881 was
      calculated to be 1.35 and 2.23 fmol/micrograms of DNA/h, respectively. Thus,
      androgen-induced androgen-receptor augmentation is explained by an increase both
      in receptor half-life and in rates of receptor synthesis.

PMID- 3871198
TI  - Inhibition of macrophage phagocytosis by methylation inhibitors. Lack of
      correlation of protein carboxymethylation and phospholipid methylation with
      phagocytosis.
AB  - Adenosine (Ado), deoxyadenosine (dAdo), and adenine arabinoside (AraA) inhibit
      the phagocytosis of IgG-coated erythrocytes and zymosan by resident and
      thioglycollate-elicited macrophages (thio-macrophages) in a dose-dependent and
      reversible manner. 3-Deazaadenosine (3cAdo) and adenine (Ade) also inhibit the
      phagocytosis by resident macrophages. Homocysteine thiolactonate (Hcy)
      potentiates the inhibition by Ado and 3cAdo while erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3
      nonyl)adenine (EHNA) potentiates the inhibition by Ado, dAdo and AraA. This
      inhibition has a very rapid onset and the drugs do not interfere with the binding
      of IgG-coated erythrocytes to macrophages. The combination of Ado, Hcy and EHNA
      does not appreciably affect the intracellular level of ATP and S-adenosyl-L
      methionine (AdoMet) in thio-macrophages but causes accumulations of Ado and S
      adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy) up to 135 and 145 nmol/mg of protein,
      respectively. During phagocytosis reversal, Ado is metabolized within 15 min
      while AdoHcy decreases log-arithmically with a half-life of 50 min.
      Carboxymethylation and phospholipid methylation, however, resume about 60-90 min
      after phagocytosis has recovered, and thus cannot function as transmembrane
      signals for phagocytosis. Other evidence showing the lack of correlation between
      phagocytosis and carboxymethylation inhibition include 1) Ado + Hcy inhibit
      carboxymethylation much better than Ado + EHNA (91 versus 75%) in thio
      macrophage, but the two combinations show comparable phagocytosis inhibition
      potency; 2) Ado + Hcy inhibit carboxymethylation almost as well as Ado + Hcy +
      EHNA, but the latter is a much more effective drug combination for phagocytosis
      inhibition; 3) Ade and 3cAdo, although inhibiting resident macrophage
      phagocytosis as well as Ado + EHNA + Hcy, are much weaker carboxymethylation
      inhibitors; 4) dAdo and AraA potently inhibit phagocytosis but not
      carboxymethylation. The difference in the apparent methylation levels is not due
      to changes in the specific activities of AdoMet, which decrease with a half-life
      of 88 min. Interestingly, after the initial lag phase of about 90 min after the
      initiation of inhibition reversal, carboxymethylation and phagocytosis increase
      in parallel. In a log-log plot of carboxymethylation, phospholipid methylation,
      or phagocytosis versus the intracellular AdoHcy accumulation, a linear
      relationship is obtained. It is possible that AdoHcy accumulation is responsible
      for phagocytosis inhibition but inhibits by a mechanism other than interfering
      with protein and lipid methylations.

PMID- 3871199
TI  - Immunoglobulins in the hyperimmunoglobulin E and recurrent infection (Job's)
      syndrome. Deficiency of anti-Staphylococcus aureus immunoglobulin A.
AB  - Patients with the hyperimmunoglobulin E and recurrent infection syndrome (HIE)
      characteristically have frequent skin and respiratory infections caused by
      Staphylococcus aureus. We have developed a set of enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assays that use whole S. aureus (Wood's strain) immobilized on 0.22-micrometers
      filters and highly specific, affinity-purified enzyme conjugates of goat anti
      human IgE, anti-human IgD, anti-human IgG, anti-human IgA, and anti-human IgM.
      These reagents were used to determine S. aureus-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)
      levels. As previously published, 10 patients with HIE had markedly higher levels
      of anti-S. aureus IgE than did 5 patients with eczema and recurrent superficial
      S. aureus infections (P less than 0.001). The HIE patients were also found to
      have a deficit of anti-S. aureus serum IgA as compared with 12 normal subjects,
      12 patients with chronic granulomatous disease, 5 patients with chronic eczema
      and recurrent superficial S. aureus infections, and 3 patients with the Chediak
      Higashi syndrome (P less than 0.01 for each comparison). In addition the HIE
      patients had an excess of anti-S. aureus IgM as compared with normal subjects (P
      less than 0.01). An expected excess of anti-S. aureus IgG was absent. These
      abnormalities cannot be explained by variations of total serum Ig levels or by a
      general inability to produce antigen-specific IgA because levels of naturally
      occurring IgA antibody against Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and the
      antigens of the pneumococcal vaccine are normal. Parotid saliva from patients
      with HIE contained less salivary IgA per milligram of protein (P less than 0.01)
      and less salivary anti-S. aureus IgA per milligram of protein (P less than 0.05)
      than did normal controls. The incidence of infection at mucosal surfaces and
      adjacent lymph nodes correlated inversely with serum anti-S. aureus IgA (r = 
      0.647, P = 0.034), serum anti-S. aureus IgE (r = -0.731, P = 0.016), total serum
      IgE (r = -0.714, P = 0.020), and total serum IgD (r = -0.597, P = 0.049). These
      findings are evidence of a previously undescribed immunoregulatory defect in
      patients with HIE, which may contribute to the increased susceptibility to
      infection in this syndrome.

PMID- 3871201
TI  - Fab-mediated binding of drug-dependent antibodies to platelets in quinidine- and
      quinine-induced thrombocytopenia.
AB  - Platelets coated with quinine- or quinidine-induced antibodies form rosettes
      around protein A-Sepharose beads and normal platelets form rosettes about protein
      A-Sepharose beads coated with these antibodies. These reactions occurred only in
      the presence of sensitizing drug. Platelets also formed rosettes about protein A
      Sepharose beads coated with an anti-PIA1 antibody, but drug was not required.
      Formation of rosettes between antibody-coated platelets and protein A-Sepharose
      was inhibited by F(ab')2 fragments of goat antibody specific for the Fc portion
      of human IgG, while rosette formation between antibody-coated protein A-Sepharose
      and platelets was inhibited by F(ab')2 fragments directed against the F(ab')2
      portion of the IgG molecule. Since binding of IgG to protein A is known to occur
      via the Fc region, these findings suggest that binding of drug-induced antibodies
      to platelets occurs at the Fab domains of the IgG molecule.

PMID- 3871200
TI  - Enhanced alveolar macrophage-mediated antigen-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation
      in sarcoidosis.
AB  - Expansion of T-lymphocyte numbers is a characteristic feature of the alveolitis
      of pulmonary sarcoidosis. One mechanism that may influence the numbers of T
      lymphocytes in the lung is the process of antigen presentation in which alveolar
      macrophages, in the presence of antigen, induce T-lymphocytes to replicate. To
      evaluate this process in sarcoidosis, alveolar macrophages were obtained by
      bronchoalveolar lavage, pulsed with tetanus toxoid, and co-cultured with purified
      autologous T cells. Strikingly, antigen-pulsed alveolar macrophages from sarcoid
      patients induced more than a twofold increase in autologous T-lymphocyte
      proliferation compared with the response seen using cells from normal or patients
      with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (P less than 0.001), all comparisons). In
      contrast, when monocytes were used as the antigen presenting cell, no significant
      differences were observed in T cell proliferation induced by antigen among the
      three groups. The enhanced T-lymphocyte proliferation induced by sarcoid alveolar
      macrophages was not dependent on the compartment from which the T cells were
      derived, and was independent of the specific antigen used. One possible
      explanation for augmented antigen presentation seen in sarcoid is that an
      increased percentage of sarcoid alveolar macrophages express HLA-DR or HLA-DS
      surface antigens. However, most normal and sarcoid alveolar macrophages express
      HLA-DR and HLA-DS surface antigens, and the percentage of macrophages expressing
      these antigens was not significantly different in the two groups. Thus, while the
      mechanisms of the enhanced antigen presentation in the sarcoid lung are unknown,
      the process of antigen-driven, alveolar macrophage-modulated lung T cell
      proliferation may explain, at least in part, the expansion of lung T-lymphocyte
      numbers that characterizes this disease.

PMID- 3871203
TI  - Positron computed tomography and its applications in the young.
AB  - Positron computed tomography is a new method for the external quantification of
      regional myocardial blood flow, substrate fluxes and biochemical reaction rates.
      It takes advantage of positron emitting tracers, metabolically active tracers,
      tracer kinetic principles and the quantitative imaging capabilities of the
      tomograph. To date, the technique has been used primarily for the study of
      ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathies in adults. However, initial studies
      in infants and adolescents with regional cardiomyopathies provide evidence for
      its potential value in detecting disease at the biochemical level or at a stage
      that antedates clinical manifestations and cardiac dysfunction. Positron computed
      tomography is likely to contribute to our understanding of metabolic
      abnormalities associated with cyanotic or congenital heart disease and of the
      heart's maturation, and may become useful for optimal timing of corrective
      surgery. It allows the study of intrinsic myocardial disease in children,
      clarification of disease mechanisms and diagnosis of congenital metabolic
      disorders. It also might become useful for detecting disease when it is still
      confined to biochemical derangements and permit institution of therapy that may
      halt progression or even reversal of disease before irreversible morphologic
      changes develop. The high cost of equipment purchase and operation has precluded
      widespread use, but new technologic developments may make it possible to perform
      these studies at a cost comparable with that of other noninvasive procedures.
      Positron computed tomography may then become available as a routine diagnostic
      tool for studying pediatric cardiac disorders.

PMID- 3871202
TI  - Characterization of the clotting activities of structurally different forms of
      activated factor IX. Enzymatic properties of normal human factor IXa alpha,
      factor IXa beta, and activated factor IX Chapel Hill.
AB  - Two structurally different forms of activated human Factor IX (Factor IXa alpha
      and IXa beta) have been previously reported to have essentially identical
      clotting activity in vitro. Although it has been shown that activated Factor IX
      Chapel Hill, an abnormal Factor IX isolated from the plasma of a patient with
      mild hemophilia B, and normal Factor IXa alpha are structurally very similar, the
      clotting activity of activated Factor IX Chapel Hill is much lower (approximately
      fivefold) than that of normal Factor IXa beta. In the present study we have
      prepared activated Factor IX by incubating human Factor IX with calcium and
      Russell's viper venom covalently bound to agarose. Fractionation of the activated
      Factor IX by high-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated the presence of
      both Factors IXa alpha and IXa beta. On the basis of active site concentration,
      determined by titration with antithrombin III, the clotting activities of
      activated Factor IX Chapel Hill and IXa alpha were similar, but both activities
      were less than 20% of the clotting activity of Factor IXa beta. Activated Factor
      IX activity was also measured in the absence of calcium, phospholipid, and Factor
      VIII, by determination of the rate of Factor X activation in the presence of
      polylysine. In the presence of polylysine, the rates of Factor X activation by
      activated Factor IX Chapel Hill, Factor IXa alpha, and Factor IXa beta were
      essentially identical. We conclude that the clotting activity of activated Factor
      IX Chapel Hill is reduced when compared with that of Factor IXa beta but
      essentially normal when compared with that of Factor IXa alpha.

PMID- 3871204
TI  - An empirical test for phases of retirement: findings from the Normative Aging
      Study.
AB  - Although gerontologists have shown considerable interest in describing possible
      phases of retirement, the temporal course of retirement experience remains
      largely unspecified. This study of 293 male retirees from the Normative Aging
      Study used cross-sectional data to compare levels of life satisfaction and
      lesiure activities across 6-month time intervals within the first 3 years after
      retirement. Regression models were used to test the hypothesis that men retired 0
      to 6 months differed from men retired for longer periods. Findings showed that,
      compared with these recent retirees, men retired 13 to 18 months had lower levels
      of overall life satisfaction and self-perceived involvement in physical
      activities. Analyses of the constituents of life satisfaction showed greater
      optimism and future orientation among recent retirees and a comparative deficit
      at 13 to 18 months. These findings support an interpretation that the immediate
      postretirement period is marked by more enthusiasm and that some degree of
      temporary letdown or dysphoria is likely during the second year of retirement.

PMID- 3871205
TI  - Partial purification and biochemical characterization of a T cell suppressor
      factor produced by human glioblastoma cells.
AB  - The human glioblastoma cell line 308 constitutively secretes a soluble factor
      with biologic and biochemical characteristics of human monocyte-derived
      interleukin 1 (IL 1). The 308 cells also produce a 97,000 m.w. factor that
      inhibits the effects of IL 1 and interleukin 2 (IL 2) on T lymphocytes. By using
      sequential chromatography on Blue Affigel, hydroxyapatite, and Ultrogel AcA54,
      the inhibitory factor, termed glioblastoma-derived T cell suppressor factor (G
      TsF), was separated from IL 1 and purified 2000-fold with respect to the protein
      present in the crude 308 cell supernatant. This G-TsF preparation was sensitive
      to tryptic proteolysis, showed a peak of pI 4.6 on isoelectric focusing, and when
      labeled with 125I, revealed six protein bands in the range of 30 to 100 kdaltons
      on SDS gel.

PMID- 3871206
TI  - Shared idiotypy between phosphorylcholine-specific antibody and
      acetylcholinesterase detectable by a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to detect structural similarities between immunoglobulins
      and other proteins that bind to choline-containing ligands. Such proteins may
      share serologically detectable determinants that may not be predicted from the
      amino acid sequence alone. A monoclonal antibody was used that recognizes an
      idiotope near the phosphorylcholine binding site of the IgA myeloma TEPC15. This
      monoclonal anti-TEPC15 idiotopic antibody (anti-Id) also bound the enzyme
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as well as the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from
      Torpedo californica. The anti-Id antibody also significantly decreased the AChE
      catalytic activity but did not affect the activity of an unrelated enzyme,
      horseradish peroxidase. These findings suggest that nonimmunoglobulin molecules
      share antigenic determinants with immunoglobulin that are associated with binding
      to structurally related ligands, and immune regulation may inadvertently affect
      the function of nonimmune systems.

PMID- 3871207
TI  - Microvascular effects of anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a.
AB  - The direct microvascular effects of human C3a and C5a were investigated by using
      hamster cheek pouches prepared for intravital microscopy. Topical application of
      10 nM C3a resulted in pronounced microcirculatory alterations, characterized by
      vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and an increase in macromolecular leakage
      at postcapillary venules, as assessed by extravasation of intravascular
      fluorescein-labeled dextran (m.w. 150,000). Exposure of the preparation to 500 nM
      COOH-terminal octapeptide analogs of C3a resulted in a microvascular response
      almost identical to that of C3a, supporting the view that the active site of this
      anaphylatoxin resided within the COOH-terminal portion. Changes similar to those
      caused by C3a were also induced by 20 or 100 nM C5a and, in addition, the higher
      concentration of C5a caused accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL)
      in small venules and somewhat prolonged vascular leakage from venules exhibiting
      PMNL accumulation. Histamine was found to partially mediate the vascular leakage
      induced by C3a and the initial (first 5 min) permeability response to the high
      concentration of C5a, whereas the subsequent leakage induced by the latter
      anaphylatoxin was unaffected by mepyramine pretreatment. In neutropenic and
      mepyramine-treated animals exposed to the high concentration of C5a, a partial
      reduction of both the early and the subsequent vascular leakage was seen,
      indicating that accumulated PMNL play a role in the prolonged phase of leakage.
      The pronounced microvascular alterations induced by low concentrations of C3a and
      C5a strengthen the view that these anaphylatoxins act as mediators of
      inflammatory reactions in which the complement system is activated.

PMID- 3871208
TI  - Depletion of NK cells with the lysosomotropic agent L-leucine methyl ester and
      the in vitro generation of NK activity from NK precursor cells.
AB  - Human natural killer (NK) cell activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) is
      totally inhibited by pretreatment of the effector cells with a lysosomotropic
      agent, L-leucine methyl ester (LeuOMe). This treatment specifically eliminates
      cells expressing the NK cell markers HNK-1, OKM1, B73.1, or Leu-11b, but has
      minimal effect on viability of cells with T cell markers Leu-1, OKT3, Leu-2a, or
      Leu-3a. LeuOMe also drastically decreased the proportion of K562 target-binding
      lymphocytes among PBL. PBL pretreated with LeuOMe respond normally in thymidine
      uptake to stimulation by phytohemagglutinin or allogeneic lymphocytes as long as
      irradiated autologous accessory cells are provided, indicating that the treatment
      is not toxic to T cells. NK activity can be regenerated in the NK cell-depleted
      PBL population by incubation with IL 2 or by mixed lymphocyte cultures, but not
      by alpha-interferon. Cells responsible for regeneration of such NK activity are
      probably large agranular lymphocytes, because they are resistant to LeuOMe
      treatment but have the same low buoyant density as NK cells in Percoll density
      gradient separation. The in vitro-generated NK is still sensitive to LeuOMe
      inhibition, but a higher concentration of the reagent is required to achieve
      total inhibition of the activity.

PMID- 3871209
TI  - A role for mast cells and the vasoactive amine serotonin in T cell-dependent
      immunity to tumors.
AB  - The involvement of mast cells in anti-tumor resistance was studied by employing 2
      strains of mast cell deficient but otherwise immunocompetent mice on a C57BL/6 (H
      2b) background (W/Wv and Sl/Sld) and their respective normal +/+ littermate
      controls. Sensitization of control mice with irradiated semisyngeneic B16
      melanoma cells (H-2b) resulted in protection against subsequent challenge with
      viable B16 cells, in contrast to sensitization of either W/Wv or Sl/Sld mice. The
      involvement of serotonin in antitumor resistance was studied by employing 2
      serotonin active drugs: reserpine, that depletes mast cells of serotonin; and
      methysergide, a serotonin antagonist. Sensitization of BDF1 mice with irradiated
      B16 cells and sensitization of DBA/2 mice (H-2d) with irradiated SL2 cells (H-2d)
      resulted in protection against subsequent challenge with viable B16 cells and
      viable SL2 cells, respectively. Treatment with either reserpine or methysergide
      resulted in a decreased protection. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) footpad
      responses to allogeneic L5178Y (H-2d) tumor cells in C57BL/6 mice showed a
      biphasic reaction pattern, similar to that found in DTH responses to simple
      reactive haptens, such as picryl chloride. Moreover, the early swelling responses
      were also dependent on T cells and on mast cells. BDF1 mice carrying a
      semisyngeneic L5178Y tumor on the chest showed an early swelling response after
      footpad challenge but no late response, possibly indicating that selective down
      regulation of the late component of DTH was associated with progressive tumor
      growth in these animals. The biphasic patterns of DTH to both tumor cells and
      picryl chloride and the T cell and mast cell dependence of both antitumor
      resistance and DTH to tumor cells suggest that T cell-dependent activation of
      mast cells to allow entry of mononuclear leukocytes into sites of tumor growth is
      similar to the mechanism that occurs in DTH.

PMID- 3871210
TI  - Lymphokine-activated tumor inhibition in vivo. I. The local administration of
      interleukin 2 triggers nonreactive lymphocytes from tumor-bearing mice to inhibit
      tumor growth.
AB  - CE-2 is a chemically induced tumor of low immunogenicity in syngeneic BALB/c
      mice. Nylon wool columns eluting lymphocytes from the spleen of mice bearing
      clinically evident (5-mm mean diameter) CE-2 tumors (CE-2 TB lymphocytes) do not
      react with CE-2 cells in vitro, nor are they able to affect their growth in vivo
      in a Winn-type neutralization assay at 5:1 lymphocyte:tumor cell ratio. However,
      they become able to inhibit CE-2 tumor growth when 20 U of interleukin 2 (IL 2)
      in 0.4 ml are injected daily for 10 days at the challenge site. In contrast, mice
      injected with CE-2 cells and IL 2 only display tumor takes and growth that are
      not significantly different from those in controls challenged with CE-2 cells
      alone. This lymphokine-activated tumor inhibition (LATI) is not a peculiarity of
      the CE-2 tumor-host combination, because different tumors can be inhibited in
      this way and various TB lymphocytes can initiate it. In these experiments, IL 2
      rich 25,000 to 30,000 m.w. fractions were obtained routinely from the culture
      supernatants of a clone of EL-4 thymoma stimulated with phorbol myristic acetate.
      Equally active IL 2-rich preparations were obtained from rat spleen cells
      stimulated with concanavalin A, or from MLA 144 gibbon lymphosarcoma
      spontaneously releasing IL 2. Treatment of CE-2 TB lymphocytes with various
      antibody and C, with 2000 rad gamma-irradiation, or fractionation on Percoll
      density gradients suggested that radioresistant functions of Thy-1.2+, Lyt-1.2+,
      Lyt-2.2- and of asialo GM1+ cells are independently involved in LATI induction.
      These lymphocytes inhibit tumor growth by recruiting the radiosensitive effector
      mechanisms of the recipient mice required for ultimate tumor destruction. CE-2
      tumor inhibition by LATI leaves a specific delayed-type hypersensitivity and an
      immunologic memory, resulting in rejection of a second lethal CE-2 challenge in a
      significant number of mice.

PMID- 3871211
TI  - The antigen receptor on a human T cell line initiates activation by increasing
      cytoplasmic free calcium.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody to the antigen-receptor on the T cell line Jurkat induces
      substantial increases in [Ca++]i. Ca++ ionophores can substitute for this
      antibody in activation by increasing [Ca++]i to levels comparable with those seen
      with the antigen-receptor antibody. Stimulation with either the antigen-receptor
      antibody or a Ca++ ionophore leads to the appearance of the same phosphoproteins.
      These results suggest that the antigen-receptor initiates T cell activation by
      increasing [Ca++]i.

PMID- 3871212
TI  - Production of an endogenous pyrogen by glomerular mesangial cells.

PMID- 3871213
TI  - Cell-mediated T lymphocyte responses against syngeneic cells modified with amino
      reactive hapten (AED-NH2): H-2Dk serves as an element for cell-mediated
      lympholysis to amino-reactive hapten (AED-NH2)-modified self.
AB  - Spleen cells from C3H/He mice immunized to the newly synthesized amino-reactive
      hapten, 5-sulfo-1-naphthoxy acetic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide (AED-NH2), were
      stimulated in vitro with AED-NH2 modified syngeneic cells. After 5 days of
      culture, effector cells were assayed for their cytotoxic activity against AED-NH2
      modified target blast cells. In contrast to other amino-reactive haptens reported
      so far, a strong cytotoxic activity against AED-NH2-modified syngeneic cells was
      found in H-2b mice as well as in H-2k mice. Furthermore, Dk-restricted anti-AED
      NH2 CTL recognition was observed in H-2k mice as shown by cold target inhibition.
      Previous studies have demonstrated the predominant influence of K over D region
      self determinants, and of the chemical reactivity of the haptenic reagent in Ir
      gene control of CTL response to hapten-self. The present report illustrates the
      importance of the hapten itself in genetic regulation of these CTL responses.

PMID- 3871214
TI  - Cell cycle-related expression of the receptor for a B cell differentiation
      factor.
AB  - Cloned, neoplastic B cells (BCL1) have been used to evaluate the expression of
      the receptor for the B cell differentiation factor, BCDF mu. These cells do not
      secrete IgM before stimulation with BCDF mu-containing T cell supernatants (SN).
      By inducing cell cycle synchrony in this homogeneous population, the expression
      of the BCDF mu receptor could be evaluated as a function of the cell cycle.
      Responsiveness to BCDF mu-containing SN is maximal when the cells are in S and G2
      phases of the cell cycle, and a 2-hr exposure of cells to BCDF mu-containing SN
      during S/G2 results in optimal IgM secretion 5 days later. Cells in S/G2 are also
      maximally effective in absorbing BCDF mu activity from SN. These data support the
      hypothesis that B cells do not respond to differentiative signals until after
      they are committed to at least one round of cell division.

PMID- 3871215
TI  - Influence of genotypes at a non-MHC B lymphocyte alloantigen locus (Bu-1) on
      expression of Ia (B-L) antigen on chicken bursal lymphocytes.
AB  - Two inbred lines of chickens known to be identical at the MHC differ in their
      expression of Ia antigen on cells of the bursa. Line 6 bursas had 23% of
      intensely staining Ia+ cells while line 7 bursas had a much higher level, 85%.
      Studies of F4 progeny of line 6(3) X 100 crosses showed that genetic control of
      the high bursal proportion of Ia+ cells was determined by the Bu-1 alloantigen
      system. Line 100 is identical to line 7 for the lymphocyte alloantigens
      identified by the T and B cell reagents used in this study. Tests of F4
      heterozygotes at the Bu-1 locus show a dominant effect of the Bu-1b gene in
      control of a high proportion of strongly staining Ia+ cells in the bursa.

PMID- 3871216
TI  - Recombinant interleukin 2 enhanced natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity in
      human lymphocyte subpopulations expressing the Leu 7 and Leu 11 antigens.
AB  - Highly purified recombinant human interleukin 2 (rIL 2) markedly augments the
      natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity of peripheral blood lymphocytes.
      In this study, we examined the cellular and metabolic basis of rIL 2-mediated
      activation of human lymphocyte subpopulations expressing the NK cell-associated
      surface antigens Leu 7 and Leu 11. All rIL 2-responsive cytotoxic NK cells were
      found within the subset of lymphocytes expressing the Leu 11 marker, an antigen
      associated with the Fc-IgG receptor on human NK cells. Cells lacking the Leu 11
      antigen, including cells expressing another NK cell-associated marker, Leu 7, did
      not express NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity either before or after rIL 2 treatment.
      By contrast, rIL 2 augmented the NK activity of both Leu7-,11+ and Leu 7+,11+
      subpopulations. Activation of Leu 11+ NK cells resulted from a direct effect of
      rIL 2 on these cells and neither required nor was amplified by the presence of T
      lymphocytes. Enhanced NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity occurred within 4 hr after
      exposure to rIL 2, and was blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor
      cyclohexamide, but not by the DNA synthesis inhibitor mitomycin C or 1500 rad of
      x-irradiation. Neither Tac antigen, a high-affinity receptor for IL 2, nor other
      activation markers, such as transferrin receptor or HLA-DR antigen, were
      detectable on a significant proportion of Leu 11+ cells, either before or after
      incubation with rIL 2 for 48 hr. In addition, saturating concentrations of
      antibodies to each of these markers had no effect on the enhancement of NK
      activity by rIL 2. Finally, preliminary experiments with neutralizing antibodies
      to gamma- and alpha-interferons also failed to prevent rIL 2 enhancement of NK
      cell-mediated cytotoxicity, suggesting that rIL 2 does not mediate its effect via
      release of these cytokines.

PMID- 3871217
TI  - Synergistic effect of concanavalin A and Bu-WSA on DNA synthesis in human
      peripheral blood lymphocytes.
AB  - Butanol-extracted water soluble adjuvant (Bu-WSA) obtained from Bacterionema
      matruchotii was not mitogenic for human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM)
      but was capable of enhancing (3H) thymidine uptake of T cells stimulated by
      concanavalin A (Con A) in the presence of B cells or macrophages (M phi) in
      vitro. The mechanisms of the synergy of Con A and Bu-WSA were studied by using
      separated cell populations from PBM. Both subfractioned OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells
      were responsive to co-stimulation by Con A and Bu-WSA in the presence of an
      accessory cell population. Allogeneic B cells and M phi as well as autologous
      cells had helper function as accessory cells. Heavy irradiation with gamma-rays
      did not affect the function of the accessory cells, but previous treatment of B
      cells with anti-Ig serum plus complement (C) or treatment of M phi with anti-M
      phi serum plus C deprived them of their function. The treatment of accessory
      cells with anti-HLA-DR serum, regardless of the presence or absence of C,
      resulted in loss of their helper function. Cultures in Marbrook-type vessels
      showed that a mixed cell population of T cells and accessory cells in the lower
      chamber produced some active factor(s) after co-stimulation with Con A and Bu
      WSA, and by passing through the membrane filter separating the chambers, the
      factor(s) enhanced the proliferation of the Con A-activated T cell population in
      the upper chamber. The factor(s) was presumed to be interleukin 2 (IL 2), because
      it supported the growth of IL 2-dependent CTLL cells. These results indicate that
      the synergy of Con A and Bu-WSA on the proliferative response of human PBM is due
      to the elevation of growth factor production from T cells stimulated by those
      mitogens.

PMID- 3871218
TI  - Treatment of murine lupus with monoclonal anti-T cell antibody.
AB  - Three strains of autoimmune mice (MRL/lpr, NZB/NZW, and BXSB) were treated with
      repeated injections of rat monoclonal anti-T cell antibody (anti-Thy-1.2) in
      order to determine 1) the extent and duration of target cell depletion, 2) the
      effect of T cell depletion on the course of autoimmunity, and 3) the magnitude
      and consequences of the host immune response to the monoclonal antibody. Mice
      were treated with 6 mg of anti-Thy-1.2 every 2 wk beginning early in their
      disease. Treatment produced a substantial reduction in circulating T cells in all
      three strains. Therapy was beneficial in MRL/lpr mice. It reduced
      lymphadenopathy, lowered autoantibody concentrations, retarded renal disease, and
      prolonged life. In contrast, treatment did not improve autoimmunity in NZB/NZW
      mice, and it caused fatal anaphylaxis in BXSB mice. These findings demonstrate
      that monoclonal antilymphocyte antibodies can serve as specific probes to examine
      the cells that contribute to autoimmunity. Moreover, they illustrate the
      potential therapeutic value of monoclonal antilymphocyte antibodies when a
      pathogeneic cell subset can be identified. However, the same antibody may have a
      broad range of effects, from efficacy to severe toxicity, even in diseases that
      share clinical features.

PMID- 3871219
TI  - Lupus prone (SWR x NZB)F1 mice produce potentially nephritogenic autoantibodies
      inherited from the normal SWR parent.
AB  - The incidence of nephritis in autoimmune NZB mice is low, but when they are
      crossed with normal SWR mice, almost 100% of the female F1 hybrids (SNF1) develop
      lethal glomerulonephritis. To define the contribution of the normal SWR strain to
      the development of nephritis, we analyzed 65 monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibodies
      derived from SNF1 mice and compared them with those obtained from the NZB parent.
      The majority of the SNF1-derived anti-DNA antibodies were IgG and cationic in
      charge. By contrast, 77% of the NZB-derived antibodies were IgM. Moreover, all
      three NZB-derived IgG anti-DNA antibodies were anionic. The cationic property of
      the SNF1-derived IgG autoantibodies was not restricted to any particular
      antigenic specificity pattern or IgG subclass, nor was there a preference for the
      allotype of either parent. However, we identified a set of highly cationic (pI at
      8.2 to 8.8 pH) IgG2b anti-DNA antibodies from SNF1 hybrids that had the SWR
      allotype. Isoelectric focusing of intact antibodies and isolated heavy and light
      chains showed that the highly cationic charge of these antibodies was determined
      by the variable regions of their heavy chains. Because IgG anti-DNA antibodies
      with cationic charge are especially pathogenic, those antibodies bearing the
      allotype of the normal SWR parent may account for the high incidence of severe
      nephritis in the F1 hybrids. The results indicate that pathogenic autoantibodies,
      which are encoded by genes of the nonautoimmune SWR parent, are expressed in the
      SNF1 mice due to some cellular and genetic regulatory influence of the NZB
      parent.

PMID- 3871220
TI  - The four biochemically distinct species of human interleukin 1 all exhibit
      similar biologic activities.
AB  - The supernatants of human monocytes incubated with endotoxin are able to
      stimulate the proliferation of murine thymocytes in the presence of PHA. This is
      known as LAF (lymphocyte activating factor) activity and is a characteristic
      activity of interleukin 1 (IL 1). The LAF activity can be resolved into four
      major fractions: a 15,000 dalton (pI 7), a 15,000 (pI 5.5), a 35,000 (pI 7), and
      a 35,000 (pI 5.5) fraction. To determine whether these four fractions shared the
      other biologic activities ascribed to IL 1, they were compared in a series of
      bioassays. When standardized with respect to their LAF activities, the four
      fractions did not differ significantly as mitogens for murine thymocytes,
      inducers of IL 2, murine or human B cell activators, human chondrocyte or
      synoviocyte stimulants, or inducers of acute phase proteins in vivo. On the other
      hand, the samples differed markedly as stimulators of porcine synoviocytes, with
      the 15,000 dalton (pI 5.5) fraction being the only strongly active fraction.
      These results are consistent with the hypothesis that all four LAF could be
      products of a single gene, although the porcine receptor may be able to
      distinguish between them. If this is the case, all four fractions can properly be
      termed IL 1.

PMID- 3871221
TI  - Interleukin 1 increases collagen type IV production by murine mammary epithelial
      cells.
AB  - The effects of human interleukin 1 (IL 1) on collagen type IV production by
      normal mouse mammary epithelial cells were examined. Human IL 1 was derived from
      the culture media of peripheral blood monocytes or placental cells that were
      stimulated with silica. Although crude culture media of silica-stimulated
      monocytes or placental cells had no enhancing activity for type IV collagen
      production, IL 1-containing fractions obtained by Sephacryl S-200 gel
      chromatography and isoelectrofocusing from such media possessed considerable
      activity. To confirm the effects of IL 1 on collagen production, human monocyte
      derived IL 1 was highly purified by sequential isoelectrofocusing, anion-exchange
      (AX 300), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and HPLC gel filtration
      (TSK 3000). The same HPLC gel filtration fractions contained both an activity
      that stimulated collagen synthesis by mammary cells and thymocyte growth
      promoting activity. These activities of IL 1 differed from a number of other
      factors, such as epidermal growth factor and another factor produced by placental
      cells that stimulated type IV collagen production but not thymocyte
      proliferation. In fact, IL 1 induced 100-fold less collagen type IV production by
      mammary epithelial cells than was needed to induce thymocyte proliferation. Our
      data suggest that IL 1-like molecules, which reportedly are produced by many
      tissue cell types, may therefore play a role in promoting a basement membrane
      formation at stromal-epithelial boundaries.

PMID- 3871222
TI  - Natural killing target antigens as inducers of interferon: studies with an
      immunoselected, natural killing-resistant human T lymphoblastoid cell line.
AB  - The human T lymphoblastoid cell line CEM was subjected to immunoselection by co
      culture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for resistance to natural
      killer (NK) cell-mediated lysis. The NK susceptibility of the resulting subline,
      CEM.NKR, was 8.4 to 20.6% of that of CEM when PBMC or adherent cell-depleted PBMC
      were used as effector cells, and -7.1 to 12.1% of that of CEM when Percoll
      gradient-enriched large granular lymphocytes (LGL) were used. However, CEM and
      CEM.NKR exhibited comparable sensitivity to antibody-dependent cellular
      cytotoxicity. Unlabeled CEM was eight- to 32-fold more effective than unlabeled
      CEM.NKR in inhibiting the NK lysis of labeled CEM target cells, and CEM bound 1.9
      to 3.9-fold more Percoll gradient-enriched LGL than CEM.NKR in single cell
      binding assays, suggesting that the NK-resistant variant has lost the expression
      of NK target antigens. However, CEM.NKR was comparable to CEM in its ability to
      induce interferon (IFN)-alpha production by PBMC in vitro, and the NK-resistant
      variant maintained its susceptibility to the antiproliferative effects of IFN
      alpha, indicating that these phenomena may be mediated by molecules other than NK
      target structures. Comparison of CEM and CEM.NKR by indirect immunofluorescence
      with monoclonal antibodies specific for leukocyte antigens and the transferrin
      receptor, and by microcytotoxicity typing for HLA-A and B specificities, revealed
      no major differences.

PMID- 3871223
TI  - B lymphocyte regulation of the immune system. I. In vivo biologic activity of the
      novel lymphokine, B cell-derived enhancing factor (BEF).
AB  - B cell-derived enhancing factor (BEF) is a lymphokine of B cell origin which was
      originally identified and characterized by its ability to enhance in vitro
      antibody responses, an effect shown to be due to the ability of BEF to reduce the
      activation of suppressor T cells. The present study was undertaken to determine
      whether BEF could also be active in modulating antibody responses in vivo. The
      data presented here demonstrate that BEF is biologically active in vivo, as
      manifested by significantly enhanced primary IgM and IgG antibody responses in
      mice that were either injected with BEF prepared exogenously or implanted with
      growing BEF-secreting cells of a B cell line. Moreover, BEF was shown to enhance
      subsequent development of immunologic memory in mice pretreated with BEF at the
      time of primary immunization; these mice then displayed enhanced secondary
      responses when challenged with the same antigen some weeks later. The mechanism
      by which BEF exerts biologic activities to positively modulate in vivo antibody
      responses and immunologic memory reflects the ability of BEF to modulate one or
      more T cell functions, as evidenced by the following findings. 1) Transient in
      vitro exposure to BEF of T cells, but not of B cells, endowed such cells with the
      capacity to adoptively transfer enhanced primary antibody responses to irradiated
      recipients. 2) Utilizing adoptive in vivo antibody responses, in which
      fractionated B cell or T cell populations were obtained from BEF-pretreated mice,
      revealed that one effect of BEF which results in enhanced immunologic memory is
      related to its activity on T cells during the priming phase of the immune
      response. Finally, the existence of this B cell-derived lymphokine and the
      demonstration of its in vivo regulatory effects on the immune system provide yet
      another example of the emerging biologic importance of B lymphocytes in the
      overall regulation of the immune system.

PMID- 3871224
TI  - Ultrastructural observations of Pneumocystis carinii attachment to rat lung.

PMID- 3871225
TI  - Toxic-shock-syndrome toxin 1-induced proliferation of lymphocytes: comparison of
      the mitogenic response of human, murine, and rabbit lymphocytes.
AB  - Toxic-shock-syndrome toxin 1 (TSST 1) produced by Staphylococcus aureus induced
      in vitro proliferation of lymphocytes isolated from rabbit spleens, murine
      spleens, and both human peripheral blood and cord blood. This mitogenic response
      was nonspecific in all three systems. In the mouse and human systems,
      proliferation depended upon the presence of macrophages in the responding
      lymphocyte population. Inability to remove macrophages from rabbit splenocyte
      suspensions made it impossible to determine the contribution of this cell in
      rabbit splenocyte proliferation. Kinetic analysis of TSST 1-induced mitogenicity
      showed that proliferation of lymphocytes was maximal between days 4 and 6 in each
      of the three systems examined. Sensitivity to TSST 1 was similar in each system,
      with maximal proliferation achieved at TSST 1 doses as low as 0.1 ng/5 X 10(5)
      murine splenocytes or 2 X 10(5) rabbit splenocytes, and 0.01 ng/3 X 10(5) human
      mononuclear cells from human peripheral blood. Study of separated populations of
      mouse splenocytes and mononuclear cells from human peripheral blood showed that
      the TSST 1-induced proliferative response resided solely in the T cell
      populations.

PMID- 3871226
TI  - T cell-dependent and -independent stimulation of hamster spleen NK-like cells
      with concanavalin A.
AB  - This study was designed to examine the inducibility and lineage of
      nonspecifically cytotoxic effector cells in the hamster spleen. Employing a known
      T cell mitogen, concanavalin A (ConA), and a monoclonal antibody against a
      recently identified hamster T cell marker (Thy 1.2 homologue), we examined the
      effector cells induced in spleen by ConA and the role of T cells in regulating
      this response. Cytotoxicity was measured against uninfected baby hamster kidney
      cells, cells infected with herpes simplex virus, or a mouse target, SV3T3, in a
      16-hr 51Cr release assay. Pretreatment of spleen cells with ConA (2.5-10
      micrograms ConA/ml) markedly augmented killing of all targets. Although ConA
      pretreatment of effector cells enhanced cytotoxicity, pretreatment of targets did
      not, indicating that ConA is acting at the effector cell level. Supernatants from
      ConA-stimulated spleen cells also augmented spleen lymphocyte cytotoxicity,
      suggesting that the ConA effect is mediated by lymphokines (LK). Depletion of Thy
      1.2-positive cells from the spleen cells failed to influence augmentation of
      cytotoxicity by either ConA or ConA-induced LK, indicating that the precursor
      cells are not T cells. However, depletion of Thy 1.2-positive cells completely
      eliminated the production of LK in response to ConA, indicating that the factors
      in LK that augment cytotoxicity are strictly T cell dependent. Whether
      nonspecific cytotoxic cells induced by ConA in the absence of T cells and by the
      T cell LK are the same population is not known. None of the cytotoxicity induced
      from intact or T cell-depleted spleen cells by either ConA or LK expressed the
      Thy 1.2 homologue. These results suggest that nonspecific cytotoxic lymphocytes
      of non-T cell lineage in the hamster are regulated via both T cell-dependent and
      T cell-independent mechanisms.

PMID- 3871227
TI  - Tryptamine, a substrate for the serotonin transporter in human platelets,
      modifies the dissociation kinetics of [3H]imipramine binding: possible allosteric
      interaction.
AB  - Tricyclic antidepressants and nontricyclic serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) uptake
      blockers monophasically inhibit [3H]imipramine binding in human platelets.
      Similarly, serotonin and tryptamine inhibit the binding of [3H]imipramine in the
      low micromolar range and with a pseudo-Hill coefficient near unity. Dissociation
      of the [3H]imipramine receptor complex in the presence of uptake inhibitors
      follows first-order kinetics with a half-life of approximately 60 min. Although
      serotonin and tryptamine do not decrease [3H]imipramine binding when added under
      equilibrium conditions, simultaneous addition of serotonin or tryptamine with
      serotonin uptake inhibitors decreases the rate of ligand-receptor dissociation in
      a concentration-dependent manner. These data suggest a common site of action for
      serotonin, which is the substrate of the transporter system, and of tryptamine,
      its nonhydroxylated analog. This hypothesis is supported by the identification of
      a high-affinity (Km = 0.55 microM), saturable, and temperature-dependent uptake
      of [3H]tryptamine in human platelets. Uptake of [3H]tryptamine was inhibited
      potently by imipramine and nontricyclic serotonin uptake inhibitors with a
      potency similar to that observed for [3H]serotonin uptake. These data support the
      hypothesis that in platelets, [3H]imipramine, tricyclic, and nontricyclic
      serotonin uptake inhibitors bind to a common recognition site that is associated
      with the serotonin transporter but that differs from the substrate recognition
      site of the carrier through which serotonin and tryptamine exert a heterotropic
      allosteric modulation on [3H]imipramine binding.

PMID- 3871228
TI  - Quantification of rotational thallium-201 myocardial tomography.
AB  - A comprehensive method is described for quantification of the relative 3
      dimensional distribution of Tl-201 in the myocardium, following stress and
      subsequent washout. The method uses maximal-count circumferential profiles of
      well-defined long- and short-axis tomograms to determine the 3-dimensional
      distribution of Tl-201; it then maps this distribution onto a 2-dimensional polar
      representation. Abnormal thallium distribution or washout is identified by
      automatic computer comparison of each patient's profile with the corresponding
      lower limits of normal profiles. Abnormality is expressed as a percentage of the
      entire myocardium by use of polar maps for extent and severity. The binary extent
      map expresses the degree of abnormality. Preliminary criteria for abnormality
      were derived from the tomographic results of 25 normals and 28 patients with
      documented coronary artery disease. The results were normal in 23 of the 25
      normals and were abnormal in 25 of the 28 CAD patients. In addition, the computer
      output correctly localized the presence or absence of disease in 46 of 56
      coronary circulations.

PMID- 3871229
TI  - Effect of hydrocortisone dose schedule on adrenal steroid secretion in congenital
      adrenal hyperplasia.
AB  - To explore the potential effect of dose schedule on the adrenal suppressive
      action of hydrocortisone in congenital adrenal hyperplasia, eight patients (six
      with 21-hydroxylase deficiency and two with 11-hydroxylase deficiency) were given
      five different dose schedules. Two of the schedules used single daily doses
      (morning or evening), two twice daily doses (two-thirds dose in the morning or
      evening), one and three equal doses at morning, noon, and night. Each dose
      schedule used the same total daily hydrocortisone dose (12.5 mg/m2/day), which is
      within the normal range of hydrocortisone production rate. Each schedule was
      given for 4 to 6 weeks. The different dose schedules caused the predicted
      alterations in the temporal pattern of adrenal steroid levels, with the greatest
      apparent suppression during the 2 to 4 hours after each dose. None of the
      schedules, however, caused significant differences in the mean 24-hour plasma
      concentration of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (21-hydroxylase deficiency) or 11
      deoxycortisol (11-hydroxylase deficiency) or in the 24-hour urine pregnanetriol
      or 17-ketosteroid concentrations, either in the six patients undertreated at the
      dose of 12.5 mg/m2/day or in the two patients adequately treated. Nocturnal
      administration of all or a part of the daily dose did not improve adrenal
      suppression. These observations suggest that treatment of congenital adrenal
      hyperplasia with a once-a-day hydrocortisone dose schedule may be as effective as
      conventional multiple-dose schedules. Until this hypothesis has been tested by
      more extended clinical studies, however, we do not recommend a once-a-day
      schedule. Regardless of the dose schedule, the total daily hydrocortisone dose
      must be adjusted to achieve a normal rate of growth and bone age advancement.

PMID- 3871230
TI  - Vitamin D metabolites in adolescents and young adults with cystic fibrosis:
      effects of sun and season.
AB  - To assess mineral metabolism in patients with cystic fibrosis and to study the
      effects of season and sunlight exposure on generation of vitamin D metabolites,
      we quantified serum levels of calcidiol and calcitriol, other measures of bone
      metabolism, and radiographic bone mass in 20 adolescents and young adults with CF
      and 20 age-matched normal volunteers. Levels of calcidiol were lower in patients
      with CF than in controls and lower in Massachusetts than in Arizona in both study
      groups. Controls in Arizona had higher (P less than 0.05) levels of calcitriol
      than in Massachusetts throughout the year. All control subjects in both states
      had higher levels of calcitriol than did patients with CF. Patients in
      Massachusetts had significantly lower levels of calcitriol in winter than in
      summer. Summer levels of calcitriol in CF were significantly higher in
      Massachusetts than in Arizona; during winter, lower levels were found in
      Massachusetts than in Arizona. Mean bone density in patients with CF was 88% and
      89% of normal American standards in Massachusetts and Arizona, respectively.
      These data indicate a seasonal, sunlight-related influence on levels of vitamin D
      metabolites in patients with CF receiving approximately 1000 IU vitamin D per
      day. Older patients with CF with progressively diminishing sunlight exposure may
      be at increased risk for development of osteopenia. The detected radiographic
      abnormalities of bone mineralization may also be related to malabsorptive
      deficiencies of calcium and phosphorus.

PMID- 3871231
TI  - Antagonism of the positive chronotropic effect of norepinephrine by purine
      nucleosides in rat atria.
AB  - Adenosine has been shown previously to antagonize the positive chronotropic
      effects of beta adrenoceptor agonists. In the present study, the effects of
      adenosine and related compounds were observed on the concentration-effect curve
      for the positive chronotropic effect of norepinephrine in isolated spontaneously
      beating rat atria. Adenosine produced both a decrease in the potency of
      norepinephrine and a decrease in the maximal effect. The decrease in the potency
      was postulated to be mediated by an action on an external membrane receptor
      because it was also produced by the potent A1 receptor agonist N6
      phenylisopropyladenosine. The effect of N6-phenylisopropyladenosine was
      antagonized by 8-phenyltheophylline which is known to block external adenosine
      receptors. When adenosine deaminase was inhibited with erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3
      nonyl)adenine, both effects of adenosine were enhanced markedly suggesting
      considerable metabolism of exogenous adenosine to inosine under the conditions of
      this study. Inosine increased rather than decreased the potency of norepinephrine
      while decreasing its maximal effect. The decrease in the maximal effect of
      norepinephrine was also produced by 2',5' dideoxyadenosine, 2' deoxyadenosine and
      S-adenosylhomocysteine but not by N6-phenylisopropyladenosine. This suggests that
      the decrease in the maximal effect of norepinephrine by adenosine analogs is
      related to an interaction with an internal site. Adenine had no effect on the
      concentration-effect curve for norepinephrine. It is suggested that adenosine may
      regulate cardiac function by antagonizing the chronotropic effect of
      norepinephrine released upon nerve stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3871232
TI  - Percutaneous transcatheter embolization for arterial trauma.
AB  - With increasing technologic advances in interventional radiology, the vascular
      surgeon should be well versed in the indications, limitations, complications, and
      results of percutaneous transcatheter embolization for arterial trauma. Three
      hundred twenty-eight angiographically determined arterial injuries occurred in
      242 patients from 1977 to 1984 in a major city hospital trauma center and were
      studied prospectively. Transcatheter embolizations performed for 107 arterial
      injuries in 100 patients were successful in 82.2% of injuries. Gelfoam,
      minicoils, microcoils, intimal dissections, or a combination of modalities was
      utilized. Anterior and posterior element pelvic fractures associated with
      hypotension and transfusion of 6 units or more of blood required embolization in
      28 patients. Bleeding was controlled in 85.7% of patients. Percutaneous
      transcatheter embolization was also effective in controlling 84.2% of
      arteriovenous fistulas, 88.9% of penetrating neck arterial injuries, and 73.3% of
      postoperative intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Therapeutic transcatheter embolization
      is a valuable adjunct to the vascular surgeon dealing with the spectrum of
      vascular trauma.

PMID- 3871233
TI  - Single-dose therapy for cystitis in women. A comparison of trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin, and cyclacillin.
AB  - We evaluated single-dose regimens of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin,
      and cyclacillin as treatment for acute cystitis in 38 women. The trial was
      prematurely stopped because of frequent treatment failures. At two days after
      treatment, all 13 patients given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were cured, while
      four (31%) of 13 given amoxicillin and four (33%) of 12 given cyclacillin had
      persistent bacteriuria. At two weeks, 11 (85%) of 13 patients given trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole, six (50%) of 12 given amoxicillin, and three (30%) of ten given
      cyclacillin were cured. One patient with positive results of antibody-coated
      bacteria testing who was treated with cyclacillin had signs and symptoms of acute
      pyelonephritis three days after treatment, and two patients treated with
      amoxicillin and one treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole converted antibody
      coated bacteria test results from negative to positive after therapy. We conclude
      that single-dose treatment of cystitis in unselected women with cyclacillin and
      amoxicillin may result in low cure rates and that progression to acute
      pyelonephritis may occur following ineffective single-dose therapy.

PMID- 3871235
TI  - Improved red blood cell survival after cardiac operations with administration of
      urea during cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - The plasma hemoglobin and red blood cell survival (half-life of 51Cr) was studied
      in 48 patients undergoing single valve replacement or coronary artery bypass
      graft. Urea or placebo was administered during cardiopulmonary bypass in a
      prospective, randomized, double-blind manner to test the potential effect on
      mechanical hemolysis. The mean plasma hemoglobin level at the end of
      extracorporeal circulation was significantly lower in the urea-treated groups
      (coronary artery bypass 342 mg/L; valve replacement 364 mg/L) than in the control
      groups (coronary artery bypass 635 mg/L, p less than 0.05; valve replacement 518
      mg/L, p less than 0.01). The half-life of 51Cr was significantly longer in the
      urea-treated patients (coronary artery bypass 18 days; valve replacement 16 days)
      than in the control groups (coronary artery bypass 12.4 days, p less than 0.01;
      valve replacement 12.7 days, p less than 0.001) but still below the normal
      reference value (29 +/- 4 days). The plasma hemoglobin returned to near normal
      values (50 mg/L) the day after operation (day 1) and remained low with no
      differences between control and urea-treated groups. The total blood hemoglobin
      was followed for 2 weeks after operation and showed significantly less anemia in
      the urea-treated group. The lowest mean blood hemoglobin level was noted between
      days 5 and 9-114 (coronary artery bypass) and 107 (valve replacement) gm/L in the
      urea-treated patients compared to 92.3 (coronary artery bypass, p less than 0.01)
      and 92.2 (valve replacement, p less than 0.01) gm/L in the control subjects. The
      reduction in the severity of the anemia led to less transfusion in the urea
      treated patients (approximately 0.5 unit/patient) than in the control subjects
      (approximately 1 unit/patient, p less than 0.05) between days 3 and 14.

PMID- 3871234
TI  - Hematopoietic colony-forming cells from mice after wound trauma.
AB  - The changes produced in the pluripotential and progenitor cell compartments of
      the hind leg bone marrow and spleen of skin-wounded mice were examined over a 2
      week post-trauma period. Pluripotent cells (colony-forming unit-spleen, CFU-s)
      were significantly increased in the spleen and slightly reduced in the leg marrow
      the first week after trauma. Granulocyte macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC)
      were significantly increased in the spleen throughout the 2-week period and were
      increased in the leg marrow during the first post-trauma week. Macrophage colony
      forming cells (M-CFC) were significantly decreased in the spleen during the 2
      week period and were slightly elevated in the leg marrow during that time. The
      peripheral blood contained significantly increased concentrations of CFU-s and GM
      CFC but not M-CFC. Serum of wounded mice supported growth of GM-CFC but not M
      CFC. The growth-promoting factor was extractable by CHCl3 treatment. Serum C
      reactive protein concentrations were significantly increased for a 5-day period
      after wound trauma.

PMID- 3871236
TI  - Management of postcardiotomy hypertension by microcomputer-controlled
      administration of sodium nitroprusside.
AB  - Manual administration of sodium nitroprusside in patients who have undergone
      cardiac operations can be associated with wide swings in mean systemic arterial
      pressure. Moreover, it is necessary for constant attention to be paid in order to
      minimize these potentially catastrophic arterial pressure changes. A
      microcomputer-based controller was constructed in the belief that it might
      improve the accuracy of systemic arterial pressure control as well as relieve the
      clinical staff of a time-consuming task. Comparison was made of the effectiveness
      of manual control versus computer control of sodium nitroprusside infusion in two
      groups of patients with similar clinical characteristics. In the manual control
      group the mean systemic arterial pressure could be maintained within 5 mm Hg of
      the target pressure only half (52%) of the time. In the computer-controlled group
      the mean systemic arterial pressure was maintained within 5 mm Hg of the target
      pressure 94% of the time (p less than 0.005). Thus, computerized control of
      sodium nitroprusside infusion eliminated the need for an intensive care unit
      nurse to be "locked into" the task of making frequent adjustments of infusion
      rate. Of even greater importance, control of mean systemic arterial pressure was
      more precise.

PMID- 3871237
TI  - Myocardial surgical revascularization after streptokinase treatment for acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - Eighty-six patients admitted with evolving myocardial infarction within 6 hours
      of symptom onset were treated with streptokinase. Thirty-nine received
      intracoronary streptokinase, and 47 received intravenous streptokinase. There
      were no streptokinase-related complications. Twenty-three patients treated with
      intracoronary streptokinase and 28 patients receiving intravenous streptokinase
      underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. On admission, 16 patients receiving
      intracoronary streptokinase had electrocardiographic evidence of anterolateral
      evolving myocardial infarction and seven had evidence of inferior evolving
      myocardial infarction. Time from first symptom to intracoronary streptokinase was
      4.4 +/- 1.6 hours. In seven patients, intracoronary streptokinase failed to open
      the obstructed coronary. All developed severe left ventricular hypokinesia in the
      area supplied by that coronary artery. In spite of recanalization, nine of 14
      patients developed severe hypokinesia in the supplied area, and one an apical
      aneurysm. Four patients developed mild to moderate hypokinesia, and one had no
      left ventricular damage. On admission, 14 patients receiving intravenous
      streptokinase had electrocardiographic evidence of anterolateral evolving
      myocardial infarction and four had evidence of inferior evolving myocardial
      infarction. Time from first symptom to intravenous streptokinase was 3.2 +/- 1.5
      hours. In seven patients, intravenous streptokinase failed to open the coronary,
      and all developed severe hypokinesia of the supplied area, with formation of
      apical left ventricular aneurysm in three. In 21 patients, intravenous
      streptokinase opened the artery. Eighteen angiographies performed 9.6 +/- 7.9
      days after therapy showed a normal left ventricle in eight patients, moderate
      hypokinesia in seven, and severe hypokinesia in three. Time from first symptom to
      therapy was shorter in the patients receiving intravenous therapy (p less than
      0.01). Coronary artery bypass grafting and four resections after left ventricular
      aneurysm were performed without operative death. Two patients receiving
      intracoronary therapy died in the hospital, and one died 2 months later from
      arrhythmias. Freedom from angina and rehabilitation (New York Heart Association
      Class I) were achieved in 69.5% of patients receiving intracoronary streptokinase
      and in 75% of patients receiving intravenous streptokinase. Thus streptokinase
      induced thrombolysis salvages myocardium, and the intravenous route seems as
      effective as the intracoronary. Advantages of the former are earlier
      administration that might increase myocardial salvage, no invasive procedure, and
      lesser cost.

PMID- 3871238
TI  - Wegener's granulomatosis: observations on treatment with antimicrobial agents.
AB  - Twelve patients with Wegener's granulomatosis were treated with antimicrobial
      agents, chiefly trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The clinical course improved in 11
      of the 12 patients who received this treatment. The success of antimicrobial
      treatment suggests the possibility of a microbial infection as the inciting cause
      of Wegener's granulomatosis in some patients. Alternatively, these agents--in
      particular, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole--may possess immunosuppressant
      activity.

PMID- 3871239
TI  - Rotational testing in patients with bilateral peripheral vestibular disease.
AB  - We performed quantitative low and high frequency rotational testing in 17
      patients with bilateral peripheral vestibular deficits. A characteristic pattern
      of decreased gain and increased phase lead at low frequencies of sinusoidal
      stimulation and decreased time constant to impulsive stimulation was observed in
      most patients. The results of caloric testing correlated with the results of low
      frequency rotational testing but not with the results of high frequency testing.
      Only 2 patients complained of oscillopsia at the time of testing and both of
      these had decreased vestibulo-ocular reflex gain at low and high frequencies of
      sinusoidal rotation.

PMID- 3871240
TI  - Selective accumulation of MPP+ in the substantia nigra: a key to neurotoxicity?
AB  - The neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is rapidly
      metabolized to a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium species (MPP+) in the squirrel
      monkey. After administration of toxic doses of MPTP, the concentration of MPP+ in
      the substantia nigra appears to increase during the first 72 hours, reaching the
      highest concentration of any central nervous system (CNS) tissue studied. In
      contrast, the concentration of this compound in other brain areas suggested time
      dependent elimination during the same period. Pretreatment of animals with the
      monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor pargyline blocks both the neurotoxic action and
      the biotransformation of MPTP. In animals given pargyline and MPTP, initial MPTP
      levels are much higher in all brain regions than in those not receiving
      pargyline, but by 12 hours, MPTP levels had fallen rapidly in all regions except
      the substantia nigra and the eye. It may be that the selective toxicity of MPTP
      is related in some way to the accumulation of its oxidized metabolite in the
      substantia nigra.

PMID- 3871241
TI  - Primate model of parkinsonism: selective lesion of nigrostriatal neurons by 1
      methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine produces an extrapyramidal syndrome in
      rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Systemic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to
      rhesus monkeys (1.0-2.5 mg/kg i.v.) produces irreversible damage to nigrostriatal
      neurons. Dopaminergic neurons in the dorsolateral part of striatum were the most
      vulnerable. The major clinical signs of an extrapyramidal syndrome, but not
      resting tremor, appeared only in MPTP-treated monkeys suffering from more than
      80% reduction in striatal dopamine. No chronic changes in the mesolimbic
      dopaminergic system were observed. Immunocytochemical staining of the mid-brain
      with a tyrosine hydroxylase antiserum indicated that MPTP produced a significant
      decrease of dopaminergic cell bodies in the A9, but not in the A10
      ventrotegmental area. Despite greater than 80% decrease in A9 nigral cell bodies,
      the dopamine content decreased only by 50%. Sprouting of the surviving nigral A9
      neurons was observed histologically and neurochemically in the area above
      substantia nigra. The present behavioral, neurochemical and histological results
      indicate that MPTP produces an ideal primate model for studying parkinsonism.
      Selective lesion of more than 80% of the nigrostrial neurons by MPTP is
      sufficient to produce the major clinical signs of the extrapyramidal syndrome in
      idiopathic parkinsonism.

PMID- 3871242
TI  - Differences in the metabolism of MPTP in the rodent and primate parallel
      differences in sensitivity to its neurotoxic effects.
AB  - Primates and rodents show marked differences in sensitivity to the neurotoxic
      effects of MPTP. We and others have previously shown that the toxic effects of
      MPTP on nigrostriatal cells are dependent on the oxidative metabolism of MPTP to
      the quaternary species MPP+. We have therefore compared the distribution and
      metabolism of MPTP in the monkey and several rodent species. Three major
      differences have been identified: 1) the primate, but not the rodents, showed a
      persistently high concentration of MPTP metabolites in the caudate nucleus
      compared to other brain regions; 2) the rodent brains cleared MPTP and its
      metabolites much more rapidly than did the monkey, and; 3) the predominant
      metabolite retained by the monkey brain was MPP+, while MPP+ cannot be detected
      in rodent brains for more than a few hours after injection. The persistence of
      MPP+ in the primate brain may explain the heightened toxicity of MPTP in this
      species.

PMID- 3871243
TI  - Potential bioactivation pathways for the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridine (MPTP).
AB  - The metabolism of the selective nigrostriatal toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) has been studied in rat brain mitochondrial incubation
      mixtures. The 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium species MPP+ has been characterized by
      chemical ionization mass spectral and 1H NMR analysis. Evidence also was obtained
      for the formation of an intermediate product which, with the aid of deuterium
      incorporation studies, was tentatively identified as the alpha-carbon oxidation
      product, the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium species MPDP+. Comparison of
      the diode array UV spectrum of this metabolite with that of the synthetic
      perchlorate salt of MPDP+ confirmed this assignment. The oxidation of MPTP to
      MPDP+ but not of MPDP+ to MPP+ is completely inhibited by 10(-7) M pargyline.
      MPDP+, on the other hand, is unstable and rapidly undergoes disproportionation to
      MPTP and MPP+. Based on these results, we speculate that the neurotoxicity of
      MPTP is mediated by its intraneuronal oxidation to MPDP+, a reaction which
      appears to be catalyzed by MAO. The interactions of MPDP+ and/or MPP+ with
      dopamine, a readily oxidizable compound present in high concentration in the
      nigrostriatum, to form neurotoxic species may account for the selective toxic
      properties of the parent drug.

PMID- 3871244
TI  - Central and peripheral catecholamine depletion by 1-methyl-4-phenyl
      tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in rodents.
AB  - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) given in single doses to rats
      depleted norepinephrine concentration in heart and mesenteric artery but had
      little effect on catecholamine concentration in brain. MPTP did not share with
      amphetamine the ability to cause persistent depletion of striatal dopamine in
      iprindole-treated rats. Administration of MPTP via osmotic minipumps implanted
      s.c. for 24 hrs after a loading dose of MPTP in rats resulted in depletion of
      striatal dopamine and its metabolites one week later. MPTP in vitro was a
      reasonably potent, competitive and reversible inhibitor of MAO-A (monoamine
      oxidase type A). MPTP appeared to inhibit MAO-A in rat brain in vivo as
      determined by its antagonism of the inactivation of MAO-A by pargyline and by its
      antagonism of the increase in dopamine metabolites resulting from the
      administration of Ro 4-1284, a dopamine releaser. The inhibition of MAO-B by MPTP
      in vitro was noncompetitive, time-dependent, and not fully reversed by dialysis,
      consistent with the findings of others that MPTP is acted upon by MAO-B. In mice,
      four successive daily doses of MPTP is acted upon by MAO-B. In mice, four
      successive daily doses of MPTP given s.c. resulted in marked depletion of
      dopamine and its metabolites one week later, and the depletion of dopamine was
      completely prevented by pretreatment with deprenyl, which inhibited MAO-B but not
      MAO-A. These and other studies in rodents may help in elucidating the mechanisms
      involved in the destructive effects of MPTP on striatal dopamine neurons that
      lead to symptoms of Parkinson's disease in humans and in monkeys.

PMID- 3871245
TI  - Neurochemical and functional consequences following 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6
      tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and methamphetamine.
AB  - The neurochemical and functional consequences following MPTP administration to
      the rat were evaluated and compared to similar effects following methamphetamine
      administration. It was observed that MPTP induced long lasting depletions of
      striatal dopamine concentrations and this neurotoxic effect could be prevented by
      pargyline pretreatment. The MPTP-induced neuronal damage produced a tolerance to
      the disruptive effects of amphetamine and a supersensitivity to the disruptive
      effects of apomorphine in rats responding in a schedule controlled paradigm.
      Methamphetamine, like MPTP, produced depletions of striatal dopamine but these
      actions were potentiated by pargyline pretreatment. These observations are
      discussed in reference to possible deleterious effects following the
      administration of pargyline to patients with Parkinson's Disease.

PMID- 3871246
TI  - Multiply resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b and bacteraemia.

PMID- 3871247
TI  - Pentamidine for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

PMID- 3871248
TI  - Case 40-1984: essential mixed cryoglobulinemia and chronic persistent hepatitis.

PMID- 3871249
TI  - Dopaminergic receptor sites in human brain: positron emission tomography.
AB  - Positron emission tomography (PET) and 11C-labeled pimozide were used to study
      the dopaminergic (DA) receptor sites in the human striatum by comparing the
      latter with the cerebellum, which lacks DA receptors. Although 11C-pimozide
      concentration was not different in these two brain structures up to 53 minutes
      after IV injection (thus implying large nonspecific binding), a significant
      retention of radioactivity in striatum relative to cerebellum was found in
      controls but not in subjects pretreated with the unlabeled competitor
      haloperidol. This suggests that the striatal retention seen in controls was due
      to specific binding of 11C-pimozide to DA receptor sites, whereas prior
      occupation of the receptor sites by the unlabeled competitor was achieved in
      pretreated subjects.

PMID- 3871250
TI  - Use of a whole blood substitute, Fluosol-DA 20%, after massive postpartum
      hemorrhage.
AB  - Two patients with severe postpartum hemorrhage refused blood product transfusion
      for religious reasons. The patients' hemoglobin level had dropped to 3.0% or less
      after operative intervention, and the cardiac indexes on transfer to the tertiary
      care center were 8.0 and 7.3 L/minute per m2, respectively. Each received an
      infusion of Fluosol-DA 20% according to research protocol after obtaining
      informed written consent. Pulse rates and cardiac outputs dropped after the
      infusions. They were discharged from the hospital 17 and 15 days later with
      hemoglobins of 7.0 and 5.1%, respectively. Fluosol-DA 20% may be a useful adjunct
      for therapy of postpartum hemorrhage in women who refuse blood products for
      religious reasons.

PMID- 3871251
TI  - In vivo sensitivity test in otitis media: efficacy of antibiotics.
AB  - During a 10-year period, antibiotics were assigned in random, double-blind
      fashion in six combinations to treat 948 episodes of otitis media in children.
      Exudate from the middle ear of all patients was cultured before treatment. Three
      follow-up visits were conducted; the first follow-up visit was three to five days
      after the start of therapy, and the second and third visits were 14 and 31 days
      after onset of treatment. Exudates were recultured for 75% of the patients on the
      first follow-up visit. Comparison of treatment results showed that triple
      sulfonamide combined with either phenoxymethyl penicillin, or benzathine and
      procaine penicillin G given intramuscularly (IM) was as effective as was
      ampicillin or amoxicillin. Phenoxymethyl penicillin and cyclacillin alone were
      usually effective against pneumococci but relatively ineffective against
      Haemophilus influenzae. Cefaclor and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole produced
      unsatisfactory results in about half the cases caused by pneumococci or H
      influenzae. Although production of beta-lactamase by some otitis-causing
      Haemophilus and Staphylococcus species may explain the ineffectiveness of some
      treatments, the percentage of organisms positive for beta-lactamase was too small
      to be responsible for the poor results with certain drugs.

PMID- 3871252
TI  - Interactions between the gonadal steroids and the immune system.
AB  - The immune system is regulated by the gonadal steroids estrogen, androgen, and
      progesterone, but the circulating levels of these steroids can also be affected
      by immune system function. Such interactions appear to be mediated through the
      hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-thymic axis and depend on pituitary luteinizing
      hormone released by thymic factors under the control of the gonadal steroids.

PMID- 3871253
TI  - Partial primary structure of the alpha and beta chains of human tumor T-cell
      receptors.
AB  - The T-cell receptor for antigen (Ti) was purified from the human tumor cell line
      HPB-ALL. Amino-terminal sequence analysis of an acid-cleaved peptide of the Ti
      alpha chain showed that it is highly homologous to a putative murine alpha chain
      recently described. Amino-terminal sequence analysis of the Ti beta chain
      revealed that it shares 50 percent homology with the Ti beta chain amino acid
      sequences from two other human T-cell tumors. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a
      complementary DNA clone encoding the Ti beta chain from the HPB-MLT cell line
      showed that this chain represents a second human constant region gene segment and
      suggested that it arises from direct joining of the variable and joining gene
      segments without any intervening D region sequences.

PMID- 3871254
TI  - Cephalexin in the treatment of acute and chronic maxillary sinusitis.
AB  - We evaluated the efficacy of cephalexin therapy in 104 patients with infectious
      maxillary sinusitis. Confirmation of diagnosis was made by x-ray film, antral
      puncture, and culture. Sixty-nine patients met all criteria for evaluation. The
      majority of patients received cephalexin, 1 gm/day in four divided doses for ten
      days, including the 48-hour period after the patient had become asymptomatic.
      Patients returned for observation one week and two weeks after initiating
      therapy. Satisfactory clinical results were obtained in 57 (83%). Results showed
      that cephalexin was effective in treating sinusitis and that adverse reactions
      were rare. Bacteriology results showed that many of the pathogens usually
      involved in infectious maxillary sinusitis were resistant to the recommended or
      frequently prescribed antibiotics. These same pathogens, however, did not show
      resistance to cephalexin.

PMID- 3871255
TI  - Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and liver cirrhosis in adults.
AB  - Although cirrhosis of the liver caused by alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency is not
      uncommon in children, only a few cases have been described in adults. We have
      seen three such patients--one man and two women, ranging in age from 57 to 66
      years. These cases show the wide spectrum of this genetically influenced disease.

PMID- 3871256
TI  - Isopyrin-phenylbutazone for intractable migraine.

PMID- 3871257
TI  - Cerebellopontine angle lipoma.
AB  - Lipomas rarely occur intracranially. Moreover, the cerebellopontine angle is one
      of the more unusual sites of such hamartomas. Of the 11 reported cases, all but
      three caused symptoms related to compression of the cranial nerves in the
      cerebellopontine angle. Only three separate cases have been studied by computed
      tomography, and in one the fat density was not recognized. This report deals with
      the clinical presentations, surgical management, and radiologic assessment of
      these lesions.

PMID- 3871258
TI  - Epidermoid tumor in the lateral ventricle.
AB  - After a review of the literature on the origin of epidermoid tumors, a case
      report is presented of an intraventricular localization of such a tumor. Two
      theories are discussed as an explanation for this rare site. This case report, in
      addition to some data from the literature, suggests that it is unacceptable to
      assume that epidermoids have a primary location within the lateral ventricle.

PMID- 3871259
TI  - Mediastinal infection after open heart surgery.
AB  - Mediastinal infection occurred in 29 of 2031 patients (1.4%) who underwent median
      sternotomy for cardiac operation at the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
      between 1956 and 1981. Factors associated with the development of mediastinitis
      included postoperative complications such as low cardiac output, respiratory
      insufficiency, reoperation for bleeding, repeat median sternotomy, and triple
      valve replacement. Factors that were not significantly associated with the
      development of mediastinitis included preoperative functional class, preoperative
      cardiac index, age, sex, weight, or presence of diabetes mellitus. The mortality
      rate in patients who developed mediastinitis was 52%. Factors associated with
      death included preoperative functional class III or IV, type of operation, type
      of organism involved, and the development of pneumonia. The mortality rate was
      significantly lower (35% versus 73%) in the patients who underwent mediastinal
      exploration for treatment. There was no difference in survival whether the wound
      was closed over drainage tubes or packed open. Hospital stay, however, was
      significantly prolonged in the patients whose wounds were packed open.

PMID- 3871260
TI  - Circadian toxicology of cyclosporin.
AB  - Cyclosporin (Cs), a cyclic nonpolar undecapeptide of fungal origin, has potent
      immunosuppressive and antiparasitic activities, and renal and hepatic toxicities,
      the mechanisms of which are not worked out. Many nephrotoxins and hepatotoxins
      are predictably more or less harmful, depending upon the circadian stage at which
      they are administered. In order to find treatment schedules that might damage the
      animal least, the toxicity of 20 mg kg-1 day-1 of Cs given intraperitoneally was
      studied at six different circadian stages in adult male Lewis rats. Cs toxicity
      was gauged by body temperature decline, body weight loss, and survival time.
      Rectal temperatures over a 24-hr span during the 2 days prior to the first death
      revealed that rats treated during darkness were 1.6 +/- 0.3 degree C cooler than
      vehicle-treated controls, whereas rats treated during the light span were only
      0.4 +/- 0.2 degree C cooler than controls (p less than 0.01). Rats treated in
      darkness lost twice as much weight compared to those treated in light (20 +/- 2
      versus 10 +/- 2%, p less than 0.01). Rats receiving daily Cs in the dark span
      lived an average of 28 +/- 5 days compared with 44 +/- 4 days for animals getting
      Cs during the light span (p less than 0.05). Three separate nonspecific measures
      of drug toxicity confirmed that there was substantial circadian stage dependence
      to Cs toxicity. The safest time for the drug in rats was 2 to 10 hr after
      lighting onset, a time when rats are usually beginning their diurnal rest and/or
      sleep span.

PMID- 3871261
TI  - Cyclosporine-induced fetotoxicity in the rat.
AB  - Female Lewis rats mated with DA male rats were given 25 or 10 mg/kg/day
      cyclosporine (CsA) from the time of mating to 20 days postcoitus when autopsies
      were performed. At the higher dose, characteristic drug-induced pathological
      changes in the mother were accompanied by a striking fetotoxic effect, resulting
      in a high incidence of fetal mortality or in runting. In addition, fetal kidneys
      that could be examined showed evidence of CsA-induced proximal tubular cell
      damage. These abnormalities were not found at the lower dosage of CsA. The
      fetotoxicity observed at 25 mg/kg did not appear to be dependent on major
      histocompatibility differences between parental strains, since it was also
      observed, at the same dosage, in syngeneically mated female Lewis rats.

PMID- 3871262
TI  - Outpatient arteriography and cardiac catheterization: effective alternatives to
      inpatient procedures.
AB  - Traditionally, arteriography and cardiac catheterization have been inpatient
      procedures. Growing public and medical interest in cost containment prompted
      consideration of performing them as outpatient procedures. Ninety-five outpatient
      cerebral, peripheral, or visceral arteriograms and 89 outpatient cardiac
      catheterizations done in a 36-month period were reviewed. Findings indicate that
      outpatient cardiovascular examinations can be performed safely, with no
      additional risk to the patient, and provide an efficient, convenient alternative
      to hospitalization.

PMID- 3871263
TI  - Safety of outpatient angiography: a prospective study.
AB  - A prospective study of 100 consecutive outpatient angiograms with catheters on
      rapid changers was undertaken to ascertain the safety of this protocol. Ninety
      four patients could be discharged after a 4 hr surveillance and were still well 1
      week later; six patients had to be observed up to 24 hr for minor problems and
      one was hospitalized the night after his angiogram, for a renal complication.
      This approach to angiography, emphasizing the outpatient status, seems to be safe
      and should deserve widespread acceptance.

PMID- 3871264
TI  - Persistent sciatic artery: clinical, embryologic, and angiographic features.
AB  - The persistent sciatic artery is a rare but interesting and clinically pertinent
      vascular anomaly that may present as a buttock aneurysm or as ischemic or embolic
      disease. Its correct angiographic diagnosis depends on recognition of an
      abnormally large internal iliac artery, appropriate injection and adequate timing
      to fill and follow flow into the large vessel, and recognition and
      differentiation of the tapering superficial femoral artery from routine occlusive
      disease so that an accurate picture of lower leg runoff is provided.

PMID- 3871265
TI  - A floppy-tipped wire guide for interventional procedures.

PMID- 3871266
TI  - Observations on the use of the Cope introduction set.

PMID- 3871267
TI  - Simplified solvent infusion and drainage in closed systems: double-lumen, single
      catheter method.

PMID- 3871268
TI  - Normal mediastinal lymph nodes: number and size according to American Thoracic
      Society mapping.
AB  - CT was used to investigate the number and size of normal mediastinal lymph nodes
      at 11 intrathoracic nodal stations defined by the American Thoracic Society lymph
      node mapping scheme. Nodal size was measured both as short- and long-axis
      diameters in the transverse plane. Findings for 56 patients show the largest
      normal mediastinal nodes to be in the subcarinal and right tracheobronchial
      regions. Upper paratracheal nodes were smaller than lower paratracheal or
      tracheobronchial nodes, and right-sided tracheobronchial nodes were larger than
      left-sided ones. From the distributions of node sizes, thresholds were set above
      which nodes in any region might be considered enlarged. These thresholds, in
      agreement with a prior investigation of patients with lung cancer, suggest 1.0 cm
      as the upper limit of normal for the short axis of a mediastinal node in the
      transverse plane.

PMID- 3871269
TI  - Pitfalls in CT recognition of mediastinal lymphadenopathy.

PMID- 3871270
TI  - Computed tomography of localized pleural mesothelioma.
AB  - The computed tomographic (CT) features of six pathologically proven cases of
      fibrous mesothelioma were reviewed. There were no pathognomonic CT
      characteristics, but in all cases CT suggested or supported the preoperative
      diagnosis. CT findings included well delineated, often lobulated, noncalcified
      soft-tissue masses in close relation to a pleural surface, associated crural
      thickening, and absence of chest wall invasion. An obtuse angle of the mass with
      respect to the pleural surface was not particularly useful. Rather, a smoothly
      tapering margin was more characteristic of a pleural lesion.

PMID- 3871271
TI  - Transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy of benign and malignant lung lesions.
AB  - Transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy (TNAB) of lung lesions is a well
      established procedure for diagnosing lung lesions. The emphasis in the literature
      has been on diagnosing malignant lesions with an accuracy rate greater than 90%
      frequently reported. Experience with 650 patients showed that TNAB can diagnose
      malignant lesions in 95% of patients with cancer, and more importantly that TNAB
      can identify benign lesions in 88% of patients with such lesions. In this patient
      population, 22% of undiagnosed, noncalcified lung lesions were benign. Therefore,
      TNAB of lung lesions has a potential of limiting diagnostic thoracotomies to
      fewer than 8% of patients with lung lesions, significantly reducing the number of
      unnecessary thoracotomies for benign disease. The success of TNAB is affected by
      equipment, technique, skill, and experience and is enhanced by close cooperation
      among the various physicians involved.

PMID- 3871273
TI  - Adaptation of the ileum in nontropical sprue: reversal of the jejunoileal fold
      pattern.
AB  - Seven cases of nontropical sprue (gluten enteropathy) are described in which
      there was an increase in the ileal fold pattern depicted on barium examination of
      the small bowel. In five of these patients there was a decrease in the jejunal
      fold pattern. This combination created a reversed appearance of the normal small
      bowel radiographic pattern. This is a distinctive pattern for nontropical sprue
      and reflects the chronic inflammation and atrophy of the jejunum and compensatory
      hypertrophy (adaptation) of the ileum. This usually indicates long standing
      disease and should heighten awareness to potential malignant complications.

PMID- 3871272
TI  - Cardiopulmonary effects of volume expansion in man: radiographic manifestations.
AB  - Cardiovascular and humoral responses to extremes of sodium intake (10-1500
      mEq/day) were studied. Chest radiographs of eight normal men were obtained to
      measure changes in heart volume and central vascular structures.
      Echocardiographic measurements of cardiac chamber dimensions were also obtained.
      Sodium loading resulted in a 16-mm-Hg increase in mean arterial pressure and
      increases in cardiac output, stroke volume, left ventricular end-diastolic
      volume, and all radiographically determined cardiac dimensions. There was direct
      correlation between the radiographic cardiac dimensions and left ventricular end
      diastolic volume. There was no echocardiographic evidence of pericardial fluid.
      After sodium loading, there was enlargement of the superior vena cava, innominate
      veins, azygos vein, pulmonary vessels, and the aortic knob. Small pleural
      effusions were commonly seen. Volume expansion may cause radiographic changes
      that may mimic those associated with congestive heart failure. This may
      particularly be the case in patients with renal failure, those receiving dialysis
      treatment, or patients receiving large volumes of intravenous fluids.

PMID- 3871274
TI  - Radiography of the small bowel in patients with gynecologic malignancies.
AB  - The records and radiographs of 284 patients with gynecologic malignancy were
      reviewed to determine the incidence and nature of small-bowel abnormalities.
      Seventeen percent of the patients had small-bowel studies. Twenty-four percent of
      patients with ovarian cancer had radiologic examination of the small bowel, and
      in almost all cases the abnormalities were due to metastatic disease. In patients
      with cervical cancer, small-bowel radiography was performed in 14% of patients,
      and in most cases the abnormalities were due to radiation damage. Small-bowel
      obstruction was found in 20 patients. In the ovarian-cancer group, all
      obstructions were due to metastatic disease, whereas in the cervical cancer
      group, obstruction was due to metastases, radiation, or adhesions. The site of
      obstruction was a useful differential point, since all obstructions due to
      radiation were in the ileum, whereas 58% of obstructions due to metastases were
      in the duodenum or jejunum. The radiologic studies interpreted in light of the
      clinical circumstances were highly accurate in determining the location and
      nature of small-bowel complications in these patients.

PMID- 3871275
TI  - Presacral masses after abdominoperineal resection for colorectal carcinoma: the
      need for needle biopsy.
AB  - Computed tomographic(CT)-guided biopsy of presacral masses after abdominoperineal
      resection for colorectal carcinoma was performed in 28 patients, using a
      transgluteal approach. The masses were divided into three groups according to
      their morphologic appearance: solid mass, mass with central low-density area, and
      gas-containing mass. Of 19 patients with a homogeneous solid mass, 15 had biopsy
      proven recurrent adenocarcinoma. In the other nine patients, who had low-density
      masses with or without gas, it was not possible to offer a diagnosis on the basis
      of the CT appearance alone. In these cases, needle biopsy disclosed various
      entities, including recurrent tumor, abscess, and posttreatment necrosis. There
      was only one complication, transient hematuria. CT-guided needle biopsy of
      presacral masses after abdominoperineal resection is a simple, relatively safe,
      and valuable diagnostic technique.

PMID- 3871276
TI  - CT recognition of intestinal lipomatosis.

PMID- 3871277
TI  - Detection of abdominal aortic graft infection: comparison of CT and in-labeled
      white blood cell scans.
AB  - Aortic graft infections are a rare but potentially lethal complication of aortic
      graft surgery. If the infection is limited to the groin, local therapy and
      preservation of the graft may be possible in some cases, whereas infections
      extending into the retroperitoneum require removal of the graft and
      revascularization of the lower limbs. The diagnosis and assessment of the extent
      of a graft infection is difficult on clinical grounds. A prospective study
      compared CT and indium-labeled white blood cell (In-WBC) scans in the diagnosis
      of aortic graft infection. Five patients with aortic graft infection and three
      patients without aortic graft infection were studied by both methods. CT
      correctly detected the retroperitoneal extension of the infection in three
      patients with groin infection; In-WBC scans diagnosed the extension only in one
      patient. Both CT and In-WBC were positive in two patients with aortic graft
      infection but no groin infection. Both studies were negative in the three
      patients without evidence of aortic graft infection. The study suggests that CT
      is more sensitive than In-WBC in evaluating the extent of aortic graft infection
      and should be the imaging method of choice.

PMID- 3871278
TI  - Improved detection of upper abdominal abscesses by combination of 99mTc sulfur
      colloid and 111In leukocyte scanning.
AB  - Indium-111-labeled leukocyte scanning is an excellent technique for detecting
      abdominal abscesses. However, since labeled leukocytes are normally taken up by
      the liver and spleen, diagnosing upper abdominal abscesses can be difficult. A
      prospective study was undertaken to see if having a technetium-99m sulfur colloid
      liver-spleen scan to compare with the 111In leukocyte scan would improve the
      reader's ability to diagnose or exclude upper abdominal abscesses. Ninety
      patients with suspected upper abdominal abscesses were examined with 111In
      leukocyte scans followed immediately by conventional 99mTc sulfur colloid liver
      spleen scans in the same projections. In 57% of patients with upper abdominal
      abscesses and 26% of all patients studied, the 99mTc sulfur colloid scan was
      essential to diagnose or exclude an upper abdominal abscess. The liver-spleen
      scan was considered helpful in another 13%. The addition of a 99mTc sulfur
      colloid liver-spleen scan to the 111In leukocyte study is useful when evaluating
      patients with suspected upper abdominal abscesses.

PMID- 3871279
TI  - Segmented-field radiography in scoliosis.
AB  - A method of scoliosis imaging using segmented fields is presented. The method is
      advantageous for patients requiring serial radiographic monitoring, as it results
      in markedly reduced radiation doses to critical organs, particularly the breast.
      Absorbed dose to the breast was measured to be 8.8 mrad (88 microGy) for a full
      field examination and 0.051 mrad (5.1 microGy) for the segmented-field study. The
      segmented-field technique also results in improved image quality. Experience with
      53 studies in 23 patients is reported.

PMID- 3871280
TI  - Radiographic appearance of Ewing sarcoma of the hands and feet: report from the
      Intergroup Ewing Sarcoma Study.
AB  - Review of current data from the Intergroup Ewing Sarcoma Study (IESS) shows that
      Ewing sarcoma is rare in bones of the hands and feet. The 12 patients from the
      IESS protocols with hand or foot Ewing sarcoma are comparable to those already
      reported in the literature. With the exception of lesions in the calcaneus, the
      prognosis for disease-free survival is excellent. The radiographic features of
      hand and foot Ewing sarcoma are generally those of classic Ewing sarcoma:
      permeation, soft-tissue mass, and, often, associated sclerotic reaction. However,
      with the exception of sclerosis, features suggesting bone reaction and slow tumor
      growth in these patients were distinctly uncommon compared with Ewing sarcoma in
      general. Those radiographic features suggesting aggressive behavior were slightly
      more common than in the general Ewing population. Even so, neither the
      radiographic appearance nor the greatest dimension of the radiographic lesion can
      be shown to contribute significantly to prognostication in these patients.
      Apparently location of the lesion is important, since in the reported cases in
      the literature and in this series, lesions of the calcaneus fared poorly. The
      importance of this set of patients therefore relates to awareness and early
      recognition of an unusual appearance and location of Ewing sarcoma.

PMID- 3871281
TI  - Unsuspected sacral fractures: detection by radionuclide bone scanning.
AB  - Unsuspected sacral fractures may present with confusing clinical, radiographic,
      and scintigraphic findings. Sacral fractures were diagnosed by radionuclide bone
      scans in 23 patients, most of whom were osteopenic and had only minor or no
      trauma. Symptoms usually consisted of low back pain, sometimes with
      radiculopathy, but some of the patients were asymptomatic and the fractures
      discovered coincidentally. Abnormalities on bone scanning consisted of increased
      uptake in the body of the sacrum and one or both sacral alae or only in a single
      sacral ala. A retrospective review showed abnormalities on radiographs in 11 of
      the 23 patients and in all four of the CT scans obtained, but the abnormalities
      were often overlooked or misinterpreted on the original reading. Bone biopsies of
      the sacrum, done in two patients to rule out metastatic disease, showed reactive
      bone formation consistent with fracture. Recognition of the characteristic
      scintigraphic patterns in sacral fractures and the frequency of these fractures
      in osteopenic patients can avoid mistaken diagnoses and unnecessary tests or
      treatment.

PMID- 3871282
TI  - Spontaneous stress fractures of the femoral neck.
AB  - The diagnosis of spontaneous stress fractures of the femoral neck, a form of
      insufficiency stress fracture, can be missed easily. Patients present with
      unremitting hip pain without a history of significant trauma or unusual increase
      in daily activity. The initial radiographic features include osteoporosis, minor
      alterations of trabecular alignment, minimal extracortical or endosteal reaction,
      and lucent fracture lines. Initial scintigraphic examinations performed in three
      of four patients showed focal increased radionuclide uptake in two and no focal
      abnormality in one. Emphasis is placed on the paucity of early findings.
      Evaluation of patients with persistent hip pain requires a high degree of
      clinical suspicion and close follow-up; the sequelae of undetected spontaneous
      fractures are subcapital fracture with displacement, angular deformity, and
      avascular necrosis of the femoral head.

PMID- 3871283
TI  - CT of soft-tissue neoplasms.
AB  - The computed tomographic scans (CT) of 84 patients with untreated soft-tissue
      neoplasms were studied, 75 with primary and nine with secondary lesions. Each
      scan was evaluated using several criteria: homogeneity and density, presence and
      type of calcification, presence of bony destruction, involvement of multiple
      muscle groups, definition of adjacent fat, border definition, and vessel or nerve
      involvement. CT demonstrated the lesion in all 84 patients and showed excellent
      anatomic detail in 64 of the 75 patients with primary neoplasms. CT did not
      differentiate vessel or nerve entrapment from neurovascular structures that were
      simply applied to the pseudocapsule of the tumor. Blurring of adjacent fat was an
      infrequent finding, but when it was present, the tumor was malignant. The CT
      findings were characteristic enough to suggest the histology of the neoplasm in
      only 13 lesions (nine lipomas, three hemangiomas, one neurofibroma). No malignant
      neoplasm had CT characteristics specific enough to differentiate it from any
      other malignant tumor. However, malignant neoplasms could be differentiated from
      benign neoplasms in 88% of the cases.

PMID- 3871284
TI  - The role of CT in the diagnosis of primary lymphedema of the lower limb.
AB  - Twelve patients with primary lymphedema of the lower limb were examined with
      computed tomography (CT). A characteristic "honeycomb" pattern of the
      subcutaneous compartment was seen in 10 of these patients. CT scans in nine other
      patients with swollen leg secondary to chronic venous disease or lipedema did not
      show this characteristic pattern. CT may be helpful in the differential diagnosis
      of a swollen leg, thus obviating venography or lymphangiography.

PMID- 3871285
TI  - Quantification of dysmorphogenesis: pattern variability index, sigma z.
AB  - The pattern variability index (sigma z) is the standard deviation of Z-scored
      radiogrammetric measurements of an individual expressed relative to norms for age
      and gender. As applied to standardized measurements of the head and face, a sigma
      z value of 1.2 approximates the 95th percentile of the normal range of children,
      adolescents, and adults. Individuals with congenital malformation syndromes tend
      to exceed 1.2 in the pattern variability index and may achieve values of 1.8-2.0
      and above. sigma z thus provides objective indications of dysmorphogenesis and
      quantification of the degree of departure from the normal appearance.

PMID- 3871286
TI  - Plastic bronchitis: large, branching, mucoid bronchial casts in children.
AB  - Expectoration of large, branching, bronchial casts, termed plastic bronchitis, is
      an uncommon condition in children. Asthma or allergy often is the cause of cast
      production, but in some instances no etiology is found. Five children produced
      large, obstructing bronchial casts that either were expectorated or were
      extracted at bronchoscopy. Four of the children had asthma or allergies and the
      fifth had congenital tricuspid atresia and chronic pericardial and pleural
      effusions. In two patients, expectorated casts initially were thought to be
      aspirated food material. Radiographic findings during periods of cast formation
      included atelectasis, obstructive emphysema, bronchiectasis, pleural effusion,
      and pneumomediastinum. Cast formation may be self-limited but generally ceases
      with appropriate treatment of the causative disorder. Bronchoscopic extraction of
      casts may benefit some patients.

PMID- 3871287
TI  - Magnetic resonance demonstration of multiple sclerosis plaques in the cervical
      cord.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to be far more sensitive than
      computed tomography (CT) in the detection of multiple sclerosis plaques within
      the brain. Unlike CT, MRI is also able to detect multiple sclerosis in the
      brainstem and cerebellum. This report is the first description of MRI of multiple
      sclerosis plaques within the cervical spinal cord. Twenty-one patients with
      clinically typical multiple sclerosis had characteristic plaques within the
      brain. In 10 patients one or more plaques were identified in the cervical spinal
      cord. Plaques in the spinal cord were detected only in the upper cervical region
      using the 30-cm head radiofrequency coil. No lesions were identified using the
      larger-diameter body coil because of poorer signal-to-noise ratio. Further
      improvement in visualization of plaques in the lower cervical and thoracic spinal
      cord may depend on development of high-quality surface coils.

PMID- 3871288
TI  - Nonefficacy of routine removal of CSF during neurodiagnostic procedures.
AB  - The charts of 750 patients were reviewed to determine the value of routinely
      removing cerebrospinal fluid at the time of myelography and cisternography for
      chemical and cytologic examination. In most patients cerebrospinal fluid findings
      were normal. In the few abnormal studies, the findings were often uninformative,
      superfluous, or insufficient for appropriate diagnosis. In no instance did
      routine analysis of cerebrospinal fluid uncover occult disease. Routine removal
      of cerebrospinal fluid for analysis in radiologic spinal taps seems to be
      inappropriate, and removal should be dictated by the clinical context in which
      the procedure is performed.

PMID- 3871289
TI  - Interobserver discrepancies in distance measurements from lumbar spine CT scans.
AB  - Lumbar spine computed tomographic (CT) scans of 10 patients were examined
      independently at two levels by five experienced radiologists. At each level the
      minimum midline sagittal diameter was measured, and at each intervertebral space
      the left foramen was measured for its minimum diameter. Statistically significant
      differences were found between the measurements of different observers,
      differences that in a number of cases could have led to disagreement over whether
      or not stenosis was present. There were reasonably strong correlations between
      different observers' readings of midline sagittal diameters but generally not of
      foraminal diameters. Reasons for discrepancies between observers in spine CT
      measurements are reviewed briefly.

PMID- 3871291
TI  - Barium capsules.

PMID- 3871290
TI  - Anaphylactic and allergic reactions during double-contrast studies: is glucagon
      or barium suspension the allergen?
AB  - The authors report three anaphylactic reactions and one allergic reaction during
      double-contrast studies using glucagon. Symptoms included hives, periorbital
      edema, and breathing difficulties. Studies performed were three double-contrast
      barium enemas and one double-contrast upper gastrointestinal series. Glucagon
      injection and/or an additive in barium suspension are suspected as the likely
      causes. The allergic potential of glucagon injection, which is not generally
      appreciated, is reviewed.

PMID- 3871292
TI  - The total digital radiology department: an alternative view.

PMID- 3871293
TI  - Retinol-related hyperostosis.

PMID- 3871294
TI  - Total digital radiology: is it feasible or desirable? A response.

PMID- 3871295
TI  - Frequent marijuana use in adolescence.
AB  - Although the adolescent's first use of marijuana is rarely pleasant, peer
      pressure often causes continued experimenting and a search for the euphoric
      "high." Preoccupation with use of the drug leads to mood changes, withdrawal,
      academic underachievement and confusion. Family members may refuse to admit that
      a drug problem exists and may subsequently develop dependency problems of their
      own. By assuming responsibility for the adolescent's drug problem, a parent
      enables the drug use to continue. To break this cycle, family members must seek
      guidance from a rehabilitation professional.

PMID- 3871296
TI  - Prolongation of QT interval and antiarrhythmic action of bepridil.
AB  - Studies were undertaken with bepridil, a new calcium blocker that prolongs the QT
      interval, to determine the antiarrhythmic and possible arrhythmogenic properties
      of this agent. The technique of programmed electrical stimulation was employed to
      evaluate bepridil in 15 patients with symptomatic ventricular tachycardia (VT).
      Bepridil prevented VT induction in 7 of 15 patients. Bepridil prolonged the QT
      and refractoriness and a linear correlation could be demonstrated between the
      percent change in QTc and refractory period prolongation for the bepridil
      protected group. Bepridil in one patient reduced by one the number of stimuli
      required to induce VT, but no spontaneous arrhythmias were noted. Bepridil thus
      possesses antiarrhythmic properties with a minimal proarrhythmic effect.

PMID- 3871297
TI  - Alterations in contrast medium-induced coronary reactive hyperemia after bepridil
      in patients with coronary artery disease.
AB  - The acute effects of an intravenous infusion of bepridil (BEP) (4 mg . kg-1) on
      left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics, coronary sinus blood flow (CSBF), and
      myocardial metabolism were studied in eight patients with coronary artery
      disease. In contrast with data previously reported with calcium channel blockers,
      BEP induced an elevation in LV end-diastolic pressure from 12.0 +/- 7.1 to 20.1
      +/- 7.2 mm Hg (mean +/- SD, p less than 0.001) and a fall in LV dp/dt max from
      1339 +/- 302 to 1177 +/- 251 mm Hg . sec-1 (p less than 0.01). This significant
      alteration in LV function is likely to be explained by the lack of effect on
      heart rate and aortic pressure observed after an acute intravenous infusion of
      BEP. Myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) increased from 448 +/- 272 to 498 +/-
      273 mumol . min-1/100 g LV (p less than 0.05) as did CSBF from 79.5 +/- 42.7 to
      92.1 +/- 45.1 ml X min-1/100 g LV (p less than 0.01). Lactate extraction fell
      from 0.33 +/- 0.17 to 0.15 +/- 0.17 (p less than 0.05). A contrast medium-induced
      coronary reactive hyperemia (HPR) evidenced an increased hyperemic volume from
      9.5 +/- 3.6 to 12.1 +/- 4.5 ml/100 g LV (p less than 0.01) and HPR duration from
      23.3 +/- 6.9 to 32.3 +/- 15.4 sec (p less than 0.05) after BEP. However, the
      peak/resting CSBF ratio was blunted after BEP from 1.74 +/- 0.18 to 1.61 +/- 0.12
      (p less than 0.05), evidencing a net effect of BEP on HPR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3871298
TI  - Thallium-201 stress-redistribution myocardial rotational tomography: development
      of criteria for visual interpretation.
AB  - Despite high sensitivity and specificity for overall detection of coronary artery
      disease (CAD), planar stress-redistribution thallium-201 (Tl-201) scintigraphy
      remains suboptimal in localizing disease, because of overlap of myocardial
      segments. Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), by providing
      three-dimensional representation of myocardial Tl-201, offers promise for
      improved localization of CAD. In 50 consecutive patients (22 normal and 28 with
      CAD), who underwent SPECT stress-redistribution Tl-201 imaging, we systemically
      developed visual interpretive criteria for perfusion abnormality on SPECT. For
      overall detection of disease, the best criterion for abnormality was greater than
      or equal to 8 sectors of moderately decreased Tl-201 uptake. With this criterion,
      the true positive and true negative rates for overall detection of disease were
      96% and 91%, respectively. The best criterion for significant defect in the
      anterior or posterior coronary circulation was greater than or equal to 3 sectors
      of moderately decreased Tl-201 uptake. With this criterion, the true positive and
      true negative rates for anterior circulation disease were 71% and 100%,
      respectively. With respect to posterior circulation disease, the true positive
      and true negative rates were 100% and 50%, respectively. Regarding identification
      of dual circulation disease, the true positive and true negative rates were 71%
      and 82%, respectively.

PMID- 3871299
TI  - Effect of coronary bypass surgery and valve replacement on left ventricular
      function: assessment by intraoperative two-dimensional echocardiography.
AB  - Intraoperative two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) was performed in 15
      patients during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and in 14 patients during
      aortic (AVR) or mitral valve replacement (MVR) before and immediately after
      cardiopulmonary bypass by means of a 3.5 MHz transducer. Left ventricular
      ejection fraction (LVEF), end-diastolic (LVEDV) and end-systolic (LVESV) volumes
      were measured by a light pen system and biplane Simpson's rule from short-axis
      and apical two-chamber views. In seven patients with CABG and new abnormal Q
      waves or greater than 5% MB to total CPK ratio postoperatively, the mean LVEF
      decreased significantly (from 52 +/- 10 to 43 +/- 12%, p = 0.005). Patients
      undergoing MVR for mitral regurgitation showed, a significant decrease in LVEF
      (from 63 +/- 10 to 42 +/- 23%, p less than 0.025) and LVEDV (from 166 +/- 34 to
      147 +/- 44 ml, p less than 0.05). Mean LVEF also decreased after AVR for aortic
      regurgitation (from 46 +/- 16 to 26 +/- 15%, p less than 0.05). Six patients with
      valve replacement and postoperative hypotension had the greatest decrease in
      intraoperative LVEF (from 50 +/- 12 to 24 +/- 10%, p less than 0.005). It is
      concluded that: Intraoperative 2DE can be used to assess immediate changes in
      left ventricular function after CABG or valve replacement. LVEF decreases
      significantly immediately after AVR for aortic regurgitation and MVR for mitral
      regurgitation. Intraoperative 2DE may identify those patients who can benefit
      from inotropic support in the immediate postoperative period after valve
      replacement.

PMID- 3871300
TI  - Calcium channel blockers that prolong the QT interval.
AB  - The development of a group of calcium channel blockers that prolong the QT
      interval has raised interest in their possible proarrhythmic potential. In animal
      experiments lidoflazine has no observed arrhythmogenic potential and no
      antiarrhythmic potential in a model sensitive to the antiarrhythmic properties of
      both conventional and investigational agents. This lack of antiarrhythmic
      potential reduces the possible proarrhythmic potential even further, since it has
      been my observation that many of the more potent antiarrhythmic agents may
      facilitate arrhythmias in a considerable percentage of the most severely ill
      patients. Bepridil has both slow channel blocking properties and fast channel
      blocking effects and thus possesses an antiarrhythmic effect beyond the
      prolongation of repolarization. Even though early studies with humans showed the
      drug to be no more effective than the conventional reference agent procainamide,
      its potential cannot be fully assessed by these preliminary studies. The
      assessment of arrhythmogenicity is determined by use of the technique of PES.
      This technique has been shown effective in identifying patients with electrical
      instability and in identifying the effectiveness of antiarrhythmic agents in
      preventing VT and sudden death. Thus it seems probable that PES studies may be
      effective in predicting which drug or agent would facilitate arrhythmias.
      Alcohol, caffeine, cigarette smoke, and catecholamines facilitate PES induction
      of VT, lending support to the hypothesis that PES studies can be used to identify
      proarrhythmic drugs. In fact, patients who experience cardiac arrest on a class I
      agent can have VT provoked on that agent but not on antiarrhythmic drug therapy.
      PES thus identifies the proarrhythmic effect of the drug in that particular
      patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3871301
TI  - Influence of magnesium ion on human ventricular defibrillation after
      aortocoronary bypass surgery.
AB  - The administration of magnesium ion (Mg++) has been reported to defibrillate the
      ventricles and to decrease the incidence of arrhythmias after cardiopulmonary
      bypass. In a prospective study of 76 randomly selected patients undergoing
      coronary artery bypass grafting, patients received either no Mg++, 0.25 mEq/kg of
      Mg++ during cardiopulmonary bypass with the aorta clamped, or 0.375 mEq/kg of
      Mg++ before cardiopulmonary bypass. Spontaneous resumption of a cardiac rhythm or
      spontaneous defibrillation during reperfusion was not significantly affected by
      Mg++ administration. However, the number of shocks to initial and to sustained
      defibrillation and the energy required for the last direct-current shock was
      greatest in patients who received Mg++ before bypass and in those whose plasma
      Mg++ was greater than 2.26 mg/dl. Thus, the administration of Mg++ may have
      adverse effects on the heart if intraoperative plasma Mg++ exceeds 2.26 mg/dl.

PMID- 3871302
TI  - Remnant saphenous veins after aortocoronary bypass grafting: analysis of 3,394
      centimeters of unused vein from 402 patients.
AB  - To assess the status of a saphenous vein (SV) excised for coronary artery bypass
      grafting (CABG), 3,394 cm of remnant SV from 402 patients who underwent CABG were
      examined. The SV remnants were 0.5 to 52 cm long (mean 8.4). They were sectioned
      into 5-mm-long segments, and the resulting 6,788 five-millimeter segments were
      examined histologically: 5,896 (87%) were narrowed 0 to 25% in cross-sectional
      area by fibrous tissue; 853 (12%) were narrowed 26 to 50%; 23 (0.6%), 51 to 75%,
      and 16 (0.4%) segments were narrowed 76 to 100%. Of the 16 segments severely
      narrowed, 7 (44%) were nearly totally occluded by fibrous tissue. In 17 patients
      who died within 24 hours of CABG, similar degrees of luminal narrowing were
      observed in remnant segments and in utilized segments of SV. Thus, significant
      preexisting luminal narrowing of SV used for CABG is infrequent. The intimal
      fibrous thickening is variable within the same vein when each 5-mm-long segment
      is analyzed; it is variable from 1 vein to another in the same patient, and it
      varies among patients.

PMID- 3871303
TI  - Multicentric angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's disease)
      followed by Kaposi's sarcoma in two homosexual males with the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
AB  - Two homosexual men with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who
      developed a multicentric variant of angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia
      (AFLNH) (Castleman's disease) and Kaposi's sarcoma are reported. Both had diffuse
      adenopathy, splenomegaly, and a systemic inflammatory state. Both had an absolute
      increase in Leu 1+ lymphocytes, which was associated with markedly decreased Leu
      3+ lymphocytes, markedly increased Leu-2+ lymphocytes, and a very low Leu 3/2
      ratio. The lymphocytes of both patients had a normal blastogenic response to PHA.
      The lymphocytes of patient 1 had a poor response to autologous or allogenic cells
      in the mixed lymphocyte culture reaction. AFLNH represents another
      lymphoreticular complication of AIDS. Given the interrelationships between AFLNH,
      the development of Kaposi's sarcoma, and the aggressive clinical course seen in
      our two patients and those in the literature, the aggressive use of lymph node
      biopsy may be an important prognostic tool for the patient with the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3871304
TI  - Fatal ruptured duodenal varix: a case report and review of literature.
AB  - The incidence of bleeding duodenal varices is exceedingly rare. We report a case
      of a 35-year-old chronic alcoholic who died of severe fatal upper
      gastrointestinal bleeding from a ruptured duodenal varix located in the second
      portion of duodenum. This diagnosis was suspected at endoscopy and was confirmed
      at autopsy. A review of literature shows 20 case reports of bleeding duodenal
      varices with two fatalities. While the duodenal bulb is the most common site of
      varices, the second portion of duodenum appears to be the next most common site.
      From all of the possible causes of duodenal varix, chronic liver diseases, mainly
      cirrhosis, remains the predominant etiological factor accounting for 30.7% of
      reported cases.

PMID- 3871305
TI  - Rectal bleeding due to diversion colitis.

PMID- 3871306
TI  - Emergency combined angiographic and endoscopic Neodymium-YAG laser treatment of a
      complicated case of massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
AB  - Emergency combined angiographic and endoscopic Neodymium-YAG laser treatment is
      described in an elderly patient with massive hemorrhage from the afferent limb
      stump of a Billroth II anastomosis after surgical resection of a gastric
      carcinoma. In patients with bleeding lesions, who are not operative candidates,
      such an approach can be life-saving.

PMID- 3871307
TI  - Infectious antecedent of immunoblastic lymphoma. Progressive immunosuppression in
      a patient with lymphogranuloma venereum.
AB  - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy is a nonmalignant disease of unknown etiology
      often progressing to immunoblastic lymphoma. Immunologic deficiency is evident in
      these patients as well as in those with various infections found in association
      with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This report describes a
      previously healthy young woman in whom angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy
      developed in association with lymphogranuloma venereum, with progressive loss of
      immunologic competence. This deterioration paralleled the evolution of
      angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy into a rapidly fatal immunoblastic lymphoma.

PMID- 3871308
TI  - 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of perfused single frog skins.
AB  - Perfusion of single frog skins has produced stability of the 31P-nuclear magnetic
      resonance (NMR) spectra over periods as long as 8 h at room temperature. With
      this approach, relatively large phosphocreatine (PCr) signals were recorded for
      each of the 12 frog skins studied. The ratio of the concentration of PCr to ATP
      was estimated to be 0.76 +/- 0.07, a value an order of magnitude larger than that
      previously reported. Comparison of the ratio of the intracellular concentrations
      of inorganic phosphate (Pi) to ATP determined in the present NMR study with that
      previously estimated by chemical analysis suggests that little intracellular Pi
      is likely to be immobilized. Inclusion of methylphosphonate in the perfusing
      solutions permitted simultaneous determination of extracellular and intracellular
      pH from the NMR spectra alone. The methylphosphonate has been found to be
      nontoxic. At an extracellular pH of 7.72 +/- 0.04, the intracellular pH was 7.47
      +/- 0.06.

PMID- 3871309
TI  - Gastric surface cell function: potential difference and mucosal barrier.

PMID- 3871310
TI  - Cognitive function after coronary bypass surgery: effect of decreased cerebral
      blood flow.
AB  - The effect of regional cerebral blood flow during coronary bypass surgery on
      performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination was studied in 14 patients. No
      association between lowered regional cerebral blood flow and cognitive scores was
      found.

PMID- 3871311
TI  - Depression in borderline personality disorder: lifetime prevalence at interview
      and longitudinal course of symptoms.
AB  - The author compared a group of patients with borderline personality disorder with
      groups of subjects with antisocial personality and bipolar II illness. The
      lifetime prevalence at interview of DSM-III major depression was high in all
      groups. Chronic depression demonstrated a specific relationship to borderline
      psychopathology. Prospectively, borderline psychopathology predicted high levels
      of depressive and anxiety symptoms. This relationship was reversed for depressive
      symptoms in patients with antisocial personality disorder, suggesting that when
      borderline and antisocial personality disorders occur together, some features may
      arise that differentiate patients with both disorders from those with either
      disorder alone.

PMID- 3871312
TI  - Clinical correlates of decreased anteroposterior metabolic gradients in positron
      emission tomography (PET) of schizophrenic patients.
AB  - The finding in schizophrenic patients of a reversal of the normal frontal to
      posterior pattern of brain metabolic activity with positron emission tomography
      (PET) is of interest, but its relevance to psychopathology is unknown. Using PET,
      the authors studied 21 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 21 age- and sex
      matched control subjects. Although eight of the 21 patients and only one of the
      control subjects showed a relatively lower anteroposterior metabolic gradient, no
      clinical correlates of this finding were noted. In addition, cerebral atrophy, as
      determined by CAT scan, was not associated with this aberrant metabolic pattern.

PMID- 3871313
TI  - Plasma levels of beta-blocking drugs prior to coronary artery bypass surgery.

PMID- 3871314
TI  - Demonstration of a free elastolytic metalloenzyme in human lung lavage fluid and
      its relationship to alpha1-antiprotease.

PMID- 3871315
TI  - Acute effect of smoking on the functional activity of alpha1-protease inhibitor
      in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
AB  - To assess the acute effect of smoking on the functional activity of alpha1
      protease inhibitor (alpha-Pl) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), we studied 38
      smokers (mean age 25 +/- 6.5 yr), who had 2 fiberoptic bronchoscopic lavages in
      sequence, the first after 8 h of abstinence from smoking, and the second at
      varying time intervals after smoking. Twenty-two smokers were tested before, and
      10 min to 3 h after, smoking 2 medium-tar filter cigarettes; 16 smokers were were
      tested before, and 2 min to 60 min after, smoking 4 cigarettes. Eight nonsmoking
      volunteers had 2 BAL performed in sequence as control subjects. Initial BAL from
      control subjects and from smokers after 8 h of abstinence had similar alpha-Pl
      activity (mean 0.495 +/- SD 0.017 micrograms of pancreatic elastase/micrograms
      alpha-Pl, about 90% of the activity of purified alpha-Pl). After smoking, we did
      not find significant inactivation of alpha-Pl except in the 6 smokers lavaged 1 h
      after smoking 2 cigarettes, whose alpha-Pl activity decreased slightly to 90.0 +/
      SD 10.6% of their initial activity (p less than 0.05). We also obtained BAL from
      7 smokers only after smoking, and did not find inactivation of alpha-Pl. We
      conclude that in young healthy smokers: (1) alpha-Pl in BAL after 8 h of
      abstinence from smoking is active similar to nonsmoking control subjects, and (2)
      after smoking 2 to 4 cigarettes, there is no, or very limited, inactivation of
      alpha-Pl.

PMID- 3871316
TI  - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

PMID- 3871317
TI  - Leukopenia, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and folinic acid.

PMID- 3871318
TI  - Management of acute dysuria. A decision-analysis model of alternative strategies.
AB  - A decision-analysis model was developed to estimate the effects and costs of
      alternative initial management strategies for women presenting with dysuria and
      pyuria. We compared days of morbidity and direct medical costs associated with
      single-dose and multiple-dose regimens of amoxicillin and trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole and examined the cost-effectiveness of doing an initial urine
      culture. We used varying assumptions for prevalence of etiologic agents,
      treatment efficacy, frequency of side effects, and duration of symptoms. Single
      dose regimens were preferable to multiple-dose regimens of either drug, and
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was preferable to amoxicillin. Single-dose
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy resulted in the fewest expected symptom
      days (2.7) and the lowest expected cost (+54). The advantage of single-dose
      strategies in minimizing expected symptom-days resulted largely from the
      threefold to fourfold increase in the incidence of side effects reported with
      multiple-dose therapy. Obtaining an initial urine culture in all patients reduced
      expected symptom-days by about 10% but increased expected cost by about 40%.

PMID- 3871319
TI  - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and folinic acid.

PMID- 3871320
TI  - [Augmentation of resistance against metastatic tumor cells after local
      administration of PSK].
AB  - Local administration of PSK augmented the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes and
      the induction of resistance against metastatic tumor. Augmented generation of
      cytotoxic lymphocytes may be ascribed to local effects of PSK in the lymph nodes,
      since this is mediated by Lyt-1+2+ cells. Local administration of PSK increased
      the threshold number of metastatic tumors eliminated by hosts. This finding seems
      to be important in relation to augmentation of resistance against metastasis or
      local implantation with a limited number of tumor cells.

PMID- 3871321
TI  - Evaluation of the Proximate-ILS circular stapler. A prospective study.
AB  - In a prospective open study of the Proximate ILS circular stapler, the results of
      125 intestinal anastomoses in 119 patients were reviewed. Intraoperative leakage
      was observed in five instances, after intraluminal povidone instillation,
      necessitating suture-line reinforcement. In three instances, incomplete tissue
      rings (donuts) were found. Temporary fecal diversion was used in seven of 84
      patients with anastomoses made to the rectum or anal canal. Roentgenographic
      assessment of 79 of these anastomoses using Gastrografin demonstrated a leak in
      three (3.8%). There was one clinical leak (0.9%) in the series. Three patients
      died (2.5%), none from anastomotic complications. Transient anastomotic
      strictures were found in three of 82 operative survivors where the anastomosis
      was within range of the proctoscope. There were no instances of significant
      hemorrhage from the anastomosis. No patient required anastomotic revision, and of
      the 51 survivors of cancer surgery where proctoscopy could evaluate the
      anastomosis, there was no evidence of local recurrence in the period of follow up
      (mean 16.3 months). The authors conclude: that the Proximate ILS is a safe,
      reliable and effective instrument for construction of intestinal anastomoses.

PMID- 3871322
TI  - Late postoperative tamponade following coronary artery bypass grafting in
      patients on antiplatelet therapy.
AB  - Myocardial revascularization was performed in 1,361 patients over a 66-month
      period (February, 1978 to August, 1983) without a single occurrence of late
      cardiac tamponade. During a subsequent 4-month-period, aspirin and dipyridamole
      were administered routinely to all coronary bypass patients. The incidence of
      late cardiac tamponade rose significantly (p less than 0.001) to 3 of 85 patients
      (3.5%). Routine perioperative administration of aspirin and dipyridamole to
      patients undergoing myocardial revascularization may be associated with an
      increased incidence of delayed cardiac tamponade.

PMID- 3871323
TI  - Long-term patency of polytetrafluoroethylene vascular grafts in coronary artery
      surgery.
AB  - Patients undergoing coronary revascularization may not have suitable autologous
      vessels for coronary artery grafting and therefore may need vascular prostheses.
      We present a case report of a patient undergoing coronary artery bypass with
      polytetrafluoroethylene vascular grafts. Follow-up has been 53 months, and the
      grafts remain patent.

PMID- 3871324
TI  - Transplant site affects splenic T- and B-cell survival and function.
AB  - We killed control animals and those with intraperitoneal and subcutaneous splenic
      autotransplants at intervals of up to one year to study gross, microscopic, and
      immunologic characteristics that might explain previously observed experimental
      variations in protection against postsplenectomy sepsis. Lymphocyte cell
      populations were studied qualitatively using concanavalin A (ConA)--and
      phytohemagglutinin--stimulated tritiated thymidine incorporation, and
      quantitatively by immunofluorescence assay. Subcutaneous implants showed fibrosis
      and lost mass, which was reflected in reduced numbers of functional B- and T-cell
      lymphocytes. Intraperitoneal implants grew during the observation period and
      demonstrated normal numbers of functional B- and T-cell lymphocytes. Previous
      experimental results showing protection against postsplenectomy sepsis following
      intraperitoneal but not subcutaneous autotransplantation may be the result of
      maintaining normal numbers of functional lymphocytes in the transplanted splenic
      tissue rather than a qualitative change in cellular function.

PMID- 3871325
TI  - B-cell abnormalities in multiple sclerosis. A hypothesis.
AB  - Quantitative and qualitative (oligoclonal band) immunoglobulin abnormalities are
      one of the hallmarks of multiple sclerosis. The usual explanations offered for
      these abnormalities include persistent antigenic stimulation, "nonsense"
      antibody, immunodysregulation, and nonspecific polyclonal stimulation. We propose
      that an intrinsic B-cell abnormality leads to the immunoglobulin disturbances-
      perhaps in association with one of the aforementioned mechanisms. Genetic
      translocations and abnormalities in the normal B cell developmental
      immunoglobulin rearrangements could produce a selective advantage for certain B
      cells or enhance transcription causing clonal proliferation with the subsequent
      production of oligoclonal immunoglobulin bands. Cytogenetic and molecular
      hybridization studies of the B cell may help answer these issues.

PMID- 3871326
TI  - Primary CNS lymphoma in the cerebellopontine angle. Report of a case.
AB  - We report a case of primary CNS lymphoma that appeared as a cerebellopontine
      angle lesion, an initial observation not previously reported, to our knowledge.
      In general, primary CNS lymphoma remains localized to the CNS, with death
      occurring from localized recurrence. Radiation therapy after open biopsy is the
      treatment of choice, and achieves a good three-year outcome. However, five-year
      outcome with this treatment is poor.

PMID- 3871327
TI  - Spontaneous and diet-induced coronary atherosclerosis in normal swine and swine
      with von Willebrand disease.
AB  - We have observed that pigs with impaired platelet function in the form of severe
      von Willebrand's disease (vWd) are resistant to spontaneous and to diet-induced
      aortic atherosclerosis. However, it has been reported that vWd pigs are
      susceptible to coronary atherosclerosis produced by balloon-induced injury of
      coronary arteries combined with an atherogenic diet. We have evaluated the
      development of coronary atherosclerosis in normal control (NC) and homozygous vWd
      pigs in two prospective studies: 1) as a spontaneous process in five NC and vWd
      pigs receiving a regular diet from the age of 3 months to 4 years; and 2) in nine
      NC and five vWd receiving a high-fat and high-cholesterol (2%) diet from the age
      of 3 to 9 months. All of the coronary arteries were analyzed postmortem in 5-mm
      sections. None of the NC nor the vWd pigs in the spontaneous study showed
      coronary atherosclerosis or myocardial lesions. In the study of diet-induced
      atherosclerosis, only one NC and one vWd pig had discrete stenoses; the stenoses
      affected the three coronary arteries and were significant (50% to 80%) in the NC
      and mild (greater than 25%) in the vWd pigs; no pigs showed myocardial lesions.
      Pigs with vWd are resistant to atherosclerosis of the aorta. To assess the
      resistance or susceptibility to coronary disease in these pigs, a longer follow
      up study would be necessary.

PMID- 3871328
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus and common variable panhypogammaglobulinemia: a
      patient with absence of circulating B cells.

PMID- 3871329
TI  - Spondylitic disease without radiologic evidence of sacroiliitis in relatives of
      HLA-B27 positive ankylosing spondylitis patients.
AB  - We report 2 independently-conducted family studies of HLA-B27 positive probands
      with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), both of which support the view that the
      clinical spectrum of AS is broader than ordinarily assumed, and should include
      individuals who have symptomatic disease but who do not show radiologic evidence
      of abnormalities of the sacroiliac joints or the spine. In the Cleveland study of
      100 relatives of 30 B27 positive AS probands, 9 relatives did not show radiologic
      abnormalities of the sacroiliac joints or the spine but had symptoms of chronic
      inflammatory back pain previously reported to be characteristic of AS. These 9
      relatives were all subsequently found to possess B27, in contrast with only 27 of
      60 asymptomatic relatives (P less than 0.01). In the Leiden study of 101
      relatives of 20 randomly chosen B27 positive AS probands, 13 of 86 relatives
      without radiographic evidence of sacroiliitis reported "thoracic pain and
      stiffness," as defined in the Rome criteria for AS. Twelve of these 13
      symptomatic relatives were B27 positive. In contrast, among the remaining 73
      relatives, only 33 were B27 positive (P less than 0.01). The occurrence of these
      characteristic spondylitic symptoms in B27 positive, but not B27 negative,
      relatives of AS probands suggests that the spectrum of the clinical
      manifestations of AS may include individuals with symptomatic disease, but
      without radiographic evidence of abnormalities of the sacroiliac joints or the
      spine. The relatively large number of females we found in this group suggests
      that women are more likely to manifest this variety of disease than are men.

PMID- 3871330
TI  - Evolution of primary Raynaud's phenomenon (Raynaud's disease) to connective
      tissue disease.
AB  - Eighty-seven patients diagnosed as having primary Raynaud's phenomenon (Raynaud's
      disease) were reexamined after this symptom had been present for a mean of 8.8
      years (range 2.0-34.5). One or more additional clinical feature(s) suggesting an
      underlying connective tissue disease were found in 12 patients (14%) at first
      evaluation, and in 23 (26%) by the last evaluation. The most frequent findings
      were puffy fingers (10 patients), digital tip pitting scars (8 patients), and
      digital tip ulcerations (6 patients). Distal esophageal hypomotility and/or
      decreased pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide were found in 12
      patients. Only 4 individuals (5%) developed clear evidence of a connective tissue
      disease, and in all cases, the diagnosis was the CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud's
      phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasias) syndrome
      variant of systemic sclerosis. This condition became obvious 8-17 years after the
      onset of Raynaud's phenomenon. One or more serologic test values were initially
      abnormal in 2 of these CREST syndrome patients, as well as in 12 patients who
      continued to have primary Raynaud's phenomenon at the last evaluation. The
      combination of puffy fingers, digital pitting scars, and serum anticentromere
      antibody, all consistent with CREST syndrome, occurred in a small group of
      patients. None of the 78 patients whose serologic tests were repeated during
      followup had a change in the serologic profile. These results suggest that only a
      small proportion of patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon develop one of the
      connective tissue diseases during the first decade after onset. When such a
      disorder does appear, systemic sclerosis with the CREST syndrome variant is the
      most likely eventual diagnosis.

PMID- 3871331
TI  - Treatment of tachycardias associated with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome by
      transvenous electrical ablation of accessory pathways.
AB  - Three patients with tachycardias associated with the Wolff-Parkinson-White
      syndrome had failed to respond to antiarrhythmic drugs and underwent transvenous
      ablation of accessory pathways. Intracardiac studies located the site of
      accessory pathway to the septum in two patients and mid-posterobasal left
      atrioventricular junction in one. Ablation was performed by positioning an
      electrode lead as close as possible to the accessory tract and delivering shocks
      of 50 to 100J using a conventional defibrillator. In all patients the accessory
      pathway was abolished after the first three shocks. In two patients followed for
      four and nine months there was no recurrence of tachycardia or pre-excitation.
      The other patient developed pre-excitation again three weeks later and repeat
      ablation was performed. This patient has been followed for six months with no
      evidence of a recurrence of pre-excitation. This method may provide a valuable
      alternative to pacemaker and surgical treatment in selected patients with drug
      resistant arrhythmias associated with accessory atrioventricular connexions.

PMID- 3871333
TI  - Accuracy of angiographic appearances of the coronary arteries.

PMID- 3871332
TI  - Left ventricular volume and ejection fraction determined by gated blood pool
      emission tomography.
AB  - Electrocardiogram gated single photon emission computed tomography of the
      intracardiac blood pools is a recent development that involves the acquisition of
      images in multiple projections after in vivo erythrocyte labelling with
      technetium-99m and reconstruction of these images into tomographic sections in
      any desired plane. The technique was used in 25 subjects to measure left
      ventricular volume, by summing the areas of the ventricle in each of the
      tomographic sections, and the results compared with those using a counts based
      (non-geometric) technique from planar radionuclide ventriculography. Endocardium
      was defined with the aid of a contour at 43% of maximum left ventricular counts,
      and this contour was validated for a left ventricular phantom. Correlation
      between tomographic and counts based left ventricular volume was close.
      Similarly, ejection fraction correlated well. The technique is therefore an
      accurate method for determining left ventricular volume and ejection fraction,
      avoiding the assumptions about shape made by other geometric methods.

PMID- 3871334
TI  - Studies on cytochrome P-450 (P-450 17 alpha,lyase) from guinea pig adrenal
      microsomes. Dual function of a single enzyme and effect of cytochrome b5.
AB  - We have reported (Kominami, S., Shinzawa K. and Takemori, S. (1982) Biochem.
      Biophys. Res. Commun. 109, 916-921) that a cytochrome P-450 purified from guinea
      pig adrenal microsomes shows 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C-17,20-lyase activities in
      a reconstituted system with NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. The homogeneity of
      the purified cytochrome P-450 was examined with the following methods:
      isoelectric focusing, immunoelectrophoresis and affinity chromatography on
      cytochrome b5-immobilized Sepharose. It was found that progesterone competitively
      inhibited C-17,20-lyase reaction and that progesterone was converted into
      androstenedione by 17 alpha-hydroxylation followed by the lyase reaction. These
      results indicate that the dual activities are carried out by a single enzyme (P
      450 17 alpha,lyase). P-450 17 alpha,lyase had the maximum activity at pH 6.1 both
      for 17 alpha-hydroxylation (6.0 nmol/min per nmol of P-450) and the lyase
      reaction (11.0 nmol/min per nmol of P-450). Upon addition of cytochrome b5 to the
      reconstituted system, the optimal pH for 17 alpha-hydroxylation was shifted to
      7.0 and that of the lyase reaction to 6.6. The maximum activities at these
      optimal pH values were almost the same in the presence or absence of cytochrome
      b5. With the addition of cytochrome b5, both the activities were stimulated above
      pH 6.3-6.5 and were suppressed below pH 6.3-6.5. These results indicate that
      cytochrome b5 plays some important role in controlling the dual activities of P
      450 17alpha,lyase.

PMID- 3871335
TI  - Binding of [3H]triamcinolone acetonide-receptor complexes to chromatin from the B
      cell leukemia line, BCL1.
AB  - The binding characteristics of partially purified glucocorticoid receptor
      complexes from hormone sensitive, non-differentiating BCL1 cells to sequentially
      deproteinized BCL1 chromatin-cellulose was investigated. [3H]Triamcinolone
      acetonide (TA)-receptor complexes were purified (approx. 30-fold) from DEAE
      cellulose columns by salt elution which allowed receptor activation only in the
      absence of molybdate. Addition of 10 mM molybdate completely blocked salt
      activation. The binding pattern of the activated [3H]TA-receptor complexes to
      chromatin-cellulose extracted with 0-8 M guanidine hydrochloride revealed three
      regions of increased binding activity (acceptor sites), at 2, 5 and 7 M guanidine
      hydrochloride. Acceptor site binding was markedly reduced for chromatin extracted
      with 3, 6 and 8 M guanidine hydrochloride. Non-activated receptor complexes
      demonstrated very low binding to deproteinized chromatin. It was also shown that
      chromatin binding required glucocorticoid receptors and that free ligand or
      ligand bound to other proteins did not bind significantly to chromatin. In
      addition, binding of [3H]TA-receptor complexes to partially deproteinized
      chromatin was competable by unlabeled TA-receptor complexes. Scatchard analysis
      demonstrated that chromatin from non-differentiating BCL1 cells possesses
      multiple, high-affinity binding sites which differ in their affinity for the
      glucocorticoid receptor. Partially deproteinized chromatin from
      lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BCL1 cells demonstrated a different pattern of
      receptor binding, i.e., receptor binding was significantly greater to chromatin
      previously extracted with 6-8 M guanidine hydrochloride. These results suggest
      that differentiation alters the state of chromatin and the interaction of non
      histone protein/DNA acceptor sites with glucocorticoid receptors. These
      alterations may play a role in the acquisition of hormone resistance.

PMID- 3871336
TI  - The separation of phosphocreatine from creatine, and pH determination in frog
      muscle by natural abundance 13C-NMR.
AB  - Phosphocreatine can be separated from creatine in superfused frog muscle by
      natural abundance 13C-NMR, based on the difference in resonance frequency of
      their guanidino carbons. After taking into account the longitudinal relaxation
      times and nuclear Overhauser enhancement factors, the integrated peak areas of
      the guanidino carbons could be used for determination of the phosphocreatine-to
      creatine ratio in the muscle. The pH dependence of the chemical shift of the C-2
      carbon in the histidine ring of carnosine was used for estimation of the
      intracellular pH in the intact muscle.

PMID- 3871337
TI  - Protein conservation by the immature intestine.
AB  - Uptake of intact macromolecules by the immature gut is a well-known phenomenon,
      but no information exists on the possibility that there is also increased protein
      loss in the intestinal lumen in preterm infants. We determined alpha-1
      antitrypsin (A-1-AT) levels in fecal samples from 39 infants born after 27-41
      weeks of gestation from birth up to 30 days of age. A-1-AT levels were elevated
      only in meconial stools, and low in nonmeconial stools, regardless of associated
      respiratory disorders, drug administration, and type of nutrition. This study
      shows that the immature gut has a mature pattern of protein conservation at least
      as early as after 29 weeks of gestation.

PMID- 3871338
TI  - Augmentation of pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin production by cord T-cell
      supernatants.
AB  - Adult mononuclear cells were stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in the
      presence of supernatants from cord T cells which had been previously stimulated
      with PWM for 24 h. Increased IgM, IgG and IgA production, as measured by ELISA,
      was observed with the addition of increasing concentrations of cord T-cell
      supernatants. The most significant increase in immunoglobulin production was
      observed with IgM (p less than 0.001). Cord T lymphocytes appear to be capable of
      producing soluble helper factors which augment immunoglobulin production by adult
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 3871339
TI  - [Heterophile antibodies to the antigens of myocardial interstitial connective
      tissue and erythrocytes in animals of different species].
AB  - Reactions of heterophilic antibodies with antigens of the interstitial connective
      tissue (ICT) of the myocardium of different animals were studied and compared.
      The reactions were identical on bovine, pig, sheep and rabbit myocardium. The
      heterophilic antigen of the ICT of bovine myocardium was also found on bovine,
      rabbit and rat red cells and was absent on sheep red blood cells. It is suggested
      that heterophilic antigen of the ICT of the bovine myocardium is a novel
      heterophilic antigen, the specificity of which is linked with D-galactose and
      which differs from antigens of other heterophilic systems.

PMID- 3871340
TI  - Spurious E rosette formation in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia due to
      monoclonal anti-sheep RBC antibody.
AB  - The apparent simultaneous presence of surface markers characteristic of both B
      and T cells is a phenomenon being described with increasing frequency in patients
      with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We describe a patient with CLL whose B
      lymphocytes possessed surface immunoglobulin reactive with neuraminidase-treated
      sheep erythrocytes (SRBCs) and produced E rosette formation. Cytofluorography
      using monoclonal antibodies demonstrated the B cell nature of these cells and the
      absence of the SRBC receptor. Further documentation that the binding of SRBCs was
      mediated through immunologic reaction included E rosette formation inhibition by
      monospecific antisera and hemagglutination of SRBCs by a paraprotein isolated
      from the patient's serum. Fusion of the CLL cells with a human hypoxanthine
      aminopterin-thymidine-sensitive plasma cell line resulted in the production of
      human hybridomas that secreted the SRBC-reactive IgM antibody. An analysis of
      clinical histories of CLL patients whose cells exhibited this phenomenon from
      both immunologic and clinical perspectives is presented.

PMID- 3871341
TI  - Optimal elimination of leukemic T cells from human bone marrow with T101-ricin A
      chain immunotoxin.
AB  - In view of bone marrow purging before autologous transplantation in T cell
      malignancies, an anti-human T cell immunotoxin (IT) has been prepared by coupling
      ricin A-chain to the monoclonal antibody T101 that binds the T1 differentiation
      antigen expressed by T lymphocytes as well as by T cell-derived hematologic
      malignancies. Using a sensitive and reliable clonogenic assay, optimal conditions
      were defined for the elimination of clonogenic human T leukemic cells among bone
      marrow cells. Maximal cytoreduction was obtained with IT at a dose of 2
      micrograms/mL in the presence of 10 mmol/L NH4Cl. This treatment led to the
      reduction of more than six orders of magnitude of T101-positive clonogenic
      leukemic cells, with no harm to T101-negative cells. Moreover, we observed no
      toxicity of IT to human hematopoietic stem cells (CFU-GEMMT) derived from bone
      marrow of healthy volunteers. Thus, pretreatment of bone marrow samples with IT
      plus NH4Cl offers a safe, simple, reliable, and highly efficient means to
      eliminate undesirable leukemic T cells from the graft.

PMID- 3871342
TI  - Effect of cleavage of the heavy chain of human plasma kallikrein on its
      functional properties.
AB  - Human plasma kallikrein consists of an N-terminal heavy chain of molecular weight
      (mol wt) 52,000, linked by disulfide bonds to two light chain variants (mol wt
      36,000 or 33,000). Although the active catalytic site of kallikrein resides on
      the C-terminal light chain, the role of the N-terminal heavy chain is less clear.
      We therefore studied an enzyme designated beta-kallikrein, containing a single
      cleavage in the heavy chain (mol wt 28,000 + 18,000) and compared it to the
      enzyme, alpha-kallikrein, with an intact heavy chain. The rates of inactivation
      by C1 inhibitor of plasma alpha- and beta-kallikreins were kinetically identical,
      as measured by residual amidolytic activity, after various times of incubation
      with the inhibitor. Both enzymes reacted completely with C1 inhibitor after 18
      hours and formed identical C1 inhibitor-kallikrein complexes of mol wt 195,000.
      The rate of activation of factor XII by alpha-kallikrein and beta-kallikrein was
      similar. In contrast, the rate of cleavage of high molecular weight kininogen
      (HMWK) by alpha-kallikrein was at least fivefold faster and the ratio of
      coagulant activity to amidolytic activity was fourfold greater than for beta
      kallikrein. Plasma alpha-kallikrein, at concentrations potentially achievable in
      plasma, induced aggregation of neutrophils, but beta-kallikrein failed to elicit
      this response. In addition, human neutrophils pretreated with cytochalasin B
      released 2.46 +/- 0.10 microgram/10(7) cells of elastase antigen, but beta
      kallikrein released only 0.25 +/- 0.10 micrograms/10(7) cells. These observations
      suggest that cleavage of the heavy chain influences the rate of cleavage of HMWK
      and decreases its coagulant activity. Moreover, an intact heavy chain appears to
      be requisite to support the ability of kallikrein to aggregate neutrophils and
      release elastase.

PMID- 3871343
TI  - Characterization of immature T cell subpopulations in neonatal blood.

PMID- 3871344
TI  - Preliminary clinical observations with recombinant interleukin-2 in patients with
      AIDS or LAS.
AB  - The toxicity of recombinant Interleukin-2 (IL-2) was studied in patients with
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or persistent lymphadenopathy syndrome
      (LAS). Increasing doses of the drug from 10(3) Units/m2 to 10(6) U/m2 were given
      as an intravenous bolus injection. At the high-dose levels some minor effects,
      such as fever up to 39.5 degrees C, chills, malaise or vomiting, were observed.
      The administration of 10(6) U/m2 as a 4-hour infusion showed identical results.
      No particular alterations of laboratory parameters were found. At the high-dose
      level the serum concentration of neopterin, which is released from macrophages
      after interferon gamma stimulation, was significantly (p less than 0.001)
      elevated above pretreatment levels. The clinical observation of daily infusions
      of 10(6)/m2 for 14 days revealed the same side effects. All patients developed
      lymphocytosis and eosinophilia. Two patients had suffered from severe diarrhoea
      for several weeks presumably due to cryptosporidiosis. In both cases diarrhoea
      ceased under the treatment with IL-2 and did not occur in the following two
      months.

PMID- 3871345
TI  - Granuloma of the appendiceal stump: an unusual cause of low intestinal
      haemorrhage.

PMID- 3871346
TI  - Variation in the clinical courses of adult T-cell leukemia.
AB  - Twenty-nine cases of adult T-cell leukemia were classified into four types
      according to the clinical features and course: smoldering, chronic, crisis, and
      acute. Only 2 of 14 patients with the acute type responded to therapy. The four
      types showed apparent differences in clinical features, complications, and
      prognosis, suggesting the need for different therapeutic regimens. For smoldering
      and chronic cases, no chemotherapy is recommended. However, in crisis and acute
      cases, aggressive chemotherapy is necessary, although the acute type cases showed
      extremely poor prognosis despite the most aggressive chemotherapy.

PMID- 3871347
TI  - Presence of corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in human tumors.
AB  - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-like immunoreactivity was measured by
      radioimmunoassay in human organs and tumors associated with and without ectopic
      adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome. It was found to be distributed
      widely in the stomach, pancreas, adrenal gland, and various tumors (e.g.,
      medullary thyroid carcinoma, small cell carcinoma of the lung, pheochromocytoma,
      and adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas) in a concentration
      less than one tenth of that of the hypothalamus. Dilution curves of CRF-like
      immunoreactivity in tissue extracts paralleled that of synthetic rat (human) CRF.
      Sephadex G-50 gel filtration showed that a major CRF-like immunoreactivity in
      tissue extracts coeluted with synthetic rat (human) CRF. Results suggest that a
      material(s) closely related immunologically to CRF is present widely in normal
      and tumor tissues outside of the central nervous system.

PMID- 3871348
TI  - Del(3)(p13) in B-prolymphocytic leukemia--a new nonrandom chromosomal aberration
      possibly related to the c-ras oncogene.
AB  - Cytogenetic analysis was performed on the leukemic cells from two patients with B
      prolymphocytic leukemia. Both patients had del(3)(p13) chromosomal abnormality,
      as well as other clonal aberrations. Del(3p) was previously reported in one case
      of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, and is known to be a specific aberration in
      small-cell carcinoma of the lung. In B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, as in other
      B-lymphocytic leukemias/lymphomas, the karyotype often involves chromosomes #3,
      #6, #11, and #12. All of these chromosomes are suggested sites for the c-ras
      oncogene family.

PMID- 3871349
TI  - Cytogenetic studies of a diffuse mixed cell lymphoma of T cell origin.
AB  - The chromosome finding obtained from a lymph node of a patient with T cell
      lymphoma is described. Two different abnormal clones were found; one of them had
      a t(14;18)(q32;q21), along with other structural and numerical abnormalities,
      including 1p+q-,1p-,2p+q+, der(11),t(11;?)(q13;?),+20,+21,22p+. The other clone
      contained der(13),t(13;?)(q22;?).

PMID- 3871350
TI  - Characterization of extramedullary tumors in a case of Ph-positive chronic
      myelogenous leukemia: possible involvement of immature T lymphocytes.
AB  - A 42-year-old male with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) developed acute
      transformation associated with subcutaneous tumors. Histopathologic examinations
      of the tumors were done on two occasions; the first study revealed reticulum cell
      sarcoma-like features, and the second suggested a blastoma. Chromosomal analysis
      showed that the cells of the tumors originated from the CML clone. The cells had
      a negative reaction for myeloperoxidase by electron microscopy. Furthermore,
      biochemical and surface marker studies revealed that the tumor cells contained a
      significant terminal transferase activity. However, they did not express E- or
      EAC-rosette receptors, Ia-like antigens, or common ALL antigens.

PMID- 3871351
TI  - Chromosome abnormalities, sister chromatid exchanges, and cell cycle analysis in
      phytohemagglutinin-stimulated adult T cell leukemia lymphocytes.
AB  - Chromosome abnormalities, sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), and cell cycle
      kinetics were studied in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from 8 adult T
      cell leukemia (ATL) patients. In all these cases, chromosome abnormalities were
      observed in 5-day PHA-stimulated cultures. Four cases had characteristic marker
      chromosomes; two were due to a balanced translocation, t(9;21), and two to a
      simple deletion, 5p-. The other four cases, however, had rather complicated
      chromosome abnormalities, e.g., 1q+, 2q+, 5q+, 6q-, 14q+, 10p-. When chromosome
      abnormalities were analyzed in previously reported cases, the abnormalities were
      mostly distributed among chromosomes #1, #2, #5, #6, #14, and #21. These findings
      suggest that the abnormalities involving #1, #2, #5, #6, #14, and #21 are
      intimately related to ATL. The SCE frequency was in the normal range in ATL
      cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed that the duration of two cell cycles in cells
      labeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) required approximately 80 hr in ATL cells,
      whereas the time of two cell cycles in normal cells is 40 hr. These findings
      indicate that the ATL cell cycle time is about 40 hr, about double that of normal
      cells (20 hr), in PHA-stimulated cultures. ATL has been known to be a mature T
      cell leukemia and to respond poorly to chemotherapy. The latter may be due to the
      elongated cell cycle or to the mature characteristics of the leukemic cells. The
      association of ATL with cutaneous T cell lymphoma is also discussed.

PMID- 3871352
TI  - Restoration of T-cell function and induction of antitumor immune response in T
      cell-depressed spontaneously hypertensive rats by treatment with thymosin
      fraction 5.
AB  - We studied the effect of treatment with Thymosin Fraction 5 (Fr-5) on the
      restoration of T-cell functions and the induction of antitumor immunity in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with congenital T-cell depression. SHR
      showed a reduced number of rosette-forming thymocytes early in their lives, and
      in vitro incubation of SHR thymocytes with Fr-5 restored the numbers of rosette
      forming T-cells to the normal level for Wistar/HMK rats, the original strain of
      SHR. In vivo treatment of SHR with various doses of Fr-5 (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg,
      6 times every other day) also increased significantly the blastogenic responses
      of their spleen cells to phytohemagglutinin but failed to promote plaque-forming
      cell responses to sheep red blood cells. These immunological restorative effects
      by Fr-5 were dose dependent. In contrast, treatment with lower doses of Fr-5
      (0.25 or 0.50 mg/kg) showed greater curative effects on a high antigenic
      fibrosarcoma (SMT-6) than did treatment with higher doses of Fr-5 (1.0 or 2.0
      mg/kg). This was confirmed by the fact that treatment with a 0.5-mg/kg dose of Fr
      5 caused a significant suppressive effect on the growth of a weakly antigenic and
      highly metastatic adenocarcinoma (SST-2) in SHR with a consequent prolongation of
      survival days, whereas treatment with a 1.0- or 2.0-mg/kg dose of Fr-5 was
      without any effect. In order to clarify this mechanism, we studied the effect of
      pretreatment with cyclophosphamide (CY) on the development of antitumor delayed
      type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in the SMT-6-bearing SHR treated with Fr-5
      (0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg). Treatment with 0.5 mg of Fr-5 per kg significantly increased
      the DTH reaction to SMT-6 cells in both CY-pretreated and untreated SHR. In
      contrast, treatment with 2.0 mg of Fr-5 per kg produced a significant antitumor
      DTH reaction in SHR pretreated with CY but failed to induce the DTH reaction in
      SHR untreated with CY. These results suggest that higher doses of Fr-5 may induce
      preferentially suppressor T-cells rather than killer T-cells in tumor-bearing SHR
      with congenital T-cell depression.

PMID- 3871353
TI  - Human anti-murine immunoglobulin responses in patients receiving monoclonal
      antibody therapy.
AB  - Human anti-murine immunoglobulin responses were assessed in serum from three
      groups of patients receiving murine monoclonal antibody therapy. Each of the
      three patient groups responded differently. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients
      demonstrated little or no preexisting murine immunoglobulin G-reactive
      antiglobulin prior to treatment, while the cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and melanoma
      patients demonstrated preexisting antiglobulin levels in the same range as those
      demonstrated in healthy controls. None of 11 chronic lymphocytic leukemia
      patients receiving the T101 monoclonal antibody demonstrated an antiglobulin
      response, whereas all four of the cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients receiving
      the same antibody developed increased levels of antiglobulins. Three of nine
      malignant melanoma patients receiving the 9.2.27 monoclonal antibody showed an
      increase in antiglobulin titers. In patients developing antiglobulin responses,
      the response was rapid, typically being detectable within 2 weeks. The
      antiglobulins were primarily immunoglobulin G and, with the exception of a single
      melanoma patient in whom the response appeared to have a substantial 9.2.27
      specific component (i.e., antiidiotype), were cross-reactive with most murine
      immunoglobulin G preparations tested. This pattern of results suggested that the
      antiglobulin was a secondary immune reaction with elevation of the levels of
      preexisting antiglobulin which was cross-reactive with the mouse antibody
      administered. While the presence of serum antiglobulin would be expected to
      present major complications to monoclonal antibody therapy, no clinical toxicity
      related to antiglobulin responses was observed in these patients, and no
      inhibition of antibody localization on tumor cells was seen.

PMID- 3871354
TI  - [Single-photon emission computer tomography and its present use].

PMID- 3871355
TI  - Cross-linking of human T cell receptor proteins: association between the T cell
      idiotype beta subunit and the T3 glycoprotein heavy subunit.
AB  - Bifunctional cross-linking reagents DSP, DSS, and BSOCOES were used to cross-link
      125I-surface-labeled viable T lymphocytes. The cross-linked cells were
      solubilized in Nonidet-P40, immunoprecipitated with anti-Ti (monoclonal antibody
      T40/25) or anti-T3 (monoclonal antibodies UCHT-1 or OKT3), and analyzed by SDS
      PAGE. With all three cross-linkers, the intact cross-linked products obtained
      with monoclonal antibody T40/25 from HPB-ALL cells were 20-30 kd heavier than the
      Ti dimer (Mr 80,000). When the DSP cross-linked product was isolated using either
      anti-Ti or anti-T3 monoclonal antibodies and then cleaved, bands having molecular
      weights identical with both the Ti and T3 subunits were obtained. The two
      dimensional SDS-PAGE analysis (nonreducing followed by reducing conditions) of
      the DSS and BSOCOES cross-linked products revealed the specifically cross-linked
      bands to have Mr 40,000 and Mr 28,000. These data indicate that the Ti molecule
      and the T3 molecule are spatially associated on the cell surface and suggest the
      predominant association is between the Ti beta subunit (Mr 40,000) and the T3
      heavy subunit (Mr 28,000).

PMID- 3871356
TI  - The isolation and sequence of the gene encoding T8: a molecule defining
      functional classes of T lymphocytes.
AB  - The T cell surface glycoproteins T4 and T8 are thought to mediate efficient cell
      cell interactions in the immune system and in this way may be responsible for the
      appropriate targeting of subpopulations of T cells. We have used gene transfer
      combined with subtractive hybridization to isolate both cDNA and functional
      genomic clones encoding the T8 protein. The sequence of the cDNA reveals that T8
      is a transmembrane protein with an N-terminal domain which shares significant
      homology to immunoglobulin variable region light chains. This immunoglobulin-like
      structure is likely to be important in the function of T8 during differentiation
      and in the course of the immune response.

PMID- 3871357
TI  - Characterization of normal peripheral blood T- and B-cell colony-forming cells:
      growth factors(s) and accessory cell requirements for their in vitro
      proliferation.
AB  - The biological properties of normal peripheral lymphoid precursors were studied
      using separate colony assays for T- and B-cell colony-forming cells (T-CFC and B
      CFC, respectively). Cell fractions, selected by complement-mediated cytotoxicity
      with monoclonal antibodies, were cultured in methylcellulose using different
      sources of growth factors containing (PHA-LCM2 and PHA-LCM7) or not (PHA-TCM)
      Interleukin-2 (IL-2). Well-differentiated T-cell colonies were only observed with
      IL-2-containing conditioned media (CM). Normal T-CFC displayed either an immature
      (E-T11-OKT3-Ia-) or mature (E+) phenotype, were quiescent cells presenting
      different radiosensitivity (D0 = 80 and 155 rads, respectively). B-CFC displayed
      the E-T11-OKT3-B1-Ia+ surface phenotype, were in DNA synthesis and were more
      radioresistant (D0 = 300 rads) than T-CFC. B-cell colonies could be obtained in
      the presence of allogeneic irradiated T cells and PHA-TCM, but not with IL-2
      containing CM. When E-T11-OKT3- cells were seeded with PHA-TCM supplemented with
      increasing amounts of semipurified IL-2 in the presence of a fixed number of
      irradiated T cells, the B-cell colony growth (as assessed by the frequency of
      sIg+ colony cells) progressively decreased whereas that of T-cell colonies
      increased. IL-2-free CM (PHA-TCM) was able to induce T-cell colony growth from E
      T11-OKT3- cells but addition of allogeneic irradiated T cells induced B-cell
      colony formation in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, T cells enhanced T-cell
      colony growth in the presence of IL-2-containing CM. Furthermore, adherent cell
      depletion of E-T11-OKT3- cells inhibited T- but not B-cell colony growth. These
      results taken together suggest that T- and B-cell colonies derive from different
      progenitor cells which have different growth factor(s) and accessory cell
      requirements and indicate that T-cell colony growth is associated with inhibition
      of B-cell colony formation.

PMID- 3871358
TI  - Persistent viral infection affects tumorigenicity of a neuroblastoma cell line.
AB  - A mouse neuroblastoma cell line (clone NS20Y) is highly tumorigenic in syngeneic
      A/J mice. When this clone was persistently infected with measles virus (NS20Y/MS)
      it failed to grow or form tumors in conventional A/J or nude mice, even when
      large numbers of cells were inoculated. As doubling time, serum dependence, and
      anchorage-independent growth on agar did not differ significantly between NS20Y
      and NS20Y/MS, lack of tumorigenicity of the persistently infected cells is
      unlikely to be due to an intrinsic property of the cells. NS20Y/MS cells were
      found to be effectively rejected in athymic nude as well as conventional
      syngeneic mice. However, injection of mice with either anti-interferon or anti
      asialo GM1 serum, both of which have been shown to deplete natural killer (NK)
      cells in vivo, enabled NS20Y/MS cells to form large tumors. Unexpectedly,
      treatment of mice with silica also allowed the NS20Y/MS cells to form tumors.
      Under these conditions, it was shown that silica caused a significant decrease in
      NK activity as late as 7 days after a single injection. Although NS20Y/MS were
      not susceptible to NK cell lysis in vitro, the in vivo data suggest that NK cells
      are in fact the prime mechanism in the rejection of this persistently virus
      infected neuroblastoma cell line by athymic and conventional syngeneic mice. The
      results indicate that NK activity may be greater or more sensitively detected in
      vivo than in vitro.

PMID- 3871359
TI  - Characterization of cell lines enhancing IL-2 production by human
      phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes.
AB  - Certain cell lines were found to significantly enhance IL-2 production by
      phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T lymphocytes, and the mechanisms involved in
      mediating such an enhancement have been studied. All B-lymphoblastoid cell lines
      (B-CL) tested had an enhancing capability, even lines which were immature,
      surface immunoglobulin negative, or negative for EBV-associated antigens or Fc
      receptors. Furthermore, a B-CL lacking HLA-A, B, and C, antigens as well as a HLA
      DR-deficient mutant line enhanced IL-2 production. Autologous B-CL as well as
      allogeneic lines were able to augment IL-2 production. Cell lines from patients
      with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia did not stimulate, while more mature, DR
      positive T-cell lines did. Although all HLA-DR positive cell lines, regardless of
      their derivation, provided enhancement, several lines of evidence, including
      blocking experiments with anti-DR antibodies, indicated that the reaction was not
      HLA-DR mediated. The enhancing determinant(s) appeared to be cell associated
      since CL supernatants were ineffective, and it may serve as an important
      additional signal to the preactivated IL-2-producer T-cell.

PMID- 3871360
TI  - Inhibition of interleukin 2 production by prostaglandin E2 is not absolute but
      depends on the strength of the stimulating signal.
AB  - In view of the eminently important role of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in T-cell
      responses, and in view of reports about immune stimulatory effects of PGE2, we
      reinvestigated the question whether PGE2 inhibits IL-2 production. It was found
      that PGE2 does not inhibit IL-2 production in murine spleen cell cultures after
      optimal stimulation (5 micrograms/ml concanavalin A) but does inhibit at
      suboptimal stimulation conditions. The failure of PGE2 to inhibit IL-2 production
      at optimal concanavalin A concentration was demonstrated by two independent IL-2
      assays namely by the co-stimulator assay and by the proliferation of IL-2
      dependent T-cell clone W-2. Our observations indicated that the inhibitory effect
      of PGE2 depends on the strength of the stimulating signal. IL-2 production in
      cultures with 5 micrograms/ml concanavalin A was also not suppressed by PGE1, by
      prostaglandin D2, thromboxane B2 (T X B2), and prostaglandin F2.

PMID- 3871361
TI  - Modification of the contractile activity of isolated rat atria by lectin
      activated T-lymphocyte subsets.
AB  - We had previously shown that human T-lymphocytes (ERFC) that had been activated
      for a short time with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) produced positive inotropic and
      chronotropic effects on spontaneously beating rat atria (Sterin-Borda, L., et
      al., Naunyn Scmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 324, 58, 1983). In this study, we
      first prepared T4-rich (T4) and T8-rich (T8) cells from ERFC by selective lysis
      with OKT4 and OKT8 monoclonal antibodies and rabbit complement. Then, we tested
      the effect of PHA-stimulated T4 (PHA-T4) and T8 (PHA-T8) on beating rat atria.
      PHA-T4 cells stimulated the tension and the frequency of contraction of isolated
      rat atria by a mechanism that involved the generation of the slow reacting
      substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), since both 10(-5) M nordihydroguaiaretic acid
      (NDGA) and 10(-7) M FPL-55712 were effective inhibitors. On the other hand, PHA
      T8 cells decreased the tension of beating atria. Indomethacin (10(-6) M) could
      not block the depressor effect. Cell-free PHA-T4 supernatants reacted with the
      heart tissue similarly to whole PHA-T4 cells. Since NDGA or FPL-55712 treated
      organs did not respond to active PHA-T4 supernatants, the lipoxygenase system of
      the auricles seems to be required for the reaction and the active metabolites
      appear to derive mainly from the heart. Our results suggest that PHA-activated
      "helper/inducer" cells release soluble factors that can in turn trigger the
      lipoxygenase metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid in the heart, generating the
      active leukotrienes responsible for the positive inotropic and chronotropic
      effects.

PMID- 3871362
TI  - Establishment of growth factor-dependent MOPC 104E cell line in vitro.
AB  - The MOPC 104E cell line has been adapted to grow in vitro using a combination of
      feeder layer and growth factor(s). The growth of this myeloma cell line is
      dependent on the presence of growth factor(s). Growth-promoting activity
      generated from T-cell-mitogen-stimulated, Corynebacterium parvum-stimulated
      spleen cell culture supernatant, and peritoneal adherent cell culture
      supernatants gives dose-dependent proliferation. Generation of growth factors in
      the serum-free bovine serum albumin-substituted media and a rapid assay system
      based on [3H]thymidine uptake for the quantitation of growth promoting activity
      are described.

PMID- 3871363
TI  - The reactivity of frozen B lymphocytes to B cell mitogens and human B cell growth
      factor: a study of step 1 and step 2 activators.
AB  - Human B lymphocytes, purified from the peripheral blood of several different
      donors can be pooled, frozen, and stored in liquid nitrogen to provide an easy
      and reproducible source of cells for mitogenic assays. These B cell preparations
      did not show any reactivity to T cell mitogens, but responded to Staphylococcus
      aureus Cowan strain 1 (SAC) and anti-IgM antibodies to the same extent as freshly
      purified B cells. When stimulated with either anti-IgM antibodies or SAC, these B
      cells became responsive to B cell growth factor (BCGF), allowing a quantitative
      measurement of this important lymphokine activity. In addition, we have studied
      the reactivity of frozen B lymphocytes to various combinations of activators. We
      have confirmed that phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was a very potent mitogenic
      agent for preactivated human B cells and shown that bacterial lipopolysaccharide
      (LPS), although not mitogenic by itself, could synergize with anti-IgM antibodies
      to yield increased levels of stimulation. Furthermore experiments using the
      lysosomotropic agent leucine methyl ester showed that the action of LPS on anti
      IgM-stimulated B cells did not require the presence of functional monocytes.
      Neither PMA nor LPS could induce BCGF responsiveness and thus these two compounds
      can be considered exclusive step 2 activators for human peripheral blood B cells.

PMID- 3871364
TI  - Modulation of connective tissue metabolism by partially purified human
      interleukin 1.
AB  - We have investigated the relationship between the monokine interleukin 1 (IL-1)
      and the connective tissue-stimulating activities produced by monocytes such as
      mononuclear cell factor (MCF). Using almost exclusively human tissue we have
      monitored a wide range of MCF-like activities through the partial purification of
      IL-1 by gel filtration and isoelectric focusing. Activities measured include
      stimulation of chondrocytes to produce prostaglandins, plasminogen activator and
      proteoglycanase, enhancement of synovial cell proliferation, and stimulation of
      cartilage resorption, in addition to IL-1 (lymphocyte activating factor)
      activity. The activities described show the same molecular heterogeneity; the
      active material has similar potencies in the different systems, and removal of IL
      1 activity by pretreatment with phenylglyoxal also results in loss of the
      connective tissue-stimulating activities. These results show that the factors
      responsible for this wide range of activities are very closely related to IL-1
      and give further evidence in support of the possible involvement of IL-1 in the
      processes of joint destruction occurring in chronic inflammatory conditions such
      as rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3871365
TI  - Role of class II histocompatibility antigens in Staphylococcus aureus protein A
      induced activation of human T lymphocytes.
AB  - The capacity of peripheral blood monocytes and B lymphocytes to support
      staphylococcal protein A (SpA)-induced proliferation of autologous and allogeneic
      T cells, as well as the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I
      and II molecules in this activation process, were investigated. Highly purified
      peripheral T lymphocytes did not proliferate in response to SpA, but their
      response was reconstituted by both irradiated (or mitomycin C-treated) monocytes
      and B lymphocytes. The effect of B cells on the SpA-induced T-cell response could
      not be explained by a contamination of residual accessory cells because long-term
      continuous B-cell lines restored SpA-induced T-cell DNA synthesis as effectively
      as did monocytes. Support of SpA responsiveness by B cells could not be accounted
      for by polyclonal binding of SpA to cell surface immunoglobulins, since the
      ability of SpA-unreactive and SpA-reactive B cells was comparable. The cells from
      two human leukemic lines--K562 and Raji--showed the same ability in supporting
      the pokeweed mitogen-induced T-cell response, but the class II-positive Raji
      cells were much more effective than class II-negative K562 cells in restoring the
      T-cell responsiveness to SpA. Monoclonal antibodies specific for monomorphic
      determinants of MHC class II antigens, as well as their F(ab')2 fragments,
      consistently inhibited the SpA-induced proliferative response, whereas antibodies
      specific for MHC class I antigens were without effect. The antibodies specific
      for class II antigens appeared to act at the level of accessory cell, since
      pretreatment with these antibodies inhibited the ability of SpA-pulsed monocytes
      or Raji cells to present SpA to autologous or allogeneic T lymphocytes,
      respectively. These data indicate that either monocytes or normal and
      lymphoblastoid B cells can act as accessory cells for the proliferative response
      of human T cells to soluble SpA and that monomorphic determinants of MHC class II
      molecules play an important role in this activation process.

PMID- 3871366
TI  - Nonspecific immune modulating effects of ascites fluid and hyperimmune sera in
      vivo.
AB  - To determine whether the appearance of interferon (IFN) and the modulation of
      humoral responses observed following injection of irradiated tumor cells were
      mediated by suppressor cells, the effects of in vivo injection of I-Js specific
      antibodies were studied. We found that anti-I-J-containing, as well as normal
      ascites fluids, obtained after repeated ip injection of complete Freund's
      adjuvant, contain a factor which (a) induces the appearance of serum IFN, (b)
      enhances the response to SRBC, and (c) suppresses the response to TNP-Ficoll,
      when injected 1 day before antigen. This effect is not immunologically specific,
      is probably not caused by intact Ig, and does not appear to be mediated by T
      cells. Although the nature of the factor(s) responsible for the observed results
      has not been fully clarified, we report these findings now as a cautionary note
      for the interpretation of studies where in vivo injection of unfractionated
      ascites fluids containing monoclonal antibodies are used.

PMID- 3871367
TI  - Initial characterization of sheep T-cell growth factor and its species-restricted
      activity on human, rat, and mouse cells.
AB  - Sheep T-cell growth factor (TCGF) was prepared from concanavalin A-activated
      sheep peripheral blood cells and subsequently characterized by ammonium sulfate
      precipitation, gel exclusion chromatography, and isoelectric focussing. The TCGF
      was found in the 60-80% ammonium sulfate fraction and was shown to have an
      apparent molecular weight of 32,500 and an isoelectric point in the range pI 5.2
      5.5. The ability of the sheep TCGF to promote proliferation of activated human,
      sheep, mouse, and rat cells was compared with that of human TCGF prepared by
      phytohemagglutinin stimulation of lymphocytes from multiple donors and TCGF
      prepared from concanavalin A-stimulated rat and mouse spleen cells. Human TCGF
      was found to act across all species barriers, rat TCGF supported the growth of
      cells of all species except human, and mouse only promoted the growth of
      activated mouse and rat cells. Sheep TCGF was unique in being unable to support
      the growth of any cells except autologous cells.

PMID- 3871368
TI  - Primed lymphoid cell tolerance. II. In vivo tolerization of highly tolerogen
      sensitive hapten-primed, potentially IgG-producing B cells.
AB  - The relative ease of tolerizing IgM-bearing versus IgG-bearing B cells was
      investigated. Previous work had shown that IgG-bearing trinitrophenyl (TNP)
      specific B cells from mice primed and boosted with TNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin
      (TNP-KLH) are highly susceptible to tolerization in vitro by TNP presented on an
      unrelated carrier. TNP-OVA was used as tolerogen, as it may represent a more
      general class of tolerogens than those which are nonmetabolizable or
      immunoglobulin containing. This study showed that highly primed B cells are
      tolerizable in vivo using TNP-OVA, with the IgG response to TNP-KLH easier to
      tolerize than the IgM response. To determine if the ease of tolerization of the
      IgG response in vivo was due to intrinsic differences in B-cell precursors of the
      IgM and IgG responses, tolerance was performed in vitro with B cells of defined
      surface isotypes. A T-independent antigen, TNP-endotoxin, was employed to
      minimize T-cell effects. At least 10 times as much TNP-OVA was required to
      tolerize B cells bearing the IgM surface isotype than those with the IgG surface
      isotype. Thus, the ease of inhibition of the IgG response as compared to the IgM
      response in vivo by preexposure to TNP-OVA may be at least partially explained by
      inherent differences in IgM and IgG B-cell precursors.

PMID- 3871369
TI  - Suppression of the polyclonal B-cell responses by concanavalin A-treated bone
      marrow B cells in vitro.
AB  - A suppressor cell that inhibits the development of a polyclonal antibody response
      of splenic B cells to lipopolysaccharide is generated in the bone marrow cell
      culture in response to a mitotic dose (10 micrograms/ml) of concanavalin A (Con
      A). The Con A-responding suppressor cell is radioresistant and found in a bone
      marrow B (BM-B) cell population of normal as well as athymic mice. The suppressor
      activity of Con A-treated BM-B cells was consistently higher (P less than 0.01
      0.0001) than those of untreated BM-B and fresh BM cells. The BM-B cell population
      recovered from short-term (3-day) cultures with Con A contained about 65% surface
      immunoglobulin (Ig)-positive cells, about 6% T cells, and less than 0.5% plastic
      adherent cells, the latter two of which did not contribute to the suppressive
      activity. Thus, cytolytic treatment with various anti-T-cell antibodies could not
      eliminate the suppressive activity of the Con A-treated BM-B cells, and the Con A
      treated macrophage population provided no significant suppression. The Con A
      treated BM-B cells adherent to anti-Ig or anti-Con A dishes exhibited highly
      enriched suppressive activity. It was therefore concluded that an immature B-cell
      population of bone marrow could develop in response to stimulation with Con A
      into surface Ig-positive suppressor cells, contributing to the regulation of
      nonspecific B-cell responses.

PMID- 3871370
TI  - Proliferative response of murine B-cell leukemia (BCL1) to poly(L-lysine).
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) isolated from BALB/c mice bearing a B-cell
      leukemia (BCL1) showed a marked proliferative response upon two days culturing
      with poly(L-lysine) (PLL) of various molecular weights. An inverse relationship
      was noted between the molecular weight of the PLL and the dose required for
      optimal proliferative response. PLL showed no proliferative activity when
      cultured with normal PBL or with lymphocytes isolated from the spleen or other
      lymphoid organs of BCL1-bearing mice. Double exposure to PLL and
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) had a marked synergistic effect on BCL1 PBL stimulation
      but not on PBL isolated from normal mice. The data suggest that PLL, in contrast
      to LPS, may cause a selective proliferation of a subpopulation(s) of B-tumor
      cells at a particular stage(s) of differentiation.

PMID- 3871371
TI  - Immune T cells can protect or induce fatal neurological disease in murine
      lymphocytic choriomeningitis.
AB  - Adoptively transferred immune spleen cells induce fatal neurological disease in
      cyclophosphamide-suppressed recipients injected intracerebrally (ic) with a
      large, but not small, dose of neurotropic lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM)
      virus. The elimination of virus from brain in the latter group, which survives
      without developing symptoms, depends upon the presence of Lyt 2+ lymphocytes.
      However removal of Lyt 2+ subset which is cytotoxic in vitro does not diminish
      the severity of the inflammatory process in vivo, though the onset of clinical
      disease is delayed in mice given Lyt 2-depleted populations and a larger ic dose
      of virus. The present findings are consistent with the idea that fatal LCM
      results from acute, synchronous damage to key functional cells in the central
      nervous system by virus-immune Lyt 2+, lymphocytes. Even so, if the number of
      virus-infected CNS cells is still relatively small at the time of T cell
      invasion, neurological symptoms are not recognized and the mice survive.

PMID- 3871372
TI  - Mouse macrophage hybridomas secreting a cytotoxic factor and interleukin 1.
AB  - Stable mouse macrophage hybridomas were produced by somatic cell fusion between
      proteose peptone-elicited peritoneal macrophages and NS-1 myeloma cells. Three
      cloned hybrid cell lines, designated as N/P-5-3, -6-2, and -7-1, exhibited
      typical macrophage-like morphology. Moreover, their macrophage characteristics
      were confirmed by the manifestation of intracellular nonspecific esterase, the
      detection of Mac-1 antigens and Fc-receptors on the cell surface, and the
      demonstration of phagocytic and antigen-presenting activities. Furthermore, these
      cell lines, stimulated with LPS, secreted considerable amounts of a cytotoxic
      factor and interleukin 1. Cultured cells of various tumor cell lines were
      sensitive to the cytotoxic factor, but normal thymocytes, spleen cells, and liver
      cells were not killed by the factor.

PMID- 3871373
TI  - Characterization of stimulator cells for alloreactive cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte
      responses in vivo.
AB  - Mouse spleen cells were fractionated and tested for their ability to induce
      alloreactive cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte responses in vivo. The cells with
      allostimulatory potential are enriched maximally in a population of low density,
      Ig-negative, Thy 1-negative cells. This fraction has the cytochemical and
      ultrastructural characteristics of cells of the early myeloid series and not
      those of typical dendritic cells or macrophages. These myeloid cells represent a
      new subset of accessory cells which could be a potential source of
      allostimulation in organ grafts. They should be considered along with other
      accessory cell types as potential elements which induce transplantation
      responses.

PMID- 3871374
TI  - Surface expression and partial characterization of an arsonate hapten-specific
      idiotype-bearing T-cell receptor.
AB  - Anti-idiotype antibodies raised against the arsonate hapten idiotype have been
      used to detect arsonate-binding receptors on the surface of peripheral T cells of
      A/J mice and to isolate this material after biosynthetic labeling for partial
      chemical characterization. It was found that 2-3% of splenic T cells from
      arsonate-immune mice specifically bound the hapten using immunofluorescent
      keyhole limpet hemocyanin as a carrier. In double-immunofluorescence labeling
      experiments, a high proportion (approximately equal to 70%) of these cells also
      bound the (Fab')2 fragment of rabbit anti-idiotype antibody in exactly the same
      patches on the cell as the arsonate hemocyanin antigen. In addition, the anti
      idiotype antibody inhibited the binding of the hapten-carrier complex to T cells
      by approximately equal to 70%. In parallel experiments, fowl antibodies against
      mouse (Fab')2 fragments bound to 100% of arsonate-binding T cells in the same
      cell-surface patches as the hapten, and were capable of inhibiting 100% of the
      hapten-binding cells. Capping, shedding, and resynthesis experiments indicated
      that the T cells synthesized their antigen-binding idiotype-bearing receptors.
      Immunoblots of unreduced detergent extracts of purified splenic T cells developed
      with anti-idiotype antibodies showed bands at 150,000 and 94,000 Da. Equal
      amounts of protein extracted from liver and analyzed in the same gels as the T
      cell material failed to show any reactivity with anti-idiotype antibodies. To
      confirm the biosynthetic origin of the idiotype-positive materials, detergent
      extracts from 75Se-methionine- or [3H]leucine-labeled Con A-treated splenic T
      cells were reacted with anti-idiotype antibodies and the bound material was
      analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the
      presence of 2-mercaptoethanol the major band was at 68,000 Da, with variable
      minor levels of material at 45,000 Da, while when hapten was used to isolate the
      receptor a dominant 25,000- to 30,000-Da band was seen. We believe that the
      higher-molecular-weight materials are multimers of the 25,000-30,000 subunit.

PMID- 3871375
TI  - Development of hyporesponsiveness to augmentation of natural killer cell activity
      after multiple doses of maleic anhydride divinyl ether: association with
      decreased numbers of large granular lymphocytes.
AB  - A single injection of mice with maleic anhydride divinyl ether (MVE-2) resulted
      in significantly augmented natural killer (NK) activity. However, multiple
      injections with MVE-2 led to a hyporesponsive to boosting of NK activity.
      Stimulation of prostaglandin E secretion of induction of suppressor macrophages
      (M phi) or lymphocytes were shown not to be responsible for the depressed NK cell
      responses. Rather the hyporesponsiveness to NK boosting was associated with a
      decreased number of large granular lymphocytes (LGLs). Percoll discontinuous
      density-gradient studies showed that the augmented NK activity of spleen cells
      after a single injection with MVE-2 was associated with an increase in the
      percentage of LGLs in the lower-density fractions (Fraction 1 and 2). In
      contrast, the NK activity and percentage of LGLs in the lower-density fractions
      were markedly decreased after multiple injections with MVE-2. Polyinosinic:
      polycytidylic acid stabilized with poly(L-lysine) in carboxymethylcellulose,
      another BRM capable of augmenting NK activity, was able to substantially augment
      NK activity in mice hyporesponsive to MVE-2 and this was accompanied by an
      increase in the percentage of LGLs in the lower-density Percoll fractions.

PMID- 3871376
TI  - More on determination of p-aminobenzoic acid in urine.

PMID- 3871377
TI  - Treatment of experimental myasthenia gravis with cyclosporin A.
AB  - Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an immunosuppressive agent that has recently been used to
      prevent rejection of transplanted tissues. The effects of CsA treatment of rats
      with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), an antibody-mediated
      autoimmune disorder of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at neuromuscular
      junctions, have been studied. CsA treatment at the time of primary immunization
      suppressed the antibody responses to AChR virtually completely. Following 12
      weeks of CsA, the AChR-immunized rats responded like naive controls to a further
      challenge of AChR. Treatment of ongoing EAMG resulted in a reduction of AChR
      antibody by more than 50%. The secondary response to a challenge of AChR was
      prevented by CsA treatment, but a very large challenge dose in adjuvant partially
      overwhelmed the effect of CsA. CsA treatment also prevented the loss of AChRs at
      neuromuscular junctions, as compared with untreated EAMG controls (P less than
      0.02). The efficacy of CsA in suppressing ongoing and secondary hetero- and
      autoimmune responses against AChR in EAMG encourages its ultimate application in
      autoimmune diseases of man, such as MG. Its usefulness will depend on the ability
      to determine effective doses of CsA that are well tolerated.

PMID- 3871378
TI  - Pregnancy-associated growth factor. I. A proliferative agent which expands adult
      and cord T4 cells in unfractionated cultures.
AB  - Experiments were designed to examine the effects of pregnancy-associated growth
      factor (PAGF), a substance found in commercial preparations of crude human
      chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), on unfractionated human cord blood cells (CBC) and
      adult peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) cultured in 5% fetal calf serum (FCS).
      Comparisons of PAGF-induced [3H]TdR incorporation in nine pairs of simultaneously
      cultured CBC and PBL with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and tetanus toxoid (TT) showed
      that all CBC and PBL responded to PAGF and PHA whereas all PBL and one CBC
      responded to TT. The rank order of potency for CBC and PBL was PHA greater than
      PAGF greater than TT. To examine phenotypic changes induced by PAGF, flow
      cytometry was performed on precultured cells, control cultures, and PAGF
      stimulated cultures at 2, 5, 7, and 9 days. The monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)
      included T3, T4, and T8 (T cells), T9 (transferrin receptor), Tac (IL-2
      receptor), 12 (Ia or DR-framework antigen), and T10 (putative activation and/or
      maturation antigen). PAGF-stimulated cultures had statistically significant
      increased percentages of T3, T4, T9, T10, and Tac but not T8 when compared to
      precultured cells and control cultures. PAGF also increased PBL but not CBC Ia.
      In PAGF-stimulated cultures, CBC had more T3 and T4 cells with increased
      fluorescence intensity than PBL. Maximal expression of phenotypes usually
      occurred at Days 7 and 9, 2 days after maximal [3H]TdR incorporation. In
      comparison to PAGF, PHA-stimulated PBL had earlier expression of these phenotypes
      but included T8. These data indicate PAGF induces proliferation, activation
      antigens, and T3 expansion predominantly confined to the T4 subset in both CBC
      and PBL.

PMID- 3871379
TI  - Reduced antigen-induced proliferation and surface Ia expression of peripheral
      blood T cells following tetanus booster immunization.
AB  - Immune regulatory changes after tetanus booster immunization were studied by
      measuring T-cell proliferation and surface Ia expression after cocultivation of T
      cells with autologous tetanus toxoid pulsed macrophages. Both soluble and
      aluminium-absorbed tetanus toxoid was used as antigen. T cells proliferated
      readily prior to immunization, if TTAl was used as an antigen (when proliferation
      was measured by the uptake of [3H]thymidine: mean +/- SEM 64.5 +/- 11.5 X 10(3)
      dpm). The proliferative response of the peripheral blood T cells studied
      decreased significantly to 29.3 +/- 9.3 X 10(3) dpm (P less than 0.01) 1 week
      postimmunization, returned to preimmunization values after 2 to 4 weeks, and
      increased further thereafter. Surface Ia expression paralleled the proliferative
      response at every point pre- and postimmunization. Serum antibody levels
      increased steadily during the first weeks. These results demonstrate a functional
      parallel to the previously described changes in T-cell phenotypes (M. M. Eibl, J.
      W. Mannhalter, and G. Zlabinger, N. Engl. J. Med 310, 198, 1984) after tetanus
      booster immunization.

PMID- 3871380
TI  - Vitamin D metabolism in patients intoxicated with ergocalciferol.
AB  - Vitamin D metabolites were measured on admission in eight patients intoxicated
      with ergocalciferol (serum calcium 3.01-4.05 mmol/l) and also during the
      subsequent 2 months in six of the eight. Serum concentrations of 25
      hydroxyergocalciferol, on admission, were grossly elevated in all patients (range
      583-1843 nmol/l). Serum calcium concentration was related significantly only to
      the concentration of 25-hydroxyergocalciferol (P = 0.003). Concentrations of 25
      hydroxyergocalciferol in serum were significantly related to those of calciferol
      (P = 0.004). Elevated initial concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxycalciferol, mainly
      as 1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol, were found in seven of the eight patients (range
      179-313 pmol/l). It is suggested that the hypercalcaemia in these patients may be
      explained by the action of 25-hydroxyergocalciferol at high concentration in
      competing for 1,25-dihydroxycalciferol receptors, thus exerting a biological
      effect per se, and also by increasing the synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxycalciferol
      through a mass-action effect on the renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase.

PMID- 3871381
TI  - Comparative study of serum amyloid A protein and C-reactive protein in disease.
AB  - On the basis of results from 3000 parallel measurements of serum amyloid A
      protein (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in various clinical and experimental
      conditions, the relationship between these proteins was examined and the question
      of whether measurements of SAA can provide clinically useful information beyond
      that from CRP assays was evaluated. The concentrations of SAA and CRP showed a
      close relationship in a wide range of clinical conditions and the general
      clinical impact of an elevated SAA or CRP level is similar. SAA was, however,
      more sensitive than CRP in reflecting inflammatory activity, and in some
      conditions characterized by normal or only slightly elevated CRP concentrations,
      measurements of SAA concentrations could be used for monitoring disease activity
      and response to treatment. Marked variation in the ratios of SAA to CRP
      concentration occurred in response to different stimuli (e.g. surgical
      trauma/immunological tissue injury), suggesting the existence of independent,
      disease-specific pathways of regulation for the serum concentrations of SAA and
      CRP.

PMID- 3871382
TI  - Apalcillin [PC-904]: spectrum of activity and beta-lactamase
      hydrolysis/inhibition.
AB  - Apalcillin is a Pseudomonas-active penicillin with a broad spectrum of
      antibacterial activity similar to that of piperacillin, except for the greater
      potency of apalcillin against Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
      Studies with 846 isolates representative of the common bacterial pathogens
      compared apalcillin to piperacillin, azlocillin, mezlocillin, carbenicillin,
      ticarcillin, cefotaxime, and cefoperazone. Apalcillin and piperacillin were both
      active against all 13 species of the Enterobacteriaceae that were tested (MIC 50s
      less than or equal to 8.0 micrograms/ml) but some strains were resistant to both
      penicillins. Apalcillin was active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
      Acinetobacter spp. (MIC 50 less than 2.0 micrograms/ml). Like other penicillins,
      apalcillin was not effective against beta-lactamase-producing Staphylococcus
      spp., Haemophilus spp. or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Rates of hydrolysis by six beta
      lactamase preparations from gram-negative bacilli were determined, comparing
      apalcillin, piperacillin, azlocillin, ticarcillin, ampicillin and dicloxacillin
      to benzyl penicillin. Apalcillin and ticarcillin were more resistant than
      piperacillin and azlocillin to hydrolysis by the PSE-2 enzyme from P. aeruginosa.
      As did many other penicillins, apalcillin inhibited the Type 1 beta-lactamase
      that is produced by Enterobacter cloacae. The other enzymes were inhibitory only
      in very high concentrations.

PMID- 3871383
TI  - Meningitis and septicemia due to Haemophilus influenzae serotype e, biotype IV.
AB  - Haemophilus influenzae, serotype e, biotype IV, is a rare cause of infection. We
      studied a 22-year-old white male who developed septicemia and meningitis due to
      this pathogen. It is most probable that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea
      caused by a defect in the medial sphenoid region provided the portal of entry.

PMID- 3871384
TI  - Physicochemical properties of a beta-lactamase from Streptomyces UCSM-104.
AB  - A purified beta-lactamase from Streptomyces UCSM-104 shows the presence of three
      subforms when stained for protein and/or for activity after polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis or after electrofocusing. The pI values of the three subforms
      were 5.45, 5.30 and 5.10, respectively. The respective electrophoretic mobilities
      were 4.6 X 10(-5), 5.2 X 10(-5) and 5.9 X 10(-5)m2/sV. Relative molecular mass of
      14,900 was determined. The amino acid composition was established. Cysteine was
      not detected. A fairly high proline content (8.3%) differentiates this enzyme
      from other beta-lactamases. Lysine was the only N-terminal amino acid detected
      after dansylation. The possible origin of the subforms is discussed.

PMID- 3871385
TI  - Effects of advanced age on extravascular lung water accumulation during coronary
      artery bypass surgery.
AB  - Pulmonary extravascular thermal volume (ETVL) accumulation during aortocoronary
      bypass grafting (CABG) was compared between nine patients (group 1) aged 49 +/- 2
      (SEM) yr and nine patients (group 2) aged 65 +/- 1.2 yr, using the thermal-dye
      technique. Before extracorporeal bypass (ECB), ETVL was significantly correlated
      with age and mean ETVL was significantly lower in group 1 (3.93 +/- 0.48 ml/kg
      body weight) than group 2 (5.93 +/- 0.38 ml/kg). During ECB, ETVL rose to 5.15 +/
      0.65 ml/kg in group 1 (p less than .05) and to 6.38 +/- 0.56 ml/kg in group 2.
      By the next morning, ETVL had returned to pre-ECB levels. Post-ECB, cardiac index
      decreased in group 1 and colloid osmotic pressure decreased in both groups, but
      all values returned to pre-ECB levels by the next morning. Although PaO2 had
      decreased and pulmonary shunt fraction had increased by this time, changes in
      these variables did not correlate with changes in ETVL. During ECB, ETVL
      increased transiently but returned to pre-ECB levels by the next morning.

PMID- 3871386
TI  - Complement activation after myocardial infarction.
AB  - Complement activation as reflected by C3, C4, and C3d levels was studied in 56
      patients following myocardial infarction, 13 with the postmyocardial infarction
      syndrome (PMIS); 12 with prolonged postinfarction pyrexia; six with clinical
      evidence of pulmonary embolism; and 25 control patients without apparent
      complications. In most patients, C3d levels were elevated during the first ten
      postinfarction days and at the time of any pulmonary embolism; this probably
      represented local nonimmunologic complement utilization. The PMIS patients had
      much higher C3d levels associated with significantly lower concentrations of C3
      at the time of disease activity. It is suggested that heart reactive antibodies
      combine with circulating cardiac antigens to form soluble immune complexes, and
      in the PMIS, these may become deposited in various sites resulting in complement
      mediated tissue damage. The high C3d levels associated with the PMIS may also be
      of value in differentiating this condition from pulmonary embolism, as both
      problems may have similar clinical and roentgenographic features.

PMID- 3871387
TI  - Transient paradoxical renal vasoconstriction following cardiac operation.
      Treatment with volume depletion.
AB  - Following cardiac operation complicated by inferior myocardial injury, a patient
      developed normal cardiac output congestive heart failure associated with severe
      renal vasoconstriction, oliguria and azotemia. The patient's renal dysfunction
      responded to volume depletion with hemofiltration. These paradoxical renal
      responses to volume changes may be caused by transiently altered cardiac volume
      receptor thresholds or afferent signals resulting in cardiorenal dysfunction.

PMID- 3871388
TI  - Alveolitis in an asymptomatic pigeon breeder.

PMID- 3871389
TI  - Flow cytometry of leukocytes after intravenous fluorescein angiography.
AB  - Blood specimens were obtained for T lymphocyte analysis from patients undergoing
      intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA). Mononuclear cells were prepared by
      differential density centrifugation and analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Prior
      to IVFA, there was very little autofluorescence in the mononuclear cell
      population. After IVFA, there was an increase in the fluorescence of the
      mononuclear cells. Though barely visible by fluorescence microscopy, the
      fluorescence was uniformly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. By FCM,
      fluorescein was detected in 27% of the lymphocytes, 61% of the monocytes, and 75%
      of the granulocytes. Care must be taken when interpreting flow-cytometric
      lymphocyte subset data because of the increased nonspecific fluorescence of
      mononuclear cells in patients who have undergone IVFA.

PMID- 3871390
TI  - [Bypass operation on coronary arteries with minimal atherosclerotic stenoses?].

PMID- 3871391
TI  - [Chronic defined angina pectoris: coronary bypass surgery or drug treatment?].

PMID- 3871392
TI  - [Therapy of cutaneous T cell lymphomas with alpha interferon].

PMID- 3871393
TI  - Androgen receptor in the rabbit liver and apparent translocation to the nucleus
      in vivo.
AB  - The present study demonstrates that the liver of a mammal, the rabbit, contains
      an androgen receptor. Rabbit liver cytosol or purified nuclei were incubated with
      the radioactive androgen R-1881 (methyltrienolone). The cytosol of adult female
      rabbit liver contained androgen-binding sites of high affinity, Kd 0.9 nM, and a
      capacity of 7000 fmol/g liver or 79 fmol/mg cytosol protein. After partial
      purification by 35% ammonium sulfate precipitation (AS cytosol), the binding
      specificity pattern was consistent with that of androgen receptor. Apparent
      translocation from cytosol to nucleus was examined by administering 100
      micrograms nonradioactive R-1881 in vivo. One hour later, almost all of the
      receptor was detected in liver nuclei. The receptor concentration in purified
      nuclei, as determined by an exchange procedure, was 2100 fmol/g liver, which is
      an increase of 6-fold relative to the low levels in nuclei of untreated rabbits.
      The binding affinity, specificity pattern, and protease sensitivity for the sites
      in the nucleus after in vivo androgen in general resembled those as AS cytosol
      binding in untreated liver. Androgen receptors were also present in AS cytosol of
      the immature female rabbit liver and, in lower concentration, of the intact adult
      male rabbit. The properties of liver androgen binding are quite different from
      those of testosterone binding protein present in serum. Accordingly, an androgen
      binding protein with high affinity and specificity and capable of translocation
      to the nucleus in vivo has been detected in mammalian liver. An androgen receptor
      in the mammalian liver may mediate androgen effects on liver function, including
      modulation of synthesis of selective plasma proteins.

PMID- 3871394
TI  - Kinetic studies on surface-mediated activation of bovine factor XII and
      prekallikrein. Effects of kaolin and high-Mr kininogen on the activation
      reactions.
AB  - The kaolin-mediated reciprocal activation of bovine factor XII and prekallikrein
      was divided into the following two reactions: the activation of factor XII by
      plasma kallikrein (reaction 1) and the activation of prekallikrein by factor XIIa
      (reaction 2). The effects of high-Mr kininogen and kaolin surface on the kinetics
      of these activation reactions were studied. High-Mr kininogen markedly enhanced
      the rate of reactions 1 and 2 in the presence of kaolin, and the enhancements
      were highly dependent on the concentrations of the protein cofactor and amount of
      kaolin surface. For the activation of factor XII by plasma kallikrein (reaction
      1), high-Mr kininogen was required when a low concentration of factor XII and
      kaolin was used. The molar ratio of the protein cofactor to factor XII for
      optimal activation was found to be approximately 1:1. The apparent Km value and
      the kcat/Km value for plasma kallikrein on factor XII were calculated to be 4 nM
      and 5.2 X 10(7) s-1 X M-1, respectively. The activation of prekallikrein by
      factor XIIa, (reaction 2) proceeded even in the absence of high-Mr kininogen and
      kaolin. The addition of the protein cofactor and surface to the reaction mixture
      remarkably accelerated the reaction, and the apparent Km value for factor XIIa on
      prekallikrein was reduced from 1 microM to 40 nM. Moreover, the kcat/Km value was
      altered from 7.3 X 10(4) to 1.1 X 10(6) s-1 X M-1). These results suggest that
      high-Mr kininogen accelerates the surface-mediated activation of factor XII and
      prekallikrein by enhancing the susceptibility of factor XII to plasma kallikrein,
      on the one hand, and the affinity of factor XIIa for prekallikrein, on the other
      hand. Kaolin may play an important role in the concentration and organization of
      these components on the negatively charged surface.

PMID- 3871395
TI  - Chromosome mapping of cell membrane antigens expressed on activated B cells.
AB  - Hybrids formed by fusion of either human acute lymphoblastic or chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia cells and the mouse myeloma P3.X63.Ag8/653 have been used to
      show that the expression of two cell surface antigens, Bp37 and p76, associated
      with B cell activation and detected by the monoclonal antibodies BB1 and BB2,
      respectively, segregate with human chromosomes 12 and 19, respectively. Another
      antigen expressed on activated B cells (p24) also maps to chromosome 12 (Katz et
      al., Eur. J. Immunol. 1984. 13: 1008) which is of interest in the light of the
      frequent involvement of this chromosome in certain B cell leukemias and
      lymphomas.

PMID- 3871396
TI  - Human monocyte heterogeneity: interleukin 1 and prostaglandin E2 production by
      separate subsets.
AB  - Human peripheral blood monocytes were separated into four different
      subpopulations by means of a discontinuous bovine serum albumin gradient. Of the
      least dense population, 7% were present in fraction A, 11% in fraction B, 28% in
      fraction C and of the most dense, 34% were in fraction D. The rest (17%) of the
      recovered cells sedimented as a pellet, of which 95% were dead. The monocytes of
      fraction D (= greater than or equal to 1.075 kg/l) were major interleukin 1 (IL
      1) producers and their presence enhanced immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro.
      Fraction C (= greater than or equal to 1.070 kg/l) were the major prostaglandin
      E2 (PGE2) producers and demonstrated suppressor activity on in vitro IgG and IgM
      synthesis. Fractions A and B had minimal production of either IL 1 or PGE2 and
      lesser effects on the IgG and IgM synthesis. These data demonstrate functional
      heterogeneity of peripheral blood monocytes with respect to production of both IL
      1 and PGE2 as well as accessory cells for immunoglobulin synthesis.

PMID- 3871397
TI  - DNA ligases as markers of lymphoid cell maturation and heterogeneity in the
      chicken.
AB  - The activities of 8 S and 6 S DNA ligases have been studied in the chicken
      lymphoid cells of blood, spleen and bursa of Fabricius at different stages of
      development, from late embryonic life to about 3 months after hatching. These
      cells have been sorted with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter FACS II on the
      basis of size and T or B antigenicity (immunofluorescence). The light 6 S DNA
      ligase has been previously demonstrated to be associated to a late stage of
      differentiation of thymocytes. In the bursa, a unique form of 8 S DNA ligase is
      found during the whole period of observation. This form of enzyme remains in the
      B cells of the spleen until 3 weeks after hatching, but is never present in the
      blood B cells. As far as T cells are concerned, the light DNA ligase is present
      in the blood from 18-day embryonic life on. In the spleen T cells, on the
      contrary, this enzyme appears only 3 weeks after hatching. Before this stage,
      splenic T cells are devoid of any form of DNA ligase activity. These findings
      show biochemical differences in T and B lymphocytes colonizing the periphery,
      blood and spleen, and suggest, at least for the T cells at early stages, a
      heterogeneity in the degree of differentiation.

PMID- 3871398
TI  - Clones of B lymphocytes in individual follicles of the bursa of Fabricius.
AB  - To discover whether individual bursal follicles can contain clones of B
      lymphocytes, we estimated the numbers of lymphoid cell precursors populating
      single follicles in two types of chicken chimera. The first type was produced by
      establishing parabiotic connections between blood vessels of embryo
      chorioallantoic membranes. Under these conditions, and most likely during normal
      development, most follicles are populated by more than one, but less than ten,
      precursor cells. However, in a second type of chimera, a cyclophosphamide-treated
      chick reconstituted with normal bursal cells, most follicles in the reconstituted
      bursa are clonal (their lymphocytes are derived from a single precursor cell).
      Individual follicles can readily be isolated from bursae of reconstituted birds
      and should be useful in studies of B cell development.

PMID- 3871399
TI  - Effects of electroacupuncture on the neuronal activity of the arcuate nucleus of
      the rat hypothalamus.
AB  - Electroacupuncture (EA) effects on the spontaneous unit activities of 143 neurons
      in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARH) which were electrophysiologically
      identified to project to the median eminence were investigated using anesthetized
      rats weighing about 300 g. Stimuli were delivered unilaterally to a meridian
      point of Ho-Ku in the forepaw as rectangular pulses of 5 ms duration, intensity
      300 to 500 microA, for 15 min at 3 and 45 Hz. Unit activities of ARH cells were
      extracellularly recorded and the mean firing rates were compared before and after
      EA stimulation. Stimulation at 3 or 45 Hz induced a long-lasting and naloxone
      reversible suppression of the magnitude of the digastric electromyogram (dEMG) in
      the jaw opening reflex to 48 to 56% of the control value. Based upon the EA
      effects on the spontaneous firing rate, the ARH cells were classified into three
      types: the rate either increased (type I), decreased (type II), or did not change
      (type III). Type I, II, and III neurons composed 56, 40, and 4% of the recorded
      neurons (N = 45) when EA stimulation was applied at 3 Hz, and 27, 70, and 3% (N =
      37) at 45 Hz, respectively. The distribution of the three types of ARH neurons
      after EA stimulation at 3 Hz was significantly different (P less than 0.05, chi
      square test) from that at 45 Hz.

PMID- 3871400
TI  - A correlative study of internode proportions and sensitivity to procaine in
      regenerated frog sciatic nerves.
AB  - A comparison of regenerated and normal frog sciatic nerves showed a marked
      reduction in conduction velocity from 37.5 to 15.2 m/s with little change in the
      absolute refractory period. Changes in conduction velocity corresponded to a
      reduced mean axon caliber (4.8 versus 6.6 micron). Regenerated nerves also had
      markedly foreshortened internodes (mean of 309 versus 1236) micron) and thinner
      sheaths than controls. The geometric proportions of internode length/fiber
      caliber (l/d) was reduced to approximately one-third of normal. Regenerated
      nerves were more easily blocked by exposure to 3 mmol/liter procaine than
      controls, showing greater increase in the absolute refractory, or decreases,
      respectively, in the peak of the alpha-wave and the area of the compound action
      potential; the effect of procaine on conduction velocity was less marked.
      Exposure of various lengths of nerves in chambers of 1, 3, or 20 mm length
      revealed greater differences for the shorter chambers. The data indicated that
      some effects could be attributed to the foreshortening of the regenerated
      internodes. The main difference between normal and regenerated nerves, however,
      had to be attributed to changes in the nodal membrane characteristics of the
      latter.

PMID- 3871402
TI  - Electrical responses to taste chemicals across the dorsal epithelium of bullfrog
      tongue.
AB  - Stimulation of the bullfrog tongue with taste chemicals produced a slow change in
      transepithelial potential difference across the dorsal epithelium. The potential
      profile was in many respects similar to that of the intracellularly recorded
      potential changes in taste cells and to the activity of taste fibers in frogs.

PMID- 3871401
TI  - Activity increases quantal size at the frog neuromuscular junction.
AB  - Two h of nerve stimulation at 10 Hz or of elevated spontaneous release in
      hypertonic solution increased the size of miniature end-plate potentials
      (m.e.p.p.'s) and currents at the frog neuromuscular junction, probably by
      increasing the amount of acetylcholine in a quantum. Increases in quantal size
      may modulate synaptic transmission.

PMID- 3871403
TI  - Vitamin A and tumor immunity.
AB  - Intraperitoneal administration of vitamin A into the BALB/c mice inoculated with
      a syngeneic fibrosarcoma, Meth A, caused a remarkable augmentation of tumor
      rejection. A cell-depletion technique revealed that the primary effector cells
      responsible for the augmented rejection were Thy-1 positive, Lyt-1 negative, Lyt
      2 positive lymphocytes, suggesting the involvement of cytotoxic lymphocytes.

PMID- 3871404
TI  - Thrombin induces the rapid formation of inositol bisphosphate and inositol
      trisphosphate in human platelets.
AB  - Human platelets prelabeled with [3H]inositol were exposed to thrombin. The
      aqueous soluble inositol phosphates were separated by anion exchange column
      chromatography, paper chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography,
      and identified by cochromatography with authentic standard substances. Thrombin
      immediately induces the rapid formation of inositol 1,4-bisphosphate and inositol
      1,4,5-trisphosphate. Accumulation of inositol-1-monophosphate and inositol-2
      monophosphate occurs later after a time lag of 10 sec. The results indicate that
      the phospholipase C induced polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis rather than the
      phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis is the triggering event for platelet activation,
      and support the concept of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate as putative second
      messenger.

PMID- 3871405
TI  - Regulation of the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
      by macrophage-like tumour cell lines.
AB  - Macrophage tumour cell lines (PU5-1.8, P388D1) produced detectable granulocyte
      macrophage colony-stimulating (CSF-2) activity measured using a factor-dependent
      cell line FDC-P1. The production of CSF-2 was enhanced by endotoxin and inhibited
      by serum, and correlated inversely with [3H]TdR incorporation. mRNA isolated from
      PU5-1.8 or P388D1 cells initiated CSF-2 production when injected into Xenopus
      laevis oocytes. The specific activity in this assay was unaltered in mRNA
      isolated from endotoxin-treated cells. The results suggest that endotoxin acts at
      a post-transcriptional level.

PMID- 3871406
TI  - Morphine depression of T cell E-rosetting: definition of the process.
AB  - Two kinetic assays were developed to assess opiate effects on rates of T cell E
      rosetting. The first adopted the thermal conditions of active E-rosetting assays
      (varying between 37 and 23 C) whereas the second incorporated cooler thermal
      conditions (varying between 0 and 29 C). In vitro treatment of lymphocytes with
      morphine depressed E-receptor levels and E-rosetting in both assays. With the 0
      29 C procedure early stages of E-rosette formation were characterized by phase
      transition kinetics indicative of sequential gain and loss of E-rosettes. Assay
      thermal and erythrocyte (E) to T cell contact conditions, and the inclusion of
      morphine during E-rosetting, were independent variables that coordinately
      modulated the expression of phase transitions. Phase transitions were also noted
      during capping of total T cell E-rosettes at 37 C. The reason for phase
      transitions appears to be that T cells undergo sequential cycling of E-receptors,
      increasing because of the new expression of dormant E-receptors as the result of
      E-receptor microdisplacement and decreasing because E-rosettes are lost owing to
      patching and capping processes. According to this construction of the E-rosetting
      process, morphine inhibits E-rosetting and modulates expression of phase
      transitions by interfering with E-receptor microdisplacement processes.
      Presumably this interference by morphine is mediated through alteration of
      membrane fluidity and promotion of E-receptor coupling (and/or inhibition of
      uncoupling) to a transducer-effector component within the cell membrane. These
      findings and conclusions are specifically relevant to immunoregulatory processes
      and are also helpful for understanding the general nature of biological and
      physiological responses associated with receptor-ligand interactions.

PMID- 3871407
TI  - Corticotropin-releasing factor. Proceedings of a conference, February 20-24, 1984
      sponsored by the Kroc Foundation.

PMID- 3871408
TI  - Biological and immunological studies of bovine hypothalamic corticotropin
      releasing factor.
AB  - Corticotropin-releasing factor B (CRF-B) is a peptide(s) isolated from bovine
      hypothalamic extracts by Sephadex G-100 chromatography on the basis of its
      ability to stimulate secretion of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) in vitro and in
      vivo. It is similar in molecular size to the 41-residue ovine CRF (oCRF) or rat
      CRF (rCRF) recently elucidated and appears to be their bovine counterpart.
      Immunoreactivity of CRF-B was examined in homologous radioimmunoassays (RIAs) for
      oCRF or rCRF, using several anti-oCRF and anti-rCRF antibodies. CRF-B cross
      reacted well with anti-oCRF antibodies but poorly with anti-rCRF antibodies.
      Purification of CRF-B with preparative isoelectric focusing yielded four CRF
      peaks, B-1 (pH 4.7), B-2 (pH 5.5), B-3 (pH 6.3), and B-4 (pH 7.0), which
      accounted for 16, 30, 46, and 8% of the total immunoreactivity, respectively. CRF
      B-2, B-3, and B-4 showed both immunological activity and biological activity in
      vitro (cell culture assay) and in vivo (Arimura assay), whereas CRF B-1 showed
      only immunoreactivity. Their relative bioactivity/immunoreactivity ratios were 0
      (B-1), 1 (B-2), 1 (B-3), and 3 (B-4). All of these CRF-B subtypes exhibited RIA
      displacement curves parallel to that for the oCRF standard and coeluted with oCRF
      on Sephadex G-100 chromatography, which suggests that their molecular
      modifications are relatively minor.

PMID- 3871409
TI  - Distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor in rat brain.
AB  - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) has been measured in 70 brain nuclei and in
      the posterior pituitary of the rat by radioimmunoassay (RIA) developed against
      synthetic rat CRF. CRF-like immunoreactivity was detected in 32 brain areas in
      concentrations higher than 0.3 ng/mg protein. Most of the CRF in the brain was in
      the hypothalamus, where the highest level was found in the median eminence.
      Several limbic nuclei, such as the lateral septal nucleus, central amygdaloid
      nucleus, periventricular thalamic nuclei, and bed nucleus of the stria
      terminalis, contained CRF in moderate to low concentrations. CRF was detected in
      a number of lower brain-stem nuclei, including the ventral tegmental area,
      central gray matter, dorsal raphe, parabrachial nuclei, and locus ceruleus.
      Surprisingly, the highest extrahypothalamic CRF level was found in the inferior
      olive. Our RIA data are, in general, fairly consistent with immunohistochemical
      findings.

PMID- 3871410
TI  - Central and peripheral distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor.
AB  - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is widely distributed in the central nervous
      system and is associated with nuclei and pathways that control the release of
      adrenocorticotropin and beta-endorphin from the pituitary, and others that
      mediate central and peripheral autonomic responses to stress. Major
      concentrations of CRF immunoreactive neurons have been described in the
      hypothalamus, parts of the limbic system, several nuclei of the basal forebrain
      and brain stem, and the cerebral cortex. Recent data on the distribution of CRF
      immunoreactive perikarya and fibers in the preoptic-septal area, the thalamus,
      and the spinal cord are reviewed. Outside the nervous system, CRF-like
      immunoreactivity has been shown to occur in endocrine cells of the pancreas and
      gastrointestinal system, and in the liver, pituitary, adrenal, lung, placenta,
      and several endocrine tumors. However, the chemical identity of this "peripheral
      CRF" has not been determined.

PMID- 3871411
TI  - Behavioral effects of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor administered to rhesus
      monkeys.
AB  - Synthetic ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) administered i.v. and
      intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) to rhesus monkeys resulted in endocrine,
      autonomic, and behavioral changes. When the monkeys were chair-restrained,
      behavioral arousal increased. When the same doses of CRF were administered in a
      more familiar environment, the animals became behaviorally inhibited. Behavioral
      alterations were associated with hypotension after i.v. CRF. Slight increases in
      blood pressure were observed after i.c.v. CRF. The potential clinical
      significance for the use of rhesus monkey to study the effects of CRF is
      discussed.

PMID- 3871412
TI  - Corticotropin-releasing factor and behavior.
AB  - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) has behavioral activating effects when
      injected intracerebroventricularly in rats. CRF dose-dependently increased
      activity in a familiar photocell cage environment. This activation persisted
      after hypophysectomy, opiate receptor blockade, and low-dose dopamine receptor
      blockade, which suggests a unique mechanism of action. CRF also improved
      acquisition of a visual discrimination task. In aversive situations such as an
      open field test CRF produced behavioral changes consistent with increased
      emotionality. These results suggest that CRF liberated directly into the central
      nervous system may have a neurotropic action important for mobilizing behavioral
      responses to stress.

PMID- 3871413
TI  - Habitat selection in larval anurans: early experience and substrate pattern
      selection in Rana pipiens.
AB  - The tadpoles of Rana pipiens, unlike those of other frogs that have been reported
      on, do not develop clear-cut perceptual preferences for familiar background
      patterns composed of either squares or stripes. When larvae reared on white
      and/or patterned backgrounds are tested for preference between these backgrounds,
      they all exhibited a preference for white backgrounds. When the larvae were
      tested for preference among uniform backgrounds of varying brightness, those
      reared on the two brighter backgrounds showed no preference, and those reared on
      the two darker backgrounds preferred the brightest of the available backgrounds.
      The larvae of R. pipiens behave as if they possess an experientially modifiable
      defense reaction such that, when frightened, they move preferentially onto
      brighter backgrounds and avoid boldly patterned backgrounds. A pattern may be
      less aversive if it is familiar than if it is unfamiliar. Larvae from South
      Dakota tended to habituate more effectively to striped backgrounds, and those
      from Wisconsin to backgrounds composed of squares.

PMID- 3871414
TI  - Vitamin D metabolism and osteomalacia in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - A 25-yr-old black man with cystic fibrosis and cirrhosis developed symptoms of
      osteomalacia and hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism,
      and low circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD). Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
      (1,25-[OH]2D) was within the normal range. Iliac crest bone biopsy confirmed the
      diagnosis of osteomalacia. Oral administration of 50,000 IU of vitamin D2 failed
      to relieve symptoms or raise serum 25-OHD levels to normal. Intramuscular vitamin
      D2, 10,000 IU every 8-12 week, improved symptoms, raised serum 25-OHD to normal,
      and increased circulating 1,25-[OH]2D to values five times normal. Over the next
      10 mo circulating 1,25-[OH]2D remained elevated despite normalization of serum
      calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone. Repeat bone biopsy 1 yr after
      parenteral vitamin D showed healing of the osteomalacia. Malabsorption of vitamin
      D appears secondary to profound steatorrhea due to pancreatic insufficiency and
      secondary biliary cirrhosis. Although extensive hepatocellular disease was
      present, hepatic conversion of vitamin D to 25-OHD was intact. Both high and low
      circulating 1,25-[OH]2D levels during active osteomalacia have been reported;
      initially, the level was in the normal range and higher values in this patient
      occurred with repletion of 25-OHD substrate. This study shows that symptomatic
      osteomalacia may be a major manifestation of cystic fibrosis in those patients
      surviving into adulthood. Measurements of serum 25-OHD in cystic fibrosis
      patients may identify those who should receive supplemental vitamin D.

PMID- 3871415
TI  - Mental illness and ischemic heart disease: analysis of psychiatric morbidity.
AB  - In this study we analyze from a cardiologic and psychiatric point of view a
      consecutive sample of 194 patients treated in a cardiology outpatient unit. A
      psychiatric morbidity of 44.8% is found, expressing itself fundamentally as
      depression and anxiety neurosis. It is observed how the presence of chest pain
      significantly conditions the appearance of psychiatric disturbance, there being,
      moreover, a tendency in the same direction with increasing degrees of impairment
      of cardiac function. Certain personal and sociocultural factors also play a
      significant role in the development of mental illness in these patients.

PMID- 3871416
TI  - Endoscopic sclerotherapy using absolute alcohol.
AB  - To assess the efficacy of absolute alcohol as a sclerosant, endoscopic
      sclerotherapy was carried out using a conventional endoscope and an indigenously
      designed injector. Forty three patients with portal hypertension who had
      presented with history of variceal bleeding were included in the study. Portal
      hypertension was caused by cirrhosis in 30 (69.8%), non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis
      in eight (18.6%) and extra-hepatic obstruction in five (11.8%). Acute bleeding
      was successfully controlled in all 11 patients, seven with a fresh bleed and four
      who rebled while on endoscopic sclerotherapy regimen. All patients with fresh,
      recent, or old bleeding were treated with a weekly endoscopic sclerotherapy
      schedule. Reduction in variceal size of two or more grades was achieved in all 20
      patients who had completed at least four endoscopic sclerotherapy courses with
      total eradication of varices in 16 (80%). The mean (+/- SD) number of endoscopic
      sclerotherapy courses and time required for variceal eradication was 6.06 (+/-
      1.87) and 9.1 (+/- 4.69) weeks respectively. None of these patients has shown
      appearance of fresh varices in a follow up of 18.47 +/- 8.50 weeks (range six to
      38 weeks). Six patients died; all deaths were caused by progressive hepatic
      encephalopathy. Complications usually seen were dysphagia, retrosternal pain and
      fever; these were mild and easily tolerated by the patients. Rebleeding occurred
      in four patients who had received less than four endoscopic sclerotherapy
      courses. Absolute alcohol appears to be an effective, safe, economical, and
      freely available sclerosant. advocate endoscopic sclerotherapy as the first line
      of treatment for acute variceal bleeding and recommend a weekly schedule for the
      early eradication of varices.

PMID- 3871417
TI  - T-lymphocyte progenitors in man: phenotypic characterization of blood and bone
      marrow T-colony forming cells.
AB  - Human T-lymphocyte cell precursors are driven to proliferate in vitro and to form
      T-cell colonies during incubation with a PHA-stimulated lymphocyte supernatant (P
      SUP). By using cell affinity chromatography, we selected different populations of
      putative T-lymphocyte precursors in the blood and bone marrow. T-colony forming
      cells (T-CFC) were found in each of these different populations of cells with
      phenotypically immature cell surface markers: OKT11- cells or OKT4-/OKT8- cells
      in the blood and bone marrow, and OKT10+ or RFB-1+ cells in the bone marrow.
      Pretreatment with OKT3, together with a monoclonal anti-DR antibody and
      complement, did not abrogate the T-colony forming capacity. The OKT4-/OKT8-
      precursors were more radiosensitive (Do = 105 rads) than OKT4+, OKT8+ cells (Do =
      360 rads) in their T-colony forming capacity. These results suggest that T-CFC
      could be induced to grow in agar from cells populations representing early steps
      of the T-cell lineage.

PMID- 3871418
TI  - Control of human T-colony formation by interleukin-2.
AB  - T-colony formation can be induced in PHA-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells (PBM) from man, but not in PHA-stimulated purified T cells, the latter
      requiring the presence of factors produced by PHA-stimulated PBM and termed T
      colony promoting activity (TCPA). In this paper, we demonstrate that interleukin
      2 (IL-2), the growth hormone of T lymphocytes, controls T-colony formation. We
      show that: IL-2 activity and TCPA produced by PHA-activated PBM are co-purified
      by gel filtration and chromatography on blue agarose, a procedure which yields a
      850-fold IL-2 purification; recombinant IL-2, produced by genetically manipulated
      Escherichia coli, can induce T-colony formation in PHA-stimulated purified T
      cells; Monoclonal antibody against the IL-2 receptor (anti-Tac antibody)
      completely inhibits the T-colony formation in PHA-stimulated PBM when directly
      added to the culture system.

PMID- 3871419
TI  - Mechanisms of in vivo generation of cytotoxic activity against syngeneic tumours.
      I. Local differentiation of mature cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the rejection of
      tumours.
AB  - Mature cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were detected in the peritoneal cavity of
      syngeneic mice immunized intraperitoneally (i.p.) with mitomycin C (MC)-treated
      EL-4 or X5563 cells, but were not found in their spleens or lymph nodes. Mature
      CTL appeared among PE cells after transfer of spleen cells from those immune
      mice, along with MC-treated tumour cells, to the peritoneal cavity of syngeneic
      mice. These results lead us to the hypothesis that immature CTL primed in the
      spleen and lymph nodes may migrate to the site of tumour inoculation and
      differentiate into mature CTL after antigenic or non-specific stimulation at that
      site. Inability of primed CTL to differentiate to mature CTL in the spleen might
      be explained by the effect of splenic suppressor cells, since mature CTL became
      detectable in the spleen of immune mice by treatment with cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 3871420
TI  - Different cellular requirements for inducing contact sensitivity and non-specific
      unresponsiveness with hapten-conjugated lymphoid cells.
AB  - Primary contact sensitivity (CS) to Ox and non-specific unresponsiveness to other
      unrelated delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) containing CS were induced
      simultaneously by i.v. administration of oxazolone(Ox)-conjugated spleen cells.
      The subpopulation of spleen cells which serves as carriers for the induction of
      primary CS consisted of plastic-adherent, Thy 1-negative macrophage-like cells,
      and the carriers for the induction of non-specific unresponsiveness were non
      adherent, Thy 1-positive cells. Further, allogeneic spleen cells were not capable
      of acting as carriers for the induction of primary CS, though H-2 restriction was
      not observed in the induction of non-specific unresponsiveness by Ox-conjugated
      cells. Thus, these two phenomena were shown to be induced by distinct pathways or
      distinct mechanisms. Adult thymectomy or treatment with cyclophosphamide (CY)
      prevents the induction of non-specific unresponsiveness. Moreover, an interval of
      7 days was required for almost complete suppression of CS between treatment with
      Ox-conjugated spleen cells and sensitization with picryl chloride (PCl). These
      results suggest that relatively short-lived, CY-sensitive T cells participate in
      the induction of the non-specific unresponsiveness induced with Ox-conjugated
      cells.

PMID- 3871421
TI  - Effect of iron deficiency on the response of mouse lymphocytes to concanavalin A:
      the importance of transferrin-bound iron.
AB  - The in vitro response to Con A of lymphocytes from iron-deficient and normal mice
      in media containing either 10% fetal calf serum, apotransferrin or 20% iron
      saturated transferrin was similar for the iron-deficient and control groups.
      However, the degree of proliferation in serum-free medium containing
      apotransferrin was significantly lower in all groups, compared to the responses
      in media containing either 20% iron-saturated transferrin or 10% fetal calf
      serum. Proliferation of lymphocytes from normal, iron-deficient or iron-repleted
      mice was lower in media supplemented with serum from iron-deficient mice than
      when serum from normal or iron-repleted mice was used. Addition of sufficient
      iron to bring the iron level of the deficient serum to that of normal serum
      significantly improved its ability to promote proliferation, while in vivo
      repletion of iron-deficient mice resulted in a restoration of normal lymphocyte
      responses to Con A. The proportion of cells positive for Thy 1.2, Ly 1 and Ly 2
      antigens did not differ significantly between any groups of mice. Protein
      synthesis by cells proliferating in serum-free medium containing apotransferrin
      or 20% iron-saturated transferrin was the same in all groups of mice. These
      results indicate that decreased lymphocyte proliferative responses in iron
      deficiency may be due to inadequate levels of circulating transferrin-bound iron,
      rather than to intrinsic defects in the cells themselves or changes in the
      proportions of different T-cell subsets, and that iron availability does not
      affect protein synthesis by proliferating lymphocytes.

PMID- 3871422
TI  - The effect of sensitization of pregnant Lewis rats with encephalitogen on the
      subsequent susceptibility of their offspring to allergic encephalomyelitis.
AB  - In a previous report (Smith & Rumjanek, 1984), it was shown that offspring of
      female Lewis rats which had been sensitized with encephalitogen during the
      second, but not the third or first, week of pregnancy, were resistant to the
      induction of EAE at 10 weeks of age. These observations have been extended to
      show that transfer of protection, from mothers to offspring, occurs during
      lactation. It is shown, furthermore, that sensitization leads to decreased
      incidence of disease in offspring, maternal clinical status simply determining
      the duration of protection enjoyed by offspring. The possible source of this
      protection is discussed.

PMID- 3871423
TI  - A key role for fibronectin in the sequential binding of native dsDNA and
      monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies to components of the extracellular matrix: its
      possible significance in glomerulonephritis.
AB  - The interactions of DNA, monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibodies and isolated purified
      components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) were studied in a solid phase model
      system. Binding of DNA to each of the components was assessed using monoclonal
      antibody and enzyme conjugated antiglobulin in direct binding and inhibition
      assays. Each of the genetically distinct collagens (Types I-IV), proteoglycan
      monomer and laminin, bound ssDNA, but dsDNA bound significantly only to
      fibronectin. When used in an inhibition system, fibronectin linked DNA and anti
      DNA antibodies to the collagens; it had a differential effect on the binding of
      ssDNA and dsDNA to a Type IV collagen matrix, the most striking feature being a
      100 fold increase in dsDNA binding to Type IV collagen in the presence of
      fibronectin. It is likely that fibronectin binds dsDNA to collagen by separate
      binding domains for these molecules, and that this may be involved in the
      deposition of DNA in kidneys in some forms of glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3871424
TI  - Complotype genetic loci segregate more frequently with HLA-DR than with HLA-B.
AB  - The loci for BF, C2, C4A, and C4B are very closely linked to each other so that
      alleles of these plasma protein markers occur in populations in linkage
      disequilibrium and are inherited as single genetic units called complotypes.
      These complotypes are coded by a DNA region of the short arm of chromosome 6
      embracing approximately 100 kilobases, which serve as a marker of the major
      histocompatibility complex. We have studied the complotypes of nine families with
      known HLA-B/DR crossovers. In seven families, the complotypes were inherited with
      HLA-DR, including in one family with a double recombination. The haplotype HLA
      A28, Cw1, B27, FC3, 20, DR4 of JTr resulted from two recombinations between HLA
      A2, Cw1, B27, SC42, DR7 and HLA-A28, Cwx or Cw1, B37, FC3, 20, DR4. In the
      remaining two families (Ro and Lo) the complotypes were inherited with HLA-B. The
      haplotype A2, Cw5, Bw44, SC30, DR3 of StLo resulted from paternal recombination
      between the haplotypes A2, Cw5, Bw44, SC30, DR4 and A24, B8, SC01, DR3, and the
      haplotype A24, Cw4, Bw35, SC31, DR3 of NaRo resulted from maternal recombination
      between A24, Cw4, Bw35, SC31, DR4 and A26, Bw41, FC31, DR3. Our data suggest that
      the complotype region maps closer to HLA-D than to HLA-B.

PMID- 3871425
TI  - Penicillinase plasmid-linked genetic determinants for enterotoxins B and C1
      production in Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - The genes encoding for beta-lactamase (bla+) and resistance to metallic ions
      (cadmium, mercury, lead, arsenate, and arsenite) were located in a 56.2-kilobase
      plasmid, pZA10, isolated from a clinical strain, Staphylococcus aureus 6344. This
      strain produced enterotoxin B and enterotoxin C1. Elimination of pZA10 by either
      sodium dodecyl sulfate or heat treatment (43 degrees C) resulted in the loss of
      the capability of the bacteria to produce both enterotoxin B and enterotoxin C1.
      A physical map of pZA10 was constructed with BamHI, SalI and BglII restriction
      endonucleases. Penicillin-resistant, enterotoxin B- and C1-producing
      cotransformants were isolated by transformation with pZA10 DNA with either S.
      aureus RN450 or cured S. aureus 6344 as recipients. The transferred plasmids
      exhibited genetic instability shown by changes in restriction pattern and
      molecular size, loss of plasmid DNA, and addition of chromosomal DNA. Enterotoxin
      B production was related to a 18.1-kilobase pZA10 fragment carried by such a
      rearranged plasmid. Chromosomal cointegration of bla+ with genetic determinants
      for metallic ion resistance and enterotoxin B and C1 production were detected in
      heat-treated S. aureus 6344. Transformation employing chromosomal DNA containing
      the integrated plasmid resulted in excision and reestablishment of pZA10-related
      plasmids in the transformants. pZA10-linked resistance to cadmium, which was lost
      upon the integration of pZA10 into the host chromosome, reappeared in
      transformants carrying the excised plasmid.

PMID- 3871426
TI  - Cellular and humoral immune responses of mice subclinically infected with
      Pneumocystis carinii.
AB  - Cellular and humoral immune responses to Pneumocystis carinii were investigated.
      ICR and DDD mice were intranasally infected with 10(4) mouse lung-derived P.
      carinii, and the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction and antibody titers
      to P. carinii were measured along with the number of P. carinii cysts in the
      lungs after infection. The number of P. carinii cysts in the lungs peaked at 2
      weeks after infection and then decreased to barely detectable levels by 4 weeks.
      Serum antibody (immunoglobulin G) titers measured by indirect immunofluorescence
      increased up to 4 weeks. The DTH footpad reaction was most prominent at 2 weeks
      postinfection and declined thereafter. Thus, the decline in the number of P.
      carinii cysts in the lungs corresponded well with the time of the peak of the DTH
      reaction but not with the serum antibody response. Spleen T cells from infected
      mice mediated the DTH reaction when transferred intravenously into normal
      recipients and reduced the number of P. carinii cysts in the lungs when
      transferred intravenously into P. carinii-infected mice. The results indicated
      that cellular immunity is important for protection from subclinical P. carinii
      infections.

PMID- 3871427
TI  - Suppression of IgE antibody production after exposure to ozone in mice.
AB  - The effect of ozone exposure on IgE antibody production with aerosolized
      ovalbumin (OA) administration was investigated in Balb/c mice. Mice were
      continuously exposed to 0.8 ppm ozone for 1, 2, or 4 weeks, respectively, and
      subsequently aerosolized OA was administered through the respiratory tract for 6
      min with a nebulizer. The mice were then immunized intraperitoneally 1 week later
      with OA. IgE antibody production was suppressed in ozone-exposed mice. However,
      no significant difference in the primary IgE antibody production by
      intraperitoneal immunization alone with OA was observed between ozone-exposed
      mice and nonexposed mice. In order to elucidate the suppressive mechanism of IgE
      antibody production, hapten-carrier antigenic system was used. It is shown that
      the induction of helper T cell function was suppressed if the aerosolized carrier
      protein was administered before intraperitoneal immunization in the mice exposed
      to ozone. These results suggest that ozone exposure has the effect on the stage
      of administration of inhaled antigen and the quite insignificant effect on the
      IgE antibody production after intraperitoneal immunization with OA.

PMID- 3871428
TI  - Occupational risk of hepatitis B infection in hospital workers.
AB  - To estimate the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among hospital workers,
      we measured the prevalence of HBV infection in employees in five hospitals in
      different parts of the country and examined the effect of occupational and non
      occupational factors on HBV prevalence. Among 5,697 persons studied, serologic
      markers of HBV infection were found in 807 (14%). Prevalence of infection was
      strongly related to race (Asian greater than Black greater than White), sex (male
      greater than female) and increasing age. Risk related to health occupation,
      studied by examining the change in HBV prevalence with duration in occupational
      group, was most strongly correlated with frequency of contact with blood during
      work. Workers having frequent blood contact had the highest estimated infection
      rate (1.05 per 100 person-years) and those with moderate contact an intermediate
      infection rate, compared to a negligible infection rate in workers with no blood
      contact. Frequency of needle accidents had an independent, positive effect on HBV
      infection rates, while degree of patient contact had no effect. Infection risk
      was uniform among all hospitals for groups with frequent blood contact. Among
      different occupation groups, risk of HBV infection also correlated closely with
      degree of blood-needle contact during daily work. This study provides a general
      approach to assessing risk of HBV infection in hospital personnel, and indicates
      that risk may be most easily estimated by quantitating degree of blood-needle
      contact during daily work.

PMID- 3871429
TI  - Effects of cyclosporine on T-cell subsets in experimental autoimmune uveitis.
AB  - The effective inhibition of S-antigen (S-Ag) induced experimental autoimmune
      uveitis (EAU) by Cyclosporine (CsA) suggests strongly the important role of T
      cells in the modulation of this disease. The authors evaluated the changes in T
      cell subsets induced by this agent in S-Ag immunized Lewis rats. Using the
      fluorescence-activated cell sorter and monoclonal antibody preparations directed
      against rat T-cell subsets, a comparison was made between lymphocyte populations
      obtained from CsA or olive oil treated S-Ag immunized rats taken 5, 10, 12, and
      14 days after antigenic challenge. The T-cell subpopulations of lymphocyte
      preparations from the spleen and peripheral blood of CsA-treated and control
      animals appeared to parallel each other, with both groups showing an increase in
      the suppressor/cytotoxic fraction beginning on day 12 and approaching the
      percentage of inducer cells by day 14. Lymphocyte preparations from lymph nodes
      draining the site of S-Ag immunization from CsA-treated animals demonstrated a
      different T-cell subset profile than did controls. Beginning on day 10, the
      control group was noted to have an increased inducer cell fraction as compared
      with the CsA group. This increase in the inducer fraction paralleled an increase
      in the in vitro proliferative responses to the S-Ag. These data suggest that CsA
      appears to prevent the development of inducer cells in the lymph nodes draining
      the S-Ag immunization site, the T-cell subgroup the authors have seen capable of
      inducing EAU.

PMID- 3871430
TI  - Biosynthetic human EGF accelerates healing of Neodecadron-treated primate
      corneas.
AB  - Topical administration of biosynthetic human epidermal growth factor (h-EGF),
      given in combination with an antibiotic and synthetic steroid (Neodecadron)
      accelerated the rate of corneal epithelial regeneration and significantly
      increased the strength of full-thickness stromal incisions in primates. The
      regenerated epithelial cells of EGF-Neodecadron-treated corneas appeared normal
      on histologic examination and showed no evidence of hypertrophy or hyperplasia.
      The EGF-Neodecadron-treated stromal incisions were characterized by new collagen
      formation and a smaller epithelial cell plug than Neodecadron-treated control
      corneas. These results suggest that biosynthetic h-EGF, which lacks the
      immunologic potential of nonhuman proteins, may be effective in accelerating
      healing of corneal epithelial defects and stromal incisions in patients whose
      healing is suppressed by treatment with steroids.

PMID- 3871431
TI  - Perceptions of the waiting period before coronary artery bypass grafting.

PMID- 3871432
TI  - Insulin-dependent diabetes--associated HLA-D region encoded determinants.
AB  - We have studied the relative frequency of Dw specificities (defined with
      homozygous typing cells or primed LD (lymphocyte defined) typing reagents)
      associated with DR4 and DR2 in the normal and insulin-dependent diabetic
      population. Our findings demonstrate that there is a highly significantly
      increased frequency of Dw4 in DR4 positive diabetics as compared with normals and
      a significantly decreased frequency of Dw2 and Dw12 in the few DR2 positive
      insulin-dependent diabetics that we have found. In addition, we have used PLT
      reagents to define a new LD specificity, LD-MN2, that is associated with DR2 and
      is found significantly more frequently in DR2+ IDD patients than in DR2+ normals.
      These results suggest that determinants of import in the association between HLA
      D and IDD may be more closely related to Dw than to DR.

PMID- 3871433
TI  - On the natural biology of the malignant cells in Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - The biological attributes and cellular origin of the malignant cells in Hodgkin's
      disease have been subject to numerous investigations both on fresh biopsy
      material and from long-term in vitro cultures of cells derived from Hodgkin's
      disease lesions. Studies on fresh biopsy material have led to suggestions that
      Hodgkin's cells are derived from T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, or
      monocytes/macrophages. However, all these studies are hampered by the low amounts
      of Reed-Sternberg cells in the neoplastic lesions as well as some technical
      difficulties. It has consequently been desirable to establish long-term cell
      cultures of the malignant Hodgkin's cells, and the technical problems as well as
      the experimental outcome of these studies are reviewed. Among the technical, the
      potential and limitations in the use of monoclonal antibodies are described in
      particular. A number of cell lines from Hodgkin's disease lesions have been
      described, but a critical appraisal of these studies reveal that most of the
      published cell lines can be dismissed as being non-representative for Hodgkin's
      and Reed-Sternberg cells; most of the cell lines are thus EBV-transformed
      lymphocytes and in some cases even non-human cell lines. Two cell lines (L428 and
      SU/RH-HD-1), however, seem to be derived from the malignant cell population in
      Hodgkin's disease. The phenotypic analyses of these lines--and in particular the
      SU/RH-HD-1 line--strongly indicate that these cells have monocyte/macrophage
      attributes, and it is concluded that Hodgkin's disease is a neoplasm of cells in
      the monocyte/macrophage lineage.

PMID- 3871434
TI  - Thymic lymphocyte differentiation and thymic leukemogenesis.
AB  - Henry Kaplan helped establish the fields of lymphocyte biology and viral
      leukemogenesis by his early and continuing studies on radiation leukemogenesis.
      As one of Henry's students I carried on these dual preoccupations with thymic
      lymphocytopoiesis and thymic lymphomagenesis. This communication demonstrates
      that thymic lymphocytes are derived from bone marrow precursors which lack any T
      cell markers; these bone marrow cells (or their clonogenic subsets) can give rise
      to either thymic cortical plus medullary progeny, or medullary progeny alone;
      thymic lymphocytes mature in contact with 3-5 classes of nonlymphoid cells
      (thymic nurse cells, cortical dendritic epithelial cells, medullary epithelial
      cells, dendritic reticular cells, and macrophages), and one of these subsets,
      cortical dendritic epithelial cells, express an unusual distribution of MHC
      antigen (perhaps utilized in the maturation of T cell MHC restriction); the
      population of cells which are poised to emigrate from the thymus are a unique
      subset of cortical cells which possess peripheral lymphoid organ homing
      receptors; and the thymic target cells for retrovirus lymphomagenesis express
      highly specific retrovirus receptors that are analogous (and perhaps synonymous)
      with antigen-specific T cell receptors.

PMID- 3871435
TI  - Differential behavior of plasmids containing chromosomal DNA insertions of
      various sizes during transformation and conjugation in Haemophilus influenzae.
AB  - Plasmids with chromosomal insertions were constructed by removal of a 1.1
      kilobase-pair piece from the 9.8-kilobase-pair vector plasmid pDM2 by EcoRI
      digestion and inserting in its place various lengths of chromosomal DNA (1.7,
      3.4, and 9.0 kilobase pairs) coding for resistance to novobiocin. A fourth
      plasmid was constructed by insertion of the largest piece of chromosomal DNA into
      the SmaI site of pDM2. The plasmids without inserts were taken up poorly by
      competent cells and thus were considered not to contain specific DNA uptake
      sites. The presence of even the smallest insert of chromosomal DNA caused a large
      increase in transformation of Rec+ and Rec- strains. The frequency of plasmid
      establishment in Rec+ cells by transformation increased exponentially with
      increasing insert size, but in Rec- cells there was less transformation by the
      larger plasmids. Conjugal transfer of these plasmids was carried out with the 35
      kilobase-pair mobilizing plasmid pHD147. The frequency of establishment of
      plasmids by this method not only was not markedly affected by the presence of the
      insertions, but also decreased somewhat with increase in insert size and was
      independent of rec-1 and rec-2 genes. Recombination between plasmid and
      chromosome was readily detected after transformation, but could not be detected
      after transconjugation even when the recipient cells were Rec+ and made
      competent. These data suggested that there is a special processing of plasmid DNA
      that enters the competent cells in transformation that makes possible
      recombination of homologous regions of the plasmid with the chromosome and
      pairing with the chromosome that aids plasmid establishment.

PMID- 3871436
TI  - Infrared spectra of carbon monoxide complexes of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and
      L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases. Effects of substrates on the CO-stretching
      frequencies.
AB  - Carbonmonoxy indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase from rabbit small intestine exhibited
      two CO stretch bands at 1953 and 1933 cm-1 with half-band widths (delta v 1/2) of
      both approximately 15 cm-1. Upon addition of an excess amount of L-tryptophan,
      the substrate, the spectrum changed into that with an intense single band at 1902
      cm-1 with the delta v 1/2 of 15 cm-1. Carbonmonoxy L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
      of Pseudomonas acidovorans in the absence of L-tryptophan showed a fused CO
      stretch band which consists of two components at 1965 and 1958 cm-1 (delta v 1/2
      for the fused band; 25 cm-1), which was converted into a sharp single band at
      1968 cm-1 (delta v 1/2; 10 cm-1) upon addition of excess L-tryptophan. On the
      other hand, CO complex of rat liver L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in the absence
      of L-tryptophan gave a spectrum with a poorly defined peak around 1961 cm-1. By
      the addition of L-tryptophan, the spectrum changed into that with two distinct
      bands at 1972 and 1920 cm-1 (delta v 1/2; 6 and 13 cm-1, respectively). These
      spectra were insensitive to pH in a range where the enzymes were not denatured
      (neutral to near pH 9). The infrared spectra of the carbonmonoxy enzymes were
      also affected by the addition of certain effectors such as skatole and alpha
      methyl-DL-tryptophan, which facilitate the binding of L-tryptophan to the
      catalytic site of intestinal and Pseudomonas enzymes, respectively. However, the
      changes were of different types from those by the saturating amount of L
      tryptophan. Possible mechanisms for these phenomena are discussed in relation to
      the structure of the heme-CO complex in these heme-containing dioxygenases.

PMID- 3871437
TI  - Purification and properties of the bacteriophage T4 gene 61 RNA priming protein.
AB  - The bacteriophage T4 gene 61 protein is required, together with the gene 41
      protein and single-stranded DNA, for the synthesis of the pentaribonucleotides
      that are used as primers for the start of each new Okazaki DNA fragment during T4
      DNA replication. Using this priming activity as an assay, we have purified the 61
      protein to essential homogeneity in milligram amounts. The priming activity was
      identified with the product of T4 gene 61 by using two-dimensional polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis to compare all of the T4-induced proteins in wild-type and
      mutant infections; the purified protein co-migrates with the only detectable
      protein missing in a 61- mutant infection. The purified 61 protein is shown to
      bind to the T4 helix-destabilizing protein (gene 32 protein) and to both single
      stranded and double-stranded DNA. We have failed to detect any ribonucleotide
      polymerizing activity in either the 61 protein or the 41 protein alone; both the
      61 and 41 proteins must be present to observe any synthesis of
      oligoribonucleotides.

PMID- 3871438
TI  - Diverse mitogenic agents induce rapid phosphorylation of a common set of cellular
      proteins at tyrosine in quiescent mammalian cells.
AB  - Protein phosphorylation of quiescent human skin fibroblasts was analyzed
      following stimulation by epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor,
      platelet-derived growth factor, serum, or 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate.
      In mitogen-treated cells, a markedly increased phosphorylation of two Mr = 43,000
      proteins and two Mr = 41,000 proteins was always detected by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis. More acidic forms were the dominant species and contained
      phosphotyrosine, phosphoserine, and phosphothreonine, while the basic forms
      contained phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine. The two Mr = 41,000 proteins were
      structurally related to each other. All mitogens seemed to stimulate the
      phosphorylation of each protein with the same site specificity. Induction of the
      same set of phosphoproteins was observed in mitogen-stimulated rat and mouse
      fibroblasts as well. These stimulated phosphorylations occurred rapidly, were
      maximal 5 min after exposure of cells to mitogens, and diminished gradually after
      30 min. Mitogen-induced phosphorylation of these proteins was correlated to the
      extent of mitogen-stimulated DNA synthesis. In addition, such increased protein
      phosphorylation was not observed in exponentially growing cells, nor in Rous
      sarcoma virus-transformed rat cells. Thus, phosphorylation of the Mr = 43,000 and
      41,000 proteins, which represents a common and specific response of cells to
      mitogens, could constitute an early event involved in the control of cellular G0-
      --G1 transition.

PMID- 3871439
TI  - An unusually high incidence of homozygous MM in ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - Blood types of patients admitted to the Hadassah University Hospital with
      ankylosing spondylitis did not differ significantly from the expected percentages
      among the Israeli population, except for a very high incidence (92% to 100%) of
      homozygous MM. Among healthy controls the incidence of homozygous MM was found to
      be in line with accepted values.

PMID- 3871440
TI  - The regulation of mononuclear phagocyte entry into S phase by the colony
      stimulating factor CSF-1.
AB  - CSF-1 is a hemopoietic growth factor that specifically regulates the survival,
      proliferation, and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytic cells. Populations
      of adherent bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) devoid of CSF-1 producing cells
      were used to study regulation by CSF-1 of macrophage entry into S phase. More
      than 95% of BMM possess the CSF-1 receptor. It was shown that 93-98% of BMM are
      cycling (S phase 8-9 hr, doubling time 24-28 hr) when cultured in the presence of
      CSF-1. BMM incubated with 15% FCS in the absence of CSF-1 or in the presence of
      CSF-1 concentrations inducing survival without proliferation enter a quiescent
      state. This state is characterized by a reduction in the synthesis of DNA (98%),
      total protein (35%), ribosomal protein (76%), and histone (96%) compared with the
      synthetic rate of these components in exponentially growing cells. Addition of
      CSF-1 to BMM rendered quiescent by removal of CSF-1 stimulated entry into S phase
      with a lag period of approximately 12 h. This lag period is reduced to 8 hr in
      BMM made quiescent at concentrations of CSF-1 inducing survival without
      proliferation, an effect which may be related to the expected higher protein
      content of these cells (Tushinski and Stanley, J. Cell. Physiol., 116:67-75).
      Neutralization of CSF-1 by antibody at different times during the lag period
      indicates that CSF-1 is required for almost the entire lag period for the entry
      of any cells into S phase. In BMM rendered quiescent by removal of both serum and
      CSF-1, purified CSF-1 without serum stimulated entry of cells into S phase,
      whereas serum alone was ineffective. The results are consistent with a primary
      regulatory role of CSF-1 in mononuclear phagocyte proliferation, survival, and
      function.

PMID- 3871441
TI  - Human endothelial cell cultures: phenotypic modulation by leukocyte interleukins.
AB  - We report here that soluble factors from activated mononuclear leukocytes have a
      dramatic effect on cultured endothelial cells. While human umbilical vein
      endothelial cells grown under standard conditions show a polygonal, epithelial
      like morphology, cells exposed to culture media conditioned by lectin-activated
      human mononuclear leukocytes become extremely elongated and/or send out numerous
      cytoplasmic processes, assuming a dendritic configuration. This effect cannot be
      mimicked by exogenous cyclic AMP, is reversible upon interruption of the
      treatment, and appears specific for endothelial cells, since it has not been
      observed so far with other cell types. The shape changes are accompanied by a
      reorganization of the endothelial cell cytoskeleton: actin microfilament bundles
      tend to be disposed in parallel arrays, while intermediate filaments and
      microtubules penetrate up to the extremity of the cytoplasmic processes.
      Colchicine prevents endothelial cell elongation but only slightly impairs the
      formation of lateral cell processes ("dendritic configuration"). Purified
      interleukins were tested for their ability to induce these changes of cell shape.
      Escherichia coli-recombinant human interleukin 2 had no effect, and gamma
      interferon only a slight effect on endothelial cell morphology. Interleukin 1
      induced moderate cell elongation, while combined treatment with both interleukin
      1 and gamma-interferon resulted in shape changes indistinguishable from those
      elicited by supernatants of activated mononuclear leukocytes. The possible
      relevance of the observed endothelial cell changes to the reported angiogenic
      activity of mononuclear cell products is discussed.

PMID- 3871443
TI  - SS-A (Ro) antibody in random mother-infant pairs.
AB  - In a study of the occurrence of detectable antibodies to SS-A and SS-B in 300
      randomly selected mother-infant pairs, three (1%) mother-infant pairs were
      positive for precipitating antibodies to SS-A. No matched pairs were positive for
      SS-B. Review of the clinical history of the mother-infant pairs with SS-A
      antibodies failed to reveal evidence of connective tissue disease or the neonatal
      lupus syndrome. Follow up of two of the three SS-A positive mother-infant pairs
      two months after delivery also showed no evidence of disease. While the SS-A
      antibody may be closely associated with the development of the neonatal lupus
      syndrome, our study does not support the proposed aetiological nature of the
      antibody. Random maternal screening for possible SS-A antibody positivity and
      potential neonatal lupus syndrome does not appear to be warranted.

PMID- 3871442
TI  - Normal values for the different classes of venous blood mononuclear cells defined
      by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - We present the data obtained from routine quantitation of normal venous blood
      mononuclear cells using 19 monoclonal antibodies against defined mononuclear cell
      surface antigens. The results indicate different values for percentage and
      absolute numbers of T lymphocytes and of T lymphocyte subsets depending on the
      monoclonal antibodies used to quantify these populations. In most instances the
      total number of identified cells was significantly less than the total number of
      recovered blood mononuclear cells, which suggests the existence in blood of a
      null cell population. Evidence is advanced to support previous observations that
      at least a proportion of this population is of B cell lineage, expressing
      cytoplasmic immunoglobulin but lacking other class or lineage specific markers.
      The value of a diverse monoclonal panel in routine quantitation of peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells is discussed.

PMID- 3871444
TI  - The morphology of growth cones of regenerating optic nerve axons.
AB  - The morphology of growth cones of regenerating optic nerve axons was examined by
      light and electron microscopy in adult frogs (Rana pipiens), using a horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP) fiber-filling method, during early and later phases of
      regeneration. Optic nerve regeneration was initiated unilaterally by crushing the
      optic nerve in mid-orbit. Fiber filling was accomplished by severing the affected
      nerve closer to the eye 24-48 hrs. prior to sacrifice and applying HRP to the
      central stump. Regenerating axons and their growth cones were observed in the
      optic nerves, chiasma, tract, pretectal neuropil, and optic tectum. Growth cones
      of normal-appearing axons varied in shape and size. Flattened, foliate growth
      cones similar to those commonly described in vitro were observed in the pretectal
      neuropil and optic tectum. Other growth cones having vermiform, lanceolate,
      spatulate, and bulbous forms were observed throughout the optic pathway at all
      stages examined, although the longer (up to 70 micrograms) wormlike structures
      appeared only in the optic tract during the early period of outgrowth. Nearly
      complete serial-section reconstructions were obtained for two growth cones in the
      contralateral optic tectum at 8 wks. regeneration time. One was thinly flattened
      (to 30-50 nm in places) and extended broadly (8 micrograms in diameter) in
      contact with a neuronal perikaryon. The other formed a hood over the blind end of
      a severed, nonregenerating myelinated axon, which was normal-appearing except at
      its end within the confines of the growth cone. Morphological variation among the
      growth cones is discussed in relation to other descriptive in vivo studies and
      views concerning growth cone motility.

PMID- 3871445
TI  - Computer assisted mapping in quantitative analysis of cerebral positron emission
      tomograms.
AB  - For quantitative analysis of CT of the brain, an interactive FORTRAN program was
      developed to provide a time saving mapping procedure with high, largely user
      independent reproducibility and flexible adaptation to individual anatomical
      variations. Program scope and functions are demonstrated, and results obtained in
      a group of seven normal volunteers are presented for positron emission tomography
      using the [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) method. Basically, the procedure
      is designed as a two step process: first, a region raw contour is defined
      geometrically on the basis of local Cartesian or polar coordinates relative to
      the whole brain contour; second, the final region is delimited within the raw
      region, in the FDG images according to relative local tissue activity. Although
      all parameters for mapping a brain slice are stored in a standard parameter file
      ensuring reproducibility and comparability, interactive control of all steps
      permits user-guided corrections whenever necessary. Numerical results closely
      correspond to the data obtained in a previous study of normal subjects with
      individual manual mapping; discrimination between gray and white matter is in
      good agreement with theoretical predictions. The program can be easily adapted to
      other CT techniques.

PMID- 3871446
TI  - SPECT quantification of technetium-99m microspheres within the canine lung.
AB  - Attenuation compensated single photon emission CT (SPECT) count rates of 99mTc
      microsphere activities from 151 selected small regions of interest (ROIs) in an
      intact canine thorax were compared with the count rates obtained from
      scintillation camera images of similar ROIs from frozen slices of the thorax. A
      first-order method was used to compensate the SPECT and scintillation camera
      images for the effect of Compton scattering. The SPECT and scintillation camera
      count rates correlated well: r = 0.95 (RMS error 4.8 counts/s) for 19 X 19 X 13
      mm thick ROIs. We conclude that regional quantification of 99mTc microspheres
      within the dog thorax is possible using camera-based SPECT systems.

PMID- 3871447
TI  - Immunologic and clinical correlates of bronchial challenge responses to Bermuda
      grass pollen extracts.
AB  - We have studied 26 patients with asthma who had positive skin tests for Bermuda
      grass pollen antigen (BGP) with history, immunologic assays, and bronchial
      challenge with BGP. In these patients IgE anti-BGP RAST titers were higher in
      those with positive, 6.8 +/- 4.4% (mean +/- SEM) compared to those with negative
      bronchial challenges, 2.7 +/- 0.4% (p less than 0.02). Historical data did not
      predict bronchial challenge response. IgG4 anti-BGP RAST was not different in
      patients with positive and negative challenges but was markedly increased, 15.3
      +/- 11.9%, in patients who had previously had BGP immunotherapy when compared to
      untreated patients, 3.6 +/- 5.1% (p less than 0.01). IgE anti-Bermuda grass
      appears to be the major contributor to susceptibility to BGP bronchial challenge.
      IgG4 anti-Bermuda grass is apparently unrelated to the sensitivity to challenge
      but appears to be a significant component of the immunologic response to
      immunotherapy.

PMID- 3871448
TI  - Allergenic properties of rat urine and pelt extracts.
AB  - We studied the relative diagnostic efficacy of skin tests and RAST assays in
      laboratory animal allergy in 16 rat-sensitive animal workers with the use of
      epithelial extract and urinary antigens from three inbred rat strains. RAST
      inhibition was used to evaluate possible urinary antigen-strain specificity. The
      urinary antigens were more reliable skin test and RAST reagents than were
      epithelial extracts; data from urinary antigen testing correlated better with
      historical data. RAST inhibition did not detect strain specificity among the
      urinary antigens. Antigens in rat urine appear to be of better diagnostic value
      than do epithelial extracts.

PMID- 3871449
TI  - Physiology of B cells in mice with X-linked immunodeficiency. I. Size, migratory
      properties, and turnover of the B cell pool.
AB  - In terms of certain immune functions and density of surface IgM, B cells from xid
      mice are often viewed as the equivalent of the immature (Lyb-5-) B cell subset of
      normal adult mice. In this paper we examine xid B cells with regard to certain
      physiologic functions, including homing to the lymphoid tissues, recirculation,
      and turnover. Xid mice were found to possess about one-third of the total number
      of B cells found in normal mice. This applied irrespective of whether one
      examined the spleen, lymph nodes, or outputs of B cells in thoracic duct lymph.
      In terms of migration to spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches, capacity to
      recirculate from blood to thoracic duct lymph, and turnover, xid B cells proved
      to be indistinguishable from normal spleen or thoracic duct B cells. Within these
      parameters, most xid B cells closely resemble the normal mature long-lived
      population of B cells residing in the recirculating pool of normal mice. Because
      xid B cells are functionally quite different from normal mature B cells, it seems
      reasonable to view xid B cells as an abnormal population not represented in
      normal mice.

PMID- 3871450
TI  - Chronic progressive polyarthritis and other symptoms of collagen vascular disease
      induced by graft-vs-host reaction.
AB  - The induction of a GVHR in (BALB/c X A)F1 mice by i.v. injection of 80 to 120 X
      10(6) BALB/c spleen cells leads to the development of chronic progressive
      polyarthritis, which shares several of the articular and extra-articular
      manifestations of human rheumatoid arthritis. The development of these lesions
      was found to be mediated by donor T cells and to require the presence of
      histoincompatibility between donor and host. The arthritis, which was mainly
      confined to the interphalangeal joints of the forefeet and hindfeet, was
      histologically characterized by periarticular and synovial lymphoid
      infiltrations, as well as synovial proliferation and pannus formation. Prominent
      juxta-articular lesions included 1) perivascular infiltrates, 2) peritendinitis,
      3) myositis, and 4) inflammatory nodules. In addition, the GVH F1 mice showed
      pathologic symptoms reminiscent of other collagen vascular diseases, including
      the following: 1) a Sjogren-like salivary gland lesion, 2) lesions resembling
      sclerosing cholangitis, 3) scleroderma-like skin lesion, and 4) immune-complex
      glomerulonephritis. In most of the GVH F1 mice, these pathologic changes were
      accompanied by lymphoid stimulation. The spectrum of symptoms induced has many
      similarities to that found in mixed connective tissue disease.

PMID- 3871451
TI  - Studies of in vitro activation and differentiation of human B lymphocytes. I.
      Phenotypic and functional characterization of the B cell population responding to
      anti-Ig antibody.
AB  - Investigation of the activation of splenic B cells by anti-immunoglobulin (Ig)
      antibody has enabled us to characterize the anti-Ig-responsive B cell and to
      analyze the phenotypic changes which accompany proliferation and differentiation.
      The anti-Ig antibody-responsive B cell population was characterized by the
      expression of high levels of the B2 antigen and represented approximately 40% of
      splenic B cells. Brisk mitogenesis which peaked at 3 to 4 days was induced by
      anti-Ig antibody. The proliferative phase was characterized phenotypically by a
      dramatic decline in B2 antigen expression, with most cells showing no detectable
      B2 by 4 days post-activation. The other hallmark of this phase was de novo
      expression of a group of "activation antigens." These included the B cell
      restricted antigens B-LAST 1, BB1, and B5, and the T cell-associated interleukin
      2 receptor and T12 antigens. Concomitantly, B1, B4, and Ia expression increased,
      the increase being roughly proportional to the increase in cell size. After day
      4, the mitogenic response progressively diminished, while Ig synthesis increased.
      During this differentiation phase, cell surface antigens again displayed a
      distinct sequence of changes. The five activation antigens and the B1, B4, and Ia
      antigens began to decrease. However, two markers, T10 and PCA-1, which are found
      on plasmacytomas, appeared and their level of expression steadily increased.
      These changes and the appearance of morphologically identifiable plasma cells
      required the presence of T cells in this system. T cell supernatants alone
      induced Ig secretion but did not induce expression of PCA-1 or the appearance of
      cells with plasma cell morphology. The culture system developed in this study has
      allowed us to analyze the antigenic changes following activation by anti-Ig
      antibody. This sequence of changes has not only permitted the identification of
      antigens which, by their appearance at distinct stages may have an important role
      in proliferation and differentiation of B cells, but also provides us with the
      means of studying the function of each antigen.

PMID- 3871452
TI  - Human B cell development. II. Subpopulations in the human fetus.
AB  - In man, during fetal development the B cell populations show distinct phenotypes
      at different tissue sites. The pre-B and B lymphocytes of the fetal liver and
      bone marrow express IgM and B cell markers, B1 (CD20) and BA-1 (CD24). These
      "early" cells are negative with a number of other reagents, anti-IgD, RFB4
      (CD22), RFB6 (CD21), and RFA-2, which on the other hand recognize peripheral B
      cells. These peripheral B lymphocytes in the developing fetus are heterogeneous.
      The diffusely distributed B cells in the earliest lymph node samples, 16 to 17 wk
      of gestational age, and from 16 to 21 wk in the spleen, are strongly IgM+
      (IgD+,RFB4+,RFB6+, and RFA-2+) but lack T cell-associated markers such as T1
      (CD5, p 67,000 dalton equivalent of murine Ly-1) and Tu-33. In fetal lymph nodes,
      primary nodules develop around the follicular dendritic (FD) cells from 17 wk
      onward, and contain a virtually pure population of B cells;
      B1+,BA1+,RFB4+,RFB6+,RFA-2+, which simultaneously express IgM,IgD together with
      T1 (CD5), a T cell-associated antigen. A sizeable subpopulation of these IgM+,T1+
      cells are also positive for Tu-33, another T cell-associated marker. In the
      spleen, the B cells of the IgM+,IgD+,T1+ type appear in smaller numbers and only
      relatively late around wk 22. These cells are diffusely distributed at first, and
      start accumulating around the small FD cell clusters as soon as these emerge
      about the 23rd gestational wk. At that time, the IgM+,T1+B cells can also be
      washed out from the peritoneal and pleural cavities. The T1+,IgM+B cells may
      represent the normal equivalent cells of B chronic lymphoid leukemia and
      centrocytic lymphoma, and appear to be the counterpart of Ly-1+,IgM+B cells in
      the mouse.

PMID- 3871453
TI  - Interleukin 2 is both necessary and sufficient for the growth and differentiation
      of lectin-stimulated cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors.
AB  - Minimal requirements for the growth and differentiation of lectin-stimulated
      cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL-P) have been investigated. CTL-P from
      murine spleen were purified by staining with monoclonal anti-Lyt-2 antibodies,
      followed by positive selection on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter.
      Microcultures containing 2000 purified Lyt-2+ cells were set up with optimal
      concentrations of lectin (leukoagglutinin or concanavalin A) and pure interleukin
      2 (IL 2) obtained either by immunoaffinity chromatography or recombinant DNA
      technology. Proliferation and generation of CTL activity in lectin-stimulated Lyt
      2+ cells were IL 2 dose-dependent. Furthermore, no increased response was
      observed when crude supernatants containing other putative CTL differentiation
      factors were added, even when IL 2 concentrations were suboptimal. When highly
      purified Lyt-2+ cells contaminated by 1% Lyt-2- cells and less than 0.1%
      macrophages were cultured at limiting dilution, as few as 20 responding cells
      proliferated and differentiated into CTL in the presence of leukoagglutinin and
      pure IL 2; in fact, CTL activity and proliferation were strongly correlated in
      individual microcultures. In addition, 10 to 30% of individual CTL-P were growth
      inducible under these experimental conditions. Together, these data show that the
      proliferation and differentiation of lectin-stimulated CTL-P can occur in pure IL
      2 without any demonstrable requirement for other differentiation factors or
      accessory cells.

PMID- 3871454
TI  - Ontogeny of proliferative and cytotoxic responses to interleukin 2 and
      concanavalin A in murine fetal thymus.
AB  - The ontogeny of proliferative and cytotoxic responses to concanavalin A (Con A)
      and interleukin 2 (IL 2) in C57BL/6J (B6) fetal thymus (FT) was investigated.
      Embryonic thymocytes were either taken from embryos at different times of
      gestation or from 14 day B6 FT that were maintained as organ cultures for various
      times. It was found that the B6 FT could proliferate to Con A and EL4 SN (an IL 2
      containing culture supernatant) in a synergistic fashion. This synergy between
      Con A and EL4 SN was first observed at the 16th to 17th day of gestation. A
      similar differentiation process took place in 14-day FT that had been maintained
      as organ cultures; the synergy between Con A and EL4 SN was first observed after
      3 days in organ culture. This synergy increased with increasing time of organ
      culture, and was most evident after 10 days. The synergy between Con A and EL4 SN
      was also observed when the EL4 SN was replaced with IL 2 which had been purified
      from crude EL4 SN to apparent homogeneity. B6 FT could also form cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes (CTL) on stimulation with Con A and EL4 SN. Con A-activated CTL
      (polyspecific) were detected by including phytohemagglutinin in the assay medium.
      CTL response was first detected in the 17-day fetal thymus by using this assay.
      In organ cultures, CTL responses were first detected after 4 days in organ
      culture, and reached peak levels after 12 to 14 days. The CTL precursor (CTL-P)
      frequencies in the B6 FT after 2, 5, 10, and 14 days in organ culture were less
      than 1/10,000, 1/2232, 1/297, and 1/70, respectively; the corresponding CTL-P
      frequency in adult thymus was 1/60. After 6 days in organ culture, B6 FT could
      also form CTL in response to Con A and pure IL 2. This finding suggests that the
      ability to synthesize other differentiation factors that are required for CTL
      responses is acquired at an early time of thymic differentiation.

PMID- 3871455
TI  - Active suppression of host-vs-graft reaction in pregnant mice. VI. Soluble
      suppressor activity obtained from decidua of allopregnant mice blocks the
      response to IL 2.
AB  - The mammalian fetus expresses a variety of antigens against which the maternal
      immune system can react and which in an allogeneic mating bears paternal
      transplantation antigens. Although these antigens may be expressed on the fetal
      trophoblast cells that contact maternal uterine decidua, the "fetal allograft" is
      not usually rejected. Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of
      nonspecific non-thymus-derived suppressor cells in the lymph nodes draining the
      uterus and in decidua of laboratory mice undergoing first allogeneic pregnancy.
      These suppressor cells appeared to be small lymphocyte cells that inhibit the
      generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro and in vivo and elaborate a
      nonspecific non-MHC-restricted soluble suppressor activity when cultured for 48
      hours at 37 degrees C in vitro. We now report that soluble suppressor activity
      obtained from the decidua (DS) of allopregnant C3H/HeJ mice inhibits both the
      primary and secondary (memory) CTL response in vitro but does not inhibit lysis
      of target cells by preformed CTL. DS did not suppress the proliferation of YAC
      lymphoma cells, P-815 cells, or a C3H placental trophoblastoma line. Suppressor
      activity was obtained from anti-thy-1.2 + complement-resistant cells in the
      decidua, could also be obtained from the decidua of allopregnant CD1 nu/nu mice,
      and was associated with a single peak of activity of approximately 100,000
      daltons on Sephacryl 200 chromatography. Suppression could not be overcome by
      adding either crude or HPLC-purified IL 2 to the mixed lymphocyte cultures in
      vitro, and both crude and column-purified suppressor factor inhibited the IL 2
      dependent proliferation of H-Y cells (a cloned T cell line with NK activity).
      Furthermore, DS inhibited the IL 2-dependent generation of cytotoxic effector
      cells in vitro in the absence of allogeneic stimulator cells. Thus, a soluble
      suppressor factor obtained from non-T cells present in the decidua of
      successfully allopregnant mice could block the response to IL 2 and inhibit the
      generation of both specific and nonspecific cytotoxic effector cells. The
      significance of this inhibition with respect to survival of the "fetal allograft"
      is discussed.

PMID- 3871456
TI  - Interleukin 1 (IL 1)-dependent lymphokine production by human leukemic T cell
      line HSB.2 subclones.
AB  - Cloning of a human T cell leukemic cell line, HSB.2, was performed by a limiting
      dilution method to obtain clones with high levels of IL 2 production. None of the
      subclones that were obtained produced IL 2 constitutively, and only a low level
      of IL 2 was produced by the stimulation of these subclones with
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA) alone. High levels of IL 2 production (greater than 300
      U/ml) were observed in several clones when stimulated with a cocktail of PHA and
      IL 1. Among them, HSB.2-A7-D2, A7-D9, or C5-B2 subclones, which were selected
      after cloning twice, were most effective in IL 1-dependent IL 2 production. HSB.2
      subclones exhibited IL 1-dependent production of a variety of lymphokines other
      than IL 2, e.g., interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), B cell growth factor (BCGF), and
      colony-stimulating factor (CSF). We observed that subclones with high IL 2
      producing capacity tended to produce high levels of IFN-gamma or BCGF as well,
      while the capacity of CSF production was not parallel to these properties.
      Although several subclones were found to produce IFN-gamma and BCGF
      simultaneously with minimal IL 2 activity, no subclones with an exclusive BCGF
      production were obtained. Furthermore, when supernatants from the stimulated A7
      D9 subclone were applied to an Ultro-gel AcA54 gel chromatography, it was
      revealed that IL 2 activity (m.w. 17K to 18K) and IFN-gamma (40K to 45K) were
      clearly separated, whereas two peaks of BCGF activity coincided with each peak of
      IL 2 and IFN-gamma, respectively. On the other hand, CSF activity was eluted at a
      different peak (30K to 35K). These data indicate that IL 2, IFN-gamma, and CSF
      activities are based on distinct molecules, whereas BCGF activities are
      indistinguishable from IL 2 and IFN-gamma. The HSB.2 subclones thus selected will
      provide a useful model for delineating the mechanism of IL 1-dependent
      lymphokine(s) production, and are a promising candidate for better lymphokine(s)
      producers.

PMID- 3871457
TI  - The roles of T cell factors in activation, cell cycle progression, and
      differentiation of human B cells.
AB  - The relationship of the T cell influences involved in human B cell activation and
      differentiation into immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) was investigated. T
      cell supernatants (T supt) generated by stimulating T cells with
      phytohemagglutinin and phorbol myristate acetate contained activities capable of
      augmenting DNA synthesis and the growth of mitogen-stimulated B cells and
      supporting the differentiation of ISC. To examine the role of T supt in B cell
      activation and the progression through the cell cycle, T cell- and monocyte
      depleted B cells were stimulated with formalinized Cowan I strain Staphylococcus
      aureus (SA), and the percentages of cells in G1, S, and G2 + M were determined by
      acridine orange staining and analysis. In all experiments, a similar percentage
      of cells entered G1 during the first 24 to 36 hr of culture when stimulated with
      SA or SA + T supt. Similar results were seen when B cell activation was analyzed
      by acquisition of a number of other markers of cell activation. Analysis of cell
      cycle progression with mithramycin staining of cellular DNA in the presence or
      absence of vinblastine to arrest mitosis indicated that SA-activated B cells were
      able to complete S and divide in the absence of T supt. Although an effect of T
      supt on the progression of B cells through the S phase was evident during the
      first cell cycle, the major effect only became apparent after the first round of
      cell division. Although T supt was not necessary for initial B cell activation, T
      cell influences were absolutely necessary for the differentiation of ISC. T supt
      did not need to be present during the initial 24 to 36 hr of incubation to permit
      subsequent generation of ISC. However, when T supt was present initially, an
      increased number of ISC were produced. Hydroxyurea elimination of cells
      traversing the G1-S interphase indicated that reception of the differentiation
      signal occurred before the S phase, but that the generation of ISC required
      subsequent DNA synthesis and/or cell division. Although precursors of ISC were
      entirely contained within the population triggered to divide by SA alone, there
      was no preferential expansion of such precursors as a result of SA stimulation.
      These results indicate that T cell signals are not absolutely necessary for
      initial B cell activation and progression through the first cell cycle, although
      T cell factors promote DNA synthesis by some activated B cells. In contrast,
      differentiation into ISC is completely dependent on T cell influences.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3871458
TI  - Idiotypic analysis of polyclonal and monoclonal anti-p-azophenylarsonate
      antibodies of BALB/c mice expressing the major cross-reactive idiotype of the A/J
      strain.
AB  - The idiotypic cascade allows the induction of silent idiotypes, and as such, the
      immune system can be reprogrammed towards predetermined goals. To understand the
      genetic origin of silent idiotypes, we have used a system in which detailed
      structural and genetic information is available. The major cross-reactive
      idiotype (CRIA) of A/J mice (positive strain) immunized with arsonate coupled to
      a carrier can be regularly induced in BALB/c mice (negative strain) by anti
      idiotypic treatment with or without subsequent antigen immunization. By using a
      panel of monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies, we have found that the germline
      encoded CRIA displays a mosaic of at least five idiotopes. Polyclonal and
      monoclonal anti-arsonate antibodies prepared from idiotypically manipulated
      BALB/c mice have been studied. Four germline idiotopes are shared between the
      CRIA of the A/J strain and the CRIA-like idiotype induced in BALB/c mice.
      Furthermore, CRIA-like antibodies can appear "spontaneously" in some BALB/c mice
      immunized with antigen only. The data suggest that anti-idiotypic treatment in
      BALB/c mice selects a preexisting subset of antibodies. From the serological
      analysis, it is predicted that CRIA molecules from A/J and CRIA-like molecules
      from BALB/c employ different VH subgroups but share some components of the
      hypervariable regions. These predictions are tested in a forthcoming paper that
      describes the amino acid sequences of BALB/c monoclonal antibodies displaying the
      major cross-reactive idiotype of the A/J strain.

PMID- 3871459
TI  - Jacalin: an IgA-binding lectin.
AB  - We previously reported that seeds of Artocarpus integrifolia (jackfruit) contain
      a lectin, which we call jacalin, that is both a potent T cell mitogen and an
      apparently T cell-independent activator of human B cells for the secretion of
      immunoglobulins. During the above experiments we noted a massive precipitation in
      cell cultures stimulated with greater than or equal to 100 micrograms of lectin.
      In this paper, we show that the precipitate is formed after the interaction of
      jacalin and the serum protein added to the culture medium. More importantly, we
      demonstrate that IgA is probably the major serum constituent precipitated by the
      lectin and that no IgG or IgM can be detected in the precipitates. In secretions
      such as colostrum, IgA is the only protein precipitated by jacalin. On the basis
      of this specificity we describe a simple and reliable affinity chromatography
      procedure for the purification of both human serum and colostrum IgA. Jacalin is
      a D-Gal binding lectin and should be a useful tool for studying of serum and
      secretory IgA.

PMID- 3871460
TI  - Cellular events during radiation-induced thymic leukemogenesis in mice: abnormal
      T cell differentiation in the thymus and defect of thymocyte precursors in the
      bone marrow after split-dose irradiation.
AB  - Cellular events during the development of thymic lymphomas in young B10.BR mice
      given leukemogenic split-dose irradiation were studied by examining the
      differentiation of functional T lymphocyte precursors in the regenerating thymus.
      It was found that leukemogenic radiation treatment resulted in a sustained
      depression of the level of thymic cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp) and of
      mixed lymphocyte reactivity of thymus cells when assessed between 1 and 4 mo
      after irradiation, in spite of the fact that the total number of thymocytes was
      restored to the normal level within 2 mo and continued to increase thereafter. In
      vitro mixing studies of normal thymocytes with thymus cells from split-dose
      irradiated mice provided no evidence for active suppression as a mechanism for
      this depressed activity. The ability of bone marrow cells from split-dose
      irradiated mice to regenerate the thymus and to differentiate into functional
      CTLp was examined by use of supralethally irradiated Thy-1 congenic recipients.
      Reconstitution of supralethally irradiated B10.BR Thy-1.2 mice with normal bone
      marrow from B10.BR Thy-1.1 mice resulted in the complete repopulation of host
      thymus with donor-derived cells when assessed at 4 wk after reconstitution.
      Lymphocytes from the regenerating thymus of these animals were shown to contain
      high levels of CTLp which were donor-derived. On the other hand, when the
      recipient mice were reconstituted with bone marrow cells from donor mice which
      had been split-dose irradiated 1 mo earlier, regeneration of the recipient thymus
      was severely depressed when assessed at 4 wk to 3 mo after reconstitution.
      Although variable but small numbers of donor-derived Thy-1+ cells were detected,
      CTL activity for alloantigen could not be induced in these donor-derived cells.
      The results suggest that T cell precursors derived from split-dose irradiated
      donor mice were unable to undergo active proliferation and differentiation into
      functional CTLp. The significance of these findings on radiation-induced thymic
      leukemogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 3871461
TI  - Mouse serum as a medium supplement for murine immune responses in vitro.
AB  - In vitro generation of secondary anti-viral H-2 restricted cytotoxic T cells (Tc
      cells) alloreactive Tc cells, alloantigen-induced T cell proliferation, bacterial
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced B cell proliferation and anti-dinitrophenyl IgM
      and IgG antibody responses were used to evaluate pools of mouse sera (MS) and
      other animal sera as medium supplements by comparison with 5-10% fetal calf serum
      (FCS). Some batches of normal MS were comparable with FCS while others inhibited
      Tc cell responses when used at 1%, particularly with limiting stimulator cell
      numbers. In contrast, 2 pools of nude mouse sera and several pools of MS from
      thioglycollate-injected mice (TMS) used at 1% were consistently comparable with
      FCS at 5-10% in terms of in vitro generation of effector Tc cells and antibody
      secreting B cells. TMS at 1% was satisfactory for Tc cell responses either fresh,
      after heat inactivation at 56 degrees C for 30 min, or after storage for 6 months
      at -70 degrees C. 0.5% or 2% heat-inactivated rat and rabbit sera (but not guinea
      pig sera) were also satisfactory for Tc cell generation. Total thymidine
      incorporation into proliferating B or T cells was 5-15-fold lower in cultures
      with 1% normal MS, nude MS or TMS than with 5% FCS, but stimulation indices with
      1% nude MS and TMS were similar to those with 5% FCS, whereas 1% normal MS
      apparently completely inhibited stimulation. One percent syngeneic TMS is a
      convenient, reliable alternative to 5-10% FCS in culture medium, supporting all
      the murine responses listed above.

PMID- 3871462
TI  - A sensitive and quantitative microassay for the detection of mycoplasma
      contamination: inhibition of IL-2 dependent cell line proliferation.
AB  - A simple, rapid and sensitive microassay for mycoplasma detection in cell culture
      is reported. The assay is based on the fact that culture supernatants from
      contaminated cells inhibit [3H]thymidine incorporation by an IL-2 dependent mouse
      cytotoxic T cell line (CTLL). The mechanism of inhibition is related to the
      production by several mycoplasma strains of a pyrimidine-specific nucleoside
      phosphorylase which can degrade the radiolabelled thymidine used for the
      measurement of DNA synthesis. These strains were the commonest contaminants in
      cultures of 24 cell lines from 5 different sources. To establish the sensitivity
      of the test to detect mycoplasmas we have also used the inhibition assay to
      monitor the clearance of mycoplasma from 2 contaminated cell lines.

PMID- 3871463
TI  - Significance and character of SS-A(Ro) and SS-B(La) antigens.

PMID- 3871464
TI  - Modification of otitis media in chinchillas rechallenged with nontypable
      Haemophilus influenzae and serological response to outer membrane antigens.
AB  - Otitis media was produced in chinchillas by right-sided intrabullar inoculation
      with nontypable Haemophilus influenzae, and susceptibility to reinfection was
      investigated. After resolution of initial right-sided infection, animals
      underwent ipsilateral or contralateral intrabullar rechallenge with the same
      strain. After ipsilateral rechallenge right ears were completely protected
      against reinfection; previously uninfected left ears were similarly protected on
      contralateral rechallenge. Previously infected ears remained fully susceptible to
      infection with a heterologous strain of nontypable H. influenzae. Using an enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay, we measured the serological response to outer
      membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide antigens during initial infection. A
      greater than or equal to 10-fold rise in titer of antibody to homologous outer
      membrane proteins was observed in all 11 animals tested. Most animals exhibited a
      minimal serological response to lipopolysaccharide. Thus experimental otitis
      media due to nontypable H. influenzae induces strain-specific protective immunity
      and a concomitant serological response to outer membrane proteins.

PMID- 3871465
TI  - Ancrod: normalization of fibrinolytic enzyme abnormalities in patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis.
AB  - Ancrod is a thrombinlike enzyme from Malayan pit viper (Agkistrodon rhodostoma)
      venom that has a selective enzyme substrate specificity for fibrinogen. Unlike
      thrombin, it splits only fibrinopeptide A from the fibrinogen molecule and does
      not activate factor XIII. Simultaneously with the occurrence of
      hypofibrinogenemia there is a reduction of plasma plasminogen and a rise in
      fibrin degradation products, suggesting secondary recruitment of the fibrinolytic
      enzyme system. Ancrod was given to 18 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
      and glomerular and vascular microthrombi. Before treatment vascular plasminogen
      activator (VPA) was low or unmeasurable in 14, an inhibitor of urokinase-induced
      plasminogen activation (IPA) was elevated in 18, and an inhibitor of plasmin (PI)
      was elevated in five. Ancrod treatment resulted in prompt normalization of IPA
      levels in 13 patients; they were classified as fibrinolysis responders. In five
      patients IPA levels remained elevated throughout treatment with ancrod; they were
      classified as fibrinolysis nonresponders. In these five the PI level was elevated
      before treatment and decreased slowly toward the normal range during ancrod
      administration. The PI did not appear related to the nonspecific serine protease
      inhibitors, and was shown to be identical with alpha 2-antiplasmin. In the
      fibrinolysis responders serial histologic studies showed a striking decrease of
      disappearance of microvascular thrombosis; in the fibrinolysis nonresponders
      microvascular thrombosis persisted. The action of ancrod is discussed.

PMID- 3871466
TI  - Usher's syndrome type III: ENG findings in four affected and six unaffected
      siblings.
AB  - ENG recordings showed abnormal findings in subjects affected by Usher's syndrome
      and in unaffected siblings. Unaffected subjects with hearing impairment may be
      heterozygote carriers with inner ears more sensitive to various injurious
      stimuli, e.g. noise, than those of healthy subjects. Vestibular tests may
      facilitate the detection of heterozygote carriers but the number of patients
      studied by us is too small to allow definitive conclusions to be reached.

PMID- 3871467
TI  - Static postural stability is normal in dyslexic children.

PMID- 3871468
TI  - Reduction of serum Interleukin-1-like activity after treatment with
      dexamethasone.
AB  - The ability of steroids to modulate the appearance of Interleukin-1(IL-1) in vivo
      was evaluated in a model of endotoxin shock. High levels of IL-1 were found in
      serum from A/J mice which were sensitized with P. acnes and challenged with
      bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The factor appeared in the serum 2-4 hours
      after LPS challenge and was dependent on the period of P. acnes sensitization and
      the dose of LPS. Treating the mice with dexamethasone prior to LPS challenge
      resulted in significantly lower thymocyte proliferative activity in the serum.
      Three experiments demonstrated that this reduced activity reflects a decrease in
      IL-1. 1) The reduced activity was not due to the presence of proliferation
      inhibitors since mixing the serum from dexamethasone-treated mice with purified
      IL-1 or adding the equivalent amount of steroid directly to thymocyte cultures
      did not reduce the degree of proliferation. 2) When the serum was fractionated by
      gel filtration, the proliferative activity for both control and steroid treated
      sera eluted at 10-16 kilodaltons; however, the activity was nearly 50% less in
      the sample from steroid-treated mice. 3) In addition to thymocyte proliferative
      activity, IL-1 induces an increase in the serum titer of the acute phase protein
      known as serum amyloid A. Both serum- and gel-purified samples were able to
      induce the SAA, but again the samples from steroid-treated mice were much less
      active. We conclude that the factor produced in vivo has the properties of IL-1
      and that the serum titre of the factor is reduced by dexamethasone treatment.

PMID- 3871470
TI  - Bacterial tracheitis and the child with inspiratory stridor.

PMID- 3871469
TI  - Organ-specific autoimmune diseases induced in mice by elimination of T cell
      subset. I. Evidence for the active participation of T cells in natural self
      tolerance; deficit of a T cell subset as a possible cause of autoimmune disease.
AB  - Organ-specific autoimmune diseases such as oophoritis, gastritis, thyroiditis,
      and orchitis were induced in female or male nude (nu/nu) mice by the transfer of
      nu/+spleen cells from which particular Lyt T cell subset(s) had been removed:
      nu/+spleen cells treated with anti-Lyt-1 plus complement (C) caused disease in
      recipient nude mice; anti-Lyt-2 plus C-treated spleen cells, in contrast, did
      not. The cells responsible for disease induction are believed to be Thy-1+, Lyt-1
      , 2,3- (Thy-1, Lyt-1, 2,3), since spleen cells treated with mixed antisera,
      including anti-Lyt-1 and anti-Lyt-2, plus C, could induce the disease with almost
      the same incidence as anti-Lyt-1 plus C-treated cells (oophoritis 50%, gastritis
      25%, thyroiditis 10-20%, and orchitis 40%). Cells treated with mixed antisera of
      anti-Thy-1, anti-Lyt-1, and anti-Lyt-2, plus C, could not induce autoimmune
      disease. Each induced autoimmune disease could be adoptively transferred to other
      nude mice via spleen cells, with resulting histological lesion of corresponding
      organs and development of specific circulating autoantibodies. Since anti-Thy-1
      plus C treatment of donor spleen cells abrogated the capacity to transfer the
      disease, we conclude that T cells are required as effector cells, and that these
      may develop from Lyt-1-, 2,3- cells. Lyt-1+, 2,3- cells were demonstrated to have
      suppressive activity upon the development of the diseases; induction of
      autoimmunity was completely inhibited by the cotransfer of Lyt-1+, 2,3- cells
      with Lyt-1-, 2,3- cells. When anti-Lyt-2 plus C-treated cells (i.e., Lyt-1+, 2,3-
      and Lyt-1-, 2,3- cells) were mixed with anti-Lyt-1 and anti-Lyt-2 plus C-treated
      cells (i.e., Lyt-1-, 2,3- cells) in various ratios, then transferred to nude
      mice, the development of each autoimmune disease was clearly inhibited, even by
      small doses of Lyt-1+, 2,3- cells. The autoimmune disease we were able to induce
      was quite similar to human organ-specific autoimmune disease in terms of the
      spectrum of organs involved, histopathological features, and the development of
      autoantibodies to corresponding organ components (oocytes, parietal cells,
      thyroid colloid, including thyroglobulin, and sperm).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3871471
TI  - Frog rod outer segments with attached inner segment ellipsoids as an in vitro
      model for photoreceptors on the retina.
AB  - Purified suspensions of frog rod outer segments still attached to the
      mitochondria-rich inner segment portion of the receptor cell (OS-IS) can be
      obtained in quantities (0.1 mg/retina) sufficient for chemical analysis. In
      oxygenated glucose-bicarbonate Ringer's medium with added Percoll, they display
      normal dark currents, light sensitivity, and photocurrent kinetics for several
      hours. Two millimolar cytoplasmic levels of ATP and GTP are maintained, fivefold
      higher than in isolated OS. The levels are not altered by abolition of the dark
      current with ouabain. Nucleoside triphosphates are more effectively buffered than
      in isolated OS, and their levels remain constant during changes in external
      calcium levels. 32Pi is incorporated into endogenous ATP and GTP pools twice as
      efficiently as in isolated OS, and is used in the phosphorylation of rhodopsin.
      OS-IS take up and release 45Ca++ by Na+-, Ca++-, and IBMX-sensitive mechanisms.
      Illumination causes release of 45Ca++, which confirms retinal studies by other
      groups using Ca++-sensitive electrodes. Thus, OS-IS suspensions model the
      behavior of photoreceptors still attached to the living retina. Their
      availability permits the simultaneous assay and correlation of
      electrophysiological and chemical changes occurring during excitation and
      adaptation.

PMID- 3871472
TI  - Proliferation and differentiation requirements for the induction of two
      retroviral loci during B-cell activation.
AB  - Mitogen treatment of murine (BALB/c) B-cells induces two different endogenous
      retroviruses involving two unlinked, presumably proviral, loci Bxv-1 and Bdv-1.
      To determine the usefulness of these loci as genetic markers for B-cell
      differentiation their expression was studied under conditions that interfered
      with B-cell proliferation and differentiation into IgM-secreting plaque-forming
      cells (p.f.c.). Maximum production of both viruses followed peak DNA synthesis by
      an interval of about 18 h. Treatments that blocked DNA synthesis or killed
      proliferating cells inhibited virus production. Addition of BUdR to mitogen
      stimulated cultures selectively induced Bxv-1 while inhibiting the generation of
      p.f.c. Both effects require BUdR incorporation into the DNA of proliferating
      cells. 5-Azacytidine induced Bxv-1-dependent virus production without inhibiting
      terminal B-cell differentiation. Pretreatment of mitogen-stimulated B-cells with
      anti-mouse IgM serum decreased both virus production and generation of p.f.c.,
      but had little effect on DNA synthesis. Experiments using a mitogenic F(ab')2
      preparation of anti-IgM in the presence and absence of lymphokines also suggested
      that the generation of p.f.c. and Bxv-1-dependent virus production are linked
      phenomena. The data imply that Bxv-1- and Bdv-1-dependent virus production
      require DNA synthesis and cell proliferation and, at least for Bxv-1, B-cell
      differentiation. It is proposed that the induction of these loci reflects the
      involvement of neighbouring DNA sequences in B-cell proliferation or
      differentiation.

PMID- 3871473
TI  - Local and peripheral cell-mediated immune response to influenza virus in mice.
AB  - Presentation of different influenza virus antigens generates different immune
      responses. Intranasal immunization with either live (VA) or formalin-inactivated
      (VF) A/PR/8/34 (HON1) influenza virus induced local as well as peripheral cell
      mediated immune response (CMI), as evidenced by elevation in 3H-thymidine
      incorporation. Cell-mediated immune response was detected as soon as 24-48 hr
      following the application of VA and 4-5 days following VF. Cell-mediated immune
      response in both instances peaked on the 12th day and disappeared between 16 and
      20 days after application. Local CMI response was threefold higher after
      immunization with VA (SI = 28.6) than with VF (SI = 9.4), while VF induced higher
      peripheral response (32.0 vs 17.7). The mononuclear cell population in the lungs
      increased, correlating with a rise in the stimulation index (SI). The percentage
      of IgA surface-bearing B lymphocytes was significantly higher following IN
      administration of VA, but not following VF instillation. This corroborated the
      finding that VF failed to induce local antibody response in the lungs in spite of
      its capacity to stimulate humoral antibody and CMI responses. Mice immunized
      intramuscularly with both viral preparations developed a fair humoral antibody
      response without detectable CMI (peripheral or local).

PMID- 3871474
TI  - Inhibition of primate spinothalamic tract cells by TENS.
AB  - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) was applied in an experimental
      animal model to investigate the underlying mechanisms of this treatment.
      Recordings were made from identified spinothalamic tract (STT) neurons in the
      lumbosacral spinal cords of seven anesthetized monkeys. The STT cells were
      activated by stimulating the common peroneal nerve at a suprathreshold intensity
      for C-fibers. Evoked responses of C-fibers were compared before, during, and
      after application of TENS for 5 minutes from a commercially available TENS unit.
      The current delivered by the TENS unit was monitored. In 14 STT cells, some
      degree of inhibition of C-fiber evoked responses occurred only when the intensity
      of TENS exceeded the threshold of A delta fibers. At a given stimulus intensity,
      bursts of pulses repeated at a low rate were more effective than high-rate
      pulses. When TENS was applied to an area of the skin within a cell's receptive
      field, it was more effective than when it was applied outside the receptive
      field. The C-fiber volley recorded from a peripheral nerve was not reduced in
      size, and there were no substantial changes in its latency due to TENS. The
      inhibition of the activity of STT cells was not altered appreciably after
      intravenous injection of naloxone hydrochloride. These results suggest that TENS
      produces central nervous system inhibition by activating A delta afferent fibers.
      The inhibitory effects of TENS on STT cells appear to be due to a mechanism that
      does not involve release of endogenous opioid substances.

PMID- 3871475
TI  - Gallium-68 1,1,1-tris (5-methoxysalicylaldiminomethyl) ethane: a potential tracer
      for evaluation of regional myocardial blood flow.
AB  - Reaction of tris(acetylacetonato)gallium(III) with 1,1,1-tris(5
      methoxysalicladiminomethyl)ethane, H3[(5-MeOsal)3 TAME], affords a neutral six
      coordinate complex, Ga[5-MeOsal)3 TAME], for which the x-ray crystal structure is
      reported. The 67Ga and 68Ga complexes of H3[(5-MeOsal)3 TAME] and the
      bis(salicylaldimine) of triethylenetetramine were prepared and characterized by
      paper chromatography and electrophoresis. The biodistribution of lipophilic
      68Ga[(5-MeOsal)3 TAME] was determined following intravenous injection in rats.
      Myocardial images obtained by positron emission tomography from three dogs
      injected with 68Ga[(5-MeOsal)3 TAME] show a correlation between 68Ga uptake and
      regional myocardial blood flow. Single-pass coronary extraction studies in open
      chest dogs indicate that 68Ga[(5-MeOsal)3 TAME] behaves neither as a freely
      diffusible tracer nor as a microsphere analog.

PMID- 3871476
TI  - Immature sinus histiocytes in the lymphadenopathic stage of AIDS: relationship to
      polyclonal B-cell activation?

PMID- 3871477
TI  - Safety and immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b-polysaccharide
      diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine in infants 9 to 15 months of age.
AB  - Sixty 9- to 15-month-old infants were randomly assigned to receive two doses, 1
      month apart, of a Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide
      diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (PRP-D) or PRP vaccine, each containing 20
      micrograms PRP. There were no significant local or systemic reactions. After one
      dose of PRP-D, 93% of the subjects attained levels of greater than or equal to
      0.15 microgram/ml and 59% achieved greater than or equal to 1 microgram/ml
      antibody protein. These percentages rose to 100% and 86%, respectively, after the
      second dose, at which time the geometric mean titer of anti-PRP antibody was 4.8
      micrograms/ml. IgG anti-PRP levels were 4.3 times higher than IgM. The proportion
      of IgG to IgM antibody induced by PRP-D increased with age. After two doses, 33%
      of the PRP recipients responded with a level of greater than or equal to 0.15
      microgram/ml and only 19% responded to a level of greater than or equal to 1.0
      microgram/ml. One year later, all of the PRP-D recipients tested still had
      greater than or equal to 0.15 microgram/ml and more than half had greater than or
      equal to 1.0 microgram/ml antibody protein.

PMID- 3871478
TI  - Risk factors for primary invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease: increased risk
      from day care attendance and school-aged household members.
AB  - From November 1, 1981, through April 30, 1982, we performed a case-control study
      of primary invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections in children in Colorado.
      Information was collected for 121 (83%) of 146 children with positive cultures
      and for 196 (67%) of 292 age-matched controls selected at random from birth
      certificates. Infected children were more likely to have attended a day care
      center or nursery (DCC/N) and to have an elementary school-aged household member.
      For attendance at DCC/N, the relative risk was significantly increased only for
      children 12 months of age or older, and increased with the size of the DCC/N.
      After controlling for DCC/N attendance and school-aged siblings, children younger
      than 6 months of age with infection were significantly less likely to have been
      breast-fed, suggesting a protective effect of breast-feeding. We identified DCC/N
      attendees, especially those older than 1 year of age, to be at increased risk of
      primary H. influenzae disease. They could benefit from immunization.

PMID- 3871479
TI  - Fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin and infant feeding.
AB  - Stool samples from 232 infants aged 7 days to 18 months were analyzed for alpha 1
      antitrypsin and for occult blood by two techniques. Among the 450 stool samples,
      no correlation between positive tests for occult blood and the concentration of
      alpha 1-antitrypsin was found. The alpha 1-antitrypsin concentration in the stool
      decreased after the age of 6 months in both breast-fed (P less than 0.05) and
      formula-fed (P less than 0.001) groups. In the 7- to 30-day-old infants, breast
      feeding was associated with both lower fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin (P less than
      0.001) and less frequent positive tests for occult blood (P less than 0.02) than
      found in the formula-fed infants. Between 6 and 12 months of age, alpha 1
      antitrypsin was lower in cow milk-fed infants than in those receiving either
      breast-feeding supplemented with formula (P less than 0.01) or soy formula (P
      less than 0.05). Age and feeding differences in the concentration of alpha 1
      antitrypsin in the stool may reflect subtle changes in gastrointestinal tract
      function in infancy.

PMID- 3871480
TI  - Kinetics of drug action in disease states. IV. Effect of pregnancy on
      phenobarbital concentrations at onset of loss of righting reflex in rats.
AB  - This investigation was designed to determine if the acute hypnotic activity of a
      barbiturate is altered by advanced pregnancy. Twenty-day-pregnant rats and
      nonpregnant rats of the same age received an i.v. infusion of phenobarbital,
      0.824 mg/min/rat, until they lost their righting reflex. The concentrations of
      total and free phenobarbital in serum at that time were significantly lower in
      pregnant than in nonpregnant animals. However, pregnancy had no effect on the
      concentrations of phenobarbital in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid at onset of
      loss of righting reflex. The difference of the serum phenobarbital concentrations
      was due to the slower rate of phenobarbital infusion received by the pregnant
      rats when normalized for body weight. The lack of difference of phenobarbital
      concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid, a site that reflects the concentration of
      the free drug at the sites of action, indicates that advanced pregnancy has no
      apparent effect on the central nervous system response to phenobarbital.

PMID- 3871481
TI  - Kinetics of drug action in disease states. VI. Effect of experimental diabetes on
      phenobarbital concentrations in rats at onset of loss of righting reflex.
AB  - To investigate the effect of diabetes on the sensitivity of the central nervous
      system to the hypnotic action of a barbiturate, studies were conducted on adult
      female Lewis rats made diabetic by injection of either streptozotocin or alloxan.
      The animals then received a slow i.v. infusion of phenobarbital (PB) until the
      onset of a defined pharmacologic effect [loss of righting reflex (LRR)] and the
      PB concentrations at that time in serum (total and unbound drug), brain and
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined. In the experiments on rats with
      streptozotocin-induced diabetes, animals not treated with insulin had
      significantly lower serum concentrations of total PB at onset of LRR than did
      animals treated with insulin and nondiabetic control rats. Otherwise, there were
      no significant differences in PB concentrations between untreated diabetic and
      control animals. Additional experiments on untreated diabetic rats showed that,
      as in normal rats, the PB concentrations in CSF (but not in serum and brain) at
      onset of LRR were independent of PB infusion rate over a 10-fold range,
      indicating that PB equilibrates very rapidly between CSF and receptor sites.
      Experiments in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes showed no significant
      differences between untreated diabetic, insulin-treated diabetic, alloxan
      nonresponding and nondiabetic control rats with respect to PB concentrations at
      onset of LRR in serum (total and unbound drug), brain and CSF and in serum
      protein binding. These results show that the central nervous system response to
      the hypnotic effect of PB is not significantly affected in two different
      experimental models of diabetes.

PMID- 3871482
TI  - Management of tinnitus: discussion paper.

PMID- 3871483
TI  - Isotype profiles of anti-influenza antibodies in mice bearing the xid defect.
AB  - The humoral response to influenza A/PR8 virus was examined in the CBA/N and
      C3J.xid strains of mice, both of which bear an X-linked genetic defect (xid), and
      in strains lacking this defect. Hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titers and
      measurement of virus-specific antibodies by solid-phase radioimmunoassay
      indicated that the xid defect does not impair the production of an adequate anti
      influenza antibody response. However, investigation of the isotypes of PR8 virus
      specific antibodies disclosed a relative decrease in the levels of IgG3 and IgG1
      in the xid-bearing strains. This was observed after both intraperitoneal
      immunization and aerosol infection. The isotype differences were not reflected in
      the susceptibility of these strains to influenza virus infection.

PMID- 3871485
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma for the nononcologist.

PMID- 3871486
TI  - PET scans 'relate clinical picture to more specific nerve function'.

PMID- 3871484
TI  - Sensitization of mice with wild-type and cold-adapted influenza virus variants:
      immune response to two H1N1 and H3N2 viruses.
AB  - Two A strain influenza viruses, A/Hong Kong/123/77 (A/HK/123/77) (H1N1) and
      A/Queensland/6/72 (A/Qld/6/72) (H3N2), and the two cold-adapted reassortants
      which possess the surface antigens of these strains (CR35 and CR6, respectively)
      were tested for their ability both to induce primary cytotoxic T-cell (Tc cell)
      responses in mice and to sensitize mice for a second Tc cell response when
      challenged with a distantly related A strain virus, A/Shearwater/72 (H6N5). After
      intranasal inoculation, A/Qld/6/72 replicated to higher titers in the lung (1 to
      2 log10 50% egg infective doses) than did A/HK/123/77 or either of the
      reassortants. A/Qld/6/72 induced higher Tc cell responses in the lung than did
      CR6, and both were more effective than either A/HK/123/77 or CR35 in this
      respect. When similar doses (10 or 10(3) hemagglutinin units) of each virus were
      injected intravenously into mice and the spleens were tested for Tc cell activity
      6 days later, both A/Qld/6/72 and CR6 were ca. 100-fold better at inducing a
      primary Tc cell response than A/HK/123/77 or CR35. In contrast, the H1N1 and H3N2
      viruses gave rather similar anti-hemagglutinin antibody titers (after intravenous
      injection) and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions (after subcutaneous
      injection). If mice were primed with a low dose of these viruses (10(4) 50% egg
      infective doses intranasally), A/Qld/6/72 and CR6 were more effective than
      A/HK/123/77 or CR35 at sensitizing for a secondary Tc cell response when
      challenged with A/Shearwater/72, but if larger doses were given either
      intranasally (10(6) 50% egg infective doses) or intravenously (10 to 10(3)
      hemagglutinin units), all viruses sensitized the mice equally well, despite the
      fact the A/Shearwater/72 gives a poor primary Tc cell response in mice. Thus, the
      viral glycoprotein antigens can be important in determining the immunogenicity of
      the virus and, particularly, the class I antigen-restricted Tc cell response of
      the host.

PMID- 3871487
TI  - Pneumocystis pneumonia: response to corticosteroids.

PMID- 3871488
TI  - The impact of a quality assurance program on postgraduate training in internal
      medicine.
AB  - The development of a quality assurance program as part of residency training in
      internal medicine is described. In addition to ensuring quality, the program
      allows both the faculty and the resident to assess individual performance more
      precisely than previously possible. The residents become increasingly thorough
      and improve problem-solving skills over the three-year program. They are provided
      the tools to manage quality in their own practice.

PMID- 3871489
TI  - FDA soon to license H influenzae vaccine.

PMID- 3871490
TI  - Successful treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole in hypersensitive AIDS patients.

PMID- 3871491
TI  - Proliferation of infected lymphoid precursors before Moloney murine leukemia
      virus-induced T-cell lymphoma.
AB  - NFS/N mice inoculated with Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) developed T
      cell lymphoma after a 10-week latent period. Expression of lymphoid
      differentiation antigens, appearance of M-MuLV-encoded cell surface antigens, and
      rates of cellular proliferation were measured in splenic and bone marrow
      subpopulations during this latent period. At 2 weeks of age, Thy-1-and surface
      immunoglobulin-negative null cells of spleen and bone marrow expressed M-MuLV
      antigens whereas T- and B-lymphocytes did not. During the 3d and 4th weeks, the
      number of splenic null cells increased to six times the number found in
      uninfected controls. These null cells included the precursors of lymphocytes and
      hematopoietic cells. For the remainder of the latent period, the percentage of
      null cells undergoing proliferation was three times greater in the infected mice,
      while the total number of null cells remained constant. This proliferation was
      not accompanied by terminal differentiation or emigration of mature cell types
      from the spleen. Proliferation was substantially delayed in CBA mice, which are
      resistant to lymphoma induction.

PMID- 3871492
TI  - Induction of pancreatic carcinomas in rats with N-nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl)(2
      oxopropyl)amine: histopathology.
AB  - The carcinogenicity of N-nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine (HPOP) for
      rat pancreas was evaluated. Two-week-old male LEW rats were given a single ip
      injection of HPOP, 160 mg/kg body weight; the rats were autopsied 4, 6, or 12
      months later. Histologic examination showed that the pancreata contained multiple
      foci of atypical acinar cells and nodules of atypical acinar cells (AACN), acinar
      cell adenomas, localized carcinomas, and carcinomas. The incidence of carcinomas
      was 77%. The carcinomas were composed of poorly differentiated acinar cells and
      ductlike structures. Pancreatic ducts were unaffected. The prominence of AACN,
      the histologic type of the neoplasms, and the absence of hyperplastic changes in
      ductal epithelium suggest that the pancreatic carcinomas were derived from acinar
      cells. The incidence of liver cell carcinomas and pulmonary adenomas was similar
      to that of localized pancreatic carcinomas. Neoplasms of other organs were less
      frequent. HPOP has been shown to induce pancreatic carcinomas in hamsters but has
      not previously been reported to be a pancreatic carcinogen in rats.

PMID- 3871493
TI  - Enhancement of pancreatic carcinogenesis by a dietary unsaturated fat in rats
      treated with saline or N-nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine.
AB  - The effect of diets high in an unsaturated fat on the enhancement of pancreatic
      carcinogenesis in saline-treated rats and in rats treated with N-nitroso(2
      hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine (HPOP) was examined. Young male LEW rats were
      treated with a single dose of HPOP (160 mg/kg body wt) or saline, fed diets
      containing 5 or 20% corn oil, and then autopsied 12 months later. The pancreata
      of HPOP-treated rats fed the diet with 5% fat contained multiple foci and nodules
      of atypical acinar cells (AACN), acinar cell adenomas, and localized carcinomas.
      Rats fed the diet with 20% fat developed a similar spectrum of pancreatic lesions
      and also developed carcinomas that showed local invasion or metastasis to
      regional lymph nodes. The incidence and multiplicity of localized carcinomas was
      significantly higher in the group that was fed the high-fat diet. HPOP also
      induced neoplasms in the liver, lungs, and kidneys, but none of these had a
      higher incidence in the group fed the high-fat diet. Among rats that received no
      carcinogen, the incidence of AACN was high, but the multiplicity of these lesions
      was low, an average of three per pancreas in groups fed both levels of fat;
      however, the average area of AACN transections was larger in the high-fat diet
      group. One acinar cell adenoma and 1 carcinoma developed in the group of 11 rats
      fed the 20% corn oil diet, whereas no neoplasms developed in the group of 12 rats
      fed the 5% corn oil diet. Although the incidence of pancreatic neoplasms is not
      significantly different in these 2 groups, the data are consistent with the
      hypothesis that initiated foci are promoted to grow and become neoplasms in the
      pancreas of rats that are fed diets with a high content of unsaturated fat--as
      was demonstrated in the HPOP-treated rats.

PMID- 3871494
TI  - Safety of combined coronary artery bypass surgery.

PMID- 3871495
TI  - Acute endogenous endophthalmitis after splenectomy.

PMID- 3871496
TI  - Relationship between lymphocytic cytotoxicity and phytohemagglutinin-induced
      lymphoblastogenesis before and after surgical tumor excision: an experimental
      study.
AB  - Experimental study was performed on changes in lymphocytic cytotoxicity and
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-lymphoblastogenesis after surgical tumor excision and on
      a possibility of estimating antitumor immunocompetence based on the latter
      parameter, using 3-methyl-cholanthrene-induced mammary cancer, MRMT-1, of SD
      rats. When the tumor was excised at 2 weeks after inoculation, cytotoxicity
      showed, after a transient rise, a marked reduction at 4 weeks postoperatively in
      the cases of postoperative negative metastasis, while it showed a high peak at 3
      weeks postoperatively, followed by a sharp descent, in the cases of postoperative
      positive metastasis. On the other hand, PHA-lymphoblastogenesis was found to
      recover a relatively high level postoperatively, in the cases of both negative
      and positive metastases. It appears to be difficult to estimate specific
      cytotoxicity from PHA-blastogenesis, but both are useful, in complementary
      fashion, to estimate the antitumor immunocompetence.

PMID- 3871497
TI  - Ear-eye reflexes while riding in a car.
AB  - Persons with diminished or absent vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VORs) are thought to
      have difficulty with ocular stabilization during sufficiently rapid head
      movements. This suggests the hypothesis that labyrinthine defective individuals
      might have impaired visual abilities when in a moving motor vehicle. Ten licensed
      drivers likely to have abnormal VORs were recruited to assess this possibility.
      Their labyrinthine function was indexed by measurements of ocular counterroll
      responses to static head tilt and the nystagmus induced with caloric
      stimulations. Each person was evaluated on a visual task, i.e., answers to
      questions about alphanumeric information read from a stationary sign while
      sitting still and while riding in a car. Comparisons of vision scores tend to be
      lower in the moving than in the still condition. Furthermore, these decrements
      appear more closely related to the magnitudes of ocular counterroll than to the
      caloric reflexes. These results have implications concerning otolithic vs.
      semicircular canal function, vehicle operations by vestibular-impaired
      individuals, and evaluations of clinical treatments which employ vestibulotoxic
      drugs.

PMID- 3871498
TI  - Reduction in brain immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - The brain CRF concentration of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and
      normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) was examined by rat CRF radioimmunoassay.
      Anti-CRF serum was developed by immunizing rabbits with synthetic rat CRF.
      Synthetic rat CRF was also used as tracer and standard. The displacement of 125I
      rat CRF by serially diluted extracts of male Wistar rats hypothalamus, thalamus,
      midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, cerebral cortex, cerebellum and
      neurointermediate lobe was parallel to the displacement of synthetic rat CRF. In
      both WKY and SHR the highest levels of CRF immunoreactivity were shown by the
      hypothalamus and neuro-intermediate lobe, and considerable CRF immunoreactivity
      was also detected in other brain regions. The CRF immunoreactivity in the
      hypothalamus, neurointermediate lobe, midbrain, medulla oblongata and cerebral
      cortex was significantly reduced in SHR and it may suggest that CRF abnormality
      may be implicated in the reported abnormalities in the pituitary-adrenal axis,
      autonomic response and behavior of SHR.

PMID- 3871499
TI  - Severe impairment in adenine metabolism with a partial deficiency of adenine
      phosphoribosyltransferase.
AB  - Among three unrelated patients with recurrent 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis,
      two completely lacked adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) in both
      erythrocytes and proliferative T cells. The third patient possessed significant
      enzyme activities in both hemolysates and T-cell extracts at levels comparable to
      heterozygotes for complete APRT deficiency. Despite significant APRT activities
      in cell extracts, cultured T cells from the third patient were at least 100-fold
      more resistant than normal T cells to an adenine analog, 6-methylpurine, whose
      cytotoxicity is dependent on APRT. These data indicate that APRT activity in T
      cells from the third patient is positive in cell extracts, but apparently not
      operating in viable cells. Although the cells from the patients with complete
      APRT deficiency were as resistant to 6-methylpurine as the cells from the third
      patient, the cells from the heterozygotes for complete APRT deficiency were
      almost as sensitive as normal T cells. Therefore, adenine metabolism in the third
      patient but not in the heterozygotes seems to be as severely impaired as in the
      patients with complete APRT deficiency, which is quite consistent with the
      clinical manifestations in these individuals.

PMID- 3871500
TI  - Current management of neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

PMID- 3871501
TI  - Height of children successfully treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a
      report from the Late Effects Study Committee of Childrens Cancer Study Group.
AB  - One hundred eighty-seven patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
      (ALL) between 1972 and 1975 were evaluated for height 6.4-8.8 years (median 7.2
      years) from the time of diagnosis of their disease. All patients had been treated
      on protocols CCG-101/143 conducted by the Childrens Cancer Study Group. After
      induction of remission, patients received either cranial radiation plus six doses
      of intrathecal methotrexate, craniospinal radiation, or craniospinal radiation
      plus abdominal radiation, followed by systemic maintenance chemotherapy for
      either 3 or 5 years. No significant difference was observed in the distribution
      of height percentiles at the time of diagnosis compared to expected population
      standards. After treatment an excess (P less than 0.001) was observed in the
      proportion of patients in the lower percentiles in conjunction with a decrease in
      the proportion of patients in the higher percentiles. After adjustment for height
      at diagnosis, the only factor found to have significant impact on attained height
      percentile was exposure to craniospinal plus abdominal radiation (P less than
      0.001) where there was a fivefold excess in the proportion of patients below the
      fifth percentile for height. Craniospinal radiation only was not associated with
      a greater reduction in attained height percentile when compared to cranial
      radiation only.

PMID- 3871503
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 7-1985. An 80-year-old woman with recurrent hematochezia and
      multiple ailments.

PMID- 3871502
TI  - Determination of cardiac risk by dipyridamole-thallium imaging before peripheral
      vascular surgery.
AB  - To evaluate the severity of coronary artery disease in patients with severe
      peripheral vascular disease requiring operation, we performed preoperative
      dipyridamole-thallium imaging in 54 stable patients with suspected coronary
      artery disease. Of the 54 patients, 48 had peripheral vascular surgery as
      scheduled without coronary angiography, of whom 8 (17 per cent) had postoperative
      cardiac ischemic events. The occurrence of these eight cardiac events could not
      have been predicted preoperatively by any clinical factors but did correlate with
      the presence of thallium redistribution. Eight of 16 patients with thallium
      redistribution had cardiac events, whereas there were no such events in 32
      patients whose thallium scan either was normal or showed only persistent defects
      (P less than 0.0001). Six other patients also had thallium redistribution but
      underwent coronary angiography before vascular surgery. All had severe
      multivessel coronary artery disease, and four underwent coronary bypass surgery
      followed by uncomplicated peripheral vascular surgery. These data suggest that
      patients without thallium redistribution are at a low risk for postoperative
      ischemic events and may proceed to have vascular surgery. Patients with
      redistribution have a high incidence of postoperative ischemic events and should
      be considered for preoperative coronary angiography and myocardial
      revascularization in an effort to avoid postoperative myocardial ischemia and to
      improve survival. Dipyridamole-thallium imaging is superior to clinical
      assessment and is safer and less expensive than coronary angiography for the
      determination of cardiac risk.

PMID- 3871504
TI  - Accelerated atherosclerosis of bypassed coronary arteries.

PMID- 3871505
TI  - Epidermal growth factor. Is the precursor a receptor?

PMID- 3871506
TI  - Mouse prepro-epidermal growth factor synthesis by the kidney and other tissues.
AB  - Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a protein comprising 53 amino acids, is derived
      from a precursor of 1,217 amino acids that includes at least seven EGF-like
      sequences. EGF has diverse biological activities: it is a potent mitogen for many
      tissue culture cells, inhibits gastric acid secretion from the intestinal mucosa
      and promotes healing of the corneal epithelium. EGF given to fetal animals
      accelerates several developmental processes including palate formation, incisor
      eruption, eyelid opening and lung maturation. However, the physiological roles of
      EGF in vivo are unknown. The presence of high-affinity receptors in many fetal
      and adult tissues suggests that EGF is involved in normal cellular functions.
      Immunocytochemical studies have revealed the presence of EGF in mouse and human
      submaxillary glands, rat brain and human intestine. The low levels of EGF in
      extracts from many tissues may reflect sequestration rather than synthesis of the
      polypeptide. We show here that several mouse tissues contain preproEGF mRNA and
      that it is synthesized mainly in the distal tubules of the kidney. PreproEGF does
      not seem to be processed to EGF or other peptides in this tissue.

PMID- 3871507
TI  - Homing receptor-bearing thymocytes, an immunocompetent cortical subpopulation.
AB  - Much of the differentiation of murine T cells takes place in the thymus, perhaps
      influenced by the operation of stringent selection mechanisms whose existence has
      been inferred from the high rate of thymocyte turnover in the absence of
      extensive emigration. The origin of those 1% of total thymocytes which leave the
      thymus and seed the peripheral lymphoid organs is obscure. Recent thymic
      emigrants are functionally and phenotypically mature, and the purported greater
      maturity of medullary relative to cortical thymocytes is often cited a evidence
      for the medullary origin of thymic emigrants, a suggestion not without its
      critics. To approach this question, we have now isolated a a subpopulation of
      thymocytes expressing high levels of a receptor that mediates the homing of blood
      borne lymphocytes into peripheral lymph nodes. Surprisingly, this population of
      cells (1-3% of total thymocytes) is both cortical and immunocompetent, containing
      approximately half of all thymic cytolytic T-lymphocyte precursors. The
      combination of homing receptor expression and immunocompetence makes this
      cortical population ideally suited for emigration to peripheral lymphoid organs.

PMID- 3871508
TI  - Lymphokines and interleukins emerge from the primeval soup.

PMID- 3871509
TI  - Immune diseases. Many roles for interleukin-1.

PMID- 3871510
TI  - Vaccinia virus encodes a polypeptide homologous to epidermal growth factor and
      transforming growth factor.
AB  - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor type I (TGF) are
      polypeptides of 53 and 50 amino acid residues, respectively. Both bind to EGF
      receptor, a 1,200-residue transmembranous glycoprotein, leading to
      phosphorylation of the receptor, enhancement of its tyrosine-specific kinase
      activity and ultimately to stimulation of cell growth. We report here that a 140
      residue polypeptide encoded by one of the early genes of vaccinia virus (VV) is
      related closely to EGF and TGF. The presence of putative signal and
      transmembranous sequences further suggests that the viral protein might be an
      integral membrane protein, but that, as in the case of EGF itself, the membrane
      associated form may be the precursor of a soluble growth factor. Production of
      EGF-like growth factors by virally infected cells could account for the
      proliferative diseases associated with members of the poxvirus family such as
      Shope fibroma virus, Yaba tumour virus, and molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV).

PMID- 3871511
TI  - Ontogeny of the T-cell antigen receptor within the thymus.
AB  - The expression of T-cell antigen receptors during T-cell ontogeny is an important
      issue that bears directly on such questions as where T-cell tolerance is
      acquired, at what stage T cells become susceptible to repertoire selection, and
      why most thymocytes die within the thymus. The thymus rudiment is colonized
      during days 11 and 12 of gestation, but it is not until day 19 that significant
      numbers of functional thymocytes are present. Although much is known about the
      ontogeny of function- and specificity-associated surface molecules such as Ly2
      and MT4 (the murine equivalent of human T4) during this period, the ontogeny of
      the T-cell antigen receptors remains obscure. We have now addressed this question
      on three levels: DNA rearrangement, messenger RNA transcription and expression of
      cell-surface receptor-like proteins. Our results suggest that T-cell receptors
      are first expressed within the thymus around day 17 of gestation, independently
      of and probably before the expression of Ly2 and MT4. Furthermore, these data
      suggest that all major adult thymocyte subpopulations, including the small
      cortical cells, most of which die within the thymus, express receptors.

PMID- 3871512
TI  - Active clearance of corticotropin-releasing factor from the cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - Intracerebroventricular injection of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in
      animals activates behavioral, motor, metabolic and sympathetic responses similar
      to those seen with stress. To explore the pharmacokinetics of this peptide in the
      primate ventricular CSF, we determined the clearance of ovine 125I-CRF from the
      CSF and compared it to that of 111In-DTPA, a substance cleared by bulk flow. 125I
      CRF was cleared from the ventricular fluid sixfold more rapidly than bulk flow.
      This suggests that the CSF may be a pathway for physiological distribution of
      this releasing factor to active sites within the central nervous system, and that
      a mechanism exists for active removal of CRF from the ventricular CSF.

PMID- 3871513
TI  - Positron emission tomography in the newborn: effect of seizure on regional
      cerebral blood flow in an asphyxiated infant.
AB  - Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by positron emission tomography
      (PET) with 15O-labeled water in an asphyxiated infant during a seizure. After
      intrauterine asphyxia, the infant had a syndrome characteristic of hypoxic
      ischemic encephalopathy. During a PET scan on the second postnatal day, the
      infant had a focal seizure with deviation of eyes to the right and clonic jerking
      of the right arm. Regional blood flow was highest, about 80 ml/100 g/min, in the
      left temporal-parietal frontal region of the left hemisphere, the site of origin
      of the seizure; blood flow in the same region on the other side was about 57
      ml/100 g/min. These observations extend to the newborn previous demonstrations in
      older patients of a focal increase of CBF at the cerebral site of origin of a
      focal seizure.

PMID- 3871514
TI  - Peripheral blood and CSF T-cell subsets in Japanese MS patients.
AB  - We analyzed peripheral blood and CSF T-cell subsets in Japanese patients with MS,
      using an OK series of monoclonal antibodies in an immunofluorescent technique. In
      the peripheral blood, suppressor T cells were increased, with a concomitant
      decrease in helper T cells, after recovery from acute exacerbation, but there was
      no relationship between T cells in peripheral blood and CSF. In the CSF, acute
      exacerbation was associated with an increase in Ia-positive cells and a decrease
      in T cells. CSF pleocytosis (with more than 30% of Ia-positive cells) probably
      indicated active disease.

PMID- 3871515
TI  - Circulating lymphocytes bearing DR antigens in human melanoma.
AB  - B cell DR antigens were studied with lymphocyte markers in the peripheral blood
      of 62 staged melanoma patients and 37 normal individuals matched for age and sex.
      47 patients had early disease (31 in stage I; 16 in stage II) and 15 had advanced
      disease (stage III). Phagocytic cells were removed prior to testing. Specific
      rabbit antisera and monoclonal antibodies to purified human B cell DR and Fc
      molecules were used for detection of membrane immunofluorescence. Mild declines
      of total lymphocytes and of E-rosetting T cells were observed in comparing early
      to late disease. The drop of Ig(+) B cells was more striking. DR(+) cells,
      however, showed no change in percentage and a lesser drop in absolute numbers,
      suggesting an increase with advancing disease of DR(+), Ig(-) null cells, which
      may represent immature B cell precursors. Fc(+) cells increased markedly in 14
      patients who received levamisole, with little effect on the markers. Elevations
      of OKT4/OKT8 ratios were seen with a relative reduction in OKT8 cells, especially
      in late disease. These changes in lymphocyte subpopulations may reflect imbalance
      between the B and T arms from deranged immune regulation caused by chronic
      antigenic stimulation from progressively growing tumor. In addition to T cell
      suppression there is B cell hyperactivity with appearance of immature forms
      peripherally (shift to left).

PMID- 3871516
TI  - A microbiological study of secretory otitis media using an anaerobic technique.
AB  - A serious anaerobic sampling and cultivation technique was used in order to
      obtain representative samples from 45 middle ear effusions in 30 patients with
      longstanding secretory otitis media (SOM). Despite the fact that an accurate
      sterilizing procedure was performed, 16% disclosed contaminated samples from the
      ear canal and tympanic membrane. Among the remaining samples, middle ear bacteria
      were found in 30% of which Staphylococcus epidermidis and Haemophilus influenzae
      contributed to the major part. Anaerobes were only occasionally found. The amount
      of bacteria found was sparse in all cases. It can be concluded that the
      inflammatory process in SOM is not maintained by anaerobic bacteria within the
      middle ear cavity.

PMID- 3871517
TI  - [Therapy of trigeminal neuralgia with glycerin injected into Meckel's ganglion].

PMID- 3871518
TI  - Haemophilus influenzae type b septic arthritis in children: report of 23 cases.
AB  - Twenty-three cases of Haemophilus influenzae type b septic arthritis seen over a
      recent 5-year period are reviewed. The natural history of the disease includes a
      mean three days of fever and joint symptoms prior to hospitalization, often
      accompanied or immediately preceded by a viral illness and/or otitis media.
      Concurrent H influenzae type B meningitis was present in 30% of patients and
      concurrent osteomyelitis in 22%. Infants remained febrile in the hospital for a
      mean of 3.6 consecutive days. However, secondary and prolonged fevers were
      common. Clinical improvement in the joint examination was first seen at a mean of
      2.5 days. Characteristic laboratory findings during recovery included a decline
      in total WBC count, neutrophil count, ESR, and hematocrit, with a concomitant
      increase in lymphocyte and platelet counts. Outpatient follow-up for a mean
      duration of 20 months found only two of 21 infants with residual impairment. The
      time to total healing in the remaining 19 infants, however, varied widely--from
      nine days to 17 months (mean of 4 months).

PMID- 3871519
TI  - Coronary bypass.

PMID- 3871520
TI  - Towards pain relief.

PMID- 3871521
TI  - Type beta transforming growth factor: a bifunctional regulator of cellular
      growth.
AB  - Type beta transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) is a two-chain polypeptide of
      25,000 daltons isolated from many tissues, including bovine kidney, human
      placenta, and human platelets. It has been characterized by its ability to
      stimulate reversible transformation of nonneoplastic murine fibroblasts, as
      measured by the formation of colonies of these cells in soft agar (ED50 = 4 pM
      TGF-beta for NRK fibroblasts). We now show that the response of cells to TGF-beta
      is bifunctional, in that TGF-beta inhibits the anchorage-dependent growth of NRK
      fibroblasts and of human tumor cells by increasing cell cycle time. Moreover, the
      anchorage-independent growth of many human melanoma, lung carcinoma, and breast
      carcinoma cell lines is inhibited by TGF-beta at concentrations in the same range
      as those that stimulate colony formation of NRK fibroblasts (average ED50 = 10-30
      pM TGF-beta for inhibition). Whereas epidermal growth factor and TGF-beta
      synergize to induce anchorage-independent growth of NRK fibroblasts, their
      effects on the growth of A-549 human lung carcinoma cells are antagonistic. The
      bifunctional response of cells to TGF-beta is further demonstrated in Fischer rat
      3T3 fibroblasts transfected with a cellular myc gene. In these cells TGF-beta
      synergizes with platelet-derived growth factor to stimulate colony formation but
      inhibits the colony formation induced by epidermal growth factor. The data
      indicate that the effects of TGF-beta on cells are not a function of the peptide
      itself, but rather of the total set of growth factors and their receptors that is
      operant in the cell at a given time.

PMID- 3871522
TI  - Identification of a unique B-cell-stimulating factor produced by a cloned
      dendritic cell.
AB  - We describe a cloned dendritic cell, clone Den-1, which is a potent accessory
      cell for some B-cell responses. Clone Den-1 produces a unique lymphokine that
      induces polyclonal B-cell proliferation in the absence of other costimulators.
      This clone or factors produced by it also stimulate purified B cells to develop
      plaque-forming cell responses to type 2 antigens. The effect of this factor(s) on
      various B-cell populations and its relationship to previously described B-cell
      stimulating factors is discussed.

PMID- 3871523
TI  - Purification and partial amino acid sequence of asialo murine granulocyte
      macrophage colony stimulating factor.
AB  - A procedure utilizing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is
      described for the purification of asialo granulocyte-macrophage colony
      stimulating factor (asialo-GM-CSF) from mouse lung-conditioned medium. In the
      purification, the partially purified factor was treated with neuraminidase to
      reduce charge heterogeneity due to variable degrees of sialation. Three active
      forms of the asialo factor were separated by the final reversed-phase liquid
      chromatography step. These each gave a single major band and several minor bands
      on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and had similar amino acid compositions.
      The specific activity of purified murine asialo-GM-CSF was approximately 8 X
      10(9) colonies per mg of protein. Amino acid sequence determination of the major
      form gave a single amino-terminal sequence, which has been used to develop
      oligonucleotide probes for the isolation of two cDNA clones encoding GM-CSF. The
      nucleotide sequence of these two clones gave a deduced amino acid sequence almost
      identical with that determined for the amino terminus of asialo-GM-CSF and an
      amino acid composition very similar to that for asialo-GM-CSF.

PMID- 3871524
TI  - Combining solid-state and solution-state 31P NMR to study in vivo phosphorus
      metabolism.
AB  - Otherwise unavailable information concerning the distribution of phosphorylated
      compounds in biological systems is obtained by a combined solid-state/solution
      state NMR approach, illustrated here for oocytes from Rana pipiens. General
      methodology is developed, and further extensions are proposed. The following
      conclusions pertain to the specific system under examination. (i) Nucleoside
      phosphates can be observed by magic-angle sample spinning of the lyophilized
      material. (ii) The solid-state NMR technique of dipolar decoupling provides no
      additional resolution of the phospholipid and phosphoprotein components of the
      yolk. However, cellular death produces sufficient pH changes to cause the
      phospholipid and protein phosphate peaks to become resolvable. The concentration
      of nucleoside phosphates also decreases. (iii) The phospholipid and
      phosphoprotein components are shown by computer simulation to be present in a
      ratio of 40:60, respectively. (iv) The amounts of inorganic phosphate, nucleoside
      phosphates, and sugar phosphates are determined by solution-state NMR observation
      of the perchloric acid extract of the oocytes.

PMID- 3871525
TI  - Chromosomal locations of the human and mouse genes for precursors of epidermal
      growth factor and the beta subunit of nerve growth factor.
AB  - DNA probes for pre-pro-epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the precursor of the
      beta subunit of nerve growth factor (NGF) were used to chromosomally map human
      and mouse EGF and NGF genes in panels of human-mouse and mouse-Chinese hamster
      somatic cell hybrids. The EGF and NGF genes were mapped to human chromosomes 4
      and 1, respectively, by using human-mouse cell hybrids. A combination of regional
      mapping using a chromosome 1 translocation and comparative gene mapping suggests
      that the human NGF gene is in the p21-p22.1 region of chromosome 1. In mouse
      Chinese hamster cell hybrids, both genes were assigned to mouse chromosome 3. A
      knowledge of the chromosomal assignment of these genes should help in our
      understanding of their regulation and role in development and disease.

PMID- 3871526
TI  - Mapping of steroid 21-hydroxylase genes adjacent to complement component C4 genes
      in HLA, the major histocompatibility complex in man.
AB  - The genes for four components (C) of complement in the human major
      histocompatibility complex (HLA) have been aligned previously in a series of
      overlapping cosmid cloned inserts. Those inserts, which contained the two C4
      genes C4A and C4B, hybridized with human adrenal mRNA, indicating that they
      contain a gene expressed in the adrenal. The mRNA fraction of 2.4 kilobases (kb)
      hybridizes with genomic DNA of 4.5 kb, which is duplicated and lies about 1.5 kb
      3' of both the C4A and the C4B complement genes. Sequencing of a 430-base section
      and comparison with the published cDNA sequence of bovine cytochrome P-450 21
      hydroxylase, peptide sequences of porcine 21-hydroxylase, and a cDNA sequence of
      a rat liver cytochrome P-450 identified the gene as coding for human steroid 21
      hydroxylase [steroid,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (21-hydroxylating), EC
      1.14.99.10]. Mapping of the gene was helped by use of a synthetic oligonucleotide
      based on the bovine cDNA sequence.

PMID- 3871527
TI  - Muscarinic cholinergic receptor in the human heart evidenced under physiological
      conditions by positron emission tomography.
AB  - The muscarinic receptor was studied in vivo in the human heart by a noninvasive
      method, positron emission tomography (PET). The study showed that the binding
      sites of 11C-labeled methiodide quinuclidinyl benzilate [( 11C]-MQNB), a
      muscarinic antagonist, were mainly distributed in the ventricular septum (98
      pmol/cm3 of heart) and in the left ventricular wall (89 pmol/cm3), while the
      atria were not visualized. A few minutes after a bolus intravenous injection, the
      concentration of [11C]MQNB in blood fell to a negligible level (less than 100th
      of the concentration measured in the ventricular septum). When injected at high
      specific radioactivity, the concentration of [11C]MQNB in the septum rapidly
      increased and then remained constant with time. This result was explained by
      rebinding of the ligand to receptors. It was the major difference observed
      between the kinetics of binding of [11C]MQNB to receptor sites after intravenous
      injection in vivo and that of [3H]MQNB to heart homogenates in vitro. The MQNB
      concentrations in the ventricular septum of different individuals were found to
      be highest when the heart rate at the time of injection was slow. This result
      suggests that the antagonist binding site is related to a low-affinity
      conformational state of the receptor under predominant vagal stimulation. Thus,
      positron emission tomography might be the ideal method to study the
      physiologically active form of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in man.

PMID- 3871528
TI  - Depletion of [3H]methyltrienolone cytosol binding in glucocorticoid-induced
      muscle atrophy.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to determine cytosol binding properties of
      [3H]methyltrienolone, a synthetic androgen, in comparison with [3H]dexamethasone,
      a synthetic glucocorticoid, under conditions of glucocorticoid excess in skeletal
      muscle. Male hypophysectomized rats received either seven daily subcutaneous
      injections of cortisone acetate (CA) (100 mg X kg-1 body wt) or the vehicle, 1%
      carboxymethyl cellulose. Following treatment, both [3H]dexamethasone and
      [3H]methyltrienolone-receptor concentrations were decreased from those in vehicle
      treated rats by more than 90 and 80%, respectively, in CA-treated animals.
      Scatchard analysis of [3H]methyltrienolone binding in muscles of vehicle-treated
      animals became nonlinear at high concentrations of labeled ligand and were
      reanalyzed by a two-component binding model. The lower affinity, higher capacity
      component, which was attributed to binding of methyltrienolone to a
      "dexamethasone" component, disappeared in muscles of CA-treated rats and
      Scatchard plots were linear. Receptor concentrations of the higher affinity lower
      capacity "methyltrienolone" component were similar in muscles of vehicle-treated
      and CA-treated groups. From competition studies, the high relative specificities
      of glucocorticoids for [3H]methyltrienolone binding in muscles of vehicle-treated
      animals were markedly reduced by CA treatment. In addition, the binding
      specificity data also showed strong competition by progesterone and
      methyltrienolone for [3H]dexamethasone binding and estradiol-17 beta for
      [3H]methyltrienolone binding. These results demonstrate that most of the
      [3H]methyltrienolone binding is eliminated under in vivo conditions of
      glucocorticoid excess. Furthermore, the competitiveness of various steroids for
      receptor binding suggests that rat muscle may not contain classic (ligand
      specific) glucocorticoid and androgen receptors.

PMID- 3871529
TI  - Improvement in isometric strength of the quadriceps femoris muscle after training
      with electrical stimulation.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to determine if training isometrically with
      electrical stimulation (ES) alone would significantly increase isometric strength
      of the quadriceps femoris muscle. The relationships between the strength changes
      and the relative force and duration of training contractions were also studied.
      An experimental group (Group 1) and a control group (Group 2), 12 subjects in
      each, underwent pretesting and posttesting to obtain their maximum voluntary
      isometric contractions (MVICs). Group 1 trained with maximally tolerable
      isometric contractions induced by ES, three days a week for four weeks. Results
      showed that although both groups demonstrated increases in isometric strength of
      their quadriceps femoris muscles, training isometrically with ES produced a
      significantly greater increase (p less than .01) than not training with ES. The
      relative strength improvement in Group 1 was positively and significantly
      correlated with training-contraction intensity and duration. The relative
      increase in isometric strength, using only ES, may be determined by the ability
      of the subjects to tolerate longer and more forceful contractions. Suggestions
      for further research and implications for the clinical use of ES for strength
      training are discussed.

PMID- 3871530
TI  - Use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for a patient with a cardiac
      pacemaker. A case report.
AB  - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation units used in conjunction with
      cardiac pacemakers have traditionally been an absolute contraindication for these
      patients. In this case report, a patient successfully used a TENS unit in
      conjunction with a temporary cardiac pacemaker. No interference was noted by the
      ECG readout. This finding indicates that with close monitoring, some patients may
      be able to wear a TENS unit simultaneously with cardiac pacemakers.

PMID- 3871531
TI  - The cerebellopontine angle and internal auditory canal: neurovascular anatomy on
      gas CT cisternograms.
AB  - We reviewed 103 normal gas CT cisternograms to delineate the appearance of normal
      neurovascular structures in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) and internal
      auditory canal (IAC). Cranial nerves VII and VIII were identified in the CPA in
      97% of cases, either separately (53%) or as a bundle (44%). Intracanalicular
      branches of the VIIIth cranial nerve were identified in 20% of cases, and cranial
      nerve V was visualized in the CPA in 14%. The characteristic vascular loop,
      usually the anterior inferior cerebellar artery, was visible in 35% of cases,
      and, in 22% of visualized cases, was in an intracanalicular location. The
      internal auditory artery was questionably visualized in one case. In 10% of
      cases, greater than 66% of the IAC was occupied by the neurovascular bundle.
      Familiarity with the normal anatomy and variants seen on gas CT cisternograms is
      necessary to prevent false-positive interpretations.

PMID- 3871532
TI  - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia studied by gallium-67 scanning.
AB  - The validity and reliability of gallium-67 (Ga-67) scanning for diagnosis and
      follow-up of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) were assessed in 34 patients
      thought to have pulmonary complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
      (AIDS). Overall sensitivity was 94% and specificity 74%. Among patients with
      normal or equivocal chest radiographs at the time of admission, sensitivity was
      86% and specificity 85%. The authors consider Ga-67 scanning a valid and reliable
      adjunct in the diagnosis of PCP in AIDS patients with respiratory symptoms when
      the chest radiograph is normal or equivocal.

PMID- 3871533
TI  - [Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. First confirmed case in Panama].

PMID- 3871534
TI  - Isolation of model soluble immune complexes in the fluid phase by monoclonal anti
      IgG-ferritin antibodies.
AB  - Ferritin conjugates of monoclonal IgG anti-human gamma chain (anti-IgG-F) were
      reacted with soluble heat aggregates of IgG (A-IgG) and with soluble DNA-anti-DNA
      complexes to increase the S rate of the model soluble immune complexes (ICx) and
      thus facilitate isolation of ICx in the fluid phase and provide an immunochemical
      marker for subsequent ultrastructural analysis. A-IgG appeared as globular or
      curvilinear structures with individual IgG molecules arranged in a random
      fashion. The technique appears promising for characterization of other soluble
      ICx.

PMID- 3871535
TI  - In vivo biological effect of allogeneic cultured thymic epithelium on thymus
      dependent immunity in athymic nude rats.
AB  - We have extended our previous study of induction of T-lymphocyte immunocompetence
      in athymic nude rats by cultured epithelium (CTE) of syngeneic origin to that by
      CTE of allogeneic origin. Immune responsiveness (IgG-class antibody and delayed
      type hypersensitivity) after ovalbumin immunization is detectable by 4-6 weeks
      after transplantation. However, the antibody appears at a slower rate when
      compared with heterozygous immunocompetent littermates. Seven weeks after
      transplantation phytohaemagglutinin responsiveness of spleen cells is detectable,
      and in T-dependent areas of lymphoid organs lymphocytes with helper and non
      helper T-cell phenotype are present, but at lower levels than those in
      heterozygous immunocompetent littermates. Levels comparable to that of
      immunocompetent rats are reached about 20 weeks after transplantation. Since CTE
      contains thymocytes, control experiments consisted of transplantation with high
      numbers of allogeneic freshly isolated thymocytes in athymic nude rats. These
      animals showed IgG-class antibody formation after ovalbumin immunization, but at
      lower levels than CTE-treated rats, and were almost negative in T-cell
      immunocompetence assessed in the other assays. We conclude that CTE of allogeneic
      origin induces T-cell immunocompetence in athymic nude rats to the level of
      heterozygous immunocompetent littermates. This study adds to the rationale of CTE
      transplantation applied in treatment of thymic dysfunction.

PMID- 3871536
TI  - 2-Mercaptoethanol-dependent lipopolysaccharide-responsive B cells in nylon-wool
      fractionated spleen cell preparations.
AB  - The ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to influence lymphocyte mitogen
      responsiveness to 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) was investigated. 2-ME was mitogenic
      for splenocytes only when fetal bovine serum lots containing elevated endotoxin
      levels were used to supplement (5%) the culture medium. 2-ME did not stimulate
      mitosis of nylon-wool-fractionated splenocytes (NWSC); however, 2-ME induced
      significant proliferation in the NWSC cell preparations when endotoxin-deficient
      culture medium was supplemented with doses of LPS which alone did not stimulate
      significant proliferation. The sIg+ and Thy-1-/Lyt-1- fractions of NWSC, which
      represented less than 5% of the cells in the 'T-cell preparations', were almost
      completely dependent on 2-ME for proliferation in response to LPS stimulation.
      These data indicate that nylon-wool-fractionated preparations contain splenic B
      cells that incorporate significant amounts of [3H]thymidine when stimulated with
      LPS and 2-ME.

PMID- 3871537
TI  - Glucocorticoids enhance the in vitro Ig synthesis of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated
      human B cells by inhibiting the suppressive effect of T8+ T cells.
AB  - The in vitro effects of three potent glucocorticoids (GC) (dexamethasone,
      prednisolone, cortisone) on human lymphocyte functions were investigated. In
      pharmacological concentrations GC strongly suppressed lymphocyte transformation
      induced by T-cell mitogen (concanavalin A and phytohaemagglutinin). After
      pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation GC enhanced the number of immunoglobulin (Ig)
      producing cells without affecting the proliferative response. Mineralocorticoid
      aldosterone showed no effect. Addition of 3 X 10(-8)-3 X 10(-6) mol/l of
      different GC to PWM cultures significantly increased the number of Ig-secreting
      cells, measured by the plaque-forming cell assay. Experiments conducted with
      fractionated defined lymphocyte subpopulations showed that the T8+, a
      radiosensitive T suppressor cell, is more sensitive than the T4+ T helper cell to
      GC effects. It is concluded that GC in pharmacological concentrations display a
      dual effect on human lymphocyte functions in vitro: an inhibition of lectin
      induced T lymphocyte proliferation and a rather selective inhibition of T
      suppressor cell function which leads to an enhanced B-cell maturation and Ig
      synthesis in PWM-stimulated cultures. No measurable direct effect on the B
      lymphocytes was noticed.

PMID- 3871538
TI  - A simplified one stage modification of portoazygos disconnection for massive
      variceal hemorrhage.
AB  - A one stage, complete abdominal portoazygos disconnection procedure is a safe and
      efficient method for the treatment of acute variceal bleeding. This method was
      performed upon five patients who were bleeding due to severe cirrhosis of the
      liver, with no operative mortality. No recurrence of bleeding occurred during a
      follow-up study of one to four years.

PMID- 3871539
TI  - Injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices caused by schistosomal hepatic
      fibrosis.
AB  - Sixty patients with esophageal varices caused by schistosomal hepatic fibrosis
      were managed by injection sclerotherapy. Bleeding was controlled in 17 of 20
      patients (85%) with acute bleeding from varices. The remaining 40 patients were
      either unfit for operation or had a recurrence of variceal bleeding after
      operation. In a period of follow-up that ranged from 14 to 31 months (mean 18.4
      months), 11 patients (18.3%) had a recurrence of bleeding that was controlled and
      four patients (6.7%) had a fatal recurrence of bleeding. The overall mortality
      rate was 25% (15 patients), and 34 patients (56.7%) had no recurrence of
      bleeding.

PMID- 3871540
TI  - [Imported diseases in Switzerland].

PMID- 3871541
TI  - Jaundice after open heart surgery: a prospective study.

PMID- 3871542
TI  - The response of an acquired Factor V inhibitor to activated Factor IX
      concentrate.
AB  - A 91-year-old man developed a severe bleeding diathesis postoperatively.
      Laboratory studies showed an inhibitor to factor V which was identified as IgG.
      The patient failed to respond to fresh-frozen plasma and platelet transfusions,
      but demonstrated both clinical and laboratory improvement after transfusion with
      an activated prothrombin complex concentrate (Autoplex). Patients with refractory
      inhibitors to factors VIII or IX have been managed successfully with this
      concentrate; however, this case demonstrates that is also may be of value in
      managing patients with refractory inhibitors to factor V.

PMID- 3871543
TI  - Cell-mediated hyperacute rejection. VIII. The recipient's role in adoptive
      transfer.

PMID- 3871544
TI  - Transplantation. Molecular biology and function.

PMID- 3871545
TI  - [Vestibular disorders in patients with acute sensorineural hearing loss].

PMID- 3871546
TI  - [Course of laryngeal papillomatosis in children and its various immunological
      parallels].

PMID- 3871547
TI  - [Effects of the methods of treatment of patients with chronic tonsillitis on the
      defense mechanisms and their immunostimulation].

PMID- 3871548
TI  - Course and outcome of drug abuse in military conscripts.
AB  - The course and outcome of drug abuse was studied by following a representative
      sample of military conscripts from Gothenburg who participated in a questionnaire
      survey concerning drug habits in 1969/70 in connection with registration for
      military service. Those with abuse registered in medical or social welfare files
      had, with few exceptions (11%), admitted to use of drugs in the questionnaire.
      However, 55% of those who in the questionnaire indicated high-frequency drug use
      and 89% of those who indicated low-frequency drug use were not registered. A
      large proportion of drug abuse was thus hidden. It was estimated that 6% of the
      whole population were registered for drug abuse up to the time of the
      questionnaire survey, and another 1% after that. In some cases registered drug
      abuse started as early as 9 years of age. For the under-fifteens solvents were
      the commonest first drug and for the over-fifteens cannabis. Few initiated drug
      abuse after the age of 20. In 30% of the registered men, the duration of abuse
      was less than or equal to 2 years, in 50% 2-10 years and in 20% less than or
      equal to 10 years. Distributed over the entire population, the proportions were
      2%, 3% and 1%, respectively. Among high-frequency drugs users, 45% of the
      registered abuse remained after 5 years and 20% after 9 years. Compared with the
      drug-free "normal group" registered drug abusers had more often indicated running
      away from home, repeated truancy, nervous complaints, and had more often received
      child and youth psychiatric care and been registered with the Social Welfare
      Administration at an early age. Those who had long drug careers had lower
      intelligence levels than the normal group.

PMID- 3871549
TI  - Course and outcome of drug abuse and medical and social conditions in selected
      young drug abusers.
AB  - The course and outcome of drug abuse and medical and social conditions were
      investigated by following--in some aspects for up to 10 years--selected groups of
      young drug abusers who had had contact with health care and social welfare
      authorities in Gothenburg at the end of the 1960's. The follow-up was carried out
      by studying different registers and through interviews. The abusers were compared
      with a control group matched in terms of sex, age and daily sickness allowance.
      Abuse of cannabis predominated (2:1) over heavier drugs (primarily central
      stimulants i.v.) in the out-patient materials, while the reverse was the case in
      the in-patient material. About 40% of the drug users were interviewed and judged
      to be representative of their groups. After 4-6 years, 36-49% of the males and 23
      48% of the females in the different materials were found registered as drug
      abusers; 22-38% of the men and 11-19% of the women were found after 8-10 years.
      According to the interviews, drug abuse persisted in 56-71% of the men and 26-60%
      of the women after 4-6 years and in 44-69% of the men and 13-36% of the women
      after 7-9 years. Abuse of cannabis persisted more often than abuse of heavier
      drugs, and had a lower mortality. Between 40 and 55% of drug abuse in the out
      patient material, as well as among males in the social welfare material, was
      hidden during the follow-up period. The hidden abuse involved primarily cannabis;
      abuse of heavier drugs was generally known to the health care or social welfare
      authorities. Repeated or lengthy sick leave was more common than in the control
      group. In-patient adult psychiatric treatment was common among those in the
      health care material, although 40% of those in the social welfare material had
      also received such treatment. A diagnosis of drug abuse clearly predominated.
      Treatment of hepatitis was noted for 30-40%. More than 90% of drug abusers were
      registered with the social welfare authorities compared with less than half of
      the controls. Possession of driving licence was less common and the males had
      less often completed basic military training. The majority of those not
      registered for drug abuse after 4-6 years were employed or studying, and had
      considerably less need for social welfare and sick leave than those who were
      registered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3871550
TI  - Percutaneous approach to nephrolithiasis.
AB  - Percutaneous techniques were successful in removing stones from 101 (92%) of 110
      kidneys attempted. Ultrasonic lithotripsy was used on 80 kidneys in 74 patients
      with stones 5-38 mm in diameter. The most common complication was incomplete
      disintegration with retained stone fragments. Twenty patients were treated by
      direct stone extraction, either by a stone basket or forceps. The average
      hospitalization for percutaneous stone removal of 10 days was not significantly
      different from that for open nephrolithotomy. However, patients undergoing
      percutaneous stone removal had only a 3-10 day convalescence after hospital
      discharge before returning to normal activity.

PMID- 3871551
TI  - Percutaneous extraction of renal stones: experience in 100 patients.
AB  - Recent developments in technology and instrumentation have made it possible to
      remove most kidney stones and many ureteral stones percutaneously. The first 100
      cases at this institution were reviewed in which grasping, ultrasonic
      lithotripsy, basketing, and irrigation were used. In all cases, the follow-up was
      at least 1 year. The success rates were 92.4% for renal pelvic stones, 92% for
      caliceal stones, and 68% for ureteral stones. Ten of the 14 patients who required
      open operation after an unsuccessful percutaneous procedure were among the first
      18 patients, whereas only one open operation was needed in the last 40 patients.
      Proper patient selection; the size, number, and location of stones; proper
      selection of the nephrostomy site; and the expertise of the operator are critical
      factors in determining the success rate. To date, the short-term results of
      percutaneous stone removal have been as good as those of open surgery.

PMID- 3871552
TI  - Percutaneous drainage of pyogenic liver abscesses.
AB  - This report summarizes the results of percutaneous catheter drainage in 23 cases
      of primary or secondary pyogenic liver abscess. The overall success rate was 76%.
      Only three (60%) of five cases of secondary abscess (infected hematoma or
      infected tumor) were cured with catheter drainage, but 11 (91%) of the last 12
      primary pyogenic abscesses were drained successfully. Six patients with abscesses
      of less than 4 cm in diameter required catheter drainage for less than 72 hr.
      Although six abscesses in the series appeared septated or multiloculated, only
      one required more than a single catheter for curative drainage. Diagnostic and
      technical considerations for successful drainage of hepatic abscesses are
      discussed. The differential diagnosis includes echinococcal disease and hepatic
      amebiasis. Therapeutically, specific measures should be taken to ensure proper
      catheter position to prevent contamination of the subphrenic, perihepatic, and
      pleural spaces. Percutaneous catheter drainage should be attempted as a first
      choice of treatment in all pyogenic hepatic abscesses.

PMID- 3871553
TI  - Percutaneous decompression of the colon using CT guidance in Ogilvie syndrome.

PMID- 3871554
TI  - Pelvic abscess drainage by the transrectal catheter approach in men.

PMID- 3871555
TI  - Percutaneous sclerosis of an external biliary fistula.

PMID- 3871556
TI  - Computed tomography in the prediction of outcome in head injury.
AB  - To determine the prognostic significance of computed tomographic (CT) findings in
      head injury, retrospective analysis was performed in 128 randomly selected severe
      head-injury patients managed with a standardized protocol. The minimal criterion
      for entry into this study was that the patients were unable to obey simple
      commands or utter formed words. Serial CT was performed on admission and 3-5
      days, 2 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year after injury. A scale of severity of
      abnormalities was devised taking into account the size of the traumatic lesions
      on CT. The CT findings using the proposed scale were correlated with the clinical
      outcome and analyzed using linear logistic regression. Other characteristics such
      as midline shift, multiplicity, and corpus callosum and brainstem lesions were
      not included in the analysis either because they did not affect the prognosis or
      because too few of these lesions were present for statistical analysis. The
      correct prediction rate of outcome using the proposed scale for CT findings alone
      was found to be 69.7%. When CT findings were combined with the Glasgow Coma Scale
      score this rate was increased to 75.8%.

PMID- 3871557
TI  - Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy: postsurgical CT findings.
AB  - Transsphenoidal surgery produces changes in the paranasal sinuses and sella that
      should be familiar to radiologists in view of the frequency of this type of
      surgery. Some of these changes, such as soft-tissue-density debris in the
      sinuses, are transient. Fat and other packing material identifiable in the
      sinuses and sella after surgery is permanent. The procedure is associated with a
      variety of complications that are readily detectable by computed tomography (CT).
      These include bleeding, compression of parasellar structures by packing material,
      cerebrospinal fluid leaks, and pneumocephalus. After a transsphenoidal procedure,
      with or without follow-up radiation therapy, residual enhancing intrasellar and
      parasellar lesions may still be identified.

PMID- 3871558
TI  - Anatomy of the ethmoid: CT, endoscopic, and macroscopic.

PMID- 3871559
TI  - Congenital malformations of the external and middle ear: high-resolution CT
      findings of surgical import.
AB  - The external auditory canal, middle ear, and bulk of the ossicular chain develop
      from the first branchial groove, first and second branchial arches, and first
      pharyngeal pouch. Embryologic development of these structures is complex and only
      rarely are two anomalies identical. Development of the inner ear structures
      occurs independently of external ear structures, and concomitant involvement is
      unusual. This study includes 11 cases of unilateral external auditory canal
      atresia and two cases of bilateral atresia. Eight cases (four bilateral) of
      isolated congenital ossicular anomalies are also included. Emphasis is placed on
      findings of surgical import. All patients were studied with computed tomography
      only, because it was believed that the bony and soft-tissue detail achieved is
      superior to that with conventional multidirectional tomography.

PMID- 3871560
TI  - Chest wall invasion by lung cancer: limitations of CT evaluation.
AB  - Thirty-three patients with peripheral pulmonary malignancies contiguous with a
      pleural surface were evaluated for chest wall invasion by computed tomography
      (CT). CT criteria included pleural thickening adjacent to the tumor, encroachment
      on or increased density of the extrapleural fat, asymmetry of the extrapleural
      soft tissues adjacent to the tumor, apparent mass invading the chest wall, and
      rib destruction. The CT scans were classified as positive, negative, or equivocal
      for invasion, and a decision matrix was constructed comparing CT results with
      pathologic data. The sensitivity of CT was 38%, specificity was 40%, and accuracy
      was 39% for evaluation of invasion if equivocal CT results were counted as
      radiologic errors. CT scanning has low accuracy in assessing chest wall invasion
      in patients with peripheral lung cancers.

PMID- 3871561
TI  - A newly recognized profile in neonatal lung disease with maternal diabetes.
AB  - A radiographic pattern associated with respiratory distress, distinct from
      hyaline membrane disease and transient tachypnea of the newborn, is described in
      eight infants of diabetic mothers. The radiographic findings demonstrate a
      regional distribution of reticulogranular densities accompanied by increased lung
      volumes. Clinical features were gestationally mature infants in moderate
      respiratory distress with tachypnea, hypercapnia, and hypoxemia requiring
      supplemental oxygen, with steady improvement and uneventful recovery within 2
      weeks. There was no bacteriologic evidence of infection or radiographic evidence
      of delayed lung fluid absorption. The mothers had mild diabetes. These features
      characterize a newly recognized entity in diabetes-related idiopathic lung
      disease of the newborn. Possible causative factors are discussed.

PMID- 3871562
TI  - Bronchial compression by a patent ductus arteriosus associated with pulmonary
      atresia.
AB  - Two infants with pulmonary atresia are presented, wherein a large, vertically
      oriented patent ductus arteriosus, acting as the only source of pulmonary blood
      supply, compressed the left bronchus, causing significant respiratory distress.
      Hyperinflation of the left lung was the clue to this circumstance. After
      bronchographic confirmation, surgical repair was accomplished by placement of
      aortopulmonary shunts and division of the patent ductus. Other causes of airway
      compression in congenital heart disease are briefly reviewed. The embryology of
      the ductus arteriosus is discussed, emphasizing its anatomic configuration and
      physiologic role in pulmonary atresia.

PMID- 3871563
TI  - Increased hepatic density and phospholipidosis due to amiodarone.
AB  - Amiodarone is an amphiphilic iodinated compound that is used as a treatment for
      refractory ventricular arrhythmias. During evaluation for possible pulmonary
      toxicity, a patient receiving amiodarone was noted to have an increase in the
      density of his liver as seen on computed tomographic (CT) scanning of the
      abdomen. Six additional patients who were receiving amiodarone were subsequently
      evaluated to ascertain the frequency of this finding. The CT density of the liver
      was increased in all patients. Values obtained varied from 95 to 145 H, with a
      mean of 117 +/- 8.9 (normal, 30-70). The alkaline phosphatase was elevated in
      four patients, but only one had an elevation of either the alanine or aspartate
      aminotransferase. Two patients underwent liver biopsies, and both revealed
      membranous lamellar phospholipid-containing structures within hepatocytes. Animal
      studies done to recreate these findings revealed that amiodarone accumulated in
      the liver at concentrations 175-500 times greater than those found in serum.
      Quantitative measurements of iodine in samples from the same liver showed that
      the iodine levels were correspondingly elevated. In the treated animals, there
      was a small but statistically significant increase in the CT density of the
      liver, whereas the values for untreated animals were unchanged. Treatment with
      amiodarone leads to an accumulation in the liver of this iodinated compound and
      hence an increase in the CT density of the liver. This accumulation of the drug
      in hepatic lysosomes apparently causes a secondary phospholipidosis.

PMID- 3871564
TI  - Gallium scanning in peritoneal mesothelioma.
AB  - Gallium scans in seven cases of pathologically proven primary peritoneal
      mesothelioma were reviewed and correlated with clinical, radiologic, and surgical
      findings. Although five patients gave a history of asbestos exposure, only two
      showed chest film findings typical of asbestosis. Most had abdominal discomfort,
      ascites, and abdominal masses. Five of the seven had positive gallium scans;
      three showed a large single focus of uptake and two showed diffuse abdominal
      uptake. Although these patterns correspond to the two main gross pathologic types
      described in peritoneal mesothelioma, there was not complete agreement with
      clinical, radiographic, and surgical findings, and the focal pattern tended to
      underestimate the extent of the disease. Although gallium uptake can be seen in a
      variety of other neoplastic and inflammatory conditions, it may be useful in the
      diagnosis and follow-up of peritoneal mesothelioma.

PMID- 3871565
TI  - Anatomy and imaging of the lesser peritoneal sac.

PMID- 3871566
TI  - Detection of recurrent rectosigmoid carcinoma: prospective evaluation of CT and
      clinical factors.
AB  - Twenty-nine patients who underwent curative resection for rectosigmoid carcinoma
      were followed for 1-4 years by history and physical examination, computed
      tomography, liver function tests, and carcinoembryonic antigen levels.
      Recurrences occurred in 13 patients: seven asymptomatic and six symptomatic. CT
      scans, obtained in 10 of these 13 patients, were positive in nine. Liver function
      tests were not elevated in any and carcinoembryonic antigen was abnormal in six
      of 11 patients. CT is the most sensitive test for the detection of recurrent
      disease.

PMID- 3871567
TI  - Intestinal giardiasis: the importance of serial filming.
AB  - Intestinal giardiasis is a common enteric pathogen. Conventional diagnostic
      screening studies are only 50% accurate. Although radiologic abnormalities in the
      small intestine have been described, barium studies are often normal. Symptoms
      may be chronic and debilitating but are effectively treated with appropriate
      therapy. Three cases were encountered in which recognition of subtle radiographic
      abnormalities in the small intestine was responsible for proper diagnosis. These
      findings consisted of a progression from relatively normal jejunum on initial
      films to dilution, segmentation, and apparent increased fold thickness in the
      proximal small intestine on delayed films. When this pattern is identified, the
      radiologist may suggest the possibility of giardiasis and thus direct the
      referring physician to use definitive diagnostic procedures.

PMID- 3871568
TI  - Differential diagnosis of the bowler hat sign.

PMID- 3871569
TI  - Gastrointestinal complications of gastroschisis.
AB  - The mortality of infants with gastroschisis has been reduced markedly in the last
      decade with the application of new surgical techniques, improved metabolic
      monitoring, and total parenteral nutrition. The late complications of repaired
      gastroschisis are now emerging. In this series of 30 infants with gastroschisis
      (20% mortality) significant gastroesophageal reflux was identified in seven of 10
      infants with the appropriate barium study. The clinical symptom complexes of
      dysmotility, a recognized problem in gastroschisis, and gastroesophageal reflux
      can be easily confused. In addition, 11 episodes of necrotizing enterocolitis
      were identified in seven infants, four with perforations. The children with
      necrotizing enterocolitis had a deceptively benign clinical presentation, which
      was easily misinterpreted in these ill infants. Awareness of these two
      significant gastrointestinal complications and close cooperation of clinicians
      and radiologists to detect them should insure better survival in the infant with
      gastroschisis.

PMID- 3871570
TI  - Female urethral carcinoma: MRI staging.

PMID- 3871571
TI  - Bone mineral density in the femoral neck: quantitative assessment using dual
      energy projection radiography.
AB  - Two different dual-energy projection radiography techniques were used to
      quantitate bone mineral density in the femoral neck. A heterogeneous population
      of normal aging individuals of both genders was studied. Using a dual-energy
      scanned projection method, femoral neck mineralization was shown to decline with
      age in men and women with normal endocrine status, and to correlate positively
      with serum calcium level in women and both genders combined. No significant
      relation to incidence and severity of vertebral body compression fractures, the
      Singh trabecular index, glomerular filtration rate, urinary calcium excretion,
      plasma levels of vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, or alkaline phosphatase was
      demonstrated. According to both methods, femoral neck density tended to be higher
      in taller and heavier subjects. Although it may not be possible to predict
      accurately the occurrence of femoral neck fracture in a given individual, dual
      energy scanned projection radiography appears to be useful in determining mineral
      status of the site at risk.

PMID- 3871572
TI  - Leg length determination by CT digital radiography.
AB  - CT digital radiography is a new accurate technique for measuring leg length
      discrepancy. It is easily performed on commercially available equipment with a
      radiation dose of 3-6 times less than the conventional technique. Because of the
      short time required to complete the examination, charges are comparable with
      those for existing procedures. Good correlation in total limb length measurements
      between this new technique and spot scanography was noted in 24 patients. CT
      digital radiography should be the preferred method for evaluation for limb length
      discrepancy, particularly in children, because of the simple technique and
      lowering of radiation dose.

PMID- 3871573
TI  - Florid reactive periostitis of the phalanges.

PMID- 3871574
TI  - Transillumination in breast cancer detection: screening failures and potential.
AB  - This prospective study of 1265 women referred to a multimodality breast
      diagnostic center compares the sensitivity for breast cancer detection of state
      of-the-art transillumination light scanning and film-screen mammography. Of 33
      biopsy-proven cancers, transillumination light scanning detected 58%, while
      mammography detected 97% of the cancers. Light scanning did detect 55% of the
      nonpalpable breast cancers, and 30% of those tumors smaller than 1 cm. Detection
      of breast cancer by light scanning was affected by breast size, but not
      architecture, and was directly related to tumor size. Although transillumination
      light scanning can detect some small curable breast cancers (smaller than 1 cm),
      it does not do so at a sensitivity adequate for screening. An example is
      illustrated in which light scanning detected an occult breast cancer before the
      development of recognizable mammographic changes.

PMID- 3871575
TI  - Xeromammography after augmentation mammoplasty.
AB  - An 8-year review done of mammography at one institution identified 30 patients
      who had undergone a previous breast augmentation procedure. Of the 30, six had
      had silicone injections, 20 silicone-filled implants, and six saline-filled
      implants. Both free and encapsulated silicone significantly obscured underlying
      breast tissue because of density and associated calcifications, which would have
      interfered with detection of subclinical carcinomas. Xeromammography proved
      useful, however, in clarifying the nature of clinically palpable masses and in
      studying complications following the breast augmentation procedure.

PMID- 3871577
TI  - Data-base management system.

PMID- 3871576
TI  - Digital tomography: description and preliminary clinical experience.
AB  - Digital tomography was performed in 30 patients using a new prototype system with
      a PET-Scope image tube. Twenty-eight exposures are obtained during a single
      revolution of the x-ray source over the volume of tissue to be imaged. The sum of
      the radiation produced by the 28 exposures is about equivalent to a single
      routine exposure of the part imaged. The data accumulated can provide up to 200
      tomographic sections at intervals of 5 mm. Reconstruction time for each section
      is 3 sec. The raw images may be reconstructed as often as desired. Algorithms are
      being developed to allow axial and sagittal reformations. Further work is
      required to improve spatial resolution and contrast and to develop algorithms to
      allow subtraction of blurred images above and below the reconstructed site. The
      authors believe that digital tomography may eventually replace most routine
      tomograms.

PMID- 3871578
TI  - Mortality of hyaline membrane disease vs. neonatal pneumonia.

PMID- 3871579
TI  - Radial head-capitellum view.

PMID- 3871580
TI  - Limitations of CT in detecting bronchiectasis.

PMID- 3871581
TI  - Value of radionuclide angiography for predicting specific cardiac events after
      acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The value of rest and exercise radionuclide angiography (RNA) for predicting
      specific events including death, recurrent acute myocardial infarction (AMI),
      coronary care unit readmission for unstable chest pain, and medically refractory
      angina after AMI was studied in 106 consecutive survivors of AMI. Analysis of the
      RNA variables using the Cox proportional hazards regression model yielded
      significant associations of the time to death with ejection fraction at rest and
      during exercise (X2 = 11.1 and 14.0, respectively). Both variables added
      significant prognostic information to the clinical assessment (X2 = 4.3 and 5.7,
      respectively). The change in ejection fraction from rest to exercise predicted
      the time to coronary artery bypass grafting for medically refractory angina
      before (X2 = 21.0) and after (X2 = 13.2) adjustment for the clinical descriptors,
      but did not predict death or other non-fatal events. Significant correlations
      were found between RNA variables and a variety of clinical descriptors previously
      reported to have prognostic significance. Clinical and RNA variables that are
      measures of left ventricular function were predictive of subsequent mortality,
      whereas those that reflect residual potentially ischemic myocardium were
      predictive of subsequent nonfatal ischemic events. Rest and exercise RNA after
      AMI provides significant prognostic information regarding specific events during
      follow-up independent of that provided by clinical assessment.

PMID- 3871582
TI  - Comparison of preoperative, operative and postoperative variables in asymptomatic
      or minimally symptomatic patients to severely symptomatic patients three years
      after coronary artery bypass grafting: analysis of 423 patients.
AB  - During a follow-up period of 3 years, among a consecutive series of 423 patients
      who gave informed consent for recatheterization both 1 and 3 years after coronary
      artery bypass grafting, the incidence of severely symptomatic patients with New
      York Heart Association class III or IV was 19% (79 of 423). The predictive value
      of approximately 80 clinical, angiographic and perioperative variables was too
      low to be of clinical value. Adverse clinical outcome was associated with a high
      closure rate of the grafts. Forty-six percent of the patients could not undergo
      reoperation because of unsuitable coronary anatomy. With intensive medical
      therapy half of these patients improved to functional class I or II, while of
      those patients who were reoperable 32% improved to class I or II with intensive
      pharmacologic treatment instead of reoperation. The nonresponders underwent
      reoperation, which resulted in improvement of symptoms to functional class I or
      II in most (83%).

PMID- 3871583
TI  - Illogical use of saphenous veins for aortocoronary bypass grafting.

PMID- 3871584
TI  - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia B-lymphocytes forming SRBC-rosettes not due to an
      anti-SRBC activity of monoclonal surface immunoglobulin.
AB  - A case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia is described in which large numbers of
      peripheral blood lymphocytes expressed immunoglobulin on their membrane and
      rosetted spontaneously with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) at 4 degrees C. They
      also showed weak staining with a heterologous antiserum against T-cells as well
      as with a monoclonal antibody (OKT11) with specificity for an epitope associated
      with the SRBC-receptor, but failed to react with other T-lineage-restricted
      monoclonal antibodies. The B-cell origin of the leukemic cells was documented by
      the presence of light-chain-restricted monoclonal surface immunoglobulin,
      reactivity with various monoclonal anti-B-cell reagents, presence of Ia-like
      antigens, their capability to synthesize intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin on
      exposure to phorbol ester TPA, their lack of response to T-cell mitogen PHA, and
      their inability to help or suppress the allogeneic B-cell response upon PWM
      stimulation. Extensive blocking studies with both specific antisera and Forsmann
      antigen-rich guinea pig kidney extracts, which did not prevent SRBC-rosetting,
      lend support to the hypothesis that SRBC-rosette formation in this case was not
      attributable to an anti-SRBC affinity of the surface immunoglobulin on the cells.
      This case will be discussed in relation to the recent finding of SRBC-rosette
      expression on some cultured chronic lymphocytic leukemia B-lymphocytes.

PMID- 3871585
TI  - Botrocetin- and polybrene-induced platelet aggregation in platelet-type von
      Willebrand disease.
AB  - It has been reported that botrocetin, a Bothrops venom factor, induces platelet
      aggregation dependent on von Willebrand factor (vWF), and that platelet
      aggregation induced by Polybrene, a synthetic polycation, is enhanced by vWF.
      This report describes the platelet aggregability on stimulation with botrocetin
      and Polybrene in four patients with platelet-type von Willebrand disease (vWD)
      who showed increased platelet aggregation with low concentrations of ristocetin
      as the result of a platelet abnormality. Enhanced platelet aggregability with
      botrocetin was observed in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from the patients. Platelet
      aggregation induced by botrocetin in a mixture of normal washed platelets and
      patient plasma was either decreased or normal, being dependent on the amount of
      plasma vWF. In contrast with ristocetin and botrocetin, Polybrene did not cause
      increased aggregation of patient PRP. Polybrene aggregated normal washed
      platelets less extensively in the presence of patient plasma than normal plasma.
      These studies demonstrated that botrocetin induced heightened interaction between
      platelets and vWF, but Polybrene did not, in platelet-type vWD, and that the
      enhanced responsiveness of patient platelets to botrocetin is related to an
      intrinsic platelet abnormality.

PMID- 3871586
TI  - Surveillance of workers exposed to mercury vapour:validation of a previously
      proposed biological threshold limit value for mercury concentration in urine.
AB  - A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out among subjects exposed to
      mercury (Hg) vapour, ie, a group of 131 male workers (mean age: 30.9 yr; average
      duration of exposure, 4.8 yr) and a group of 54 female workers (mean age, 29.9
      yr; average duration of exposure 7 yr). The results were compared with those
      obtained in well-matched control groups comprising 114 and 48 male and female
      workers, respectively. The intensity of current Hg vapour exposure was rather
      moderate as reflected by the levels of mercury in urine (HgU) (mean and 95th
      percentile: males 52 and 147 micrograms/g creatinine; females 37 and 63
      micrograms/g creatinine) and of mercury in blood (mean and 95th percentile: males
      1.4 and 3.7 micrograms/dl; females 0.9 and 1.4 microgram/dl). Several symptoms
      mainly related to the central nervous system (memory disturbances, depressive
      feelings, fatigue, irritability) were more prevalent in the Hg-exposed subjects.
      They were, however, not related to exposure parameters. In both male and female
      Hg-exposed workers no significant disturbances were found in short-term memory
      (audioverbal), simple reaction time (visual), critical flicker fusion, and colour
      discrimination ability. Only slight renal tubular effects were detected in Hg
      exposed males and females, ie, an increased urinary beta-galactosidase activity
      and an increased urinary excretion of retinol-binding protein. The prevalence of
      these preclinical renal effects was more related to the current exposure
      intensity (HgU) than to the duration of exposure and was detected mainly when HgU
      exceeds 50 micrograms/g creatinine. Changes in hand tremor spectrum recorded with
      an accelerometer were found in the Hg-exposed males only. The prevalence of
      abnormal values for some hand tremor parameters (total velocity and total
      displacement in the 2-50-Hz band) was mainly increased in male workers exposed
      for more than 10 yr. Unlike the renal tubular effects, the preclinical signs of
      tremor were more related to the integrated exposure than to the current exposure.
      Since the female workers, who have been exposed to Hg vapour levels usually
      insufficient to increase their HgU levels above 50 micrograms/g creatinine, did
      not exhibit any change in hand tremor pattern, the results of the present study
      tend to validate our previously proposed biological threshold limit value of a
      HgU of 50 micrograms/g creatinine for workers chronically exposed to mercury
      vapour.

PMID- 3871587
TI  - A primer in the rheumatic diseases for east Tennessee.

PMID- 3871588
TI  - Histoplasmosis in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - This report describes the experience with disseminated histoplasmosis in seven of
      15 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnosed in
      Indianapolis since 1981. Three were homosexual, two were intravenous drug
      addicts, one was the spouse of another patient with AIDS and disseminated
      histoplasmosis, and the seventh was a hemophiliac. Six had associated infections:
      candidiasis in three, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, recurrent mucocutaneous
      herpes simplex infection, and disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection in two
      each, and disseminated infection with an unidentified mycobacterium in one.
      Clinical diseases suggested sepsis in four. Histoplasma fungemia occurred in
      five, but the diagnosis was established first by visualization of organisms in
      blood or bone marrow in three. Results of Histoplasma serologic tests were
      positive in each. Three died before receiving 50 mg of amphotericin B, three had
      prompt improvement with amphotericin B, and one was treated with ketoconazole to
      prevent dissemination. However, two of the three patients treated with
      amphotericin B had relapses after a 35 mg/kg course, and the third died within a
      month following therapy. Disseminated histoplasmosis is a major opportunistic
      infection in patients with AIDS from endemic areas. AIDS should be strongly
      considered in otherwise healthy persons with disseminated histoplasmosis,
      especially if risk factors for AIDS are present. Amphotericin B is not curative
      in these patients.

PMID- 3871590
TI  - Haemophilus influenzae causes purulent salpingitis.
AB  - We describe two patients with laparoscopically diagnosed, severe acute
      salpingitis who had nontypable Haemophilus influenzae isolated directly from the
      fallopian tubes. Nontypable H. influenzae should be recognized as an important
      genital pathogen.

PMID- 3871589
TI  - Aztreonam: the first monobactam.
AB  - A novel screening procedure led to isolation of the structurally unique,
      bacterially produced, monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics early in 1979. These
      naturally occurring "monobactams" were not clinically useful as antibiotics
      because of their poor antibacterial properties. They were, however, found to
      interact with certain penicillin-binding proteins of bacteria and thus to
      interfere with the biosynthesis of bacterial cell walls. The focus of monobactam
      development then turned toward increasing the binding activity of the beta-lactam
      ring of the molecule. Aztreonam was the first compound to emerge that fulfilled
      the objectives of the program. It is relatively inactive against gram-positive
      and anaerobic bacteria but is extremely effective against aerobic gram-negative
      bacteria, even in low concentrations. In addition, it is highly resistant to
      enzymatic hydrolysis by beta-lactamases and demonstrates a high degree of
      stability against plasmid-mediated gram-negative lactamases. With the
      chromosomally mediated beta-lactamases, on the other hand, aztreonam can act
      either as an inhibitor or as a poor substrate. It is unique in that it does not
      induce production of chromosomally mediated enzymes. Interference with normal gut
      flora by the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can result in decreased defense
      capacity and can lead to intestinal colonization by resistant pathogenic
      organisms. Therapy directed specifically against the invading pathogen is thus
      preferred. Such directed therapy is provided by aztreonam. Its narrow spectrum
      can, if necessary, be broadened by combining it with other antibiotics while
      continuing to maintain an alternative to the more generalized "shotgun" therapy
      with its attendant side effects such as disturbances of the natural gut flora,
      diarrhea, and the emergence of resistant bacteria.

PMID- 3871591
TI  - Fever-specific changes in central MSH and CRF concentrations.
AB  - The concentration of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (melanotropin; MSH) within
      the septal region of the brain increases during the fever, and septal injections
      of MSH are antipyretic. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), when injected
      intracerebroventricularly, is also antipyretic. Using sensitive radioimmunoassays
      of microdissected tissue extracts, we established the presence of immunoreactive
      MSH (IRMSH) and CRF (IRCRF) within discrete central nervous system sites of the
      rabbit. Leukocytic pyrogen-induced fever and hyperthermia due to heat exposure
      did not alter concentrations of IRMSH or IRCRF in tissue extracted from preoptic
      anterior hypothalamic or midbrain central gray regions. However, significantly
      greater levels of IRMSH were detected in septal extracts of febrile rabbits than
      in similar extracts from afebrile controls or heat-stressed animals. A
      significant decrease in IRCRF was detected in paraventricular nucleus extracts
      from febrile animals compared with extracts from afebrile controls or heat
      stressed rabbits. Our results support the hypothesis that these central peptides
      have a role in temperature control during fever. Since no changes were detected
      in extracts from hyperthermic rabbits, it appears that changes in concentration
      of these neuropeptides within particular brain regions are specific to the
      febrile state and are not caused by elevation of body temperature or by
      nonspecific stress.

PMID- 3871592
TI  - Albumin modulation of capillary permeability: test of an adsorption mechanism.
AB  - We investigated further the mechanism whereby albumin interacts with the walls of
      capillary blood vessels to maintain normal permeability properties. In
      individually perfused capillaries of frog mesentery, hydraulic conductivity was
      measured as the albumin perfusate concentration was first reduced in three steps
      from 0.1 to 0 g/dl (intermediate concns 0.01 and 0.001 g/dl), then increased in
      up to four steps to 1 g/dl (intermediate concns 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 g/dl). The
      albumin concentration required to return hydraulic conductivity toward control
      values, following Ringer perfusion, was at least an order of magnitude larger
      than that required to maintain permeability close to control values prior to
      Ringer perfusion. The experiments indicate that the affinity of albumin for
      binding sites on the capillary wall following Ringer perfusion is less than the
      albumin affinity for binding sites after the capillary has been perfused with
      solutions containing 0.1 g/dl albumin. Before the hysteresis of hydraulic
      conductivity on albumin concentration can be understood, the factors determining
      the transport of albumin into the membrane must be investigated further.

PMID- 3871593
TI  - A second case of mania associated with fluoxetine.

PMID- 3871594
TI  - Effect of lignocaine on pain caused by propofol injection.

PMID- 3871595
TI  - Total and IgE antibody levels following booster immunization with aluminum
      absorbed and nonabsorbed tetanus toxoid in humans.
AB  - Total and IgE serum antibodies to tetanus toxoid were measured in 32 healthy
      adults, 3-4 weeks following booster immunization with either plain or aluminum
      hydroxide-absorbed tetanus toxoid. Whereas no difference in the total antibody
      values was observed, the level of anti-tetanus toxoid IgE antibodies was
      significantly higher in the group boostered with the adjuvanted vaccine.

PMID- 3871596
TI  - Simultaneous measurement of serotonin and propranolol pulmonary extraction in
      patients after extracorporeal circulation and surgery.
AB  - To evaluate the use of markers of pulmonary endothelial cell function in humans,
      we simultaneously measured the pulmonary extraction of serotonin (SER) and
      propranolol (PROP) in patients before and after extracorporeal circulation (ECC)
      for coronary bypass surgery. No change was seen in SER extraction ratio after
      anesthesia, ECC, and surgery. Twenty-four hours after ECC and surgery, PROP
      extraction ratio was decreased by 11%. It remained low for as long as 5 days
      thereafter. A similar drop in PROP extraction was found in 6 patients 24 h after
      ilioaortic bypass surgery, without ECC (from 81 to 66%, p less than 0.01).
      Treatment of 11 other patients with a 30-min period of continuous positive airway
      pressure (CPAP), 24 to 48 h after ECC, resulted in a significant increase in PROP
      extraction ratio from 61 to 67% (p less than 0.01). Measurement of PROP
      extraction appears to be more sensitive than that of SER to lung changes related
      to postoperative atelectasis.

PMID- 3871597
TI  - Management of recurrent urinary tract infections with patient-administered single
      dose therapy.
AB  - In a randomized crossover trial, 38 women with recurrent urinary tract infections
      were assigned to use either continuous prophylaxis with trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole or intermittent self-administered therapy (single-dose
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole taken for acute urinary symptoms). The infection
      rate for patients on prophylaxis was 0.2 episodes/patient-year compared with 2.2
      infections/patient-year for patients on self-administered therapy (p less than
      0.001). Thirty-five of thirty-eight symptomatic episodes diagnosed by patients as
      infection were confirmed microbiologically, and 30 of the 35 infections responded
      clinically and microbiologically to patient-administered therapy with single-dose
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. No complications were seen in the 5 patients in
      whom therapy failed. The annual costs of prophylaxis and self-therapy were
      similar ($256 and $239, respectively) and both were less expensive than
      conventional therapy in women having 2 or more infections per year. In selected
      women, self-therapy is efficacious and economical compared with conventional
      therapy or prophylaxis.

PMID- 3871598
TI  - Staphylococcus saprophyticus as the cause of infected urinary calculus.

PMID- 3871599
TI  - Cerebellopontine angle meningiomas: clinical manifestations and diagnosis.
AB  - Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) meningiomas constitute about 1% of intracranial
      meningiomas. The clinical aspects of a series of 32 patients with surgically
      confirmed CPA meningiomas are analyzed. The most common symptoms at the time of
      the initial evaluation were from the eighth cranial nerve (unilateral hearing
      loss--24 patients, vertigo or imbalance--19 patients, tinnitus--11 patients), and
      the fifth cranial nerve (altered sensation--9 patients, facial pain--5 patients).
      On examination, the most common findings were absent caloric response (19
      patients), nystagmus (16 patients), diminished facial sensation (14 patients),
      ataxia (13 patients), reduced hearing (9 patients), and facial weakness (9
      patients). There was often a long interval from the onset of symptoms to the
      correct diagnosis of a tumor. Brain stem auditory evoked potentials, blink reflex
      testing, posterior fossa myelography, computerized tomographic scanning, and
      angiography were abnormal in all patients in whom the test was done, but all
      tests were not performed on all patients. Computerized tomographic scanning and
      angiography are important for definitive diagnosis and for planning surgical
      treatment. The histopathology of the temporal bone was studied in three patients
      with meningiomas in the region of the internal auditory meatus.

PMID- 3871600
TI  - Variations in hepatic progesterone 21-hydroxylase activity reflect differences in
      the microsomal concentration of rabbit cytochrome P-450 1.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody specific for cytochrome P-450 1 that extensively (greater
      than 95%) inhibits the hepatic 21-hydroxylation of progesterone was used in a two
      site immunoradiometric assay to estimate the concentration of cytochrome P-450 1
      in microsomes prepared from 24 individual, untreated New Zealand White rabbits.
      The progesterone 21-hydroxylase activities of these microsomes ranged from 0.2 to
      5.8 nmol min-1 mg microsomal protein-1. Scatchard analysis revealed similar
      slopes and thus apparent affinities between the antibody and microsome samples
      that varied greater than 10-fold in 21-hydroxylase activity. The maximal extent
      of binding of the antibody to different microsomal preparations was greater for
      microsomes exhibiting high as compared to low 21-hydroxylase activity, suggesting
      that the level of binding reflects the microsomal content of P-450 1.
      Quantitation was based on the extent of binding of the 125I-labeled monoclonal
      antibody to P-450 1 sequestered from a sample by a heterologous monoclonal
      antibody adsorbed to the wells of a microtiter plate. These results indicate that
      the microsomal content of P-450 1 varies from less than 0.05 to 0.5 nmol/mg
      microsomal protein. The microsomal content of this antigen as determined in the
      two-site immunoradiometric assay was highly correlated (r = 0.97) with
      progesterone 21-hydroxylase activity. Linear regression analysis was used to
      estimate the turnover number for progesterone in situ, yielding a value of 11
      nmol deoxycorticosterone formed min-1 nmol microsomal P-450 1(-1). This is
      similar to the value of 14 nmol deoxycorticosterone formed min-1 nmol-1 obtained
      for the reconstituted, purified P-450 1 used as a standard in the
      immunoquantitation assay.

PMID- 3871602
TI  - Effects of single-stranded DNA on circulating immune complexes in SLE sera
      detected by C1q solid-phase assay.

PMID- 3871601
TI  - Lymphopenia and abnormal balance of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in toxic
      epidermal necrolysis.
AB  - A lymphopenia (peripheral-blood-lymphocyte count less than 1,000/mm3) was
      observed in seven out of ten patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). The
      enumeration of T-lymphocyte subsets with monoclonal antibodies showed a decreased
      number of pan T-lymphocytes (OKT3-positive), which was related to a profound
      depletion of OKT4-positive cells. In contrast, OKT8-positive cell counts were not
      significantly changed. This abnormal balance of T-lymphocytes was linked to the
      acute phase of the disease and was not found after recovery. The pathogenetic
      mechanisms of such T-lymphocyte abnormalities in TEN remain unclear.

PMID- 3871603
TI  - HLA-DR4 in ankylosing spondylitis with different patterns of joint involvement.
AB  - Fifty patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) confined to the spine and
      sacroiliac joints were compared with 50 cases of AS complicated by various
      patterns of non-axial joint involvement. Radiological and clinical features were
      evaluated and HLA-DR4 typing was carried out. This antigen was found in 16% of
      200 normal individuals in 18% of patients suffering from exclusively axial AS,
      and in 54% of patients with additional purely peripheral joint involvement
      (wrist, finger, ankle, toe). The possibility that HLA-DR4 represents a non
      specific marker for peripheral arthritis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
      is discussed.

PMID- 3871604
TI  - Operative risk factors associated with unstable angina pectoris.
AB  - We performed a prospective study in 207 patients with unstable angina pectoris
      (UA) to identify factors associated with operative mortality (OM) and
      perioperative myocardial infarction (MI) from myocardial revascularization. The
      OM was 3.9% (8/207) and the incidence of MI was 11% (23/207). Clinical variables
      (age, prior MI, electrocardiographic evidence, symptoms, left ventricular
      function) and operative variables (incomplete revascularization, cardiopulmonary
      bypass time, cross-clamp time) did not correlate with OM or MI. Operative
      mortality was associated with critical triple-vessel disease, but not left main
      coronary artery disease, and accounted for seven of the eight deaths (P less than
      .01). Myocardial infarction was associated with elective surgery (22/167) as
      opposed to urgent surgery (1/40) (P less than .01). Therefore, patients with
      critical triple-vessel disease are the highest risk group for OM, and urgent
      operation seems to reduce the incidence of MI in patients with UA.

PMID- 3871605
TI  - Portasystemic shunting remains the procedure of choice for control of variceal
      hemorrhage.
AB  - We reviewed 108 patients (50% Child's C) who had been admitted with acutely
      bleeding esophageal varices to compare the efficacy of operative (portasystemic
      shunt) therapy with the reported efficacy of sclerotherapy. In the patients with
      shunts the early mortality (preoperative plus operative) was 13% and late
      mortality was 23%. Survival at five years was 50%. Recurrent variceal bleeding
      was seen in 4% of the patients. Procedure-related mortality and variceal
      rebleeding rates for the shunt group were respectively 50% and 8% of that
      reported for sclerotherapy. Variceal rebleeding in the sclerotherapy group
      required approximately 7 units of blood per episode. We concluded that immediate
      attempts at control of hemorrhage followed by portasystemic shunting remains the
      therapy of choice for these patients.

PMID- 3871606
TI  - Changing patterns of gastrointestinal bleeding.
AB  - This study, a retrospective analysis of 351 patients with acute gastrointestinal
      (GI) hemorrhage, was undertaken to define patterns of disease and age-related
      operative and mortality rates and to determine changes over time related to
      changes in management. One third (116 patients) of the admissions had bleeding
      esophageal varices. Upper GI hemorrhage accounted for 85% (N = 200) and lower GI
      hemorrhage for 15% (N = 35). Emergency surgical intervention was required in 90
      patients (38%), 40% of the upper and 29% of the lower GI hemorrhage patients.
      Benign ulcer disease accounted for 86% of the cases requiring emergency surgery
      and was treated with vagotomy and drainage and/or oversewing. Lower GI bleeding
      is seen in older patients; it has a lower operative intervention rate and a
      higher mortality. Stress bleeding as a surgical lesion has disappeared since
      1979. A more assertive policy for surgical intervention has decreased operative
      mortality for all age groups. Bleeding duodenal ulcers are decreasing in
      incidence while gastric lesions appear to be increasing. These population
      specific patterns, different from earlier periods, may have implications for
      training and patient management decisions.

PMID- 3871607
TI  - Photoaffinity labelling of androgen receptors with 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha
      [3H]methyl-4,9,11-estratrien-3-one.
AB  - The synthetic androgen 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-[3H]methyl-4,9,11-estratrien-3
      one (R1881) has been used as photoaffinity label to characterize androgen
      receptors in calf uterus and rat prostate. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      under denaturing conditions showed that the DNA-binding form of the androgen
      receptor in calf uterus cytosol is a protein with a molecular mass of 98 kD. In
      rat prostate cytosol an androgen receptor with a molecular mass of 46 kD could be
      photoaffinity labelled with R1881. The photoaffinity labelling procedure
      described here provides a method for studying the hormone binding domain of
      androgen receptors in partial purified preparations.

PMID- 3871608
TI  - Cigarette smoke decreases the rate constant for the association of elastase with
      alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by a non-oxidative mechanism.
AB  - This paper describes a non-oxidative impairment of the biological function of
      alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by cigarette smoke. Aqueous solutions of cigarette
      smoke are able to decrease the rate constant kass for the inhibition of porcine
      pancreatic elastase by human plasma alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. The value of
      kass decreases linearly with the concentration of smoke (from 2.2 X 10(5) M-1 s-1
      to 0.6 X 10(5) M-1 s-1). This effect is not due to an oxidation of the inhibitor.
      When pancreatic elastase is reacted with elastin in the presence of alpha 1
      proteinase inhibitor and cigarette smoke solution, elastolysis occurs at a rate
      nearly identical to that observed in the absence of inhibitor. This effect is due
      to a smoke-induced decrease in kass. These observations may serve as a model of
      biological regulation of proteolysis via a change in the rate constant for a
      proteinase-proteinase inhibitor association. The influence of cigarette smoke on
      the inhibition of human neutrophil elastase by alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor could
      not be studied in detail because the enzyme precipitates in the presence of
      concentrated smoke solution.

PMID- 3871609
TI  - Effects of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate injections into salamander rods.
AB  - Solitary rods were isolated by trituration of salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum)
      retinas. One barrel of an intracellular, double-barreled micropipette was used to
      record membrane voltage; the other barrel was used to pressure-inject inositol
      1,4,5-trisphosphate. The injection of inositol-1,4,5 -trisphosphate induced a
      reversible hyperpolarization of the rod membrane. Injections of inositol-1,4,5
      trisphosphate decreased the size of receptor potentials induced by dim lights.
      Conversely, light decreased the responses of the rod to injections of inositol
      1,4,5-trisphosphate. These results suggest that inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate
      might be involved in the modulation of rod membrane voltage during
      phototransduction.

PMID- 3871610
TI  - Unglycosylated rat alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor has a six-fold shorter plasma
      half-life than the mature glycoprotein.
AB  - The plasma half-lives of glycosylated and unglycosylated alpha 1-proteinase
      inhibitor-radioactively labeled with [35S]methionine in rat hepatocyte primary
      cultures - were determined in the rat. Unglycosylated alpha 1-proteinase
      inhibitor was synthesized by hepatocytes in the presence of tunicamycin. Media
      from hepatocytes containing 35S-labeled glycosylated or unglycosylated alpha 1
      proteinase inhibitor were injected into the tail veins of rats. At different
      times after injection alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor was isolated from plasma by
      affinity chromatography with anti-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor Sepharose.
      Radioactivity measurements revealed a plasma half-life of 170 min for
      glycosylated alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and of 30 min for the unglycosylated
      form of the inhibitor.

PMID- 3871611
TI  - A platelet factor that stimulates the proliferation of vascular endothelial
      cells.
AB  - The effects of platelet factors on the growth of cultured porcine aortic
      endothelial cells were studied. Human platelet lysate stimulated the
      incorporation of [3H] thymidine into DNA. Gel chromatography on Sephadex G-75
      revealed at least two peaks of activity on endothelial cells, the major peak
      being at an apparent molecular weight of 20,000. This activity was heat-labile
      and trypsin-sensitive, and did not stimulate the growth of fibro-blasts.

PMID- 3871612
TI  - The dependence of biliary methylmercury secretion on liver GSH and ligandin.
AB  - The biliary secretion of methylmercury was investigated in male rats which were
      given i.p. 400 mumoles/kg azathioprine or 96 mumoles/kg benziodarone 2 hr after
      the i.v. injection of 5 mumoles/kg MeHgCl. A group of rats were given 400 mg/kg
      trans-stilbene oxide (TSO) for 4 days before treatment with 10 mumoles/kg MeHgCl.
      A common link between these three compounds is their interference with ligandin.
      Azathioprine is a competitive inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase,
      benziodarone is covalently bound to ligandin and TSO is an inducer of liver
      ligandin. Although only azathioprine depletes liver GSH stores, both azathioprine
      and benziodarone inhibited the biliary secretion of methylmercury. As there is
      published proof that the reaction of MeHg+ with GSH does not require enzymatic
      help, the inhibitory effect of azathioprine and benziodarone confirms the role of
      ligandin in the transport of methylmercury or its GSH complex. However, the
      biliary secretion of methylmercury was increased only slightly by TSO
      pretreatment, but when 2 hr after the injection of MeHgCl animals received 2
      mmoles/kg GSH, secretion increased twice as much in TWO pretreated than in
      control rats. This indicates the dual dependance of biliary methylmercury
      secretion on liver GSH and ligandin.

PMID- 3871613
TI  - Effect of mefloquine on hepatic drug metabolism in the rat: comparative study
      with primaquine.
AB  - The effect of the new antimalarial drug mefloquine (MQ) on hepatic drug
      metabolism in the rat has been studied in vitro and in vivo using three different
      substrates, aminopyrine, ethinyloestradiol and tolbutamide. Comparative studies
      have been performed with primaquine (PQ). In vitro, both MQ and PQ inhibited
      aminopyrine N-demethylase activity and the concentration required to produce 50%
      inhibition was 0.2 mM for MQ and approximately 0.1 mM for PQ. Lineweaver-Burk
      plots indicated inhibition by both antimalarials to be non-competitive. Both MQ
      and PQ produced comparable inhibition of ethinyloestradiol metabolism in vitro
      with the percentage recovery of the major metabolite, 2-hydroxyethinyloestradiol
      being reduced from 49.3 +/- 10.8 to 5.1 +/- 3.1 (0.5 mM MQ) and 1.5 +/- 0.4% (0.5
      mM PQ, mean +/- S.D.). Following acute administration of MQ and PQ to rats (25 mg
      kg-1) recovery of hydroxytolbutamide the major metabolite of tolbutamide, was
      reduced. In the period 0-8 hr, MQ caused a reduction in recovery from 54.4 +/-
      3.1 to 9.3 +/- 3.4% and PQ from the control level to 32.2 +/- 14.1%. There is
      therefore clear evidence that MQ inhibits hepatic microsomal enzymes both in
      vitro and in vivo. The more pronounced effect of MQ in vivo, in comparison with
      PQ, is probably a reflection of differences in the kinetics of the two
      antimalarials. The range of substrates studied indicate a non-selective and
      widespread inhibitory effect of these drugs on oxidative enzymes.

PMID- 3871614
TI  - Sex steroids and the rheumatic diseases.

PMID- 3871615
TI  - Juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome. A clinical study of thirty-three patients
      and matched normal controls.
AB  - Primary fibromyalgia syndrome (PFS) is a common and characteristic rheumatologic
      condition manifested by diffuse musculoskeletal aches, pains, and stiffness
      frequently modulated by various factors, e.g., weather, physical activity, sleep
      quality, and anxiety/stress, and accompanied by discrete tender points at typical
      soft tissue sites. Although well-recognized in adults, this entity has not been
      reported separately in juveniles. This study documents PFS in 33 juveniles who
      presented at age 17 or younger and compares their findings with those in age- and
      sex-matched normal control subjects. As in adult PFS patients, associated non
      musculoskeletal symptoms were common, including fatigue, poor sleep,
      anxiety/stress, headaches, and paresthesias. Physical examination revealed
      multiple tender points at characteristic soft tissue sites and no objective
      evidence of arthritis. Routine laboratory test results were normal or negative.
      Juvenile PFS is often misdiagnosed. Recognition of this common rheumatologic
      condition in juveniles is important in order to avoid unwarranted investigations
      and improper management.

PMID- 3871616
TI  - Immunogenetic studies of juvenile dermatomyositis. III. Study of antibody to
      organ-specific and nuclear antigens.
AB  - Ninety children with definite juvenile dermatomyositis (JDMS), who had been HLA
      typed, were tested for the presence of tissue or organ-specific antibodies. Sixty
      had active disease at the time of study. The mean disease duration was 4 years,
      and 30 had soft tissue calcifications. The following autoantibodies were sought:
      thyroid, gastric parietal cells, smooth muscle, striated muscle, microsomes,
      mitochondria, DNA, extractable nuclear antigen, Sm, PM-1, antinuclear antibody
      (ANA), and rheumatoid factor. Only the ANA and PM-1 were more frequent in
      patients than in controls (P less than 0.0002 and P less than 0.001,
      respectively). Higher levels of immune complexes (P less than 0.01) were found in
      sera from patients with JDMS than in sera from controls and were correlated with
      the presence of ANA in patients (P less than 0.01). Soft tissue calcification was
      not associated with any autoantibody or HLA antigen, but with disease duration
      and activity (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.05, respectively). There was no
      association between the occurrence of any autoantibody and the presence of HLA-B8
      or DR3 among the white patients with JDMS. The frequency of autoantibodies in 43
      full siblings of children with JDMS was not increased. We conclude that children
      with JDMS, with or without HLA-B8/DR3, do not show evidence of a generalized
      nonspecific antibody response to tissue antigens. The significance of the
      increased antibody to nuclear antigens ANA and PM-1 remains to be determined.

PMID- 3871618
TI  - HLA-Bw35 and gold toxicity in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3871617
TI  - Ability to activate complement is not required for the detection of immune
      complexes by the fluid-phase C1q binding assay.

PMID- 3871619
TI  - Serum C1q levels in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3871620
TI  - Coronary artery bypass grafting and hyperlipidaemia.

PMID- 3871621
TI  - Intracardiac contrast echoes during transvenous His bundle ablation.
AB  - Two patients undergoing endocavitary ablation for resistant supraventricular
      tachycardia had cross sectional echocardiography performed during the ablative
      procedure. In both cases immediate opacification of the right heart cavities
      occurred at the time of the current discharge. The contrast effect was similar to
      that resulting from a peripheral venous injection of dextrose or saline during
      echocardiography for the diagnosis of intracardiac shunts. In one patient
      contrast echoes were also seen in the left ventricle. This contrast effect may be
      produced by gaseous release or blood element destruction. The risk of
      embolisation in patients undergoing endocavitary ablation, particularly on the
      left side of the heart, should be further evaluated.

PMID- 3871623
TI  - Reoperation for angina after previous aortocoronary bypass surgery.
AB  - A retrospective study was carried out of the outcome of 102 patients who
      underwent a second operation for myocardial revascularisation, necessitated by
      persistence or recurrence of intractable angina after their first coronary bypass
      procedures. Operative mortality was 2%. During follow up of the survivors (mean
      interval 36.4 months) five died, two after further operation, and five underwent
      further surgery. Sixty eight patients reported an improvement in their symptoms,
      57 of whom claimed to have little or no angina. Less favourable results were
      recorded for those patients reviewed with longer follow up. No useful indicators
      of prognosis were identified. The problem of angina in patients who have already
      received bypass grafts is likely to increase as more revascularisation surgery is
      performed. Reoperation offers a reasonable prospect of helping some of these
      patients, but not all will be suitable. Their long term prognosis remains
      uncertain.

PMID- 3871624
TI  - Comparison of propofol in emulsion with Althesin for induction of anaesthesia.

PMID- 3871622
TI  - Emergency coronary artery bypass surgery after intracoronary thrombolysis for
      evolving myocardial infarction.
AB  - Sixteen patients underwent emergency coronary artery bypass surgery immediately
      after intracoronary streptokinase infusion for acute evolving myocardial
      infarction. Of these, 11 patients had 70% residual stenosis in the recanalised
      vessel, and in five thrombolysis was unsuccessful. There were no hospital deaths.
      All the patients sustained myocardial necrosis, the peak activity of creatine
      phosphokinase correlating with the time to reperfusion. Chest tube drainage (mean
      960 ml) was significantly higher than for control patients but did not correlate
      with the total dosage of streptokinase. No patients had further myocardial
      infarction or developed recurrent angina. Selected patients may benefit from
      coronary bypass surgery after intracoronary streptokinase infusion. If necessary
      this may be performed immediately with low mortality and morbidity.

PMID- 3871625
TI  - Effects of submandibular sialadenectomy on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
      induced duodenal carcinogenesis in mice.

PMID- 3871626
TI  - Panniculitis associated with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and cytophagocytic
      histiocytosis.
AB  - A 36-year-old woman had a 6-year history of recurrent panniculitis with
      development of an angiocentric and angiodestructive cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
      (CTCL) of the helper cell phenotype. She subsequently developed a rapidly
      progressive fatal syndrome characterized by cytophagocytic histiocytosis and
      hyperlipidaemia. Cytophagocytic histiocytosis has previously been reported in
      association with panniculitis, malignancy and infection, but not with CTCL and
      the precise relationship between panniculitis, CTCL, cytophagocytic histiocytosis
      and hyperlipidemia is unclear.

PMID- 3871627
TI  - alpha 1-Antitrypsin deficiency in severe psoriasis.
AB  - alpha 1-Antitrypsin phenotypes and trypsin-inhibitory capacities were measured in
      fifty-one patients with psoriasis. An increased number of variant phenotypes (MS,
      MZ, and SS) were found only in those patients with severe psoriasis (20% or more
      skin involvement) and not in those with lesser involvement. The psoriatic
      patients with variant phenotypes had an earlier disease onset than those
      psoriatic individuals (both mild and severe) without this association. Protease
      inhibitors may play a role in modifying disease activity in psoriasis.

PMID- 3871628
TI  - Specific production of eosinophil colony stimulating factor from sensitized T
      cells from a patient with allergic eosinophilia.
AB  - To explore the possibility that an eosinophil colony stimulating factor (EO-CSF)
      is elaborated independently of neutrophil CSF (N-CSF), we compared the effect on
      the production of EO-CSF and N-CSF of adding a specific antigen, an aspergillus
      extract, to peripheral blood leucocytes of an eosinophilic patient with allergic
      bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Conditioned media prepared from the patient's
      mononuclear (MN) and T cells were assayed for EO-CSF and N-CSF activities by agar
      culture technique, using normal human nonphagocytic MN bone marrow cells as
      target cells. The addition of the specific antigen to the cultures of the
      patient's MN or T cells significantly stimulated the production of EO-CSF, but
      not that of N-CSF, while the patient's non-T cells and normal MN or T cells were
      not stimulated by the antigen challenge to produce either CSF. These results
      suggest that EO-CSF is a factor distinct from N-CSF, that its production is
      dependent on the presence of sensitized T cells with antigen-specific
      stimulation, and that it might be one of the causes of blood eosinophilia in this
      patient.

PMID- 3871629
TI  - Assay of factor VII activity by two techniques: evidence for increased conversion
      of VII to alpha VIIa in hyperlipidaemia, with possible implications for ischaemic
      heart disease.
AB  - Factor VII was assayed in healthy adults and pregnant women by a coagulation
      method (VIIc) and a procedure (VIIt) based upon activation of factor X. Although
      VIIc and VIIt were highly correlated (r 0.8) they apparently measured different
      aspects of VII activity. This difference was related to plasma lipid
      concentrations. Plasma VIIc showed independent positive associations in vivo with
      VIIt, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, but was unaffected by in vitro
      adjustment of plasma lipoprotein concentrations. The difference between assays
      might be due to differing reactivities of VII. The VIIc assay measures VII in its
      in vivo proportions as the single-chain protein and fully active double-chain
      form (alpha VIIa). In VIIt, all VII is converted to alpha VIIa before
      measurement. Thus an increase in VIIc but not VIIt with increasing lipid
      concentrations reflects an increased proportion of VII as alpha VIIa, possibly
      secondary to activation of the contact system. This effect may explain at least
      part of the increased VIIc and normal VIIt in pregnancy, and the increased VIIc
      of hyperlipidaemias in general. The relative values of VIIc and VIIt are proposed
      as a measure of flux within the coagulation system, and as a measure of
      coagulability in hyperlipidaemia and other states.

PMID- 3871630
TI  - T-cell mediated inhibition of erythropoiesis in transient erythroblastopenia of
      childhood.

PMID- 3871631
TI  - Differential effect of isolated placental isoferritins on in vitro T-lymphocyte
      function.
AB  - The effect of isoferritins isolated from human term placenta on certain T
      lymphocyte parameters was studied in vitro using normal human lymphocytes. These
      isoferritins differed in ion exchange affinity, isoelectric point, and subunit
      composition. Only the acidic isoferritins caused a marked suppression of
      phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) blastogenesis and the most acidic isoferritin ('Acid
      I') was suppressive at a concentration as low as 0.25 microgram/ml. All four
      isoferritins suppressed concanavalin A (Con A) blastogenesis in a similar
      concentration dependent manner, with maximum effect at an isoferritin
      concentration of 1 microgram/ml. Both basic and acidic isoferritins reduced the
      Con-A-capping phenomenon in normal lymphocytes at concentrations higher than 0.5
      microgram/ml, but at 0.25 microgram/ml only the acidic isoferritin was effective.
      The above findings support our previous report concerning the suppressive effect
      of splenic ferritin on T-lymphocyte function in vitro and indicate that acidic
      isoferritins, which often predominate in malignancy, demonstrate a higher degree
      of immunosuppressive activity. Thus, acidic isoferritins may play a role in the
      development of abnormal lymphocyte function encountered in certain proliferative
      disorders.

PMID- 3871632
TI  - Obstetric aspects of Gaucher disease.
AB  - The medical aspects of 21 pregnancies in 11 women with type I, non-neuronopathic
      Gaucher disease have been reviewed. One pregnancy ended in a spontaneous abortion
      at 12 weeks and two pregnancies in one patient resulted in two children with the
      Hurler syndrome which is unrelated to Gaucher disease. The other 18 pregnancies
      resulted in the birth of normal infants at full-term, four by caesarean section
      and the remainder by normal vaginal delivery. Only one patient experienced a
      significant exacerbation of her Gaucher disease during pregnancy. Fifteen of the
      pregnancies were associated with mild haematological complications but active
      intervention was necessary in only two instances. It can be concluded that there
      are few contraindications to pregnancy in women with Gaucher disease.

PMID- 3871633
TI  - Co-mitogenic tumor promoters suppress the phosphatidylinositol response in
      lymphocytes during early mitogenesis.
AB  - The tumor-promoting agents 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and
      phorbol-12,13-dibenzoate inhibited the increased accumulation of
      [32P]phosphatidylinositol (PI) induced in mouse spleen lymphocytes by mitogenic
      lectins in the presence of [32P]orthophosphate. Similar inhibition of [32P]PI
      levels by TPA was seen in human tonsil T-lymphocytes stimulated with
      phytohemagglutinin. Only co-mitogenic phorbol esters prevented the [32P]PI
      accumulation during early mitogenesis. No increased 32P-labelling due to mitogen
      or decreases due to TPA was observed when cells were equilibrated with
      [32P]orthophosphate for 24 h prior to stimulation with mitogen, from which it is
      concluded that the total concentrations of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and PI are
      unaffected by mitogen or co-mitogen. The [32P]PI elevation but not the [32P]PC
      elevation was proportional to T-cell mitogenic potency for the lectins
      concanavalin A, divalent succinyl concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin, and was
      prevented in each case by 5 X 10(-8) M TPA. Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide
      did not give increased 32P incorporation into PI or PC, and TPA had no effect on
      32P labelled phospholipid levels in the presence of this B-cell mitogen. The
      results indicate that the phosphatidylinositol response is not an invariable
      correlate of T-cell mitogenesis by polyclonal mitogens.

PMID- 3871634
TI  - Molecular species of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol
      in a phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T-cell leukemia line.
AB  - Addition of phytohemagglutinin to JURKAT cells, a human T-cell leukemia line,
      induced a rapid breakdown of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (and may also
      be phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate) and an accumulation of phosphatidic acid.
      The accumulation and disappearance of the various molecular species of
      phosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) in response
      to phytohemagglutinin was studied in JURKAT cells. The cells were prelabeled with
      [2-3H]glycerol for 2 days and 3H-labeled lipids were isolated from the cells
      after incubation for 2 min at 37 degrees C in the absence or in the presence of
      phytohemagglutinin. The isolated 3H-labeled lipids were separated into individual
      molecular species by reverse-phase HPLC after conversion to their 1,2
      [3H]diacylglycerol acetate derivatives either by acetolysis or by acetylation.
      Stimulation with phytohemagglutinin induced a 2-fold increase in [3H]phosphatidic
      acid. The molecular species of the accumulated [3H]phosphatidic acid consisted of
      polyenoic species, which were almost absent in the [3H]phosphatidic acid of the
      unstimulated cells. Stearoylarachidonoyl species of [3H]phosphatidic acid
      accumulated most prominently. Although an accumulation of [3H]diacylglycerol was
      hardly measurable in the phytohemagglutinin-stimulated cells, the HPLC analysis
      of the molecular species of [3H]diacylglycerol showed a 2-fold increase in the
      stearoylarachidonoyl species in the stimulated cells. Stimulation with
      phytohemagglutinin had almost no effect on the composition of molecular species
      of [3H]PtdIns. The stearoylarachidonyl species is the most abundant molecular
      species of PtdIns in JURKAT cells. These results suggest that the
      [3H]diacylglycerol moiety of [3']phosphatidic acid originates from inositol
      lipid(s). The results also suggest a rapid and preferential phosphorylation of
      the diacylglycerol formed by receptor-stimulated hydrolysis of inositol lipid(s).

PMID- 3871635
TI  - Functional role of lipid metabolism in activated T-lymphocytes.
AB  - Exogenous long-chain fatty acids are readily taken up by unstimulated lymphocytes
      derived from the thymus of calves or rabbits and esterified to complex lipids,
      primarily phospholipids and triacylglycerols. Compared to saturated fatty acids,
      unsaturated fatty acids are incorporated preferentially. Furthermore, unsaturated
      fatty acids are transferred from triacylglycerols to phospholipids. The transfer
      cannot be observed with palmitic acid. With regard to individual phospholipid
      species, oleic acid and linoleic acid are found primarily in phosphatidylcholine.
      Arachidonic acid, however, is transferred to phosphatidylethanolamine and
      phosphatidylinositol as well. This suggests an arachidonic-specific transfer
      between individual phospholipids. Stimulation of the cells with the mitogen
      concanavalin A results in an enhanced incorporation of the fatty acids and an
      enhanced transfer from triacylglycerols to phospholipids. Triacylglycerols may
      thus be regarded as a labile intracellular storage pool that may be activated
      upon mitogenic stimulation.

PMID- 3871636
TI  - Induction of ornithine decarboxylase in the liver and spleen of mice by
      interleukin 1-like factors produced from a macrophage cell line.
AB  - Injection of culture medium of P388D1 cells, a murine macrophage cell line, into
      mice produced a rapid induction of ornithine decarboxylase in the liver and
      spleen. The ornithine decarboxylase-inducing factor in the medium was purified by
      gel-filtration and chromatofocusing. With these procedures, the factor was
      usually found in the fraction of interleukin 1 (a lymphocyte-activating factor),
      indicating that the factor is identical with interleukin 1 or a molecule closely
      related to interleukin 1. The ornithine decarboxylase induction by the factor was
      suppressed by cycloheximide, but actinomycin D did not suppress the induction, or
      rather enhanced it. These findings may provide valuable information on the
      important roles of macrophages in immune responses or in inflammatory reactions.

PMID- 3871637
TI  - Effects of phosphorylation on the kinetic properties of rat liver ATP-citrate
      lyase.
AB  - Homogeneous rat liver ATP-citrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.8) was phosphorylated by the
      catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. In agreement with other
      workers, the maximum level of phosphorylation that we observed was approx. 2
      mol/mol of tetramer. Phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms of ATP-citrate
      lyase were prepared. Their kinetic properties were examined using an assay system
      in which the concentrations of Mg.ATP, magnesium.citrate and CoA were varied
      systematically at a constant concentration of Mg2+. The phosphorylated form had a
      two-fold higher Km for Mg.ATP than did the non-phosphorylated form, but no other
      kinetic differences between the two forms were detected. When ATP-citrate lyase
      was assayed at a concentration of Mg.ATP well below Km, it was found that
      phosphorylation of the enzyme correlated well with a decrease of approx. 50% in
      its activity. This is the first demonstration that phosphorylation can affect the
      activity of ATP-citrate lyase.

PMID- 3871638
TI  - Correlation of 19F-NMR spectra of halothane in rat tumor and non-tumor tissues
      with membrane alterations.
AB  - The membrane environments in normal and tumor rat tissue and the effect of
      hyperthermia thereon are studied with 19F-NMR spectroscopy of the general
      anesthetic halothane. Normal and tumor cell types are clearly differentiated by
      the halothane resonance. A hydrophobic environment prominent in tumor tissue is
      more sensitive to heat treatment than the corresponding environments of normal
      cells. Studies of extracted lipids suggest that this may be due in part to the
      considerable difference in lipid temperature response which exists between normal
      and kidney tumor cells.

PMID- 3871639
TI  - [Elimination of quinones from aqueous environments by phenols and the effect of
      their mixtures on the luminescence of Beneckea harveyi bacteria].
AB  - In the mixture of hydroquinone with other phenols the content of quinones has
      been measured by potentiometrical and polarographical methods. The decrease of
      quinone content in the mixture in comparison with the pure solution has been
      noted. The toxicity of solution estimated according to extinction of luminescence
      of bacteria at adding other phenols decreases.

PMID- 3871640
TI  - [Action of pilocarpine on the normal frog heart and in pathology].
AB  - Experiments on frogs were performed to examine the effect of the M-cholinomimetic
      pilocarpine on the heart. It was discovered that at concentrations of 10(-15)-
      10(-5) g/ml pilocarpine exerted only an adverse chronotropic effect on the
      perfused heart. When applied at a concentration of 10(-4) g/ml the drug produced
      a negative as well as a positive chronotropic effect. The latter occurred
      spasmodically (without progressive rise in the heart rate) in association with a
      slow heart rate. In some experiments such effects were preceded by a certain
      deceleration of the heart. In experiments with positive chronotropic effects,
      arrhythmias and sinoatrial dissociation were observed sometimes. Experiments with
      recording of the electrograms of the sinuses and lower parts showed that such
      effects were caused not by pacemaker acceleration but by the removal of the
      blockade of conduction, between the pacemaker and the atria. As far as the
      pacemaker is concerned, pilocarpine exerted only a negative chronotropic effect.

PMID- 3871641
TI  - The origin of ABH antigens on human platelets.
AB  - ABH antigens are present on platelets from individuals of the corresponding red
      cell phenotype, but the extent to which these antigens are intrinsic or adsorbed
      remains undefined. To evaluate platelets for intrinsic H substance, an IgM mouse
      monoclonal antibody against type 2H chain (the intrinsic H structure found on
      erythrocytes) was labeled with 125I and incubated with platelets from donors of
      different ABO type. The antibody showed dose-response saturation curves, and
      binding to platelets paralleled that of the red cell ABO type, with O greater
      than B greater than A1 greater than A1B greater Oh cells, giving a single factor
      variance F of 190 (P less than .0005). Passive adsorption of A antigens by
      platelets has been previously reported. To verify this phenomenon for A and B
      antigens and to quantitate the elution of A and B antigens from platelets, the
      following assay system was used. Platelets from group A1 and B donors were
      incubated in plasma from group O donors, and platelets from group O donors were
      incubated in plasma from different ABO, Lewis, and presumed secretor-type donors.
      Human IgG anti-A or anti-B was added to the platelets. The amount of antibody
      bound was determined with a 125I-labeled mouse monoclonal anti-human IgG. When
      incubated for 96 hours in group O plasma, group A1 platelets showed a 45% to 50%
      decrease in binding of anti-A. There was no significant change in the level of
      type 2H antigen on these platelets during the same incubation period. Group O
      platelets incubated in A or B plasmas rapidly acquired the antigens, but if
      returned to their original plasma, 95% of this passively adsorbed antigen eluted
      off within 18 hours. The maximum uptake of A and B substances was influenced by
      the Lewis and secretor type of donor plasma. Our present study demonstrates that
      ABH antigens on platelets consist of type 2H chains, which are presumably
      intrinsic as when found on red cells, and of passively adsorbed ABH structures,
      which are presumably type 1H chains.

PMID- 3871642
TI  - Hairy cell leukemia: a tumor of pre-plasma cells.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies defining B-, T-, and myeloid-restricted cell surface
      antigens were used to characterize the lineage and state of differentiation of
      tumor cells isolated from 22 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL). These
      tumors were shown to be of B lineage because they strongly expressed the B cell
      restricted antigens B1 and B4 and lacked T cell- and monocyte-restricted
      antigens. Moreover, the strong expression of the plasma cell-associated PCA-1
      antigen on the majority of hairy cells suggested that these tumors correspond to
      later stages of B cell ontogeny. Dual fluorescence experiments further confirmed
      that HCL splenocytes that coexpressed B1 and PCA-1 demonstrated both the
      morphology and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positivity of hairy cells. The
      observation that some hairy cells either spontaneously produce immunoglobulin
      (Ig) or could be induced to proliferate and secrete Ig provides complementary
      support for the view that HCL is a pre-plasma cell tumor. However, staining of
      hairy cells with anti-IL2R1 monoclonal antibody, which is directed to the T cell
      growth factor receptor and/or with the anti-Mo1 reagent, directed to C3bi
      complement receptor, distinguish these cells from currently identified B cells.

PMID- 3871643
TI  - Chromosomal aberrations in adult T cell leukemia: relationship to the clinical
      severity.
AB  - A chromosome study was performed in 18 patients with adult T cell leukemia (ATL),
      who were divided into three groups according to their clinical manifestations:
      nine had acute ATL, six had chronic ATL, and three had smoldering ATL. Mitotic
      cells were obtained from peripheral blood, lymph node, or bone marrow and were
      analyzed by the G-banding technique. In acute ATL, the chromosome number ranged
      from diploid or pseudodiploid to hyperdiploid; in the chronic type, from
      hypodiploid to hyperdiploid; but in the smoldering type, it was diploid. Eight of
      nine patients with acute ATL had trisomy 3 and/or trisomy 7, whereas none of
      those with chronic ATL exhibited these aberrations. Patients with smoldering ATL
      had a normal karyotype. The present findings indicate that the more aggressive
      the clinical course of ATL, the more complex the numerical and structural
      chromosome abnormality.

PMID- 3871644
TI  - Human bone marrow and peripheral blood T lymphocyte depletion: efficacy and
      effects of both T cells and monocytes on growth of hematopoietic progenitors.
AB  - The efficacy of four separate methods of human bone marrow T lymphocyte depletion
      was assessed, and the effect of T cells and monocytes on in vitro growth of
      marrow (CFU-GEMM, BFU-E, and CFU-GM) and peripheral blood (BFU-E) hematopoietic
      progenitors was determined. Extent of T cell depletion was assessed by
      multiparameter fluorescent cell sorter (FACS) analysis and by functional studies.
      Cells staining positively by FACS analysis for one or more of three separate
      fluorescent pan-T cell monoclonal antibodies (MCAbs) comprised 8.4% to 9.5% of
      control marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs). T cells constituted 3.2% to 5.1% of
      marrow following single, sequential, or combination treatment with two different
      pan-T cell MCAbs (Leu 1 and TM1) plus complement, 1.5% to 2.2% of marrow
      following solid-phase immunoabsorption ("panning"), 0.2% of marrow after sheep
      cell rosetting, and only 0.05% of marrow after FACS selective cell sorting and
      gated separation. T cells made up 59% to 73% of control peripheral blood MNCs and
      0.8% to 2.8% of peripheral MNCs following sheep cell rosetting plus treatment
      with Leu 1 MCAb and complement. Mitogen (PHA, Con A) and allogeneic MLC-induced
      blastogenic responses (stimulation indices, experimental/control or E/C) revealed
      a concordant decrement in marrow T cell function after MCAb plus complement (E/C
      of 3.9 to 9.0), after panning (E/C of 1.6 to 3.5) and after sheep cell rosetting
      (E/C of 0.7 to 1.3), compared with control marrow (E/C of 5.3 to 15.7). After T
      cell depletion, marrow BFU-E growth was 95% to 120% of control, CFU-GM growth was
      90% to 108% of control, and CFU-GEMM growth was 89% to 111% of control. Marrow T
      cell and/or monocyte depletion did not alter erythropoietin-dependent BFU-E
      growth in the absence of Mo-conditioned medium (81% to 95% of control), and the
      addition of as many as 50 to 100 X 10(3) purified marrow monocytes or T cells to
      10(5) autologous nonadherent T cell-depleted marrow target cells had a negligible
      (P greater than .1) effect on marrow BFU-E growth in vitro. Peripheral blood (PB)
      BFU-E/10(5) T-depleted target cells were 106% +/- 19% of expected; PB BFU-E
      growth was significantly diminished after monocyte depletion alone (7% +/- 6% of
      expected) or after monocyte plus T cell depletion (8% +/- 4% of
      expected).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3871645
TI  - Monocyte-derived recruiting activity: kinetics of production and effects of
      endotoxin.
AB  - Cultured monocytes release a factor, monocyte-derived recruiting activity (MRA),
      which stimulates fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and T lymphocytes to produce
      colony-stimulating activity (CSA). We studied the kinetics of MRA production
      using a technique in which MRA levels were measured in a two stage bioassay. We
      used umbilical vein endothelial cells as the MRA-responsive (CSA-producing)
      cells, and normal colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM)-enriched
      bone marrow cells (T lymphocyte- and monocyte-depleted, low density bone marrow
      cells) as the CSA-responsive cells. MRA stimulated a 30-fold increase in CSA
      production by endothelial cells. MRA production was detected in supernatants from
      as few as 10(3) monocytes per milliliter, required the presence of fetal calf
      serum, and was inhibited by cycloheximide (10 to 100 micrograms/mL) and puromycin
      (10 to 50 micrograms/mL). Production was detectable after 24 hours of monocyte
      incubation, was maintained for three days, and fell to undetectable levels by
      seven days. With the addition of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS])
      (50 micrograms per 10(6) cells), MRA was detectable after only three hours of
      incubation, and levels peaked at 24 hours. Further, maximum MRA levels in the
      supernatants of LPS-stimulated monocytes were up to ten times greater than peak
      levels in the supernatants of unstimulated monocytes. Endotoxin augmented
      monocyte production of MRA to a greater extent than it did CSA production,
      indicating that the stimulation of CSA production by endotoxin may be at least
      partly indirect. The responsiveness of MRA production to endotoxin in vitro is
      consistent with the notion that MRA may be a biologically relevant regulator of
      CSA production by cells of the hematopoietic microenvironment.

PMID- 3871646
TI  - Comparison of bleeding tendency, factor XI coagulant activity, and factor XI
      antigen in 25 factor XI-deficient kindreds.
AB  - The relationship of clinical bleeding tendency and factor XI antigen (XI:Ag) in
      factor XI deficiency was studied in 78 members of 25 factor XI-deficient
      kindreds. Factor XI:Ag was measured in a competitive radioimmunoassay, using
      monospecific, heterologous anti-factor XI antibody. 125I-labeled factor XI, and
      staphylococcal protein A as the precipitating agent. Deficiency of factor XI
      clotting activity (XI:C), less than 0.62 U/mL, occurred in 48 individuals, 22 of
      whom experienced postoperative or posttraumatic bleeding: Their mean factor XI:C
      was 0.21 +/- 0.04 U/mL (SEM), and factor XI:Ag was 0.23 +/- 0.04 U/mL. The
      remaining 26 had no clinical bleeding, many despite surgical challenge: Their
      mean factor XI:C was 0.30 +/- 0.04 U/mL, and factor XI:Ag was 0.34 +/- 0.05 U/mL.
      In all, 13 kindreds had between 1 and 11 members with bleeding; the other 12 had
      none with deficient hemostasis. Two heterozygous factor XI-deficient individuals
      appeared to be positive for cross-reacting material (CRM+). The slope of the
      regression line for factor XI:C and factor XI:Ag data points in the 78
      individuals tested did not differ from control, and all points fell within 95%
      confidence limits derived from control. In conclusion, bleeding tendency appears
      to be consistent within a given kindred and is not determined exclusively by
      factor XI:C or factor XI:Ag levels.

PMID- 3871647
TI  - T-lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients
      with aplastic anemia.
AB  - A decrease in the absolute number of total lymphocytes, OKT3+ and OKT4+
      lymphocytes, and a normal number of OKT8+ lymphocytes were found in the
      peripheral blood of patients with aplastic anemia. The OKT4:OKT8 ratio was
      decreased in patients due to a reduction in the percentage of OKT4+ cells and 3
      out of 18 patients had a ratio less than 1. The values of the OKT4:OKT8 ratio
      were not associated either with the severity of the disease or with treatment
      with androgens. There was no correlation between the OKT4:OKT8 ratio and the
      number of transfusions received by patients. On the other hand, studies performed
      with bone marrow lymphocytes showed that the OKT4:OKT8 ratio for both patients
      and controls was lower than that of the peripheral blood. Since the ratio of
      OKT4:OKT8 cells in aplastic and control bone marrow was similar no direct
      pathogenic role can be assigned to the marrow for the imbalance detected in the
      peripheral blood.

PMID- 3871648
TI  - Anemia in old age.

PMID- 3871649
TI  - Selective visceral angiography for unexplained acute gastrointestinal bleeding in
      a district general hospital.
AB  - Eleven patients are reported with unexplained gastrointestinal haemorrhage (GIH)
      presenting over a 2 year period in whom selective visceral angiography (SV A) was
      carried out after a negative endoscopy. SV A revealed the anatomical source of
      bleeding in all eleven patients and the aetiology in six of them. The latter
      comprised two tumours of the small bowel, an A-V malformation of the jejunum,
      enlarged pancreaticoduodenal vessels, angiodysplasia of the caecum and carcinoma
      of the rectum. Of the remaining five patients, four were seen to have active
      bleeding into the large bowel and one into the duodenum. Local surgical resection
      was carried out in nine patients, only one of whom rebled. There was one
      preoperative and one postoperative death. Experience with this technique has
      altered our management such that SV A is carried out sooner, saving the patient
      repeated admissions, investigations and transfusions. SV A is recommended as a
      pre-operative investigation for the surgeon managing acute unexplained GIH.

PMID- 3871650
TI  - Prediction of outcome following acute variceal haemorrhage.
AB  - In order to identify factors predicting survival following acute variceal
      haemorrhage, data were collected prospectively from 100 admissions in 70 patients
      managed by a standard policy employing oesophageal tamponade, injection
      sclerotherapy and, if necessary, oesophageal transection. Of the ten predictive
      factors identified by univariate analysis, only prothrombin ratio, serum
      creatinine and the presence of encephalopathy on admission were shown by stepwise
      logistic regression to have independent significance. The derived regression
      equation allowed clearer identification than conventional scoring systems of high
      and low risk groups and successfully predicted outcome in 90 per cent of
      admissions.

PMID- 3871651
TI  - Oesophageal manometry in patients with varices and following oesophageal
      transection.
AB  - Thirteen patients who had recently bled from varices underwent oesophageal
      manometry. A control group of 13 asymptomatic subjects were also studied. Seven
      of the thirteen variceal patients had manometry before oesophageal transection
      and repeat manometry at least 1 month following operation. A further group of 17
      post-transection patients also underwent manometry at a mean 27.6 months
      following operation. Comparison between variceal (13) and control subjects (13)
      showed that the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure, total length and length of
      the abdominal and proximal portions of the sphincter were similar in the two
      groups. Pre- and postoperative manometry (7) revealed a significant reduction in
      lower oesophageal sphincter pressure following transection. The total length of
      the lower sphincter was shorter postoperatively compared to the pre-operative
      length. Both the abdominal and the proximal portion of the sphincter were
      significantly shorter postoperatively. Comparison between post-transection group
      (24) and control subjects (13) showed that lower oesophageal sphincter pressure
      was significantly less following transection. Both total length and the length of
      the abdominal portion of the sphincter were significantly lower in the post
      transection group.

PMID- 3871652
TI  - Olfactory discrimination of structurally related molecules: receptor cell
      responses to camphoraceous odorants.
AB  - Electrophysiological investigations of the selective sensitivity of receptor
      cells have shown that odorants could be distributed into groups according to the
      profiles of responses that they elicited from a population of receptor cells. As
      the concept of odorant group plays an important role in the understanding of
      olfactory coding, an attempt was made to investigate in detail the group
      properties of a number of structurally and qualitatively related molecules: 1,8
      cineole, DL-camphor, borneol, iso-borneol, adamantane, fenchone, fenchyl alcohol,
      3,3,5-tri-methyl cyclohexanone, camphene, 1,1,2,2-tetra-bromoethane. These
      odorants, along with several other representatives of other odorant groups, were
      utilized to stimulate a set of 71 individually recorded receptor cells. Factor
      analysis of electrophysiological data demonstrated that the grouping of odorants
      with camphor could be predicted on the basis of the shape and size of the
      molecules. The analysis also showed that even a clearly defined odorant group
      such as the camphor group is not likely to be determined by a single type of
      receptor site.

PMID- 3871653
TI  - Miniature endplate potential amplitudes corrected for spatial decay are not
      normally distributed.
AB  - Miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) were recorded simultaneously with two
      intracellular electrodes placed in the muscle fiber near the ends of the frog
      neuromuscular junction (nmj). The MEPP amplitudes are different in each electrode
      and are not normally distributed. A method is proposed to correct MEPP amplitudes
      for spatial decay. The MEPP amplitudes corrected for spatial decay are also not
      normally distributed. When the class interval of the distribution is small,
      multiple peaks are observed.

PMID- 3871654
TI  - [A patient with urogenital trichomoniasis unsuccessfully treated due to
      resistance of the causative agent to nitroimidazole preparations].

PMID- 3871655
TI  - Harvesting the greater saphenous vein with a subcutaneous vein remover.
AB  - A subcutaneous vein remover has been developed to facilitate harvesting of the
      greater saphenous vein. The technique described is applicable only to the segment
      of saphenous vein above the knee. This technique was used in 19 selected patients
      without complication; however, intraoperative and postoperative precautions are
      necessary to prevent bleeding and injury to the vein.

PMID- 3871656
TI  - Deep brain stimulation for alleviating chronic intractable pain.
AB  - The authors present their 4-year experience with 18 patients who had deep brain
      stimulation. Most were referred because of chronic pain of varied etiology. All
      conventional modalities of management had failed. Both the paraventricular gray
      matter and the sensory thalamus were target sites. The 18 patients underwent a
      total of 21 implants. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 4 years with moderate
      relief of prestimulation pain in 14 patients (77%). Patients with failed back
      syndrome secondary to multiple disc operations fared well. Patients with pain
      secondary to progressive neurologic disorders or cancer had only short-lived
      benefits, while those with pain from cauda equina injury or vascular disease had
      a poor result. Deep brain stimulation appears to be an effective means of
      controlling chronic pain in selected cases.

PMID- 3871657
TI  - Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Analysis of factors relevant to the
      immunotherapy of human cancer.
AB  - Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells can be generated by incubating fresh
      peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in Interleukin-2 (IL-2). LAK cells kill fresh
      autologous and allogeneic human tumor cells in vitro. This study analyzes aspects
      of LAK cells that make them a promising candidate for the adoptive immunotherapy
      of human cancer. LAK cells can be generated from PBL of normal individuals and
      tumor-bearing patients. Pure, recombinant IL-2 generates LAK cells capable of
      killing a wide variety of tumors including sarcomas and cancers of the colon,
      pancreas, adrenal gland, and esophagus. Thirty-six of 41 (88%) fresh,
      noncultured, human tumor cell suspensions prepared from surgical specimens were
      lysed by LAK cells in a standard 4-hour chromium-release assay. Normal PBL were
      not killed. LAK cells can be expanded in vitro for periods longer than 2 months,
      potentially more than 10(20)-fold, while maintaining lytic ability. These results
      and the demonstrated efficacy of LAK cells in the therapy of murine tumors make
      LAK cells a candidate for clinical use in the adoptive immunotherapy of human
      cancer.

PMID- 3871658
TI  - Cytogenetic and immunologic phenotype findings in Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - There are very few chromosome studies using banding techniques of lymph nodes in
      Hodgkin's disease (HD), and determinations of immunologic phenotypes are scarce.
      We have performed both cytogenetic and immunologic studies in 12 of 22 lymph node
      biopsies of different histologic types obtained from 20 HD patients (no mitotic
      cells were found in the remaining ten lymph nodes). A near-diploid modal number
      was obtained in 80% of the cases, and 20% showed a bimodal distribution. Clones
      were observed in 50% of HD lymph nodes, with chromosome markers in 60% of them.
      Markers 15q+, 5p-, and der(X) and a trisomy of chromosome #21 were observed in
      our cases. Seventy-one percent of the lymph nodes studied showed a predominance
      of T lymphocytes. Within the lymph nodes, where the karyotype was determined,
      4/12 lymph nodes presented a predominance of B lymphocytes, and they were all
      included in the group with structural chromosome abnormalities.

PMID- 3871659
TI  - Comparison of immune status and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced tumorigenesis in
      brown--Norway and Fischer rats. Emphasis on splenic and colonic lymphocyte
      function.
AB  - Sym 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon tumorigenesis was studied in
      immunologically different strains of rat: the Brown--Norway which is known to be
      immunologically a low-responder and the Fischer a high-responder. Brown--Norway
      rats received a total dose of 75, 150 or 225 mg DMH/kg or vehicle and Fischer
      rats received 150 mg DMH/kg or vehicle over a 3-week period. Rats were killed 5
      months after the final treatment. Lymphocytes were isolated from the spleen and
      colon from rats treated with 150 mg DMH/kg or vehicle. Natural killer (NK) cell
      activity and the autologous mixed lymphocyte response (AMLR) as well as colon
      tumor incidence were compared between the two strains. Splenic and colonic
      intraperithelial lymphocytes (IEL) from the Brown--Norway strain demonstrated low
      NK activity and reduced splenic T lymphocyte proliferation in response to
      autologous non-T lymphocytes. As well, colonic lamina propria lymphocyte (LPL)
      proliferation was low and Brown--Norway rats had a low incidence of DMH-induced
      colon neoplasms (7%). In comparison, the Fischer rats had more effective splenic
      and IEL NK killing, enhanced splenic AMLR, enhanced LPL proliferation and a
      higher incidence of colon tumors (20%).

PMID- 3871660
TI  - Influence of genotype and the organ of origin on the subtype of T-cell in Moloney
      lymphomas induced by transfer of preleukemic cells from athymic and thymus
      bearing mice.
AB  - Thymus, spleen, and bone marrow of 1-month-old neonatally Moloney murine leukemia
      virus-inoculated mice have been transferred to 400-R-irradiated syngeneic
      recipients of the opposite sex. The donor or recipient origin of T-cell lymphomas
      arising in the host animal was identified by the sex chromosome marker. Spleen
      and bone marrow of athymic BALB-nu/nu mice contain cells with the potential to
      develop into T-cell lymphomas upon transfer to thymus-bearing BALB/c recipients.
      Such lymphomas arise from at least two subsets of T-cells, one terminal
      deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) positive and the other 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase positive. The enzyme-negative precursor T-cells from the BALB-nu/nu
      spleen and bone marrow can thus mature to enzyme-positive cells and give rise to
      lymphoma in the thymus-bearing recipient. Preleukemic spleen and bone marrow, but
      not thymus, from CBA and BALB/c mice regularly contained cells with the potential
      to develop lymphoma. The subset of T-cell involved was influenced by the genotype
      since lymphomas arising after the transfer of CBA and BALB/c spleens were TdT
      positive and 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase positive, respectively. In
      thymus-bearing mice, but not in nude mice, the transfer of preleukemic spleen
      cells gave lymphomas earlier than did transfer of bone marrow cells. This
      suggests that the more mature lymphoid cell population in the spleen of thymus
      bearing mice may allow leukemic transformation to occur more rapidly than do the
      less mature cells in the bone marrow. In one-third of the cases, the virus
      produced by the preleukemic cells transferred induced new lymphomas involving
      recipient host cells. These de novo-induced lymphomas were all TdT positive. We
      suggest that leukemic transformation of TdT-positive cells may occur through a
      different mechanism than does transformation of cells bearing the 20 alpha
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase marker.

PMID- 3871661
TI  - In vivo modulation of myelopoiesis and immune functions by maleic anhydride
      divinyl ether copolymer (MVE-2) in tumor-free and MBL-2 tumor-bearing mice
      treated with cyclophosphamide.
AB  - Treatment of normal or MBL-2 tumor-bearing mice with cyclophosphamide (CY) caused
      severe suppression of myelopoiesis and macrophage (M phi) functions, both of
      which may limit further use of chemotherapy. Additional treatment with the
      chemically defined biological response modifier maleic anhydride divinyl ether
      copolymer (MVE-2) was able to ameliorate the myelosuppressive effects of CY and
      to restore normal bone marrow cellularity. The stimulatory effects on
      myelopoiesis, however, could only be obtained by administering MVE-2 at greater
      than or equal to 3 days after CY, which correlated with an MVE-2-induced
      simultaneous increase in granulocyte and/or macrophage colony-stimulating factor
      secretion by bone marrow cells or M phi. Injection of MBL-2 tumor-bearing mice
      with MVE-2, at 3 days after Cy treatment, caused a decrease in tumor burden and a
      significant increase in median survival time as compared to treatment with CY
      alone. At the same time, MVE-2 induced an increase in the number of cytotoxic M
      phi and a complete restoration within the myelopoietic lineage, which might
      prevent delayed side effects of CY, such as secondary infections, and might
      permit more intensive chemotherapeutic treatment. Treatment of MBL-2 tumor
      bearing mice with MVE-2, at 6 days after CY, induced a significant increase in M
      phi cytotoxicity but did not prolong median survival time, probably due to a
      rapid regrowth of tumor after treatment with CY. Our studies thus show that
      successful combined therapy with the primary cytotoxic agent CY and the
      biological response modifier MVE-2 depends on precise timing of the drug regimen
      and is influenced by the extent and reversibility of CY-induced
      immunosuppression, as well as by the kinetics of recruitment of new effector
      cells from bone marrow and by the tumor burden present at the time of treatment.

PMID- 3871662
TI  - [Acute liver failure and severe cholestasis due to sulfonamides].

PMID- 3871664
TI  - Modulation of human natural killer cell activity by recombinant human interleukin
      2.
AB  - Recombinant human IL-2, secreted by yeast harboring a plasmid containing a
      synthetic IL-2 gene, is biologically active in augmenting human natural killer
      (NK) cell activity. A dose-dependent linear stimulation of NK activity was
      obtained against the chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K562 over the range 3
      to 300 units/ml of IL-2. Enhancement of NK activity was similarly demonstrable
      against the less NK-sensitive carcinoma cell lines LoVo and SKOSC. IL-2 could
      also be demonstrated to augment antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
      against SKOSC targets. IL-2 responsiveness segregated with a non-E-rosetting
      fraction comprising 11% of postfractionation lymphocytes and containing 94% of
      the recoverable NK activity, suggesting that IL-2 might operate directly upon the
      NK cell rather than through an accessory cell. This is believed to be the first
      demonstration of NK stimulatory activity by the product of a totally synthetic
      human IL-2 gene. The availability, purity, and NK-enhancing properties of the
      recombinant IL-2 make it a potentially important agent for clinical trial.

PMID- 3871663
TI  - Modulation of human blood lymphocyte cytotoxicity by the phorbol ester tumor
      promoter P(Bu)2: increase of target binding, impairment of effector recycling,
      and activation of lytic potential which is independent of IL-2.
AB  - Treatment of lymphocytes with the tumor promotor P(Bu)2 enhanced their target
      binding capacity. In the conventional 51Cr-release assay, the cytotoxic potential
      of lymphocytes pretreated with P(Bu)2 for a short time was reduced while after
      prolonged treatment their function was increased. The peak of lytic potential was
      attained after 15 hr of exposure. Comparison of the cytotoxic results obtained in
      suspension and immobilized conjugate assays suggested that P(Bu)2 treatment
      causes an impairment of the recycling capacity of lymphocytes. After prolonged
      exposure, the lytic machinery became activated as reflected by the reduced time
      elapsing after contact between effectors and targets and the delivery of lethal
      hit. The activation was also observed in the immobilized agarose assay. It was
      reflected by the elevated proportion of damaged targets that were bound to the
      treated lymphocytes. The P(Bu)2- and interferon-induced augmentation of lytic
      potential is achieved through different mechanisms. Combination treatment applied
      to the effectors in sequence (first P(Bu)2 followed by interferon), resulted in
      an additive effect. Similarly, simultaneous treatment with IL-2 and P(Bu)2 also
      gave an additive increase in cytotoxicity. Addition of antibodies directed
      against IL-2 did not abrogate the P(Bu)2 effect. Consequently, neither interferon
      nor IL-2 are involved in the phorbol ester-induced cytotoxic function.

PMID- 3871665
TI  - Erythrocyte-bound immune complexes trigger the release of interleukin-1 from
      human monocytes.
AB  - We have demonstrated herein that immune complexes (IC) bound to O+ human
      erythrocytes trigger the release of interleukin-1 (IL-1) from human monocytes in
      vitro. The efficiency of monocytes stimulation by erythrocyte-bound IC is in
      sharp contrast to the lack of stimulation of monocytes by soluble IC. The IL-1
      activity triggered by erythrocyte-bound IC was lower than that induced by
      insoluble IC or opsonized fluorescent latex beads, but was greater than that
      induced by anti-D-treated O+ human erythrocytes. The magnitude of IL-1 release
      induced by insoluble IC and erythrocyte-bound IC were similar up to 18 hr of
      incubation. The IL-1 activity decreased in the supernatant of monocytes exposed
      to erythrocyte-bound IC for 40 hr, while the activity of IL-1 induced by
      insoluble IC remained at a high level. The physiological and physiopathological
      significance of triggering IL-1 release by erythrocyte-bound IC are discussed.

PMID- 3871666
TI  - Augmentation of cytotoxic responses by prostaglandin E2.
AB  - The cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte activity in the spleen cells after in vivo
      immunization of C3H mice with allogeneic spleen cells ip was consistently very
      weak. Substantial cytotoxic responses were obtained, however, when prostaglandins
      (PGE2, PGE1, or PGI2) were injected ip together with or prior to the
      immunization. An augmentation of cytotoxic responses against allogeneic
      stimulator cells was also observed in mixed lymphocyte cultures which were
      provided with an interleukin 2-containing helper factor. This augmentation was
      observed when PGE2 was added at the start of the culture but not if added 1 day
      later. Indomethacin was found to be suppressive in these cultures.

PMID- 3871667
TI  - Human interleukin 1 mediates cartilage matrix degradation.
AB  - Human monocyte factors mediate cartilage matrix degradation by activation of the
      resident chondrocytes. In the present work, the cartilage matrix-degrading
      activity of partially purified human monocyte-derived interleukin 1 has been
      investigated. Human monocyte or blood mononuclear cell culture supernatants were
      sequentially purified by phenyl-Sepharose and gel filtration chromatography, or
      by gel filtration chromatography, isoelectric focusing, or chromatofocusing.
      Column fractions were simultaneously tested by the standard method that defines
      interleukin 1 activity--costimulation of mouse thymocyte proliferation--and for
      matrix macromolecule release from living bovine cartilage explants in organ
      culture. The two activities showed identical profiles in purification steps that
      would discriminate according to molecular size, hydrophobicity, and net charge.
      Moreover, the thermal denaturation profiles of the material purified by
      chromatofocusing could not distinguish between thymocyte proliferating and matrix
      degrading activities. These results suggest that interleukin 1 which is present
      in inflammatory synovial fluids may play an important role in the mediation of
      cartilage damage in chronic inflammatory arthritides.

PMID- 3871668
TI  - Advances in cardiology and escalating costs to the patient: a view from the
      government.

PMID- 3871669
TI  - Angiographic findings after myocardial infarction in patients with previous
      bypass surgery: explanations for smaller infarcts in this group compared with
      control patients.
AB  - The incidence of previous coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS) in patients with
      acute myocardial infarction admitted to our hospital has risen from 2.3% to 11.2%
      in 6 years. We compared infarct size and the angiographically determined cause of
      infarction in 52 control patients and in 52 consecutive patients with acute
      myocardial infarction at least 2 months after they had undergone CABS. Baseline
      characteristics were similar in both groups except for a higher incidence of
      preexisting Q waves in the post-CABS group (22 vs 10; p less than .05). Indexes
      of myocardial infarct size were smaller in the post-CABS group compared with
      those in control patients: peak creatine kinease (CK) level (IU/liter) 1113 +/-
      1094 (mean +/- SD) vs 1824 +/- 1932 (p less than .01), peak CK-MB level
      (IU/liter) 173 +/- 230 vs 272 +/- 332 (p less than .02), peak summed ST segment
      elevation (mm) 3.5 +/- 4.8 vs 8.2 +/- 9.9 (p less than .005), and QRS score on
      days 7 to 10, 1.9 +/- 3.0 vs 4.3 +/- 3.4 (p less than .001). Postinfarction left
      ventricular ejection fraction was higher in the post-CABS group (53 +/- 13%)
      compared with that in control patients (47 +/- 12%; p less than .05). The
      incidence of total occlusion of the artery to the infarct zone was similar in the
      post-CABS and control patients (33 vs 27), as was the incidence of one-, two-,
      and three-vessel disease (artery plus graft). Collateral blood flow to the
      infarct zone was found in 27 post-CABS patients and in 23 control
      patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3871670
TI  - Myocardial perfusion after aortocoronary bypass surgery: measurements at rest and
      after administration of isoproterenol.
AB  - This study examined quantitative regional myocardial perfusion (RMP) measured by
      the washout of 133Xe at rest and after an isoproterenol challenge in 50 patients
      (group I) studied 8 to 14 days after they underwent saphenous vein bypass
      grafting to the left coronary artery, and compared this with RMP measured in the
      native left coronary artery in 14 patients (group II) with significant coronary
      artery disease and in 12 normal subjects (group III). The double product of the
      heart rate and aortic systolic pressure was used as an indicator of demand. The
      statistical significance of group comparisons was analyzed with Dunn's multiple
      comparisons among means test. Analysis of the data showed no significant
      difference among the groups with respect to aortic systolic pressure. In subjects
      at rest, heart rate was lower in groups II and III than in group I, and double
      product was lower in group II than in group I. After isoproterenol, both heart
      rate and double product were lower in group II compared with groups I and III,
      but there was no significant difference between groups I and III with respect to
      heart rate or double product. Mean resting RMP in group II was lower than in
      group I; however, results of other group comparisons were insignificant for
      resting parameters. After isoproterenol, mean flow (ml/100 g/min) in group I was
      similar to flow in group III (130 +/- 24 vs 139 +/- 26). In contrast, the average
      flow response after isoproterenol was significantly less in group II when
      compared with that in group I (105 +/- 20 vs 130 +/- 24) and with that in group
      III (105 +/- 20 vs 139 +/- 26). Because of differences in levels of demand with
      isoproterenol, the change in flow was normalized to the percent increase in
      double product. These data showed results similar to those above, i.e.,
      normalized RMP in patients with coronary artery disease was significantly lower
      than that in normal subjects (82 +/- 41 vs 119 +/- 57) and in revascularized
      patients (82 +/- 41 vs 105 +/- 54). However, there was no significant difference
      between normal subjects and patients who had undergone surgery. To further
      evaluate the relationship of flow response to demand parameters, we plotted
      RMP/double product vs resistance. The data revealed a significant correlation
      between these variables in all groups both in subjects at rest and after
      isoproterenol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3871671
TI  - Particle-counting immunoassay (PACIA) of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein,
      a possible marker of various malignancies and Crohn's ileitis.
AB  - Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) was assayed by particle-counting
      immunoassay (PACIA) with a sensitivity of 1 microgram/L. In serum from 50 men,
      the SP1 concentration was less than 1 microgram/L, whereas three of the specimens
      from 46 nonpregnant women had values exceeding 1 microgram/L. In 29% of 950
      consecutive patients' sera, SP1 concentrations exceeded 1 microgram/L--in sarcoma
      (six of six), in malignant hemopathies (101/127, 80%) such as myeloma (20/26,
      92%) and acute myeloblastic leukemia (23/27, 90%), and in various other types of
      cancer (11/19, 58%) except for bronchial epithelioma, which did not lead to any
      significant increase of SP1 in the five patients examined. The concentration of
      SP1 was also frequently increased in patients with Crohn's ileitis (28/43, 65%)
      but not in patients with other inflammatory disorders.

PMID- 3871672
TI  - Unexpectedly low values for pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1): a
      possible explanation.

PMID- 3871673
TI  - Quantitative aspects of the T cell proliferation response to antigen P1 from D.
      pteronyssinus: suppression by added histamine and limited effects of basophil
      depletion.
AB  - We have recently shown that peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients
      sensitive to the house dust mite, D. pteronyssinus, will proliferate in vitro in
      response to the purified major allergen, antigen P1. Such cell populations,
      separated on Ficoll gradients, were shown to contain basophils, and had an
      average histamine content of 12 ng/10(6) cells. Incubation with antigen P1
      resulted in the release of histamine, and histamine is known to activate T
      suppressor cells. In the present experiments we observed up to 80% inhibition of
      proliferation (mean 50-60%) with histamine added at 3.3 X 10(-7)-3.3 X 10(-5) M.
      Cultures of T cells supplemented with irradiated non-T cells, that had been
      depleted of cells bearing surface membrane IgG, IgM and IgE, contained on average
      63% less histamine than unseparated cultures. However, no consistent difference
      in the proliferative response to antigen P1 was observed. Depletion of histamine
      by pre-incubation of the cells with antigen P1 at 10(-3)-10(-4) micrograms/ml
      followed by washing of the cells before culture also produced no significant
      change in the proliferative response. Passage of cell population over nylon wool
      resulted in depletion of basophils, as well as other cell types, and generally
      led to a decrease in proliferation. We conclude that release of mediators from
      basophils in cell cultures does not markedly affect the magnitude of the
      proliferative response to antigen P1. The varied responses seen with cells from
      different individuals are likely to reflect differences in the numbers of
      circulating allergen sensitized T cells.

PMID- 3871674
TI  - Naturally occurring antibodies to poly(ADP-ribose) in autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr
      mice.
AB  - The presence of antibodies to poly(ADP-ribose) was demonstrated in the sera of
      MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/l) mice by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
      Antibody to poly(ADP-ribose) was strongly inhibited by single stranded DNA
      (ssDNA) and poly(ADP-ribose), and less by double stranded DNA (dsDNA). Affinity
      purified anti-poly(ADP-ribose) antibodies bound more with immobilized ssDNA than
      with poly(ADP-ribose), and were significantly inhibited by soluble ssDNA,
      although poly(ADP-ribose) was the best soluble inhibitor. On the contrary,
      affinity purified anti-ssDNA antibodies bound best with ssDNA and significantly
      but less with poly(ADP-ribose); however, they were scarcely inhibited by poly(ADP
      ribose). These results suggest that similar antigenic determinants exist in
      poly(ADP-ribose) and ssDNA. It is conceivable, however, at the present moment
      that 'naturally occurring antibodies to poly(ADP-ribose)' in MRL/l mice are
      subpopulations of anti-ssDNA antibodies that react equally well with poly(ADP
      ribose) and ssDNA.

PMID- 3871675
TI  - Genetic studies on the skin lupus band test in New Zealand mice.
AB  - We found that the lupus band test (LBT) is frequently positive in the tail skin
      in NZB and NZB X NZW (B/W) F1 hybrid mice. Genetic mode of development of this
      positivity was investigated in female NZB, NZW, B/W F1 hybrid and B/W F1 X NZW
      back-cross mice and the incidences were 60%, 0%, 100% and 42% by 12 months of
      age, respectively. It was found that B/W F1 hybrid mice showed not only a higher
      incidence but also an earlier onset of LBT positivity than did the parental NZB
      mice. These findings suggested that a single dominant locus in NZB strain
      determines the appearance of a positive LBT and that this trait is to a great
      degree intensified by the involvement of NZW gene(s) in B/W F1 hybrid mice.
      Linkage studies indicated that the NZB gene is to some extent linked to H-2
      complex. In addition, there were significant associations between the LBT
      positivity and the appearances of anti-dsDNA antibodies and renal disease in B/W
      F1 X NZW back-cross mice. Thus, it is suggested that the NZB-LBT gene is the gene
      itself or closely linked, on chromosome 17, to that related in part to the
      occurrence of anti-DNA antibodies and renal disease. There was a lack of
      retroviral gp70 deposition at the dermo-epidermal junction in NZB and B/W F1
      hybrid mice, in that the gp70 is the predominant antigen in the immune complexes
      deposited in the diseased renal glomeruli.

PMID- 3871676
TI  - In vivo modulation of polyclonal activation of lymphocytes by SOAz, a
      cyclophosphazene derived drug. Prevention of murine glomerulonephritis induced by
      chronic injections of lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - The effects of a cyclophosphazene derived drug (SOAz), on the polyclonal
      activation of B lymphocytes induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have
      been studied in C57B1/6 mice. It has been found that this drug is able to inhibit
      the polyclonal stimulation of lymphocytes and a dose-dependent effect has been
      observed. The therapeutic effects of SOAz injected five times a week at 40
      mg/kg/day have been investigated in mice chronically injected with LPS (twice a
      week, 2.5 mg/kg/day) which developed an immune complex type of
      glomerulonephritis. A marked prevention of glomerular lesions and of deposits of
      IgM and IgG, and of the third complement component has been found in mice treated
      with SOAz as compared to not treated mice.

PMID- 3871677
TI  - Impaired production of interleukin-2 after surgery.
AB  - The capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) to produce interleukin-2
      (IL-2) was studied serially before and following operation in patients undergoing
      various surgical procedures. In patients who had major surgery, significant
      decrease in IL-2 activity was observed 1, 3 and 6 days after operation as
      compared to that before surgery, although there was no significant change
      throughout the post-operative course in patients undergoing minor surgery. IL-2
      activity returned to the pre-operative level by the 8th post-operative day.
      However, it remained significantly depressed 8 days after surgery in patients who
      had undergone major surgical procedures of more increasing severity. Distribution
      of T cell subsets, especially OKT4 positive cells, did not differ significantly
      from the pre-operative value throughout the post-operative course. However, the
      depressed production of IL-2 3 days after surgery could be abolished when
      adherent cells were removed from PBM by plastic adherence procedures. These
      results indicated that adherent cells, but not quantitative change in T cell
      subsets, might be responsible for the depression of IL-2 production after
      surgery.

PMID- 3871678
TI  - Maturation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells: correlation between the
      capacity of responding to T-cell factors in vitro and the stage of maturation
      reached in vivo.
AB  - Circulating malignant cells from 15 patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia (B-CLL) were examined by the electron microscope (EM) and tested for
      their capacity to produce immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules using endogenous labeling
      techniques in vitro. In agreement with previous observations, B-CLL clones from
      various patients could be subdivided in three distinct groups: immature (type 1)
      clones, that comprised mainly small resting lymphocytes which synthesized, but
      degraded Ig of the secretory type intracellularly; mature (type 3) clones
      consisting mainly of cells with an extended Golgi apparatus and numerous strands
      of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) that secreted Ig molecules; and clones (type
      2) at an intermediate maturational stage. When stimulated with T-cell
      supernatants that contained T-cell replacing factor(s) (TRF), type 3 and, to a
      lesser extent, type 2 clones differentiated further and secreted increased
      amounts of Ig. This maturation was not observed when type 1 clones were
      stimulated with the same supernatants. However, these cells were not incapable of
      further maturation since they could differentiate in response to phorbol ester
      (TPA). The present data reinforce the concept that different CLL clones undergo a
      process of maturation in vivo that may be arrested at different levels and
      demonstrate that the various clones respond differently to physiological stimuli
      depending upon the level of maturation already reached in vivo.

PMID- 3871679
TI  - IgM rheumatoid factor elaboration by blood, bone marrow, and synovial mononuclear
      cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) elaboration by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial,
      bone marrow, and blood mononuclear cells (MNC) is reported. IgM RF was prepared
      from RF-positive sera by sequential euglobulin precipitation, Sephacryl S300 gel
      filtration, and IgG-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Purified material, which
      contained no detectable IgG or IgA, was used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay (ELISA) to quantitate cellular elaboration of IgM RF. Excellent standard
      curves (r2 = 0.98) were obtained without nonspecific binding of samples or
      antisera to IgG-coated microtiter plates and without cross-reactivity of
      standards with antisera other than anti-IgM. We found RA blood MNC (11 patients)
      spontaneously averaged 15 ng/ml IgM RF (6% of total IgM produced), but elaborated
      254 ng/ml IgM RF following pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation (22 patients),
      exceeding that of 13 normal controls. Bone marrow MNC spontaneously (4 patients)
      produced 71 ng/ml IgM RF and secreted 78 ng/ml IgM RF with PWM stimulation (9
      patients). In contrast synovial fluid MNC (5 patients) spontaneously elaborated
      6652 ng/ml IgM RF, significantly (P less than 0.05) more than blood or bone
      marrow MNC; PWM-stimulated synovial fluid MNC (5 patients) produced 5472 ng/ml
      IgM RF. These observations confirm selective localization of activated, IgM RF
      producing cells to the rheumatoid synovial space.

PMID- 3871680
TI  - Angioscopic visualization of blood vessel interior in animals and humans.
AB  - The purpose of this study is to describe the use of angioscopes in flowing
      bloodstreams of animals and humans, to demonstrate the ability to precisely
      deliver laser energy to an intravascular target using visual guidance and to
      determine the information content and spatial content of angioscopy. Angioscopy
      was performed in 5 living dogs, 16 cadaver vascular segments, and 14 patients at
      the time of peripheral or coronary bypass surgery. Five canine femoral artery
      segments received angioscopically directed intravascular Nd:YAG laser
      irradiation. We were able to precisely direct the laser irradiation to
      predetermined intimal targets. Gross tissue injury varied from none to
      carbonization and vascular perforation, depending on incident energy. Using a
      variety of flexible fiberoptic endoscopes ranging in diameter from 1.5 to 3.7 mm,
      we were able to visualize intravascular structures including plaque, suture
      lines, venous valves, and thrombi in living patients. No patient incurred
      complications of any sort. We conclude that angioscopy using flexible endoscopes
      can be performed safely, can provide clinically useful information, and may
      provide a means for delivering visually directed intravascular laser irradiation.

PMID- 3871681
TI  - Coronary artery atherosclerosis observed in men over 14 consecutive years.
AB  - The incidence of cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction associated with
      ischemic heart disease has declined over the past 15 years. Whether this is
      associated with a decrease in the severity of coronary atherosclerosis is
      unknown. The extent of coronary atherosclerosis in men was determined by
      postmortem coronary angiography in 505 patients over an observation period of 14
      years. Patients were divided into those with ischemic heart disease (42%) and
      those without (58%). Mean coronary scores showed no significant trends over the
      14-year period in those without ischemic heart disease and for the last 10 years
      in those with ischemic heart disease. In those few patients evaluated early in
      the study with ischemic heart disease, a significantly lower coronary score was
      found compared to subsequent years. This study was performed during an era of
      declining cardiovascular death rates and a declining incidence of myocardial
      infarction, and suggests that this decline may relate to favorable changes in
      pathogenesis rather than to a decrease in extent of coronary atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3871682
TI  - Diet and the prevention of periodontitis.

PMID- 3871683
TI  - Diagnostic problems between oral lesions of Crohn's disease and Melkersson
      Rosenthal syndrome/cheilitis granulomatosa.

PMID- 3871684
TI  - Evaluation of ability of various agents to suppress mercury vaporization.

PMID- 3871685
TI  - Origins of aztreonam resistance.

PMID- 3871686
TI  - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics.

PMID- 3871687
TI  - The interdental bleeding index: a simplified procedure for monitoring gingival
      health.

PMID- 3871688
TI  - Immune responses in asbestos-exposed individuals.

PMID- 3871689
TI  - Iatrogenic fistula from the aorta to the left marginal coronary vein.
AB  - We report the first documented case of iatrogenic aortocoronary fistula to the
      left marginal coronary vein following coronary bypass surgery. Unique clinical
      data, findings from catheterization, and angiographic features are presented and
      compared with those in the seven previously reported cases of iatrogenic
      aortocoronary venous fistulae after coronary bypass operations.

PMID- 3871690
TI  - [Bacterial vaginitis. Microbiology, diagnosis, therapy and complications].

PMID- 3871691
TI  - Epiglottitis.

PMID- 3871692
TI  - The effects of hyperthyroidism on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in the rat.
AB  - The effects of hyperthyroidism on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis were
      investigated in the rat. Rats were given T4 twice daily by sc injection in
      amounts sufficient to raise circulating hormone levels 10-fold 4 h after
      administration. Thyroiditis was induced by immunization with rat thyroglobulin
      (Tg) in complete Freund's adjuvant, and the severity of the disease was assessed
      by comparison with saline-treated controls. Thymic and splenic hypertrophy were
      found in T4-treated animals, whereas lymph node wt decreased. The levels of Tg
      antibodies did not differ between animals given saline and those given T4, but
      the expected sustained rise in control animals was not seen in those treated with
      T4; in addition, there was a significant decrease in the amount of Tg antibody
      produced by in vitro culture of lymph node lymphocytes from T4-treated rats.
      Continuous T4 administration lowered the number of T cells in the circulation,
      but the number of phenotypically identified helper cells remained the same. The
      most striking effects of T4 were to ameliorate the intensity of histologically
      defined thyroiditis and lower the response of lymph node T cells to the
      nonspecific mitogen, phytohemagglutinin. These results show that excessive T4
      does not, as previously suggested, enhance the immune response in autoimmune
      thyroid disease: on the contrary, suppression is found with the dose and model we
      have used. In view of the magnitude of this effect, it is now important to
      identify the site of T4 action and investigate how this effect contributes to the
      autoimmune response in Graves' disease.

PMID- 3871693
TI  - Central modulation of immunoreactive arginine vasopressin and oxytocin secretion
      into the hypophysial-portal circulation by corticotropin-releasing factor.
AB  - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a potent ACTH secretagogue, has been found
      to exhibit many characteristics of central neurotransmitter/neuromodulatory
      substances. In this capacity, hypothalamic CRF might participate in postulated
      autoregulatory processes which regulate net secretion of adenohypophysical ACTH.
      We have examined the actions of centrally injected ovine CRF on the secretion of
      immunoreactive CRF, arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) into the
      hypophysial-portal circulation of urethane-anesthetized rats. Our observations do
      not support a short-term autoregulatory role for CRF. However, central
      administration of CRF was associated with a dose-dependent inhibition of
      hypophysial-portal concentrations of immunoreactive AVP and OT, suggesting
      potentially important central interactions among putative ACTH-regulatory
      factors.

PMID- 3871694
TI  - Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent fructose phosphotransferase system in
      Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. The coupling between transport and phosphorylation
      in inside-out vesicles.
AB  - The bacterial phosphotransferase systems are believed to catalyze the concomitant
      transport and phosphorylation of hexoses and hexitols. The transport is from the
      outside to the inside of the cell. An absolute coupling between transport and
      phosphorylation has however been questioned in the literature. We have tested the
      coupling by analysing the kinetics of fructose phosphorylation by inside-out
      vesicles of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. We conclude that fructose indeed has to
      enter the vesicle before it can be phosphorylated and therefore cannot be
      phosphorylated from the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. The Km of the
      phosphorylation reaction is 8 microM. The diffusion of fructose into the vesicle
      is a reaction that is also catalysed by the components of the phosphotransferase
      system. The undirectional flux from the cytoplasmic side of the membrane to the
      periplasmic side is a slow process with a Km of 4 mM and is rate-limiting over a
      large external fructose concentration range. In summary there is no
      phosphorylation without transport, but there is transport without
      phosphorylation.

PMID- 3871695
TI  - Melphalan treatment of human peripheral T cells promotes Ig production by B cells
      in vitro.
AB  - Human blood B lymphocytes were cocultured with autologous T lymphocytes which
      were pretested with melphalan or adriamycin in the presence of pokeweed mitogen
      (PWM). Melphalan treatment of the cells produced an increased secretion of IgG
      and IgM, whereas adriamycin did not.

PMID- 3871696
TI  - Early expression in (NZB X DBA/2)F1 hybrids of thymus dysfunction and abnormal
      antibody production inherited from the NZB parent.
AB  - NZB mice, DBA/2 mice and reciprocal F1 hybrids between both strains were studied
      from birth to two months of age for the secretion of a serum thymic factor,
      thymulin (formerly named Facteur Thymique Serique) and for spontaneous and
      antigen-induced immune responses: spontaneous splenic anti-2,4,6-trinitrophenyl
      (TNP) plaque-forming cells (PFC), spontaneous IgM serum levels, immune direct
      anti-sheep red blood cells (SRBC) PFC and immune serum antibody production to
      human gamma globulin (HGG) as well as susceptibility to tolerance induction by
      deaggregated HGG. An early decline of thymulin serum level was detected from two
      weeks of age both in NZB mice and F1 hybrids, the latter maintaining a level
      intermediate between that of both parental strains. Such a fall of circulating
      thymulin was associated to a decreased number of thymulin-secreting cells. F1
      hybrids and NZB mice exhibited at two and three weeks of age spontaneous anti-TNP
      PFC in the spleen, and increased IgM serum levels as compared to DBA/2 mice. When
      immunized at birth with SRBC or at two weeks of age with HGG, NZB mice and F1
      mice similarly exhibited a higher anti-SRBC antibody response, as measured 5 days
      later by PFC numbers, and a higher anti-HGG serum antibody production 2 weeks
      post-immunization, than age-matched DBA/2 mice. F1 hybrids tended to develop with
      age spontaneous and immune antibody responses lower than NZB mice but still much
      higher than DBA/2 mice. Conversely, after tolerization at birth with deaggregated
      HGG NZB mice but not the F1 hybrids produced higher titers of anti-HGG antibodies
      upon challenge than similarly tolerized DBA/2 mice. DBA/2 mothered and NZB
      mothered F1 hybrids did not differ for any parameter tested and no influence of
      the sex could be detected.

PMID- 3871697
TI  - Frequency and surface phenotype of human T lymphocytes producing interleukin 2.
      Analysis by limiting dilution and cell cloning.
AB  - In this study we have determined the frequency and distribution of interleukin 2
      (IL2)-producing cells and their precursors (IL2-P) in the two major subsets of
      human T cells. The two subsets were identified on the basis of their reactivity
      (or lack thereof) with anti-T4 or anti-T8 monoclonal antibodies. T4+T8- and T4
      T8+ cells were first isolated from peripheral blood T cell populations by
      positive or negative selection using the fluorescence-activated cell sorter, and
      then analyzed for total IL2-P and cytolytic T lymphocyte precursor (CTL-P)
      frequencies using a limiting dilution microculture system which allows clonal
      growth of every T cell. The results indicated that 50-60% of peripheral blood T
      cells consisted of IL2-P. In the T4+T8- subset (which represents 60-65% of all T
      cells) about 75% of the cells were IL2-P, whereas about 15% of T4-T8+ cells
      exhibited this functional potential. In contrast, about 3% and greater than 95%
      of T4+T8- and T4-T8+ cells, respectively, were CTL-P. Thus, these data provide
      direct evidence that there is no absolute correlation between the surface
      phenotype and the functional potential of human peripheral blood T cells.
      Moreover, it is evident from this frequency analysis that a significant
      proportion of T4-T8+ cells have a dual functional potential. IL2-P and CTL-P
      frequencies were also determined in T cell populations which had been activated
      in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture. The IL2-P frequencies in total T, T4+T8-
      and T4-T8+ MLC populations were 30, 45 and 10%, respectively. Comparative
      analysis of IL2 production and CTL activity at the clonal level confirmed that up
      to 20% of alloreactive CTL with the T4-T8+ surface phenotype were able to produce
      IL2 upon specific stimulation. This dual functional capacity was also observed
      among T4+T8- CTL.

PMID- 3871698
TI  - Function of alloproliferative T lymphocyte clones correlates better with their
      class II recognitive specificity than with their cell surface phenotype.
AB  - Alloproliferative primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) clones recognizing determinants
      associated with HLA-DR/Dw, SB, MB, or novel "SB-like" gene products were screened
      for their ability to suppress lymphoproliferative responses in primary and
      secondary mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), and for their surface marker
      phenotypes. Two nonsuppressive HLA-D specific PLT clones were OKT4-, OKT8+
      whereas all others possessed an OKT4+, OKT8-, Leu-8- phenotype. All clones
      secreted interleukin 2 (IL2) after specific stimulation. The eight PLT clones
      specific for "SB-like" antigens strongly suppressed MLC, whereas only one of 35
      DR/Dw-specific, and none of 20 SB-specific PLT clones did so. Suppressive
      activity of such PLT clones was not restricted by major histocompatibility
      complex products, was radioresistant (20 Gy), and was not caused by absorption of
      IL2 or by cytotoxicity of the cloned cells. Suppressive clones exerted their
      effects directly on proliferating T cells, as assessed by their ability to
      prevent growth of cloned PLT cells stimulated by B cell lines, and their ability
      to block primary MLC even when added 96 h after the start of the 144-h culture.
      Culture supernatants from suppressive, but not from nonsuppressive, PLT clones
      also strongly and nonspecifically inhibited lymphoproliferative responses. The
      suppressive factor(s) was not dialyzable, not sensitive to pH 2 or heat treatment
      and not cytotoxic. Thus, all T cell clones proliferating against novel "SB-like"
      but not SB antigens, as well as rare clones specific for D region determinants,
      possess powerful nonspecific suppressive activities dissociated from their
      "helper-related" OKT4+, OKT8-, Leu 8-, IL2-secreting phenotypes.

PMID- 3871699
TI  - Antibodies to surface IgM and IgD increase the expression of various class II
      antigens on human B cells.
AB  - Antibodies to surface IgM and IgD were found to induce increased expression of
      class II antigens on normal and neoplastic human B cells within 24 h of
      stimulation. Antigens associated with different class II sub-locus genes (DC, DR
      and SB) were all found to be increased as determined by monoclonal antibodies
      (Leu-10 and B 3/4 for DC, D 1/12 for DR and MHM4 for SB-associated antigens). The
      increased expression of class II antigens was selective as anti-immunoglobulins
      failed to increase expression of other surface antigens such as B1 and beta 2
      microglobulin. The effect of anti-mu and anti-delta could be blocked specifically
      by corresponding myeloma proteins suggesting that antibodies to surface IgM and
      IgD, respectively, were responsible for the effect observed. Moreover, antibodies
      to another surface antigen (B1) failed to induce such changes. Increased class II
      antigen expression appeared to be dependent on protein synthesis, and early
      changes in ion fluxes, but could not be elicited by membrane depolarization as
      reported in murine systems.

PMID- 3871700
TI  - The action of human C3 in soluble or cross-linked form with resting and activated
      murine B lymphocytes.
AB  - The third component of complement C3 has been implied in the stimulation of B
      lymphocytes to proliferation and maturation for Ig secretion. We have
      reinvestigated the extent of this activation with either activated or resting
      murine splenic lymphocytes in serum-substituted cultures. Human C3 was used in
      either soluble or cross-linked form. Soluble as well as Sepharose-bound or
      glutaraldehyde-cross-linked C3, over a range of concentrations, was inactive with
      resting splenic lymphocytes of (C57BL/6J X DBA/2)F1, C3H/HeJ and C57BL/6J nu/nu
      mice. However, lipopolysaccharide-activated spleen cells, enriched for B cell
      blasts, were stimulated by immobilized and cross-linked C3, while they did not
      respond to soluble C3. The extent of restimulation was comparable to that induced
      by lipopolysaccharide and resulted in both increased proliferation and maturation
      to Ig-secreting cells. The stimulation of the blast cells appears to be C3
      specific, since it can be inhibited by free C3.

PMID- 3871701
TI  - B cell growth factor activity of immunoaffinity-purified and recombinant human
      interleukin 2.
AB  - We investigated the effect of recombinant and affinity-purified human interleukin
      2 (IL2) on human B cell proliferation. Five X 10(4) nonadherent spleen cells that
      had been depleted twice of T cells were activated by 3-day culture with
      formaldehyde-killed Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain I (SAC) prior to addition
      of tested growth factors. Cultures were harvested 72 h later. It was found that
      both IL2 preparations led to optimal cell proliferation compared with a control
      supernatant obtained by 36 h phytohemagglutinin stimulation of spleen mononuclear
      cells. Moreover, the effect of such spleen supernatant on B cell proliferation
      correlated with the IL2 activity since its B cell growth factor activity (BCGF)
      was not greater than that of purified IL2 and no residual BCGF activity could be
      detected after absorption of all IL2 activity by the IL2-dependent cytotoxic T
      lymphocyte line cells. T cells, enumerated as E-rosetting cells as well as T3+
      cells, represented 0.2 to 2% of the cells recovered at termination of the
      cultures (day 6) and there were less than 1% E-rosetting cells in freshly
      purified or SAC-activated (day 3) B cell populations. Therefore, we conclude that
      IL2 is a growth factor not only for activated T cells but also for activated
      human B cells.

PMID- 3871702
TI  - B cell activation and adjuvant activities of chemically synthesized analogues of
      the nonreducing sugar moiety of lipid A.
AB  - Immunological activities of synthetic lipid A analogues (derivatives of 3-O
      tetradecanoyl D-glucosamine) were investigated. Compounds possessing a N
      tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl group with or without a 4-O-phosphoryl group
      exhibited both mitogenic and polyclonal B cell activating activities. Among
      these, the phosphorylated compound exhibited strong activity. 4-O-phosphorylated
      analogues with a N-tetradecanoyl group or 6-O-tetradecanoyl group in addition to
      N-3-hydroxyacyl groups showed no activity. All the analogues tested showed
      adjuvant activity, which was determined by augmentation of IgM antibody response
      against sheep erythrocytes. Relationship between chemical structure and
      biological activities is also discussed.

PMID- 3871703
TI  - Measurement of human erythroid burst-promoting activity by a specific cell
      culture assay.
AB  - A two-stage cell culture assay specific for human erythroid burst-promoting
      activity (BPA) is described. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were
      cultured in suspension with or without a BPA test sample for two days, then
      transferred to methylcellulose medium with added erythropoietin (EPO) and
      incubated for ten more days, and finally BFU-E-derived colonies were scored. An
      increase in number of colonies due to the presence of BPA was observed that was
      proportional to the concentration of BPA in the test sample. This response was
      linear with respect to number of cells plated between 2 and 5 X 10(5)/ml. The
      system was standardized with a partially purified human urinary BPA preparation.
      Dose responses to urinary protein preparations, plasma, and serum were parallel.
      The assay system was found to be nonresponsive to highly purified EPO and to
      bacterial endotoxin. It was determined that BPA action was confined to the
      suspension culture stage of the assay, while EPO presence was an absolute
      requirement during methylcellulose culture. In the two-stage assay optimal
      amounts of BPA caused up to 358% increases of BFU-E-derived colonies; the same
      amounts of BPA added to conventional methylcellulose cultures caused only up to
      54% increases over the number of colonies obtained with EPO alone. Plasma and
      serum BPA levels of hematologically normal and abnormal individuals showed no
      correlation with EPO levels and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations. This seems to
      rule out the possibility that BPA elaboration is regulated by oxygen availability
      or the amount of EPO circulating in an organism.

PMID- 3871704
TI  - Characteristics of colony-stimulating factor production by murine T-lymphocyte
      clones.
AB  - From a panel of cloned interleukin-2-dependent murine T-lymphocyte lines, several
      clones were identified that secreted high titers of one or more of the colony
      stimulating factors (CSFs): granulocyte-macrophage CSF, multi-CSF (or interleukin
      3), and human eosinophil CSF. These clones were used to examine the parameters of
      CSF production, including stimuli required, kinetics, serum concentration, and
      the cell dose and proliferative state of the clone. Maximal production of CSFs
      and interleukin 2 was stimulated by the lectin concanavalin A, which induced a
      burst of secretion over a 12- to 20-h period, during which all factors were
      released at similar rates. CSF production was not stimulated by interleukin 2 and
      occurred independently of clonal proliferation.

PMID- 3871705
TI  - T-cell regulation of erythropoiesis during acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - How and where erythropoiesis is maintained during advanced leukemic disease is an
      important and, as yet, unresolved question in hematology. To address the
      potential role of T-lymphocytes as cells that regulate CFU-E differentiation
      during leukemogenesis, an experimental model of disease has been developed in
      inbred Balb/c mice. Specifically, three-week-old Balb/c By mice were injected
      with murine sarcoma virus-murine leukemia virus-Moloney (MSV-MuLV-M), which
      resulted 6-8 months later in the development of immunoblastic T-cell sarcomas
      with a leukemic phase. Splenic T cells from either normal or tumor-bearing mice
      were assessed for their relative ability to modulate erythroid differentiation.
      Quantitatively, T cells, Ly1 or Ly 2,3 T-cell subsets isolated from tumor-bearing
      animals significantly enhanced erythropoiesis when compared with comparable
      normal T-cell subsets. These data suggest that the compensatory shift of
      erythropoiesis from the bone marrow to the spleen observed during leukemogenesis
      was facilitated by splenic T cells. In this circumstance, the enhanced
      erythropoietic function may be mediated by splenic T cells, which are selectively
      activated by virus.

PMID- 3871706
TI  - Regulation of human granulocyte function by products derived from murine tumors.
AB  - Murine EL-4 thymoma was found to produce a factor that activated antibody
      dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by human eosinophils and neutrophils. The
      eosinophil-activating factor had some properties similar to human eosinophil
      colony-stimulating factor in being heat stable, inactivated by 2-mercaptoethanol,
      and cochromatographing by gel filtration with a factor that promoted the growth
      of pure eosinophil colonies from human bone marrow. The neutrophil-activating
      factor from EL-4 was also heat stable but was not inactivated by 2
      mercaptoethanol and was found in two peaks on chromatography, neither having
      human neutrophil-CSF activity but one cochromatographing with mouse granulocyte
      macrophage CSF. EL-4 therefore secretes factors that activate two types of human
      granulocytes. Several other murine thymomas and macrophage cell lines produced a
      neutrophil-activating factor, the production of which could not be correlated
      with that of several other known lymphokines. Murine tumors produce factors that
      activate human granulocytes.

PMID- 3871707
TI  - Interstitial-vestibular interaction in the control of head posture.
AB  - Experiments were performed in cats to determine whether the head tilt following a
      unilateral lesion of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) can be attributed to
      removal of interstitiospinal fibers which have direct excitatory synaptic
      connections with ipsilateral neck extensor (biventer cervicis-complexus) and
      flexor (sternocleidomastoid, SCM) motoneurons. Unilateral INC lesions were made
      either electrolytically or reversibly by procaine infusion into the INC, and
      electromyographic activity was recorded bilaterally from biventer (BIV), splenius
      (SP) and SCM muscles. In both groups of lesions, activity of the ipsilateral SP
      and BIV was higher than that of the contralateral ones. When procaine was infused
      into the INC of awake cats, an increase of activity of the ipsilateral SP began
      before the cats presented the typical head tilt to the opposite side. Bilateral
      INC lesions caused dorsiflexion of the head. These results indicate that the head
      tilt resulting from unilateral INC lesions can not be explained by simple removal
      of the ipsilateral, direct excitatory interstitioneck impulses. When unilateral
      INC lesions were combined with hemilabyrinthectomies, cats that were given
      labyrinthectomies on the side opposite to the previous INC lesions showed very
      severe head tilt, whereas cats that received labyrinthectomies on the same side
      did not show obvious head tilt. Furthermore, it took a much longer time for the
      cats of the former group to compensate the head tilt than it took those that had
      single lesions of the INC or labyrinth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3871708
TI  - Compartments, domains and migration pathways of lymphoid cells in the splenic
      pulp.

PMID- 3871709
TI  - Excitation energy transfer in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides chromatophore
      membranes fused with liposomes.
AB  - The role of phospholipid in the structural organization of the light-harvesting
      complexes of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides was examined in photosynthetic
      (chromatophore) membrane vesicles fused with liposomes. Photochemically active
      preparations with progressive phospholipid enrichment up to greater than 15-fold
      were obtained by both polyethylene glycol- and acidic-pH-induced fusion. Their
      fluorescence emission at approximately 300 and 77 K was increased by 2-3.5-fold
      from the peripheral B800-850 antenna relative to that from the core B875 antenna.
      Up to 30-40% reduction in the efficiency of excitation energy transfer between
      B850 and B875 was also observed at 77 K suggesting a selective, phospholipid
      induced dissociation of a portion of the B800-850 from the rest of the light
      harvesting system.

PMID- 3871710
TI  - Occurrence of antibodies against gene products of the major histocompatibility
      complex in normal sera of diabetes-prone BB rats.
AB  - Natural antibodies were detected in normal sera of diabetes-prone rats of
      substrain dp BB/DK (19.5%), non-diabetes-prone ndp BB/PhiK (17.8%) and their
      ancestral randombred strain WOK (2.2-7.5%). These antibodies were haemagglutinins
      specifically reacting with antigenic products of the RT1.A region, mainly with
      products of RT1.Aa,d,f haplotypes. The possible causes of this unusual finding
      are discussed.

PMID- 3871711
TI  - Transformed Xenopus embryos as a transient expression system to analyze gene
      expression at the midblastula transition.
AB  - The onset of transcriptional activity during embryogenesis in Xenopus laevis is
      at the 4000- to 8000-cell stage (stage 8-8.5) and is referred to as the
      midblastula transition (MBT). Most exogenous circular DNA that is microinjected
      into the fertilized egg also is expressed at the MBT. The transformed Xenopus
      embryo at these early stages was used as a transient expression system in order
      to determine the effects of (1) promoter strength, (2) physical conformation, (3)
      degree of replication, and (4) a regulatory molecule on the expression of an
      injected gene coding for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase. This gene linked to
      a relatively strong promoter (SV40 early promoter -pSV2CAT), a weak promoter
      (adenovirus early promoter -pE3CAT), or in circular or linear form is expressed
      at stage 8-8.5 following injection into fertilized eggs. pE3CAT coinjected with
      the E1a protein (enhances the transcription of the E3 promoter) is also expressed
      at stage 8.5, but expression is enhanced 2-7.6 fold. These data suggest that the
      inhibition of transcription prior to the MBT could not be perturbed by either the
      presence of different promoters or a positive regulatory molecule such as the E1a
      protein.

PMID- 3871712
TI  - Arteriographic evaluation of postsurgical stomach.
AB  - Visceral arteriography was performed in 35 adult patients who had undergone
      various types of gastric surgery. Nineteen of these patients had presented with
      gastrointestinal hemorrhage at different postoperative intervals (4 days-23
      years). Arteriography showed the bleeding site in 14 (74%) and permitted its
      nonoperative control in 8 cases. Diffuse hemorrhage from the gastric pouch as
      well as localized bleeding from suture line, marginal or stress ulcers, and other
      sources were recognized. Arteriography was also crucial in the diagnosis of
      iatrogenic arteriovenous fistulas, telangiectasia in the anastomotic regions,
      inadvertently ligated arteries, and postoperative changes in the vascular
      architecture. Value and limitations of arteriography of the postsurgical stomach
      are presented together with a review of the pertinent literature.

PMID- 3871713
TI  - Complete healing of ulceration within a gastric leiomyoma.
AB  - A case of an ulcerated, bleeding gastric leiomyoma is presented in which a follow
      up UGI examination showed no evidence of residual ulceration within the tumor.
      Radiologists should be aware that it is occasionally possible to document
      complete healing of ulceration within a gastric leiomyoma and that conservative
      medical management may be an alternative when surgical resection cannot be
      performed.

PMID- 3871714
TI  - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in paralyzed and neurologically impaired patients:
      contribution of reflux esophageal disease.
AB  - The role of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and reflux esophagitis in the
      pathogenesis of gastrointestinal hemorrhage was assessed in 13 male patients with
      chronic paralysis or neurologic impairment. Nine of the 13 patients initially
      presented for barium meal examination to evaluate anemia, hematemesis, heme
      positive stools, or melena. Six of the 9 had radiographic evidence, confirmed by
      upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, of esophagitis with or without stricture
      without other upper GI tract lesions. Notably absent were antecedent symptoms of
      GER such as heartburn or dysphagia. Careful examination of the esophagus,
      although difficult, must be an integral part of the evaluation for anemia and/or
      gastrointestinal blood loss in paralyzed patients.

PMID- 3871716
TI  - The correlation of fine structure with endocrine function of ovarian follicle
      cells in tadpoles.
AB  - Electron microscopic study of the ovaries of metamorphosing Rana catesbeiana
      tadpoles stimulated by anterior pituitary implantation revealed striking
      alterations of several organelles in the follicle cells and oocytes when compared
      with the controls. Pituitary implantation caused activation of the follicle cells
      as shown by activation of mitochondria, voluminous Golgi complexes, mobilization
      of the lipid droplets, increased rough endoplasmic reticulum, and increased
      numbers of glycogen granules. Activation of oocyte mitochondria was also
      observed. These findings are discussed with respect to the correlation of the
      ultrastructure and endocrine function in the tadpole ovaries.

PMID- 3871715
TI  - Colonic hemorrhage from a solitary minute ulcer. Report of three cases.
AB  - Three patients with massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding are reported. In all
      cases, the bleeding source was localized by emergency selective mesenteric
      angiography. The histologic lesion found in the resected specimen consisted of a
      minute mucosal ulcer with an abnormally large eroded submucosal artery without
      evidence of true angiodysplastic changes. The clinicopathological picture is
      similar to the rare solitary stomach ulceration, described as "Exulceratio
      simplex Dieulafoy."

PMID- 3871717
TI  - Free radicals: the real culprits in aging?

PMID- 3871718
TI  - Proliferative response in solid culture of T cells from healthy aged subjects.
AB  - T lymphocytes from healthy aged subjects were challenged with 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA, a T-cell mitogen) in solid cultures and
      compared under the same experimental conditions to a group of younger controls.
      The aged cells showed diminished proliferation and incorporation of tritiated
      thymidine (3H-Tdr). However, when unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells or isolated T cells from the aged individuals were cultured in the presence
      of 2-mercaptoethanol, autologous erythrocytes or co-cultured with a non-T cell
      fraction, an increased proliferative response was observed. Our results suggest
      that the reduction in proliferative capacity of aged T cells observed in liquid
      culture is also elicited in solid conditions. However, under appropriate signals
      a TPA-susceptible T-cell subpopulation may contribute significantly in enhancing
      their in vitro response. This in turn would suggest that age-related cellular
      changes are intrinsic in nature and not fully reversible with potentiating
      factors.

PMID- 3871719
TI  - The effects of dietary brussels sprouts and Schizandra chinensis on the
      xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes of the rat small intestine.
AB  - After an initial equilibration period of 7 days on a semi-synthetic basal diet,
      male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for 2 wk on either the basal diet (controls),
      the basal diet containing 5% Schizandra chinensis or 25% Brussels sprouts, or on
      rat chow. One group of chow-fed rats was pretreated with 20 mg 3
      methylcholanthrene (3-MC)/kg body weight, 24 hr before they were killed.
      Microsomal and cytosolic fractions were prepared from small intestine mucosa.
      Microsomes were assayed for cytochrome P-450, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH),
      ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECD) and epoxide hydrolase (EH) activities, and for
      metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), Cytosols were assayed for glutathione S
      transferase (GST) activity. The largest increase in intestinal mixed-function
      oxidase activity over levels in the controls was seen in the 3-MC-treated group.
      However, EH and GST activities in these animals were not significantly increased.
      Increases in cytochrome P-450 levels and significant increases in AHH, ECD, EH
      and GST activities occurred in the rats fed Brussels sprouts. Rats in the S.
      chinensis group showed inhibition of AHH activity relative to controls, but
      increased activity of ECD, EH and GST. In the rats fed chow there were
      significant increases in the activities of all the enzymes assayed except GST.
      The percentage conversion of BaP to metabolites reflected the results of the AHH
      assay and the groups were ranked in the following order: 3-MC greater than
      Brussels sprouts greater than rat chow greater than basal diet greater than S.
      chinensis. The profile of BaP metabolites showed a larger proportion of the BaP
      diols and 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, and a smaller proportion of BaP-4,5-epoxide
      and the BaP quinones, for the Brussels sprouts- and S. chinensis-fed groups. The
      significance of these results is discussed in regard to the role of the small
      intestine as a mediator of toxicity induced by ingested chemicals.

PMID- 3871721
TI  - [Circulating immune complexes following long-term physical work].

PMID- 3871720
TI  - [Clinical rheumatology--still neglected. Structural problems unsolved--knowledge
      of physiopathology expanded--therapy research as a concrete task].

PMID- 3871722
TI  - [Effect of low frequency currents on pelvic floor muscles. An animal experiment
      study on the physical therapy of urinary incontinence].

PMID- 3871723
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of chronic non-viral hepatitis].

PMID- 3871724
TI  - Castleman's disease: more questions than answers.

PMID- 3871725
TI  - Geographical variability of alpha-1-antitrypsin alleles in China: a study on six
      Chinese populations.
AB  - Alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotypes of six Chinese Han populations (20 degrees-45
      degrees N. latitude) were determined. The frequency of allele M2 increases from
      North to South China. The north-south change of M2 appears to be mainly at the
      expense of alleles M1 and M3. Geographical variability of other variants was also
      observed. In the northern populations, the most common variants are M4 and
      Etokyo; in the southern populations, Pweishi, a variant which can not be
      distinguished electrophoretically from Pyasugi. These results form a distribution
      pattern of alpha-1-antitrypsin alleles in China.

PMID- 3871726
TI  - The alpha 1 antitrypsin variant PI WFINNEYTOWN in a family of Caucasian origin.
AB  - During a routine screening a slow moving variant PI WFINNEYTOWN was traced in a
      family of Caucasian origin. The variant is not identical to W SAL and W COL. W
      FIN was originally detected in an American family of different ethnic origin. It
      is suggested that heterogeneity exists at the gene level, which is not detectable
      with conventional methods at the protein level.

PMID- 3871727
TI  - Alpha-1-antitrypsin: frequencies of PiM subtypes and serum concentration in the
      Japanese population.
AB  - PiM subtypes were determined by isoelectric focusing of the sera of 746 Japanese
      at the age of 16-60 years. The gene frequencies were calculated: PiM1 = 0.7855,
      PiM2 = 0.1528 and PiM3 = 0.0617. The serum concentration of alpha-1-antitrypsin
      was measured by laser-nephelometric immunoassay of the sera of 284 individuals. A
      statistically significant difference (p less than 0.01) in the serum
      concentration was found between M1 (2.63 +/- 0.67 g/l) and M1M2 (2.39 +/- 0.59
      g/l).

PMID- 3871728
TI  - High and low responsiveness of bovine lymphocytes to Trypanosoma brucei in vitro:
      lack of correlation with resistance to trypanosomiasis.
AB  - Bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were stimulated to proliferate in vitro
      by live, irradiated or freeze-thawed Trypanosoma brucei, but not by the isolated
      variant surface glycoprotein. The optimal dose was 10(5) trypanosomes per 5 X
      10(5) lymphocytes in 0.2 ml. Maximal proliferation was at day 5. Of the 98 cattle
      tested, 36 were high-responders (stimulation indexes 20-104), 49 were low or non
      responders (SI 1-10) and 13 were intermediate. The responder status of individual
      animals did not change over a period of 1 year, nor did it alter following
      deliberate trypanosome infection. The stimulation was dependent on
      macrophage/monocyte type accessory cells, and this co-operation did not seem to
      be MHC restricted. Lack of stimulation of non-responder PBL did not appear to be
      due to the activation of suppressor cells. Accessory cells from non-responder
      animals could complement PBL from responders, but accessory cells from responders
      could not complement non-responder PBL. Responsiveness is therefore a
      characteristic of lymphocytes. Analysis of the surface markers of these
      lymphocytes or the blast cells generated in culture showed that they were a
      subpopulation of T cells, possibly TH cells. Analysis of PBL from 98 animals,
      which had been selected for trypanoresistance or trypanosensitivity under natural
      tsetse fly challenge, failed to establish a correlation between resistance and
      level of lymphocyte stimulation by trypanosomes in vitro.

PMID- 3871729
TI  - Soluble and immobilized anti-Ig antibodies in the regulation of LPS-induced
      lymphoblasts.
AB  - Anti-immunoglobulin (anti-Ig) causes suppression of secretion of immunoglobulin
      by LPS-activated pig B lymphoblasts. The cellular level at which anti-Ig
      influences immunoglobulin secretion has been investigated, using soluble anti-Ig
      which enters B cells, and anti-Ig immobilized onto acrylamide bead or plastic
      surfaces which can act only at the B-cell surface. Suppression of secretion only
      occurred with soluble anti-Ig, indicating that the intracellular processing of
      antibody after its complexing on the cell surface was necessary for suppression
      to occur. Immobilized anti-Ig acted as effectively as soluble antibody in
      activation of resting B cells into mitosis, showing that the activating signal of
      anti-Ig is received at the cell surface. Electron microscopy has shown that the
      block to secretion after soluble anti-Ig resulted from the accumulation of smooth
      membrane-bounded intracellular vesicles which, by immunofluorescence, contained
      immunoglobulin. The formation of vesicles was intimately associated with the
      intracellular localization of 125I-labelled anti-Ig which was used to follow
      cellular processing of anti-Ig.

PMID- 3871730
TI  - B-cell production and differentiation in adult rats.
AB  - The B-cell development in a group of rats was suppressed for the first 45 days of
      life by serial administration of rabbit anti-rat IgM and IgD antibody. Total or
      near total suppression of B lymphopoiesis was achieved. At 45 days, suppression
      was stopped by injection of IgM and IgD rat paraproteins. The sequence of B-cell
      and plasma cell development following suppression was assessed by
      immunohistological analysis of spleen lymph nodes and small intestinal lamina
      propria. The main findings are listed below. Complete reconstitution of B-cell
      numbers occurs within 8 days, at which stage germinal centres are also present. B
      lymphopoiesis in the red pulp of the spleen differs from that reported for bone
      marrow. Cells develop expressing surface sIgM and sIgM with IgA, but not sIgD.
      sIgD-positive cells first appear in splenic follicles 2 days after stopping
      suppression, but their appearance in lymph nodes is delayed until after 3 days.
      At this stage, sIgD-positive cells become apparent in the splenic red pulp. IgM
      plasma cells appear from day 4. IgA plasma cells in the gut appear in small
      numbers at day 6, and gradually increase to normal numbers by day 14. sIgG2c
      expression in the splenic marginal zone did not approach normal levels, even 2
      weeks after suppression was stopped.

PMID- 3871731
TI  - Effects of platelet-derived growth factor and epidermal growth factor on antigen
      induced proliferation of human T-cell lines.
AB  - When the serum content of tissue culture medium is reduced from 10% to 1%, the
      capacity of T cells to proliferate in response to antigen within that medium is
      dramatically reduced. Physiological concentrations of platelet-derived growth
      factor (PDGF) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) are able to partially replace the
      requirement for serum, in that they are able to increase antigen-driven T-cell
      proliferation at a serum concentration of 1%. Neither growth factor is mitogenic
      for T cells in the absence of antigen, and neither is able to act synergistically
      with T-cell growth factor (TCGF) or IL-2) in the absence of antigen. Antigen
      presenting cells (APC) pulsed with antigen in the presence of PDGF or EGF are
      able to stimulate antigen-specific T-cell proliferation to a greater extent than
      antigen-presenting cells pulsed in the absence of exogenous PDGF or EGF. Both
      growth factors increase the expression of MHC Class II antigens on antigen
      presenting cells.

PMID- 3871732
TI  - Interleukin-2 in vivo: production of and response to interleukin-2 in lymphoid
      organs undergoing a primary immune response to heterologous erythrocytes.
AB  - In this report, we describe experiments which demonstrate that antigenic
      stimulation in vivo causes the appearance of cells in both spleen and lymph node
      which secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2). Cells also appear in these organs which
      proliferate in response to IL-2. For these experiments, sheep red cells (SRBC)
      were injected into the spleens or footpads of mice, and cell suspensions from
      spleens or popliteal lymph nodes prepared at various times after antigenic
      stimulation. These cells were assayed for their ability to respond to IL-2, and
      their cell culture supernatants for secreted IL-2. The proliferative response to
      IL-2 steadily increased following SRBC injection to reach a peak at Day 2 for
      spleen cells and at Day 3 for lymph node cells. Maximal production of IL-2 was
      displaced from the maximal response to the lymphokine by peaking one day later
      for both organs. Our results strongly implicate the participation of IL-2 in the
      in vivo immune response and suggest the existence of in vivo regulatory
      mechanisms, which can control the time of IL-2 production and also the appearance
      of cells with receptors for IL-2.

PMID- 3871733
TI  - Dexamethasone suppresses concanavalin A-induced production of chemotactic
      lymphokines by releasing a soluble factor from splenic T lymphocytes.
AB  - Treatment of guinea-pig spleen cells with glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone
      (DEX), reduces concanavalin A (Con A)-induced production of chemotactic
      lymphokines (CLK), such as eosinophil chemotactic factor and macrophage
      chemotactic factor. The decreased CLK production is not caused by a direct effect
      of DEX on the spleen cells producing CLK, because Con A-induced CLK production is
      suppressed when the cells are cultured together with cell-free culture
      supernatants of the spleen cells which had been pretreated with DEX. A soluble
      suppressive factor, termed CLK-SF, with a MW of about 20,000, seems to be
      responsible for the suppression of both CLK production. CLK-SF is produced from
      DEX-treated T lymphocytes. CLK-SF probably exerts a critical role in the early
      stage of CLK production. In contrast, CLK-SF fails to inhibit Con A-induced
      lymphocyte proliferation, although DEX itself suppresses lymphocyte
      proliferation. This suggests that DEX suppresses Con A-induced CLK production by
      a different mechanism from that for lymphocyte proliferation.

PMID- 3871734
TI  - Role of nasopharyngeal colonization with and without bacteremia in the protection
      of infant rats against Haemophilus influenzae type b challenge.
AB  - Nasopharyngeal colonization of infant rats with Haemophilus influenzae type b was
      investigated by two methods of intranasal inoculation. After traumatic
      instillation of the bacteria, 100% of the animals became colonized, compared with
      75.5% of animals after atraumatic instillation. Among colonized rats,
      significantly more animals in the traumatic group developed bacteremia compared
      with those in the atraumatic group. Rats in the traumatic group had an onset of
      bacteremia at a mean of 2.6 days after inoculation compared with 7.3 days in the
      atraumatic group. The duration of colonization and bacteremia was the same in
      both groups. The majority of heavily colonized rats developed bacteremia compared
      with none of the lightly colonized rats. Thus, the development of bacteremia
      appeared to be related independently to both heavy colonization and traumatic
      instillation. Protection against intraperitoneal bacterial challenge with H.
      influenzae type b developed in rats that had been bacteremic; in the majority of
      animals, this correlated with the development of serum bactericidal activity.
      Protection and bactericidal activity were only rarely observed in nonbacteremic
      rats that had been either heavily or lightly colonized. The development of serum
      bactericidal activity was not related to either the duration or peak level of
      bacteremia. Thus, in this rat model, H. influenzae type b nasopharyngeal
      colonization without bacteremia did not appear to stimulate circulating
      antibodies that protected the animals against challenge.

PMID- 3871736
TI  - Effect of splenectomy on the development of experimental autoimmune
      encephalomyelitis in rats with different genetic background.
AB  - We studied the effect of total or partial splenectomy on experimental autoimmune
      encephalomyelitis (EAE) development in rats with different genetic background
      after immunization with guinea pig basic encephalitogenic protein in Freund's
      complete adjuvant. The operations did not affect some strains with a high
      susceptibility to EAE but may have reduced the EAE development in the Fischer
      strain, which shows only a weak susceptibility. In some hybrids and backcrosses,
      but not in others, splenectomy resulted in a clear-cut reduction of neurological
      signs of EAE. This effect may be ascribed to the elimination of contrasuppressive
      cell populations.

PMID- 3871735
TI  - Outer membrane proteins of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae and reactivity of
      paired sera from infected patients with their homologous isolates.
AB  - Normal human serum and acute or convalescent serum from patients infected with
      nontypable Haemophilus influenzae were tested for reactivity with electroblotted
      outer membrane proteins obtained from the homologous nontypable H. influenzae
      isolates. Of 12 patients, 8 had immunoglobulin G antibodies to outer membrane
      proteins from their own infecting nontypable H. influenzae isolates that were not
      present in normal human serum. Three patients had immunoglobulin antibody in
      convalescent serum that had been absent in acute serum, but no consistent outer
      membrane protein was involved in the sets of patient sera with outer membrane
      proteins examined.

PMID- 3871737
TI  - Evidence for circulating complexes containing IgE in patients with atopic
      dermatitis.
AB  - 18 out of 34 patients with atopic dermatitis were shown to have 5-32% of their
      serum IgE present in a high molecular weight (HMW) form (470,000 daltons). There
      was no simple correlation between the amount of HMW and the total serum IgE. The
      HMW peak was not affected by freezing and thawing the serum, but the complexes
      could be split by lowering the pH of serum fractionation. Some patients were
      tested sequentially on different occasions and although their clinical status may
      have altered during this time, there was no marked alteration of the HMW
      fraction. Results are compared with patients with raised IgE due to parasitic
      infections. Anti-IgE antibodies have been demonstrated in the HMW fraction.

PMID- 3871738
TI  - Gastric cancer risk in chronic atrophic gastritis: statistical calculations of
      cross-sectional data.
AB  - Relative risk (RR) and cumulative risk of gastric cancer (GCA) were calculated
      for different grades of atrophic gastritis (AG) of the antrum and body. Cross
      sectional data on the occurrence of AG in a representative population sample (371
      subjects), and Finnish Cancer Registry data on GCA were used in the calculations.
      The RR was increased significantly in severe AG of the antrum and the body (18.1
      and 4.6 times, respectively), but not significantly in the less severe grades of
      AG. As a risk factor, severe antral and body gastritis were independent of each
      other. The cumulative risk, i.e., the probability of contracting GCA within the
      following 10 years in age groups 50-54 . . . 70-74 years was calculated to vary
      from 2.3% to 9.3% and from 8.7% to 31.9% in severe antral AG and from 0.9% to
      4.5% and from 3.6% to 16.6% in severe body AG in males and females, respectively.

PMID- 3871739
TI  - Behaviour of dendritic reticulum cells possessing immunoreactive acid cysteine
      proteinase inhibitor in human lymphoid secondary follicles and in follicular
      centre cell lymphomas.
AB  - In our previous studies acid cysteine-proteinase inhibitor (ACPI) was shown to be
      a common characteristic of human squamous epithelia and dendritic reticulum cells
      (DRC) in lymphoid secondary follicles. In the present study, the behaviour of
      ACPI-immunoreactive DRC in reactive lymphoid secondary follicles and neoplastic
      follicles of follicular-centre cell (FCC) lymphomas was compared by the
      peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. The secondary follicles in reactive lymphoid
      tissues revealed a staining pattern characteristic of DRC comparable with the
      results of other studies. Contrary to this, the number of ACPI-positive DRC in
      the neoplastic lymphoid follicles was greatly reduced. This was occasionally
      accompanied by a weak reaction and in many cases the DRC were totally abolished.
      Moreover, morphological aberrations were observed in ACPI-positive DRC,
      especially diminution and shortening of dendritic processes. On occasion, ACPI
      positive cell types were observed, which may represent intermediate forms between
      DRC and fibroblastic reticulum cells. Only one case--with a rather favourable
      clinical outcome (out of 41 follicular FCC lymphomas) exhibited an ACPI-positive
      DRC pattern comparable with that of reactive lymphoid follicles. Thus it seems
      that the ACPI-immunohistochemistry of DRC provides an additional tool for
      discerning the difference between reactive and neoplastic lymphoid follicles.
      This method is of particular value since it can be used with formalin-fixed,
      paraffin-embedded tissues. There was a tendency among the follicular FCC lymphoma
      patients towards a better survival rate for those with ACPI-positive DRC than for
      those lacking this cell type, although no statistically significant differences
      emerged from this limited material.

PMID- 3871740
TI  - The future of computed tomography for the evaluation of ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 3871741
TI  - Enhanced cell killing, inhibition of recovery from potentially lethal damage and
      increased mutation frequency by 3-aminobenzamide in Chinese hamster V79 cells
      exposed to X-rays.
AB  - X-ray induced potentially lethal damage and its inhibition by the aromatic amide
      3-aminobenzamide have been investigated in Chinese hamster V79 cells. 3
      Aminobenzamide (3-AB) is a known inhibitor of polyadenosine diphosphoribose
      synthetase. With increasing concentrations of 3-AB an increasing inhibition of
      PLD repair was observed. Little inhibition of PLD repair was seen when 3-AB was
      added 3 h following irradiation. Utilizing the 6-thioguanine mutation assay, the
      effect of poly(ADP-R) synthetase inhibition under conditions of PLD repair upon
      mutation frequency were also studied. A large increase in mutation frequency
      following 24 h post-irradiation recovery in the presence of 3-AB was seen. These
      results favour a possible role of 3-AB in preventing repair by facilitating early
      damage fixation before repair can occur, simultaneously reducing G2-arrest.

PMID- 3871742
TI  - Differences in sensitivity between human, mouse and Chinese hamster cells to
      killing by monochromatic ultraviolet light.
AB  - Irradiation of human (IMR-91), mouse (10T1/2) and Chinese hamster (V79)
      fibroblasts with monochromatic ultraviolet light (u.v.) in the far-, mid-, and
      near-u.v. regions resulted in cell-strain-specific changes in sensitivity as a
      function of the wavelength used. The data suggested cell-strain-specific action
      spectra for cell killing by ultraviolet light that did not correlate with the
      ability of examined cells to excise pyrimidine dimers.

PMID- 3871744
TI  - The relationship between heating time and temperature for rat tail necrosis with
      and without occlusion of the blood supply.
AB  - The relationship between time of heating and temperature has been investigated
      for necrosis resulting in the loss of distal vertebrae in the rat tail. The study
      was made in both normal conditions and with the blood supply to the tail
      occluded. In normal conditions there was a transition in the isoeffect
      relationship close to 42.5 degrees C. Above this temperature a 1 degree C change
      was equivalent to a change in heating time by a factor of 1.95 +/- 0.01; below
      42.5 degrees C the factor increased to 8.1 +/- 0.3. When the tail blood supply
      was occluded by a clamp the factor was 1.86 +/- 0.01 at temperatures above 42
      degrees C and the tissue was considerably more sensitive to hyperthermia. The
      factor decreased to 1.3 +/- 0.01 at lower temperatures so that the difference in
      sensitivity between normal and clamped tissue markedly increased with increasing
      heating time. The results are interpreted in terms of decreased pH resulting from
      occlusion of the blood supply which renders the tissue more sensitive. The
      transition in the isoeffect relationship for normal tails is thought to result
      from the induction of thermal tolerance and is eliminated when the blood supply
      is occluded. The result is clearly relevant to the heat treatment of regions of
      tumours with poor blood supply.

PMID- 3871743
TI  - Heat-induced alterations in DNA polymerase activity of HeLa cells and of isolated
      nuclei. Relation to cell survival.
AB  - The activity of DNA polymerase alpha and beta was assayed in heated HeLa S3 cells
      as well as in nuclei isolated from these cells. The enzyme activity as measured
      in cells and in nuclei has been compared with the extent of cell survival after
      the different hyperthermic doses. It was found that although the activity of the
      cellular DNA polymerases was related to cell survival after single heat doses, no
      correlation was found when thermotolerant cells were heated. When the activity of
      the DNA polymerases was determined in nuclei isolated from non-heated and heated
      cells, more polymerase activity was found in the nuclei of the heated cells.
      However, the heat sensitivity of DNA polymerase activity was the same for nuclei
      isolated from control, pre-heated and thermotolerant cells. Heat protection of
      polymerase activity by erythritol and sensitization by procaine was found when
      cells, but not when nuclei, were heated in the presence of these modifiers. It is
      concluded that (the nuclear bound) DNA polymerases are not to be considered as
      key enzymes in cellular heat sensitivity of HeLa S3 cells.

PMID- 3871745
TI  - DNA strand breaks induced by low-energy heavy ions.
AB  - The DNA unwinding method was used to estimate DNA breakage in Chinese hamster
      cells exposed to heavy ions with LET in the range of 750-5000 keV/micron.
      Comparison of the primary induced unwinding rate per dose unit for ions with
      various track diameters but similar LET showed a pronounced influence on the
      track diameter. Low-energy ions, producing thin tracks with diameters (penumbra)
      in the submicrometer region, were almost two orders of magnitude less efficient
      than more energetic ions producing tracks with diameters of several micrometers
      and about three orders of magnitude less efficient than X-rays. For the thin
      tracks, clustering of breaks was indicated by comparison of the DNA unwinding
      rates in two different alkaline solutions. The results indicate that the
      unwinding rate cannot be used as a good measurement for DNA breaks in this case.
      The residual unwinding remaining after 4 h of repair at 37 degrees C correlated
      well with the ability of the various ions to produce cell-killing.

PMID- 3871746
TI  - Radiation-induced crosslinks between thymine and phenylalanine.
AB  - OH radicals generated by ionizing radiation in aqueous solutions of thymine (T)
      and phenylalanine (Phe) induce crosslinking between thymine and phenylalanine.
      The crosslinked products were isolated and characterized by capillary gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry. They are formed via OH radical adducts to
      thymine and phenylalanine and the reaction between dissimilar radicals is greatly
      favoured (T-Phe:Phe-Phe:T-T = 0.46:0.14:0.05). The reaction mechanism presented
      may serve as a model for radiation or any free radical-induced crosslinks between
      DNA and proteins.

PMID- 3871747
TI  - Potential repair of free radical adducts of dGMP and dG by a series of
      reductants. A pulse radiolytic study.
AB  - Using the technique of pulse radiolysis, it has been demonstrated that the
      interaction of hydroxyl-radical adducts of dG and dGMP with a series of
      reductants with different oxidation potentials at pH 7.0-7.4 proceeds via an
      electron transfer process (k approximately 1.4-34 X 10(8) dm3 mol-1s-1). The one
      electron oxidation of dGMP (dG) by Br-.2 was shown to result in the formation of
      a species, the properties of which are similar to those of the OH-radical adduct
      of dGMP with oxidizing properties based upon both spectral and kinetic
      information. The nature of the dGMP species produced on interaction with Br-.2 is
      discussed in terms of the ability of Br-.2 to produce specific base damage. The
      implications of these findings are presented in terms of potential free radical
      repair of hydroxyl radical damage and of synergistic effects whereby one
      reductant may be regenerated at the expense of another reductant.

PMID- 3871748
TI  - Herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

PMID- 3871749
TI  - Cross-cultural psychiatry in Micronesia: the consultant's view.
AB  - Patients evaluated by the authors as consulting clinical psychiatrists in a cross
      cultural setting, Micronesia, form the basis for an examination of regional
      variations in demographic characteristics, diagnoses, and referral patterns.
      Different rates of occurrence of disorders, selective referral practices, and
      diversity in manifestation of symptomatology are all considered. The authors
      offer suggestions regarding social and cultural factors which may account for the
      observed differences.

PMID- 3871750
TI  - Effects of cyclosporine and other immunosuppressive drugs on experimental
      autoimmune uveoretinitis in rats.
AB  - Five immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agents were tested for their effects
      on development of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) and immune
      responses to S-antigen in rats immunized with this retinal antigen. When
      administered daily from day 0-14 after immunization, cyclosporine at 5-20 mg/Kg
      was nontoxic and yet effective in inhibiting the development of EAU for at least
      30 days. All other tested drugs were found toxic at their immunosuppressive
      doses. Of these drugs, only cyclophosphamide (at 5-20 mg/Kg) was capable of
      inhibiting EAU in some of the treated rats for up to 30 days. Other agents,
      bredinin (40-100 mg/Kg), dexamethasone (0.2-0.4 mg/Kg), or colchicine (0.5 mg/Kg)
      produced only a delay in the disease onset. Cyclosporine was also unique in its
      effect on the immune responses of the rats by selectively inhibiting only the
      specific T-cell-mediated responses to S-antigen (delayed skin response and
      lymphocyte response in culture), while having no negative effect on antibody
      production or the lymphocyte response to the polyclonal mitogen, concanavalin A.
      Other drugs, when effective, inhibited all types of immune response. In addition,
      cyclosporine was capable of preventing EAU even when given to rats as late as
      from day 7 after immunization. Only cyclophosphamide (at 20 mg/Kg/day) had a
      similar effect on 1/3 of the rats, while other drugs only delayed or had no
      effect on the disease onset when given by this late schedule.

PMID- 3871751
TI  - Iohexol: a new nonionic contrast medium for myelography and cisternography with
      markedly reduced neurotoxicity.
AB  - Nonionic contrast media have been proven safe for intrathecal opacification, but
      adverse effects, including psycho-organic syndrome and asterixis, have been
      reported and appear more frequently when contrast medium enters intracranial
      spaces. Using compressed spectral array (CSA), transient, EEG changes can be
      monitored more efficiently, and bioelectrical neurotoxicities of various contrast
      media can be better observed. The nonionic contrast medium, iohexol, was
      evaluated for safety, patient tolerance, and image quality in studies of the
      higher regions of the spinal canal and intracranial spaces. Fifty-nine patients
      received iohexol injections while undergoing myelography, cisternography, or
      ventriculography. Measurements included detailed neurologic examination, blood
      pressure and pulse rate, EEG, and CSA EEG analysis. Iohexol provided excellent
      opacification of the craniocervical region and of brain cisterns. It is safe for
      use in pericerebral spaces and is exceptionally well tolerated by patients. Due
      to its safety and convenience for use in myelography, iohexol is expected to
      facilitate the development and use of new neuroradiologic techniques.

PMID- 3871752
TI  - Henoch-Schonlein purpura and familial Mediterranean fever.

PMID- 3871753
TI  - Marijuana update. For concerned parents, physicians, youth and citizens of
      Hawaii.

PMID- 3871754
TI  - Treatment of headache by transcutaneous electrical stimulation.

PMID- 3871755
TI  - Multiple facial hemangiomas and iron-deficiency anemia: blue rubber-bleb nevus
      syndrome.
AB  - A 21-year-old female complained of bluish soft tumors on her face. Her past
      history of anemia led us to investigate a possibility of "Blue Rubber-Bleb Nevus
      syndrome." Subsequent examinations revealed a severe iron-deficiency anemia and
      gastrointestinal tract hemangiomas. The facial hemangiomas were removed after
      controlling anemia. It is important to examine the gastrointestinal tract when
      multiple cutaneous hemangiomas are associated with anemia.

PMID- 3871756
TI  - [Removal of acoustic neuromas of the cerebellopontile angle with transtemporal
      approach by the middle cranial fossa].
AB  - The enlarged transtemporal middle fossa approach to the cerebello-pontine angle
      is adequate for complete removal of acoustic neuromas up to 4.0 cm in diameter
      (sizes B and C according to Fisch). A description of the surgical technique and
      the results of 63 operations are presented (13, 23 and 27 tumours of sizes A, B
      and C respectively). 51 tumours were completely removed, 6 had a voluntary
      palliative incomplete resection for medical reasons or on the only remaining
      hearing ear. Only 6 patients (one in the last 40 consecutive cases) had an
      incomplete resection due to the limited exposure of the tumour. In 44 ears the
      cochlear nerve could be preserved, 28 of which showed postoperative hearing
      function (8 size A, 10 size B, 10 size C). There was no operative mortality, no
      severe hemorrhage nor any permanent neurological complication. The facial nerve
      function was well preserved in 48 of 56 patients followed up.

PMID- 3871757
TI  - Relationship between postvaccinal anti-influenza antibodies, blood magnesium
      levels, and HLA antigens.
AB  - Seventy-eight healthy subjects belonging to 16 different families were submitted
      to an anti-influenza vaccination. The antibody titers and the red blood cell and
      plasma Mg concentrations were determined before and 30 days after vaccination.
      The population study performed on 32 subjects showed the occurrence of a higher
      antibody response (P less than 0.01) and a lower red blood cell Mg level, among
      the Bw35 individuals. These findings are confirmed by family studies: HLA
      identical sibs have values much closer to those of the propositi than to those of
      the HLA different sibs. The relationships between HLA, immune response, and Mg
      revealed by the present investigation are discussed in light of the literature
      together with the known associations between HLA Bw35 antigen and diseases.

PMID- 3871758
TI  - Cellular distribution of a human I-A-like (DS/DC) antigen on normal and
      neoplastic lymphoid cells.
AB  - Previous biochemical studies have shown that B cell specific, monoclonal
      antibody, McAb 33.1, reacts with a class II antigen that represents a human
      analogue of murine I-A (DS/DC) antigens (J. Exp. Med. 158:1924, 1983). McAb 33.1
      recognizes a polymorphic human B lymphocyte specific antigen present on mu+, B1+
      peripheral B cells, B lymphoid cell lines, activated B cells, and neoplastic B
      lymphoid cells. Of 100 HLA-D/DR typed EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines
      tested, only those from DR3,3 and DR7,7 individuals failed to react with McAb
      33.1. The 33.1 antigen is present at lower concentrations on B cells from blood,
      tonsil, spleen, and lymph node when compared to B cell lines. By contrast, the
      antigen is not detectable on blood T lymphocytes, T cell lines, or mitogen
      activated T cells and it is absent on monocytes of some individuals or is present
      only on a minor subpopulation (approximately 20%). McAb 33.1 should facilitate
      the functional, structure, and molecular dissection of the human Ia system.

PMID- 3871759
TI  - DR5-associated DC molecules carry three different allospecificities.
AB  - Antiserum 8w670 which had been classified as anti-DR5 in the Workshop analysis
      was found by the direct binding test to react with about 40% of Ia molecules in
      an Ia preparation from LG38 cells (DR5,5) that was deleted of DR molecules and DR
      like molecules we call BR and enriched in DC molecules by pretreatment with a
      rabbit antiserum raised against alpha-subunits of DR and BR molecules. The
      specificity involved in the binding reaction was shown by the binding inhibition
      assay to be present in 100% of DR5-positive cases (53 out of 53) and 8w13
      positive cases (2 out of 2) and in 23% of DR4-positive cases (4 out of 17). This
      association pattern did not correspond to any of the known supertypic
      specificities including the DC beta 4 and DC alpha 3, both of which had been
      found on DR5-associated DC molecules. Yet sequential binding analysis revealed
      that the 8w670-defined specificity was indeed present on the same molecules
      carrying DC beta 4 and DC alpha 3 specificities. This specificity was designated
      DC5.

PMID- 3871760
TI  - Screening for beta-lactam antibiotics in nature.

PMID- 3871761
TI  - Conversion of cloxacillin into a progressive inhibitor of beta-lactamases by
      sulfonation and its activity against various types of these enzymes.
AB  - On the assumption of the theory that the sulfone of a penam derivative should
      effectively act as a suicide substrate against beta-lactamases to which the
      parent compound is a poor substrate, the action of cloxacillin sulfone on four
      different types of beta-lactamases was studied. As we expected, cloxacillin
      sulfone showed strong mechanism-based irreversible inactivation against type Ib
      penicillinase and Proteus vulgaris cephalosporinase whereas it showed no
      progressive inactivation against cloxacillin-hydrolyzing type II penicillinase.
      However, an unexpected result was that cloxacillin sulfone could not inactivate
      Citrobacter freundii cephalosporinase which itself could hardly hydrolyze the
      parent cloxacillin. The number of hydrolytic events which occurred before
      inactivation of type Ib penicillinase, and P. vulgaris cephalosporinase, by the
      inactivator was 190 and 13, respectively. These values indicate that cloxacillin
      sulfone is far more effective as a suicide substrate against the two types of
      beta-lactamases than penam sulfones so far reported. The inactivation proceeded
      via the formation of an irreversible enzyme-inhibitor complex which could be
      detected by isoelectric focusing.

PMID- 3871762
TI  - Iron transport and its relation to heme biosynthesis in Rhodopseudomonas
      sphaeroides.
AB  - The uptake of iron supplied as ferric citrate or ferric parabactin was examined
      in aerobically grown whole cells and vesicles of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.
      Inner and outer membrane fractions from R. sphaeroides contained no membrane
      proteins which were inducible by growth in low-iron medium. Vesicles composed of
      the inner membrane and devoid of outer membrane and periplasmic proteins were
      able to transport iron supplied as ferric citrate and ferric parabactin. This
      uptake required the presence of NADH. When the electrical component of the proton
      motive force was depleted in whole cells, the uptake of iron supplied as ferric
      parabactin was completely inhibited. The uptake of iron supplied as ferric
      citrate was inhibited by gallium citrate; however, Ga3+ was not transported. The
      relationship between iron uptake and heme synthesis was examined by treating
      whole cells with N-methylprotoporphyrin which inhibits ferrochelatase, the enzyme
      which inserts ferrous iron into protoporphyrin to form heme. This treatment
      reduced ferrochelatase activity by 82% but had no effect on iron uptake,
      indicating that iron uptake and heme synthesis are not directly coupled. The fate
      of transported iron was investigated by measuring intracellular concentrations of
      heme and nonheme iron. It was determined that newly transported iron exists
      primarily as nonheme iron.

PMID- 3871763
TI  - Effect of culture medium iron content on the biochemical composition and
      metabolism of Trichomonas vaginalis.
AB  - Trichomonas vaginalis grown in iron-enriched medium contained increased
      concentrations of iron-sulfur proteins, including ferredoxin and pyruvate
      ferredoxin oxidoreductase. The increases in hydrogenosomal constituents
      correlated with increased in vivo hydrogenosomal metabolism.

PMID- 3871764
TI  - Prevalence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia among young diabetic women.
AB  - To assess the prevalence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia among young diabetic
      women, a questionnaire was sent to 264 young women with insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus in two clinical settings. Among the women who responded (30%),
      none reported a history of anorexia nervosa, but 28 (35%) reported a history of
      bulimia. These results suggest that bulimia represents a common problem among
      young women with diabetes.

PMID- 3871765
TI  - Fluoxetine: clinical pharmacology and physiologic disposition.
AB  - Fluoxetine (30 mg), administered for 7 days to normal volunteers, produced a 66%
      inhibition of tritiated serotonin uptake into platelets. Plasma concentrations of
      fluoxetine correlated positively with inhibition of serotonin uptake. Fluoxetine
      is well absorbed after oral administration in both the fed and fasted states and
      demonstrates dose proportionality. Fluoxetine disappears from plasma with a half
      life of 1-3 days; its metabolite norfluoxetine has a plasma half-life of 7-15
      days. After administration of 14C-fluoxetine, approximately 65% of the
      administered dose of radioactivity is recovered in urine and about 15% in feces.
      Fluoxetine, given as a single dose or in multiple doses over 8 days, did not
      produce significant effects on the plasma disappearance of warfarin, diazepam,
      tolbutamide, or chlorothiazide. Coadministration of fluoxetine and ethanol did
      not result in an increase from control values in the blood ethanol levels, nor
      did it produce significant changes in physiologic, psychometric, or psychomotor
      activity. Pharmacokinetics of fluoxetine in the elderly and normal volunteers
      appear to be similar. In addition, pharmacokinetic analyses in patients with
      varying degrees of renal impairment did not show significant differences from
      healthy subjects.

PMID- 3871767
TI  - The pharmacologic profile of fluoxetine.
AB  - Fluoxetine is a selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake in vitro. Unlike many
      antidepressant drugs, fluoxetine has little affinity for muscarinic, histaminic
      H1, serotonergic 5-HT1 or 5-HT2, or noradrenergic alpha 1 or alpha 2 receptors on
      rat brain membranes in vitro. Fluoxetine inhibits serotonin uptake in vivo
      without affecting norepinephrine uptake. Neuroendocrine and behavioral
      consequences of enhanced serotonergic function resulting from fluoxetine's
      inhibition of serotonin uptake in vivo are described. Fluoxetine is relatively
      nontoxic in several animal species. The specificity of action of fluoxetine makes
      it a good candidate as an antidepressant drug.

PMID- 3871766
TI  - Effect of fluoxetine on the electrocardiogram.
AB  - The effects of fluoxetine on the ECG were compared to those of placebo,
      imipramine, amitriptyline, and doxepin. ECG tracings at the beginning and end of
      several drug studies were evaluated retrospectively, without knowledge of the
      drug to which patients had been assigned. Mean changes in heart rate revealed a
      statistically significant decrease in the fluoxetine group. Active control drugs
      increased heart rate: increases were significant for imipramine and amitriptyline
      but not doxepin. Intraventricular conduction delays were noted in 5 patients who
      received imipramine and 1 patient who received amitriptyline: 4 of these patients
      developed left bundle branch block. No intraventricular conduction delays were
      noted in fluoxetine-treated patients.

PMID- 3871768
TI  - C1-Tetrahydrofolate synthase from rabbit liver. Structural and kinetic properties
      of the enzyme and its two domains.
AB  - C1-Tetrahydrofolate synthase is a multifunctional enzyme which catalyzes three
      reactions in 1-carbon metabolism: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase; 5,10
      methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase; 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate
      dehydrogenase. A rapid 1-day purification procedure has been developed which
      gives 40 mg of pure enzyme from 10 rabbit livers. The 10-formyltetrahydrofolate
      synthetase activity of this trifunctional enzyme has a specific activity that is
      4-fold higher than the enzyme previously purified from rabbit liver. Conditions
      have been developed for the rapid isolation of a tryptic fragment of the enzyme
      which contains the methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase and
      methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase activities. This fragment is a monomer
      exhibiting a subunit and native molecular weight of 36,000 in most buffers.
      However, in phosphate buffers the native molecular weight suggests that the
      fragment is a dimer. Conditions are also given whereby chymotryptic digestion
      allows the simultaneous isolation from the native enzyme of a large fragment
      containing the 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase activity and a smaller
      fragment containing the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities. The large
      fragment is a dimer with a subunit molecular weight of 66,000. The small fragment
      retains all of the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities of the native
      enzyme. The large fragment is unstable but retains most of the 10
      formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase activity. Km values of substrates for the two
      fragments are the same as the values for the native enzyme. The 10
      formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase activity of the native enzyme requires ammonium
      or potassium ions for expression of full catalytic activity. The effect of these
      two ions on the catalytic activity of the large chymotryptic fragment is the same
      as with the native enzyme. We have shown by differential scanning calorimetry
      that the native enzyme contains two protein domains which show thermal
      transitions at 47 and 60 degrees C. Evidence is presented that the two domains
      are related to the two protein fragments generated by proteolysis of the native
      enzyme. The larger of the two domains contains the active site for the 10
      formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase activity while the smaller domain contains the
      active site which catalyzes the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase reactions.
      Replacement of sodium ion buffers with either ammonium or potassium ions results
      in an increase in stability of the large domain of the native enzyme. This change
      in stability is not accompanied by a change in the quaternary structure of the
      enzyme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3871769
TI  - Nucleotide-dependent binding of the gene 4 protein of bacteriophage T7 to single
      stranded DNA.
AB  - The gene 4 protein of bacteriophage T7 is a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes
      (i) the hydrolysis of nucleoside 5'-triphosphates, (ii) the synthesis of
      tetraribonucleotide primers at specific recognition sequences on a DNA template,
      and (iii) the unwinding of duplex DNA. All three activities depend on binding of
      gene 4 protein to single-stranded DNA followed by unidirectional 5' to 3'
      translocation of the protein (Tabor, S., and Richardson, C. C. (1981) Proc. Natl.
      Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 205-209). Binding of gene 4 protein to single-stranded DNA,
      assayed by retention of DNA-protein complexes on nitrocellulose filters, is
      random with regard to DNA sequence. Although gene 4 protein does not bind to
      duplex DNAs, the presence of a 240-nucleotide-long single-stranded tail on a 7200
      base pair duplex DNA molecule is sufficient for gene 4 protein to cause retention
      of the DNA on a filter. The binding reaction requires, in addition to MgCl2, the
      presence of a nucleoside 5'-triphosphate, but binding is not dependent on
      hydrolysis; nucleoside 5'-diphosphate will substitute for nucleoside 5'
      triphosphate. Of the eight common nucleoside triphosphates, dTTP promotes optimal
      binding. The half-life of the gene 4 protein-DNA complex depends on both the
      secondary structure of the DNA and on whether or not the nucleoside 5'
      triphosphate cofactor can be hydrolyzed. Using the nonhydrolyzable nucleoside 5'
      triphosphate analog, beta,gamma-methylene dTTP, the half-life of the gene 4
      protein-DNA complex is greater than 80 min. In the presence of the hydrolyzable
      nucleoside 5'-triphosphate, dTTP, the half-life of the gene 4 protein-DNA complex
      using circular M13 DNA is at least 4 times longer than that observed using linear
      M13 DNA.

PMID- 3871770
TI  - Human tumor necrosis factor. Production, purification, and characterization.
AB  - Human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was purified to homogeneity from serum-free
      tissue culture supernatants of the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line induced
      by 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The purification scheme consisted of
      controlled-pore glass and DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Mono Q-fast-protein
      liquid chromatography, and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography.
      The purified protein was homogeneous by the criteria of sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and NH2-terminal sequence analysis. The
      specific activity of purified tumor necrosis factor is approximately 10(8)
      units/mg. The protein has a molecular weight of approximately 17,000, an
      isoelectric point of 5.3, and contains two cysteines involved in a disulfide
      bridge. Approximately 50% homology between TNF and another cytolytic lymphokine,
      lymphotoxin, exists when the NH2-terminal 34 residues of TNF and internal
      sequence generated by tryptic, Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, and
      chymotryptic digests of TNF are aligned with the complete amino acid sequence of
      lymphotoxin.

PMID- 3871771
TI  - Early heat shock proteins in primary thymocytes. Evidence for transcriptional and
      translational regulation.
AB  - Primary isolates of thymic lymphocytes maintained in vitro provide a
      physiologically well-characterized system in which to study induction of proteins
      by heat shock; this response is agent-specific and separable from inductions by
      glucocorticoids or heavy metals (Maytin, E. V., and Young, D. A. J. Biol. Chem.
      258, 12718-12722). Here we identify 68 heat shock protein inductions among more
      than 2,500 individual proteins separated on giant two-dimensional gels and
      further describe their time course of appearance, sensitivity to cordycepin (3'
      deoxyadenosine), and reversibility during recovery. Thirty-one changes are
      detectable within 1 h. Among these early increases, 20 are inhibitable by
      cordycepin. However, 11 early changes are not affected by cordycepin; all
      represent proteins found in relatively low abundance. Five of these inductions
      are rapidly reversible during recovery from heat shock, in contrast to most other
      heat shock proteins whose synthesis is maintained or enhanced. One protein
      identified here appears to be increased by recovery per se. Overall, these
      results provide evidence for two separate classes of heat shock inductions in
      normal mammalian cells, i.e. a transcriptionally regulated group, not readily
      reversible during recovery, and a translationally regulated group in which
      several inductions rapidly revert to normal during recovery.

PMID- 3871772
TI  - A synthetic nonapeptide corresponding to the NH2-terminal sequence of C3d-K
      causes leukocytosis in rabbits.
AB  - Numerous biologically active fragments have been described that are derived from
      the C3 molecule. Recently, a polypeptide (Mr 41,000) generated from the alpha
      chain of human iC3b by limited proteolysis with plasma kallikrein was shown to
      exhibit several biological functions. This C3-derived cleavage product, C3d-K,
      suppresses mitogen- and antigen-induced proliferation of human T-lymphocytes and
      induces leukocytosis in rabbits. We have identified and synthesized a portion of
      C3d-K that is associated with the leukocytosis phenomenon. A nonapeptide
      corresponding to the amino-terminal nine residues of C3d-K was synthesized using
      conventional Merrifield solid-phase peptide chemistry; the structure of this
      peptide is Thr-Leu-Asp-Pro-Glu-Arg-Leu-Gly-Arg (TLDPERLGR). At a final
      concentration of 4 X 10(-6) M, both the nonapeptide and the des-Arg octapeptide
      (TLDPERLG) were capable of inducing leukocytosis in rabbits. Additionally, both
      peptides enhance vascular permeability when injected in guinea pig skin. These
      activities are similar to those previously attributed to a C3 fragment identified
      as C3e by Ghebrehiwet and Muller-Eberhard (Ghebrehiwet, B., and Muller-Eberhard,
      H.J. (1979) J. Immunol. 123, 616-621). We conclude that the nonapeptide TLDPERLGR
      represents the active center of the C3-derived leukocytosis factors C3e and C3d
      K. This active synthetic analogue of C3d-K should prove valuable in elucidating
      the mechanism of action for complement-dependent leukocyte mobilization in vivo.

PMID- 3871773
TI  - The vitamin K-dependent bone protein is accumulated within cultured osteosarcoma
      cells in the presence of the vitamin K antagonist warfarin.
AB  - Osteosarcoma cells grown in normal culture medium secrete bone gamma
      carboxyglutamic acid protein (BGP, osteocalcin) which is identical with BGP
      purified from the bone matrix. Two tests indicate that the secreted medium
      protein contains the full complement of three gamma-carboxyglutamate residues
      present on BGP purified from the bone matrix. First, the secreted protein from
      ROS 17/2 and bone matrix BGP have identical isoelectric points (pI = 4.0).
      Second, they have identical hydroxyapatite binding behavior. If warfarin is added
      to the culture medium, the secreted protein has a higher isoelectric point (pI =
      4.6) and a lower affinity for hydroxyapatite characteristic of thermally
      decarboxylated or non-gamma-carboxylated BGP. The observed shift in isoelectric
      point of secreted BGP after warfarin treatment from pH 4.0 to 4.6 is also
      reflected in the presence of pI = 4.1 and pI = 4.6 species intracellularly. These
      isoelectric species correspond to fully carboxylated BGP and noncarboxylated BGP,
      which are in the process of secretion. Addition of 10 micrograms/ml of warfarin
      causes a specific 47% reduction in secretion rate of BGP, while at the same time,
      the intracellular BGP concentration increases 3-fold. These phenomena appear
      related to the interruption by warfarin of the normal sequence of processing of
      precursor BGP proteins, as a new, immunoreactive species with a higher
      isoelectric pH not present in control cells appears to be responsible for the
      increased intracellular antigen within warfarin-treated cells. Our results show
      that vitamin K-dependent processing is important for normal secretion of BGP from
      the cell.

PMID- 3871774
TI  - Structural and functional characteristics of activated human factor IX after
      chemical modification of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues.
AB  - Activated human factor IX (factor IXa) was treated under mildly acidic conditions
      with a mixture of formaldehyde and morpholine. This reagent has been shown to
      react preferentially with gamma-carboxyglutamyl (Gla) residues and to convert
      these residues to gamma-methyleneglutamyl residues (Wright, S.F., Bourne, C.D.,
      Hoke, R.A., Koehler, K.A., and Hiskey, R.G. (1984) Anal. Biochem. 139, 82-90).
      The modified enzyme was evaluated for coagulant activity and calcium-dependent
      fluorescence quenching. [14C]Formaldehyde was employed to allow quantitation of
      the modification and to facilitate localization of the modified residues in the
      primary structure of factor IXa. In the presence of the
      [14C]formaldehyde/morpholine reagent, factor IXa rapidly lost coagulant activity,
      which corresponded to incorporation of radiolabel. Examination of the
      relationship between protein modification (radiolabel incorporation) and the loss
      of coagulant activity suggested that modification of 1 mol of Gla/mol of factor
      IXa results in complete loss of factor IXa coagulant activity. Primary structure
      analysis of the radioactivity labeled factor IXa suggested that modification of
      any one of 11 Gla residues was responsible for the loss of coagulant activity. In
      the presence of calcium, modified factor IXa exhibited a smaller Gla-dependent
      decrease in protein fluorescence than native factor IXa, but the Gla-independent
      fluorescence change was the same for both proteins. It therefore appears that the
      Gla domain of factor IXa must be completely intact for the enzyme to undergo a
      functionally important calcium-dependent conformational change necessary for
      coagulant activity.

PMID- 3871775
TI  - Segmental flexibility of the C1q subcomponent of human complement and its
      possible role in the immune response.
AB  - Fluorescence polarization techniques were used to study the rotational dynamics
      of the C1q subcomponent of human complement. C1q was covalently labeled with
      dansyl (DNS) chloride. Digestion of either C1q-DNS4.0 or C1q-DNS1.8 conjugates
      with pepsin showed that about 75% of the DNS probes were attached to the C1q
      globular heads and that the remainder were on the collagen-like stalk (peptic
      fragment). C1q-DNS conjugates readily agglutinated IgG-coated latex beads and
      combined with C1r2C1s2 to form hemolytically active 16 S C1-DNS. Both C1q-DNS and
      C1-DNS samples displayed steady-state rotational correlation time and
      fluorescence lifetime transitions near 48 degrees C. Hydrodynamic studies showed
      that C1q formed soluble aggregates near the transition temperature. In contrast,
      stalk samples with a DNS probe apparently attached to the large central fibril
      showed no thermal transitions or aggregation even when heated above 50 degrees C.
      Nanosecond fluorescence depolarization measurements detected restricted flexible
      motions of the C1q heads with an associated rotational correlation time, phi s,
      of about 25 ns. The C1q anisotropy decay was dominated, however, by a long
      component, phi L, of perhaps 1000 ns. Except for probe wiggle, the stalk-DNS
      anisotropy profile was essentially flat. The rapid rotations associated with phi
      s could represent restricted twisting motions of the arm-head segments or
      wobbling motions of the heads themselves. Such motions may facilitate binding of
      the C1q heads to immune complexes. Straightforward diffusion calculations
      indicated that phi L could represent either global tumbling of the entire C1q
      molecule or wagging motions of the individual arm-head segments, as suggested by
      electron micrographs. Upon binding of the C1q heads to an activator, some of the
      C1q segments may be held in a slightly more open or more closed conformation,
      which in turn may trigger activation of the C1 proenzymes. In conclusion, we
      suggest a plausible triggering mechanism for C1 activation that is compatible
      with the flexible properties of its subcomponents.

PMID- 3871776
TI  - Two barley alpha-amylase gene families are regulated differently in aleurone
      cells.
AB  - Isolation of a full- or nearly full-length cDNA clone for the type B isozyme of
      barley alpha-amylase is described. The coding region has a high GC content and an
      unusual codon bias similar to that described for the type A isozyme cDNA
      previously characterized by our laboratory. The theoretical secondary structure
      for the 5' end of this type B mRNA, as well as that for the two previously
      identified type A transcripts, is unusual in that the AUG initiation codon is
      enclosed in each instance by a very stable hairpin loop. Results of primer
      extension experiments utilizing probes for the 5' coding regions of both types of
      mRNA are consistent with some of the features of these predicted structures.
      Primer extension experiments utilizing a probe specific for the type B 5' coding
      region identified only one type of extension products, and these had 5'
      untranslated region sequences identical to that of the type B cDNA. Thus there
      appears to be only one major type of type B gene transcribed. Hybridization
      experiments utilizing 5' probes specific for type A and for the type B mRNA
      demonstrate different effects of the hormone, gibberellic acid. The type A mRNAs
      are present in relatively large amounts in unstimulated aleurone cells and
      increase about 20-fold after stimulation with gibberellic acid. In contrast, the
      type B mRNA is present at very low levels in unstimulated cells, but increases at
      least 100-fold after cells are exposed to the hormone.

PMID- 3871777
TI  - Genetic expression in partial adenosine deaminase deficiency. mRNA levels and
      protein turnover for the enzyme variants in human B-lymphoblast cell lines.
AB  - A severe genetic deficiency of adenosine deaminase is causally associated with an
      autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency disease, while
      subjects with absent erythrocyte but partial lymphocyte enzyme activity remain
      immunocompetent. The genetic expression of adenosine deaminase in B-lymphoblast
      cell lines derived from four unrelated subjects with the "partial" enzyme
      deficiency was examined. Enzymatic activity among these cell lines ranged from 5
      to 50% of normal with the level of immunoreactive adenosine deaminase protein
      either proportional to enzyme activity or elevated in two of the cases. Northern
      blot analysis using a cDNA probe showed that adenosine deaminase mRNA in each of
      these cell lines was of normal expected size (1.6-1.8 kilobases) and was present
      in normal to above normal amounts. Rates of enzyme synthesis varied from 165 to
      15% of normal. Adenosine deaminase protein degradation rates in these cell lines
      were 1.5 to almost 3 times faster than normal, consistent with the observed
      absence of the enzyme in erythrocytes. From these analyses apparent abnormalities
      in mRNA regulation, translation, and protein degradation can be identified among
      the partially adenosine deaminase-deficient cell lines studied. Ultimately, it
      will be essential to determine the nature of the protein mutation and the gene
      defect to define the structural alterations and functional abnormalities of
      enzyme variants isolated from subjects with partial adenosine deaminase
      deficiency.

PMID- 3871778
TI  - Serum sialic acid in malignant tumors, bacterial infections, and chronic liver
      diseases.
AB  - The total serum sialic acid concentration was determined in 2,264 persons with
      various malignant tumors, bacterial infections, rheumatic diseases, and chronic
      liver diseases, and in a control group. The thiobarbiturate method according to
      Warren was used. The upper limit (95% percentile) in the control group was 2.23
      mumol/ml. Higher values were found in the groups with neoplasms (mean: 3.04
      mumol/ml), inflammatory diseases (e.g., pneumonia: 3.02 mumol/ml), and active
      rheumatoid arthritis (3.05 mumol/ml). In the group with malignant diseases, the
      sialic acid concentration at the time of diagnosis was highest for bronchial
      carcinoma (3.29 mumol/ml) and lowest for breast cancer (2.58 mumol/ml). In
      chronic liver diseases the mean sialic acid level was lower than in a
      heterogeneous group of noninflammatory and nonneoplastic diseases. The estimation
      of the serum sialic acid concentration could be useful in the detection of tumor
      burden and metastases, and in the evaluation of the later course and prognosis of
      malignant neoplasms if bacterial/inflammatory and active rheumatoid processes can
      be excluded.

PMID- 3871779
TI  - Nerve growth factor- and epidermal growth factor-stimulated phosphorylation of a
      PC12 cytoskeletally associated protein in situ.
AB  - Nerve growth factor (NGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) produce stable
      alterations in PC12 cells that persist in the detergent-insoluble cytoskeleton,
      resulting in the phosphorylation of a 250,000-mol-wt cytoskeletally associated
      protein in situ. Treatment of PC12 cells with NGF or EGF, followed by detergent
      lysis of the cells and incubation of the resulting cytoskeletons with gamma-32P
      ATP, permitted detection of hormonally stimulated, energy-dependent events, which
      result in the enhanced phosphorylation of a cytoskeletally associated protein as
      an immediate consequence of receptor occupancy. These events were elicited only
      upon treatment of intact cells at physiological temperatures. The NGF- and EGF
      stimulated events occurred rapidly; however, they were a transient effect of
      hormone action. NGF and EGF were found to act through independent mechanisms to
      stimulate the in situ phosphorylation of the 250,000-mol-wt protein, as the
      effects of NGF, but not EGF, were blocked by methyltransferase inhibitors. The
      250,000-mol-wt protein was phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues in
      response to both NGF and EGF although in somewhat different proportions. The data
      suggest that the hormone-stimulated labeling of the 250,000-mol-wt protein may be
      the result of either the direct activation of a protein kinase, the
      redistribution of the kinase relative to its substrates as a consequence of
      hormone action, or the coincident occurrence of these events.

PMID- 3871780
TI  - Estimation of local cerebral glucose utilization by positron emission tomography
      of [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose: a critical appraisal of optimization
      procedures.
AB  - Various approaches estimating local cerebral glucose utilization by positron
      emission tomography of labeled deoxyglucose are compared. Autoradiographic
      methods that predict the glucose utilization rate from a single scan are
      unreliable in pathologic tissue because of abnormal values of the model rate
      constants. A normalization procedure using the ratio of measured tissue activity
      to activity calculated with standard rate constants is proposed to readjust the
      values of the rate constants. Reliable estimates of metabolic rates can be
      obtained from dynamic recordings of tracer uptake. In the graphic approach,
      metabolic rate can be derived from the slope of a segment of a transformed uptake
      curve, which becomes linear at 15-20 min after intravenous tracer injection, with
      an accuracy comparable with that in complete dynamic studies. However, by
      recording and analyzing full-length uptake curves, in addition to metabolic rate,
      the model rate constants can be determined regionally. The physiological
      significance of those parameters is demonstrated in crossed cerebellar
      deactivation in 30 patients with supratentorial infarcts. Mild hypometabolism
      both within the ischemic lesion and in the morphologically intact cerebellum is
      accompanied by a reduction of the phosphorylation rate only. Severe metabolic
      depression, by contrast, affects both cerebellar transport and phosphorylation
      processes, whereas in the cerebrum, only the rate constant k1 is significantly
      correlated with the degree of metabolic disturbance.

PMID- 3871781
TI  - Regional multiparameter estimation from tomographic diffusible tracer clearance
      curves: modification of the double-integral method.
AB  - Measurement of regional CBF in transverse section using inert, diffusible tracers
      can be carried out using a double-integral form of the Kety-Schmidt equation. An
      implementation of this form proposed by Kanno and Lassen (the K-L estimator) is
      utilized by the Tomomatic 64, a dynamic single-photon computed tomography system
      that records washin-washout data during and following inhalation of 133Xe gas.
      Advantages of the algorithm include noninvasive calibration of the input function
      and excellent depiction of ischemia: disadvantages are sensitivity to errors in
      input function delay (delta), the inability to estimate the partition coefficient
      (lambda) (hence, only the clearance index, k, is estimated), and a noise
      sensitivity proportional to k. A modification of the method is proposed that not
      only accounts for delta variations, but also provides an estimate of relative
      lambda (hence, the perfusion, f, is estimated). The proposed estimator is shown
      to be robust in the presence of noise with error variances equal to or better
      than those with the K-L estimator, yet estimates of both relative f and lambda
      are provided by the modification. New simulation results implicate the Compton
      scatter fraction as a major contributor in the overestimation of white matter
      perfusion values using both the K-L and proposed estimators, and illustrate the
      need for hardware and software scatter fraction reduction and control.

PMID- 3871782
TI  - Alternative statistical models for the examination of clinical positron emission
      tomography/fluorodeoxyglucose data.
AB  - This article describes a method for partitioning metabolic variability found in
      positron emission tomography/[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose studies. For the 15 subjects
      examined, 74.8% of the total metabolic variability could be ascribed to
      individual differences in global metabolic rate, whereas 15.8% of the total
      variability was consistent regional variation or pattern across subjects.
      Subsequently, the method of Q-component analysis is described for the
      identification of strong- and weak-pattern subjects. In addition, a
      standardization procedure that amplifies the observed pattern by removing
      systematic individual differences is described. Finally, the implications of
      these findings and methods for future and clinical studies are discussed.

PMID- 3871783
TI  - What is the correct value for the brain--blood partition coefficient for water?
AB  - A knowledge of the brain-blood partition coefficient (lambda) for water is
      usually required for the measurement of CBF with [15O]water. The currently
      accepted value for whole-brain lambda, 0.95-0.96 ml/g, calculated from brain and
      blood water content data, is incorrect because in the calculation, the blood
      water content was not adjusted for the density of blood. The correct value is
      0.90 ml/g. Variations in brain or blood water content affect lambda. Thus, lambda
      changes during development of the brain and varies regionally in it, even among
      different gray matter structures, owing to variation in brain water content. In
      addition, lambda would be expected to vary with the hematocrit, owing to changes
      in blood water content. The impact of using an incorrect value for lambda will
      depend on the sensitivity of the CBF measurement technique used to errors in
      lambda.

PMID- 3871784
TI  - A noninvasive positron computed tomography technique using oxygen-15--labeled
      water for the evaluation of neurobehavioral task batteries.
AB  - A technique is described that provides information about relative cerebral
      responses to differing neurobehavioral tasks in normal subjects studied with
      positron computed tomography and oxygen-15-labeled water. Simulation studies
      demonstrate that this technique is sensitive to changes in true local CBF within
      a physiological range and tends to underestimate relative flow changes at high
      flow values (greater than 30 ml min-1 100 g-1) and to overestimate these changes
      for flow values of less than 25 ml min-1 100 g-1. Image acquisition times of 60 s
      following the arrival of oxygen-15-labeled water in the brain were the most
      accurate for identifying such relative changes between radioisotope
      administrations and were not limited by statistical noise from total image
      counts. Studies in normal volunteers indicate that the technique is highly
      reproducible, demonstrating a coefficient of variation for small (less than 2
      cm2) regions of 2.98 between studies in the same state. Visual stimulation
      studies in normal volunteers demonstrated relative radioisotope concentration
      changes between control and stimulated states that are in good agreement with
      similar results obtained using the same stimulation paradigm but with the use of
      fluorodeoxyglucose to determine cerebral glucose metabolism.

PMID- 3871786
TI  - Aspirin and gastrointestinal haemorrhage: a methodologic assessment.
AB  - The literature on the association between Aspirin (ASA) use and gastrointestinal
      haemorrhage (GIH) has been reviewed. Thirteen control-studies were selected and
      examined for (i) the type of design (ii) the choice of outcome measures, and
      (iii) the adequacy of satisfying defined causation criteria and the influence of
      sampling strategies on one of these criteria--strength of association. Of the 13
      studies seven were large scale randomized control trials (RCTs) and six were case
      control studies. Among the outcome measures utilized in these studies and
      currently available for the assessment of GIH, we found none were uniquely
      satisfactory for use as a "gold standard". Furthermore, in none of these studies
      was the particular chosen outcome measure sufficiently satisfactory to allow firm
      conclusions on the issue of causation. None of the studies adequately met all the
      defined causation criteria or adequately eliminated the potential biases in the
      chosen sampling strategies. Thus the evidence that aspirin causes GIH fails to
      stand up to critical evaluation. This, of course, does not mean that ASA does not
      cause GIH. However, it is common practice for physicians to advise their patients
      with a prior history of GIH and or gastrointestinal symptoms to refrain from ASA
      use. This is probably sound advice in the setting where ASA is being used as a
      casual or short term analgesic or anti-inflammatory agent. But in the context of
      severe inflammatory joint disease when the use of ASA is clinically indicated, it
      should not be withheld on the basis of the risk of GIH. There is a widespread
      belief in medicine that by implication aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs are a common cause of bleeding from the gastrointestinal
      tract, yet it has been pointed out frequently [1-3] that the evidence to support
      the belief is weak and circumstantial. Despite this the perceived association of
      aspirin with gastrointestinal bleeding influences both pharmaceutical and
      clinical practice and often hinders or prevents the prescription of anti
      inflammatory medication to patients with severe inflammatory joint disease. It
      was felt that a proper critical appraisal of the evidence was essential. It is
      unfortunate that the evidence most frequently cited implicating ASA as a cause of
      GIH is almost entirely related to the casual use of the drug. Thus our
      conclusions must be viewed with some caution in the patient group where this
      knowledge would be of most importance, that is in patients with inflammatory
      joint disease.

PMID- 3871785
TI  - Metabolic and kinetic considerations in the use of [125I]HIPDM for quantitative
      measurement of regional cerebral blood flow.
AB  - The metabolic degradation and the kinetics of the cerebral uptake of N,N,N'
      trimethyl-N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-[125I]iodobenzyl)-1, 3-propanediamine
      ([125I]HIPDM) have been studied in conscious, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats to
      determine its suitability as a tracer for the quantitative measurement of
      regional CBF (rCBF). rCBF was calculated by the indicator fractionation and the
      tissue equilibration methods in experiments of different durations up to 1 h. The
      values of rCBF obtained with [125I]HIPDM were compared with those obtained in
      concurrent measurements with [14C]iodoantipyrine in the same animals. Results of
      the experiments demonstrate that [125I]HIPDM is an inadequate tracer for use with
      the indicator fractionation method and that any method that employs [125I]HIPDM
      for the determination of rCBF must take into account its metabolic degradation,
      diffusion limitations, and bidirectional flux across the blood-brain barrier.
      With the tissue equilibration method, consistent determinations of rCBF may be
      possible with [125I]HIPDM by measurement of the time course of its concentration
      in arterial blood, corrected for the presence of 125I-labeled metabolic products,
      and its concentration in the brain at any time up to 1 h after its
      administration. The method may be adapted to measure rCBF in humans by means of
      single-photon emission tomography with [123I]HIPDM.

PMID- 3871787
TI  - Short-term 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 administration raises serum osteocalcin in
      patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis.
AB  - In order to evaluate whether 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] could
      increase the serum concentration of osteocalcin (BGP) in patients with post
      menopausal osteoporosis, we administered 2 micrograms/d of 1,25(OH)2D3 to 14
      patients with biopsy proven osteoporosis for two weeks. An additional 13 age and
      sex-matched patients with osteoporosis received no drug and served as the
      control. Administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly increased the serum
      concentration of 1,25(OH)2D from 31 +/- 2 SE to 56 +/- 5 pg/ml (p less than
      0.01). Commensurate with the rise in 1,25(OH)2D was a significant increase in BGP
      from 3.9 +/- 0.6 to 6.4 +/- 0.9 ng/ml (p less than 0.001). There were no
      significant changes for these parameters in the control group. It is concluded
      that short term 1,25(OH)2D3 administration is effective in raising BGP
      concentrations in patients with post-menopausal osteoporosis.

PMID- 3871788
TI  - Ascertainment of 21-hydroxylase deficiency in individuals with HLA-B14 haplotype.
AB  - 21-Hydroxylase activity was measured in North American caucasian individuals with
      the HLA-B14 antigen to estimate the frequency of heterozygosity for the
      attenuated congenital adrenal hyperplasia trait. A 30-min iv ACTH stimulation
      test was administered to 9 normal HLA-B14-positive subjects and to a comparable
      HLA-B14-negative control group. Changes in plasma progesterone and 17
      hydroxyprogesterone over 30 min were summed and expressed as a combined rate of
      rise. Six of 9 HLA-B14-positive individuals had a rate of rise greater than 2 SD
      above the mean control value. On this basis, about two thirds of B-14-positive
      individuals are heterozygote carriers for 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Thus, the
      frequency of the attenuated form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia linked to the
      HLA-B14 locus in women is approximately 1 in 6000 if there is only 1 B14, and 1
      in 2000 if there are 2 B14s in the HLA type.

PMID- 3871789
TI  - Osteocalcin in human serum: a circadian rhythm.
AB  - Osteocalcin, the vitamin K-dependent protein synthesized in bone, is found in
      blood. The level of circulating osteocalcin has recently been used as an
      indicator of the rate of bone turnover. We measured serum osteocalcin during 24-h
      periods in 6 normal 20- to 30-yr-old men and 4 women. Blood was sampled via an
      indwelling venous catheter every 30 or 60 min for 24 h. Circadian rhythmicity in
      circulating osteocalcin was found in 9 of the 10 individuals studied. Osteocalcin
      levels fell during the morning, rose in the afternoon and early evening, and
      reached a peak nocturnally. There were no consistent correlations between
      osteocalcin concentrations and circulating levels of ionized calcium, total
      calcium, or inorganic phosphate in the subjects tested. This study illustrates
      the importance of regulating the time of blood sampling for osteocalcin
      determinations in clinical investigations of metabolic bone disease.

PMID- 3871790
TI  - Comparison of methods for serotyping isolates of Haemophilus influenzae.
AB  - This study compared four methods for serotyping isolates of Haemophilus
      influenzae. Slide agglutination with commercial antisera (Difco Laboratories and
      Wellcome Diagnostics), coagglutination (Phadebact Haemophilus Test [Pharmacia
      Fine Chemicals]), latex agglutination with affinity-purified anticapsular
      antibody, and counterimmunoelectrophoresis with multiple antisera were used to
      serotype 80 isolates of H. influenzae. Coagglutination and
      counterimmunoelectrophoresis correctly identified all 80 isolates as either type
      b or not type b. Slide agglutination and latex agglutination each successfully
      identified 76 of the 80 isolates; however, each of these two methods failed to
      type four isolates because of agglutination of controls. We recommend slide
      agglutination or coagglutination as the serotyping methods of choice in most
      laboratories because they are simple, accurate, and rapid. Slide agglutination
      with Difco antiserum can be performed at the lowest cost.

PMID- 3871791
TI  - Immunological dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from Alzheimer's patients and apparently healthy
      elderly individuals were examined for interleukin-1 (IL-1) production. Our
      results indicate severely low production of IL-1 by patient's peripheral blood
      monocytes. The low production of IL-1 in vitro correlated with patients' symptoms
      and therapy with 1-acetamide,2-pyrrolidone (1a,2p). In addition to low IL-1
      production, the number of autologous rosette forming cells (ARFC) was
      significantly decreased in all Alzheimer's patients whereas B-cell glucose
      metabolism was significantly higher than age-matched healthy individuals.

PMID- 3871792
TI  - T cell subsets in multiple sclerosis. A longitudinal study of exacerbating
      remitting cases.
AB  - Twenty-four untreated MS patients with exacerbating-remitting disease were
      longitudinally studied for T-cell subset distribution within peripheral blood,
      using monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT4 and OKT8. A decreased percentage of OKT8
      reactive cells, with a correlative increase of the OKT4/OKT8 ratio, was detected
      in relapsing MS patients, in most cases within 2 weeks before and 1 week after
      the onset of relapse. Longitudinal analysis of individual fluctuations allowed to
      detect during relapse an increase of OKT4/OKT8 ratio over the value recorded
      during remission in 78% of MS patients. Only 50% of patients however exhibited an
      OKT4/OKT8 ratio exceeding the 5% confidence upper limit of healthy control
      values. Relapse was more often associated with T-cell subset abnormalities in
      patients who suffered several attacks during the period of study. MS patients in
      remission, when considered as a group did not show significant abnormalities of
      the T-cell subset balance, although some individuals did present with wider T
      cell subset fluctuations than healthy controls.

PMID- 3871793
TI  - Sensitization to epithelial antigens in chronic mucosal inflammatory disease.
      Characterization of human intestinal mucosa-derived mononuclear cells reactive
      with purified epithelial cell-associated components in vitro.
AB  - To explore the auto-reactive potential of cells infiltrating the gut mucosa in
      idiopathic chronic inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal lamina propria
      mononuclear cells (LPMC) were isolated, characterized morphologically and
      phenotypically, and evaluated for antigen-specific reactivity. The last was
      assessed by quantitating LPMC cytotoxic capabilities against purified, aqueous
      soluble, organ-specific epithelial cell-associated components (ECAC)
      characterized previously. Enzyme-isolated inflammatory bowel disease LPMC were
      constituted primarily by T lymphocytes (57 +/- 12% OKT 3-positive), B lymphocytes
      (18 +/- 9% surface immunoglobulin-positive), and macrophages (11 +/- 6% esterase
      positive), and were responsive to phytohemagglutinin (mean uptake 86,933 cpm/5 X
      10(5) cells). LPMC present in abnormal segments from 71% of patients with chronic
      inflammatory bowel disease were cytotoxic for ECAC isolated from colon (12.5 +/-
      8.9% specific lysis) and small bowel (7.1 +/- 6.5%), but not for kidney control
      antigen (0.8 +/- 1.1%) isolated in a manner analogous to that used for ECAC (P
      less than 0.02). In contrast, despite comparable responses to phytohemagglutinin
      (mean uptake 59,200 cpm/5 X 10(5) cells), LPMC from histologically normal mucosa
      of patients with benign (adult megacolon, Hirshsprung's disease, diverticulosis)
      or malignant disease failed to lyse indicator cells labeled with colon-derived
      ECAC (0.3 +/- 0.08%), small bowel-derived ECAC (0.4 +/- 1.11%), or kidney antigen
      (0.29 +/- 0.79%). LPMC reactivity for individual gel-purified macromolecules of
      small bowel-derived ECAC (designated as the "P" series of components) was
      greatest against component P1 (by 2-3-fold), but was detectable against three
      other purified components as well. The addition of patient's serum did not
      enhance cytotoxicity to ECAC. Characterization of the cytotoxic cell showed that
      it was nonadherent to plastic surfaces, bore T lymphocyte-specific markers
      detectable by OKT 11 and OKT 3 monoclonal antibodies, and could be depleted by
      removal of cells with receptors for sheep erythrocytes. ECAC-specific reactivity
      was markedly reduced (greater than 93%) in most experiments when LPMC were
      preincubated for 1 h with ECAC. These data support the concept that
      autosensitization to several epithelial cell-associated components has occurred
      in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease, and provide initial evidence
      that antigen-specific, cell-mediated mechanisms may play a role in the
      pathogenesis of these disorders.

PMID- 3871794
TI  - Cytosine arabinoside transport and metabolism in acute leukemias and T cell
      lymphoblastic lymphoma.
AB  - Cytosine arabinoside (araC) has proven efficacy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML),
      but its place in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and T
      lymphoblastic lymphoma is uncertain. The therapeutic potential of araC has been
      assessed in patients with AML, ALL, and T lymphoblastic lymphoma by measuring the
      conversion of araC to its active metabolite, the 5'-triphosphate of araC
      (araCTP), in purified blasts from patients as well as in normal polymorphs and
      lymphocytes. In all leukemias, araCTP was the major intracellular metabolite of
      araC. The highest araCTP formation was in blasts from T lymphoblastic lymphoma,
      which formed threefold more nucleotide than myeloblasts, and in turn myeloblasts
      formed twofold more araCTP than lymphoblasts from ALL. The mean araCTP formation
      in myeloblasts was sixfold greater than polymorphs, but in contrast, lymphoblasts
      and lymphocytes formed low and similar amounts of this nucleotide. Reasons for
      the sixfold range in araCTP accumulation in the various leukemic blasts were
      studied. The mean size of myeloblasts was 35-70% larger than lymphoblasts when
      compared on the basis of protein or intracellular water content, but T
      lymphoblastic lymphoma blasts and lymphoblasts were the same size. Activities of
      deoxycytidine kinase, deoxycytidylate deaminase, and pyrimidine nucleoside
      monophosphate kinase were not different between any of the leukemic cell types.
      The number of nucleoside transport sites on blasts was estimated by measuring the
      equilibrium binding of [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR), which binds with high
      affinity to the transporter. Scatchard analysis yielded mean values of 27,500
      sites/cell for T lymphoblastic lymphoma blasts, 10,000 sites/cell for
      myeloblasts, and 2,300 sites/cell for lymphoblasts. Our previous work has shown
      that araC influx correlates with the maximum number of 3H-NBMPR binding sites in
      leukemic and normal white cells. A strong correlation was observed between the
      number of nucleoside transport sites per leukemic blast cell and the accumulation
      of intracellular araCTP from extracellular araC at 1 microM. Membrane transport
      of araC at the low concentrations (approximately 1 microM), which are achieved
      therapeutically, is a major rate-limiting step in its conversion to araCTP by
      leukemic blast cells. Myeloblasts form more araCTP than lymphoblasts because of
      both higher nucleoside transport capacity and larger cell size. The highest
      nucleoside transport capacity and largest conversion of araC to araCTP is in T
      lymphoblastic lymphoma, which suggests that araC may be effective in the
      treatment of this disease.

PMID- 3871796
TI  - Age-related expression of juvenile periodontitis.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that localized and generalized juvenile periodontitis is
      one disease entity, the localization of bone loss was measured from
      orthopantomograms of 88 patients with untreated juvenile periodontitis. Linear
      regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the age of the
      patient and the number of teeth with bone loss. Similarly, a correlation was
      found between the Gingival Bleeding Index scores, the age of the patient, and the
      number of affected teeth. It is concluded that juvenile periodontitis, known to
      be genetically controlled, is a disease entity which starts as a localized form
      with affected first molars and/or incisors and develops, if not treated,
      gradually to the generalized form of the same disease, which resembles the adult
      periodontitis.

PMID- 3871795
TI  - Effects of in vitro corticosteroids on B cell activation, proliferation, and
      differentiation.
AB  - The present study demonstrates the graded effect of in vitro corticosteroids
      (CSs) on the different phases of B cell activation, proliferation, and
      differentiation. Early events such as activation and proliferation of high-dose
      anti-mu or Staphylococcus aureus-stimulated B cells are profoundly suppressed by
      the presence of in vitro CSs. The suppressed proliferative response may be
      mediated by a direct effect on B cells and/or modulation of accessory cell
      function. Later events in the B cell cycle such as the proliferative response to
      B cell growth factor after either in vivo or in vitro activation are less
      sensitive to the suppressive effects of in vitro CSs. The final events in the B
      cell cycle; namely, the differentiation to the immunoglobulin-producing state, is
      not suppressed by in vitro CSs. Indeed, depending on the systems employed, there
      is either no effect or enhancement of immunoglobulin secretion by the presence of
      in vitro CSs. The graded effect of in vitro CSs on the discrete phases of the B
      cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation cycle provide new insights
      into the complex nature of CS-induced modulation of human B cell responses.

PMID- 3871797
TI  - Bioinequivalence of erythromycin ethylsuccinate and enteric-coated erythromycin
      pellets following multiple oral doses.
AB  - Bioequivalence comparisons between erythromycin ethylsuccinate and an enteric
      coated erythromycin base pellet product were made following multiple-dose, oral
      administration. Twenty-four volunteers participated in a ten-dose protocol (one
      dosage unit every six hours) using a complete crossover design. Plasma samples
      were assayed using a microbiological method specific for erythromycin base in the
      presence of the ester. Without correcting for the differences in doses
      administered, the amount of active erythromycin base absorbed from the enteric
      coated pellet (250 mg base) was five to seven times that absorbed from the
      erythromycin ethylsuccinate product (400 mg base equivalent) at steady state.
      Erythromycin ethylsuccinate is not bioequivalent to an enteric-coated
      erythromycin base pellet product. The lower bioavailability of the ethylsuccinate
      may be due to instability in the acidic medium of the stomach.

PMID- 3871798
TI  - Early stages in the formation of the cerebellum in the frog.
AB  - The formation of the cerebellum was studied during the first 6 months of the
      tadpole stage of the bullfrog by using standard histological methods and
      reconstructions from serial horizontal sections. Three major developmental phases
      were noted in the formation of the cerebellum. (1) During the first 5 weeks of
      development, the neuroepithelium proliferated and the dorsal mesencephalic plates
      increased in size. (2) Starting in the sixth week, a patch of neuroepithelium
      began to differentiate and gave rise to a small population of Purkinje cells. In
      subsequent weeks, the area of differentiation continued to spread and a Purkinje
      cell layer became established along the dorsal margin of the cerebellar plate.
      (3) In the 12th week, the ventrolateral part of the cerebellar plate began to
      increase in size and generate two populations of small cells. The lateralmost
      part of the neuroepithelium in this area generated a group of cells that formed
      an external granular layer that was one cell deep. Cells of this external
      granular layer migrated inward into the primitive molecular layer, and by the
      26th week only a remnant of an external granular layer remained in the
      cerebellum. The more medially situated part of the neuroepithelium gave rise to
      another population of small cells that formed a column, which appeared to be
      continuous with the Purkinje cells, but differed from them in size. It should be
      noted that full maturation of the cerebellum occurs during metamorphosis, which
      in this species remains some 2 years away.

PMID- 3871799
TI  - The immune response to Echinococcus granulosus: sequential histological
      observations of lymphoreticular and connective tissues during early murine
      infection.
AB  - This paper describes the organ weight changes and the early (0 to 56 days)
      histological and ultrastructural changes in the lymphoid structures and injection
      sites after subcutaneous infection of Balb/c mice with Echinococcus granulosus
      protoscolices (psc). Local lymph nodes enlarged markedly, reaching maximal weight
      5 to 14 days after infection (pi). Expansion of the thymus-dependent areas of
      draining lymph nodes was first recognized at 3 days pi and reached a maximum
      between 14 and 21 days pi. Lymphoproliferation within B-cell-dependent areas was
      less extensive and of shorter duration. Comparable, but diminished, changes were
      seen in contralateral lymph nodes and spleen. Lymphoid cell depletion was
      observed in T-dependent areas of lymphoid organs by 56 days pi. Local
      inflammatory reactions to psc, at the site of injection, were intense, involving
      neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages and mast cells. Viable psc were present
      until at least 6 weeks pi. The central role of the T-lymphocyte in recognition
      of, and response, to E. granulosus psc is discussed.

PMID- 3871800
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus in patients with chronic cutaneous (discoid) lupus
      erythematosus. Clinical and laboratory findings in seventeen patients.
AB  - The presence of the discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) skin lesion in a patient
      with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been suggested to be a marker of less
      frequent and less severe renal disease. The clinical and laboratory features of
      seventeen patients who were seen in a dermatology practice and who had DLE as a
      manifestation of SLE (DLE-SLE) are reported. DLE preceded the diagnosis of SLE in
      eight patients. In six patients, the onset was concurrent, whereas in three the
      SLE was present prior to the discoid skin lesions. Five of the patients had
      lesions of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE), and Raynaud's
      phenomenon occurred in eight patients. Clinical evidence of a renal abnormality
      was present in six patients (hematuria in three, proteinuria in five, and
      abnormal renal function in two). Antibodies to nuclear and/or cytoplasmic
      components were abnormal in all patients. Antibody subsets did not correlate well
      with clinical findings; only half of those with Raynaud's phenomenon demonstrated
      a positive ribonucleoprotein; only one patient with SCLE demonstrated anti-Ro
      (SSA) antibody, but four of the six patients with a renal abnormality had an
      elevated anti-native deoxyribonucleic acid antibody titer. The cutaneous lesions
      were eventually widespread in all patients, although two had initial disease that
      was localized to the head and neck. Although renal disease occurs in this group,
      it is less common and usually milder than in previous groups of unselected SLE
      patients.

PMID- 3871801
TI  - Influence of intravascular activity on the determination of blood flow and oxygen
      extraction in normal and ulcerated legs using the 15O steady-state technique and
      positron emission tomography.
AB  - An analysis using the 15O steady-state inhalation technique has been carried out
      into the effects of correction for intravascular activity on the determination of
      blood flow and oxygen extraction ratio (OER) in the legs of patients affected by
      ulceration. Transaxial images of the distribution of activity in a plane passing
      through the ulcer were obtained during steady-state inhalation of C15O2 and 15O2,
      respectively, using a single slice positron emission tomographic scanner. From
      these, the basic tracer model equations were solved to obtain blood flow and
      oxygen extraction with and without additional correction for the presence of
      intravascular activity. The latter was obtained from a scan following the
      inhalation of a tracer quantity of 11CO, which labels the red blood cell pool.
      Mean blood flow and OER in ulcerated regions were 0.087 ml/ml/min and 0.33,
      respectively. With correction for blood volume, assumed to be all venous, the
      mean OER decreased to 0.12. In the "mirror" region of normal legs mean blood flow
      was 0.011 ml/ml/min with uncorrected and corrected OER values of 0.87 and 0.75,
      respectively. The effect of assuming a nonzero arterial volume increases as flow
      and OER decrease but is uncertain due to the unknown arterial fraction.
      Correction for intravascular 15O is essential and generally the assumption that
      all blood volume is venous is adequate.

PMID- 3871802
TI  - Cerebellopontine pneumocephalus acting as a space occupying lesion: CT
      demonstration.

PMID- 3871803
TI  - Validation of exercise-enhanced risk assessment of coronary heart disease events:
      longitudinal changes in incidence in Seattle community practice.
AB  - Noninvasive criteria developed in a learning series for exercise-enhanced risk
      assessment for events due to coronary heart disease have been applied to a test
      series in a later population sample. Men in the same age and risk groups for each
      pretest clinical classification show similar gradients of risk. Thus, exercise
      enhanced criteria for risk assessment are validated. Age-standardized event rates
      show a reduction longitudinally in healthy men and patients who have had coronary
      bypass surgery.

PMID- 3871805
TI  - Emergency abdominal procedures in patients above 70.
AB  - The tremendous increase of emergency abdominal operations in elderly adults is
      due to the growing geriatric population, many with abdominal pathology. There
      also seems to be a greater willingness of the surgeon to operate on these
      patients. This report deals with 200 consecutive abdominal emergency operations
      in patients above age 70. During a period of 8 years, 472 operations in this age
      group were performed; there was a total of 871 emergency operations in all ages.
      The number of men was higher than women. The commonest cause of surgery in this
      group was biliary disease, followed by intestinal obstruction. Appendicitis was
      responsible for only 15% of the geriatric emergencies. The results suggest that
      early surgery with definitive procedures offers the best chance of success.

PMID- 3871804
TI  - The effects of triacetyloleandomycin and oleandomycin phosphate on the
      glucocorticoid receptor in cultured skin fibroblasts.
AB  - Triacetyloleandomycin (TAO) has been described as a "steroid-sparing" drug in
      that poorly controlled asthmatic patients can be stabilized or improved with the
      addition of TAO despite decreasing dosages of steroids, specifically
      methylprednisolone (MP). It is not clear whether the beneficial effects of TAO
      are due to decreased MP clearance or are due to enhanced glucocorticoid effect
      peripherally. We tested the latter possibility by studying the interaction of TAO
      and oleandomycin phosphate (OLEO), the active metabolite of TAO in vivo, with
      glucocorticoid receptors in dispersed, intact cultured human skin fibroblasts.
      With the use of cells incubated with [3H]dexamethasone at 22 degrees C, we
      examined the competitive binding properties of TAO and OLEO (at varying
      concentrations) with and without MP as compared with several other steroids and
      MP alone. We also studied the effects on cellular glucocorticoid receptor number
      and affinity when TAO at a concentration of 4 X 10(-5) alone, at 10(-5) M in
      combination with a receptor saturating concentration of MP (5 X 10(-8) M), with
      MP alone, or with OLEO (10(-5) M) combined with MP was added to fibroblasts in
      the growth phase 1 wk before assay. TAO and OLEO did not compete for the binding
      of [3H]dexamethasone to the fibroblast glucocorticoid receptor, nor did they
      alter the binding properties of MP. With prolonged cellular exposure, TAO alone
      did not alter the number of glucocorticoid receptors (per cell) or their affinity
      for [3H]dexamethasone. Interestingly, prolonged exposure to saturating
      concentrations of MP alone decreased glucocorticoid receptor density; this effect
      was not altered by the presence of TAO or OLEO.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3871806
TI  - 44-year-old man with rectal bleeding.

PMID- 3871807
TI  - Modulation of cytolytic T cell function by lectins.
AB  - Human thymocytes cultured for 5 days in interleukin 2 containing supernatants (IL
      2 Sup) virtually become a population of mature T cells (T3+, HTA-) that acquires
      strong cytotoxic activity against NK-sensitive and NK-resistant target cells. The
      addition of different lectins to the cultures abrogated the expression of the
      cytotoxic activity and enhanced thymocyte proliferation. The modulation of this
      cytotoxic activity by lectins has the following properties: a) inhibition of
      cytotoxicity is related to the concentration of lectins added, but does not
      correlate with their mitogenic properties, because either strong mitogens such as
      PHA or weak mitogens such as wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) are both able to
      strongly decrease cytotoxicity; b) lectin presence is not required at the onset
      of the culture but is required during the last 24 hr of the 5-day incubation
      period; c) reversion of inhibition with full expression of cytotoxic activity can
      be obtained after removal of the lectin and subsequent culture in lectin-free
      conditions for at least an 18 to 24 hr period; d) lack of cytotoxicity is
      observed regardless of target cell specificities and cannot be overcome in a
      lectin-dependent cytotoxicity assay (LDCC); and e) abrogation of cytotoxicity is
      not restricted to thymocyte cultures because it can also be observed in
      peripheral lymphocytes. These results cannot be explained by a simple steric
      blockade, the overgrowth of a distinctive noncytotoxic lymphocyte population,
      autologous killing, or a failure in the recognition phase of the lytic event.
      Modulation by lectins of function-associated cell surface structures implicated
      in cytolysis is discussed as an alternative hypothesis that might account for the
      observed phenomenon.

PMID- 3871808
TI  - Frequency analysis of functional immunoglobulin C- and V-gene expression by
      mitogen-reactive B cells in germfree mice fed chemically defined ultra-filtered
      "antigen-free" diet.
AB  - The frequencies of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-reactive B cells and their antibody
      specificity repertoire have been determined in the spleen and bone marrow (BM) of
      conventional (CV) and "antigen-free" C3H/HeCr mice of various ages. The antigen
      free mice were germfree (GF)-raised and were fed an ultrafiltered solution of
      chemically defined (CD) low m.w. nutrients, and were thus devoid of exogenous
      antigenic stimulation. Spleen and BM cells were grown in a limiting dilution
      culture system that allows the growth and development of every newly formed LPS
      reactive B cell into a clone of IgM-secreting cells which are capable of
      switching to other immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain isotypes (C-gene expression).
      The secretion of IgM and IgG1 was determined in the protein A plaque assay,
      whereas specific IgM antibody-secreting cells (V-gene expression) were detected
      in plaque assays specific for various heterologous erythrocytes and sheep red
      blood cells (SRBC) coupled with a number of different haptens. The absolute
      frequency of LPS-reactive B cells and their capacity to switch to IgG1-secretion
      was not significantly different in 8- to 12-wk-old and 52-wk-old GF-CD mice and
      their age-matched CV controls. Moreover, no differences were observed in the
      frequencies of antigen-specific B cells within the pool of LPS reactive B cells.
      These frequencies ranged from 1 in 20 to 1 in 50 for NIP4-SRBC and NNP2-SRBC,
      from 1 in 100 to 1 in 150 for NIP0.4-SRBC, from 1 in 50 to 1 in 100 for TNP30
      SRBC, and from 1 in 1000 to 1 in 2000 for SRBC and horse red blood cells. Within
      the limitations of having determined the switching capacity of IgM to IgG1 only
      and having assessed only a minor fraction of the total B cell antibody
      specificity repertoire, the data indicate that young and old GF-CD mice, although
      devoid of exogenous antigenic and/or mitogenic stimulation, generate B cells with
      a similar switching capacity and a similar IgM antibody specificity repertoire as
      CV mice.

PMID- 3871810
TI  - Pronase treatment of lymphocytes reduces the time required for onset of S phase
      in response to anti-immunoglobulin.
AB  - Murine B lymphocytes in the presence of antibody specific for surface membrane
      immunoglobulin begin to synthesize DNA at about the 36th hr of culture, although
      the onset of synthesis in response to other B cell-reactive mitogens occurs at
      approximately 18 hr. In contrast, the onset of DNA synthesis by Pronase-treated
      cells in response to anti-immunoglobulin required only 18 hr. This earlier onset
      of S phase was not observed when Pronase treatment was performed in the presence
      of ovalbumin or the protease inhibitors phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride or
      aprotinin. It is unlikely that simple carryover of Pronase from the treatment
      procedure to the cell culture process was involved, because Pronase treatment for
      1 hr at 3 degrees C rather than at 37 degrees C did not result in early onset of
      DNA synthesis. Cells treated with Pronase and then with mitomycin C to
      irreversibly inhibit their capacity to synthesize DNA were incapable of inducing
      early onset of S phase on co-culture with untreated cells, suggesting that
      Pronase may act directly on B cells rather than indirectly via other cells in the
      splenocyte population.

PMID- 3871809
TI  - Maturation of B cell subpopulations responding to phosphorylcholine.
AB  - In this study, the order of appearance of B cell precursors responding to
      different phosphorylcholine (PC) antigens was investigated. Cells from neonatal
      BALB/c mice were transferred to male (CBA/N X BALB/c)F1 immunodeficient mice, and
      splenic fragment cultures were set up at different times after transfer. Because
      Xid F1 mice are unable to mount a primary anti-PC response, the time to prepare
      fragment cultures after cell transfer could be prolonged. This created an
      expanded maturation effect in which small differences in the response pattern of
      different precursor subsets are amplified. Splenic fragment cultures containing
      neonatal precursors were immunized with PG-TGG-HY (TD antigen), PnC (TI-2
      antigen), or PC-TGG-LPS (TI-1 antigen), or with combinations of these antigens.
      The in vitro responses to these antigens were found to be additive, indicating
      the existence of different subpopulations. The detected precursors were also
      analyzed with respect to the T15 idiotype, which is the normally dominant
      idiotype of the response against PC in BALB/c mice. The analysis demonstrated a
      distinctly different maturation sequence of the three B cell subsets in which the
      order of appearance is: TI-1, TD, and TI-2 responding precursors. The T15
      idiotype is expressed dominantly in all stages except the early stage of the TI-1
      precursors.

PMID- 3871811
TI  - Presentation of antigen by B cells: functional dependence on radiation dose,
      interleukins, cellular activation, and differential glycosylation.
AB  - Whether resting B cells can present antigen to T cells is controversial. Several
      factors can influence the outcome of an assessment of the presenting function of
      resting B cells: the method of purifying resting B cells and maintaining them in
      culture without altering their resting state, the sensitivity of resting B cells
      to gamma-irradiation, the activation state of the T cells used to assess
      presenting function, and the requirement for exogenous interleukin 1. We have
      examined all of these variables and find that one adherent antigen-presenting
      cell is functionally equivalent to four LPS-activated B cells and to 1000 resting
      B cells. In addition, we have examined the potential functional relevance of the
      differential glycosylation of Ia molecules on resting B cells compared with
      adherent antigen-presenting cells. Altering the surface glycosylation of resting
      B cells by neuraminidase treatment results in a 25-fold increase in B cell
      antigen presentation without altering their resting state. More important, among
      antigen-presenting cells the effect of neuraminidase is limited to resting B
      cells. It also appears to involve a restricting element such as the Ia molecule
      rather than total cell surface charge, because neuraminidase treatment has no
      effect on the capacity of resting B cells to serve as accessory cells in the Con
      A response.

PMID- 3871812
TI  - Regulation of human B lymphopoiesis: effect of a urinary activity associated with
      cyclic neutropenia.
AB  - Urine from a patient with cyclic neutropenia was found to contain a lymphopoietic
      activity that acts as a growth factor for human pre-B cells. This biologic
      activity was detectable during the week preceding, but not during, the period of
      neutropenia. This corresponded with a periodic excessive accumulation of pre-B
      cells in the marrow of this patient. Urine preparations were added to cultures of
      normal human bone marrow that had been depleted of B cells. Pre-B cells were
      generated in these cultures but not in cultures containing urine preparations
      from normal donors. Pre-B cells were also generated from bone marrow that had
      been depleted of 177.17+ cells and the majority of pre-B cells. This is the first
      report of a hemopoietic activity which affects human pre-B cells. This activity
      may represent a normal regulatory molecule that is periodically produced in
      excess in this patient.

PMID- 3871813
TI  - Agar human T cell colony growth promoted by a B + null cell-derived lymphokine
      distinct from IL 2.
AB  - Human T cell agar colonies can be grown under PHA stimulation from either mature
      T cells or their E rosette-negative (E-), OKT3- peripheral blood and bone marrow
      precursors. Colonies comprise a majority of mature E+, OKT3+ cells and a minor (5
      to 10%) population of immature E-, T3-, T8-, T4-, DR+, T10+, RFB1+ cells, which
      upon replating in subculture, can generate secondary colonies of OKT3+, E+,
      OKT4+, OKT8+ cells. Secondary colony formation can serve as a test for growth
      requirement of colony precursors, because it depends on the presence of both PHA
      and a colony-promoting activity (CPA) recovered in PHA-stimulated B + null or T +
      adherent cell supernatants. CPA production by B + null cells was not affected by
      their treatment with OKT3 or D66 (T11-like) monoclonal antibodies (MAB) +
      complement but was abolished by an anti-HLA-DR MAB + complement. However, B cells
      sorted by panning with the same anti-HLA-DR MAB did not release CPA,
      demonstrating the requirement of both B cells and null cells for CPA production.
      Neither IL 2 nor IL 1 could account for B + null cell-derived CPA.

PMID- 3871814
TI  - Induction of interleukin 2 from a murine B cell tumor by a factor found in immune
      serum.
AB  - The murine B cell tumor line 2 PK-3 secretes T cell growth factor activity after
      incubation for 6 to 48 hr with a factor present in heterologous immune serum. T
      cell growth factor derived from 2 PK-3 was compared with IL 2 produced by the Con
      A-induced T lymphoma cell line EL-4 G12. These studies indicated that T cell
      growth factor activities derived from both cell lines were similar with respect
      to m.w., pI values, and the ability to support growth of two IL 2-dependent T
      cell clones. Three preparations of immune sera were found to be active in the
      induction of IL 2 activity from 2 PK-3 cells, including rabbit anti-mouse brain,
      rabbit anti-complete Freund's adjuvant, and goat anti-mouse Ig. None of these
      preparations, however, induced IL 2 from EL-4 G12 cells. It was also observed
      that LPS synergized with immune serum to produce enhanced activity. Normal sera
      prepared from unimmunized animals were not active in the induction of IL 2
      activity. Fractionation of immune serum on protein A Sepharose suggested that the
      IL 2-inducing agent is not IgG.

PMID- 3871815
TI  - Characterization of murine T cell activation signals produced by B lymphoma
      cells.
AB  - The activation requirements of alloreactive and antigen reactive murine T cells
      were examined by stimulating class II restricted T cell clones with monoclonal B
      lymphoma cells. One B lymphoma cell line (T27A) was found to stimulate IL 2
      release from some alloreactive T cell clones without stimulating any significant
      T cell proliferation response. The same B lymphoma cells are capable of
      stimulating IL 2 release and proliferative responses from other T cell clones.
      Evidence is presented suggesting that B lymphoma cell stimulation of these T cell
      clones is largely IL 1 independent and that at least some T cell clones may
      require activation signals other than Ia, antigen, and IL 1. The addition of
      exogenous, purified IL 1 to the T cell activation assays was found to have a wide
      range of stimulatory effects on the proliferative responses of different T cell
      clones. The absence of comparable IL 1-induced stimulation of IL 2 secretion
      suggests that IL 1 primarily enhances antigen specific T cell proliferation
      through mechanisms other than acting as a co-stimulant for IL 2 release.

PMID- 3871816
TI  - Identification of the neutral glycosphingolipids of murine mast cells: expression
      of Forssman glycolipid by the serosal but not the bone marrow-derived subclass.
AB  - The expression of neutral glycosphingolipids by mouse T cell-dependent, bone
      marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) obtained in vitro was determined by
      chromatographic and immunochemical criteria. Neutral glycosphingolipids were
      isolated from BMMC by extraction of 3 to 5 X 10(8) cells in chloroform/methanol
      (1/1, v/v) and chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex, and were analyzed by thin layer
      chromatography with orcinol staining. The predominant neutral glycosphingolipids
      of BMMC were glucosylceramide (CMH), lactosylceramide (CDH), globotriosylceramide
      (CTH), globotetraosylceramide (globoside), and a molecule migrating slightly
      faster than gangliotetraosylceramide (asialo GM1) and slower than
      globopentaosylceramide (Forssman glycolipid). The profiles on thin layer
      chromatograms of the neutral glycosphingolipids were the same for BMMC derived
      from BALB/c, C57BL/6, WBBF1-W/Wv, and WBBF1-+/+ mice, and for cells
      differentiated in either WEHI-3 conditioned medium or concanavalin A-splenocyte
      conditioned medium. High performance liquid chromatography of benzoylated neutral
      glycosphingolipids of BMMC on a Zipax column confirmed the identity of the four
      neutral glycosphingolipids identified by thin layer chromatography. The fifth
      major glycosphingolipid had an elution time greater than that of
      globotetraosylceramide and did not co-elute with any of the standards tested.
      Direct biochemical analyses of the neutral glycosphingolipids of mouse serosal
      mast cells (SMC) were not feasible because only 2 X 10(6) SMC could be isolated
      per 100 mice. However, mouse SMC bound a rat monoclonal anti
      globopentaosylceramide antibody (M1/87.27.7) and rat monoclonal B1.1 antibody, as
      assessed by indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, whereas mouse BMMC
      did not. The binding of B1.1 antibody to SMC could be blocked by the anti
      globopentaosylceramide antibody, and the specificity of B1.1 antibody for
      globopentaosylceramide was confirmed immunochemically with the use of a solid
      phase radioimmunoassay. As estimated immunochemically, the amount of
      globopentaosylceramide in mouse SMC was 62 ng/10(6) cells, whereas BMMC contained
      less than 8 ng/10(6) cells. Thus, the expression of globopentaosylceramide is a
      characteristic of the mouse SMC that is lacking in the T cell-dependent BMMC.

PMID- 3871817
TI  - Phorbol esters specifically inhibit induction of immunoglobulin secretion in a
      murine B cell leukemia.
AB  - We have examined the effect of tumor-promoting phorbol esters such as phorbol
      myristate acetate (PMA) on the murine B cell leukemia BCL-1 and its in vitro
      adapted derivative CW.13.20. Phorbol esters, including PMA and phorbol dibutyrate
      (PDBu), were potent inhibitors of BCL-1 IgM secretion induced by either LPS or
      lymphokines; half-maximal inhibition was obtained with 0.1 nM PMA and 0.8 nm
      PDBu. The inhibitory action of PDBu on BCL-1 cells was reversible for over 1 hr,
      but after 5 hr 70% of the inhibition was irreversible. Irreversible inhibition
      could be blocked by cycloheximide, suggesting a requirement for protein
      synthesis. The specificity of PDBu inhibition was examined by comparing the
      patterns of protein synthesis in PDBu-treated and control BCL-1 cells. Total
      incorporation of [35S]methionine into protein by BCL-1 cells cultured in the
      presence of PDBu was similar to that of untreated cells. Analysis of radiolabeled
      proteins by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography revealed no consistent changes in the
      pattern of protein synthesis except at those positions corresponding to the heavy
      and light chains of IgM. Immunoprecipitation with an affinity-purified anti-IgM
      indicated that PDBu inhibited the increased synthesis of heavy and light chain
      that follows stimulation by lymphokine but did not diminish control IgM
      synthesis. Induced IgM secretion from CW.13.20 cells was also inhibited by
      phorbol esters, indicating a direct action on B cells. Delaying the addition of
      phorbol ester relative to lymphokine or LPS by 24 hr significantly reduced
      inhibition of induced IgM secretion from both BCL-1 and CW.13.20 cells. This
      suggests that phorbol esters specifically interfere with the signal for induction
      of IgM secretion by both lymphokine and LPS.

PMID- 3871818
TI  - Direct evidence for the role of LGL in the inhibition of experimental tumor
      metastases.
AB  - The role of NK cells in the control of the metastatic spread of tumor cells was
      studied. Rats pretreated with rabbit anti-asialo GM1 (anti-asGM1) serum exhibited
      a diminished ability to destroy circulating MADB106 mammary adenocarcinoma cells,
      which in turn caused an increased incidence of experimental pulmonary metastasis.
      The anti-asGM1 treatment caused a selective inhibition of NK activity without
      detectable effect on T cell-mediated immunity, and overall had no effect on the
      cytotoxic activity or numbers of alveolar macrophages (alv.M phi) or monocytes.
      The suggestion of a role for NK cells in resistance to metastases from the
      MADB106 tumor cells was confirmed by the adoptive transfer of 5 X 10(6) highly
      purified large granular lymphocytes (LGL) into NK-depressed animals 2 hr before
      tumor challenge. This transfer of LGL, highly enriched in NK activity, partially
      or fully restored the ability of these rats to inhibit the development of
      pulmonary metastases. This ability to adoptively transfer resistance to
      metastases appeared to be confined to the LGL population, because transfer of the
      same number of mature peripheral blood T cells had no effect on tumor
      development. These results provide the first unequivocal evidence that LGL, with
      high NK activity, are involved in in vivo resistance to tumors, particularly in
      the elimination of potentially metastatic tumor cells from the circulation and
      capillary beds.

PMID- 3871819
TI  - DNA antibodies from autoimmune sera also bind mitochondrial DNA.

PMID- 3871821
TI  - Dendritic cells as accessory cells in antigen-specific murine T lymphocyte
      proliferation in vitro.
AB  - The role of dendritic cells in antigen-induced murine T lymphocyte activation was
      studied by addition of purified dendritic cells to purified lymph node T
      lymphocytes from ovalbumin-primed mice. In the presence of the priming antigen T
      cells generated an antigen-specific response. The response was at least 3-fold
      higher with the use of a modified IMDM culture medium. The complete requirement
      for accessory cells was demonstrated only when nylon wool-purified T lymphocytes
      were thoroughly depleted of Ia antigen-expressing cells. Dendritic cells as well
      as peritoneal exudate macrophages were equally effective as antigen-presenting
      cells.

PMID- 3871820
TI  - Cell-surface modification with an iodinatible imidoester to enhance
      radiolabeling.
AB  - A procedure to enhance incorporation of radioactive iodine into cell-surface
      proteins is described. The effects of chemical modification of cells with the
      iodinatible haptens N-succinimidyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (Bolton-Hunter
      reagent) and methyl-p-hydroxybenzimidate HC1 (Wood reagent) are compared. The
      Wood reagent, that does not alter the charge of the modified amino group, is
      superior in retention of cell viability and function. Cell-surface modification
      with the Wood reagent prior to radiolabeling is particularly useful for detecting
      antigens not readily iodinated using standard techniques.

PMID- 3871823
TI  - A method of purifying sheep sIg+ lymphocytes as a tool for class II MHC antigen
      analysis.
AB  - A method is described for the purification of sheep lymphocytes carrying class II
      MHC antigens. After incubation of purified blood lymphocytes on anti-IgM-coated
      petri dishes, the adherent fraction contained 95% sIg-positive cells determined
      by immunofluorescence. When tested with cross-reacting anti-class II (bovine and
      human) monoclonal antibodies, more than 95% of these cells were positive either
      by immunofluorescence or cytotoxicity. This technique will permit studies of the
      polymorphism of sheep class II antigens.

PMID- 3871822
TI  - Establishment of stable human T-T hybridomas.
AB  - Human T-T hybridomas potentially provide an invaluable resource for a variety of
      immunoregulatory molecules that modulate the immune response. To date, success in
      this technology, using human cell populations, has been hampered by several
      problems associated with proliferative and functional instability of the hybrid
      cells. These forms of instability are the result of a multifactorial process,
      with 1 parameter of importance being the chromosome number of the malignant
      parent cell line used for fusion. The present studies describe the production of
      a stable human T-T hybridoma generated by fusing a near diploid (modal chromosome
      number of 48) aminopterin-sensitive T cell line, CEM TG E11, and lectin
      stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The rapidly growing hybrid cells
      have been clonally selected for the production of a B cell growth factor.
      Hybridization was documented by the presence of HLA phenotypes reflecting the
      combined antigens of the fusion partners. Fusions with 4 other partners besides
      CEM TG E11, where the majority of the cells had modal chromosome numbers ranging
      from 78 to 94, were proliferatively unstable. To date, hybrid cells derived from
      the CEM TG E11 fusion have been doubling approximately every 48 h for greater
      than 12 months, and selected clones constitutively produce B cell growth factor.

PMID- 3871824
TI  - Epidermal hyperplasia and wool follicle regression in sheep infused with
      epidermal growth factor.
AB  - The proliferative activities of germinative cells of the wool follicles and the
      epidermis have been determined in sheep treated with epidermal growth factor
      (EGF). Infusions of 0.17-0.72 mg EGF/kg metabolic body weight (MBW) for 28 h
      resulted in marked declines in the mitotic indices (MI) of the follicle bulb cell
      populations 24 h after the beginning of treatment, the lowest values being
      recorded at 48 h. Follicular activity subsequently recovered and the MI returned
      to preinfusion levels after 3-8 days. The inhibition of fiber production
      resulting from the decline in bulb cell division caused the development of a
      break in the fleece. By contrast, the MI of the peripheral cells of the sebaceous
      gland acini and the basal cells of the epidermis increased after EGF treatment,
      reaching peaks 48-72 h after the beginning of infusion. The degree to which all
      of these responses were observed appeared to be approximately correlated with the
      amount of EGF administered.

PMID- 3871825
TI  - Alteration of lymphocyte functions by 8-methoxypsoralen and longwave ultraviolet
      radiation. I. Suppressive effects of PUVA on T-lymphocyte migration in vitro.
AB  - We investigated the influence of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) plus long-wave
      ultraviolet radiation (PUVA) on lymphocyte migration in vitro. Nylon wool
      purified, mouse splenic T lymphocytes showed locomotive responses to casein,
      normal mouse serum (NMS), and zymosan-activated mouse serum (ZAS). Migratory
      responses to casein and NMS, and to ZAS were remarkably suppressed in lymphocytes
      exposed to 0.5 J/cm2 UVA plus 0.1 micrograms/ml 8-MOP and to 0.8 J/cm2 UVA plus 8
      MOP, respectively. The PUVA treatment used in the present study had no effect on
      random movement and lymphocyte viability. T lymphocytes cultured in the absence
      of mitogenic agent for 24 h demonstrated a greater increase in their migration
      activity than noncultured cells, while lymphocytes cultured after 1.0 J/cm2 PUVA
      pretreatment remained low. These findings suggest that the therapeutic effect of
      PUVA on inflammatory skin disorders may be due in part to the suppression of
      lymphocyte migration.

PMID- 3871826
TI  - Induction of human interleukin-1 by toxic-shock-syndrome toxin-1.
AB  - Strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with toxic shock syndrome
      (TSS) make a characteristic protein known as toxic-shock-syndrome toxin-1 (TSST
      1), but the role of this protein in the pathogenesis of TSS is not certain. We
      have purified TSST-1 by using a combination of alcohol precipitation, isoelectric
      focusing, and gel chromatography. TSST-1 has an isoelectric point of 7.2 and a
      molecular weight of 23,100, in accordance with previously published
      determinations for this protein, and is serologically identical to pyrogenic
      exotoxin C and staphylococcal enterotoxin F. In highly purified form, TSST-1 is a
      potent inducer of interleukin-1 production by human monocytes, as quantitated in
      a thymocyte-proliferation assay. This capability is not attributable to
      contamination by other staphylococcal products or gram-negative endotoxin and can
      be blocked by hydrocortisone. Many features of TSS suggest that induction of
      interleukin-1 by TSST-1 in vivo may play a central role in the elaboration of
      this disease.

PMID- 3871827
TI  - Production of interleukin-2 by rat lymph node cells stimulated by Mycoplasma
      pulmonis membranes.

PMID- 3871828
TI  - Reversal of T cell helper/suppressor ratios in intravenous drug abusers with
      nonopportunistic infections.

PMID- 3871829
TI  - Enhancement of erythroid progenitor cell growth in medium conditioned by a human
      cancer cell line, KONT.
AB  - Erythroid-potentiating activity (EPA) was detected in culture medium conditioned
      by a human cancer cell line (KONT) that produces colony-stimulating activity
      (CSA), using erythroid colony formation in vitro. EPA in the medium conditioned
      by the KONT cells (KONT-CM) was markedly heat stable. After treating KONT-CM at
      80 degrees C for 30 min, 30% EPA remained, while CSA was completely inactivated.
      Both EPA and CSA appeared in approximately the same fractions of the gel
      filtration, indicating a molecular weight of approximately 30,000 daltons. EPA
      bound partially to Concanavalin-A Sepharose, whereas CSA almost did not bind. Our
      results indicate that EPA can be separated from CSA based on heat stability and
      binding to Concanavalin-A Sepharose.

PMID- 3871830
TI  - The Hodgkin's cell in nodular sclerosis does not release interleukin-1.
AB  - Cell cultures were established from lymph nodes from eight patients with nodular
      sclerosing Hodgkin's disease and 12 controls. The patient cultures were
      demonstrated to produce a transforming growth factor for fibroblasts; none of the
      control cultures produced this transforming growth factor. The serum-containing
      and serum-free conditioned media were also tested for interleukin-1 activity
      produced by these cultures. Two nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease cell
      cultures produced measurable levels of interleukin-1 activity, and one had
      persistent levels of interleukin-1 activity after depletion of normal
      macrophages. However, nonspecific esterase stains confirmed the persistence of
      many normal macrophages. Two alveolar macrophage cultures had measurable
      interleukin-1 but did not induce fibroblast colony formation in soft agar. These
      data suggest that the Hodgkin's cell does not produce measurable levels of
      interleukin-1 and that interleukin-1 derived from the Hodgkin's cell is not the
      mediator responsible for the fibroblast hyperplasia and agar colony formation
      produced by cell cultures from nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3871831
TI  - Antibodies against Yersinia enterocolitica in patients with Reiter's syndrome.
AB  - Reiter's syndrome can be induced by several different bacteria. A frequent cause
      in Finland is Yersinia enterocolitica serotypes 03 and 09, but these strains are
      rarely found in the United States. Although this does not exclude the possibility
      that U.S. patients with Reiter's syndrome have been infected with Yersinia, it is
      more likely that they develop Reiter's syndrome as a consequence of infection by
      non-Yersinia arthritis-causing organisms that share certain determinants with
      Yersinia organisms. We used radioimmunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to analyze the serum antibodies against iodine
      125-labeled, detergent-solubilized serotype 03 Y. enterocolitica. Our results
      demonstrated that most serum samples of United States subjects precipitate three
      to five radioactively labeled Yersinia molecules. A Yersinia antigen of 88K
      appeared to be of possible discriminatory value. Protein A-reacting antibodies
      directed against this antigen were detected in only two of twenty-five patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis and only seven of 44 normal control subjects, compared
      with 18 of 27 patients with Reiter's syndrome (p less than 0.005) and eight of 16
      patients with ankylosing spondylitis (p less than 0.01). Our results indicate
      that, despite the relatively rare occurrence of Y. enterocolitica serotypes 03
      and 09 infection in the United States, examination of the immune response to the
      serotype 03 Yersinia strain is a promising approach to the study of Reiter's
      syndrome in the United States.

PMID- 3871832
TI  - Staccato left anterior descending artery occlusion: a recognizable subset of
      unstable angina.
AB  - Twenty-four of 96 patients with unstable angina exhibited transient ST-T
      abnormalities in anterior electrocardiographic leads at rest combined with severe
      subtotal stenosis (80% to 95% narrowing) of the proximal left anterior descending
      artery (LAD). This entity is termed staccato LAD occlusion to signify the
      probable pathophysiology responsible for the patients' repeated episodes of
      ischemic cardiac angina. Although staccato LAD occlusion represents a minority of
      patients hospitalized with unstable angina, it includes most who suffer cardiac
      complications. Among patients treated medically, 10 of 16 with staccato LAD
      occlusion developed anterior myocardial infarction, whereas cardiac complications
      occurred in only three of the remaining 50 patients with unstable angina during
      the 4-month follow-up period (p less than 0.001). Medical treatment of staccato
      LAD occlusion should be directed primarily against coronary occlusion.
      Considering the high risk of myocardial infarction, until reliable methods for
      preventing the threatened occlusion are demonstrated, urgent coronary bypass
      surgery seems warranted for these patients.

PMID- 3871833
TI  - A nine-year study of ear disease in Australian aboriginal children.

PMID- 3871834
TI  - Effect of in vivo administration of Lyt antibodies. Lyt phenotype of T cells in
      lymphoid tissues and blocking of tumor rejection.
AB  - After transplantation of B6RV2 leukemia, initial tumor growth was followed by
      tumor regression in B6 (CB6F1) female, but not male, mice. This indicated that H
      Y antigen is involved in B6RV2 rejection by syngeneic female recipient mice. In
      the case of another leukemia, BALB.RL male 1, and Ir gene, probably identical to
      the Rgv-1 gene, is responsible for RL male 1 rejection. Thus, F1 hybrids of
      BALB/c with certain other strains of mice can reject RL male 1. Using these two
      different systems of tumor rejection, we investigated the effects of in vivo
      administration of Lyt and Thy-1 monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Results showed that
      Lyt-2 and -3 mAb blocked both B6RV2 rejection by B6 female mice and BALB.RL male
      1 rejection by CB6F1 mice. The specificity of blocking was confirmed by use of
      Lyt-2 and -3 mAb to reciprocal alleles and mice from B6 Lyt-congeneic stocks. No
      blocking was observed with Lyt-1 and Thy-1 mAb. The Lyt phenotype of T cells in
      lymphoid tissues from mice treated with mAb was then studied. Blocking of the Lyt
      2+3+ population was observed in the lymph node and spleen, but not in the thymus.
      These results indicate the involvement of Lyt-2+3+ cells (or Lyt-2,3 antigen) in
      tumor rejection. The precise mechanism of blocking is unknown, but it was
      observed after even a single injection of Lyt-2,3 mAb on day 9 after tumor
      transplantation, suggesting that effector cells were functionally blocked, rather
      than that the generation of these cells was inhibited.

PMID- 3871835
TI  - Induction of severe autoimmune disease in normal mice by simultaneous action of
      multiple immunostimulators.
AB  - Either of two immunostimulating factors (lpr, lipopolysaccharide) enhanced the
      pathogenic autoimmune responses of MRL/n mice, but the serologic and
      immunopathologic characteristics differed. In contrast, either factor acting
      alone, caused minimal immunopathology in normal mice, despite autoantibody
      induction. Combined immunostimulation, however, caused fatal glomerulonephritis
      in normal-background C57BL/6 mice. These results show the profound influence of
      the background genome on the effects of immunostimulating agents, and show that
      resistance to autoimmune disease in immunologically normal mice is not absolute.

PMID- 3871836
TI  - Human interleukin 1. Purification to homogeneity.
AB  - We have purified human interleukin 1 (IL-1) to homogeneity by a simplified
      procedure that results in excellent yields of pure material that retains a high
      level of biological activity. IL-1, secreted by human peripheral blood
      macrophages that have been stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus, was purified by
      ion exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography on Procion Red agarose.
      The pure protein has a specific activity of 3.2 X 10(8) U/mg in the thymocyte
      mitogenesis assay, and is pyrogenic. No molecular weight heterogeneity was
      observed, in contrast to findings for mouse IL-1 and earlier reports of human IL
      1. Purified IL-1, as analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis/electrofocusing
      gels, exhibited a series of charged species with isoelectric points ranging from
      6.0 to 4.9, all with a molecular weight of approximately 17,500. Amino acid
      analysis indicated an abundance of acidic residues, in agreement with the low
      isoelectric points. There is little or no cysteine in the molecule. No evidence
      was found for the presence of carbohydrate moieties. The overall yield for this
      procedure was approximately 31% of the activity contained in the initial culture
      supernatant.

PMID- 3871838
TI  - Ovine pineal indoles: effects of L-tryptophan or L-5-hydroxytryptophan
      administration.
AB  - L-5-Hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) (20 or 200 mg/kg i.p.) but not L-tryptophan (500
      mg/kg i.p.) loading substantially increases serum melatonin in sheep. In the
      present study we examined the effects of these compounds on pineal serotonin and
      six serotonin metabolites. L-Tryptophan failed to increase 5-hydroxytryptamine (5
      HT; serotonin) or any of its metabolites despite a five-fold increase in pineal
      tryptophan. In contrast, L-5-HTP loading produced a marked increase in pineal 5
      HT and its metabolites, including N-acetylserotonin (NAS) and melatonin,
      indicating that an increased synthesis of melatonin is responsible for the
      increased serum melatonin concentration after loading with this precursor. No
      change in pineal indoleamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity was seen. These
      results are consistent with the suggestion that, during daytime in the sheep, 5
      HT availability may limit the production of melatonin.

PMID- 3871839
TI  - Effects of high-pressure helium on gamma-[3H]aminobutyric acid release from the
      isolated frog spinal cord.
AB  - The application of high pressure in vivo causes a hyperexcitability syndrome
      involving tremors and convulsions. Drugs that potentiate GABA transmission
      protect animals against this syndrome. It is possible that changes in gamma
      aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission may underlie the hyperexcitability. We have
      therefore investigated the effects of pressure on the components of GABA
      transmission in vitro. After incubation with [3H]GABA, hemisected frog spinal
      cords were superfused inside a pressure chamber and perfusate fractions were
      collected every 10 min. Helium, at 50 or 100 atm, did not alter the spontaneous
      release of GABA, but if electrical stimulation had been applied previously, then
      pressure caused a prolonged increase in GABA release. Helium at 50 atm did not
      alter the evoked release during electrical stimulation, but at 100 atm this was
      increased. This increase was smaller in the absence of calcium. No corresponding
      changes in [14C]urea efflux were seen, suggesting that the effects were not due
      to nonselective membrane permeability changes. The results are consistent with
      the known effects of pressure on neuronal activity, such as repetitive firing,
      but they do not suggest a selective action on the GABA release process.

PMID- 3871837
TI  - Murine epidermal Langerhans cells mature into potent immunostimulatory dendritic
      cells in vitro.
AB  - Murine epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) have been studied in tissue culture and
      compared to spleen dendritic cells (DC). LC comprised 3% of the starting cell
      suspensions and were distinguished from keratinocytes by cytology and reactivity
      with anti-Ia and anti-Mac-1 monoclonal antibodies. The LC were nonadherent, had a
      low buoyant density, did not proliferate, and could be enriched to 10-50% purity.
      LC continued to exhibit Ia and Mac-1 antigens for 4 d in culture. However, LC
      rapidly lost Birbeck granules, Fc receptors, F4/80 antigen, and cytochemical
      reactivity for nonspecific esterase and membrane ATPase. As a result, the
      ultrastructure and phenotype of cultured LC became remarkably similar to lymphoid
      DC. Stimulatory capacity for T cell proliferative responses (oxidative
      mitogenesis and the mixed leukocyte reaction) was monitored daily. Initially,
      stimulatory capacity was very weak, even though LC expressed substantial levels
      of Ia antigens. After 2-3 d in culture, LC had become 3-10 times more potent than
      spleen DC. 30 LC could induce significant responses in cultures of 3 X 10(5)
      responding T cells. Removal of Ia+ LC at the start of culture ablated the
      development of stimulatory activity, but exposure to 1,500 rad of ionizing
      irradiation did not. Mixing experiments showed that contaminating Ia- epidermal
      cells did not alter the function of Ia+ stimulators. Therefore, LC seem to be
      immunologically immature, but acquire many of the features of spleen DC during
      culture. We suggest that functioning lymphoid DC may, in general, be derived from
      less mature precursors located in nonlymphoid tissues.

PMID- 3871840
TI  - Quantitation of mast cells in experimental allergic neuritis.
AB  - The number and extent of degranulation of mast cells in the sciatic nerve have
      been determined in Lewis rats inoculated with bovine intradural root myelin to
      induce experimental allergic neuritis (EAN). No significant change in either the
      number of mast cells or the percentage of degranulated cells was observed before
      eight days post-inoculation (dpi). On day eight, however, there was a significant
      decrease in the number of detectable mast cells, and on day nine there was a
      significant increase in the percentage of degranulated cells. These changes
      immediately preceded the onset of clinical signs of EAN that occurred ten dpi.
      The number of detectable mast cells remained low throughout the acute stage of
      the disease, but by three weeks post-inoculation (wpi) there was a significant
      increase in the number of mast cells (or basophils) that persisted through 16
      wpi. The increase in the percentage of degranulated mast cells also persisted
      through 16 wpi. These results suggest that mast cells participate in the
      development of EAN in the Lewis rat.

PMID- 3871841
TI  - Directional asymmetries of optokinetic nystagmus: developmental changes and
      relation to the accessory optic system and to the vestibular system.
AB  - To investigate the relation of the directional organization of the accessory
      optic system (AOS) to that of its principal behavioral output, optokinetic
      nystagmus (OKN), we measured the eye velocity during OKN in response to 14
      directions of stimulus motion, including horizontal, vertical, cyclorotational
      (rotations about the optic axis), and intermediate directions in both neonatal
      and older chickens. We found substantial and consistent OKN asymmetries between
      opposite directions of stimulus motion when the stimuli were viewed monocularly;
      the asymmetries were largest to combinations of cyclorotational and vertical
      stimulus motion and to horizontal stimulus motion. The highest gain of OKN in the
      older animals was in response to two directions of stimulus motion: horizontal
      temporal-to-nasal and a combination of excyclorotation and downward. In addition,
      OKN to upward moving stimuli was consistently better than to downward stimuli.
      The association of high OKN gain in the older animals with the pattern of visual
      motion produced by head movements exciting the contralateral anterior
      semicircular canal suggests a possible vestibular organization of the optokinetic
      system. The response pattern of the newly hatched chickens differed in three ways
      from that of the older animals: in the non-horizontal stimulus directions the
      best direction was to upward and excyclorotational stimulus motion; the
      horizontal asymmetry was somewhat less strong; and the OKN gain to high velocity
      horizontal stimulus motion was lower. The change in directional pattern of OKN
      over the first weeks of life appears related to a corresponding change in anatomy
      of the AOS.

PMID- 3871842
TI  - Motor nerve terminal outgrowth and acetylcholine receptors: inhibition of
      terminal outgrowth by alpha-bungarotoxin and anti-acetylcholine receptor
      antibody.
AB  - Motor nerves undergo extensive terminal outgrowth when the muscles they supply
      are "functionally denervated." In this study, we have investigated the role of
      the acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), newly appearing in such muscles, in
      promoting nerve terminal outgrowth. The amount of outgrowth was determined by
      morphometric measurement of nerve terminal branching, endplate length, and
      ultraterminal sprouts, in cholinesterase-silver-stained neuromuscular junctions.
      Presynaptic neuromuscular blockade with botulinum toxin induced pronounced nerve
      terminal outgrowth in both the rat and mouse soleus muscles, although
      ultraterminal sprouts did not occur in the rat soleus. By contrast, postsynaptic
      neuromuscular blockade with alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BuTx) induced little or no
      terminal outgrowth, although it caused "functional denervation." Moreover, alpha
      BuTx and anti-AChR antibody inhibited the terminal outgrowth otherwise induced by
      botulinum toxin. Other types of motor nerve growth, such as nerve regeneration,
      were unaffected by these agents. Our results are consistent with the concept that
      extrajunctional AChRs in skeletal muscle play an important role in the control of
      motor nerve terminal outgrowth at neuromuscular junctions.

PMID- 3871843
TI  - Stable xenon CT blood flow mapping for evaluation of patients with extracranial
      intracranial bypass surgery.
AB  - Xenon computerized tomography (Xe CT) blood flow studies were conducted in 25
      patients referred for a possible extracranial-intracranial bypass procedure for
      occlusive vascular disease in one or more extra- or intracranial vessels. These
      studies were helpful in selecting eight candidates for surgery. The Xe CT studies
      were performed at one or two brain levels using a prototype Xe CT system for
      measurement of cerebral blood flow which was designed in collaboration with the
      General Electric Co., and adapted for the GE 9800 scanner. In those patients
      selected to undergo operation, Xe CT demonstrated compromise of flow reserve
      regionally, globally, and/or in the watershed area. All eight patients who
      underwent the procedure showed a favorable clinical response postoperatively, and
      seven had a dramatic increase in flow. The 17 patients whose baseline CT studies
      showed no reduction of flow with the Xe CT method were not selected for surgery.
      All 25 patients have remained neurologically stable to date. Case studies of
      three of the eight patients undergoing bypass surgery are presented. This limited
      but consistent experience suggests that Xe CT blood flow mapping makes possible
      the recognition of brain regions in which flow reserves are compromised. This is
      due to the relatively high degree of spatial resolution that this technique
      provides and to the fact that mapping can be correlated directly with the
      anatomy. Used in combination with a careful clinical examination and an accurate
      medical history, this study method appears to be a useful guide in the selection
      of patients who are most at risk from hemodynamic instability and those who are
      most likely to benefit from flow-augmentation surgery.

PMID- 3871844
TI  - Electrical stimulation of the brain in treatment of chronic pain. Experience over
      5 years.
AB  - Forty-eight patients underwent electrical stimulation of the brain for treatment
      of chronic pain between 1978 and 1983. Average pain duration prior to treatment
      was 4.5 years. Before selection for this procedure patients underwent pain
      treatment in a multidisciplinary pain center, intensive psychological and
      psychiatric evaluation, and assessment of pain responsiveness to intravenous
      administration of placebo, morphine, and naloxone. A total of 71 electrodes were
      placed in the 48 patients at a variety of stimulating targets, including the
      periaqueductal gray matter, periventricular gray matter, thalamus, and internal
      capsule. Seventy-two percent of patients experienced complete or partial pain
      relief. In addition, 59% of patients were able to discontinue narcotic usage.
      Twenty-five percent of patients returned to normal physical activities and
      another 33% showed marked improvement in functional capacity. Follow-up periods
      ranged from 2 to 60 months; with a mean follow-up period of 20 months. A variety
      of relatively minor complications occurred, but no mortality or permanent
      sequelae were experienced. No patient's pain was made worse as a result of
      electrical stimulation. Electrical stimulation of the brain offers a safe and
      relatively effective method for the treatment of chronic pain in appropriately
      selected patients, who are unresponsive to other forms of therapy.

PMID- 3871845
TI  - Pain suppression induced by electrical stimulation of the pontine parabrachial
      region. Experimental study in cats.
AB  - Cholinergic stimulation by microinjection of drugs into a region surrounding the
      lateral half of the brachium conjunctivum selectively produces a non-opiate form
      of pain suppression in the cat. Since this suppression does not appear to involve
      neural systems that mediate morphine analgesia, stimulation of this pontine
      parabrachial region (PBR) may potentially be useful for control of human pain
      resistant or tolerant to opiate treatment. Because of technical problems
      associated with the clinical use of microinjection techniques in the human brain,
      we investigated whether electrical stimulation of the PBR can produce pain
      suppression similar to pain suppression produced by cholinergic stimulation. The
      results indicate that electrical stimulation of an area generally corresponding
      to the PBR can also produce significant pain suppression. Although the PBR is a
      region previously implicated in a variety of behavioral and physiological
      functions, the stimulation parameters that produce maximal pain suppressive
      effects (namely, low frequency and relatively low intensity) were not associated
      with noticeable changes in such functions. The prolonged onset period and
      persistent analgesic effects outlasting the period of stimulation--features that
      have been reported in other studies of brain stimulation-produced pain
      suppression--were observed in the present study. The time course of pain
      suppression did not parallel other changes in behavioral and physiological
      functions. These data indicate that electrical stimulation of the PBR, under
      certain stimulation parameters, can activate previously demonstrated neural
      populations related to pain suppression without affecting neural elements
      contributing to other behavioral or physiological functions. The authors suggest
      that electrical stimulation of the PBR may be clinically applicable for treatment
      of human pain.

PMID- 3871846
TI  - Regional cerebral blood flow and metabolism in reversible ischemia due to
      vasospasm. Determination by positron emission tomography.
AB  - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and regional cerebral metabolic rate of
      oxygen (rCMRO2) were measured by positron emission tomography (PET) in four
      patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and hemiparesis due to cerebral vasospasm.
      With resolution of the vasospasm, two patients recovered and two remained
      hemiparetic. Contralateral to the hemiparesis, rCBF was slightly higher in the
      two patients who eventually recovered (15.0 and 16.2 ml/100 gm/min) than in the
      two who remained hemiparetic (12.0 and 11.7 ml/100 gm/min). The rCMRO2
      measurements showed similar differences, with values of 1.34 and 2.60 ml/100
      gm/min in the patients who recovered, and 0.72 and 1.66 ml/100 gm/min in those
      who did not. These preliminary findings indicate that with PET studies it may be
      possible to prospectively differentiate patients with neurological deficits due
      to reversible ischemia from patients with irreversible infarction.

PMID- 3871847
TI  - Immediate effects of spinal cord stimulation in spinal spasticity.
AB  - Six patients with intractable spasms after spinal cord injury underwent
      implantation of an epidural spinal cord stimulation system. All the patients
      experienced good relief postoperatively. In three patients spinal cord
      stimulation consistently produced immediate inhibition of the spasms. This was
      evident within less than 1 minute of stimulation. Conversely, the spasms
      reappeared within less than 1 minute after cessation of the stimulation. The
      clinical observations were confirmed by polygraphic electromyographic recordings.

PMID- 3871848
TI  - Amyloidomas in the cerebellopontine angle and jugular foramen. Case report.
AB  - The 47-year-old man reported here showed large encapsulated masses in the left
      cerebellopontine angle and 6 years later in the enlarged left jugular foramen.
      Histologically, the tumors demonstrated a large deposit of amyloid composed of
      immunoglobulin light chain-derived proteins (AL). There was no evidence of
      chronic inflammatory or infectious processes or immunoglobulin abnormalities.

PMID- 3871849
TI  - Estimates of left ventricular volumes by equilibrium radionuclide angiography:
      importance of attenuation correction.

PMID- 3871850
TI  - Linearity of hue cancellation in sex-linked dichromacy.
AB  - The results of several recent studies concur in the finding that for normal
      trichromats red-green hue-cancellation data obey linearity properties over rather
      general conditions, but for most observers yellow-blue hue-cancellation data do
      not. It is of interest to examine the question of cancellation linearity in sex
      linked dichromats under the assumption that they represent reduced systems. We
      measured both the wavelength of the spectral achromatic point over a large range
      of intensities and yellow-blue hue-cancellation functions over the full spectrum
      and at several luminance levels in protanopes and deuteranopes. Both sets of data
      for the two types of dichromat satisfy linearity properties. These results are
      consistent with a model in which both cone receptor response functions have the
      same form. Implications for trichromatic opponent-response functions are
      considered.

PMID- 3871851
TI  - Analgesic therapy for dental pain: the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

PMID- 3871852
TI  - Colonic variceal bleeding in a child.
AB  - A 5-year-old girl with biliary atresia is described who developed lower
      gastrointestinal bleeding from colonic varices. Vasopressin infusions temporarily
      controlled the bleeding. Following a right hemicolectomy the bleeding has not
      recurred.

PMID- 3871853
TI  - Inhibition of types A and B monoamine oxidase by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridine.
AB  - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was studied as an inhibitor
      of type A monoamine oxidase (MAO) acting on [14C]serotonin as substrate and of
      type B MAO acting on [14C]phenylethylamine as substrate. MPTP was a reasonably
      potent (Ki = 9 microM), competitive, reversible inhibitor of MAO-A from rat brain
      in vitro. MPTP given at a 30-mg/kg i.p. dose antagonized the irreversible
      inactivation of MAO-A in rat brain by pargyline, indicating that it inhibited MAO
      A in vivo. At that same dose, MPTP prevented the conversion of dopamine released
      by Ro 4-1284 to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and attenuated its conversion to
      homovanillic acid. Because dopamine is mainly deaminated by MAO-A, at least in
      rodent brain, inhibition of MAO-A by MPTP might play some part in its production
      of persistent effects on striatal dopamine neurons such as protection of
      intraneuronal, extragranular dopamine from deamination. MPTP was less potent as
      an inhibitor of MAO-B from rat brain in vitro (Ki = 106 microM). In contrast to
      the inhibition of MAO-A, the inhibition of MAO-B by MPTP showed noncompetitive
      kinetics, was not fully reversible by dialysis and was time dependent. The
      characteristics of MAO-B inhibition are like those of a kcat inhibitor, which is
      acted upon by an enzyme to produce a reactive product that can covalently attach
      to the enzyme or other macromolecules.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3871854
TI  - Kinetics of drug action in disease states. VII. Effect of experimental renal
      dysfunction on the pharmacodynamics of ethanol in rats.
AB  - This investigation was designed to determine if renal dysfunction is associated
      with an increased sensitivity to the CNS depressant effect of ethanol. Adult
      female Lewis rats were given injections of either 2 or 5 mg/kg of uranyl nitrate
      (saline for controls) or had both ureters ligated (sham operation for controls)
      to provide different experimental models of renal dysfunction. Normal and renal
      dysfunction (ureter-ligated) rats were infused i.v. with ethanol at rates of 8.1,
      16.3 or 32.6 mg/min; concentrations of ethanol in cerebrospinal fluid, serum and
      brain at onset of loss of righting reflex were independent of infusion rate in
      both groups, indicating rapid equilibration of ethanol between the sampling sites
      and the biophase. Ethanol concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid at onset and
      offset (after approximately 110 min of sleep) of loss of righting reflex were not
      significantly different, reflecting negligible acute tolerance development under
      the experimental conditions. Ethanol concentrations at onset of loss of righting
      reflex in cerebrospinal fluid, serum and brain of rats with severe renal
      dysfunction (5 mg/kg of uranyl nitrate-treated and ureterligated groups) were
      slightly but statistically significantly lower than in normal controls. This
      difference was relatively much smaller than the difference in phenobarbital
      concentrations observed in a similar preceding study, which is consistent with
      the different mechanisms of action of alcohols and barbiturates.

PMID- 3871855
TI  - Kinetics of drug action in disease states. IX. Effect of experimental fever on
      phenobarbital concentrations at onset of loss of righting reflex in rats.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of fever on the
      concentration-pharmacologic activity relationship of phenobarbital (PB). Fever
      was produced in adult female Lewis rats by either bacterial endotoxin or brewer's
      yeast. Endotoxin elevated body temperature by 0.9 +/- 0.6 degrees C in one study
      and by 1.0 +/- 0.4 degrees C in another. Brewer's yeast caused a more pronounced
      and protracted elevation of temperature averaging 1.8 +/- 0.3 degrees C at the
      time of the pharmacodynamic measurements. PB was administered by slow i.v.
      infusion until the rats lost their righting reflex. The concentrations of PB at
      that time in serum, cerebrospinal fluid and brain were appreciably lower in the
      hyperpyrexic than in control (saline-treated) animals, irrespective of the method
      used to produce fever. Thus, fever is associated with an increased sensitivity of
      the central nervous system to the depressant effect of PB. This observation may
      be of particular relevance to the use of PB for the treatment and prevention of
      febrile convulsions.

PMID- 3871856
TI  - Synergistic effect of progesterone on prostaglandin E modulation of the mitogenic
      response of human peripheral lymphocytes.
AB  - The combined effects of prostaglandins of the E series (PGE) and progesterone
      (P), both of which are found to increase locally in the secretory endometrium,
      were studied in mitogen-stimulated cultures of lymphocytes from human peripheral
      blood. When added separately to lymphocyte cultures, both PGE and P produced a
      concentration-dependent inhibition of T-cell, but not B-cell, mitogenesis. If
      added together, these agents caused a much greater inhibition of T-cell
      mitogenesis, with marked synergy, than that observed with either agent alone. The
      synergistic inhibition was achieved with endometrial concentrations of PGE and P.
      The kinetics of PGE- and P-mediated inhibition investigated at various times
      during lymphocyte activation indicated that both agents affected the early events
      of T-cell mitogenesis. PGE- and P-inhibition of T-cell mitogenesis were shown to
      be reversible phenomena by washing the cells treated with these agents. These
      results suggest that elevated levels of PGE and P in the secretory endometrium,
      acting synergistically in inhibiting the proliferative response of T cells, may
      participate in facilitating implantation of histoincompatible fetal tissue in the
      maternal uterus as non-specific local immunosuppressive factors.

PMID- 3871857
TI  - Single measurements of chorionic gonadotropin and schwangerschafts protein for
      assessing gestational age and predicting the day of delivery.
AB  - Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and schwangerschafts protein 1 (SP1) were
      measured in blood samples from 26 women at 36-60 days of normal pregnancy. There
      was a highly significant linear correlation between the levels of these placental
      proteins and the stage of gestation as judged from the day of the last menstrual
      period and the day of spontaneous delivery at term. There was no relationship
      between hCG and SP1 levels in early pregnancy and the sex or birth weight of the
      child. These findings confirm the previous demonstration of the practical value
      of biochemical estimations in dating an early pregnancy. In addition, and for the
      first time, they demonstrate that such determinations may be used to ascertain
      the expected date of term delivery.

PMID- 3871858
TI  - Anaphylaxis to DPT vaccine.

PMID- 3871859
TI  - Synthesis and dihydropteridine reductase inhibitory effects of potential
      metabolites of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.
AB  - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a nigrostriatal neurotoxin
      which can cause irreversible parkinsonism in humans and primates by selective
      destruction of neurons in the substantia nigra. It is possible that MPTP could be
      metabolized by hydroxylation of the phenyl ring and/or aromatization of its
      nitrogen-containing ring. Hydroxylated derivatives of 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridine, 4-phenylpiperidine, and 4-phenylpyridine were synthesized and
      tested in vitro as inhibitors of dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) from human
      liver and rat striatal synaptosomes. It was found that all hydroxy derivatives
      were about 100-10 000 times more inhibitory than MPTP to DHPR. The inhibitory
      potency of the hydroxylated derivatives increased with the number of hydroxyl
      substitutions present on the phenyl ring (catechol greater than phenol) and with
      oxidation of the nitrogen-containing ring (pyridine greater than
      tetrahydropyridine greater than piperidine).

PMID- 3871860
TI  - Acyclic analogues of 2'-deoxynucleosides related to 9-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2
      propoxy)methyl]guanine as potential antiviral agents.
AB  - A series of acyclic analogues of 2'-deoxynucleosides related in structure to 9
      [(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]guanine (DHPG, 1) have been synthesized and
      evaluated for antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (F strain).
      Additionally, the ability of these analogues to function as substrates for the
      virus-specified thymidine kinase was examined. Phosphorylation by this kinase is
      essential for antiviral activity. Although the acyclic 4-oxopyrimidine
      nucleosides were substrates for the kinase, they were devoid of antiviral
      activity. In the purine series, most analogues similar in structure to DHPG did
      exhibit significantly lower antiviral activity, indicating that even small
      modifications in the purine substituents substantially reduce the antiviral
      potency. The most active agent, 2,6-diaminopurine 27, was only poorly
      phosphorylated by the viral kinase; therefore, its activity was most likely due
      to a prior enzymatic deamination to give DHPG. Evaluation of 27 in a mouse
      encephalitis model has shown it to be nearly as potent as DHPG (1).

PMID- 3871861
TI  - State of the art: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

PMID- 3871862
TI  - Fracturing of melamine-embedded cells and tissues: a new technique for studying
      cell membranes.
AB  - A new technique is presented for studying cell membranes by scanning electron
      microscopy. It is based on the observation that cells and tissues, embedded in a
      water-compatible melamine resin, are as hard as glass and consequently can be
      fractured with ease. Fracture faces so exposed are either sputter-coated for
      studying the surface topography or re-embedded for thin-sectioning, or both.
      Scanning electron microscopy shows that the fracture faces of a variety of
      tissues reveal cell membranes and associated structures with remarkable detail.
      Re-embedding and thin-sectioning of fractured frog retina, mycoplasma and red
      blood cells indicate that membranes become divided into their exo- and
      protoplasmic leaflets during fracturing. In this respect, the results reported
      here must be compared with conventional freeze-fracture techniques.

PMID- 3871863
TI  - Growth cones and the formation of central and peripheral neurites by sensory
      neurones in amphibian embryos.
AB  - We have examined the primary growth of neurites by Rohon-Beard sensory neurones
      in embryos of Xenopus, Rana, and Ambystoma. Using transmission electron
      microscopy we have confirmed that some central longitudinal neurites first grow
      directly under the basal lamina which surrounds the spinal cord in Xenopus
      embryos. Using scanning electron microscopy of dissected embryos we have followed
      the growth of neurites from the spinal cord to their target tissue, the skin.
      Comparisons between the three genera are made and detailed observations on growth
      cones during fasciculation, on the somites and on the basal lamina of the skin
      are presented. The observations are discussed in relation to possible influences
      on the course of growth of the developing neurites.

PMID- 3871864
TI  - Membrane specializations of neuritic growth cones in vivo: a quantitative IMP
      analysis.
AB  - The internal structure of the membranes of axonal and Schwann cell growth
      processes was examined by freeze-fracture in the growing olfactory nerve, a
      simple in vivo system consisting of a homogeneous neuronal population. Excision
      of the mature nerve of adult bullfrogs provides well-synchronized primary
      neuritic outgrowth that is highly enriched in growth cones at its distalmost
      segment. The extreme uniformity of olfactory axons in terms of their diameter and
      their intramembrane particle (IMP) composition permits clear identification of
      the cellular origin of the growth cone structures observed in replicas. In vivo,
      growth cones of the olfactory nerve appear as irregularly shaped enlargements of
      the distal tip; filopodia are only infrequently exposed by the fracture plane.
      Axonal and Schwann cell growth cones are distinguished by 1) the larger size of
      the Schwann cell growth cone and the smaller diameter of its attached processes,
      and 2) the distinct differences in IMP composition of Schwann cell and axonal
      growth cones and cell processes. Schwann cell growth cones display a uniformly
      high IMP density on their P-face leaflet, with the exception of circumscribed
      moundlike protrusions that are relatively free of IMPs. In contrast, axonal
      growth cones display sharp regional variation in IMP density on their P-face:
      broad regions almost devoid of IMPs are interspersed with zones of high IMP
      density. Cytotic profiles occur within high IMP density zones located, most
      often, at the base of the axonal growth cone. A comparison of IMP size histograms
      of both high and low-density regions of axonal growth cones and that of the
      neighboring distal shaft of the axon indicates a strict partitioning of membrane
      components between these two regions. The IMP profile of the axonal growth cone,
      notable for its relative enrichment in large-diameter particles, suggests that
      IMP components of the growth cone are delivered to the distal tip by a mechanism
      that is distinct from the lateral diffusion process described for particles of
      the growing axon's shaft [cf. Small and Pfenninger, 1984]. The IMP profile of the
      concave P-face leaflet of the internal vesicles found clustered at the base of
      the growth cone is more similar in composition to the profile of the neuronal
      shaft than that of the growth cone.

PMID- 3871866
TI  - Hemophilus influenzae epididymo-orchitis.
AB  - Epididymo-orchitis is an unusual cause of acute scrotal swelling in early
      childhood. We report the coexistence of otitis media and epididymo-orchitis owing
      to Hemophilus influenzae, type b in 2 children.

PMID- 3871865
TI  - A vaccinia virus DNase preparation which cross-links superhelical DNA.
AB  - Multiple DNA-dependent enzyme activities have been detected in highly purified
      preparations of a single-strand-specific nuclease from vaccinia virus. These
      enzyme preparations were extensively purified and characterized by using
      superhelical DNAs as substrates. In particular, the nuclease activity was
      monitored by the extent of conversion of supercoiled closed duplex DNA (DNA I) to
      nicked circular DNA (DNA II), which could subsequently be converted to duplex
      linear DNA (DNA III) by prolonged incubation with the enzyme. DNA species which
      were not substrates for the enzyme included relaxed closed duplex DNA, DNA II
      which had been prepared by nuclease S1 treatment or by photochemical nicking of
      DNA I, and DNA III. With plasmid pSM1 DNA as substrate, the extent of cleavage of
      DNA I to DNA II was found to increase with superhelix density above a threshold
      value of about -0.06. The linear reaction products were examined by gel
      electrophoresis after restriction enzyme digestion of the DNAs from plasmids pSM1
      and pBR322 and of the viral DNAs from bacteriophage phi X174 (replicative form)
      and simian virus 40, and the map coordinate locations of the scissions were
      determined. These products were further examined by electron microscopy and by
      gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. Electron micrographs taken under
      partially denaturing conditions revealed molecules with terminal loops or
      hairpins such as would result from the introduction of cross-links at the cutting
      sites. These species exhibited snapback renaturation. The denaturing gel
      electrophoresis experiments revealed the appearance of new bands at locations
      consistent with terminal cross-linking. With pSM1 and pBR322 DNAs, this band was
      shown to contain DNA that was approximately twice the length of a linear single
      strand. The terminal regions of the cross-linked linear duplex reaction products
      were sensitive to nuclease S1 but insensitive to proteinase K, suggesting that
      the structure is a hairpin loop not maintained by a protein linker. A similar
      structure is found in mature vaccinia virus DNA.

PMID- 3871867
TI  - Positron emission tomography: new analytic tool for vascular disease.
AB  - Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive technique that allows the
      quantification of regional physiologic and biochemical function in vivo.
      Biochemically active compounds, labeled with positron-emitting isotopes, are
      administered and the subsequent distribution of radioactivity measured. Although
      images are produced, they are of secondary importance to the ability to measure
      cellular metabolic function. The capability of PET to measure regional blood
      flow, oxygen, and substrate metabolism make it particularly useful in conditions
      of vascular compromise. Brain and heart have been studied extensively during
      normal function and while ischemic. PET is able to distinguish ischemic tissue
      from normal and reversibly from irreversibly injured tissue. PET has been used to
      document the need for and the metabolic response to vascular surgery. Although
      PET is complex and expensive, it may offer a means for establishing a more
      scientific basis for the therapy of vascular disease.

PMID- 3871868
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine shortage.

PMID- 3871869
TI  - Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1978 through 1981. The National
      Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance Study.
AB  - From 1977 to 1981, 18,642 cases of bacterial meningitis were reported to the
      Centers for Disease Control. We analyzed data from 27 states with full
      participation from 1978 through 1981. Hemophilus influenzae was the most frequent
      cause of bacterial meningitis (48.3%), followed by Neisseria meningitidis (19.6%)
      and Streptococcus pneumoniae (13.3%). Overall attack rates for males were greater
      than for females (3.3 v 2.6 cases per 10(5) population per year). Attack rates
      were highest in children under 1 year of age (76.7 per 10(5) population per
      year). Case-fatality ratios were highest for gram-negative and miscellaneous
      causes of bacterial meningitis (33.7%) and lowest for meningitis caused by H
      influenzae (6.0%). Neisseria meningitidis and S pneumonia meningitis occurred
      preponderantly during the winter, while H influenzae meningitis had peak activity
      in the spring and fall. Ampicillin resistance among H influenzae increased from
      18.7% in 1978, to 23.9% in 1981. Serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis was the most
      common serogroup identified during the reporting period (51.1%), followed by
      serogroup C (22.3%), serogroup Y (5.8%), and serogroup A (4.7%) infections.

PMID- 3871870
TI  - Aseptic meningitis, trimethoprim, and Sjogren's syndrome.

PMID- 3871871
TI  - Canine transmissible venereal sarcoma: quantitation of T-lymphocyte
      subpopulations during progressive growth and spontaneous tumor regression.
AB  - The levels of T-lymphocyte subpopulations expressing IgMFc and IgGFc receptors
      (i.e., T mu lymphocytes and T gamma lymphocytes, respectively) were quantitated
      for T-lymphocytes obtained from peripheral blood, draining and nondraining lymph
      nodes, and the tumor mass during progressive growth and spontaneous regression of
      the canine transmissible venereal sarcoma. Analysis of the T-lymphocyte
      subpopulations in these lymphoid compartments demonstrated that distinct profiles
      of T mu and T gamma lymphocytes correlated respectively with the growth and
      regression statuses of the tumor. The percent of T gamma lymphocytes in the
      peripheral blood of dogs with progressing, steady-state, and late-regressing
      tumors was significantly increased over that of control dogs (P less than .05, P
      less than .001, and P less than .001, respectively) and over that of dogs with
      early-regressing tumors (P less than .05, P less than .01, and P less than .02,
      respectively). The percent of T gamma lymphocytes in the lymph nodes draining the
      tumor was observed to have a significant increase in dogs with progressing (P
      less than .01), steady-state (P less than .01), and late-regressing (P less than
      .001) tumors compared with that in control dogs. The percentage of T gamma
      lymphocytes was observed to have a significant increase in the nondraining lymph
      nodes of dogs with steady-state and late-regressing tumors compared with that of
      control dogs (P less than .01 and P less than .002, respectively) and that of
      dogs with progressing tumors (P less than .001 and P less than .0005,
      respectively). The percent of tumor-infiltrating T gamma lymphocytes was lowest
      in tumors that were growing progressively. A significant increase in T gamma
      lymphocytes was observed in steady-state (P less than .05), early-regressing (P
      less than .001), and late-regressing (P less than .05) tumors. Early-regressing
      tumors contained significantly (P less than .005) greater levels of T gamma
      lymphocytes than did late-regressing tumors.

PMID- 3871872
TI  - Effects of cimetidine on tumor growth and immune function in nude mice bearing
      human ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - The effects of cimetidine on the growth of a human ovarian cancer cell line
      inoculated into BALB/c nude mice were examined. The cell line, designated "KK,"
      was derived from a cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. The passage number was about
      40, and its tumorigenicity in nude mice was 100% even when 10(5) cells were
      inoculated. About 2 weeks after inoculation, the KK cells formed palpable tumors,
      and the tumor volume reached 2.29 cm3 on day 36. Conversely, the nude mice given
      cimetidine (100 mg/kg/day) orally with drinking water had about one-third the
      tumor volume (0.81 cm3) of that in untreated nude mice on day 36. The natural
      killer activity against the YAC-1 (a T-cell lymphoma) cell line in spleen cells
      of the nude mice challenged with human xenogeneic tumor (KK cell line) was not
      affected by treatment with cimetidine while inhibiting the tumor growth. The
      capacity to lyse the KK cells did not exist in the spleen cells of nude mice
      challenged with the KK cell xenograft and not treated with cimetidine. The
      cimetidine-treated spleen cells acquired the capacity to lyse the KK cells on day
      14. Thereafter, the capacity was maintained at the same level as long as
      cimetidine was administered, whereas that in untreated nude mice remained
      undetectable.

PMID- 3871873
TI  - Heterogeneity of human natural killer cells.
AB  - The cell surface antigens and specificity of cultures of human natural killer
      (NK) cells, propagated in the presence of interleukin 2, were analyzed at the
      single-cell level. With the use of a micropipette isolation procedure, clones
      were initiated from cells of defined phenotype. The cell surface markers on the
      resultant clones were not stable and often diverged from those on the cells
      selected for initiation. Clones manifesting NK activity had low expression of T4
      and T8 and most had some expression of T10, whereas clones without detectable
      cytotoxic activity had a considerable proportion of cells expressing T4 and/or T8
      antigens. Within a cytotoxic clone, single cells shown to have killer activity
      were shown to express often T10 and infrequently T8; T4 was not detected on any
      of the reactive cells examined. The NK, reactive cells were found to express also
      antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and lectin-dependent cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity (LDCC), and some of the individual NK cells were shown to have the
      ability to lyse more than one type of target cell. However, there appeared to be
      considerable heterogeneity among the cells in the clones, with only 50-60% of
      cells displaying lytic activity against K562 cells at a given time. In addition,
      one cytotoxic clone appeared to have specific immune alloreactivity as well as NK
      and LDCC activities. The results of this study indicated that the cell surface
      phenotype and specificity of cytotoxic reactivity of cultured human NK cells were
      heterogeneous and suggested that such heterogeneity may be due to variations in
      the levels of differentiation and/or activation.

PMID- 3871874
TI  - Isolation, purification, and characterization of a mouse plasmacytoma cell
      surface glycoprotein involved in the resistance of the tumor cells to immune
      destruction.
AB  - Cells of a subline of the mouse plasmacytoma LPC-1 are resistant to lysis by
      cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, probably as a result of the blocking of the major
      histocompatibility gene complex-encoded cell surface antigens by a trypsin
      sensitive glycoprotein of approximately 160 kilodaltons. This glycoprotein (gp
      160) was extracted from LPC-1 cells with 1.5 M urea and was further purified by
      ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration. The gp 160
      consists of a single peptide chain rich in sialic acid residues (10% of total
      molecular weight) and has an acidic isoelectric point. The amino acid composition
      of gp 160 is compatible with the linkage of carbohydrates (galactose,
      glucosamine, and sialic acid) to the protein portion. The apparent weak
      attachment of gp 160 to the cell membrane could explain the finding that LPC-1
      cells easily revert from the resistant to the sensitive to the immune lysis
      phenotype.

PMID- 3871875
TI  - Lipid modulation of mammary tumor cell cytolysis: direct influence of dietary
      fats on the effector component of cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
AB  - For understanding the mechanism by which fatty acids promote mammary tumor
      growth, experiments were designed to determine the influence of dietary fat
      concentration and saturation on both effector (Ef) and target (Ta) cells in an
      allogeneic antitumor cell-mediated immune response. Exposure of cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes (CTL) to different fatty acids led to significant changes in the
      subsequent cytolytic capacity of these cells after both primary and secondary
      immunization. An increase in both saturated (SF) and polyunsaturated (PUF) fats
      led to decreased cytotoxic function after primary immunization. After a secondary
      challenge, the suppressive influence of SF was significantly greater than that of
      PUF, compared to that of the control diet containing essential fatty acids as the
      only fat source. This response was mediated by a direct effect on the CTL and not
      through an increase in suppressor or a decrease in Ef or helper cell frequency.
      In contrast, manipulation of the fatty acid environment of the Ta mammary tumor
      cells in vivo or in vitro had no significant effect on their susceptibility to
      lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. Therefore, dietary fats may mediate their
      effect by a direct influence on the immunocompetent lymphocyte and not on the Ta
      mammary tumor cell.

PMID- 3871876
TI  - Pancreatic carcinoma presenting with isolated bleeding gastric varices.

PMID- 3871877
TI  - Quantification of cytosolic steroid receptors in secretory and non-secretory
      epithelial cells of the canine prostate.
AB  - Radiolabelled methyltrienolone, dihydrotestosterone and estradiol were used as
      ligands to identify and quantify androgen and estrogen receptors in freshly
      dispersed cells from the canine prostate. Soluble extracts (cytosols) were
      obtained from secretory and non-secretory epithelial cells separated on the basis
      of their density in Percoll gradients. For both cell types, as well as for the
      whole prostate, Scatchard plot analyses were linear and showed a single class of
      high affinity binding sites: Kd values of 3.6 +/- 2.2 X 10(-9) M and 3.0 +/- 1.2
      X 10(-10) M were measured for the androgen and estrogen receptors, respectively.
      The number of binding sites for the cytosolic androgen receptor, expressed per mg
      of protein or per mg of DNA, was 2.4- to 6.7-fold higher in the non-secretory
      cells compared to the secretory cells. However, these two cell types contained a
      similar number of specific sites for the estrogens. The specificities of the
      androgen and estrogen receptors were shown to be identical for the two cell
      types: the binding of [3H]R1881 was strongly inhibited by unlabelled R1881, 5
      alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol and dihydrotestosterone, while 5 alpha
      androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol, estradiol and estrone did not displace bound
      R1881. The addition of triamcinolone acetonide did not alter the binding of R1881
      in extracts of either cell type or in the whole prostate. The binding of
      [3H]estradiol to the estrogen receptor was highly specific since a strong
      displacement was only observed with estradiol (83%).

PMID- 3871878
TI  - Adrenal cortical 11 beta-hydroxylase and side-chain cleavage enzymes. Requirement
      for the A- or B-pyridyl ring in metyrapone for inhibition.
AB  - The adrenal cortical enzyme systems, 11 beta-hydroxylase, P-450 11 beta, and the
      side-chain cleavage complex, P-450 scc, differ only in their cytochrome P-450s.
      Structural modifications of metyrapone, an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 enzyme
      systems, have been made to determine the requirement for the A- or B-pyridyl ring
      for inhibition of P-45011 beta and P-450 scc activities. Three new analogs of
      metyrapone (A-phenylmetyrapone, B-phenylmetyrapone and diphenylmetyrapone) were
      synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors using a crude, defatted bovine adrenal
      cortical mitochondrial preparation. Characterization of the mitochondrial
      preparation demonstrated: enhancement of both activities by the addition of 15.0
      microM adrenodoxin, the addition of 1% ethanol decreased both activities less
      than 10%, and the apparent Km of deoxycorticosterone for P-45011 beta was 6.8
      microM and the apparent Km of cholesterol for P-450 scc was 21.6 microM.
      Inhibition of P-45011 beta and P-450 scc activities with these compounds
      demonstrated: the B-pyridyl ring of metyrapone is required for inhibition of both
      activities whereas requirement for the A-ring is less stringent, and the four
      metyrapone analogs were more selective inhibitors of P-45011 beta activity. These
      studies suggest that the A-phenyl metyrapone analog is a good candidate for
      further development of a selective adrenocortical radiopharmaceutical.

PMID- 3871879
TI  - Stereospecificity of the intracellular binding of norethisterone and its A-ring
      reduced metabolites.
AB  - The interaction of norethisterone (NET) and four A-ring reduced metabolites of
      NET with cytosol receptors for progesterone (PR), androgen (AR), and estrogen
      (ER) was investigated. Cytosol preparations from: uteri of adult estrogen-primed
      castrated rats, ventral prostates of adult castrated rats and uteri of immature
      rats were used as the source of PR, AR, and ER respectively. 3H-Labeled ORG-2058,
      R-1881, and 17 beta-estradiol were used as the radioligands. The results of
      competitive studies disclosed that: the most efficient competitor for PR binding
      sites was NET (Ki = 1.1 X 10(-7) M) followed by 5 alpha-dihydro NET (5 alpha
      NET), whereas the 3 alpha,5 alpha; 3 beta,5 alpha and 3 alpha,5 beta-tetrahydro
      NET derivatives were ineffective the most efficient competitor for AR binding
      sites was 5 alpha-NET (Ki = 1 X 10(-8), immediately followed by NET, while the
      three tetrahydro NET derivatives were not competitors and remarkable competition
      for ER binding sites was only exhibited by the 3 beta,5 alpha-tetrahydro NET
      derivative (Ki = 4.6 X 10(-8) M) and to a lesser extent by its 3 alpha,5 alpha
      epimeric alcohol, while NET and 5 alpha-NET were completely ineffective. These
      findings demonstrate the stereospecificity of the intracellular binding of NET
      and its reduced metabolites with cytosol steroid putative receptors, and provide
      biochemical support to the understanding of the variety of hormone-like effects
      observed after the in vivo administration of NET.

PMID- 3871880
TI  - Onset of androgen action in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells is not accompanied by
      receptor depletion.
AB  - Quantitative and qualitative changes in estrogen receptor follow addition of
      estradiol to estrogen responsive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. We asked
      whether similar changes would accompany treatment of these cells with
      physiologically relevant concentrations of androgens. Androgen receptor sites
      were quantified by competitive protein binding assays on whole cells or extracts
      at various times following hormone addition. Both direct and exchange assays were
      employed. The androgen receptor in all of these experiments remained in a form
      which is completely exchangeable and approx 85% salt extractable. Quantity of
      receptor was unchanged (30,000 sites/cell, Kd 0.1 nM). Responsiveness to hormone
      treatment was demonstrated by antagonizing the estrogen dependent augmentation of
      cytoplasmic progesterone receptor in the MCF-7 cells with androgens. Thus, the
      androgen receptor was shown to be biologically active, but no time dependent
      quantitative or qualitative changes were observed during the first 6 h following
      androgen treatment.

PMID- 3871881
TI  - Characterization of estrogen-induced progestin binding in cytosol of the R3327
      prostatic carcinoma of the rat.
AB  - High affinity binding of the synthetic steroids methyltrienolone (R1881) and
      promegestone (R5020) to cytosol protein from the Dunning (R3327) experimental
      prostatic carcinoma of the rat was investigated. Animals bearing tumours of
      approx 1.5 cm mean diameter were either left untreated, or were administered
      diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DESP) in the drinking water in doses close to
      those used clinically for the treatment of human prostatic carcinoma. Tumours
      were excised after 10-40 days, and binding of [3H]R1881 and [3H]R5020 to tumour
      cytosol was characterized using Scatchard analysis, sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation, and steroid competition, under conditions optimal for the
      conservation and assay of progesterone receptor. Both ligands were bound in much
      higher concentrations by cytosol from DESP-treated tumours than from untreated
      tumours. Binding was of high affinity (Kd congruent to 1 nM), was specific for
      progestins, and sedimented in peaks at approximately 8S and approximately 4S in
      sucrose density gradients. We conclude the DESP treatment of rats bearing the
      R3327 prostatic carcinoma induces synthesis of progesterone receptor in this
      tumour.

PMID- 3871882
TI  - Characterization of steroid hormone receptors with ion-exchange fast protein
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - Androgen, estrogen and progesterone receptors have been characterized with anion
      exchange Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) on a Mono Q column
      (Pharmacia). In the presence of sodium molybdate androgen receptors in cytosols
      from rat prostate, rat epididymis and calf uterus eluted as a single sharp peak
      at 0.32 M NaCl with recoveries of approx 90%. The molybdate-stabilized form of
      the androgen receptor from rat prostate was purified about 75-fold. The receptor
      containing FPLC-peak fractions sedimented in high salt (0.4 M KCl) linear sucrose
      gradients at 3.6 S (prostate) and at 4.6 S (epididymis and calf uterus)
      respectively. Multiple forms of the androgen receptor were present in cytosols
      from rat prostate prepared in the absence of sodium molybdate, probably due to
      proteolytic breakdown of the native form. Calf uterine estradiol and progesterone
      receptors prepared in the presence of sodium molybdate (20 mM) eluted from the
      Mono Q column at 0.32 M NaCl. The molybdate-stabilized forms of the oestradiol
      and progesterone receptors were purified approx 70-fold and 30-fold respectively.
      In the absence of molybdate the estradiol receptor dissociated into two major
      forms eluting at 0.23 M NaCl and 0.37 M NaCl. After heat induced transformation
      (30 min at 25 degrees C) of the estradiol receptor one major peak was eluted at
      0.42 M NaCl, indicating a change in the surface charge of the estradiol receptor
      as a result of the 4 S to 5 S transformation. It is concluded that the FPLC anion
      exchange system is a powerful, fast tool for characterization and partial
      purification of steroid receptors. In addition this technique could be applied as
      a rapid procedure for the quantitative estimation of steroid receptors in small
      biological samples.

PMID- 3871883
TI  - Arrhythmia prophylaxis after aorta-coronary bypass. The effect of minidose
      propranolol.
AB  - After aorta-coronary bypass grafting, 164 consecutive patients were randomized to
      receive propranolol 5 mg every 6 hours orally (n = 82) or to serve as control
      subjects (n = 82). All patients were receiving beta blockers preoperatively.
      There were no significant differences between the two groups. The incidence of
      sustained supraventricular (nonsinus) tachyarrhythmias was 23% in the control
      group and 9.8% in the treated group (p = 0.02). The incidence of ventricular
      arrhythmias was 15% in the control group and 2.4% in the treated group (p =
      0.005). The overall difference in clinically important arrhythmias was 38% in the
      control group and 12.2% in the treated group (p = 0.0002). We conclude that low
      dose oral propranolol in patients who were receiving beta blockers preoperatively
      is effective in reducing the incidence of clinically important arrhythmias
      occurring after aorta-coronary bypass grafting.

PMID- 3871884
TI  - Influence of hepatic reserve and cause of esophageal varices on survival and
      rebleeding before and after the introduction of sclerotherapy: a retrospective
      analysis.
AB  - Esophageal variceal sclerotherapy has been enthusiastically accepted as the
      procedure of choice for patients with variceal hemorrhage. Because the
      relationships among liver function, different causes of varices, survival, and
      rebleeding rates have not been well established in sclerotherapy trials, this
      enthusiasm may be unjustified. We studied these relationships in 80 patients with
      bleeding esophageal varices who were admitted to hospitals affiliated with our
      clinic between 1978 and 1980 and who did not receive sclerotherapy and in 162
      patients admitted between 1980 and 1982 who received sclerotherapy with
      ethanolamine oleate. In both groups of patients, survival and bleeding-free
      intervals were significantly related (P less than 0.005 and P less than 0.01,
      respectively) to hepatic reserve (Child's class). In addition, patients with
      nonalcohol-related liver disease and poor hepatic reserve (Child's class C) had
      reduced survival and bleeding-free intervals compared with patients in class C
      with alcohol-related liver disease. Similar probabilities of survival and
      bleeding-free intervals were noted for Child's class subgroups and etiologic
      subgroups in the sclerotherapy and nonsclerotherapy groups, although a formal
      comparison was not made because of the retrospective nature of this study.
      Indications that sclerotherapy increases survival and reduces rebleeding may be
      due to different distributions of Child's classes and causes of varices within
      sclerotherapy and nonsclerotherapy groups in published control trials.

PMID- 3871885
TI  - Is sclerotherapy the treatment of choice for bleeding esophageal varices?

PMID- 3871886
TI  - Contingency transcutaneous stimulator for patients with unilateral tactile and
      proprioceptive neglect.

PMID- 3871887
TI  - [Defect in 17-alpha-hydroxylation].

PMID- 3871888
TI  - [Diagnosis of angiodysplasia of the colon using the vascular injection technic].

PMID- 3871889
TI  - [Trimethoprim--sulfamethoxazole--indications are reconsidered after rare but
      severe adverse effects].

PMID- 3871890
TI  - Increased plasma concentrations of C9, C1-inhibitor and alpha 1-protease
      inhibitor associated with cigarette smoking.
AB  - The association between various parameters of acute and chronic smoking status
      and plasma levels of three proteins, C9, C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) and alpha 1
      protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) were determined for 49 male cigarette smokers and
      49 age-matched nonsmokers (mean age = 32.2 years). The mean number of cigarettes
      smoked was 28.7 per day while the cumulative consumption was only 18.1 pack
      years. Plasma levels of all three proteins were significantly higher in the
      smokers than nonsmokers. Plasma C9 and alpha 1-PI concentrations correlated with
      cumulative cigarette consumption and plasma nicotine concentrations. While C1-INH
      concentration did not correlate with either cumulative cigarette consumption or
      plasma nicotine concentration, it correlated significantly with serum thiocyanate
      concentration. No consistent correlation was found between plasma concentration
      of these proteins and parameters of pulmonary function.

PMID- 3871891
TI  - New amphibian models for the study of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridine (MPTP).
AB  - We report the development of two animal models in amphibians (frogs and
      salamanders) in whom 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) produces
      the behavioral (neurological) and biochemical equivalents of the human disease
      and, in addition, a measurable modification in at least one form of pigment
      bearing cell from the neural crest, the skin melanocyte. We propose that this new
      approach can become an inexpensive, easily quantifiable model for the study of
      the effect of MPTP on the central and peripheral nervous systems. We also
      demonstrate that the toxic effect of MPTP can be completely abolished in vivo by
      treatment with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and potentiated by an inhibitor of
      catechol-O-methyltransferase. MPTP is catabolised by oxidation into toxic
      metabolites, but 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), the proposed end
      metabolite, is even more toxic than MPTP in this model, possibly through a
      different mechanism.

PMID- 3871893
TI  - "In vitro" effect of microtubule inhibitors on Trichomonas vaginalis.
AB  - This paper describes the effects of some antimicrotubular drugs (mebendazole,
      flubendazole, thiabendazole, colchicine, griseofulvin, vinblastine and isopropyl
      N-phenylcarbamate or IPC) on growth and viability of Trichomonas vaginalis. Among
      the inhibitors tested, mebendazole and flubendazole irreversibly inhibit protozoa
      growth at low concentration (greater than or equal to 1 microgram/ml), while
      colchicine and griseofulvin act at higher concentrations and thiabendazole and
      IPC are ineffective. In order to explain mechanism of action of these drugs, some
      microtubule-correlated functions such as shape modification and mitotic index
      were studied. Our results support the hypothesis that the main targets for these
      compounds are the cytoplasmic microtubules of Trichomonas vaginalis.

PMID- 3871892
TI  - Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava in the United States.
AB  - The pathogenesis of membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava (MOVC) is
      unclear. Although the lesion is rare in the United States compared to Japan,
      India, and black South Africa, it has been responsible for 23% of cases of
      hepatic outflow obstruction we have encountered in the ethnically heterogeneous
      indigent population of Los Angeles. Most patients with MOVC are male. In
      contrast, recent series of patients with Budd-Chiari Syndrome (BCS) have
      demonstrated a female predominance. Compared to BCS without involvement of the
      inferior vena cava (IVC), patients with MOVC have more chronic symptoms. Large
      truncal collaterals, particularly on the back, strongly suggest MOVC. In patients
      without this sign, a high index of diagnostic suspicion is required. Chronic
      hepatitis B infection occurs with increased frequency in these patients. Chest
      radiograph may show an enlarged azygous shadow. Liver-spleen scan is not helpful,
      and the liver biopsy is frequently nondiagnostic. A useful screening procedure
      for hepatic outflow block is transhepatic portal pressure measurement
      demonstrating aberrant hepatic veins with pressures higher than in the portal
      vein and, occasionally, hepatofugal portal flow. Transcardiac membranotomy
      appears to be symptomatically effective in patients with MOVC and at least one
      patent hepatic vein. It is not known whether this operation will prolong life and
      prevent the development of hepatocellular cancer, which may occur in up to 48% of
      these patients. The correct therapeutic approach has not been established for
      those patients whose lesion is not amenable to surgery because of extensive IVC
      occlusion or absence of patent hepatic veins.

PMID- 3871894
TI  - A survey of drug usage among patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital.
AB  - A six-month survey of the urinary concentrations of drugs and alcohol of 176
      patients within one hour of their admission to the acute psychiatric wards of the
      Macquarie Hospital, Sydney, is reported. Non-prescribed drugs were detected in
      the urine specimens of 29.5% of patients and alcohol in the urine specimens of
      13.6% of patients. The survey demonstrated inconsistencies between patients'
      reports of their recent drug or alcohol intake and the laboratory findings, and
      inadequacies in the information recorded and relayed to the laboratory at the
      time of patients' admission to the hospital.

PMID- 3871895
TI  - Trimethoprim.

PMID- 3871897
TI  - Treatment of decubitus ulcers. A new approach.

PMID- 3871896
TI  - Constrained deconvolution of SPECT liver tomograms by direct digital image
      restoration.
AB  - Several techniques for performing digital image restoration are reviewed and the
      problems associated with evaluating image processing are discussed. An
      application of constrained deconvulution to images of the liver produced by
      single-photon emission computed tomography is presented. Specific evaluation
      criteria are suggested and based on these, the choice of conditions best suited
      for processing liver images is proposed. Typically cold tumor contrast can be
      improved by a factor of greater than 2 whilst image mottle increases negligibly.

PMID- 3871898
TI  - Prevention of deep vein thrombosis. Use of sequential pneumatic cuff calf
      compression.

PMID- 3871899
TI  - Inhibition of cleavage of the third component of human complement (C3) by its
      small cleavage fragment, C3a: inhibition occurs with the classical-pathway, but
      not the alternative-pathway, C3 convertase.
AB  - Activation of the third component of complement (C), C3, is central to the
      functioning of the C system in inflammation. Cleavage of C3 by the C3 convertases
      of both the classical and alternative pathways results in the formation of two
      split products, C3b and C3a. C3a inhibited cleavage of C3 by the classical
      pathway C3 convertase. The inhibition varied in a concn-dependent relationship,
      with a concn of approximately 40 micrograms/ml yielding 50% inhibition. Removal
      of the carboxy terminal arginine from the C3a did not alter the inhibition. C3a
      did not inhibit cleavage of C3 by the alternative C pathway C3 convertase, or
      cleavage of C5 by C5 convertase. The C3-cleaving capacity of EAC142oxy that had
      been previously incubated with C3a could be recovered completely by washing the
      cells, indicating that the C3a binding to the EAC42oxy cell must have been
      reversed without having had an effect on the amount of C2 bound. Ribonuclease, a
      molecule of similar size and charge to C3a, did not affect C3 cleavage and C3a
      inhibition was not reduced by providing a surface for non-specific adsorption of
      the C3a, suggesting that the effect of C3a on C3 cleavage was not mediated by non
      specific interaction with cell surfaces. C3a inhibited the C3-cleaving capacity
      of the fluid-phase enzyme, C42oxy, to the same degree as it inhibited the cell
      bound enzyme, EAC42oxy, indicating that the C3a must interact with the C42
      complex directly. Inhibition of C3 cleavage by C3a is the first demonstration of
      product inhibition of a complement enzyme. It may provide another control of C3
      activation.

PMID- 3871900
TI  - Cesarean section patterns: influence of a perinatology service.

PMID- 3871901
TI  - Optimal delivery of nonvertex twins.

PMID- 3871903
TI  - Electrocardiographic patterns of normally functioning dual chamber pacemakers.

PMID- 3871904
TI  - Factors predisposing to intraoperative myocardial infarction during coronary
      artery bypass surgery.

PMID- 3871905
TI  - Postcryotherapy dellen formation in diabetics with proliferative retinopathy.

PMID- 3871902
TI  - Amniotic fluid microviscosity analysis in diabetic pregnancies: comparison with
      other methods of lung maturity assessment using predictive value analyses.

PMID- 3871906
TI  - Radiology notes. Case 1. Eosinophilic granuloma of the spine.

PMID- 3871907
TI  - Radiology notes. Eosinophilic granuloma of the pelvis. Case 2.

PMID- 3871908
TI  - Information management systems in neonatal intensive care: a case report.

PMID- 3871909
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 12-1985. A 49-year-old man with a neurologic disorder and
      abnormal cells in the cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 3871910
TI  - Hypercortisolism and depression.

PMID- 3871911
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 14-1985. A 55-year-old man with diarrhea, dilatation of the small
      bowel, and hepatosplenomegaly.

PMID- 3871912
TI  - Endoscopic sclerotherapy for esophageal variceal hemorrhage.

PMID- 3871913
TI  - Human B-cell cytotoxic lymphokine priority.

PMID- 3871914
TI  - Phytohaemagglutinin activation of T cells through the sheep red blood cell
      receptor.
AB  - Expression of receptors for sheep red blood cells and the ability to proliferate
      in response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) are the traditional properties of human
      T cells, but the function of the sheep red cell receptor (the T11 antigen) is
      controversial and the mechanism of PHA-induced mitogenesis unclear. Mitogenesis
      involves a complex series of cell-mediated and factor-dependent interactions, but
      a rise in intracellular free calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i, seems to be an
      important primary event in T-cell activation. We have now investigated the
      effects of three monoclonal antibodies, previously shown to inhibit mitogen
      induced proliferation, on T-cell [Ca2+]i. We find that anti-LFA-2 and OKT11,
      which react with the sheep red cell receptor, have no effect on [Ca2+]i, nor do
      they inhibit the rise in [Ca2+]i induced by concanavalin A (Con A) or the
      mitogenic anti-T3 monoclonal antibody UCHT1 (ref. 11). They do, however, block
      PHA-induced Ca2+ mobilization. Anti-LFA-1, which reacts with the lymphocyte
      function-associated antigen, has no effect on intracellular Ca2+. These studies
      suggest that the sheep red blood cell receptor is an activation pathway for T
      cells and that the effects of PHA are mediated through this pathway.

PMID- 3871915
TI  - Limited diversity of the rearranged T-cell gamma gene.
AB  - The immunoglobulin-related, T-cell specific gamma gene is rearranged in a wide
      variety of murine T lymphocytes. We detected gamma-gene transcripts in all cloned
      cytotoxic T lymphocytes examined but in only 1 of 11 T-helper cell lines or
      hybridomas. Although in cytotoxic T cells, the rearranged gamma gene seems to
      have been assembled from the same germ-line variable and joining gene segments,
      the transcribed gene exhibited distinct sequence diversity near the junction
      between these segments.

PMID- 3871916
TI  - Similarity between the vaccinia virus 19K early protein and epidermal growth
      factor.
AB  - An analysis of the 1,217-amino acid residue sequence of the precursor of mouse
      epidermal growth factor (mEGF) revealed regions of considerable similarity with
      bovine factor X, a blood coagulation factor. Similarities of mEGF itself with
      factor X, pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor and, most strikingly,
      transforming growth factor I (TGF-I) have been observed. On the basis of the
      comparisons described here, it seems that the presumptive 140-residue 19K early
      protein (relative molecular mass (Mr) 19,000) of vaccinia virus from residues 40
      91 shows an overall identity of 36% (19/53 residues) with both mEGF and
      urogastrone (human epidermal growth factor, hEGF); a single deletion is assumed
      for vaccinia virus 19K protein which allows the six Cys residues (positions 45
      80) to be aligned with those of mEGF or hEGF. This protein is encoded in the 10.3
      kilobase (kb) inverted terminal repeat. Because it is an early protein with an
      EGF-like central portion, the 19K vaccinia virus protein may have an autocrine
      function and may be required for DNA synthesis.

PMID- 3871917
TI  - [Hemorrhages of the small intestines caused by indomethacin (Indosmos)?].

PMID- 3871918
TI  - [Contribution of cones to activation of the slow PIII-potential of the frog
      retina].
AB  - A cone-specific subcomponent was separated from the slow PIII response of the
      frog retina. The time-course of cone sPIII was similar to [K+]0 decrease induced
      by the cone excitation. In comparison with rod sPIII, the cone sPIII had faster
      time-course, considerably smaller size and often fell below zero line. The data
      confirm principle similarity of rods and cones mechanism of excitation but
      suggest that their off-reactions are different.

PMID- 3871919
TI  - T lymphocytes, monocytes and erythropoiesis disorders in chronic renal failure.
AB  - The T lymphocytes, OKT4-depleted T lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages and the
      bone marrow early erythroid progenitor (BFU-E) interactions have been evaluated
      in normal subjects and in uremic patients in predialysis phase (PDP), on
      hemodialysis (HD) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). In the
      same subjects the T-cell growth factor (TCGF) activity and the T-cell subset
      identification have also been assessed. The results show in uremic patients,
      particularly in the presence of reduced OKT4 subset and TCGF activity, a blockage
      of the interactions between immunocompetent and bone marrow cells which normally
      could stimulate early erythroid progenitor growth. Since this blockage is
      partially removed by CAPD, this may suggest a more efficient removal of an
      interaction inhibitor with CAPD than with other dialysis techniques. The
      mechanism by which such a material may act appears unclear, but it is possible to
      suppose an inhibiting activity on the production of TCGF by lympho-monocyte cells
      which under normal conditions could be considered as an early erythropoiesis
      regulatory factor.

PMID- 3871920
TI  - Serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in different degrees of impaired
      renal function. Estimation of renal and extrarenal secretion rate of 24,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D.
AB  - The serum levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol,
      and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol were measured simultaneously in three groups of
      adults with different renal function: normal (n = 24), glomerular filtration rate
      (GFR) greater than 70 ml/min; moderately decreased (n = 15), GFR 5-35 ml/min, and
      severely decreased (n = 27), GFR less than 5 ml/min. 25-hydroxycholecalciferol
      was normal in both patient groups with decreased renal function. 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol was halved in the group with moderately decreased renal
      function (p less than 0.01) and severely decreased (almost undetectable) in the
      group with severely decreased renal function (p less than 0.01). In contrast,
      24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol was normal in the group with moderately decreased
      renal function and only halved (p less than 0.05) in the group with severely
      decreased renal function. These findings suggest extrarenal C-24 hydroxylase
      activity which may be stimulated by decreasing renal function, thus decreasing
      renal C-24 hydroxylase activity.

PMID- 3871921
TI  - Effect of the serotoninergic system on luteinizing hormone secretion in
      prepubertal female rats.
AB  - The effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), a serotonin precursor, and p
      chloroamphetamine (PCA), a serotonin neurotoxin, selective for serotoninergic
      neurons, that depletes serotonin (5-HT) levels in brain, on the luteinizing
      hormone (LH) release response to estrogen-progesterone (E-P) was studied in
      prepubertal female rats of different ages. E-P decreased LH levels on days 16, 18
      and 20, increasing the levels of the pituitary hormone at day 26 of age.
      Destruction of the serotoninergic system advanced the onset of the positive feed
      back mechanism, since the rats pretreated with PCA showed at day 20 an LH release
      by E-P administration while in the controls of the same age the ovarian hormones
      decreased the LH concentration. On the other hand, PCA potentiated the positive
      feed-back mechanism of E-P on LH in 26-day-old rats, while at this age the LH
      release response to E-P was significantly reduced by the administration of 5-HTP.
      These results suggest that the serotoninergic system has an inhibitory effect on
      the development of the positive feed-back of ovarian steroids on LH secretion,
      that could be representative of a regulatory participation of serotonin in the
      onset of puberty. 5-HTP stimulated LH release on days 16, 18 and 20, but did not
      modify the LH concentration of day 26. Since between 20 and 26 days of age the
      positive feed-back mechanism matures, the possibility arise that the modification
      in the effect of serotonin on LH release on day 26 is connected with the
      physiological changes in the gonadotropin control that occur after day 20 in the
      female rat.

PMID- 3871922
TI  - Central auditory function in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - The central auditory (dichotic) function of 38 patients with Alzheimer's disease
      was found to be significantly impaired when compared with a control group.
      Significant relationships were observed between dichotic scores and intelligence
      quotient, cortical atrophy in the temporal lobes, and cerebral glucose metabolism
      in the left temporal lobe. Comparing atrophy and glucose metabolism in the
      temporal lobes, we observed contralateral ear effects in dichotic performance as
      well as an interaction of asymmetry of atrophy with dichotic performance,
      consistent with previous models of dichotic listening in other forms of temporal
      lobe pathology.

PMID- 3871924
TI  - Angiography in herpes zoster ophthalmicus and delayed contralateral hemiparesis.

PMID- 3871923
TI  - Atypical brainstem encephalitis: magnetic resonance imaging and oculographic
      features.
AB  - A 50-year-old woman had primary position upbeating nystagmus, abnormalities of
      the lower cranial nerves, mild cerebellar signs, and CSF lymphocytosis. CT and
      MRI showed enlargement of the pons. Eye movement recordings revealed impaired
      pursuit and optokinetic nystagmus, and visual-vestibular interactions were
      absent. The patient improved spontaneously.

PMID- 3871925
TI  - Trigeminovascular neurons and the arteritis complicating herpes zoster
      ophthalmicus.

PMID- 3871926
TI  - [Digestive tract hemorrhages. I. Upper digestive tract hemorrhage, excluding
      treatment].

PMID- 3871927
TI  - Seronegative arthritis, seronegative spondarthritis, reactive arthritis.

PMID- 3871928
TI  - Intracranial hemorrhage in utero due to isoimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia.
AB  - A case is presented of isoimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia complicated by
      spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in utero. Maternal platelets were found to be
      negative for the PLA1, Baka, and HLA-A2 antigens. The present case demonstrates
      that the classical conservative approach of elective cesarean section can not
      guarantee against this crippling event.

PMID- 3871929
TI  - Pregnancy complicated by intraamniotic infection by Salmonella typhi.
AB  - There are few reports of transplacental infection by Salmonella typhi. A case of
      a primagravida at 26 weeks' gestation with severe S typhi gastroenteritis,
      sepsis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation is presented. Shortly after
      institution of antibiotic therapy, she spontaneously aborted a previable infant.
      Amniotic fluid was turbid and subsequently grew S typhi.

PMID- 3871930
TI  - Blood loss following dental extractions in anticoagulated rabbits: effects of
      tranexamic acid and socket packing.
AB  - The present study demonstrates the feasibility of chronic anticoagulation in
      rabbits and of estimating the resulting increase in blood loss following
      extraction of four front teeth from labeled red cell disappearance curves. This
      setup proved useful for the evaluation of hemostatic techniques. Socket packing
      with oxidized cellulose soaked in thrombin solution or local application of
      cyanobutylacrylate reduced early blood loss; oral administration of tranexamic
      acid reduced both early and late bleeding; the combination of socket packing and
      oral tranexamic acid completely abolished the excessive blood loss that resulted
      from anticoagulation alone.

PMID- 3871931
TI  - Chromatic aberration of the vertebrate lens.
AB  - A split-laser technique employing red and blue lasers was used for direct
      measurement of longitudinal chromatic aberration of excised lenses from a
      spectrum of vertebrates (fish, amphibians, birds and mammals). The chromatic
      aberration (442-633 nm) of lenses of most species amounts to a relatively
      constant 4.6% of equivalent focal length. Dog lenses show somewhat larger amounts
      (5.7%) while duck and rock bass lenses show less wavelength variation in focal
      length (3.42-2.70%). In general, chromatic aberration varies little with lens
      eccentricity, although this point requires further study with more attention to
      paraxial measurements.

PMID- 3871932
TI  - [HLA and myasthenia. Subdivision in 3 categories].
AB  - Genetic susceptibility (HLA types), clinical and pathological findings, amount of
      acetylcholine receptor antibodies and T lymphocyte subpopulations were studied in
      63 patients with Myasthenia Gravis (MG). The frequency of HLA-DR5 was increased
      among patients (0.50 versus 0.23 in controls, pc less than 0.01, relative risk
      3.3) and that of HLA-DR3 previously described as associated with MG was slightly
      increased (0.31 versus 0.20 in controls). The relative frequencies of two T cell
      subpopulations (T4 helper and T8 suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes) were normal in
      HLA-DR5 positive patients while the ratio T4/T8 was increased in other MG
      patients, who were HLA-DR3 (p less than 0.005). The high rate was due to an
      increase in the absolute number of T4 lymphocytes (p less than 0.001). HLA-DR3
      patients were mostly women with early onset of a severe form of the disease,
      marked by the presence of thymic follicular lymphoid hyperplasia. A third genetic
      susceptibility to this disease was recently described in patients treated with D
      penicillamine, the antigenic frequency of HLA-Bw35, DR1 is significantly
      increased. These 3 types of association between HLA and myasthenia gravis can be
      related to three different physiopathological mechanisms: the first two are
      probably linked to individual immunity (inductor/suppressor disequilibrium), in
      the third association, the mechanism is immunopharmacological.

PMID- 3871933
TI  - The role of allergy in diarrhea: cow's milk protein allergy.

PMID- 3871934
TI  - Fever management: rational or ritual?

PMID- 3871935
TI  - Ventricular configuration and cerebral growth in infants born to drug-dependent
      mothers.
AB  - Cranial ultrasound examinations were performed during the first 3 days of life
      and at age 1 month on 22 infants with the neonatal abstinence syndrome. The
      results were compared to those obtained in 15 control infants who were not
      exposed to narcotic drugs in utero. The ultrasound images were examined for
      ventricular configuration, intracranial hemidiameters, area of thalami, and width
      of temporal lobes. At 24 to 72 h and at 1 month of age, significantly more drug
      exposed than control infants had a slit-like ventricular configuration. The
      intracranial hemidiameter was significantly smaller in the drug-exposed than in
      the control infants. All cerebral measurements except the right temporal lobe
      demonstrated significant growth over the first month of life in both groups of
      infants. By means of ancillary examinations (computerized tomography and
      transfontanel pressure measurements) the pathogenesis of the slit-like ventricles
      was found not to be related to edema or to increased intracranial pressure.
      Whether or not the ventricles remain small and brain growth remains parallel
      after the period of abstinence awaits further investigation.

PMID- 3871936
TI  - Munchausen syndrome by proxy: a new complication of central venous
      catheterization.
AB  - A recent case of supposed gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in a small child
      underscored the difficulty inherent in making the diagnosis of Munchausen
      syndrome by proxy. In this case, an indwelling Broviac central venous catheter
      was used by the mother to withdraw blood which was then arranged to feign blood
      loss from her son's upper and lower GI tract. Despite the mother/perpetrator's
      displaying the classic personality traits of Munchausen syndrome by proxy,
      diagnosis was not made for many weeks.

PMID- 3871937
TI  - Effect of the birth chair on duration of second stage labor, fetal outcome, and
      maternal blood loss.
AB  - The effect of delivering in a birth chair on duration of second stage labor,
      fetal outcome, and maternal blood loss was examined in a retrospective study. The
      sample consisted of 60 primiparous women, 37 to 41 weeks gestation with a normal
      pregnancy and labor, 30 delivering on a traditional delivery table and 30
      delivering in a birth chair. Comparisons were made between groups for mean
      duration of second stage labor, mean Apgar scores at one and five minutes, and
      mean maternal hemoglobin and hematocrit values during the pre- and post-partum
      periods. No significant difference was found between delivery table and birth
      chair groups for mean duration of second stage labor (birth chair, X = 60 minutes
      versus delivery table, X = 43 minutes, t = 1.66, p = .10). Mean Apgar scores at
      one and five minutes were nearly identical. Statistically significant differences
      existed between groups in mean maternal hemoglobin and hematocrit values. Both
      the mean hemoglobin and the mean hematocrit upon admission were significantly
      higher in the birth chair group (p less than .027). However, postpartally the
      birth chair group had significantly lower mean hemoglobin and hematocrit values
      (p less than .025). These findings suggest that the birth chair, as an alternate
      delivery method, is safe in terms of fetal outcome but presents no advantage to
      the mother in terms of shorter second stage labor. Further investigation of
      maternal blood loss is recommended to rule out possible untoward effects.

PMID- 3871938
TI  - Symposium on infections in the compromised host. The competent internal immune
      system.
AB  - As has been shown, each part of the body's immune system is an effectively
      functioning entity. Since the whole is so much greater than the sum of its parts,
      a deficit in any one system can seriously affect the function of the others
      leaving the host without protection against the multiplicity of external and
      internal challenges. Without appropriate intervention or preventive measures,
      serious infection and even death can result.

PMID- 3871939
TI  - [B-, T- and null lymphocytes of peripheral blood in infectious mononucleosis].

PMID- 3871940
TI  - Travelers' diarrhea. Controversy and consensus.
AB  - In view of all the controversy surrounding travelers' diarrhea, how should
      patients be counseled regarding its prevention and treatment? First, all patients
      should be instructed on the importance of eating and drinking only safe food and
      water and on methods of dietary manipulation and oral rehydration therapy. The
      travelers listed in table 4, as well as short-term visitors to Mexico, may be
      candidates for prophylactic medication unless such treatment is contraindicated.
      All patients can be offered an antimotility agent for discriminant use as
      discussed, and a prescription for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is generally a
      good idea in the event of a severe bout of illness during travel. A traveler can
      go overboard in an attempt to avoid diarrheal illness. Such overconcern can
      detract from the enjoyment of travel and limit the spectrum of activities and
      cuisine. One report noted that diarrhea seemed to occur more frequently the more
      a traveler tried to elude it! This could well set the stage for the biggest
      controversy of all.

PMID- 3871941
TI  - Coronary artery bypass surgery. A community hospital's experience.
AB  - The initial phase (1982) of a comprehensive surgical audit at a large community
      hospital involved 325 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass
      surgery. The resulting data were compatible with the findings of the Coronary
      Artery Surgery Study. Mean patient age was 57.5 +/- 8.8 years. Revascularization
      was complete in 77% of patients. Perioperative infarction rate was 4.6%, and in
      hospital mortality was 1.2%. Operative risk was highest in those with left main
      coronary artery stenosis greater than 70%. Age, sex, and ventricular function
      status did not adversely affect survival.

PMID- 3871942
TI  - Vaginal infection with Gardnerella vaginalis.

PMID- 3871943
TI  - ADP dissociation from actomyosin subfragment 1 is sufficiently slow to limit the
      unloaded shortening velocity in vertebrate muscle.
AB  - The rate constant for dissociation of ADP from actomyosin subfragment 1 (S1) has
      been measured in this laboratory and elsewhere for a variety of vertebrate muscle
      types. We have made the following observations: (i) In solution, the dissociation
      of ADP from actomyosin-S1 limits the rate of dissociation of actomyosin-S1-ADP by
      ATP and, presumably, also limits the rate of crossbridge detachment in
      contracting muscle. (ii) For muscle types in which the rate of ADP dissociation
      from actomyosin-S1 is slow enough to measure using stopped-flow methods, the rate
      constants are nearly the same as the theoretical value for the minimum allowable
      rate constant for dissociation of an attached crossbridge. Therefore, ADP
      dissociation is sufficiently slow to be the molecular step that limits the
      maximum shortening velocity of these muscles. (iii) Variation with muscle type of
      the rate constant for ADP dissociation may be a general phylogenetic mechanism
      for regulating shortening velocity.

PMID- 3871944
TI  - Expression of the alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor gene in human monocytes and
      macrophages.
AB  - Expression of the alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1PI) gene was studied in
      human mononuclear cells. Using RNA blot and dot hybridization, alpha 1PI mRNA was
      detected in human peripheral blood monocytes, bronchoalveolar and breast milk
      macrophages, but not in B or T lymphocytes. Using incorporation of a radiolabeled
      amino acid precursor, synthesis and secretion of alpha 1PI were demonstrated in
      human monocytes and macrophages, but not in lymphocytes. In addition, alpha 1PI
      was secreted in functionally active form as shown by complexing with serine
      proteases. Biosynthesis of alpha 1PI by mononuclear phagocytes was greatest
      during the first 24 hr in culture and progressively decreased over the next 10
      days. The reduction in alpha 1PI biosynthesis in vitro involved a mechanism
      acting at the pretranslational level as alpha 1PI mRNA content also progressively
      declined over 10 days in culture. The ease of sampling human monocytes and
      macrophages now permits examination of the biochemical defect in homozygous PiZ
      and PiS alpha 1PI deficiencies and study of the functional significance of
      locally produced alpha 1PI in normal tissues and sites of injury or inflammation.

PMID- 3871946
TI  - Activated protein C stimulates the fibrinolytic activity of cultured endothelial
      cells and decreases antiactivator activity.
AB  - The effects of bovine activated protein C (APC) on the fibrinolytic activity of
      cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells were investigated. Confluent monolayers
      were incubated with purified APC under various conditions and changes in total
      fibrinolytic activity and in the level of plasminogen activator and plasminogen
      activator inhibitor (antiactivator) were monitored. The addition of APC to the
      cells in the absence of other blood or plasma components led to a rapid, dose
      dependent increase of fibrinolytic activity both in the media and in cellular
      extracts. For example, 3.4 micrograms of APC per ml resulted in a 15-fold
      increase of fibrinolytic activity in the medium within 1 hour. The enhanced
      fibrinolytic activity reflected increases in both the urokinase-related and
      tissue-type plasminogen activators produced by these cells. Interestingly,
      treatment of cells with APC also caused a rapid, dose-dependent decrease in
      antiactivator activity. Diisopropyl fluorophosphate-inactivated APC did not
      decrease antiactivator or increase plasminogen activator. Although a small but
      significant direct (i.e., cell-independent) effect of APC on both fibrinolytic
      activity and antiactivator activity could be demonstrated, the major portion of
      these changes appeared to be cell-mediated. These observations indicate that the
      fibrinolytic potential of cultured endothelial cells is increased by APC and that
      the enzyme active site is essential for this change. Moreover, the results
      suggest that one of the primary mechanisms for this stimulation of endothelial
      cell fibrinolytic activity involves an APC-mediated decrease in antiactivator.

PMID- 3871945
TI  - Identification of an additional class of C3-binding membrane proteins of human
      peripheral blood leukocytes and cell lines.
AB  - Proteins binding the third component of complement (C3) were isolated by affinity
      chromatography from surface-labeled solubilized membranes of human peripheral
      blood cells and cell lines. The isolated molecules were subjected to
      NaDodSO4/PAGE, and autoradiographs of these gels indicated that C3-binding
      proteins could be divided into three groups based on Mr: (i) gp200, an
      approximately 200,000 Mr molecule previously identified as the C3b/C4b receptor
      or CR1; (ii) gp140, an approximately 140,000 Mr molecule previously identified as
      the C3d receptor or CR2; and (iii) gp45-70, a heretofore unrecognized group of
      45,000-70,000 Mr C3-binding molecules. The cell distribution, Mr, antigenic cross
      reactivity, and specificity of gp45-70 were examined. Erythrocytes have no
      detectable gp45-70, but all leukocyte populations examined possess this group of
      molecules. On neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes, CR1 is the predominant C3
      binding glycoprotein, but gp45-70 is present on both cell populations and on
      macrophage and neutrophil cell lines. B plus null cells, chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia cells, and an Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-cell line possess CR1,
      CR2, and gp45-70. On T cells and T-cell lines gp45-70 is the predominant or, in
      some cases, the only C3-binding protein isolated. gp45-70 is structurally
      characterized as a broad band or doublet with a mean Mr that is slightly
      different for each cell population. gp45-70 binds iC3, C3b, and C4b, but not C3d,
      indicating that the binding region is probably within the C3c portion of C3b. A
      polyclonal antibody to CR1 and monoclonal antibodies to CR1 and CR2 do not
      immunoprecipitate gp45-70. While gp45-70 has not been previously characterized on
      human cells, a C3b-binding glycoprotein of similar Mr is present on rabbit
      alveolar macrophages. We conclude that gp45-70 is an additional group of membrane
      proteins present on human leukocytes that possess ligand-binding activity for
      C3b.

PMID- 3871947
TI  - Human leukemia cell maturation induced by a T-cell lymphokine isolated from
      medium conditioned by normal lymphocytes.
AB  - Human myelogeneous leukemia cells in liquid culture can be induced to mature
      along the monocyte/macrophage pathway by a maturation inducer derived from the
      conditioned medium of activated human T lymphocytes. Serum-free conditioned
      medium was used for the isolation of the T-cell lymphokine. The maturation
      inducer was purified approximately equal to 6000-fold by ammonium sulfate
      precipitation, low-salt elution from DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, gel filtration on Bio
      Gel A-0.5m, and NaDodSO4/PAGE under nonreducing conditions. The molecular weight
      of the maturation inducer was 36,000-58,000 on NaDodSO4/PAGE. Terminal
      differentiation associated with inhibition of leukemia cell proliferation and
      expression of mature cell properties was observed with the isolated maturation
      inducer, identical to the activity observed with the unfractionated conditioned
      medium. Cell-cycle analysis revealed that the proportion of replicating S-phase
      cells was reduced from 40% to 7% after initial interaction of the maturation
      inducer with cells. The differentiating cells simultaneously acquired monocyte
      antigen, membrane complement receptors, phagocytic function, and
      monocyte/macrophage morphology. The maturation-inducing activity is dose
      dependent, with more inducer causing the development of more mature cells in a
      shorter time period. The maturation inducer was shown to be stable after pH 2
      treatment, independent of interleukin 2 and colony-stimulating factor, devoid of
      alpha-, beta-, and gamma-interferon, and not affected by antibody to interferon.
      The maturation inducer may play a role as a physiological regulator of monocytic
      and leukemia cell development.

PMID- 3871948
TI  - Stimulation of glycolysis and amino acid uptake in NRK-49F cells by transforming
      growth factor beta and epidermal growth factor.
AB  - Glycolysis in normal resting rat kidney cells (NRK-49F) was stimulated by a 2-hr
      exposure to transforming growth factors prior to assay. Transforming growth
      factor beta (TGF-beta) was effective when added alone, and further addition of
      epidermal growth factor (EGF) had little effect. The stimulation by TGF-beta was
      abolished when cycloheximide was present during the incubation, suggesting that
      protein synthesis is required for the effect. Incubation of the cells with 25 mM
      methionine abolished the stimulation of glycolysis by TGF-beta. The uptake of
      methylaminoisobutyrate via system A was stimulated by either TGF-beta or EGF. The
      greater than 3-fold stimulation of uptake by 1 ng of pure TGF-beta per ml was
      usually somewhat enhanced on addition of 0.5 ng of EGF per ml. Moreover, an
      antiserum against EGF receptor partially depressed the response to TGF-beta,
      suggesting some overlapping interactions of EGF and TGF-beta.

PMID- 3871949
TI  - Isolation and biochemical characterization of the mammalian reovirus type 3 cell
      surface receptor.
AB  - A cell-surface receptor for the mammalian reovirus type 3 hemagglutinin was
      isolated by using antiidiotypic anti-receptor antibodies. The receptor is a
      glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 67,000 daltons and a pI of 5.9. Evidence
      that the isolated structure represents the reovirus receptor was obtained by
      electrophoretic immunoblot studies, which demonstrated that the 67,000-dalton
      glycoprotein is the only cell-surface structure recognized by both reovirus type
      3 and the anti-receptor immunoglobulin. Comparison of the reovirus receptor on
      murine thymoma (R1.1) and rat neuroblastoma (B104) cells indicated that similar
      structures on the cell surface are recognized by the reovirus type 3 and the anti
      receptor antibodies as previously suggested from cellular and binding studies.
      This receptor was found on mouse, rat, monkey, and human cells. Furthermore,
      diverse tissue types, including lymphoid and neuronal cells, express the receptor
      structure. The receptor structure is discussed in terms of its role in mediating
      viral tropism and as an essential cell-surface protein.

PMID- 3871950
TI  - Affinity-purified interleukin 2 induces proliferation of large but not small B
      cells.
AB  - Immunoaffinity-purified interleukin 2 (IL2) stimulated proliferation of large but
      not small B cells. Stimulation was observed even when B cells were cultured at
      very low cell densities (3 X 10(4) per microwell containing 0.2 ml of medium).
      Addition of small numbers of purified splenic T cells did not enhance the IL2
      induced B-cell proliferative response. These results suggest that IL2 was not
      operating through contaminating T cells. B cells cultured with anti-Ig antibody
      in vitro showed enhanced proliferation when cultured with EL4 thymoma-derived B
      cell growth factor but not when cultured with IL2. A direct role for IL2 in B
      cell activation is discussed.

PMID- 3871951
TI  - Purification and biochemical characterization of human pluripotent hematopoietic
      colony-stimulating factor.
AB  - Pluripotent hematopoietic colony-stimulating factor (pluripotent CSF), a protein
      that is constitutively produced by the human bladder carcinoma cell line 5637,
      has been purified from low serum (0.2% fetal calf serum)-containing conditioned
      medium. The purification involved sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion
      exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and reversed-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatography. The purified protein has a molecular weight of 18,000 in
      NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, both by the silver staining
      technique and by elution of biological activity from a corresponding gel slice,
      and has an isoelectric point of 5.5. Pluripotent CSF supports the growth of human
      mixed colonies, granulocyte-macrophage colonies, and early erythroid colonies and
      induces differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemic cell line HL-60 and
      the murine myelomonocytic leukemic cell line WEHI-3B (D+). The specific activity
      of the purified pluripotent CSF in the granulocyte-macrophage colony assay is 1.5
      X 10(8) units/mg of protein.

PMID- 3871952
TI  - 1 alpha-Hydroxyvitamin D2 is less toxic than 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the
      rat.
AB  - An LD50 of 0.2 mg/kg body wt has been determined for 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in
      the rat. In comparison, the LD50 for 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2 is between 3.5 and
      6.5 mg/kg. In terms of chronic toxicity, 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 at a dose of 5
      micrograms/kg/day causes death of one-half the animals in a 4-week period. On the
      other hand, 20 micrograms/kg/day of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2 is required to
      induce similar toxicity. The body weight record and renal calcium accumulation
      during chronic treatment support the above conclusion. It therefore appears that
      1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2 is between 5 and 15 times less toxic than 1 alpha
      hydroxyvitamin D3. This surprising result prompted a reexamination of the
      relative biological activity of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 1 alpha
      hydroxyvitamin D3. Both compounds are equally potent in the stimulation of
      intestinal calcium transport, bone calcium mobilization, in the elevation of
      serum phosphorus, and in the healing of rickets in the rat. The reason for lower
      toxicity of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2 is unknown. The results suggest that 1
      alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2 might represent a therapeutically superior compound.

PMID- 3871953
TI  - Postinflammatory increase of pathogenicity of lymphocytic inocula in the
      peritoneal cavity.
AB  - Passive transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats by
      intraperitoneal injection of cells from draining lymph nodes was usually
      unsuccessful unless very large numbers of cells or conditioning procedures were
      employed. If the ip injection was done during the healing phase of a chemical
      peritonitis, then its effectiveness was greatly increased, even exceeding that of
      the iv route. The same effect of a healing chemical peritonitis was observed in
      adrenalectomized rats. A regional graft-versus-host disease produced by ip
      injection of parental spleen cells into hybrid recipients was greatly augmented
      in the healing phase of a chemical peritonitis. A host-versus-graft reaction
      against allogeneic spleen cells was histologically detectable only when the cells
      were injected after a chemical peritonitis. All these results are explicable as
      the consequence of a postinflammatory increase of absorption of lymphocytic
      inocula into the draining lymph nodes. The production of a chemical peritonitis
      is likely to be useful wherever immunologic and pathologic experimentation
      requires ip inoculations.

PMID- 3871954
TI  - Applications of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the management of
      patients with pain. State-of-the-art update.
AB  - Numerous publications devoted to the topic of transcutaneous electrical nerve
      stimulation (TENS) have appeared since the presentation of a special issue of
      Physical Therapy (December, 1978). This update article addresses contemporary
      information on efficacy, mode of application, treatment outcomes, and
      neurophysiological mechanisms relevant to this modality. Investigators have
      become far more specific when presenting this information in the current
      literature on treating acute pain conditions with TENS than they were in the
      literature for the 1978 special issue. Improvement has been made in providing
      specific details to enable replication of TENS stimulating characteristics among
      patients with chronic pain; yet several clinical researchers still fail to
      evaluate treatment outcomes adequately. Perhaps the greatest advances in our
      understanding of TENS involve the recent development of mechanisms that might
      account for how different types of TENS work. Suggestions for predicting patient
      responses to TENS and for avenues of future inquiry are offered.

PMID- 3871955
TI  - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for relief of parturition pain. A
      clinical report.
AB  - The purpose of this clinical report is to share procedures and results using
      transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the management of pain
      associated with labor and delivery. Although favorable reports of the use of TENS
      during labor have been published in Europe, its application in the United States
      to the labor and delivery process has received little attention and is relatively
      unknown. We decided to use US equipment in the obstetric department of a US
      community hospital to verify the European studies. Fifteen patients selected by
      two obstetricians evaluated the effectiveness of a 3M TENS unit Model 6240. The
      criteria for inclusion were willingness to try TENS and ability to understand the
      procedure. The patients served as their own control and turned the unit off for
      several contractions during the middle and late periods of the first stage of
      labor to judge the effectiveness of TENS. Twenty-four hours after delivery, a
      physical therapist recorded the subjective response of patients and obstetricians
      separately on a questionnaire, which gave a rating scale of poor, moderate, or
      excellent for relief. We found TENS provided some form of relief to 87 percent of
      the participants, and 20 percent reported excellent relief. Most participants
      expressed a willingness to use TENS if they gave birth again.

PMID- 3871956
TI  - Cardiac adaptations to chronic exercise.

PMID- 3871957
TI  - Decreased calcium and magnesium urinary excretion during prostaglandin synthesis
      inhibition in the rat.
AB  - The effect of endogenous renal prostaglandins on calcium and magnesium
      reabsorption was investigated. Renal tubular handling of calcium and magnesium
      was studied by clearance methods in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley and Brattleboro
      rats, either intact or thyroparathyroidectomized (ATPTX), before and during
      prostaglandin synthesis inhibition by meclofenamate, indomethacin, or piroxicam
      infusion. These three inhibitors had similar effects on calcium and magnesium
      excretion: A significant decrease in absolute and fractional excretions of both
      cations was observed in intact Sprague-Dawley rats, and in ATPTX rats of both
      strains, but not in intact Brattleboro rats. These results suggest an inhibitory
      effect of prostaglandins on vasopressin-, glucagon-, but not PTH-mediated calcium
      and magnesium reabsorption. This effect is likely to occur in the thick ascending
      limb of Henle, which is both a target site for these polypeptidic hormones, and a
      segment where the bulk of calcium and magnesium is reabsorbed.

PMID- 3871958
TI  - Case report: Rhode Island Hospital.

PMID- 3871959
TI  - Inhibitory activity in mouse lung-conditioned medium studied in the agar assay
      for bone marrow colony-forming cells: removal by vitamin C.
AB  - The growth of granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming cells (CFC) from bone marrow,
      with mouse lung-conditioned medium (LCM) as source of colony-stimulating factor,
      was tested in five strains of mice. Maximum stimulation of growth was usually
      obtained at a LCM dilution of 1:5 (final concentration, 1.8% vol/vol). Higher
      concentrations nearly always caused inhibition. The inhibitory activity was
      resistant to heating (56 degrees C, 30 min) and was not removed by dialysis, but
      could be extracted with chloroform, suggesting a lipophilic inhibitor of high
      molecular weight. On gel filtration (Sephadex G50) the stimulatory activity
      eluted in the first fraction, whereas the inhibitory activity could not be
      recovered. Ascorbic acid reduced or prevented the inhibition (optimum
      concentration, 0.45 mmol/l), and provides a convenient means of stabilizing the
      CFC agar assay system. In physiological conditions the vitamin might influence
      the responsiveness of CFC to growth-regulating factors.

PMID- 3871960
TI  - Circulating immune complexes in myelofibrosis.
AB  - 17 patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis were studied for the occurrence of
      circulating immune complexes (IC), using a polyethylene glycol complement
      consumption and a polyclonal rheumatoid factor inhibition assay. In 13 patients
      complement C3d was determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Circulating IC
      were detected in 6 patients and were primarily found in patients with short
      duration of disease from time of diagnosis. The median duration of the disease in
      IC-positive patients was 4 months, compared to 12 months in the IC-negative group
      (P less than 0.05). 9 of the 13 patients investigated had increased levels of
      plasma C3d. However, there was no correlation to the occurrence of IC. It is
      concluded that circulating IC may take part in an immune-mediated bone marrow
      damage. This may involve deposition of IC in the bone marrow with secondary
      inflammation responsible for the development of bone marrow fibrosis.

PMID- 3871961
TI  - E rosette-positive agar colonies containing the Philadelphia chromosome in
      chronic myeloid leukaemia.
AB  - In an attempt to document possible T-cell involvement in chronic myeloid
      leukaemia, E rosette-positive colonies (ERPC) were grown in agar culture using a
      T-cell-conditioned medium. Colonies were grown from whole mononuclear cells
      (WMN), nonadherent E rosette-positive (NAT+) and nonadherent E rosette-negative
      (NAT-) cells. Cells collected from the colonies after 10 d in culture were 99
      100% E rosette-positive. 8 metaphases were obtained from both NAT+ and NAT-
      ERPCs. In NAT- ERPCs, 5 out of 8 metaphases were positive for the Philadelphia
      (Ph1) chromosome as compared to 1 Ph1 positive out of 8 metaphases in the NAT+
      ERPCs. These results suggest that, at least in this particular patient we
      studied, a subpopulation of E rosette-positive cells derived from the NAT- cell
      fraction express the Ph1 chromosome.

PMID- 3871962
TI  - Participation of cyclophosphamide-resistant T cells in murine lymphocytic
      choriomeningitis.
AB  - A severe inflammatory process can be induced by transferring lymphocytic
      choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-immune spleen cell populations into
      cyclophosphamide (Cy)-suppressed, LCMV-infected recipients. The extent of
      cellular invasion can be quantified accurately by counting cells obtained from
      the cisterna magna. The underlying lymphocyte-target cell interactions are
      apparently very specific, with massive cellular invasion being dependent on the
      donor and recipient sharing class I major histocompatibility complex
      glycoproteins. Unlike the situation found by others for delayed-type
      hypersensitivity in the mouse footpad, the inflammatory process in the cisterna
      magna was induced to a similar extent by unmanipulated LCMV-immune spleen cells
      and by lymphocyte populations from mice that were pretreated with 150-200 mg/kg
      of Cy. This dose of Cy did not eliminate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in the
      mouse strains used. However, immune spleen cells from Cy-pretreated mice showed a
      reduced capacity to clear virus from the brain. Virus persisted even though the
      inflammatory process resolved. These results support earlier conclusions that
      immune CTL are directly responsible for the induction of severe meningitis in
      LCM, although CTL obviously do not constitute the sole effectors involved in
      eliminating virus from the central nervous system.

PMID- 3871963
TI  - Abnormal production of and response to B-cell growth factor and B-cell
      differentiation factor in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - We examined the production of and the response to B-cell growth factor (BCGF) and
      B-cell differentiation factor (BCDF) in 21 patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) and 23 normal subjects. T cells, 2.5 X 10(6)/ml, were
      cultured for 24 or 72 h with 1% phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). After absorption of
      PHA by chicken erythrocytes (CRBC), they were used for BCGF and BCDF. In inactive
      SLE, BCGF activity was significantly lower than that in normal subjects. Active
      SLE contained two separate groups, one showing normal BCGF activity and the other
      showing lower activity than normal. In contrast, BCDF activity from initial
      culture in active SLE was elevated. The B-cell response both to BCGF and BCDF was
      elevated in active SLE without Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I antigen (SAC)
      preactivation. However, the B-cell response to SAC was markedly disturbed. Thus
      SLE B cells were shifted to the mature state in vivo. We also demonstrated
      pivotal abnormalities of monocytes in SLE B-cell growth and differentiation.
      These results may contribute to the understanding of the abnormalities of T-B
      interactions and the overproduction of antibody in SLE.

PMID- 3871964
TI  - [Bronchoalveolar immunoglobulins in sarcoidosis].
AB  - In 9 patients with active and 10 patients with inactive sarcoidosis, and in 6
      normal controls, the concentration of IgM, IgA and IgG broncho-alveolar lavage
      (BAL) fluid was measured. Patients with active sarcoidosis showed significantly
      higher values of these immunoglobulins than patients with inactive sarcoidosis or
      normals. In addition, a significant correlation between the immunoglobulin levels
      and the number of helper-T lymphocytes in the BAL fluid was demonstrated.

PMID- 3871965
TI  - [Community-acquired pneumonias: importance of pneumococcal pathology].
AB  - The frequency and the various etiologies of community acquired pneumonia are not
      well established. In adults, it is believed that half of the cases are caused by
      viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The pneumonia in these patients is limited and
      treated on an ambulatory basis. In patients who need to be hospitalized, the main
      etiology of pneumonia is S. pneumoniae. Despite effective antibiotic treatment,
      pneumococcal pneumonia still remains a life-threatening infection, especially in
      bacteremic patients presenting with underlying predisposing factors such as renal
      insufficiency, liver cirrhosis, and age over 70. In order to prevent the
      morbidity and mortality due to pneumococcal pneumonia, vaccination of the high
      risk population on a larger scale than at present should be considered.

PMID- 3871966
TI  - Increased plasma interleukin-1 activity in women after ovulation.
AB  - The polypeptide interleukin-1 mediates many host responses to infection and
      inflammation. A method was developed for studying interleukin-1 levels in human
      plasma from febrile patients. Interleukin-1 activity was also consistently found
      in plasma samples from women in the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle. This
      activity was neutralized by a specific antiserum to human interleukin-1 and was
      low in plasma from healthy men and preovulatory women. Thus interleukin-1 appears
      to have a role in normal physiological conditions as well as in disease states.

PMID- 3871967
TI  - Human T-cell clones from autoimmune thyroid glands: specific recognition of
      autologous thyroid cells.
AB  - The thyroid glands of patients with autoimmune diseases such as Graves' disease
      and certain forms of goiter contain infiltrating activated T lymphocytes and,
      unlike cells of normal glands, the epithelial follicular cells strongly express
      histocompatibility antigens of the HLA-DR type. In a study of such autoimmune
      disorders, the infiltrating T cells from the thyroid glands of two patients with
      Graves' disease were cloned in mitogen-free interleukin-2 (T-cell growth factor).
      The clones were expanded and their specificity was tested. Three types of clones
      were found. One group, of T4 phenotype, specifically recognized autologous
      thyroid cells. Another, also of T4 phenotype, recognized autologous thyroid or
      blood cells and thus responded positively in the autologous mixed lymphocyte
      reaction. Other clones derived from cells that were activated in vivo were of no
      known specificity. These clones provide a model of a human autoimmune disease and
      their analysis should clarify mechanisms of pathogenesis and provide clues to
      abrogating these undesirable immune responses.

PMID- 3871968
TI  - Dynamic modification of the vestibulo-ocular reflex by the nodulus and uvula.
AB  - The time constant of the decay of slow-phase eye velocity of postrotatory
      nystagmus or optokinetic after-nystagmus is reduced during exposure to a
      stationary visual surround (visual suppression). It is also reduced after tilting
      the head (tilt suppression). A "dump" mechanism in the vestibulo-ocular reflex
      has been proposed to rapidly discharge activity from the central vestibular
      system during both types of suppression. Monkeys lost this mechanism after
      lesions of the nodulus and uvula. They also lost the ability to habituate the
      time constant of nystagmus on repeated exposure to optokinetic and vestibular
      stimuli. Periodic alternating nystagmus, which is believed to represent an
      instability in the vestibulo-ocular reflex, was observed in two of three monkeys.
      These data indicate that the nodulus and uvula play an important role in
      suppressing, habituating, and stabilizing the vestibulo-ocular reflex.

PMID- 3871969
TI  - Psychiatric symptomatology among Mexican American farmworkers.
AB  - The paper presents findings from an epidemiologic field survey of 500 Mexican
      American farmworkers conducted in central California. The survey was intended as
      a health needs assessment of this population and the Health Opinion Survey was
      used to establish normative psychiatric symptom distributions. Analyses of the
      data by gender, age and income revealed that these socio-demographic variables
      were not important predictors of symptom levels, although the highest mean scores
      were reported in the 40-59 age group. Income levels were modest and fairly
      uniform, which contributed to the lack of mean score variation. Symptom
      distributions were analyzed for the variables age and sex using the HOS criteria
      of caseness and it was found that approx. 20% of the sample reached the criteria
      of caseness. A comparison of HOS mean scores with a national sample of surveys
      indicated that Mexican American farmworkers had symptom levels which resemble
      those of other low income socio-economic groups, such as southern blacks. Another
      analysis was conducted which reported a striking correspondence between self
      perception of health with psychiatric symptoms. A conclusion reached from the
      survey is that the Mexican American farmworkers in this sample appear to be
      experiencing psychiatric symptom levels which place them at extraordinary risk.
      Stresses associated with this group, i.e., limited social mobility, transience,
      poverty, discrimination and a high rate of traumatic life events were identified
      as possible contributors to this risk proneness.

PMID- 3871970
TI  - The 'battered husband syndrome': social problem or much ado about little?

PMID- 3871971
TI  - Gastric antral angiodysplasia: an unusual cause of occult gastrointestinal
      bleeding.
AB  - A patient with chronic occult gastrointestinal bleeding proved to have multiple
      gastric antral angiodysplasias and was treated with distal gastric resection. The
      diagnosis of this lesion is occasionally made endoscopically, since its
      submucosal nature makes barium contrast studies of no value. Arteriograms will
      also be helpful in some circumstances. Resection offers the best likelihood for
      permanent success.

PMID- 3871972
TI  - [Problems of prevention and dispensary care in rheumatic diseases].

PMID- 3871973
TI  - [Analgesic effects of Niflan (pranoprofen) for postoperative pain in minor oral
      surgery].

PMID- 3871974
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of intravenously given ATP-MgCl2 in canine hemorrhagic
      shock.
AB  - Mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume and rate of left
      ventricular pressure rise were significantly higher in dogs given lactated
      Ringer's solution alone compared with dogs given lactated Ringer's solution plus
      intravenous ATP-MgCl2 complex. The reduced cardiac performance after intravenous
      ATP-MgCl2 occurred despite adequate coronary blood flow and adequate myocardial
      oxygen delivery. A decreased myocardial oxygen extraction and a negative
      myocardial lactate balance after intravenous ATP-MgCl2 indicate a cellular
      metabolic defect.

PMID- 3871975
TI  - The efficacy of internal iliac artery ligation in obstetric hemorrhage.
AB  - During 1966 to 1982, 18 patients with severe obstetric hemorrhage underwent
      hypogastric artery ligation at our institution. Eight of 14 patients or 57 per
      cent (excluding three pregnancies which were terminated and a planned cesarean
      hysterectomy) had failed hypogastric artery ligations necessitating hysterectomy.
      Placenta accreta accounted for six patients of whom three required a
      hysterectomy. Uterine laceration was the second largest cause of hemorrhage in
      five patients, all of whom required a hysterectomy after hypogastric artery
      ligation failed. Hypogastric artery ligation does have a specific role in the
      management of obstetric hemorrhage, but it is not without substantial risk of
      failure. The obstetrician should carefully weigh whether or not the patient can
      undergo a more conservative procedure at the expense of a delay in the definitive
      treatment of hemorrhage. The instances presented herein should aid the clinician
      in deciding what is appropriate management for acute obstetric hemorrhage.

PMID- 3871976
TI  - Intestinal ischemia caused by cocaine ingestion: report of two cases.
AB  - Ingested cocaine can be a cause of severe bowel ischemia or gangrene. Two cocaine
      addicts who ingested large quantities of the drug developed severe abdominal
      symptoms and signs caused by bowel ischemia. In one patient gangrene of the bowel
      necessitated repeated resections and was followed, several weeks later, by death.
      The other patient suffered less severe ischemia and the bowel returned to normal.
      The diagnosis of bowel ischemia should be suspected whenever a cocaine addict has
      severe abdominal symptoms and signs. The presence of marked leukocytosis suggests
      bowel gangrene and demands prompt surgical intervention.

PMID- 3871977
TI  - Gallium scanning by conventional imaging and emission computed tomography in the
      pretreatment evaluation of lung cancer.
AB  - Gallium 67 citrate was evaluated with conventional scanning and emission computed
      tomography (CT) scanning as a method of pretreatment staging of the
      intrathoracic, especially mediastinal, spread of lung cancer. Of 31 patients with
      tumours of various histological types, the isotope was concentrated in the
      primary lesion in all but one. In 10 out of 12 patients who underwent surgical
      exploration conventional gallium scanning correctly indicated the mediastinum to
      be clear and identified two other patients with a tumour of the mediastinum not
      recognised by chest radiography or emission CT gallium scanning. Neither
      conventional nor emission CT gallium scanning produced false positive images.
      Conventional gallium scanning can give information about the mediastinum not
      available from chest radiographs or bronchoscopy.

PMID- 3871978
TI  - Cerebral blood flow studies using N-isopropyl I-123 p-iodoamphetamine.
AB  - Twenty patients with stroke were studied for cerebral blood perfusion
      abnormalities using N-isopropyl I-123 p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) and rotating dual
      gamma camera emission computed tomography (ECT). After a single scan, multiple
      transverse, coronal and sagittal section images were reconstructed with a
      minicomputer. In eighteen patients, we determined the values of regional cerebral
      blood flow (rCBF) in the region of interest using an image. Transmission computed
      tomography (CT) studies were also performed on the same day. ECT showed cerebral
      perfusion abnormalities in all cases, while CT showed abnormalities in only 10
      cases. This technique seems to be useful for evaluating the rCBF in the deep
      brain.

PMID- 3871979
TI  - The influence of thymic abnormalities on the development of autoimmune diseases.
AB  - The relationship between thymic abnormalities and development of autoimmune
      diseases was studied in MRL/l and NZB/NZW F1 (NZB/W F1) mice. Thymic
      abnormalities, including plasma cell infiltration into the thymus, were observed
      in 25% of MRL/l mice as early as 1 mo and in all mice after 2.5 mo. The thymic
      abnormalities preceded both infiltration of lymphoid cells into the kidney and
      salivary glands, and also preceded an increase in the titer of circulating immune
      complexes (CIC). When MRL/l and NZB/W F1 mice were divided into two groups for
      each strain at the critical age when the mice had begun to show thymic
      abnormalities, the group with abnormal thymuses showed more marked pathological
      findings in other organs and a higher level of CIC than the group with more
      normal appearing thymus. In addition, the group with abnormal thymus demonstrated
      lower responsiveness of their lymphocytes in mixed-lymphocyte culture than the
      group with normal thymus. Thymus grafts from donors of autoimmune or non
      autoimmune strains into nude mice revealed that thymic functions, reconstitutive
      of immunologic parameters of nude mice, are rapidly lost with age. These results
      suggest that morphological and functional abnormalities of the thymus are
      involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

PMID- 3871980
TI  - [Binding of iron ions by shielding eye pigments of vertebrates and invertebrates-
      melanosomes and ommochromes].
AB  - Melanosomas of eye pigment epithelium tissue of vertebrates, synthetic DOPA
      melanin and ommochromas from eye of invertebrates bind effectively bivalent iron
      ions. Constants of the binding process are calculated. Endogenic iron
      concentration in melanosomas of the frog eye pigment epithelium is determined. A
      conclusion is drawn that mechanism of antioxidation action of shielding eye
      pigments may include Fe2+ ion binding into inactive components.

PMID- 3871981
TI  - [An epidemiological analysis of the need for and utilization of the existing
      possibilities for psychiatric problems in children].

PMID- 3871982
TI  - [Dieulafoy disease. The cause of severe gastric hemorrhage illustrated by 5
      cases].

PMID- 3871983
TI  - [Dieulafoy disease. A rare cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage].

PMID- 3871984
TI  - [Mechanism of action of direct electrical stimulation of the upper urinary tract
      in ureteral calculi].

PMID- 3871985
TI  - Clavulanate-potentiated amoxycillin: activity in vitro and bioavailability in the
      dog.
AB  - Clavulanic acid is an inhibitor of beta-lactamase (penicillinase) and when used
      with amoxycillin the resulting combination becomes active against most bacteria
      resistant to amoxycillin through production of beta-lactamase. A total of 551
      bacterial isolates from dogs and cats were examined by disc sensitivity testing,
      which showed that there was amoxycillin resistance particularly among
      staphylococci (50 per cent), Klebsiella species (97 per cent) and Escherichia
      coli (28 per cent). A combination of potassium clavulanate and amoxycillin
      reduced the incidence of resistance to 0.3, 3 and 7 per cent, respectively.
      Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for a number of the isolates
      and showed marked reductions in the presence of potassium clavulanate. A
      formulation containing amoxycillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate (4:1) was
      dosed to beagles at 12.5 mg/kg. Concentrations of the drugs in blood, tissue
      fluid and skin showed that both drugs were sufficiently well absorbed and
      distributed to allow a prediction of efficacy against infections caused by beta
      lactamase producing bacteria.

PMID- 3871986
TI  - The canine lymphocyte: effect of streptolysin O on the proliferative response of
      canine lymphocytes.
AB  - The effects of Streptolysin O (SLO) on canine peripheral blood lymphocytes were
      studied using the lymphocyte blastogenesis test (LBT). Canine lymphocytes
      stimulated with SLO produced a response that was similar to the response obtained
      with the commonly used phytomitogens: phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A
      (CON A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). When SLO was added to any of the
      phytomitogens and incubated with canine lymphocytes, an additive or stimulatory
      response was obtained. However, mixing the phytomitogens in any combination did
      not produce a similar additive or stimulatory response. The results were
      interpreted to mean that in the canine system, the binding of SLO to lymphocytes
      does not sterically interfere with receptors for PHA, CON A, or PWM.
      Additionally, SLO may stimulate a population of lymphocytes that is distinct from
      that stimulated by the phytomitogens. Moreover, it would appear that the
      phytomitogens probably stimulate the same or an overlapping population of
      lymphocytes. Experiments using enriched lymphoid cell populations were used to
      characterize the lymphocytes stimulated by phytomitogens and SLO.
      Lipopolysaccharides from two different bacteria were unable to cause a
      significant lymphoproliferative response.

PMID- 3871987
TI  - Ovine interleukin-2: partial purification and assay in normal sheep and sheep
      with ovine progressive pneumonia.
AB  - Interleukin-2 (IL-2), a T cell derived lymphokine, acts in nonspecific hormone
      like fashion to maintain proliferation of activated lymphocytes in vitro and is
      believed to play a key role in cell-mediated immune function in vivo. The
      parameters of induction and assay of factors with IL-2 activity were examined in
      a group of clinically normal sheep seronegative for antibodies to ovine
      progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV-). Supernatants from cultures of Concanavalin A
      (Con A) stimulated mononuclear leukocytes (ML) derived from peripheral blood and
      lymph nodes contained factors with the capacity to maintain continued
      proliferation in Con A stimulated lymphoblasts. This activity was localized by
      gel chromatography to fractions containing proteins of 17,000-20,000 daltons. In
      a group of sheep seropositive for antibodies to OPPV (OPPV+), decreased levels of
      IL-2 activity were found in ML culture supernatants derived from the posterior
      mediastinal lymph nodes of sheep with clinical and pathological evidence of OPP,
      when compared to OPPV+ sheep with no lesions and sheep with visceral caseous
      lymphadenitis. This decrease in IL-2 activity appeared not to be associated
      directly with levels of prostaglandin E2 in these supernatants. These findings
      may correlate with virus induced alterations in cell mediated immune function in
      lymphoproliferative lesions of OPP.

PMID- 3871988
TI  - Progressive polysystemic immune-mediated disease in a dog.
AB  - A dog with polyarthritis, angular joint deformities, and a high serum
      antinucleolar antibody titer was treated over a period of 20 months. During the
      clinical course, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, Coombs' positive hemolytic anemia,
      and a pemphigus-type skin disorder developed, all of which responded to
      immunosuppressive therapy. It is not known whether the polysystemic disease in
      this dog represents a pleomorphic manifestation of canine systemic lupus
      erythematosus or multiple autoimmune disorders occurring in the same animal.

PMID- 3871989
TI  - Nylon wool column fractionation and characterisation of feline lymphocyte
      subpopulations.
AB  - Feline separated mononuclear cells (SMC) were obtained from peripheral blood by
      ficoll-diatrizoate gradient separation. SMC were further fractionated on nylon
      wool columns into nylon wool adherent cells (NWAC) and nylon wool effluent cells
      (NWEC). The three cell populations, SMC, NWAC and NWEC, were characterised using
      direct immunofluorescent staining for surface immunoglobulin (sIg) as a B cell
      marker and neuramidase treated guinea pig erythrocyte-rosette formation (E
      rosettes) and mitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis (LB) as possible T-cell
      markers. Feline SMC consisted of 30.1 +/- 4.0% sIg+ cells 36.6 + 5.4% E-rosette
      forming cells and 33.3% null cells i.e. cells which were sIg- and non E-rosette
      forming. Fractionation of SMC on nylon wool columns yielded NWEC which were
      significantly enriched for T cells in that they contained 68.6 +/- 2.9% E-rosette
      forming. Fractionation of SMC on nylon wool columns yielded NWEC which were
      significantly enriched for T cells in that they contained 68.6 +/- 2.9% E-rosette
      forming cells. NWAC were 51.0% +/- 10.8% sIg+, approximately 20% of cells were
      lost. The LB responsiveness of NWEC to concanavalin A (Con A) and
      phytonaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) was enhanced compared to SMC. NWAC were non
      responsive to Con A and PHA-P at all concentrations tested. It was concluded that
      nylon wool column fractionation of feline SMC was an efficient procedure for T
      cell enrichment and that the enriched cells retained the properties of E-rosette
      formation and blastogenesis by mitogens.

PMID- 3871990
TI  - [Status of T-system immunity in patients with chronic diseases and cancer of the
      gastrointestinal tract].
AB  - The study was concerned with the immunity status of the cellular system in cancer
      patients and cases of chronic gastrointestinal diseases. The investigation used
      both standard procedure of spontaneous rosette formation and its modifications
      which provide indirect evidence on the status of separate subpopulations of
      immunocompetent cells. A reduced level of lymphocytes which form rosettes with
      ovine erythrocytes was found in cases of chronic diseases. Patients with
      gastrointestinal cancer revealed altered ratios of separate subpopulations of T
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 3871991
TI  - [Leukemogenesis and bone marrow hematopoietic disorders in baboons with
      immunoblastic malignant lymphomas of B- and T-cell types].
AB  - Leukemization in baboon B- and T-cell immunoblastomas was investigated.
      Immunologic identification of tumor was carried out using standard immunological
      and cytochemical tests, e. g. identification of several types of E-rosette
      forming lymphocytes, surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin-carrying lymphocytes
      and assay of such acid hydrolases as acid phosphatase, acid alpha-naphthyl
      acetate esterase and beta-glucuronidase in lymphoid cells. Leukemization of
      immunoblastomas with bone marrow infiltration by tumor immunoblasts and the
      appearance of the latter in peripheral blood were observed rather frequently--in
      7 of 10 cases of B-cell and in all 4 cases of T-cell immunoblastoma.
      Immunoblastoma progression was accompanied by a rise in lymphoid element level in
      peripheral blood and a lesser increase in bone marrow. At terminal stage, both
      patterns of immunoblastoma sometimes involved the development of leukemoid
      reactions of a myeloid type and disturbances in bone marrow hematopoiesis which
      manifested themselves by mild anemia and a slightly pronounced failure to produce
      platelets.

PMID- 3871992
TI  - [Emergency surgery in complicated forms of stomach cancer in middle-aged and
      elderly patients].
AB  - The data on the treatment given to 312 cases of stomach cancer at city district
      hospitals in Leningrad were evaluated: 243 patients were more than 60 years old,
      concomittant pathology was apparent in 231 cases, 252 patients were hospitalized
      to avoid a fatal outcome and 161 patients were urgently operated on for such
      complications of stomach cancer as bleeding, perforation, peritonitis, and
      obstruction. Optimal extent of intervention was not determined in some cases due
      to the extremely poor condition of the patient, insufficient competence of the
      operating team and inadequate equipment. Radical surgery was performed in 31
      cases, palliative resection--11 and other palliative and tentative procedures in
      119 cases. The highest postoperative lethality rate (30.9%) was recorded in cases
      of minimal intervention limited to suturing of vessels and perforations as well
      as peritoneal cavity draining. Postoperative lethality was reduced to 15.5% and
      the same conditions whenever radical surgery, palliative resection or
      interventions eliminating complications by removing the primary cause were
      carried out. Removal of primary tumor eliminated complications radically, lowered
      postoperative mortality rates and improved the end results of treatment.

PMID- 3871993
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of optic neuritis].
AB  - Time-consuming and complicated electrophysiological methods need only be applied
      in unclear cases of optic neuritis. In the majority of patients it is possible to
      demonstrate opticus conduction disturbance with exact clinical subjective and
      objective tests. Some neuroophthalmological investigations that are well-suited
      for routine use are described more closely. Our own investigations of 190
      patients demonstrated - in accordance with the modern medical literature - that
      the nowadays usual therapeutic measures do not influence the course of an optic
      neuritis essentially.

PMID- 3871994
TI  - [Physical therapy measures in multiple sclerosis].
AB  - The physiotherapeutical treatment represents a major part of the rehabilitation.
      The endeavours in this respect will have to be well assigned and individually
      adapted to the patient. The mode of treatment will especially have to take into
      consideration the needs of everyday life. Therefore all functions which might be
      difficult to cope with for the patient or which might reduce his abilities in
      daily life ought to be trained already during the patient's stay in hospital.
      Then the careful choice of and furnishing with the necessary auxiliary devices
      must be planned in cooperation with the doctor, the therapeutist and the
      relatives. The treatment itself ought to start as early as possible. It should be
      continued even in phases of remission by the patient himself on the one hand, and
      from time to time it should be summarized in blocks of training on the other
      hand. The prevention of complications is to be increased by these measures and at
      the same time the patient is to realize the necessity of his personal engagement.
      The planing of the therapy must consider all possible fundamental disorders such
      as spasticy, palsy or plegie as well ataxy and also disorders of the bladder.

PMID- 3871995
TI  - [Positron emission tomography of regional extravascular lung water and regional
      pulmonary blood volume in chronic heart failure].
AB  - In 6 controls (group A), 4 patients with moderate congestive heart failure (NYHA
      II, II-III: group B) and 6 patients with severe heart failure (NYHA III, III-IV,
      IV: group C) regional lung water (rLW, constant infusion of H2 15O), regional
      pulmonary blood volume (rPBV, inhaled 11CO) and regional extravascular lung water
      (rELW = rLW -rPBV) were measured by positron emission tomography. The mean rELW
      was 0.12 +/- 0.02 g/cm3 in group A, 0.15 +/- 0.03 g/cm3 in group B and 0.19 +/-
      0.06 g/cm3 in group C. In group C a significant increase in rELW was found from
      cranial to caudal regions (p less than 0.005), whereas in controls the
      distribution of rELW was almost homogeneous. The mean rPBV was 0.21 +/- 0.04
      g/cm3 in group A, 0.22 +/- 0.04 g/cm3 in group B, and 0.17 +/- 0.03 g/cm3 in
      group C. There was a progressive increase in rPBV from cranial to caudal in group
      A. In group C the distribution of rPBV was almost uniform showing, compared to
      group A, significant lower values in the caudal regions (p less than 0.01). The
      study suggests that the amount and distribution of fluid in pulmonary congestion
      can be assessed noninvasively by positron emission tomography and that
      substantial differences in regional distribution exist between controls and
      patients with congestive heart failure.

PMID- 3871996
TI  - Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Mechanography. Berlin, GDR,
      September 22-24, 1983. Abstracts.

PMID- 3871997
TI  - Clinical significance of diastolic oscillations of the left ventricle.

PMID- 3871998
TI  - The second heart sound: hemodynamic determinants.

PMID- 3871999
TI  - Haemodynamic response to nitrous oxide during high-dose fentanyl pancuronium
      anaesthesia.
AB  - Ten patients subjected to coronary by-pass surgery were studied to determine the
      haemodynamic effects of replacing Fio2 1.0 normoventilation with nitrous oxide in
      oxygen (Fio2 0.3) after induction of anaesthesia with fentanyl (50
      micrograms/kg), flunitrazepam and pancuronium. In all patients the application of
      N2O decreased systemic arterial pressures by an average of 10% (P less than
      0.001), but left pulmonary arterial pressures and systemic vascular resistance
      unchanged. The slight bradycardia induced was associated with moderate depression
      of the cardiac index and the left ventricular stroke work index (P less than
      0.001) at the time when the rate-pressure product was decreased by 20% (P less
      than 0.001). The cardiac depression produced by N2O was most prominent in
      patients with left ventricular wall hypokinesia and an ejection fraction below
      55%, in whom the cardiac work index was diminished by 29%. The replacement of
      oxygen with nitrous oxide in oxygen during high-dose fentanyl-pancuronium
      anaesthesia seems not to be associated with sympathetic stimulation, and the
      myocardial depressant effect of N2O should be weighed against the possible
      reduction in myocardial oxygen consumption with special care in patients with
      compromised myocardial function.

PMID- 3872000
TI  - Comparison of fentanyl and halothane as supplement to nitrous-oxide-oxygen
      anaesthesia for coronary artery surgery.
AB  - Twenty unselected patients suffering from incapacitating angina, in spite of
      medication with nitrates, beta-blockers and calcium antagonists, were studied
      before and during coronary artery bypass surgery. Fentanyl or halothane was
      randomly used in combination with nitrous oxide for maintenance of anaesthesia in
      order to compare the haemodynamic response to surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass
      with these two anaesthetic regimens. Systemic and pulmonary artery pressure were
      kept within normal limits with the aid of volume replacement and/or
      nitroprusside. The haemodynamic response to surgery and bypass was benign and
      almost identical in the two groups. Cardiac index increased markedly after bypass
      (P less than 0.02-0.001) from 2.0 to 3.0 1 X min-1 X m-2 due to an increase in
      heart rate with no change in stroke index (40 ml X m-2). Oxygen delivery remained
      unchanged at 17 mmol X min-1 X m-2 in spite of a marked reduction in blood
      erythrocyte volume fraction (B-EVF), from 38% before bypass to 24% after bypass
      (P less than 0.001). Oxygen uptake remained unchanged until the end of surgery
      and did not differ between the groups. Systemic vascular resistance, corrected
      for the change in viscosity due to the altered B-EVF, was unchanged during the
      study. No difference was observed between the groups in the relation between
      pulmonary artery diastolic pressure and left ventricular stroke work index or
      stroke index, either before or at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass when the
      patients were transfused from the oxygenator.

PMID- 3872002
TI  - Sequential myocardial depressant and non-depressant anaesthesia for coronary
      artery surgery.
AB  - Patients undergoing coronary artery surgery run a certain risk of developing
      myocardial infarction in situations with increased myocardial oxygen demand due
      to e.g. elevations in heart rate and blood pressure. After cardiopulmonary bypass
      (CPB) there is, however, also the risk of graft occlusion. The present study
      evaluated the haemodynamic effects of a sequential anaesthesiological technique
      using halothane 0.5-1.5% in combination with 50% nitrous oxide and droperidol 0.1
      mg X kg b.w.-1 before CPB followed by fentanyl 0.2 mg X h-1 in continuous i.v.
      infusion and diazepam 10-15 mg during and after bypass. Fourteen patients were
      studied. In seven patients (Group I) halothane was discontinued immediately
      before CPB and in the following seven patients (Group II) 10-15 min before
      bypass. The aim was to depress moderately the inotropic state before bypass and
      to have a normalized myocardial oxygen demand after CPB in order to promote a
      good flow in the grafts. In Group II mean left ventricular stroke work index
      (LVSWI) was 0.54-0.79 J X m-2 after bypass as compared to 0.45-0.51 before at
      comparable filling pressure. Mean left ventricular power index (LVPI) increased
      from 0.42-0.55 W X m-2 before to 0.73-1.08 after CPB. The patients in Group I
      showed a similar pattern although with a less marked difference in LVSWI and LVPI
      values before and after bypass. No correlation was seen between oxygen delivery
      and oxygen uptake either below or above an oxygen delivery of 15 mmol X min-1 X m
      2.

PMID- 3872001
TI  - Circulatory effects of pancuronium and alcuronium in patients with coronary
      artery stenosis.
AB  - Heart rate and systemic arterial blood pressure were recorded during induction of
      anaesthesia up to 9 min after endotracheal intubation in 92 patients scheduled
      for coronary artery bypass surgery, in order to study to what degree the
      circulatory response to induction of anaesthesia and intubation was modified by
      different relaxants. Pancuronium (pancuronium bromide) 0.1 mg X kg b.w.-1 and
      alcuronium (diallyl-nortoxiferine) 0.25 mg X kg b.w.-1 were randomly studied in
      36 patients during induction with high-dose fentanyl and in 36 patients induced
      with thiopentone, diazepam, fentanyl and nitrous oxide. In patients given high
      dose fentanyl anaesthesia, systolic blood pressure before, during and after
      intubation was significantly lower with alcuronium (P less than 0.01). The same
      difference between alcuronium and pancuronium was observed in balanced
      anaesthesia before endotracheal intubation. Induction of anaesthesia and
      intubation were followed by a moderate increase in heart rate, irrespective of
      the type of anaesthesia and relaxant. Subsequently, 20 patients (10 with high
      dose fentanyl and 10 with balanced anaesthesia) were studied. They received
      pancuronium 0.05 mg X kg b.w.-1 + alcuronium 0.125 mg X kg b.w.-1. This mixture
      of relaxants produced an intermediate blood pressure response.

PMID- 3872003
TI  - Epidemiology of the Guillain-Barre syndrome in the county of Hordaland, Western
      Norway.
AB  - We have examined the incidence of the Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) in the county
      of Hordaland. We have previously reported a marked increase in the incidence of
      MS in the same population. 109 GBS-patients were diagnosed in the period 1957
      1982 according to the criteria of NINCDS. The annual incidence rates were stable
      over time with an average incidence of 1.2 per 100,000 population per year. The
      male/female ratio was 1.7. No statistically significant difference in incidence
      was found between urban and rural areas. We found an increasing incidence with
      age, more marked among males than among females. A predilection for GBS to occur
      in the colder half of the year was also found. 57% of the patients reported an
      antecedent infection less than 4 weeks prior to the onset of neurological
      symptoms. The stable incidence rates for GBS over time in contrast to an increase
      in the incidence of MS in the same population, indicates that different
      pathogenetic mechanisms are important in the two demyelinating diseases.

PMID- 3872004
TI  - Parkinsonian syndrome and central nervous system lymphoma involving the
      substantia nigra. A case report.
AB  - The clinical history and postmortem neuropathologic findings of a case of
      cerebral lymphoma revealed by a typical parkinsonian syndrome are reported. The
      clinical symptoms initially improved with dopa therapy. The tumor was classified
      as a diffuse, non-cleaved, large-cell lymphoma of B-cell origin producing
      monoclonal lambda light chains. The substantia nigra was infiltrated by the tumor
      and showed neuronal loss and extraneuronal pigment. The most striking
      histological feature was the presence of neuronophagic-like nodules composed of
      lymphomatous cells both in the locus niger and in the left thalamus. No tumoral
      mass effect and no histological stigmata of other etiologies of parkinsonian
      syndromes were observed. A hypothesis is that the neuronophagic-like nodules may
      reflect a neuronotoxic activity of the lymphoma and may be considered at the
      origin of parkinsonism.

PMID- 3872005
TI  - Postural responses evoked by sinusoidal galvanic stimulation of the labyrinth.
      Influence of head position.
AB  - In 15 healthy subjects we studied body sway reactions to sinusoidal 0.3 Hz
      binaural bipolar galvanic current up to 2 mA under three conditions. With the
      head forward and eyes closed, there is only a periodic lateral displacement of
      the centre of gravity, following the stimulation with a phase lag. In two other
      conditions, the head turned to the left or to the right without trunk torsion,
      the direction of sway was modified in such a way that there were mainly
      anteroposterior movements. It is thought that this experiment shows the
      modulatory influence of neck afferents on the direction of vestibulospinal motor
      effects in man.

PMID- 3872006
TI  - Intrabeat relationship of postrotatory nystagmus in patients with neurological
      disorders.
AB  - The intrabeat relationships between velocity, amplitude and duration of the slow
      phase of nystagmus as well as between amplitudes of slow vs. fast phase of
      nystagmus were analysed during a postrotatory nystagmus response by using linear
      regression analysis. Three groups of patients were studied, each consisting of 10
      subjects with lesions either in the peripheral vestibular system, in the frontal
      lobe, or in the brain stem. Irrespective of the site of the lesion, all groups
      exhibited the same response pattern: a reduction in amplitude control of the end
      point of nystagmus and an increase in durational control. The most prominent
      changes were observed in patients with brain-stem lesion in whom the durational
      control of the slow phase of nystagmus was constant, with a mean slow phase
      duration of 150 to 250 ms in the case of 3 to 4 fast phases per second. No
      alterations were observed in the relationship between amplitude of slow vis-a-vis
      fast phase. The results indicate that analysis of intrabeat relationship may
      provide additional data on the side of the disorder affecting the vestibular
      system.

PMID- 3872007
TI  - Middle ear disease in samples from the general population. II. History of otitis
      and otorrhea in relation to tympanic membrane pathology. The study of men born in
      1913 and 1923.
AB  - A study of 1371 men 20, 30, 50 and 60 years old and living in the city of
      Goteborg was performed to obtain information on otitis media infections in the
      general population. In addition to anamnestic data, a thorough examination of the
      ENT status was made by one observer. In this second report a sizable proportion
      of the men reported a history of otitis or otorrhea but had normal tympanic
      membranes. However, overall there was a close correlation between a positive
      history of otitis and otorrhea, and findings of pathological tympanic membranes
      in all the age groups, and the longer the duration of the otitis with or without
      otorrhea, the more frequent were the pathological findings. Men with a history of
      both otitis and otorrhea of long duration had generally more serious pathological
      findings than men with otitis but no longterm otorrhea.

PMID- 3872008
TI  - Vestibular findings in sensorineural hearing disorders. Results of caloric,
      oculomotor and hearing tests in 205 patients with unilateral hearing dysfunction.
AB  - In 205 patients with unilateral hearing loss, 117 of cochlear and 88 of
      retrocochlear origin, thorough audiovestibular examinations were performed to
      establish the occurrence and severity of vestibular dysfunction. The results were
      also analysed with the aim of determining the relationships between the severity
      of the hearing loss, the etiology and the topical location of the hearing
      disorder, on the one hand, and vestibular dysfunction, recorded as reduced
      caloric sensitivity and occurrence of oculomotor disturbances, on the other. No
      correlation was found between severity of hearing loss and recordable vestibular
      dysfunction, in either the cochlear or retrocochlear group of patients, or in the
      etiological subgroups of these main groups. With respect to the relations between
      the topic locations of the lesions and the results of vestibular tests, distinct
      characteristics were observed. In the affected ears, totally extinguished caloric
      reactions were more than six times as frequent in the retrocochlear group as in
      the cochlear group and appeared as a specific but rather insensitive sign of
      acoustic neurinoma. Oculomotor disturbances were only exceptionally observed in
      patients with cochlear lesions, but were noted in nearly half of the
      retrocochlear group; when only those patients with lesions of the brain stem or
      cerebellum were considered, all were found to exhibit such disturbances. The
      relations between audiometric hearing test pattern, caloric sensitivity and
      oculomotor disturbances seem to form interesting diagnostic paradigms of great
      value for the topical localization of audiovestibular disorders.

PMID- 3872009
TI  - Differences in the haemorrhagic toxicity of aspirin between rats and mice.
AB  - Rats and mice were fed a diet containing aspirin at levels of 0, 0.3, 0.6 and
      1.2% for 1 and 4 weeks. Haemorrhagic death and/or haemorrhagic anaemia occurred
      in rats in a dose-dependent manner. Prothrombin and kaolin-activated partial
      thromboplastin time indices were also decreased depending on the daily doses.
      However, no conspicuous haemorrhagic signs were found in mice given aspirin.
      These results suggest marked differences in haemorrhagic effects of aspirin
      between rats and mice. From results of supplementary experiments with two
      metabolites of aspirin, salicylic acid and gentisic acid, and from the fact of
      close relationship between hepatic concentration of salicylic acid and
      haemorrhagic effects of aspirin, it is inferred that salicylic acid may be a
      precursor for the active metabolite(s) to cause haemorrhage. The mechanism of
      species differences of aspirin is discussed.

PMID- 3872010
TI  - Prevalence of mental disorder in an urban population in central Sweden in
      relation to social class, marital status and immigration.
AB  - A representative selection of 2,283 persons, 18-65 years old in "former"
      Stockholm County were examined by psychiatrists in 1970-71. The total non
      response was 12%. The 12-month prevalence of mental disorders in relation to
      social class (I-III), marital status and immigration was estimated. The
      "psychiatric diagnoses of moderate and severe degree" were significantly more
      prevalent in social class III (14% and 2.7%) than in I (6.9% and 0.6%) and II
      (9.8% and 0.9%) and significantly more prevalent among single (16% and 4.6%) than
      among cohabiting persons (9.6% and 1.0%). The mental disorder/immigration
      relationship should here be interpreted with certain reservations. One
      significant difference was noted: the "psychiatric diagnosis of severe degree"
      was significantly more prevalent for men born in Sweden (1.5%) than for men born
      abroad (0.3%).

PMID- 3872011
TI  - Alcohol consumption and alcoholism in an urban population in central Sweden.
AB  - A representative selection of 2,283 individuals, 18-65 years old, in "former"
      Stockholm County, were examined by psychiatrists in 1970-71. The total of non
      participants was 12%. The alcohol consumption pattern and the prevalence of the
      diagnosis alcoholism for the last 12 months are reported. Significantly more men
      than women confirmed "very high" and "high" consumption, respectively. The
      diagnosis alcoholism was given to 4.8% men and 1.4% women. Significantly more
      women in social class I than in II and III, as significantly more men in social
      class I than in II stated "very high" or "high" consumption. Social consequences
      of alcohol consumption, in the form of entries in the Penal Register of the
      National Board of Excise (Kontrollstyrelsens straffregister) for the years 1965
      71, were, on the other hand, found significantly more frequently among men in
      social class III than in social classes I and II.

PMID- 3872012
TI  - Longitudinal studies of drug abuse in a fifteen-year-old population. 3. Hidden
      drug abuse.
AB  - The hidden drug abuse in a stratified sample of a year cohort born in 1953 was
      studied by measuring the difference between drug abuse stated in interviews and
      registered in public health and social welfare files in 1968, 1973 and 1976.
      Among men who had stated high-frequency drug use in a school questionnaire in
      1968 hidden drug abuse comprised two thirds of the total abuse, among women from
      the same group one half. In groups with lower degrees of abuse hidden drug abuse
      was 70-90% of the total abuse. Intravenous abuse was mostly known to public
      health and social welfare authorities. When trying to estimate the total number
      of drug abusers in an area there is reason to at least double the figures
      presented in case-finding studies.

PMID- 3872013
TI  - Longitudinal studies of drug abuse in a fifteen-year-old population. 4. Chronic
      drug abusers.
AB  - In the Gothenburg year cohort of 1953 1% of the men and 0.2% of the women were
      registered for chronic drug abuse through 1979. An early debut and a polydrug
      abuse with emphasis on intravenous abuse of central stimulants but not opiates
      were found. Compared with matched individuals who were unregistered for drug
      abuse, chronic drug abusers had a large over-consumption of psychiatric and
      social care. Their registered criminality was higher, they were more often sick
      listed and had lower incomes than the controls. The prevalence and overall
      impairment of chronic abusers are similar to those of schizophrenics.

PMID- 3872014
TI  - Atrioventricular conduction time in ankylosing spondylitis. Distribution of P-R
      intervals in patients and their relatives.
AB  - The frequency of cardiac conduction disturbance in ankylosing spondylitis is
      discussed. Risk of such disturbance in the patients' relatives is, to our
      knowledge, not known. To examine these problems, ECG records of 99 patients with
      ankylosing spondylitis and 132 of their adult first degree relatives were
      obtained. P-R intervals were determined by standardized methods and compared with
      P-R intervals of the controls. The distribution of P-R intervals both in the
      patients and their relatives was close to the controls'. Four cases of first
      degree AV block were found among the patients (P-R intervals 0.21-0.26 sec), one
      of them had aortic valve insufficiency. The single case of pronounced conduction
      delay (P-R interval 0.42 sec) was recorded in an otherwise healthy HLA B27
      positive relative. One male secondary case of ankylosing spondylitis had a P-R
      interval of 0.22 sec. Patients who had experienced acute anterior uveitis had
      relatively long P-R intervals, while patients with psoriasis had relatively short
      P-R intervals. The conclusion was that cardiac conduction disturbance was not
      frequent in patients with ankylosing spondylitis or in their relatives.

PMID- 3872015
TI  - Partial ventricular dilatation contralateral to chronic subdural haematoma.
AB  - In a series of 88 cases of chronic subdural haematoma, the occurrence of
      dilatation of the posterior portion of the contralateral ventricle was found to
      be unrelated to any major neurological variable. There was, however, a prevalence
      of recurrences of the subdural effusions in the patients with partial
      hydrocephalus, compared with patients without ventricular dilatation.

PMID- 3872016
TI  - Experimental hydrocephalus and hydrosyringomyelia in the cat. Radiological
      findings.
AB  - Fourty-six cats were made hydrocephalic and hydromyelic by means of an
      intracisternal kaolin injection. In 17 other cats hydrocephalus and
      syringohydromyelia were achieved by operative occlusion of the foramina Luschkae
      of the fourth ventricle. In both the kaolin treated animals and the animals whose
      outlets of the fourth ventricles were operatively obstructed a progressive
      dilatation of the ventricles and central canal occurred, which could be
      demonstrated and followed in 30 animals by ventriculography, myelography and/or
      contrast filling of the hydromyelic central canal. Coinciding with the dilatation
      of the central canal the clinical picture of a raised intracranial pressure due
      to obstructive hydrocephalus improved. The presented results suggest that the
      dilated central canal acts as a kind of natural by-pass between the ventricles
      and the spinal subarachnoid space. In order to determine the role of spinal
      kaolin arachnoiditis on spinal cyst formation and central canal dilatation in 13
      animals, kaolin was locally applied in the lower thoracic region. The local
      spinal kaolin arachnoiditis had no influence on central canal dilatation or cyst
      formation.

PMID- 3872017
TI  - Angiographic anatomy of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery.

PMID- 3872018
TI  - Radiologist as consultant: direct contact between referring clinician and
      radiologist before CT examination.
AB  - The need for better direct communication between referring clinicians and
      radiologists has recently been emphasized. Responding to this need, a system was
      designed and implemented that used a radiologist as a consultant for scheduling
      body computed tomographic (CT) examinations. Under this system (in the
      "experimental" period), the referring clinician was required to consult with a
      body CT radiologist to schedule an examination in addition to completing a
      standard written radiology requisition. Before implementing this system (in the
      "control" period), only the written requisition was required. Ninety-five percent
      of referring clinicians were willing to cooperate with the new system. Benefits
      of the verbal consultation system included obtaining more clinical information (p
      less than 0.001) than was on the requisition alone (2.05 +/- 1.72 extra clinical
      data items), formulation of improved scanning protocols, a reduction in the
      number of post-CT diagnostic tests, and improved clinician-radiologist rapport.
      The costs of the system were mainly the nearly 5 min it took to schedule each
      case. It was concluded that a system that uses the radiologist as consultant and
      requires oral consultation between clinicians and radiologists can be implemented
      and has measurable benefits for patient care.

PMID- 3872019
TI  - American College of Radiology network and workstation.

PMID- 3872020
TI  - Computed tomography and chymopapain chemonucleolysis: preliminary findings.
AB  - Ten lumbar disk levels in nine patients were examined by computed tomography (CT)
      before and 6 weeks after chymopapain chemonucleolysis of herniated nucleus
      pulposus (HNP). Patient selection for chemonucleolysis was partly based on CT
      scans demonstrating morphologic HNP criteria favoring a successful treatment
      outcome. Posttreatment CT scans disclosed a measurable HNP size decrease of 1-3
      mm at nine of 10 levels studied as well as an increase in HNP attenuation at many
      levels. CT findings correlated closely with objective clinical parameters used to
      assess treatment outcomes.

PMID- 3872021
TI  - Radiographic findings in pulmonary hypertension from unresolved embolism.
AB  - Pulmonary artery hypertension with chronic pulmonary embolism is an uncommon
      entity that is potentially treatable with pulmonary embolectomy. Although the
      classic radiographic features have been described, several recent investigators
      report a significant percentage of these patients with normal chest radiographs.
      In a series of 22 patients, no normal radiographs were seen. Findings included
      cardiomegaly (86.4%) with right-sided enlargement (68.4%), right descending
      pulmonary artery enlargement (54.5%), azygos vein enlargement (27.3%), mosaic
      oligemia (68.2%), chronic volume loss (27.3%), atelectasis and/or effusion
      (22.7%), and pleural thickening (13.6%). Good correlation with specific areas of
      diminished vascularity was seen on chest radiographs compared with pulmonary
      angiograms.

PMID- 3872022
TI  - Pulmonary manifestations of juvenile laryngotracheal papillomatosis.
AB  - Juvenile laryngotracheal papillomatosis spreads to involve the lungs in less than
      1% of cases, and when this occurs, the prognosis is poor. In seven such cases,
      the lung lesions, which appeared either solid or cystic on radiographs, proved to
      be benign squamous cell proliferations or papillomas, with central cavities
      containing debris or air. They seemed to grow centrifugally, using the alveolar
      walls as scaffolding with central coalescence and lung destruction. Papillomas
      spread inferiorly from the larynx by direct extension as far as the major
      bronchi, but rarely beyond. However, the parenchymal lesions were widely
      scattered, and some were subpleural. This discrepancy suggests that fragments
      become detached, particularly during endoscopic resection, and are carried down
      the airways by airflow. Those that lodge proximal to the respiratory bronchioles
      may be removed by mucociliary action and cough. Those that travel more distally
      are poorly cleared and may grow. If enough lung parenchyma is destroyed, the
      patient can develop symptoms of restrictive lung disease in addition to signs of
      upper airway obstruction.

PMID- 3872023
TI  - Correlation of radiographic measurements and pulmonary function tests in chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - Measurements on standard frontal and lateral radiographs that reliably predict
      the presence or absence of chronic obstructive lung disease would be useful to
      the clinical radiologist when no other clinical data are available. Therefore,
      statistical correlations of pulmonary function tests and measurements of chest
      films were made in 104 men chosen from 1000 cases referred for pulmonary function
      tests in whom no obvious abnormality was present on the chest film. Two
      measurements were significantly correlated (p less than 0.001) without requiring
      correction for body surface area: (1) The height of the arc of the right
      diaphragm in the lateral projection. When 2.6 cm or less it identifies 67.7% of
      all patients with abnormal pulmonary function tests and 78.3% of patients with
      moderately or severely abnormal pulmonary function tests. (2) The height of the
      right lung in the posteroanterior projection. When this is 29.9 cm or more it
      will identify 69.8% of all patients with abnormal pulmonary function tests and
      79.7% of patients with moderately to severely abnormal pulmonary function tests.
      These simple measurements will assist the radiologist to judge from standard
      chest radiographs whether a patient may or may not have chronic obstructive lung
      disease.

PMID- 3872024
TI  - Detection of paraesophageal varices by plain films.
AB  - Plain-film findings of paraesophageal varices were investigated in 352 patients
      with portal hypertension. Paraesophageal varices were suggested on routine chest
      films in 17 cases (4.8%) and on Bucky films in 30 cases (8.3%). Plain-film
      findings included posterior mediastinal mass shadows, obliteration of the
      descending aorta, and mass density adjacent to the descending aorta appearing to
      be intraparenchymal (lesions in the inferior pulmonary ligament). The importance
      of close observation of subtle findings on plain chest films is stressed.

PMID- 3872025
TI  - Thoracic splenosis.

PMID- 3872026
TI  - CT of the pericardial recesses.
AB  - Within the pericardial cavity there are several recesses where fluid can collect
      in close contiguity to the major bronchi and lymph nodes. These include the
      transverse sinus, behind the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk; the oblique
      sinus, behind the left atrium; and the left pulmonic recess, between the left
      pulmonary artery and the left superior pulmonary vein. There are also smaller
      pericardial recesses between the superior and inferior pulmonary veins,
      posterolateral to the superior vena cava, and between the inferior vena cava and
      coronary sinus. An understanding of sectional anatomy is valuable for
      differentiation of fluid within these recesses from mediastinal masses or
      enlarged lymph nodes on computed tomographic scans.

PMID- 3872027
TI  - Barium pharyngography: comparison of single and double contrast.
AB  - In 119 patients referred for barium pharyngography, both single- and double
      contrast examinations were performed. The air-contrast examinations were easier
      to perform and yielded fewer suboptimal studies than the single-contrast
      examinations. Neither technique proved to be sensitive in the detection of
      lesions in the oral cavity, but for lesions in the pharynx, the air-contrast
      technique had a higher sensitivity (87% vs. 33%) and overall accuracy (94% vs.
      84%) than the combination of single-contrast radiography and videotaped
      fluoroscopy. Single-contrast films provided no further information than the
      combination of the air-contrast views and the videotaped fluoroscopy. The air
      contrast examination was clinically helpful in those patients in whom indirect
      laryngoscopy was difficult.

PMID- 3872028
TI  - Esophageal involvement in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
AB  - Review of 18 patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) revealed pathologic
      evidence of esophageal disease in six (33%). Four patients manifested varying
      degrees of esophagitis, ranging from mild to severe ulcerations and stricture
      formation. In two patients, symptomatic Barrett esophagus was detected 4 and 6
      months after total gastrectomy, respectively. It is postulated that due to
      longstanding gastroesophageal reflux, Barrett esophagus was present in these two
      patients before total gastrectomy, and esophageal symptoms became only apparent
      after more compelling symptoms of gastric peptic ulceration were controlled by
      definitive surgery. Esophageal involvement occurs with greater frequency in
      patients with ZES; the previously held notion that esophageal disease due to
      gastroesophageal reflux in ZES patients is uncommon is contrary to the results of
      this study. It is recommended that all patients with ZES irrespective of symptom
      complex should be routinely evaluated for the presence or absence of esophageal
      disease because of its important bearings on adequate surgical management.

PMID- 3872029
TI  - CT evaluation of gastrointestinal leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas.
AB  - Computed tomographic (CT) features in 29 patients with gastrointestinal
      leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas were analyzed and compared. Features evaluated
      included size, shape, homogeneity, response to intravenous contrast material, and
      presence of calcification. The sarcomas were larger (average, 12 cm) than the
      myomas (average, 4.8 cm), had an irregular shape, and had a nonhomogeneous
      appearance both before and after contrast enhancement. Gross features depicted on
      CT are compared with gross pathologic criteria. Analysis of the CT appearance
      suggested malignancy in two cases in which microscopic examination was
      interpreted as benign.

PMID- 3872030
TI  - Ceruletide intravenous dose-response study by a simplified scintigraphic
      technique.
AB  - The intravenous dose response of a ceruletide diethylamine (ceruletide) was
      established by a simplified scintigraphic technique where multiple graded doses
      were given sequentially on a single occasion. The gallbladder volume was
      represented nongeometrically by 99mTc-IDA counts. The mean latent period,
      ejection period, and ejection rate were similar for all four groups of subjects
      given 1-20 ng/kg of ceruletide. The mean (+/- SD) ejection fractions after 1, 5,
      10, and 15 ng/kg of ceruletide as the single dose were 19.4 +/- 11.9%, 59.6 +/-
      26.0%, 55.2 +/- 23.3%, and 67.8 +/- 8.7%, respectively. These ejection fractions
      were similar to the values when the identical dose of ceruletide was administered
      sequentially either before or after another dose. A dose of 5 ng/kg produced the
      most physiologic type of emptying. Intravenous doses of 10 ng/kg and larger
      caused adverse reactions in 42% of the total doses in the form of abdominal pain,
      nausea, systolic and diastolic hypotension, or bradycardia. It is concluded that
      the dose response of a cholecystokininlike agent (ceruletide) can be established
      reliably by a scintigraphic technique where multiple graded doses are given on a
      single occasion.

PMID- 3872031
TI  - Hepatic vascular anatomy on magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - This study evaluated the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to depict
      the hepatic vasculature and surgical anatomy of the liver using the transaxial,
      coronal, and sagittal planes. Retrospective analysis of the abdominal MRI
      examinations of 94 patients was performed. The spin-echo imaging technique was
      used to obtain transaxial images in all patients and coronal and sagittal
      sections in 35 of these patients. Overall, the hepatic vasculature was better
      delineated on the longer repetition rates (2000 msec TR) and the first echo
      images (28 msec TE). The inferior vena cava, right and middle hepatic veins, and
      main and right portal veins were seen in 100% of the cases in the transaxial
      plane. The left hepatic vein was seen in 98%, the left portal vein in 93%, and
      the hepatic artery in 44% in the transaxial plane. In the sagittal and coronal
      planes, the inferior vena cava and main and right portal veins were seen in 100%
      of cases. The other hepatic vasculature was less frequently demonstrated. In the
      sagittal plane, the right hepatic vein was seen in 85% of the cases, the left
      hepatic vein in 62%, the middle hepatic vein in 90%, the left portal vein in 90%,
      and the hepatic artery in 14%. In the coronal plane, the right hepatic vein was
      seen in 85% of cases, the left hepatic vein in 14%, the middle hepatic vein in
      79%, the left portal vein in 71%, and the hepatic artery in 7%. These results are
      from preliminary work. Further developments with MRI technology may render better
      visualization of hepatic vasculature.

PMID- 3872032
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of patent umbilical veins.

PMID- 3872033
TI  - A simple view for demonstration of fractures of the anterior arch of C1.

PMID- 3872034
TI  - Carpal tunnel ring artifact.

PMID- 3872035
TI  - Bone scintigraphy in hypervitaminosis A.

PMID- 3872036
TI  - Thrombolysis of peripheral arterial and graft occlusions: improved results using
      high-dose urokinase.
AB  - Ninety-three thromboembolic occlusions of peripheral arteries or grafts in 85
      patients were treated with high-dose urokinase by direct intraarterial infusion.
      Urokinase was infused at 4000 IU/min until antegrade blood flow was reestablished
      and then at 1000 or 2000 IU/min until clot lysis was completed. Of the 93
      infusions, 75 (81%) resulted in clinical improvement. The infusion therapy was
      incomplete in nine patients. The mean duration of the 84 completed infusions was
      18 +/- 20 hr, the incidence of complete clot lysis was 83%, and the incidence of
      clinical improvement was 89%. Significant bleeding, requiring transfusion,
      occurred during or after four of the urokinase infusions (4%). Other
      complications included distad clot migration, thrombus formation on the catheter,
      revascularization phenomena, oliguria, skin rash, pseudoaneurysm, balloon rupture
      during angioplasty, and vascular spasm. There were no instances of drug
      resistance or adverse drug reactions. These results indicate that an initially
      high-dose urokinase regimen accomplishes more rapid recanalization, a higher
      incidence of total clot lysis, and produces fewer complications than the standard
      low-dose streptokinase regimen.

PMID- 3872037
TI  - Assessment of hand blood flow: a modified technique.
AB  - A blood flow artifact has been identified with the conventional bolus-injection
      technique in radionuclide studies of hand disorders. The artifact, consisting of
      increased blood flow on the injected side, was demonstrated in 22 of 25 subjects.
      Using a modified injection technique to allow time for local blood flow to return
      to the basal state, the artifact could be eliminated in 19 of 23 additional
      subjects. Use of this simple protocol should help avoid misinterpretation of
      blood flow asymmetry in the assessment of hand disorders.

PMID- 3872038
TI  - Superselective catheterization of small-caliber arteries with a new high
      visibility steerable guide wire.

PMID- 3872039
TI  - Supplementary tissue-core histology from fine-needle transthoracic aspiration
      biopsy.
AB  - Biopsies of 150 consecutive suspected lung cancers were performed with fine
      needles having circumferentially beveled tips that produced cytology and tiny
      tissue cores suitable for histology. Visible tissue cores were aspirated in 92%
      (n = 138) and histologic diagnoses were obtained in 72% (n = 108). There were 118
      (79%) proven malignant and 27 (18%) proven benign lesions. Sensitivity and
      specificity of cancer diagnoses were 97% and 100%, respectively. Biopsy histology
      was the only positive cancer specimen in two biopsies (1.7%). Biopsy cytology was
      the only positive cancer specimen in 20 cases (17.2%). Biopsy cytology and
      histology agreed with the proven cell type in 71.8% and 78.6% of cancers,
      respectively. As expected, when large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma was
      regarded as a nonspecific cell type consistent with either poorly differentiated
      adenocarcinoma or poorly differentiated epidermoid carcinoma, biopsy-cell-type
      accuracy increased greatly. Specific benign diagnoses were obtained in 44% of the
      27 biopsies of proven benign lesions: cytology (four), core histology (five), and
      bacteriology (nine). Simple and complicated pneumothorax occurred in 10% and 4%
      of biopsies, respectively. It was concluded that biopsy with fine,
      circumferentially beveled needles can produce useful histology to supplement
      biopsy cytology.

PMID- 3872040
TI  - Upper ureteral calculi: extraction via percutaneous nephrostomy.
AB  - Symptomatic calculi in the upper ureter are usually removed using surgical and
      endoscopic techniques. Extraction via percutaneous nephrostomy was successful in
      35 of 37 patients using sequentially the techniques of retrograde catheter push,
      basket sheath exchange, and steerable loop-snare. In 12 patients, the calculus
      was dislodged into the renal pelvis by the retrograde ureteral catheter;
      extraction was then easily done. Stone basket retrieval was used for an
      additional 17 patients. A steerable loop-snare was necessary in six other
      patients when basket retrieval failed.

PMID- 3872041
TI  - Retroperitoneal hemorrhage after percutaneous nephrostomy.
AB  - Sixty-two kidneys in 57 patients were studied by computed tomography (CT) after
      percutaneous nephrostomy. Clinically unsuspected retroperitoneal hematomas were
      detected in eight kidneys (13%). In eight other patients, extrarenal collections
      of contrast material were noted. In none of the cases was a large hematoma seen
      or surgical intervention required.

PMID- 3872042
TI  - Pediatric patient exposures from CT examinations: GE CT/T 9800 scanner.
AB  - This report presents Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI) values for typical CT
      examinations of children for a GE CT/T 9800 scanner and compares them with
      measured entrance skin absorbed doses of pediatric patients under clinical
      situations. Pediatric entrance skin absorbed doses were 1.1-2.4 rad (cGy) for
      chest and abdomen examinations, 2.0-3.4 rad (cGy) for pediatric head
      examinations, and 3.2-4.2 rad (cGy) for infant (less than or equal to 6 months)
      head examinations. CTDI measurements in a cylindrical Lucite head phantom
      predicted typical pediatric absorbed doses to within about 5% for chest and
      abdomen examinations and to within about 15% for head examinations, when
      corrections for amperage differences are taken into account.

PMID- 3872043
TI  - Radiation exposure due to scatter in neonatal radiographic procedures.
AB  - Radiation exposure due to scatter from radiographic examinations in the neonatal
      nursery depends on a number of parameters, such as beam kilovoltage, beam size,
      and distance from the infant being radiographed. These exposures are much less
      than those encountered in adult portable radiography. It is shown that, if
      reasonable precautions are taken, exposure to personnel in the nursery should be
      well within permissible limits.

PMID- 3872044
TI  - Computed tomography of infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) was performed on five infants with hepatic
      hemangioendothelioma. Precontrast scans showed solitary or multiple, homogeneous,
      circumscribed areas with reduced attenuation values. Tiny tumoral calcifications
      were identified in two patients. Serial scans, after injection of a bolus of
      contrast material, showed early massive enhancement, which was either diffuse or
      peripheral. On delayed scans, multinodular tumors became isodense with
      surrounding liver, while all solitary ones showed varied degrees of centripetal
      enhancement and persistent central cleftlike unenhanced areas. The authors
      believe that these CT features are characteristic and obviate arteriographic
      confirmation.

PMID- 3872046
TI  - Inferior vena cava CT pseudothrombus produced by rapid arm-vein contrast
      infusion.
AB  - Laminar flow within the inferior vena cava can cause artifacts that may simulate
      thrombus if a foot-vein infusion is used. A "pseudothrombus" artifact within the
      suprarenal inferior vena cava produced by rapid infusion of contrast material
      through an arm vein is reported. This artifact was noted in 25 patients in a 6
      month period and was believed to be from laminar flow of renal venous effluent of
      increased opacity around less opacified infrarenal caval contents.
      Differentiation from true thrombus can be made by the use of delayed scans as
      well as the increased density and relatively poor margination of the artifact.

PMID- 3872045
TI  - Attenuation of radionuclide activity by metal-cup arthroplasties.
AB  - The half-value layers of stainless steel, bone cement, and polyethylene were
      measured for 99mTc, 67Ga, 111In, and 201TI to render some insight into the
      attenuating effects of the metallic cup and other components used in surface
      replacement revision arthroplasty. On theoretic consideration, a twofold increase
      in 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate in bone inside the cup should not be attenuated
      to the point of escaping detection on the radionuclide images of the hip. 67Ga,
      using the 184 and 300 keV peaks, and 111In have greater half-value layers than
      99mTc and are subject to less attenuation by the metallic cup.

PMID- 3872047
TI  - Fogging of radiographs by in vivo radionuclides.

PMID- 3872048
TI  - Value of CT in screening for mediastinal nodal metastases.

PMID- 3872050
TI  - Thrombolysis and coronary reoperation: successful combined therapy for acute
      postoperative myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3872049
TI  - Developments in diagnosing and treating otitis media.
AB  - Acute otitis media is commonly caused by pneumococcus and Hemophilus influenzae.
      Amoxicillin is recommended as the initial therapy when the causative agent has
      not been identified. If amoxicillin is ineffective, cefaclor is useful.
      Decongestants are of little proven value. Since most middle ear effusions resolve
      spontaneously in three to four months, surgical treatment is seldom indicated.

PMID- 3872051
TI  - Cardiac metabolism and coronary hemodynamics before and after bypass surgery for
      anomalous origin of the left main coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk.

PMID- 3872052
TI  - Comparative electrophysiologic profiles of calcium antagonists with particular
      reference to bepridil.
AB  - The calcium antagonist bepridil hydrochloride differs pharmacologically from the
      conventional agents that block the myocardial slow channel. Its clinical
      electrophysiologic effects are poorly defined. The effects of 2 mg/kg + 1 mg/kg
      of intravenously administered bepridil in 10 patients were compared with those of
      3 mg/kg + 1 mg/kg in 9 patients undergoing electrophysiologic evaluation of
      clinical symptoms. The overall effects of the 2 regimens did not differ
      significantly. The drug reduced the heart rate slightly; it had no effect on the
      PR interval but significantly lengthened the AH interval by 2 to 10%, HV by 2 to
      12% and QTc by 5 to 8%. The most striking effect was the prolongation of the
      functional (up to 17%, p less than 0.001) and the effective (up to 13%, p less
      than 0.001) refractory periods of the atrioventricular node with a lengthening of
      the Wenckebach cycle (up to 17%, p less than 0.001). In contrast to the action of
      verapamil, bepridil significantly prolonged the ventricular (4 to 7%, p less than
      0.01 to p less than 0.001) and the atrial (12 to 19%, p less than 0.05 to p less
      than 0.001) effective refractory periods. The data indicate that bepridil
      hydrochloride has a wide spectrum of electrophysiologic activity in man
      consistent with inhibitory actions on myocardial slow and fast channels and a
      significant lengthening of cardiac repolarization. These overall effects suggest
      that the antiarrhythmic profile of the drug is likely to be wider than those of
      conventional calcium antagonists.

PMID- 3872053
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of intravenous bepridil in patients with normal left
      ventricular function.
AB  - Calcium-channel blockers are known to have depressant effects on atrioventricular
      (AV) nodal conduction and myocardial contractility. Because of these known
      depressant effects, bepridil hydrochloride, a new, long-acting, antianginal and
      antiarrhythmic calcium-channel blocker, was administered intravenously to
      patients without heart failure to determine acute hemodynamic effects. The
      patients studied had normal ventricular function, were without
      electrocardiographic conduction disturbances and were taking no drug except
      sublingual nitroglycerin for at least 24 hours before bepridil infusion. The
      study protocol included right- and left-sided cardiac catheterization with
      infusion of bepridil at 2 mg/kg for 15 minutes followed by 1 mg/kg for 15 minutes
      in 10 patients, and infusion of bepridil at 3 mg/kg for 15 minutes followed by 1
      mg/kg for 15 minutes in 8 patients. Pressures, Fick cardiac output, resistances,
      left ventricular (LV) dP/dt, LV stroke work index and rate-pressure product of
      the left ventricle were monitored. There were no significant changes during
      bepridil infusion at either dose for cardiac output, systemic vascular and
      pulmonary vascular resistances, LV stroke work index, heart rate, arterial blood
      pressure and rate-pressure product. There was mild depression of LV dP/dt during
      bepridil infusion. Further, LV end-diastolic pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge
      pressure and pulmonary arterial pressures were significantly increased during
      bepridil infusion. There were no apparent changes in AV nodal or intraventricular
      conduction during bepridil infusion. We conclude that bepridil appears to be a
      safe drug for intravenous administration despite mild depression of myocardial
      function in patients with normal baseline hemodynamic function who are not
      receiving concomitant beta-blocker therapy.

PMID- 3872054
TI  - Hemodynamic assessment of intravenous bepridil administration in ischemic heart
      disease.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of intravenous administration of bepridil were evaluated
      in 17 patients with chronic coronary artery disease who underwent cardiac
      catheterization. Of the 17 patients, 8 received bepridil, 2 mg/kg of body weight,
      for 15 minutes followed by 1 mg/kg for 15 minutes (group A), and 9 received 3
      mg/kg followed by 1 mg/kg (group B). In group A, the systemic blood pressure (BP)
      decreased (p less than 0.05) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
      increased minimally (p less than 0.05). Heart rate (HR), pulmonary artery
      pressure, cardiac output (CO), stroke index, pulmonary vascular resistance and
      systemic vascular resistance (SVR), stroke work index, "contractility" (+dP/dt)
      and double product (HR X systolic BP) showed no significant change after bepridil
      infusion. In contrast, in group B, while +dP/dt decreased (p less than 0.01), SVR
      also showed a strong downward trend and changed significantly more than in group
      A; in the context of the latter alteration, CO increased significantly. In
      addition, the double product (less than 0.025) and systemic BP (p less than 0.05)
      decreased, though other parameters did not vary significantly. Thus, although a
      modest dose-related negative inotropic effect (decreased +dP/dt) was seen, dose
      related direct systemic vasodilatation (decreased SVR) led to improved cardiac
      performance (increase in cardiac index) at the larger dose.

PMID- 3872055
TI  - Pharmacology of calcium antagonists.
AB  - Although the calcium antagonists verapamil, nifedipine, diltiazem and bepridil
      are structurally diverse, they share, to a variable extent, several pharmacologic
      properties. These effects are presumably the result of dose-related inhibition of
      transmembrane calcium ion flux through the slow channel. In diseased tissue,
      other routes of calcium entry may also be inhibited, and intracellular sites of
      action also are now strongly suspected. The calcium antagonists tend to relax
      vascular smooth muscle in a dose-dependent and site-specific manner. Effective
      coronary vasodilation is found with each agent; peripheral vasodilation is most
      pronounced with nifedipine, followed, in descending order of potency, by
      verapamil, diltiazem and bepridil. Atrioventricular conduction is also inhibited
      by diltiazem, bepridil and verapamil, whereas nifedipine paradoxically has no
      effect at therapeutic doses. The calcium antagonists also reduce muscle
      contractile force, but again in variable degrees. Negative inotropy is
      significant with verapamil and minimal with diltiazem and bepridil. Nifedipine
      often causes a reflex increase in contractility and heart rate. At therapeutic
      doses, bepridil has additional properties: it appears to affect sodium and
      perhaps potassium channels, producing a quinidine-like effect, and it prolongs
      the refractory period. Experimentally, bepridil has also been found to extend the
      duration of the action potential, raise the ventricular fibrillation threshold
      and possess both class I and class IV antiarrhythmic activity at relatively small
      doses. If documented clinically, bepridil may prove to be an effective
      antiarrhythmic as well as antianginal agent.

PMID- 3872057
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of bepridil.
AB  - Bepridil hydrochloride differs from the other calcium antagonists in structure as
      well as in several clinical pharmacokinetic characteristics. The drug is
      completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, but first-pass extraction
      reduces oral bioavailability to approximately 60%. After single-dose
      administration, the elimination half-life of bepridil averages 33 +/- 15 hours.
      However, upon multiple dosing, a half-life of 42 +/- 12 hours is found. As with
      verapamil and diltiazem, bepridil clearance is decreased after multiple dosing.
      Bepridil is completely metabolized, presumably by hepatic oxidative processes. A
      total of 17 metabolites have been identified, but the contribution of any of
      these metabolites to observed clinical response is currently unclear. The free
      fraction of bepridil in plasma is low, averaging only 0.23%. Despite this high
      protein binding, in vitro studies indicate that the potential for drug-to-drug
      interactions based on displacement of bepridil from its binding sites is low.
      Bepridil follows a linear dose/plasma concentration relation after single and
      multiple doses of the drug in both healthy volunteers and patients with angina.
      However, mean steady-state plasma bepridil concentrations are higher in patients,
      indicating a greater average decreased clearance. Food does not interfere with
      bepridil absorption. At this time, no significant pharmacokinetic interactions
      between bepridil and digoxin have been detected.

PMID- 3872056
TI  - Electrophysiologic and antiarrhythmic properties of bepridil.
AB  - Bepridil has been shown to block both slow- and fast-channel activity in the
      heart. Electrophysiologic studies in man demonstrate that oral and intravenous
      bepridil prolongs sinus cycle length, PR interval and QT interval, without
      apparently changing the QRS interval. In addition, the drug depresses
      atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction, resulting in an increased AH interval.
      Refractoriness in the AV node, atrium and ventricle is increased. There is
      usually little or no change in the HV interval. The antiarrhythmic properties of
      bepridil have been noted in patients with supraventricular tachycardia,
      ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) and sustained ventricular tachycardia
      (VT). In 17 patients, intravenous bepridil was compared with either verapamil or
      ajmaline. AV nodal reentrant tachycardia was terminated in all patients with
      bepridil and verapamil. However, ajmaline was somewhat more effective than
      bepridil in patients with AV reentry (8 of 8 versus 5 of 8). In 12 of these 17
      patients, oral bepridil (500 mg/day for 3 days) suppressed the induction of
      tachycardia or slowed its rate. In 3 studies of oral bepridil for VPCs, the drug
      was effective in 68%, 69% and 70% of patients. Another group of studies evaluated
      bepridil in a total of 30 patients with sustained VT. Intravenous bepridil
      terminated VT in 17 of 26 patients. The induction of VT by programmed ventricular
      stimulation was also prevented in 7 of 17 patients. Although torsade de pointes
      has been reported, its incidence appears to be low.

PMID- 3872058
TI  - Manganese binding proteins in human and cow's milk.
AB  - Manganese nutrition in the neonatal period is poorly understood, due in part to a
      lack of information on the amount of manganese in infant foods and its
      bioavailability. Since the molecular localization of an element in foods is one
      determinant of its subsequent bioavailability, we have studied the binding of
      manganese in human and cow's milk. An extrinsic label of 54Mn was shown to
      equilibrate isotopically with native manganese in milks and formulas. Milk
      samples were separated into fat, casein and whey by ultracentrifugation. In human
      milk, the major part (71%) of manganese was found in whey, 11% in casein and 18%
      in the lipid fraction. In contrast, in cow's milk, 32% of total manganese was in
      whey, 67% in casein and 1% in lipid. Within the human whey fraction, most of the
      manganese was bound to lactoferrin, while in cow's whey, manganese was mostly
      complexed to ligands with molecular weights less than 200. The distribution of
      manganese in formulas was closer to that of human milk than of cow's milk. The
      bioavailability of manganese associated with lactoferrin, casein and low
      molecular weight complexes needs to be assessed.

PMID- 3872059
TI  - Ampicillin resistance and Haemophilus influenzae type b.

PMID- 3872060
TI  - Bacteriology of otitis media.

PMID- 3872062
TI  - Methylprednisolone and troleandomycin in treatment of steroid-dependent asthmatic
      children.
AB  - Oral methylprednisolone combined with troleandomycin has been reported to be
      successful in treating poorly controlled, severe asthma in adults. We found this
      drug combination to be effective in treating 11 steroid-dependent children with
      poorly controlled asthma who were aged 7 to 13 years, for 12 to 28 months.
      Improvement of clinical and pulmonary functions was achieved within seven days,
      with the forced expiratory volume in 1 s increasing by 38% and the maximal
      midexpiratory flow rate increasing by 55% over the baseline value. By one year,
      the former improved to 98% of predicted value and the latter, to 79% of predicted
      value. Compared with the prior 12 months, patients at this time required fewer
      emergency visits, missed fewer days of school, and had fewer hospitalizations.
      Side effects included transient-increased cushingoid features, abdominal pain,
      and liver enzyme level elevation. Patients showed less evidence of adrenal
      suppression.

PMID- 3872061
TI  - Protein quality and quantity in preterm infants receiving the same energy intake.
AB  - Fifteen low-birth-weight appropriate for gestational age infants, weighing 1.3 to
      1.6 kg, were assigned to three isocaloric formulas differing in the quantity and
      form of nitrogen delivered. A balance study was done between 21 and 30 days after
      birth. Nitrogen retention expressed as milligram per kilogram per 100 kcal of
      metabolizable energy was greater with the 60:40 whey/casein and with the casein
      hydrolysate preparations than with the 20:80 whey/casein formula, which provided
      the same amount of energy (150 kcal/kg/day) but smaller quantities of protein
      (3.5 g/kg/day) than the two others (4.3 g/kg/day and 4.4 g/kg/day). Weight gain
      until discharge from the hospital and increment of height and head circumference
      over a three-month period showed an advantage of the two formulas providing
      higher intakes of protein. This study suggests that with high-energy intakes,
      protein quality does not affect nitrogen retention and growth unless the quantity
      of protein ingested falls below a critical level.

PMID- 3872063
TI  - Prevalence of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in chronic suppurative otitis
      media.
AB  - Aspiration of the exudate through open perforation was performed in 48 children
      with chronic suppurative otitis media. Eighty-two aerobic and 93 anaerobic
      isolates were recovered. Aerobic bacteria only were involved in 22 patients
      (46%), and anaerobic organisms only were involved in five patients (10%). Mixed
      aerobic and anaerobic isolates were recovered from 21 patients (44%). The most
      common bacteria isolated were Bacteroides melaninogenicus group (40% of
      patients), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (29%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%), and
      Staphylococcus aureus (10%). There were 50 beta-lactamase-producing organisms (26
      anaerobes and 24 aerobes) recovered from 33 patients (69%). Forty-four of these
      bacteria were isolated from the 37 patients recently treated with a penicillin.
      These included all ten isolates of S aureus and Bacteroides fragilis group, 11 of
      19 of B melaninogenicus group, five of the 14 P aeruginosa, three of ten K
      pneumoniae, three of six of Bacteroides oralis, four of six of Haemophilus
      influenzae, two of three of Staphylococcus epidermidis, and two of four of
      Branhamella catarrhalis. The beta-lactamase-producing organisms have a possible
      role in the failure of penicillin therapy.

PMID- 3872064
TI  - Interaction between a serum factor and T lymphocytes in Gaucher disease.
AB  - A defective formation of E rosette from peripheral lymphocytes was observed in
      five patients with Gaucher disease. Evidence is shown that the reduction of E
      rosetting capacity is due to serum factors since it was induced in normal
      lymphocytes incubated with patients' sera. It is likely that ferritin, found
      elevated in the patients, might be involved in this inhibitory phenomenon. This
      disfunction might play a role in the high incidence of cancer in Gaucher
      patients.

PMID- 3872065
TI  - The natural history of homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase
      deficiency.
AB  - An international questionnaire survey has been conducted to define better the
      natural history of homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency
      and permit evaluation of treatment. Data were compiled for 629 patients. Among
      patients not discovered by newborn screening, B6-responsive individuals on the
      average have significantly better mental capabilities (mean IQ, 79) than do B6
      nonresponsive individuals (mean IQ, 57). Time-to-event curves are presented for
      the other major clinical abnormalities produced by this disease. Each occurred at
      significantly lower rates in untreated B6-responsive than in untreated B6
      nonresponsive patients, as shown by the following examples: (1) dislocation of
      optic lenses (at age 10, chances of dislocation: 55% and 82%, respectively); (2)
      initial clinically detected thromboembolic events (at age 15, chances of having
      had such an event: 12% and 27%, respectively); (3) radiologic detection of spinal
      osteoporosis (at age 15, chances of such osteoporosis having been detected: 36%
      and 64%, respectively); and (4) mortality (at age 30, chances of not surviving:
      4% and 23%, respectively). Methionine restriction initiated neonatally prevented
      mental retardation, retarded the rate of lens dislocation, and may have reduced
      the incidence of seizures. Pyridoxine treatment of late-detected B6-responsive
      patients retarded the rate of occurrence of initial thromboembolic events.
      Following 586 surgical procedures, 25 postoperative thromboembolic complications
      occurred, six of which were fatal. Reproductive histories were reported
      predominantly for B6-responsive patients. Living offspring of either men or women
      patients had few abnormalities. The evidence is inconclusive whether untreated
      maternal cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency leads to excessive fetal loss.
      Only 13% of patients detected in screening programs of newborns and classified as
      to B6-responsiveness were B6-responsive, compared to 47% among late-detected
      patients. Current screening programs that identify neonatal hypermethioninemia
      may be preferentially failing to detect B6-responsive patients.

PMID- 3872067
TI  - Alterations in lymphocyte cell surface markers during various human infections.

PMID- 3872066
TI  - Saccadic eye movements among copper smelter workers.
AB  - Saccade accuracy was studied in 87 copper smelter workers. Findings were compared
      with those obtained in 52 lead-exposed automobile production workers and 52
      controls examined as part of a separate study. Both groups of workers showed a
      decrease in saccade accuracy compared to controls. Saccade accuracy was reduced
      in copper smelter workers over 50 years of age compared to automobile production
      workers in this age group. Decreased saccade accuracy was not correlated with
      blood lead (Pb-B), zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), or urinary arsenic (As-U) levels
      among copper smelter workers, but was significantly correlated with both Pb-B and
      ZPP in the group of automobile production workers. Saccade accuracy decreased
      significantly with age and duration of exposure only in the group of copper
      smelter workers. Complex exposures to lead and other toxic agents present in the
      smelter may account for the reduction in saccade accuracy among copper smelter
      workers.

PMID- 3872068
TI  - Correlation between immunologic function and clinical subpopulations of patients
      with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - The present study was designed to determine whether there was a significant
      correlation between the clinical presentation of patients with AIDS or AIDS
      related illnesses and the degree of their underlying immunologic abnormalities.
      In 17 patients who presented with opportunistic infections, the mean number of T4
      lymphocytes was 34/mm3 and the mean proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin
      26,000 cpm; in 12 patients who presented with Kaposi's sarcoma alone, the mean
      number of T4 cells was 231/mm3 and the mean proliferative response to
      phytohemagglutinin, 32,809 cpm; and in nine patients with the lymphadenopathy
      syndrome, the mean number of T4 cells was 703/mm3 and the mean proliferative
      response to phytohemagglutinin, 49,317 cpm. These findings suggest that those
      patients who present with opportunistic infections as their initial clinical
      manifestation of AIDS may represent a subgroup with a more severe immunologic
      derangement prior to clinical diagnosis. Thus, in those who have a predisposition
      to Kaposi's sarcoma, this disease will often develop, prior to the development of
      T cell dysfunction, to the degree of that in those who present with opportunistic
      infections. This finding is of importance in attempts to understand the
      pathogenesis of this syndrome and in the design of therapeutic trials.

PMID- 3872069
TI  - Osteoarthritis. Emerging evidence for cell interactions in the breakdown and
      remodeling of cartilage.
AB  - Interactions among the cells of joint components appear to contribute to the
      dynamic events associated with breakdown of the cartilage matrix and remodeling
      of the articular surface in osteoarthritis. The mediator interleukin-1 may be one
      of the stimuli that induce release of hydrolytic factors from synovial membrane
      cells and chondrocytes, which contribute to the degradation of collagen and
      proteoglycans in the cartilage matrix. The remodeling process is associated with
      chondrocyte proliferation and vascular and cellular ingrowth from subchondral
      bone with osteophyte formation. It is postulated that growth factors isolated
      from cartilage and bone may contribute to repair and remodeling of the articular
      end of the joint.

PMID- 3872070
TI  - Bacteremia due to nontypable Haemophilus influenzae--three cases in a community
      hospital.
AB  - Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae is a normal inhabitant of the upper respiratory
      tract and a common pathogen in diseases limited to mucosal surfaces. Nontypable
      H. influenzae has only occasionally been reported to cause invasive disease
      locally or systemically. In a period of two years, three patients of 17 with
      positive blood cultures for H. influenzae were found to have nontypable strains,
      two of which were resistant to ampicillin. The presumed sites of entry were an
      oral mucosal lesion, sinus mucosa, and female genital tract. All three patients
      responded rapidly to antibiotics to which their isolates were susceptible.

PMID- 3872071
TI  - Syndrome of amelogenesis imperfecta, nephrocalcinosis, impaired renal
      concentration, and possible abnormality of calcium metabolism.
AB  - We describe a brother and sister with amelogenesis imperfecta, nephrocalcinosis
      and impaired renal concentrating ability. This is the second sibship reported,
      further substantiating autosomal recessive inheritance of this condition. There
      is lack of enamel, lifelong nocturnal enuresis, progressive punctate
      nephrocalcinosis, and decreased calcium and phosphate excretion over 24 hours and
      after an acute load. Increased serum osteocalcin and decreased urine delta
      carboxyglutamic acid suggest involvement of vitamin K-dependent calcium binding
      proteins, although this may represent a secondary finding. No other evidence of
      abnormal calcium metabolism was found. Renal function is stable in the early
      teens, but the previously reported patients went on to renal failure.

PMID- 3872072
TI  - Familial spinocerebellar degeneration with corneal dystrophy.
AB  - We report on two sisters born to normal but consanguineous parents, with the
      unusual combination of spinocerebellar degeneration and corneal dystrophy. Their
      manifestations include mental subnormality, bilateral corneal opacification
      starting in the second year of life and leading to severe visual impairment, and
      slowly progressive cerebellar abnormalities with variable dorsal column and upper
      motor neuron involvement. A third sister had only minor spinocerebellar signs but
      no eye findings, and three other sibs were completely normal. Both affected
      sisters underwent penetrating keratoplasty and their vision improved. Histologic
      examination showed findings of corneal dystrophy including corneal edema,
      thickening of Descemet membrane, and degenerative pannus. High-resolution light
      and electron microscopy of muscle and sural nerve performed on both patients was
      abnormal. It is suggested that, in this family, the corneal dystrophy and
      spinocerebellar degeneration are pleiotropic manifestations of an autosomal
      recessive disorder.

PMID- 3872073
TI  - The effect of prostaglandin E2 on the initial immune response to herpes simplex
      virus infection.
AB  - Numerous clinical situations, demonstrated to be associated with reactivation of
      herpes simplex virus infections, have also been shown to produce increases in
      local levels of prostaglandins. The current study was initiated to determine if
      prostaglandins play a role in the immune response and control of herpes simplex
      virus infections. Lymphocytes from volunteers were stimulated with concanavalin
      A, herpes simplex virus 1, or herpes simplex virus 2 in the presence of
      prostaglandin E2 or ibuprofen, and the lymphocytes served as their own controls.
      The data suggest a statistically significant suppression in nonspecific T cell
      mitogen stimulation (concanavalin A), as well as specific herpes simplex virus 1
      and 2 stimulations as measured by tritiated thymidine uptake by lymphocytes when
      stimulated in the presence of prostaglandin E2. Ibuprofen did not alter the
      proliferative response to concanavalin A, herpes simplex virus 1, or herpes
      simplex virus 2 stimulation. This report examines the involvement of
      prostaglandins in herpesvirus infection such as the suppression of T cell
      function, allowing for a clinical recurrence. The usefulness of nonsteroidal
      antiinflammatory agents in the therapy of herpes simplex virus infections is also
      discussed.

PMID- 3872074
TI  - Complete heart block in a fetus associated with maternal Sjogren's syndrome.
AB  - This report illustrates the case of a fetus who was diagnosed by M-mode
      echocardiography, at the twentieth week of gestation, as having a complete heart
      block. The mother had a positive antinuclear antibody test result with antibodies
      directed against the Ro (SSA) and La (SSB) antigen system consistent with the
      diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome. Management and outcome of the pregnancy are
      discussed.

PMID- 3872075
TI  - Vestibular and visual rotational stimulation as treatment for attention deficit
      and hyperactivity.
AB  - Previously published studies report an improvement in hyperactivity following
      exposure to vestibular semicircular canal stimulation under eyes-open, lights-on
      conditions (conditions that provide visual feedback). To separate the
      effectiveness of vestibular stimulation from that of visual stimulation, 30
      primary school children who met the criteria for having attention deficit
      disorder with hyperactivity were enrolled in a split-sample Latin square
      crossover study. The effects of just vestibular stimulation and of just visual
      stimulation were compared with the effect of combined vestibular and visual
      stimulation. Behavior ratings showed significant improvement at the end of the
      last treatment and at follow-up one year later; this is not easily explained by
      statistical regression, history, or the placebo effect. The most improvement was
      with solitary vestibular stimulation, which showed large effect sizes; however,
      differences from the other two conditions failed to reach significance at
      traditional p levels.

PMID- 3872077
TI  - External electrical stimulation in tinnitus control.

PMID- 3872078
TI  - Fibrin glue in tympanoplasty.

PMID- 3872076
TI  - Immunocytochemical characterization of pulmonary histiocytosis X cells in lung
      biopsies.
AB  - Morphologic and immunohistochemical studies were made of open lung biopsies from
      9 patients with pulmonary histiocytosis X (HX) and 12 patients with other
      conditions, and of skin biopsies from patients with cutaneous sarcoidosis,
      Chester-Erdheim disease, and eruptive histiocytoma. The monoclonal antibody OKT6
      was detected with the use of goat anti-mouse IgG labeled with fluorescein (FITC)
      for light microscopy, and sheep antimouse Fab'2 fragment of IgG labeled with
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) for immunoelectron microscopy. The presence of S-100
      protein was revealed by an antibody prepared against bovine S-100 protein, using
      sheep anti-rabbit IgG labeled with FITC for light microscopy and with HRP for
      immunoelectron microscopy. OKT6 antibody and S-100 protein were detected
      simultaneously by double labeling with FITC and rhodamine. In all patients with
      pulmonary HX, the major cellular components (HX cells) of the granulomas showed
      labeling of the plasma membranes by OKT6 and of the cytoplasm by the anti S-100
      protein antibody. The double-labeling technique demonstrated that the same cells
      carried both reactivities. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that the reactive
      cells had all the structural characteristics of Langerhans cells, including
      Langerhans cell granules. Cells reacting with OKT6 showed discrete internal
      labeling in some of the Langerhans granules, especially those in continuity with
      the plasma membranes. However, internal labeling of Langerhans granules was not
      demonstrated in preparations for the localization of S-100 protein. Control
      samples of sarcoid lesions and other pulmonary lesions unrelated to HX did not
      show any reactivity except in Langerhans cells; a skin lesion from a patient with
      eruptive histiocytoma contained OKT6-positive cells which did not have Langerhans
      granules.

PMID- 3872079
TI  - Immunologic testing of certain ear diseases.

PMID- 3872080
TI  - Measurements on the internal structure of freeze-fractured cardiac plasma
      membrane.
AB  - We describe a quantitative analysis of the internal structure of cardiac plasma
      membranes freeze fractured in situ, including the P-face particle density
      (lambda), the P-face particle diameter (d), the percent of fracture face area
      occupied by particles (Ap), and the spatial distribution of particles (random,
      clustered, or ordered). This analysis has been applied to seven sheep hearts to
      compare the plasmalemmal internal structures in ventricular and atrial myocytes
      and Purkinje strands of the same hearts and also to myocytes of frog, chicken,
      rabbit, and rat ventricles (to compare internal plasmalemmal structure of
      different vertebrate classes). Measurements were made on tissues conventionally
      prepared for freeze fracture by glutaraldehyde fixation and cryoprotection. We
      found that, in the same sheep hearts, lambda and Ap for ventricular plasmalemma
      significantly exceeded those for atrial plasmalemma and that the distribution of
      atrial P-face particles was more clustered than that for ventricle. d and Ap for
      frog ventricular plasmalemmal P-face significantly exceeded values for some of
      the other vertebrates.

PMID- 3872081
TI  - Data on psychosis in Ireland unconfirmed.

PMID- 3872082
TI  - The use of transcutaneous neural stimulation and isokinetic testing in
      arthroscopic knee surgery.
AB  - A prospective study of the use of transcutaneous neural stimulation (TNS) in 90
      arthroscopic knee surgery patients was performed to determine: if TNS is as
      effective as traditional pain medication in treating postoperative knee pain; and
      if patients that had received TNS regain preoperative motion and strength quicker
      than the control population. The patients were divided into three equal groups.
      Group I consisted of patients with no TNS unit, Group II had a "placebo" unit,
      and Group III had a "live" unit. Preoperatively, each patient received an
      isokinetic muscle examination, orientation to the TNS unit, leg circumference
      measurements, and exercise instruction. An isokinetic muscle examination and leg
      circumference measurements were repeated at 1, 3, and 7 weeks postoperatively.
      Additionally, the amount of pain and medication required was analyzed. The
      results of the study indicated that the use of a TNS unit is an effective adjunct
      in decreasing postoperative pain in 93% of patients. The amount of pain and total
      pain medication required was greatest in the control group, less in the placebo,
      and markedly reduced in the TNS group. A comparison among the three groups
      revealed that the TNS group regained the following preoperative values 1 month
      sooner than the other two groups (3 as opposed to seven weeks postoperatively):
      isokinetic power in flexion and extension (P less than 0.05), range of motion (P
      less than 0.02), and leg volume (P less than 0.05). There was no correlation
      between the pain and irregular wave forms on the isokinetic graph. The only
      complication noted was skin irritation at the electrode sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3872083
TI  - The effects of electrical stimulation on the quadriceps during postoperative knee
      immobilization.
AB  - Immobilization of the knee after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction
      results in marked thigh atrophy and decrease in quadriceps strength that may
      prolong the rehabilitation program of the injured athlete. Fifteen male
      volunteers undergoing ACL reconstruction were divided into two groups,
      stimulation (during immobilization) and nonstimulation. Measurements of thigh
      circumference and isometric quadriceps strength were tested preoperatively,
      immediately after cessation of cast immobilization (6 weeks), and at 9 and 12
      weeks postoperatively. The changes in circumference and strength between the
      first preoperative test and all subsequent tests were compared for statistical
      significance (Student's t-test, P less than 0.5) between the two groups. The
      decrease in quadriceps strength of the stimulation group during immobilization
      was significantly less than that of the nonstimulation group, although later
      differences between the two groups were not significant. There were no
      significant differences in thigh atrophy between the two groups. In conclusion,
      isometric quadriceps torque decreases resulting from immobilization can be
      significantly lessened by application of electrical stimulation during
      immobilization. Electrical stimulation to the quadriceps does not significantly
      alter thigh circumference changes that occur during immobilization.

PMID- 3872084
TI  - Stress fracture in the humerus in an adolescent tennis tournament player.

PMID- 3872085
TI  - Extracorporeal circulation in a patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 3872086
TI  - Coronary artery spasm and ST-segment depression.

PMID- 3872087
TI  - Allergy to egg yolk possibly induced by sensitization to bird serum antigens.
AB  - Hypersensitivity to ingested hen's egg yolk is described in a 65-year-old female
      patient. The patient's symptoms started in adult life and coincided with the
      acquisition of a parrot as a household pet. The bird's presence caused complaints
      of allergic rhinitis, while the ingestion of eggs caused urticaria and
      angioedema. Analysis of sequential blood serum samples revealed high levels of
      IgE antibodies to egg yolk and to various bird sera, but no precipitins. RAST
      inhibition experiments indicated that the primary sensitization may have been to
      antigens from the parrot.

PMID- 3872088
TI  - Synthesis of alpha 1-protease inhibitor by resident and activated mouse alveolar
      macrophages.
AB  - Alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1Pi), an acute-phase reactant, is the major
      inhibitor of neutral proteases causing lung tissue injury, such as elastase.
      While examining the acute-phase reaction to the nematode parasite Nippostrongylus
      brasiliensis, we noticed that the alveolar macrophage was closely associated with
      alpha 1Pi when the larvae were present in the lung. Histologic examination
      revealed marked edema and hemorrhage with numerous alveolar macrophages that
      stain intensely for intracellular alpha 1Pi. Isolation of these cells by
      bronchoalveolar lavage showed the macrophage to be activated. Cultured alveolar
      macrophages from normal and infected animals synthesized and secreted alpha 1Pi,
      as revealed by [35S]-methionine incorporation, but the amounts were insignificant
      compared with that synthesized by hepatocytes. There was, however, no apparent
      difference in alpha 1Pi synthetic activity between normal and activated
      macrophages. The presence of demonstrable intracellular alpha 1Pi in the parasite
      activated alveolar macrophage likely represents endocytosis as host protease-
      and/or parasite protease-antiprotease complexes. Although alpha 1Pi is
      synthesized primarily by hepatocytes, synthesis by alveolar macrophages may
      provide immediate local protection in the microenvironment of the lung during an
      acute inflammatory response.

PMID- 3872089
TI  - Percutaneous needle lung aspiration for diagnosing pneumonitis in the patient
      with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
AB  - Fourteen patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or suspected
      AIDS underwent percutaneous needle lung aspiration (PNLA) for evaluation of 16
      occurrences of acute pneumonitis. A 22-gauge spinal needle was passed 2 to 3
      times in the area of greatest radiographic involvement under fluoroscopic
      guidance. The specimen was immediately placed on microscope slides for Gomori's
      methenamine silver and Papanicolaou staining. The needle was then flushed with
      sterile water for bacterial, Legionella, viral, mycobacterial, and fungal
      cultures, and for Legionella immunofluorescent staining. Diagnostic information
      was provided by 14 of the 16 procedures. Of 11 patients ultimately found to have
      P. carinii pneumonitis, PNLA specimens were diagnostic in 10 (91%). Infectious
      agents other than P. carinii also were identified by PNLA, including
      cytomegalovirus (4 cases), M. avium-intracellulare (1 case), and pyogenic
      bacteria (3 cases). Complications of PNLA were: pneumothorax in 7 cases (44%), 3
      (19%) of which required chest tube evacuation; and minor hemoptysis (less than 50
      ml) in 2. The PNLA can be a useful diagnostic procedure in the patient with AIDS
      and pneumonitis. It has the advantages of being less costly and time-consuming
      than fiberoptic bronchoscopy. It is, however, frequently complicated by
      pneumothorax, making it an inappropriate approach for patients with significant
      respiratory compromise.

PMID- 3872091
TI  - Phenytoin toxicity and co-trimoxazole.

PMID- 3872090
TI  - Treatment of intractable lupus nephritis with total lymphoid irradiation.
AB  - Ten patients with lupus nephritis and marked proteinuria (3.9 g or more/d) that
      did not respond adequately to treatment with prednisone alone or prednisone in
      combination with azathioprine were treated with total lymphoid irradiation in an
      uncontrolled feasibility study. Within 6 weeks after the start of total lymphoid
      irradiation, the serum albumin level rose in all patients in association with a
      reduction in the serum level of anti-DNA antibodies, an increase in the serum
      complement level, or both. Improvement in these variables persisted in eight
      patients followed for more than 1 year, with the stabilization or reduction of
      the serum creatinine level. Urinary leakage of albumin was substantially reduced
      in all patients. Side effects associated with radiotherapy included transient
      constitutional complaints in ten patients, transient blood element depressions in
      three, localized viral and bacterial infections in four, and ovarian failure in
      one. The results suggest that total lymphoid irradiation may provide an
      alternative to cytotoxic drugs in the treatment of lupus nephritis.

PMID- 3872092
TI  - Acute phthisis bulbi and external ophthalmoplegia in herpes zoster ophthalmicus.
AB  - A patient developed acute phthisis bulbi and external ophthalmoplegia with herpes
      zoster ophthalmicus (HZO). The clinical course and ocular complications of HZO
      are described briefly and the cause of phthisis bulbi and external
      ophthalmoplegia in zoster ophthalmicus is discussed. It is suggested that the
      acute hypotonia in HZO is due to an ischemic necrosis of the ciliary body,
      resulting from an occlusive vasculitis which may also be responsible for the
      external ophthalmolplegia.

PMID- 3872093
TI  - Bleeding after endoscopic sphincterotomy.
AB  - A total of 194 patients who underwent 235 endoscopic sphincterotomies for common
      bile duct (CBD) stones were reviewed with respect to bleeding after the
      procedure. Evidence of bleeding was found in 21, but was occult in 7. Of the 14
      patients with overt bleeding, 6 required operation and 2 died. There was also one
      death prior to surgery. Early consultation with surgical colleagues, observance
      of the usual surgical criteria for upper gastro-intestinal haemorrhage and the
      use of non-absorbable suture material to achieve haemostasis may reduce the
      morbidity and mortality of this complication of endoscopic sphincterotomy.

PMID- 3872094
TI  - Technetium labelled red blood cell scintigraphy in the diagnosis of intestinal
      haemorrhage.
AB  - 99m-Technetium labelled red blood cell scintigraphy was used in the investigation
      of 15 adult patients with suspected small or large bowel bleeding requiring at
      least five units of blood (mean 14.3 units) and one neonate with rectal bleeding.
      Scintigraphy was found to be an accurate method of detecting the site of
      haemorrhage and was superior to angiography. This technique may be of particular
      value in patients with profuse colonic haemorrhage when the view at colonoscopy
      is poor.

PMID- 3872095
TI  - Assessment of vestibulo-ocular reflexes in congenital nystagmus.
AB  - The vestibulo-ocular reflex and its suppression by fixation of a target rotating
      with the subject were tested in 18 subjects with congenital nystagmus using steps
      of constant velocity rotation and sinusoidal stimuli swept in frequency between
      0.01 and 1.0 Hz. Responses to stopping stimuli were abnormal in waveform and of
      short duration in most subjects tested. This pattern was attributed to masking of
      the response by spontaneous eye movements and to adaptation. In contrast, during
      both oscillation in the dark and attempted suppression of the vestibulo-ocular
      reflex, all subjects had nystagmus that was modulated with the stimulus during
      all frequencies of stimulation. The phase relationship of the nystagmus to the
      motion stimulus was the same as in normal subjects. Estimates of the gain of the
      vestibulo-ocular reflex response were not meaningful because of contamination of
      the vestibular response by the congenital nystagmus waveforms. Modulation of
      amplitude and reversal of nystagmus in phase with the vestibular stimulus at all
      frequencies of oscillation were shown most clearly during attempted suppression
      of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. This finding is clinically useful because it
      establishes suppression as a test of the presence of vestibular function in
      congenital nystagmus.

PMID- 3872096
TI  - Computed tomographic analysis of brain morphometrics in 30 healthy men, aged 21
      to 81 years.
AB  - Computed transverse axial tomography (CT) was employed to examine brain
      morphometrics in 30 healthy men, aged 21 to 81 years. Seven consecutive CT slices
      30 to 80 mm above the inferior orbitomeatal line were analyzed. CT numbers in
      gray and white matter regions were not correlated significantly with age (p
      greater than 0.05), nor were right/left ratios for derived parameters. The volume
      of gray matter was correlated negatively with age (p less than 0.05), and the
      volume of cerebrospinal fluid correlated positively with age, in the seven
      slices. The volumes of the lateral and third ventricles were elevated in the
      elderly, and volumes of the thalamus and lenticular nucleus were reduced. The
      results demonstrate that brain atrophy, evidenced by a loss of gray matter and by
      dilatation of cerebrospinal fluid spaces, occurs in the healthy elderly, and
      provide baseline CT-derived brain morphometric data for healthy men in relation
      to age.

PMID- 3872097
TI  - Intracranial pressure, conductance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow, and cerebral
      blood flow in patients with benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor
      cerebri).
AB  - Intracranial pressure, conductance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow, and cerebral
      blood flow were investigated in 14 patients with benign intracranial hypertension
      (pseudotumor cerebri). Intracranial pressure was increased in 9 patients (20 to
      30 mm Hg), borderline in 4 patients (15 to 18 mm Hg), and normal in 1 patient (8
      mm Hg). Six patients had plateau waves, and all had B waves in more than 50% of
      the monitored time. Conductance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow, measured by a
      lumbo-lumbar perfusion method, was significantly reduced: 0.042 ml X mm Hg-1 X
      min-1 (+/- 0.004 [SEM]; normal, more than 0.080 ml X mm Hg-1 X min-1). Cerebral
      blood flow was measured by xenon 133 inhalation and single photon emission
      computer tomography. Mean hemispheric flow was normal in all cases, averaging 59
      +/- 9 ml X 100 gm-1 X min-1. Only 2 patients showed focal low-flow areas. Thus, a
      disturbance of cerebrospinal fluid circulation seems to be of pathogenetic
      significance in benign intracranial hypertension.

PMID- 3872098
TI  - Effect of glycerol on glucokinase activity: loss of cooperative behavior with
      respect to glucose.
AB  - Glucose phosphorylation catalyzed by rat liver glucokinase measured at saturating
      concentrations of MgATP2- shows a cooperative response with respect to glucose in
      the concentration range 0.25-5 mM with a Hill coefficient of 1.6. In this range
      of glucose concentrations, the degree of cooperativity was dependent on the
      presence of glycerol in the assay mixture, and it decreased progressively and
      disappeared completely as the glycerol concentration reached about 20% (v/v)
      glycerol. If attention was confined to concentrations above 5 mM, no
      cooperativity could be detected either in the absence or in the presence of
      glycerol. The limiting velocity of the glucokinase reaction (measured at
      saturating concentrations of glucose and MgATP2-), and the half-saturation
      concentration for glucose and MgATP2- were all decreased by about 50-60% as the
      glycerol concentration was raised from zero to 30% (v/v). The presence of
      glycerol had no effect on the qualitative inhibition patterns of MgADP2-, glucose
      6-phosphate, or N-acetylglucosamine, and only slight effects on the quantitative
      half-saturation values and inhibition constants. All of these effects caused by
      glycerol were fully reversible by decreasing the concentration of glycerol by
      dilution. Simulation studies based on the "mnemonical" model of glucokinase
      action proposed earlier [A. C. Storer and A. Cornish-Bowden (1977) Biochem. J.
      165, 61-69] show that the effects of glycerol on glucokinase-catalyzed glucose
      phosphorylation can simply be explained assuming the glycerol favors the
      existence of the conformation of the enzyme with a higher affinity for glucose
      and thus supports the model.

PMID- 3872099
TI  - Chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases in black Zimbabweans.
AB  - The pattern of chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases seen in 52 black
      Zimbabweans was determined. These diseases constituted 2% of all treatable
      chronic endemic medical diseases registered around Gweru City. Rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA) and gout were the commonest, 38.8% and 28.8% of the total
      respectively. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), polymyositis, progressive
      systemic sclerosis, mixed connective tissue disease, ankylosing spondylitis, and
      Reiter's diseases were seen less frequently. While the rarity of ankylosing
      spondylitis was not surprising, that of SLE was striking. RA seen in Zimbabwe was
      as severe as in East Africa, with a mean age of onset of 43.6 (SD 9.6) years,
      mean ESR 67 (SD 33) mm/h, seropositivity 78%, subcutaneous nodules 10%, and
      overall deformities in 35% of all cases. Gout was as seen elsewhere, with a mean
      age of onset 41.5 (SD 7.95) years, M:F ratio 6.5:1, mean male serum uric acid
      10.8 (SD 2.69) mg/dl (0.64 +/- 0.16 mmol/l). Alcohol as a precipitating and
      aggravating factor was supported by a high mean drunkenness score of 10.3 (SD
      3.89) out of a maximum of 17. Unawareness and underdiagnosis of these diseases
      are still likely problems in this part of the world.

PMID- 3872100
TI  - Circulating immune complexes and rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison of different
      assay methods and their early predictive value for disease activity and outcome.
AB  - The performance of four different assays for circulating immune complexes-the C1q
      solid phase method, one using protein A and one using anti-IgG, C1q PEG, and the
      2% PEG method-were compared in 61 patients with early rheumatoid arthritis
      followed up for two years. There were weak but statistically significant
      correlations between the results from some of the pairs of assays, but the
      changes over time from any single assay did not correlate with those from any of
      the other assays. None of the assays predicted either future disease activity, as
      measured by subsequent ESR, CRP, and articular index; or functional outcome, as
      measured by wrist extension, Steinbocker functional capacity, and the Stanford
      health assessment questionnaire. It is unlikely therefore that the measurement of
      immune complexes is of value in predicting early outcome in patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3872101
TI  - Immunoregulatory effects of alpha-interferon. Effects on in-vitro antibody
      synthesis by lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The immunosuppressive effects of alpha-interferon (IFN) on the in-vitro synthesis
      of specific anti-influenza virus antibody by lymphocytes from 20 healthy donors
      were compared with those from 12 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. No
      differences were observed between the two groups. IFN suppressed the induction of
      in-vitro antibody synthesis by lymphocytes from rheumatoid donors but did not
      affect antibody synthesis once this had been initiated. Furthermore, the IFN
      mediated suppression of antibody synthesised by rheumatoid lymphocytes could also
      be reversed by B cell helper supernatant. These findings make it unlikely that
      alpha-IFN affects established B cell responses characteristic of the rheumatic
      diseases.

PMID- 3872102
TI  - Palindromic rheumatism in two non-identical brothers with identical HLA including
      DR4.
AB  - Two brothers, aged 52 and 44, who suffered from palindromic rheumatism (PR) for
      12 and 15 years were studied. The disease remained palindromic in the older
      brother, while chronic deformities developed early in the course of the disease
      in the younger. Their identical HLA locus was A9,Aw19(29); B12,Bw22; Cw1; DR1,
      DR4.

PMID- 3872104
TI  - Intraoperative coronary artery spasm.

PMID- 3872105
TI  - Routine administration of platelet concentrates.

PMID- 3872103
TI  - A longitudinal evaluation of thyroid function in critically ill surgical
      patients.
AB  - Thyroid hormone alterations (known as the "sick-euthyroid syndrome") are common
      following major surgery, but the time course for appearance and recovery from
      these alterations has not previously been longitudinally studied in a large group
      of surgical patients. The authors prospectively studied 59 patients undergoing
      major surgery (coronary artery bypass grafting, pneumonectomy, or subtotal
      colectomy). Compared with preoperative values, the mean serum T4, T3, free T3,
      and TSH concentrations decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) following
      surgery. Serum reverse T3 and T3 resin uptake index increased, while free T4
      levels remained unchanged. These changes were seen within 6 hours of surgery and
      normalized by 1 week after surgery. Although the serum TSH response to TRH was
      normal before and after surgery in 56 of the 59 patients, the maximal TRH-induced
      increase in serum TSH and the integrated serum TSH response to TRH were
      suppressed in the early perioperative period. This postoperative TSH suppression
      correlated with elevated postoperative plasma dopamine concentrations (r = 0.57,
      p less than 0.05). Three patients with compensated primary hypothyroidism were
      detected in the study and represent the first documentation of serial thyroid
      hormone and TSH levels in hypothyroid patients undergoing major surgery. These
      patients had similar changes in thyroid hormone values compared with euthyroid
      patients. The serum TSH response to TRH was suppressed into the normal range in
      two of these patients on the day following surgery. The authors conclude that the
      sick-euthyroid syndrome occurs within a few hours of major surgery and remits
      with convalescence. Postoperative decreases in serum TSH may mask the diagnosis
      of hypothyroidism. Surgical consultants should be aware of these rapid
      postoperative changes so that thyroid function tests are properly interpreted in
      patients who have undergone major surgery.

PMID- 3872106
TI  - Apparent prevalence of curable hypertension in the Hypertension Detection and
      Follow-up Program.
AB  - Data describing the 5,485 participants in the stepped-care group of the
      Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program were reviewed to determine the
      apparent prevalence of renal parenchymal and reversible, secondary hypertension.
      The investigation was limited and was not designed to identify all cases of
      secondary hypertension. Baseline prevalence of proteinuria was 3.6%, pyuria 7.1%,
      hematuria 5.1%, and elevated serum creatinine level (greater than or equal to 1.7
      mg/dL) 2.7%. The combined occurrence of an elevated serum creatinine level plus
      one or more urinary abnormalities was noted in 0.95%. Initial review of case
      reports revealed six participants with hypertension secondary to use of birth
      control pills and three participants with hypertension that was proved to be
      secondary to renovascular disease. Specific laboratory or historical criteria
      were used as indications for more intensive investigation in an additional 65
      participants. Among these individuals, one participant with renovascular disease
      and three with possible primary hyperaldosteronism were identified. A rapid
      sequence intravenous urogram or radionuclide scan was performed on another
      subgroup of 62 participants whose hypertension was "poorly" controlled (diastolic
      BP, greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg). Fifty-nine studies were negative, one was
      positive, and two were equivocal. These results suggest that the frequency of
      clinically relevant cases of reversible, secondary hypertension, at least among
      individuals with mild to moderate elevation of blood pressure, is low.

PMID- 3872107
TI  - Angiodysplasia as a cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
AB  - Angiodysplasia of the stomach, the proximal part of the small intestine, or both
      was diagnosed in 30 patients by upper gastrointestinal (Gl) endoscopy over a 40
      month period. This diagnosis represented 4% of 676 patients referred over the
      same time period for endoscopic examination of suspected upper Gl bleeding.
      Twenty-three patients (77%) had experienced at least one episode of overt
      bleeding (hematemesis or melena) prior to diagnosis. Multiple gastroduodenal
      angiodysplastic lesions were found in 19 (63%) of the patients, and additional
      colonic angiodysplasia was detected in six of 12 patients who also underwent
      colonoscopy. Renal insufficiency was significantly more prevalent in the patients
      with angiodysplasia than in a comparison group of similar age with upper Gl
      bleeding from other lesions (60% v 24%). We conclude that angiodysplasia,
      although uncommon, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of both
      occult and overt upper Gl bleeding. The lesion appears to be associated with
      renal insufficiency.

PMID- 3872108
TI  - B-cell lymphoma in two monogamous homosexual men.
AB  - Opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms have been described in
      homosexual men in association with immunologic abnormalities. We observed the
      development of malignant B-cell lymphomas in two homosexual men who had had a
      monogamous relationship for two years. Patient 1 had an aggressive, monoclonal,
      small, noncleaved, non-Burkitt's lymphoma ("undifferentiated lymphoma"),
      associated with severe immunocompromise. Patient 2 manifested a monoclonal,
      small, cleaved, follicular center cell lymphoma, with a follicular pattern, two
      months later. No common acute infection was detected. Staining for Epstein-Barr
      nuclear antigen in malignant tissue was negative in the second patient. However,
      the possibility of a transmissible agent as a causative factor cannot be
      excluded, and further study of similar patients is warranted.

PMID- 3872109
TI  - Disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma without lymphocyte abnormalities.
AB  - In a 24-year-old bisexual man with stage IV Kaposi's sarcoma, the typical
      immunologic alterations reported in other patients with disseminated Kaposi's
      sarcoma were not seen. Lymphopenia, a low helper-suppressor T-cell ratio,
      impaired lymphocyte responses to T- and B-cell antigens and mitogens, and
      abnormalities in cell-mediated immunity could not be demonstrated.

PMID- 3872110
TI  - Hemophilus influenzae in urine.

PMID- 3872111
TI  - Depression and immunity. Lymphocyte function in ambulatory depressed patients,
      hospitalized schizophrenic patients, and patients hospitalized for herniorrhaphy.
AB  - Mitogen-induced lymphocyte stimulation responses in ambulatory patients with
      major depressive disorder did not differ from those of matched controls.
      Lymphocyte responses in hospitalized schizophrenic patients and in patients
      hospitalized for elective herniorrhaphy similarly did not differ from responses
      of controls. The number of peripheral-blood T cells was decreased among the
      ambulatory depressed patients but not in the schizophrenic patients. These
      findings, together with previously reported decreased lymphocyte function in
      hospitalized depressed patients, suggest that decreased lymphocyte function is
      associated specifically with depression and not related to hospital effects or
      nonspecifically to other psychiatric disorders. The results also suggest that
      altered immunity in depression may be related to severity of depressive symptoms.

PMID- 3872112
TI  - Oral sex in an adolescent population.
AB  - The incidence of oral sex in an adolescent population is discussed. More girls
      have either given or received oral-genital stimulation than have had intercourse.
      More boys have had intercourse than have either given or received oral-genital
      stimulation. Oral sex is more common than intercourse for females because they
      are more likely to have received oral-genital stimulation than to have either had
      intercourse or given oral-genital stimulation. For both sexes, fellatio is less
      common than is either intercourse or cunnilingus. For both sexes, oral sex is
      considerably more frequently reported than was the case in the Kinsey surveys.

PMID- 3872113
TI  - Adenosine triphosphate--magnesium chloride ameliorates reperfusion injury
      following ischemia as determined by phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - We used high-resolution phosphate 31(31P)--nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy to study the effects of ischemia and reperfusion on intracellular
      adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and pH changes in isolated perfused rat kidneys.
      With renal ischemia, ATP levels fell rapidly and the inorganic phosphate (Pi)
      peak shifted, indicating acidosis. On reperfusion after 45 minutes of warm
      ischemia, there was a 56% rise in tissue ATP levels within ten minutes that then
      slowly declined; by 75 minutes the levels were only 33% of normal. Perfusate flow
      decreased from 21.2 +/- 0.9 mL/min (mean +/- SE) to 16.5 +/- 1.1 mL/min and the
      Pi peak did not shift during reperfusion. When 0.3mM ATP complexed to magnesium
      chloride (ATP-MgCl2) was added to the perfusate after ischemia, renal ATP levels
      increased to 69% of normal within ten minutes of reperfusion and by 75 minutes
      they were normal. Perfusate flow was also normal during reperfusion. The Pi peak
      shifted back to the normal frequency, indicating correction of the intracellular
      acidosis. Thus, intracellular acidosis, ATP depletion, and decreased flow during
      reperfusion injury were rapidly reversed and sustained by the postischemic
      administration of ATP-MgCl2.

PMID- 3872114
TI  - The neurology of depression. Cognitive and behavioral deficits with focal
      findings in depression and resolution after electroconvulsive therapy.
AB  - Deficits in cognition and behavior have frequently been described in severely
      depressed patients. Recent reports have drawn attention to focal left-sided
      neurologic findings occurring in depression. We describe a depressed patient with
      marked cognitive and behavioral impairment and focal left-sided signs. The
      depression, mental status deficits, and physical findings all resolved after
      electroconvulsive therapy.

PMID- 3872115
TI  - Lymphocyte subpopulations and S-antigen reactivity in retinitis pigmentosa.
AB  - The lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of 37 patients with
      retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and 24 controls were analyzed with the Leu series of
      monoclonal antibodies in conjunction with fluorescence-activated cell-sorter
      analysis. The peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from all RP genetic types had a
      significantly reduced frequency of Leu-4-positive T lymphocytes than controls,
      and a small but significant reduction in the frequency of Leu-3a-positive T
      lymphocytes was seen in patients with RP with the dominant trait. The reduced T
      cell population seemed to be associated with an increased frequency of Leu-11a
      positive cells. The PBLs from patients with RP did not react to retinal S
      antigen, as assessed by the lymphocyte transformation or interleukin-2 assays. We
      conclude that patients with RP, although not clinically immunologically
      compromised, have a significantly reduced frequency of T lymphocytes in their
      PBLs. Furthermore, our study did not demonstrate reactivity to retinal tissue in
      PBLs from patients with RP.

PMID- 3872116
TI  - Antifungal synergism. A proposed dosage for corneal storage medium.
AB  - Fungal infections from eye bank-preserved corneas have led us to search for
      antifungal agents that will eliminate yeast and mold in McCarey-Kaufman (MK)
      medium and concurrently be nontoxic. Amphotericin B, natamycin, nystatin, and
      clotrimazole were tested in synergistic combinations in vitro against nine yeast
      and six mold specimens. For average yeast and mold concentrations of 3.4 X 10(4)
      and 1.36 X 10(4) colony-forming units (CFUs)/mL at 5 degrees C, and 3.36 X 10(4)
      and 2.3 X 10(3) CFUs/mL at 37 degrees C, respectively, a synergistic combination
      of all four drugs at one twelfth the minimal fungicidal concentrations proved
      fungicidal. This synergistic combination did not alter donor human corneal
      morphology under specular microscopy, nor did it inhibit rabbit corneal
      endothelial cell division preserved and propagated in antifungal supplemented MK
      medium. The synergistic drug mixture did prove to be fungicidal when the
      endothelial cells were challenged with fungal inoculum.

PMID- 3872117
TI  - Effects of asymmetric vertebral blood flow upon the vestibulo-ocular reflex of
      the rabbit.
AB  - Per-rotational nystagmus was recorded in rabbits with unilaterally narrowed
      vertebral arteries or following unilateral cervical sympathectomies. Asymmetry of
      per-rotational nystagmus could not be observed when the animal's systemic
      arterial blood pressure was within the normal range (about 90-120 mm Hg).
      However, directional preponderance of nystagmus occurred when blood pressure
      either increased or decreased beyond this level. The reason for the occurrence of
      directional preponderance can be interpreted as a failure of autoregulation of
      cerebral and/or inner ear blood flow.

PMID- 3872118
TI  - Differential effects of human interleukin-1 on growth of human fibroblasts and
      vascular smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Monocyte products probably play a role in the initiation of smooth muscle cell
      proliferation in the arterial wall early in atherogenesis. Several groups have
      described mitogenic activity for arterial smooth muscle cells that is elaborated
      by mononuclear phagocytes (macrophage-derived growth factor). However, the
      biochemical nature of this mitogenic activity is unknown. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is
      a well-characterized monocyte product that activates the growth of mitogen
      stimulated lymphocytes and promotes the growth of fibroblasts. We tested whether
      IL-1 also affects the growth of arterial smooth muscle cells and might account
      for some of the mitogenic activity produced by activated monocytes. Highly
      purified human IL-1 did stimulate the growth of human fibroblasts of either adult
      or fetal origin. However, under identical conditions, IL-1 lacked significant
      mitogenic effects on human, bovine, rabbit, or canine arterial smooth muscle
      cells. This mediator also failed to stimulate the growth of cultured human or
      bovine vascular endothelial cells, another cell type that may respond to
      macrophage-derived growth factor. Interleukin-1 did not render smooth muscle
      cells competent to divide in the presence of plasma factors such as insulin (10(
      6) M), or when growth of muscle cells was limited by incubation in a low (2%)
      concentration of serum. This monokine also failed to increase the mitogenic
      effect of purified platelet-derived growth factor on arterial smooth muscle cells
      incubated in serum-free medium. Thus, cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells
      differ from fibroblasts and lymphocytes in their response to human IL-1.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3872119
TI  - A retrospective study of juvenile chronic arthritis.
AB  - During a 20 year period 214 patients had been admitted to a teaching hospital
      with a diagnosis of definite or possible juvenile chronic (rheumatoid) arthritis
      (JCA). Eighty-seven of these patients were reviewed clinically and were
      classified as having had JCA. Twelve of the 214 patients were later thought to
      have had rheumatic fever, while 12 had had an illness consistent with viral
      arthritis. There was a poor functional outcome in three subgroups of JCA: (i)
      seropositive polyarticular onset (ii) systemic onset, and (iii) pauciarticular
      onset, extending to polyarticular involvement. The prevalence of inflammatory eye
      disease was very low with no significant visual handicap detected in patients in
      this study.

PMID- 3872120
TI  - Topology of UDP-galactose cleavage in relation to N-acetyl-lactosamine formation
      in Golgi vesicles. Translocation of activated galactose.
AB  - UDP-galactose appears to be produced on one side of a membrane barrier, opposite
      the galactosyltransferases that use it as a sugar donor. The translocation of
      activated galactose across membranes was studied in rat submaxillary-gland
      microsomal vesicles and in rat liver Golgi vesicles. When these intact vesicles
      containing the acceptor, N-acetylglucosamine, were incubated in the presence of
      UDP-galactose and two inhibitors of galactosyltransferase activity, the product,
      N-acetyl-lactosamine, formed within the vesicles. Thus at least the galactose
      moiety of UDP-galactose crossed the membranes. When intact Golgi vesicles were
      incubated with UDP-galactose labelled in both the uridine and the galactose
      moieties, labelled N-acetyllactosamine was again produced in the vesicles, but
      less than stoichiometric amounts of the uridine label was found there.
      Calculation of internal and external concentrations of UMP, a major product
      released from the cleaved uridine moiety, showed that the vesicles were actually
      enriched in UMP. When free UMP was incubated with the vesicles, this enrichment
      did not occur. This result was direct evidence for facilitated transport of UDP
      galactose into the Golgi for use by galactosyltransferase.

PMID- 3872121
TI  - Fibronectin binding to complement subcomponent C1q. Localization of their
      respective binding sites.
AB  - The interaction of purified human plasma fibronectin with the C1q subcomponent of
      complement was investigated by using a solid-phase radiobinding assay. 125I
      fibronectin binding to native C1q, purified collagen domain (C1q-c) or globular
      domain (C1q-g) was compared. When the purified domains were insolubilized by
      binding to plastic, the C1q-c exhibited 59% of the binding demonstrated with
      intact C1q, whereas the C1q-g exhibited 35% of the binding. N-Terminal sequencing
      of the globular domain showed that a sequence of seven collagen-like amino acids
      was retained on each chain of the C1q-g fragment. 125I-fibronectin binding to C1q
      could be inhibited equally well by fluid-phase C1q and C1q-c, but not by fluid
      phase C1q-g, implying that the collagen-like region retained on the C1q-g is
      masked in the fluid phase. In addition, studies were performed to determine which
      subunit(s) of C1q bind(s) fibronectin. The percentages of fibronectin bound by
      the A, B, and C chain of C1q were found to be 38, 21 and 41% respectively.
      Inhibition studies with purified 200-180 kDa, 50 kDa or 29 kDa fragments of
      fibronectin show that the binding site on fibronectin for C1q is the 50 kDa
      gelatin-binding domain.

PMID- 3872123
TI  - Synergistic effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 on duodenal CaBP in rachitic
      chicks and on eggshell weight in Japanese quails.
AB  - The role of 24,25(OH)2D3 in calcium homeostasis is still controversial. In the
      present study the administration of low doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 and of higher doses
      of 24,25(OH)2D3 either alone or in conjunction with each other, were studied in
      rachitic chicks and in Japanese quails. Whereas 24,25(OH)2D3 alone had no
      significant effect on duodenal CaBP and on alkaline phosphatase in chick serum,
      it increased the influence of 1,25(OH)2D3 on these two parameters strongly. Also,
      when 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 were given simultaneously to Japanese quails,
      calcium excretion via the egg shell was clearly higher than when either
      metabolite had been administered alone. These results indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3
      and 24,25(OH)2D3 exert a strong synergistic effect in rachitic animals.

PMID- 3872122
TI  - Activation of C1 by monoclonal antibodies directed against C1q.
AB  - Eleven monoclonal antibodies directed against the subcomponent C1q of the first
      component of human complement, C1, were prepared and tested for binding to intact
      C1q and to the collagenous portion, the C1q stalks. All of the monoclonals bound
      well to the intact C1q. Eight out of the eleven exhibited strong binding to the
      collagenous stalks, while three bound very weakly, if at all, to the stalks and,
      thus, were presumed to bind to the pepsin-sensitive region which includes the C1q
      heads. For one of the latter monoclonals, this was confirmed by electron
      microscopy. Five of the monoclonals were purified by C1q affinity chromatography.
      When tested with C1 reassembled from its subunits, two of these purified
      monoclonal antibodies markedly enhanced the rate of spontaneous activation.

PMID- 3872124
TI  - An active center tryptophan residue in liquefying alpha-amylase from Bacillus
      amyloliquefaciens.
AB  - Liquefying alpha-amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was inactivated on
      treatment with N-bromosuccinamide. Preincubation of the enzyme with either of the
      substrate, or competitive inhibitor provided significant protection against
      inactivation. The relationship between activity loss and the number of tryptophan
      residues modified, as well as presence of substrate/inhibitor in the reaction
      mixture, demonstrated that only one of three modifiable tryptophan residues is at
      or near the active center. The apparent Km of the modified enzyme for soluble
      starch increased manifold, thus implicating the sensitive tryptophan residue in
      the substrate binding region of the enzyme.

PMID- 3872125
TI  - Purification and partial sequence analysis of human interleukin-2 derived from
      peripheral blood leukocytes.
AB  - Human peripheral blood leukocyte-derived interleukin-2 (IL-2) was resolved by
      DEAE-cellulose column chromatography into three peaks of activity, IL-2A, B, and
      C, with isoelectric points of 7.2, 6.6, and 7.9, respectively. IL-2 A, B, and C
      were further purified by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and
      resolved into two apparently homogeneous peaks each with identical molecular
      weight: A-1 and A-2 (Mr17000); B-1 and B-2 (Mr17500); and C-1 and C-2 (Mr14400).
      The amino acid compositions and partial NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of
      these molecular species were consistent with those predicted from IL-2 cDNA
      sequences derived from Jurkat and peripheral blood leukocytes.

PMID- 3872126
TI  - Reversible inhibition and mechanism-based irreversible inactivation of monoamine
      oxidases by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP).
AB  - It has been suggested (Chiba et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Communs. (1984) 120,
      574) that the neurotoxic effects of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridine), which causes Parkinsonian symptoms in humans and other
      primates, are due to compounds resulting from the oxidation of MPTP by monoamine
      oxidase B in the brain. We reported recently that both monoamine oxidase A and B
      oxidize MPTP to MPDP+, the 2,3-dihydropyridinium form and that the reaction is
      accompanied by time-dependent, irreversible inactivation of the enzymes. Of the
      two forms of monoamine oxidase, the B enzyme oxidizes MPTP more rapidly and is
      also more sensitive to inactivation. We now wish to report that MPTP, as well as
      its oxidation products, MPDP+ and MPP+, the 4-phenylpyridinium form, are also
      potent reversible, competitive inhibitors of both monoamine oxidase A and B,
      particularly the former, and that the order of inhibition for the A enzyme is
      MPDP+ greater than MPP+ greater than MPTP, while for the B enzyme MPTP greater
      than MPDP+ greater than MPP+. We further report on the spectral changes and
      isotope incorporation accompanying the irreversible inactivation.

PMID- 3872127
TI  - Compound effects of bisulphite ion on frog skeletal muscle.
AB  - To characterize the structures of the nicotinic cholinoceptors in the frog rectus
      abdominis muscle, group-selective reagents have been used. Possible modifications
      of the excitation-contraction coupling have also been studied. The effect of the
      bisulphite ion on skeletal muscle has been demonstrated earlier at presynaptic
      and postsynaptic levels. Another report questioned whether these effects were
      significant to the contractile process in general. The present study shows that
      bisulphite induced qualitative and quantitative changes in the muscular response
      to acetylcholine and electrical stimulation. The intervention is likely at the
      level of excitation-contraction coupling as well as at the previously proposed
      sites.

PMID- 3872128
TI  - Mode of action of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and other phenols in preventing
      loss of 11 beta-hydroxylase activity in cultured bovine adrenocortical cells.
AB  - When cultured bovine adrenocortical cells are incubated with cortisol, or other
      steroids that are pseudosubstrates for 11 beta-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-45011
      beta), the activity of the enzyme decreases. In previous experiments, three
      substances were shown to protect 11 beta-hydroxylase against loss of enzymatic
      activity in the presence of pseudosubstrates:BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole,2(3)
      tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and metyrapone. The
      present experiments examine the protective effects of several phenolic analogs of
      BHA in this system, and compare their activities to that of DMSO and metyrapone.
      When a variety of analogs of BHA were tested for their abilities to prevent loss
      of 11 beta-hydroxylase activity in cultured adrenocortical cells incubated with
      50 microM cortisol for 24 hr, phenol itself was found to be about equipotent with
      BHA. Addition of methyl, methoxy and benzyl groups to phenol did not diminish
      protective activity of the compound, but addition of one and particularly two
      tert-butyl groups greatly diminished activity. Thus, BHT(2,6-di-t-butyl-4
      methylphenol) was inactive, in contrast to BHA. The hydroxy group of phenol was
      essential since benzene and fluorobenzene were inactive. Compounds with multiple
      hydroxyl groups were not as active as phenol itself, with the exception of
      catechol. No products of phenol formed during incubations of cells with cortisol
      were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. Estimated EC50 values
      for protection of 11 beta-hydroxylase by phenols were about 100 microM, whereas
      the EC50 values for dimethyl sulfoxide and metyrapone were 10 mM and 300 nM
      respectively. On a semilogarithmic plot, the dose-response curves for all these
      compounds were approximately parallel. To aid in determining the mechanism of
      protection of 11 beta-hydroxylase, phenols and DMSO were tested for prevention of
      loss of 11 beta-hydroxylase activity at three different oxygen concentrations (2,
      5, and 19% O2). Lowering the oxygen concentration itself resulted in a small
      diminution of the loss of 11 beta-hydroxylase. Phenols and dimethyl sulfoxide
      were more effective at low oxygen and less effective in air. Because the
      cytochrome P-450 inhibitor metyrapone was found previously to be very effective
      in protecting 11 beta-hydroxylase against loss of activity, we examined whether
      phenols and dimethyl sulfoxide may act by directly inhibiting 11 beta-hydroxylase
      activity. In a 1-hr incubation with cells, BHA, phenol, and dimethyl sulfoxide
      all inhibited 11 beta-hydroxylase, but at concentrations that ranged from 4- to
      greater than 100-fold higher than those required for protection.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3872129
TI  - Patterns of antihistone antibody specificity in systemic rheumatic disease. I
      Systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease, primary sicca
      syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis with vasculitis.
AB  - A new fluorimetric assay was used to measure the relative amounts of antibodies
      to individual nuclear histones in sera from 102 patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE), mixed connective tissue disease, primary sicca syndrome, and
      rheumatoid arthritis with vasculitis. In SLE sera, the predominant responses were
      to histones H-1, H-2B, and H-3, with marked elevations of binding to H-1 and H-2B
      in one-third of the patients, and to H-3 in one-fourth; antibodies of both the
      IgG and IgM classes were also detected. In a few SLE sera, the pattern of histone
      response differed or was restricted to 1 immunoglobulin class. In mixed
      connective tissue disease, only 2 of 9 sera showed elevated histone binding
      activity, the response being predominantly to H-3 in 1 patient and to H-1 and H
      2B in the other. Binding to H-2B was also prominent in 2 of 3 patients with
      primary sicca syndrome. The highest antihistone reactivity and the most
      heterogeneous response patterns were observed in patients who had rheumatoid
      arthritis with vasculitis; 6 of 8 of those sera had elevated histone reactivity.
      In SLE, the highest histone binding results were found among patients with a
      history of photosensitivity. Histones are closely associated with DNA in the
      nucleosome, and we speculate that antihistone antibodies could arise as a result
      of damage to DNA, induced by drugs or irradiation.

PMID- 3872130
TI  - [Cerebral blood flow, cerebral oxygen metabolism, cerebral glucose metabolism,
      and tissue pH in human acute cerebral infarction using positron emission
      tomography].
AB  - It is necessary for treatment and deciding prognosis to make clear about changes
      of cerebral blood flow and metabolism in acute cerebral infarction. This
      preliminary PET study was designed to investigate physiological and biochemical
      changes in acute cerebral infarction by positron emission tomography (PET). PET
      studies were performed in six patients with acute cerebral infarction within 48
      hours after onset of stroke using continuous inhalation of C15O2 for cerebral
      blood flow (CBF), 15O2 for cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2), 11CO for
      cerebral blood volume, the intravenous injection of 11C-dimethyloxazolidinedione
      for tissue pH and the intravenous injection of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose for
      cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRGlu). Metabolic coupling index (MCI)
      image was made from CBF image and CMRGlu image to investigate relation between
      CBF and CMRGlu. Also oxygen glucose index (OGI) image was made from CMRO2 image
      and CMRGlu image to investigate relation between CMRO2 and CMRGlu. Preliminary
      results demonstrate that reduction of CBF, CMRO2, and CMRGlu in the affected
      cortex except for reperfusion case. Increase of OER was recognized four of six
      cases. Patterns of MCI and OGI in the cortex which CMRO2 value is less than 65
      mumol/100 g/min were different from those in the cortex which CMRO2 value is more
      than 65. MCI of the affected cortex (CMRO2 less than 65) decreased relative to
      that of the cortex (CMRO2 greater than or equal to 65). OGI of the affected
      cortex (CMRO2 less than 65) significantly decreased in comparison with that of
      the cortex (CMRO2 greater than or equal to 65).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3872131
TI  - Self-reported cannabis use in Great Britain in 1981.

PMID- 3872132
TI  - Serum chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), schwangerschaftsprotein 1 (SP1),
      progesterone and oestradiol levels in patients with nausea and vomiting in early
      pregnancy.
AB  - Serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG),
      schwangerschaftsprotein 1(SP1), progesterone and oestradiol were measured in 116
      pregnant women experiencing varying degrees of nausea and vomiting or no nausea
      at all at between 9 and 16 weeks gestation. The patients were categorized into
      four groups, namely asymptomatic, nausea alone, nausea and vomiting and
      hyperemesis gravidarum. The distribution of levels for each group were examined
      in relation to the calculated normal ranges. Statistically higher hCG levels were
      found in out-patients with nausea alone or nausea and vomiting than in the
      asymptomatic women. No significant differences were found between the groups for
      any of the other measured variables, including the progesterone/oestradiol
      concentration ratio.

PMID- 3872133
TI  - Seasonal variation of acute anterior uveitis: differences between HLA-B27
      positive and HLA-B27 negative disease.
AB  - One hundred and seventy-five consecutive patients with acute anterior uveitis
      (AAU) were examined over a 24-month period. There was a significantly increased
      incidence of AAU during the months August to December (p less than 0.05). This
      increase was confined predominantly to the HLA-B27 negative group of patients (p
      less than 0.01). There was no significant monthly difference in incidence between
      males and females, between patients with first or recurrent attacks, or between
      patients with and without arthritis. These results suggest that seasonal
      environmental factors may play a role in the production of HLA-B27 negative AAU.

PMID- 3872134
TI  - Pupillary constriction to darkness.
AB  - Patients with congenital achromatopsia and congenital stationary night blindness
      have been known to show a transient pupillary constriction to darkness. We
      examined 50 normal subjects and 108 patients with retinal and optic nerve
      dysfunction to see if any had an initial pupillary constriction to darkness. We
      used a new infrared television apparatus. Four patients with congenital
      stationary night blindness, four with achromatopsia, two with bilateral optic
      neuritis, and one with dominant optic atrophy showed the phenomenon. In the
      patients who showed this unusual pupillary response to darkness it was the first
      observable event every time the lights were turned off. The constriction could
      usually be seen with a handlight, and it was similar in latency to the normal
      pupillary dilatation to darkness. Pupillary constriction to darkness is a
      clinically valuable sign that can be used in the detection of congenital retinal
      disease in children with poor vision.

PMID- 3872135
TI  - The rate of MgADP binding to and dissociation from acto-S1.
AB  - The rate of binding and dissociation of MgADP from its ternary complex with actin
      and S1 was measured by following the extent to which fixed concentrations of
      MgADP slow down MgATP-induced dissociation of acto-S1. The solution of the
      equations describing this process shows that at any MgADP concentration the
      apparent rate of acto-S1 dissociation should be proportional to a square root of
      the equilibrium constant for MgADP dissociation and to MgATP concentration. By
      measuring the apparent rate of acto-S1 dissociation as a function of MgATP
      concentration, the rate of MgADP binding and dissociation were determined as 5 X
      10(6) M-1 X s-1 and 1400 s-1, respectively. These rates were unchanged by
      modification of SH1 thiol of S1 by a variety of fluorescence and spin-labels, but
      dissociation rate was drastically reduced when SH1 was labelled with 5
      iodoacetamidofluorescein.

PMID- 3872136
TI  - Accessory cells reduce lipoprotein suppression of lymphocyte activation.
AB  - Plasma lipoproteins of d less than or equal to 1.063 g/ml suppress lymphocyte
      activation triggered in vitro by polyclonal T cell mitogens. The extent of
      suppression decreases as the number of accessory cells per culture increases.
      Accessory cells isolated by glass adherence and by counter-flow centrifugation
      reduce lipoprotein suppression to the same extent. Modulation of lipoprotein
      suppression by accessory cells is independent of the amount and type of
      polyclonal activator. Reduction of lipoprotein suppression requires viable
      accessory cells and that they be present with lymphocytes, mitogen and
      lipoproteins during the initial 24-h culture period. It is within this same time
      period that lipoproteins exert their suppressive effect. Accessory cells isolated
      from a patient with the homozygous form (receptor-defective) of familial
      hypercholesterolemia also reduce the extent of lipoprotein suppression,
      suggesting that modulation is not mediated by the classic low density lipoprotein
      receptor. There appear to be at least two mechanisms by which accessory cells may
      alter lipoprotein suppression of T lymphocyte activation: by secretion of a
      soluble factor, probably not interleukin 1, that decreases the extent of
      suppression and by direct modification of the population of suppressive
      lipoproteins. Neither mechanism accounts for the lipoprotein-enhanced activation
      that occurs when cultures contain approximately equal numbers of T lymphocytes
      and accessory cells.

PMID- 3872137
TI  - Miniature endplate potential frequency and amplitude determined by an extension
      of Campbell's theorem.
AB  - A method based upon an extension of Campbell's theorem is used to measure the
      amplitude, waveform, and frequency of occurrence of miniature endplate potentials
      (mepps) at rapidly secreting neuromuscular junctions of frog cutaneous pectoris
      muscles. Measurements of the variance, skew, and power spectrum of the
      fluctuations in membrane potential are used to deduce the mepp parameters. These
      estimates of mepp amplitude and frequency are insensitive to slow drifts in
      membrane potential that preclude the conventional application of Campbell's
      theorem, which uses the mean and variance. The new method becomes unreliable at
      high mepp frequencies because the distribution of the values of membrane
      potential approaches a Gaussian thereby reducing the accuracy of skew
      measurements. Frequencies approaching 10(4) s-1 can be measured, however, if the
      data are high-pass filtered. The method has been tested with computer simulated
      data and applied to junctions exposed to La3+; the effects of Ca2+ on the La3+
      induced secretion have been explored. Some muscles were fixed after treatment
      with La3+, and changes in nerve terminal ultrastructure were assessed by
      morphometric analysis of electron micrographs. Horseradish peroxidase was used to
      obtain information about vesicle recycling.

PMID- 3872138
TI  - Distribution of mass in relaxed frog skeletal muscle and its redistribution upon
      activation.
AB  - Five orders of equatorial reflection were recorded from both relaxed and fully
      activated intact frog sartorius muscle using synchrotron x-ray radiation.
      Electron density maps of the myofilament lattice in axial projection were
      calculated from the integrated intensities by Fourier synthesis, using all
      possible phase combinations. These maps were evaluated systematically in terms of
      their compatibility with electron microscopically and biochemically derived
      properties of the lattice structure and with the minimum wavelength principle.
      For the relaxed state, one phase combination emerged as most consistent with
      these constraints: it shows a thick filament with a compact core surrounded by an
      annular shell of density. The distribution of mass suggests that the S-2 moiety
      of the myosin molecule is an integral part of the thick-filament backbone and the
      S-1 moiety makes up the shell and is tilted or slewed around the backbone. For
      the active state, there are two feasible maps, which differ according to whether
      or not the activation process is associated with phase inversion in two of the
      reflections. Both maps represent patterns of redistribution of mass upon
      activation in which the thick-filament backbone is practically unaffected and
      there is movement of density from the annular shell towards the thin filaments.
      In addition to this outward radial flux of density from the thick-filament
      periphery, the pattern of net mass transfer involves a pronounced azimuthal
      component in both cases. The total net mass transfer is equivalent to
      approximately 20% (no phase change) or approximately 40% (with phase change) of
      the S-1 mass. From the observed systematic increase in peak widths of the higher
      orders, the size of the crystalline domain in the myofilament lattice in the
      relaxed sartorius is estimated to be greater than 650 nm and the variations in
      myofilament lattice spacing among different myofibrils to be about +/- 3%.
      Furthermore, in the activated state, the equilibrium positions of the
      myofilaments are no longer well ordered, but are distributed statistically about
      the lattice points with a standard deviation of approximately 3 nm.

PMID- 3872139
TI  - In vitro expansion and analysis of cloned cytotoxic T cells derived from patients
      with chronic T gamma lymphoproliferative disorders.
AB  - Patients with T gamma lymphocytosis are a heterogeneous group, clearly
      distinguishable from other patients with chronic T lymphoproliferative disorders
      and usually without proven malignancy. We have attempted in vitro cloning of
      lymphocytes from three patients with an expansion of phenotypically and
      functionally different types of T gamma cells. One had T3+ B73.1+ T4 T8+ OKM1+ T
      gamma cells exerting antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and natural
      killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity; another had T3+B73.1-T4-T8+OKM1-ADCC+NK- and a
      third had T3-B73.1+T4-T8-OKM1+ADCC+NK+ cells. On morphological characterization,
      most of the mononuclear cells of these patients resembled large granular
      lymphocytes (LGLs). Although lymphocytes of these patients showed almost no
      proliferative response capacity after stimulation with mitogens, they shared the
      capacity to proliferate after stimulation with Epstein-Barr virus-transformed
      lymphoblastoid B (B-LCL) feeder cells. Stable clones were established by this
      procedure. Clones from patient 3 exerted cytolytic activity against a broad
      spectrum of tumor cell lines, including fresh biopsy specimens of melanoma tumor
      target cells. All of these clones (termed activated killer [AK] cells) had the
      surface phenotype T3-, T4-, T8- or +, HNK1-, OKM1-, Lyt3+, WT1+ and showed ADCC
      in addition to AK cell cytotoxicity. Most of them were B73.1+ and expressed IgG
      Fc receptors. They most likely belong to the T cell lineage, since they express
      IL2 receptors as recognized by the Tac antibody and did not bind monoclonal
      antibodies directed against monocytes or granulocytes. Thus lymphocytes with the
      functional and phenotypical characteristics of T gamma cells can be cloned and
      expanded in vitro from the peripheral lymphocytes of these patients by using the
      appropriate stimulus. Our results indicate that, of the heterogeneous population
      of NK cells, the T3- cells are more rapidly expanded than T3+ subsets. It is
      discussed whether or not our culture system might selectively induce
      proliferation in "normal" T cells rather than aberrant ones.

PMID- 3872140
TI  - Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor in subendothelium mediates platelet adhesion.
AB  - The present studies were undertaken to determine whether factor VIII/von
      Willebrand factor (vWF) present in the vessel wall (in addition to that in
      plasma) may mediate the attachment of platelets to subendothelium. Subendothelium
      from everted rabbit aorta was exposed to human citrated blood flowing through an
      annular perfusion chamber at 40 mL/min (wall shear rate of 2,600 s-1 for five
      minutes). The vessel segments were incubated at 37 degrees C for one hour with
      various dilutions of either goat-anti-rabbit factor VIII/vWF serum or an IgG
      fraction prepared from the serum. Control segments were incubated with serum or
      IgG from a nonimmunized goat. Values of platelet contact (C), platelet adhesion
      (C + S), and thrombus formation (T) on the subendothelium were evaluated by a
      morphometric technique. Compared with vessels incubated with fractions prepared
      from a normal goat, a significant decrease in platelet adhesion (C + S), ranging
      from 45% to 65%, was observed on vessels incubated with various dilutions (1:5 to
      1:50) of either serum or IgG fractions of goat-anti-rabbit factor VIII/vWF. A
      similar decrease in platelet adhesion was observed with vessels incubated with an
      F(ab')2 fragment against rabbit factor VIII/vWF prepared in the goat. When goat
      anti-rabbit factor VIII/vWF IgG was added to rabbit blood (1:75 dilution),
      platelet adhesion was reduced to the same extent (65%) on normal rabbit vessels
      and on vessels pre-incubated with goat-anti-rabbit factor VIII/vWF.
      Immunofluorescence studies revealed the presence of rabbit factor VIII/vWF in the
      subendothelium of rabbit aorta and the continued binding of the goat-anti-factor
      VIII/vWF antibodies on subendothelium during the perfusion studies. No uptake of
      human factor VIII/vWF on the rabbit subendothelium was observed by this
      immunologic technique; human factor VIII/vWF was found to be entirely associated
      with the attached human platelets. Thus, factor VIII/vWF in the vessel wall may
      mediate platelet attachment to subendothelium in a manner similar to that of
      plasma factor VIII/vWF.

PMID- 3872141
TI  - Antibody stimulation of hemopoietic progenitor cells.
AB  - Antisera were raised by immunizing rabbits with cloned lines of murine
      hemopoietic progenitor cells (P cells) that depended on the presence of a
      specific hemopoietic growth factor, persisting cell-stimulating factor (PSF), for
      their growth and survival. The unabsorbed antiserum was inhibitory, but after
      absorption with murine spleen cells and the mastocytoma, P815, significant
      stimulation of both P cell growth and thymidine incorporation was evident. IgG
      antibodies isolated from the antiserum by staphylococcal protein A chromatography
      or further purified by diethylaminoethyl anion exchange chromatography, ammonium
      sulphate precipitation, and gel filtration using Sephacryl S-300 were responsible
      for the stimulation. The absorbed antiserum promoted the survival of normal
      murine bone marrow cells in liquid culture over a four-day period, and the
      inclusion of IgG antibodies in agar cultures of normal bone marrow promoted the
      in vitro survival, over a 48-hour period, of cells capable of subsequently
      generating, in the presence of a source of PSF, colonies of neutrophils,
      macrophages, and megakaryocytes. It is postulated that the antibodies act by
      stimulating the PSF receptor on both the factor-dependent cell lines and normal
      myeloid progenitor cells.

PMID- 3872142
TI  - The clonal proliferation in vitro of enriched populations of human promyelocytes
      and myelocytes.
AB  - The proliferative capacity of normal human promyelocytes and myelocytes was
      demonstrated and characterized on the basis of clonal proliferation in agar. An
      enriched population of normal human promyelocytes and myelocytes was obtained
      from bone marrow using the monoclonal antibody WEM G11 and the fluorescence
      activated cell sorter (FACS). In cultures stimulated by placental-conditioned
      medium, these cells generated peak total clone numbers between days 3 and 5 of
      culture. Clones disappeared rapidly thereafter. These clones were mainly of
      subcolony size at day 7, although some colonies were generated by this
      population. The clones were primarily neutrophilic in type. These cells had a
      plating efficiency of up to 50%, and clonal proliferation was dependent on
      stimulation by colony-stimulating factor (CSF).

PMID- 3872143
TI  - Human spleen cell generation of factors stimulating human pluripotent stem cell,
      erythroid, and myeloid progenitor cell growth.
AB  - Mitogen-stimulated murine spleen cells produce humoral substances capable of
      supporting murine hematopoiesis and pluripotent stem cell proliferation in vitro.
      Thus, we evaluated conditioned media generated by human spleen cells (SCM) in the
      presence or absence of mitogens for factors stimulatory for human pluripotent
      (CFU-GEMM), erythroid (BFU-E), and myeloid (CFU-GM) precursors. Two and one half
      percent to 10% SCM stimulated proliferation of all three types of precursor cells
      from nonadherent buoyant human marrow target cells. Mitogen-stimulated SCM
      augmented CFU-GM (175% to 225%), whereas CFU-GEMM and BFU-E growth was
      essentially unchanged. Cell separation procedures used to determine which cells
      provided these microenvironmental stimuli indicated that nonadherent mononuclear
      spleen cells provided the bulk of the CSF-GM, whereas adherent cells (95%
      nonspecific esterase + monocyte-macrophages) and nonadherent cells provided
      similar proportions of CSF-mix and erythroid burst-promoting activity (BPA). The
      nonadherent cells generating high levels of CSF-mix, BPA, and CSF-GM were
      predominantly Leu-1-negative, ie, non-T, cells. In the presence or absence of
      mitogens, SCM was a more potent source (1.3- to 3.8-fold) than peripheral
      leukocyte CM of the growth factors for the three progenitor cell types. Specific
      in situ cytochemical stains for analyzing morphology of myeloid colonies
      demonstrated that SCM stimulated the proliferation of the same types and
      proportions of colonies as human placental CM, suggesting that these CMs may
      contain similar CSF-GMs. These data show the contribution of spleen cell subsets
      to the generation of hematopoietic growth factors and the responsiveness of these
      cells to various mitogenic stimuli.

PMID- 3872144
TI  - Production of burst-promoting activity by monoclonal antibody defined malignant T
      lymphocytes from patients with lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma.
AB  - We tested conditioned media from 12 patients with T lymphocyte neoplasms and four
      T cell lines for their ability to stimulate the in vitro growth of erythroid
      burst-forming units (BFU-E) from bone marrow mononuclear cells in a
      methylcellulose culture system. Nine patients suffered from acute lymphocytic
      leukemia, two from chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and one from non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma. The T lymphocytes were characterized by a series of monoclonal
      antibodies and their stage of development was correlated with their ability to
      produce burst-promoting activity (BPA). Conditioned media from cells classified
      as prothymocytes (three cases), common thymocytes (one case), mature thymocytes
      (three cases), and mature lymphocytes of the helper subtype (two cases) increased
      BFU-E proliferation four- to 19-fold over control values using normal bone marrow
      as target cells. Conditioned media from OKT8+ malignant T lymphocytes (three
      cases) did not enhance BFU-E proliferation. Conditioned media from cells
      classified as immature T cells stimulated CFU-GM proliferation in only one of
      seven cases even though they secreted BPA. Conditioned media from three of the
      four cell lines stimulated by phytohemagglutinin, enhanced BFU-E growth. Our
      results indicate that malignant cells that have characteristics of immature T
      cells are able to produce BPA. Studies using techniques to isolate homogeneous
      populations of normal T cell subsets are required to determine whether normal
      immature T lymphocytes have the same capability.

PMID- 3872145
TI  - Effect of chemotherapy on T-lymphocyte subsets in B-cell proliferative disorders.
AB  - The T-cell subset distribution and the activity markers of 41 patients with
      multiple Myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia and benign monoclonal
      gammopathy were repeatedly analysed using monoclonal antibodies (T3, T4, T8, anti
      TAC, anti DR) and rosetting techniques. In myeloma and macroglobulinaemia the
      relative and absolute numbers of T4+ cells were diminished while the absolute
      number of T8+ cells was not decreased. No significant difference between stage I
      and III of the myeloma disease was seen. The diminished number of T4+ cells in
      myeloma was partly due to the effect of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy-induced
      lymphopenia resulted in a drop of circulating T4+ cells and an inverted T4/T8
      cell ratio. Untreated patients with myeloma were not significantly different from
      patients with benign gammopathy. Patients with macroglobulinaemia differed from
      patients with myeloma as they had an increased absolute T8 cell count and a
      significantly elevated percentage of TAC+ (= IL 2 receptor expressing) cells. In
      macroglobulinaemia chemotherapy affected also the T8+ cell subset. Thus, patients
      with macroglobulinaemia, but not with myeloma appear to have activated T8+ cells
      in their circulation.

PMID- 3872146
TI  - Surface glycoproteins (S-GP) on normal and malignant human leukocytes.
AB  - This study aimed to investigate high molecular weight surface glycoprotein (S-GP)
      patterns on various types of human leukocytes. S-GP were externally labelled by
      the Galactose-oxidase-NaB3H4 technique. Results based on the analysis of 120
      samples derived from different types of normal and malignant leukocytes indicate
      that the relative expression of high molecular weight S-GPs changes during
      haemopoietic cell differentiation and to some extent these changes enable the
      classification of human leukocytes.

PMID- 3872147
TI  - Succinyl derivatives of N-tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl-2-aminoethane sulphonic
      acid: their effects on the frog neuromuscular junction.
AB  - Succinic anhydride (SA) dissolved in Ringer solution buffered with N-tris
      (hydroxymethyl) methyl-2-aminoethane sulphonic acid (SA-TES solution) potentiates
      the depolarizing action of acetylcholine (ACh, 10-40 microM) on frog muscle and
      the tension induced by bath application of this agonist. Applied from one side of
      a double-barrelled micropipette, SA-TES increases the amplitude of
      iontophoretically elicited ACh potentials. The potentiation of the effects of ACh
      by SA-TES does not involve changes in either the activity of the ACh esterase or
      the input resistance of the muscle membrane. For depolarizations of frog
      sartorius muscle, dose-response relationships obtained for ACh concentrations
      from 0.5 to 20 microM indicate that SA-TES increases the apparent affinity of ACh
      by a factor of 3. SA-TES exerts an "accelerating' effect on the responses
      elicited by bath-applied ACh; i.e., it increases the rate of depolarization when
      ACh is added to the bath and the rate of repolarization upon washing out. These
      effects are particularly marked in preparations treated with neostigmine (3
      microM). SA-TES does not potentiate the depolarizing action of agonists which do
      not contain an ester group. Moreover, the time course of the responses elicited
      by these compounds is not influenced by SA-TES. SA-TES fails to influence
      significantly the effects of the neurally released transmitter. Only a 10%
      increase in the average amplitude of the endplate potentials was observed. SA
      hydrolyzes in about 30 min at room temperature; however the SA-TES solution
      retains its activity for several weeks. Succinate is inactive, and so is SA in
      Ringer buffered with phosphate. The SA-TES solution contains seven succinyl-TES
      derivatives, which were separated by ion-exchange chromatography and paper
      chromatography. At concentrations between 1 to 150 microM, these succinyl-TES
      derivatives affected the ACh-induced contraction of frog rectus abdominus muscle.
      The most abundant derivative potentiated the action of high doses of ACh, but was
      inhibitory at lower ones. The other derivatives were mostly inhibitory. These
      results are discussed in terms of two hypotheses. One postulates the presence of
      a diffusion barrier formed by groups that bind ACh and are saturated by SA-TES.
      The other assumes that SA-TES acts directly on the ACh receptor exerting its
      potentiating effect through a cooperative mechanism.

PMID- 3872148
TI  - Electrostimulation and opiate withdrawal.

PMID- 3872149
TI  - The impact of lithium in South-west Scotland. I. Demographic and clinical
      findings.
AB  - A point-prevalence study in South-west Scotland found that 0.77 per 1,000 of the
      total population were receiving lithium. Almost one quarter had done so for more
      than ten years. At the time of lithium commencement, only 68% had always been
      diagnosed as having an affective illness; 59% of the patients were also receiving
      antidepressants, major tranquillisers, or both. Though this might be due in part
      to unnecessary administration of supplementary drugs, 19% of non-inpatients had
      moderate depressive symptoms, significant depressive illness, or manic symptoms.
      Lithium side-effects were prominent: 30% of the sample complained of weight gain,
      thirst or excessive micturition; 42% had noticed hair changes; and 7% had
      diminished thyroid activity, but most patients believed they had benefited
      considerably from lithium therapy.

PMID- 3872150
TI  - Mixed connective tissue disease, Sjogren's syndrome, and abdominal
      pseudolymphoma.
AB  - A young female with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) presented with the
      unusual occurrence of abdominal pseudolymphoma. Although the pseudolymphoma could
      be related to concomitant sicca complex, some data suggest that MCTD, as such,
      could carry a high incidence of malignancy.

PMID- 3872151
TI  - Twenty-five years of injection sclerotherapy for bleeding varices.
AB  - Acute injection sclerotherapy has been used in Belfast for 25 years and the
      results are reviewed. During this period 264 patients had injection sclerotherapy
      for acute bleeding from oesophageal varices during 396 admissions; a rigid
      oesophagoscope was used and 447 injections were performed. The series includes 19
      children who received 69 injections. Thirty-eight had extrahepatic portal venous
      hypertension and the remainder had intrahepatic disease. Overall, 81 were Child's
      grade A (including the 38 extrahepatics), 82 were grade B and 101 were grade C.
      Of the 396 admissions, acute injection sclerotherapy controlled bleeding in 362
      instances (control rate 91.4 per cent); control rate in the children's group was
      97.1 per cent and in the adults 90.2 per cent. The hospital mortality was 14.9
      per cent (57 adults and 2 children). Nineteen deaths were due directly to
      bleeding oesophageal varices, two from bleeding gastric varices and seven
      directly or indirectly from oesophageal leaks. Most of the remaining deaths were
      due to liver failure. We consider that sclerotherapy is valuable in the control
      of variceal haemorrhage where bleeding is uncontrolled or recurs after
      vasopressin or tamponade in any admission.

PMID- 3872152
TI  - Successes, failures, early complications and their management following
      endoscopic sphincterotomy: results in 394 consecutive patients from a single
      centre.
AB  - The indications and results of 394 endoscopic sphincterotomies (ES) performed
      over a 6 year period from a single centre are described. The indications for ES
      were common bile duct (CBD) calculi (81 per cent), papillary stenosis (9 per
      cent), periampullary tumours, insertion of endoprostheses, sump syndrome and
      biliary dilatation for benign strictures. ES was achieved in 98 per cent of
      patients. In the calculus group the CBD was cleared of stones in 93.3 per cent
      following a successful ES (92 per cent overall success rate for CBD clearance).
      Early complications (less than or equal to 1 month) occurred in 41 patients (10.4
      per cent) of which haemorrhage accounted for nearly half. Emergency surgery
      following ES was undertaken in 15 patients (3.8 per cent). There were 13 deaths
      within one month of ES (3.3 per cent) of which three were directly attributable
      to ES (0.8 per cent). The diagnosis and management of complications following ES
      is important with increasing numbers of patients being treated from outside the
      referral centre.

PMID- 3872153
TI  - Cholinergic involvement in lateral hypothalamic rewarding brain stimulation.
AB  - Rats were implanted with stimulating electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus, and
      cannulae for chemical injections in the ventral tegmentum. Injections of
      atropine, a muscarinic antagonist, increased thresholds for self-stimulation in a
      dose-dependent fashion, without slowing bar pressing rates. Thresholds increased
      less for a self-stimulation site contralateral to the atropine injection. In a
      conditioned place preference test, the rats preferred compartments in which they
      received carbachol, a cholinergic agonist. Muscarinic receptors in ventral
      tegmentum therefore seem critical for medial forebrain bundle (MFB) reward. The
      possible cholinergic cells of origin are discussed.

PMID- 3872154
TI  - Vaginitis due to Gardnerella vaginalis and to Candida albicans in sexual abuse.
AB  - Sexually transmitted diseases may be transferred to children and adolescents
      during voluntary or involuntary sexual contact. Two children are reported with
      the unusual association of sexual abuse and Candida albicans or Gardnerella
      vaginalis infections. Awareness of the techniques for diagnosis of these
      infections is essential for appropriate management of the abused child. These
      organisms should not be considered normal flora when found in symptomatic
      children and adolescents and should raise the possibility of sexual abuse.

PMID- 3872155
TI  - Treatment of Gardnerella vaginalis vaginitis.

PMID- 3872157
TI  - Susceptibility of 114 clinically significant Haemophilus influenzae strains to
      ampicillin, chloramphenicol, rifampin, erythromycin, 2nd and 3rd generation
      cephalosporins.

PMID- 3872156
TI  - Clinical and serologic features of patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis.
AB  - The clinical and serologic features of 36 patients with polymyositis (PM) or
      dermatomyositis (DM) were observed over a 5-year period. The mean age of the
      patients at the time of diagnosis was 48.5 years, and 61% were female. According
      to widely accepted diagnostic criteria 50% had PM (group I), 14% DM (group II),
      11% PM or DM associated with malignant disease (group III) and 25% PM or DM
      associated with a connective tissue disorder (group V). None of the patients had
      childhood PM or DM associated with vasculitis (group IV). All the patients had
      muscle weakness, and 94% of the patients tested had an elevated serum level of
      creatine kinase. The average delay from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 14
      months overall but only 2.3 months for the DM patients. Of the 30 patients whose
      serum was tested, 73% had antinuclear antibodies, with antibodies to nuclear
      ribonucleoprotein being most common in group V patients and antibodies directed
      against the Jo-1 antigen being restricted to patients with PM alone (group I).

PMID- 3872158
TI  - Unaltered immunocompetence in patients with non-disseminated breast cancer at the
      time of diagnosis.
AB  - Immunologic parameters were examined preoperatively in 104 patients with breast
      cancer, staged according to the TNM classification and in 95 age-matched healthy
      women. The immunologic evaluation in the peripheral blood included lymphocyte and
      monocyte counts, determination of E-rosette-forming T-lymphocytes (SER+) and B
      lymphocytes (MER+), T-lymphocyte subsets defined with monoclonal antibodies (Leu
      1, Leu-2a, Leu-3a) and with lectin fractionation (soybean agglutinin), lymphocyte
      transformation test with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (ConA), and
      colony formation of T-lymphocytes in agar (T-lymphocyte colony-forming cells, [TL
      CFC]). Two age groups (Group A: 30-50 years; Group B: 51-70 years) and the
      different tumor stages (Stage I-IV) were analyzed. Patients and controls did not
      differ in the absolute numbers of lymphocytes, T- and B-cells. In patients of
      Group B, the absolute number of monocytes was increased slightly in Stage II and
      III and significantly in Stage IV (P less than 0.05). Similarly, the lymphocyte
      response to PHA was significantly reduced in Stage IV Group B only (P less than
      0.05). ConA-induced lymphocyte proliferation and TL-CFC capacity were not
      different in patients and controls. In the small number of patients and age
      matched controls in whom T-lymphocyte subsets were determined, the absolute
      numbers of T-cells with helper or suppressor phenotype as defined with Leu-3a,
      Leu-2a, or lectin fractionation with soybean agglutinin were similar. This study
      demonstrates that in patients with early breast cancer (Stage I-III),
      immunocompetence as defined by either functional in vitro studies or surface
      marker analysis is not significantly altered at the time of diagnosis. In
      contrast, patients with advanced disease (Stage IV) show a significant increase
      in the absolute number of monocytes and a depressed PHA responsiveness of
      mononuclear cells.

PMID- 3872159
TI  - Clinicopathologic and immunologic characteristics of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas
      presenting in the orbit. A report of eight cases.
AB  - Of 325 consecutive cases of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas, 8 patients (2.4%)
      showed orbital presentation. The clinicopathologic and immunologic analysis of
      the eight patients revealed characteristic biologic features. Despite the
      apparently isolated orbital presentation, all cases had subclinical systemic
      disease. Seven of the eight cases exhibited lymphoplasmacytic/cytoid features,
      with concurrent type II cryoglobulinemia in five of them. In addition, during
      their clinical course, five patients showed single or multiple subcutaneous
      nodules with the same histologic and immunologic pattern as the orbital tumor.
      This study demonstrates that most orbital lymphomas share particular
      clinicopathologic and immunologic features, suggesting an origin from a B-cell
      subset with preferential homing to orbital tissues and subcutis.

PMID- 3872160
TI  - Malignant large cell lymphoma of B-cell type with multilobated nuclei. Report of
      a case and review of the literature.
AB  - Malignant lymphomas with multilobated nuclei are rare, recently recognized
      neoplasms of the immune system initially thought to be of T-cell type. Reported
      is a case of large cell lymphoma with multilobated nuclei in which immunologic
      marker studies demonstrated that the neoplastic cells had characteristics of B
      lymphocytes. The neoplastic cells possessed surface and cytoplasmic
      immunoglobulin of the IgG, lambda type, and stained diffusely with monoclonal
      antibodies to B1, Leu-10 and OKIaI antigens and focally with anti-B2. The
      lymphoma cells did not react with monoclonal antibodies directed against T-cells
      and monocytes/granulocytes. As documented here with multiple monoclonal antibody
      lymphocyte markers, the multilobated lymphoma can have a B-cell phenotype as well
      as the cell phenotype described previously. Thus, even the unique finding of
      multilobated nuclear morphologic features is unreliable in predicting the
      lymphocyte lineage.

PMID- 3872161
TI  - A case of T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with an unusual phenotype and
      central nervous system involvement.
AB  - A case of T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia is reported. The leukemic cells had
      the morphologic features of medium-sized, mature-looking lymphocytes, and had an
      affinity for the central nervous system. Cytochemically, they were positive for
      alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase and acid phosphatase. They formed E-rosettes (E+)
      and reacted with OKT11 but not with OKT3/Leu-4, OKT4/Leu-3, OKT8/Leu-2, or OKM1,
      and did not possess IgG-Fc receptors (Fc gamma R). Functionally, they did not
      respond to phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A, were not natural killer cells or
      antibody-dependent as well as alloantigen-reactive killer cells. Furthermore,
      they did not possess a helper or suppressor T-cell function for immunoglobulin
      synthesis. Results of immunologic studies suggest that the leukemic cells were
      derived from a normal counterpart of a lymphocyte subset present as a minor
      component of the peripheral blood, namely an E+, OKT3-, OKM1-, Fc gamma R-
      subset, the function of which is not yet identified.

PMID- 3872162
TI  - Malignant lymphoma presenting with prominent splenomegaly. A clinicopathologic
      study with special reference to intermediate cell lymphoma.
AB  - Although non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting with prominent splenomegaly is a well
      recognized clinical syndrome, previous reports of such cases create confusion
      today because of the use of outdated pathologic classifications, awkward or
      inappropriate terms, and imprecise diagnostic criteria. The authors have studied
      31 such cases and have classified them according to the modified Rappaport and
      Lukes-Collins classifications as well as the recently introduced International
      Working Formulation. Most of our cases (30/31) of malignant lymphoma presenting
      with prominent splenomegaly were of the small cell type, with morphologic and/or
      immunologic evidence of B-cell origin. The single largest subtype in our series
      (19/30) was intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma (IL), a recently described entity
      in which this mode of presentation has not been previously emphasized. Although
      such cases have been termed "primary splenic lymphoma," almost all are
      disseminated diseases that pursue a progressive course and require multiagent
      chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.

PMID- 3872163
TI  - Philadelphia-positive T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - A case of typical T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is reported in which, at
      diagnosis, 100% of bone marrow metaphases showed a Philadelphia (Ph)
      translocation, t(9;22). These cells completely disappeared following
      chemotherapy. The significance of the Ph chromosome in T and B leukemic cells is
      discussed.

PMID- 3872164
TI  - Burkitt cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with partial expression of T-cell
      markers and subclonal chromosome abnormalities in a man with acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - A 45-year-old white male, bisexual, with a 2-year history of acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prodrome, developed a Burkitt cell-like acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Marker studies of marrow blasts show an unusual and
      possibly unique pattern, in that an unequivocal monoclonal B cell leukemia,
      having K-IgM with HLA-DR and B cell subset antigen (BA-1) expression, was
      superimposed with a mature suppressor T cell marker profile (pan-T, mature T, and
      suppressor/cytotoxic T antigens). The leukemic blasts were totally negative for
      terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), human T cell leukemia-lymphoma virus
      (HTLV) p19 antigen, and other immunoglobulin isotypes. Chromosome analysis of
      marrow cells disclosed that 70% of the cells had 47,XY, + 12,t(8;14)(q24;q32)
      chromosome complement, and 30% of the cells had a 47,XY, + 12,dup1q + (q22
      31),t(8;14)(q24;q32). The consistent finding of the specific chromosome
      rearrangement (8/14 translocation) in all abnormal cells suggests that the cells
      were derived from a common precursor. With regard to the partial T cell marker
      expression, the significance of these markers in B cell leukemia is unclear, as
      is their relation to the additional chromosome abnormalities that apparently
      developed in the process of clonal evolution.

PMID- 3872165
TI  - Tumour inhibitory effects of TCGF/IL-2/-containing preparations.
AB  - Supernatants from ConA-stimulated rat spleen cell cultures and from cultures of
      PMA-stimulated murine lymphoma subline EL-4TF were found to contain TCGF and to
      inhibit growth of a transplantable, MC-induced sarcoma MC11 in syngeneic mice.
      Tumour-inhibitory effects of the supernatants were dependent on local and
      repeated administration. Prior to use of the supernatants obtained from PMA
      stimulated EL-4TF cell cultures, the dialysable PMA had to be removed;
      contamination with PMA was found to abolish the tumour-inhibitory effect of the
      supernatants and to produce enhancement of tumour growth. A significant tumour
      inhibitory effect has also been obtained with partially purified TCGF prepared
      from culture supernatants of cloned EL-4TF cells by ammonium sulphate
      precipitation, ion-exchange (FPLC) chromatography, and AcA 44 Ultrogel
      filtration.

PMID- 3872166
TI  - Cell-mediated inhibition of tumor colony formation in agarose by resting and
      interleukin 2-stimulated human lymphocytes.
AB  - Human nonadherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from
      nonimmunized donors were preincubated for 18 h in medium alone or medium
      containing the lymphokine interleukin 2 and subsequently cocultured with tumor
      cells derived from malignant tumor cell lines or from fresh human tumors. The
      cell suspensions were subsequently inoculated into agarose; 14 days later, new
      tumor colony formation was determined. Although the different tumor cells
      displayed a wide range of sensitivity to the PBMC, in each instance, the number
      of colonies formed by the tumor cells exposed to the PBMC was consistently
      reduced relative to that of control cells. The inhibitory effect on the colony
      forming cells was especially pronounced with PBMC preincubated with interleukin-2
      and was dependent on the ratio of tumor cells to PBMC in the culture. This assay
      system provides an alternative to the standard 51Cr release assays in assessing
      the immunomodulatory effects of lymphokines and in quantitating the cytolytic or
      cytostatic activity of various effector cells against neoplastic stem cells from
      established cell lines and from heterogeneous cell preparations derived from
      fresh human tumors.

PMID- 3872167
TI  - Determinants of deoxyadenosine toxicity in hybrids between human T- and B-
      lymphoblasts as a model for the development of drug resistance in T-cell acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Cultured human T-lymphoblastoid cell lines are more sensitive than B-cell lines
      to 2'-deoxyadenosine in the presence of 2'-deoxycoformycin, a potent inhibitor of
      adenosine deaminase. This difference is related to the greater efficiency with
      which T-lymphoblasts accumulate cytotoxic levels of dATP derived from the
      adenosine deaminase substrate 2'-deoxyadenosine (dAdo). Previous work has shown
      that differences in dATP accumulation by cultured T- and B-lymphoblastoid cell
      lines cannot be explained by large differences in the levels of dAdo
      phosphorylating or dAdo nucleotide (dAXP)-degrading activities in cytoplasmic
      extracts of these cells, although it has been proposed that intact B-cell lines
      may catabolize intracellular dAXP more rapidly than do T-cell lines. To further
      examine the determinants of dAdo sensitivity in T- and B-lymphoblasts, we have
      studied dAdo and dAXP metabolism in the human T- and B-cell lines CEM and WI-L2
      and in hybrids generated by fusion of these cell lines. The hybrid nature of the
      fusion products was established by nutritional studies and by analyses of
      cellular surface antigens, DNA content, and enzymatic activities. We found that
      WI-L2 X CEM hybrids and another T X B hybrid derived from fusion of the SB human
      B-cell line with CEM were 30- to 40-fold less sensitive to dAdo and about 10-fold
      less sensitive to the dAdo analogue 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine than was
      CEM, or about as resistant as were their B-cell parental lines. Our studies
      confirm that CEM avidly accumulates dAXP from dAdo but does not catabolize
      intracellular dAXP. In contrast, WI-L2, SB, and WI-L2 X CEM and SB X CEM hybrids
      rapidly degraded intracellular dAXP, which limited their ability to undergo dAXP
      pool expansion. Expression of dAXP catabolic activity in T X B hybrids behaved as
      a dominant mechanism, conferring resistance to dAdo- and dAdo-related nucleosides
      to T X B hybrids. It has been postulated that cell fusion may play a role in the
      progression of tumors and contribute to diversity among the cells that compose
      clonal tumors. We have speculated that fusion of a malignant T-lymphoblast with
      an activated B-cell might be a mechanism for the evolution of drug resistance in
      acute T-cell leukemia.

PMID- 3872168
TI  - Adoptive immunotherapy of newly induced murine sarcomas.
AB  - Two newly induced methylcholanthrene sarcomas of C57BL/6 mouse origin were
      selected for studies of the adoptive immunotherapy of established tumors. The MCA
      105 and MCA 106 tumors, used during their first five transplant generations,
      possessed weakly immunogenic tumor-associated transplantation antigens as
      revealed by failure to elicit immunity to reject 10(6) tumor cells by tumor
      growth and excision. Specific immunity to reject a 10(6) tumor cell challenge
      could be elicited in less than 50% of mice by immunization with a mixture of
      viable tumor cells and Corynebacterium parvum. Adoptive transfer of spleen cells
      from properly immunized mice consistently mediated the regression of established
      MCA 105 and MCA 106 tumors. Following systemic administration of 10(8) immune
      cells into mice bearing palpable tumor, the tumor grew for at least 1 week and
      then completely regressed. The adoptive immunotherapy was immunologically
      specific for each of these tumors and was mediated by sensitized T-lymphocytes.
      Irradiation (1000 R) of the transferred cells abrogated their in vivo activity.
      With both tumors, successful therapy required prior immune suppression of the
      host. This latter finding suggested the existence of suppression mechanisms
      mediated by tumor-bearing mice although we have been unable to reconstitute this
      suppression by giving T-cell-depleted mice syngeneic spleen cells. The two new
      animal tumor models characterized in this study not only demonstrate the
      feasibility of adoptive immunotherapy to weakly immunogenic tumors but also
      provide unique opportunities for mechanistic studies of the specificity of
      adoptive immunotherapy.

PMID- 3872169
TI  - Peanut agglutinin, a marker for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a good
      prognosis.
AB  - Peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding was studied in cells from 74 children with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). PNA positivity occurred in 50% of T-ALL (12 of 24)
      and was rare in other types of ALL. There was no clear relationship between PNA
      and initial white blood cell count, French-American-British classification, stage
      of differentiation of leukemic cells, hand mirror cells, and organomegaly at
      diagnosis. Prognosis, however, was significantly better (continuous complete
      remission, death) in the PNA-positive T-ALLs. It seems that PNA is a useful
      marker for a subgroup of T-ALL with a better prognosis.

PMID- 3872170
TI  - Phase II trial of diaziquone in advanced ovarian carcinoma. European Organization
      for Research on Treatment of Cancer Early Clinical Trials Group.

PMID- 3872171
TI  - Coronary heart disease mortality trends and related factors in Australia.
AB  - Coronary heart disease (CHD) has been the greatest single cause of mortality in
      Australia over the past 30 years. For most age and sex groups CHD mortality rates
      peaked in 1965-67. Since that time, rates have decreased by nearly 40% and are
      currently the lowest for 30 years. CHD mortality rates are highest in the eastern
      areas of Australia, among those who were born in Australia, and among lower socio
      economic groups. Changes in CHD mortality have been accompanied by changes in
      life-style (particularly recent decreases in the prevalence of cigarette smoking,
      large reductions in tar content of cigarettes and a large change in preference
      for margarine over butter) and changes in treatment (especially in the control of
      hypertension and surgical interventions). Concurrent studies of the incidence and
      case fatality rates in two population centres (Perth and Newcastle) coupled with
      periodic surveys of changes in treatment and population risk factor levels are
      being undertaken over a 10-year period to try to understand the current and
      future trends in CHD mortality.

PMID- 3872172
TI  - Changing trends in coronary heart disease mortality; possible explanations.

PMID- 3872173
TI  - Coronary heart disease mortality trends and related factors in Norway.
AB  - The coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates for men aged 35-44 years
      decreased by 25% from 1966-70 to 1976-80. In older age groups only a modest
      decline was observed. The decrease in CHD mortality is probably due to a decrease
      in incidence. The reason for the decline is not known, but some changes in health
      related behaviour have occurred in Norway, probably already starting in the
      1960s. There was an increase in meat, sugar and total fat consumption and a
      decrease in the intake of cereals both before and after the Second World War.
      These trends seem to have slowed down and in a recent survey 44% of the
      population reported changes towards a low fat diet. The percentage of non-smokers
      is increasing, particularly since 1975-76. Physical activity in leisure time has
      increased since the mid-70s but there are social gradients with the most active
      subjects being recruited from the higher social strata. The improved medical care
      of CHD patients is not thought to have had a major impact upon the decline in the
      mortality rates. The most probable explanation for the changes is an increase of
      non-smokers and a turn towards a less coronary prone diet.

PMID- 3872174
TI  - Evolution of coronary heart disease mortality from 1958 in Belgium.
AB  - Coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality increased during the 1950s and 1960s but
      then showed a steady decline over time, starting in 1970. The author reviews the
      evidence relating this decline in CHD mortality to a favourable evolution of the
      major coronary risk factors. Monitoring of trends and determinants in CHD
      incidence is currently in progress in two major Belgian cities.

PMID- 3872175
TI  - Trends in coronary heart disease mortality and related factors in Israel.
AB  - Age-adjusted mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) showed a striking
      decline in Jews living in Israel between 1974 and 1979. The decline was evident
      for both males (age-adjusted rate, age 25+, declining from 441 to 347/100,000)
      and females (declining from 303 to 205/100,000, respectively), and probably for
      each of the different immigrant groups. A similar decline in Arabs and Druse has
      not been identified and awaits further analysis. The decline has been associated
      with the presentation of coronary care units, coronary bypass surgery, improved
      emergency service and cardiopulmonary resuscitation procedures. The modernization
      of diagnostic procedures, discharge and rehabilitation, and possibly
      pharmacologic therapy may also have contributed, but available data do not
      provide unequivocal proof for the role of secondary prevention. In the realm of
      primary prevention, evidence for improved screening, treatment and control of
      hypertension is suggestive but not conclusive. Little, if any, change in serum
      cholesterol levels and cigarette smoking habits has been observed. A continuous
      increase of the percent of calories derived from fat has been apparent, while
      energy derived from carbohydrates, notably starch, has been declining. Thus,
      changes in CHD mortality were not accompanied by putatively anti-atherogenic
      trends in eating habits. The reasons behind the striking decline of CHD mortality
      in Israel are not clear, but so far there is very little in the available data to
      suggest a meaningful effect of life-style modifications on mortality trends.

PMID- 3872176
TI  - Increasing mortality from coronary heart disease among males in Sweden.
AB  - In Sweden, coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality increased by 30% among 50- to
      54-year-old men and by 20% among 55- to 59-year-old men between 1968 and 1980.
      Among women there was no change during the same time. Two cohorts of 50-year-old
      men living in Gothenburg, Sweden, were examined 10 years apart (1963-1973):
      Levels of the 3 major CHD risk factors, blood pressure, serum cholesterol and
      smoking habits, were similar in these two cohorts. Men in the latest examined
      cohort had almost doubled the 7-year incidence of fatal and non-fatal CHD
      compared to men in the first examined cohort. Obesity was more prevalent among
      men examined in 1973 and also a significant risk factor for CHD in that cohort.
      Increased obesity and very slightly increased serum cholesterol levels can,
      however, only explain part of the increased incidence of CHD. Hypertension is
      being more effectively treated, the prevalence of smokers has decreased, and
      treatment of symptomatic CHD is similarly active in Sweden as in many other
      countries. Thus, several changes largely parallel those taking place in countries
      with decreasing CHD mortality. In spite of this, CHD mortality is increasing
      among males in Sweden. Possible reasons for this are discussed.

PMID- 3872177
TI  - Coronary heart disease mortality trends and related factors in Poland.
AB  - The reported data point to a clear trend of increasing coronary heart disease
      (CHD) mortality in Poland with a tendency toward its reduction in recent years.
      The mortality is higher in urban than rural areas, but the increase has been
      greater in the rural population, especially in males. Recent reduction in the
      trend of increasing mortality has not been found in middle-aged men and women.
      The trend showed a correlation with changes in the levels of risk factors,
      especially in the usual diet consumed by the population. The authors suggest that
      the increased mortality is due to an increased incidence of CHD.

PMID- 3872178
TI  - Recent trends in coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases in
      Italy.
AB  - Trends in death rates from coronary heart disease (CHD) in Italy in the period
      1970-1979 suggest a continuous rising of mortality in males until 1976-1977
      followed by a plateau or a slight decrease in the next 2 years; whereas an 11.5%
      decrease has been observed in females aged 35-74. Looking at the whole group of
      cardiovascular diseases it appears that a continuous and clear decline in stroke
      mortality (-14.6% in males and -22.0% in females aged 35-74) explains almost
      completely the overall decrease of cardiovascular mortality observed during the
      period 1970-1979 which corresponds to -8.4% in males and -24.3% in females.
      Limited and unrepresentative data from population samples studied between 1960
      and 1980 suggest an increasing incidence of CHD which is compatible with parallel
      changes of some risk factor levels. In the 1970s a continuous increase of fat
      consumption and of cigarette consumption has been balanced by an increase of
      prevalence of controlled hypertensives, by an increase of leisure physical
      activity, by an increasing availability of coronary care units and consumption of
      beta-blockers. It is likely that in the late 1970s a plateau was reached in the
      coronary epidemic.

PMID- 3872179
TI  - Coronary heart disease mortality trends and related factors in Spain.
AB  - Coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rate in Spain is relatively low, but
      showed an annual increase of 6.2% for men and of 4.2% for women between 1968 and
      1977. There are marked differences in CHD mortality rate between regions.
      Although there is little data available on the prevalence and trends of CHD risk
      factors, these data seem to suggest a relatively high level of the main risk
      factors and a tendency toward adverse development. Socioeconomic and
      sociocultural changes due to a fast industrial development followed by an
      economic crisis with high rates of unemployment may produce an unpredictable
      change in CHD trends in the next years.

PMID- 3872180
TI  - Angiography and complement activation. Evidence for generation of C3a
      anaphylatoxin by intravascular contrast agents.
AB  - The potent anaphylatoxin C3a was measured in the peripheral blood of eleven
      patients receiving radiocontrast agents whilst undergoing coronary angiography.
      In seven patients C3a levels were raised during this procedure and in three of
      these the anaphylatoxin was increased between four and tenfold. In four patients
      C3a levels remained within the normal range. In vitro tests of five contrast
      agents revealed marked heterogeneity in their ability to generate C3a from serum.

PMID- 3872181
TI  - [Early and later experience with retrogasserian thermolesion].

PMID- 3872182
TI  - New functions of epidermal growth factor: stimulation of capillary endothelial
      cell migration and matrix dependent proliferation.
AB  - The proliferative response of bovine retinal capillary endothelial cells to EGF
      is dependent upon attaching the cells to a matrix of fibronectin. Bovine
      capillary endothelial cells are also stimulated to actively migrate when exposed
      to EGF in vitro. These activities provide an explanation for the angiogenic
      properties of EGF in vivo. Capillary cell migration and proliferation are
      proposed as sensitive quantifiable bioassays to explore the functional domains of
      the EGF molecule. Studies on the inactivation of these properties of EGF by
      specific cleavage of the molecule with CNBr or proteases suggest that an intact
      loop composed in part by amino acid residues 20 to 31 is essential for at least
      some functions.

PMID- 3872183
TI  - Decrease in reactivity of basophils by immunotherapy with housedust extract.
AB  - Changes of basophil reactivity to housedust extract and anti-IgE during
      immunotherapy was examined in thirteen patients with bronchial asthma sensitive
      to housedust. (i) A significant decrease in the morphological reactivity of
      basophils to housedust extract was observed 6 months after the beginning of
      immunotherapy with the antigen, and a significant decrease after 12 and 18
      months' therapy, accompanied with the decrease of histamine release from the
      cells. The percent reactive basophils to the antigen decreased from 59.2 +/- 2.9%
      before the therapy to 40.0 +/- 1.8% after 18 months' immunotherapy. (ii) A
      decrease in the morphological reactivity of basophils to anti-IgE was also shown
      during immunotherapy. The basophil reactivity to anti-IgE decreased significantly
      at the late stage (18 months) of immunotherapy. (iii) A significant reduction of
      specific IgE antibody to housedust was observed 12 and 18 months after the
      beginning of immunotherapy. It was suggested from these results that
      immunotherapy causes some changes on the surface of basophils and decreased
      reactivity of the cells, and that a decrease of reactive basophils to anti-IgE in
      the process of immunotherapy might be due to a decrease in number of IgE
      receptors essentially or functionally.

PMID- 3872184
TI  - Problems of interference in the PABA test for assessment of pancreatic exocrine
      function.

PMID- 3872185
TI  - HLA-DR antigens and phenotypes in Dutch coeliac children and their families.
AB  - In a study on the HLA-DR antigens and phenotypes in a series of Dutch coeliac
      children and their first-degree relatives, the B-cell antigens of 36 unrelated
      coeliac children, 110 first-degree relatives of 33 of them, and 201 controls were
      typed with the two-colour fluorescence test. The most frequent antigen was HLA
      DR3 (69%), followed by DR7 (36%). The distribution of DR phenotypes showed that
      the most frequent was DR3/other DR (25%), followed by DR3/DR7 (17%), DR3/DR4
      (14%), and DR3/DR3 (14%). However, due to the frequency of certain antigens in
      the controls, only phenotypes DR3/DR3 (relative risk = 6.2), DR3/DR7 (relative
      risk = 6.4), and DR3/DR4 (relative risk = 6.2) were significantly associated with
      CD. The family study confirmed the segregation of the disease with phenotypes
      DR3/DR3 and DR3/DR7. The present results show that the association between CD and
      phenotypes DR3/DR3 and DR3/DR7 is not an exclusive characteristic of Southern
      coeliac children.

PMID- 3872186
TI  - A complex rearrangement, including a deleted 8q, in a case of Langer-Giedion
      syndrome.
AB  - A 10-month-old infant with failure to thrive, delayed development, mild
      dysmorphia, cardiac anomalies, and cryptorchidism was referred for cytogenetic
      evaluation. Routine GTG-banded analysis revealed a modal number of 46
      chromosomes, which contained an obvious complex rearrangement involving
      chromosomes 1, 8, and 14. Parental chromosomes were normal. Following high
      resolution techniques, this de novo rearrangement demonstrated an intraband
      deletion and was designated as [46,XY,t(1;8;14)(1pter----1p13.1::14q12---
      14pter++ +;1qter----1p13.1::8q24.13----8qter; 14qter----14q12::8p23.3---
      8q24.11:)]. Although deletions have been implicated as possibly responsible for
      abnormal phenotypes in patients with de novo "balanced rearrangements", in most
      cases, they could not be demonstrated. The present case is only the second
      instance documenting a subtle intraband deletion in association with a complex
      translocation. Fourteen of the reported 18 patients with an 8q deletion
      (including this infant) have Langer-Giedion syndrome, suggesting an etiologic
      relationship. However, the same deletion is not present in all cases.

PMID- 3872187
TI  - Two monoclonal antibodies raised against a Burkitt lymphoma cell line recognise
      different cell types within lymphoid follicles.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were raised against a laboratory derived variant of the
      Raji Burkitt lymphoma cell line. We have characterized two of these antibodies by
      screening on haematopoietic cell lines, and frozen sections of both reactive and
      neoplastic lymphoid tissue, and found reactivity with separate cellular
      components of lymphoid follicles. Monoclonal FW37.4.D5 reacts in section
      specifically with follicular dendritic reticular cells. Monoclonal 35.1C5 reacts
      with a subpopulation of splenic marginal zone, and lymph node mantle zone, B
      lymphocytes, but stains only rare cells within germinal centres. This monoclonal
      is operationally B lymphocyte specific, distinguishing an 'intermediate' B cell
      subset, represented in lymphoma by B chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, B hairy cell
      leukaemia and centrocytic lymphoma.

PMID- 3872188
TI  - Immunoregulatory effects of interferon-alpha. I. Interferon-alpha inhibits in
      vitro antibody synthesis by normal human lymphocytes.
AB  - The effects of human interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) on in vitro synthesis of
      specific anti-influenza virus antibody were measured in cultures of peripheral
      blood lymphocytes from normal donors. IFN-alpha suppressed antibody synthesis in
      a time and dose related manner. This suppression was also produced by monoclonal
      antibody purified IFN-alpha and was blocked by anti-IFN-alpha antibody. However
      antibody induced by a combination of antigen and 'B cell helper supernatant' was
      not suppressed indicating that IFN-alpha inhibits the initial events in antibody
      synthesis but does not affect cells committed to antibody production.

PMID- 3872189
TI  - Hypergammaglobulinaemia in Leishmania donovani infected hamsters: possible
      association with a polyclonal activator of B cells and with suppression of T cell
      function.
AB  - Studies were carried out on the mechanisms by which B lymphocytes are
      polyclonally activated to secrete antibodies during visceral leishmaniasis. Crude
      extracts of Leishmania donovani, the aetiological agent of this disease, of
      Leishmania mexicana amazonensis, the etiological agent of cutaneous
      leishmaniasis, and of Herpetomonas muscarum, a related non-pathogenic organism,
      all contain components which cause strong in vitro polyclonal activation of
      hamster spleen cells leading to the production of antibodies. However, in vivo,
      only hamsters infected with L. donovani develop hypergammaglobulinaemia due to B
      cell polyclonal activation. Hamsters injected with the crude extracts of
      leishmania or infected with L. mexicana amazonensis do not manifest these
      alterations in their B cell response. Furthermore spleen cells of hamsters
      infected with L. donovani became unresponsive to stimulation with the T cell
      mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) by day 10 of infection, whereas their response
      to concanavalin A (Con A) was preserved. The decreased lymphocyte response to PHA
      coincided with the augmentation of the PFC/spleen ratio. In contrast, spleen
      cells from hamsters infected with L. mexicana amazonensis, responded normally to
      both mitogens throughout the course of infection. These results suggest that the
      hypergammaglobulinaemia present in visceral leishmaniasis may be the consequence
      of an inbalance of regulatory T cells, possibly associated with a direct
      stimulation of hamster B cells by L. donovani components.

PMID- 3872190
TI  - IgA containing circulating immune complexes and IgA anti-single stranded DNA
      antibodies in patients with obstructive jaundice.
AB  - Elevated levels of IgA containing circulating immune complexes (IgA-CIC) and IgG
      containing (IgG-) CIC were detected in patients with obstructive jaundice due to
      biliary tract stones and/or tumour of biliary tract or pancreas. Levels of serum
      IgA were also elevated, and correlated with the levels of IgA-CIC. The levels of
      IgA and IgG anti-single stranded (ss) DNA were elevated, and there was a
      significant correlation between the levels of IgA-CIC and IgA anti-ssDNA
      antibodies. The cause of IgA-CIC increase in patients with obstructive jaundice
      might be due not only to simple obstruction of biliary tract but also to other
      factors such as a tissue destruction.

PMID- 3872191
TI  - The isotype and specificity of antiglobulins in BALB/c mice.
AB  - Antiglobulin activity was detected in the IgM class and the IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b
      subclasses in normal and unstimulated BALB/c mice. There was an age related
      increase in their IgM antiglobulin, but this increase was not observed with IgG
      antiglobulin. Antiglobulin production could be induced by polyclonal activation
      of BALB/c mice with lipopolysaccharide, but this produces an increase in IgM
      antiglobulin only. IgM antiglobulin binding with mouse IgG1 and human IgG peaked
      on day 4 following lipopolysaccharide, whereas IgM antiglobulin binding with
      mouse IgG2a peaked around day 7. There was no IgM response with specificity for
      binding to mouse IgG2b. The level of IgG antiglobulin remained constant following
      polyclonal activation of BALB/c mice with lipopolysaccharide. Interestingly IgG
      antiglobulin binds preferentially with isologous IgG compared with heterologous
      IgG. Possible physiological roles have been discussed for the presence of these
      rheumatoid factors in normal mice.

PMID- 3872192
TI  - The origin of T cell colonies from T depleted human lymphocyte populations:
      analysis by limiting dilution.
AB  - We have examined the identity of the T colony progenitor cell (TCPC) in T cell
      depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM-E-). PBM were cultured in a
      limiting dilution assay utilizing PHA, T cell growth factor (TCGF) and irradiated
      feeder cells in semi-solid medium. The TCPC frequency was 0.10 in PBM-E+ and
      0.0006 in PBM-E-. The observed TCPC frequency in PBM-E- was directly proportional
      to the number of contaminating PBM-E+; all of the T colonies which arose from PBM
      E- could be accounted for by contaminating T cells. In other experiments, E+
      cells were generated from PBM-E-, incubated in the presence of PHA and TCGF. This
      appearance of E+ cells could be totally abrogated by incubation with hydroxyurea.
      Similarly, the TCPC frequency in PBM-E- was increased by pre-incubation with PHA
      and TCGF, and this increase was blocked by hydroxyurea. These experiments suggest
      that a small number of contaminating T cells can rapidly expand in culture and
      that these residual T cells, not a population of pre-T cells, are the source of
      TCPC within the PBM-E- population.

PMID- 3872193
TI  - Paget's disease of bone in West Germany. Prevalence and distribution.
AB  - In the region of Baden-Wurttemberg, 6751 doctors (general practitioners,
      internists, surgeons, and orthopedists) were asked to report on patients in their
      practice with Paget's disease of bone. Two hundred forty-nine doctors reported on
      325 cases of Paget's disease, half of which were regarded as needing treatment.
      Since the authors' unit received 47 Paget patients in Baden-Wurttemberg and about
      half of them were registered during the investigation, it can be concluded that
      around 300 patients with clinically significant disease needing treatment are
      known. They represented only 0.25% of an estimated 120,000 cases of Paget's
      disease in people older than 40 years of age expected among the 4.03 million
      people of this age group. Analysis of the epidemiologic data from 103 cases of
      Paget's disease of bone revealed an equal sex distribution (51 men and 52 women),
      but age at diagnosis was about one decade earlier in men. The anatomic
      distribution showed most often involvement of pelvic bones, followed by femora,
      calvarium, tibiae, and lumbar vertebrae. Right-sided preference was not evident,
      but the distribution favors the suggestion that physical stress may be a factor
      or cofactor in the clinical manifestations of the disease.

PMID- 3872194
TI  - Visualization of arterial grafts on a gastrointestinal bleeding scan.
AB  - A case of patent arterial grafts causing an abnormal Tc-99m sulfur colloid
      bleeding scan is presented. This finding has not been reported previously.

PMID- 3872195
TI  - The in vitro activity of sulphones alone and in combination with ampicillin or
      amoxicillin against Legionella pneumophila and other Legionella spp. including
      beta-lactamase studies.
AB  - Penicillinate sulphone beta-lactamase inhibitors, sulbactam, and BL-P2013, were
      very effective alone and in combination with ampicillin-like penicillins against
      34 strains of Legionellae. The minimum concentrations inhibiting 50% of tested
      isolates (MIC50) results were as follows: sulbactam, BL-P2013, and amoxicillin =
      2.0 micrograms/ml; ampicillin = 1.0 microgram/ml; erythromycin = 0.5
      microgram/ml; and rifampin = 0.03 microgram/ml. Synergy was commonly observed
      when the sulphones were combined with ampicillin or amoxicillin, generally
      reducing the drug minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) fourfold to eightfold
      (synergy rates 85-91%). BL-P2013 was a slightly more active inhibitor of
      Legionella spp. beta-lactamase than dicloxacillin or sulbactam.

PMID- 3872196
TI  - Imipenem (N-formimidoyl thienamycin): in vitro antimicrobial activity and beta
      lactamase stability.
AB  - In vitro studies with imipenem (N-formimidoyl thienamycin or MK0787) were
      performed with 8481 clinical isolates in three separate medical centers. More
      extensive comparative studies were also performed with 605 representative
      isolates, comparing imipenem to six other beta-lactams. Although the newer beta
      lactams were often more active against susceptible species, imipenem demonstrated
      the broadest spectrum of antibacterial activity, with MIC 90s less than or equal
      to 4.0 micrograms/ml for all species tested except Pseudomonas maltophilia and P.
      cepacia. Imipenem was very active against all streptococci and staphylococci, in
      contrast to the third-generation cephalosporins. There was no evidence of cross
      resistance between imipenem and the cephalosporins or penicillins. Resistance to
      hydrolysis by seven beta-lactamase preparations was documented for imipenem,
      cefotaxime, and moxalactam. Like many other beta-lactams, imipenem inhibited the
      Type I beta-lactamase produced by Enterobacter cloacae. Other beta-lactamases
      from gram-negative bacilli were also inhibited by high concentrations of
      imipenem.

PMID- 3872197
TI  - The interleukins.

PMID- 3872198
TI  - Macrophages and cellular immunity in experimental nephrosis and
      glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3872199
TI  - Immunopathogenesis of lupus nephritis.

PMID- 3872200
TI  - Clinical diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3872202
TI  - Role of bronchial brush biopsy in AIDS with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

PMID- 3872201
TI  - Methylergonovine-induced spasm of saphenous vein coronary bypass graft.
AB  - A case of repeated methylergonovine-induced spasm of a saphenous vein bypass
      graft in a 56-year-old man is presented. Prior to the operation, spasm was
      induced by methylergonovine in the stenosed right coronary artery. Six months
      after the operation, coronary angiographic studies showed induced spasm of the
      right coronary graft but no spasm in native vessels nor in the other graft to the
      left anterior descending coronary artery.

PMID- 3872203
TI  - [Preliminary review of induction and augmentation of labor with oxytocin].

PMID- 3872204
TI  - Effect of secretin on stress-induced gastric bleeding in rats.
AB  - The effect of secretin on gastric bleeding induced by water (20 degrees C)
      immersion stress was studied by means of either perfusion of hydrochloric acid
      (0.13 N) or instillation of hydrochloric acid solution (0.4 N) into the rat
      stomach. When the stomach was perfused with acid solution, gastric bleeding
      occurred 20 min after the stress of water immersion and the amount of bleeding
      increased with time. It was found that integrated amounts of gastric bleeding
      after stress were more significantly decreased in the secretin-treated group (7.5
      clinical units/kg/hr) than the saline control. On the other hand, intraduodenal
      administration of cimetidine (100 mg/kg) or propantheline (30 mg/kg) did not
      affect gastric bleeding. It was also revealed that the total amount of
      glycoprotein in the 4-hr perfusate was decreased 30% by the water immersion, but
      that secretin treatment prevented the 30% decrease in glycoprotein in the
      perfusate. In experiments on intragastric instillation of hydrochloric acid
      solution, it was found that gastric bleeding was seen only when the concentration
      of hydrochloric acid solution was higher than 0.4 N. However, the bleeding was
      also significantly prevented by treatment with secretin (2.5 and 7.5 clinical
      units/kg/hr). In conclusion, secretin prevents stress-induced gastric bleeding at
      least in part by increasing glycoprotein secretion in the gastric mucosa in the
      rat.

PMID- 3872205
TI  - Prostaglandin and aspirin.

PMID- 3872206
TI  - [Sclerosing therapy after initial esophageal varix hemorrhage in liver
      cirrhosis].

PMID- 3872207
TI  - [Lymphocyte differentiation].

PMID- 3872208
TI  - [Principles of immune defects].

PMID- 3872209
TI  - Confidence intervals and sample size calculations to compare variant frequencies.
AB  - Direct mutagenicity tests offer the opportunity of monitoring human populations
      to detect evidence of genetic damage that occurs in vivo. As such these tests
      offer the potential of linking earlier exposures to mutagenic agents to
      subsequent health effects. One such test detects mutant T-lymphocytes that arise
      in vivo in human peripheral blood. Statistical analysis of the value observed,
      the variant frequency (Vf), is the subject of this paper. We present and
      illustrate procedures for finding confidence intervals for a single variant
      frequency and for the ratio of two independent variant frequencies. We also
      derive formulae for required sample size to ensure adequate power to detect a
      specified change in a single variant frequency or a specified difference between
      two variant frequencies. Our approach is to exploit the approximate normality of
      the natural logarithm of a Poisson distributed variable. The procedures developed
      appear to be quite accurate even for the small (5-15) values often observed in
      the variant frequency assay. Moreover, the procedures are very easy to use and
      should prove valuable to investigators involved in direct mutagenicity testing.

PMID- 3872210
TI  - Lung clearance, translocation, and acute toxicity of arsenic, beryllium, cadmium,
      cobalt, lead, selenium, vanadium, and ytterbium oxides following deposition in
      rat lung.
AB  - Young adult rats were exposed via inhalation or intratracheal instillation to
      oxides of arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, lead, selenium, vanadium, and
      ytterbium. Serial necropsies were performed to assess the metal content in organs
      at times up to several weeks after exposure. The lung clearance varied widely for
      these compounds, and the times to remove 50% of the initial burden ranged from 18
      min for vanadium to 400 days for beryllium. Arsenic, cadmium, lead, selenium, and
      vanadium were initially soluble in lung, but a small fraction (1-20%) remained
      there over the long term. Extrapulmonary tissues often accumulated substantial
      amounts of the soluble oxides, and whole-body retention was often greater for
      compounds that were more soluble in lung. Arsenic, selenium, and vanadium
      translocated to carcass and bone. Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and selenium
      accumulated in the liver, and the kidney retained cadmium and lead. Beryllium,
      cobalt and ytterbium did not deposit at any extrapulmonary site in significant
      amounts. In general, the aqueous solubility of these compounds was a poor
      predictor for behavior in vivo because of their interaction with metabolic
      processes. Of the metal oxides tested for acute lethality following pulmonary
      deposition, cadmium was most toxic, followed by selenium, vanadium, and arsenic.

PMID- 3872211
TI  - On porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase action: kinetic evidence for the binding of
      two maltooligosaccharide molecules (maltose, maltotriose and o
      nitrophenylmaltoside) by inhibition studies. Correlation with the five-subsite
      energy profile.
AB  - Hydrolysis of small substrates (maltose, maltotriose and o-nitrophenylmaltoside)
      catalysed by porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase was studied from a kinetic
      viewpoint over a wide range of substrate concentrations. Non-linear double
      reciprocal plots are obtained at high maltose, maltotriose and o
      nitrophenylmaltoside concentrations indicating typical substrate inhibition.
      These results are consistent with the successive binding of two molecules of
      substrate per enzyme molecule with dissociation constants Ks1 and Ks2. The Hill
      plot, log [v/(V-v)] versus log [S], is clearly biphasic and allows the
      dissociation constants of the ES1 and ES2 complexes to be calculated. Maltose and
      maltotriose are inhibitors of the amylase-catalysed amylose and o
      nitrophenylmaltoside hydrolysis. The inhibition is of the competitive type. The
      (apparent) inhibition constant Kiapp varies with the inhibitor concentration.
      These results are also consistent with the successive binding of at least two
      molecules of maltose or maltotriose per amylase molecule with the dissociation
      constants Ki1 and Ki2. These inhibition studies show that small substrates and
      large polymeric ones are hydrolysed at the same catalytic site(s). The values of
      the dissociation constants Ks1 and Ki1 of the maltose-amylase complexes are
      identical. According to the five-subsite energy profile previously determined, at
      low concentration, maltose (as substrate and as inhibitor) binds to the same two
      sites (4,5) or (3,4), maltotriose (as substrate and as inhibitor) and o
      nitrophenyl-maltoside (as substrate) bind to the same three subsites (3,4,5). The
      dissociation constants Ks2 and Ki2 determined at high substrate and inhibitor
      concentration are consistent with the binding of the second ligand molecule at a
      single subsite. The binding mode of the second molecule of maltose (substrate)
      and o-nitrophenylmaltoside remains uncertain, very likely because of the
      inaccuracy due to simplifications in the calculations of the subsite binding
      energies. No binding site(s) outside the catalytic one has been taken into
      account in this model.

PMID- 3872212
TI  - Quantitative determination of regional extravascular lung water and regional
      blood volume in congestive heart failure.
AB  - Regional extravascular lung water (rELW) and blood volume (rBV) in five controls
      and 14 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) were measured by constant
      infusion of H215O and inhalation of 11CO using positron emission tomography
      (PET). The analysis of 18 regions per patient revealed a relatively homogeneous
      level of rELW in the controls (mean = 0.11 +/- 0.02 g/cc; range, 0.08-0.21),
      whereas this increase in patients with CHF (0.17 +/- 0.02 g/cc; range, 0.10
      0.51). The rBV was 0.21 +/- 0.02 g/cc in the controls and 0.17 +/- 0.02 g/cc in
      patients with CHF. A good correlation was found between the severity of chronic
      heart failure (according to the grading of the New York Heart Association) and
      mean extravascular lung water (ELW) (r = 0.69), as well as between CHF and the
      ratio rELW/rBV (r = 0.87); however, the correlation to hemodynamic data was less
      satisfactory (cardiac index, r = 0.45; pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, r =
      0.47; ejection fraction, r = 0.60). In supine controls, a progressive decrease in
      regional blood volume from the basal to the apical regions was observed, whereas
      the differences in ELW were only small. In patients with chronic heart failure,
      ELW in the basal parts was markedly increased, whereas in the apical regions,
      only minor deviations from the controls were observed. In the basal regions of
      these patients, the blood volume was reduced by about 30%. Instead of the normal
      basoapical gradient of blood volume, these patients showed a rather flat
      distribution. Radiographic findings of pulmonary edema generally appeared
      together with an ELW level of greater than 0.14 g/cc.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3872213
TI  - Gradient effects in extravascular water determination using 15O-labelled water
      under steady state conditions: theory and error sensitivity.
AB  - Steady state tracer measurements with short-lived isotopes allow the
      determination of dynamic and static physiological functions and parameters. Both
      types of measurements are affected by the gradient effects which result from the
      decay of the tracer through the volume observed. Using 15O-labelled compounds and
      positron emission tomography (PET), dynamic functions like flow are quite
      sensitive to variations in extraction fraction and distribution coefficient. In
      the operational equation for the determination of distribution volumes the
      gradient effect can be reduced to correction terms which are governed by the mean
      transit time of the tracer through the observed volume. Because mean transit
      times can be measured independently they allow a reasonable correction of
      gradient effects in distribution volume determinations, even if deviations of
      extraction fraction and distribution coefficient from unity must be considered.

PMID- 3872214
TI  - Myelopathy as the main presenting feature of systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Myelopathy is a rare complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Only 34
      cases have been fully described in the literature. 5 other cases have been listed
      among large surveys of SLE patients. It is particularly unusual to find evidence
      of spinal cord involvement as the presenting feature of the disease. 2 cases are
      described in which SLE presented as a myelopathy and both made a satisfactory
      recovery with steroid treatment. The literature concerning SLE-myelopathy is
      reviewed.

PMID- 3872215
TI  - Isotypically restricted activation of B lymphocytes by lactic dehydrogenase
      virus.
AB  - Lactic dehydrogenase elevating virus (LDV) was found to selectively stimulate
      IgG2a synthesis in infected mice. Within one week after infection, the production
      of IgG2a increased nearly 50-fold whereas that of IgM, IgA, IgG1 and IgG3
      remained virtually unchanged. IgG2b synthesis was also enhanced but to a lesser
      extent. Several observations suggested that this stimulation of IgG2 production
      resulted from a polyclonal B cell activation: (a) the isoelectric focusing
      patterns of IgG2a before and after LDV infection were exactly the same, (b) the
      frequency of clones with anti-LDV activity in hybridoma collections derived from
      infected mice was extremely low (less than 4/1000) and (c) the proliferative
      response elicited by LDV in unsensitized animals was comparable with that induced
      by lipopolysaccharide. The effect of LDV on immunoglobulin synthesis was
      drastically reduced in nude mice but was not affected by the X-linked B
      lymphocyte defect of animals carrying the xid mutation.

PMID- 3872216
TI  - Accessory function of human leukemic cell lines: properties of B and B-K562
      hybrid cell lines.
AB  - The accessory function (AF) of various B cell lines has been investigated by
      studying their ability to replace monocytes inducing the proliferation of highly
      purified T lymphocytes in the presence of phytohemagglutinin. AF could be exerted
      by B cells from different origin, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed
      lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL), Burkitt's lymphoma (BL)-derived lines, either
      EBV-positive or not, pre-B and B leukemias and lymphomas. The EBV-converted BJAB
      B95 BL cells could exert an AF as efficient as BJAB cells, their EBV-negative
      counterparts, which demonstrates that EBV itself does not play any role in this
      function. The HLA-DR antigen-negative BL-K562 hybrids PUTKO and DUTKO, T51.4.1.6
      cells which derived from an HLA-DR-negative variant of the T51 LCL and 721.84.5
      cells from a mutagenically dissected HLA-DR-negative clone of the 721 LCL, also
      exerted very efficient AF. 721 LCL, PUTKO and DUTKO hybrids could produce
      interleukin 1 activity when triggered with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate
      (TPA). Furthermore, addition of anti-DR monoclonal antibodies which blocked
      completely the AF of the B cell lines in mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell reaction did
      not affect the mitogen-triggered AF exerted by the same B cell lines. The
      induction of cellular differentiation with TPA markedly reduced the AF exerted by
      all B cell lines studied as well as by the hybrid cells DUTKO. By contrast, the
      PUTKO hybrid was unsensitive to sodium butyrate and TPA treatments, which were
      unable to abrogate its AF. Taken together, these data indicate that the AF in
      mitogen-induced T lymphocyte responses is dependent upon some precise
      maturational stages of accessory cells and HLA-DR antigen expression is not
      required for AF in mitogen-induced proliferation assays.

PMID- 3872217
TI  - Induction of an auto-anti-IgE response in rats I. Effects on serum IgE
      concentrations.
AB  - With a view to specifically suppressing the IgE isotype, rats of high (BN) and
      low (PVG.RT1u) IgE-responding phenotypes were immunized with a highly purified
      rat IgE myeloma (IR2) in an attempt to induce an anto-anti-IgE response. Rat IgE
      antibodies against epsilon determinants were detected in the serum of IR2
      immunized animals using a solid-phase (plate) radioimmunoassay. The auto-anti-IgE
      antibodies detected were found to bind to IR2, to a second rat IgE myeloma
      (IR162) and to mouse monoclonal IgE but not rat IgG. The specificity of the anti
      epsilon binding was shown by inhibition studies. The raising of an auto-anti-IgE
      response in PVG.RT1u rats severely depleted the serum level of circulating IgE
      for at least 8 weeks. In BN rats, immunization with IR2 caused marked
      fluctuations in serum IgE levels. The rats in both strains remained healthy
      throughout the experiment. The rate and route of IgE break down was not altered
      in anti-IgE-producing rats. The relevance of the present model in understanding
      and possibly controlling allergic disorders is considered.

PMID- 3872218
TI  - Biochemical events initiated by exposure of human T lymphocyte clones to
      immunogenic and tolerogenic concentrations of antigen.
AB  - Interleukin 2-dependent helper T cells, cloned from human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes activated with strain A influenza virus hemagglutinin, proliferate in
      response to a 24-residue synthetic peptide (p20) of hemagglutinin, but become
      unresponsive to a subsequent immunogenic challenge when pretreated with a high
      concentration of p20. This phenomenon is associated with a loss of the T3 antigen
      complex, presumably in association with the T cell receptor. We have examined
      this phenomenon in more detail and show that in addition to changes in the
      expression of T3 molecules on the cell surface, high doses of p20 cause changes
      in the expression of certain biosynthetically and surface-labeled proteins,
      although total DNA and protein synthesis was unaltered. Thus, by examining these
      biochemical phenomena we can begin to define some of the processes which occur
      during antigen activation of human T lymphocytes at the clonal level.

PMID- 3872219
TI  - Analysis of human T lymphocyte activation in a T cell tumor model system.
AB  - The human T leukemia line Jurkat maintains functional characteristics of normal T
      cells in responding to inducing stimuli by the release of interleukin 2 (IL 2).
      Presence of a phorbol ester during stimulation eliminated the requirement for
      specialized accessory cells in the response to cell mitogenic agents such as the
      lectin concanavalin A or treatment with neuraminidase and galactose oxidase.
      Antibodies directed against the T cell receptor-associated antigen T3 served as
      efficient stimuli, especially if aided by agents that cross-link immunoglobulin,
      indicating that a triggering signal is received by a T cell via aggregation of
      its antigen receptor complex. A Burkitt lymphoma cell line, Raji, was found to
      selectively trigger Jurkat cells, suggesting the ability of those cells to
      respond to certain foreign stimuli. The Jurkat cell line has been instrumental in
      the purification of IL 2 and cloning of the corresponding gene. Our data suggest
      it can also serve as a useful model for induction of T cell responses.

PMID- 3872220
TI  - Human monocyte cytotoxin is not identical with lymphoblastoid lymphotoxin.
AB  - Mononuclear phagocytes and lymphocytes can both synthesize cytotoxins which kill
      certain tumor cell lines and recent evidence suggests that these cytotoxins may
      be identical. In this study, human monocyte cytotoxin and lymphoblastoid
      lymphotoxin have been critically compared in terms of specificity,
      physicochemical characteristics and antigenicity. Despite their similar pattern
      of reactivity with a panel of cell lines, lymphotoxin was less readily adsorbed
      than monocyte cytotoxin by tumor cells. The cytotoxins could also be
      distinguished by their behavior on high performance liquid chromatography and by
      the failure of antibody to monocyte cytotoxin to react with lymphotoxin.

PMID- 3872221
TI  - Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent endonuclease activity in different subpopulations of spleen
      cells from normal and erythroleukemic mice.
AB  - We have detected Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent endonuclease activity in spleen cells of
      normal, Friend erythroleukemic, and phenylhydrazine-treated mice. When nuclei
      were isolated and incubated in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, the activity
      resulted in the production of 3'-OH termini in the cellular DNA and the release
      of chromatin due to internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. This enzyme activity was
      chromatin-bound and could be extracted from chromatin in an active form in 0.35 M
      KCl. The majority of endonuclease activity from erythroleukemic spleens was
      present in nuclei of precursor erythroid cells of low buoyant density (1.025-1.05
      g/ml). Uninfected normal splenic tissue contained an endonuclease activity which
      was almost entirely confined to a B-lymphocyte population of high buoyant density
      (greater than 1.07 g/ml). Erythroid cell-enriched spleens from phenylhydrazine
      treated mice exhibited a distribution of endonuclease activity in cells at low
      and high densities reflecting a mixture of erythroid and lymphoid cells. Cloned
      erythroleukemic cell lines propagated in vitro lacked cells of low density and
      showed no detectable endonuclease activity. However, nuclei from these cell lines
      were susceptible to exogenously added endonuclease extracted from erythroleukemic
      spleen cells. These same cell lines propagated as subcutaneous tumors contained
      endonuclease activity and a morphologically-similar low-density cell population
      which accounted for the endonuclease activity in these tumors. Nuclei from cloned
      lymphoid cell lines, representing different B-lymphocyte phenotypes, showed
      differences in the presence of endonuclease activity. Among the cell lines
      tested, only those expressing late B-cell markers showed detectable endonuclease
      activity.

PMID- 3872222
TI  - Ultrastructural analysis of acute lymphoblastic cells: peanut lectin binding
      correlates with degree of differentiation of the leukemic cells.
AB  - Peanut agglutinin (PNA) has been shown to bind selectively to immature cells.
      Bone marrow cells from some children having acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) bind
      PNA while cells from other ALL patients do not bind, the significance being that
      the patients whose cells bind PNA have a poorer prognosis than those not binding
      PNA. In the present study, PNA was conjugated to horseradish peroxidase and the
      two cell types were compared. Cells binding PNA are immature compared with the
      non-PNA-binding cells.

PMID- 3872223
TI  - Erythroid progenitor cells and stimulating factors during murine embryonic and
      fetal development.
AB  - Murine embryonic and fetal yolk-sacs, peripheral blood, and livers were assayed
      for hemopoietic multipotential and progenitor cell content between days 6 and 13
      of gestation. Multipotential cells (Mix-CFC), erythroid-committed progenitor
      cells (BFU-E), and nonerythroid progenitor cells (predominantly GM-CFC) were
      assayed by their ability to form hemopoietic colonies in vitro when stimulated by
      pokeweed-mitogen-stimulated spleen-cell-conditioned media (as a source of Multi
      CSF) and either human or murine erythropoietin. Late erythroid progenitor cells
      (CFU-E) were stimulated to form colonies by erythropoietin. Mix-CFC, BFU-E, and
      nonerythroid cells were first detected on day 8 in yolk-sacs, day 9 in peripheral
      blood, and day 11 in liver. Maximum absolute numbers of yolk-sac Mix-CFC (182),
      BFU-E (331), and non-erythroid CFC (1358) occurred at 11 days of gestation. The
      maximum frequency of peripheral blood mix-CFC (24/10(5) cells) and BFU-E
      (55/10(5) cells) occurred at ten days of gestation. The absolute numbers of
      hepatic Mix-CFC, BFU-E, nonerythroid CFC, and CFU-E increased exponentially from
      11 to 13 days' gestation. CFU-E were first detected at nine days in peripheral
      blood, at ten days in yolk-sac, and 11 days in liver and at all ages were equally
      responsive to erythropoietin. The maximum frequency (151/10(5) cells) of CFU-E in
      the peripheral blood and the maximum number per yolk-sac (1699) both occurred on
      day 11 of gestation. In confirmation of previous studies, yolk-sac fluid was
      found to contain a macrophage colony-stimulating activity. In addition, an
      activity capable of stimulating fetal liver CFU-E was also detected in yolk-sac
      fluid. However, no activity (Multi-CSF) capable of stimulating Mix-CFC or BFU-E
      was detected in either yolk-sac fluid or fetal plasma.

PMID- 3872224
TI  - Thymic lymphoid-stromal cell complexes in mice: in vitro assay and mechanism of
      the complex formation.
AB  - A quantitative assay was established to analyze in vitro thymic lymphoid-stromal
      cell complex formation. Major parameters of this assay were the number of thymic
      lymphocytes, incubation time, the age of the thymocyte donor, and the source and
      amount of serum used. The majority of complex-forming lymphocytes from normal
      young adult mice were found to have a blastlike morphology, indicating their
      possible origin from the subcapsular zone of the thymus. Changes of complex
      forming cells during thymus development seemed to support this concept. The
      complex formation occurred in two steps: adherence of the lymphocytes to stromal
      cells and subsequent crawling of the lymphocytes under stromal cell cytoplasm.
      The first step was competitively inhibited by a serum activity and the second was
      noncompetitively inhibited by chemicals affecting cytoskeleton. In this assay,
      the behavior of normal complex-forming thymocytes was shown to be similar to that
      previously demonstrated for leukemia thymocytes with respect to morphology of the
      complex as well as the effects of certain inhibitors. This assay should provide
      the means both to analyze the nature of this cell interaction and to explore the
      relationship between thymocyte differentiation and a step in thymic
      leukemogenesis.

PMID- 3872225
TI  - Production of differentiation-stimulating factor for murine leukemic myeloblast
      line by monocytic cells stimulated by a nonpyrogenic muramyl dipeptide
      derivative.
AB  - Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and adjuvant-active derivatives were confirmed as unable
      directly to induce differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia M1 cells. They were,
      however, found effective in stimulating either rabbit macrophages or human blood
      monocytes to produce differentiation-stimulating activity (D factor). The various
      conditioned media (CM) thus obtained were able to induce differentiation of the
      myeloblastic M1 cell line as indicated by the appearance of Fc receptors and
      inhibition of cell proliferation. Among the synthetic glycopeptides inducing the
      production of D factor, murabutide (MDP[Gln]-OnBu) was as effective as MDP,
      although it did not stimulate monocytes to simultaneously release endogenous
      pyrogen. The absence of pyrogenicity in murabutide CM was attested by IV or
      intracerebroventricular administration to rabbits. However, in the same CM,
      LAF(IL1) activity estimated by potentiation of the in vitro proliferative
      response to phytohemagglutinin of mouse thymocytes was usually higher than that
      induced by MDP.

PMID- 3872226
TI  - The immotile cilia syndrome: ultrastructurally heterogeneous and clinically
      homogeneous.

PMID- 3872227
TI  - Pulmonary hypertension associated with portal thrombosis.
AB  - Pulmonary hypertension accompanying portal hypertension is a rare cause of
      plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy, which etiopathogenesis is still unknown. The
      case report presented is that of a young man who underwent surgery at age 8 for
      ruptured esophageal varices associated with portal thrombosis, and who later
      developed pulmonary hypertension which led to death at age 21. Hepatic filtration
      shunt and similarity of this syndrome to pulmonary hypertension subsequent to
      ingestion of the appetite depressant Aminorex suggest the hypothesis that pressor
      substances, not detoxified by the liver, are released into the pulmonary
      circulation.

PMID- 3872229
TI  - Periodic and nonperiodic burst responses of frog (Rana pipiens) retinal ganglion
      cells.
AB  - Neural activity of class 3 retinal ganglion cells was recorded in frog optic
      tectum, using extracellular microelectrodes. The stimuli were rectangular patches
      of contrast (light-on-dark or dark-on-light), applied within the previously
      determined receptive fields, for periods ranging from a few milliseconds to
      several seconds. ON and OFF responses were recorded for as long as 1 s following
      stimulation. Poststimulus time histograms revealed two types of responses,
      labeled periodic and nonperiodic bursters. The periodic bursters were
      characterized by periods of high activity separated by silent or near-silent
      intervals. The bursts occurred rhythmically with frequencies roughly between 15
      and 50 Hz. Nonperiodic bursters generally showed both broad and sharp peaks in
      activity, but no regular periodicities. Activity profiles were flat initially,
      with silent periods appearing after the first few stimulus presentations,
      suggesting an inhibitory nature of the bursting process. The records were shown
      to combine the activities of several neurons. Analysis of the waveforms in real
      time made possible isolation of some units. In these cases, neurons exhibited a
      high degree of selective synchrony, i.e., the sharing of a portion of the
      activity profile, and notable differences at other times. These data have
      implications for the processing of visual information.

PMID- 3872228
TI  - Response of the human vestibulo-ocular reflex following long-term 2x magnified
      visual input.
AB  - This study examines the contribution of predictive motor programming to the
      adjustment of vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gains after exposure to spectacles
      with a 2X magnification. When fully adapted, subjects exhibited two-fold gain
      increases with a 3 Hz sinewave stimulus with both an imaginary earth-fixed and
      imaginary moving target. Before complete adaptation was achieved, quick phases
      embedded in the slow component were observed intermittently which compensated for
      insufficient VOR gain. At 0.5 Hz in the same state of full adaptation during
      fixation of an imaginary earth-fixed target subjects exhibited a gain increase of
      only approximately 75% indicating that the contribution of VOR adjustment is not
      sufficient for perfect visual stabilization at lower frequencies. Over the range
      of random stimulation (0.5-5 Hz), the VOR failed to exhibit complete adaptation.
      The degree of adaptation derived with a VOR-cancellation task was less overall
      than that with a task requiring perfect compensatory eye movements. These
      findings indicate that central motor programmes are required in the adaptive
      process to achieve visual stability.

PMID- 3872230
TI  - Legal abortion in Italy: 1980-1981.
AB  - In 1980 and 1981, there were 446,430 legal abortions performed in Italy. There
      were about 345 legal abortions per 1,000 live births in 1980 and 363 in 1981.
      About 1.6 percent of women aged 15-49 obtained abortions in both years. An
      analysis of the characteristics of Italian women who obtained abortions indicates
      that most were married (about 70 percent), aged 18-36 (74 percent), had had less
      than a high school education (74 percent) and had had at least one previous live
      birth (70-75 percent). In 1981, 88 percent of abortions were obtained in public
      hospitals; 58 percent were carried out at eight or fewer weeks of gestation; and
      78 percent were performed under general anesthesia. Only 20 percent were
      performed without an overnight stay in the hospital; and over 40 percent of women
      were hospitalized for two days or longer. Infection after the abortion was
      reported in only 0.03 percent of cases in 1981, and hemorrhage was reported in
      only 0.27 percent. In 1981, between 43 percent and 84 percent of gynecologists
      (depending on the region of the country) declined to perform abortions on grounds
      of conscience.

PMID- 3872231
TI  - The effect of legal abortion on teenage fertility in Trieste, Italy.

PMID- 3872232
TI  - [Anilides with analgesic and antipyretic activity].
AB  - Several trimethylcyclopentyl and trimethylcyclopentenyl acetanilides, mono- and
      di-substituted on the aromatic nucleus as well as the corresponding acyl
      derivatives from aniline it self and corresponding phenylacetanilides, were
      prepared and tested as analgesics and antipyretics. Several compounds exhibit
      considerable activity in some cases superior to that of acetanilide.

PMID- 3872234
TI  - Munchausen's syndrome: a new variety of bleeding type-self-inflicted
      cheilorrhagia and cheilitis glandularis.
AB  - The unique case of a self-inflicted cheilorrhagia with clinical features of
      Munchausen syndrome and cheilitis glandularis is described. Attention is directed
      to the association of cheilitis glandularis and factitious bleeding. This
      constitutes a new variety of bleeding type Munchausen's syndrome.

PMID- 3872233
TI  - Blood lymphocyte subpopulations studied with monoclonal antibodies in aleukaemic
      stages of mycosis fungoides.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 21 patients with aleukaemic stages of mycosis
      fungoides were studied with monoclonal T cell antibodies. Patients with
      erythematous eruptions or infiltrated plaques (group I) had a higher percentage
      of OKT4+ cells than patients with a tumorous stage (group II) or normal subjects
      (p = 0.05). OKT8+ cells were decreased in group I patients whereas in group II
      they were usually normal or increased (p less than 0.02). These data indicate
      that with advancing stage of the disease a different pattern of imbalance of T
      cell subsets is being established.

PMID- 3872235
TI  - A morphologic study of lymphadenosis benigna cutis.
AB  - Two skin biopsies of lymphadenosis benigna cutis have been analyzed by
      morphological and immunological methods using monoclonal and polyclonal
      antibodies on cryostat and paraffin sections. Follicular structures containing
      active germinal centers are composed of identical cell types as germinal centers
      of normal lymphatic tissue, e.g. centrocytes, centroblasts, immature plasma
      cells, dendritic reticulum cells and some T lymphocytes. Outside and inbetween
      the secondary follicles the infiltrate is composed of small T lymphocytes (OKT
      3+, focal positive acid phosphatase reaction). Among T lymphocytes the OKT-4+ to
      OKT-8+ ratio was 2:1. Within these areas, consisting almost exclusively of T
      lymphocytes, cells with electron microscopical features of indeterminate cells
      and interdigitating reticulum cells were recognized. Those cells are OKT-6+. It
      can be concluded that in lymphadenosis benigna cutis the infiltrate of the dermis
      is composed of B and T cell areas which show the same microarchitecture and
      morphology as in normal lymphatic tissue.

PMID- 3872236
TI  - Distribution of specific androgen binding sites within the ovine ovarian
      follicle.
AB  - Two specific androgen binding sites were characterized in the ovine follicle with
      [3H]DHT, [3H]T and [3H]R-1881 as ligands, different incubation times and a
      charcoal separation step: the first, with characteristics very similar to
      testicular ABP in terms of its capacity, affinity, association and dissociation
      rates and specificity for natural and synthetic androgens, was found in serum,
      follicular fluid and the 27000 X g particulate and cytosol fractions of granulosa
      cells; the second, classic androgen receptors, were found in the cytosol with
      high affinity and low capacity for the synthetic androgen R-1881 and a very slow
      steroid-protein rate of dissociation. Saturation analysis on purified nuclei
      showed only the presence of the androgen receptor binding R-1881 with capacity
      similar to cytosol receptor. Isolated follicles showed a direct correlation
      between the total concentrations of androgen ([3H]-[3H]R-1881) binding sites and
      the follicular diameter. The complex actions which androgens exert on granulosa
      cell function may be mediated by interactions in vivo between these extra- and
      intracellular specific androgen binding proteins.

PMID- 3872237
TI  - Alpha 1-antitrypsin and cancer of the pancreas.
AB  - Serum levels of alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) were measured and phenotypes
      were determined in 47 patients with cancer of the pancreas and in 160 hospital
      controls. The mean value of alpha 1-AT (+/- SEM) in cases with cancer of the
      pancreas was 486 (+/- 18) mg/100 ml, and it was significantly higher than the
      corresponding mean value in controls, which was 434 (+/- 13) mg/100 ml (p
      approximately 0.02). The frequency distribution of the cases of pancreatic cancer
      by alpha 1-AT phenotype was: M1M1 49%, M1M3 21% and other phenotypes 30%, whereas
      the corresponding frequency distribution among controls was: M1M1 53%, M1M3 21%
      and other phenotypes 26%; the two distributions are clearly compatible (p greater
      than 0.50).

PMID- 3872238
TI  - [Resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock in cirrhotics taking propranolol].

PMID- 3872239
TI  - Blastomycosis of the esophagus presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding.
AB  - A patient with abdominal discomfort and hematemesis was found to have lower
      esophageal inflammation on endoscopy. A biopsy specimen from this area showed
      yeast forms of Blastomyces dermatitidis with a polymorphonuclear infiltrate and
      granuloma formation. Extensive evaluation showed no other bleeding site. Sputum
      samples obtained earlier also showed B. dermatitidis. Treatment with amphotericin
      B led to resolution of bleeding and eradication of the fungus on repeat biopsy
      and sputum samples. An esophageal stricture subsequently developed and required
      dilation. Seven previously reported cases of esophageal blastomycosis are
      reviewed.

PMID- 3872240
TI  - Bacteremia during esophageal variceal sclerotherapy: its cause and prevention.
AB  - Eleven consecutive patients underwent a total of 34 esophageal variceal
      sclerotherapy (EVS) sessions for bleeding esophageal varices. Blood cultures were
      drawn pre-, intra-, and post-EVS. All pre- and post-EVS blood cultures were
      negative. Five of the initial nine patients studied were found to have positive
      blood cultures, drawn after a mean of six injections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was
      cultured from the blood in four patients and Flavobacterium from one. The source
      of contamination was found to be contaminated water used during the sclerotherapy
      sessions. By instituting simple techniques to eliminate this contamination,
      patients undergoing the remaining 25 EVS sessions were culture negative.

PMID- 3872241
TI  - Endoscopic Nd:YAG laser therapy for active esophageal variceal bleeding. A
      randomized controlled study.
AB  - A randomized controlled double-blind study was undertaken to assess the efficacy
      and safety of endoscopic neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser therapy
      for active esophageal variceal bleeding. Ten patients were randomized to the
      laser treatment group and 10 to a control group that received sham endoscopy and
      standard medical therapy. Initial hemostasis was achieved in seven laser-treated
      patients but in 0 of 10 controls receiving sham treatment (p less than 0.002).
      However, four of the seven who were initially controlled with laser therapy had
      rebleeding 12 to 48 hours later; thus, three of 10 laser patients had lasting
      hemostasis. The mean blood transfusion requirements were similar in both groups
      (laser = 7.3 units; control = 7.8 units). Six of the 10 laser-treated patients
      were discharged from the hospital and four died. There were seven hospital deaths
      in the control group and three patients were discharged (p = 0.22). In two
      patients in the treatment group, laser therapy increased bleeding. There were no
      perforations.

PMID- 3872242
TI  - Intragastric levarterenol prior to laser phototherapy.

PMID- 3872243
TI  - Solitary rectal ulcer as a cause of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding.

PMID- 3872244
TI  - [Nonpuerperal mastitis--a disease with increasing clinical relevance?].
AB  - During the last few years, a relative increase in the number of patients with non
      puerperal mastitis was recorded. From 1980 to 1983, 51 patients were treated who
      were suffering from an abacterially or bacterially complicated nonpuerperal
      inflammation of the breast tissue. The present paper reports on patients'
      history, clinical symptoms, and the development of this form of mastitis during
      different methods of treatment. The importance of pre-existing lesions of the
      breast tissue and of hormonal data for the pathogenesis is discussed. The authors
      conclude that the administration of prolactin inhibiting drugs is an effective
      therapy. This treatment results in lower rates of abscesses. Long-term therapy
      with bromocryptine can prevent recurrence of this disease.

PMID- 3872245
TI  - [So-called preventive ovarectomy].
AB  - Carcinoma of the ovaries can be prevented by performing the operation known as
      prophylactic oophorectomy, i.e. the simultaneous removal of macroscopically non
      pathological ovaries in laparotomy because of a benign disease (for example, in
      uterus myomatosus). Hence, this operation is advocated on the basis of numerous
      clinical studies, using in most cases derived epidemiological arguments. However,
      model calculations with population-based data from the Federal Republic of
      Germany show that, firstly, the so-called prophylactic oophorectomy cannot be
      justified by means of epidemiological arguments, and, secondly, that no
      epidemiological effect can be expected to materialise from prophylactic
      oophorectomy, since unrealistically high prevalences of oophorectomy or
      hysterectomy must be assumed as essential prerequisites of such an effect. These
      considerations result in the following assessment: In women who are still
      menstruating or who are in their menopausal stage, prophylactic oophorectomy
      cannot be regarded as a generally recommended procedure. This operation is of
      individual significance, but by no means of epidemiological importance, even in
      post-menopausal women.

PMID- 3872246
TI  - [Immunologic status of patients with acquired dyserythropoietic anemia].

PMID- 3872247
TI  - Atypical infections and Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS--radiographic findings.

PMID- 3872248
TI  - The epidemiology of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3872249
TI  - [Postoperative suppurative mediastinitis and the patency of aortocoronary
      shunts].

PMID- 3872250
TI  - Endoscopic diagnosis of a bleeding ileal carcinoid tumour.

PMID- 3872251
TI  - The effect of concentration on hepatic transport of exogenous epidermal growth
      factor.
AB  - Epidermal growth factor (EGF), taken up by rat liver hepatocytes, is primarily
      transported to the lysosomes and degraded. However, a small but significant
      percentage of endocytosed EGF is transported by a nonlysosomal pathway and is
      secreted intact into bile. There is no information as to the mechanisms that
      regulate the selection of transport pathway and thereby determine the different
      metabolic fates for EGF. The experiments reported here were undertaken to
      determine whether the amount of exogenous EGF administered to the liver (the
      transport load) might affect the selection of the transport pathway. If "excess"
      EGF, exceeding some as yet undetermined threshold, is preferentially transported
      by the lysosomal pathway, then the proportion of degraded EGF secreted into bile
      should increase as a function of the amount of EGF administered. 125I-EGF (3 to
      175 ng) was injected into rat portal veins, and bile samples were collected via
      cannula. The radioactivity secreted into bile was measured, and the bile samples
      were immunoprecipitated with anti-EGF antiserum. The proportion of intact vs.
      degraded EGF in bile was determined by the percentage of immunoprecipitable
      radioactivity. Regardless of the amount of EGF injected, the pattern of its
      secretion was unaltered. The percentage of immunoprecipitable EGF in bile was the
      same for all doses. Therefore, the amount of EGF that was degraded did not change
      as a function of EGF concentration, implying that the lysosomal pathway was not
      preferentially utilized as the transport load increased. In conclusion, transport
      load does not appear to be a regulatory mechanism in the selection of transport
      pathway utilized by EGF.

PMID- 3872252
TI  - Facilitation of sexual receptivity in female mice through blockade of adrenal 11
      beta-hydroxylase.
AB  - Ovariectomized mice were given replacement estrogen and progesterone, and tested
      for sexual receptivity in the presence of mounting males after various
      pharmacological manipulations of adrenocortical hormone activity. In Experiment
      I, females received a chronic regimen of varied dosages of metyrapone, which
      blocks adrenal conversion of desoxycorticosterone to corticosterone. In each of
      three repeated measures, females given an intermediate dosage (800
      micrograms/animal/injection) showed substantially higher levels of receptivity
      than those given vehicle injections or other dosages. In Experiment 2,
      corticosterone administration reversed the facilitatory action of metyrapone on
      receptivity. In Experiment 3, chronic administration of either
      desoxycorticosterone or progesterone failed to elevate receptivity. These
      findings suggest that corticosterone titer may play a role in modulating female
      receptivity in sexually inexperienced mice.

PMID- 3872253
TI  - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: an ultrastructural study.
AB  - Blood and a variety of tissues from 97 patients with the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 25 with the AIDS prodrome were studied
      ultrastructurally. Tubuloreticular structures (TRS) were found in 85 per cent of
      the patients with AIDS and in 92 per cent of those with the prodrome. Test tube
      and ring-shaped forms (TRF), found in 41 per cent of the patients with AIDS and
      in 8 per cent of those with the prodrome, increased with disease progression.
      Among the patients with AIDS, as the number of sites examined per case increased,
      the incidence of TRS and TRF tended to approach 100 per cent, suggesting that
      they are present in all patients with AIDS. Other changes seen frequently were
      immunologic capping of blood lymphocytes, intramitochondrial iron in blood
      reticulocytes and marrow normoblasts, megakaryocytic immaturity and platelet
      phagocytosis, collections of membranous rings in hepatocytic cytoplasm,
      suggestive of non-A, non-B hepatitis, and proliferations and engorgement of
      hepatic Ito cells with lipid. The data suggest that TRS and TRF can be used as
      diagnostic and prognostic markers.

PMID- 3872254
TI  - Fatal hemorrhage from a gastric cirsoid aneurysm.
AB  - Gastric cirsoid aneurysm has been reported as a cause of massive bleeding from
      the stomach in less than 50 cases. It is an abnormally wide and tortuous
      submucosal gastric artery that is manifested clinically only subsequent to
      erosion and hemorrhage. A patient is described in whom the source of hemorrhage
      was unrecognized despite angiographic and gastroscopic examinations. Medical
      management was unsuccessful, and the source of fatal hemorrhage was not
      determined until postmortem examination.

PMID- 3872255
TI  - The genetics of tritan disturbances.
AB  - Tritan (blue-green) colour vision disturbances have been found in 79 individuals
      in six families, revealing an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with a wide
      variability of test results within families. Evidence is presented that it is--in
      contradistinction to the X-chromosomally inherited red-green defects--incorrect
      to make a subdivision between dichromasia (tritanopia) and anomalous trichromasia
      (tritanomaly). On the basis of three small screening series, totalling 1900
      individuals, the frequency of tritan disturbances is estimated to be around 2 per
      1000. Seven males have been observed carrying both inherited tritan and red-green
      defects.

PMID- 3872256
TI  - Anaerobes and Gardnerella vaginalis in non-specific vaginitis.
AB  - Clinical evidence of bacterial vaginosis was present in 25 (35%) of 72 patients
      attending a London venereology clinic and correlated significantly with abnormal
      organic acids in vaginal secretions (24/25), with Gardnerella vaginalis on
      culture (17/25), with complaints of vaginal malodour (15/25), and with a relative
      scarcity of white blood cells in vaginal secretions. Anaerobic vaginal flora were
      presumptively identified by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of organic acids
      found in vaginal secretions. The clinical criteria used to diagnose bacterial
      vaginosis included the presence of at least three of the four following
      characteristics: (a) a vaginal pH greater than or equal to 4.5, vaginal
      secretions that (b) were homogeneous, (c) contained "clue" cells, and (d)
      released a "fishy" amine odour when mixed with 10% potassium hydroxide. Because
      17 of the 25 patients with clinical bacterial vaginosis had both chromatographic
      bacterial vaginosis and G vaginalis, causative organisms were difficult to
      identify. None of the six patients who had G vaginalis but not chromatographic
      bacterial vaginosis had clinical bacterial vaginosis, but seven of the 10 women
      with chromatographic bacterial vaginosis but not G vaginalis had clinical
      bacterial vaginosis (p less than 0.02, chi 2 with Yates's correction). This
      finding supports the recent suggestions that anaerobes are important in the
      production of clinical signs of bacterial vaginosis.

PMID- 3872257
TI  - Carriage of Gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobes in semen.
AB  - Gardnerella vaginalis was isolated from 22 (38%) of 58 semen samples obtained
      from men attending an infertility clinic. Counts ranged from 1.2 X 10(3) to
      greater than 10(7) colony forming units (cfu)/ml. There was no association
      between the isolation of G vaginalis and the sperm count. Twenty (34.4%) samples
      contained non-sporing anaerobes and nine (15.5%) both anaerobes and G vaginalis.
      The infective dose of G vaginalis is not known, but semen could act as a medium
      for its sexual transmission.

PMID- 3872258
TI  - [T and B cell reactions in AIDS and AIDS risk groups].
AB  - In addition to T-cell defects AIDS shows a separate B-cell dysfunction. Elevated
      spontaneous IgG-levels (not IgM) and a lacking proliferative and differentiation
      response to polyclonal B-cell activators can be demonstrated in vitro.

PMID- 3872259
TI  - [Histone antibodies: significance in the diagnosis of SLE in comparison to dsDNA
      antibodies and antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens].
AB  - Antibodies to histones of the IgG-class are specific for SLE and can be shown in
      23% of the sera. They are not associated with clinical symptoms of SLE, but with
      dsDNA-antibodies.

PMID- 3872260
TI  - [Detection of T cell independent B cell maturation disorder in cocultivation
      studies in systemic lupus erythematosus].
AB  - Lymphocyte coculture experiments were performed in a case of monozygotic twins,
      discordant for SLE. Lack of responsiveness to T-cell-dependent and independent B
      cell stimulation gave evidence of an intrinsic B-cell defect in the SLE twin.

PMID- 3872261
TI  - In vivo degradation of rat C1q induced by intravenous injection of soluble IgG
      aggregates.
AB  - Immune complexes are able to bind and activate the first component of complement,
      C1. Upon activation of C1, C1r and C1s are rapidly inactivated by C1-In which
      also forms a complex with these two subcomponents, resulting in their release
      from C1-immune aggregate complexes. The fate of C1q after the binding C1 to
      immune complexes in vivo is not clear and, therefore the clearance of
      radiolabelled rat C1q was investigated in normal rats and in rats receiving
      soluble aggregated human IgG. 125I-labelled rat C1q was cleared with a half-life
      (T 1/2) of 12.4 hr in normal rats. Injection of AIgG into rats that had
      previously received 125I-C1q accelerated the clearance of 125I-C1q, resulting,
      finally, in a T 1/2 of 53 min. The levels of circulating endogenous C1q were also
      followed using haemolytic titrations and immunochemical measurements. Directly
      after injection of AIgG into rats, there was a rapid decrease in C1q haemolytic
      activity to less than 25% of the initial value after 10 min. The rate of
      disappearance of C1q antigen, was, however, much slower, the lowest concentration
      being 30% at 2 hr. C1q haemolytic activity and the C1q antigen level returned to
      virtually normal values after 24 hr. Plasma samples were taken at different time
      intervals after the injection of AIgG and subjected to gel filtration on
      Sephacryl S-400 columns. It was found that, in the 10 min samples, C1q antigen
      and C1q haemolytic activity, each with an estimated molecular weight (MW) of
      400,000, were detected together. In addition, there was C1q antigen with a MW of
      less than 69,000 without C1q haemolytic activity. SDS-PAGE analysis of the
      various serum samples indicated that the low MW C1q antigen had an apparent MW of
      25,000. Measurement of uptake of 125I-C1q in various organs indicated that the
      main site of clearance of 125I-C1q is the liver.

PMID- 3872262
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to mouse antigens. II. Characterization of thirty-one anti
      I-J reagents.

PMID- 3872263
TI  - Serum opsonic activity after immunization of adults with Haemophilus influenzae
      type b-diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine.
AB  - We measured the uptake of radiolabeled Haemophilus influenzae type b by human
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Haemophilus influenzae type b strains were
      preopsonized in individual sera from six adults immunized with type b
      polysaccharide vaccine (PRP) or six adults immunized with PRP covalently coupled
      to diphtheria toxoid (PRP-D vaccine). Serum was heat inactivated before use, and
      exogenous human complement was added. Of the 12 subjects, 3 had high levels of
      opsonic activity (greater than 40% of immune control) in their preimmunization
      serum. This activity did not correlate with the concentrations of anti-PRP
      antibody and was unaffected by absorption of anti-PRP antibody. At 1 month after
      vaccination, the serum of PRP-D subjects had higher opsonic activity than that
      from subjects who received PRP (5% serum, mean PRP-D = 86%, mean PRP = 53%, P =
      0.001). After 12 months, both groups had higher serum opsonic activity than
      before immunization (P less than 0.02), but there was no difference between the
      two groups (mean PRP-D = 48%, mean PRP = 51%). In postimmunization serum, opsonic
      activity induced by PRP-D or PRP vaccines correlated directly with anti-PRP
      antibody concentrations as measured by a radioantigen binding assay. We conclude
      that both vaccines induce opsonic activity, opsonic activity induced by
      immunization of adults correlates well with the concentration of anti-PRP
      antibody achieved, and in preimmune sera with low concentrations of anti-PRP
      antibody, factors other than anti-PRP antibody contribute to opsonic activity.

PMID- 3872265
TI  - Adoptive transfer of murine host protection to salmonellosis with T-cell growth
      factor-dependent, Salmonella-specific T-cell lines.
AB  - A spent medium antigen was prepared from the avirulent RIA strain of Salmonella
      typhimurium. Lymph node cells isolated from female BALB/c mice injected
      subcutaneously with the spent medium antigen exhibited antigen-specific
      proliferation. By using these cells and T-cell growth factor, continuous spent
      medium antigen-specific, Thy 1.2-sensitive lines were generated. These cells
      exhibited antigen-specific proliferation in vitro and were effective in inducing
      significant (P less than 0.01) host protection when adoptively transferred to
      naive syngeneic mice.

PMID- 3872264
TI  - Haemophilus influenzae can use human transferrin as a sole source for required
      iron.
AB  - Haemophilus influenzae grown on enriched medium containing protoporphyrin IX
      rather than hemin was iron starved by the addition of the chelator
      ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. Iron starvation could be overcome
      in each of 33 H. influenzae type b isolates by 30% Fe-saturated human transferrin
      but not by human lactoferrin. Among nontypeable H. influenzae, 28 of 35 isolates,
      including 2 of 3 systemic isolates, were able to utilize Fe-transferrin. None of
      18 H. parainfluenzae isolates was able to use Fe-transferrin. Iron starvation of
      H. influenzae type b resulted in increased amounts of three membrane proteins of
      94,000 to 98,000 daltons.

PMID- 3872266
TI  - Suppressive effect of iron on in vitro lymphocyte function: formation of iron
      polymers as a possible explanation.
AB  - The evidence presented here indicates that ferric citrate inhibits both the
      phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte proliferation and the formation of E
      rosettes by T lymphocytes. These inhibitory effects are only observed in the
      presence of ferric citrate with a metal to ligand molar ratio of (1:1) but not
      with ferric citrate (1:20) or sodium citrate. Since ferric citrate (1:1) at a
      physiological pH tends to hydrolyze and polymerize, we suggest that the
      inhibitory effect is mediated by the formation of iron polymers.

PMID- 3872267
TI  - Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue.

PMID- 3872268
TI  - Pulmonary sarcoidosis: pathogenesis, staging and therapy.

PMID- 3872269
TI  - The phthalocyanines: a new class of mammalian cells photosensitizers with a
      potential for cancer phototherapy.
AB  - Phthalocyanines, porphyrin-like compounds with maximum absorption in the red,
      which were previously reported to localize selectively in tumours, have been
      shown to be efficient photosensitizers of mammalian cells in culture, thus making
      them possible candidates to replace haematoporphyrin derivatives in cancer
      phototherapy.

PMID- 3872270
TI  - Methionyl----tyrosyl radical transitions initiated by Br2-. in peptide model
      systems and ribonuclease A.
AB  - A series of radical transitions, Br2-.----Met(S therefore Br)----Trp(indolyl)---
      Tyr (phenoxyl), has been demonstrated by pulse radiolysis of N2O-saturated
      aqueous solutions containing Br-, Met-Gly and Trp-(Gly)2-Tyr at pH 6.7. The
      intramolecular Met(S therefore Br)----Trp(indolyl) transition in the dipeptide
      Met-Trp is shown to proceed via the Trp+. radical cation, with a rate constant of
      k approximately 10(7)s-1, consistent with an electron transfer. Br2-.-attack upon
      ribonuclease A (RNase) leads to a fast Met(S therefore Br)----Tyr(phenoxyl)
      process, k = (4.0 +/- 1.0) X 10(5)s-1, probably involving the solvent-exposed Met
      29 and the adjacent Tyr-25. Phenoxyl dimerization in the RNase system produces
      the characteristic o,o'-biphenol fluorescence, but a competing interaction of the
      Tyr-25(phenoxyl) with the 26-84 disulphide group also appears possible.

PMID- 3872271
TI  - Interaction of radiation-generated radicals with myoglobin in aqueous solution.
      III. Effects of oxygen and catalase on the product distribution in solutions of
      ferrimyoglobin containing N2O.
AB  - The gamma-radiolysis of aqueous solutions of ferrimyoglobin in the presence of
      N2O at pH 7.3 has been examined as a function of added catalase and oxygen.
      Changes in the nature of the heme group have been monitored by visible absorption
      spectrophotometry and analysed quantitatively by a multiple wavelength method
      based on Beer's Law. Simple chemical analyses have been used to confirm
      qualitative identification of the product derivatives. As observed previously,
      the ferriheme is reduced by indirect globin-mediated action initiated by OH/H.
      The yield of reduced product decreases as [O2] increases. Conversion to
      ferrimyoglobin through the participation of H2O2 derived from irradiated water
      and from protein-mediated processes in oxygenated solution, is eliminated by the
      presence of catalase. Formation of a hemichrome form of ferrimyoglobin is
      apparent at higher doses in the presence of O2. These results demonstrate that
      oxygen plays an important role in controlling the nature and extent of redox that
      manifests ultimately on the heme group of ferrimyoglobin as a result of the
      initial interaction of OH/H.

PMID- 3872273
TI  - Effect of methylene blue and illumination on the process of differentiation of
      the protozoan Herpetomonas samuelpessoai.
AB  - Herpetomonas samuelpessoai is a non-pathogenic protozoan that shares important
      antigens with Trypanosoma cruzi (the agent of Chagas' disease) and which shows
      three developmental stages: promastigote, paramastigote and the highly
      differentiated form opisthomastigote. Due to the difficulties in obtaining the
      last form, its physiology and biochemistry are not well understood, and
      procedures which can induce the process of differentiation promastigote
      opisthomastigote are desirable. In this work we show that illumination of H.
      samuelpessoai with white light in the presence of methylene blue and oxygen
      (photodynamic effect) triggers the process of differentiation in a very efficient
      manner (the cultures show up to 70 per cent of the cells in the opisthomastigote
      form). We also observed that illumination alone and incubation with methylene
      blue in the dark can trigger the process but in levels markedly lower than
      illumination in the presence of the dye.

PMID- 3872272
TI  - Role of chromatin structure in the repair of DNA photoproducts in mammalian
      cells.
AB  - Chinese hamster ovary cells were irradiated with u.v. light and chromatin was
      isolated and fractionated according to magnesium-solubility in low ionic strength
      conditions. The minor, magnesium-soluble chromatin fraction was demonstrated to
      be enriched by over three-fold in transcriptionally active sequences and had
      proteins associated with it characteristic of transcriptionally active chromatin.
      Using a sensitive radioimmunoassay for u.v.-induced DNA photoproducts, we have
      shown that there are no differences in either induction or repair of u.v. DNA
      photoproducts in chromatin fractions from cells irradiated at low u.v. fluence.

PMID- 3872275
TI  - Association for Radiation Research. Abstracts of papers. Newcastle upon Tyne, 18
      20 December 1984.

PMID- 3872274
TI  - Histopathological changes in the ovary following acute and chronic low-level
      tritium exposure to mice in vivo.
AB  - Swiss albino mice were exposed to various doses of tritiated water, either
      through intraperitoneal injection (acute) or orally (chronic) for various lengths
      of time. The ovaries were examined for qualitative histopathological and
      quantitative changes in the number of oocytes. All experimental groups displayed
      varying degrees of dose dependent radiolesions. It was found that chronic
      irradiation was more damaging than multiple weekly injection, which in turn was
      more damaging than a single injection. Also, radiosensitivity varied with the age
      of the mice.

PMID- 3872276
TI  - The induction by 224Ra of myeloid leukaemia and osteosarcoma in male CBA mice.
AB  - Radium-224 was injected into 12-week-old male CBA mice in the range 2-64 kBq per
      mouse either as a single injection or as eight injections spaced at 3.5 day
      intervals over 4 weeks. Small but significant yields of myeloid leukaemia or
      osteosarcoma were obtained in all but the control groups. An effect of mode of
      administration (single or multiple injections) could not be demonstrated but the
      combined results showed: a maximum yield of myeloid leukaemia in the region 8-16
      kBq 224Ra; a greater yield of osteosarcoma than myeloid leukaemia at 64 kBq 224
      Ra injected.

PMID- 3872277
TI  - Iodine-125 induced micronuclei and sperm head abnormalities in mice.
AB  - Swiss albino mice were injected with 0 (controls) 5, 10 or 15 microCi of iodine
      125 (125I) and a high incidence of micronuclei in young bone marrow erythrocytes
      and of sperm head abnormalities was observed. The percentage of polychromatic
      erythrocytes containing micronuclei in mice treated with 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5
      microCi of 125I administered twice (at 30 and 6 h before sampling) was 0.23,
      0.44, 0.56 and 0.72, respectively. The percentage (mean) of abnormal sperm
      recorded in controls during 1-3, 4-5 and 6-8 weeks was 3.3, 3.7 and 3.7
      respectively, whereas the values for the same periods in the 5 microCi (5.5, 6.4
      and 7.3), 10 microCi (7.7, 8.4 and 10.0) and 15 microCi (10.3, 9.9 and 10.2)
      groups were significantly higher. These results suggest that 125I can induce
      genetic damage in both somatic and germ cells.

PMID- 3872278
TI  - Age associated alteration in DNA damage and repair capacity in Turbatrix aceti
      exposed to ionizing radiation.
AB  - Excision repair capacity was measured in young and old Turbatrix aceti (phylum
      Nematoda) following exposure to ionizing radiation. Both repair synthesis and
      removal of 5,6-dihydroxydihydrothymine type (glycol) base damage were
      quantitated. At least two-fold higher glycol levels were produced in the DNA of
      young than of old nematodes for the same radiation dose. Young worms also excised
      glycol damage more rapidly and completely than old worms. Both peak repair
      synthesis activity and completion of repair synthesis occurred at earlier times
      during post-irradiation incubation in young nematodes. The data indicate there is
      a significant age-associated difference in both the incidence and removal of
      ionizing radiation damage in T. aceti which is used as a model of the ageing
      process.

PMID- 3872279
TI  - Unequal modification of the thermal survival responses of clonal human colon
      carcinoma cell lines by decreased pH.
AB  - We have investigated the responses of two closely related human colon tumour
      lines (clone A and clone D) to hyperthermic cell killing in vitro under two
      conditions of environmental acidity (pH values 7.40 and 6.75). At pH 7.40, under
      prolonged exposure to 42.5 degrees C, both lines exhibited biphasic response
      curves with thermotolerance appearing at about 4 h of continuous heating. It was
      found that the clone D human tumour line was more resistant to hyperthermic
      inactivation than the clone A line. At pH 6.75, both lines exhibited increased
      sensitivity to heating killing at 42.5 degrees C, but it was found that the
      effect was unequally demonstrated by the two human tumour lines (i.e. decreased
      pH was not acting simply as a dose modifying agent). Specifically, clone A
      exhibited a much greater hyperthermic sensitivity in the thermotolerant region of
      survival (i.e. a heating time of 4 h or more) than did clone D. Clinically, this
      result would suggest that although potential pH sensitization of heterogeneous
      tumours to hyperthermic cell killing may vary in a random manner among tumour
      cell subpopulations within a given tumour, the increased heat sensitivity found
      may produce isosurvival results for equal heating times for the different
      subpopulations.

PMID- 3872280
TI  - Analysis of the expression of the two major proteins of the 70 kilodalton
      mammalian heat shock family.
AB  - This study compares the expression after heat shock of the two major variants of
      the mammalian 70 kilodalton heat shock family in three separate systems. The
      ability of wild type and temperature sensitive mutant (ts85) FM3A cells to elicit
      a heat shock response following a 45 degrees C, 12 min exposure was examined. The
      ts85 cells were found to be both significantly more thermosensitive than parent
      FM3A cells and to induce a 66kDa heat shock protein (hsp66) not visibly
      synthesized in the parent line by this exposure. However, a constitutive
      (synthesized at 37 degrees C) 68kDa heat shock protein (hsp68) is comparably
      induced in both cell lines after heat. A relationship between the severity of the
      heat exposure as seen by the cell and hsp66 expression is suggested and tested in
      Chinese hamster ovary cells. In CHO cells a brief 45 degrees C heat shock induces
      the constitutive hsp68 (but not hsp66), while longer and more severe exposures
      are required for the expression of hsp66. The induction of these two proteins is
      also examined in situ in mouse skeletal muscle. In this case both hsp66 and hsp68
      are induced following comparatively mild heat treatments, and the 'threshold' for
      hsp66 induction observed in cultured cells either does not occur or is greatly
      reduced. However, once again, hsp68 is naturally synthesized at 37 degrees C
      while hsp66 appears to be de novo synthesized after heat shock.

PMID- 3872282
TI  - Membrane damage and its repair in the thermophilic bacterium, Thermus
      thermophilus HB-8 exposed to u.v. radiation and 60Co gamma-rays.
AB  - When exposed to either u.v. radiation or 60Co gamma-rays, the thermophilic
      bacterium, Thermus thermophilus HB-8, which can grow at 49-85 degrees C, lost its
      ability to take up extracellular K+ in a dose-dependent manner. However, the loss
      was reduced by incubation at 37 degrees C after exposure to u.v. radiation or
      gamma-rays. Cell survival after exposure to 60Co gamma-rays, as measured by
      colony formation, was increased by incubation at 37 degrees C after exposure,
      whereas cell survival after u.v. radiation was not. These results, therefore,
      indicate that the loss of ability of cells to take up K+ after u.v. radiation was
      not due to cell death but some damage to the membrane itself, and that the
      membrane damage can be repaired. Lipid peroxidation is not responsible for the
      membrane damage, because HB-8 cells do not contain unsaturated fatty acids in
      their membranes.

PMID- 3872281
TI  - Electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes exposed to accelerated helium nuclei or
      to gamma-rays, as modified by adeturone.
AB  - The electrophoretic mobility of human erythrocytes exposed in whole blood or in
      cell suspensions to relatively low doses (0.7-2.5 Gy) of accelerated helium
      nuclei (4.6 GeV/nucleon) or of gamma-rays was found to diminish with increase in
      radiation dose, as measured at 3 h post-irradiation. Pre-treatment with a
      radioprotectant, adeturone (S-2-aminoethylisothiuronium adenosine-5'
      triphosphate), allowed electrophoretic mobility to be maintained within normal
      limits, with more stable values in the case of alpha-irradiations. The
      experimental evidence is discussed in terms of the protectant's involvement in
      repair of radiation-induced conformational changes in surface membrane
      components.

PMID- 3872283
TI  - Survival of human normal thyroid cells after X-ray irradiation.
AB  - Normal thyroid cells from 25 individuals treated surgically for malignant or
      benign thyroid tumour were cultured in vitro and radiation induced cytotoxicity
      was studied. The mean lethal dose (Do), quasi-threshold (Dq), and extrapolation
      number (n) of survival curves of actively dividing thyroid cells assayed by
      colony formation were estimated to be 92.9 +/- 2.8 cGy (rad), 58.1 +/- 6.9 cGy
      and 2.0 +/- 0.1, respectively (average for 25 individuals +/- standard error).
      These results suggest that proliferating human thyroid cells are more sensitive
      to X-rays than most other nonhaematologic mammalian cells in similar assays. Cell
      survival was not significantly affected by sex, age, disease or exposure to
      atomic bomb radiation of the cell donor. However, the number of samples currently
      available is too small for definite conclusions in this regard.

PMID- 3872284
TI  - An 'incomplete-repair' model for survival after fractionated and continuous
      irradiations.
AB  - An incomplete-repair (IR) model of survival after fractionated or continuous
      irradiation is derived from the concept of 'dose-equivalent' of incomplete
      repair. The model gives reasonably good predictions of the effect of
      interfraction interval, dose per fraction, and dose rate on cell survival in vivo
      and on tissue responses. This model is compared to the 'lethal, potentially
      lethal' (LPL) model after the latter has been generalized to an arbitrary number
      of fractions and to low dose-rate, continuous exposures. It is shown that the two
      models are equivalent, given certain constraints on the size of dose per fraction
      and dose rate. For example, in a particular cell line the equivalence of
      fractionation models breaks down if dose per fraction is well in excess of 4 Gy
      (the IR model employs the linear-quadratic survival model). The equivalence of
      low dose rate models breaks down for dose rates well in excess of 20 cGy/min. The
      assumptions on which the generalized LPL model is based are used to give a
      radiobiological interpretation to the incomplete-repair model. The larger
      beta/alpha ratio characteristic of late-responding normal tissues is interpreted
      in terms of the relatively faster fixation of potentially reparable lesions in
      the target cells of acutely responding tissues, on account of progression in the
      cell cycle. According to this interpretation the beta/alpha ratios estimated from
      isoeffective fractionation regimens are directly related to the parameters of
      clonogenic cell killing.

PMID- 3872285
TI  - A cautionary note on the use of BUdR when determining micronucleus frequencies.

PMID- 3872287
TI  - Conditioning-related single unit activity in the frontal cortex of urethane
      anesthetized rats.
AB  - Responses of frontal cortex single units to a tone preceding medial forebrain
      bundle (MFB) stimulation were recorded in urethane anesthetized rats. The animals
      were implanted with monopolar electrodes for MFB stimulation and, following
      recovery, stimulation parameters which supported self-stimulation were determined
      for each rat. Prior to the unit recording experiment, the animals were trained to
      associate a 2-sec tone with MFB stimulation. Trials were presented at variable
      intervals. Under urethane anesthesia, single units were isolated and the
      responses of units to paired and unpaired tones were determined. The results
      indicate that conditioning-related responses of frontal cortex single units can
      be recorded in urethane anesthetized rats.

PMID- 3872286
TI  - Conditioned cortical slow potential responses in urethane anesthetized rats.
AB  - Cortical slow potential (SP) responses to tone or light stimuli preceding medial
      forebrain bundle (MFB) stimulation were recorded in urethane anesthetized rats.
      In the first study, rats were implanted with Ag-AgCl electrodes for recording
      frontal cortex SPs as well as monopolar electrodes for MFB stimulation. Following
      recovery, optimum stimulation parameters for SP conditioning were determined for
      each rat during self-stimulation sessions. These animals were then subjected to
      extensive associative conditioning in the unanesthetized state. Trials were
      presented at variable intervals and a 2-sec tone preceded a single 0.5 sec train
      of MFB stimulation. Negative SP responses developed with training and responses
      of similar waveform and amplitude were observed in the same animals under
      urethane anesthesia. Other rats were implanted with MFB stimulating electrodes
      and, after recovery, stimulation parameters were determined as above but the
      animals were not subjected to the conditioning procedure prior to urethane
      administration. Under urethane anesthesia, Ag-AgCl electrodes were placed on the
      dura over frontal cortex for recording SP responses during pseudoconditioning,
      conditioning, extinction and retraining trials, using either light or tone
      stimuli. Negative bilateral SP responses to the tone or light were minimal or
      nonexistent during pseudoconditioning, developed gradually with pairing,
      diminished markedly during extinction and returned to maximum amplitude with
      retraining. The SP responses also reflected discrimination between reinforced and
      nonreinforced tone and light stimuli as well as reversal conditioning.
      Furthermore, turning off a light could also serve as the conditioned stimulus for
      SP response generation. Cortical slow potential responses can be conditioned in
      urethane anesthetized rats. Therefore, it may be possible to apply additional
      neurophysiological techniques in these animals to investigate event-related slow
      potential mechanisms.

PMID- 3872288
TI  - Colonoscopic findings in patients with hemorrhoids, rectal bleeding and normal
      rectoscopy.
AB  - Within a period of 18 months, 387 patients were referred to the Proctologic
      Service at the Chaim Sheba Medical Center because of recurrent rectal bleeding.
      Hemorrhoids were found in 194 of these patients and further investigation showed
      that 45 of the 194 patients (23.2%) had other coexisting colonic pathology (12
      cancers, 28 polyps, 4 inflammatory bowel diseases and 1 angiodysplasia). Sixteen
      of 40 patients with diverticulosis and 13 of 30 patients with hemoglobin less
      than 11 g/dl had additional colonic pathology. Single-contrast barium enema,
      which was used in this survey for screening of the colon, proved to be
      inaccurate. In view of the issue of cost-effectiveness, this study suggests that
      patients with recurrent rectal bleeding and hemorrhoids (Grades II and III) who
      had normal rectoscopy should be further investigated by double-contrast barium
      enema if they are greater than 40 years of age. All patients with anemia,
      diverticulosis or abnormal findings in barium enema should undergo total
      colonoscopy.

PMID- 3872289
TI  - Improvement of freeze-fracture autoradiography for localization of soluble
      substances in tissue samples.
AB  - Freeze-fracture autoradiography is accepted as an adequate technique for
      localization studies of soluble substances at the electron microscopical level.
      The method, however, involves many critical preparation steps, among them a
      protective carbon coating of the developed nuclear emulsion adhering to the
      replica. We demonstrate here that this additional carbon coating may be omitted.
      This simplification leads to a significant improvement of the sample yield as
      compared with the previously described procedures.

PMID- 3872290
TI  - Expression of extra class I major histocompatibility antigens on T-cell acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) lymphoblasts.
AB  - The presence of extra HLA antigens has been demonstrated, serologically and
      biochemically, on the surface of lymphoblasts from a patient with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia of the T-cell subtype (T-ALL). Family analysis of this
      patient revealed the presence of the expected antigens, plus an additional HLA
      antigen (A24) which could be demonstrated by cytotoxicity on the lymphoblasts.
      Absorption studies revealed that the lymphoblasts had the ability to remove
      cytotoxic antibodies from alloantisera; similarly, absorption of these
      alloantisera with normal cells removed the reaction against the extra antigen
      from the lymphoblasts. The extra HLA molecules were also demonstrated by one
      dimensional IEF. Two heavy chain-like molecules, together with the beta 2m
      subunit, were obtained after removal of appropriate antigens from externally
      labeled leukemia cells by the use of monoclonal antibody W6/32, which detects a
      class I specific determinant. The pI of the one heavy chain was shown to be very
      similar to that of the serologically detected A24. Our data thus suggest that the
      extra antigens detected by serological reagents may have been due to activation
      of silent class I MHC gene(s) at the protein level.

PMID- 3872291
TI  - Dissection of human allostimulatory determinants with cloned T cells: stimulation
      inhibition by monoclonal antibodies TU22, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 43, and 58 against
      distinct human MHC class II molecules.
AB  - Alloantigenic determinants causing secondary lymphoproliferative responses of
      primed T cells were investigated by blocking stimulation with monoclonal
      antibodies TU22, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 43, and 58 binding differentially to HLA-DR
      and SB or MB associated molecules. In particular, the use of cloned and
      functionally defined T cell responders greatly facilitated the assignment of
      stimulator-level inhibition caused by these antibodies. Thus, a novel way of
      functional "mapping" for stimulatory epitopes for sets of clones with
      restimulation specificities associated with HLA-D, SB, MB, or hitherto
      unidentified class II determinants is presented here. This considerably helps to
      elucidate the distinct immunoregulatory roles of the three major class II
      alloantigen systems thus far defined.

PMID- 3872292
TI  - Gastrointestinal bleeding.

PMID- 3872293
TI  - Granulocytopoietic precursor cells and regulatory factors in irradiated human
      bone marrow.
AB  - The effects of irradiation on committed granulopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-C)
      and granulopoietic humoral regulators were studied in 17 X-ray treated patients
      with carcinoma of the breast or of the prostate. After 45 or 70 Gy, the CFU-C
      decreased to 14 +/- 10% in irradiated areas. This remaining CFU-C population
      probably reflects a combination of radioresistance and survival in situ, and
      migration of CFU-C from protected marrow areas. The frequency of peripheral blood
      CFU-C did not change after irradiation. Endogenous colony stimulating activity
      (CSA), i.e., release of CSA within the marrow cell population, in post
      irradiation bone marrow persisted on roughly the same level, indicating a fairly
      low radiosensitivity of the CSA-producing cells in the bone marrow. Colony
      stimulating activity in peripheral blood cells and serum remained unchanged, but
      there were great interindividual variations, and some of the patients with
      hypercellularity and CFU-C increase in nonirradiated marrow areas also had
      increased CSA. Serum lipoprotein inhibitors were higher in the post-treatment
      patients than in healthy control patients.

PMID- 3872294
TI  - Characterization of the plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase in Branhamella
      catarrhalis, with special reference to substrate affinity.
AB  - The plasmid-mediated Branhamella catarrhalis beta-lactamase BRO-1, also found in
      Moraxella nonliquefaciens, was characterized as regards substrate profile,
      isoelectric point and relative substrate affinity index (RSAI) to various
      substrates and compared in these aspects with the TEM-1 enzyme of Haemophilus
      influenzae. As measured by a biological assay and with high performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC), BRO-1 was found to hydrolyse carbenicillin, mecillinam,
      methicillin and cefaclor with a higher rate than TEM-1. The only substrates
      having a relative rate of hydrolysis higher for TEM-1 than for BRO-1 were
      ampicillin and cephaloridine. The rates of hydrolysis registered with these two
      methods were comparable for all but 2 of 13 tested substrates. Isoelectric
      focusing yielded a main band at pH 5.6 and several satellite bands consistent
      with those reported by other authors for Branhamella enzymes having a substrate
      profile similar to that of BRO-1. A tenfold or higher difference in RSAI between
      BRO-1 and TEM-1 was recorded for five of the 15 compounds tested. BRO-1 seems to
      be the most common beta-lactamase in Bran. catarrhalis, irrespective of
      geographic origin. Its substrate profile, isoelectric pattern and RSAI differ
      from those of other known plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases described, thus
      justifying a specific designation.

PMID- 3872295
TI  - Antibiotic susceptibility of clinical isolates of clostridia.
AB  - Over a 2 1/2 year period 361 clinical isolates of clostridia, representing 28
      species, were tested for susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobial agents.
      Penicillin resistant strains were tested for their ability to produce beta
      lactamase: of the commonly isolated species only Clostridium
      beijerinckii/butyricum produced the enzyme. Cl. perfringens exhibited a low
      incidence of resistance to all of the agents tested. Cl. difficile showed a high
      degree of resistance to penicillin and clindamycin, whilst all strains were
      sensitive to vancomycin. Chloramphenicol and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid were
      found to be highly active against most clostridia; metronidazole was the only
      agent to which no resistance was demonstrable.

PMID- 3872296
TI  - Antibiotic susceptibility of blood and cerebrospinal fluid isolates of
      Haemophilus influenzae.
AB  - One hundred and sixty-nine blood and cerebrospinal fluid isolates of Haemophilus
      influenzae, collected in the Province of Ontario from children and adults from
      1976 to 1983, were tested for susceptibility to six conventional and eight newer
      antibacterial drugs. Most active were ceftriaxone, ceftizoxime and cefotaxime
      (MIC90 less than or equal to 0.02 mg/l); latamoxef (moxalactam), acrosoxacin and
      ceftazidime were close behind with MIC90s in the 0.05-0.09 mg/l range. Twenty
      five strains (14.8%) were beta-lactamase-producing and thus resistant to
      ampicillin. There were no chloramphenicol-resistant strains. The isolates showed
      intermediate but still clinically useful susceptibility to trimethoprim,
      rifampicin, cefuroxime, piperacillin and chloramphenicol and were least
      susceptible to gentamicin and sulphamethoxazole.

PMID- 3872297
TI  - A model to show the role of extracellular beta-lactamases in mediating
      staphylococcal resistance.
AB  - Considerable amounts of extracellular beta-lactamase are liberated from
      penicillin-resistant staphylococci into the surrounding medium. The accumulation
      of exoenzyme in conventional in-vitro test systems may result in rapid
      inactivation of hydrolysable antibiotics, while in vivo the concentration of
      extracellular beta-lactamase varies depending on the site of infection. Using a
      new open test model designed to eliminate the effect of exoenzyme, it could be
      shown that resistance of beta-lactamase-producing staphylococci to mezlocillin as
      seen in the broth dilution test was mediated predominantly by the extracellular
      beta-lactamase fraction. Animal experiments suggested that mezlocillin may
      exhibit a therapeutic effect against beta-lactamase-producing staphylococci under
      certain conditions in vivo which prevent build-up of exoenzyme.

PMID- 3872298
TI  - Transfer of genetic information within a colony of Haemophilus influenzae.
AB  - Different Haemophilus cultures were mixed and then spotted onto an agar plate.
      These mixed colonies were incubated at 37 degrees C and then scored for the
      presence of recombinants. It was found that conjugative plasmids transferred very
      efficiently and quickly under these conditions, but only between cells of the
      same species. Four small plasmids did not transfer at all, nor were they
      mobilized by the two conjugative plasmids studied. Chromosomal markers
      transferred very inefficiently. The evidence favored transfer by genetic
      transformation rather than by conjugation. When mixed cultures were inoculated
      into broth and then incubated, the transfer of conjugative plasmids was not
      observed. Transfer of chromosomal markers occurred only when the media used
      contained Eugonbroth in addition to brain heart infusion, and even then it was
      very inefficient. The addition of DNase completely eliminated such transfers.
      This and other evidence indicate that in cell suspensions, chromosomal marker
      transfer also occurs through transformation. A corrected map of several genetic
      markers is presented.

PMID- 3872299
TI  - Isolation and properties of recombinant DNA produced variants of human alpha 1
      proteinase inhibitor.
AB  - Using the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter, nonglycosylated
      human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, representing 10% of the soluble cell protein,
      has been synthesized in yeast. Two forms of this protein were isolated with one
      being analogous to the human plasma protein and the other having the amino acid
      valine replacing methionine at position 358 (the P1 position). Both proteins were
      more sensitive to heat inactivation than the plasma form, and both had shorter
      half-lives in rabbits. These differences were presumably due to the absence of
      carbohydrate. Each protein could bind neutrophil elastase at a rate only slightly
      slower than that of human plasma alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. However, the
      valine variant was stable to oxidation, while the P1 methionine-containing
      protein was readily inactivated. The specificity of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor
      (methionine) was identical to that of the plasma form; however, the valine form
      could only effectively bind to neutrophil or pancreatic elastase, "trypsin-like"
      serine proteinases not being inactivated at all. These data indicate the
      potential importance of mutant forms of proteinase inhibitors, produced by
      recombinant DNA technology, as therapeutic agents for the inactivation of excess
      proteinases of a specific type in tissues.

PMID- 3872300
TI  - Treatment of recalcitrant non-union with a capacitively coupled electrical field.
      A preliminary report.
AB  - Twenty-two well established non-unions in twenty patients were treated with a
      capacitively coupled electrical signal (sine wave, sixty kilohertz, five volts
      peak to peak) that was applied non-invasively through stainless-steel capacitor
      plates placed on the skin surface overlying the approximate site of the non
      union. The average age of the eleven female and nine male patients in this series
      was 38.4 years, and the average duration of the twenty-two non-unions was 3.3
      years. Seventeen of the non-unions were labeled recalcitrant, meaning that they
      had failed to heal after either previous bone-grafting or another type of
      electrical stimulation, or both. Five of the non-unions had not been previously
      treated. Seventeen (77.3 per cent) of the non-unions achieved solid osseous union
      after an average of 22.5 weeks of treatment with capacitive coupling. The results
      in this small series were not affected by the non-union being recalcitrant, by
      the fact that one patient bore full weight on the extremity in a cast, by the
      presence of osteomyelitis, or by the presence of remaining metallic internal
      fixation devices in the bone. Since capacitive coupling is non-invasive, involves
      portable equipment, allows full weight-bearing on the lower extremity in a cast,
      is easy to apply, and does not require precise localization of the capacitor
      plates, it has distinct advantages over other methods of treating non-union with
      electricity.

PMID- 3872301
TI  - Conservative treatment for idiopathic scoliosis.

PMID- 3872302
TI  - Cytostasis of tumor cell lines by promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60
      differentiated to granulocyte lineage.
AB  - The human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60, when cultured in medium
      containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G
      CSF), stopped dividing and differentiated into cells with granulocyte
      characteristics. We found that differentiated HL60 cells have no detectable
      cytolytic activity against cultured human bladder cell line (T24 cell), as
      measured by release of (3H) thymidine, or against K562 cells, as measured by
      release of chromium-51. Differentiated HL60 cells inhibited incorporation of (3H)
      thymidine into the DNA of adherent T24 cells. Decreased incorporation was not
      caused by detachment of the target T24 cells from the culture wells. The degree
      of cytostasis was dependent on the E/T ratio, with a 70%-80% inhibition usually
      reached at the E/T ratio of 200:1. A wide variety of target cells was also shown
      to be sensitive to differentiated HL60 cell-mediated cytostasis.

PMID- 3872303
TI  - Oesophageal varices in schistosomiasis: treatment with a modified Warren's distal
      splenorenal shunt.
AB  - Thirty-five patients of bleeding oesophageal varices were treated by modified
      Warren's distal splenorenal procedure. In this procedure the spleen was removed.
      The value of the technique in maintaining liver perfusion, and relieving
      hypersplenism is discussed.

PMID- 3872304
TI  - Papaverine hydrochloride as an adjunct to asanguinous cardioplegia, is it
      beneficial?
AB  - Papaverine hydrochloride was added to a standard asanguinous cardioplegic
      solution to study its effect on cardioplegic distribution by evaluating coronary
      resistance, myocardial temperature, and postoperative enzyme changes. Seventeen
      patients were randomized into a control group (8 patients) and a papaverine group
      (9 patients). All patients received 300 cc of a standard asanguinous cardioplegic
      solution into the aortic root after systemic cooling to 28 degrees C and
      measurement of septal temperature (To). The duration of infusion (t1), root
      pressure (p1), and septal temperature (T1) were recorded. All patients received a
      subsequent infusion of 200 cc of cardioplegia to which had been added either 10
      cc normal saline (control group) or 1 mg papaverine hydrochloride in 10 cc normal
      saline (papaverine group). Time of infusion, root pressure, and septal
      temperature (t2, p2, T2) were recorded. Coronary resistance was calculated.
      Postoperative CPK and CPK-MB were recorded and compared. Mean high CPK in the
      papaverine group was 163 units and 182 units in the control group. There was no
      statistically significant difference in any parameter between groups. This study,
      in contradistinction to experience with animal research models, failed to
      demonstrate any significant value in adding papaverine hydrochloride to standard
      cardioplegic solutions.

PMID- 3872305
TI  - An approach to a selection system for adenosine-deaminase-positive (ADA+) cells
      and detection of rat ADA+ "revertants".
AB  - We have substituted deoxyadenosine or adenosine for hypoxanthine in the standard
      HAT selection system in an attempt to select for ADA-normal (ADA+) cells. ADA-
      human lymphoid line cells could not utilize deoxyadenosine as an alternative to
      hypoxanthine as a purine source (DAT) and failed to grow but were only somewhat
      inhibited in growth when adenosine was substituted for hypoxanthine (AAT). In
      contrast, ADA+ cells utilized adenosine or deoxyadenosine as efficiently as
      hypoxanthine as a purine source. Growth in DAT, but not in HAT, of an artificial
      mixture of one ADA+ human lymphoid cells in 1,000 ADA- cells resulted in
      enrichment of ADA+ cells to 25-86% of total cells. When we grew a rat ADA- cell
      line in two variations of the DAT system, we detected at least three
      electrophoretically different ADA+ patterns, one of which corresponded to normal
      rat ADA. These could represent "revertants."

PMID- 3872306
TI  - Enhancement of colony-stimulating-factor--dependent clonal growth of murine
      macrophage progenitors and their phagocytic activity by retinoic acid.
AB  - The effect of retinoic acid (RA) on the colony-stimulating-factor-dependent
      clonal growth of myeloid progenitors was assessed in semisolid agar cultures of
      mouse bone marrow cells using L-cell-conditioned medium that gave rise to
      macrophage colonies, granulocyte colonies, and mixed macrophage-granulocyte
      colonies and clusters. RA was found to enhance the overall formation of myeloid
      colonies (about 50%) and clusters in 7-day cultures. The increase was due to an
      enhanced formation of macrophage colonies (70-250%) and clusters which reached a
      maximal value at about 3 microM RA. In 4-day cultures, the effect of RA on
      macrophage colony formation was biphasic with a maximal enhancement at 10 nM. RA
      suppressed granulocyte-colony formation in 4-day cultures. RA increased the
      phagocytic activity of bone-marrow-derived macrophages at all stages of
      differentiation and/or maturation in culture. The Fc-receptor-mediated
      erythrophagocytosis as well as the phagocytosis of heat-killed yeast cells (HK
      yeast) and starch particles increased by RA treatment in a dose-dependent manner,
      reaching an increase of 100-200% of the activity expressed in the absence of RA.
      Peritoneal exudate macrophages likewise exhibited an increased phagocytic
      response to a variety of particles, at both physiological and pharmacological
      concentrations of RA. Expression of an RA-mediated increase in phagocytic
      activity required a prolonged incubation with RA (greater than 19 hr). The data
      suggest that RA may be of physiological relevance in the regulation of
      proliferation and function of hemopoietic cells. Therapeutic doses of RA may
      potentiate macrophage proliferation and function, elements that are crucial at
      all phases of the various defense mechanisms that the organism possesses.

PMID- 3872307
TI  - [Vascular malformations of the digestive tract: a cause of severe digestive
      hemorrhage. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - We report on two cases of angiodysplasia of the digestive tract complicated by
      serious acute bleeding. The preoperative diagnoses were made by angiography. One
      case concerned a voluminous jejunal lesion which was macroscopically visible; the
      other concerned a punctiform lesion detected only by angiography and not found on
      the pathology specimen. The authors insist on the potential gravity of these
      angiodysplastic lesions, the necessity to perform an emergency celio-mesenteric
      angiogram when confronted with a serious digestive tract hemorrhage non-explained
      by conventional methods of exploration when they can be performed.

PMID- 3872308
TI  - Gas chromatographic determination of mefloquine in human and dog plasma using
      electron-capture detection.
AB  - A sensitive and selective gas-liquid chromatographic method for the determination
      of plasma levels of mefloquine in human and dog plasma is described. The drug and
      internal standard were extracted from plasma at pH 9.0 into isopropyl acetate.
      After evaporation of the solvent, the residue was taken up in toluene and
      derivatised with heptafluorobutyrylimidazole. The derivative was quantified by
      gas-liquid chromatography on a 3% GC GE-SE30 column with electron-capture
      detection. The limit of detection for mefloquine in plasma was 10 ng/ml. The mean
      overall recovery from plasma was 102.7 +/- 3.3%. The method was shown to be
      specific for mefloquine without any interference from endogenous compounds in
      plasma or from the drugs pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine (compounds often
      administered in combination with mefloquine). The assay described was
      successfully applied to the determination of plasma levels of mefloquine in man
      and dog following oral and intravenous administration, respectively.

PMID- 3872309
TI  - Annual stability in the levels of lymphocyte subpopulations identified by
      monoclonal antibodies in blood of healthy individuals.
AB  - The absolute numbers and percentages of lymphocytes, monocytes, and lymphocyte
      subpopulations in the blood mononuclear cells were examined monthly in two
      healthy individuals over a 22-month period. The object of this study was to
      determine whether the levels of lymphocyte subpopulations identified by
      monoclonal antibodies, Leu4+ (T), Leu3+ (helper T), Leu2+ (suppressor/cytotoxic
      T), and Leu7+ (natural killer) cells, were stable during the year for healthy
      donors. The results were analyzed by the cosiner method to estimate the
      rhythmicity of these subpopulations. The number of lymphocytes varied, showing a
      moderate circannual rhythm with a peak in early summer, whereas the number of
      monocytes also varied but its variation did not show a specific rhythm. The
      absolute numbers of T-lymphocyte subpopulations and Leu3+ and Leu2+ cells showed
      a covariation, with a peak in early summer in parallel with the circannual rhythm
      of total lymphocyte counts. A subpopulation of granular lymphocytes with natural
      killer function, Leu7+ cells, also showed a significant variation during the
      year. Of particular interest is that Leu3/Leu2 ratios were considerably stable
      during the year. The two-time point examination of these lymphocyte markers
      including HB-2+ B cells in August and January in 15 normal donors did not show
      any significant differences, although the mean values were slightly higher in
      summer. The stability and variability of these lymphocyte markers are displayed
      graphically and the details of these variations are listed.

PMID- 3872310
TI  - Defective monocyte function in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS):
      evidence from a monocyte-dependent T-cell proliferative system.
AB  - T-cell proliferative responses to the mitogenic monoclonal antibody anti-Leu 4
      were assessed in healthy controls, lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS) patients, and
      acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. While 19% of the control
      group showed low anti-Leu 4 responses (less than 12,000 cpm), 60% of the LAS
      patients, 71% of the AIDS-opportunistic infection patients, and 50% of the AIDS
      Kaposi's sarcoma patients showed low responses. T-cell responsiveness in healthy
      low responders was greatly enhanced by the addition of monocytes from an anti-Leu
      4 high responder (responder monocytes). We therefore sought to determine if the
      low-responder state in LAS and AIDS patients was also mediated by monocytes and,
      thus, correctable by the addition of responder monocytes. In the LAS low
      responder group, the level of enhancement by healthy responder monocytes was
      similar to that observed for the healthy low-responder group. In the AIDS low
      responder group, however, the level of enhancement was significantly lower than
      that observed in the healthy low-responder and LAS low-responder groups. These
      findings suggest that impaired proliferation to anti-Leu 4 in LAS patients may be
      due to a monocyte defect similar to the monocyte defect responsible for low anti
      Leu 4 responses in healthy controls. AIDS patients, however, show additional
      defects in anti-Leu 4-induced proliferation that are not fully corrected by the
      addition of responder monocytes.

PMID- 3872311
TI  - Lymphoid progenitor cells in severe combined immunodeficiency.
AB  - In the present study we evaluated the possibility that patients with severe
      combined immunodeficiency (SCID) might be deficient in lymphoid progenitor cells
      in bone marrow. Bone marrow from six patients with SCID was studied for the
      presence of cells expressing antigens associated with the earliest known stages
      of lymphopoiesis--terminal transferase (Tdt), the common acute lymphocytic
      leukemia antigen (CALLA), and p24. Four of six patients had detectable Tdt+,
      CALLA+, and p24+ cells, although they were quantitatively reduced compared to
      results from normal infant marrow. In two of six patients no bone marrow
      mononuclear cells expressing any of these markers were detected. These two
      patients were more lymphopenic than the other four SCID patients. The absence or
      deficiency of Tdt+, CALLA+, and p24+ bone marrow cells in some patients with SCID
      (two of six in the present study) is consistent with the lymphopenia seen in
      these patients and suggests that the underlying defects which result in SCID
      affect the production of immature as well as more differentiated lymphocytes.

PMID- 3872312
TI  - Interleukin-2 production by persons with the generalized lymphadenopathy syndrome
      or the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - We measured production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 27 heterosexual persons, 43 asymptomatic
      homosexual men, 34 homosexual men with generalized lymphadenopathy syndrome
      (GLS), and 21 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
      Asymptomatic heterosexual and homosexual subjects produced comparable amounts of
      IL-2, but 8 of 11 AIDS patients with opportunistic infections and two of three
      AIDS patients with both opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma failed to
      produce detectable amounts of IL-2; all seven AIDS patients with only Kaposi's
      sarcoma produced IL-2. The titer of IL-2 produced by the AIDS patients correlated
      with the percentage of helper T lymphocytes (Leu 3a+ cells) but not with the
      percentage of suppressor T lymphocytes (Leu 2a+ cells). This observation is
      interpreted as indicating that failure to produce IL-2 by AIDS patients is most
      likely due to depletion of IL-2-producing cells, although an abnormality of T
      cell function has not been excluded. In addition, three of eight AIDS patients
      who did not produce IL-2 produced supernatants that inhibited growth of IL-2
      dependent cells in the presence of IL-2. These observations suggest that
      measurement of endogenous IL-2 production may be important in selecting patients
      for therapy with IL-2.

PMID- 3872313
TI  - Antimicrobial susceptibility and characterization of outer membrane proteins of
      Haemophilus ducreyi isolated in Thailand.
AB  - One hundred strains of Haemophilus ducreyi isolated in Thailand from patients
      with chancroid were tested by the agar dilution method against 10 antimicrobial
      agents and typed by outer membrane protein pattern by using sodium dodecyl
      sulfate gel electrophoresis. All strains produced beta-lactamase and were
      resistant to tetracycline, kanamycin, and sulfonamides. Most had a decreased
      susceptibility to trimethoprim (MIC for 50% of the strains [MIC50], 0.5
      micrograms/ml) and chloramphenicol (MIC50, 8 micrograms/ml). Strains were
      susceptible to ciprofloxacin (MIC90, 0.001 micrograms/ml), ceftriaxone (MIC50,
      0.0015 micrograms/ml), erythromycin (MIC50, 0.015 micrograms/ml), rosoxacin
      (MIC50, 0.03 micrograms/ml), and spectinomycin (MIC50, 8 micrograms/ml). The
      degree of antimicrobial resistance found in Thailand is higher than that reported
      for H. ducreyi isolated in other regions. Five different outer membrane protein
      patterns were found by analyzing proteins in the range of 29 to 61 kilodaltons,
      but 98% of the Thai strains fell into three patterns which did not differ
      greatly. Outer membrane protein patterns of Thai strains were also seen in
      strains from other geographic areas. A new outer membrane protein type was found
      among nine strains isolated in Singapore.

PMID- 3872314
TI  - Epidermal growth factor, a vascular smooth muscle mitogen, induces rat aortic
      contraction.
AB  - Atherosclerotic arteries have enhanced reactivity to vasoconstrictors, which
      suggests that features of the atherosclerotic process itself may result in this
      abnormal responsiveness. Since vascular smooth muscle proliferation is a
      prominent feature of atherosclerosis, we postulated that vasoactive agonists and
      smooth muscle mitogens may share certain common cellular mechanisms of action
      which potentially contribute to this hyperreactivity. To test this hypothesis, we
      studied the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF), a well-characterized
      mitogen, on rat aortic vascular smooth muscle, both in intact aortic strips and
      in culture. EGF caused contraction (EC50 = 19 nM) of rat aortic strips which
      maximally was equivalent to 40% of that induced by angiotensin II, a potent
      vasoconstrictor. EGF increased 45Ca efflux (EC50 = 3 nM) from cultured rat aortic
      smooth muscle cells, which was an effect shared by angiotensin II and thought to
      reflect increased cytosolic-free calcium concentration. EGF (7.5 nM) also
      stimulated growth of these cultured cells to the same extent as 10% calf serum.
      These results demonstrate that EGF is both a vasoconstrictor and mitogen for rat
      aortic smooth muscle cells. The similarities in the effects of EGF and
      angiotensin II suggest that certain common intracellular mechanisms of action may
      exist for vasoactive agonists and growth factors which may contribute to the
      altered vasoreactivity of atherosclerotic vessels.

PMID- 3872315
TI  - Corticotropin-releasing factor. Mechanisms to inhibit gastric acid secretion in
      conscious dogs.
AB  - Immunoreactivity similar to that of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is found
      in regions of the central nervous system that modulate autonomic responses,
      including gastrointestinal functions. We examined the central nervous system
      effects of ovine CRF on gastric acid secretion in conscious dogs. Male beagle
      dogs (11-13 kg) were fitted with chronic intracerebroventricular cannulae and
      gastric fistulae. Gastric acid secretion in response to intravenously
      administered gastric secretory stimuli was measured by in vitro titration of
      gastric juice to pH 7.0 and in response to an intragastric meal by in vivo
      intragastric titration at pH 5.0. Plasma gastrin was determined by
      radioimmunoassay. CRF microinjected into the third cerebral ventricle decreased
      pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion for 3 h (P less than 0.01) dose
      dependently (0.2-6.0 nmol X kg-1). CRF did not inhibit histamine-stimulated
      gastric secretion but significantly (P less than 0.01) decreased the secretory
      response after 2-deoxy-D-glucose for 3 h. The gastric inhibitory action of
      intracerebroventricularly administered CRF on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric
      acid secretion was completely abolished by ganglionic blockade with
      chlorisondamine. The opioid antagonist, naloxone, and the vasopressin antagonist,
      [1-deaminopenicillamine,2-(O-methyl) tyrosine,8-arginine]-vasopressin,
      significantly suppressed the inhibitory effect of CRF on gastric acid secretion
      stimulated by pentagastrin. In contrast, truncal vagotomy did not prevent the
      inhibition of gastric acid secretion induced by CRF. CRF (0.2-2.0 nmol X kg-1)
      administered intracerebroventricularly decreased gastric acid secretion
      stimulated by 200-ml liquid meals containing 8% peptone. CRF did not affect
      plasma gastrin concentrations. These results indicate that CRF microinjected into
      the third cerebral ventricle inhibits gastric acid secretion in conscious dogs.
      CRF-induced inhibition of gastric acid secretion appears to be mediated by the
      sympathetic nervous system and, in part, by opiate and vasopressin-dependent
      mechanisms.

PMID- 3872317
TI  - Regeneration of lumbar dorsal root axons into the spinal cord of adult frogs
      (Rana pipiens), an HRP study.
AB  - Lumbar dorsal roots of adult frogs were crushed or cut and reanastomosed.
      Following survival times of up to 75 days, the regenerating dorsal roots were
      recut and anterogradely injury-filled with horseradish peroxidase. This revealed
      that in the adult frog, regenerating axons re-enter the spinal cord. Comparison
      of the distribution of these axons with that of normal dorsal root axons showed
      that there is a partial restoration of the segmental distribution in the gray
      matter. However, the long ascending sensory tract of the dorsal funiculus was not
      restored. The dorsal funiculus was markedly gliotic and had relatively few
      labelled, regenerated axons. The labelled axons that were seen in the dorsal
      funiculus either extended longitudinally for a distance just beneath the pia,
      apparently in association with the glia limitans, or traversed the region to
      enter the dorsal gray matter. Most of the large and small diameter axons that
      entered the gray matter did so by passing through the region of the dorsolateral
      fasciculus. Within the gray matter, small diameter, regenerated axons arborized
      in the region of the dorsal terminal field, a region that has been shown in the
      normal frog to receive cutaneous afferents only. Many large diameter axons,
      presumably muscle afferents, arborized in the ventral terminal field, a region
      shown in the normal frog to receive muscle afferents exclusively. However, many
      of these large diameter axons had arborizations that extended to both terminal
      fields, thus suggesting that some abberant connections are made during dorsal
      root regeneration in the adult frog.

PMID- 3872318
TI  - Milk antitrypsin as a marker of bovine mastitis--correlation with bacteriology.
AB  - Milk antitrypsin reflects leakage of protein of blood plasma into milk. Mastitis
      detection can be based on measurement of the trypsin-inhibitor capacity in milk;
      the "Eflab Mastitis Test" procedure is based on this principle. The procedure was
      developed to screen for subclinical mastitis; high capacity and sensitivity
      permits whole herds to be analyzed on a quarter basis to identify inflamed
      quarters during a single sampling. Milk antitrypsin was measured on 2174 quarter
      milk samples by a colorimetric procedure. The Multiskan MC reader was hooked to
      desk computer to interpolate antitrypsin from the standard curve and to analyze
      results. The analysis of inflammation was based on antitrypsin as well as
      computerized interquarter evaluation. These measures were compared with
      bacteriologic study of milk to set criteria for automatic identification of
      mastitis in individual quarters. The comparison against the lowest teat
      antitrypsin gave better indication of infection than antitrypsin as such. By
      strict criteria that identified inflammations caused by major pathogens, 18.8% of
      uninfected quarters were identified as false positive. The explanation is that a
      single bacteriological culture is not reliable for detecting mastitis, because
      there are temporary causes of tissue irritation other than bacteria that may be
      identified during standard bacteriologic examination.

PMID- 3872316
TI  - Vitamin D-dependent rickets type II. Defective induction of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3
      24-hydroxylase by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in cultured skin fibroblasts.
AB  - 1,25(OH)2D3 induces 25(OH)D3-24-hydroxylase (24-OHase) in cultured skin
      fibroblasts from normal subjects. We evaluated 24-OHase induction by 1,25(OH)2D3
      in skin fibroblasts from 10 normal subjects and from four unrelated patients with
      hereditary resistance to 1,25(OH)2D or vitamin D-dependent rickets type II (DD
      II). Fibroblasts were preincubated with varying concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 for
      15 h and were then incubated with 0.5 microM [3H]25(OH)D3 at 37 degrees C for 30
      min; lipid extracts of the cells were analyzed for [3H]24,25(OH)2D3 by high
      performance liquid chromatography and periodate oxidation. Apparent maximal
      [3H]24,25(OH)2D3 production in normal cell lines was 9 pmol/10(6) cells per 30
      min and occurred after induction with 10(-8) M 1,25(OH)2D3. 24-OHase induction
      was detectable in normal fibroblasts at approximately 3 X 10(-10) M 1,25(OH)2D3.
      [3H]24,25(OH)2D3 formation after exposure to 1,25(OH)2D3 was abnormal in
      fibroblasts from all four patients with DD II. In fibroblasts from two patients
      with DD II, [3H]24,25(OH)2D3 formation was unmeasurable (below 0.2 pmol/10(6)
      cells per 30 min) at 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations up to 10(-6) M. Fibroblasts from
      the other two patients with DD II required far higher than normal concentrations
      of 1,25(OH)2D3 for detectable [3H]24,25(OH)2D3 induction. In one,
      [3H]24,25(OH)2D3 production reached 2.9 pmol/10(6) cells per 30 min at 10(-6) M
      1,25(OH)2D3 (30% normal maximum at 10(-6) M 1,25(OH)2D3). In the other,
      [3H]24,25(OH)2D3 production achieved normal levels, 7.3 pmol/10(6) cells per 30
      min after 10(-6) M 1,25(OH)2D3. The two patients whose cells had a detectable 24
      OHase induction by 1,25(OH)2D3 showed a calcemic response to high doses of
      calciferols in vivo. Our current observations correlate with these two patients'
      responsiveness to calciferols in vivo and suggest that their target organ defects
      can be partially or completely overcome with extremely high concentrations of
      1,25(OH)2D3. The two patients whose cells showed no detectable 24-OHase induction
      in vitro failed to show a calcemic response to high doses of calciferols in vivo.
      IN CONCLUSION: (a) the measurement of 24-OHase induction by 1,25(OH)2D3 in
      cultured skin fibroblasts is a sensitive in vitro test for defective genes in the
      1,25(OH)2D effector pathway. (b) This assay provides a useful tool for
      characterizing the target tissue defects in DD II and predicting response to
      calciferol therapy.

PMID- 3872319
TI  - [Effect of vasopressin analogs on the resistance to extinction of a temporary
      association].

PMID- 3872320
TI  - Colonic variceal hemorrhage: diagnosis and management.
AB  - Lower gastrointestinal bleeding colonic varices is infrequent. We report a
      patient in whom the diagnosis was made by angiography and in whom portosystemic
      shunt has been helpful. We believe that the treatment of choice for colonic
      varices is portosystemic shunt, as attempts at resection, judged by the reports
      in the literature, have usually resulted in death.

PMID- 3872321
TI  - Adhesion-related colonic varices.
AB  - Most colonic varices are attributable to portal hypertension. Intra-abdominal
      adhesions have been incriminated as the cause of intestinal varices only in
      association with portal hypertension. We present the first well-documented
      occurrence of adhesion-related colonic varices in the absence of portal
      hypertension or other known associated conditions. It is important to delineate
      the mesenteric vascular anatomy in order to select the appropriate surgical
      procedure.

PMID- 3872322
TI  - Gastric ulcers after endoscopic sclerosis of esophageal varices.
AB  - Two patients with bleeding esophageal varices underwent endoscopic sclerosis.
      Each developed a gastric ulcer of the fundic mucosa approximately 6-7 cm below
      the gastro-esophageal junction. It seems probable that these lesions were related
      to the retrograde flow of sclerosing solution into the venous system which drains
      the gastric mucosa.

PMID- 3872323
TI  - Familial appraisal of colorblindness in school children of an Indian population.
AB  - A total 2000 unrelated school children were screened for colorblindness in
      Vishakhapatnam, India. Whether the protan and deutan defects are the result of
      mutations at one locus or at two loci has not been completely resolved, although
      the evidence favors two discrete loci. The investigation was extended to the
      families of the 40 color vision anomalous children to study the descendance
      patterns of these two loci. The importance of these observations are discussed.

PMID- 3872324
TI  - The role of intercellular contacts in the activation of B lymphocytes by anti
      immunoglobulin antibodies.
AB  - It has been proposed that anti-Ig antibody activates B cells in a way analogous
      to the antigens, i.e., it delivers its signal by cross-linking and clustering the
      Ig receptors on the surface of one cell. However, the cross-linking of different
      B cells which may deliver to each other a signal has not been considered. Thus,
      we examined the effect of preventing cell contacts on the response of rabbit B
      cells to anti-Ig allotype antibody by using a solid agarose medium. First, we
      examined the 14C-uridine incorporation in liquid medium and in liquid or solid
      agarose in cultures stimulated with anti-Ig antibody (Ab). The response was high
      in liquid agarose or liquid medium but was absent when the agarose-containing
      medium was solidified at the start of the cultures. If the agarose was solidified
      6 hr after the start, a good response was obtained. Moreover, if the cells were
      sedimented at the start before solidifying the agarose-containing medium, a good
      response was also obtained. Similar results were obtained when T cells were
      activated by Con A. To examine whether B cells require contacts with other B
      cells or with non-B cells, we examined their response to anti-Ig Ab in the
      absence of macrophages or T cells, and found that purified B cells from lymphoid
      organs or from thoracic duct responded well in the absence of T cells and/or
      macrophages. The response was also absent when the cells were cultured in agar at
      a "local" concentration close to 10(8) cell/ml. Also, concentrated supernatants
      of anti-Ig-stimulated cells did not increase the response to anti-Ig in solid
      agarose. These two last observations suggest that the lack of response in solid
      agarose is not due to a lack of diffusible factors or to a lack of feeder cells.
      Therefore, because the only difference between the cultures that responded to
      anti-Ig or Con A and those that did not was the distance between the cells, we
      concluded that the contact between B cells or between T cells is essential to
      their activation by their respective mitogens. We speculate that the anti-Ig Ab
      or the antigen cross-links B cells, which then provide each other with the
      activating signal or with one of the activating signals.

PMID- 3872325
TI  - The role of complement receptor positive and complement receptor negative B cells
      in the primary and secondary immune response to thymus independent type 2 and
      thymus dependent antigens.
AB  - Both complement receptor positive (CR+) and complement receptor negative (CR-) B
      cells have been shown to be involved in the primary immune response to PC-Hy
      (phosphocholine conjugated hemocyanin), a thymus dependent (TD) antigen which
      preferentially induces antibody secretion in Lyb-5+ B cells during a primary
      adoptive transfer assay. CR+ and CR- B cells also responded in a primary adoptive
      transfer assay to TNP-Ficoll, a thymus independent type 2 (TI-2) antigen which
      activates only Lyb-5+ B cells. When the secondary immune response to PC-Hy and
      TNP-Ficoll were analyzed, it was found that most of the immune memory to both
      antigens was present in the CR- B cell subset. The CR- B cell subset also
      dominated the secondary immune response to PC-Hy in immune defective (CBA/N X
      DBA/2N)F1 male mice. These data indicate that CR- B cells dominate the memory
      response in both the Lyb-5+ and Lyb-5- B cell subsets of normal and xid immune
      defective mice and suggest that Lyb-5+ and Lyb-5- B cells can be subdivided into
      CR+ and CR- subsets.

PMID- 3872326
TI  - Ability of chicken B cells from different compartments to respond to TNP-Ficoll.
AB  - The responsiveness of chicken B cells from various compartments to T-independent
      antigens was studied by immune transfers of spleen and bursa cells into
      immunosuppressed recipients. Bursa cells from 8- to 10-wk-old donors failed to
      respond to trinitrophenylated Ficoll (TNP-F) even when thymus cells or splenic T
      cells were added. Spleen cells from the same donors transferred responses, as
      judged both by anti-TNP plaque-forming cells (PFC) per spleen and serum anti-TNP
      titers. In contrast, responses to TNP-Brucella abortus (TNP-BA) were transferred
      at least as well as by bursa as by spleen cells. Rabbit anti-chicken T cell serum
      plus complement treatment of the spleen cells reduced their ability to transfer
      responses to sheep erythrocytes, but either did not affect or enhanced serum
      antibody responses to TNP-BA and TNP-F. In intact animals, responsiveness to i.v.
      injected TNP-F was found to develop slowly after hatching in the chicken. At the
      age of 2 and 3 mo, PFC/spleen on day 4 after TNP-F injection were only 20% and
      40%, respectively, of the adult response. Thymectomy at hatching further delayed
      this development, resulting in 12% and 45% of the adult control response at ages
      of 3 and 4 mo. It is concluded that responsiveness to the TI-2 antigen, TNP-F,
      develops slower than that to the TI-1 antigen, TNP-BA, and is restricted to the
      splenic B cell compartment. In addition, this development appears to be faster in
      the presence rather than in the absence of the thymus. In view of the previously
      shown effect of thymus on bursa development, these data suggest that the
      maturation of TI-1 antigen (TNP-F)-respondent chicken B cells requires residence
      in both the bursa and spleen before the development of responsiveness to such
      antigens.

PMID- 3872327
TI  - Analysis of the binding and postbinding activities of an inducible cloned CTL
      line at the population and the single-cell level.
AB  - We have analyzed the binding and lytic properties of a cloned CTL line before and
      after induction with MLC SN. Functional, specific binding by both effector
      populations could be demonstrated to occur at 20 degrees C; however, lysis
      required temperatures greater than or equal to 30 degrees C. Approximately 50% of
      noninduced cells and 70% of induced cells formed specific conjugates with P815
      target cells. Conjugate formation approached maximum levels by 30 min at 20
      degrees C for both populations. When low cell concentrations were employed for
      conjugate formation, the difference between SN-induced cells and noninduced cells
      was more pronounced. Analysis of the postbinding abilities of these populations
      at the single-cell level revealed that SN-induced cells were considerably more
      efficient in lysing attached target cells than were noninduced cells; however,
      significant lysis by the latter could be demonstrated after long periods. When
      populations which had intermediate cytolytic activity were compared to optimally
      induced or noninduced cells, apparent dissociation of the binding and postbinding
      capacities was observed. Cells harvested 4 days after stimulation with allogeneic
      cells plus SN displayed maximal binding but low postbinding activities. These
      results are consistent with the possibility that multiple components of the lytic
      mechanism are affected following induction and that these components may be
      asynchronously modulated.

PMID- 3872328
TI  - Subsets of human large granular lymphocytes (LGL) exhibit accessory cell
      functions.
AB  - The present study shows that human large granular lymphocytes (LGL) depleted of
      OKT3 (T lymphocytes) and Leu-M1-positive (monocytes) cells exhibit accessory cell
      function for the T lymphoproliferative responses to the soluble stimulants
      Staphylococcus protein A (SpA) or Streptolysin O (SLO), as well as to surface
      antigens in the autologous and allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR).
      Fractionation of LGL into subsets according to their reactivity with alpha OKT11,
      alpha DR, and alpha OKM1 MoAb led to the identification of the subset(s) of LGL
      with OKT11+, DR+, OKM1+ phenotype as the antigen-presenting cell (APC), whereas
      the DR-, OKM1- subset(s) of LGL was completely ineffective. Furthermore,
      virtually all the natural killer (NK) activity of LGL was associated with OKT11+
      and OKM1+, DR+ LGL that exerted the observed APC function, suggesting that NK
      active cells may also act as effective APC for T lymphocyte activation. These
      results indicate that human LGL with NK activity may exert other noncytotoxic
      functions and may play a major role in immunoregulation.

PMID- 3872329
TI  - Effects of tobacco glycoprotein (TGP) on the immune system. I. TGP is a T
      independent B cell mitogen for murine lymphoid cells.
AB  - It has been shown that tobacco glycoprotein (TGP), a polyphenol-rich glycoprotein
      antigen purified from cured tobacco leaves, is mitogenic for lymphoid cells in
      the spleen, peripheral blood, and bone marrow, but not for thymus cells. The
      proliferative response is not reduced by treatment of spleen cells or peripheral
      blood lymphocytes with anti-Thy-1.2 and complement, and spleen cells from the
      congenitally athymic (nu/nu) CD-1 proliferate as vigorously in response to TGP as
      do spleen cells from their heterozygous nu/+ littermates. In addition, TGP
      induces differentiation of mouse spleen cells into antibody-secreting cells, the
      majority of which secrete IgM, and the remainder mainly IgG and a few IgA. The
      differentiation into antibody-secreting cells induced by TGP occurs with spleen
      cells from nu/nu mice. It is concluded that TGP is a T-independent B cell mitogen
      for mouse lymphoid cells. On the basis of the ability of spleen cells from the
      LPS-nonresponder C3H/HEJ mice to respond to TGP with proliferation and
      differentiation into antibody-secreting cells, it is concluded that the effects
      of TGP are distinct from those of LPS and cannot be due to contamination of the
      TGP preparation with LPS.

PMID- 3872330
TI  - Lymphokine-like activity of 8-mercaptoguanosine: induction of T and B cell
      differentiation.
AB  - Lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation result from ordered cellular
      interactions governed by soluble products (lymphokines). Dissecting the
      individual steps in these processes has been difficult, due to a paucity of pure
      lymphokines. Recently, it was reported that the derivatized ribonucleoside 8
      mercaptoguanosine (8MGuo) has both mitogenic and differentiative effects on
      murine B cells. In the present studies, we tested 8MGuo for its ability to
      stimulate both B and T cell responses. In contrast to the murine studies, 8MGuo
      does not stimulate rat B cells to proliferate and, when tested for B cell growth
      factor-like activity, no stimulation was observed. The addition of 8MGuo (0.5 to
      1 mM final concentration) to mitogen-stimulated B cells led to a marked increase
      in IgM and a modest increase in IgG secretion. When mixed with conditioned
      medium, 8MGuo acted synergistically in stimulating secretion of both isotypes,
      arguing that 8MGuo has both B cell-differentiating factor-mu (BCDF-mu) and BCDF
      gamma activity. 8MGuo had no IL 2-like activity when tested on a mouse IL 2
      dependent cell line, and no IL 1-like activity on addition to mouse thymocytes
      with or without submitogenic doses of lectin. However, when added to cultures of
      murine allogeneic cells in which the stimulating cell populations had been heat
      inactivated, 8MGuo induced the generation of specific allogeneic cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes. Together, these results suggest that a simple derivatized nucleoside
      can induce both T and B cell differentiation without concomitant proliferation,
      and thus represent a unique probe for studying events in lymphocyte
      differentiation.

PMID- 3872331
TI  - The human Ia-associated invariant chain is synthesized in Ia-negative B cell
      variants and is not expressed on the cell surface of both Ia-negative and Ia
      positive parental cells.
AB  - The expression of Ia-associated human Invariant (In) chain glycoproteins was
      studied in the Raji B cells as well as in their RJ 2.2.5 Ia-negative derived
      variant cells by using a specific rabbit anti-human In chain antiserum. Two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitates from either
      biosynthetically labeled or surface labeled cells were analyzed. In addition,
      flow microfluorometric analysis of stained cells was performed. The results
      indicate that the In chain is constitutively produced in the Ia-negative B cell
      variant. Moreover, it appears that several forms of In chain-related molecules,
      with different charges and distinct m.w. are equally expressed in Ia-positive and
      Ia-negative B cells. Finally, no evidence could be obtained that the In molecular
      family was expressed on the cell surface of Ia-positive Raji and Ia-negative RJ
      2.2.5 cells.

PMID- 3872332
TI  - Characterization of functional properties of C4-binding protein by monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - We prepared mouse monoclonal antibodies to human C4-binding protein (C4-bp) by
      fusing spleen cells from mice immunized with purified C4-bp to the mouse myeloma
      line P3U1. Of four monoclonal antibodies that reacted with intact C4-bp, two were
      specific for a 48K fragment, one of the chymotryptic cleavage products of C4-bp,
      and one was specific for another fragment (160K). The fourth monoclonal antibody
      did not react with either fragment. One of the monoclonals that reacted with the
      48K fragment blocked the binding of C4-bp to cell-bound C4b. This monoclonal
      antibody (TK3) also inhibited two other functions of C4-bp, serving as an
      essential cofactor for C3b/C4b inactivator (I) in the cleavage of fluid-phase C4b
      and accelerating the decay of C2a from the C4b,2a complex. The other monoclonals
      had little or no effect on these activities of C4-bp. In addition, we found that
      the 48K fragment lost the binding affinity for C4b. However, it can function as a
      cofactor for I and as a decay-accelerator, although its activities were about 200
      times weaker than intact C4-bp on a molar basis. The monoclonal antibody TK3
      completely inhibited these activities of the 48K fragment. On the basis of these
      findings, we conclude that the functionally active site of C4-bp is located on
      the 48K fragment. Probably, the cofactor and decay-accelerating activities of C4
      bp result from the binding of C4-bp to C4b.

PMID- 3872333
TI  - Proliferation of human malignant lymphocytes induced by anti-IgM independent of B
      cell growth factor.
AB  - Human malignant B lymphocytes were identified that proliferate in response to
      small doses of anti-immunoglobulin. Proliferation was induced by monoclonal mouse
      anti-HIgM, polyclonal goat anti-HIgM, and F(ab')2 fragments thereof, in vitro,
      and was not accompanied by immunoglobulin secretion. Proliferation was found to
      be unaffected by T cell depletion and was not enhanced by supplementation with B
      cell growth factor. Culture fluids from unstimulated malignant lymphocytes as
      well as from malignant lymphocytes stimulated with anti-HIgM contained no
      measurable B cell growth factor activity. Thus, proliferation of these malignant
      lymphocytes was not dependent on the presence of T lymphocytes and was
      independent of the presence of B cell growth factor. These results imply that B
      cell stimulatory factors may not be required for proliferation of all human B
      lymphocytes. Moreover, these results imply that treatment with anti
      immunoglobulin reagents may be inappropriate for some B lymphocyte malignancies.

PMID- 3872334
TI  - Reduction of excessive background counts in an IL-2 microassay by incubation of
      indicator cells at 37 degrees C.

PMID- 3872335
TI  - Phenotyping of proliferating cells in cultures of human lymphocytes.
AB  - Lymphocytes stimulated with mitogens, alloantigens or soluble antigens were
      pulsed with tritiated thymidine to label proliferating cells. Aliquots of the
      cells were labeled with OKT 4 or OKT 8 mouse monoclonal antibodies and then
      incubated in microtiter wells coated with goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG).
      Unattached cells were flushed out of the wells: individual wells were then
      separated for counting in scintillation fluid in a B counter. This method permits
      simple characterization of the relative T cell subset proliferative responses and
      is clinically applicable.

PMID- 3872336
TI  - A procedure for the isolation of highly purified populations of B cells, T cells
      and monocytes from human peripheral and umbilical cord blood.
AB  - A sequential separation protocol is described which reproducibly yields
      biologically active populations of B cells, T cells and monocytes from human
      peripheral and umbilical cord blood. The purification protocol employed T
      lymphocyte rosetting with unmodified sheep red blood cells, monocyte adherence to
      microexudate-coated flasks and anti-immunoglobulin panning of B cells. Population
      purity was determined by cytofluorographic light scatter analysis, expression of
      cell surface markers, esterase activity and mitogen responsiveness. The
      sequential protocol reproducibly yielded viable and functionally active cell
      populations of greater than 95% purity from a single starting population of
      mononuclear cells.

PMID- 3872337
TI  - [Characterization of immune complexes in normal pregnancies].
AB  - There are many reports on the immune complexes in normal pregnancies.
      Nevertheless, even the presence of immune complexes in normal pregnancies have
      not been clarified, and the immune complexes have not been clearly characterized.
      So, in this report, I try to make clear whether immune complexes are present in
      normal pregnancies or not, and then to analyze the immune complexes in normal
      pregnancies. The results are as follows: The immune complex (IC) levels measured
      by the C1q binding test rose in first trimester, and dropped to the normal range
      in the second and third trimesters. The IgG-IC levels increased in the first
      trimester and decreased to the normal range in the second and third trimesters,
      but the IgM-IC levels were not changed during normal pregnancies in the solid
      phase anti C3 radioimmunoassay. The ICs in normal pregnancies were analyzed using
      gel filtration. IgG-ICs were detected in the first trimester and the third
      trimester of normal pregnancies, and the molecular weights were about 290,000.
      IgG-ICs were separated from another immunoglobulin class IC using a DEAE-affigel
      blue column. ICs in normal pregnancies were mainly IgG-IC and there were only a
      few IgM-ICs in normal pregnancies. IgG-ICs were present in normal pregnancies,
      but neither the classical pathway nor the alternative pathway of the complement
      system was found to be activated by the two-dimensional electroimmunodiffusion
      method using anti C3 and C1s. So, IgG-IC in normal pregnancies did not seem to be
      pathological.

PMID- 3872338
TI  - Complement activation in primary biliary cirrhosis: an in vitro model.
AB  - Increased concentrations of C3dg were demonstrated in plasma from patients with
      primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), indicating in vivo activation of C3. Rapid
      spontaneous C3 cleavage by the classical pathway was observed in vitro in serum
      and in EDTA plasma reconstituted with Ca++ and Mg++, suggesting the presence of
      complement-activating substances. On incubation with fresh normal serum, purified
      polyclonal IgM from patients with PBC induced C1 activation, C4 cleavage, and
      C3dg formation. No C3 cleavage was observed when PBC-IgM was incubated with a C2
      deficient serum. We suggest that the complement activation in vivo in PBC, which
      occurs predominantly by the classical pathway and is characterized by increased
      concentrations of C1 activation complexes, decreased C4 concentrations, and
      hypercatabolism of C3, is attributable to an abnormal IgM population.

PMID- 3872339
TI  - The effect of biotin on the formation of different types of E-rosettes by human
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy human donors were cultured with biotin
      and concanavalin A (Con A) for varying periods up to 48 h. At the end of
      incubation, the percentages of total, active, and stable E-rosettes were
      determined. The percentage of total E-rosettes decreased significantly in the
      course of time in both cultures with biotin and Con A, but more slowly than in
      the control cultures. Biotin and Con A induced a significant increase in the
      number of high-affinity E-rosettes (aE-RFC and sE-RFC). Preincubation for 4 h in
      the presence of puromycin or actinomycin D inhibited biotin, and Con A stimulated
      E-rosette formation. These results suggest that the effect of biotin on the T
      lymphocytes might be due to stimulation of protein synthesis and, perhaps, new
      receptors for sheep red blood cells (SRBC).

PMID- 3872340
TI  - Biochemical characterization of interleukin 1 from a human monocytic cell line.
AB  - A protein with interleukin 1 (IL-1) activity was obtained from the human acute
      monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) and purified by ultrafiltration, Ultrogel
      AcA54 chromatography, isoelectric focusing, and discontinuous polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Like the pI 6.8 species of IL-1 from human peripheral blood
      monocytes (PBM), the cell line IL-1 has a molecular weight (MW) of 14,000, a pI
      of 6.8, is heat labile, and does not bind to concanavalin A-Sepharose. Chemical
      modification of arginine residues by phenylglyoxal or sulfhydryl groups by N
      ethyl maleimide and iodoacetamide completely destroys the activity of IL-1 from
      THP-1 cells as well as that of the pI 6.8 component from PBM. In contrast, the pI
      5.1 component of PBM IL-1 is resistant to heat denaturation and sulfhydryl
      reagents, although it is totally inactivated by phenylglyoxal. IL-1 from THP-1
      cells enhanced the proliferative response of the same subpopulations of PNA-
      thymocytes as IL-1 from PBM. These observations suggest that IL-1 derived from
      this cell line is similar to the IL-1 pI 6.8 species produced by human monocytes,
      and distinct from the pI 5.1 species.

PMID- 3872341
TI  - [Contribution of immunology to the differentiation of arteritis in young persons.
      Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - The authors report two observations of T.A.O. placed under the heading of
      "Systems Affections" after the discovery of immunologic abnormalities. Vascular
      troubles in L.E.A.D. and generalised sclerodermis are, apart from the Raynaud
      Syndrom, exceptional. They oriente specially towards a T.A.O., and in absence of
      caracteristic symptoms, they retard the diagnosis of a connective. The reader is
      reminded of the characteristics of the "Buerger Affection" which must no longer
      be considered as unique anatomoclinic entity, due to modern immunologic and
      phlebologic exams.

PMID- 3872342
TI  - Involvement of 5-HT2 receptors in the LSD- and L-5-HTP-induced suppression of
      lordotic behavior in the female rat.
AB  - Copulatory behavior in the ovariectomized rat, the lordotic response (L.R.), was
      induced by estrogen followed by progesterone. L.R. is inhibited by lysergic acid
      diethylamide (LSD) (greater than or equal to 0.05 mg/kg) and by Levo-5
      hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) (greater than or equal to 2.5 mg/kg). The effects of
      the putative 5-HT antagonists lisuride, metergoline, methysergide, mianserin,
      cinanserin, cyproheptadine, pirenperone and altanserin on the LSD-induced
      inhibition of L.R. were tested. Lisuride, metergoline, methysergide and mianserin
      were found to have no LSD-blocking effect. In contrast, cinanserin,
      cyproheptadine and pirenperone acted antagonistically to LSD, within a critical
      dose range. The selective 5-hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2) receptor antagonist
      altanserin effectively prevented the LSD-induced inhibition of L.R., and the
      doses required (0.05-0.20 mg/kg) indicated a comparatively high antagonistic
      potency. In addition altanserin (0.2 mg/kg) effectively prevented the lordosis
      inhibitory effect induced by L-5-HTP (2.5 mg/kg), after pretreatment with
      pargyline and RO4-4602. It is suggested that the suppression of copulatory
      behavior caused by LSD and L-5-HTP is mediated by 5-HT2 receptors.

PMID- 3872343
TI  - Cervical nystagmus due to loss of cerebellar inhibition on the cervico-ocular
      reflex: a case report.
AB  - Studies of the cervico-ocular reflex and the vestibulo-ocular reflex have been
      carried out separately and in combination on a patient with gait ataxia due to a
      cerebellar tumour. With the head fixed in space, body rotation to the right (left
      neck torsion) induced marked nystagmus to the left in darkness. Vestibulo-ocular
      responses to sinusoidal rotation were symmetrical while the neck was immobilised
      and asymmetric when it moved freely. It is suggested that the cervical nystagmus
      seen in this case was the result of removal of cerebellar inhibition upon the
      cervico-ocular reflex and that abnormal interaction of cervical and vestibular
      inputs could have played a role in the patient's unsteadiness.

PMID- 3872344
TI  - Distribution of particle aggregates in the internodal axolemma and adaxonal
      Schwann cell membrane of rodent peripheral nerve.
AB  - Freeze-fracture studies on myelinated fibres from the internodal regions of rat
      and mouse sciatic nerve show symmetrical particle aggregates within the adaxonal
      Schwann cell plasmalemma and particle clusters in the axolemma. These are mainly
      confined to the vicinity of the internal mesaxon and the Schmidt-Lanterman
      incisures. The Schwann cell particle aggregates are concentrated as bands over
      the cytoplasmic pockets of Schmidt-Lanterman incisures and the paramesaxonal
      pockets. In the axolemma there are linear rows of particle aggregates along the
      groove related to the inner mesaxon and in bands to either side of it. The
      morphological features suggest the possibility of metabolic coupling between the
      axoplasm and the Schwann cell cytoplasm via the periaxonal space.

PMID- 3872345
TI  - Dissimilarities between purified human interleukin-1 and recombinant human
      interleukin-2 in the induction of fever, brain prostaglandin, and acute-phase
      protein synthesis.
AB  - The lymphokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been shown to enhance natural cell
      mediated cytotoxicity, the generation of cytolytic T lymphocytes, and several
      other aspects of cellular immune function. The gene coding for human IL-2 has
      been cloned, and recombinant IL-2 will be available for clinical trials in
      patients with neoplastic, infectious, and immunodeficiency diseases. The present
      investigation was undertaken to determine if IL-2 was similar to interleukin-1
      (IL-1) in its ability to induce fever and the acute-phase response. These studies
      were based on recent work with recombinant human interferon (IFN)-alpha, which is
      intrinsically pyrogenic and capable of producing fever by inducing the synthesis
      of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The prospect that IL-2 might exert similar
      physiologic effects is of critical concern since elevated temperature, PGE2, and
      acute-phase reactants may profoundly inhibit natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
      Our studies have shown that recombinant human IL-2 is not intrinsically pyrogenic
      in rabbits at doses as high as 10,000 units/kg when administered by a single
      intravenous injection. In contrast to IL-1, IL-2 does not stimulate cultured
      hypothalamus cells to synthesize PGE2, and, furthermore, IL-2 does not elevate
      serum C-reactive protein levels. These results predict that the administration of
      IL-2 to patients in doses that stimulate cellular immune function will not induce
      fever and other toxic side effects frequently seen in individuals receiving IFN.

PMID- 3872346
TI  - Restoring capacity of immunomodifiers for radiation-induced inhibition of colony
      forming T cells.
AB  - Six immunomodifier drugs have been studied with regard to their capacity for
      decreasing radiation-induced effects on lymphocytes. The T cell colony method was
      selected for this evaluation because this technique takes into account
      reproductive integrity of the lymphocyte. Irradiation was delivered either in
      vitro to murine splenocytes or in vivo (total body) at 0.75 Gy, a dose close to
      the D37 calculated for lymphocyte survival, using the same technique. Among
      immunomodifiers, only the drugs known for their specific action on ionizing
      radiation effects (quenching of free radicals) were shown capable of
      radiorestoration: this is essentially true for retinoic acid--even more than for
      its derivative--which restored the T cell colony formation up to 80% of the
      control at 10(-6) M final concentration in vitro. However, when given in vivo to
      irradiated mice, retinoic acid is active only at high doses.

PMID- 3872347
TI  - Clinical relevance of lymphoblast biological features in children with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Improvements in therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have led
      us to reevaluate the prognostic significance of lymphoblast characteristics at
      diagnosis. From application of univariate and multivariate statistical methods,
      we determined the relationship of five blast cell features to treatment outcome
      in 250 patients who were enrolled in two clinical trials at this center from May
      1979 through April 1982. Karyotype ploidy, lymphoblast morphology, and
      immunophenotype were each significantly related to prognosis as measured by time
      to failure, while periodic acid-Schiff reactivity and glucocorticoid receptor
      number lacked prognostic implication for this patient population. In addition,
      clinical features of initial WBC count, age, and race were also significant
      independent variables in predicting treatment response. By multivariate analysis,
      both ploidy and morphology contributed prognostic information to a clinical model
      based on WBC count, age, and race. If the model was adjusted for impact of
      ploidy, however, French-American-British morphology no longer contributed
      additional prognostic information. Our findings suggest that many traditional
      biological features used to estimate prognosis in ALL can be discarded in favor
      of clinical features (leukocyte count, age, and race) and cytogenetics (ploidy)
      for planning of future clinical trials.

PMID- 3872348
TI  - Reduction of fatal complications from combined modality therapy in Hodgkin's
      disease.
AB  - A total of 464 pathologically staged IA through IIIB Hodgkin's disease patients
      were evaluated for the risk of developing acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma, or a fatal infection after treatment with radiation therapy
      (RT) alone, initial combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy (CMT), or RT with
      MOPP administered at relapse. Patients received a standard six cycles of MOPP,
      and additional maintenance chemotherapy was not administered. Patients receiving
      total nodal irradiation (TNI) and MOPP chemotherapy have an 11.9% actuarial risk
      of developing a fatal complication at ten years, as compared to a 0.8% risk for
      lesser field irradiation and MOPP (P = .005). The risk with RT alone is 0.6%.
      Patients 40 years of age or older have a greater risk for complications. These
      data report a low risk for fatal complication with CMT when less than TNI is
      administered and when maintenance chemotherapy is not used.

PMID- 3872349
TI  - Treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--related Kaposi's sarcoma with
      lymphoblastoid interferon.
AB  - Twelve homosexual patients with Kaposi's sarcoma associated with the acquired
      immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were treated with a preparation of purified
      human lymphoblastoid interferon (Wellferon [Burroughs Wellcome, Research Triangle
      Park, NC]). They were given a dose of 20 X 10(6) U/m2 intramuscularly daily for
      approximately two months. Responders continued their treatment on a maintenance
      schedule of 20 X 10(6) U/m2 three times a week. Four patients experienced
      complete remissions, and four experienced partial remissions that resulted in a
      total response rate of 67%. The median duration of treatment was 14 weeks (7 to
      28+ weeks), and the median response duration was 28+ weeks (19 to 29+ weeks). Of
      the four patients in complete remission, one relapsed at 25 weeks and one at 26
      weeks; the other two remained in complete remission at 28 and 29+ weeks. The
      clinical toxicity consisted of chills, fever, fatigue, and asthenia. Hematologic
      toxicity was similar to that previously described for other preparations of alpha
      interferon and consisted of moderate leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Asthenia, a
      condition present in all 12 patients, was severe in 50%. A minimal tumor burden,
      the absence of circulating interferon before treatment, and a performance status
      of greater than or equal to 90% on the Karnofsky scale were related to an
      improved response rate. Measurement of immunologic parameters showed significant
      declines in the already impaired T cell levels, lymphocyte blastogenic response
      to concanavalin A, monocyte-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity,
      and monocyte-adherence. Activation of natural killer cells was not noted, and no
      life-threatening infections occurred during treatment. These data suggest that
      human lymphoblastoid interferon is an active agent in the treatment of Kaposi's
      sarcoma, and its use warrants further study in a larger number of patients.

PMID- 3872350
TI  - Sensory processing in a thermal afferent pathway.
AB  - Extracellular recordings were made from cold-receptive afferent fibers in the
      trigeminal ganglion of rats anesthetized with halothane. By applying a
      standardized series of steady or changing temperatures to the receptive fields,
      we recorded the static and dynamic responses of the afferents. Comparable
      recordings were made from neurons in the marginal layer of the caudal trigeminal
      nucleus onto which the cold fibers synapse. The static and dynamic responses of
      the afferent fibers were reproduced faithfully by the second-order neurons, but
      at a much higher level of activity. Ganglionectomy silenced the second-order
      cells. Their continuous high level of activity appears to depend on the tonic
      input from the afferent fibers and not on any intrinsic circuits in the medulla.

PMID- 3872351
TI  - Sensitivity to amplitude modulated sounds in the anuran auditory nervous system.
AB  - Auditory responses were recorded from single units in the eighth nerve and in the
      midbrain torus semicircularis of the leopard frog (Rana pipiens). Acoustic
      stimuli included sinusoidally amplitude-modulated (AM) tones and noise, as well
      as pure tones. Mean spike rates were measured at various rates of AM, and the
      degree to which a unit's spikes were restricted to a particular phase of the
      modulation cycle was described by a synchronization coefficient. The firing rate
      of eighth-nerve fibers was largely independent of the rate of AM over the
      modulation range 10 to 150 Hz. Further, the general shape of the spike rate vs.
      AM-rate function was invariant with either depth of modulation or sound-pressure
      level (SPL). Although virtually all eighth-nerve fibers exhibited significant
      synchronization to the envelope of AM, the shape of the synchronization function
      depended on the unit's best-excitatory frequency (BEF). Fibers with highest
      BEF's, presumed to innervate the basilar papilla, generally showed greater
      synchronization as the AM rate was increased (up to 100-150 Hz). Fibers tuned to
      the low-and midfrequency region, which innervate the amphibian papilla, exhibited
      low-pass synchronization characteristics. As the depth of modulation was reduced,
      the degree of synchronization of eighth-nerve fibers decreased. For a given depth
      of modulation an increase in sound level tended to decrease the degree of
      synchronization, but significant synchronization could still be observed at
      stimulus intensities at least 65 dB above threshold. On the basis of the spike
      rate vs. AM-rate functions, the temporal selectivity of single cells in the torus
      could be characterized by five response types: AM nonselective (spike rate was
      largely independent of the AM rate); AM high-pass (activity increased as the AM
      rate was increased); AM low-pass (response was greatest for slow AM rates and
      decreased at high rates); AM band-suppression (these neurons responded well to
      low and high AM rates, but responded weakly to intermediate rates); and AM-tuned
      (spike rate was greatest over a narrow range of modulation rates). In these
      measurements the depth of modulation was held constant at 100%. The five response
      categories are not discrete, but rather reflect representative examples along a
      continuum with regard to temporal selectivity. The temporal selectivity exhibited
      by toral units in their firing rates was not evident in their AM-synchronization
      functions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3872352
TI  - Effects of unilateral lesions of the flocculus on optokinetic and vestibuloocular
      reflexes of the rabbit.
AB  - The horizontal optokinetic reflex (HOKR) and the horizontal vestibuloocular
      reflex (HVOR) were tested in 21 rabbits before and after unilateral lesions were
      made in the left cerebellar flocculus. The immediate effect, observed within 15
      min following placement of a floccular lesion, was a conjugate nystagmus with the
      slow phase toward the side opposite to the lesion when the animal was placed in
      total darkness. This spontaneous nystagmus lasted from several hours to two days
      depending on the extent of damage to the flocculus. It was reversed in sign if
      the subjacent vestibular nuclei or vestibular nerve were damaged by the
      operation, and it was totally absent if the unilateral floccular lesions were
      made in rabbits that had been bilaterally labyrinthectomized. The spontaneous
      drift of the eyes observed immediately postoperatively caused a bias in
      measurement of the HVOR that was dependent on the frequency of vestibular
      stimulation. When measured 50 days postoperatively the HVOR had a normal gain and
      normal bias. When measured 50 days postoperatively the monocular HOKR
      (posteroanterior stimulation of the left eye) was significantly reduced in gain
      at stimulus velocities below 5 degrees/s. A quantitative anatomical analysis of
      the degeneration of inferior olivary neurons caused by lesions of the flocculus
      demonstrated contralateral cell loss of as much as 65% of the dorsal cap neuronal
      population. These data reveal a permanent deficit in the HOKR, but not the HVOR,
      following unilateral floccular lesions and are consistent with the idea that the
      flocculus contributes to the regulation of the low-velocity eye movements through
      the inhibitory modulation of the activity of the subjacent vestibular nuclei.

PMID- 3872353
TI  - Deconvolution of Compton scatter in SPECT.
AB  - A deconvolution algorithm has been developed which compensates for Compton
      scattering in SPECT images. Compton scatter is modeled as a convolution of the
      nonscattered projection data with an exponential function. Deconvolution of the
      total (scatter + nonscatter) projection data yields compensated true projection.
      Using Monte Carlo methods, the scattered and nonscattered components of a SPECT
      image are simulated thus allowing a comparison of scatter compensated results
      with direct nonscatter results. The quality of the compensation is evaluated by
      comparing the ratio of total to direct counts with the ratio of compensated to
      direct counts. This deconvolution technique has been developed and evaluated for
      experimentally acquired SPECT data as well as for simulated data.

PMID- 3872354
TI  - Uniformity correction for SPECT using a mapped cobalt-57 sheet source.
AB  - As little as 1% nonuniformity of the scintillation camera can produce disturbing
      artifacts in SPECT images. To correct for nonuniformity, acquired images must be
      divided by the flood-field image of a uniform sheet source. The refillable 99mTc
      sheet source requires meticulous preparation before each use, and is subject to
      spillage. We propose the use of a permanent 57Co solid sheet source in
      conjunction with a map of the radioactivity distribution in the source. The flood
      field image of the cobalt source is converted by the map into the equivalent of a
      flood-field image of an almost perfectly uniform source. An accurate and
      reproducible method is described for generating a map of the cobalt sheet source
      from images of it made in multiple positions with the scintillation camera. The
      mapping process is independent of sensitivity variations across the face of the
      camera.

PMID- 3872355
TI  - Brain oxygen utilization measured with oxygen-15 radiotracers and positron
      emission tomography: generation of metabolic images.
AB  - We recently described a PET method for the measurement of local brain tissue
      oxygen extraction (E) and the local cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2)
      using 15O-labeled radiotracers. The equation for the calculation of E from
      measured PET data is mathematically complex and its direct application in the
      generation of PET images of either E or the CMRO2 on a pixel-by-pixel basis is
      computationally burdensome. We describe a simplification of this equation which
      permits the efficient generation of quantitative images.

PMID- 3872356
TI  - Computer analysis of radionuclide esophageal transit studies.

PMID- 3872357
TI  - A case-control study of lung cancer in painters.
AB  - A case-control study of lung cancer was conducted within a cohort of painters and
      allied tradesmen drawn from the New York State membership of a large
      international union. Lung cancer cases were identified through the New York State
      Cancer Registry. Controls were randomly selected from the same union population.
      Data collected by mailed questionnaire included lifetime work history, work
      environment, and life-style factors. An almost threefold excess risk (odds ratio,
      2.75) of lung cancer was associated with a usual occupation of painting. When a
      logistic regression model was used to adjust for other risk factors such as
      cigarette smoking, a fivefold excess lung cancer risk was observed among painters
      who never wore a mask or respirator; no excess risk was observed among painters
      who wore a mask or respirator.

PMID- 3872358
TI  - Reduced dose of DTP vaccine.

PMID- 3872359
TI  - Sensitivity testing of Trichomonas vaginalis using bromocresol purple indicator.

PMID- 3872360
TI  - Comparative effects of nisoldipine, nifedipine and bepridil on experimental
      pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - Calcium channel blockers sometimes reduce pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in
      patients with pulmonary hypertension. This study compares the pulmonary
      vasodilator effect of two new calcium channel blockers, nisoldipine and bepridil,
      to that of nifedipine in three groups of anesthetized dogs (n = 8 for each
      group). In each group the normoxic hemodynamics were recorded before and after
      low, medium and high doses of the respective agents given i.v. In addition, the
      effect of these doses on the pulmonary pressor responses to hypoxia and
      prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF 2 alpha) was measured. During normoxia all doses of
      bepridil caused brief increases in cardiac output. However, during the hypoxic
      and PGF 2 alpha challenges cardiac output fell and PVR rose above predrug
      responses, rather than being reduced. Nisoldipine produced a sustained increase
      in cardiac output throughout the experiment. During hypoxia, at high dose, it
      decreased pulmonary arterial pressure, unlike the two other agents. However, in
      common with them, nisoldipine also caused systemic hypotension. After medium and
      high dose nisoldipine and after high dose nifedipine, PVR remained close to
      normoxic control levels during both hypoxic and PGF 2 alpha challenges. Both
      medium dose nisoldipine (5 X 10(-8) M/kg) and high dose nifedipine (5 X 10(-7)
      M/kg) reduced hypoxic PVR by 39% of the untreated hypoxic value. Although
      nisoldipine is more effective in reducing pulmonary hypertension than nifedipine
      or bepridil, it also causes marked systemic hypotension. This lack of specificity
      may limit the therapeutic potential of this agent when given i.v.

PMID- 3872361
TI  - Dysmenorrhea and cold exposure.
AB  - As part of a health study undertaken at the request of the employees of eight
      Quebec poultry slaughterhouses, 213 women workers and 105 housewives responded to
      a self-administered questionnaire on menstruation. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea
      among the workers was determined for the last menstrual period and compared with
      that in the reference group, consisting of full-time housewives married to male
      slaughterhouse workers. The women slaughterhouse workers had a significantly
      higher prevalence of dysmenorrhea (73.2%) than the housewives (52.5%) (alpha less
      than 0.001). This difference was analyzed with respect to factors reported to be
      related to dysmenorrhea--age, parity, oral contraceptive use and menstrual
      regularity. Forty-four slaughterhouse workers took sick leave during their last
      menstrual cycle. The relationship between the prevalence of dysmenorrhea, sick
      leave and cold exposure at the workplace was examined. Among the workers the
      prevalence of dysmenorrhea and sick leave increased with increasing cold exposure
      (alpha less than 0.05 and less than 0.02, respectively). An analysis of the
      relationship of dysmenorrhea to cold exposure with respect to age, parity, oral
      contraceptive use and menstrual regularity revealed that factors usually
      associated with a lower frequency of dysmenorrhea do not apply to women working
      in a cold environment. These findings indicate that cold exposure influences the
      menstrual process.

PMID- 3872362
TI  - Rare toxicity with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.

PMID- 3872363
TI  - Sibling pairs affected by chronic arthritis of childhood: evidence for a genetic
      predisposition.
AB  - Twelve families with a sibling pair affected by seronegative juvenile chronic
      arthritis (JCA) were studied. The ratio of HLA haplotype sharing was
      significantly different from that expected. No common haplotype was found. All 10
      sibling pairs concordant for pauciarticular disease shared 2 haplotypes and the
      other 2 pairs shared one haplotype. These findings are evidence of a genetic
      predisposition to develop pauciarticular onset JCA in the families studied and
      suggest the presence of a disease susceptibility gene or genes within the major
      histocompatability complex.

PMID- 3872364
TI  - HLA-DR and MT associations with the clinical and serologic manifestations of
      pauciarticular onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Significant HLA-DR and MT associations were observed with certain clinical and
      serologic manifestations of pauciarticular onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
      (PO-JRA). An increase in the MTI frequency was found in 56 children with PO-JRA
      in comparison to 95 normal controls. This association was limited to children
      with a younger age of onset (less than 6 years) and a persistent pauciarticular
      course. An increase in HLA-DRW8 and a decrease in DR4 were associated with a
      younger age of onset and antinuclear antibody (ANA) seropositivity. In addition,
      an increased frequency of DR5 was seen in ANA positive children. All of these HLA
      DR and MT associations were independent of coassociating Ia specificities.

PMID- 3872365
TI  - HLA-B27 in juvenile chronic arthritis.
AB  - The prevalence of HLA-B27 in 88 patients with juvenile chronic arthritis was
      22/88 (25%) with little variation among the 3 commonly recognized onset types.
      This was significantly more frequent than the prevalence of 9.4% in a Danish
      reference population. A strong association was found between the HLA-B27 antigen
      and 3 subgroups of patients: (1) boys with pauciarticular and late onset disease;
      (2) girls with apophyseal joint fusion; (3) a group of patients in whom the
      clinical picture was compatible with reactive arthritis or incomplete Reiter's
      syndrome. When these 3 subgroups were excluded from the total patient population,
      only 8 of the remaining 63 patients carried the B27 antigen, i.e., 13%, which was
      not significantly different from the prevalence in the reference population.
      Thus, the 3 subgroups account completely for the increase of B27 in the entire
      group of patients.

PMID- 3872366
TI  - A clinical comparison between males and females with ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - Forty-four females and 82 male patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) were
      compared in a retrospective study. No differences were found with respect to age
      at onset of disease, initial symptoms, work performance or peripheral joint
      involvement. Furthermore, males and females did not differ in restriction of
      spinal mobility, chest expansion, frequency of acute anterior uveitis or mean
      concentration of IgA. Males had significantly higher frequency of elevated C
      reactive protein whereas mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate showed no such
      difference.

PMID- 3872367
TI  - Parasitic rheumatism by Endolimax nana. Objections.

PMID- 3872368
TI  - Intestino-arterial fistula following urinary diversion.

PMID- 3872369
TI  - Synthesis and beta-lactamase inhibitory properties of 2 beta-[(acyloxy)methyl]-2
      methylpenam-3 alpha-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxides.
AB  - p-Nitrobenzyl 2 beta-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-2 alpha-methylpenam-3 alpha-carboxylate
      was prepared by reaction of p-nitrobenzyl 2-[2-oxo-3 alpha-bromo-4-(benzothiazol
      2-yldithio)azetidin-1-yl] -2-isopropenylacetate with silver benzoate in the
      presence of iodine. The resulting diester was oxidized to the sulfone with
      potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide, and the bromine and p-nitrobenzyl
      groups were removed by hydrogenolysis to give potassium 2 beta-(benzoyloxy)methyl
      2 alpha-methylpenam-3 alpha-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide. A series of related
      compounds, including the pivaloyl, methoxybenzoyl, p-fluorobenzoyl, and p
      aminobenzoyl derivatives, were prepared in a similar way. All of these compounds
      were potent beta-lactamase inhibitors in vitro against the TEM beta-lactamase
      from Klebsiella pneumoniae A22695 and Bacteroides fragiles A22695 but less active
      against the beta-lactamase from Staphylococcus aureus A9606. All compounds when
      administered orally in a 1:1 combination with amoxicillin did not show any
      significant protection of mice infected with S. aureus A9606. 2 beta
      (Bromomethyl)-2 alpha-methylpenam-3 alpha-carboxylic acid was prepared and
      reacted with silver nitrate to give the nitrate ester. Oxidation with potassium
      permanganate and catalytic reduction afforded 2 beta-(hydroxymethyl)-2 alpha
      methylpenam-3 alpha-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide. 2 beta-(Bromomethyl)-2 alpha
      methylpenam-3 alpha-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide was found to be a strong beta
      lactamase inhibitor, while the 2 beta-hydroxymethyl compound showed only weak
      beta-lactamase-inhibiting properties.

PMID- 3872370
TI  - Analysis of the relationship between T cell subsets and in vitro B cell responses
      in multiple myeloma.
AB  - To determine whether or not recently reported imbalances in putative
      immunoregulatory subsets of T-cells are related to impaired B-cell function in
      patients with multiple myeloma, we enumerated the level of T-lymphocyte subsets
      in and the pokeweed mitogen induced B-cell differentiation responses of blood
      mononuclear cells obtained from 13 patients. T-cell subsets were enumerated with
      the monoclonal antibodies OKT3 (peripheral T cells), OKT4 (helper/inducer cells)
      and OKT8 (suppressor/cytotoxic cells) using the Ortho Spectrum III fluorescence
      analyzer. B-cell differentiation was assessed with a reverse hemolytic plaque
      assay to enumerate immunoglobulin secreting cells in pokeweed mitogen stimulated
      cultures. Compared to controls, patients showed reduced percentages of OKT4
      cells, increased percentages of OKT8 cells, and reduced OKT4/OKT8 ratios.
      Pokeweed mitogen induced responses were heterogeneous, but markedly depressed in
      5/13 patients (hyporesponders). The percentages of OKT4 and OKT8 lymphocytes and
      OKT4/OKT8 ratios were similar in PWM responders and hyporesponders. Furthermore,
      there was no correlation between the ratio and the magnitude of the PWM response
      in individual patients. The data suggest that imbalances in putative
      immunoregulatory subsets of T cells, although common in multiple myeloma, are not
      likely a primary cause of impaired in vitro polyclonal B cell responses seen in
      this disease.

PMID- 3872371
TI  - Effects of immunization of mothers on the immune reaction of their offspring. II.
      Significance of enhanced antigen elimination by maternal antibodies on the
      suppression of the offspring.
AB  - In the offspring of sheep erythrocyte (SRBC)- or chicken erythrocyte (CRBC)
      immunized mothers, generation of cytotoxicity and plaque forming cells (PFC) were
      suppressed, while delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was not. We performed
      experiments to analyse the mechanism of this suppression. Antigen specific
      antibodies, which enhanced opsonization or antibody-dependent cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity (ADCC), might have a close relation to the suppression (1). The
      suppression was weakened by a high-dose of antigen challenge or macrophage
      blockade with colloidal carbon, while enhanced by macrophage activation with
      Corynebacterium parvum. In contrast, secondary immune responses in the offspring
      showed the same amplitude as in normal mice. Therefore, the suppression in the
      offspring might be a result from the early antigen elimination by enhanced
      opsonization or ADCC due to passive antibodies. But, generation of memory cells
      or effector cells of DTH might not be affected in the presence of passively
      transferred antibodies.

PMID- 3872372
TI  - Natural cytostatic cells have a broader range of antitumor activity than natural
      killer cells.
AB  - Natural cytotoxic activity by Thy-1 negative, asialo-GM-1 positive and column
      nonadherent spleen cells was detected against YAC-1 target cells but not against
      Meth-A and EL-4 target cells as reported by many investigators. In the present
      study, on the other hand, natural cytostatic activity was detected in Thy-1
      negative, asialo-GM-1 negative and column-nonadherent cells and this activity was
      effective against YAC-1, Meth-A and EL-4 target cells. Such a cytostatic activity
      was not modified by the functional levels of T cells in the donor mice of
      effector cells. The cytostatic activity against Meth-A and EL-4 target cells was
      detected not only in an allogeneic system but also in a syngeneic system. The
      cytostatic activity was not depressed in a tumor-bearing state in contrast to the
      NK activity. The cytostatic activity as well as the NK activity was detected in
      spleen and peritoneal cells but not in lymph node cells of the various sources.
      The spleen and peritoneal cavity may play a role distinct from that of lymph
      nodes in the resistance against tumor development.

PMID- 3872373
TI  - Fine structure of a membrane anchor domain.
AB  - We describe a detailed deletion analysis of the anchoring domain of a model
      membrane protein. Removal of the 23 contiguous uncharged amino acids from the
      carboxy terminus of the bacteriophage fl gene III protein (pIII) converts it from
      an integral membrane protein to a secreted periplasmic form. Deletions that
      remove six or fewer residues of the hydrophobic core result in no diminution of
      the protein's capacity to anchor in the membrane. Longer deletions into this
      hydrophobic domain gradually destablize the protein-membrane association. pIII
      derivatives with over half of the hydrophobic core deleted retain substantial
      residual anchor function. The basic residues, arginine and lysine, which provide
      a carboxy-terminal boundary for this domain, can be deleted without loss of
      anchoring capacity.

PMID- 3872374
TI  - Crystallization and preliminary X-ray data for the exocellular beta-lactamase of
      Bacillus licheniformis 749/C.
AB  - The exocellular beta-lactamase from Bacillus licheniformis 749/C has been
      crystallized from polyethylene glycol solution at pH 5.5. An X-ray examination of
      the monoclinic crystals shows the space group is P21, with unit cell dimensions a
      = 66.77 A, b = 93.77 A, c = 43.57 A and beta = 104.5 degrees. The asymmetric unit
      consists of two molecules of 28,500 Mr each. The crystals are suitable for
      structure analysis to at least 2 A resolution.

PMID- 3872375
TI  - Nightblindness and vitamin A deficiency in children attending a diarrheal disease
      hospital in Bangladesh.

PMID- 3872376
TI  - A case of granular lymphocyte proliferation with T-cell phenotype.
AB  - Immunological studies were conducted on a case of granular lymphocytosis with
      benign clinical feature. A 60-year-old Japanese woman was found incidentally to
      have lymphocytosis when she had a common cold. A complete blood count showed
      47,200 leukocyte per mm3 with 82% granular lymphocytes, 8% small lymphocytes and
      others. Hemoglobin was 11.5 g/dl and platelet count was 365 X 10(3)/mm3. Surface
      marker study revealed erythrocyte-rosettes 94%, Leu-1 59%, Leu-2a 70%, Leu-3a
      14%, Leu-4 98%, Leu-7 57%, Leu-11 5%, HLA-DR 92%, BA-2 6%, common ALL antigen 4%,
      and surface immunoglobulin 2%. These results suggest granular lymphocyte
      proliferation with T-cell phenotype. Natural killer activity was 4.5%, but it was
      elevated to 11.4% after interleukin-2 stimulation by 2 days' culture. Human T
      cell lymphotropic virus-I antibody was absent. No lymphadenopathy and no
      hepatosplenomegaly were seen, except for bone marrow infiltration of granular
      lymphocytes. The patient has been in good health without any acute distress. The
      leukocyte count has gradually decreased to 12,300/mm3 with 79% lymphocytes in 6
      months of follow-up without any therapy. This case is suggestive of benign
      lymphocytosis, although similar cases have been reported previously as chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia with T-cell marker and/or natural killer function.

PMID- 3872377
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with refractory stomatitis during chemotherapy of cancer].

PMID- 3872378
TI  - T and B lymphocytes in canine lymphosarcoma.

PMID- 3872379
TI  - [Intra-abdominal hemorrhage as a complication of hypertension].

PMID- 3872380
TI  - Characterization of a [3H]methyltrienolone (R1881) binding protein in rat liver
      cytosol.
AB  - The binding of radiolabelled methyltrienolone 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl
      estra-4,9,11-trien-3-one (R1881) to adult male rat liver cytosol has been
      characterized in the presence of Na-molybdate to stabilize steroid-hormone
      receptors, and triamcinolone acetonide to block progestin receptors. Using
      sucrose density gradient analysis, male liver cytosol contains a [3H] R1881
      macromolecular complex which sediments in the 8-9S region. 8S binding of R1881 to
      male rat serum, female liver cytosol or cytosol from a tfm rat cannot be
      demonstrated. Further metabolism of [3H] R1881 following 20h incubation with male
      rat liver cytosol was excluded: In the 8S region 97% of [3H] R1881 was recovered
      by thin layer chromatography. Characteristics of this [3H] R1881-8S binding
      protein include high affinity (Kd = 2.3 +/- 41 nM) and low binding capacity (18.8
      +/- 3.3 fmol/mg cytosol protein), precipitability in 0-33% ammonium sulfate, and
      translocation to isolated nuclei following in vivo R1881 treatment. Whereas, the
      cytosol R1881-receptor is competed for by dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, and
      estradiol, [3H] estradiol binding in the 8S region is not competitive with
      androgens but does compete with diethylstilbestrol. The nuclear androgen binding
      site has a Kd = 2.8 nM for [3H] R1881, and is androgen specific (testosterone
      greater than 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone greater than estradiol greater than
      progesterone greater than cyproterone acetate greater than diethylstilbestrol
      greater than dexamethasone greater than triamcinolone). Since a number of liver
      proteins including the drug and steroid metabolizing enzymes are, in part,
      influenced by the sex-hormone milieu, the presence of a specific androgen
      receptor in male rat liver may provide valuable insight into the regulation of
      these proteins.

PMID- 3872381
TI  - Operation for acute postinfarction mitral insufficiency and cardiogenic shock.
AB  - Since 1973, 11 patients have had emergency valve replacement for severe mitral
      insufficiency and cardiogenic shock within 1 month (mean 10.0 days) of acute
      myocardial infarction. Mean age was 60 years (range 44 to 71 years). Nine
      infarcts affected the inferior wall, one patient had a prior myocardial
      infarction, and only two patients had a history of cardiac symptoms. Ten patients
      had pulmonary edema, five were oliguric (less than 0.5 ml/kg/hr for 12 hours),
      four required endotracheal intubation, nine required preoperative intra-aortic
      balloon support, and three had had a cardiac arrest. Preoperative cardiac index
      averaged 1.7 L/m2/min even with pharmacologic and circulatory support. Eight
      patients had cardiac catheterization and nine had echocardiograms. Left
      ventricular ejection fraction varied from 23% to 83% (mean 51%) and was not
      prognostic. Five patients had papillary muscle rupture and six patients had
      papillary muscle dysfunction. The mitral valve was replaced with a mechanical
      prosthesis in all patients. Five had simultaneous coronary artery bypass grafts.
      Three of five patients with papillary muscle rupture and two of six with
      papillary muscle dysfunction survived hospitalization. Two patients could not be
      weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass, two patients died within 24 hours of low
      cardiac output, and two patients died 3 weeks postoperatively of acute tubular
      necrosis and sepsis following prolonged preoperative cardiogenic shock. The
      interval from onset of shock to operative therapy averaged 1.7 days for survivors
      versus 9.3 days for nonsurvivors. Although the amount of viable left ventricular
      mass cannot be measured preoperatively, we recommend early operation, before
      other organ systems fail, for patients having severe mitral insufficiency and
      cardiogenic shock within 30 days of acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3872383
TI  - Induction of interleukin 2 production in the gibbon ape T cell line MLA 144.

PMID- 3872382
TI  - Myocardial metabolism and ventricular function following cold potassium
      cardioplegia.
AB  - Transient alterations in myocardial metabolism and ventricular function were
      observed after elective coronary bypass grafting despite apparently adequate
      intraoperative protection with cold potassium cardioplegia. Ninety patients had
      serial hemodynamic measurements and coronary sinus catheters inserted. Thirty
      three patients had thermodilution coronary sinus flow catheters inserted to
      measure coronary sinus blood flow and to evaluate the myocardial utilization of
      oxygen and lactate. Nuclear ventriculograms were performed in 43 patients to
      assess ventricular function. Cardiac index fell after discontinuation of
      cardiopulmonary bypass and then rose between 2 and 24 hours postoperatively.
      Myocardial oxygen consumption steadily increased during this period. Myocardial
      lactate production reverted to lactate extraction 30 minutes after reperfusion.
      Reactive hyperemia was present during the first 10 minutes after cross-clamp
      release, and coronary sinus blood flow increased gradually during the first 24
      hours postoperatively. The response to the stress of volume loading (the infusion
      of 250 to 500 ml of a colloid solution) and atrial pacing (at a rate of 110
      beats/min) was evaluated 2 to 4 hours postoperatively (EARLY) and between 4 to 6
      hours postoperatively (LATE). Volume loading resulted in a decrease in lactate
      extraction EARLY and an increase LATE (EARLY: -0.07 +/- 0.35 mmol/L; LATE: 0.08
      +/- 0.32 mmol/L, mean +/- standard deviation not significant). Atrial pacing
      resulted in a decrease in lactate extraction EARLY and an increase LATE (EARLY: 
      0.11 +/- 0.34 mmol/L; LATE: 0.14 +/- 0.36 mmol/L, p less than 0.05). Diastolic
      compliance (the relation between the end-diastolic volume index) decreased
      between EARLY and LATE. Systolic function (the relation between the systolic
      blood pressure and the end-systolic volume index) and myocardial performance (the
      relation between the left ventricular stroke work index and the end-diastolic
      volume index) were unchanged. Ejection fraction correlated inversely with the end
      diastolic volume index and did not represent an independent index of
      contractility. After elective coronary bypass grafting and cold crystalloid
      cardioplegia, myocardial metabolism recovered slowly. Hemodynamic stresses should
      be avoided in the early postoperative period to prevent progressive ischemic
      injury.

PMID- 3872384
TI  - Contamination of commercial leukocyte-derived human interleukin 2 with
      interleukin 1.
AB  - Commercial preparations of human leukocyte-derived IL-2 were tested for the
      presence of contaminating IL-1 by affinity chromatography. Two samples from
      Electro-Nucleonics were found to contain significant amounts of IL-1, suggesting
      that IL-1 may contaminate preparations of leukocyte-derived IL-2.

PMID- 3872385
TI  - Endogenous regulation of macrophage proliferation and differentiation by E
      prostaglandins and interferon alpha/beta.
AB  - Our results indicate that there are at least two levels of interaction involving
      M-CSF stimulation of committed stem cells and mature mononuclear cells. Mature
      cells residing in hematopoietic tissues produce both PGE and IFN alpha/beta upon
      recognition of CSF in their environment. In vitro, both of these mediators act to
      suppress CSF-induced colony formation in a negative feedback manner. However,
      additional evidence indicates that the endogenous IFN acts also to enhance
      functional maturation of the monocyte progeny. Cultures deprived of IFN during
      clonal expansion displayed severely depressed capacities to produce IL-1, to
      resist lytic HSV infection, and to phagocytose opsonized erythrocytes via Fc
      receptors. Thus, it appears that the result of M-CSF stimulation of a mature cell
      is the production of a differentiation signal (IFN alpha/beta), which in turn
      affects an immature cell of the same lineage that responds to the CSF-1 growth
      stimulus. Whether the Ia+ subpopulation of M-CSF responsive progenitor cells
      represents precursors for a separate cell lineage or a subclass of macrophages
      remains to be determined. Similarly, the regulation of these cells by PGE and IFN
      remains to be explored. However, within the parameters of our investigation,
      neither these cells nor their specific regulator, acidic isoferritin, were of
      consequence.

PMID- 3872386
TI  - A cell cycle analysis of murine lymphokines.

PMID- 3872387
TI  - Abstracts from the Arthritis and Rheumatology Council Supported British Society
      for Rheumatology. International Workshop on Interleukin 1. Essex, U.K., November
      24-25, 1984.

PMID- 3872388
TI  - Assessment of neutrophil function in the elderly using antibody coated
      polyacrylamide gel (immunobeads) and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction as a
      combined test.
AB  - Neutrophil function was assessed in 35 elderly individuals (age greater than 75)
      and 20 normal young individuals (age 20-45) by combining ingestion of antibody
      coated polyacrylamide gel and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction in a single test.
      This test evaluates phagocytosis and metabolic integrity simultaneously and
      appears to be a sensitive and reliable test of neutrophil function. No
      significant difference was found (by using this test) between neutrophils from
      healthy elderly people and the neutrophils from young controls, or between the
      sexes in either age group.

PMID- 3872389
TI  - [Pure red-cell aplasia associated with cotrimoxazole].

PMID- 3872390
TI  - [Value of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in dilated myocardiopathy].

PMID- 3872391
TI  - [Therapy of recurrent squamous cell cancers in the ENT area with the sequential
      methotrexate (MTX)/5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) protocol].
AB  - MTX 250 mg./m2 was administered via i.v. push, followed 1 hour later by a 5-Fu
      600 mg./m2 i.v. push. 24 hours after methotrexate, oral leucovorin-rescue started
      with 15 mg. Every 6 hours for a total of 5 doses. The courses were repeated at
      weekly intervals, if the toxicity permitted such repetition. 28 patients could be
      evaluated for response. The overall response rate was 39.2%, with 17.8% (5/28)
      complete response. The mean duration of complete and partial remissions was 30,8
      and 24 weeks, respectively. Subjectively, the patients tolerated the treatment
      very well. Objective toxicity was moderate, and the major side effect was a
      generally mild myelosuppression. Thus, in our experience, this regimen can be
      recommended in the palliative treatment of rSCCHN.

PMID- 3872392
TI  - [Compensatory vestibular performance and rotation perception].
AB  - The pendular test was used to study turning sensations in 31 patients and 24 test
      persons. A steering wheel was attached to the pendular chair, and persons were
      asked to turn against chair rotation. Chair movement, steering wheel and
      horizontal vestibular nystagmus were computer-analysed. The correlation between
      the cumulogram of slow nystagmus phases and steering wheel rotations was
      evaluated. The values of the steering wheel and eye movements were calculated. It
      could be shown that the compensation of the pendular chair by the aid of the
      steering wheel was symmetric in healthy persons, in spite of the presence of
      spontaneous nystagmus. In patients with dizziness, no symmetric reaction was
      recorded.

PMID- 3872393
TI  - [3 years' experience with concentrated autogenous fibrin glue in plastic ENT
      surgery].
AB  - The application of the fibrin tissue glue provides a better postoperative result,
      using skin grafts and flaps, because it provides an increased contact between
      wound area and graft, besides immediate revascularisation. A fibrin tissue glue
      was developed at the ENT Department of the University Clinic of Graz. Its
      fibrinogen is prepared from the patient's own blood, not from controlled donors
      as with the commercial fibrin glues. There is no danger of transmitting
      infectious diseases, or of immunereactions when using this autogenous tissue
      glue. Its production is easy and cheap. Three years of experiences with this
      concentrated autogenous fibrin glue in Plastic ENT Surgery are reported in this
      paper.

PMID- 3872394
TI  - Site of lesion vestibular function testing.
AB  - The results of conventional electronystagmography (ENG) sometimes are confusing.
      The Hallpike alternate binaural bithermal (ABB) caloric test is helpful
      diagnostically except for the group of "sick patients that have a normal test."
      Conventional ENG tests also fall short in the area of objective confirmation of
      patient progress. What does each test tell us regarding site of lesion? 1.
      Alternate binaural bithermal stimulation gives us information about the
      semicircular canals -- particularly the horizontal semicircular canal -- pickup
      head. 2. Simultaneous binaural bithermal stimulation gives information brain stem
      connections -- switching and relay. 3. Rotation testing gives information about
      the processing by the brain -- central control.

PMID- 3872395
TI  - The immunocompromised human host: diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - The immunocompromised human host may be subject to recurrent infection and/or
      malignant transformation. Signs and symptoms of depressed immunity generally
      reflect the degree of compromise. The laboratory diagnosis of the immune
      compromised host is presented. A review is given of the clinical manifestations
      and appropriate current therapy.

PMID- 3872396
TI  - Otolaryngologic and head and neck manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome (AIDS).
AB  - Patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) frequently present with
      signs and symptoms referable to the head and neck. Three hundred ninety-nine
      patients with AIDS presented at the University of California, San Francisco and
      its affiliated hospitals from 1980 to April 1984. One hundred sixty-five patients
      (41%) with AIDS presented with, or had on initial evaluation, head and neck
      manifestations. Of that group, 58 (35%) had cutaneous, oral, and pharyngeal
      lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma; 51 (31%) had oral, pharyngeal, esophageal, or
      laryngeal candidiasis; 36 (22%) had chronic cough and shortness of breath; 13
      (8%) had rapidly enlarging neck masses; and 7 (4%) had herpes simplex lesions.
      With the increasing number of cases of AIDS it is important for the
      otolaryngologist to be aware of these presentations.

PMID- 3872398
TI  - [Emission computed tomography--new radiodiagnostic method].
AB  - A total of 224 patients with different diseases of the brain, lungs, heart, focal
      and chronic liver diseases, voluminous kidney changes and metastatic bone lesions
      were examined. A new radiodiagnostic method of emission computerized tomography
      was used in correlation with planar scintigraphy and x-ray computerized
      tomography. The author showed the value of the method in the diagnosis of the
      disturbed blood circulation of the organs. Its potentialities in the diagnosis of
      focal lesions were considered. A high informative value of the method as compared
      to statistical scintigraphy was noted.

PMID- 3872397
TI  - [18F]-N-Methylspiroperidol: the radioligand of choice for PETT studies of the
      dopamine receptor in human brain.
AB  - N-Methylspiroperidol, the amide N-methyl analogue of the neuroleptic
      spiroperidol, was radiolabeled with fluorine-18, and its distribution in the
      baboon brain was studied using positron emission transaxial tomography.
      Stereospecific binding was demonstrated in the striatum (but not in the
      cerebellum) by pretreatment with (-)- or (+)-butaclamol. The kinetic distribution
      was similar to that of [18F]spiroperidol, but the absolute striatal uptake (in
      percent of administered dose) was at least two-fold higher. Analysis of baboon
      blood at 10 min after injection indicated that less than half of the
      radioactivity in the plasma was due to unchanged radioligand. Analysis of the
      metabolic stability of [18F]-N-methylspiroperidol in rat brain for 4 hr indicated
      that, like [18F]spiroperidol, it is very stable to metabolic transformation in
      the rat central nervous system. Striatal uptake and retention in the rat was five
      fold higher for [18F]-N-methylspiroperidol than for [18F]spiroperidol. These
      results suggest that [18F]-N-methylspiroperidol is an ideal choice for studies of
      the dopamine receptor in humans.

PMID- 3872399
TI  - Influence of sex differences and knee joint position on electrical stimulation
      modulated strength increases.
AB  - This study examined the influence of sex differences and knee joint position on
      the effectiveness of isometric electrical stimulation in improving isometric and
      isokinetic strength. Twenty-seven females and 28 male subjects were assigned to
      either a control group (C) that received no electrical stimulation, to an
      experimental group that received stimulation of the quadriceps with the knee
      flexed at 65 degrees (EF), or to an experimental group that received electrical
      stimulation of the quadriceps with the knee fully extended (EE). Experimental
      subjects received 15 min of electrical stimulation 3 times/wk for a total of 6
      wk. Before and after the study, knee extension strength was measured with a Cybex
      II, isometrically at 65 degrees of knee flexion and isokinetically at 30 degrees
      . s-1, 60 degrees . s-1, 90 degrees . s-1, and 120 degrees s-1. Multivariate
      analysis of covariance, using the pretests as the covariate, revealed no sex
      differences in responsiveness to electrical stimulation. EF was superior to EE at
      30 degrees . s-1 and 120 degrees . s-1 in females and at 120 degrees . s-1 in
      males (P less than 0.05). Male and female EF was superior to C in all tests. EE
      was higher than C at isometric, 30 degrees . s-1, 90 degrees . s-1, and 120
      degrees . s-1 in females and at isometric and 30 degrees . s-1 in males. These
      data suggest that electrical stimulation at the quadriceps can increase isometric
      and isokinetic strength and may be more effective in improving isokinetic
      strength if the knee is flexed during treatment.

PMID- 3872400
TI  - Longitudinal serum lipoprotein changes in white males during adolescence: the
      Bogalusa Heart Study.
AB  - Determinants of follow-up levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C),
      high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and the ratio of LDL-C to HDL-C were
      analyzed in a longitudinal study. White boys (n = 81) aged 11 to 12 years, when
      examined in 1973-1974 (year 1) were reexamined in 1978-1979 (year 6) at ages 16
      to 17 years. During follow-up, mean levels of LDL-C increased from 87.6 mg/dL to
      89.8 mg/dL, mean levels of HDL-C decreased from 67.0 mg/dL to 48.4 mg/dL and the
      mean LDL-C/HDL-C ratio increased from 1.45 to 2.12. Cross-sectional associations
      between the serum lipoproteins and weight, triceps skinfold thickness, and
      ponderosity (wt/ht3) were stronger in year 6 than in year 1. A persistence of
      ranks was observed between year 1 and year 6 for LDL-C (r = 0.61), HDL-C (r =
      0.51), and LDL-C/HDL-C (r = 0.50). Multiple linear regression indicated that year
      6 LDL-C levels were positively related to year 1 LDL-C, year 1 Tanner stage (an
      indication of sexual maturation), and the change in skinfold thickness during
      follow-up. Follow-up LDL-C/HDL-C was related both to change in height
      (negatively) and to change in weight (positively), after controlling for year 1
      LDL-C/HDL-C. These longitudinal findings were similar to those obtained from
      earlier cross-sectional analyses and were further verified on an independent
      cohort of white boys also followed for five years (1976-1977 through 1981
      1982).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3872401
TI  - [Relation between serum and salivary IgA and oral aerobic bacterial flora in
      patients with chronic bronchitis].
AB  - Serum and salivary IgA and oral bacterial flora was determined in specimens
      collected from 28 patients with chronic bronchitis and 7 healthy persons.
      However, in serum IgA levels, the difference between the patients and controls
      was not found statistically significant, the mean salivary IgA level was
      significantly higher in the patients with spastic bronchitis than in infectious
      bronchitis and controls (p less than 0.01). The mean salivary IgA level was
      significantly higher in the patients from whom Haemophilus influenzae was
      isolated, it was lower in the specimens in which gram negative bacilli were
      isolated (p less than 0.01).

PMID- 3872403
TI  - Australian Medical Cyclotron Workshop.

PMID- 3872402
TI  - Fungal endophthalmitis in narcotic abusers. Medical and surgical therapy in 10
      patients.
AB  - The presentation and management of 10 cases of proven or presumptive fungal
      endophthalmitis in narcotic-drug abusers is described. Miconazole was found to be
      an effective agent in some patients when administered in a dosage of 2400 mg/day.
      Eight patients received treatment with a combination of miconazole and
      flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine). Regression of the infection with preservation of
      the eye was observed in each case. However, visual acuity in the affected eye
      improved only in four of the eight patients; it was unchanged in two and had
      deteriorated in the other two. In two patients, who received amphotericin B and
      flucytosine as initial treatment, control of the infection was achieved, but
      vision remained unchanged. Vitrectomy was performed in three patients to remove
      residual sites of infection. However, vision remained unchanged in two of these
      patients and worsened in the third. The selection of individual modalities of
      therapy and responses to treatment are discussed.

PMID- 3872404
TI  - The medical case for an Australian national cyclotron facility.
AB  - Both a national cyclotron and a reactor are necessary to provide Australia with
      the complete range of radioisotopes. For the last 17 years, Australia has been
      well supplied with reactor radioisotopes by the Australian Atomic Energy
      Commission which provides a daily nationwide distribution service, but, to be
      self-sufficient, Australia also needs a national cyclotron. Many cyclotron
      radioisotopes are too short-lived for importation, and the demand can be met only
      by domestic production. Despite the availability of the necessary expertise and
      instrumentation, Australian patients are being denied a wide range of important
      clinical investigations because of the lack of suitable radioisotopes, for
      example, krypton-81m and iodine-123. An Australian medical cyclotron is overdue.
      Australia and New Zealand are the only developed countries that do not possess at
      least one medical cyclotron. The historical events in Australia's quest for a
      medical cyclotron are summarized, and the medical reasons why the writers believe
      that Australia should now acquire its own medical cyclotron are reviewed.

PMID- 3872405
TI  - Abscess of the nasal septum after trauma.
AB  - Although the disorder is said to be uncommon, three cases of abscess of the nasal
      septum, two in adults, one in a child, were seen during a period of four months.
      Each patient had a recent history of nasal trauma and presented with severe nasal
      obstruction. In each case, the septal cartilage was also found to be extensively
      destroyed when the abscess was drained. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in the
      two adult patients, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae in the
      child. When two of the three patients were examined a few months later, the
      septal cartilages appeared to have completely regenerated. In all cases of nasal
      trauma, the septum must be examined to exclude a haematoma or abscess which, if
      detected, must be treated urgently with antibiotic therapy and drainage to
      prevent nasal and intracranial complications.

PMID- 3872406
TI  - In vitro susceptibilities of Haemophilus influenzae isolates from a Veterans
      Administration Medical Center.
AB  - One hundred and one consecutively occurring clinical isolates of H. influenzae,
      from adult male patients, were tested for quantitative antimicrobial
      susceptibility (by broth microdilution) and classification properties. Almost all
      were susceptible to a variety of antimicrobials, except erythromycin and
      ampicillin; 14% were ampicillin resistant. Beta-lactamase was produced by all the
      ampicillin-resistant strains. Most isolates were biotype II (68%) or III (24%).
      Only 6% were serotype b, while 94% were from the lower respiratory tract. When
      isolates were grouped according to biotype, serotype, B-lactamase production and
      site of isolation, there were some significant differences in susceptibilities
      among the groups.

PMID- 3872407
TI  - Capsular variation in experimental strains of Haemophilus influenzae.
AB  - This study sought to demonstrate that clinically untypable strains of Haemophilus
      influenzae are derivable from previously capsulated ones. Penicillin-induced
      forms were employed to explore in vivo and in vitro a possible mechanism of the
      reversible cycle vegetative to L-phase revertant. Normal H. influenzae type b
      (Rab), capsule-deficient strain ATCC 9333, and experimental L-phase and its
      revertants were used in this investigation. Capsular antigens, polyribose
      phosphate (PRP) content of each strain was assayed by orcinol and rocket
      immunoelectrophoretic methods. Intra- and inter-strain PRP differences were
      statistically analysed. Strain differences between in vivo and in vitro passaged
      extracts of strain 9333 and 9333 were significant (t-test P less than 0.01).
      There were also significant differences in vivo and in vitro between penicillin
      treated, L-phase infected mouse isolates and penicillin-free, L-phase infected
      mouse isolates; and also between penicillin-treated, L-phase infected mouse
      isolates and revertant Rab infected mouse isolates (Mann-Whitney U-test P less
      than 0.02, P less than 0.01, respectively). These findings suggest that untypable
      isolates of H. influenzae are derivable from otherwise capsulated strains,
      depending on decapsulating factors in the microenvironment. Clinical implications
      of the findings are discussed.

PMID- 3872408
TI  - Active site studies on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase (I).
AB  - Modification of liquefying alpha-amylase by diethylpyrocarbonate or its photo
      oxidation in the presence of rose bengal caused rapid loss of enzyme activity.
      The photo-oxidation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics giving maximal value at
      pH 8.0. The photo-oxidized enzyme showed a characteristic increase in absorbance
      at 250 nm which was directly proportional to the extent of inactivation.
      Diethylpyrocarbonate at low concentration at pH 6.0 and 30 degrees C completely
      inactivated alpha-amylase. Inactivation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The
      reaction order with respect to inactivation by diethylpyrocarbonate-modified
      enzyme showed increased absorbance at 240 nm which was reversed completely upon
      treatment with NH2OH at 30 degrees C for 16 hr. Calculating the histidine
      residues being modified from the increase in absorbance at 240 nm showed that
      three residues were ethoxyformylated on treatment with diethylpyrocarbonate, of
      which only one was found at the active site. Substrate and competitive inhibitor
      protects the enzyme against both, photo-oxidation, and modification by
      diethylpyrocarbonate, confirming that histidine plays an essential role at the
      alpha-amylase active site.

PMID- 3872409
TI  - Enhancement of murine B cell responses to lipopolysaccharide by supernatants of
      irradiated peripheral blood leukocytes.
AB  - At low cell density, the proliferative response of B cells to lipopolysaccharide
      (LPS) is not detectable. We investigated under these experimental conditions the
      role of several cell populations on the LPS-induced B-cell proliferation. The
      addition to murine B cells of irradiated peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from
      the C3H/HeJ mouse strain, or of culture supernatants of these cells, efficiently
      restored a response to LPS. Similar results were also obtained with irradiated
      PBL from other mouse strains and from rabbits. The activities of the culture
      supernatants were not significantly modified when the PBL were depleted of
      adherent cells or of Thy-1.2 positive cells, thus suggesting that the active
      factors were secreted neither by T cells, nor by monocytes.

PMID- 3872410
TI  - V-myc- and c-myc-encoded proteins are associated with the nuclear matrix.
AB  - A series of extraction procedures were applied to avian nuclei which allowed us
      to define three types of association of v-myc- and c-myc-encoded proteins with
      nuclei: (i) a major fraction (60 to 90%) which is retained in DNA- and RNA
      depleted nuclei after low- and high-salt extraction, (ii) a small fraction (1%)
      released during nuclease digestion of DNA in intact nuclei in the presence of low
      salt buffer, and (iii) a fraction of myc protein (less than 10%) extractable with
      salt or detergents and found to have affinity for both single- and double
      stranded DNA. Immunofluorescence analysis with anti-myc peptide sera on cells
      extracted sequentially with nucleases and salts confirmed the idea that myc
      proteins were associated with a complex residual nuclear structure (matrix-lamin
      fraction) which also contained avian nuclear lamin protein. Dispersal of myc
      proteins into the cytoplasm was found to occur during mitosis. Both c-myc and v
      myc proteins were associated with the matrix-lamin, suggesting that the function
      of myc may relate to nuclear structural organization.

PMID- 3872411
TI  - Immunology of pregnancy.

PMID- 3872412
TI  - Reduction of nitroimidazole derivatives by hydrogenosomal extracts of Trichomonas
      vaginalis.
AB  - The reduction rate of nitroimidazole derivatives by pyruvate:ferredoxin
      oxidoreductase activity in ferredoxin depleted hydrogenosomal extracts of
      Trichomonas vaginalis depended on the one-electron midpoint potential (E7(1)) of
      15 compounds out of the 16 tested. The results showed a linear correlation with a
      positive slope between the logarithm of the rate and the E7(1) in the range from 
      564 to -260 mV. Addition of T. vaginalis ferredoxin stimulated the reduction. The
      additional rate (stimulated rate minus basal rate) was proportional to the
      concentration of ferredoxin and independent of the E7(1) of the compounds. The
      compound with the most positive E7(1) (-243 mV) was, however, reduced more slowly
      than expected. These findings indicate that reduction in the presence of
      ferredoxin is the sum of two processes, i.e. electron transfer directly from
      pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase and from reduced ferredoxin generated by
      pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity. The relative role of ferredoxin in
      reductive activation of nitroimidazole derivatives is greater for compounds with
      more negative E7(1) values. This observation correlates with the high selectivity
      of the more negative 5-nitroimidazoles against anaerobic prokaryotic and
      eukaryotic microorganisms in which ferredoxin plays an important metabolic role.

PMID- 3872414
TI  - Interleukin-1 and the pathogenesis of the acute-phase response.

PMID- 3872413
TI  - Subsets of patients with aplastic anemia identified by flow microfluorometry.
AB  - We used flow microfluorometry to analyze peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from
      50 patients with aplastic anemia, to determine whether patients who would recover
      after immunosuppressive therapy could be distinguished before treatment from
      those who would not recover. Cells were labeled with murine monoclonal antibodies
      that are relatively specific for B cells, T cells, T-cell subsets, and monocytes.
      The data suggested that the number of lymphocytes and the ratios of various
      subclasses of T cells were not useful in identifying patients who were likely to
      recover. The complete absence of monocytes was found to identify patients who
      would not recover, but the presence of monocytes was also sometimes associated
      with lack of recovery. An unexpected finding was the significant (P less than
      0.0001) association between clinical recovery and the presence of a population of
      small cells (4 to 8 micron) that were phenotypically associated with the
      erythroid lineage. If this association is confirmed, flow microfluorometry may be
      useful in selecting the optimal treatment for individual patients with aplastic
      anemia.

PMID- 3872415
TI  - Unusual B-cell cancers that produce bone-resorbing factors and can mimic multiple
      myeloma.

PMID- 3872416
TI  - Expression of an X-linked gene family (XLR) in late-stage B cells and its
      alteration by the xid mutation.
AB  - One of the most extensively studied X-linked immunodeficiency disorder is the xid
      mutation of the mouse strain CBA/N. This mutation may involve a maturational
      defect as xid animals are unable to raise antibodies to soluble polysaccharide
      antigens, a function normally attributed to late-stage B cells. Moreover, studies
      using monoclonal antibodies have defined a B-cell surface antigen (BLA-2 or 14G8)
      that is expressed on most or all immature B lymphocytes, but not on a
      subpopulation of mature splenic B lymphocytes; this late-stage, 14G8 antigen
      negative splenic B-cell subpopulation is apparently absent from mice bearing the
      xid defect. In the accompanying paper we describe the isolation of a cDNA clone
      recognizing a family of genes on the X chromosome, at least some of whose members
      are closely linked to the xid trait. We report here that this gene family, XLR,
      is transcribed in certain B- and T-cell lineage tumours, but not in macrophage
      tumours, or liver or kidney cells. We show that it is transcribed principally in
      late-stage, 14G8-negative B-cell tumours and plasmacytomas, but not in immature B
      cell or pre-B-cell tumours. We are able to detect transcription in all of 12
      plasmacytomas (secretory B-cell tumours) derived from mice with normal X
      chromosomes, but not in three plasmacytomas carrying the xid mutation. These
      data, combined with the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis linking
      the XLR gene family to the xid mutation, suggests that the xid defect occurs
      within a member of this gene family.

PMID- 3872417
TI  - [Endoscopic sclerosing of bleeding esophageal varices].

PMID- 3872418
TI  - [Diabetes insipidus and histiocytosis X in adulthood].

PMID- 3872419
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies in the histopathological diagnosis of non-Hodgkin
      lymphomas.

PMID- 3872420
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 3872421
TI  - Distinction between T gamma lymphocytosis and other T-cell proliferations with
      monoclonal antibodies against T-cell and natural killer (NK) cell subsets.

PMID- 3872422
TI  - Ischemic lesions of the occipital cortex and optic radiations: positron emission
      tomography.
AB  - We used 18-F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) and
      computed tomography (CT) to study eight patients with homonymous hemianopias or
      quadrantanopias due to ischemic lesions of the visual pathways. Four patients
      with ischemic damage to all or part of the occipital lobe had decreased glucose
      metabolism in the affected region. Three patients with ischemic damage limited to
      the optic radiations had decreased glucose metabolism in the portion of striate
      cortex appropriate for the visual field defect. Changes in glucose metabolism
      frequently occurred in the undamaged ipsilateral thalamus and visual association
      areas.

PMID- 3872423
TI  - Safety and handling of MPTP.

PMID- 3872424
TI  - Alzheimer's disease: anterior-posterior and lateral hemispheric alterations in
      cortical glucose utilization.
AB  - We performed dynamic positron emission tomographic studies with
      [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose in 17 subjects with presumed Alzheimer's disease (AD) and
      7 healthy aged subjects. Glucose metabolism was depressed by 27% in temporal
      parietal cortex of the AD group, as compared to healthy aged controls. This focal
      impairment in temporal-parietal glucose use was found in all AD subjects. In
      addition, the AD group showed a striking lateral asymmetry of cortical metabolism
      not favoring either hemisphere, which has not been previously reported.
      Relationships between these focal changes and behavioral features of the illness
      were demonstrated. These results have important implications for the diagnosis
      and perhaps the etiology of Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3872425
TI  - In vivo and in vitro studies on the production of placental proteins (human
      chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, and pregnancy-specific beta 1
      glycoprotein) in an adrenal choriocarcinoma.
AB  - The ectopic production of placental proteins (human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG],
      human placental lactogen, and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein) by an
      adrenal choriocarcinoma was investigated experimentally in vivo and in vitro. By
      an immunohistochemical method, the choriocarcinoma tissues obtained from the
      right adrenalectomy were found to react with hCG, human placental lactogen, and
      pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein antibodies. The concentrations of hCG
      beta, human placental lactogen, and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein in the
      tumor fluid were 1480, 100, and 47 ng/mL, respectively. On incubation of the
      tumor slices in vitro, the concentration of hCG-beta in the incubation medium
      increased markedly with time. Serial sections of the removed uterus and right
      ovary did not reveal any primary trophoblastic lesions. The present tumor
      responded well to double chemotherapy with actinomycin D and methotrexate,
      resulting in a decrease of the level of serum hCG-beta to less than 10 ng/mL
      after four courses of the chemotherapy.

PMID- 3872426
TI  - Single-dose metronidazole for Gardnerella vaginalis.

PMID- 3872427
TI  - Aortic valve replacement with concomitant myocardial revascularization.

PMID- 3872428
TI  - Simultaneous coronary artery bypass and noncardiac operations.

PMID- 3872429
TI  - Nd-YAG laser in our experience.
AB  - The authors report on their experience with Microruptor 2, Fankhauser's YAG
      laser. Over a period of about 18 months, approximately 500 patients with
      different pathological conditions of the eye were treated. The treatments were
      noninvasive and given to outpatients under surface anesthesia. The instrument is
      suitable for use in cases requiring splitting of cataract residues, in
      capsulotomies (also in the presence of intraocular lenses), in the treatment of
      iridocorneal adhesions, in the prophylaxis of acute attacks of glaucoma, in
      ectopia pupillae, and in selected cases of vitreous membranes and strands.

PMID- 3872430
TI  - Standard Pseudoisochromatic Plates part 2.
AB  - The Standard Pseudoisochromatic Plates part 2 are able to detect acquired blue
      yellow color vision defects as well as acquired and congenital red-green color
      vision defects. One test plate might be age dependent. The value of 3 test plates
      is not clear.

PMID- 3872431
TI  - Map-fingerprint-dot changes in the corneal epithelial basement membrane following
      radial keratotomy.
AB  - Corneal epithelial opacities similar to those seen in corneal epithelial basement
      membrane dystrophy were seen in 33 of 71 eyes following radial keratotomy. These
      changes were clinically indistinguishable from those seen in map-fingerprint-dot
      dystrophy with map type changes seen most often. Basement membrane changes tended
      to be transient (persisting less than 3 months in 75.3% of eyes) and not usually
      visually significant. However, three eyes had changes which persisted for 12
      months. Most eyes with basement membrane changes had involvement of less than one
      half quadrant of the corneal (68%). Involvement of two or more quadrants occurred
      in 9.4% of eyes with these changes. One eye had visually significant changes
      which persisted for 3 months. There were no episodes of recurrent erosion.

PMID- 3872432
TI  - Radiographic, clinical, and histopathologic evaluation with surgical treatment of
      Forestier's disease.
AB  - Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (Forestier's disease) is a common
      disorder found in the spinal region, but the notable finding in this case
      presentation is the associated dysphagia and dysphonia that occurred with it.
      Asymptomatic hypertrophic spurs of the anterior surface of the cervical vertebrae
      may occur in 20% to 30% of the population. Rarely, dysphagia and/or dysphonia may
      be caused by these cervical osteophytes pressing against the esophagus, trachea,
      or pharyngeal tissues. A recent case of spondylitic dysphagia exhibited striking
      radiographic and computerized tomographic (CT) findings. In this case, the
      anterior cervical exostosis was resected through the anterior cervical approach
      with excellent relief of dysphagia.

PMID- 3872433
TI  - Immunohistochemical identification of alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1
      antichymotrypsin, and lysozyme in focal hyperplastic gingivitis.
AB  - Tissues from twenty-four patients with focal hyperplastic gingival lesions
      containing calcification were stained for lysozyme (muramidase), alpha-1
      antitrypsin, and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. In eighteen of the twenty-four cases
      the tissues stained positively for lysozyme, and in all instances the tissues
      stained positively for alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. These
      data suggest that the fibrous components of these lesions are derived from tissue
      histiocytes.

PMID- 3872434
TI  - Computed tomographic findings in Meniere's disease.
AB  - Symptoms in Meniere's disease are explained by hydrops of the endolymphatic
      system with recurrent ruptures of the membranous labyrinth. The primary cause of
      the increased endolymphatic volume appears to be an imbalance between secretion
      and resorption of endolymph which may be due to an obstruction of the
      endolymphatic duct and sac, located in the vestibular aqueduct (VA). Non
      visualization or narrowing of the latter have been demonstrated by conventional
      tomography. Also, sclerosis and hypoplasia of the retrolabyrinthine portions of
      the temporal bone have been documented. By high resolution computed tomography
      (CT) we prospectively tried to demonstrate morphological alterations in 10
      patients with Meniere's disease. These were compared with a group of 14 non
      Meniere patients. Visualization of the VA as well as perilabyrinthine
      pneumatization were assessed and the width of the retrolabyrinthine part of the
      temporal bone was measured. Whereas there was a slight difference in the average
      retrolabyrinthine width (3.8 mm in Meniere versus 5.8 in non-Meniere cases) and
      degree of pneumatization, there was a distinctly decreased visualization of the
      VA in the Meniere group. As findings were always bilateral and only 3 of 20
      temporal bones showed peripheral hypopneumatization, possibly due to chronic
      otitis media, the theory of a predisposing constitutional abnormality must be
      taken into consideration. However, we were not able to confirm a statistically
      proven usefulness of the CT technique in identifying an anatomical abnormality
      which is directly in correlation with the side of the lesion in cases of
      unilateral Meniere's disease.

PMID- 3872435
TI  - Vestibular training after sudden loss of vestibular functions.
AB  - 12 cases of unilateral labyrinthectomy, 3 cases of VIIIth nerve section, 22 cases
      of streptomycin sulfate infusion into the middle ear cavity and 8 cases of
      bilateral vestibular a-functions underwent vestibular training. Our training is
      very useful for regaining equilibrium and for evaluating the effects of training
      on equilibrium by recording the gravity center movements.

PMID- 3872436
TI  - [Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency causing liver damage in young infants].

PMID- 3872437
TI  - [Epidemiologic study in the Magdeburg district in the analysis of morbidity
      including psychoneurologic disorders].

PMID- 3872438
TI  - [Cross-sectional studies on morbidity in and following the maternity year of 200
      home and child day care center children].

PMID- 3872439
TI  - Modification of haemophiliac haemorrhage pain by transcutaneous electrical nerve
      stimulation.
AB  - Haemophiliacs suffer considerable pain when they bleed into their joints. This
      study investigated the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
      for relief of such pain. Thirty-six haemophiliac patients received either active
      or placebo TENS treatment. The intensity of pain was assessed before and after
      treatment using the McGill Pain Questionnaire. After 25 min of active treatment,
      71% of the subjects reported at least 50% pain relief as measured by the McGill
      Pain Questionnaire. This compares with only 25% pain relief experienced by the
      placebo group.

PMID- 3872440
TI  - [Effect of electroacupuncture on the conduction of afferent signals in the
      superior colliculus].

PMID- 3872441
TI  - Epidermal growth factor binding to neonatal mouse skin explants and membrane
      preparations--effect of triiodothyronine.
AB  - Daily treatment of newborn Swiss-Webster mice with triiodothyronine (T3, 500
      ng/day) increased epidermal growth factor (EGF) content in whole skin (epidermis
      + dermis). Separation of the epidermis using 0.01 M dithiothreitol followed by
      processing for radioimmunoassay measurement reveals levels of EGF 2-to 3-fold
      higher in epidermis than in whole skin. In vitro flotation of circular skin
      sections from control and T3 treated neonatal mice in medium containing [I125]EGF
      showed increased uptake of label following 5 days of in vivo T3 treatment. Mouse
      skin membrane preparations exhibit saturable, specific binding of [I125]EGF. T3
      treatment for 5 days in vivo significantly increased EGF binding capacity in skin
      membrane preparations but did not alter EGF receptor affinity (Kd 4.5 nM).
      Protein, RNA, and DNA concentrations were significantly increased in whole
      neonatal mouse skin following T3 administration. These results suggest one
      mechanism by which thyroid hormones increase skin EGF concentration is
      augmentation of skin EGF receptor binding.

PMID- 3872442
TI  - Epidermal growth factor in mouse ocular tissue: effects of thyroxine and
      exogenous epidermal growth factor.
AB  - Using a specific and sensitive epidermal growth factor (EGF) radioimmunoassay, we
      identified radioimmunoassayable EGF both in developing and adult mouse ocular
      tissues. In neonatal animals ocular EGF concentrations increase during the first
      4-9 days and then decline between 9 and 15 days. Thyroxine (T4) administration
      (0.4 micrograms/g body weight/day from day 0) increased local EGF concentrations
      in eye and skin of 7-day-old neonatal mouse pups. However, this treatment did not
      affect submandibular gland EGF concentrations during the 1st wk of life. Both EGF
      and T4 are known to accelerate eye opening in the neonatal mouse. Exogenous EGF
      administration (2 micrograms/g body weight/day) during the first 8 days of life
      elicited precocious eyelid opening as expected but did not alter the serum T4
      concentration, suggesting that EGF does not mediate eye opening by T4 dependent
      mechanism(s). Tissue EGF measurements revealed that the exogenous EGF was
      localized in skin and eye; however, other tissues including lung, liver, heart
      and submandibular gland also contained exogenous EGF. Kidney-EGF concentrations
      did not rise while brain-EGF levels were significantly decreased after exogenous
      EGF, suggesting that different EGF uptake and regulatory mechanism(s) exist in
      different tissues during the neonatal period. T4 administration (0.4 micrograms/g
      body weight/day) for 10 days to adult mice also increased ocular-EGF
      concentrations. However, this increase was abolished by sialoadenectomy,
      suggesting in contrast to the newborn, that submandibular gland is an important
      source of ocular-EGF in adult mice. These studies indicate that ocular EGF in the
      mouse is thyroxine responsive only during the neonatal period.

PMID- 3872443
TI  - Indices of protein metabolism in term infants fed human milk, whey-predominant
      formula, or cow's milk formula.
AB  - Relationships between intakes of amino acids and total nitrogen, and blood
      indices of protein utilization were studied in 37 term infants fed either human
      milk, whey-predominant formula, or cow's milk formula as the sole nutritional
      source for 8 weeks. Biochemical analyses of two-hour fasting blood samples, and
      intakes calculated using three-day dietary records and direct analyses of milk
      samples were used to evaluate these relationships. Intakes of total nitrogen were
      positively correlated with plasma valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and
      serum urea nitrogen concentrations (r = .46 to .62, P less than .01 to .001).
      Intakes of the four amino acids whose plasma concentrations were positively
      correlated with total nitrogen intakes plus four additional amino acids
      (threonine, tyrosine, histidine, and methionine) were correlated with their
      respective plasma concentrations (r = .41 to .74, P less than .01 to .001). These
      relationships have not been previously described in term infants. Compared with
      values in infants fed human milk, plasma concentrations of valine, phenylalanine,
      methionine, and serum urea nitrogen were elevated with whey-predominant formula
      and cow's milk formula feeding. Values for four additional amino acids
      (threonine, lysine, leucine, and isoleucine) were elevated with whey-predominant
      formula feeding. Data indicate that altering the whey-to-casein ratio and, thus,
      the amino acid pattern of formulas will not achieve the desired blood indices
      characteristic of human milk feeding without a reduction in the total nitrogen
      content of formulas.

PMID- 3872444
TI  - Passive electrical properties and voltage dependent membrane capacitance of
      single skeletal muscle fibers.
AB  - The passive membrane capacitance and conductance of isolated single muscle fibers
      were investigated using a vaseline gap method. The results obtained with this
      method are consistent with those obtained using the microelectrode technique. It
      was confirmed that the membrane capacitance of skeletal muscle consisted of a
      large capacitance of tubular membrane (7-10 microF/cm2) and a much smaller
      capacitance of surface membrane (1-2 microF/cm2). The relative time constants of
      these two components vary from one sample to another, resulting in one time and
      two time constant behaviors. Secondly, the capacitance of isolated skeletal
      muscle fibers was investigated during hyper- and depolarizing pulses, using the
      transient bridge technique with the vaseline gap method. Measurements were
      performed at two frequencies, i.e. 500 Hz and 20 kHz. It was found that the
      membrane capacitance increased by 15-20% with depolarizations. The voltage
      dependent membrane capacitance was not affected by the addition of tetrodotoxin
      in bathing solution blocking sodium current and muscle contraction. Also,
      blocking both Na and K current did not have an appreciable effect on the non
      linear behavior of membrane capacitance. The origin of voltage dependent
      capacitance in muscle membrane appears to be distributed among several non-linear
      ionic processes such as Na and K currents and the flux of Ca and Cl ions and
      their accumulation.

PMID- 3872445
TI  - Disseminated histoplasmosis and pulmonary cavitation in an infant with alpha-1
      antitrypsin deficiency.

PMID- 3872446
TI  - Disc inhibition zones of rifampin against Haemophilus influenzae type b.

PMID- 3872447
TI  - [Hemophilia].

PMID- 3872448
TI  - [Value of computerized tomography and other diagnostic tests in the diagnosis and
      treatment of meningeal complications of malignant lymphomas].

PMID- 3872449
TI  - Aminoglycoside ototoxicity. An update, with implications for all drug therapies.

PMID- 3872450
TI  - A joint-protection guide for nonarticular rheumatic disorders.

PMID- 3872451
TI  - Alpha-1-antitrypsin associated liver disease in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Two cases of alpha-1-antitrypsin associated liver disease occurring in patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis are described. Both presented with abnormal liver
      function tests and the true diagnosis was only apparent after liver biopsy and
      detailed serological studies. The concurrence of these two conditions is
      noteworthy because of the postulated role of proteolytic enzymes in producing the
      characteristic cartilaginous erosions of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3872452
TI  - [Bioluminescent method of determining picomolar amounts of nicotinamide-adenine
      dinucleotide using an immobilized extract of the luminescent bacterium Beneckea
      harveyi].
AB  - The luminous bacteria Beneckea Harveyi were immobilized on BrCN-sepharose and
      cellulose films activated with cyanuric chloride. Preparations with high
      luciferase and FMN-reductase activities were obtained, which showed no background
      luminescence without NADH being added. The storage conditions for the
      preparations obtained were optimized, and their kinetic parameters and
      thermostability were studied. Standard curves for NADH determining within the
      concentration range 1 nM-1 microM were plotted with the detection level of 1
      picomol NADH. The preparations are very promising for bioluminescent assay due to
      their high activity, simple production, high stability during storage and a
      possibility for the repeated use.

PMID- 3872453
TI  - [Tuberculin therapy in the complex treatment of children with intrathoracic
      tuberculosis in a sanatorium].

PMID- 3872454
TI  - [BCG vaccination--the main method for the specific prevention of tuberculosis in
      children and adolescents].

PMID- 3872455
TI  - [Tuberculosis infection in preschool and schoolchildren].

PMID- 3872456
TI  - Role of the Bp35 cell surface polypeptide in human B-cell activation.
AB  - A 35-kDa polypeptide, Bp35, expressed on the surface of all B cells, plays a role
      in B-cell activation. Monoclonal antibodies to Bp35 stimulate human tonsillar B
      cells to proliferate. The activation induced by anti-Bp35 is similar to anti-Ig
      mediated in several ways: the activation does not require T cells but is
      augmented by T-cell-derived allogeneic factors; monovalent Fab fragments to Bp35
      do not trigger proliferation but instead block activation by whole antibody,
      indicating that cross-linking is required; and induction by anti-Bp35, like the
      induction by anti-Ig, is inhibited by monoclonal anti-IgM via an Fc domain
      dependent mechanism. However, several features of anti-Bp35-mediated
      proliferation are clearly different from activation by anti-Ig: anti-Bp35
      monoclonal antibodies do not require attachment to beads to function, the
      proliferation induced by anti-Bp35 and anti-Ig is additive, and Fab fragments of
      anti-Bp35 augment proliferation induced by anti-Ig. Models for the possible
      function of the Bp35 polypeptide as either a "bridge" or a "second signal" with
      surface Ig in B-cell activation are discussed.

PMID- 3872457
TI  - Influenza A virus nucleoprotein is a major target antigen for cross-reactive anti
      influenza A virus cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
AB  - Influenza A virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) capable of lysing cells
      infected with any influenza A virus ("cross-reactive CTL") constitute a major
      portion of the host CTL response to influenza. The viral nucleoprotein (NP), a
      major internal virion structural protein, has been implicated as a possible
      target antigen for cross-reactive CTL. To directly examine CTL recognition of NP,
      a vaccinia virus recombinant containing a DNA copy of an influenza A virus NP
      gene was constructed. We found that murine cells infected with this virus were
      efficiently lysed in a major histocompatibility complex-restricted manner by
      cross-reactive CTL populations obtained by immunization with a variety of
      influenza A virus subtypes. In addition, the recombinant vaccinia virus
      containing the PR8 NP gene was able to both stimulate and prime for a vigorous
      secondary cross-reactive CTL response. Significantly, splenocytes from mice
      primed by inoculation with the recombinant vaccinia virus containing the PR8 NP
      gene could be stimulated by influenza A viruses of all three major human
      subtypes. Finally, unlabeled target competition experiments suggest that NP is a
      major, but not the sole, viral target antigen recognized by cross-reactive CTL.

PMID- 3872458
TI  - Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and overexpression of the bacteriophage T4 regA
      gene.
AB  - The bacteriophage T4 regA gene codes for a regulatory protein that controls the
      expression of a number of T4 early genes, apparently at the level of translation.
      Restriction fragments containing the regA structural gene have been cloned into
      phage M13, and the nucleotide sequence has been determined. Translation of the
      DNA sequence predicted that regA protein contains 122 amino acids, with a Mr of
      14,620. A DNA fragment carrying 85% of the coding sequence of regA has been
      cloned into the phage lambda leftward promoter PL expression vector pAS1, and a
      high level of truncated regA protein was produced by nalidixic acid induction.
      Protein chemical studies of the truncated regA protein gave results consistent
      with the nucleotide sequence of the regA gene. Subsequently, an intact regA gene
      was cloned into plasmid pAS1 and overexpressed. The regA protein produced in this
      way regulates the level of T4 45 and 44 proteins when their corresponding genes
      are carried on the same plasmid as the regA gene.

PMID- 3872461
TI  - The Italian birth defects monitoring system: baseline rates based on 283,453
      births and comparison with other registries.

PMID- 3872459
TI  - Alternative RNA processing events in human calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related
      peptide gene expression.
AB  - Two mRNAs generated as a consequence of alternative RNA processing events in
      expression of the human calcitonin gene encode the protein precursors of either
      calcitonin or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Both calcitonin and CGRP
      RNAs and their encoded peptide products are expressed in the human pituitary and
      in medullary thyroid tumors. On the basis of sequence comparison, it is suggested
      that both the calcitonin and CGRP exons arose from a common primordial sequence,
      suggesting that duplication and rearrangement events are responsible for the
      generation of this complex transcription unit.

PMID- 3872460
TI  - Parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin, N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 -tetrahydropyridine:
      uptake of the metabolite N-methyl-4-phenylpyridine by dopamine neurons explains
      selective toxicity.
AB  - N-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) produces neuropathological
      and clinical abnormalities in humans, monkeys, and mice that closely resemble
      idiopathic parkinsonism. N-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+), a metabolite of MPTP
      formed by monoamine oxidase B, is accumulated into striatal and cerebral cortical
      synaptosomes by the dopamine and norepinephrine uptake systems, respectively,
      whereas MPTP itself is not accumulated. The potencies of drugs in inhibiting
      [3H]MPP+ or [3H]dopamine uptake into striatal synaptosomes are very similar, as
      are potencies in inhibiting [3H]MPP+ or [3H]norepinephrine uptake into cortical
      synaptosomes. The Km values for [3H]MPP+ uptake are 170 and 65 nM and the Vmax
      values are 2 and 0.1 nmol/g of tissue per min in rat striatum and cortex,
      respectively, similar to values for [3H]dopamine uptake, Autoradiography of
      accumulated [3H]MPP+ in slices of rat brain shows high densities in the caudate
      putamen and nucleus accumbens. Furthermore, blockade of dopamine uptake by
      mazindol prevents MPTP-induced damage to nigrostriatal dopamine neurons,
      indicating that MPP+ concentration into dopamine neurons explains their selective
      destruction by MPTP.

PMID- 3872462
TI  - Dopaminergic agents including 3-PPP and its enantiomers on medial septal self
      stimulation.
AB  - The effects of several dopamine agonists were determined on medial septal self
      stimulation in rats and compared with selected dopamine antagonists and with the
      psychostimulants, d-amphetamine and nomifensine. Apomorphine, 3-PPP, TL-99, N,N
      dipropyl-5,6-ADTN and N,N-dipropyl-6,7-ADTN inhibited self-stimulation at dose
      ranges selective for the dopamine autoreceptor as indicated by biochemical
      studies. Haloperidol and molindone produced dose-related inhibition but sulpiride
      increased self-stimulation. D-amphetamine and nomifensine also increased
      responding. The agonist-induced inhibition differed from neuroleptic-induced
      inhibition of self-stimulation. Both (+) and (-) 3-PPP inhibited responding by a
      similar amount over the dose range 0.25-1.0 mg/kg. At higher doses, (-) 3-PPP
      further decreased responding whereas the effects of (+) 3-PPP plateaued at
      approximately 55% of controls. These studies show that dopamine agonists, like
      neuroleptics, inhibit medial septal self-stimulation. This effect appears to be
      mediated via autoreceptor activation. Differences between neuroleptic- and
      agonist-induced inhibition and the 3-PPP stereoisomer data accord with the
      hypothesis that behavioural inhibitory effects caused by autoreceptor activation
      are less severe than those caused by dopamine postsynaptic blockade.

PMID- 3872463
TI  - Dielectric properties of frog tissues in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - The relative permittivity and conductivity of blood, physiological saline,
      abdominal skin, skeletal muscle and heart of the bullfrog Rana Catesbeiana were
      measured at frequencies between 200 MHz and 8 GHz both in vivo and in vitro using
      an open-ended coaxial line probe in conjunction with an automatic network
      analyser. The results, when compared to published data on the dielectric
      properties of various tissues of the same and other species, indicate that: (i)
      the relative permittivity of frog skeletal muscle is similar to that of other
      species, except for the barnacle; (ii) the dielectric properties of frog heart
      are within the same range as for other species; (iii) differences exist between
      values obtained for heart in vivo and in vitro; and (iv) the dielectric
      properties of frog skin and blood compare well with those of human skin and
      blood.

PMID- 3872464
TI  - Effect of resolution improvement on required count density in ECT imaging: a
      computer simulation.
AB  - The effects of changes in spatial resolution and total number of counts on image
      quality were investigated for positron and single photon emission computed
      tomography (ECT) systems. A variety of high contrast phantoms were generated in a
      computer simulation and count density and spatial resolution were varied
      independently over a wide range. As system spatial resolution is improved,
      significantly fewer counts are needed to give images of comparable visual
      quality. Using 100% object contrast, it was found that the number of counts could
      be reduced by a factor of four for a 2 mm improvement in spatial resolution over
      a wide range of parameters. This is due to the fact that image contrast increases
      rapidly with spatial resolution improvements in high contrast objects such as
      those used in this simulation and typically encountered in brain and cardiac ECT
      studies.

PMID- 3872465
TI  - Induction of chromosome aberrations in ICR 2A frog cells exposed to 265-313 nm
      monochromatic ultraviolet wavelengths and photoreactivating light.

PMID- 3872466
TI  - Correlates of use and expected use of smokeless tobacco among kindergarten
      children.

PMID- 3872467
TI  - [Anaphylactic transfusion reaction, under general anesthesia, caused by anti-IgA
      antibodies].

PMID- 3872468
TI  - [Vascular ectasia of the colon as a cause of recurrent hemorrhage].

PMID- 3872469
TI  - [Methodology of geriatric research].
AB  - Starting from the basic equation of research on aging [behaviour = f (age)],
      various issues involved in defining the subject-matter of that research are
      discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of aging research methods (i.e. cross
      sectional, longitudinal, and time-lag study, cohort analysis), evolved by
      extension of the basic equation, are put forth and are critically discussed in
      terms of the relevancy of the findings obtained.

PMID- 3872470
TI  - Static lung compliance during the development of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana.
AB  - The static compliance of excised lungs was measured during the metamorphic
      development of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Absolute static compliance of
      excised lungs increased with developmental stage from 0.02(+/- 0.01 SD) ml/cm H2O
      at Taylor-Kollros (TK) stage III to 34.67(+/- 15.00 SD) ml/cm H2O for adults.
      When static lung compliance was standardized by dividing by the lung volume at 4
      cm H2O transmural pressure (approximately maximal capacity), lung compliance was
      relatively constant during early development and increased at the onset of
      metamorphic climax (TK stage XX). Although the absolute lung compliances of
      developing tadpoles are small, the volume-specific compliances are three to four
      times greater than those of some mammals. The compliance-independent index of
      hysteresis also increased during development from 0.0008(+/- 0.0006 SD) cm at TK
      stage V to 1.36(+/- 1.21 SD) cm for adults suggesting increases in pulmonary
      structural complexity and/or an increase in the production and secretion of a
      pulmonary surfactant-like substance. These developmental changes in pulmonary
      compliance and hysteresis mirror the increasing utility of the lung for gas
      exchange during the metamorphosis of the bullfrog.

PMID- 3872471
TI  - [Tenzcare].

PMID- 3872473
TI  - [Treatment of psoriatic rheumatism with a retinoid derivative: etretinate. Open
      preliminary trial on 12 patients reviewed after 6 months].

PMID- 3872472
TI  - Interleukin-1-like activities in synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis and traumatic synovitis.
AB  - Interleukin-1 (Il-1)-like activity in biological fluids was measured by their
      ability to rectify the Il-1-dependent lymphokine production of highly purified T
      lymphocytes to a recall antigen. Il-1-like activity was found in 9 of 11 synovial
      fluid (SF) specimens from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but only in 2
      of 11 paired RA sera. In traumatic synovitis, low Il-1-like activity was recorded
      in 5 of 9 SF specimens, and a similar low activity was found in sera of 4 of
      these patients. The Il-1-like activity was partly absorbed by an anti-Il-1
      antibody. The presence of Il-1 in the SF of patients with RA suggests in vivo
      activation of monocytes/macrophages.

PMID- 3872474
TI  - [Diagnosis of the Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome in rheumatology. II--Test strategy].
AB  - The diagnostic evaluation of the sicca complex in rheumatology depends, on the
      one hand, upon performing tests and, on the other hand, upon the specific
      clinical presentations which lead to these tests. The frequency with which the
      clinical problem is encountered should be taken into account as well as the
      probability of whether or not the patient does indeed have the sicca complex, and
      the necessity of making a precise diagnosis. A labial biopsy should be performed
      when it is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Schirmer's test is useful to
      evaluate the ocular component of the sicca complex, which is the only component
      requiring therapy. In other cases, one examination can follow another in sequence
      such as salivary nucleotide scanning followed by biopsy and histological
      examination.

PMID- 3872475
TI  - [Self-medication in rheumatologic consultation. Apropos of a study on 895
      patients].
AB  - A study was undertaken to evaluate the use of self-administered medication in 895
      patients with rheumatologic disorders by all of the 18 rheumatologists practicing
      in one region (the southern portion of the Loire Department and all of the Haute
      Loire Department) over a six-day period. It was noted that 445 out of 895
      patients (49.72 percent) reported taking one or several medications other than
      those prescribed during the previous 3 month period before their office visit.
      Self-administered medications were taken at least weekly in 53.5 percent of cases
      and at least monthly in 83,7 percent. Most often one or two medications were
      involved (60.9 and 25.6 percent respectively). Age, profession, the presence or
      absence of psychiatric disturbances, the duration of the doctor-patient
      relationship, as well as the patient's specific rheumatologic problem seemed to
      be influencing factors. Aspirin or other analgesics comprised 53.1 percent of the
      medication taken, whereas other non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents comprised
      only 2.3 percent. No steroids were self-administered. There are multiple
      potential side effects with self-administered drugs: therapy can be poorly suited
      for the illness in question, it may delay diagnosis and the beginning of
      effective therapy, there can be increased iatrogenic risk due to inadequate
      therapy, and unnecessary expense. Drugs used as self-administered medications
      originate most often from previous medical prescriptions which may or may not
      have been prescribed for the patient's same medical problem (34.4 percent), and
      most medication used was bought without needing a prescription (52.4 percent).
      Prevention, therefore, requires that potential consumers of self-administered
      drugs be educated concerning these problems, as well as health professionals, the
      pharmaceutical industry, and concerned government agencies.

PMID- 3872476
TI  - Injection sclerotherapy of bleeding oesophageal and gastric varices in children.
AB  - During a 4-year period (1980-1984) nine children aged 11/2 to 13 years with acute
      or recent bleeding from gastro-oesophageal varices were treated by injection
      sclerotherapy. Chronic liver disease was the cause of portal hypertension in
      three and extrahepatic portal venous obstruction in six. Seven had experienced
      recurrent bleeding episodes, and massive haemorrhage initiated treatment in two
      children. Seven patients rebled before eradication of all critical varices and
      two after, both from ulcers at the site of injection. All critical varices were
      eradicated in the nine children within a median of 11/2 months, after a median of
      five courses of injections. No further variceal bleeding occurred during the
      follow-up period of up to 57 months (mean, 20.9 months). Complications included
      oesophageal and gastric ulcers in four patients. One patient with congenital
      hepatic fibrosis and aortic insufficiency died of septicaemia 19 months after
      entering the treatment.

PMID- 3872477
TI  - [Effect of interferon-alpha 2 (E. coli) in hairy cell leukemia].
AB  - Recombinant interferon-alpha 2 (E. coli) produced a clinically significant
      improvement in hemoglobin, granulocytes and platelets in 7 of 8 patients with
      hairy cell leukemia. Response to treatment was already noticeable in the fourth
      treatment week. In one case without improvement after 120 days, treatment was
      stopped. So far only one complete remission has been documented. Because of the
      remarkable improvement in the peripheral blood values, the induction of a
      complete remission may not be the ultimate goal of interferon treatment. The side
      effects of this subcutaneous low-dose treatment consisted mainly of mild flu-like
      symptoms of short duration. The results obtained with recombinant interferon
      alpha 2 confirm the initial observation by Quesada et al. with partially purified
      leukocyte-interferon. In our experience, these results are superior to those
      obtained in similar conditions with chlorambucil.

PMID- 3872478
TI  - Interleukin-1 stimulation of astroglial proliferation after brain injury.
AB  - The interleukins, which have a regulatory role in immune function, may also
      mediate inflammation associated with injury to the brain. In experiments to
      determine the effect of these peptide hormones on glial cell proliferation in
      culture, interleukin-1 was a potent mitogen for astroglia but had no effect on
      oligodendroglia. Interleukin-2 did not alter the growth of either type of glial
      cell. Activity similar to that of interleukin-1 was detected in brains of adult
      rats 10 days after the brains had been injured. These findings suggest that
      interleukin-1, released by inflammatory cells, may promote the formation of scars
      by astroglia in the damaged mammalian brain.

PMID- 3872479
TI  - Coagulopathy and hemorrhage associated with cefoperazone therapy in a patient
      with renal failure.
AB  - We have reported life-threatening gastrointestinal hemorrhage with
      hypoprothrombinemia in a patient treated with cefoperazone for a urinary tract
      infection. The coagulation abnormality was rapidly corrected with administration
      of vitamin K and discontinuation of the antibiotic. This complication of
      cefoperazone therapy is not widely recognized and may be seen more frequently
      with increased use of the drug.

PMID- 3872480
TI  - [Endoscopy in diseases of upper segments of the digestive tract in pregnant
      women].

PMID- 3872481
TI  - The MAST suit in the treatment of severe postpartum hemorrhage.

PMID- 3872482
TI  - Primary oligodendroglioma of the lateral ventricle with computed tomographic and
      positron emission tomographic evaluations.
AB  - Two cases of primary intraventricular oligodendrogliomas are presented. Total
      excisions of well-demarcated large tumors in the lateral ventricle were
      successfully performed in young women by means of a frontal transventricular
      approach. An evaluation by computed tomography and positron emission tomography
      was attempted to obtain definite diagnosis of not only the location of the tumor
      but also the histologic grade of malignancy.

PMID- 3872483
TI  - [Effect of different immunomodulators on the subpopulations of immunocompetent
      cells. The immunomodulating therapy of respiratory diseases].
AB  - Subpopulation analysis of immunocompetent cells of peripheral blood was performed
      in 286 patients with bronchopulmonary diseases (acute and protracted pneumonia,
      chronic obstructive and non-obstructive bronchitis). All the examined manifested
      the presence of secondary immune deficiency of different nature. The authors
      describe the results of immunomodulatory therapy with levamisole, diuciphon,
      zixorin, catergen and prodigiosan. Discuss in detail possible causes of the
      development of immune deficiencies and the mechanisms of action of the
      immunomodulators.

PMID- 3872484
TI  - Early experience and difficulties with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial
      biopsy in the diagnosis of AIDS associated pneumonia in Britain.
AB  - Bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy have been used as adjuncts to
      the management of patients with pneumonia associated with the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the Middlesex Hospital and the experience
      gained and difficulties encountered in the first five cases are reported. Widely
      varying organisms were isolated from lavage aspirates, some of which may have
      been nasopharyngeal contaminants, and organisms cultured from the transbronchial
      biopsy specimens may offer a better guide to antimicrobial treatment.
      Pneumocystis carinii was found in two of the patients. In view of the potentially
      serious toxicity of high dose co-trimoxazole, continuation of this treatment may
      be inadvisable if Pneumocystis carinii is not identified by all available methods
      unless there are strong clinical grounds to suspect its presence.

PMID- 3872485
TI  - Serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in untreated tuberculosis.
AB  - A prospective study of 50 consecutive patients presenting with tuberculosis has
      shown that patients have on average lower serum concentrations of 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD) than healthy matched controls. No difference was
      shown in serum 1,25-(OH)2D, 24,25-(OH)2D, or parathyroid hormone. Uncorrected
      serum calcium was lower in the patient group but identical when correction
      concentrations were made for albumin. Serum liver enzyme concentrations were
      significantly higher in the patient population. Low serum vitamin D
      concentrations may be a consequence of disease. The possibility that low serum 25
      OHD concentrations may predispose to tuberculosis infection cannot, however, be
      excluded. Prolonged treatment with isoniazid or rifampicin, both of which have
      been shown to reduce serum 25-OHD, may increase the risk of vitamin D deficiency
      and consequent osteomalacia in groups of patients most at risk, such as those of
      Indian subcontinental ethnic origin.

PMID- 3872486
TI  - Effect of the C1q on the soluble collagen-platelet interaction.
AB  - The mechanism by which C1q inhibited soluble collagen-induced platelet
      aggregation was examined. Platelet aggregation induced by soluble collagen in gel
      filtrated platelets was inhibited by the addition of C1q. There were no cross
      reactions between C1q, purified soluble collagen receptor and both of their
      polyclonal antibodies in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. These results
      suggest that the effect of C1q on soluble collagen-induced platelet aggregation
      does not compete at the same binding site on the platelet surface.

PMID- 3872487
TI  - Human alloantiserum against PHA-activated cells. Cytotoxicity associated with the
      HLA-A3 antigen.
AB  - Sera from transfused patients frequently show reactivity against polymorphic
      determinants expressed on PHA-activated but not resting mononuclear cells. One of
      these sera shows cytotoxicity associated with the HLA-A3 antigen.

PMID- 3872488
TI  - Successful cardiac surgery following plasmapheresis in a patient with hemophilia
      B.
AB  - A case of successful coronary artery bypass grafting in a patient with hemophilia
      B is described. The patient underwent preoperative plasmapheresis and replacement
      with fresh-frozen plasma. Fresh-frozen plasma was administered pre- and
      postoperatively. The use of factor IX concentrate was avoided.

PMID- 3872489
TI  - Separation of large quantities of mononuclear cells from human blood using a
      blood processor.
AB  - A blood processor (IBM 2991) was used to separate lymphocytes from large volumes
      of blood. The procedure included the centrifugation of 200 ml whole blood on a
      density gradient. The results of this procedure were compared with those obtained
      with a manual procedure. Mononuclear cell (MNC) viability was preserved well in
      the two methods. But with the processor, recovery of MNC was better (63.5 +/-
      2.5%) than with manual separation (26.5 +/- 4.1%). Monoclonal antibodies were
      used to identify the various cell subsets in the MNC fractions. No particular
      cell selection was observed when MNC fractions were obtained by the separator. In
      conclusion, the use of a cell separator provided an efficient technique for rapid
      isolation of large quantities of lymphocytes.

PMID- 3872490
TI  - Composite tissue (limb) allografts in rats. I. Dose-dependent increase in
      survival with cyclosporine.
AB  - The dose-response effect of cyclosporine on rat limb transplant prolongation was
      investigated across the LBN-to-LEW histocompatibility barrier. This composite
      tissue allograft model has been shown to represent a strong transplantation
      barrier. Median limb allograft survival times increased in a dose-dependent
      manner with low cyclosporine doses, and then reached a plateau at higher levels.
      The cyclosporine dose that produced half-maximal survival based on a 20-day
      treatment was only 3.7 mg/kg/day. Histopathology revealed that the rejection
      process was distinctly different in limb allografts treated with cyclosporine
      compared with non-cyclosporine-treated controls. Rejection appeared to be delayed
      or partly arrested in certain areas of cyclosporine-treated limb allografts.
      These studies represent an initial step in laying the experimental foundation for
      clinical transplantation of composite tissue allografts using cyclosporine
      induced immune suppression.

PMID- 3872491
TI  - Composite tissue (limb) allografts in rats. II. Indefinite survival using low
      dose cyclosporine.
AB  - Cyclosporine has reawakened interest in transplantation of peripheral composite
      tissue allografts (CTA) of skin, muscle, bone, vessel, and nerves. The purpose of
      this study was to examine whether cyclosporine could produce indefinite survival
      of CTA. Two groups of LEW recipients of LBN limb transplants were given different
      long-term treatments of cyclosporine. Tolerance was achieved in many of the
      animals. Several possibilities for the mechanism of this tolerance are discussed.

PMID- 3872492
TI  - Interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 defects associated with murine graft-versus-host
      induced immunodeficiency.
AB  - In this study we investigated the mechanism, or mechanisms, involved in graft
      versus-host (GVH)-induced T cell immunodeficiency. Chronic GVH reactions were
      induced in normal CBA X A F1 (BAF1) hybrid mice by the injection of parental A
      strain lymphoid cells. At various times (43-91 days) after GVH induction, the
      functional status of GVH T cells was assessed using interleukin-1 (IL-1) and
      interleukin-2 (IL-2) as probes. The response of GVH thymocytes to IL-1 was
      depressed when compared with normal thymocytes. Although GVH peanut-agglutinin
      negative (PNA-) thymocytes did respond to IL-2 alone or IL-2 plus
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA), this response was significantly lower than the response
      of PNA- thymocytes from normal mice. In addition, GVH spleen cells failed to
      produce significant amounts of IL-2 when stimulated with concanavalin A. These
      results suggest that the long term immunosuppression associated with murine
      chronic GVH disease is due, at least in part, to a decrease in the responsiveness
      to IL-1 and IL-2, and to a marked deficiency in IL-2 production.

PMID- 3872493
TI  - Thyroid allograft rejection is triggered by the transfer of sensitized Lyt 2+
      cells.

PMID- 3872494
TI  - B16 melanoma as a model for leukocyte-depleted grafts.

PMID- 3872495
TI  - HLA-antigens and tuberculosis in the Egyptian population.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 42 unrelated Egyptian patients with
      tuberculosis and 156 healthy persons were HLA phenotyped for the A,B and DR loci
      using the NIH lymphocytotoxicity tests. Statistical analysis of the results
      showed that A2 and B5 had significantly increased frequencies among patients with
      tuberculosis compared with the controls. Patients with A2 had more severe disease
      than did patients without A2 and the number with B5 antigen was less than those
      without the antigen. This observation suggests that A2 and B5 may influence
      susceptibility to tuberculosis, but not the course of the disease. Furthermore, a
      linkage disequilibrium was found between A2 and B5 antigen among tuberculous
      patients, but their association bore no relation to the severity of the disease.

PMID- 3872497
TI  - [Hypoparathyroidism. Experiences with long term treatment with ergocalciferol].

PMID- 3872496
TI  - Clinical findings of pediatric patients during an outbreak of typhoid fever in
      Ankara.

PMID- 3872498
TI  - [Intra-arterial antibiotic administration in treating post-traumatic suppurative
      endophthalmitis].

PMID- 3872499
TI  - Acute hepatic failure.
AB  - Acute hepatic failure is characterized by a sudden catastrophic compromise of
      hepatic failure that causes clinical signs such as anorexia, depression,
      vomiting, diarrhea, icterus, and encephalopathy. Injurious hepatotoxins, drugs,
      infectious agents, or metabolic disturbances can cause acute hepatic failure;
      however, in many cases, the inciting cause is not determined. Treatment is aimed
      at controlling complications such as fluid-electrolyte imbalances, hepatic
      encephalopathy, hypoglycemia, bleeding diathesis, gastric ulcer, sepsis, and
      endotoxemia, in order to provide time for liver regeneration and recovery.

PMID- 3872500
TI  - Chronic hepatitis. An emerging syndrome in dogs.
AB  - Chronic active hepatitis has been recognized in humans since the 1950s but has
      been recognized only recently as a disease syndrome in dogs. The author describes
      this diverse group of chronic inflammatory liver diseases and discusses the
      factors related to its etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy.

PMID- 3872501
TI  - Cirrhosis: a consequence of chronic liver disease.
AB  - The definition, etiology, and pathophysiology of cirrhosis are discussed. The
      author also discusses therapy for cirrhosis, which is directed at treating the
      primary etiology as well as controlling the common secondary complications of the
      disease.

PMID- 3872502
TI  - Ascites, renal abnormalities, and electrolyte and acid-base disorders associated
      with liver disease.
AB  - Ascites and renal dysfunction are often associated with decreased liver function
      and reflect the complex abnormalities of water, protein, electrolyte, and acid
      base metabolism that may complicate severe liver disease. This article discusses
      the pathophysiology and management of ascites, polydipsia and polyuria, decreased
      renal function, and acid-base and electrolyte alterations that can complicate
      liver disease.

PMID- 3872503
TI  - Cholestasis.
AB  - Cholestasis can be caused by extrahepatic and intrahepatic pathogenic mechanisms
      that affect cellular and subcellular functions. The retention of bile results in
      numerous biochemical abnormalities, some of which are useful as clinical tests.
      The clinicopathologic findings are often suggestive of the underlying
      hepatobiliary disorder but are seldom diagnostic.

PMID- 3872504
TI  - Portosystemic shunts.
AB  - The veterinary profession's experience with portosystemic shunts has resulted in
      continued description and refinement of the clinical entity. Specific and
      sensitive diagnostic procedures are now available and can be utilized in a
      clinical setting. Furthermore, portosystemic shunts can be treated successfully
      owing to the ability to make a quicker diagnosis and more sophisticated surgical
      procedures.

PMID- 3872505
TI  - Laboratory evaluation of liver disease.
AB  - With respect to liver disease, the primary function of the laboratory is to
      identify its presence. Tests are not available that permit a specific diagnosis
      and an accurate prognosis. Several tests should be present in a minimum data base
      that can help identify hepatobiliary disease. They are ALT, SAP, total serum
      bilirubin, urine bilirubin, cholesterol, albumin, BUN, glucose, red cell
      morphology, and urine sediment. It is sometimes possible to tentatively identify
      whether a disease is primarily hepatocellular or biliary from the pattern of
      changes that occur in these tests. In addition, an estimate of the severity is
      sometimes possible when abnormal values are extreme. The keys are to avoid
      overinterpretation, use serial evaluations, and rely on a liver biopsy when
      definitive answers are needed. If liver disease is suspected but there are only
      marginal changes in the routine tests, the more sensitive tests of function, BSP
      retention and ammonia tolerance, are warranted. In the future, as more knowledge
      is gained about the responses of ARG, GGT, and ICG retention to naturally
      occurring diseases, these tests may join or replace some of those currently used.
      Also, as the ability to accurately and economically measure the various bile
      acids improves, a sensitive, yet noninvasive, method to detect and define modest
      changes in hepatobiliary function may result.

PMID- 3872506
TI  - Interpretation of canine liver biopsy. A clinician's perspective.
AB  - Proper evaluation of hepatic biopsies is essential for the proper management of
      dogs with liver disease. The clinician must have some basic knowledge of hepatic
      anatomy and histopathologic nomenclature in order to establish an accurate
      prognosis and therapeutic plan.

PMID- 3872507
TI  - Drugs and the liver.
AB  - The authors discuss the liver's influence on drug disposition in the body and the
      influence of drugs on the liver. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity with regard to
      mechanisms and causative agents is discussed, as well as administration of drugs
      to patients with existing liver disease.

PMID- 3872509
TI  - Symposium on the human-companion animal bond.

PMID- 3872508
TI  - The liver in systemic disease. An innocent bystander.
AB  - The role of the liver in maintaining the health and function of other organs is
      frequently described in pathophysiologic terms. A large volume of information has
      been gleaned on the biochemistry and physiology of the "primary" hepatic
      diseases. In the dog, there is a paucity of information about the chemical events
      essential to the viability of normal liver cells and, more specifically, the
      mechanisms by which diseases of other organs secondarily affect the liver.

PMID- 3872510
TI  - Attachment of people to companion animals.
AB  - Cat and dog owners appear to be equally attached to their pets, engage in similar
      behaviors, and hold similar opinions regarding their pets. The universality and
      strength of this attachment may be because household pets fit into the biological
      attachment system that exists to bond parents and children. Additionally, pets
      may convey a feeling of security or a sense of well-being that is rooted in our
      evolutionary past.

PMID- 3872511
TI  - The evolution of domestic pets and companion animals.
AB  - The process of domestication, which began 12,000 years ago, before the beginnings
      of agriculture, continues as humans and domestic animals coexist, interact, and
      profoundly influence the shape of each other's social spaces. Although its
      beginnings were simple, this process has become increasingly complex. Attention
      to relationships between humans and companion animals commonly focuses on dogs
      and cats; however, companion animals and pets take various shapes in numerous
      places with and have diverse, overlapping functions and specializations.

PMID- 3872512
TI  - Cultural attitudes towards pets.
AB  - Some of the factors that influence cultural differences in human-companion animal
      relationships are addressed, including the role of religion and symbolism and the
      role of veterinary medicine. The consequences of these cultural attitudes are
      discussed in terms of effects on animal species and on human-animal
      relationships.

PMID- 3872513
TI  - Community people-pet programs that work.
AB  - Excellent models exist for people-pet programs in institutions and in the
      community. Veterinarians should assess the needs of their local communities and
      adapt a model program to fit these needs.

PMID- 3872514
TI  - Pets and the elderly. A social work perspective.
AB  - Pets can provide companionship, affection, and psychosocial stimulus for elderly
      people in a program that is planned and supervised by professionals who are
      knowledgeable about both the humans and the animals and who are clear about the
      goals to be achieved. Ineffective programs, or programs with negative effects,
      have developed when the proponents assumed that any pet would be good for elderly
      persons either living alone or in a residential center. A much-needed aspect of
      any people-pet program is the collection, analysis, and reporting of social data
      to provide a better information base for planning the use of pets in a
      therapeutic setting.

PMID- 3872515
TI  - The role of social work in a veterinary hospital setting.
AB  - Social workers can assist veterinarians and their clients in dealing with such
      difficult situations as euthanasia decisions, grief reactions, and professional
      stress. They are already at work at The Animal Medical Center, where they counsel
      clients individually and in groups, consult with veterinarians on client
      relations and how to cope with their own stress, and develop educational programs
      for employees and others.

PMID- 3872516
TI  - The therapeutic use of animals.
AB  - Animal-facilitated therapy both benefits and suffers from the attention of the
      public and press. There is a need to balance the enthusiasm for pet-facilitated
      therapy programs with guidelines for their judicial use and continued research to
      identify their full potential.

PMID- 3872517
TI  - The role of animals in our perception of people.
AB  - Objective evidence is beginning to confirm the popular belief that people are
      often judged by the way they interact with animals. This phenomenon is reviewed
      in the context of social and cognitive psychology and suggestions are offered for
      future research.

PMID- 3872518
TI  - Pets as social facilitators.
AB  - Pets not only interact directly with people but, through their presence alone,
      may also modify the social behavior between two or more people. Examples of this
      latter effect are offered from the literature on pet-facilitated therapy, pets
      and children, and pets in the community. An attempt is made to develop a
      theoretical framework to explain this phenomenon.

PMID- 3872519
TI  - The death of a pet. How it can affect owners.
AB  - The death of a family pet can be a difficult and upsetting experience. In this
      article, human reactions after pet death are described as a normal bereavement
      sequence and a case study is used to describe and explain major issues associated
      with a pet's death.

PMID- 3872520
TI  - Physiologic and behavioral responses to companion animals.
AB  - There is a set of behavioral and physiologic responses to companion animals that
      can be reliably observed under both experimental and natural conditions. These
      responses indicate that contact with companion animals can be an effective means
      of reducing stress.

PMID- 3872521
TI  - Human-companion animal relationships and animal behavior problems.
AB  - The compatibility of the social systems of humans and companion animals has
      facilitated the formation of a unique interspecific relationship. Some of the
      most common behavior problems that people have with their pets are a result of
      the type of relationship that has formed between them. In most cases, neither pet
      nor owner is exhibiting abnormal behavior; rather, they are demonstrating normal
      species-typical behaviors that are unacceptable to the other species.

PMID- 3872522
TI  - The veterinarian's education about the human-animal bond and animal-facilitated
      therapy.
AB  - There is a need to increase curriculum time on the human-animal bond and animal
      behavior in veterinary medical education. Specific guidelines for veterinarians
      are described for use of pets in animal-facilitated therapy programs.

PMID- 3872523
TI  - Ethics and human-companion animal interaction. A plea for a veterinary ethics of
      the human-companion animal bond.
AB  - For both moral and practical reasons, the veterinary profession must begin to
      nurture a serious veterinary ethics of human-companion animal interaction. Among
      the central concerns of such a discipline will be the moral value of the
      veterinary patient: the moral significance of human-animal companionship; the
      proper response of the practitioner to conflicts of interests between the
      patient, its owner, and himself; and the proper role of the practitioner in the
      client's decisions. Approaches that urge moral equality of man and animal or
      encourage the veterinarian to control the client's decision undervalue the moral
      status of the animal owner in the human-companion animal bond.

PMID- 3872524
TI  - Laboratory animal technicians. Their role in stress reduction and human-companion
      animal bonding.
AB  - The physical and emotional well-being of laboratory animals is often dependent
      upon the knowledge and ability of the responsible technician. Management has the
      obligation to place only technicians who are well-trained, compassionate, and
      highly motivated in responsible positions of animal care and to recognize the
      legitimacy of, and strongly support, the emotional and behavioral needs of both
      technicians and animals.

PMID- 3872525
TI  - The humane society and the human-companion animal bond. Reflections on the broken
      bond.
AB  - This article discusses the history of the humane movement and how humane
      societies facilitate the human-companion animal bond by conducting various animal
      protection programs (cruelty prevention, rescues, adoptions, veterinary services,
      for example) and participating in pet-facilitated therapy programs. Also
      discussed is the euthanasia of unwanted and unclaimed animals and its effect on
      animal shelter personnel.

PMID- 3872526
TI  - Duck hepatitis virus and Chlamydia psittaci outbreak.

PMID- 3872527
TI  - [The human fibrin adhesive system--Tissucol in surgical medicine].

PMID- 3872528
TI  - [Paravertebral trimecaine analgesia combined with galvanization as a method of
      anesthesia after lung surgery].

PMID- 3872529
TI  - [Effect of sinusoidal modulated currents on clinical and electromyographic
      indicators in patients with cervical osteochondrosis].

PMID- 3872530
TI  - [Indicators of cellular and humoral immunity in patients with chronic diffuse
      liver disease].

PMID- 3872531
TI  - [Comparative study of ultrastructure of E and EM-rosette-forming human
      lymphocytes].

PMID- 3872532
TI  - Surgical treatment of liver injuries by application of Fibrinkleber.

PMID- 3872533
TI  - Present status of surgical treatment of esophageal varices in Japan: a nationwide
      survey of 3,588 patients.

PMID- 3872534
TI  - Use of a centrifugal pump without anticoagulants for postoperative left
      ventricular assist.

PMID- 3872535
TI  - The Pennsylvania State University paracorporeal ventricular assist pump: optimal
      methods of use.

PMID- 3872536
TI  - [Epidemiology and clinical aspects of sarcoidosis as a cyclic infection disease
      with low penetrance].
AB  - Report on the epidemiology of sarcoidois in a town within the period of 1950
      1983. The author tries to explain occurrence and distribution of his observation
      by assuming a cyclic infectious disease with a limited radius and penetrating
      power of infection.

PMID- 3872537
TI  - [Epidemiology of tuberculosis].
AB  - Up to now the tuberculosis passed in great waves enclosing centuries. After aimed
      control measures the curves of mortality varies in a typical manner. The better
      retrogression in the developed countries is to betraced back to the successful
      use of tuberculostatics. Under the conditions of an endemia the morbidity again
      varies in a characteristic manner. The situation in the world must also be
      included in our analysis and this situation is in no case such a one that we can
      lull ourselves in security.

PMID- 3872538
TI  - [Preliminary results of Re-PUVA therapy in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas].
AB  - Eight patients with T-cell-lymphoma of the skin (6 mycosis fungoides, 2
      parapsoriasis variegata) were treated with Tigason in combination with PUVA
      therapy. The daily dose of Tigason was 50-100 mg. There was complete regression
      of skin lesions in three patients, partial regression in three patients, and an
      improvement in two patients.

PMID- 3872539
TI  - Some physico-chemical properties and clinical significances of human granulocytic
      alpha-amylase.

PMID- 3872540
TI  - [Functional electrostimulation of paraplegic patients--1 year's practical
      application. Results in patients and experiences].
AB  - In October 1982 two patients suffering from paraplegia ware, world wide for the
      first time, implanted two 8-channel-stimulation-devices at the II. Surgical
      Clinics Vienna. Four electrodes were fixed to the nervus femoralis and the nervus
      gluteus inferior with the help of microsurgical techniques. The aim of the
      operation is to enable the paralysed patient to "stand up himself" and to "cover
      a short distance on crutches". They must learn to manipulate the implanted "more
      channel-device" with their fingers, and to coordinate this with the supporting
      function and the balance function of their arms. The wheel-chair shall not and
      cannot be substituted with this method: Not without, but with wheel-chair and
      functional electrostimulation. A comprising training-programme for building up
      muscles, balance control and gait training was necessary. After 4 months muscle
      force and endurance had increased 200%. The patients could stand up stimulatedly
      without help between parallel bars. At the rehabilitation center Bad Haring the
      first steps were done in March 1983 (= 5. month after operation). The greatest
      success was when a patient could get stimulatedly out of her car and do the
      through-swing-gait over a distance of 60 meters. After one year the muscle force
      was quadrupled, the endurance was increased 20-30 times, depending on the type of
      gait. Both patients are able to walk in the 4-P-gait or swing-through-gait on
      crutches over short distances without help from others. Riding a bicycle
      stimulatedly on even ground was demonstrated.

PMID- 3872541
TI  - [Experimental study of pathological and normal early pregnancy with the E rosette
      test].
AB  - The E rosette test was made at 35 women with disturbances in early pregnancy
      (gestational weeks 8 to 12). 61 women with normal pregnancy and 33 nonpregnant
      women were taken as control persons. There were no significant differences
      between procentual and absolute numbers of E rosettes of women with deranged
      pregnancy, of women with normal pregnancy and nonpregnant women. We did not learn
      to differentiate between Abortus imminens (with intact pregnancy) and real
      occurred fetal death by the E rosette test. Pregnant women had higher leucocyte
      values and procentual lymphocyte rates than nonpregnant women.

PMID- 3872542
TI  - [Clinical and computer tomographic diagnosis of necrotic encephalitis].
AB  - Twenty-five patients with a suspicion of necrotic encephalitis were examined by
      computer-aided tomography (CT). Brain tumors were detected in 5 patients. Three
      patients had negative results of CT examination and later other etiology was
      established in these cases. Fifteen patients showed characteristic foci of
      diminished density in the cerebral substance; in 3 cases necrosis was verified
      postmortem. The time-course of the encephalitis process was traced in the
      majority of patients. The diagnosis based on laboratory findings made it possible
      to confirm the etiological role of herpes simplex virus in the development of
      encephalitis in 2 patients with negative results of CT examinations. Possible
      causes of the negative results are discussed. Possible involvement of the
      lenticular nuclei, the brain stem and the cerebellum in necrotic encephalitis is
      demonstrated. The method is recommended for the early diagnosis of necrotic
      encephalitides.

PMID- 3872543
TI  - [Immunologic characteristics of the pathogenesis of herpes zoster].
AB  - Patients suffering from herpes zoster were subjected to immunological studies
      including the determination of the levels of the main immunoglobulin classes
      (IgA, IgM, IgG) in 102 subjects and the blast transformation test (19 subjects).
      Sufficiently tense humoral immunity and low reserve potentialities of cell
      mediated immunity were discovered. Based on the data obtained the authors point
      to the necessity of using immunocorrecting agents, particularly levamisole, in
      combined therapy of herpes zoster.

PMID- 3872544
TI  - [Prevention of neuropsychiatric changes in hypokinesia].
AB  - The article deals with the comparative evaluation of the prophylactic efficacy of
      exercise, muscular electrostimulation, psychotherapy, and hypoxic gaseous
      mixtures in hypokinesia in the form of staying in bed for up to 182 days.
      Exercise of a magnitude of 600 kcal/day was found to be most effective, with
      electrostimulation, psychotherapy, and hypoxic gaseous mixture being less
      effective. The advisability of the combined use of prophylactic means has been
      proved.

PMID- 3872545
TI  - [Computer tomography in the evaluation of the status of the ventricular system of
      the brain in hydrocephalic children].
AB  - The authors analysed computer-aided tomograms of 182 children of different age
      with occlusive and open forms of hydrocephalus in the progressive,
      subcompensated, and compensated stages. The main signs characteristic of the
      various forms of hydrocephalus and stages of its clinical course were revealed.
      The VBR and Evans indices and the indices of the anterior and posterior horns and
      medial fossa were calculated and analysed and their correlation determined. The
      regular features in the dilatation of various parts of ventricular system were
      determined according to the changes of these indices. In some cases computer
      aided tomography made it possible to identify the etiological factor in the
      development of hydrocephalus: three-dimensional structures, malformations of the
      brain, inflammatory processes.

PMID- 3872546
TI  - [Primary aortoduodenal fistula: apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Aortoenteric fistulas are rare. Located at various level of the gastrointestinal
      tract - from the esophagus to the rectum - the most frequent are aortoduodenal,
      secondary to abdominal aortic aneurysms. Two new cases, successfully treated, are
      reported. The characteristic clinical symptoms are abdominal aortic aneurysm,
      pain and gastrointestinal bleeding; recurrent bleeding is usual; endoscopy is the
      accuratest method of early diagnosis. Aggressive surgical approach is mandatory:
      in addition to a prosthesis in uninfected area, even in extra-anatomical
      position, epiplooplasty between the graft and the gastrointestinal tract is
      recommended.

PMID- 3872547
TI  - [Vascular complications in osteochondromatosis].

PMID- 3872548
TI  - Influence of neural pathways on the pyrexial response to surgical trauma.
AB  - Epidural analgesia inhibits several metabolic effects of trauma. Some of these
      effects are generated by the endogenous fever mediator interleukin-1.
      Postoperative fever was therefore studied in 52 patients, 25 of whom had had
      epidural analgesia and 27 general anaesthesia. Transvesical prostatectomy was
      used as standard surgical trauma. Most of the patients had postoperative
      temperature rise exceeding 0.5 degree C, but the rise was not influenced by
      epidural analgesia. These data suggest that the release of endogenous fever
      mediator is not under control of afferent pathways from the region of trauma. The
      findings are also consistent with regulation of interleukin-1 release which is
      independent of adrenal stimulation, cyclic AMP or beta-endorphin, as epidural
      analgesia prevents postoperative increase of these hormones.

PMID- 3872549
TI  - Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage associated with pancreatitis.
AB  - In a two-year period from June 1981, two cases of acute upper gastrointestinal
      bleeding caused by pancreatitis were observed. In both cases the bleeding was
      caused by erosion of the gastric mucosa contiguous to, respectively, a pseudocyst
      and an abscess of the pancreas. Both patients were successfully treated with
      cystogastrostomy. Erosive bleeding from gastrointestinal mucosa adjoining
      pancreatic lesions may be a more common source of upper gastrointestinal bleeding
      than has hitherto been assumed.

PMID- 3872550
TI  - Epidermal growth factor in mouse urine: non-blood origin, and increase by
      sialoadenectomy and T4 therapy.
AB  - To study the origin and regulation of urinary epidermal growth factor (U-EGF), we
      measured EGF in adult female mouse plasma, urine and kidney tissue. We also
      studied the effects of excision of the submandibular salivary gland (SMG) and,
      after SMG excision and sham operation, 10-day therapies with T4 (0.4 microgram/g
      daily), testosterone propionate (TP, 12.5 micrograms/g every 48 h), and SMG
      extract (25 micrograms EGF daily). We measured EGF with a specific liquid phase
      radioimmunoassay. The mean apparent urinary clearance was 150-fold higher for EGF
      than for urea. U-EGF was increased 24 h after the last sc injection of SMG
      extract. SMG excision caused a 2.2-fold increase in U-EGF and in apparent EGF
      clearance. T4 brought about a 1.5 to 1.75-fold increase in U-EGF while TP was
      without effect. Kidney EGF (K-EGF) responded to T4 and TP like U-EGF, but SMG
      excision and extract were without effect on K-EGF. We conclude that 1) the
      immunoassayable EGF in blood plasma and SMG-EGF do not appear to be major sources
      of U-EGF but plasma EGF may be a minor source, 2) kidney tissue appears not to be
      a major source of U-EGF, 3) production of U-EGF is activated by SMG excision, 4)
      T4 increases both U- and K-EGF while testosterone has no effect.

PMID- 3872551
TI  - Involvement of the audiovestibular system in multiple sclerosis. An otoneurologic
      and audiologic study.
AB  - This study was performed on a material of 70 patients, who fulfilled the criteria
      of definitive MS. All the patients were examined by an otologist, a neurologist
      and a neuro-ophthalmologist. A wide range of audiologic and otoneurologic tests
      were used to obtain a good understanding of the respective disorders in MS, to
      gain a better knowledge of the role of otology in MS, to correlate the results
      with the clinical findings in order to find the most useful tests to detect MS
      lesions and to describe pathophysiologic aspects of central lesions using MS as a
      model. The material consisted of MS cases representing mild or moderate stages of
      disability (Hyllested classification 1.-4); 32 belonged to Hyllested group 1., 19
      to group 2., 7 to group 3. and 12 to group 4. The age and sex distribution were
      similar with materials described earlier, as were most of the clinical neurologic
      findings. The material can thus be considered representative. The neuro
      ophthalmologic examination served to rule out causes other than MS for
      abnormalities observed in the tests. Besides the clinical neurologic and
      otoneurologic evaluation a number of additional tests were performed. The ENG
      tests consisted of registration for spontaneous and positional nystagmus, of
      smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements, optokinetic nystagmus and caloric
      reactions. The audiologic evaluation was based on the following tests: pure tone
      audiograms, speech reception thresholds, discrimination scores, filtered speech
      test, stapedius reflex thresholds, stapedius reflex decay and auditory brainstem
      responses. The clinical otologic examination revealed little abnormalities, which
      is well in accordance with the pathophysiology of MS. In addition the clinical
      examination ruled out peripheral lesions as reasons for observed abnormalities.
      Numerous abnormalities were found during the otoneurologic examination of the
      cranial nerves. The amount of abnormal findings in the otoneurologic examination
      were surprisingly high: only one patient exhibited normal results in all the
      tests used. The abnormalities most often encountered were those of smooth pursuit
      (96%), followed by saccadic eye movements (76%), optokinetic nystagmus (53 %),
      and abnormalities in the caloric reactions such as dysrhythmia (40%) and
      defective visual suppression of the nystagmus (43%). When comparing the results
      obtained with ENG with those of clinical findings seen during the neuro
      ophthalmologic examination, a good intercorrelation was found. Yet, in many ENG
      tests a number of cases with subclinical abnormalities only, were observed, which
      stresses the importance of exact and objective methods for the registration of
      eye movements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3872552
TI  - Dissemination pattern of two immunologically induced transplanted malignant
      lymphomas in C57 B1/6J mice.
AB  - The need for syngenic tumors to elucidate factors in lymphoma dissemination
      prompted us to induce new lymphomas in a series of inbred C57B1/6J mice. The
      method of induction, immunosuppression and simultaneous immunostimulation, had a
      high mortality rate, but gave us 2 transplantable lymphomas. These tumors are
      described and compared in the present paper, with emphasis on their dissemination
      patterns. Both tumors disseminated rapidly from tail transplants to lymphoid
      organs, lungs and liver. They were characteristically dissimilar, however, in
      their s.c., i.p. and i.v. transplantabilities.

PMID- 3872553
TI  - Depressed lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against HEp-2 cells in
      patients with metastasizing solid tumour.
AB  - Lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (LDCC) of peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells (PBMC) from tumour patients was evaluated using human adherent
      3H-TdR-prelabelled HEp-2 epipharynx carcinoma cells as targets at 50:1 effector
      target cell ratio with 25 micrograms/ml concanavalin A (Con A) in a 24h assay.
      PBMC of nine patients with metastasizing solid tumour failed to exert
      cytotoxicity against HEp-2 targets. In contrast, increased survival (decreased
      detachment from the monolayer) of HEp-2 cells was observed in the presence of
      PBMC from tumour patients that was significantly enhanced by addition of Con A
      during LDCC assay.

PMID- 3872554
TI  - Cevadine-induced changes of membrane potential and sodium transport of muscle
      membrane in a chloride-free solution.
AB  - Cevadine-induced changes in membrane potential, sodium transport, intracellular
      Na, K, and water content were investigated in sartorius muscles incubated in
      chloride-free (glutamate) Ringer. Cevadine sensitivity of muscles incubated in
      glutamate Ringer was about five times greater than that of muscles incubated in
      normal Ringer. Therefore, even 0.005 mmol/l cevadine could induce depolarization
      and membrane potential oscillations. The membrane potential oscillations were
      recorded much longer from muscles incubated in chloride-free Ringer (even in the
      15th hour of treatment) than in normal Ringer. Depolarization and membrane
      potential oscillations reversed more slowly in cevadine-free glutamate Ringer
      than in alkaloid-free normal Ringer. The rhythmic activity could be recorded even
      in the 10th-15th hour of incubation in cevadine-free glutamate Ringer. Cevadine
      increased the 24Na uptake of muscles incubated in glutamate Ringer by an average
      of 230%. In comparison, the cevadine-induced increase of 24Na uptake of muscles
      incubated in normal Ringer was approximately 350%. In the presence of cevadine
      the 24Na loss of muscles incubated either in glutamate or in normal Ringer
      increased to the same degree, i.e. three times. The increase of 24Na loss
      developed faster in glutamate Ringer than in the presence of chloride. The water
      content of muscles incubated in cevadine containing, chloride-free (glutamate)
      Ringer did not increase significantly. Muscles incubated in normal Ringer with
      cevadine showed a 42.7% increase of water content in 2 hours. Intracellular Na
      content and Na concentration increased by about 60% during a 2-hour-treatment
      with cevadine in a chloride-free environment. At the same time, cevadine
      treatment increased the intracellular Na content and Na concentration of muscles
      incubated in normal Ringer by about 160% and 80%, respectively. The cevadine
      induced decrease of intracellular K content and concentration of muscles
      incubated in glutamate Ringer was 5% and 10%, respectively, in 2 hours. On the
      other hand, the decrease of intracellular K concentration in muscles incubated in
      cevadine-containing normal Ringer occasionally reached 30% due to the increase of
      water content of the muscles. The cevadine-induced increase of the wet weight of
      muscles incubated in normal Ringer was practically irreversible. It was not
      possible to eliminate the increase of wet weight even by washout lasting for 10
      15 hours.

PMID- 3872555
TI  - Gangliocytoma of the pineal body. A case report and review of the literature.
AB  - Ganglion cell tumours are mostly seen in children and young people, but they are
      extremely rare, accounting for 0.1-0.5% of all brain tumours. It usually occurs
      in the floor of the third ventricle and the temporal lobe. Recently we have
      experienced a pineal gangliocytoma, probably the first ever seen in Japan and the
      fourth case in the world, and have succeeded in a total removal of it. The case
      concerns a 51-year-old man who suffered from intermittent blurred vision and
      headache of 3 years' duration. CT showed, together with severe hydrocephalus,
      positive contrast medium enhancement and a somewhat irregular but sharply
      circumscribed high density lesion suggestive of a meningioma. But the brain
      scintiscan revealed a badly and irregularly demarcated region of warm activity
      and having little change with time mainly in the pineal region, which was
      strongly suspicious of gliomas. Hence this scan was thought to be important in
      diagnosing this tumour. As an operative procedure, biparieto-occipital craniotomy
      was successfully performed in the "sea lion" position to remove the tumour
      totally. Pathological findings indicated a mixture of dispersion and
      concentration of giant cells possessing prominent nucleoli, abundant chromatin
      and a prominent nucleus or several nuclei of varying sizes and process-like cell
      bodies polygonal or irregular in shape. GFAP stain showing no glial fibres and
      the tumour was thought to be a gangliocytoma.

PMID- 3872556
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the cavernous sinus.
AB  - The magnetic resonance (MR) appearance of the cavernous sinus was studied by
      correlating the MR images of normal volunteers and cryomicrotomic sections from
      six cadavers. In addition, MR images of patients with parasellar masses were
      compared with corresponding intravenously enhanced computed tomographic (CT)
      scans. The MR appearance of the cranial nerves in the cavernous sinuses is
      demonstrated, as well as MR signs of a parasellar mass, including obliteration of
      intracavernous venous spaces, displacement of the intracavernous internal carotid
      artery, and bulging of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. MR proved to be
      more effective than CT in delineating the parts of the cavernous sinus.

PMID- 3872557
TI  - 0.6 T magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the orbit was performed with a 0.6 T
      superconducting imaging system in 100 patients with normal orbits who were being
      evaluated for brain pathology and in 21 additional patients with a variety of
      orbital lesions to determine the efficacy of MR imaging in displaying orbital
      abnormalities. Usually, MR studies were performed using a multislice technique
      with multiple spin-echo pulse sequences and 30, 60, and 90 msec echo times and
      500, 1500, and 2000 msec repetition times. Using section thicknesses of about 8
      mm, imaging was performed in the transaxial, coronal, and sagittal projections.
      Pixel size was 0.9 X 1.8 mm, and the examination took about 30 min. The MR
      findings were compared with computed tomographic (CT) findings in all cases.
      Either combined axial and coronal studies of 5-mm-thick sections or a thin axial
      study of 1-mm-thick sections followed by reformatting techniques to obtain
      multiplanar images was used. Contrast enhancement was used in the CT studies.
      Both MR and CT clearly demonstrated the soft-tissue abnormality in all cases
      except two, in which MR failed to detect the abnormality. In one, MR failed to
      detect a small retrobulbar hemorrhage that occurred after a surgical procedure
      for retinal detachment. In the second case, rather extensive calcification in the
      posterior choroidal layers and lens was not detected by MR imaging. In several
      other cases, MR provided information beyond that obtained with CT. MR has the
      advantage of providing exquisite anatomic detail in multiplanar images, and it
      appears to be more sensitive than CT in detecting small, subacute and chronic
      hemorrhage within soft-tissue masses in the orbit and in detecting ischemia of
      the globe. CT is superior to MR imaging in portraying fine bone detail.

PMID- 3872558
TI  - MR imaging of systemic lupus erythematosus involving the brain.
AB  - Focal lesions were demonstrated on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in eight
      patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and recent onset of neuropsychiatric
      symptoms. Corresponding findings were visible in only two of seven patients who
      had computed tomographic (CT) scans. Three patterns of disease were observed on
      MR when it was performed with a pulse repetition rate of 2000 msec. The first
      pattern was that of cerebral infarction, with a relatively large area of
      increased intensity. The second pattern, multiple small areas of increased
      intensity, may have been secondary to microinfarctions. The third pattern was
      that of focal areas of increased intensity, predominantly in the cerebral gray
      matter. In two of three patients with the third pattern, partial or complete
      resolution was observed on follow-up MR images obtained several weeks after the
      initial studies.

PMID- 3872559
TI  - Improved MR imaging of the orbit at 1.5 T with surface coils.
AB  - A method for obtaining localized high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) images
      of the eye and orbit is demonstrated. The method uses modified surface receiver
      coils placed immediately adjacent to the anatomy to detect the MR signal. Surface
      coils provide enhanced sensitivity for imaging voxels close to the surface of the
      body while limiting the received patient-generated noise. The resulting
      improvement in signal-to-noise ratio allows for a reduction in the imaging voxel
      size to about 0.5 X 0.5 X 5 mm in scan times of 3.4-5 min. At this level of
      resolution, anatomic detail in the orbital region previously unobservable in MR
      images is seen.

PMID- 3872560
TI  - A correlative CT and anatomic study of the sciatic nerve.

PMID- 3872561
TI  - Ethanol thrombotherapy of esophageal varices: further experience.
AB  - Fifty patients with liver cirrhosis (13 Child class B, 37 class C) were treated
      for variceal hemorrhage during a 3-year period using the transhepatic selective
      catheterization and injection of absolute ethanol. Technical failure of the
      procedure was encountered in 13 instances. The causes were the presence of
      massive ascites and rigidly contracted liver, cavernous transformation of the
      main portal vein, and severe coagulopathy. Of the 13 failures, 12 were in Child
      class C and one in class B. Of 37 initially successfully treated patients, 13
      rebled subsequently. Nine of these were Child class C and four were class B.
      Rebleeding was fatal in five of nine class C patients. Rebleeding was due to
      recanalization of previously thrombosed access channel in two of 13 patients.
      Nine patients died, despite successful thrombosis of varices, due to underlying
      medical conditions. Fifteen patients survived 6 months or more after initial
      thrombosis without rebleeding. Child class B patients are better candidates for
      this treatment technique because more favorable treatment results are expected in
      them. Child class C patients with massive ascites and severely contracted and
      rigid liver pose a significant technical challenge, but in about one-third,
      successful control of variceal bleeding can be achieved. Most of those who
      survived more than 6 months showed varying degrees of improvement in clinical
      signs and symptoms.

PMID- 3872562
TI  - Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for bile leaks and fistulas.
AB  - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and biliary drainage were performed in
      12 patients with major injuries to the bile ducts manifested by biliary leaks and
      fistulas. Eleven of the 12 patients had had inadvertent biliary trauma during
      surgery. In six patients, the biliary leaks sealed with percutaneous drainage. In
      other patients requiring definitive surgical procedures on the biliary tract,
      initial percutaneous drainage allowed these procedures to be delayed until the
      patients' clinical condition improved. Percutaneous biliary drainage is an
      important adjunct to the management of patients with traumatic extravasation of
      bile into the peritoneal cavity or biliary-cutaneous fistula.

PMID- 3872563
TI  - Percutaneous transcholecystic cholangiography: experimental study.
AB  - Percutaneous transcholecystic cholangiography was performed in three patients
      with normal-sized bile ducts and suspected obstructive jaundice, and it was
      performed 14 times in eight normal dogs. In every instance there was good
      demonstration of both the intra- and extrahepatic biliary tree. There were no
      significant clinical complications. Transcholecystic cholangiography is a
      technically easy, valuable alternative to transhepatic cholangiography for
      opacification of nondilated bile ducts.

PMID- 3872564
TI  - Aggressive postoperative pharmacotherapy for vascular compromise of replanted
      digits.

PMID- 3872565
TI  - Thrombosis and streptokinase lysis during hepatic intraarterial chemotherapy: the
      value of perfusion scintigraphy.

PMID- 3872566
TI  - National CT use and radiation exposure: United States 1983.
AB  - Data from two sources provide an estimate that in 1983, 5-5.5 million computed
      tomographic (CT) procedures were performed in the U.S. Of those, 63% were head
      scans, 27% body, and 10% spine. Ten percent or fewer were high-resolution
      studies, primarily spine CT. The surface dose varies widely but ranges between 1
      and 7 rad (10-70 mGy) for most examinations. It is estimated that CT scanning
      contributes 7%-8% of the adult active bone marrow dose that is received from
      diagnostic radiology.

PMID- 3872567
TI  - Cardiac radiology in Southern California: is there a future for cardiac
      radiologists?

PMID- 3872568
TI  - Only the shadow knows.

PMID- 3872569
TI  - 1984 conference on CT dosimetry.

PMID- 3872570
TI  - Predictive value of ventilation-perfusion scanning for pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 3872571
TI  - The radiologic distinction of cardiogenic and noncardiogenic edema.
AB  - Improvement in the ability to determine the specific cause of any given case of
      pulmonary edema would lead to more rapid and definitive treatment. "Wedge"
      pressures and measurements of cardiac output derived from Swan-Ganz
      catheterization assist in making this determination, but the procedure is
      invasive, expensive, associated with complications, and not infrequently
      inaccurate. A plain chest film is, however, almost invariably available in all
      patients with pulmonary edema, and as shown in this study, the cause of the edema
      can be determined with a high degree of accuracy by careful attention to certain
      radiographic features. An independent two-observer study was performed on 216
      chest radiographs of 61 patients with cardiac disease, 30 with renal failure or
      overhydration, and 28 with capillary permeability edema. Three principal and
      seven ancillary features have been identified, all of which are statistically
      significant and permit the cause of the edema to be determined correctly in a
      high percentage of cases. The three principal features are distribution of
      pulmonary flow, distribution of pulmonary edema, and the width of the vascular
      pedicle. The ancillary features are pulmonary blood volume, peribronchial
      cuffing, septal lines, pleural effusions, air bronchograms, lung volume, and
      cardiac size. Differing constellations of these features occur, each of which is
      characteristic of a specific type of edema. Overall accuracy of diagnosis in this
      study ranged from 86% to 89%. The highest accuracy was obtained in distinguishing
      capillary permeability edema from all other varieties (91%), and the lowest in
      distinguishing chronic cardiac failure from renal failure (81%).

PMID- 3872572
TI  - Vascular calcification in types II and IV hyperlipoproteinemia: radiographic
      appearance and clinical significance.
AB  - Nearly 90% of patients with clear-cut hyperlipidemia seen in clinical practice
      have type II or IV hyperlipoproteinemia. Previous studies have shown that these
      syndromes have different distributions of coronary artery atherosclerosis and
      different outcomes after coronary bypass grafting. A characteristic pattern of
      vascular calcification on chest films might have some prognostic value.
      Therefore, to determine the location and extent of aortic root and coronary
      artery calcification seen on chest films, 33 consecutive patients with type II
      and 17 with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia were studied who were admitted for
      coronary arteriography between 1970 and 1982. Among the 33 patients with type II
      disease, 21 women and 12 men, 22 had radiographically visible calcification that
      was different in distribution from that usually found in atherosclerotic disease.
      The ascending aorta was involved in 21 and the arch in 12. In eight patients, the
      calcium outlined a distinctive narrowing of the ascending aorta. Six patients had
      significant left ventricular obstruction; in five it was from aortic valve
      stenosis. Of the 17 type IV patients, 16 men and one woman, none had aortic
      calcification or left ventricular outflow obstruction, and only one had coronary
      artery calcification. These data demonstrate that patients with type II
      hyperlipoproteinemia have severe calcific atherosclerosis of the aortic root that
      often is visible on chest films. Such calcification may alert physicians to the
      presence of type II hyperlipoproteinemia and the high probability of severe
      coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3872573
TI  - Distribution of pneumothorax in the supine and semirecumbent critically ill
      adult.
AB  - Although a number of radiologic signs of pneumothorax in the supine patient have
      been reported, the frequency of involvement of various pleural recesses has not
      been emphasized. In 88 critically ill patients with 112 pneumothoraces, the
      anteromedial (38%) and subpulmonic (26%) recesses were the most commonly involved
      in the supine and semirecumbent position. In this study, 30% of pneumothoraces
      were not initially detected by the clinician or radiologist, and half of these
      progressed to tension pneumothorax. Knowledge of the most common recesses
      involved in pneumothorax and aggressive use of additional radiographic views,
      including computed tomography, should increase detection of pneumothoraces in
      critically ill patients.

PMID- 3872574
TI  - Localized peribronchial thickening: a CT sign of occult bronchogenic carcinoma.

PMID- 3872575
TI  - Aneurysm of the proximal thoracic aorta simulating neoplasm: the role of CT and
      angiography.

PMID- 3872576
TI  - Mammographic needle localization of lesions seen in only one view.
AB  - A new xeromammographic needle localization technique for occult breast lesions
      seen on only one view is described, which permitted successful localization of an
      occult lesion visible only on mediolateral projection. To test its accuracy, the
      method was also applied to 15 other cases (16 lesions) where the lesion was seen
      in two views, but localization was performed as if it were seen in one view only.
      The technique takes advantage of the geometry of x-ray beam angulation and
      triangulation.

PMID- 3872577
TI  - CT demonstration of peripelvic and periureteral non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

PMID- 3872578
TI  - Pelvimetry by magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Sagittal and transverse multisection magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 10
      patients was used to obtain dimensions of the maternal pelvis, determine fetal
      position, and examine maternal and fetal soft tissues. Dimensions were measured
      with less than 1% instrument error, and bony landmarks were readily identified.
      MR pelvimetry is an accurate technique for obtaining traditional pelvimetric
      measurements without exposure to ionizing radiation. These techniques can be
      further used to investigate soft-tissue dystocia and obstructed labor.

PMID- 3872579
TI  - Caldwell Lecture. Giant cell tumor of bone: highlights of 407 cases.
AB  - This retrospective study of 407 cases of giant cell tumor indicated that most
      tumors were in the expected locations, usually in the end of a major tubular
      bone. Female patients accounted for a definite, but slight, majority. Five
      patients had metaphyseal tumors, and three patients had multifocal tumors. Only
      one tumor occurred in a lesion of Paget disease. Local soft-tissue implantation,
      ordinarily with the implant having a mineralized shell, was observed in 10 of the
      cases. Eight patients had tumors that produced benign metastatic lesions, and two
      of them have died. Histologically, malignant change developed in 28 of the cases;
      in 21 of these, radiation had been included in the treatment of the primary
      lesion.

PMID- 3872580
TI  - Computed tomography of parosteal osteosarcoma.
AB  - Twelve patients with parosteal osteosarcomas were evaluated by computed
      tomography (CT). CT accurately defined the extent of the tumors for purposes of
      surgical planning, although tumor bone often could not be distinguished from
      thickened host bone. Nine tumors invaded the medullary cavity, a feature that
      implies a poorer prognosis when the tumor also contains high-grade areas. Six CT
      studies accurately detected the medullary invasion, but three did not. Lucent
      areas within dense tumors contained either benign tissue or high- or low-grade
      tumor; CT did not differentiate among these different tissues. CT also did not
      reveal small satellite nodules of tumor beyond the main tumor mass.

PMID- 3872581
TI  - Osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint: a radiologic-pathologic study.
AB  - Cadaveric specimens and patient radiographs were examined in order to establish
      the pattern and the distribution of degenerative alterations of the glenohumeral
      joint. Characteristic osseous changes occur in response to alterations in the
      articular cartilage and rotator cuff. The extent of these changes is
      underestimated by plain-film radiography. A strong association was found between
      the changes of osteoarthritis (OA) and those related to deterioration of the
      rotator cuff. Idiopathic OA of the glenohumeral joint was discovered in 10 (20%)
      of 50 symptomatic patients age 60 years and over. Theories regarding the
      pathomechanics and interrelations between glenohumeral joint OA and rotator cuff
      deterioration are discussed.

PMID- 3872582
TI  - Comparison of overhead and cross-table lateral views for detection of knee-joint
      effusion.
AB  - Prompted by the failure to detect a clinically evident knee-joint effusion on the
      cross-table lateral view of an injured patient, a prospective study was carried
      out to compare the routine overhead and cross-table lateral knee views for
      detection of joint effusion in 18 patients with acute knee trauma. In every case,
      the size of the effusion as determined by the "fat-pad separation sign" was
      greater on the overhead view (p less than 0.001). In three patients the effusion
      would have been missed radiologically had the vertical-beam projection been
      omitted. The authors conclude that the cross-table lateral view is less sensitive
      than the routine overhead lateral view in the detection of knee-joint effusions
      because of fluid shift into the lateral recesses of the suprapatellar bursa with
      the patient in the supine position. This phenomenon is demonstrated by
      arthrography and computed tomography in one patient.

PMID- 3872584
TI  - Association of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy with gastrointestinal polyposis.

PMID- 3872583
TI  - Focal lytic lesions associated with femoral stem loosening in total hip
      prosthesis.
AB  - Focal lytic lesions may occur in the proximal femur associated with loosening of
      the femoral component of a total hip prosthesis. During long-term follow-up of 62
      patients with total hip prostheses, five such lesions developed. Histologically
      the lesions appear to be a histiocytic response to fragmented methylmethacrylate.
      Radiographically the lesions may suggest infection or neoplasm. Pathologic
      fracture may occur through large lesions. Experience in one case suggests that
      thorough removal of the tissue at the time of revision may be necessary to
      prevent recurrence. The recent reports of several malignant neoplasms developing
      in association with the femoral components of total hip replacements makes
      recognition of these benign focal lytic lesions even more important.

PMID- 3872585
TI  - CT evaluation of tarsometatarsal fracture-dislocation injuries.
AB  - Fracture-dislocation in the tarsometatarsal region (Lisfranc) may be subtle and
      difficult to recognize on standard radiographic projections. Computed tomography
      (CT) was used to study the normal anatomy of the forefoot and to evaluate three
      patients with suspected tarsometatarsal fracture dislocation. The advantages of
      CT in the evaluation of forefoot trauma are emphasized.

PMID- 3872586
TI  - Nuclear tomographic phase analysis: localization of accessory conduction pathway
      in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of tomographic phase
      analysis in detecting the site of the accessory conduction pathway (ACP) in
      patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. Gated emission computed
      tomography and planar gated blood pool scintigraphy were performed in 20 patients
      with WPW syndrome, 14 with delta waves and six without delta waves (two
      intermittent types and four concealed types). The abnormal initial contractions
      in both planar and tomographic phase images were compared with the sites of ACPs
      confirmed by epicardial mapping and surgery. The atrioventricular ring was
      divided into eight segments on each side, and the identification of the initial
      phase in the segment in which the ACP was located, or that adjacent to it, was
      considered to be the correct diagnosis. In planar phase analysis, the abnormal
      initial phase was identified correctly in 8 of 14 patients (57%), whereas in
      tomographic phase analysis, the site of the ACP was detected in 12 of 14 patients
      (86%). Tomographic phase analysis can be a helpful adjunctive method in patients
      with WPW syndrome.

PMID- 3872587
TI  - Intramural right atrial hematoma following coronary artery bypass surgery.

PMID- 3872588
TI  - Septal Q wave in exercise testing: evaluation by single-photon emission computed
      tomography.
AB  - Changes of septal Q waves in lead V5 by exercise were evaluated with single
      photon emission computed tomography. Coronary artery disease was present in 66
      patients, 48 of whom had left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD)
      involvement. Forty-one subjects had normal coronary arteries. All patients under
      investigation were classified into 3 groups: group A (18 patients)--regression of
      Q amplitude during exercise; group B (48 patients)--progression or no change of Q
      wave or a new Q wave during exercise; and group C (41 patients)--no Q waves at
      rest and during exercise. Perfusion defects of the septum were calculated 3
      dimensionally and expressed as a percent of the total septum. Seventeen patients
      (94%) in group A showed septal perfusion defects by exercise and all of them had
      LAD stenosis. Forty-three patients (90%) in group B showed no septal perfusion
      defects, but the others with perfusion defects had LAD stenosis. In group C, 23
      of 41 patients (56%) had an LAD lesion, of whom 91% showed septal perfusion
      defects; none of the remaining 18 patients without LAD stenosis showed perfusion
      defects. The area of septal perfusion defects during exercise was larger in group
      A (62 +/- 19%) and in group C (52 +/- 19%) than in group B (23 +/- 9%) (groups A
      vs B, p less than 0.001; groups C vs B, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3872589
TI  - Ventricular arrhythmias induced by dynamic and static exercise in relation to
      coronary artery bypass grafting.
AB  - The effect of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on exercise-induced
      ventricular arrhythmias was examined in 53 patients. A bicycle exercise test and
      an isometric handgrip exercise test were performed before and 3 months after
      CABG. Exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias were detected preoperatively in 14
      patients (26%), in 13 during the bicycle test and in 11 during the handgrip test,
      and in 18 patients (34%) after CABG. Thus, CABG had no significant effect on the
      occurrence of exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias. Nine patients had new
      exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias after CABG, 8 of whom had evidence of
      previous myocardial infarction, whereas only 8 of the 35 patients (23%) without
      postoperative ventricular arrhythmias had had a previous infarction. The rate of
      graft patency or improvement in exercise tolerance in patients with new
      postoperative arrhythmias did not differ from that in patients who did not have
      exercise-induced arrhythmias after CABG. The results confirm that CABG has no
      influence on the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias induced by physical
      exercise. Patients with a previous myocardial infarction appear to be prone to
      new ventricular arrhythmias despite successful revascularization.

PMID- 3872590
TI  - Correlation of saphenous vein bypass graft angiograms with histologic changes at
      necropsy.
AB  - Previous studies of saphenous vein (SV) bypass grafts have been either
      angiographic or morphologic, and few have correlated angiograms with histology.
      Nine necropsy patients who had received 21 SV implants 12 to 120 months (mean 67
      +/- 42) before death were studied. All patients had severe coronary artery
      disease. Three types of histologic changes were found: atherosclerosis in 9
      grafts, fibrointimal proliferation in 8 and total occlusion with fibrosis in 4.
      All patients had premortem angiograms 0 to 3 months (mean 0.7 +/- 1.1) before
      death. In 14 of 21 grafts, premortem angiograms accurately reflected the
      postmortem findings. In 7 grafts, the premortem angiograms either overestimated
      (4 grafts) or underestimated (3 grafts) the extent of luminal narrowing. Six of
      the 7 SV implants incorrectly assessed by angiography had fibrointimal
      proliferation and 1 had atherosclerosis. The presence of smooth muscle in SV
      implants with fibrointimal proliferation may be a mechanism of spasm or
      relaxation during angiography, which could cause errors in estimating the degree
      of stenosis. Nitrates or calcium antagonists may be useful in both assessing the
      degree of underlying vasomotion in SV grafts and as a therapeutic modality.

PMID- 3872591
TI  - Subendocardial resection for sustained ventricular tachycardia in the early
      period after acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - One hundred nineteen patients with drug-refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT)
      underwent mapping-guided subendocardial resection for control of their
      arrhythmias from 3 weeks to 10 years after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
      Patients were separated into 2 groups: those treated early (within 4 months,
      group I) and those treated later (after 1 year, group II) after AMI. There were
      32 patients in group I and 72 patients in group II. Both groups of patients had
      similar clinical, angiographic and hemodynamic characteristics. Patients in group
      I had VT with a shorter mean cycle length than patients in group II (322 +/- 71
      vs 349 +/- 88 ms, p less than 0.05). The groups did not differ with respect to
      operative mortality (12% vs 7%), late mortality (31% vs 33%, mean follow-up 23
      months), or frequency with which subendocardial resection without any adjunctive
      therapy prevented postoperative spontaneous or inducible VT (21% vs 34%). Group I
      was further separated into patients who underwent subendocardial resection within
      1 month of AMI (n = 7) and those who underwent subendocardial resection with 2
      months of AMI (n = 14). Although patients in group I were characterized by having
      more spontaneous morphologically distinct tachycardias, their operative
      mortality, total mortality and surgical success rates were comparable to those of
      patients in group II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3872592
TI  - Left ventricular volume determination using single-photon emission computed
      tomography.
AB  - A new method for measuring left ventricular (LV) volume based on gated single
      photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is described. Preliminary phantom
      studies showed an excellent correlation between SPECT and observed volumes (r =
      0.99, standard error of the estimate [SEE] = 4.9 ml). SPECT was performed 24
      hours after biplane contrast LV angiography in 36 patients. Transaxial blood pool
      tomograms were reconstructed by filtered back projection and reoriented to views
      orthogonal to the cardiac axes. Volume was calculated from serial short-axis
      tomograms by determining the base, apex and lateral borders of the LV blood pool,
      ascertaining the number of pixels in this volume and multiplying by the known
      volume of a pixel. Gated SPECT volumes were compared with contrast angiographic
      volumes. At end-systole, r = 0.96 and SEE = 12 ml; at end-diastole, r = 0.81 and
      SEE = 27 ml. For ejection fraction, r = 0.85 and SEE = 0.06. To test
      interobserver variation in processing, count data from 5 patients were processed
      twice (r = 0.98, SEE = 8.3 ml). There is an excellent correlation between SPECT
      and contrast angiographic volumes at end-systole; at end-diastole the relation is
      good. SPECT requires no arbitrary background correction, allows systematic
      isolation of the left ventricle from other overlapping cardiac chambers and
      requires no geometric assumptions for volume determination. It has promise as a
      direct method for measuring LV volume in a minimally invasive manner.

PMID- 3872593
TI  - Endoscopic Yag laser therapy in a community hospital.
AB  - Our early experience would indicate that in a community hospital the presence of
      a Yag laser in the hands of an experienced endoscopist can contribute: to
      alleviate symptoms of esophageal carcinoma, to control bleeding and obstructive
      manifestations of colorectal neoplasms, and perhaps to remove entirely certain
      villous adenomas of the colon.

PMID- 3872594
TI  - Interstitial lung disease and hilar adenopathy in a 28-year-old man with aplastic
      anemia.

PMID- 3872595
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus: delineation of subpopulations by clinical,
      serologic, and T cell subset analysis.
AB  - Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (n = 194) were analyzed for
      correlation of clinical features. In addition, the proportions of the two major T
      cell subsets were determined in 87 subjects. Two patient subgroups were
      discerned: one in which severe renal disease, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia
      predominated, and a second in which sicca syndrome and involvement of the central
      nervous system, lungs and muscle occurred. The ratio of T helper/inducer to T
      suppressor/cytotoxic cells was reduced in the first group and increased in the
      second. We conclude that SLE does not comprise a single disease entity, but
      rather represents a number of syndromes with overlapping clinical features. The
      correlation of clinical symptoms with the proportions of circulating T cell
      subsets suggests that several immunologic mechanisms may underlie the various
      types of SLE.

PMID- 3872596
TI  - Treatment of Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis in rabbits with oral and topical
      ketoconazole.
AB  - Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis was established in rabbits by intrastromal
      injection of a suspension containing 5,000 spores. After a 48-hour incubation
      period, the animals were treated with oral and topical ketoconazole alone and in
      combination with topical natamycin for five days. Colony counts per cornea were
      obtained at the conclusion of the treatment period. Based on these colony counts,
      neither oral nor topical ketoconazole was effective despite moderate in vitro
      sensitivity of the fungus to ketoconazole. Oral and topical ketoconazole used in
      conjunction with natamycin, however, appeared to augment sterilization of A.
      fumigatus in this model of fungal keratitis.

PMID- 3872597
TI  - Toward the design of an optimal filter for enhancement of dichromat monocular
      chromatic discrimination.
AB  - Based on Farnsworth's theories of color confusion and discrimination, "rose
      colored" or "pink" filters such as the X-Chrom material of 0.16 mm in thickness
      or the Kodak Wratten no. 30 filter act as monocular chromatic enhancers for
      red/green color deficients by virtue of colorimetrically lengthening color space
      in a direction perpendicular to the dichromatic axis of color confusion. Using
      derived formulas for dichromat colorimetry, a set of representative isoluminant
      isochroma spectral hues, and interactive computer graphic colorimetric tools, it
      is possible to determine an optimum spectrophotometric filter curve. Such a
      filter has minimal middle wavelength transmission and is optimal in terms of
      providing maximal monocular chromatic clues for discriminative tasks involving
      confused colors.

PMID- 3872598
TI  - The JLS lens: an aid for patients with color vision problems.
AB  - A device for helping color deficient patients has been developed. It utilizes an
      aqua tinted soft contact lens. Although the results have not yet undergone the
      appropriate scientific testing, these findings suggest that there are new
      developments that can help patients with color vision problems.

PMID- 3872599
TI  - Effects of deoxycoformycin in mice. III. A murine model reproducing multi-system
      pathology of human adenosine deaminase deficiency.
AB  - Adult AKR/J mice were treated with 10 micrograms/g or 100 micrograms/g 2'
      deoxycoformycin, an adenosine deaminase inhibitor with chemotherapeutic
      potential. The thymus and adrenal glands were decreased in weight more than any
      other organ. Histologic and cytofluorographic analyses indicated preferential
      depletion of peanut-agglutinin-positive, cortical thymocytes, as well as acute,
      dose-dependent damage to the adrenal cortex and medulla. The effect of 2'
      deoxycoformycin on the thymus was proven to be independent of the adrenal glands
      by use of adrenalectomized mice. Dose-dependent liver necrosis, hemolysis, and
      leukemoid reactivity were observed. These findings illustrate a differential
      sensitivity of thymocyte subpopulations and suggest, in addition, preferential
      sensitivity of certain nonlymphoid tissues to 2'-deoxycoformycin administered in
      vivo.

PMID- 3872600
TI  - The etiologic role of acute suppurative otitis media in chronic secretory otitis.

PMID- 3872601
TI  - Ototoxicity: a contemporary review of aminoglycosides, loop diuretics,
      acetylsalicylic acid, quinine, erythromycin, and cisplatinum.

PMID- 3872602
TI  - Epidermal growth factor measurements in mouse plasma: method, ontogeny, and sex
      difference.
AB  - A highly sensitive mouse plasma (serum) epidermal growth factor (EGF)
      radioimmunoassay was utilized to determine EGF levels in mouse plasma and
      submandibular gland (SMG) at different ages. Plasma and serum levels were not
      different. Inferior vena caval blood was used because even at the age of 12 days
      EGF levels were markedly higher in neck blood. At 2 wk serum EGF levels were 60%
      of adult female levels. After a temporary decrease, mean EGF concentrations
      reached adult values at 31 and 60 days in the female but not yet in the male. In
      adults male serum EGF levels were twofold higher than female levels. This
      difference is parallel to but much smaller than the sex difference in SMG-EGF.
      SMG-EGF showed a very different ontogeny. Moreover, no correlation was present in
      the adults between the SMG and serum EGF concentrations. Testosterone treatment
      of adult females doubled their serum EGF levels, but the stimulated values were
      still below the mean of the male levels. The present observed plasma (serum) EGF
      levels in the mouse are 20-40% of previously reported values, probably because of
      the absence of EGF contamination from hair (urine) and milk.

PMID- 3872604
TI  - Differences in lateral hemispheric asymmetries of glucose utilization between
      early- and late-onset Alzheimer-type dementia.
AB  - Positron emission tomography with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose revealed greater right
      than left hemispheric impairment of cortical glucose metabolism in patients with
      probable Alzheimer's disease who were younger than 65 but not in those over 65.
      This asymmetry was related to poor visuospatial performance.

PMID- 3872603
TI  - Persistence of cerebral metabolic abnormalities in chronic schizophrenia as
      determined by positron emission tomography.
AB  - Local cerebral metabolic rates were determined by positron emission tomography
      and the deoxyglucose method in a group of 10 chronic schizophrenic subjects
      before and after somatic treatment and in eight normal subjects. Before
      treatment, schizophrenic subjects had markedly lower absolute metabolic activity
      than did normal controls in both frontal and temporal regions and a trend toward
      relative hyperactivity in the basal ganglia area. After treatment, their
      metabolic rates approached those seen in normal subjects in nearly all regions
      except frontal. Persistence of diminished frontal metabolism was manifested as
      significant relative hypofrontality. These findings suggest specific loci of
      aberrant cerebral functioning in chronic schizophrenia and the utility of
      positron emission tomography in characterizing these abnormalities.

PMID- 3872605
TI  - The Edgecombe County High Blood Pressure Control Program: III. Social support,
      social stressors, and treatment dropout.
AB  - In a hypertension prevalence survey of a stratified random sample of 1,000
      households, 2,030 adults (aged 18 years and over) were interviewed and
      information on psychosocial variables collected. Among 359 hypertensives, there
      was a consistent relationship between indicators of difficulty in the social
      environment and dropout from treatment in women. Compared to those who remained
      in treatment, women who dropped out can be characterized as having less social
      support on the job, having less perceived spouse approval (if married), having a
      lower level of perceived access to supportive resources, and being more likely to
      report feeling pushed most or all of the time if they are homemakers.
      Relationships between indicators of social support and dropout from treatment in
      men were found only with support on the job, and for White men, with perceived
      friend approval.

PMID- 3872606
TI  - Psychoneuroses among Mexican Americans and other whites: prevalence and caseness.
AB  - This paper reports the findings from an epidemiological survey conducted in
      California using the Health Opinion Survey (HOS), a measure of psychoneuroticism,
      as well as other scales and inventories. Uncontrolled results indicate that
      Mexican Americans have higher symptom and case levels, but that these differences
      are found primarily among marginally acculturated and immigrant respondents. HOS
      caseness levels were 15.4 for Spanish-speaking Mexican Americans, 6.6 for English
      speaking Mexican Americans, and 5.5 for other Whites. Joint effects of ethnicity
      for sex, age, education, and marital status were substantial, however there were
      differences in caseness between Spanish-speaking Mexican Americans, English
      speaking Mexican Americans, and other Whites on four measures of psychological
      distress. The results indicate the importance of acculturation-related factors,
      including educational attainment, language preference, and nativity for
      predicting symptomatology among Mexican Americans.

PMID- 3872607
TI  - Risks of surgery for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: 1972 versus 1982.
AB  - A retrospective comparison was undertaken to determine if the risks of undergoing
      surgery for nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage had changed between
      1972 and 1982. In 1982, patients were on the average 9 years older, there was a
      significant decrease in bleeding from duodenal ulcers compared with 1972 data,
      gastric ulcer rates remained unchanged, and diffuse gastritis occurred more
      frequently in 1982. Mortality and morbidity rates showed no significant
      differences; however, the patient population did change with the emergence of
      older patients, in whom bleeding developed after hospitalization for other
      reasons. These patients comprised 30 percent of the 1982 study population. If
      further improvements in surgical treatment of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage
      are to occur, these patients must be identified and aggressively managed.

PMID- 3872608
TI  - Portoazygous disconnection for bleeding esophageal varices.
AB  - Between 1971 and 1982, 20 portoazygous disconnections (modified Tanner's
      operation) were performed in patients with bleeding esophagogastric varices who
      were anatomically portosystemic shunting. Immediate control of variceal
      hemorrhage was achieved in all patients, although rebleeding occurred after eight
      operations at intervals from 2 days to 7.5 years postoperatively, requiring
      additional surgery at a mean interval of 2.5 years. There were eight
      perioperative deaths. Analysis has suggested increased mortality in patients with
      more severely impaired liver function according to Child's classification, and in
      patients who require urgent or emergent operations. There was an 80 percent
      incidence of major and minor complications. Portoazygous disconnection is not a
      satisfactory alternative to portosystemic shunting, except in a selected group of
      patients with intact hepatic function and with anatomic characteristics that
      preclude usual shunting procedures.

PMID- 3872609
TI  - A direct spectrophotometric assay for D-alanine carboxypeptidases and for the
      esterase activity of beta-lactamases.
AB  - A direct spectrophotometric pH indicator method has been devised to assay the
      activity of the D-Ala carboxypeptidase/transpeptidase of Streptomyces R61, and
      which should be of general application to D-Ala carboxypeptidases. The substrate
      employed is N,N'-diacetyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-lactate. The method allows the
      determination of steady-state kinetic parameters, and can also be used for the
      assay of the esterase activity of beta-lactamases against specific depsipeptides.

PMID- 3872610
TI  - Gastric mucosal lacerations: a complication of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

PMID- 3872611
TI  - The significance of Babinski signs in children with head trauma.
AB  - A prospective study was undertaken to investigate the significance of Babinski
      signs in children with head trauma. Thirty-eight children between the ages of 1
      and 15 were studied. Twenty-four of the children were admitted to the hospital
      for observation; 14 were sent home, with 24-hour follow-up in the pediatrics
      clinic. Of the 24 children admitted, six were believed to have altered CNS status
      or other focal findings on examination in the emergency department, and 18 were
      judged by two independent observers to have Babinski signs, either unilateral or
      bilateral, as their only neurological finding. Twelve hours after admission, all
      18 children who had been admitted on the basis of Babinski signs alone had
      downgoing toes and they continued to have Babinski signs. The isolated presence
      of Babinski signs in a child with a history of head injury is not indicative of
      poor neurological outcome. An otherwise asymptomatic child who presents with a
      history of head injury and a solitary finding of Babinski sign(s) may be observed
      safely at home rather than being admitted to the hospital for observation.

PMID- 3872612
TI  - Bleeding from stress gastritis. Has prophylactic pH control made a difference?
AB  - Control of intragastric pH with antacids or H2-receptor antagonists is a standard
      prophylactic treatment routinely used to prevent or control bleeding from acute
      erosive gastritis (AEG) in critically ill patients on trauma and surgical
      services. The incidence of bleeding from AEG was documented on these services
      retrospectively before and after the institution of standard prophylaxis
      treatment to determine the relative morbidity, mortality, and risk factors of
      each era. During the preprophylaxis and postprophylaxis era, the incidence of
      bleeding was the same, 2.3 per cent (13 of approximately 550 patients in each
      study period). Prior to prophylaxis, three times as many patients required
      operation (1 versus 3 patients) although the average transfusion requirement was
      the same (4.4 units of blood). During both eras the majority of patients were
      septic and showed other signs of organ failure. Inadequate prophylaxis (failure
      to prescribe or early discontinuation) was documented in over half of the
      patients who bled and in the patient requiring operation in spite of a
      departmental interest in stress gastritis prophylaxis. If antacids and H2
      receptor antagonists are used routinely, complications from AEG should be
      reduced. Even with improved methods of pH control, it appears unlikely that this
      problem will be eliminated.

PMID- 3872613
TI  - [Articular pain in childhood].

PMID- 3872614
TI  - [Collapsed ventricle syndrome (slit-ventricle). Apropos of 8 cases].
AB  - Slit-ventricle syndrome (SVS) may appear in shunted hydrocephalic children as a
      complication by chronic overdrainage. SVS is defined by clinical features
      (headache, nausea and/or vomiting, disturbance of consciousness), slow valve
      refilling and slit or slit-like ventricles at computerized tomography. Authors
      report eight cases of SVS and review physiopathological, clinical and therapeutic
      aspects of this syndrome. It is concluded that SVS at present time may be
      considered an iatrogenic complication and the placement of high-pressure valves
      as a prophylactic measure can be a useful system to avoid SVS. It seems necessary
      to make more studies in order to evaluate efficacy of antisiphon devices.

PMID- 3872615
TI  - [Neurological changes in Giedion's syndrome (tricho-rhinophalagia type I)].
AB  - Seven cases of type I trichorhinophalangeal syndrome which reveal peculiar
      clinical and radiologic characteristics are presented. Related neurologic
      findings such as mental and motor retardation in four cases and seizures in three
      of them, are analyzed. With the exception of three cases in which there was a
      probable hypoxic-isquemic brain injury, no organic cause could be related to the
      former findings. Only one of the patients presented no neurologic disorders.
      Although occasional descriptions of psychomotor retardation and seizures related
      to Giedion syndrome can be found, until now the relative frequency of neurologic
      disorders in these patients had not been emphasized.

PMID- 3872616
TI  - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with chronic renal failure.
AB  - Endoscopy to evaluate upper gastrointestinal bleeding was done for 482 patients
      over a 42-month period. Fifty-nine patients (12%) had chronic renal failure and
      upper gastrointestinal bleeding; the remaining 423 did not have renal failure.
      Angiodysplasia of the stomach or duodenum was the most frequent source of
      bleeding in patients with renal failure. Angiodysplasia (p less than 0.001) and
      erosive esophagitis (p less than 0.01) were significantly commoner causes of
      bleeding in the renal failure population than in the group without renal failure.
      Recurrent bleeding was also more frequent in patients with renal failure (25%)
      than in the other patients (11%). Angiodysplasia was the most frequent source of
      recurrent bleeding in patients with renal failure (53%) whereas peptic lesions
      were the most likely sources in those without renal failure (51%). These data
      show that the differential diagnoses of first and subsequent upper
      gastrointestinal bleeding sites differ for patients with and without chronic
      renal failure.

PMID- 3872617
TI  - Chancroid and Haemophilus ducreyi.

PMID- 3872618
TI  - Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura treated with antithymocyte globulin.

PMID- 3872619
TI  - Hypercoagulability, hyperlipidemia, and serum antiproteases.

PMID- 3872620
TI  - Effects of the protease inhibitor (Pi) polymorphism on alpha-1-antitrypsin
      concentration and elastase inhibitory capacity in human serum.
AB  - The concentration of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and its elastase inhibitory
      capacity (EIC) have been investigated in vitro in sera from 1688 healthy Canberra
      blood donors typed for electrophoretic variants of the protease inhibitor (Pi)
      locus. Nine Pi alleles were recorded in the sample, of which M1 was found at a
      frequency of nearly 70% and the other eight were each at frequencies below 15%.
      As a class, heterozygotes among the three Pi M subtype alleles, M1, M2 and M3,
      have higher means and lower variances for AAT and EiC than do the three M subtype
      homozygotes. Among the three homozygotes M1M1 has highest AAT and EIC and among
      the heterozygotes dominance in M1M2 and M1M3 is towards or beyond the high M1M1
      values. Of the six other Pi alleles recorded, two (F and G) have similar values
      to the M subtypes but the other four (I, N, S and Z) have lower values. The
      patterns of means and variances in AAT and EIC for the different M subtype
      genotypes do not support the precise threshold function postulated by Martin and
      Oakeshott (1983) to relate activity to Darwinian fitness. Nevertheless, several
      aspects of the results are consistent with a general positive relationship
      between activity and fitness.

PMID- 3872621
TI  - In vivo measurement of brain tumor pH using [11C]DMO and positron emission
      tomography.
AB  - In vivo measurements of regional brain tissue/tumor pH (rpH) have been
      accomplished in 9 patients with primary or metastatic brain tumors using
      [11C]dimethyloxazolidinedione [( 11C]DMO) and positron emission tomography. Tumor
      rpH values ranged from 6.88 to 7.26, whereas gray matter and white matter rpH
      values ranged from 6.74 to 7.09 and from 6.77 to 7.03, respectively. Our results,
      which are consistent with reported [14C]DMO autoradiographic measurements of
      brain and tumor pH, suggest that the pH microenvironment of brain tumors is not
      more "acidic" than that of normal gray or white matter.

PMID- 3872622
TI  - Evolution of computed tomographic abnormalities in leptomeningeal metastases.
AB  - We obtained serial cranial computed tomographic (CT) scans from 25 patients with
      documented leptomeningeal metastases in order to correlate the course of clinical
      symptoms and cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities with the evolution of CT
      abnormalities. In almost one-third of patients, relatively specific CT findings
      such as enhancement of the meninges, obliteration of cisterns or sulci, and
      hydrocephalus with transependymal edema preceded clinical symptoms. By the time
      patients became symptomatic, 10 of 25 (40%) had specific abnormalities, and 4
      more became specifically abnormal with time. The first scan after cerebrospinal
      fluid tumor cells were discovered showed specific abnormalities in only 6
      patients, but 7 more became specifically abnormal with time. Ventriculomegaly
      occurred in 18 of 25 patients (72%) and was associated with sulcal and/or
      cisternal obliteration in one-half of the patients. In 4 patients sulcal and
      cisternal obliteration developed prior to ventricular enlargement. Multiple
      small, enhancing cortical nodules were detected prior to symptom onset and
      discovery of leptomeningeal tumor in 5 patients.

PMID- 3872623
TI  - Positive direct antiglobulin tests due to clavulanic acid.
AB  - Clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, was found to be associated with the
      development of a positive direct antiglobulin test. Of 23 antibiotic courses in
      patients treated with ticarcillin, clavulanic acid, and tobramycin, 10 (43.5%)
      developed positive direct antiglobulin tests versus 2 of 26 (7.7%) patients
      treated with piperacillin and tobramycin (P = 0.0044). In vitro
      immunohematological studies showed that clavulanic acid caused a nonimmunologic
      adsorption of plasma proteins onto the erythrocyte surface. Hemolysis was not
      associated with such nonimmunologic adsorption. However, the resulting positive
      antiglobulin test might delay cross matching of blood products for transfusions
      or interfere with the evaluation of true immune-mediated hemolytic anemia.

PMID- 3872624
TI  - Enhanced liposome-mediated activity of piperacillin against staphylococci.
AB  - This study showed that encapsulation of the beta-lactam antibiotic piperacillin
      (PIP) by liposomes prepared with phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol (1:1)
      protected the drug from hydrolysis by staphylococcal beta-lactamase. This was
      demonstrated by growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus in the presence of the
      liposomal preparation containing PIP at a 50% MIC. Growth inhibition was also
      seen when exogenous beta-lactamase was added. Furthermore, adsorption of PIP onto
      the surface of liposomes containing buffer conferred a significant degree of
      protection against enzymatic hydrolysis of the drug, thus enhancing its
      antistaphylococcal activity.

PMID- 3872625
TI  - A permeability barrier as a mechanism of chloramphenicol resistance in
      Haemophilus influenzae.
AB  - Chloramphenicol resistance in Haemophilus influenzae occurs most frequently via
      plasmid-mediated chloramphenicol acetyltransferase production. We studied four
      strains with high-level chloramphenicol resistance (MIC greater than 20
      micrograms/ml) which did not have detectable chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
      activity. The chloramphenicol resistance determinant was transformed into a
      chloramphenicol-susceptible laboratory H. influenzae strain from each of the four
      wild-type strains, enabling isogenic comparisons. By thin-layer chromatography
      and a bioassay, there was no evidence of non-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
      modification of chloramphenicol. In vitro protein synthesis in the presence of
      chloramphenicol was equivalently inhibited in the chloramphenicol-resistant
      transformants and in the susceptible recipient. Chloramphenicol uptake by these
      strains during logarithmic growth was compared by high-pressure liquid
      chromatographic quantitation; at chloramphenicol concentrations of 5, 10, and 20
      micrograms/ml the four transformants showed a decreased rate of uptake of
      chloramphenicol compared with the isogenic chloramphenicol-susceptible recipient.
      Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of outer
      membrane proteins revealed a markedly diminished 40-kilodalton protein in the
      resistant transformants. We propose that the mechanism of chloramphenicol
      resistance in these strains is a relative permeability barrier due to the loss of
      an outer membrane protein.

PMID- 3872626
TI  - In vitro inhibition of Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis growth by
      bithionol, dichlorophene, and hexachlorophene.
AB  - Bithionol, dichlorophene, and hexachlorophene, which are used in treating some
      helminthic infections, killed trophozoites of Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas
      vaginalis in modified BI-S-33 and Asami media, respectively. Virtually all G.
      lamblia and T. vaginalis cells were killed within 24 h with a 0.42 mM
      concentration of these compounds, except that 0.93 mM dichlorophene was required
      for sterilizing T. vaginalis in the same period. In modified BI-S-33 and Asami
      media from which bovine and human sera were omitted, respectively, the inhibitory
      actions of the compounds against in vitro growth of these protozoa were
      significantly enhanced. Trophozoites of G. lamblia and T. vaginalis could be
      killed in shorter than 10 min with 0.074 mM dichlorophene and 0.0025 mM
      hexachlorophene, respectively, in serum-free media. G. lamblia, which was
      incubated in the complete medium containing dichlorophene, showed a
      characteristic swelling of the ventral side which led to disruption of the
      parasite, whereas bithionol caused a thin crack in the cytoplasm of T. vaginalis
      incubated in Asami medium. The crack appeared to enlarge and result in
      vacuolization of T. vaginalis. These observations suggest that bithionol,
      dichlorophene, and hexachlorophene merit further evaluation to ascertain whether
      they are useful for treatment of giardiasis and trichomoniasis.

PMID- 3872627
TI  - Single-dose ceftriaxone versus multiple-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the
      treatment of acute urinary tract infections.
AB  - Fifty-four college women with symptoms of lower urinary tract infections were
      randomly treated, 25 with 500 mg of ceftriaxone in a single intramuscular dose
      and 29 with 160 mg of trimethoprim-800 mg of sulfamethoxazole orally twice daily
      for 7 days. At 1 week after treatment, 23 patients (92%) in the ceftriaxone group
      and 28 patients (96%) in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group were cured.
      Responses of the patients with positive or negative antibody-coated bacteria
      tests were not significantly different. Four patients (16%) in the ceftriaxone
      group developed diarrhea and malaise. One patient (4%) in the trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole group had medication discontinued because of headaches.
      Leukopenia was found in one patient (4%) in the ceftriaxone group and four
      patients (14%) in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group.

PMID- 3872628
TI  - Calibration of the response of 9-amino acridine fluorescence to transmembrane pH
      differences in bacterial chromatophores.
AB  - The spectral characteristics of absorption and fluorescence emission of 9-amino
      acridine are not altered by the interaction with bacterial chromatophores, except
      for the attenuation of both the absorption and emission following the formation
      of a protonic gradient. The lifetime of fluorescence of the dye is significantly
      affected in the presence of membranes, and even more following illumination. The
      shortening of the lifetime induced by light is reversible and prevented by
      nigericin and K+. The onset kinetics of the fluorescence quenching following the
      generation of an artificial transmembrane pH difference is temperature dependent,
      with an activation energy of 17 +/- 3 kcal/mol. The effect of pH on the rate
      constants is consistent with a model assuming that the diffusion of the
      unprotonated species is the limiting step in the quenching phenomenon. The
      response of 9-amino acridine to artificially imposed delta pH's has been utilized
      as a calibration method for the measurements of the light-induced protonic
      gradient. The apparent inner volume of chromatophores, evaluated from the
      extraplation of the response at delta pH = 0, was found to be much larger (15- to
      40-fold) than the true osmotic volume, indicating that most of the dye is bound
      to the membrane when accumulated into the inner lumen.

PMID- 3872629
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of phospholipid N-methyltransferases
      from murine thymocyte microsomes.
AB  - Significant amounts of phospholipid N-methyltransferase activity in murine
      thymocytes were found to be distributed on the plasma membrane. The enzyme
      activity had an optimum pH of 9. The presence of divalent cations, Mg2+ (10 mM)
      or Ca2+ (1 mM), and EGTA separately in the assay had only a small effect on the
      enzyme activity. However, addition of both 10 mM Mg2+ and 1 mM Ca2+ increased the
      enzyme activity. The presence of two enzymes for each conversion of
      phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PME) and PME
      to phosphatidylcholine (PC) was suggested by the result of the determination of
      the incorporated radioactivity into PME, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine (PDE)
      and PC; the apparent Km values for S-adenosyl-L-methionine were 20 and 400-500
      microM for the conversion of PE to PME and for the conversion of PME to PC they
      were 5 microM and 40 microM. S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy), a known
      inhibitor of enzymatic methylation, competitively inhibited [14C]methyl
      incorporation into total lipid. The apparent Ki value for AdoHcy was 44.7 microM.
      Two phospholipid N-methyltransferases were partially purified by extraction with
      sodium deoxycholate, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, and affinity column
      chromatography on AdoHcy-Sepharose. One enzyme, mainly catalyzing the formation
      of PME, was purified approximately 1548-fold and the other catalyzing the
      formation of PDE and PC, was purified approximately 629- to 703-fold. However,
      the former still contained a little activity for PDE and PC formation and the
      latter contained a little activity for PME formation. In these partially purified
      phospholipid N-methyltransferase preparations, little contaminating protein O
      carboxylmethyltransferase activity was observed; however, significant PC
      phospholipase A2 activity was detected. This result may suggest that phospholipid
      N-methyltransferases associate with phospholipase A2 in the thymocyte plasma
      membrane.

PMID- 3872630
TI  - [Antitumor activities in the aspects of evolution and development].
AB  - The self-defense mechanism is established on the basis of intrinsic requirements
      for the formation of multicellular organization and for the maintenance of
      individuality in each member of a species. Anti-tumor and also anti-parasite
      mechanisms are therefore included in such intrinsic requirements. In other words,
      self-defense is one of the concrete manifestations of the self-integrity
      maintenance mechanism.

PMID- 3872631
TI  - [High-dose treatment].
AB  - High dose administration of anticancer drugs was discussed putting an emphasis on
      methotrexate and cytosine arabinoside. High dose methotrexate in combination with
      leucovorin rescue was effective on various kinds of cancer which had become
      resistant to conventional doses of anti-cancer drugs. The administration of high
      dose methotrexate, however, should be performed with meticulous precautions to
      prevent serious side effects. Side effects included gastrointestinal mucositis,
      hepatic dysfunction, nausea and vomiting. Central nervous system manifestations
      were sometimes observed. High-dose cytosine arabinoside of 3 g/m2 per 12 hours X
      12 was given by 2-hours infusion to patients with acute leukemia who had become
      resistant to conventional combination chemotherapy, or to relapsed patients. This
      regimen in combination with L-asparaginase or anthracyclines resulted in a fairly
      high remission rate among those intractable cases. High-dose cytosine arabinoside
      in combination with anthracyclines has recently been tried on patients with acute
      leukemia as an initial treatment for remission induction and consolidation. In
      this case, no intensification treatment was performed to maintain remission.
      Patients treated with this regimen as an initial medication showed a high
      remission induction rate and long remission duration. Forty percent of the
      patients were still alive after 3 years.

PMID- 3872632
TI  - Reference ranges for serum alpha 1 antitrypsin.
AB  - References ranges for serum alpha 1 antitrypsin at various ages have been
      constructed using specific protein calibration material (SPS-01). Median values
      and 5th-95th centile ranges for alpha 1 antitrypsin in cord blood are equivalent
      to those of the adult. The median concentration falls during the first 6 months
      of age to rise again to adult values by 12 months. Concentrations in early school
      age are higher than in normal adults.

PMID- 3872633
TI  - Influence of chloroquine on the porphyrin metabolism.
AB  - Rats were treated with the well-known porphyrogen hexachlorobenzene (HCB) to
      induce experimental porphyria. At the same time another group of rats was treated
      with chloroquine in addition to HCB. The HCB-induced increase of the urinary
      excretion of porphyrin precursors could thereby be reduced to normal levels and
      the porphyrin excretion rates were decreased significantly in comparison to those
      of the other group. The delta-aminolevulinate synthase in the liver of the
      animals was slightly increased by exclusive treatment with chloroquine, which in
      the HCB-treated rats chloroquine led to a dramatic decrease in the key enzyme of
      the porphyrin (heme)-biosynthesis. The influence of chloroquine on the HCB
      induced increase of the cytochrome P-450 content and the dependent enzymatic
      activities were different. The 7-ethoxycumarin deethylase and the arylhydrocarbon
      hydroxylase activities were not influenced, whereas the increased aminopyrine-N
      demethylase activity was reduced to nearly normal levels. Our findings indicate
      that chloroquine acts by reduction of the delta-aminolevulinate synthase
      activity, probably by influencing the regulation of the key enzyme of the heme
      biosynthesis, which is enhanced in human porphyria cutanea tarda, as well as in
      the HCB-induced porphyria of the rats.

PMID- 3872634
TI  - Metals in riparian wildlife of the lead mining district of southeastern Missouri.

PMID- 3872635
TI  - Anti-Ro(SSA) positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA): a clinicoserological group of
      patients with high incidence of D-penicillamine side effects.
AB  - The clinical, laboratory, histological, and radiological manifestations of 90
      Greek patients with anti-Ro(SSA) negative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were compared
      with those of 15 Greek patients with anti-Ro(SSA) positive RA. Anti-Ro(SSA)
      positive RA patients had the same articular and extra-articular manifestations as
      anti-Ro(SSA) negative patients. However, they were predominantly females with
      lower rheumatoid factor titres and a high incidence of positive minor salivary
      gland biopsy specimens for Sjogren's syndrome. Finally, anti-Ro(SSA) positive RA
      patients frequently experienced penicillamine side effects.

PMID- 3872636
TI  - Stimulation of bone marrow erythropoiesis by T lymphocytes of anaemic patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - An inappropriate response of the bone marrow is implicated in the aetiology of
      the anaemia of chronic disease complicating rheumatoid arthritis. T lymphocyte
      subsets have been shown to inhibit early erythroid development in vitro in
      association with some cases of bone marrow failure, and an expanded peripheral
      blood pool of these cells is reported in rheumatoid arthritis. We have studied
      the role of peripheral blood T lymphocytes in erythroid bone marrow culture from
      seven normal volunteers and nine anaemic patients with rheumatoid arthritis and
      found comparable stimulation of growth in both groups.

PMID- 3872637
TI  - Detection of anti-dsDNA as a diagnostic tool: a prospective study in 441 non
      systemic lupus erythematosus patients with anti-dsDNA antibody (anti-dsDNA).
AB  - The diagnostic significance of anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (anti
      dsDNA) determination was evaluated in a prospective manner from 1974 to 1982 in a
      group of 441 patients without systemic lupus erythematosus whose sera were found
      to contain antibodies to dsDNA on routine screening (Farr assay). Within one year
      69% (304) of these patients fulfilled the preliminary American Rheumatism
      Association (ARA) criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Eighty-two of
      the remaining 137 patients were followed up for several years. At the end of the
      study 52% of these patients had also developed systemic lupus erythematosus.
      Patients who developed systemic lupus erythematosus were characterised by the
      occurrence of relatively high avidity anti-dsDNA in the circulation compared with
      patients who did not develop systemic lupus erythematosus. It can be concluded
      that about 85% of patients without systemic lupus erythematosus with anti-dsDNA
      in the circulation will develop SLE within a few years. Taking into account the
      relative avidity of anti-dsDNA, as determined by calculation of Farr/polyethylene
      glycol (PEG) ratios, we conclude that patients with relatively high avidity anti
      dsDNA are more prone to develop systemic lupus erythematosus than patients with
      relatively low avidity anti-dsDNA.

PMID- 3872638
TI  - Reduced opsonisation of protein A containing Staphylococcus aureus in sera with
      cryoglobulins from patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Among a total of 41 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 11 of 14
      patients with active disease had reduced capacity (p less than 0.05) to opsonify
      Staphylococcus aureus in undiluted sera, as compared with nine of 27 patients
      with inactive disease (p less than 0.02). The opsonic reduction in the active
      patients increased with the number of active organ systems (p less than 0.002).
      No correlation was found between reduced opsonisation and corticosteroid
      treatment, or serum concentrations of complement components (C) of the classical
      pathway, or bacteria-associated activated C3. When the cryoglobulin fraction of
      immune complexes (IC) was removed, normal opsonic capacity was restored, and the
      opsonic reduction could be transferred with the cryoglobulins to pooled serum.
      Increased IC values, as measured by C1q binding assay, were found in conjunction
      with reduced opsonic capacity (p less than 0.04). Since opsonisation in SLE sera
      of a protein A deficient strain of S. aureus was normal, reduced S. aureus
      phagocytosis in SLE sera may be explained by IC binding to staphylococcal protein
      A.

PMID- 3872639
TI  - Progressive cauda equina syndrome and extensive calification/ossification of the
      lumbosacral meninges.
AB  - A patient with longstanding ankylosing spondylitis (AS) developed a cauda equina
      syndrome. The myelogram showed a block at the L2 level. Vertebral computerised
      tomography showed calcification in the centre of the spinal canal. The patient
      also had features suggestive of a diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
      (DISH). Meningeal calcification has never been reported in AS, so we suggest that
      this is related to an associated DISH. Cauda equina syndrome has not been
      described in DISH, and calcification of meninges has not been reported in AS, so
      we suggest that the meningeal calcifications and associated cauda equina syndrome
      are related to DISH.

PMID- 3872640
TI  - Blastogenic responses of splenic lymphocytes to toxoplasmal and retinal antigens
      and T- and B-cell mitogens in mice with congenital ocular toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 3872641
TI  - The hemodynamic effects and mechanism of action of pulmonary artery balloon
      counterpulsation in the treatment of right ventricular failure during left heart
      bypass.
AB  - The efficacy of pulmonary artery balloon counterpulsation (PABC) was evaluated in
      improving right ventricular (RV) output during left heart bypass for global
      cardiac failure. In 13 pigs, a 40-ml balloon was positioned within a graft
      anastomosed to the pulmonary artery distal to the pulmonary valve, and left heart
      bypass was instituted from the left atrium to the carotid artery. Global
      myocardial failure was produced by an infusion of propranolol (range, 25 to 78
      mg). In this model, RV output decreased despite volume loading to a right atrial
      pressure of 15 mm Hg and atrioventricular sequential pacing at 100 beats per
      minute. Pulmonary artery balloon counterpulsation increased both RV output (from
      519 +/- 76 to 1,117 +/- 110 ml/min; p less than 0.01) and RV systolic stroke work
      (from 1.3 +/- 0.4 to 2.3 +/- 0.6 gm-m; p less than 0.01). Right atrial pressure
      decreased (from 15.5 +/- 0.9 to 10.7 +/- 1.0 mm Hg; p less than 0.01) in 8 of the
      pigs studied during RV failure. In 5 pigs, ventricular fibrillation occurred
      without a stable model of RV failure, and there was no cardiac output before or
      after counterpulsation. The mechanism of action of PABC was studied by placing a
      flow probe around a large branch of the right pulmonary artery. During RV
      failure, balloon inflation caused flow through the pulmonary circulation, and
      ventricular systole resulted in filling of the graft. During ventricular
      fibrillation, balloon inflation and deflation produced only a to-and-fro movement
      of blood in the pulmonary artery branch without net forward flow.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3872642
TI  - Improvement in resting ventricular performance following coronary bypass surgery.
AB  - To assess the changes in resting left ventricular (LV) function following
      coronary bypass surgery, technetium 99m-labeled multiple equilibrated blood pool
      gated scans were performed in 53 consecutive patients at rest, before operation,
      and at 24 hours and 1 week after operation. Left ventricular ejection fraction
      (LVEF) and end-diastolic volume (EDV) were measured. The LVEF increased
      significantly from a preoperative value of 49 +/- 2% to 56 +/- 2% at 24 hours
      after operation (p less than 0.05) and 56 +/- 2% at 1 week following operation (p
      less than 0.05 compared with the preoperative value). The EDV also exhibited
      significant changes, decreasing from a preoperative value of 148 +/- 8 ml to 91
      +/- 11 ml at 24 hours (p less than 0.001) and 114 +/- 9 ml at 1 week (p less than
      0.01 compared with the preoperative value). When the patients were divided into
      two groups according to the preoperative LVEF (Group 1, LVEF of greater than or
      equal to 50%; Group 2, LVEF of less than 50%), the observed changes were similar.
      This study demonstrates significant improvement in resting LV function 24 hours
      following coronary bypass surgery. This improvement persists at 1 week and is not
      related to the degree of preoperative impairment. We conclude that the
      combination of successful revascularization and optimal myocardial protection can
      result in significant improvement of LV function at rest.

PMID- 3872643
TI  - Risks of mitral valve replacement and mitral valve replacement with coronary
      artery bypass.
AB  - One hundred thirty consecutive patients who underwent mitral valve replacement
      (MVR) or MVR with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using cold crystalloid
      cardioplegic solution were analyzed to determine operative mortality and risk
      factors. Twenty-eight patients had mitral stenosis (MS), 37 had mitral
      regurgitation (MR), 37 had mixed MS and MR, 23 had MR with coronary artery
      disease (CAD), and 5 had MS with CAD. Preoperative pulmonary artery pressure,
      pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and cardiac index were not different among
      groups, but patients with MR and CAD had a significantly higher left ventricular
      end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and a significantly lower ejection fraction than
      other groups. Mortality was 7.1% for patients with MS, 5.4% for MR, 8.1% for
      mixed MS and MR, 0 for MS with CAD, and 21.7% for MR and CAD. Overall mortality
      was 9.2%. Eleven patients had emergency operations for cardiogenic shock with a
      mortality of 45%. Nineteen additional patients in New York Heart Association
      (NYHA) Functional Class IV had MVR or MVR plus CABG with a mortality of 26%.
      Sixteen patients required intraaortic balloon pump assistance, and 9 survived.
      Four patients with MR and CAD required the left ventricular assist device, and 3
      survived. Excluding patients who had emergency operations, overall mortality was
      5.8%. Excluding patients who had emergency operations and patients in NYHA
      Functional Class IV, overall mortality was 2%. Factors associated with death were
      cardiogenic shock, NYHA Class IV, LVEDP greater than 15 mm Hg (16% mortality),
      and age greater than 60 years (15% mortality).

PMID- 3872644
TI  - Vitamin D status in urinary calcium stone formation.
AB  - Serum vitamin D metabolites were measured in 160 normocalcemic urinary calcium
      stone formers and in 217 control subjects. No difference in concentrations of 25
      hydroxy-vitamin D (25[OH]D), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25[OH]2D), and 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D) was found between stone formers and control
      subjects. Values for 25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)2D were higher in hypercalciuric stone
      formers than in normocalciuric stone formers independent of seasonal fluctuation.
      No difference in concentration of serum 1,25(OH)2D was found between
      hypercalciuric and normocalciuric stone formers. No correlations were present
      between the serum concentrations of the measured vitamin D metabolites and of
      measures of calcium and phosphate metabolism. These findings suggest no major
      pathophysiologic role of the main vitamin D metabolites in urinary calcium stone
      formation.

PMID- 3872646
TI  - Hemophilus influenzae in urine.

PMID- 3872645
TI  - Malignant histiocytosis resistant to anthracycline. Response to intensive
      treatment with etoposide and amsacrine.
AB  - A 36-year-old woman, presenting with fever, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and
      striking effacement of the bone marrow by true malignant histiocytes, was found
      to have no benefit from the systemic administration of cyclophosphamide,
      vincristine sulfate, doxorubicin, prednisone, and high-dose methotrexate with
      calcium leucovorin rescue. Striking histologic and clinical improvement was noted
      after the administration of two cycles of etoposide and amsacrine, each cycle
      consisting of 100 mg/sq m/day of each agent for five days. We believe that this
      therapy should be considered for future patients demonstrating aggressive
      presentations of malignant histiocytosis.

PMID- 3872647
TI  - [Value of plasma exchange in neurologic complications of acute disseminated lupus
      erythematosus in children].
AB  - The case reported concerns a child presenting with systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE) with acute neurological symptoms who improved after plasma exchanges. The
      value of plasma exchange in patients with SLE remains unclear. It seems to be
      useful for acute and severe neurological impairments in patients already
      receiving high dose corticosteroid therapy.

PMID- 3872648
TI  - [Abnormal distribution of T lymphocytes in primary intestinal lymphangiectasia].

PMID- 3872649
TI  - Cerebral metabolic rates for glucose in mood disorders. Studies with positron
      emission tomography and fluorodeoxyglucose F 18.
AB  - Cerebral metabolic rates for glucose were examined in patients with unipolar
      depression (N = 11), bipolar depression (N = 5), mania (N = 5), bipolar mixed
      states (N = 3), and in normal controls (N = 9) using positron emission tomography
      and fluorodeoxyglucose F 18. All subjects were studied supine under ambient room
      conditions with eyes open. Bipolar depressed and mixed patients had
      supratentorial whole brain glucose metabolic rates that were significantly lower
      than those of the other comparison groups. The whole brain metabolic rates for
      patients with bipolar depression increased going from depression or a mixed state
      to a euthymic or manic state. Patients with unipolar depression showed a
      significantly lower ratio of the metabolic rate of the caudate nucleus, divided
      by that of the hemisphere as a whole, when compared with normal controls and
      patients with bipolar depression.

PMID- 3872650
TI  - Brain metabolism in autism. Resting cerebral glucose utilization rates as
      measured with positron emission tomography.
AB  - The cerebral metabolic rate for glucose was studied in ten men (mean age = 26
      years) with well-documented histories of infantile autism and in 15 age-matched
      normal male controls using positron emission tomography and (F-18) 2-fluoro-2
      deoxy-D-glucose. Positron emission tomography was completed during rest, with
      reduced visual and auditory stimulation. While the autistic group as a whole
      showed significantly elevated glucose utilization in widespread regions of the
      brain, there was considerable overlap between the two groups. No brain region
      showed a reduced metabolic rate in the autistic group. Significantly more
      autistic, as compared with control, subjects showed extreme relative metabolic
      rates (ratios of regional metabolic rates to whole brain rates and asymmetries)
      in one or more brain regions.

PMID- 3872651
TI  - Adoptive transfer of immunity against solid fibrosarcoma in mice with splenocytes
      and peritoneal exudate cells obtained after in vitro sensitization and in vivo
      immunization with cis-dichlorodiamine platinum(II) treated fibrosarcoma cells.
AB  - Co-cultivation of splenocytes with cis-dichlorodiamine platinum (II) treated
      tumor cells generate cytotoxic splenocytes, which when injected into normal mice,
      render them resistant to tumor challenge. Significant increases in mean survival
      time and 33% of tumor free survivals were observed in mice exposed to a tumor
      challenge on the 10th day after injection of sensitized splenocytes. Splenocytes
      peritoneal exudate cells obtained after in vivo immunization of mice with cis
      dichlorodiamine platinum(II) treated cells retarded tumor growth in vivo when
      injected in different combinations in tumor bearing mice. Maximum survival time
      of tumor bearing mice and 20% tumor free survivals were observed when the animals
      were injected with a combination of immune splenocytes and normal peritoneal
      exudate cells. The increase in the number of macrophages of immunotherapeutically
      treated mice suggests that host macrophages have been activated. Splenocytes and
      macrophages obtained from immunotherapeutically treated mice showed an increase
      in cytotoxicity against tumor cells in vitro.

PMID- 3872652
TI  - Granulomatous pneumocystosis presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule.
AB  - A case of pneumocytosis presented radiologically as a solitary pulmonary nodule.
      Of cases presenting in this unusual fashion, this may be the first in which the
      histology was that of a fibrous and granulomatous nodule. The only pathogen
      identified was Pneumocystis carinii. The expected histologic pattern in
      pneumocystosis (interstitial pneumonitis with foamy alveolar exudate) was
      completely absent. Outside the major pulmonary nodule, scattered microscopic
      noncaseating granulomas of sarcoid type were observed. Treatment in this case
      consisted only of segmental pulmonary resection, but no recurrence of
      pneumocytosis was observed.

PMID- 3872653
TI  - Localization of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Experience with red blood
      cells labeled in vitro with technetium Tc 99m.
AB  - Seventy-six patients clinically suspected of having lower gastrointestinal
      bleeding were studied by scintigraphy utilizing red blood cells labeled in vitro
      with technetium Tc 99m. Sixteen patients required emergency surgery; bleeding was
      accurately localized in 15 (94%). One patient (6%) had a normal scan. A 20-month
      mean follow-up of the 16 patients showed no recurrent bleeding. Of 60 patients
      not requiring emergency surgery, bleeding was localized in 11, but the bleeding
      ceased. Forty-nine of the 60 patients had normal scans and had no further
      hemorrhaging during hospitalization. A 21-month mean follow-up of 38 of the 49
      patients showed no further bleeding episodes or surgical procedures in 29
      patients; however, eight patients required surgical procedures, including seven
      for gastrointestinal malignancies. Scanning of red blood cells labeled in vitro
      with 99mTc is accurate and efficacious in localization of bleeding sites that
      require emergency surgery for lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

PMID- 3872654
TI  - Pursuit is impaired but the vestibulo-ocular reflex is normal in infantile
      strabismus.
AB  - To determine if infantile (congenital) strabismus is associated with a defect of
      ocular pursuit or vestibulo-ocular reflexes, eye movements were recorded in 14
      subjects. Subjects with infantile strabismus had an impairment of temporally
      directed pursuit when monocularly viewing a moving target. They were unable to
      normally enhance or cancel the vestibulo-ocular reflex using visual tracking.
      Vestibulo-ocular reflexes were normal during rotation at 0.3 Hz in the dark. The
      pursuit defect was not found in subjects with noninfantile strabismus. We suggest
      that patients with infantile strabismus have a defect of cerebral pursuit
      control.

PMID- 3872655
TI  - Endolymphatic hydrops in guinea pigs after cauterizing the sac with silver
      nitrate.
AB  - There have been several reports of perisaccular fibrosis of the endolymphatic sac
      in some autopsied cases of Meniere's disease. We attempted to initiate
      perisaccular fibrosis of the sac in guinea pigs by injecting a small amount of
      10% silver nitrate solution that cauterizes the tissue readily to produce scar,
      ie, fibrosis. Ninety-nine guinea pigs out of 108 (92%) that were treated with
      silver nitrate showed the endolymphatic hydrops in varied extent, from slight to
      profound. The extent of hydrops might depend on the extent of destruction of the
      sac following the cauterization. The lumen of the sac was sometimes occupied with
      dense fibrous connective tissue with deposition of black-silver particles in it.
      The silver nitrate injection method is an easy way to produce endolymphatic
      hydrops in guinea pigs.

PMID- 3872656
TI  - Collagen stimulates [3H]inositol trisphosphate formation in indomethacin-treated
      human platelets.
AB  - The present study investigates the pathway of metabolism of inositol
      phospholipids in human platelets exposed to collagen. Platelet activation by
      collagen was preceded by a lag phase usually lasting 10-20 s. Formation of
      [3H]inositol trisphosphate (IP3) was not observed during this period, but
      occurred in parallel with the onset of aggregation, release of ATP and
      phosphorylation of a 20 000 Da and a 40 000 Da protein. Indomethacin treatment
      partially inhibited all of these responses. Aggregation and ATP release, but not
      IP3 formation, were further inhibited in indomethacin-treated platelets loaded
      with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, quin2. Under these conditions there was no
      detectable mobilization of Ca2+. These results demonstrate that activation of
      platelets by collagen is associated with rapid hydrolysis of
      polyphosphoinositides by phospholipase C, thereby producing IP3. This observation
      is discussed in relation to IP3 as a possible Ca2+-mobilizing agent.

PMID- 3872657
TI  - Inhibitor of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase induced in human T lymphoblastoid
      cell line treated with deoxyadenosine, deoxycoformycin and interferon.
AB  - The effect of deoxyadenosine (dAdo) with deoxycoformycin on the induction of
      2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase by interferon was investigated. After semi
      purification through poly(I):poly(C) gel, the activity was similar in control and
      dAdo-treated cells. However, the activity in the crude extract decreased with
      rising concentrations of dAdo. On the other hand, the level of 2'
      phosphodiesterase, which is also induced by interferon and degrades 2',5'
      oligoadenylate, showed no significant change after dAdo treatment. Thus, the
      crude extract was speculated to contain an inhibitor of 2',5'-oligoadenylate
      synthetase. Further characterization of the inhibitor revealed that inhibition
      was not due to dATP accumulation in cells.

PMID- 3872658
TI  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 suppress in vitro antibody
      response to T cell-dependent antigen.
AB  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 suppressed an antibody
      response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC, T cell-dependent antigen) by murine
      splenocytes, in concentrations ranging from 10(-10)-10(-7)M. These suppressive
      effects were markedly abrogated when T cell-depleted lymphocytes were cultured in
      the presence of a supernatant of concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cells. On the
      contrary, neither of them suppressed antibody response to trinitrophenyl
      lipopolysaccharide (T cell-independent antigen). These results suggest that the
      suppressive effect of active vitamin D3 on anti-SRBC response was mediated by the
      inhibition of T cells.

PMID- 3872659
TI  - Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate-cyclohydrolase
      formyltetrahy dro folate synthetase. Affinity labelling of the dehydrogenase
      cyclohydrolase active site.
AB  - Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase and methenyltetrahydrofolate
      cyclohydrolase are inactivated in parallel by carbodiimide-activated folic acid
      in an NADP-dependent reaction. Modification with tritium-labelled reagent
      resulted in the incorporation of 1 mole 3H-folate per mole polypeptide, which
      demonstrates that these activities share a single folate binding site.

PMID- 3872660
TI  - Proteolytic cleavages in alpha 1-antitrypsin and microheterogeneity.
AB  - Antitrypsin was resolved into two pools by ion-exchange chromatography. Pool 2
      contained three anodal isoinhibitors and an N-terminal sequence identical with
      the one found by others. Pool 1 contained, in addition to the anodal ones two
      cathodal isoinhibitors as well. The sequencing data of Pool 1 indicate that the
      cathodal proteins are formed from the anodals by a cleavage of the Gly5-Asp6 bond
      in the molecule.

PMID- 3872661
TI  - Comparison of the biological properties of purified natural and recombinant human
      interleukin-2.
AB  - We compared the biological properties of the purified recombinant human IL-2
      derived from E. coli with those of purified natural IL-2. Both had almost the
      same specific in vitro activities on a weight basis to support long-term
      proliferation of IL-2 dependent human peripheral blood lymphocytes, a mouse
      killer T cell line, and a mouse natural killer cell line; induce killer cells in
      normal mouse spleen cells; and induce antibody forming cells in nude mouse spleen
      cells. No differences in these biological activities were found between two forms
      of natural IL-2 that were separable by reverse phase high performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 3872662
TI  - Intracellular metabolism and enzymatic phosphorylation of 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2
      propoxymethyl)guanine and acyclovir in herpes simplex virus-infected and
      uninfected cells.
AB  - The antiherpes agent 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (DHPG) is a much
      more potent inhibitor of herpes simplex viruses in vivo than acyclovir, yet both
      are equally active in vitro against these viruses. To explain this difference,
      studies were conducted to compare the intracellular metabolism and enzymatic
      phosphorylation of the two compounds. In herpes type 1 and type 2 infected cells,
      the levels of DHPG triphosphate were only about 2-fold greater than levels of
      acyclovir triphosphate at virus-inhibitory concentrations (less than or equal to
      microM). At concentrations greater than 2.5 microM in herpes type 1 but not in
      type 2 infected cells, acyclovir phosphorylation was inhibited relative to that
      of DHPG. When drug was removed after 6 hr from infected cells, acyclovir
      triphosphate rapidly degraded to acyclovir and was excreted into the culture
      medium. In contrast, DHPG triphosphate persisted at 60-70% of the original level
      for 18 hr after drug removal, and DHPG excretion from cells was very slow. This
      finding could be a key factor to the superior potency of DHPG in animals, despite
      the fact that blood levels of both compounds fall rapidly after dosing. In
      uninfected cells, low levels of DHPG and acyclovir triphosphates were produced at
      100 microM concentrations. Phosphorylation of DHPG to mono-, di- and
      triphosphates by purified viral and cell enzymes was more rapid than that of
      acyclovir. However, acyclovir triphosphate was a much more potent inhibitor of
      herpes virus and cell DNA polymerases.

PMID- 3872663
TI  - [Changes in the ultrastructure of subcomponent C1q of human complement during
      spontaneous inactivation in diluted solutions].
AB  - Dilution of human serum or solutions of highly purified subcomponent C1q of human
      complement results in the drop of C1q activity. Electron microscopy of highly
      purified subcomponent C1q revealed that a certain part of molecules has a changed
      ultrastructure and C1q subunits are dissociated. As the preparations for electron
      microscopy have been obtained from dilute solutions, the changes in the
      ultrastructure and C1q inactivation should be interrelated phenomena. The
      conformational liability of the C1q structure is supposed to have a functional
      role.

PMID- 3872664
TI  - Evaluation of factors associated with glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia in
      patients with rheumatic diseases.
AB  - In 161 ambulatory rheumatic disease patients receiving long-term prednisone
      therapy, diaphyseal mass (DM) and metaphyseal mass (MM) of the forearm were
      measured by single photon absorptiometry, and bone radiographs were reviewed when
      available. Multivariate analysis of treatment and patient characteristics
      demonstrated that glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia (defined as an elevated DM:MM
      ratio) and bone fractures occurred with similar frequency in patients of each
      sex, in whites and blacks, in patients with various rheumatic diseases, and in
      patients receiving different regimens of prednisone therapy. However, large
      cumulative doses of prednisone were associated with elevated DM:MM ratios as well
      as with bone fractures, and menopause or age greater than or equal to 50 years
      (males or females) was associated with bone fractures. We conclude that long-term
      therapy with various prednisone regimens results in glucocorticoid-induced
      osteopenia and fractures. This affect is cumulative, occurs in all patient
      groups, and results in more bone fractures in certain groups.

PMID- 3872666
TI  - Children with rheumatic diseases and the effects of steroid pulses on T cells.

PMID- 3872665
TI  - Concurrent systemic lupus erythematosus and common variable
      hypogammaglobulinemia.

PMID- 3872667
TI  - In vitro T lymphocyte proliferative response to Yersinia enterocolitica in
      Reiter's syndrome.

PMID- 3872668
TI  - Scientific abstracts: 49th annual meeting, American Rheumatism Association; 20th
      annual meeting, Arthritis Health Professions Association. June 4-8, 1985,
      Anaheim, California.

PMID- 3872669
TI  - Beta-lactamases from Bacteroides fragilis active against oximino-cephalosporins.
AB  - Four clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis were resistant to penicillins and
      cephalosporins with exception to 7-alpha-methoxy cephalosporins such as latamoxef
      (moxalactam) and cefoxitin. In contrast the 6-alpha-methoxy penicillin temocillin
      was not active. The beta-lactam resistance correlates with the presence of two
      beta-lactamases with an isoelectric point (IEP) = 4.9 and 5.4, respectively. The
      necessity of antimicrobial susceptibility testing before the therapy of
      infections with anaerobic bacteria is discussed.

PMID- 3872670
TI  - Surgery for anomalous origin of the right coronary artery.
AB  - In a young man presenting with an episode of syncope and ventricular tachycardia
      but with no chest pain the right coronary artery was found to originate from the
      left aortic sinus of Valsalva. After a coronary artery bypass graft he was able
      to return to full activity.

PMID- 3872671
TI  - Is the clinical trial evidence about new drugs statistically adequate?
AB  - The statistical adequacy of all papers published in the period 1976-80 describing
      clinical trials of five non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and two analgesic drugs
      introduced into the UK market in 1978 and 1979 has been assessed using a
      checklist of simple criteria. Most trials were reported to be randomised and
      double-blind. Trial designs were less satisfactory in other important respects;
      the sample size of most trials was inadequate to demonstrate superiority of the
      new drug compared with an active control therapy. The period of treatment
      assessment was short in view of the likelihood of prolonged prescription of drugs
      in these classes. It is suggested that licensing authorities should demand higher
      standards of clinical trial evidence offered in support of new drugs.

PMID- 3872672
TI  - Drug metabolising activity of freshly isolated human hepatocytes.
AB  - Hepatocytes have been isolated from samples of adult human liver by removal of
      extracellular calcium followed by perfusion with collagenase. The hepatocytes
      were isolated with a yield of up to 39 X 10(6) cells/g and with a viability of up
      to 74%. The cells were active in the oxidation of aldrin and 7-ethoxycoumarin.
      They also catalysed the conjugation of 7-hydroxycoumarin. Monooxygenase activity
      of the hepatocytes was linear for at least 60 min. Maintenance of the hepatocytes
      in suspension at 4 degrees C for 19 h resulted in a 15% loss in viability. This
      was accompanied by a 50% decrease in monooxygenase activity expressed per viable
      cell. It is concluded that human hepatocytes can be isolated in sufficient yield
      and with satisfactory viability for use in a range of studies on drug metabolism
      and toxicity.

PMID- 3872673
TI  - Kartagener's syndrome.

PMID- 3872674
TI  - The value of mobilisation and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesia in the
      management of inversion injuries of the ankle.

PMID- 3872675
TI  - Lobar pneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B.
AB  - Haemophilus influenzae type b is a rare cause of adult lobar pneumonia and we are
      unaware of any reported British cases. However in the United States this
      condition is well described and the incidence is increasing (Levin et al. 1977).

PMID- 3872676
TI  - A secondary immune deficiency in the Fatty/Orl-op rat.
AB  - The response of T and B lymphocytes to the mitogens PHA and LPS was studied in
      the Fatty/Orl-op rat. Whereas T and B cells from op/op spleen showed no lack of
      responsiveness compared with that of normal (op/+) littermate rats, the response
      of thymic cells to the T cell mitogen was lower in op/op rats over 12 days of age
      compared with normal rats of the same age. Osteopetrotic rats of 10 days and
      younger did not show this T cell deficiency. The responsiveness of T cells from
      op/op lymph nodes to PHA was less than that of normal rats at 12 days and older.
      Thus, though splenic T and B cell populations were well maintained in the adult
      op/op rat despite the severe depletion of marrow cells in this mutant, the thymus
      and lymph node T cell populations were qualitatively or quantitatively deficient.
      Since osteopetrotic obliteration of the marrow cavities precedes the appearance
      of the immune deficiency we suggest that the immune deficiency may be caused by a
      failure of T cell supply to the thymus and lymph nodes.

PMID- 3872677
TI  - In vitro tests in severe aplastic anaemia (SAA): a prospective study in 46
      patients treated with immunosuppression.
AB  - Forty-six patients with severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) were studied for CFU-c
      growth on admission and 1 month post-treatment with immunosuppression (IS).
      Twenty-three patients became transfusion independent after IS, and were
      considered responders, and 23 did not. CFU-c growth from unfractionated bone
      marrow cells was comparable in both groups on admission and 1 month post
      treatment. CFU-c growth from E rosette depleted BM cells (E-BM) was also
      comparable on admission. However, 1 month post-treatment, responders showed a
      significantly higher CFU-c growth (P = 0.02) from E-BM cells compared to non
      responders. At the same time 7/8 responders studied showed T cell mediated
      suppression of autologous CFU-c growth. T cell depletion experiments do not give
      predictive information on the outcome of IS therapy on admission. They may,
      however, be helpful to identify responders early post-treatment.

PMID- 3872678
TI  - Lymphoid crisis with T-cell phenotypes in a patient with Philadelphia chromosome
      negative chronic myeloid leukaemia.
AB  - A case of Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome negative chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)
      developed lymphoid crisis. Immunological marker studies disclosed that the
      lymphoid cells were sheep erythrocyte-rosetting-, Leu-1+, Leu-5+, OKT-4+, OKT-8+,
      common ALL antigen-, HLA-DR-, cytoplasmic and surface immunoglobulin-, MAS
      036C(antithymocyte)+ (after in vitro culture) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl
      transferase-, indicating T-cell phenotypes, probably of common thymocytes.
      Cytochemical staining also demonstrated immature T-cell characters: dot
      positivity for acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase, and negative for acid
      alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase. All bone marrow metaphases exhibited normal
      karyotypes. Our observation suggests that the neoplastic features of a common
      stem cell for myeloid and lymphoid cell lines are very similar in Ph1 positive
      and negative CMLs, and that the stem cell can differentiate towards T-lineage.

PMID- 3872679
TI  - Disproportionate lymphoid cell subsets in thalassaemia major: the relative
      contributions of transfusion and splenectomy.
AB  - The relative proportions of T-cell (OKT3-positive, OKT4-positive and OKT8
      positive) and B-cell (SIg-positive) populations in peripheral blood obtained from
      29 chronically transfused patients with beta-thalassaemia major were compared
      with those of 17 healthy controls. Changes attributable to blood transfusion
      and/or splenectomy are described. The percentage of OKT8-positive (T-suppressor)
      cells found in the thalassaemic patients increased linearly (P less than 0.001)
      with the number of units transfused, irrespective of splenectomy. The percentage
      of OKT4-positive (T-helper) cells varied inversely with increasing transfusion in
      nonsplenectomized patients while in those who were splenectomized no significant
      correlation was apparent. Thus, in both groups of patients the T4/T8 ratio
      declined in a transfusion-related manner. The splenectomized patients experienced
      a marked and persistent lymphocytosis due to an increase in the number of both T-
      and B-cells. When the results were expressed as percentages, the greatest
      increase occurred in the number of B-cells, this increase being unrelated to the
      number of transfusions received. None of the serum parameters usually associated
      with iron overload or abnormal liver function correlated with the observed
      increases in T-suppressor and SIg-positive cells. These findings corroborate
      reports that transfusion of blood products may lead to decreased T4/T8 ratios.
      However, none of the patients studied manifested clinical signs of acquired
      immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Accordingly, studies which define transfusion
      related AIDS on the basis of analyses with monoclonal antibodies must be viewed
      with caution.

PMID- 3872680
TI  - Neurobehavioural effects of repeated occupational exposure to toluene and paint
      solvents.
AB  - In studies of two workforces 44 men exposed to paint solvents and 52 men working
      with toluene were compared with age matched comparison groups of non-exposed
      workers. Scores on a series of performance tests were examined, the solvent
      exposed in each study functioning less well than their comparison group. The
      apparent deficit among the paint exposed workers was substantial, but this was
      reduced after allowance for estimated intellectual capacity. No deficit was
      apparent on rematching with a second comparison group of more appropriate
      measured capacity. No evidence was found of impaired nerve conduction in the
      ulnar or median nerves, and few clinical signs of neurological damage were
      apparent. Nevertheless, in an associated inquiry of neuropsychological symptoms
      among 236 painters and 128 non-exposed workers a highly significant excess of
      symptoms was found among those exposed to paint solvents.

PMID- 3872681
TI  - Complete amino acid sequence of an alpha-amylase inhibitor in wheat kernel (0.19
      inhibitor).
AB  - Amino acid composition of the 0.19-inhibitor from wheat kernel is very similar to
      that of the 0.53-inhibitor, but a marked difference in inhibitory activity
      towards human salivary and pancreatic alpha-amylases was detected between the two
      inhibitors. Elucidation of the primary structure of the 0.19-inhibitor and
      structural comparison with the 0.53-inhibitor is essential to understand not only
      the mechanism of the selective inhibitory behaviors but also evolutional
      relationship of these inhibitors. The complete amino acid sequence of the 0.19
      inhibitor was determined after cleaving the protein with cyanogen bromide and
      trypsin. As in the case for the 0.53-inhibitor, the 0.19-inhibitor is composed of
      two identical subunits with 124 amino acid residues. Comparison of the sequence
      of the 0.53- and 0.19-inhibitor shows very high sequence homology with amino acid
      substitutions at seven positions.

PMID- 3872682
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against an alpha-amylase inhibitor from wheat kernel.
AB  - An alpha-amylase inhibitor (called the 0.53-inhibitor, Maeda, K., Takamori, Y.
      and Oka, O. (1982) Agric. Biol. Chem. 41, 2873-2875) and the carboxymethylated
      inhibitor were used to immunize mice (strain BALB/c) according to a procedure
      described earlier (McMaster, W.R. and Williams, A.F., (1979) Eur. J. Immunol. 9,
      426-433). After fusion of spleen cells with NS-1 myeloma cells, three stable
      clones producing antibodies against the inhibitor were obtained. The binding
      characteristics of the monoclonal antibodies, AWAI-1, AWAI-2 and AWAI-3, to the
      inhibitor were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. Two of these monoclonal antibodies
      to the alpha-amylase inhibitor did not show any binding affinity towards
      carboxymethylated inhibitor, suggesting that the main antigenic determinant on
      the native inhibitor is tertiary-structure dependent. The monoclonal antibodies
      obtained cross-reacted with three other alpha-amylase inhibitors (the 0.19-, the
      0.36- and the 0.38-inhibitor) in wheat and these were separated together with the
      0.53-inhibitor from the rest of inhibitors by immunoaffinity chromatography. One
      stable clone producing antibody against the carboxymethylated inhibitor was also
      established, AWAI-4. The antigenic determinant to this antibody was found to be
      included in the region of Met(5)-Lys(25) on the carboxymethylated inhibitor.

PMID- 3872683
TI  - Heterogeneity of 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor.
AB  - Highly purified epidermal growth factor (EGF) was iodinated, and the labeled
      product with the same isoelectric point as underivatized EGF was isolated by
      isoelectric focusing. When the 125I-labeled EGF was analyzed by reverse-phase
      chromatography, the resulting profile of 125I activity was much broader than the
      profile obtained with underivatized EGF. Rechromatography of 125I-EGF fractions
      indicated that our highly-purified labelled EGF was indeed heterogeneous.
      Analysis of each HPLC column fraction demonstrated that degradation of EGF had
      not occurred. The column fractions containing 125I-EGF were pooled into five
      groups for analysis of cell binding characteristics. Scatchard plot analysis of
      the five 125I-EGF pools revealed markedly different binding behaviors. In
      contrast, they had equal potency in stimulating DNA synthesis, within the
      sensitivity of our assay. Specific activity measurements indicated that the five
      HPLC pools of 125I-EGF had varying numbers of 125I atoms per EGF molecule. The
      heterogeneity of the highly purified 125I-EGF and the binding characteristics of
      the 125I-EGF subfractions pose serious implications for all workers who use
      iodinated ligands for receptor binding studies.

PMID- 3872684
TI  - [Characteristics of adenosine activity on adenine nucleotide metabolism of rat
      thymocytes].
AB  - The effects of adenosine on adenine nucleotide metabolism in [14C]adenine-labeled
      rat thymocytes were studied. It was shown that adenosine increases the
      intracellular pool of adenine nucleotides, predominantly ATP, which is
      accompanied by marked acceleration of their catabolism and a release of labeled
      products (especially inosine, hypoxanthine and adenosine) from the thymocytes.
      The effect of adenosine depends on its concentration and manifests itself already
      at 10(-6) M. 2-Deoxycoformycin partly relieves the effect of adenosine on adenine
      nucleotide metabolism. Exogenous deoxyadenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine and
      adenine, unlike adenosine, do not significantly affect the adenine nucleotide
      catabolism and the label release from the cells. All the effectors under study
      strongly increase inosine transport from the thymocytes, and inhibit, with the
      exception of adenosine, the hypoxanthine release from the cells.

PMID- 3872685
TI  - [Reconstruction and study of a multi-enzyme system by 11 beta-hydroxylase
      steroids].
AB  - The reconstitution of the steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase system based on the
      homogeneous proteins isolated from bovine adrenocortical mitochondria, cytochrome
      P-450 (P-450 (11 beta), 19-20.5 nmol of heme P-450 per 1 mg of protein),
      adrenodoxin (Adx) and adrenodoxin reductase (AR) was carried out. The
      reconstitution of the multienzyme system requires the presence of a non-ionic
      detergent due to the high hydrophobicity of P-450 (11 beta). Low concentrations
      of Tween 20 (below 0.015% or 115 microM) stimulate the reaction of steroid 11
      beta-hydroxylation by improving the hemoprotein solubility. With a further
      increase in the detergent concentration, the reaction is inhibited due to the
      inactivation of the cytochrome and its impaired interaction with Adx. The
      electron transfer activity of adrenodoxin reductase and the dienzyme AR-Adx
      complex does not change within the Tween 20 concentration range of 0-0.4%. In
      solutions with the optimal concentration of Tween 20 (0.010-0.015%), the
      concentrations of AR and Adx providing for the half-maximum hydroxylation
      activity are 9 nM for AR and 280 nM for Adx. It was shown that in a reconstituted
      11 beta-hydroxylase system, 75% of the reducing equivalents are involved in the
      formation of oxygen radicals, whereas 25%--in hydroxylation. 74% of the radical
      species are, in their turn, formed in the active site of the hemoprotein, while
      26%--in the Fe2S2 center of adrenodoxin. The radical formation process
      predominates over the 11 beta-hydroxylation within a wide range of Adx/cytochrome
      ratios, i.e., 1.0-100. The hydroxylation substrate induces a 4-fold increase in
      the electron transfer rate by stimulating the enzymatic reduction of P-450 (11
      beta), but only 35% of the additional reduced equivalents are consumed by the 11
      beta-hydroxylation and 65%--by the oxygen radical formation.

PMID- 3872686
TI  - [Effect of radioprotectors on the decarboxylase activity of mast cells].
AB  - It has been shown that the process of amines new formation in mast cells after
      the treatment with radioprotectors is less intensive than in other tissues able
      to synthesize amines. It is proposed that the effect of the mast cells in
      organism's formation of higher radioresistance is brought to mobilization of the
      accumulated biogenic amines with their further redistribution in other organs and
      tissues including radiosensitive ones.

PMID- 3872687
TI  - A photogrammetric method to measure fluid movement across isolated frog retinal
      pigment epithelium.
AB  - Bullfrog retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid explants were mounted in an
      Ussing chamber modified so that the side bathing the choroid was completely
      sealed. Net fluid movement across the RPE and into or out of the sealed side of
      the chamber forced the tissue to assume a convex or concave shape. Photogrammetry
      was used to measure this tissue bowing by analyzing the displacement of the image
      produced on the RPE surface by an off-axis laser. Under baseline conditions,
      measured net fluid movements were always in the retina-to-choroid direction with
      a mean of 7.6 microliter cm-2 h-1. Potential artifacts from a variety of sources
      have been examined and shown to be insignificant.

PMID- 3872688
TI  - The effect of food and antacid on the absorption of fendosal.
AB  - Fendosal (200 mg) was given orally to each of two separate groups of twelve
      healthy male volunteers on separate occasions to assess the influence of food or
      antacid on the bioavailability of fendosal. Blood samples (20 ml) were drawn
      during 12 hours post-dosing and fendosal plasma concentrations were quantitated
      by a validated fluorescence technique. Food was shown to have no significant
      effect (p greater than 0.05) on fendosal bioavailability. However, the
      bioavailability of fendosal in the presence of an antacid was reduced by 80 per
      cent. In vitro studies suggested that a complexation between unionized fendosal
      and the metal ions contained in the antacid may be responsible for the decrease
      in the rate and extent of absorption observed in vivo.

PMID- 3872689
TI  - Hairy cell leukemia: a B-lymphocytic disorder derived from splenic marginal zone
      lymphocytes?
AB  - Although there is increasing evidence that the majority of cases of hairy cell
      leukemia represent B-lymphoproliferative disorders, the exact subset of B-cells
      from which hairy cells are derived, is still unclear. On the basis of results
      obtained in previous studies, and data collected from the literature, it is
      suggested that B-lymphocytes normally residing in the marginal zone of the
      splenic white pulp (so called 'marginal zone lymphocytes') represent the cell
      type from which B-lineage derived hairy cells originate.

PMID- 3872691
TI  - [Circulating immune complexes in breast cancer].
AB  - The occurrence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) was investigated in serum
      samples from 139 patients with breast cancer, using the 125I-C1q binding test. In
      the 85 cases of regional forms, the level of Clq binding activity did not appear
      to be correlated with the clinical TN stage, nor with the local treatment of the
      tumor. Conversely it was clearly elevated in the 13 cases of inflammatory breast
      tumors, and the decrease of CIC at the post-chemotherapy, but pre-surgical stage
      may involve the inflammatory signs in this augmentation of CIC. Frequency of
      occurrence and levels of CIC were slightly increased in the 41 metastatic breast
      cancer patients when compared to the cases of local breast carcinoma. In the
      disseminated forms, increase, no change, or decrease of CIC levels showed a poor
      correlation to progression, stabilisation, or improvement of the disease. CIC
      seems to be of slight prognostic value in breast cancer with local forms, but
      regarding progression of the disease, metastatic breast cancer patients with
      elevated CIC did not prove to be unfavorable group. So far, CIC did not appear to
      be a tumor marker or an evident prognostic factor of clinical relevance in breast
      cancer. Assays for antigen-specific CIC might be of greater clinical
      significance, in breast cancer, than the antigen non specific assays available at
      present.

PMID- 3872690
TI  - Effective treatment of lymphomas of Burkitt's type and B-ALL in adults.
AB  - Malignant lymphomas, Burkitt's type, and B-ALL are rarely encountered in adult
      patients. Rapid initial responses are usually followed by early relapse and
      death. In a pilot study four adult patients, two presenting with B-ALL, were
      successfully treated with an aggressive protocol developed by the BFM study group
      for childhood lymphomas of B-type. Rapid clearance of tumor masses was achieved
      in all patients; no relapse occurred during an observation period ranging from 19
      33 months of complete remission.

PMID- 3872692
TI  - [Cancer and suicide].
AB  - The risk of suicide seems to be higher among cancer patients than in the general
      public. The four large studies available on this subject concern either the
      prevalence of cancer among death by suicide or the rate of death by suicide among
      cancer patients collected by a population cancer registry compared to the rate of
      suicide in the general population. In these studies an increased risk of suicide
      has been noted especially among men over 60 with advanced tumors and in whom the
      diagnosis of cancer has been made recently.

PMID- 3872693
TI  - Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in man during wakefulness, sleep, and
      dreaming.
AB  - Regional cerebral glucose metabolism was measured by positron emission tomography
      in 4 healthy male volunteers, both during wakefulness and sleep, using the 2
      deoxy-D-[2-18F]glucose method. While 3 of the subjects did not report dreaming
      and, during sleep stages I-IV of variable duration, exhibited a non-selective
      decrease in metabolic rates averaging 12.6 +/- 4.73% (mean +/- S.D.) for the
      entire brain, the fourth volunteer who experienced an extended nightmare during
      his sleep examination showed a generalized increase in cerebral glucose
      utilization ranging from 2.1% in lentiform nucleus to 30.0% in the superior
      frontal cortex, with a weighted whole brain average of 16.4%. These findings
      suggest that energy metabolism in the human brain is generally depressed during
      slow-wave sleep as opposed to a--possibly differential--activation during
      dreaming.

PMID- 3872694
TI  - Occurrence of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the chicken amacrine cells.
AB  - The distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity
      (CGRPI) in the chicken retina was investigated by means of immunohistochemistry.
      CGRPI was localized in the stratified amacrine cells. The terminal branching
      pattern of these cells was different between the central and peripheral retinal
      regions. Flat-mount preparations revealed these CGRPI cells to be evenly
      distributed in the entire retina with surprisingly rich arborization.

PMID- 3872695
TI  - Serotonin depolarizes type A and C primary afferents: an intracellular study in
      bullfrog dorsal root ganglion.
AB  - Intracellular recordings were obtained from the somata of type A and C primary
      afferents in the isolated bullfrog dorsal root ganglion (DRG) preparation. Bath
      application of serotonin (5-HT) in concentrations of 0.25-1.0 mM led to slow and
      fast depolarizing responses. Slow, maintained 5-HT depolarizations were observed
      in 47% of type A and 70% of type C neurons. These slow depolarizations were
      associated with an underlying increase in input resistance (Rin). In some type A
      neurons, the Rin increase was masked by a decrease in Rin due to depolarization
      induced rectification. The slow 5-HT depolarization of type A, but not type C
      neurons showed pronounced tachyphylaxis to repeated 5-HT applications. In type C
      afferents, serotonin's slow action was often accompanied by spontaneous firing.
      Manganese decreased slow 5-HT depolarizations of both cell types. A slow
      depolarization and excitation of type C afferents by methysergide and cinanserin
      was also observed. Fast transient 5-HT depolarizations accompanied by a rapid
      decrease in Rin were observed in 7% of type A and 24% of type C neurons. In some
      DRG cells the fast and slow depolarizations combined to form a biphasic response.
      The actions of 5-HT reported here resemble in some ways 5-HT responses recorded
      extracellularly from the spinal terminations of primary afferents.

PMID- 3872696
TI  - Corticotropin-releasing factor: a physiologic regulator of adrenal epinephrine
      secretion.
AB  - Pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion following stress is
      mediated primarily by the release of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) from
      the brain. We have hypothesized that stress-induced alterations of autonomic
      nervous system activity also may be dependent on CRF release within the brain
      because administration of CRF into the brain produces changes in autonomic
      nervous system function that are similar to those observed following exposure to
      various types of stress. We now report confirmation of this hypothesis with
      studies using a CRF receptor antagonist. The CRF receptor antagonist, alpha
      helical CRF9-41, placed into the brains of rats suppressed stress-induced
      elevations of plasma epinephrine levels. Thus, CRF appears to be physiologically
      involved in coordinating the pituitary and autonomic nervous system responses to
      stress.

PMID- 3872697
TI  - Immunohistochemical evidence for the coexistence of calcitonin gene-related
      peptide- and choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactivity in neurons of the
      rat hypoglossal, facial and ambiguus nuclei.
AB  - The present immunocytochemical study demonstrates that calcitonin gene-related
      peptide-like immunoreactivity (CGRPI) coexists with acetylcholine in single cells
      of hypoglossal, facial and ambiguus nuclei. The experiments were done using
      alternate frozen sections from relevant regions of the rat brain. We further show
      that CGRPI is localized in the nerve terminals that form neuromuscular junctions
      in the tongue muscles.

PMID- 3872698
TI  - Characterization of sodium-dependent, high-affinity serotonin uptake in rat
      spinal cord synaptosomes.
AB  - Synaptosomal accumulation of [3H]serotonin was used to determine if the rat
      spinal cord possesses a high-affinity neuronal uptake system for serotonin. Two
      temperature-dependent accumulation processes were found, one sodium-dependent,
      the second sodium-independent. Sodium-dependent [3H]serotonin accumulation was
      linear with sodium concentrations up to 143 mM, was associated with the purified
      synaptosomal fraction (P2B), and decreased 76% by osmotic lysis, 88% by
      sonication, and 96% by 0.1% Triton X-100. Drug inhibition studies demonstrated
      fluoxetine to be the most potent inhibitor of this system (IC50 0.075 microM)
      while desipramine (IC50 0.43 microM) and nomifensine (IC50 0.95 microM) were less
      potent. Kinetic analysis revealed that sodium-dependent accumulation in purified
      synaptosomes was saturable at low [3H]serotonin concentrations (Ku = 50 nM, Vmax
      = 4 pmol/mg protein/min). Sodium-independent [3H]5-HT accumulation was
      substantially less sensitive to fluoxetine, desipramine and nomifensine. While
      sodium-independent accumulation was not significantly affected by osmotic lysis,
      it was markedly increased by prior sonication of tissue. Also, in contrast to
      sodium-dependent accumulation, sodium-independent accumulation was evenly
      distributed in all tissue fractions, and was not saturable at low [3H]serotonin
      concentrations. It is concluded that sodium-dependent [3H]serotonin accumulation
      reflects uptake into spinal serotonergic nerve terminals while sodium-independent
      accumulation probably reflects a temperature-sensitive binding to membrane
      fragments. Comparison to brain uptake of serotonin and the necessity for using 37
      degrees C sodium-free blanks rather than 0 degree C blanks in spinal cord
      homogenates is discussed.

PMID- 3872699
TI  - Localization in rat brain of binding sites for parkinsonian toxin MPTP:
      similarities with [3H]pargyline binding to monoamine oxidase.
AB  - A high-affinity binding site exists in rat brain for the parkinsonian toxin 1
      methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The pharmacological
      specificity of this binding site suggests that it may correspond to monoamine
      oxidase (MAO). We have used quantitative autoradiography to map in detail the
      anatomical distribution of the [3H]MPTP binding site in rat brain and compared it
      with the anatomical distribution of MAO as determined by in vitro autoradiography
      with [3H]pargyline. Under the conditions of the assay, [3H]pargyline labeled the
      type B form of MAO. There were strong similarities in the anatomical distribution
      of [3H]MPTP and [3H]pargyline, with high levels of both binding sites occurring
      in the arcuate nucleus, the locus coeruleus, the dorsal raphe nucleus and all
      circumventricular organs. Low levels of both binding sites were found in the
      substantia nigra and the caudate-putamen. These results provide additional
      evidence that the high-affinity binding site for MPTP is MAO. The parkinsonian
      actions of MPTP might result from metabolites produced by MAO.

PMID- 3872700
TI  - Optical recording of membrane potential responses from early embryonic chick
      ganglia using voltage-sensitive dyes.
AB  - Changes in absorbance of voltage-sensitive merocyanine-rhodanine dyes were used
      to monitor electrical responses in the semilunar ganglion of 4-10-day-old
      developing chick embryos. The electrical responses were simultaneously recorded
      from many positions in the ganglion. Stimulation of the afferent nerve fibers
      (the ophthalmic division of cranial nerve V) with a suction electrode led to
      changes in light absorption of the stained ganglia. With both the depolarizing
      and hyperpolarizing pulses, the change was largest at 700 nm and was eliminated
      at a wavelength of 620 nm where the voltage-dependent absorption change of the
      dyes disappears. In the 4-10-day-old embryonic ganglia, two types of optical
      membrane potential responses, 'non-conducted' and 'conducted' responses, were
      identified. The non-conducted response varied with the intensity of the stimulus
      and had the nature of an electrotonic spread. Furthermore, this non-conducted
      response exhibited an 'initial upstroke-response' followed by the steady-state
      plateau evoked by larger depolarizing pulses. The conducted responses were
      blocked by tetrodotoxin (TTX) or by high external potassium concentration. The
      incidence of the conducted responses increased as development proceeded from the
      5th to the 10th day of age. Thus, the TTX-sensitive action potential activity is
      probably generated initially in the semilunar ganglion during the 5-10-day-stage
      of development. These data represent the first demonstration of membrane
      potential responses in early embryonic intact nervous system. Furthermore, these
      studies demonstrate the usefulness of voltage-sensitive dyes in the analysis of
      the organizing process of embryonic neuronal functions during these early stages
      of development.

PMID- 3872701
TI  - Efferents from the supracommissural ventral telencephalon in the hime salmon
      (landlocked red salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka): an anterograde degeneration study.
AB  - Efferents from the area ventralis telencephali pars supracommissuralis (Vs) of
      hime salmon (landlocked red salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka) were studied using
      anterograde degeneration methods. It was found that Vs sends intratelencephalic
      fibers bilaterally to the internal cell layer of the olfactory bulb and wide
      areas of telencephalon, while it sends extratelencephalic fibers bilaterally to
      habenulae, inferior lobes and midbrain tegmenti through medial and lateral
      forebrain bundles and lateral preoptic area. A possibility was pointed out that
      some of these extratelencephalic projections are involved in the pathway
      controlling the sexual behavior which are suggested from behavioral experiments.

PMID- 3872702
TI  - Innervation of the posterior fossa dura of the cat.
AB  - This study was designed to identify the location of neurons giving rise to fibers
      innervating the posterior fossa dura in the cat using horseradish peroxidase
      (HRP, Sigma, Type VI). Investigations since the 19th century have implicated
      innervation by cranial nerves V, VII, IX, X and XII and the upper cervical
      nerves, C1-3. The meninges of the posterior fossa of 14 cats was exposed using
      one of three surgical approaches: (1) a suboccipital craniectomy and C1
      laminectomy, (2) a parieto-occipital craniectomy with removal of the occipital
      lobe and bony tentorium exposing the meninges over the cerebellum, or (3) an
      anterior approach through the upper neck, exposing the dura of the ventral
      surface of the caudal brainstem. A unilateral, curvilinear incision was made in
      the dura and HRP was applied to the exposed dural edges. Following 48 hours the
      animals were sacrificed and fixed by perfusion. Cranial nerve ganglia of V, VII,
      IX, X, dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of C1-3, and superior cervical ganglia (SCG)
      were removed bilaterally, sectioned and processed with tetramethylbenzidine
      (TMB). HRP labeled cells were located bilaterally, always more ipsilaterally, in
      DRG of C1, C2, C3, and SCG with application of HRP to all three regions of the
      dura. Labeled cells were also located in trigeminal ganglia and superior ganglia
      of CN X, occasionally bilaterally, depending on the site of application. No HRP
      was ever identified in neurons of the geniculate ganglion, inferior ganglion of
      CN X or superior or inferior ganglia of CN IX. This information is valuable to an
      understanding of the innervation of intracranial structures and the problems of
      head pain.

PMID- 3872703
TI  - [Testing for calcium binding sites on the surface membranes of muscle fibers
      using calcium electrogenesis].

PMID- 3872704
TI  - Effects of intubation on coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygenation.
AB  - Effects on haemodynamics and myocardial oxygenation of endotracheal intubation
      were examined in 17 patients after halothane induction and 12 after 1 mg X kg-1
      of IV morphine. Six patients having each anaesthetic were pretreated with IV
      propranolol (0.1 mg X kg-1) 45 minutes earlier. Arterial and intracardiac
      pressures, cardiac output and total coronary sinus blood flow (CSBF), both by
      thermodilution, were determined plus arterial-coronary differences of oxygen,
      haemoglobin and lactate. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate and CSBF were recorded
      continuously during intubation. The subjects were candidates for coronary bypass
      grafts, but had good ventricular function (mean ejection fraction 0.68 +/- 0.13
      SD). From their reduced levels after induction, BP, cardiac index and systemic
      vascular resistance increased to awake levels following intubation. Mean CSBF in
      nonbetablocked patients increased to awake level along with BP. More myocardial
      oxygen was extracted and consumed after intubation, but lactate extraction
      continued: these data are evidence of adequate oxygen supply. Induction with
      either halothane or morphine effectively prevented the hypertensive response to
      intubation. Acute beta blockade led to less increase in heart rate from
      intubation.

PMID- 3872705
TI  - Increased pulmonary artery diastolic-pulmonary wedge pressure gradient after
      cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - In 29 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting, the diastolic
      pulmonary arterial pressure-pulmonary capillary wedge pressure gradient (DPAP
      PCWP) and related haemodynamic parameters were determined before and after
      induction of anaesthesia, immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and one
      and three hours after CPB. The DPAP-PCWP gradient remained unchanged after
      induction of anaesthesia but was significantly increased after CPB. A gradient of
      5 mmHg or greater was observed in 16 patients after CPB, whereas none of the
      patients showed such a gradient before CPB. A significant correlation was found
      between the change in DPAP-PCWP and the change in pulmonary vascular resistance
      (PVR). It is concluded that DPAP should not be used as a substitute of PCWP in
      the early postbypass period without frequent confirmation of the presence of the
      normal small DPAP-PCWP gradient. Since an increase of PVR may impair right
      ventricular ejection, we recommend the routine measurement of DPAP-PCWP gradient
      in the postbypass period.

PMID- 3872706
TI  - The effect of cadmium chloride on the immune response in mice.
AB  - Six week old BDF1 female mice were exposed to cadmium chloride in the drinking
      water at concentrations ranging from 0 to 50 micrograms/mL cadmium for three
      weeks. The humoral immune response against sheep red blood cells which is T
      lymphocyte and macrophage dependent, was suppressed in a dose dependent fashion
      with the maximum suppression of 28.2% observed in the highest exposure group (P
      less than 0.0001). Mitogen studies demonstrated that cadmium was a weak mitogen,
      producing a dose-dependent enhancement of blastogenesis (P = 0.026). T-lymphocyte
      responses which were induced by concanavalin A were not affected by cadmium
      exposure (P = 0.284). A dose-dependent enhancement of the B-lymphocyte activity
      was produced in the presence of cadmium when the lymphocytes were induced with
      Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharide, a B-lymphocyte mitogen (P = 0.007). These
      results suggest that the immunosuppressive effects of cadmium associated with the
      humoral immune response are not due to an impairment of lymphocyte proliferation,
      an intermediate step involved in the generation of an immune response. The
      immunosuppressive effects were produced at relatively low cadmium exposures as
      indicated by the renal cadmium concentrations suggesting that the immune systems
      is very vulnerable to the toxic effects of cadmium.

PMID- 3872707
TI  - Primary tissue culture of spontaneously regressing flat warts. In vitro attack by
      mononuclear cells against wart-derived epidermal cells.
AB  - Although tumors may be resolved due to host immune response, it is difficult to
      obtain direct evidence of this in man. Numerous flat warts, human papilloma virus
      type 3-induced papillomas, disappear systemically and simultaneously after
      showing inflammatory changes. Histologically, there is a dense cellular
      infiltration composed of lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes as identified by
      alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase staining in situ, the former being predominant in
      most cases. The primary tissue culture of such inflamed flat warts from ten cases
      revealed a proliferation of wart-derived keratinocytes as is the case with
      ordinary flat warts. However, in nine of the ten cases, massive mononuclear
      cells, most of which were T-lymphocytes, migrated out of the explants and began
      to attack these keratinocytes, inducing degenerative changes. These findings
      indicate that cell-mediated tumor cell destruction rather than antiviral reaction
      induces systemic spontaneous regression of multiple papillomas in man.

PMID- 3872708
TI  - Pulmonary complications in patients with adult T-cell leukemia.
AB  - A survey of 360 patients with various hematologic diseases revealed a high
      frequency of respiratory complications in patients with adult T-cell leukemia
      (ATL) compared to others. Among 29 patients with ATL, pulmonary complications
      were seen in 26 patients; leukemic pulmonary infiltration in 13, bleeding in 1,
      interstitial pneumonitis in 1, and pulmonary infection in 13. The incidence of
      Pneumocystis carinii and bacterial pneumonias were high despite adequate
      neutrophil count. Even in chronic and smoldering ATL, respiratory diseases were
      found in high frequency. Many of those were leukemic cell infiltration. In ten of
      13 patients with pulmonary infiltration it occurred in the early stage and 6 of
      them were diagnosed as having "chronic lung disease" before the diagnosis of ATL.
      Its histology was accompanied by fibrosis in greater or lesser degree in almost
      all cases. Transbroncheal lung biopsy (TBLB) is of value in diagnosis (8 of 13
      cases).

PMID- 3872709
TI  - Immunorestorative properties of thymostimulin (TS) in patients with Hodgkin's
      disease in clinical remission.
AB  - Fifteen Hodgkin's disease patients (8 male, 7 female) aged 19-72 years, who had
      been in complete unmaintained remission for 1 year or more when the study was
      initiated, were given 50 mg thymostimulin (TS) IM daily for 60 consecutive days.
      When compared with 26-30 age- and sex-matched controls, as a group the patients'
      circulating ENR+, OKT+3, and OKT+4 cells were depressed (0.001 less than or equal
      to P less than or equal to 0.06), whereas their OKT+8 cell population was not.
      Low (greater than 1 SD or greater than 2 SD below mean in controls) or borderline
      (mean value of two subsequent tests greater than 1 SD below mean in controls)
      values of ENR+, OKT+3, and OKT+4 cells were seen in nine (group I) of the 15
      patients tested, while the remaining six patients (group II) had normal T-cell
      proportions. Following TS treatment, the proportions of ENR+, OKT+3, and OKT+4
      cells increased to normal in all group I patients. The T-cell levels, however,
      decreased to pretreatment values 60-70 days after completion of TS therapy. TS
      had no effect on the group II patients whose T-cell percentages had initially
      been normal. Spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SCMC) was assessed in 11
      patients, and irrespective of the baseline values, there was a significant
      enhancement (P less than 0.005) by day 15 of TS administration, which was
      maintained during treatment. SCMC, however, returned to pretreatment levels 60-70
      days after TS was discontinued. The delayed skin test reactivity to DNCB was
      significantly depressed in all cases. Although TS restored the T-cell
      proportions, it failed to reverse DNCB reactivity from negative to positive in
      any of the patients tested. TS can thus restore defective T-cell frequencies and
      can enhance cytolytic functions that are potentially important in host
      immunosurveillance, but it apparently failed to improve the skin reactivity to
      neoantigen.

PMID- 3872710
TI  - Immunopotentiator separated from hot water extract of the seed of Benincasa
      cerifera Savi (Tohgashi).
AB  - The separation and properties of a new immuno-potentiator, Benincasa cerifera
      mitogen (BCM) fraction, were investigated. BCM fraction was separated from hot
      water extract of the seed of Benincasa cerifera Savi (Tohgashi) by gel filtration
      using Sepharose 4B. BCM fraction is a heteropolymer consisting of uronic acid,
      neutral sugars, protein, and phosphorus. The proliferation and differentiation of
      murine B cells were markedly stimulated by BCM fraction. The in vitro development
      of peritoneal macrophages into antitumor macrophages was also activated by the
      addition of BCM fraction to cultures. BCM fraction augmented the IgM and IgG
      antibody responses against sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) and the induction of delayed
      type footpad reaction against SRBC. The antitumor activity of BCM fraction was
      observed in terms of prolongation of the survival period of mice bearing Meth A
      fibrosarcoma. After hydrolysis with 1% acetic acid at 100 degrees C for 4 h,
      marked mitogenic activity was found in a precipitate composed of 29% neutral
      sugars, 50% uronic acid, 1% protein, and 0.1% phosphorus. The precipitate did not
      contain detectable amino sugar. The possibility that the biological activities of
      BCM fraction may be due to contamination by bacterial lipopolysaccharide was
      ruled out on the basis of the results of chemical analysis and of marked
      mitogenicity noted in C3H/HeJ spleen cell cultures.

PMID- 3872711
TI  - Effect of retinoic acid on the late-stage promotion of transformation in JB6
      mouse epidermal cells in culture.
AB  - beta-All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) inhibited the anchorage-independent growth of
      JB6 cells induced by either mezerein or alpha-epidermal growth factor (alpha-EGF)
      (a purified fraction of epidermal growth factor). The inhibition was dose
      dependent for alpha-EGF as well as for RA. Mezerein-induced growth in soft agar
      was inhibited to a greater extent by RA than was alpha-EGF-induced growth in soft
      agar, at similar colony yields. The extent of inhibition of anchorage-dependent
      growth induced by RA was similar for nontransformed JB6 cells and for alpha-EGF
      transformed cells, so that transformation was shown not to influence the
      sensitivity of cells to retinoid inhibition of anchorage-dependent growth. RA was
      as effective at inhibiting anchorage-independent growth when it was applied after
      promoter-induced transformation as when it was applied during promoter-induced
      transformation. Therefore, the antiproliferative effect of RA, without an
      additional antitransformation effect, was sufficient to account for the reduced
      colony yield. These results suggest that the antipromoting action of retinoids in
      JB6 cells may occur by limiting proliferation, the regulation of which may be
      coupled with the state of differentiation of cells.

PMID- 3872712
TI  - Comparison of growth factors functionally related to epidermal growth factor in
      the urine of normal and human tumor-bearing athymic mice.
AB  - Urine from nude mice contains epidermal growth factor (EGF) and a minor acid
      stable component with an apparent molecular weight of 20,000, which competes with
      EGF for binding to EGF membrane receptors and which promotes colony formation by
      normal rat kidney cells in soft agar. The levels of this Mr 20,000 urine-derived
      growth factor are increased approximately 4- to 10-fold in nude mice bearing
      tumors following s.c. injection of cultured human tumor cells. Following removal
      of the primary tumor, the concentration of this factor is reduced to basal
      levels, and thus, elevated levels of this growth factor appear to be dependent on
      tumor burden. The Mr 20,000 urinary component is separable into four EGF
      competing activities by high-performance liquid chromatography; the major species
      is immunologically related to mouse submaxillary gland EGF and therefore appears
      to be of host origin. However, in addition to elevated levels of host growth
      factor, urine from tumor-bearing mice also contains transforming growth factor
      activity in amounts comparable to that released by the tumor cells in culture.
      The tumor-derived urinary transforming growth factor activity is immunologically
      unrelated to EGF but is immunoreactive with an antiserum to transforming growth
      factor-alpha. We propose that the nude mouse may be a useful model to examine the
      role of both host- and tumor-derived growth factors in tumorigenesis and the
      usefulness of these factors as biological markers of response to therapy and
      tumor progression.

PMID- 3872713
TI  - Selective phosphorylation of cytosol proteins associated with transformation and
      restoration of normal phenotype in AKR mouse embryo fibroblasts.
AB  - Phosphoproteins from cytosol preparations of methylcholanthrene-transformed AKR
      mouse (AKR-MCA) cells were compared to those of their untransformed counterparts,
      AKR-2B cells, by two-dimensional electrophoresis following an in vitro 32P
      phosphorylation procedure using endogenous kinases and substrates. Five proteins
      were phosphorylated in the AKR-MCA cells which were not observed in the AKR-2B
      cells, while six proteins were phosphorylated in the untransformed cells which
      were not observed in the malignant cells. Treatment of AKR-MCA cells with 1% N,N
      dimethylformamide induced the reversion of the malignant cells to a phenotype
      similar to that of untransformed AKR-2B cells (S. Chakrabarty et al., Cancer
      Res., 44: 2181, 1984). Treatment of AKR-MCA cells with dimethyl formamide
      resulted in the restoration of five of the AKR-2B-associated phosphorylations and
      abolished 2 of the AKR-MCA-associated phosphorylations. AKR-2B cells have been
      shown to respond to transforming growth factors with reversible phenotypic
      transformation (R. F. Tucker et al., Cancer Res., 43: 1581, 1983). Transforming
      growth factor treatment of AKR-2B cells induced all five of the AKR-MCA
      associated phosphoproteins and the loss of all six of the AKR-2B phosphoproteins.
      Epidermal growth factor treatment of AKR-2B cells resulted in the phosphorylation
      of several proteins which were not observed in either AKR-MCA or untreated AKR-2B
      cells. Some, but not all, of the AKR-2B-associated phosphorylations were also
      observed in epidermal growth factor-treated cells. The results of these studies
      demonstrated qualitative and/or quantitative changes in cytosolic protein kinase
      phosphatase activities between transformed and normal AKR-2B cells. Treatment of
      AKR-MCA cells with dimethylformamide resulted in the restoration of some of the
      normal AKR-2B cell-associated protein kinase-phosphatase activities.

PMID- 3872714
TI  - Acute traumatic intraventricular hemorrhage in children.
AB  - Four cases are reported of acute traumatic intraventricular hemorrhage in
      children revealed by computed tomography (CT). In most cases, the
      intraventricular hemorrhage had been produced by severe sagittal impact. All of
      the children were 7 or less on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission. Three
      had hemorrhage in all ventricles, and one had an intraventricular hemorrhage in
      the lateral and fourth ventricles. One of them showed enhancement of the blood
      filled ventricles, with the appearance of increased ventricular size, on the
      contrast enhancement CT. Two children with ventricular dilation died soon after
      injury, although ventricular drainage had been performed; one child remained in a
      persistent vegetative state, and the other enjoyed good recovery with
      conservative therapy. Certain features of acute traumatic intraventricular
      hemorrhage in children are discussed in relation to this series.

PMID- 3872715
TI  - Severe headache as the only symptom of long-standing shunt dysfunction in
      hydrocephalic children with normal or slit ventricles revealed by computed
      tomography.
AB  - Four patients aged 11, 11, 8 and 18 years, shunted in early childhood for
      hydrocephalus, were followed in the outpatient clinic for severe headache from 3
      months to 2 years. The headache lasted for days and up to a week, was usually
      severe, and was often followed by screaming attacks or aggressive behavior. In
      all patients repeated computed tomography disclosed a normal ventricular system
      or slit ventricles. The intracranial pressure (ICP) was measured in all four
      patients and showed an increased intracranial steady-state pressure between 20-50
      mmHg, plateau waves and, in two of the patients, a very high intracranial pulse
      pressure amplitude. At operation all patients had dysfunction of the shunt (most
      often of the distal end). In three patients ICP monitoring post-operatively
      showed normal intracranial pressure without any abnormal increments from the
      normal steady-state pressure. Thus, severe headache can be the only symptom of
      long-standing shunt dysfunction, even without ventricular dilation. In shunted
      hydrocephalic children complaining of headaches, ICP measurement is highly
      recommended.

PMID- 3872716
TI  - Acute toxic encephalopathy with symmetrical low density areas in the thalami and
      the cerebellum.
AB  - Unique CT findings were obtained in four cases of acute toxic encephalopathy,
      including two cases of clinical Reye's syndrome in the acute stage. Common
      findings in these cases were symmetrical low density in the thalami and the
      cerebellum (mainly the dentate nuclei) and similar changes in the surroundings of
      the lateral ventricles.

PMID- 3872717
TI  - Increased ICP without ventriculomegaly. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in a
      1-year-old boy.
AB  - The case of a 1-year-old boy with pseudotumor cerebri is reported. After the
      diagnosis had been made, an epidural pressure transducer was implanted.
      Correlation calculation of the pulse amplitudes and the systolic ICP and Fourier
      analysis of the ICP modulations were performed. The ICP data reached values up to
      50 mmHg and the mathematical calculations provided information on the reduced
      intracranial compliance. After the implantation of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt,
      all parameters normalized.

PMID- 3872718
TI  - Analgesics in the 1980s.

PMID- 3872719
TI  - Neonatal tetanus in Maputo, Mozambique. Part I. Hospital incidence and childbirth
      practices.

PMID- 3872720
TI  - Posterior descending artery origin from the left anterior descending: an unusual
      coronary artery variant.
AB  - We recently observed the unusual origin of the posterior descending from the left
      anterior descending coronary artery in three patients undergoing coronary
      angiography. These three cases are presented and the clinical implications of
      this variation are discussed.

PMID- 3872721
TI  - The two promoters of the mouse alpha-amylase gene Amy-1a are differentially
      activated during parotid gland differentiation.
AB  - Mouse parotid acinar cells differentiate and proliferate mainly after birth.
      During the first 3 weeks of age, alpha-amylase mRNA, one of the major gene
      products of the adult tissue, increases from barely detectable to adult levels
      (10(4) copies/cell). Run-on transcription experiments show that this increase is
      transcriptionally regulated. Northern blot hybridization and in situ
      hybridization results indicate that the two promoters of the alpha-amylase gene
      Amy-1a are differentially switched on. First, the weaker downstream promoter is
      activated, and by 2 weeks of age, virtually all acinar cells have accumulated the
      transcript initiated at this promoter. At this age the strong Amy-1a promoter is
      utilized in only a minor proportion of acinar cells, while in the adult this
      promoter appears to be active in all acinar cells. Thus, the progressive
      accumulation of alpha-amylase mRNA during postnatal parotid differentiation is
      mainly the consequence of progressive acinar cell commitment to expression of the
      strong parotid-specific Amy-1a promoter. The pattern of committing cells during
      differentiation suggests that once an acinar cell has initiated expression of
      parotid-type alpha-amylase mRNA, this commitment is passed on to its daughter
      cells.

PMID- 3872722
TI  - Early stimulation of phospholipid methylation in Xenopus oocytes by progesterone.
AB  - Progesterone induced a transient increase in the incorporation of [3H]methyl
      groups into phospholipids of Xenopus oocytes followed by a rise in 45Ca2+ uptake.
      Phospholipid methylation reached a maximum as early as 15 s after progesterone
      treatment and returned to basal level within 2 min. Steroids inactive in
      promoting oocyte maturation were less effective in affecting phospholipid
      methylation. Methyltransferase inhibitors, 3-deaza-SIBA, SIBA, and Sinefungin,
      inhibited progesterone-activated stimulation of phospholipid methylation, calcium
      uptake and meiotic maturation. Phospholipid methylation is the earliest
      detectable biochemical event occurring in oocytes after exposure to progesterone
      followed by calcium influx and leading to germinal vesicle dissolution.

PMID- 3872723
TI  - The female athlete's knee.
AB  - Available data have established that the female athlete is particularly
      vulnerable to various stress syndromes and noncontact ligament sprains of the
      knee. Although anatomic differences such as decreased muscle mass and increased
      joint laxity exist, the primary reason for this disparity appears to be an
      inadequate level of basic motor skills. The average female athlete has less
      training and conditioning than the male and has paid less attention to
      preparticipation fitness. Normal motor function has been defined in terms of
      required flexibility and coordination so that simple clinical testing can be
      performed. Normal flexibility may be defined as the unimpeded range of motion at
      each joint required for running. Coordination is normal when posture and movement
      are efficient and self-protective. This results from the action of primary
      neuromuscular mechanisms, which are anthropologic developments to support the
      unique posture of humans. Poor motor training or reflex inhibition causes
      secondary, less efficient mechanisms to be substituted for the primary ones,
      resulting in faulty coordination. These changes can be detected on clinical
      examination. Assessment of flexibility and coordination are the most important
      parts of the evaluation of the female athlete, since they relate directly to her
      most common injury patterns. The underlying neuromuscular physiology governing
      postural control and movement needs to be considered in planning therapeutic
      measures.

PMID- 3872724
TI  - Mechanisms and clinical relevance of antagonism between beta-lactam antibiotics.
AB  - The author discussed the problem of antagonism between combined antibiotics.
      Several examples of antagonistic combinations between cefoxitin plus moxalactam,
      or carbenicillin were cited in the literature. This phenomenon may occur
      especially with Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter spp. and
      Serratia marcescens: in these species induction of chromosomally mediated beta
      lactamase by certain potent inducers such as cefoxitin has been suggested as the
      main mechanism of antagonism. Competition for binding sites (PBPs) or diminished
      permeability that alter susceptibility to beta-lactams, may be less likely
      acceptable hypotheses for double beta-lactam combination antagonism. These in
      vitro interactions may have clinical relevance; however even if studies in animal
      models showed a few examples of in vivo antagonism, the actual clinical
      significance of interactions between beta-lactams requires further thorough
      controlled clinical studies.

PMID- 3872725
TI  - A perspective on the present contribution of beta-lactamases to bacterial
      resistance with particular reference to induction of beta-lactamase and its
      clinical significance.
AB  - Resistance of bacteria to beta-lactam antibiotics has become a serious problem in
      the past several decades. Virtually all Staphylococcus aureus, many Haemophilus
      influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, many
      Enterobacteriaceae, many Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacteroides species possess
      beta-lactamases which hydrolyze to varying degree penems, penams, carbapenems,
      cephems, cephamycins and monobactams. The most common plasmid-mediated beta
      lactamase is the so-called TEM beta-lactamase (Richmond Sykes type IIIa) which
      exists in Haemophilus, Neisseria and many of the Enterobacteriaceae. Techniques
      to overcome this resistance have been the development of beta-lactamase stable
      compounds and of beta-lactamase inhibitors. However, inducible chromosomally
      mediated beta-lactamases in species such as Enterobacter, Pseudomonas,
      Citrobacter and some Serratia have become an increasing problem with more
      widespread use of beta-lactamase stable cephalosporins.

PMID- 3872726
TI  - In vitro selection of beta-lactam resistance by exposure to second, third, and
      fourth generation cephalosporins.
AB  - The frequency in which in vitro resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics can be
      selected by prior exposure to a second, third, or fourth generation cephalosporin
      was examined. A total of 91 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas were
      tested against cefamandole, cefotaxime, moxalactam, cefoperazone, ceftazidime,
      ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, or HR 810. Resistance was most commonly observed in
      members of the genera Enterobacter, Serratia, and Pseudomonas. Resistance
      developed after exposure to all 8 test antibiotics and stable resistance was
      maintained in 31% of the originally selected isolates. Cross-resistance was
      frequently seen, although stable resistance to the fourth generation
      cephalosporin, HR 810, was not observed in any isolate.

PMID- 3872727
TI  - Ways to overcome cephalosporinase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in Enterobacter
      cloacae.
AB  - Beta-lactam antibiotics which affect mainly PBP 3 and are poor substrates for the
      cephalosporinase of Enterobacter cloacae, but tightly bind to it, are not active
      against cephalosporinase-overproducing variants of this organism. Attempts have
      been made to greatly reduce the affinity for the beta-lactamase in order to
      prevent both binding and hydrolysis. 3-Quaternary ammonium cephalosporins and
      some cephalosporin (S)-sulfoxides were seen to fit this requirement. Suitable
      substitution of the monocyclic beta-lactam nucleus also resulted in compounds
      with lower affinity than aztreonam. Temocillin, differing from ticarcillin by the
      6-methoxy group, also has a lower affinity for the cephalosporinase. All
      compounds discussed retain the highest affinity for PBP 3 and are active against
      cephalosporinase-overproducing E. cloacae in contrast to compounds with high
      affinity for the cephalosporinase.

PMID- 3872728
TI  - Cystic fibrosis. A WHO/ICF(M)A meeting.
AB  - Cystic fibrosis represents a major health problem in developed countries.
      Although its distribution is worldwide, in most developing countries there is
      little awareness of its prevalence and little opportunity to provide treatment.
      The improvements in survival of cystic fibrosis patients in developed countries
      over the past two decades have brought mean life expectancy to 20 years or more,
      and many adult patients with cystic fibrosis at present are fully integrated in
      society and have an acceptable lifestyle. Improvements in standard of living,
      general health, diet, surgical and medical care, including nutritional support,
      pancreatic enzyme supplementation and antibiotic therapy have all contributed to
      extended survival of patients and improved quality of life. The role of the
      community is important in providing support for cystic fibrosis patients and
      their families. Cystic fibrosis organizations, and mutual-help parent groups play
      a vital part in educating the public about the disease, disseminating
      information, and supporting research.The lack of knowledge regarding the
      fundamental defect of the disease and the lack of appropriate methods for fetal
      diagnosis and heterozygote detection, limit the possibility of controlling the
      disease. International collaboration is required to provide internationally
      useful guidelines for treatment, to promote initiatives in public health, and to
      assist in the dissemination of educational material. In practice this will be
      most important in developing countries, where underdiagnosis of cystic fibrosis
      is widespread. Definition of the gene for cystic fibrosis and its resultant
      metabolic defect will require intensive specialized and systematic fundamental
      research, which could also be accelerated by international collaboration.

PMID- 3872729
TI  - Biomass fuel combustion and health.
AB  - Biomass fuels (wood, agricultural waste, and dung) are used by about half the
      world's population as a major, often the only, source of domestic energy for
      cooking and heating. The smoke emissions from these fuels are an important source
      of indoor air pollution, especially in rural communities in developing countries.
      These emissions contain important pollutants that adversely affect health-such as
      suspended particulate matter and polycyclic organic matter which includes a
      number of known carcinogens, such as benzo[a]pyrene, as well as gaseous
      pollutants like carbon monoxide and formaldehyde.Exposure to large amounts of
      smoke may present a health risk that is of a similar order of magnitude to the
      risk from tobacco smoke. The effects on health arising from exposure to air
      pollution are reviewed, based on what has been reported in the literature so far.
      Further and more detailed information on exposures and on the epidemiological
      aspects is urgently required.The persons most frequently affected are women who
      do the cooking for households in rural villages; they suffer from impaired health
      due to prolonged and repeated contact with these harmful pollutants. When they
      are pregnant, the developing fetus may also be exposed and this leads to the risk
      of excess deaths. In the developing countries, exposure to biomass fuel emissions
      is probably one of the most important occupational health hazards for women. A
      conservatively estimated 300-400 million people worldwide, mostly in the rural
      areas of developing countries, are affected by these problems.

PMID- 3872730
TI  - Screening procedure using chicks infected with the sporozoites of Plasmodium
      gallinaceum in an antimalarial drug development programme.
AB  - Of 10 000 compounds tested for tissue schizontocidal activity in a Plasmodium
      gallinaceum-chick model, 157 were also tested in a definitive mouse test (DMT)
      and 277 in a rhesus monkey test (RMT). The results in the avian model were 78%
      and 55% in agreement with those of the DMT and RMT, respectively. This result is
      not as good as that for a tissue schizontocidal mouse screen previously reported,
      which showed 93% and 80% agreement with DMT and RMT, respectively. More than
      three-quarters of the compounds tested in DMT and RMT were 8-aminoquinolines, a
      chemical class known to have tissue schizontocidal activity.

PMID- 3872731
TI  - Evaluation of reagent strips in urine tests for detection of Schistosoma
      haematobium infection: a comparative study in Ghana and Zambia.
AB  - The presence of haematuria and proteinuria, detected by reagent strips, was
      compared with Schistosoma haematobium egg counts in the urines of human subjects
      from two epidemiologically distinct areas in Ghana and Zambia. In children and
      adults in both areas, the individual or combined semiquantitative levels of
      proteinuria and haematuria were related directly to increasing urinary egg
      counts. In both areas the presence of blood in the urine was highly specific
      (greater than 85%) and sensitive, being positive in 97% of urine specimens with
      more than 64 eggs per 5-ml sample of urine. The sensitivity of the protein
      indicator was also high, but its specificity was less than the blood indicator.
      The specificity of combined proteinuria and haematuria was higher than either
      alone; on the other hand, the sensitivity was lower than either alone. At each
      level of proteinuria and haematuria, the geometric mean urinary egg count was
      higher in Ghana than in Zambia. This study confirms the necessity to evaluate
      indirect diagnostic techniques in each endemic country, in order to establish
      criteria for their interpretation, before wide-scale use.

PMID- 3872732
TI  - Indirect screening for Schistosoma haematobium infection: a comparative study in
      Ghana and Zambia.
AB  - Four indirect approaches, based on inquiry into a past history of haematuria,
      visual inspection for blood in the urine specimens, and the use of reagent strips
      to detect haematuria and proteinuria, were evaluated to identify persons with
      Schistosoma haematobium infection. These approaches were applied individually and
      in three different screening sequences on two populations in Ghana and Zambia in
      order to identify infected children and adults for subsequent treatment in both
      areas. Detection of haematuria using reagent strips was the single approach with
      the highest sensitivity and specificity. The observation of gross haematuria
      (bloody urine), followed by detection of blood by reagent strips, identified 87%
      of infected children in both areas. This screening sequence showed the highest
      combined sensitivity and specificity in the identification of infected children
      as well as adults for treatment in both areas. Differences in the results between
      the two countries are discussed. This study emphasizes the need for evaluation of
      indirect screening procedures for the diagnosis of S. haematobium infection in
      each endemic area so as to establish criteria for their interpretation, prior to
      large-scale field application.

PMID- 3872733
TI  - Effects of water quality and water quantity on nutritional status: findings from
      a south Indian community.
AB  - Quantitative assessments of the relative effects on health of various aspects of
      water supply are virtually absent from the literature. Despite the lack of
      information, resources are being allocated throughout the developing world, for
      projects related to water and sanitation. The present study was designed
      specifically to overcome many of the methodological problems that other
      researchers have faced. Data were collected concerning the nutritional status of
      627 children in three urban communities in South India. Information was also
      collected on water quality, water quantity, household sanitation, socioeconomic
      conditions, and housing. A statistical technique is presented that allows for
      controlling potential confounding factors in the analyses. The results, in
      general, indicate that at young ages (i.e., under 3 years old) water quality is
      relatively more important as a determinant of nutritional status, while at older
      ages water quantity is relatively more important.

PMID- 3872734
TI  - Boiling of drinking-water: can a fuel-scarce community afford it?
AB  - In the prevention of diarrhoea, health professionals often advocate boiling as a
      method of choice to provide safe household drinking-water to villagers in the
      less developed countries. We have examined the financial feasibility of this
      recommendation in a village study in Bangladesh. Family income was categorized
      and the pattern of household fuel consumption was determined. Families in the
      lowest income quartile would have to spend approximately 22% of their yearly
      income on fuel, and those in the highest income bracket approximately 10%.
      Boiling of drinking-water would result in an 11% increase in the household budget
      (as a percentage of income) for a typical family in the lowest income quartile,
      compared with a 3% increase for a family in the highest income quartile. We
      conclude that recommendations concerning boiling of drinking-water in developing
      countries should not be made until their economic feasibility has been
      demonstrated.

PMID- 3872735
TI  - [Control of cancer of the mouth in developing countries].

PMID- 3872736
TI  - Current status of amantadine and rimantadine as anti-influenza-A agents:
      memorandum from a WHO meeting.
AB  - Amantadine (1-adamantanamine hydrochloride), an anti-influenza drug, effectively
      inhibits the replication of all human subtypes of influenza A virus (H1N1, H2N2
      and H3N2) both in laboratory studies and in a variety of clinical situations in
      young and old persons. So far, it has been used on a relatively limited scale by
      community and hospital clinicians, partly because of concern over mild side
      effects in approximately 6% of persons. The related compound, rimantadine (alpha
      methyl-1-adamantane-methylamine hydrochloride), shows comparable antiviral
      activity with few or no side-effects. Although the mode of antiviral action is
      considered to be similar, the two drugs differ in their metabolic and
      pharmacological properties.Both amantadine and rimantadine have therapeutic uses
      and shorten the duration of influenza-A-induced fever, malaise, and virus
      shedding. A dosage of 200 mg of either drug for a 3-5-day period is effective but
      treatment has to commence on the first day of symptoms. Prophylaxis, particularly
      using rimantadine, could be usefully initiated in elderly and other high-risk
      individuals living in institutions and in the general community.

PMID- 3872737
TI  - Influenza surveillance: alternative laboratory techniques for a developing
      country.
AB  - In developing countries it is often impractical to use conventional methods to
      isolate and identify influenza viruses. The use of trypsin-treated LLC-MK2 cells
      for the isolation of myxoviruses, in conjunction with the indirect fluorescent
      antibody technique for identification of isolates and for direct detection of
      viral antigens in specimens, was an effective combination of techniques which
      enabled our laboratory in Papua New Guinea to participate in an influenza
      surveillance programme. The application of these techniques in routine
      respiratory virus surveillance and in the investigation of an outbreak of
      influenza-like illness is described.

PMID- 3872738
TI  - Prevention of congenital rubella in Iceland by antibody screening and
      immunization of seronegative females.
AB  - A programme to eradicate congenital rubella from Iceland was started in 1979,
      based on (1) screening of all females aged 12-45 years for rubella antibodies and
      (2) vaccination of all seronegative persons with the RA/27/3 rubella vaccine,
      given free of charge. Thus, individual protection was offered to all who needed
      it. The collection of serum samples was planned to last for 2 years while,
      simultaneously, the already established rubella screening and immunization
      programmes for 12-year-old schoolgirls and pregnant women continued.During
      assessment in 1983, 95.2% of females in the first 7 age groups (by now aged 14-20
      years) participating in the school programme had been tested and 80.4% of them
      were found to be naturally immune. Of the seronegatives, 93.7% were subsequently
      vaccinated, thus giving an overall immunity rate of 98.8%. Among the women in the
      peak of the childbearing period (by now aged 21-35 years), 84.4% had been tested
      and 92.7% were found to be naturally immune; vaccination of 61.4% of seronegative
      individuals then gave an overall immunity rate of 97.2% for this age group.If it
      is assumed that the natural immunity rate of females still untested is like that
      of the above groups, then the percentage of non-immune persons is at present 2.1%
      in the younger group and 3.4% in the older.

PMID- 3872739
TI  - Observations on the application of EPI cluster survey methods for estimating
      disease incidence.
AB  - The present study attempted to assess the incidence of target diseases of the
      Expanded Programme on Immunization (poliomyelitis, tetanus, measles, pertussis,
      neonatal tetanus, diphtheria), using cluster samples and a household interview
      form. The results suggest that this method can indeed serve to estimate the
      incidence of these diseases with reasonable precision and may also be used to
      demonstrate reduction in incidence for the more common diseases. Analysis of 37
      surveys for poliomyelitis and neonatal tetanus in India revealed a relative
      uniformity in the design effect (i.e., the ratio of the variance for the cluster
      estimate to the variance for the binomial estimate) for diseases with low
      incidence and prevalence. Diseases with higher prevalence tend to have a larger
      design effect, which may be indicative of the epidemic and "clustered" nature of
      the disease. A large design effect, therefore, does not necessarily indicate a
      need for a larger sample size, particularly if precision is acceptable. There is
      no one single design that is ideal for all surveys of disease incidence and
      decisions must be made in the light of local conditions and available resources.

PMID- 3872740
TI  - Transforming growth factors induce markers of neoplasia in cultured adult rat
      bladder.
AB  - Transforming growth factors alpha and beta (TGF-alpha and TGF-beta) isolated from
      normal mouse kidney induced gross morphological changes in rat urothelial cells
      maintained in organ culture. These morphological effects are similar to those
      observed after long-term treatment of rat bladder organ cultures with the
      carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) or the promoting agents sodium saccharin
      and sodium cyclamate. Cultures were treated continuously with 5-25 micrograms/ml
      of Bio-Gel P-30-purified TGF containing both TGF-alpha and TGF-beta between days
      1 and 14 in culture, or with 5 micrograms/ml from days 28 to 42. Controls
      received 1-10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF) or control medium. Untreated
      controls retained a normal urothelium throughout the period of study. Mature
      superficial-type cells covered most of the surface and less mature forms appeared
      on the cut sides and damaged areas where cells followed the normal pattern of
      urothelial differentiation. EGF at 5 and 10 ng/ml caused necrosis of the entire
      urothelium but at 1 and 2 ng/ml had minimal effects on histology and scanning
      electron microscopical appearance up to 14 days in culture. Crude P-30-purified
      TGFs induced a series of dose-related changes from 4 days, which were maximal at
      8 days and persisted or decreased between 8 and 14 days. These included
      hyperplasia, loss of epithelial polarity, hyperchromasia and elongation of basal
      cells between the overlying cell layers to reach the culture surface. Scanning
      electron microscopy showed the appearance at the culture surface of immature
      cells with gross surface abnormalities including large numbers of blebs, stubby
      microvilli and long pleomorphic microvilli. Immature cells on the sides of the
      culture and in damaged areas developed similar features. At crude TGF doses of 10
      micrograms/ml many superficial cells were rounded, some became cystic and
      epithelial necrosis was observed. Cultures treated with h.p.l.c.-purified TGF
      beta at 80 ng/ml in the presence of 2 ng/ml EGF showed similar effects to those
      treated with 5 micrograms/ml P-30-purified TGF. Fully differentiated cultures
      treated from 28 to 42 days with crude TGF, showed changes similar to those seen
      in early cultures. However, histological changes, particularly basal cell
      elongation were more widespread and there was an abnormal development of globular
      processes between the membrane ridges of mature superficial cells. Neither crude
      TGF nor EGF stimulated growth in soft agar of isolated epithelial cells from
      freshly killed rats or organ cultures pretreated for 7 days with EGF or
      TGF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3872741
TI  - Independence of left ventricular pressure-volume ratio from preload in man early
      after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
AB  - The response of the maximum value of the left ventricular pressure-volume ratio
      to preload augmentation by blood or plasma expanders was studied in 11 patients
      during the first 24 hr after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Increasing the
      mean left atrial pressure from 10 to 15 and 20 mm Hg resulted in no change in the
      maximum pressure-volume ratio in the group as a whole. In certain individual
      patients, however, the maximum pressure-volume ratio changed with volume
      infusion, and these changes were accompanied by simultaneous changes in
      afterload. The observed changes in pressure-volume ratio were in the same
      direction as the changes in afterload (systolic pressure), suggesting a
      dependence of maximum pressure-volume ratio on afterload. These results show that
      the maximum pressure-volume ratio is independent of preload in the first 24 hr
      after coronary artery bypass graft surgery with the pericardium open; thus the
      maximum pressure-volume ratio is a useful index of postoperative left ventricular
      function when afterload is unchanged. However, because this ratio (a single-point
      assessment of the pressure-volume relationship) may not be a good estimate of
      Emax, we recommend a more complete determination of the locus of the "upper left
      corners" of the pressure-volume loops for measurement of Emax to provide a more
      accurate indicator of the myocardial contractile state.

PMID- 3872742
TI  - Acute phase glycoproteins in sera of patients with sarcomas receiving
      methotrexate infusion therapy.
AB  - The serum concentrations of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin and alpha-1
      antitrypsin have been estimated serially in eight patients with malignant tumours
      of bone and soft tissue, who received a total of thirty-four intravenous
      infusions of high-dose methotrexate. The serum glycoprotein levels taken before
      the first drug exposure did not relate with the prognosis of these patients. A
      tumour mass (40 mm) did not influence the serum levels of these glycoproteins.
      The presence of a pleural effusion was associated with increased serum levels of
      these glycoproteins. These assays appear to be of no value in monitoring the
      course of the disease in this group of cancer patients.

PMID- 3872743
TI  - 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 as measured by liquid
      chromatography and by competitive protein binding.

PMID- 3872744
TI  - Assessment of circulating immune complexes by a solid-phase C1q-binding assay
      during the first hours and days after prolonged exercise.
AB  - A sensitive and specific solid-phase C1q-binding assay using porcine C1q and
      microtitre plates as a solid phase, served to assess the immune complexes in
      serum during the first hours and days after a 3-h running test. Fourteen
      moderately trained male subjects participated in the race and covered 36.3 +/-
      3.7 (mean +/- SD) km in 3 h. Blood samples were drawn 1 day before, immediately
      before, immediately after, 1 and 3 h after and 1, 2 and 4 days after the race.
      When corrected for the changes of serum total protein, the apparent immune
      complex concentrations were 1 and 3 h after the race significantly higher (p less
      than 0.001 and p less than 0.05 respectively) than the pre-exercise values. Two
      days after the race the values were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than
      before the race. These findings provide evidence for the formation of immune
      complexes after severe physical exercise.

PMID- 3872745
TI  - Cytidine deaminase activity of human normal and malignant lymphoid cells.
AB  - Cytidine deaminase activity was determined by a radioisotopic assay in extracts
      of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of normal individuals and of patients with
      acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The normal enzyme activity had a broad pH optimum
      between pH 6.5 and 8.0; apparent Km values for cytidine and deoxycytidine were
      3.6 +/- 0.6 mumol/l and 26.5 +/- 3.5 mumol/l, respectively; the activity was
      resistant to heat inactivation; of the various effectors tested, only uridine,
      deoxyuridine and tetrahydroxyuridine had inhibitory effects. Cytidine deaminase
      activity was markedly decreased in lymphoblasts of patients with acute
      lymphoblastic leukaemia; enzyme activity was related to the percentage of
      circulating blast cells, and not to the clinical, cytological or immunological
      characters of the leukaemia.

PMID- 3872746
TI  - Abnormal vitamin D metabolism in Paget's disease of bone.
AB  - We have studied several biochemical indices of bone turnover and vitamin D
      metabolism in 32 untreated patients with Paget's disease and in 32 age-matched
      control subjects. patients with Paget's disease, as expected, were characterized
      by high bone turnover, as judged by alkaline phosphatase and urinary excretion of
      hydorxyproline. Serum values of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3) and the
      ratio of 24,25(OH)2D3 to 25-OHD were significantly lower in patients than in
      control subjects. Serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 were normal in Paget's
      disease. The distribution of values for 24,25(OH)2D3 was log normal. On the basis
      of the normal range computed from control subjects, patients were divided into
      those with low or normal values for 24,25(OH)2D3. Disease activity, as judged by
      biochemical indices was significantly higher in the patients with the lower
      values of 24,25(OH)2D3. We conclude that Paget's disease is characterized by low
      circulating concentrations of 24,25(OH)2D3, particularly in patients with more
      extensive or severe disease.

PMID- 3872747
TI  - Ectopic varices in portal hypertension.

PMID- 3872748
TI  - Risk factors for haemorrhage from oesophageal varices and acute gastric erosions.
AB  - Rupture, versus erosion, is the most likely cause of variceal bleeding. The risk
      of rupture appears to be enhanced in large varices and varices with reddish
      discoloration. Incompetent perforating veins connecting varices to deeper venous
      systems may also be important in the pathogenesis of this event. Perhaps one
      third of patients with large varices will bleed from them over a period of one to
      two years. Portal hypertension cannot be used to predict the future risk of
      bleeding among groups of patients. Nevertheless, it is possible that increases or
      decreases in portal pressure in individual patients may alter their bleeding
      risk. We and others have observed portal pressure as low as 10 mmHg in patients
      with clear-cut, recurrent variceal bleeding. Portal hypertension probably
      predisposes to gastric mucosal injury by enhancing, by an undefined mechanism,
      back-diffusion of acid. Consequently, haemorrhagic gastritis is more common in
      patients with portal hypertension than those without. Whether haemorrhagic
      gastritis is a more severe lesion in patients with portal hypertension is
      unclear.

PMID- 3872749
TI  - Prevention of recurrent variceal bleeding: surgical procedures.

PMID- 3872750
TI  - Recurrent and continuous erythema multiforme--a clinical and immunological study.

PMID- 3872751
TI  - Functional analysis of T and B cells from blood and thyroid tissue in Hashimoto's
      disease.
AB  - B lymphocytes from Hashimoto blood and thyroid tissue have been cultured with
      autologous T cells from thyroid/blood to assess their ability to synthesise IgG
      and thyroid autoantibody. Thyroid B cells were able to synthesize microsomal
      antibody spontaneously in the absence of T cells or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and
      this synthesis was increased in the presence of thyroid T cells without PWM or
      with blood T cells with PWM. In contrast, blood B cells did not secrete thyroid
      autoantibody spontaneously but could be induced to do so by thyroid T cells
      spontaneously or by blood T cells with PWM. Despite these differences,
      lymphocytes from blood and thyroid tissue secreted microsomal or thyroglobulin
      antibodies in culture which were similar in terms of the IgG subclass
      distribution. It would appear, therefore, that although the state of activation
      of B and T cells is different in blood and thyroid tissue, the precursors of
      thyroid autoantibody secreting cells are the same.

PMID- 3872752
TI  - Human B cell colony growth from pre-B cells in vitro.
AB  - We describe a simple one-step technique for the growth of human B cell colonies
      in semi-solid agar in vitro. This method used conditioned medium from the human
      plasmacytoma cell line LICR-LON-H My 2 as a source of stimulating activity. A
      linear relationship exists between the number of B cells seeded and the number of
      colonies formed (r = 0.95). Most colony forming cells, approximately 1 in 500 of
      B cells seeded, lack surface immunoglobulin, possess Fc receptors and mark with
      the Leu 12 monoclonal antibody. Cells within developing colonies are found to
      have cytoplasmic IgM, IgA and IgG depending on the length of time in culture.

PMID- 3872753
TI  - Phorbol ester-induced differentiation of chronic B lymphocytic leukaemia cells-
      regulatory impact of autologous and allogeneic accessory cells.
AB  - Phorbol ester (TPA) induction of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells can be
      used as a model system for the study of human B cell differentiation. We have
      analysed the role of accessory cells and the correlation to target cell surface
      Ig phenotype in TPA-induced morphological and functional differentiation of 12
      CLL populations. A more than three-fold increase in secreted IgM was seen in 10
      of 12 cases, with the strongest responses in patients having monoclonal serum
      IgM. CLL populations negative for or having only weak surface mu chain expression
      were less inducible. The impact of autologous and allogeneic accessory cells on
      TPA induction was studied in cell enrichment/depletion experiments using both
      physical and cytotoxic antibody techniques. CLL cells physically depleted of
      autologous E+ and monocytic (light density fraction) cells still responded to
      TPA. This response could be enhanced by allogeneic E- light fraction cells.
      Further depletion of autologous accessory cells by treatment of the E- high
      density fraction CLL cells with a panel of monoclonal antibodies plus complement
      demonstrated the permissive role of one or two populations of autologous cells
      expressing low avidity E receptors and the T3, T4 and T8 antigens. Augmenting T
      cells of similar phenotype were found among allogeneic cells from normal
      individuals. Thus, TPA-induced IgM secretion in biopsy B-CLL cells is regulated
      by minute numbers of autologous helper T cells. Furthermore, the Ig secretory
      response of CLL populations seems to be correlated with the surface Ig the
      surface immunoglobulin phenotype of the leukaemic cells.

PMID- 3872754
TI  - The effect of 2'deoxyguanosine on human lymphocyte responses. I. 2'deoxyguanosine
      enhances T lymphocyte responses.
AB  - Low concentrations (40 microM) of the purine nucleoside metabolite
      2'deoxyguanosine (2'dGuo), were shown to enhance both phytohaemagglutinin- and
      concanavalin A-induced T cell transformation. Evidence is presented which
      indicates that this enhancement may be due to the inhibition of suppressor T cell
      function resulting in the promotion of T cell growth factor production. T cell
      responses were only inhibited at concentrations of 2'dGuo which were toxic to the
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 3872755
TI  - Spontaneous production of, and defective response to, interleukin-1 by peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells from patients with scleroderma.
AB  - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a monocyte derived factor that participates in immune
      regulation and in the regulation of fibroblast proliferation and collagen
      deposition. It therefore, seems particularly pertinent to study in scleroderma, a
      disorder of immune regulation where increased collagen deposition is a hallmark.
      The production of IL-1 by lipopolysaccharide stimulated monocytes from 18
      untreated scleroderma patients was akin to that of their normal matched controls.
      However, the unstimulated monocytes from six of the 18 scleroderma patients
      released IL-1 activity spontaneously into their supernatants. All six patients
      with spontaneous IL-1 release had less than 5 years disease duration. The
      response to IL-1 by T lymphocytes from patients with scleroderma was low as
      compared to those from controls. The presence of spontaneous IL-1 production with
      decreased response to IL-1 in scleroderma may indicate an in vivo pre-activation
      of monocytes to produce this factor that might have a bearing in the pathogenesis
      of collagen deposition in scleroderma.

PMID- 3872756
TI  - Antinuclear antibodies and nuclear antigens in NZB myeloma ascitic fluids.
AB  - Approximately 5-10% of ascitic fluids from 411 NZB myeloma tumors were found to
      possess either antinuclear (ANA) or Coombs antibodies. Some fluids showed anti-SM
      specificity, which is thought to be unique to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
      In addition, the ascitic fluids were found to contain large amounts of DNA and Sm
      autoantigens. Further passage of ANA-positive myelomas indicated that the
      autoantibodies were not products of the myeloma cells themselves. The sporadic
      appearance of unsuspected autoantibodies in ascitic fluids may cause confusion
      when working with myeloma or with hybridoma reagents. Furthermore, the
      development of SLE-specific anti-Sm antibodies in this context suggests parallels
      between myeloma development and autoimmunity.

PMID- 3872757
TI  - Parathyroid hormone as a uremic toxin: its influence on T lymphocyte receptors.

PMID- 3872758
TI  - Anti-T cell antibodies in primary glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Lymphocytotoxic antibodies are frequently found in systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE) and several viral infections and are presumed to play an important role in
      the pathogenesis of these diseases through the modulation of lymphocyte subsets.
      Accordingly, using a slightly modified E rosette inhibition test, we investigated
      anti-T cell antibodies in lupus nephritis and various forms of primary
      glomerulonephritis to determine the correlation with lymphocyte subsets,
      macrophages and serum immune complexes. Patients with active lupus nephritis
      showed the highest titers and incidences of anti-T cell antibodies. Titers and
      incidences in primary glomerulonephritis were less than in lupus nephritis. Among
      the various forms of glomerulonephritis, the titers and incidences were greatest
      in membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis and minimal change nephrotic
      syndrome, next in membranous glomerulonephritis, and least in IgA
      glomerulonephritis. The antibodies were positive in the stages of nephrotic
      syndrome or macrohematuria of these diseases. If detected, antibodies were
      associated with decreased T and T gamma cells, increased numbers of macrophages
      and elevated serum immune complexes. These data suggest that anti-T cell
      antibodies are cytotoxic to T and T gamma lymphocytes and modulate the
      immunological network, thus playing an important role in the pathogenesis of
      various forms of glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3872759
TI  - Cerebral atrophy in patients on long-term regular hemodialysis treatment.
AB  - The presence of Cerebral Atrophy in the form of cortical damage (Cortical
      Atrophy) or subcortical damage (enlargement of ventricular cavities) was explored
      by computed tomography (CT) scans in 30 patients maintained on regular
      hemodialysis treatment (RDT) for not less than 10 years, and less than 50 years
      of age. Whereas a group of 50 normal subjects of the same age, used as control,
      gave no evidence of cerebral atrophy, 46.6% of the patients maintained on RDT
      showed cortical atrophy, evenly diffuse in half the cases and predominantly
      frontal in the other half. In addition 16.6% of the patients showed subcortical
      atrophy, even in the absence of evident central neurologic or neuropsychic
      symptoms. In a search for the possible causes of this high incidence of cerebral
      atrophy in chronic hemodialysis patients we reviewed the last five years'
      profiles of clinical and blood biochemistry parameters known or suspected to
      produce brain damage when altered, as stored in a computer system available to
      our Hemodialysis Unit: these were mean blood pressure before and after
      hemodialysis, blood cholesterol and triglyceride assays, and mean daily oral
      intake of A1(OH)3. The status of arterial blood vessels in terms of vascular
      calcification in soft tissue roentgenograms was also defined; then we correlated
      these clinical and biochemical indices with the findings of cerebral CT scans by
      the Fisher test and Discriminant Analysis. The Fisher test revealed a decreasing
      correlation of cerebral atrophy with mean blood pressure, A1(OH)3 intake, blood
      cholesterol content, arterial calcifications and blood trygliceride assay in that
      order.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3872760
TI  - Kinetic analysis of mechanisms regulating granulopoiesis in cultured human bone
      marrow.
AB  - In the past, in vitro perturbations of granulocytic progenitor cells have been
      measured by comparing the number of colonies that have grown to a threshold size
      in a given time. In our hands this method has proven to be both insensitive and
      unreliable. In this paper kinetic evidence is presented that the number of
      colonies, however defined, is subject to the influence of unpredictable
      independent variables which include the age distribution of the clonogenic cells,
      the proportion of them which are dormant, and the factors which promote their
      recruitment, their expansion into colonies and the rate at which colonies die.
      Results are improved by an early analysis of total clonal number (TC) as a
      measure of recruitment and mean clonal size (MCS) as a measure of clonal
      expansion rate.

PMID- 3872761
TI  - The generation of colony stimulating activity by lectin stimulated human
      peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes.
AB  - In order to clarify the role of T-lymphocytes and monocytes in the regulation of
      granulopoiesis, we have examined the production of colony stimulating activity by
      human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to phytohemagglutinin. T
      cells prepared by adherence and sheep erythrocyte rosettes synthesized
      appreciable quantities of colony stimulating activity, but after further
      depletion using a monoclonal antibody against monocytes, this synthesis was much
      reduced, and DNA synthesis abolished. It was possible to restore DNA synthesis by
      adding back small numbers of monocytes, without restoring the production of
      colony stimulating activity. Similarly, depleting monocytes from unfractionated
      mononuclear leucocytes with monoclonal antibody caused a marked reduction in the
      amount of colony stimulating activity generated. In contrast, depleting T-cells
      from whole mononuclear cells, or from a sheep cell rosette negative fraction, had
      little effect on colony stimulating activity production. Mononuclear leucocytes
      were also depleted of helper and suppressor T-cell subsets. Colony stimulating
      activity production following these procedures was highly variable, and no clear
      pattern emerged. We postulate that monocytes are the major source of the colony
      stimulating activity measured by our assay. We have failed to establish a clear
      role for T-lymphocytes in either producing or regulating colony stimulating
      activity, although the difficulties inherent in depletion experiments do not
      allow such a role to be excluded.

PMID- 3872762
TI  - Demonstration of therapeutic effect in a patient with myocardial bridge by
      exercise-myocardial SPECT imaging.

PMID- 3872763
TI  - Use of intraoperative radionuclide study and colonoscopy in gastrointestinal
      hemorrhage.
AB  - Tc-99m labeled red cell imaging is used in the diagnosis and localization of
      gastrointestinal hemorrhage. A patient in whom a preoperative scan was positive
      in the right paraumbilical region is discussed. Intraoperative Tc-99m labeled red
      cell imaging was used in conjunction with colonoscopy, and the site of active
      bleeding was found in the proximal transverse colon, which had been displaced
      downward because of adhesions.

PMID- 3872764
TI  - Four-year longitudinal study of mandibular dysfunction in children.
AB  - A longitudinal study of clinical signs and subjective symptoms of mandibular
      dysfunction was performed with a 4-yr interval in 119 children, now 11 and 15 yr
      old. The results showed that 66% in both age groups had clinical signs while 62
      and 66%, respectively, complained of subjective symptoms. In most cases the signs
      were mild, but 11% of the 11-yr-olds and 17% of the 15-yr-olds had moderate, or,
      in a few cases, severe signs of dysfunction. Most of the children with subjective
      symptoms had their symptoms occasionally but 3% in the younger and 11% in the
      older age group had frequent symptoms from the masticatory system. When
      comparisons were made with the findings 4 yr earlier, it was noted that the
      subjective symptoms had increased in frequency in the younger children, while the
      clinical signs had increased in both groups. These age differences, as well as
      the prevalence figures recorded longitudinally, agreed well with previous
      findings in cross-sectional investigations of different age groups.

PMID- 3872765
TI  - Periodontal disease, tooth loss, and oral hygiene among older Americans.
AB  - Recent research has suggested that susceptibility to destructive periodontal
      disease may not be as universal as was previously thought. This report analyzes
      data from a representative national sample of 11 338 American adults aged 25-74,
      examined in a national survey in 1971-74. Results showed that 46.1% of those aged
      65-74 were edentulous, but half of the dentate persons in that age group were
      diagnosed as free of destructive periodontal disease. Periodontal (PI) and oral
      hygiene (OHI-S) index scores in this group were significantly better in those
      persons who had lost fewest teeth. When persons aged 65-74 who retained 25 or
      more teeth were compared with younger adults who also had 25 or more teeth, OHI-S
      and CI scores were similar. It is hypothesized that maintenance of oral hygiene
      levels corresponding to OHI-S scores of 0.3-0.6, and calculus levels
      corresponding to CI scores of 0.1-0.2, is sufficient to maintain a dentition free
      of periodontal disease throughout life. Slightly higher OHI-S levels (0.7-1.3)
      and CI levels (0.3-0.6) might be compatible with acceptably low levels of
      periodontal disease.

PMID- 3872766
TI  - An epidemiological and sociological analysis of the use of alcohol, tobacco and
      other drugs of solace.

PMID- 3872767
TI  - Counting the cost of alcohol: gaps in epidemiological knowledge.

PMID- 3872768
TI  - A computerized tomographic analysis of the anatomy and pathological conditions of
      the posterior third ventricular region.
AB  - The normal anatomical boundaries of the posterior third ventricular region as
      delineated by CT findings are described. The characteristics CT findings in a
      diverse group of lesions which involve this region are analyzed.

PMID- 3872769
TI  - Cellulose membranes--time for a change?

PMID- 3872770
TI  - CAPD is a second-class treatment.

PMID- 3872771
TI  - Radiology of large transincisural masses.
AB  - A large, potentially resectable mass that crosses the tentorial incisura may
      present unique problems for the neurosurgeon. Fifteen patients with large
      transincisural extraaxial masses were reviewed. The computed tomography and
      angiography findings are discussed. The importance of altering the clinician to
      the presence of a transincisural mass and accompanying computed tomography and
      angiography findings are emphasized.

PMID- 3872772
TI  - Determinations of cerebral glucose utilization in dementia using positron
      emission tomography.

PMID- 3872773
TI  - Epidemiological aspects of dementia and considerations in planning services.

PMID- 3872774
TI  - The pulmonary complications of AIDS. Evaluating the tests.

PMID- 3872775
TI  - Perioperative Holter monitoring and computer analysis of dysrhythmias in cardiac
      surgery.
AB  - In order to increase the accuracy and efficiency of studying perioperative
      dysrhythmias, 52 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were fitted preoperatively
      with a Holter monitor adapted for intraoperative recording, and the preoperative,
      intraoperative and early postoperative cardiac electrical activities were
      classified with a digital computer. Forty patients underwent coronary artery
      bypass grafting (CABG), eight had valve replacements, and four had combined
      procedures. The results showed the following: (1) high incidence of various
      dysrhythmias occurring during anesthesia induction and thoracotomy prior to
      aortic cross-clamp; (2) high incidence of continued atrial activity during
      cardioplegia; (3) lack of correlation between peak serum CPK-MB levels and
      dysrhythmias; and (4) a higher overall incidence of dysrhythmias in valve
      patients. Adapting the Holter monitor technique for cardiac surgery can solve the
      problem of observer vigilance inherent to such a study using a human "monitor
      watcher," and facilitate the accurate analysis of the vast amount of data
      obtained. This is important in quantitating the electrophysiologic effects of
      various perioperative interventions, such as the anesthetic agents, beta
      blockers, calcium antagonists, and cardioplegic solutions.

PMID- 3872776
TI  - Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis complicating influenza A pneumonia in a
      previously healthy patient.
AB  - A rare occurrence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis complicates influenza
      pneumonia in a previously healthy adult. Five other similar cases are reported in
      the literature. Both transient depression of cell-mediated immunity and loss of
      ciliary function in the tracheobronchial tree occurs during acute influenzal
      illness and may predispose to fungal superinfection. Early diagnosis and
      treatment of opportunistic Aspergillus infection complicating influenza is
      mandatory in view of the high mortality associated with this complication.

PMID- 3872777
TI  - Serodiagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii.

PMID- 3872778
TI  - Divergent disk susceptibility of coagulase-negative staphylococci to
      penicillinase-resistant penicillins and augmentin (amoxycillin/clavulanic acid).
AB  - 30 representative intrinsically penicillin-resistant coagulase-negative
      staphylococcal (CONS) isolates yielded discrepant agar disk diffusion test (Bauer
      Kirby) results for augmentin. Clavulanic acid (2.5 micrograms/ml) enhanced the
      activity of amoxycillin from 8- to greater than or equal to 128-fold (mean = 26
      fold); MICs of amoxycillin (combined with 2.5 micrograms/ml clavulanate) ranged
      from 1-16 (mean = 3) micrograms/ml. It is recommended that clinical microbiology
      laboratories withhold 'susceptible' augmentin disk tests results from their
      reports regarding intrinsically penicillin-resistant CONS isolates. No such
      discrepancies were encountered among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 3872779
TI  - Comparative in vitro activity of ceftriaxone against clinical bacterial isolates
      in Nigeria.
AB  - The in vitro activity of ceftriaxone, a cephalosporin derivative, recently
      introduced in Nigeria was compared with the activities of other related beta
      lactam antibiotics such as cefotaxime, cefuroxime, cephaloridine,
      cloxacillin/ampicillin and ampicillin against 530 local clinical isolates of gram
      negative and gram-positive bacteria. The spectra of activity and potency of
      ceftriaxone and cefotaxime were generally similar against the Enterobacteriaceae,
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia spp., Streptococcus spp. and Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae, but less active against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus
      epidermidis when compared to cefotaxime. All the other beta-lactam antibiotics
      tested were less active than ceftriaxone. The action of ceftriaxone was
      bactericidal and the minimum inhibitory concentration values observed with R
      plasmid beta-lactamase mediated resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp.,
      Proteus spp. and N. gonorrhoeae strains did not exceed the maximum value obtained
      with the beta-lactamase-negative strains.

PMID- 3872780
TI  - Measurement of adenine uptake as an in vitro screen for antitrichomonal agents.
AB  - A semi-automated microdilution test was adapted for the in vitro testing of
      potential antitrichomonal agents. Washed cell suspensions of the pathogenic
      protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis were incubated in microtitration plates for 4 h
      at 37 degrees C in the presence radiolabelled adenine and serial dilutions of the
      test compounds. After automatic harvesting of the cells onto filter paper discs,
      the extent of adenine uptake was estimated by scintillation counting. From the
      dose-response data it was possible to quantify accurately and rapidly the
      antitrichomonal activity of a range of compounds based on the inhibition of
      adenine uptake.

PMID- 3872781
TI  - The clover-leaf test and inactivation of beta-lactam antibiotics by gram-negative
      rods.
AB  - The suitability of a very sensitive modification of the clover-leaf test as a
      test for inactivation of beta-lactam antibiotics by gram-negative rods was
      examined. 143 Enterobacteriaceae and 9 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were
      examined by the clover-leaf test and an antibiotic susceptibility test towards 12
      beta-lactam antibiotics. The beta-lactamase activity of the strains was also
      examined by a sensitive modification of the chromogenic cephalosporin test. The
      strains of P. aeruginosa could not be clover-leaf tested as they inhibited the
      indicator strains. All the Enterobacteriaceae which had beta-lactamase activity
      according to the chromogenic test inactivated at least 1 of the antibiotics in
      the clover-leaf test. None of the Enterobacteriaceae without beta-lactamase
      activity inactivated any of the antibiotics. On the whole the results of the
      clover-leaf test and the results of the susceptibility test correlated well. But
      many Enterobacteriaceae were susceptible to an antibiotic in the susceptibility
      test even though they inactivated it according to the clover-leaf test and some
      Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to an antibiotic but did not inactivate it.
      Among the Enterobacteriaceae which had beta-lactamase activity according to the
      chromogenic cephalosporin test and which were intermediately susceptible to an
      antibiotic in the susceptibility test, many did not inactivate this antibiotic
      according to the clover-leaf test. If an infection with Enterobacteriaceae has to
      be treated by a beta-lactam antibiotic to which the strain is only intermediately
      susceptible, it might be advantageous to use an antibiotic which is not
      inactivated by the strain according to the clover-leaf test, but this lacks
      clinical confirmation.

PMID- 3872782
TI  - [Aortoduodenal fistula following aortic replacement--cause of massive upper
      gastrointestinal hemorrhage].

PMID- 3872783
TI  - [Intraoperative angiographic localization of a hemorrhaging small intestine ulcer
      by dye injection].

PMID- 3872784
TI  - [Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasis (Osler disease): intestinal manifestation
      with mitral valve disease].

PMID- 3872785
TI  - [Auditory brain stem response and intracranial tumors].

PMID- 3872786
TI  - [Laurel allergy. Cause, effect and sequelae of the external application of a so
      called nature remedy].
AB  - Self-medication of rheumatic complaints in the upper arm, by one woman, and of a
      lipoma on the thigh, by another, with pure laurel oil caused within two weeks
      severe contact dermatitis and swellings far from the point of application.
      Sesquiterpene lactone, contained within laurel oil, proved to be the cause of the
      induced contact allergy. Since the acquired specific hypersensitivity of the
      eczema type is directed primarily against the alpha-methylene group of the
      lactone, cross-reactions were observed against a large number of other plans
      which are botanically unrelated but contain substances of a similar class. Those
      allergic to laurel oil should therefore avoid many cosmetics, articles of
      hygiene, foods, drinks and medicinal preparations which contain herbs, as well as
      gardening, certain cut flowers and perfumes, especially those of the family
      Compositae. The present trend "back to nature" makes further sensitizations
      against laurel oil likely. This would seem to justify the inclusion of these
      substances among the group of potentially harmful environmental and occupational
      products.

PMID- 3872788
TI  - On the blood-brain barrier to peptides: accumulation of labelled vasopressin,
      DesGlyNH2-vasopressin and oxytocin by brain regions.
AB  - After intracarotid injection of 125I-arginine vasopressin (AVP), 125I- or 3H
      lysine vasopressin (LVP), 3H-DesGlyNH2-arginine vasopressin (DGAVP), and 125I- or
      3H-oxytocin (OXT), the accumulation of radioactivity was determined in 13 to 18
      brain regions and anterior pituitary in rats. Calculated extraction by tight
      capillary regions amounts to about 1-2% independently of the peptide doses
      injected (4 X 10(-4) to 5 X 10(-9) mol-1). This indicates a low but measurable
      extraction of labelled peptides which furthermore is nonsaturable. Among brain
      regions with tight capillaries, the extraction does not vary obviously. Blood
      brain barrier (BBB)-free regions extract up to 30 fold more peptide than BBB
      protected regions and the extraction varies considerably between individual
      regions. Within BBB-free regions, the peptides passed the leaky capillary
      endothelium, but there is no evidence for a penetration to deeper layers of the
      brain. It is concluded that endogenous blood-borne peptides cannot pass brain
      barriers in physiologically significant amounts. This does not exclude a
      possibility that passive transport of minute but effective amounts might occur if
      high pharmacological amounts of peptides are injected peripherally. But, as
      shown, none of the peptides studied possesses properties that favour its passage
      across the BBB.

PMID- 3872787
TI  - [Severe Haemophilus influenzae diseases and the possibilities of their prevention
      in Finland].

PMID- 3872789
TI  - Strain differences in brain biogenic amines concentration in rats with different
      resistance to emotional stress.
AB  - Blood pressure and heart rate were measured under the conditions of prolonged
      emotional stress due to 30 h immobilization in rats of various strain: 1. Wistar;
      2. Veg (deviated from Wistar); 3. August; 4. Bastards. Some defined areas of
      brain from Wistar and August rats were dissected and used for the estimation of
      noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) content with the aid of spectrofluorimetric
      method. It was found that, among the animals of all strains used, different
      groups may be defined according to their resistance to cardiovascular changes due
      to emotional stress. Thus, the highest percentage of resistant animals was found
      among Wistar rats, while the lowest one occurred in August animals. Intact August
      rats differ from those of Wistar strain by a lower content of NA in hypothalamus
      and a higher content of DA in midbrain and isthmus. Sensitive animals of August
      strain showed an increase of DA content in hypothalamus and bulb compared to
      intact animals and a decrease of DA content compared to operated controls, while
      no such changes were observed in Wistar rats. However, sensitive Wistar rats
      showed an increase of DA content in midbrain.

PMID- 3872790
TI  - In vitro inhibition of testosterone biosynthesis by ketoconazole.
AB  - Oral ketoconazole has been demonstrated to lower plasma testosterone in man.
      Measurement of blood precursors of testosterone suggest that ketoconazole may
      have its effect inhibiting the 17,20-desmolase enzyme within the testis. To
      substantiate this, a series of in vitro experiments was conducted using the rat
      testis to determine where in the testosterone biosynthetic pathway ketoconazole
      has its effect. To accomplish this, an assay system to measure 17 alpha
      hydroxylase, 17,20-desmolase, and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities
      involved in the delta 4-testosterone biosynthetic pathway was developed. It was
      demonstrated from dose-response and time-course experiments that a dose of
      approximately 10 micrograms/ml ketoconazole was sufficient to inhibit in vitro
      testicular steroidogenesis. Using dosages between 10 and 300 micrograms/ml
      ketoconazole, a marked inhibition of both the 17 alpha-hydroxylase and the 17,20
      desmolase activities occurred. Ketoconazole under these conditions had no effect
      on 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Ketoconazole also inhibited the
      increased activity of these enzymes induced by hCG (1 IU). These data confirm the
      observation that in vitro ketoconazole has a direct inhibitory effect on 17,20
      desmolase activity. These results further suggest that ketoconazole has more than
      one site of action in inhibiting testosterone biosynthesis in the testis and may
      indeed be a suitable agent for the treatment of patients with disseminated
      prostate cancer.

PMID- 3872791
TI  - Inhibition of thymidine incorporation in primary rat hepatocytes by porcine
      pancreatic polypeptide.
AB  - The concentration of pancreatic polypeptide (PP), a peptide released by meal
      ingestion, was suppressed in obese mice and in humans, and earlier studies have
      suggested a metabolic function of PP in adipocytes and liver. These observations
      have prompted the examination of the metabolic role of PP in rat hepatocytes.
      These studies have examined the role of porcine PP in the control of [3H]
      thymidine incorporation in adult rat hepatocytes maintained in the presence of
      insulin, glucagon and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Upon long-term exposure of
      cultured hepatocytes to porcine PP, basal (insulin and glucagon-maintained cells)
      and EGF-stimulated [3H]-thymidine incorporation were inhibited. Basal
      incorporation was inhibited with an ED50 of 23 pM. Thus, the long-term PP
      function may be suppression of stimulated thymidine incorporation and cellular
      replication.

PMID- 3872792
TI  - The message of "rheumatism": a symptom of leprosy in pregnancy and lactation.

PMID- 3872793
TI  - Interpretive criteria for temocillin disk diffusion susceptibility testing.
AB  - The susceptibility of 677 clinical bacterial isolates to temocillin was
      determined by broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods for the purpose of
      evaluating disks with three different temocillin concentrations and determining
      the temocillin disk diffusion interpretive criteria. The 60 microgram temocillin
      disk provided the highest interpretive accuracy (96.2%), although the 30
      microgram disk differed by having only three (1.2%) additional minor interpretive
      errors. Based on available temocillin pharmacokinetics and recommended dosage
      schedules, the minimum inhibitory concentration breakpoints chosen were: greater
      than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml = resistant and less than or equal to 16
      micrograms/ml = susceptible. The corresponding disk diffusion zone diameter
      breakpoints for the 60 microgram disk were less than or equal to 17 mm and
      greater than or equal to 21 mm; zone diameters of 18-20 mm were considered
      intermediate. For the 30 microgram disk these were less than or equal to 15 mm,
      greater than or equal to 19 mm and 16-18 mm respectively.

PMID- 3872794
TI  - Evidence for nonspecific induction of beta-lactamase in overproducing variants of
      Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii.
AB  - Induction of chromosomally mediated beta-lactamases was studied in clinical
      isolates of Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii. Whereas isolates
      resistant to ampicillin and cefoxitin exhibited an inducible enzyme, those
      sensitive to both agents did not. Cefoxitin and above all imipenem proved the
      most efficacious enzyme inducers. Variants among these inducible isolates which
      produced large amounts of beta-lactamase could be selected in the presence of
      cefamandole. In each of these selected variants constitutive enzyme production
      was markedly enhanced by induction, even with compounds lacking induction potency
      for the corresponding wild strains. Moreover, these variants could also be
      induced non-specifically, i.e. by non-beta-lactam compounds. Production of large
      amounts of enzyme was associated with resistance to all available beta-lactam
      compounds.

PMID- 3872795
TI  - Interaction of fibronectin with C1q and collagen. Effects of ionic strength and
      denaturation of the collagenous component.
AB  - By attaching native collagen and C1q to Sepharose, it was possible to test the
      binding of fibronectin (Fn) to the native and heat-denatured forms of these
      proteins without complications due to aggregation, precipitation, or fibril
      formation. Binding to the native proteins occurred only at low (sub
      physiological) ionic strength whereas binding to the denatured proteins occurred
      even in 1 M NaCl. Thus both of these proteins possess one or more strong sites
      which are masked in the native state and become exposed during thermal
      denaturation. Fn did not bind to albumin-Sepharose or IgG-Sepharose either before
      or after heat-denaturation. C1q bound readily to native IgG-Sepharose but did not
      mediate the binding of Fn. Nor did Fn inhibit the reconstitution of C1 on
      antibody-coated erythrocytes. The fluorescence polarization of fluorescein
      labeled collagen in 1 M NaCl displayed a downward transition at 38-40 degrees C
      consistent with unfolding of the triple helix. In the presence of Fn, the same
      material displayed an upward transition at slightly lower temperature suggesting
      that gross unfolding is not required to expose the strong binding site(s).

PMID- 3872796
TI  - Familial occurrence of dermatomyositis and progressive scleroderma after
      injection of a local anaesthetic for dental treatment.
AB  - In an 11-year-old boy severe dermatomyositis occurred a few days after injection
      in the jaw of a local anaesthetic of the amide type for tooth extraction. The
      patient's grandmother was affected by progressive scleroderma at the age of 34
      years, also after injection of a local anaesthetic for dental treatment. Both
      cases are discussed with special reference to the immuno-genetic aspects of the
      origin of dermatomyositis.

PMID- 3872797
TI  - Hypertension in a neonate with 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency.
AB  - A female newborn infant with ambiguous genitalia was found to have hypertension
      (121/82 mm Hg) immediately after birth. The plasma testosterone (T) (0.73
      nmol/l), delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4-A) (5.9 nmol/l), dehydroepiandrosterone
      (DHEA) (8.9 nmol/l), as well as 17 OH-hydroxyprogesterone (17 OHP) (152 nmol/l)
      were elevated. The diagnosis of 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency was finally
      established on the basis of elevated plasma eleven-deoxycortisol (compound S)
      (greater than 0.6 mumol/l) and confirmed by the normalisation of the blood
      pressure during hydrocortisone therapy. Our case is probably the youngest patient
      with 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency in whom the hypertension was found at birth.

PMID- 3872798
TI  - [The Hamburg Rating Scale for psychiatric disorders following heart operations
      (HRPD)].
AB  - A brief psychiatric inventory has been developed from the AMP/AMDP system for the
      assessment and classification of psychic disturbances after open heart surgery in
      a random sample of 99 patients operated upon. By means of item analysis in
      accordance with classic test theory, a list of 36 symptoms (items) was selected.
      Factor analysis of this brief inventory resulted in eight factors:
      disorientation, impaired concentration and thinking, paranoid-hallucinatory
      symptoms, anxiety, sullen inadequacy (restraint depression), hostility, loss of
      control, giving up. By cluster analysis the sample was divided into six
      subgroups: "unnoticeable", "rather unnoticeable", "slight psycho-organic symptoms
      with affective-emotional disturbances", "severe psycho-organic symptoms with loss
      of control", "hostility with paranoid and hallucinatory and psycho-organic
      symptoms", "delirious symptoms". Some results agree well with the descriptions of
      syndromes given by other AMP/AMDP reports. Other divergent results probably
      reflect the particular situation of the patients after open heart surgery.

PMID- 3872799
TI  - Mice varying in resistance to African trypanosomiasis respond differently to
      treatments with variant surface glycoprotein.
AB  - A comparative analysis of responses between resistant and susceptible hosts
      revealed that DBA/2 mice, after treatment with variant surface coat glycoprotein
      (VSG) from virulent or avirulent African trypanosomes, developed splenomegaly as
      the result of a near-doubling of the splenic cell population, had less polyclonal
      activation of B cells and were protected upon challenge with homologous
      trypanosomes. The susceptible C3H/Anf and C3H/HeJ mice on the other hand
      increased their splenic cell population by only 12%, had about twice the
      production of unelicited antibodies and were not immunized by the VSG treatments.
      This indicated that (a) proliferation of spleen cells during African
      trypanosomiasis may reflect an attempt to generate a specific and protective
      immune response and is not merely the result of polyclonal activation of
      lymphocytes; (b) production of unelicited antibodies is not merely a "bystander
      reaction" to the generation of antigen-specific responses; and (c) polyclonal
      antibody production in response to VSG is not linked to the LPS gene. Nonspecific
      immunosuppression as measured in mitogen assays was not elicited by VSG in either
      resistant or susceptible mice, indicating that polyclonal lymphocyte activation
      and nonspecific immunosuppression are unlinked phenomena. Mice injected with VSG
      from either virulent or avirulent isolates at levels normally encountered by
      hosts during severe, acute infection developed the same degree of splenomegaly
      and production of unelicited (polyclonal) antibodies. Therefore, any differences
      in polyclonal activation of lymphocytes measured between mice with acute vs.
      chronic African trypanosomiasis can be attributed to quantitative and not
      qualitative differences in VSG.

PMID- 3872801
TI  - Enumeration of lymphocyte-target cell conjugates by cytofluorometry.
AB  - Using fluorescein-labeled effector lymphocytes and tetramethyl rhodamine-labeled
      target cells a cytofluorometric method is described for the detection and
      quantification of lymphocyte-target cell cluster (conjugate) formation.
      Conjugation levels measured by cytofluorography correspond well with those scored
      microscopically. The method has so far been used successfully to monitor
      conjugate formation by specifically sensitized cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). In
      preliminary experiments it has been applied to nonspecific, lectin concanavalin A
      dependent conjugate formation by CTL, as well as to conjugates formed by
      hybridoma CTL. The procedure has potential application in other cell-cell
      interactions, relevant to immunology as well as to cell biology.

PMID- 3872800
TI  - Induction of proliferative and cytotoxic responses in resting Lyt-2+ T cells with
      lectin and recombinant interleukin 2.
AB  - The lectin leucoagglutinin has been used to induce reactivity to interleukin 2
      (IL2) in unseparated spleen cells and in highly purified Lyt-2+ lymph node T
      cells. Recombinant human IL2 and various other IL2-containing preparations,
      including concanavalin A-induced spleen cell supernatant, were compared for their
      capacity to support DNA synthesis and cytotoxic activity. In contrast to
      published reports, we found that the capacity of all preparations tested was
      identical in both functional assays, if they were adjusted to the same IL2 titer.
      Our inability to detect a requirement for an externally added cytotoxic T cell
      differentiation factor could either mean that IL2 is sufficient for the promotion
      of both proliferation and differentiation in leucoagglutinin-activated resting
      cytotoxic T cell precursors, or that under our experimental conditions, T cell
      differentiation factor is endogenously produced by Lyt-2+ T cells.

PMID- 3872802
TI  - Clonal specificity of concanavalin A-induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
AB  - The specificity of polyclonally induced cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors
      has been analyzed under clonal conditions. Primary clones of concanavalin A
      inducible CTL, if tested on different targets, revealed that they could
      distinguish between (a) two different allogeneic tumor targets; (b) allogeneic
      and syngeneic tumor targets, and (c) syngeneic B blasts and tumor targets. No
      "nonspecific" CTL clones were generated under these culture conditions, and all
      clones were found to display classical immunological specificity.

PMID- 3872803
TI  - Electrochemical, pharmacological and electrophysiological evidence of rapid
      dopamine release and removal in the rat caudate nucleus following electrical
      stimulation of the median forebrain bundle.
AB  - Fast cyclic voltammetry was used to monitor the release of electroactive material
      in the striatum following electrical stimulation of the median forebrain bundle.
      The released material was shown to be dopamine by electrochemical,
      pharmacological and neurophysiological means. The material gave a voltammogram
      identical to that of iontophoretically applied dopamine but not DOPAC. Release
      was increased by L-DOPA, the metabolic precursor of dopamine. NSD 1015, an
      inhibitor of dopa decarboxylase, and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, a tyrosine
      hydroxylase inhibitor decreased release. Reserpine, which disrupts vesicular
      dopamine storage, abolished release. Parachlorophenylalanine, a tryptophan
      hydroxylase inhibitor, had no effect. Finally, square wave stimulation was only
      effective when pulses longer than 0.5 ms were used. This indicated stimulation of
      very fine unmyelinated fibres, consistent with the known morphology of
      nigrostriatal dopamine fibres.

PMID- 3872804
TI  - Inhibition by antiserum to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) of prolactin
      secretion induced by serotonin in the rat.
AB  - Intraventricular (i.c.v.) injection of serotonin (5HT) or intravenous (i.v.)
      injection of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP), a precursor of 5HT, raised plasma
      prolactin (PRL) levels in urethane-anesthetized rats pretreated with normal
      rabbit serum. When the animals were injected i.c.v. or i.v. with specific anti
      VIP rabbit serum, the plasma PRL responses to 5HT and 5HTP were blunted. These
      findings suggest that hypothalamic VIP is involved, at least in part, in PRL
      secretion induced by central serotonergic stimulation in the rat.

PMID- 3872805
TI  - Interaction of 3-deaza-adenosine, a phospholipid methyltransferase inhibitor, on
      the production of pluripoietins from human peripheral T cells.
AB  - The formation of mixed colonies is dependent upon the addition of leucocyte
      conditioned medium prepared with the mitogenic lectin phytohemagglutinin (PHA).
      The activation of peripheral T cells by PHA revealed an increase in methylated
      phospholipids and subsequently led to the release of stimulatory activities into
      the media. Stimulatory activities supporting mixed colony formation could not be
      detected when peripheral T cells were preincubated with the methyltransferase
      inhibitor 3-deaza-adenosine for 60 min before PHA stimulation. The addition of 3
      deaza-adenosine to the culture at day 0 demonstrated no inhibitory effect on
      multilineage colony formation. The data suggest that the activation of human
      peripheral T cells from healthy volunteers by the mitogenic lectin PHA causes an
      increase in methylated phospholipids and might be an important signal for the
      mitogenesis of T-lymphocytes, which subsequently lead to the production of
      stimulatory activities promoting the growth of pluripotent stem cells.

PMID- 3872806
TI  - Visual and vestibular contributions to pitch sway stabilization in the ankle
      muscles of normals and patients with bilateral peripheral vestibular deficits.
AB  - Vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive influences on muscle activity correcting
      for backwards body tilt were investigated in normals and patients with bilateral
      peripheral vestibular deficits. Body tilt was induced by a dorsi-flexion rotation
      of the feet about the ankle joints while the subject stood on a force measuring
      platform. Ankle muscle activity and torque were monitored as upright stance was
      reestablished, and correlated with head angular accelerations and neck muscle
      activity. In normals with eyes closed, soleus stretch reflex activity at 50-80 ms
      was followed by two bursts of tibialis anterior (TA) EMG activity at ca 80 and
      125 ms from the onset of 36 deg/s, 3 deg amplitude platform rotations. Neck
      muscle activity rotated the head backwards at the same time as TA activity
      rotated the body forwards about the ankle joints. Under the influence of vision,
      i.e. eyes open, slight increases in the second burst of TA activity, and ankle
      torque were observed. When the subjects sat, and were instructed to activate TA
      rapidly on onset of the platform movement, TA EMG activity increased gradually at
      ca. 150 ms and not as a burst. In patients with long-lasting bilateral vestibular
      deficits, both bursts of TA activity were significantly less than normal with
      eyes closed. Consequently sway correcting torques were abnormally low and all but
      one of the patients fell over backwards. With eyes open, TA activity was slightly
      less than, and ankle torques were approximately equal to normal values. In
      contrast to normals, TA responses obtained in standing and sitting positions were
      not significantly different. Neck EMG activity varied from normal, consisting of
      a long burst 100 ms in duration. The present data indicate that a coordinated
      pattern of ankle, and neck muscle activity occurs during the first 150 ms
      following induced backward tilt. Ankle muscle activity corrects for the body
      sway, and neck muscle activity attempts to stabilise the head with respect to
      earth fixed coordinates. It is proposed that the vestibulo-spinal reflex system
      predominantly underlies the genesis and coordination of this muscle activity.

PMID- 3872807
TI  - Stimulation of the periaqueductal gray subdues sensitized pain in morphine- and
      meperidine-dependent rats.
AB  - Because increased tolerance of narcotics is marked by progressive deactivation of
      the descending antinociceptive system, a question was raised whether stimulation
      of the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) would have any electroanalgetic effect in
      animals adapted to increasing doses of narcotics. The daily dose of morphine (10
      mg/kg) administered to rats was increased on alternate days by 10 mg/kg to 100
      mg/kg/day. To another group, the daily dose of meperidine was increased from 15
      mg/kg by 15 mg/kg to 150 mg/kg/day. Electrophysiological experiments were
      conducted under chloralose and urethane anesthesia 16 h after the last injection
      of morphine or meperidine. Spike potentials evoked from individual neurons of the
      nucleus ventralis posterolateralis by single-pulse stimulation of the sciatic
      nerve were accumulated in poststimulus time histograms. For nociceptive neurons
      the histograms were characterized by a short-latency activity peak and at least
      two late (270 and 420 ms) peaks. For non-nociceptive neurons the histograms had
      no late activity peaks. In control rats, stimulation of the PAG (400 ms at 70/s)
      prior to each sciatic nerve pulse reorganized the late activity peaks of the
      nociceptive neurons: a single late peak occurred during the 280 to 400 ms
      poststimulus interval, indicating suppression of pain by electroanalgesia. In
      rats adapted to morphine or meperidine, intracarotid infusion of naloxone lowered
      the nociceptive threshold. Stimulation of the PAG reorganized the late peaks but
      only if the sciatic nerve stimulation was not increased. At the voltage used to
      stimulate the sciatic nerve in control animals, two separate late peaks appeared,
      which were subdued by PAG stimulation after intracarotid infusion of 5
      hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). These results affirmed previous findings that
      electroanalgesia is induced by activity in an ascending and a descending pathway,
      both originating from the PAG. Since the function of the descending pathway is
      impaired by repeated administration of narcotics, only the pathway ascending to
      the somesthetic thalamus can be activated to mask pain, unless 5-HTP is injected.
      The latter renews the functional capacity of the descending pathway and thus
      reinstates the full capacity of electroanalgesia.

PMID- 3872808
TI  - Rate of tryptophan hydroxylation in vivo in brain nuclei of genetically
      hypertensive rats of the Lyon strain.
AB  - The rate of tryptophan hydroxylation in vivo is unaltered in brain areas of 5, 9
      and 21 week-old Lyon genetically Hypertensive (LH) rats as compared to both Lyon
      Normotensive (LN) and Low Blood Pressure (LL) rats, except for a decrease in the
      C1 area of the medulla oblongata in 9 week-old animals.

PMID- 3872809
TI  - Granulocytosis induced in vivo by a mouse marrow stromal cell line, BMA1, which
      produces colony stimulating factor.
AB  - Nude mice were inoculated with BMA1 cells. These are cells which produce
      granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF); They are derived from
      mouse bone marrow stromal cells transfected with adenovirus 5 DNA. Progressive
      neutrophilia developed as the tumor grew, but disappeared quickly after local
      tumor excision. Media conditioned with tumor cells had GM-CSF but neither
      erythropoietin nor burst-promoting activity. In all the tumors which developed,
      focal areas of bone formation were found among fibrosarcomatous tissues.

PMID- 3872810
TI  - Human Z alpha 1-antitrypsin accumulates intracellularly and stimulates lysosomal
      activity when synthesised in the Xenopus oocyte.
AB  - Microinjection of human liver mRNA from a patient homozygous for alpha 1
      antitrypsin deficiency (PiZZ) into Xenopus oocytes led to a 2--10-fold increase
      in lysosomal activity. Stimulation of lysosomal activity was not observed when
      mRNA from a normal human liver (alpha 1-antitrypsin PiMM), or water was injected
      into the oocyte. This lysosomal activity was oocyte derived and was not due to
      translation products of the human liver mRNA. Thus a protein that accumulates
      intracellularly in the secretory pathway is capable of stimulating lysosomal
      activity.

PMID- 3872811
TI  - Further insight into the mode of action of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl
      1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP).
AB  - Chemical reactions of MPDP+, a recognized intermediate in the metabolic
      conversion of the neurotoxin MPTP by monoamine oxidase B into its major
      metabolite MPP+, were studied. Addition of cyanide to MPDP+ bromide in aqueous
      solutions afforded cyano-compound 5 which isomerized in the presence of silica
      gel into compound 6. Both 5 and 6 when heated yielded a third isomer 7. MPDP+
      bromide disproportionated into MPTP and MPP+ in aqueous solution near neutral or
      slightly alkaline pH, a reaction which also occurred when MPDP+ bromide was
      treated with an amine in dichloromethane solution. Disproportionation of MPDP+ at
      physiological pH may be of biochemical significance, since formation of MPP+ from
      MPDP+ can occur non-enzymatically. MPTP, MPDP+, and MPP+ inhibited dopamine
      uptake in rat synaptosomal preparations with I50 values of 30, 37, and 3.4
      microM, respectively. The competition of these compounds with dopamine for uptake
      sites in the membrane may contribute in part to the reduced levels of dopamine
      observed in animals treated with MPTP.

PMID- 3872812
TI  - Effect of various excitatory agonists on the secretion of 5-hydroxytryptamine
      from permeabilised human platelets induced by Ca2+ in the presence or absence of
      GTP.
AB  - Addition of GTP markedly enhances the ability of thrombin to cause a leftward
      shift in the Ca2+ dose/response curve for 5-hydroxytryptamine secretion from
      permeabilised human platelets. Little effect is observed on addition of GTP in
      the absence of thrombin. Neither ADP nor adrenaline, in the presence or absence
      of GTP, causes such a shift, whereas 5-hydroxytryptamine does so to a small
      extent but only in the presence of GTP. The leftward shift in the Ca2+
      dose/response curve induced by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate or 1-oleyl-2
      acetylglycerol is not enhanced by addition of GTP. The thrombin concentration
      required for half-maximal enhancement of the response to Ca2+ is markedly reduced
      by addition of GTP. The results support the postulate that the effects of
      excitatory agonists in this system correlate with their ability to activate
      phospholipase C and provide further evidence for a role for GTP in signal
      transduction between the receptor and phospholipase C.

PMID- 3872814
TI  - Idiotype regulation: a model for B cell tolerance.
AB  - Immunological tolerance represents an individual's nonresponsiveness to self
      antigens or foreign antigens. Inasmuch as the mechanism of self-nonself
      discrimination tolerance is unknown, it remains an area of active investigation
      because of its implied involvement in certain immune disorders. In this paper we
      discuss neonatal idiotype suppression and internal idiotope vaccination as models
      for B cell tolerance. The results demonstrate opposite aspects of idiotope
      regulation. Neonatal idiotype suppression represents an anti-idiotype-induced
      establishment of tolerance, whereas an internal antigen vaccine overcomes an
      established tolerance to self-antigens. New views on the functional importance of
      idiotype self-tolerance are discussed.

PMID- 3872813
TI  - Comparison of tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins by membrane fractions from
      mouse liver, Ehrlich ascites tumor and MH134 hepatoma.
AB  - When membrane fractions from mouse liver, Ehrlich ascites tumor and MH134
      hepatoma were incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP at 0 degree C in the presence of
      MnCl2, ZnCl2 and NaVO3, proteins were phosphorylated on tyrosines to a larger
      extent in liver membranes than in tumor membranes. Separation of labelled
      proteins by SDS-gel electrophoresis showed phosphorylated alkali-resistant bands
      of 170, 140, 130, 80, 56, 53 and 46 kDa proteins in Ehrlich ascites tumor
      membranes; liver membranes exhibited more strongly phosphorylated bands of 170,
      56, 53 and 46 kDa proteins. Epidermal growth factor stimulated the tyrosine
      phosphorylation of only a 170 kDa protein, which was more significant in liver
      membranes. Liver membranes exhibited slightly higher levels of tyrosine protein
      kinase activity compared to tumor membranes.

PMID- 3872815
TI  - The signal for tolerance in B cells is not transmitted through antigen-specific
      immunoglobulin receptors.
AB  - Studies of B cell tolerance at the single-cell level require a ready source of
      antigen-specific B cells that are uncontaminated by T cells or accessory cells.
      We have isolated normal dinitrophenyl (DNP)-specific B cells from spleens of
      unprimed mice and propagated these cells in vitro. These B cells are
      uncontaminated by T cells or macrophages. Long-term cultures of these cell lines
      contain pre-B cells that are surface (s) IgM-, B cells with sIgM alone, and more
      mature B cells with sIgM, sIgD, and Ia antigens. Using the cell line lymphocytes
      we have shown that the early binding of the tolerogenic form of hapten to B cell
      receptor on mature B cells induces the same activation signal as antigen, and the
      negative signal induced by tolerogen occurs after B cell activation. Exposure of
      maturing B cells to DNP bound to murine IgG2a (MGG) for 30 days does not inhibit
      growth or receptor expression, but does induce tolerance that is reversible when
      DNP-MGG is removed. A 45-day exposure to DNP-MGG also induces a reversible
      tolerance.

PMID- 3872816
TI  - Cesarean section and subsequent fertility: results from the 1982 National Survey
      of Family Growth.
AB  - The purpose of this article was to examine the question of fertility after a
      cesarean section. The study design is that of a retrospective cohort study with
      matched pairs, using the cross-sectional interview data of the 1982 National
      Survey of Family Growth. The subsequent fertility of 406 women who had had their
      first delivery by cesarean section is compared with that of 406 matched control
      women. Using any of several measures, women who had had a cesarean section had
      lower fertility. The difference in fertility seemed to result largely from
      difficulties in having children after a cesarean section, rather than lessened
      desire for children. Sterilizations were more frequent and performed earlier
      among women who had had a cesarean section than among the control women.

PMID- 3872818
TI  - [Pregnancy in a patient with immotile cilia syndrome (Kartagener syndrome)].
AB  - Pregnancy and labour of a patient with immotile cilia syndrome (ICS) prompted us
      to study recent literature on this subject. We were especially interested in the
      consequences of ICS on female fertility.

PMID- 3872819
TI  - In vitro estradiol synthesis and secretion by tadpole ovaries of different
      developmental stages.
AB  - The tadpole ovaries at TK stage XIX can synthesize and secrete estradiol (E2),
      yet it is unknown when this ovarian function starts and how it develops. To this
      end, the present work has been carried out. The ovaries of different
      developmental stages of tadpoles and young frogs of Rana catesbeiana were taken,
      cut into small pieces, and incubated for 6 hr at 20 degrees in Krebs-Ringer
      bicarbonate buffer. The media were then analyzed for E2 by radioimmunoassay. The
      results indicate that the tadpoles synthesize and release E2 as early as stage X,
      that E2 increases slowly and gradually through stage XXV, and that E2 increases
      rapidly in juvenile frogs. This trend of growth of the ovarian function in
      estradiol secretion in vitro is in accordance with that reported for female chick
      embryos. There exists the possibility that the growth of E2 secretion could be
      biphasic, one with slow increment of autonomous E2 secretion at early stages and
      the other with quick increase due to pituitary stimulation at the stage of
      metamorphic climax.

PMID- 3872820
TI  - [Immunologic characteristics of cataracts in persons having occupational contacts
      with sources of ionizing radiation].

PMID- 3872817
TI  - The clinical relevance of classes of immunoglobulins on spermatozoa from
      infertile and vasovasostomized males.
AB  - Following reversal of vasectomy, conceptions occur even when antisperm antibodies
      are present in the seminal plasma, but this is most unusual in men with similar
      titers of such antibodies who are spontaneously infertile. To clarify the
      differences between antisperm antibodies occurring in infertile men and those
      associated with vasectomy reversal, we have studied 23 spontaneously infertile
      men and 22 men who underwent vasectomy reversal, all of whom had antisperm
      antibodies detected in seminal plasma by the same tray agglutination test. The
      class of antibody on spermatozoa was defined by a double-antibody technique using
      diluted rabbit anti-human IgG, IgM, or IgA or secretory component, followed,
      after washing, by 125I-labeled donkey anti-rabbit Ig. The results have shown that
      similar amounts of IgG and IgM were present on the spermatozoa, but infertile men
      had significantly more IgA and especially more secretory component than men who
      underwent vasectomy reversal. This was associated with significantly greater
      impairment of penetration of cervical mucus in the former group. It appears that
      the type of antibody on the spermatozoa may vary according to the stimulus for
      its production.

PMID- 3872821
TI  - [Technic for an aortocoronary bypass operation on 3 to 5 coronary arteries].

PMID- 3872822
TI  - [Antiallergic effect of oral calcium. A clinico-experimental study].

PMID- 3872823
TI  - [Animal experiments with pirprofen].

PMID- 3872824
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of pirprofen].

PMID- 3872825
TI  - [Treatment of chronic polyarthritis with pirprofen or indomethacin.
      Interindividual double-blind trial].

PMID- 3872826
TI  - [Pirprofen in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. A 3-week open trial].

PMID- 3872827
TI  - [Pirprofen in patients with arthrosis. Double-blind study versus indomethacin].

PMID- 3872828
TI  - [Initial therapy of activated coxarthrosis and gonarthrosis using pirprofen.
      Double-blind study versus indomethacin].

PMID- 3872829
TI  - [Symptomatic long-term therapy of polyarthritis using pirprofen].

PMID- 3872831
TI  - [The treatment of humeroscapular periarthritis with pirprofen. Interindividual
      double-blind study with ambulatory patients].

PMID- 3872830
TI  - [Treatment of radicular compression syndrome. An open comparative study with
      pirprofen and a metamizole-vitamin B complex].

PMID- 3872832
TI  - [Treatment of extra-articular rheumatism. Double-blind study with pirprofen and
      indomethacin].

PMID- 3872833
TI  - [Arresting an acute attack of gout. Open pilot study in 98 patients].

PMID- 3872834
TI  - [A study on interactions between pirprofen and phenprocoumon].

PMID- 3872835
TI  - Comparative haemodynamic effects of nicardipine and verapamil in coronary artery
      disease.
AB  - The haemodynamic relevance of the disparate electrophysiological and structural
      differences between agents blocking the slow-calcium channels in patients with
      exercise-induced angina pectoris is controversial. We therefore evaluated the
      effects of single intravenous and equivalent hypotensive doses of nicardipine
      (7.5 mg) or verapamil (16 mg) in a randomized single-blind study of 30 patients
      with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. The randomization
      process achieved comparable distribution of 15 patients with similar demographic
      data and cardiac function to each drug. Patients were evaluated at rest and
      during four minutes upright bicycle exercise at an individually titrated symptom
      limited load in both control and post-drug assessments; the reproducibility of
      the haemodynamics during such tests has been previously demonstrated. Both
      nicardipine and verapamil induced similar reductions in systemic mean arterial
      blood pressure and vascular resistance; the reduction in afterload resulted in
      increased resting cardiac index and stroke volume index on each agent. The
      magnitude of the former increase was greater following nicardipine (p less than
      0.05). The pulmonary artery occluded pressure (PAOP) increased following
      verapamil (p less than 0.01) without change following nicardipine. During dynamic
      exercise, neither drug improved cardiac stroke volume index, the PAOP was
      significantly higher following verapamil compared with nicardipine (p less than
      0.05). Analysis of the cardiac performance curve demonstrated its significant
      depression following verapamil but not following nicardipine. Thus clear
      haemodynamic advantages were present, both at rest and during exercise-induced
      angina, for nicardipine; whether such haemodynamic effects will be reflected in
      symptomatic terms should be critically evaluated.

PMID- 3872836
TI  - Carprofen and the therapy of gastroduodenal ulcerations by ranitidine.
AB  - The effects of the addition of carprofen (Roche), a new nonsteroidal
      antiinflammatory agent, to regular 4-5 week ranitidine (300 mg/day) therapy on
      gastric secretion, serum gastrin level and ulcer healing, have been examined in
      15 gastric ulcer (GU) and 60 duodenal ulcer (DU) patients. Carprofen at a
      therapeutic dose (300 mg/day) was well tolerated by both GU and DU patients and
      did not give rise to any major adverse effects. In an open trial on 15 GU (all
      receiving carprofen), complete endoscopic ulcer healing was found in 9 patients
      after 3 weeks and in 6 others after 5 weeks of treatment. In a double blind,
      placebo controlled trial on 60 DU (30 receiving carprofen and 30 receiving
      placebo), complete ulcer healing was seen after 2 weeks in 23 on carprofen and 22
      on placebo, and after 4 weeks in all tested patients. Pentagastrin-induced
      maximal acid secretion examined 24 h after the last dose of treatment was
      significantly reduced in DU, but not in GU, patients, and was accompanied by a
      significant rise in plasma gastrin levels. No change in gastric histology was
      observed in any patient tested. This study provides evidence that carprofen added
      to antiulcer ranitidine therapy shows excellent gastrointestinal tolerance, and
      does not interfere with ulcer healing; it is, therefore, recommended in the
      treatment of arthritic patients with peptic ulcer disease.

PMID- 3872837
TI  - Constrictive calcific pericarditis following coronary arterial bypass surgery.
AB  - A case of postsurgical constrictive calcific pericarditis is reported. The
      unusual features of this case are the short interval (two months) from surgery to
      the development of pericarditis and the involvement of the coronary arterial
      grafts, resulting in tearing of the vessels and the death of the patient during
      decortication.

PMID- 3872838
TI  - Human B cell proliferation is stimulated by interleukin 2.
AB  - The proliferation of human B cells was studied for response to interleukin 2 (IL
      2) produced in Escherichia coli using recombinant DNA technology. The IL-2 was
      found to be an homogenous preparation by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting using the anti-IL-2 monoclonal
      antibody DMS-1. IL-2 was found to stimulate B cell proliferation. Activation of
      the B cells using anti-IgM antibodies increased this response. Resting T cells
      from the same donors were found to be less reactive to IL-2. The results suggest
      that human B cell proliferation can be stimulated by IL-2 alone.

PMID- 3872839
TI  - Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in athymic rats: specific IgE response to
      retinal S-antigen and disease.
AB  - Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) is an ocular autoimmune disease
      induced in rats by immunization with retinal S-antigen. Athymic nude rats
      (rnu/rnu) have been previously shown to be refractory to EAU induction and
      antibody production to S-antigen, while heterozygous (rnu/+) are good responders.
      Increasing the antigen dose and adding pertussis adjuvant produced ocular disease
      in some nude rats, and antibody response in most of them. Specific IgE antibodies
      were demonstrated by ELI-SA only in the serum of nude rats presenting the
      disease. However, most immunized nude rats had evidence of mast cell
      sensitization to S-antigen (direct degranulation test) and of circulating
      specific IgE detected by passive sensitization of normal mast cells (indirect
      degranulation test). This positive response could be explained by an incomplete
      depletion of the different T lymphocyte subsets.

PMID- 3872840
TI  - Inhibition by cyclosporin A of IgE production and cyclophosphamide-induced
      eosinophilia in rats immunized with non-parasite antigens.
AB  - Administration of cyclosporin A (CS-A; 25 mg/kg daily) to rats from the time of
      immunization with ovalbumin (OVA) in complete Freund's adjuvant abolished the
      production of anti-OVA antibodies, including IgE. Cyclophosphamide (Cy; 150
      mg/kg) given 2 days before immunization also inhibited specific antibody
      production but at the same time induced a striking eosinophilia. Combined
      administration of both drugs resulted in the inhibition by CS-A of the Cy-induced
      eosinophilia. The results suggest that IgE synthesis and eosinophil proliferation
      may be under the control of separate T cell subsets. This rat model may prove
      useful in studies on the regulation of eosinophil production and the role of
      these cells in disease processes.

PMID- 3872841
TI  - Genes regulating HLA class I antigen expression in T-B lymphoblast hybrids.
AB  - Regulation of HLA class I and class II antigen expression was studied in hybrids
      of human T and B lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). The T-LCL CEMR.3 expresses no
      HLA class II antigens. It expresses little total HLA class I antigen and no HLA-B
      antigens. The B-LCL 721.174 is a radiation-induced variant immunoselected for
      loss of class II antigen expression. In addition to showing a deletion of all HLA
      DR and DQ structural genes, 721.174 expresses no HLA-B antigens and a decreased
      level of HLA-A antigen compared with the parental cell line. A hybrid of 721.174
      and CEMR.3 expresses class II antigens encoded by CEMR.3. Increased expression of
      HLA class I antigens encoded by both 721.174 and CEMR.3 was also observed.
      Specifically, the previously undetectable HLA-B5 and HLA-Bw6 antigens encoded by
      721.174 and CEMR.3, respectively, were present on the hybrid. Increased
      expression of the HLA-A2 antigen encoded by 721.174 was also observed. An
      immunoselected variant of the hybrid lacking both CEMR.3-derived copies of
      chromosome 6 lost expression of the HLA-B5 antigen encoded by 721.174 and
      expressed a decreased amount of HLA-A2. From these data, we infer that two
      complementary trans-acting factors mediate enhanced expression of HLA class I
      antigens in the hybrid. One of these factors is provided by a gene located on
      chromosome 6 derived from CEMR.3. The second factor, introduced by 721.174, is
      the gene previously postulated to induce expression of CEMR.3-encoded class I
      antigens in hybrids of CEMR.3 with B-LCL.

PMID- 3872842
TI  - Refinement of HLA gene mapping with induced B-cell line mutants.
AB  - The lymphoma cell line BJAB.B95.8.6 was gamma-irradiated to induce mutations of
      major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encoded genes. Cloned "wild-type" cells
      were phenotyped HLA-A1, A2, B13, B35, Bw4, Bw6, Cw4, DR5, DRw52, DQw1, DQw3,
      DPw2, DPw4, GLO1 1, PGM3 2-1, and ME1 0 and possessed two apparently normal
      chromosome 6s prior to mutagenesis. Loss mutants were selected 5 days after 3 Gy
      gamma-irradiation employing three complement-fixing monoclonal antibodies
      specific for HLA-A2 (TU101) and Bw4 (TU48, TU109). Fifteen independently arising
      mutants were isolated and cloned. Typing with monospecific alloantisera and cell
      mediated lympholysis revealed the presence of HLA-A1, B35, Bw6, Cw4, DR5, DRw52,
      DQw3, and DPw4 specificities on all mutant clones. HLA-A2, B13, and Bw4 were
      absent. Mutants differed in their expression of class II antigens. One group
      retained DQw1 and DPw2, another was DQw1-, DPw2+, and a third was DQw1-, DPw2-.
      Karyotyping of the "wild-type" line and selected mutant clones showed that the
      loss of HLA specificities correlated with deletions which map the HLA-A and -B
      loci directly to the distal part of the 6p21.33 region and the class II genes to
      the region 6p21.33 (proximal) to 6p21.31 (distal) on the short arm of chromosome
      6.

PMID- 3872843
TI  - Composition and antigenic activity of the oligosaccharide moiety of Haemophilus
      influenzae type b lipooligosaccharide.
AB  - The oligosaccharide moiety of the lipooligosaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae
      type b strain Eag was isolated from the lipid component by mild acid hydrolysis
      and purified by gel filtration. Fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry indicated
      that the lipid-free oligosaccharide had a basic molecular weight of 1,768;
      polysaccharides comparable to high-molecular-weight O side chains were not found.
      Glucose, galactose, galactosamine, heptose, 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid
      (KDO), ethanolamine, and phosphate were identified in the lipid-free
      oligosaccharide by colorimetric assays, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, or
      an amino acid analyzer. The presence of KDO was not clearly established by a
      thiobarbituric acid assay or by growth inhibition by a diazaborine derivative
      thought to block KDO synthesis. However, the semicarbizide assay and gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of KDO. Lectin
      precipitation by Eag lipooligosaccharide in gels indicated that beta-D-galactose
      was present and that some of this monosaccharide was a terminal, nonreducing
      residue linked to N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. The lipid-free oligosaccharide was
      antigenic and completely inhibited lipooligosaccharide antibody (predominantly
      immunoglobulin G [IgG] and IgM) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas
      the solubilized lipid A moiety did not. H. influenzae type b lipid-free
      oligosaccharide differed from core oligosaccharide of Salmonella
      lipooligosaccharide by the presence of galactosamine and a smaller percentage of
      heptose and KDO.

PMID- 3872845
TI  - Invasive infections caused by Haemophilus species other than Haemophilus
      influenzae.
AB  - In a retrospective study covering a 13-year period and a population of 817,900
      inhabitants, 13 cases of invasive infection caused by Haemophilus species other
      than Haemophilus influenzae were found. Ten of the infectious episodes were
      caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae and three by Haemophilus aphrophilus. The
      clinical manifestations comprised endocarditis, meningitis, pleuropneumonia,
      epiglottitis and septicaemia from an unknown focus. These 13 infectious episodes
      caused by uncommon Haemophilus species constituted less than 3% of the total
      number (473) of invasive Haemophilus infections registered during the same period
      of time. Invasive H. influenzae infections were more common in all age groups
      than infections caused by other Haemophilus species. In contrast to H. influenzae
      infections, which predominate in childhood, invasive infections due to uncommon
      Haemophilus species had no predilection for any age group.

PMID- 3872844
TI  - Effect of systemic immunization on pulmonary clearance of Haemophilus influenzae
      type b.
AB  - The effect of systemic immunization on pulmonary clearance of Haemophilus
      influenzae type b (Hib) was studied in a mouse model system. Immunization of mice
      by intraperitoneal injection of viable Hib cells resulted in the appearance of
      Hib-directed antibodies in both serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The
      development of this Hib-directed antibody activity was associated with
      significant enhancement of early pulmonary clearance of Hib. Systemic
      immunization did not affect the recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to
      the alveoli, suggesting that the enhanced clearance of Hib observed in immunized
      animals was due to specific antibodies which promote either phagocytosis or
      extracellular killing of Hib. The spectrum of Hib-directed antibody specificities
      detected in sera from immunized animals was essentially identical to that
      detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from these same animals. Similarly,
      intravenous administration of an immunoglobulin G monoclonal antibody specific
      for Hib lipopolysaccharide resulted in the subsequent appearance of this antibody
      in the alveolar spaces where it enhanced pulmonary clearance of Hib. This study
      shows that this mouse model system can be used to measure the effect of both
      active and passive immunization on the clearance of Hib from the lower
      respiratory tract.

PMID- 3872846
TI  - Detection of NK activity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of
      lymphocytes by human tumor clonogenic assay--its correlation with the 51Cr
      release assay.
AB  - NK activity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) for cells of the human
      myeloid line K562, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of PBL for
      cells of human lung adenocarcinoma line PC-9 were determined by the human tumor
      clonogenic assay (HTCA). Incubation of K562 cells or anti-PC-9 serum treated PC-9
      cells with PBL before plating inhibited the formation of colonies of these tumor
      cells. The percent inhibition of tumor cell colony formation was dependent on the
      effector/target ratio, the incubation time before plating and, in the case of PC
      9 cells, on the dilution of anti-PC-9 serum. PBL activated with human T-cell
      growth factor (TCGF), lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, significantly
      augmented the inhibition of colony formation of K562 cells, compared to the
      control lymphocytes. The increase in colony inhibition was dependent on the
      concentration of TCGF and the time of incubation of PBL with TCGF. The HTCA
      determining the colony inhibition of K562 cells incubated with LAK or PBL
      correlated with the 51Cr-release assay (p less than 0.001). The HTCA determining
      the colony inhibition of anti-PC-9 serum-treated PC-9 cells incubated with PBL
      also correlated with the 51Cr-release assay (p less than 0.001). We found that
      the NK activity and ADCC of lymphocytes on K562 and PC9 tumor lines could be
      detected with HTCA.

PMID- 3872847
TI  - Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of clavulanic acid in healthy subjects.
AB  - The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of clavulanic acid were studied
      following oral solution and rapid intravenous administration to healthy
      volunteers. Plasma and urine samples were collected at frequent intervals
      following dose administration and were assayed for clavulanic acid by an enzyme
      inhibition method. Plasma data after intravenous administration were subjected to
      pharmacokinetic analysis using a two-compartment open model. The mean absolute
      bioavailability of clavulanic acid from oral solution was 0.75, derived from both
      urine and plasma data. No changes in the disposition pharmacokinetics of
      clavulanic acid with route were found, with a mean renal clearance of 0.1051 X
      min-1 and mean terminal elimination rate constant of 0.0134 min-1.

PMID- 3872848
TI  - An unusual presentation of histiocytosis X.
AB  - A 20-year-old, single Saudi man was examined in the outpatient clinic in January
      1980, complaining of ulcers in the groin, discharge from the right ear, and gum
      enlargement of 2 years' duration. Also in 1980, ulcerating lesions developed in
      both axillae. One year later the patient was admitted to the hospital for
      spontaneous pneumothorax, and in the same year a small nodule in the upper left
      eyelid and fissuring of the nails were noted. In 1982, the patient complained of
      perianal ulceration and rapidly enlarging submandibular swelling with multiple
      sinuses and ranula.

PMID- 3872850
TI  - Sick individuals and sick populations.
AB  - Aetiology confronts two distinct issues: the determinants of individual cases,
      and the determinants of incidence rate. If exposure to a necessary agent is
      homogeneous within a population, then case/control and cohort methods will fail
      to detect it: they will only identify markers of susceptibility. The
      corresponding strategies in control are the 'high-risk' approach, which seeks to
      protect susceptible individuals, and the population approach, which seeks to
      control the causes of incidence. The two approaches are not usually in
      competition, but the prior concern should always be to discover and control the
      causes of incidence.

PMID- 3872849
TI  - An epidemiological assessment of immunization programme participation in the
      Philippines.
AB  - Because a large proportion of preschool children failed to present for free
      diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) immunizations in a poor, rural area of the
      Philippines, we undertook an epidemiological analysis of their characteristics.
      The parents of 159 children were interviewed to determine the demographic,
      attitudinal, knowledge, and administrative correlates of immunization status.
      Logistic regression was used to model immunization status. Children were less
      likely to be immunized if they had a high score on an Adversity Index (composed
      of measures of the weather, the number of visits the team made, the distance, the
      appropriateness of the time of day, and miscellaneous problems), if they received
      health care from a native mother and child health specialist, if a parent was not
      on the town council, and if pain was an important deterrent. By contrast, many
      demographic and attitudinal measures that have traditionally been thought to
      predict health behaviour were not useful discriminators. Recommendations are made
      for immunization programme management. The general use of this method for
      programme planning is elaborated.

PMID- 3872851
TI  - Abnormal distribution of double strand breaks in DNA after direct action of
      ionizing energy.
AB  - Experiments on purified DNA irradiated under circumstances which maximize direct
      absorption of ionizing energy in the DNA suggest that double strand breaks to the
      DNA helix are caused when energy depositions in spheres of comparable size to the
      diameter of the DNA helix exceed a threshold energy of between 70 and 100 eV.
      Evidence is also presented that shows that these events can lead to non-random
      patterns of double strand breakage within the molecule which are manifested as an
      excess of small fragments of DNA.

PMID- 3872852
TI  - Radiation-induced specific locus mutations in human mammary epithelial cells.
AB  - A specific locus mutagenesis assay using primary cultures of human mammary
      epithelial cells has been developed. A mutation frequency at the hypoxanthine
      guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) locus of approximately 2 X 10(-5)
      mutations per surviving cell per gray of ionizing radiation was estimated in
      these cells.

PMID- 3872853
TI  - HPLC-n.m.r. studies of radiation damage to d(TpA).
AB  - Nine of the products isolated from X-irradiated aqueous solutions of d(TpA) by
      HPLC are identified from their proton n.m.r. spectra.

PMID- 3872854
TI  - Multifraction radiation response of mouse lung.
AB  - The response of mouse lung to repeated doses of 60Co gamma-rays of as low as 115
      cGy per fraction was measured using death from pneumonitis between 80 and 120
      days after irradiation as the endpoint. A fractionation interval of 3 h was
      maintained for most regimens but in the longer experiments some 12 h intervals
      were introduced for logistic reasons. The longest overall duration (for a 43
      fraction regimen) was 8 days. The total doses required to produce 50 per cent
      mortality increased continuously as dose/fraction was decreased, even from 160 to
      115 cGy per fraction. Of clinical relevance, the steepness of the isoeffect curve
      over the dose range 115-500 cGy indicates that the lung shows greater sparing
      from dose fractionation than is characteristic of more rapidly-responding normal
      tissues, resembling, in this respect, other more slowly-responding tissues such
      as spinal cord. The plot of the reciprocal of the LD50 values as a function of
      dose per fraction was non-linear, suggesting that a linear quadratic dose
      response model may not be appropriate or that repair of cellular injury in lung
      is not complete in 3 h, or both.

PMID- 3872855
TI  - DNA content of micronuclei in human lymphocytes.
AB  - We have calculated the distribution of DNA contents in micronuclei (MN) induced
      by ionizing radiation in human lymphocytes on two assumptions: the MN arise from
      acentric chromosome fragments (ACF), and the ACF result from the random breakage
      and rejoining of chromosomes. Measurements show that about 80 per cent of MN have
      a DNA content in the range of 0.5-6 per cent of the G1 nucleus. This group is
      consistent with the model and shows little dependence on radiation dose over the
      dose range of 0.5-4 Gy, or on lymphocyte culture time, varying from 48 to 76
      hours. The MN with DNA content from 6 to 20 per cent of the G1 nucleus are
      probably the result both of spindle defects and of DNA synthesis in MN.

PMID- 3872856
TI  - The clastogenic effect of irradiated human plasma.
AB  - Normal unirradiated human lymphocytes were cultured in medium containing 20 per
      cent homologous or autologous plasma collected from samples of blood exposed in
      vitro to various doses of X-irradiation. Metaphases were stained by the BrdU/FPG
      method. The yields of chromatid-type aberrations in cells at first mitosis (M1
      cells) were similar for cultures containing plasma irradiated at 0, 0.05 or 0.25
      Gy but were significantly increased at 0.5, 5.0 and 10.0 Gy. The response was
      dose dependent but the data were insufficient to propose a particular model of
      dose response. The absence of chromosome-type aberrations confirmed the
      suggestion that earlier workers' observations of dicentrics and rings were
      artefacts of long culture times. The level of chromosomal damage was unaffected
      by omitting folic acid from the medium. Irradiated plasma did not alter the
      frequency of sister chromatid exchange observed in M2 cells. The ratios of M1, M2
      and M3 cells were markedly affected by the presence of irradiated plasma which
      caused a dose-dependent speeding up of the cell cycle.

PMID- 3872857
TI  - Repair of potentially lethal X-ray damage in fibroblasts derived from patients
      with hereditary and D-deletion retinoblastoma.
AB  - We examined X-ray induced potentially lethal damage repair (PLDR) in density
      inhibited plateau phase cultures of six fibroblast strains derived from patients
      with hereditary retinoblastoma and two patients with D-deletion retinoblastoma
      and compared them to three normal controls. PLD was measured in hereditary
      retinoblastoma (7 Gy exposure) and normal cells (7 and 9 Gy exposure) after 24 h
      repair time. PLD survival curves were performed at 2-9 Gy on six retinoblastoma
      and three normal control cell strains. Thus, PLDR was compared at equitoxic
      survival levels as well as after exposure to equal doses of radiation. Some
      retinoblastoma strains showed normal PLDR whereas others were possibly deficient.
      Implications of PLDR for susceptibility to radiation-induced and spontaneous
      tumours in hereditary retinoblastoma patients are discussed.

PMID- 3872858
TI  - Gamma-radiolysis of N2O-saturated formate solutions. A chain reaction.
AB  - In the radiolysis of aqueous formate-containing solutions a chain reaction (i,
      ii) proceeds in the presence of N2O. CO2-. + N2O + H2O----CO2 + N2 + .OH + OH-
      (i) .OH + HCO2-.----CO2-. + H2O (ii) The chain length depends on the dose rate
      and the N2O concentration but not on the formate concentration. Typically, G(CO2)
      approximately 140 molecules (100 eV)-1 is found, with an equivalent amount of N2,
      at a dose rate of 3 X 10(-3) Gy s-1. The rate constant for the rate-determining
      step in this chain reaction has been calculated at k(i) = 1600 dm3 mol-1 s-1. The
      possible relevance of this chain reaction in radiation biological studies is
      briefly discussed.

PMID- 3872859
TI  - Combined effect of misonidazole and glutathione depletion by buthionine
      sulphoximine on cellular radiation response.
AB  - Chinese hamster cells (V79) and glutathione-proficient (GSH+/+) and glutathione
      deficient (GSH-/-) human fibroblasts were treated with a glutathione (GSH)
      depleting agent buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) and the hypoxic radiosensitizer
      misonidazole (MISO), separately or in combination. Subsequently, the cells were
      exposed to X-rays. Determination of the yield of single-strand DNA breaks (ssb)
      immediately after irradiation indicated no effect of BSO or MISO treatment when
      radiation exposure was made aerobically. Assuming that ssb determined immediately
      after irradiation reflects mainly the effect of radical processes, the results
      obtained with BSO and MISO, singly and in combination, agreed well with the
      predictions of a modified version of the 'competition model' using V79 and GSH+/+
      cells. Some results obtained with GSH-/- cells could not be so explained.

PMID- 3872860
TI  - Dementia.

PMID- 3872861
TI  - Radiofrequency lesioning of the trigeminal ganglion for the treatment of
      trigeminal neuralgia.

PMID- 3872862
TI  - Comparison of interleukin 1 production by adherent cells and tissue pieces from
      human placenta.
AB  - Monocytes/macrophages from placenta have been reported to produce the
      immunological factor interleukin 1. In the present study both isolated adherent
      cells and tissue pieces produced interleukin 1, but the tissue piece culture
      supernatants also had colony stimulating activity. None of the following active
      factors were found in either culture supernatants: interleukin 2, interferon,
      erythropoietin and platelet-derived growth factor. Lysates of isolated placental
      cells contained interleukin 1, indicating that the factor was being produced in
      utero. Placentas from caesarean deliveries were likewise found to produce more
      interleukin 1 than placentas from normal term deliveries. The role(s) of
      placental-produced interleukin 1 is yet to be defined.

PMID- 3872863
TI  - Inhibition by cadmium of thymidine metabolism in concanavalin A-activated murine
      splenocytes.
AB  - Cadmium has been shown to cause significant inhibition of lymphocyte metabolism,
      including DNA synthesis, in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In order to
      understand more clearly the modification of DNA synthesis, this study has
      examined the metabolism of radiolabelled thymidine in splenocytes exposed to
      cadmium in vitro. T-lymphocyte-enriched splenocytes were incubated for 48 h with
      or without Conconavalin A. Cadmium (10 microM) was present during the full period
      of culture or added at various times after the initiation of the culture.
      Thymidine metabolism was assessed by examining intracellular metabolite pools,
      incorporation into DNA, thymidine kinase activity and thymidine membrane
      transport. Cadmium had little effect on any of these parameters in non-mitogen
      stimulated cells. However, in concanavalin A-stimulated cells exposed to cadmium
      for the full period of culture, the changes in thymidine metabolism normally
      associated with mitogen activation including increased thymidine incorporation
      into DNA, expansion of the thymidine di- and triphosphate pools and increased
      thymidine kinase activity did not occur. Some membrane transport of thymidine did
      occur but it was less than that of non-cadmium-exposed concanavalin A-stimulated
      cells. Approximately 90% inhibition of thymidine incorporation into DNA occurs
      when cadmium is added any time during the first 26 h of culture. When cadmium is
      present only during the final 6 h of culture, the incorporation is inhibited by
      approximately 60%. Furthermore, the presence of cadmium during only the last 2 h
      of culture was shown to inhibit the membrane transport of thymidine, but had no
      effect on thymidine kinase activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3872864
TI  - A study of the content of referral letters from general practitioners for acute
      surgical admissions to a district general hospital.

PMID- 3872865
TI  - In vitro production of a hybrid monoclonal antibody that preferentially binds to
      cells that express both HLA-A2 and HLA-B7.
AB  - A hybrid mouse monoclonal IgGl having one low affinity combining site for HLA-A2
      and one low affinity combining site for HLA-B7 was made by the chemical method of
      Nisonoff and Palmer (Science 143:376,1964). This involved selective reduction of
      interchain disulphides, a splitting of the IgGl into half molecules at low pH and
      ionic strength, and reassociation of the half molecules by neutralization.
      Serologically active hybrids were separated from parental IgGl by an absorbtion
      procedure and recovered in about 10% yield. The hybrid discriminated between
      cells that express either HLA-A2 or HLA-B7 from cells that express both A2 and
      B7. This is because it could bind bivalently to the cell with both A2 and B7 but
      could only bind with a single combining site to cells expressing A2 or B7. The
      consequence of these different modes of attachment was to give up to sevenfold
      greater binding to the cell expressing A2 and B7 in comparison to the cell
      expressing only A2 or B7.

PMID- 3872866
TI  - The molecules recognized by anti-MT2 alloantisera and anti-MT2-like (DRw52)
      monoclonal antibodies are different.
AB  - The human class II alloantigens include the HLA-DR, DQ, and MT determinants.
      Previous reports in the literature suggest that while the DQ determinants appear
      to be on a molecule separate from DR, the MT determinants are variably present on
      DR or DQ molecules. We have previously reported, using the homozygous DR5 cell
      line Swei, that the MT4 determinant defined by the allosera, MGH88B, was only on
      the DQw3 molecule, while MT2, defined by the functionally monospecific anti-MT2
      alloantiserum MGH87B, was present on both the DR5 and DQw3 molecules. We now
      report using the monoclonal antibody ILR2 directed against an MT2-like
      determinant DRw52, that DRw52 is present on the DR molecules only. The MT2
      determinant(s) recognized by the functionally monospecific alloantisera MGH87B
      appear to include the DRw52 determinant(s) recognized by the monoclonal antibody
      ILR2.

PMID- 3872867
TI  - Analysis of human class II antigens by cloned cytolytic T cell reagents: a study
      using HLA loss mutant lymphoblastoid cell lines and monoclonal antibodies
      detecting the HLA-DP product(s).
AB  - We have utilized cloned T cell reagents and ionizing radiation-induced mutants of
      an HLA heterozygous lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) to investigate the
      determinants detected by the cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) assay. Cells of an
      LCL clone, 721.501, an HLA haplotype loss mutant expressing the HLA-A2-Cw1-Bw51
      DR1-Dw1-DQw1-DPw2-GLO haplotype were used as sensitizing cells for responder
      cells in vitro. "Cloned" reagents were generated by single-cell deposition of
      cells of a bulk reagent primed against 721.501 cells. Those clones were screened
      for cytolytic activity against HLA loss mutant targets (derived from LCL 721) of
      four different categories; HLA-A2 loss only, A2-Cw1-Bw51 loss, A2-Cw1-Bw51-DR1
      DQw1 loss, and the entire HLA haplotype loss. Of 196 clones tested, 36 were
      cytolytic, including three anti-A2, five anti-Bw51/Cw1, 12 anti-DR1/DQw1, 13 anti
      DP region associated with DPw2, and three of undetermined specificity, based on
      cytolytic patterns against the HLA loss mutant targets. Of 25 anti-HLA class II
      lytic clones, 23 (92%) fitted the characteristics of helper cell-independent
      cytolytic T cells (HITc), whereas only two of eight (25%) anti-class I clones
      were HITc. The 13 anti-DP region clones were divided into three subgroups defined
      by blocking by anti-FA and not Tu39 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), by Tu39 and not
      anti-FA, and by both MoAbs.

PMID- 3872868
TI  - Subcultured human endothelial cells can function independently as fully competent
      antigen-presenting cells.
AB  - Recent evidence has suggested that dendritic cells, epidermal Langerhan's cells
      and endothelial cells (EC) as well as macrophages, fulfill the requirements of
      antigen-presenting cells. Despite a variety of controls, one weakness in the
      evidence that these latter cell types can independently serve as antigen
      presenting cells is that the cell preparations may contain small numbers of
      contaminating macrophages or other cell types. The experiments described in this
      paper are directed towards providing firm evidence that human EC are
      independently capable of presenting antigen to T cells. EC were isolated from
      human umbilical veins and maintained continuously by serial subculture for
      periods of up to 8 months. The subcultured EC displayed classic EC morphology and
      uniform immunofluorescent staining for Factor VIII-related antigen. The
      subcultured EC (tested to the 18th subculture) presented both particulate and
      soluble antigens to macrophage-depleted T cells with an efficiency equivalent to
      freshly isolated cells. Monoclonal antibodies to HLA-DR and HLA-DS determinants
      inhibited antigen presentation by either autologous macrophages or EC. In
      addition, antigen presentation by the subcultured EC was not affected by the
      macrophage-specific monoclonal antibody Mac-120, which inhibited antigen
      presentation by autologous macrophages in the same experiments. These results are
      consistent with human EC being able to independently function as fully competent
      antigen-presenting cells.

PMID- 3872869
TI  - Prevention of endophthalmitis by intraocular solution filtration and antibiotics.
AB  - Gentamicin sulfate was used in a millipore-filtered irrigating solution for
      12,000 cases of anterior segment surgery (extracapsular cataract extraction with
      posterior chamber lens implantation) without one occurrence of endophthalmitis.
      One instance of endophthalmitis occurred in eight cases in which unfiltered
      gentamicin sulfate solution was used. No side effects have been associated with
      the use of the millipore-filtered irrigating solution.

PMID- 3872870
TI  - Dominant and recessive mitogen-nonproliferative variants of 3T3 cells.
AB  - We have previously isolated 3T3 cell variants unable to respond to specific
      mitogens. In this report we analyze the dominant and/or recessive nature of these
      variants. Two independently isolated EGF nonproliferative variants are unable to
      bind EGF. Hybrids between 3T3R5 cells (thymidine kinase deficient, ouabain
      resistant) and these variants express EGF receptors; the "EGF receptorless"
      phenotype of these variants is recessive. Hybrids between these two variants do
      not bind EGF; they are defective in a common, non-complementing function. A TPA
      nonproliferative 3T3 variant is also recessive; hybrids with 3T3R5 mount a
      mitogenic response to TPA. In contrast a fourth variant, which can neither bind
      labeled EGF nor respond to TPA, is dominant for both characteristics. Hybrids
      between this latter variant and 3T3R5 can neither bind EGF nor mount a mitogenic
      response to TPA.

PMID- 3872871
TI  - The effect of biotin on cellular functions in HeLa cells.
AB  - HeLa cells cultured in a biotin-deficient medium show reduced rate of protein
      synthesis, DNA synthesis and growth. Addition of exogenous biotin to the cells
      cultured in biotin-deficient medium results in enhanced protein synthesis, DNA
      synthesis and cell growth. Continuous protein synthesis is required for the
      increase in DNA synthesis observed upon the addition of exogenous biotin to the
      cells cultured in biotin-deficient medium. These results suggest that cells
      cultured in biotin-deficient medium are arrested in the G1 stage of cell cycle
      and this block is removed upon the addition of biotin to the deficient medium.

PMID- 3872872
TI  - Comparative regional analysis of 2-fluorodeoxyglucose and methylglucose uptake in
      brain of four stroke patients. With special reference to the regional estimation
      of the lumped constant.
AB  - The glucose metabolic rate of the human brain can be measured with labeled
      deoxyglucose, using positron emission tomography, provided certain conditions are
      fulfilled. The original method assumed irreversible trapping of deoxyglucose
      metabolites in brain during the experimental period, and it further requires that
      a conversion factor between deoxyglucose and glucose, the "lumped constant," be
      known for the brain regions of interest. We examined the assumption of
      irreversible trapping of fluorodeoxyglucose metabolites in brain of four patients
      in 365 normal and 4 recently infarcted regions. The average net, steady-state
      rate of fluorodeoxyglucose (KD) accumulation in normal regions of the four
      patients was 0.025 ml g-1 min-1. We also examined the variability of the lumped
      constant. We first confirmed that methylglucose is not phosphorylated in the
      human brain. We then estimated the lumped constant from the regional distribution
      of labeled methylglucose in brain. The average (virtual) volume of distribution
      of labeled methylglucose in the normal regions was 0.46 ml g-1 and was the same
      in both gray and white matter structures. The average brain glucose content
      corresponding to this value was 1.3 mumol g-1, assuming a Michaelis constant (Kt)
      of 3.7 mM for glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier. The lumped
      constant varied insignificantly between 0.4 and 0.5 in most regions, with an
      overall average of 0.44. It did not vary significantly between the patients and
      was the same in gray and white matter structures, but was inversely related to
      the calculated metabolic rate. This observation indicates that metabolic rates
      calculated with a fixed lumped constant (e.g., 0.40) would be slightly
      underestimated at high metabolic rates and slightly overestimated at low
      metabolic rates. The average glucose metabolic rates of the 365 normal regions,
      in which gray matter regions prevailed by 20:1, was 32 mumol 100 g-1 min-1. The
      average glucose phosphorylation rate in white matter was 20 mumol 100 g-1 min-1
      with a lumped constant of 0.45. In the recently infarcted areas, the lumped
      constants varied from 0.37 to 2.83, corresponding to glucose metabolic rates
      varying from 2 to 18 mumol 100 g-1 min-1. Two infarct types were identified. In
      one type, the phosphorylation-limited type, glucose content and the lumped
      constant were close to normal (1 mumol g-1 and 0.40, respectively). In the other,
      the transport/flow-limited type, the glucose content was low (0.2 mumol g-1), and
      the lumped constant in excess of unity. The evidence from the present study
      upholds the model of Sokoloff et al. in every detail.

PMID- 3872873
TI  - Quantitation of local cerebral blood flow and partition coefficient without
      arterial sampling: theory and validation.
AB  - A new technique that requires neither arterial blood sampling nor prior knowledge
      of the indicator's tissue-blood partition coefficient has been developed for
      quantitation of local CBF. This technique arises from an existing method that
      uses the inert, freely diffusible gaseous tracer [18F]methyl fluoride (CH3(18)F)
      and positron computed tomography. The shape of the arterial blood curve is
      derived from continuous sampling of expired air. The concentration of CH3(18)F in
      the arterial blood is assumed to be proportional to the expired gas curve
      interpolated between end-tidal values. The absolute scale of the blood curve is
      determined by fitting a series of venous blood samples to a multicompartment
      model. Four validation studies were performed to compare values derived using the
      venous scaled expired breath input function with those derived using direct
      arterial samples. The proposed method gave higher flow values than the standard
      arterial sampling method by an average of 4.4%. These validation studies and data
      from both normal and patient scans suggest that the method provides the
      quantitation necessary for interstudy comparisons yet avoids the trauma of an
      arterial puncture.

PMID- 3872874
TI  - Performance comparison of parameter estimation techniques for the quantitation of
      local cerebral blood flow by dynamic positron computed tomography.
AB  - Local CBF (LCBF) can be quantitated from positron computed tomographic (PCT) data
      and physiologically based mathematical models by several general methods. Those
      using a dynamic sequence of PCT scans allow the simultaneous estimation of both
      LCBF and p, the indicator's tissue-blood partition coefficient. This article
      presents a comparison of three rapid estimation techniques for use with inert
      diffusible radioindicators and serial PCT, each of which is based on the original
      Kety model. One method, developed in our laboratory, involves minimizing the mean
      squared discrepancy between measured data and model predictions, whereas the
      other two methods, recently reported in the literature, are weighted integration
      techniques that involve multiplying the measured data by time-dependent weighting
      functions. Simulation studies of noise propagation and other sources of error
      were performed under a variety of simulated conditions. Functional images of LCBF
      and p were calculated using each method for both phantom and human subject data.
      Errors can differ by as much as a factor of 2-3 between methods, with each having
      its own unique advantages and disadvantages.

PMID- 3872875
TI  - Adenosine deaminase inhibitors enhance cerebral anoxic hyperemia in the rat.
AB  - Cerebral blood flow in the rat was monitored by a venous outflow technique with
      an extracorporeal circulation, which allows for the continuous recording of flow
      over periods of several hours. The adenosine deaminase inhibitors erythro-9-(2
      hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA) (1.0-100 micrograms/kg) and deoxycoformycin (0.1-1
      micrograms/kg) potentiated the reactive hyperemia elicited by a brief (24-s)
      anoxic challenge. Basal flow rate was unaltered by EHNA administration and
      slightly enhanced by deoxycoformycin. The results are consistent with the
      hypothesis that adenosine plays a significant role in cerebral vascular
      regulation and suggest that low doses of these deaminase inhibitors may be useful
      in the treatment of cerebral vascular insufficiency.

PMID- 3872876
TI  - Brain region localization in positron emission tomographic images.

PMID- 3872877
TI  - Pulse rate, blood pressure and body composition in black adolescents: the
      Philadelphia Blood Pressure Project.
AB  - Patterns of pulse rate, blood pressure (BP), and body size and composition are
      investigated in a black urban sample of over 600 adolescents (aged 12-17) in
      Philadelphia as part of the Philadelphia Blood Pressure Project. Supine and
      seated pulse rates decline after the age of 13 in both males and females, and
      females have significantly higher pulse rates than males, ranging from 1.6 to 4.7
      beats/30 sec higher depending upon chronological age and position. Seated pulse
      rates are consistently higher than supine in both sexes ranging from 1.3 to 2.9
      beats/30 sec depending upon chronological age. Pulse rate and both systolic blood
      pressure (SBP) and diastolic phase IV blood pressure (DBP) show a positive
      association throughout adolescence for females (r = 0.16 SBP, r = 0.24 DBP) but
      not for males (r = -0.06 SBP, r = 0.06 DBP). Females in the highest diastolic IV
      blood pressure stratum (greater than 85%) maintain higher pulse rates throughout
      adolescence, while males with the highest DBP have higher pulse rates in early
      adolescence (ages 12-14) but lower pulse rates in later adolescence (ages 16 and
      17). Females with the highest DBP also show consistently higher measures of
      relative fatness (triceps skinfolds) throughout adolescence. Males with the
      highest DBP have greater triceps skinfolds in early adolescence and lower triceps
      in later adolescence, a pattern similar to that shown for pulse rate. For DBP,
      triceps is significantly and positively associated with pulse rate in the upper
      DBP percentile group (p less than 0.05). Thus, females with the highest blood
      pressure during adolescence are characterized by higher pulse rate and greater
      fatness. Males show this same pattern in early adolescence; whereas, in contrast,
      the older adolescent males in our sample with the highest DBP are characterized
      by lower pulse rates, relatively decreased fatness, and increased muscularity.
      Our findings suggest that, at least in some older black male adolescents, a
      higher DBP may reflect a decrease in cardiac output as indicated by a lower pulse
      rate, or an increase in peripheral vascular resistance, possibly associated with
      relatively decreased fatness and increased muscle mass for size.

PMID- 3872878
TI  - The effect of cyclosporine on immunization with tetanus and keyhole limpet
      hemocyanin (KLH) in humans.
AB  - Eleven patients with chronic uveitis treated with Cyclosporine were immunized
      with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and tetanus toxoid. Delayed cutaneous
      hypersensitivity responses, lymphocyte blastogenic responses, and antibody
      production were compared with those of similarly immunized control individuals. A
      significant decrease in delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity (P less than 0.001 for
      KLH and P less than 0.01 for tetanus toxoid) was observed. No significant
      differences in blastogenic or antibody responses were noted. These findings
      demonstrate that the majority of the Cyclosporine-treated patients had intact T
      cell-dependent antigen responses as measured by both proliferative response and
      antibody production to primary and secondary antigenic challenges but that other
      immune functions such as delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity are affected by
      therapeutic doses of systemic Cyclosporine.

PMID- 3872879
TI  - Pre-B cells in agammaglobulinemia: evidence for disease heterogeneity among
      affected boys.
AB  - Six immunodeficient boys were found to have agammaglobulinemia and lack
      circulating B cells. These patients could be divided into two groups based on
      bone marrow findings and clinical course. In one group, pre-B cells and
      lymphocytes were present at normal frequencies and in normal absolute numbers.
      Recurrent serious infections were documented in the first few months of life in
      these patients, and this consequently led to early diagnosis. In the second
      group, pre-B cells were virtually undetectable. Patients in this group did not
      present with recurrent infections until the second year and were thus diagnosed
      later than were those in the first group. Childhood agammaglobulinemia with
      deficiency of both pre-B and B lymphocytes appears to be a different disease from
      X-linked infantile agammaglobulinemia. This disease may involve an arrest of B
      lineage cell development at an earlier stage than that responsible for X-linked
      agammaglobulinemia.

PMID- 3872880
TI  - Detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b antigenuria by Bactigen and Phadebact
      kits.
AB  - Two commercially available reagents, latex particles (Bactigen) and
      Staphylococcus aureus suspensions (Phadebact), were compared for the detection of
      the capsular polyribitol phosphate antigen of Haemophilus influenzae type b in 18
      pediatric patients with proven infections due to H. influenzae type b. Whereas
      both tests nearly equally detected the antigen in the first urine specimens from
      the patients, the latex test remained positive significantly longer than did the
      Phadebact test for serial urine specimens. We conclude that the Bactigen test is
      slightly more sensitive than the Phadebact test for detecting urinary H.
      influenzae type b antigen.

PMID- 3872881
TI  - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis of synovial fluid in the diagnosis of septic
      arthritis.
AB  - The evaluation by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) of joint fluid for bacterial
      antigen from 16 children with suspected septic arthritis is reported. Joint fluid
      from six children contained capsular antigen of Haemophilus influenzae type b
      (four) or Streptococcus pneumoniae (two). One child was infected with S.
      pneumoniae but was positive by CIE for both H. influenzae type b and S.
      pneumoniae. Five of six children who were less than 2 years of age were infected
      with H. influenzae. Two children had negative cultures of joint fluids, and a
      presumptive etiology for their infection was proposed only by demonstration of
      bacterial antigen. CIE, which has been widely applied to cerebrospinal fluid,
      urine, and serum, is a helpful adjunct to the evaluation of joint fluid from
      children with suspected septic arthritis.

PMID- 3872882
TI  - Valgus deformity of the ankle joint: pathogenesis of fibular shortening.
AB  - An abnormal shortening of the fibula, leading to a valgus deformity of the ankle
      joint, is a common finding in the paralytic ankle. This article analyzes 173
      ankles in which shortened fibulae were present. Analysis of several factors that
      interfere with fibular growth showed that soleus strength and anatomical
      continuity of the fibula are important factors in the normal fibular growth. Any
      factor that interferes with the normal balance of forces at the distal fibula
      physis can cause an abnormal shortening of the fibula and lead to valgus
      deformity of the ankle.

PMID- 3872883
TI  - Endothelial cell synthesis of von Willebrand antigen II, von Willebrand factor,
      and von Willebrand factor/von Willebrand antigen II complex.
AB  - von Willebrand antigen II (vW AgII) and von Willebrand factor (vWf) are
      immunochemically distinct proteins that are deficient in the plasma and platelets
      of patients with severe von Willebrand's disease. Normal human umbilical vein
      endothelial cells were cultured in the presence of [35S]methionine. Crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis of endothelial cell supernates and detergent-solubilized
      endothelial cells demonstrated specific incorporation of the [35S]methionine into
      vW AgII. Furthermore, when endothelial cells were lysed in the presence of
      proteolytic inhibitors, a second, less anodal peak was identified on crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis. This peak represented a complex of vW AgII and vWf and
      demonstrated a reaction of complete identity with the vW AgII immunoprecipitate.
      When plasma, serum, or platelets were evaluated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis,
      this "complex" peak was not present. When antibodies to vWf, fibronectin, or
      fibrinogen were present in the first dimension of crossed immunoelectrophoresis,
      only the antibodies to vWf removed the complex. Radioiodinated polyclonal and
      monoclonal antibodies to vWf also localized vWf to this complex. Under reducing
      conditions, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of
      [35S]methionine-labeled immunoprecipitates indicated that the molecular weight of
      vW AgII is 98,000 and that vWf was present as two species of 220,000 and 260,000
      mol wt, respectively. Immunofluorescent microscopy of endothelial cells
      demonstrated colocalization of vW AgII and vWf in endothelial cells with intense
      immunostaining of the same subcellular granules.

PMID- 3872884
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of a megakaryocyte colony-stimulating
      factor from human plasma.
AB  - Human plasma obtained from patients with hypomegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia
      contains a factor that promotes megakaryocyte colony formation by normal human
      marrow cells. This megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor was purified from such
      a plasma specimen. A four-step purification scheme which included ammonium
      sulfate precipitation, diethylaminoethyl-Sepharose chromatography, affinity
      chromatography on wheat germ lectin-Sepharose 6MB, and reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography resulted in a recovery of 16.6% of the initial
      biological activity and an increase in specific activity by 3,489-fold. The
      purified protein produced a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. Purified megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor was capable
      of promoting megakaryocyte colony formation at a concentration of 7.6 X 10(-8) M.
      Megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor was shown to be a glycoprotein and had an
      apparent 46,000 mol wt. Deglycosylation of megakaryocyte colony-stimulating
      factor by treatment with trifluoromethane-sulfonate resulted in the loss of its
      ability to promote megakaryocyte colony formation. Megakaryocyte colony
      stimulating factor appears to be an important regulator of in vitro human
      megakaryocytopoiesis at the level of the colony-forming unit megakaryocyte and
      may be of importance physiologically.

PMID- 3872885
TI  - Stimulation of the proliferation of human bone cells in vitro by human monocyte
      products with interleukin-1 activity.
AB  - The process of induction of bone formation, which follows bone resorption during
      normal and pathological bone turnover, is well documented. However, the
      mechanisms responsible for this process are unclear. Mononuclear phagocytes
      present at the sites of bone remodeling could play a role in this "coupling" of
      bone formation to bone resorption. This study was designed to investigate such a
      possibility. By measuring both the increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation and in
      cell number, we found that human monocytes in culture released factors capable of
      stimulating the proliferation of osteoblast-like cells derived from human bone.
      Rapidly dividing cells exhibited a greater response to interleukin 1 (IL-1) than
      confluent cells. The factors are similar to IL-1 in that they exhibited the same
      molecular weight and isoelectric point, were present in fractions that contained
      IL-1 activity after gel filtration chromatography and isoelectric focusing, and
      showed similar dose-response characteristics. Proliferation was more marked when
      prostaglandin production by the cells, which was also stimulated by these
      factors, was inhibited by indomethacin. A factor produced by monocytes that
      affects osteoblast activity may be important in the coupling of osteoclast and
      osteoblast actions.

PMID- 3872886
TI  - Subclass restriction and polyclonality of the systemic lupus erythematosus marker
      antibody anti-Sm.
AB  - Anti-Sm antibodies are highly specific markers for the diagnosis of systemic
      lupus erythematosus (SLE). This specificity suggests that the immunoregulation of
      these autoantibodies would reflect fundamental immune abnormalities in this
      disorder. As a clue to this immunoregulation, we have investigated the isotype
      distribution of anti-Sm antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We have
      found that the anti-Sm response is markedly restricted to the IgG1 heavy chain
      isotype. On the other hand, the light chain distribution reflects that in normal
      serum, while isoelectric focusing analysis fails to show an oligoclonal pattern.
      The related specificity, anti-ribonucleoprotein, is also restricted to IgG1,
      while the SLE-specific antibody anti-double-stranded DNA is mostly IgG1 with a
      lesser contribution by IgG3. These results suggest that antinuclear antibodies
      that are strongly associated with SLE are produced by a T cell-dependent
      response, probably driven by antigen. The immunoregulation of the response to
      several autoantigens may be quite similar.

PMID- 3872887
TI  - Identification of three accessory cell populations in human bone marrow with
      erythroid burst-promoting properties.
AB  - Several laboratories have demonstrated a requirement for burst-promoting activity
      (BPA), a product of T cells, or T cell/monocyte collaboration in the induction of
      differentiation of peripheral blood erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) in
      vitro. The physiologic significance of this finding is brought into question by
      patients with severe mature T cell deficiency who have normal in vivo
      erythropoiesis. The studies described here were designed to determine whether the
      burst-promoting effects of marrow T cells and adherent cells are similar to those
      of peripheral blood, to define whether a third population of marrow cells is
      capable of production of BPA, and to describe the BPA requirements of immature
      and mature marrow erythroid progenitors. To that end we prepared adherence- and E
      depleted low-density peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a source of BFU-E and
      demonstrated that their optimal erythropoietin-induced differentiation requires
      BPA. We then determined that both bone marrow and peripheral blood T cells and
      monocytes could provide the necessary BPA to induce their erythropoietin
      dependent differentiation. BPA production by T cells was sensitive to
      irradiation, but that of the whole bone marrow low-density population was
      considerably less sensitive. This in itself demonstrated that BPA production in
      marrow is not T cell dependent. We further demonstrated a potent, albeit
      infrequent, third population of BPA-producing marrow cells. These proved to be
      nonadherent, E receptor-negative, granulocyte antigen-negative, and gamma-Fc
      receptor-positive. Finally, we separated all of these BPA-producing cells from
      marrow erythroid progenitors and concentrated the latter into a population in
      which they comprised 6% of the cells. With this population we demonstrated that
      both immature (BFU-E) and mature (colony-forming units [CFU-E]) erythroid
      progenitors require BPA in addition to erythropoietin to induce them to form
      erythroid colonies in vitro. These results may explain the normal erythropoiesis
      found in patients with mature T cell deficiency. Though the differentiation of
      both BFU-E and CFU-E requires BPA, this need can be met by a special class of
      nonadherent, radioresistant, E receptor-negative, granulocyte antigen-negative,
      and gamma-Fc-positive cells.

PMID- 3872888
TI  - Reduced affinity of the androgen receptor for 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone but not
      methyltrienolone in a form of partial androgen resistance. Studies on cultured
      genital skin fibroblasts.
AB  - We have studied a child with posterior labial fusion, clitoral phallus, female
      urethra, and a short, blind vagina born to a mother with decreased axillary and
      pubic hair. Her karyotype is 46,XY. At 2 yr of age, the child's basal level of
      plasma testosterone was less than 0.35 nM and after human chorionic gonadotropin
      stimulation, it rose to 2.6. Testis and epididymis histology were normal. Her
      cultured genital (labial) skin fibroblasts have normal testosterone 5 alpha
      reductase activity, and metabolize 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) normally,
      but they do not augment (up-regulate) their basal androgen-receptor binding
      activity during prolonged incubation with DHT. With DHT, the androgen receptor in
      her genital skin fibroblasts has a normal binding capacity (maximum binding
      capacity = 25 fmol/mg protein), but an increased rate constant of dissociation (k
      = 11.6 X 10(-3) min-1; normal, 6 +/- 1.2 (+/- SD)), and a decreased apparent
      equilibrium binding affinity (Kd = 0.6 nM; normal, 0.22 +/- 0.09) that is evident
      in the results of 2-h assays but not of those lasting 0.5 h. With the synthetic
      androgen, methyltrienolone, all three binding properties of the receptor are
      normal, and her receptor activity up-regulates normally. We interpret these
      results to mean that the subject has a ligand-selective defect in the time
      dependent transformation of initial, low-affinity androgen-receptor complexes to
      serial states of higher affinity, presumably as the result of a structural
      mutation at the X-linked locus that encodes the androgen receptor protein.

PMID- 3872890
TI  - The pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali of Rana pipiens.
AB  - The pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali (nLM) of Rana pipiens was
      investigated with autoradiographic, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and Golgi
      techniques. Retinal afferents to nLM originate primarily from the central retina.
      The primary projection is contralateral with a small ipsilateral component.
      Following optic nerve transection and HRP impregnation, contralateral retinal
      afferents show a restricted, dense core of HRP label in the superficial portion
      of the nucleus with sparser HRP label in the surround. Ipsilateral retinal
      afferents arborize throughout nLM, except in the dense-core region. Additional
      afferents to nLM originate from the ipsilateral tectum, the nucleus rotundus, the
      mesencephalic pretectal gray, the contralateral nLM, and the nucleus of the basal
      optic root. Afferents from the accessory optic system arborize only in the dense
      core region, following HRP injections into the nucleus of the basal optic root,
      while afferents from the mesencephalic pretectal gray arborize in all parts of
      nLM except the dense core. Afferents from the tectum and anterior thalamus appear
      to arborize throughout the nucleus without discernible pattern. The lamination of
      afferent terminals in nLM was correlated with Nissl-stained cytoarchitectural
      material in which the majority of large neurons cluster around the dense core of
      nLM. Three types of neurons occur in nLM: large neurons (25-micron dia.),
      fusiform neurons (12.5-micron dia.), and stellate neurons (10-micron dia.).
      Additionally, two cell groups outside nLM which send dendrites into the nucleus
      were observed: cells of the posterior lateral nucleus and cells of the posterior
      thalamic pretectal gray. Both large and fusiform neurons project to the deep
      layers of the optic tectum as well as to the ventral rhombencephalon superficial
      to the abducens nucleus. While a small number of fusiform neurons project to the
      nucleus of the basal optic root, the stellate neurons appear to be intrinsic to
      nLM. The anuran nLM strongly resembles the nucleus of the optic tract in mammals
      in terms of the site of origin of its retinal afferents, lamination of afferent
      terminations, its central connections, and its demonstrated involvement in
      horizontal optokinetic nystagmus.

PMID- 3872889
TI  - Regulation of human B cell activation by prostaglandin E2. Suppression of the
      generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells.
AB  - The role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the generation of immunoglobulin-secreting
      cells (ISC) from human peripheral blood B cells was examined. Initial studies
      demonstrated that monocyte (M phi)-mediated suppression of the generation of ISC
      in Staphylococcus aureus (SA)-stimulated cultures was mitigated by indomethacin,
      and thus suggested that the cyclooxygenase pathway products of arachidonic acid
      played a role in the regulation of B cell activation. The possibility that PGE2,
      one of the major products of this pathway generated by M phi-affected human B
      cell responses, was therefore investigated. PGE2 was found to cause concentration
      dependent inhibition of the generation of ISC in pokeweed mitogen- or SA
      stimulated B cell cultures supported by T cells. Studies were therefore carried
      out to determine whether PGE2 inhibited the production of necessary T cell
      factors or directly altered B cell responsiveness. Initially, the effect of PGE2
      on the capacity of mitogen-stimulated cells to secrete a factor that supported
      the differentiation of B cells into ISC was investigated. Excessive numbers of M
      phi or PGE2 inhibited the production of B cell differentiation factor from
      mitogen-stimulated T cells. The effect of PGE2 on the capacity of B cells to
      differentiate into ISC was more complex. PGE2 inhibited the generation of ISC
      when B cells were stimulated with SA and B cell differentiation factor-containing
      T cell supernatants. PGE2-mediated inhibition of ISC generation was observed even
      when addition of PGE2 was delayed until after ISC first were detected in culture.
      By contrast, PGE2 caused only minimal inhibition of the generation of ISC
      cultures stimulated by T cell supernatants alone or protein A-free SA and T cell
      supernatants. These results suggested that SA-responsive B cells were
      particularly sensitive to inhibition by PGE2. Additional experiments supported
      the conclusion that B cell sensitivity to inhibition by PGE2 is augmented by the
      immunoglobulin cross-linking effects of protein A-containing SA. Overall, the
      results support the conclusion that PGE2 at physiologically relevant
      concentrations can influence human antibody responses by means of a direct
      inhibitory action on the responding B cell or an indirect one on the production
      of necessary T cell factors.

PMID- 3872891
TI  - Nodular lymphoid disease of the head and neck: lymphocytoma cutis, benign
      lymphocytic infiltrate of Jessner, and their distinction from malignant lymphoma.
AB  - Skin biopsy specimens from six patients with nodular lymphoid disease of the head
      and neck were studied by routine histology, direct immunofluorescence microscopy,
      and leukocyte monoclonal antibodies to T and B cell subsets and monocytes.
      Initially, these lesions were clinically considered to be benign lymphocytic
      infiltrates of Jessner, lymphocytoma, or lymphoma. Direct immunofluorescence was
      negative or showed nonspecific staining in all four patients in whom it was
      performed. Leukocyte monoclonal antibody stains revealed two distinct patterns of
      lymphocytes. Lymphocytoma was represented by nodular masses of B lymphocytes with
      peripheral and intervening zones of T cells. The second pattern consisted of
      solid nodular masses of T lymphocytes occupying the dermis and subcutaneous
      tissue. In the specimens interpreted as benign lymphocytic infiltration, the T
      cells were composed equally of helper and suppressor cells.

PMID- 3872892
TI  - Heterogeneity of dermal OKT6+ cells in inflammatory and neoplastic skin diseases.
AB  - This immunopathologic study of both normal and pathologic skin specimens (contact
      dermatitis [CD], lichen planus [LP], cutaneous T cells lymphoma [CTCL], and
      histiocytosis X [HX]) allowed as to differentiate four types of dermal OKT6+
      cells: (1) cells with the same morphologic features as epidermal Langerhans cells
      (LCs), rarely found in either normal or pathologic dermis; (2) cells structurally
      similar to LCs but lacking Birbeck granules (BGs), found mainly in CD and LP; (3)
      larger cells rich in cytoplasmic organelles, only 5% of which contained BGs. They
      were especially common CTCL; and (4) cells typical of HX.

PMID- 3872893
TI  - Human leukocyte antigens in cutaneous T cell lymphoma.
AB  - Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS) are malignant non-Hodgkin's
      lymphomas, characterized by the proliferation of helper type T lymphocytes with a
      predilection for the skin. Because of the similarities in cytologic, histologic,
      cytogenetic, immunologic, and functional aspects of the malignant cells, as well
      as overlapping clinical features, these disorders are currently classified as
      cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). Though the etiology of these disorders remains
      obscure, environmental factors as well as viral infection have been implicated.
      In this study, seventy-six white patients with CTCL were typed for human
      leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A, -B, and -C to assess genetic susceptibility as
      determined by the major histocompatibility complex. An increase in the frequency
      of B8 and Bw35 was seen in SS patients but not in MF patients.

PMID- 3872894
TI  - Contribution from random coincidences to PET images: the effect of detector
      "wobbling".
AB  - The effect of gantry "wobbling" motion on the distribution of random coincidences
      was examined in a ring positron emission tomograph. It was shown by computer
      simulations and by experiments using a single photon emitter that an asymmetric
      source distribution may lead to characteristic ripples in the projections,
      appearing as ring artifacts in the images. A new correction scheme is proposed,
      in which the wobbling effect on the random distribution is estimated in
      peripheral detector channels.

PMID- 3872895
TI  - Lymphomatous meningitis and steroid-induced epidural lipomatosis: CT evaluation.
AB  - A case of spinal cord compression secondary to steroid-induced epidural
      lipomatosis is reported. The epidural lipomatosis developed in a setting of
      spinal lymphomatous leptomeningitis secondary to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma,
      an unusual type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a high frequency of leptomeningeal
      involvement. Computed tomography was invaluable in diagnosing epidural
      lipomatosis, despite the concomitant spinal lymphomatous leptomeningitis. To our
      knowledge this is the first case of epidural lipomatosis following chemotherapy
      for a malignancy.

PMID- 3872896
TI  - Late results of surgical and medical therapy for patients with coronary artery
      disease and depressed left ventricular function.
AB  - Late survival and freedom from myocardial infarction were determined for 192
      patients with coronary artery disease and depressed left ventricular ejection
      fraction at rest (less than or equal to 35%) determined by biplane angiography
      who were evaluated between 1970 and 1977. Seventy-seven patients had coronary
      artery bypass grafting and 115 patients were treated medically and were
      considered surgical candidates. The medical and surgical groups were comparable
      in all baseline characteristics examined except frequency of three vessel disease
      and angina pectoris, which occurred in a significantly greater percent of the
      surgically treated patients (p less than 0.01). Only three medically treated
      patients (2.6%) underwent coronary bypass grafting in the follow-up period. Seven
      year actuarial survival was 63% in the surgical and 34% in the medical group (p
      less than 0.001). Ninety-three percent of patients in the surgical group and 81%
      of those in the medical group were free of nonfatal myocardial infarction (p =
      0.01), and 62 and 33%, respectively, were alive and free of myocardial infarction
      (p less than 0.001) at 7 years. Significant differences in survival favoring
      surgical treatment were observed for the subsets of patients with an ejection
      fraction of 25% or less (p = 0.0002) and 26 to 35% (p = 0.01), and for the
      subsets with three vessel coronary disease (p less than 0.001), normal left
      ventricular end-diastolic volume (less than or equal to 100 ml/m2) (p = 0.005)
      and elevated end-diastolic volume (greater than 100 ml/m2)(p = 0.001). After
      adjustment for other important prognostic variables, the type of treatment
      remained significant in predicting the relative risk (medical to surgical) of
      mortality at 5 and 7 years (2.58 and 2.12, respectively). These data corroborate
      the trends observed in several randomized trials of medical and surgical therapy
      in patients with abnormal left ventricular function. If hospital mortality for
      coronary artery bypass grafting is less than 5%, substantial benefit can be
      anticipated for the majority of patients with depressed ventricular function.

PMID- 3872897
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiography in cardiac tamponade occurring after cardiac
      surgery.
AB  - Cardiac tamponade is an important complication after cardiac surgery, yet little
      has been published on the echocardiographic diagnosis of this situation. The two
      dimensional echocardiograms of 11 patients who required surgical relief of
      cardiac tamponade complicating cardiac surgery were therefore reviewed. Four had
      nonloculated pericardial effusions surrounding both ventricles. The other seven
      patients had a loculated posterior pericardial effusion; in three of these the
      effusion altered left ventricular posterior wall contour so that it was concave
      toward the effusion in the long-axis view; in two, a strikingly abnormal motion
      of the left ventricular posterior wall was noted, such that the width of the
      posterior pericardial space diminished in systole and widened abruptly in early
      diastole. The quantity of pericardial contents (fluid, blood or clot) evacuated
      surgically was smaller than usually encountered in patients with tamponade due to
      various "medical" conditions. Thus, unlike tamponade with other pericardial
      effusions, tamponade after cardiac surgery is due to a pericardial effusion that
      is smaller in volume, often loculated posteriorly and associated with certain
      unique two-dimensional echocardiographic features.

PMID- 3872898
TI  - Thrombolytic therapy during acute myocardial infarction due to sudden occlusion
      of the left main coronary artery.
AB  - Two patients who suffered from sudden occlusion of the left main coronary artery
      were successfully treated with intracoronary infusion of streptokinase. One of
      them underwent successful coronary bypass surgery and the other was treated with
      medical therapy only. The outcome of this highly lethal condition is discussed.

PMID- 3872899
TI  - Corneal changes in X-linked ichthyosis.
AB  - X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) is an inherited dermatological disorder which is
      characterized by dryness of the skin and thick scaling of the trunk and
      extremities. Nearly all cases demonstrate a specific corneal dystrophy which
      appears as a thin, gray-white, "frosted" layer deep in the stroma. Since other
      forms of ichthyosis present with similar cutaneous features causing confusion in
      the dermatological assessment, optometric identification of corneal changes in
      suspected individuals allows for definitive diagnosis. In addition, most female
      carriers of XLI present with corneal opacities of the same nature, although these
      are generally less prominent. Early detection of these corneal variations in
      mildly symptomatic females, and especially in sisters of affected males, can be
      the initial step toward identification of carriers of the trait.

PMID- 3872900
TI  - Recognition of alloantigen by cytotoxic T cell precursors is independent of the
      function of Ia+ cells.
AB  - The relationship between the requirement for Ia+ accessory cells (IaAC) and the
      differentiation of the precursor of CTL (PCTL) in the primary in vitro induction
      of allogeneic CTL was studied. The following observations were made PCTL can
      complete the antigen recognition step in the absence of IaAC. This process
      probably does not involve cell division. The sensitized PCTL require additional
      signals, which are provided through an IaAC-dependent process to differentiate
      into the effector CTL. IaAC from any of the responder, the stimulator, or even
      the third-party strains can fulfill the requirement. However, IaAC of the
      responder strain failed to generate the helper signal in the absence of
      allogeneic antigens. The cellular events taking place in the induction of CTL are
      discussed.

PMID- 3872901
TI  - Lyb-5+ B cells can be activated by major histocompatibility complex-restricted as
      well as unrestricted activation pathways.
AB  - It has previously been demonstrated that B cells can be activated through two
      distinct T helper (Th) cell-dependent pathways, one requiring both carrier-hapten
      linkage and MHC-restricted T-B interaction and the other requiring neither. In
      addition, it has been shown that different B cell subpopulations exist and that
      these subpopulations differ in their activation requirements. Previous studies
      demonstrated that resting B cells containing an Lyb-5+ subpopulation were
      activated by MHC-unrestricted T cell signals, whereas resting Lyb-5- B cells were
      activated only through MHC-restricted T-B interaction. It was suggested that this
      difference resulted from the ability of Lyb-5+ but not Lyb-5-B cells to respond
      to soluble MHC-unrestricted Th signals. Because Lyb-5+ B cells were responsive in
      these previous experiments to MHC-unrestricted Th signals, it could not be
      determined whether Lyb-5+ B cells were also responsive to MHC-restricted Th
      signals. Consequently, the present study was undertaken to directly address the
      question of whether Lyb-5+ B cells can be activated under appropriate conditions
      by MHC-restricted as well as unrestricted T cell-B cell interactions. It was
      found that unprimed normal B cells (containing Lyb-5+ and Lyb-5-B cells) but not
      unprimed xid-defective populations (Lyb-5- only) can be activated by cloned KLH
      specific and MHC-restricted Th cells in response to either high or low
      concentrations of TNP-KLH. The IgM response of Lyb-5+-containing B cells to a
      high concentration of antigen (10 micrograms/ml) was MHC unrestricted, whereas
      the IgM response of unprimed Lyb-5+ B cells to a low concentration of antigen
      (0.001 micrograms/ml) was MHC restricted. Thus, unprimed Lyb-5+ B cells can be
      activated through both MHC-restricted and unrestricted pathways. It was further
      demonstrated that the activation requirements of Lyb-5+ and Lyb-5- B cells
      differed even for MHC-restricted B cell activation.

PMID- 3872902
TI  - The specificity of the high endothelial venule in bronchus-associated lymphoid
      tissue (BALT).
AB  - By using an in vitro binding assay, the specificity of T and B cell adherence on
      high endothelial venules (HEV) of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) was
      studied in the rat and the guinea pig. It was found that the adherence
      specificity of the BALT HEV is different from that found in Peyer's patches and
      more closely resembles the specificity of the HEV in mesenteric lymph nodes. The
      data are discussed in view of a common mucosal immune system.

PMID- 3872903
TI  - Restoration of humoral immunity in vitro in immunodeficient aging mice by C8
      derivatized guanine ribonucleosides.
AB  - The relative capacities of two classes of immunomodulator to augment the
      deficient immunity of senescent mice were evaluated. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide
      (LPS) was used as the prototype for modulators that depend on normal membrane
      function for signal transduction, and 8-mercaptoguanosine (8MGuo) represents a
      class of immunomodulator that transverses the cell membrane and induces its
      effects from an intracellular location. The current studies demonstrate that
      8MGuo induces polyclonal immunoglobulin production in cultures from both young
      and senescent mice, whereas LPS can induce such activity only in cell cultures
      from young adult mice. Furthermore, LPS was unable to enhance the magnitude of
      antigen-specific responses in aged mice, in contrast to the marked adjuvant
      effects of 8MGuo. 8MGuo, but not LPS, provided an effective T cell-like signal
      that induced responsiveness to a T-dependent antigen in B cells from senescent
      mice. These B cells thus were able to transduce antigen-specific (first) but not
      nonspecific (second) signals, provided by agents such as LPS, across the cell
      membrane. Together, these observations suggest that the C8-derivatized guanine
      ribonucleosides substantially improve the immunodeficiency of aging by short
      circuiting a B cell defect and providing a perceived second signal to lymphocytes
      from senescent animals.

PMID- 3872904
TI  - The decline in murine splenic PHA and LPS responsiveness with age is primarily
      due to an intrinsic mechanism.
AB  - Changes in splenic B and T lymphocyte number and mitogenic activity with age were
      quantitated in (A X C57BL/6)F1 (AB6F1) hybrid mice. Although both the B and T
      lymphocyte proliferative reactivity to their respective mitogens,
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA), declined significantly
      with age, an earlier and more marked reduction was recorded for the T cell
      response. The decline in B and T lymphocyte mitogenic activity with age could not
      be correlated with a corresponding reduction in the percentage of splenic B or T
      lymphocytes. The main focus of this study was to determine if the reduction in T
      and B lymphocyte mitogenic activity with age results primarily from a mechanism
      intrinsic to the lymphoid lineage itself or from adverse extracellular factors
      that increase with age. Bone marrow cells (BMC) derived from individual young and
      old donor AB6F1 mice were transplanted into the neutral environment of young,
      lethally irradiated syngeneic recipients. Number and mitogenic activity of
      splenic T and B lymphocytes were recorded for the original BMC donors as well as
      for the recipients of the young and old BMC lines 9 mo after the BMC transplants.
      A predominance of the donor (male) rather than recipient (female) karyotype
      within the mitogen-responding populations of recipient mice confirmed a donor BMC
      take. The PHA and LPS response levels exhibited by the old donors were 30% and
      70% of those of the young donors, respectively. These differences in PHA and LPS
      reactivity recorded between young and old donors were maintained between
      recipients of young and old donor BMC lines. Thus, even under the influence of a
      young recipient environment, old BMC were incapable of giving rise to mitogen
      responding cells with a functional competence equivalent to that of their younger
      counterparts. This finding would lend further support to the theory that an
      intrinsic mechanism is responsible for the decline in murine mitogenic activity
      with age.

PMID- 3872905
TI  - Characterization of a human interleukin 1 inhibitor.
AB  - Human urine contains a specific inhibitor of interleukin 1 (IL 1) that is found
      in increased amounts during fever. This inhibitor was purified by using a
      sequence of ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE cellulose ion-exchange
      chromatography, molecular sieve chromatography on Sephacryl S-200, affinity
      chromatography on concanavalin A (Con A) Sepharose, and polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Two peaks of IL 1 inhibitory material were eluted from the
      polyacrylamide gels. One peak contained three proteins of 29, 32, and 67 kd,
      respectively, which could be visualized by silver staining. The second peak
      contained only a small amount of the 67 kd protein. A partially purified
      inhibitor fraction was found to cross-react with antisera directed against two
      low m.w. urine trypsin inhibitors that are cleavage products of the serum inter
      alpha-trypsin inhibitor. Although these findings suggest that the urine IL 1
      inhibitor may be related to the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor, a more exact
      identification will require either a homogeneous inhibitor preparation or a
      monospecific antiserum.

PMID- 3872906
TI  - Interleukin 2 (IL 2) administered in vivo: influence of IL 2 route and timing on
      T cell growth.
AB  - The influence of the route and the frequency of IL 2 administration on the
      ability of IL 2 to induce the growth of activated T cells in vivo was evaluated.
      Initial pharmacokinetic studies confirmed that i.v. injection of IL 2 results in
      a relatively high peak serum concentration, but a short serum half-life. By
      contrast, i.p. or subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of IL 2 results in a lower peak
      concentration but a prolonged serum half-life. The bioavailability of IL 2
      administered by these routes was assessed by measuring the in vivo growth of
      adoptively transferred T cells that had been previously cultured long-term with
      IL 2, because the growth of such cells in vivo has been shown to be proportional
      to the dose of IL 2 administered. The results demonstrated that i.p., s.c., or
      i.v. administration of IL 2 each resulted in marked donor T cell growth in vivo.
      Thus, IL 2 can function in vivo at sites distant to the sites of injection. In
      addition, the magnitude of T cell growth in vivo varied dependent on the route of
      IL 2 administration and correlated with the length of time IL 2 was detectable in
      serum, rather than the peak level achieved (i.e., IL 2 inoculated i.v. had the
      highest peak concentration but was least effective). As suggested by these
      findings, dividing the total dose of IL 2 into frequent low-dose injections was
      more effective in inducing T cell growth in vivo than was dividing the total dose
      of IL 2 into less frequent higher-dose injections. These studies confirm the
      great potential for IL 2 to induce the growth of activated of T cells in vivo and
      demonstrate that the rate of T cell growth reflects not only the dose but also
      the route and timing of IL 2 administration.

PMID- 3872907
TI  - BCGFII activity on activated B cells of a purified murine T cell-replacing factor
      (TRF) from a T cell hybridoma (B151K12).
AB  - Experiments were performed to examine a growth-promoting activity on B cells or B
      leukemic cells of T cell-replacing factor (TRF) produced by a murine T cell
      hybridoma (B151K12) which constitutively produces TRF. The cellfree supernatant
      (CFS) from B151K12 cells (B151-CFS) could induce terminal differentiation of pre
      activated B cells or in vivo passaged chronic B leukemia cells, BCL1, into
      immunoglobulin-secreting cells, while it did not exert a nominal lymphokine
      activity such as BCGFI (now known as BSFpl), IL 2, or gamma-interferon. However,
      it promoted [3H]thymidine uptake of dextran sulfate (DXS)-stimulated normal B
      cells and in vivo passaged BCL1 cells, suggesting that it also has BCGFII
      activity. We tried extensively to purify and to separate the TRF active molecule
      from the BCGFII active molecule by using many types of purification procedures.
      The purification scheme consisted of ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE
      cellulose chromatography, Blue-Sepharose chromatography, hydroxylapatite
      chromatography, and gel permeation with fast protein liquid chromatography
      (FPLC). It was revealed that the BCGFII active molecule was hardly separable from
      the TRF during the entire purification procedure. The TRF as well as BCGFII
      active materials were glycoprotein with an apparent m.w. of 50 to 60 Kd on gel
      permeation chromatography and 18 Kd on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. The
      BCGFII active materials were hardly separable from the TRF active one, even after
      a reverse-phase FPLC, in which both BCGFII and TRF activities were recovered in
      the fractions eluted at 44 to 48% acetonitrile in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid
      (TFA). Furthermore, the absorption of TRF and BCGFII active materials by using
      BCL1 cells removed not only TRF but also BCGFII activity. Moreover, B cell
      specific monoclonal antibody (9T1), which can preferentially block TRF-dependent
      plaque-forming cell responses, also inhibited the expression of BCGFII activity
      to BCL1 cells. Taking all of the results together, we conclude that the TRF from
      B151K12 cells promotes growth of appropriately activated, such as DXS-stimulated
      normal cells and BCL1 tumor cells. These results suggest that B151-TRF may act on
      B cells as B cell growth and differentiation factors.

PMID- 3872908
TI  - Carbohydrate chains on IgG2b: a requirement for efficient feedback
      immunosuppression.
AB  - The in vitro immunosuppressive ability of a monoclonal IgG2b-anti-trinitrophenyl
      antibody lacking carbohydrate chains (GORK-Tm) has been compared with the
      immunosuppressive ability of the intact antibody (GORK). The carbohydrate
      depletion of GORK-Tm was achieved by culturing the GORK hybridoma cells in media
      containing tunicamycin, an inhibitor of glycosylation. Both antibodies have been
      shown to have the same antigen and protein A-binding capacity, although GORK-Tm
      is deficient in complement fixation, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity,
      binding to Fc receptors on macrophages, and rapid elimination of antigen-antibody
      complexes from the circulation. It is shown in these studies that although GORK
      antibodies are efficient immunosuppressors, suppressing up to 95% of the plaque
      forming cell response, GORK-Tm antibody preparations with identical
      hemagglutinating and antigen-binding capacity are highly deficient in suppressing
      the immune response. These findings are of interest in two ways. First, it shows
      that the carbohydrate chains are of great importance for the immunosuppressive
      effects of IgG. Secondly, it also shows that the isotype IgG2b, in addition to
      all other murine isotypes, can efficiently suppress the humoral immune response.

PMID- 3872909
TI  - Modulation of the biologic activities of IgE-binding factors. VII. Biochemical
      mechanisms by which glycosylation-enhancing factor activates phospholipase in
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Cells of the T cell hybridoma 23A4 produce IgE-binding factors lacking N-linked
      oligosaccharides (unglycosylated form) when they are incubated with IgE alone. In
      the presence of glycosylation-enhancing factor (GEF) or bradykinin, however, the
      same cells produce IgE-binding factors with N-linked oligosaccharides
      (glycosylated form). Switching the cells from the formation of unglycosylated IgE
      binding factors to the formation of glycosylated factors was accompanied by the
      release of both glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF) in its phosphorylated form,
      i.e., phosphorylated lipomodulin, and arachidonate from the cells. Analysis of
      the biochemical processes for the release of GIF from 23A4 cells showed that
      affinity-purified GEF or bradykinin induced transient phospholipid methylation
      and diacylglycerol (DAG) formation, and enhanced 45Ca uptake into the cells.
      Inhibitors of methyltransferases, i.e., 3-deaza-adenosine plus L-homocysteine
      thiolactone, inhibited not only phospholipid methylation but also DAG formation
      and GIF release. Exogenously added 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl glycerol, i.e., a DAG that
      is permeable to the plasma membrane, induced the release of GIF from the cells.
      It was also found that 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) switched 23A4
      cells and normal lymphocytes to the selective formation of N-glycosylated IgE
      binding factor, and induced the release of GIF from the cells. 32PO4-labeled
      lipomodulin was detected in the extract of 23A4 cells 3 to 5 min after the
      addition of GEF, bradykinin, or TPA. These results indicate that GEF and
      bradykinin induced the activation of methyltransferases and phospholipase C for
      the formation of DAG, which in turn activated Ca2+-activated, phospholipid
      dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) for the phosphorylation of
      lipomodulin. Because lipomodulin loses phospholipase inhibitory activity after
      phosphorylation, increased phospholipase A2 activity would be expressed by this
      process.

PMID- 3872910
TI  - Chronic Giardia muris infection in anti-IgM-treated mice. I. Analysis of
      immunoglobulin and parasite-specific antibody in normal and immunoglobulin
      deficient animals.
AB  - To investigate the role of B cells and antibody in the immune response of mice to
      the murine intestinal parasite Giardia muris, we used mice treated from birth
      with rabbit anti-IgM antisera (aIgM). Such mice developed in serum and in gut
      secretions extreme Ig deficiency (IgM, IgA, and IgG) relative to control animals.
      The aIgM-treated mice showed no anti-G. muris antibody in serum or in gut wash
      material. Infections of G. muris in these mice were chronic, with a high load of
      parasite present in the small bowel, as reflected by prolonged cyst excretion
      (greater than 11 wk) and high trophozoite counts. In contrast, normal, untreated
      mice or NRS-treated animals developed anti-parasite IgA and IgG antibody in
      serum, demonstrated IgA antibody against the parasite in gut washings, and
      expelled the parasite within 9 wk. These effects of aIgM treatment on the murine
      response to primary infection with G. muris were demonstrated in two strains of
      mice: BALB/c and (C57BL/6 X C3H/He) F1. It was also observed that the response to
      G. muris infection in untreated animals was characterized by higher than normal
      total secretion of IgA into the gut and a concomitant increase in the serum
      polymeric IgA level. Mice treated with aIgM had a marked decrease of both
      monomeric and polymeric IgA in serum, and little detectable IgA in the intestinal
      lumen. These experiments provide the first demonstration that anti-IgM treatment
      suppresses a specific intestinal antibody response to antigen, and provide
      evidence that B cells and antibody play a role in the development of an effective
      response to a primary infection with G. muris in mice.

PMID- 3872911
TI  - In vitro expression of factor-mediated cytotoxic activity generated during the
      immune response to Chlamydia in the mouse.
AB  - Supernatant fluid (SF) prepared by mitogen incubation of spleen cells from A/J
      mice previously immunized against lethal challenge by the 6BC strain of Chlamydia
      psittaci was cytotoxic for mouse fibroblasts (L cells) infected with 6BC, as
      detected by the [3H]thymidine release assay and the trypan blue exclusion test.
      In contrast, SF prepared from spleen cells taken from unimmunized animals
      (controls) was not cytotoxic when added to infected L cells. No cytotoxicity was
      observed when SF was added to uninfected L cells. Maximal levels of cytotoxicity
      were observed only from cells infected with 6BC for at least 26 hr and exposed to
      SF for greater than 20 hr. Furthermore, the degree of cytotoxicity was dependent
      on both the dose of Chlamydia administered and the concentration of SF in the
      medium. We conclude that the capacity to secrete a spleen cell cytotoxic factor
      is an aspect of the immune response against the obligate intracellular
      prokaryotic pathogen Chlamydia. Our results indicate that SF-mediated
      cytotoxicity is induced subsequent to immunization with Chlamydia, and is
      significantly more pronounced against infected as opposed to uninfected L cells.

PMID- 3872912
TI  - Immunologic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of virus-induced leukemia. IV.
      Mechanism of target cell recognition by autoreactive thymocytes.
AB  - Neonatal infection of mice with Moloney murine leukemia virus (MuLV-M) results in
      the establishment of a chronic virus-carrier state. Such MuLV-carrier mice
      exhibit several immunologic abnormalities including generalized immunosuppression
      and autoimmunity. Previously, we found thymocytes from MuLV-M-carrier mice to be
      cytotoxic for normal syngeneic and allogeneic fibroblasts but not for xenogeneic
      (hamster) target cells. However, when the same syngeneic or allogeneic target
      cells were infected with MuLV-M, they were "spared" from the autoreactivity,
      leading us to speculate that the MuLV receptor on the target cell membrane was
      involved in the autoreactivity. To address this question, we tested MuLV-carrier
      thymocytes for their ability to lyse hamster/mouse-hybrid target cells; some of
      which possessed chromosome 5 (which codes for the ecotropic MuLV receptor). Of
      the nine hybrid cell lines initially tested, only the five clones that carried
      chromosome 5 were killed by the autoreactive thymocytes. In additional
      experiments, we noted that the cytotoxic reaction was inhibited in the presence
      of a monoclonal antibody that reacts with an MuLV-M gp70 epitope. The results
      suggest that the autoreactive cytotoxicity is mediated, at least in part, through
      the formation of a "bridge" between MuLV budding from the membrane of the
      thymocytes and the ecotropic MuLV receptor on the target cells.

PMID- 3872913
TI  - The immunological basis of tumor rejection: the absolute dependence of the
      effector arm on sensitized T cells after chemoimmunotherapy of a murine sarcoma.
AB  - The mechanisms of tumor rejection were investigated by using a therapeutic model
      system involving treatment of C57BL/6J (B6) mice bearing the syngeneic MCA/76-9
      or the unrelated MCA/76-64 sarcomas with cytoxan and tumor-sensitized T
      lymphocytes. Separated tumor-associated T lymphocytes (TAL) and tumor-associated
      macrophages (TAM) isolated from the regressing tumors 8 to 10 days after
      combination therapy expressed relatively specific cytotoxicity in vitro, whereas
      the unseparated tumor-associated cells (TAC), consisting of a mixture of TAL and
      TAM, expressed nonspecific cytotoxicity. TAM-mediated cytotoxicity was not
      dependent on the presence of TAL, as shown by T cell depletion of TAM or TAC
      cultures with the use of monoclonal anti-Thy-1 or anti-Lyt-2 antibody and
      complement. In contrast, the nonspecific cytotoxicity was dependent on the
      presence of T cells. In vivo assays using the Winn test failed to confirm certain
      aspects of the in vitro data. Without exception, the TAC inhibited tumor growth
      in an immunologically specific manner, having no effect on the growth of the
      unrelated B6 sarcoma. T cell depletion completely abrogated in vivo cytotoxicity.
      Specificity of tumor growth inhibition was confirmed in a bystander experiment in
      which TAC were mixed with both tumor cell types and were injected into recipient
      B6 mice. Tumors grew under these conditions, but the tumor that grew consisted
      only of those tumor cells toward which TAC cytotoxicity was not specifically
      directed. A bioassay indicated that the specifically immune antitumor effects at
      the site of regression were initiated between days 3 and 7 after combination
      therapy. By days 7 and 9, few tumorigenic stem cells could be detected at the
      tumor site. However, T cell depletion of the TAC isolated on days 8 to 10
      resulted in enhanced tumor growth when the depleted TAC were injected into
      recipient mice. The conclusions reached were that tumor rejection was absolutely
      dependent on T cell participation at the tumor site, and that if TAM were
      involved, they required the presence of TAL and did not express nonspecific
      antitumor cytotoxicity. Indeed, the accelerated tumor growth seen in the absence
      of TAL suggested the possibility that TAM were growth stimulatory.

PMID- 3872914
TI  - Liquid nitrogen storage of cultured T lymphocytes.
AB  - The conditions required for storing and recovering IL-2-dependent T cell clones
      from liquid nitrogen were investigated. For maximum cell recovery, cultured T
      lymphocytes were precooled at 4 degrees C for 15 min in medium containing 10%
      DMSO and 20% FCS before storage in liquid nitrogen. This method allowed adequate
      time for DMSO to penetrate the cells before freezing.

PMID- 3872915
TI  - Use of Millipore diffusion chambers to assay in vivo IL-2 activity.
AB  - Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells were grown from C57BL/6 mouse spleen
      cells by culturing the cells with recombinant human IL-2 (r-IL-2). The unlabeled
      or [3H]uridine-labeled LAK cells were enclosed in a diffusion chamber, which was
      implanted into the peritoneal cavity of a syngeneic mouse, and the mouse was
      treated with an i.p. injection of r-IL-2 or saline (control). In order to detect
      the activity of administered r-IL-2, the diffusion chambers were taken out from
      the mice 20-40 h after the implantation, and the viability and cytotoxic activity
      of LAK cells in the chambers were determined by measuring the radioactivity of
      the cells and their cytotoxicity to EL 4 mouse leukemia cells respectively. When
      the mice were treated with saline, the radioactivity of LAK cells was greatly
      decreased. However, when the mice were treated with r-IL-2, the radioactivity of
      LAK cells was sustained. An i.p. administration of IL-2 also prevented any
      decrease in the cytotoxic activity of LAK cells.

PMID- 3872916
TI  - Potential risks of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis in neutropenic
      patients.

PMID- 3872917
TI  - Regulation of interleukin 1 production by alpha and beta interferons: evidence
      for both direct and indirect enhancement.
AB  - In this paper, the influence of interferons alpha + beta (IFN alpha + beta) on
      the levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) produced by murine peritoneal exudate
      macrophages following subsequent stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS),
      colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), or both was investigated. The results
      indicate that preincubation with IFN alpha + beta enhances IL-1 production in
      response to CSF-1 as well as to LPS. Moreover, prior exposure to IFN alpha + beta
      enhanced the apparently synergistic production of IL-1 in response to the two
      stimuli combined. Lastly, IFN alpha + beta in dosages exceeding 1,000 u/ml
      appeared to directly stimulate IL-1 production by exudate macrophages. Direct and
      augmented stimulation of IL-1 production by IFN alpha + beta could be neutralized
      by addition of highly specific anti-IFN alpha + beta antiserum. The significance
      of these findings in terms of the reported inflammatory and pyrogenic effects of
      IFN is discussed.

PMID- 3872918
TI  - Poly I:C or IFN-alpha/beta treatment inhibits macrophage induced T cell
      proliferation.
AB  - IFN-alpha/beta has been previously shown to cause the suppression of various
      immune responses. The reason for this immunosuppression, however, remains
      unknown. The studies described in this report demonstrate that treatment of mice
      with poly I:C or partially purified IFN alpha/beta inhibited the ability of KLH
      pulsed macrophages to induce proliferation of KLH immune T cells. This failure to
      generate antigen induced proliferation was not caused by the production of
      prostaglandins or other suppressive molecules by IFN treated macrophages, nor did
      this treatment induce suppressor macrophages.

PMID- 3872919
TI  - Cervical cancer mortality trends in Kentucky, 1971-83.

PMID- 3872920
TI  - Program and abstracts for a symposium on the physiologic, metabolic, and
      immunologic actions of interleukin-1. Ann Arbor, June 4-6, 1985.

PMID- 3872921
TI  - Effect of epidermal growth factor on glucosamine-6-phosphate synthetase activity
      in the colon of neonatal mice.
AB  - Epidermal growth factor (EGF), administered subcutaneously to neonatal mice at
      daily doses of 1,2 and 4 micrograms/g body weight for 3 days, significantly
      increased glucosamine-6-phosphate synthetase activity in the colon. A single
      injection of EGF at doses of 2 and 4 micrograms/g body weight also significantly
      increased enzyme activity. When administered to mature mice, EGF (4 micrograms/g
      body weight for 3 days) had no apparent effect on the enzyme activity. From these
      results, we suggest that EGF acts as a trophic factor for the maturation of the
      colonic mucosa of neonatal mice.

PMID- 3872922
TI  - Interleukin 2-induced proliferation of leukemic human B cells.
AB  - The proliferative responses of purified leukemic human B cells from nine B cell
      chronic lymphocytic leukemias to recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2), spontaneously,
      and after preactivation by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC) or anti-mu
      antibodies were studied. Three patterns of response were observed: (a) no
      response (three cases); (b) a moderate spontaneous response enhanced by anti-mu
      (one case); (c) a high proliferative response after preactivation by anti-mu
      and/or SAC (five cases). IL-2 could also trigger normal B cells, purified from
      spleen, to proliferative after preactivation by anti-mu or SAC. These results
      provide evidence that IL-2 is a lymphokine that acts physiologically on both B
      and T cells.

PMID- 3872923
TI  - Lack of gene rearrangement and mRNA expression of the beta chain of the T cell
      receptor in spontaneous rat large granular lymphocyte leukemia lines.
AB  - Using the murine cDNA clone for the beta chain of the T cell antigen receptor, we
      have examined four highly cytotoxic rat large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia
      lines for the expression of unique rearrangements and mRNA transcription of the
      genes coding for the T cell antigen receptor. In contrast to normal rat T cells
      and nine rat T cell lines, the LGL leukemia lines exhibited no detectable gene
      rearrangements in the beta chain locus after digestion of LGL DNA by four
      restriction enzymes. Northern blots containing RNA from these LGL tumor lines
      demonstrated a low level of aberrant or nonrearranged beta chain transcription
      (less than 10 copies per cell) but virtually no translatable 1.3 kilobase
      message. These results demonstrate that LGL leukemia lines which mediate both
      natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
      activities do not express the beta chain of the T cell receptor. The nature of
      the NK cell receptor for antigen remains elusive.

PMID- 3872924
TI  - T cell receptor alpha chain genes are located on chromosome 14 at 14q11-14q12 in
      humans.
AB  - A cDNA clone encoding the alpha chain of the human T cell receptor was used in
      connection with somatic cell human-rodent hybrids to determine that the genes
      coding for the alpha chain are located on chromosome 14 in humans. In situ
      hybridization confirms this result and further localizes these genes to 14q11
      14q12 on this chromosome. Since this region of chromosome has been shown to be
      nonrandomly involved in a number of T cell neoplasias, this assignment raises a
      number of interesting questions as to the possible involvement of the T cell
      receptor alpha chain genes in tumorigenesis.

PMID- 3872925
TI  - Purification of cachectin, a lipoprotein lipase-suppressing hormone secreted by
      endotoxin-induced RAW 264.7 cells.
AB  - Previous studies have indicated that endotoxin and other bacterial and protozoal
      products can stimulate macrophages to produce a factor that can suppress the
      activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL), in vivo and in vitro. In the
      present report we describe the purification of this factor, cachectin, to
      apparent homogeneity from the conditioned medium of endotoxin-stimulated RAW
      264.7 cells. The isolated protein has an isoelectric point of 4.7 and a subunit
      molecular weight of 17,000. Although cachectin's isoelectric point and molecular
      weight are similar to those described for interleukin 1, pure cachectin has no
      leukocyte-activating factor (LAF) activity. Cachectin at a concentration of 10(
      11) M has the ability to suppress the LPL activity of the 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell
      line by 80%. Binding studies using radio-labeled cachectin and 3T3-L1 adipocytes
      and C2 myotubules revealed approximately 10(4) high-affinity receptors per cell
      on both cell types (Ka, 3 X 10(9]. Cachectin receptors were also present on liver
      membranes but were absent on erythrocytes and lymphocytes. The isolation of
      cachectin and characterization of its receptor should facilitate further
      investigations into the role of cachectin and other macrophage mediators in the
      metabolic derangements that occur during infection and cachexia.

PMID- 3872926
TI  - Assessing clinical judgment with standardized patients.
AB  - Family physicians and general practitioners see the majority of patients with
      uncomplicated rheumatic disease, yet information on database collection and
      clinical judgment in such practices is limited. Trained patients with
      uncomplicated rheumatic disease (standardized patients) were used to evaluate
      these abilities in 26 family physicians at the University of Arizona College of
      Medicine in blinded, but previously consented to, brief new encounters. Ability
      to formulate an assessment and to plan was evaluated as well as ability to
      collect diagnostic information. Few physicians explored the psychosocial impact
      of the illness (4 percent) or the role of depression (0 percent). In the brief
      encounter with a localized complaint, little inquiry was directed to systemic
      disease (46 percent). Physicians more uniformly asked about the chief complaint
      (96 percent) and time of onset (88 percent). Physical examination items most
      commonly omitted were evaluation of systemic joint involvement (69 percent) and
      muscle wasting in the involved area (59 percent). Referral occurred on 15 percent
      of encounters and patient education occurred in 62 percent. Three quarters of
      physicians developed an adequate assessment and virtually all developed an
      adequate patient care plan.

PMID- 3872927
TI  - Calcium influx in contracting and paralyzed frog twitch muscle fibers.
AB  - Calcium uptake produced by a potassium contracture in isolated frog twitch fibers
      was 6.7 +/- 0.8 pmol in 0.7 cm of fiber (mean +/- SEM, 21 observations) in the
      presence of 30 microM D600. When potassium was applied to fibers paralyzed by the
      combination of 30 microM D600, cold, and a prior contracture, the calcium uptake
      fell to 3.0 +/- 0.7 pmol (11): the fibers were soaked in 45Ca in sodium Ringer
      for 3 min before 45Ca, in a potassium solution, was added for 2 min; each
      estimate of uptake was corrected for 5 min of resting influx, measured from the
      same fiber (average = 2.3 +/- 0.3 pmol). The calcium influx into paralyzed fibers
      is unrelated to contraction. This voltage-sensitive, slowly inactivating influx,
      which can be blocked by 4 mM nickel, has properties similar to the calcium
      current described by several laboratories. The paired difference in calcium
      uptake between contracting and paralyzed fibers, 2.9 +/- 0.8 pmol (16), is a
      component of influx related to contraction. Its size varies with contracture size
      and it occurs after tension production: 45Ca applied immediately after
      contracture is taken up in essentially the same amounts as 45Ca added before
      contraction. This delayed uptake is probably a "reflux" refilling a binding site
      on the cytoplasmic side of the T membrane, which had been emptied during the
      prior contracture, perhaps to initiate it. We detect no component of calcium
      uptake related to excitation-contraction coupling occurring before or during a
      contracture.

PMID- 3872929
TI  - Pregnancy and the susceptibility of Lewis rats to experimental allergic
      encephalomyelitis.
AB  - Pregnant Lewis rats challenged with encephalitogen during the second or third
      week of gestation were afforded a high level of protection against experimental
      allergic encephalomyelitis, whilst females sensitised during the first week of
      pregnancy enjoyed only limited protection from clinical signs of disease. When
      rechallenged with encephalitogen, females which had been sensitised during
      pregnancy were marginally more susceptible to reinduction of clinical signs of
      disease than their virgin counterparts. Mothers inoculated during the first week
      of gestation were the only group to produce abnormal young.

PMID- 3872928
TI  - Rhythmic synthesis of various 5-methoxyindoles in the pineal gland of male adult
      golden hamsters, kept under the same artificial conditions throughout the year.
AB  - Until now the day/night and seasonal rhythmicity in the synthesis of 5
      methoxyindoles (MI) is thought to be regulated by environmental factors,
      especially photoperiod and temperature. Endogenous factors are also implicated in
      the generation of N-acetyltransferase and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase
      activity rhythms. In the present experiments seasonal rhythmicity in the
      synthesis of MI in the pineal gland was investigated in hamsters kept under the
      same artificial conditions throughout the year. Though the environmental
      conditions were the same, day/night and seasonal rhythmicity in the production of
      MI in the pineal were observed indicating the existence of endogenous factors
      influencing the rhythmicities. In November, most of the MI showed the highest
      synthesis, MA and ML excepted, which were especially produced in July and
      September. The results obtained sustain the hypothesis that aMT is synthesized
      from MT rather than from aHT. Moreover, the rhythmicities in aMT synthesis are
      not identical to those found in aMT concentration as described in the literature.
      This indicates that synthesis and concentration of a compound are not comparable.
      At the end of the light period, when aMT injections have an antigonadotropic
      effect, a peak of aMT synthesis was always present. Although MI synthesis showed
      seasonal rhythmicity, no reproductive cycle occurred in the hamsters. At present,
      the concept that the pro- and/or antigonadal effects of the pineal are mediated
      by aMT seems to be the most acceptable. The present results, however, indicate
      that aMT and perhaps other MI, often regarded as factors influencing gonadal
      growth in golden hamsters, are not the only factors involved.

PMID- 3872930
TI  - Image reconstruction from coded data: I. Reconstruction algorithms and
      experimental results.
AB  - Two algorithms have been developed for reconstructing objects from their coded
      images and a priori knowledge of the object class. Reconstructions from both
      algorithms are presented, but the results appear to be largely independent of the
      algorithm used. One of the algorithms, a Monte Carlo approach, is used to
      investigate the quality of the reconstruction of two- and three-dimensional
      objects from simulated coded-image data with respect to viewing geometry and
      multiplexing (mixing) of the data. The cases examined include reconstructions
      from data with and without signal-dependent photon noise. It is found that
      reconstructing from multiplexed data is not so serious a problem as
      reconstructing from data obtained with a limited viewing angle. Also, when photon
      noise is included in the data, reconstructions obtained from multiplexed data are
      better than those obtained from unmultiplexed data because of the higher photon
      count made available by multiplexing. It appears that the fidelity of a
      reconstruction depends much more strongly on the design of the data-taking system
      (the coded apertures) than on the reconstruction algorithm.

PMID- 3872931
TI  - Image reconstruction from coded data: II. Code design.
AB  - A strategy is given for the design of coded apertures with respect to a given
      class of objects that are to be imaged. Previous knowledge of the first- and
      second-order statistics for the object class is assumed. The object class is
      characterized by its Karhunen-Loeve eigenvectors and eigenvalues, whereas the
      imaging system is characterized by its singular-value decomposition. We introduce
      the concept of alignment in which the aperture parameters are adjusted until the
      system is tuned to measure the given object class well. A mean-square-error
      figure of merit that indicates degree of alignment is given, and alignment is
      performed by standard optimization techniques. We illustrate this technique with
      a simple proof-of-principle experiment. These concepts are general and may be
      applied to any linear imaging system.

PMID- 3872932
TI  - Colonic ulceration in histiocytosis X.
AB  - Gastrointestinal symptoms in histiocytosis X are distinctly unusual. This report
      describes a 5-month-old infant with a prolonged history of lower gastrointestinal
      bleeding which was found to be caused by diffuse histiocytic infiltration of the
      colon. Immunopathologic and electron microscopic studies confirmed the diagnosis
      of histiocytosis X. The differential diagnosis of lower gastrointestinal bleeding
      in young children should include histiocytosis X.

PMID- 3872933
TI  - Amebiasis presenting as rectal bleeding without diarrhea in childhood.
AB  - A 6-year-old boy with no history of foreign travel had presented with rectal
      bleeding without diarrhea for 2 months. Despite negative stool cultures, a
      diagnosis of intestinal amebiasis was made by colonoscopy with tissue biopsy. In
      cases of persistent rectal bleeding, even without diarrhea, a diagnosis of
      amebiasis should be considered. When routine stool parasite examinations are
      negative, unsuspected amebiasis may be diagnosed by sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy
      with tissue biopsy.

PMID- 3872934
TI  - Hemorrhagic complications of Henoch-Schonlein syndrome.
AB  - Two patients are described with atypical manifestations of Henoch-Schonlein
      syndrome. One patient suffered severe intracranial hemorrhage and a subsequent
      massive gastric hemorrhage. The other patient developed an asymptomatic
      serosanguinous pleural effusion. Both had evidence of profound
      hypoprothrombinemia at the time of admission. Aggressive management of any
      coagulopathy accompanying Henoch-Schonlein syndrome is cardinal in order to
      prevent life-threatening complications such as gastrointestinal, intracranial,
      and pulmonary hemorrhage.

PMID- 3872935
TI  - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to Mallory-Weiss syndrome in an infant.
AB  - A Mallory-Weiss tear of the gastroesophageal mucosa is reported as an unusual
      cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a 3-week-old infant. The lesion,
      documented by endoscopy, appeared to follow hiccups. The bleeding responded to
      conservative medical management and resolved without surgical intervention.

PMID- 3872936
TI  - Relation between control of diabetes and gingival bleeding.
AB  - The periodontal health status of 50 adult diabetics and 53 healthy controls was
      examined. The diabetic group was further divided into three subgroups according
      to the control of diabetes. Comparison between the entire diabetic group and the
      control group did not reveal any differences in either the amount of etiologic
      factors or in the degree of gingival changes. On the other hand when the
      subgroups of diabetic patients were examined, those with poorly controlled
      diabetes suffered significantly more from gingival bleeding than those with good
      or moderate control. The difference in the amount of gingival bleeding between
      diabetics with poor control and the control group was also statistically
      significant. The amount of etiologic factors, however, was similar in all the
      studied diabetic subgroups indicating an independent significance of the degree
      of control of diabetes. No correlation was found between duration, complications
      and medication of diabetes and gingival bleeding. The reason for increased
      bleeding in poorly controlled diabetics could be either inflammation or vascular
      changes in the gingiva.

PMID- 3872937
TI  - Effects of calcium and substrate on force-velocity relation and energy turnover
      in skinned smooth muscle of the guinea-pig.
AB  - Mechanical properties and rate of ATP breakdown (JATP) have been determined in
      the chemically skinned guinea-pig taenia coli at 22 degrees C. The influence of
      varied [Ca2+], [Mg ATP] and muscle length were investigated. The shortening
      response after a step decrease in force (isotonic quick release) was highly
      curvilinear in the first 100-200 ms. This effect was shown to be a time-dependent
      response to the force step and not primarily caused by the shift along the length
      force relation associated with shortening. Maximal shortening velocity (Vmax)
      decreased gradually following the release. At pCa (= -log [Ca2+]) 4.5, Vmax at 20
      and 1000 ms after release was 0.49 +/- 0.07 and 0.041 +/- 0.004 (mean +/- S.E. of
      mean, n = 5) lengths s-1 respectively. Unloaded shortening velocity obtained from
      length steps of different magnitude (slack test) also showed a gradual decrease
      after the release, consistent with the isotonic release results. Increasing
      [Ca2+] from the relaxed state at pCa 9 (1 microM-calmodulin present) gave
      increased isometric force to a maximum at pCa 4.5. Half-maximal response was
      obtained at pCa 6.1. JATP at maximal force at pCa 4.5 was about 3 times the basal
      rate at pCa 9. The relation between JATP and force was highly non-linear, with a
      marked increase in JATP with little alteration in force at the highest [Ca2+].
      When force was reduced to zero at pCa 4.5 by shortening the muscle to 0.3 L0 (L0
      being the length giving maximal active force), JATP decreased by about 30%. At
      two levels of [Ca2+] giving similar force (pCa 5.75 and 4.5) the energetic
      tension cost obtained by length variations was lower at the low [Ca2+]. At pCa
      6.0, Vmax and force were decreased to the same extent relative to their values at
      pCa 4.5. At pCa 5.75, where there was no reduction in force but a 25% decrease in
      isometric JATP, Vmax was unchanged relative to pCa 4.5. Force, Vmax and JATP were
      all dependent on [Mg ATP]. Half-maximal response was obtained at 0.1 mM for force
      and Vmax, and at 0.5 mM for JATP. The results are discussed in relation to a
      possible influence of both Ca2+ and Mg ATP on kinetic properties of the cross
      bridge cycle.

PMID- 3872938
TI  - Tension transients during steady shortening of frog muscle fibres.
AB  - Single intact fibres from frog muscle at 0-1 degrees C were stimulated to produce
      isometric tetani at a sarcomere length of about 2.25 micron, using a spot
      follower apparatus to control the length of the central part of a fibre. When the
      plateau of the tetanus was reached the fibre was forced to shorten by applying a
      step and ramp length change in an approximation to an isotonic release. When
      tension had reached a steady level, Ti, during shortening, tension transients
      were elicited by applying step changes of length, complete within 0.2 ms, ranging
      from a stretch of 1.5 nm per half-sarcomere to a release of 6 nm per half
      sarcomere. The tension transients recorded during shortening were qualitatively
      similar to those previously recorded in isometric tetani. There were four phases:
      phase 1, the change of tension during the step; phase 2, a rapid partial recovery
      of tension; phase 3, a delay or reversal of recovery; phase 4, a slower recovery
      of tension to the level before the step was applied. Measurements were made of
      the extreme tension, T1, attained during a step, and the level, T2, to which
      tension recovers in phase 2. The excursion of tension, [T1-Ti], during a small
      step of given size, fell with increase of shortening velocity, reaching about 40%
      of the isometric value near the maximum velocity of shortening. T2 fell as
      shortening velocity was increased and the fraction of steady tension recovered,
      T2/Ti, also decreased, so that the proportion of tension recovery in phase 4
      increased. All the recovery phases became progressively more rapid with increase
      of shortening velocity. The early tension response was matched with a delay-line
      simulator so as to estimate the value of the instantaneous stiffness. Stiffness
      during shortening was found to decrease approximately linearly with tension,
      reaching about 35% of the isometric value as tension approached zero. It was
      impossible to match the early tension response in a rapidly shortening fibre
      without assuming decreased stiffness. The decline of stiffness is interpreted as
      due largely to reduced number of attached cross-bridges, but quantitative
      estimates would be affected by possible filament compliance and non-linearity of
      cross-bridge stiffness. The decrease in T2 also suggests fewer cross-bridges are
      attached as shortening velocity increases, but uncertainties about the processes
      determining phase 2 during shortening do not permit a precise estimate of
      stiffness to be made.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3872939
TI  - Movements of cross-bridges during and after slow length changes in active frog
      skeletal muscle.
AB  - The cross-bridge movements underlying the tension responses of active muscle to
      slow length changes were studied by a time-resolved X-ray diffraction method.
      During an isometric tetanus at 2 degrees C, the meridional reflexion at 1/14.3 nm
      1 was 55% more intense than in the resting state, suggesting that the myosin
      heads maintain the 14.3 nm periodicity of the thick filament. When active muscle
      was stretched by 7% at a constant speed of 0.03-0.70 muscle lengths s-1, the
      intensity of the meridional reflexion decreased progressively as the tension
      increased continuously during the stretch. This suggests that the myosin heads
      spread out along the thick filament. During stress relaxation after a stretch,
      the intensity returned gradually toward the active isometric level, suggesting a
      rearrangement of the myosin heads. The meridional intensity changed in a similar
      manner when active muscle was released by 7% at the same speeds; it decreased
      progressively during the release and returned gradually to the isometric level
      after completion of the release. The intensity decrease during a release was
      smaller than that during a stretch, provided the speed was low (0.03-0.09 muscle
      lengths s-1). It was concluded that the tension responses to slow length changes
      are due to shifts of the myosin heads along the thick filament, and that the
      elastic element responsible for tension production is located in the myosin
      molecules.

PMID- 3872940
TI  - Studies on 4(1H)-quinazolinones. 5. Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of
      4(1H)-quinazolinone derivatives.
AB  - A number of new 4(1H)-quinazolinones were synthesized and evaluated in the
      carrageenin-induced paw edema test. Most of the compounds were obtained by the
      cyclization of the appropriately substituted anthranilamides with acid chlorides,
      followed by further chemical transformation. Structure-activity data suggest that
      2-isopropyl-1-phenyl-, 2-cyclopropyl-1-phenyl-, and 1-isopropyl-2-phenyl-4(1H)
      quinazolinones afford optimal potency and the presence of a halogen atom is
      preferred for activity. Adrenalectomy does not affect the antiinflammatory test
      results. The best result taking into account both efficacy and side effects was
      displayed by 1-isopropyl-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-(1H)-quinazolinone (50).

PMID- 3872941
TI  - Methotrexate analogues. 25. Chemical and biological studies on the gamma-tert
      butyl esters of methotrexate and aminopterin.
AB  - gamma-tert-Butylaminopterin (gamma-tBAMT), the first example of an aminopterin
      (AMT) gamma-monoester, was synthesized, and new routes to the known N10-methyl
      analogue gamma-tert-butyl methotrexate (gamma-tBMTX) were developed. The
      inhibitory effects of gamma-tBAMT on the activity of purified dihydrofolate
      reductase (DHFR) from L1210 murine leukemia cells, the growth of L1210 cells and
      CEM human leukemic lymphoblasts in suspension culture, and the growth of several
      lines of human squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in monolayer culture
      were compared with the effects of gamma-tBMTX and the parent acids AMT and
      methotrexate (MTX). Patterns of cross-resistance to gamma-tBAMT, gamma-tBMTX, and
      AMT among several MTX-resistant cell lines were examined. In vivo antitumor
      activities of gamma-tBAMT and gamma-tBMTX were compared in mice with L1210
      leukemia. While the activity of gamma-tBAMT was very close to that of gamma-tBMTX
      in the DHFR inhibition assay, the AMT ester was more potent than the MTX ester
      against cells in culture and against L1210 leukemia in vivo. Only partial cross
      resistance was shown against gamma-tBMTX and gamma-tBAMT in cultured cells that
      were resistant to MTX by virtue of a transport defect or a combination of
      defective transport and elevated DHFR activity.

PMID- 3872942
TI  - Monoclonal antibody-defined B lymphocyte subpopulations in primary
      immunodeficiency disorders.
AB  - Peripheral blood from 23 patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVI) and
      5 with selective IgA deficiency (SIAD) was examined for the proportions of B
      lymphocytes defined with monoclonal antibodies FMC 1 and FMC 7. In healthy
      controls, FMC 1 monoclonal antibody reacts with antigen present on almost all
      surface Ig+ B lymphocytes; FMC 7 monoclonal antibody reacts with antigen present
      only a subset of surface Ig+ and FMC 1+ B cells. In 13 of 23 patients with CVI
      and all patients with SIAD, a relative increase in FMC 7+ B cells, resulting in
      proportions of FMC 7+ B cell comparable to surface Ig+ or FMC 1+ B cells was
      observed. These data suggest abnormality of the proportion of B cell subsets in
      patients with CVI and SIAD that could suggest an intrinsic defect of B cells in
      these disorders.

PMID- 3872943
TI  - OKT4+ and OKT8+ cell subset values and HLA-DR phenotypes.
AB  - Blood levels of T cell subsets evaluated by use of monoclonal antibodies OKT4 and
      OKT8 were analyzed according to HLA-DR phenotypes. The results suggest that
      gene(s) associated with HLA-DR could be one of the factors which affects blood
      levels of T cell subsets, modulating the absolute values of T cell population.

PMID- 3872944
TI  - Enhanced regeneration of transplanted splenic tissue by increased work load to
      the splenic compartments.
AB  - Autologous splenic tissue regenerates after subperitoneal transplantation in
      laboratory animals and in man. Qualitatively it resembles normal splenic tissue
      but the quantity usually only attains a small proportion of the normal spleen. In
      the prevention of overwhelming post-splenectomy sepsis a critical mass and a
      considerable blood flow to the regenerated spleen seem to be essential. By
      increasing the work load to splenic transplants in rats, significantly more
      splenic tissue was regenerated. This was achieved by: stimulating the white pulp
      by repetitive injections of xenogeneic red cells; stimulating the red pulp by
      damaging red cells with phenylhydrazine; a combination of 1 and 2; and
      stimulating the reticuloendothelial system by IP injections of methylcellulose.
      Stimulating the red pulp and the reticuloendothelial system were more effective
      than the injection of antigens. As the splenic mass is obviously regulated by the
      work load, we conclude that this effect should be used to attain the critical
      splenic mass and to increase the blood flow for effective clearance of bacteria
      from the blood.

PMID- 3872945
TI  - Early experience with direct vision electrohydraulic lithotripsy of ureteral
      calculi.
AB  - Rigid ureteroscopy is now an established technique for the management of ureteral
      stones. Manipulation of calculi can be done under direct vision using flexible
      forceps or stone baskets with increased safety and efficacy. We also have used a
      5F electrohydraulic lithotripsy electrode to disintegrate stones that were too
      large to be removed by manipulation. Between October 1982 and January 1984, 36
      ureteroscopies were performed for the removal of ureteral stones. In 26 cases (72
      per cent) the stone was removed successfully. Electrohydraulic lithotripsy was
      used successfully to remove the stone in 9 cases (24 per cent) and there were no
      immediate complications. Followup with excretory urography in 7 of these patients
      2 to 18 months after lithotripsy failed to reveal any evidence of long-term
      complications. We conclude that electrohydraulic lithotripsy under direct vision
      can be done safely if certain guidelines are adhered to strictly.

PMID- 3872946
TI  - Conservative management of chronic interstitial cystitis: transcutaneous
      electrical nerve stimulation and transurethral resection.
AB  - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation was used in a prospective series of
      23 patients with classical interstitial cystitis. This treatment reduced pain in
      18 patients and urinary frequency returned to normal in 8. Four women with a
      history of cystitis for 1 or 2 decades had no symptoms during transcutaneous
      electrical nerve stimulation for 7 or more years and lesions disappeared or were
      hardly detectable. A 2 to 3-fold increase in bladder capacity with anesthesia
      also was registered. Complete transurethral resection of visible lesions in 30
      patients resulted in initial disappearance of pain in all and a decrease in
      urinary frequency in 21. The mode of action of the 2 methods and registered
      complications are discussed.

PMID- 3872947
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Polysaccharide vaccine for prevention of Haemophilus
      influenzae type b disease.

PMID- 3872948
TI  - Haemophilus influenzae type b in day care centers.

PMID- 3872949
TI  - Liver disease in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. A retrospective analysis of the
      influence of early breast- vs bottle-feeding.
AB  - We identified children with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency from the medical
      records of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Children's Hospital, Boston,
      and investigated their early feeding history. Between 1969 and 1983, forty
      children with the deficiency were seen at one or both hospitals. Clinical
      information was obtained from hospital records and from questionnaires mailed to
      the parents. Complete morbidity, mortality, and early feeding data were obtained
      for 32 of the children who were born at 38 to 42 weeks' gestation and whose
      weights were appropriate for gestational age. We compared the presence of severe
      liver disease and the death rate of those who had been exclusively breast-fed for
      one month with those who had been bottle-fed. Severe liver disease was present in
      eight (40%) of bottle-fed and one (8%) of breast-fed infants. Twenty-four of the
      32 infants were still alive at the termination of the study; 12 had been breast
      fed and 12 bottle-fed during their first month of life. All eight deceased
      infants had been bottle-fed. The mortality rate in the bottle-fed group was
      significantly greater than that of the breast-fed group. Our study suggests that
      breast-feeding may offer some protection against severe liver disease and early
      death in infants with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency.

PMID- 3872950
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Reinstatement of regular diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis
      vaccine schedule.

PMID- 3872951
TI  - [Therapeutic effect of total lymphoid irradiation in the SLE symptoms in the
      NZB/W F1 mouse].

PMID- 3872952
TI  - [T cell sub-sets, changes in Ia-antigen positive cells and IL-2 abnormality in
      MRL mice, with special reference to lpr gene].

PMID- 3872953
TI  - [Determination of human B cell functions by Salmonella paratyphi B and its
      clinical significance].

PMID- 3872954
TI  - [Ga-67 SPECT image of diffuse interstitial pneumonitis].

PMID- 3872955
TI  - [A clinical study of antibiotic-associated acute hemorrhagic colitis, with
      special reference of Clostridium difficile].

PMID- 3872957
TI  - Reversal of gamma-radiation-induced leukemogenesis in mice by immunomodulation
      with thiabendazole and dinitrofluorobenzene.
AB  - The effect of thiabendazole (TBZ) and dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) on radiation
      induced leukemogenesis was investigated in the C57BL/6 mouse model.
      Administration of TBZ-DNFB during, post, or during and post irradiation
      successfully blocked leukemogenesis, as indicated by the absence of leukemia
      blast cells in thymus and peripheral blood, as well as prevented thymic lymphoma.
      TBZ-DNFB treatment prevented the development of leukemia when studies were
      terminated both after 7 months of last irradiation (disease fully developed) and
      after 5 months of last irradiation (disease in the process of development). This
      TBZ-DNFB treatment also resulted in a significant increase in survival.

PMID- 3872956
TI  - The effects of tetrodotoxin, papaverine and verapamil on the increase in the rate
      of spontaneous afferent discharges induced by local anesthetics from the
      pulmonary mechanoreceptors of the bullfrog.
AB  - Procaine (1 X 10(-5)-1 X 10(-4) M), dibucaine (1 X 10(-5)-1 X 10(-4) M) and
      tetracaine (1 X 10(-6)-1 X 10(-5) M) caused an increase followed by a decrease in
      the rate of spontaneous afferent (A) discharges (D) accompanied with a decrease
      in the flow rate of perfusion solution from the pulmonary vein in the isolated
      lung of the bullfrog, but these local anesthetics only decreased the rate of A.D.
      synchronized with lung inflation. The stimulatory effects of these drugs on the
      rate of spontaneous A.D. were studied. In the presence of TTX (1 X 10(-7) M), the
      increase in the rate of spontaneous A.D. by local anesthetics was inhibited, but
      the decrease in the flow rate of perfusion solution by these drugs was not
      inhibited. Papaverine (1 X 10(-5) M), which inhibited the decrease in the flow
      rate of perfusion solution by these local anesthetics, inhibited the increase in
      the rate of spontaneous A.D. by dibucaine, but not those by procaine and
      tetracaine. The inhibitory effects on the increase in the rate of spontaneous
      A.D. by these local anesthetics could be seen with verapamil in a concentration
      (1 X 10(-4) M) which significantly inhibited the rate of spontaneous A.D., like
      TTX (1 X 10(-7) M). Verapamil could not reverse the decrease in the flow rate of
      perfusion solution by these local anesthetics. From these result, the increase in
      the rate of spontaneous A.D. by procaine and tetracaine is due to not only the
      contractile effects of the drugs on the pulmonary vessel but also the direct
      stimulatory effects on the receptors which generate spontaneous A.D., and the
      increase in the rate of spontaneous A.D. by dibucaine may result from the
      contraction of the pulmonary vessel, and the stimulatory effect of dibucaine on
      the receptors would be weaker than that of procaine and tetracaine, since
      dibucaine could cause the increase in the rate of spontaneous A.D. only when
      dibucaine decreased the flow rate of perfusion solution.

PMID- 3872958
TI  - SL12 murine T-lymphoma: a new model for tumor cell heterogeneity.
AB  - It has been observed that subclones from the spontaneous murine AKR/J T-lymphoma
      cell line SL12 with similar in vitro growth characteristics exhibit stable
      differences in tumorigenicity. The cell line is composed of at least three
      distinct cloned cell types that are highly, moderately, or poorly tumorigenic in
      syngeneic host animals. When healthy, young, syngeneic host animals were given iv
      injections with the same number of viable growth phase cells, each cloned cell
      type had a different tumor incidence, latent period, and pattern of tumor spread.
      The unusual stability of the cloned cell lines is shown by a similar incidence,
      latency, and spread of the tumors when studied after more than 1 year of
      continuous in vitro culture. The SL12 clones also differ in several phenotypic
      characteristics commonly used to classify thymocyte maturation, e.g., a) the
      expression of three of seven surface antigens examined, b) the cellular response
      to glucocorticoid hormone, and c) the expression of terminal deoxynucleotidyl
      transferase.

PMID- 3872959
TI  - Interleukin generation in experimental colon cancer of rats: effects of tumor
      growth and tumor therapy.
AB  - The capacity of inbred W/Fu rats bearing syngeneic colon carcinomas to generate
      interleukin(s) (IL) was studied during primary tumor growth, after tumor
      resection, and during postresection immunotherapy. During local tumor growth,
      there was a significant decrease in the capacity of the host's adherent
      mononuclear cells to generate IL-1 and of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to
      generate IL-2 (16.6 and 23%, respectively, when compared to control animals; P
      less than .01). The presence of regional metastases or large primary tumor burden
      resulted in a further sharp fall in IL generation (0.9 and 10% for IL-1 and IL-2,
      respectively, when compared to control animals; P less than .01). With the use of
      three different doses of tumor inoculum, inhibition of IL generation was shown to
      occur when tumors were barely palpable. Decrease in IL correlated with tumor
      growth and not with the initial number of tumor cells injected. Tumor resection
      resulted in a rise in IL-2 generation from 36 to 64% of control animals' levels.
      Postresection immunotherapy with the use of an active specific immunization
      protocol successfully modulated IL-2 production to normal in animals protected
      from tumor recurrence. Animals that developed recurrent tumors despite
      immunization exhibited a continued inability to generate IL (mean values of IL-2
      production compared to controls: 184% in animals free of recurrence after
      immunotherapy, 1% in animals developing recurrent tumors after immunotherapy; P
      less than .01). These results suggested that alterations in IL generation may
      lead to immune unresponsiveness during tumor growth. Active specific
      immunotherapy protecting animals from recurrence after primary tumor resection
      may be predicated on the successful modulation of IL level generation by host
      immunocytes.

PMID- 3872961
TI  - [Complications of small intestinal tumors].

PMID- 3872960
TI  - [Myocardial function in the late period after an operation for aortocoronary
      shunting].
AB  - Thirty patients with coronary heart disease were examined prior to and 18.3 +/- 3
      months after surgery, with 66% of the shunts proving to be patent. All patients
      were divided into 3 groups: group I--14 (47%) patients with patent shunts, group
      II--10 (33%) patients with partially patent shunts and group III--6 (20%)
      patients with occluded shunts. The group I and II patients displayed an
      improvement in the segmentary contractility and the integral function of the left
      ventricle as compared to the preoperative values. The group III patients showed a
      negative time-course of the segmentary and integral function of the left
      ventricle. In all cases of the impaired patency of the aortocoronary shunts there
      was progression of the atherosclerotic process in the basin of the shunted
      artery.

PMID- 3872962
TI  - Blood transfusion requirements in coronary artery surgery with and without the
      activated clotting time (ACT) technique.
AB  - Control of anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with the automated
      activated whole blood clotting time (ACT) and reversal of heparin after CPB using
      a computerized ACT dose-response curve method resulted in significant reductions
      of blood transfusion requirements, surgical time, and protamine doses in 150
      patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting procedures (ACT group) as
      compared to 200 patients for whom a standard fixed dose protocol for heparin and
      protamine was used (control patients). Mean transfusion requirements were 1,938
      +/- 60 SEM ml whole blood and 853 +/- 48.3 SEM ml red blood cells for control
      patients and 1,397 +/- 59 SEM ml whole blood (P less than 0.001) and 695 +/- 34
      SEM ml red blood cells (P less than 0.01) in the ACT group. ACT group patients
      also required less protamine with 26.2 +/- 0.60 SEM ml Protamine 1,000 (Roche) as
      compared to 33.9 +/- 0.49 SEM ml for control patients (P less than 0.001) but
      more heparin with 31,440 +/- 783 SEM I.U. versus 26,760 +/- 263 SEM I.U. (P less
      than 0.001). Surgical time decreased from 321 +/- 5.5 SEM min for control
      patients to 289 +/- 5.4 SEM min for ACT group patients (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 3872963
TI  - Reduction of the drug-induced nephrotoxicity by ATP-MgCl2. 1. Effects on the cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum-treated isolated perfused kidneys.
AB  - cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP), a widely used cancer chemotherapeutic agent,
      has been shown to cause dose-dependent acute renal failure (ARF) probably
      secondary to a direct nephrotoxic effect on proximal tubule cells. The aim of
      this study was to determine whether administration of ATP-MgCl2 could ameliorate
      the deleterious effects of CDDP. Isolated rat kidneys were perfused for 2 hr with
      a 3.5 g % dextran T-110-Krebs HCO3 solution containing 100 micrograms/ml of CDDP.
      [3H]Inulin was added to measure GFR. Trace amounts of 14C-methylated cytochrome c
      (cyt) were added to the perfusate to determine the protein reabsorptive capacity
      (a sensitive indicator of tubular damage) of isolated perfused rat kidneys. Cyt,
      inulin radioactivity, and [Na+] were measured in the perfusate and urine in
      control and CDDP-treated kidneys. In additional experiments, ATP-MgCl2 was added
      simultaneously (0.3 mM) or 1 hr (2 mM) after CDDP treatment. The results indicate
      that after 2 hr of perfusion, CDDP treatment led to a marked inhibition of
      protein reabsorption with only a minimal decrease in Na+ and H2O absorption.
      Furthermore, GFR was not significantly altered despite a marked diuresis. Post
      treatment with ATP-MgCl2 led to partial alleviation of the nephrotoxic effect of
      CDDP after 1 hr of perfusion. ATP-MgCl2 treatment simultaneously with CDDP,
      however, fully protected the protein reabsorptive capacity of CDDP-treated
      kidneys. The potential for administering ATP-MgCl2 simultaneously with CDDP
      suggests a new therapeutic modality in preventing ARF due to CDDP therapy.

PMID- 3872964
TI  - Reduction of the drug-induced nephrotoxicity by ATP-MgCl2. II. Effects on
      gentamicin-treated isolated perfused kidneys.
AB  - Drug-induced nephrotoxicity (NT) has become an increasingly significant clinical
      problem. An in vitro model of drug-induced NT was therefore developed using
      gentamicin and the effects of ATP-MgCl2 on reduction or prevention of NT were
      determined. To study this, non-pulsatile perfusion in isolated rat kidneys was
      maintained at 100 mm Hg during 2 hr of perfusion at 37 degrees C. The oxygenated
      Krebs-HCO3 perfusate contained 7.5 g/dl albumin as colloid, glucose, creatinine,
      amino acids, trace amounts of [3H]inulin and 125I-lysozyme, and either 0, 0.4,
      0.8, or 1.2 mg/ml of gentamicin. In some studies, 2 mM ATP-MgCl2 was added with
      0.8 mg/ml of gentamicin at 0 and 60 min of perfusion. During each 10-min
      clearance period, glomerular filtration rates, sodium absorption, water
      absorption, and fractional clearance of TCA-precipitable lysozyme were measured.
      The results indicate that renal perfusate flow, glomerular filtration rate,
      urinary flow and tubular absorption of protein (a sensitive indicator of tubular
      function), sodium, and water were affected by gentamicin in a dose-dependent
      manner. An isolated kidney preparation can therefore be used to study gentamicin
      induced NT. Higher in vitro perfusate concentrations of the drug were needed,
      however, to acutely mimic the in vivo cumulative effects. Nonetheless, renal
      perfusate flow, glomerular filtration rate, and the depression in protein
      reabsorption which occurred with gentamicin treatment were markedly improved by
      simultaneous treatment with ATP-MgCl2. Thus, ATP-MgCl2 may be useful in reducing
      drug-induced nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 3872965
TI  - Hartmann's pouch carcinoma.
AB  - Since 1921, when Henry Hartmann first described his procedure for rectal
      carcinoma, multiple modifications of the original technique have been proposed.
      However, the basic principle of a rectal pouch has always been retained. Two
      cases of carcinoma developing in such a pouch are described; both occurred years
      after creation of the pouch. One was managed by local resection through a
      transsacral approach; the other required an abdominoperineal resection.
      Consideration must be given to careful examination and sigmoidoscopy of these
      pouches as they tend to be forgotten by the physicians due to their hidden
      location.

PMID- 3872966
TI  - Chemical bases for medicinal plant use in Oaxaca, Mexico.
AB  - Fifty-eight medicinal plants used for the management of reproduction and the
      treatment of women's reproductive health problems in an indigenous community in
      southern Mexico are described. The efficacy of these plants is assessed according
      to both community members' understandings of the therapeutic effects they seek
      and the standards of conventional Western medicine. The majority of the plants
      contain chemicals which would appear to enable them to accomplish their intended
      effects in either or both the popular and the conventional medical systems.

PMID- 3872967
TI  - Practical problems in assessing risk for coronary artery bypass grafting.
AB  - In order to put results of a surgical program in proper prospective, risk factors
      for the population being treated should be carefully assessed. This paper
      discusses the practical problems involved in determining the risk of surgical
      mortality for patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. A
      risk equation developed by the Collaborative Study in Coronary Artery Bypass was
      applied to a veterans hospital population. A simplified method of determining
      left ventricular function from clinical angiography reports was found to be a
      reasonable substitute for the more complex left ventricular scoring system used
      by the collaborative study. Results showed the veterans group to be at increased
      risk, primarily due to an older average age and higher incidence of left
      ventricular dysfunction.

PMID- 3872968
TI  - Determinants of operative mortality and long-term survival in patients with
      unstable angina. The CASS experience.
AB  - To identify the factors that determine operative mortality and long-term
      survival, we analyzed the data from 3,311 patients who underwent surgical therapy
      for unstable angina according to clinical presentation. Overall operative
      mortality was 3.9% and no differences in operative mortality were found between
      patients with coronary insufficiency, new-onset angina, rest angina, or changing
      patterns of angina. Logistic regression analysis indicated that age, left
      ventricular score, and presence of a left main stenosis in a left dominant
      circulation were related to operative mortality. The 7 year cumulative survival
      rate was 79%. Features predictive of long-term outcome by Cox analysis included
      left ventricular score, congestive heart failure score, other illness, extent of
      coronary disease, and cardiomegaly. Operative mortality of those patients who
      underwent coronary bypass during their initial hospitalization with unstable
      angina was similar to that of patients who were discharged and readmitted for
      operation at a later date. Thus, patients with unstable angina demonstrate a
      relatively low operative mortality, which is unrelated to the clinical
      presentation. Long-term survival is primarily determined by clinical and
      angiographic markers of left ventricular dysfunction, associated illness, and the
      extent of coronary disease.

PMID- 3872969
TI  - Interaction of right and left ventricular filling pressures at the termination of
      cardiopulmonary bypass. Central venous pressure/pulmonary capillary wedge
      pressure ratio.
AB  - In 50 patients who underwent coronary bypass grafting, the interaction of left-
      and right-sided filling pressures were prospectively evaluated to determine
      whether restoration and/or maintainance of a normal central venous
      pressure/pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (CVP/PCWP) ratio could improve
      biventricular performance. In 40 patients, the CVP/PCWP ratio was normal (less
      than 1) and termination of cardiopulmonary bypass was uneventful. In 10 patients,
      during loading at the termination of extracorporeal circulation, CVP exceeded
      PCWP and the ratio was reversed (less than 1). Cardiac index and systolic
      arterial pressure were low. Restoration of normal ratio by emptying the right
      heart helped in the improvement of systolic arterial pressure and cardiac index.
      Thus, in the presence of reversed CVP/PCWP ratio at the termination of
      cardiopulmonary bypass, restoration of the ratio may prevent unnecessary
      pharmacologic and/or mechanical intervention, such as inotropic agents, balloon
      pumps, or assist devices.

PMID- 3872970
TI  - Establishment and characterization of a B-cell line from a patient with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - A permanent lymphoblastoid cell line was established from the peripheral blood of
      a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The cell line, designated SDK, grows
      in a stationary suspension culture, forming aggregates, in RPMI medium
      supplemented with 10% FCS, with a doubling time of 50-60 h. Immunologic markers
      and cytological features suggested that the SDK cells should be identified as
      being of B-cell origin. The cells failed to form rosettes with sheep
      erythrocytes, did not express T-cell antigens as defined by monoclonal
      antibodies, and exhibited surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin determinants.
      Chromosome analysis revealed the presence of three cell populations with (a)
      46XY; (b) t(8q-; 14q+) or 2p-; 14q+) and (c) cells with unidentifiable markers.
      SDK demonstrated susceptibility to TPA-induced differentiation toward plasma
      cells.

PMID- 3872971
TI  - T lymphoblastic lymphoma with LEU-7 positive phenotype and unusual clinical
      course: a multiparameter study.
AB  - Immunologic phenotype studies were performed on cells and on frozen sections of
      involved tissue from a 20 year old female with typical T-cell lymphoblastic
      (convoluted) lymphoma. The cells demonstrated a thymic phenotype but in addition
      marked with Leu-7 (HNK-1)--an antibody reported to identify human natural
      killer/killer (NK/K) cells. Normal or neoplastic cells with this phenotype have
      not been previously reported. These findings support the existence of a thymic
      precursor for a T-cell subset of Leu-7 + cells. The unusual clinical response to
      therapy is another feature of this unique case.

PMID- 3872972
TI  - Plasmacytoid blast crisis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: effect of
      estradiol on growth and differentiation in vitro.
AB  - Evolution of a case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) into blast crisis was
      found to be characterized by three unusual features (1) the phenotype of the
      emerging blast cells was that of pre-plasmacytoid cells as shown by plasma cell
      morphology and an immunological phenotype corresponding partially with CLL- or
      intermediate B-cells, partially with plasma cells (terminal transferase-, common
      acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen-, Ia+, surface immunoglobulin heavy chains-,
      surface kappa light chains+, intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin A+ and G+, BA-1+,
      polyclonal gammaglobulin production); (2) cytogenetic analysis of spontaneous
      metaphases revealed that in addition to the typical CLL abnormality, trisomy 12,
      in all of the cells, an additional translocation between chromosomes 14 and 17
      was present in 40% with a presumptive breakpoint on chromosome 14 (q12-3) never
      described before (commonly q32) and (3) the progression of the disease was
      associated with a striking increase in the expression by the transformed cells of
      specific binding sites for estradiol (E2) due to an actual increase in total
      cellular receptor proteins and not to a change in receptor affinity for E2. The
      functional status of the steroid receptors was confirmed by nuclear transfer of
      the cytoplasmic hormone-receptor complex upon temperature activation. Since the
      rise in E2-receptor display paralleled a large increase in the proliferative
      activity of the cells as well as a change in their maturation status the question
      was raised as to whether the E2-receptor should be considered as a physiological
      marker of growth rate or of cellular differentiation. Exposure of the patient's
      blast cells to E2 in vitro resulted in cessation of cell growth following at
      least one mitosis after addition of the inducer as seen from the replacement of
      the large blasts by small CLL-like cells without definite signs of alteration of
      the differentiation status. This suggests the association of E2-receptor
      expression with control of growth rather than cell maturation.

PMID- 3872973
TI  - FMC-HU-1-B: a lymphoma B-cell line with unusual characteristics.
AB  - A cell line (FMC-Hu-1-B) was established from a biopsy of an abdominal mass of a
      child with non-Burkitt's lymphoma. The establishment of the cell line initially
      required the presence of normal bone marrow stromal cells and phytohaemagglutinin
      stimulated leucocyte conditioned medium. The cell line lacked Epstein-Barr virus
      nuclear antigen and exhibited numerous chromosomal abnormalities. Cell-surface
      marker analysis using a panel of monoclonal antibodies revealed only markers of
      the B lineage. Within the B-cell lineage FMC-Hu-1-B seemed to occupy a level of
      maturation equivalent to normal mature B-cells (surface membrane IgM, secretion
      of immunoglobulin and FMC-1 positive). However, the cells also weakly expressed
      the common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen, normally found on early
      precursors of B-cells. The cells appear to secrete auto-stimulatory growth
      factor(s).

PMID- 3872974
TI  - The relative sensitivity of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte colony forming cells
      and bone marrow CFU-GM to deoxyadenosine and 2'deoxycoformycin.
AB  - The effects of the nucleoside deoxyadenosine (AdR) towards 2'deoxycoformycin
      (dCF) treated peripheral blood T-lymphocyte and bone marrow myeloid progenitor
      cells has been studied. Mononuclear cell preparations were exposed to dCF and AdR
      in suspension culture prior to washing and culture in a medium free of exogenous
      nucleosides. The combination of dCF and AdR was found to be highly toxic to
      peripheral blood T lymphocyte colony forming cells (CFU-TL) following prolonged
      (18 h) incubation. CFU-GM were markedly less sensitive to the combination of dCF
      and AdR, concentrations of dCF (10(-5) M) and AdR (10(-5) M) which produced an
      almost total inhibition of CFU-TL only inhibited CFU-GM by a mean of 10%.

PMID- 3872975
TI  - T-cell phenotypes in chemically induced leukemia in mice.
AB  - T-cell leukemias were induced in adult BDF mice by a single i.v. injection of 50
      mg kg-1 of methylnitrosourea (MNU). Leukemic cells from the thymus and other
      organ sites showed the theta antigen and were peanut-negative, but were
      heterogeneous with respect to Lyt-1 and Lyt-2. The acute cytotoxic effect of the
      MNU showed no preferential toxicity to a special T-cell subset in the thymus.
      During the latency period of leukemogenesis a continuous fall in peanut-positive
      cells in the thymus was found.

PMID- 3872976
TI  - Software that detects and analyzes bioelectrical events by assessing the fit of
      modeled subintervals.
AB  - A software system is described which has been used to identify, average, and
      otherwise analyse different kinds of electrophysiological events. Spontaneous
      miniature end-plate potentials were identified by assessing the fit of
      subintervals within suspected event-containing intervals to flexibly defined
      model subevents. It was thus practical to apply complex, explicit, and stable
      criteria in the estimation of the frequency and mean time course of these
      spontaneous events. This software also mediated the objective rejection of noise
      contaminated elements from samples of either evoked or spontaneous potentials.
      Average event time courses were comprised of a series of estimates of the
      standard deviations as well as the means. Each analysis generated thousands of
      individual event amplitudes which were used to improve estimates of quantal
      release and response parameters. This software allowed more complete analysis of
      tape-recorded experiments which conserved test compounds and animals, and enabled
      the observation of simultaneous and equal degrees of action upon spontaneous and
      evoked potentials, which suggested that a common mechanism was involved.

PMID- 3872977
TI  - Enhancement of mitogen response and surface marker analysis of lymphocytes from
      young and old donors after preliminary incubation in vitro.
AB  - We have examined the detailed kinetics of PHA induced proliferation of freshly
      isolated mononuclear cells from young and old human donors. Our studies confirm
      that donors over the age of 60 years may have a decreased number of PHA
      responsive cells and that these cells have a significantly diminished rate of
      entry into the first cell cycle. Age of the donor does not affect the time at
      which significant numbers of cells appear in first S-phase, the duration of first
      S-phase, the doubling time in exponential growth, and thymidine uptake per cell.
      Cells from young and old donors were also cultured in medium supplemented with
      pooled human serum for 1 or 2 days prior to the PHA response assay. After 2 days
      of preliminary culture, the PHA response in both young and old is significantly
      enhanced, with a greater enhancement in the old. The basis of this enhancement
      appears to be a significant increase in rate of entry into the first cell cycle.
      None of the other kinetic parameters were significantly altered. The magnitude of
      the rate enhancement in old donors' cells eliminated the difference in entry rate
      between young and old after 2 days of preliminary culture. The same rate
      enhancing effects were seen in the presence of serum pooled from young or old
      donors. There is no statistically significant change in the number of responding
      cells after preliminary culture. We had previously suggested, based on lactate
      dehydrogenase (LD) subunit ratio and patterns of T cell associated surface
      markers, that less differentiated subpopulations of T cells exist in elderly
      donors. After preliminary culture, no significant change was seen in the
      proportions of cells positive for T3, T4, T8, T10 and Ia surface antigens and the
      unusual pattern of surface marker distribution was still present on the old
      donors' cells. It appears that the greater rate enhancement in old donors' cells
      after preliminary culture may not be due to induced maturation of the possibly
      less differentiated T cell populations described previously. The results do
      suggest that these subpopulations may be non-responsive to PHA.

PMID- 3872978
TI  - Interaction effects in a multivariate model of physician visits by older people.
AB  - Previous studies using multivariate models of physician visits by the general
      population and by older people have failed to take into account the interaction
      between health, functional impairment, and economic status. Further, they have
      not inquired fully into effects of psychologic distress and social support on the
      use of services. Based on the analysis of data from a statewide crosssectional
      survey of noninstitutionalized older people (N = 2,146), it was discovered that:
      economic deprivation had a negative main effect and a negative interaction effect
      (with medical conditions) on the number of self-reported physician visits; both
      psychosomatic and emotional distress had independent positive effects; the number
      and self-perceived severity of medical conditions, along with psychosomatic
      symptoms, were important predictors of the number of visits for older people
      without ADL impairments, but these factors were nonsignificant among functionally
      impaired respondents; and social support and emotional distress were the major
      factors accounting for visits among the severely functionally impaired. The
      findings point to the importance of integrating concepts from illness-behavior
      studies into multivariate models of health service use and considering access to
      medical care within the total context of long-term care services.

PMID- 3872979
TI  - [Systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-native-DNA antibodies measured using
      Crithidia luciliae].

PMID- 3872980
TI  - Gram-negative bacillary meningitis.
AB  - The incidence of gram-negative bacillary meningitis has increased significantly
      in the past two decades. Approximately two thirds of all reported cases have
      occurred after neurosurgical procedures. With the development of the newer
      cephalosporins, the overall mortality rate has decreased from 40 to 80 per cent
      to 10 to 20 per cent.

PMID- 3872981
TI  - [Pain relief clinic at Sandviken's hospital--an analysis of 8 years' activity].

PMID- 3872982
TI  - [Massive intestinal hemorrhage from Meckel's diverticulum].

PMID- 3872983
TI  - [Pneumocystis infection--a clinical and diagnostic dilemma].

PMID- 3872984
TI  - [Pathophysiology of peripheral, paroxysmal benign position vertigo].
AB  - Peripheral paroxysmal, benign positional vertigo is one of the most common
      peripheral vestibular disorders. According to the "cupulolithiasis hypothesis",
      it is assumed that inorganic material is attached to the cupula of the posterior
      vertical canal which renders this organ sensitive to gravitational forces rather
      than angular accelerations. Quantitative and well-controlled positioning
      manoeuvres, however, show that the characteristics of this kind of vertigo and
      the corresponding nystagmus cannot be explained by gravitation-dependent cupular
      reactions. It seems more probable that the typical symptoms are caused by
      disturbed utricular functions leading to disinhibited responses of the posterior
      vertical canal to adequate stimuli.

PMID- 3872985
TI  - [Critical remarks on so-called cervicogenic vertigo].
AB  - A critical review of neurophysiological literature is given about the part played
      by the neck proprioceptors in the regulation of vestibular functions. In
      comparison with vestibular and optokinetic influences the neck proprioceptors are
      of secondary importance. A critical review of the publications by the supporters
      of a cervical genesis of vertigo leads to the conclusion that "cervical
      nystagmus" must be proven before the concept of neck-triggered vertigo can be
      accepted. In relation to all forms of vertigo, vertigo induced by cervical
      disorder represents a very low percentage only.

PMID- 3872986
TI  - Thalidomide induces imbalances in T-lymphocyte sub-populations in the circulating
      blood of healthy males.

PMID- 3872987
TI  - Sutures or fibrin glue for divided rat nerves: Schwann cell and muscle
      metabolism.
AB  - Peripheral nerve anastomoses using either epiperineurial sutures or a fibrinogen
      adhesive technique have been compared in the rat sciatic nerve model. Evaluation
      of results was made using radiolabelling of the metabolically active acid-soluble
      phosphate fractions of both nerve and muscle. In none of the situations tested-
      traumatic degeneration and regeneration in the sciatic nerve proximal segment,
      Wallerian degeneration and regeneration in its distal segment, atrophy and
      regeneration of the fast gastrocnemius muscle, and atrophy and regeneration of
      the slow soleus muscle--was one repair method significantly superior to the
      other. A significant degree of cross-reinnervation was shown to take place after
      anastomosis, altering the characteristics of the regenerating muscles. Both
      repair methods were equally inferior to the spontaneous repair occurring after a
      simple nerve crush.

PMID- 3872988
TI  - The effects of bovine serum albumin and a form of cationised ferritin upon the
      molecular selectivity of the walls of single frog capillaries.
AB  - Single frog mesenteric capillaries have been perfused with Ringer solutions
      containing the neutral macromolecule Ficoll 70 at a concentration of 40 mg ml-1,
      while the tissues have been washed with Ringer solution containing no
      macromolecules but otherwise of similar composition. The effective osmotic
      pressures (sigma delta II) set up across the capillary wall by the Ficoll 70 were
      used to assess the wall's molecular selectivity. The hydraulic conductivities,
      Lp, of the capillary walls were also measured. In seven capillaries the addition
      of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to the perfusate at concentrations of 1 and 10 mg
      ml-1 increased sigma delta II from a mean value of 7.14 +/- 1.81 cm H2O to one of
      18.71 +/- 2.33 cm H2O and at the same time halved Lp. In another eight
      capillaries, the addition of a form of cationised ferritin (CF) to the perfusate
      at a concentration of 1 mg ml-1 increased sigma delta II from a mean value of
      5.69 +/- 0.87 cm H2O to one of 16.69 +/- 0.262 cm H2O and reduced Lp to between a
      third and a half of its original value. In a further seven capillaries, the
      addition of native ferritin at a concentration of 1 mg ml-1 to the perfusate had
      no effect on either sigma delta II or Lp. It is suggested that both CF and BSA
      increase the reflection coefficients of capillary walls to Ficoll 70 by binding
      to the surface coat of the endothelium. The results are discussed in terms of a
      development of the fiber matrix theory of Curry and Michel (1980).

PMID- 3872989
TI  - Biological activities of lipopolysaccharide fractionated by preparative
      acrylamide gel electrophoresis.
AB  - Lipopolysaccharide from a smooth strain of Salmonella minnesota was fractionated
      into two major fractions and one intermediate fraction by using sodium
      dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. On the basis of the study by
      Hitchcock and Brown, it was deduced that the top fraction was mainly long O-side
      chain LPS and the bottom fraction was O-side chain-less LPS. The middle fraction
      was a mixture of both short O-side chain LPS and O-side chain-less LPS. The
      antigenic properties and biological activities were not altered in this
      fractionation procedure. Comparison of the biological activities of the top
      fraction with those of the bottom fraction revealed that the bottom fraction had
      higher activity in polyclonal B-cell activation and spleen-swelling effect and
      that there was no significant difference in adjuvant activity, ability to render
      macrophages cytotoxic, induction of colony-stimulating factor and the ability to
      induce the Schwartzmann reaction. It was suggested that O-side chain makes no
      contribution to the latter biological activities including adjuvant activity of
      S. minnesota LPS.

PMID- 3872990
TI  - Multiple drug resistance in Haemophilus influenzae type b.

PMID- 3872991
TI  - H. influenzae in genital tract specimens.

PMID- 3872992
TI  - Vitamin D metabolite effects on membrane potential and potassium intracellular
      activity in rabbit cartilage.
AB  - In rabbit cartilage growth plates, the membrane potential, Vm, and potassium
      intracellular activities, alpha iK, were determined in order to study the effects
      of long-term (48 h) and short-term (1-2 min) exposures to vitamin D metabolites.
      Results are as follows: (i) in proliferative cells, Vm was -55.6 +/- 0.2 mV, n =
      30, and alpha ik = 50.8 +/- 4.2 mM, n = 22; (ii) in hypertrophic cells, Vm was 
      35.5 +/- 0.8 mV, n = 88, and alpha iK = 85.1 +/- 5.4 mM, n = 20; (iii) Vm (-44.0
      +/- 1.0 mV, n = 33) and alpha iK (114.7 +/- 8.7 mM, n = 14) were increased in
      metatarsal hypertrophic cells incubated with 10(-10)M of 1,25(OH)2D3 but were
      unaffected by the presence of 24,25(OH)2D3; (iv) an hyperpolarization of Vm was
      observed after short-term exposure of the hypertrophic cells to 10(-10)M of
      1,25(OH)2D3 (-2.2 +/- 0.2 mV, n = 34) and 24,25(OH)2D3 (-2.2 +/- 0.7 mV, n = 17)
      but not to 25(OH)D3 (+0.3 +/- 0.8 mV, n = 10).

PMID- 3872993
TI  - Saphenous vein harvesting using a subcutanous vein remover.

PMID- 3872995
TI  - Cancer surgery: the view from cancer medicine.

PMID- 3872996
TI  - Tumor growth kinetics.

PMID- 3872994
TI  - Cell cycle control of the human HSP70 gene: implications for the role of a
      cellular E1A-like function.
AB  - The gene encoding the human 70-kilodalton heat shock protein (HSP70) is subject
      to activation by the adenovirus E1A gene product and appears to be regulated in
      the absence of heat shock by a cellular activity similar to E1A. Given the
      relation of E1A to alteration of growth control, we have investigated the
      expression of the HSP70 gene during the cell cycle. Assay of mRNA levels after
      release from a thymidine-aphidicolin block revealed a 20-fold increase in mRNA
      abundance, reaching a peak level in the post-S-phase period. Upon reaching this
      peak level, the abundance of the mRNA then declined as the cells entered the next
      cycle. Control of the abundance of the mRNA during the cell cycle appeared to be
      primarily at the level of transcription as measured in nuclear runoff assays.
      Very similar results were obtained by analyzing the expression of the HSP70 gene
      in the adenovirus-transformed 293 cell line. Furthermore, the E1A gene was also
      found to be cell cycle regulated; the activation and peak level of the E1A mRNA
      occurred at an earlier time than those of the heat shock mRNA, consistent with,
      but not proof of, the hypothesis that E1A is responsible for the cell cycle
      control of the HSP70 expression. We therefore suggest that the E1A-like cellular
      activity may govern certain aspects of cell cycle transcription.

PMID- 3872997
TI  - Management of colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3872998
TI  - Breast cancer: which operation?

PMID- 3872999
TI  - Thoughts on the surgical staging of lymphomas.

PMID- 3873000
TI  - Orthopedic oncology.

PMID- 3873001
TI  - Conservation surgery of the larynx.

PMID- 3873002
TI  - Immune complexes in cancer and preneoplastic diseases.

PMID- 3873003
TI  - Experimental colitis and colonic cancer in the rat.

PMID- 3873004
TI  - Doses to organs at risk from mantle field radiation therapy using 10 MV x-rays.

PMID- 3873005
TI  - Nonmedullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland in association with amyloid goiter:
      case report.

PMID- 3873006
TI  - Isolation and characterization of DNA from Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas
      vaginalis.
AB  - High molecular weight DNA samples free of contaminating proteins or RNA were
      obtained from Tritrichomonas foetus or Trichomonas vaginalis by lysing the cells
      in 4 M guanidinium thiocyanate before centrifuging in CsCl density gradient and
      then purifying the DNA band by NACS-37 column chromatography. The bulk DNA from
      either organism acted as a single component in ion-exchange chromatography,
      agarose gel electrophoresis, CsCl density gradient centrifugation and thermal
      denaturation. T. foetus DNA showed a melting temperature (Tm) of 82 degrees C
      corresponding to a 31% GC content whereas T. vaginalis DNA melted at 84 degrees C
      to suggest 36% GC. Both DNA samples demonstrated 35 to 42% hyperchromicity when
      fully melted. Cot analysis revealed the presence of repetitive sequences in both
      DNAs: approximately 46.7% in T. foetus DNA and 53.3% in T. vaginalis DNA. The
      unique sequences of these two protozoan DNAs are of a similar size of about 2.5 X
      10(7) base pairs. Agarose gel electrophoresis of restriction fragments of the two
      purified DNA samples gave distinct banding patterns that were characteristic of
      the two species of protozoan parasites.

PMID- 3873007
TI  - Serum sickness.

PMID- 3873008
TI  - Evidence for two subtypes of Cushing's disease based on the analysis of episodic
      cortisol secretion.
AB  - To investigate the pathogenetic mechanisms of Cushing's syndrome, we studied
      variations in plasma cortisol levels (episodic variations, or pulses) over 24
      hours in 51 normal subjects, 14 patients with adrenal adenoma, and 46 patients
      with Cushing's disease. Data were obtained both from our patients and from the
      literature. As compared with normal subjects, patients with adrenal adenoma had
      fewer spikes in cortisol levels (defined as an elevation of at least 10 per cent
      and no less than 1 microgram per deciliter), and the spikes were lower both in
      absolute terms (4.0 +/- 1.8 vs. 5.1 +/- 2.2 micrograms per deciliter, P less than
      0.05) and in terms of the percentage of the preceding trough concentration (23 +/
      7 vs. 123 +/- 74 per cent, P less than 0.001). Patients with Cushing's disease
      seemed to fall into two groups: those with hypopulsatile and those with
      hyperpulsatile secretion. The hypopulsatile group had a normal number and
      absolute height of spikes, but their height relative to the preceding trough
      concentration was lower than in controls (42 +/- 16 vs. 123 +/- 74 per cent, P
      less than 0.005). In contrast, the hyperpulsatile group had a similar number of
      spikes as the hypopulsatile group, but their absolute and relative heights were
      twice as great (12.7 +/- 2.3 vs. 6.0 +/- 1.6 micrograms per deciliter and 84 +/-
      40 vs. 42 +/- 16 per cent, respectively; P less than 0.001 for both). We
      hypothesize that the Cushing's disease in the second group of patients may have
      been caused by increased hypothalamic release of, or pituitary responsiveness to,
      corticotropin-releasing factor, whereas that in the first group may represent
      pituitary oversecretion of corticotropin that is relatively independent of
      corticotropin-releasing factor.

PMID- 3873010
TI  - Quantitating the occult.

PMID- 3873009
TI  - Fecal blood levels in health and disease. A study using HemoQuant.
AB  - We tested HemoQuant, a quantitative assay of fecal blood based on the
      fluorescence of heme-derived porphyrin, in 106 healthy volunteers, 170 patients
      with gastrointestinal symptoms but with normal diagnostic studies, 44 patients
      with gastrointestinal cancer, 75 patients with benign polyps, and 374 patients
      with a variety of other benign gastrointestinal lesions, including ulcers and
      erosions. In 98 per cent of the healthy volunteers, fecal hemoglobin
      concentrations were less than 2 mg per gram of stool. Levels were similarly low
      in stools from patients with symptoms and normal studies and in patients with
      relatively minor benign lesions. Within these groups, levels were slightly higher
      in those who had ingested red meat or aspirin. The fecal hemoglobin concentration
      was higher in patients with gastrointestinal cancer than in any other group, and
      97 per cent of those with colorectal cancer had levels above 2 mg per gram. The
      sensitivity of HemoQuant was significantly greater than that of the guaiac test
      Hemoccult, particularly when heme was degraded or stools were dry. Intestinal
      degradation of heme to porphyrin can be measured separately by HemoQuant, and was
      greater when bleeding was from proximal lesions rather than distal ones. We
      conclude that HemoQuant is a more sensitive measure of gastrointestinal bleeding
      than Hemoccult, and that its capacity to measure degraded heme may be useful in
      indicating the anatomic site of bleeding.

PMID- 3873011
TI  - A novel serine esterase expressed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
AB  - Cytotoxic T (Tc) lymphocytes recognize and lyse target cells and are thought to
      serve as an important defence against viral infections and possibly against
      neoplasms. The nature of the receptors responsible for antigen recognition by
      these cells is becoming clearer, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for
      their cytolytic activity remain largely unknown. The possibility that proteases
      are involved in this process has been suggested by the effects of certain
      inhibitors. Here we demonstrate that clones of murine Tc cells possess
      considerable trypsin-like esterase activity when assayed by a sensitive
      colorimetric assay. This activity was blocked completely by two serine esterase
      inhibitors, diisopropylfluorophosphoridate (DFP) and phenylmethylsulphonyl
      fluoride (PMSF), but not by N alpha-tosyl lysyl chloromethyl ketone (TLCK). The
      use of 3H-DFP as an affinity-labelling reagent demonstrated that the esterase
      activity resides in a protein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 28,000 (28K). A
      wide variety of other lymphocytes, including those from thymus, spleen and lymph
      node, established lines of B cells and noncytotoxic T cells, and clones of T
      helper cells, had about 300-fold less esterase activity than the Tc-cell clones
      and far smaller amounts of the DFP-reactive 28K protein. However, in thymocytes
      the esterase activity increased 20-50-fold and the 28K protein became more
      prominent 4 days after these cells had been stimulated in vitro to generate Tc
      cells.

PMID- 3873012
TI  - Co-localization of corticotropin releasing factor and vasopressin mRNA in
      neurones after adrenalectomy.
AB  - The discrete anatomical distribution of arginine vasopressin and corticotropin
      releasing factor (CRF) immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of
      the rat hypothalamus is altered after adrenalectomy. Not only is the
      immunostaining of both peptides enhanced, but vasopressin immunoreactivity,
      normally confined to the magnocellular subdivision, becomes clear in a large
      percentage of CRF neurones in the parvocellular subdivision. These changes in
      immunoreactivity may reflect changes in post-translational events, peptide
      metabolism or genomic activity that lead indirectly or directly to the enhanced
      expression of vasopressin. Here we report that levels of transcripts homologous
      to vasopressin messenger RNA increase in the PVN after adrenalectomy, in parallel
      with increases in vasopressin immunoreactivity. In fact, after adrenalectomy,
      vasopressin mRNA can be detected in CRF-immunoreactive neurones. These results
      indicate that a considerable degree of plasticity is retained by the adult
      neuronal genome of the rat and that this plasticity may be modulated by the
      endocrine environment.

PMID- 3873013
TI  - Transformation of mononuclear phagocytes in vivo and malignant histiocytosis
      caused by a novel murine spleen focus-forming virus.
AB  - The study of retrovirus-induced leukaemias in mice is a powerful tool for the
      elucidation of the normal regulation of the haematopoietic system. The acute
      murine spleen focus-forming viruses (SFFV) can be classified according to the
      haematopoietic lineage on which they exert their effects in the adult mouse. Here
      we report a new SFFV isolate, the AF-1 virus, with the novel ability to transform
      cells of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage. The virus was isolated from sarcomas
      that were induced on passage of a cloned Friend helper virus (F-MuLV, 643/22F) in
      newborn BALB/c mice. We have cloned the transforming defective subunit of the AF
      1 viral complex in NRK cells and isolated several subclones. Analysis of the
      proviral genome in two non-producer cell clones reveals that AF-1 virus contains
      Harvey v-ras-specific sequences (Fig. 1). Thus, AF-1 virus is closely related to
      Harvey murine sarcoma virus (Ha-MSV), and is, at present, the only tool by which
      permanent cell lines can be obtained from mononuclear phagocytes in the mouse.

PMID- 3873014
TI  - [Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia in adults].

PMID- 3873015
TI  - What is the problem--chest or the leg wound?

PMID- 3873016
TI  - Cellulitis associated with dermatophyte infection in the vein-donor-leg of a
      coronary artery bypass patient.

PMID- 3873017
TI  - [Have psychiatric diseases become more prevalent?].

PMID- 3873018
TI  - [Anesthetic problems and complications in the thermocoagulation of Gasser's
      ganglion].
AB  - We report about hypertensive crises, cardial arrhythmia and respiratory
      complications in 47 patients undergoing thermocoagulation of the gasserian
      ganglion. Therapeutic proposals are discussed.

PMID- 3873019
TI  - Use of antidromic recording to monitor facial nerve function intraoperatively.
AB  - This report describes a technique for monitoring facial nerve activity
      intraoperatively utilizing antidromic nerve stimulation and sequential averaging
      of the evoked responses. Compound facial nerve action potentials are obtained
      reliably even in the presence of paralyzing doses of muscle relaxants, which
      render the conventional methods useless. The electrophysiological setup is
      straightforward, and we utilize the same sequential averaging equipment with
      which we monitor cortical evoked responses intraoperatively. This technique
      facilitates identification of the facial nerve in large cerebellopontine angle
      tumors with minimal mechanical trauma. Recordings from eight clinical cases are
      presented to illustrate the reliability and reproducibility of this technique.

PMID- 3873020
TI  - Tensorial computer model of gaze--I. Oculomotor activity is expressed in non
      orthogonal natural coordinates.
AB  - The central nervous system expresses its function in natural frames of reference.
      A most conspicuous feature of such frames is their non-orthogonality. Gaze
      stabilization and, in particular, the sensorimotor transformations performed by
      the vestibulo-ocular reflex, are prime examples of such general coordinate
      transformations between and within multidimensional non-orthogonal frames. Since
      such operations can be described by tensor formalisms in an abstract manner, this
      methodology is applied here to develop a tensorial computer model of gaze
      stabilization. The representation of sensorimotor transformations by a reference
      frame independent method obviates the necessity to simplify the intrinsic
      coordinate systems either by a reduction of the dimensionality or by a
      presumption of orthogonality. The frames of reference intrinsic to vestibulo
      ocular reflex transformation (the vestibular semicircular canals and extraocular
      muscles) as well as the covariant character of the sensory input and the
      contravariant character of the motor output are physically obvious. A model built
      on these intrinsic systems of coordinates first serves to quantitate the degree
      of non-orthogonality in the extraocular muscle system, and thus to demonstrate
      both the necessity and the applicability of representing them by a formalism
      suitable for non-orthogonal systems, such as tensor network theory. The actual
      non-orthogonality of the gaze-stabilization system can be quantitated on the
      basis of the difference of covariant and contravariant expressions as follows.
      Tensor network theory describes sensorimotor transformations by employing a
      covariant embedding procedure. This, however, yields a covariant intention-type
      motor vector. If the central nervous system were to transmit these sensory-type
      components directly to the extraocular muscle motor mechanism, an error-angle
      would occur since covariants do not physically compose the intended movement. The
      error in every direction of gaze would be zero only if the extraocular muscle
      system would constitute an orthogonal set of rotation axes. Otherwise, the error,
      called refraction angle, is a measure of non-orthogonality. The complexity of the
      quantitation of non-orthogonality is compounded by the fact that these rotation
      axes change with the moving eye. Calculation of eye movements, executed both by
      covariant and contravariant vectors from primary and secondary eye positions, is
      based on the simplest assumption that the central nervous system establishes the
      covariant-contravariant transformation in the retinal tangent plane.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3873021
TI  - Frequency modulation of neuronal theta-bursts in rabbit's septum by low-frequency
      repetitive stimulation of the afferent pathways.
AB  - Activity of the neurons with stable theta-bursts was recorded extracellularly in
      intact and hippocampectomized septum of unanesthetized chronic rabbits during low
      frequency (3-17 Hz) stimulation of horizontal limb of diagonal band or lateral
      septal nucleus. The stimulation rarely evoked standard oligosynaptic single-spike
      responses in stable theta-bursting units. Instead, gradual entrainment and phase
      locking of the spontaneous theta-cycles occurred. Two types of entrainment were
      observed: "entrainment by the pause", where interburst interval was reset by the
      stimuli; and "entrainment by the burst", where bursts were time-locked to the
      stimuli. Such reorganization of the spontaneous bursts occurred in the narrow
      frequency range of stimulation (from 4 Hz up to 9-12 Hz), with the best resonance
      following in the range of "basic" theta frequencies of the awake rabbit (5-6 Hz).
      With stimulation beyond the theta-range three phenomena occurred: shift of the
      burst frequencies to higher or lower harmonics of stimulation frequencies;
      complex interactions of basic background frequency with rhythm of stimulation
      ("beating"); return to background theta-burst frequency in spite of continuing
      stimulation ("escape"). The properties of the septal theta-bursting cells as
      presumable intrinsic bursting pacemakers are discussed.

PMID- 3873022
TI  - Calcitonin gene-related peptide in cardiovascular tissues of the rat.
AB  - The distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in the
      cardiovascular system of the rat was investigated by radioimmunoassay and
      immunocytochemistry. The nature of the immunoreactivity was studied by gel
      permeation and high performance liquid chromatography. Immunocytochemistry
      demonstrated the existence of calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerve
      fibres throughout the cardiovascular system. These were present in all regions of
      the heart, particularly in association with the coronary arteries, within the
      papillary muscles and within the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes.
      Calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing fibres were found mainly in the
      adventitia of the arteries and veins. Calcitonin gene-related peptide
      concentrations were high in major arteries and veins but comparatively low in the
      heart, aortic arch and thoracic aorta. Chromatography showed that approximately
      70% of the total immunoreactivity was identical to synthetic calcitonin gene
      related peptide. Calcitonin gene-related peptide concentrations in the blood
      vessels of rats treated neonatally with capsaicin were not found to be
      significantly different from those in control animals although capsaicin caused
      significant reductions of calcitonin gene-related peptide levels in certain other
      tissues. The results of this study suggest that calcitonin gene-related peptide
      containing fibres are likely to be of importance in the innervation of vascular
      tissues and raise the possibility that these fibres are different in character
      from calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing fibres found in other tissues.

PMID- 3873023
TI  - Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in US veterans: III. Migration and the risk of
      MS.
AB  - World War II or Korean Conflict veterans with MS (5,305 in number) and pre
      illness-matched controls were compared for residence at birth and entry on active
      duty (EAD) within three north-south tiers of states in the United States. A
      strong north-south gradient of MS risk was present. Migrants were defined as
      those whose birth and EAD tier differed. For white men of World War II, all white
      men, and all whites, there were highly significant reductions in risk for moves
      southward from either the north or middle tier, and increases in risk for moves
      northward from the middle tier. Increases similar in magnitude of middle to north
      did not attain statistical significance in the few southern-born migrants. For
      the small groups of black men and white men of Korean service, trends were
      similar but did not attain significance, whereas for white women, they were of
      borderline significance. Findings imply an environmental cause for MS, with
      acquisition years before symptom-onset.

PMID- 3873024
TI  - [Immuno-oncologic monitoring of patients with bronchial carcinoma. IV. Aspects of
      the immunocompetence system].
AB  - Some aspects of the immunocompetent system are tested in 84 lung cancer patients
      at time of diagnosis and during the natural course of the disease. Results show
      no significant variations for many immunological tests during the course of the
      neoplasia. Significant alterations are observed in T-lymphocyte and macrophage
      evaluation. Moreover, some immunological data are related to lung cancer post
      surgical survival.

PMID- 3873025
TI  - [Physiokinesitherapeutic management of traumatic lesions of the brachial plexus.
      Indications and results].
AB  - An account is given of the indications and results of physical and rehabilitative
      management of brachial plexus lesions when used electively or as a complement to
      surgery. Material from the Florence Traumatological and Orthopaedics Centre and
      the V. Putti Mutilated Patients Centre, Bologna (formerly directed by Prof. O.
      Scaglietti) dating from 1940 to 1980 is used to explain the indications for
      conservative and surgical management, in the conviction that sound results depend
      on exact indication. A selected sample of 51 patients treated conservatively and
      194 surgically is presented. The results were satisfactory in about 50% of each
      group, with a slight advantage in favour of physiotherapy, this being obviously
      employed when lesions were less severe.

PMID- 3873027
TI  - [The immune system in Kawasaki disease. Study of the 1st case of the disease
      found in Italy in an adult subject].
AB  - The authors report the results of immunological investigations performed on a
      patient affected by Kawasaki disease. The study was performed on the first case
      of this disease observed in Italy in an adult. The immunological findings are
      discussed in view of the recent reports of the international literature.

PMID- 3873026
TI  - [Digestive tract hemorrhage. III. Lower digestive tract hemorrhage].

PMID- 3873028
TI  - Morphometrical analysis of the distribution of corticotrophin releasing factor,
      glucocorticoid receptor and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase immunoreactive
      structures in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus of the rat.
AB  - By means of the indirect immunoperoxidase technique the corticotrophin releasing
      factor (CRF) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) immunoreactive nerve cell bodies
      and the phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) immunoreactive nerve
      terminals in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus of the rat have been mapped
      out in adjacent vibratome sections (30 micron thick). By means of morphometrical
      analysis using a semiautomatic image analyser, it was possible to obtain density
      maps of CRF, GR and PNMT immunoreactive structures within the paraventricular
      hypothalamic nucleus. The statistical analysis by the use of correlation
      coefficients gives evidence that the PNMT immunoreactive nerve terminals
      innervate the majority of the CRF immunoreactive nerve cell bodies and that GR
      are located in the majority of the CRF immunoreactive neurons.

PMID- 3873029
TI  - Nerve growth factor supply for sensory neurons: site of origin and competition
      with the sympathetic nervous system.
AB  - Nerve growth factor (NGF) levels in the sensory nervous system were measured by a
      highly sensitive two-site enzyme immunoassay for NGF. Dorsal root ganglia and the
      adjacent spinal nerves contained 2.8 +/- 0.3 and 1.7 +/- 0.4 ng NGF/g wet wt.,
      respectively, whereas no NGF was detectable in dorsal roots and spinal cord (less
      than 0.05 ng NGF/g wet wt.). It is concluded that sensory neurons are supplied
      with NGF exclusively from their peripheral and not from their central field of
      projection. Two days after treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine, which destroys
      sympathetic nerve terminals and thereby prevents the removal of NGF by
      sympathetic neurons, the NGF content of dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal
      ganglia increased to 285% and 161% of control, respectively. This indicates that
      in peripheral target tissues sensory and sympathetic neurons compete for NGF.

PMID- 3873030
TI  - Ablation of nucleus isthmi leads to loss of specific visually elicited behaviors
      in the frog Rana pipiens.
AB  - Ablation of the frog's nucleus isthmi results in a visual scotoma contralateral
      to the lesion. Within the scotoma, animals do not respond to visually presented
      prey or threats. The locus of visual loss is related to the area of isthmal
      tissue ablated. With complete unilateral ablation, a frog displays no visually
      elicited prey-catching or threat-avoidance behaviors in the entire monocular
      field.

PMID- 3873031
TI  - Localization of chromatographically characterized oxytocin and arginine
      vasopressin to sensory neurones in the rat.
AB  - Following treatment with colchicine 50-60% of all neurones in rat trigeminal and
      L5 spinal ganglia showed oxytocin (OXT)- and arginine-vasopressin (AVP)-like
      immunoreactivity. Further, OXT and AVP, together with their associated
      neurophysins, could be isolated from trigeminal ganglia by reversed-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography followed by radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 3873032
TI  - Uptake, distribution and behavioral effects of inhalation exposure to manganese
      (MnO2) in the adult mouse.
AB  - Adult male mice were exposed either to sublethal levels of MnO2 dust or filtered
      air (control group) 7 hours/day, 5 days/week for 16 to 32 weeks. Following a 16
      week initial exposure period, randomly selected samples (8 animals) from both the
      control and Mn-exposed groups were observed for behavioral performance
      (ambulations and rearings in the open-field, "hole-in-board" explorations,
      rotarod) and learning (passive avoidance) and tissue Mn levels were determined
      via atomic absorption spectrometry. Exposure continued for the remaining animals
      and the sampling procedure was repeated biweekly for an additional 8 time points.
      At week 32, Mn exposure was terminated. However, biweekly testing of the
      remaining animals continued for an additional 3 time points. Mn-exposed animals
      had significantly higher blood, liver, kidney, lung, cerebrum, cerebellum plus
      brainstem, and testis Mn levels than control animals. With the exception of the
      liver, these levels declined with increasing exposure time. No histopathologic
      effects attributable to Mn-exposure were observed. However, significant overall
      effects on growth and behavior were obtained. Specifically, Mn-exposed subjects
      weighed more, executed more rearings in the open-field, and tended to exhibit
      longer latencies to enter the open-field. When the post-exposure data were
      analyzed separately, no significant effects were obtained. While no general
      relationship was obtained between tissue Mn levels and behavior, selected
      behavioral measures did correlate with tissue Mn levels. Animals exposed via
      feeding to comparable Mn levels across the same length of exposure employed in
      the inhalation study did not demonstrate any significant behavioral alterations.

PMID- 3873033
TI  - Morphologic and biochemical studies of a nitrobenzene-induced encephalopathy in
      rats.
AB  - Administration of single oral doses (550 mg/kg body wt) of nitrobenzene to male F
      344 rats induced petechial hemorrhages in the brain stem and cerebellum, and
      bilaterally symmetric degeneration (malacia) in the cerebellum and cerebellar
      peduncles, within 48 hours of treatment. The malacia, which was lateral and
      dorsal to the fourth ventricle and involved the vestibular nuclei, was attributed
      to edematous swelling of a membrane bounded tissue compartment. Degenerating
      neurons present in, and adjacent to, areas of malacia exhibited severe watery
      swelling of mitochondria. Myelinated axons showed moderate to severe condensation
      of the axoplasm and accumulation of electron-lucent fluid between the inner
      myelin leaflets and less frequently in the periaxonal space. Blood vessels
      appeared morphologically normal, while leakage of intravascularly administered
      horseradish peroxidase from blood vessels in the brain accompanied the
      hemorrhages in a small number of animals. Extravasation of this tracer did not
      precede the onset of hemorrhages or malacia. Autoradiographic and analytical
      studies demonstrated that a very small percentage (0.02%) of the administered
      dose reached the brain; it was present as the parent compound and accumulated in
      higher concentration in grey matter than white matter. There was no preferential
      accumulation of nitrobenzene in the areas in which lesions occurred, which may
      reflect a regional susceptibility to nitrobenzene or an indirect mechanism of
      nitrobenzene neurotoxicity.

PMID- 3873034
TI  - Long lasting behavioral effects of dimethyl sulfoxide and the "peripheral"
      toxicant p-bromophenylacetylurea.
AB  - Behavioral toxic effects caused by a relatively small dose of the "peripheral"
      neurotoxin, p-bromophenylacetylurea (BPAU), and of its vehicle, dimethyl
      sulfoxide (DMSO) were investigated. BPAU induces, in rats, a central-peripheral
      distal axonopathy similar to that produced in humans by toxic organophosphorus
      containing compounds, and has been proposed as a model to study this type of
      toxicity in a convenient experimental mammal. Rats were injected with BPAU (50 or
      100 mg/kg) in DMSO (1 ml/kg), with DMSO alone, or with saline. 100 mg BPAU/kg
      produced permanent weight loss and hind limb paresis; the low dose did not.
      Behavioral testing, 2 days to 4 mo post-treatment, indicated that DMSO and/or 50
      mg/kg of BPAU retarded habituation of spontaneous exploratory activity, impaired
      acquisition of conditioned (auto-shaped) behavior, and changed the dose-response
      relationship ford-amphetamine-induced suppression of operant (fixed ratio 32)
      responding. BPAU-treated animals were also impaired in initial performance of
      operant behavior maintained by a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement, at high
      (greater than or equal to FR 16) ratio values. Thus, neurobehavioral toxicity may
      occur at doses too low to induce organophosphorus-type sensorimotor impairment or
      pathology. Further, DMSO may also exert effects on neurobehavioral function,
      suggesting it too may be potentially toxic within this domain.

PMID- 3873035
TI  - Minimal tolerance to the effects of 1,1,1-trichloroethane on fixed-ratio
      responding in mice.
AB  - Most laboratory animal studies of the behavioral or neurophysiological effects of
      repeated exposures to volatile organic solvents find little evidence for
      substantial tolerance. This study examined the development of tolerance to the
      effects of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCE) on fixed-ratio responding in four
      mice. The subjects were exposed to 6000 ppm solvent vapor for 20 min of the daily
      45-min operant sessions. Once a week, a series of four concentrations (1000-8000
      ppm) were substituted for the daily exposure in order to obtain a cumulative
      concentration-effect curve. This proved to be a rapid and reliable method with
      which to ascertain the effects of 1,1,1-TCE over a range of concentrations.
      During the 15 days of 20-min exposure, the subjects showed a slight but
      significant increase in both response rates during exposure and in the rate of
      recovery following exposure. Maximal changes in these measures were evident in
      the first 7 days, with no further decreased sensitivity over the final 8 days of
      exposure. The concentration-effect curves determined during and after the daily
      exposures showed no significant shifts in either direction from the initial
      curve. Thus, while some alteration in the daily acute effects was noted, this
      tolerance was not of large magnitude and could not be detected as a change in the
      concentration-effect curve.

PMID- 3873036
TI  - Functional consequences of prenatal exposure to lead in immature rats.
AB  - Long-Evans dams were given 0.5% lead acetate as their sole drinking solution two
      weeks before and throughout pregnancy. Their offspring were transferred to normal
      surrogate dams on the second day after birth. From days 5 through 30, the rat
      pups were observed for the appearance of developmental landmarks and given
      behavioral tests (surface righting, negative geotaxis, eye opening, left-right
      position discrimination and reversal, ambulation and head dipping). Pups of pair
      fed-and-watered as well as normal control dams were also transferred to
      surrogates and received the same tests. Although the lead-exposed rat pups had
      markedly elevated blood and brain lead on the day of birth (which were still
      significantly elevated on day 16), they showed no delay, impairment, or any other
      change on the various functional measures.

PMID- 3873037
TI  - The effects of mild congenital methylmercury intoxication on the metabolism of 3
      hydroxybutyrate and glucose in the brains of suckling rats.
AB  - We studied the effects of mild congenital methylmercury toxicity upon
      intermediary metabolism in the developing brain. Female rats were injected
      intravenously with 10 mg/kg methylmercury chloride on the 4th day of
      impregnation. Controls received saline. At postnatal days 1, 7, 14 and 21, pup
      brain slices were incubated with either 3-hydroxy[3-14C]butyrate or [U-14C]
      glucose. The rate of oxidation of 3-hydroxybutyrate was significantly reduced at
      days 14 and 21 in the methylmercury-treated pups. There was a marked reduction in
      the incorporation of label from both substrates into total brain lipids during
      the most rapid phase of myelination. Incorporation of 14C from [U-14C] glucose
      into proteins was decreased at all ages. Since there was no decrease in the
      incorporation of [1-14C]leucine into proteins in the methylmercury-treated pups,
      this decrease could have resulted from changes in pool sizes of certain amino
      acids in the brain.

PMID- 3873038
TI  - The interaction of mercurials with myelin: comparison of in vitro and in vivo
      effects.
AB  - Our previous study on the in vitro interactions of mercurials with peripheral
      nerve had shown that HgCl2 labels phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen in the
      myelin membrane, and that both HgCl2 and CH3HgCl alter the packing of the
      membrane array (Kirschner and Ganser, 1982). Thin-layer chromatography shows that
      in vitro treatment of sciatic and optic nerve with HgCl2 causes the hydrolysis of
      phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen while treatment with CH3HgCl does not. The
      present study addresses the possibility that the interaction of mercurials with
      myelin phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen may underlie their neurotoxicity.
      HgCl2 was administered to different groups of mice by intravenous,
      intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections, and perorally through their drinking
      water. CH3HgCl was given perorally. Elemental mercury (Hg degree) vapor was
      administered by inhalation. The mice were monitored for signs of neurotoxicity.
      Myelin labeling and structure in sciatic and optic nerves was examined using X
      ray diffraction and histochemical electron microscopy. The levels of mercury in
      tissues were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mice exposed to
      CH3HgCl or to Hg degree vapor developed neurological symptoms, while mice exposed
      to HgCl2 did not show dysfunction even after doses as high as 10-20 mg/kg/day for
      14 months. Neither labeling of the myelin membrane nor changes in membrane
      packing were detected in nerves from mice treated with either mercurial or with
      Hg degree. These nerves did not show any histochemical evidence for mercury
      deposition in the myelin, whereas in vitro treated nerves did. The level of
      mercury in sciatic and optic nerves from mice intoxicated with CH3HgCl was
      measurable, but at least 30-40 times less than that after in vitro treatment.
      With HgCl2 intoxication, no measurable amount of mercury was detected in these
      nerves. Exposure to Hg degree vapor resulted in low but detectable levels of
      mercury in the nerves. We conclude from these results that the neurotoxicity of
      mercurials does not involve their interaction with lamellar myelin.

PMID- 3873039
TI  - Estimation of the delayed neurotoxic potential and potency for a series of
      triaryl phosphates using an in vitro test with metabolic activation.
AB  - The delayed neurotoxic potential of 0,0-diphenyl-o-tolyl phosphate (MOCP), tri-o
      tolyl phosphate (TOCP), 0,0-diphenyl-m-tolyl phosphate (MMCP), tri-m-tolyl
      phosphate (TMCP), 0,0-diphenyl-p-tolyl phosphate (MPCP) and tri-p-tolyl phosphate
      (TPCP) was determined using an in vitro neurotoxic esterase test with metabolic
      activation. None of the 6 compounds inhibited hen brain neurotoxic esterase
      activity in vitro when tested in the absence of metabolic activation using
      concentrations as high as 100 microM. Both MOCP and TOCP markedly inhibited
      activity in vitro after metabolism with rat liver microsomes. MOCP was twice as
      potent as TOCP and IC50 values were 6.2 and 12 microM, respectively. Adult hens
      were treated with 10 mg/kg MOCP, 10 mg/kg TOCP, 1000 mg/kp MMCP, 1000 mg/kg TMCP,
      and 1000 mg/kg TPCP. There was no inhibition of brain neurotoxic esterase 24
      hours after MMCP, TMCP or TPCP. Inhibition by MOCP and TOCP was 86.8% and 40.7%
      respectively. The in vitro neurotoxicity test showed that MOCP and TOCP, 2 known
      neurotoxicants, had delayed neurotoxic potential and metabolism was required. The
      test also showed that the potency of MOCP was twice that of TOCP. This was
      confirmed in hens dosed with the 2 compounds since MOCP produced twice the
      inhibition of brain neurotoxic esterase as that produced by an equal dose of
      TOCP.

PMID- 3873040
TI  - Absence of a protective effect of corticosterone on 0-0-diisopropyl
      phosphorofluoridate (DFP) induced delayed neurotoxicity in chickens.
AB  - Chickens given 15 to 45 ppm dietary corticosterone 1 day prior to and 5 days
      following subcutaneous administration of 1 mg/kg 0,0-diisopropyl
      phosphorofluoridate (DFP) were not protected from either clinical delayed
      neuropathy, depression of neurotoxic esterase activity or advanced degenerative
      peripheral nerve myelinated fiber damage.

PMID- 3873041
TI  - An ultrastructural study of lesions induced in the cerebellum of mice by
      inhalation exposure to methyl chloride.
AB  - Female C57BL/6 mice were exposed for 6 h/day, 5 day/wk for 2 weeks, to 1,500 ppm
      methyl chloride. Focal and diffuse malacia, involving the cerebellar inner
      granular layer was found while renal lesions were minimal or absent. The
      cerebellar lesions were most frequently found in the ventral paraflocculus, and
      less often in other regions of the cerebellum. The earliest ultrastructural
      changes were seen in the nuclei of scattered cerebellar granule cells, with
      progression from slight confluence of heterochromatin, to complete nuclear
      condensation or karyorrhexis. More severely affected areas exhibited severe
      watery swelling and disruption of granule cell perikarya with less severe changes
      in other cell types. Blood vessels appeared normal, even in areas of severe
      malacia. It was concluded that the lesions in the mouse cerebellum closely
      resemble methyl chloride induced brain lesions previously described in guinea
      pigs, and that these lesions are not secondary to the renal toxicity of methyl
      chloride.

PMID- 3873042
TI  - Massive gastric hemorrhage from the rupture of an arterial malformation.

PMID- 3873043
TI  - Arteriovenous malformation of the stomach.

PMID- 3873044
TI  - [Morphological study of larval teeth and adult teeth in Rana catesbeiana using
      scanning electron microscopy].

PMID- 3873045
TI  - [The ultrastructure of the teeth in amphibia. 3. The teeth of bullfrogs].

PMID- 3873046
TI  - Proven painless endophthalmitis.

PMID- 3873047
TI  - Value of a centralized surveillance system during a national epidemic of
      endophthalmitis.
AB  - A centralized registry of cases was established when it became apparent that an
      outbreak of Candida parapsilosis endophthalmitis in California was due to
      intrinsic contamination of a nationally distributed ocular irrigation solution.
      The purposes were to detect cases, to identify patients at risk, to collect and
      disseminate clinical information regarding the infection, and to make available
      information and experience regarding treatment. As a result of these efforts, all
      patients exposed to the solution were reviewed by their physicians and numerous
      cases of infection were detected. In contrast, Food and Drug Administration
      mandated procedures, traditionally focused on manufacturing standards, were
      effective in recalling the contaminated solution but failed to provide physicians
      with adequate information to identify and care for patients at risk.

PMID- 3873048
TI  - Corneal complications from herpes zoster ophthalmicus.
AB  - Of 94 patients with acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus who were seen during a six
      year period, 61 had corneal involvement. The corneal complications in the order
      of chronological clinical occurrence were punctate epithelial keratitis in 51%,
      early pseudodendrites in 51%, anterior stromal infiltrates in 41%,
      sclerokeratitis in 1%, kerato-uveitis/endothelitis in 34%, serpiginous ulceration
      in 7%, delayed corneal mucous plaques in 13%, disciform keratitis in 10%,
      neurotrophic keratitis in 25%, and exposure keratitis in 11%. Some of the earlier
      lesions seemed to result from viral infection, whereas later lesions resulted
      from limbal vasculitis, an immunologic mechanism to soluble viral antigen, a
      delayed hypersensitivity reaction, or damage to nerves and tissues. An
      elucidation of the lesions awaits better viral and immunologic detection
      techniques and further histopathologic study. Modern topical and systemic
      antiviral therapy, corticosteroids, and surgery have a role in treatment.

PMID- 3873049
TI  - [Increased resistance of Staphylococcus aureus strains against frequently used
      penicillinase-stable penicillins and cephalosporins].

PMID- 3873050
TI  - [Changes in certain immunological parameters in patients with malignant skin
      melanoma].

PMID- 3873051
TI  - [The value of "alternative medicine"].

PMID- 3873052
TI  - [The treatment of scaphoid pseudarthrosis with electrostimulation].

PMID- 3873053
TI  - [Immunological and clinical studies for the assessment of immunoreactivity in
      childhood with special reference to selected disease groups. 2. Immunological
      studies in children with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections].

PMID- 3873055
TI  - Electric bone stimulation for treatment of nonunion (continued education
      credits).

PMID- 3873054
TI  - [Postoperative T cell suppression in relation to preoperative nutritional status
      in childhood].
AB  - The influence of moderate malnutrition on the cellular immunity was studied in 59
      operated infants and children aged 1 day to 14 years. Except during the neonatal
      period the number of blood T-cells preoperatively and the degree of the
      postoperative T-cell suppression did not show a significant difference between
      children suffering from moderate malnutrition (weight for age less than or equal
      to 10 percent, less than or equal to 90% of the normal median weight) and the
      control group. However some datas indicate that even borderline malnutrition
      impairs the cellular immune-status.

PMID- 3873056
TI  - Case studies: treatment of nonunions with electrical bone stimulation. Use of a
      noninvasive electrical bone stimulator.

PMID- 3873057
TI  - The fully implantable direct current stimulator.

PMID- 3873058
TI  - Nonunion of the humerus: use of a semi-invasive technique of electrical bone
      stimulation.

PMID- 3873059
TI  - Effect of pregnancy on ethanol concentrations at onset of loss of righting reflex
      in rats.
AB  - To determine if the pharmacodynamics of ethanol are altered in advanced
      pregnancy, 20-days pregnant Lewis rats and nonpregnant rats of the same age
      received an i.v. infusion of ethanol, 96 mg/min/kg, until they lost their
      righting reflex. The concentrations of ethanol at that time in adult and fetal
      serum, and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain of the adult animals were
      determined. Ethanol concentrations in the pregnant rats were only slightly (less
      than 10%) but statistically significantly lower than in nonpregnant controls.
      Brain/serum, CSF/serum, and CSF/brain concentration ratios of ethanol were
      essentially identical in pregnant and nonpregnant rats, indicating no apparent
      effect of pregnancy on the distribution kinetics of ethanol. The serum
      concentrations of ethanol in mothers and their fetuses were similar and
      significantly correlated. The results of this investigation show that the central
      nervous system depressant effect of ethanol is not appreciably altered by
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3873060
TI  - Do we fatten our children at the television set? Obesity and television viewing
      in children and adolescents.
AB  - The association of television viewing and obesity in data collected during cycles
      II and III of the National Health Examination Survey was examined. Cycle II
      examined 6,965 children aged 6 to 11 years and cycle III examined 6,671 children
      aged 12 to 17 years. Included in the cycle III sample were 2,153 subjects
      previously studied during cycle II. These surveys, therefore, provided two cross
      sectional samples and one prospective sample. In all three samples, significant
      associations of the time spent watching television and the prevalence of obesity
      were observed. In 12- to 17-year-old adolescents, the prevalence of obesity
      increased by 2% for each additional hour of television viewed. The associations
      persisted when controlled for prior obesity, region, season, population density,
      race, socioeconomic class, and a variety of other family variables. The
      consistency, temporal sequence, strength, and specificity of the associations
      suggest that television viewing may cause obesity in at least some children and
      adolescents. The potential effects of obesity on activity and the consumption of
      calorically dense foods are consistent with this hypothesis.

PMID- 3873061
TI  - Recurrent abscess formation following DTP immunizations: association with
      hypersensitivity to tetanus toxoid.

PMID- 3873062
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of immunologic reactivity in young children with excessive
      weight during dispensarization].

PMID- 3873063
TI  - Lens-induced uveitis in a domestic cat.
AB  - The rare occurrence of lens-induced uveitis in a cat is described and compared
      with the similar entity in humans. The characteristic histopathological features
      are presented and compared in the two species.

PMID- 3873064
TI  - Endoscopy in gastrointestinal disease. Procedures that offer an alternative to
      surgery.
AB  - Today, endoscopic procedures are available to treat many diseases of the
      gastrointestinal tract that just a few years ago would have required surgery.
      These procedures have proved to be safe and effective and are well accepted by
      patients. When considering such a procedure, the primary care physician needs to
      be aware of its advantages and limitations and the nearest center where it can be
      obtained. Many new endoscopic surgical procedures are undergoing evaluation, and
      undoubtedly some will soon be incorporated into the armamentarium of the
      gastroenterologist. Until more data on their efficacy and safety are available,
      however, these procedures should remain within the realm of the clinical
      investigator.

PMID- 3873065
TI  - Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome without purpura due to Haemophilus influenzae
      group B.
AB  - A second recorded case of Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, without purpura, due
      to Haemophilus influenzae is described. It is suggested that the absence of
      purpura should not preclude the diagnosis of the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
      due to this organism.

PMID- 3873066
TI  - The infant who appears not to see well.

PMID- 3873067
TI  - cDNA clones encoding IgE-binding factors from a rat-mouse T-cell hybridoma.
AB  - cDNA clones encoding rodent IgE-binding factors (IgE-BF) were isolated from cDNA
      libraries of a rat-mouse T hybridoma that secretes IgE-suppressive factor (IgE
      SF) upon incubation with rat IgE. COS7 cells transfected with two of the cDNAs
      expressed IgE-BF, which selectively potentiate an in vitro IgE response. IgE-BF
      expressed in COS7 cells are glycoproteins of approximately equal to 60 and
      approximately equal to 11 kDa. DNA sequence analysis of an IgE-BF cDNA revealed a
      556-amino acid (62 kDa) protein coding region. The results suggest that IgE
      potentiating and IgE-suppressive factors share common precursor polypeptides and
      that the 11-kDa IgE-BF is derived from a 60-kDa precursor.

PMID- 3873068
TI  - B-cell growth factor (B-cell growth factor I or B-cell-stimulating factor,
      provisional 1) is a differentiation factor for resting B cells and may not induce
      cell growth.
AB  - B-cell growth factor I [BCGF I or B-cell-stimulating factor, provisional 1
      (BSFp1)] has been defined as a T-cell-derived lymphokine that acts as a co
      stimulator of polyclonal B-cell growth in B cells cultured with anti-mu, anti
      delta, or anti-Ig. Based on a number of studies it has been suggested that anti
      Ig induces cell enlargement, entry into the G1 phase of the cell cycle, and
      expression of receptors for BSFp1. BSFp1 then induces entry of the cells into S
      phase. By adding BSFp1 prior to anti-Ig, we have found evidence that BSFp1
      renders cells susceptible to anti-Ig-mediated entry of cells into G2/S phase. In
      contrast, if cells are first treated with anti-Ig, washed, and then cultured with
      BSFp1, they do not enter S phase. Taken together, these results suggest that
      BSFp1 acts on the resting B cells not as a growth factor but rather as a
      lymphokine that prepares cells for anti-Ig-mediated activation. Taken together
      with previous reports that BSFp1 induces increased expression of Ia antigens on
      resting B cells, these studies suggest that BSFp1 may be a differentiation factor
      rather than a growth factor and that it acts on resting B cells.

PMID- 3873069
TI  - An endothelial cell-dependent pathway of coagulation.
AB  - Although the endothelial cell is considered antithrombogenic, endothelium has
      recently been shown to participate in procoagulant reactions. In this report
      cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells are shown to propagate a procoagulant
      pathway starting with factor XIa, leading to activation of factors IX, VIII, X,
      and prothrombin, culminating in fibrinopeptide A cleavage from fibrinogen and
      formation of a fibrin clot. Electron microscopic studies demonstrated that fibrin
      strands are closely associated with the endothelial cells. Endotoxin-treated
      endothelial cells, having acquired tissue factor activity, generated
      fibrinopeptide A in the presence of factors VIIa, IX, VIII, X, prothrombin, and
      fibrinogen. Factor X activation by factor VIIa and tissue factor expressed by
      endothelial cells is 10 times greater in the presence of factors IX and VIII than
      in their absence. This indicates that on the perturbed endothelial cell surface,
      factors IX and VIII do have an important role in the activation of factor X.
      Addition of platelets (10(8) per ml) augmented thrombin formation seen in the
      presence of endothelium alone by about 15-fold. Anti-human factor V IgG decreased
      this enhanced thrombin formation in the presence of platelets, indicating that
      factor V from platelets was playing an important role in thrombin formation.
      These data lead us to propose that endothelial cells can actively participate in
      procoagulant reactions. Although platelets can augment thrombin formation by
      these endothelial cell-dependent reactions, endothelial cells alone can lead to
      formation of a cell-associated fibrin clot. The endotoxin-treated endothelial
      cell provides a model of the thrombotic state supplying tissue factor to initiate
      coagulation and propagating the reactions leading to fibrin formation. This
      endothelial cell-dependent pathway suggests a central role for factors VIII and
      IX consistent with their importance in hemostasis.

PMID- 3873070
TI  - Rearrangement of T-cell receptor beta-chain genes during T-cell development.
AB  - The kinetics and order of rearrangements in the gene complex encoding T-cell
      receptor beta chains were studied by Southern blot hybridization in a collection
      of hybridomas derived from fetal thymocytes at various stages of ontogeny (day 14
      to day 17). Our results show a steady increase in the frequency of rearranged
      beta complexes during this period and suggest that these rearrangements occur
      within the thymus. beta-chain diversity region (D beta) to beta-chain joining
      region (J beta) joining preceded other types of rearrangements. More complex
      hybridization patterns consistent with fully rearranged functional beta-chain
      genes did not begin to accumulate until day 16, 1 day prior to significant
      surface expression of the receptor protein.

PMID- 3873072
TI  - Interleukin-1 from P388D1: effects upon neutrophils, plasma iron, and fibrinogen
      in rats, mice, and rabbits.
AB  - Partially purified interleukin-1 was prepared from the murine cell line P388D1.
      This interleukin-1 produced fever in rabbits and the amount required to cause an
      increase of 1 degree C was determined. This dose of interleukin-1 produced
      neutrophilia when injected into rats and rabbits but not in mice, and increased
      plasma iron and fibrinogen in all three species. Although the mouse was a poor
      responder to murine interleukin-1 for neutrophilia, it responded unusually well
      for increasing plasma fibrinogen.

PMID- 3873071
TI  - B-cell stimulatory factor 1 activates resting B cells.
AB  - B-cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF-1) is a T-cell-derived lymphokine that acts
      together with low concentrations of anti-IgM antibodies to stimulate resting B
      cells to enter the G1 phase of the cell cycle and to synthesize DNA. We show here
      that supernatants from EL-4 cells, rich in BSF-1 activity, and BSF-1 purified by
      high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC-BSF-1) act on resting B cells, in the
      absence of anti-IgM antibodies, to prepare them to respond to anti-IgM and BSF-1.
      A 24-hour preculture with BSF-1 speeds the entry into S phase of B cells
      subsequently cultured with anti-IgM and BSF-1 by approximately equal to 12 hours
      and causes substantial increase in cell volume of all resting B cells. Both of
      these effects, stimulated either by EL-4 supernatants or by HPLC-BSF-1, are
      inhibited by a monoclonal anti-BSF-1 antibody. These results lead us to propose
      that BSF-1 should be regarded as a B-cell activation factor.

PMID- 3873073
TI  - Age-related osteopenia: evidence for an intrinsic defect of bone resorbing cells
      and a possible treatment.
AB  - B6D2F1 and B6AF1 mice of various ages were given sublethal or lethal doses of X
      radiation and injected with marrow and/or spleen cells from young, mature, or old
      syngeneic donors. Four to five months later they were killed and ash weights were
      determined on femurs, sacrum, and ilium. It was found that large numbers of
      marrow cells (i.e., greater than 25 X 10(6] and/or spleen cells (greater than 50
      X 10(6] from old mice retarded the growth of bone in young hosts and induce loss
      of bone mass in mature recipients, spleen cells from young donors consistently
      prevented the loss of bone mass normally seen in aging mice, and the thymus and T
      cells did not appear to play a significant role in bone resorption and
      remodeling. These observations suggested that in aging mice loss of bone mass is
      caused by an intrinsic defect in a hematopoietic cell population, perhaps the
      macrophage/osteoclast or their common precursor, which results directly or
      indirectly in increased bone resorption. On this basis, promethazine HCl, an
      inhibitor of macrophage metabolism and phagocytosis, was added to the drinking
      water (1.0 to 4.0 mg/dl) of aging mice. Four to five months later it was found
      that bone mass was significantly greater in the groups given promethazine than in
      the age and weight matched controls.

PMID- 3873074
TI  - Growth stage-related synthesis and secretion of proteins by human neuroblastoma
      cells and their variants.

PMID- 3873075
TI  - Serum ferritin as a prognostic indicator in neuroblastoma: biological effects of
      isoferritins.
AB  - These studies suggest that a) the levels of serum ferritin are closely related to
      the prognosis of patients with neuroblastoma; b) the increased amounts of
      ferritin in the serum of patients with neuroblastoma are, in part, derived from
      the tumor; c) isoferritins from neuroblastoma cells exert adverse effects on the
      host immune response and host defenses; and d) therefore, isoferritins released
      from tumors may, in part, be responsible for the poor prognosis of patients with
      elevated levels of serum ferritin.

PMID- 3873076
TI  - Manipulations of 5-HT activity and memory in the rat.
AB  - The activity of 5-HT was manipulated by means of the peripheral injection of 5-HT
      reuptake inhibitors, fenfluramine and fluoxetine. These drug treatments, at doses
      higher than 1 mg/kg, produced retrograde amnesia in a one-trial appetitive
      learning task in rats. A non-specific inhibitor of 5-HT reuptake, imipramine, did
      not produce this amnesic effect, nor did the combination of fenfluramine with the
      MAOI tranylcypromine, although it produced, as expected, the "serotonergic
      syndrome." Results for the metabolic precursor of 5-HT, 5-HTP, also administered
      peripherally, were inconsistent, with amnesic effects seen at 5 and 20 mg/kg but
      none at 10 mg/kg.

PMID- 3873077
TI  - Effects of selective dopamine receptor agonists in rats trained to discriminate
      apomorphine from saline.
AB  - Rats (N = 12) were trained to discriminate apomorphine (0.25 mg/kg, IP) from
      saline in a two-lever, food-reinforced (FR 30) drug discrimination paradigm. When
      the discrimination was acquired, various doses of apomorphine as well as several
      other dopamine receptor agonists were injected before test sessions. Apomorphine
      (0.03-0.25 mg/kg, IP) produced a dose-related increase in the percent of
      responses that occurred on the drug lever during test sessions. The selective DA2
      receptor agonist piribedil (0.25-8.0 mg/kg, IP) produced a dose-related increase
      in drug lever responding that was similar to that seen with apomorphine. On the
      other hand, administration of the selective DA1 receptor agonist SKF 38393 (1.0
      32 mg/kg, IP) resulted in principally saline lever responding, even at doses that
      substantially reduced the rate of responding. Administration of dopamine (1.0-8.0
      mg/kg, IP), which does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier, also resulted
      in principally saline lever responding. These results suggest that the
      discriminative stimulus properties of apomorphine are based on its action at a
      receptor that is similar to the DA2 receptor that has been characterized in the
      periphery and that this receptor is centrally located.

PMID- 3873078
TI  - Application of difference spectrophotometry to the nitrosation reaction in the
      assay of certain antipyretic drugs.

PMID- 3873079
TI  - Mental disorder in old age--medical and social risk factors.

PMID- 3873080
TI  - When and how to treat hyperlipidemia.
AB  - The recently completed NHLBI sponsored multicenter double-blind Coronary Heart
      Disease Prevention Trial has provided the long sought-after proof that
      hyperlipidemia is a major CAD risk factor and that the incidence of CHD and its
      complications can be favorable modified by control of hyperlipidemia with
      appropriate diet-drug therapy. This nationwide study confirms and validates the
      earlier reports on the feasibility to stabilize or to promote regression of
      atherosclerotic arterial lesions through hyperlipidemia control. Current
      investigations suggest that in most instances, simple differentiation of
      hyperlipidemias into hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia (major
      components of low-density and very low-density lipoprotein) can supply adequate
      information for clinical practice. In difficult-to-control hyperlipidemias, the
      application of lipoprotein analysis may provide insight of the underlying genetic
      metabolic abnormality for selection of more specific therapeutic modality. Before
      considering hypolipemic therapy, secondary hyperlipidemias should be excluded. In
      those cases, treatment should be directed to the primary disease(s) for the
      solution of the hyperlipemic problem. Life-long dietary modification is the key
      step to treatment of all types of hyperlipidemias, and especially the primary
      hyperlipidemias. In this latter group, both the patient and the family should be
      educated on the principles and the importance of dietary modification to boost
      compliance. In familial hyperlipidemias, a specifically effective hypolipemic
      drug, or a combination of drugs with minimal or no long-term toxic and side
      effects, should be prescribed to augment the therapeutic diet to lower the
      elevated plasma lipid levels and stabilize them at normal range. Early detection
      and control of atherosclerosis-prone hyperlipidemias in children and young adults
      should be vigorously promoted to improve cardiovascular health of the population
      and to reduce the escalation of health care expenses.

PMID- 3873081
TI  - Parasuicide and unemployment among men in Edinburgh 1968-82.
AB  - The ecological association between unemployment and parasuicide rates among males
      in Edinburgh over the period 1968-82 was positive and highly significant (r =
      0.77). Similarly, the two rates were found to be correlated across the city wards
      in 1971 (r = 0.76) and even more strongly in 1981 (r = 0.95). Throughout the
      period the parasuicide rate among the unemployed was nearly always more than 10
      times higher than that among the employed. The long-term unemployed were at much
      higher risk than those out of work for lesser periods, although the impact of
      recent job loss was marked. Population attributable risk has shown a tendency to
      rise in line with the upward trend in the unemployment rate, despite the decline
      in relative risk over the period. The findings were considered consistent with
      the view that unemployment increases the parasuicide rate.

PMID- 3873082
TI  - A pilot study of mental disorders in Taiwan.
AB  - A two-stage case-identification method, using a modified General Health
      Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS), was applied in a
      pilot study of mental disorders in an urban city in Taiwan. The validity of the
      modified GHQ was proved to be greater than that of the original, with a very high
      sensitivity and specificity. The Chinese version of the CIS was found to be
      feasible for community study in Taiwan. The total prevalence rate of all mental
      disorders was 26.0%, with a higher morbidity among females.

PMID- 3873083
TI  - The epidemiology of Echinococcus infection in the Niger Delta.

PMID- 3873084
TI  - [Roentgenomorphological aspects of pulmonary histiocytosis X].

PMID- 3873085
TI  - [Nuclear medicine. Author abstracts of the 21st symposium of the Society of
      Nuclear Medicine of East Germany. Reinhardsbrunn, 15-19 April 1984].

PMID- 3873086
TI  - [Esophageal rupture as a complication of the use of a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube].
AB  - We are describing a complication of the usage of Sengstaken-Blakemore tubes.
      Premature inflation of the gastric balloon in the esophagus can lead to rupture
      of the esophagus. This hazard can be avoided by checking the position of the tube
      with a chest radiograph before attempting to inflate the tamponading balloons.

PMID- 3873087
TI  - [Double nuclide myocardial scintigraphy with thallium 201 and iodine 123
      heptadecanoic acid--the possibilities in cardiological diagnosis].
AB  - We studied in 11 patients the individual variable pattern of coronary blood
      supply after the end of diagnostic coronary catheterisation by intracoronary
      injection of T1201 into the left and J 123-heptadeconic acid into the right
      coronary artery. In 4 static views computer aided quantitative analysis of
      circumferential profiles was performed. Based on Schlesinger's criteria three
      types of coronary arterial patterns were defined (right, left preponderant,
      balanced) after the presentation in the angiographic projections. CONCLUSIONS:
      Sharp boders between different perfusion areas could be detected by the gamma
      camera. If patients with right preponderant circulation are compared with
      balanced circulation, the perfusion areas of the left coronary artery are greater
      in all cases with balanced circulation than expected. More important for the
      indication of coronary artery surgery is that a considerable area of the left
      ventricular myocardium is perfused by the right coronary artery independent of
      the anatomical perfusion pattern with the exception of the left preponderant
      type.

PMID- 3873088
TI  - [Diagnostic imaging by radioisotopes. Basic theories. (V) Image processing for a
      gamma camera].

PMID- 3873089
TI  - [Mallory-Weiss syndrome. Review of 25 cases].

PMID- 3873090
TI  - [Nodular paragranuloma. Morphoimmunologic considerations and clinical correlation
      of a case].

PMID- 3873091
TI  - [Antinuclear antibodies, drugs and systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 3873092
TI  - [Fecal chymotrypsin test in the diagnosis of pancreatic insufficiency].

PMID- 3873093
TI  - Electric and electromagnetic stimulation of bone growth.

PMID- 3873094
TI  - Evolution of radionuclide scintimetry of non-unions treated by electromagnetic
      stimulation. Preliminary study.

PMID- 3873095
TI  - Treatment of non-union, congenital pseudarthroses and benign cystic lesions using
      pulsed electromagnetic fields.

PMID- 3873096
TI  - Treatment of surgically resistant non-unions with pulsed electromagnetic fields.

PMID- 3873097
TI  - Application of axial impaction forces to the leg during the electrical treatment
      of non-union.

PMID- 3873098
TI  - Role of electricity in the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia.

PMID- 3873099
TI  - Electromagnetic fields, biological systems and their connection in
      electromagnetic biostimulation.

PMID- 3873100
TI  - Analysis of the electromagnetic fields caused by a bone growth stimulator using
      inductive coupling: a boundary element simulation program.

PMID- 3873101
TI  - Reducing residual ridge reduction.

PMID- 3873102
TI  - Effects of amfonelic acid, alpha-methyltyrosine, Ro 4-1284 and haloperidol
      pretreatment on the depletion of striatal dopamine by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridine in mice.
AB  - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) given in 4 daily s.c.
      injections to mice resulted in marked depletion of striatal dopamine, 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) 1 week after the
      last dose. Pretreatment of mice with alpha-methyltyrosine or Ro 4-1284 to deplete
      dopamine prior to MPTP injection did not prevent these effects of MPTP, nor did
      pretreatment with haloperidol, a dopamine receptor antagonist. The depletion of
      striatal dopamine by MPTP in mice therefore differs from the persistent depletion
      of striatal dopamine by amphetamine in iprindole-treated rats, which is prevented
      by pretreatment with either alpha-methyltyrosine or haloperidol. The depletion of
      dopamine, DOPAC and HVA in mouse striatum by MPTP was totally prevented by
      pretreatment with amfonelic acid, an inhibitor of dopamine uptake. This finding
      suggests that these effects of MPTP, like those of amphetamine in iprindole
      treated rats, are dependent upon a functional transport system into the dopamine
      neuron.

PMID- 3873103
TI  - Reduction of myocardial infarct size in rats under the effect of bepridil.
AB  - The ability of intravenous or oral bepridil to reduce infarct size was studied in
      the rat submitted in situ to coronary-artery ligation. Infarct size was measured
      by planimetry of serial 8-micron sections at known intervals 48 hr after left
      coronary-artery ligation. Succinate dehydrogenase activity (nitroblue tetrazolium
      stain) was used as an index of tissue viability. Bepridil was administered either
      intravenously (5 mg/kg) 15 min before (pretreatment) or 10 min after (post
      ligation treatment) coronary-artery ligation, or orally (50 mg/kg per day) for 8
      days before coronary ligation. Intravenous bepridil pretreatment reduced infarct
      size by more than 30%. This reduction was accompanied by a better preservation of
      the myocardial content of adenine nucleotides and a reduction in lactate
      accumulation. Intravenous post-ligation treatment and chronic oral treatment
      induced a reduction in infarct size similar to the one observed with intravenous
      preligation treatment. Thus, bepridil is equipotent in reducing infarct size
      whether the drug is administered intravenously before or after coronary-artery
      occlusion, or orally before coronary occlusion.

PMID- 3873104
TI  - Birth cohort analysis using irregular cross-sectional data: a technical note.
AB  - Cancer mortality and morbidity data are usually collected and published by
      calendar time period and by age class. Transformation of the age-specific
      incidence or mortality rates into those for birth cohorts is readily undertaken
      when one age class of each time period corresponds to a given cohort: a
      requirement that is often not satisfied. The authors propose a method for the
      computation of birth cohort age-specific incidence rates given irregular cross
      sectional data. The procedure is based on a cross-sectional interpolation of
      cumulated population and case figures, from which cohort rates can be derived.
      Using the method several examples of trends in cancer incidence by birth cohort
      are discussed.

PMID- 3873105
TI  - [Morning changes in the sigma ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Westergren)
      and C-reactive protein].
AB  - A comparative study of the morning variation of the Sigma and Westergren
      sedimentation rates, and C-reactive protein was undertaken in 90 patients with
      osteoarticular disease (measurements at 07:00, 09:00, 10:00, and 12:00). The mean
      values of all three tests were elevated at 07:00 in patients with inflammatory
      disease, and no significant variation was observed in the Westergren
      sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein throughout the morning, irregardless of
      whether an anti-inflammatory agent was used. On the other hand, there was a very
      significant increase in the Sigma sedimentation rate at 09:00 in untreated
      patients (p less than 0.0001, n = 24). This morning increase of the Sigma
      sedimentation rate was not related to food intake, identical value being obtained
      in fasting or postprandial samples from the same patients. The Sigma
      sedimentation rate at 09:00 was significantly reduced however, in patients
      treated with an effective level of an anti-inflammatory agent (p less than 0.001,
      n = 32). This decrease varied in size and duration depending on the anti
      inflammatory agent used. The existence of a circadian rhythm of the Sigma
      sedimentation rate which can be reversed with anti-inflammatory drug usage is
      helpful in understanding the chronobiologic aspects of the inflammatory process.
      Numerous therapeutic applications can be foreseen.

PMID- 3873106
TI  - Long-term sclerotherapy of bleeding esophageal varices in patients with liver
      cirrhosis. An evaluation of mortality and rebleeding risk factors.
AB  - Ninety-six liver cirrhosis patients with bleeding esophageal varices receiving
      long-term sclerotherapy with the flexible endoscope were studied prospectively to
      analyze mortality and rebleeding risk factors. The difference in the 1-year
      survival rates of Child's groups A (100%) and B (82%) versus Child's C patients
      (38%) was highly significant (p less than 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed
      that, as single factors, serum bilirubin, grade of ascites, and prothrombin time
      and, as a combination, the four variables bilirubin, ascites, aspartate
      aminotransferase, and age distinguished best between survivors and non-survivors
      during the first 6 months after inclusion in the study. For the separation of
      rebleeders and non-rebleeders during the first 2 months, prothrombin time and
      grade of ascites gave the best distinction. Thus, cirrhotics with variceal
      hemorrhage, ascites, jaundice, and a prolonged prothrombin time remain a high
      risk group also with long-term sclerotherapy.

PMID- 3873107
TI  - A prospective study demonstrating an association between plasma IgG2
      concentrations and susceptibility to otitis media in children.
AB  - Plasma IgG subclass levels of 20 children, 12 and 32 months of age, who were
      susceptible to acute purulent otitis media, were compared with those of 20 age
      matched control children. The IgG2 levels were significantly lower in the otitis
      prone group, with a mean of 0.58 +/- 0.30 g/l at 12 months of age (controls 0.85
      +/- 0.39) and 0.82 +/- 0.30 at 32 months of age (controls 1.38 +/- 0.49). Otitis
      prone children with IgG2 levels less than or equal to 0.58 g/l (at 12 months of
      age) were found to suffer from Haemophilus influenzae infections 2.6 times as
      often as those with IgG2 levels greater than 0.58 g/l. On the other hand
      pneumococci were found 1.9 times as often in the group with IgG2 level greater
      than 0.58 g/l, as in the group with IgG2 level less than or equal to 0.58 g/l.
      Otitis proneness seems partly to be due to an immunological incompetence of IgG2,
      which also influences the bacterial spectrum of the infections.

PMID- 3873108
TI  - Trimethoprim alone compared to co-trimoxazole in lower respiratory infections:
      pharmacokinetics and clinical effectiveness.
AB  - 24 patients, admitted to hospital with lower respiratory tract infection, were
      treated with either co-trimoxazole (800 mg sulphamethoxazole + 160 mg
      trimethoprim) or trimethoprim (200 mg) orally twice daily. All showed a clinical
      improvement and with one exception respiratory pathogens were eliminated.
      Pharmacokinetics in blood, sputum and saliva were studied in 11 patients taking
      trimethoprim and 9 taking co-trimoxazole. No sulphamethoxazole was detected in
      either the sputum or saliva. Trimethoprim was found in higher concentrations in
      the sputum than in the blood, although there were wide and significant variations
      in individual patient's sputum pharmacokinetic profiles. Trimethoprim penetrates
      into the sputum at therapeutic concentrations in patients with chronic
      respiratory infections.

PMID- 3873109
TI  - [Ischemic colitis as a cause of intestinal bleeding after marathon running].
AB  - A 33-year-old long-distance runner had three episodes of bloody diarrhoea, all
      occurring after competitive marathon runs. Colonoscopy revealed a small lesion in
      the caecum histologically compatible with ischaemia of the mucosa. The discussion
      centres on the pathophysiology of impaired intestinal blood supply during
      excessive effort and the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms and occult blood
      loss due to jogging.

PMID- 3873111
TI  - Interleukin-1 genes are cloned.

PMID- 3873110
TI  - Gene for human insulin receptor: localization to site on chromosome 19 involved
      in pre-B-cell leukemia.
AB  - Consistent chromosomal translocations in neoplastic cells may alter the
      expression of proto-oncogenes that are located near the breakpoints. The
      complementary DNA sequence of the human insulin receptor is similar to those of
      the EGF receptor (erbB oncogene) and products of the src family of oncogenes.
      With in situ hybridization and Southern blot analysis of somatic cell hybrid DNA,
      the human insulin receptor gene was mapped to the distal short arm of chromosome
      19 (bands p13.2----p13.3), a site involved in a nonrandom translocation in pre-B
      cell acute leukemia.

PMID- 3873112
TI  - Styles of adjustment to coronary graft surgery.
AB  - Using Herzlich's descriptions of styles of adaptation to illness a conceptual
      scheme is offered which sets out four potential modes of adjustment to illness
      (ACCOMMODATION, ACTIVE-DENIAL, RESIGNATION, SECONDARY GAIN). A study is reported
      in which a group of 40 patients attending for CABGS were interviewed to assess
      their adjustment style, their expectations of surgery and their pattern of
      activities. A second group of 40 patients who had received CABGS approx. 11
      months previously were also interviewed regarding their course of recovery,
      activity pattern and style of adjustment to illness. Results indicate that the
      same adjustment styles may not be employed prior to surgery as are adopted during
      recovery. Specific findings indicate that different styles of adjustment are
      consistent with different expectations of surgery; with changes in patterns of
      activity; and with particular courses of recovery. These differences were not
      explicable in terms of the degree of angina reported by patients either prior to
      or following CABGS. Discussion of these and related findings point to the
      explanatory potential of the conceptual system outlined in the paper, within
      which scheme further questions of adjustment to illness can be addressed.

PMID- 3873114
TI  - Is joint aspiration of in acute haemarthrosis really necessary?

PMID- 3873113
TI  - Surgical control of pelvic hemorrhage: bilateral hypogastric artery ligation and
      method of ovarian artery ligation.
AB  - Hypogastric artery ligation and internal iliac artery ligation are the same
      procedure. It has been several years since extensive work on this procedure has
      been reported in the literature. Since this has proved to be a potentially life
      saving technique in serious obstetric and pelvic hemorrhage, it is somewhat
      surprising to find that the procedure is poorly understood. We have reviewed this
      procedure in depth, emphasizing important aspects and restating indications for
      its use. We have also included a case presentation in which we recently performed
      bilateral ligation of the hypogastric arteries and the ovarian arteries to
      control intractable hemorrhage. Although ovarian artery ligation is often
      mentioned as an adjunct in controlling pelvic hemorrhage, we believe the
      technique has never been described in the English language. We present a surgical
      technique for ligating the ovarian arteries, believing that teaching both
      bilateral hypogastric artery ligation and ovarian artery ligation should be an
      integral part of obstetric and gynecologic training.

PMID- 3873115
TI  - Anaemia of pregnancy.
AB  - This paper reports the findings of a cross-sectional study of anaemia in Indian
      and black women attending an antenatal clinic. Anaemia as defined by current
      World Health Organization criteria was detected in 13,2% of Indian women in the
      first trimester of pregnancy, in 28,1% in the second trimester and in 47,0% in
      the third trimester. Iron deficiency, diagnosed on the basis of low serum
      ferritin levels (less than 12 ng/ml), was common, the prevalence being 35% in the
      first trimester and rising to 86% in the third; this demonstrates the effects of
      the progressively increasing stress on iron metabolism as pregnancy advances.
      Reduced folate levels (less than 3 ng/ml) were detected in 8,8% of subjects in
      the first trimester and in 47% in the third. It may therefore be concluded that
      anaemia was common in this group and that its prevalence increased progressively
      as pregnancy advanced. Iron deficiency was by far the commonest type of
      deficiency observed. While folate levels were low in a fair proportion of
      subjects, evidence of coexistent iron deficiency was found in all of them. It is
      therefore not clear whether or not a primary nutritional deficiency of folic acid
      contributed towards the production of anaemia. A similar study was done among
      pregnant black women. Anaemia was detected in 18,8%, 26,0% and 28,6% of subjects
      in the three trimesters. Iron deficiency, diagnosed on the basis of low serum
      ferritin levels, was observed in 19% and 40% of women in the first and third
      trimesters respectively. Reduced folate levels were found in 8,7% of subjects in
      the first trimester and in 10% in the third.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3873116
TI  - Cancer in Texas--epidemiologic considerations.

PMID- 3873117
TI  - [Gardnerella vaginitis].

PMID- 3873118
TI  - Effects of oral stanozolol used in the prevention of postoperative deep vein
      thrombosis on fibrinolytic activity.
AB  - Plasminogen, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, euglobulin lysis time, tissue
      plasminogen activator (t-PA) and fast-acting t-PA inhibitor were measured in 21
      patients receiving either stanozolol (10 mg orally given for 14 days
      preoperatively) or subcutaneous heparin, during a continuing comparative trial in
      the prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis. Stanozolol treatment
      resulted in significant (p less than 0.01) increases between the 14th and 1st
      preoperative days in the plasma concentrations of plasminogen (3.4 to 4.9 Cu/ml)
      and antithrombin III (107% to 132%); t-PA levels did not increase significantly
      (6.0 to 16.0 mU/ml; p greater than 0.1). There were significant (p less than
      0.02) falls in fast-acting t-PA inhibitor (132% to 75%) and fibrinogen (2.4 to
      1.8 g/l). Surgery reversed the changes in fibrinolytic activity seen
      preoperatively in the stanozolol-treated patients, and similar changes were seen
      in the heparin-treated group. In this dosage, stanozolol does not appear to
      prevent the fibrinolytic shutdown which occurs after elective major surgery.

PMID- 3873119
TI  - Protamine-induced thrombocytopenia and leukopenia.
AB  - Protamine has been reported to cause thrombocytopenia and granulocytopenia. In
      this article, we report studies examining the relative contribution of protamine
      and heparin in the pathogenesis of this phenomenon, the dose-effect relationship,
      and the possible mechanism of cell loss. Protamine alone infused into
      experimental animals causes mild, transient granulocytopenia and
      thrombocytopenia. The sequential administration of heparin and protamine results
      in a more severe cytopenia lasting 30 to over 60 min. Organ scanning with 111In
      labeled platelets shows a striking though transient accumulation of radioactivity
      in the lungs following heparin-protamine infusion. Platelet survival, however, is
      not shortened. Incubation of 125I-labeled protamine with blood cells in the
      presence of heparin results in tight binding of the drug to platelets and
      granulocytes. These observations suggest that protamine and heparin form a
      complex that binds to blood cells. The sequestration of coated cells in the lungs
      results in transient granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 3873120
TI  - [Glaucoma in dogs and cats. Review and retrospective evaluation of 421 patients.
      I. Pathobiological background, classification and breed predisposition].
AB  - Glaucoma is diagnosed frequently in dogs and cats. A review of case records at
      the University of Utrecht Small Animal Clinic revealed that during a 4-year
      period glaucoma accounted for 8.6% of all ophthalmological diagnoses. Glaucoma is
      defined as an increased intraocular pressure, which sooner or later leads to loss
      of function of the eye. Primary and secondary types can be distinguished. In
      primary glaucoma an increased intraocular pressure exists in the absence of other
      primary eye disorders. By gonioscopy a discrimination can be made between open
      and narrow or closed anterior chamber angle forms of primary glaucoma. This
      requires a clear distinction between the definitions of chamber angle and
      filtration angle. In the Netherlands primary glaucoma is seen especially in the
      American Cocker Spaniel, Bouvier and Basset breeds. In secondary glaucoma an
      increased intraocular pressure occurs as a consequence of another primary eye
      disorder. Dislocation of the lens is the main cause for secondary glaucoma.
      Several-mainly small-terrier breeds are predisposed to this entity.

PMID- 3873121
TI  - Enrichment of canine B-lymphocytes by DEGALAN bead columns.

PMID- 3873122
TI  - Suppression of primary antibody response by a single exposure to cadmium in mice.
AB  - Suppression of primary antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) by a
      single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cadmium into mice was investigated by
      the methods of in vitro plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay. BALB/c mice were given
      1.8 mg cadmium/kg body weight, and 1, 2 or 7 days later, spleen cells from
      exposed and control mice were cultured with SRBC. PFC responses of all exposed
      groups were significantly suppressed compared to those of control groups.
      Addition of control adherent cells to spleen cells from exposed mice failed to
      recover control level. In the cell-reconstitution experiments, the activity of B
      cell function from the exposed group was suppressed more by cadmium than that of
      T-cell function. These results suggest that the suppression of primary PFC
      response by cadmium exposure may be caused by the inactivation of B-cells.

PMID- 3873123
TI  - [Circulating T- and B-lymphocytes in patients with periodontal pathology].

PMID- 3873124
TI  - New concepts in the control of ocular inflammation.
AB  - Recent advances in the field of cellular immunology have enabled us to recognise
      a complex homeostatic mechanism controlling inflammation, allowing us to
      understand the aetiopathogenesis of many systemic disease processes. This immune
      regulatory mechanism involves the interaction of positive and negative messages
      passing between the different subsets of peripheral blood lymphocytes.
      Quantitative or qualitative defects in the suppressor cell subset of thymus
      derived T-lymphocytes are believed to be responsible (at least in part) for
      chronic inflammation and autoimmune disease. A variety of peripheral blood
      lymphocyte parameters were examined in four ill-understood inflammatory
      ophthalmological conditions: acute anterior uveitis, heterochromic cyclitis,
      acute lepromatous uveitis and Mooren's ulcer. Defects in the number or function
      of suppressor T-cells were found in all conditions studied. These findings make
      it possible to explain some of the immunological aberrations previously reported
      in these conditions. As abnormalities have been found in the immune regulatory
      mechanism of patients with inflammatory eye conditions of unknown aetiology, the
      way is now open to explore new lines of treatment using drugs which have the
      properties to allow selective manipulation of T-lymphocyte subsets.

PMID- 3873125
TI  - The acute phase response in acute anterior uveitis.
AB  - The acute phase response is part of the body's systemic response to inflammation.
      It consists of the synthesis and release of proteins participating in the
      inflammatory process. The acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) was studied
      by serial measurement of its concentration in 57 patients with acute anterior
      uveitis. Patients were divided into two big groups on the basis of their SAA
      concentrations. Thirty-eight patients showed a transient elevation of SAA and
      were designated responders. In 19 patients SAA levels remained normal throughout
      the study and these patients were designated non-responders. Responders and non
      responders were of similar age and sex distributions. The severity of the uveitis
      was equal in the two groups, and did not correlate with the SAA concentrations at
      presentation. Responders tended to have had fewer previous attacks of uveitis
      than non-responders. HLA typing showed that HLA B27 was more frequent in patients
      with recurrent disease than in those suffering their first attack. The majority
      of HLA B27 positive patients were responders. SAA concentration does not predict
      the severity of an attack of uveitis, but absence of an acute phase response may
      be associated with a greater tendency to recurrence.

PMID- 3873126
TI  - [Changes in the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme spectrum during T-lymphocyte
      differentiation].
AB  - The pattern of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme spectrum changes on different
      stages of T-lymphocyte differentiation was studied An enriched population of stem
      cells has LDH-5, 4 and 3 isoenzymes, and much less LDH-2 activity. The isoenzyme
      pattern of thymic cell precursors consists of LDH-5, 4, 3 and 2. All the five LDH
      isoenzymes were found in cortical thymocytes. Medullary thymocytes reveal LDH-5,
      4 and 3 isoenzymes. T-lymphocytes of peripheral lymphoid organs contain mainly
      LDH-5 and in a lesser degree LDH-4 activity.

PMID- 3873127
TI  - [Ultrasound and shock waves in the elimination of renal calculi].

PMID- 3873128
TI  - [Vascular ectasia in the cecum and ascending colon].

PMID- 3873129
TI  - The urethral syndrome.
AB  - The term urethral syndrome reflects irritation in the external urethral
      (striated) sphincter. The cause of this condition may be as much poor voiding
      habits as it is infection or trauma. Treatment principles therefore involve
      retraining the voiding mechanism, as well as the judicious use of antibiotics,
      skeletal muscle relaxants, and an alpha-blocker. Neurostimulation has been used
      successfully to relieve symptoms in occasional refractory cases.

PMID- 3873130
TI  - [Case of gastrointestinal hemorrhage].

PMID- 3873131
TI  - [Clinico-immunologic status and postoperative course of patients with chronic
      pancreatitis and complicated cholecystitis].
AB  - Patients with chronic pancreatitis and complicated calculous cholecystitis are
      known to have considerable disturbances of the immune status of the organism. The
      complex of preoperative management and postoperative treatment of such patients
      should include drugs mainly influencing the cell immunity indices.

PMID- 3873132
TI  - [Diagnostic problems and complications of closed injuries of the duodenum].
AB  - During the period from 1963 to 1983 there were 16 patients with closed injuries
      of the duodenum. Diagnostic errors were made in operations on 3 patients. Eight
      patients recovered, eight patients died (retroperitoneal ruptures in 6 patients,
      intraperitoneal ruptures in 2 patients).

PMID- 3873133
TI  - Immune defects in simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - We recently reported a Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SAIDS) in
      rhesus macaques at the California Primate Research Center. Here, we studied in
      vitro lymphocyte response to the mitogens Concanavalin A (Con A),
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) with and without interleukin
      2 (IL-2). Immunoglobulin (IgG and IgM) and complement (C3 and C4) concentrations
      were determined by radial immunodiffusion. T helper and T suppressor lymphocytes
      were identified with the monoclonal antibodies OKT4 and OKT8. Concentrations of
      IgG and IgM were significantly (p less than .05) decreased. Complement component
      C3 did not change but C4 was increased. The absolute lymphocyte count decreased
      but the OKT4:OKT8 ratio was unchanged from controls. A decreased lymphocyte
      response to all mitogens occurred early and became more severely depressed near
      death. IL-2 caused a complete or partial restoration of the response to the
      mitogens CON A and PHA. Both the humoral and cell mediated immune responses are
      affected in SAIDS. The role of IL-2 in this immune defect must be studied
      further.

PMID- 3873134
TI  - [Ergotrophic action of flavophospholipol during the fattening of geese].
AB  - Experiments were carried out with a total of 144 geese of the Benkovska breed
      divided into 6 groups of 24 birds each. The average weight was 3.5 kg, the birds
      being compulsory fattened with steamed maize over an average period of 27 days.
      Flavophospholipol (flavofarm-NIHFI) was given at rates of 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16
      ppm. The method of positive control check was employed--a group which was offered
      zinc-bacitracin--(bacifarmin) at 30 ppm. Under the effect of flavophospholipol
      the weight gain was 2.2 to 21.2 per cent higher, and the weight of the liver rose
      by 1.4-23.1 per cent. The intake of maize per kg of gain dropped by 2.5 to 15.7
      per cent, and it was 1.8 to 16.9 per cent lower per kg of liver. When
      flavophospholipol was given at 16 ppm, a maximum effect was produced--21.0
      percent higher gain, 23.1 per cent increase of the liver weight, 15.7 per cent
      drop of maize intake per kg of gain, and 16.9 per cent drop of maize intake per
      kg of liver. With geese that were offered bacifarmin these indices were 3.3,
      11.9,, 4.8, and 10.7 per cent, respectively. The amount of flavophospholipol used
      correlated positively with its ergotropic effect. The liver quality with geese
      treated with flavophospholipol and bacifarmin was higher. No residual amounts of
      flavophospholipol were found in the meat, liver and viscera of the treated birds.

PMID- 3873135
TI  - [Complex radionuclide diagnosis of phlebothromboses in patients with cancer of
      the corpus uteri].
AB  - The data on a complex radionuclide examination of veins of lower extremities
      carried out in the course of diagnosis of phlebothrombosis in cases of cancer of
      cervix uteri are presented. Radionuclide measurements with 125I-fibrinogen were
      carried out for diagnosis of venous thrombosis in lower extremities in 38
      surgical patients and the signs of thrombosis were identified in 8 cases (21.1%).
      Phleboscintigraphy using 99mTc-labeled MAA was performed in 18 patients in order
      to preoperatively evaluate the status of deep veins of the lower extremities. In
      cases of symptoms of venous disease, phleboscintigrams showed such pathological
      features as construction or dilation of veins, foci of accumulated 99mTc-labeled
      MAA and collateral blood flow.

PMID- 3873136
TI  - Altered T cell subsets and function in polytransfused beta-thalassemia patients:
      correlation with sex and age at first transfusion.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (OKT series) have been used to investigate possible
      modifications of T lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets in 65 multiply transfused
      beta-thalassemia patients. No significant difference was observed in percentage
      and absolute number of OKT3-, OKT4-, and OKT8-positive cells when compared to
      controls. A subgroup of patients (10 patients, 15.3%), however, could be selected
      who showed a reversal of OKT4/OKT8 ratio. These patients did not differ from the
      others as to age, number of transfusions, frequency of splenectomy, ferritin
      levels, hepatitis B markers, chronic liver disease incidence, and numbers of B
      lymphocytes and natural killer cells. The features distinguishing this group from
      the remaining patients were: decreased mitogen responsiveness; early age when
      first transfused; high incidence of males (90%). Immunological investigation was
      done in 2 occasions, 1 year apart, but no significant modification was observed
      in these patients. These findings suggest that in beta-thalassemia patients
      transfusion therapy started very early in life may be responsible for persistent
      immunological modifications. The susceptibility to such modifications might be
      greater in males.

PMID- 3873137
TI  - [Various indicators of cellular and humoral immunity in patients with myelocytic
      leukemia and subleukemia].

PMID- 3873138
TI  - [Case of massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage with coexistent symptoms of "acute
      abdomen" caused by multifocal malignant lymphoma of the small intestine].

PMID- 3873139
TI  - [Bleeding from the upper segment of the digestive tract].

PMID- 3873140
TI  - [Infiltration pattern of immunocompetent lymphocytes in the tissue of malignant
      non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: relationship to histological and clinical parameters].
AB  - The number and distribution of reactive cells in more than 100 non-Hodgkin
      lymphomas (NHL) were evaluated in situ in cryostat sections. The results were
      compared with histological and clinical findings. 40% of the T cell content of
      normal lymphatic tissues was found in tissues of B-cell NHL. This corresponds to
      a mean of 2 X 10(4) reactive T-cells/microliter tumour tissue. The numerical
      density of natural killer (NK) cells within tumours was similar to that of normal
      lymphatic tissues (0.5 X 10(4) cells/microliter). The distribution of the
      reactive cells within the tumours was diffuse except in the case of
      centroblastic/centrocytic lymphomas. On evaluation of the different histological
      entities a significant correlation was obtained between number of helper/inducer
      (TH) cells, TH:T-suppressor (Ts) ratio and prognostically favourable histological
      subgroups. Furthermore, independent of histological criteria, a close correlation
      was found between a high number of TH-cells, a high TH:Ts ratio and a favourable
      clinical course (p less than 0.04). NK-cell infiltration was present to a
      markedly higher extent in tissues of patients with generalized disease as
      compared with localized disease (p less than 0.03). Low-grade malignant NHL
      contained significantly more NK cells than high-grade malignant NHL, as was the
      case also in treated, as opposed to untreated patients. These findings together
      suggest that reactive cells influence tumour growth via local interactions.
      However, tissue distribution and infiltration density of T-cell subpopulations
      and NK cells were clearly different. Thus, in tumour tissues different and
      independent immunoregulatory mechanisms seem to be associated with these two
      lymphocyte subsets.

PMID- 3873141
TI  - [Vagotomy for the surgical treatment of severe gastroduodenal hemorrhages].
AB  - 24 patients (8 female, 16 male) with severe gastroduodenal haemorrhage were
      treated by vagotomy; in 17 cases highly selective vagotomy was performed, in 3
      case truncal vagotomy + pyloroplasty and in 4 patients vagotomy was combined with
      excision or purse-string suture of the ulcer. Treatment was effective in 23
      patients, without recurrence of haemorrhage. In 19 patients vagotomy not only
      curbed the bleeding but provided definitive therapy (Visick I-II); 4 patients
      died (mortality rate 16%).

PMID- 3873142
TI  - [Trichomoniasis of the urogenital tract in patients hospitalized in 1976-1983].
AB  - We report on investigations carried out on T. vaginalis and mixed infection (T.
      vaginalis and yeast-like fungi). Special attention was paid to metronidazol
      resistance on T. vaginalis strains isolated from patients who had been repeatedly
      treated with this medicament. Therefore we point to the necessity of defining the
      patients' susceptibility to this remedy.

PMID- 3873143
TI  - [Constrictive pericarditis as a late complication of heart operations].
AB  - Constrictive pericarditis is a rare complication of previous cardiac surgery, the
      rate of incidence being approximately 0.1 to 0.3%. Until now about 60 cases have
      been documented. With increasing frequency of surgical procedures, especially
      bypass operations, cardiac surgery plays a major role in the etiology of
      pericardial constriction. In our own series of 12 consecutive pericardiectomies
      previous cardiac surgery was in 4 cases responsible for the constriction. These
      cases are presented in detail. A correct diagnosis is difficult and - as in our
      own cases - often not noticed for a long period of time because the symptoms are
      obliterated by the primary heart disease and the previous operation. In our own
      patients the diagnosis was eventually established by echocardiography and then
      confirmed by right sided heart catheterization. Due to the late diagnosis the
      results of pericardiectomy - considered the method of choice - were only poor.
      Two patients, both in a very bad overall condition, died soon after surgery. The
      remaining 2 patients recovered satisfactorily. Regarding the pathogenesis,
      hematomas seem to play a leading role in the development of subsequent
      pericardial fibrosis. Typically the patients present symptoms of a prolonged
      pericarditis soon after the original surgical intervention. The time between
      cardiac surgery and the development of constrictive features varies between weeks
      and years. The postoperative course of patients with excessive postoperative
      bleeding or larger pericardial effusions should be watched carefully, keeping the
      possibility of later pericardial constriction in mind.

PMID- 3873144
TI  - [Right ventricular inflow tract obstruction in primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of
      the heart].
AB  - An unusual case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (centroblastic B-cell type) is described
      presenting with severe tricuspid stenosis due to a large right atrial
      intracavitary tumor mass obstructing the tricuspid orifice. The clinical picture
      of cardiogenic shock was relieved by surgical removal of the greater part of the
      tumor mass from the right atrium.

PMID- 3873145
TI  - [Various immunological indicators in patients with atopic dermatitis during
      reflexotherapy].

PMID- 3873146
TI  - [Antibodies to double-stranded DNA in patients with microbial eczema and chronic
      leg ulcers].

PMID- 3873147
TI  - [Degree of serum antiprotease activity and alpha 1-antitrypsin level in patients
      with psoriasis].

PMID- 3873148
TI  - [Interrelation of phagocytic reactions of neutrophils with the reactions of the T
      component of immunity in patients with staphyloderma].

PMID- 3873150
TI  - [Falithrom and pregnancy].
AB  - A case of uncontrolled, overdosed therapy with a coumarin in unknown pregnancy is
      reported on. Informations are discussed from the literature about the use of
      coumarin-derivates during pregnancy.

PMID- 3873149
TI  - [Fatal hemorrhage from ruptured varicose veins of the sigmoid colon in liver
      cirrhosis].
AB  - A 41-year-old woman died within a few hours one morning due to massive rectal
      hemorrhage. At autopsy, complete liver cirrhosis, signs of portal hypertension,
      liquid blood in the entire colon, and high-grade anemia were detected. The source
      of bleeding was a ruptured submucosal varix in the sigmoid colon, which was
      almost invisible even microscopically and had been caused by portal hypertension.
      In the vicinity, and somewhat further away from the rupture site, numerous,
      greatly dilated veins with wall sclerosis and intimal thickening, as well as
      paravascular iron deposits, were found as indications that severe hemorrhages had
      already occurred earlier. To detect the source of bleeding, meticulous inspection
      and dissection with hematoxylin and eosin, elastica van Gieson, and iron
      staining, were necessary.

PMID- 3873151
TI  - [Possible apical respiration in the olfactory epithelium of the frog Rana
      temporaria].
AB  - Bioluminescent analysis has been made of the effect of oxygen supply on the
      content of ATP in the isolated olfactory epithelium of the frog. It was shown
      that storage of epithelium preparations in the air increases their ATP content.
      When preparations are kept in the atmosphere of an inert gas, ATP level in the
      epithelium rapidly decreases, being recovered after transition of preparations to
      the air medium. The data obtained indicate the existence of apical type of
      respiration in the olfactory epithelium of the frog.

PMID- 3873152
TI  - [Assessment of the human immunological status by taking into account the
      correlations among individual indices].
AB  - The problem of correlation of the parameters of the immune system in the normal
      subjects and in patients with immunological diseases has been considered. The
      most informative relations have been determined and an attempt has been made to
      reveal common and specific signs of various immunological diseases.

PMID- 3873153
TI  - [Sensitivity of the process of the formation of antigen-induced B-suppressors to
      DNA synthesis inhibitors].
AB  - The injection of 5 X 10(7) sheep red blood cells (SRBC) to CBA and (CBA X
      C57BL/6)F1 mice was accompanied by the formation of antigen-induced B-suppressors
      (AIBs) in the spleen of the animals on day 7. When transferred to syngeneic
      intact recipients, AIBs inhibited their response to SRBC (control). Methotrexate
      in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, cytozar in a dose of 1000 mg/kg and 5-fluorouracyl in a
      dose of 100 mg/kg, injected to donors simultaneously with SRBC (group A), had no
      influence on the number of IgM-forming cells and, when introduced on day 5 after
      the injection of SRBC, decreased the number of such cells in donors (group B) as
      determined by testing the donors' response on day 7. The suppressor activity of
      AIBs obtained from the donors of group A was equal to that of the control, while
      AIBs obtained from the donors of group B had lower suppressor activity in
      comparison with the control. These results suggest that the proliferation of the
      precursors of AIBs occurs between days 2 and 5 of immune response and the
      formation of AIBs themselves, between days 5 and 7.

PMID- 3873154
TI  - [Comparative analysis of the use of levamisole and pyrogenal in the treatment of
      multiple sclerosis].
AB  - A series of 120 patients with multiple sclerosis was subjected to a clinico
      immunological examination and treatment. In a group of patients receiving
      levamisole, improvement of the neurologic symptomatology was observed in 65% of
      the cases and that of the immunological indices in 97.5%. Pyrogenal treatment led
      to no improvement in the immunological parameters. Clinical improvement in this
      group was seen in only 17.8% of the patients. It is recommended that treatment
      with levamisole be conducted following the preliminary assessment of the
      sensitivity of the patient's lymphocytes to the drug in vitro.

PMID- 3873155
TI  - High-dose intravenous thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction:
      efficiency, tolerance, complications and influence on left ventricular
      performance.
AB  - Ten patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) underwent coronarographic
      studies before, immediately after and ten days after an intravenous infusion of 1
      500 000 I.U. streptokinase (STK). Mean time between onset of symptoms to
      initiation of STK infusion was 03 hours 34 minutes. Occlusion of the infarct
      related vessel was present in all of them and successful thrombolysis was
      obtained in 8 of the patients. Systemic fibrinolytic activity was present in 9
      patients, one of whom required a transfusion of blood because of severe bleeding.
      At ventriculography, the global left ventricular ejection fraction and the
      regional ventricular ejection fraction, whatever the area involved, showed no
      significant improvement 10 days after the procedure. This suggests that high-dose
      intravenous STK in AMI, although causing an effective thrombolysis, does not seem
      to improve early myocardial function.

PMID- 3873156
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of nifedipine on secondary pulmonary hypertension in man.
AB  - We evaluated the hemodynamic effects of the calcium antagonist nifedipine in 13
      consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care unit with secondary pulmonary
      hypertension. Etiology of secondary pulmonary hypertension was: chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 9), pulmonary emboli (n = 2), pulmonary
      fibrosis (n = 2). We obtained the resting hemodynamic parameters before, and 60,
      120, 180 minutes after the sublingual administration of nifedipine 20 mg. All
      patients had normal pulmonary artery wedge pressure before nifedipine. After 60
      minutes, systolic pulmonary artery pressure fell from 72.3 +/- 7 to 57.3 +/- 5.4
      mm Hg (p less than 0.005) and mean pulmonary artery pressure from 44.6 +/- 4.0 to
      33.6 +/- 3.2 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). Cardiac output rose from 6.36 +/- 0.56 to
      7.65 +/- 0.64 l/min (p less than 0.005). The pulmonary vascular resistance fell
      from 431 +/- 58 to 238 +/- 36 dynes. sec. cm-5 (p less than 0.001). Heart rate,
      mean systemic arterial pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, total systemic
      vascular resistance and arterial partial pressure of O2 (PaO2) remained
      unchanged. In this heterogenous population we were unable to reproduce the
      results of other authors, showing a correlation between PaO2 and fall of
      pulmonary vascular resistance. These findings confirm the pulmonary vasodilating
      effect of nifedipine in patients with secondary pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 3873158
TI  - Detection of left ventricular false tendons by two-dimensional echocardiography.
AB  - In a prospective series of 300 consecutive patients referred for a two
      dimensional echocardiogram, the presence of left ventricular false tendons was
      searched. The diagnosis of a false tendon was made when a clear linear echo was
      continuously observed within the left ventricular cavity from the septum to the
      free wall or to a papillary muscle. Using this criterion, a false tendon was
      detected in 9 of the 300 patients (incidence of 3%), frequently from an apical
      position. The precise sites of attachment of the false tendons were observed by
      slight rotation and/or angulation of the transducer from the classic views: the
      septum and the lateral papillary muscle were the most frequent sites of
      attachment. Associated congenital heart disease was present in only 1 patient.
      Most patients had moderate symptoms and a soft musical systolic murmur. Three
      patients had premature ventricular contractions disappearing with exercise. The
      possible relations of LV false tendons with a musical murmur, arrhythmia or
      abnormal LV geometry are discussed.

PMID- 3873157
TI  - Relationship between different enzymatic estimations of the infarct size.
AB  - In 592 patients with an acute myocardial infarction different enzymatic
      estimations of the infarct size were compared. Heat stable lactate dehydrogenase
      (LD) was analysed every 12 hours for 48-108 hours. Aspartate amino transferase
      (ASAT) was analysed once daily for 3 days. In a subgroup creatine kinase (CK) and
      creatine kinase subunit B (CK B) were analysed every 6 hours for 48 hours. A
      strong positive correlation was observed between the peak activity of the
      different enzymes (r-values varying between 0.81 and 0.85). The peak activity of
      heat stable LD, CK and CK B were strongly related to the area under the enzyme
      curve (r-values varying between 0.94 and 0.98). A substantial decrease in
      estimated infarct size was observed in a large number of patients when intervals
      between sampling increased, most often found for CK B. It is concluded that the
      calculated peak activity of heat stable LD, ASAT, CK and CK B seems to give a
      similar information about the infarct size in the majority of patients with acute
      myocardial infarction. Analyses of the area under the enzyme curve do not deviate
      from calculated peak enzyme activity.

PMID- 3873159
TI  - Deoxycytidylate deaminase in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The diagnostic value of deoxycytidylate deaminase (dCMP) in the diagnosis of
      acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was examined in 31 healthy controls and 32
      patients with proven AMI. Its specificity in normal controls was 93.5%. Its
      highest levels were measured on the 3rd to 5th post-infarct day, when its
      sensitivity reached 97.5%. Its diagnostic performance was similar to that of
      SGOT, total LDH1/LDH2 ratio greater than 1, total CPK and CPK-MB. Its peak levels
      showed a highly significant correlation (p less than 0.001) with those of the
      above enzymes. The measurement of dCMP may be a valuable complement in the
      diagnosis of AMI since this enzyme is not affected by lung infarction or
      hemolysis. Moreover, since it expresses tissue regeneration rather than
      destruction it may aid in the assessment of various interventions designed for
      the promotion of myocardial healing process.

PMID- 3873160
TI  - The distribution of corticotrophin-releasing factor immunoreactivity in various
      ovine tissues.
AB  - The presence of CRF in various ovine tissues has been quantified by a
      radioimmunoassay using an antibody raised against ovine CRF synthesized in vitro.
      Acetic acid extracts of ovine hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, cerebellum,
      pituitary and a number of visceral organs assayed in serial dilutions gave
      inhibition curves parallel to those of synthetic CRF. The highest concentration
      of CRF immunoreactivity (CRF-I) was found in the pituitary (84.6 +/- 8.77 ng/g
      wet weight) and the second highest in the hypothalamus (79.1 +/- 2.77 ng/g wet
      weight). CRF-I in the cerebral cortex and visceral organs (stomach, duodenum,
      jejunum, ileum, pancreas and liver) was about 60 and 30% of that in the
      hypothalamus, respectively. Chromatography of extracted CRF-I from these tissues
      on Bio-Gel P-10, equilibrated and eluted with 0.1 M acetic acid, revealed a
      single immunoreactive peak corresponding to synthetic ovine CRF. These findings
      indicate that CRF is generally distributed throughout ovine tissues including
      visceral organs, although its function remains to be clarified.

PMID- 3873161
TI  - The effect of high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia on P50 in man.
AB  - The effect of high dosage fentanyl anaesthesia on P50 was studied in patients
      undergoing coronary bypass surgery. After induction of fentanyl anaesthesia 100
      micrograms X kg-1 with pancuronium muscle relaxation P50 changed significantly (P
      less than 0.005) from 3.40 +/- 0.12 to 3.33 +/- 0.13 kPa. This anaesthesia
      technique decreases P50 in vivo, but this has more theoretical than practical
      importance.

PMID- 3873162
TI  - Surgical stimulation during high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia: effects of
      dehydrobenzperidol on the haemodynamics and myocardial oxygenation.
AB  - Twenty-four patients undergoing a coronary artery bypass grafting operation with
      high-dose fentanyl (100 micrograms/kg)-lorazepam-oxygen anaesthesia were divided
      into a control group and a group receiving in addition 0.25 mg/kg
      dehydrobenzperidol (DHBP) before the skin incision (DHBP-group). The changes in
      the central and coronary haemodynamics and the myocardial oxygenation were
      studied and compared between the two groups during the skin incision and
      sternotomy, in order to evaluate the possible effects of the dehydrobenzperidol
      in preventing the harmful haemodynamic effects of surgical stimulation during
      high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia. In the control group a marked increase in the
      systemic vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure was seen during surgery.
      This haemodynamic stimulation was prevented by dehydrobenzperidol during the skin
      incision and markedly reduced during the sternotomy. Regardless of whether or not
      DHBP was given, a significant increase in the myocardial oxygen consumption was
      observed during the sternotomy; in the control group, the increase was slightly
      higher and was compensated by a greater increase in the myocardial oxygen
      extraction. No significant changes were seen in the coronary sinus blood flow or
      coronary vascular resistance in either group during the study period. The surgery
      caused no change in the myocardial lactate extraction in either group, although
      myocardial lactate production was observed in one control patient and the
      myocardial lactate extraction was markedly reduced in two other control patients
      and one DHBP patient.

PMID- 3873163
TI  - Multiple sclerosis and mortality statistics.
AB  - We have previously found a 3-fold increase in prevalence and a corresponding
      increase in incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) from 1963 to 1983 in the county
      of Hordaland, Norway. When studying the official mortality statistics and the
      deceased patients in our clinical MS-material, no increase in death rate could be
      observed in the same period. We also found that official mortality statistics
      include both over- and underestimates of MS-patients. Of definite MS-patients in
      the clinical material, 91.7% were registered with MS on the death certificates,
      either as underlying or contributory cause of death. When studying only
      underlying cause of death, we found that 59.5% of deceased definite MS patients
      were registered as MS on the death certificates. This study shows that official
      mortality statistics reflect a change in incidence of MS both incompletely and
      with a delay of several decades.

PMID- 3873164
TI  - T-cell subsets in multiple sclerosis: relationships between peripheral blood and
      cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - We contemporarily studied cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood (PB) T
      cell subsets, defined by monoclonal antibodies, in 29 patients with multiple
      sclerosis (MS) and 10 patients with other neurological diseases (OND). All
      subjects showed a clear-cut prevalence of CSF T-cells. Similarly, T-helper and T
      suppressor subsets tended to show higher percentages in CSF in almost all
      subjects except relapsing MS, who were characterized by low percentages of T
      suppressors in PB and even much lower percentages in CSF. Helper/suppressor
      ratios were found to be almost similar in the two body compartments of OND
      patients, lower in CSF than in PB of chronic progressive MS, always higher in CSF
      than in PB of relapsing MS. MS patients in remission showed both patterns of
      progressive MS and OND patients. Our results demonstrate that the loss of PB T
      suppressor in relapsing MS is not due to a migration of such cells into CSF.
      Furthermore, regarding T-lymphocyte subsets, a typical CSF/PB pattern
      characterizes relapsing MS from other patients.

PMID- 3873165
TI  - Cytofluorescence localization of propidium iodide injected intravenously into the
      nervous system of the mouse.
AB  - Propidium iodide, like its analogue ethidium bromide, is a compound which can be
      used as a marker of nucleic acids. This substance emits a red fluorescent light
      after exposure to UV light and has therefore been used previously as a nuclear
      stain in immunofluorescence studies and in flow cytometry. The present
      experiments were carried out to find out if propidium iodide could be traced in
      sections of the nervous system after i.v. injections. Due to the general toxicity
      of the compound detectable amounts of propidium iodide could not be obtained by a
      single i.v. injection. However, multiple injections of small amounts (0.1 mg)
      over a period from 15 min to 8 h (total dose 0.7-1.0 mg) were tolerated without
      any signs of adverse effects. In such experiments propidium iodide did not
      extravasate into the cerebral gray or white matter, i.e., areas of the brain
      located within the blood-brain barrier (BBB). On the other hand, the compound
      spread into the choroid plexus, the circumventricular organs, the Gasserian
      ganglion, and sciatic nerve, i.e., regions located outside the BBB. It had a
      strong tendency to label the nucleus and the perikaryon of the cells in each of
      these territories. Perifascicular injection of propidium iodide around the
      sciatic nerve was followed by a marked cellular uptake not only in the epineurium
      but also in the endoneurium. The shape and position of the labeled nuclei
      strongly indicated that they were the nuclei of Schwann cells. Previous studies
      have shown that propidium iodide can be used as a retrograde tracer in
      neuroanatomic research.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3873166
TI  - Effect of inoculum size on the induction of endophthalmitis in aphakic rabbit
      eyes.
AB  - A reproducible animal model is necessary to examine the use of antimicrobial
      agents for prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis. We determined
      the minimum inoculum size of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa that consistently
      produced endophthalmitis when injected into aphakic rabbit eyes immediately
      following surgery. Both anterior chamber and intravitreal injections were
      examined. For S. aureus, an intravitreal inoculum of 19.3 +/- 7.5 CFU and an
      anterior chamber inoculum of 50.5 +/- 4.0 CFU were required. For P. aeruginosa,
      an intravitreal inoculum of 5.5 +/- 2.6 CFU and an anterior chamber inoculum of
      97.5 +/- 10.7 CFU consistently produced a fulminant infection. Lower inocula of
      both bacteria produced endophthalmitis in both locations, but the effect was
      inconsistent.

PMID- 3873167
TI  - Mitogenic activity and epidermal growth factor content in human milk.
AB  - The concentration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) was determined by
      radioimmunoassay in colostral and mature human milk. The content of EGF in
      colostral milk was 25-38 ng/ml compared to 5.2-11.5 ng/ml in samples of mature
      milk. The radioimmunoassayable EGF content in mature milk was not influenced by
      pasteurization and EGF was detected in a preparation of human milk protein at a
      concentration similar to that found in mature milk. The growth promoting activity
      in human milk measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation in human fibroblasts was
      higher in colostral milk (stimulated incorporation 8.7 fold) than in mature milk
      (stimulated incorporation about 7-fold).

PMID- 3873168
TI  - Effect of phlorizin on the changes of membrane potential, water, Na and K
      transport induced by cevadine in frog muscle.
AB  - The effect of phlorizin on the parameters of cevadine induced membrane potential
      oscillation and the development of the potential changes were investigated in
      frog (Rana esculenta) sartorius muscles. The action of phlorizin on Na transport,
      water and cation contents of cevadine-treated muscles were also studied. On the
      effect of phlorizin applied at a concentration of 1 mmol/1 the frequency of the
      membrane potential oscillation evoked by cevadine decreased by about half,
      parallel with an about four-fold increase in the duration of the resting period
      and the prepotential. Phlorizin, applied at a concentration of 2 mmol/l on the
      neural part of the muscle before cevadine treatment, delayed the development of
      depolarization evoked by cevadine. In the cevadine-pretreated muscles the
      enhanced 24Na-uptake was not reduced by 2 mmol/l phlorizin. 2 mmol/l phlorizin,
      applied during the radioactivity washout period, diminished reversibly the rate
      coefficient for 24Na loss by 49% in 120 min. The 24Na-efflux increasing effect of
      cevadine, which is characteristic otherwise, was prevented by phlorizin. This
      action was also reversible. The intracellular water, Na, and K contents of
      muscles were not altered significantly by 2 mmol/l phlorizin even in 3 hours.
      Under the effect of cevadine the characteristic gain in intracellular water, Na
      content and [Na]i developed despite phlorizin treatment, but the changes
      mentioned above evolved more slowly. In the phlorizin-pretreated muscles the K
      content decreasing effect of cevadine failed to come about. In the muscles
      pretreated with phlorizin the [K]i was reduced by cevadine at a proportional
      degree to water-uptake.

PMID- 3873170
TI  - Marijuana and psychosis.

PMID- 3873169
TI  - [Immunological studies on herpetic keratitis. Induction of cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes in mouse splenocytes].

PMID- 3873172
TI  - Alterations in plasma-, monocyte-, and lymphocyte-associated fibronectin during
      cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
AB  - The changes in plasma fibronectin and IgG, and monocyte- and lymphocyte
      associated fibronectin were studied in patients undergoing elective
      cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. A significant fall (P = less than 0.0005) in
      plasma fibronectin occurred during bypass, resulting largely from hemodilution as
      assessed by IgG concentrations, but also related to consumption of fibronectin.
      Plasma levels were still reduced 48 hours following the operative procedure,
      despite variable amounts of blood components infused in the immediate post-bypass
      period. Monocyte-associated fibronectin increased significantly (P = less than
      0.05) during bypass, and lymphocyte-associated fibronectin levels decreased. Our
      studies confirm a reduction in circulating fibronectin in cardiac surgery, with
      accompanying fall in lymphocyte-associated levels presumed to reflect nonspecific
      adsorption. In contrast, the increased binding to monocytes may be an important
      functional aspect requiring further investigation, together with assessment of
      monocyte-macrophage function, before empiric use of cryoprecipitate therapy in
      these patients is recommended.

PMID- 3873171
TI  - Correlates of mid-radius bone density among postmenopausal women: a community
      study.
AB  - We surveyed mid-radius bone density in a geographically-defined population of 324
      women, 55-80 years old from two small, demographically-similar communities whose
      water supply provided 60 mg/l and 375 mg/l of elemental calcium. Mean community
      calcium intakes were 964 mg/day and 1329 mg/day respectively. Bone density,
      measured by photon densitometry, was correlated with physical measurements,
      medical history, and reported nutritional intake. Mid-radius bone density
      decreased with age while the following additional factors were independently and
      positively associated with bone density: humeral muscle area (p = 0.0001),
      extended estrogen use (p = 0.0004), thiazide use (p = 0.0029), and vitamin D
      intake (p = 0.0104). Estimated total calcium intake alone did not significantly
      correlate with bone density; however, mean bone density was significantly greater
      in persons whose calcium intake was greater than 800 mg/day, consumed
      concurrently with vitamin D in amounts greater than 400 IU (p = 0.0342), the
      Recommended Daily Allowance of these two nutrients.

PMID- 3873173
TI  - A respiratory epidemiological study of stevedores intermittently exposed to
      asbestos in a South African port.
AB  - The prevalence of asbestosis in stevedores intermittently transporting
      crocidolite asbestos in a South African port was found to be 30% in a cross
      sectional survey. Diagnostic criteria are discussed in terms of the low index of
      suspicion for industrial diseases, the high probability of missing slight
      radiological changes, and the attribution of radiological lesions to other
      diseases, particularly tuberculosis, in a high prevalence area. Results are
      compared with other studies. Asbestosis was not associated with tuberculosis.
      Smoking was not significantly associated with asbestosis, other respiratory signs
      and symptoms, or radiological abnormality.

PMID- 3873174
TI  - Primary central nervous system lymphoma in homosexual men. Clinical, immunologic,
      and pathologic features.
AB  - Primary central nervous system lymphoma constitutes one of the criteria for the
      acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), yet a paucity of information is
      currently available regarding the clinical, immunologic, or pathologic features
      of these patients. Six homosexual men presenting with primary central nervous
      system lymphoma were evaluated. Five of these patients presented with altered
      mental status. All lymphomas were intracranial. B cell immunoblastic sarcoma was
      found in five. Immune phenotyping studies performed in five patients revealed
      monoclonal lambda light chain in three, whereas one expressed only IgG heavy
      chain, and one demonstrated another B cell (LN-1) surface antigen. Hypodense,
      contrast-enhancing lesions were apparent on computed axial tomographic scanning
      of the brain, in sharp contrast to isodense or hyperdense lesions reported in
      primary central nervous system lymphomas without underlying immunodeficiency.
      Immunologic abnormalities in these patients were similar to those in AIDS
      presenting as Kaposi's sarcoma or with opportunistic infections. In spite of
      therapeutic interventions, survival was short, and only one patient is currently
      alive.

PMID- 3873175
TI  - Antenatal therapy with corticosteroids and postpartum complications.
AB  - In a group of patients receiving dexamethasone antenataly, there was no
      difference in incidence of postpartum complications when compared to a group
      treated with a placebo. It is concluded that, from the maternal point of view,
      selected pregnant patients may safely receive corticosteroids to minimize the
      incidence of respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 3873176
TI  - Implantation site in complete molar pregnancy: a study of immunologically
      competent cells with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - The nature and intensity of inflammatory cellular infiltrate in the implantation
      sites of 10 complete molar pregnancies were evaluated by immunohistochemical
      staining of frozen tissue sections with monoclonal antibodies. As compared to the
      implantation site in normal pregnancy, there was an increase in the number of
      infiltrating inflammatory cells in the molar implantation site. Most of the
      inflammatory cells were T cells with predominance of T4+ (Leu-3a+) cells over T8+
      cells. Inflammatory cells were not detected in the molar vesicles. The possible
      implications of these findings in molar pregnancy are discussed.

PMID- 3873177
TI  - Adverse consequences of altering the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test.
AB  - Modifications of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test (e.g., selection of new
      fixed-reference caps from within the test) have been proposed, with little or no
      theoretical justification or experimental verification. Predictions based on
      theoretical considerations of the underlying nature of the test and verified by
      experimental measurements on subjects with known color defects demonstrate that
      (1) modification can destroy the very nature of the test; (2) modification can
      alter axis determination and therefore, potentially, the diagnosis; (3) the
      resulting test scores cannot be compared reliably to established norms; and (4)
      accurate predictions of test performance can be made from theoretical
      considerations.

PMID- 3873178
TI  - Suicide among the elderly: levels and trends.
AB  - Despite the publicity attending increased rates of suicide for the young, U.S.
      suicide rates continue to be highest in old age. Suicide thus represents a major
      mental health problem for a still-neglected age group. National levels and trends
      of suicide among the aged are presented by sex and race for 1933-1978.
      Explanations of these trends are considered, and information is provided on
      recognition and prevention of geriatric suicide.

PMID- 3873179
TI  - Subcontracture depolarizations increase sarcoplasmic ionized calcium in frog
      skeletal muscle.
AB  - The hypothesis that the sarcoplasmic concentration of ionized calcium (Cai) of
      frog skeletal muscle may control its rate of metabolism was examined by
      monitoring the changes in Cai due to perturbations that are known, from the work
      of previous investigators, to alter the rate of metabolism. Cai was measured with
      aequorin, which was microinjected into isolated fibers in sufficient quantity to
      detect basal Cai. When these fibers were exposed to 5-18 mM KCl, 75 mM RbCl2, or
      100 mM CsCl2, there was an increase in the aequorin signal. The potassium-evoked
      increase in the aequorin signal was diminished by an increase in the
      extracellular concentration of Ca or by Ca-free media containing 3.6 mM Mg, Mn,
      Sr, or Zn but was enhanced by subcontracture concentrations of caffeine or media
      containing nitrate instead of chloride. These results are consistent with the
      hypothesis that Cai may control the rate of metabolism in frog skeletal muscle
      fibers.

PMID- 3873180
TI  - Characteristics of sudden potential drop in bullfrog gastric mucosa.
AB  - An unusual sudden potential drop (SPD) has been described by Kidder in bullfrog
      gastric mucosa exposed to anoxia and a serosal pH less than or equal to 7.1. We
      found that anoxia was not a prerequisite, since under fully oxygenated conditions
      the SPD occurred reliably in metiamide-treated tissues when the pH of the
      nutrient solution (pHN) was below 7.1. The SPD was observed also in metiamide
      treated tissues exposed to 20 mM luminal or nutrient acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)
      with pHN = 7.3, an effect that was abolished by increased nutrient HCO3-
      concentration. The SPD occurred when NO3- but not isethionate or acetate replaced
      Cl- in the bathing media. A marked increase in potential difference in response
      to changing luminal Cl- concentration was observed after the SPD, uptake of Cl-
      from the luminal solution into the tissue increased, but transmural fluxes of Cl-
      decreased bidirectionally. Permeability to H+ was unaltered in the post-SPD
      state. An SPD never occurred in antrum under conditions causing SPD in fundus,
      suggesting that oxyntic cells are prerequisite. We conclude that, under
      conditions which cause tissue or cellular acidosis and cessation of H+ secretion,
      fundic mucosae respond with an anion-selective increase in apical permeability
      manifest as the SPD.

PMID- 3873181
TI  - Antigen-presenting capacity of mouse decidual tissue and placenta.
AB  - The antigen-presenting capacity of cells within mouse decidual tissue and the
      fetal placenta was assessed using the antigen-presenting cell assay to measure
      immune T cell proliferation stimulated by a second presentation of antigen. Cells
      within decidual tissue bind and present the soluble antigen dinitrophenylated
      ovalbumin in an antigen-specific and major histocompatibility complex-restricted
      manner. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) were detected in decidual tissue from day
      8 until day 15 of pregnancy, in deciduoma and in fetal placental tissues. These
      findings show that cells within decidual tissue may serve as APCs with the
      ability to process and present fetal antigens to the maternal immune system and
      may therefore determine the direction of the maternal immune response of
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3873182
TI  - Improved stress test results after multiple coronary grafting.
AB  - Compared with previous reports that have addressed the issue of preoperative and
      postoperative stress testing in coronary artery bypass grafting, our results show
      a 30 percent improvement in the conversion rate from abnormal to normal. In a
      group of patients with severe coronary artery disease, we have been able to
      obtain normal stress test results postoperatively. Modern surgical techniques,
      including the use of blood cardioplegia and other methods of myocardial
      preservation, have allowed for safety in doing adequate grafting. From our
      population, we identified a select group of patients (approximately 30 percent)
      who require 6 or more grafts for complete revascularization. Although our follow
      up of 30 months is relatively short, we are encouraged by the results so far. We
      believe that more than 90 percent of patients can be converted to normal
      postoperative stress test results after adequate coronary artery bypass grafting.

PMID- 3873183
TI  - Cogan's syndrome.

PMID- 3873184
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects with intravenous infusion of nifedipine (Adalat) in
      cardiosurgical patients].
AB  - The haemodynamic effects of 0.35 micrograms/kg bw/min and 0.70 micrograms/kg
      bw/min nifedipine (Adalat) as an infusion have been studied in 64 patients
      undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery. The measurements were performed at four
      different times: 1. before induction of anaesthesia, 2. after induction of
      anaesthesia, 3. before cannulation of the aorta, 4. during extracorporeal
      circulation (ECC). In a follow-up study haemodynamics were controlled in detail
      after weaning from ECC. Each group was compared to a control group having
      received 0.9% NaCl as placebo. Preoperative as well as intraoperative application
      of nifedipine led to a decrease in arterial pressure and total systemic
      resistance, whereas cardiac index showed an increase. Heart rate, central venous
      pressure, pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure remained almost
      unchanged. No relevant effect on contractility could be seen. During ECC
      nifedipine led to a decrease in arterial perfusion pressure and oxygenator
      volume, thus indicating arterial vasodilatation and venous pooling. The
      investigations after ECC demonstrated stabilisation in cardiac rhythm and
      myocardial function. In conclusion, dose-dependent haemodynamic changes after
      intravenous application of nifedipine indicate a reduction in myocardial oxygen
      demand without detrimental effects on myocardial performance.

PMID- 3873185
TI  - Occurrence of bone fractures and parathyroid hyperplasia in paraphysectomized
      frogs (Rana catesbeiana).
AB  - The physiological role of the amphibian paraphysis was studied by removing the
      paraphysis from bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana) and observing change in frog
      weight, bone development, and parathyroid glands 22 months later. Development was
      similar in control and paraphysectomized frogs until 6 months when the
      experimental frogs began to show greater weight gain which persisted for the
      remaining 16 months. At the time of sacrifice (22 months after paraphysectomy),
      the parathyroid glands of the experimental frogs were enlarged with a tenfold
      increase in wet weight and a sevenfold increase in dry weight. The glands from
      experimental frogs had numerous cysts filled with eosinophilic staining material;
      histologically the cell nuclei were rounded and the cytoplasm was vesiculated. At
      the time of sacrifice the experimental frogs had knoblike deformities along the
      shafts of the long bones. These deformities were due to callus formation around
      spontaneous bone fractures as revealed by X-rays of the tibia-fibulas and femurs.
      The dry weight was greater but calcium content less in femurs from experimental
      frogs. These findings indicate the paraphysis plays a role in calcium metabolism,
      possibly by producing a factor necessary for calcium action on cells.

PMID- 3873186
TI  - Biventricular function after myocardial revascularization in humans:
      deterioration and recovery patterns during the first 24 hours.
AB  - Critical changes in left and right ventricular function immediately after
      myocardial revascularization may affect the success of the procedure, morbidity,
      and mortality. To delineate these changes and identify vulnerable patient
      populations and times of highest risk, ventricular function was studied for 24 h
      in 22 patients undergoing myocardial revascularization. Preoperative ejection
      fractions ranged from 0.26 to 0.81. For each patient, eight left and eight right
      ventricular function curves (LVFC and RVFC) were generated by altering preload
      during the 24-h perioperative period. Central venous pressure ranged from 0 to 19
      mmHg and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure from 0 to 31 mmHg. In all patients,
      significant (P less than 0.05) left and right ventricular dysfunction occurred at
      15 min following bypass, LVFCs and RVFCs being depressed 35-75% of control. The
      degree of depression and the pattern of recovery could be predicted best
      (stepwise logistic regression) by two preoperative indices: the ejection fraction
      and degree of dyssynergy. Patients with ejection fractions greater than 0.55 and
      no significant dyssynergy (n = 11) had postbypass LVFCs and RVFCs that were 75%
      and 60% of control, respectively. However, these depressions were transient, and
      recovery to 90% of control occurred within 4 h of revascularization. In contrast,
      patients having preoperative ejection fractions less than 0.45 or dyssynergy (n =
      11) had more severely depressed ventricular function (LVFC = 40% and RVFC = 30%
      of control) that persisted for 24 h after revascularization, resulting in only
      60% recovery of ventricular function. In conclusion, the preoperative indices-
      ejection fraction and degree of dyssynergy--best identified patients most likely
      to have significant and prolonged biventricular dysfunction after
      revascularization.

PMID- 3873187
TI  - [Mechanisms of the regulation of water-electrolyte metabolism depending upon
      different methods of general anesthesia during heart surgery under hypothermic
      perfusion].

PMID- 3873188
TI  - An interesting case presenting with malaise and sacral lesions.

PMID- 3873189
TI  - Direct current stimulation of bone production in the pony: observations with a
      diaphyseal osteotomy model.
AB  - Electrically induced osteogenesis exhibits a dose response curve and can induce
      bone formation in the absence of trauma and in nonunions. Electrically induced
      osteogenesis, using direct electric current (DC) in a third metacarpal diaphyseal
      osteotomy model, in conjunction with internal fixation and postoperative loading,
      was investigated. Twelve young adult ponies of mixed sex were divided into 2
      treatment groups (A and B) of 3 stimulated and 3 controls each and evaluated,
      using a specifically designed procedure. Stimulated ponies in both groups were
      given 20 microA of DC via an implanted bone growth stimulator (BGS); group A
      ponies were stimulated for 60 days and group B ponies for 120 days.
      Biocompatibility of the BGS was excellent in all ponies. Radiographically, there
      was more advanced healing with better vascular development in the ponies
      stimulated for 60 days compared with controls, but no discernible difference was
      seen at 120 days. Nuclear medical bone imaging revealed a peak uptake at 4 weeks
      in stimulated groups and the uptake decreased after 8 weeks. Radiopharmaceutical
      uptake in stimulated ponies was consistently below control uptake throughout the
      study. Mean specific gravity (SG) of specimens prepared for testing materials
      properties for group A and B controls were 2.044 +/- 0.119 and 1.939 +/- 0.065,
      respectively. The SG for group A and group B stimulated were 1.992 +/- 0.049 and
      1.876 +/- 0.031, respectively. The SG of specimens obtained from metacarpi of age
      matched control ponies was 2.194 +/- 0.166. The ultimate bending strengths and
      the flexural moduli of elasticity in 60-day control ponies and stimulated ponies
      were 57 +/- 8.4, 59 +/- 23.9 MN/m2 and 89 +/- 3.5, 106 +/- 6.5 MN/m2 and in 120
      day control ponies and stimulated ponies were 13 +/- 1.0, 13 +/- 3.2 GN/m2 and 13
      +/- 2.89, 15 +/- 0.577 GN/m2, respectively. Sixty-day samples and 120-day samples
      had pending strengths (SU) of 25% and 50% that of unfractured cortex,
      respectively. These findings indicate that 20 microA of DC stimulation on a
      diaphyseal osteotomy model may not stimulate sufficient bone production to affect
      the mechanical properties of the bone. Therefore, based on our research, clinical
      use of BGS in fresh fracture management cannot be recommended.

PMID- 3873191
TI  - Capacitively coupled electrical stimulation of bone healing in the horse: in vivo
      study with a Salter type IV osteotomy model with stainless steel surface
      electrodes.
AB  - The use of capacitively coupled low-voltage signals for stimulation of
      osteogenesis has been reported in a variety of animal models. Electrically
      induced osteogenesis was investigated with a capacitively coupled electric field
      on a radius (distal-lateral orientation) osteotomy model, in conjunction with
      internal fixation and postoperative loading. Twelve adult horses of either sex
      were allotted to 2 groups of 6; 1 group was given electrical stimulation and the
      other served as controls. A low-voltage high-frequency capacitively coupled
      electrical signal was locally and continuously applied to the electrically
      stimulated group for 60 days through external, bare stainless steel surface
      electrodes which were placed on the skin in circuit with a small, portable power
      source. Harness compatibility and stimulator and battery durability were
      excellent. However, stainless steel electrodes required a rigid maintenance
      schedule to maintain consistent current levels. Synovial fluid evaluation
      demonstrated intra-articular inflammation (decreased viscosity, hyaluronic acid,
      and increased protein concentration) 1 week postoperatively that generally
      improved during subsequent weeks and no distinction between groups was observed
      at 60 days. Radiographically, there was no difference in the appearance of the
      healing process of control and that of stimulated horses during the 60 days.
      Angiography showed bridging blood vessels in both groups. Uptake of a bone
      seeking radiopharmaceutical peaked at 3 weeks in both groups and was 1.92 +/- 0.6
      cps/pixel/mCi and 1.26 +/- 0.40 csp/pixel/mCi for control and stimulated horses,
      respectively. At any given observation period, uptake in the lesion area was
      greater in the control group. Ultimate strengths of trabecular bone in 60-day
      control radii and stimulated radii were 12.64 +/- 3.013 and 9.60 +/- 3.95 MN/m2,
      and the flexural moduli of elasticity were 698.0 +/- 423 and 402.0 +/- 523 MN/m2,
      respectively. Porosity index was similar for all specimens. Gross, histologic,
      and microradiographic evaluations indicated that controls healed more efficiently
      than stimulated horses. A capacitively coupled applied voltage of 2.2 V RMS
      (mean) producing a current of 17.32 mA (mean) did not stimulate sufficient bone
      production in a metaphyseal osteotomy model to affect the mechanical properties
      of the bone or accelerate the healing process.

PMID- 3873190
TI  - Direct current stimulation of bone production in the horse: preliminary study
      with a "gap healing" model.
AB  - The effect of a 20-microA direct-current implantable bone growth stimulator (BGS)
      on bone production with a "gap healing" model in the horse was evaluated. The
      right and left 4th metatarsal bones (Mt-4) were used in 7 adult horses to create
      the "gap healing" model. A 4-mm section of the Mt-4 bone was resected bilaterally
      in each horse. The BGS was surgically placed into the 7 left Mt-4 defects. The 7
      right Mt-4 defects served as controls. Six horses survived the 16-week
      experimental period. Signs of pain, decreased range of limb motion, or lameness
      was not observed in any animal during the 16 weeks. None of the animals showed
      complete healing radiographically. Four stimulated sites showed less periosteal
      reaction and 2 showed greater reaction than the 6 controls. The greatest amount
      of periosteal reaction or bone resorption was seen around the screws and plates
      in both groups. Uptakes of 99mTc-MDP in counts/pixel for control sites and
      stimulated sites were 7.90 and 8.25 in the "gap defect" and 5.19 and 5.06 in the
      areas adjacent to the gap defect. The ratio of uptake between the gap defect and
      adjacent area was 1.5 and 1.58 respectively. Biocompatability of the BGS was
      excellent; however, 1 horse had a broken cathode wire 5 cm from the generator
      capsule at 6 weeks. All polyethylene cathode sheaths were fluid filled at 16
      weeks. The average mineralization rates were 1.57 +/- 0.34, 1.71 +/- 0.28 mm/day
      and bone formation activity was 0.0182 +/- 0.171, and 0.0168 +/- 0.0149 mm2/day
      for control limbs and stimulated limbs, respectively. There was no significant
      difference between groups in any of the histomorphometric values measured. Direct
      current (20 microA) did not increase bone production in this experiment. Methods
      to objectively evaluate electrically induced osteogenesis and a "gap defect"
      model for BGS research on the horse are discussed. The results provide a basis
      for additional research on electrical stimulation of fractures in the horse and
      for dose-response studies.

PMID- 3873192
TI  - Asbestos-related disease in railroad workers. A cross-sectional study.
AB  - A cross-sectional prevalence study of 377 railroad workers was carried out. The
      purpose was to investigate the prevalence of asbestos-related disease. We
      compared conventional with more recently adopted criteria for defining abnormal
      lung function. We compared the test results of those who performed reproducibly
      on spirometry with those who did not. Medical and occupational histories, flow
      volume loops, and posteroanterior and lateral chest radiographs were obtained.
      Single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) was measured, and chest
      auscultation was performed. Related to time since onset of exposure, pleural
      plaques occurred in 22.9%. There was radiographic evidence of interstitial
      disease in 1.6%. Reduced single-breath DLCO (12.4%), crackles (18.4%), and
      dyspnea (49.6%) were significantly associated with asbestos exposure. The
      prevalence of restriction and obstruction was 5.1 and 12.4%, respectively, but
      differed (p = 0.0001) with the definition criteria selected. The proportion with
      each of these abnormalities was higher in the nonreproducible group. That group
      was older, with more pleural plaques and chronic bronchitis. Railroad workers are
      a group at risk for asbestos-related disease. Extent of disease and assumptions
      about causality are likely to vary with definitions of normalcy and the use of
      reproducibility criteria.

PMID- 3873193
TI  - Distribution of forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity
      in healthy, white, adult never-smokers in six U.S. cities.
AB  - As part of a longitudinal study of the respiratory health effects of air
      pollution, we measured the lung function of 2,454 white adults 25 to 74 yr of age
      who had never smoked and who reported no respiratory symptoms. These measurements
      were analyzed to develop a simple model for the cross-sectional dependence of
      pulmonary function on height, sex, and age. Both forced expiratory volume in one
      second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) can be effectively standardized for
      body size by dividing each pulmonary function measurement by the square of the
      standing height (HT2). The age-specific distribution of these standardized
      measurements is approximately Gaussian, with variance that is independent of age.
      Plots of FEV1/HT2 and FVC/HT2 against age showed a nonlinear relationship
      consistent with an increase in the rate of pulmonary function loss with age. On
      the basis of these graphic analyses, both pulmonary function measurements were
      fitted to a four-parameter normative model including sex and linear and quadratic
      terms in age as dependent variables. This model gave predictions that were very
      close to those from more complicated models currently in use. Predicted
      percentile levels were calculated for each sex and age, and shown to describe the
      observations well. The estimated annual change in height-standardized lung
      function based on the cross-sectional model was compared with the observed change
      between the first and second examinations of these adults 3 yr later. The
      observed changes were close to predicted values, except for subjects younger than
      35 yr of age at their first examination. The observed change was larger for men
      than for women. Such simple longitudinal comparisons are subject to selection
      bias. In this study, subjects in the lowest quartile of FEV1/HT2 for their age
      and sex at the first examination had a lower probability of providing a lung
      function measurement 3 yr later.

PMID- 3873194
TI  - Nutritional emphysema in the rat. Influence of protein depletion and impaired
      lung growth.
AB  - Emphysema is produced by severe food restriction in rats and is postulated to
      result from depletion of lung connective tissue. We studied (1) whether total
      dietary protein depletion worsens nutritional emphysema, and (2) whether the
      reduced content of lung connective tissue in nutritional emphysema results from
      lack of accumulation caused by impaired lung growth or by a net loss from the
      lung. Lewis rats weighing 200 g were restricted to one third food intake with or
      without protein for 6 wk. Lungs were assessed by morphometry, pressure-volume (P
      V) measurements, and content of collagen and elastin. Emphysema was found by
      morphometry (but not by P-V measurements) in food-restricted rats, and contrary
      to expectation, emphysema was less severe in those depleted of protein. Collagen
      and elastin content were reduced in emphysematous lungs; however, the levels were
      not below those found prior to nutritional intervention, suggesting that lack of
      growth, not depletion, accounts for the reduced content.

PMID- 3873195
TI  - A case of invasive penicilliosis in Hong Kong with immunologic evaluation.
AB  - A 53-yr-old Chinese sailor developed prolonged pyrexia with unresolved lobar
      pneumonia, cervical lymphadenopathy, generalized subcutaneous abscesses, and
      pericardial effusion. Penicillium marneffei was isolated from pericardial fluid
      and subcutaneous pus and was demonstrated on histologic sections of lymph nodes
      and lung tissue. The penicilliosis was treated successfully with amphotericin B,
      ketoconazole, and 5-fluorocytosine. Subsequently, he also developed other T
      lymphocyte-related opportunistic infections such as disseminated cutaneous herpes
      zoster and chronic osteomyelitis of sternum caused by Salmonella typhimurium. He
      was also a chronic carrier of cytomegalovirus. Further investigations showed that
      he had persistent depression of T-lymphocyte function and enhancement of B
      lymphocyte activity, the cause of which was undetermined.

PMID- 3873196
TI  - Bleeding lipomas of the upper gastrointestinal tract. A diagnostic challenge.
AB  - Submucosal lipoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract is a rare benign tumor.
      However, it may present as both a diagnostic problem and as a life threatening
      lesion due to exsanguinating hemorrhage. The authors report four patients with
      significant upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to ulcerating lipomas. In two
      patients the lesions were gastric and in two patients the lesions were duodenal
      in origin. In no instance could the diagnosis of lipoma be accurately established
      short of operative intervention because of unusual morphologic features. Surgical
      extirpation was necessary to stop the bleeding and establish the histologic
      diagnosis of the tumor.

PMID- 3873197
TI  - Changes in antithrombin, antiplasmin, and plasminogen during and after
      cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - Platelet counts and several clotting parameters, especially antithrombin, alpha 2
      antiplasmin, and plasminogen, were determined in 33 patients undergoing
      cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Except for Factors VIII and XI, all activities
      measured fell significantly as the patients were placed on the pump. This initial
      drop paralleled the drop in hematocrit, i.e., the drop was most likely due to
      hemodilution. During the entire procedure the activities remained decreased,
      again paralleling the hematocrit. Only the drop in platelet counts was greater
      than the hematocrit, suggesting additional consumption during bypass. In the ICU
      a second significant drop in antithrombin, prothrombin, and Factor V was noted
      that was not reflected by a drop in hematocrit. The cause for this is not known
      at this time. Although the patients with the lowest antithrombin levels, compared
      to the highest levels in the ICU seemed to have a greater need for protamine and
      blood and had greater chest tube drainage, none of these changes were
      significantly different. Comparisons between activated clotting times (ACTs) and
      actual heparin levels revealed a good correlation (0.886). Good correlations were
      also noted when manual factor assays were compared with automated assays using an
      automated analyzer suggesting the potential use of automation and profiling for
      these patients. Possible reasons for some of the most commonly encountered
      postoperative bleeding problems are discussed.

PMID- 3873198
TI  - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in Listeria monocytogenes meningitis.

PMID- 3873199
TI  - Pneumocystis carinii in bone marrow.

PMID- 3873200
TI  - Dilute sodium hyaluronate (Healon) in the treatment of ocular surface disorders.
AB  - The use of dilute (1/10%) sodium hyaluronate (Healon) eyedrops has given definite
      subjective patient improvement in a variety of ocular surface disorders,
      especially keratitis sicca. No adverse effects of the sodium hyaluronate drops
      have been encountered in patients who have used the drops for as long as two
      years. Masked trials and objective improvement of corneal staining patterns have
      also confirmed its efficacy.

PMID- 3873201
TI  - The annular ligament attachment to the normal human stapes footplate. A scanning
      electron microscopic study.
AB  - Following disarticulation of the stapes from the oval window, the free edge of
      the adult human stapes was examined with the scanning electron microscope.
      Regions of the articulating surface of the rim were examined and found to vary
      considerably. Anterior, posterior, and lateral ligaments are described, each with
      tympanic, intermediate, and lateral components.

PMID- 3873202
TI  - [N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-para-aminobenzoic acid test (PABA test) in children].

PMID- 3873203
TI  - The nerve allograft response--an experimental model in the rat.
AB  - The nerve allograft response in a rat model is presented. The Lewis rat (RTI1)
      served as the recipient animal while Fischer rats (RTI1) and ACI rats (RTIa)
      provided the donor nerve allografts. A Lewis/Lewis autograft group was used as
      the control group. Histological and electrophysiological measurements of nerve
      regeneration were assessed at five months. While good regeneration was noted in
      the autograft and matched allograft groups, regeneration across the unmatched
      allograft was poor. The degree of nerve regeneration (as measured with
      histological and electrophysiological values) correlated well with previous
      immunological studies and would support the use of this model for future
      investigation of the nerve allograft response in the rat.

PMID- 3873204
TI  - Laboratory evaluation of the adrenogenital syndrome.
AB  - The adrenogenital syndrome is a result of the deficiency of one of the enzymes
      involved in the pathway leading to the synthesis of cortisol by the adrenal
      cortex. Laboratory evaluation of the adrenogenital syndrome involves measurement
      of hormones and metabolites accumulated prior to the enzymic block as well as
      hormones whose synthesis is affected by deficiency of a specific enzyme.
      Laboratory measurements of hormone metabolites in urine, because of their
      nonspecificity, lack of sensitivity, and multiple assay steps resulting in poor
      yield, have been supplanted by specific and sensitive radioimmunoassays of
      steroid hormones in plasma. In the laboratory evaluation of the adrenogenital
      syndrome, problems involved in some of the immunoassays of selected hormones
      should be addressed. Variables owing to specimen collection, storage and
      handling, and the assay itself should be minimized and controlled.

PMID- 3873205
TI  - The polymorphism of the complement genes in HLA.
AB  - Genes coding for the complement proteins C2, C4A, C4B and factor B lie between
      HLA-D and HLA-B in HLA, the major histocompatibility complex in man. All the
      complement components are polymorphic, particularly C4, which has many alleles at
      each locus. The genetic complexity of C4 extends to the number of loci each of
      which may be deleted or duplicated on the chromosome. The different forms of C4
      showed markedly different reactivities with small molecules and on haemolytic
      activity in the complement system. Surprisingly, amino acid sequences of the
      several allelic forms of C4 appear to be very similar, with less than 1% of
      residue positions being changed between alleles of C4A and C4B. These results may
      be relevant to the increased susceptibility to autoimmune disease which is
      associated with particular haplotypes of the HLA complex.

PMID- 3873206
TI  - Methotrexate-leucovorin synchronization of human bone marrow cultures. Induction
      of high-resolution R- and G-banding.
AB  - Simple R- and G-banding techniques based on a methotrexate S-phase block,
      released by exposure to leucovorin, were used for preparation of human bone
      marrow samples. R-bands were induced by adding 5-bromodeoxyuridine and Hoechst
      33258 to the cultures, followed by a modified FPG-staining. G-bands were induced
      by adding ethidium bromide to the cultures, followed by a modified trypsin
      treatment of the slides. Due to Hoechst 33258 or ethidium bromide exposure prior
      to harvest chromosome contraction was partly inhibited and well-defined R- or G
      banding was observed after appropriate staining in elongated prometaphase
      chromosomes.

PMID- 3873207
TI  - Myasthenia gravis: reactivation of clinical disease and of autoimmune factors
      after discontinuation of long-term azathioprine.
AB  - In 15 patients with myasthenia gravis who were in stable clinical remission while
      receiving azathioprine, we monitored disease severity and serial autoantibody
      titers before and after discontinuation of azathioprine. Cellular
      immunoreactivity against tuberculin (PPD) and against Torpedo acetylcholine
      receptor (AChR) was measured serially in 11 patients. Eight of 15 patients (53%)
      had a clinical relapse after 3 to 11 months, necessitating the reinstitution of
      immunosuppressive treatment in 6 patients. Seven patients have remained
      clinically stable during an observation period of 20 to 40 months. Anti-AChR
      autoantibody titers correlated closely with the clinical course in the majority
      of patients, and rose markedly in 7 of the 8 patients who relapsed. Cellular
      stimulation indices correlated less closely with the clinical severity. Only in 3
      patients did the clinical score, antibody titer, and cellular stimulation index
      rise concurrently. In 4 patients who had high cellular stimulation indices after
      the discontinuation of azathioprine, it was possible to isolate AChR-reactive
      inducer/helper T lymphocytes.

PMID- 3873208
TI  - Eye movements in patients with absent voluntary horizontal gaze.
AB  - Despite the complete absence of horizontal saccades, two patients with pontine
      gliomas had horizontal reflex eye movements within a range of +/- 20 degrees. The
      gain (peak eye velocity/peak stimulus velocity) and phase of the vestibulo-ocular
      reflex were normal, but the optokinetic gain was decreased. The latency,
      accuracy, and peak velocity of vertical saccades were normal. Apparently the
      voluntary gaze centers in the pontine reticular formation are not crucial for
      generating horizontal vestibular or vertical saccadic eye movements.

PMID- 3873209
TI  - Positron emission tomography in the asphyxiated term newborn: parasagittal
      impairment of cerebral blood flow.
AB  - Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy secondary to perinatal asphyxia in the term
      newborn is the most common recognized cause of the subsequent motor deficits
      often grouped under the rubric "cerebral palsy." In order to provide insight into
      the basic nature and pathogenesis of the brain injury in such infants, we studied
      regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) by positron emission tomography (PET) in 17
      asphyxiated term infants during the acute period of illness. A consistent and
      apparently unifying abnormality was observed, namely, a relative decrease in CBF
      to parasagittal regions, generally symmetrical and more marked posteriorly than
      anteriorly. Thus, parasagittal values for CBF were generally 25 to 50% lower than
      those for the sylvian cortex; in the normal or near normal infant, parasagittal
      values are only approximately 10% lower than those for the sylvian cortex.
      (Additional normal findings for regional CBF were 50% higher flows to the
      cerebral cortex than to the cerebral white matter and flows to the basal ganglia
      and thalamus at least as high as those to the cerebral cortex). That the relative
      deficit in CBF to parasagittal regions reflects tissue injury was indicated by
      the close topographic correlation on technetium brain scans in 3 patients of
      increased tissue uptake of radionuclide and the CBF abnormality. Moreover, the
      single patient studied at postmortem examination exhibited parasagittal ischemic
      cerebral injury that correlated well with the PET abnormality of regional CBF.
      The topography of the PET abnormality, i.e., the cerebrovascular watershed
      regions, suggests that the brain injury is basically ischemic and that the
      pathogenesis relates to impaired cerebral perfusion, perhaps secondary to
      systemic hypotension occurring in association with the perinatal asphyxia.
      Experimental data support this formulation.

PMID- 3873210
TI  - Stimulus rate determines regional brain blood flow in striate cortex.
AB  - Intravenous bolus administration of oxygen 15-labeled water and positron emission
      tomography were used to measure changes in brain blood flow induced by two modes
      of photic stimuli over a wide range of repetition rates. These stimuli (patterned
      flash and reversing checkerboard) were chosen in order to determine whether
      stimulus luminance or stimulus frequency was responsible for previously observed
      increases in blood flow in the striate cortex during photic stimulation. The
      response curves of blood flow change as a function of stimulus rate were nearly
      identical for both stimuli. These results suggest that elementary stimulus
      variables, such as repetition rate, can have a major effect on local cerebral
      responses, as measured with positron emission tomography and other radiotracer
      methods.

PMID- 3873211
TI  - Leukemogenesis and differentiation.
AB  - The development of systems for the cloning and clonal differentiation of normal
      hematopoietic cells in culture made it possible to study the controls that
      regulate normal growth and differentiation and the changes in these controls in
      leukemia. Identification of the changes in normal controls that occur in leukemia
      reveals that the stopping of growth by inducing differentiation of malignant
      cells can by-pass genetic changes that produce the malignant phenotype. The
      induction of differentiation in leukemic cells can therefore be a useful approach
      to therapy.

PMID- 3873212
TI  - Perioperative prevention of infection in ophthalmic surgery.

PMID- 3873213
TI  - [Effect of polysaccharides isolated from marine invertebrates on various
      functions of T- and B lymphocytes].
AB  - The effect of bioglycans from sea invertebrate on the level of the rosette
      forming cells (RFC) in the spleen, development of the delayed type
      hypersensitivity (DTH) induced by sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and the levels of
      hemagglutinins and hemolysins in the blood serum was studied in experimental
      animals. It was shown that the polysaccharides administered parenterally in a
      single dose had an effect on the humoral and cellular immunity. Under the effect
      of these preparations the level of the RFC in the spleen of the mice increased,
      with the increase of the RFC belonging to the lymphocyte T2- and B-subpopulations
      being more intensive. The use of the polysaccharides increased the mean geometric
      titers of serum antibodies. The polysaccharides administered at different periods
      with respect to the immunization and antigen challenge either decreased or
      increased the DTH induced by SRBC.

PMID- 3873214
TI  - Use of a time-kill technique for susceptibility testing of Trichomonas vaginalis.
AB  - The emergence of metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis and questions
      about the safety of metronidazole are significant concerns in treatment of
      trichomoniasis. At 24 h, a microtiter assay was used to test antimicrobial
      susceptibility of 16 recent isolates; the MICs of metronidazole ranged from less
      than 0.06 to 25 micrograms/ml. Observable motility as an endpoint correlated
      imperfectly with survival as measured in pour plates. Quantitative pour plate
      cultures of six T. vaginalis isolates after timed exposures to antimicrobial
      drugs demonstrated exquisite sensitivity to metronidazole with minimal
      trichomonacidal concentrations of 0.025 to 0.100 micrograms/ml. Killing of some
      T. vaginalis isolates by clotrimazole and rosoxacin occurred only at
      concentrations of 100 micrograms/ml. Resistance to both rosoxacin and
      clotrimazole correlated with increasing resistance to metronidazole (P less than
      0.01).

PMID- 3873215
TI  - Role of beta-lactam hydrolysis in the mechanism of resistance of a beta-lactamase
      constitutive Enterobacter cloacae strain to expanded-spectrum beta-lactams.
AB  - Enterobacter cloacae strains producing chromosomally mediated beta-lactamase
      constitutively show high degrees of resistance to most of the third-generation
      beta-lactams. It has been proposed that this resistance is due to the
      nonhydrolytic binding or trapping of beta-lactams by the enzyme. We found that
      the outer membrane of E. cloacae strain 55M indeed had permeability to cefazolin
      about 14-fold lower than that of Escherichia coli, and that the number of beta
      lactamase molecules produced by this constitutive mutant was exceptionally large
      (2 X 10(5) per cell). These conditions are expected to produce a low degree of
      resistance, but could not explain the high resistance level of the mutant. We
      showed that the beta-lactamase of this strain hydrolyzed third-generation beta
      lactams at measurable rates. Although the V max for these compounds was less than
      0.01% of that for cefazolin, the enzyme could hydrolyze them at rates comparable
      to the rate for cefazolin when the substrate concentration was near 0.1 microM, a
      concentration thought to be physiologically relevant for the inhibition of cell
      growth, because of the exceptionally high affinity of the enzyme to many third
      generation compounds. Calculations based on kinetic parameters of the enzyme,
      outer membrane permeability, and affinity toward penicillin-binding proteins
      succeeded in predicting the MICs for several third-generation beta-lactams. The
      data suggest that hydrolysis may be more important than nonhydrolytic binding for
      the expression of the resistant phenotype, and that studies on the susceptibility
      of beta-lactams to beta-lactamases should be carried out at physiologically
      relevant, very low concentrations of the drug, rather than the customary very
      high concentrations, such as 100 microM.

PMID- 3873216
TI  - Comparative in vitro activities of twelve antimicrobial agents against
      Campylobacter species.
AB  - The in vitro susceptibility of 27 Campylobacter jejuni, 31 Campylobacter coli,
      and 30 Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus strains to 12 antimicrobial agents was
      determined. Ciprofloxacin, a new quinoline derivative, was the most active agent
      tested. Antimicrobial susceptibility differed among the three species tested.

PMID- 3873217
TI  - Activation of normal and abnormal human factor IX with trypsin.
AB  - Human factor IX is activated to factor IXa beta when factor XIa cleaves two
      peptide bonds, Arg 145-Ala 146 and Arg 180-Val 181, to release an activation
      peptide. In factor IX Chapel Hill (IXCH), isolated from a hemophilia B patient
      with a mild bleeding disorder, the arginine 145 residue has been replaced with a
      histidine. Thus factor IXCH is activated by factor XIa by cleaving only at the
      Arg 180-Val 181 bond, leaving the activation peptide attached, and resulting in
      an activated species, factor IXa alpha CH, that, like normal factor IXa alpha, is
      only 20% as active as factor IXa beta. It is reported that both factor IX and
      factor IXCH could be activated by trypsin to forms of factor IXa beta and factor
      IXa beta CH that had clotting activities identical to factor XIa-activated factor
      IX. Amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis showed that trypsin cleaved
      factor IX at the same bonds as did factor XIa; factor IXCH was cleaved at the Arg
      180-Val 181 bond, as normal, and was cleaved near the histidine 145, at the Lys
      142-Leu 143 bond, releasing a slightly larger activation peptide than from normal
      factor IXa beta. Metal ions had no effect on the rate of activation of factor IX
      by trypsin; however, metal ions had a profound effect on the rate at which
      further incubation with trypsin inactivated factor IXa. Calcium and manganese
      protected factor IXa from inactivation by trypsin more effectively than
      magnesium, which was more effective than no metal ion. It is concluded that
      trypsin can activate normal factor IX and factor IXCH to fully active IXa beta
      forms.

PMID- 3873218
TI  - Ascites, gastrointestinal bleeding, and leg nodules.

PMID- 3873219
TI  - Ulcerating papulosquamous eruption and constipation in a 75-year-old man.

PMID- 3873220
TI  - Effects of low-level lead and arsenic exposure on copper smelter workers.
AB  - An analysis of reported symptoms and their relationship with indicators of lead
      absorption--blood lead (Pb-B) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP)--and of arsenic
      absorption--urinary arsenic (As-U)--was undertaken among 680 active copper
      smelter workers. Lead and arsenic absorption in the copper smelter employees were
      characterized by the median values of 30.4 micrograms/dl for Pb-B, 41.5
      micrograms/dl for ZPP, and 26 micrograms/L for As-U. Blood lead was 40
      micrograms/dl or higher in 16.7% of cases, ZPP was 50 micrograms/dl or higher in
      31.2%, and urinary arsenic was 50 micrograms/L or higher in 16.4% of currently
      active copper smelter workers. The number of reported symptoms (from a total of
      14 symptoms) increased with ZPP levels; the relationship with Pb-B was less
      marked. Arsenic contributed relatively little. Mean Pb-B, ZPP, and As-U levels
      for subjects reporting each of the 14 symptoms were compared with those of
      subjects who did not report the symptoms. Mean Pb-B was found to differ
      significantly for one symptom, fatigue. Significant differences in mean ZPP
      levels were found for fatigue, sleep disturbances, weakness, paresthesia, and
      joint pain. Prevalence rates for these symptoms rose more markedly with
      increasing ZPP than with Pb-B levels. The results indicate a relationship between
      certain CNS and musculo-skeletal symptoms and increased lead absorption in this
      population. Adherence to exposure standards that preclude undue lead absorption
      and appropriate biological monitoring including ZPP levels, are necessary to
      prevent adverse, especially long-term, health effects.

PMID- 3873221
TI  - Experience with 1000 colonoscopic polypectomies.
AB  - Experience with 1000 consecutive polypectomies in 591 patients, from December
      1975 to October 1982, is reviewed. There were 633 adenomas, 292 hyperplastic, and
      75 miscellaneous polyps. While eight minor bleeding episodes (0.8%) occurred,
      there were no major complications (perforations or bleeding requiring
      transfusion). The polyp retrieval rate was 97.9%. Of the 633 adenomas, seven
      (1.1%) had in situ carcinoma and ten (1.6%) invasive. Eight of the invasive group
      underwent colon resection with no positive nodes present. Anatomic location
      demonstrated a shift to the right side of the colon. Three hundred thirty-six
      (53.1%) were in the rectosigmoid; 134 (21.3%) were in the left colon; 79 (12.3%)
      were in the transverse colon; and 84 (13.3%) were in the right colon and cecum.
      Patients who have undergone benign polypectomy are colonoscoped again in 1 year,
      and, if negative, every 3 years thereafter. Postpolypectomy patients with
      malignant adenomas require closer observation. Endoscopic polypectomy, with its
      lower morbidity and mortality, has revolutionized the treatment of the colon
      polyp. It is also more cost-effective, with outpatient polypectomy being 29 times
      less expensive and inpatient polypectomy four times less expensive than
      transabdominal polypectomy.

PMID- 3873222
TI  - Mortality, morbidity, and cost-accounting related to coronary artery bypass graft
      surgery in the elderly.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to document early mortality, perioperative
      complication rate, duration of hospitalization, and costs related to coronary
      artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in the elderly. Arbitrarily, elderly patients
      were defined by age greater than or equal to 65 years; younger patients were less
      than or equal to 60 years old. A detailed list of specific perioperative
      complications was analyzed. Early (30-day) mortality was similar between groups,
      while 120-day mortality was higher among elderly compared with younger patients
      (7.6% versus 1.3%; p = 0.05). The number of elderly patients with 1 or more
      complications was also higher than among the younger patients (62% versus 43%; p
      = 0.05). When the incidences of atrial arrhythmias and transient psychoses were
      considered minor complications and excluded from consideration, the incidence of
      major complications was higher in the elderly: 41 major events among 76 younger
      surviving patients compared with 89 major complications in 61 older surviving
      patients (p = 0.001). Time spent in the intensive care unit and the duration of
      postoperative hospitalization were also greater in the elderly (p = 0.01 and p =
      0.001, respectively). Finally, the elderly group incurred greater costs than the
      younger patients (p = 0.03). The likelihood of increased perioperative morbidity
      in elderly patients is documented in this study. Also, it appears that the
      increased frequency of complications in elderly patients is associated with a
      longer hospital stay and greater financial expense. Consequently, the careful
      preoperative evaluation of these patients, including cautious patient selection,
      assumes greater importance. After CABG procedures, the highly symptomatic elderly
      patient may experience dramatic relief of symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3873223
TI  - Reversible total esophageal exclusion.
AB  - A 23-year-old man with miliary tuberculosis had severe esophageal hemorrhage
      secondary to eroding tuberculous nodes. Balloon tamponade and packing with gauze
      did not alter the profuse bleeding. Empyema of the right thorax, massive
      mediastinal nodes, an unknown site of bleeding in the esophagus, and diffuse
      pulmonary involvement with tuberculosis precluded a thoracotomy. Because of
      widespread peritoneal tuberculosis, permanent esophageal exclusion by ligation
      was rejected as bowel interposition would have been extremely difficult at a
      later time. Reversible total esophageal exclusion was successfully utilized.

PMID- 3873224
TI  - Coronary artery bypass in patients with total laryngectomy.
AB  - Patients who have undergone laryngectomy pose a challenge when they require
      coronary artery bypass grafting. The location of the tracheal stoma just above
      the jugular notch may interfere with the sternotomy, increase the risk of
      infection, and add some difficulty to the operative procedure. We describe the
      surgical technique used in 2 such patients.

PMID- 3873225
TI  - A simple technique for multigraft cardioplegic infusion during coronary artery
      bypass.
AB  - The use of a Silastic four-armed cardioplegic infusion device during coronary
      artery bypass grafting, which has facilitated multidose cardioplegic infusion
      through the aorta and vein grafts, is described. The device also permits
      transaortic needle sump suction for decompression of the left ventricle. This
      device has been used effectively in more than 250 patients.

PMID- 3873226
TI  - Initial proximal versus distal anastomoses.

PMID- 3873227
TI  - Seronegative spondyloarthropathies in lone aortic insufficiency.
AB  - We evaluated 100 consecutive cases of lone aortic insufficiency (AI) for the
      prevalence of seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Four patients were found to
      have ankylosing spondylitis and three had Reiter's syndrome. Six of these seven
      patients had cardiac conduction abnormalities, four of which required permanent
      pacemaker insertion. All seven were found to have the HLA-B27 antigen, whereas of
      89 patients tested with no evidence of spondylitis only five had the antigen. The
      seronegative spondyloarthropathies apparently are associated frequently with lone
      AI. The morbidity and mortality of these patients increases when they develop
      cardiovascular abnormalities including AI and heart block, which may dominate the
      clinical picture. The HLA-B27 antigen is not specifically associated with lone AI
      in the absence of spondylitis.

PMID- 3873228
TI  - Cefoxitin resistance in community-acquired gram-negative bacillary bacteremia.
      Associated clinical risk factors.
AB  - Among 185 patients with nonneutropenic, community-acquired gram-negative
      bacillary bacteremias, clinical risk factors for cefoxitin resistance included
      any antibiotic taken within the last three weeks (25.6% cefoxitin resistance),
      long-term bladder catheterization or surgical urinary diversion (23.3%),
      hospitalization within the last 30 days (22.9%), and nursing home residence
      before admission (20.8%). Patients with none of these risk factors were less
      likely to have cefoxitin-resistant bacteremias (0.9%). When these risk factors
      were examined in the subgroups of urinary tract and non-urinary tract sources of
      community-acquired gram-negative bacillary bacteremia, they were also helpful in
      predicting sensitivity to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and gentamicin. The
      presence of one or more of the risk factors identified may be a useful adjunct in
      determining initial empiric antimicrobial therapy for community-acquired gram
      negative bacillary bacteremia.

PMID- 3873229
TI  - The treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome.
AB  - Forty-four episodes of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) occurred in 36 of 70
      patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Thirty-four patients with
      40 episodes of PCP were treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Therapy was
      successful in 18 episodes (45%), but was unsuccessful in 15 episodes (37.5%). In
      the latter cases, two patients died within 72 hours; 13, of whom nine died, had
      therapy changed to pentamidine. In seven additional episodes (17.5%),
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was changed to pentamidine due to adverse
      reactions; all patients survived. Seven patients (26% of survivors) developed
      recurrent PCP. Twenty-two patients (65%) developed adverse reactions to
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, including leukopenia (20), hepatotoxicity (12),
      fever (eight), rash (six), and immediate reactions (two). Reactions were most
      common during the second week of therapy. Patients with the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome who have PCP have a high trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
      failure rate, due either to adverse reactions or unresponsive infection. Late
      recurrence is common.

PMID- 3873230
TI  - Persistent chest pain one year after cardiac surgery.

PMID- 3873231
TI  - Hemangioma in a lymph node.
AB  - Hemangiomas occurring in lymph nodes are extremely rare and, to our knowledge,
      have been documented in the literature only once previously. We report an
      additional case that was found incidentally in a patient who had undergone a
      right hemicolectomy and small-bowel resection for widespread angiodysplasia. In
      addition, the patient also had a third type of vascular lesion, namely, a
      hemangiopericytoma of the oral mucosa. We also reviewed the literature regarding
      vasoformative lesions occurring in lymph nodes.

PMID- 3873232
TI  - [Severe combined immunodeficiency disease. II. Heterogeneity of B cell defects
      observed in patients with "SCID having B cells"].

PMID- 3873233
TI  - [Pulmonary pneumocystosis in an adult patient].
AB  - A 34-year-old male with no diseases in the past developed, after a 7-day
      alcoholic abuse, an acute pancreatitis and ulcerative necrotic colitis. At the
      autopsy, apart from the underlying disease, the pulmonary pneumocystosis was
      found which is considered by the authors as a complication of a severe pathology
      of the alimentary tract organs followed by immune system dysfunction.

PMID- 3873234
TI  - Peptidoglycan from the potentially pathogenic oral bacterium Actinomyces viscosus
      is a B-cell mitogen.
AB  - Cell walls and peptidoglycan from Actinomyces viscosus, strain M-100 were
      compared for their ability to act as mitogens with spleen cells from germ-free
      Fischer rats. The cell walls were prepared from trypticase soy broth grown whole
      cells using a French press, followed by two consecutive washes with 0.1 M tris
      HCl buffer, pH 8.0, 1 M NaCl and distilled water. Peptidoglycan was prepared from
      cell walls by three consecutive formamide extractions at 165 degrees C. On a dry
      weight basis, the peptidoglycan was a significantly-better mitogen than cell
      walls, suggesting that the peptidoglycan is the major mitogenic component of A.
      viscosus cell walls. Mononuclear spleen cells were separated on a Nylon-wool
      column into a non-adherent subpopulation enriched for T lymphocytes and a weakly
      adherent, plunger-removable subpopulation enriched for B lymphocytes. The non
      adherent T-cell subpopulation responded strongly to the T-cell mitogen PHA, but
      was unresponsive to both the peptidoglycan and cell walls from A. viscosus. In
      contrast, the weakly-adherent enriched B-cell subpopulation was less responsive
      to PHA, but was strongly stimulated by A. viscosus peptidoglycan and cell walls.
      These results indicate that peptidoglycan and cell walls from A. viscosus are B
      cell mitogens.

PMID- 3873235
TI  - Posterior capsular-zonular disruption in planned extracapsular surgery.
AB  - The incidence of inadvertent posterior capsule-zonular disruption at each stage
      of planned extracapsular cataract extraction was studied in a consecutive series
      of 250 cases. Disruption occurred during nucleus expression in 0.8%, during
      cortical cleanup in 3.2%, during removal of anterior capsular flaps in 0.4%,
      during polishing of the posterior capsule in 0.4%, and during posterior chamber
      lens (Sinskey-style) implantation in 0%. No cases of subluxation of the posterior
      chamber lens were observed (mean follow-up, 22 months). The overall incidence of
      posterior capsule-zonular disruption was 4.8%. Vitreous loss occurred in one half
      of these cases (2.4% of eyes). No cases of dislocation of the nucleus into the
      vitreous occurred. In 50% of the cases of posterior capsule-zonular disruption
      (2.4% of eyes), prompt recognition and proper management avoided disruption of
      the vitreous face. In 80% of these cases with posterior capsule-zonular
      disruption but intact vitreous face, it was possible to remove sufficient cortex
      and to proceed with uncomplicated posterior chamber lens implantation.

PMID- 3873236
TI  - Lymphocyte subpopulations in Graves' ophthalmopathy.
AB  - We assessed the percentages of T-lymphocyte subsets, B lymphocytes, monocytes,
      and granulocytes in the mononuclear cell preparations of euthyroid patients with
      minimal and severe Graves' ophthalmopathy. Patients with active Werner class 4-5
      and class 6 ophthalmopathy had statistically significant elevations of
      suppressor/cytotoxic T8+ lymphocytes. During successful corticosteroid therapy,
      the number of T8+ lymphocytes returned to the normal range. Mirroring these
      results, the T4/T8 ratio was initially depressed in patients with class 4-5
      ophthalmopathy and increased during therapy. Our previous observations noted a
      decreased number of rosette-forming T lymphocytes in patients with severe
      ophthalmopathy. In this study, however, there were normal percentages of T3+ and
      T11+ lymphocytes, suggesting that the T lymphocytes are present in peripheral
      blood but they cannot form rosettes. There was a slight reduction of the
      percentage of the T11+ (erythrocyte receptor) lymphocytes in the patients with
      class 4-5 ophthalmopathy; however, it was not statistically significant. No
      significant differences were evident in any of the other T-lymphocyte subsets, B
      lymphocytes, monocytes, or granulocytes studied. We conclude that Graves'
      ophthalmopathy is characterized by a surface membrane defect associated with
      increased percentages of suppressor/cytotoxic T8+ lymphocytes. Successful
      corticosteroid therapy reverses these findings.

PMID- 3873237
TI  - Misincorporation of deoxyuridine in human cells: consequences of antifolate
      exposure.
AB  - Treatment of B and T lymphoblastoid cell lines (SB and MOLT-4, respectively) and
      a promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60) with the lipid soluble antifolate, 2,4
      diamino-5-methyl-6-(2',5'-dimeth-oxybenzyl) -pyrido (2,4-d) pyrimidine (BW301U),
      led to drug dose-dependent inhibition of [3H]deoxyuridine (dU) incorporation into
      DNA as thymidine, and to misincorporation of [3H]dU as dUMP. After a 15 min
      preincubation with up to 50 microM BW301U and a further 15 min incubation after
      addition of [3H]dU, the number of alkaline labile apyrimidinic sites increased
      with increasing drug dose, as demonstrated by alkaline sucrose gradient analysis.
      Significantly, new replication of DNA was inhibited only approximately 50% by 50
      microM BW301U when [3H]dU incorporation was greater than or equal to 97%
      inhibited. Additional preliminary findings suggest that newly replicated DNA
      containing misincorporated dUMP is rapidly degraded in vivo by extensive excision
      repair processes.

PMID- 3873239
TI  - Detection of human autoantibodies specific for 5'-m7GMP and m7G(5')ppp(5')N.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was utilized for the detection of
      spontaneously occurring antibodies with apparent specificities for m7G, 5'-m7GMP,
      and m7G(5')ppp(5')C. From the sera of 50 patients containing anti-nuclear
      antibodies, 48 (96%) possessed antibodies which bound to one or more immobilized
      nucleoside-BSA antigens (A-, G-, C-, U-, and T-BSA). Additionally, 8 (16%) of
      these sera contained immunoglobulins that reacted with m7G-BSA antigen. In these
      latter sera, soluble competitors such as m7G, 5'm7GMP, and m7G(5')ppp(5')C (but
      not 5'-AMP, -GMP, -CMP, -UMP, and -TMP or m1G and m22G) effectively inhibited
      antibody-binding to immobilized m7G-BSA. These results indicate the existence of
      spontaneously occurring anti-m7G antibodies in autoimmune diseases which are
      distinct from anti-G antibody populations.

PMID- 3873238
TI  - Stimulation of inositol trisphosphate formation in hepatocytes by vasopressin,
      adrenaline and angiotensin II and its relationship to changes in cytosolic free
      Ca2+.
AB  - At maximally effective concentrations, vasopressin (10(-7) M) increased myo
      inositol trisphosphate (IP3) in isolated rat hepatocytes by 100% at 3 s and 150%
      at 6 s, while adrenaline (epinephrine) (10(-5) M) produced a 17% increase at 3 s
      and a 30% increase at 6 s. These increases were maintained for at least 10 min.
      Both agents increased cytosolic free Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i) maximally by 5 s. Increases
      in IP3 were also observed with angiotensin II and ATP, but not with glucagon or
      platelet-activating factor. The dose-responses of vasopressin and adrenaline on
      phosphorylase and [Ca2+]i showed a close correspondence, whereas IP3 accumulation
      was 20-30-fold less sensitive. However, significant (20%) increases in IP3 could
      be observed with 10(-9) M-vasopressin and 10(-7) M-adrenaline, which induce near
      maximal phosphorylase activation. Vasopressin-induced accumulation of IP3 was
      potentiated by 10mM-Li+, after a lag of approx. 1 min. However the rise in
      [Ca2+]i and phosphorylase activation were not potentiated at any time examined.
      Similar data were obtained with adrenaline as agonist. Lowering the extracellular
      Ca2+ to 30 microM or 250 microM did not affect the initial rise in [Ca2+]i with
      vasopressin but resulted in a rapid decline in [Ca2+]i. Brief chelation of
      extracellular Ca2+ for times up to 4 min also did not impair the rate or
      magnitude of the increase in [Ca2+]i or phosphorylase a induced by vasopressin.
      The following conclusions are drawn from these studies. IP3 is increased in rat
      hepatocytes by vasopressin, adrenaline, angiotensin II and ATP. The temporal
      relationships of its accumulation to the increases in [Ca2+]i and phosphorylase a
      are consistent with it playing a second message role. Influx of extracellular
      Ca2+ is not required for the initial rise in [Ca2+]i induced by these agonists,
      but is required for the maintenance of the elevated [Ca2+]i.

PMID- 3873240
TI  - Effect of Fe2+ -induced lipid peroxidation upon microsomal steroidogenic enzyme
      activities of porcine adrenal cortex.
AB  - When porcine adrenocortical microsomes were treated with Fe2+, enhanced
      production of malondialdehyde was observed as a result of membrane lipid
      peroxidation. By treatment of the microsomes with Fe2+, the activity of delta 5-3
      beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase coupled with delta 5-delta 4 isomerase,
      concentration of cytochrome P-450 and the activity of the cytochrome-involving
      enzyme systems such as 17 alpha- and 21-hydroxylases were significantly reduced.
      17 alpha-Hydroxylase activity was more effectively decreased by Fe2+ than that of
      21-hydroxylase. On the other hand, activity of NADH- and NADPH-cytochrome c
      reductases remained unchanged or somewhat increased. Both the induction of lipid
      peroxidation and the decrease of the enzyme activities were prevented by alpha
      tocopherol and N,N' -diphenyl-rho-phenylenediamine.

PMID- 3873241
TI  - Demonstration and characterization of cytosol androgen receptor in rat exorbital
      lacrimal gland.
AB  - The presence of a macromolecule which binds androgen with a high affinity and a
      low capacity was demonstrated in the cytosol of the lacrimal glands of male and
      female rats. Evidence was found that this macromolecule was a protein by
      treatment with protease, trypsin or heat. A specific 8-8.5 S peak was obtained in
      both sexes by glycerol gradient centrifugation in low salt condition, whereas a
      specific 5.2 S peak was found in high salt condition. This protein could bind to
      DNA-cellulose after treatment of androgen-cytosol complexes by warming (25
      degrees C 15 min) or exposure under high salt (0.4 M KCl). These results
      suggested that this protein was an androgen receptor.

PMID- 3873242
TI  - Differences in the duration of the enhancement of liver mixed-function oxidase
      activities in ethanol-fed rats after withdrawal.
AB  - Liver microsomal mixed-function oxidase activities were determined in female
      Sprague-Dawley rats after 3 weeks of ethanol feeding and for up to 10 days after
      withdrawal. Ethanol (36% of total calories) was administered in a high fat liquid
      diet and was replaced isocalorically by carbohydrates in controls. Chronic
      ethanol feeding similarly enhanced both microsomal cytochrome P-450 content and
      benzphetamine N-demethylase activity, per mg of protein, and resulted in a
      disproportionate increase in both aniline hydroxylase and 7-ethoxycoumarin O
      deethylase activities. A 6- to 7-day withdrawal period was apparently necessary
      for the overall disappearance of these effects of ethanol. Marked differences,
      however, were seen in the time courses of return of these variables to control
      levels, as also indicated by changes, during this period and specially during the
      first 24 hr after withdrawal, in the apparent molar activity of the microsomal
      fraction with the three substrates tested. The results were interpreted as
      indicating that the distinct ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 isozyme, with a
      high specific activity toward aniline, undergoes a very rapid turnover in liver
      microsomes. Induction of another form of cytochrome P-450, differing from the
      former by its slower turnover rate, would explain the induction by ethanol of 7
      ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity. The withdrawal of ethanol was followed by a
      rapid but transient increase in benzphetamine N-demethylase activity above the
      ethanol-induced level, at a time when other activities were rapidly declining.
      This could suggest that the microsomal content of other cytochrome P-450
      isozyme(s), with high specific activity toward this substrate, would also be
      temporarily altered during ethanol withdrawal. Important alterations in
      microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed-function oxidase activities occurred
      during the initial 24-hr period of withdrawal, even in the absence of a change in
      microsomal cytochrome P-450 content, indicating that the effects of chronic
      ethanol ingestion on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities may also be
      highly dependent on the proximity of ethanol intake.

PMID- 3873243
TI  - Anti-ulcer effect of 3-[p-(trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexylcarbonyl) phenyl]
      propionic acid hydrochloride (TEI-5103).
AB  - The anti-ulcer effects of the newly synthesized compound 3-[p-(trans-4
      aminomethylcyclohexylcarbonyl)-phenyl]propionic acid hydrochloride (TEI-5103) on
      experimentally induced ulcers in rats were studied. TEI-5103 at doses of 25 to
      400 mg/kg p.o. prevented formation of ulcers induced by serotonin, indomethacin,
      acetylsalicylic acid or stress (acute ulcer models), its effect being greater
      against gastric ulcers induced by serotonin. On acetic acid ulcer (chronic ulcer
      model), TEI-5103 at a daily dose of 200 mg/kg p.o. accelerated the healing of
      ulcers. TEI-5103 at doses of 100 to 400 mg/kg i.d. did not inhibit gastric acid
      secretion in pylorus-ligated rats. It markedly increased gastric blood flow in
      anesthetized rats (at 10-20 mg/kg i.v., measured by the aminopyrine clearance
      method), and also increased gastric blood flow in anesthetized dogs (at 2.5-10
      mg/kg i.v., measured by the cross thermocouple method). These results indicate
      that TEI-5103 is effective as an anti-ulcer agent increasing gastric mucosal
      blood flow and possibly promoting the healing process of peptic ulcers.

PMID- 3873244
TI  - [The effect of cefaclor, doxycycline and other oral antibiotics on phagocytosis
      of polymorphonuclear granulocytes and PHA-induced stimulation of blood
      lymphocytes in man].
AB  - The influence of the orally applicable antibacterial agents, cefaclor (Panoral),
      doxycycline, erythromycin, and cotrimoxazole on phagocytosis by human neutrophil
      granulocytes was investigated. Further, the influence of cefaclor, erythromycin,
      and doxycycline on PHA stimulation of human blood lymphocytes was studied.
      Doxycycline (1 mg/ml) had strongly suppressive effects on phagocytosis, whereas
      cefaclor (1 mg/ml cotrimoxazole (0.1 mg/ml), and erythromycin (0.1 mg/ml) did not
      suppress phagocytosis. PHA-induced lymphocyte stimulation was strongly inhibited
      by doxycycline (10 micrograms/ml), whereas cefaclor (10 micrograms/ml) did not
      suppress at all. Erythromycin (10 micrograms/ml) exerted some inhibition (average
      12.6%). These results are discussed with respect to immunoneutrality of
      antibacterial agents.

PMID- 3873245
TI  - Temperature response to antipyretic therapy in children: relationship to occult
      bacteremia.
AB  - The response of rectal temperature to antipyretic therapy was studied in an
      attempt to identify a clinical characteristic that would distinguish children
      with occult bacteremia from those with sterile cultures of blood. Children 3-24
      months of age with initial temperature recordings of 38.9 degrees C or greater
      had a blood culture drawn and received a standard dose (10mg/kg) of either
      aspirin or acetaminophen. Temperature was again recorded 60-120 minutes later.
      During the period of investigation, 255 patients were studied; 16 had bacteremia,
      and 239 had sterile blood cultures. There was no difference in the response to
      antipyretic therapy between the two groups. The mean decrease in temperature for
      each was similar (1.3 versus 1.05 degrees C, P = 0.14). The authors conclude that
      response to antipyretic therapy does not distinguish children who are bacteremic
      from those who are not.

PMID- 3873246
TI  - The community-based strategy to prevent coronary heart disease: conclusions from
      the ten years of the North Karelia project.

PMID- 3873247
TI  - Fatal and nonfatal injuries in occupational settings: a review.

PMID- 3873248
TI  - Epidemiology of the sexually transmitted diseases.
AB  - We stand on the threshold of a new era for the STDs. The traditional STDs remain
      serious public health problems, particularly in the developing world, but they
      pale by comparison with AIDS. We can expect that the number of most STDs will
      decrease as the "baby boom" generation ages. We may also witness a change in
      sexual behavior caused in part by the fear of contracting AIDS, genital herpes,
      and perhaps other STDs. The challenge for the future is to improve control of
      chlamydial and gonococcal infections to prevent late sequellae such as
      infertility and ectopic pregnancy; to give greater attention to behavior
      modification to prevent transmission of AIDS, HSV, and HPV; to improve control of
      STDs in developing countries; to develop vaccines for the viral STDs, which are
      most difficult to cure; and to develop a better understanding of the mechanisms
      by which STD agents interact with each other and their host to cause cancer.

PMID- 3873249
TI  - Matrix protein profiles in calf bone development.
AB  - The major noncollagenous proteins (NCP) of the mineralized extracellular matrix
      of bovine bone were present from early fetal life through adulthood. The alpha 2
      HS-glycoprotein was the dominant bone NCP at 2 months in utero and then
      diminished with advancing fetal age. Osteocalcin levels were quite low in early
      fetal bone, became elevated near term, reached a maximum shortly after birth, and
      dropped again in adult bone. Osteonectin levels were relatively constant at all
      stages of bone development, but somewhat lower values were seen in woven bone
      than in lamellar bone matrix. For a given fetus, NCP profiles were identical in
      both flat and long bones. The 24,000 dalton phosphoprotein was significantly
      elevated in fetal secondary spongiosa, bony areas known to be undergoing
      extensive resorption. Adult bone matrix contained greater quantities of lower and
      intermediate molecular weight NCPs compared to actively forming fetal bone.

PMID- 3873250
TI  - Determinants of bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein in plasma of
      healthy aging subjects.
AB  - The gamma-carboxy glutamic acid (Gla)-containing protein of mammalian bone (BGP,
      also called osteocalcin) is a 49 amino acid polypeptide containing two to three
      residues of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. BGP is synthesized by osteoblastlike
      cells, and plasma BGP in laboratory animals is derived principally from recently
      synthesized BGP. These data, taken together with observations that plasma BGP
      levels are elevated in patients with disorders of high bone turnover, suggest
      that plasma BGP is a marker of osteoblast activity. Since low bone formation
      rates may play an important role in the loss of bone mass with age, we have
      examined the determinants of plasma BGP levels in aging subjects, using a region
      specific radioimmunoassay for human BGP based on the synthetic C-terminal peptide
      hBGP37-49. In 147 carefully screened healthy subjects, aged 23-91, BGP did not
      change with age, whereas alkaline phosphatase (AP) showed a significant positive
      correlation (r = 0.30, P less than 0.001). Creatinine clearance (GFR) declined by
      0.9 ml/min/yr and correlated with both BGP (r = -0.21, P less than 0.001) and AP
      (r = -0.21, P less than 0.001). However, correlation of AP with age persisted
      after controlling for GFR. BGP was not correlated with serum PTH, urine Ca/GFR,
      or urine cAMP/GFR. In 48 patients with known parenchymal renal disease studied
      for comparison, plasma BGP was increased at a serum creatinine of greater than or
      equal to 1.8 mg/dl. Our results indicate that plasma BGP, a specific marker of
      bone metabolism, is not predictably related to age per se. This result is in
      contrast to the age-related rise in total AP. Subtle changes in renal function
      can affect plasma BGP levels.

PMID- 3873251
TI  - Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and PI typing in patients with chronic urticaria.
AB  - A group of 281 patients with chronic urticaria was classified into various
      subtypes and compared with 357 healthy controls for PI types of alpha1
      antitrypsin. Total alpha 1-antitrypsin was measured by the Mancini technique, and
      PI types were determined by isoelectric focusing. The MZ phenotype and the Z gene
      frequency were significantly more frequent in the urticaria group. The Z gene
      predominated in the groups with cold urticaria and acquired angio-oedema. The
      total group of chronic urticaria patients showed a significant decrease in total
      alpha 1-antitrypsin compared with the control group (P less than 0.03).
      Deficiencies in alpha 1-antitrypsin may predispose to the development of certain
      types of urticaria and angio-oedema.

PMID- 3873252
TI  - Xenon arc photocoagulation for treatment of subluxation of lens.
AB  - In the treatment of congenital or acquired subluxation of the lens a conservative
      approach to reposition the pupil in front of the aphakic area by the use of the
      xenon arc photocoagulator is emphasised. The management of two cases of
      subluxation is discussed in detail and the results evaluated. The ease of
      repositioning the pupil by means of iris photocoagulation and the absence of
      surgical complications are indications for the use of this non-invasive procedure
      in the treatment of subluxated lenses.

PMID- 3873253
TI  - A clinical, psychophysical, and electroretinographic survey of patients with
      autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa.
AB  - We have surveyed 104 patients (44 families) with autosomal dominant retinitis
      pigmentosa. The range of the survey includes clinical history, ocular
      examination, documentation of genetic history, Goldmann kinetic perimetry with
      IV/4 and I/4 white targets, two-colour static perimetry, and scotopic and
      photopic electroretinography. Comparison of interfamilial and intrafamilial
      patterns in the static perimetry data strongly suggests there may be at least two
      genetic subgroups within the disease characterised by the pattern of loss of rod
      function: in subgroup D (13 patients, 4 families) this is diffuse and severe,
      while in subgroup R (28 patients, 13 families) it is regional. In both D and R
      loss of cone function is regional, and in R it coincides with loss of rod
      function. In D patients the rod electroretinogram is absent; in all but two R
      cases it is present and usually substantial. All D patients were aware of night
      blindness before the age of 10, but most R patients not until after the age of
      20. Many of the patients could not be classified because their disease was so
      advanced. The effect of disease duration on visual acuity and visual field area
      is described for all patients.

PMID- 3873254
TI  - Spontaneous epimerization of (S)-deoxycoformycin and interaction of (R)
      deoxycoformycin, (S)-deoxycoformycin, and 8-ketodeoxycoformycin with adenosine
      deaminase.
AB  - (R)-Deoxycoformycin (pentostatin), (S)-deoxycoformycin, and 8-ketodeoxycoformycin
      were compared as inhibitors of calf intestine adenosine deaminase. In contrast to
      (R)-deoxycoformycin, which had been demonstrated as a tight-binding inhibitor
      with a dissociation constant of 2.5 X 10(-12) M [Agarwal, R. P., Spector, T., &
      Parks, R. E., Jr. (1977) Biochem. Pharmacol. 26, 359-367], (S)-deoxycoformycin
      and 8-ketodeoxycoformycin are slope-linear competitive inhibitors with respect to
      adenosine. The kinetic constants are 33 microM for inhibition by (S)
      deoxycoformycin, 43 microM for 8-ketodeoxycoformycin, and 16 microM for the Km
      for adenosine. The stereochemistry of carbon 8 of the diazepine ring therefore
      causes a (1.3 X 10(7]-fold change in the affinity for the enzyme which is
      specific for the R configuration. This difference is attributed to an induced
      conformational change which cannot be initiated by the S isomer or the 8-keto
      analogue of (R)-deoxycoformycin. The studies were complicated by the need to
      remove traces of tight-binding inhibitor(s) from (S)-deoxycoformycin, since as
      little as 0.001% of the R isomer causes significant inhibition. The R and S
      isomers of deoxycoformycin are unstable in neutral or mildly acidic aqueous
      solutions. Isomerization of the secondary hydroxyl at carbon 8 of the diazepine
      ring is one of the reactions, resulting in S to R and R to S conversions for
      deoxycoformycins. Opening of the aglycon is also a major reaction. The tight
      binding inhibitor generated from (S)-deoxycoformycin was identified as (R)
      deoxycoformycin by high-pressure liquid chromatography, spectroscopy, circular
      dichroism, and chemical criteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3873255
TI  - Mechanism of inhibition of the PC1 beta-lactamase of Staphylococcus aureus by
      cephalosporins: importance of the 3'-leaving group.
AB  - The hydrolysis of cephalosporins containing good leaving groups at the 3'
      position [those used in this study were the chromogenic cephalosporin PADAC
      [pyridine-2-azo-4'-(N',N'-dimethylaniline) substituted on cephalosporin],
      cephaloridine, and cephalothin], catalyzed by the Staphylococcus aureus PC1 beta
      lactamase, proceeds in two spectrophotometrically observable phases. The first
      involves formation of an acyl-enzyme intermediate while the second involves
      partitioning of this intermediate between two pathways. One path yields the
      normal cephalosporoate (3) from which the 3'-leaving group is spontaneously
      eliminated in solution to give the 3-methylenedihydrothiazine 2, while the second
      involves initial elimination of the 3' substituent, thus yielding a second acyl
      enzyme intermediate, which then hydrolyzes to give the same final product as from
      the first pathway. The second acyl-enzyme is relatively inert to hydrolysis (t1/2
      congruent to 10 min at 20 degrees C), and its formation thus leads to transient
      inhibition of the enzyme. The partition ratio between hydrolysis and elimination
      at the enzyme active site could be determined either spectrophotometrically from
      burst experiments or from measurements of residual beta-lactamase activity as a
      function of cephalosporin concentration. This ratio varied with the leaving group
      ability of the 3' substituent (acetoxy greater than N,N-dimethylaniline-4-azo-2'
      pyridinium greater than pyridinium) in the anticipated fashion. The inert acyl
      enzyme intermediate was isolated by exclusion chromatography and shown to contain
      the cephem nucleus, but not the 3' substituent, covalently bound to the enzyme.
      As would be expected, PADAC, cephaloridine, and cephalothin yielded the same
      inert intermediate. Cephalosporins with poor or no 3'-leaving groups, e.g.,
      dansylcephalothin and desacetoxycephalothin, neither displayed the branched
      pathway nor yielded the long-lived acyl-enzyme.

PMID- 3873256
TI  - Properties of a tyrosine protein kinase from calf thymus. Response to ionic
      strength and divalent cations.
AB  - A tyrosine protein kinase activity has been partially purified from calf thymus
      using the phosphorylation of the tyrosine-containing peptide angiotensin I as an
      assay. Detergent extracts of calf thymus possessed only low levels of specific
      peptide phosphorylating activity when assayed at low ionic strength. The
      inclusion of NaCl at a concentration of 2 M stimulated endogenous tyrosine
      protein kinase activity, while the activity of other endogenous kinases was
      inhibited. This sensitivity to NaCl was retained following partial purification
      of the enzyme. The phosphorylation of other substrates such as casein or the R-R
      SRC peptide (Arg-Arg-Leu-Ile-Glu-Asp-Ala-Glu-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Arg-Gly) by the tyrosine
      protein kinase was less sensitive to NaCl. Phosphorylation of the PK-1 peptide
      (Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly) by the purified catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent
      protein kinase was inhibited by NaCl. The effect of NaCl on angiotensin I
      phosphorylation could be mimicked by KCl or sodium acetate. The principal effect
      of NaCl was to increase the Vmax of the enzyme for the phosphorylation of
      angiotensin I. At low ionic strength, Mn2+ and Co2+ were the preferred required
      divalent cations. At elevated NaCl concentrations Mg2+ was preferred, with half
      maximal activation occurring at 35 mM Mg2+. By conducting peptide phosphorylation
      assays in the presence of elevated levels of Mg2+ and NaCl, tyrosine protein
      kinase activity can readily be detected in extracts from cell lines that express
      low levels of the enzyme.

PMID- 3873257
TI  - Interleukin 1-like factors can accumulate 5-hydroxytryptamine in the liver of
      mice and can induce hypoglycaemia.
AB  - After the injection into mice of culture medium of P388D1 cells, a murine
      macrophage cell line, 5-hydroxytryptamine accumulated in the liver and blood
      glucose declined. The factors capable of inducing these responses were purified
      by gel filtration and chromatofocusing. With these procedures, the activity to
      induce the increase in 5-hydroxytryptamine in the liver accompanied the activity
      to induce hypoglycaemia. Moreover, through the purification, the factors were
      found in the fraction of interleukin 1, a lymphocyte-activating factor. These
      results suggest that the factors capable of inducing the increase in 5
      hydroxytryptamine and hypoglycaemia are likely to be interleukin 1 molecules or
      molecules closely related to interleukin 1. The present and previous findings
      together with those in the literature support the idea that the increase in 5
      hydroxytryptamine in the liver might be a cause of hypoglycaemia. These findings
      may provide new and important information about the roles of macrophages in
      inflammation or in immune responses.

PMID- 3873258
TI  - Incorporation of chorismic acid and 4-aminobenzoic acid into the 4-hydroxyaniline
      moiety of N-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-4-hydroxyaniline in Agaricus bisporus.
AB  - Agaricus bisporus contains the unique aniline derivative, N-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-4
      hydroxyaniline. 14C-labelled chorismic acid was quantitatively incorporated into
      the 4-hydroxyaniline moiety of this aniline derivative, whereas 14C-labelled
      prephenic acid and anthranilic acid were not incorporated into 4-hydroxyaniline.
      These observations indicate the branch point of the biosynthetic route of 4
      hydroxyaniline in the shikimic acid pathway to be chorismic acid. Moreover, 4
      aminobenzoic acid proved to be an effective precursor of 4-hydroxyaniline.

PMID- 3873259
TI  - Blockade of a 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced animal model of depression with a
      potent and selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist (LY53857).
AB  - To test the hypothesis that a new potent and selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist
      would be an excellent blocker of D,L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)-induced response
      suppression in an animal model of depression, we administered LY53857 60 min
      prior to 5-HTP injections into rats working on an operant schedule for milk
      reinforcement. As predicted, LY53857 pretreatment significantly blocked 5-HTP
      depression (90%) in doses as low as 0.1 mg/kg ip. When the dose of LY58357 was
      further reduced to 0.025 mg/kg, blockade of 5-HTP-induced depression was still
      greater than 30%. In doses as high as 5.0 mg/kg, LY53857 alone had no effect on
      the baseline performance of rats working a VI 1 schedule. Pretreatment with
      desipramine (2.5 mg/kg), an antidepressant characterized as having major
      noradrenergic effects, did not significantly block the 5-HTP-induced depression.
      These data suggest that the 5-HTP-induced depression is mediated by serotonergic
      mechanisms involving 5-HT2 receptors, as LY53857 is a selective antagonist of
      these receptors. These data also support the suggestion, based on other published
      data from this laboratory, that some antidepressants are antagonizing 5-HT2
      receptors in our animal model of depression and may also act in a similar manner
      in depressed patients. Thus, this new drug could be of interest as a possible
      antidepressant agent of the general type that was proposed earlier by Aprison and
      Hingtgen (1981).

PMID- 3873260
TI  - [Functional training of flaccid paralyzed muscles].

PMID- 3873261
TI  - Biological characterization of a granulomonopoietic enhancing activity derived
      from cultured human lipid-containing macrophages.
AB  - We describe the biologic characteristics of an activity produced by human
      monocyte-derived lipid-containing cells (MDLCCs) that enhances the colony-forming
      capacity of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM). Medium conditioned by
      well-developed MDLCCs (at day 21 to day 28 of cultivation) was added to bone
      marrow cultures containing GCT cell line-conditioned medium (GCT-CM) or other
      material as a source of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors (GM
      CSFs). MDLCC-conditioned medium (CM) had no detectable granulocyte-macrophage
      colony-stimulating activity (GM-CSA), but it contained an activity that enhanced
      the colony number in both day 7 and day 14 CFU-GM cultures. Dose-response curves
      for GCT-CM in the presence of MDLCC-CM demonstrated that this enhancing effect
      occurred at concentrations of GM-CSFs that stimulate maximal CFU-GM growth. This
      enhancing effect was seen with both granulocytic and monocytic progenitor cells.
      It was titratible and required the continuous presence of MDLCC-CM from
      initiation of culture. No enhancement was noted when MDLCC-CM was added 48 hours
      after plating. The enhancement still occurred when marrow cells were first
      incubated with MDLCC-CM and GCT-CM was added at later times. Neither the
      enhancing activity nor its production was dependent on horse serum contained in
      MDLCC culture medium. The enhancing effect was also seen when other sources of GM
      CSA were used: medium conditioned by 5637 cell line, phytohemagglutinin
      stimulated lymphocytes (PHAL), or placenta tissue. Furthermore, this enhancing
      activity appeared to be specific for CFU-GM. Addition of MDLCC-CM to mixed and
      erythroid cultures, stimulated by suboptimal and optimal concentrations of PHAL
      CM did not modify the number of mixed colonies or erythroid bursts. This
      granulomonopoietic enhancing activity contained in MDLCC-CM was heat stable (56
      degrees C and 75 degrees C for 30 minutes) and nondialyzable (3,500 and 14,000
      molecular weight cut off tubing). Its production was increased by treating MDLCC
      with lipopolysaccharide (5 micrograms/mL) or zymosan (60 micrograms/mL) and
      inhibited by lactoferrin (10(-7) mol/L). The production of a granulomonopoietic
      enhancing activity by MDLCCs represents the demonstration of another positive
      feedback regulator of myelopoiesis involving the monocyte-macrophage system.

PMID- 3873262
TI  - Effects of fresh-frozen plasma and its cryosupernatant fraction on von Willebrand
      factor multimeric forms in chronic relapsing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - Remission plasma samples of some patients with chronic relapsing thrombotic
      thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) contain unusually large von Willebrand factor
      (vWF) multimers similar to those produced by normal human endothelial cells in
      culture. The infusion of the cryosupernatant fraction of normal plasma is as
      effective as normal fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) in the treatment or prevention of
      TTP episodes in patients with the chronic relapsing form of TTP. Three patients
      with chronic relapsing TTP during remission have unusually large vWF multimers
      present in their plasma. Two of the patients were transfused once with FFP, one
      of the two received cryosupernatant on three occasions, and the third patient was
      studied before and immediately after plasma exchange. Unusually large vWF
      multimers decreased or disappeared from patient plasma samples within 1/2 to 1
      1/2 hours following the transfusion of FFP (on two occasions) or cryosupernatant
      (on two of three occasions), and immediately after plasma exchange (on one
      occasion). The patient who received cryosupernatant was studied serially after
      the infusions. Unusually large vWF multimers returned to her plasma within ten to
      24 hours and persisted thereafter. Unusually large vWF multimers did not
      disappear from patient remission plasma samples, or from the culture medium
      removed from normal human endothelial cells, when these fluids were incubated in
      vitro with either normal FFP or cryosupernatant. We conclude that an activity in
      FFP, and its cryosupernatant fraction, promoted the rapid in vivo disappearance
      of unusually large vWF multimers from the plasma of two patients with chronic
      relapsing TTP in remission, and plasma exchange reversed the abnormality in a
      third patient who was in partial remission. Neither FFP nor cryosupernatant
      directly converted unusually large multimers to smaller vWF forms in vitro in the
      fluid phase. These results indicate that an activity in the cryosupernatant
      fraction of normal plasma is involved in vivo in controlling the metabolism of
      unusually large vWF multimers, and that this process is defective in some chronic
      relapsing TTP patients.

PMID- 3873263
TI  - Growth factor-mediated proliferation in B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
AB  - The non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of human lymphoid
      tumors, primarily of B cell lineage, which appear to represent arrested stages in
      B lymphocyte differentiation. Control of cell proliferation is a fundamentally
      important but poorly understood area of study in these tumors. We have studied a
      representative group of B cell NHLs to assess their potential for growth factor
      mediated proliferation in vitro. Our results show that purified monoclonal NHL B
      cells of the small cell (well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, nodular poorly
      differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, etc) type, that were positive for the human
      malignancy-associated nucleolar antigen could be stimulated by human B cell
      growth factor (BCGF) to proliferate in vitro. Other B cell activators such as
      insoluble anti-Ig and the mitogen protein A also could stimulate thymidine
      incorporation in the lymphoma cell populations. In vitro lymphoma cell growth
      could be maintained in the presence of the growth factor for up to five weeks.
      The large B cell type NHL, however, appeared to be refractory to in vitro
      stimulation by BCGF as well as other stimulators of normal B cells. These studies
      suggest that human B cell lymphoid tumors are not only phenotypically similar to
      their normal B lymphocyte counterparts, but are also sensitive in some cases, to
      the same types of immunoregulatory molecules that control normal lymphoid cell
      growth.

PMID- 3873264
TI  - Treatment of two patients with B cell lymphoma with monoclonal anti-idiotype
      antibodies.
AB  - Mouse monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies have been used to treat two patients
      with progressive advanced B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Transient falls in the
      level of circulating malignant cells and idiotypic immunoglobulin were produced,
      and free unbound monoclonal antibody was identified in the serum. Homing of the
      antibodies to tumor cells in the blood, bone marrow, ascites, and lymph nodes was
      demonstrated in both patients. Although large amounts of anti-idiotype antibody
      were given (3.8 g and 5.8 g), no toxic effects were seen, and no antibodies to
      the foreign mouse protein were made. There was no modulation of the antigen from
      the tumor cells and no indication of immunoselection. There was evidence of large
      scale tumor cell destruction, but only a modest reduction in tumor size. The
      killing of the tumor cells was mediated by the reticuloendothelial system and not
      by complement.

PMID- 3873265
TI  - Lymphokine-induced phagocytosis in angiocentric immunoproliferative lesions (AIL)
      and malignant lymphoma arising in AIL.
AB  - A factor that augmented the phagocytosis of IgG-coated ox red blood cells by the
      human monocyte/macrophage line U937 was identified in cell culture supernatants
      from two of two patients with angiocentric peripheral T cell lymphomas, three of
      three patients with angiocentric immunoproliferative lesions that were not
      frankly malignant, and one of two patients with T lymphoblastic malignancies. The
      factor was not present in supernatants derived from 14 nonangiocentric peripheral
      T cell lymphomas of other histologic types nor in ten cases of B cell lymphoma
      and two cases of Hodgkin's disease. A similar factor was present in the
      supernatants of concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated normal peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells and in the supernatants of IL-2-dependent T cell lines derived
      from normal peripheral blood. The factor had an apparent mol wt of greater than
      50,000 daltons, was heat labile (100 degrees C for two minutes), and stable at pH
      2.0. Its stimulation of phagocytosis was independent of any increase in number of
      Fc receptors. Thus, this factor is probably not gamma-interferon. This factor may
      play a pathogenetic role in the hemophagocytic syndromes associated with certain
      T cell malignancies and immunodeficient states.

PMID- 3873266
TI  - Reactive arthritis due to Salmonella schwarzengrund in a patient with
      asymptomatic spondylitis.
AB  - Reactive arthritis following enteric infection with Salmonella schwarzengrund, a
      species not previously described in association with this condition, occurred in
      a 51-year-old man with bilateral sacro-iliitis.

PMID- 3873267
TI  - Lymphocyte proliferative responses to bacterial antigens in B27-associated
      arthropathies.

PMID- 3873268
TI  - Antidromic activation of dorsal raphe neurons from neostriatum: physiological
      characterization and effects of terminal autoreceptor activation.
AB  - Three types of neurons, distinguished on the basis of their spontaneous firing
      rates and patterns, extracellularly recorded waveforms and responses to
      neostriatal stimulation, were observed in the dorsal raphe nucleus in urethane
      anesthetized rats. Type 1 neurons (presumed to be serotonergic) fired
      spontaneously from 0.1 to 3 spikes/s in a regular pattern, with initial positive
      going bi- or triphasic action potentials. Type 1 cells exhibited long-latency
      antidromic responses to neostriatal stimulation (mean +/- S.E.M. 24.9 +/- 0.3 ms)
      that sometimes occurred at discrete multiple latencies, and supernormal periods
      persisting up to 100 ms following spontaneous spikes. Type 2 cells fired
      spontaneously in an irregular, somewhat bursty pattern from 0 to 2 spikes/s with
      initial negative-going biphasic spikes, and were antidromically activated from
      neostriatal stimulation at shorter latencies than Type 1 cells (21.8 +/- 0.9 ms).
      Type 3 cells were characterized by initial positive-going biphasic waveforms and
      displayed a higher discharge rate (5-30 spikes/s) than Type 1 or Type 2 cells.
      Type 3 cells could not be antidromically activated from neostriatal stimulation.
      The relatively long conduction time to neostriatum of the Type 1 presumed
      serotonergic neuron is discussed with respect to previous interpretations of the
      synaptic action of serotonin in the neostriatum. In conjunction with these
      antidromic activation studies, the neurophysiological consequences of
      serotonergic terminal autoreceptor activation were examined by measuring changes
      in the excitability of serotonergic terminal fields in the neostriatum following
      administration of the serotonin autoreceptor agonist, 5-methoxy-N,N
      dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT). The excitability of serotonergic terminal fields
      was decreased by intravenous injection of 40 micrograms/kg 5-MeODMT, and by
      infusion of 10-50 microM 5-MeODMT directly into the neostriatum. These results
      are interpreted from the perspective of mechanisms underlying autoreceptor
      mediated regulation of serotonin release.

PMID- 3873269
TI  - The formation of cerebrospinal fluid in two amphibians, Rana catesbeiana and Rana
      pipiens.
AB  - The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system of two amphibians, Rana catesbeiana and Rana
      pipiens has been perfused from the lateral ventricle to a site in the
      subarachnoid space close to the roof of the fourth ventricle. The CSF production
      rate (Vf) was measured by the dilution method using a perfusion fluid containing
      [14C]dextran in artificial CSF. For Rana catesbeiana Vf was 1.43 microliter min-1
      or 0.2 microliter min-1 mg choroid plexus-1 and for Rana pipiens Vf was 0.2
      microliter min-1 or 0.1 microliter min-1 mg choroid plexus-1. These control
      values declined by 35% and 14% respectively in the second half of the
      experimental period. Ouabain (5 X 10(-5) M) in the perfusion fluid for the second
      half of the experiment resulted in a much greater reduction in Vf, viz. 65% for
      Rana catesbeiana and 71% for Rana pipiens. Acetazolamide (1 X 10(-4) M) in the
      perfusion fluid for the second half of the experiment gave no change in Vf values
      when compared with control 74.5 +/- 4.8 microliters.

PMID- 3873270
TI  - Physiological properties of intradental mechanoreceptors.
AB  - A major role of tooth receptors in signaling overt or impending tissue damage
      (nociception) has been previously established by substantial evidence from
      mechanical, thermal and chemical stimulation of exposed dentin. We report
      evidence showing that some intradental receptors in canine teeth of the cat
      detect mechanical transients applied to intact enamel. This new finding suggests
      that dental innervation may play an important non-nociceptive role in oral
      function such as detecting tooth contact during mastication and swallowing.

PMID- 3873271
TI  - Quantitative compensation by lateral motor column neurons in response to four
      functional hindlimbs in a frog tadpole.
AB  - An analysis of the lateral motor columns of a frog tadpole with 4 functional
      unilateral hindlimbs revealed a 58% increase in the number of neurons on the
      overloaded side as compared to the control side of the spinal cord. An
      accompanying, apparently selective, increase in the number of very large neurons
      suggests that spinal motor centers respond to peripheral overload through a
      variable combination of neuronal number and size in providing for adequate
      innervation.

PMID- 3873272
TI  - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome:
      response to inadvertent steroid therapy.

PMID- 3873273
TI  - Response of astrocytoma to high-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue.
AB  - Eleven patients with astrocytoma were treated with high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX)
      and citrovorum factor rescue (CFR). Clinical response was observed in eight
      patients, including four of four with grade 3 disease, one of one with grade 2 to
      3, two of four with grade four, and one of one with unspecified low-grade tumor.
      Two patients with grade 4 and one with grade 1 disease failed to respond. Six of
      the eight responses were documented radiographically. Three of these patients are
      alive and well without further treatment for periods of 15+, 4.5+, and 1.5+
      years. The fourth living patient is surviving 2+ years and improving under
      continued treatment. The four surviving patients had recurrent grade 2 to 3 or
      grade 3 disease. HDMTX-CFR is effective in astrocytoma. Its greatest value may be
      in recurring grade 3 disease.

PMID- 3873274
TI  - Cell cycle progression of stimulated lymphocytes of various B-cell leukemias.

PMID- 3873275
TI  - Peculiar cytogenetic finding in T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.

PMID- 3873276
TI  - Injury associated with the use of vaccines.

PMID- 3873277
TI  - A 3-year longitudinal caries study of permanent tooth surfaces at risk in Finnish
      school children.

PMID- 3873278
TI  - The origin and ultrastructural characteristics of corticotropin-releasing factor
      (CRF)-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the posterior pituitary of the rat.
AB  - A fine network of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-immunopositive fibers was
      found in the posterior lobe of the pituitary of the rat. The intermediate and
      distal lobes were free of CRF-immunoreactivity. Varicose, terminal-like axons
      were frequently observed around capillary vessels. Surgical isolation of the
      paraventricular nuclei resulted in a complete disappearance of CRF-immunoreactive
      fibers from the posterior lobe. CRF-immunopositive fibers show the general
      characteristics of peptidergic axons. These ultrastructural observations support
      the idea that CRF is secreted into capillary vessels.

PMID- 3873279
TI  - Distribution of different cell types within the rat thymus in the neonatal period
      of life.
AB  - This study attempted to define reciprocal positions of cell types within the
      thymus. Random or non-random contacts between specific cell types were analyzed
      by means of graph theory. For analysis, thymus blocks were sectioned serially
      and, then, thymus cells were categorized into types, based on morphological
      criteria. The distribution of individual cell types within the cortex, cortico
      medullary zone and medulla was presented in form of a map. In the analysis, three
      types of epithelial cell, characteristic of each thymus zone, macrophages,
      Langerhans-like cells and lymphocytes were found in non-random relations to one
      another. Moreover, characteristic groups of cells associated with one another
      were also demonstrated.

PMID- 3873280
TI  - Molecular cloning of cDNA for human von Willebrand factor: authentication by a
      new method.
AB  - We have identified a 2.4 kb partial cDNA clone (pDL34) for human von Willebrand
      factor (vWf) mRNA. pDL34 was selected by screening an endothelial cell cDNA
      library with a radiolabeled reverse transcript of mRNA obtained by specific
      immunoisolation of vWf polysomes from endothelial cells. pDL34 selectively
      hybridized to an endothelial cell-associated 9.5 kb mRNA. To confirm its
      identity, SP6 RNA polymerase was used to generate in vitro transcripts of the
      cDNA. This synthetic RNA, truncated at its 5' end, directed the synthesis of
      several unique polypeptides in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. These polypeptides
      were immunoprecipitated by polyclonal and monoclonal anti-vWf antibodies. These
      results indicate that pDL34 contains an authentic partial copy of vWf mRNA. In
      vitro transcription of partial cDNA clones and translation of the resulting RNAs
      may be a useful general method of verifying the identity of various cDNA clones
      in circumstances where antibodies are available and protein sequence is not.

PMID- 3873281
TI  - Immunocompetence of chimeric rabbits. III. Serial passage and persistence of B
      lymphocyte memory.
AB  - In a model consisting of noninbred rabbits matched for major histocompatibility
      antigens and mismatched for immunoglobulin allotypes, using cell donors and
      recipients unrelated to each other, B-cell memory has been demonstrated to
      persist through three successive transfers for a period approaching 2 years.
      Memory cells from the original donor are shown to dominate specific antibody
      responses of the primary and secondary recipients. Vigorous antibody responses by
      donor-derived cells are obtained even when antigenic stimulation is delayed by
      several months. The data suggest that B memory cells may be particularly
      efficient in the colonization of recipients, and the potential significance of
      these findings for adoptive immunization of human bone marrow recipients is
      discussed.

PMID- 3873282
TI  - Leishmania tropica: differences in the antigenicity of promastigotes and
      amastigotes.
AB  - In vitro bioassays were used to compare T-cell responses induced by the
      intramacrophage amastigote stage and the sandfly-borne promastigote stage of
      Leishmania tropica. Lymph node cells from mice immunized with sonicated
      promastigotes or amastigotes incorporated in Freund's complete adjuvant were
      assayed for their ability to proliferate and to release interleukin 2 following
      in vitro challenge with promastigote or amastigote antigen. The levels of the
      proliferative and interleukin 2 synthetic responses of cells from promastigote
      and amastigote immunized mice were quite distinct. Cells from mice immunized with
      promastigotes demonstrated a vigorous in vitro response to the homologous
      antigen, but a reduced response to the potentially cross-reactive amastigotes. In
      contrast, cells from mice immunized with amastigotes mounted a weak response to
      the homologous antigen, but a consistently greater response to promastigote
      antigen. This unusual response was similar when 8 M urea extracts were used as
      immunogens and test antigens. In general, interleukin 2 production by immune mice
      paralleled the results from the T-cell proliferation assays. These results are
      discussed in relation to evasion of host immunologic detection by the
      intramacrophage amastigote stage.

PMID- 3873283
TI  - Expansion and cell surface Ig isotype switching in the antigen-binding cell
      population of nu/nu mice and nu/+ littermates.
AB  - Swiss-Webster nu/nu splenocytes placed in modified Mishell-Dutton culture
      containing sheep red blood cells (SRC) generated increased numbers of antigen
      binding cells (ABC) compared with antigen-free cultures. In contrast Balb/c nu/nu
      cultures did not expand their ABC population in response to SRC, suggesting that
      strain background may influence the effect of the nu/nu gene on T-dependent
      immune responses. Cell surface Ig isotype analysis indicated that the SRC-induced
      expanded ABC population exhibited a significant decrease in cell surface IgD and
      a significant increase in ABC bearing both IgM and IgG. The Swiss-Webster nu/+
      littermate cell surface Ig isotype patterns were generally similar to the nu/nu
      ABC patterns, but with different kinetics.

PMID- 3873284
TI  - Effect of lipopolysaccharide on the stimulation of macrophage Fc-dependent
      phagocytosis by splenic B lymphocytes.
AB  - Macrophage phagocytic activity is regulated by a variety of products derived from
      activated lymphocytes. It has been reported that nonactivated splenic B and T
      lymphocytes enhance macrophage glucose metabolism. In addition, the enhancement
      of macrophage glucose metabolism was further increased by direct effects of
      bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on B, but not T, lymphocytes. In the present
      study, the effect of purified murine splenic B and T lymphocytes on Fc-dependent
      phagocytosis by thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages in the presence or
      absence of LPS has been investigated. Fc-dependent phagocytosis was assayed by
      measuring the ingestion of 51Cr-tagged sheep erythrocytes. After 3 or 4 days in
      culture, nonadherent spleen cells (NASC) and B and T lymphocytes from C3H/HeN
      (LPS-responder) mice produced 92 +/- 27%, 83 +/- 13%, and 147 +/- 33% increases
      in C3H/HeJ (LPS-hyporesponder) macrophage phagocytic activity, respectively. A
      similar effect was observed in Balb/c mice. Cell-free supernatant from NASC and B
      lymphocytes precultured for 2 or 4 days produced a 74 +/- 20% and 157 +/- 42%
      increase in phagocytosis respectively. At concentrations which have been
      previously shown to markedly enhance the ability of splenic B lymphocytes to
      stimulate macrophage glucose metabolism, Escherichia coli K235 LPS (10
      micrograms/ml) did not alter the stimulatory effects of any of the splenic
      lymphocyte populations on macrophage Fc-dependent phagocytosis. These data
      suggest that B lymphocytes produce a soluble factor(s) which stimulates
      macrophage phagocytosis. In addition, LPS has different effects on the regulation
      of macrophage phagocytic activity and metabolism by B lymphocytes.

PMID- 3873285
TI  - Demonstration of intracytoplasmic IgE in circulating lymphocytes of allergic
      individuals.
AB  - Cells containing intracytoplasmic IgE (IC IgE) were demonstrated in the
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells of atopic individuals by means of indirect
      immunofluorescence, employing mouse monoclonal anti-human IgE antibody. IC IgE
      positive cells are low-density B cells as shown by centrifugation on
      discontinuous bovine serum albumin density gradient and by their reactivity with
      B1 monoclonal antibody specific to B lymphocytes, respectively. Further
      characterization of these cells by means of a rosette assay employing anti-Ig
      coupled bovine erythrocytes indicated that these cells were surface IgE (sIgE)
      positive and sIgM negative. The data strongly suggest that activated IgE B cells
      are circulating in the blood of allergic individuals.

PMID- 3873286
TI  - Induction of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in mice with in vitro activated
      splenic T cells.
AB  - Spleen cells from CBA/J or SJL mice sensitized with mouse thyroglobulin (MTg) and
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could be activated in vitro with MTg to transfer
      experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) to normal syngeneic recipients. EAT
      induced by these transferred cells was similar in incidence and severity to EAT
      induced by active immunization of mice with MTg and adjuvant and cells from EAT
      resistant Balb/c mice could not be activated to induce EAT. The specific antigen
      MTg was required both for initial sensitization of the mice and for activation of
      spleen cells in vitro. The cells that were active in transferring EAT to mice
      were shown to be T cells. Removal of B cells from the cultured spleen cells had
      no effect on the ability of the cells to induce EAT.

PMID- 3873288
TI  - Lymphopoiesis in the nude fetal thymus following sympathectomy.
AB  - This study was carried out to examine the innervation of the nude fetal thymus
      during ontogeny and to see if lymphopoietic activity would occur within these
      thymic lobes in the absence of sympathetic neuronal input. Fetal thymic rudiments
      from nu/nu mice were removed and examined for galoxylic acid-induced
      histofluorescence to detect the catecholaminergic nerves. Some of these lobes
      were organ cultured for 5 to 7 days in the presence of deoxyguanosine to
      eliminate any existing lymphoid cells within the rudiments. Such "nonlymphoid"
      thymic rudiments were implanted into the anterior eye chambers of syngenic BALB/c
      mice (heterozygous) from which cervical sympathetic ganglia and part of the
      sympathetic chain had been surgically removed (right side) one week earlier. The
      left side was only sham operated. The thymic implants were allowed to grow for up
      to 21 days on both sides; they were then removed and examined by
      histofluorescence, immunofluorescence, and light microscopy. The results indicate
      for the first time that the nude fetal thymus is innervated by sympathetic nerves
      and that following sympathectomy the nude thymus is able to sustain lymphopoietic
      activity and generate lymphoid cells which have characteristics present on
      thymocytes during in vivo development in normal mice, such as binding to peanut
      agglutinin and expression of Thy-1 antigen. The relationship between the presence
      of sympathetic inhibitory influence and the thymic atrophy seen in the nude mice
      during ontogeny, is being investigated.

PMID- 3873287
TI  - Modulation by lipoproteins of amphotericin B-induced immunostimulation.
AB  - Previous reports indicate that amphotericin B (AmB) and amphotericin methyl ester
      (AME) are potent adjuvants and polyclonal B-cell activators, and that most mouse
      strains can be classified as high or low responders to AmB and AME. In the
      present study, an inbred strain with very high plasma cholesterol concentration
      (HC strain) proved to be a low responder. Responses of HC mice to other immune
      stimuli were normal, suggesting that HC lymphoid cells expressed selectively weak
      responses to AmB and AME. Plasma levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very
      low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and high-density lipoprotein subfraction (HDL2)
      were very much higher in HC mice than in AKR mice, an AmB-high responder strain.
      Low responses in vitro to AME were observed with lymphoid cells from HC mice and
      from AKR----HC bone marrow chimeras, i.e., AmB-high responder strain lymphocytes
      from a low responder host. However, enhanced AME responses were induced by a 2-
      or 48-hr preincubation of splenocytes from either HC or AKR mice in medium
      containing lipoprotein-depleted fetal calf serum. Taken together these studies
      indicate that plasma lipoproteins can inhibit lymphocyte responses to AME; this
      seems to account for the low AmB and AME responses of the HC strain. The
      mechanism of this lipoprotein-induced inhibition remains obscure, but it cannot
      be accounted for by competitive binding of AmB by lipoproteins.

PMID- 3873289
TI  - Murine and human interleukin 2 can substitute for the thymus in immune responses
      to TNP-Ficoll in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad.
AB  - Extirpation of the thymuses of Xenopus laevis abrogates the capacity to respond
      to trinitrophenol (TNP)-Ficoll regardless of the age of the animal. This thymus
      requirement can be substituted for by a variety of treatments which stimulate
      thymus-derived (T)cell activity in the periphery, such as the rejection of
      allogeneic skin grafts, immunologic challenge with thymus-dependent immunogens,
      (e.g., heterologous erythrocytes), or plant-derived lectins (e.g., concanavalin
      A). Here we report that interleukin 2 (IL-2), a T-cell-produced hormone of
      mammalian origin also substitutes for this thymus requirement in thymectomized
      toads.

PMID- 3873290
TI  - A comparison of lysis mediated by Lyt 2+ TNP-specific cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte
      (CTL) lines with that mediated by rapidly internalized lymphotoxin-containing
      supernatant fluids: evidence for a role of soluble mediators in CTL-mediated
      killing.
AB  - A series of Lyt 2+, trinitrophenyl (TNP)-specific T-cell lines are shown to lyse
      51Cr-labeled target cells in an antigen-specific, H-2-restricted fashion in a 4
      hr assay. These cells also produce lymphotoxin, in addition to other factors,
      upon stimulation with TNP-haptenated syngeneic splenocytes. A technique for
      introducing macromolecules into the cytoplasm of fibroblasts by inducing the
      cells to pinocytose the molecule in hypertonic medium, and then lysing the newly
      formed pinocytic vesicles with a mild hypotonic shock was used to assess the role
      of soluble mediators in the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated lytic process.
      The technique itself has little effect on cell growth rate or viability. A
      minimum of 24 hr, and more frequently 48-72 hr is required for lymphotoxin to
      manifest it's lethal effect when it is merely included in the culture medium of
      growing fibroblasts. In contrast, supernatant fluids from the Lyt 2+ cells kill
      51Cr-labeled fibroblasts in a dose-dependent fashion during a 4-hr assay when
      they are rapidly internalized via the osmotic procedure. The data serve as
      preliminary evidence of a role for soluble mediators such as lymphotoxin in T
      cell-mediated lysis, and suggest that the cytotoxic-T-cell lethal hit may include
      a mechanism for rapidly internalizing a toxin into appropriate target cells.

PMID- 3873291
TI  - Expression of I-region-associated antigen (Ia) and interleukin 1 by subcultured
      human endothelial cells.
AB  - Activation of T cells requires three signals from an antigen-presenting cell:
      antigen, Ia determinants (HLA-D region determinants in man), and interleukin 1
      (IL-1). Recent evidence has suggested that macrophages, dendritic cells,
      epidermal Langerhan's cells, and endothelial cells can each function as antigen
      presenting cells (APC). If these cell types can independently function as APC,
      they should synthesize Ia determinants and secrete IL-1. To determine if
      endothelial cells fulfill these requirements, we have propagated human umbilical
      vein endothelial cells by serial subculture for extended periods of time and
      assessed Ia expression and IL-1 secretion. The endothelial cells were subcultured
      for 8 months (approximately 20 subcultures) and were found to display classic
      morphology and immunofluorescent staining for the endothelial cell-specific
      marker Factor VIII-related antigen. In a separate paper we have shown that these
      subcultured endothelial cells can present antigen to T cells in a HLA-D region
      restricted fashion (C. R. Wagner, R. M. Vetto, and D. R. Burger, Subcultured
      human endothelial cells can independently function as fully competent antigen
      presenting cells, accepted for publication, Hum. Immunol.). In this paper we
      present evidence demonstrating that extensively subcultured endothelial cells
      biosynthesize both HLA-DR and HLA-DS molecules after exposure to T cells and
      antigen or to a supernatant from antigen-activated T cells. Evidence is also
      presented that when endothelial cells are cultured in the presence of
      lipopolysaccharide they secrete a molecule(s) with IL-1 activity as assayed by
      LBRM-33-IA5 cell line production of interleukin 2.

PMID- 3873292
TI  - [Measurement of blood loss during normal delivery and 24 hours postpartum].

PMID- 3873293
TI  - [Relation between postpartum bleeding and abortion].

PMID- 3873294
TI  - [Intravenous diazepam in preventing postpartum bleeding caused by weak uterine
      contraction].

PMID- 3873295
TI  - Viscoelastic behavior of the thoracic aorta of dogs and rabbits.
AB  - Data are presented which demonstrate no correlation between atrial electrical
      activity and diameter changes in the descending thoracic aorta of dogs or
      rabbits. The experiments conducted included bypassing a segment of the descending
      thoracic aorta in dogs, and production of a variety of arrhythmias without the
      bypass in dogs and rabbits. We found no evidence of electrical stimulation
      induced phasic activity as suggested by other authors.

PMID- 3873296
TI  - Mitral valve replacement combined with myocardial revascularization: early and
      late results for 300 patients, 1970 to 1983.
AB  - Of 300 consecutive patients undergoing primary operation for mitral valve
      replacement combined with coronary bypass grafting, 22 (7.3%) died in-hospital.
      Multivariate testing of preoperative and operative descriptors identified
      radiographic cardiac enlargement, preoperative paced rhythm or atrial
      fibrillation, 70% or more left main coronary obstruction, and serum bilirubin of
      more than 2 mg% as factors associated with an increase in in-hospital mortality.
      Follow-up of the 278 hospital survivors (mean interval 48 months, range 2 to 165
      months) documented survival of 85%, 66%, and 31% and an event-free survival of
      65%, 46%, and 21% at 2, 5, and 10 postoperative years, respectively. Cox
      proportional-hazard regression models of late risk implicated in-hospital
      ventricular arrhythmias, left ventricular dysfunction, and rheumatic or ischemic
      causes of mitral valve disease in decreasing long-term survival. In addition,
      patients with bioprostheses without warfarin anticoagulation had better survival
      and event-free survival than those with bioprostheses taking warfarin and those
      with mechanical prostheses with or without warfarin.

PMID- 3873297
TI  - Characterization of the functional significance of subcritical coronary stenoses
      with H(2)15O and positron-emission tomography.
AB  - We have previously developed a method employing cardiac positron-emission
      tomography (PET) with 15O (half-life 2.1 min)-labeled water (H2(15)O) and blood
      pool subtraction with C15O for assessment of myocardial perfusion. This study was
      performed to determine whether the method developed permits detection of the
      differences in blood flow, induced by vasodilator stress, indicative of
      functionally significant subcritical coronary stenosis despite normal perfusion
      at rest. Coronary stenoses were induced with a small Teflon cylinder placed in
      the left anterior descending coronary artery of the closed-chest dog. Regional
      myocardial blood flow was assessed tomographically with H(2)15O given
      intravenously and C15O given inhalation. Blood flow distal to the stenoses was
      normal under conditions of rest. However, significant reductions in the hyperemic
      response to dipyridamole were detected consistently in regions distal to 50% to
      70% diameter stenoses. Flow distal to stenoses more than doubled in absolute
      terms in response to dipyridamole but was only 43 +/- 9% of the increased flow in
      normal regions in the same dogs or in corresponding anterior regions in normal
      dogs. Relative myocardial blood flow measured noninvasively with PET correlated
      closely with the distribution of radiolabeled microspheres measured in vitro (r =
      .88). Thus, assessment of myocardial blood flow with H(2)15O and PET in dogs at
      rest and during vasodilator-induced stress permits detection of physiologically
      significant coronary stenoses. The procedure should therefore prove useful
      diagnostically for the detection of coronary insufficiency in patients as well as
      for the assessment of clinical interventions designed to augment regional
      perfusion.

PMID- 3873298
TI  - Improved separation of alpha-amylase isoenzymes.

PMID- 3873299
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic determination of p-aminobenzoic acid in plasma to evaluate
      exocrine pancreatic function.

PMID- 3873300
TI  - Phenotyping alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) variants by isoelectric focusing in
      agarose and immunoblotting.

PMID- 3873301
TI  - Cellular origin of human lymphotoxin and its purification.
AB  - The ability of various subsets of human mononuclear cells to produce human
      lymphotoxin (LT) was examined. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated
      into OKT4+, OKT8+, and Leu-11a+ subpopulations by flow cytometry. Both OKT4+ and
      OKT8+ cells produced LT upon phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation, but the OKT4+
      T cells were the major source of LT. In contrast, Leu-11a+ cells failed to
      produce LT. The LT production and the proliferative response to PHA, of OKT4+ and
      OKT8+ cells, were inhibited by prostaglandin E2 and histamine. The LT, derived
      from PHA-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes, was purified by a procedure
      involving Blue-agarose, Con A-Sepharose chromatography, preparative gradient
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The LT activity was recovered from SDS gel
      with major activity peak in the Mr 76,000 region and the minor activity peak in
      the Mr 24,000 region. The LT derived from 1788 lymphoblastoid cell line also
      showed heterogeneity on SDS gel. The activity was recovered from two peaks in the
      region of Mr 70,000 and 20,000.

PMID- 3873302
TI  - Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by mitoxantrone.
AB  - Treatment of rats with a developing or an established lesion of experimental
      allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) with mitoxantrone (Novantrone) suppressed the
      hind limb paralysis associated with the disease. Histopathological examination of
      the spinal cords of these rats showed that mitoxantrone-treated rats had reduced
      vascular lesions that are associated with EAE. Spleen cells derived from
      immunized rats that had been treated in vivo with mitoxantrone did not transfer
      disease when these cells were administered to naive syngenic recipients. In
      addition, spleen cells from diseased rats did not transfer EAE lesions when these
      cells were administered to recipients that had been treated with mitoxantrone.
      Recipients treated with mitoxantrone were resistant to EAE lesions induced by
      sensitized cells in a rapid passive transfer system. Finally, when spleen cells
      from rats with EAE were incubated, in vitro, with mitoxantrone, these cells did
      not transfer disease to recipients. Thus the present studies indicate that
      treatment with mitoxantrone can suppress the lesions associated with both the
      active and passive forms of EAE.

PMID- 3873303
TI  - Oligoclonal immunoglobulins in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome.
AB  - Analysis of serum samples from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome (AIDS) was performed by high-resolution zone electrophoresis. A high
      incidence of monoclonal and oligoclonal immunoglobulins was detected in the sera
      of 24/27 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma and in 2/15 patients with opportunistic
      infections. The presence of monoclonal bands was independent of whether or not
      the patients had experienced an opportunistic infection. These findings indicate
      a monoclonal or oligoclonal B-cell activation occurring in a much higher
      frequency in AIDS patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, thus suggesting that similar
      mechanisms may be operative in the malignant or pseudomalignant proliferation of
      B-cells and endothelial cells in patients with AIDS.

PMID- 3873304
TI  - Spontaneous production of antibodies to deoxyribonucleic acids in patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - In vitro spontaneous anti-DNA antibody production in patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) was examined. SLE lymphocytes produced IgG and IgM anti-DNA
      antibody from the third culture day, and reached a plateau on the seventh culture
      day. This anti-DNA antibody activity in 7-day culture supernatant was abolished
      by pretreatment of the lymphocytes with cycloheximide, suggesting de novo
      immunoglobulin synthesis was required for this spontaneous anti-DNA antibody
      production. Lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other
      collagen diseases including progressive systemic sclerosis,
      polymyositis/dermatomyositis, and polyarteritis nodosa did not produce IgG and
      IgM anti-DNA antibody spontaneously, but SLE lymphocytes produced substantial
      amounts of IgG and IgM anti-DNA antibody spontaneously. Furthermore, active SLE
      produced a larger amount of IgG anti-DNA antibody than inactive SLE. We observed
      a significant negative correlation between the number of Ia+ T cells and IgG, but
      not IgM, anti-DNA antibody production. Furthermore, spontaneous IgG anti-DNA
      antibody production was elevated after pretreatment of SLE T cells with anti-Ia
      and complement, suggesting that Ia+ T cells in SLE bring about suppression of
      autologous B cells producing IgG anti-DNA antibody.

PMID- 3873305
TI  - Characterization of the spontaneous DNA-synthesizing and/or IgG-secreting cells
      in peripheral blood from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Characterization of the cells responsible for spontaneous DNA synthesis and/or
      IgG secretion in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was undertaken by
      fractionation of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM). Each fraction was
      analyzed for its capacity to incorporate [3H]thymidine [( 3H]TdR) and secrete IgG
      without mitogen. The non-E rosette-forming cell (non-ERRC) fraction, which
      consisted of the surface immunoglobulin-positive [sIg(+)] cells and null cells,
      revealed a markedly increased spontaneous DNA synthesis (620.0 +/- 586.9 cpm)
      during the first hour of culture and an elevated spontaneous IgG secretion (8639
      +/- 2630 ng/ml) during 9 days of culture. Of particular interest was the finding
      that both increased responses were conducted by the null cells; the null cell
      population had approximately a fourfold relative increase of [3H]TdR
      incorporation and a 60-fold relative increase of IgG secretion compared with the
      sIg(+) cell population. These results suggest that SLE patients have a small
      population of preactivated B-cell lineage cells, which lack sIg or have a very
      low density of sIg.

PMID- 3873306
TI  - Chronic B-cell leukemias: relation between morphological and immunological
      features.
AB  - To better understand the heterogeneity of chronic B-cell leukemias we correlated
      morphological and immunological features by studying the peripheral blood from 80
      patients with a panel of anti-immunoglobulin and fourteen monoclonal antibodies,
      which hitherto were studied separately or with respect to one single
      morphological entity only. Of these the surface immunoglobulins (sIg) and
      monoclonal antibodies (McAb) BA-1, BA-2, FMC7, OKM1, and anti-T65 allowed a fair
      distinction between five cytological subtypes: chronic lymphocytic (CLL),
      "lymphoplasmacytoid" (LPL), centrocytic (CL), prolymphocytic (PLL), and hairy
      cell leukemia (HCL). In that order the sIg showed a decreasing number of cases of
      mu +/- delta class and an increase of alpha or gamma positivity. The number of BA
      1-positive cases was decreased in PLL and HCL. There was a decline of BA-2- and
      anti-T65-positive cases in the order mentioned, while this was accompanied by an
      increase of FMC7 and OKM1 positivity. A significant mutual exclusion between anti
      T65 and FMC7 was observed and the same was true for FMC7 and BA-2. The antibodies
      FMC7 and OKM1, and anti-T65 and BA-2 were linked to each other. Also FMC7
      positivity was related to sIg of the alpha and gamma classes. On the basis of
      this unique combination of markers a differentiation scheme of B lymphocytes is
      proposed, in which prolymphocytic leukemia and hairy cell leukemia seem to
      represent a maturation arrest at a more advanced stage than chronic lymphocytic
      or "lymphoplasmacytoid" leukemia.

PMID- 3873307
TI  - 1a,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates alkaline phosphatase activity and inhibits
      soft-tissue proliferation in implants of bone matrix.
AB  - To test the importance of vitamin D metabolites on intramuscular implants of
      demineralized bone, four-month-old rats were given either 1a,25-(OH)2D3 or 24R,25
      (OH)2D3, or a combination of both metabolites, and sacrificed at intervals
      ranging from five to 35 days after implantation. Histologically there was a
      reduced ingrowth of mesenchymal cells into the implanted matrix cylinders in the
      presence of 1a,25-(OH)2D3; the reduction was followed by decreased total DNA and
      protein values until the 16th experimental day. At 35 days postimplantation, the
      quantity of new bone was the same in all treated groups. However, 1a,25-(OH)2D3
      increased the alkaline phosphatase activity 60%-110% (depending on the
      denominator used). The metabolite 24R,25-(OH)2R3 had no effect on cell growth or
      the alkaline phosphatase activity. These results provide evidence for the
      inhibitory effect of 1a,25-(OH)2D3 on mesenchymal cell growth and its stimulatory
      effect on osteoblasts, which are responsible for increased alkaline phosphatase
      activity and new bone formation in vivo.

PMID- 3873308
TI  - Abdominal varices mimicking an acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage during
      technetium-99m red blood cell scintigraphy.
AB  - Abdominal varices consisting of a caput medusae and dilated mesenteric veins
      resulted in pooling of Tc-99m tagged red blood cells (RBC) within these dilated
      vessels in a 57-year-old man with severe Laennec's cirrhosis. The atypical
      radiotracer localization within the abdomen mimicked an acute gastrointestinal
      hemorrhage. Clinical suspicion and careful evaluation of scintigraphic
      gastrointestinal bleeding studies will avoid false-positive interpretations.

PMID- 3873309
TI  - Focal bone marrow activity. A false-positive on a sulfur colloid bleeding study.

PMID- 3873310
TI  - Utility of lateral imaging in rectosigmoid bleeding.

PMID- 3873311
TI  - Deciduous tooth eruption in Israeli children. A cross-sectional study.
AB  - Deciduous tooth eruption (DTE) was studied in 366 Jewish Israeli children: 193
      boys and 173 girls. The number of erupted teeth (NET) at different ages was
      similar in both sexes. No statistically significant correlation was found between
      NET and anthropometric measurements at birth (weight and length) or subsequently,
      after eliminating the influence of age, between NET and weight, height, and head
      circumference. The high normal variability in NET at a given age is demonstrated.

PMID- 3873312
TI  - The effect of Blend-A-Med dentifrice on gingival health.

PMID- 3873313
TI  - Conservative management of a missing central incisor. A case report.

PMID- 3873315
TI  - Prevention of dental trauma. Custom mouthguards.

PMID- 3873314
TI  - Penetration of the maxillary sinus by overextended gutta percha cones. Report of
      two cases.

PMID- 3873316
TI  - A new deep-grooved design toothbrush. A clinical evaluation.

PMID- 3873317
TI  - Relevance of 3A1 monoclonal antibody in the diagnosis of T-cell acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Two childhood and three adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
      are described. The identification of the T-cell nature of their ALL-cells was
      based on the positivity of their blasts with 3A1 monoclonal antibody which
      recognizes immature and mature T-cells. Four tested cases showed a terminal
      deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) positivity, and four out of five were acid
      phosphatase (AcP)-positive. Cells from all cases were characterized with a panel
      of 15 monoclonal antibodies: 3A1 was constantly positive; J5, BA-1, OKT6, Leu-7,
      and other monoclonal antibodies reactive with T-cells (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, OKT11,
      Leu-1, T65) were negative; only two cases had weak positivity with OKT11 and Leu
      1, respectively; cells from all cases were surface immunoglobulin (SIg)-negative;
      three out of the five cases were OKT10-positive and three OKT9-positive; none of
      the cases reacted with OKM1 and anti-HLA-DR. Our findings indicate that the use
      of 3A1 monoclonal antibody was helpful in the recognition of individual cases of
      T-ALL otherwise considered as unclassified-ALL (U-ALL). 3A1 and an anti-common
      ALL Antigen (CALLA) reagent may represent the essential monoclonal antibodies to
      be used for screening ALL cells.

PMID- 3873318
TI  - Problems in ANA test interpretation: a comparison of two substrates.
AB  - Comparison of serum antinuclear antibody (ANA) test results on commercial HEp-2
      cell culture preparations and fixed mouse kidney sections demonstrated
      significant differences in end-point titers and pattern production. When
      manufacturer's suggested screening titers are used, there is also a significant
      difference in qualitative results and correlation with clinical status. With
      individual intralaboratory establishment of screening titer levels, some of these
      differences become less significant, although this study suggests that mouse
      kidney substrate slides are more sensitive in detecting nonspecific ANA, and that
      HEp-2 substrate slides are more specific in detecting ANA from cases of systemic
      lupus erythematosus. Antinuclear antibody substrate selection must be based on
      classic sensitivity-specificity considerations and the clinical correlation
      performance desired. Comparisons of interlaboratory or follow-up ANA results are
      invalid without consideration of substrate variations. Regardless of substrate
      utilized, each laboratory should establish its own individual screening titers in
      relation to suitable age groupings.

PMID- 3873319
TI  - Quantitative measurements of regional ventilation/perfusion ratios by means of
      positron emission tomography.

PMID- 3873321
TI  - Occupational accidents and injuries: the need for a national data bank.

PMID- 3873320
TI  - Differences in airway obstruction between heavy smokers.

PMID- 3873322
TI  - Use of colonoscopy for localization of bleeding site in severe lower
      gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

PMID- 3873323
TI  - Cardiac involvement in progressive polyarthritis--an echocardiographic study.
AB  - Echocardiographic, electrocardiographic and roentgenologic examinations were
      performed in 50 patients with progressive polyarthritis without clinical signs of
      pericardial affection. At the same time, laboratory signs of the activity of the
      disease were evaluated. Using one-dimensional echocardiography, pericardial
      effusion was detected in 27 patients (54%). Neither valvular involvement nor
      specific changes in the myocardium were found. In the serum of patients with
      pericardial effusion the presence of the rheumatoid factor was statistically
      significantly more frequent than in patients without effusion. Patients with
      steroid therapy of the primary disease and a statistically significantly lower
      incidence of effusions than patients who were subjected to other forms of
      treatment. Echocardiography again proved to be the only sensitive non-invasive
      method capable of detecting small and medium-sized effusions.

PMID- 3873324
TI  - Pathological and adaptive vascular changes in the microcirculatory bed according
      to morphological and biomicroscopic findings.
AB  - Using non-injection methods (membrane silvering, their staining with Sudan black
      B or Schiff's reagent) and using conjunctival microscopy, the state of
      microcirculation in various diseases was investigated on autopsy material (162
      observations) and in vivo (78 patients). On the basis of the results the authors
      deduce general principles of the description and functional evaluation of
      pathological changes in the microcirculatory system, and divide them into
      vascular, intravascular and extravascular (stromal) ones. They stress that
      besides pathological changes proper it is necessary to differentiate also
      adaptive changes in the microvascular structure, changes in rheological
      properties of blood and in the interstitium. It is recommended to apply the same
      principles in description and functional evaluation of the findings of
      biomicroscopic examination of microcirculation in clinical practice.

PMID- 3873325
TI  - [Electrical stimulation in promoting healing of mandibular defects in the
      rabbit].

PMID- 3873326
TI  - Reduction in gastric mucosal hemorrhage and ulceration with chronic high-level
      dosing of enteric-coated aspirin granules two and four times a day.
AB  - When administered on a chronic high-dosage regimen, enteric-coated aspirin
      granules produced significantly less gastric damage than plain aspirin or aspirin
      antacid combinations. Clinically meaningful damage occurred in all subjects
      receiving plain aspirin, 93% of those receiving aspirin-antacid combination and
      only 27% and 20% of those receiving enteric-coated aspirin granules qid and bid,
      respectively. All three aspirin formulations were taken as 1 g qid (4 g/day) and
      an additional group received enteric granules administered as 2 g bid (4 g/day).
      Gastric damage was assessed by means of endoscopy carried out after seven days of
      treatment. Enteric granules are equally safe when administered on a bid or qid
      regimen (at same total daily dosage) and, in a bid regimen, should provide a
      compliance advantage for patients on high-dose therapy for diseases such as
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3873327
TI  - Abnormalities in offspring associated with prenatal marihuana exposure.
AB  - 5 newborn infants, whose mothers acknowledged steady use of marihuana prior to
      and during pregnancies, displayed symptoms of intrauterine growth retardation,
      neurological problems, and abnormal morphogenesis. These findings fit in with the
      experimental studies and surveys of pregnant human populations which have
      indicated that cannabis products have teratogenic potential, though rigorous
      proof must await further information.

PMID- 3873328
TI  - Age of onset and type of diabetes.
AB  - The age of onset and the clinical type of diabetes mellitus were evaluated on the
      basis of a cross-sectional study of medical records of 14 municipal health
      centers in East Finland. Altogether 281 patients were classified as having
      insulin-dependent (IDDM) and 2713 as having non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM)
      diabetes. Nearly all patients diagnosed before the age of 19 had IDDM, but a
      large proportion (37%) of all diagnoses of IDDM were made after that age. Six
      percent of all diabetic subjects in the age group 15-19 yr were classified as
      NIDDM and the proportion increased rapidly in older age groups. Half of the
      patients with NIDDM were diagnosed over the age of 64.

PMID- 3873329
TI  - [Aorto-intestinal and paraprosthetic fistulas. A rare differential diagnosis of
      gastrointestinal hemorrhage].
AB  - Secondary aorto-intestinal or paraprosthetic fistulas had developed in seven
      patients after implantation of an angioprosthesis. In six cases, the fistula was
      located in the duodenum, in each case after a bifurcation bypass had been
      established, whereas in one case the fistula occurred in the area of the caecum
      (unilateral aortofemoral bypass as preliminary operation). Gastrointestinal
      bleeding was the initial sign in five patients, preceding in each case the final
      massive haemorrhage as a typical premonitory haemorrhage by several days. A
      secondary aorto-intestinal fistula must be assumed if there is a constellation of
      acute gastrointestinal bleeding, sepsis or fever and previous aorto-iliacal
      bypass operation, unless it is possible to confirm some other source of
      haemorrhage by endoscopy. The present-day standard therapy consists in occluding
      the intestinal fistula opening, removal of the entire prosthetic material and, if
      necessary, establishment of an extra-anatomic axillofemoral bypass.

PMID- 3873330
TI  - [Determination of intestinal inflammatory activity in Crohn disease using alpha 1
      antitrypsin].

PMID- 3873331
TI  - [Sclerosing therapy of bleeding esophageal varices].

PMID- 3873332
TI  - [Nuclear medical detection of hemorrhage in the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 3873333
TI  - Aging and auditory vestibular response.

PMID- 3873334
TI  - Properties of the MgATP and MgADP binding sites on the Fe protein of nitrogenase
      from Azotobacter vinelandii.
AB  - Flow dialysis was used to study the binding of MgATP and MgADP to the nitrogenase
      proteins of Azotobacter vinelandii. Both reduced and oxidized Av2 bind two
      molecules of MgADP, with the following dissociation constants: reduced Av2, K1 =
      0.091 +/- 0.021 mM and K2 = 0.044 +/- 0.009 mM; oxidized Av2, K1 = 0.024 +/-
      0.015 mM and K2 = 0.039 +/- 0.022 mM. Binding of MgADP to reduced Av2 shows
      positive co-operativity. Oxidized Av2 binds two molecules of MgATP with
      dissociation constants K1 = 0.049 +/- 0.016 mM and K2 = 0.18 +/- 0.05 mM. Binding
      data of MgATP to reduced Av2 can be fitted by assuming one binding site, but a
      better fit was obtained by assuming two binding sites on the protein with
      negative co-operativity and with dissociation constants K1 = 0.22 +/- 0.03 mM and
      K2 = 1.71 +/- 0.50 mM. It was found that results concerning the number of binding
      sites and the dissociation constants of MgATP-Av2 and MgADP-Av2 complexes depend
      to a great extent on the specific activity of the Av2 preparation used, and that
      it is difficult to correct binding data for inactive protein. No binding of MgADP
      to Av1 could be demonstrated. Binding studies of MgADP to a mixture of Av1 and
      Av2 showed that Av1 did not affect the binding of MgADP to either oxidized or
      reduced Av2. Inhibition studies were performed to investigate the interaction of
      MgATP and MgADP binding to oxidized and reduced Av2. All the experimental data
      can be explained by the minimum hypothesis, i.e. the presence of two adenine
      nucleotide binding sites on Av2. MgATP and MgADP compete for these two binding
      sites on the Fe protein.

PMID- 3873335
TI  - Hepatic cavernous hemangioma: a potential pitfall during evaluation of
      gastrointestinal bleeding with 99mTc-labeled erythrocytes.
AB  - The purpose of this report is to underscore one previously unreported hepatic
      parenchymal lesion detected during evaluation of occult lower gastrointestinal
      hemorrhage. In more than 90% of the patients harboring the lesion, the individual
      remains asymptomatic, requires no intervention, and closed biopsy is
      contraindicated: hepatic cavernous hemangioma. Whereas the list is expanding of
      normal and abnormal structures which can interfere with the interpretation of
      scintigraphic gastrointestinal bleeding studies accomplished with 99mTc-labeled
      erythrocytes, it is absolutely necessary to demonstrate intestinal transit of the
      activity, in order to discount detected activity in either nonhemorrhagic lesions
      or normal structures as the nidus of suspected bleeding.

PMID- 3873336
TI  - Spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage after coronary artery bypass surgery.
AB  - A patient had a spontaneous intracerebellar hemorrhage following coronary artery
      bypass surgery. His clinical course, characterized by headaches, gait ataxia, and
      then signs of brain stem compression, is emphasized. Following diagnosis by
      cranial computerized tomography, successful surgical decompression by
      suboccipital craniotomy was performed. Reports of neurologic complications,
      especially intracranial hemorrhage, following coronary artery bypass surgery, are
      reviewed. Possible pathophysiologic mechanisms for these problems, and the
      diagnosis and treatment of this previously undescribed complication of coronary
      artery bypass surgery are discussed.

PMID- 3873337
TI  - The large sialoglycoprotein of human lymphocytes. II. Biochemical features.
AB  - Large sialoglycoprotein of human lymphocytes (L-LSGP) from thymocytes and from
      peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of normal donor and of B chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia (CLL) patients was purified by affinity chromatography to Maclura
      pomifera agglutinin (MPA)-Sepharose followed by preparative sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). L-LSGP from the three
      different sources was very similar in amino acid composition. It contained a high
      proportion of acidic and hydroxy amino acids and also significant amounts of
      cysteine. No reduction in mobility in SDS-PAGE was noted for unreduced L-LSGP.
      The molecule may already in its native form have an extended conformation
      containing either free sulfhydryl groups or small S-S loops not affecting
      mobility in SDS-PAGE. L-LSGP was found to be highly glycosylated, the thymocyte
      glycoprotein containing somewhat less carbohydrate by weight (44%) than that of
      PBL (normal PBL 53% and B CLL 52%). This was due primarily to a lower content of
      sialic acid. The molecules contained mannose, galactose, N-acetyl galactosamine,
      N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid in molar ratios 1.0:3.0:1.1:1.2:1.3
      (thymocyte L-LSGP), 1.0:3.8:1.2:1.0:1.7 (PBL L-LSGP) and 1.0:3.5:2.2:1.3:2.8 (B
      CLL L-LSGP). The weak interaction of L-LSGP with lentil lectin, concanavalin A
      (Con A) and leucoagglutinin (La), its unchanged mobility in SDS-PAGE after
      tunicamycin treatment and its high amount of hydroxy amino acids suggest that
      most carbohydrate chains are O-glycosidically linked to the peptide chain. Native
      as well as Nase-treated L-LSGP show size microheterogeneity. This is probably due
      to small chemical differences in the L-LSGP molecules from different lymphocyte
      subsets.

PMID- 3873338
TI  - A clonal analysis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes displaying natural killer
      like activity.
AB  - Human Fc gamma receptor-bearing lymphocytes and T cells, prepared by sorting
      peripheral blood lymphocytes using the B73.1 monoclonal antibody, have been
      cloned by limiting dilution. Although quiescent lymphocytes of either cell type
      were unresponsive to interleukin 2 (IL 2), following induction with
      phytohemagglutinin and/or the BSM B lymphoblastoid cell line they could be
      expanded in IL 2 utilizing a mixed irradiated feeder system. Clones originating
      from B73.1+ lymphocytes displayed a characteristic large granular lymphocyte
      (LGL) morphology but were otherwise functionally and phenotypically
      heterogeneous. Of 36 clones analyzed 19 displayed significant natural killer (NK)
      like activity, each clone having a target cell repertoire identical to uncloned
      NK effectors. Furthermore, only a minority of clones (i.e. 5) displayed
      significant antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, while levels of lectin
      induced cellular cytotoxicity were normally commensurate with a clones level of
      NK-like activity. No correlation was evident between the phenotype of a clone and
      its cytotoxic activity since of 12 cytotoxic clones phenotyped, 8 expressed the
      OKT3 antigen but lacked the B73.1 antigen; 2 lacked the OKT3 antigen but
      expressed the B73.1 antigen and one lacked both OKT3 and B73.1 antigens. In
      addition the expression of OKT8 and OKT4 antigens was not in any way predictive
      of the cytotoxic capacity of a given clone. Several clones expressing T cell
      associated antigens bore a phenotype that distinguished them from T cell clones
      insofar as T cell subset antigens were expressed in the absence of the OKT3
      antigen and vice versa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3873339
TI  - In vivo self-reactivity of mononuclear cells to T cells and macrophages exposed
      to HgCl2.
AB  - Mercuric chloride induces in Brown-Norway rats a polyclonal activation of B cells
      resulting in a lymphoproliferation and in the production of autoantibodies.
      Experiments were performed to test the role of cells modified by HgCl2 in the
      induction of B cell proliferation by using the popliteal lymph node assay. Spleen
      cells, T cells and peritoneal macrophages exposed in vivo or in vitro to HgCl2
      induced a proliferation of T and B cells in the draining popliteal lymph node.
      Spleen cells from Lewis rats who received HgCl2 were ineffective. These data
      suggest that modified cells could trigger autologous lymphocyte subsets and be
      responsible for autoimmunity induced by HgCl2.

PMID- 3873340
TI  - The mitogenic lectin from Phaseolus vulgaris does not recognize the T3 antigen of
      human T lymphocytes.
AB  - Human peripheral blood T lymphocytes are stimulated to grow and divide by lectins
      such as concanavalin A (Con A) and Phaseolus vulgaris phytohemagglutinin (PHA),
      as well as a few anti-T cell monoclonal antibodies. The latter antibodies
      recognize the T3 antigen. It has been suggested previously that PHA and Con A
      mediate T cell growth by interacting with T3. However, as reported in this study,
      affinity chromatography on immobilized lectins, and immunoprecipitation by lectin
      plus anti-lectin antibodies showed that T3 binds Con A but not PHA. Fab fragments
      of a monoclonal antibody against T3 (namely Leu-4) inhibited T lymphocyte
      proliferation induced by T3 antibodies and Con A, but not by PHA. Nevertheless,
      co-capping experiments performed with fluorescein-labeled lectins and rhodamine
      labeled T3 antibodies showed that T3 co-caps with Con A and PHA receptors,
      although the co-capping with PHA was incomplete. Since the T cell receptor for
      antigen (Ti) has been shown to co-cap with T3 on the cell surface, we reasoned
      that PHA induced capping of the T3 antigen by interacting with Ti. A disulfide
      linked heterodimer comprising subunits of about 49 000 and 41 000 mol. wt. that
      resembled the Ti molecule was detected in PHA-anti-PHA immunoprecipitates of
      various surface- and biosynthetically-labeled T cells, by two-dimensional
      (nonreduced vs. reduced) sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoretic analysis. The results suggest that PHA triggers T lymphocytes by
      interacting with the carbohydrate moieties of Ti and imply that T lymphocytes can
      be stimulated by mitogens via at least two different cell surface molecules (Ti
      and T3).

PMID- 3873341
TI  - Genetic and stimulatory cell type requirements for inducing class I major
      histocompatibility complex alloantigen-specific in vivo cytotoxic T cell
      immunity.
AB  - Current interpretation based on analytical in vitro works that actions of Ia
      antigens and accessory cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells are crucial
      for inducing cytotoxic T cell responses to class I major histocompatibility
      complex (MHC) alloantigens has been challenged by experiments performed in a
      newly developed system handling in vivo cytotoxic T cell immunity. We first
      characterized the transplantation immunity for second-set rejection of ascitic
      tumor allografts as principally induced by allogeneic stimulator cells via direct
      pathway, and as exclusively mediated by class I MHC alloantigen-specific in vivo
      cytotoxic T cell activity. By comparison of activities of limiting effective
      doses (10(4)-10(5) cells per mouse) of various stimulator cells in this defined
      system, we could demonstrate that genetic disparity at the D region of H-2 to the
      recipient is just enough for inducing the immunity, and presence of allogeneic or
      syngeneic Ia antigens in addition to H-2D alloantigens on stimulator cells does
      not give any premium effect. Further study revealed that allogeneic peritoneal
      cells rich in macrophages or glass-adherent spleen cells enriched for dendritic
      cells are not stronger stimulators than allogeneic adherent cell-depleted spleen
      cells and semi-allogeneic thymocytes. These results fit with the alternative
      concept that the physiological pathway inducing in vivo cytotoxic T cell immunity
      for graft rejection entirely depends on class I MHC antigens on live lymphocytes
      as self-supported stimulators, and does not crucially involve additional
      stimulator activities of Ia antigens and special accessory cell types, which must
      be in vivo concerned with induction of other types of transplantation immunity.

PMID- 3873342
TI  - Structure of primary anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) antibodies in
      normal and idiotypically suppressed C57BL/6 mice.
AB  - Eight monoclonal antibodies from the primary response of C57BL/6 mice against the
      hapten (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) were isolated. The antibodies carry
      lambda 1 light chains and have similar affinities for the immunizing hapten.
      Sequence analysis at the level of mRNA reveals that all antibodies express the VH
      gene 186.2 and all but one the DFl 16.1 gene segment. The J segment of the heavy
      chain is JH2 in six cases and JH4 in two. Somatic point mutations are scarcely
      detectable in the antibodies, but there is extensive sequence variability at the
      boundaries of the D gene segment, mainly at its 5' end. However, seven of eight
      antibodies express tyrosine in position 99 of the heavy chain, encoded either by
      the 5' codon of DFl 16.1 or by presumed N sequences. In the former case, the
      tyrosine is the first of a stretch of three (positions 99-101). In the latter, a
      similar stretch (positions 99, 101, 102) is interrupted by aspartic acid,
      asparagine or cysteine in position 100. These variations profoundly affect
      idiotypic specificity. Six of the eight monoclonal antibodies came from mice
      neonatally suppressed by an anti-idiotope antibody whose target idiotope is
      regularly expressed in primary anti-NP responses and depends upon a non-germ-line
      encoded aspartic acid in position 100 of the heavy chain. The sequence data show
      that the mice circumvent suppression by expressing antibodies which lack this
      aspartic acid but are otherwise structurally very similar to anti-NP antibodies
      from normal animals. Since suppression in the animals is partly controlled by
      regulatory T cells, we conclude that these T cells are highly restricted in their
      specificity in that they preferentially see a determinant which also depends upon
      the aspartic acid in position 100. The data suggest that the VH to D boundary
      serves as a target of idiotypic selection.

PMID- 3873343
TI  - Dopamine receptor subtypes: in vivo biochemical evidence for functional
      interaction.
AB  - SKF 38393, a selective D-1 dopamine (DA) agonist, enhanced the ability of
      spiperone, a D-2 antagonist, to increase rat striatal DA metabolite
      concentrations. Conversely, SKF 38393 reduced the abilities of pergolide and LY
      171555, D-2 agonists, to decrease striatal DA metabolite concentrations. These
      findings are discussed in terms of a possible functional interaction between D-1
      and D-2 DA receptors.

PMID- 3873344
TI  - Effects of T cells and monocytes on globin chain synthesis in erythroid bursts
      cultured from human peripheral blood burst-forming units (BFU-e).
AB  - Globin chain synthesis was studied in mature erythroid bursts cultured from the
      peripheral blood null cells of 21 normal individuals. Although coculture of
      autologous T-lymphocytes with null cells resulted in a fivefold increase in the
      yield of erythroid bursts, the proportion of gamma chains synthesized
      (gamma/gamma + beta) was not significantly different from that seen without T
      cells. Coculture with autologous monocytes also resulted in increased burst
      forming unit (BFU-e) proliferation but the ratio gamma/gamma + beta (0.25 +/-
      0.03) was significantly higher than that seen with null cells alone (0.08 +/-
      0.006) or with T cells (0.10 +/- 0.008). The relative increase in gamma-chain
      synthesis correlated with the severity of megaloblastic changes in erythroid
      progeny of BFU-e (P less than 0.01) but showed no significant relationship to the
      extent of colony maturation assessed by erythroblast maturity.

PMID- 3873346
TI  - Characterization of factor-producing and factor-dependent clones from long-term
      hamster bone marrow suspension cultures.
AB  - Long-term hamster bone marrow (BM) cultures produce stem cells that can be grown
      in the absence of an adherent layer and without addition of exogenous growth
      factors or hormones. Cloning of these three- to five-month-old suspension
      cultures by the limiting dilution method generated both factor-dependent (FD) and
      factor-producing (FP) cell lines. The FP clones have been in culture for two
      years and are composed of macrophages by morphologic and histochemical criteria.
      FP serum-free conditioned medium (FPCM) produces both stimulatory and inhibitory
      effects on hematopoiesis. Addition of 1%-5% FPCM to fresh or cultured hamster BM
      cells stimulates both CFU-C and erythropoietin (epo)-dependent BFU-E colony
      formation but not CFU-GEMM in semisolid media, as well as increased numbers of
      differentiating myeloid and erythroid cells in suspension. In contrast, addition
      of 10%-15% FPCM produces substantial inhibition of epo-stimulated erythropoiesis.
      FD cells have been in culture for over 12 months. They exhibit an absolute
      requirement for the continued presence of 5% hamster spleen conditioned medium
      (SCM). The clones generate varying numbers of "blast" cells, myeloid and
      macrophage elements, and occasional mastlike cells. Addition of increasing
      amounts of SCM produces a dose-dependent proliferation and differentiation of FD
      cells and also stimulates CFU-C but not BFU-E or CFU-GEMM colony formation. FD
      cells will also respond to FPCM, but concomitant addition of SCM and FPCM
      generates four times more cells than either CM alone. These results suggest that
      the hamster suspension cultures contain both stem cells and distinct regulatory
      cells that stimulate the growth and differentiation of myelopoiesis.

PMID- 3873345
TI  - A randomized trial of antihuman thymocyte globulin versus murine monoclonal
      antihuman T-cell antibodies as immunosuppressive therapy for aplastic anemia.
AB  - A prospective randomized trial was undertaken to compare the efficacy and
      toxicity of murine antihunman T-cell monoclonal antibody (mcAb) therapy to that
      of horse antihuman thymocyte globulin (ATG) in the treatment of severe aplastic
      anemia (AA). Patients were randomized into one of the two treatment groups as
      well as to receive or not receive androgens. Median duration of aplasia prior to
      treatment was 1.5 and 2.2 months for the mcAb and ATG groups, respectively. One
      of 12 patients who received mcAb therapy had a partial response, whereas four of
      13 patients receiving ATG had a complete or partial response. Of the 11 patients
      who failed mcAb treatment, six were subsequently treated with ATG and two
      improved. Ten of 13 patients who received ATG are surviving compared with seven
      of 12 patients who received mcAb. Toxicity of mcAb therapy was less than that of
      ATG. Future studies are needed to determine whether mcAbs known to be
      immunosuppressive are of benefit as therapy for patients with AA.

PMID- 3873347
TI  - Possible role of gangliosides in the interaction of colony-stimulating factor
      with granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells.
AB  - Our previous studies have shown that preincubation of murine bone marrow (BM)
      cells with cholera toxin (CT) or with its B subunit inhibited their
      responsiveness to colony-stimulating factor (CSF). Because ganglioside GM1 is a
      component of the CT receptor, the present study was undertaken to determine
      whether gangliosides interact with CSF and therefore might play a role in the
      binding sites for CSF. Preincubation of CSF with increasing concentrations of
      bovine-brain mixed gangliosides resulted in decreased numbers of colonies of BM
      derived granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-C) in soft agar. The
      inhibitory effect of the gangliosides could be reduced by increasing the
      concentrations of CSF. Evidence for direct binding of CSF to gangliosides was
      obtained by affinity chromatography of CSF on gangliosides-sepharose beads. CSF
      activity was retained on the beads and could be eluted with 6 M guanidine HCl.
      Four different individual gangliosides (GM1, GM2, GD1a, GT1b) were tested for
      their inhibitory effect on CSF-induced clonal growth of CFU-C. GM1 was the most
      effective with a 50% inhibition (I50) of clonal growth at a concentration of 15
      microM. while the other three gangliosides had slight inhibitory activity (I50 at
      a concentration greater than 100 microM). In addition, preincubation of BM cells
      with rabbit anti-GM1 antibodies before addition of CSF reduced the clonal growth
      of CFU-C to 45%. These data indicate that GM1 interacts with CSF and suggest that
      gangliosides may play a role in the interaction of CSF with CFU-C and that the
      binding site for CSF on the surface of these cells might either consist of or
      contain this ganglioside.

PMID- 3873348
TI  - Effects of the motheaten gene on murine B-cell production.
AB  - The rapidly fatal autoimmune disease in the mutant mouse known as motheaten is
      caused by an autosomal recessive gene and is characterized by
      hypergammaglobulinemia and autoantibody production, among other defects. The
      cellular kinetics of B-cell maturation were investigated in three-week-old
      motheaten mice and their normal littermates to determine whether any abnormality
      in cell production of the B lineage could be correlated with B-cell
      hyperactivity. The production rates and renewal times of newly produced bone
      marrow, splenic small B-lymphocytes, and splenic plasma cells were examined by in
      vivo tritiated-thymidine administration using a pulse-chase protocol and
      radioautography of immunofluorescence-stained cells. Because small B-lymphocytes
      in both organs were produced at comparable rates in the mutant mice and in their
      normal littermates, primary B-cell production was unaffected in the mutant mice.
      In contrast, splenic plasma cells were produced 10-30 times faster in motheaten
      mice than in normal mice. The enhanced rate of plasma cell production in
      motheaten mice could be correlated with a concurrent increased loss of labeled
      large B-lymphocytes, presumably rapidly dividing activated B cells. Thus, the
      excessive antibody production in motheaten mice may be reflected by the increased
      plasma cell production.

PMID- 3873349
TI  - Elaboration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by human tumor
      cell lines and normal urothelium.
AB  - A total of 72 cell conditioned media (CCM) were screened for their ability to
      stimulate colony formation by human granulopoietic progenitor cells. Granulocyte
      macrophage (GM) colony-stimulating factor(s) (CSF) were found in CCM of nine
      tumor cell lines, two primary urinary bladder tumors, and three epithelial cell
      cultures of normal urinary tract. The most active medium came from urinary
      bladder carcinoma cell line 5637. CSF released by the 5637 cell line induced dose
      dependent GM colony formation from human fetal, normal adult, and CML bone marrow
      (BM) and from mouse BM. Human fetal and normal adult BM formed more colonies when
      stimulated with 5637 CCM than with peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) feeder
      layers, while CML BM produced more colonies with PBL feeder layers. CCM from 5637
      was more active in stimulating GM colony formation than human placenta
      conditioned medium (PCM) and PHA-LCM. 5637 CCM produced in serum-free hormone
      supplemented medium was nearly equipotent and can serve as suitable starting
      material for purification.

PMID- 3873350
TI  - Visual-vestibular interaction studied with stroboscopically illuminated visual
      patterns.
AB  - Horizontal DC-electrooculograms were recorded in subjects rotating on a
      horizontal turntable sinusoidally at 0.1 Hz and 35 to 40 degrees amplitude. The
      subjects either fixated a stroboscopically illuminated vertically striped pattern
      (1.15 to 3.45 degrees period) rotating with the turntable or initiated Sigma-OKN
      before the rotation began and tried to maintain Sigma-OKN during rotation. In a
      third paradigm, interaction of vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and Phi-OKN was
      studied. VOR-suppression by fixation was complete within the limits of EOG
      recording precision (+/- 1 degree X s-1) for flash frequencies fs greater than 10
      flashes X s-1. VOR-suppression decreased monotonically with fs between 10 and 1
      flashes X s-1. A similar dependency on fs was found for VOR-suppression during
      Sigma- or Phi-OKN. Above 10 flashes X s-1 VOR-suppression remained incomplete;
      below 5 flashes X s-1 VOR-suppression was stronger with the Sigma-OKN paradigm
      than during fixation and depended on spatial frequency of the pattern. During
      sinewave rotation of the subject the perceived speed Vp of Sigma-movement
      correlated to the movement of gaze in space and not to the movement of the eye in
      head. In a control experiment with normal optokinetic stimulation, OKN
      suppression by fixating a small flashing target was found to depend on fs in a
      similar way as VOR-suppression in the experiments described above.

PMID- 3873351
TI  - Posture-correlated responses to vestibular polarization in vermal versus
      intermediate posterior cerebellar cortex.
AB  - Cerebellar lesion experiments have led to the concept that the medial
      longitudinal zone controls postural tone while the intermediate zone controls
      discrete movement. This study is a test of the hypothesis that, of the two zones,
      the medial zone is more closely linked to the resting discharge of vestibular
      afferent fibers, a prime source of neural tonus underlying the tonus of posture.
      Unilateral polarizations of the vestibular apparatus via the round window in
      awake, unrestrained guinea pigs caused step changes of postural attitude, the
      direction of which was polarity dependent. In anesthetized animals, these
      currents caused nonadapting step changes, or posture-correlated responses in the
      level of resting discharge in vestibular primary afferent fibers. In the medial
      and the intermediate cerebellar cortices of the posterior lobe, the proportion of
      step-like responses was similar, in contradiction to the hypothesis. This
      suggests that the cerebellar computations for controlling both postural tonus and
      discrete movements require information about vestibular tonus in terms of simple
      spike activity.

PMID- 3873352
TI  - Natural killer-like activity in human cultured lymphoid cells propagated in the
      presence of interleukin-2: acquired resistance to prostaglandin E2- or
      dexamethasone-mediated suppression.
AB  - The cytotoxic activity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes against the natural
      killer-sensitive target K562 was suppressed both by prostaglandin E2 and
      dexamethasone. On the other hand, cultured lymphoid cells propagated in the
      presence of interleukin-2 showed strong cytotoxic reactivity against K562
      targets, and were resistant to prostaglandin E2- or dexamethasone-mediated
      suppression.

PMID- 3873353
TI  - [Effect of prodigiozan and pyrogenal on the neural regulation of the frog heart].
AB  - The action of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (pyrogenal and prodigiosan) on
      nervous regulation of the frog heart was studied. Both the substances provoked a
      considerable increase in the arrest of spontaneous contractility of the atria
      during stimulation of the extracardial nerves. This effect did not occur after
      atropine administration, but became manifest during the benzohexonium-induced
      blockade of conduction in the intracardiac ganglia. The bacterial
      lipopolysaccharides did not alter acetylcholinesterase activity or myocardial
      sensitivity to acetylcholine. It is assumed that variation of the nervous
      regulation of the heart under the effect of prodigiosan and pyrogenal is
      determined by the effect of these substances on the transmitter release from the
      presynaptic endings of the extracardial ganglia.

PMID- 3873354
TI  - [Synthesis and pharmacologic activity of derivatives of 3-aminopropiophenone and
      3-aminomethylcamphor].
AB  - As a part of a research on analgesic compounds 0-(4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl-3
      aminopropiophenone oximes, 0-(4-methoxyphenyl)-carbamoyl-3-aminomethylcamphor
      oximes and 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)semicarbazones of 3-aminopropiophenones were
      prepared. The analgesic activity of these compounds was tested and the results of
      pharmacological screening are discussed.

PMID- 3873355
TI  - Hydrodynamic studies of a DNA-protein complex. Dimensions of the complex of
      single-stranded 145 base DNA with gene 32 protein of phage T4 deduced from quasi
      elastic light scattering.
AB  - The translational diffusion coefficient of the saturated complex of single
      stranded 145 base DNA and the helix-destabilizing protein of phage T4, GP32, can
      be measured at equilibrium by means of quasi-elastic light scattering. If the
      complex is considered as a rigid rod one can estimate its dimensions by combining
      the translational diffusion coefficient with earlier data on rotational
      diffusion. It was found that the average base-base distance of the 145 base DNA
      in the complex is between 4.3 and 4.7 A, while the diameter of the complex is
      between 44 and 68 A. This suggests that the conformation of the complex must be
      such that a large amount of water is trapped.

PMID- 3873356
TI  - Hydralazine binds covalently to complement component C4. Different reactivity of
      C4A and C4B gene products.
AB  - Long-term treatment with hydralazine is sometimes associated with deposition of
      immune complexes and development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as an
      adverse side-effect. Hydralazine inhibits the covalent binding reaction of the
      complement protein C4. We show that when hydralazine inhibits C4, it becomes
      covalently bound to the polypeptide chain containing the active site thiol ester.
      C4 is encoded at 2 adjacent polymorphic loci, C4A and C4B, within the major
      histocompatibility complex. We show that hydralazine binds more efficiently to
      the C4A than to the C4B gene product and suggest that C4 type may predispose
      patients to hydralazine-induced SLE.

PMID- 3873357
TI  - C1q binding to mitochondria: a possible artefact?
AB  - Mitochondrial preparations, obtained from human tonsils and from rat spleen,
      liver, heart, and kidney tissues, bound [125I]C1q with affinities of 10(7)-10(8)M
      1. The binding of C1q was not affected by treatment of the mitochondrial
      preparations with pronase, trypsin, or phospholipase D, but it was lowered 5-6
      fold following treatment of the mitochondria with DNase and RNase. Binding of C1q
      to mitochondrial preparations was also greatly diminished by limited chemical
      modification of C1q with cyclohexane-1,2-dione. It is suggested that the reported
      binding of C1q to mitochondria may have arisen from the protein binding to DNA
      and/or RNA contaminating the mitochondrial preparations.

PMID- 3873358
TI  - Sequence similarity between epidermal growth factor precursor and atrial
      natriuretic factor precursor.
AB  - Computer-assisted analysis for homology of the EGF precursor revealed the
      presence of two large duplication units, each comprising 5 non-EGF-like
      homologous segments each of about 40 residues length and 3 or 4 EGF-like
      segments. The amino acid sequences of the non-EGF-like repeats were subjected to
      search for homology with 2600 known protein sequences compiled in our database.
      An unexpected but statistically significant homology has been found, when
      compared with the atrial natriuretic factor precursor. The functional and
      evolutionary implications of the homology observed between the two different
      precursors are also discussed.

PMID- 3873359
TI  - GTP enhances inositol trisphosphate-stimulated Ca2+ release from rat liver
      microsomes.
AB  - Low concentrations of GTP (10-50 microM) greatly enhance the inositol 1,4,5
      trisphosphate stimulated Ca2+ release from rat liver microsomal vesicles. The
      effect of GTP depends on the presence of low concentrations of polyethylene
      glycol in the incubation medium. Guanylyl imidodiphosphate is ineffective at
      mimicking the GTP effect and inhibits the action of GTP added subsequently.

PMID- 3873360
TI  - A calorimetric study of Ca2+ binding to two major isotypes of bullfrog
      parvalbumin.
AB  - Microcalorimetric titrations of the two major isotypes of parvalbumin (PA1 and
      PA2) from bullfrog skeletal muscle with Ca2+ in the presence and absence of Mg2+
      have been carried out at 25 degrees C and pH 7.0. The observed enthalpy titration
      curves were analyzed by the least-squares method. The measured enthalpy changes
      (delta H) of Ca2+ binding are -33.2 (PA1) and -16.3 kJ/mol site (PA2), and the
      entropy changes (delta S) are 28 (PA1) and 76 j/mol per K (PA2) in the absence of
      Mg2+. When 5 mM Mg2+ is present, the enthalpy change of PA2 (-26.7 kJ/mol) is
      about twice as large as that in the absence of Mg2+, whereas that of PA1 (-34.6
      kJ/mol) is about the same. The entropy changes are 8 (PA1) and 29 J/mol per K
      (PA2). Both enthalpy and entropy changes are favorable for the Ca2+-binding
      reactions of PA1 and PA2 irrespective of the presence of Mg2+.

PMID- 3873361
TI  - Inositol trisphosphate does not release Ca2+ from permeabilized cardiac myocytes
      and sarcoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - The possibility that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) may act as a Ca2+
      mobilizing second messenger in cardiac muscle in a manner analogous to its
      actions in other cell types has been examined using saponin-permeabilized
      myocytes and isolated cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. Myocytes permeabilized in
      the presence of MgATP2- sequestered Ca2+ to a level of about 200 nM, similar to
      the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration of intact cells, but addition of IP3 was
      ineffective in causing Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Similarly, IP3 (up
      to 50 microM) was unable to inhibit Ca2+ uptake or cause Ca2+ release from
      isolated canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles in the presence of either
      EGTA or sodium vanadate. These results indicate that IP3 is unlikely to mediate
      mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ stores in myocardial cells.

PMID- 3873362
TI  - [Tuberculin diagnosis].

PMID- 3873363
TI  - [Positive chronotropic and inotropic effects of stimulation of the vagus nerve
      centers in the frog heart].
AB  - In frogs, positive inotropic effects are transmitted catecholaminergically as
      they have been blocked with propranolol but not with atropine. Positive
      chronotropic effects were in some experiments blocked with atropine and not with
      propranolol (a "cholinergic type" of of positive chronotropic effect), the
      opposite occurred in other experiments (an "adrenergic type"). The cholinergic
      positive chronotropic effects were observed with the initial slow heart rate and
      were accompanied by negative inotropic effects; the chronotropic effect itself
      appeared suddenly (with no gradual acceleration of heart rate) and disappeared
      just as suddenly. The adrenergic effects, on the contrary, were observed with the
      initial rapid heart rate; they were accompanied by positive inotropic effects and
      developed and disappeared gradually.

PMID- 3873364
TI  - [Slow P III component of the electroretinogram resulting from the interaction of
      photoreceptors and cells of Muller in the retina].
AB  - Simultaneously recorded slow PIII (sPIII) and the late receptor potential of the
      frog isolated aspartate-treated retina were studied under different intensity and
      duration of light stimuli. The earlier suggested model of the sPIII generation in
      Muller's cells showed that the sPIII kinetic had to be the same as the light
      photo-receptor-induced decrease in the extracellular potassium ions
      concentration. There were some differences between the real sPIII time-course and
      the theoretical one within the photopic range that were, probably, due to
      infringement of interrelationships proposed by Matsuura et al. for potassium
      fluxes through the photoreceptor membrane.

PMID- 3873365
TI  - Characteristic biochemical differences in human T and B lymphocytes separated on
      nylon wool.
AB  - T and B lymphocytes from human tonsils were separated on a nylon wool column. T.
      cells are enriched in the nonadherent, B cells in the adherent fraction. Several
      enzymes and other markers were tested in separated and non separated lymphocyte
      populations. Certain enzymes and other properties can be used as T or B
      lymphocyte markers because of their preferential occurrence and because of the
      advantages of their estimation (simple, quick methods, objective evaluation). The
      following characteristics were considered as markers on the basis of our results:
      (I) acid phosphatase, Na+-K+-activated ATPase, BAEE-peptidase and chromium
      labeling in T lymphocytes; (II) 5'-nucleotidase, FITC-IgG binding, N-acetyl-D
      glucosaminidase, thymidine and valine incorporation in B lymphocytes.

PMID- 3873366
TI  - Opposite regulation of pro-opiomelanocortin gene transcription by glucocorticoids
      and CRH.
AB  - Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is the pituitary precursor for adrenocorticotropin
      (ACTH), beta-endorphin, beta-lipotropin and the melanotropins. The level of ACTH
      secretion from the anterior pituitary is largely determined by the competing
      action of the stimulatory hypothalamic hormone, corticoliberin (corticotropin
      releasing hormone, CRH), and the inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids. We now
      demonstrate that these two hormones, glucocorticoids and CRH, also inhibit and
      stimulate, respectively, the transcription rate of the POMC gene as measured by
      nuclear run-on transcription assays. Indeed, we show both by in vivo treatment
      and with rat anterior pituitary cells in primary culture that glucocorticoids
      inhibit within 30 min transcription of the POMC gene. Similarly, we find that CRH
      stimulates POMC gene transcription within 15 min. CRH and glucocorticoids can
      compete with each other to set the rate of POMC transcription. Our results
      indicate that CRH and glucocorticoids regulate anterior pituitary POMC gene
      transcription in addition to their well-documented role in the control of POMC
      peptide release.

PMID- 3873367
TI  - Hemopoietic differentiation potential of cultured lateral plate mesoderm
      explanted from Rana pipiens embryos at successive developmental stages.
AB  - Ventral blood island mesoderm and dorsal lateral plate mesoderm were removed from
      Rana pipiens embryos at successive developmental stages (stages 13-19; 50-118 h)
      and cultured as individual explants in serum-free medium. After 5-7 days, the
      cultures were harvested, and differential counts were made of Wright-Giemsa
      stained cells. Ventral blood island explants gave rise to cells of the myeloid
      lineage, suggesting that ventral blood island mesoderm was committed to
      hemopoiesis at the time of explant. Although erythrocytes were present in the
      cultures, granulocytes and monocyte/macrophages predominated. This
      differentiation profile occurred without the addition of any exogenous humoral
      factors. Monocyte/macrophages and immature precursor cells exhibited recurring
      inverse fluctuations with respect to one another. In all cases examined, cultures
      of dorsal lateral plate mesoderm showed marginal hemopoietic cell
      differentiation, suggesting a requirement for exogenous humoral factors and/or
      cell-cell interactions. When viewed in the context of previous studies from our
      laboratory, these results demonstrate that, in the amphibian embryo, there are
      two sources of hemopoietic stem cells separated both in space and time.

PMID- 3873368
TI  - [Neurostimulation: an instrument for research and therapy].

PMID- 3873369
TI  - [Marion's calibrated latero-lateral portacaval anastomosis: a truncular shunt
      maintaining hepatopetal portal blood flow?].
AB  - The authors report the hemodynamic study of 22 cases of calibrated side-to-side
      portacaval shunts performed in patients with liver cirrhosis. In all patients,
      hepatopetal portal blood flow was present before the operation. According to the
      data obtained by scintiangiography and angiography, hepatopetal portal flow was
      maintained in 70 p. 100 of the patients immediately after the operation. After
      one year there was a discrepancy between the results of scintiangiography and
      those of conventional angiography: while portal flow seemed to be hepatopetal on
      the scintigraphy in 11 of controlled patients, it decreased or disappeared on the
      angiography in 6 other controlled patients. These results are comparable to those
      of selective shunts and suggest that the calibrated side-to-side portacaval shunt
      is a valuable procedure in maintaining hepatopetal portal flow. A controlled
      trial would be useful to assess the place of this operation in the treatment of
      portal hypertension due to cirrhosis.

PMID- 3873370
TI  - Degradative intracellular transport of antisecretory component in cultured
      hepatocytes. An alternate pathway for the immunoglobulin A receptor.
AB  - The liver efficiently transports dimeric immunoglobulin A (dIgA) from blood to
      bile in a direct, nonlysosomal pathway involving smooth-surfaced vesicles.
      Secretory component (SC), the plasma membrane receptor for dIgA, is released into
      bile still bound to its ligand by disulfide bridges. Rabbit IgG antirat SC binds
      specifically to plasma membrane SC, yet the biliary secretion of anti-SC is
      markedly lower than that of dIgA, suggesting that the IgG antibodies utilize an
      alternate transhepatocellular pathway. Uptake of commercially available antihuman
      SC conjugated to horseradish peroxidase was examined by quantitative electron
      microscopic immunocytochemistry using primary rat hepatocyte monolayer cultures.
      Coincubation with human polymeric IgA, rabbit antiserum to rat SC, free human SC,
      human secretory IgA, and rat bile, all significantly suppressed uptake of anti-SC
      horseradish peroxidase, thus demonstrating the specificity of the labeled
      antibody. Coated vesicles accounted for greater than 70% of the total uptake of
      either the anti-SC-horseradish peroxidase preparation or colloidal gold-labeled
      IgG antirat SC. Both compounds could also be observed in other structures
      associated with the degradative pathway, i.e., multivesicular bodies and
      lysosomes. Moreover, the extent to which 125I-anti-SC was degraded was
      significantly greater than that of 125I-dIgA. These data demonstrate that dIgA
      and anti-SC utilize different intracellular pathways, with anti-SC undergoing
      lysosomal degradation.

PMID- 3873372
TI  - Effects of aspirin and an aspirin-acetaminophen combination on the gastric mucosa
      in normal subjects. A double-blind endoscopic study.
AB  - Coadministration or preadministration of acetaminophen with aspirin affords
      partial protection against aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury in animals.
      Recently, it was reported that preadministration of acetaminophen in humans
      yielded similar protection. That study used pylorus occlusion, intravenous
      atropine, and exogenous acid, and thus may not have mimicked the usual clinical
      situation. We studied a clinical regimen, in 7 normal volunteers. We
      coadministered acetaminophen (1.95 or 2.6 g/day) and aspirin (in a 1:1 ratio) and
      used gastroscopy to evaluate if there was gastric mucosal protection. Aspirin
      alone was used as a positive control. We found the expected significant increase
      in mucosal damage associated with increasing aspirin dose (p less than 0.05)
      comparing the lowest and highest aspirin doses (1.95 g vs. 3.9 g) after 7 days of
      continuous therapy. There was no difference in the degree of mucosal injury when
      receiving the same dose of aspirin (p = 0.38) whether or not acetaminophen was
      administered in a dose equal to that of aspirin. Thus, in a more normal clinical
      situation, we were unable to confirm the findings from the pylorus-occluded
      model, i.e., we failed to identify either a beneficial effect, or a trend, for
      protection from gross mucosal damage by the coadministration of acetaminophen and
      aspirin in equal dosages.

PMID- 3873371
TI  - Defective generation of tetanus-specific antibody-producing B cells after in vivo
      immunization of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients.
AB  - In vivo booster immunization with tetanus toxoid normally results in the temporal
      development of circulating populations of B cells that secrete antibody after in
      vitro culture. In assessing the humoral immunoregulatory status in patients with
      inflammatory bowel disease, we found that the antibody production by the B cells
      that spontaneously secrete tetanus-specific immunoglobulin G in vitro, and which
      occur in the circulation 7 days postimmunization, was highly variable and below
      normal in the majority of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients. The
      decreased in vitro antibody responses correlated with the lack of an increase in
      the serum antitetanus immunoglobulin G titers, but did not correlate with disease
      activity, location, or steroid therapy. The majority of patients who did not
      produce an immunoglobulin G-antitetanus toxoid antibody response similarly failed
      to produce an immunoglobulin G-antidiphtheria antibody response after
      immunization. Lymphocytes from the patients who failed to produce normal levels
      of antitetanus toxoid antibody did, however, proliferate normally when stimulated
      by tetanus toxoid in vitro. These results suggest there are in vivo humoral
      immune defects in inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 3873373
TI  - Gastric mucosal blood flow in rats after administration of 16,16-dimethyl
      prostaglandin E2 at a cytoprotective dose.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the gastric
      cytoprotective effect of a prostaglandin such as 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin
      (dmPGE2) is mediated by an increase in mucosal blood flow. Gastric mucosal blood
      flow was measured in urethane-anesthetized rats by the hydrogen gas clearance
      technique. In control rats given no ethanol, intragastric administration of
      dmPGE2 (10 micrograms/kg body wt) produced a significant reduction (15.3%) in
      gastric mucosal blood flow 30 min after treatment. This dose of dmPGE2
      significantly reduced the formation of the gross gastric lesions produced by
      absolute ethanol in anesthetized rats. In vehicle-pretreated animals, blood flow
      was invariably absent in the ethanol-induced mucosal lesion areas. In the
      nonlesion areas, gastric mucosal blood flow was the same in prostaglandin
      pretreated and vehicle-pretreated animals as in control (no ethanol) rats. Thus,
      although dmPGE2 pretreatment protected against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal
      injury and prevented the accompanying blood flow stasis, it did not do this by an
      increase in gastric mucosal blood flow. The protection also is not due to a
      decrease in flow because, in separate groups of anesthetized rats, a 15%
      reduction in gastric mucosal blood flow induced by either hemorrhage or
      intravenous vasopressin did not protect the gastric mucosa against absolute
      ethanol-induced injury. Whether the maintenance of gastric mucosal blood flow is
      a primary or secondary effect of prostaglandin cytoprotection remains to be
      determined.

PMID- 3873375
TI  - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage associated with chronic mesenteric venous occlusion.
AB  - Chronic mesenteric venous thrombosis without involvement of the splenic or portal
      veins may lead to gastrointestinal hemorrhage from mesenteric varices. Three
      cases are presented in this report; 1 patient died secondary to blood loss and 2
      patients have experienced a benign clinical course. The presentation, methods of
      diagnosis, and therapeutic options for this disorder are described.

PMID- 3873374
TI  - Bullous esophageal lesions due to cotrimoxazole: an immune-mediated process?
AB  - A 78-yr-old man experienced a generalized bullous eruption of the skin (a Stevens
      Johnson variant of erythema multiforme) with simultaneous involvement of the
      esophagus due to co-trimoxazole. Immunologic tests revealed specific antibodies
      of the immunoglobulin G class but not of the immunoglobulin E class against
      sulfamethoxazole, and in particular against trimethoprim. Lymphocyte
      transformation tests demonstrated sensitized lymphocytes against trimethoprim but
      not sulfamethoxazole. The esophageal mucosa showed intraepithelial vesicle
      formation with diffuse cytoplasmic deposits of immunoglobulin G. This adverse
      drug reaction involving both the skin and the esophagus appears to be immune
      mediated.

PMID- 3873376
TI  - Colonic varices: an often unrecognized cause of rectal bleeding.

PMID- 3873377
TI  - [B-cell lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma in a patient].

PMID- 3873378
TI  - Lower plasma levels of some gastrointestinal peptides in Raynaud's disease.
      Influence of transcutaneous nerve stimulation.
AB  - In a previous study it was shown that Raynaud patients during ischemic attacks
      displayed significantly lower levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptides (VIP)
      in cubital vein plasma than did normal subjects in the same relatively cold
      environments. Low-frequency transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS), producing
      widespread cutaneous vasodilatation, was associated with a 30-35% increase in
      plasma VIP in both groups. In the present study parallel observations were made
      in some of the same subjects under the same experimental conditions with regard
      to six other gastrointestinal peptides: somatostatin, motilin, pancreatic
      polypeptide (PP), secretin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and
      cholecystokinin (CCK), determined radioimmunochemically. Except for CCK, the mean
      plasma levels of all these gut peptides were similarly lower in the Raynaud
      patients than in the normal subjects in cold environments. However, TNS did not
      induce significant increases in the plasma levels of any of these 6 peptides.
      These findings appear to place VIP in a different functional category than the
      other gut peptides.

PMID- 3873379
TI  - Comparative studies of cardiovascular effects of a new dopamine agonist (SK&F
      38393A) and dopamine.
AB  - SK&F 38393A (DAA) dose-dependently decreased the contractility of isolated frog
      hearts with an ED50 of 6.60 +/- 0.28 X 10(-5) M, while, dopamine (DA) elicited a
      dose-dependent increase in the contractility of the preparation with an ED50 of
      5.13 +/- 0.36 X 10(-5) M. The results of in situ investigation, using cardiac
      output as the index of cardiac contractility, were in agreement with the in vitro
      results. Haloperidol (10(-6) M), a dopaminergic receptor blocker, did not block
      the cardiovascular effects of DAA and DA. However, propranolol (10(-8) M), a beta
      adrenergic receptor blocker, prevented the positive inotropic effects of DA but
      had no effects on the negative inotropic effects of DAA. The results suggest that
      DAA might be acting on this preparation through a mechanism which is probably not
      associated with beta-adrenergic and/or dopaminergic receptors.

PMID- 3873380
TI  - Changes in hormone levels in relation to breeding behavior in male bullfrogs
      (Rana catesbeiana) at the individual and population levels.
AB  - Fluctuations in plasma androgen (testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone),
      corticosterone (B), and luteinizing hormone (LH) of male bullfrogs in central
      California were measured during the spring mating season. Androgen and LH levels
      generally increased in the population prior to the initiation of chorusing and
      establishment of territories, whereas plasma B peaked in a 2-week period at the
      start of heavy chorusing; this coincided with a transitory, 1 week decline in
      androgen. Individual males showed fluctuations in plasma androgen and LH levels
      throughout the breeding season, often within 1 day, but there was no clear
      correlation between changes in the two hormones. No time of day effect was
      apparent on any of the hormones. B and androgen levels were significantly but
      weakly correlated, (r = 0.35) but LH and androgen were not. Although the seasonal
      trend of increasing androgen corresponded with the start of intense chorusing
      (and presumably sexual activity) by the population, behavior of individuals and
      their circulating androgen levels did not correlate. After acquiring territories,
      males showed no overall trend of increased plasma androgen. Moreover, males that
      showed no vocal or territorial behavior had significantly higher androgen and
      lower B levels than calling males. Increased B levels suggest that territorial
      behavior and especially direct agonistic encounters represent stresses that could
      have an inhibitory effect on androgen secretion.

PMID- 3873381
TI  - Electrohydrothermoprobe--a simple alternative to laser therapy in the management
      of acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage.
AB  - One hundred and twenty six consecutive patients presenting with upper alimentary
      bleeding were endoscoped. Seventeen gastric and 11 duodenal lesions with visible
      blood vessels were identified and cauterised with the electrohydrothermoprobe.
      One gastric and four duodenal vessels rebled, necessitating surgery. For the
      gastric vessels this represents about one tenth of the expected rebleeding rate,
      and is a significant reduction. The technique appears to have no effect on the
      rebleeding rate in duodenal vessels.

PMID- 3873382
TI  - Conservative treatment of gastrointestinal haemorrhage.
AB  - The Gastroenterology Unit of the Royal Newcastle Hospital treats all acute
      bleeders in the hospital and has followed a policy of conservative blood
      transfusion and early surgery directed to gastric ulcer upon rebleeding. A
      prospective study of 201 consecutive episodes is presented and compared with
      recent series treated more conventionally. Our patients were transfused less, and
      operated upon less often with a lower mortality rate in those with chronic peptic
      ulcers. The data suggest that a reversion to the less aggressive treatment
      policies of several decades ago, combined with early limited surgery directed to
      endoscopically proven gastric ulcer is worthy of trial.

PMID- 3873383
TI  - Serum PABA test in chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 3873384
TI  - [Rheumatoid antinuclear factors in the absence of rheumatic disease].

PMID- 3873385
TI  - [Preoperative endovascular embolization with homologous fibrin].

PMID- 3873386
TI  - Osteocalcin in normal adult humans of different sex and age.

PMID- 3873387
TI  - The immunologic diagnosis of chronic active "autoimmune" hepatitis: distinction
      from systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - We have evaluated the immunologic characteristics often associated with systemic
      lupus erythematosus in a series of patients with a variety of different liver
      diseases. Antibody to double-stranded DNA as measured by the Farr assay was
      detected frequently in patients with various forms of liver disease. No patient
      with liver disease, including those with a presumed immunologic etiology, was
      found to have antibody to double-stranded DNA using more specific assays. Other
      immunologic phenomena such as the presence of immunofluorescent staining at the
      dermal-epidermal junction in the lupus band test, circulating immune complexes
      and the presence of antinuclear antibody were present in a number of patients
      with different forms of liver disease. The absence of antibody to double-stranded
      DNA in patients with liver disease suggests that there may be a true immunologic
      distinction between systemic lupus erythematosus and chronic active ("lupoid")
      hepatitis.

PMID- 3873388
TI  - Portal pressure, presence of gastroesophageal varices and variceal bleeding.
AB  - This study was performed to examine the relationships between portal pressure
      measurements and the presence of esophagogastric varices, the size of varices and
      the occurrence of hemorrhage from varices in 93 patients with alcoholic
      cirrhosis, using standardized measurements of portal pressure by hepatic vein
      catheterization. The mean hepatic vein pressure gradient (HVPG) was significantly
      higher in 49 patients who had bled from varices than in 44 cirrhotic patients who
      had not (20.4 +/- 5.1 vs. 16.0 +/- 5.2; p less than 0.001). None of the 49
      patients who had bled from varices had an HVPG less than 12 mm Hg. Among the 87
      patients who had been examined by endoscopy for varices, all 72 with varices had
      an HVPG greater than 12 mm Hg. Six of 15 cirrhotic patients without varices had
      HVPG less than 12 mm Hg. The mean HVPG in the 15 patients without varices (15.1
      +/- 6.8 mm Hg) was lower than the 72 patients with varices (19.3 +/- 4.8 mm Hg; p
      less than 0.01). Of the 72 patients with varices, 40 had large varices, 28 had
      small varices, and in four patients variceal size could not be assessed
      adequately. The mean HVPG was similar in the patients with large or small varices
      (19.8 +/- 4.8 vs. 18.3 +/- 5.0 mm Hg; p greater than 0.10). There was a positive
      relationship between the presence of large varices and the occurrence of bleeding
      from varices.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3873390
TI  - Propranolol for prevention of recurrent GI bleeding.

PMID- 3873389
TI  - Oral, nonabsorbable antibiotics prevent infection in cirrhotics with
      gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
AB  - To investigate if oral, nonabsorbable antibiotics prevent bacterial infections in
      cirrhotics with gastrointestinal hemorrhage, 140 consecutive patients were
      randomly allocated into two groups: 68 patients (Group I) were given oral, non
      absorbable antibiotics (gentamicin + vancomycin + nystatin or neomycin + colistin
      + nystatin) from the inclusion into the trial up to 48 hr after cessation of the
      hemorrhage, or until emergency surgery or death in those cases who continued
      bleeding; and 72 patients (Group II) did not receive oral, nonabsorbable
      antibiotics. Both groups were similar in relation to clinical and laboratory data
      and characteristics of the hemorrhage. The incidence of infection was
      significantly lower in Group I than in Group II (11 patients in Group I and 25 in
      Group II developed proved infections; p less than 0.025). This difference was due
      to the fact that spontaneous bacteremia and peritonitis and urinary tract
      infection caused by enteric bacteria occurred almost exclusively in Group II. Two
      patients of Group I and 10 of Group II developed spontaneous bacteremia and/or
      peritonitis caused by enteric bacteria (p less than 0.025). These results
      indicate that prophylactic administration of oral, nonabsorbable antibiotics
      markedly reduces the incidence of infections caused by enteric bacteria in
      cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

PMID- 3873391
TI  - A method for estimating the chronic mentally ill population in state and local
      areas.
AB  - A practical method for estimating the size of the noninstitutionalized chronic
      mentally ill population in state and local areas, including those not currently
      receiving services, has been developed. The method relies on national and state
      counts by zip code area of persons receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
      and Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) because of mental illness, and on
      full or sample counts by SSI and SSDI status of chronic mentally ill persons in
      publicly funded community mental health programs.

PMID- 3873393
TI  - Alpha 1-antitrypsin types in schizophrenia.
AB  - The gene and phenotype frequencies of alpha 1-antitrypsin were studied in
      patients with (49) and without (92) a family history of schizophrenia. A
      significant difference with respect to phenotype (p less than 0.05) and gene (p
      less than 0.025) frequencies was found between the two groups of patients. Among
      patients with a family history of schizophrenia there was a significant increase
      of the M1 gene and a decrease of the M2 gene. There were no significant
      differences between schizophrenic patients and controls.

PMID- 3873392
TI  - Sibs of probands with neural tube defects--a study in the Federal Republic of
      Germany.
AB  - Data for the risk of neural tube defects in sibs of affected children are needed
      for genetic counselling, for decision on prenatal studies, and for planning of
      preventive measures. Data have been reported from various populations but were
      lacking for Germany. This study presents data on the siblings of 240 index
      patients in the Western part of the Federal Republic of Germany. The prevalence
      among sibs of affected individuals was found to be 2.6%. This figure agrees well
      with reports from other countries in Continental Europe and the United States,
      and fits the expectation of lower recurrence risks in low incidence populations.

PMID- 3873394
TI  - Application of the sine-transform method in time-of-flight positron-emission
      image reconstruction algorithms.

PMID- 3873395
TI  - Computer-assisted continuous infusion of the intravenous analgesic fentanyl
      during general anesthesia--an interactive system.

PMID- 3873396
TI  - [Increased incidence of listeriosis diseases in Lower Saxony, 1983].
AB  - During 1983 an unusual high incidence of listeriosis in man was observed in parts
      of Lower Saxony. 24 strains of Listeria monocytogenes--all serotyp 4b--were
      isolated from 10 newborn infants, 3 children and 11 adults suffering from
      meningitis and sepsis. All of the affected newborns and children recovered with
      antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 3873397
TI  - [Studies on B cell activation in collagenoses].
AB  - An inverse correlation between PWM and anti mu responses of peripheral blood
      lymphocytes, and a close relationship to clinical activity were demonstrated in 9
      patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3873398
TI  - [In vivo reactivation of reduced T cell activity following polytransfusion caused
      by immune aggregates in immunoglobulin preparations].
AB  - Surgery leads to an activation of peripheral blood lymphocytes, which is
      inhibited by polytransfusion. This effect could be eliminated by application of
      immunoglobulins. We think that immune aggregates in immunoglobulin preparations
      can stimulate T-lymphocytes.

PMID- 3873400
TI  - Activity of acid phosphatase in resting and mitogen-stimulated human peripheral
      blood lymphocytes.
AB  - Activity of acid phosphatase was found to be higher in T than in non-T cells of
      human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The T cell mitogen PHA induced an increase in
      the magnitude of acid phosphatase activity, while the B cell mitogen LPS was not
      able to produce any effect on acid phosphatase activity. Acid phosphatase
      activity in lymphocytes correlated with their spontaneous proliferative activity.

PMID- 3873399
TI  - Cultured T cells from patients with T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
      demonstrate a normal phenotype.
AB  - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from eight patients with the rare T-cell form
      of chronic lymphocytic leukemia were isolated and cultured with Interleukin-2 (IL
      2). In all but one case, cultured T-cells (CTC) were established. Various culture
      conditions were tested for their effectiveness; feeder layers proved valuable for
      expanding the cultures to large volumes. The CTC remained IL-2 dependent.
      Analysis of surface determinants on these CTC showed a polyclonal proliferation
      of T-cells. The distribution of subset markers in the patients' CTC population
      had completely changed in comparison to the "fresh" peripheral blood cell
      population but was similar to CTC initiated from healthy donors. Our data suggest
      that the patients' few contaminating normal T-lymphocytes expanded in culture,
      while the malignant cells were unresponsive to IL-2. This conclusion is supported
      by growth characteristics and morphology of the CTC.

PMID- 3873401
TI  - Divergent expression of HLA-DC/MB, -DR, and -SB region products on normal and
      pathological tissues as detected by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - A group of eight monoclonal antibodies directed against different monomorphic
      determinants of HLA-class II molecules was used to investigate the distribution
      of HLA-DC/DS/MB, -DR and -SB-like antigens on normal and pathological lymphoid
      and nonlymphoid tissues of human adult and fetal donors. HLA-MB/DC/DS-like
      molecules, as defined by the antibody TU 22, showed the most limited distribution
      as they were detected on B-lymphocytes, monocyte/macrophage subpopulations and
      distinct interstitial cells of various organs. HLA-DR and -SB-like antigens
      characterized by the other anti-HLA-class II reagents (TU34, TU35, TU37, TU39,
      TU43, TU58) were also present on these cell types. However, selective expression
      of HLA-DR and/or -SB like molecules was demonstrated with these antibodies on
      certain vascular endothelia, as well as different B-cell lymphomas and distinct
      epithelial cells in adults. Exclusive reactivity of the antibody TU39 shown on
      endothelial cells of fetal liver and kidney suggested specific functions of HLA
      SB antigens during ontogeny. Furthermore, HLA-DR and/or -SB like molecules but
      not TU22+ HLA-DC/MB antigens were found to be inducible on normally Ia-like
      antigen negative epithelial cells of various diseased organs. Implications of
      this differential tissue distribution of HLA-DC/MB/DS, -DR and -SB like products
      in relation to organ transplantation, regulation of immune responses and cell
      differentiation are discussed.

PMID- 3873402
TI  - Sequential changes of the T lymphocytes following ER rosette formation in guinea
      pigs. I. Expression of Fc and complement receptors.
AB  - Changes in proportions of the Fc and complement receptor (FcR, CR) positive T
      lymphocytes from guinea pigs following their interaction with rabbit erythrocytes
      (ER) were studied using EA and EAC rosette forming assays. Significant increases
      in the percentages of EA and EAC rosette forming cell (RFC) were observed when
      thymocytes or lymph node cells were assayed after ER rosette formation.
      Furthermore, T-enriched fraction by the ER monolayer adherence technique also
      showed similar or somewhat higher increases in the proportions of both EA and EAC
      RFC than those of unfractionated cells after contact with ER. The double rosette
      assay by ER with EA or EAC showed that 50-80% of the Fc and/or complement
      receptor positive lymphocytes bound rabbit erythrocytes simultaneously. These
      findings strongly suggest that at least a subset of the guinea pig T cells is
      altered to express Fc and/or complement receptors on their surfaces following the
      interaction with ER.

PMID- 3873403
TI  - The regulation of tissue eosinophilia. III. In vitro production of eosinophil
      directed chemotactic inhibitory factor by T lymphocytes of complete Freund's
      adjuvant-treated guinea-pigs.
AB  - Guinea-pig spleen cells treated with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) produce
      eosinophil-directed chemotactic inhibitory factors (ECIF). The inhibition is
      selective for the response of eosinophils to delayed ECF-a, which had been
      isolated from 24-hr-old inflamed skin lesions induced by DNP-Ascaris extract in
      sensitized animals and had been confirmed as being a T lymphocyte-derived
      lymphokine. ECIF activity is absorbed by incubation with eosinophils, but not
      with macrophages or neutrophils. The cells spontaneously release ECIF;
      pretreatment with a protein synthesis inhibitor reduces ECIF production,
      indicating that protein synthesis is essential. The source of ECIF seems to be
      lymphocytes, probably T lymphocytes. ECIF activity is recovered in two separate
      fractions: one elutes near bovine serum albumin (MW 70,000) and the other near
      cytochrome c (MW 12,500). ECIF binds to peanut agglutinin- or Limulus polyphemus
      agglutinin-coupled agarose beads. Furthermore, ECIF activity is blocked when
      eosinophils are incubated with D-galactose or sialic acid. These results suggest
      that ECIF derived from T lymphocytes of CFA-treated animals modulate the delayed
      ECF-a-mediated tissue eosinophilia, and that terminal galactose and/or sialic
      acid residues are essential for ECIF activity.

PMID- 3873404
TI  - Subpopulations of mononuclear cells in ageing: expansion of the null cell
      compartment and decrease in the number of T and B cells in human blood.
AB  - Study of the immune system in ageing has yielded conflicting results. These
      controversies are mainly due to the selection of the subjects studied. We
      investigated the mononuclear cell subpopulations in the peripheral blood of
      subjects fulfilling strict admission criteria meant to exclude persons with
      diseases that influence the immune system. These criteria are described in the
      SENIEUR protocol devised by a working group in the framework of EURAGE, the
      Concerted Action Programme on Ageing of the European Community. We compared two
      groups of volunteers aged 25-34 years, and 75-84 years. Mononuclear cells were
      investigated by two-wavelength immunofluorescence combined with phase-contrast
      microscopy. We found a striking increase in the number of 'null' cells (non-T,
      non-B, non-monocyte) in the blood of the aged persons. The number of T cells was
      decreased, especially in the suppressor/cytotoxic subset. The number of B cells
      was slightly, but significantly, decreased; the number of monocytes did not
      change. The changes in these cell populations may be related to functional
      changes, and their quantification could be used to monitor attempts to
      reconstitute the immune defects in ageing. These findings can also serve as
      reference values in the study of aged persons not fulfilling the SENIEUR
      criteria, which, in turn, can contribute to the dissection of the influence of
      disease versus age on the immune system.

PMID- 3873405
TI  - Secretion of idiotypic IgM by the mouse B-cell leukaemia (BCL1) occurs
      spontaneously in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - An analysis has been carried out to investigate the ability of neoplastic cells
      from the mouse B-cell leukaemia (BCL1) to secrete idiotypic IgM. Tumour cells
      taken from the spleen and placed in short-term culture without stimulation
      secreted quite large amounts of idiotypic IgM with a mean value for six animals
      +/- SD of 11,5000 +/- 6800 molecules of pentamer/cell/hr, with levels increasing
      steadily over a 7-hr period. Tumour cells from the blood of matched animals also
      secreted idiotypic IgM in amounts generally less than the spleen cells (4100 +/-
      2000 molecules/cell/hr. The IgM produced was found to be mainly pentameric, with
      some material of lower molecular weight. This idiotypic IgM could also be
      detected in the serum of leukaemic animals as pentameric IgM, and amounts
      increased during tumour development to 1-2 mg/ml in the terminal phase of
      disease. Since binding of anti-idiotypic antibody to tumour cells is inhibited by
      this material, it should be taken into account in immunotherapeutic schedules
      involving such antibody. However, it also presents a useful marker of disease,
      and perhaps of response to therapy.

PMID- 3873406
TI  - Cosuppression of latent and nominal allotypes in individual rabbit lymphocytes.
AB  - Endogenous synthesis of latent and nominal allotype was observed in vitro in
      rabbit peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). PBL from rabbits displaying the
      nominal b4 specificity, as well as the latent b5 and b6 either on the cell
      surface or in the serum or both, were treated with pronase to remove surface
      latent and nominal allotypes and cultured in serum-free medium to regenerate the
      nominal and latent markers. Rosette formation using the mixed anti-globulin assay
      demonstrated that the nominal b4 and latent b5 and b6 specificities were
      displayed in the same cell. Cells were seen bearing the b4 + b5, b4 + b6, or b4 +
      b5 + b6, as double or triple expressors. No latent allotype-bearing cells were
      detectable in the absence of the nominal allotype. In vitro suppression of
      nominal surface b4 with anti-b4 antibodies resulted in the cosuppression of the
      latent b5 and b6. In contrast, in vitro suppression of latent b5 and b6 with anti
      b5 and anti-b6 antibodies, respectively, did not cause the cosuppression of the
      nominal b4 allotype. Cosuppression of latent and nominal markers in the same cell
      confirms that the biosynthetic machinery for latent and nominal allotypes lies
      within the same cell.

PMID- 3873407
TI  - Bioactive complement fragments in immunoregulation.
AB  - Several fragments derived from complement components have been identified as
      potent effector substances in in vitro assays that measure cell proliferation and
      antibody synthesis. The anaphylatoxin C3a suppresses the immune response but
      fails to influence T- or B-cell proliferation. The factor C5a augments both
      antibody production and antigen-induced, but not mitogen-induced, T-cell
      proliferation. C3a-mediated suppression occurs through the activation of a
      suppressor T-cell cascade with macrophage collaboration. C5a-mediated
      enhancement, depending upon the in vitro system studied, acts at the level of the
      helper T cell and/or macrophage. A fragment generated from treating iC3b with
      kallikrein (c3d-K) has aided in defining a structural region of the C3b molecule
      that can influence the level of circulating leukocytes. The factor C3d-K is also
      capable of suppressing both specific and non-specific T-cell proliferative
      responses and mitogen-induced B cell growth. The mechanism of C3d-K action is
      defined as a direct effect on "activated" T cells, even though IL-2 synthesis of
      treated cells is diminished. The effect of C3d-K is long lasting, non-reversible
      and requires only a short exposure to the target cell.

PMID- 3873408
TI  - The failure of cyclosporin to inhibit granulomatous inflammation in acute Arthus
      like panophthalmitis.
AB  - Acute Arthus-like panophthalmitis (AP) was induced in Lewis rat eyes by lens
      injury after immunization with whole rabbit lens extract. AP consists of an acute
      anterior ocular inflammation, followed by a posterior choroidal granulomatous
      reaction. Neither inflammatory response was inhibited by daily treatment with
      cyclosporin, 10 mg/kg, beginning on the day of lens injury. Cyclosporin would not
      be expected to interfere with the lens-induced anterior Arthus-like inflammation.
      The lack of inhibition of the choroidal inflammation was unexpected. The results
      are interpreted to indicate that the posterior granulomatous choroidal
      inflammation is a non-immune reaction initiated by the severe lens-induced Arthus
      like reaction.

PMID- 3873409
TI  - Induction of Ia antigens on thyroid cultures by syngeneic T lymphocytes: a model
      of autoimmune disease.
AB  - We previously reported that the expression of Ia antigens on cultured monolayers
      of murine thyroid epithelial cells (TEC) occurred with a particular distribution
      exclusively on the basal part of the cultured thyroid cells, while class I
      antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are only detected on the
      apical surface. It appears that deposition of syngeneic lymphocytes induces, 24 h
      later, Ia expression on the apical side of cultured TEC, the surface that is in
      direct contact with the responder lymphocytes during syngeneic sensitization of T
      lymphocytes. We hypothesized that this phenomenon could represent, in syngeneic
      situations, the restriction process in antigen recognition by T cells, as
      demonstrated by Ia restricted primary syngeneic sensitization (PSS) on murine
      TEC.

PMID- 3873410
TI  - Null alleles of the fourth component of complement and HLA haplotypes in familial
      systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Eight families (121 individuals) with two or more members affected with systemic
      lupus erythematosus (SLE) were analyzed for histocompatibility antigens (HLA-A,
      B, C, DR, MT, and MB) and complement antigens (C4A, C4B, and BF). These data were
      correlated with serological markers (antinuclear antibodies, single- and double
      stranded anti-DNA, anti-SM, anti-nRNP, anti-Ro [SS-A], anti-La [SS-B], and
      biological false-positive tests for syphilis and clinical features. Fifteen
      members had SLE, and 19 had other immune diseases (subacute cutaneous lupus
      erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, hypothyroidism, insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus, primary Sjogren's syndrome, immune thrombocytopenic purpura,
      rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis). Twenty-three healthy relatives
      (seroreactors) had significant titers of circulating antibodies, as did 2 of 17
      spouses. There was an increased frequency of null C4 alleles in those individuals
      with SLE (60%) and healthy relatives (50%) as compared with spouses (24%).
      Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between SLE and female sex
      (P =.006), whereas there was no significant association revealed between female
      sex and other immune diseases. Patients with SLE also had a higher frequency of
      either C4A or C4B null alleles (P = .01) than those with immune diseases. The C4A
      homozygous null phenotype was more common in SLE patients than in seroreactors (P
      = .02). There was a higher frequency of HLA-DR2 and DR3 in individuals with SLE
      than in those with immune disease (P = .08), seroreactors (P = .02) and normal
      relatives (P = .002). One totally C4-deficient patient with SLE was identified.
      These families demonstrate an important association between SLE and the C4 null
      allele and the HLA-DR2 and DR3. These risk factors, however, cannot account for
      the development of disease in all individuals.

PMID- 3873411
TI  - A highly homologous T-cell receptor beta-chain variable region is expressed in
      mouse and human T cells.

PMID- 3873413
TI  - Unconjugated and conjugated urinary 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone glucosiduronate.
      Elevated levels in essential hypertension.
AB  - The mineralocorticoid 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone (19-nor-DOC) is present in the
      urine of rats and humans in unconjugated and conjugated forms. This study sought
      to compare levels of unconjugated and conjugated 19-nor-DOC glucosiduronate in
      essential hypertensive subjects. The essential hypertensive and normal subjects
      were admitted to a metabolic unit, and plasma and urine were collected at fixed
      intervals on a fixed-electrolyte intake (Na+, 128 mEq/day, K+, 80 mEq/day). The
      19-nor-DOC was purified by chromatography and measured by radioimmunoassay.
      Unconjugated urinary 19-nor-DOC was elevated in essential hypertensive subjects
      (195 +/- 21 [SE] ng/day; n = 21) compared with levels in normal subjects (118 +/-
      30 [SE] ng/day; n = 13, p less than 0.05). Two essential hypertensive subjects
      had very high levels (673, 729 ng/day), while levels in seven essential
      hypertensive subjects were below 118 ng/day. Conjugated 19-nor-DOC
      glucosiduronate also was elevated in essential hypertensive subjects (950 +/- 88
      [SE] ng/day; n = 8) compared with levels in normal subjects (680 +/- 90 [SE]
      ng/day; n = 5). Seven of eight essential hypertensive subjects had levels greater
      than 680 ng/day. The unconjugated and conjugated urinary 19-nor-DOC
      glucosiduronate levels were positively correlated in both of these groups (rho =
      0.82, p less than 0.01). Other test results including plasma renin activity,
      plasma aldosterone levels, aldosterone secretion rates, and plasma and urine
      electrolyte levels were not different between groups. These results indicate that
      essential hypertensive subjects have increased 19-nor-DOC excretion, which is
      reflected by increases in both unconjugated and conjugated glucosiduronate
      forms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3873412
TI  - Anti-MHC immunity detected prior to intentional alloimmunization. III. Natural
      autoreactive H-2-specific antibodies.
AB  - Cell fusion was performed between spleen cells from young BALB/cBy (H-2d) mice
      which have never been immunized and SP2/0 mouse plasmacytoma cells. A monoclonal
      H-2 specific cytotoxic IgM antibody was obtained (By-1) which detected a new
      public biregional H-2 specificity, H-2.m210. The mcAb By-1 reacted strongly with
      H-2Kd, Dd, and H-2s antigens, gave weak cross-reactions with H-2Kk, Dq, H-2r, and
      H-2v antigens and was negative with H-2b, H-2f, H-2p, and H-2Ld antigens. A
      polymorphic reaction pattern was also observed on a panel of lymphocytes from
      B10.W strains. The intriguing finding on this reaction pattern was the reactivity
      on H-2d cells, including the syngeneic BALB/cBy and truly autologous cells. As
      shown by capping and immunoprecipitation experiments on H-2d cells and by studies
      on H-2d-transfected mouse L cells, the target molecules for McAb By-1 were H-2Kd
      and H-2Dd molecules. The BALB/cBy mouse, from whose spleen cells the McAb By-1
      was obtained, survived after the fusion experiment, and serum was examined for
      the presence of cytotoxic H-2-specific antibodies during the rest of its life. At
      the time of the fusion, no autoreactive serum antibodies were found, but about 4
      months later, we found in the serum of this mouse autoreactive H-2-specific
      cytotoxic IgM antibodies. The serum antibodies followed the same reaction pattern
      as that of the McAb By-1. As far as we know, this is the first report of
      autoreactive H-2-specific antibodies in serum of a mouse which has never been
      immunized and of the first natural autoreactive H-2-specific monoclonal antibody.

PMID- 3873414
TI  - [Rheumatologic disorders in the aged].

PMID- 3873415
TI  - Effects of splenectomy on antibody-independent immunity to Plasmodium chabaudi
      adami malaria.
AB  - Splenectomy of B-cell-deficient mice and immunologically intact mice before
      infection with Plasmodium chabaudi adami led to the development of significant
      parasitemias which eventually resolved in the latter mice. Whereas both eusplenic
      B-cell-deficient mice and immunologically intact mice resolved their acute P.
      chabaudi adami infection, only B-cell-deficient mice subsequently developed
      chronic low-grade malaria. Splenectomy of B-cell-deficient mice with chronic
      malaria led to recrudescing infections, suggesting that the expression of
      antibody-independent immunity to reinfection was spleen dependent. When dispersed
      spleen cells were injected into splenectomized mice before challenge with P.
      chabaudi adami, the kinetics of the resulting infection resembled that seen in
      splenectomized mice which had not been grafted with normal spleen cells. This
      finding indicates that immunity to P. chabaudi adami requires the presence of an
      architecturally intact spleen.

PMID- 3873416
TI  - Characterization of clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae type b for
      heterogeneous populations of susceptibility to ampicillin.
AB  - In this study 80 clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae type b from 60
      patients were used to analyze if heterogeneous populations of ampicillin
      resistant and sensitive cells were simultaneously present within each strain and
      to determine how common this phenomenon was among clinical isolates. A total of
      50 ampicillin sensitive clinical isolates were screened for resistance to this
      antibiotic. It was observed that 32 ampicillin sensitive strains did not contain
      resistant subpopulations. Furthermore, even with the inducement of resistant
      subgroups to proliferate under antibiotic-mediated selection using maximum
      subinhibitory concentrations of ampicillin, no subpopulations of resistant cells
      were discovered among 18 additional strains. In order to determine whether
      ampicillin resistance was stable in beta-lactamase-producing H. influenzae
      clinical isolates, 20 strains from 16 patients were examined. No tendency to
      segregate into a heterogeneous population of sensitive and resistant clones was
      found. Furthermore, ampicillin resistance was still uniformly expressed after the
      treatment of ten strains with the curing agent acridine orange. These results
      suggest that after extensive evaluation no heterogeneous populations existed with
      ampicillin resistant and sensitive H. influenzae clinical isolates, indicating
      that this phenomenon is not a prevalent one.

PMID- 3873418
TI  - Suppression of B-cell and T-cell responses by the prostaglandin-induced T-cell
      derived suppressors (PITS)--III. Production of PITS beta factors from T-cell
      hybridomas.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that the prostaglandin-induced T-cell-derived
      suppressors (PITS) are actually a mixture of at least seven distinct factors.
      These factors may be reproducibly resolved by size-exclusion chromatography
      followed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results are presented
      here which suggest that two T-lymphocyte hybridoma clones are capable of
      constitutive synthesis of three of these suppressor factors. Results show that
      clone Hyb-7SC2 produces factors which co-elute (by HPLC) with the PITS beta2 and
      PITS beta3 factors, while clone Hyb-9SC2 produces a factor which co-elutes with
      PITS beta1. These results suggest the possibility that the seven PITS beta
      factors are not the product of a single cell population.

PMID- 3873417
TI  - HLA and prognostic factors in primary breast cancer.
AB  - A group of 157 women with primary breast cancer (BC) were typed for HLA antigens,
      and gene frequencies were compared to those of 327 control healthy individuals.
      Diagnosis of BC was made for all patients on surgical mastectomy specimens;
      histologic grading, estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors were
      determined on all primary tumors. Typed antigens included the majority of the
      specificities controlled by the HLA-A, -B and -C loci, according to the 8th
      International Histocompatibility Testing Workshop recommendations. No significant
      discrepancy in their frequencies was found in the undivided sample as compared to
      controls. The analysis of HLA gene frequency was extended to subsets of patients
      identified by the following prognostic features: (a) age at tumor diagnosis (pre
      menopause vs. post-menopause); (b) receptor status (presence vs. absence of ER
      and PgR); (c) mammary gland dysplasia (presence vs. absence); (d) histologic
      grade (grade 3 vs. grades 1 and 2 combined); (e) time to relapse before or after
      24 months following mastectomy). A moderate deviation from normal of some genes
      was found in several subsets, often affecting only one of the antithetical
      subgroups (feature present vs. feature absent). In the instance of B5, the
      increase in frequency of the gene in one of the subset pair (ER + subjects) was
      balanced by a decrease of the same gene in the counterpart (ER-subjects).
      Increased frequencies were found for the B7 gene in the following prognostic
      groups: (a) lack of ER (0.08); (b) lack of PgR (0.09); (c) absence of mammary
      dysplasia (0.075); (d) histologic grade 3 (0.10); and (e) premenopause (0.12),
      the last two showing significant divergence from normal. When features (d) and
      (e) on the one hand and (a), (b), (d) and (e) on the other were combined, B7
      reached frequencies of 0.18 (p less than 5 X 10(-4] and of 0.29 (p less than 5 X
      10(-6], respectively.

PMID- 3873419
TI  - Two different pathways of interferon mediated suppression of antibody secretion.
AB  - Interferon suppresses a variety of in vitro immune responses by a mechanism which
      has not been well defined. Both direct suppression and activation of suppressor T
      cells have been suggested as possible mechanisms of interferon action. In an
      attempt to examine this question interferon-alpha (IFN alpha)-mediated
      suppression of a plaque forming cell response to a T cell independent antigen by
      spleen cells or by B cells was examined. Somewhat greater quantities of IFN alpha
      were required to suppress plaque forming cell responses by B cells than by spleen
      cells to the antigen fluoresceinated-Brucella abortus (FITC-BA). However,
      suppression of spleen cell responses could be blocked by addition of either 2
      mercaptoethanol, levamisole or monoclonal antibodies against the lymphokine,
      soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS), whereas suppression of B cell
      responses by interferon-alpha was unaffected by these agents. Each of these
      agents interferes with SIRS mediated suppression of immune responses. Addition of
      T cells to B cell cultures stimulated with FITC-BA did not affect the total
      plaque forming cell response nor the extent of suppression by IFN alpha, but it
      did restore 2-mercaptoethanol sensitivity to IFN alpha-mediated suppression. As
      few as 1 X 10(5) T cells were effective and it was necessary to add T cells
      within 3 h of addition of IFN alpha to confer 2-mercaptoethanol sensitivity to
      IFN alpha mediated suppression. These data suggest that IFN alpha can suppress
      immune responses by two different pathways and that in the presence of T cells,
      activation of suppressor T cells is the dominant pathway. The presence of T cells
      must also prevent direct suppression of B cells by IFN alpha.

PMID- 3873420
TI  - Immunopharmacological profile of a novel isoxazol derivative, HWA 486, with
      potential antirheumatic activity--I. Disease modifying action on adjuvant
      arthritis of the rat.
AB  - The new isoxazol derivative, N-(4-Trifluoro-methylphenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-4
      carboxamide (HWA 486) has been investigated as to its disease modifying activity
      on adjuvant arthritis of the Lewis rat. This compound was able to prevent the
      onset of the adjuvant disease, provided the therapy was started within the first
      12 days after its induction, reflecting properties similar to that of
      immunosuppressive agents. If therapy started later than 12 days, the substance
      was still able to reduce the degree of inflammation and arrest its progress as
      long as it was administered, i.e. termination of the therapy, after the
      establishment of adjuvant arthritis, allowed the disease to progress, a property
      similar to classical anti-inflammatory agents such as indomethacin. The
      stimulation of lymphocytes from adjuvant arthritic rats with ConA, PHA, and LPS
      was suppressed. Treatment of these animals with HWA 486 returned the mitogenic
      response to normal values. However, the lymphocytes from non-diseased animals
      were not affected by treatment with this substance. Cyclophosphamide, on the
      other hand, which also can prevent the establishment of the disease, reduces the
      proliferative response to mitogens in healthy animals. The characteristics of HWA
      486 distinguish it from either classical anti-inflammatory drugs, such as
      phenylbutazone, or classical immunosuppressive agents, such as cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 3873421
TI  - [Human fibrin glue and its use in periodontal surgery].

PMID- 3873422
TI  - DNA strand break rejoining in human lymphocytes during the S phase.
AB  - Induction and repair of DNA strand breaks in asynchronous and synchronized
      cultures of human lymphocytes was investigated by using the alkaline DNA
      unwinding technique followed by chromatography on hydroxylapatite. Strand break
      rejoining in exponentially growing human PHA stimulated lymphocytes, irradiated
      with 20 Gy of X-rays, is temperature-dependent, being fast at 37 degrees C (half
      time of a few minutes), and very slow at around 4 degrees C. In synchronized
      cells irradiated with the same X-ray dose, the repair capacity increases during S
      phase reaching its maximum when DNA is entirely duplicated.

PMID- 3873423
TI  - Interaction of phospholipid liposomes with a DNA model compound in irradiated
      systems.
AB  - Phospholipid liposomes of different unsaturated fatty acid compositions were
      irradiated either in the presence of a double-stranded polynucleotide, or alone
      and then mixed with the polynucleotide. Changes in the structure of the
      polynucleotide were estimated by measuring its ability to form a fluorescent
      intercalation complex with ethidium bromide. The results imply that radiation
      induced peroxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the phospholipid
      followed by transfer of damage to the polynucleotide was a very minor process in
      these systems. The results are discussed in terms of .OH radical attack on the
      phospholipids at the polar head group or at saturated positions of the fatty acid
      chains near the water lipid interface. The intermediates produced by this process
      may then damage the polynucleotide.

PMID- 3873424
TI  - Chromatographic studies on the radiolysis of DNA in aqueous solution.
AB  - Radiation-induced degradation of double-stranded DNA from calf thymus in aqueous
      solution with sodium phosphate was studied by conventional gel chromatography and
      by high-performance liquid-gel permeation chromatography. Comparison of the data
      after radiolysis of aqueous solutions of DNA under anaerobic and aerobic
      conditions indicates that double-strand breakage is not enhanced by oxygen. An
      increase of ionic strength impedes the break-down of the DNA molecules, so that
      loss of DNA can only be observed at doses above 100 Gy. Only reactions of OH
      radicals contribute to the fragmentation of DNA, while the presence of hydrated
      electrons, H.-or formate radicals does not lead to a loss of highly polymerized
      DNA up to doses of 1500 Gy. High-performance liquid-chromatography proved to be
      an excellent method of studying the degradation of macromolecules as a function
      of dose.

PMID- 3873425
TI  - Effect of melanin on radiation response of CHO cells.
AB  - The effect of the presence of melanin on the response of mammalian cells to
      ionizing radiation was investigated in a model system utilizing the ability of
      Chinese hamster ovary cells to incorporate melanin by endocytosis. Cells were
      incubated in monolayer cultures from 2 to 20 hours with melanin prepared from
      'beef eye' or synthesized by air oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. For
      asynchronous cultures, the survival curve parameters for cells incubated with
      both types of melanin were indistinguishable from those of the same cells without
      added melanin. The radiation response to fractionated doses of 6 Gy separated by
      various periods did not indicate any effect of melanin on the extent or kinetics
      of repair of sublethal damage. Likewise, the repair of potentially lethal damage
      in plateau phase cultures was unaffected by the presence of melanin. Thus the
      explanation for the clinical radiation resistance of melanomas in the absence of
      a direct radiation effect might more likely be found in consideration of other
      factors such as the role of melanin in oxygen consumption or in differentiation.

PMID- 3873426
TI  - Studies on the relationship between the radiation resistance and glutathione
      content of human and rodent cells after treatment with dexamethasone in vitro.
AB  - A 20 h pre-treatment of human cells from normal (foetal lung) or malignant origin
      (glioma, lines U118 MG and U251 MG and bladder carcinoma, line EJ) with
      dexamethasone failed to increase their radiation resistance in vitro despite a 2
      fold increase in the GSH content of a glioma cell line, U251 MG, and a small but
      significant increase in the GSH content of EJ bladder carcinoma cells. In
      contrast, there was a correlation between an increase in radiation resistance and
      an elevated GSH content of rodent cells (Chinese hamster lung, line V-79-379A;
      ovary, line CHO; rat hepatoma, line HTC, and mouse neuroblastoma, line NB413A)
      after a similar pre-treatment. The results suggest that enhancement of radiation
      resistance cannot be directly ascribed to an elevated GSH content in steroid
      treated cells. On the basis of these data it is unlikely that the efficacy of
      radiotherapy will be diminished amongst patients receiving concomitant treatment
      with dexamethasone. However, in vivo testing is required to confirm these
      findings.

PMID- 3873427
TI  - The influence of dose rate on the lethal and mutagenic effects of X-rays in
      proliferating L5178Y cells differing in radiation sensitivity.
AB  - The lethal and mutagenic effects of ionizing radiation delivered at high (53
      Gy/h) and low (0.02 Gy/h) dose rates were measured in two closely related strains
      of mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells differing in radiation sensitivity (LY-R and LY
      S). Strain LY-R was more resistant to the lethal effects of radiation than strain
      LY-S when exposed at either the high or low dose rate. The survival of strain LY
      R was markedly enhanced by the reduction in dose rate. The dose-rate dependence
      of the survival of strain LY-S was less clear, because of the biphasic nature of
      its survival curve following low dose-rate radiation. However, if the initial
      slope of the low dose-rate survival curve is compared to the slope of the high
      dose-rate survival curve for strain LY-S, only a slight increase in survival at
      the low dose rate is apparent. Although more sensitive to the lethal effects of
      radiation, strain LY-S was less mutable at the hypoxanthine/guanine
      phosphoribosyl transferase locus by both low dose-rate and high dose-rate
      radiation than strain LY-R. Little dose-rate dependence was exhibited by either
      strain with regard to the mutagenic effects of radiation. Thus, for strain LY-R,
      which showed marked dose-rate dependence for survival but not for mutation, the
      ratio of mutational to lethal lesions was much greater following exposure to low
      dose-rate than to high dose-rate radiation.

PMID- 3873428
TI  - Reactions of nitroimidazoles with free radicals--enhancement of reaction by u.v.
      irradiation.
AB  - The free-radical reactivity of the nitroimidazole derivatives metronidazole,
      misonidazole, benznidazole and ornidazole was investigated by observing their
      effect on the polymerization of acrylamide in aqueous solution. Free-radical
      polymerization was initiated by the thermal decomposition of potassium
      peroxydisulphate at 50 degrees C. Measurement of the polymerization rate showed
      an inhibitory effect of the nitroimidazoles which was greatly enhanced when the
      system was irradiated with u.v. light near their absorption maximum of 320-325
      nm. Analysis of the competitive kinetics of the system enabled calculation of the
      rate constant for reaction of the ground state and photoexcited nitroimidazole
      with the polyacrylamide free radicals. No significant difference between the
      various nitroimidazoles could be found in the dark reaction, but in the u.v.
      irradiated system the order of reactivity (misonidazole greater than benznidazole
      greater than metronidazole approximately equal to ornidazole) was the same as the
      reported relative mutagenic, cytotoxic and radiosensitizing potency of the
      compounds. These results imply that the excited states of the nitroimidazoles are
      important to their activity in radical-radical reactions.

PMID- 3873429
TI  - Two forms of potentially lethal damage have similar repair kinetics in plateau-
      and in log-phase cells.
AB  - The effect on the survival of X-irradiated Chinese hamster cells (line V79) of
      two different post-treatments is examined in plateau- and in log-phases of
      growth. Qualitatively similar results are obtained with cells in both growth
      phases; that is, similar reductions in survival are effected by post-treatments
      with hypertonic phosphate buffered saline, and similar increases in survival are
      effected by post-treatments with conditioned medium. In addition, in both kinds
      of cells the kinetics of the repair processes are similar even though the
      kinetics of the two processes differ from each other considerably. While the
      results indicate that there can be essential differences in the type and/or the
      pathways of repair of potentially lethal damage, they also illustrate a broader
      meaning of this term than has been customary. Considered relative to the amount
      of DNA damage that can be expected to be potentially lethal, it is concluded that
      the two types of damage that are the subjects of this study represent only small
      sectors of the total amount of potentially lethal damage.

PMID- 3873430
TI  - Chromosome studies in plutonium workers.
AB  - Chromosome analyses have been performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes from 54
      men with estimates of plutonium body burdens in excess of 296 Bq. Both stable and
      unstable aberrations were scored using a banding technique and breakpoints noted.
      In discussing the significance of aberration frequencies the relative proportions
      of the different types of aberration and their distribution have been considered
      and account has been taken of external radiation exposure. It is suggested that
      significant depositions of plutonium do cause an increase in chromosome
      aberrations. The distribution of the breakpoints in the controls showed an excess
      in chromosomes 7 and 14. The formation and survival of radiation-induced
      breakpoints was randomly distributed amongst the chromosomes according to length.
      The distribution of the breakpoints within the chromosomes showed an excess in
      the centromeres and telomeres. Possible hot spots occurred in some of these
      regions and also in certain bands of the intermediate regions of the chromosomes.

PMID- 3873431
TI  - Oral administration of liposome-entrapped cysteamine and the distribution pattern
      in blood, liver and spleen.
AB  - Oral administration of liposome-entrapped cysteamine induces an increase in the
      concentration of exogenous sulphur compounds in blood (plasma), liver and spleen.
      Among those sulphur compounds, an important amount of plasma thiols can be
      related to a protection of cysteamine in the digestive tract. This can account
      for the radioprotective effect of a liposomal-cysteamine suspension in rodents,
      and clearly demonstrates the interest of such a preparation in radioprotection.

PMID- 3873432
TI  - The contribution of endogenous and exogenous effects to radiation-induced damage
      in the bacterial spore.
AB  - Radical scavengers such as polyethylene glycol 400 and 4000 and bovine albumin
      have been used to define the contribution of exogenous and endogenous effects to
      the gamma-radiation-induced damage in aqueous buffered suspensions of Bacillus
      pumilus spores. The results indicate that this damage in the bacterial spore is
      predominantly endogenous both in the presence of 1 atmosphere of oxygen, and in
      anoxia.

PMID- 3873434
TI  - The effect of extracellular pH on radiosensitization by misonidazole and acidic
      or basic analogues.
AB  - The effect of extracellular pH (pHe) on the radiosensitization of hypoxic Chinese
      hamster V79 cells in vitro by the 2-nitroimidazole, misonidazole, and analogues
      substituted with basic or acid functions has been studied. Misonidazole (1 mmol
      dm-3) gave an enhancement ratio (e.r.) of 1.6 which remained unchanged over the
      pHe range of 3.8-9.5. Control hypoxic survival curves in the absence of
      sensitizer also remained essentially unchanged over this pHe range. These results
      contrast with those seen for 0.1 mmol dm-3 Ro 03-8799 (1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3
      N-piperidino-2-propanol), a base with pKa = 8.9): the ER increased from 1.4 to
      2.1 as pHe increased from 5.6 to 8.4. However, with the weaker bases, Ro 03-8800
      and nimorazole (morpholino derivatives with pKa = 6.3 and 5.2 respectively) the
      e.r. remained constant over a wide pHe range. Nitroimidazoles substituted with
      acidic functions gave decreasing sensitization with increasing pHe. For azomycin
      (pKa = 7.2) at 1 mmol dm-3 the e.r. decreased from 1.9 at pHe 4 to 1.0 at pHe 9.
      The effect of the proton conductor carbonyl cyanide-3-chlorophenylhydrazone
      (CCCP, 10 mumol dm-3) on radiosensitization by Ro 03-8799 (0.1 mmol dm-3) and
      misonidazole (1.0 mmol dm-3) was also studied. At pHe 6.67 the e.r. for Ro 03
      8799 was increased from 1.36 to 1.76 by the presence of CCCP, whereas at pHe 7.33
      the e.r. was unchanged. In contrast the e.r. for misonidazole was unchanged at
      pHe 6.65 and 7.33. These results are consistent with pH differentials across the
      cell membrane creating intracellular:extracellular concentrations gradients for
      radiosensitizers with acidic or basic functions.

PMID- 3873433
TI  - Cellular uptake of misonidazole and analogues with acidic or basic functions.
AB  - Average intracellular concentrations of five radiosensitizers in hamster
      fibroblast-like V79-379A cells in vitro were measured by high performance liquid
      chromatography, varying the extracellular pH (pHe) and estimating the apparent
      intracellular pH from the distribution of 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione. The
      intracellular: extracellular concentration ratio for the 2-nitroimidazole,
      misonidazole was constant at about 0.7 for pHe = 6.6-7.6, whereas the weak base,
      Ro 03-8799 (1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-N-piperidino-2-propanol) was concentrated
      intracellularly at pHe = 7.3-7.4 by a factor of 3.3, the factor increasing from
      about 0.8 at pHe = 6.0, to 7.5 at pHe = 7.85. The weak acid, azomycin (2
      nitroimidazole) showed approximately constant uptake (factor 1.1) between pHe =
      6.0-7.0, decreasing to 0.8 at pHe = 7.3 and 0.4 at pHe = 7.8. Measurements of
      intracellular uptake of Ro 31-0052 (the more hydrophilic and less basic 3'
      hydroxypiperidino analogue of Ro 03-8799) and of Ro 31-0258 (3-(2-nitro-1
      imidazolyl)propionic acid, a stronger acid than azomycin) were made for
      comparison. The results were compared with theoretical calculations of pH-induced
      concentration gradients; the time dependence of the uptake of the bases is not at
      present clearly understood. These measurements of uptake are broadly consistent
      with the distribution of misonidazole and Ro 03-8799 in human and animal tissues
      and provide a useful insight into the likely intracellular concentrations in the
      clinical use of Ro 03-8799 or other basic radiosensitizers. The measurements also
      resolve the apparent discrepancy in radiosensitizer efficiency for weak bases in
      vitro and in vivo which has been previously noted.

PMID- 3873435
TI  - DNA supercoiled domains and radiosensitivity of subpopulations of human
      peripheral blood lymphocytes.
AB  - Enriched human B- and T-lymphocyte subpopulations were isolated by means of a
      Percoll step gradient centrifugation procedure. 60Co gamma-irradiation dose
      response curves for these subpopulations were obtained by applying a modified
      nucleoid sedimentation technique, which was also employed for the determination
      of the superhelical content by means of ethidium bromide intercalation. Although
      a similarity in the average superhelical density of B- and T1-lymphocytes was
      shown, B-lymphocytes exhibited a more pronounced reduction in sedimentation
      ratio, suggesting a higher radiosusceptibility than the T1-lymphocytes. By
      applying the single hit kinetics of the target theory to the dose-response
      curves, an estimation of the supercoil domain sizes was made: B- cells, 5.5 X
      10(9), 1.78 X 10(9) and 7.78 X 10(8) D; T-cells, 4.55 X 10(9), 1.75 X 10(9) and
      7.67 X 10(8) D. The differences in radiosensitivity of lymphocyte subpopulations
      can not, therefore, be entirely ascribed to differences in DNA superstructure.

PMID- 3873436
TI  - The use of flow cytometry to measure X-ray survival in cultured T lymphocytes.
AB  - Light-scattering signals produced in a flow cytometer containing unstained,
      irradiated T-lymphocytes (MOLT-4 cell line) were analysed by plotting the axial
      light loss versus right-angle scatter. The resulting three-dimensional
      scattergram separated into two regions, corresponding to live and dead cells, as
      confirmed by trypan blue staining. The method is simple, rapid, allows large
      numbers of cells to be measured, avoids staining artifacts and is suitable for
      measuring radiation-induced killing down to 0.5 to 0.1 Gy.

PMID- 3873437
TI  - Radiosensitivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in autoimmune disease.
AB  - The proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes, cultured with Con A, can be
      inhibited by ionizing radiation. Lymphocytes from patients with conditions
      associated with autoimmunity, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus
      erythematosus and polymyositis, are more radiosensitive than those from healthy
      volunteers or patients with conditions not associated with autoimmunity. The
      nuclear material isolated from the lymphocytes of patients with autoimmune
      diseases is, on average, lighter in density than the nuclear material from most
      healthy controls. This difference in density is not related to increased
      sensitivity to ionizing radiation but the degree of post-irradiation change in
      density (lightening) is proportional to the initial density, i.e. more dense
      nuclear material always shows a greater upward shift after radiation. The
      recovery of preirradiation density of nuclear material, 1 h after radiation
      exposure, taken as an indication of DNA repair, correlates with the
      radiosensitivity of lymphocyte proliferation (Con A response); failure to return
      to pre-irradiation density being associated with increased sensitivity of
      proliferative response. These results require extension but, taken with
      previously reported studies of the effects of DNA methylating agents, support the
      idea that DNA damage and its defective repair could be important in the aetio
      pathogenesis of autoimmune disease.

PMID- 3873438
TI  - Effect of caffeine on gamma-ray-induced G2 delay in ataxia telangiectasia.
AB  - Exposure of normal control and ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) lymphoblastoid cell
      lines to ionizing radiation gives rise to an increase in the proportion of G2
      phase cells. The size and extent of the G2 phase block is greater in A-T cells
      than in normal cells. Caffeine has a similar overall effect in control and A-T
      cell lines in reducing the G2 arrest observed after ionizing radiation. While the
      proportion of cells accumulated in G2 in A-T cells is considerably greater than
      in controls, addition of caffeine at the time of maximal G2 block brings about a
      return of G2 phase cell numbers to unirradiated values in 3 hours in both cell
      types. In normal control cells the caffeine-mediated decrease in G2 cells is
      reflected by an increase in mitotic cells. These mitotic cells have a higher
      frequency of chromosome aberrations compared to cells harvested in the absence of
      caffeine. Similarly in A-T cells addition of caffeine to irradiated cultures,
      delayed in G2 phase, increased the number of mitotic cells and the frequency of
      chromosome aberrations.

PMID- 3873439
TI  - Magnetic field affects thymidine kinase in vivo.
AB  - Whole mice on normal or vitamin E deficient diet were immobilized by Nembutal
      anaesthesia and exposed to a stationary magnetic field of 1.4 tesla for up to 60
      min. Thymidine kinase (TdR-K) was assayed in the high-speed supernatant of bone
      marrow cells which were collected into optimally adjusted nutrient medium of pH
      7.3-7.4 containing 1350 mg NaHCO3 per litre and were then destroyed by
      sonication. In parallel, uptake of 125I-labelled 5-I-2'-deoxyuridine (125IUdR)
      into DNA of whole bone marrow cells, of various tissues and of the whole body was
      measured. The results indicate the following. The magnetic field exposure caused
      in bone marrow cells an increase of activity of TdR-K and of uptake of 125IUdR to
      about 130 per cent of control. The effect depended on immobilization of the mice
      in the field and on the presence of NaHCO3 in the nutrient medium used for cell
      collection. There was no field-induced change in body temperature. The effect on
      125IUdR uptake was similar in isolated tissues and the whole body following
      intraperitoneal injection of the tracer. It increased to a maximum of about 135
      per cent of control, during exposure times over 30 min. This effect is not
      explained as a result of a temporary change in the rate of cell proliferation.
      Vitamin E deficiency caused a depression of activity of TdR-K and of uptake of
      125IUdR in bone marrow cells to about 75 per cent of control. This depression was
      similar to that observed after whole body gamma-irradiation with about 0.01 Gy (1
      rad). The inhibitory effects of vitamin E deficiency on TdR-K were overcome by
      exposure to the magnetic field. Immediately after cessation of the magnetic field
      for 60 min, 125IUdR uptake was normal; normalization of uptake was delayed with
      exposure times shorter than 60 min. A 60 min exposure to the magnetic field had
      no long term effect on turnover of labelled cells in the mice. The data imply the
      non-specific control of thymidine kinase by charged molecular species and the
      modification of this control by the magnetic field.

PMID- 3873440
TI  - Do fast neutrons at low dose rate enhance cell transformation in vitro? A basic
      problem of microdosimetry and interpretation.

PMID- 3873441
TI  - Comparative study on Lewis lung tumor lines with 'low' and 'high' metastatic
      capacity. I. Growth rate, morphology and resistance to host defence.
AB  - A highly metastatic variant (LLT-HH) of liver metastasizing Lewis lung tumor
      (LLT) has been selected. Comparative studies were made on proliferation rate,
      morphological characteristics and host cell interaction of these two lines.
      Increased metastasis formation seemed to result from the selection of cells with
      increased resistance to nonspecific host effector cells.

PMID- 3873442
TI  - Paradoxic pupillary constriction in a patient with congenital stationary night
      blindness.
AB  - Paradoxic pupillary constriction to an "off-step" of light was studied in a 35
      year-old woman with congenital stationary night blindness. ERG was of the
      Schubert-Bornschein type (scotopic B-wave absent); fundi were normal for a high
      myope. Paradoxic constrictions were larger in response to full field and
      peripheral off-steps from low photopic levels than from higher photopic levels.
      The patient's "on response" was smaller in magnitude and slower in both latency
      and dynamics than the on-response of normal subjects. Pupillary hippus was larger
      in magnitude and more peaked in the patient than in normal subjects. Steady-state
      (tonic) pupil size increased paradoxically with increased light level over the
      range 1-2 log fL.

PMID- 3873443
TI  - Barium removes the ouabain-induced increase in the rod response to light.
AB  - The mass receptor potential of the excised, superfused retina of the bullfrog was
      isolated with aspartate. Rods were selectively stimulated by using very dim
      flashes of light. In the presence of 0.1 mM ouabain, the amplitude of the
      receptor response was found first to increase transiently and, subsequently, to
      decrease progressively. The ouabain-induced transient increase in receptor
      response was completely eliminated by 0.4 mM barium chloride. However, barium did
      not affect the rate at which the response decayed in the presence of ouabain. The
      ability of barium to remove the ouabain-induced transient increase in the
      amplitude of the receptor response is discussed in terms of reducing the coupling
      ratio of the postulated electrogenic sodium-potassium pump of rods.

PMID- 3873444
TI  - Measurement of ciliary beat frequency using high-speed video microscopy.
AB  - Studies on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of frog palate epithelium are
      described. A high-speed video microscope system was used to record ciliary
      activity at 60 and 180 fields per second (fps). Temperature-controlled
      experiments were facilitated by a specially designed observation chamber. A total
      of 1150 measurements were performed on intact tissue (edge and surface
      observations) and single cells. The overall mean values of CBF at 60 fps (18.8
      Hz) and 180 fps (19.1 Hz) were statistically indistinguishable (p less than
      0.05). A temperature variation of 0.235 Hz/degree C was obtained for the range 24
      27 degrees C. Comparison of results by two observers at both field rates
      indicated no statistical differences. The variation of CBF with time after
      collection was also not significant. It was determined that measurements obtained
      from the edge and single-cell recordings were preferable to those obtained from
      surface observations.

PMID- 3873445
TI  - Treatment of myoclonic dystonia with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
AB  - The use of a transcutaneous nerve stimulator yielded positive results in a
      condition marked by involuntary movements (tremors and myoclonias) and dystonia.
      In the absence of clues to the pathophysiology of the myoclonus and dystonia, it
      is argued that transcutaneous stimulation induces an action on the
      neurotransmitters that inhibits neuromuscular function.

PMID- 3873446
TI  - Prevalence of low genital tract infectious agents in young Israeli women.
AB  - Low genital tract infectious agents were examined 411 times in 386 young women.
      Each examination included anamnesis, physical examination and broad-spectrum
      microbiologic analysis for the detection of: Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia
      trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida species, Mycoplasma hominis,
      Streptococcus beta hemolyticus Group B, Hemophilus vaginalis, Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae and syphilis serology. Three hundred and six patients were
      symptomatic for low genital tract infection and 80 were asymptomatic. Most
      patients were young, 19.6 +/- 1.7 (SD) years old, single (84.7%) and sexually
      active (87.4%). U. urealyticum and C. trachomatis were the most common agents
      recovered in 43.9 and 40.8% of symptomatic patients, respectively. All agents
      were isolated more frequently in the symptomatic group, but statistically
      significant group comparisons were obtained only for Candida sp. (P less than
      0.001), T. vaginalis (P less than 0.005) and M. hominis (P less than 0.05). N.
      gonorrhoeae was isolated in only one case (0.3%), which may reflect technical
      difficulties or a true very low prevalence of this agent. Clinical diagnoses of
      candidiasis and trichomoniasis in symptomatic patients were confirmed by
      laboratory results in only 34.9 and 54.9%, whereas negative clinical diagnoses
      were confirmed in 83.9 and 73.2%, respectively.

PMID- 3873447
TI  - Graves' ophthalmopathy, ocular myasthenia gravis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
AB  - A case of Graves' ophthalmopathy, ocular myasthenia gravis (MG) and Hashimoto's
      thyroiditis is presented, an association that has not been previously reported. A
      22-year-old woman presented with exophthalmos and a normal-sized thyroid. Four
      years later, shortly after delivery of her second child, ocular MG developed.
      Twenty years after her initial symptoms, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and mild
      hypothyroidism were diagnosed. Treatment of the latter brought about marked
      improvement of the ophthalmoplegia. The differential diagnosis of ophthalmoplegia
      is discussed, and the importance of recognizing and treating hypothyroidism in MG
      is emphasized. Since Hashimoto's thyroiditis as well as MG have an abnormality of
      T-lymphocyte regulatory function, and the autoimmune process is directed in both
      diseases against cell membrane receptors, they can be considered as
      pathogenetically related. The reported case exemplifies this association.

PMID- 3873448
TI  - Inhibition of T lymphocyte activation by estramustine: dose-dependent
      interference with IL-2 production and later proliferation events.
AB  - Estramustine, a nitrogen mustard derivative of estradiol-17 beta widely used for
      treatment of prostatic cancer, was found to inhibit the proliferative response of
      mouse lymphocytes to T (concanavalin A) and B (lipopolysaccharide) cell mitogens
      in vitro. Concanavalin A-induced lymphoproliferation was considerably more
      sensitive to the antiproliferative effect of estramustine than lipopolysaccharide
      stimulated proliferation. The concentration of estramustine selectively
      inhibiting T lymphocyte proliferation was only active when present during the
      first 24 h of culture and could be overcome by exogenously added interleukin 2.
      Estramustine was shown to directly inhibit the production of interleukin 2 in
      concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocyte cultures without affecting the expression of
      interleukin 2 receptors. Thus the preferential inhibitory effect of estramustine
      on mitogen-induced T lymphocyte activation is apparently mediated by interference
      with the production or release of interleukin 2.

PMID- 3873449
TI  - [1st report on the use of an autogenous tissue adhesive in otorhinolaryngology].
AB  - An autogenous tissue glue has been developed at the ENT Department of the
      University Clinic Graz. It is prepared from the patient's own plasma, and has the
      following advantages: There is no danger of transmitting infectious diseases,
      there are no problems with storage, temperature and expiration date. The glue is
      produced at room temperature and is cheap. The production and application of this
      autologous tissue glue are described and a first report is given on initial
      experiences.

PMID- 3873450
TI  - [Fibrin glue to prevent hematomas after rhinosurgical interventions].
AB  - In the period from 1980 till 1983 fibrin tissue glue was used in 30 rhinosurgical
      operations. The formation of haematomas and effusions was prevented. Two examples
      are presented. No haematoma was observed. The post operative recovery was
      improved.

PMID- 3873451
TI  - [Use of fibrin glue in microsurgery of the ear. An analysis of operations at the
      Pisa ENT Clinic].
AB  - The authors report the indications for and methods of application of fibrin glue
      in reconstructive microsurgery of the middle ear. On the basis of 180
      interventions, they describe in detail the use of fibrin glue in myringo- and
      tympanoplasty for correct fixing of grafts. Furthermore, they illustrate the
      particular use of fibrin glue in reconstruction of the incudostapedial joint, in
      covering eroded areas of the lateral semicircular canal and in one case of
      perilymph gusher.

PMID- 3873452
TI  - Clinical and physiological basis for a new method underlying rehabilitation of
      the damaged visual nerve function by direct electric stimulation.
AB  - A new method of rehabilitation of damaged visual nerves has been tested during
      clinical physiological investigations in 45 patients with pathological
      opticochiasmal brain tumor, inflammation and trauma. The essence of the new
      method was in implanting the electrode into the nerve when the patient was
      operated on for the pathological formation and in directly stimulating the nerves
      for 2 or 3 postoperational weeks. Effectiveness of electrical stimulation was
      increased by direct recording of the electroneurogram as well as by the results
      of ophthalmological observations. Considerable improvement of vision was observed
      in 75%, and in 25% of these cases the vision was found to actually normalize.
      Even in cases of total blindness, vision was partially rehabilitated in 8 of 10
      cases. Direct electrophysiological investigation of the visual nerve potentials
      enabled us to objectively estimate their functional state, predict the
      probability of visual rehabilitation as well as increase the efficiency of
      therapy. Neurophysiological mechanisms of visual rehabilitation under the
      influence of electrical stimulation of the visual nerves are discussed.

PMID- 3873453
TI  - Neutrophilic leukocytosis associated with metastatic fibrosarcoma in a dog.
AB  - A 3 1/2-year-old dog with extensive tumor metastases to the lungs was found to
      have neutrophilic leukocytosis termed a leukemoid reaction. The term leukemoid
      reaction describes an absolute increase in the blood leukocyte concentration
      without regard to a predominant cell type or to the degree of cell immaturity.
      These types of reactions are extremely difficult to differentiate from leukemia.
      Leukemoid reactions can be acute or chronic and they may have an infectious,
      inflammatory, toxic, or neoplastic origin. Those reactions attributable to
      neoplasia have been documented in medical literature, but the mechanism causing
      the granulocytosis has not always been clearly understood. A granulopoietin
      capable of stimulating a leukemoid reaction may be elaborated by certain types of
      tumors, tumors with extensive metastasis, or tumors involving the lungs, liver,
      or stomach.

PMID- 3873454
TI  - Upper gastrointestinal therapeutic endoscopy.

PMID- 3873455
TI  - Kinetic rates of tryptic digestion of bovine cardiac myofibrils. An improved
      measurement of cross-bridge dissociation.
AB  - The rates of tryptic digestion of the 50/20-kDa junction in myosin in cardiac
      myofibrils were determined under various solvent conditions. This cleavage
      reaction is slow in the rigor solvent and proceeds at a fast rate in the presence
      of MgATP. When the reaction solvent contains 50% ethylene glycol, the digestion
      of myosin in the presence of MgATP occurs at the same rate as in myofibrils
      relaxed by Mg adenyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP). It is shown that with the
      help of two reference rates of digestion, for attached and dissociated myosin
      heads, the initial cleavage rates of myosin in the presence of nucleotides
      accurately measure the dissociation of cross-bridges from actin in myofibrils.
      Under physiological salt conditions and at 24 degrees C, MgADP, MgPPi, and MgAMP
      PNP cause only small cross-bridge detachment (less than or equal to 15%) in
      cardiac myofibrils. The dissociation of myosin from actin is greatly increased by
      lowering the solvent temperature to 4 degrees C. Lowering the salt concentration
      of the solvent from 0.1 to 0.01 M NaCl has the most pronounced effect on the
      rates of myosin digestion in the presence of MgATP. In the low salt medium a
      substantial fraction of myosin heads (at least 30%) appears to be attached to
      actin in the presence of 5 mM MgATP.

PMID- 3873456
TI  - Functional electrical stimulation of the peroneal nerve for hemiplegia. Long-term
      clinical follow-up.

PMID- 3873457
TI  - Metachondromatosis. Report of four cases.

PMID- 3873458
TI  - Electrical stimulation in the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the
      tibia.
AB  - A treatment regime using electrical stimulation in association with a variety of
      surgical procedures has improved the prognosis in congenital pseudarthrosis of
      the tibia--one of the most challenging of all orthopaedic disorders. The
      technique consists of correction of the tibial deformity, intramedullary fixation
      and cancellous bone grafting, augmented by electrical stimulation using an
      implanted bone-growth stimulator. Experience with 27 pseudarthroses in 25
      patients is presented; of those, 20 have joined. The cases have been reviewed and
      the causes of failure analysed. These results offer encouragement to the
      orthopaedic surgeon treating this difficult condition.

PMID- 3873459
TI  - The effect of induced electric currents on bone after experimental osteotomy in
      sheep.
AB  - We have investigated the effect of currents induced by electromagnetic fields on
      the healing of the tibia of sheep after osteotomy, using objective and
      quantifiable criteria wherever possible. A battery-powered, induction apparatus
      was developed and was enclosed within the cast applied to the limb, so that the
      treated fractures received pulsed magnetic fields for 24 hours a day while the
      animals were freely mobile. In all, 13 sheep were treated and 13 were used as
      controls. The response was assessed by radiography of the limb and of the excised
      bone, by histology, including measurement of the areas of callus, fibrocallus and
      cortical bone, and by measurement of the uptake and extraction of bone-seeking
      mineral. All the bones healed and no statistically significant differences
      between the treated animals and the controls were discovered except (at only P
      less than 0.05) in the uptake of bone-seeking mineral; this increased more
      rapidly in treated animals over the two to three weeks after osteotomy, although
      at six weeks the uptake in both groups was the same.

PMID- 3873460
TI  - Direct coronary surgery with saphenous vein bypass without either cardiopulmonary
      bypass or cardiac arrest.
AB  - From October, 1980 to April, 1983, 30 patients underwent direct coronary surgery
      without either cardiopulmonary bypass or cardiac arrest. Patients were selected
      according to the site of the lesion or the condition of the vessel, i.e.
      generally arteries with a good calibre (more than 1.5 mm), without big plaques in
      the anastomotic area and lesions limited to the left anterior descending, the
      diagonal or the right coronary arteries, independently from the clinical
      condition or state of left ventricular function. Eighteen had stable angina, 10
      unstable angina, 2 post-myocardial infarction angina, and 4 had a severe
      concomitant disease. The operations performed were: 17 simple aorto-coronary
      bypasses, 11 double bypasses and 2 triple bypasses. When it was necessary to
      revascularize the diagonal or the left anterior descending artery, the operating
      table was rotated to the right, a gauze pack was applied posteriorly and the
      arteries were sutured with 6-0 or 7-0 prolene sutures. There were no deaths and
      no perioperative infarctions. It should be noted that to date this technique
      could be used only on 7% of our patients, but we consider this percentage could
      be increased in the future.

PMID- 3873461
TI  - The effects of low flow, low pressure pulsatile bypass.
AB  - The effects of low flow low pressure pulsatile bypass were studied in 90
      consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. Overall pump flow rate
      (OFR) was 19-49 (mean 31 +/- 7) ml/kg/min at all temperatures. Moderate (28
      degrees C) hypothermia was used. When cross-clamped flow was 17-49 (mean 27 +/-
      7) ml/kg/min and mean perfusion pressure 50-60 mmHg. Priming volume (PV) was
      reduced to 1.45 +/- 0.02 L (range 1.2-2.0 L) PV, cardioplegia and volume
      additions were considered as total bypass crystalloid (TBC) and this correlated
      positively with increased post-operative positive water balance (r = 0.58, P less
      than 0.001). Bypass urine output averaged 135 +/- 24 ml (range 0-1,000 ml) was
      unrelated to OFR and correlated only with TBC (r=0.47, P less than 0.001). In 86
      a single cardioplegia dose of 0.7 L (range 0.4-0.8 L) sufficed for this ischaemic
      period (mean 46 +/- 16 min). Four required a further 0.2-0.3 L. Their ischemic
      times were 44-74 min (mean 59 +/- 13 PNS). Inotropes were used in only 3
      patients. Post-operatively 7 required diuretics for low hourly urine flow. Of the
      76 with normal pre-operative renal function urea rose transiently in 15. Three
      had raised urea for over 9 days. Creatinine rose transiently in 7 but persisted
      in only one. Plasma cortisol (n=78) rose in 67 and fell in 11, indicating,
      overall, an adequate metabolic response. Plasma free haemoglobin before and after
      bypass varied widely and did not correlate with flow rate or perfusion
      time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3873463
TI  - High-performance thin-layer chromatographic determination of trimethoprim and
      sulphamethoxazole in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

PMID- 3873462
TI  - Work status after coronary artery bypass operation.
AB  - Cost benefit arguments have been advanced for the coronary artery bypass graft
      operation. Most patients experience improvement in symptoms and many can return
      to a productive livelihood. To estimate the rate of return to work and identify
      the factors influencing the outcome, we analysed the work status before and after
      operation in 100 consecutive patients undergoing CABG operation. Overall relief
      or improvement in symptoms was accomplished in 80% of the patients and there was
      a 5% net increase to the work force after surgery. Of all variables studied,
      preoperative work status and the educational level, symptomatology and patency of
      the CABG (in the 62 patients in whom this parameter was checked) were found to be
      the most relevant predictors of the postoperative return to work. Coronary artery
      bypass graft surgery appears to be a positive intervention for improving the work
      status of patients with severe coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3873464
TI  - Specific mass fragmentographic assay for 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D in human plasma
      using a deuterated internal standard.
AB  - A specific mass fragmentographic assay for the measurement of 25,26
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 [25,26(OH)2D3] in human plasma, using a stable isotope
      labelled internal standard ([26,27-2H5]25,26(OH)2D3), is described. Plasma
      samples (5 ml) were extracted with acetonitrile and applied to a C18 Sep-Pak
      cartridge, from which the vitamin D metabolites were eluted with methanol. The
      metabolites were then applied to a Sep-Pak SIL cartridge and three fractions were
      collected. The most polar fraction, containing the polyhydroxylated metabolites,
      was further purified by high-performance liquid chromatography on Zorbax SIL. The
      eluent containing 25,26(OH)2D3 was collected, and the 25,26-n-butylboronate
      cyclic ester 3-trimethylsilyl ether derivative was formed. Gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry was carried out, monitoring the intensities of the ions at m/z
      449 and m/z 454 (for the internal standard). These ions represent the loss of a
      methyl group and the 3-silanol group, (M-90-15)+. The minimum limit of detection
      of the assay was estimated to be approximately 0.05 microgram/l. Inter-assay
      (3.7%) and intra-assay (8.0%) precision was acceptable and added 25,26(OH)2D3,
      over the concentration range 0.5-1.5 microgram/l, was recovered quantitatively.
      The plasma 25,26(OH)2D3 level was estimated in 26 healthy volunteers and ranged
      from 0.05 to 1.30 microgram/l, with a mean value of 0.54 microgram/l.

PMID- 3873465
TI  - Analysis of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (bentiromide) metabolites in
      urine by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the analysis of
      bentiromide metabolites in urine. The procedure involves no more than direct
      injection of the diluted urine sample, obviating the need for an extraction step
      or an internal standard. A mu Bondapak C18 column is used with a mobile phase of
      0.01 M tetrabutylammonium chloride (pH 7.4)--methanol (9:1). A flow-rate of 1.4
      ml/min, detection at 254 nm and column temperature of 40 degrees C are employed.
      These conditions were achieved by investigating the effects of mobile phase pH,
      and concentrations and types of organic modifiers, buffers and ion-pairing agents
      on the resolution of the metabolites. The analysis time is 18 min per sample and
      the coefficient of variation on replicate assays is less than 10% for most
      concentrations studied. Analytical recoveries were between 95 and 100% throughout
      the appropriate concentration ranges and no interferences were obtained with the
      exception of p-acetamidobenzoyl glucuronide which could be eliminated by
      treatment of the samples with beta-glucuronidase. Concentration profiles of the
      metabolites were studied in normal subjects, and the method was found to be
      potentially useful for clinical situations in which the existing bentiromide test
      leads to ambiguous results because of small bowel and hepatic dysfunctions.

PMID- 3873466
TI  - Estimation of plasma hydroxychloroquine by high-performance liquid chromatography
      with ultraviolet detection.

PMID- 3873467
TI  - A dual-column HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of DHPG (9-[(1,3
      dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]guanine) and its mono and diesters in biological
      samples.
AB  - A convenient method for the simultaneous determination of various DHPG species
      present in biological samples is presented. This method utilizes a cation
      exchange column (25 cm X 4.6 mm i.d.) coupled in series to a short reversed-phase
      column (5 cm X 4.6 mm i.d.). The mobile phase consists of methanol:0.005M
      ammonium phosphate buffer, pH 2.5. There is a large polarity difference between
      DHPG and its esters due to the non-polar side chain of the ester moiety. The
      simultaneous determination of the diesters, monoesters, and DHPG in these samples
      using only the cation exchange or the reversed-phase column is not possible
      without time-consuming gradient elution. In the reversed-phase mode alone, the
      esters are highly retained relative to DHPG, whereas the esters are only slightly
      retained on a cation exchange column and are insensitive to changes in pH and
      ionic strength of the mobile phase. However, a combination of these two columns
      provides interesting selectivity for these compounds and offers a unique way of
      controlling the retention times of these species relative to each other. The
      retention time of esters can be selectively altered (with respect to DHPG) by
      changing the composition of methanol in the mobile phase. In contrast, the
      retention time of DHPG is controlled by changing the buffer strength and pH of
      the mobile phase.

PMID- 3873468
TI  - Androgen receptor in cultured human testicular fibroblasts.
AB  - Androgen receptors and 5 alpha-reductase activity were studied previously in
      genital skin fibroblasts cultured from normal subjects and patients with
      abnormalities of sex differentiation. We have now identified and characterized
      the androgen receptor in cultured human testis fibroblasts (HTF). HTF possess
      specific receptor proteins for androgens and translocate the receptor-steroid
      complex to nuclei. Approximately 50% of total cell binding was within nuclei, and
      60-70% of nuclear binding was extracted by 0.5 M KCl (1 h; 0 C). Specific binding
      of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was absent in HTF cultured from three patients with
      receptor-negative complete androgen insensitivity. 5 alpha-Reductase activity was
      very low (less than 100 pg 5 alpha-reduced products/micrograms DNA X h) in HTF
      after incubation with 200 nM [3H] testosterone (T). Based on this finding,
      androgen receptor binding of T was studied and resulted in a maximum binding
      capacity similar to that for DHT, but with a slightly lesser binding affinity
      (Kd). Binding to the receptor in HTF was specific for androgens (DHT, T, and
      R1881). [3H]DHT (2 nM) binding in the presence of 100 nM radioinert steroid was
      decreased by DHT (87%), R1881 (82%), and T (72%), but less with estradiol (53%),
      progesterone (31%), androstanediol (23%), and dexamethasone (10%). The androgen
      receptor in HTF was characterized as a macromolecule which sedimented at 4-5S on
      0.4 M KCl sucrose density gradients and eluted as three high mol wt peaks on
      Sephacryl S-300 chromatography. Low but detectable aromatase activity was present
      in HTF and had the characteristics of being induced by glucocorticoid and having
      a Km similar to that of aromatase activity for genital skin fibroblasts. In
      summary, specific androgen receptors are present in HTF, and their
      characteristics are similar to those previously described for genital skin
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 3873470
TI  - [Recent treatment for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (2). Rupture of
      esophageal varices].

PMID- 3873469
TI  - Pitfalls of prenatal diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal
      hyperplasia.
AB  - Hormonal measurements and HLA genotyping of amniotic fluid at midgestation
      correctly predicted the postnatal diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
      (CAH) in 29 of 32 fetuses at risk. Of these 29, 7 were predicted to have prenatal
      onset classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OH def) based on elevated amniotic
      fluid 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4-A)
      levels. These 7 fetuses and their index cases were ultimately proven to have salt
      wasting classical 21-OH def. Of 5 who were HLA typed, the genotype was identical
      to the index case in 4; in one, HLA prediction was not possible, because the
      parents shared identical HLA antigens. Normal amniotic fluid 17-OHP and delta 4-A
      levels in the remaining 22 fetuses predicted that they were not affected with
      classical CAH. These children have been clinically asymptomatic to date or proven
      biochemically not to have classical or nonclassical CAH. Of the 22 fetuses, 11
      were predicted by HLA genotyping to be homozygous normal or heterozygous for 21
      OH def. In 3 of the 32 fetuses, prenatal diagnosis was incorrect. In one, the
      fetus was predicted to have CAH based on HLA identity to the index case. However,
      amniotic fluid 17-OHP and delta 4-A were normal, and the fetus was normal. The
      index case of this family did not have CAH, but was a normal child. Thus,
      amniotic fluid hormone levels accurately predicted a normal fetus, while HLA
      genotyping was not relevant in prenatal diagnosis because the index case was
      unaffected. The second fetus was predicted to be affected on the basis of HLA
      genotyping and to be unaffected based on normal amniotic fluid 17-OHP and delta 4
      A. During infancy, this female infant had postnatal-onset nonclassical CAH. The
      index case in this family, presumed to have classical simple virilizing CAH, was
      later diagnosed to have nonclassical CAH. Thus, in nonclassical CAH, hormonal
      measurement of 17-OHP and delta 4-A is not useful in prenatal diagnosis; only HLA
      genotyping of the fetus is valuable. In the third case, the fetus was predicted
      to be a heterozygote by HLA genotyping and to be unaffected by hormonal
      measurement. Postnatally, at age 2 7/12 yr, the male child was found to have
      classical simple virilizing CAH and to be HLA-B-DR identical to his brother
      (index case) who also has classical simple virilizing CAH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3873471
TI  - Colistin-oxolinic acid blood agar: a selective medium for the isolation of
      Gardnerella vaginalis.
AB  - Colistin-oxolinic acid medium is proposed as a selective isolation medium for
      Gardnerella vaginalis. The medium is effective in inhibiting staphylococci and
      gram-negative bacteria while allowing growth of G. vaginalis.

PMID- 3873472
TI  - Preparation and characterization of antisera and monoclonal antibodies to
      serotonergic and dopaminergic ligands.
AB  - In an attempt to produce polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies to
      serotonin, SKF 38393 (D-1 agonist), dopamine, and haloperidol (D-2 antagonist)
      several procedures for the preparation of immunogenic ligand-protein carrier
      conjugates were investigated. The Mannich reaction utilizing formaldehyde as the
      chemical linker was used to prepare serotonin-protein conjugates; antibodies
      raised to this conjugate reacted specifically to the conjugated serotonin moiety
      but did not react to native serotonin. Chemical conjugations involving
      dimethylpimelylimidate or N-carboxymethyl derivatives for the coupling of
      serotonin, dopamine and SKF 38393 to carrier proteins produced antibodies
      primarily directed against the 'chemical coupling arm' and very little antibody
      activity against the ligand itself could be detected. Synthesis of a haloperidol
      derivative suitable for chemical coupling to a protein carrier via oxobutyric
      acid produced an immunogen which was capable of eliciting both polyclonal and
      monoclonal antibodies specific for the hapten. The pitfalls of the various
      chemical conjugation procedures and the difficulties of producing antibodies to
      free ligands are discussed.

PMID- 3873473
TI  - Extractable nuclear antigen autoantibodies and their association with other
      autoantibodies and thymoma in myasthenia gravis.
AB  - The presence of autoantibodies to Extractable Nuclear Antigens (ENA) in
      myasthenia gravis (MG) was evaluated. These antibodies represent a subset of
      antinuclear antibodies (ANA), with ENA consisting of RNA and nucleoprotein. ENA
      autoantibodies had a prevalence of 44% in MG when tested by an

PMID- 3873474
TI  - Histocompatibility antigens in Osgood-Schlatter disease.
AB  - Eighteen unrelated children (12 boys and six girls) with Osgood-Schlatter disease
      (OSD) were evaluated by history, physical examination, and histocompatibility
      antigen [human leukocyte antigen (HLA)] determination. Four boys and two girls
      had pain at sites other than the tibial tuberosity. By history, other related
      individuals with a diagnosis of OSD were found in six of the 18 families. The
      distributions of HLA antigens (A, B, and DR) were not demonstrably abnormal. The
      similarity of OSD and enthesitis accompanying HLA-B27-associated arthropathy may
      cause diagnostic difficulty. The lack of an association between OSD and HLA-B27
      may be of assistance in differentiating the two disorders.

PMID- 3873475
TI  - Characterization of antigens from nontypable Haemophilus influenzae recognized by
      human bactericidal antibodies. Role of Haemophilus outer membrane proteins.
AB  - Major outer membrane antigens, proteins, and lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), from
      nontypable Haemophilus influenzae were characterized and examined as targets for
      complement-dependent human bactericidal antibodies. Outer membranes from two
      nontypable H. influenzae isolates that caused otitis media and pneumonia (middle
      ear and transtracheal aspirates) were prepared by shearing organisms in EDTA.
      These membranes were compared with membranes prepared independently by
      spheroplasting and lysozyme treatment of whole cells and found to have: similar
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) patterns of
      the proteins; identical densities (rho = 1.22 g/cm3); and minimal d-lactose
      dehydrogenase activity indicating purity from cytoplasmic membranes. Outer
      membranes were solubilized in an LPS-disaggregating buffer and proteins were
      separated from LPS by molecular sieve chromatography. The SDS-PAGE patterns of
      outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from the two strains differed in the major band
      although other prominent bands appeared similar in molecular weight. LPS prepared
      by hot phenol water extraction of each of the strains contained 45% (pneumonia
      isolate) and 60% (otitis isolate) lipid (wt/wt), 49% and 50% carbohydrate
      (wt/wt), respectively, and less than 1%, 3-deoxy-manno octulosonic acid.
      Immunoglobulin M (IgM) purified from normal human serum (NHS) plus complement was
      bactericidal for both strains. Purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) from NHS killed
      the middle ear isolate and immune convalescent IgM from the serum of the patient
      with pneumonia killed his isolate. NHS or convalescent serum were absorbed with
      OMPs and LPS (0.6-110 micrograms) from each of the strains and immune specific
      inhibition of bactericidal antibody activity by each antigen was determined. OMPs
      from the pulmonary isolate inhibited bactericidal antibody activity directed
      against the isolate in both NHS (1.5 microgram of antigen) and immune serum (0.75
      microgram of antigen). OMPs (60 micrograms) from the ear isolate also inhibited
      bactericidal activity in the respective immune serum. LPSs exhibited minimal
      inhibition (greater than 110 micrograms). Three human sera (two normal, one
      immune) were selectively depleted of 80% of antibody activity against OMPs
      (measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) by affinity chromatography using
      OMPs from the pulmonary isolate coupled to a solid phase. These OMP antibody
      depleted sera also showed an 88% reduction of bactericidal activity against this
      strain. Immunopurified antibody against OMPs eluted from the solid phase was
      bactericidal.

PMID- 3873477
TI  - Anti-rheumatic and analgesic drug usage and acute gastro-intestinal bleeding in
      elderly patients.
AB  - The records of 1878 general medical in-patients (aged 75 years and over) at
      Hereford have been examined for associations between the commonly used
      antirheumatic and analgesic drugs and acute gastro-intestinal bleeding. One third
      of 93 in-patients admitted because of acute bleeding had been taking ibuprofen,
      indomethacin or aspirin. The usage of these drugs was significantly greater than
      in the control population who comprised the remaining 1785 elderly medical in
      patients. It is suggested that very elderly patients taking any of these three
      drugs form a vulnerable high risk group who are liable to develop acute gastro
      intestinal bleeding.

PMID- 3873476
TI  - Cross-reactive idiotypes in immunoglobulin A-deficient sera.
AB  - Mice of inbred strains immunized with simple antigens can produce antibodies that
      share similar V regions, which result in serologic similarities called cross
      reactive idiotypes (CRI). In this study, we considered the possibility that IgA
      deficient humans, who are continuously immunized via the intestinal tract by
      dietary protein, might also produce antibodies sharing CRI. For this, anti-casein
      antibodies were isolated from the blood of 16 adult IgA-deficient donors (4 Finns
      and 12 North Americans) and an autologous anti-anti-casein from the blood of one
      of the Finnish donors. In addition, a heterologous anti-anti-casein was raised to
      the casein-anti-casein immune complexes of this donor. Comparing the activities
      of the two anti-idiotypes, it was found that both bind anti-casein in the region
      of the antigen binding site, but that each binds additional determinants not
      located within this region, with the heterologous reagent having more affinity
      for these latter determinants than the autologous anti-idiotype. Using both
      reagents in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition assays, extensive cross
      reactivities between anti-caseins were demonstrated. Using the autologous anti
      idiotype, 5 of 16 anti-caseins were found to share CRI, and with the heterologous
      reagent 12 of 16 shared CRI. In both assays, the anti-caseins of Finnish donors
      displayed more cross-reactivity than those derived from Northern American donors.
      These studies show that specific, commonly shared CRI can be identified in this
      human system in which antibodies are raised as a result of natural immunization
      across the gastrointestinal mucosa.

PMID- 3873478
TI  - Measuring drug-induced eye irritation: a simple new clinical assay.
AB  - Thirty-six normal subjects received a drop in either eye of two of four
      ophthalmic solutions, balanced saline (S), carteolol, 1% (C1), carteolol, 2%
      (C2), or timolol, 0.5% (T), in a double-blind, randomized trial in a balanced
      incomplete block design. Subjects reported immediately, at three, and again at
      ten minutes after administration whether one eye felt more irritated and marked
      an analog scale of irritation. An observer also made ratings at three minutes
      based on responses to stereotyped questions. Significant differences in
      irritation between timolol and each of the other drugs and placebo were shown by
      analog scale scores immediately after instillation of the solutions. Maximum
      likelihood estimates were calculated based on statements of subject preference,
      and a significant preference was demonstrated. Observer ratings also demonstrated
      a treatment effect. This simple clinical assay system provides a new, valid
      method for estimating irritation induced by ophthalmic solutions.

PMID- 3873479
TI  - Peripheral nerve grafts to the frog optic tectum: a morphological study of
      foreign axon regeneration in the central nervous system.
AB  - The proximal stump of a transected mandibular nerve was grafted onto the
      rostrodorsal surface of the optic tectum in adult Rana pipiens to investigate the
      morphologic characteristics of nonspecific axonal regeneration in a highly
      organized region of central nervous system (CNS). Within the first 3 weeks
      postgraft surgery (WPS), the nerve-tectum interface became firmly established.
      Concomitant with this was an invasion of the host tectum by a small number of
      fine "pioneerlike" axons from the nerve. By 6 WPS there developed a concerted
      instreaming of a large number of peripheral fibers. Once within the CNS, the
      foreign axons distributed themselves throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the
      tectum, but primarily its dorsal aspect within superficial layers 8 and 9.
      Presence of intact optic fibers at the time of mandibular fiber invasion served
      somewhat to restrict the regenerating aberrant axons in their course through
      layer 9. This restriction could be avoided by removal of the optic input either
      before or during peripheral ingrowth. However, once peripheral fibers had entered
      and established themselves in the host environment, no subsequent manipulation of
      the retinotectal projection had any effect. The aberrant growth pattern, which
      appeared remarkably stable after 6 WPS, consisted of a plexus of medium- and fine
      caliber peripheral axons. Many of these fibers had numerous branches and "en
      passant" varicosities, the latter encompassing a variety of shapes and sizes.
      Terminal swellings and arborizations were also found. When comparing the
      regeneration of optic and mandibular nerve fibers in the tectum, two distinctions
      were made. Whereas optic axons revealed a fascicular and layered organization,
      mandibular axons showed a highly segregated and disordered growth pattern. These
      characteristic differences were maintained even when the two fiber systems were
      allowed to coregenerate into the same target tectum. Thus, each of the two groups
      of axons interacts with the tectal substrate in a distinct manner, apparently
      independent of the other.

PMID- 3873480
TI  - Effects of feeding whole cottonseed on composition of milk.
AB  - Complete mixed diets containing 0, 10, 15, or 20% whole cottonseed were fed to 12
      cows in a 4 X 4 Latin square design. Cows were assigned to the Latin square by
      production status resulting in one square each for cows in early first lactation
      and older cows either in early or late lactation. Diets were fed for ad libitum
      intake, and periods were 21 days. Percentages of milk fat and total solids
      increased, and protein percentage decreased with cottonseed feeding. Milk casein
      nitrogen decreased from .387 to .375% with cottonseed feeding. Nitrogen in whey
      remained unchanged, and nonprotein nitrogen increased. Proportion of total
      nitrogen in casein and whey fractions was not altered, but proportion of
      nonprotein nitrogen increased. Cottonseed decreased proportions of short-chain
      fatty acids (carbon-6 to carbon-16) in milk and increased stearic and oleic
      acids. Actual yield of milk was not affected by cottonseed feeding, but yields of
      fat-corrected milk and milk fat were increased. Production status affected milk
      composition with older cows in early lactation producing milk of lower fat, total
      solids, and protein content compared with cows in other groups. Casein nitrogen
      was highest for first-lactation and lowest for older, high-producing cows. Whey
      nitrogen was highest for older, low-producing cows. First-lactation cows had the
      highest proportion of nitrogen in the casein fraction, and older, low-producing
      cows had the lowest. Milk fatty acid composition changed little with status.

PMID- 3873481
TI  - The stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by oral bacteria:
      macrophage and T-cell dependence.
AB  - Human peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes from individuals with moderate
      periodontitis were separated into purified subpopulations of T lymphocytes and B
      lymphocytes by rosetting with sheep red blood cells (E). All three lymphocyte
      subpopulations were compared for proliferative responses to cell walls from seven
      oral bacteria, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM),
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and streptolysin-O (SLO). Mononuclear cells and a re
      combined subpopulation consisting of four parts purified T lymphocytes and one
      part B lymphocytes responded significantly to all of the stimulants. Purified T
      lymphocytes by themselves responded significantly to PHA and PWM, but were
      unresponsive to oral bacteria and SLO; however, T lymphocytes cultured with 2%
      autologous macrophages responded significantly to all seven oral bacterial cell
      walls and to SLO, which indicates that T-cell responses to oral bacteria are
      macrophage-dependent. T-cell-depleted non-E-rosette-forming B cells by themselves
      were poorly responsive to all of the tested stimulants; however, the responses of
      these cells to oral bacteria, PWM, LPS, and SLO increased significantly in the
      presence of 10% mitomycin-C-treated T cells, demonstrating that B cell
      proliferation to these stimulants is T-cell-dependent.

PMID- 3873482
TI  - Color vision in dentistry: a survey.

PMID- 3873483
TI  - Detection of intrapericardial hematoma after open heart surgery: the roles of
      echocardiography and computed tomography.
AB  - Two patients who had right atrial compression caused by intrapericardial
      hematomas after coronary artery bypass grafting and aortic valve replacement are
      described. During the course of postoperative evaluation, each patient underwent
      an echocardiographic examination followed by computed tomography of the chest.
      Two-dimensional echocardiography visualized the hematomas in both cases. Computed
      tomography played a useful adjunctive role by further clarifying their nature,
      location and extent.

PMID- 3873484
TI  - Twenty years with IgE: from the identification of IgE to regulatory factors for
      the IgE response.

PMID- 3873485
TI  - Antigen-induced acceleration of shedding and replacement of B cell antigen
      receptors requires mature T cells.
AB  - To determine which early and intermediate events in the response of antigen
      binding B cells to a T-dependent antigen (sheep erythrocytes [SRC]) require T
      help, the antigen-induced changes in receptor turnover and surface IgD loss in
      BALB/c athymic nu/nu mice were compared with that of nu/+ littermates and +/+
      BALB/c mice. Nonimmune SRC antigen-binding spleen B cells (ABC) from +/+, nu/+,
      and nu/nu BALB/c mice coexpressed IgM and IgD, and 85 to 95% retained receptors
      well when incubated for 2.5 hr in 100 micrograms/ml cycloheximide (which prevents
      receptor replacement). Also they were able to regain their ability to bind
      antigen by 18 hr after pronase treatment, but not by 2 hr. However, 5 days after
      in vivo immunization, 1) the proportion of ABC expressing surface IgD declined
      from around 90% to less than 50% in +/+ mice and nu/+ mice but not in nu/nu mice;
      2) substantial recovery of antigen-binding occurred by 2 hr after pronase
      treatment in +/+ and nu/+ ABC but not in nu/nu ABC; and 3) when spleen cells were
      incubated in cycloheximide, uncompensated receptor shedding reduced +/+ and nu/+
      ABC by around 80% but produced only about a 10% reduction in nu/nu ABC. Thus,
      although the ABC in nonimmune nu/nu mice appeared normal with respect to their
      surface Ig turnover and expression, they failed to undergo the normal antigen
      induced loss of IgD or acceleration of surface Ig shedding and replacement,
      suggesting that these intermediate activation events require interaction with
      mature T cells. To determine whether this interaction had to occur during B cell
      development, during the development of the immune response, or during receptor
      shedding or replacement itself, cell transfer experiments were carried our
      wherein nu/+ T cells were transferred i.v. to nu/nu littermates 1 day before
      immunization with SRC. In the transfer recipients, pronase-treated day 5 ABC were
      then able to replace and shed their receptors at the accelerated rate, like ABC
      from +/+ and nu/+ mice. In contrast, the co-incubation of 5-day immune nu/+ T
      cells with nu/nu B cells did not alter the rate of shedding or replacement.

PMID- 3873486
TI  - Anti-immunoglobulin in combination with cytochalasin stimulates proliferation of
      murine B lymphocytes.
AB  - The ability of cytochalasin to influence the stimulation of murine B lymphocytes
      through surface immunoglobulin was assessed during short term cultures. Modest
      doses of anti-immunoglobulin alone did not stimulate proliferation of mouse
      spleen cells at 2 days. Cytochalasin B alone also had no effect. However, anti
      immunoglobulin in combination with cytochalasin B stimulated substantial
      proliferation as judged by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Cytochalasins A, E, and
      D, and dihydrocytochalasin B were all effective in promoting B cell
      proliferation. Spleen cells from xid-defective (CBA/N X DBA/2)F1 male mice failed
      to proliferate in response to anti-immunoglobulin plus cytochalasin, suggesting
      that this treatment affects the same subset of B cells as anti-immunoglobulin
      plus B cell growth factor. Moreover, proliferation that was stimulated by anti
      immunoglobulin plus cytochalasin B was not affected by T cell depletion.
      Cytochalasin may circumvent the need for, or replace, a second signal for
      proliferation.

PMID- 3873487
TI  - Generation of functional I-Ed variants from an antigen-presenting macrophage cell
      line.
AB  - We report the ability of the BAC1.2 macrophage cell line to present antigen both
      to populations of antigen-primed lymph node cells and to T cell hybridomas. We
      also describe the selection of I-Ed variants derived from this cell line. These
      variants have lost the ability to present antigen to an I-Ed plus ovalbumin
      specific T cell line, but retain the ability to stimulate an I-Ad plus ovalbumin
      restricted T cell line, and a T cell line reactive with I-Ed alone. These
      variants should aid in the elucidation of structural elements of the I-E molecule
      involved in the interaction with helper T cells.

PMID- 3873488
TI  - Differential abilities of human peripheral blood monocytes quantitatively or
      qualitatively differing in HLA-DR and HLA-DS expression to support B cell
      activation in liquid and semisolid cultures.
AB  - The present investigation was performed to determine whether the activation of
      human B cells by Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) in liquid and semi-solid cultures
      might be dependent on distinct subsets of peripheral blood mononuclear-phagocytes
      (M phi) defined by the expression of HLA-DR and HLA-DS determinants. Highly pure
      HLA-DR- M phi functioned as effectively as HLA-DR+ MO in supporting B cell liquid
      proliferative responses when SpA was continuously present in cultures. However,
      HLA-DR+ M phi were two to three times more effective than HLA-DR- M phi in
      promoting B cell proliferative responses when either M phi or B cells were pulsed
      with SpA and were then cultured without supplemental SpA. Similarly, B cell
      activation in semisolid cultures was crucially dependent on HLA-DR+ M phi because
      colony responses were reduced fivefold in the presence of M phi expressing
      low/intermediate HLA-DR levels compared to M phi-containing cells with high HLA
      DR levels. HLA-DS- M phi isolated by two different techniques were more effective
      than HLA-DS+ M phi in supporting both liquid proliferative and colony responses
      of B cells. Flow microcytofluorometry analysis of the dual expression of HLA-DR
      and HLA-DS on highly pure HLA-DR- M phi and HLA-DR+ M phi revealed that both HLA
      DR- and HLA-DR+ M phi expressed low levels of HLA-DS. Importantly, the expression
      of HLA-DS on HLA-DR- M phi was bimodal, with an HLA-DR-, DS+ subset and an HLA-DR
      , DS-subset being present. Other experiments supported the conclusions that the
      differential abilities of the HLA-DR-, -DS-defined subsets of M phi to support B
      cell activation did not represent M phi suppressive effects or differences in IL
      1 production. Collectively, these results indicate that B cell activation can be
      directly supported by M phi whose predominant phenotype is HLA-DR+, -DS-. Thus,
      the accessory cell pathway of B cell activation described here is distinct from
      the pathway known to be required for T cell responsiveness, and could serve to
      provide early alternative or ancillary signals for triggering B cells.

PMID- 3873490
TI  - Detection of cross reactive anti-DNA antibody idiotypes on tissue-bound
      immunoglobulins from skin biopsies of lupus patients.
AB  - Cross-reactive anti-DNA antibody idiotypes have been identified on tissue-bound
      immunoglobulins from skin biopsies of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE) and discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). Four polyclonal and two monoclonal
      anti-idiotypic reagents were used to screen biopsies from 24 patients with SLE,
      23 patients with DLE, and 15 other patients with IgM-positive skin biopsies. Up
      to 46% of the SLE patients and 30% of the DLE patients were found to share
      idiotypes present on immunoglobulins deposited at the dermal-epidermal junction.
      Inhibition studies in four patients indicated that the idiotypes were on anti-DNA
      antibodies. In contrast, none of the anti-idiotypic antibodies bound to any of
      the control biopsies. These findings imply that some tissue-bound autoantibodies
      are derived from related families of high-frequency germ-line genes that are
      expressed in both SLE and DLE.

PMID- 3873489
TI  - Monoclonal anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies with differing capacities to
      induce experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis.
AB  - To study the characteristics of the individual autoantibodies that are important
      in the development of an autoimmune disease, we produced 26 anti-acetylcholine
      receptor (anti-AChR) monoclonal antibodies (mcAb) and studied the experimental
      autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) induced by a number of them. The mcAb
      reactive with mammalian acetylcholine receptor (M-AChR) exhibited a wide range of
      dissociation rates from in situ M-AChR of motor endplates. All anti-M-AChR mcAb
      were capable of producing at least some degree of histopathologic change at the
      endplate indicative of EAMG, but their potencies varied markedly. One mcAb
      induced, even at large doses, only minor macrophage invasion without clinical or
      electromyographic effect. Others induced severe EAMG, and even death, at 1/200th
      the dose. Low potency was associated with high rate of mcAb dissociation from
      antigen. High potency was associated with intermediate avidity, not high avidity.
      These observations suggest that in EAMG, and perhaps in myasthenia gravis, the
      characteristics of the individual antibodies making up the autoimmune response
      can determine the severity of the autoimmune disease.

PMID- 3873491
TI  - Developmental abnormalities of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase positive
      bone marrow cells and thymocytes in New Zealand mice: effects of prostaglandin
      E1.
AB  - The enzyme TdT was used as a marker with which to study the ontogeny of primitive
      lymphopoietic cells in NZ strain mice. A marked accumulation of abnormally large,
      rapidly proliferating TdT+ cells was seen in the subcapsular region of the thymus
      cortex in the NZB and NZB/W mice. This abnormal accumulation of TdT+ thymocytes
      was most pronounced in the NZB/W hybrid and persisted for at least the first 16
      wk of life. In addition, significantly elevated percentages of TdT+ bone marrow
      cells (presumptive prothymocytes) were present in NZB, NZW, and NZB/W mice
      between 1 and 4 wk of age, with the highest mean peak levels occurring in the NZB
      strain. Treatment of both normal and adrenalectomized BALB/c and NZB/W mice with
      pharmacologic doses (7 to 10 mg/kg) of PGE1 caused a marked, dose-dependent
      decrease in thymus weight and thymus cell number within 12 to 18 hr. Histologic
      and cell separation studies showed that this was due to the selective depletion
      of PNA+ TdT+ cortical thymocytes. Similarly, PGE1 caused a reversible, dose
      dependent decrease in the percentage of TdT+ bone marrow cells. In contrast, PGF2
      alpha, which is not therapeutically active against autoimmunity in NZB/W mice,
      had no detectable effect on TdT+ bone marrow cells or thymocytes in BALB/c or
      NZB/W mice. These results directly document the existence of abnormalities in the
      development of lymphopoietic precursor cells in the bone marrow and thymus cortex
      of NZ strain mice prior to the onset of autoimmune phenomena. The results also
      raise the possibility that the therapeutic efficacy of exogenous PGE1 in
      autoimmune NZ strain mice may be related, at least in part, to its ability to
      rectify the abnormal development of these early lymphoid cells.

PMID- 3873492
TI  - Interferon-like activity in an anti-interferon anti-idiotypic hybridoma antibody.
AB  - We describe here an anti-idiotypic hybridoma antibody directed against affinity
      purified rabbit idiotypic antibodies (Rb-Id) to a homogeneous protein, the
      recombinant human leukocyte A interferon (rIFN-alpha A). The supernatant of the
      hybridoma, designated 3-1B, was able to inhibit the neutralization of rIFN-alpha
      A activity by the idiotypic antibodies. An in vivo passage of uncloned 3-1B cells
      yielded hybridoma cells (presumably a subclone), designated 3B1, the supernatant
      of which exhibited interferon-like antiviral activity with both bovine kidney
      (MDBK) cells and human amnion (WISH) cells. This activity could be absorbed by
      polymer-bound goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin serum and by Rb-Id coupled to Affi
      Gel 10, and could be partially eluted from the latter at pH 2.5. The anti
      idiotypic hybridoma antibody was able to compete with 125I-rIFN-alpha A for
      binding to the Rb-Id and also to interferon receptor-bearing MDBK cells. The
      clinical significance of an interferon-like anti-idiotypic antibody is discussed.

PMID- 3873493
TI  - Role of interleukin 1 in promoting human monocyte-mediated tumor cytotoxicity.
AB  - Human peripheral blood monocytes from normal donors obtained by separation on a
      Percoll gradient showed considerable cytotoxicity against tumor cells when
      preincubated in vitro for 24 hr with human monocyte-derived interleukin 1 (IL 1).
      In contrast, monocytes after pretreatment in medium alone had low cytotoxic
      activity. All the IL 1 preparations, including IL 1 which was purified by high
      performance liquid column chromatography (HPLC), as well as crude culture
      supernatant from human monocytes promoted monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in the
      same dose-dependent manner as the thymocyte growth-promoting activity. There was
      no endotoxin or interferon (IFN) activity in the highly purified IL 1, suggesting
      that IL 1 itself was the active moiety. The effect of IL 1 on monocyte-mediated
      cytotoxicity was partially inhibited by indomethacin, whereas pretreatment of
      monocytes with prostaglandin (PG) E1 or E2 rather than IL 1 also resulted in
      substantial monocyte cytotoxicity. Thus, the effect of IL 1 on monocyte-mediated
      cytotoxicity is presumably mediated by PGE. Since fresh monocytes that were not
      preincubated exhibited levels of spontaneous cytotoxic activity similar to that
      of monocytes preincubated with IL 1, it seemed likely that the effect of IL 1 was
      to maintain the spontaneous level of activity rather than to induce cytotoxic
      activity. To elucidate this possibility, monocytes were first preincubated in
      medium alone for a longer period, and after losing their spontaneous activity
      they were further incubated with or without IL 1. Such "aged" monocytes did not
      develop cytotoxic activity in response to IL 1 but did in response to other
      agents known to induce macrophage cytotoxicity, such as endotoxin or lymphokine
      containing supernatants. Therefore, the major effect of IL 1 actually seemed to
      prolong the cytotoxic state of monocytes. These results also suggest that IL 1
      released by macrophages or monocytes may play a role in host defense against
      neoplastic cells by acting on monocytes as an autostimulating factor.

PMID- 3873494
TI  - Murine Ia-associated invariant chain's processing to complex oligosaccharide
      forms and its dissociation from the I-Ak complex.
AB  - The processing of murine invariant chain (Ii) to a cell surface form bearing
      complex N-linked oligosaccharides has been demonstrated in the B cell lymphoma,
      AKTB-1b. In addition, the rate of processing of pulse-labeled Ii has been
      determined relative to its rate of dissociation from the alpha/beta complex of I
      Ak. Ii, alpha-, and beta-chains were immunoprecipitated with anti-I-Ak or anti-Ii
      monoclonal antibodies. The heretofore uncharacterized complex oligosaccharide
      form of Ii (Ii-c) was identified in gel-purified immunoprecipitates by peptide
      mapping with reverse-phase HPLC. Ii-c is resistant to deglycosylation by Endo H,
      which is specific for high-mannose N-linkages, but can be digested with Endo F, a
      glycosidase capable of cleaving both complex and high-mannose N-linked
      oligosaccharides. Immunoprecipitation of surface iodinated cells indicates that
      Ii-c is expressed on the plasma membrane. Pulse-chase metabolic labeling data
      show that the processing of Ii to Ii-c occurs with a t1/2 of about 120 min. In
      contrast, the processing of both alpha- and beta-chains of I-Ak to complex forms
      occurs with a t1/2 of 15 to 20 min. Our data show that Ii-hm begins to dissociate
      rapidly from the I-Ak complex after 100 to 120 min of chase. Only a small amount
      (less than 5% on a per mole basis) of Ii-c was found associated with the I-Ak
      complexes after 300 min of continuous metabolic labeling. These results are
      consistent with Ii serving as a carrier for Ia antigens as they are transported
      to the cell surface. In addition, they suggest that the processing of Ii to Ii-c,
      or a late processing event of the alpha- and beta-chains, such as their
      sialylation, may be a possible mechanism for inducing the dissociation of Ii from
      the I-Ak complex.

PMID- 3873495
TI  - Anti-IgE autoantibody in patients with atopic dermatitis.
AB  - The anti-IgE autoantibody in the IgG class was detected in 39/45 (86.7%) patients
      with atopic dermatitis by using a newly established solid-phase enzyme
      immunoassay. The epsilon-chain specificity of the anti-IgE autoantibody was
      confirmed by competitive inhibition by using human IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE, and
      heat-denatured IgE protein. Significant correlations were observed between the
      levels of the anti-IgE autoantibody and the serum IgE. Gel filtration studies
      indicated that the anti-IgE autoantibody in sera from atopic dermatitis was
      mainly present in the form of an immune complex with self IgE. The role of the
      IgE-anti-IgE immune complex and the role of the anti-IgE autoantibody in the
      modulation of the IgE-mediated immune system in atopic dermatitis are discussed.

PMID- 3873496
TI  - Lack of correlation between cytotoxic T lymphocytes and lethal murine lymphocytic
      choriomeningitis.
AB  - Adoptive transfer of lymph node and spleen cells from mice infected with LCM
      virus to similarly infected immunocompromised recipients has been the classic way
      to demonstrate the lethal role of T cells in the CNS disease caused by this
      virus. Isolation and adoptive transfer techniques are presented here which show
      that Thy-1+ cells isolated from the meningeal infiltrates (MI) of LCM virus
      infected mice possess this property. We compared various T cell functions of MI
      cells taken from mice infected with two strains of LCM virus differing markedly
      in their pathogenicities. One of these strains, termed aggressive, caused a
      typical, invariably fatal, CNS disease within 7 to 10 days after infection. The
      other virus, termed docile, killed few mice after the standard intracerebral
      inoculation, and could persist in the mice for 6 mo or more. The yields of MI
      leukocytes from mice infected with docile virus varied from 50 to 100% of those
      found in mice infected with aggressive virus (3 X 10(6) cells/brain). On a cell
      to-cell basis, the CTL activity in the MI of mice infected with docile virus
      ranged from 50 to 100% of that found in the MI of mice infected with aggressive
      virus. MI cells from mice infected with aggressive virus consistently caused
      lethal disease by adoptive transfer into immunocompromised (irradiated)
      recipients infected with either strain of virus. All attempts to induce lethal
      disease by adoptive transfer of MI cells (or splenocytes) from mice infected with
      docile virus into irradiated recipients failed. The latter experiments with the
      docile-MI cells were performed with six times the number of aggressive-MI cells
      needed to kill irradiated recipients by adoptive transfer. The possible reasons
      for this discordance between CTL and in vivo killer function are discussed.

PMID- 3873497
TI  - The generation of monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies to human B cell-derived
      leukemias and lymphomas.
AB  - We developed murine anti-idiotype monoclonal antibodies for each of four patients
      with B cell-derived leukemias and lymphomas. Idiotypic immunoglobulin was
      isolated from mouse X human tumor-cell hybridomas or from patients' serum and was
      used to immunize mice for the development of murine anti-idiotype monoclonal
      antibodies. Each patient's anti-idiotype antibodies demonstrated reactivity
      restricted to the immunizing immunoglobulin, thereby limiting their therapeutic
      utility to a single individual. In addition, we isolated isotype switch variants
      of hybridomas producing monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody. The restricted
      specificity of these antibodies was found to be of value for the analysis of the
      extent of malignant B cell infiltration in a variety of tissues from several
      patients. Large populations of idiotype-bearing cells were detectable in biopsy
      specimens from patients K.T. and L.H. In contrast, although bone marrow specimens
      from patient G.D. were apparently devoid of morphologically abnormal cells, a
      small, highly fluorescent population of cells was demonstrable underscoring the
      potential utility of these antibodies for posttreatment evaluation as well as for
      therapy. In a fourth patient, H.M., anti-idiotype antibodies developed against
      the circulating macroglobulin isolated from his plasma failed to react with
      either his circulating or bone marrow hairy cell leukemia cells. However,
      examination of an enlarged inguinal lymph node revealed the presence of a large
      number of idiotype-bearing cells. Thus, the presence of two distinct malignant B
      cell clones were discovered in this individual through the use of anti-idiotype
      monoclonal antibodies. Anti-idiotype antibodies, therefore, represent a highly
      specific tool for the evaluation and potential therapy of B cell malignancies in
      individual patients.

PMID- 3873498
TI  - Identification of a structure on human melanoma cells recognized by CTL
      exhibiting anomalous killer cell function.
AB  - The structures involved in the recognition of melanoma cells by nonspecific
      cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activated in mixed lymphocyte culture were
      investigated with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) which blocked this anomalous killer
      (AK) function. Of over 2000 MAb raised against melanoma cells, only three
      inhibited killing; one of these, an IgMk termed Leo Me13, was investigated in
      detail. In antibody-binding studies using a large range of cultured tumor cells,
      it was shown that Leo Me13 was relatively specific for melanoma cells. Of more
      importance, Leo Me13 inhibited conjugate formation between AK cells and melanoma
      target cells by 60 to 80% and caused an eight- to 10-fold reduction in killing.
      The MAb did not immunoprecipitate protein from melanoma cells surface-labeled
      with 125I, and thin-layer chromatography followed by immunoblotting of the
      separated glycolipids from melanoma cells indicated that the epitope was on
      acidic glycolipids migrating between GM1 and GD1a; moreover, treatment of
      melanoma cells with neuraminidase resulted in complete loss of binding of Leo
      Me13 but not of other anti-melanoma antibodies which did not inhibit AK cell
      mediated lysis. Other melanoma-reactive MAb of the same isotype as Leo Me13 did
      not block killing of melanoma cells, but one documented antibody, R24, an IgG3
      with specificity for the ganglioside GD3, was found to inhibit this function.
      These data suggest that the AK cells recognize and bind to melanoma cells by a
      secondary "lectin-type" receptor for a carbohydrate moiety.

PMID- 3873499
TI  - Separate control of B lymphocyte early activation and proliferation in response
      to anti-IgM antibodies.
AB  - Resting B cells enter and progress through the G1 phase of the cell cycle in
      response to low concentrations (1 to 5 micrograms/ml) of anti-IgM antibodies.
      Commitment to enter S phase requires the presence of a fivefold to 50-fold higher
      concentration of anti-IgM. These and other results strongly suggest that two
      separately controlled events are involved in B cell activation. The current
      studies demonstrate that B cells incubated with high concentrations of anti-IgM
      from the initiation of culture become independent of additional anti-IgM
      approximately 10 hr before entry into S phase. We have designated this anti-IgM
      independent portion of the G1 phase of the cell cycle as G1 beta, whereas the
      earlier phase is referred to as G1 alpha. Furthermore, low concentrations of anti
      IgM are sufficient for progress through early portions of G1 alpha, but high
      concentrations are required for the last 4 to 8 hr (G1 alpha') if the cells are
      to go through the rest of the cell cycle. Removal of anti-IgM at any time during
      G1 alpha causes prompt cessation of the size enlargement that accompanies
      progress through G1. Such cells retain their size and their relative place in G1
      for periods of at least 17 hr and recommence movement through G1 alpha phase when
      anti-IgM is readded. Thus, B cells may exist in states of partial activation and
      must possess a mechanism to integrate the amount of stimulatory signal they have
      received; they enter a commitment period for S phase only when that signal passes
      some threshold value.

PMID- 3873500
TI  - An improved assay for the detection of interleukin 1.
AB  - A 24 h, highly sensitive assay for detection of interleukin 1 (IL-1) is
      described. A thioguanine-resistant mutant of the murine lymphoma cell line LBRM
      33 was selected (LBRM TG6). When this cell line was incubated with low
      concentrations of PHA and IL-1 it produced interleukin 2 (IL-2). IL-2-dependent
      HT2 cells were co-cultured with the LBRM cells to measure the released IL-2.
      Prior to addition of tritiated thymidine to the co-culture, hypoxanthine and
      azaserine were added to metabolically block DNA synthesis by LBRM TG6 cells. This
      resulted in a sensitive, short term assay requiring minimal technical
      manipulations and characterized by a high signal to noise ratio.

PMID- 3873501
TI  - Production of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody during the normal immune response.
      XII. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for auto-anti-idiotype antibody.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect anti-idiotype (Id)
      antibody is described. Using this assay auto-anti-Id was detected in the serum of
      aged mice immunized with 2,4,6-trinitrophenylated-Ficoll (TNP-F). Hapten eluates
      from anti-TNP-F immune spleen cells also contained readily detectable auto-anti
      Id.

PMID- 3873502
TI  - Mechanisms underlying the development of meningitis or epiglottitis in children
      after Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteremia.

PMID- 3873503
TI  - A preadipocyte cell line derived from murine bone marrow stroma: characterization
      of morphological, enzymatic, and functional nature of the cells.
AB  - A preadipocyte cell line (K-1) has been established from the adherent cell
      population of murine bone marrow culture. Using light microscopy, the cells
      exhibit fibroblast-like morphology and accumulate lipids in their cytoplasm as
      the cultures become confluent. Ultrastructurally, each cell has a large indented
      nucleus with prominent nucleoli. The cytoplasm contains a well-defined Golgi
      complex, numerous mitochondria, some endoplasmic reticulum, microfilaments, and
      fat droplets. Lysosomal granules are rarely recognizable. Cytochemically, they
      are positive for acid phosphatase, but negative for nonspecific esterase.
      Alkaline phosphatase activity is negative to weakly positive. Supernatants from K
      1 cell cultures contain granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factors, which
      stimulate primarily the growth of macrophage colonies, but do not affect
      proliferation of spleen colony-forming units.

PMID- 3873504
TI  - Effects of a murine mammary tumor on in vivo and in vitro hemopoiesis.
AB  - The effects of an autologous transplanted mammary tumor (RIII-T3) on hemopoiesis
      in RIII mice are described. Tumor-bearing animals died 30 to 40 days after
      inoculation and displayed splenomegaly, extreme neutrophilia, and moderately
      increased monocyte levels in the spleen, peripheral blood, and bone marrow. The
      precursors of neutrophils and monocytes, granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming
      cells (GM-CFC) were elevated in the spleen, bone marrow, and peripheral blood.
      RIII-T3-conditioned medium stimulated bone marrow GM-CFC and caused the
      myelomonocytic cell line, WEHI-3B, to differentiate in vitro. The conditioned
      medium did not stimulate erythroid, megakaryocyte, or eosinophil colony
      formation. When conditioned medium was fractionated, two peaks of activity
      corresponding to GM-CSF and G-CSF were observed, suggesting that the extreme
      neutrophilia observed in tumor-bearing animals may result from chronic exposure
      of the hemopoietic system to these hemopoietic hormones.

PMID- 3873505
TI  - [Hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism after coronary artery bypass surgery].

PMID- 3873506
TI  - [Exercise stress testing in the evaluation of aorto-coronary bypass grafting].

PMID- 3873507
TI  - [Adoptive immunotherapy of murine tumor using cultured syngeneic tumor-bearer
      spleen cells. 1: Anti-tumor activity of tumor-bearer-spleen cells cultured with T
      cell growth factor (TCGF) and soluble tumor extract].

PMID- 3873508
TI  - [A case with immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (IBL) like T-cell lymphoma accompanied
      by hepatic cirrhosis].

PMID- 3873509
TI  - Reoperation coronary artery bypass grafting for recurrent angina pectoris. A
      review of 82 cases.

PMID- 3873510
TI  - Vitamin D metabolites regulate osteocalcin synthesis and proliferation of human
      bone cells in vitro.
AB  - The effects of six natural vitamin D metabolites of potential biological and
      therapeutic interest, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3), 25-hydroxyvitamin
      D3 (25-OH-D3), 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24R,25-(OH)2D3), 1,24R,25
      trihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,24R,25-(OH)3D3), 25S,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (25S,26
      (OH)2D3) and 1,25S,26-trihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25S,26-(OH)3D3) on cell replication
      and expression of the osteoblastic phenotype in terms of osteocalcin production
      were examined in cultured human bone cells. At a dose of 5 X 10(-12) mol/1, 1,25
      (OH)2D3 stimulated cell proliferation, whereas at higher doses (5 X 10(-9)-5 X
      10(-6) mol/1) cell growth was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. The same
      pattern of effects was seen for the other metabolites in a rank order of potency:
      1,25-(OH)2D3 greater than 1,25S,26-(OH)3D3 = 1,24R,25-(OH)3D3 greater than 25S,26
      (OH)2D3 = 24R,25-(OH)2D3 = 25-OH-D3. Synthesis of osteocalcin was induced by 1,25
      (OH)2D3 in doses similar to those required to inhibit cell proliferation.
      Biphasic responses were observed for some of the metabolites in terms of
      osteocalcin synthesis, inhibitory effects becoming apparent at 5 X 10(-6) mol/1.
      The cells did not secrete osteocalcin spontaneously. These results indicate that
      vitamin D metabolites may regulate growth and expression of differentiated
      functions of normal human osteoblasts.

PMID- 3873511
TI  - Treatment of lower urinary tract infections with single-dose trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole.
AB  - Two hundred three women from a primary care medical practice with symptoms of
      lower urinary tract infection and positive urine cultures were treated with
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. One hundred eleven women received a single dose
      and 92 were treated for ten days. Cure rates were 87 percent and 89 percent,
      respectively, one week after therapy. A narrow 95 percent confidence interval for
      the difference between the two cure rates (.02 +/- .09) suggests the treatments
      are equally effective. Patients were followed by chart audit and a self-reporting
      questionnaire. No difference in recurrence rates was found between the two groups
      six months after therapy. Single-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is as
      effective as ten-day treatment in women with symptoms suggestive of lower urinary
      tract infection and has no greater relapse rate.

PMID- 3873512
TI  - Human pulmonary histopathological changes from marijuana smoking.
AB  - Thirteen individuals ranging in age from fifteen to forty years, who were known
      smokers of marijuana, all of whom died suddenly, were autopsied as coroner's
      cases. The pulmonary histopathologic changes revealed light to heavy
      infiltrations of pigmented monocytes within alveoli as well as varying degrees of
      monocytic and lymphocytic infiltration into the interstitium of the lungs. The
      intensity of the pulmonary infiltrate appears to be dose related. This report
      calls attention to the accelerated pathological changes in the lungs from
      marijuana smoking as compared to tobacco smoking leading to pulmonary scarring,
      emphysema, and eventual chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

PMID- 3873513
TI  - [Endoscopic electrocoagulation for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage].

PMID- 3873514
TI  - Cross-reactive target antigen in cell-mediated cytolysis of cells infected with a
      temperature-sensitive mutant of Sindbis virus.
AB  - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against alphavirus-infected L929 cells were
      generated in mice by two in vivo immunizations of one virus or by in vivo
      immunization followed by in vitro stimulation of splenocytes with infected
      peritoneal exudate cells or splenocytes. These CTL caused specific H-2-restricted
      cytolysis equally well with homologous, heterologous or Sindbis virus ts20 mutant
      infected cells. Thus, specific CTL appear to be cross-reactive components in
      normal immunity to alphaviruses and the E1 glycoprotein is implicated as the
      target antigen.

PMID- 3873515
TI  - The differential growth of virulent and avirulent strains of rinderpest virus in
      bovine lymphocytes and macrophages.
AB  - Rinderpest virus (RV) grew readily in cultures of purified bovine peripheral
      blood lymphocytes and udder macrophages. The growth of three strains of RV was
      compared and there appeared to be a relationship between increasing virulence and
      increased ability to infect lymphocytes and macrophages. The proportion of
      infected cells as determined by the presence of virus antigens was a better
      indicator of affinity between a strain and cell type than production of new
      infectious virus. RV grew better in populations of predominantly T lymphocytes
      than in T-depleted cultures. Although RV could infect 100% of cells in macrophage
      monolayers, it did not appear to infect more than about 30% of cells in
      lymphocyte cultures. Virulent RV grew more readily in bovine than caprine or
      ovine lymphocytes, whereas virulent peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) grew
      better in lymphocytes from sheep and goats. There was no marked difference in the
      growth of either virus in lymphocytes from uninfected or recently convalescent
      animals.

PMID- 3873516
TI  - Intellectual and memory impairment in dementia. Computerized axial tomography
      volume correlations.
AB  - Ventricular volume estimates and an index of cerebral atrophy were obtained from
      computerized axial tomography scans of patients with presenile or senile dementia
      of probable Alzheimer's type. These measures were used to examine the correlation
      between morphological brain change and performance on the Wechsler Adult
      Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS). Despite
      ventricular volumes in excess of 60% larger than normal, no significant
      correlations were found between ventricular size and WAIS or WMS performance. The
      index of pericerebral atrophy did correlate negatively with various WAIS
      measures, particularly Performance IQ, and some aspects of WMS performance.
      Results suggest that in Alzheimer's disease, pericerebral atrophy measures, but
      not ventricular dilation, correlate with intellectual decline and certain aspects
      of memory impairment.

PMID- 3873517
TI  - Morbidity and mortality in motor neuron disease: comparison with multiple
      sclerosis and Parkinson's disease: age and sex specific rates and cohort
      analyses.
AB  - The cause of motor neuron disease (MND) remains unknown although recent reports
      have suggested a possible rise in mortality rate. The present account describes
      age-specific patterns in morbidity rate and cross-sectional and cohort analyses
      of mortality rate, and compares these with those in multiple sclerosis and
      Parkinson's disease. First hospital admission rate for motor neuron disease (a
      proxy for incidence rates) rose steadily with age in males and females until the
      age of 75 years or more, but then fell, but only in females. This irregular
      pattern suggested the possibility of an environmental effect on certain older
      birth cohorts. The validity of the results was supported by a similar pattern in
      the two hospital regional authorities studied and the difference between this
      pattern and that found in multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. Age
      specific mortality rates of motor neuron disease between 15 and 64 years for
      males and females in England and Wales from 1940 to 1982 rose steadily with age.
      Mortality rates after the age of 65 fell in all female cohorts studied, but only
      in the earlier male cohorts. Unlike Parkinson's disease there was no strong birth
      cohort effect. However an analysis of Office of Population Censuses and Surveys
      (Registrar General) reports has revealed a slight increase in the age-specific
      mortality rate in both males and females aged 65 and over for successive birth
      cohorts born since 1900. Neither changes in ICD coding or in diagnostic habits
      could account for this pattern, which differed from that seen in Parkinson's
      disease. No such effect was seen in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3873518
TI  - Contralateral hemiparesis following herpes zoster ophthalmicus.
AB  - A case of herpes zoster ophthalmicus was followed, after a latent period of four
      weeks, by contralateral hemiparesis. An attempt is made to clarify the anatomical
      relationships involved in the pathogenesis of postherpetic cerebral
      complications. Detailed presentation of neuropathological findings in this case
      may provide evidence of vasculitis in the syndrome, with better understanding of
      the pathological anatomy.

PMID- 3873519
TI  - Induction and characterization of lymphotoxins from tumor promoter-synergized,
      lectin-stimulated human lymphocytes in vitro.
AB  - The tumor promoters mezerein and phorbol myristate acetate, and the phorbol
      diesters phorbol diacetate, phorbol dibenzoate, and phorbol didecanoate
      synergistically enhanced the production of lymphotoxin (LT) by phytohemagglutinin
      stimulated human peripheral blood or tonsil and adenoid lymphocytes. LT
      production was elevated 2-20-fold, depending on such parameters as the nature of
      the promoter and dose, the lectin dose, and the lymphocyte source. The increased
      LT levels were primarily due to enhanced production of the alpha-light (alpha L)
      class of LT. The alpha L-class obtained from supernatants from promoter
      synergized, lectin-stimulated lymphocyte cultures was compared with the alpha L
      from lectin-stimulated cultures. They were indistinguishable by molecular sieving
      on Ultrogel AcA44, were both composed primarily of the alpha 2-subclass as
      determined by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose, and were
      immunologically cross-reactive. Lectin-affinity chromatography on concanavalin A
      Sepharose and on lentil-lectin--Sepharose revealed that both alpha L preparations
      were dominated by components with affinity for these matrices. Affinity
      chromatography on alkyl sorbents also indicated very similar hydrophobicities.
      Chromatofocusing of the alpha L preparations demonstrated a comparable pattern of
      isoelectric points. Thus, the use of these drugs in lectin-stimulated human
      lymphocyte cultures provides an effective means for significantly increasing the
      yield of alpha L-LT suitable for biochemical purification and analysis, and
      biological testing in vitro.

PMID- 3873520
TI  - Schwartz-Jampel syndrome associated with von Willebrand's disease.
AB  - We report a very rare case of Schwartz-Jampel syndrome associated with von
      Willebrand's disease. This association might be coincidental because of the
      different modes of inheritance of the two disorders. However, we speculate that
      there might be some link between the two disorders, for example in the locus of
      the affected gene.

PMID- 3873521
TI  - Cytosine-arabinoside-induced colitis and peritonitis: nonoperative management.
AB  - Cytosine arabinoside is known to cause severe gastrointestinal side effects in an
      already very ill patient population. Three cases are reviewed in which apparent
      surgical peritonitis was managed conservatively, with very careful clinical
      monitoring. Two of the patients recovered completely, and one died of systemic
      fungal infection. No patient had a surgically remediable condition, and all were
      extremely poor surgical risks. A review of our experience and the literature
      leads us to recommend careful conservative management in patients receiving
      cytosine arabinoside who appear to have a "surgical abdomen," but in whom a
      definitive surgical diagnosis cannot be made.

PMID- 3873522
TI  - Eye-specific segregation requires neural activity in three-eyed Rana pipiens.
AB  - The addition of a third eye primordium to the forebrain region of a Rana pipiens
      embryo invariably results in the development of a series of periodic, mutually
      exclusive eye-specific bands in tectal lobes dually innervated by the host and
      supernumerary fibers. A number of investigators have proposed that such source
      specific segregation arises as a compromise between two mechanisms that are
      normally involved in retinotectal map formation: one which is dependent on cell
      surface affinities to align the map and produce a rough retinotopy and a second
      that "fine tunes" the map by stabilizing adjacent terminals from neighboring
      retinal ganglion cell bodies at the expense of terminals from non-neighboring
      cells. In this study we have tested the idea that this second "fine-tuning"
      mechanism is dependent on neural activity by blocking impulse activity in the
      optic nerves of three-eyed tadpoles. To assess the requirement for activity on
      the formation of bands, both normal optic nerves of 17 three-eyed tadpoles were
      crushed intraorbitally. Two weeks after this operation, the supernumerary retinal
      projection had debanded and spread to cover the entire tectum in a continuous
      fashion. By 4 weeks, however, the host optic fibers regenerated back to the tecta
      and began to form segregated stripes with the fibers from the third eye. Six to 7
      weeks after the optic nerve crush the periodic pattern of eye-specific
      segregation characteristic of dually innervated tecta was again pronounced. When
      activity in all three optic nerves was eliminated with tetrodotoxin (TTX;
      embedded in a slow release plastic) during the last 3 weeks of this process, the
      fibers from the two competing eyes failed to segregate and, instead, formed two
      completely overlapping, continuous projections across the tectal surface. To test
      for the requirement of activity in the maintenance of segregation, we also
      subjected three-eyed tadpoles without optic nerve crush to TTX blockade for 2, 3,
      and 4 weeks. Animals sacrificed at 2 weeks show overlap of the projections in the
      rostral tectum but distinct interdigitating stripes in other regions of these
      lobes. After 3 weeks of blockade, segregation of the projections was less
      distinct in the central tectum as well. After 4 weeks of TTX blockade the
      terminals from both eyes spread to form continuous overlapping projections
      throughout the tectum. Examination of well isolated, individual retinal ganglion
      cell terminal arbors during this period reveals that they occupy a significantly
      greater area of tectum following the TTX treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3873523
TI  - Forebrain origins and terminations of the medial forebrain bundle metabolically
      activated by rewarding stimulation or by reward-blocking doses of pimozide.
AB  - Using [14C]-2-deoxyglucose autoradiography, we determined which forebrain and
      diencephalic areas showed metabolic alterations in response to unilateral
      electrical stimulation of the posterior medial forebrain bundle at parameters
      chosen to produce a just-submaximal rewarding effect. At these parameters, only a
      few areas were activated. There was no detectable activation anterior or dorsal
      to the genu of the corpus callosum. Just anterior to the anterior commissure,
      there was strong activation of the vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca,
      with a focus in the nucleus of the diagonal band. Just posterior to the anterior
      commissure, there was strong activation of compartment "c" of the medial
      forebrain bundle (MFB), with weaker activation of the bed nucleus of the stria
      terminalis and the medial preoptic area. At midhypothalamic levels, the
      dorsolateral, dorsomedial, and ventral MFB all showed activation. There was
      bilateral suppression of activity in the lateral habenula. Activation appeared to
      end in the anterior ventral tegmental area of Tsai. Reward-blocking doses of the
      neuroleptic pimozide activated the caudate and the lateral habenula but did not
      alter any of the unilateral effects of stimulation. Using longer pulse durations
      and/or shifting the site of stimulation to the substantia nigra activated many of
      the systems not activated in the first experiment, including all of the major
      dopaminergic projection systems, proving the capacity of the technique to reveal
      activation of these systems. The results permit one to define a discrete
      projection system that merits electrophysiological investigation as a likely
      substrate for the rewarding effect of MFB stimulation. They also suggest that
      dopaminergic projection systems may not form part of the reward pathway itself.

PMID- 3873524
TI  - Dynamic positron computed tomography of the heart with a high sensitivity
      positron camera and nitrogen-13 ammonia.
AB  - Dynamic positron computed tomography (PCT) of the heart was performed with a high
      sensitivity, whole-body multislice PCT device and [13N]ammonia. Serial 15-sec
      dynamic study immediately after i.v. [13N]ammonia injection showed blood pool of
      the ventricular cavities in the first scan and myocardial images from the third
      scan in normal cases (n = 4). In patients with myocardial infarction (n = 8) and
      mitral valve disease (n = 2), tracer washout from the lung and myocardial peak
      time tended to be longer, suggesting presence of pulmonary congestion. PCT
      delineated tracer retention in the dorsal part of the lung. Serial 5-min late
      dynamic study in nine cases showed gradual increase in myocardial activity for 30
      min in all normal segments and 42% of infarct segments, while less than 13%
      activity increase was observed in 50% of infarct segments. Thus, serial dynamic
      PCT with [13N]ammonia assessing tracer kinetics in the heart and lung is a
      valuable adjunct to the static myocardial perfusion imaging for evaluation of
      various cardiac disorders.

PMID- 3873525
TI  - Quantitative measurement of myocardial blood flow with oxygen-15 water and
      positron computed tomography: an assessment of potential and problems.
AB  - An in vivo measurement technique using 15O water and positron CT for quantitation
      of myocardial blood flow (MBF) was investigated. A closed-chest dog model and
      NeuroECAT scanner were used in the study. The in vivo technique involves i.v.
      infusion of 15O water for a duration of 2-3 min. Oxygen-15 water radioactivity in
      myocardium was imaged with a NeuroECAT scanner for 10 min, starting at the time
      of tracer infusion. A separate scan following inhalation of 15O CO was obtained
      to label the blood pool and to help remove the contribution of radioactivity in
      the blood pool during the 15O water scans. The integrated projection technique
      was used for calculating MBF. The quantitative microsphere technique for
      measurement of MBF was performed along with the 15O water study to provide
      reference values, with which the MBF values by the in vivo technique was
      compared. Results of 12 experimental runs (in seven animals) show the in vivo
      technique with 15O water and positron CT can give quantitative flow images of
      myocardium. The in vivo positron CT measurement was found to correlate well (r =
      0.93) with the in vitro values (by microspheres) over the flow range of 40 to 150
      ml/min/100 g.

PMID- 3873526
TI  - Biodistribution of a positron-emitting suicide inactivator of monoamine oxidase,
      carbon-11 pargyline, in mice and a rabbit.
AB  - Carbon-11 (11C) pargyline, which is a suicide inactivator of Type B monoamine
      oxidase (MAO), was synthesized by the reaction of N-demethylpargyline with
      11CH3I. Biodistribution was investigated in mice, and positron tomographic images
      of the heart and lung in a rabbit were obtained. The distribution of 11C after
      administration of [11C]pargyline was measured in several organs and blood at
      various time intervals. After 30 min its concentrations in the organs were
      constant. Subcellular distribution studies in the brain, lung, liver, and kidney
      showed that 59-70% of the 11C became acid-insoluble and 9-33% was present in the
      crude mitochondrial fraction at 60 min after injection. However, a high loading
      dose influenced the subcellular distribution but had little effect on tissue
      distribution. The uptakes of the 11C in each organ except for the kidney and
      spleen seemed to correlate with the in vitro enzymatic activity of Type B MAO. At
      high loading dose a nonspecific uptake was observed.

PMID- 3873527
TI  - Factitious gastrointestinal bleeding.

PMID- 3873528
TI  - Cross-sectional vs longitudinal studies in reproductive hazard investigations.

PMID- 3873529
TI  - Lichen planus: possible mechanisms of pathogenesis.

PMID- 3873531
TI  - [Study of vestibular function in pupils of primary and secondary schools in
      Kanagawa Prefecture (sixth report)].

PMID- 3873530
TI  - Reliability of intraoral blood for diabetes screening.

PMID- 3873532
TI  - Pharyngeal colonization with Haemophilus influenzae type b in children in a day
      care center without invasive disease.
AB  - During an 18-month period, monthly pharyngeal cultures for Haemophilus influenzae
      type b (Hib) were obtained from 66 children and their caretakers in a day care
      center in which no systemic disease caused by Hib occurred. The average
      colonization rate for Hib was 10%, and ranged from 0% to 23% for a single month.
      Infants housed in a separate building with a cohorted staff were not colonized by
      Hib. However, 71% of the toddler group and 48% of the preschool group became
      colonized by Hib at some time during the 18-month-study. Of 89 Hib isolates, 93%
      were biotype 1 (Kilian), and 90% of these had a similar outer membrane protein
      profile, designated subtype 1L. This strain was recovered from children at the
      center for 15 of 18 months. No invasive disease occurred. Thus, Hib may be
      widespread among preschool children in a day care center and persist for longer
      than a year without resulting in systemic disease.

PMID- 3873533
TI  - Serum osteocalcin concentrations in children with metabolic bone disease.
AB  - We surveyed both normal children and patient populations to identify the effects
      of metabolic bone disease and impaired renal function on serum levels of
      osteocalcin, a vitamin K-dependent protein synthesized in bone. Cord blood
      osteocalcin was nearly double that of maternal osteocalcin, but there was no
      correlation between the two. Infants with Apgar scores less than or equal to 7
      had a lower mean serum osteocalcin value (8.7 ng/ml, n = 8) than did those with
      scores of 8 to 10 (16.6 ng/ml, n = 38). Serum osteocalcin elevation coincided
      with the pubertal growth spurt. In boys, levels decreased to adult values by 18
      years of age, as do other indices of bone metabolism; in girls, the levels
      decreased earlier and had a less pronounced maximum. In children with renal
      failure, osteocalcin was substantially increased, presumably because of
      diminished renal clearance of the protein. Children receiving peritoneal
      dialysis, however, had mean serum concentrations less than half of those seen in
      children receiving hemodialysis (117 vs 328 ng/ml). The peritoneal dialysate
      contained significant amounts of osteocalcin, but none was detectable in
      hemodialysate. Correlation between bone disease and serum osteocalcin was evident
      in a longitudinal study of one patient with renal failure. Children with various
      forms of rickets had elevated osteocalcin levels; hypoparathyroidism and
      osteoporosis were accompanied by variable changes. Serum osteocalcin holds
      promise as a useful marker of subacute changes in bone metabolism.

PMID- 3873534
TI  - Normal bone turnover in isolated hyperphosphatasemia.

PMID- 3873535
TI  - Neonatal hyperphenylalaninemia presumably caused by guanosine triphosphate
      cyclohydrolase deficiency.

PMID- 3873537
TI  - [Radiologic diagnosis of acoustic neurinoma. Apropos of 130 patients].
AB  - Diagnostic value of radiologic examinations was assessed in a homogeneous series
      of 130 cases of neurinoma of acoustic nerve seen over the last 10 years.
      Radiologic exploration is conceived and used at the present time for two
      purposes. Firstly, it enables selection of patients with suspected acoustic nerve
      neurinoma. Radiotomography appears to be currently an accessory examination
      because of the discriminative performance of early auditory evoked potentials
      tests on the brain stem. Secondly, radiology is necessary for confirmation of
      diagnosis. Visualization of the tumoral syndrome can be obtained only by a scan
      or possibly opaque or gas meatocisternography.

PMID- 3873536
TI  - Inward rectification in the transverse tubular system of frog skeletal muscle
      studied with potentiometric dyes.
AB  - The non-penetrating potentiometric dyes NK2367 and WW375 were used to investigate
      the effect of inward rectification on the weighted-average tubular membrane
      potential in single frog muscle fibres voltage clamped using a three-Vaseline-gap
      method. In 100 mM-K solution, when inward rectification was activated by
      hyperpolarization the steady-state amplitude of the transverse tubular system (T
      system) optical signal was reduced, and its rise time was faster than that
      recorded for an equivalent depolarization. The voltage dependence of the optical
      attenuation followed that of inward rectification, increasing with increasing
      hyperpolarization. For a voltage-clamp step of -140 mV the optical attenuation
      was 0.72 which corresponds to a weighted-average T-system potential change of 100
      mV. When inward rectification was blocked in a Cs, TEA solution the optical
      attenuation was also abolished. The voltage dependence of the block of the inward
      currents in solutions containing low concentrations of Cs was also reflected in
      the T-system optical signals. Our results were satisfactorily predicted by a
      radial cable model of the T-system, assuming the same specific inward rectifier
      conductance in surface and tubular membranes. This analysis predicts that the
      measured optical attenuation corresponds to a decrease in the tubular space
      constant, lambda T, from 120 micron under passive conditions to about 40 micron
      when inward rectification is fully, activated. The voltage dependence of inward
      rectification measured at the surface membrane was reasonably well predicted by
      assuming that the specific conductance obeyed a Boltzmann type of voltage
      dependence; the major effect of tubular decrements was to reduce the steepness of
      the total (surface + T-system) conductance-voltage relation.

PMID- 3873538
TI  - [Craniopharyngioma with intraventricular development. Apropos of 2 cases. X-ray
      computed tomographic aspect].
AB  - We report two cases of craniopharyngioma developed within the third ventricle. In
      this occasion we present the different C. T. findings of these tumors.

PMID- 3873539
TI  - The chromaffin granule proton pump and calcium-dependent exocytosis in bovine
      adrenal medullary cells.
AB  - Calcium-dependent exocytosis in 'leaky' bovine adrenal medullary cells has a
      requirement for Mg-ATP. One possibility is that exocytosis depends in some way on
      the operation of the ATP-dependent proton pump that serves to maintain the core
      of the secretory vesicles both acid and at a positive potential with respect to
      the cytosol. This possibility has been tested in 'leaky' cells by monitoring
      exocytosis under conditions where the secretory vesicle pH and potential
      gradients are measured in situ. The results show rather clearly that exocytosis
      can persist, with unchanged Ca-activation kinetics, in the virtual absence both
      of a difference in pH between the cytosol and secretory vesicle core and also of
      a difference in potential across the vesicle membrane. The results do not,
      however, exclude a small modulating effect of vesicle pH or potential on
      exocytosis and shed no light on whether or not the plasma membrane potential,
      which is maintained close to zero in these experiments, influences exocytosis.

PMID- 3873540
TI  - Cl transport in the frog cornea: an electron-microprobe analysis.
AB  - The intracellular electrolyte concentrations of the bullfrog corneal epithelium
      have been determined in thin freeze-dried cryosections using the technique of
      electron-microprobe analysis. Under control conditions, transepithelial potential
      short-circuited and either side of the cornea incubated in Conway's solution, the
      mean intracellular concentrations (in mmol/kg wet weight) were 8.0 for Na, 18.4
      for Cl and 117.3 for K. These values are in good agreement with ion activities
      previously obtained by Reuss et al. (Am. J. Physiol. 244:C336-C347, 1983) under
      open-circuit conditions. From a comparison of the chemical concentrations and
      activities of Na and K a mean intracellular activity coefficient of 0.75 is
      calculated. For small ions no significant differences between nuclear and
      cytoplasmic concentration values were detectable. The Cl concentrations in the
      different epithelial layers were virtually identical and showed parallel changes
      at varying states of Cl secretion, suggesting that the epithelium represents a
      functional syncytium. For Na a concentration gradient between the outer and inner
      epithelial layer was observed, which can be accounted for by two different models
      of epithelial cooperation. The behavior of the intracellular Na and Cl
      concentrations after removal of Na, Cl or K from the outer or inner bathing
      medium provides support for a passive electrodiffusive Cl efflux across the
      apical membrane and a Na-coupled Cl uptake across the basolateral membrane. The
      results are inconclusive with regard to the exact mechanism of Cl uptake,
      indicating either a variable stoichiometry of the symporter or the presence of
      more than one transport system. Furthermore, a dependence of intracellular Cl on
      HCO3 and CO2 was observed. Extracellular measurements in corneal stroma
      demonstrated that ion concentrations in this space are in free equilibrium with
      the inner bath.

PMID- 3873541
TI  - Trends in teenage pregnancy.

PMID- 3873542
TI  - Commentary: child abuse in New Jersey.

PMID- 3873543
TI  - MgATP specifically controls in vitro self-assembly of vertebrate skeletal myosin
      in the physiological pH range.
AB  - The appearances in the electron microscope of rat and rabbit skeletal muscle
      myosin filaments and rod aggregates, formed in the presence of variable amounts
      of MgATP, were compared at different pH values. It is shown that small amounts of
      MgATP, similar to those sufficient to trigger the dissociation of the actomyosin
      complex, were able to modify the geometry of myosin filaments profoundly in the
      physiological pH range, whereas the conformation of rod aggregates remained
      unchanged even in the presence of high concentrations of MgATP. Myosin filaments
      formed in the absence of MgATP displayed the classical spindle-shaped
      conformation and variable diameters at all pH values, whereas myosin filaments
      formed in the presence of MgATP in the physiological pH range had constant
      diameters, similar to those of natural thick filaments. These filaments of
      constant diameter frayed, rapidly and reversibly, into two types of subfilaments
      with respective diameters of 4 to 5 nm and 9 to 10 nm, when the pH of the medium
      was raised above 7.2. Spindle-shaped myosin filaments and rod aggregates remained
      unchanged by such small changes in pH. It was possible to change the conformation
      of preformed spindle-shaped filaments by simply adding MgATP to the medium, but
      this reaction was slow and took several hours to be completed. Relatively high
      concentrations of MgATP, similar to those in the living cell, increased the
      solubility of both myosin filaments and rod aggregates in the alkaline pH range
      (pH greater than or equal to 7.0). Low pH values (less than or equal to 6.5) and
      excess free Mg2+ (greater than or equal to 6 to 7 mM) abolished both the specific
      effect of MgATP on myosin filament conformation and its solubilizing effect on
      both myosin filaments and rod aggregates. The degree of purity of the myosin
      preparations and the level of phosphorylation of the LC-2 light chains did not
      influence filament behaviour noticeably and rat and rabbit myosins behaved
      similarly.

PMID- 3873544
TI  - Resolution and properties of the catalytic unit of cardiac adenylate cyclase.
AB  - The catalytic unit (C) of cardiac adenylate cyclase was resolved from the guanine
      nucleotide-binding regulatory protein (G/F) by fractionation of Lubrol 12A9
      extracts with 33% saturated (NH4)2SO4 and by gel filtration in the presence of 3
      [(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-l-propanesulfonate (CHAPS). Catalytic
      activity in both preparations was supported by Mg2+ and Mn2+, Vmax values being
      12 fold higher in the presence of the latter cation. NaF-activated preparations
      were also subjected to gel filtration in the presence of CHAPS. In this case,
      both the catalytic activity and G/F emerged in the activated state. G/F could be
      deactivated by dialysis of the preparation in the absence of NaF; the catalyst
      however remained activated following dialysis. NaF sensitivity was reconstituted
      in C by nonactivated and NaF-activated preparations of G/F isolated by gel
      filtration. Reconstitution was dependent upon the amount of both G/F and C in the
      assay. Nonactivated G/F also reconstituted guanine nucleotide sensitivity in C.
      Catalytic activity was thermally labile, but was stabilized at 25 degrees C by
      substrate (Mn2+ ATP). C was stimulated up to 25-fold by forskolin. The NaF
      activated catalyst resolved by gel filtration was relatively insensitive to this
      agent. Forskolin, however, augmented NaF-sensitivity by both non-activated and
      NaF-activated G/F provided it was added to the assay before G/F. Similarly,
      forskolin augmented guanine nucleotide sensitivity of nonactivated G/F in the
      presence of GTP gamma S. The P site agent 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine (DDA) was a weak
      inhibitor of nonactivated C, but a powerful inhibitor of C stimulated by
      forskolin or activated by G/F in the presence of NaF. In all respects C
      precipitated by (NH4)2SO4 appeared to be identical with that resolved by gel
      filtration. Ammonium sulfate precipitation, because of its simplicity, speed,
      relatively good yield, and adaptability for large scale operation, may be the
      preferred method for preparing cardiac C for purification studies

PMID- 3873546
TI  - Prevalence of coma in black subjects.
AB  - Coma, commonly known as "being unconscious" or "out cold," is a state of
      consciousness characterized by a total inability to perceive incoming stimuli. A
      retrospective phenomenologic study found that 10 of 36 control, 19 of 36 precare,
      and 20 of 36 aftercare subjects (49 of 108, or 45.4 percent) had experienced coma
      at least once during their lives. The implications of these findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 3873545
TI  - The epidemiology of coronary heart disease in blacks.
AB  - Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death among US blacks whose
      CHD mortality rates are among the highest in the world. Important to the advance
      of understanding the etiology, pathogenesis, and prevention of coronary heart
      disease is an examination of the epidemiology of coronary heart disease in
      blacks.

PMID- 3873547
TI  - Analytical diagnostic peritoneal lavage in the diagnosis of intra-abdominal
      injury.
AB  - Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) was modified to detect dynamic changes
      occurring in lavage fluid in dogs following liver, spleen, or intestinal injury.
      In 33 animals lavage fluid was serially sampled over 75 minutes and analyzed for
      RBC and other variables. The spun sediment was Gram stained. In control groups,
      either saline or autologous blood was instilled into the peritoneal cavity at a
      known rate. In these experiments, the composition of lavage fluid did not
      significantly change over time. Blood infused at a constant rate into the
      abdominal cavity produced corresponding, continuing increases in the RBC count.
      In experimental groups, the liver, spleen, or intestine were injured before
      lavage. Only initial RBC counts greater than 1 million/mm3 or rising RBC counts
      in serial lavage samples were associated with life-threatening hemorrhage. Gram
      stains of samples were positive for bacteria in 43% of fasted dogs and in 80% of
      fed dogs with intestinal perforation.

PMID- 3873548
TI  - Serial cultivation of normal rat bladder epithelial cells in vitro.
AB  - Recent advances in culture techniques for human urothelial cells have led to the
      development of an improved method for growing primary rat bladder epithelial
      cells. We report here the conditions developed for large-scale in vitro growth
      and serial cultivation of normal diploid rat bladder epithelial cells. Primary
      cultures were initiated by attachment of bladder mucosal explants to type I
      collagen gels. A rapid outgrowth of epithelial cells from the explants occurred
      when cultured in a hormone-supplemented medium with epidermal growth factor.
      These primary outgrowths were passaged by nonenzymatic dispersion with 0.1 per
      cent ethylenediaminetetracetic acid and replating onto new gels. The capacity for
      routine serial passaging and maintenance of rat bladder epithelial cells required
      the presence of epidermal growth factor, a requirement not observed with human
      urothelial cells. The characteristics of the cultured rat bladder epithelial
      cells were similar to human urothelial cells in: ultrastructural and phase
      contrast morphologic properties, showing junctional complexes, desmosomes,
      stratification and an apical glycocalyx; the absence of stromal cell
      contamination; and the ability to be serially passaged. Spontaneous cell-line
      formation was observed with the rat bladder epithelial cells, but has not been
      found with the human urothelial cells. With the method that we have developed,
      the number of rat bladder epithelial cells generated from a single bladder of a 4
      to 6 week old rat was increased 100-fold from about 7 X 10(5) cells to 7 X 10(7)
      viable cells within 3 weeks of culture. The capability of culturing normal,
      primary rat bladder epithelial cells on this scale has not been reported
      previously and will facilitate comparative studies of the biological and
      molecular characteristics of the mammalian urothelium. Furthermore, this culture
      system will be useful for carcinogenesis studies, including metabolic activation
      of carcinogens and cellular transformation in vitro.

PMID- 3873549
TI  - Abstention from cigarette smoking improves cerebral perfusion among elderly
      chronic smokers.
AB  - A cross-sectional study of cerebral blood flow (CBF) levels in 268 neurologically
      normal volunteers contrasting nonsmokers, smokers who quit, and current cigarette
      smokers indicated that subjects who quit smoking had significantly higher
      cerebral perfusion levels than subjects who had continued to smoke but remained
      lower than subjects without a history of cigarette smoking. All subjects were
      matched for age and sex, and smoking groups were matched for duration and amount
      of smoking. A prospective study of 11 subjects who were able to stop smoking in
      which CBF levels were available both antecedent to and following cessation of the
      habit indicated that significant gains occurred in cerebral perfusion levels
      within one year following cessation of smoking. A control group of 22 subjects
      who continued to smoke (matched for age, sex, duration of smoking, and duration
      of time between baseline and follow-up) showed no change in CBF values. A
      correlation between magnitude of CBF change and duration of cessation of
      cigarette smoking demonstrated a significant linear increase in CBF during the
      one-year period. These results suggest that elderly individuals who have smoked
      for three to four decades can benefit substantially by abstaining from cigarette
      smoking and that significant improvement in cerebral circulation occurs within a
      relatively short period.

PMID- 3873550
TI  - Early clinical signs identify low-risk patients with acute upper gastrointestinal
      hemorrhage.
AB  - Early identification of patients at low risk for poor outcome after acute upper
      gastrointestinal hemorrhage would allow reduction of diagnostic and therapeutic
      interventions. We identified six early predictors of good outcome: age less than
      75 years, no unstable comorbid illness, no ascites found on physical examination,
      normal prothrombin time, and, within an hour after presentation, systolic blood
      pressure of 100 mm Hg or greater and nasogastric aspirate free of fresh blood.
      Presence of all six predictors defined the low-risk population. Among 162
      patients in the development and retrospective validation phases of our study, all
      74 low-risk patients had good outcomes. A prospective validation study of 111
      patients further established the accuracy of our predictive method; only two of
      52 low-risk patients had poor outcomes. Application of our method should allow
      more selective management of patients with acute upper gastrointestinal
      hemorrhage.

PMID- 3873551
TI  - Hospital readmissions among survivors six months after myocardial
      revascularization.
AB  - One neglected but important measure of early morbidity after coronary artery
      bypass graft (CABG) operations is rehospitalization. As part of a prospective
      study of recovery after elective CABG procedures conducted at four academic
      medical centers, data from all readmissions occurring within the first six
      postoperative months were collected for 326 patients. A total of 24% of patients
      had readmissions. The most common categories of readmission discharge diagnoses
      were cardiac (57%), noncardiac (26%), and surgical sequelae (17%). Factors from
      the initial hospitalization identified as risk factors for rehospitalization
      included: length of stay in intensive care unit after surgery, severe noncardiac
      complications, duration of preoperative cardiac symptoms, intra-aortic balloon
      insertion, and preoperative resting angina. These findings help to identify a
      subset of at risk patients for whom more careful surveillance might be
      beneficial.

PMID- 3873552
TI  - [Stimulation of CFU-E colony formation of normal human bone marrow by peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells from a patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia].

PMID- 3873553
TI  - [A case of Hodgkin's disease with meningeal involvement].

PMID- 3873554
TI  - [Studies on the B-cell activation system. VI. Effects of T cells on B cell
      activation by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I].

PMID- 3873555
TI  - [Small intestine-derived hepatic regenerating factor].

PMID- 3873556
TI  - [Laboratory system of positron nuclear medicine. A design concept of Akita Nohken
      PET Center].

PMID- 3873557
TI  - [ECG-gated myocardial tomo-scintigraphy by a rotating bilateral collimator.
      Clinical application and artifacts].

PMID- 3873558
TI  - [Tomographic mapping of rate constants of [F-18] FDG model].

PMID- 3873560
TI  - [Combined use of Chinese herbal medicine and electric stimulation for the
      treatment of urinary calculi].

PMID- 3873559
TI  - [Regional cerebral blood flow measurement using N-isopropyl-p-[123I]
      iodoamphetamine and rotating gamma camera emission computed tomography].

PMID- 3873561
TI  - Studies on complications of diverticular disease of the colon.
AB  - Out of 1,124 cases of diverticular disease of the colon seen during the past 15
      years, 27 cases (2.4%) of diverticulitis and 44 cases (3.9%) of diverticular
      hemorrhage were found. The incidence of diverticulitis was more frequent in the
      both-sides colon type, and also in the multiple form having 10 or more
      diverticula. The average age was higher in diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon
      (57.8 years) than in diverticulitis of the right-side colon (47.9 years). Twenty
      two cases (81%) of these patients were recovered by medical treatment, and in 5
      cases (19%) of these, elective colectomy was carried out. On the other hand, the
      incidence of diverticular hemorrhage was more frequent in patients over 70 years
      old, and also in the multiple form having 10 or more diverticula. Though anemia
      was seen in 11 (25%) of 44 cases, all patients were recovered by medical
      management. Namely, diverticulitis of the right-side colon is more frequent in
      middle age, and both diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon and diverticular
      hemorrhage are more frequent in old age.

PMID- 3873562
TI  - In vivo electrochemical detection of 5-hydroxyindoles in the dorsal hippocampus
      of anesthetized rats treated with idebenone (CV-2619).
AB  - The effect of idebenone (CV-2619), 6-(10-hydroxydecyl)-2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4
      benzoquinone, on 5-hydroxyindoles in the dorsal hippocampus of rats was
      investigated by using in vivo differential pulse voltammetry. CV-2619 (100 mg/kg,
      i.p.) produced a large increase in oxidation current at 280 mV (peak 2) in the
      dorsal hippocampus. The increase was statistically significant at 20 and 30 min
      after the administration. 5-Hydroxytryptophan (150 mg/kg, i.p.) also caused a
      marked increase in peak 2, which was clearly inhibited by the treatment with
      pargyline (50 mg/kg, i.p.). Thus, the increase in peak 2 induced by CV-2619 seems
      to be associated with an increase in the 5-HT metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic
      acid and also partly with an increase in 5-HT.

PMID- 3873563
TI  - [Application of a flow/flush apparatus to obtain a clear field at the anastomotic
      site of A-C bypass].

PMID- 3873564
TI  - [Massive air embolism during cardiopulmonary bypass--a case report of successful
      management by temporary retrograde perfusion through the superior vena cava].

PMID- 3873565
TI  - [Aorto-coronary bypass surgery in isolated left anterior descending coronary
      artery stenosis].

PMID- 3873566
TI  - [Results of a questionnaire study of A-C bypass surgical technics].

PMID- 3873567
TI  - [Results of a survey on A-C bypass technics].

PMID- 3873568
TI  - Analysis of immune surveillance of sequentially derived cell lines that differ in
      their tumorigenic potential.
AB  - The immune surveillance hypothesis suggests that cancer evolves as a multistage
      process. Further, it predicts that cells intermediate on the pathway to cancer
      are susceptible to host protective mechanisms, and only those variants that are
      able to escape the protective mechanisms are able to grow as tumors. We have
      isolated, as lineages, fibroblast lines that express phenotypes predicted by the
      surveillance hypothesis. The lineages were derived by treating nontransformed
      cells (N-cells) with chemical carcinogens and by isolating transformed variants
      in vitro. From the transformants that are tumorigenic in immune-depressed ATXFL
      mice but rejected by normal mice (I-cells), variants were selected in vivo that
      had escaped the rejection mechanism(s) and had grown as tumors in normal mice (C
      cells). Thus lineages were established comprised of sequentially derived cell
      lines with the following phenotypes: nontransformed, transformed but susceptible
      to host protective mechanisms, transformed and resistant to host protective
      mechanisms (i.e., N----I----C). With the use of in vivo cross-protection
      experiments, two independently derived I-cell lines were shown to express non
      cross-reactive antigens that are not expressed by the parental nontransformed N
      cells (i.e., transformation-associated antigens). The transformation-associated
      antigens are expressed at an equivalent level on the cells that are susceptible
      to rejection (i.e., I-lines) and those that have escaped rejection (i.e., C
      lines). In addition, although the transformation-associated antigens expressed by
      I-cells induce an effective immune response capable of rejecting both the I-line
      and C-line, the expression of these antigens on C-cells does not induce an
      effective immune response. The role of host defense mechanisms in the rejection
      of these chemically transformed I-cells and the possible mechanisms by which C
      cells escape rejection are discussed.

PMID- 3873569
TI  - Perspectives on leprosy.

PMID- 3873570
TI  - [T lymphocytes participating in tuberculosis immunology--a study using cloned T
      lymphocytes].

PMID- 3873571
TI  - [Immunity and tuberculosis in man].

PMID- 3873572
TI  - [Ultrasonic Doppler recording in the diagnosis of the patency of aortocoronary
      shunts].
AB  - Eighty-seven autovenous shunts were examined using ultrasonic dopplerography to
      assess the patency of aorto-coronary shunts in 32 patients. B-scan was used to
      visualize the shunts and measure their inner diameter. Liner blood flow rate was
      measured with a Doppler adapter distinguishing the direction of the flow.
      Methodologic aspects of the application of this method to the assessment of the
      patency and function of aorto-coronary shunts are outlined. To verify the method,
      selective angiography was performed in 18 patients. A significant correlation was
      demonstrated between the two techniques. Ultrasonic Doppler scanning measuring
      linear blood flow rate is a safe, non-invasive and reliable method for the
      assessment of patency of aorto-coronary shunts. It can be used on an out-patient
      basis.

PMID- 3873573
TI  - T lymphocyte participation in antibody-induced experimental glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Macrophage accumulation is a feature of some aggressive forms of human and
      experimental glomerulonephritis (GN). Both antibody Fc components and T cells may
      cause macrophage accumulation; however, there has been no previous demonstration
      of T cells at the site of injury in GN, although some indirect evidence of their
      possible participation has been reported. Specific monoclonal anti-rat T
      lymphocyte antibodies W3/13, W3/25, and Ox8 were used to demonstrate T cells
      within the glomeruli of rats with an augmented autologous anti-GBM GN, by
      indirect immunofluorescence. The injury in this model has been shown to be
      mediated by macrophages. The T cell infiltrate consisted mainly of T helper
      cells, was maximal 24 hr after induction of the disease and clearly preceded the
      peak influx of macrophages and glomerular damage. Suppression of T cell function
      using cyclosporin prevented T cell accumulation and the subsequent macrophage
      induced injury. Glomerular T cells were not seen in passively induced GN. These
      studies support a role for cell-mediated immunity in attracting macrophages and
      initiating injury in experimental anti-GBM antibody-induced GN.

PMID- 3873574
TI  - Mesocaval and distal splenorenal shunts: effect on hepatic function, hepatic
      hemodynamics, and portal systemic encephalopathy.
AB  - The effect of the mesocaval interposition shunt (n = 12) and the distal
      splenorenal shunt (n = 9) on the wedged hepatic venous pressure, the estimated
      hepatic blood flow, quantitative hepatic function, and the rate of portal
      systemic encephalopathy was evaluated in 21 patients who had bled from esophageal
      varices. After mesocaval shunt the wedged hepatic venous pressure was
      significantly reduced by 42% (from 26 +/- 3 mm Hg to 15 +/- 5 mm Hg, P less than
      0.001) compared to 16% only (from 25 +/- 3 mm Hg to 21 +/- 2 mm Hg, P less than
      0.005) after distal splenorenal shunt. The estimated hepatic blood flow also
      decreased significantly after mesocaval shunt by 61% (from 1.45 +/- 0.46 l/min to
      0.56 +/- 0.25 l/min, P less than 0.001) compared to 29% (from 1.29 +/- 0.32 l/min
      to 0.91 +/- 0.39 l/min, P less than 0.05) after distal splenorenal shunt. Despite
      significantly different influences of both types of shunt operations on wedged
      hepatic venous pressure and estimated hepatic blood flow (P less than 0.001),
      postoperative changes of hepatic function were comparable in both groups of
      patients. The galactose elimination capacity, the initial plasma disappearance
      rate of Bromsulphalein, and the plasma ratio of valine, leucine, and isoleucine
      to phenylalanine and tyrosine were reduced by 13%, 26%, and 29%, respectively,
      after mesocaval shunt, compared to 12%, 25%, and 17% after distal splenorenal
      shunt. Only two patients of the mesocaval shunt group with the largest decrease
      in estimated hepatic blood flow developed portal systemic encephalopathy
      postoperatively, and the distal splenorenal shunt patients with their minor
      hemodynamic sequelae remained free of portal systemic encephalopathy.

PMID- 3873575
TI  - Inhibition of sodium transport in frog skin and iodination of tyrosine in vitro
      by a peptide of renal origin.
AB  - Eluates from a Sephadex G-25 column through which dog renal homogenate was passed
      contained a factor that inhibited lactoperoxidase (LPO)-catalyzed iodination of
      tyrosine as well as the short circuit current (active absorptive sodium flux) in
      isolated skin of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). The active fraction also had a
      sulfhydryl-containing moiety, the concentration of which was correlated directly
      with the extent of inhibition of the LPO enzyme. The fractions active in
      inhibition of the LPO enzyme failed to affect the Na/K-AT-Pase enzyme. Whether
      the same moiety of the active fraction inhibits both the LPO enzyme and SCC in
      frog skin is unknown and awaits additional study.

PMID- 3873576
TI  - The use of cerebral ventriculography for verification of intracerebroventricular
      cannula placement in the live rat.
AB  - A technique using cerebral ventriculography for verification of
      intracerebroventricular cannula placement in the live rat is described. A
      radiopaque contrast medium, diatrizoate meglumine, was injected into the right
      lateral ventricle through a cannula stereotaxically implanted into the brain.
      Radiographic visualization of the radiopaque contrast material in the lateral
      ventricle and the subarachnoid space verified cannula placement. Transient
      muscular spasms were observed in about 38% of the injected rats but no lasting
      changes were observed in the behavior or appearance of these rats.

PMID- 3873578
TI  - Medical grand rounds. CABG: have the indications changed?

PMID- 3873577
TI  - In vitro allograft irradiation prevents graft-versus-host disease in small-bowel
      transplantation.
AB  - In small-bowel transplantation, the transfer of large numbers of donor
      lymphocytes with the intestinal allograft may provoke a lethal graft-versus-host
      reaction. The effectiveness of allograft irradiation in vitro as a method of
      preventing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was studied in a rat model of small
      bowel transplantation, with the Lewis----Lewis X Brown Norway F1 hybrid strain
      combination. Cold harvested small-bowel allografts were irradiated immediately
      prior to heterotopic or orthotopic transplantation. Animals that had received
      heterotopic allografts irradiated with 0, 250, or 500 rad all died of GVHD after
      14.4 +/- 3.0, 15.0 +/- 1.3, and 14.2 +/- 1.9 days, respectively. None of the
      animals that had received allografts treated with 1000 rad developed clinical or
      pathologic evidence of GVHD, however, and all survived for more than 6 months (P
      less than 0.001). Allograft function was studied in animals that underwent
      orthotopic transplantation. Recipients of nonirradiated orthotopic allografts all
      died of GVHD after 14.0 +/- 0.7 days, whereas recipients of allografts irradiated
      with 1000 rad all survived for more than 5 months (P less than 0.001). After 120
      days, weight gain (51.8 +/- 11.7%), serum albumin (3.9 +/- 0.7 g/dl), serum
      triglycerides (67.0 +/- 24.3 mg/dl), CBC, and differential in these animals were
      not statistically different from those in either age-matched isograft recipients
      or normal animals, and when the rats were sacrificed, irradiated allografts
      showed no changes suggestive of radiation injury. These results indicate that
      irradiation of small-bowel allografts in vitro prevents development of GVHD, and
      that this can be achieved at a dose which does not cause injury to or malfunction
      of the allograft.

PMID- 3873579
TI  - Objective quantification of tremor in conscious unrestrained rats, exemplified
      with 5-hydroxytryptamine-mediated tremor.
AB  - To accomplish an objective quantification of tremor in conscious unrestrained
      rats, a registration device based on accelerometry was developed. Tremor
      intensity was continuously recorded by a small piezoresistive accelerometer (Egal
      125-10D, Entran Devices) mounted on the back of the freely moving rat. The
      accelerometer was connected to a Grass Polygraph, where the analog signal was
      quantified as arbitrary marks/min by a 7P10 integrating unit. The integrated
      signals were then further analyzed by a desk-top computer (Luxor ABC-80). By
      analyzing tremor response to central serotonergic system activation, the
      reproductibility as well as the advantages and limitations of this recording
      system were demonstrated.

PMID- 3873580
TI  - Endarterectomy of the left coronary system. Analysis of a 10 year experience.
AB  - Between January, 1971, and June, 1981, 278 patients undergoing coronary artery
      bypass grafting had additional endarterectomy to the left coronary system. This
      constitutes 28% of all patients undergoing bypass grafting. Additional
      endarterectomy of the left anterior descending was performed in 250 and of the
      circumflex in 75 (an average of 1.2 endarterectomies to the left coronary system
      per patient). Five hundred thirty-six additional grafts to other vessels were
      performed, for a total of 861 grafts (three grafts per patient). There were 11
      (4%) early and 29 (10%) late deaths. The actuarial survival rate was 93% at 3
      years and 80% at 6 years. The incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction
      was 12%. Of the survivors, 94% were either asymptomatic or improved. Two hundred
      forty-three grafts (75%) were restudied early (2 weeks to 1 year). The early
      patency rate of the grafts to the left anterior descending was 83% (156/188) and
      to the circumflex 75% (41/55). In 75 patients (81 grafts), restudied 1 year or
      more after operation, the patency rate was 75% (61/81). The runoff of grafts to
      the left coronary system was judged to be good in 76%, moderate in 14%, and poor
      in 10%.

PMID- 3873581
TI  - Severe Kawasaki heart disease treated with an internal mammary artery graft in
      pediatric patients. A first successful report.
AB  - Two Japanese boys, 6 and 10 years old, required operation for severe Kawasaki
      heart disease. Both had multiple coronary arterial aneurysms and stenoses, and
      one had mitral regurgitation as well. The operations consisted of anastomosis
      between the left internal mammary artery and the left anterior descending artery
      and insertion of an autologous saphenous vein between the aorta and the posterior
      descending artery in both patients. The mitral valve was replaced in the one with
      mitral regurgitation. Angina pectoris has been completely relieved as confirmed
      by postoperative angiocardiography. Late results of coronary bypass grafting with
      the saphenous vein in pediatric patients with Kawasaki disease have been less
      than satisfactory because of the high occlusion rate of the graft. The internal
      mammary artery may be superior, at least theoretically, to the saphenous vein
      graft because it is a "living graft" with a high possibility of growing and with
      less susceptibility to degeneration. This is the first report of successful
      operation utilizing an internal mammary artery graft in coronary bypass for
      Kawasaki disease.

PMID- 3873583
TI  - Phrenic nerve paresis associated with the use of iced slush and the cooling
      jacket for topical hypothermia.
AB  - Phrenic nerve injury has been reported with the use of iced slush for topical
      cardiac hypothermia. To study this problem in both valve and coronary procedures,
      we tried to detect phrenic nerve injury in five groups of patients undergoing
      cardiac operations in which different techniques of topical hypothermia were
      used. The results indicate a 24% incidence of left phrenic nerve paresis in
      patients undergoing coronary bypass with iced slush used for topical hypothermia,
      12.5% in patients in whom the cardiac cooling jacket was used in association with
      cold saline, and 22.9% in patients in whom both the cardiac cooling jacket and
      iced slush were used in the pericardial sac. There was no phrenic nerve injury
      when saline alone was used. Phrenic paresis is transient and of no clinical
      significance except when bilateral. Avoidance of contact of either the cooling
      jacket or iced slush with the phrenic nerve could avoid this complication.

PMID- 3873582
TI  - Improved myocardial recovery after cardioplegic arrest with an oxygenated
      crystalloid solution.
AB  - Possible enhancement of myocardial protection by oxygenation of a crystalloid
      cardioplegic solution was evaluated in a three-part study. In Part I, canine
      hearts underwent ischemia followed by heterogeneous cardioplegic arrest for 45 to
      60 minutes. Oxygenation led to improved recovery in the left anterior descending
      region (47% versus 86% recovery, p less than 0.05) (15 minutes of ischemia) and
      in the circumflex region (9.5% versus 52% recovery, p less than 0.05) (30 minutes
      of ischemia). Part II was a blind prospective randomized study in 12 patients. It
      examined creatine kinase, myoglobin, and lactate as well as coronary sinus flow,
      oxygen consumption, and cardiac work 1 hour after aortic cross-clamping during
      atrial and during ventricular pacing. No significant difference was demonstrable
      between control and oxygenated solutions. In Part III, 57 coronary bypass
      patients were protected with a nonoxygenated solution while 94 patients received
      an identical oxygenated solution. Twelve-hour creatine kinase levels were similar
      in the nonoxygenated (9.5 +/- 16 IU, +/- standard deviation) and oxygenated (11
      +/- 22 IU) groups if the cross-clamp interval was 28 minutes or less. In patients
      subjected to longer than 28 minutes of arrest, the 12 hour creatine kinase MB
      levels were more than twice as high in the nonoxygenated group (26.5 +/- 26 IU)
      compared to the oxygenated group (9.9 +/- 14 IU, p less than 0.05). In this
      canine model of heterogeneous cardioplegia and in the routine conduct of coronary
      bypass operations, oxygenated crystalloid cardioplegia is superior to an
      identical nonoxygenated solution.

PMID- 3873584
TI  - Hemodynamic consequences of bronchial flow during cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - Nine patients (seven men and two women) were studied while undergoing coronary
      artery bypass on cardiopulmonary bypass. Selective bronchial flow samples were
      obtained and analyzed for prostaglandin E2 levels, and the hemodynamic effects of
      this vasodilator were studied. Bronchial flow collection and measurements were
      performed during hypothermic cardioplegic arrest while the peripheral anastomosis
      was being completed, as described previously. This collected sample was reinfused
      abruptly to the pump circuit, but samples were also analyzed for specific
      radioimmunoassay antiserum for prostaglandin E2 levels. Urine levels were
      obtained both with and without indomethacin block. All nine patients were studied
      for the hemodynamic effects of rapidly reinfused bronchial flow. A 34% +/- 8.8%
      mean drop of blood pressure and peripheral vascular resistance were recorded (p
      less than 0.002). Three study groups were established: In Group I, serum
      prostaglandin assay was performed on six patients. Prostaglandin E2 levels showed
      an average of increase of 159% compared to the baseline (p less than 0.02). In
      Group II, urine prostaglandin was measured. Nine assays were performed on six
      patients. Analysis of the total urine production while on cardiopulmonary bypass
      showed an average increase in prostaglandin E2 of 300% (p less than 0.02). In
      Group III, combined serum and urine prostaglandin levels were measured in three
      patients before and after indomethacin block (50 mg four times a day for 48 hours
      before the operation). All of these patients demonstrated the same hypotensive
      phenomena with reinfusion of the bronchial flow. The urinary prostaglandin E2
      output and serum prostaglandin E2 levels in bronchial flow were elevated.
      Overall, this group manifested a 50% reduction in prostaglandin E2 production
      over baseline values with indomethacin block (p less than 0.02) and a 300%
      increase in production during cardiopulmonary bypass (p less than 0.02). Our data
      suggest that significant amounts of prostaglandin E2 are released in the lung
      during the stress of cardiac operations. Rapid reinfusion of bronchial flow is
      responsible for hypotension during cardiopulmonary bypass. Pretreatment with
      indomethacin will not completely block prostaglandin E2 release in the lung
      during stress.

PMID- 3873585
TI  - Accessory role of autologous T lymphocytes and adherent cells for the in vitro
      proliferation of T-cell colony-forming cells from patients with T-cell acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Peripheral blood T colony-forming cells (T-CFC) from patients with T-cell
      malignancies can proliferate in methylcellulose in the absence of added growth
      factors or mitogenic stimulation. Mononuclear cells (MNC) from 7 patients with T
      cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia were separated into cells forming rosettes with
      sheep erythrocytes (E+) or not (E-). E- cells were further depleted by complement
      mediated cytotoxicity with OKT3 monoclonal antibody (E-OKT3- cells). The study of
      their spontaneous T-cell colony-forming ability suggested that proliferation of T
      CFC in the absence of added growth factors requires cellular cooperation because:
      (1) No colony growth was observed at low cell concentrations (up to 2 X 10(4)
      cells/ml) whereas at higher cell densities the number of colonies increased
      exponentially; (2) The plating efficiency from unfractionated MNC was higher than
      that from E-OKT3- or E+ cells. Irradiated autologous E+ cells enhanced the
      plating efficiency from blast-enriched cell fractions (E-OKT3-) when co-cultured
      either directly in methylcellulose or separately in a two layer assay (agar
      methylcellulose), suggesting that their activity could be due to diffusible
      factors; (3) Adherent-cell depletion of MNC decreased colony formation.
      Autologous irradiated adherent cells were able to restore the plating efficiency
      from MNCA- cells when co-cultured directly in methylcellulose but not in separate
      layers; however, media conditioned by patients' A+ cells could enhance the colony
      growth from patients' MNCA- cells, indicating that their activity could also be
      mediated by constitutively released soluble factors.

PMID- 3873586
TI  - The molecular basis for the differential sensitivity of B and T lymphocytes to
      growth inhibition by thymidine and 5-fluorouracil.
AB  - Cultured leukemic lymphocytes originating from patients with T, B and non-T, non
      B (null) leukemia were tested for their sensitivity to thymidine and 5
      fluorouracil. T cells were found to be 5-7 fold more sensitive to thymidine
      growth inhibition than B-cells. At 10(-3) M concentration of thymidine, T cells
      showed a progressive (up to 75%) decline in the populating trypan blue-excluding
      cells, after 72 h. At this concentration of thymidine B cells showed slight
      inhibition at 24 and 48 h, then at 72 h the surviving cell level returned almost
      to the level of unperturbed cells. Thymidine at 10(-5) M concentration, caused
      40% cell growth inhibition of T cells, however, at this concentration it had
      little or no effect on B cells. 5-fluorouracil effects on B and T lymphocytes are
      opposite to that of thymidine. B cells were on an average 5-7 times more
      sensitive to 5-FU than T cells. 5-FU at 10(-6) M caused up to 45% inhibition of B
      cell growth but at this concentration it had no effect on the growth of T cells.
      B-, T- and null-lymphocytes sensitivity to thymidine and 5-FU was correlated with
      the level of the catabolic enzyme thymidine phosphorylase. B cells had, on
      average, 5-fold more thymidine phosphorylase than T or null cells. Furthermore,
      the enzyme from the B-cell line (HR1K) chromatographed differently on DEAE
      Sephadex than the normal peripheral blood lymphocytes enzyme. The normal enzyme
      from peripheral blood lymphocytes when adsorbed to DEAE-Sephadex was eluted at a
      salt concentration of 0.3 M KCI, Enzyme activities of HR1K did not adsorb to the
      DEAE-Sephadex column but were adsorbed to a phosphocellulose column. Enzyme from
      normal and leukemic lymphocytes showed similar molecular weights of 130,000
      dalton as determined by gel filtration.

PMID- 3873587
TI  - B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and isochromosome 7q.
AB  - A 10-year-old girl with cytological and immunological characteristics of B-cell
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia is reported. Chromosomal analysis revealed the
      presence of t(8;14) and i(7q).

PMID- 3873588
TI  - Biologic activities of recombinant human interleukin 2 on murine lymphocytes.
AB  - Recombinant human IL-2, produced by yeast cells, was tested in a number of in
      vitro responses with murine lymphocytes. The responses studied included
      proliferation of a cloned murine T lymphocyte line, generation of cytotoxic
      responses, recall of cytotoxic memory, and restoration of responses in spleen
      cells taken from cyclophosphamide-treated mice. In all cases, the recombinant
      human IL-2 had the same activity as purified murine IL-2. The recombinant
      material represents a source of IL-2 free of other lymphokines. The responses
      described in this work can therefore be ascribed to the direct effects of human
      IL-2, of known sequence, on the cells of interest.

PMID- 3873589
TI  - Third French Workshop on interleukin 2: joint report.

PMID- 3873590
TI  - Acquired immunological tolerance in aged mice III. The contribution of lymphoid
      cells and their environments to the age related resistance to tolerance
      induction.
AB  - Whether lymphoid cells or their environment are responsible for the decreased
      tolerogen sensitivity of aged mice was examined using an adoptive transfer
      system. Bone marrow cells from old (24 months), middle aged (12 months) and young
      adult mice (2 months) were equally sensitive to tolerance induction with
      deaggregated human immunoglobulin (DHGG) when they were transplanted into young
      lethally irradiated syngeneic hosts. Adoptively transferred splenocytes also
      showed no age related difference in tolerogen sensitivity. Thus, the age related
      difference seen in the intact animal is due largely to environmental factors
      acting on lymphoid cells in the aged animal. The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
      as one such environmental factor affecting tolerance induction was investigated.
      LPS administered to aged mice produced greater polyclonal B cell activation and
      autoantibody formation than it did in young animals. When LPS was administered
      shortly after DHGG injection it converted the tolerogen to an immunogen with
      greater efficiency in aged animals.

PMID- 3873591
TI  - [Development and validation of a non-invasive method for the endoscopic
      measurement of the pressure of esophageal varices].

PMID- 3873592
TI  - Cogan's syndrome: audiovestibular involvement and prognosis in 18 patients.
AB  - The experience at the Mayo Clinic with 18 patients who had Cogan's syndrome is
      reviewed. Typically, the illness began with systemic symptoms. The ocular and
      audiovestibular symptoms included ocular discomfort and redness, photophobia, and
      fluctuating sensorineural deafness with imbalance. Each patient had interstitial
      keratitis; the ocular symptoms periodically recurred but responded to therapy.
      Thirteen patients who had fluctuating bilateral sensorineural deafness
      subsequently suffered total bilateral deafness. Two patients who are unilaterally
      deaf have good residual hearing. Two other patients regained hearing within
      normal limits after treatment with corticosteroids. No hearing symptoms were
      observed in one patient who had severe vertigo and whose condition is stable.
      Seventeen patients had vertigo: 11 have no labyrinthine function, 1 had absent
      responses on vestibular testing initially but currently demonstrates good
      responses, and the 5 others have remained stable with diminished vestibular
      function. If Cogan's syndrome is diagnosed early and treatment with
      corticosteroids is initiated promptly, hearing can be stabilized; otherwise, the
      prognosis for auditory function is poor.

PMID- 3873593
TI  - Extraglandular Warthin's tumors.
AB  - Warthin's tumor or papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum (PCL) represents a
      clinically significant entity, not because of pernicious behavior, but because
      its cytohistological characteristics tell us much about the development and
      morphology of the parotid region. Three cases operated on in which PCL developed
      in an extraglandular location from the parotid, formed the basis for a series of
      observations on what is known about: 1. etiology of PCL; 2. the nature of the
      lymphocytic components; 3. the relatively high incidence of bilateral and
      multiple occurrence, as well as male predominance. These studies employed
      immunohistological techniques using a series of monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 3873594
TI  - Central projections of primary vestibular fibers in the bullfrog: I. The
      vestibular nuclei.
AB  - The central projections of the vestibular end organs in the bullfrog Rana
      calesbeiana were analyzed by using horseradish peroxidase labeling of the primary
      vestibular afferents. Separate extracellular injections were made of the anterior
      branch, the posterior branch, the ampullary nerve of each of the three
      semicircular canals, and the branch to the saccule. The anterior and posterior
      branches of the bullfrog eighth nerve, each containing both vestibular and
      auditory fibers, merge and enter the brain stem as a single nerve root. The thin
      caliber fibers of the anterior branch enter the brain stem on the ventral
      posterior aspect of the nerve and immediately divide dichotomously into ascending
      (rostral) and descending (caudal) branches. The thick caliber fibers of the
      anterior branch enter the brain stem on the ventral-anterior aspect of the eighth
      nerve and traverse medially into the alar plate before dividing into ascending
      and descending branches. The primary afferent fibers of the vestibular nerve
      innervate an ipsilateral area of the brain stem which extends caudally from the
      rhombencephalon at the level of the twelfth nerve nucleus and rostrally up to and
      including the cerebellar nucleus and the cerebellum. The following vestibular
      nuclei can be identified by the fact that they receive primary vestibular
      afferents: the ventral vestibular nucleus, medial vestibular nucleus, descending
      vestibular nucleus, superior vestibular nucleus, and cerebellar nucleus. The
      dorsal (acoustic) nucleus, which receives primary auditory input, also receives
      afferents from the saccule. In addition to these nuclei, the cerebellum and the
      reticular formation receive significant primary input from the various vestibular
      receptors. The primary vestibulo-cerebellar fibers terminate mainly among the
      granular cells of the lobus auricularis and of the corpus cerebelli on the
      ipsilateral side. Each of the three semicircular canals projects into the
      cerebellum, while no such projection was observed in the saccular nerve
      preparations. Fibers from each of the three semicircular canals project to all of
      the vestibular nuclei. Heavily labeled large neurons, presumably vestibular
      efferents, are seen in the ipsilateral reticular formation, adjacent to the
      seventh motor nucleus.

PMID- 3873595
TI  - [Emission computed tomography in the diagnosis of focal liver diseases].
AB  - Diagnostic potentialities of emission computerized tomography (ECT), computerized
      tomography (CT) and polyposition scintigraphy (PS) were established by the
      results of a comprehensive study of the liver in 105 cancer patients with 246
      metastatic tumors. In the foci with a diameter less than 20 mm ECT and PS were
      ineffective, in 20-40 mm ECT and CT potentialities were approximately the same
      and 50% of detection was noted with PS; in 40 mm and over the diagnostic
      potentialities of the above 3 methods were equal.

PMID- 3873597
TI  - [Effect of splenectomy on T cell subsets of peripheral blood lymphocytes in
      portal hypertension].

PMID- 3873596
TI  - [Eliman-206 2-channel analgesic electrostimulator].

PMID- 3873598
TI  - Monoclonal antibody-directed determination of cytochrome P-450 types expressed in
      a human lymphoblastoid cell line.
AB  - Cytochrome P-450-dependent aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and 7
      ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activities of a cloned line of human lymphoblastoid
      AHH-1 cells are inhibited by a monoclonal antibody (MAb 1-7-1) prepared to a 3
      methylcholanthrene-induced rat liver cytochrome P-450. The monoclonal antibody
      inhibition determined that a single MAb 1-7-1-sensitive type of cytochrome P-450
      is responsible for all of AHH expression in both the basal and benz[a]anthracene
      induced cells. Partial inhibition by the MAb 1-7-1, however, indicates that at
      least two forms of cytochrome P-450 catalyze 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase in
      both the basal and the induced cells, one form of which is identical to the MAb
      sensitive cytochrome P-450 responsible for all of the AHH. Thus, a single cloned
      cell line is capable of expressing two classes of cytochromes P-450, and the
      observed multiplicity of cytochrome P-450 in animal tissues does not necessarily
      depend on cell heterogeneity. A sensitive MAb 1-7-1-based radioimmunoassay also
      directly demonstrates the presence in these cells of a MAb 1-7-1-specific type of
      cytochrome P-450 as well as its elevation in the induced cells. These MAb-based
      methods thus can determine the contribution of specific MAb-defined types of
      cytochromes P-450 to the cellular metabolism of specific xenobiotics.

PMID- 3873599
TI  - [Anti-immunoglobulins (rheumatoid factors)--immunobiology and significance in
      pediatrics].
AB  - Reactions between immunoglobulins and anti-immunoglobulins in adult and juvenile
      rheumatoid arthritis are reviewed with special respect to juvenile disease. The
      practical relevance of the different assays is described and future perspectives
      developed.

PMID- 3873600
TI  - Clinical and obstetric risk factors for preterm delivery.

PMID- 3873601
TI  - Rubella susceptibility among prenatal and family planning clinic populations.

PMID- 3873602
TI  - Tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis for diabetics: are the benefits of isoniazid worth
      the risk?

PMID- 3873603
TI  - Some effects of a hospital employee strike on patient satisfaction.

PMID- 3873604
TI  - Should mild hypertension be treated? An attempted meta-analysis of the clinical
      trials.

PMID- 3873605
TI  - Factors predicting survival for six months after cardiopulmonary resuscitation:
      multivariate analysis of a prospective study.

PMID- 3873606
TI  - Patterns of diazepam prescribing in primary care: a case control study.

PMID- 3873607
TI  - Primary care of elderly women: is Pap smear screening necessary?

PMID- 3873608
TI  - The prevalence of alcoholism in acute care general hospital patients.

PMID- 3873609
TI  - Error rate factor in the management of suspected acute appendicitis: has anything
      changed?

PMID- 3873610
TI  - Refusal of treatment: the role of psychiatric consultation.

PMID- 3873611
TI  - A method to quantify spontaneous and in vivo induced thioguanine-resistant mouse
      lymphocytes.
AB  - A clonogenic assay to quantify thioguanine (TG)-resistant (TGr) spleen
      lymphocytes in the mouse has been developed to support studies of in vivo
      mutation affecting the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) locus.
      Lymphocytes are cultured in 96-well microtiter plates for 9 days with
      proliferation initiated by the mitogen concanavalin A and supported thereafter by
      conditioned medium containing interleukin-2. Lymphocytes are plated at high
      densities (4-8 X 10(5)/well) with TG and irradiated L5178Y lymphoma cells
      (10(4)/well) to detect the presence of TGr cells. To determine the cloning
      efficiency without TG lymphocytes are plated at a low density (10/well) with
      irradiated L5178Y cells and irradiated lymphocytes (4-8 X 10(5)/well).
      Proliferation of cells is detected by [3H]thymidine incorporation and
      scintillation spectrometry. Spontaneous frequencies of TGr clones are independent
      of TG dose from 0.2 to 10 micrograms/ml and independent of cell density over the
      range cited. The TGr clones tested have less than 10% hypoxanthine incorporation
      in vivo relative to unselected clones and have stable phenotypes in the absence
      of selection. The spontaneous frequency of TGr cells ranged from 1 to 3 X 10(-6).
      In vivo treatment of mice intraperitoneally with ethylnitrosourea 15 days prior
      to in vitro culture resulted in a linear dose-related increase of TGr cells, with
      70.2 mg/kg inducing a frequency of TGr cells of 2 X 10(-5).

PMID- 3873612
TI  - Somatic gene mutations in vivo as indicated by the 6-thioguanine-resistant T
      lymphocytes in human blood.
AB  - The clonal and the autoradiographic assays for 6-thioguanine-resistant (TGr) T
      lymphocytes (T-Lys) in human blood are reviewed. Studies of TGr colonies
      recovered from clonal assays show that the mutant T-Lys (i) are either helper
      (T4) or suppressor (T8) cells, (ii) possess stable TGr phenotypes, (iii) are
      deficient in hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), and (iv) have
      structural alterations in the hprt gene. TGr T-Ly mutant frequencies (Mfs)
      determined by clonal assays are of the order of 10(-6)-10(-5) for normal adults.
      Autoradiographically determined variant frequencies (Vfs) are also in this range
      for normal adults when lymphocytes are cryopreserved before study to remove
      'phenocopies'. Cancer exposed to potentially mutagenic treatments have elevated
      TGr T-Ly Vfs. Comparative clonal and autoradiographic assays of the same blood
      samples give generally similar results when allowances are made for potential
      sources of error in each assay. The TGr T-Ly system is presented for human
      specific-locus mutagenicity monitoring.

PMID- 3873613
TI  - C1-inhibitor deficiency with antiidiotypic antibody.

PMID- 3873614
TI  - A randomized trial of coronary artery bypass surgery. Survival of patients with a
      low ejection fraction.
AB  - The Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) was designed to compare medical and
      surgical treatment of selected patients with chronic, stable coronary artery
      disease. This report concerns a subset of patients with reduced ventricular
      function. Of 780 patients randomly assigned to medical or surgical treatment, 160
      had ejection fractions above 0.34 but below 0.50 at base line and have been
      followed for an average of seven years. Eighty-two patients were assigned to
      medical therapy, and 78 to surgery; the two groups were comparable at base line
      with regard to prognostically important variables. At seven years, 84 per cent of
      patients in the surgical group were alive, as compared with 70 per cent of the
      medical group (P = 0.01). Nearly half the patients with impaired ventricular
      function had triple-vessel disease at entry; at seven years, observed survival in
      this group was 88 and 65 per cent for those assigned to surgical and medical
      treatment, respectively (P = 0.009). Survival of patients with single-vessel or
      double-vessel disease was similar in the two treatment groups. We conclude that
      patients with triple-vessel disease and ejection fractions higher than 0.34 but
      lower than 0.50 appear to have improved seven-year survival with elective bypass
      surgery.

PMID- 3873615
TI  - Expression of T-cell antigen receptor genes during fetal development in the
      thymus.
AB  - The T-cell antigen receptor is a heterodimeric molecule composed of alpha- and
      beta-subunits of relative molecular mass 40,000-50,000 (refs 1-6). Recently, the
      genes encoding both the beta- and alpha- chains have been cloned. By comparing
      amino-acid and nucleic-acid sequences, it is clear that these genes encode the
      alpha- and beta-proteins of the T-cell receptor. In addition, a third receptor
      like gene, the gamma-chain gene, has been identified, which has many structural
      and sequence characteristics in common with the alpha- and beta-chain genes. The
      role of the gamma-chain gene in T-cell development is unknown. We have reported
      recently that the beta-chain genes are transcriptionally turned on in the thymus
      at about day 17 of fetal development. Here we report that the alpha-chain also is
      transcriptionally activated during this time, but that the gamma-chain gene is
      active in the thymus at day 14, reaches a peak steady-state level at day 15 and
      rapidly declines thereafter. If the gamma-chain gene has a functional role, it
      would seem to be involved very early in T-cell development, before the mature T
      cell receptor is expressed.

PMID- 3873616
TI  - Abrogation of metastatic properties of tumour cells by de novo expression of H-2K
      antigens following H-2 gene transfection.
AB  - H-2 gene transfection was used to restore expression of H-2K antigens in
      metastatic and non-metastatic subclones of a murine fibrosarcoma that lack their
      major histocompatibility complex-encoded H-2K antigens. De novo expression of H
      2K reduced tumorigenicity and abolished the formation of metastasis in syngeneic
      mice. Expression of H-2K may lead to effective recognition of the disseminating
      tumour cells by the host immune system.

PMID- 3873617
TI  - Induction of regulatory T-lymphocyte responses by liposomes carrying major
      histocompatibility complex molecules and foreign antigen.
AB  - Regulatory (helper and suppressor) T lymphocytes become activated only when
      foreign antigen is presented to them on the surface of antigen-presenting cells
      (APC), together with class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules
      (heterodimers of polypeptides of 28,000 and 35,000 relative molecular mass). Once
      activated by a certain foreign antigen--MHC combination, T cells react to the
      same antigen only in combination with the same MHC molecule, a phenomenon termed
      MHC restriction of T-cell recognition (reviewed in refs 1,5). Studies of the
      mechanisms involved in antigen presentation and MHC restriction have been
      hampered mainly by the virtual impossibility of inducing T-cell responses in the
      absence of APC. We describe here the production of synthetic lipid vesicles with
      inserted class II MHC molecules and a protein antigen coupled covalently to the
      lipid. These liposomes are shown to stimulate cloned helper T cells and T-cell
      hybridomas in an antigen-specific, MHC-restricted manner in the absence of APC.
      Thus, the recognition of foreign antigen together with class II MHC molecules
      seems to be the only signal required for the activation of antigen-primed
      regulatory T cells. Furthermore, 'processing' of antigen by APC is not essential
      for its recognition by T cells.

PMID- 3873618
TI  - Human transforming growth factor-alpha causes precocious eyelid opening in
      newborn mice.
AB  - Both murine and human epidermal growth factors (EGFs) are known to cause
      precocious opening of the eyelids in newborn mice. Another set of peptides that
      are structurally and functionally homologous to murine and human EGFs are the
      murine and human type-alpha transforming growth factors (TGF-alpha s), TGF-alpha
      s have been found in many cancer cells and it has been suggested that their
      autocrine action may play an important part in malignant transformation. In
      several in vitro systems murine and human TGF-alpha s are functionally
      interchangeable with murine and human EGFs. However, the in vivo activity of the
      TGF-alpha s has not been characterized, as only small amounts of these peptides
      were available until recently. The cloning of the gene for human TGF-alpha and
      its expression in Escherichia coli now allow us to demonstrate that human TGF
      alpha is as active as murine EGF in promoting eyelid opening in newborn mice.
      Furthermore, we show in a dose-dependent eyelid opening assay that human EGF is
      as potent as its murine homologue with respect to this biological property.

PMID- 3873620
TI  - Laser endoscopy.

PMID- 3873619
TI  - [The biochemistry of vitamin K].

PMID- 3873621
TI  - [Asymmetry in the structural organization of the ganglion layer of the retina in
      the frog].
AB  - Silver-impregnated retinal preparations were used to study the distribution
      density and topographic features of small and large ganglionic cells (GC) of Rana
      ridibunda and Rana temporaria. For both species the increased density of GC (a
      streak) stretched higher than the naso-temporal axis passing through the optic
      disk. Beyond the streak the density of small GC was maximal in the central zone
      of the retina and decreased towards its periphery. For the upper quadrants of the
      retina the density of small GC was higher than that for the lower ones by 26% on
      the average. On the contrary, the density of large GC was higher in the lower
      part of the retina as compared to the upper one, the difference being more
      pronounced for R. temporaria. The density of large GC was also asymmetric with
      respect to the dorso-ventral axis being higher in nasal quadrants than in
      temporal ones by 40-55%. The highest density of large GC was found in the middle
      zone of the retina. The found structural asymmetry in the retinal output raster
      may bear an adaptively ecological meaning and may condition the particularities
      of the formation of the visually guided prey-catching and avoidance reactions.

PMID- 3873622
TI  - G-banding chromosome studies of acute lymphoblastic Lewis rat leukemia (KPH-Lw
      I).
AB  - Changes of karyotype in spontaneous acute lymphoblastic Lewis rat leukemia have
      been studied by conventional Giemsa staining method and by G- and C-banding
      techniques. Comparing with previously published normal findings in first passages
      on rats, an increasing number of breaks, gaps and fragments in the 5th and 14th
      passages has been proved. Chromosomal investigation performed after two-year
      transplantation of leukemia on syngenic animals revealed pseudodiploid karyotype
      of leukemic lymphoblasts with the persistence of cell line 42, XX, del 2, -7, 
      18, +2 mar, that remained unchanged up to the latest examination in April 1984.
      Remarkable stability of chromosomal changes such as del 2 and 7/18 translocation
      might indicate possible insertion sites of transforming (viral) agent and/or
      localization of putative oncogenes.

PMID- 3873623
TI  - Distribution of subpopulations of T lymphocytes in Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - In this paper, two aspects of T cell subsets are investigated. Splenic
      mononuclear cells (MNC) of untreated Hodgkin's disease (HD) patients have been
      investigated for proportion of immunoregulatory T gamma and T mu cells from 8
      uninvolved spleens and 13 involved splenic tissues from HD patients with splenic
      involvement. As controls, two normal spleens from accident cases were used. It
      was found that irrespective of the involvement of splenic tissue in the disease
      process, the HD spleens showed lower percentage of T gamma cells (23.77 +/- 1.03)
      and higher sequestration of T mu cells (31.6 +/- 2.13) compared to normal spleens
      (42.5% and 13% resp.). However, there was no significant difference in the total
      T cell percentages of HD and normal spleens (49.1 +/- 1.13% and 52% resp.). The
      results therefore indicated the possibility of abnormal sequestration and traffic
      of T cell subsets in HD. We have also reported here a comparison between T cell
      subsets from the PBMNC of treated and untreated HD patients and normal healthy
      donors as assessed by the FcR markers and monoclonal antibodies of Leu series. It
      was found that the abnormality in T cell subsets could be demonstrated by FcR
      markers, while Leu 2a and Leu 3a reactivities did not differ in HD and normal
      PBMNC. The subset proportions identified by two tests did not tally with each
      other.

PMID- 3873624
TI  - Zinc-induced enhancement of lymphocyte function and viability in chronic uremia.
AB  - Spontaneous and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis (LB)
      was measured by the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into lymphocytes from zinc
      treated (group I) and non-zinc-treated (group II) patients on maintenance
      hemodialysis and from normal controls. The results were expressed as
      disintegrations per minute (dpm) per 200,000 cells. Spontaneous LB was comparable
      in the 3 groups. LB in response to PHA was impaired in group II (mean dpm 28,244
      +/- 13,499 SEM) as compared to group I (163,407 +/- 14,325; p less than 0.001) or
      controls (193,711 +/- 9,406; p less than 0.001). In 5 group II patients the mean
      dpm rose from (45,630 +/- 26,334 SD to 211,795 +/- 78,231; p less than 0.025)
      after zinc therapy. The mean percentages of viable lymphocytes after 72 h of
      culture were 53.8, 85.8 and 85.5 in groups II, I, and controls, respectively.
      These results clearly indicate that zinc therapy improves lymphocyte function and
      viability in uremia and suggest that abnormal zinc metabolism may play a role in
      the impaired cellular immunity in this disorder.

PMID- 3873625
TI  - [Regional hemodynamic and metabolic consequences of temporo-sylvian anastomosis.
      Study of 15 patients by positron emission tomography].
AB  - Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF), Oxygen Extraction Fraction, and Oxygen utilization
      (CMRO2) have been studied in 15 patients before and After Extra-Intracranial
      Arterial bypass (EIAB), using PET and 150 steady-State Inhalation technique.
      Fourteen patients had carotid artery obstructive lesions and the last one a
      middle cerebral artery occlusion. In the whole group of patients, both CBF and
      CMRO2 increased significantly on both cerebral hemispheres after the EIAB. This
      effect was more marked in patients with extensive occlusive disease of neck
      vessels. This metabolic improvement afforded by EIAB in our patients suggests
      that long-standing hemodynamic failure may induce a metabolic depression that's
      still potentially reversible by surgical revascularization. On the other hand,
      improvement of focal CBF abnormalities depends, in our patients, upon the
      preoperative coupling of CBF-CMRO2 (mainly misery perfusion syndrome) as reported
      earlier.

PMID- 3873627
TI  - Effect of methionine-enkephalin plus ZnCl2 on active T cell rosettes.
AB  - Methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) and ZnCl2 in combination enhances active T cell
      rosette formation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to a greater degree than
      either of the agents used separately. Enhancement of rosette formation by Met-Enk
      plus ZnCl2 was not inhibited by the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone but was
      completely blocked by the zinc chelator 1,10-phenanthroline. The results suggest
      a relationship between zinc and Met-Enk and that zinc may be a modulator of
      enkephalin binding and function in the immune system as well as the nervous
      system.

PMID- 3873626
TI  - Search for DNA alterations in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - The DNA of brain cortex obtained from autopsy specimens of eight patients with
      Alzheimer's disease and eight controls was examined for content of normal and
      abnormal bases. DNA, purified by hydroxyapatite chromatography, was hydrolyzed
      under mild conditions and the deoxynucleosides were measured by high performance
      liquid chromatography (HPLC). No differences in the mole percentages of
      deoxynucleosides in DNA were detected in patients with Alzheimer's disease
      compared to controls, nor were abnormal deoxynucleosides found. Restriction
      nuclease digests examined by agarose gel electrophoresis also showed no changes.
      Thus, diffuse and persistent damage to the DNA in brain in Alzheimer's disease
      was not detected by these methods.

PMID- 3873628
TI  - Bioelectrical correlates of protective mechanisms of the brain.

PMID- 3873629
TI  - Anatomical and ontogenetic studies of the human paraventriculo-infundibular
      corticoliberin system.
AB  - In human fetus, newborn, infant and adult hypothalami, antibodies to ovine
      corticoliberin-41 stain a paraventriculo-infundibular neuroglandular pathway. The
      perikarya are located in the paraventricular nucleus, they mainly project to the
      ventral and lateral areas of the median eminence. Eminential corticoliberin
      positive fibres appear during the 16th week of fetal life, and increase in number
      during the following weeks. Perikarya were first revealed in the 19th week. In
      some areas of the median eminence, corticoliberin-, vasopressin- or
      [Met]enkephalin-immunoreactive terminals are similarly distributed. Sequential
      stainings or staining comparison of contiguous semi-thin sections failed to prove
      the coexpression of corticoliberin and [Met]enkephalin immunoreactivities in
      fibres, but indicated that corticoliberin and vasopressin immunoreactivities may
      be coexpressed in a few fibres. Those methods enabled us to observe, in the
      paraventricular nucleus, perikarya revealed by corticoliberin and vasopressin
      antisera. Our results suggest a possible release of corticoliberin in portal
      vessels of the median eminence beginning in the 16th week of fetal life, i.e. 8
      weeks later than appearance of the corticotrophs in the pituitary. Establishment
      of a corticoliberin hypothalamic control of pituitary corticotrophs at mid
      gestation agrees with previous physiological and teratological studies.
      Abundance, as well as immunostaining intensity of the corticoliberin processes,
      in the infant and adult median eminence attest to the physiological importance of
      this system. Close vicinity of corticoliberin, vasopressin and [Met]enkephalin
      fibres, in some eminential areas and coexpression of corticoliberin and
      vasopressin immunoreactivities in some neurons, are morphological correlates of
      functional relations which were reported.

PMID- 3873630
TI  - Primary medullary hypertensive hemorrhage.
AB  - A 33-year-old man with untreated hypertension had sudden onset of signs and
      symptoms suggestive of a dorsal lateral medullary syndrome. He died after 27
      days. Postmortem studies revealed intramedullary hemorrhage with extension into
      the fourth ventricle and hypertensive cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 3873631
TI  - [Upper fiberendoscopy in hemorrhagic emergencies].

PMID- 3873632
TI  - [Connective tissue diseases and HEp-2 antinuclear antibodies].
AB  - Some characteristics of antinuclear antibodies that might be of use for
      diagnostic and/or prognostic purposed were studied using indirect
      immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells in 55 cases of various types of connective
      tissue disease. For each nuclear (homogeneous, speckled, granular, dotted,
      pulverulent and centromeric) and nucleolar fluorescence pattern (homogeneous,
      conglutinated and dotted), the following parameters were observed; C3 fixing
      capacity, degree of antibody affinity and sensitivity to RNAse, DNAse and
      trypsin. The results were very interesting, especially in relation to the
      diagnosis of progressive systemic sclerosis and of the related subsets, but were
      insufficient for reliable, conclusive prognostic evaluation.

PMID- 3873633
TI  - Effects on syngeneic tumors of F1 lymphocytes sensitized in vitro by parental
      stimulator cells.
AB  - F1 lymphocytes stimulated in vitro by parental cells were evaluated for
      cytotoxicity against semisyngeneic tumors and lymphoblasts. B6AF1 (H-2a,b) spleen
      cells were placed in culture with C57BL/6 (H-2b) or B10.A (H-2a) cells and 6 days
      later were assayed for cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro; also subcutaneous,
      intraperitoneal, and intrapulmonary tumor neutralization experiments were
      performed. F1 lymphocytes sensitized by parental cells showed high levels of
      cytotoxicity to the tumor cells of the parental haplotype but no lysis of
      parental blastoid cells. Tumor cells from irrelevant haplotypes were also lysed.
      The cells mediating in this type of killing were characterized phenotypically as
      Thy-1.2- and Lyt-2.2-positive. In a subcutaneous tumor neutralization test (Winn
      assay), marked suppression of EL-4 lymphoma (H-2b) and B16 melanoma (H-2b) was
      observed. Likewise, tumor control was seen in an intraperitoneal tumor model.
      These studies show that F1 versus parental sensitization can be used to lyse
      tumor in vitro and in vivo and should be explored as an immunotherapeutic tool.

PMID- 3873634
TI  - Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy of choroidal infiltrates and Dalen
      Fuchs nodules in sympathetic ophthalmia.
AB  - An immunohistological study using monoclonal antibodies directed at specific
      membrane antigens of various inflammatory cells was carried out in order to
      evaluate the identity and topographic localization of the immuno-competent cells
      in an enucleated eye from a 6-year-old black patient with a three-month history
      of sympathetic ophthalmia. Correlative light and transmission electron
      microscopic examination of serial sections was also performed. The data
      demonstrated that the predominant cells within the choroidal infiltrate were T
      lymphocytes (Leu 1+). T-cell subset analysis disclosed that most of these cells
      harbored specific antigenic determinants of the helper phenotype (Leu 3a+). A
      smaller proportion of the T cells demonstrated the specific determinants of the
      suppressor subtype (Leu 2a+). The helper/suppressor ratio varied slightly and
      ranged in most areas of the choroid between 3:1 and 4:1. Additionally,
      approximately 15% of the infiltrating lymphocytes harbored the Leu 14+
      determinant specific for B cells. The latter were located in the outer choroid
      adjacent to the sclera. Very few natural killer (NK) cells (Leu 7+) were
      identified throughout the choroid. The granulomatous foci in the choroid were
      composed mainly of epithelioid cells and histiocytes expressing the OKM1+ and
      M221+ antigenic determinants on their membranes and demonstrating a high
      cytoplasmic nonspecific esterase activity (ANAE+). Within the Dalen-Fuchs
      nodules, similar to the choroidal nodules, there was a predominance of
      histiocytes and epithelioid cells (OKM1+, M221+, ANAE+), a few T-helper cells
      (Leu 1+, Leu3a+) and some OKM1-, M221- cells whose origin could not be
      determined. These findings were corroborated by electron microscopic observations
      of serial sections. Careful light and electron microscopic studies disclosed
      breaks in Bruch's membrane underlying some of Dalen-Fuchs nodules. In our
      opinion, these observations may be interpreted as the demonstration that Dalen
      Fuchs' nodules and the choroidal granulomatous foci could be formed by identical
      cells of similar function and origin.

PMID- 3873635
TI  - HLA-A, B, C, DR, MT, and MB antigens in recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
AB  - In this report we have investigated the frequencies of HLA-A, B, C, DR, MT, and
      MB markers in 26 Sicilian subjects affected by recurrent aphthous stomatitis
      (RAS) and in 84 healthy controls. Our data show that the frequency of HLA-DR7
      antigen is significantly increased in RAS-affected persons (61.5% versus 21.4%;
      pc less than 0.0025), whereas the B5 antigen frequency is decreased significantly
      (absent in patients versus 27.3% in controls; pc = 0.04). Thus, present results
      suggest that HLA-linked genetic factors may play a role in the development of
      RAS.

PMID- 3873636
TI  - [Restoration of respiratory rhythmogenesis by local electrostimulation of the
      brain in apnea induced by anesthetic agents].

PMID- 3873637
TI  - Effects of emotional stress on the immune system.

PMID- 3873638
TI  - Oncologic emergencies II. Hematologic and infectious complications of cancer and
      cancer treatment.
AB  - Proper supportive care of the child with cancer is necessary to maximize the
      child's quality and length of life. This article discusses the pathophysiology,
      diagnosis, and management of the common hematologic and infectious complications
      of childhood cancer that the primary care physician must face.

PMID- 3873639
TI  - Visualization of small sequestra by computerized tomography. Report of 6 cases.
AB  - The diagnosis of osteomyelitis is usually clear by a constellation of clinical,
      radiographic, and/or scintigraphic findings. Computed tomography may be used to
      clarify the nature of a bony process. In addition to the CT findings already
      described, an additional finding is reported, consisting of the visualization of
      a small sequestrum. This finding has to be differentiated from the similar
      appearance in osteoid osteoma, intraosseous lipoma, fibrous dysplasia, and
      osteogenic sarcoma.

PMID- 3873640
TI  - Urine and kidney epidermal growth factor: ontogeny and sex difference in the
      mouse.
AB  - We have explored the physiology of urinary epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the
      mouse by studying its ontogeny, and the effects of testosterone therapy on
      immunoreactive EGF (IR-EGF) concentrations in urine, kidney, serum and
      submandibular gland (SMG). Urine IR-EGF (U-EGF) increased about 100-fold relative
      to urea concentration and about 1000-fold relative to urine volume from the 1st
      day of life to adulthood. Most of this increase occurred between days 6 and 18,
      which is the known period of steep rise in plasma thyroid hormone concentration
      in the mouse. A small F greater than M sex difference was present in the adult.
      This difference was opposite in direction to the large M greater than F sex
      difference in adult SMG-EGF concentration. On day 26 (age of appearance of
      morphological sex difference in SMG) the sex difference was not yet present in
      urine, although in SMG it was even larger than in the adult. Kidney EGF
      concentration was low relative to U-EGF: 1 ml of adult urine contained
      approximately as much IR-EGF as 100 pairs of adult kidneys. In the adult, but not
      on day 26, there was a sex difference in kidney EGF concentration parallel to the
      sex difference in urine: female levels were about 30% higher than male levels.
      Ten days of testosterone treatment of adult female mice evoked an increase in IR
      EGF concentration which was 1.7-fold for serum and 5-fold for SMG. In contrast,
      this treatment did not increase kidney or urine IR-EGF concentrations although
      kidney weight increased 1.3-fold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3873641
TI  - Nephrotic syndrome associated with varicella infection.
AB  - A 4-year-old boy developed nephrotic syndrome following varicella infection.
      Serologic studies during the early phase of the disease demonstrated a decrease
      in serum C3, C4, and properdin factor B. Renal biopsy revealed an acute
      proliferative glomerulonephritis with deposition of immunoglobulins A (IgA) and
      M, C3, C1q, and varicella virus antigen in the glomerulus, suggesting an immune
      complex deposition. Ultrastructurally, this suggested a postinfectious immune
      complex glomerulonephritis. These phenomena suggested that varicella virus
      antigen antibody complexes were deposited in the glomerulus and activated the
      classic and alternative pathway of complements, leading to an immune complex
      glomerulonephritis. During the nephrotic phase, an increase in OKT8 cells and
      decrease of the OKT4 cells were demonstrated. Two months later, this alteration
      returned to normal as the renal disease was in remission. This change of
      lymphocyte subsets during varicella infection may play a role in the pathogenesis
      of nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 3873642
TI  - [Evaluation of populations of peripheral lymphocytes in healthy newborn infants].

PMID- 3873643
TI  - [Lesions of the upper portions of the digestive tract and prevention of
      hemorrhages in portal hypertension].

PMID- 3873644
TI  - Therapy of milk fever and downer cows.

PMID- 3873645
TI  - Epidermal growth factor or serum stimulation of rat fibroblasts induces an
      elevation in mRNA levels for lactate dehydrogenase and other glycolytic enzymes.
AB  - We have isolated cloned cDNAs corresponding to five mRNAs whose level is
      increased following stimulation of quiescent rat fibroblasts by either epidermal
      growth factor or serum. Partial sequencing followed by a computer search of data
      banks has shown that the cloned cDNAs correspond to mRNAs encoding proteins with
      extensive homology to lactate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase, enolase, triose phosphate isomerase, and actin. The complete
      nucleotide sequence of a rat fibroblast lactate dehydrogenase is presented.

PMID- 3873646
TI  - [Planar imaging of emission-computed tomograms of the left ventricular myocardium
      using 201T1 chloride].
AB  - A new method of processing SPECT of 201T1 myocardial images is demonstrated based
      on the idea that 3-dimensional myocardium might be a curved area which can be
      presented in an unfolded form as a single planar image. An example of the
      procedure including parametric pictures is demonstrated.

PMID- 3873647
TI  - [Effect of a single dose of alcohol on the antitrypsin activity of human serum].

PMID- 3873648
TI  - [Characteristics of Haemophilus strains isolated from the respiratory tract of
      children treated at the Child Health Center].

PMID- 3873649
TI  - [In vitro evaluation of natamycin sensitivity of Candida and Torulopsis glabrata
      strains isolated from the genital tract].

PMID- 3873650
TI  - [Value of immunological indicators in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and
      nonspecific lung diseases].

PMID- 3873651
TI  - [Immunological status of nephrotuberculosis patients undergoing combined therapy
      using immunocorrective agents].

PMID- 3873652
TI  - [Centralized control over the accuracy of the diagnosis of newly detected
      tuberculosis patients, over the organization and effectiveness of their treatment
      and over the dispensary observation and treatment of patient contingents in
      tuberculosis institutions].

PMID- 3873653
TI  - [Structure of the dentition in young adults. An epidemiological study in Finnish
      students].

PMID- 3873654
TI  - Analysis of cDNA clones specific for human T cells and the alpha and beta chains
      of the T-cell receptor heterodimer from a human T-cell line.
AB  - We report the isolation and characterization of 19 classes of nonrearranging T
      cell-specific cDNA clones and two cDNA clones encoding the alpha and beta chains
      of the T-cell antigen receptor from a human T-cell line, Jurkat. Results indicate
      that the human alpha-chain gene, like its beta-chain counterpart, undergoes
      somatic rearrangement in T cells. In addition, it shows sequence homology to its
      beta-chain counterpart and immunoglobulin, indicating that the human alpha chain
      is also a member of the immunoglobulin supergene family. Sequence comparison
      suggests that the alpha chain also may be composed of variable (V), diversity
      (D), joining (J), and constant (C) region gene segments. The protein deduced from
      the cDNA sequence has a molecular weight of 29,995 and possesses six potential N
      glycosylation sites. The availability of alpha- and beta-chain genes of the T
      cell receptor from the same T-cell line provides tools to study their possible
      roles in recognition of antigens and major histocompatibility complex products by
      the human T-cell receptor.

PMID- 3873656
TI  - Substituted benzamides as ligands for visualization of dopamine receptor binding
      in the human brain by positron emission tomography.
AB  - Two substituted benzamides, FLB 524 and raclopride, were labeled with 11C and
      examined for their possible use as ligands for positron emission tomography (PET)
      scan studies on dopamine-2 (D-2) receptors in the brains of monkeys and healthy
      human subjects. Both ligands allowed the in vivo visualization of D-2 receptor
      binding in the corpus striatum caudate nucleus/putamen complex in PET-scan
      images. [11C]Raclopride showed a high ratio of specific striatal to nonspecific
      cerebellar binding, and the kinetics of binding of this ligand made it optimal
      for PET studies. The in vivo binding of [11C]raclopride in the striatum of
      cynomolgus monkeys was markedly reduced by displacement with haloperidol. This
      and previous in vitro data indicate that [11C]raclopride binds selectively to
      striatal D-2 dopamine receptors. In healthy human subjects, [11C]raclopride
      binding in the caudate nucleus/putamen was 4- to 5-fold greater than nonspecific
      binding in the cerebellum. In comparison with previously available ligands for
      PET-scan studies on central dopamine receptors in man, [11C]raclopride appears to
      be advantageous with regard to (i) specificity of binding to D-2 receptors, (ii)
      the high ratio between binding in dopamine-rich (caudate, putamen) and dopamine
      poor (cerebellum) human brain regions, and (iii) rapid association and
      reversibility of specific binding. [11C]Raclopride should be a valuable tool for
      characterizing D-2 receptors in the brains of patients with neuropsychiatric
      disorders.

PMID- 3873655
TI  - Polymorphism of normal factor IX detected by mouse monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Hemophilia B is an X-chromosomal recessive disease due to deficiency of
      coagulation factor IX. Three monoclonal antibodies against factor IX were
      prepared and used to develop immunoradiometric assays (IRMAs) of factor IX
      antigen (IX-Ag). IX-Ag was measured in 65 normal individuals with one IRMA based
      on polyclonal anti-IX antibodies and two IRMAs based on three monoclonal anti-IX
      antibodies. One of the monoclonal antibodies differed in specificity since it
      neutralized less than 50% of the clotting activity of factor IX (IX-C), whereas
      the other two monoclonal antibodies neutralized 80-95%. When the former antibody
      was used as the solid phase in IRMA, two groups of normal individuals were
      distinguished: group A with measurable IX-Ag, and group B without demonstrable IX
      Ag. There were no differences between the groups either in IX-C or in IX-Ag
      measured with polyclonal antibodies. A subgroup comprising only women could be
      distinguished in group A, in whom intermediate IX-Ag concentrations were found.
      Family studies showed the group B variant of normal factor IX to be transmitted
      according to the pattern of X-linked recessive inheritance. The allelic frequency
      of group A was 0.66, and that of group B was 0.34.

PMID- 3873658
TI  - Correlation between production of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) and adipose
      conversion in a murine marrow-derived preadipocyte line (H-1/A).
AB  - The correlation between adipose conversion of cloned H-1 cells (H-1/A) and their
      production of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) was examined. The production of
      CSA from H-1/A cells declined after adipose conversion, although H-1/A cells are
      active producers of CSA during their fibrocytic stage. The addition of 2 X 10(-5)
      M 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine to the cultures almost completely inhibited adipose
      conversion and there was no reduction of CSA levels after 9 days of culture. On
      the other hand, the addition of 10(-6) M hydrocortisone sodium succinate to the
      culture markedly enhanced adipose conversion, and a greater reduction in the CSA
      level was observed in the supernatants than in the control cultures after 12 days
      of culture. Indomethacin had no effect on the production of CSA or on adipose
      conversion. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the CSA
      levels of nondialyzed supernatants and dialyzed supernatants from the control
      cultures during the entire course of the experiment. Supernatants during the
      adipocyte stage of H-1/A cultures did not inhibit the CSA derived from the
      fibrocytic stage. There were no differences in colonies in agar cultures
      stimulated by supernatants derived from cultures that had undergone either of the
      above treatments. These results suggest that the reduction of CSA is not due to
      the production of inhibitors, but that the production of CSA declines after
      adipose conversion of H-1/A cells. Preadipocytes in bone marrow therefore appear
      to contribute to granulopoiesis during the fibrocytic stage and are
      hematopoietically inactive when they convert to adipocytes.

PMID- 3873657
TI  - Regulation of c-myc mRNA levels in normal human lymphocytes by modulators of cell
      proliferation.
AB  - Increased expression of the cellular oncogene c-myc has recently been
      demonstrated in some types of proliferating non-neoplastic cells, including
      lectin mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes, suggesting a role for this protooncogene
      in the regulation of growth of normal cells. Here we report the effects of
      several modulators of lymphocyte proliferation on the steady-state levels of c
      myc mRNA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Stimulating PBMC
      with lectin mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA), phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate
      13-acetate, calcium ionophore ionomycin, or monoclonal antibody OKT3 (anti
      antigen receptor complex) produced marked increases in c-myc mRNA levels within 3
      hr. Recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2; Cetus) had little effect on c-myc
      expression but, in combination with PHA, it augmented levels of c-myc transcripts
      measured at 24 hr but not at 3 hr. Adding various inhibitors of lymphocyte
      proliferation to PHA-stimulated cultures revealed that cyclosporin A,
      dexamethasone, and OKT11A antibody (anti-sheep erythrocyte receptor) diminished
      levels of c-myc mRNA measured at 3 hr and 24 hr, whereas anti-Tac (anti-IL-2
      receptor) inhibited at 24 hr but not at 3 hr. Thus, cyclosporin A, dexamethasone,
      and OKT11A interfere with early events of T-cell activation, whereas anti-Tac
      acts later. Hydroxyurea and 42/6 antibody (anti-transferrin receptor), which
      impair the G1----S transition in cycling cells, failed to inhibit c-myc
      expression and instead delayed the decrease in c-myc mRNA levels that normally
      occurs with the onset of DNA synthesis. These data indicate that c-myc is
      regulated (in normal lymphocytes) at several points in the cell cycle.

PMID- 3873659
TI  - Interaction of arginine vasopressin and corticotropin releasing factor
      demonstrated with an improved bioassay.
AB  - We developed an improved in vivo bioassay for corticotropin releasing factor
      (CRF) by modifying the injection schedule in the standard chlorpromazine-morphine
      pentobarbital assay procedure. A combined injection of chlorpromazine and
      morphine followed 75 min later by injection of pentobarbital produced low basal
      levels of corticosterone and rendered the animals highly sensitive to synthetic
      CRF but insensitive to the stress of ether or histamine. The lowest dose of CRF
      that significantly elevated plasma corticosterone levels was 0.01 micrograms/kg.
      Using this assay, we studied CRF-arginine vasopressin (AVP) interactions at doses
      that were expected to raise systemic peptide concentrations to levels measured in
      hypophysial portal blood. The threshold for a significant corticosterone response
      was found to be at least 250-fold lower for CRF-41 than for AVP. The order in
      which CRF and AVP are injected was also found to be important, potentiation being
      greater if CRF was given first. In addition, rats deprived of water for 24 hr
      were more sensitive to CRF than normally hydrated animals.

PMID- 3873660
TI  - Dead time correction and counting statistics for positron tomography.
AB  - A correction for loss of events due to dead time in dynamic positron emission
      tomography (PET) is presented. The model employs a paralysing dead time to
      describe the behaviour of a tomograph over the range of event rates normally
      encountered in patient studies (up to 200 000 events/s per detector layer). The
      Donner 280-crystal positron tomograph has a dead time of 1.8 microseconds/event
      for observed count rates less than 200 000 events/s. The dead time correction
      factor is 1.8 at 180 000 events/s. The correction is applied to projection data
      and region of interest analysis of dynamic PET studies, and formulae for the
      covariances between corrected projection data and between counts in regions of
      interest in different images from the same dynamic study are established. At 180
      000 events/s, the variance of the actual (corrected) number of events in a region
      containing 3.34 X 10(5) actual events is predicted from the model to be 3.86 X
      10(6) (events)2, more than 10 times the variance that would be expected from a
      naive assumption of Poisson statistics. These statistical results are verified
      experimentally. An error of 25% is observed in myocardial flow if dead time
      compensation is not applied, showing the necessity for this correction.

PMID- 3873661
TI  - High voltage stimulation. Effects of electrode size on basic excitatory
      responses.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of electrode size on
      thresholds of sensory and motor excitation, strongest motor excitation without
      pain perception, and strongest motor excitation coupled with maximally tolerated
      painful stimulation. A high voltage stimulator with monophasic pulsatile current
      was applied to the quadriceps femoris muscles of 14 healthy subjects. Voltage
      output, pulse-charge density, and isometric muscle torque were measured during
      random application of four electrode pairs measuring 3 X 3, 6 X 6, 9 X 9, and 5 X
      16.2 cm. Results indicated a dependence of the measured variables on electrode
      size; the larger electrodes required greater voltage output but less pulse-charge
      density than the smaller electrodes. The two largest electrodes evoked
      significantly greater non-painful and maximally tolerated painful muscle torques.
      Maximal volitional contraction increased 13.3% after completion of all
      stimulations. Electrode size should be considered by physical therapists when
      administering transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.

PMID- 3873662
TI  - Absorbance and circular dichroism spectra of 7-cis photoproduct formed by
      irradiating frog rhodopsin.

PMID- 3873663
TI  - Accidental deaths as disguised suicides.

PMID- 3873664
TI  - Computed tomography in nuclear medicine.
AB  - Utilizing mathematical techniques and computer processing similar to those
      employed in x-ray transmission computed tomography and magnetic resonance
      imaging, cross-sectional images of radiopharmaceutical distribution are
      demonstrating encouraging maps of organ physiology and pathophysiology. The basic
      concepts of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and some of its
      clinical implications, are presented to demonstrate the potential applications of
      this new modality.

PMID- 3873665
TI  - [Giganto-follicular lymphadenitis or Castleman's disease. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3873667
TI  - Effect of Ca2+ on the ciliary beat frequency of skinned dog tracheal epithelium.
AB  - Beat frequency of dog tracheal ciliated epithelium was measured using a profile
      projector and a photomultiplier. The preparation, treated with 50 micrograms/ml
      of saponin for 15 min, lost osmotic behavior and the ciliary beat came to depend
      on externally applied MgATP2- indicating that ciliated epithelium is skinned with
      saponin. Beat frequency of skinned cilia did not increase with Ca2+ in 0.1 mM
      MgATP2- with no ATP-regenerating system. Under 4 mM Mg ATP2- the beat frequency
      increased with an increase in Ca2+ from 0.3 to 10 microM, although a marked beat
      continued in the virtual absence of Ca2+ sensitivity and maximum beat frequency
      increased with the addition of 2.4 microM calmodulin. The effect of calmodulin
      inhibitor (W-7) on skinned preparations was somewhat weaker than that on intact
      ones. We concluded that Ca2+, within the physiological range of concentrations,
      directly activated the ciliary proteins and increased the ciliary beat frequency.
      The addition of calmodulin augments the effect of Ca2+ but the basal beat
      frequency is not Ca2+ dependent.

PMID- 3873668
TI  - [Current neurosurgical treatment of facial neuralgia].

PMID- 3873666
TI  - [Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Surgical
      treatment of 2 cases in childhood].

PMID- 3873669
TI  - [Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and the HLA allele. Prevalence of age-related
      DR7].
AB  - High prevalence of HLA DR7 was well documented in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
      (INS) of childhood. Our data in 43 INS, child and adult patients, did not show
      any significant difference from control group, specially for HLA DR7. Moreover a
      significant difference occurred when the data was compared in child and adult INS
      patients. HLA DR7 was more frequent when the nephrotic syndrome appeared before
      15 years old. There was no correlation between the presence of HLA DR7 and those
      of allergy history or increased serum IgE level, on the opposite with previous
      data. The presence of DR7 would favor its onset at an earlier age. Alternatively,
      the difference in DR7 prevalence could be an additional argument for considering
      that the corticosensitivity and negative histological criteria might collect,
      under the same name, different glomerulopathies.

PMID- 3873670
TI  - [Antibacterial activity of ceftriaxone].
AB  - In this study the author reports the main in vitro characteristics of
      ceftriaxone, a new aminothiazolyl methoxy-iminocephalosporin. The relationship
      between its structure and the antibacterial activity compared with cefotaxime
      reveals an expected longer antibacterial efficacy due to a long elimination half
      life (8 h). It has been shown that ceftriaxone is highly stable against most
      either plasmid or chromosome-mediated beta-lactamases. Several studies
      demonstrated that the spectrum of ceftriaxone included Gram-positive cocci as
      well as most Gram-negative bacilli even beta-lactamase producers; a variable in
      vitro activity against Gram-negative aerobic bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.,
      Acinetobacter sp.) has been proved, with a frequent synergistic bactericidal
      activity when combined with aminoglycosides, or with other beta-lactam
      antibiotics (carbenicillin, piperacillin). Multiple PBPs targets have been
      identified, including PBP1b, 2 and 3, leading to filamentation of E. coli, Ps.
      aeruginosa and Haemophilus cells. As a result, ceftriaxone displays a high
      intrinsic in vitro activity against troublesome strains and might be considered
      as a promising new cephalosporin for treatment of severe infections.

PMID- 3873671
TI  - The prothymocyte revisited.

PMID- 3873672
TI  - Immunological consequences of asbestos exposure.

PMID- 3873673
TI  - [Lymphoid composition: identification and characterization of t-lymphocyte sub
      populations].

PMID- 3873674
TI  - [Thymus epithelium: structure, histophysiology and evolution].

PMID- 3873675
TI  - [The microenvironment: identification and role of non-lymphoid cells of the
      thymus].

PMID- 3873676
TI  - [Macrophage function of the thymus during karyoklastic shock].

PMID- 3873677
TI  - [Broncho-alveolar lavage: a tool for diagnosis or for research?].

PMID- 3873678
TI  - [Reactive arthritis].

PMID- 3873679
TI  - [New findings in the diagnosis and therapy of necrotizing otitis externa (otitis
      maligna)].

PMID- 3873680
TI  - Chronic and acute trypanosomiasis in mice: a study by in vitro cloning of
      lymphohaematopoietic progenitors.
AB  - A semi-solid culture system was used to study the effects of trypanosome
      infection in two species of mice on the propagation of progenitor cells from the
      bone marrow and spleen. The deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) survived
      infection with Trypanosoma (T.) equiperdum for more than 15 days. During the
      first 10 days there was inhibition of development of granulocyte-monocyte
      colonies from progenitor cells in the bone marrow. B-lymphocyte progenitors in
      the spleen showed increased activity, producing colonies 140-300% above normal
      control groups during the same period. - Conversely, all Balb/c mice infected
      with the trypanosomes died within 10 days with fulminating parasitemia and
      massive spleen enlargement. There was a general activation of progenitor cells; B
      lymphocytes from the spleen and bone marrow and granulocyte-monocyte colonies
      from bone marrow, although this was not sustained more than 4 days after
      infection. - In chronically infected deer mice the pattern of response of the
      bone marrow and spleen progenitor cells was significantly different over
      successive weekly intervals. Periodicity of response in these organs was
      displayed by recurring waves of activation and depression of the progenitor
      cells. - Thus, there were significant differences in response patterns of deer
      mice and Balb/c mice to T. equiperdum infection which could be established by the
      behavior of host lymphohaematopoietic progenitor cells in culture. We therefore
      suggest that such in vitro cultures may be useful in assessment of the immune
      response to trypanosomiasis by the host and also for the study of the pathology
      of both chronic and acute trypanosomiasis.

PMID- 3873681
TI  - [Vertebral hyperostosis and hyperostosis frontalis interna].
AB  - Routine roentgenographic examination of the spine was performed in 690 patients
      with rheumatologic disorders. Ankylosing hyperostosis was discovered in 124
      patients (18 percent). Roentgenograms of the skull revealed hyperostosis
      frontalis interna in 63 percent of cases, especially in female patients. No
      common pathogenic mechanism, however, has been discovered in these two disorders.

PMID- 3873682
TI  - Dual-photon absorptiometry of mandibles: in vitro test of a new method.
AB  - A new method for non-invasive in vivo measurement of changes in bone mineral
      content (BMC) of mandibles, comprising two-dimensional dual-photon absorptiometry
      (GT45), has been developed and tested in vitro on mandibular specimens. The
      analysis showed that: 1) in vitro precision and accuracy of the methods are high,
      2) effect of fat and soft tissue on photon attenuation is slight when scanning
      jaws and forearm bones, 3) BMC in units (U/cm2) in standard area, comprising
      mandibular base and body in left molar region, is representative for BMC in total
      mandibular base and body, 4) cortical bone constitutes the main part of measured
      BMC in mandibles, and 5) BMC of molar region is highly correlated to cortical
      bone mass in mm3/mm2 subperiosteal surface of standard locality anterior to and
      below mental foramen, measured by histomorphometry. GT45 seems suitable for in
      vivo estimation of BMC changes in edentulous jaws and in mandibular base and body
      of dentate mandibles in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. The radiation
      dose is negligible.

PMID- 3873683
TI  - Deficiency of fibrinogen and factor VII following treatment of severe aplastic
      anaemia with anti-thymocyte globulin and high-dose methylprednisolone.
AB  - In 4 patients with SAA treated with ATG and high-dose MP, an as yet unrecognized
      acquired deficiency of fibrinogen and factor VII was observed. The plasma level
      of fibrinogen fell to 39% (34-51%) and of factor VII:C to 50% (31-55%) of the
      pretreatment value. The nadirs were between days 10 and 35 (fibrinogen) and d 3
      and 11 (factor VII) after the 1st dose of ATG/MP. From additional clotting
      studies it is concluded that disseminated intravascular coagulation,
      fibrinolysis, liver cell damage and synthesis of abnormal clotting factors are
      unlikely causes of these clotting abnormalities. The most probable explanation
      seems to be a selective inhibition of the synthesis of fibrinogen and factor VII
      by an as yet unknown mechanism. These clotting abnormalities might, to some
      extent, increase the bleeding tendency in these patients, which up to now had
      been solely attributed to thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 3873684
TI  - Virus-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in vitro. Mechanisms of induction and
      effector cell characterization.
AB  - When human peripheral blood lymphocytes were incubated with 51Cr-labelled tissue
      culture cells (T24 bladder carcinoma cells or Chang liver cells), their natural
      cytotoxicity (NK) usually stopped after 8 h of incubation. The 51Cr release
      induced by lymphocytes treated with small amounts of live or ultraviolet
      inactivated mumps virus was strongly enhanced and lasted longer. When the
      lymphocytes were fractionated by Percoll gradient centrifugation, the highest NK
      activity was found in the low-density fraction enriched in large granular
      lymphocytes, whereas that of the T-cell-enriched high-density fractions was low.
      In contrast, the virus-dependent cellular cytotoxic (VDCC) activity was more
      evenly distributed between these fractions. However, there was a difference
      between the target cells in that the T24 cells were more susceptible to the
      cytotoxicity of lymphocytes in the high-density fractions than the Chang cells.
      Studies of Percoll fractions in the single-cell agarose assay showed that virus
      treatment increased the proportion of both target binding cells and killer cells
      in all fractions. Moreover, in the high-density fractions the increase in the
      number of killer cells was greater than that in binding cells, suggesting that
      the enhanced target cell killing induced by the virions reflected both increased
      binding and effector cell activation. Surface marker analysis of unfractionated
      lymphocytes indicated that the number of T3+ effector cells was greater than that
      of the HNK-1+ effector cells, regardless of whether the lymphocytes were treated
      with virus or not. However, for both NK and VDCC, the T3 to HNK-1 distribution
      ratio on the effector cells was 5-8:1 for T24 and 2:1 for Chang. Taken together,
      the results indicate that both NK and VDCC effector cells are phenotypically
      heterogeneous and that the target cells may play an active role in the
      recruitment of those effector cells that are most efficient in that system. The
      enhancement of lymphocyte cytotoxicity primarily reflects effector cell
      recruitment.

PMID- 3873685
TI  - Lymphocyte transformation tests and subpopulations of lymphocytes in a population
      based material of atopic dermatitis in twins.
AB  - Lymphocyte function and lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood have
      been studied in a population-based material of 47 twins with atopic dermatitis
      (AD) (31 with a history of AD, 10 with mild AD, and 6 with moderate AD) and in 47
      age- and sex-matched non-atopic control twins. Lymphocyte transformations to
      phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen, and purified
      protein derivative of tuberculin were investigated. Lymphocyte subpopulations
      were characterized by EAET rosettes and the monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT4, and
      OKT8. None of these in vitro tests showed any statistically significant
      differences between patients and controls. In the rather few individuals with
      moderate AD there was a statistically insignificant tendency to a decreased Con A
      stimulation in suboptimal concentration and a reduction of the OKT8+ cells.
      However, there were definitely no alterations in the immunological variables
      between patients with a history of AD and controls. Our results indicate that the
      investigated variables could be related to disease activity. We suggest that they
      represent epiphenomena rather than pathogenetic mechanisms of importance for the
      development of AD.

PMID- 3873686
TI  - Effect of UVB on alloactivating and antigen-presenting capacity of human
      epidermal Langerhans cells.
AB  - Human epidermal cell suspensions (EC) were obtained by the suction blister
      technique and enzyme digestion. EC were irradiated in microtitre plates with
      doses up to 510 mJ/cm2 (2.6 minimal erythemal dose (MED] by means of fluorescent
      light bulbs emitting a 280-320 nm continuous spectrum with a peak at 310 nm.
      Purified allogeneic T cells were added to the EC immediately or 24 h after
      radiation. Irradiated EC were pulsed with purified protein derivative (PPD) for
      90 min immediately or 24 h after radiation and then cocultured with purified
      autologous T cells. PPD-pulsed EC were also irradiated before being cocultured
      with autologous T cells. Pretreatment of EC suspensions with anti-DR antiserum
      plus complement abolished both the alloactivating and the antigen-presenting
      capacity, indicating that the DR-positive Langerhans cells are mainly responsible
      for these functions. There were no differences in the number of DR-positive cells
      in EC before or immediately after radiation. A statistically significant and UV
      dose-dependent reduction of the alloactivating ability of EC was found both when
      allogeneic T cells were added immediately and when they were added 24 h after
      radiation. Likewise, a significant and dose-dependent reduction of the PPD
      specific T-cell response was obtained in cultures when using irradiated EC that
      were PPD-pulsed immediately or 24 h after radiation. EC that were first PPD
      pulsed and then irradiated induced a significantly increased T-cell response
      after low UV doses (1 or 2 MED), whereas higher doses induced a significant
      reduction of the T-cell responses.

PMID- 3873687
TI  - Langerhans cells and extra-epidermal dendritic cells. An investigation in
      laboratory animals and man with immunomorphological methods.
AB  - S-100 protein was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of dendritic cells (DCs) in
      normal and pathologic lymphoid tissues and epidermis in man and several other
      species. The presence of S-100 protein served to distinguish these cells from
      other mononuclear cells, most importantly from those of macrophage/histiocyte
      lineage. Fractionation procedures to isolate and enrich suspensions of DCs were
      coupled with immunocytochemical techniques to identify S-100-positive cells.
      Langerhans cells in the epidermis and in aural cholesteatomata and nodal,
      splenic, and thymic interdigitating cells were S-100-positive. Lymph node and
      splenic follicular dendritic cells (except in rats) were negative, indicating
      that this DC may be a separate cell type.

PMID- 3873688
TI  - Dendritic cells and monocytes as accessory cells in T-cell responses in man. II.
      Function as antigen-presenting cells.
AB  - The main antigen-presenting cells (APC) of human blood are reported to be the
      dendritic cells (DC), whereas monocytes (Mo) are only weakly or not at all
      capable of inducing T-cell immune responses to the soluble antigen purified
      protein derivative (PPD). In contrast, we found Mo to have a suppressive effect
      on the APC function of DC in vitro. Removal of Mo by adherence resulted in an
      increased APC activity, even though Mo produce more interleukin 1 (Il-1) than DC.
      Furthermore, addition of the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor indomethacin gave
      rise to increased Il-1 production, HLA-class II expression, and a stronger
      antigen-specific T-cell response to PPD. Taken together, our studies indicate
      that the superior accessory cell function of DC compared with Mo in in vitro
      cultures may, at least partly, be attributed to the prostaglandin E2 production
      by Mo and more stable expression of HLA-class II molecules on DC.

PMID- 3873689
TI  - Antinuclear antibodies in the immunotaxonomy of connective tissue diseases.

PMID- 3873690
TI  - Immune complex clearance and anti-ENA in patients with SLE.

PMID- 3873691
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis and chronic bronchial suppuration.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with rheumatoid arthritis and severe chronic bronchial
      suppuration are described. In 11 patients the respiratory symptoms appeared after
      the onset of arthritis at an unusually late age. We discuss causes for the
      disease association, in particular the possibility that disease modifying drugs
      in rheumatoid arthritis may predispose to the development of chronic bronchial
      suppuration; such a possibility requires prospective investigation.

PMID- 3873692
TI  - Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis and HLA B27 homozygosity.
AB  - Ten consecutive patients with juvenile ankylosing spondylitis were investigated
      in a prospective study. At least one of the parents of each patient had a
      positive history of probable or definite ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's
      syndrome, or acute anterior uveitis. The patients and their parents were examined
      clinically and were HLA-typed. Nine of the 10 patients exhibited the genetic
      marker HLA B27, but only one patient was homozygous for HLA B27. This prevalence
      of homozygosity among HLA B27 positive persons could be expected to occur by
      chance alone. Based on the limited material studied, we cautiously conclude that
      HLA B27 homozygosity is probably not responsible for disease onset in childhood.

PMID- 3873693
TI  - Immunoglobulins, anti-IgG antibodies and antinuclear antibodies in paired serum
      and synovial fluid samples. A comparison between juvenile and adult rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - Paired samples of serum and synovial fluid (SF) from 13 patients with juvenile
      rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and 10 patients with adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
      were examined regarding the level of immunoglobulins and the occurrence and
      titres of anti-IgG antibodies and antinuclear antibodies (ANA). The levels of
      immunoglobulins were lower in SF than in serum. In JRA the SF/serum ratio of IgG
      was equal to that of albumin, pointing to a local production of IgG. The SF/serum
      ratio of IgM was equal to that of alpha 2-macroglobulin. In JRA the SF/serum
      ratios of immunoglobulins tended to be lower than in RA, the difference being
      significant for IgM. IgD autoantibodies and IgA anti-IgG were not found in JRA.
      IgE autoantibodies occurred in some cases, but in RA in more than 60%. In JRA the
      SF titres of anti-IgG and ANA were most often lower than the serum titres. In RA
      the SF titres were often higher than the serum titres. In 9 of 10 paired SF
      samples from patients with RA the SF/serum ratios were mutually different with
      regard to one or several immunoglobulins. Evidence of synovial production of anti
      IgG antibodies of classes other than IgG distinguished RA from JRA. Otherwise the
      differences were quantitative.

PMID- 3873694
TI  - IgG-anti-IgG antibodies in juvenile chronic arthritis.
AB  - IgG antiglobulins were measured in 117 children with seronegative juvenile
      chronic arthritis (JCA). 100 had active disease, and these had significantly
      higher levels of IgG antiglobulins (mean 0.45 +/- 0.16 micrograms/ml) than the
      control group (mean 0.25 +/- 0.16 micrograms/ml (p less than 0.01]. The inactive
      group of patients had a mean of 0.14 +/- 0.06 micrograms/ml, comparable to a
      group of cord bloods from normal births (mean 0.14 +/- 0.05 micrograms/ml). In
      the active patients there was no difference when subdivision was made according
      to their mode of onset into pauciarticular, polyarticular, or systemic.

PMID- 3873695
TI  - The prevalence of HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR3 in healthy persons with rheumatoid factor.
AB  - The frequency of the HLA antigen DR4 has been determined in healthy individuals
      with serum IgM RF. HLA DR4 was found in 11.6% of these persons as compared with
      27% in healthy controls. Thus, no association between IgM RF and HLA-DR4 could be
      found in this material of healthy individuals. HLA-DR3 was found in 35% of
      healthy RF-positive persons, which was no different from the 30% prevalence among
      healthy controls. HLA-DR3 did not seem to be associated with high immune
      responsiveness of RF in RF-positive individuals.

PMID- 3873696
TI  - Human fibroblasts as a substrate for titration of ANA.

PMID- 3873697
TI  - Rheumatic diseases in an Icelandic family. Clinical and immunological survey.
AB  - We have studied 192 members of a highly inbred Icelandic family with clustering
      of rheumatic diseases. Twelve consanguineous marriages are known in the family
      and 54 of 65 surviving offsprings of these (inbred group) were traced. Thirty
      nine family members were affected by rheumatic diseases; 18 of them belonged to
      the inbred group. Eleven of 20 family members with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) came
      from the same inbred group. Eleven of the inbred group had a positive Rose-Waaler
      test for rheumatoid factor (RF) and the inbred group had significantly higher
      serum levels of IgG and IgM than an age and sex matched group from the family.
      Serum IgM RF was significantly associated with the age of the family members, but
      IgA RF and IgG RF did not show any such association. The possible role of
      recessive genes in the rheumatic diseases, as well as the inbreeding effect
      regarding certain extended HLA-complotypes is discussed.

PMID- 3873698
TI  - Radiographic evaluation of patients with Bechterew's syndrome (ankylosing
      spondylitis) and their first-degree relatives. Findings in the spine and sacro
      iliac joints and relations to non-radiographic findings.
AB  - One hundred and twenty-two hospitalized patients, 35 years or more of age with
      confirmed bilateral sacro-iliitis and 239 first-degree relatives, 25 years or
      more of age, were examined. All but 3 of the patients had confirmed ankylosing
      spondylitis (AS) in accordance with established criteria. The sacro-iliac joints
      were scored by a recently developed grading system. The prevalence of grade V
      sacro-iliits--extensive ankylosis--was greater in HLA B27-positive than in HLA
      B27-negative patients, and ankylosis of apophyseal joints, ossification of the
      interspinous ligament, or block vertebrae were not seen in HLA B27-negative
      patients. Shining corners and/or squared vertebrae were the most frequent
      findings of the dorsolumbar spine in patients with a disease course of less than
      10 years. Mixed osteophytes were rare in patients below 40 years of age. All
      radiographic inflammatory changes scored in the spine-except for shining corners-
      were most often seen in patients with a disease history exceeding 20 years.
      Syndesmophytes and/or ankylosed apophyseal joints were less extensive in female
      than in male patients. No differences in the severity of radiographic changes in
      sacro-iliac joints or in frequency, severity or localization of different
      radiographic changes of the dorsolumbar spine were observed between HLA B27
      positive patients with and those without psoriasis or acute anterior uveitis.
      Definite sacro-iliitis was restricted to HLA B27-positive relatives of HLA B27
      positive probands and demonstrated in one-fifth of them. Shining corners and/or
      squared vertebrae were frequent findings in relatives with sacro-iliitis (45%),
      whereas apophyseal joint ankylosis, ossification of the interspinous ligament,
      block vertebrae and bridging syndesmophytes were not seen. Our results support
      the view that AS is not a defined disease entity and should be regarded as a
      syndrome. AS is an improper name for all patients fulfilling the Rome and/or New
      York criteria for definite AS, since many of them will probably never develop
      ankylosis of the spine or sacro-iliac joints.

PMID- 3873699
TI  - Clinical symptoms and HLA antigens in a family with Reiter's disease.
AB  - A clinical and immunogenetic study was performed on a three-generation family
      with Reiter's disease (RD). Twelve of 56 members of the family (33 clinically
      examined) including one in-law, had symptoms of arthritis, urethritis,
      conjunctivitis, uveitis, and/or mucocutaneous manifestations, but only one had
      the complete triad of Reiter's syndrome (RS). Radiographic sacro-iliitis was
      found in 7 individuals, and monoarticular onset was reported in 5 out of 7 with
      peripheral arthritis. HLA B27 was found in 26 of the 37 family members who were
      tissue typed (including one in-law). All individuals with RD were B27-positive.
      Seven different B27 phenotypes were identified. This finding suggests that RD is
      associated with the B27 antigen itself, and not to a gene closely linked to B27.
      From a pedigree analysis of this family an autosomal dominant inheritance with
      incomplete penetrance or multifactorial inheritance seemed the most probable
      alternatives. The family history is a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of RD.

PMID- 3873700
TI  - Osteitis condensans ilii or sacro-iliitis?
AB  - Eight patients with a radiological diagnosis of Osteitis condensans ilii (OCI)
      had clinical features similar to those of 8 patients with sacro-iliitis (SI). The
      X-ray appearances may be very difficult to differentiate on standard films and
      discrimination between the two conditions has to be made from a combination of
      clinical and radiological findings. The term OCI should be regarded with
      suspicion when applied to young people with a history of backache.

PMID- 3873701
TI  - HLA antigen frequencies in juvenile chronic arthritis.
AB  - HLA-A, B, C, D, and DR typing was performed in 104 patients with Juvenile Chronic
      Arthritis (JCA). The majority of these (88 patients) participated in a follow-up
      study of a series of consecutive patients including patients in remission. The
      study confirmed that JCA is positively associated with B27, Dw8, and possibly
      Dw5, and negatively associated with Dw2 and Dw7. In JCA patients in remission,
      the frequency of Dw4 was significantly decreased to 5.0%, compared with 25.0% in
      healthy Danes and 23.7% in JCA patients with active disease. In pauciarticular
      onset JCA, the frequency of Dw4 was significantly decreased to 8.1% compared with
      25.0% both in controls and in polyarticular onset JCA. These data indicate that
      Dw4 may be a risk factor of chronicity and multiple joint involvement in JCA.
      Chronic iritis was present in 18.2% of Dw8-positive patients, compared with 7.0%
      in Dw8-negative patients, and the frequency of Dw8 was 50.0% in JCA patients with
      chronic iritis. Thus, Dw8 may be a risk factor of chronic iritis in JCA.
      Genetically, three distinct subgroups seem to exist: (i) a B27-associated group;
      (ii) a D/DR5- and D/DRw8-associated group, and (iii) a D/DR4-associated group.

PMID- 3873702
TI  - [2 strains of pneumococci with reduced penicillin sensitivity in Switzerland].
AB  - There are numerous reports on resistance or decreased susceptibility of
      pneumococci to penicillin. Recently, two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were
      isolated for the first time in Zurich with minimal inhibitory concentrations of
      0.25 and 1.0 mg penicillin G per liter, respectively. One strain was also
      resistant to chloramphenicol and tetracycline; both isolates were resistant to
      sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. In view of this emergent resistance, routine
      susceptibility testing of clinically significant pneumococci is to be
      recommended. However, in the agar diffusion test the use of a penicillin disk may
      produce false-susceptible results, and therefore the susceptibility test should
      be performed with a disk containing oxacillin.

PMID- 3873703
TI  - [Sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. Indications and results].
AB  - Injection sclerotherapy of esophageal varices is now firmly established. The
      indication and results are exemplified by the experience gained during the last 5
      1/2 years at our institution. The early mortality rate within 30 days was 20% for
      patients needing emergency sclerotherapy during acute bleeding, and 4.4% for all
      other patients. The cumulative two-year survival rate of all patients was 54%.
      Further hemorrhage occurred in 4.8% per patient-month, mostly within the first
      year. Every acute esophageal hemorrhage should be treated with injection
      sclerotherapy. Repetition of this procedure reduces the risk of rebleeding. The
      indication for prophylactic sclerotherapy prior to first bleeding is not yet
      clearly defined. However, patients with increased risk of bleeding should have
      the benefit of injection sclerotherapy.

PMID- 3873704
TI  - Cassette of eight exons shared by genes for LDL receptor and EGF precursor.
AB  - The amino acid sequences of the human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and
      the human precursor for epidermal growth factor (EGF) show 33 percent identity
      over a stretch of 400 residues. This region of homologous is encoded by eight
      contiguous exons in each respective gene. Of the nine introns that separate these
      exons, five are located in identical positions in the two protein sequences. This
      finding suggests that the homologous region may have resulted from a duplication
      of an ancestral gene and that the two genes evolved further by recruitment of
      exons from other genes, which provided the specific functional domains of the LDL
      receptor and the EGF precursor.

PMID- 3873705
TI  - Serologic identification and characterization of a macaque T-lymphotropic
      retrovirus closely related to HTLV-III.
AB  - Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) is thought to play an etiologic
      role in the development of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In
      this study the serologic characterization of a new simian retrovirus that is
      related to HTLV-III is described. This new virus, here referred to as STLV-III,
      was isolated from sick macaques at the New England Regional Primate Research
      Center. Radioimmunoprecipitation analysis revealed STLV-III-specific proteins of
      160, 120, 55, and 24 kilodaltons, all similar in size to the major gag and env
      proteins of HTLV-III. These antigens were recognized by representative macaque
      serum samples and human reference serum samples positive for HTLV-III antibodies.
      Monoclonal antibodies directed to p24, the major core protein of HTLV-III, also
      immunoprecipitated a 24-kilodalton species in lysates of cells infected with the
      macaque virus. This HTLV-III-related virus, which naturally infects a nonhuman
      primate species, may provide a useful model for the study of HTLV-III and the
      pathogenesis of AIDS.

PMID- 3873706
TI  - Positron emission tomography in oncology--the Massachusetts General Hospital
      experience.
AB  - Positron tomography has been used to measure blood flow, oxygen utilization, and
      glucose metabolism in soft-tissue tumors in rabbits and in human tumors in
      extremities. Both blood flow and oxygen utilization were increased in tumor in
      contrast to normal muscle tissue. Oxygen extraction fraction was, however,
      decreased in tumor. The most sensitive indicator of tumor growth was the glucose
      metabolic rate. The effect of irradiation was observed by blood flow measurements
      in human tumors and by blood flow and oxygen utilization in tumors in rabbits.
      Blood flow increased both in tumor and normal muscle tissue during irradiation
      and decreased afterwards. Oxygen utilization decreased in tumor and increased in
      normal tissue during irradiation.

PMID- 3873707
TI  - Future directions in human immunobiology.

PMID- 3873708
TI  - Beta-lactamase-positive strains of Haemophilus influenzae: susceptibility to and
      inactivation of beta-lactam antibiotics.
AB  - Susceptibility and time-kill studies were done with low and high inocula of both
      beta-lactamase-positive and -negative strains of Haemophilus influenzae with
      cefamandole, ampicillin, cefoperazone, mezlocillin, moxalactam, and ceftriaxone.
      Bioassay was done to test for antibiotic inactivation by beta-lactamase-positive
      strains. All six antibiotics were highly active against the low inoculum (10(4)
      to 10(5) colony-forming units/ml) of beta-lactamase-negative strains;
      ceftriaxone, moxalactam, and cefoperazone were equally active against the same
      inoculum concentration of beta-lactamase-positive strains. In contrast,
      cefamandole, mezlocillin, and ampicillin were less active against the low
      inoculum of beta-lactamase-positive H influenzae. A marked inoculum effect
      occurred with the high inoculum (10(7) to 10(8) CFU/ml) with all six antibiotics,
      regardless of beta-lactamase production. In time-kill studies, marked differences
      in bacterial killing resulted after low and high inocula. Ampicillin,
      cefamandole, cefoperazone, and mezlocillin were rapidly inactivated by the high
      inoculum of beta-lactamase-positive H influenzae.

PMID- 3873709
TI  - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, pseudomembranous colitis, and spinal cord injury.
AB  - Antibiotic-associated colitis (pseudomembranous colitis) developed in four
      patients with spinal cord injury and taking oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
      One hundred forty-eight (59%) of 251 patients with spinal cord injury who were
      evaluated had received this drug. Two of the four patients with pseudomembranous
      colitis did not promptly respond to therapy, and all four suffered significant
      further immobilization because of the disease. Pseudomembranous colitis readily
      occurs in at least certain population groups receiving trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole.

PMID- 3873710
TI  - Haemophilus influenzae endocarditis.
AB  - Haemophilus influenzae endocarditis on a prosthetic valve has previously been
      reported only once. Routine physical and laboratory evaluation does not
      distinguish endocarditis from this organism from other causes of endocarditis.
      Our patient with prosthetic mitral valve endocarditis was successfully treated
      with antibiotics, but surgery was subsequently required for congestive heart
      failure from valve dehiscence.

PMID- 3873712
TI  - Reported reasons retired workers left their last job: findings from the New
      Beneficiary Survey.
AB  - About a third of all new retired-worker beneficiaries who had stopped work
      reported that the main reason they left their last job was a desire to retire.
      The existence of health problems was the next most frequently given reason, and
      it was reported by about a fourth of the group. These responses were made to
      questions in the 1982 New Beneficiary Survey, conducted by the Social Security
      Administration (SSA) in October-December 1982. Recently retired workers not only
      said they wished to retire, but more of them began receiving benefits at age 62
      than at older ages; by age 65 most were beneficiaries. Forty-five percent of the
      men and almost 54 percent of the women had already left their last job at the
      time they received their first benefit. Married women in particular had not only
      stopped work but frequently had left their last job more than 3 years before they
      received their first benefit check.

PMID- 3873711
TI  - [Studies of the mechanisms of human B-cell activation. II. The role of resting B
      cell abnormalities in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 3873713
TI  - Esophageal transection versus injection sclerotherapy in the management of
      bleeding esophageal varices in patients at high risk.
AB  - In a prospective randomized trial of 76 patients at high risk with bleeding
      esophageal varices, transection of the esophagus with the EEA stapling apparatus
      was compared with injection sclerotherapy in the management of patients with
      Child's class B and C liver status. Thirty-nine patients underwent transection
      and 37 patients, sclerotherapy with a total of 92 injection procedures (2.4 per
      patient). The perioperative mortality (less than 30 days) was 28.9 per cent
      overall; 33.3 per cent for esophageal transection and 24.3 per cent for injection
      sclerotherapy (chi 2 = 0.375, p greater than 0.05). Gross ascites, severe
      encephalopathy and emergency operations were associated with a high mortality in
      the transection group, but other risk factors such as age and hypersplenism did
      not influence the outcome in either group. Only patients in Child's class C died
      after transection, but patients who died in the sclerotherapy group (mainly from
      recurrent bleeding) included patients from both Child's class B and C. Early
      recurrence of nonfatal bleeding affected one of 39 patients (2.5 per cent) after
      transection but was evident in 18 of 37 patients (48.6 per cent) after
      sclerotherapy (chi 2 = 19.12, p greater than 0.0005) and six patients died.
      Hemorrhage did not recur after transection during a follow-up period of two
      years, but a further 22 episodes of bleeding were recorded in 13 patients
      receiving sclerotherapy with five deaths. Postoperative complications and long
      term morbidity were similar in the two groups. Including readmissions for
      bleeding and repeat procedures, the mean hospital stay per patient was shorter
      for transection (14.5 versus 19.1 days) and the requirements for blood were less
      (1.9 units per patient versus 3.6 units per patient) than for sclerotherapy. It
      is concluded that esophageal transection effectively protects against short term
      recurrence of bleeding. Preoperative control of gross ascites will further reduce
      the mortality and comatose patients should be excluded from operation.
      Sclerotherapy provides little if any protection against recurrent bleeding and
      its use in the management of variceal hemorrhage in patients with advanced liver
      disease remains questionable. It is recommended as a temporary measure in
      patients at high risk until such time that more effective surgical treatment can
      be performed.

PMID- 3873714
TI  - Treatment of bleeding esophageal varices by portoazygos disconnection and
      esophageal transection with the button of Boerema and EEA stapler: ten years'
      experience.
AB  - We present 64 patients with bleeding esophageal varices who have been treated
      with portoazygos disconnection, devascularization of the esophagogastric
      junction, and esophageal transection with the button of Boerema (32 patients) and
      EEA stapler (32 patients). The patients were treated between 1973 and 1983. Their
      ages ranged from 50 to 70 years. Based on Child's classification, 26 (37.5%) of
      the patients fell into class A, 35 (54.6%) in class B, and five (7.8%) in class
      C. These patients were also divided into three subgroups: group I--21 patients
      (32.8%) underwent emergency operations; group II--40 patients (62.5%) underwent
      semiemergency operations; and group III--three patients (4.7%) underwent elective
      operations. The perioperative mortality rate was 10.8%. With the Fischer exact
      test, we found the combined death rate of Child's classes A and B to be
      significantly lower than that for class C patients. The duration of follow-up
      ranged from 6 months to 9 years (average 32.9 months) in the 80% of the patients
      that we were able to follow. There was a 6.5% incidence of recurrent
      gastrointestinal bleeding and a 28% incidence of late encephalopathy. The
      incidence of transitory dysphagia was 40% when the button of Boerema was used as
      compared with 9% when the EEA stapler was used. The surgical approach presented
      herein is an attractive alternative to portosystemic decompression for patients
      in whom hepatic dysfunction is complicated by uncontrolled variceal hemorrhage.

PMID- 3873715
TI  - Potentiation of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced anal carcinoma by epidermal growth
      factor in mice.
AB  - Because epidermal growth factor (EGF) can modify cell proliferation in the
      gastrointestinal tract, effects of EGF were studied on the development of
      colonic, rectal, and anal neoplasms in male mice treated with 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine (DMH) (20 mg/kg/wk for 20 weeks). DMH treatment caused a 13%
      increase in colonic RNA content, a 16% increase in DNA content, and 28% greater
      crypt depth. EGF (5 micrograms on alternate days during weeks 20 to 22)
      administered to DMH-treated mice produced no additional changes in colonic
      mucosa. At 30 weeks colorectal tumors were present in 13 of 20 mice treated with
      DMH (mean number of tumors per mouse 2.3 +/- 0.5) and 18 of 24 mice (mean 2.6 +/-
      0.7) treated with DMH and EGF. Anal tumors were present in two of 20 DMH-treated
      mice (mean 0.1 +/- 0.07) but in eight of 24 DMH-EGF-treated mice (mean 0.33 +/-
      0.1) (X2 = 4.84; p less than 0.05 for prevalence). Although EGF in this dose has
      no effect on the frequency of colorectal adenocarcinomas, the frequency of anal
      squamous cell carcinomas is increased more than three fold.

PMID- 3873716
TI  - Preparation of fibrin glue from single-donor fresh-frozen plasma.
AB  - Fibrin glue is used widely in Europe as a tissue sealant and hemostatic agent.
      The European glue is prepared commercially from pooled human blood. It is not
      available in this country because of the risk of transmission of hepatitis B,
      acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and other blood-transmitted diseases. We
      describe a cryoprecipitation technique for preparation of fibrin glue from single
      donor fresh-frozen plasma. This technique enables the glue to be made in large
      quantities with no greater risk of disease transmission than with that from the
      transfusion of single-unit fresh-frozen plasma. We have found that the glue is a
      useful tool in surgery. By helping to control difficult bleeding, its use can
      decrease the need for blood transfusions and shorten operating room time. It also
      is effective as a means to pretreat highly porous vascular prostheses that
      currently are used infrequently because of bleeding. These porous grafts offer
      potential advantages in handling, suturing, and long-term patency. This new
      technique of fibrin glue preparation may make this useful surgical adjunct as
      readily available in this country as it is in Europe.

PMID- 3873717
TI  - [International conference for nurses in rheumatology].

PMID- 3873718
TI  - [Immunopositive and immunonegative forms of chronic pancreatitis].
AB  - The data are provided on the immune status in 108 patients with chronic
      pancreatitis. The authors revealed the immune responses toward pancreatic tissue,
      deoxyribonucleic acid and deoxyribonuclease. Based on the revealed autoimmune
      responses to the pancreatic tissue, two patterns of chronic pancreatitis were
      distinguished: the immunopositive and immunonegative. It is suggested that
      immunologic mechanisms are involved into the pathogenesis of the immunopositive
      pattern of chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 3873719
TI  - [Immunological reactivity of patients with suppurative lung diseases and the
      effectiveness of immunocorrective therapy].
AB  - Patients with acute lung abscesses and bronchiectatic diseases manifested deep
      changes in the immune responsiveness, which were largely of compensatory
      (elevation of IgA content to over 2 mg/ml), immunosuppressive (decrease of
      lymphocyte blast transformation with PHA down to 52.2 and 48.6%) or autoimmune
      (increase of spontaneous lymphocyte blast transformation up to 8%) character. In
      patients with acute lung abscesses, the indicators enumerated tended during
      treatment toward normalization which was not over in the majority of them by the
      discharge from hospital. In patients with bronchiectatic disease, that tendency
      was observable only after additional treatment with immunocorrective drugs
      (levamisole, splenin).

PMID- 3873720
TI  - [Immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy of chronic nonspecific lung diseases].
AB  - Altogether 212 patients with chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases (CNPD) were
      examined. Of these, 105 patients received treatment with sodium nucleinate, 72
      with levamisole, 17 with diucifon and 18 with T-activin. As compared with healthy
      subjects, the patients manifested significantly deviated immunological
      parameters. CNDP patients showed a decrease in the T and B lymphocyte counts,
      unbalance in the levels of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG). The immunocorrective
      therapy lead to equalization of the immunity parameters in the majority of cases.
      Levamisole and diucifon appeared of value from the standpoint of their effect on
      the immunity parameters. Sodium nucleinate was less effective. T-activin caused
      an elevation of the T lymphocyte count in all the patients. Normalization of the
      immunity caused by the immunocorrective therapy correlated with a beneficial
      clinical effect.

PMID- 3873721
TI  - [Chronic bronchitis (clinico-physiological, immunological and morphological
      comparisons)].
AB  - A total of 140 patients with chronic bronchitis were examined and distributed
      into 4 groups depending on the presence and degree of instrumentally recordable
      bronchial obstruction: chronic non-obstructive bronchitis (CNB), obstruction of
      the proximal bronchi, obstruction of the distal bronchi, generalized obstruction.
      In the presence of unmarked exacerbation, the laboratory data in all the groups
      pointed to a moderate degree of the inflammatory process and tension of the
      immunity system. The groups of patients with distal and generalized obstruction
      manifested dysfunction in the production of blood serum immunoglobulins with an
      isolated increase in the IgM content. Analysis of histological alterations in
      bronchial biopsies withdrawn from the large bronchi confirmed the immune type of
      inflammation in CB exacerbation whatever the presence and degree of bronchial
      obstruction. Based on the character of alterations in the blood serum content of
      immunoglobulins and morphological evidence for the immune type of inflammation
      the authors lay emphasis on the originality of the immune response in cases of CB
      exacerbation with obstruction of the distal bronchi. Describe the time-course of
      the cellular immunity in the groups of patients with CNB and in those with distal
      obstruction treated with a drug having a thymomimetic action.

PMID- 3873722
TI  - [External respiratory function in patients with primary pulmonary emphysema
      etiologically related to alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency].
AB  - To improve the diagnosis of primary lung emphysema etiologically linked with
      alpha-trypsin deficiency, the authors provide the results of a detailed clinico
      functional study of 6 patients with an appreciable deficiency of this enzyme.
      According to the clinical and functional signs, all the patients were diagnosed
      to have a typical, pronounced lung emphysema. Therefore, the measurement of the
      alpha-antitrypsin content plays the crucial part in differential diagnosis of
      primary (hereditary determined) and secondary (obstructive) emphysema.

PMID- 3873723
TI  - High levels of circulating von Willebrand factor inhibit the release of this
      protein but not of plasminogen activator after DDAVP.

PMID- 3873724
TI  - HLA-class II restriction of the proliferative T lymphocyte responses to nickel,
      cobalt and chromium compounds.
AB  - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from nickel and/or cobalt or chromium
      sensitive patients were stimulated with the appropriate metal compound for 7 days
      in culture. The transformed blasts were separated from non-transformed small
      cells on Percoll density gradients. The blasts, maintained in interleukin-2
      containing medium and enriched for T cells, were both antigen specific and devoid
      of alloreactivity. The metal compound primed T cell blasts from all patients
      showed a good proliferative response on restimulation with the priming compound
      in the presence of autologous adherent cells (AC). Analysis of HLA class II
      phenotypes of allogeneic AC that could serve as antigen presenting cells
      indicated that responsiveness of T cell blasts from most but not all patients
      could be explained on the basis of HLA-DR as a restricting element. We conclude
      that products of other class II loci (HLA-DQ and/or HLA-DP) might also serve as
      restricting elements for a secondary in vitro proliferative response to these
      metal compounds.

PMID- 3873725
TI  - Cytochrome P-450 and monooxygenase activity in hepatic microsomes from N
      phenylimidazole-treated rats.
AB  - Repeated administration of N-phenylimidazole (PI) to rats (3 daily doses of 200
      mumol/kg/day) enhanced hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 levels (approx. 130%)
      and aminopyrine N-demethylase (APDM) and aniline p-hydroxylase (APH) activities
      (approx. 140%); aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase (AHH) and 7
      ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD) activities were not enhanced over control
      values under similar conditions. Spectral studies with PI-induced microsomes
      indicated that although type II PI-binding characteristics were similar to those
      observed in controls, the 427 nm/455 nm absorbance ratio of the type III
      dihydrosafrole metabolite-cytochrome P-450 complex was lower than that in control
      microsomes. The results suggest that the inducing characteristics of PI bear some
      resemblance to those of phenobarbital (PB).

PMID- 3873726
TI  - [Reflexotherapy of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis and lichen ruber
      planus].

PMID- 3873728
TI  - [Immunostimulating activity of lysozyme in vitro in patients with injuries to the
      jaw bones complicated by suppurative infection].

PMID- 3873727
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of immunomodulators in the combined treatment of
      patients with mandibular fractures].

PMID- 3873729
TI  - Regional cerebral blood flow in patients with transient ischemic attacks studied
      by Xenon-133 inhalation and emission tomography.

PMID- 3873730
TI  - NBTS/BRIC 8. A monoclonal anti-C3d antibody.
AB  - A stable mouse hybridoma line secreting monoclonal anti-C3d antibody (NBTS/BRIC
      8) was produced. Ascitic fluid containing BRIC 8 can be used at a final dilution
      of 1 to 5000 to provide an excellent antiglobulin reagent when mixed with a
      conventional polyclonal rabbit anti-human IgG serum.

PMID- 3873731
TI  - Generation of anti-H-Y-reactive T cells in vivo by the addition of activated
      macrophages.
AB  - The popliteal lymph node (PLN) enlargement assay is a sensitive measure of the
      graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) in the rat. It has been used to detect T cells
      reacting to the male-specific (H-Y) antigen. Normal or presensitized female T
      cells were injected into the footpads of syngeneic male rats, with or without the
      addition of activated macrophages. Anti-H-Y-reactive T cells from normal female
      DA rats were induced by the simultaneous injection of female peritoneal
      macrophages activated by i.p. injection of streptococci, as monitored by the
      degree of the PLN enlargement. Anti-H-Y reactivity reached a peak 7 days after
      injection. The synergistic action of the macrophages with female T cells was
      exerted during the inductive phase of the reaction, and was not restricted by the
      RT 1 complex. The dependence of anti-H-Y-reactive T cells on the activated
      macrophages was influenced by the degree of presensitization with H-Y antigen:
      nonsensitized, once-sensitized, and twice-sensitized female T cells exhibited
      anti-H-Y reactivity, if macrophages were injected concomitantly. Cells sensitized
      three times did not require the addition of macrophages. The anti-H-Y GVHR assay
      could provide a useful model for the study of the mechanism rendering T cells
      reactive to H-Y antigen, and also for the study of cellular interactions between
      the H-Y-reactive T cells and activated macrophages.

PMID- 3873732
TI  - Antigen competition in cytotoxic T cell response to minor histocompatibility
      antigens.
AB  - Two populations of class-I-restricted CTL are generated from BDF1 mice against
      multiple minor-HA when BALB.B cells carrying multiple minor-HA are used as
      immunogen, whereas one population of Db-restricted CTL is generated when H-25.3
      antigen on B6.C-H-25c cells is used as antigen. CTL generated against H-25.3
      antigen on B6.C-H-25c cells are cytolytic to B6.C-H-25c and BALB.B targets,
      whereas CTL generated in the same manner with multiple minor-HA on BALB.B cells
      kill BALB.B targets only. This must be an instance of antigen competition,
      because H-25.3 antigen is immunostimulatory when used on its own, but not when
      accompanied by other minor-HA. This competition effect is not an artefact seen
      during the generation of CTL in MLC cultures in vitro, because it is also seen
      during the generation of CTL in vivo. We have not identified the immunodominant
      antigen(s) on BALB.B cells. We have studied this form of antigen competition in
      some detail. First, BDF1 spleen primed in vivo to multiple minor-HA on BALB.B
      cells do not respond in vitro to restimulation by H-25.3 antigen, suggesting that
      antigen competition is not mediated by suppressor cells, but that BALB.B cells do
      not prime BDF1 spleen cells against H-25.3 antigen in vivo. Second, BDF1 spleen
      cells primed to the same multiple minor-HA carried on F1(BALB/c X B6.C-H-25c)
      cells respond to restimulation by H-25.3 antigen in vitro. Third, BDF1 spleen
      cells primed in vivo to H-25.3 antigen on B6.C-H-25c cells do not respond in
      vitro to restimulation by multiple minor-HA on BALB.B cells, but they do respond
      to F1(BALB/c X B6.C-H-25c) cells that carry the same multiple minor-HA as BALB.B
      cells, and generate Db-restricted anti-H-25.3 CTL. Fourth, BDF1 spleen cells
      primed in vivo and boosted in vitro with B6.C-H-25c cells readily develop CTL to
      H-25.3 antigen, whereas when the BDF1 mice are exposed to H-25.3 antigen in vivo
      by repeated footpad injections of B6.C-H-25c cells, CTL to H-25.3 antigen do not
      develop. However, anti-H-25.3 CTL do develop after H-25.3 antigen-bearing B6.C-H
      25c cells and antigen-specific Th cells are injected into preprimed BDF1 mice.
      These results are discussed with respect to possible mechanisms of antigen
      competition.

PMID- 3873733
TI  - Inhibition of the accessory function of murine macrophages in vitro by
      cyclosporine.
AB  - The accessory function of macrophages, which is strictly related to the induction
      of T cell activation, has been studied to determine whether it is affected by
      cyclosporine (CsA). Irradiated spleen cells, used as a source of macrophages,
      were pulsed overnight with beta-galactosidase (GZ) in the presence of CsA. After
      washing of the pulsed macrophages, cells from a GZ-specific T cell line were
      added to cultures and 3H-thymidine incorporation was measured 72 hr later. We
      found that 500 ng/ml CsA present during macrophage pulsing with GZ reduced T cell
      proliferation to 5%. On the other hand, 100 ng/ml CsA almost completely abrogated
      the proliferative response when present for the duration of the culture. Similar
      results were also obtained using antigen-pulsed peritoneal-adherent macrophages
      to stimulate the T cell line to proliferate, or a T hybridoma clone to produce
      interleukin-2 (IL-2). The possibility that CsA actually affects interleukin-1 (IL
      1) production by macrophages by inhibiting uninvolved T cells could be ruled out.
      We conclude that CsA-induced inhibition of T cell functions (proliferation and IL
      2 production) is partially due to the effect of the drug on the accessory
      function of macrophages. This immunosuppressive mechanism of action of CsA on
      macrophages has not been previously described.

PMID- 3873734
TI  - [Structural changes in the myelin sheath membranes exposed to anisotonic media. A
      fluorescence polarization study].
AB  - Extrinsic fluorescence polarization (P parallel and P perpendicular) of intact
      myelinated nerve fibres in anisotonic media has been investigated. Fluorescent
      probes of Acridine orange and Perylen were used for the experiment. Changes in
      fluorescent polarization of nerve fibres, associated with osmotic movement of
      water, arise immediately after the incubation of fibres in hypo- or hypertonic
      solutions. During exosmotic and endosmotic movement of water P parallel and P
      perpendicular and in quite a different manner. This fact demonstrates an
      asymmetry of structural membrane alterations. The results obtained are explained
      by asymmetry of swelling and shrinking of carbohydrate gel between two adjacent
      extracellular membrane surfaces of the myelin sheath.

PMID- 3873735
TI  - [Thyroid activity in common frogs and the heat resistance of their bodies and
      muscle tissue].
AB  - Thyroid activity of single individuals of the grass frog has been studied during
      winter hybernation (2-5 degrees) and heat acclimation (15 degrees) in relation to
      the heat resistance of the organism and muscle tissue at 2-5 degrees. A positive
      correlation has been observed between thyroid activity and the organismal heat
      resistance. At 15 degrees thyroid activity increases. It is the highest in
      females with a low initial heat resistance of the organism. It is assumed that
      changes in the heat resistance of the organism and muscle tissue are controlled
      by the thyroid gland. However, no correlation has been found between the initial
      (winter) level of the heat resistance of muscle tissue and the activity of
      thyroid.

PMID- 3873736
TI  - High-dose methotrexate-leucovorin rescue therapy: selected application in non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma.
AB  - Methotrexate with leucovorin rescue (HDMTX-LV rescue), has been used to treat
      solid tumors and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). We studied the use of HDMTX-LV
      rescue in patients with widespread NHL with histologic diagnosis of diffuse
      poorly differentiated lymphocytic and diffuse histiocytic including involvement
      of the central nervous system (CNS) and/or bone marrow. The prognosis with
      conventional chemotherapy is extremely poor. Three patients have bone marrow
      involvement, 2 patients CNS, and 2 both. These patients were unresponsive to
      conventional chemotherapy and had a rapid progression of their disease. Therapy
      with HDMTX-LV rescue induced responses in 5 patients: 2 patients achieved a
      complete remission and three a partial remission. Regression of CNS involvement
      was observed in 3 patients; bone marrow toxicity was not observed. Only 1 patient
      failed to respond. These data suggest that HDMTX-LV rescue may be useful as
      primary therapy in lymphoma patients with CNS and/or bone marrow involvement.

PMID- 3873737
TI  - [The creatine kinase system in rat thymus and thymocytes].
AB  - The content of creatine phosphate, creatine and creatine kinase activity in
      thymus is shown to be 17.6, 5 and 4 times respectively higher, than in thymocytes
      isolated from this organ, both the level of adenine nucleotides and adenylate
      energy charge being practically the same. The creatine phosphate content in
      thymocytes decreases with addition of papaverine and remains unchanged under the
      influence of adenosine and concanavalin A. The creatine kinase activity increases
      considerably during the concanavalin A-induced thymocyte blasttransformation
      reaction. Creatine inhibits blasttransformation of thymocytes stimulated by this
      mitogen.

PMID- 3873738
TI  - [Hemorrhagic proctitis in male homosexuals caused by Chlamydia trachomatis].

PMID- 3873739
TI  - [Treatment of corneal edematous dystrophy by interlamellar alloplasty with the
      crystalline lens capsule].

PMID- 3873740
TI  - [Corneal endothelium function in Fuchs' syndrome].

PMID- 3873742
TI  - [Indicators of T- and B systems of immunity in patients with acute cholecystitis
      during treatment].
AB  - The examination of 80 patients has shown that patients with acute cholecystitis
      have disturbed T and B systems of immunity. The greatest decrease of the
      parameters was noted in patients with a destructive cholecystitis and
      postoperative infectious complications. Patients treated by conservative methods
      were characterized by greater amount of T and B lymphocytes and B lymphocytes
      with receptors for murine erythrocytes. The use of Levamizole and leukosuspension
      was shown to improve results of the treatment.

PMID- 3873741
TI  - [Remote results of the surgical treatment of patients with diffuse toxic goiter
      depending on the immunologic status].
AB  - The work presents results of the surgical treatment of patients with a toxic
      goiter depending on the initial status of the immune reactivity. It was shown
      that recurrent thyrotoxicosis or the development of hypothyreosis occurred in
      patients with the disturbed immune status more frequently. A conclusion is made
      that the immune disorders should be corrected in patients with diffuse toxic
      goiters during the preoperative period in order to improve results of the
      surgical treatment.

PMID- 3873743
TI  - [Rare complication of Meckel's diverticulum].

PMID- 3873744
TI  - Pancreatitis, gastrointestinal ulceration and haemorrhage and necrotising
      cystitis following the surgical treatment of degenerative disc disease in a
      dachshund.
AB  - A case of pancreatitis with gastrointestinal ulceration and haemorrhage and
      necrotising cystitis in a five-and-a-half-year-old dachshund bitch which
      unexpectedly died six days after dorsolateral fenestration was performed for
      thoracolumbar degenerative disc disease is described.

PMID- 3873745
TI  - Contact sensitivity to DNCB in normal and cell-mediated-immunity deficient
      chickens: in vivo detection and correlation with lymphocyte transformation and
      graft-versus-host reaction.
AB  - Optimum conditions for the contact sensitivity (CS) test using 2,4
      dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) were sensitization with 0.25 ml of a DNCB solution
      (10 mg/ml) and challenge with one-tenth of this dose two weeks later. This
      produced reaction in terms of skin thickness which could be easily observed and
      measured. The cutaneous hypersensitivity developed slowly, reaching its maximum
      manifestation after 24 h of challenge and gradually declining thereafter. The
      development of a skin reaction was typical of delayed type hypersensitivity and
      was characterized histopathologically by congestion, oedema, mononuclear and
      heterophilic cell infiltration in the dermal layer and lymphocytic perivascular
      cuffing. The efficiency of the CS test was compared with that of the lymphocyte
      transformation (LT) test and graft-versus-host (GvH) reaction for monitoring cell
      mediated immunity (CMI) in normal and CMI deficient chickens. CMI deficient
      chickens were prepared by neonatal thymectomy and inoculation of antithymocyte
      serum. The CMI response of deficient chickens was significantly less (p less than
      0.01) as determined by all three tests. The percentage decrease in response to
      mount GvH, CS and LT was 88.9, 58.3 and 74.6, respectively. All the tests were
      found to be equally effective in assessing CMI response in chickens as determined
      by comparing the means of their performances.

PMID- 3873747
TI  - [An overview of new diagnostic principles and methods in rheumatology].

PMID- 3873746
TI  - Flurbiprofen and immunosuppression of Trypanosoma brucei infection in the goat.
AB  - Goats infected with Trypanosoma brucei and treated with the non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory agent flurbiprofen, showed a marked increase in parasitaemia,
      followed in one of the four goats by death. The in vitro response to mitogens of
      peripheral blood lymphocytes and separated T- and B-lymphocytes from healthy
      goats treated with flurbiprofen was normal when compared with non-treated
      animals. T. brucei-infected goats, not treated with flurbiprofen, showed a marked
      immunosuppression which was mainly localized in the B-enriched lymphocyte
      fraction. A combination of T. brucei infection and treatment with flurbiprofen
      led to even more suppression, because the T-lymphocyte function was also
      suppressed. It is concluded that flurbiprofen first causes a rise in the
      parasitaemia and that this high parasitaemia is responsible for the observed
      immunosuppression.

PMID- 3873748
TI  - [Combined duodenal injuries].

PMID- 3873749
TI  - [Role of sialic acid loss in the myocardium in depressing the contractile
      function of the heart muscle during stress].
AB  - Under conditions of stress a time-dependent decrease in content of sialic acids
      was found in adult rats; within 9 hrs of the animal immobilization the sialic
      acid content was decreased by 40% as compared with controls. At the same time,
      activities of trypsin and LDHI were increased in blood serum. The data obtained
      suggest that activation of proteases occurring during the stress led to increased
      hydrolysis of base components of glycocalyx and to impairment of the
      cardiomyocyte sarcolemma. These phenomena appear to be responsible for the post
      stress deterioration of heart muscle contractile functions.

PMID- 3873750
TI  - [Effect of 1,25-dioxycholecalciferol and 24,25-dioxycholecalciferol on calcium
      homeostasis in rats given hydrocortisone in the diet with various phosphorus
      contents].
AB  - High content of phosphorus in the diet (1.8% of phosphorus in the diet, Ca:P
      ratio 1:3) accelerated the development of hypocalcemia and osteoporosis and
      increased their degree in rats which received hydrocortisone (3.5 mg/10 g bw a
      day for 4 weeks). Reduction of phosphorus consumption to 0.3% (Ca:P ration 1:0.5)
      essentially retarded the development of these disturbances and lowered their
      degree. The use of 1,25-dioxycholecalciferol and 24,25-dioxycholecalciferol in
      doses of 0.03 and 1.5 mg, respectively promoted the normalization of phosphorus
      calcium metabolism and improvement of the status of the osseous tissue in rats
      given hydrocortisone coupled with both diets. The most beneficial affect on
      calcium homeostasis in exogenous hypercorticoidism was attained with the use of
      active metabolites of vitamin D3 coupled with the diet with a low phosphorus
      content (0.3%). In this case there was a complete normalization of the density of
      the osseous tissue and of the calcium and phosphorus content. In view of this
      fact it is advisable to combine active metabolites of vitamin D3 and the diet
      with a low phosphorus content.

PMID- 3873751
TI  - [Effect of the host's body genotype and phenotype on the manifestation of the
      pathogenic properties of the influenza virus].
AB  - The sensitivity of mice of CBA (H-2k haplotype), C57BL/6 (H-2b haplotype) strains
      and their hybrids M1 and F2 to the pathogenic influenza A/PR8/34 (H0N1) and
      nonpathogenic A/Krasnodar/101/59 (H2N2) virus strains was studied. The lethality,
      virus replication in the lungs, and the thymic index were determined. An increase
      in the resistance to the pathogenic influenza virus was found in male C57BL/6 and
      male F1 (CBA X C57BL/6) hybrids in the summer period as compared with winter.
      Replication of the pathogenic virus in the lungs of mice, in contrast to the
      nonpathogenic one, was accompanied by marked atrophy of the thymus. The study
      suggests the existence of a certain association between the resistance to
      influenza infection and phenotypic changes in the host connected with the weight
      of the thymus and the presence of mature T-lymphocytes.

PMID- 3873752
TI  - [Visceral lupus erythematosus with fulminant course complicated by massive
      gastrointestinal hemorrhage].

PMID- 3873753
TI  - [Experiences with a methodologic variant of fiberoptic sclerosing of esophageal
      varices].
AB  - 43 patients with acute bleeding oesophageal varices were treated by means of
      endoscopic sclerotherapy using a modified fiber-endoscopic technic by either
      intravasal or combined intra- and paravasal injections. The results obtained in
      this group were compared with a group of 30 patients who had been treated
      conservatively--above all using a Sengstaken tube. According to previous
      experiences the method proved sufficient. In the sclerotherapy group there were
      by far less recurrent variceal haemorrhages (22 episodes of haemorrhages in 35
      per cent of the patients) than in the control group, and during an average
      observation time of 16 months 18 per cent of the patients died. On the other
      hand, in the group treated conservatively, there were 44 episodes of haemorrhages
      in 60 per cent of the patients and 66.6 per cent of the patients died within 13
      months. The results are compared with the results in literature and they suggest
      that, apart from the decrease of the frequency of haemorrhagic recidivations the
      sclerotherapy may have a favourable influence on the survival time of patients
      with liver cirrhosis. These findings, however, must still be confirmed by long
      term results.

PMID- 3873755
TI  - [Behavior of eosinophilic granulocytes, total IgE and allergen-specific IgE
      antibodies in atopic neurodermatitis during hospital treatment in the North Sea
      climate].
AB  - Absolute number of eosinophilic leucocytes, total IgE level, and specific IgE
      antibodies against the environmental antigens cock's foot, house-dust, and house
      dust mite (dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) were obtained from 25 patients
      suffering from atopic dermatitis at the beginning as well as towards the end of
      hospital treatment in the maritime climate of the North Sea. Initially the
      absolute eosinophilic leucocytes were increased. According to the improvement of
      the atopic skin lesions, there was a significant decrease up to normal rates in
      several cases at the end of hospital treatment. The increased number of
      eosinophilic leucocytes observed at the beginning of therapy was correlated to
      the total IgE level. On an average, pathologic initial rates of total IgE going
      along with acute lesions decreased during hospital treatment; but this
      observation may be statistically accidental, the cutaneous lesions, however,
      completely disappeared. Elevated initial rate of antigen-specific IgE antibodies,
      as well, showed obvious reduction, but they did not reach normal values in any
      case. According to update knowledge, the IgE level in serum seems to be
      predominantly controlled by a multifactorial genetic system.

PMID- 3873754
TI  - [Hepatitis A antibodies in young hemophiliacs].
AB  - The proof of antibodies against the hepatitis A-virus (anti-HAV) is a frequent
      finding in substituted haemophiliacs. Anti-HAV is apparently not the expression
      of an actively acquired immunity, but might have been transmitted above all
      passively by means of the plasma preparations. Among 68 haemophilic children and
      adolescents anti-HAV was proved 22 times, in 33 boys of about the same age with
      undisturbed blood coagulation only twice. Of 40 cryoprecipitate 22 were anti-HAV
      positive. Thus as a side-effect of the substitution therapy a protective effect
      against a hepatitis A-virus infection develops--at least partly.

PMID- 3873756
TI  - [Epidemiology of arterial occlusive disease. Peculiarities in advanced age].
AB  - Based on data of the Basle Study and on a trial of 225 patients with acute
      arterial occlusion, findings of frequency and the fate of patients with OPAD are
      presented. The prevalence of asymptomatic OPAD is three times higher than the
      symptomatic form with intermittent claudication. This is true especially in older
      people with concomitant diseases such as CHD masking the claudication. Thus,
      trophic lesions or acute occlusion may occur unexpectedly. However, patients at
      risk should be detected at an early stage by non-invasive methods and by the risk
      profile. Acute arterial occlusions show an impressive symptomatology and are
      followed by severe consequences: in-hospital mortality was 33% and amputation had
      to be performed in 19%. In older patients with known disposing diseases acute
      occlusion can often be avoided by prophylactic measures.

PMID- 3873758
TI  - Integrating health-related data from various sources: combining surveys, records
      and routine data.
AB  - The paper discusses the necessity of combining data from various sources in order
      to enhance their usefulness for a variety of applications. As future data use can
      hardly be forseen in advance, major data sets in health services should fulfill
      several formal requirements in order to make them suitable for future linkage.
      These formal requirements are that there be references to defined populations, to
      specific persons, to defined time periods, to specific places or regions. It
      would be necessary for terms, definition and classification schemes to agree
      between data sets which are to be linked and be in wide use. Three facets of data
      linkage are discussed specifically namely linking data at one level of
      aggregation, linking different data components, and combining data sets from
      different sources at several levels of aggregation. Three examples are provided,
      describing linkages of data from various sources for epidemiological studies and
      a study in health services research. They show that at this point in descriptive
      epidemiological studies linkage on the basis of regions is of great importance.
      This implies that it would be desirable for large scale data collection
      activities in health services to provide for a uniform representation of the
      geographic areas. Such uniformity would greatly enhance the linkage potential of
      data sets and thus their usefulness for small area and regional analyses.

PMID- 3873757
TI  - An immunological approach to vaccines against African swine fever virus.
AB  - Until recently there were no published reports of any immunological mechanism
      which could curtail the replication of African swine fever virus (ASFV). We have
      now described three such mechanisms--complement dependent lysis, antibody
      dependent cellular cytotoxicity and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This paper discusses
      the likely role which each might play during ASFV infection and indicates where
      this research might help with a disease where no effective vaccine is available.

PMID- 3873759
TI  - [Blood pressure: knowledge and behavior].
AB  - Knowledge about blood pressure and practice in terms of its measurement are two
      important indicators for problem areas in cardiovascular disease prevention. This
      paper analyses these two indicators based on a representative Health Survey
      (SOMIPOPS) in order to illustrate the potential of such surveys. The results
      demonstrate that interesting clues to preventive action can indeed be obtained.
      In addition, time series analyses could potentially be a basis for the continuous
      evaluation of health services in this area.

PMID- 3873760
TI  - Switzerland's participation in MONICA.
AB  - Switzerland is currently participating in the multicenter study "Monitoring of
      Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease - MONICA". Incidence of acute
      myocardial infarction will be studied over a period of ten years in a target
      population. The results will be compared with changes in medical care and the
      spread of known risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the population. This
      paper describes how the different data will be registered in Switzerland and how
      far the work has progressed up to now.

PMID- 3873761
TI  - [Frequency of renal failure in long-term diabetics].
AB  - The frequency of chronic renal insufficiency is inspected in a closed population.
      3.06% of the inhabitants of the district of Neubrandenburg suffer from diabetes
      mellitus. 1,108 diabetics (these are 5.84% of all diabetics) have had the
      diabetes for 15 and more years. 44.91% of these long-term diabetics have an
      increased creatinine level. There are 9 long-term diabetics at the age up to 49
      years per 100,000 inhabitants with restricted renal functions. The chronic renal
      insufficiency, which occurs with diabetics significantly more frequent than with
      non-diabetics, must be considered in the planning of dialysis capacities.

PMID- 3873762
TI  - [Tetanus illnesses and mortality 1977-1983].
AB  - During the years from 1977-1983 there was an incidence of 59 diseases and 38
      deaths of tetanus in the GDR. Compared with the years from 1957-1975 there was a
      clear decrease of morbidity and mortality, letality however, increased. This
      increase of letality is not only due to the patients higher age, but also to
      omission and delay of immediate simultaneous active and passive immunization of
      injured unvaccinated persons. In many cases this can be attributed to the fact
      that the guidelines for preventing tetanus were unknown or that the physician
      called for first medical treatment could not adequately cope with it.

PMID- 3873763
TI  - The bactericidal activity of ampicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, and
      doxycycline against H. influenzae under various conditions of culture.
AB  - The bactericidal activities of ampicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, and
      doxycycline at a concentration of 1 mg/l were compared for 13 strains of H.
      influenzae with a typical minimal inhibitory concentration of these drugs.
      Conditions of culture used were: liquid medium in shaken flasks, stationary
      flasks and stationary tubes, with and without the addition of 30% human serum.
      Ampicillin and amoxicillin exerted the same bactericidal activity. Survival rates
      at 5 h were on the average near 1%, however, with large variations. At 24 h
      survival rate was uniformly below 0.12%. The bactericidal activity of the
      tetracyclines depended more on the cultural conditions. A marked reduction of the
      bacterial population below 1% was found at 24 h between 12 of 12 and 5 of 13
      strains according to the experimental circumstances. Tetracycline was more
      bactericidal than doxycycline, especially in the presence of serum.

PMID- 3873764
TI  - [Method of transcutaneous nerve stimulation in the treatment of post-stroke
      arthropathies].
AB  - The authors analyzed the results of treating 75 patients with post-stroke
      arthropathies by transcutaneous nervous stimulation (TNS) and by some other kinds
      of low frequency electrotherapy. A method of TNS in post-stroke arthropathies was
      elaborated. A comparison of the effect of TNS with that of diadynamic (DC) and
      sinusoidal-modulated (SMC) currents showed no significant advantage of the
      analgesic action of TNS as against the analgesic action of DC and SMC when used
      in post-stroke arthropathies. TNS was shown to have a weak effect on tissue
      trophicity.

PMID- 3873765
TI  - [Relation between clinico-physiologic indices of sleep and the nature of stress
      and reflexotherapy application].
AB  - The time-course of the structure of nocturnal sleep in normal subjects in
      conditions of a single sleep deprivation (acute sleep deprivation) and in
      neurotic patients with chronic sleep deprivation has been studied. The efficacy
      of acupuncture under different conditions is analyzed. The results obtained
      suggest a differential nature of the acupuncture effect in conditions of acute
      and chronic sleep deprivation. In acute sleep deprivation in normal subjects
      electrical acupuncture activates both synchronizing and desynchronizing
      mechanisms of the cerebral nonspecific systems. In chronic disturbances of sleep
      associated with neuroses acupuncture activates the synchronizing systems and
      inhibits the cerebral deactivating systems. Preventive acupuncture is recommended
      as a method increasing the activity of people working on night shifts (operators,
      traffic controllers, etc.).

PMID- 3873766
TI  - [Immunologic characteristics of patients with reactive depressions].
AB  - The authors examined 82 patients suffering from reactive depressions with a
      relatively acute, subacute and protracted course, 10 patients with a reactive
      onset of schizophrenia and 24 normal subjects. The test subjects were examined
      over time for titres of heterohemolysins, S-RB, antibodies against cerebral
      antigens and the administered drugs as well as for relative parameters of T- and
      B-rosettes. The results obtained make it possible to identify the most frequent
      combinations of the examined parameters in the above groups of patients with
      various symptomatology. Immunological indices may be an important criterion for
      selecting the therapy of patients with reactive depressions. Thus the detection
      in the serum of antibodies against the administered drugs may serve as a
      sufficient basis for changing the therapy and using medicaments of a different
      chemical structure.

PMID- 3873767
TI  - Glycosphingolipids in murine lymphocytes from thymus and spontaneous and X-ray
      induced thymomas.
AB  - Lymphocytes from spontaneous thymoma in AKR mice and from X-ray induced thymoma
      in C57B1/6 mice showed elevated levels (by 50% and 100%, respectively) of lipid
      bound sialic acid as compared with lymphocytes from normal thymuses used as
      controls. Some ganglioside fractions in thymomas were elevated 4-6-fold over
      those in normal thymuses while other fractions decreased or disappeared. Neutral
      glycosphingolipid (NGSL) content in lymphocytes from thymomas was also changed.
      Thin-layer chromatography of NGSLs showed that the fractions migrating as
      ceramide monohexoside (CMH), dihexoside (CDH) and below globoside standards were
      increased, respectively, 2-3-fold, 3-6-fold and 2-fold in both types of thymomas.
      Methylation and gas-liquid chromatography analysis confirmed the presence of CMH,
      CDH and globoside in NGSLs isolated from X-ray induced thymoma.

PMID- 3873768
TI  - Plasma fibrinolytic activity in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.
AB  - The fibrinolytic system was studied in 30 patients undergoing elective
      cholecystectomy and in 30 with more advanced elective abdominal surgery. Blood
      was sampled before, during and after operation for determination in plasma of the
      tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), the recently described fast t-PA inhibitor,
      and plasmin alpha 2-antiplasmin complex (PAP). In addition the t-PA activity
      during venous occlusion was determined preoperatively. Most of the patients
      showed raised t-PA levels during surgery, but the interindividual variation was
      wide and was not correlated to fibrinolytic capacity measured preoperatively as
      enhancement of t-PA activity during venous occlusion. The levels of the t-PA
      inhibitor rose during and immediately after surgery, and were higher in patients
      without increased t-PA activity during surgery. The patients with more advanced
      disease had higher levels of the inhibitor than the cholecystectomy patients. The
      data suggest that the t-PA inhibitor may influence the fibrinolytic response to
      surgical trauma and may explain the previously reported shutdown in fibrinolysis
      in the early postoperative period. PAP, used as reflecting the overall
      fibrinolytic activity, was increased in plasma after the first postoperative
      days.

PMID- 3873769
TI  - Transposed ciliary microtubules in Kartagener's syndrome. A case report with
      electron microscopy of bronchial and nasal brushings.
AB  - Report is made of the case of a 44-year-old white woman with Kartagener's
      syndrome marked by respiratory disorders and repeated serous otitis since
      infancy. The technique of cell sampling through bronchial and nasal brushings
      facilitated observation of ciliary structures in electron microscopy. The results
      revealed a specific anomaly in the organization of the ciliary microtubules. The
      doublet transposition observed may be associated with ciliary dyskinesia.

PMID- 3873770
TI  - Diagnosis of radiolucent lesions of the jaw by fine needle aspiration biopsy.
AB  - Radiolucent lesions of the jaw, representing a variety of metabolic,
      inflammatory, developmental, neoplastic and other disorders, may be quite
      variable in appearance. Fine needle aspiration biopsy, performed on 57 patients
      who presented with oral abnormalities, was used in an attempt to differentiate
      the pathologic processes in the 23 patients with radiolucent changes resulting
      from bony involvement. Most aspirations were performed on an outpatient basis,
      and the cytologic findings were correlated with the clinical course and
      subsequent surgical findings. The entities encountered included ameloblastoma, a
      variety of odontogenic cysts and inflammatory and infectious processes, such as
      actinomycosis and giant-cell and eosinophilic granulomas. An unusual salivary
      gland lesion was also observed. The aspiration biopsy proved to be a valuable
      adjunct method for the preoperative diagnosis of radiolucent lesions of the jaws.
      A discussion of the differential diagnostic considerations is presented.

PMID- 3873771
TI  - Correlation between clinical and immunological findings in atopic dermatitis.
AB  - Many immunological alterations have been reported in atopic dermatitis, and it is
      likely that in some cases they are capable of worsening the clinical course of
      atopic dermatitis (AD). More frequently these alterations are responsible for
      conditions associated with AD such as asthma, food allergy and infections. It
      seems probable that in some cases they are evidence of a preclinical allergic
      manifestation. However, in most cases, it is likely that the immunological
      alterations do not affect significantly the clinical course of the disease.

PMID- 3873772
TI  - Clinical and histological features of dry skin in atopic dermatitis.
AB  - Of 200 atopic dermatitis patients observed during cold months, 44 (22%) had
      ichthyosis vulgaris. Histologically, the dry skin in atopic dermatitis coexistent
      with ichthyosis demonstrated ichthyotic features which were frequently
      superimposed with eczematous changes. The dry skin in pure atopic dermatitis
      demonstrated the histology of mild eczema. Examinations using monoclonal
      antibodies showed that the dry skin in pure atopic dermatitis had increased
      numbers of OKT6-positive cells in epidermis. The lymphocytes in the dermal
      infiltrates consisted predominantly of LEU-3a-positive cells. It is concluded
      that the dry skin often seen in atopic dermatitis may be a mild eczematous lesion
      of atopic dermatitis, or a manifestation of concomitant ichthyosis, or a complex
      of these two changes.

PMID- 3873774
TI  - Separation of an active substance responsible for the factor VIII inhibitor
      bypassing activity in Autoplex.

PMID- 3873773
TI  - Cellular cytotoxicity to membrane-associated insulin in an autologous system.
AB  - A method is described for the measurement of T-cell cytotoxicity to purified
      preparations of insulin, their high molecular weight fractions and C-peptide
      derivatives. The technique assesses cellular cytotoxicity to membrane associated
      insulin in an autologous system. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 19 type 1
      diabetic patients were stimulated in vitro for 6 days with the pharmaceutical
      preparation(s) used therapeutically. At the end of this period, they were set up
      in a 4-h cytotoxicity assay against 51Cr labelled PHA blast transformed
      lymphocytes in the presence of therapeutic insulin, monocomponent insulin, B
      component or C-peptide. The results presented here demonstrate cytotoxicity to
      insulin B-component in diabetic patients who have received pork insulin for 2-6
      years. The possible reasons for this finding are discussed.

PMID- 3873775
TI  - Analysis of the effect of L-asparaginase on the cell cycle of leukemic T-cells by
      flow cytometry.

PMID- 3873776
TI  - Leukemic cell-associated inhibitory activity against CFU-C of normal bone marrow.

PMID- 3873777
TI  - Phenotypic characterization and clinical evaluation of 15 patients with
      lymphoblastic lymphoma.

PMID- 3873778
TI  - Reactivities of neoplastic T cells to human autoantibody and monoclonal
      antibodies.

PMID- 3873780
TI  - Diseases associated with multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. A population cohort
      study of 159,200 middle-aged, urban, native Swedes observed over 10 years (1970
      79).
AB  - A defined general population of 159,200 male and female native Swedes born in the
      period 1911-1940 from an urban catchment area of the then only general hospital,
      was followed over a decade (1970-79) with regard to in-patient hospitalization
      for all kinds of diagnoses. As a part of this population cohort study, multiple
      sclerosis cases (n = 351) and epilepsy cases (n = 648) were studied for
      association with other diseases. Unexpectedly, a cluster of diseases encompassing
      tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus and myocardial infarction,
      among the diseases associated with multiple sclerosis, also forms a gradient;
      this suggests a quantitative rather than a qualitative multifactorial model of
      disease for the understanding of the pathogenesis of MS. In epilepsy,
      heterogeneity was suggested as being mainly linked to the presence or absence of
      co-existing alcoholism. Brain tumours in cases of epilepsy were found almost
      exclusively in the latter subset and prevailing among younger people independent
      of sex (with an almost 100-fold excess rate of that disease combination as
      expected by chance only).

PMID- 3873779
TI  - Regional cerebral blood flow in hemiparkinsonian patients. Emission computerized
      tomography of inhaled 133Xenon before and after levodopa.
AB  - Regional and mean cerebral blood flow (rCBF, CBF) were measured by tomography of
      inhaled 133Xe in 18 hemiparkinsonian patients before and after levodopa (L-dopa).
      Baseline mean CBF was 55 ml/ (100 g X min) after an L-dopa-free interval of at
      least 10 h (range 10-13) and remained unchanged at 56.1 ml/ (100 g X min) after
      optimal clinical improvement was achieved by L-dopa. However, L-dopa reduced rCBF
      significantly (P less than 0.05) in the striatum contralateral to the symptomatic
      limbs. In patients with adverse reactions such as hyperkinesias and on/off
      symptoms, flow tended to increase bilaterally in striatum and often markedly in
      midline structures anatomically related to globus pallidus and thalamus. Compared
      with a normal population, the subcortical rCBF distribution was asymmetrical with
      a reduced flow (-18%) in the striatum contralateral to the symptomatic limbs and
      in midline structures anatomically related to globus pallidus and thalamus (
      12%). Cortical CBF was inverse related to the duration of Parkinson's disease (P
      less than 0.05), probably reflecting an increasing mental deterioration with
      time.

PMID- 3873781
TI  - Enrichment of human milk lymphocytes by discontinuous density gradient
      sedimentation.
AB  - A simple method is described for the enrichment of lymphocytes from human
      colostrum and early milk. Washed leucocytes from colostrum or milk were suspended
      in balanced salt solution containing 25% human serum and separated by
      discontinuous density gradient centrifugation over Lymphoprep (1.077 g/ml) and
      Nycodenz (1.070 g/ml). The cell fraction harvested from the interface between
      these two media contained a mean of 56% lymphocytes (9-92%), as compared to 5.6%
      (0-17%) in the unseparated samples, representing an average enrichment of 12.6
      fold. The percentage yield of lymphocytes ranged from 70 to 100%. Enriched
      preparations of lymphocytes from human colostrum and early milk should prove
      valuable in studies of the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in breast
      milk and could lead to more definitive studies of their functions in vitro.

PMID- 3873782
TI  - Raised serum immunoreactive trypsin in the haemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy
      syndrome.

PMID- 3873783
TI  - The PABA test as a measure of pancreatic function. Comparison with the secretin
      cholecystokinin test.

PMID- 3873784
TI  - Thallium tomography in the detection of myocardial perfusion defects.
AB  - Tomographic 201-Tl scintigrams (SPECT) were compared with conventional planar
      images (PLAN) in 100 consecutive patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD).
      Agreement was obtained in 78/100 and disagreement in 7/100. In 15 patients the
      results were equivocal. The sensitivity of PLAN and SPECT was studied in 35
      patients with IHD and angina pectoris who were also examined with coronary
      angiography. SPECT had a sensitivity of 88 per cent compared with 84 per cent for
      PLAN. SPECT was better in matching perfusion defects to coronary stenoses in this
      small patient group.

PMID- 3873785
TI  - A sustained effect of coronary bypass surgery in stable angina pectoris.
AB  - One hundred patients with angina pectoris were randomly allocated for medical
      therapy and bypass surgery in groups of 50 patients each. The effect of the
      respective therapies was assessed by annual exercise testing for up to five
      years. The surgical group was also studied by postoperative coronary angiograms
      at three weeks, one year and five years after the operation. The medical group
      was subjected to repeated coronary angiography five years after randomization.
      All of the variables depicting exercise tolerance were significantly improved in
      the surgical group but remained largely at the initial level in the medical
      group. A subgroup analysis of the surgical series revealed that the sustained
      improvement was largely confined to the completely revascularized subset of
      patients. The slowly increasing use of beta blocking compounds in the surgical
      group also contributed to the favourable results for bypass surgery.

PMID- 3873786
TI  - Preliminary investigations on the pharmacological control of catabolin-induced
      cartilage destruction in vitro.

PMID- 3873787
TI  - [Surface marker studies on the activated peripheral blood lymphocytes of Vogt
      Koyanagi-Harada's disease].

PMID- 3873788
TI  - Mammographic parenchymal patterns: value as a predictor of hormone dependency and
      survival in breast cancer.
AB  - The relation between the parenchymal pattern of the breasts as demonstrated on a
      mammogram and the estrogen-receptor status of the primary tumor in 337 patients
      with operable invasive breast cancer has been studied. These factors have also
      been correlated with the response to endocrine therapy in 92 patients who
      subsequently developed secondary disease. It has been shown that patients with a
      DY pattern are more likely to develop tumors that are estrogen-receptor (ER)
      positive (p = 0.01). Patients with secondary disease who have a DY pattern are
      more likely to respond to endocrine therapy (p = 0.001). The DY pattern has been
      shown to be at least as good an indicator of the probability of response to
      endocrine therapy as the estrogen-receptor status, and a combination of the two
      factors better than either taken singly. In a series of 141 postmenopausal women,
      the DY pattern, as determined at the time of mastectomy, was associated with
      significantly improved survival (p = 0.001). Mammographic parenchymal pattern
      could form the basis for selecting patients for endocrine therapy where no
      estrogen-receptor assay is available.

PMID- 3873789
TI  - Methodologic considerations in comparing imaging methods.
AB  - Current methods for evaluating and comparing imaging methods may be inadequate in
      several important aspects. Prospective investigations often fail to provide
      uniform conditions for data collection due to variable physician skills in
      performing the studies being evaluated. The double-blind format, although
      seemingly objective, is inherently unable to prevent the effects of examiner or
      observer prejudice when imaging methods are being compared. Commonly used
      statistical terms are limited in their ability to characterize the clinical
      efficacy of imaging methods, and are easily misused. Reference examinations, or
      "gold standards," may be used in a manner preordaining an inferior result for the
      diagnostic method under evaluation. These problems are discussed and examples of
      their effects are presented. Suggestions are presented for minimizing existing
      methodologic limitations.

PMID- 3873790
TI  - High-resolution surface-coil imaging of lumbar disk disease.
AB  - Seventeen patients with lumbar disk disease were studied using a prototype
      magnetic resonance (MR) surface coil. The high signal-to-noise ratio achieved
      with the surface coil permitted increases in spatial resolution to 0.9 X 0.9 mm
      in-plane resolution with 5 mm slice thickness. The surface coil was also
      compatible with multiplanar, multiecho imaging techniques. The spatial resolution
      achieved in this study was nearly equivalent to that achieved by state-of-the-art
      computed tomographic (CT) scanners, and MR showed a superior range of soft-tissue
      contrast. One significant limitation of MR was its inability to demonstrate small
      calcifications. Nevertheless, MR imaging provided diagnostic information
      comparable to CT or myelography in a completely noninvasive manner. With further
      technical advances, MR is likely to become the initial procedure of choice for
      evaluating patients with suspected lumbar disk disease.

PMID- 3873791
TI  - MR imaging of the spine after radiation therapy: easily recognizable effects.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the spine after radiation treatment in four
      patients demonstrated well defined areas of increased signal intensity in the
      vertebral bodies on short or T1-weighted sequences. Radiation doses of 4000-5790
      rad (40-57.9 Gy) were administered to the mediastinum, rectum, and spine. The
      interval between radiation treatment and MR imaging was 2 months to 10 years. The
      abnormally increased areas of signal intensity seen on MR images were best
      demonstrated in the midsagittal plane and were easily differentiated from
      involvement by tumor. The alteration in signal intensity probably was secondary
      to replacement of marrow by fatty tissue and corresponded closely with radiation
      therapy portals.

PMID- 3873792
TI  - Percutaneous lumbar diskectomy using a new aspiration probe.

PMID- 3873793
TI  - CT of pituitary abscess.

PMID- 3873794
TI  - MR evaluation of Chiari I malformations at 0.15 T.
AB  - Twelve patients with known or presumed Chiari I malformations and two with
      clinical diagnoses of multiple sclerosis were examined by magnetic resonance (MR)
      imaging. MR confirmed or established the diagnosis of Chiari I malformation in
      all 14 cases. The spin-echo technique with a short time to echo (TE = 40 msec)
      and a short time to recover (TR = 1000 msec) provided optimum imaging of
      tonsillar position, hydromyelia cavities, and cervicomedullary "kinking." Long TE
      (greater than 80 msec) and TR (greater than 2000 msec) increase the signal
      intensity of cerebrospinal fluid and may obscure the pathology. Sagittal,
      transaxial, and coronal images provided complementary data; sagittal and coronal
      views best imaged the abnormal spinal cord and tonsils, but slitlike cavities
      were best seen on transaxial images. Cervicomedullary kinking was found in 10
      (71%) of 14 patients and in 90% of the hydromyelic patients. This high incidence
      suggests that in other radiologic techniques tonsillar herniation masks the
      kinking. Symptoms of the Chiari I malformation overlap those of demyelinating
      diseases and brain tumors. Our early experience suggests MR is the preferred
      noninvasive procedure for identifying Chiari I malformation. Moreover, the
      ability to portray the variable cavity morphology of hydromyelia directly offers
      the potential for improved shunt placement.

PMID- 3873795
TI  - MR imaging of syringomyelia and hydromyelia.
AB  - The relative effectiveness of plain computed tomography (CT), metrizamide CT,
      conventional myelography, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was compared for
      the examination of cystic spinal cord lesions. Intramedullary cavities in 18
      patients were demonstrated by MR imaging: cavities were uncomplicated in 13
      patients, associated with spinal tumors in two, and studied after occipital
      craniectomy for treatment of Chiari malformation and syringomyelia in two.
      Cavities were shown by MR imaging in all enlarged spinal cords, but a cavity was
      shown in only one of four small cords. The rostral limits of the cavities were
      demonstrated better than were the caudal extensions. Ventricular communication
      was not demonstrated. Chiari malformation was shown only in cavities that did not
      involve the medulla. Syringes associated with tumor were indistinguishable from
      uncomplicated cavities, but the tumor had abnormal signal on long spin-echo
      sequences in two cases. Cystic cord tumor (one case) had an inhomogeneous
      appearance. Caudal displacement of the cerebellar hemisphere through the surgical
      defect associated with compression of the fourth ventricle was shown in two cases
      after posterior fossa craniectomy. Thirteen patients were studied with
      metrizamide CT also. MR imaging proved to be as accurate as metrizamide CT in the
      diagnosis of intramedullary cavities that result in spinal cord enlargement, but
      it was less sensitive in detecting cavities within normal-sized or diminished
      spinal cords. It had the advantage that tumor tissue could be distinguished from
      associated syrinx cavities by differences in signal characteristics; and
      cerebellar ectopia was evaluated easily on sagittal MR views.

PMID- 3873796
TI  - Exposure equalization radiography of the chest: clinical comparison of slit and
      raster scanning techniques.
AB  - Exposure equalization radiography systems with scanning slit and raster
      geometries were constructed and tested with 75 patients. The scanning
      equalization radiography (SER) technique uses a detector, placed behind the
      patient, connected in a feedback loop to a microprocessor-controlled x-ray
      source. The detector monitors the transmitted radiation, and in turn the x-ray
      output is varied to equalize the radiographic film density over the entire image.
      The clinical evaluation of these systems included 25 posteroanterior (PA) chest
      radiographs by an SER slit-geometry system (5.0-sec scan time), 25 PA chest
      radiographs by an SER raster-geometry system with an 8.8-sec scan time, and 25 PA
      chest radiographs by an SER raster-geometry system with a 4.7-sec scan time.
      These SER radiographs were compared to conventional radiographs of the same
      patients by two radiologists. The observers noted that the SER slit radiographs
      had seriously overexposed areas in 80% of instances, and that any potential gains
      from this system were offset by the overexposure problems. The radiographs
      obtained by the SER raster technique with a 4.7-sec scan time showed more uniform
      and adequate exposure in 80% of instances and better visualization of normal
      anatomic detail in the lung (52%) and mediastinum (84%) than conventional
      radiographs. The radiographs obtained by the SER raster technique with an 8.8-sec
      scan time showed fewer peripheral lung markings in 15 of 25 cases, presumably due
      to motion. In all other respects, the images were similar in quality to the SER
      raster 4.7-sec radiographs.

PMID- 3873797
TI  - CT evaluation of thoracic infections after major trauma.
AB  - Thirty-seven septic patients with major multisystem trauma were evaluated by
      computed tomography (CT) to identify possible thoracic sources of infection. CT
      was 72% accurate in the diagnosis of empyema and 95% accurate in the diagnosis of
      lung abscess. While CT proved useful in demonstrating these sites of thoracic
      infections in septic trauma victims, the presence of concurrent thoracic
      pathology, particularly loculated hemothorax or hemopneumothorax and traumatic
      lung cysts with hemorrhage or surrounding parenchymal consolidation, introduced
      sources of diagnostic error. CT also proved helpful in guiding appropriate
      revisions of malpositioned and occluded thoracostomy tubes.

PMID- 3873798
TI  - Percutaneous catheter drainage of pleural effusion and empyema.
AB  - Fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) was used in 38 patients
      to diagnose and/or treat pleural effusions (21), hemothorax (one), symptomatic
      malignant effusions (four), and empyemas (12). Fluoroscopic guidance combined
      with the use of a small needle, J-tip guide wire, and pigtail catheter made it
      possible to safely drain both free and loculated fluid collections, including
      areas with difficult access. In 11 of the 12 patients with empyema, the pus (or
      purulent fluid) was successfully drained using PCD. Two or more catheters were
      used in all but one patient. In four of the empyemas, PCD was used successfully
      after incomplete or unsuccessful chest tube drainage. In five, PCD was used as
      the sole means of drainage. In three patients, chest-tube drainage was used to
      drain residual (one) or recurrent (two) empyemas after PCD. The safety and
      relative ease of PCD makes it an attractive alternative method for closed
      drainage of pleural fluid collections.

PMID- 3873799
TI  - Pulmonary gangrene as a complication of mucormycosis.

PMID- 3873800
TI  - Esophageal lesions after total laryngectomy.
AB  - Clinical and endoscopic evaluation of the post-total laryngectomy patient with
      dysphagia may be limited by postoperative fibrosis or strictures. The barium
      esophagogram is a valuable adjunctive tool in further assessing these patients,
      as both functional and anatomic abnormalities can be evaluated. A 10-year
      retrospective review yielded 204 patients who had had total laryngectomies for
      squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx; 85 of these patients had postoperative
      barium esophagograms. Dysphagia was the chief complaint in 73 of these 85
      patients. The studies were reviewed for anatomic abnormalities of the surgically
      deformed pharynx (neopharynx) and the esophagus distal to it. While most patients
      (51%) with dysphagia had abnormalities in the neopharynx, 17 (23%) had
      abnormalities distal to the neopharynx; these included four esophageal carcinomas
      and 13 benign esophageal strictures. These results emphasize the importance of
      evaluating the entire esophagus and maintaining a high index of suspicion for
      distal esophageal disease in the total laryngectomy patient with dysphagia.

PMID- 3873801
TI  - Herpes esophagitis in an otherwise healthy patient.

PMID- 3873802
TI  - Filiform polyps of the esophagus with inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 3873803
TI  - The radiologic manifestations of failed antireflux operations.

PMID- 3873804
TI  - Small bowel xanthomatosis: radiologic-pathologic correlation.

PMID- 3873805
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of abscesses.
AB  - Ten patients with percutaneous biopsy or surgically proven abscesses were
      evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to describe the appearance of
      abscesses, define the capability of MRI to localize abscesses, and compare the
      capabilities of MRI and CT for the diagnosis and determination of the extent of
      an abscess. Comparative CT scans were available in six cases. The most common MRI
      finding was an abnormal area of low signal intensity, either homogeneous or
      heterogeneous, on the short repetition rate (500 msec TR) images with a relative
      increase in signal intensity on the longer repetition rate (1500 or 2000 msec TR)
      images. MRI demonstrated a more clear delineation of the extent of inflammatory
      changes than did CT, and MRI demonstrated the abscess as a collection distinct
      from surrounding structures on at least one repetition rate. Intravenous contrast
      medium was unnecessary with MRI to evaluate vasculature or to define the capsule
      around an abscess. With CT, unless an abscess contained air or was of low
      attenuation, it often blended with the surrounding structures and was difficult
      to differentiate from them. Surgical clips in the postoperative patient with an
      abscess did not degrade the MR images as often occurred with CT. This study
      describes the MRI appearance of abscess and indicates a potential value of the
      use of MRI to evaluate abscess outside the central nervous system and spine.

PMID- 3873806
TI  - CT in the diagnosis of enterovesical fistulae.
AB  - Enterovesical fistulae are difficult to demonstrate by conventional radiographic
      methods. Computed tomography (CT), a sensitive, noninvasive method of documenting
      the presence of such fistulae, is unique in its ability to outline the
      extravesical component of the primary disease process. Twenty enterovesical
      fistulae identified by CT were caused by diverticulitis (nine), carcinoma of the
      rectosigmoid (two), Crohn disease (three), gynecologic tumors (two), bladder
      cancer (one), cecal carcinoma (one), prostatic neoplasia (one), and appendiceal
      abscess (one). The CT findings included intravesical air (90%), passage of orally
      or rectally administered contrast medium into the bladder (20%), focal bladder
      wall thickening (90%), thickening of adjacent bowel wall (85%), and an
      extraluminal mass that often contained air (75%). The fistulae secondary to
      diverticulitis, rectosigmoid neoplasms, carcinoma of the bladder, and uterine
      tumors involved the left and/or posterior aspects of the bladder. Those form
      Crohn disease of the terminal ileum or cecal and appendiceal lesions implicated
      the right lateral or anterior aspects of the bladder. CT proved to be an
      important new method in the diagnosis of enterovesical fistulae.

PMID- 3873807
TI  - Lesions of the femoral neck in Legg-Perthes disease.
AB  - Focal destructive lesions of the femoral neck occur in some cases of Legg-Perthes
      disease and may indicate a potential for marked deformity when healing is
      complete. Moreover, interventional procedures may aggravate tendencies to final
      deformity. The lesions should not be confused with infectious or neoplastic
      destruction. Although their recognition began with the first descriptions of the
      disease, preoccupation with the changes in the femoral head has directed
      attention away from them. Five case reports and a review of the literature are
      presented, with emphasis on the radiographic appearance of these lesions.

PMID- 3873808
TI  - Fluoroscopic and arthrographic evaluation of carpal instability.
AB  - The efficacy of a diagnostic protocol involving videotape fluoroscopy of carpal
      motion and radiocarpal arthrography was evaluated in patients with wrist pain
      unexplained by physical examination and conventional radiographs. Videotape
      fluoroscopy was performed as the first study in 68 consecutive cases and was
      positive in 44 (66%). Radiocarpal arthrography was performed after videotape
      fluoroscopy in 39 of the cases (57%), including the 24 in which videotape
      fluoroscopy was normal and 15 others in which further information was desired in
      spite of positive videotape fluoroscopy. The addition of radiocarpal arthrography
      to videotape fluoroscopy increased the diagnostic yield to 52 (76%) of the 68
      cases and excluded significant anatomic or dynamic abnormality in the others. The
      diagnosis was proven surgically in 25 cases. This protocol was efficacious for
      ligament tears of the proximal carpal row, triangular fibrocartilage tears, and
      proximal and midcarpal instability. Videotape fluoroscopy should be the primary
      method of evaluating patients with unexplained wrist pain, and arthrography
      should be done in those cases in which fluoroscopy is either normal or does not
      fully explain physical findings.

PMID- 3873809
TI  - Soft-tissue chondromas.
AB  - Soft-tissue chondromas are benign, relatively rare lesions. The clinicopathologic
      and radiologic features in six cases are presented and the literature is
      reviewed. Five of six cases had calcifications. Peripheral curvilinear
      calcification was seen in two cases, multiple ringlike areas characteristic of
      cartilage in one, and discrete ossification in another. Histopathologically, they
      were diverse, ranging from an immature pattern with a preponderance of
      chondroblasts to a more mature form with chondrocytes. Although these lesions
      resemble a wide variety of other soft-tissue lesions, they can usually be
      differentiated by their small size, characteristic location in the extremities,
      the nature of their calcifications, and the histopathologic features. The
      importance of this lesion is that it is benign. It must be distinguished from
      more aggressive soft-tissue neoplasms such as soft-tissue chondrosarcoma so as to
      spare the patient unnecessary radical therapy.

PMID- 3873810
TI  - Splenic embolization for hypersplenism using steel coils.
AB  - Splenic embolization using steel coils was performed in 28 patients with
      hypersplenism caused by portal hypertension. The patients were classified
      according to the site of placement of the steel coils: In group 1 (six patients),
      it was the proximal splenic artery; in group 2 (10 patients), the distal splenic
      artery in the hilum of the spleen; in group 3 (12 patients), the intrasplenic
      branches of the splenic artery. Platelet counts increased in 27 (96%) of 28
      patients within 1 month after embolization; the mean platelet counts at 1 year
      after treatment were higher than before the procedure in all groups. In group 3,
      excellent increases in platelet counts were obtained both as short- and long-term
      results of embolization; however, minor complications lasted longer than in the
      other two groups. No serious complications resulted from this procedure. Splenic
      embolization using steel coils is a valuable alternative to splenectomy in
      patients with hypersplenism.

PMID- 3873811
TI  - Ultrasonic lithotripsy of retained common-bile-duct stone.

PMID- 3873812
TI  - A new coaxial introducer system for percutaneous drainage.

PMID- 3873813
TI  - Hexabrix as a contrast agent for ascending leg phlebography.
AB  - Fifty patients were analyzed after a randomized double-blind study comparing
      Hexabrix and Hexabrix-20 in ascending phlebography. Measures of safety and
      patient tolerance indicated that both concentrations of Hexabrix appeared safe
      and were well tolerated. All studies were diagnostic, and the image quality was
      rated as excellent in 80% of the Hexabrix group and 72% of the Hexabrix-20 group.
      The authors conclude that Hexabrix and Hexabrix-20 are acceptable contrast media
      for ascending phlebography.

PMID- 3873814
TI  - Tongue necrosis after intraarterial vasopressin therapy.

PMID- 3873815
TI  - Common hepatic artery aneurysm: pseudopseudocyst of the pancreas.

PMID- 3873816
TI  - Production of text and graphics slides on a personal computer.

PMID- 3873817
TI  - Stone removal basket.

PMID- 3873818
TI  - Hepatic interlobar fissure.

PMID- 3873819
TI  - Value of ventilation-perfusion scanning.

PMID- 3873820
TI  - Film salvage using digital processing.

PMID- 3873821
TI  - Hypersensitivity reaction to barium suspension.

PMID- 3873822
TI  - Lung biopsy in rounded atelectasis.

PMID- 3873823
TI  - All-digital film archive.

PMID- 3873824
TI  - Sensitivity of MRI vs. CT for neuroimaging.

PMID- 3873825
TI  - Medi-Tech introduction set.

PMID- 3873826
TI  - The reprint game.

PMID- 3873827
TI  - Technical refinements in percutaneous nephroureterolithotomy.
AB  - Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy and ureterolithotomy is now widely accepted as
      the preferred method of managing symptomatic upper urinary tract calculi. The
      success of these procedures depends on an optimally oriented, percutaneously
      established nephrocutaneous track. These nephrostomies are often technically
      difficult if the collecting system is unobstructed or if calculi interfere with
      percutaneous manipulations. Several technical refinements have been developed
      that have aided in the performance of over 200 such nephrostomies as well as
      percutaneous ureterolithotomy. These include the use of externally applied
      abdominal compression to distend the collecting system after intravenous
      administration of contrast material for renal puncture, distend the ureter beyond
      an obstructing ureteral calculus to aid in percutaneous extraction, and relocate
      ptotic kidneys back into the renal fossa to optimize renal access; targeting on
      an opaque caliceal calculus for nephrostomy puncture; use of a saline flush to
      confirm proper nephrostomy needle placement; and an accelerated method of track
      dilatation with semirigid fascial dilators. The value of air as contrast for
      postprocedural nephrostography is also discussed.

PMID- 3873828
TI  - Percutaneous removal of small ureteral calculi.
AB  - Percutaneous renal and ureteral stone removal procedures are widely practiced. A
      new technique is described for removal of small symptomatic ureteral calculi
      using small (less than or equal to 14 French) tearable sheaths and standard stone
      retrieval baskets placed through acute percutaneous nephrostomy tracks. This
      fluoroscopically-guided technique was successful in 60 of 64 patients, who ranged
      from 16 to 88 years old. Subsequent endoscopic percutaneous calculus removal was
      successful in the four failures. The use of these small sheaths over previously
      described large tracks has produced no major complications, short hospital stays,
      and minimal patient disability.

PMID- 3873829
TI  - Fine-needle aspiration of catecholamine-producing adrenal masses: a possibly
      fatal mistake.

PMID- 3873830
TI  - Hepatic embolization from the common hepatic artery using balloon occlusion
      technique.

PMID- 3873832
TI  - Computed tomography of the calcaneus: normal anatomy.
AB  - The normal sectional anatomy of the calcaneus was studied as the background for
      interpretation of computed tomography (CT) of fractures. Multiplanar CT
      examination of the normal calcaneus was obtained, and sections were matched with
      a simplified anatomic model. Sectional anatomy in the four most important planes
      is described. This facilitates three-dimensional understanding of the calcaneus
      from sections and interpretation of CT sections obtained in any atypical plane.

PMID- 3873831
TI  - Cystic adventitial degeneration of the popliteal artery: CT demonstration and
      directed percutaneous therapy.

PMID- 3873833
TI  - Computed tomography of calcaneal fractures.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) of 25 fractured calcanei was performed to investigate
      the potential of CT in evaluating the pattern and biomechanics of these
      fractures. The characteristic findings of typical fractures are presented,
      including the number and type of principal fragments, size and dislocation of the
      sustentacular fragment, and involvement of the anterior and posterior facets of
      the subtalar joint. In 17 cases, the calcaneus consisted of four or more
      fragments. Furthermore, in 17 cases the sustentacular fragment included all or
      part of the posterior facet joint. In 18 of the 25 cases, the sustentacular
      fragment was displaced. It is concluded that well performed CT is an invaluable
      adjunct in understanding the fracture mechanism and in detecting pain-provoking
      impingement between the fibular malleolus and the tuberosity fragment. CT
      analysis can provide the orthopedic surgeon with comprehensive information on
      which to base decisions regarding surgical/nonsurgical treatment as well as
      surgical approach and technique.

PMID- 3873834
TI  - A comparison of Hexabrix and Renografin-60 in knee arthrography.
AB  - Forty patients were randomized in a double-blind study to compare the safety and
      diagnostic quality of Hexabrix vs. Renografin-60 without epinephrine in knee
      arthrography. Hexabrix is a monoacidic dimer of meglumine and sodium salts of
      ioxaglic acid with a lower osmolality than conventional contrast agents of
      similar concentration (32% iodine). Initial films were of equally high diagnostic
      quality for both groups, but delayed films at 20 and 30 min significantly favored
      Hexabrix for diagnostic quality. Hexabrix proved to be a safe and effective
      contrast agent for knee arthrography.

PMID- 3873835
TI  - Sacrococcygeal chordoma: magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was compared to computed tomography (CT) in four
      cases of sacrococcygeal chordoma. Both techniques yielded important anatomic
      information and represented important advances over early radiologic imaging
      methods. MRI provides superior contrast with surrounding soft tissues because of
      the prolonged T1 and T2 times of the tumors. This was especially important in a
      case of recurrent chordoma. The direct sagittal images obtained by MRI were
      valuable in determining the extent of lesions. Either MRI or direct CT coronal
      images were needed for the demonstration of tumor involving the sacral nerve
      roots. It was not possible to reliably distinguish between tumor adherent to
      bowel wall and bowel wall invasion by either technique. It is concluded that MRI
      is at least equal to CT for demonstration of these lesions and seems likely to
      become the imaging method of choice.

PMID- 3873836
TI  - Volume measurements of normal orbital structures by computed tomographic
      analysis.
AB  - Computed tomographic digital data and special off-line computer graphic analysis
      were used to measure volumes of normal orbital soft tissue, extraocular muscle,
      orbital fat, and total bony orbit in vivo in 29 patients (58 orbits). The upper
      limits of normal for adult bony orbit, soft tissue exclusive of the globe,
      orbital fat, and muscle are 30.1 cm3, 20.0 cm3, 14.4 cm3, and 6.5 cm3,
      respectively. There are small differences in men as a group compared with women
      but minimal difference between right and left orbits in the same person. The
      accuracy of the techniques was established at 7%-8% for these orbit structural
      volumes in physical phantoms and in simulated silicone orbit phantoms in dry
      skulls. Mean values and upper limits of normal for volumes were determined in
      adult orbital structures for future comparison with changes due to endocrine
      ophthalmopathy, trauma, and congenital deformity.

PMID- 3873837
TI  - Subcarinal lymph node enlargement: radiographic findings and CT correlation.
AB  - Detection of subcarinal lymph node enlargement on the posteroanterior chest
      radiograph was assessed in 90 patients who also had computed tomography (CT).
      Sixty of the 90 patients had normal-sized and 30 had enlarged (greater than 15 mm
      diameter) subcarinal lymph nodes on CT. An abnormality in the contour of the
      azygoesophageal recess interface was present on plain radiographs in only 23% of
      patients with lymphadenopathy; increased subcarinal opacity was present in 40%.
      The external surface of the medial wall of the right main-stem bronchus and
      bronchus intermedius was visible in 87% of patients with normal-sized lymph nodes
      but in only 27% of patients with lymphadenopathy. CT showed that the medial wall
      of the right main-stem and intermediate bronchi normally is delineated laterally
      by air within the bronchus and medially by lung or subcarinal fat.
      Nonvisualization may be due to replacement of lung or fat by enlarged nodes or
      tumor and may be helpful in assessing patients with suspected subcarinal
      adenopathy.

PMID- 3873838
TI  - Neonatal periventricular leukomalacia: real-time sonographic diagnosis with CT
      correlation.
AB  - The utility of real-time sonography in the diagnosis of neonatal periventricular
      leukomalacia (PVL) has been described only recently. Six cases are reported of
      PVL diagnosed by serial real-time scanning. The sonographic findings were
      correlated with the computed tomographic findings and the clinical history. In
      five of six infants in whom scanning was performed, characteristic multiseptated
      periventricular cavitations developed 2-3 weeks after birth or later. A
      transition from normal to increased periventricular echogenicity was often
      observed before the development of the periventricular cavitations in
      nonhemorrhagic PVL. The parenchymal abnormality demonstrated by sonography
      correlated well with an abnormal neurologic outcome. It is suggested that serial
      real-time scanning be performed in neonates whose history suggests the
      possibility of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Nonspecific predictors of PVL
      include seizures, apnea, disturbed mental status, abnormal muscle tone, and leg
      weakness.

PMID- 3873839
TI  - Cranial sonography of the infant treated with extracorporeal membrane
      oxygenation.
AB  - Neonates with severe but reversible pulmonary disease may require therapy beyond
      conventional ventilatory care. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) serves
      as a temporary artificial lung for such infants. Since anticoagulation with
      systemic heparin is required in the extracorporeal circuit, antecedent hemorrhage
      may be exacerbated or new hemorrhage precipitated in ECMO patients. While the
      "usual" periventricular/intraventricular hemorrhage seen in a premature infant
      may develop, contrasting hemorrhages of unusual extent, uncommon location, or
      demonstrating unique alterations in internal sonographic character may be
      precipitated, presumably due to the requisite anticoagulation. Representative
      examples of such variations are presented along with guidelines for the use of
      cranial sonography in selecting and monitoring ECMO patients.

PMID- 3873840
TI  - Sonographic recognition of agenesis of the corpus callosum.
AB  - Agenesis of the corpus callosum may be diagnosed successfully in vivo when
      sonograms demonstrate absence of corpus callosum; absence of pericallosal and
      cingulate sulci; "sunburst" pattern of sulci along the medial surface of the
      hemisphere; wide interhemispheric fissure; elevation of the third ventricle;
      small, laterally positioned frontal horns with concave medial borders; large,
      laterally positioned and inverted cingulate gyri; and Probst lateral callosal
      bundles. Comparison of necropsy specimens with sonograms from eight patients with
      callosal agenesis illustrates the anatomic basis for these diagnostic features.

PMID- 3873841
TI  - Intradural spinal lipoma of the cervical cord.

PMID- 3873842
TI  - Automated radiographic report generation using barcode technology.
AB  - Barcode reporting is a method of automated report preparation made possible by
      advancing computer technology, which may improve radiographic services and reduce
      their costs. This reporting method for normal examinations in a hospital-based
      radiology practice has been well accepted by radiology staff and has encouraged
      further applications. A free-text barcode system for reporting mammographic
      examinations subsequently has been developed and has further reduced dependency
      on transcription services, with little or no increase in radiologist's workload.
      Most radiologists in the department with the system believe it has had a positive
      impact on radiographic services, and almost two-thirds of them would consider
      using this kind of reporting system in a private-practice setting.

PMID- 3873843
TI  - The practical value of computer literacy: 1. For the purchase of imaging
      equipment.

PMID- 3873844
TI  - Chemical shift artifact in clinical magnetic resonance images at 0.35 T.
AB  - A thin, low-intensity line, which partially surrounds many structures on magnetic
      resonance imaging (MRI), is an artifact due to the phenomenon of chemical shift
      and should not be mistaken for a normal or abnormal morphologic structure. This
      artifact can be recognized by its characteristic appearance perpendicular to the
      direction of the frequency-encoding gradient at the interface of tissues with
      different chemical shift properties. Confinement within or extension beyond this
      thin, low-intensity line cannot be used as a criterion for staging neoplasms.
      Once recognized, the chemical shift artifact should not impede the use of MRI for
      clinical imaging at 0.35 T.

PMID- 3873845
TI  - Transferring MR images to radiotherapy localization films.

PMID- 3873846
TI  - The truth about false aneurysms.

PMID- 3873847
TI  - Compartmentalized swelling in hand and wrist trauma.

PMID- 3873848
TI  - Comparison of gated cardiac MRI and 2D echocardiography of intracardiac
      neoplasms.
AB  - The gross diagnostic factors of intracardiac tumor in four patients imaged by two
      dimensional echocardiography (2D echo) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were
      compared. Three cases had left and one had a right atrial tumor, all
      histologically identified as myxoma. Gated cardiac MRI depicted the size, shape,
      and surface characteristics of the tumors more clearly than 2D echo, because MRI
      provides better spatial and contrast resolution. Depiction of tumor attachment
      was poor to good with both techniques. Both techniques were highly accurate in
      localizing the tumor and displaying whether it was fixed or mobile. The global
      field of view provided by MRI allows better definition of tumor prolapse,
      secondary valvular obstruction, and cardiac chamber size. This study shows that
      despite its early stage of development, gated cardiac MRI provides superior image
      quality and is complementary to 2D echo for characterization and diagnosis of
      intracardiac tumor.

PMID- 3873849
TI  - Multiphasic cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: normal regional left ventricular
      wall thickening.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a completely noninvasive method for
      visualizing cardiovascular anatomy but has had limited use for assessment of
      cardiac function. The authors evaluated the use of gated MRI for the
      quantification of regional myocardial contraction. Nine normal subjects underwent
      gated MRI of five transverse sections (7 mm thickness) through the left ventricle
      at five intervals in the cardiac cycle using a new technique called rotating
      gated sequence. All five sections were examined, and the section that best
      demonstrated the midportion of the left ventricle in its maximum dimension was
      used to obtain measurement. This technique permitted assessment of regional wall
      thickening of various regions of the left ventricle in different phases of the
      cardiac cycle. The extent and percentage of wall thickening were calculated from
      measurements of the septum and anterior and lateral left ventricular wall in end
      diastole and end-systole. The calculated mean values for extent and percentage of
      wall thickening for the septum were 0.40 cm and 40%; for the anterior wall, 0.61
      cm and 73%; and for the lateral wall, 0.53 cm and 57%, respectively. A limitation
      of the current technique in wall thickness measurements is that the transverse MR
      plane of section is not perpendicular to the long axis of the left ventricle.
      Consequently, such oblique sections through the left ventricle may give
      inaccurate absolute wall thickness measurements but can provide reliable estimate
      of regional wall thickening dynamics. The ability to define left ventricular wall
      thickness and function without contrast media provides a noninvasive technique
      for the detection of segmental left ventricular myocardial dysfunction in
      ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 3873850
TI  - Right atrial appendage pacing: radiographic considerations.
AB  - Transvenous pacing accomplished from the right atrial appendage, either alone or
      in combination with right ventricular pacing, is becoming increasingly popular
      for selected patients in whom the contribution of atrial systole is advantageous.
      On the frontal chest radiograph, the pacemaker is seen to terminate over the
      right upper heart border, often seeming to turn abruptly cephalad. On the lateral
      radiograph, the lead follows a smooth, smooth, anterior curve in the midportion
      of the heart with its tip angled cephalad into the right atrial appendage.
      Complications associated with the use of this form of transvenous pacing are
      similar to those seen with other transvenous pacemakers; in addition, the
      catheter may be positioned inadvertently in the body of the right atrium,
      resulting in less effective atrial pacing.

PMID- 3873851
TI  - Cine CT technique for dynamic airway studies.

PMID- 3873852
TI  - Fatal hemoptysis resulting from erosion of a pulmonary artery in cavitary
      sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3873853
TI  - CT evaluation of empyema in the postpneumonectomy space.

PMID- 3873854
TI  - Barrett carcinoma of the esophagus: clinical and radiographic analysis of 34
      cases.
AB  - Review of 34 cases of pathologically proved Barrett-type adenocarcinoma of the
      esophagus seen at the University of Michigan during 1962-1983 revealed that it
      constituted 5% of all carcinomas of the esophagus and 20% of all adenocarcinomas
      involving the esophagus during that period. Despite many similarities to
      conventional squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac carcinoma, certain
      distinguishing features were identified. Radiologically, diagnosis of Barrett
      carcinoma should be suggested when a patient with a longstanding history of
      gastroesophageal reflux, chronic esophagitis, and hiatus hernia with or without
      features of Barrett esophagus demonstrates a long vertical segment of esophageal
      involvement by an infiltrating or varicoid-appearing lesion. This review analyzes
      the clinical and radiologic distinguishing features of Barrett carcinoma and
      compares those of gastric cardiac carcinoma and conventional squamous cell
      carcinoma of the esophagus.

PMID- 3873855
TI  - Feasibility of double-contrast barium enema in the elderly.
AB  - In order to evaluate the feasibility of performing double-contrast barium enemas
      in the elderly, a consecutive series of 310 patients above 60 years of age
      referred for barium enema examinations was analyzed relative to the rate of
      successful studies. There was an overall success rate of 94.8%. There was a 99%
      success rate in patients in the seventh decade, 94.9% in the eighth decade, and a
      90% success rate in patients 80 years and over. A conclusion is reached that the
      double-contrast barium enema examination is feasible in the elderly.

PMID- 3873856
TI  - Radiographic evaluation of the Garren gastric bubble.

PMID- 3873857
TI  - Experimental evaluation of iosefamate meglumine and its derivatives as
      hepatobiliary CT contrast agents.
AB  - Iosefamate meglumine has attracted attention as a possible hepatobiliary contrast
      agent for CT scanning. However, its limited hepatic opacification has prevented
      clinical acceptance. To find a more efficient agent, the efficacy and toxicity of
      six derivatives of iosefamate were compared with those of the parent compound in
      dogs. Twenty dogs received intravenous doses ranging from 150 to 600 mg I/kg of
      one of these seven water-soluble, ionic, dimeric agents. Three control animals
      received equivalent amounts of physiologic saline. The CT densities of liver,
      biliary tract, kidneys, and blood were then measured for up to 3 hr. Toxicity
      tests of liver and kidney function were performed for up to 3 days. Among the new
      agents, only MI-294, a previously unreported compound, proved to be a slightly
      more efficient hepatic opacifier than iosefamate (0.40 vs. 0.34 H per mg I/kg,
      respectively). MI-294 was also the least toxic. However, transient abnormalities
      in at least one liver function test were observed with every agent at some dose
      level. One animal died with hepatic necrosis after receiving iosefamate. No renal
      impairment was noted in any case. MI-294 has advantages over iosefamate as a CT
      liver and biliary opacifier in dogs. Potential hepatotoxicity of this class of
      agents needs to be more fully evaluated.

PMID- 3873858
TI  - Hepatic hemangioma: atypical appearance.

PMID- 3873859
TI  - Nodular focal fatty infiltration of the liver: CT appearance.

PMID- 3873860
TI  - Computed tomography of retrocrural spaces: normal, anatomic variants, and
      pathologic conditions.

PMID- 3873861
TI  - CT of retrorenal fluid collections.

PMID- 3873862
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of mediastinal and hilar masses: comparison with CT.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was compared to computed tomography (CT) of the
      mediastinum and/or hila in 37 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma (35
      unresectable for cure) and 11 patients with other masses. Spin-echo pulse
      sequences using a short pulse repetition rate (TR) and short echo delay (TE) were
      most helpful for detection of abnormal soft-tissue mediastinal and hilar masses.
      The accuracy of MRI and CT in staging bronchogenic carcinoma for curative
      resectability/nonresectability was comparable. CT staged 35 of 37 cases
      appropriately, while MRI correctly staged 36 of 37 cases. Several pitfalls in MRI
      evaluation of the mediastinum were identified. By MRI the esophagus may be
      misinterpreted as an enlarged retrotracheal lymph node unless serial scans are
      studied. Scattered calcifications in enlarged mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes
      due to old granulomatous disease are not detectable by MRI. Small adjacent lymph
      nodes shown individually by CT may appear as a single enlarged lymph node by MRI
      due to partial-volume averaging. Small lung nodules may be undetected by MRI due
      to respiratory motion and partial-volume averaging. Certain patients are
      unsuitable for MR scanning. Because of the requirement for patient selection and
      the identified pitfalls of MRI, CT remains the radiologic procedure of choice in
      the staging of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma and the evaluation of other
      mediastinal and hilar masses at present. However, because of the ability to show
      blood vessels without an intravascular contrast agent, MRI is useful in
      evaluating patients with potential contrast allergy and solving diagnostic
      problems not solved by CT.

PMID- 3873863
TI  - Use of the Rotex needle in percutaneous biopsy of pulmonary malignancy.
AB  - When the characteristics of 30 biopsy needles were reviewed in a recent study
      using cadaveric liver tissue, the Rotex needle was judged to yield notable crush
      artifact, poor histologic preservation, and small sample specimens. In the
      current review of the Rotex needle in percutaneous lung biopsy in 121 patients,
      the authors report 98% sensitivity for the presence of malignancy and 94%
      specificity for the absence of malignancy. Although the Rotex needle has shown
      poor results in liver substrate studies, it proved more than adequate for
      obtaining lung tissue and a subsequent diagnosis of pulmonary malignancy. This
      apparent contradiction is explained by the fact that the diagnosis of lung
      malignancy can be made from cytopathologic material and does not require
      histologic specimens in most cases.

PMID- 3873864
TI  - Determination of left ventricular "area at risk" with high-resolution single
      photon emission computerized tomography in experimental coronary occlusion.

PMID- 3873865
TI  - Relationship between myocardial perfusion and function following coronary reflow
      in the canine heart using single photon emission computed tomography and two
      dimensional echocardiography.

PMID- 3873866
TI  - Safety of acute calcium antagonist withdrawal: studies in patients with unstable
      angina withdrawn from nifedipine.
AB  - The acute effects of nifedipine withdrawal were studied in 81 patients with
      angina at rest who had completed a prospective, double-blind, randomized trial of
      nifedipine versus placebo. Thirty-nine of the 81 patients (group 1) were
      withdrawn from nifedipine or placebo at the time of coronary artery bypass
      surgery for uncontrolled angina or left main coronary artery disease. When the
      patients withdrawn from nifedipine were compared with those withdrawn from
      placebo, no significant differences were seen in the incidence of hypotension,
      myocardial infarction, significant arrhythmias or vasopressor or vasodilator
      requirements during the perioperative period. Forty-two patients (group 2)
      completed 2 years on a protocol consisting of nitrates and propranolol, in
      addition to nifedipine or placebo. These patients were hospitalized for a
      controlled withdrawal of the study drug (nifedipine or placebo), and no
      significant difference was noted in either exercise performance on serial
      treadmill testing or the number or duration of episodes of ischemic ST-segment
      changes during continuous electrocardiographic monitoring. Eight patients
      continued to experience occasional episodes of angina at rest. Angina at rest
      recurred during the withdrawal period in 5 of these 8 patients. Four of these 5
      patients were withdrawn from nifedipine. Of the 34 stable patients in group 2 who
      were not experiencing angina at rest before withdrawal, none had angina at rest
      during the withdrawal study period. Thus, there were no early untoward effects of
      acute nifedipine withdrawal either in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery
      or in stable patients on long-term medical therapy. However, patients with
      persistent symptoms of angina at rest may experience early recurrent ischemia
      upon withdrawal from nifedipine.

PMID- 3873867
TI  - Electrophysiologic and antiarrhythmic actions of bepridil. Comparison with
      verapamil and ajmaline for atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia.
AB  - Bepridil (2 mg/kg intravenously) was given to 20 patients with atrioventricular
      (AV) reentrant tachycardia and its effects were compared with those of verapamil
      (0.15 mg/kg intravenously) in 8 patients and ajmaline (0.75 mg/kg intravenously)
      in 12. After baseline electrophysiologic measurements, the drugs were given
      during sustained AV reentrant tachycardia (8 patients had dual AV nodal pathways
      and 12 had an accessory AV pathway). Verapamil terminated AV reentrant
      tachycardia in 7 patients and bepridil terminated it in 6. In 8 of the patients
      who received ajmaline, AV reentrant tachycardia was terminated and in 6 of this
      group bepridil did so. Bepridil was more successful in terminating AV reentrant
      tachycardia in those with dual AV nodal pathways than in those with an accessory
      AV pathway. Bepridil slowed sinus rate by 10% (p less than 0.0001), whereas
      verapamil did not change it significantly. Both verapamil and bepridil
      administration prolonged AV nodal conduction (39% and 44%, respectively),
      lengthened AV nodal effective refractory period (18% and 17% respectively) and
      increased the Wenckebach cycle length of the AV node (24% and 25%, respectively)
      to a significant degree (p less than 0.05). Bepridil also lengthened atrial and
      ventricular effective refractory periods (p less than 0.01) and QT interval (p
      less than 0.0001) in the group as a whole; in those receiving ajmaline and
      bepridil only atrial refractoriness was significantly altered (p less than 0.05).
      After treatment for 3 to 5 days with oral bepridil, 19 patients underwent repeat
      study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3873868
TI  - Electrophysiologic, hemodynamic and metabolic effects of intravenous bepridil
      hydrochloride.
AB  - Bepridil, a fast and slow channel blocking drug, was administered intravenously
      over 5 minutes in a dose of 3 mg/kg body weight to 19 patients. Ten patients
      received intravenous bepridil during electrophysiologic study, performed for the
      investigation of known or suspected cardiac arrhythmias. Sinus cycle length
      increase from 764 +/- 56 to 886 +/- 62 ms (p less than 0.002). AH interval
      increased from 101 +/- 6.9 to 137 +/- 11.9 ms (p less than 0.01). HV and QRS
      durations were not significantly affected. QTc interval increased from 395 +/- 13
      to 423 +/- 13 ms (p less than 0.001). Atrial effective refractory period
      increased from 211 +/- 8 to 242 +/- 8.7 ms (p less than 0.005), and
      atrioventricular nodal effective refractory period increased from 299 +/- 26 to
      366 +/- 30 ms (p less than 0.02). Right ventricular effective refractory period
      increased from 233 +/- 9.3 to 259 +/- 8.1 ms (p less than 0.001). In an
      additional 9 patients with coronary artery disease, a hemodynamic and metabolic
      study was performed. A transient mean decrease dP/dt max from 1,646 +/- 164 to
      1,506 +/- 238 mm Hg/s (p less than 0.05) and a mean increase of 2.6 mm Hg (p less
      than 0.05) in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure were observed. Both values
      had returned to control levels 15 minutes after drug infusion. Blood pressure,
      cardiac output, coronary sinus blood flow and myocardial lactate extraction ratio
      did not change significantly. This profile of powerful electrophysiologic and
      minor hemodynamic changes indicates a potentially useful role for bepridil in the
      acute management of supraventricular arrhythmias and, possibly, ventricular
      arrhythmias.

PMID- 3873869
TI  - Immunologic evaluation in the nutritional assessment of children with cancer.
AB  - Eighty-one newly diagnosed untreated pediatric cancer patients (48 hematopoeitic
      malignancies, 17 solid tumors, 16 benign diseases) were evaluated with
      immunologic and nutritional parameters. The mean absolute lymphocyte count was
      adequate in the three groups. Reduced T-lymphocytes were seen in the solid
      tumors. Mitogenic response of hematopoietic and solid tumor patients' lymphocytes
      was low. Correlation of immunologic, dietary, and nutritional factors showed that
      for patients with solid tumors there was a positive significant correlation
      between weight/height percent and lymphocyte reactivity to phytohemagglutinin,
      concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen (p less than .05). Iron intake showed a
      significant positive correlation with in vitro mitogen reactivity for the solid
      tumor group (p less than .05) and benign diseases (p less than 0.01). Immune
      derangements found among patients with hematopoietic malignancies can be due to
      replacement of normal bone marrow with malignant cells. In solid tumor patients
      mitogen reactivity appears to be a reflection of nutritional state, and dietary
      iron is a possible factor.

PMID- 3873870
TI  - Spontaneous intramural gastric hematoma: a unique presentation for hemophilia.
AB  - Intramural gastrointestinal hemorrhage is a recognized complication of trauma,
      anticoagulant therapy, and bleeding diatheses. Despite a recent increase in
      reporting of unusual cases of this entity, spontaneous intramural bleeding in the
      hemophiliac is uncommon, and occurrence in the stomach is very rare. We describe
      herein what to our knowledge is the first reported case of spontaneous intramural
      gastric hematoma as the presentation of previously unsuspected hemophilia and
      diagnosed radiographically. A brief description of this unusual complication, its
      radiographic appearance, and a review of relevant literature is provided.

PMID- 3873871
TI  - Carbapenems: special properties contributing to their activity.
AB  - Imipenem is a beta-lactam antibiotic that inhibits most clinical isolates of
      staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and streptococci, excluding enterococci, at 1
      microgram/ml or less. Resistance can develop in methicillin-resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens, albeit
      infrequently. Pseudomonas maltophilia is intrinsically resistant to imipenem.
      Many strains of Enterobacter cloacae, Clostridium freundii, and S. marcescens
      resistant to the aminothiazolyl cephalosporins are susceptible to imipenem, but
      tend to have higher minimal inhibitory concentrations. In general, imipenem
      inhibits organisms resistant to other beta-lactams and aminoglycosides. Imipenem
      binds to PBP-2 and rapidly kills most bacteria which it inhibits. Imipenem is
      highly stable against attack by beta-lactamases of both plasmid and chromosomal
      origin, and is more stable by several thousand-fold than earlier beta-lactamase
      stable compounds. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of beta-lactamases. Imipenem
      does induce beta-lactamases, but the activity of imipenem against isolates
      containing induced beta-lactamases is not decreased and it appears not to be
      susceptible to the trapping that occurs with some of the cephalosporins. Imipenem
      acts synergistically with aminoglycosides against a wide variety of bacteria, but
      this is most readily demonstrated for Streptococcus faecalis, S. aureus, and P.
      aeruginosa organisms which show a difference between inhibition and killing.
      Overall, the excellent activity of imipenem is the result of (1) the lack of a
      permeability barrier; (2) high affinity for PBP-2, a critical protein in cell
      wall synthesis in gram-negative bacteria, and for critical penicillin-binding
      proteins of gram-positive species; and, above all, (3) its great beta-lactamase
      stability.

PMID- 3873872
TI  - Vaginitis.
AB  - Vaginitis is one of the most common complaints of women in the United States
      today. About 90% of patients with this problem suffer from infection of the
      vagina caused by Candida, Gardnerella, or Trichomonas. The diagnosis and
      effective treatment of these common infections depend on accurate identification
      of the entity, effective specific therapy, and restoration of the normal
      ecosystem of the vagina. At the same time women should be made aware that not all
      discharge means infection and that any attempts at self-treatment may only worsen
      their condition. Proper hygiene habits, dietary control, and management of stress
      are all helpful factors in the control of recurrent vaginal infections.

PMID- 3873873
TI  - The surgical management of dislocated traumatic cataracts.
AB  - Seven adult patients (six men and one woman, ranging in age from 50 to 83 years)
      underwent intracapsular cataract surgery for dislocated traumatic cataracts. Six
      of the seven also had anterior vitrectomies. All seven patients had preoperative
      visual acuities of counting fingers or worse. There were no serious postoperative
      complications and five of the patients had postoperative visual acuities of 20/60
      or better. Visual acuity improved less in the other two patients because of pre
      existing but unrecognized macular disease.

PMID- 3873874
TI  - Treatment of Nocardia keratitis with topical trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

PMID- 3873875
TI  - Fibrin tissue adhesive and glass ceramic strut for ossicular chain replacement.
      Electrophysiologic and histologic findings.
AB  - The tolerance of the inner ear to fibrin tissue adhesive was tested. In
      experimental surgery on thirty-four chinchilla ears, Fibrin Sealant was applied
      to the inner ear contents by closing the oval window with a connective tissue
      graft dipped in the adhesive and gluing a Macor glass ceramic strut between this
      graft and tympanic membrane. No inner ear changes or tissue damage were found.
      The loss in auditory sensitivity monitored by auditory brain stem response
      thresholds was commensurate with the amount of loss to be expected with ossicular
      chain replacement. The findings suggest that this tissue glue can be safely
      applied to the labyrinth.

PMID- 3873876
TI  - Otoneurological examination in panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks:
      a pilot study.
AB  - A battery of vestibular and audiological tests was administered to eight patients
      with panic disorder and 13 patients with agoraphobia and panic attacks, all of
      whom experienced dizziness during their panic attacks. Positional or spontaneous
      nystagmus was present in 67% of the subjects. Abnormal responses were found in
      caloric testing (56%), rotational testing (35%), and posturography (32%). Pure
      tone audiograms were abnormal in 26% of the subjects and acoustic reflexes were
      abnormal in 44% of the subjects. Six of eight patients tested had an abnormal
      brainstem auditory evoked potential. The possible importance of the findings and
      their implications for further research are discussed.

PMID- 3873877
TI  - Effect of betamethasone on the dual reaction to anti-human IgE in man: influence
      of time interval between administration of drug and anti-IgE.
AB  - The influence of the time interval between administration of a glucocorticoid,
      betamethasone, and anti-IgE on the effect of the drug on the early and late phase
      response (LPR) to anti-IgE was examined in 38 volunteers in a randomized
      controlled study. The immediate flare and wheal responses to intradermally (i.d.)
      injected anti-IgE were inhibited by approximately 20 and 30% respectively by a 10
      day i.d. pretreatment period with repeated 50 micrograms doses (total 300
      micrograms) of betamethasone (P less than 0.01), whereas responses to histamine
      were not influenced. A single i.d. injection of 50 micrograms betamethasone 24 h
      prior to anti-IgE challenge attenuated the wheal response (P less than 0.05),
      whereas injection of the drug 2 h prior to and together with anti-IgE had no
      influence on the early response. Corresponding LPRs were reduced approximately
      30% throughout the observation period of 1-24 h (P less than 0.01). Injecting the
      drug i.d. 30 min following anti-IgE challenge had no significant influence on the
      total observation period (1-24 h) of the LPR but antagonized the LPR by 35% at 6
      24 h (P less than 0.01). It is concluded that glucocorticoids inhibit IgE
      dependent LPRs. When extending the topical pretreatment period with the compounds
      also the early part of the allergic reaction is attenuated.

PMID- 3873878
TI  - Fulminating epiglottitis in adults. Report of three cases and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Three cases of epiglottitis in previously healthy young adults are reported. Two
      of these were fatal and occurred within nine months of each other. Both patients
      died within 24 hours of the development of definitive symptoms. The seriousness
      of this condition is stressed: a management protocol is suggested, based on our
      experience and the literature is reviewed.

PMID- 3873879
TI  - A coupled enzyme assay for isopenicillin N synthetase.
AB  - The development of a coupled enzyme assay for the determination of isopenicillin
      N synthetase activity in purified extracts from Cephalosporium acremonium was
      described. Isopenicillin N formed from its precursor, delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)
      L-cysteinyl-D-valine (ACV), by the synthetase was hydrolyzed by beta-lactamase I
      to the corresponding penicilloic acid. Automatic titration of the acid with
      standard sodium hydroxide delivered by a pH-stat gave a continuous plot of
      product formed vs time. This assay has been used in kinetic studies and to
      determine the effects of pH, ionic strength, and temperature on the enzyme's
      activity.

PMID- 3873880
TI  - Adverse effects of pancuronium during high-dose fentanyl anesthesia for coronary
      artery bypass grafting.
AB  - Using a randomized double-blind protocol, the authors prospectively compared
      three nondepolarizing muscle relaxants with respect to their influence on
      hemodynamics and on the electrocardiogram. Thirty-three patients undergoing
      elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with high-dose (100
      micrograms/kg) fentanyl anesthesia were studied. Patients received 1.5 X ED95 of
      either pancuronium (n = 12), metocurine (n = 9), or a metocurine-pancuronium
      combination (4:1 ratio by weight) (n = 12) for muscle relaxation. Heart rate and
      rate pressure product (RPP) were significantly higher postinduction in the
      pancuronium group. Myocardial ischemia, indicated by new ECG ST-segment
      depression occurred significantly more frequently, and exclusively, in the
      pancuronium group. The authors' data suggest that since pancuronium is associated
      with tachycardia and an increased incidence of myocardial ischemia, it is best
      avoided in patients with severe coronary artery disease undergoing CABG with high
      dose fentanyl. Either metocurine or the metocurine-pancuronium combination
      provides greater hemodynamic stability, without precipitating myocardial
      ischemia, and can be safely and effectively substituted for pancuronium.

PMID- 3873881
TI  - Flushing solution for the arterial line.

PMID- 3873882
TI  - LED monitors and the color-blind.

PMID- 3873883
TI  - [Possibilities for controlling respiration postoperatively by electrical
      stimulation of the phrenic nerves].

PMID- 3873884
TI  - Effects of waveform parameters on comfort during transcutaneous neuromuscular
      electrical stimulation.
AB  - Twenty-three females between the ages of 19 and 35 were studied in order to
      compare the effects of variations in pulse duration, waveform symmetry, and
      source regulation on comfort during quadriceps surface stimulation at amplitudes
      necessary to produce 27 Nm torque. Stimulation parameters compared were: 1) 50
      and 300 microseconds pulse durations, 2) asymmetrical and symmetrical biphasic
      waveforms, and 3) current and voltage source regulation. Subjects overwhelmingly
      preferred the 300 microseconds pulse duration regardless of waveform or source
      regulation, strongly preferred the symmetrical biphasic waveform, and had
      inconsistent preference for either regulated voltage or regulated current
      sources.

PMID- 3873885
TI  - Acute and chronic implantation of coiled wire intraneural electrodes during
      cyclical electrical stimulation.
AB  - The posterior tibial nerves of 18 rabbits were intraneurally implanted with
      coiled wire electrodes for up to 9 weeks to evaluate their usefulness for
      neuromuscular electrical stimulation. In one group an electrode was implanted and
      removed in one leg while the other leg was chronically implanted. A second group
      was chronically implanted without electrical stimulation in one leg and implanted
      with cyclical electrical stimulation applied through the electrode in the other
      leg. No significant changes in nerve conduction velocities between the time of
      implantation and up to 9 weeks post-implantation were observed in either the
      stimulated or the non-stimulated nerves. Little change in motor current threshold
      was observed beyond 10 days post-implantation. The nerves showed little or no
      histologic demyelination or denervation in most specimens, although in about 40%
      of the nerves, a bulbous formation of connective tissue was observed at electrode
      entry and exit sites with some demyelination in these regions. The spinal cords
      showed no histologic abnormalities in either group. The gastrocnemius and soleus
      muscles showed only occasional signs of denervation. One cat was implanted in
      both the posterior tibial and peroneal nerves of each leg for a 4-year period.
      Threshold current showed very little change during the implantation period. The
      nerves showed minimal focal demyelination at the electrode site and the muscles
      showed normal fibers.

PMID- 3873886
TI  - Immunologic abnormality in a group of Macaca arctoides with high mortality due to
      atypical mycobacterial and other disease processes.
AB  - Of 54 Macaca arctoides, 44 died during the 2.5 years after their assignment to a
      common cage. Although early deaths were due to trauma, acute gastric dilatation,
      and shigellosis; latter deaths were the result of a variety of uncommon diseases
      including atypical mycobacterial disease, malignant lymphoma, protozoan
      encephalomyelitis, and other necrotizing and inflammatory lesions. Atypical
      mycobacterial disease due to Mycobacterium avium intracellular serotypes was the
      most frequent single disease agent recognized (33% [18 macaques]). This disease
      began in the ileum and large intestine with subsequent systemic involvement. An
      abnormality of host response to infective agents, in general, was indicated by
      the unusually high occurrence of this disease, as well as other disease
      processes. Morphologic evaluation of lymphoid organs revealed decreased
      cellularity of follicles and decreased numbers of plasma cells in all macaques,
      whereas T cell-dependent areas varied from hypocellular to hypercellular with 5
      macaques with malignant lymphoma. The spontaneous erythrocyte rosette-forming
      subpopulation of T cells was decreased in peripheral blood, but was increased in
      lymph nodes containing atypical mycobacterial lesions. Serum immunoglobulin value
      decreased progressively in diseased macaques. A basic abnormality of T-cell
      subpopulations controlling other components of host response was suspected.
      Macrophages from lesions that contain mycobacterial organisms did not phagocytize
      latex beads normally in vitro, whereas monocytes in the blood of the same
      macaques were capable of in vitro phagocytosis.

PMID- 3873887
TI  - Lung biopsy in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Forty open lung biopsies from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and possible
      "rheumatoid lung disease" were reviewed in an attempt to correlate histology with
      radiologic, physiologic, and prognostic variables. A wide variety of
      histopathologic features was seen, and primary and secondary patterns of injury
      were recognized. Five different groups based on histologic patterns were
      identified: pulmonary rheumatoid nodules, usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP),
      bronchiolitis obliterans with patchy organizing pneumonia (BOOP), lymphoid
      hyperplasia, and cellular interstitial infiltrates. The finding of rheumatoid
      nodules as the primary pattern imparted a uniformly good prognosis, whereas the
      pattern of UIP indicated a poor one. Patients with BOOP had a more favorable
      prognosis than did patients with UIP, as did patients with lymphoid hyperplasia
      and/or nonspecific cellular interstitial infiltrates. Consistent correlations
      between pulmonary function testing and roentgenographic and histologic findings
      were not found. The term "rheumatoid lung disease" is of no use as a histologic
      diagnosis because it encompasses a broad spectrum of morphologic changes that
      carry significantly different prognoses.

PMID- 3873888
TI  - Inactivation of human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by cigarette smoke: effect of
      smoke phase and buffer.
AB  - In order to resolve a discrepancy in the literature, we have examined the in
      vitro inactivation of human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by direct exposures
      either to whole cigarette smoke or to filtered (i.e., gas-phase) smoke. Wyss and
      coworkers (2) reported that whole smoke does not inactivate the protein, whereas
      we reported that gas-phase smoke does. We now find that direct exposure to gas
      phase cigarette smoke causes a slightly greater inactivation of the protein than
      does direct exposure to whole cigarette smoke, confirming our earlier suggestion
      that whole smoke is less oxidizing than is gas-phase smoke. This difference,
      however, does not explain the dramatic difference between our previous findings
      and those of Wyss and coworkers (2). The explanation for the discrepancy lies in
      the nature of the buffers used. Wyss and coworkers used Tris buffer and the use
      of Tris quenches the inactivation process almost completely. Our experiments used
      phosphate buffer. We suggest that Tris is an unsuitable buffer for use in
      experiments that probe the effects of cigarette smoke.

PMID- 3873889
TI  - Renal failure and angiodysplasia of the colon.

PMID- 3873890
TI  - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and hyponatremia.

PMID- 3873891
TI  - Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus associated with hydrochlorothiazide
      therapy.
AB  - Photosensitive eruptions with clinical and histologic features of subacute
      cutaneous lupus erythematosus and antibodies to SS-A(Ro) antigen occurred in five
      patients taking hydrochlorothiazide. After drug therapy was discontinued, the
      eruptions cleared. In one patient anti-SS-A antibodies disappeared after
      discontinuation of thiazide, and in another rechallenge with hydrochlorothiazide
      produced an acute dermatitis with a photodistribution. These eruptions may
      represent a new type of photosensitive drug reaction in which the photoactive
      drug may be synergistic with anti-SS-A antibody in producing cutaneous lesions of
      photosensitive subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3873892
TI  - [Technics and indications of limited petrosectomy. Value of the combined
      transcochlear and infratemporal approach].
AB  - The authors describe the extended trans-cochlear approach and define its
      indications on the basis of a series of 10 cases operated by the transcochlear
      approach, 6 of which were extended. This approach has a well defined indication
      between the trans-cochlear approach described by W. House and the infra-temporal
      approach described by Fish.

PMID- 3873893
TI  - [Histiocytosis X with perianovulvar eosinophilic granuloma. Favorable effect of
      the local application of nitrogen mustard onto anovulvar lesions].

PMID- 3873894
TI  - [Herpes, a cause of esophagitis and postoperative digestive hemorrhage].

PMID- 3873895
TI  - Molecular genetics of the S region of the murine H-2 major histocompatibility
      complex.
AB  - The mouse H-2S region has been conventionally identified by the functional,
      serological and electrophoretic variations of two plasma proteins which
      constitute its primary genetic markers, C4 (the fourth component of complement)
      and C4-Slp (sex-limited protein). Recently, recombinant DNA procedures applied in
      our laboratory as well as in several others have made available molecular clones
      corresponding to these two nonallelic genes. This paper focuses on the progress
      provided by the study of C4 and C4-Slp cDNA and genomic clones, as well as by the
      application of such clones to the probing of the S region structure in
      conventional and special H-2 haplotypes. At variance with the K, I and D regions
      of H-2, the S region contains genes which have no obvious structural
      interrelationship, although in some cases they display a functional interaction.
      The heterogeneity of S region products is emphasized by the recent detection of
      steroid 21-hydroxylase genes associated with each of the C4 gene copies.

PMID- 3873896
TI  - Early-onset Alzheimer's disease: an analysis of CT findings.
AB  - Brain computed tomographic scans of 60 patients with early-onset Alzheimer's
      disease (mean age, 60.7 years) were compared with those of age- and sex-matched
      control subjects. Computed tomographic analysis included standard ventricular
      measurements as well as subjective ratings of ventricular and sulcal size. These
      indices were correlated with the results of a battery of neuropsychological tests
      and electroencephalographic findings. Linear measurements of ventricular size
      were significantly greater in the patients with Alzheimer's disease than in the
      age-matched control group (p less than 0.0005). Using subjective appraisal of
      ventricular and sulcal size, the neuroradiologist noted abnormalities
      significantly more often in patients than in controls (p less than 0.0005).
      Linear measurements of ventricular size correlated significantly (p less than
      0.05) with the severity of aphasia and dementia and the presence of
      electroencephalographic abnormalities. There was, however, no correlation between
      the subjective judgment of cortical atrophy and the degree of impairment as
      measured by neuropsychological tests. The findings in this study demonstrate the
      usefulness of computed tomographic imaging in Alzheimer's disease of early onset.

PMID- 3873897
TI  - Role of beta-lactamases and outer membrane proteins in multiple beta-lactam
      resistance of Enterobacter cloacae.
AB  - The chromosomal beta-lactamase and outer membrane proteins of Enterobacter
      cloacae were examined to determine their relative contributions to multiple
      antibiotic resistance in this organism. Mutants altered in beta-lactamase
      expression, whether derived in the laboratory or recovered from patients treated
      with one of the new beta-lactam antibiotics, were found to have no detectable
      alterations in outer membrane proteins. Derepression of beta-lactamase in these
      mutants was associated with high-level resistance to multiple beta-lactam
      antibiotics, while loss of inducible beta-lactamase (i.e., production of basal
      enzyme levels only) was associated with acquisition of susceptibility to many
      beta-lactam antibiotics, including cephalothin. In contrast, alteration in outer
      membrane proteins was associated with only moderate-level resistance to beta
      lactam antibiotics. However, this included resistance to such drugs as
      amdinocillin and Sch 34343, which were unaffected by derepression of beta
      lactamase. Resistance to chloramphenicol and tetracycline also accompanied
      changes in outer membrane proteins. Although the outer membrane proteins of
      various strains of E. cloacae were similar, there did appear to be some major
      strain-to-strain variations. Thus, it appears that alterations in both beta
      lactamase and outer membrane proteins can affect the susceptibility of E. cloacae
      to many antibiotics. However, alterations in beta-lactamase alone are sufficient
      to produce high-level multiple beta-lactam resistance in this organism.

PMID- 3873898
TI  - In vitro and in vivo activities of DN-9550, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin.
AB  - DN-9550 [(6R, 7R)-7-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)
      methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[(1-pyridinio)methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia -1-azabicyclo methyl]
      8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate hydrochloride] is a new
      semisynthetic cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity
      against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The activity of DN-9550 against
      most species of the family Enterobacteriaceae was roughly comparable to that of
      ceftazidime, slightly lower than that of cefotaxime, and far exceeded that of
      cefoperazone. Against Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, and Serratia
      marcescens, DN-9550 was more active than ceftazidime and cefotaxime. DN-9550 and
      ceftazidime were significantly more active than cefotaxime against Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa, but DN-9550 and cefotaxime were clearly more active than ceftazidime
      against staphylococci and streptococci. Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae were also highly susceptible to DN-9550, but Bacteroides fragilis was
      generally not susceptible to the compound. DN-9550 was stable to various types of
      beta-lactamases and had high affinities for penicillin-binding protein 3 of both
      Escherichia coli and P. aeruginosa. When DN-9550 was administered subcutaneously
      to mice experimentally infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus
      pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, or
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa, its efficacy well reflected its in vitro potency.

PMID- 3873900
TI  - Resistance caused by decreased penetration of beta-lactam antibiotics into
      Enterobacter cloacae.
AB  - Strains of Enterobacter cloacae were selected on the basis of resistance to
      aztreonam, ceftazidime, moxalactam, or imipenem. All strains produced the same E2
      beta-lactamase, with an isoelectric point greater than 9.5 and with high
      hydrolytic activity in the presence of cephaloridine. Resistance to beta-lactams
      could not be correlated with the amount of beta-lactamase present in the various
      strains. beta-Lactamase activity was induced strongly by moxalactam and imipenem
      in the wild-type and moxalactam-resistant strains, with beta-lactamase
      representing as much as 4% of the total cellular protein after induction (2 X
      10(5) molecules per cell). Ceftazidime and aztreonam were poor inducers. None of
      the antibiotics studied was readily hydrolyzed by the E2 beta-lactamase;
      aztreonam and moxalactam inhibited the enzyme with apparent Ki values of 1.2 and
      100 nM, respectively. Aztreonam, which bound covalently to the E2 beta-lactamase
      with a half-life of 2.3 h at 25 degrees C, was used to measure penetrability of
      beta-lactam into the periplasmic space of the resistant E. cloacae strains. In
      all of the E2-producing organisms studied, a significant permeability barrier
      existed. A maximum concentration of 0.02 microgram of aztreonam per ml should
      have saturated the periplasmic beta-lactamase in the highest enzyme producers
      studied. However, fully active beta-lactamase was observed in the periplasm of
      cells exposed to aztreonam at concentrations at least 1,000-fold higher than that
      theoretically necessary to inhibit the total enzyme within the cell. Thus, the
      major cause for resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in these E. cloacae strains
      was lack of penetration across the outer membrane.

PMID- 3873899
TI  - In vitro susceptibilities of isolates from patients with Branhamella catarrhalis
      pneumonia compared with those of colonizing strains.
AB  - Branhamella catarrhalis has recently been recognized as an opportunistic
      respiratory pathogen. We tested 10 isolates recovered from patients with
      documented B. catarrhalis pneumonia and 15 colonizing isolates for their
      susceptibility to 19 antimicrobial agents and for their ability to produce beta
      lactamase. Eight of ten disease isolates and 12 of 15 colonizing isolates
      produced a detectable beta-lactamase. The isolates that were negative for beta
      lactamase were susceptible to all agents tested, including penicillin G. Although
      all strains were found to be susceptible to the majority of the newer agents by
      broth dilution testing, the most active new semisynthetic penicillin was
      azlocillin (MIC that inhibited 90% of strains, 0.5 micrograms/ml), and moxalactam
      had the greatest potency among the cephalosporins (MIC that inhibited 90% of
      strains, 0.06 micrograms/ml). Members of the first- and second-generation
      cephalosporins had only moderate activity. All disease isolates were susceptible
      to the aminoglycosides and to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and resistant to
      vancomycin. The antibiotic susceptibilities of the disease isolates were not
      different from those of the colonizing strains. The results of standardized disk
      diffusion testing did not correlate well with those of dilution testing for
      penicillin or ampicillin. However, disk diffusion testing did predict
      susceptibility adequately for the remainder of the antibiotics tested.

PMID- 3873901
TI  - In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of dactimicin, a novel
      pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside, compared with those of other aminoglycoside
      antibiotics.
AB  - When compared with astromicin, amikacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, dactimicin
      was similar to astromicin in in vitro activity and was more active than amikacin
      and gentamicin against the clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens, but less
      active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Dactimicin and astromicin were active
      against many gentamicin- and amikacin-resistant bacteria expressing
      aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, with the exception of aminoglycoside 3
      acetyltransferase. However, dactimicin was more resistant than astromicin to
      inactivation by aminoglycoside 3-acetyltransferase, probably owing to the
      protective action of the formimidoyl group. The in vivo activity of dactimicin,
      assessed by the 50% effective doses against systemic infections in mice, was
      similar or superior to that of astromicin and was superior or inferior to that of
      amikacin depending on the strains tested.

PMID- 3873902
TI  - Purification and properties of inducible penicillin beta-lactamase isolated from
      Alcaligenes faecalis.
AB  - An inducible penicillin beta-lactamase was purified from a strain of Alcaligenes
      faecalis resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. The purified enzyme preparation
      gave a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and its
      molecular weight was 29,000 based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Its isoelectric point was 5.9. The enzyme more rapidly
      hydrolyzed penicillins, such as penicillin G, ampicillin, carbenicillin,
      piperacillin, and cloxacillin, than it hydrolyzed cephalosporins. For the
      hydrolysis of penicillin G, the optimal pH was 5.5, and the optimal temperature
      was 35 degrees C. The enzyme activity was inhibited by iodine, Cu2+, Hg2+, and
      EDTA but was not inhibited by clavulanic acid and sulbactam.

PMID- 3873903
TI  - Biochemical properties of beta-lactamase produced by Flavobacterium odoratum.
AB  - A constitutively produced beta-lactamase was purified from Flavobacterium
      odoratum GN14053. The purified enzyme gave a single protein band on
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point was 5.8, and the
      molecular weight was estimated to be about 26,000. The enzyme activity was
      inhibited by EDTA, iodine, p-chloromercuribenzoate, HgCl2, and CuSO4 but not by
      clavulanic acid, sulbactam, imipenem, and cephamycin derivatives. The enzyme
      showed a broad substrate profile, hydrolyzing oxyiminocephalosporins,
      cephamycins, imipenem, and some penicillins.

PMID- 3873904
TI  - Suppression of intrinsic resistance to penicillins in Staphylococcus aureus by
      polidocanol, a dodecyl polyethyleneoxid ether.
AB  - With polidocanol, it was possible to reduce the MIC as well as the MBC of
      methicillin, oxacillin, penicillin G, and ampicillin against resistant
      staphylococci. The strongest effects were obtained with methicillin and
      oxacillin. All strains tested could be resensitized to these penicillins
      independent of the original resistance levels. Polidocanol was not inhibitory by
      itself for Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, it did not inhibit the activity of
      staphylococcal beta-lactamase. This permits the conclusion that an intrinsic
      resistance mechanism is affected by this substance. Its action cannot be simply
      explained by an improved accessibility of the penicillin targets as uptake, and
      binding of methicillin and penicillin G in resistant cells was not changed by
      polidocanol. On the other hand, the lysis induced by combinations of this
      substance with small amounts of a penicillin was antagonized by chloramphenicol.
      This suggests that autolytic enzymes are involved in the polidocanol effect and
      possibly in the intrinsic resistance mechanism itself. Before polidocanol can
      trigger lysis, the penicillin must act first in some way. As could be seen with a
      susceptible strain, the resulting lysis did not exceed that obtained with
      penicillins alone. Thus, polidocanol does not exhibit an independent lytic
      mechanism but obviously is able to substitute penicillins in their lytic action.

PMID- 3873905
TI  - In vitro susceptibilities and beta-lactamase production of 53 clinical isolates
      of Branhamella catarrhalis.
AB  - We tested 53 clinical isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis recovered from patients
      with respiratory symptoms to determine the susceptibility of the isolates to 25
      antimicrobial agents, including the newer beta-lactam antibiotics. Of the 53
      strains, 46 (86.7%) were beta-lactamase producers. All the strains were
      susceptible to the majority of the new penicillins and cephalosporins. The
      combinations of amoxacillin-clavulanic acid and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid were
      also very active against the beta-lactamase-producing strains.

PMID- 3873906
TI  - Comparison of a beta-lactamase induction test with a test that detects low
      frequency resistance to cefotaxime.
AB  - A paper strip test that detects cefotaxime-resistant variants of gram-negative
      bacilli was described and compared with a beta-lactamase induction test. Both
      tests demonstrated a potential for resistance that is not indicated by standard
      agar dilution and agar diffusion tests.

PMID- 3873907
TI  - Regulatory properties of human erythrocyte hexokinase during cell ageing.
AB  - Human red blood cell hexokinase exists in multiple molecular forms with different
      isoelectric points but similar kinetic and regulatory properties. All three major
      isoenzymes (HK Ia, Ib, and Ic) are inhibited competitively with respect to Mg.ATP
      by glucose 6-phosphate (Ki = 15 microM), glucose 1,6-diphosphate (Ki - 22
      microM), 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (Ki = 4 mM), ATP (Ki = 1.5 mM), and reduced
      glutathione (Ki = 3 mM). All these compounds are present in the human erythrocyte
      at concentrations able to modify the hexokinase reaction velocity. However, the
      oxygenation state of hemoglobin significantly modifies their free concentrations
      and the formation of the Mg complexes. The calculated rate of glucose
      phosphorylation, in the presence of the mentioned compounds, is practically
      identical to the measured rate of glucose utilization by intact erythrocytes
      (1.43 +/- 0.15 mumol h-1 ml red blood cells-1). Hexokinase in young red blood
      cells is fivefold higher when compared with the old ones, but the concentration
      of many inhibitors of the enzyme is also cell age-dependent. Glucose 6-phosphate,
      glucose 1,6-diphosphate, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, ATP, and Mg all decay during
      cell ageing but at different rates. The free concentrations and the hemoglobin
      and Mg complexes of both ATP and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate with hemoglobin in the
      oxy and deoxy forms have been calculated. This information was utilized in the
      calculation of glucose phosphorylation rate during cell ageing. The results
      obtained agree with the measured glycolytic rates and suggest that the decay of
      hexokinase during cell ageing could play a critical role in the process of cell
      senescence and destruction.

PMID- 3873908
TI  - Adenosine deaminase gene amplification in deoxycoformycin-resistant mammalian
      cells.
AB  - Deoxycoformycin (dCF)-resistant mutants of rat hepatoma, mouse LMTK-, and Chinese
      hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been isolated and shown to overproduce adenosine
      deaminase (ADA). The overproduction of ADA was found to be due to ADA-gene
      amplification in rat and mouse cells but not in CHO cells. Deoxycoformycin
      resistant rat hepatoma cells have large HSRs (homogeneously staining regions),
      mouse cells carry DMs (Double minutes), and CHO cells do not appear to have any
      gross chromosomal anomalies. When dCF-resistant rat hepatoma and mouse cells are
      selected by increasing the concentration of the inhibitor in small increments,
      there is a good correlation between the increase in ADA gene copy number and the
      increase in the level of expression of ADA, suggesting that all of the amplified
      genes are equally active in the expression of ADA.

PMID- 3873909
TI  - Evidence for the synthesis of thymosin alpha 1 by calf thymocytes and the
      production of this peptide by natural processing.
AB  - Thymus and thymocytes from calf were extracted under isotonic conditions in the
      presence of protease inhibitors or under severe denaturing conditions (after
      quick freezing and thawing in boiling 0.1 M NaCl). The extracts, as well as the
      medium in which the thymocytes were obtained from thymus fragments (thymocyte
      supernatants), were size-fractionated by ultrafiltration. As in whole thymus
      isotonic extracts, thymosin alpha 1 [A. L. Goldstein, T. L. K. Low, M. McAdoo, J.
      McClure, G. B. Thurman, J. Rossio, C-Y. Lai, D. Chang, S-S. Wang, C. Harvey, A.
      H. Ramel, and J. Meienhofer (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 725-729] was
      contained in isotonic extracts from thymocytes and also in thymocyte
      supernatants, as determined by isoelectric focusing and reverse-phase HPLC
      analysis. The extraction under denaturing conditions mainly yielded products with
      molecular masses over 50,000, showing very similar isoelectric focusing patterns
      in both thymocytes and whole thymus extracts. As deduced by isoelectric focusing
      analysis of diverse size-fractionated products, a strong association capacity
      seems to be responsible for an apparently high molecular mass of the components
      of these extracts. According to the pI, two of these components were prothymosin
      alpha [A. A. Haritos, G. J. Goodall, and B. L. Horecker (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad.
      Sci. USA 81, 1008-1011] and thymosin alpha 1. Prothymosin alpha was not detected
      in any isotonic extracts or thymocyte supernatants. These data suggest that calf
      thymocytes are capable of producing thymosin alpha 1, which would arise by
      natural processing of its precursor.

PMID- 3873910
TI  - [Effect of cyclophosphamide on immunological responses in patients with breast
      cancer relating to BRM (biological response modifiers)].
AB  - Cyclophosphamide (CPM) is widely used in patients with breast cancer as an
      adjuvant chemotherapy. On the other hand, it is a well-known fact that CPM
      treated animals show an increased intensity of cell-mediated immunity such as DTH
      (delayed-type hypersensitivity) reactions. Recently, such functions of CPM have
      seemed to make it note worthy as a BRM. Therefore, in 26 postoperative patients
      with breast cancer, the effect of CPM on various immunological responses was
      investigated after administration of CPM (100mg/day) for a period of 30 days.
      Significant decrease of lymphocyte counts, B-cell percentages, and T gamma-cell
      percentages were observed. However, PPD skin test showed a tendency for increased
      reaction. Both OKT3+ lymphocytes and OKT 11+ lymphocytes increased significantly.
      However, an inhibitory effect of CPM on OKT8+ lymphocytes (suppressor/cytotoxic)
      was not observed. From the results of this study, increased intensity of DTH
      reactions by CPM was interesting in relation to BRM action, and the inhibitory
      effect of CPM on B-cells seemed to be connected with activated cell-mediated
      immunity.

PMID- 3873911
TI  - Monoclonal antibody studies in the skin lesions of patients with anetoderma.
AB  - In all five patients studied, monoclonal antibody studies of cryostat sections of
      skin biopsy specimens of anetoderma lesions revealed inflammatory cells reacting
      with anti-Leu-1, pan-T-cell antibody, and anti-Leu-3a, the helper/inducer T-cell
      antibody. Small numbers of suppressor cells were present in only three biopsy
      specimens. Four specimens showed OKM1, antibody-reacting cells (monocytes). The
      age of the lesion was not correlated with inflammation or the T-cell subsets
      identified.

PMID- 3873912
TI  - Lymphomatoid papulosis. Development into cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
AB  - Lymphomatoid papulosis is usually considered to have a benign course, but many
      reports of subsequent evolution into systemic lymphoma have been reported. By
      measuring single-cell DNA content by flow cytometry, it may be possible to
      predict those cases that have the potential for the development of a malignant
      neoplasm. Two cases that differ from classic benign lymphomatoid papulosis had a
      more "malignant" clinical picture, with nodules and tumors, and the finding of
      aneuploidy (abnormal DNA content) from several skin lesion specimens and also
      from a lymph node specimen in one of the cases. Clinically evident malignant
      neoplasms have not yet developed in the two patients, but we suggest that the
      finding of aneuploidy predicts those cases that later could become malignant.

PMID- 3873913
TI  - Renal function in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Glomerular filtration rate, day and night-time albumin excretion, and blood
      pressure were estimated in 83 children with diabetes mellitus and compared with
      measures of glycaemic control, age, and duration of disease. Careful attention
      was paid to definition of normal values in age matched controls. The glomerular
      filtration rate was greater than normal, and correlated with duration of disease,
      but not with albumin excretion or blood pressure. Daytime albumin excretion
      correlated with duration of disease and glycosylated haemoglobin, but not with
      age, glomerular filtration rate, or blood pressure. Night-time albumin excretion
      was significantly raised and correlated with duration of disease, glycosylated
      haemoglobin, mean blood sugar concentration, and M value but not with age,
      glomerular filtration rate, or blood pressure. Diastolic blood pressure was
      significantly raised but was not correlated with any other measured variable. We
      have confirmed abnormalities of renal function in a children's diabetic clinic.
      The measurement of overnight albumin excretion rates may provide a sensitive
      early indicator of renal damage.

PMID- 3873914
TI  - Modification of the alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotype in neonatal hepatitis.
AB  - Two cases of neonatal hepatitis are described, one related to cytomegalovirus
      infection and the other idiopathic. In both infants a transient abnormality of
      the alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotype, inconsistent with the parent's phenotypes,
      reverted to normal during the convalescent phase of the illness.

PMID- 3873915
TI  - Relationship between Weber-Christian panniculitis and the ZZ phenotype of alpha1
      antitrypsin.

PMID- 3873916
TI  - Effects of habitual tobacco smoking on reactive hyperemia in the human hand.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that habitual smoking of
      tobacco cigarettes reduces reactive hyperemia in peripheral areas of smokers who
      are at low risk of having atherosclerotic vascular disease. This was achieved by
      a cross-sectional comparison of post-occlusion hyperemia in the hand circulation
      of female cigarette smokers and nonsmokers in the 20- to 40-yr age range.
      Epidemiologic evidence indicates that sclerotic lesions are unlikely in the upper
      extremities of females in this age range. The right hand of a subject was
      maintained in a water bath at 32 degrees C while mean blood flow velocity (V) in
      the radial artery was measured before and after occlusion periods of 1 and 5 min.
      The 5-min period elicited maximal reactive hyperemia. Following both periods of
      occlusion the percent increase in V was less for smokers (P less than .02). Also,
      the absolute increase in V following 5 min of occlusion for the smokers was less
      than that of the nonsmokers (P less than or equal to .05). These results indicate
      that habitual cigarette smoking reduces peripheral vasodilatory reserve in young
      smokers. The fact that sclerotic lesions are unlikely in the present subjects
      points to a microcirculatory rather than a macrocirculatory effect.

PMID- 3873917
TI  - Hidden 19S IgM rheumatoid factor in adults with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
      onset.
AB  - Forty-eight adult patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) (onset before
      age 16 years) were evaluated at the age of 17 years or more for the presence of
      hidden 19S IgM rheumatoid factors (RF), i.e., 19S IgM RF that can be detected by
      the complement-dependent haemolytic assay in the IgM-containing fraction after
      separation of the serum by acid gel filtration. The average age of the patients
      was 25.3 years. The mean duration of disease was 16.5 years. Thirty-two of 48
      patients (67%) showed the presence of hidden 19S IgM RF in their serum. Disease
      activity correlated with hidden RF titres in 62% (55/88) of the evaluations. The
      results indicate that patients with seronegative JRA onset continue to have
      significant titres of hidden 19S IgM RF in their sera into early adulthood.

PMID- 3873918
TI  - Coronary artery disease in patients requiring abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.
      Selective use of a combined operation.
AB  - The chief cause of operative mortality after abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
      repair is myocardial infarction. For this reason, routine coronary angiography
      followed by prophylactic coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) prior to AAA
      repair has been recommended by some surgeons. We report here the results of the
      selective use of a combined operation. Two hundred twenty-seven patients had
      elective or emergency repair of nonruptured AAA on our service from 1972 to 1983.
      Prior to surgery, all patients underwent careful clinical evaluation for the
      presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and were classified into the following:
      group I (n = 121), no clinical evidence of CAD, 53%; group II (n = 96), clinical
      evidence of stable CAD, symptomatic or asymptomatic, 42%; group III (n = 10),
      unstable CAD, five per cent; Group IIIa (n = 4), asymptomatic AAA; and group IIIb
      (n = 6), symptomatic AAA. Seven patients ultimately assigned to group II
      underwent stress electrocardiogram (ECG) and eight group II patients had coronary
      angiography before surgery. All patients in groups I and II underwent elective or
      urgent repair of their AAA without CABG. Prior to surgery, these patients were
      managed with placement of a pulmonary artery catheter and incremental volume
      loading to construct a left ventricular performance curve as a guide to surgical
      fluid replacement. All were carefully monitored for at least 48 hours after
      surgery in an intensive care unit. Four patients (group IIIa) with unstable CAD
      and asymptomatic AAA underwent CABG followed by elective AAA repair within six
      months. Six patients (group IIIb) with unstable CAD and symptomatic AAA underwent
      combined open heart surgery (CABG and, in one patient, valve replacement) and AAA
      repair as a single operation. There was no operative mortality in group III
      patients. Thirty-day operative mortality for the entire group of 227 patients was
      1.3% (three deaths), with only one death from a myocardial infarction (0.4%).
      While there is clearly a high incidence of CAD in patients with AAA, the present
      results indicate that these individuals can be managed with low risk by a
      selective approach based upon clinical assessment of their CAD. Our experience
      further demonstrates that patients with unstable CAD and symptomatic AAA may have
      both lesions safely repaired as a single operative procedure.

PMID- 3873920
TI  - Use of fibrin glue in thoracic surgery.
AB  - The results of closure of various types of postoperative thoracic fistulas with
      two-component fibrin sealant in 5 patients are presented. The use of a new
      technique for the noninvasive closure of bronchial fistulas with fibrin sealant
      is also described. Implications of the management of thoracic fistulas with
      fibrin sealant are discussed.

PMID- 3873919
TI  - Coronary artery bypass grafting in women. A ten-year perspective.
AB  - Between January 1974 and December 1983, 3279 patients have undergone isolated
      coronary artery bypass (CAB) grafting at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. There were
      639 women in this group. Women represented 18 to 22% of the patients having
      isolated CAB grafting throughout the 10-year period, except in 1976 when only 13%
      of the CAB patients were women. Mean age-at-operation for women has increased
      from 53.9 to 61.1 years since 1974, and was higher than the mean operative age of
      men during each of the 10 years. Although the oldest woman undergoing CAB
      grafting in 1974 was 64 years old, the eldest in 1983 was 84 years old. Except
      for an older mean age-at-operation for women and a higher incidence of unstable
      angina prior to surgery, the only other significant difference in the clinical
      status of female versus male CAB patients, detected by a case control analysis,
      was the smaller body surface area of women compared to men. Although operative
      mortality was significantly greater for women during most of this review period,
      mortality was similar during 1983 (2.6% for men versus 2.4% for women), in spite
      of a significantly higher incidence of unstable angina in the female group (54%
      for women versus 35% for men). The improved survival noted following coronary
      bypass grafting in women, which occurred in spite of the advancing age of the
      female group, supports an aggressive approach to surgical intervention in women
      with severe coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3873921
TI  - Morbidity and mortality of coronary bypass grafting in patients 70 years of age
      and older.
AB  - The hospital mortality and major factors contributing to hospital morbidity and
      postoperative length of stay were examined in 597 consecutive patients 70 years
      of age and older who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
      between January, 1978, and December, 1983. The mean age of the patients was 73
      years, and 66% were men. Unstable angina was present in 59% of patients, left
      main coronary disease in 13%, and moderate or severe left ventricular dysfunction
      in 10%. The mean number of arteries grafted per patient was 3.4. The hospital
      mortality was 2.7% (16 patients) and was higher than the mortality among 4,125
      patients less than 70 years of age (0.4% in 18 patients) operated on during the
      same interval (p less than 0.001). In multivariate regression analyses, age of 80
      years or greater, evolving myocardial infarction, serious coexisting illness,
      major left ventricular dysfunction, emergent operation, and the development of
      major postoperative complications were significant (p less than 0.05) independent
      predictors of increased hospital mortality. Major complications occurred in 135
      patients (23%). In multivariate analyses, the presence of vascular disease,
      serious concomitant illness, and the need for urgent or emergent operation were
      significant independent predictors of the development of major postoperative
      complications. The mean duration of postoperative hospital stay was 10.6 +/- 6
      (standard deviation) days. In multivariate analyses, the development of major
      postoperative complications was the only variable independently predictive of
      prolonged hospital stay. With current techniques, CABG procedures can be safely
      performed in the elderly with mortality and morbidity rates only slightly higher
      than those in younger patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3873922
TI  - Aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva with coexistent coronary atherosclerosis.
AB  - Unruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva coexistent with extensive coronary
      atherosclerosis was noted in a 65-year-old man. He underwent transaortic patch
      repair of the aneurysm and quadruple aortocoronary bypass. The essential features
      of adequate management of this association are discussed.

PMID- 3873923
TI  - A completely atraumatic pickup forceps designed to hold vein grafts.

PMID- 3873924
TI  - Prediction of human analgesic dosages of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
      (NSAIDs) from analgesic ED50 values in mice.
AB  - The oral analgesic activities (ED50's) of 15 NSAIDs were determined in the
      phenylquinone-induced writhing test in mice. ED50 values (mg/kg) were:
      acetylsalicylic acid (182), fenclofenac (168), phenylbutazone (129), ibuprofen
      (82.2), diflunisal (55.6), benoxaprofen (25.4), naproxen (24.1), mefenamic acid
      (20.7), indomethacin (19.0), meclofenamate sodium (9.60), sulindac (7.20),
      fenoprofen calcium (3.70), tolmetin (1.30), zomepirac sodium (0.70), and
      piroxicam (0.44). Significant linear correlations were found between mouse ED50
      values and the various recommended human analgesic or anti-inflammatory dosages.
      Thus, analgesic ED50 values (mg/kg p.o.) in mice (X) may be used to predict human
      dosages (Y) of NSAIDs according to the equation Y = 8.26X + 535, where Y is the
      projected human daily dosage (mg).

PMID- 3873925
TI  - [Clinical electroretinography in veterinary medicine. 2. Progressive retinal
      atrophy and hemeralopia].

PMID- 3873926
TI  - [Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-OH) in France. Population genetics].
AB  - Incidence of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency was
      studied in France. Five hundred and twenty six patients born during the period
      1963-1979 were found. Assuming complete ascertainment in females, the incidence
      of the disease is 0.43 X 10(-4) or 1: 23,044. The frequency of the carriers is
      0.013 (1/76). The birth places of patients show an unequal geographic
      distribution. The mean inbreeding coefficient is 270 X 10(-5), a figure higher
      than the mean coefficient of France. The frequency of marriages between first
      cousins is slightly raised, 0.3%.

PMID- 3873927
TI  - [Circulating metabolites of vitamin D in 14 children with hypercalcemia].
AB  - Circulating vitamin D metabolite concentrations, i.e. 25-(OH)D, 24,25-(OH)2D,
      1,25-(OH)2D have been assayed in 14 hypercalcemic children. Results are as
      follows: a) Children with vitamin D intoxication (n = 2) had elevated serum 25
      (OH)D and 24,25-(OH)2D concentrations but their 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations were
      similar to those found in normocalcemic children (10-110 pg/ml); b) Children with
      familial idiopathic hypercalcemia and hypocalciuria (n = 5), children with
      hypercalcemia and either Bartter's syndrome (n = 1), hemangiomatosis (n = 1),
      osteopetrosis after medullary graft (n = 1), also had 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations
      in the normal range; c) In contrast, 1,25-(OH)2D were elevated (160-470 pg/ml) in
      the four children with severe idiopathic hypercalcemia and elfin facies.

PMID- 3873928
TI  - [Results of portasystemic shunts in cirrhosis in children].
AB  - A surgical porto-systemic shunt was carried out in 37 children and adolescents
      (age: 2 yrs-18 yrs) who presented with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. All
      patients were classified "A" or "B" according to Child's criteria. Proof of the
      patency of the shunt was obtained by endoscopy and/or angiography in 31 children.
      Two children died in the early postoperative period. Thrombosis of the shunt
      occurred in 4 children. With a follow-up of 6 months to 11 years, none of the 31
      children operated on successfully presented with gastro-intestinal bleeding due
      to portal hypertension. Nine presented with one or several episodes of porto
      systemic encephalopathy. Five of these were transient allowing for a normal diet
      to be resumed later. These results indicate that porto-systemic shunts are
      effective to prevent gastro-intestinal bleeding, even in young children with
      cirrhosis. However, in addition to Child's criteria, indications for shunt
      surgery must take into account the degree of hemorrhage risk and the possible
      need for a liver transplantation later.

PMID- 3873929
TI  - [Ecchymotic cellulitis].

PMID- 3873930
TI  - [Atherosclerosis and the system of immunity].
AB  - The immunocompetent tissues were studied on the clinical and necropsy material,
      taking into consideration the development of sensitization to the atheorogenic
      lipids (VLDL, LDL). The signs of the sensitization to VLDL or LDL were observed
      in 83% patients. It is shown that the T-type immune response resulting from the
      sensitization to the lipoproteins is formed when the exacerbation of the
      atherosclerosis occurs. The vascular wall antigens in the lymph nodes regional to
      the arteries produce a local B-type immune response. The leucocyte migration test
      in combination with the staining of the blood smears for cation proteins can be
      used in the clinical practice for the detection of the atherosclerosis patients
      with a specific sensitization.

PMID- 3873931
TI  - Intravitreal toxicity of hydroxyacyclovir (BW-B759U), a new antiviral agent.
AB  - We investigated the toxicity of the antiviral compound hydroxyacyclovir (9
      [hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxymethyl]guanine, or BW-B759U), following
      intravitreal injection in the rabbit. Intravitreal doses of 10, 20, 40, 80, 100,
      200, and 400 micrograms produced no discernible ophthalmoscopic or histologic
      changes. Intravitreal doses of 40, 200, and 400 micrograms produced no changes in
      the electroretinography B-waves. The low level of retinal toxicity and excellent
      median inhibitory dose values of intravitreal BW-B759U against cytomegalovirus
      suggest its potential therapeutic utility in the treatment of cytomegalovirus
      retinitis.

PMID- 3873932
TI  - Dysphagia and Forestier's disease.
AB  - Dysphagia is a common complaint of patients seen by otolaryngologists. Cervical
      osteophytes have been widely reported as a cause of dysphagia. Recently,
      Forestier's disease (vertebral ankylosing hyperostosis or diffuse idiopathic
      skeletal hyperostosis) has also been identified as a cause of dysphagia. Two
      patients had dysphagia due to Forestier's disease. Their barium esophagograms
      demonstrated narrowing of the esophagus due to the vertebral osteophytes and
      their computed tomographic scans show the extent of the osteophyte deformity.

PMID- 3873933
TI  - Primary hypothyroidism and essential hypernatremia in a patient with
      histiocytosis X.
AB  - A 27 year old woman with histiocytosis X had an unusual initial presentation with
      features of primary hypothyroidism and a goitre. Diagnosis was made by lung and
      thyroid biopsies. Endocrine tests showed the presence of hypopituitarism and a
      discrete suprasellar mass, consistent with hypothalamic histiocytosis X, was
      demonstrated by computerised tomography. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy arrested
      the clinical progression of the disease.

PMID- 3873934
TI  - Covert diaphyseal aclasia.

PMID- 3873935
TI  - Differences in the binding, internalization and catabolism of low-density
      lipoprotein between normal human T and B lymphocytes.
AB  - Studies in human peripheral blood B and T lymphocytes show that high-affinity
      binding of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to the cell surface receptor and the
      kinetics of binding are comparable between B and T lymphocytes, but the
      internalization of receptor-bound LDL in B cells appears deficient. Yet, the
      fraction of internalized LDL degraded by both B and T lymphocytes is of similar
      magnitude. Moreover, the lysosomal acid cholesterol ester hydrolase and acyl
      CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase activities in B cell were about one-third of
      those in T lymphocytes. These data suggest deficient LDL catabolism in B
      lymphocytes relative to that in T lymphocytes.

PMID- 3873937
TI  - pH effects on cystine transport in lysosome-rich leucocyte granular fractions.
AB  - Inhibitors of lysosomal acidification (4,4'-di-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'
      disulphonate, NN'-dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide, carbonyl cyanide m
      chlorophenylhydrazone, NH4Cl and methylamine hydrochloride) did not alter cystine
      egress or countertransport in polymorphonuclear-leucocyte lysosome-rich granular
      fractions at pH 7.0. Together, 2 mM-MgCl2/MgATP and 90 mM-KCl stimulated cystine
      egress 2-fold, but this effect also was not influenced by inhibitors of ATP
      dependent lysosomal acidification. MgCl2/MgATP stimulated cystine transport at pH
      5.5, but the effect also occurred with MgCl2, MgSO4 or MnCl2 alone, was prevented
      by chelation, and was not seen with NaATP; therefore, it was considered a
      bivalent-cation, not an ATP, effect. Proton-pump-mediated acidification of
      lysosomes does not appear to be required for cystine transport in normal
      polymorphonuclear-leucocyte granular fractions, as reported for lymphoblast
      lysosomes.

PMID- 3873936
TI  - Articular cartilage cultured with catabolin (pig interleukin 1) synthesizes a
      decreased number of normal proteoglycan molecules.
AB  - A homogeneous preparation of catabolin from pig leucocytes caused a reversible
      dose-dependent (0.01-1 nM) decrease in the synthesis of proteoglycan in slices of
      pig articular cartilage cultured in serum-free medium. The monomers that were
      synthesized and secreted in the presence of catabolin had the same average
      hydrodynamic size and ability to aggregate as the controls, and the core protein
      was substituted with the same number of glycosaminoglycan chains. The chains were
      the same average length and charge as normal and were sulphated to the same
      extent as the controls. Newly synthesized extracellular proteoglycan was not
      preferentially degraded. A 2-3-fold increase in glycosaminoglycan synthesis
      occurred in control and catabolin-treated cartilage in the presence of beta-D
      xyloside (1 mM), more than 80% being secreted into the medium as free chains.
      Decreased incorporation of sulphate was not reversed in the presence of lysosomal
      enzyme inhibitors, and there was no evidence in pulse-chase experiments of
      increased intracellular degradation of glycosaminoglycan chains before secretion.
      It is concluded that catabolin-treated cartilage synthesizes a smaller number of
      normal proteoglycan molecules.

PMID- 3873938
TI  - Construction and partial characterization of a human liver cDNA library.
AB  - Total messenger RNA (mRNA) was isolated from adult human liver and copied to give
      complementary DNA (cDNA) with reverse transcriptase. Double stranded cDNA was
      cloned by GC tailing into the PstI site of the plasmid pAT153; approximately 2000
      recombinant clones were isolated. The sensitivity of the bacterial cells to
      ampicillin was used as a marker to study the stability of the library during
      consecutive overnight growth in mixed liquid culture. A significant change in the
      composition of the library was observed after three overnight cultures. A
      heterologous rat albumin cDNA recombinant and two specific oligonucleotides were
      used to screen the library, and clones containing sequences of the human
      mitochondrial rRNA- and the alpha-1 antitrypsin-genes were isolated.

PMID- 3873939
TI  - Active uptake of MPP+, a metabolite of MPTP, by brain synaptosomes.
AB  - Mouse brain synaptosomal preparations were used to study uptake of N-methyl-4
      phenylpyridine (MPP+), a metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl
      1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine). The uptake of [3H]-MPP+ by striatal synaptosomes was
      approximately 25 X greater than that of [3H]-MPTP, with a KM of 0.48 microM and a
      Vmax of 5.3 nmoles/g tissue/min. Uptake was Na+ dependent and inhibited by
      ouabain, cocaine and dopamine (Ki 0.12 microM). Synaptosomes prepared from the
      corpus striatum accumulated [3H]-MPP+ at a rate 5-10 times higher than
      preparations from other brain regions. This selective uptake of MPP+ may
      contribute to the specificity of the toxic effects of MPTP on nigrostriatal
      dopaminergic neurons.

PMID- 3873940
TI  - Isolation and purification of a Clq-anti Clq precipitin ring enhancing protein
      from sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - We have isolated and purified to apparent homogeneity a serum protein which
      appears to be a biological marker for active rheumatoid arthritis. The protein
      has been found in the sera in all 44 active rheumatoid arthritis patients thus
      far studied and is absent from, or present in undetected amounts, in sera from
      normal subjects or from patients with other arthritides. The protein has a
      molecular weight of 135,000 daltons, an isoelectric pH of 5.1-5.3, and it
      enhances the size of the C1q-anti C1q ring.

PMID- 3873941
TI  - Some erythromycin derivatives are strong inducers in rats of a cytochrome P-450
      very similar to that induced by 16 alpha-pregnenolone carbonitrile.
AB  - Erythromycin derivatives having lost the cladinose moiety, erythralosamine and
      its mono- and diacetate, are strong inducers of liver cytochrome P-450, better
      than troleandomycin, in rats. The major cytochrome P-450 form induced by all
      these macrolides is electrophoretically and immunologically indistinguishable
      from the major form induced in rats by pregnenolone carbonitrile. This form is
      particularly able to metabolize the macrolides and to lead to the corresponding
      456 nm absorbing cytochrome P-450 metabolite complexes in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 3873942
TI  - Topically applied nitropyrenes are potent inducers of cutaneous and hepatic
      monooxygenases.
AB  - The inducibility of skin and liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 dependent aryl
      hydrocarbon hydroxylase and other monooxygenases by a mixture of nitropyrenes was
      assessed and compared with the parent non-nitrated compound, pyrene. A single
      topical application of nitropyrenes to neonatal rats resulted in highly
      significant induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, ethoxycoumarin O-de
      ethylase, and ethoxyresorufin O-de-ethylase activities in skin and liver after 24
      hours. Inducibility of the skin and liver enzymes was 3.9-5.7 fold and 1.8-10.3
      fold respectively. On the other hand, aminopyrine N-demethylase, benzphetamine N
      demethylase and epoxide hydrolase activities in the liver were unaffected by
      topically applied nitropyrenes. Furthermore, treatment with nitropyrenes produced
      a 1 nm shift to the blue region in the wavelength maximum of hepatic microsomal
      cytochrome P-450. Topically applied pyrene produced only marginal or no effects
      on cutaneous and hepatic enzyme activities. Our results suggest that nitration of
      pyrene, a relatively ineffective enzyme inducer, produces nitropyrenes which are
      potent inducers of hepatic and cutaneous monooxygenases and they resemble 3
      methylcholanthrene in this inducing effect.

PMID- 3873943
TI  - The specificity of antibodies to the F(ab')2 fragment of human IgG.
AB  - The specificity of IgG anti-F(ab')2 antibodies was examined by unfractionated
      sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and also with affinity-purified
      antibody preparations. Examination of the sera by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay, using pooled human F(ab')2 fragments absorbed to microtiter plates,
      revealed that IgG anti-F(ab')2 antibodies cross-react with human and rabbit IgG
      and rabbit F(ab')2. IgG anti-F(ab')2 antibodies were purified by affinity
      chromatography and, when tested by a fluid-phase inhibition enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay, were found to be of 2 types. One fraction, similar to pepsin
      agglutinator, reacted with human F(ab')2 fragment alone. The other fraction was
      cross-reactive with human IgG and yet failed to react with idiotopes on Fab or
      epitopes on Fc fragments. The IgG anti-F(ab')2 antibodies we purified had no
      reactivity toward a human immune complex prepared from tetanus toxoid and
      antitoxoid.

PMID- 3873944
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus in a premature infant.

PMID- 3873945
TI  - Nephrotic syndrome induced by tiopronin: association with the HLA-DR3 antigen.

PMID- 3873946
TI  - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura with high-titer, speckled pattern antinuclear
      antibodies: possible marker for systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3873947
TI  - Application, to Japanese patients, of the 1982 American Rheumatism Association
      revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - The 1982 American Rheumatism Association revised criteria for the classification
      of systemic lupus erythematosus were tested on Japanese patients. Sensitivity and
      specificity data were comparable with those presented in the development of the
      revised criteria by the American Rheumatism Association. Complement
      determinations were evaluated for their ability to improve the criteria for the
      diagnosis of early systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3873948
TI  - Autoantibodies in Argentine patients with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)

PMID- 3873949
TI  - Acidic cysteine proteinase inhibitor in seminal plasma.
AB  - A cysteine proteinase inhibitor with acidic isoelectric point (pI = 4.7-5.0) was
      found in human seminal plasma. Its apparent molecular mass is 16 kDa. It inhibits
      cysteine proteinases like ficin, cathepsin H, cathepsin B and papain. The
      inhibitory activity of seminal plasma against ficin is almost the same as that of
      human serum.

PMID- 3873950
TI  - A new monooxygenase product from 7-ethoxycoumarin and its relation to the O
      dealkylation reaction.
AB  - The widely used fluorometric microsomal monooxygenase test for 7-ethoxycoumarin O
      dealkylation was reinvestigated with regard to other possible hydroxylation
      products. By HPLC-analysis no beta-hydroxylation of the ethyl group and no 8
      hydroxylation could be detected. Only a small percentage of 6-hydroxylation
      occurred, but as a new major metabolite 7-ethoxy-3-hydroxycoumarin was found in
      quantities depending on the microsomal preparation used. The ratio of O
      dealkylation to 3-hydroxylation varied according to species, induction, buffer
      and pH, suggesting that different isozymes of cytochrome P450 were involved. The
      isozyme mainly responsible for 3-hydroxylation exhibited a great dependence on
      cytochrome b5 as the donor for the second electron. The fluorometric test does
      not include 3-hydroxylation due to the virtual absence of an emission spectrum
      above 450 nm.

PMID- 3873951
TI  - [In vitro synthesis of interleukin 2 (IL-2) by T lymphocytes extracted from a
      lymphoepithelial thymoma. Purification and biochemical characterization].
AB  - T (E+) lymphocytes purified from lymphoepithelial thymoma surgically removed from
      an asymptomatic 12 yrs old girl were cultured in presence of PHA-P; culture
      supernatant contained a T cell growth factor (IL-2) biochemically different from
      that purifiable from supernatants of normal T cells. Differences in molecular
      weight, isoelectric point and ion exchange elution pattern would allow to compare
      this abnormal IL-2, (named Thy-IL-2 from Thymus) to that already characterized
      from the HUT 102 T cell line (L-TCGF peak II). A comparison of biochemical
      properties of Thy-IL-2 and normal IL-2 (N-IL-2) is also presented; the biological
      significance of such differences are discussed.

PMID- 3873952
TI  - [Immunological monitoring of brain tumors--prognosis based on T-lymphocyte
      subpopulations and skin testing for delayed hypersensitivity].
AB  - We have already reported on the usefulness of the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin
      test and the purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test in predicting the
      prognosis of brain tumor patients. This paper outlines our investigation of T
      lymphocyte subpopulations and analysis of their utilization. The cellular
      immunological states of brain tumor patients were examined by means of PHA and
      PPD skin tests, the blastogenic response of T-lymphocytes to PHA and the T
      lymphocyte subpopulations. Our subjects consisted of 10 cases of glioma (8
      astrocytoma, 2 ependymoma), 2 cases of meningioma, one of teratoma, one of
      hemangioblastoma and 4 of metastatic brain tumor. These were divided into 2
      groups: the benign group, which included low grade astrocytoma, meningioma,
      teratoma and hamangioblstoma, and the malignant group which included malignant
      glioma and metastatic brain tumor. The T-lymphocytes were counted by monoclonal
      antibody assay using Ortho-mune T-lymphocyte monoclonal antibody (OK series). We
      then counted an analysis to determine metastatic brain tumor. The T-lymphocytes
      were counted by monoclonal antibody assay using Ortho-mune T-lymphocyte
      monoclonal antibody (OK series). We then conducted an analysis to determine
      whether or not the T-lymphocyte subpopulations could be of value in the
      prediction of the possible prognosis of patients. The results were as described
      below. Ratio of helper/inducer T-lymphocytes (OKT 4 positive cells: Th) to
      suppressor/cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (OKT 8 positive cells: Ts) were 1.78 +/- 0.18
      in the benign group and 1.00 +/- 0.49 in the malignant group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3873953
TI  - Effects of recombinant leukocyte interferon (rIFN-alpha A) on tumour growth and
      immune responses in patients with metastatic melanoma.
AB  - Studies were initiated to assess the response of patients with disseminated
      melanoma to recombinant alpha interferon (rIFN-alpha A) and to monitor effects of
      rIFN-alpha A on several tests of immune function. Twenty patients were treated
      with rIFN-alpha A given by i.m. injection in escalating doses from 15 to 50 X
      10(6) um-2. The responses of two patients were considered unevaluable. Of the
      remainder there was complete remission of tumour in two and stable disease in
      two. Subsequent progression of tumour in one of the latter patients coincided
      with development of antibodies to IFN. Side effects (usually fatigue) were dose
      rate limiting in 11 patients. Laboratory tests on samples taken 6 hours after
      rIFN-alpha A indicated a marked lymphopenia and a reduction in natural killer
      (NK) cell activity particularly against K562 target cells. Longer term changes
      measured in samples taken 2 days after the previous rIFN-alpha A injections
      consisted of neutropenia and an increase in the T4/T8 ratio due mainly to a
      relative increase in OKT4 positive T cells compared to OKT8 positive T cells. NK
      activity against the K562 target cell increased in most patients during the first
      week of treatment and then returned to below or near pretreatment levels
      thereafter against the K562 target cell. This contrasted with NK activity against
      the melanoma target cell which showed a more gradual increase over the duration
      of the treatment in 6 patients. The latter correlated with an increase in mitogen
      stimulated IL 2 production from their blood lymphocytes and may indicate that the
      cytotoxic activity resulted from lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. These
      results confirm the activity of rIFN-alpha A against melanoma in certain
      patients. They suggest that further studies are needed to select patients who may
      respond to rIFN-alpha A and to optimize treatment regimens. Tests of IL 2
      production and LAK activity may assisted in achieving these objectives.

PMID- 3873954
TI  - Release of interleukin I and low-molecular-weight lymphocyte-activating factors
      by rat peritoneal macrophages and its enhancement by acute non-specific
      inflammatory processes.
AB  - Peritoneal macrophages harvested from rats undergoing an acute non-specific
      inflammatory reaction induced by an injection of calcium pyrophosphate (CaPP)
      into the pleural cavity released increased amounts of interleukin I (IL-I)-like
      material. Lymphocyte-activating factors were also found in ultrafiltrates of the
      macrophage supernatants below 10 kd and 5 kd. A similar pattern of activity was
      observed when lysates of the macrophages were tested. In addition pre-exposure of
      normal peritoneal macrophages to an acute pleural inflammatory exudate before
      supernatant production enhanced the release of lymphocyte-activating factors
      found both in the unfractionated supernatant and a sub-5-kd ultrafiltrate. Thus
      these results demonstrate that an acute inflammatory reaction, initiated by a non
      antigenic stimulus is able to stimulate macrophages remote from the inflammatory
      site to produce a factor which behaves like IL-I in a standard IL-I assay. The
      presence of low-molecular-weight factors (less than 5 kd) with similar activity
      may suggest that degradation of IL-I has taken place to yield active fragments.
      Acute inflammatory exudate also augments release of these factors which may be
      important in the pathogenesis of inflammation.

PMID- 3873955
TI  - Secondary iron overload and the haemochromatosis allele.

PMID- 3873956
TI  - Is the HLA-linked haemochromatosis allele implicated in idiopathic refractory
      sideroblastic anaemia?
AB  - In order to assess the previously reported association of HLA-linked idiopathic
      haemochromatosis with idiopathic refractory sideroblastic anaemia (IRSA), the
      prevalence of HLA-A3 antigen in a group of 22 patients with IRSA was compared to
      that observed in healthy controls and in patients with homozygous idiopathic
      haemochromatosis and to that calculated for a population heterozygous for
      idiopathic haemochromatosis. The prevalence of A3 in patients with IRSA (0.23)
      was quite similar to that observed in controls (0.29) and significantly different
      from that observed in homozygous (0.73; P less than 10(-5] and heterozygous
      (0.57; P less than 10(-3] haemochromatosis. Serum iron, transferrin saturation,
      serum ferritin and liver iron concentration showed no difference in IRSA patients
      with or without A3. It is concluded that there is neither systematic association
      between the haemochromatosis allele and IRSA nor systematic implication of such
      an allele in the development of iron overload observed in IRSA.

PMID- 3873957
TI  - A regulatory role of activated T-lymphocytes on human megakaryocytopoiesis in
      vitro.
AB  - Cellular interactions responsible for regulating in vitro megakaryocytopoiesis
      were studied using a microagar culture system which permits the simultaneous
      proliferation of human megakaryocytic progenitor cells (CFU-M) and T-lymphocytic
      colonies (CFU-TL). The proliferation of these colony types depends mainly on two
      factors: phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and erythropoietin (EP). The direct addition
      of increasing PHA concentrations to the liquid overlayer resulted in a parallel
      increase of CFU-M and CFU-TL. If the T-lymphocytes were removed by an E-rosetting
      technique a marked diminution of CFU-M and CFU-TL numbers was observed. However,
      monocyte depletion resulted in a marked augmentation of CFU-M proliferation
      compared to unfractionated mononuclear cells. In order to confirm that the
      reduction of CFU-M proliferation observed after T-depletion was primarily
      mediated by the absence of T-lymphocytes, we have co-cultured different
      concentrations of previously removed autologous T-lymphocytes with a constant
      number of T-depleted bone marrow cells. A parallel increase of CFU-TL and CFU-M
      was found if 0.75 - 7.5 X 10(4) T-lymphocytes were added to the culture. In
      conclusion, our results indicate that activated T-lymphocytes augment
      proliferation of human bone marrow CFU-M and that monocytes are less important
      for the growth of megakaryocytic colonies.

PMID- 3873958
TI  - Standardization of prekallikrein activator (PKA): the 1st International Standard
      for PKA.
AB  - A international collaborative study was carried out to establish an international
      standard for prekallikrein activator (PKA). The candidate material, coded 82/530,
      was assayed against the Office of Biologics (FDA) PKA reference preparation No. 2
      (OoB 2) and the 1st British Reference Preparation for PKA. There was good
      agreement between participant laboratories on the relative PKA activity of the
      three preparations. Preparation 82/530 has been established by the World Health
      Organization as the 1st I.S. for PKA, with an assigned potency of 85
      International Units per ampoule.

PMID- 3873959
TI  - Rod-cone interactions and analysis of retinal disease.
AB  - Cone flicker threshold rises as the rods dark adapt, though the cone threshold to
      continuous light remains constant. The rise is normally about 1 log unit, but in
      certain patients who complain of night blindness it may be as great as 2.5 log
      units. In these persons the kinetics of the rod-cone interaction are those of the
      recovery of rod sensitivity. The rods impose a low-pass filter on the cones. This
      effect is absent in congenital nyctalopia and X-linked retinoschisis. We suggest
      that cone flicker is maintained through a feedback system involving horizontal
      cells, and when the rod dark current returns in dark adaptation this feedback is
      altered. Rod cone interaction thus tests rod dark current, and cases of abnormal
      interaction in patients with retinitis pigmentosa occur, which indicate that the
      transduction mechanism and the membrane dark current may be differentially
      affected.

PMID- 3873960
TI  - Pathogenesis and treatment of recurrent erosion.
AB  - A series of recurrent corneal erosions secondary to map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy
      is presented. Erosions were closely related to the Hudson-Stahli line, and this
      may be a factor in pathogenesis. Traumatic abrasions did not demonstrate such
      localisation, evidence that trauma is not a primary cause. A trial of management
      with therapeutic contact lenses versus topical medication was performed.
      Therapeutic contact lenses were shown to be inferior and had a high complication
      rate. Recurrent erosion is often considered an indication for therapeutic contact
      lenses, but this is questioned and great caution recommended in such use.

PMID- 3873961
TI  - Circulating antibodies to corneal epithelium in patients with uveitis.
AB  - We investigated the incidence of circulating corneal epithelium antibodies in
      patients with uveitis. A high percentage of the patients (42%) were positive,
      whereas only 4% of controls had these antibodies in their serum. Significantly
      more patients with anterior and diffuse uveitis had corneal epithelium antibodies
      than did those with posterior uveitis. Subdivision of anterior uveitis into HLA
      B27 positive versus negative patients showed a higher incidence of the antibodies
      in the HLA-B27 positive group. A previous history of uveitis may play a role in
      the pathogenesis of peripheral corneal thinning diseases, for which an autoimmune
      aetiology has been suggested.

PMID- 3873962
TI  - Adenine nucleotide metabolism and nucleoside transport in human erythrocytes
      under ATP depletion conditions.
AB  - The adenine nucleotides of human red cells were labeled by incubation of the
      cells with [3H]adenosine. Then, the cells were incubated in Tris-saline with
      various supplements that cause the loss of cellular ATP, and the degradation
      products were quantitated as a function of time of incubation at 37 degrees C.
      Incubation of the cells with 2.5 or 5 mM iodoacetate, iodoacetamide or 1 mM HCHO
      in combination with 5 mM KF and 50 mM deoxyglucose, 50 mM D-glucose or 10 mM
      inosine was most efficient in depleting the cells of ATP (100% in 0.5-1 h)
      without causing cell lysis. In iodoacetate- and iodoacetamide-treated cells
      practically all catabolism of ATP occurred via ADP----AMP----IMP----inosine---
      hypoxanthine with hypoxanthine accumulating in the medium. In HCHO-treated cells
      and in cells incubated in Tris-saline or in Tris-saline with deoxyglucose with
      and without KF, a substantial proportion of ATP (up to 50%) was catabolized via
      ADP----AMP----adenosine----inosine----hypoxanthine. Under all conditions, AMP
      deamination and IMP and AMP hydrolysis were rate-limiting reactions. IMP
      degradation was more rapid in iodoacetamide- and HCHO-treated than in iodoacetate
      treated red cells. It was also more rapid in fresh than in outdated red cells,
      and it was inhibited by Pi. Treatment with iodoacetamide and HCHO under ATP
      depletion conditions resulted in a 60-80% inhibition of uridine transport by the
      cells. Treatment with iodoacetate or deoxyglucose plus KF had only minor effects
      on nucleoside transport; thus, cells treated in this manner might be useful for
      studying the transport of adenosine and deoxyadenosine under conditions were
      their phosphorylation is prevented.

PMID- 3873963
TI  - Modulation of lyso-platelet activating factor: acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase from
      rat splenic microsomes. The role of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.
AB  - Incubation of rat splenic microsomes with the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP
      dependent protein kinase in the presence of Mg-ATP stimulated 2-3-fold lyso
      platelet-activating factor: acetyltransferase activity. This activation was due
      to an increase in the Vmax of the acetylation reaction, whereas the Km for acetyl
      CoA was not affected. The ATP derivative, AMPPNP, could not replace ATP and
      preincubation of the microsomes with the heat-stable inhibitor of protein kinase
      prevented the activation by Mg-ATP obtained in the presence of the protein
      kinase. Activation of the acetylation reaction by the protein kinase was
      reversible. Evidence is provided that the reversal of activation is due to
      dephosphorylation of the enzyme. These data provide evidence that in vitro lyso
      platelet-activating factor: acetyltransferase from splenic microsomes is
      regulated by phosphorylation.

PMID- 3873964
TI  - [Metabolic state of liver mitochondria and lymphocytes after T-activin
      administration under condition of hypothermia].
AB  - After 10 days of swimming (10 min per day, water temperature +20 degrees C) the
      oxygen consumption in rat liver mitochondria increased via the external pathway
      of NADH oxidation from 3.6 +/- 0.3 to 4.4 +/- 0,2 nmoles O2 x min-1 x mg-1
      protein; when the rats were simultaneously injected with an endogenous
      immunomodulator T-activin (5 micrograms/100 g body weight) daily, this rate
      increased up to 6.5 +/- 0.6 nmoles O2 x min-1 x mg-1 protein. In the control
      group, the uncoupled respiration rate is also higher, while the ascorbate+ +TMPD
      oxidation rate is lower than in the cold- and cold + T-activin-treated groups.
      The metabolic states of lymphocyte mitochondria did not differ in the three
      experimental groups. The respiration rates and delta psi m (monitored by diS-C3
      (5) fluorescence) of lymphocyte mitochondria in these three groups were also
      identical.

PMID- 3873965
TI  - Therapeutic implications of modulation of metabolism and functional activity of
      cerebral cortex by chronic stimulation of cerebellum and thalamus.

PMID- 3873966
TI  - [Effect of cytotoxic lymphocytes obtained by in vitro immunization with syngeneic
      lymphoma cells on pluripotent hemopoietic cells].
AB  - The possibility of the presence of leukemia-associated antigens on pluripotent
      hemopoietic cells was studied with the aid of immune lymphocytes, cytotoxic
      against mouse syngeneic lymphoma cells. Cytotoxic lymphocytes were obtained
      during immunization in vitro of C57BL/6 mouse splenocytes by syngeneic T lymphoma
      EL-4 cells in the presence of interleukin-2. Specific cytotoxic activity of
      immune lymphocytes as regards EL-4 cells was not blocked by addition of normal
      bone marrow cells. Incubation of the bone marrow with immune killers did not lead
      to a decrease in the number of colony-forming units in the spleen. It was shown
      that using cytotoxic lymphocytes the total killing of lymphoma cells might be
      achieved in a mixture of bone marrow and lymphoma cells, whereas pluripotent
      precursor cells might be retained.

PMID- 3873967
TI  - Effect of heparin on the inactivation rate of human activated factor XII by
      antithrombin III.
AB  - Human antithrombin III (ATIII) is a plasma inhibitor of several serine proteases
      of the blood coagulation system. Previous investigations have reported that the
      presence of heparin has a multifold accelerating effect on the inhibition of
      factor XIIa and XIIf, the active species derived from factor XII. Recent studies
      from our laboratories have confirmed that ATIII inactivates factor XIIa and
      factor XIIf, but only contributes 2% to 3% to the inhibition of activated factor
      XII species in plasma. The major inhibitor is C1 inhibitor. Therefore, we have
      reexamined the heparin effect on the rate of inhibition of factor XIIa and factor
      XIIf in purified systems. We also have studied the effect of heparin on the
      inactivation of both factor XII-derived active species by various plasmas. Using
      purified factor XIIa and ATIII, we found that heparin (0.7 to 34.0 U/mL)
      increased the rate of inhibition of Factor XIIa. However, at heparin
      concentrations usually achieved during anticoagulant therapy (0.7 U/mL), the
      inhibition was accelerated only fourfold. This implies only a 6% contribution to
      the inhibitory effect of plasma. This suggestion was confirmed by the observation
      that heparin (1.5 U/mL) added to factor XII-deficient plasma and reconstituted
      with factor XIIa did not produce a detectable enhancement of the rate of
      inhibition of factor XIIa. Furthermore, using purified factor XIIf and
      antithrombin III, heparin (3.6 to 57.2 U/mL) increased the inactivation rate
      constant of factor XIIf by 1.6 to 14.0 times. This small effect was confirmed by
      the observation that heparin at a concentration greater than that sufficient for
      anticoagulation (1.4 U/mL) did not modify the inactivation rate of factor XIIf by
      prekallikrein-deficient plasma, and thus C1 inhibitor remains the major inhibitor
      even in the presence of heparin. From this study and our previous investigations
      on the effect of heparin on the inhibition of kallikrein and factor XIa, we
      conclude that heparin does not significantly affect the protease activity of
      purified contact activation factors or the activities expressed by these
      proteases in plasma.

PMID- 3873968
TI  - Inhibition of tissue factor/factor VIIa activity in plasma requires factor X and
      an additional plasma component.
AB  - A study was carried out to explore requirements for the inhibition of tissue
      factor-factor VIIa enzymatic activity in plasma. Reaction mixtures contained
      plasma, 3H-factor IX or 3H-factor X, tissue factor (vol/vol 2.4% to 24%), and
      calcium. Tissue factor-factor VIIa activity was evaluated from progress curves of
      activation of factor IX or factor X, plotted from tritiated activation peptide
      release data. With normal plasma, progress curves exhibited initial limited
      activation followed by a plateau indicative of loss of tissue factor-factor VIIa
      activity. With hereditary factor X-deficient plasma treated with factor X
      antibodies, progress curves revealed full factor IX activation. Adding only 0.4
      micrograms/mL factor X (final concentration) could restore inhibition. Inhibition
      was not observed in purified systems containing 6% to 24% tissue factor, factor
      VII, 0.5 micrograms/mL, factor IX, 13 micrograms/mL, and factor X up to 0.8
      micrograms/mL, but could be induced by adding barium-absorbed plasma to the
      reaction mixture. Thus, both factor X and an additional material in plasma were
      required for inhibition. The amount of factor X needed appeared related to the
      concentration of tissue factor; adding more tissue factor at the plateau of a
      progress curve induced further activation. These results also indicate that
      inhibited reaction mixtures contained active free factor VII(a). Preliminary data
      suggest that inhibition may stem from loss of activity of the tissue factor
      component of the tissue factor-factor VII(a) complex.

PMID- 3873969
TI  - Interleukin 2 stimulates chronic lymphocytic leukemia colony formation in vitro.
AB  - The requirements of clonogenic cells of B cell-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia
      (B CLL) for interleukin 2 (IL 2) were analyzed. Using the cells of five patients,
      we measured IL 2 receptor expression on the cell surface and the colony-forming
      abilities of the cells in response to IL 2. In four of the cases, significant
      percentages of the CLL cells expressed IL 2 membrane receptors (as assessed with
      the monoclonal antibody anti-Tac), indicative of their potential sensitivity to
      IL 2. Pure recombinant interleukin 2 (r-IL2) was added to colony cultures that
      also contained the lectin phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or the phorbol ester 12-0
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to activate the CLL cells. Colony formation
      completely depended on the presence of r-IL 2 and PHA or TPA in culture, with the
      exception of one case, in which the addition of IL 2 was not required for colony
      growth in TPA-supplemented cultures. Twenty-five to fifty units of r-IL 2 per
      milliliter of culture medium provided optimal stimulation. Under these
      conditions, a linear relationship was observed between plated cell numbers and
      colony numbers formed. Morphological and immunologic analysis of colony cells
      indicated that these were monoclonal CLL cells that had matured toward
      plasmacellular lymphocytes and plasma cells.

PMID- 3873970
TI  - High-dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue: effectiveness in relapsed hairy
      cell leukemia.
AB  - Six patients with relapsed hairy cell leukemia after splenectomy were treated
      with high-dose methotrexate and leucovorin rescue. Five patients had objective
      responses as determined by improved blood counts. In two of them, the response
      has continued for more than 14 and 44 months, respectively. Intensive treatment
      with high-dose methotrexate and leucovorin rescue was well tolerated and no
      significant myelosuppression was seen.

PMID- 3873971
TI  - Terminology in T gamma lymphoproliferative disease.

PMID- 3873972
TI  - Impaired natural killer cell recycling in childhood chronic neutropenia with
      morphological abnormalities and defective chemotaxis of neutrophils.
AB  - Natural killer (NK) cell activity was measured by a 51Cr-release assay using K562
      target cells in 12 neutropenic children. NK cell activity was depressed in four
      patients who had childhood chronic neutropenia with abnormal neutrophil
      morphology and chemotaxis. The percentage of lysis at a 40:1 effector-target
      ratio was 28.4% to 42.1% (P less than .001) of the normal lymphocyte value during
      the study period (32 to 40 months). NK cell activity was normal in the other
      eight children with chronic neutropenia without any of these neutrophil
      abnormalities: lazy leukocyte syndrome, Shwachman syndrome, or
      dysgammaglobulinemia type I with neutrophil defects. NK cell activity of the four
      patients was depressed at 5:1 to 40:1 effector-target ratios. The NK cells
      responded to in vitro interferon (IFN)-alpha and interleukin 2, as did normal
      lymphocytes, but the activated levels were still lower than those of normal
      lymphocytes (P less than .01). Because NK cells kill a target through
      recognition, binding, killing, and detaching, and they repeat this lytic sequence
      (ie, recycling), the localization of the NK cell defect was further analyzed in
      the four patients using both 51Cr-release and single cell-in-agarose assays. The
      patients' NK cells were normal in recognizing, binding, and killing a target but
      were defective in recycling; the estimated maximum recycling capacity (MRC)
      values in a four-hour assay were 1.8 to 2.4 (P less than .01), as compared with
      the normal lymphocyte value of 5.5 +/- 0.6 (mean +/- SD). The stimulation of the
      effector cells with 1,000 U/mL IFN-alpha did not significantly increase the
      estimated MRC. These results demonstrate that NK cells are defective in recycling
      in some type of childhood chronic neutropenia with abnormal neutrophil morphology
      and chemotaxis. The NK cell deficiency is of clinical interest in terms of its
      relationship to the recurrent infections, development of malignancy, and
      dysgranulopoiesis in the disorder.

PMID- 3873973
TI  - Biochemical pathways of acute lung injury.
AB  - Complement fragments (C3, C3d, C5a), thromboxane B2 (TxB2), 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and
      immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) were measured in 98 patients at risk of developing
      the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): 53 multiple trauma, 28 abdominal
      surgery and 17 acute pancreatitis. Sixty-five of these patients developed ARDS:
      30 multiple trauma, 19 abdominal surgery and 16 acute pancreatitis patients.
      Forty of the 65 ARDS patients and 9 out of the 33 non-ARDS patients died. Mean
      value of the C3d to C3 ratio was abnormal in both ARDS and non-ARDS patients. C5a
      like activity was detected in 70 out of the 98 patients (49 ARDS and 22 non-ARDS
      patients). TxB2 abnormal values (greater than 100 pg . ml-1) were found in 70% of
      the patients, especially when sepsis occurred. No correlation could be made
      between abnormal 6-keto PGF1 alpha values and ARDS or sepsis. The mean peak IRT
      value was 675 micrograms . 1(-1) for ARDS patients and 274 micrograms . 1(-1) for
      non-ARDS patients (p less than 0.05). A firm correlation was also measured
      between IRT and sepsis (p less than 0.01). C5a-like activity was regularly
      detected soon after injury, while TxB2 and IRT tend to appear later in patients
      developing ARDS. Neither C3d/C3, nor C5a-like activity, nor TxB2, nor IRT are
      specific markers of ARDS, since they also appeared in severely ill patients who
      did not develop ARDS.

PMID- 3873974
TI  - Complement activation in the adult respiratory distress syndrome following
      cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - We investigated complement fractions in patients after extracorporeal circulation
      for coronary bypass operations or cardiac valve replacement, and in two cases
      developing an adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after this type of
      intervention. The patients presenting an ARDS had significantly increased levels
      of C3d (p less than 0.001), the small molecular breakdown product of C3,
      associated with decreased levels of total classic haemolytic activity (p less
      than 0.05) and of the complement component C1q (p less than 0.001) when compared
      to a group of 10 patients who had uneventful evolution after bypass. However, all
      patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass had significantly increased levels of
      C3d (p less than 0.005 or less) associated with significant decrease of various
      complement components within 24 h after bypass, when compared to a control group
      of 5 patients investigated after aorto-iliac bypass graft surgery. We conclude
      that significant complement activation can persist in patients 24 h after bypass
      and--at higher levels--be a pathogenic and biological marker of ARDS after
      extracorporeal circulation.

PMID- 3873975
TI  - Prekallikrein activation in the adult respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - Prekallikrein is the zymogen form of plasma kallikrein, a proteolytic enzyme of
      the contact system of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and kinin formation. To
      assess whether prekallikrein was activated in the adult respiratory distress
      syndrome (ARDS), we examined plasma samples from 12 critically ill patients
      including five individuals with ARDS. Using the ratio between functional
      prekallikrein and prekallikrein-kallikrein antigen as an index for prekallikrein
      activation, we found that prekallikrein was extensively activated in patients
      with ARDS, while this was significantly less in the case of critically ill
      patients without ARDS. Following activation of prekallikrein in plasma,
      kallikrein reacts with its substrates and with protease inhibitors, among which
      the alpha 2-glycoprotein C1-inhibitor. Thus, we examined whether C1-inhibitor of
      critically ill individuals was modified in a way suggesting that it had reacted
      with kallikrein. Such a modification was found in the five patients with ARDS,
      while it was not detectable in the seven patients without ARDS. This observation
      further confirmed the activation of prekallikrein in patients with ARDS. We
      suggest that plasma kallikrein-mediated reactions, which include bradykinin
      release and neutrophil activation, may contribute to the pathogenesis of ARDS.

PMID- 3873976
TI  - Cis-platin and methotrexate in the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of
      the urinary tract.
AB  - Nineteen patients with recurrent or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the
      urinary tract were treated with a 3-weekly combination of methotrexate 200 mg/m2
      as a 24-h infusion with folinic acid rescue and cis-platin 100 mg/m2. An
      objective response rate of 68% was obtained, with 4 patients (21%) achieving
      complete remission. Pulmonary disease and lymph node metastases were particularly
      sensitive to this therapy. The median duration of response was 21 weeks with a
      median survival of 54 weeks in the responding patients. This regimen warrants
      further investigation in the treatment of invasive bladder carcinoma.

PMID- 3873977
TI  - MPTP primate model of Parkinson's disease: a mechanographic and electromyographic
      study.
AB  - Movement parameters and electromyographic (EMG) studies were carried out in two
      macaque monkeys performing a rapid arm movement before and after administration
      of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Hypokinesia and rigidity
      were seen after repeated doses. Disturbances in both movements and EMG activity
      were similar to those reported in Parkinsonian patients.

PMID- 3873978
TI  - Effects of massive doses of alpha-MSH on thermoregulation in the rabbit.
AB  - alpha-MSH-related compounds may prove to be clinically useful antipyretics since
      the parent peptide is extremely potent in reducing fever, it is effective when
      given orally, and it neither stimulates corticosteroid activity nor has marked
      melanotropic effects in man. To determine whether or in what doses alpha-MSH
      might cause harmful side-effects, we injected doses greatly exceeding those
      required to reduce fever into a lateral cerebral ventricle of afebrile rabbits.
      One hundred to seven hundred and fifty micrograms alpha-MSH caused large and
      prolonged reductions in body temperature and the dose-response relation was bell
      shaped for both magnitude and duration. These doses caused no apparent injury to
      the animals. One mg alpha-MSH elicited hyperthermic responses that were variable
      in magnitude and duration. Animals that had previously received large doses of
      alpha-MSH (greater than or equal to 100 micrograms) did not develop hyperthermia,
      even when given 2 mg, indicating an acquired tolerance to this hyperthermic
      action of alpha-MSH. All animals, tolerant or previously uninjected, showed
      symptoms with doses greater than or equal to 1 mg alpha-MSH that included:
      increased salivation, agitation, ataxia, respiratory distress, and death (in 30%
      of the animals); those that recovered from these large doses resumed outwardly
      healthy appearance and behavior. Although alpha-MSH is toxic when given centrally
      in large doses, the 5000-fold difference between antipyretic and toxic doses
      indicates a wide safety margin should this peptide be used clinically as an
      antipyretic drug.

PMID- 3873979
TI  - The development of the relationship between dorsal root afferents and motoneurons
      in the larval bullfrog spinal cord.
AB  - The relationship of dorsal root afferents to motoneuron somata and dendrites was
      studied by labelling dorsal and ventral roots of the tadpole lumbar enlargement
      with HRP at different stages of hindlimb development. Procedures were used which
      allowed for sequential light and electron microscopic analysis to determine
      whether close appositions between labelled elements represented synaptic
      contacts. Lateral motor column (LMC) motoneuron dendrites grow first into the
      lateral funiculus, and later begin arborizing within the spinal gray, concurrent
      with the arrival of developing dorsal root afferent fibers. Mature-appearing
      synaptic contacts between dorsal root afferents and motoneuron dendrites are
      established first on distal dendrites, and are observed on progressively more
      proximal dendrites as hindlimb development proceeds. Migrating motoneurons were
      also labelled in some animals. Distinct dorsal and ventral migratory pathways
      were noted; cells migrating dorsally were contacted by developing dorsal root
      afferents. Migrating motoneurons were associated with radially oriented
      processes, and were often closely apposed to other cells. The coincident
      development of dorsal root projections and the motoneuron dendrites which these
      fibers innervate in the adult, as well as the interaction between these two
      systems during cell migration, suggest that these two systems may be
      interdependent in establishing their normal relationship during development.

PMID- 3873980
TI  - [Changes in optic anisotropy in isolated muscle cells during excitation
      contraction coupling].

PMID- 3873981
TI  - Morphological changes in leukemic lymphoblasts and normal lymphocytes treated
      with deoxyadenosine plus deoxycoformycin.
AB  - It remains unclear how lympholysis occurs in children with an inherited
      deficiency of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and in leukemic patients undergoing
      treatment with an inhibitor of ADA, deoxycoformycin. Adenosine deaminase
      deficiency with subsequent lympholysis can be simulated in vitro by treatment of
      lymphoid cells with deoxyadenosine plus deoxycoformycin. We found that such in
      vitro treatment caused fragmentation of the nucleus, disintegration of nuclear
      chromatin, and the formation of cytoplasmic blebs in T-lymphoblast lines, but not
      in B-lymphoblast lines. For all but one of the cell lines tested, the extent of
      morphological changes paralleled the sensitivity to growth inhibition by
      deoxyadenosine plus deoxycoformycin. Similar morphological changes were observed
      in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes treated with deoxyadenosine plus
      deoxycoformycin. These morphological changes were energy-dependent processes.
      They were preceded by inhibition of DNA synthesis and deoxyadenosine triphosphate
      (dATP) accumulation, but followed by depletion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
      and cell lysis. These changes may represent an intermediate step between
      metabolic alterations and lympholysis.

PMID- 3873982
TI  - Pulmonary artery catheter induced pulmonary artery rupture in patients undergoing
      cardiac surgery.
AB  - Pulmonary artery rupture is a rare but rapidly fatal complication of pulmonary
      artery catheter insertion and use. Rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment are
      essential to avoid mortality. Two cardiac surgical patients who suffered
      pulmonary artery rupture as a result of pulmonary artery catheter insertion and
      use are presented. These patients demonstrate two different presentations and the
      treatment of pulmonary artery rupture. A discussion of diagnosis, treatment,
      pathogenesis and prevention are presented.

PMID- 3873983
TI  - Delays in the primary vaccination of children.
AB  - The results of a population-based survey of 170 children's vaccination records
      were used to calculate the cumulative distributions of the ages (in months) at
      which each dose of vaccine had been received. Considerable delays in the
      administration of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and of the fourth dose of
      diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine were observed, particularly in children
      vaccinated by private physicians rather than at public health clinics. The delay
      before MMR vaccination causes concern because of the frequency of measles in
      children aged 1 to 2 years, particularly those attending day-care centres, and
      the fragility of the herd immunity against this disease. Physicians should follow
      up patients who have missed appointments for MMR vaccination if a voluntary
      measles control program is to succeed.

PMID- 3873984
TI  - A look at breast-feeding trends in Canada (1963-1982).

PMID- 3873985
TI  - Control of primary osteosarcoma with chemotherapy.
AB  - High-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor "rescue" (MTX-CF) produced an
      apparent complete response of the primary tumor in three patients with
      osteosarcoma. The response was sustained with MTX-CF, intra-arterial cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum II (CDP) and Adriamycin (doxorubicin) for 18 months.
      Treatment was then electively discontinued. Local recurrence occurred in two
      patients, 6 and 4 months later, respectively. MTX-CF was reinstated and a
      complete response was again achieved in one patient. This has been maintained for
      15+ months with MTX-CF and intra-arterial CDP administered for 13 of the 15+
      months. Reinduction with MTX-CF failed in the second relapsed patient but an
      apparent remission was again achieved with radiation and intra-arterial CDP. This
      has been maintained with intravenous CDP, cyclophosphamide and phenylalanine
      mustard for 14+ months. A complete response in the primary tumor was still
      present in the nonrelapsed patient, 42 months from diagnosis. All patients have
      remained free of pulmonary metastases, 40+ to 42+ months from diagnosis.

PMID- 3873986
TI  - The incidence of herpes zoster in patients with Hodgkin's disease. An analysis of
      prognostic factors.
AB  - The incidence of zoster in 717 patients with Hodgkin's disease was determined by
      a retrospective chart review. All patients had been treated and followed in one
      of six cancer centers. Prognostic factors that might predict the subsequent
      incidence of zoster were examined by univariate and multivariate analytic
      techniques. Intensity of treatment was a key factor in the incidence of zoster.
      Thirty-six months after initiation of treatment, patients receiving chemotherapy
      radiation-chemotherapy had twice the attack rate (27.3%) of those receiving
      radiation alone (11.5%). The pediatric age group had a significantly higher
      attack rate (26.6%) than did adults (18.7%). Stage, histology, and laparotomy did
      not influence the incidence of zoster.

PMID- 3873988
TI  - Production of antitumor T-cells in tumor-bearing mice treated with tumor vaccine
      and 6-mercaptopurine.
AB  - Treatment with both L1210 murine leukemia cell vaccine (L1210 vaccine) and 6
      mercaptopurine (6-MP) induced antitumor effector cells in the spleen and
      peritoneal cavity of L1210-bearing mice. The in vivo neutralization test showed
      that the spleen cells and peritoneal cells of mice treated with both agents, but
      not with either agent alone, prolonged the life span of animals simultaneously
      inoculated i.p. with live L1210 cells. These results indicate that these
      antitumor cells were associated with the augmented therapeutic response in L1210
      bearing mice treated with both agents. The neutralizing activity of peritoneal
      cells was located to a fraction not adhering to plastic flasks and abolished by
      the treatment of anti-Thy 1.2 antibody and complement, indicating that they were
      T-cells. The in vitro antiproliferation test confirmed these observations. The
      spleen cells and peritoneal T-cells of these mice suppressed L1210 proliferation.
      Their activity was tumor specific since they suppressed the in vitro
      proliferation of L1210 but not P388 and L5178Y cells. The in vivo association of
      antitumor T-cells with the augmented therapeutic effect was substantiated by the
      finding that rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte globulin abolished the induced
      therapeutic effect.

PMID- 3873987
TI  - DR antigens expressed on tumor cells do not contribute to the blastogenetic
      response of autologous T cells.
AB  - Tumor cell suspensions prepared from surgical specimens were characterized for
      cellular composition and reactivity with monoclonal antibodies detecting T
      lymphocytes, monocytes, and the monomorphic determinants of DR molecules
      (antigens encoded by the D region of the major histocompatibility complex in
      man). About half the adenocarcinoma preparations contained tumor cells which
      expressed DR antigens. Lymphocytes of certain patients were stimulated in vitro
      by the autologous tumor cells, and this was independent of the expression of DR
      antigens on the tumor cells. In addition, pretreatment of the stimulator tumor
      cells with anti-DR Mab (monoclonal antibody) had only marginal effect on their
      stimulatory potential. In contrast, when the same tumor cells were used as
      stimulators of allogeneic lymphocytes, proliferation was more often seen with DR
      positive tumors and the reaction was often inhibited by the anti-DR Mab
      treatment. There were exceptions, however, which suggest that other DR antigens
      not detected by the reagents used may have been expressed on these cells. The
      allostimulatory capacity of the tumor cells was usually weak and did not occur
      with all responder lymphocytes. It is important to note that stimulation of
      autologous lymphocytes could occur with tumor preparations that did not elicit
      allogeneic response. Thus, the in vitro stimulation of autologous blood-derived T
      cells by suspensions of unpropagated cells separated from solid tumors reflects
      the sensitization state of the patients against their tumor cells.

PMID- 3873989
TI  - Folate analogues as substrates of mammalian folylpolyglutamate synthetase.
AB  - The antifolate drugs methotrexate (MTX) and aminopterin (AM) have been tested as
      substrates for folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) partially purified from beef
      liver. The Km for MTX is 100 microM, and that for AM is 25 microM. These values
      are considerably higher than those for either tetrahydrofolate or folinic acid.
      Based on their ratios of Vmax to Km, AM is a better substrate than is MTX for the
      beef liver FPGS. Both are poorer substrates than tetrahydrofolate. The 7-hydroxy
      metabolites of MTX and AM also are substrates for FPGS. The reactivity of 7
      hydroxymethotrexate is similar to that of MTX, but 7-hydroxyaminopterin is a
      poorer substrate than AM. Folinic acid, often used as the rescue agent in high
      dose MTX therapy, has a low Km with mammalian FPGS (7 microM). Its activity is
      comparable to that of the best substrate, tetrahydrofolate. Low concentrations of
      folinic acid prevent the formation of polyglutamates of MTX. This inhibition is
      competitive, presumably because folinic acid and MTX are competing substrates for
      FPGS. The activities of folate and antifolate substrates also have been
      determined with rat liver FPGS. With near-saturating concentrations of AM, MTX,
      or 7-hydroxymethotrexate, the reaction velocity exceeds that with an optimal
      concentration of tetrahydrofolate. However, the Km values of the folate analogues
      all are greater than those of the tetrahydrofolate coenzymes. In contrast to the
      formation of long-chain polyglutamates observed when tetrahydrofolate or folinic
      acid was the substrate, beef liver FPGS, under our reaction conditions, cannot
      catalyze the formation from MTX monoglutamate of polyglutamates longer than the
      triglutamate. MTX di- and triglutamates are poorer substrates than is MTX itself.
      Longer polyglutamates of MTX, while having no activity as substrates, must bind
      to the enzyme, because they are inhibitors. Our observations using MTX and AM
      with the enzymatic FPGS system help to rationalize the therapeutic use of
      antifolates.

PMID- 3873990
TI  - Expected and realized benefits from coronary bypass surgery in relation to
      severity of illness.

PMID- 3873991
TI  - [Rehabilitation for work after myocardial infarct and after the reconstruction of
      coronary vessels].

PMID- 3873992
TI  - [HLA cytotoxins--the cause of positive indirect antiglobulin and LISS tests in
      pretransfusion examinations].

PMID- 3873993
TI  - Thymosin alpha 1-induced modulation of cellular responses and functional T-cell
      subsets in mice with experimental autoimmune thyroiditis.
AB  - The effects of Ta-1, a peptide constituent of thymosin fraction 5, were studied
      on murine autoimmune thyroiditis using two congenic strains of mice, B10.Br (Br)
      and B10.D2 (D2), which are sensitive and resistant to experimental autoimmune
      thyroiditis (EAT) induction, respectively. EAT was induced by either 2 weekly iv
      injections of mouse thyroglobulin with adjuvant lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or
      intradermal injection of thyroglobulin mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant
      (CFA). The criteria for induction and intensity of thyroiditis were the level of
      lymphoid infiltration in the thyroid gland and the titer of anti-thyroglobulin
      antibodies. Ta-1 was given in 5 or 10 daily sc injections in doses ranging from
      0.0001 to 0.1 microgram/injection. The injections were commenced at varying
      intervals from the 1st to the 4th week after immunization. T-Cell subsets in the
      spleens were determined 2 weeks after the first antigen injection and thyroid
      infiltration was determined 3 weeks later. Treatment with Ta-1 between the two
      antigen injections increased the level of thyroiditis in resistant mice, but had
      no effect in sensitive mice. Treatment for the first 2 weeks had similar effects
      in resistant mice, but also suppressed thyroiditis in the sensitive strain. Later
      treatments, during the 3rd and 4th weeks after immunization also revealed
      immunomodulating properties of Ta-1, with a suppressing effect on thyroiditis in
      sensitive mice and an enhancing effect in the resistant strain. Both effects of
      Ta-1 were dose dependent. The effects of Ta-1 on the individual phenotypes were
      also dose dependent. The dose of 0.01 microgram greatly lowered the percentages
      of Lyt-2+3+ cells in D2 mice and mildly increased the percentages in Br mice, but
      did not change the Lyt-1+ cell level in either strain. On the other hand, the
      dose of 0.001 microgram greatly increased the percentage of Lyt-1+ cells in D2
      mice and mildly decreased it in the Br strain, but did not alter the Lyt-2+3+
      cell subset in either strain. Thus, both doses of Ta-1 modulated Lyt-1+/2+3+
      ratios, with each dose affecting a different T-cell subset. The changes in the
      response to thyroglobulin are apparently exerted through the regulation of the
      functional T-cell subset balance.

PMID- 3873994
TI  - Are any functionally mature cells of medullary phenotype located in the thymus
      cortex?
AB  - Experiments were undertaken to test if thymocytes of "mature" or "medullary"
      phenotype were restricted to the medullary area of the thymus. A calculation
      based on direct cell counts on serial sections indicated that 11.5% of adult male
      CBA thymic lymphoid cells were within the medullary zone. Since only 3-4% of
      thymocytes were cortisone resistant, the majority of thymocytes within the
      medulla were, like cortical thymocytes, cortisone sensitive. A series of cell
      surface antigenic markers, used alone or in pairs, suggested that 13-15% of
      thymocytes were of medullary phenotype, somewhat more than the number of
      thymocytes actually present in the medulla. However, much of this discrepancy
      could be explained by differential death of cortical cells during isolation and
      staining, and by the existence in the cortex of a subpopulation of early blast
      cells which shared some, but not all markers with medullary thymocytes. A direct
      test for mature or medullary phenotype cells in the cortex involved selective
      transcapsular labeling of outer-cortical cells with fluorescent dyes, followed by
      multiparameter immunofluorescent analysis of the 10% labeled population. Outer
      cortical thymocytes included some cells (mainly early blasts) sharing some
      markers with medullary thymocytes, but very few (less than 1%) of these cells
      expressed all the characteristic "mature" markers. Limit-dilution precursor
      frequency studies showed the level of functional cells in the outer cortex was
      extremely low. The overall conclusion was that the vast majority of cells of
      complete "mature" phenotype are confined to the thymic medulla. These findings
      favor the view that thymus migrants originate from the thymic medulla, but do not
      exclude a cortical origin. The results also illustrate the need for
      multiparameter analysis to distinguish medullary thymocytes from early blast
      cells.

PMID- 3873995
TI  - Production and characterization of cytostatic protein factors released from human
      monocytes during exposure to lipopolysaccharide and muramyl dipeptide.
AB  - The effect of activating human monocytes in vitro with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
      and muramyl dipeptide (MDP) on the production of cytostatic protein factor(s)
      (CF) has been investigated, and an antiserum against CF has been raised and
      tested. Upon incubation for 7 hr with LPS, in vitro differentiated human
      monocytes released CF. During LPS exposure, the presence of the protein synthesis
      inhibitor cycloheximide, at concentrations which reduced the overall protein
      synthesis by 60 and 80%, reduced the amount of CF released by only 20 and 40%,
      respectively. This indicates that the released CF was to a large extent already
      present in the monocytes before exposure to LPS. Compared to LPS, MDP induced
      only modest CF release. However, when lymphokine-activated monocytes were exposed
      to MDP, an increased CF release was observed. By immunizing a rabbit with CF
      purified by ion-exchange chromatography, chromatofocusing, and gel filtration, an
      antiserum was raised which neutralized the cytostatic activity released from
      monocytes exposed to LPS or lymphokines/LPS in sequence on the fourth day of
      culture. The cytostatic activity obtained by incubating freshly isolated
      monocytes with LPS was inhibited by the antiserum to a lesser extent, indicating
      the presence of other cytotoxins or cytotoxic cellular products in addition to CF
      in supernatants from freshly isolated monocytes. Various CF preparations were
      tested for IL-1 activity; no correlation between IL-1 activity and cytostatic
      activity was observed. Moreover, upon gel filtration the CF and IL-1 activities
      could be separated from each other and are consequently associated with different
      proteins.

PMID- 3873996
TI  - Spontaneous and lymphokine-induced cytotoxic activity of monkey intestinal
      mucosal lymphocytes.
AB  - We determined the capacity of primate (macaque monkey) intestinal mucosal
      lymphocytes to mediate natural killer cytotoxicity, and characterized the nature
      of cells mediating this form of cytotoxicity in the intestine. Isolated macaque
      monkey intestinal mucosal lymphocytes were found to have intermediate levels of
      spontaneous cytotoxicity against K562 target cells compared to higher values
      found in lymphocytes of peripheral blood (PBL) and spleen and low values for
      mesenteric lymph node (MLN) lymphocytes. Intestinal lymphocytes were similar to
      PBL in having the same range of target cell specificites, in having augmentation
      of activity by interferon or interleukin 2, and in demonstrating specificity in
      cold target inhibition studies. Both intestinal and PBL spontaneous cytotoxic
      function in primates was mediated predominantly by cells bearing antigens cross
      reactive with the anti-human monoclonal antibody Leu-11. The percentage of Leu
      11+ lymphocytes was significantly lower in isolated intestinal, spleen, and MLN
      lymphocytes compared to peripheral blood. Furthermore, isolated intestinal
      lymphocytes differed from PBL in that intestinal Leu-11+ were predominantly Leu
      15-, while Leu-11+ PBL were predominantly Leu-15+. These studies demonstrate that
      the lower spontaneous cytotoxic function of intestinal mucosal lymphocytes
      compared to PBL is associated with a lower number of effector cells and with
      effector cells which differ qualitatively in expression of the Leu-15 antigen.

PMID- 3873997
TI  - Enhanced interleukin 1 (IL-1) production mediated by mouse serum amyloid P
      component.
AB  - Purified serum amyloid P component (SAP), the major acute-phase reactant of mice,
      induces enhanced interleukin 1 (IL-1) production by elicited
      monocytes/macrophages in vitro. SAP also enhanced IL-1 elaboration by macrophages
      from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-low responder mice and in the presence of polymyxin
      B, indicating that the small amounts of LPS present in the SAP preparation did
      not augment IL-1 production. Concentrations of SAP of 0.1 to 10.0 micrograms/ml
      enhanced IL-1 production by elicited and bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-activated
      peritoneal macrophages, but not by resident peritoneal macrophages. The
      inflammation-induced monocyte/macrophage population displayed selective binding
      of SAP. The mouse macrophage line P388D1, also could bind SAP and display
      enhanced IL-1 production in response to SAP. SAP did not bind to the macrophage
      cell line RAW264.7 nor did it enhance IL-1 secretion by this line. The results
      suggest that this acute-phase reactant has the potential to enhance inflammatory
      and immunological events mediated by IL-1.

PMID- 3873998
TI  - Regulation of growth of an interleukin 2 (IL-2)-dependent murine T-cell clone (HT
      2) in a defined serum-free medium.
AB  - In this study, we demonstrate that an IL-2-dependent T-cell clone (HT-2) can be
      grown in a serum-free medium (HB101) with defined additives at rates comparable
      to those which can be obtained in serum-containing medium. Further, we show that
      cells cultured in the serum-free medium in the absence of IL-2 arrest growth in
      the G1 portion of the cell cycle, and that these arrested cells can be stimulated
      to reenter the cell cycle upon the addition of IL-2 to the culture medium. Growth
      of these cells in the absence of serum requires the presence of IL-2 as well as
      other hormones and growth factors and 2-mercaptoethanol. HT-2 cells have been
      grown continuously in the serum-free medium for periods of up to 1 month.

PMID- 3873999
TI  - Accessory cell function of thoracic duct nonlymphoid cells, dendritic cells, and
      splenic adherent cells in the Brown-Norway rat.
AB  - Thoracic duct lymph of lymphadenectomized Brown-Norway (BN) rats is highly
      enriched for nonlymphoid cells (NLC) which share several characteristics with
      splenic dendritic cells (DC), e.g., the binding of monoclonal antibody OX2. The
      accessory cell activity of NLC was analyzed by comparing these cells with DC and
      splenic adherent cells (SAC). In concanavalin A (Con A)-induced T-cell
      proliferation NLC, like DC, were very effective accessory cells at low cell
      numbers, as a consequence of an efficient induction of interleukin 2 (IL-2)
      production and IL-2 responsiveness. Responses in the presence of SAC were poor,
      even after the addition of excess IL-2. A fourfold enhancement of accessory cell
      activity of SAC was achieved by the depletion of FcR-positive cells, which were
      responsible for suppression of the Con A response. Low responsiveness of BN rats
      with respect to Lewis rats can in part be explained by a higher suppressive
      activity of macrophages in the BN rat.

PMID- 3874000
TI  - Treatment of advanced breast cancer with 5-fluorouracil and high-dose folinic
      acid: preliminary results.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients with advanced breast cancer, all previously treated with
      hormonotherapy and/or chemotherapy, entered this study. Treatment was comprised
      of 5-day courses of folinic acid (200 mg/m2/day by i.v. bolus injection) and 5
      fluorouracil, given immediately afterwards at a dose of 340-370-400 mg/m2/day
      according to toxicity. Cycles were repeated every 28 days. The remission rate was
      60.7% (17/28): 10.7% CR (complete) (3/28), 50% PR (partial) (14/28), while 35%
      (1/28) had no change. Fourteen out of 23 patients previously treated with 5-FU
      also responded. The median duration of remission was about 6 months.
      Hematological toxicity was mild, while gastroenteric and ocular side-effects were
      important, even if not life-threatening. These data suggest that 5-FU combined
      with high-doses of folinic acid is effective in advanced breast cancer.

PMID- 3874001
TI  - Effects of chromium(VI) and chromium(III) on energy charge and oxygen consumption
      in rat thymocytes.
AB  - The cytotoxic effects of chromium compounds in two oxidation states have been
      studied in rat thymocytes. endogenous nucleotide levels and oxygen consumption
      were examined as relevant parameters of the physiological state of the cell.
      Incubation of rat thymocytes with Cr(VI) produced a marked unbalance of
      endogenous purine nucleotide pool and a parallel decrease in oxygen consumption.
      A close correlation between the reduction of oxygen consumption and ATP level in
      rat thymocytes treated with increasing concentrations of Cr(VI) has been found.
      In rat thymocytes permeabilized with digitonin and in isolated rat liver
      mitochondria both Cr(VI) and Cr(III) showed, at different range of
      concentrations, a marked inhibition of maximal oxygen consumption rate (uncoupled
      respiration). The effects observed were depending on chromium oxidation state and
      on different mitochondrial sites of substrate oxidation.

PMID- 3874002
TI  - Studies on peptides. CXXVI. Synthesis of the protected tetracosapeptide
      corresponding to positions 30-53 of mouse epidermal growth factor (EGF).

PMID- 3874003
TI  - Studies on peptides. CXXVII. Synthesis of a tripentacontapeptide with epidermal
      growth factor activity.

PMID- 3874004
TI  - In vitro and in vivo chemotherapy screening of the divalent cation chelator 1,10
      orthophenanthroline.
AB  - 1,10-Orthophenanthroline (OP) is a divalent cation chelating agent with known
      cytotoxicity to human normal and malignant T-lymphocytes. To determine whether OP
      might be a useful anticancer agent with specific T cell toxicity, OP's effect on
      cell growth was determined on colony-forming cells. The assay used supported
      growth of both malignant lymphoid and normal myeloid colony-forming cells (CFU-C)
      and thus a direct comparison of OP's antilymphoid and antimyeloid toxicity was
      obtained. The malignant lymphoid cells tested were established from patients at
      relapse and were resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic agents in vitro.
      While OP was found to be toxic to all cells tested, some selective kill of
      malignant cells over CFU-C occurred. OP's cytotoxicity was time-dependent and a
      three-log enhanced kill occurred when the drug exposure time was increased from 1
      to 24 h. When test cells were continously exposed to OP, the ID50 was less than 1
      micrograms/ml for malignant lymphoid cells and the sensitivity index (SI = x ID50
      CFU-C divided by x ID50 cell line) ranged from 1.5 to 3.0. The National Cancer
      Institute currently screens new compounds for antitumor activity by determining
      whether the test drug is toxic to a mouse lymphocytic leukemia cell line (P388).
      While the mouse P388 cells were sensitive to OP in vitro, no effect was seen when
      OP was administered in vivo, even when schedules designed to take advantage of
      OP's time-dependent toxicity were used. Since malignant cells were sensitive to
      OP (ID50 less than 1 micrograms/ml), and some selectivity over CFU-C occurred (SI
      greater than 1), OP may be a useful agent for control of leukemic cell growth in
      vitro. However, since OP did not control the growth of P388 cells in vivo,
      additional studies designed to enhance the therapeutic index of OP in vivo are
      needed.

PMID- 3874005
TI  - Chemical carcinogens induce cadmium resistance and activate metallothionein genes
      in cadmium sensitive S49 mouse cells.
AB  - Treatment of cadmium-sensitive (Cds) metallothionein-negative S49 mouse cells
      with two direct-acting chemical carcinogens (N-ethylnitrosourea or N-acetoxy-2
      acetylamino-fluorene) or with u.v. radiation induced a large increase in
      phenotypically stable cadmium-resistant (Cdr) variants. In contrast, treatment
      with any of three agents which alkylate proteins (N-ethylmaleimide, iodoacetate,
      or phenylmethyl-sulfonyl fluoride) was without effect. Similarly, treatment with
      2-acetylaminofluorene (a pre-carcinogen) or with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13
      acetate (a tumor promoter) did not result in an increase in Cdr variants. Initial
      studies indicate that in many variants the metallothionein-I gene, the
      metallothionein-II gene, or both have been activated. Thus the induction of
      cadmium resistance in Cds cells is a potentially useful system to explore the
      activation of quiescent genes by carcinogens.

PMID- 3874006
TI  - Immunological titration of 3-N-acetyl-hydroxyamino-4,6-dimethyldipyrido(1,2
      a:3',2'-d) imidazole-rat liver DNA adducts.
AB  - Antibodies to N-(guanosin-8-yl)-3-N-acetylamino-4,6-dimethyldipyrido(1,2-a :3',2'
      d)imidazole were elicited in rabbits by immunization with a conjugate formed
      between this compound and bovine serum albumin. The specificity of the antibodies
      was studied by radioimmunoassay. These antibodies were used to titrate the
      adducts formed in liver DNA of rats treated with 3-N-acetyl-hydroxyamino-4,6
      dimethyldipyrido(1,2-a:3',2'-d)imidazo le,p6 a supposed metabolite of the
      mutagenic amine 3-amino-4,6-dimethyldipyrido(1,2-a:3',2'-d)imidazole (Glu-P-3).
      It is found that Glu-P-3 residues are covalently bound to the C8 of guanine in
      acetylated form (70%) and deacetylated form (30%).

PMID- 3874007
TI  - Alpha-lactalbumin as a lysosomal enzyme-releasing factor.
AB  - In the early stage of mammary gland involution, biochemically detectable
      lysosomal damage occurs. The mechanism(s) underlying this damage is not well
      understood. We found that alpha-lactalbumin from mouse milk induced the release
      of enzymes from the lysosomes of mouse mammary epithelial cells in vitro, and
      this induction also occurred with bovine alpha-lactalbumin. This enzyme release
      was accelerated by the addition of whey proteins with a molecular weight of 50
      000 to 60 000. We also found that the lysosomal membrane of mammary epithelial
      cells had a strong affinity for alpha-lactalbumin.

PMID- 3874008
TI  - Selective accumulation of the first component of complement and leukocytes in
      ischemic canine heart muscle. A possible initiator of an extra myocardial
      mechanism of ischemic injury.
AB  - Myocardial concentrations of C1q, a subunit of the first component of complement,
      were measured 5-120 minutes after ligation of a coronary artery in dogs injected
      with 125I-labeled human C1q and 131I-labeled human albumin. The 131I-labeled
      human serum albumin was used as a plasma protein marker. Ischemic regions of
      myocardium were defined by measuring regional myocardial blood flow by the
      reference sample method at intervals after coronary artery occlusion. Significant
      accumulations of 125I-C1q were demonstrated in the ischemic myocardium after
      coronary artery occlusions lasting 45 minutes. Some localization of C1q in
      ischemic myocardium was observed after a 15-minute occlusion, but the
      accumulations of C1q achieved in this case were not statistically significant.
      After coronary artery occlusions lasting greater than or equal to 45 minutes,
      left ventricular concentrations of C1q correlated reciprocally with regional
      myocardial blood flow. Moreover, high concentrations of C1q persisted in formerly
      ischemic segments after reperfusion. Radiolabeled neutrophils also accumulated
      selectively in ischemic segments relatively rich in C1q. It is suggested that
      complement activation may initiate the neutrophil-dependent portion of ischemic
      injury, delineated in recent years, that is associated with free radical release
      by phagocytic cells.

PMID- 3874009
TI  - Improved graft patency in patients treated with platelet-inhibiting therapy after
      coronary bypass surgery.
AB  - One hundred forty-seven consecutive coronary bypass patients were enrolled in a
      randomized, double-blind, risk-stratified, placebo-controlled prospective trial
      evaluating the effect on graft patency of 325 mg tid aspirin (ASA) plus 75 mg tid
      dipyridamole (DP) or ASA alone. One hundred twenty-seven patients (399 total
      grafts) underwent surgery, initiation of drug therapy 67 +/- 27 (SD) hr
      postoperatively, five clinic visits, and repeat angiography at 1 year. A logistic
      regression statistical model was used to determine the effects of 28 different
      measured variables on graft patency and to adjust for these effects in
      determining the relationship between antiplatelet therapy and graft occlusion. No
      patient-specific variable contributed significantly to the prediction of
      occlusion in either the placebo or the treated group. Six graft-specific
      variables (arterial diameter, severity of stenosis, graft flow, reactive
      hyperemia, presence or absence of collaterals, and graft type) did contribute and
      were included in the model. Twenty-one percent of placebo-treated grafts became
      occluded. Compared with placebo, the relative risk of graft occlusion with ASA
      was 0.47 (p = .04); with ASA + DP, it was 0.50 (p = .04). This benefit was
      principally due to reduction of occlusion in the most common and presumably most
      important groups of grafts, those in which flow exceeded 40 ml/min, or supplying
      arteries having luminal diameters greater than 1.5 mm. Grafts lacking reactive
      hyperemia had a 32% occlusion frequency in placebo-treated patients; relative
      risk of their occlusion averaged 0.26 (p less than .01) with platelet-inhibiting
      therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3874010
TI  - Immunologic studies of peripheral blood lymphocytes and lymph nodes in Hodgkin's
      disease. A preliminary report.

PMID- 3874011
TI  - Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. Report of a case and review of the English
      language literature.

PMID- 3874012
TI  - Brainstem death.
AB  - A patient with the clinical picture of brain death resulting from brainstem
      hemorrhage and subsequent infarction is presented. The EEG showed activity
      similar to what has been described in the cerveau isole animal preparations.
      Cortical evoked potentials were unobtainable from auditory or somatosensory
      stimulation, but of unusually high amplitude to flash stimuli. The point is made
      that a diagnosis of brain death cannot be made on clinical grounds alone when a
      patient is on life support systems, and the differences between cerebral death,
      brainstem death and brain death are discussed.

PMID- 3874013
TI  - In vivo clearance and tissue uptake of an anti-DNA monoclonal antibody and its
      complexes with DNA.
AB  - In vivo clearance and tissue localization of a purified mouse anti-DNA monoclonal
      antibody (MoAb) (A52 IgG2b) and its complexes with DNA were studied in normal
      BALB/c and autoimmune NZB/NZW mice. The plasma half-life of the autoantibody in
      both mouse strains was significantly shorter (T 1/2 = 10-15 min), compared with
      that of purified NZB myeloma proteins (T 1/2 greater than or equal to 180 min).
      DNA antigen and DNA-A52 IgG complexes in antibody excess were cleared very
      rapidly (T 1/2 = 4-8 min), while complexes formed in antigen excess persisted in
      the circulation much longer (T 1/2 = 60 min). Organ studies showed that the anti
      DNA MoAb was transiently retained by the liver and the spleen but demonstrated a
      particular affinity for the kidney tissue. We suggest that tissue damage in SLE
      glomerulonephritis may be facilitated by direct interaction of anti-DNA
      antibodies with glomerular components.

PMID- 3874014
TI  - Determination of C1s-C1 inhibitor complexes in plasma by means of an enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - An enzyme linked differential antibody immunosorbent assay for the quantitation
      of the C1s-C1 inhibitor complex has been developed. A study of the assays'
      performance under various conditions has shown that before use in the assay, it
      is imperative to remove competing forms of C1s from the samples to be tested.
      This is conveniently achieved in human plasma or serum by polyethylene glycol
      precipitation of the C1qrs, since the C1s-C1 inhibitor complex remains soluble
      and can be assayed in the supernatant solution. The detection limit of the assay
      in the plasma milieu is 0.1 mg/l, and the concentrations of the C1s-C1 inhibitor
      complex were found to be 1 mg/l in citrated plasma and 2 mg/l in serum.
      Activation of the fibrinolytic system in vivo does not seem to result in any
      appreciable C1 activation, since there was no concomitant major change in the
      plasma concentration of the C1s-C1 inhibitor complex.

PMID- 3874015
TI  - T4 lymphopenia in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.
AB  - The numbers of cells bearing the T3 (pan-T cell), the T4 (putative helper/inducer
      cells), the T8 (putative suppressor/cytotoxic cells) and B cell phenotypic
      markers were counted in venous blood samples from 26 newly diagnosed pulmonary
      tuberculosis patients and 29 healthy controls from East Java. The absolute T cell
      count was lower in the patients and T4 cells were fewer in patients (mean
      748/mm3) than in controls (mean 1,043/mm3), but there were no significant
      differences in total T8 cell and B cell counts between patients and controls. The
      T4:T8 ratio was not disturbed in many patients, but it was less than 1.6 in 11 of
      26 patients and in only three of 29 controls: this ratio was less than 1.2 (the
      lower limit of 'normal') in six patients but no controls. The intensity of the T4
      lymphopenia was unrelated to the extent of the lesion seen radiologically or the
      size of the skin test reaction to PPD. Levels of interferon-alpha were not
      elevated in the serum of any of the patients or controls. It is suggested that
      the T4 lymphopenia was a reaction to the mycobacterial infection and not a
      manifestation of underlying secondary (acquired) immune deficiency.

PMID- 3874016
TI  - Evaluation of T cell subsets in Behcet's syndrome using anti-T cell monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Several immunological abnormalities have been described in Behcet's syndrome, the
      multisystem disease characterized by the triad of relapsing iridocyclitis with
      recurrent oral and genital ulcerations. In the present study we have evaluated T
      cell subsets in the peripheral blood of patients suffering from Behcet's
      syndrome, using a panel of anti-T cell monoclonal antibodies. When compared with
      normal subjects, patients with Behcet's syndrome show a discrepancy between the
      number of T3+ cells and those forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, a
      significantly higher number of T4+ and T8+ double labelled cells, as well as of
      T6+ lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. The percentage of T8 T lymphocytes is
      increased, thus lowering the T4+/T8+ cell ratio. The results of this study
      indicate that a complex imbalance of T cell subsets is present in Behcet's
      syndrome and give a rationale for possible treatment of these patients with
      immunomodulators.

PMID- 3874017
TI  - T lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis. I. T cell death in vitro.
AB  - A large proportion of T lymphocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of acute
      infectious mononucleosis (IM) patients rapidly die when cultured in vitro, with
      greater than 50% dying within 12-15 h of seeding and up to 80% dying within 24 h.
      The cells die by apoptosis, a morphologically distinct mode of cell death that
      occurs in circumstances where death is a regulated event such as in embryonic
      development and hormone-dependent atrophy. In contrast, the level of cell death
      remained low in cultures of lymphocytes from controls and in the T cell depleted
      subpopulation from acute IM patients, with less than 2% and 10% of the
      lymphocytes dying by apoptosis after 36 h in culture, respectively. The rapid
      death of acute IM T cells in vitro does not involve soluble factors (including
      the serum fraction) or T cell to T cell contact. It is suggested that this
      observation may necessitate a re-evaluation of IM T cell function in vitro.

PMID- 3874018
TI  - T lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis. II. Response in vitro to interleukin-2
      and establishment of T cell lines.
AB  - The addition of 20% interleukin-2 (IL-2) significantly reduced the percentage of
      T lymphocytes dying in vitro after being isolated from the peripheral blood of
      acute infectious mononucleosis (IM) patients. Moreover, the immediate addition of
      20% IL-2 to freshly isolated blood allowed IM T cell lines to be readily
      established from the peripheral blood of acute IM patients. Characterization of
      seven of these IM T cell lines showed them to be T3+, T11+, T4-, T9- and
      generally T10-. Over half of the lines characterized were T8+. It will now be
      possible to re-evaluate IM T cell effector functions as previous assays of IM T
      cell functions may have been influenced by the presence of rapid and extensive T
      cell death in vitro.

PMID- 3874019
TI  - Relationship between intensity of infection and immunomodulation in human
      schistosomiasis. II. NK cell activity and in vitro lymphocyte proliferation.
AB  - Natural killer (NK) cell activity against K-562 targets and lymphoproliferative
      responses to Con A, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Con A + IL-2 were examined in a
      group of 41 Sudanese children suffering from schistosomiasis mansoni and
      haematobium. The results were correlated to the intensity of infection as
      determined by enumeration of parasite ova in urine and stool. NK cell activity
      measured at three effector to target cell ratios was significantly depressed in
      the patient group as compared to a German control group. Impairment of NK cell
      activity showed a direct relationship with the patients' parasite load.
      Furthermore lymphoproliferation to Con A, IL-2 and Con A + IL-2 was depressed in
      the group of patients. Interestingly the costimulation effect of IL-2 expressed
      as coefficient of delta ct/min(Con A + IL-2)/delta ct/minCon A correlated
      significantly to the intensity of infection suggesting that lymphocytes from
      heavily infected patients were defective in producing appropriate amounts of IL-2
      in response to Con A. Our findings support the concept that heavy infections with
      S. mansoni and/or S. haematobium induce a peculiar dichotomy of cellular and
      humoral immune parameters. Whereas T cell-dependent cellular immune
      responsiveness and NK cell function decrease with increasing worm burden specific
      IgE and IgG antibody responses increase.

PMID- 3874020
TI  - Immunoregulation of the in vitro anti-HBs antibody synthesis in chronic HBsAg
      carriers and in recently boosted anti-hepatitis B vaccine recipients.
AB  - We report a study on immunoregulation of in vitro antibody to hepatitis B surface
      antigen (anti-HBs) synthesis induced by pokeweed mitogen (PWM) from peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)
      carriers and in 'high responders', (anti-HBs RIA ratio greater than or equal to
      20 in serum), recently boosted with anti-hepatitis B vaccine. Anti-HBs was
      detected in 11 days PBMC supernatants (SN) from 24 out of 36 'high responders',
      but in none from 31 chronic HBsAg carriers, despite detectable amounts of
      polyclonal IgG and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) were produced.
      The lack of anti-HBs production by chronic HBsAg carriers did not seem to be
      determined by suppressor influences because T lymphocytes from the majority of
      chronic HBsAg carriers, co-cultured with 'high responders' PBMC did not suppress
      anti-HBs production. Co-cultures between HBsAg carriers T4 positive
      (helper/inducer) cells and allogenic 'high responder' non-T cells produced anti
      HBs antibody, indicating that HBsAg carrier T cells are not deficient in this
      allogenic helper function under PWM stimulation. Allogenic cocultures between
      HBsAg carrier non-T cells and 'high responder' T4 positive cells failed in anti
      HBs production: a specific B lymphocyte defect might be involved in the lacking
      anti-HBs synthesis in chronic HBV patients. Antigen-induced specific anti-HBs
      synthesis experiments indicate that B cells themselves seem to be the target for
      HBsAg-induced suppression of anti-HBs antibody response.

PMID- 3874021
TI  - Abnormal in vitro proliferation and differentiation of T colony forming cells in
      AIDS patients and clinically normal male homosexuals.
AB  - T cell colonies were generated from the peripheral blood and bone marrow of 11
      patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), 17 normal male and
      female heterosexuals and seven clinically normal male homosexuals. Mononuclear
      cells were cultured in methylcellulose both in the absence and presence of
      interleukin-2 (IL-2) containing conditioned medium. Clinically normal homosexuals
      showed a low number of T4+ (P less than 0.01) but not T8+ cells. The number of T
      cell colony forming cells (T-CFC) from both AIDS patients and homosexuals was
      significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced compared to T-CFC from normal
      heterosexuals. In seven and four out of 11 AIDS patients, T-CFC from peripheral
      blood and bone marrow, respectively, were able to generate colonies in the
      absence of added growth factors and/or mitogenic stimulation. Pooled spontaneous
      and induced colonies from AIDS patients as well as induced colonies from normal
      homosexuals were composed of immature cells bearing the T3+, T4+, T6+ T8+ surface
      phenotype, unlike colonies from normal heterosexuals which displayed mature cells
      bearing the T3+ T4+ T6- and T3+ T8+ T6- surface phenotype. Moreover, most T-CFC
      from primary spontaneous and induced colonies had lost their self-renewal
      capacity either in the absence or the presence of added growth factors. These
      results suggest that early impairment of T-CFC may play a predominant role in the
      pathogenesis of AIDS.

PMID- 3874022
TI  - Interleukin-1 production by mononuclear cells from patients with scleroderma.
AB  - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from
      patients with scleroderma and healthy controls was studied. Supernatants from
      unstimulated PBMC cultures from 10 of 13 patients with progressive systemic
      sclerosis (PSS) had significantly less IL-1 activity as measured by thymocyte
      proliferation than controls. IL-1 activity per monocyte/macrophage in both
      patients and controls was 10 times greater when PBMC were cultured at 10(5)
      cells/ml compared to 10(6) cells/ml. Five-fold dilution of supernatants from PBMC
      cultured at 10(6) cells/ml revealed more IL-1 activity than undiluted supernatant
      and addition of indomethacin increased IL-1 activity primarily of the undiluted
      supernatant. The results show that IL-1 activity from crude PBMC supernatants
      from PSS patients is low and may be regulated by non-dialysable inhibitors
      produced by PBMC and/or cell interactions.

PMID- 3874023
TI  - Expression of HLA-B27 antigens on mononuclear leucocytes in ankylosing
      spondylitis.
AB  - Differences in expression of HLA-B27 antigens on immune competent cells might
      play a role in the susceptibility to environmental factors which may be
      responsible for the initiation of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Using a
      quantitative complement-mediated lymphocytotoxity assay we determined the
      expression of HLA-B27 antigens on the membranes of mononuclear cells obtained
      from 20 patients with AS, four patients with other seronegative arthropathies and
      eight healthy controls. The variation in expression of B27 between individuals
      was quite extensive, but there was no significant difference in the mean
      titration curves obtained for each of the three groups. These findings suggest
      that the expression of HLA-B27 antigens on the membrane of mononuclear leucocytes
      does not play a role in the pathogenesis of AS.

PMID- 3874024
TI  - Detection and partial characterization of human B cell colony stimulating
      activity in synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The joint fluids of 37 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, eight patients with
      traumatic injuries to their joints, two patients with Reiter's syndrome and three
      patients with psoriatic arthritis were tested for the presence of B cell colony
      stimulating activity (B cell CSA). B cell CSA was found in all of the joint
      fluids from the patients with rheumatoid arthritis but in none of the joint
      fluids from patients with traumatic injuries to their joints or in the joint
      fluids from the patients with Reiter's syndrome. A trace of B cell CSA was found
      in the joint fluid of one of the three patients with psoriatic arthritis. There
      was a positive correlation (r = 0.796) between the amount of rheumatoid factor
      present in the joint fluids and the titre of B cell CSA. This correlation was
      highly significant (P less than 0.001). The B cell CSA was localized to
      component(s) with molecular weight ranges 115-129 kD and 64-72 kD and an
      isoelectric point of 6.8. Its activity was sensitive to reduction with 2
      mercaptoethanol and to the oxidising action of potassium periodate.

PMID- 3874026
TI  - Transfer of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis to normal syngeneic mice by
      injection of mouse thyroglobulin-sensitized T lymphocytes after activation with
      concanavalin A.
AB  - Induction of autoimmune thyroiditis in normal syngeneic CBA/J mice was achieved
      by injection of 72-hr concanavalin A (Con A)-induced lymphoblasts from donor mice
      which had been immunized with mouse thyroglobulin (MTg) emulsified with complete
      Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Injection of lymph node or spleen cells, or frequent
      injection of serum taken from mice with autoimmune thyroiditis failed to transfer
      appreciable thyroiditis to recipient mice. Selection by treatment of incubated
      cells with monoclonal antibody and complement revealed that effector cells in Con
      A-induced lymphoblast populations for the transfer of autoimmune thyroiditis were
      Thy-1.2+, Lyt-1.1+, and Lyt-2.1- lymphocytes. These results demonstrate that
      experimental autoimmune thyroiditis can be adoptively transferred into naive mice
      by activated Thy-1+, Lyt-2- lymphoblasts.

PMID- 3874025
TI  - Family distribution of anti-F(ab')2 antibodies in relatives of patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Recently we reported an inverse relationship between the levels of anti-F(ab')2
      antibodies and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The
      present study focused on anti-F(ab')2 antibodies in unaffected relatives of SLE
      patients. Sixty sera from first degree family members from 11 SLE families and 49
      sera from 8 control families were studied. Percentage of SLE family members with
      anti-DNA antibodies (15%) was higher than than control family sera (8%, P less
      than 0.05). Anti-F(ab')2 antibodies were measured using ELISA assays. The SLE
      family sera had higher amounts of anti-F(ab')2 antibodies than the normal control
      family group (P = 0.0051). In an effort to determine if anti-F(ab')2 antibodies
      found in high titres in the sera of some SLE family members had specificity for
      the F(ab')2 fragment of anti-DNA antibodies of the SLE relative patients, DNA
      anti-DNA inhibition experiments were performed using anti-F(ab')2 prepared from
      the relative in parallel with anti-F(ab')2 prepared from normal controls with
      equivalent high titres of serum anti-F(ab')2. Inhibition exhibited by anti
      F(ab')2 of first degree relatives was higher than that obtained from control
      normal donors (P less than 0.02). Such differences in inhibition were not
      recorded using a control tetanus toxoid-anti-tetanus toxoid assay. In direct
      binding ELISA experiments, peroxidase-conjugated anti-F(ab')2 antibodies from the
      same first degree relative showed high relative specificity against purified anti
      DNA antibodies of his SLE proband when compared to those obtained against
      different anti-DNA antibodies isolated from unrelated SLE patients (P less than
      0.001). Such a substantial difference was not observed in parallel experiments
      using peroxidase conjugated anti-F(ab')2 antibodies from normal controls
      unrelated to SLE subjects.

PMID- 3874027
TI  - Defects in mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) function in autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr
      mice.
AB  - MRL-lpr/lpr mice develop an autoimmune disease similar to systemic lupus
      erythematosus. To determine whether mice of this strain develop defects in
      mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) function similar to those observed in
      patients, the pattern of sequestration of labeled immune complexes was compared
      90 min after infusion into MRL-lpr/lpr and into normal B6D2 mice. The amount of
      complexes persisting in the blood was increased, and the amount sequestered in
      the liver was significantly reduced in MRL-lpr/lpr mice in comparison to normal
      B6D2 controls. This defect was most evident in MRL-lpr/lpr mice of the ages of 25
      26 weeks; mice of this age also demonstrated the greatest elevation of anti-DNA
      antibody levels. The role of the MRL strain background and of the lpr gene in
      determining this defect was investigated by analysis of MRL-+/-/+/- and of other
      lpr congenic strains (B6-lpr/lpr, AKR-lpr/lpr, and C3H-lpr/lpr). Both MRL-+/-/+/-
      and congenic lpr animals showed similar defects, although to a lesser degree than
      MRL-lpr/lpr mice. In contrast, MRL-lpr/lpr mice demonstrated normal clearance of
      heat-damaged red blood cells and heat-aggregated albumin. Thus MRL-lpr/lpr mice
      display a selective defect in MPS Fc receptor function and may provide a valuable
      model for elucidating the etiology and importance of MPS dysfunction in immune
      complex deposition disease.

PMID- 3874028
TI  - Proliferation of T8-positive cytolytic T lymphocytes in response to thyroglobulin
      in human autoimmune thyroiditis: analysis of cell interactions and culture
      requirements.
AB  - These experiments were designed to analyze the involvement of T-lymphocyte
      subpopulations in autoimmune thyroid disorders such as Graves' Disease (GD) and
      Hashimoto's Disease (HD). In a first set of experiments, lymphocytes isolated
      from thyroid infiltrates or from peripheral blood of GD and HD patients were
      analyzed for the expression of various surface antigens. While HLA-DR + T cells
      were numerous among thyroid infiltrating T lymphocytes in both groups of
      patients, the proportions of T8 + cells (as defined by their reactivity with the
      B 9.4 monoclonal antibody specific for T8 surface molecule) were strikingly
      different in HD and GD. In the latter group of patients only 19% of infiltrating
      T cells were T8 +, whereas these cells represented approximately 50% in four HD
      patients. Given the previous demonstration that all T cells expressing T8 antigen
      are cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) or their precursors (CTL-P) in conjunction with
      the fact that lymphocytes from HD or GD patients are known to proliferate in
      vitro in response to human tg (Htg), we further analyzed the T-cell subset(s)
      responsible for in vitro proliferation to Htg. In these experiments, peripheral
      blood T lymphocytes purified from patients with GD or HD were cultured with 1
      microgram/ml Htg and irradiated autologous T-depleted mononuclear cells as the
      source of antigen presenting cells (APC). The proportions of T8 + cells declined
      considerably during culture in GD patients, but at Days 6 to 9, T8 + cells
      represented as much as 51% of cultured T lymphocytes from patients with HD.
      Moreover, the majority of T8 + cells were medium-large size lymphoblasts. Removal
      of Htg at Day 6 resulted in both abrogation of proliferative responsiveness and
      in decreases of T8 + percentages. Further analysis of the cell interactions
      leading to T8 + cell proliferation in response to Htg showed that helper/inducer
      T cells, as defined by 5/9 antigen expression, were strictly required.
      Collectively, these features are reminiscent of the T-cell involvement in
      experimental autoimmune thyroiditis of mice and stress for the first time the
      potential role of CTL in tissue damage occurring in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

PMID- 3874029
TI  - IgG antibodies to the histone complex H2A-H2B characterize procainamide-induced
      lupus.
AB  - Patients treated with procainamide and other drugs commonly develop antinuclear
      antibodies and occasionally symptoms of lupus erythematosus. However, the
      pathological events which lead to clinical symptoms in some patients but only
      abnormal serology in others have not been established. The present study examines
      the incidence, amount, immunoglobulin class, and antigen-binding specificity of
      anti-histone and anti-denatured DNA (anti-dDNA) antibodies in three groups of
      patients. These comprised a prospective study of patients treated with
      procainamide, patients with clinical drug-induced lupus symptoms, and a group
      undergoing therapy for many years without any symptoms. Procainamide elicited IgG
      and IgM anti-dDNA antibodies concordantly. Anti-histone IgM antibodies also
      appeared de novo during this period but IgG anti-histone antibodies were detected
      less frequently. Asymptomatic patients tended to have an antibody profile
      consisting of highly elevated anti-dDNA, IgM antibodies reactive with all
      histones and IgG antibodies specific for only one or two histone classes. In
      contrast symptomatic patients usually had little anti-dDNA or antibodies to
      individual histones but had pronounced IgG antibodies to the histone complex H2A
      H2B. This unique antibody was characteristics of procainamide-induced lupus and
      was not detected in patients whose disease was induced by hydralazine. Anti-(H2A
      H2B) decreased after procainamide was discontinued, concomitant with subsidence
      of symptoms. The finding that autoantibodies elicited by procainamide in patients
      with lupus symptoms have a characteristic immunoglobulin class and specificity
      may be of pathogenic significance and suggests that patients susceptible to
      procainamide-induced lupus have a unique immune response. In addition, this
      information could be of diagnostic value in predicting which procainamide-treated
      patients will develop overt symptoms of lupus.

PMID- 3874030
TI  - Evaluation of natural killer cell activity in patients with persistent
      generalized lymphadenopathy and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Natural killer (NK) cell activity was quantitated using 51Cr release from the
      human erythroleukemia cell line K562 in 39 heterosexual males, 60 asymptomatic
      homosexuals, 39 patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL), and
      16 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). PGL and AIDS patients
      showed a slight decrease in NK cell activity compared to control groups. Absolute
      numbers of Leu 11a-positive cells were decreased in PGL and AIDS patients, and
      this decrease correlated with a decrease in absolute number of both the T4+ and
      T8+ cell subsets. Autologous plasma inhibited NK cell activity in 48% of
      asymptomatic homosexuals, 63% of PGL patients, and 63% of AIDS patients, but in
      none of the heterosexual controls. NK cell responses in fetal calf serum, normal
      human plasma, or autologous plasma showed no correlation with absolute numbers of
      T4+ cells, or with T4/T8 ratio. We conclude that NK cell responses are not of
      prime importance in the pathogenesis of PGL and AIDS.

PMID- 3874031
TI  - The fine specificity of IgG antiguanosine antibodies in systemic lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - The antigen specificity, isotype, and subclass of antinuclear antibodies may be
      related to their pathogenicity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our
      laboratory found that IgG antibodies that bound the nucleoside, guanosine,
      occurred frequently in SLE patients. In contrast, sera from healthy subjects
      contained IgM but not IgG antiguanosine antibodies. The present studies were
      designed to characterized the fine specificity of IgG antiguanosine antibodies in
      SLE and compare them with IgM antiguanosine antibodies in normal sera. Serum
      antinuclear antibodies from six healthy subjects and six SLE patients were
      isolated by affinity binding to guanosine and measured by an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IgM in normal sera, and both IgM and IgG in SLE sera
      bound guanosine. IgM antiguanosine antibodies in normal sera were polyspecific
      and bound other nucleosides and 1-methylguanosine but not denatured DNA (ssDNA).
      In contrast, IgG antiguanosine antibodies from the SLE patients bound guanosine
      and ssDNA but not other nucleosides or 1-methylguanosine. SLE IgM antiguanosine
      antibodies had the same fine specificity and bound guanosine and ssDNA but not
      any of the other nucleosides. These results suggest that SLE IgG and IgM
      antiguanosine antibodies have fine specificity in contrast to the polyspecific
      IgM antibodies in normal sera. In addition, subclass analysis indicated that all
      SLE patients had either IgG1 or IgG3 subclass of antiguanosine antibodies that
      bind complement. Characterizing the isotype, subclass, and fine antigen
      specificity of antiguanosine antibodies should assist in evaluating their
      potential pathogenicity in SLE.

PMID- 3874032
TI  - Compartmentalized immune responses: antigen-specificity of cerebrospinal fluid T
      cell lines maintained in the absence of antigen.
AB  - The generation of long-term interleukin 2-dependent T-cell lines from
      anatomically compartmentalized sites of pathology offers a unique approach to the
      investigation of certain autoimmune diseases. However, it is generally believed
      that antigen-specific T-cell lines and clones lose antigen reactivity and
      specificity when propagated in the absence of antigen. Therefore, the optimal
      application of this approach to such diseases in which the pathogenetic antigens
      are unknown may be difficult. In approaching this problem, we have recently
      demonstrated that a proportion of antigen-specific T-cell lines derived from the
      peripheral circulation can maintain antigen specificity if propagated with
      antigen-presenting cells alone or with antigen-presenting cells together with
      OKT3 antibody, but in either case in the absence of antigen. In this report we
      describe the use of this approach to maintain the antigen specificity of T cells
      obtained from an anatomically compartmentalized site of pathology--the
      cerebrospinal fluid from a patient with tuberculous meningitis. We report here
      that a proportion of the T-cell lines generated from such cerebrospinal fluid
      lymphocytes can be maintained as antigen specific in the absence of antigen if
      propagated with either antigen-presenting cells alone or with antigen-presenting
      cells and OKT3 antibody. The approach illustrated in this report should now find
      broad applicability in the investigation of a number of autoimmune disease.

PMID- 3874033
TI  - Cell cycle-dependent fluctuations in IgE secretion in a human myeloma line.
AB  - IgE production was examined in a human myeloma cell line (U266) in cultures in
      exponential growth and in cultures where cell growth was synchronized by
      thymidine blockade. Antibody secretion is shown to be restricted to late G1/early
      S phases of the cell cycle in synchronized cultures, as judged by the slope of
      the curve relating supernatant IgE levels to time. Employing the ELISA-plaque
      assay to enumerate cells in active IgE secretion, the frequency of the latter was
      also shown to peak in S phase. These data collectively suggest that IgE gene
      transcription occurs only during limited periods of the cell cycle. These results
      are discussed in terms of using U266 to study the mechanism of action of
      regulatory T-cell factors which affect IgE synthesis and/or secretion.

PMID- 3874034
TI  - Detection and quantitation of circulating immune complexes in arterial blood of
      patients with rheumatic disease.
AB  - We developed antigen-nonspecific enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA) to quantitate
      IgG-C3- and IgM-C3-containing circulating immune complexes (CIC) in venous and
      arterial blood from rheumatic disease patients. Standards were diethylaminoethyl
      (DEAE)-purified, heat-aggregated IgG incubated with fresh human serum (for IgG-C3
      CIC) and IgM rheumatoid factor-rich serum incubated with reduced, alkylated IgG
      and then with fresh human serum (for IgM-IgG-C3 CIC). Venous serum and plasma IgG
      C3 and IgM-C3 CIC correlated closely (P less than 0.01). Rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA) and systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) patients had elevated levels of venous
      IgM-C3 CIC (P less than 0.0001) but not IgG-C3 CIC; patients with vasculitis,
      inflammatory rheumatic diseases, or noninflammatory rheumatic diseases had mean
      values similar to normal individuals. Venous IgG-C3 and IgM-C3 CIC did not
      correlate. Paired venous and arterial samples from 16 rheumatic disease patients
      averaged comparable amounts of IgG-C3 and IgM-C3 CIC, respectively; venous and
      arterial IgM-C3 CIC levels in patients significantly exceeded normals (P less
      than 0.05). Venous and arterial IgG-C3 CIC levels correlated closely (P less than
      0.01) as did venous and arterial IgM-C3 levels (P less than 0.05). Thus, arterial
      CIC offered no advantage over venous determinations for rheumatic disease
      patients. IgM-C3 CIC were elevated in patients with RA and SLE when IgG-C3 CIC
      were not. Ig isotype-specific CIC quantitation may be useful for certain
      rheumatic diseases.

PMID- 3874035
TI  - Macrophage chemotaxis in anti-tubular basement membrane-induced interstitial
      nephritis in guinea pigs.
AB  - Interstitial renal lesions containing T cells and macrophages develop after 14
      days in guinea pigs immunized to produce anti-tubular basement membrane-induced
      interstitial nephritis. We serially examined the renal venous and systemic
      arterial sera from such animals to determine if chemotactic factors were released
      across their kidneys. Our findings demonstrated the presence of a macrophage
      specific renal chemoattractant with peak detectability on Days 10-14, just
      subsequent to the deposition of alpha TBM-Ab, but prior to the development of
      significant renal injury. We propose that such factors may provide important
      communication signals in the immunopathogenesis of this form of interstitial
      injury.

PMID- 3874036
TI  - Circulating Fc-receptor blocking factors in IgA nephropathies.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with primary IgA nephropathy, 7 patients with Henoch
      Schonlein nephritis and 4 patients with IgA nephropathy associated to alcoholic
      liver cirrhosis were tested for Fc-receptor phagocyte function by measuring the
      clearance of radiolabelled IgG-sensitized erythrocytes in vivo and the immune
      phagocytosis by monocytes in vitro. Meanwhile IgG-, IgA-, IgA1-, IgA2-,
      containing immune complexes, the complement components C3, C4, C3d and the HLA-A,
      B, DR phenotype were determined. The patients with major urinary abnormalities
      were well discriminated from those with only minimal hematuria by a defective
      macrophage function (p less than 0.01) and high levels of IgA immune complexes (p
      less than 0.02). Since non HLA-A, B, C, DR phenotype was prevalent in patients
      who had defective Fc-receptor function, whereas a significant correlation was
      found between Fc-receptor impairment and levels of IgA immune complexes, it
      appears likely that circulating blocking factors, possibly related to IgA
      containing immune materials, may impair macrophage function in IgA nephropathies.

PMID- 3874037
TI  - Effect of fluoxetine on psychomotor performance, physiologic response, and
      kinetics of ethanol.
AB  - The effects of fluoxetine, a specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on the
      psychomotor performance, physiologic response, and kinetic disposition of ethanol
      were examined. Fluoxetine (30 or 60 mg) with ethanol (45 ml absolute alcohol per
      70 kg body weight) did not alter the plasma or blood concentrations of fluoxetine
      or ethanol, respectively, when compared with levels after either drug alone.
      There was no significant effect on standing or recumbent blood pressure or heart
      rate after single or multiple doses of fluoxetine alone or in the combination.
      Single or multiple doses of fluoxetine had no effect on the psychomotor activity
      (stability of stance, motor performance, or manual coordination) or subjective
      effects of alcohol. Data indicate that fluoxetine does not inhibit ethanol
      metabolism nor does it have any effects on its psychomotor activity.

PMID- 3874038
TI  - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory effect of sulindac sulfoxide and sulfide on
      gastric mucosa.
AB  - Gastric injury resulting from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is thought to
      require direct contact of the drug with the gastric mucosa. An inactive form of a
      drug (as a prodrug) should protect against mucosal damage. Because sulindac
      sulfoxide has little effect on prostaglandin synthesis until it is reduced to
      sulindac sulfide after absorption, we performed a double-blind, crossover
      endoscopic study in 15 normal subjects to compare the prodrug sulindac sulfoxide
      (200 mg b.i.d.), the active sulfide metabolite sulindac sulfide (100 mg b.i.d.,
      which yields similar sulfide blood concentrations), a positive control (aspirin,
      650 mg q.i.d.), and a negative control (placebo). Each drug was taken for 1 week
      and gastric mucosa were endoscopically assessed before and after 2, 5, and 7 days
      of dosing. Aspirin predictably damaged the gastric mucosa, whereas the effects of
      sulindac sulfoxide and sulindac sulfide could not be distinguished from those of
      the placebo. We conclude that sulindac sulfoxide as a prodrug is not directly
      responsible for the reduced severity of gastric mucosal lesions. Both sulindac
      sulfoxide and sulindac sulfide are poorly soluble in acid gastric contents and
      the reduced damage may relate to the inability of high concentrations of the drug
      to enter gastric mucosal cells.

PMID- 3874039
TI  - Hypereosinophilic syndrome preceding T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma.

PMID- 3874040
TI  - T lymphoblastic transformation of refractory anaemia with excess of blasts.

PMID- 3874041
TI  - Humoral and cellular immune response in ocular histoplasmosis.

PMID- 3874043
TI  - Release of leukocyte elastase during hemodialysis. Effect of different dialysis
      membranes.

PMID- 3874042
TI  - Complement activation during hemodialysis. Comparison of polysulfone and
      cuprophan membranes.

PMID- 3874044
TI  - Oxygen consumption and blood gas exchange during controlled and intermittent
      mandatory ventilation after cardiac surgery.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the consequence of intermittent
      mandatory ventilation (IMV) on gas exchange, cardiac function, and blood
      oxygenation immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass grafting. The results showed
      a marked increase in oxygen uptake, cardiac index, and pulmonary artery pressure,
      and a decrease in mixed venous oxygen saturation of 20 adult patients recovering
      from surgery. These effects may have been associated with the presence of an
      endotracheal tube, because 2 h after removal of this tube there were significant
      decreases in elevated cardiac function and blood oxygenation variables, while
      mixed venous oxygen saturation increased from 64% to 75% (p less than .001).
      These results suggest that IMV can dramatically increase oxygen uptake, cardiac
      index, and pulmonary artery pressure in awake and intubated patients.

PMID- 3874045
TI  - Persistence of pneumocystis.

PMID- 3874046
TI  - Persistence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome. Evaluation of therapy by follow-up transbronchial lung biopsy.
AB  - The effectiveness of therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and/or
      pentamidine has not been fully evaluated in AIDS patients with Pneumocystis
      carinii pneumonia (PCP). Since recurrence of PCP is common, follow-up lung biopsy
      (15 transbronchial, one open) was performed as part of the clinical evaluation of
      16 episodes of PCP. All patients had shown evidence of clinical improvement
      during treatment and had received a mean duration of therapy of 17.6 days. In six
      of 16 episodes (38 percent), however, a repeat biopsy remained positive for PCP
      an average of 25.2 days after initial diagnosis. Retrospective comparison of
      standard clinical parameters (fever response, arterial blood gas results,
      roentgenographic characteristics) could not adequately distinguish episodes with
      positive follow-up biopsies from those with negative biopsies. Persistence of PCP
      after conventional treatment may be an important factor in recurrences of this
      infection in AIDS patients.

PMID- 3874047
TI  - [Pre- and postoperative conditions in the self evaluation of 3 groups of surgical
      patients].
AB  - This article studies the self-assessed pre/postoperative course of the
      psychological condition of 3 patient groups (hernia, aorto-coronary bypass and
      cancer patients) and healthy controls. Some consequences for clinical work are
      discussed.

PMID- 3874049
TI  - Levator syndrome. A treatment that works.
AB  - Forty-five patients with levator syndrome were treated by high voltage
      electrogalvanic stimulation of the levator ani by means of an intra-anal probe.
      Voltage varied from 150 to 400 volts, depending on patient tolerance. Negative
      electrodes and 80 cycles per second were used for 20 minutes every other day. An
      average of five treatments was needed for complete pain relief. Excellent results
      (total pain relief) were obtained in 36 patients, good results in five, fair
      results in two, and poor results (no relief) in two. High voltage electrogalvanic
      stimulation is the treatment of choice for levator syndrome because it can be
      standardized, is well tolerated, and is over 90 percent effective.

PMID- 3874048
TI  - Enteroclysis in the diagnosis of chronic unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding.
AB  - In a six-year period (1977-83), lesions were identified by enteroclysis in 26
      patients with melena or recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding undiagnosed by other
      modalities. These included nine Meckel's diverticula, three metastatic lesions,
      three primary carcinomas, one lipoma, four leiomyomas, five surgically created
      blind pouches, one carcinoid, and one idiopathic dilatation of the ileum. Our
      experience suggests that, when the standard diagnostic procedures used to
      investigate chronic gastrointestinal blood loss are unrevealing, enteroclysis
      should be performed. The method is fast, accurate, is done in one sitting, and
      can be productive in the diagnostically difficult patient.

PMID- 3874050
TI  - Rectal hemorrhage from ulcerated appendiceal stump nine years after appendectomy.
      Report of a case.
AB  - Significant lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage from an ulcerated appendiceal stump
      after remote uncomplicated appendectomy is reported. The diagnosis was
      established by pathologic examination of the surgical specimen, but the area of
      bleeding was localized by preoperative colonoscopy. Angiography or isotope scan
      might also have identified the site of more rapid bleeding.

PMID- 3874051
TI  - Serum PABA and fluorescein in the course of Bz-Ty-PABA and pancreolauryl test as
      an index of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
AB  - Forty-six subjects (20 chronic pancreatitis, 7 chronic liver disease, 7 recovered
      from acute pancreatitis, 2 Crohn's disease, and 10 healthy controls) classified
      by S-C test as having normal pancreatic function (26 subjects), or moderate (10
      subjects) and severe (10 cases) pancreatic insufficiency, were given, on
      different days, 1 g of oral PABA or 348 mg of oral fluorescein dilaurate. At the
      1st, 2nd, and 4th hours (PABA) and the 2nd, 4th, and 6th hours (fluorescein)
      serum samples were taken for assay. In the presence of severe exocrine pancreatic
      insufficiency, the sensitivity of the fluorescein serum levels was higher than
      that observed for the PABA (100% and 80%, respectively), and quite similar to
      that shown by the urinary tests (100% and 70%, respectively). On the contrary, in
      presence of moderate pancreatic insufficiency, both the urinary test
      (pancreolauryl and (PABA) give a sensitivity higher than that found in the serum
      tests (30-40% and 10-30%, respectively). The parallel combination of both the
      serum or urinary tests does not significantly improve the sensitivity of the
      single test. These results suggest that the serum PABA and serum fluorescein
      tests can be valid choice when a prolonged urinary collection is difficult, i.e.,
      in children and in elderly patients. However, the slight diagnostic gain does not
      justify the routine use of both urinary and serum tests.

PMID- 3874052
TI  - [Protection of cells by nucleoside transport inhibitor combined with nebularine
      and the therapeutic effect on transplantable mouse tumors].

PMID- 3874053
TI  - The epidemiology of leprosy in Yimbo location Siaya District.

PMID- 3874054
TI  - [Evaluation of leukemogenic and immunogenic properties of leukemic cells modified
      by neuraminidase of non-cholera Vibrios on the model of Rauscher leukemia].
AB  - The leukemogenic activity of modified leukemic cells was studied in experiments
      on the 385 BALB/c mice with Rauscher leukemia by transplantation of different
      amount of treated cells. Immunogenicity of modified leukemic cells was estimated
      under conditions of three-fold immunization of animals 2 days later by the cells
      dose equal to 1.10(6) which began 24 h after the leukemia transplantation. The
      effect of immunotherapy of neuraminidase-modified leukemic cells results in
      elongation of animal lifetime, presence of less pronounced changes in the
      peripheral blood and spleen as well as in stimulation of cell immunity factors.

PMID- 3874055
TI  - [Immunomodulating effect of cyclophosphamide in experimental chemotherapy of
      transplanted tumors].
AB  - A comparative morphofunctional analysis of lymphoid cells of BALB/c mice with the
      transplantable tumours was performed after the cyclophosphamide (CP) treatment.
      CP was injected by 3 schemes in a dose of 200 mg/kg of body weight. It was found
      that the more effective therapeutic scheme of CP treatment is accompanied by
      essential normalization of the ratio of lymphocyte populations in the lymph nodes
      against a background of a comparatively good state of proliferating cells as well
      as by a higher rate of restoration of proliferative responses to T and B cell
      mitogens in vivo.

PMID- 3874056
TI  - Mesenteric venous infarction presenting as an upper GI bleeding and diagnosed by
      upper GI endoscopy.
AB  - A case of primary mesenteric vein thrombosis with extensive small bowel infarct
      beginning at the ligament of Treitz presented as upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
      Although endoscopy of the upper GI tract disclosed erosive gastritis this finding
      was considered insufficient to explain the hematemesis; therefore the endoscope
      was advanced further until a necrotic and aperistaltic-looking mucosa was found
      in the area of the ligament of Treitz. This paper describes the endoscopic
      picture of necrotic duodenal mucosa, and stresses the importance of a deeper
      examination into the duodenum when a clear-cut cause for the bleeding is not
      found in the stomach or duodenal bulb.

PMID- 3874057
TI  - Structure and expression of the mRNA for murine granulocyte-macrophage colony
      stimulating factor.
AB  - A cDNA containing a virtually complete copy of the mRNA for the haemopoietic
      growth regulator, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), has
      been isolated from a murine T lymphocyte cDNA library. When a eukaryotic
      expression vector with this cDNA coupled to the SV40 late promoter was introduced
      into simian COS cells, significant quantities of GM-CSF were secreted. Since all
      of the biological activities previously ascribed to highly purified GM-CSF were
      exhibited in the COS cell-derived GM-CSF, all of these activities are intrinsic
      to the product of a single gene. There are two potential translational initiation
      codons in the GM-CSF mRNA; the first is buried in the stem and the second located
      in the loop of a very stable hairpin structure. Expression studies using deletion
      derivatives of the cDNA indicated that the second AUG is able to initiate the
      translation and secretion of GM-CSF. The amino acid sequence of the leader
      peptide is rather atypical for a secreted protein and we speculate that molecules
      which initiate at the first AUG might exist as integral membrane proteins whereas
      those initiating at the second are secreted.

PMID- 3874058
TI  - Unusual RNA splicing generates a secreted form of HLA-A2 in a mutagenized B
      lymphoblastoid cell line.
AB  - Human class I major histocompatibility antigens (HLA-A, -B and -C) are integral
      membrane glycoprotein heterodimers. A mutagenized B lymphoblastoid cell line has
      been previously shown to synthesize two forms of the HLA-A2 antigen; a minor form
      which remains cell-associated at all times, and an abundant form, which is
      secreted. The present study reports the isolation of cDNA clones for both the
      wild-type HLA-A2 molecule synthesized by the parent cell line and the secreted
      molecule synthesized by the mutant cell line. A comparison of their structures
      indicates that transcripts encoding the mutant HLA-A2 molecule lack the 117
      nucleotides encoded by exon five of the HLA-A2 gene. This exon encodes the
      hydrophobic amino acids which are thought to anchor the polypeptide in the plasma
      membrane. This result supports an alternative splicing model to explain the
      phenotype of the mutant cell line. Further, it implies that information encoded
      in exon five is essential for anchoring class I antigens in the plasma membrane.
      The potential for a similar splicing mechanism to generate soluble forms of class
      I antigens in vivo is discussed.

PMID- 3874059
TI  - Frequency of plasmid-determined beta-lactamases in 680 consecutively isolated
      strains of Enterobacteriaceae.

PMID- 3874060
TI  - The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent fructose-specific phosphotransferase system in
      Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Mechanism for transfer of the phosphoryl group from
      phosphoenolpyruvate to fructose.
AB  - The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent fructose-specific phosphotransferase system in
      Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides is a membrane-bound complex of two enzymes, an
      integral membrane protein EII and a soluble factor SF. In media of high ionic
      strength the binding constant of SF to the membranes is 55 nM. Phosphorylation of
      SF, the first step in the reaction sequence, has no influence on the binding. The
      second step is the transfer of the phosphoryl group from SF to EII. The physical
      existence of both phosphorylated SF and EII is demonstrated and it is shown that
      the phosphoryl group is donated to the next species in the reaction sequence. The
      molecular mass of SF is 110 kDa. EII is almost completely extracted from the
      membrane as a dimer. The molecular mass of the monomer is 55 kDa. Both SF and EII
      possess thiols that are essential for catalysis. The thiol on EII is protected
      against inactivation by N-ethylmaleimide in the phosphorylated state. Kinetic
      experiments show that the binding site for fructose on EII is induced by
      phosphorylation of EII ('ping-pong' mechanism). The affinity constants of the
      phosphotransferase complex for phosphoenolpyruvate and fructose at infinite
      concentration of the other substrate are 25 microM and 8 microM, respectively.
      The fructose phosphorylation rate equation is given as a function of the
      concentration of the two enzymes and the two substrates.

PMID- 3874061
TI  - Studies of endothelium-derived relaxant factor (EDRF), its nature and mode of
      action.
AB  - The effect of endothelium on constrictor responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine,
      histamine, phenylephrine and acetylcholine was studied and shown to be much
      greater in isolated perfused coronary arteries than aortic strips of the rabbit.
      Localised endothelial damage predisposed nonspecifically to 'coronary spasm'.
      Endothelium-dependent dilatation was shown by bioassay to be mediated by a
      humoral agent, endothelium-derived relaxant factor (EDRF), with half-life of 6 s.
      Experiments with inactivating agents indicate that EDRF is not a cyclo-oxygenase
      or lipoxygenase product and not a free radical; they imply that it contains a
      carbonyl group at or near its active site. Experiments in which guanylate cyclase
      and cGMP phosphodiesterase were inhibited indicate that EDRF acts by elevating
      smooth muscle cGMP. Ergometrine was shown to stimulate EDRF activity which may be
      relevant to its clinical use in provoking coronary spasm. The physiological role
      and pathophysiological relevance of this novel, ubiquitous and potent endogenous
      vasodilator are not yet known; it may be of particular importance in modulating
      coronary vasomotor responses.

PMID- 3874062
TI  - Determinants of work capability and employment after coronary artery surgery.
AB  - In 120 patients subjected to coronary artery surgery we have investigated
      employment status and work capability in relation to age, pre-operative
      ventricular function and extent of coronary artery disease, peri-operative
      infarction and post-operative angina. The patients were followed up for 6 to 23
      months (mean 10 months). Fifty-three out of 74 patients (72%) employed before the
      onset of angina, returned to work after operation. Return to work was more likely
      in patients working immediately prior to surgery and in patients less than 45
      years old (P less than 0.05). Sixty patients (50%) reported a return to normal
      work capability, the most striking changes occurring in those less than 45 years
      old (P less than 0.02). Pre-operative left ventricular (LV) function and extent
      of coronary disease and mode of employment did not correlate with post-operative
      employment status but normal LV function was related to improvement in work
      capability (P less than 0.02). Return to work after coronary bypass surgery is
      mainly due to angina relief but is also related to age and pre-operative work
      status.

PMID- 3874063
TI  - Uptake of 11C-L- and D-methionine in brain tumors.
AB  - 11C-labeled L- and D-methionine uptake was measured in seven patients with brain
      tumors using positron emission tomography. Tumors accumulated both isomers of the
      tracer. The strongest uptake occurred in tumors with a high grade of malignancy,
      while low grade tumors accumulated less activity. The L to D uptake ratio in
      tumor regions ranged from 0.92-1.25. Conventional 99mTc-DTPA scans revealed blood
      brain barrier damage in two patients with no or only slight 11C-methionine
      accumulation, while one patient with a negative 99mTc-DTPA scan accumulated 11C
      methionine in the tumor region. In view of the biochemical pathway of methionine
      and the present findings, it is concluded that the uptake reflects metabolic
      activity in brain tissue rather than uptake by diffusion due to disruption of the
      blood-brain barrier.

PMID- 3874064
TI  - In vivo imaging of the human thyroid with a positron camera using 124I.
AB  - A high-density avalanche chamber (HIDAC) positron camera was used for tomographic
      imaging of the human thyroid in vivo. Images were made 7 and 24 h after the oral
      administration of the positron-emitting radionuclide, sodium iodide 124I (with
      activities varying between 0.3 and 1 mCi), to patients scheduled for either
      partial thyroidectomy or radioiodine treatment. The results of thyroid imaging
      performed on 38 patients and their clinical relevance are discussed; as an
      illustration, three typical cases are presented. In Graves' disease, it was found
      that, whereas standard 131I and 124I scintigrams showed a diffuse goitre,
      positron images indicated a marked heterogeneity of the activity distribution,
      with "cold" areas in 8 out of the 11 cases studied. In conventional scintigrams,
      multinodular goitre showed a non-uniform radioiodine distribution, while positron
      images revealed considerable regional differences of activity uptake, with hot
      and cold areas in all of the 13 cases studied. As a consequence of the high
      spatial resolution of the camera [2.5 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM)], the
      functional volume of the thyroid may be estimated from 2 mm-thick transverse
      tomographic sections to within about 13%. This estimate may be compared with the
      measured volume after partial thyroidectomy, and in a follow-up scan, a further
      estimate can be made of the residual thyroid tissue remaining within the
      patient's body. In the case of radioiodine treatment in Graves' disease and
      multinodular goitre, the appropriate therapeutic dose of 131I can calculated
      according to the functional volume of the thyroid estimated from 124I tomographic
      images.

PMID- 3874065
TI  - Percutaneous radio frequency gangliolysis in the treatment of trigeminal
      neuralgia.
AB  - 37 procedures were carried out in 32 patients with trigeminal neuralgia who were
      unrelieved by anticonvulsants. Initial relief was achieved in 31 patients (98%).
      5 patients (16%) suffered a relapse during a follow-up period of 15-26 months.
      Corneal anaesthesia occurred in 6 patients, 1 of whom subsequently developed a
      corneal ulcer. Anaesthesia dolorosa appeared in 5 patients. Ipsilateral reduction
      in hearing was reported by 2 patients. Despite its limits and complications
      percutaneous radio frequency gangliolysis is an effective alternative in the
      treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.

PMID- 3874066
TI  - Human monoclonal antibodies: new approaches and perspectives in cancer.

PMID- 3874067
TI  - Effect of proguanil and cycloguanil on human lymphocytes in vitro.
AB  - The in vitro effect of proguanil and its active metabolite cycloguanil on
      proliferating human blood mononuclear cells was studied. Proguanil had no effect
      on 14C-thymidine incorporation or on the number of cells. Cycloguanil, in
      concentrations corresponding to the plasma levels found in clinical practice,
      blocked the endogenous synthesis of thymidine and decreased the number of mitogen
      and antigen-stimulated cells. The effect on phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated cells
      was transient. Higher concentrations of cycloguanil, corresponding to
      intralymphocytic levels in clinical practice, permanently suppressed the growth
      of lymphocytes. The effect of cycloguanil could be reversed by low doses of
      folinic acid and high doses of folic acid.

PMID- 3874068
TI  - Immune responses of thymus/lymphocyte embryonic chimeras: studies on tolerance
      and major histocompatibility complex restriction in Xenopus.
AB  - A new model has been developed to address the question of whether T cells that
      traverse an allogeneic thymus during early and late life become restricted to
      interact, in vivo, with other leukocytes and target cells that display the major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens of the thymus haplotype. Chimeras were
      made microsurgically with pairs of 24-h-old Xenopus embryos such that the
      anterior region of an embryonic chimera contained the thymus anlagen and was of
      one MHC genotype, whereas the posterior region contained the anlagen of all
      hemopoietic cells and was of another genotype. Assays to determine the MHC
      haplotype restriction specificity of T cells in chimeras that had been reared
      through metamorphosis involved: specific antibody responses (IgM and IgG) to
      dinitrophenylated keyhole limpet hemocyanin; rejection of minor H locus disparate
      skin grafts that expressed the MHC antigens of either the thymus donor or the
      lymphocyte donor; and mixed leukocyte culture. MHC-mismatched chimeras displayed
      split tolerance since they accepted skin grafts of the thymus haplotype but had
      lymphocytes that proliferated in response to MHC antigens of the thymus donor
      strain as well as to MHC antigens of third-party donors. IgM responses of MHC
      matched and MHC-mismatched chimeras and of nonchimeric controls did not differ.
      However, the IgG responses of MHC-mismatched thymus/lymphocyte chimeras peaked
      later than those of MHC-matched chimeras and normal controls. Data from skin
      grafting protocols were consistent with the proposition that there may be in vivo
      selection of T cells reactive to minor H antigens presented in association with
      the MHC antigens of the thymus rather than the MHC antigens of the lymphocytes
      themselves. These data suggest that although it is not absolute, there is thymic
      selection of the T cell repertoire in Xenopus.

PMID- 3874070
TI  - Immune response against poly(Glu60,Ala30,Tyr10) (GAT): immunization with
      monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies leads to the predominant stimulation of
      idiotypically similar immunoglobulins with anti-GAT activity.
AB  - Two monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (HP-Id20 and HP-Id22) recognizing two
      different public idiotopes expressed in the anti-poly(Glu60,Ala30,Tyr10) (GAT)
      response were used to immunize BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. From these animals
      hybridomas were isolated. From BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice eight and seven monoclonal
      antibodies were characterized, respectively. The reagents were classified
      according to the expression of the public idiotypic specificity p.GAT (recognized
      by a rabbit antiserum). The anti-GAT activity and the expression of the various
      idiotopes characterized on anti-GAT polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were
      also studied. Most of the reagents are Ab1'-type of antibody resembling anti-GAT
      antibodies. One anti-anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody (Ab3) was also isolated
      from BALB/c mice. This suggests that in this experimental model the repertoire
      induced after HP-Id immunization and antigen stimulation is comparable. The
      idiotypic analysis of a large number of anti-GAT and of Ab1' monoclonal
      antibodies suggests that only two public idiotopes are involved in the anti-GAT
      response.

PMID- 3874069
TI  - Differentiation in the murine B cell lymphoma I.29: inductive capacities of
      lipopolysaccharide and Mycoplasma fermentans products.
AB  - Cells from the murine B lymphoma I.29, expressing IgM or IgA of identical
      idiotype, were found inducible by lipopolysaccharide to differentiate into plasma
      cells. Within 3 days, differentiating cells lost membrane-bound immunoglobulin
      (Ig) and accumulated large quantities of intracytoplasmic Ig. At day 6 of
      culture, IgA secretion increased 50-100-fold, as determined by enzyme-linked
      immunoassay. Proliferation increased for the first days of culture but decreased
      thereafter; by day 10 very few viable cells were present in lipopolysaccharide
      stimulated cultures. Similar results were obtained by culturing I.29 cells in the
      presence of supernatants of certain B cell lines (e.g. BFO.3). The finding of a
      strict correlation between the inductive activity and presence of contaminating
      Mycoplasma fermentans suggested that factor(s) released by mycoplasma were
      responsible for the mitogenic activities. This was further indicated by the
      findings that: the supernatants of BFO.3 that were rendered free of mycoplasma
      were not inductive, and a nonactive cell line could be made active by infection
      with supernatants of BFO.3 cells containing viable microorganisms. Thus,
      supernatants of mycoplasma-infected cell lines may act as potent polyclonal
      activators on both normal and malignant B lymphocytes. The ability to induce
      membrane Ig on 70Z/3 cells indicates that mycoplasma-related mitogens are also
      active on pre-B cells. The possibility of mycoplasma contamination should thus be
      carefully excluded when presumptive factors of cloned cell lines are being
      evaluated.

PMID- 3874071
TI  - Secretion of IgG1 induction factor by T cell clones and hybridomas.
AB  - IgG1 induction factor elevates the IgG1 response induced by lipopolysaccharide
      and suppresses the lipopolysaccharide-induced IgG3 and IgG2b responses in
      cultures of mouse spleen cells. We have developed new T cell lines secreting this
      factor by cloning mixed lymphocyte culture populations. Using supernatants of one
      of these T cell lines it was found that the assay is quantitative, reproducible
      and accurate, both when induction of IgG1 as well as reduction of IgG3 and IgG2b
      were measured. Using this analysis, different conditions to induce maximal
      production of the factor were tested. The cell line was thereafter used as fusion
      partner with a T cell lymphoma. The hybrids were selected in the presence of T
      cell growth factor and all of them secreted IgG1 induction factor.

PMID- 3874072
TI  - Partial biochemical characterization of IgG1-inducing factor.
AB  - IgG1 induction factor elevates the IgG1 and suppresses the IgG3 and IgG2b
      responses in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine spleen cell cultures. By the
      use of a quantitative assay, it was found that the three activities, induction of
      IgG1 and reduction of IgG3 and IgG2b synthesis, were found in the same fractions
      after different chromatographic procedures, suggesting that the same molecule was
      responsible for the effects. The factor was precipitated by 60-90% saturation of
      ammonium sulfate and was sensitive to proteolytic cleavage and to treatment with
      a buffer of pH 10. It had an apparent molecular mass of 20 kDa as judged by gel
      filtration chromatography and was separated into two peaks after isoelectric
      focusing, pI 7.4-7.2 and 6.4-6.2, respectively. Finally it was weakly hydrophobic
      and negatively charged at pH 7.55. These characteristics indicate that the factor
      is different from many previously characterized lymphokines and similar or
      identical to the B cell stimulating factor-1 (BSF-p1). The relevance of these
      findings to the mechanism of the immunoglobulin class switch is discussed.

PMID- 3874073
TI  - Regulation of pre-B cell proliferation in bone marrow: immunofluorescence
      stathmokinetic studies of cytoplasmic mu chain-bearing cells in anti-IgM-treated
      mice, hematologically deficient mutant mice and mice given sheep red blood cells.
AB  - To identify factors influencing the in vivo proliferate activity of bone marrow
      pre-B cells, the metaphase-blocking drug, vincristine sulfate, was injected into
      (a) mice depleted of B lymphocytes by treatment with anti-mouse IgM antibodies
      from birth; (b) hematologically deficient W/Wv and Sl/Sld mutants, and (c) mice
      injected with a foreign agent, sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Subsequently, a
      quantitative measure of pre-B cell proliferation was provided by examining marrow
      cells by immunofluorescence labeling for the absolute number of pre-B cells,
      identified by the presence of cytoplasmic mu chains (c mu) without surface mu (s
      mu), which had been arrested in metaphase. In anti-IgM-treated mice, some changes
      were observed in the size of the large pre-B cell population and in the incidence
      of mitotic cells after vincristine administration, but the overall production
      rate of pre-B cells did not differ from that in controls given normal rabbit
      serum. Pre-B cell kinetics in W/Wv and Sl/Sld mice also generally resembled those
      in homozygous controls. In contrast, after SRBC injection, there was an increase
      in the rate at which large pre-B cells entered mitosis. Thus, the proliferation
      of c mu + s mu- bone marrow pre-B cells shows no evidence of feedback control
      from the mature B lymphocyte pool, as indicated by lack of stimulation of pre-B
      cell production in anti-IgM-treated mice, and is independent of the hemopoietic
      defects of W/Wv or Sl/Sld mutants. On the other hand, the increased bone marrow
      pre-B cell proliferation after SRBC injection demonstrates that the magnitude of
      B cell genesis in the bone marrow can be influenced by extrinsic agents and thus
      may be influenced by environmental stimuli.

PMID- 3874074
TI  - Interleukin 2 induces T cell-dependent IgM production in human B cells.
AB  - Conditioned medium, obtained from mononuclear cells after activation with
      concanavalin A and phorbol myristate, strongly stimulated the in vitro production
      of IgM by human mononuclear cells. Partial purification by gel filtration showed
      that this activity co-eluted with interleukin 2 (IL 2). Via removal by adsorption
      and further purification by chromatofocusing techniques, it was demonstrated that
      the factor in this conditioned medium, responsible for the IgM production, was in
      fact IL 2. Experiments with purified IL 2 from the human IL 2-producing Jurkat
      cell line as well as recombinant IL 2 confirmed its capacity to induce IgM
      production. In the absence of T cells, IL 2 could not activate Ig synthesis,
      suggesting an indirect effect of IL 2 in the induction of the helper signals for
      B cells. Evidence is presented that partially purified conditioned medium
      contained another factor, distinct from IL 2, with the capacity to differentiate
      human B lymphocytes in the absence of T cells into IgM-producing cells.

PMID- 3874075
TI  - Immunoglobulin-bearing stem cells for clones of B (bursa-derived) lymphocytes.
AB  - Treatment of neonatal chickens with cyclophosphamide depletes bursal lymphocytes
      while maintaining the bursal epithelium intact. The bursae of normal young
      chickens contain "bursal stem cells" which can reconstitute the lymphoid
      compartment in the bursa of the cyclophosphamide-treated recipient. Using bursal
      stem cells from IgM allotype-heterozygous donors we show that most bursal
      follicles in the reconstituted host are colonized by single stem cells which are
      committed to the expression of one or other IgM allotype. In addition we show
      that the reconstituting bursal stem cells express allelically excluded surface
      IgM at the time of transfer. Our results suggest that B lymphocyte numbers in
      hatched chickens are maintained by self-renewal of committed precursors rather
      than by de novo production from multipotential stem cells.

PMID- 3874076
TI  - Biochemical characterization and purification of human B cell stimulatory factor
      (BSF).
AB  - B cell stimulatory factor (BSF) activity was generated over a period of five days
      by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated E rosette-positive peripheral blood lymphocytes.
      This activity was subjected to a multistep purification procedure including
      ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration,
      procion red-agarose chromatography and reverse phase high performance liquid
      chromatography (RP-HPLC). The last purification step dissected BSF activity into
      two active fractions, one corresponded to the interleukin 2 (IL 2) activity
      whereas the other active fraction was free of IL 2 activity. Preparative
      isoelectric focusing analysis defined isoelectric points of pH 7.2 for both BSF
      and IL 2. Molecular weight analysis of BSF was carried out by preparative sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. BSF activity was
      eluted from gel strips corresponding to a molecular mass of 16 and 17 kDa. The 16
      kDa fraction was free of IL 2 activity whereas the 17-kDa fraction overlapped
      with IL 2. Since recombinant IL 2 was capable of exhibiting significant BSF
      activity in anti-IgM or Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain I-dependent assay
      systems, it cannot be excluded that IL 2 itself is a BSF. Nevertheless these
      studies demonstrate the existence of a BSF free of IL 2 activity.

PMID- 3874077
TI  - T cell triggering by lectins. I. Requirements for interleukin 2 production;
      lectin concentration determines the accessory cell dependency.
AB  - The requirements for lectin-induced interleukin 2 (IL2) production by human T
      cells have been investigated. With two different types of T cells, the Jurkat T
      cell lymphoma and highly purified HLA class II- peripheral T cells, the amount of
      IL2 produced was strongly dependent on the lectin concentration used. Addition of
      accessory cells caused a shift in the dose-response curve, resulting in strongly
      enhanced IL2 production at low concentrations. Thus, the (absolute) accessory
      cell dependency for T cells to produce IL2 is defined by experimental conditions.
      Only at lectin concentrations that were found to be optimal in the presence of
      accessory cells, removal of these cells abrogates IL2 production. Furthermore,
      after depletion of monocytes IL 2 production by peripheral T cells became almost
      completely dependent on the presence of thiols in the culture medium. In
      contrast, the IL2 production by the Jurkat line was not influenced by addition of
      thiols. The Jurkat model was used to study the nature of accessory cell because
      this cell line does not show any reactivity to allogeneic cells. Various myeloid
      and B lymphoid cell lines were tested as accessory cells. The capacity to
      function as accessory cell was not related to the monocytic origin of the cell. B
      cell lines were far more effective than monocytes, as two HLA class II- monocytic
      cell lines were not active. Even after HLA class II determinants were induced on
      these cells by incubation with an interferon-gamma-containing conditioned medium,
      they failed to act as as accessory cells. These experiments question the
      importance of HLA class II molecules and monokines, such as IL1, for lectin
      induced IL2 production.

PMID- 3874078
TI  - T cell triggering by lectins. II. Stimuli for induction of interleukin 2
      responsiveness and interleukin 2 production differ only in quantitative aspects.
AB  - We have investigated the requirements for lectin-induced proliferation of highly
      purified human T cells. To study activation, independent of growth factor
      production, we cultured the cells in the presence of an excess of interleukin 2
      (IL2), which was a product of cDNA cloned in E. coli. In the presence of IL2, the
      same cooperative effect of lectin and accessory cells was found that we have
      previously described for IL2 production. Thus, analogous to induction of IL2
      production, the acquisition of responsiveness to IL2 can be completely monocyte
      dependent, but a 10-fold increase in lectin concentration completely abolishes
      the requirement for accessory cells. Furthermore, two stimuli (IL 1 and phorbol
      myristate acetate), which are able to replace monocytes at the level of IL2
      production, also induce responsiveness to IL2 under accessory cell-dependent
      conditions. Thus, very similar conditions are required for proliferation and for
      the induction of IL2 production. There is only a quantitative difference:
      proliferation of cells in the presence of exogenous IL2 occurs already at low
      lectin concentrations, whereas IL2 production and consequently proliferation in
      the absence of exogenous IL2 requires higher lectin concentrations. At high
      lectin concentrations, when IL2 production has become the only limiting factor,
      purified T cells cannot be induced to proliferate in the absence of exogenous IL2
      because the lectin concentration that induces IL2 production independent of
      accessory cells inhibits mitogenesis. However, after addition of thiols to the
      medium, which enhances the IL2 production, a very narrow range of lectin
      concentration can be found which is just below toxic values and still high enough
      to induce IL2 production in the absence of accessory cells. Under these
      conditions, accessory cells are no longer a prerequisite for lectin-induced T
      cell proliferation.

PMID- 3874079
TI  - Receptors for immunoglobulin isotypes (FcR) on murine T cells. I. Multiple FcR
      expression on T lymphocytes and hybridoma T cell clones.
AB  - T cell receptors for the Fc portion of the various isotypes of mouse
      immunoglobulins (FcR) were examined by rosette formation, using as indicator
      cells erythrocytes coated with monoclonal antibodies of all known isotypes of
      serum immunoglobulins. Three populations of mouse T cells were studied: normal
      thymocytes, activated T cells (ATC), generated by educating thymocytes in
      lethally irradiated allogeneic hosts, and hybridoma T cells, derived from somatic
      hybridization of ATC with the FcR-negative thymoma BW.5147. We found that many
      different FcR could be distinguished by their specificity for a single isotype or
      for a combination of several isotypes; ATC and hybridoma T cells expressed
      several such receptors that, at least in cloned cells, could be demonstrated to
      be borne by individual cells; hybridoma T cells of independent origin bore
      indistinguishable receptors whereas ATC expressed markedly different FcR and upon
      overnight incubation at 37 degrees C, immunoglobulins were found to bind onto the
      cell surface, even though no corresponding constitutive FcR was detected. The
      same was observed with hybridoma T cells and with thymocytes. It follows that a
      single T cell can express several FcR. Altogether, these FcR are capable of
      binding all known isotypes of serum immunoglobulins. They differ from one T cell
      to another.

PMID- 3874080
TI  - The selective localization of B lymphocytes in the spleen and the role of
      complement receptors.
AB  - The role of complement receptors on the localization of T and B cells in the
      spleen of mice was studied using short-term homing experiments in cobra venom
      factor (CoF)-treated animals. The localization ratio of B and T cells in the
      spleen of CoF-treated mice decreased significantly compared to control
      recipients. No changes could be found in the relative distribution of resident T
      and B cells in the spleen or other lymphoid organs of CoF-treated animals and
      when their spleen or lymph node cells were transferred, the localization pattern
      was normal. When cells were incubated in serum prior to transfer a disturbed
      localization ratio in the spleen of untreated recipients was observed. This was
      due to a blockade of complement receptors as determined by the inability of the
      incubated cells to form EAC rosettes. No blockade of EAC rosettes and no changes
      in localization ratios upon transfer could be observed when the cells were
      incubated in functionally C3-depleted serum. The results suggest a role for the
      complement-receptor on B cells in the initial localization in the spleen, whereas
      no influence upon the selective localization in high endothelial venules-bearing
      organs was found.

PMID- 3874081
TI  - Inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation by Mycoplasma arginini-infected cells
      due to enzymatic cleavage of the nucleoside.
AB  - Culture supernatants contaminated by Mycoplasma arginini inhibit the
      incorporation of [3H]thymidine ([3H]dThd) by cytotoxic T lymphocyte cell lines.
      This study presents evidence that the inhibition of uptake of the nucleoside is
      due to the rapid cleavage of the exogenous [3H]dThd into thymine. Uridine and
      cytidine as well as dThd are degraded by the mycoplasma-contaminated
      supernatants, while no cleavage was observed with uninfected supernatants. Cells
      contaminated by mycoplasma apparently release a pyrimidine-specific nucleosidase,
      possibly a dThd phosphorylase, which is responsible for the inhibition.

PMID- 3874082
TI  - Growth of normal human T lymphocytes induced by monoclonal antibody to the T cell
      antigen receptor.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (mAb) called 30-3D6 has been raised against the T cell
      antigen receptor analogue on a human T cell leukemia cell line HPB-ALL. This mAb
      comodulates the T3 molecule on HPB-ALL and precipitates the heterodimeric
      structure previously described as a T cell idiotypic receptor analogue on this
      cell line. 30-3D6 reacts with a variable percentage of normal T cells (up to 6%)
      depending on the donor and this number is stable on repeated sampling and is not
      affected by the temperature of the reaction. When normal T cells from a high
      frequency donor are stimulated with 30-3D6 and interleukin 2 in vitro the
      idiotype-positive (Id+) population can be expanded. Large numbers of greater than
      90% Id+ T cells can be generated. Id cells are present in both the helper and
      cytotoxic suppressor subsets.

PMID- 3874083
TI  - Pharmacological interference with the neurotoxic action of 1-methyl-4-phenyl
      1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on central catecholamine neurons in the mouse.
AB  - The effect of pretreatment with various MAO and catecholamine uptake inhibitors
      on the MPTP-induced reduction of endogenous catecholamine levels and
      [3H]catecholamine uptake in mouse striatum and cerebral cortex associated with
      the neurotoxic action of MPTP on dopamine and noradrenaline neurons was
      investigated. Pargyline and deprenyl almost completely reversed the MPTP-induced
      reduction of these parameters in both regions while chlorgyline was without
      effect. Pretreatment with the dopamine uptake inhibitor amfolenic acid
      preferentially counteracted the depleting effect of MPTP on striatal dopamine
      levels. The noradrenaline uptake inhibitors desipramine, nortriptyline and LY
      139603 all antagonized the MPTP-induced reduction of noradrenaline levels in
      cerebral cortex, while none of these inhibitors affected the action of MPTP on
      striatal dopamine. The results suggest that MAO-B and the catecholamine uptake
      system may be critically involved at certain steps in the neurotoxic action of
      MPTP on catecholamine neurons. The interaction with the uptake mechanism most
      likely explains the selective neurotoxic action of MPTP on catecholamine neurons.

PMID- 3874084
TI  - Generation of currents accompanying the off-response of the photoreceptors in the
      isolated frog retina.
AB  - A prolonged weak illumination has been reported to induce an off-response in
      transretinal potential of bullfrog retina immersed in a low Ca2+, Ba2+ and Na
      aspartate-containing solution. Changes in the interstitial current accompanying
      the generation of the off-response were studied by inserting a pair of
      micropipettes into the bullfrog retina. A transient increase in proximal-to
      distal current above the dark level was observed when the off-response was
      developing (off-current). The current divergence of the off-current indicated
      that the source of the off-current was located about 75 micron below the receptor
      surface. In the absence of Ba2+, similar changes in currents were also observed,
      although no detectable off-response was observed in the transretinal potential.
      Findings suggest that regardless of the presence of Ba2+, current flowing outward
      through the plasma membrane of the rod inner segments increases transiently when
      the off-response is developing.

PMID- 3874085
TI  - Adenine nucleotide and P-creatine levels in layers of frog retina as a function
      of dark and light adaptation.
AB  - Eight layers of frog retina were analyzed for ATP, P-creatine, ATP + ADP, and AMP
      under conditions of dark, 2 sec, 2 min, and in the case of AMP, 2 hr of light
      adaptation. Samples of each layer, usually ranging between 5 and 50 ng, were
      dissected from lyophilized frozen sections. After brief light exposure, ATP
      dropped while ADP rose sharply in the pigment epithelium, outer segments, and
      inner segments; ADP was too low to be measured accurately in the inner retina.
      The profile of ATP, P-creatine, and ATP + ADP concentrations showed peaks in the
      inner nuclear and ganglion layers. AMP, by contrast, was highest in the two
      plexiform layers. Levels in the inner retina dropped after only 2 sec of light
      but rose after 2 hr to levels that were higher than dark values in all retinal
      layers. AMP was often characterized by a non-uniform distribution: adjacent areas
      of a layer agreed very closely in value to each other but could vary several-fold
      from a different section of the same frog or from another frog exposed to the
      same conditions. This distribution produced clusters of values, particularly
      prominent in dark-adapted animals, something not observed with the other
      metabolites measured. The peaks of AMP in the plexiform layers suggest that AMP
      may be a by-product of dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase which also has peaks
      in these same layers.

PMID- 3874086
TI  - Distribution and axial diffusion of retinol in bleached rod outer segments of
      frogs (Rana pipiens).
AB  - Isolated retinas and rod outer segments from frogs (Rana pipiens) were exposed to
      light that produced axially uniform total bleaches of rhodopsin. Using
      fluorescence video microscopy, it was shown that the formation and equilibrium
      distribution of all-trans-retinol, the final chromophore product of rhodopsin
      bleaching is axially uniform. This result shows that the rate and amount of
      oxidoreductase-mediated reduction of all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol is
      not affected by the relative age of the disk membranes to which the enzymes are
      bound. Therefore previously reported axial differences in regeneration of
      rhodopsin and recovery of photocurrent after exposure to bright light probably
      are not due to axial differences in the formation of rhodopsin photoproducts. In
      addition, measurements on individual rod cells show that there is no significant
      redistribution of retinol for up to 2 hr following localized partial bleaches of
      rhodopsin. This raises the perplexing question of how retinol is shuttled between
      disk membranes and the pigment epithelium during visual pigment regeneration
      following substantial bleaches.

PMID- 3874087
TI  - Modulation by horizontal eye position of the vestibulo-collic reflex induced by
      tilting in the frontal plane in the alert cat.
AB  - In alert cats, during sinusoidal rotations of head and trunk en bloc around a
      longitudinal axis, in darkness or in light, the vestibulo-collic reflex induces
      neck muscle contractions. The phase and gain diagrams are consistent, in the
      frequency range 0.2 to 1.2 Hz, with previous results from anesthetized or
      decerebrate cats. In addition, neck muscle contractions are modulated by
      horizontal eye position, as is the case for rotations in the horizontal plane,
      around the vertical (Z) axis. Neck muscle contraction is consequently under
      control of both eye position and head tilt angle. This synergy of eye and head
      could suppress the effects of vestibulo-collic reflex during orienting reactions.

PMID- 3874088
TI  - Lumbar-spinal somatosensory evoked potentials in the rat after stimulation of the
      tibial nerve.
AB  - Spinal somatosensory evoked potentials after stimulation of the tibial nerve were
      recorded from the lumbospinal cord of rats. Their components and the respective
      latencies recorded over L5/6 and L1/2 in 40 normal animals are described. Using
      this method exact statements concerning lesions particularly of the proximal
      segment of the peripheral nerves and their roots can be made.

PMID- 3874090
TI  - Postinflammatory increase of absorption from peritoneal cavity into lymph nodes:
      particulate and oily inocula.
AB  - One week after intraperitoneal injection of rats and mice with a chemical
      irritant, the abdominal cavity was in the healing phase of a sterile peritonitis.
      At this time, mineral oil or a particulate dye or metal injected
      intraperitoneally was absorbed into lymph nodes in much larger amounts than
      normal. Absorption of oil caused fourfold enlargement of nodes, distention of
      afferent lymphatics, and sometimes widespread oil embolization of lungs.
      Absorption was increased when the chemical irritant had bathed the entire
      peritoneum but not when it was limited to the lower abdominal cavity. The
      chemical peritonitis caused shrinkage, agglutination, fixation, and fibrosis of
      the greater omentum which thereby lost its ability to sequester particles. In the
      absence of omental scavenging, dye, metal, or oil accumulated under the diaphragm
      and penetrated the diaphragmatic lymphatics. In addition, enhanced absorption by
      proliferated subdiaphragmatic lymphatics may have been involved. Prior induction
      of a chemical peritonitis augments absorption into the lymphatics of certain
      aqueous and cellular as well as particulate and oily inocula, so it is likely to
      find many applications in experimental pathology.

PMID- 3874089
TI  - The enteric neural receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine.
AB  - An enteric neural receptor for serotonin (5-HT) has been characterized. This
      receptor was assayed, using 3H-5-HT as a radioligand, by rapid filtration of
      isolated enteric membranes and by radioautography. In addition, intracellular
      recordings were made from ganglion cells of the myenteric plexus. High affinity,
      saturable, reversible, and specific binding of 3H-5-HT was demonstrated both to
      membranes of the dissected longitudinal muscle with adherent myenteric plexus and
      the mucosa-submucosa. Radioautographs showed these 3H-5-HT binding sites to be in
      myenteric ganglia and in a broad unresolved band at the mucosal-submucosal
      interface. Antagonists active at receptors for other neurotransmitters than 5-HT,
      at either of the two known types of CNS 5-HT receptor, and at 5-HT uptake sites
      on serotonergic neurons failed to inhibit binding of 3H-5-HT. The structural
      requirements of analogues for binding to the enteric 5-HT receptor matched the
      known pharmacology of M or neural 5-HT receptors. A novel 5-HT antagonist was
      found. This compound, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptophyl-5-hydroxytryptophan amide (5
      HTP-DP), antagonized the action of 5-HT on type II/AH cells of the myenteric
      plexus but did not affect the release or actions of acetylcholine (nicotinic or
      muscarinic) or substance P. 5-HTP-DP was also an equally potent displacer of 3H-5
      HT from its binding sites on enteric membranes. It is concluded that the sites
      responsible for specific binding of 3H-5-HT are enteric M or neural 5-HT
      receptors. These receptors differ from those now known to be present in the CNS.

PMID- 3874092
TI  - Research on heterocyclic compounds. XVIII. Imidazo[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole
      derivatives.
AB  - The synthesis of a series of 6-carbethoxy-, 6-carbethoxy-methyl-, and 5
      carbethoxy-6-methylimidazo[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles was accomplished by reacting
      some 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles with ethyl bromopyruvate, 4-chloroacetoacetate,
      and 2-chloroacetoacetate, respectively; such carbethoxy derivatives afforded the
      corresponding carboxylic acids by hydrolysis. The antiinflammatory, analgesic,
      antipyretic and ulcerogenic activities were studied on three of the new acidic
      compounds.

PMID- 3874091
TI  - [Synthesis and pharmacologic activity of new derivatives of salicylic acid].
AB  - New 1-phenyl-2-R2-3-methyl-5-salicyloylimmino-3-pyrazolines were synthesized
      according to a previously described route. The obtained pyrazoline derivatives,
      together with some others reported in previous papers, were tested for analgesic
      and antiinflammatory activities. Some derivatives showed analgesic and/or
      antiinflammatory activity similar to that of acetylsalicylic acid.

PMID- 3874093
TI  - [Synthesis and pharmacologic study of new esters of naproxen with derivatives of
      N-oxyethylpiperazine].
AB  - The preparation of naproxen esters with N,N'-dioxyethylpiperazine and derivatives
      of N-oxyethylpiperazine with various substituents on the nitrogen is described.
      Study of analgesic-antiinflammatory properties in comparison with a reference
      compounds has shown that in most of the new compounds analgesic activity
      (phenylquinone) is preserved whereas antiinflammatory activity (carrageenin) is
      generally reduced. The diester with N,N'-dioxyethylpiperazine (MG 28136) proved
      most interesting, showing clear pharmacological activity and very low toxicity.

PMID- 3874094
TI  - Metabolism of the neurotoxin in MPTP by human liver monoamine oxidase B.
AB  - The neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was oxidized
      to dihydropyridine MPDP+ and pyridine MPP+ by preparations of monoamine oxidase B
      (MAO B), including pure human liver MAO B:monoclonal antibody complex, Km,app
      values for MPTP and benzylamine, a preferred MAO B substrate, were 316 and 64
      microM, respectively. 4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (PTP), the nor
      derivative of MPTP, was also a substrate (Km,app = 221 microM). MPDP+, MPTP, and
      MPP+, but not PTP, were found to be irreversible inhibitors of MAO B. Our studies
      support the hypothesis that MPTP is oxidized in primate brain by MAO B to MPDP+,
      which is then converted to MPP+, a major metabolite found in the substantia
      nigra.

PMID- 3874095
TI  - Activity and action pattern of Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase in aqueous
      ethanol.
AB  - A purified B. licheniformis alpha-amylase in a mixture of ethanol-aqueous buffer
      (1:1, v/v) retains half the activity shown in water alone. In ethanol-aqueous
      buffer (7:3, v/v) about 20% of the activity is retained. The pattern of
      oligosaccharides produced from amylose changed with ethanol concentration; in
      aqueous buffer the products are: DP 1 and 2, 33.7%; DP 3, 28.5%; DP 4, 4.4% and
      DP 5, 33.4%. Whereas in ethanol-aqueous buffer (7:3, v/v) the products are DP 1
      and 2, 66.8%; DP 3, 17.3%; DP 4, 4.1% and DP 5, 11.8%. These results suggest that
      a change in substrate affinity at the active centre subsites is induced in the
      ethanol-aqueous buffer medium.

PMID- 3874096
TI  - Regulation of expression of immunoglobulins M and D in murine B cells.
AB  - Immunoglobulins M (IgM) and D (IgD) are expressed in a coordinantly regulated and
      differentiation-dependent fashion on the surface of B lymphocytes. We have
      studied the role of DNA configuration of their linked constant region genes C mu
      and C delta, as well as their transcription and posttranscriptional processing,
      in the regulation of these changes. After rearrangement of variable region
      segments, IgD can be singularly expressed in plasmacytoma cells by a DNA deletion
      of the C mu gene that is mediated by illegitimate recombination. However, IgM and
      IgD are usually expressed jointly without further DNA rearrangement downstream of
      VDJ. In pre-B cells, C delta apparently is not transcribed before light-chain
      expression. However, in early neonates (2 days old), C delta is transcribed at
      approximately one-third the level of C mu even though IgD is not detectable on
      the cell surface. This same ratio of transcription is preserved in older neonates
      (12 days old), which express only modest quantities of IgD, and in mature resting
      B cells, which express far higher densities of cell surface IgD than IgM. On
      activation by mitogens, transcription of C mu is preferentially enhanced, but it
      is surprising that C delta transcription remains at the baseline level even
      though cytoplasmic delta mRNA is virtually undetectable. The apparent discrepancy
      in transcription and ultimate expression can be explained by further
      modifications of both the RNA and polypeptide chains. Collectively, our data show
      that the differential expression of IgM and IgD is regulated by complex
      mechanisms at several levels.

PMID- 3874097
TI  - [Autoradiographic study of the lymphocytotropic function of the low-molecular
      thymus humoral factor LSS in thymectomized and thymsplenectomized mice].

PMID- 3874098
TI  - [Reaction of the immunocompetent organs of sensitized animals to virus
      infection].

PMID- 3874099
TI  - [Analysis of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in psoriasis using monoclonal
      antibodies].

PMID- 3874100
TI  - Humoral immunity in normal and complicated pregnancy.
AB  - To evaluate the role of some immunological phenomena involved in the pathogenesis
      of preeclamptic toxaemia, we studied the humoral immune reactivity in patients
      with preeclamptic toxaemia during the third trimester of pregnancy, and three
      days and six weeks after delivery. The results were compared with those of
      patients with intrauterine growth retardation and with uneventful pregnancy.
      During the third trimester, patients with complicated preeclamptic toxaemia had
      significantly lower IgG, CH50, C4 and C3 levels than normal pregnants. Post
      partum levels of IgM were significantly higher than in all other groups of
      patients. Circulating immune complexes were not detectable by a C1q binding assay
      in patients and controls. However, with a conglutinin binding assay and a
      granulocyte phagocytosis test complexes were demonstrable in patients with
      complicated preeclampsia (incidence 44% and 33%, respectively). In addition, 66%
      of these patients showed deposits of immunoglobulins and complement components in
      superficial blood vessels of the skin biopsy, suggestive of the presence of
      tissue deposits of immune complexes. This was found in about 30% of the other
      patient groups and in none of control pregnants. Allo-antibodies to lymphocytes
      were present in 63% of complicated preeclamptic toxaemia patients and 22% of
      normal pregnants. Our data show several changes in humoral immune reactivity in
      preeclamptic toxaemia which may contribute to the pathogenesis of this disorder.

PMID- 3874101
TI  - Use of transcutaneous nerve stimulation in the attacks of acute intermittent
      porphyria.
AB  - A 38-year-old female with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) was having regular
      recurrent premenstrual severe attacks of abdominal and chest pain due to the
      disease. Low-frequency transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS) premenstrually
      prevented or markedly reduced the severity of clinical attacks, associated with a
      reduced urinary porphyrin excretion. The possible mechanisms of the TNS-induced
      effects are discussed. This experience suggests that TNS may be an effective and
      simple prophylactic method in the management of the attacks in AIP. The method
      can be administered easily by the patient himself as home-treatment and is free
      of side-effects.

PMID- 3874102
TI  - Detection of endogenous epidermal growth factor-like activity in the developing
      chick embryo.
AB  - Epidermal growth factor-like activity has been detected by radioreceptor assay
      and radioimmunoassay in the developing chick embryo. Very little activity could
      be detected prior to Day 8 of embryonic life (hatching is at Day 21). A peak of
      EGF activity was detectable by both assays over Days 10 to 12. The EGF activity
      then fell to virtually undetectable levels during Days 14 to 17. A later rise in
      RRA detectable EGF like activity was then observed over Days 18-20. The EGF
      activity from a Day 11 embryo chromatographed on high-performance liquid
      chromatography as a single peak, with very high recovery of activity, at a later
      elution position than mouse EGF or human EGF.

PMID- 3874103
TI  - The patterns of brain gangliosides of Rana catesbeiana during metamorphosis and
      in the adult.
AB  - Ganglioside patterns were quantitated for brains of bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana)
      at three stages of metamorphosis and adult. At each stage nine gangliosides were
      identified by mobility on silica gel thin-layer chromatograms, and quantitated on
      the basis of sialic acid content. A single band with chromatographic mobility
      close to that of GD2, and doublets close to GT1b and GQ were quantitatively the
      major ones (over 16% each). Doublets close to GM1 and GD1b and a single band
      slightly behind GD1a made up 5-10% each. A doublet comigrating with GM3, and
      bands close to GM2 (trace) and GD3 were present in smaller amounts. The only
      developmental trend was a slight increase in the proportion of the band close to
      GD3 from 2.4% (early prometamorphic phase) to 9.1% (adult). This suggests that
      changes in the regenerative capacity of frog nervous tissues during metamorphosis
      are due to changes other than ganglioside composition.

PMID- 3874104
TI  - Recording patients' consumption of social drugs in a family medicine residency: a
      longitudinal study.
AB  - 'Social drugs' such as nicotine, alcohol and caffeine may be risk factors in a
      variety of disorders. Over a five-year period an audit of 954 medical records was
      carried out in a university-based family medicine training programme. The aim was
      to investigate ways of improving physicians' compliance with the recording in the
      data base of the consumption of these substances by patients. Instruction through
      lectures and reminders produced no change in the recording of social drug usage
      in year 2, but the distribution of model dictations led to a significant change
      in year 3 for the recording of nicotine and alcohol consumption. This effect was
      sustained in years 4 and 5. Visual cues in the medical record led to a
      significant improvement in the notation of caffeine usage in year 4 and the
      effect was sustained in year 5. Additional audit sessions did not increase
      compliance with caffeine notation. Faculty and resident compliance with the
      recording of social drug history were not significantly different.

PMID- 3874105
TI  - [Functional state of the anticoagulation system in parturients with postpartum
      hemorrhage].

PMID- 3874106
TI  - [Vestibular resistance and circulatory changes in orthostatic position during
      hyperthermia].

PMID- 3874107
TI  - A reappraisal of the factors affecting early patency of aortocoronary saphenous
      vein bypass grafts. Current experience with extensive revascularization employing
      sequential grafting techniques.
AB  - A number of factors potentially influencing the patency rates of aortocoronary
      bypass grafts were investigated in a consecutive series of 50 patients by control
      angiography at 28 +/- 26 days and by univariate and multivariate analysis of a
      selected set of clinical, surgical and angiographic predictors. There were 234
      anastomoses in this series, a mean of 4.7 per patient (range 1 to 9), 215 of
      which were connected to sequential vein grafts. After surgery, 40 patients were
      treated with anticoagulants and/or platelet inhibitors. Of the 234 coronary
      anastomoses studied, 219 were patent (93.6%). Coronary artery diameter, patient's
      age and previous myocardial infarction were shown to be independent predictors of
      increased risk of anastomotic occlusion. Arteries less than 1.5 mm in diameter
      had a patency rate of 84.9%, versus 96.1% for vessels 1.5 mm or larger (p =
      0.009). The use of side-to-side anastomoses with sequential grafts seemed to
      counterbalance the unfavourable effect of small arterial size. Patients aged 65
      or older had a lower probability of having all their grafts patent than younger
      patients did (50 vs 89%, p = 0.01). Patients with previous myocardial infarction
      similarly had a lower probability of having all their grafts patent compared to
      patients without previous infarction (68 vs 95%, p less than 0.05); this
      correlation was explained by a more frequent occlusion rate of grafts directed to
      fibrotic left ventricular areas. The effect of anticoagulants and of platelet
      inhibitors was favourable, but did not reach statistical significance.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3874108
TI  - [Clinical and hemodynamic results after aneurysmectomy and coronary
      revascularization].
AB  - To assess the effects of left ventricular aneurysmectomy (l.v.a.) on left
      ventricular function (l.v.f.), a prospective clinical and hemodynamic study has
      been performed in nineteen patients (pts) operated on from 1979 to 1983. There
      where no operative deaths and only one late death during follow-up. A significant
      improvement in NYHA class was observed in 68% of the pts, 16% worsened, and the
      clinical status in the remaining 16% was unchanged. Hemodynamic data showed an
      increase in e.f. (33 +/- 12% to 43 +/- 10%; p less than 0.001), a reduction of
      the percentage of the abnormally contracting left ventricular segments (66 +/-
      23% to 57 +/- 23%; p less than 0.05) and no significant changes of left
      ventricular end diastolic pressure. Revascularization index (nr. of bypassed
      vessels/nr. of stenotic vessels) and graft patency rate were low (0.57 and 0.72
      respectively). No significant relation was noted between clinical and hemodynamic
      findings in the postoperative study. We conclude that l.v.a. is associated with
      an improvement of l.v.f. (mainly in e.f. and segmental wall contractility) and of
      clinical status of the pts but without a direct relation between these two
      parameters.

PMID- 3874109
TI  - [Myocardial revascularization in patients with severe ventricular impairment.
      Short-term follow-up].
AB  - To assess the influence of aorto-coronary bypass grafting on surgical risk and
      short-term survival of patients with marked impairment of left ventricular (LV)
      function, we evaluated--among 435 patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery
      between January 1981 and December 1982--22 cases with: LV ejection fraction (EF)
      less than or equal to 0.35 (mean 0.27 +/- 0.06), LV end-diastolic pressure
      greater than or equal to 15 mmHg (mean 19.9 +/- 6.9 mmHg.), presence of three or
      more dysfunctional (hypokinetic or akinetic) segments on biplane LV angiography,
      three vessels disease in 90.1%. All patients but two had angina refractory to
      medical therapy. Operative mortality rate was 4.5%. Perioperative non fatal
      infarction rate was 9.1%. There were three late deaths. Mean duration of follow
      up was 10.5 +/- 8.3 months with a survival of 81.8%. In the survivors we
      observed: dramatic improvement in respect to angina (94.5% are asymptomatic) and
      quality of life; exercise performance improvement (75% of patients have a
      functional impairment less than or equal to 30% at treadmill test); significant
      improvement in global and segmental LV function (mean echocardiographic EF 0.37
      +/- 0.10, p less than 0.001). Because of relative low surgical risk and
      encouraging short-term results, aortocoronary bypass grafting can be performed
      even in patients with important LV disfunction, when associated with severe
      angina.

PMID- 3874110
TI  - Fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin measurement: an indicator of Crohn's disease activity.
AB  - Random fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin levels were determined in 34 patients, 24 with
      Crohn's disease, and 10 "controls" having diarrheal illnesses not associated with
      intestinal protein loss, in an effort to evaluate its usefulness as a measure of
      Crohn's disease intestinal activity. In the control group, all alpha 1
      antitrypsin levels were less than 2 mg/g dry wt of stool. The mean fecal level
      among those with Crohn's disease was 52.9 mg/g (range less than 2 to greater than
      or equal to 200). There was a strong correlation between disease activity, as
      measured by a clinical score, and the alpha 1-antitrypsin levels (Spearman r =
      0.65, p = 0.001). This correlation was similarly strong among those with colitis
      or ileitis. A fecal value greater than 20 mg/g may provide a rough guideline to
      separate patients with clinically active disease from those with inactive Crohn's
      disease, despite a considerable range of fecal levels among patients with a
      particular clinical score. Fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin levels correlated with
      several other laboratory measures that have been proposed as indicators of
      Crohn's disease activity. The serum orosomucoid, C-reactive protein, and albumin
      correlated with the clinical activity score among some of our patient groups.
      Both clinical scores and laboratory parameters, however, may have limited
      usefulness in a variety of circumstances. Random fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin
      determinations seem to provide a reliable, although not directly quantitative,
      measure of the intestinal activity among patients with Crohn's disease,
      especially when other methods may be inconclusive.

PMID- 3874111
TI  - Effect of endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy on gas exchange and hemodynamics in
      humans.
AB  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome has been reported after endoscopic variceal
      sclerotherapy with sodium morrhuate. It has been proposed that sclerosant
      entering the pulmonary circulation during intravariceal injections may cause
      pulmonary hypertension and capillary injury. The purpose of this study was to
      determine whether variceal sclerotherapy with sodium morrhuate causes capillary
      injury or pulmonary edema in humans. We studied the effect of sclerotherapy on
      gas exchange and pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics in 8 patients who required
      endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy for treatment of variceal hemorrhage. The
      pulmonary vascular resistance index increased from 246 +/- 67 dyn X s X cm-5/m2
      (mean +/- SEM) at baseline to a high of 303 +/- 85 dyn X s X cm-5/m2 60 min after
      sclerotherapy (normal range 250-500 dyn X s X cm-5/m2). Pulmonary artery pressure
      remained stable while cardiac index decreased by 12% over the same period. There
      were also small increases in systemic vascular resistance index and systemic
      arterial pressure after sclerotherapy. Although there was no change in arterial
      oxygen tension, the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference improved after
      sclerotherapy. These results indicate that variceal sclerotherapy with sodium
      morrhuate is associated with clinically insignificant changes in pulmonary and
      systemic hemodynamics. We did not detect evidence of acute lung injury after
      sclerotherapy.

PMID- 3874112
TI  - Postgastrectomy polyps--a cause of bleeding.

PMID- 3874113
TI  - [The number of active rosette-forming cells in the peripheral blood of children
      with O-cell variant of acute lymphoid leukemia].

PMID- 3874114
TI  - [Intracellular metabolism, ultra-thin structure and surface membrane of leukemic
      lymphoid T-, D- and non-T, non-B cells in children with acute leukemia].

PMID- 3874115
TI  - Intrafollicular action of estrogen in regulating pituitary-induced ovarian
      progesterone synthesis and oocyte maturation in Rana pipiens: temporal
      relationship and locus of action.
AB  - Previous studies demonstrated that estrogen inhibited frog pituitary homogenate
      (FPH) and progesterone-induced oocyte maturation. In order to determine whether
      estrogen interfered with intrafollicular progesterone synthesis, experiments were
      designed to study the effect of exogenous estrogen (estradiol-17 beta) on FPH
      induced progesterone production in amphibian (Rana pipiens) ovarian follicles
      cultured in vitro. Intrafollicular progesterone concentrations were monitored
      directly using radioimmunoassay and the occurrence of germinal vesicle breakdown
      (GVBD) was used as a biological indicator of the action of steroids on oocyte
      maturation. FPH elicited a rapid and dramatic increase in follicular progesterone
      concentration (1000-3000 pg per follicle) which preceded germinal vesicle
      breakdown. Addition of estrogen to the culture medium inhibited FPH-induced
      progesterone production and the accompanying GVBD in a dose-dependent fashion.
      The presence of estrogen did not enhance the degradation of preloaded
      progesterone, suggesting estrogen impeded progesterone synthesis rather than
      enhanced progesterone metabolism. The temporal relationship between estrogen and
      FPH interaction was assessed by varying the relative time of hormone addition,
      after which intrafollicular progesterone concentration and GVBD were monitored.
      Progesterone production and GVBD were drastically inhibited when estrogen was
      added before or simultaneously with FPH. However, when addition of estrogen was
      delayed until after FPH simulation, a progressive loss of the inhibitory effect
      of the steroid on progesterone accumulation and GVBD was observed. Thus, the
      estrogen-sensitive phase was confined to the early portion of FPH stimulation.
      Continuous presence of estrogen in the culture system was not required to inhibit
      FPH-induced events. A short exposure (15 min) of follicles to estrogen was
      sufficient to inhibit oocyte maturation, whereas progesterone synthesis was not
      significantly affected. With longer exposure, however, FPH-induced progesterone
      production was impeded. Washing estrogen-treated follicles did not reverse the
      inhibitory effect of estrogen, however the follicles remained responsive to
      exogenous progesterone stimulation and exhibited GVBD. Results suggest that the
      inhibitory effects of estrogen on FPH action and progesterone production were not
      reversible under the in vitro culture conditions. To determine whether specific
      follicular components were involved in estrogen inhibition, progesterone
      production was assessed following selective removal of different follicle
      components by microdissection prior to being treated with FPH and
      estrogen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3874116
TI  - Fish melanin-concentrating hormone disperses melanin in amphibian melanophores.
AB  - Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), which was isolated from salmon pituitary and
      caused melanin concentration in fish scale melanophores, has been tested on
      cultured chromatophores of an amphibian, the bullfrog tadpole. MCH induced
      dispersion of melanin in cultured melanophores of the tadpole. The duration of
      the dispersing effect of MCH was relatively short compared with that of alpha
      melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). MCH also induced the concentration of
      cultured iridophores of bullfrog tadpole.

PMID- 3874117
TI  - Eye movement abnormalities in rod monochromatism and blue-cone monochromatism.
AB  - Eye movements were recorded with electro-oculography in seven patients with rod
      monochromatism (RM) and five with blue-cone monochromatism (BCM). The continuous
      horizontal nystagmus was similar in both groups. However, three patients with BCM
      demonstrated an intermittent, high-frequency nystagmus, in addition to the
      continuous nystagmus. The most striking differences between the groups were
      present during monocular smooth pursuit and optokinetic tracking. Patients with
      RM demonstrated better tracking when targets moved in the temporal-to-nasal (T-N)
      direction in the visual field of the viewing eye, than when targets moved in the
      nasal-to-temporal (N-T) direction. The velocity of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN)
      increased gradually over several seconds during T-N target movement. Patients
      with BCM did not show a directional asymmetry or a slow build-up of OKN during
      monocular tracking. Differences in eye movement abnormalities can be useful in
      differentiating these two forms of congenital color blindness from other forms of
      congenital nystagmus and from each other.

PMID- 3874118
TI  - Objective determination of dark adaptation: accuracy of the evoked potential
      method.
AB  - The psychophysical threshold and the appearance of the visually evoked potential
      (VEP) were compared in the dark adapted state. Nineteen normal subjects and 11
      persons with defective dark adaptation were studied. The VEP threshold was an
      average of 0.2 log units (standard deviation 0.2) above the subjective threshold
      in the normal group, and 0.4 log units above it in the night-blind subjects. In 7
      normal subjects, the alpha-activity of the electroencephalogram interfered with
      the VEP recording and rendered the evaluation more difficult. The results
      indicate that the VEP can be used as an accurate method of objectively measuring
      dark adaptation.

PMID- 3874119
TI  - [Health status of workers in contact with dimethyl sulfate (clinico-hygienic,
      immunological and cytogenetic research)].

PMID- 3874120
TI  - [Principal causes of thrombosis of autovenous aortocoronary shunts].

PMID- 3874121
TI  - [Acute pulmonary destruction and immunologic reactivity of the body].

PMID- 3874122
TI  - Long term results of treatment of vascular malformations of the gastrointestinal
      tract by neodymium Yag laser photocoagulation.
AB  - The effect of Yag laser photocoagulation on the course of bleeding of
      gastrointestinal vascular malformations was studied in 59 patients, with a total
      of 482 lesions. The lesions were located in the upper gastrointestinal tract
      alone in 25 patients, in the lower tract alone in 31 patients and in both the
      lower and the upper gastrointestinal tract in three patients. In the month before
      laser therapy the number of bleeding episodes averaged 1.09 +/- 0.6 (SD) per
      patient (n = 57) and the transfusion requirements 2.4 +/- 2.6 red blood cells
      units per patient, while in the month after treatment the bleeding incidence
      averaged 0.16 +/- 0.5 and the transfusion requirements 0.21 +/- 0.8 (both p less
      than 0.001). Long term results were analysed considering for each patient an
      equally long pretreatment and follow up period. After a mean follow up period of
      11.5 months (1-48 months), 17 of the 57 patients available for follow up rebled.
      The reduction of the bleeding rate was statistically significant at one, six, 12,
      and 18 months of follow up, while transfusion rate was significantly decreased at
      one, six, and 12 months. The results were disappointing in patients with Osler
      Weber-Rendu (n = 4) and in patients with angiomas associated with Von
      Willebrand's disease (n = 3), who all rebled. In angiodysplasia the treatment was
      successful in 82% of the 49 patients. The more numerous the lesions, the less
      effective the reduction in bleeding rate by laser treatment was. Histological
      studies showed that the haemostatic effect of Yag laser photocoagulation was
      obtained by destruction of the lesion. Rebleeding was due to lesions missed at
      the first treatment, incompletely treated lesions and recurrence of new lesions.
      In two patients a free caecal perforation necessitated a right hemicolectomy. In
      both patients numerous or very large lesions had been treated in the caecum.

PMID- 3874123
TI  - [Interdisciplinary cooperation with surgery].

PMID- 3874124
TI  - Evaluation of euglobulin methods for the study of blood fibrinolytic activity:
      results for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in the postoperative period.
AB  - Euglobulin fractionation is a frequently employed pretreatment of plasma for the
      determination of fibrinolytic activity. The fractionation procedure suffers from
      possible in vitro artifacts, e.g., variable precipitation of C1-inactivator. This
      is illustrated by the following two situations. It is shown that increased
      amounts of C1-inactivator not related to an increased plasma concentration are
      present in euglobulin fractions in cases of classic rheumatoid arthritis.
      Similarly, postoperatively, a disproportional increase in C1-inactivator in
      euglobulin fractions occurs. In both cases, an artificially reduced fibrinolytic
      activity is recorded due to increased inhibition by C1-inactivator. This is
      circumvented and recognized by adding sodium flufenamate or C1s-esterase to
      euglobulin fractions to uniformly eliminate C1-inactivator. Two specific assays
      for tissue-type plasminogen activator activity in euglobulin fractions (as C1
      inactivator-resistant activator activity and a parabolic rate assay on a
      synthetic substrate) correlate excellently (r = 0.8728; p less than 0.001; n =
      108). The first mentioned is corrected for variable endogenous C1-inactivator;
      the latter assay is found to be insensitive to inhibition by C1-inactivator. It
      is concluded that with euglobulin methods a misinterpretation of blood
      fibrinolytic activity is possible in rheumatoid arthritis patients. In the
      postoperative period, the fibrinolytic shutdown concerns tissue-type plasminogen
      activator activity; the pattern of the shutdown can be misjudged in using
      traditional euglobulin methods.

PMID- 3874125
TI  - [Use of fibrin glue in pronounced Dupuytren contracture].
AB  - In the surgical treatment of Dupuytren's disease a tissue adhesive, Tissucol
      (Immuno, Heidelberg), has been used rather than vacuum drainage to reduce
      postoperative haematoma formation. Tissucol has been used in more than 260 severe
      cases of Dupuytren's disease. The size of postoperative haematoma formation and
      the degree of necrosis of wound margins have both been significantly reduced. An
      earlier return to function has been observed.

PMID- 3874126
TI  - [Pharmacological studies of N-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-L-cysteine (SA96).
      V. Effects of SA96 in combination with indomethacin or prednisolone on adjuvant
      arthritis in rats].
AB  - SA96 in combination with indomethacin or prednisolone was investigated for their
      effects on the adjuvant arthritis in Lewis rats. SA96 given orally at a dose of
      10 mg/kg inhibited the inflammation of adjuvant treated foot and untreated foot
      and the increase of serum Cu concentration which followed the development of
      adjuvant arthritis, but 2 mg/kg had no effect. Indomethacin given orally at a
      dose of 0.1 mg/kg or prednisolone given orally at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg also
      inhibited the adjuvant arthritis. Prednisolone suppressed the decrease of A/G
      ratio. Indomethacin and prednisolone, however, had no effects on the increase of
      serum Cu concentration. SA96 at a dose of 10 mg/kg in combination with
      indomethacin was more effective than the treatment of each drug alone on
      inflammation of adjuvant treated and untreated foot, serum Cu concentration,
      erythrocyte sedimentation rate and A/G ratio. The combination of SA96 at a dose
      of 2 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg with prednisolone had similar synergistic effects towards
      the adjuvant arthritis in rats.

PMID- 3874127
TI  - [Anti-inflammatory effect of topically applied pranoprofen-gel].
AB  - The anti-inflammatory activity and mode of action of topically applied
      pranoprofen-gel were investigated in comparison with indomethacin-gel in
      experimental animals. Applied topically, 0.3 approximately 3% pranoprofen-gel
      inhibited carrageenin-induced paw edema, fracture-induced paw edema, carrageenin
      induced increase in vascular permeability and adjuvant arthritis in rats and
      ultraviolet ray-induced erythema in guinea pigs dose-dependently, with a potency
      slightly greater than that of indomethacin-gel. In addition, pranoprofen-gel
      inhibited dose-dependently the formation of granuloma caused by a cotton pellet
      implantation, without affecting the weight of the thymus or adrenals and without
      inducing gastrointestinal lesions. Moreover, applied topically to carrageenin
      treated rats, pranoprofen-gel inhibited dose-dependently, and more potently than
      indomethacin-gel, the production of a prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-like substance in
      both the exudate of the carrageenin air pouch and the inflamed synovial membrane.
      Both drugs inhibited the potentiation of bradykinin-induced vascular permeability
      in rabbit skin by arachidonic acid, but not by PGE2. Pranoprofen was only one
      third as potent as indomethacin in inhibiting the production of PGE2 from the
      phagocytosing of killed bacteria by rat peritoneal leucocytes in vitro. These
      results show that pranoprofen-gel, applied topically, permeates well from the
      skin to the deep inflammatory site, relieving potently and long lastingly the
      inflammation by inhibiting PG production. As a topical anti-inflammatory agent,
      pranoprofen-gel is at least as effective as indomethacin-gel, so it may have good
      clinical use.

PMID- 3874128
TI  - The function and origin of follicular dendritic cells.
AB  - Follicular dendritic cells (dendritic reticular cells) in germinal centres bind
      antigen-antibody complexes via C3 receptors and retain the complexes at their
      surface for long periods of time. The follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are
      distinct from macrophages and from dendritic cells found in T-dependent areas,
      and are not derived from bone marrow stem cells. On histological evidence it has
      been proposed that they are derived from reticulum cells. Complexes are probably
      transported to FDC by a subpopulation of B cells in the marginal zone. Binding of
      complexes to FDC causes germinal centre enlargement and is a very efficient, and
      possibly essential stimulus to the generation of B memory cells which recognize
      epitopes on antigen or antibody in the complexes. An hypothesis is discussed
      which draws together these observations and suggests that antigen on FDC plays a
      central role in control of humoral immunity.

PMID- 3874129
TI  - Perspectives on the regulatory biology of the B lymphocyte.
AB  - B lymphocytes with receptors specific for a particular hapten have been prepared
      through an antigen-affinity procedure. Methods have been developed for the clonal
      stimulation of these cells in vitro, with a single, hapten-specific B cell as the
      unequivocal target. Many stimulatory combinations involve multivalent antigen and
      one or more antigen non-specific, non-MHC restricted T lymphocyte-derived growth
      and differentiation factors. These factors, of which there are at least 4 or 5,
      are progressively being defined and should soon become available through
      recombinant DNA technology. Judicious use of factor combinations and selected
      antigens should soon answer whether "T-independent" and "T-dependent" B cells are
      truly separate subsets. A contact between multivalent antigen and immature B cell
      in the absence of these co-stimulatory factors can lead to the receipt and
      storage of a negative signal by the B cell. The B cell is not killed, but rather
      rendered anergic. Whether clonal anergy among B cells is an important mechanism
      in physiologic self-tolerance remains to be determined.

PMID- 3874130
TI  - Ability of in vitro (corneal injury--eye organ--and chorioallantoic membrane)
      tests to represent histopathological features of acute eye inflammation.
AB  - The spontaneous removal of substances from the eye in vivo and histopathological
      responses to mild or moderate irritants were examined to define the main features
      that may be reflected in a valid in vitro test for irritant potential. Solutions
      or fine particulate suspensions applied to the rabbit eye are quickly removed
      from the central corneal surface by the blink reflex, gravity and drainage. The
      histological changes in the first 24 hours of mild-to-moderate irritation show
      some thinning of, but no severe irreversible damage to, the corneal epithelium.
      Other changes are oedema, congestion, some leucocyte infiltration and variable
      degeneration and desquamation of the conjunctival epithelium. In vitro cell
      culture cytotoxicity tests are a useful screen for direct cytotoxic damage to
      epithelial cells but there are anomalies between the results of such tests and in
      vivo eye responses. Test systems using inhibition of DNA synthesis in cultured
      fibroblasts and histamine release from mast cells have shown poor correlation
      between in vitro and in vivo test results. The in vitro corneal injury (eye
      organ) test of Burton et al. (Fd Cosmet. Toxicol. 1981, 19,471) predicts very
      effectively the activity of moderate-to-severe irritants, and that of mild
      irritants when the contact time is modified or fluorescein or histology are used.
      This method demonstrates the response of a specialized tissue of the eye and
      facilitates the examination of powders, acids and alkalies, for which cell
      systems are not suitable. So far the chorioallantoic membrane of the egg has not
      been found to predict for pure chemicals the activities demonstrated in in vivo
      or in vitro tests on the eye; the main change seen in the egg membrane is
      necrosis, with little evidence of inflammation.

PMID- 3874131
TI  - A rapid HPLC technique for determining levels of histamine in tears from normal
      and inflamed human eyes.
AB  - Because of the important role of histamine in the inflammatory process, the
      measurement of histamine levels in tears has been considered as a possible index
      of eye irritancy. Histamine levels have been measured using an HPLC procedure
      involving fluorimetric detection after fluorescamine derivatization. Analyses, at
      picomole levels, were carried out in less than 5 minutes using 10 microliter of
      tear samples collected from either normal or inflamed human eyes.

PMID- 3874132
TI  - Non-vehicular accidents among teenagers--the 5-year Metro Dade County experience
      from 1979 to 1983.
AB  - A study of non-vehicular accidents among the teenage population of Metropolitan
      Dade County, Miami, Florida, U.S.A., was performed. The case files of the Office
      of the Medical Examiner were reviewed and all teenage non-vehicular accidents
      during the 5-year period from 1979 to 1983 were collected. These 102 cases were
      then analyzed as to the age, race, sex, cause of death, blood alcohol content at
      autopsy, and drugs detected of the victim. The geographic location, scene
      circumstances, and presence of human error were also noted. Predominantly, a
      white male population between 16 and 19 years is involved. Usually they die from
      drowning at home or in a natural body of water, commonly drugs or alcohol are
      involved; human error or poor judgment is noted two-thirds of the time.

PMID- 3874133
TI  - [Patency of the aortocoronary bypass: development of a noninvasive evaluation
      method].

PMID- 3874134
TI  - [Access to medical records following psychiatric treatment. The federal court
      clarifies exceptions to the rule advocating confidentialty].

PMID- 3874135
TI  - [Structure and prevention of suicidal acts].

PMID- 3874136
TI  - [Fibrin glue in neurosurgery. Areas of use and experiences].

PMID- 3874137
TI  - [Therapy of ankylosing spondylitis. Short-term use of piroxicam suppositories or
      indomethacin suppositories and retard capsules].

PMID- 3874139
TI  - Visual imaging in psychiatry.
AB  - Although they have not yet profoundly affected the clinical practice of
      psychiatry, five new imaging techniques--computed tomography, brain electrical
      activity mapping, cerebral blood flow techniques, positron emission tomography,
      and nuclear magnetic resonance--show promise for furthering knowledge of the
      pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of psychiatric patients. Through a
      survey of the literature, the authors discuss the applicability of each technique
      to the study of certain mental disorders, such as schizophrenia; the latest
      research findings produced by studies using the techniques; the advantages and
      disadvantages, if any, of each technique; and the potential role for each
      technique in the field of psychiatry.

PMID- 3874138
TI  - Induction of male-typical aggression by androgens but not by estrogens in adult
      female mice.
AB  - Ovariectomized adult CF-1 female mice were implanted with silastic capsules
      containing either testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), methyltrienolone
      (R1881), estradiol (E2), diethylstilbestrol (DES), or oil vehicle and were tested
      for aggressive behavior. The androgenic treatments (T, DHT, R1881) were highly
      effective in promoting male-like aggression while the estrogens (DES, E2) were
      completely ineffective. Subsequent receptor-binding studies confirmed assumptions
      about the specificity of DES, DHT, and R1881 binding to estrogen and androgen
      receptors in mouse hypothalamus.

PMID- 3874140
TI  - Patterns and major determinants of homicide in the United States.
AB  - Criminal homicide has increased steadily during the past two decades to account
      today for more than 1 percent of deaths in the United States. After providing
      background information on the rates and patterns of homicide in the U.S., the
      author uses the literature to present a twofold discussion of factors affecting
      the incidence of homicide: those that act as a deterrence to crime, such as
      punishment, and environmental and biological factors that can interact in a
      complex way to produce violence and murder. Examples of these latter factors
      include firearms, drug and alcohol abuse, genetics, race, psychiatric disorders,
      metabolic states, the economy, geographic region, the media, and political
      instability.

PMID- 3874141
TI  - Accidental and homicidal death in a psychiatric emergency room population.
AB  - To identify potentially preventable mortality other than suicide among
      psychiatric emergency room patients, the authors compared the rates of accidental
      and homicidal death among 5,284 consecutive psychiatric emergency room patients
      with those expected for an age-, sex-, and race-matched sample of the general
      population. The rate of accidental death was two and one-half times and the rate
      of homicidal death nearly twice the expected rate for the matched general
      population. Diagnostic and demographic analyses indicated that increased risk of
      death from either cause was highest among alcoholics, schizophrenic patients, and
      males. The implications of the findings for clinical care are discussed.

PMID- 3874142
TI  - Pulmonary complications of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a
      clinicopathologic study of 70 cases.
AB  - The pulmonary complications of 70 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome (AIDS) are reviewed. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), present in 67
      per cent of the patients, was diagnosed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy with
      transbronchial biopsies in all of the patients except two adults, who required
      open lung biopsy, and two children, in whom the infection was detected only at
      autopsy. Other opportunistic infections, such as cytomegalovirus pneumonitis,
      mycobacterial infections, invasive candidiasis, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis,
      and histoplasmosis, were more difficult to diagnose by fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
      In only four cases were these conditions detected during life. Neoplasms and
      lymphoproliferative processes also presented diagnostic problems, and only one
      case each of Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis were detected
      by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. In four other cases these conditions, as well as two
      pulmonary lymphomas, diffuse large cell immunoblastic type, were detected only at
      autopsy. Sixty-eight per cent of the patients in this study died, usually with
      progressive intractable respiratory failure and pulmonary complications that had
      not been diagnosed during life, including potentially treatable diseases, such as
      bacterial pneumonias, PCP, nontuberculous mycobacteria, invasive candidiasis,
      toxoplasmosis, and invasive aspergillosis. The need for earlier detection of
      pulmonary complications in patients with AIDS is discussed.

PMID- 3874144
TI  - Construction of rat-mouse T-cell hybridomas that constitutively produce rat IL-2.
AB  - We have established rat-mouse T-cell hybridomas that constitutively produce rat
      Interleukin-2 (IL-2). T-cell hybridomas cannot be boosted to a higher level of IL
      2 production by Con A stimulation. IL-2 prepared from T-cell hybridomas and from
      Con A activated rat spleen cells was partially purified using Ultrogel AcA 54
      chromatography and ion exchange chromatography on Mono Q or chromatofocusing on
      Mono P. When analyzed on Mono P, IL-2 activity derived from IA2-B10 T-cell
      hybridoma eluted as a single peak with pH range 6.9-7.1, whereas IL-2 derived
      from Con A activated spleen cells resolved into four peaks within the following
      pH range: 7.1-7.2, 6.5-6.6, 6.1-6.2, and 5.6-5.7. Neuraminidase-treated IL-2
      derived from Con A activated spleen cells resolved into single peaks appearing in
      the pH range 7.1-7.2. In contrast, neuraminidase treatment did not change the
      elution profile of IL-2 derived from the IA2-B10 hybridoma. IL-2 activity derived
      from the 3D6-B1 T-cell hybridoma also eluted as a single peak with the pH range
      7.1-7.2. Neuraminidase treatment did not change the elution profile of IL-2.
      These data demonstrate that heterogeneity of IL-2 might be due to differences in
      the degree of glycosylation of IL-2 and differences in the sources of T-cells
      from which the IL-2 has derived.

PMID- 3874143
TI  - Effect of chronic anticonvulsant monotherapy on lymphocyte subpopulations in
      adult epileptic patients.
AB  - Sixty-five patients undergoing long-term monotherapy for at least 3 months with
      phenytoin, carbamazepine or phenobarbital were screened for lymphocyte and
      immunoglobulin abnormalities. In 57% of patients the duration of therapy was
      longer than 12 months. The control subjects were matched for sex and age and none
      of them was taking drugs. The average serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM) values
      did not differ in control and patient groups. A significant decrease of OKT4+
      cells was seen with all drugs, while other lymphocyte subpopulations were
      differently affected depending on the drug used. It is concluded that long-term
      single-drug treatment with phenytoin, carbamazepine and phenobarbital exhibits
      immunosuppressant effects through a complex action which involves more than one
      lymphocyte subpopulation. Moreover, the possible interference of the disease
      state with the immune functions of epileptic patients is discussed.

PMID- 3874145
TI  - An IgM pan-T monoclonal antibody that blocks E-rosette formation.
AB  - An IgM monoclonal antibody directed against the T-cell E-rosette receptor was
      obtained by preparing a hybridoma against cells of a human T-cell leukemia line,
      HPB-ALL. The antibody, named EDN-34B1, reacts exclusively with cells of T-cell
      lineage, including those of three T-cell leukemia lines. It does not react with
      cells of B-cell lines, normal B-cells, or monocytes. EDN-34B1 recognizes a single
      polypeptide of approximately 50,000 molecular weight, is capable of blocking E
      rosette formation, and its binding to the target cell can be specifically blocked
      by monoclonal antibodies 9.6 and OKT-11, both anti-E-receptor antibodies. EDN
      34B1 is 100% cytotoxic against normal thymocytes and peripheral T-cells, thus
      enabling the routine removal of such cells from a mixed lymphocyte population,
      and kills a higher percentage of normal T-lymphocytes than Ab 9.6, even though
      immunofluorescence studies have shown that both antibodies bind to the same
      fraction of PBLs. This phenomenon may be due to the IgM nature of EDN-34B1.
      Addition of EDN-34B1 and complement to PBLs totally abrogates T-cell functions
      such as mitogen (PHA) stimulation and response in MLR, while addition of EDN-34B1
      alone only affects MLR.

PMID- 3874146
TI  - A computer-controlled multichannel stimulation system for laboratory use in
      functional neuromuscular stimulation.

PMID- 3874147
TI  - The modulation of immune complex aggregation by classical pathway-mediated
      reactions.
AB  - Classical pathway (CP)-triggered reactions of complement-modulated immune complex
      (IC) aggregation (tetanus toxoid/human anti-tetanus toxoid-IgG; ICs of
      equivalence) were investigated turbidimetrically during the early stages of
      reaction. Monospecific Fab'- or Fab-fragments (rabbit) directed against certain
      complement components were used to block the complement function in normal human
      serum (NHS). Additionally, parts of the reactions were studied using purified
      complement components. C1q in serum generated by the addition of EDTA as well as
      purified C1q were found to increase the IC aggregation. In contrast to C1q,
      macromolecular C1 is able to inhibit IC aggregation, whereas additional
      participation of C-1 INH reversed this process. The cooperation of the remaining
      CP proteins (C4, C2, C4bp, and I) reconstituted the inhibition capacity of the
      complement. Whereas C3 supported significantly inhibition, a significant
      influence of other effector pathway (EP) components (C5-C9) was not detectable
      turbidimetrically.

PMID- 3874148
TI  - Recombinant human interleukin 2 directly provides signals for the proliferation
      and functional maturation of murine B lymphocytes.
AB  - In this study the effect of recombinant human interleukin 2 (rec.hIL-2) on the
      proliferation and maturation of B lymphocytes was investigated. It was found that
      the presence of rec.hIL 2 results in proliferation of mitogen (LPS)-activated B
      cell blasts. In addition, it is shown that highly enriched murine B cells can be
      induced by rec.hIL-2 to proliferate and to develop into antibody-secreting cells
      (PFC) in the presence of antigen (SRBC). When tested for its effect on B cell
      preparations enriched for resting (small) or activated (blasted) B lymphocytes,
      it was found that rec.hIL 2 provides signals for both B cell populations to
      develop into PFC. In contrast, induction of proliferation by the same lymphokine
      source was only seen in blasted B cells. The data indicate that IL 2 is involved
      in the generation of B effector cells by directly acting on their precursors
      thereby providing differentiation as well as proliferation signals.

PMID- 3874149
TI  - Differential requirements for rabbit dendritic cells and macrophages in T
      lymphocyte proliferation induced by various mitogens.
AB  - Dendritic cells have been isolated from rabbit lymph nodes. Morphologically and
      phenotypically, they resemble dendritic cells from the mouse and rat. A
      comparison was made of the accessory cell function of dendritic cells and
      peritoneal macrophages in T-cell proliferation induced by phytohaemagglutinin
      (PHA) or Con A, or by a simultaneous treatment with the enzymes neuraminidase and
      galactose oxidase (NaGo). Dendritic cells seemed to be more effective than
      macrophages as accessory cells in these assays. However, macrophages suppress
      lymphocyte proliferation through the release of oxidating agents and production
      of prostaglandins. Elimination of this suppressive effect of the macrophages by
      addition of a combination of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and indomethacin in PHA
      induced cell proliferation resulted in a much higher support by macrophages,
      giving results that were comparable to those obtained with dendritic cells, but
      in NaGo-induced proliferation, macrophages were still not as effective as
      dendritic cells in the presence of the drugs. Experiments in diffusion culture
      vessels and with interleukin-1-containing macrophage supernatants showed that
      support by accessory cells can be mediated by soluble factors in PHA-induced
      proliferation. In contrast, in NaGo-induced proliferation, lymphocytes and
      accessory cells have to interact directly.

PMID- 3874150
TI  - Lymphatic mast cells in response to in vitro stimulation by non-specific T-cell
      mitogens.
AB  - Activation of lymph nodes by the T-cell mitogens PHA and Con A is correlated with
      a depletion of lymphatic mast cells. This result, and our earlier reports on the
      depletion of mast cells in lymph nodes stimulated by allogeneic and tumour cells,
      as well as on the elevation of mast cell number in thymus-less 'nude' mice, lead
      us to the conclusion that antigen- or mitogen-stimulated T lymphocytes produce
      lymphokine(s) which degranulates mast cells and/or is responsible for their
      negative chemotaxis.

PMID- 3874151
TI  - Changes in the interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 generation in duodenal ulcer
      patients during cimetidine treatment.
AB  - The effect of cimetidine treatment on the generation of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and
      interleukin-2 (IL-2) was studied in 11 duodenal ulcer patients. The results
      obtained were compared with those for untreated healthy subjects. The drug was
      administered intravenously in a dose of 200 mg four times a day for 8 days. The
      investigations were performed before, during and 1 wk after cimetidine therapy.
      IL-1 generation was determined by the ability of supernatants from 2-day cultured
      adherent cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide to enhance proliferation of PHA
      stimulated mice thymocytes. IL-2 generation was determined by the ability of
      supernatants from 2-day cultured, PHA-stimulated mononuclear cells to proliferate
      autologous 17-day cultured T cells. In all ulcer patients IL-1 generation
      diminished during cimetidine treatment (P less than 0.005). It continued to
      decrease in 4 subjects and increased in the other 7 ones following drug
      withdrawal. All the values were higher than those in healthy controls. IL-2
      activity in ulcer patients was similar to that in healthy subjects and it
      increased significantly in all ulcer patients following the onset of the
      treatment (P less than 0.005) and decreased nearly to the initial values 1 wk
      after termination of the treatment (P less than 0.005). The present studies
      indicate that cimetidine, a selective histamine H2-receptor antagonist, deeply
      changes mechanisms of immunoregulation in patients with duodenal peptic ulcer.

PMID- 3874152
TI  - Antigen presentation by proliferating thymic macrophages to A (T,G)-A-L specific
      T cell line in an H-2 restricted manner.
AB  - Long-term cultures of murine homogeneous populations of Ia-bearing thymus-derived
      murine macrophages were tested for their ability to present antigen to a (T,G)-A
      L specific IL-2-dependent continuous T cell line. Thymus-derived macrophages,
      with and without pretreatment for Ia induction, triggered efficiently antigen
      specific T cell proliferation in an MHC restricted way. This experimental system,
      consisting of two normal proliferating homogeneous populations of macrophages and
      antigen specific T cells, provides an ideal tool for studying the mechanism of
      antigen presentation to T cells and for elucidation of the role of macrophages in
      T-B cell collaboration for antibody production.

PMID- 3874153
TI  - Studies on T cell subsets in chronic urticaria by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Peripheral blood T lymphocytes and T cell subsets were explored in 25 patients
      with chronic urticaria and 25 healthy controls. Thirteen of the patients had
      lymphocytic or leukocytoclasic vasculitis. An abnormal distribution between
      helper and suppressor T cell subsets with decreased percentage of helper (OKT4) T
      cells was found as compared to controls.

PMID- 3874154
TI  - Fibronectin on the surface of human lymphocytes.
AB  - Fibronectin was detected by immunofluorescence technique on the surface of one
      part of separated normal peripheral blood lymphocytes by using FITC-conjugated
      anti-human fibronectin antibodies. Approximately one-fifth of isolated B cells
      and 7% of O cells contained surface-bound fibronectin but T cells failed to
      stain. There were no detectable free receptors for fibronectin on the surface of
      lymphocytes of different subsets as it was studied with FITC-labelled purified
      fibronectin. The percent of B and O cells bearing surface bound fibronectin was
      markedly decreased in patients with acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemias.

PMID- 3874155
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against differentiation antigens on human macrophages.
AB  - Human macrophages matured in vitro from blood monocytes without additional
      exogenous activation were used to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Ten of
      them were selected for high avidity and the best discrimination between mature
      macrophages and a panel of other cells including freshly prepared monocytes, B
      cells, T cells, granulocytes and thrombocytes. Five mAbs (MAX. 1, MAX. 2, MAX. 3,
      MAX. 11, MAX. 24) were found to detect macrophage differentiation antigens. One
      mAb (MAX. 26) detects an antigen which is shared by mature macrophages and T
      cells.

PMID- 3874156
TI  - Analysis and modulation of the immune response of mice to acetylcholine receptor
      by anti-idiotypes.
AB  - Anti-idiotypes were raised in mice against three well-characterized anti
      acetylcholine receptor (AChR) monoclonal antibodies (mcAbs), as well as against
      polyclonal mouse anti-AChR antibodies. In binding experiments, the anti-idiotypic
      antibodies inhibited the binding of AChR only to the immunizing idiotype.
      However, a less restricted specificity was found in in vivo experiments. Mice
      producing anti-idiotypes were challenged with AChR and the idiotypic composition
      of their anti-AChR response was analysed using specific rabbit anti-idiotypic
      antibodies. It was found that preimmunization with a certain idiotype leads to
      the preferential suppression of this particular idiotype in the polyclonal
      response to AChR. However, preimmunization with either polyclonal or monoclonal
      anti-AChR antibodies resulted in a reduction of the overall anti-Torpedo AChR and
      anti-muscle AChR titers. This reduction was greater than would be expected from
      the representation of each of the respective idiotypes in the polyclonal anti
      AChR serum, and may imply that in addition to the immunizing idiotype other anti
      AChR idiotypes are also suppressed. Our results suggest that anti-idiotypes may
      have a potential for the modulation of the autoimmune response directed against
      AChR in myasthenia.

PMID- 3874157
TI  - The polypeptide structure and assembly of Ly-2/3 heterodimers.
AB  - Mild reduction of mature, thymic Ly-2/3 heterodimers of Mr 67 000 resulted in
      dissociation into three individual polypeptide chains, alpha, alpha', and beta,
      of respective Mr values 38 000, 35 000, and 30 000. The alpha and alpha' chains
      were both immunoprecipitated by a monoclonal antibody directed to the Ly-2.1
      epitope whereas the Ly-3.1 antibody bound only the beta chain. The possibility
      that the alpha and beta chains of each heterodimer established their interchain
      links within a labile precursor protein in which alpha and beta segments were
      fused was considered but discounted by the finding that in mice heterozygous for
      both Ly-2 and Ly-3 loci, the Ly-2 product of one chromosome was not exclusively
      joined to Ly-3 structures coded by the same chromosome. By utilizing ionic
      detergents which selectively alter the charge of intrinsic membrane proteins,
      both Ly-2 and Ly-3 polypeptides were shown to have membrane insertion sites. It
      is suggested that as a consequence of their likely synthesis on membrane-bound
      polysomes, newly synthesized Ly-2 and Ly-3 structures accumulate within the same
      subcellular compartment - the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Their
      elevated concentration within this space may facilitate a low affinity binding
      interaction between Ly-2 and Ly-3 which is later stabilized by interchain
      disulfide bond formation.

PMID- 3874158
TI  - Identification of two forms of the Ly-6.2 antigen showing differential
      expression.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody to the Ly-6.2 specificity, defined by strain and tissue
      distribution, was used to identify the cellular antigens of lymphocytes and tumor
      cell lines. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of
      immune precipitates demonstrated that the Ly-6.2 antigen on the surface of thymus
      and the T lymphoma EL-4 was a protein of 34 kd, whereas spleen cells showed two
      Ly-6.2 molecules of 34 kd and 56 kd. In vitro translation of EL-4 T-lymphoma poly
      A+ RNA followed by immunoprecipitation showed the synthesis of two Ly-6.2
      precursor polypeptides. These two precursors were translated from separable mRNA
      molecules; the larger encoded a 54 kd polypeptide, while the second, smaller one
      translated a 36 kd polypeptide. Thus, the T lymphoma EL-4 contains two distinct
      mRNA, but only one is seen on the surface, while spleen cells contain and
      translate both mRNAs and both surface forms are detected. What determines the
      utilization of the two mRNAs and the surface expression of the two different
      proteins in the different tissues is not known. Whether the two mRNAs are the
      transcripts of one gene or arise by transcription of two separate but closely
      linked genes remains to be determined.

PMID- 3874160
TI  - Impaired antigen presenting function of macrophages from aged mice.
AB  - Using antigen-induced proliferation assay the presence of macrophages was found
      to be essential for the development of the T cell response. Decreased ability of
      antigen presentation by macrophages from aged A/J mice was detected.

PMID- 3874159
TI  - Consequences of a single Ir-gene defect for the pathogenesis of lymphocytic
      choriomeningitis.
AB  - The H-2Ld allele has been identified by others as the sole Ir gene in the H-2d
      haplotype for the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to mouse lymphocytic
      choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). The BALB/c-H-2dm2 (C-H-2dm2) mutant lacks H-2Ld,
      and thus should be ideal for assessing the contribution of virus-immune CTL to
      LCM immunopathology. Comparison of the C-H-2dm2 mice with congenic BALB/c mice
      revealed that there is a delay of about 24 h in the onset of severe inflammatory
      process and symptoms in the mutant strain, but the absence of H-2Ld did not
      prevent the later development of fatal disease in mice injected intracerebrally
      (i.c.) with neurotropic LCMV. This could indicate that virus-immune CTL are not
      the major mediators of clinical LCM. Spleen cells from LCMV-primed BALB/c mice
      did not show CTL activity for LCMV-infected C3H.OH, C-H-2dm2, or (CBA X C-H
      2dm2)F1 target cells. However, immune lymphocytes from both the mutant and the F1
      strains lyse virus-infected BALB/c cells. Furthermore, B10.HTG and, in some
      experiments, B10.A(5R) mice generated CTL lytic for LCMV-infected BALB/c, C-H
      2dm2, and (CBA X C-H-2dm2)F1 macrophages. Apparently H-2Ld is immunodominant in
      the H-2d-restricted response to LCMV. However, in the absence of H-2Ld, it seems
      that H-2Kd and, to a lesser extent, H-2Dd also serve as Ir genes for the CTL
      response in this infection. Even so, the absence of the H-2Ld-restricting element
      results in a disease process which is either delayed in onset or less severe.

PMID- 3874161
TI  - Cell mediated immune response in spontaneous abortion & toxaemia of pregnancy.

PMID- 3874162
TI  - Endoscopic sclerotherapy for active variceal haemorrhage in patients not
      responding to balloon tamponade & vasopressin.

PMID- 3874163
TI  - Influence of acute-phase proteins on the activity of natural killer cells.
AB  - The effects of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha
      1-AGP), and haptoglobin (Hp), the main constituents of alpha-globulin and which
      belong to acute-phase proteins, on NK activity were examined using K562 cells as
      the NK target cells. Among the three proteins, alpha 1-AT and alpha 1-AGP had
      inhibitory effects on NK activity for "fast target" K562 cells. The alpha 1-AT
      preparations having the same protein concentration and a different trypsin
      inhibitory capacity (TIC) had an equal effect. Although alpha 1-AT and alpha 1
      AGP equally reduced the NK activity, the mechanism involved in the reduction
      differed, in that the effect of alpha 1-AT directed toward NK cells reduced their
      binding capacity with the target cells. alpha 1-AGP probably interacts with a
      cytotoxic factor secreted from NK cells following effector-target interaction.
      These studies suggest that each of the acute-phase proteins, which increase
      following inflammation, inhibits NK cell function by two distinct mechanisms.

PMID- 3874164
TI  - Inherited bleeding disorders.

PMID- 3874165
TI  - IgE-binding factors. Selective regulation of the IgE response by T cell factors.
AB  - Gene cloning of rodent IgE-binding factors was accomplished, using messenger RNA
      of a rat T cell hybridoma, 23B6, which produce IgE-suppressive factor.
      Transfection of cos 7 monkey kidney cells with a cDNA clone resulted in the
      formation of rodent IgE-potentiating factors. The results provided a definitive
      evidence that IgE-binding factors represent a single peptide chain, and that the
      IgE-potentiating factor and IgE-suppressive factor share a common structural
      gene. Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA provided predicted amino acid sequence of the
      60K precursor molecules of IgE-potentiating factor. Human IgE-potentiating
      factors were obtained from a human T-T hybridoma. The factors have affinity not
      only for human IgE but also for rat IgE and selectively enhanced antigen-induced
      IgE response of rat lymphocytes. The same hybridoma could be switched to form IgE
      suppressive factor by the addition of glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF)
      during its biosynthesis. Purified GIF has immunosuppressive activity in the
      mouse. This factor suppressed the primary IgE and IgG antibody responses in the
      mouse, and markedly suppressed ongoing IgE antibody formation.

PMID- 3874166
TI  - Cloned mouse mast cells and normal mouse peritoneal mast cells. Determination of
      serotonin content and ability to synthesize serotonin in vitro.
AB  - We determined the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) content of growth factor
      dependent mouse mast cell lines or clones, and measured their ability to
      synthesize and store 3H-5HT from exogenous 5-hydroxy-[G-3H]-tryptophan (3H-5HTP)
      in vitro. Mast cells grown in vitro synthesized 3H-5HT from 3H-5HTP at rates
      equal to or greater than those of peritoneal mast cells freshly isolated from
      normal mice. Furthermore, under usual conditions of culture, mast cell lines or
      clones contained more 5HT than freshly isolated peritoneal mast cells.

PMID- 3874167
TI  - Inhibition of human basophil leukotriene release by antiinflammatory steroids.
AB  - We have previously shown that 24-hour culture of human basophils with the
      antiinflammatory steroid dexamethasone produces an inhibition of the IgE
      dependent release of histamine. In contrast, similar treatment of purified human
      lung mast cells does not inhibit the subsequent release of either histamine,
      prostaglandin D2, or leukotriene (LT) C4. We now show that incubation of mixed
      leukocytes for 24 h with 10(-7) M dexamethasone produces an inhibition of anti
      IgE-induced basophil LTC4 release as detected by radioimmunoassay. In three
      experiments, control (CON) and dexamethasone (10(-7) M; DEX)-treated cells were
      challenged with 0.01, 0.03 and 0.1 micrograms/ml of anti-IgE, and histamine and
      LTC4 were monitored. LTC4 release (ng LTC4/micrograms total cell histamine) from
      cells stimulated with anti-IgE was: 0.01 micrograms/ml anti-IgE, 6.9 +/- 4, 0.3
      +/- 0.1 (CON, DEX); 0.03 micrograms/ml anti-IgE, 13.8 +/- 4.7, 0.9 +/- 0.5; 0.1
      micrograms/ml anti-IgE, 19.5 +/- 2.3, 4.9 +/- 1.2. Histamine release was
      inhibited by 50-75% by treatment with DEX in these experiments. Dose-response
      studies (n = 4) indicate that the inhibitory actions of DEX on LTC4 release occur
      in the range of 10(-10) to 10(-7) M. The concentration of DEX at which LTC4
      release was inhibited by 50% (IC50) was approximately 2 X 10(-9) M. Another
      glucocorticoid (betamethasone) inhibited LTC4 release, while the
      nonglucocorticoids tetrahydrocortisone and beta-estradiol were inactive. High
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis (coupled with RIA) indicated
      that the relative proportions of LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 did not differ in
      supernatants from CON- and DEX-treated, anti-IgE-challenged cells.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3874168
TI  - In vitro synthesis of human IgE: reappraisal of a 5-year study.
AB  - In the last 5 years some models of human IgE production in vitro have been
      investigated in our laboratory. Spontaneous IgE synthesis was found in cultures
      of B cells from most patients with atopic dermatitis or atopic patients with
      multiple sensitivities and from some patients with pollenosis, but only during
      the pollination period. A small and variable increase of the spontaneous IgE
      synthesis was induced by soluble factor(s) produced by T cells from patients with
      severe atopy. Selected helper T cell clones were also able to induce IgE
      synthesis in vitro by both atopic and normal B cells.

PMID- 3874169
TI  - Factors influencing human IgE synthesis in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - Several pitfalls may affect studies on human IgE synthesis in vitro. In this
      paper, the requirement for stringent specificity of the anti-IgE antibodies used
      and for assessment not only of IgE detectable in culture supernatants but also as
      cell-associated IgE is emphasized. The use of cycloheximide-treated cultures as
      controls also leaves wishes open. Activated, human T cells and T cell hybridomas
      produce IgE-binding factors, which may be detected by a sensitive in vitro test
      and which may apparently also become the endeavour of synthesis by molecular
      biological techniques. Although the evidence available in rodents for the role of
      IgE-binding factors in modulating IgE synthesis has not yet been fully reproduced
      by us in man, the fact that classical IgE-enhancing procedures in rodents (e.g.
      radiotherapy, T cell suppression) also affect IgE production in man leads to
      believe that similar immunoregulation mechanisms apply to various mammalian
      species studied so far.

PMID- 3874170
TI  - Living with lymphocytes.
AB  - One of the most important topics in contemporary research on specific immune
      responses is the delineation of the mechanisms regulating the excitation,
      proliferation, and differentiation of lymphocytes whose specific receptors have
      bound antigen. Specific B cell activation may proceed through two major pathways.
      One of these, referred to as factor-dependent B cell activation, involves the
      excitation of the cell through the cross linkage of its membrane immunoglobulin
      (Ig) and the stepwise action on these cells of a number of stimulatory factors
      which leads to their proliferation and subsequent differentiation into high-rate
      IgM secreting cells. The properties of one of these soluble factors, B cell
      stimulatory factor (BSF-1; formerly designated B cell growth factor) is described
      in detail. The means through which it acts, together with differentiation
      factors, to cause the cell to enter an IgM secretory state is also discussed.

PMID- 3874171
TI  - Effects of serum amyloid P component on human lymphocytes.
AB  - The P component of amyloid is a normal serum protein designated SAP. SAP has
      substantial homology with C-reactive protein (CRP). Recent studies have
      established the structure, tissue distribution and binding reactivities of SAP;
      however, as yet, very minimal insight into its function has been achieved. Recent
      studies, though somewhat controversial, have suggested a regulatory role for CRP
      on the immune response. In view of these studies, we wanted to evaluate the in
      vitro effects of SAP on several immunological properties of human lymphocytes. We
      found that SAP had a marked inhibitory effect on the proliferative response of
      lymphocytes to a variety of T-dependent mitogens. In addition, SAP markedly
      enhanced the formation of active E rosettes, a marker of activated T cells.

PMID- 3874172
TI  - Humoral immunity and lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with dilated
      cardiomyopathy.
AB  - The incidence of serum organ and non-organ specific autoantibodies, the
      peripheral blood lymphocyte blastogenic response to phytohaemagglutinin,
      concanavalin A and pokeweek mitogen, and the surface markers of peripheral T and
      B lymphocytes were studied in 15 patients affected by coronary artery disease and
      in 21 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. In the latter group there was a
      significantly impaired blastogenic response to concanavalin A with respect to
      both the normal control group and patients with coronary artery disease (P less
      than 0.01). The percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes with
      cytotoxic/suppressor activity was also reduced in patients with dilated
      cardiomyopathy in comparison to normal subjects and patients with coronary artery
      disease (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively). These data may
      reflect an in vivo defect in suppressor cell function in patients with dilated
      cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3874173
TI  - Relationships of working status and cardiac capacity to functional age before and
      after coronary bypass surgery.
AB  - In 77 patients having coronary bypass surgery, we evaluated the interaction
      between chronological age, functional age, and working status pre- and
      postoperatively. Preoperatively the chronological age of those not working
      compared to those working was 60.7 +/- 8.4 years versus 53.0 +/- 8.3 years (P
      less than 0.001). The preoperative functional ages were 93.5 +/- 11.5 versus 87.6
      +/- 10.9 years (P less than 0.05). Postoperatively no patient who was not working
      preoperatively started work, although functional age improved from 93.5 +/- 11.5
      to 83.2 +/- 12.8 years (P less than 0.001). Postoperatively subjects who stopped
      working showed similar improvement in maximal cardiac output, and maximal oxygen
      consumption compared to those who continued working; however, the functional age
      after surgery was 80.6 +/- 9.4 versus 69.6 +/- 11.6 years (P less than 0.01).
      This study showed a poor relationship between degree of improvement in cardiac
      function after bypass surgery and change in working status. However, functional
      age and chronological age contribute to the poor results with regard to return to
      work.

PMID- 3874174
TI  - Estradiol induced alterations of the immune system--I. Enhancement of IgM
      production.
AB  - Estrogens have been postulated as natural modulators of the immune system. In
      this study we have evaluated the effect of estradiol on in vivo immunoglobulin
      production in male rats. Administration of either a 75 microgram/kg or 750
      microgram/kg dose of estradiol resulted in a dose-related increase of anti-sheep
      red blood cell antibody titers during a primary antibody response. These same
      animals when dosed with estradiol during a secondary antibody response showed an
      earlier appearance of the peak antibody titer in estradiol-treated rats as
      compared to controls. Rats dosed with estradiol only during the secondary
      antibody response period also showed a dose-related increase in Ab titer over
      control values but no shift in the time of appearance of the peak titer.
      Treatment of sera with 2-mercaptoethanol to evaluate IgG titers showed that 2
      mercaptoethanol treatment both reduced the titer to control values and eliminated
      the estradiol-induced shift in the appearance of the peak antibody titer in rats
      given estradiol during the primary and secondary antibody response periods. Sera
      from animals dosed with estradiol during the secondary antibody response period
      only also showed titers reduced to control levels after 2-mercaptoethanol
      treatment of the sera. Estradiol-treated rats also had an increase in antibody
      titers to polysaccharide from Type III pneumococci, a T-cell independent antigen.
      While total antibody responses were increased following estradiol, there were no
      differences in the number of antibody-producing cells between control and
      estradiol-treated animals. The results of these studies suggest that estradiol
      exerts a direct effect on B cells resulting in increased synthesis of IgM
      antibodies. We cannot rule out, however, some modulation through regulatory T
      cells.

PMID- 3874175
TI  - Augmentation of interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 production by OK-432.
AB  - Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of OK-432 augmented both interleukin 1 (IL
      1) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production to the rechallenge of OK-432 in vitro.
      Peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) of mice 8 days after i.p. injection with OK-432 (1
      KE/mouse) showed maximum IL-1 production to the restimulation with OK-432 in
      vitro. OK-432-induced IL-1 was consisted of three molecular weight species (two
      major peaks: 85 K and 15 K daltons and one minor peak: 67 K daltons) on Sephadex
      G-100 chromatography. Splenocytes of mice 4 days after i.p. injection with OK-432
      (1 KE/mouse) demonstrated maximum IL-2 production to the in vitro rechallenge of
      OK-432, however, in vivo OK-432 administration failed to enhance ConA-induced IL
      2 production in vitro. From gel filtration analysis, OK-432 induced IL-2 had an
      unique molecular weight (approximately 70 K daltons). From these results, OK-432
      induced augmentation of cellular immunity against tumor cells might be due to the
      activation of so-called lymphokine cascade reaction mediated by IL-1 and IL-2.

PMID- 3874176
TI  - Induction of interleukin 1 secretion by murine macrophages and human monocytes
      after stimulation by RU 41740, a bacterial immunomodulator.
AB  - RU 41740, a glycoprotein extract from K. pneumoniae K2O1 strain, is an
      immunomodulating compound which has been shown to reduce infectious episodes in
      patients prone to recurrent infections. Data from preliminary experiments suggest
      that RU 41740 may affect several target cells, including T cells, B cells or
      macrophages. In the present report we show that RU 41740 can trigger mouse
      macrophages and human adherent mononuclear cells to produce interleukin 1
      activity. Indeed, supernatants from mouse peritoneal adherent cells and human
      monocytes incubated in presence of RU 41740, can stimulate blastogenesis in
      thymocytes from C3H/HeJ mice. The data suggest that the immunomodulating effect
      of RU 41740 could be related to its ability to induce interleukin 1 production.

PMID- 3874177
TI  - Radiation-induced damage to mitochondrial D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
      and lipid peroxidation.
AB  - Radiation-induced damage to the reconstituted system of membrane-bound enzyme, D
      beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase obtained from rat liver mitochondria, was
      investigated in relation to the lipid peroxidation of membranes. The activity of
      D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in fresh mitochondria was very low in
      general and was not affected by irradiation because of little incorporation of
      substrates into mitochondria. However, the enzyme activity in one-day-aged
      mitochondria or submitochondrial particles was five times higher than that of
      fresh mitochondria and decreased with increasing radiation dose accompanying the
      increase in peroxidation of membrane lipids. The activity of D-beta
      hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in the reconstituted system of the purified enzyme
      with irradiated liver microsomes or irradiated liposomes was decreased
      considerably in comparison with either unirradiated control or irradiated enzyme.
      Therefore, the radiation-induced decrease in the enzyme activity was thought to
      be caused mainly by peroxidation of membrane lipids and not to be due to direct
      damage by radiation to the enzyme molecule itself. Irradiation of microsomes, a
      component of the reconstituted system, caused decreases in phosphatidylcholine
      and phosphatidylethanolamine content and an increase in lysophosphatidylcholine
      content. In addition, arachidonic acid contents in phosphatidylcholine,
      phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine were also markedly decreased
      with increasing radiation dose. These results are discussed in terms of a
      mechanism involving radiation-induced damage to membrane function and structures.

PMID- 3874178
TI  - 1H- and 2H-n.m.r. studies of water in gamma-irradiated phosphatidylcholine
      multilamellar liposomes.
AB  - 1H- and 2H-n.m.r. studies of gamma-irradiation-induced variations in the dynamic
      structure and proportional amounts of free, trapped and bound water species in
      multilamellar liposomes are reported and discussed. Bound water is shown to
      increase with dose and to be present in two different structural states. A dose
      dependent decrease in the 1H-n.m.r. relaxation times of bound water following
      gamma-irradiation is reported. Variations are suggested as being due to large
      scale changes at the bilayer surface.

PMID- 3874179
TI  - Radiobiological issues in the anomalous enhanced effect of low-dose-rate fission
      spectrum neutrons: reply to Letter to the Editor by G. W. Barendsen.

PMID- 3874180
TI  - The level of induced DNA double-strand breakage correlates with cell killing
      after X-irradiation.
AB  - The neutral filter elution technique has been used to examine the relationship
      between X-ray-induced DNA double-strand breakage (dsb) and lethal lesions. The
      ratios of the different lesions produced by X-irradiation were varied by
      irradiation in the presence of different radiomodifiers, and in each case the
      same linear relationship between lethal lesions and induced DNA dsb was found.
      This relationship also held for cells given a hyperthermic treatment before
      irradiation. It is concluded that DNA dsb is probably the lethal lesion induced
      by ionizing radiation.

PMID- 3874181
TI  - Effect of different pion stopping volumes on the radiation response of mouse
      small intestine.
AB  - This radiobiological investigation was based on measurements of crypt cell
      survival in mouse small intestine when the animals were exposed to 5 cm3 (spot),
      350 cm3 and 3010 cm3 (the latter two were spot scans) pion stopping volumes
      generated by the multi-channel Piotron of the Swiss Institute for Nuclear
      Research. The experimental data obtained indicate that there was a decrease in
      biological effectiveness when the pion treatment volume was enlarged,
      irrespective of whether the pion dose was delivered in a single exposure or in
      four fractions. The r.b.e. values for pion beams relative to 200 kVp X-rays for
      the different experimental conditions used in this study are presented. The
      phenomenon of decreasing biological effectiveness with increasing pion stopping
      volume may be attributed to the following two factors: (1) when the pion stopping
      volume is increased there is a corresponding dilution of the high l.e.t.
      component of the beam; (2) the biological test system used may be sensitive to
      radiation dose rate which varied by a ratio of about 20 for the pion volumes used
      in this study.

PMID- 3874182
TI  - Radiation survival of vascular smooth muscle cells as a function of age.
AB  - Late damage to normal tissues is an important consideration in determining the
      dose of radiation which can be delivered to a given target volume in clinical
      radiation therapy. The response of large blood vessels to radiation injury is
      undoubtedly complex and is influenced by (1) the cellular composition of the
      vessel wall, (2) the slow turnover of vascular cells, and (3) vascular repair
      mechanisms. As a first order model for radiation effects in large vessels, we
      have studied the radiobiologic properties of cultured vascular smooth muscle
      cells. We have measured survival curves and repair of sublethal radiation damage
      in exponentially growing cultures of rat aortic smooth muscle cells as a function
      of animal age and site of origin (thoracic versus abdominal aorta). Radiation
      survival parameters (utilizing two different mathematical models for the survival
      curve) and repair of sublethal damage did not appear to vary significantly as a
      function of animal age (3-23 months) or site or origin.

PMID- 3874183
TI  - Non-stochastic effects: compatibility with present ICRP recommendations.
AB  - The present recommendations of the ICRP (International Commission on Radiological
      Protection) are almost entirely based on 'stochastic effects' of ionizing
      radiation, i.e. cancer induction and heritable effects. In a recent report the
      compatibility of present recommendations with non-stochastic effects has been
      considered. The present paper is a summary of these findings.

PMID- 3874184
TI  - Lung tumour induction in mice after uniform and non-uniform external thoracic X
      irradiation.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of the ICRP procedure of
      using average tissue/organ dose in estimating carcinogenic risk. It has been
      suggested that highly non-uniform exposure ('hot spots') is much more
      carcinogenic than an equivalent dose delivered uniformly. In a series of
      experiments, mice were irradiated with X-rays either uniformly to the thorax or
      non-uniformly with 72 1-mm microbeams which irradiated approximately 20 per cent
      of the total lung volume. Two experiments involving uniform irradiation showed a
      peaked tumour incidence curve with a maximum at 5 Gy. The first 'microbeam' study
      also produced a pronounced peak in the dose response with a maximum tumour
      incidence at 1 Gy average lung dose or 5 Gy to the irradiated lung tissue. This
      implied the use of average tissue dose might underestimate the carcinogenic
      hazard of non-uniform exposure. Later, more extensive, microbeam experiments
      failed to replicate this finding. The results were nearly similar to those for
      uniform irradiation, with a slight increase in tumour incidence from 2.5-5.0 Gy
      average lung dose. These results imply that for these irradiation conditions the
      ICRP dose averaging procedure remains valid.

PMID- 3874185
TI  - Appearance of Ia antigens on T lymphocytes stimulated by streptococcal mitogen as
      an in vitro model of autoimmunity.
AB  - Streptococcal mitogen (SM) is an extracellular product of group A streptococci,
      which is nonspecifically mitogenic for both B and T lymphocytes. The mitogenic
      activity of SM is resistant to digestion with trypsin, to heating at 100 degrees
      C for 5 min and to treatment with dithiothreitol. The proliferative response of
      lymphocytes from patients with a history of rheumatic fever is similar to that of
      lymphocytes from healthy donors when stimulated with optimal concentrations of
      SM, but is significantly reduced when low doses of SM are used. T lymphocytes
      stimulated with SM acquire la antigens and the ability to stimulate allogeneic
      and autologous lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte reactions. An involvement of la
      antigens in these reactions is indicated by the specific block by monoclonal
      antibodies. T lymphocytes may acquire la antigens following exposure to an
      appropriate antigen. If this occurs following a streptococcal infection, these in
      vitro findings suggest that la bearing T cells may play a role in the
      immunopathological events which can follow a streptococcal infection. The system
      described may be a useful in vitro model to analyse the immunopathological events
      which can follow a streptococcal infection and to develop therapeutic approaches
      to autoimmune conditions.

PMID- 3874186
TI  - Immunology of viral infections.
AB  - Immune responses to nonenveloped and enveloped viruses are different (see Table
      1). The immune reactions to nonenveloped viruses are predominantly humoral
      responses against extracellular viruses, because nonenveloped viruses usually are
      released rapidly, a process that results in lysis and death of the infected cell,
      and because viral antigens are not present on the cell membrane. In contrast,
      cell-mediated immunity, together with humoral immune response, plays a major role
      in the defense against enveloped viral infections, since the release of enveloped
      viruses from the infected cells occurs slowly and the cell membrane contains
      viral antigens that become targets for effector cells of cell-mediated immunity.

PMID- 3874187
TI  - The immunopathogenesis of staphylococcal infections.

PMID- 3874188
TI  - Host-parasite interaction.

PMID- 3874189
TI  - Cellular sensitivity to glucocorticoids in patients with POAG. Steroid receptors
      and responses in cultured skin fibroblasts.
AB  - The question of a generalized hypersensitivity to corticosteroids in primary open
      angle glaucoma (POAG) was investigated using cultured skin fibroblasts from
      patients with POAG and age-matched controls. Nuclear binding of (3H)
      dexamethasone was performed to evaluate possible changes in the glucocorticoid
      receptors. Cortisol effects on (3H)-thymidine uptake into the cells were
      investigated as a measure of the cellular sensitivity to corticosteroids. When
      POAG and control groups were compared, no significant differences (P less than
      0.05) were found for either the number or affinity of glucocorticoid receptors
      (POAG: Kd = 6.1 +/- 1.0 nM, Rt = 94 +/- 13 sites/cell X 10(3); control: Kd = 5.5
      +/- 1.6 nM, Rt = 124 +/- 20 X 10(3) sites/cell) or for cortisol effects on
      thymidine uptake (POAG: C50 = 83 +/- 38 nM; control: C50 = 80 +/- 34 nM). Use of
      epidermal growth factor (EGF) resulted in an increased steroid sensitivity in
      some cell lines, but again no differences between POAG and control groups were
      detected. These results suggest that a generalized cellular hypersensitivity to
      glucocorticoids is not intrinsic to POAG. It is possible that environmental
      alterations and/or endogenous factors may influence the steroid responses
      observed in these patients.

PMID- 3874190
TI  - Adaptation of saccadic and vestibulo-ocular systems after extraocular muscle
      tenectomy.
AB  - Adaptation of saccadic magnitude and vestibulo-ocular reflex gain (VOR) was
      examined in six monkeys that had undergone a tenectomy of the medial and lateral
      recti of one eye. After the tenectomy, when the normal eye was patched, a
      conjugate increase in saccadic magnitude and VOR was observed in both eyes.
      Subsequent unpatching resulted in selective (nonconjugate) changes in the two
      eyes such that control values of saccadic magnitude and VOR gain were eventually
      reestablished in both eyes. Evidence that this return to normal was mediated by a
      selective adaptation of the neural innervation to one eye was provided by the
      following observations: (1) saccades in the normal eye were of a lower peak
      velocity and longer duration after normalization than prior to the tenectomy; and
      (2) repatching the tenectomized eye after normalization produced a selective
      return of deficits in that eye over a period of a few days. Thus, the saccadic
      and vestibulo-ocular systems can be adapted in both a conjugate and a selective
      or nonconjugate fashion.

PMID- 3874191
TI  - The geographic distribution of rheumatic fever in Hawaii.

PMID- 3874192
TI  - Immunoautoradiographic and protein-A/gold labelling experiments for localization
      of pollen allergens using antisera from atopic human individuals.
AB  - Using serum from human atopic individuals with a sufficiently high titre of IgE
      and IgG antibodies to birch- or hazel-pollen allergens and antigens, the
      localization of IgE binding sites in birch- and hazel-pollen grains was
      determined by pre- and post-embedding electron microscopic immunoautoradiography
      with 125I-anti-IgE, whereas the IgG binding sites were localized in ultrathin
      sections of birch-pollen grains by the protein-A/gold technique. Concerning the
      distribution patterns of both IgE/IgG binding sites within the pollen grains, no
      difference could be observed in the dormant pollen grain: Labelling was found in
      the exine part of the pollen wall and throughout the highly condensed cytoplasm
      except for starch grains and lipid droplets. The intine part and the germination
      pores were almost completely unlabelled. In pollen grains which had been soaked
      in a hypotonic buffer for 15 min, however, IgE binding sites were predominantly
      localized within the intine and the germination pores. The specificity of the
      labelling reactions and the observed differences in the localization patterns are
      discussed.

PMID- 3874193
TI  - Inhibition of anti-class I cytotoxicity by anti-class II monoclonal antibodies
      (MoAb). I. Blocking of bulk non-DR and non-DQ-directed cytotoxic T cells by MoAb
      against DR, DQ, and DP.
AB  - We previously demonstrated that although human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)
      generated against a lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) mutant that had lost DR and DQ
      (formerly known as MB) expression were directed primarily at class I antigens,
      the lytic activity of such CTL could be inhibited by monoclonal antibodies (MoAb)
      against monomorphic determinants on DR molecules. Furthermore, the inhibitory
      effect was found to occur by binding of the MoAb to the target cell, not the
      effector cell, because lysis of LCL target cells not expressing DR was not
      inhibited. In this paper we extend this phenomenon to show (i) that MoAbs
      directed against DQ and DP class II gene products also inhibit the lysis of LCL
      target cells by CTLs recognizing class I antigens; and (ii) that not all DR
      specific MoAbs blocked target cell lysis by non-DR specific CTLs. In addition,
      when PBLs were used to stimulate the generation of CTLs in mixed leukocyte
      culture (MLC), inhibition using anti-class II (DR, DQ, and DP) MoAb occurred only
      when LCLs but not PHA blasts were used as targets. This might be explained by
      elevated expression of class II molecules on LCLs compared to PHA blasts.

PMID- 3874194
TI  - The thymus in "bare lymphocyte" syndrome: significance of expression of major
      histocompatibility complex antigens on thymic epithelial cells in intrathymic T
      cell maturation.
AB  - Thymic biopsies from two patients with combined immunodeficiency and defective
      expression of HLA class I and class II antigens on blood mononuclear cells ("bare
      lymphocyte" syndrome) were investigated. This made possible an evaluation of the
      significance of HLA antigen expression in a detailed (immuno)histologic study.
      Both thymuses showed a normal lobular architecture with distinct cortex-medulla
      areas, well-differentiated epithelium, including ultrastructurally defined
      subtypes, and Hassall's corpuscles. Normal numbers of lymphoid cells were present
      and normal T-cell phenotype was found. Using anti-HLA-A,B,C antisera, confluent
      staining of the medulla (stroma and lymphocytes) was observed. One of the
      thymuses was found to be negative for HLA class II antigen expression: the other
      revealed only HLA-DR positivity of nonlymphoid cells in the medulla. These cells
      were not of epithelial nature as judged from double staining with anti-keratin
      antibody. There was no expression of HLA-DC/DS. These observations differ from
      findings in the normal thymus, wherein epithelial cells in the cortex carry HLA
      class I and class II antigens, and epithelial cells in the medulla express HLA
      class I, and for a minor part class II antigens. The results indicate a normal
      sequential acquisition of T-cell differentiation antigens in the thymus of both
      cases. It is suggested that the expression of HLA class I and class II antigens
      on epithelial cells in the normal thymus cortex does not play a significant role
      in the sequential acquisition of differentiation antigens on T lymphocytes.

PMID- 3874195
TI  - In vitro growth and phenotypic characterization of mesodermal-derived and
      epithelial components of normal and abnormal human thymus.
AB  - Long-term in vitro cultures of human thymic tissue were established and
      phenotypically characterized using monoclonal reagents that define distinct
      components of the human thymic microenvironment. The epithelial component of the
      thymus, defined by monoclonal antibodies TE-3, TE-4, BBTECS, and AE1 (anti
      keratin) was isolated from the mesodermal component, defined by antibody TE-7,
      and maintained separately in long-term culture. The epithelial cells were
      subcultured repeatedly and recovered from storage in liquid nitrogen. The in
      vitro phenotype of the cultured cells was compared to that of cultured human
      epidermal cells. A subpopulation of cultured thymic epithelial cells along with a
      subpopulation of cultured epidermal cells expressed antigens (TE-8, TE-15)
      characteristic of late stages of keratinized epithelial cell differentiation.
      Thus, we have established a system whereby components of the human thymic
      microenvironment can be cultivated in vitro while maintaining the capacity to
      differentiate. This approach can be used to evaluate the role of components of
      the thymic microenvironment at various stages of differentiation on developing T
      lymphocytes. In addition, keratin-containing thymic epithelial cells were
      successfully cultured from thymuses obtained from patients with myasthenia gravis
      and thymoma. Cultivation of abnormal thymic epithelium will provide insight into
      aberrant T lymphocyte-thymic epithelial interaction.

PMID- 3874196
TI  - HLA-DR7 association with African Burkitt's lymphoma.
AB  - Association between HLA-DR7 and Burkitt's lymphoma previously reported has been
      confirmed by a second study. Analysis of additional data from a second study of
      33 Ghanaian patients with African Burkitt's lymphoma and 54 Ghanaian controls
      matched for age and ethnic origin showed that 39.4% of cases, but only 14.8% of
      controls, had HLA-DR7 (p less than 0.01). The relative risk of 3.7 is similar to
      that observed in the earlier study (3.3). Combining the earlier and present
      studies, analysis of clinical data from 94 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and
      116 controls shows the relative risk of Burkitt's lymphoma among individuals with
      HLA-DR7 was 3.4 (p less than 0.001). There was an increased relative risk of the
      disease associated with HLA-DR7 in: patients under 10 years of age; and patients
      with advanced stages of disease (Stage III or IV). However, comparison of
      relative risks by sequential analysis of 2 X 2 tables showed that these
      differences by age and stage were not statistically significant.

PMID- 3874197
TI  - Ultrastructural changes of polypropylene loops in a chronically inflamed eye.
AB  - We have documented diffuse, superficial, transverse fissures of blue
      polypropylene IOL loops that had been exposed to a prolonged inflammatory
      reaction. The cause and clinical significance of this process has not yet been
      determined. The polymethylmethacrylate optic showed no similar changes.

PMID- 3874198
TI  - The antimicrobial activity of cefpirome, a new cephalosporin.
AB  - The activity of the extended spectrum cephalosporin cefpirome (HR 810) was
      compared with that of other beta-lactams and gentamicin. A total of 524 clinical
      isolates and strains known to be resistant to certain agents were studied.
      Against the Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria spp.
      cefpirome was highly active (MIC90 less than or equal to 0.5 mg/l), generally
      being as active or slightly more active than ceftazidime and cefotaxime, and 8 to
      32 times more active than cefuroxime. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa cefpirome
      (MIC90 8 mg/l) was four-fold less active than ceftazidime. Staphylococcus aureus
      was susceptible to cefpirome (MIC90 2 mg/l) and cefpirome was the only
      cephalosporin tested with significant activity against Lancefield Group D
      streptococci. Bacteroides spp. (with the exception of Bact. ureolyticus) were
      resistant to cefpirome. The compound was bactericidal to all the susceptible
      strains studied with the exception of Lancefield Group D streptococci. The major
      target site for cefpirome was PBP 3 and the protein binding was low.

PMID- 3874199
TI  - Do beta-lactamases 'trap' cephalosporins?

PMID- 3874200
TI  - Efficacy of tetroxoprim/sulphadiazine in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii
      pneumonitis in rats.
AB  - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis was induced using dexamethasone in male Sprague
      Dawley rats. After the first death due to Pn. carinii occurred, nine rats
      received 50 mg/kg/day tetroxoprim and 120 mg/kg/day sulphadiazine. Four
      additional rats were given no therapy and served as a positive control. All the
      surviving rats including five negative controls were sacrificed four weeks after
      the last positive control rat died. All four rats in the positive control group
      and two of nine in the treated group developed Pn. carinii pneumonitis, whereas
      none of the five negative controls had evidence of Pn. carinii infection. The
      difference between the treated and untreated rats was significant (P = 0.05).
      These results suggest that combination therapy with tetroxoprim/sulphadiazine is
      effective in the treatment of Pn. carinii pneumonitis in this animal model.

PMID- 3874201
TI  - Proline is required for the stimulation of DNA synthesis in hepatocyte cultures
      by EGF.
AB  - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to stimulate DNA synthesis in rat
      parenchymal hepatocytes both in vivo in vitro. We report here that this response
      in vitro is dependent on the amino acids present in the media. Of all the amino
      acids, proline has the strongest effect. The response to EGF is absent without
      proline and none of the other amino acids can substitute for it. Added proline (1
      mM) to the media caused the labeling index to increase from 11% to 55% in the
      presence of 50 ng/ml EGF and insulin. In the presence of proline, small
      additional increases of the EGF effect on DNA synthesis were stimulated by
      phenylalanine and tyrosine.

PMID- 3874202
TI  - Long-term serial cultivation and growth requirements for human umbilical vein
      endothelial cells.
AB  - Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUV-EC) grew rapidly in vitro in medium
      supplemented with epidermal growth factor, fetal bovine serum (FBS) and human
      diploid fibroblast-conditioned medium. The effect of FBS could be replaced
      partially by bovine serum albumin, cholesterol, and vitamin E, and completely by
      further addition of serum dialysate or refeeding every other day. Among these
      components, fibroblast-conditioned medium is essential for HUV-EC growth. The HUV
      EC were cultured serially for over 50 population doublings in the 10% FBS
      containing fibroblast-conditioned medium and for over 40 population doublings in
      the serum-free medium. Mitogenic factor(s) present in the medium conditioned by
      fibroblasts may be related to endothelial cell growth factor and play an
      important role in angiogenesis and regeneration of vascular endothelium in vitro.

PMID- 3874203
TI  - Extracellular matrix (ECM) modulates the EGF-induced migration of liver
      epithelial cells in serum-free, hormone-supplemented medium.
AB  - The influence of the extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins collagen IV,
      laminin (LN), and fibronectin (FN) on the in vitro migration of epithelial cells
      was studied using the ECM migration track method (4) with preparations
      immunostained for LN and FN. The locomotion of rat liver epithelial cells
      stimulated to migrate in serum-free medium by epidermal growth factor (EGF) in
      the presence of insulin is inhibited by substratum-bound FN. The inhibition is
      concentration-dependent up to 0.7 microgram of the protein per cm2. Neither LN
      nor collagen IV decreased the number of migrating cells, indicating that the
      inhibition is a specific effect of fibronectin. The data also indicate that the
      FN-mediated inhibition of migration is an additional and not alternative
      mechanism to the well-established contact inhibition of locomotion (1) which also
      occurs in liver epithelial cell cultures. The system is being used for a further
      analysis of the factors that influence migration of normal and neoplastic
      epithelial cells and the biochemical mechanisms underlying the migration
      reaction.

PMID- 3874204
TI  - Purification and characterization of the C3 convertase of the classical pathway
      of human complement system by size exclusion high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - The C3 convertase of the classical pathway of the complement system is a liable
      complex, C4b,2a, and is activated by limited proteolysis of two components, C4
      and C2, by C1s. By utilizing iodine-treated C2 and size exclusion high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we have succeeded in isolating for the
      first time the classical pathway C3 convertase. Size exclusion HPLC demonstrated
      that the apparent molecular mass of the C3 convertase was 280K daltons. The C3
      convertase decay-dissociates spontaneously into C4b and C2a. The decay
      dissociation is a temperature-dependent reaction and the half-lives of the C3
      convertase at 24, 30, and 37 degrees C were estimated to be 400, 180, and 60 min,
      respectively. The decay-dissociation was also dependent on pH and was accelerated
      by increasing pH. In addition, the decay-dissociation of the C3 convertase was
      accelerated by C2b. This result suggests that C2b acts as a feedback inhibitor on
      the activation of the classical pathway of complement system.

PMID- 3874205
TI  - Growth factor- and dexamethasone-induced proteins in Swiss 3T3 cells.
      Relationship to DNA synthesis.
AB  - Dexamethasone synergistically enhances the stimulation of DNA synthesis in
      quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells by cartilage-derived growth factor (CDGF) while having
      no consistent effect when added with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or
      serum. We examined the hypothesis that this difference might be attributed to
      selective synthesis of individual proteins early in the G1 phase of the cell
      cycle. Swiss 3T3 cells were treated with CDGF, PDGF, and fetal bovine serum for 3
      h, with or without dexamethasone, and [35S]methionine-labeled proteins were
      separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis on giant gels. Over 3300 proteins
      could be distinguished; 34 of these were consistently induced more than 3-fold by
      all three factors, while an additional 30 inductions were variably present.
      Dexamethasone by itself induced 8 other proteins, and at least 9 growth factor
      inductions were synergistically enhanced by addition of the hormone. To identify
      proteins intimately associated with growth control, we looked for inductions that
      reflected the dexamethasone synergy with CDGF on DNA synthesis and lack of such
      an effect with PDGF. The induction of only one group of proteins, the Band 1
      isoforms (44-46 kDa, pI 6.1-5.9) displayed such selective synergy. The majority
      of the other growth factor inductions were inhibited by dexamethasone, even in
      the context of maximal DNA synthesis, implying that their increased synthesis is
      not required for growth. When 3T3 cells were treated with increasing doses of
      CDGF with and without dexamethasone, autoradiographic densities of induced
      proteins varied in a dose-responsive fashion. However, only levels of the Band 1
      proteins bore a constant linear relationship to DNA synthesis, suggesting that
      they play an important role in early control of the cell cycle.

PMID- 3874206
TI  - Specific modification of the functional arginine residue in soybean trypsin
      inhibitor (Kunitz) by peptidylarginine deiminase.
AB  - In order to elucidate the specificity of rabbit muscle peptidylarginine
      deiminase, which catalyzes the conversion of arginyl to citrullyl residues
      (Takahara, H., Oikawa, Y., and Sugawara, K. (1983) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 94, 1945
      1953), we examined the action of this enzyme on a variety of trypsin inhibitors
      by assay of residual trypsin-inhibiting activity. The enzyme rapidly abolished
      the activity of soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) (STI) in a process that was
      pseudo-first order with the rate dependent on enzyme concentration (second order
      rate constant = 5.0 X 10(4) M-1 S-1), whereas no detectable changes in activity
      were noted for other inhibitors tested. Inactivation of STI was due to the
      conversion of 1 arginine to a citrulline residue and was accompanied with a 0.2
      unit decrease of the isoelectric point. There was no alteration of the molecular
      size and overall conformation of STI. Furthermore, analysis of modified STI
      indicated that arginine 63, known as the reactive site of STI, is the residue
      modified by peptidylarginine deiminase. Thus, peptidylarginine deiminase
      selectively catalyzes the deimination of the functional arginine residue of STI.

PMID- 3874207
TI  - Photoaffinity probes for serotonin and histamine receptors. Synthesis and
      characterization of two azide analogues of ketanserin.
AB  - Two azide analogues of ketanserin (6- and 7-azido-3-[2- [4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1
      piperidinyl]ethyl]-2, 4(1H,3H)-quinazolinedione) were synthesized and tested as
      possible photoaffinity probes for serotonin-S2 and histamine-H1 receptors. In
      reversible binding experiments, the azides showed high affinity for both receptor
      types. When membrane preparations were incubated with nanomolar concentrations of
      7-azidoketanserin and subsequently irradiated with UV light, both serotonin and
      histamine receptors became irreversibly blocked. This irreversible binding was
      dependent on azide concentrations and time of irradiation and did not change in
      the presence of the scavenger p-aminobenzoic acid. In contrast, irreversible
      blockade at low concentrations of 6-azidoketanserin was only obtained for
      histamine receptors. However, this blockade was abolished by addition of the
      scavenger p-aminobenzoic acid indicating that it was not due to a real
      photoaffinity mechanism. In the rat prefrontal cortex, irreversible blocking of
      serotonin receptors with 7-azidoketanserin could be inhibited by serotonin
      agonists or antagonists but not by histaminergic compounds. On the contrary, in
      the guinea pig cerebellum, inactivation of histamine receptors could be inhibited
      by histamine antagonists and histamine itself but not by serotonergic compounds.
      This provides a way for differential photolabeling of either of these receptors.

PMID- 3874208
TI  - Native conformation of human von Willebrand protein. Analysis by electron
      microscopy and quasi-elastic light scattering.
AB  - von Willebrand factor (vWF) was analyzed by electron microscopic and quasi
      elastic light scattering techniques in order to evaluate the size and shape of
      this heterogeneous polymeric plasma glycoprotein. Electron micrographs
      demonstrated that native vWF molecules are flexible, linear polymers, ranging in
      contour length from 100 to 1300 nm. In their typical configuration, the polymers
      were coiled upon themselves with maximal diameters ranging from 60 to 200 nm.
      Individual repeating protomeric subunits were discernible in occasionally noted,
      uncoiled polymers and measured 100 nm X 1.5-2.0 nm. Quasi-elastic light
      scattering analysis confirmed that measurements of the size and shape of purified
      vWF molecules in solution were similar to those obtained with electron
      microscopic techniques. In addition, the mean Stokes radius and mean radius of
      gyration assessed by quasielastic light scattering were directly related over a
      wide range of values, as were the diameter and contour length measured from
      electron micrographs, suggesting that the overall shape of polymers does not
      change with increasing size. This study supports the concept that native vWF
      molecules are flexible, linear polymers. In addition, this study clearly shows
      that the polymer configuration assessed from electron micrographs is a valid
      representation of the configuration of the polymer in solution. The data
      presented also provide the first evidence for a well-defined, repeating
      protomeric subunit.

PMID- 3874209
TI  - Relationship of free-recall memory to hypertension in the elderly. The Iowa 65+
      Rural Health Study.
AB  - The relationship between hypertension and performance on a test of free recall
      memory was explored in a geographically-defined population of free-living
      subjects 65 years and older. Those with diastolic but not isolated systolic
      hypertension had a significantly lower performance on the memory test, after
      controlling for general health status, antihypertensive medication use and other
      factors which might confound or modify this association. These findings from a
      population study confirm the results of prior investigations in smaller numbers
      of highly selected subjects and suggest that further study may lead to improved
      prevention of cognitive decline in the elderly.

PMID- 3874210
TI  - The effects of indomethacin and interleukin-2 on the proliferation of lymphocytes
      from patients with lung cancer.
AB  - The effects of the addition of indomethacin and interleukin-2 (IL-2) to
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes from patients with untreated
      squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung and with chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease and from normal individuals were studied. In 13 of 21 patients with lung
      carcinoma, the response of lymphocytes to PHA stimulation was significantly
      augmented by indomethacin. In these 13 patients, the nonaugmented PHA response
      was also significantly depressed, with only 1 patient falling in the normal
      range. In the other 8 patients, the average PHA reactivity was normal, as was the
      degree of augmentation by indomethacin. In additional studies, IL-2 was added to
      PHA-stimulated lymphocytes with and without the addition of indomethacin. In the
      normal group, IL-2 further increased PHA reactivity by an average of 46.0%. The
      addition of indomethacin to these cultures increased the PHA reactivity by only
      8.8%, which is similar to the indomethacin effect for the PHA-stimulated cells
      without the addition of IL-2. In the cancer group, the PHA reactivity of 13 of 19
      patients was significantly increased by the addition of IL-2. When indomethacin
      was added simultaneously with IL-2, the proliferative response for 12 of 19
      patients was increased significantly more than for the normal controls. Thus,
      this study indicates that the PHA reactivity of lymphocytes from many lung
      carcinoma patients is augmented to a greater extent than for normal individuals
      by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. Also, the addition of IL-2 to these PHA
      stimulated cultures did not mimic the addition of indomethacin, but instead the
      effects were usually additive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3874211
TI  - The effect of 6-mercaptopurine on natural killer-cell activities in Crohn's
      disease.
AB  - Crohn's disease patients on long-term 6-mercaptopurine therapy (more than 4
      months) were evaluated for activity of peripheral blood natural killer cells.
      Natural killer-cell cytolytic activity against K-562 tumor-cell targets was
      examined, as was natural killer-cell suppression of lymphoblastoid B-cell
      antibody production. In addition, these patients were studied for their ability
      to generate antitetanus-specific IgG-antibody-producing lymphoblastoid B cells
      following in vivo booster immunization. Crohn's disease patients on 6
      mercaptopurine therapy had significant reductions in peripheral blood natural
      killer-cell activity against K-562 targets compared to normals, disease controls,
      and Crohn's disease patients not on 6-mercaptopurine. Natural killer-cell
      suppression of lymphoblastoid B-cell antibody production was likewise decreased
      in 6-mercaptopurine-treated patients compared to normal controls. In contrast,
      the in vivo generated lymphoblastoid B-cell antibody responses of Crohn's disease
      patients on 6-mercaptopurine therapy were not decreased compared to normal, while
      Crohn's disease patients not on 6-mercaptopurine therapy had significantly
      impaired IgG antitetanus antibody responses. These findings suggest that 6
      mercaptopurine therapy in Crohn's disease affects several lymphoid
      subpopulations, resulting in a decreased natural killer-cell cytotoxic activity
      against K-562 target cells and a decreased natural killer-cell ability to
      suppress lymphoblastoid B-cell antibody production, as well as an improved
      humoral immune response following tetanus toxoid booster immunization.

PMID- 3874212
TI  - Preparation of urine samples for use in commercial latex agglutination tests for
      bacterial antigens.
AB  - The use of latex agglutination (LA) tests for bacterial antigen detection in
      urine specimens is hindered by troublesome reactions such as nonspecific
      agglutination. Therefore, procedures such as boiling or membrane filtration of
      urine specimens are often used before LA testing. We discovered that the
      composition of the membrane filter used in filtration has a marked effect on the
      performance of an LA test used for detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b
      antigen. False-positive LA reactivity was common in urine specimens from
      pediatric patients that were processed by membrane filtration through certain
      filters; furthermore, such reactivity also occurred in LA tests for antigens
      other than those of H. influenzae. A protein present in urine at low
      concentrations appeared to be responsible for these phenomena.

PMID- 3874213
TI  - Identification of Gardnerella vaginalis with the API 20 Strep system.
AB  - A total of 137 strains of Gardnerella vaginalis were examined by the API 20 Strep
      system. The system was shown to be reliable when the tests were compared with
      standard identification methods, and very little confusion occurred with
      streptococcal profiles; consequently, G. vaginalis has been included in the API
      20 Strep data base.

PMID- 3874214
TI  - Treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma with cyclosporin A.

PMID- 3874215
TI  - Neonatal lupus erythematosus, multiple thromboses, and monoarthritis in a family
      with Ro antibody.
AB  - We describe a family afflicted with striking clinical and serologic autoimmune
      features. The mother and maternal uncle of a patient with neonatal lupus had
      rheumatic disease manifestations. All three had Ro antibodies (SS-A) in their
      sera, as well as La antibody (SS-B). The 17-year-old mother developed postpartum
      inflammatory monoarthritis of the right knee and had a positive lupus band test.
      The uncle at the age of 26 developed a fulminant disease most consistent with
      systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); initial manifestations were myocardial
      infarction, deep vein thrombosis, and the nephrotic syndrome. Although it is
      known that mothers of neonatal lupus infants can develop SLE postpartum, the
      development of severe disease in the maternal uncle suggests the relevance of
      identifying seropositive relatives of individuals with neonatal lupus.

PMID- 3874216
TI  - Deoxycoformycin: a new chemotherapeutic agent of interest to dermatologists.

PMID- 3874217
TI  - Human leukocyte antigen associations in basal cell carcinoma.
AB  - Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer and is one in which
      both host and environmental factors are thought to play a role in its
      pathogenesis. For an investigation of the role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)
      associated variations in genetic susceptibility, thirty-one patients with
      multiple basal cell carcinomas were typed for HLA-A, B, C, and DR antigens.
      Patients were compared with both local and appropriate ethnic group controls. No
      statistically significant association with HLA-A, B, or C antigens was noted in
      any group. However, a significant increase in HLA-DR1 was noted in non-Irish, non
      Ashkenazi patients. A tendency toward a decrease in HLA-DR3 was also noted among
      patients of Irish or Ashkenazi Jewish descent. The role of HLA-associated genetic
      factors in this form of skin cancer needs further investigation.

PMID- 3874218
TI  - Research selection bias and the prevalence of depressive disorders in psychiatric
      facilities.

PMID- 3874219
TI  - Sexual experiences survey: reliability and validity.

PMID- 3874220
TI  - Characteristics of college students who use psychoactive drugs for nonmedical
      reasons.

PMID- 3874221
TI  - Brain glucose metabolism and memory functions: age decrease in factor scores.
AB  - The F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) scan method with positron emission tomography
      was used to determine age differences in factors underlying both the performances
      on 18 multivariate memory tests and the rates of cerebral glucose utilization in
      nine left and nine right hemispheric regions of 23 healthy adults aged 27 to 78
      years. Two of the five derived factors separated persons below age 42 from those
      above age 48 years, one reflecting secondary memory for material verbally
      processed together with Broca's metabolic ratio, the other defined by tests
      requiring sequential or organizational coding of information and metabolic
      measures of thalamic regions. Education did not override their parallel age
      decrease. Several regional metabolic measures covaried with distinct memory
      measures. Persons with high superior frontal and low caudate-thalamic metabolic
      measures were those who performed well in tests of memory for sentences, story,
      designs, and complex patterns, suggesting a frontal-subcortical interaction in
      age-dependent memory processing.

PMID- 3874222
TI  - Management of bleeding angiodysplasia of the upper small intestine.
AB  - Five patients thought to have bleeding angiodysplasia in the distal duodenum and
      proximal jejunum were treated surgically after conservative measures failed to
      control hemorrhage. Aspiration through a long oral tube preoperatively and
      intraoperative endoscopy were most helpful in locating the site of bleeding.

PMID- 3874223
TI  - Differential Ia antigen expression by autologous human erythroid and B
      lymphoblastoid cell lines.
AB  - Human erythroid precursors express Ia antigens that have serology, function,
      molecular nature, and genetic regulation that are largely unknown. To approach
      these issues, Ia+ and Ia- subclones of the HEL human erythroleukemia cell line
      (HEL-DR+ and HEL-DR-, respectively) and an autologous B lymphoblastoid line (B
      line) were isolated. These erythroid and lymphoid lines were compared with
      respect to their binding of monoclonal HLA-D subregion-specific antibodies, the
      ability to trigger in vitro alloproliferation, expression of class II molecules,
      and transcription of class II-related genes. Unlike the DP+/DQ+/DR+ B lines, HEL
      DR+ differentially expressed DP and DR, but not DQ specificities. Also unlike the
      autologous B line, HEL-DR+ appeared to be unable to trigger primary or secondary
      allogeneic T cell proliferation, despite the presence of responder monocytes in
      these cultures and irrespective of lymphokine addition. HEL-DR+ expression of
      bona fide class II molecules similar to B line DR heterodimers was verified by
      two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of material immunoprecipitated from 125I
      labeled cells. Northern blot analysis of cytoplasmic RNA from these lines
      indicated that differential class II gene transcription could readily explain the
      distinct, lineage-related Ia phenotypes of HEL-DR+ and B line. In addition, the
      lack of invariant chain and class II transcripts in HEL-DR- implied that
      expression of these unlinked genes in HEL cells is co-regulated.

PMID- 3874224
TI  - Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells produce IgA anti-influenza virus
      antibody in a secondary in vitro antibody response.
AB  - The function and immunoregulation of human IgA memory B cells producing anti
      influenza virus antibody was analyzed in vitro in antigen-stimulated cultures.
      Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from seven of eight normal adult
      volunteers naturally immunized to influenza virus produced IgA anti-influenza
      virus antibody when stimulated in vitro with inactivated A/Aichi/68 [H3N2]
      influenza virus. This IgA antibody response was approximately one-eighth the IgG
      antibody response. PBMC from each of five patients with selective IgA deficiency
      failed to produce any measurable IgA antibody. When tonsillar mononuclear cells
      (TMC) were studied in a similar manner, a relatively higher IgA antibody response
      was obtained (one-third the IgG antibody) than with PBMC. Additional studies were
      undertaken to investigate the immunoregulation of this IgA antibody production
      and the relatively lower amount produced by PBMC than by TMC. Co-cultures of
      peripheral blood B cells with irradiated peripheral blood T cells (to possibly
      inactivate a radiosensitive IgA suppressor cell) did not result in a relative
      increase in IgA antibody production. Also, co-cultures of B cells with increasing
      numbers of T cells produced parallel increases of IgG and IgA antibody when
      plotted on a log scale with slopes of approximately 1, suggesting that a single
      helper T cell was limiting for both isotypes. Finally, pokeweed mitogen
      stimulated co-cultures of peripheral blood and tonsillar B and T cells revealed
      that the B cell population, but not the T cell population, determined the amount
      of IgA anti-influenza virus antibody produced. Precursor frequency analyses of
      tonsillar and peripheral blood B cells in antigen-stimulated cultures confirmed
      that tonsils contained a higher precursor frequency of B cells for IgA anti
      influenza virus antibody production (3.95/10(6) B cells) than did peripheral
      blood B cells (0.65/10(6) B cells). Thus, IgA memory cells are preferentially
      found in tonsillar tissue as compared with the peripheral blood, consistent with
      the role of the tonsils as a mucosal immune organ.

PMID- 3874225
TI  - Autoregulation of B cell growth by an immunoglobulin M autoantibody.
AB  - This study documents the autoregulation of B cell growth by an IgM autoantibody.
      This autoantibody is secreted by B lymphocytes upon stimulation by polyclonal
      activators and is identified by its potent inhibition of B cell growth induced by
      these agents (endotoxin, Fc fragment of human gamma-globulin, Mycoplasma
      bovirhinis, and anti-mouse Ig). The autoantibody specifically affects B cells:
      there was no effect on mitogen- or antigen-induced T cell proliferation and of
      responses to interleukin 1, interleukin 2, or interferon. Nonspecific effects
      were excluded by the ineffectiveness of serum and myeloma IgM. Also, IgG-IgM
      immune complexes were excluded. The binding specificity of the IgM autoantibody
      is not yet defined but appears to be a B cell surface structure distinct from
      membrane Ig. The autoantibody constitutes a ubiquitous, autoregulatory influence
      on B cell growth, which may be an important component in physiologic and
      pathologic states of B cell homeostasis.

PMID- 3874226
TI  - Murine monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibodies bind to endogenous bacteria.
AB  - Several bacterial species (including Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus,
      Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli) were tested for their ability to
      react with monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies that were derived from MRL-lpr/lpr
      mice. S. faecalis reacted with 8/15 of such antibodies. The binding was
      unaffected by DNase, but it was competitively inhibited by DNA. F(ab')2 fragments
      of the monoclonal antibodies reacted with the bacteria, but Fc fragments did not.
      Phospholipids extracted from the bacterial cells were able to bind to three
      representative anti-DNA antibodies that also bound to whole bacteria. The results
      suggest that bacterial phospholipids might provide an immunogenic stimulus for
      the production of antibodies that cross-react with DNA. We propose that some anti
      DNA auto-antibodies and anti-bacterial antibodies evolve from a restricted group
      of antibodies with high avidity for the phosphodiester groups that occur in DNA
      and bacterial cells walls.

PMID- 3874227
TI  - Suppression of murine lupus autoantibodies to DNA by administration of muramyl
      dipeptide and syngeneic anti-DNA IgG.
AB  - We evaluated the effect of repeated subcutaneous administration of syngeneic anti
      DNA IgG and muramyl dipeptide, a synthetic immunoadjuvant, to 6-mo-old (NZB X
      NZW)F1 female mice. This treatment had profound effects on both idiotype
      expression and anti-DNA antibody levels of morbid mice. It was also associated
      with appearance of anti-idiotypic antibodies specific for the injected antibody.
      These findings suggest that this approach with the use of synthetic
      immunomodulators and syngeneic antibodies may be of potential use in the
      management of autoimmune diseases.

PMID- 3874228
TI  - In vitro production of anti-histone antibodies by spleen cells from young
      autoantibody negative NZB/NZW mice.
AB  - Anti-histone antibodies (AHA) are spontaneously produced in NZB/NZW mice as part
      of their autoimmune disease. IgM AHA are usually not detected until after 4 mo of
      age, and older female mice switch to the production of IgG AHA. We studied the in
      vitro production of AHA by spleen cells from young (less than or equal to 12-wk
      old) NZB/NZW mice. Despite the absence of elevated serum AHA activity, spleen
      cells from these mice demonstrated marked spontaneous autoantibody production in
      culture. In kinetic studies, little in vitro production was detectable after 1
      day of culture, and maximal accumulation occurred on day 5. Elevated AHA
      production was apparent by cells from 2-wk-old NZB/NZW mice, and an age-dependent
      increase in autoantibody production was also noted. Only AHA of the IgM class
      were detected in cultures of young spleen cells. The in vitro production of IgM
      AHA in culture was T cell dependent, depletion of T cells resulting in a 70 to
      90% reduction in production, which was corrected by the readdition of T cells. In
      cultures where both IgM AHA and total IgM secretion were measured, a much greater
      T cell dependence for AHA production was apparent. The requirement for T cells
      could also be partially replaced by factors present in concanavalin A
      supernatant. AHA secretion was induced by lipopolysaccharide by using cells from
      both NZB/NZW and non-autoimmune mice. Although production was greater with
      NZB/NZW cells, the difference was much less than that for spontaneous production.
      Thus, AHA-secreting cells that are dependent on in vitro T cell help are present
      in young NZB/NZW mice. These studies may help define the mechanisms responsible
      for selective autoantibody secretion in lupus-like disease.

PMID- 3874229
TI  - Activation of mouse lymphocytes inhibits induction of rapid cell death by x
      irradiation.
AB  - A distinctive property of the resting lymphocyte is its ability to die rapidly in
      interphase after x-irradiation. Suspensions of thymocytes and peripheral
      lymphocytes from BALB/c mice were irradiated with doses ranging from 10 to 10,000
      rad (0.1 to 100 Grays), and their viability was measured by eosin dye exclusion
      at intervals through 3 days of culture. After an initial latent period of a few
      hours, viability declined exponentially in a dose-dependent fashion. Doses as low
      as 20 rad caused some lymphocytes to die rapidly. After 1000 rad, 90% of the
      cells became nonviable in 15 to 20 hr and 99% in 25 to 35 hr. Peripheral
      lymphocytes showed a somewhat earlier loss of viability than did thymocytes, and
      were killed especially rapidly by 10,000 rad. Enriched T cells and B cells were
      killed by irradiation at equal rates, and medullary thymocytes were killed at the
      same rate as the whole thymocyte population. In contrast with resting cells, T
      and B lymphocytes activated by mitogens were not subject to such rapid induction
      of cell death. Irradiation with 1000 rad reduced the viability of activated cells
      by only 50% at a time when less than 1% of nonstimulated lymphocytes remained
      alive. Similarly, cloned lines of antigen-specific helper and cytotoxic T cells
      showed only a delayed and slow loss of viability after receiving 1000 rad. The
      state of activation can therefore be a significant determinant of the immunologic
      consequences of irradiation.

PMID- 3874230
TI  - The wasted mutant mouse. I. An animal model of secretory IgA deficiency with
      normal serum IgA.
AB  - The wasted (wst) mutation was recently described as a spontaneous, recessive
      mutation leading to pathologic changes affecting both the neurologic and the
      immune systems of wst/wst homozygotes, which presented symptoms analogous to
      those observed in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia (A.T.). We studied the IgA
      system of wst/wst mutants and their normal littermates to determine whether IgA
      deficiency commonly found in A.T. patients was also affecting these mutants.
      Interestingly, although IgA plasma cells were totally absent from their entire
      (small and large) intestine, their serum contained a normal level of IgA with a
      normal ratio of monomeric vs polymeric IgA. The absence of gut IgA plasma cells
      was not due to malnutrition and was not compensated by the appearance of cells
      secreting any other isotypes. Studies at the precursor cell level showed the
      absence of IgA-specific B cell precursors in the Peyer's patches, whereas sIgA B
      cells and IgA plasma cells were found in normal numbers in the spleen of wasted
      mice. These data suggest that secretory and serum IgA may comprise distinct
      systems and that the wasted mutant mouse is a potential model for the study of
      the physiology and regulation of IgA production.

PMID- 3874231
TI  - Production of interleukin 1 activity by normal human peripheral blood B
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Interleukin 1 (IL 1) production by normal human B lymphocytes was investigated.
      Normal human peripheral blood B lymphocytes were purified by sequential
      separation with the use of Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation, sheep red
      blood cell rosette formation, Percoll gradients, and treatment with monoclonal
      antibodies (anti-Leu-M1, B73.1, and T101) and complement. Both purified large B
      lymphocytes (BL) and small B lymphocytes (BS) produced IL 1-like (thymocyte co
      mitogenic and fibroblast mitogenic) activities in response to lipopolysaccharide.
      Maximal production of IL 1 activity by both BL and BS occurred at 48 hr. The m.w.
      of IL 1 activities from both BL and BS were about 20,000 with high pressure
      liquid chromatography, and the major isoelectric point of BL- and BS-derived IL 1
      activity was 7.0. A rabbit anti-human monocyte IL 1 antiserum inhibited the
      activity of B cell-derived IL 1, suggesting antigenic similarities of monocyte-
      and B lymphocyte-derived IL 1 moieties. These data suggest that normal B
      lymphocyte-derived IL 1 activity is biochemically and immunologically similar to
      monocyte-derived IL 1.

PMID- 3874232
TI  - Physicochemical and functional properties of murine B cell-derived B cell growth
      factor II (WEHI-231-BCGF-II).
AB  - A murine B lymphoma cell line, WEHI-231, constitutively secreted a kind of B cell
      stimulatory factor (BSF) that induced proliferation and IgM secretion in splenic
      B cells as well as BCL1 cells. Growth- and differentiation-promoting activities
      were not separated by various kinds of chromatographies on the basis of the m.w.,
      isoelectric point, or hydrophobicity, and the degree of both activities in crude
      supernatants, DEAE-Toyopearl, TSK-3,000SWG, Mono P, and Phenyl-5PW fractions
      increased in a dose-dependent manner with complete correlation. The partially
      purified factor (WEHI-231-BGDF) did not show any other activities, such as IL 1,
      IL 2, interferon, or colony stimulating factor. WEHI-231-BGDF induced
      proliferation and IgM secretion in activated B cells with low density, but not in
      small resting B cells. WEHI-231-BGDF showed synergistic effect with dextran
      sulfate but not with anti-Ig in the induction of proliferation or IgM secretion
      in small resting B cells. WEHI-231-BGDF did not show any effect on Xid B cells.
      The relationship with several T cell-derived BSF and the significance of B cell
      derived BSF in the B cell responses are discussed.

PMID- 3874233
TI  - Signal requirements for growth and differentiation of activated murine B
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Mouse B lymphocytes were stimulated at high cell concentrations with goat anti
      IgM antibodies, which leads to the induction of B cell proliferation without the
      addition of any growth factors. After 48 hr, blast cells were purified and
      cultured at low cell concentrations. Proliferation and differentiation of
      purified B lymphocyte blasts is then dependent on the addition of either mitogens
      (e.g., LPS) or certain lymphokines derived from activated T cells or macrophages.
      One such lymphokine was isolated from supernatants of various activated T cells
      and characterized by gel filtration as a material with an apparent m.w. of 40,000
      to 50,000, similar to BCGF II. It supports the proliferation of the B cell blasts
      and induces their differentiation into plaque-forming cells. Lymphokines such as
      BCGF I, interleukin 2, and BCDF gamma could neither maintain growth nor induce
      differentiation of B lymphocytes preactivated by goat anti-IgM.

PMID- 3874234
TI  - Cross-reactive idiotype family observed in the phthalate-specific B cell
      repertoire of adult BALB/c mice: diversity of IgM compared with IgG monoclonal
      anti-phthalate antibodies.
AB  - A highly conserved clonotype has been identified within the repertoire of B cells
      specific for the negatively charged hapten phthalate. The prototype of this
      phthalate-specific clonotype is a primary-response hybridoma (2E9) that produces
      a mu,kappa anti-phthalate antibody. The 2E9 monoclonal antibody was found to
      share idiotypic determinants with several other independently-derived mu,kappa
      and gamma 1,kappa anti-phthalate monoclonal antibodies and with a significant
      proportion of conventional anti-phthalate antibodies derived from all of the
      BALB/c mice immunized with phthalate-keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Competitive RIA
      analysis of the 2E9 idiotypic relatedness between primary and secondary response
      antibodies was consistent with the hypothesis that the primary response mu,kappa
      antibodies represent a conserved germ-line product, whereas the secondary
      response to gamma 1,kappa antibodies reflect somatic variants of the 2E9
      clonotype. Further analysis with a site-specific anti-idiotype reagent suggests
      that the idiotypic differences between mu,kappa and gamma 1,kappa monoclonal
      antibodies occur at positions outside of the combining site. Fine specificity
      analysis of the monoclonal antibodies expressing the 2E9 cross-reactive idiotype
      (CRI) also supports this hypothesis. Seven to 35% of the anti-phthalate
      antibodies after a single immunization with phthalate-KLH and 1 to 10% of the
      antibodies after a second immunization express the 2E9 CRI. The 2E9 CRI was also
      found in several other strains of mice, and its expression was associated
      exclusively with anti-phthalate antibodies.

PMID- 3874235
TI  - Nonrandom catabolism of proteins in the formation of antigenic peptide fragments.
AB  - To examine the role of protein catabolism in the formation of antigenic peptide
      fragments, human fibrinopeptide-immune guinea pig T cells were stimulated with
      the large native molecule, human fibrinogen. Two different systems were tested.
      In the first, we determined responses by human fibrinopeptide B (hFPB)-immune T
      cells, to which strain (St.) 2 guinea pigs are responders and St. 13 are
      nonresponders, and by human fibrinopeptide A (hFPA)-immune T cells to which St.
      13 are responders and St. 2 are nonresponders. Of interest in this comparison is
      that both hFPA and hFPB are amino terminal peptides on the A and B chain of
      fibrinogen, respectively, and are readily cleaved by thrombin during fibrin
      formation and by other trypsin-like enzymes, leaving a carboxyl terminal Arg.
      Thus, if fibrinogen catabolism occurred, both antigenic peptides should be
      equally represented for availability in T cell responses. It was found that hFPB
      immune St. 2 T cells responded to fibrinogen, but no response was observed with
      hPFA-immune St. 13 T cells cultured with fibrinogen. To rule out that there was a
      general catabolic defect in St. 13 antigen-presenting cells, fibrinogen was
      presented by (2 X 13)F1 macrophages to fibrinopeptide-immune parental T cells.
      Again it was found that F1 macrophages could present fibrinogen to hFPB-immune T
      cells but failed to present hFPA. In another comparison, responses with
      fibrinogen were also determined with des-ARg-hFPB, which lacks the carboxyl
      terminal Arg of hFPB, to which St. 13 are responders and St. 2 are nonresponders.
      The advantage of this comparison is that both antigenic determinants are
      contained within the same small peptide. St. 13 des-Arg-hFPB-immune T cells
      failed to respond in vitro by culture with human fibrinogen, suggesting that
      these antigenic determinants are not produced from larger peptides or proteins
      containing those determinants. To rule out the possibility that this was only an
      in vitro phenomenon, guinea pigs were immunized with the larger protein, the B
      chain of fibrinogen, and the immune T cells were examined for responses to
      fibrinopeptides derived from the B chain. Immune St. 2 T cells responded to hFPB
      but not to des-Arg-hFPB, whereas St. 13 T cells remained unresponsive with both
      peptides. These results indicate that proteolysis of larger proteins to form
      small antigenic peptides is not a random event and that not all potential
      antigenic determinants contained in a protein are produced during antigen
      processing.

PMID- 3874236
TI  - Amplification of immune T lymphocyte function in situ: the identification of
      active components of the immunologic network during tumor rejection.
AB  - Previous data had indicated that sarcoma-bearing mice receiving combination
      therapy consisting of a single i.p. injection of cytoxan (CY) and an i.v.
      injection of tumor-sensitized T cells (immune cells) rejected the neoplasm. The
      reaction was immunologically specific and dependent on donor T cells. This report
      is concerned with the hypothesis that the transfer of immune cells results in the
      amplification of T cell responses at the tumor site. Using C57BL/6J mice bearing
      the syngeneic rhabdomyosarcoma MCA/76-9, we show that 6 to 9 days after
      combination therapy those components usually associated with the immunologic
      network were present at the tumor site. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and
      lymphocytes (TAL) were shown to produce IL 1 and IL 2, respectively. The TAM
      expressed Ir gene products (Ia) and were able to present the synthetic polymer
      GAT to specifically sensitized lymphocytes. In addition, it was demonstrated by
      in situ labeling with 3H-TdR that lymphocytes associated with the regressing
      tumors were proliferating. The peak incorporation occurred 7 days after therapy,
      24 hr before a significant increase in the T cell content of the tumors. The data
      indicate that those facets of the immunologic network necessary for amplification
      were present at the site of rejection.

PMID- 3874237
TI  - Human immune response to multiple injections of murine monoclonal IgG.
AB  - Murine monoclonal antibody infusions in humans should induce a human anti-mouse
      immunoglobulin (mIgG) immune response, especially if multiple infusions over an
      extended period of time are necessary for therapeutic efficacy. We have
      administered multiple infusions of the murine monoclonal antibody T101 to
      patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) or chronic lymphocytic leukemia
      (CLL). Five of 10 CTCL patients, compared with zero of six CLL patients,
      developed antibodies to mIgG. In those CTCL patients who did not demonstrate anti
      mIgG antibodies, we were unable to correlate the lack of response to any of a
      large number of clinical parameters. Anti-mIgG antibodies were of both the mu and
      gamma isotypes and were detectable 14 days after the first infusion. Multiple
      infusions were associated with elevated titers. The anti-idiotypic portion of the
      anti-mIgG titer steadily increased with each infusion until eventually, in one
      patient receiving eight weekly infusions, well over one-half the serum anti-mIgG
      recognized only T101 and not four other murine IgG2AK antibodies tested. To
      increase our confidence in these findings, four separate assay systems were used
      to make these determinations. The identification of anti-idiotype antibodies as
      the dominant species of the immune response to multiple infusions of murine
      monoclonal antibody has major implications for future work with monoclonal
      antibodies. Although it has been suggested that human monoclonal antibodies would
      obviate an immune response, our work implies that such antibodies might still
      induce anti-idiotype antibodies if multiple infusions are administered.

PMID- 3874238
TI  - B cell immune repertoire diversifies in a predictable temporal order in vitro.
AB  - The appearance of functional, antigen-specific B cells was studied in an in vitro
      fetal organ culture system in the absence of environmental influences associated
      with circulation and cell migration. In this way the B cell diversification
      process could be analyzed when genetic influences were dominating. By using this
      system in combination with the splenic focus assay, the frequency of developing B
      cells responsive to a number of hapten probes was measured. The results indicate
      that B cell diversification in vitro, in the apparent absence of many
      environmental influences, results in the appearance of antigen-responsive B cells
      in a predictable, temporal order. The results suggest that the acquisition of the
      expressed repertoire to a large extent is genetically controlled.

PMID- 3874239
TI  - Stress and immunomodulation: the role of depression and neuroendocrine function.
AB  - Considerable evidence demonstrating a relationship between stress and immune
      function is accumulating, and a complex chain of biologic and psychologic
      processes are involved. An extensive network of central nervous system and
      endocrine system processes may be involved in the modulation of the immune system
      in response to stressors.

PMID- 3874240
TI  - A potential radioimmunoassay system for detection of Hanganutziu-Deicher type
      heterophile antigen(s) and antibodies in tissues and fluids.
AB  - A relatively simple, specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay system has been
      developed for the detection of heterophile Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D) antigen(s)
      and antibodies. The 125I-labeled H-D antigen-active molecule used for the assay
      is a bovine erythrocyte major glycoprotein previously found to have a strong H-D
      antigen potency. The antigen-antibody complex was precipitated with normal human
      serum as the carrier protein, followed by the addition of rabbit anti-human IgG
      F(ab')2 serum. With this method, different H-D antigen-active molecules were
      compared for heterophile H-D antigen potency with reasonable sensitivity
      detecting about 0.3 ng of cold glycoprotein. 8 different lung cancer tissues were
      assayed for H-D antigen. The sera from the 8 lung cancer patients were also
      screened by ELISA and RIA in an attempt to correlate expression of H-D antigen on
      tissues with elevation of H-D antibodies. The results showed that all patients'
      tissues expressed the antigen(s) but only 3 of them had abnormal levels of H-D
      antibodies. This could have been due to excess antigens in circulation or immune
      complexes.

PMID- 3874242
TI  - Effect of sinomenine on antibody responses in mice.
AB  - Sinomenine, an epimorphinan alkaloid, was tested for the immunosuppressive effect
      in mice. This compound produced a decrease of plaque-forming cells (PFC) to a T
      cell-dependent antigen, sheep red blood cells, in vivo. The depression of the PFC
      response induced with sinomenine was dose and time dependent. On the other hand,
      it failed to suppress the PFC response to a T cell-independent antigen,
      lipopolysaccharide. The immunosuppressive dose of sinomenine did not alter the
      cellularity of spleen, thymus, bone marrow and peripheral blood leucocytes, the
      DNA synthesis activity of bone marrow cells nor the proliferative responses of
      spleen cells induced by T cell and B cell mitogens in unprimed mice. These data
      suggest a selective effect of sinomenine on lymphoid cells. This compound has a
      potential for use in studies of immuno-deficiencies or clarifying some aspect of
      immunity.

PMID- 3874241
TI  - Modulation of myelopoiesis by CSF or CSF-inducing biological response modifiers.
AB  - We have compared the effects on number and function of bone marrow progenitors
      and peripheral effector cells of the myelomonocytic lineage of treatment with the
      2-cyanaziridine compounds Azimexone and BM 41.332 to those of maleic anhydride
      divinyl ether copolymer (MVE-2) or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulation
      factor (GM-CSF). Within a few hours after i.p. injection of either Azimexone or
      BM 41.332, there was a dose-dependent increase in serum CSF levels, CSF secretion
      by mononuclear bone marrow cells (BMC) and macrophages (M phi), which was
      followed by an increase in granulocyte-M phi committed stem cells (GM-CFU-C),
      nucleated BMC, and peripheral blood leukocytes. Optimal effects occurred 3 days
      after 50 mg/kg Azimexone or 25 mg/kg BM 41.332. Three i.p. injections of 50 mg/kg
      Azimexone into mice pretreated with cyclophosphamide (CY) (150 mg/kg) were able
      to significantly restore suppressed bone marrow cellularity (GM-CFU-C and
      nucleated BMC). Azimexone also increased the number of peripheral M phi in normal
      or CY-treated mice, without inducing detectable tumoricidal activity. These M
      phi, however, retained their capacity to become fully activated (cytotoxic) by
      appropriate activation signals such as IFN or LPS. Analogous to the 2
      cyanaziridines. MVE-2 (at 25 mg/kg) had similar stimulatory effects on myeloid
      functions in normal mice. MVE-2 induced, in addition, a significant augmentation
      of cytoxicity by both M phi and NK cells. In contrast, single or multiple
      injections of semipurified GM-CSF into normal mice (1000 U or 5000 U per mouse)
      failed to detectably stimulate myelopoietic growth and differentiation. 2
      cyanaziridine compounds thus offer the potential of selectively augmenting growth
      and differentiation of myelomonocytic cells in normal and bone marrow-depressed
      mice without appreciably affecting their immunological status.

PMID- 3874243
TI  - Immunomodulatory activity of Wy-18,251 (3-(p-chlorophenyl)thiazolo[3,2
      a]benzimidazole-2-acetic acid).
AB  - The in vitro and in vivo effects of the experimental immunomodulatory agent Wy
      18,251 (3-(p-chlorophenyl)thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazole-2-acetic acid) were
      studied in comparison with levamisole and indomethacin. Levamisole (4 mg/kg,
      i.v.) but not Wy-18,251 (less than or equal to 10 mg/kg, i.v.) enhanced carbon
      clearance rates in vivo in mice. Both Wy-18,251 and levamisole (100 mg/kg, p.o.)
      significantly suppressed the symptoms of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
      (EAE) in rats injected with spinal cord emulsion, but neither were as effective
      as tilorone in this model. Wy-18,251 and levamisole (1-100 mg/kg, p.o.)
      suppressed the in vivo generation of plaque-forming cells (PFC) in mice immunized
      with sheep red blood cells while indomethacin (9 mg/kg, p.o.) enhanced PFC
      formation. All 3 agents (10(-5) - 10(-6) M) enhanced the in vitro ovalbumin (OA)
      specific and Con A- or PHA-induced proliferative response and Con A-stimulated
      interleukin 2 (IL-2) synthesis of rat spleen cells. Furthermore, in vivo
      treatment of rats with 1-10 mg/kg (p.o.) of Wy-18,251 and levamisole but not
      indomethacin increased the subsequent in vitro mitogen or antigen (OA)
      responsiveness of spleen cells. None of the drugs (10(-5) - 10(-7) M) influenced
      the natural killer cell (NK) activity of rat spleen cells when incorporated
      directly into the 51Cr release NK assay.

PMID- 3874244
TI  - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and skin disease.
AB  - Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a recently described mechanism
      of immunologic lysis in which cellular targets sensitized by specific antibodies
      are efficiently and selectively lysed by Fc receptor (FcR) bearing nonspecific
      effectors. Immunoglobulins of various classes (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE) and various
      cellular effectors (large granular lymphocytes, monocyte/macrophages, T
      lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils) can induce ADCC in vitro, and the
      importance of ADCC in vivo is being tested experimentally in resistance to viral,
      bacterial, and parasitic infection, in tumor surveillance, in allograft
      rejection, and in inflammatory diseases. There is much indirect evidence that
      ADCC may be the mechanism of damage of different cellular targets in skin
      diseases, but the best direct evidence concerns immunologic keratinocyte damage,
      especially in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE). We have shown that
      keratinocytes of several species are highly susceptible to lymphocyte and
      monocyte-mediated ADCC, but not to neutrophil or eosinophil ADCC in vitro using
      two different cytotoxicity assays. In contrast, complement was a relatively
      ineffective mediator of lysis of metabolically intact keratinocyte targets.
      Patients with certain cutaneous lupus syndromes have serum antibodies capable of
      inducing monocyte and lymphocyte ADCC of targets coated with extractable nuclear
      antigens. We have shown that these antigens apparently move to the cell membrane
      of keratinocytes in vitro following ultraviolet irradiation. In an animal model,
      we have shown that antibodies to SSA/Ro bind to human keratinocytes in vivo,
      especially after ultraviolet irradiation. This antigen/antibody system is highly
      associated with 3 different photosensitive LE syndromes. The experimental linkage
      of UV radiation to autoantibody binding to keratinocytes and the demonstration of
      mononuclear cell-mediated ADCC causing keratinocyte lysis support our hypothesis
      that the keratinocyte damage and mononuclear cell infiltrate seen histologically
      in cutaneous LE are part of an ADCC process.

PMID- 3874245
TI  - Biologic properties of epidermal cell thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF).
AB  - Recent studies have shown that in addition to Langerhans cells, keratinocytes can
      play an active role in immunologic events. As detected by the thymocyte co
      stimulator assay, keratinocytes produce a factor with interleukin-1 (IL
      1)/leukocytic pyrogen (LP)-like activity termed epidermal cell-derived thymocyte
      activating factor (ETAF). ETAF like IL-1/LP can mediate fever. By gel filtration
      and isoelectric focusing the fever-inducing activity and the ETAF activity in the
      thymocyte assay co-purify. ETAF activity could be eliminated using a heterologous
      antibody against IL-1/LP. This antibody could also be used to immunoprecipitate
      ETAF. ETAF and IL-1/LP induce a peripheral neutrophilia and in vitro are
      chemotactic for neutrophils. Recently, ETAF has been shown to be a potent T-cell
      chemoattractant. ETAF-containing preparations have also been shown to stimulate
      hepatocytes in vitro to synthesize acute phase plasma proteins. In the case of
      rat hepatocytes, this can be explained by elevated levels of mRNA, although
      recent purifications have suggested that this hepatocyte-stimulating factor may
      be separable from the co-stimulator activity. ETAF has also been shown to induce
      muscle proteolysis in vitro. In addition to its effect on inflammatory and immune
      events, ETAF has growth promoting effects on keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Thus,
      ETAF has a multiplicity of divergent biologic effects. It remains to be
      determined whether the multiplicity of these effects are subserved by a single
      cytokine or by a family of related cytokines. In either case, ETAF may play an
      important role in both local cutaneous and systemic inflammatory and immune
      events.

PMID- 3874246
TI  - The ontogeny and organization of the lymphoid system.
AB  - The organization of the lymphoid system reflects 2 phases in the development and
      function of its component lymphocytes; a primary continuous genesis of 2 lineages
      of lymphocytes, B and T cells, is followed by a secondary wave of cell production
      and differentiation dependent on antigenic stimulation. Primary B cell genesis
      occurs multifocally before birth and in the bone marrow thereafter. Early
      progenitor cells give rise to proliferating pre-B cells containing free
      cytoplasmic mu chains, and thus to small lymphocytes expressing surface
      immunoglobulins, IgM, and IgD. Somatic rearrangement of genes in precursor cells
      produces clones of B cells, each member having an identical antigen-binding
      specificity. Primary T cell genesis occurs in the thymus, where an epithelial
      cell environment induces stem cells entering from embryonic mesoderm and
      postnatal bone marrow to proliferate extensively and to differentiate in discrete
      anatomical locations into 2 main sublineages, distinguishable by surface membrane
      markers. Primary B and T cells migrate rapidly to the spleen, lymph nodes, and
      mucosal lymphoid tissues where they may either die or be activated by antigens
      presented on macrophages and dendritic cells. Proliferation of activated B cells
      produces expanded clones of antigen-specific B memory cells in transient germinal
      centers. The secondary wave of B and T cells enters a pool of long-lived
      lymphocytes, which recirculate repeatedly between the blood and lymphoid organs,
      showing characteristic kinetics, migratory routes, and tissue localization. The
      entry of antigens accelerates local lymphocyte traffic and the retention of
      antigen-specific cells to promote an effective immune response. Despite important
      advances, many challenges remain in understanding the early differentiation,
      microenvironmental organization, and regulation of lymphoid cell populations in
      vivo.

PMID- 3874247
TI  - An analysis of monoclonal T cell and antibody recognition sites on Ia molecules.
AB  - The advances made in understanding T cell and antibody recognition sites on Ia
      using monoclonal helper and alloreactive T cells are summarized. For many
      antibodies it has been possible to determine whether the antibody recognition
      site was determined by the alpha or beta chain. Such defined antibody reagents
      have allowed the definition of multiple functional antigen presenting sites on a
      given Ia molecule. Mutant antigen-presenting cells independently suggest the
      existence of such multiple functional sites. A detailed analysis of the I-Ab
      mutant bm 12 directly defines the chemical nature of one such site and suggests
      that it arose as a result of gene conversion. Such regions of Ia molecules may be
      important for both T-cell function and antibody-binding.

PMID- 3874248
TI  - The study and manipulation of experimental autoimmune disease using T lymphocyte
      lines.
AB  - Autoimmune diseases include entities of varied clinical expression such as
      juvenile onset diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and
      thyroiditis. Nevertheless, these autoimmune diseases have a common origin; they
      are caused by clones of lymphocytes that specially attack the individual's own
      body components. To study autoimmune processes, we have isolated and grown as
      long-term cell lines the T lymphocytes that mediate several different
      experimental autoimmune diseases in rats or mice. These cell lines have increased
      our understanding of pathogenesis, but perhaps more importantly, it appears that
      suitably attenuated lines can be used to immunize the individual animal against
      its own autoimmune cells. Thus, autoimmune cells can be used as vaccines to
      prevent or treat the autoimmune process.

PMID- 3874249
TI  - The role of Langerhans cells in antigen presentation.
AB  - Epidermal Langerhans cells are dendritic bone marrow-derived cells which
      synthesize and express Ia antigens. During the past decade, in vitro studies have
      demonstrated that they play a critical role in the induction of many types of T
      cell responses. Specifically, Langerhans cells are effective antigen-presenting
      cells in allogeneic and antigen specific proliferative and cytotoxic T-cell
      responses. This paper reviews these functions and suggests areas of future
      investigations into the mechanisms involved in T-cell activation by Langerhans
      cells.

PMID- 3874250
TI  - Incidence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in San Francisco, 1980-1983.
AB  - Incidence data for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are presented on
      the basis of a surveillance file maintained by the San Francisco Bureau of
      Communicable Disease Control. The incidence of AIDS among residents of San
      Francisco rose steadily from the first case diagnosed in the last quarter of 1980
      through the last quarter of 1983. New cases were diagnosed at a rate of 25 per
      month in the last quarter of 1983. Reported incidence declined in mid-1983, but
      the decline was probably a case-finding artifact. Smoothed incidence rates show a
      steady progressive rise, which is approximated equally well by quadratic or
      exponential curves. Among the patients diagnosed in San Francisco, 99% were
      homosexual or bisexual men. The cumulative incidence rate among homosexual or
      bisexual men was estimated to be 770 per 100,000 in the last quarter of 1983. The
      incidence rate of AIDS increased with age, and the increase was greater than that
      found with other sexually transmitted diseases. The difference in the age
      distributions between cases of AIDS and syphilis suggests either that
      susceptibility to AIDS increases with age or that the average latency associated
      with AIDS is longer than previously thought.

PMID- 3874251
TI  - Human mononuclear cells exposed to staphylococci rapidly produce an inhibitor of
      neutrophil chemotaxis.
AB  - Serum-free cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal
      volunteers produce an inhibitor of neutrophil chemotaxis when exposed to heat
      killed staphylococci. Human neutrophils were exposed to 100-fold dilutions of
      supernatants from 6-hr cultures, washed repeatedly, and assayed for chemotactic
      responsiveness with a radiolabel assay. Dilutions of supernatants from cell
      cultures exposed to staphylococci resulted in a mean chemotaxis of 856 +/- 83 cpm
      (n = 21), while that for medium-treated neutrophils was 1,354 +/- 100 cpm (n =
      21, P less than .001), and supernatants from cultures without staphylococci
      produced chemotaxis of 1,107 +/- 132 cpm (n = 14, P greater than .05 vs. medium
      treated). Fifty-three experiments on tissue from 26 donors showed that after 6 hr
      the mean inhibition (+/- SE) of chemotaxis at 1:100 dilution was 26.4% +/- 3.3%
      (P less than .001 vs. medium-treated). It was found that the peptidoglycan
      fraction of the staphylococci was sufficient to induce production of inhibitor by
      the cooperative action of T cells and monocytes. The inhibitor is a protein with
      a molecular mass of 30-45 kilodaltons. It is not toxic to the neutrophils and
      does not affect secretion, adhesion, phagocytosis, or the ability to kill
      Staphylococcus aureus. This potent inhibitor of neutrophil chemotaxis may play a
      role in the modulation of neutrophil function during bacterial infections.

PMID- 3874252
TI  - Phagocytosis and killing of common bacterial pathogens of the lung by human
      alveolar macrophages.
AB  - To investigate factors that determine susceptibility of the lungs to infection
      with common respiratory pathogens, we studied phagocytosis and killing of
      nontypable Haemophilus influenzae, H. influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae
      types III, VI, and XIV, an unencapsulated variant of S. pneumoniae type III, and
      Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I, by using human alveolar macrophages obtained by
      bronchoalveolar lavage of healthy nonsmokers. After opsonization with 10% pooled
      human serum, mean uptake (+/- standard deviation) of nontypable H. influenzae
      (67.5% +/- 15.0%), unencapsulated S. pneumoniae type III (71.2% +/- 4.8%) and S.
      aureus (79.1% +/- 10.2%) was significantly greater (P less than .01) than that of
      H. influenzae type b (40.1% +/- 15.0%), and S. pneumoniae types III (4.4% +/-
      3.1%), VI (11.8% +/- 9.6%), or XIV (8.7% +/- 7.0%). Nontypable H. influenzae was
      ingested after opsonization with much less pooled human serum than was H.
      influenzae type b, and uptake of encapsulated S. pneumoniae was not enhanced by
      as much as 80% pooled human serum. Intracellular killing of unencapsulated S.
      pneumoniae type III and nontypable H. influenzae was rapid and complete and
      corresponded to the degree of phagocytosis, but despite a high uptake, S. aureus
      were killed slowly and incompletely. The virulence of S. pneumoniae and H.
      influenzae as lung pathogens is thus determined jointly by encapsulation and the
      inadequate opsonizing effect of normal human serum, whereas that of S. aureus may
      be related to the organism's relative resistance to intracellular killing by
      alveolar macrophages.

PMID- 3874253
TI  - Normal human marrow stromal cells induce clonal growth of human malignant T
      lymphoblasts.
AB  - The effect of marrow stromal cells (MSC) on the clonal growth of a human
      malignant T-lymphoblast (MTL) cell line was investigated in a bilayer culture
      system. The MSC consistently stimulated clonal growth of MTL, and no stimulatory
      humoral factor was present in the medium conditioned by the MSC. These
      observations and other reports suggest that marrow stromal cells may provide a
      microenvironment in vivo that is not only conducive to the growth of malignant
      lymphoblasts, but may actually enhance proliferation of malignant T-lymphoblasts
      in the bone marrow.

PMID- 3874254
TI  - [Dental arch development during the primary dentition in children from the
      Chonnam province in Korea].

PMID- 3874255
TI  - Recurrent cellulitis: a late complication of coronary artery bypass surgery.

PMID- 3874256
TI  - Origin and specificity of autoreactive T cells in antigen-induced populations.
AB  - We have characterized the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) specificity of
      autoreactive T cell clones arising from diverse donors after immunization with
      different antigens. The MHC fine specificity of autoreactive T cells for unique
      F1 hybrid determinants of BALB.K X BALB.B F1, and for the mutant I-Ab
      determinants of the B6.C-H-2bm12 (bm 12) strain is similar to that previously
      described for antigen-specific T cells. We find, furthermore, that the MHC
      specificity of autoreactive T cell clones selected from primed populations grown
      in the absence of Con A-stimulated supernatant factors reflects the predominant
      MHC restriction specificity of T cells specific for the immunogen. Thus, I-E
      subregion-specific autoreactive T cells are detected at a much higher frequency
      after immunization with the I-E-restricted antigen, GL (terpolymer of glutamic
      acid, lysine, and phenylalanine), than with the predominantly I-A-restricted
      antigen, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). These experiments strongly suggest that
      some autoreactive T cells are derived from antigen-stimulated precursors. This
      result contrasts with that obtained when autoreactive T cells are selected in
      bulk cultures, or in the presence of exogenous T cell factors. We conclude that,
      under optimal conditions, most autoreactive T cells are recruited from a
      relatively stable pool of predominantly I-A-specific precursors. Autoreactive
      precursors in this pool might themselves derive from previous antigenic
      stimulation, or be of independent origin.

PMID- 3874258
TI  - Prolonged survival in vivo of unprimed B cells responsive to a T-independent
      antigen.
AB  - Despite earlier evidence to the contrary, it has recently been claimed that most
      B lymphocytes, including lymph node (LN) and thoracic duct B cells, are short
      lived cells of recent marrow origin. To seek direct information on this question,
      we transferred unprimed LN or thoracic duct B cells from normal mice to xid mice,
      i.e., mice unresponsive to the T-independent antigen, trinitrophenyl (TNP)
      Ficoll. At varying periods after B cell transfer the recipients were challenged
      with TNP-Ficoll; anti-TNP plaque-forming cells were assayed in the spleen 6 d
      later. The results showed that the B cell recipients retained responsiveness to
      TNP-Ficoll for at least 3 mo after transfer. Responsiveness increased within the
      first 3 wk but then remained relatively constant. These findings imply that, at
      least for TNP-Ficoll-reactive cells, B cells residing in LN and thoracic duct
      lymph are not short-lived cells of recent marrow. Indeed, the data suggest that
      once the pool of recirculating B cells is fully formed in adult mice, further
      input of newly formed cells from the marrow into the recirculating pool is very
      limited.

PMID- 3874257
TI  - Progenitors for Ly-1 B cells are distinct from progenitors for other B cells.
AB  - Data from previous multiparameter fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS)
      analysis and sorting studies define a subset of murine B cells that expresses the
      Ly-1 surface determinant in conjunction with IgM, IgD, Ia, and other typical B
      cell markers. These Ly-1 B cells are physically and functionally distinct. They
      express more IgM and less IgD than most other B cells; they are not normally
      found in lymph node or bone marrow; they are always present at low frequencies (1
      5%) in normal spleens, and, as we show here, they comprise about half of the B
      cells (10-20% of total cells) recovered from the peritoneal cavity in normal
      mice. Furthermore, most of the commonly studied IgM autoantibodies in normal and
      autoimmune mice are produced by these Ly-1 B cells, even though they seldom
      produce antibodies to exogenous antigens such as trinitrophenyl-Ficoll or
      trinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Cell transfer studies presented here
      demonstrate that the progenitors of Ly-1 B cells are different from the
      progenitors of the predominant B cell populations in spleen and lymph node. In
      these studies, we used FACS analysis and functional assays to characterize donor
      derived (allotype-marked) B cells present in lethally irradiated recipients 1-2
      mo after transfer. Surprisingly, adult bone marrow cells typically used to
      reconstitute B cells in irradiated recipients selectively failed to reconstitute
      the Ly-1 B subset. Liver, spleen, and bone marrow cells from young mice, in
      contrast, reconstituted all B cells (including Ly-1 B), and peritoneal "washout"
      cells (PerC) from adult mice uniquely reconstituted Ly-1 B. Bone marrow did not
      block Ly-1 B development, since PerC and newborn liver still gave rise to Ly-1 B
      when jointly transferred with marrow. These findings tentatively assign Ly-1 B to
      a distinct developmental lineage originating from progenitors that inhabit the
      same locations as other B cell progenitors in young animals, but move to unique
      location(s) in adults.

PMID- 3874259
TI  - Differential requirements of B cells from normal and allergic subjects for the
      induction of IgE synthesis by an alloreactive T cell clone.
AB  - Human T cell helper/inducer clones were used to induce IgE synthesis in B cells
      from both allergic and nonallergic donors. An alloreactive T cell clone,
      activated by recognition of specific HLA-DR antigens, stimulated peripheral blood
      B cells from both allergic and nonallergic donors to synthesize IgE antibody. B
      cells of allergic donors differed from those of nonallergic donors in their
      requirements for induction of IgE synthesis. Induction of IgE synthesis in B
      cells from nonallergic individuals occurred only under conditions of cognate
      interaction, in which the B cells expressed the alloantigen recognized by the T
      cells. In contrast, IgE synthesis in B cells from allergic donors occurred under
      conditions of cognate interaction with T cells as well as bystander conditions
      where the B cells did not express the alloantigen recognized by the T cell clones
      and where the T cell clones were stimulated by third-party monocytes bearing the
      relevant alloantigens. Furthermore, bystander stimulation of IgE synthesis in
      allergic donors occurred in the presence of tetanus toxoid (TT) antigen-specific
      T cell clones activated by the appropriate TT-pulsed monocytes. In contrast to
      the differing requirements of B cells from normal vs. allergic subjects for the
      induction of IgE synthesis, these B cells did not differ in their requirements
      for the induction of IgG synthesis. IgG synthesis was induced in all B cells
      under conditions of cognate interaction with the T cells as well as under
      conditions of bystander stimulation. These results suggest that cognate T-B cell
      interactions may be important in the development of IgE immune responses in the
      normal host.

PMID- 3874260
TI  - Normal Lyt-1+2- T cells have the unique capacity to respond to syngeneic
      autoreactive T cells. Demonstration of a T cell network.
AB  - In the present communication, we describe the unique observation that Lyt-1+2-,
      L3T4+ T cells but not Lyt-2+ T cells isolated from the spleens of normal,
      unimmunized H-2d mice proliferate strongly and directly to an irradiated,
      syngeneic, Lyt-1+2-, L3T4+, Ia- autoreactive T cell line/clone. In contrast, Lyt
      1+2- T cells failed to proliferate when stimulated by long-term, antigen
      specific, H-2d-restricted T cell lines. Supernatants from the cultures of
      autoreactive T cells or recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2) alone, failed to induce
      proliferation of the Lyt-1+2- T cells, suggesting that cell-cell interaction is
      essential for growth. In addition, the proliferative response of Lyt-1+2- T cells
      was independent of Ia+ antigen-presenting cells and was not blocked by either
      anti-Iad or anti-H-2d antibodies, but was inhibited by anti-L3T4 antibodies. All
      these observations suggested that the responding Lyt-1+2- T cells were
      recognizing the anti-self-Ia receptor expressed on autoreactive T cells and that
      such T cells might therefore express the internal image of self-Ia determinants.
      We suggest that the T-T interactions observed may represent interactions between
      two helper T cell subpopulations at the idiotope level and that autoreactive T
      cells may function as an important feature of the regulatory network and/or lead
      to the expansion of the T cell repertoire.

PMID- 3874261
TI  - Induction of influenza A virus cross-reactive cytotoxic T cells by a
      nucleoprotein/haemagglutinin preparation.
AB  - An ammonium deoxycholate fraction from bromelain-treated influenza A virus was
      highly enriched for virus nucleoprotein and contained residual haemagglutinin
      (NP/HA). The preparation did not contain detectable levels of matrix or
      neuraminidase proteins and was free of infectious virus. NP/HA effectively primed
      mice for cytotoxic T cells which lysed syngeneic cells infected with any type A
      influenza virus. Furthermore, NP/HA generated A-type virus cross-reactive
      cytotoxic T cells when added in vitro to spleen cells from mice previously primed
      with infectious influenza A virus. These properties imply that NP/HA has
      potential as a vaccine for heterotypic influenza A immunity.

PMID- 3874262
TI  - Cytotoxic T cell lysis of target cells fused with liposomes containing influenza
      virus haemagglutinin and neuraminidase.
AB  - The lytic activity of secondary cytotoxic lymphocytes against influenza A virus
      was tested on cells which had been fused with liposomes containing the
      haemagglutinin and the neuraminidase of an avian influenza A virus (fowl plague
      virus, FPV). Fusion was obtained solely by the activity of the haemagglutinin and
      neuraminidase incorporated into the liposomes, without the need for any
      additional fusion factor. Highly reproducible lysis of these FPV-liposome target
      cells by influenza A-specific cytotoxic cells was found. In contrast, target
      cells containing the glycoproteins HN and F of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were
      not lysed. In almost all experiments effector cell populations capable of lysing
      target cells also lysed the natural killer cell (NK)-sensitive cell line YAC-1.
      However, high NK activity alone was not sufficient to lyse target cells fused
      with liposomes containing the viral surface glycoproteins. To our knowledge this
      is the first report where after artificial introduction of viral surface
      components into cell membranes (either by fusion or by transfection) lysis of
      target cells was monitored also for non-specific lysis mediated by NK-like cells.
      Both the H-2 restriction and the virus specificity of lysis of FPV-liposome
      target cells indicate that influenza virus haemagglutinin and possibly
      neuraminidase do function as target antigens for influenza-specific T cells.

PMID- 3874263
TI  - Histidine transport into rat brain synaptosomes.
AB  - Histidine transport and metabolism in rat brain synaptosomes were investigated to
      study the possible role of histidine uptake in the synthesis of the putative
      neurotransmitter histamine (HA). Histidine uptake was found to be regionally
      distributed and temperature sensitive, and was not totally independent of sodium
      or potassium ions. Transport was inhibited by metabolic inhibitors, as well as by
      promethazine and quinacrine. A number of other HA-related agents and several
      histidine metabolites had no effect. Kinetic analyses of histidine transport
      revealed the presence of both high- and low-affinity systems in cerebral cortex.
      Histidine uptake increased following preexposure of synaptosomes to depolarizing
      concentrations of potassium. This effect was dependent on the presence of calcium
      ions during the preincubation. No newly formed [3H]HA was detectable in rat brain
      synaptosomes following [3H]histidine transport. Lesions of the medial forebrain
      bundle did not alter histidine uptake in the hippocampus or cerebral cortex.
      Ontogenic studies indicated that the histidine uptake system developed rapidly
      and reached a peak during postnatal days 12-17. Overall, the present findings do
      not support a role for histidine transport in the regulation or maintenance of
      neurotransmitter pools of HA in rat brain.

PMID- 3874264
TI  - Quantitative autoradiography of [3H]indalpine binding sites in the rat brain: I.
      Pharmacological characterization.
AB  - The binding of [3H]indalpine (4-[2-(3-indolyl)]ethyl piperidine) to slide-mounted
      sections of rat brain has been characterized. This 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)
      uptake blocker binds to sections with high affinity (KD approximately 1 nM). The
      binding is saturable, and can be displaced by the addition of clomipramine (1
      microM). Other drugs inhibiting the uptake of 5-HT also have the capacity to
      inhibit the binding of [3H]indalpine. A significant correlation (r = 0.86) was
      found between the capacity of these compounds to inhibit the uptake of 5-HT and
      their potencies as inhibitors of [3H]indalpine binding. Binding was Na+ - and Cl-
      -dependent and was inhibited competitively by 5-HT. Furthermore, electrolytic
      lesions of the dorsal raphe or medial forebrain bundle, which cause a
      degeneration of 5-HT cell bodies and fibers, respectively, resulted in a 30-40%
      reduction in the binding of [3H]indalpine. [3H]Indalpine binds to the 5-HT uptake
      recognition sites in a different manner from imipramine-like compounds.

PMID- 3874265
TI  - Motor axon sprouting in frog sartorius muscles is not altered by contralateral
      axotomy.
AB  - Sartorius muscles of the frog Rana pipiens were used to study the incidence of
      motor nerve sprouting in normal unoperated muscles, in experimental muscles
      contralateral to axotomy of the sartorius nerve, and in sham-operated control
      muscles. Muscles were stained with either a combination of nitroblue tetrazolium
      nerve terminal stain and cholinesterase stain or with a combination of silver
      nerve terminal stain and cholinesterase stain. Each endplate that could be
      clearly seen was classified into one or more of the following categories: normal
      endplates without sprouts, three types of terminal sprouts, preterminal sprouts,
      nodal sprouts, sprouts of unknown origin and destination, and doubly innervated
      gutters. A quantitative study of 318 endplates from nine unoperated muscles, 779
      endplates from 45 experimental muscles, and 694 endplates from 41 control muscles
      showed that all muscles had a high incidence of motor nerve sprouting and other
      forms of remodelling (20-28% of all endplates). There were, however, no
      significant differences between experimental, control, and unoperated muscles
      when results obtained with the same stains were compared. Results obtained with
      the two different stains were only slightly different. We conclude that sprouting
      is a very common but highly variable feature of normal frog neuromuscular
      junctions, and in the sartorius, contralateral axotomy does not alter this
      ongoing remodelling.

PMID- 3874266
TI  - Adult T cell leukemia with atypical surface phenotypes: clinical correlation.
AB  - The leukemic cells of 57 patients with adult T cell leukemia (ATL) were analyzed
      for their immunologic surface markers. Forty-four cases showed normal mature
      inducer/helper T cell phenotype (typical group: E-RFC+, Leu-1+, 2a-, 3a+ MASO36c
      ), but the other 13 cases showed unusual surface phenotypes (variant group) and
      could be subdivided into several groups (V1 to V5). Four cases had absent or low
      Leu-1 positivity (V1: E-RFC+, Leu-1-, 2a-, 3a+, MASO36c-), while two other cases
      with low Leu-1 positivity had both Leu-2a and 3a, a characteristic of cortical
      thymocytes, but were unreactive with MASO36c (V2: E-RFC+, Leu-1-, 2a+, 3a+,
      MASO36c-). Three cases lacked both Leu-2a and 3a despite having other T cell
      markers (V3: E-RFC+, Leu-1+, 2a-, 3a-, MASO36c-). The next three cases had low
      rosette-forming ability with sheep RBCs (V4: E-RFC-, Leu-1- approximately +, 2a-
      approximately +, 3a+, MASO36c-). Interestingly, one other case showed high
      reactivity against anti-Leu-7, which is believed to be one of the monoclonal
      antibodies directed against natural killer cells (V5: E-RFC+, Leu-1+, 2a-, 3a+,
      7+, MASO36c-). Clinical and hematologic differences between the typical group and
      variant group were investigated, and it was found that the variant group
      (excluding V5) have statistically significant (P less than .002) higher serum
      lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. The overall survival in the variant group
      was worse than in the typical group, but it was not quite statistically
      significant (P = .072). The median survival time was eight months for typical
      cases and only four months for variant cases; six cases died within two months.
      The V5 case was unusual not only because the patient's leukemic cells have Leu-7
      antigen but also because she survived more than nine years after initial
      diagnosis. There seems to be some correlation between phenotypic diversity of ATL
      cells and prognosis.

PMID- 3874267
TI  - Responses to head tilt in cat central vestibular neurons. II. Frequency
      dependence of neural response vectors.
AB  - The responses of central vestibular neurons in the decerebrate cat subjected to
      whole-body tilt were examined as a function both of stimulus orientation (with
      respect to the cat's head) and frequency, with the aim of understanding the
      neural processing responsible for producing the observed response patterns.
      Responses to whole-body tilt were recorded from vestibular neurons in and around
      the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN). By plugging all six semicircular canals,
      the otolith contribution was studied in isolation. For each neuron, a response
      vector was defined as having three components: orientation, gain, and phase.
      These components were examined using sinusoidal stimulus frequencies of 0.01 to 2
      Hz. The orientation component of the neural response vector does not vary as a
      function of stimulus frequency. Thus response dynamics previously described with
      a fixed (roll) axis cannot be explained by changes in the angle between the
      response vector orientation and a fixed stimulus axis. Two major classes of
      neural responses were observed. One class had a phase lead at low frequencies and
      gain that showed a modest increase with frequency. It could be described by a
      model that included a fractional s exponent operator. These response dynamics
      resemble that of otolith afferents, suggesting that these neurons may be acting
      as simple relays. The other major response class was characterized by a large
      gain increase and a phase lag of as much as 180 degrees as frequency increased;
      such response dynamics have been previously observed in otolith-evoked neck and
      forelimb reflexes. A more complex model, consisting of a parallel excitatory and
      high-pass-filtered inhibitory limb, was necessary to describe these responses.
      The orientation component of the response vector of most of the neurons whose
      dynamics were best described by the parallel pathway model pointed toward the
      contralateral side, implying they would be excited by side-up tilt (at low
      frequencies). Most other neurons had ipsilateral vectors.

PMID- 3874268
TI  - Development of locomotor mechanisms in the frog.
AB  - Tadpoles swim by undulations of the body and tail, whereas frogs locomote by
      alternate (stepping) and synchronous (frog-kick) movements of the hindlimbs. The
      development of interlimb coordination was studied by recording the activity of
      hindlimb motoneurons from the left and right ninth ventral roots of the isolated
      central nervous system (CNS). Results showed that mechanisms responsible for
      interlimb coordination of stepping are functional when the hindlimb is still
      composed of undifferentiated mesenchyme and before the lateral motor column has
      stabilized (stage III). The early appearance of coordinated activation of
      hindlimb motoneurons suggests that innervation of appropriate target muscles is
      not a prerequisite for normal development of circuits that mediate interlimb
      coordination of stepping. Synchronous activation of left and right hindlimb
      motoneurons (fictive frog kicks) appeared later in development (stage XIV).
      Throughout larval development 1:1 frequency coupling between both alternating and
      synchronous bursts of hindlimb motoneurons and bursts of primary motoneurons
      (those innervating axial muscles) was found. Recordings of peripheral nerve
      activity showed that motoneurons innervating antagonistic muscles of the thigh
      burst in antiphase. This intralimb coordination was present at stage X, a foot
      paddle stage that was the earliest stage in which the peripheral nerves were
      successfully dissected. That the neural activity of the isolated nervous system
      described above indeed underlies coordinated locomotor movements of the hindlimbs
      was shown by single-frame videotape analysis of hindlimb movements produced by
      the otherwise isolated CNS. The stepping movements displayed by those
      preparations were consistent with patterns of electrophysiological burst activity
      recorded from the ventral roots and peripheral nerves. The ontogenetic sequence
      in which the different patterns of electrophysiological activity emerged is the
      same as that of the corresponding behaviors in the intact tadpole. Although there
      were developmental changes in the reliability with which coordinated activity in
      the ventral roots and peripheral nerves was observed, each mode of coordination
      remained qualitatively unchanged from its earliest appearance through
      metamorphosis. These results show that mechanisms underlying locomotor
      coordination of the hindlimbs develop very early in larval ontogeny of the frog
      and can function when isolated from the periphery.

PMID- 3874269
TI  - Changes in contralateral brain-stem auditory evoked responses to cerebellopontine
      angle compression in rats.
AB  - Eleven rats were subjected to graded compression of the brain stem at the
      cerebellopontine angle (CPA) following craniectomy and cerebellectomy. Clicks
      were delivered to the ear contralateral to the compression site, and brain-stem
      auditory evoked responses (BAER's) were collected before and during compression.
      With increasing compression, there was an increase in the latency and a decrease
      in the amplitude of the peaks of the BAER. The later peaks of the BAER (V and VI)
      demonstrated changes with minimal compression that progressed as compression
      increased, while changes in the amplitude and latency of the earlier peaks (II,
      III, and IV) occurred at the higher grades of compression. Following
      decompression of the brain stem, there was a decrease in the latencies of most of
      the BAER peaks. Peak amplitude remained depressed following brain-stem
      decompression. These experimental findings corroborate clinical reports of
      abnormal BAER's elicited from stimulation of the ear contralateral to a CPA
      tumor. The relative sensitivity of the later peaks of the BAER to even minimal
      brain-stem compression explains the prolonged III to V interpeak latency reported
      in the literature in patients with brain-stem compression from a CPA lesion. The
      possible mechanisms for the BAER changes that were observed contralateral to
      compression are discussed.

PMID- 3874270
TI  - Clinical evaluation of 360 degrees and 180 degrees data sampling techniques for
      transaxial SPECT thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging.
AB  - The most serious controversy regarding the application of transaxial SPECT
      technology to 201Tl myocardial perfusion imaging is the choice between 360
      degrees compared with 180 degrees data sampling techniques. The present study
      utilized the original 360 degrees sampled raw data of 25 patients who had both
      SPECT 201Tl myocardial perfusion imaging and coronary angio/ventriculography for
      back projection reprocessing to accomplish the 360 degrees/180 degrees
      comparison. The results show a high incidence, 36% (9/25), of false-positive
      segmental perfusion abnormality and a high incidence, 24% (6/25), of moderate to
      severe degree of image distortion with the 180 degrees data sampled reconstructed
      images. These were not observed in the 360 degrees data sampled reconstructed
      images. The above findings confirmed our previous preliminary conclusion that
      even though the 180 degrees data sampling technique has the advantage of
      providing improved image contrast and reduction in acquisition time it is not a
      reliable technique and should be abandoned. The 360 degrees data sampling is the
      technique of choice for transaxial SPECT 201Tl myocardial perfusion imaging.

PMID- 3874271
TI  - Immunological changes during progressive stages of vitamin A deficiency in the
      rat.
AB  - The immune status of rats fed a vitamin A-deficient diet (-A) was studied before
      they reached the weight plateau (stage 1), during the first 5 d of the weight
      plateau (stage 2) and during late stages of vitamin A deficiency (stage 3).
      Compared to vitamin A-supplemented (+A) animals, there were no significant
      differences in the relative splenic weights during the early and later stages of
      deficiency, but the total yield of isolated splenocytes was lower in -A rats
      during stages 2 and 3. The weights of the cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes
      were higher during the later stages of deficiency. In the spleen, concanavalin A
      (Con A)-induced responses were significantly depressed in -A rats at all three
      stages of deficiency. In stages 2 and 3 splenic pokeweed mitogen (PWM) responses
      were lower in -A than in +A rats. There were no changes in lymph node responses
      in stage 1. The Con A and PWM-induced responses of cervical lymph nodes of -A
      animals were higher in stages 2 and 3. Mesenteric lymph node responses were also
      higher in -A rats in stage 3. The alterations in the transformation responses of 
      A rats could not be explained by changes in the relative proportions of T-cell
      subsets.

PMID- 3874272
TI  - Epidemiologic study of prostate cancer in Oklahoma. Six-year review, 1975-1980.

PMID- 3874273
TI  - Blood loss with use of the Shaw scalpel for the treatment of oral cancer.
AB  - The Shaw scalpel was used in seven radical operations for oral cancer. The amount
      of bleeding and postoperative exudate and the occurrence of postoperative
      complications were compared with that from 12 operations performed with the
      conventional steel scalpel. The blood loss during the radical neck dissection
      performed with the Shaw scalpel was 39% of the control value, and no blood
      transfusions were necessary. There was no increase in the amount of postoperative
      exudate in the Shaw scalpel group compared with the control group. Skin incision
      with the Shaw scalpel was accompanied by superficial wound dehiscences in three
      patients, which healed without any treatment.

PMID- 3874274
TI  - Proliferative response of human lymphocytes to secretory and cellular antigens of
      Trichomonas vaginalis.
AB  - Lymphocytes from patients with active trichomoniasis showed a proliferative
      response when incubated in the presence of secretory and cellular products of
      either pathogenic or non-pathogenic Trichomonas vaginalis. Maximal responses were
      detected using 50 micrograms per ml protein after 5 days incubation. Lymphocytes
      from non-infected laboratory workers showed no response to these antigens. This
      indicates that delayed hypersensitivity reactions may act to modulate
      inflammatory responses in trichomoniasis.

PMID- 3874275
TI  - Transplantation of adult Dirofilaria immitis into Lewis rats: parasitologic and
      serologic findings.

PMID- 3874276
TI  - Ten years experience with paravariceal injection sclerotherapy of esophageal
      varices in children.
AB  - Esophageal varices in 59 consecutive children with portal hypertension were
      treated by paravariceal injection sclerotherapy. Repeated injections were
      performed using a special rigid instrument under general anesthesia. In children
      older than 10 a flexible endoscope was used without general anesthesia. Using
      0.5% Polidocanol, a fibrous layer protecting varices against the further bleeding
      was produced in 59 children. Complications during treatment included hemorrhage,
      esophageal ulceration and stricture, each in two children. 55 children have been
      followed for 6 months to 10 years after two phases of paravariceal injection
      following the first phase of treatment. Three rebleeds have occurred in this
      group. Sclerotherapy was repeated. Thereafter, using a regular endoscopic control
      every year, no rebleeding occurred. Four children with liver cirrhosis died of
      liver failure. All other children except four foreign ones could be followed. 51
      of them (86%) are alive.

PMID- 3874277
TI  - [Production of colony-stimulating factors by adherent cells derived from long
      term murine bone marrow cultures].

PMID- 3874278
TI  - Inheritance of liver N-acetyltransferase activity in the rapid and slow
      acetylator inbred hamster.
AB  - p-Aminobenzoic acid and p-aminosalicylic acid-N-acetyltransferase activities were
      determined in 105,000 X g liver cytosols from homozygous rapid acetylator (Bio.
      4.24, Bio. 41.56 and Bio. 65.67) and homozygous slow acetylator (Bio. 1.5) inbred
      hamsters. Liver N-acetyltransferase activities were substantially higher in rapid
      as opposed to slow acetylator hamsters. Genetic crosses yielded F1 generation
      progeny with unimodal distributions of N-acetyltransferase activity intermediate
      between those of the rapid and slow acetylator parental strains, and F2
      generation progeny with trimodal distributions (low/intermediate/high) of N
      acetyltransferase activity not significantly different from a ratio of 1/2/1.
      Backcross matings yielded bimodal distributions of N-acetyltransferase activity
      in a ratio (intermediate/parental) not significantly different from 1/1. Each of
      these findings is consistent with simple autosomal Mendelian inheritance of two
      codominant alleles at a single gene locus.

PMID- 3874279
TI  - Propylthiouracil-induced immune-mediated disease in the cat.
AB  - An immune-mediated disease was produced in 9 of 17 (53%) normal healthy cats by
      daily p.o. administration of 150 mg of 6-propylthiouracil (PTU). This disease
      syndrome is characterized by lethargy, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, hemolytic
      anemia, a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and antinuclear antibodies
      (ANA). The duration of drug administration before the development of a positive
      DAT and/or ANA ranged from 3 to 8 weeks (Mean +/- S.E.M. = 4.5 +/- 0.6), whereas
      the duration before the onset of clinical signs ranged from 4 to 8 weeks (6.1 +/-
      0.6 weeks). On cessation of PTU administration, clinical signs resolved in all
      cats within 2 weeks, and the DAT and test for ANA were negative within 1 to 4
      weeks (1.9 +/- 0.4 weeks). During nine PTU-rechallenge periods in four cats, both
      the mean time to develop a positive DAT and ANA (2.5 +/- 0.8 weeks) and the mean
      time to develop overt clinical signs (2.6 +/- 0.7 weeks) were shorter than
      similar mean times in the initial PTU treatment period (P less than .01). During
      nine episodes of PTU-induced disease in seven cats, PTU administration was
      discontinued and replaced with 150 mg of 6-propyluracil (PU), a nonsulfur analog
      of PTU. Resolution of both clinical and serologic signs of disease occurred in
      seven of the nine disease episodes within 1 to 3 weeks (2.1 +/- 0.4 weeks). In
      the two cats whose disease did not resolve on PU, one was sacrificed after 1 week
      of PU administration, without clinical or serologic resolution, because of the
      severity of the PTU-induced disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3874280
TI  - Relationships between drug-induced changes in tetrahydrobiopterin and biogenic
      amine concentrations in rat brain.
AB  - In vitro studies of rat brain tyrosine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase
      activities have demonstrated nonlinearities in both time course and substrate
      velocity curves that were sensitive to small changes in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)
      concentrations when studied within a range speculated to approximate the in vivo
      condition. High-performance liquid chromatographic determinations of rat striatal
      BH4 levels reported here are consistent with such a nonlinear relationship of BH4
      and brain monoamine synthesis under four in vivo conditions: 1-day s.c.
      amphetamine infusion, L-tryptophan loads, i.v.t. administration of corticotropin
      releasing factor and the diurnal rhythms of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal and
      serotonergic raphe hippocampal systems. Only the results of continuous 10-day
      amphetamine infusion were consistent with a simple stoichiometric relationship
      between the (postulated) rate limiting concentrations of BH4 and regional levels
      of brain monoamines. Although some of the statistically significant changes in
      regional brain BH4 levels are small, previous reports of the failure of biopterin
      to change in response to more than 30 other central nervous system drugs,
      including such stimulants as methylphenidate and cocaine, makes them noteworthy.

PMID- 3874281
TI  - Kinetics of drug action in disease states. XIII. Effect of dialyzable
      component(s) of uremic blood on phenobarbital concentrations in rats at onset of
      loss of righting reflex.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to determine if the previously demonstrated
      increased sensitivity of the central nervous system of uremic rats to the
      hypnotic activity of phenobarbital is caused, wholly or in part, by the
      accumulation of one or more endogenous substances. Blood was obtained from normal
      donor rats and from rats made uremic by administration of uranyl nitrate 5 days
      earlier. The serum was dialyzed against water, using a cellophane membrane with a
      molecular exclusion limit of 12,000 to 14,000 daltons, and the dialysate was
      lyophilized. A concentrate of the dialysate was administered by i.v. infusion to
      normal rats who also received a slow i.v. infusion of phenobarbital until they
      lost their righting reflex. Samples of cerebrospinal fluid, blood (for serum) and
      the brain were obtained at that time and were assayed for phenobarbital. Compared
      to the two control groups, i.e., rats infused with serum dialysate from normal
      animals or with normal saline solution, rats infused with serum dialysate from
      uremic rats lost their righting reflex at significantly lower phenobarbital
      concentrations in serum, brain and cerebrospinal fluid. This shows that the serum
      of uremic rats contains appreciable concentrations of one or more dialysable
      components capable of potentiating or contributing to the hypnotic activity of
      phenobarbital.

PMID- 3874282
TI  - Displacement of the surface membrane bound calcium of the skeletal muscle fibers
      of the frog: effects of lanthanum and opioids.
AB  - Three opioids, viz. methadone, morphine and meperidine, were tested separately
      for their effects on the rate of 45Ca++ efflux from frog toe muscles. The
      experimental procedures were designed to provide reliable measurements of the
      displacement of 45Ca++ from surface binding sites using the thin and light toe
      muscle. La (2 mM) was used to test the ability of the experimental procedure to
      detect the displacement of calcium bound superficially to the muscle fiber
      membrane. La not only enhances the rate of efflux of 45Ca++ from surface membrane
      superficial stores but also inhibits the efflux of intracellular calcium. Of the
      opioids tested, only methadone (10(-4) or 10(-3) M) caused a slight but
      significant increase in the rate of 45Ca++ efflux from the surface bound (i.e.,
      the La -displaceable) store of calcium of the muscle. The "calcium-displacement"
      effect of methadone was much weaker than that seen with La . Morphine (10(-4) or
      10(-3) M) or meperidine (10(-4) or 10(-3) M) did not show any such effect on the
      bound 45Ca++ desaturation rate even under experimental conditions modified to
      enable the detection of the displacement of even small amounts of 45Ca++ from
      superficial binding sites on the muscles.

PMID- 3874283
TI  - Mechanism of uptake of dihydroergotamine by isolated rat hepatocytes: effect of
      troleandomycin.
AB  - The mechanism of uptake of dihydroergotamine (DHE) was studied in isolated rat
      hepatocytes and the effect of troleandomycin on DHE uptake was examined. The
      uptake was linear for 75 sec and reached an equilibrium at 5 min with an
      intracellular/extracellular concentration ratio of approximately 65. The initial
      velocity of uptake was linearly related to the concentration of DHE in the
      extracellular medium with a diffusion constant of 127 pmol X min-1 X mg of
      protein-1 X microM-1. Metabolic inhibitors (KCN, carbonylcyanide-M
      chlorophenylhydrazone and antimycin A) had no effect on DHE uptake. Replacement
      of sodium by choline chloride in the extracellular medium decreased slightly but
      significantly (P less than .02) the uptake of DHE. The addition of troleandomycin
      (300 microM) in the incubation medium decreased the initial velocity of uptake of
      DHE (control, velocity of uptake = 88 pmol X min-1 X mg of protein-1 X microM-1;
      troleandomycin, velocity of uptake = 55 pmol X min-1 X mg of protein-1 X microM
      1; P less than .05). These results suggest that DHE enters into the hepatocytes
      by passive diffusion. The high intracellular/extracellular concentration ratio
      suggests that intracellular binding occurs and results in an accumulation of DHE
      in the cells.

PMID- 3874284
TI  - Biodegradable microspheres II: Immune response to a heterologous and an
      autologous protein entrapped in polyacryl starch microparticles.
AB  - Human serum albumin (HSA) and mouse serum albumin were entrapped in biodegradable
      microparticles of polyacrylstarch. When HSA entrapped in microparticles was
      injected i.v. in Balb/c mice a dose-dependent immune response was elicited. No
      detectable response was obtained when mouse serum albumin entrapped in
      microparticles was given to the mice. Neither was any response detected when free
      HSA or free HSA in combination with empty microparticles were injected, as
      measured by indirect plaque-forming cells in the spleen and serum antibody
      titers. The immune response to entrapped HSA had a long duration and was mainly T
      cell-dependent as athymic nude mice (Nu/Nu) only generated a weak immune response
      upon injection of the particle entrapped antigen.

PMID- 3874285
TI  - Antiarrhythmic and electrophysiologic effects of bepridil in chronically
      infarcted conscious dogs.
AB  - The antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory actions of bepridil, an antianginal agent
      with cardiac fast and slow channel-blocking activities, were evaluated in
      conscious dogs 3 to 7 days after anterior myocardial infarction. The i.v.
      administration of 5.0 mg/kg of bepridil prevented the initiation of ventricular
      tachycardia in four of 12 postinfarction dogs tested and slightly but
      significantly prolonged the effective refractory period determined at the right
      ventricular outflow tract. The i.v. administration of 10.0 mg/kg of bepridil
      prevented ventricular tachycardia induction in seven of 13 dogs tested and
      significantly reduced the rate of the induced tachycardia in the remaining six
      dogs. Significant increases in ventricular activation times measured in both
      normal and infarcted areas of myocardium, as well as a modest prolongation in
      ventricular refractoriness, accompanied administration of 10.0 mg/kg of bepridil.
      Acute pretreatment with 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg of bepridil produced a dose-dependent
      and significant (10.0 mg/kg) delay in the development of ventricular fibrillation
      in response to ischemia at a site remote from previous myocardial infarction, as
      well as suggestive increases in survival 24 hr after the development of ischemia.
      These results suggest that bepridil may possess antiarrhythmic properties useful
      in the management of recurrent ventricular tachycardia in the setting of
      myocardial infarction and in the suppression of early ischemia-mediated
      ventricular fibrillation in the presence of previous myocardial injury.

PMID- 3874286
TI  - Cell K activity in frog skin in the presence and absence of cell current.
AB  - Cell K activity, acK, was measured in the short-circuited frog skin by
      simultaneous cell punctures from the apical surface with open-tip and K-selective
      microelectrodes. Strict criteria for acceptance of impalements included constancy
      of the open-tip microelectrode resistance, agreement within 3% of the fractional
      apical voltage measured with open-tip and K-selective microelectrodes, and
      constancy of the differential voltage recorded between the open-tip and the K
      microelectrodes 30-60 sec after application of amiloride or substitution of
      apical Na. Skins were bathed on the serosal surface with NaCl Ringer and, to
      reduce paracellular Cl conductance and effects of amiloride on paracellular
      conductance, with NaNO3 Ringer on the apical surface. Under control conditions
      acK was nearly constant among skins (mean +/- SD = 92 +/- 8 mM, 14 skins) in
      spite of a wide range of cellular currents (5 to 70 microA/cm2). Cell current
      (and transcellular Na transport) was inhibited by either apical addition of
      amiloride or substitution of Na by other cations. Although in some experiments
      the expected small increase in acK after inhibition of cell current was observed,
      on the average the change was not significant (98 +/- 11 mM after amiloride, 101
      +/- 12 mM after Na substitution), even 30 min after the inhibition of cell
      current. The membrane potential, which in the control state ranged from -42 to 
      77 mV, hyperpolarized after inhibition of cell current, initially to -109 +/- 5
      mV, then depolarizing to a stable value (-88 +/- 5 mV) after 15-25 min. At this
      time K was above equilibrium (EK = 98 +/- 2 mV), indicating that the active pump
      mechanism is still operating after inhibition of transcellular Na transport. The
      measurement of acK permitted the calculation of the passive K current and pump
      current under control conditions, assuming a "constant current source" with
      almost all of the basolateral conductance attributable to K. We found a
      significant correlation between pump current and cell current with a slope of
      0.31, indicating that about one-third of the cell current is carried by the pump,
      i.e., a pump stoichiometry of 3Na/2K.

PMID- 3874287
TI  - Aplastic anemia: pathophysiology and management.

PMID- 3874288
TI  - The replication of bacteriophage P4 DNA in vitro. Partial purification of the P4
      alpha gene product.
AB  - A soluble enzyme system has been prepared from a phage P4-infected Escherichia
      coli strain that supports the replication of exogenous, supercoiled P4 DNA. This
      DNA synthesis in vitro depends upon the four deoxyribonucleotides and ATP, but is
      enhanced about four- to fivefold by the presence of other ribonucleotides. E.
      coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, the E. coli single-strand DNA binding
      protein, and the partially purified P4 alpha gene product are required for
      replication in vitro. Rifamycin does not inhibit P4 replication in vitro. Since
      the P4 alpha gene codes for a rifamycin-resistant RNA polymerase (Barrett et al.,
      1983), and since P4 DNA replication is independent of the host primase (Bowden et
      al., 1975), we believe the alpha gene product is functioning as a P4-specific DNA
      primase.

PMID- 3874289
TI  - C-reactive protein in femoral head necrosis.
AB  - Serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha 1-antitrypsin,
      orosomucoid, and haptoglobin were determined in 28 patients with a medial
      fracture of the femoral neck. The serum concentrations were compared with the
      result of hip scintigraphy with technetium-99m pyrophosphate, a method which can
      detect femoral head necrosis and predict the development of late segmental
      collapse. Serum concentrations of the four acute-phase proteins were measured
      immediately before osteosynthesis and at the time of hip scintigraphy 1 to 4, 8
      to 13, and 37 to 47 days postoperatively. During the same period 15 patients had
      constantly normal, five varying abnormal/normal, and eight constantly abnormal
      scintigrams, the latter indicating femoral head necrosis. All four acute-phase
      proteins had a typical course of concentration changes, which were most
      pronounced for CRP. However, none of them were useful for the detection of
      femoral head necrosis or the prediction of late segmental collapse, since the
      observed serum concentrations could not be used to distinguish between the three
      scintigraphic groups.

PMID- 3874290
TI  - Acute and chronic traumatic aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta: a 10-year
      experience with a single method of aortic shunting.
AB  - A 10-year experience in the surgical treatment of traumatic aneurysms of the
      descending thoracic aorta is reviewed. This series included 40 patients equally
      divided into two groups. Group I comprised 20 acute ruptures and group II, 20
      chronic traumatic aneurysms, all situated at the aortic isthmus. The surgical
      repair was performed in all patients with a single method of aortic shunting. A
      Gott aneurysm shunt was used as a temporary external bypass between the ascending
      and the descending aorta, giving priority to organ protection during aortic cross
      clamping. The survival rate was 95% (38/40). The two deaths occurred in the acute
      group and were related to severe brain trauma present before surgery. The aortic
      cross-clamping time averaged 43 minutes. Regarding organ protection, no brain
      damage, no heart failure, no renal dysfunction, and no paraplegia occurred. These
      results emphasize the safety and the reliability of this shunting procedure.

PMID- 3874291
TI  - Tissue-specific expression of the newly acquired ecotropic Emv-18 provirus in Fv
      2 congenic mice.
AB  - Expression of endogenous retroviral sequences in Fv-2 congenic mouse strains was
      examined by Northern blot analysis. Endogenous ecotropic virus transcripts were
      observed in total spleen RNA of B6.S (Fv-2ss) mice. Endogenous ecotropic
      transcripts were not detected in spleen RNA of C57BL/6, the Fv-2rr congenic
      partner of B6.S, nor in spleens of the C57BL/10 (Fv-2rr) and B10.C (Fv-2ss)
      congenic strains. Mendelian segregation analysis revealed that only backcross
      mice segregating the newly acquired Fv-2-linked endogenous ecotropic provirus had
      endogenous ecotropic transcripts in spleen RNA. Examination of different tissues
      of B6.S mice showed that Emv-18 transcription was highest in spleen and bone
      marrow, tissues in which Fv-2 has been shown to function. These results support
      the conclusion that chromosomal location is an important factor controlling Emv
      18 expression in B6.S mice. We also report the presence in the spleen of a novel
      xenotropic virus transcript detectable only in B6.S mice.

PMID- 3874292
TI  - The safety of carotid endarterectomy at the time of coronary artery bypass
      surgery: analysis of results in a high-risk patient population.
AB  - From Jan. 1, 1979, to Dec. 31, 1983, 37 patients have undergone simultaneous
      carotid endarterectomy and myocardial revascularization. There were 27 men and 10
      women, and their ages ranged from 45 to 74 years (mean 61.3 years). Unstable
      angina was present in 61%, significant stenosis in the left main coronary artery
      in 27%, and either unstable angina or disease of the left main coronary artery in
      70% of these patients. All patients had hemodynamically significant stenosis of
      the carotid artery on the operated side and 14 patients (38%) had bilaterally
      significant disease; three patients (8%) had a contralateral total occlusion of
      the carotid artery. There were no deaths resulting from neurologic factors, no
      permanent, and only one transient (2.7%) neurologic deficits. There were three
      deaths from cardiac causes (8.1%). Carotid endarterectomy may be performed safely
      at the time of myocardial revascularization in a patient population with a high
      incidence of unstable angina and disease of the left main coronary artery. The
      evolution of and rationale for the combined surgical approach to coexistent
      carotid and coronary artery disease is discussed and the literature reviewed.

PMID- 3874293
TI  - Secondary Haemophilus influenzae type b in day-care facilities. Risk factors and
      prevention.
AB  - The risk factors for acquisition of secondary day-care-associated Haemophilus
      influenzae type b disease were evaluated in a cohort of children in Seattle-King
      County, Washington; Atlanta; and the state of Oklahoma. During the study period,
      129 primary cases were identified in children less than 5 years old who attended
      day-care facilities. In ten instances (8%), a secondary case occurred between one
      and 60 days after a primary case in the same classroom. Risk of secondary disease
      in classroom contacts was strongly age related: 2.4% in children 0 to 11 months
      old, 1.2% in children 12 to 23 months old, and 0.0% in children 24 to 59 months
      old. Controlling for age, children attending day-care more hours per week were
      more likely to transmit or acquire secondary disease. Risk of secondary disease
      for children in other classrooms at a center where a case had occurred was not
      significantly greater than risk of primary disease. Administration of rifampin to
      classroom contacts of a child with invasive H influenzae was effective in
      preventing secondary cases (95% confidence interval for rifampin efficacy, 47% to
      100%). For children 0 to 23 months old not treated with rifampin, risk of
      secondary disease was 2.7% (95% confidence interval, 1.1% to 4.3%), a risk
      approaching that reported in household contacts.

PMID- 3874294
TI  - [Evaluation of ototoxic effect of micronomicin by intravenous drip infusion].
AB  - Ototoxic effect of micronomicin (MCR) in intravenous drip administration was
      investigated in guinea pigs (300--400 g) receiving MCR for 30 days at dose of 50
      and 100 mg/kg, respectively. MCR was dissolved in physiologic saline and 1.5 ml
      of the solution was infused through polyethylene tube into the left external
      jugular vein with Perista mini-pump for 60 minutes every day after measurement of
      body weight. Auditory impairment was monitored by pinna reflex audiometry. Pinna
      reflex loss was not detected in any animal in frequency range (0.5 to 20 kHz).
      Cochlear hair cell damage generally was of mild degree. Two out of 6 animals
      treated with MCR 50 mg/kg (Table 1) showed outer hair cell loss confined to
      unilateral basal end and posterior 3/4 of the first turn, respectively. Outer
      hair cell loss was noticed in 4 of 9 animals receiving MCR 100 mg/kg (Table 2);
      much less extensive in 3 animals, unsymmetrical slightly extensive in remaining
      1. Unilateral circumscribed loss of inner hair cells was noticed at lower part of
      the hook in the latter one. Vestibular hair cell loss was scattered and less
      extensive and occurred in 4 of the 6 50 mg/kg given animals and in 7 of the 9 100
      mg/kg ones. Comparison in incidence and extension of the outer hair cell loss of
      the cochlea (Tables 3, 4) in the present study and previous ones on the ototoxic
      effect of MCR in intramuscular and intravenous administration suggests that there
      was no distinct difference in enhancement of the ototoxic effect in the
      intravenous drip administration.

PMID- 3874295
TI  - Serial determinations of serum enzymes following aorta-coronary bypass surgery
      and acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Serial determinations of serum creatine kinase (CK), cardio-specific isoenzyme of
      CK (CK-MB), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and alpha-hydroxybutylate
      dehydrogenase (HBD) were made in 29 consecutive patients undergoing aorta
      coronary (AC) bypass grafting, and the results were compared with those in 31
      patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Postoperatively, all patients
      had an uneventful postoperative course and there was no evidence of AMI. The time
      course of enzyme activity following surgery was characterized by 1) shortening of
      peak activity time of all enzymes except CK, 2) rapid disappearance of CK-MB, 3)
      prolonged normalization of GOT and HBD. Peak activities of CK, CK-MB, GOT and HBD
      in AC bypass patients were 801 +/- 77, 46 +/- 6, 100 +/- 9 and 718 +/- 32 IU
      (mean +/- SEM), respectively, which were equivalent to 46%, 12%, 22% and 47% of
      those in AMI. The degree of postoperative CK-MB elevation was influenced by the
      duration of the operation and the extracorporeal circulation, and the number of
      grafts bypassed. The peak CK-MB activity did not correlate with the CK peak. The
      ratio of CK-MB to CK was much smaller in AC bypass than in AMI (6.5 +/- 1.8 vs.
      20.1 +/- 1.4%). It was concluded that serum enzyme elevations after AC bypass
      surgery largely reflected enzyme release from the skeletal muscle rather than the
      myocardium.

PMID- 3874296
TI  - Study of left ventricular function and myocardial viability in patients with left
      ventricular aneurysm developed after myocardial infarction. A comparative study
      of medical and surgical therapy.
AB  - We evaluated the treatment of left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) caused by
      myocardial infarction in 44 patients showing cineangiographical features of left
      ventricular aneurysm. Of the 44 patients, 28 were treated non-surgically (N-S)
      and 16 were treated surgically (S). Combined aortocoronary bypass graft (ACBG)
      with aneurysmectomy was performed on 10 patients. Clinical symptoms in LVA
      patients were angina (34%), congestive heart failure (31.8%), arrhythmia (29.5%),
      mitral regurgitation (9%), embolism (4%) and septal perforation (2.3%).
      Distribution of coronary arterial lesions were single vessel (isolated LAD) 29.5%
      and multiple vessel 59%. Parameters of LV performance measured at baseline in all
      LVA patients were: CI 3.05 +/- 0.64 L/min/m2, LVEDP 19.0 +/- 3.5 mmHg, LVEDV
      200.6 +/- 25.9 ml, diast. wall stress 50.7 +/- 16.8 g/cm2, EF 0.46 +/- 0.15, LV
      dp/dt/p 17.8 +/- 2.1 S-1, SWI 61 +/- 24 gm/m2. LV performance after surgery
      showed clear decreases in LVEDP, LVEDV and wall stress (p less than 0.05, p less
      than 0.02 and p less than 0.02, respectively). In contrast, EF, LV dp/dt/p and
      SWI increased significantly (p less than 0.02, p less than 0.1 and p less than
      0.01, respectively). Comparison of the results of restudy with first
      catheterization data in the N-S group showed decreases of EF, contractility index
      and LV dp/dt/p, each reaching p less than 0.1. Residual myocardial motion 1 year
      after the first cineangiographic study showed a significant decrease (-12.8 +/-
      26.7%) in the N-S group, whereas in the S group it significantly increased to
      (+60.4 +/- 52.7%). A significant difference in coefficient of variation between N
      S and S groups was found. Thus, it can be concluded that aneurysmectomy or
      concomitant myocardial revascularization with aneurysmectomy improves left
      ventricular diastolic performance and increases residual myocardial viability.

PMID- 3874297
TI  - [Surface marker studies on lymphoma and leukemia cells with microcytotoxicity
      test using the UCLA Monoclonal Antibody Tray 5].
AB  - Surface marker studies of lymphoid malignancies are important in predicting the
      prognosis. We have investigated surface marker studies on lymphoma and leukemia
      cells with a new method of a microcytotoxicity test using monoclonal antibodies.
      The microcytotoxicity test (UCLA Monoclonal Antibody Tray 5) has the advantages
      of being performed in a few hours with an easy technique. The results showed that
      T-cell lymphomas and B-cell lymphomas could be clearly differentiated by
      monoclonal antibodies specific to T or B cells, respectively. Leukemia cells of
      ALL and AML were also tested for several monoclonal antibodies. However, the
      problem that most of the monoclonal antibodies used in this tray have not been
      characterized for specificity has yet to be solved.

PMID- 3874298
TI  - [Determination of surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells using flow cytometry.
      (I)].

PMID- 3874299
TI  - [A study on autoantibodies including anti-nDNA, anti-RNP and anti-Sm antibody in
      various autoimmune diseases].

PMID- 3874300
TI  - [Population attributable risk percent (PAR) of obesity in essential
      hypertension].

PMID- 3874301
TI  - [Postoperative human body temperature rhythm].

PMID- 3874302
TI  - Distribution of PiM subtypes in Yamanashi Prefecture.

PMID- 3874303
TI  - [Immunosuppressive factors in sera from children with nephrotic syndrome. Their
      effects on B cell function].

PMID- 3874304
TI  - [N-13 ammonia myocardial positron computed tomography--(1) Comparative study with
      thallium-201 SPECT].

PMID- 3874305
TI  - [N-13 ammonia myocardial positron computed tomography--(2) Evaluation of serial
      change in the lung and the myocardium].

PMID- 3874306
TI  - [Development of a new phantom for evaluation of SPECT performance].

PMID- 3874307
TI  - [Evaluation of STA-MCA anastomosis using N-isopropyl-p-[123I] iodoamphetamine
      brain imaging--a case report].

PMID- 3874308
TI  - [Clinical assessment of cerebral blood flow image using N-isopropyl-p
      [123I]iodoamphetamine (IMP) and single photon emission computed tomography
      (SPECT)].

PMID- 3874309
TI  - [An attenuation correction method of single photon emission computed tomography
      using gamma ray transmission CT].

PMID- 3874310
TI  - [Progress in pain therapy: acupuncture (including acupuncture anesthesia and
      percutaneous electrotherapy].

PMID- 3874312
TI  - [POS (problem oriented system)].

PMID- 3874311
TI  - [Reye's syndrome and antipyretics].

PMID- 3874313
TI  - [Introduction and practical application of the POS (problem-oriented system) at
      the ICU of our hospital].

PMID- 3874314
TI  - Gravimetric, histological and cytotoxic changes of lymphoreticular tissue after
      implantation of tumor cells in mice.
AB  - In inbred C3H/He male mice, gravimetric, histologic and cytotoxic changes in the
      lymphoreticular tissue after implantation of the tumor cells were studied.
      Gravimetric changes found in the thymus and the spleen suggest that the thymus
      plays an essential role until death in a tumor-bearing host and that the thymus
      and the spleen have inverse functions in relation to tumor growth. In this study,
      no association was found between the large pyroninophilic cells in the deep
      cortex of the lymph nodes and the cytotoxicity against the tumor cells. However,
      enlargement of the deep cortex of lymph nodes may be associated with cytotoxicity
      against these tumor cells.

PMID- 3874315
TI  - [A case report of a recovery from acute cortical necrosis].

PMID- 3874316
TI  - Occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii in animals in Japan.

PMID- 3874317
TI  - [Emergency surgery in complications of cancer of the abdominal organs].

PMID- 3874318
TI  - [Meckel's diverticulum--the causes of prolonged and severe hemorrhages from the
      intestinal tract].

PMID- 3874319
TI  - Diagnostic significance of IgG-synthesizing activated B cells in acute
      inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system.
AB  - An immunohistological technique was used to identify activated, i.e. IgG
      synthesizing, B cells in cerebrospinal fluid. A total of 177 patients suffering
      from inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system were investigated.
      Activated B cells were found in 61% of patients with bacterial meningitis,
      especially in lethal or prolonged cases. The number of activated B lymphocytes
      was low in most cases of viral meningitis, whereas in tick-borne
      meningopolyneuritis Bannwarth, a very strong B cell activation was detectable. In
      all inflammatory diseases investigated, the B cell response was restricted to the
      mononuclear phase. Comparing the number of activated B cells and the amount of
      locally synthesized IgG, there was a loose correlation between these inflammation
      parameters in meningopolyneuritis Bannwarth. In acute viral and bacterial
      meningitis more than 50% of the patients exhibited activated B cells without any
      detectable intrathecal IgG synthesis.

PMID- 3874320
TI  - Lymph nodes of the N:NIH(S)II-nu/nu mouse.
AB  - In N:NIH(S)II-nu/nu mice, which express the nu and the Xid genes, T and B
      lymphocytes are deleted. We studied their lymph nodes in the light of new
      knowledge of the morphology of the nodes of normal and athymic animals.
      Histologic preparations of the nodes from various anatomical sites were analyzed
      in 9-week-old mice. Node sections were also stained for IgM or IgG. The study
      revealed that, the frameworks of the peripheral cortex, the deep cortex, and the
      medulla were developed in these nodes, although they were quite devoid of
      lymphocytes or plasmocytes. However, the outermost (or subsinus) layer of the
      peripheral cortex of some nodes was populated with lymphocytes. In some cervical
      nodes, a few follicles, lymphocyte clusters, and a well-developed plasmocyte
      population were also present. The lymphocytes of the subsinus layer and the
      clusters were B cells with an increased expression of IgM. The modifications of
      these nodes are discussed on the basis of recently developed concepts of node
      functioning.

PMID- 3874321
TI  - Immunoglobulin E-mediated degranulation of isolated human lung mast cells.
AB  - We used an ultrastructural approach to analyze morphologic changes in isolated
      human lung mast cells during IgE-induced degranulation. We found that after
      stimulation with anti-IgE, mast cell cytoplasmic granules became swollen, their
      complex matrix patterns became altered, and their membranes fused to produce
      chains of granules which enlarged to become tortuous cytoplasmic degranulation
      channels. These channels eventually opened to the surface of the cell at multiple
      points in the circumference of the cell. Loss of altered granule matrix occurred
      in the absence of extrusion of formed granules or granular structures to the
      exterior of the cell. As channels opened to the exterior a remarkable activation
      of cell surface occurred. This was initially characterized by elongation and
      increasing complexity of surface processes. At later times, many free membranes
      were found adjacent to small mast cells which had diminished granule numbers and
      smooth surfaces. All of these changes were seen in morphologically undamaged
      cells and constitute a readily recognizable sequence of IgE-induced release
      events in isolated human lung mast cells.

PMID- 3874322
TI  - Studies on confirmation of cannabis use. I. Determination of the cannabinoid
      contents in marijuana cigarette, tar, and ash using high performance liquid
      chromatography with electrochemical detection.
AB  - A high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD)
      method was used for the highly sensitive and simultaneous determination of free
      cannabinoids and cannabinoic acids without derivatization. The HPLC-ECD method
      was linear from 5 to 500 ng/injection for all cannabinoids (THC, CBN, CBD, CBCh,
      THCA, CBDA, and CBChA). The detection limits of this method were 0.5 to 0.9
      ng/injection for free cannabinoids and 1.2 to 2.5 ng/injection for cannabinoic
      acids at signal noise ratio of greater than 4. Cannabinoic contents in marijuana
      cigarettes and in tar and ash obtained by using an automatic smoking machine were
      measured by this method. Consequently, 62% of the sum of THC and THCA in the
      marijuana cigarette was converted to tar and 2.0% of that was left in the ash.

PMID- 3874323
TI  - Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Tennessee from 1977-1981. A review of statistical
      analysis.

PMID- 3874324
TI  - A 5 1/2 year experience with the St. Jude Medical cardiac valve prosthesis. Early
      and late results of 737 valve replacements in 671 patients.
AB  - Between June 12, 1978, and June 12, 1983, 737 St. Jude Medical valves were
      implanted in 671 patients (431 males, 240 females) ranging in age from 9 months
      to 82 years (mean 55 years); 16 of these patients (2.3%) were less than or equal
      to 15 years and 82 (12.2%) were greater than or equal to 70 years. Associated
      procedures were performed in 28.2% of the 500 aortic valve replacements, 13.3% of
      the 105 mitral valve replacements, and 10.6% of the 66 double mitral and aortic
      valve replacements. Hospital mortality (less than or equal to 30 days) was 3.6%
      (18/500 patients) for aortic, 4.7% (5/105 patients) for mitral, and 0% for double
      valve replacement. Only one of these 23 hospital deaths was possibly valve
      related. Complete follow-up was achieved during December, 1983, and January,
      1984, to provide a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Follow-up has been 100% for a
      total of 1,619 patient-years, with a mean follow-up of 2 1/2 years. There were 41
      late deaths (6.1%): 30 in the aortic group, eight in the mitral group, and three
      in the double valve replacement group. Fourteen (34.2%) of these late deaths have
      been considered valve-related. At 5 1/2 years, the actuarial survival rate,
      hospital mortality excluded, is 91% for aortic, 90% for mitral, and 95% for
      double valve replacement. Functional improvement of these patients is quite
      satisfactory: Preoperatively, 60.3% were in Class III or IV of the New York Heart
      Association, whereas postoperatively, 99.5% of the patients are in Class I or II.
      As 78 patients (65 aortic, 10 mitral, and three double valve replacement) did not
      receive anticoagulation therapy for a total period of 84 patient-years, the
      incidence of valve thrombosis, systemic embolism, and sudden or suspicious deaths
      in this group was compared with that in a group of 630 patients (including 60
      patients from the first group who were given anticoagulants afterwards) subjected
      to long-term anticoagulation for a total period of 1,535 patient-years. A
      significantly higher incidence of valve thrombosis and systemic embolism was
      observed in the absence of anticoagulation. Anticoagulant-related complications
      occurred in 10 patients, with an incidence of 0.65/100 patient-years. On the
      basis of this 5 1/2 years of experience, the St. Jude Medical valve appears to be
      an excellent mechanical prosthesis for cardiac valve replacement, in terms of
      hemodynamic performance and low thrombogenicity, in patients receiving
      anticoagulants.

PMID- 3874325
TI  - The effect of body temperature on leukocyte kinetics during cardiopulmonary
      bypass.
AB  - Leukocyte kinetics were investigated in 22 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary
      bypass to determine the nature of the changes in the white blood cell count
      associated with this procedure. Both polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes
      were taken up by the lung as pulmonary blood flow was lowered, but only
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes were taken up as blood flow was restored. The
      complement 3a level was increased approximately twice the control value within 2
      minutes of going on bypass and remained elevated throughout the procedure. The
      peripheral white blood cell count doubled during the bypass procedure owing to a
      release of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and their precursors from the bone
      marrow. The increase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes was prevented by
      hyperthermia but reappeared quickly when the body temperature was restored to 36
      degrees to 37 degrees C.

PMID- 3874326
TI  - The proliferative effects of human GM-CSF alpha and beta and murine G-CSF in
      microwell cultures of fractionated human marrow cells.
AB  - Blast cell-enriched and promyelocyte-myelocyte-enriched fractions of human marrow
      were prepared by fluorescence-activated cell sorting using an antineutrophil
      monoclonal antiserum. Cells from both fractions proliferated in microwell
      cultures when stimulated by placental or bladder cancer cell conditioned medium
      containing colony stimulating factor. Semipurified preparations of both GM-CSF
      alpha and beta from bladder cancer cell conditioned medium were effective
      proliferative stimuli for both cell populations. Pure murine G-CSF, GM-CSF, M-CSF
      and Multi-CSF failed to stimulate detectable proliferation in blast cell
      fractions containing granulocyte-monocyte progenitors. However, G-CSF was an
      effective proliferative stimulus for human promyelocytes and myelocytes leading
      to the formation of differentiating granulocytic progeny. G-CSF also stimulated
      the proliferation of human promyelocytic leukemic cells. Promyelocyte-myelocyte
      enriched fractions of human marrow appear to be useful target cells for
      monitoring the proliferative effects of human-active CSFs in microwell cultures.

PMID- 3874327
TI  - Isoenzyme studies in human leukemia-lymphoma cells lines--II. Acid phosphatase.
AB  - This report describes the qualitative acid phosphatase (acP) isoenzyme profiles
      detected in permanent human hematopoietic cell lines. The acP activity was
      separated into its isoenzymes by isoelectric focusing on horizontal thin-layer
      polyacrylamide gels. The pattern of acP isoenzyme was investigated in a total of
      86 cell lines. These cell lines were classified into five groups on the basis of
      their phenotypes characterized in the multiple marker analysis: 74 leukemia
      lymphoma cell lines (26 T-, 34 B-, 6 myelomonocytic, 8 Non-T, Non-B cell lines)
      and 12 so-called 'normal' Epstein-Barr virus transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell
      lines. Their immunological features had been analysed in detail by use of a large
      panel of poly- and monoclonal antibodies which led to a further subclassification
      into stages of differentiation. A progressive increase in number and staining
      intensity of the isoenzymes which paralleled the expression of surface markers at
      different stages of differentiation along their developmental pathway was seen in
      the T- and B-leukemia-lymphoma cell lines. Some cell lines whose isoenzyme
      profiles did not correspond to the stage of differentiation as evidenced by
      surface antigen analysis might represent good examples of deranged gene
      expression in otherwise normally programmed malignant cells, i.e. in our study a
      mismatch between the isoenzymatic and immunological phenotypes. The tartrate
      resistant isoenzyme was detected in 9 out of 74 leukemia-lymphoma cell lines (4 T
      , 2 B-, 1 myelomonocytic, 2 Non-T, Non-B cell lines) and in 10 out of 12 normal B
      lymphoblastoid cell lines; the only one studied hairy cell leukemia cell line did
      not express this isoenzyme. The relative specificity of the tartrate-resistant
      acP is discussed in detail. No leukemia-lymphoma specific isoenzyme or an
      additional isoenzyme which was not seen in normal hematopoietic cells could be
      observed. Nor did we find an isoenzyme or isoenzyme pattern characteristic for a
      certain cell lineage. This underlines the necessity of a combined analysis using
      markers from different disciplines in the 'multiple marker analysis' in order to
      accurately characterize normal and malignant blood cells. Furthermore, our
      results support the concept of maturation arrest at particular stages of
      differentiation together with the theory of normal gene expression in leukemic
      cells equivalent to that in their normal counterparts.

PMID- 3874328
TI  - Isoenzyme studies in human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines--IV. Lactate
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - Isoelectric focusing (IEF) in horizontal polyacrylamide gels has been used to
      separate lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes in 97 human permanent
      hematopoietic cell lines (85 leukemia-lymphoma cell lines and 12 'normal' B
      lymphoblastoid cell lines). Maximally 8 LDH bands were seen; the
      electrophoretically detectable bands 4 and 5 could be separated by IEF into 2 and
      3 isoenzymes, respectively. The LDH patterns have been found to vary both in
      number of isoenzymes and in relative intensity in different cell lines depending
      upon the stage at which arrest of differentiation occurred. These differences can
      be used to analyse and distinguish different cell lines. The method should
      provide a valuable supplement to the enzymatic phenotyping and complete
      characterization of fresh and cultured leukemias and for the monitoring of
      phenotypic changes occurring during induction of differentiation.

PMID- 3874329
TI  - The antitumour effect of doxycycline on a T-cell leukaemia in the rat.
AB  - Previous studies showed that T-lymphoid cells are permeable to the tetracyclines,
      whereas B-lymphoid and erythroid cells are not. The tetracyclines impair
      mitochondrial protein synthesis if they have access to cells. Inhibition of
      mitochondrial protein synthesis during a number of cell cycles results, as a
      consequence, in proliferation arrest. The tetracyclines can therefore be
      considered as cytostatics. In the present study the effect of prolonged treatment
      with doxycycline on the growth of a T-cell type leukaemia of the rat was
      investigated. It is shown that doxycycline treatment inhibits not only tumour
      cell proliferation, but leads moreover to complete tumour eradication. The way by
      which the latter is achieved depends on the doxycycline concentration and,
      surprisingly, on the stage of tumour progression at which doxycycline
      administration is started. As, because of the permeability barrier, the
      proliferation of erythroid and B-lymphoid cells is not affected by the
      tetracyclines, the tetracyclines may provide a tool without serious side-effects
      in the therapy of T-type tumours.

PMID- 3874330
TI  - The sensitivity to methylnitrosourea-induced T-cell leukemogenesis in mice is
      modified by the injection of hydrocortisone.
AB  - T-cell leukemias were induced in adult BDF1 mice by a single i.v. injection of
      methylnitrosourea (MNU). Leukemogenesis was delayed by a single or repeated
      injections of hydrocortisone (HC) after MNU and also when HC was given one day
      before MNU. Enhancement of leukemogenesis was seen in experiments with 10 and 14
      days' intervals between HC and MNU. The T-cell subset composition of the thymus
      after HC treatment was studied at these time intervals, but a specific target
      cell for the action of MNU, reduced one day after HC and increased in number
      during the thymic regeneration at 10 and 14 days could not be defined. HC did not
      prohibit the toxic action of MNU as measured by hemopoietic stem cell numbers in
      the femur.

PMID- 3874331
TI  - Epidemiological and immunological characteristics of childhood leukaemia in The
      Netherlands: population-based data from a nationwide co-operative group of
      paediatricians.
AB  - In this review results are presented from several population-based
      epidemiological and immunological studies of children with leukaemia in The
      Netherlands, who were diagnosed between 1973 and 1982 through a nationwide co
      operative group of paediatricians. From 1973 till 1980 annual incidence rates
      appeared to be 3.1 per 10(5) person-yr. No significant trend was observed in this
      period. However a preliminary analysis of patients in the 1980-1982 period showed
      an increase. Mortality rates are decreasing since 1973, as expected. Incidence
      rates and proportions of different morphological and immunological subtypes
      reflect the pattern of occurrence in populations with a high standard of living.
      A relatively high incidence rate of acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) is observed
      with a peak at the age of 3-5. The proportion of patients with T-cell phenotype
      among ALL-patients, immunologically typed between 1979 and 1982, appeared to
      increase with age, while the proportion of common ALL decreased. Statistical
      analysis of the data of patients with ALL in the Western part of the country
      including areas with nuclear plants, gave no indication for the presence of
      clustering. Subclassification of childhood leukaemia (CL), notably ALL, may be
      necessary for obtaining more specific etiologic clues. In view of the incidence
      of CL and ALL large scale, immunological and epidemiological investigations of
      CL, and the related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, preferably population-based, are
      necessary.

PMID- 3874332
TI  - Preliminary communication on leukaemia cell markers in Kenya.

PMID- 3874333
TI  - Immunophenotypic classification of lymphoblastic leukaemia and lymphocytic
      lymphoma--an experience in the south-western area of the Cape Province of South
      Africa.
AB  - Adequate tumour material was obtained for phenotypic classification using a
      standard library of monoclonal antibodies from 81 previously untreated patients
      with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), or
      lymphocytic lymphoma (LL). Sixty-one individuals were adults and 20 were children
      of 14 yr or younger. Fifty-eight of the patients (72%) had acute lymphoblastic
      leukaemia and the remaining 23 (28%) had chronic lymphocytic leukaemia or
      lymphocytic lymphoma. Considering only the patients with acute lymphoblastic
      leukaemia (n = 58) the median age was 19 yr (range 3-69 yr): 9% were black, 43%
      were coloured, 48% were white, and the distribution between adult (n = 38) and
      paediatric patients (n = 20) was comparable. Complete remission rate in the
      adults was 58% and in the paediatric group 85%. For the total group (n = 58)
      median duration of survival was 59 weeks for common, 39 weeks for null, 63 weeks
      for T-ALL, and 13 weeks for B-ALL subtypes. In both the common and the null
      groups overall and disease-free survival was superior in the children. In
      contrast, no difference was evident in the T-ALL group, which was also notable
      for its high incidence in young coloured males. The 15 patients with CLL and
      eight with LL were adults and all the cells were phenotypically of B lineage: in
      view of the small numbers no comments are possible about ethnic differences. A
      multi-centre collaborative study is needed to define the epidemiology of
      haematologic malignancy in South Africa, with emphasis on differences among
      ethnically distinct subpopulations.

PMID- 3874334
TI  - Childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the Campania region of Italy,
      1980-1984.

PMID- 3874335
TI  - Epidemiology and immunological phenotype of childhood ALL in Greece.

PMID- 3874336
TI  - Epidemiologic and immunologic characteristics of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
      and adult T-cell leukaemia in Japan.

PMID- 3874337
TI  - Leukaemia and lymphoma in Malaysia.

PMID- 3874338
TI  - Thermal injury and induced thermotolerance in rat lymph nodes.
AB  - Immersion of the rat's hind limb in water at 45 degrees or 46 degrees C for one
      hour caused a severe burn of the extremity, including the popliteal lymph node.
      Pretreatment one day in advance at 45 degrees C for 15 minutes or 43 degrees C
      for one hour prevented most of the damage to lymph node and other tissues. The
      production of both thermal necrosis and thermotolerance were direct effects of
      heat on the lymph node. The distribution of necrosis in the lymph node (greatest
      in the subcapsular region and least in the medulla) probably relates to thermal
      gradients and not to the microstructure of the nodes, except perhaps for relative
      resistance of the medulla.

PMID- 3874339
TI  - Clinical and laboratory evaluation of the immune system.
AB  - An attempt has been made to provide the reader with an overview of the immune
      system and its clinical and laboratory evaluation. The assessment of this
      activity is aided by the realization that certain defects predispose the host to
      certain types of infection; historically then, one has a clue to the nature of
      the defect. Simple laboratory tests are available at most hospital and commercial
      laboratories, and many immune defects can be delineated through these techniques.
      Additionally, more sophisticated laboratory techniques are obtainable at
      specialized centers, although many of these studies are of research importance
      only. It is probable that over the next several years, newer technologies will
      permit an even more precise evaluation of the immune network and its defects.

PMID- 3874340
TI  - Inhibition of antibody production by 2-chloroadenosine.
AB  - The ability of 2-chloroadenosine (2Cl Ado) to modulate lymphocyte function was
      examined in culture and in vivo. Mitogenic stimulation of B cell DNA synthesis
      was antagonized by 2Cl Ado while adenosine produced both stimulations and
      inhibitions. In culture, 2Cl Ado was found to suppress antibody production to
      sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) regardless of whether the nucleoside was added at the
      initiation of culture or 48 hours after sensitization. Inhibiting adenosine
      deaminase (ADA) did not affect the response to 2Cl Ado, and 1-homocysteine
      thiolactone was found to potentiate the inhibition suggesting formation of S
      adenosylhomocysteine. Similar responses were found with adenosine provided ADA
      was inhibited. When 2Cl Ado was administered to mice 3-4 days after SRBC, a
      concentration-dependent decrease in antibody producing cells was observed. These
      data suggest that nucleosides can inhibit antibody production by inhibiting
      transmethylation reactions. 2Cl Ado appears to be an effective immunosuppressant
      without concomitant cytotoxicity both in culture and in vivo.

PMID- 3874341
TI  - Plasma levels of apoprotein B in patients with diabetes mellitus: the effect of
      glycemic control.
AB  - Patients with diabetes mellitus often exhibit abnormalities in plasma lipoprotein
      concentrations. We have examined the effect of glycemic control (as assessed by
      hemoglobin A1 levels) on the concentrations of plasma lipoproteins and
      apoproteins in 109 patients with type I diabetes mellitus. HbA1 levels showed
      positive correlations with plasma LDL-cholesterol levels (r = 0.31; P less than
      0.002) and triglyceride levels (r = 0.41; P less than 0.002), but not with HDL
      cholesterol levels. The strongest correlation was between HbA1 and plasma levels
      of apoprotein B (r = 0.57; P less than 0.001). We have also examined the effect
      of long-term improvement in glycemic control (achieved with insulin infusion pump
      therapy) on plasma lipoproteins in six patients with type I diabetes. Patients
      were followed for 5 to 12 months, with mean (+/- SD) HbA1c levels decreasing from
      11.4 +/- 2.5 to 9.1 +/- 1.8. Most, but not all, patients showed reduction in
      plasma LDL-cholesterol levels and increase in plasma HDL-cholesterol levels, but
      these did not reach statistical significance. Only the decrease in plasma apo B
      levels was statistically significant (from 112 +/- 38 mg/dL before pump therapy
      to 91 +/- 33 mg/dL at the end of the follow-up, P less than 0.05). We conclude
      that glycemic control plays an important role in regulating the levels of plasma
      LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with type I diabetes. Apoprotein B
      is a particularly sensitive indicator to alterations in glycemic control. It is
      possible that tight glycemic control may have "antiatherogenic" effects through
      reduction of apo B levels.

PMID- 3874342
TI  - Comparative activity of ceftizoxime and four other cephalosporins against gram
      negative bacteria and their sensitivity to beta-lactamases.
AB  - The in vitro activity of ceftizoxime compared with other beta-lactamase stable
      compounds was assessed against recent urinary gram negative isolates. 343
      bacterial strains were isolated from patients affected by UTI, identified by
      standard bacteriological methods and investigated for their production of beta
      lactamases by Nitrocefin test. MICs and MBCs of ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone,
      cefamandole, cefoxitin and cefotaxime were determined by a miniaturized dilution
      broth method against all beta-lactamase producing bacteria (129 out of 343).
      Sensitivity of antibiotics to beta-lactamases isolated and semi-purified by
      ultrasonic disruption and high speed centrifugation was assessed by a
      spectrophotometric method. In vitro antibacterial activity of each antibiotics
      was correlated to their sensitivity to isolated beta-lactamases. Ceftizoxime
      showed lower MIC and MBC values and lower MBC/MIC ratio than the other compounds
      against all the bacteria including Pseudomonas. Ceftizoxime was not hydrolized by
      any isolated beta-lactamase.

PMID- 3874343
TI  - Immunomodulating activities of staphylococcal enterotoxins. I. Effects on in vivo
      antibody responses and contact sensitivity reaction.
AB  - The immunomodulating effects of staphylococcal enterotoxins on in vivo immune
      responses in C57BL/6 mice were examined. Of the five serological types A (SEA),
      B, C, D, and E (SEE), only SEA and SEE markedly suppressed the antibody response
      to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) when injected 1 day before or on the day of
      immunization with SRBC. Further study of SEA revealed that it did not affect the
      antibody response to a thymus-independent antigen, salmonella flagella, but did
      affect the T-cell-mediated immune response. Contact sensitivity to
      dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) was suppressed when SEA was injected before
      sensitization or before challenge with DNFB, indicating that SEA affected both
      the afferent and efferent phases of DNFB contact sensitivity. As the suppression
      of DNFB contact sensitivity could be transferred by anti-Thy-1.2 antibody
      sensitive spleen cells of SEA injected donors into normal or DNFB-sensitized
      recipients, the suppression was thought to be an active one. However, SEA could
      augment the DNFB contact sensitivity when injected on the third day after
      sensitization with DNFB. These results indicate that the immunomodulating effects
      of SEA can be mediated by the T-cell function.

PMID- 3874344
TI  - Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine.

PMID- 3874345
TI  - [Immune system in children with opisthorchiasis before and after treatment].

PMID- 3874346
TI  - Nomograms for predicted FEV1 and FVC in children, adolescents, and adults.

PMID- 3874347
TI  - Red-cell size distribution analysis: an evaluation of microcytic anemia in
      chronically ill patients.

PMID- 3874348
TI  - An improved method to test the completeness of parietal cell vagotomy.

PMID- 3874349
TI  - Stress, pancreatic perfusion, and acute pancreatitis: a unified concept of
      pathogenesis.

PMID- 3874350
TI  - Enteropancreatic reflexes 2. The effect of jejunal distension.

PMID- 3874352
TI  - The natural history of alcoholic pancreatitis: update 1985.

PMID- 3874351
TI  - The effect of age on human exocrine pancreatic secretion.

PMID- 3874353
TI  - Preliminary observations on application of ethibloc in necrohemorrhagic acute
      pancreatitis in humans.

PMID- 3874354
TI  - Azathioprine experience in severe, generalized, recalcitrant myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 3874355
TI  - Inferior vena cava interruption.

PMID- 3874356
TI  - Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: the importance of a chest radiograph in
      children with unexplained anemia.

PMID- 3874357
TI  - Venous air embolism: case report and review.

PMID- 3874358
TI  - Abdominal pregnancy causing massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding: case report.

PMID- 3874359
TI  - Recurrent nephropathy associated with heroin use.

PMID- 3874360
TI  - Aggressive juvenile fibromatosis.

PMID- 3874361
TI  - Brain biopsy: risks, benefits, and indications.

PMID- 3874362
TI  - Profile of a successful hospital clinical parasitology laboratory.

PMID- 3874363
TI  - Interventional radiology of the biliary tree: introduction.

PMID- 3874364
TI  - Percutaneous transhepatic removal of a giant bile-duct stone.

PMID- 3874365
TI  - Percutaneous transhepatic dilation of a choledochoenterostomy stricture.

PMID- 3874366
TI  - Percutaneous transhepatic placement of a biliary endoprosthesis.

PMID- 3874367
TI  - Bacterial arthritis.

PMID- 3874368
TI  - Comparison of coronary artery bypass surgery and medical therapy in patients 65
      years of age or older. A nonrandomized study from the Coronary Artery Surgery
      Study (CASS) registry.
AB  - We compared the results of coronary artery bypass surgery with those of medical
      therapy alone in 1491 nonrandomized patients 65 years of age or older. Cumulative
      survival at six years (adjusted for major differences in important base-line
      characteristics) was 79 per cent in the surgical group and 64 per cent in the
      medical group (P less than 0.0001). At five years, chest pain was absent in 62
      per cent of the surgical group and 29 per cent of the medical group (P less than
      0.0001). Analysis by the Cox proportional-hazards model suggested an independent
      beneficial effect of surgery on survival (P less than 0.0001). Patients were
      divided into risk quartiles on the basis of preoperative predictors of survival
      identified by the Cox model. Surgical benefit was greatest in "high-risk"
      patients (those in the two quartiles containing patients with the poorest
      prognosis). Among 234 "low-risk" patients with mild angina, relatively good
      ventricular function, and no left main coronary artery disease, there was no
      survival difference between those treated medically and those treated surgically.
      We conclude that in specific higher-risk subsets of non-randomized patients 65
      years of age or older, coronary bypass surgery appeared to improve survival and
      symptoms in comparison with medical therapy alone. These conclusions must be
      tempered by consideration of the limitations of nonrandomized studies,
      particularly since patients in the two treatment groups differed substantially
      with regard to important base-line characteristics.

PMID- 3874369
TI  - Thymocyte subpopulation enriched for progenitors with an unrearranged T-cell
      receptor beta-chain gene.
AB  - The development of T cells within the thymus is not well understood. It is known
      that thymocytes are derived from a progenitor cell in the bone marrow, the
      prothymocyte, and that cells in the subcapsular area of the thymus can give rise
      to progeny in both the cortex and the medulla. However, it is not clear whether
      all medullary thymocytes are necessarily derived from cortical cells. In
      particular, it has been difficult to distinguish intrathymic progenitor cells.
      Recently, however, Lesley et al. have defined a thymocyte subpopulation which can
      be isolated by treatment of the thymus with cytotoxic anti-Thy-1 antibodies and
      that seems to be enriched for thymocyte progenitors as measured first by its
      ability to repopulate transiently the thymus of an irradiated host, and second,
      by its high content of cells bearing Pgp-1 (refs 10, 11), a cell-surface
      glycoprotein of relative molecular mass 95,000 that is present on most or all
      prothymocytes of the bone marrow and on fetal thymocytes, but on only a few per
      cent of cells in the adult thymus. We show here that the gene encoding the beta
      chain of the T-cell receptor for antigen, which is rearranged during T-cell
      ontogeny, is predominantly in the germline configuration in these cells.

PMID- 3874370
TI  - [Seronegative ("reactive") arthritis; bacterial cell envelope antigens with cross
      reactions against HLA-B27].

PMID- 3874371
TI  - Accessory nerve neurinoma mimicking a brain stem tumor on angiography: report of
      a case.
AB  - A case of accessory nerve neurinoma presenting with a so-called "intraaxial mass
      sign" on the angiograms is reported. The tumor originated from the intracranial
      portion of the accessory nerve and displaced the lateral medullary segment of the
      posterior inferior cerebellar artery posterolaterally. The displacement of the
      artery can be understood by the microanatomical relations.

PMID- 3874372
TI  - Regional cerebral oxygen utilization, blood flow, and blood volume in benign
      intracranial hypertension studied by positron emission tomography.
AB  - Using PET, we measured regional cerebral oxygen utilization, oxygen extraction,
      blood flow, and blood volume in five patients with benign intracranial
      hypertension. No significant differences in regional cerebral function were found
      between the patients and 15 age-matched normal controls. Cerebral decompression
      with a lumboperitoneal shunt produced little change in regional cerebral function
      in one patient studied serially. The raised CSF pressure of benign intracranial
      hypertension is therefore not associated with any significant deterioration in
      cerebral oxygen metabolism or hemodynamics.

PMID- 3874373
TI  - Permanent human parkinsonism due to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
      (MPTP): seven cases.
AB  - Seven patients developed chronic and severe parkinsonism after repeatedly
      injecting 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intravenously.
      Levodopa and bromocriptine controlled the symptoms; however, within months, five
      of the seven patients experienced dyskinesias or on-off fluctuations. Therefore,
      neither prolonged levodopa treatment nor progressive disease was necessary for on
      off phenomena. Because the neurotoxic effects of MPTP seem limited to the
      substantia nigra, damage to this system alone may produce all the motor features
      of Parkinson's disease. MPTP differs from other neurotoxins in that it
      consistently produces a pure parkinsonian state.

PMID- 3874374
TI  - [Supraventricular cardiac arrhythmia after aorto-coronary bypass interventions].

PMID- 3874376
TI  - [Therapy of atrial flutter by high-frequency atrial stimulation].

PMID- 3874375
TI  - [Efficacy of mexiletine in the long-term treatment of exertion arrhythmia].

PMID- 3874377
TI  - [Cicatrization of wounds: the protective effect of fibrin glue?].

PMID- 3874378
TI  - Afferent innervation of extraocular muscles in the rat studied by retrograde and
      anterograde horseradish peroxidase transport.
AB  - After injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into extraocular muscles of rat
      perikarya were labeled mainly along the medial edge of the ophthalmic subdivision
      of the trigeminal ganglion but not in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal
      nerve. Injections of HRP into the trigeminal ganglion labeled simple as well as
      branching and meandering free fiber endings in extraocular muscles. No evidence
      for muscle spindles was found, but the meandering endings may be considered as
      candidates for stretch receptors.

PMID- 3874379
TI  - [Pseudotumors of the orbit (data of the Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of
      Ophthalmology)].

PMID- 3874380
TI  - [Surgical treatment method for exogenous suppurative iridocyclitis].

PMID- 3874381
TI  - Fine structure of the lingual dorsal surface of the bullfrog.

PMID- 3874382
TI  - Ocular involvement in patients with fungal infections.
AB  - Autopsy findings of 133 patients who died following fungemia or with invasive
      fungal infection were reviewed. Common clinical factors included antibiotic
      therapy, chemotherapy, corticosteroid administration, hyperalimentation,
      malignancy, and bone marrow transplantation. Fungal infection was seldom
      diagnosed antemortem and fungemia was detected in only 24 patients (18%). Ocular
      involvement occurred in 14 patients (Candida 11, Aspergillus 2, and Cryptococcus
      1). The eye was the fifth most commonly involved organ at autopsy among patients
      with candida infection. Ocular involvement occurred with a significantly greater
      frequency in patients with Candida tropicalis than with Candida albicans
      infections (P less than 0.05). Although only about 10% of patients with fungal
      infections had ocular involvement, all those with ocular lesions had widely
      disseminated disease. Realizing the potential toxicity of antifungal therapy, we
      recommend that screening ophthalmologic examinations be performed on patients
      with fungemia or patients at high risk for development of fungal infection. The
      presence of ocular lesions consistent with fungal disease, in the appropriate
      setting, is a strong indication for investigation of possible systemic fungal
      infection and therapy once a definitive diagnosis is established.

PMID- 3874383
TI  - Musculoskeletal applications of three-dimensional surface reconstructions.
AB  - We have applied computer programs originally developed for craniofacial surgical
      planning and evaluation to complex musculoskeletal problems. These computer
      programs reformat ordinary CT scans into black and white images of the three
      dimensional osseous surfaces found in the scanned volume. These reformatted three
      dimensional CT scan images increase the utility of CT scan examinations of
      complex osseous structures, such as the wrist, spine, hip, knee, and shoulder.
      The software, which operates on an unmodified commercially available CT scanner,
      can produce high-quality surface reconstructions from CT scan slices without
      operator intervention. No special knowledge of the principles used in the
      reconstruction methods is needed to successfully use the programs.

PMID- 3874384
TI  - [Alph-1-antitrypsin deficiency].

PMID- 3874385
TI  - Neuroradiologic evaluation of patients with central auditory lesions.
AB  - CT and MR imaging have revolutionized diagnostic medical imaging. MR scanning in
      particular is the method of choice to evaluate the CP angle lesion or other
      posterior fossa lesion. With CT pneumocisternography, neurovascular structures of
      the internal auditory canal and lesions can be visualized. Experience indicates
      that MR scanning will replace CT.

PMID- 3874386
TI  - Plant ingestions in children.

PMID- 3874387
TI  - Rabies in Pennsylvania.

PMID- 3874388
TI  - Sequential changes in the antimicrobial protein concentrations in human milk
      during lactation and its relevance to banked human milk.
AB  - The concentrations of eight antimicrobial proteins, 11S IgA, IgG, IgM, alpha 1
      antitrypsin, lactoferrin, lysozyme, C3, and C4 were measured in sequential
      samples of colostrum, transitional and mature milk from 47 women in Merseyside,
      England by single radial immunodiffusion. Concentrations were highest in
      colostrum and then declined until relatively stable concentrations were reached
      in mature milk. A wide variation in protein concentrations was noted in the milk
      from different individuals at any given postpartum time interval and this was
      particularly so during the first 4 days postpartum. The decline in individual
      antimicrobial protein concentrations seen in samples of transitional milk
      appeared to take a variable period of time to stabilize to mature milk
      concentrations of each protein. These variations may reflect different rates of
      transport or secretion of these proteins from the alveolar epithelial cells into
      the alveolar lumen. Because of the wide variations in antimicrobial proteins
      observed in milk samples from the individuals in this study at similar postpartum
      time intervals, it is suggested that banked milk should be monitored not only for
      bacterial contamination, but also for levels of antimicrobial proteins, if it is
      considered that a major advantage of unprocessed human milk is the immune
      protection which it confers.

PMID- 3874389
TI  - Bacterial etiology of conjunctivitis-otitis media syndrome.
AB  - Simultaneous cultures of conjunctivae and middle ear exudates were obtained from
      20 episodes of the syndrome of purulent conjunctivitis and otitis media. Paired
      cultures from 18 episodes yielded Haemophilus influenzae at both sites. In two
      cases with prior topical antibacterial therapy of the conjunctivitis, H
      influenzae was isolated from the middle ear exudate only. Biotyping and outer
      membrane protein analysis of H influenzae isolates from five patients
      demonstrated that: conjunctival and middle ear strains were concordant in all
      cases, and all five patients had different strains. The conjunctivitis-otitis
      media syndrome is most often caused by strains of nontypable H influenzae of
      diverse clonotype.

PMID- 3874391
TI  - The effect of phenylalanine on the electrical properties of proximal tubule cells
      in the frog kidney.
AB  - The present study was designed to elucidate the effects of sodium-coupled
      transport on the electrical properties of proximal tubule cells in the isolated
      perfused frog kidney. Cable analysis techniques have been employed to determine
      the resistance of the luminal and peritubular cell membranes in parallel (Rm) and
      the apparent ratio of the luminal over the peritubular cell membrane resistance
      (VDR). Furthermore, the sensitivity of the potential difference across the
      peritubular cell membrane (PDpt) to 6-fold increases of peritubular potassium
      concentration (delta PDk) was taken as a measure of the relative potassium
      conductance of this membrane. In the absence of luminal phenylalanine, PDpt
      amounts to -60 +/- 1 mV (n = 90), Rm to 36 +/- 3 k omega cm (n = 22), VDR to 1.81
      +/- 0.14 (n = 20), and delta PDk to 15.0 +/- 0.9 mV (n = 25). The application of
      10 mmol/l phenylalanine replacing 10 mmol/l raffinose leads to a rapid (within 30
      s) depolarisation of PDpt to 50 +/- 5% of its control value and to a delayed
      (within 12 min) recovery to 95 +/- 5% of control. The rapid depolarisation is
      associated with a decline of Rm and VDR, indicating a decrease mainly of the
      luminal cell membrane resistance. During recovery of PDpt there is a parallel
      increase of VDR and a further decline of Rm pointing to a decline of the
      basolateral cell membrane resistance. Delta PDk is decreased during rapid
      depolarisation but increases again during the recovery phase. Thus, phenylalanine
      initially decreases but then increases above control the apparent potassium
      conductance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3874390
TI  - Ouabain decreases apparent potassium-conductance in proximal tubules of the
      amphibian kidney.
AB  - According to a previous study from this laboratory, the electrochemical gradient
      for potassium across the peritubular cell membrane of proximal tubules in the
      isolated perfused frog kidney increases following the application of ouabain. In
      order to test, if this phenomenon were due to a decrease of potassium
      conductance, the effects of ouabain on cell membrane resistances and the
      sensitivity of the peritubular cell membrane potential difference (PDpt) to step
      changes of peritubular potassium and bicarbonate concentration were studied. In
      the absence of ouabain, PDpt averaged -60 +/- 3 mV (n = 25). A step increase of
      peritubular potassium concentration from 3 to 18 mmol/l (pH 8.07) depolarizes
      PDpt (delta PDk) by +24 +/- mV (n = 8). An increase of bicarbonate from 20 to 40
      mmol/l (pH 8.07) hyperpolarizes PDpt (delta PDb) by -2.8 +/- 0.4 mV (n = 9). The
      resistance of the luminal and peritubular cell membranes in parallel (Rm) amounts
      to 45 +/- 9 k omega cm (tubule length) (n = 4) and the voltage divider ratio
      (VDR) to 1.4 +/- 0.2 (n = 7). The resistance of the cellular cable (cellular
      core, Rc) approaches 131 +/- 37 M omega/cm (n = 4). Peritubular application of
      0.1 mmol/l ouabain leads to a gradual decline of PDpt (t1/2 approx. 30 min), to
      an increase of Rm, a decrease of delta PDk and an increase of delta PDb. VDR and
      Rc are not changed significantly. The data point to a functional link between the
      sodium/potassium ATPase and the potassium conductance of the peritubular cell
      membrane.

PMID- 3874392
TI  - The effect of phenylalanine on intracellular pH and sodium activity in proximal
      convoluted tubule cells of the frog kidney.
AB  - The present study was performed to test the influence of sodium coupled transport
      of neutral substrates on intracellular pH and sodium activity in proximal tubules
      of the amphibian kidney. To this end, kidneys of rana esculenta have been
      isolated and perfused both through the portal vein (peritubular capillaries) and
      the aorta (luminal perfusate). The potential difference across the peritubular
      membrane of proximal tubule cells has been reduced with conventional (PDpt) as
      well as with sodium (PDna) and hydrogen ion (PDh) selective microelectrodes
      continuously before, during, and after the luminal application of 10 mmol/l
      phenylalanine, replacing 10 mmol/l raffinose. PDh and PDna allowed the
      calculation of intracellular pH (pHi) and sodium activity (Nai), respectively. In
      the absence of phenylalanine in the tubule lumen, PDpt approximates -57.5 +/- 2.3
      mV (n = 27), pHi 7.73 +/- 0.04 (n = 14, extracellular pH 7.77), and Nai 13.3 +/-
      0.9 mmol/l (n = 13, extracellular sodium activity 74 mmol/l). Within 1 min the
      luminal application of phenylalanine leads to a depolarisation of PDpt by +32 +/-
      2 mV, as well as an increase of pHi by 0.24 +/- 0.04 and of Nai by 5.2 +/- 1.0
      mmol/l. At 8 min from luminal application of phenylalanine, Nai plateaus 5 +/- 1
      mmol/l above control value, PDpt increases again to a value of +12 +/- 2 mV below
      and pHi decreases to a value 0.04 +/- 0.07 above their respective control values.
      All changes are fully reversed after removal of phenylalanine from the tubule
      lumen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3874393
TI  - Role of myofibrillar creatine kinase in the relaxation of rigor tension in
      skinned cardiac muscle.
AB  - In the absence of creatine phosphate, MgATP produced relaxation of rigor tension
      in chemically-skinned right papillary muscles of the rat, the half maximal effect
      being obtained at 1.8 mM MgATP. In the presence of 12 mM creatine phosphate and
      250 microM ADP, a decrease in MgATP concentration even to 10(-9) M never induced
      rigor tension. At a very low MgATP concentration (10(-6) M), the half maximal
      relaxing effect was obtained with 2 mM creatine phosphate, a value close to the
      Km of isolated MM-creatine kinase for this substrate, or with 14 microM MgADP, a
      value 5 times lower than the reported Km. An exogenous MgATP regenerating system
      (phosphoenol pyruvate + pyruvate kinase) was not able to fully relax the fibres.
      When MM-creatine kinase was inhibited by fluorodinitrobenzene, the dependency of
      rigor tension on MgATP became the same as it was without creatine phosphate.
      After washing out the fluorodinitrobenzene the addition of exogenous MM-creatine
      kinase for half an hour fully relaxed rigor tension; moreover, this effect
      persisted even after prolonged washout. These results show that endogenous MM
      creatine kinase is able to ensure maximal efficiency of myosin ATPase by
      producing a localized high MgATP/MgADP ratio; they also suggest the existence of
      rapidly exchangeable binding sites for MM-creatine kinase in cardiac myofibrils.

PMID- 3874394
TI  - Determining the market for nurse practitioner services: the New Haven experience.
AB  - This study examined factors associated with the intent to use nurse practitioner
      (NP) services among 331 residents of the New Haven, Connecticut, urban area.
      Using a stratified random sample, a telephone survey was conducted to investigate
      the significance of selected socio-economic, attitudinal, cognitive, and health
      care use characteristics known to influence consumers' choices about health care
      providers and services. Applying marketing concepts, these findings indicated
      that 62% of the respondents would use NP services. Chi-square analysis and
      stepwise logistic regression indicated that dissatisfaction with present health
      care, family size, and age were the best predictors of intent to use NP services.
      Respondents believed that NP services were not different from physician services;
      they were concerned about issues of availability and cost of care. Consumers
      would seek NP care if it were covered by health insurance and if it cost less
      than physician care. Implications for designing effective marketing strategies
      and policy development are discussed.

PMID- 3874395
TI  - Trauma '85. Cirrhosis of the liver.

PMID- 3874396
TI  - [Immunoglobulins, interferon and T- and B lymphocytes in patients with bronchial
      asthma vaccinated with Alavac, Vibrio cholerae vaccine and polyvaccine].

PMID- 3874397
TI  - [Thermographic evaluation of the effectiveness of electric surface stimulation on
      skin microcirculation in various peripheral vascular diseases].

PMID- 3874398
TI  - Congenital, spontaneously regressing histiocytosis: case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - A patient had numerous skin lesions at birth and they regressed over the next few
      weeks. Results of the peripheral blood smear and bone marrow examinations were
      normal. The diagnosis of self-healing histiocytosis was substantiated by the
      clinical course and characteristic histology. This was subsequently confirmed by
      the electron microscopic finding of Langerhans' granules within the histiocytic
      cells, which were positive for S100 by immunoperoxidase.

PMID- 3874399
TI  - Small bowel capillary dilatation in portal hypertension.
AB  - A patient with small bowel capillary dilatation and cirrhosis is reported. This
      patient had persistent, unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding. Small bowel
      capillary dilatation appears to be unique to patients with portal hypertension.
      The possible role of small bowel capillary dilatation in causing gastrointestinal
      bleeding is discussed.

PMID- 3874400
TI  - Inositol trisphosphate modification of ion transport in rough endoplasmic
      reticulum.
AB  - The ion transport properties of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) from liver
      have been defined by using measurements of active and potential gradient-driven
      transport. The Ca2+ pump is shown to be electrogenic, and both ATP and potential
      difference is able to drive vanadate-inhibitable Ca2+ uptake into the RER. ATP
      dependent Ca2+ transport into the RER depends on the presence of
      tetraethylammonium-sensitive cation conductance and a furosemide-inhibited
      cation/chloride cotransport pathway. Inositol trisphosphate does not affect
      either of the monovalent ion translocation systems but activates a Ca2+
      conductance in the RER, allowing efflux of RER Ca2+ stores into the cytosol in
      exchange for K+ uptake.

PMID- 3874401
TI  - Liver mRNA probes disclose two cytochrome P-450 genes duplicated in tandem with
      the complement C4 loci of the mouse H-2S region.
AB  - A search for uncharacterized genes of the S region of the murine H-2 major
      histocompatibility complex was undertaken; a series of cosmid clones previously
      aligned by overlap hybridizations were used as radiolabeled probes. Sequences
      hybridizing with liver poly(A)+ RNA were found within a cosmid covering a region
      3' to the C4-Slp gene (the gene encoding the hemolytically inactive isoform of
      the fourth component of serum complement). Radiolabeled, short cDNA complementary
      to liver poly(A)+ RNA was used to establish the transcriptional polarity of the
      newly detected gene and to define fragments containing its 3' end. DNA sequence
      analyses and comparisons with porcine peptides established that the gene encodes
      the enzyme steroid 21-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.99.10), a cytochrome P-450 often
      referred to as P-450(C21), whose major site of expression is the adrenal gland.
      Two copies of the P-450(C21) gene, very similar yet distinguishable by
      restriction endonuclease analysis, were found individually associated with C4 and
      C4-Slp, genes that encode isoforms of mouse fourth component of complement. One
      of the P-450(C21) genes is coamplified with C4-Slp in H-2w7, a haplotype carrying
      a rare elongation of the S region. Comparisons with other members of the P-450
      gene family show that the P-450(C21) genes encode peptides of extraordinary
      evolutionary conservation. The detection of a liver transcript of P-450(C21)
      raises the issue of the specific metabolic role of this enzyme in this organ and
      may have implications for the interpretation of human congenital adrenal
      hyperplasia.

PMID- 3874402
TI  - Lack of lymphocyte-induced DNA fragmentation in human targets during lysis
      represents a species-specific difference between human and murine cells.
AB  - Significant cytotoxic lymphocyte-induced DNA fragmentation does not occur in four
      human target cells lysed by human natural killer lymphocytes, killer lymphocytes,
      or cytotoxic T lymphocytes. These results contrast with the extensive DNA
      fragmentation that occurs in murine target cells lysed by the analogous effector
      lymphocytes. Thus, DNA fragmentation, or the lack thereof, represents a species
      specific difference between human and murine cells responding to lysis by
      cytotoxic lymphocytes. The DNase activity observed in murine cells is probably
      internally activated rather than delivered by the cytotoxic effector cells, since
      human killer lymphocytes selectively caused DNA fragmentation in murine but not
      in human target cells lysed by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.

PMID- 3874403
TI  - Regulation of T-cell receptor gene expression in human T-cell development.
AB  - A cDNA clone encoding the alpha chain of the human T-cell antigen receptor was
      isolated by screening a library from the human T-cell line Jurkat with a mouse
      alpha-chain cDNA clone. This human alpha-chain clone, together with a human
      antigen receptor beta-chain cDNA clone, was used to determine the stage of T-cell
      development at which antigen receptor mRNAs first appear. Blot-hybridization
      analysis of mRNA isolated from a panel of human thymic tumor lines clearly
      demonstrated that beta-chain transcripts could be detected in all T-lineage
      cells. However, alpha-chain transcripts were only found in the most
      phenotypically mature lines, which express the antigen receptor-associated
      molecule T3. Furthermore, beta-chain transcripts were abundant in RNA prepared
      from purified T3-negative thymocytes, whereas alpha-chain transcripts were
      virtually absent. From these results we conclude that alpha-chain expression
      occurs later in thymic ontogeny than that of the beta chain and propose that it
      controls surface expression of the antigen receptor-T3 complex.

PMID- 3874404
TI  - Effects of bepridil on regional and global myocardial ischemia/reperfusion
      induced injury.
AB  - The effectiveness of the calcium entry blocker bepridil in protecting the
      myocardium from ischemic injury, was assessed in a canine model of regional
      ischemia and in a feline model of global ischemia. Bepridil administration (5
      mg/kg or 15 mg/kg/24 h intravenously) did not reduce ultimate infarct size as
      assessed in anesthetized, open-chest dogs subjected to 90 min of occlusion of the
      left circumflex coronary artery and 24 h of reperfusion. Bepridil (5 mg/kg
      administered intravenously to a blood donor cat) did not provide any protection
      of the isolated blood-perfused cat heart from 90 min of normothermic global
      ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion. Treatment of the perfused cat heart with
      bepridil did not prevent tissue accumulation of calcium or loss of tissue
      potassium and ATP. Bepridil, however, significantly reduced reperfusion
      tachyarrhythmias in the dog model for assessing ultimate infarct size and
      prevented reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation of the cat isolated heart.
      These results indicate that the calcium entry blocker, bepridil, as assessed in
      the models employed, does not protect the myocardium from ischemic reperfusion
      injury. However, it does prevent reperfusion-induced tachyarrhythmias and
      ventricular fibrillation.

PMID- 3874405
TI  - Lateralized rewarding brain stimulation affects forepaw preference in rats.
AB  - Rats trained to reach for food pellets into a narrow tubular feeder consistently
      prefer to perform this stereotype instrumental movement with either the left or
      right forepaw. In 16 rats with established handedness electrodes were implanted
      into both lateral hypothalami. The animals were rewarded by intracranial self
      stimulation (ICSS, 300 msec, 50 Hz, 20-60 microA) for reaching into a modified
      feeder for a plastic ball operandum, the movement of which between the bottom and
      entrance of the feeder was monitored by mechanical contacts. The rats readily
      continued to reach when ICSS was delivered immediately after the
      photoelectrically detected reach or after the displacement of the operandum. Most
      rats learned in a single session to modify the movement when ICSS delivery was
      made contingent upon holding the operandum between the bottom and entrance of the
      feeder for 256 or 512 msec. The efficiency of reaching (ratio of successful
      reaches to all reaches) decreased with increasing holding time; only a few
      animals were able to master a 1024 msec delay. Reaching was supported by ICSS of
      either lateral hypothalamus. Whereas in 8 rats the strongly expressed forepaw
      preference was not changed by lateralized ICSS, in 8 latently ambidextrous
      animals stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus ipsilateral to the preferred
      forepaw increased reaching with the normally non-preferred forepaw from 15% to
      60%. Stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus contralateral to the preferred
      forepaw did not change the preference. The preference shift was equally well
      expressed in simple and difficult versions of the task. It is concluded that
      lateralization of motivational influences can be reflected in the asymmetry of
      the neural mechanisms processing the lateralized sensory signals and/or
      elaborating the lateralized motor output.

PMID- 3874407
TI  - [Porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase].

PMID- 3874406
TI  - Effects of adenosine deaminase inhibitor 2'-deoxycoformycin on the repair and
      expression of potentially lethal damage sensitive to beta-araA.
AB  - The effects of 2'deoxycoformycin, a specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, on
      the repair and fixation of potentially lethal damage (PLD) sensitive to treatment
      with beta-araA, an adenosine analogue acting via inhibition of DNA polymerases
      alpha and beta, have been studied. Given after irradiation deoxycoformycin alone
      had little effect on cell survival. More damage was nevertheless fixed by a given
      concentration of beta-araA in the presence of deoxycoformycin to a degree that 35
      microM beta-araA given simultaneously with 1 microgram/ml deoxycoformycin
      produced the same effect (survival decrease to 20% of the controls) as 90 microM
      beta-araA given alone. Maximum potentiation of the beta-araA effect was observed
      at 1 microgram/ml deoxycoformycin with a slight decrease at higher
      concentrations. Combined treatment with beta-araA and deoxycoformycin reduced or
      eliminated the shoulder from the survival curve without affecting the slope, an
      effect similar to that observed after treatment of cells with beta-araA alone.
      The results indicate the importance of adenosine deaminase in the inactivation of
      nucleoside analogues and are discussed vis-a-vis the possible practical
      application of this inhibitor in both experimental and therapeutic applications.

PMID- 3874408
TI  - [Diagnostic imaging by radioisotopes. Basic (VI). Tomographic imaging by
      radioisotopes].

PMID- 3874409
TI  - [Adult human liver cells grown in a culture media containing a transforming
      factor similar to epidermal growth factor].

PMID- 3874410
TI  - [Surgery for ischemic heart disease secondary to familial hyperlipidemia].

PMID- 3874411
TI  - Space motion sickness and space vestibulology.
AB  - Given the relatively short period of the space flight missions and more
      inexperienced personnel expected to be aloft, if the time in space should be
      optimized, the critical processes which occur in the body equilibrium system
      during the period of initial exposure to space environment must be thoroughly
      investigated. It is most important that improved management of space motion
      sickness (including the prediction, prevention and countermeasures) is properly
      developed. The improvement will fully depend on advances in our research on the
      etiology and pathology of this debilitating condition.

PMID- 3874412
TI  - Epidemiological studies of health effects in commercial pilots and flight
      attendants: a review.

PMID- 3874413
TI  - [The treatment of hemorrhages due to ruptured esophageal varices in cirrhosis].

PMID- 3874414
TI  - IgG antibodies to SS-B (La), RNP/Sm and DNA are produced by PWM-stimulated normal
      human lymphocytes in culture.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from five healthy subjects and three patients with
      Sjogrens syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus were stimulated with pokeweed
      mitogen to examine the effects of polyclonal activation on the secretion of
      autoantibodies in health and disease. Antibodies to SS-B (La), RNP/Sm and DNA
      were detected in supernatants from cultures from healthy controls, in some cases
      approaching levels secreted by the patients. All secreted autoantibodies were of
      IgG class and the antigen specificity of the secreted anti-SS-B was proven by
      cross-adsorption experiments. Our results extend the range of defined
      specificities of autoreactive B cells in healthy individuals. These data argue
      against a case for physiological deletion of autoreactive B cell clones and
      support theories of their active recruitment in autoimmunity.

PMID- 3874415
TI  - [Postpartum hemorrhage].

PMID- 3874416
TI  - [Antiphospholipid antibodies, thrombosis and lupus disease. Value of the assay of
      anticardiolipin antibodies by the ELISA technic].
AB  - The authors have developed a sensitive immunoenzymatic method for assaying anti
      cardiolipin antibodies in the serum of patients with lupus (SLE). These
      antibodies were present in the serum of 43/108 SLE patients, particularly in
      those patients with either false syphilis serology (p less than 0.02) or
      circulating anticoagulant (p less than 0.05). The mean titre of anti-cardiolipin
      antibodies was higher in the group with positive VDRL (less than 0.03). The anti
      cardiolipin antibody titre was independent of the anti-native DNA antibody titre,
      but there was a correlation with the anti-denatured DNA antibody titre (p less
      than 0.02). This correlation can be partially explained by the antigenic
      similarity (phosphodiester bridge) between the two molecules. The preliminary
      clinical studies have not shown any correlation between the presence of anti
      cardiolipin antibodies and the presence of signs such as thrombocytopenia,
      haemolysis, cerebral vascular accident, venous thrombosis, recurrent abortion. A
      longitudinal study of certain patients suggests that the anti-cardiolipin
      antibodies may disappear at the time of thrombotic accidents, which induces
      fixation of these antibodies to a platelet or vascular target and as a result of
      corticosteroid therapy.

PMID- 3874417
TI  - [Muscular scanning in polyarthritis and rheumatology].
AB  - Atypical features were observed in 7 out of 120 cases of rheumatoid arthritis and
      in 3 out of 4 cases of polymyositis. A vermicular image was observed burrowing
      into the muscles, which head a "worm eaten" appearance. This series is too small
      to allow definitive conclusions, but this appearance is very different from the
      other features observed in muscular pathology such as myopathy or neurogenic
      amyotrophy. A "combed" appearance of the paravertebral muscles was also observed
      in 4 cases of rheumatoid pelvispondylitis. The authors also present several
      examples which illustrate the value of the CT scan in focal disease (lipomas,
      hydatid cysts, muscle angiomas).

PMID- 3874419
TI  - Sezary syndrome: phenotypic and functional characterization of the neoplastic
      cells.
AB  - Phenotypic properties of the neoplastic cells in skin, blood and lymph node
      specimens from 5 patients with the Sezary syndrome were examined by immuno
      enzymatic and -fluorescence labelling of cells and tissue sections with a
      monoclonal antibody panel. In 3 cases, the in vitro functional properties of the
      neoplastic cells (isolated from blood specimens) were also analysed using a
      reverse plaque-forming cell assay. 3 different immunological categories were
      identified as follows: T-helper/inducer neoplasms (3 patients); T
      suppressor/cytotoxic neoplasms (1 patient); and neoplastic T-cells demonstrating
      characteristics consistent with a concept of their derivation from inducible
      suppressor T-cells (1 patient). These data provide conclusive evidence that
      Sezary syndrome is heterogeneous with respect to the immunological
      characteristics of the neoplastic cells.

PMID- 3874418
TI  - Serum immunosuppressive acidic protein in adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL).
AB  - The availability of serum immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) as a marker of
      subtypes of adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) was examined. Serum IAP levels were
      measured in 34 patients with ATL (18 typical, 9 atypical and 7 smoldering), 7
      healthy carriers of ATLA antibody and 53 healthy controls. The mean value of
      serum IAP was significantly higher in patients with typical ATL (897.8 +/- 502.4
      micrograms/ml) than in those with atypical ATL (426.7 +/- 106.6 micrograms/l),
      smoldering ATL (310.0 +/- 51.3 micrograms/ml), healthy carriers of ATLA antibody
      (302.9 +/- 39.5 micrograms/ml) and normal controls (350.5 +/- 73.2
      micrograms/ml). Serial determinations of IAP revealed that the level was
      correlated with the clinical course in patients with ATL; there was a difference
      in the prognosis of patients with high and normal levels of IAP (P less than
      0.05). Thus, routine measurement of serum IAP seems useful in differentiating
      typical, atypical and smoldering ATL and also in evaluating the prognosis of
      patients.

PMID- 3874420
TI  - Geographical and socioeconomic distribution of high blood pressure and borderline
      high blood pressure in a Swedish rural county.
AB  - This report on "high" blood pressure (HBP) and "borderline high" blood pressure
      (BHBP) is based on a cross-sectional study in a rural Swedish county. The study
      was initiated in the Spring of 1977, selecting 7986 individuals aged 25-75 years,
      in 5-year intervals, in the 16 municipalities of Skaraborg County. A combination
      of health examination and a survey using polling of the population by interview
      was used. The blood pressure values that are presented are based on a casual
      measurement taken after a 5-minute rest period. The limits of HBP and BHBP
      correspond to the Swedish standard limits. Only a few researchers in Sweden have
      focused on the correlation between socioeconomic factors and hypertension.
      Moreover, few examinations have been made internationally concerning the
      correlation between socioeconomic factors and borderline hypertension. There was
      a significant variation in mean values of high blood pressure when comparing
      socioeconomic groups and comparing occupations. These differences associated with
      educational level were more pronounced for women than for men. Workers,
      especially men and persons with less formal education, had the highest mean blood
      pressure. Significant differences between socioeconomic groups existed even after
      adjustment for age, sex, weight index, smoking and treatment of hypertension. The
      socioeconomic differences constitute the most plausible explanation of
      differences seen between municipalities. "Borderline high" blood pressure was
      more prevalent than "high" blood pressure. Socioeconomic differences were greater
      within the borderline high blood pressure group than in the high blood pressure
      group. i.e., the differences between workers and civil servants were somewhat
      greater in the borderline high blood pressure group. Since there are
      socioeconomic differences, it might be possible to concentrate preventive
      activities in local communities on risk groups.

PMID- 3874421
TI  - Early results and complications of coronary artery bypass surgery. A consecutive
      series of 441 patients.
AB  - The mortality rate and early complications of coronary artery bypass surgery were
      assessed for the first 441 consecutive patients operated on at Turku University
      Hospital. The overall hospital mortality rate was 2.5%. Perioperative myocardial
      infarction (PMI) accounted for more than half of the deaths, cerebral
      thromboembolism and sudden coronary death each for one-fifth and left ventricular
      failure for one-tenth. Postoperative complications occurred in 17.7% of the
      patients. Bleeding and postpericardiotomy syndrome were the most common
      complications (in 5.2 and 3.6% of the patients). Sternal resuture was needed in
      3.2% of the patients, and PMI occurred in 2.9%. PMI had a 46% mortality rate,
      with two-thirds of the deaths occurring in the operating theatre. Only PMI
      reached statistical significance as sole cause of death. Mode of myocardial
      protection, completeness of revascularization and severity of coronary disease
      did not influence the PMI rate. Graft patency overall was 92.8% on average 3
      months after surgery. The respective patency rates for internal mammary artery
      grafts and vein grafts were 90.3 and 92.9%.

PMID- 3874422
TI  - Experience with single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) in follow
      up of sternotomy healing.
AB  - Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) was performed thrice in
      ten patients undergoing open-heart surgery--preoperatively and 2 and 12 weeks
      postoperatively. The operations were done for ischemic heart disease (5), aortic
      valvular stenosis (2), aortic valvular insufficiency (1), leaking mitral
      prosthetic valve (1) and combined aortic and mitral valvular stenosis and
      insufficiency (1). The healing process in the longitudinally divided sternum was
      evaluated from the SPECT study. Four conventional static images in two dimensions
      were registered in anteroposterior, posteroanterior and left and right lateral
      projections. A tomographic study was done. Quantitative analyses were performed.
      The ratio of the sternal counts to the counts from a thoracic vertebra was
      calculated for use as a reference. The activity ratios showed a similar pattern
      in six cases, with initial increases and at 12 weeks slight decrease compared
      with the preoperative values. In two cases the activity was still increasing
      after 12 postoperative weeks. One patient, with sternotomy also one year
      previously, showed only slightly increased activity. The activity at the areas of
      the sternal wires was increased in six cases. The study thus revealed differing
      patterns of isotope uptake, although recovery was uneventful in all patients. The
      differences may reflect the possibility that the operative course and the
      preoperative clinical status can influence the healing mechanisms.

PMID- 3874423
TI  - Negative effects of dihydroergotamine (Orstanorm) on central haemodynamics and
      aorto-coronary bypass blood flow. An intraoperative study.
AB  - Dihydroergotamine (DHE), Orstanorm, because of its strong constrictor action on
      capacitance vessels, is used in the treatment of hypotension caused by
      orthostatism or spinal or epidural anaesthesia. Lately Orstanorm has also been
      used in combination with heparin as prophylaxis against postoperative
      thromboembolism. In the present study, Orstanorm (0.01 mg/kg b.w.) was given
      intravenously to 20 patients after coronary bypass surgery. Coronary bypass blood
      flow, heart rate, systemic mean and systolic blood pressures, right and left
      atrial pressures, pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac output were measured.
      Stroke volume, cardiac index, stroke index, systemic and regional myocardial
      vascular resistance and cardiac work index were then calculated. The results
      showed that despite increased filling pressures there was no rise in cardiac
      output, and despite increased cardiac work the bypass flow significantly
      decreased. The significant increase in regional myocardial vascular resistance
      found after administration of DHE may explain the absence of expected increase of
      cardiac output and coronary bypass flow.

PMID- 3874424
TI  - Hydroxyethylrutosides during extracorporeal circulation: effect on erythrocyte
      deformability.
AB  - The effect of hydroxyethylrutosides (HR) on erythrocyte deformability was studied
      in 13 adult patients subjected to extracorporeal circulation, in seven cases for
      single valve replacement and in six for coronary bypass operations. A single dose
      of 1.5 g HR was given by slow intravenous injection immediately before the
      cardiopulmonary bypass. The controls were 13 patients undergoing the same
      operations but without HR. In the HR-medicated valve group there was only 3%
      decrease in erythrocyte deformability following extracorporeal circulation, in
      contrast to a 41% (p less than 0.01) decrease in the control valve group. Among
      the coronary patients there was no such difference between the HR and the control
      groups, with deformability decreasing by 21 and 26%, respectively (both
      significant, p less than 0.05). HR administered before extracorporeal circulation
      thus had significant prophylactic effect on red cell deformability in patients
      undergoing valve replacement. Such beneficial action may improve nutritional
      blood flow, thereby reducing the number of postoperative complications in various
      organs. With higher doses and/or longer periods of administration, a favorable
      effect of HR might be possible also in patients subjected to coronary surgery.

PMID- 3874425
TI  - [Importance of early retinal fluorescein angiography in candidiasis in drug
      addicts].
AB  - Three cases of Candida albicans endophthalmia in drug addicts are reported. Three
      important signs suggestive of a fungal etiology for choroiditis are discussed:
      location of the granuloma at the end of a macular arteriole, early leak of
      fluorescein to the vitreous body, and solitary papillitis.

PMID- 3874426
TI  - [Incidence and prevalence of disabled rheumatic patients. A socio-epidemiological
      study on the services of the disability insurance system in the canton of Berne].
AB  - The incidence and prevalence of patients with musculoskeletal disorders
      benefiting from the Swiss invalidity insurance system in the Canton of Berne,
      Switzerland, are studied. During a 5-year period 1252 such patients (393 women)
      first received either payments or were supported by rehabilitation measures
      (incidence). The correlation of this incidence with sociodemographic factors such
      as sex, age, disease pattern, place of residence and occupation, as well as the
      type of service delivered, are analyzed and discussed. At a given date (March
      1982) 2754 patients with musculoskeletal disorders were receiving insurance
      pension (prevalence). By relating these figures to census data (total
      population), a 1.37% 5-year benefit incidence and a 3.02% pension prevalence can
      be calculated.

PMID- 3874427
TI  - [Surgical treatment of portal hypertension in patients with cystic fibrosis].
AB  - Patients with cystic fibrosis involving the liver may develop esophageal varices
      with the risk of major bleeding. As the pulmonary disease is progressive,
      treatment of the varices should achieve definite protection from bleeding by
      portal decompression. In three 17-18 year-olds splenectomy with splenorenal
      anastomosis was carried out without mortality or relevant morbidity. Two patients
      had had previous episodes of bleeding. The patients were followed up for 15, 15
      and 42 months respectively. The varices disappeared or regressed in size, and no
      bleeding or side effects of the shunt were observed.

PMID- 3874428
TI  - Human von Willebrand factor (vWF): isolation of complementary DNA (cDNA) clones
      and chromosomal localization.
AB  - Human factor VIII--von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a large, multimeric
      glycoprotein that plays a central role in the blood coagulation system, serving
      both as a carrier for factor VIIIC (antihemophilic factor) and as a major
      mediator of platelet-vessel wall interaction. Diminished or abnormal vWF activity
      results in von Willebrand's disease (vWD), a common and complex hereditary
      bleeding disorder. Overlapping vWF cDNA clones that span 8.2 kilobases of the vWF
      messenger RNA have been obtained. vWF accounts for approximately 0.3 percent of
      endothelial cell messenger RNA and was undetectable in several other tissues
      examined. A large single copy gene for vWF is located on the short arm of
      chromosome 12 (12p12----12pter). No gross gene rearrangement or deletion was
      detected in the DNA of two patients with severe vWD.

PMID- 3874429
TI  - Clotting protein cloned.

PMID- 3874430
TI  - Involvement of the bcl-2 gene in human follicular lymphoma.
AB  - Recombinant DNA probes were cloned for the areas flanking the breakpoint on
      chromosome 18 in cells from a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia of the B
      cell type; cells of this line carry the t(14;18) chromosomal translocation. Two
      of the probes detected DNA rearrangements in approximately 60 percent of the
      cases of follicular lymphoma screened. In follicular lymphoma, most of the
      breakpoints in band q21 of chromosome 18 were clustered within a short stretch of
      DNA, approximately 2.1 kilobases in length. Chromosome 18-specific DNA probes for
      the areas flanking the breakpoints also detected RNA transcripts 6 kilobases in
      length in various cell types. The gene coding for these transcript (the bcl-2
      gene) seems to be interrupted in most cases of follicular lymphomas carrying the
      t(14;18) chromosomal translocation.

PMID- 3874431
TI  - Continuous infusion of high-dose cytosine arabinoside for treatment of childhood
      acute leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in relapse.

PMID- 3874432
TI  - High-dose adriamycin combination chemotherapy for intermediate and high-grade non
      Hodgkin's lymphomas.

PMID- 3874433
TI  - A preliminary report on anti-depressant therapy and its effects on hope and
      immunity.
AB  - Psychological states such as bereavement and depression have been associated with
      suppression of the immune response. The authors present a pilot study utilizing
      the anti-depressant, maprotiline hydrochloride (Ludiomil) to determine its
      effects on the mental depression and immune reactions of T&B lymphocytes in
      patients with neurotic depression (dysthymic disorder by DSM III). Hope scores,
      derived from the content analysis of verbal samples, and Beck depression scores
      were examined as they covaried with various indices of immune response before and
      3 months after the patients were administered either maprotiline or no anti
      depressant medication. Although the study did not provide definitive findings
      regarding improved response following treatment of depressed patients with
      maprotiline hydrochloride, it did suggest further avenues of research for
      investigation.

PMID- 3874434
TI  - Sex differences in minor psychiatric morbidity: a survey of a homogeneous
      population.
AB  - Epidemiological methods of psychiatric assessment were used to examine whether
      there is a sex difference in the constitutional vulnerability of the male and
      female phenotype to minor psychiatric morbidity. In order to minimise the effect
      of environment and of sex roles and stereotypes as far as possible, a sample of
      relatively homogeneous employed men and women are studied. No sex difference in
      prevalence of minor psychiatric morbidity or its outcome was found in this
      population of men and women of similar age, education, occupation and social
      environment. However, women did report significantly more somatic symptoms of
      psychogenic origin.

PMID- 3874435
TI  - Advances in treatment of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

PMID- 3874436
TI  - [The immunological profile of patients with chronic recurrent pancreatitis].

PMID- 3874437
TI  - Antifungal drugs affecting the chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
AB  - Investigations on the chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) towards
      a cytoplasmic extract of Trichophyton rubrum in the presence and absence of
      antifungal drugs are described. It is shown that with griseofulvin, clotrimazole,
      econazole, ketoconazole, miconazole and natamycin at 1 mg l(-1), the number of
      PMNs migrating was significantly reduced. After 3 h of exposure to 10 mg l(-1),
      not one of the drugs tested had any discernable effect on the viability of the
      PMNs, or the complement. The anti-inflammatory activity of the drugs is discussed
      and whilst the chemosuppression of PMN chemotaxis may be an undesirable feature
      in a drug used to treat systemic mycoses, it is unlikely to have any adverse
      effect in the therapy of the dermatophytoses.

PMID- 3874438
TI  - Management of complications of portal hypertension.
AB  - The management of portal hypertension focuses on control of its complications,
      the most important of which is bleeding esophageal varices. Other complications,
      such as ascites, bleeding intestinal stomas, and hypersplenism, rarely require
      surgical intervention. Other than medical management, the three basic procedures
      now available for the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices include
      decompression of varices with a portosystemic shunt, nonshunting operations that
      attack directly the esophageal variceal-bearing area, and liver transplantation
      as the procedure of choice in selected patients. Patients who present with
      episodes of acute bleeding are usually treated initially with medical therapy
      including acute sclerotherapy or balloon tamponade techniques when necessary. If
      the patient fails to respond or if episodes of bleeding recur, further therapy is
      required. Although selection of therapy remains controversial, it is based on
      multiple factors. These include the basic pathogenic mechanism of portal
      hypertension in the individual patient, status of the patient as defined by
      Child's classification, elective or urgent nature of the operation, hemodynamic
      stability of the patient at the time of the procedure, site of the block in the
      portal system, and caliber and anatomic relationship of the vessels available for
      anastomosis in the portal system. Additional factors include the presence and
      severity of ascites or encephalopathy, age of the patient, site of bleeding
      (esophageal or gastric), severity of associated hypersplenism, and techniques and
      expertise available at a given institution. Shunting procedures achieve the best
      long-term control of bleeding, but they can precipitate the development of
      encephalopathy. Nonshunting procedures do not induce encephalopathy, but they are
      usually associated with a high rate of rebleeding. Also, with the possible
      exception of sclerotherapy, they are still associated with a high operative
      mortality rate in alcoholic patients classified as Child's C. Although
      sclerotherapy controls acute variceal bleeding more successfully than
      conventional methods, it is not readily applicable in patients with bleeding
      gastric varices. Also, it has not yet clearly been proved to be an effective
      method of permanent control of gastroesophageal bleeding and has not been
      demonstrated to increase survival. The new methods of extensive esophagogastric
      devascularization (for example, porta-azygos disconnection using the Sugiura
      procedure) are attractive because of the low late recurrence rate for bleeding
      without the induction of encephalopathy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3874439
TI  - Closure of carotid-cavernous fistulae by use of a fibrin adhesive system.
AB  - A case of carotid-cavernous fistula successfully closed by injecting fibrin glue
      into the cavernous sinus through the superior ophthalmic vein is reported. This
      case was a recurrent spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula after ligation of the
      internal carotid artery. The use of the fibrin adhesive system for the treatment
      of carotid-cavernous fistulae is discussed.

PMID- 3874440
TI  - Lipoma in the cerebellopontine angle.
AB  - A case of lipoma in the cerebellopontine angle is reported. Intracranial lipomas
      are very rare, especially in the cerebellopontine angle. To our knowledge, only
      four cases, including our own, have been operated upon. Until now, total
      extirpation has not been possible. The singular appearance on computed tomography
      scanning of this dysembryoplasia is presented together with a bibliography of
      this subject.

PMID- 3874441
TI  - Emission computed tomography in strokes.

PMID- 3874442
TI  - [A new method for the rapid purification of C1q in human plasma].

PMID- 3874443
TI  - [Cardiomyopathy: various aspects of its etiology and pathogenesis].

PMID- 3874444
TI  - [Single-photon emission computed tomography with 201Tl in the diagnosis of
      ischemic heart disease].
AB  - One hundred and thirty-six patients with CHD were examined by plane scintigraphy
      and single-photon emission computer-aided tomography (SPECT). The control group
      comprised 26 healthy persons. Two SPECT techniques were compared (gamma-chamber
      rotation at 360 and 180 degrees). In acute myocardial infarction, focal defects
      of perfusion were detected by SPECT in 36 out of 39 patients, those by plane
      scintigraphy in 30 patients. In angina pectoris patients, perfusion alterations
      were detected by SPECT and scintigraphy in 91.6 and 75% of cases, respectively.
      During tomographic examination of patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis,
      the perfusion defects were revealed in 38 out of 42 patients, whereas during
      plane scintigraphy, such alterations were detected but in 31 patients. The
      advantages of SPECT and its high importance for diagnosing different patterns of
      CHD are discussed. It is recommended that SPECT and plane scintigraphy can be
      used combined in clinical practice.

PMID- 3874445
TI  - Elastase-alpha 1 antitrypsin complexes in acute leukaemia.
AB  - 30 consecutive patients with acute leukaemia were studied prior to commencement
      of treatment in order to assess the incidence and significance of raised elastase
      (ELP) - alpha 1 antitrypsin complex level. In addition the reliability of
      detecting low factor XIII subunit levels as an indicator of in vivo release of
      ELP was evaluated. While 15 patients had raised levels of ELP alpha 1 antitrypsin
      complex levels, only 4 of these had reduced levels or factor XIII subunits A and
      S. In addition increased levels of ELP- alpha 1 antitrypsin complex were not
      associated with any marked disturbance of routine coagulation tests. Patients
      with raised ELP- alpha 1 antitrypsin complex levels had significantly higher
      circulating white cell and blast cell counts as compared to those patients with
      normal levels of this complex. In patients entering remission the levels of ELP-
      alpha 1 antitrypsin complex returned to normal.

PMID- 3874446
TI  - Morphological studies of platelet aggregates induced by human von Willebrand
      factor in platelet-type von Willebrand's disease.

PMID- 3874447
TI  - [Bleeding esophageal varices. Experience with endoscopic sclerotherapy].

PMID- 3874448
TI  - [HLA-antigens and rheumatic diseases].

PMID- 3874449
TI  - [Asbestos exposure and asbestos-related lung findings. A cross-sectional study in
      Telemark].

PMID- 3874450
TI  - HLA and multiple sclerosis: population and families study.
AB  - Association between HLA and multiple sclerosis (MS) was investigated at the
      population level on 100 MS patients genotyped for HLA-A, B, C, DR and Bf, Glo,
      and on 155 patients phenotyped for the same HLA antigens. Association between MS
      and DR2 was clearly confirmed, although its strength is rather weak. No other
      genetic marker could be related to the disease, no haplotype nor any allelic
      combination could be recognized as MS specific, and antigen genotype frequencies
      among the diseased could not ascertain the mode of inheritance, although
      dominance is very likely. Computer analysis between HLA, Bf, Glo and age of the
      patient, sex, age of onset and evolution of MS, impairment indexes, titres of
      anti-DNA and anti-measles antibodies in CSF did not show any interaction. Twenty
      sib pairs and two trios of MS were also studied; they showed no significant
      distortion with the random distribution of haplotypes. DR2 gene frequency,
      however, was significantly higher in sib pairs showing one or two haplotypes than
      in HLA different affected siblings. Three crossing-overs were identified which
      suggest where the HLA-linked MS susceptibility (MSS) gene could be located within
      the HLA segment, while other epistatic MSS genes or environmental factors are
      likely to be important.

PMID- 3874452
TI  - Auditory and vestibular findings in dyslexic children.

PMID- 3874451
TI  - Continuation and effectiveness of contraceptive practice: a cross-sectional
      approach.
AB  - This paper proposes a cross-sectional approach to the study of contraceptive
      continuation and use-effectiveness, based on data from surveys of married women
      of reproductive age rather than the more conventional follow-up surveys of family
      planning acceptors. Such an approach has the advantages of indicating the
      fertility effects of contraceptive practice during a particular period of time
      and providing information on the experience of users who obtain contraceptive
      information or supplies from nonprogram sources. An application of the approach
      in the context of a nationwide survey of wives living in areas covered by the
      Outreach Project of the Philippine Commission on Population is presented and the
      findings are discussed in relation both to program management and to the validity
      of the methodology.

PMID- 3874453
TI  - Changing patterns of disease.

PMID- 3874454
TI  - The treatment of kala-azar: a review with comments drawn from experience in
      Kenya.
AB  - Pentavalent antimony (Sbv) compounds have been used in the treatment of kala azar
      for over 60 years. Their introduction was preceded by the use, for a few years,
      of SbIII compounds, especially tartar emetic. Although the exact usage of Sbv
      varies from country to country, with correct use, cure rates of over 90% can, in
      most countries, be expected. There is little problem with toxicity, though
      occasional unexplained deaths that do not appear to be directly due to Sbv do
      occur during treatment. The main second line drugs, pentamidine and amphotericin,
      are less effective and relatively toxic. Other second line treatments that have
      been used in resistant kala azar in Kenya include allopurinol, diminazene
      aceturate, and Sbv liposomes. Splenectomy has been used as a last resort.

PMID- 3874455
TI  - [Effect of thermal selection of the male gametes on the resistance to temperature
      and chlorophos of the body and muscles in tadpoles of the common frog].
AB  - A study was made of the effect of thermal selection of parental spermatozoa on
      the heat resistance of the whole organism and of muscles in progeny of Rana
      temporaria, as well as of the organismal resistance to pesticides (0.0025 M
      chlorophos). The thermal selection of spermatozoa was performed by exposing their
      suspension to 36 degrees C for 30-40 minutes. With tadpoles, the resistance of
      muscles to 38 degrees C, was determined, in addition to the resistance of the
      organism to 34 degrees and to 0.0025 M chlorophos. The results of selection were
      stage--specific: at stages of growth (stages 39, 42, 50) the heat resistance of
      the organism was lower and that of muscles was higher than in controls. At the
      stage of metamorphosis proper (stage 52) the heat resistance of both the organism
      and muscles increased. The thermal selection of parental spermatozoa exerted no
      effect on the resistance of the progeny to 0.0025 M chlorophos.

PMID- 3874456
TI  - [Clinical aspects of acute non-specific pericarditis].

PMID- 3874457
TI  - [Formation of aorto-intestinal fistula as the cause of intermittent
      gastrointestinal hemorrhage].

PMID- 3874458
TI  - [The occupational environment and the health of slaughterhouse workers. III.
      Possibilities for preventing occupational injuries].

PMID- 3874459
TI  - [Use of human fibrin glue in the closure of vesicovaginal fistulas].
AB  - This report describes animal experiments on the use of human fibrin adhesives to
      close vesicovaginal fistulas artificially created in 20 rabbits. In one group of
      10 animals one of the usual closure techniques was supplemented by application of
      fibrin adhesive to the suture line, whereas in the control group of 10 animals
      the fistula was closed using only the same usual suture technique. The results
      were evaluated according to pathoanatomical and histological criteria. In the
      control group a vesicovaginal fistula recurred in 30% of the animals, whereas the
      test group showed 100% closure during the observation period.

PMID- 3874460
TI  - The value of urinary neopterin as an immunological parameter in patients with
      malignant tumors of the genitourinary tract.
AB  - In 153 patients with verified neoplasias of the genitourinary tract, urinary
      neopterin excretion was monitored under different conditions. As control, urinary
      neopterin values were taken from 208 male and 209 female volunteers. Neopterin
      excretion was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Patients with
      early tumor stages, both with bladder tumor and carcinoma of the prostate,
      presented almost normal urinary neopterin levels. The difference of urinary
      neopterin excretion between low and high stages in bladder tumor (T0-1 versus T2
      4) as well in carcinoma of the prostate (stage A-B versus stage C-D) is highly
      significant (p less than 0.001). In the group of patients with renal cell
      carcinoma we could not find any correlation between tumor stage and neopterin
      excretion. The basal urinary neopterin values in patients with testicle tumors
      were as follows: 1 of 6 patients stage-I seminomatous tumors and 2 of 4 patients
      with stage-I non-seminomatous tumors demonstrated elevated neopterin levels. In
      the higher stages all patients, in both groups, exhibited pathologically
      increased neopterin excretion. During therapy and follow-up: all 24 stage-I
      (seminomatous and non-seminomatous tumors) patients showed normal neopterin
      levels: 1 of 3 stage-II (non-seminomatous tumors) patients and all 5 stage-IV
      (seminomatous and non-seminomatous tumors) patients had elevated urinary
      neopterin excretion. Our experience suggests that neopterin measurements may
      supplement laboratory examinations in patients with malignant tumor diseases of
      the genitourinary tract, providing meaningful information in regard to early
      detection of tumor progression, tumor recurrence and follow-up.

PMID- 3874461
TI  - The effect of hormone therapy on peripheral blood leukocytic subset distribution
      in stage D prostatic cancer patients.
AB  - The distribution of mononuclear cell types found in the peripheral blood of
      patients bearing carcinoma of the prostate were compared by stage and to a
      control group using monoclonal antibody techniques. Patients with lower stage
      disease (A, B) had no significant alteration in subset distribution when compared
      to a control group, while those with higher stage disease (D) had significant
      deviations. Stage D patients had a decreased representation of helper-inducer T
      cells and an increased representation of suppressor-cytotoxic T cells, with an
      overall reduction in the total T cell content. In addition elevated levels of
      monocytic, granulocytic and null cells were recognized by the polyspecific OKM1
      antibody. These differences were in part reversible following hormonal therapy.
      Such alterations in the ratios between the various T cell populations could be
      useful in patient staging and treatment selection.

PMID- 3874463
TI  - Interferential therapy for detrusor hyperreflexia in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Twenty patients with detrusor hyperreflexia in multiple sclerosis were treated
      for frequency, urgency and incontinence, or catheter bypassing by interferential
      currents applied on the lumbosacral spinal marrow. Although the mechanism of
      action is not totally understood, subjective and objective improvements were
      registered in most patients. Further investigations are needed to confirm these
      results and to explain the favorable effect of interferential therapy.

PMID- 3874462
TI  - Peak urine flow as a predictor of urine infection and retention after coronary
      artery bypass grafting.
AB  - Peak urine flow rates were measured in 83 men before coronary artery bypass
      grafting. The patients were grouped according to the method of Drach et al. [1]
      into those with normal, equivocal or abnormal flow rates. No cases of urine
      infection occurred in any of the 3 groups and only 2 patients in the group with
      abnormal peak flow developed urine retention. This was not statistically
      significant. Peak urine flow did not appear to be useful in predicting urine
      retention after coronary artery bypass grafting.

PMID- 3874464
TI  - Opportunistic scavenging by the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana (Amphibia, Anura,
      Ranidae).

PMID- 3874465
TI  - [Treatment of patients with acute gastrointestinal hemorrhages at a specialized
      center].
AB  - The work has shown that concentrating the patients with acute gastro-intestinal
      bleedings at surgical hospitals having qualified surgeons, auxiliary services and
      necessary equipment can give a considerable improvement of differential diagnosis
      of the source of bleeding in the acute period, higher surgical activity in the
      ulcer on cancer nature of the bleeding, better results of both the operative and
      conservative methods of treatment.

PMID- 3874466
TI  - Symposium on clinical veterinary oncology.

PMID- 3874467
TI  - Skin tumors.

PMID- 3874468
TI  - Feline mammary tumors.
AB  - The characteristics of feline mammary cancer--that is, the rapid growth of
      primary mammary tumors, the high rate of tumor recurrence, and the poor survival
      statistics--demonstrate the need for (1) early diagnosis of the primary tumor;
      (2) immediate, aggressive surgical therapy; and (3) frequent follow-up
      examinations to detect early clinical signs of recurrent disease. A number of
      factors that influence prognosis have been described. As more information becomes
      available concerning the behavior of feline mammary tumors and the results of
      various forms of treatment, more effective protocols can be developed. Continued
      etiologic research may play a vital role in determining the direction of therapy.

PMID- 3874469
TI  - Hemangiosarcomas.

PMID- 3874470
TI  - Treatment of metastasis.

PMID- 3874471
TI  - Vaccinia virus proteins on the plasma membranes of infected cells. II. Expression
      of viral antigens and killing of infected cells by vaccinia virus-specific
      cytotoxic T cells.
AB  - Evidence is presented that virion-derived antigens as well as viral antigens
      expressed on cell surfaces after infection, may participate in the formation of
      "target-antigen complexes" (TACs) which render vaccinia virus-infected cells
      susceptible to recognition and killing by syngeneic, vaccinia virus-specific
      cytotoxic T cells (VV-CTLs). By employing L cells infected with trypsin-treated
      and untreated virions, evidence was obtained that proteins with molecular weights
      of 32K and 37K may be among the virion-derived antigens which participate in TAC
      formation. Following virus infection, a sequential expression of virus-specified
      antigens on the plasma membrane of infected cells could be detected. At 1 hr
      p.i., polypeptides with molecular weights of 48K-50K and 36K-37K were present on
      infected cell surfaces; by 2 hr p.i., polypeptides with molecular weights of 48K
      50K, 42K-44K, 36K-37K, 29K-30K, and 16K-17K were detected on plasma membranes. As
      measured by in vitro, 51Cr-release assays, vaccinia virus-infected L cells were
      completely susceptible to lysis by VV-CTLs (greater than or equal to 50% measured
      specific lysis) when (a) "early" but not late viral functions were expressed as
      measured with virus-infected cells which had been treated with hydroxyurea (5 X
      10(-3) M) to block DNA replication or (b) when active protein synthesis was
      allowed to proceed for 90 min postadsorption and the infected cells were then
      treated with cycloheximide (100 micrograms/ml) to block further protein
      synthesis. Under these experimental conditions, polypeptides with molecular
      weights of 58K, 48K-50K, 42K, 36K-37K, 34K, 32K-33K, 27K-29K, and 16K-17K were
      expressed on the plasma membranes of vaccinia virus-infected cells but not
      uninfected cells. Whether each of the virion-derived and (or) virus-encoded
      polypeptides can associate with Class I, major histocompatibility antigens on the
      surfaces of virus-infected cells to form a primary or cross-reacting TAC
      recognized by VV-CTLs remains to be investigated.

PMID- 3874472
TI  - [Effect of electropuncture on the work capacity of naval specialists during long
      sea voyages].

PMID- 3874473
TI  - [Temperature of deep-layer tissue during physiotherapy].

PMID- 3874474
TI  - Preparation and properties of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor concentrate from human
      plasma.
AB  - Alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) has been prepared as a concentrate in
      quantities large enough for clinical testing of its safety and efficacy in the
      treatment of emphysema and other disorders. The alpha 1-PI was purified from Cohn
      fraction IV-1 paste by polyethylene glycol precipitation and DEAE-Sepharose
      chromatography. The methods used in the purification are gentle and the resulting
      product behaves almost identically to the alpha 1-PI from plasma. The protein has
      been heat treated (60 degrees C, 10 h) to lower the risk of transmission of
      plasma-borne diseases. This resulted in some aggregation of the protein, but did
      not cause the generation of new antigenic sites. Half-life studies in animals
      showed that the protein behaved normally (catabolic t1/2 of 68 h).

PMID- 3874475
TI  - [Splenectomy and immunological indicators in patients with hematologic diseases].

PMID- 3874476
TI  - [Immunological reactivity in patients with chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 3874477
TI  - [The B lymphocyte system in viral hepatitis].

PMID- 3874478
TI  - [State of the serotonin-monoamine oxidase-serotoninopexy system and its relation
      to immunological indicators in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3874479
TI  - [Levamisole correction of immunologic disorders in patients with lymphocytic
      leukemia].

PMID- 3874480
TI  - Blood loss after thrombolytic therapy.

PMID- 3874481
TI  - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by rupture of an abdominal aorta aneurysm
      into the duodenum].

PMID- 3874482
TI  - [Rupture of a thoracic aortic aneurysm with esophageal rupture].

PMID- 3874483
TI  - [A case of progressive lung destruction].

PMID- 3874484
TI  - [State of cellular and humoral immunity in recurrent and chronic bronchopulmonary
      diseases in children before and after immunostimulation with levamisole].

PMID- 3874485
TI  - [Incidence and regional distribution of colorectal cancers in Austria].
AB  - Based on data obtained from the official Austrian cancer registry, we evaluated
      the incidence of, and death rate from cancer of the colon and rectum. The
      increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer in Austria is comparable to that
      of other western industrial countries. There is an estimated rise in the annual
      figures of newly registered patients from 3174 in 1971 to 3981 cases in 1981.
      Regional distribution within Austria is not homogeneous: the highest risk of
      disease was observed in Vienna (60 new cases per year per 100000 inhabitants),
      the lowest in Tyrol with 40 new cases per 100000. The marked east-west slope in
      the incidence of colorectal cancer in Austria is a good basis for the
      investigation of pathogenetic factors.

PMID- 3874486
TI  - Absent serum thyroxine in a hypothyroid man with severe nonthyroidal illnesses.

PMID- 3874487
TI  - [Illustrations of new cases of cancer at various sites, obtained from reports at
      various clinics].

PMID- 3874488
TI  - [The spread of cigarette smoking in children and adolescents in East Germany].

PMID- 3874489
TI  - [Conditions for the development of smoking in childhood and adolescence-
      possibilities for the prevention of smoking].

PMID- 3874490
TI  - [Descriptive epidemiology of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3874491
TI  - [Clinical pharmacology of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. I:
      Pharmacokinetics].

PMID- 3874492
TI  - [Significance of bronchial branching anomalies for recurrent and chronic
      nonspecific diseases of the respiratory organs in children].
AB  - About the question, whether anomalies in the branching of the bronchial tree are
      in causative connection with chronic nonspecific lung diseases of children, in
      the literature different opinions are to be read. Among about 2000 patients
      bronchographically examined we found 136 bronchial branching anomalies of
      different degrees. Seventy of them we examined about 5 years later. It is shown
      that isolated simple anomalies are of no consequence to the lung disease.
      However, branching anomalies associated with anomalies or malformations of the
      lung or their blood vessels have the meaning of a real disease.

PMID- 3874493
TI  - [Long-term study of various immunologic functions in children with chronic
      nonspecific lung diseases].
AB  - For 18 years we have analysed several parameters directly or indirectly involved
      in immunologic functions in 713 children (age: 0-14 years) suffering from CNSRD
      (frequently relapsing bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, frequently relapsing or
      chronic obstructive bronchitis, asthma bronchiale, cystic fibrosis). In all 6,067
      data were evaluated. The estimation of the immunoglobulins (in serum and
      secretions) and the serum level of alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha-1-AT) had the
      highest relevance for diagnosis and prognosis of CNSRD. Immunodeficiencies were
      detected in form of humoral antibody deficiency syndromes as well as local
      secretory IgA deficiency (MALT insufficiency). The results suggest that the MALT
      insufficiency during early childhood is a high risk factor for the development of
      CNSRD, especially of obstructive lung diseases. In chronic bronchitis the mean
      levels of serum-IgA were significantly increased (p less than 0.001) and
      reactively increased serum mean levels of IgM and/or IgG were observed in some
      chronic bronchitis forms but not during the whole childhood. In homocygote and
      heterocygote defective alpha-1-AT types the prognosis of chronic lung disease
      (chronic obstructive bronchitis and/or bronchial asthma) was especially poor.
      Despite BCG vaccination in the neonatal period most children had negative
      tuberculin skin tests. This suggests that also the cellular immunofunctions may
      be depressed in children with CNSRD. Blood group, isoagglutinins, Zn and Fe serum
      levels had only limited importance for diagnosis and prognosis of the CNSRD. We
      recommend the estimation of these parameters in special cases only.

PMID- 3874494
TI  - [Epidemiology of chronic bronchitis from the viewpoint of occupational medicine].
AB  - In a comprehensive epidemiological study the influence of age, smoking and
      exposure to dust upon the prevalence of chronic bronchitis could be confirmed and
      quantified. From the quantified contributing factors it is evident that chronic
      bronchitis after exposure to dust cannot generally be declared as occupational
      disease. The relative risk of heavy smokers of 1,9 is of the same order as the
      relative risk after 20 years' exposure to dust. Individual measures of health
      control and health care are necessary and should be intensified after 10 years of
      exposure.

PMID- 3874495
TI  - [Results of an epidemiologic analysis on the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive
      bronchitis in miners].
AB  - An epidemiological evaluation of chronic obstructive bronchitis in miners showed
      that smoking ranges in first place in the aetiopathogenesis. In addition, after
      prolonged underground exposure, the irritating nuisance of the respiratory tract
      must be considered as causal cofactor.

PMID- 3874496
TI  - [Epidemiology and etiology of prostate cancer].

PMID- 3874497
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus--age specific morbidity in the district of Newbrandenburg].
AB  - As a result of the investigations on the age-specific morbidity of diabetes
      mellitus in the county of Neubrandenburg is established that the risk of the
      disease greatly increases from the younger age-groups to the older ones. At old
      age the frequency of new diseases clearly decreases. It is probable that in
      genetically determined men on account of the risk factors, e.g. overweight,
      appearing more frequently with growing age diabetes becomes untimely manifest, so
      that they at first evoke the great increase of the age-specific frequency of new
      diseases. But then the risk-group of the population already fell ill as far as in
      the older age-groups the lower risk of a disease of the that group of population
      in dominating in which the diabetes genetically determines and finally becomes
      manifest. Also the age-specific amount and mortality rates are influenced by
      this. Whereas the age-specific mortality of the population of diabetics follows
      the risk of dying increasing at old age.

PMID- 3874498
TI  - [Familial occurrence of multiple basalomas associated with hyperostotic
      spondylosis].
AB  - We report on brother and sister suffering from hyperostotic spondylosis and
      multiple basal cell carcinomas. Localisation and multiplicity of the tumors are
      remarkable. On account of the family tree, we assume recessive inheritance.

PMID- 3874499
TI  - Ultrastructural changes of Trichomonas vaginalis prior and after
      cryopreservation.
AB  - Fine structural changes of Trichomonas vaginalis are described prior and after
      the freezing process in liquid nitrogen. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) used as the
      cryoprotectant caused distinct alterations of the cytoplasm when trichomonads
      were equilibrated with 5% DMSO under various experimental conditions. Changes
      were bubble-like protrusions, fissuration and/or vacuolation of the cytoplasm,
      doubling and removal or/and rupture of the cell membrane. Apart from these
      findings cryopreservation caused marked alterations on the hydrogenosomes, such
      as condensation and flocculence of the usually homogeneous contents; in addition
      numerous hydrogenosomes fused while loosing membrane at the site of fusion.
      However, several parasites revealed normal hydrogenosomes after the freezing
      process. It is assumed that these organisms survived freezing and thawing as
      demonstrated by successful cultivation of recovered trichomonads.

PMID- 3874500
TI  - [Etiology of hip dislocation in children with cerebral movement disorders and
      possibilities of conservative treatment using rotating and spreading plates and
      electrostimulation].
AB  - Dislocations of the hip associated with spastic paralysis are almost always found
      in severely disabled children. The onset is in infancy. Two methods,
      electrostimulation of the minor gluteal muscles and treatment with simple leg
      casts to correct the malposition, are described. Follow-up examinations showed
      that the treatment had had a positive effect on the hip condition in 33 of the 42
      children treated with casts and 26 of the 32 children treated by electrotherapy.
      Electrotherapy is an innovation, since in the past it was considered
      contraindicated in these patients. However, it is based on the fact that the
      gluteal muscles do not normally show any spasticity. Irrespective of this, the
      treatment is long-term, and has to be continued for many years, a fact which
      makes greater demands on the cooperativeness of the family.

PMID- 3874501
TI  - [Treatment and treatment results in invasive cervix cancer in Berlin, capital of
      East Germany, 1970-1978].
AB  - The incidence of cervical cancer in Berlin, capital of the GDR, decreased in the
      period 1970-78 from 52.4 to 38.9 per 100.000. The percentage of the curable stage
      I increased from 46% to approximately 60%. A remarkable increase of surgical
      treatment till old ages characterizes the treatment situation. In younger ages
      clearly the surgical treatment dominates. In stage I a the combined surgical
      radiotherapy was replaced by the surgical treatment, the percentage of the sole
      radiotherapy remained constant. In stage I b the percentage of the combined
      treatment amounts to more than 50% as yet and of the radiation alone to 10%. A
      relative 5-year survival rate risen from 70% in 1970/71 to 82% in 1973/74 has
      been observed.

PMID- 3874503
TI  - [Non-medicamentous treatment of labor pain by electrostimulation].
AB  - Methods of electric stimulation have been tested for their effect on labour pain
      during delivery. Beside the central (cerebral) electric stimulation electro
      acupuncture and transcutaneous electric stimulation have been used. Because of
      the only moderate results and the difficulties in clinical handling electro
      acupuncture is not very usefull for pain reduction during child birth. Central
      stimulation and transcutaneous stimulation brought relief of pain in about 60% of
      the 209 patients treated with these methods in addition to a significant
      reduction of the labour period. No side effects on mother or child were observed.

PMID- 3874502
TI  - [Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in the treatment of placental
      insufficiency. 1. Methodologic principle and set of instruments].
AB  - Presentation of a set of generators for the transcutaneous electric nerve
      stimulation serving the treatment of placental insufficiency. First experiences
      confirm the proper practibility of the method in the variant of our generator
      set.

PMID- 3874504
TI  - [Etiology of acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases in children. II. A study
      of the specific immune response by counterimmunoelectrophoresis and the
      complement fixation and passive hemagglutination reactions].
AB  - Specific immune response to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae
      has been studied in 158 children with acute pneumonia and pleuritis and 128
      children with chronic pneumonia by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and
      in the complement fixation (CFT) and passive hemagglutination (PHA) tests. The
      use of CIE leads to the detection of antibodies to H. influenzae in 23.7% of
      children with acute pneumonia and in 46.9% of children with chronic pneumonia. In
      the CFT antibodies to H. influenzae are also more often detected in children with
      chronic pneumonia (48%) than in those with acute respiratory infections (12.2%).
      In the PHA test high titers of antibodies to type b H. influenzae capsular
      polysaccharide occur in 11.9% of children with acute pneumonia and in 8.2% of
      children with chronic pneumonia.

PMID- 3874505
TI  - [Comparative study of the immunoglobulins and specific antibodies in the blood of
      rabbits immunized with ADTP vaccine and ADT-anatoxin with normal and reduced
      antigen contents].
AB  - Adsorbed DPT vaccine and adsorbed DT toxoids with normal and reduced antigen
      content were used for the immunization of rabbits. The levels of IgM and IgG and
      the dynamics of antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus toxins and to Bordetella
      pertussis in the blood sera of the animals were studied in the postvaccinal
      period (on days 15 and 34). This study revealed that the reduction of the antigen
      content of adsorbed DT toxoid to 5 Lf of diphtheria toxoid and 5 binding units of
      tetanus toxoid did not decrease the capacity of the preparation for increasing
      the levels of IgG and IgM, antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus toxins in the
      sera of the rabbits. The reduced content of these toxoids in adsorbed DPT vaccine
      did not affect its capacity for inducing the enhanced synthesis of IgG,
      antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus toxins, while the production of IgM and IgA
      remained unchanged. At the same time an increase in the titers of antibodies to
      B. pertussis in the animals was less pronounced than that observed after the
      injection of commercial adsorbed DPT vaccine. Additional investigations are
      necessary in order to establish the protective potency of the pertussis component
      in adsorbed DPT vaccine with the reduced content of toxoids and to find out the
      optimum antigenic composition for this preparation.

PMID- 3874506
TI  - [Experience of the People's Republic of Bulgaria in controlling diphtheria,
      tetanus and whooping cough].
AB  - The analysis of the morbidity and mortality rates in diphtheria, tetanus and
      pertussis in Bulgaria after the introduction of the compulsory mass immunization
      of children with combined DPT vaccine is presented. These data indicate that
      morbidity in diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis has sharply decreased. Favorable
      results with respect to these three diseases are the consequence of the complete
      coverage of the child population by immunization with the vaccine whose quality
      has been steadily improving for the last 20 years. A higher purity of toxoids has
      been achieved, and at present it exceeds the latest WHO requirements. Pertussis
      vaccine is produced with the use of strains whose serological characteristics
      correspond to those of the pertussis strains circulating in the country. The
      study of the reactogenicity of DPT vaccine, carried out over the period of 20
      years, has shown that the vaccine has low reactogenicity.

PMID- 3874507
TI  - Fibrinous tissue glue in artery anastomosis. Physiological, histological and
      scanning evaluation.
AB  - Twelve arterial anastomoses are performed using fibrinous tissue glue. Long term
      patency is controlled. Histological and scanning electron microscopical
      evaluation of the clot formation is performed.

PMID- 3874508
TI  - Oesophageal motility after sclerotherapy for bleeding varices.
AB  - Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (ST) has gained wide acceptance as emergency
      and definitive treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices. The long-term effects
      of serial ST on oesophageal motility were studied in 19 patients with cirrhosis
      and prior variceal bleeding. A control group of 14 patients with compensated
      cirrhosis has been conservatively treated for major variceal haemorrhage a median
      of 5 months previously. In the ST group, eradication of the varices by serial ST
      had been completed a median of 7 months prior to manometry. The manometric
      results did not differ between the controls and 11 ST patients without dysphagia
      (SA). In eight ST patients with dysphagia (SB), the percentage of deglutitive
      peristaltic contractions (DPC) in the lower oesophagus was less than in the
      controls (31.4 vs. 98.6%) and in the SA patients (84%). Nonpropulsive
      contractions instead dominated in the lower oesophagus, but were frequent also in
      the upper part, resembling the motility pattern seen in patients with
      sclerodermal involvement of the oesophagus. When seven SB patients were
      reinvestigated after a median of 11.5 months (without further ST), the DPC value
      had increased to 74.2% and the dysphagia had decreased. The lower oesophageal
      sphincter pressure did not differ between the controls and the subgroups of ST
      patients.

PMID- 3874509
TI  - Primary non-specific ulcer of the small bowel.
AB  - A case is presented of lifelong bleeding from an ileal ulcer in a 17-year-old
      female. This diagnostic possibility should be suspected in gastrointestinal
      hemorrhage when no commoner localization of the bleeding can be found.

PMID- 3874510
TI  - Significance of immunoreactivity in trauma.
AB  - Anergy is a crude measure of host resistance which may be due to malnutrition,
      but is probably more often due to inappropriate host responses to surgery and
      injury. Severe injury and infection decrease chemotaxis and the migration of
      neutrophils to areas of irritation. Lymphocytes from anergic patients are not
      properly functional in the DTH reaction, probably because of circulatory
      inhibitors in vivo. These lymphocytes can elicit a response when cultured in
      normal serum in vitro. B cell function is also impaired in anergic patients in
      that they do not respond to tetanus toxoid in vivo or in vitro. There is no
      randomized study which shows conclusively that one should delay elective surgery
      in anergic patients who are malnourished. Active immunization may become a
      reality in the prevention of surgical infections. Immunomodulators which
      favourable affect T and B cell function may also become a part of our
      armamentarium.

PMID- 3874511
TI  - Effects of adjuvants to local anaesthetics on their duration. III. Experimental
      studies of hyaluronic acid.
AB  - The effects of addition of hyaluronic acid (sodium hyaluronate, Healon) to
      different local anaesthetics of the amide type on the duration of sensory or
      motor blocks following various regional anaesthetic procedures were studied in
      animal experiments. In the rat infra-orbital nerve block model, the addition of
      0.1-0.5% hyaluronic acid (HA) to 2% prilocaine increased the duration of sensory
      block of varying degrees in a dose-dependent way by up to 500% of values obtained
      with plain prilocaine. The duration of degree 5 blocks produced by 0.5%
      etidocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine was also significantly prolonged when 0.4% HA was
      included to 206% and 282% of control, respectively, while blocks induced by 2%
      lidocaine were prolonged to 123% of control. The duration of motor block
      following spinal anaesthesia in the mouse was prolonged in a dose-dependent way
      when HA was added to prilocaine, bupivacaine and etidocaine. For solutions
      containing 0.4% HA, prolongations to 254%, 166% and 134% of control,
      respectively, were obtained. A concomitant increase of latency to onset of block
      and failure rate occurred with increasing concentrations of HA. The duration of
      corneal anaesthesia in the rabbit increased by 57% and 44% when 0.3% HA was added
      to prilocaine and bupivacaine, respectively. The duration of infiltration
      anaesthesia was not affected by the addition of HA to the local anaesthetic
      solutions. Addition of HA had no effect on the onset, depth and duration of
      prilocaine-induced block of the nervous transmission in vitro. The duration of
      infra-orbital nerve block and spinal anaesthesia shows a significant relation to
      the relative viscosity of the local anaesthetic solution.

PMID- 3874512
TI  - Search for autoantibodies to endothelial and smooth muscle cells in patients with
      multiple sclerosis.
AB  - The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is disrupted in many of the lesions of multiple
      sclerosis (MS). Immunologically mediated injury to one of the major components of
      this barrier, the cerebral capillary, may play a role in the development of the
      lesion. We therefore examined the sera of 51 cases of MS for the presence of
      autoantibodies to endothelial and smooth muscle cells, using the indirect
      immunofluorescent technique. The results were compared to those in other groups
      of patients with neuroimmunological disorders. We found no anti-endothelial cell
      antibodies, but autoantibodies to vascular smooth muscle were detectable in 31%
      of the MS sera tested. They were also present, however, in 30% of sera from cases
      of myasthenia gravis and in the serum of one of 12 cases of polymyositis. It is
      considered to be unlikely that antibodies to vascular tissues play any
      pathogenetic role in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3874513
TI  - Relationships between the menopause and risk factors for ischaemic heart disease.
AB  - There are still contradictory opinions as to whether there is an association
      between menopausal age and ischaemic heart disease or not. There is, however, no
      doubt about the existence of a number of relationships between menstrual status
      and different risk factors for ischaemic heart disease. Thus, smoking will give
      rise to an earlier menopause, while the menopause will give rise to increased
      serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels but seems to influence arterial
      blood pressure and body weight in the opposite way. The relationships between the
      menopause and risk factors for ischaemic heart disease are complex, which may be
      one reason for the contradictory results when relating menopausal age to the
      incidence of ischaemic heart disease.

PMID- 3874514
TI  - Correlation of androgen receptors with histological differentiation in human
      endometrial carcinomas.
AB  - Primary endometrial carcinomas from 35 non-treated patients were investigated by
      measurement of androgen receptors in the tumor cytosols. Receptor analysis was
      done with a labelled synthetic androgen, methyltrienolone 3H-R1881 and
      triamcinolone acetonide, and dextran-coated charcoal absorption. The
      concentrations of androgen receptors in the endometrial carcinomas were, in
      decreasing order: highly-differentiated tumors, 15.7 +/- 1.8 (fmol/mg protein,
      mean +/- SE) (number of cases, 21); moderately differentiated tumors, 4.6 +/- 1.6
      (n = 7); poorly differentiated tumors, undetectable in 7 out of 8 cases. Highly
      differentiated tumors contained a much greater concentration of receptors than
      the two less differentiated ones. One highly-differentiated endometrial carcinoma
      with pyometra virtually lacked the receptor. The moderately differentiated
      endometrial carcinomas contained very low levels of the receptors. The poorly
      differentiated tumors virtually lacked the receptors. Metastatic lymph nodes from
      primary endometrial carcinomas with moderate differentiation had a very low
      receptor level. From these results, it is concluded that human endometrial
      carcinomas, particularly with histologically high differentiation, contain a
      considerable amount of androgen receptor and that the receptor concentrations
      appear to correlate with the histologic grade of tumor differentiation.

PMID- 3874515
TI  - Acoustic neurinomas.
AB  - Eight nerve tumors account for about 8 to 10% of all intracranial tumors, and for
      about 71 to 75% of all cerebello-pontine angle tumors. They occur particularly in
      the middle decades of life and are twice as frequent in females as in males. They
      originate from the distal neurolemmal portion of the nerve, in most instances,
      from the vestibular division, and represent a neoplasia of the cells of Schwann.
      Two prominent types of tissue "A" and "B" of Antoni can be distinguished
      histologically. Regressive changes are frequent and lend them a colorful
      appearance. Bilateral eighth nerve tumors occur in about 4%. These tumors reveal
      certain characteristic differences. The differential diagnosis must include:
      meningiomas, epidermoids and gliomas, as well as a number of other space
      occupying lesions.

PMID- 3874516
TI  - Branhamella catarrhalis in acute otitis media.
AB  - A total of 5217 middle ear fluid (MEF) samples obtained from 1203 children with
      otitis media, aged 3 months to 6 years, were studied for the presence of
      Branhamella catarrhalis (Br) between Oct. 1977 and Sept. 1981. Br grew in 10.2%
      of 3497 MEFs of acute otitis media (AOM), with almost the same frequency in the
      very first and subsequent attacks. During the first 4 years of life the
      percentage did not vary much; among older children it seemed to decrease. The
      overall prevalence of Br in AOM did not change during the study period. Br alone
      grew in 72.4% of acute MEFs with Br; with other bacteria the respective figure
      was 82.9% (p less than 0.001). Acute attacks with bilateral Br were found in
      22.8% of attacks with Br. In 1720 non-acute MEFs obtained at postacute control
      visits, Br was isolated in only 7.0%. The proportion of beta-lactamase-producing
      strains among the 2419 otitis-Br strains tested in two laboratories of the two
      study regions showed an increase from 27.1% and 21.1% in 1980 to 57.6% and 38.6%
      in 1983, respectively (p less than 0.001).

PMID- 3874517
TI  - The central nervous system in deaf adolescents.
AB  - Studies were made on 100 pupils, recruited from occupational rehabilitation
      schools for the deaf in Krakow. They underwent general medical as well as
      specialist examinations. Deafness was found up to the age of 3 years in 75% of
      those examined. In 30% of the subjects, their vestibular system was paralysed,
      ophthalmological disorders were found in 95% of cases, neurological disturbances
      in 15% and pathological changes of the central nervous system in 65% of cases
      were recorded by EEG. We did not look for evidence that deafness causes
      anatomical changes in the central nervous system, but the disturbances observed
      nevertheless indicate a correlation with congenital or early acquired deafness.

PMID- 3874518
TI  - Electrical tinnitus control.
AB  - A new method of electrical tinnitus control employs sine-wave frequencies, slowly
      varying between 0.2 and 20 kHz and modulating a 60 kHz carrier. The latter
      literally carries the audio-frequencies "under the skin" via external electrodes
      placed on both mastoids. Patients undergo exposure at home. The dosis increases
      from 1 h/day to maximally 5 h/day. Suppression is achieved in about 60% of
      selected patients. Once tinnitus is under control, usually after 3-5 sessions,
      exposure may be reduced.

PMID- 3874519
TI  - An objective testing method to determine driving ability.
AB  - The pendular test was used to study turning sensations of aspirants with
      "physiological spontaneous nystagmus". A steering wheel was attached to the
      pendular chair and persons were asked to turn against the chair rotation. Chair
      movement, steering wheel and horizontal nystagmus were computer-analysed. The
      correlation between cumulogram of slow nystagmus phases and steering wheel
      rotations was evaluated and the value of the steering wheel and eye movement were
      calculated. It could be shown that the compensation of the pendular chair by the
      means of the steering wheel was symmetric in healthy persons in spite of the
      presence of spontaneous nystagmus. In patients with dizziness, no symmetric
      reaction was recorded.

PMID- 3874520
TI  - Ciliogenesis in human vestibular epithelia. A scanning electron microscopic
      study.
AB  - Ciliogenesis events in human vestibular epithelia develop as an asynchronous
      process between neighbouring cells, but it is a synchronous one within each
      sensory cell, presenting the following stages. Initially, the cilia buds appear
      as stubby cylinders well aligned on the cuticular plate of the presumptive
      sensory cell. In the next stage, ciliary growth occurs at one pole of the
      cuticular plate where elongation of the kinocilium and the nearby stereocilia can
      be observed. Posteriorly, the elongation of the kinocilium and the nearby
      stereocilia continues, remaining shorter than the other emerging stereocilia
      buds. Finally, the staircase height pattern of the mature sensory hair bundle is
      reached by means of a ciliary buds differential elongation.

PMID- 3874522
TI  - A standardized human T-lymphocyte proliferation assay for detecting soluble
      accessory factors from monocytes. II. Interleukin-1 production and detection.
AB  - Conditions for production and detection of a monocyte-derived interleukin-1 like
      accessory factor were investigated. The production of the accessory factor was
      not increased quantitatively by changes in monocyte concentration or incubation
      times. Lipopolysaccharides stimulated monocytes to accessory factor production in
      a broad range of concentrations, and it was active even in concentrations below
      the often registered endotoxin contamination of commercial culture media. Thus,
      to avoid unintended monocyte stimulation culture conditions should be endotoxin
      free. The accessory factor was heat-labile, had a MW between 10 and 40 K, was co
      mitogenic to PHA-stimulated monocyte depleted cells and it did not support the
      growth of an interleukin-2 dependent cell-line. Thus the factor shares
      characteristics with and might be identical to interleukin-1. The conditions
      previously defined for the demonstration of accessory effect of monocytes were
      also optimal for demonstration of interleukin-1 in supernatants from
      lipopolysaccharide stimulated monocyte cultures.

PMID- 3874521
TI  - Directional preponderance of nystagmus and excitement of autonomic nervous
      system.
AB  - Since autonomic nervous dysfunction is the most common predetermining factor of
      vertigo, the functional relationship between these two systems was studied using
      the rabbits. Cervical sympathectomy or electric stimulation of the superior
      cervical ganglion were given to the animal on one hand, and modulation of the
      blood pressure and electric stimulation of the hypothalamus were done, on the
      other. These manoeuvres rarely induced asymmetry of the vestibulo-ocular reflex
      (VOR). However, when other pairs of conditions were combined, such as cervical
      ganglion stimulation and BP modulation, or sympathectomy and hypothalamic
      stimulation, directional preponderance of VOR became prominent. This experimental
      model seems to explain the mechanism of vertigo observed.

PMID- 3874523
TI  - Fatigue in frog skeletal muscle fibres and effects of methylxanthine derivatives.
AB  - The influence of theophylline and the related drug caffeine on the mechanical
      performance of fatigued muscle fibre isolated from semitendinosus muscle of Rana
      temporaria (2.5-6.7 degrees C) was investigated. The fibre was stimulated
      supramaximally to produce I s fused tetani and 2 s and 10 s partially fused
      tetani at intervals of 10 min. Fatigue was produced by shortening the contraction
      interval to 15 and 30 s. This caused a 15-20% decline in the maximum tension
      during fused tetanus and a 40-50% decline during partially fused tetanus.
      Theophylline and caffeine (0.1-0.5 mM) did not change the maximum tension
      developed by the fatigued fibre during fused tetanization. Both drugs, however,
      markedly increased the tension output of the fatigued muscle fibre during
      partially fused tetanus. It was observed that the increase in partially fused
      tetanic tension by theophylline and caffeine was associated with an increase in
      the degree of fusion. This later effect was even more pronounced in the presence
      of diethyl-stilboestrol. It is concluded that these drugs may not reverse the
      metabolic changes caused by fatigue, since they are unnable to increase fused
      tetanic force of a fatigued muscle fibre. The increase in partially fused tetanic
      tension of a fatigued muscle fibre by these drugs is probably due to enhancement
      of the activator calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in response to
      stimulation.

PMID- 3874524
TI  - Suicidal behavior among patients in Bavarian mental hospitals.
AB  - The present research is a retrospective study to establish whether the number of
      suicides and attempted suicides has varied over two decades and which factors -
      size of the hospitals, patient admissions, physician and nursing personnel
      relationship with the patients, and forced admissions - are connected with such
      change. The analysis covers the decades 1950-1959 and 1967-1976. It was possible
      to establish a significant increase in attempted suicide and suicide during the
      second decade relative to the first one. The increase in suicide rate was
      observed in only three of the 10 investigated hospitals, while the attempted
      suicide rate increased in four hospitals. A relationship between number of beds
      and attempted suicide was observed only during the second decade and for suicide
      only in the first decade. In both decades forced admission had a significant
      influence on attempted suicide in contrast to suicide.

PMID- 3874525
TI  - Prevalence of psychological disorders in the Athens area. Prediction of causal
      factors.
AB  - A two-phase cross-sectional study on the prevalence of psychological disorders
      was carried out in a sample of 1,574 adult male and female residents of two
      boroughs in the greater Athens area. The analysis focused on the detection of any
      possible effects (risk factors) that personal data (such as sociodemographic
      profile, use of psychiatric services, medication and experience of stressful life
      events) may have on mental health; information about the latter was assessed by
      Langner's scale. The findings are that all the independent variables investigated
      affect the respondents' psychological status, although interactive effects
      between variables predicted different patterns of psychopathological symptom
      formation.

PMID- 3874526
TI  - Adolescent alcohol and substance use and abuse: a cause for concern or for
      complacency.

PMID- 3874527
TI  - On processes of peer influences in adolescent drug use: a developmental
      perspective.
AB  - Data from longitudinal studies of adolescents carried out over the last ten years
      are reviewed to provide an integrated and dynamic perspective on the nature of
      friendships and processes of peer influence in adolescent drug involvement,
      within a general developmental perspective. Four interrelated questions are
      examined: What individual attributes are especially important in the formation of
      friendships among adolescents? Which of two processes, selection or
      socialization, account for the similarity in values and behaviors observed in
      ongoing friendship dyads, and how important is similarity in friendship formation
      and dissolution? What is the nature of friends' influence as compared to
      parents', and in which domains of adolescent's life do these influences exert
      themselves? What mechanisms, role modeling or social learning, underlie processes
      of interpersonal influences? Relational dyadic and triadic samples of adolescents
      matched to a parent and/or a best friend and observed at one point in time as
      well as over time provide important and relatively rare sources of data on
      processes of interpersonal influence. Sociodemographic characteristics are the
      strongest determinants of friendship formation, with participation in illicit
      drugs following next in importance. Both selection (assortative pairing) and
      socialization contribute to observed similarity in friendship pairs. Adolescents
      coordinate their choice of friends and their values and behaviors, in particular
      the use of marijuana, so as to maximize congruency in the friendship dyad. If
      there is a state of unbalance such that the friend's attitude or behavior is
      inconsistent with the adolescent's, the adolescent will either break off the
      friendship and seek another friend or will keep the friend and modify his or her
      own behavior. Both parents and peers can have strong influences on adolescents,
      depending upon the arena of influence. Parents are especially important for
      future life plans, while peers are most important for involvement in illicit drug
      use. However, for drug use itself, there are different patterns of influence
      depending upon the stage of drug involvement. Peers are especially important for
      initiation into marijuana use, while parental factors gain in importance in the
      transition from marijuana use to the use of other illicit drugs. Interpersonal
      influences of peers on ongoing marijuana and alcohol use result from modeling and
      imitation more than from social reinforcement and the transmission of values.

PMID- 3874528
TI  - Father's influence on his daughter's marijuana use viewed in a mother and peer
      context.
AB  - A study of the fathers' impact on their daughters' marijuana use is presented
      viewed in the context of the mother and the daughters' peer group. Four hundred
      and three female college student volunteers and their fathers were administered
      closed-ended questionnaires which included a number of scales assessing various
      parental and peer characteristics. The results indicated that the domain (set) of
      paternal variables had a direct impact on daughters' marijuana use independent of
      the effects of the maternal domain. However, in the case of the peer group, the
      fathers' effects on daughters' marijuana use were not direct but were mediated
      through the peer domain. In addition, individual protective (nondrug-conducive)
      paternal variables served to mitigate the effects of certain maternal and peer
      risk (drug conductive) factors on the daughters' marijuana use. The findings
      underscore the importance of identifying those paternal factors that exert an
      influence on the daughters' marijuana use alone or in combination with other
      interpersonal (maternal, peer) factors.

PMID- 3874529
TI  - The epidemiology of alcohol and drug abuse among adolescents.
AB  - The primary purpose of this paper was to review systematically some of the more
      salient findings from a decade of research on the epidemiology of alcohol and
      drug abuse among adolescents. Data from most of the on-going nationwide studies
      regarding lifetime, past year, and past month use of various drugs were examined.
      While there is evidence of a downturn for some of the indicators, it is still too
      early to know if this is a temporary shift in rates or the beginning of
      meaningful trends toward lower levels of drug use. The second purpose was to
      challenge the alcohol and drug fields to consider more seriously the problem of
      multiple drug use and abuse. This was accomplished by showing that the relative
      percentage of youth who have used "only marijuana" has gone down as the
      percentage of youth who have used marijuana, other illicit drugs, and cigarettes
      and alcohol as well, has increased. Regression and discriminant analyses of data
      from the 1980 Monitoring the Future study of high school seniors reveals that
      variables that previously have differentiated users from nonusers are also useful
      in differentiating types of multiple drug users. The most important conclusion
      from this paper is that persons characterized as "daily" users of marijuana are
      better typed as multiple drug users.

PMID- 3874530
TI  - The adaptive significance of chronic marijuana use for adolescents and adults.
AB  - To the degree that the adults were aware of their difficulties, they saw
      marijuana as an escape from them, or as providing relief or enhancing their
      ability to cope with them. Neither they nor we saw marijuana as the cause of
      their problems. Rather, it served for most to help maintain them in a troubled
      adaptation, reenforcing their tendency not to look at, understand, or attempt to
      master their difficulties. It served to detach them from their problems, and
      helped them to regard even serious difficulties as unimportant. Marijuana
      provided a buffer zone of sensation that functioned as a barrier against self
      awareness and closeness to others. Marijuana enabled the adolescents to avoid
      choices and challenges associated with growing up. The adults we studied appeared
      to have been obliged by time to make choices for which they were not prepared,
      and with which they were not satisfied. To the extent that their futures had
      caught up with them, they used marijuana in an attempt to diminish awareness of
      their limitations and convince themselves their problems were insignificant. If
      the adolescents used marijuana to detach themselves from troubled relationships
      with their families and to avoid planning for the future, what we have learned
      from the adult marijuana users provides a perspective on what these young
      persons' lives are likely to become.

PMID- 3874531
TI  - [Involvement of Ia-positive accessory cells for activation of cytotoxic T
      lymphocyte specific for melanocyte-associated antigens in patients with Vogt
      Koyanagi-Harada disease].

PMID- 3874532
TI  - [Electrical responses of the retinal pigment epithelium to hyperosmolarity].

PMID- 3874533
TI  - [A case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after chemotherapy of bladder tumor].
AB  - This is a case report on a 70-year-old male patient. During chemotherapy
      treatment after a bladder tumor operation, the patient had a complication of
      pneumonia which did not respond to various antibiotics. From clinical
      observations and chest X-ray, it was diagnosed as pneumocystis carinii (PC)
      pneumonia and was cured by medication of Co-trimoxazole.

PMID- 3874534
TI  - Are the findings from the randomized Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) of
      value in the management of patients soon after acute myocardial infarction?

PMID- 3874535
TI  - Interhospital transport of patients with ongoing intraaortic balloon pumping.
AB  - During a 5-year period (1979 to 1983), 50 consecutive patients undergoing
      continuous intraaortic balloon (IAB) pumping were transferred from Evanston
      Hospital to Northwestern Memorial Hospital (16 miles), where they underwent
      cardiac operation. All patients had cardiac catheterization before transfer.
      Indications for IAB were cardiogenic shock (9 patients), postinfarction angina
      (18 patients), unstable angina (9 patients), evolving myocardial infarction (3
      patients), accelerating angina or hemodynamic instability during cardiac
      catheterization (9 patients) and prophylactic insertion for high-grade left main
      stenosis (2 patients). Transportation after stabilization was uneventful in all
      patients. All patients underwent operative coronary revascularization. There was
      concomitant mitral valve replacement in 3 patients, acute ventricular septal
      defect repair in 1 patient, aortic valve replacement in 1, and ventricular
      aneurysmectomy in 1. Three patients (5%) died postoperatively. Nine patients
      (20%) had complications directly related to IAB insertion. One patient required
      femoral-femoral arterial bypass preoperatively, 4 patients had postoperative
      lower limb ischemia treated by IAB removal or thrombectomy and 1 patient had
      thrombocytopenia (less than 60,000/mm3), 1 false aneurysm, 1 anterior compartment
      syndrome and 1 prolonged bleeding at the insertion site. Interhospital transfer
      with IAB pumping in progress should not be restricted to patients with
      cardiogenic shock, but can be effectively used for all patients who require
      preoperative IAB insertion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3874536
TI  - The association of intakes of vitamin D and calcium with blood pressure among
      women.
AB  - Blood pressure and its relationship to nutritional factors, particularly intakes
      of calcium and vitamin D, were evaluated among 86 women, aged 20-35 yr, and 222
      women, aged 55-80 yr, who were not using diuretics. Observations were based on a
      study of bone density among women in two communities which included blood
      pressure determinations, a food frequency estimate of calcium intake, a 24-h
      dietary recall and an extensive supplement use history. There was no significant
      relationship between estimated current dietary calcium consumption and blood
      pressure in either age group. However, in younger women, there was a significant
      inverse relationship between estimated dietary intake of vitamin D and systolic
      blood pressure which remained significant (p = 0.0016) after adjusting for age,
      Quetelet index, alcohol consumption and calcium intake. Older women whose
      consumption of both vitamin D and calcium was less than the Recommended Dietary
      Allowance, 400 IU/day and 800 mg/day respectively, had a significantly higher
      systolic blood pressure (p = 0.0371) than their counterparts whose estimated
      intake met the RDA for at least one of the two nutrients. Vitamin D may be
      related to blood pressure through its regulation of calcium absorption from the
      gut or its interaction with parathyroid hormone in maintaining plasma calcium
      homeostasis.

PMID- 3874537
TI  - Morphologic and immunologic evidence of composite B- and T-cell lymphomas. A
      report of three cases developing in follicular center cell lymphomas.
AB  - Composite lymphoma (CL) may be defined as two lymphomas, differing as to their
      cell of origin, that occur simultaneously in the same tissue specimen. While CL
      usually is indicated histopathologically by at least two morphologically distinct
      lymphomatous proliferations, the proof that these proliferations are separate and
      distinct neoplasms requires immunologic analysis. Many so-called cases of CL
      actually represent the well-known phenomenon of lymphoid transformation, in which
      there is a small cell and a large cell component in the same specimen.
      Immunologic studies in these cases have shown that the cytologically distinct
      neoplastic cells represent different stages in the same cell line. While studying
      a large series of follicular center cell (FCC) lymphomas, the authors recognized
      three cases in which there was both morphologic and immunologic evidence of a
      true CL. Following an initial diagnosis of a nodular FCC lymphoma, rebiopsies
      from 21 to 62 months later showed the coexistence of a nodular FCC (B-cell)
      component and a diffuse large cell (T-cell) component.

PMID- 3874538
TI  - Late infantile tetany and secondary hyperparathyroidism in infants fed humanized
      cow milk formula. Longitudinal follow-up.
AB  - Five full-term infants with birth weights appropriate for gestational age
      presented with hypocalcemic tetany at 5 to 9 days of age. All infants had been
      fed Similac 20, a cow milk formula. Initial mean serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus
      (P), and magnesium (Mg) levels of the tetanic infants were 6.8, 9.5, and 1.6
      mg/dL, respectively. The mean serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level was elevated
      at 79 mu LEq/mL (adult normal values, less than or equal to 57 mu LEq/mL).
      Following restoration of normocalcemia with Ca supplements, feeding was
      reinstituted with Similac 20 in two infants and Similac PM 60/40 in three
      infants. Serum biochemical and hormonal values were compared with those of 18
      exclusively breast-fed infants followed up from three weeks to six months and 14
      Similac 20-fed full-term infants followed up from one week to six months. In
      tetanic infants, serum Ca concentrations became elevated (10.4 +/- 0.05 mg/dL;
      mean +/- SEM) by six weeks (vs 9.2 +/- 0.3 mg/dL in breast-fed infants) (P less
      than .001) and serum Mg concentrations (2.26 +/- 0.01 mg/dL) by four weeks (vs
      1.92 +/- 0.07 mg/dL in breast-fed infants) (P less than .01). Mean serum P
      concentrations declined progressively. Mean serum PTH concentrations were
      elevated and ranged from 74 to 143 mu LEq/mL at two to 16 weeks (vs mean 28 to 35
      mu LEq/mL in breast-fed infants (P less than .0001). In 14 formula-fed-nontetanic
      full-term infants, serum PTH concentrations were intermediate between formula-fed
      tetanic and breast-fed infants, mean serum Ca concentrations ranged from 10.2 to
      10.4 mg/dL, and mean serum P concentrations declined from 8.3 to 7.1 mg/dL. We
      speculate that acute hypocalcemic tetany in the study infants was induced by the
      relatively high P load in cow milk formulas (vs human milk); with the continued P
      load, secondary hyperparathyroidism continued, maintaining P, Ca, and Mg
      homeostasis.

PMID- 3874539
TI  - Severe bleeding from herpes esophagitis.
AB  - We describe a patient with the unusual complication of massive upper
      gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to herpetic esophagitis, whose bleeding
      persisted despite a vigorous antireflux regimen but who responded dramatically to
      intravenous acyclovir. The patient is reported to underscore the importance of
      considering herpetic infection of the esophagus as a cause of severe
      gastrointestinal bleeding so that appropriate therapy may be instituted.

PMID- 3874540
TI  - Night blindness after jejunoileal bypass surgery.
AB  - A 53-year-old woman developed night blindness 9 years after jejunoileal bypass
      surgery. Abnormal rod function was confirmed by dark-adapted electroretinography,
      and vitamin A deficiency was confirmed by low serum levels of vitamin A and
      carotene. Administration of oral vitamin A supplementation resulted in complete
      resolution of the patient's symptom and return of the electroretinogram to
      normal. Based on this case and the four previously reported cases, we suggest
      that jejunoileal bypass patients be routinely questioned about decreased night
      vision. Patients with this complaint should undergo thorough ophthalmic
      evaluation. Dark-adapted electroretinography or dark adaptation testing should be
      done to establish the presence of abnormal rod function, and serum levels of
      vitamin A or carotene should be obtained to identify the cause. It is important
      to identify vitamin A-deficient patients because of their potential to develop
      permanent impairment of night vision.

PMID- 3874541
TI  - Colonic diverticulum perforation: report of two cases as a complication of
      coronary artery bypass (perforated diverticulum after coronary artery bypass).
AB  - Perforation of a sigmoid diverticulum occurred in two patients in the immediate
      postoperative period after coronary artery surgery. Etiological factors leading
      to diverticular perforation after coronary artery bypass grafting are discussed.
      The significance of pneumoperitoneum on the postoperative chest radiograph, which
      prompted diagnosis in these cases, is also discussed.

PMID- 3874542
TI  - Depressive symptoms, social networks and social support of elderly women.
AB  - A total of 1,144 white married women aged 65-75 years living in Washington
      County, Maryland were interviewed during February-August 1979 as part of a larger
      study. This cross-sectional analysis was undertaken to investigate the question
      of whether or not selected demographic, social network, and social support
      characteristics of these women were related to their level of depressive
      symptoms. Women at the low end of the socioeconomic scale were found more likely
      to have a high level of depressive symptoms than were women at the high end. Two
      structural characteristics, size and homogeneity of the social network, were also
      found to be related to symptoms of depression, although only homogeneity of the
      social network reached statistical significance. There was a larger percentage of
      women with a high level of depressive symptoms among those with small networks
      and among those with heterogeneous networks. Those women with good quality
      networks, which offer the opportunity for social support, were much less likely
      to have a high level of depressive symptoms than others. Cross-sectionally,
      social network factors were related to level of depressive symptoms; this
      relationship now needs to be demonstrated prospectively.

PMID- 3874543
TI  - Occupational noise exposure, noise-induced hearing loss, and the epidemiology of
      high blood pressure.
AB  - The role of noise exposure in the etiology of high blood pressure is unclear. A
      cross-sectional study of occupational noise exposure and high blood pressure was
      conducted in March 1981-August 1982 in a group of blue-collar workers from a
      noisy (greater than or equal to 89 dBA) and a less noisy plant (less than 81
      dBA). There were 197 randomly sampled men from the noisier plant and 169 from the
      comparison factory. Clinical examinations, audiograms and a psychologic inventory
      were conducted. Body mass index, alcohol intake, and family history of
      hypertension were comparable for the two groups. There was no difference in mean
      systolic or diastolic blood pressure between workers in the two plants. There
      was, however, a strong relationship between severe noise-induced hearing loss
      (greater than or equal to 65 dBA loss at 3, 4, or 6 k Hz) and high blood pressure
      (greater than or equal to 90 mmHg diastolic or taking blood pressure medication)
      in the 56+ age group in both plants after adjusting for risk factors (p less than
      0.02). Multiple regression analysis revealed that in the noisier plant, body mass
      index, severe noise-induced hearing loss, and noisy hobbies explained a
      significant amount of the variation in diastolic pressure (p less than 0.05) R2 =
      0.19. This suggests that there may be a population at increased risk for hearing
      loss and high blood pressure.

PMID- 3874544
TI  - Relationship of exercise, oral contraceptive use, and body fat to concentrations
      of plasma lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol in young women.
AB  - To investigate the relationship of exercise and oral contraceptive use to plasma
      lipids and lipoproteins, a cross-sectional study was designed to compare lipid
      levels in 96 exercising and non-exercising women who used or did not use oral
      contraceptives. Exercisers had significantly lower plasma triglyceride
      concentrations and low-density/high-density lipoprotein ratios than non
      exercisers after adjustment for differences in pill type distribution between
      groups. Women using progestin-dominant pills had significantly lower plasma
      triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein concentrations and significantly higher
      low-density/high-density lipoprotein ratios compared with women using
      estrogen/progestin-balanced pills. As body fat was significantly associated with
      both pill type and physical activity, it is unclear how much of these lipoprotein
      differences were due to body fat, exercise, or pill use. Regular physical
      activity together with reduced body fat partially compensated for plasma
      lipoprotein differences associated with oral contraceptive use.

PMID- 3874545
TI  - HLA-B27-associated heart disease.

PMID- 3874546
TI  - Predictive factors for response to anti-thymocyte globulin in acquired aplastic
      anemia.
AB  - Lymphocyte phenotype, bone marrow cellularity, in vitro marrow growth potential,
      and treatment responses were examined in 22 patients with acquired aplastic
      anemia who were given anti-thymocyte globulin. Eleven of 22 patients (50 percent)
      had a significant hematologic response within three months of therapy, confirming
      the effectiveness of this therapy. Pretreatment fetal hemoglobin concentration,
      age, sex, severity of pancytopenia, degree of maximal lymphopenia, and total
      hemolytic complement consumption did not affect response. Patients with severe
      disease who were treated within 16 weeks after diagnosis had a higher response
      rate (55 percent) than those treated after 16 weeks (20 percent). In patients
      with severe disease, a higher pretherapy bone marrow cellularity (p less than
      0.001) and presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony growth correlated with
      response. The actuarial survival of patients with response in the group with
      severe disease was 100 percent at 12 months as compared with 33 percent in
      patients without response. Following anti-thymocyte globulin therapy, a reduced
      number of blood lymphocyte T subpopulations was seen in all patients. At three
      months after therapy, the patients with response who had severe disease had
      increased T8-positive cells (+56 percent versus -4 percent for patients without
      response) and la-positive cells (+32 percent versus -62 percent).

PMID- 3874547
TI  - A theory for timely teaching.

PMID- 3874548
TI  - A return to maternal mortality studies: a necessary effort.
AB  - This report reviews the experience of the Santa Clara County Maternal Mortality
      Study Committee, which continued its local activity after the termination of
      California state-supported study groups in 1970. A study of 36 maternal deaths
      among approximately 262,000 live births was compiled over a 13-year period,
      between 1971 and 1983, in a population group representative of much of
      California. Although based on a small population sample, the results indicate an
      imperative need for such reviews to improve the quality of clinical care and to
      develop significant statistical information on the incidence and causes of
      maternal mortality. The historical development of study committees throughout the
      United States illustrates the necessity of standardized definitions and uniform
      methodology among study groups in all states and territories. A nationwide study
      is proposed to obtain a broad-based, cumulative maternal mortality series,
      directed toward the eventual elimination of preventable maternal deaths. The
      current effort by a special interest group in the American College of
      Obstetricians and Gynecologists is commended for beginning this task.

PMID- 3874549
TI  - Color-axis determination on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test.
AB  - Error scores on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test were partitioned into those
      representing red-green and those representing blue-yellow losses. Data from two
      groups of normal observers were used. One group showed results characteristic of
      published norms; one group showed superior performance. Both observers showed a
      correlation between red-green and blue-yellow scores indicative of a strong
      performance factor in this test. The difference between blue-yellow and red-green
      scores eliminates their correlated variance and allows evaluation of the axis.
      Both groups showed an increase in difference scores, with age indicating
      development of a blue-yellow axis. This increase was significant for the
      observers characteristic of the norms. We suggest cutoff scores to allow a
      decision as to whether a given patient shows a blue-yellow or red-green axis.

PMID- 3874550
TI  - Stromal keratitis complicating anterior membrane dystrophy.
AB  - Recurrent erosion of the cornea has been well documented in patients with
      nontraumatic anterior membrane dystrophies of various types. We examined five
      patients who, in addition to an erosion, developed stromal keratitis. Three of
      these patients were subjected to a complete microbiologic workup, but the lesions
      were all sterile. The lesions healed with conservative treatment of patching and,
      in some cases, a soft contact lens. Stromal keratitis should be recognized as a
      complication of the non-traumatic recurrent erosion syndrome, which in turn is
      frequently associated with anterior membrane dystrophy. The finding of such
      anterior membrane changes in either eye will lead to the correct diagnosis and
      treatment of the affected eye.

PMID- 3874552
TI  - An 11-cent test for low-illumination visual dysfunction (nyctalopia)

PMID- 3874551
TI  - Methicillin- and gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis
      after intraocular surgery.

PMID- 3874553
TI  - Use of simulated work testing in cardiac rehabilitation: a case report.
AB  - A significant percentage of patients do not return to work after myocardial
      infarction or coronary artery bypass surgery for nonmedical reasons. These
      reasons include unwarranted medical restrictions, patient anxiety concerning
      ability to meet job demands, apprehensive family members, and fearful employers.
      A case study is presented to illustrate how occupational therapists can enhance a
      patient's work potential by using skills in activity analysis to develop
      simulated work evaluations. Satisfactory performance on a test that closely
      simulates work demands can help the physician, patient, family, and employer gain
      confidence in the patient's ability to return to work.

PMID- 3874555
TI  - Large granular lymphocyte leukemia in F344 rats. Model for human T gamma
      lymphoma, malignant histiocytosis, and T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3874556
TI  - Greater ATP dependence than sodium dependence of radiocalcium efflux in bullfrog
      ventricle.
AB  - 45Ca efflux was studied in intact bullfrog ventricles following a 2-h period of
      loading with radiocalcium-containing Ringer solution. The cannulated ventricle
      was placed in a closed air-filled container to which were applied rhythmic,
      electronically timed, positive- and negative-pressure pulsations, which induced
      ventricular volume excursions. The mechanical arrangement and timing circuitry
      made it possible for each period to be as short in duration as 15 s. By use of
      this technique, penetration of the extracellular space by [14C]inulin was found
      to be complete within 30 s, and recovery of the inulin proceeded with a time
      constant of 17-24 s, indicating a completeness of recovery of 98% within 90 s.
      Washout of added 45Ca was quantitatively quite close to that of inulin, and in
      addition the estimated rate of sequestration of the isotope was slow enough to
      introduce only a small error into the experimental results. 45Ca efflux was only
      slightly (15%) sensitive to replacement of extracellular sodium but was
      profoundly sensitive to the inhibitors of ATP synthesis, cyanide and 2-deoxy
      glucose.

PMID- 3874554
TI  - Microenvironments in the normal thymus and the thymus in myasthenia gravis.
AB  - The disposition of epithelial cells and extracellular matrix, in the thymus of 8
      cases of myasthenia gravis (MG) and in controls (over a wide age range) was
      studied. In the controls, the subcapsular epithelium was strongly Leu-7-positive
      in the fetus, negative in childhood, and positive again in adults. Another
      antibody, RFD4, also labeled the subcapsular epithelium in childhood and adults,
      but not fetal samples. The samples from MG cases showed the same staining pattern
      as adult control samples. The medullary epithelium was also RFD4+, and at all
      ages. The most striking changes in the advanced cases of MG were the unusual
      arrangement and hypertrophic appearance of medullary epithelial cell areas,
      separated by laminin-positive basement membranes from the alternating multiple
      bands of peripheral lymph-node-like areas. The latter had regions resembling the
      paracortex of lymph nodes as well as germinal centers (GCs). The T-cell zones
      contained heavy deposits of fibronectin. These T-cell zones were unique to the
      thymus in MG and were absent in the two normal thymic samples with isolated GCs.
      In MG the laminin-containing basement membrane, which separated the medullary
      epithelial and peripheral lymph-node-like areas, was fenestrated at circumscribed
      points closest to the GCs, thus apparently permitting communication among the
      medullary epithelium, the T-cell zones, the GCs and the associated antigen
      presenting cells. Large numbers of interdigitating cells and some lymphocytes of
      cortical thymocyte phenotype were also found at these special sites, where
      opportunities for autosensitization may persist in MG.

PMID- 3874557
TI  - Bioassay of endothelium-derived relaxing factor(s): inactivation by
      catecholamines.
AB  - A bioassay technique was developed to analyze the effect of vasoactive
      substance(s) released from endothelial cells. Canine femoral arteries with or
      without endothelium were perfused with physiological salt solution at 37 degrees
      C. The perfusate was bioassayed with a ring of coronary artery without
      endothelium. A substance(s) released by the endothelial cells under basal
      conditions caused relaxation of unstimulated coronary arteries or relaxation of
      those contracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha. The release of the relaxing
      substance(s) was augmented by acetylcholine. The relaxation induced by
      acetylcholine was biphasic: an initial rapid phase followed by a partial recovery
      and a slowly developing prolonged relaxation; the half-life of the substance(s)
      causing the initial phase averaged 6.3 s. Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and
      ascorbic acid, given downstream of the femoral artery, reversibly prevented the
      second phase but only attenuated the initial relaxation. These observations
      indicate that an endothelium-derived relaxing substance(s) is released into the
      lumen of the femoral artery under basal conditions and during stimulation with
      acetylcholine. Catecholamines can inactivate the relaxing substance(s) but do not
      prevent either its production by endothelial cells or its action on vascular
      smooth muscle.

PMID- 3874558
TI  - Corticotropin-releasing factor, sauvagine, and urotensin I: effects on blood
      flow.
AB  - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), sauvagine (SVG), and urotensin I (UI) were
      tested for their effects on superior mesenteric blood flow in conscious dogs.
      Intravenous (iv) administration of CRF, SVG, and UI induced an immediate rise of
      mesenteric blood flow that was associated with a decrease in mean arterial
      pressure and an increase in heart rate. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection
      of SVG and UI, but not CRF, rapidly (within 5 min after injection) elicited a
      long (90 min) elevation of mesenteric blood flow. Central administration of these
      peptides induced a delayed rise in heart rate and slightly elevated mean arterial
      pressure. The finding that CRF given ICV did not increase mesenteric blood flow
      could not be explained by the release of vasoactive agents such as vasopressin,
      epinephrine, or norepinephrine. After injection of CRF, SVG, and UI, plasma
      concentrations of CRF-, SVG-, and UI-like immunoreactivity did not increase as
      determined by radioimmunoassay. These results indicate that SVG and UI, but not
      CRF, administered ICV produce a long increase of mesenteric blood flow in
      conscious dogs. Because iv SVG and UI decrease mean arterial pressure and ICV SVG
      and UI increase mean arterial pressure and do not cause an increase in SVG- and
      UI-like immunoreactivity in the peripheral circulation, it is proposed that SVG
      and UI injected into the third cerebral ventricle act within the central nervous
      system to increase superior mesenteric blood flow in the dog.

PMID- 3874559
TI  - Marijuana use and psychiatric illness: a follow-up study.
AB  - In 1970, 100 regular marijuana users and 50 of their nonuser friends underwent a
      psychiatric evaluation. Of these, 97 users and all 50 nonusers were reinterviewed
      6-7 years later. At follow-up, 60% of both groups had a psychiatric diagnosis.
      Antisocial personality was more prevalent in users; otherwise, there were no
      significant differences in diagnosis. Depression, alcohol abuse, and antisocial
      personality increased in users. However, these increases occurred in subjects who
      had reported problems in these areas in the initial interview but did not then
      meet diagnostic criteria. There was not a significant increase in the total
      number with a diagnosable illness.

PMID- 3874560
TI  - Possible effects of early separation experiences on subsequent immune function in
      adult macaque monkeys.
AB  - The authors studied the immunological influences of maternal or peer separation
      in adult monkeys. Monkeys with early separation experiences were found to have
      reduced proliferative responses to B and T cell mitogens but no differences in
      other immunological parameters compared with nonseparated control subjects.

PMID- 3874561
TI  - How common is delayed posttraumatic stress disorder?

PMID- 3874562
TI  - Esophageal transection fails to salvage high-risk cirrhotic patients with
      variceal bleeding.
AB  - A small proportion of portal hypertensive patients with acute variceal bleeding
      do not respond to medical management and require emergency control of hemorrhage,
      yet are not candidates for shunt surgery. Transgastric esophageal transection and
      stapling of the esophagus has been suggested as a rapid, simple means to halt
      variceal bleeding in such high-risk patients. This should theoretically allow a
      hemorrhage-free interval for resuscitation and improvement in metabolic and
      cardiopulmonary status before definitive shunt surgery. We tested this hypothesis
      in 10 high-risk patients with variceal bleeding who underwent transection of the
      esophagus, sometimes with splenectomy and coronary vein ligation, over a 4 year
      period. In our experience, esophageal transection in high-risk patients with
      variceal bleeding controlled acute variceal hemorrhage, was neither rapid nor
      free of technical misadventures, was associated with a high rate of serious
      postoperative complications resulting in death in nearly all patients, and
      consistently failed to result in sufficient metabolic improvement to permit shunt
      surgery.

PMID- 3874563
TI  - Elaboration of systemic immunity following inner ear immunization.
AB  - The development of systemic humoral and cellular immunity following antigen
      presentation in the inner ear was compared with that seen following middle ear
      and peritoneal inoculation routes. Antibody developing against keyhole limpet
      hemocyanin was measured by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunofiltration assay, and
      cell-mediated immunity was measured by in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis. The
      inner ear and peritoneal routes of antigen presentation resulted in a parallel
      rise in antibody over a 3-week period. In contrast, the middle ear route resulted
      in a weak, transient antibody response by 2 weeks. The acquisition of cell
      mediated immunity occurred earliest (day 14) in the group receiving antigen
      intraperitoneally. A significant but smaller proliferative response was also seen
      in the group receiving antigen via the inner ear route on days 14 and 21. In
      contrast, the middle ear route failed to result in cell-mediated immunity. These
      studies indicate that the inner ear is an effective route of antigen processing
      which results in the acquisition of systemic humoral and cellular immunity. The
      development of systemic immunity, in turn, has been found to be protective of the
      inner ear.

PMID- 3874564
TI  - Factors influencing collagen-induced autoimmune ear disease.
AB  - In 1981, the authors described a type II collagen-induced autoimmune ear disease
      (CIAED) model. The purpose of this study was to gather further evidence that this
      is a sound animal model to use in evaluating inner ear diseases. The temporal
      bone lesions of CIAED in Lewis and Wistar rats were characterized by the presence
      of sensorineural hearing loss with mild atrophy of the organ of Corti and spiral
      ganglion degeneration, vestibular dysfunction with vacuolar degeneration of the
      crista ampullaris, otospongiosis-like lesions in the tympanic annules, cochlear
      vasculitis, and eustachian tube disease. Both cellular and humoral immune
      responses to type II collagen were demonstrated. The induction of ear lesions
      depends on many factors. In general, animals immunized with antigens in complete
      Freund's adjuvant showed relatively more severe lesions than animals immunized
      with antigens in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, but the duration of the
      immunization seems to be a more important factor in reproducing severe lesions.
      The strain and the source of the animals are also important factors in autoimmune
      inner ear diseases, as is the condition of the host animals. Subclinical or
      clinical mycoplasma infection in the rat markedly reduced the incidence and
      severity of lesions in type II collagen-induced arthritis. Many researchers did
      not consider sialoductal adenovirus, widely present among laboratory rats, a
      lesion-producing factor in rats. Although many factors influence the induction
      and severity of CIAED, these animal models provide an excellent new avenue of
      inner ear research.

PMID- 3874565
TI  - Flow injection determination of penicillins using immobilized penicillinase in a
      single bead string reactor.

PMID- 3874566
TI  - Preliminary researches on the characterization of the glycoconjugates in the
      oviduct of Rana esculenta complex during its reproductive cycle.
AB  - Biochemical investigations were carried out on the oviduct of Rana esculenta. It
      was demonstrated that in the oviduct of Rana esculenta there is a
      heteropolysaccharide formed by sulphated acid glycoconjugates and neutral
      glycoproteins. The presence and the functional role of glucidic components are
      discussed and compared to previous histochemical data.

PMID- 3874567
TI  - Detection of air emboli in the left heart by M-mode transesophageal
      echocardiography following cardiopulmonary bypass.

PMID- 3874568
TI  - Computer-assisted continuous infusions of fentanyl during cardiac anesthesia:
      comparison with a manual method.
AB  - The design and implementation of a computer-assisted continuous infusion (CACI)
      system to rapidly attain and maintain a constant plasma fentanyl concentration
      (PFC), as well as a CACI system that allowed the anesthesiologist to change the
      plasma level of fentanyl during cardiac anesthesia, were developed. In 30
      patients (three groups of 10 patients each) these two automated methods of
      fentanyl infusion were compared with a manual fentanyl administration method.
      There was excellent agreement in the measured/predicted PFC ratios with the CACI
      stable fentanyl level system (ratio = 0.99, n = 91) and in the CACI variable
      fentanyl level system (ratio = 1.08, n = 79). The stable fentanyl level group of
      patients received significantly more (P less than 0.05) fentanyl than did the
      other groups. The CACI variable fentanyl level group of patients had greater
      hemodynamic stability, required significantly (P less than 0.05) fewer adjuvant
      drug interventions and experienced significantly (P less than 0.05) fewer
      hypotensive and hypertensive episodes than the manual, bolus fentanyl (control)
      group. These data show that a computer-assisted automated infusion of fentanyl is
      safe and as good as manual methods. CACI has greater potential as a new method of
      intravenous anesthesia administration.

PMID- 3874569
TI  - Malocclusion and facial morphology is there a relationship? An epidemiologic
      study.
AB  - The purpose of this study is to examine associations between facial morphology
      and malocclusion, and to test for sexual dimorphism in such relationships. The
      sample of 500 subjects is studied by roentgenographic cephalometry, using the
      Facial Height Ratio (FHR) of Jarabak as the mensurational approach to describe
      craniofacial morphology. Significant findings are: Neutral pattern is dominant in
      Class I and Class II1 malocclusions. Hypodivergent pattern is dominant in Class
      II2 and Class III malocclusions. The majority of females demonstrate a neutral
      pattern, whereas the majority of males demonstrate a hypodivergent pattern.
      Sexual dimorphism in pattern is greatest in Class II1 and Class III. Males show a
      greater tendency toward prognathism, while females tend toward orthognathism and
      retrognathism. Mean values of all linear measurements in males are larger than in
      females. Relatively strong correlations are found between facial height ratio and
      ramus height, gonial angle, lower gonial angle, mandibular plane angle,
      occlusal/mandibular plane angle, palatal/mandibular plane angle,
      Frankfurt/mandibular plane angle, S-N-B, Y-axis angle, and the sum of the saddle
      + articular + gonial angles.

PMID- 3874570
TI  - [Controlled therapeutic trial: the value of precisely defining the methodology].

PMID- 3874571
TI  - An emergency medicine clinical problem-solving system.
AB  - The availability of complete, accurate, and current medical information is an
      important aspect of clinical problem solving. As the body of medical information
      grows and increasingly is reformatted into problem-oriented references,
      information processing by physicians will grow in importance. The most popular
      clinical problem-solving method, the Weed problem-oriented medical record,
      primarily records information; it does not provide an explicit information
      processing model. An emergency medicine clinical problem-solving system
      containing information recording and processing methodologies is presented. The
      information processing methodology of this system is highlighted.

PMID- 3874572
TI  - Experimental porcine eperythrozoonosis: T-lymphocyte suppression and misdirected
      immune responses.
AB  - Immune responses and hematologic alterations were investigated in splenectomized
      pigs after IM inoculation with Eperythrozoon suis. Early hematologic alterations
      were massive parasitism of RBC, severe hypoglycemia, moderate bilirubinemia, and
      mild anemia; later findings included severe anemia, minimal parasitism of RBC,
      spontaneous agglutination of RBC at 25 C and 4 C which was reversible at 37 C,
      transient thrombocytopenia, and mild bilirubinemia. The humoral immune responses
      consisting of a transitory hyperglobulinemia and increase of indirect
      hemagglutination (IHA) titers against E suis were attributed to immunoglobulin M
      cold agglutinins. Cell-mediated immune responses, measured by phytohemagglutinin-
      and pokeweed mitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis, were reduced after massive
      parasitemia. Blastogenesis induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide mitogen
      was increased before the hyperglobulinemia and an increase in IHA titer. There
      was an increase in the uptake of [3H]thymidine by lymphocytes cultured without
      mitogens after the decline in total globulin concentration and IHA titer.

PMID- 3874573
TI  - Cimetidine for prevention and treatment of gastroduodenal mucosal lesions in
      patients in an intensive care unit.
AB  - The efficacy of cimetidine in the prevention and treatment of stress-induced
      gastroduodenal lesions was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo
      controlled study in which serial endoscopy was used to examine patients without
      clinical evidence of bleeding who were admitted to a medical intensive care unit.
      Endoscopy showed that 14 of 21 patients treated with cimetidine, compared with 5
      of 18 patients treated with placebo, had normal or improved gastroduodenal mucosa
      (p less than 0.05). Endoscopic signs of bleeding cleared or did not develop in 20
      patients treated with cimetidine and in 11 patients treated with placebo (p less
      than 0.01). Significantly fewer blood transfusions were given to patients with
      endoscopic signs of bleeding in the cimetidine-treated group (0.5 +/- 0.3 [SE]
      units) than in placebo-treated patients (4.5 +/- 1.5 units; p less than 0.05).
      The mortality rate was not statistically different between treatment groups. By
      preventing established gastroduodenal stress lesions from progressing in
      severity, cimetidine diminished both bleeding and the need for transfusions.

PMID- 3874574
TI  - Defective vitamin D metabolism in thalassemia major.

PMID- 3874575
TI  - Binding characteristics of antibody-bearing liposomes.

PMID- 3874576
TI  - Stimulation of growth factor production in cultured cells by biotin.

PMID- 3874577
TI  - [Otoneurosurgical treatment of tumors of the cerebellopontine angle. Apropos of a
      series of 93 cases].
AB  - Authors analyse their experience with the treatment of ninety-three cases of
      cerebello-pontine angle tumors. A trained team with an otologist and neurosurgeon
      can obtain best results, both functional and vital. The postero-trans
      labyrinthine approach, as described by House and al is used ad the method of
      choice. Analysis of cases shows that big tumors are frequent and their therapy
      difficult even if the risk of mortality has been diminished.

PMID- 3874578
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: contemporary classification and correlates.
AB  - Recent advances in immunology have resulted in an entirely new approach to the
      classification of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas based on immune function. Previous
      classifications, still in use today, are based on morphology and although
      prognostically useful, are imprecise and include diverse disease entities. The
      present report reviews the evolution of these classifications and emphasizes the
      prognostic, therapeutic, and conceptual advantages of the functional
      (immunologic) approach to the study of lymphomas.

PMID- 3874579
TI  - [Weber-Christian disease associated with familial alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.
      Apropos of a case].
AB  - The authors report a case of Weber-Christian disease associated with familial
      alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in a 47-year-old woman. The serum alpha-1
      antitrypsin level is low and the phenotype is Pi ZZ. The histological picture was
      consistent with Weber-Christian panniculitis, showing foci of fat cell necrosis
      with lipophagic granuloma and fibrosis. The same biological trait also exists in
      the propositus' sister who developed emphysema without cutaneous involvement. The
      pathogenesis probably rests on a particular reactivity to microtraumata with
      exacerbation of local inflammatory events due to a partial deficient control of
      proteolytic activity. The prognosis of the disease varies from a chronic
      recurrent process to a short fulminant course with possible fatal outcome. The
      treatment is at the present time ill-codified and any how only symptomatic. In
      this case, the propositus responded well to a high dose regimen of
      corticosteroids, 100 mg daily, but relapsed as the treatment was reduced to 50 mg
      daily.

PMID- 3874580
TI  - [Critical study of the stress electrocardiogram after aortocoronary bypass, based
      on 95 coronary angiographic correlations].
AB  - This paper studies the correlations between the stress electrocardiogram and the
      angiographic findings after aorto-coronary bypass grafts. 95 correlations were
      established in 75 patients (coronary angiography and stress tests were performed
      on two occasions after the operation in 20 patients). 32 patients had a past
      history of myocardial infarction. The stress test was positive when the ST
      depression was equal to or greater than 1 mm, over more than 80 milliseconds.
      Four groups could be defined on the basis of the angiography: patient graft(s)
      with no residual stenosis; old or new coronary lesions; occlusion of one or more
      grafts; malfunction of the graft(s). The stress test and the coronary angiography
      were separated by a mean delay of 4.6 days. The stress test was positive in 43
      cases, due to the residual postoperative stenoses in 63% of cases, due to
      occlusion of the graft(s) in 25% of cases and due to malfunction of the graft(s)
      in 9% of cases. In 3% of cases, the signs of ischaemia were due to an old
      infarct. The stress test was negative in 52 cases. This negative result
      corresponded to the 66% of cases with complete revascularisation of the coronary
      system; in 34% of cases, there were persistent angiographic abnormalities,
      consisting of uncorrectable coronary stenoses in half of the cases. When the
      coronary revascularisation was complete, the stress test was negative in every
      case. Residual coronary lesions were associated with a positive stress test in
      66% of cases and with a negative test in 34% of cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3874581
TI  - [Rehabilitation of the coronary patient. Current concepts].
AB  - The principles of rehabilitation--or rather the long-term treatment--of the
      patient following myocardial infarction or coronary artery surgery have been
      defined for some time: a number of measures aimed at ensuring an optimal
      physical, social and psychological condition for the patient. However, the
      modalities of application of these principles have changed over the years, with
      earlier and earlier mobilisation, a briefer hospital stay, progressive physical
      training, early evaluation of the residual disease, a systematic psychological
      approach, secondary prevention and, finally, a more frequent return to work.
      Although the short-term results of these new approaches appear to be excellent,
      the long-term results are less encouraging. New research may modify our present
      therapeutic approaches, which are often purely empirical.

PMID- 3874582
TI  - Major gastrointestinal haemorrhage as a complication of cholecystoduodenal
      fistula in gallstone disease. Report of three cases.
AB  - Three patients with cholecystoduodenal fistulae due to gallstone penetration,
      resulting in major gastrointestinal haemorrhage are presented. Diagnosis and
      treatment of this condition are discussed.

PMID- 3874583
TI  - Computed tomography in a case of ophthalmoplegia syndrome.
AB  - Until now the radiological diagnosis of the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome has been made on
      orbital venography or arteriography. A case of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, studied
      using computed tomography (CT), indicates that CT may be valuable in confirming
      the clinical diagnosis.

PMID- 3874584
TI  - [Chromosomal phylogeny of 7 species of Sciurinae].
AB  - The sequence of chromosomal rearrangements that leads to the karyotypes of living
      species of Sciurinae is hardly compatible with a dichotomic evolution. The most
      probable hypothesis is that of a populational chromosomal evolution: the
      different lineages would have been isolated successively from an ancestral
      population in which several chromosomal rearrangements would have spread to more
      or less important fractions of the population. The proposed order in the
      succession of these isolations (Marmota monax, Sciurus vulgaris, Callosciurus
      flavimanus, Heliosciurus gambianus, Atlantoxerus getulus, Eutamias sibiricus then
      Menetes berdmorei) fits the paleontological data.

PMID- 3874585
TI  - [Chromosomes and carcinogenesis. Study on the evolution of an epithelial cell
      line of porcine origin].
AB  - The PFT cell line was established in 1969 from diploid cells of the inner lining
      of a uterine tube of a 2 year-old sow and has been continuously subcultured more
      than 500 times over a decade. Three chromosomal rearrangements have occurred
      during this time. The first translocation was shown at the 100th passage with the
      concomitant and spontaneous release of an endogeneous type C virus. The second
      translocation was observed at the 290th passage along with the appearance of gap
      junctions and the induction of malignant tumors in athymic nude mice following
      the inoculation of PFT cells. The third translocation was found towards the 470th
      passage with the simultaneous appearance of annulate lamellae. Since the
      translocations were accompanied by the spontaneous release of a retrovirus and
      then by malignancy of PFT cells when inoculated in athymic nude mice, it is
      likely that the chromosomal abnormalities are associated with the viral
      carcinogenesis of the cell line. The third translocation appears to confirm the
      perenniality of the multistep evolution hypothesis of malignancy.

PMID- 3874586
TI  - Monozygotic twins with Turner's syndrome and mos 45,X/46,X,r,(Y).
AB  - A pair of monozygotic twins with Turner's syndrome was studied using combined
      cytogenetic techniques and a mos 45,X/46,X,r(Y) was demonstrated in both. One of
      the twins presented clitoral hypertrophy. Surgery was performed and uterus,
      bilateral Fallopian tubes, bilateral epididymis and bilateral streak gonads with
      a small nodule of testicular tissue containing numerous seminiferous tubules were
      found in both.

PMID- 3874587
TI  - Deletion of the proximal long arm of chromosome 3 in an infant with features of
      Turner syndrome.
AB  - A case of deletion of the proximal one-fourth of chromosome 3 long arm is
      described. While the Turner syndrome phenotype was present neonatally, the
      patient has no structural or numerical abnormality of the sex chromosomes, and
      thus may represent an autosomal deletion with a clinical picture similar to
      Turner syndrome. Her score on the Noonan syndrome index of Duncan et al. (1981)
      is 27%, making Noonan syndrome unlikely.

PMID- 3874588
TI  - De novo partial 2q3 trisomy/distal 7p22 monosomy in a malformed newborn with 7p
      deletion phenotype and craniosynostosis.
AB  - In the present paper a malformed male newborn is presented with de novo 2q3
      trisomy/distal 7p22 monosomy and typical clinical findings of 7p deletion
      syndrome including trigonocephaly.

PMID- 3874589
TI  - Unusual chromosome 9 polymorphism and reproductive failure.
AB  - Partial inversion of an unusually large 9qh variant is reported in a 28-year-old
      normal female with reproductive failure (karyotype: 46,XX,9[qh
      +,inv(p11;q12)]mat).

PMID- 3874590
TI  - [A new case of partial monosomy of chromosome 12,del(12)(p11.01 to p12.109)
      confirming the location of the gene for lactate dehydrogenase B].
AB  - A new case of partial monosomy of the short arm of chromosome 12 is described in
      a 17-year-old girl and compared with other observations reported in the
      literature. The breakpoints were localized to region 12p11----12p.12.1.
      Qualitative and quantitative activity of LDHB allowed a precise assignment of the
      structural gene to sub-band 12p12.2.

PMID- 3874591
TI  - Mosaic and non-mosaic trisomy 15q2.
AB  - Two unrelated patients are presented. In the first mosaicism with normal cells
      and cells trisomic for the distal long arm (q2) of chromosome 15 was found. The
      15q2 trisomy was due to a chromosome 14, to the long arm of which an extra 15q2
      region was attached (14pter----14q32::15q22----15qter). In the second trisomy
      15q2 was present as a consequence of a balanced t(7;15)(p22;q15) translocation in
      the mother.

PMID- 3874592
TI  - De novo distal trisomy 17q.
AB  - A boy is described, who shares many of the clinical features found in the few
      patients with a partial 17q trisomy known at present. Karyotyping revealed a de
      novo 17q+ chromosome, interpretable as a tandem duplication of the distal long
      arm region 17q25.

PMID- 3874593
TI  - Complete trisomy 9. Two additional cases.
AB  - Two infants with complete trisomy of chromosome 9 are described. One patient,
      died a few minutes after birth and another survived 24 hours. The main clinical
      findings in this syndrome are: intrauterine growth retardation, characteristic
      facial dysmorphism, hypoplastic external genitalia and malformations of heart,
      brain and skeleton.

PMID- 3874594
TI  - [Analysis by reflection. A new method of observing human chromosomes].
AB  - When metaphase preparations of human cells are stained with Giemsa and submitted
      to epi-illumination with white light a brilliant yellow-green reflexion from the
      chromosomes is produced, quite comparable to fluorescence after acridine orange
      staining. Beside a remarkable stability of the image during repeated
      observations, this method yields excellent resolution.

PMID- 3874595
TI  - Covalent binding of moxalactam to cephalosporinase of Citrobacter freundii.
AB  - The inhibition of Citrobacter freundii cephalosporinase activity by moxalactam is
      shown to be due to the formation of a transiently stable covalent complex,
      probably acyl enzyme. The covalent complex formed was identified by coelution of
      [14C] moxalactam with the enzyme by using Sephadex G-25 gel filtration in the
      presence of 5.7 M guanidine hydrochloride and by analytical isoelectric focusing.
      Both the side-chain carboxyl group and the 7 alpha-methoxy group of moxalactam
      were necessary to stabilize the complex. Moxalactam is racemic with respect to
      the alpha carbon of the 7 beta-acylamino side chain, and the complex with the R
      epimer (half-life, 4.6 min) decomposed much more rapidly than that formed with
      the S epimer (half-life, 130 min). For other beta-lactam antibiotics that were
      stable to beta-lactamase, the half-lives of enzyme-antibiotic complexes were less
      than 4 min.

PMID- 3874596
TI  - Effect of 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine on the acute local phase of
      herpes simplex virus-induced skin infections in mice and the establishment of
      latency.
AB  - The effect of topical and systemic treatment with 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2
      propoxymethyl)guanine on the evolution of herpes simplex virus-induced skin
      infection in hairless mice was investigated. Systemic (subcutaneous) treatment
      with a 10-mg/kg dose and topical applications with a 5% cream started up to 48 h
      after infection prevented the development of severe skin lesions and a fatal
      outcome. However, the establishment of latent infections was prevented only by
      topical treatment started at 6 h after infection. Systemic (50 mg/kg) and topical
      treatments started 48 h after infection reduced virus titers in the skin and
      ganglia and promoted rapid clearance of virus from these sites. The clearance of
      infectious virus from ganglia during the acute phase of infection was followed by
      early establishment of latency. 9-(1,3-Dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (0.03
      microgram/ml) significantly inhibited the synthesis of infectious virus in
      explant cultures of latently infected ganglia, and at concentrations higher than
      8 micrograms/ml no infectious virus was detectable in ganglia explant cultures.

PMID- 3874597
TI  - In vitro activity of cefbuperazone compared with that of other new beta-lactam
      agents against anaerobic gram-negative bacilli and contribution of beta-lactamase
      to resistance.
AB  - Cefbuperazone was compared with other currently available and investigational
      antibiotics against 278 clinical isolates of anaerobic gram-negative bacilli by
      an agar dilution method. Cefbuperazone and cefotetan were equally active against
      Bacteroides fragilis, with 8% of the organisms tested found to be resistant to 32
      micrograms of either drug per ml. Cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and
      cefmetazole were less active against these strains; cefoxitin, moxalactam,
      piperacillin, clindamycin, and metronidazole were more active. None of the agents
      were consistently active against any of the other anaerobic gram-negative bacilli
      except imipenem, for which the minimum concentration required to inhibit 90% of
      all strains tested was 4 micrograms/ml. A 10,000-fold increase in inoculum size
      caused an increase in the MIC of ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and cefoperazone but
      not of cefbuperazone, cefotetan, or cefoxitin. Investigation of the mechanism of
      resistance to cephalosporin-like agents demonstrated a correlation between the
      level of resistance and beta-lactamase activity. Cefbuperazone, cefotetan, and
      cefoxitin were not hydrolyzed, had lower MICs, and were less affected by changes
      in inoculum size than were cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and cefoperazone.

PMID- 3874598
TI  - In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of carumonam (AMA-1080), a new N
      sulfonated monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic.
AB  - The in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of carumonam (AMA-1080), a
      synthetic sulfazecin derivative, were compared with those of aztreonam,
      cefoperazone, ceftazidime, and cefsulodin. Carumonam was highly active in vitro
      against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and
      Haemophilus influenzae and weakly active against Streptococcus pneumoniae, but it
      was not active against Staphylococcus aureus. The MICs of carumonam for 90% of
      1,156 clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates were between 0.013 and 25
      micrograms/ml, which were the lowest MICs of the antibiotics tested. The MIC of
      carumonam for 90% of Klebsiella oxytoca was 0.2 micrograms/ml, whereas that of
      aztreonam was 50 micrograms/ml. The superiority of carumonam to aztreonam and the
      reference cephalosporins was also demonstrated by their activities against
      Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae. The MIC of carumonam for 90% of
      P. aeruginosa was 12.5 micrograms/ml, which was comparable to the MICs of
      aztreonam and ceftazidime. Carumonam showed a high affinity for the penicillin
      binding protein 3 of gram-negative bacteria, but not for the penicillin-binding
      proteins of S. aureus and Bacteroides fragilis. Carumonam was resistant to
      hydrolysis by 12 plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases and 7 chromosomal beta
      lactamases. It was more stable than aztreonam to hydrolysis by the beta-lactamase
      of K. oxytoca; this stability is related to the superiority of the in vitro and
      in vivo activities of carumonam to those of aztreonam against this species. In
      general, the protective activities (50% effective dose) of carumonam and
      reference antibiotics in mice with experimental intraperitoneal infections
      correlated with the in vitro activities (MIC); carumonam showed excellent
      protective activity against most aerobic gram-negative bacteria.

PMID- 3874600
TI  - [Antitumor activity of Ge-132, a new organogermanium compound, in mice is
      expressed through the functions of macrophages and T lymphocytes].
AB  - The antitumor activity of Ge-132 against a variety of allogeneic and syngeneic
      murine ascites tumors was first evaluated. The antitumor effects of Ge-132 were
      observed when mice inoculated with Ehrlich carcinoma (allogeneic) or RL male 1
      leukemia (syngeneic) cells were treated orally. However, Ge-132 had no activity
      on a T-cell lymphoma (EL 4, syngeneic) or a methylcholanthrene-induced
      fibrosarcoma (Meth-A, syngeneic). The antitumor effect of Ge-132 in mice was
      related to the dose administered as well as the administration schedule. The
      antitumor activity of Ge-132 was next studied in mice pretreated with some
      blockers against immunocompetent cells. The antitumor efficacy of Ge-132 was not
      observed when tumor-bearing mice were treated with trypan blue and carrageenan or
      monoclonal anti-Thy 1.2 antibody. However, when natural killer cells were
      eliminated from mice bearing RL male 1 or Ehrlich ascites tumors by treatment
      with anti-asialo GM 1 antiserum, the antitumor efficacy of the compound was
      unchanged. These results suggest that Ge-132 is effective against certain ascites
      tumors regardless of whether the tumor is syngeneic or allogeneic. Further, its
      effect might be expressed through host defense mechanisms, including macrophages
      and/or T lymphocytes.

PMID- 3874599
TI  - Purification and characterization of epidermal growth factor (beta-urogastrone)
      and epidermal growth factor fragments from large volumes of human urine.
AB  - We purified human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) and hEGF fragments from a
      benzoic acid precipitate of the materials not adsorbed to silica gel in 330
      liters of human urine by a relatively brief, simple, and efficient method
      employing sequential batch absorption to and stepwise elution from CM-cellulose
      and DEAE-cellulose, Bio-Gel P-10 chromatography in 50 mM HCl, and three reverse
      phase HPLC steps for final resolution and purification of hEGF components.
      Recovery of hEGF was 29%. Eight apparently homogeneous hEGF components were
      recovered, each of which had similar activities in a homologous hEGF
      radioimmunoassay and an EGF radioreceptor assay using human placental membranes.
      Amino acid composition analysis indicated that there were four pairs of
      components that represented intact 53-amino acid hEGF, hEGF-(1-52), hEGF-(1-51),
      and hEGF-(1-50); intact hEGF accounted for one-third of the total materials
      recovered. Automated Edman degradation of each component for at least 10 cycles
      revealed a single amino acid sequence identical to that proposed for human beta
      urogastrone. Similar immunoreactive hEGF components were observed in similar
      proportions in freshly voided urine, indicating that they were not artifacts of
      the purification process. Thus, multiple forms of fully biologically active hEGF
      (i.e., beta-urogastrone) can be relatively easily and efficiently purified from
      large volumes of human urine.

PMID- 3874601
TI  - Crusted (Norwegian) scabies with adult T-cell leukemia.
AB  - Crusted (Norwegian) scabies occurred in a patient with adult T-cell leukemia. It
      was not noted at the time of hospital admission. Scabies should be included among
      the opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised hosts.

PMID- 3874602
TI  - Streptococcal cellulitis proved by skin biopsy in a coronary artery bypass graft
      patient.
AB  - There has been a question about the etiology and pathogenesis of recurrent
      cellulitis of the lower leg in patients following coronary artery bypass graft
      surgery. We observed a similar patient who had gram-positive cocci in chains,
      consistent with streptococci, within the dermis in a tissue biopsy specimen taken
      from the site of cellulitis. In addition, our patient had a second skin
      infection, namely, tinea pedis, which may be the portal of entry for
      streptococci. Concurrent treatment with a systemic antibiotic and a topical
      antifungal cream was effective in clearing both infections.

PMID- 3874603
TI  - Campylobacter enteritis and bloody stools in the neonate.
AB  - Within 72 hours of birth three babies had loose stools containing fresh blood,
      mucus, and Campylobacter jejuni/coli. Campylobacter enteritis should be
      considered in newborn babies passing blood per rectum.

PMID- 3874604
TI  - Hepatitis syndrome in infancy--an epidemiological survey with 10 year follow up.
AB  - Fifty four infants with hepatobiliary disease and conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia
      of more than two weeks' duration were identified in a defined area of south east
      England in a prospective study between January 1971 and December 1973. The
      overall incidence was one case per 2500 live births. The cases were regularly
      reviewed and all survivors except one were assessed at age 10 years. Nine of 11
      with extrahepatic biliary atresia died from liver disease by 2 years of age, one
      died at 5 years, and the survivor has cirrhosis with portal hypertension. Four
      out of seven with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency died aged 1 to 3 years from
      liver disease and one of the survivors has cirrhosis. All three infants with
      intrauterine infection and one with chromosomal abnormality died in infancy.
      Three children with other associated factors, choledochal cyst, galactosaemia,
      and rhesus isoimmunisation, recovered completely with no persisting liver
      disease. Two of 29 with cryptogenic hepatitis died, but only a further two have
      signs of persisting liver disease. Perinatal complications were more common in
      this group. Four of the 27 children surviving to the age of 10 years are
      educationally subnormal. Prognosis for infants with intrahepatic liver disease in
      the absence of known associated factors is good and every effort should be made
      to minimise the short term effects of cholestasis.

PMID- 3874605
TI  - Spinal ankylosing spondylitis: a variant form of ankylosing spondylitis or a
      distinct disease entity?
AB  - In a population survey of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) seven subjects, six males
      and one female, had x-ray changes in the lumbar spine typical of AS but without
      concomitant roentgenological sacroiliitis. The overall prevalence of such cases
      in the population studied was 0.37%. Four out of these seven subjects carried the
      tissue antigen HLA-B27 (57%). The clinical and roentgenological features of these
      subjects are described and it is suggested that the x-ray findings represent a
      mild and variant form of primary or definite AS.

PMID- 3874606
TI  - Cross-sectional study of rheumatoid arthritis treatment in a university hospital.
AB  - Drug prescribing patterns for the management of inpatients and outpatients with
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were investigated. The population of patients resembled
      published epidemiological descriptions of RA patients with respect to age and sex
      distribution. Multiple drug therapy was common in the treatment of both
      hospitalised and clinic patients. 90% of all patients with RA received non
      steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy, indomethacin and naproxen being
      the two most frequently prescribed NSAIDs for both in- and outpatients. The vast
      majority of inpatients (85%) and outpatients (79%) received slow-acting
      antirheumatic drug (SAARD) treatment. 13% of hospitalised patients received H2
      antagonist drugs in addition to their NSAIDs. A high proportion of inpatients
      (46%) received oral corticosteroids in the management of their rheumatoid
      arthritis, while only 15% of clinic patients were prescribed corticosteroids.

PMID- 3874607
TI  - Triggering infections in reactive arthritis.
AB  - Certain microbes like yersinia, salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, chlamydia,
      and possibly gonococcus can trigger reactive arthritis especially in patients of
      the HLA-B27 type. In the present study we have used serological and culture
      methods to identify the probable triggering infection in 50 consecutive HLA-B27
      positive patients diagnosed as having reactive arthritis. The two most common
      triggering agents thus identified were Yersinia enterocolitica (12 patients) and
      Chlamydia trachomatis (11 patients). In addition six patients had high
      antistreptolysin O titres and two high teichoic acid antibody titres suggesting
      group A streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus as triggering agents. In 13
      patients no preceding infection could be identified. The identity of the
      infective agent seems to have very little effect on the clinical picture of the
      reactive arthritis - the only difference between the various aetiological groups
      in the present material was absence of fever in the patients with a preceding C.
      trachomatis infection, of whom only one out of 11 had a temperature greater than
      or equal to 38 degrees C, whereas 13 of 16 patients with a preceding
      enterobacterial, and five of the eight patients with a streptococcal or
      staphylococcal infection had raised temperatures.

PMID- 3874608
TI  - Are disease duration and degree of functional impairment determinants of bone
      loss in rheumatoid arthritis?
AB  - One hundred and five patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with a variety of
      antirheumatic drugs, excepting glucocorticoids, were stratified according to the
      degree of functional impairment (functional classes I to IV) and duration of the
      disease (0-3 years; 4-8 years; and greater than 8 years). The variables
      investigated were distal forearm bone mineral content (BMC), biochemical markers
      of bone formation: serum alkaline phosphatase and serum bone gamma
      carboxyglutamic acid containing protein (BGP) and biochemical markers of bone
      resorption: fasting urinary calcium and fasting urinary hydroxyproline.
      Significant relationships were found between BMC and functional impairment and
      duration of the disease. Indices of bone formation and bone resorption rose with
      increasing functional impairment, particularly those of bone resorption. It is
      concluded that disability induces osteopenia in rheumatoid arthritis by
      increasing the bone turnover with a more marked increased in resorption than in
      the formation processes. The effect of the disease duration is merely that of
      adding more years of functional impairment.

PMID- 3874609
TI  - Sialochemistry of patients with autoimmune rheumatic disease with and without
      histological manifestations of Sjogren's syndrome.
AB  - Fifty-one patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases underwent biopsy of the
      labial minor salivary glands. These patients were divided according to
      histopathology of lip biopsies into three groups (negative lip biopsy, 1+ and
      2+). From all the patients stimulated parotid salivary flow was measured. In the
      saliva sodium, potassium, magnesium, alpha-amylase, and immunoglobulin levels
      (IgA, IgG, IgM) were measured. It is shown that patients with advanced chronic
      inflammatory disease of the minor salivary glands have decreased stimulated
      salivary flow. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in
      the biochemical markers tested between the histopathological groups examined.

PMID- 3874610
TI  - Epidural electrical stimulation in severe limb ischemia. Pain relief, increased
      blood flow, and a possible limb-saving effect.
AB  - Peripheral vascular disease of the extremities causes ischemic pain and, at
      times, skin ulcerations and gangrene. It has been suggested that epidural spinal
      electrical stimulation (ESES) could improve peripheral circulation. Since 1978 we
      have used ESES in 34 patients with severe limb ischemia; all had resting pain and
      most had ischemic ulcers. Arterial surgery was technically impossible. Twenty-six
      patients had arteriosclerotic disease, one had Buerger's disease, and seven had
      severe vasospastic disorders. Ninety-four per cent of the patients experienced
      pain relief. ESES healed ulcers in 50% of those with preoperative nonhealing skin
      ulcerations. Seventy per cent of the patients showed improved skin temperature
      recordings. Only 38% of the stimulated arteriosclerotic patients underwent
      amputations during a mean followup period of 16 months, as compared to 90% of a
      comparable group of unstimulated patients. ESES is very promising in severe limb
      ischemia where reconstructive surgery is impossible or has failed.

PMID- 3874611
TI  - Hemosuccus pancreaticus. An unusual cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
AB  - Two cases of hemosuccus pancreaticus as the source of upper gastrointestinal
      bleeding of unknown cause are presented. The literature on this rare cause of
      gastrointestinal blood loss is reviewed. Also, the influences of time-course and
      clinical appearance on the diagnosis of this problem are described.

PMID- 3874612
TI  - Protean manifestations of pylethrombosis. A review of thirty-four patients.
AB  - Thirty-four adult patients with portomesenteric venous occlusion (PVO) were
      reviewed. In 11 with hepatic cirrhosis, PVO was usually heralded by worsening
      ascites often with varix hemorrhage; mortality was high. Four with isolated
      portal block had varix hemorrhage without ascites. All of these patients survived
      despite recurrent hematemesis when portal decompression was not feasible in two
      patients. Eight others (5 agnogenic and 3 with hypercoagulability), experienced
      sudden abdominal pain with a clot typically propagated into mesenteric
      tributaries with ileojejunal infarction; survival was related to the promptness
      of operation and the extent of bowel ischemia. Of five patients with
      intraabdominal sepsis and pylephlebitis, only one survived. In the final six
      patients, PVO occurred with intraabdominal carcinoma. Five had progressive
      ascites, cachexia, and an early death. Imaging techniques included plain and
      contrast roentgenograms, ultrasonography, and for definitive diagnosis direct
      portography (operative or splenoportogram), indirect portography (splanchnic
      arteriovenogram), and computed tomography. Thirteen of 34 patients had ascites,
      and in nine of 11 patients examined, protein concentration of ascitic fluid was
      extremely low (less than 0.6 g/dl). Clinical presentation of PVO varies,
      depending on acuteness and extent of visceral venous blockade, severity of portal
      hypertension, auxiliary venous collateralization, and regional lymph flow.
      Inciting factors include endothelial damage and blood hypercoagulability from
      trauma, infection, stagnant circulation, blood dyscrasia, and malignancy.
      Improved imaging now allows early diagnosis.

PMID- 3874613
TI  - Left thoracotomy for reoperative coronary artery bypass procedures.
AB  - This paper describes our experience in performing saphenous vein bypass grafts to
      the circumflex coronary artery system with a left thoracotomy in 9 patients.
      Illustrative case reports demonstrate the spectrum of patients for whom this
      approach has been useful. The advantage of this technique is that it allows the
      surgeon to avoid the adhesions that make a redo sternotomy time-consuming and
      potentially dangerous when previously patent saphenous vein or internal mammary
      grafts are present. It is particularly useful for patients requiring grafting to
      the circumflex coronary artery system, especially if the patient is in relatively
      unstable condition and would benefit from rapid institution of cardiopulmonary
      bypass. The technique generally employs cannulation of the descending thoracic
      aorta for arterial inflow and of the main pulmonary artery for venous return.
      Usually the proximal end of the graft is easily placed to the left subclavian
      artery. Coronary anastomosis is performed on the cold (15 degrees C),
      fibrillating heart, and aortic cross-clamping and cardioplegic arrest have not
      been necessary. Venting is possible through the left atrial appendage should any
      rise in filling pressures occur. Saphenous vein or internal mammary artery may be
      used. All patients undergoing this technique have had expeditious discharge from
      the hospital and excellent relief of symptoms. The technique is an alternative to
      median sternotomy for properly selected patients.

PMID- 3874614
TI  - Management of chronic sternal osteomyelitis.
AB  - The management of 2 patients in whom chronic sternal osteomyelitis developed
      after apparently uncomplicated coronary artery bypass operations is described.
      Each patient had become totally disabled because of chronic, draining sinus
      tracts. Eradication of the infection required total sternectomy and excision of
      all infected costal cartilage. Subsequent reconstruction was accomplished by
      using bilateral pectoralis major myocutaneous advancement flaps without any
      maneuvers to stabilize the anterior chest wall. Both patients have resumed full
      activity and have returned to work with only minimal residual compromise of
      pulmonary function.

PMID- 3874615
TI  - Phantom limb pain: relief by application of TENS to contralateral extremity.
AB  - Three adult patients with below-knee amputation of various etiologies were
      treated at Norristown's Sacred Heart Hospital and Rehabilitation Center in the
      fall of 1983. The patients ranged in age from 48 to 64 years and two were men.
      All three had complaints of phantom limb pain originating from various anatomic
      sites of the amputated extremity. In all three cases the phantom limb pain was
      severe and hampered prosthetic training. The patients were treated solely by
      application of the TENS unit to the contralateral extremity at the sites where
      the phantom pain originated on the amputated limb. All three patients responded
      to treatment and were able to continue their prosthetic training. A six-month
      follow-up showed no pain recurrence of phantom limb pain in all three cases.

PMID- 3874616
TI  - Effects of chlorinated paraffins on liver weight, cytochrome P-450 concentration
      and microsomal enzyme activities in chick embryos.
AB  - Sublethal doses of three technical preparations of chlorinated paraffins (CPs)
      (Cereclor 42 (C22-26, 42% Cl w/w), Cereclor 50LV (C10-13, 49% Cl w/w) and
      Cereclor 70L (C10-13, 70% Cl w/w)) were injected into the yolks of hens' eggs
      after 4 days of incubation. The liver weight, the cytochrome P-450 concentration
      in the liver and the liver microsomal activity of aminopyrine N-demethylase
      (APND), aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase (AHH) and 7-ethoxycoumarin
      O-deethylase (ECOD) were determined in chick embryos incubated for 20 days. The
      degree of chlorination and probably also the carbon chain length of the CPs were
      of importance for their effects. Cereclor 70L was the most potent in causing
      increases in liver weight, cytochrome P-450 concentration and APND activity.
      Cereclor 42 was the least potent in these respects, even causing reduced APND
      activity. A decrease in AHH activity occurred in chick embryos treated with
      Cereclor 50LV, and a reduction in ECOD activity was noted as a result of
      treatment with Cereclor 42 and Cereclor 50LV.

PMID- 3874617
TI  - Cerebral lateralization. Biological mechanisms, associations, and pathology: III.
      A hypothesis and a program for research.

PMID- 3874618
TI  - Chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Relationship between cerebral ventricular
      size and neuropsychological impairment.
AB  - Forty-seven patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis were examined to
      assess the possible relationship between cerebral atrophy (by computed tomography
      [CT] ) and performance on neuropsychological tests of memory and verbal
      intelligence. Nineteen patients were found to have mildly dilated ventricles and
      another nine patients had moderate to severe ventricular enlargement. Performance
      on memory and intelligence testing was related to the degree of ventriculomegaly.
      Three linear CT measurements were also recorded. Using this method, the width of
      the third ventricle proved to be the best indicator of intellectual and memory
      dysfunction. Measures of cognition and ventricular size did not correlate with
      length of illness or overall disability as rated by the Kurtzke Disability Status
      Score.

PMID- 3874619
TI  - Aortic atherosclerosis in pigs with heterozygous von Willebrand disease.
      Comparison with homozygous von Willebrand and normal pigs.
AB  - We have reported that pigs with severe homozygous von Willebrand disease (vWd)
      are resistant to spontaneous and high fat, high cholesterol, diet-induced
      atherosclerosis. In this study we report the quantitation of aortic
      atherosclerotic plaques in three groups of pigs fed with a high fat, high
      cholesterol (2%) diet from age 3 to 9 months. Nine normal pigs (normal factor
      VIII antigen, VIII R:AG, and ristocetin co-factor, VIII:RWF) had a mean of 21%
      atherosclerotic involvement of the distal aortic surface and a 4.5% mean
      involvement of the entire aorta. Five homozygous vWd pigs (undetected VIII R:AG
      and VIII:RWF) had a mean of 4.2% atherosclerotic involvement of the distal aortic
      surface and 1.2% involvement of the entire aorta (p less than 0.01, rank sum
      test). Five heterozygous vWd pigs (approximately 35% VIII R:AG and VIII:RWF) had
      a mean of 25% atherosclerotic involvement of the distal aortic surface and 6%
      involvement of the entire aorta; the results were not significantly different
      from those in the normal pigs. We concluded that resistance to atherosclerosis is
      not found in animals with moderate reduction of VIII R:AG and VIII:RWF. This may
      have implications for humans, since in human vWd both factors are almost always
      present.

PMID- 3874621
TI  - Australian Rheumatism Association: annual scientific meeting, Melbourne, 21 and
      22 October, 1984. Abstracts.

PMID- 3874620
TI  - Alveolar macrophages: antigen presentation activity in vivo.
AB  - Previous studies on the antigen-presenting activity of alveolar macrophages (AM)
      have been restricted to the use of in vitro assay systems, and have generally
      shown suppression of T cell activation by these macrophages. The present study
      exploits the rapid adaptability of AM to changes in oxygen tension, which
      facilitates their transfer to other tissues in a functional state. Employing this
      rationale, antigen-pulsed AM were shown to trigger T cell-dependent immune
      responses following subcutaneous or intraperitoneal inoculation, while
      suppressing similar responses in tissue culture.

PMID- 3874622
TI  - Otolith tilt-translation reinterpretation following prolonged weightlessness:
      implications for preflight training.
AB  - Observations with three astronauts yielded two major findings. First, perceived
      self-motion during sinusoidal roll differed immediately postflight from
      preflight. Between 70 and 150 min after landing, roll was perceived primarily as
      linear translation. Secondly, more horizontal eye movement was elicited by roll
      stimulation immediately postflight relative to both preflight and later
      postflight observations. These results support an "otolith tilt-translation
      reinterpretation" hypothesis, which has clear implications for understanding
      astronaut reports of space motion sickness during the early period of orbital
      flight. A proposal for "prophylactic adaptation training" which may provide
      preflight adaptation to weightlessness, derives from this research.

PMID- 3874623
TI  - Immunochemical detection and characterisation of osteocalcin from moa bone.
AB  - Osteocalcin (the 6,000 dalton Mr gamma-carboxyglutamate-containing protein of
      bone) has been detected in acid extracts of bones of the extinct class of New
      Zealand ratite birds, the moas, using a radioimmunoassay for sheep osteocalcin.
      The immunoreactive osteocalcin of the extracts of two of these bones (the fibulae
      from two specimens of Pachyornis elephantopus found in South Island swamps) has
      been fractionated by gel filtration chromatography and reversed-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography, and behaves in a manner characteristic of
      osteocalcin from modern bones. Carbon-14 dating of bones and gizzard contents
      found in association with these specimens indicates approximate ages of 3,600 and
      7,400 years respectively.

PMID- 3874624
TI  - Hormonal induction of specific protein synthesis in murine Leydig tumor cells.
AB  - The M5480A murine Leydig cell tumor was used to investigate the effects of three
      hormones, which produce distinct biochemical actions, on cytoplasmic protein
      synthesis. Human choriogonadotropin treatment of tumor-bearing mice induced the
      synthesis of six proteins with relative molecular weights (Mr) of 135K, 82K, 60K,
      19K, 18.2K and 17.3K (K = kilodaltons). Diethylstilbestrol induced one protein
      peak in common with the gonadotropin Mr = 135K) and three additional proteins
      with Mr's of 120K, 50K and 36K. Epidermal growth factor induced one major protein
      with Mr = 33K, which is similar to that of a protein induced in murine epidermal
      cells by tumor promoters. These studies demonstrate the induction of specific
      gene products in a hormone-responsive tumor.

PMID- 3874625
TI  - Dialysis-induced transformation of mouse submandibular androgen-receptor.
AB  - Dialysis induced transformation of cytosol androgen receptor from mouse
      submandibular gland. On DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, this dialyzed
      [3H]methyltrienolone receptor complex was eluted at 0.10 M KCl which was lower
      than 0.25 M KCl required to elute the nontransformed androgen receptor complex,
      but higher than 0.05 M KCl required to elute the heat transformed receptor. On
      glycerol density gradient centrifugation, the dialysis transformed receptor
      complex shifted its sedimentation coefficient to 6 S from 8 S of the
      nontransformed condition, whereas the heat transformed receptor was sedimented at
      4 S. Molybdate inhibited the dialysis-induced transformation on DEAE-Sephacel
      chromatography. The charge and the molecular size of dialysis-induced transformed
      receptor complex were different from those of heat-induced transformed receptor
      complex.

PMID- 3874626
TI  - Triacetyloleandomycin as inducer of cytochrome P-450 LM3c from rabbit liver
      microsomes.
AB  - A cytochrome P-450 LM3 isozyme has been isolated and purified to electrophoretic
      homogeneity from liver microsomes of New Zealand white rabbits treated with TAO.
      On the basis of N-terminal sequence analysis and Ouchterlony double diffusion
      experiments, this isozyme appeared to be closely related to P-450 LM3c isolated
      from control animals and was designated LM3c (TAO). Anti LM3c (TAO) IgG totally
      inhibited both erythromycin demethylase and P-450-TAO metabolite complex
      formation, two monooxygenase activities specifically stimulated by TAO in liver
      microsomes from male and female rabbits. Moreover, immunoquantitation experiments
      showed that the level of LM3c (TAO) was increased 10-15 times above control
      values in liver microsomes from TAO treated male and female rabbits. We conclude
      that an isozyme identical or closely related to LM3c is the major form of P-450
      induced by TAO in rabbit liver microsomes.

PMID- 3874628
TI  - An additional test for the diagnosis and monitoring of giant cell arteritis and
      polymyalgia rheumatica.

PMID- 3874627
TI  - Angiographic findings in mixed connective tissue disease. Correlation with
      fingernail capillary photomicroscopy and digital photoplethysmography findings.
AB  - Thirteen patients with mixed connective tissue disease underwent hand angiography
      to assess the degree of vascular abnormalities and their correlation to nailfold
      capillary microscopy and digital photoplethysmography findings. Organic
      obstruction was found in 60% of ulnar arteries, 87% of superficial arches, 13% of
      deep arches, and 65% of digital arteries. Fingernail capillary abnormalities were
      seen in 90% of patients. Normal photoplethysmography results had a predictive
      value of 91% for identifying digits without bilateral occlusions. These findings
      indicate a hitherto unrecognized propensity for disease of both small and medium
      sized vessels in patients with mixed connective tissue disease.

PMID- 3874629
TI  - 2-[3-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-5-methoxyphenyloxazolo[4,5-b]pyridine, a new topical
      antiinflammatory and analgesic compound lacking systemic activity and gastric
      side effects.
AB  - The substituted oxazolopyridine 2-[3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5
      methoxyphenyl]oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridine (OZP) inhibits phorbol myristate acetate
      induced increases in vascular permeability and neutrophil accumulation in rat
      ears with ED50 of 253 and 200 micrograms, respectively. This compound is as
      potent as indomethacin to inhibit UV-induced erythema in guinea pig skin and is
      an effective analgesic when applied topically to the rat footpad in the yeast
      hyperalgesia model. OZP is a cyclooxygenase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.06
      mumol/l and inhibits prostaglandin E2, but not leukotriene C4 synthesis, by mouse
      peritoneal macrophages. This compound is inactive in the carrageenan paw edema
      assay at 90 mg/kg when administered orally or intraperitoneally, but is effective
      when injected into the paw. OZP is not a contact allergen and does not cause
      gastric irritation in rats at doses up to 180 mg/kg orally. OZP is rapidly
      metabolized by rat liver microsomes in a concentration and time dependent manner.
      Furthermore, when administered orally, OZP is cleared rapidly in rats with plasma
      levels being detected only at 5 and 30 min following a 2 mg/kg dose. There was no
      drug in the gastrointestinal tract of rats 3 h after an oral dose. Thus, this
      compound appears to be a new, potent and safe topical antiinflammatory and an
      analgesic agent lacking systemic effects.

PMID- 3874630
TI  - An epidemiological note on Chinese alcoholism: cases from Taiwan.

PMID- 3874631
TI  - Study design in perinatal medicine.

PMID- 3874632
TI  - Immunoregulation in rheumatic fever.

PMID- 3874633
TI  - [An infant case of Goldenhar syndrome associated with intracranial lesions].

PMID- 3874634
TI  - [Visual field defects in hydrocephalus].
AB  - Eight patients representing visual field defects associated with hydrocephalus
      are reviewed. Seven cases had aqueductal stenosis and one had congenital
      communicating hydrocephalus. We found five cases of defects in visual field
      typical of a chiasmal or optic nerve lesion: (1) inferior altitudinal hemianopia
      with inferior nasal quadrantanopia in the opposite eye; (2) inferior binasal
      quadrantanopia; (3) unilateral inferior nasal depression; (4) unilateral temporal
      defect; (5) bilateral central scotoma. In these cases CT demonstrated moderate or
      marked symmetrical dilatation of the third and lateral ventricles. Four out of
      five cases showed bulging of the third ventricle anteriorly into the sella
      turcica on CT or ventriculography. Other three patients had incongruous
      homonymous hemianopia. Characteristic asymmetrical dilatation of the lateral
      ventricles was noted in all three cases. The more enlarged lateral ventricles
      were ipsilateral with the affected visual pathways. The sites of lesion
      responsible for these field defects seemed to be optic tract in one case and
      optic radiation in two cases. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed in five out
      of seven cases. Impaired visual field improved in three patients after shunt
      insertion. A 28-year-old female who had history of blurred vision fos 14 days
      showed improvement in visual acuity and field when the enlarged ventricles became
      slit-like by shunting. In the other two patients defects in visual fields
      improved in spite of consistent ventriculomegaly. These facts suggested that not
      only the mechanical forces with distended third ventricle but also increased
      intracranial pressure played an important role in producing visual field defects
      in hydrocephalic patients.

PMID- 3874635
TI  - Effects of vitamin D metabolites on healing of low phosphate, vitamin D-deficient
      induced rickets in rats.
AB  - A model of low-phosphate, vitamin D-deficient rachitic rats was used to compare
      the effects of 1 alpha(OH)D3, 1,25(OH)2D3, and 24,25(OH)2D3 on cartilage and
      bone. The rats were maintained for 3 weeks on a high-calcium, low-phosphate,
      vitamin D-deficient diet, during which period they developed severe rickets. The
      rachitic rats were injected for 2 or 3 consecutive days with a physiologic dose
      of either metabolite. Other littermates were given a single dose of 50,000 IU of
      cholecalciferol in combination with a normal diet. Samples of cartilage fluid
      (Cfl) and of blood were removed prior to sacrifice for biochemical studies of
      some parameters of calcification. These parameters were correlated with the
      results of light and electron microscopic studies of the growth plate cartilage
      and bone. Treatment with 1 alpha (OH)D3 or with 1,25(OH)2D3, in spite of
      increasing Ca and P levels in the Cfl, induced only partial healing of the
      rickets. In contrast, 24,25(OH)2D3 or vitamin D with a normal diet resulted in
      complete morphologic and biochemical healing of the rickets. Transmission
      electron microscopic (TEM) studies have shown partial mineralization of the wide
      hypertrophic zone of the growth plate following treatment with 1 alpha(OH)D3 or
      with 1,25(OH)2D3. Mineralization was more complete with 24,25(OH)2D3 treatment.
      The results of this study emphasize the importance of 24,25(OH)2D3 for normal
      endochondral bone formation and mineralization.

PMID- 3874636
TI  - Prevention and treatment of sciatic denervation disuse osteoporosis in the rat
      tibia with capacitively coupled electrical stimulation.
AB  - Osteoporosis in the sciatic-denervated rat tibia was both prevented and reversed
      with a capacitively coupled electrical field. In both the prevention of the
      development of osteoporosis and the reversal of a previously established
      osteoporosis, a statistically significant enhancement of wet weight, dry weight,
      ashed weight, ultimate strength, cortical area, cortical thickness, and a
      concomitant decrease in cortical porosity occurred in the stimulated, denervated
      tibiae of the experimental animals compared with the nonstimulated, denervated
      tibiae of the control animals. These effects exhibited dose-response
      characteristics. A 60 kHz symmetrical sinewave signal was effective in preventing
      osteoporosis at a range of 5-10 peak-to-peak, and it was effective in reversing
      osteoporosis at 10 V peak-to-peak. Reversal of a well-established osteoporosis in
      laboratory animals has not been reported previously. Continued investigation into
      the use of a capacitively coupled electrical field in the prevention and
      treatment of osteoporosis seems warranted from these studies.

PMID- 3874637
TI  - Autoradiographic localization of 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in epiphyseal
      cartilage.
AB  - There is emerging evidence for specific binding sites and biologic action for
      24,25(OH)2D3 in the epiphyseal cartilage. The present study was undertaken to
      identify the target cells of 24,25(OH)2D3 in the epiphyses of rat bone using an
      autoradiographic technique. Pieces of epiphyseal cartilage obtained from 4-day
      old vitamin D-deficient rats were incubated for 15 or 60 min with [3H]
      24,25(OH)2D3 in the presence or absence of 100-fold excess of 25(OH)D3,
      1,25(OH)2D3, or 24R,25(OH)2D3. The pieces were prepared for autoradiographic
      study by a new modified fixation method. Cytoplasmic and nuclear concentration of
      radioactivity was observed in all cell layers of the epiphyseal cartilage except
      for the hypertrophic cartilage zone. The highest concentration of radioactivity
      was seen in the proliferating chondroblasts of the columnar zone. After 15 min of
      incubation the radioactivity was seen mainly in the cell membrane and cytoplasm,
      whereas at 60 min radioactivity was also prominent in the nuclei. The competition
      with excess of cold metabolites revealed that only 24R,25(OH)2D3 caused a
      significant decrease in cytoplasmic and nuclear radioactivity. These data support
      the biochemical studies showing that the epiphyseal cartilage is a target tissue
      for 24,25(OH)2D3.

PMID- 3874638
TI  - Role of transient ischaemia and perioperative myocardial infarction in the
      genesis of new septal wall motion abnormalities after coronary bypass surgery.
AB  - To evaluate the role of ischaemia in the genesis of new septal wall motion
      abnormalities after coronary artery bypass surgery 45 patients were studied by
      cross sectional echocardiography before and 8-10 days after operation. Regional
      left ventricular wall motion was classified as normal, hypokinetic, akinetic, or
      dyskinetic. Septal wall motion abnormalities were correlated with
      electrocardiographic Q wave changes and serial serum MB creatine kinase measured
      before and 4, 7, 21, 48, and 72 hours after operation. Of the 14 patients who
      developed new septal wall motion abnormalities after operation two developed
      septal akinesis (both had perioperative infarction) and one new dyskinesis in the
      previously akinetic septal segment. Of the 11 patients with new septal
      hypokinesis, eight had normal serial creatine kinase MB values, two had raised
      values peaking four and seven hours after operation, with a return to normal
      values at 21 hours indicating transient ischaemia, and one had enzymatic criteria
      for perioperative infarction. Most new echocardiographic septal wall motion
      abnormalities after coronary artery bypass grafting are not caused by transient
      ischaemia, perioperative infarction, or generalised cell necrosis.

PMID- 3874639
TI  - Does left ventricular aneurysmectomy improve ventricular function in patients
      undergoing coronary bypass surgery?
AB  - Fourteen consecutive patients undergoing left ventricular aneurysmectomy and
      coronary artery bypass grafting were studied by multiple gated ventricular
      scintigraphy at rest and during exercise before and at six weeks and six months
      after surgery. All had congestive heart failure and 12 angina pectoris. Before
      operation left ventricular ejection fraction fell significantly with exercise, as
      did the regional wall motion score. Six weeks after surgery all surviving
      patients were free of angina, with an improvement in functional class; the total
      exercise workload improved significantly, but resting left ventricular ejection
      fraction was unchanged; the regional wall motion score improved in both the
      anterior and left anterior oblique projections, although extensive areas of
      abnormal contraction persisted. Exercise left ventricular ejection fraction
      improved significantly after operation at six weeks, and previous exercise
      induced abnormalities of regional contraction were abolished. Six months after
      operation angina pectoris had recurred in one patient, but there was no further
      change in ventricular function in the remainder. Although resting ejection
      fraction is not improved, symptoms, exercise workload, and exercise ventricular
      function can be improved by aneurysmectomy and coronary artery bypass grafting,
      but the respective contribution of these two procedures remains uncertain.

PMID- 3874640
TI  - Comparison of the new emulsion formulation of propofol with methohexitone and
      thiopentone for induction of anaesthesia in day cases.
AB  - The new emulsion formulation of di-isopropyl phenol (propofol) was compared with
      methohexitone and thiopentone for induction of anaesthesia in day cases. Propofol
      produced significantly smoother induction of anaesthesia, but caused more
      cardiovascular and respiratory depression. Pain on injection was significantly
      less than with methohexitone. Post-anaesthetic recovery was superior with
      propofol, with virtual absence of side effects, and rapid recovery with little
      impairment of psychomotor function 30 min after anaesthesia.

PMID- 3874641
TI  - Comparison of ICI 35868, etomidate and methohexitone for day-case anaesthesia.
AB  - The anaesthetic properties and side-effects of propofol 1.5 mg kg-1, etomidate
      0.2 mg kg-1, and methohexitone 1.5 mg kg-1 were compared in 71 healthy female
      patients undergoing short gynaecological procedures. Propofol proved to be a safe
      and effective agent for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia and was
      associated with a lower incidence of side-effects than either etomidate or
      methohexitone.

PMID- 3874642
TI  - Use of an emulsion of ICI 35868 (propofol) for the induction and maintenance of
      anaesthesia.
AB  - 2,6-Diisopropyl phenol in a fat emulsion formulation (propofol) has been used to
      supplement 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen anaesthesia in 20 patients premedicated
      with morphine 0.15 mg kg-1 and atropine 0.6 mg, and undergoing body surface
      surgery. Following an induction dose of propofol 2.5 mg kg-1, the mean
      maintenance dose was 73.4 micrograms kg-1 min-1. When compared with 10 patients
      receiving Althesin to supplement nitrous oxide in oxygen in a similar manner,
      recovery was considerably faster following propofol. The only major side-effect
      associated with the use of propofol was pain on injection in nine out of 20
      patients. When the patients receiving propofol were compared with a second
      control group (n = 11) in whom anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone 4 mg kg-1
      and maintained with 1% halothane and nitrous oxide in oxygen, the former group
      showed a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in the plasma cortisol
      concentration 30 min after the induction of anaesthesia. However, by 3 h after
      induction, the cortisol concentration in both groups was not significantly
      different from the baseline (preinduction) value. The mechanism of this decrease
      is not known. Investigation of the influence of the fat emulsion on blood
      coagulation and fibrinolysis revealed no differences when compared with patients
      receiving Althesin.

PMID- 3874643
TI  - Effect of speed of injection on induction of anaesthesia using propofol.
AB  - Sixty unpremedicated patients (30 male) were randomly allocated to three groups.
      They received an induction dose of propofol 2 mg kg-1 over 5, 20 or 60 s to a
      forearm vein. Anaesthesia was maintained with conventional inhalation anaesthetic
      agents. Anaesthesia was induced satisfactorily in all 20 of the patients in the 5
      s group, in 19 of the patients in the 20-s group and in 18 of the patients in the
      60-s group. The rate of injection had a significant influence on induction time.
      Mean induction time increased from 21.5 to 34.7 and 50.5 s, when injection time
      was increased from 5 to 20 to 60 s, respectively. Similar induction times were
      found in male and female patients. There was no significant difference between
      the groups, in depth of anaesthesia obtained--as assessed by the eyelash reflex.
      Mean arterial pressure decreased to the same extent in all three groups. Two
      minutes after induction, mean systolic arterial pressure was reduced by 15.1,
      13.5 and 19.3 mm Hg in the 5-, 20- and 60-s groups, respectively, and mean
      diastolic arterial pressure by 10.3, 13.2 and 13.7 mm Hg. Heart rate changes were
      insignificant. Apnoea of more than 10 s duration was seen frequently in all three
      groups, but the results suggest that the incidence was not influenced by the rate
      of injection. Three patients experienced mild pain at the time of injection. No
      major adverse reactions occurred during or after anaesthesia.

PMID- 3874644
TI  - Pharmacology of an emulsion formulation of ICI 35868.

PMID- 3874645
TI  - Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency presenting as bronchiectasis.
AB  - We describe three patients with the clinical and radiographic features of
      progressive bronchiectasis, and without evidence of emphysema, associated with
      deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin. The association of hereditary alpha-1
      antitrypsin deficiency and pulmonary emphysema is well recognized (Eriksson
      1965). About half of these subjects also have chronic bronchitis as defined by
      persistent sputum production (Tobin et al. 1983). Bronchographically proven
      bronchiectasis without apparent emphysema has been reported in only one subject
      with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (Longstretch et al. 1975).

PMID- 3874646
TI  - Cell-mediated immune responses in atopic dermatitis: the relevance of antigen
      presenting cells.

PMID- 3874647
TI  - Concomitant and repeated happenings of complications of the third stage of
      labour.
AB  - Complications of the third stage of vaginal delivery have been studied among 36
      312 women in Aberdeen between 1967 and 1981. There was no change in the incidence
      of retained placenta (RP), but there was a secular increase in postpartum
      haemorrhage (PPH). Postpartum haemorrhage was three times more common when there
      was a retained placenta. PPH was commoner in primiparae and after induced labour.
      The main focus of this paper is on the analysis of the risks of repetition among
      6615 women with two or three live births between 1967 and 1980. A history of PPH
      and/or RP increased the relative risks of PPH and/or RP in a subsequent birth by
      between two and four times compared with women without such a history. The risk
      of repetition was increased if the subsequent birth was induced, or if there was
      an intervening abortion. Nevertheless, only a minority of the multiparae who
      experienced a third stage complication had a previous history of such a
      complication.

PMID- 3874648
TI  - Alpha 1 antitrypsin serum levels and phenotypes in patients with retinal
      vasculitis.
AB  - alpha 1 antitrypsin is an important immunoregulatory protein, the serum level of
      which is genetically determined. Deficient phenotypes of this ubiquitous protease
      inhibitor are associated with a variety of inflammatory diseases including
      anterior uveitis. In order to investigate the role of this protease inhibitor in
      the pathogenesis of retinal vasculitis (RV) 25 patients were investigated.
      Diseases associated with RV included Behcet's syndrome (8), SLE (2), and
      sarcoidosis (1). Deficient phenotypes of alpha 1 antitrypsin were not associated
      with RV. However, the serum alpha 1 antitrypsin level was significantly increased
      in patients with active RV and paralleled disease activity in patients studied
      prospectively.

PMID- 3874649
TI  - Colour vision of diabetics.
AB  - The Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test has been assessed as a screening test for the
      detection of diabetic retinopathy likely to benefit from laser photocoagulation
      therapy. Two hundred and thirty-two diabetic eyes of 126 patients were tested.
      The results were assessed both for total error score relative to age and for the
      presence of polarity. Although the incidence of abnormal colour discrimination
      was found to correlate with the severity of retinopathy, the test was not
      sufficiently selective to be of value as a screening test in the detection of
      retinopathy requiring treatment.

PMID- 3874650
TI  - Changes in protein conformation and stability accompany complex formation between
      human C1 inhibitor and C1-s.
AB  - The fluorescence spectrum of C1 inhibitor (C1-Inh) in aqueous buffer has a
      maximum at 324 nm which shifts to 358 nm in 6.0 M guanidinium chloride (GdmC1),
      indicating that fluorescent tryptophans are buried in the native protein. When
      titrated with GdmC1, the fluorescence intensity, polarization, and emission
      maximum of C1-Inh and C1-s exhibited clear transitions which were more prominent
      than those of the enzyme-inhibitor complex. Two of the variables (intensity and
      emission maximum) suggest biphasic unfolding of C1-Inh. Differential absorption
      measurements and sodium iodide quenching of intrinsic fluorescence were
      consistent with a net increase in the exposure of tryptophans and tyrosines upon
      complex formation. This reaction, i.e., complex formation, was also accompanied
      by an increase in the ability to enhance the fluorescence of the hydrophobic
      probe 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate. Fluorescence assays of heat denaturation
      showed transitions at 40 and 52 degrees C for C1-s and at 60 degrees C for C1-Inh
      whereas there was no detectable melting transition for the complex. Similarly,
      differential scanning calorimetric measurements revealed transitions at 42, 52,
      and 62 degrees C for C1-s and one transition at 60 degrees C for C1-Inh, with no
      major transitions detectable for the complex. The ratio of the calorimetric
      enthalpy to the apparent van't Hoff enthalpy for thermal unfolding of C1-Inh was
      1.6. Taken together, these results suggest that C1-Inh and C1-s are each composed
      of at least two independently unfolding domains and that complex formation, which
      involves conformational change, yields a protein substantially more stable than
      either component alone.

PMID- 3874651
TI  - A study on the amount of high-mobility-group chromatin proteins in T-cells at
      different stages of differentiation.
AB  - The amounts of high-mobility-group proteins (HMG) 1 and 2 in different mouse T
      cell populations are studied. It is shown that the quantity of HMG 1 and 2 is
      different in functionally distinct T-cells. The level of these proteins in thymus
      cells is higher than in cortisone-resistant thymocytes and peripheral T-cells; it
      increases in the cytotoxic cells generated in mixed lymphocyte culture. The
      quantity of HMG is negligible in memory T-cells and increases when the latter
      cells are stimulated again. The differences found in the levels of HMG 1 and 2
      could be related to the rate of cell proliferation and to the changes in
      chromatin structure at each functional stage of differentiating T-cells.

PMID- 3874652
TI  - Pre-alpha 2-elastase inhibitor of the horse: a hybrid molecule between alpha 1
      proteinase inhibitor and alpha 2-beta 1-glycoprotein.
AB  - Pre-alpha 2-elastase inhibitor of horse plasma has recently been isolated in our
      laboratory. In this article we demonstrate that the inhibitor is a composite
      structure built of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha 1-beta 1-glycoprotein.
      The compound inhibitor is biologically active, although it has previously been
      shown that its enzyme specificity is different from that of free alpha 1
      proteinase inhibitor. Our observations are based on immunochemical cross
      reactions between pre-alpha 1-elastase inhibitor and antibodies to alpha 2-beta 1
      glycoprotein as well as antibodies to alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. Pre-alpha 2
      elastase inhibitor could be dissociated into its parent components by
      dithiothreitol. After dissociation, the alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor portion
      retained its biological activity.

PMID- 3874653
TI  - Time-resolved x-ray diffraction studies on the intensity changes of the 5.9 and
      5.1 nm actin layer lines from frog skeletal muscle during an isometric tetanus
      using synchrotron radiation.
AB  - Time-resolved x-ray diffraction studies have been made on the 5.9- and 5.1-nm
      actin layer lines from frog skeletal muscles during an isometric tetanus at 6
      degrees C, using synchrotron radiation. The integrated intensities of these actin
      layer lines were found to increase during a tetanus by 30-50% for the 5.9-nm
      reflection and approximately 70% for the 5.1-nm reflection of the resting values.
      The intensity increase of both reflections was greater than that taking place in
      the transition from rest to rigor state. The intensity change of the 5.9-nm
      reflection preceded those of the myosin 42.9-nm off-meridional reflection and of
      the equatorial reflections, as well as the isometric tension development. The
      intensity profile of the 5.9-nm layer line during contraction was found to be
      different from that observed in the rigor state.

PMID- 3874654
TI  - Localization of the parallel elastic components in frog skinned muscle fibers
      studied by the dissociation of the A- and I-bands.
AB  - Localization of the parallel elastic components (PECs) in skinned muscle fibers
      was investigated by analyzing the change of the resting tension, which
      accompanies the dissociation of the A- and I-bands. The A-band was dissociated
      from both ends by increasing the concentration of KCl under relaxing conditions
      (0.09-0.54 M KCl, 4.0 mM MgATP, 1.0 mM Mg2+, 4.0 mM EGTA, pH 6.0-9.0, 20 degrees
      C). At sarcomere lengths greater than or equal to 3.5 microns, the length of the
      A-band was estimated by comparing the intensity of the first-order optical
      diffraction line with the results of model calculations. These results were
      supported by differential-interference microscopy and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel
      electrophoresis. It was shown that the resting tension decreased nearly in
      proportion to the residual length of the A-band. At sarcomere lengths less than
      or equal to 4.0 microns, the resting tension after the dissociation of the A-band
      was lowered to less than 10% of the initial value. On the other hand, at
      sarcomere lengths greater than or equal to 5.0 microns the resting tension after
      the dissociation of the A-band still showed approximately 35% of the initial
      value and did not change even after the I-band was dissociated by a solution
      containing KI. From these results, we propose that most of the PECs contributing
      to resting tension bind almost uniformly to the A-band and there are also PECs
      connecting Z-lines.

PMID- 3874655
TI  - Extracellular calcium ion depletion in frog cardiac ventricular muscle.
AB  - The extracellular free [Ca++] in frog ventricular muscle strips was monitored
      using single-barrel calcium ion-selective microelectrodes. During trains of
      repetitive stimulation, a heart rate-dependent, sustained fall (depletion) of the
      extracellular free [Ca++] occurs, which is most likely a consequence of net Ca++
      influx into ventricular cells. The magnitude of the [Ca++]0 depletion increases
      for higher Ringer's solution [Ca++], and is reversibly blocked by manganese ion.
      Prolonged repetitive field stimulation (20-30 min) activates additional cellular
      Ca++ efflux, which can balance the additional Ca++ influx caused by stimulation,
      resulting in abolition of extratrabecular [Ca++]0 depletion in 20-30 min, and
      hence zero net transmembrane Ca++ flux at steady state. In the poststimulation
      period of quiescence, cellular Ca++ efflux persists and causes an elevation
      (accumulation) of the extracellular free [Ca++]. From these [Ca++]0 depletions,
      quantitative estimates for the net transmembrane Ca++ flux were derived using an
      analytical solution to the diffusion equation. In the highest Ringer's solution
      [Ca++] used (1 mM) the calculated net increase of the total intracellular calcium
      per beat was 6.5 +/- 1.4 mumol/l of intracellular space. This corresponds to an
      average net transmembrane Ca++ influx of 0.81 +/- 0.17 pmol/cm2/s during the 800
      ms action potential. In lower bath [Ca++] the net transmembrane [Ca++] flux was
      proportionately reduced.

PMID- 3874656
TI  - Biochemical fractionation of conditioned media containing factors which support
      in vitro proliferation of high proliferation potential colony forming cells.
AB  - Synergistic activity (SA), which is the capacity to support the in vitro
      proliferation of High Proliferation Potential Colony Forming Cells (HPP-CFC's),
      has been fractionated from conditioned media by standard biochemical techniques.
      On fractionation of both Wehi conditioned medium (Wehi CM) or human placental
      conditioned medium (HPCM) by several techniques, multiple peaks of SA were
      observed. Protein from HPCM expressing SA, ranged from 9,000-28,000 in molecular
      weight as determined by gel filtration. Chromatofocusing crude HPCM separated two
      activities possessing isoelectric points of 5.7 and 5.3. In crude Wehi CM,
      inhibitors or toxicity occasionally masked SA which partially adsorbed to Con-A
      sepharose and could be eluted with competing sugar. Further fractionation of this
      material on DEAE-sepharose separated three peaks of activity. Pooling the active
      fractions from the first two peaks gave a preparation that was up to 179 fold
      more active than the crude material.

PMID- 3874657
TI  - [Effect of T-lymphocytes on the cellular proliferation of the salivary glands in
      rats and mice exposed to isoproterenol].
AB  - It has been shown that in the course of isoproterenol induction of cell
      proliferation of rat and mouse salivary glands, there takes place formation of T
      lymphocytes that stimulate and inhibit proliferation of the gland cells. In the
      absence of T lymphocytes isoproterenol does not induce cell proliferation. It has
      been demonstrated in mice that lymphocytes that stimulate cell proliferation of
      the salivary glands belong to Ly 1+ T lymphocytes whereas those inhibiting
      proliferation to Ly 2+ T lymphocytes. The former ones are formed and proliferate
      before commencement of glandular cell proliferation, and the latter ones
      concurrently with the development of cell proliferation of the salivary glands.
      The mechanisms described may point to the existence of a special system of T
      lymphocytes, that is not identical to the immune system, with this special system
      playing a definite role in the maintenance of the proliferative homeostasis of
      host tissues.

PMID- 3874658
TI  - [Cytotoxic antibodies to thymocyte antigens in rheumatism and other diseases].
AB  - Cytotoxic antibodies reacting with mouse and human thymocytes were detected in
      rheumatic patients' sera. The level of cytotoxic antibodies was considerably
      higher in active than in inactive process. A correlation was found between the
      antibody level and the clinical course of rheumatic fever. The cytotoxic index
      was the highest in sera of patients with acute rheumatic fever. Thymocytotoxic
      antibodies were also found in other autoimmune diseases. In sera of normal
      individuals, antibodies to thymocytes were revealed rarely and in small
      quantities. A possible role of thymocytotoxic antibodies as a cause of deficit of
      T suppressors in autoimmune diseases is discussed.

PMID- 3874659
TI  - [Isolation and characteristics of IKO-GM-1 monoclonal antibodies].
AB  - The hybridoma clone IKO-GM-1 was obtained as a result of fusion of P3X63Ag8.653
      cells with splenocytes of BALB/c mice with the aid of 50% polyethyleneglycol.
      Antigen demonstrated by antibodies IKO-GM-1 expressed on 100% polymorphonuclear
      neutrophils, 54.4 +/- 3.1% monocytes, 25.9 +/- 2.4% mononuclears of healthy
      subjects' blood, on 11.1 +/- 1.0% T lymphocytes, on 14.6 +/- 1.6% T lymphocytes
      bearing Fc-receptor for IgG, on 49.3 +/- 8.2% enriched population of B
      lymphocytes and O cells. The treatment of healthy donors' mononuclears with
      antibodies IKO-GM-1 and complement blocked EK cellular activity against Molt-2
      cells but not against K-562 cells. Antigen demonstrated by MAT IKO-GM-1 did not
      express on the colony-forming granulocyte or macrophagal cells. Antigen expressed
      on blast cells of patients with AMonoL, on those in part of patients with AML and
      AMML, on leukocytes of patients with chronic ML, on monocytes of a patient with
      chronic MonoL. Antigen was absent from blast cells of patients with ALL, LSA, on
      lymphocytes of patients with ChLL.

PMID- 3874660
TI  - Granulated T cell lymphocytosis with neutropenia: malignant or benign chronic
      lymphoproliferative disorder?
AB  - The clinical, morphological, immunologic, and cytogenetic features of seven cases
      of chronic granulated T cell lymphocytosis with neutropenia were studied. The
      disorder was characterized by moderate blood and bone marrow lymphocytosis,
      neutropenia, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, splenomegaly, absence of
      lymphadenopathy, and a chronic, relatively stable clinical course. The
      proliferative lymphocytes manifested a cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocyte
      phenotype. In two of four cases studied, blood lymphocytes showed clonal
      chromosome abnormalities. One patient treated with pulse steroid therapy had
      reversal of lymphocytosis and severe neutropenia with subsequent resolution of an
      intractable infection. The lymphocytosis and neutropenia recurred when steroids
      were withdrawn. Six of the seven patients were living three months to 17 years
      from diagnosis; one died at 4.3 years of an unrelated cause. Five of the
      patients, including the two with lymphocyte chromosome abnormalities, had
      persistent lymphocytosis and neutropenia from three months to 13 years from
      diagnosis. In two patients, the disease appears to have undergone spontaneous
      regression. No differences in clinical presentation or the morphological or
      immunologic characteristics of the proliferative lymphocytes were apparent
      between those patients with lymphocyte chromosome abnormalities and persistent
      disease and those who had a spontaneous regression. The finding of clonal
      chromosome abnormalities in the blood lymphocytes of two of the patients in this
      study suggests a neoplastic origin for chronic granulated T cell lymphocytosis
      with neutropenia. However, apparent spontaneous regression in two patients, one
      after 11 years, lends support to a chronic reactive or immunoregulatory disorder
      as the etiology. It is probable that cases of granulated T cell lymphocytosis
      with neutropenia, although morphologically and immunologically similar, are
      biologically heterogeneous.

PMID- 3874661
TI  - Differential interleukin-1 elaboration by density-defined human monocyte
      subpopulations.
AB  - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is an important immunoregulatory peptide produced by
      monocytes and macrophages. Because mononuclear phagocytes are morphologically and
      functionally heterogeneous, we examined whether they differ in their ability to
      elaborate IL-1. We used discontinuous Percoll gradients to obtain five density
      defined human blood monocyte subpopulations. Unfractionated monocytes and their
      subsets were compared for their ability to stimulate thymocyte proliferation.
      Supernatants obtained from the denser monocytes consistently contained more IL-1
      activity than did supernatants from the less dense cells. This difference in IL-1
      activity was the result of differences in IL-1 elaboration, not the selective
      production of an inhibitor of IL-1-induced thymocyte proliferation. These data
      demonstrate that density-defined human monocyte subpopulations differ in their
      capacity to elaborate IL-1.

PMID- 3874663
TI  - Prognostic implication of trisomy 12 and non-trisomy 12 karyotypes in B cell
      chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3874662
TI  - Heterogeneity of B cell involvement in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - In order to study the pattern of B cell involvement in acute nonlymphocytic
      leukemia (ANLL), multiple B lymphoid cell lines were established by Epstein-Barr
      virus transformation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from two patients with
      the disease who were heterozygous for the X chromosome-linked glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (G6PD). In one patient, the progenitor cells involved by the
      leukemia exhibited multipotent differentiative expression, whereas in the other
      patient the cells showed differentiative expression restricted to the
      granulocytic pathway. In the patient whose abnormal clone showed multipotent
      expression, the ratio of B-A G6PD in B lymphoid cell lines was skewed in the
      direction of type B (the enzyme characteristic of the leukemia clone) and
      significantly different from the 1:1 ratio expected. It is, therefore, likely
      that the neoplastic event occurred in a stem cell common to the lymphoid series
      as well as to the myeloid series. In contrast, evidence for B cell involvement
      was not detected in the patient whose ANLL progenitor cells exhibited restricted
      differentiative expression. These findings underscore the heterogeneity of ANLL.
      Clinically and morphologically similar malignancies in these two patients
      originated in progenitors with different patterns of stem cell differentiative
      expression. This difference may reflect differences in cause and pathogenesis.

PMID- 3874665
TI  - [Spherophakia and spontaneous sclero-conjunctival fistula].

PMID- 3874664
TI  - Transient deficiency of peripheral blood accessory cells in supporting T cell
      mitogenesis in patients suffering from chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic
      purpura after intravenous gammaglobulin treatment.
AB  - Mitogenic response of blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and to OKT3
      monoclonal antibodies was investigated in 7 patients suffering from chronic
      idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) before, during and after high-dose
      intravenous (i.v.) immunogammaglobulin (IgG) infusion. The platelet count rose
      above the pre-treatment values during infusion therapy in all patients but one.
      Five out of seven patients presented elevated platelet-associated IgG (PA-IgG)
      levels at the time of the first infusion; four of these showed an increase in
      platelet count and a transient reduction or normalization of PA-IgG after IgG
      infusion. Five out of seven patients showed an impairment of T lymphocyte
      mitogenic response to PHA and OKT3 before therapy. All patients responded to IgG
      therapy with a transient deficiency of FcR mediated monocytes (Mo) in supporting
      T cell mitogenesis induced by both mitogens during and after IgG infusion. This
      reduced cooperative capability of Mo disappeared at various times after the end
      of therapy (range 3-12 days). The transient alteration of Mo function, possibly
      due to a modification in the surface number or in the affinity of Fc-receptors,
      can explain in part, the increase in platelet count during and after IgSRK
      infusion.

PMID- 3874666
TI  - [Phakophagia via the pars plana. Apropos of 9 cases of cataract and 4 cases of
      congenital ectopia lentis].

PMID- 3874667
TI  - [Phakophagia of ectopic lenses by the posterior approach. Results of 85 cases].

PMID- 3874668
TI  - [Discordance between results from the Ishihara atlas and the Nagel type I
      anomaloscope in a certain number of hereditary dyschromasia patients].

PMID- 3874669
TI  - Nuclear medicine: a clinical service.
AB  - While nuclear medicine is essentially an imaging specialty, it often provides
      functional information which may not be obtained in any other way. This review
      considers how best such information can be presented and how physicians can
      become more familiar with nuclear medicine techniques.

PMID- 3874670
TI  - Depression in childhood.
AB  - The concept and classification of depression in childhood is currently under
      review. A modern view is that childhood depression is similar to adult depressive
      disorders, although the extent of variation with age and sex is not yet clear.
      Reliable and valid diagnostic criteria are being established, which will allow a
      more accurate estimation of prevalence rates, aetiology, and prognosis.

PMID- 3874671
TI  - Antirheumatic drugs in pregnancy and lactation.

PMID- 3874672
TI  - Lupus-like nephritis heralding the definitive manifestation of systemic lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - Four patients presented with the nephrotic syndrome. The histological appearances
      on renal biopsy were in three characteristic and in one suggestive of lupus
      nephritis. These patients did not initially have other clinical features of SLE,
      but three had a positive ANA and one a raised DNA titre. Remission occurred in
      two patients, in one spontaneously and in another following corticosteroid
      therapy, but two developed renal failure. During follow-up all developed elevated
      DNA binding levels and arthralgia or lymphopenia. The ARA classification criteria
      for lupus were only fulfilled at this late stage.

PMID- 3874673
TI  - Thallium-201 scintigraphy for ischaemic heart disease and infarct detection:
      comparison of rotating slant-hole tomography and planar imaging.
AB  - A trial was undertaken to compare the diagnostic capabilities of rotating slant
      hole tomography and raw scintigraphic planar images for the assessment of
      ischaemic heart disease and for infarct detection. Twenty patients with coronary
      artery disease established by arteriography and 29 patients who had suffered
      acute myocardial infarction as established by ECG and enzyme criteria were
      imaged, along with ten normal volunteers. Overall sensitivity and specificity
      figures, as well as Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves, were
      obtained. For infarct detection there was a sensitivity of 93% for tomography and
      96% for planar imaging while the specificity was 80% for tomography and 95% for
      planar imaging. This loss of sensitivity and specificity was also apparent in the
      ROC curves and showed that there was no advantage from the use of rotating slant
      hole tomography. For ischaemic heart disease the sensitivities for tomography and
      planar imaging were 83% and 91% respectively, while the specificities were 83%
      and 90% respectively. The ROC analysis again showed this reduction in the
      diagnostic capability of the test. It was concluded that rotating slant-hole
      tomography was no advantage in the assessment of ischaemic heart disease. Inter
      and intra-observer variability was good with consistent responses in more than
      90% of cases. No significant improvement was demonstrated in the poor ability of
      thallium scanning to specify the diseased vessels, and the phenomenon of false
      defects in the rotating slant-hole tomographic scans of some normal subjects was
      shown to affect the response of observers significantly.

PMID- 3874674
TI  - Comparative measurement of regional blood flow, oxygen and glucose utilisation in
      soft tissue tumour of rabbit with positron imaging.
AB  - The C15O2 and 15O2 steady state techniques have been used to quantitatively
      measure regional blood flow (RBF) and regional oxygen utilisation (ROU) in a
      rabbit tumour model. RBF values of 4.6 +/- 0.6 ml min/100 cc were measured for
      normal muscle tissue and 11.0 +/- 3.0 ml/min/100 cc for tumour surface.
      Corresponding values for ROU were 18.3 +/- 3.5 mumol/min/100 cc for normal tissue
      and 39.7 +/- 20.1 mumol/min/100 cc for tumour surface. 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D
      glucose (2FDG) was used in the same tumour model to measure glucose metabolic
      rate. The values obtained were 4.3 +/- 2.1 mumol/min/100 cc for normal muscle
      tissue and 53.8 +/- 18.3 mumol/min/100 cc for tumour tissue. Tumour growth was
      followed with a series of measurements of blood flow, oxygen, and glucose
      metabolism at intervals of 1 week. Tumour-to-muscle ratios increased more rapidly
      with time for 2FDG than for oxygen utilisation and blood flow. The effect of
      radiation on tumour and normal tissue was followed by measurements of RBF and
      ROU. RBF values increased both in tumour and normal muscle tissue during
      radiation and decreased during one week after radiation. ROU-values decreased
      (30%) in tumour and increased (45%) in normal muscle tissue during radiation.
      Even at one week after radiation, ROU-values were 30% lower in tumour and 45%
      higher in normal muscle tissue than before radiation.

PMID- 3874675
TI  - Congenital absence of the splenic artery associated with major gastric bleeding
      in adolescence.

PMID- 3874676
TI  - Meckel's diverticulum in the adult.
AB  - Meckel's diverticula were removed from 49 adult patients during a 15 year period.
      In 24 (49 per cent) of the patients the diverticulum was the cause of symptoms
      while in the remaining 25 it was an incidental finding at laparotomy. Of the
      symptomatic patients, 10 had acute inflammation of their diverticula, 8 presented
      with small bowel obstruction (in 4 cases due to fibrous bands) and 4 attended
      because of gross rectal bleeding; of the 2 remaining patients one was found to
      have intussusception of Meckel's diverticulum into the terminal ileum whilst the
      other had a nodule of calcified material lying within a partly gangrenous
      vitellointestinal duct. There was no operative mortality in the series.
      Heterotopic tissue was noted histologically in six Meckel's diverticula, all of
      which produced symptoms. The importance of considering a diagnosis of Meckel's
      diverticulum in the young adult presenting with acute small bowel obstruction or
      rectal bleeding is emphasized.

PMID- 3874677
TI  - Androgen cytosol binding during compensatory overload-induced skeletal muscle
      hypertrophy.
AB  - This study was undertaken to evaluate whether the increased androgen cytosol
      binding is an early or later event in the sequence of skeletal muscle hypertrophy
      induced by surgical overload. Following removal of the synergistic gastrocnemius
      and soleus muscles, plantaris muscle weights of overloaded hypophysectomized made
      rats were heavier than those in the control by 29% at 2 days, 41% at 7 days, 38%
      at 14 days, and 47% at 35 days. Androgen cytosol receptor binding capacities
      (femtomoles per milligram protein), determined using a synthetic androgen,
      [3H]methyltrienolone (R1881), were higher than observed in muscles of controls at
      all points of muscle enlargement. At high concentrations of labeled ligand,
      Scatchard analyses became nonlinear and were resolved using a two-component
      binding model. Receptor capacity of the higher affinity "androgenic component"
      for methyltrienolone binding in plantaris muscles was lower at 2 days but 60-80%
      higher at 7, 14, and 35 days in the hypertrophied group than in the control
      group. The lower affinity "glucocorticoid component" was higher in the overloaded
      group at all points following surgery. Several glucocorticoids and estradiol-17
      beta competed equally with androgens for methyltrienolone binding. However, when
      cytosols were incubated with triamcinolone acetonide to block methyltrienolone
      binding to glucocorticoid receptors, the androgenic component was highly specific
      for androgens. These results show that total [3H]methyltrienolone cytosol
      concentrations increased in parallel with the muscle hypertrophy, yet the
      individual components of methyltrienolone binding attained greater concentrations
      in overloaded muscles by an apparently different sequence of events.

PMID- 3874678
TI  - Should obese patients not undergo coronary artery surgery?
AB  - To assess the effect of obesity on the patient's recovery from coronary artery
      bypass surgery, a prospective study was performed on 200 patients. Group 1
      comprised 101 nonobese patients and group 2, 99 obese patients. The mean
      percentage over the ideal weight was 8.2% in group 1 and 33.4% in group 2 (p less
      than 0.001). Preoperative assessment revealed no difference in age, sex, height,
      incidence of diabetes, family history or smoking habits between the two groups.
      Group 2 had a higher incidence of hypertension (p less than 0.01) and
      hyperlipidemia (p less than 0.02). The average number of grafts placed per
      patient was 3.4 +/- 0.8 in group 1 and 3.5 +/- 0.08 in group 2. Operative
      mortality was 2.9% and 2.0% in groups 1 and 2 respectively. Obesity was a
      predictive factor in postoperative hypertension (p less than 0.025), in the
      development of wound infection (p less than 0.01) and in an increased requirement
      of bronchodilators (p less than 0.01). The postoperative progression of physical
      activity and length of hospital stay was similar, being 10.9 +/- 5.8 days and 9.7
      +/- 9.5 days in groups 1 and 2 respectively. The authors conclude that bypass
      grafting is an acceptable therapeutic option for obese patients with coronary
      artery disease.

PMID- 3874679
TI  - [Rehabilitation after aorto-coronary bypass and return to work].
AB  - In Quebec, deceptively few patients who have successfully undergone coronary
      artery bypass have been returning to work. Those aged 55 to 64 years, blue collar
      workers or those who were off work for 13 weeks or more were likely not to return
      to work after surgery. From Jan. 1, 1983, all patients aged 64 years and younger,
      who successfully underwent coronary artery bypass grafting were invited to attend
      a 6-week rehabilitation program, starting 6 weeks after operation. The aim of the
      program was to improve the rate of return to work through a low-intensity
      physical activity course (60% to 70% maximal working capacity and calisthenics ).
      Up to Mar. 31, 1984, 68 patients had participated in the program. The proportion
      of patients returning to work was significantly (p less than 0.01) improved and
      the trend was observed in all age groups, and for all types of employment and
      length of time off work before operation.

PMID- 3874680
TI  - Surgery for coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The results of surgery for occlusive coronary artery disease were studied in 600
      consecutive, unselected patients who underwent aortocoronary bypass grafting
      between Jan. 1, 1977 and Dec. 31, 1982. Forty (7%) of these patients had diabetes
      mellitus, requiring medication. Sixteen of the 40 patients were insulin
      dependent, the remainder required oral hypoglycemic agents. The frequency of
      previous myocardial infarction, hypertension and peripheral vascular disease in
      the groups of nondiabetic and diabetic patients was 38% and 62.5%, 12% and 22.5%,
      and 10.5% and 25% respectively. There was no significant difference in the rate
      of unstable angina, triple-vessel disease, emergency surgery, left ventricular
      dysfunction, myocardial infarction perioperatively and hospital morbidity or
      mortality in the two groups. On coronary angiography, 82% of coronary arteries in
      diabetic patients were graded as being small or moderate in size (less than 2 mm
      in diameter); at operation, 62% of these arteries were found to be 2 mm or more
      in diameter. At a mean follow-up of 3.9 years and 3.7 years in the nondiabetic
      and diabetic patients respectively (range from 1 to 6 years), no significant
      difference was noted with regard to relief of symptoms or survival in the two
      groups. It is concluded that diabetic patients with coronary artery disease can
      be offered bypass surgery with good short-term and medium-term results.

PMID- 3874681
TI  - Computed tomographic brain studies and treatment response in schizophrenia.
AB  - Ventricular enlargement has been described in chronic schizophrenia since 1927.
      The CT Scan has stimulated considerable interest and studies have shown that 50%
      of chronic schizophrenics and up to 20% of acute schizophrenics have enlarged
      ventricles. Widening of cortical sulci, cerebellar atrophy, third ventricular
      enlargement and reversed hemispheric asymmetry have also been reported.
      Ventricular enlargement seems to both predate the development of psychosis and to
      develop further during the course of the illness. Twin studies indicate that
      ventricular enlargement may be the result both of genetic vulnerability and of
      environmental onslaught. The other abnormalities may be secondary. Schizophrenics
      without ventricular enlargement show disturbances of a range of Dopamine-related
      variables. Schizophrenics with ventricular enlargement show some evidence of
      serotonin and noradrenaline cell loss. Very few published papers address the
      issue of treatment response. These seem to demonstrate a relationship between
      enlargement and poor response to neuroleptic medication. Schizophrenics with very
      large ventricles may also be particularly sensitive to the adverse effects of
      neuroleptics. It is not yet clear that the CT Scan may be used to identify
      patients unlikely to respond to medication. Long term prospective studies are
      required.

PMID- 3874682
TI  - A case of gastric carcinoma associated with excessive granulocytosis. Production
      of a colony-stimulating factor by the tumor.
AB  - A patient with gastric carcinoma exhibited an excessive granulocytosis
      (58,000/microliter) preoperatively, in the absence of overt infection. After
      resection of the primary tumor, the peripheral leukocyte count decreased promptly
      to the normal value. In a search for a colony-stimulating factor (CSF), the tumor
      was transplanted into nude mice. A marked neutrophilia was observed in the tumor
      bearing mice, suggesting the production of CSF by the tumor. Media conditioned by
      the primary culture of the tumor cells revealed the presence of CSF activity as
      well. CSF-producing carcinomas have been detected in various organs;
      nevertheless, no cases of gastric carcinoma have hitherto been described. It is
      of particular interest that in this patient hypercalcemia was not observed,
      although it often accompanied CSF-producing tumors reported previously.
      Therefore, it is suggested that this tumor secreted pure CSF and that the CSF
      produced by the tumor did not necessarily induce hypercalcemia.

PMID- 3874683
TI  - Cell-mediated immune status in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral
      cavity.
AB  - Sixteen untreated patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity were
      tested for in vitro immune status in comparison with the normal healthy donors.
      The parameters investigated were total leukocyte and lymphocyte counts,
      percentages and absolute counts of T- and B-cells in circulation, subsets of T
      cells identified by the Fc receptors, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and mixed
      lymphocyte culture (MLC) responses, natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent
      cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activities, and circulating immune complexes (CICs).
      Eight of these patients were retested 3 to 6 months after surgery. The results
      showed that there was an increase in leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, an increase
      in the percentage and absolute number of B-lymphocytes, an increase in the
      percentage of T-gamma cells, suboptimal PHA and MLC responses, normal NK and ADCC
      activities, and increased levels of CICs in untreated oral cancer patients. In
      the postoperative stage, except for a reduction in leukocyte and lymphocyte
      counts, other abnormalities remained unchanged. The CICs in treated patients
      correlated with the tumor load in that in three patients showing recurrence, the
      CIC level remained elevated, whereas in patients without evidence of the disease
      the CIC level was either low or comparable to the upper normal limits.

PMID- 3874684
TI  - The relationship between membrane characteristics, functional reactivity of T
      lymphocytes, and the progression rate of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Study performed on 192 patients has demonstrated that the progression rate of
      chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is associated with the existence of T-cell
      defect(s). A dynamic classification system based on evaluation of tumor mass
      growth rate, response to therapy, and myelopoietic failure (MF) has been devised
      for evaluation of progression rate of CLL. Besides four basic groups (Group 1:
      CLL without therapy; Group 2: CLL on therapy, without remission; Group 3: CLL on
      therapy, partial remission; Group 4: CLL on therapy, complete remission) patients
      were further classified into phase (type) A (stable, indolent CLL) or phase
      (type) B (active, progressive CLL). The major criteria for phase A were: total
      tumor mass (TTM) doubling time (DT) longer than 12 months, no MF, and/or good
      response to therapy. The major criteria for phase B were: TTM DT less than 12
      months and/or accompanying MF and/or no response to therapy. The following major
      findings have been demonstrated: (1) altered quantitative relationship between
      active and nonactive parts of T-cell compartment (E/A ratio) in the progressive
      phase of CLL; (2) altered B/T gamma ratio in the progressive phase of CLL; (3)
      more than 50% increased percentage of T gamma cells in the stable phase of CLL;
      (4) very low stable and absent seeding efficiency of T-cells in the progressive
      phase of CLL; (5) altered (delayed) DNA synthesis pattern in the progressive
      phase of CLL; and (6) negative local xenogeneic graft versus host reaction in the
      progressive phase of CLL. Based on reported results, a hypothesis regarding the
      possible role of T-cells in the pathogenesis of CLL was suggested.

PMID- 3874685
TI  - Association of differentiated thyroid carcinoma with HLA-DR7.
AB  - Seventy-four American white thyroid cancer patients were typed for HLA-A, B, and
      DR antigens. A significant increase in HLA-DR7 was found in the nonradiation
      associated thyroid cancer patients (42.5%, 20/47 cases), compared to 22.8% of 979
      normal controls. The association is stronger in the follicular and mixed
      papillary-follicular subgroup (52.0%, 13/25 cases, P corrected less than 0.01).
      The occurrence of various malignancies in family members was found in 57.9% of
      HLA-DR7 positive patients, versus 20% of HLA-DR7 negative patients, in a
      retrospective record review. Although the frequency of HLA-DR7 was not increased
      in the radiation-associated thyroid cancer patients (22.2%, 6/27 cases), the
      interval from the irradiation date to the onset date of thyroid cancer was
      shorter in HLA-DR7 positive cases (17.3 +/- 6.2 years) than in HLA-DR7 negative
      patients (29.4 +/- 11.5 years). This data suggest that HLA-DR7 is associated with
      and may influence development of thyroid cancer.

PMID- 3874686
TI  - T-cell lymphoma following Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Three patients initially diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease developed non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma 1.5, 7, and 16 years later, respectively. Combined modality therapy had
      been employed in one patient; the other two had received combination
      chemotherapy. All three of the second neoplasms were morphologically
      characterized as peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Cell surface marker studies
      performed on two of these tumors confirmed their T-cell origin. Second
      lymphoproliferative malignancies are an increasingly recognized complication in
      patients with Hodgkin's disease. Further immunologic phenotyping is needed to
      more conclusively define the origin and frequency of occurrence of these tumors.

PMID- 3874687
TI  - Distinction of human T-cell line (HUT-102)-derived activity stimulating
      granulocytic colony formation in diffusion chambers in vivo from activities
      stimulating erythroid and mixed-colony formation in vitro.
AB  - Medium conditioned in the presence of human HUT-102 T-cell line cells contains
      activities stimulating human mixed (colony-forming unit, erythroid, granulocyte,
      macrophage, megakaryocyte) and erythroid (burst-forming unit, erythroid) colony
      formation in methylcellulose in vitro and granulocyte colony formation in
      diffusion chambers in mice. The stimulatory effect of HUT-102-conditioned medium
      on colony-forming unit, granulocyte diffusion chamber was also observed in
      diffusion chambers implanted in nude mice. The hemopoietic activities were heat
      stable and could be detected from serum-free conditioned medium.
      Chromatographically, it was possible to separate colony-forming unit, granulocyte
      diffusion chamber-stimulating activity from activities stimulating burst-forming
      unit, erythroid and colony-forming unit, erythroid, granulocyte, macrophage,
      megakaryocyte. On the other hand, the latter two activities were
      indistinguishable by the methodology used in this study. Failure to abolish the
      hemopoietic activities by boiling or by human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type 1
      antibody indicates that human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type 1 or its components
      potentially present in the conditioned medium were not responsible for the
      stimulatory effects.

PMID- 3874688
TI  - Characterization of N-glycolylneuraminic acid-containing gangliosides as tumor
      associated Hanganutziu-Deicher antigen in human colon cancer.
AB  - Hanganutziu-Deicher (HD) antigen-active N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc)
      containing gangliosides were isolated and characterized from human colon cancer
      tissues. The antigenic gangliosides were detected by thin-layer chromatography by
      our newly developed method (H. Higashi, Y. Fukui, S. Ueda, S. Kato, Y.
      Hirabayashi, M. Matsumoto, and M. Naiki. J. Biochem., 95: 1517-1520, 1984) of
      enzyme immunostaining using affinity-purified chicken antibody against hematoside
      containing NeuGc (II3NeuGc-LacCer) and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated rabbit
      anti-chicken lgG. One to six species of the antigenic gangliosides were isolated
      from seven of 16 cases of colon cancer, whereas no antigenic compound was
      detected in all apparently normal colorectal tissues from 17 individuals without
      colorectal cancer. Tissues from different patients showed different patterns of
      molecular species of the antigenic gangliosides. Densitometric determination
      indicated that HD antigenic sialic acid, NeuGc, accounted for about 1% or less of
      the total lipid-bound sialic acids. Four species of antigenic gangliosides were
      identified as hematoside and hematoside-containing O-acyl ester (II3NeuGc-LacCer
      and II3 4- or 7-O-acyl-NeuGc-LacCer), GM2-containing NeuGc (II3NeuGc-GgOse3Cer),
      and sialylparagloboside (IV3NeuGc-nLcOse4Cer) by their behaviors on 2-dimensional
      thin-layer chromatography, and the effects of mild alkaline treatment, sialidase
      treatment, periodate oxidation, and endo-beta-galactosidase treatment.

PMID- 3874689
TI  - Leukemic meningitis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3874690
TI  - Metabolic damage to human saphenous vein during preparation for coronary artery
      bypass grafting.
AB  - Segments of saphenous vein from patients undergoing coronary artery by-pass graft
      surgery were frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately on dissection (control), after
      stripping of the adventitia and side branch ligation (manipulation), after
      distention with blood (distention), or at completion of the last proximal
      anastomosis (prepared vein). Vein was stored during the operation in patient's
      heparinised arterial blood at room temperature. Frozen vein was extracted with
      perchloric acid. ATP, ADP, and AMP, adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine
      concentrations were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. Prepared
      vein had ca 50% lower ATP concentrations and ATP/ADP ratio than control vein,
      higher concentrations of inosine and hypoxanthine and lower concentrations of AMP
      and adenosine. ATP concentration and ATP/ADP ratio did not correlate with the
      time elapsed between dissection and freezing of the prepared vein. The
      characteristic changes seen in prepared vein were not seen when control vein was
      simply stored in arterial blood at 23 degrees C, in normal saline at 23 degrees C
      or 4 degrees C, in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer at 37 degrees C or at St
      Thomas's Hospital cardioplegic solution at 4 degrees C. Distention with unlimited
      pressure did not distension at less than 300 mmHg gave rise to the same changes
      in ATP concentration and ATP/ADP ratio as in the prepared vein. These results
      show that vein suffered metabolic changes during preparation for bypass grafting
      and suggest that uncontrolled distention may contribute to these changes. Such
      biochemical measurements provide a quantitative estimate of tissue damage and
      allow objective comparison of different preparative techniques.

PMID- 3874691
TI  - [Secondary prevention in persons with ischemic heart disease. Drug treatment and
      revascularization].

PMID- 3874692
TI  - [A combination of amoxycillin with clavulanic acid (Augmentin) in various types
      of urinary tract infections caused by microbes producing beta-lactamase].

PMID- 3874693
TI  - [The significance of the antiglobulin cytotoxic test for the detection of cross
      reacting HLA cytotoxins].

PMID- 3874694
TI  - Endocytosis of cationized ferritin in human peripheral blood by resting T
      lymphocytes.
AB  - We have examined the binding and internalization of cationized ferritin in T
      lymphocytes of human peripheral blood, as a model for resting cells. After 30 min
      of incubation only 8% of endocytotic vesicles contain cationized ferritin. T
      cells internalize the equivalent of their entire surface area in approximately 54
      h, a longer time than is required by non-resting cells such as PHA-stimulated
      human lymphocytes. These tracer experiments suggest that the endocytosis of
      cationized ferritin by T-lymphocytes follows a lysosome pathway similar to that
      described for other cell types.

PMID- 3874695
TI  - Use of a metallochromic indicator to study intracellular calcium movements in
      skeletal muscle.
AB  - The transient increase in free myoplasmic calcium concentration due to
      depolarization of a skeletal muscle fibre is the net result of the release of
      calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and its simultaneous removal by
      binding to various sites and by reuptake into the SR. We review here procedures
      recently developed in this laboratory for empirically characterizing the calcium
      removal processes in voltage-clamped fibres and for using such characterization
      to determine the time course of SR calcium release during a depolarizing pulse.

PMID- 3874696
TI  - Measurement of cytosolic free Ca2+ in individual small cells using fluorescence
      microscopy with dual excitation wavelengths.
AB  - Free Ca2+ concentrations in the cytosol of individual small cells can be recorded
      with a new fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, "fura-2", and a fluorescence microscope
      modified to chop rapidly between two wavelengths of excitation. Both fura-2 and
      its Ca2+ complex fluoresce strongly, but their excitation peaks differ in
      wavelength. Alternation between the two preferred wavelengths allows assessment
      of the ratio of Ca2+-bound dye to free dye and hence cytosolic free Ca2+. This
      ratio measurement largely cancels out the effects of cell thickness, dye content,
      or instrumental efficiency, uncertainties that can jeopardize measurements at
      single wavelengths. We describe instrumentation that supplies rapidly alternating
      excitation wavelengths to either a standard cuvet or a fluorescence microscope.
      Its use is illustrated by experiments showing changes in cytosolic [Ca2+]
      accompanying activation of human platelets in suspension or single mouse
      thymocytes on the microscope.

PMID- 3874697
TI  - Free cytosolic Ca2+ measurements with fluorine labelled indicators using 19FNMR.
AB  - Characterisation by 19F NMR of fluorine-labelled indicators of cytosolic free
      Ca2+ concentration (by 5FBAPTA) and pH (by Fquene) is described, together with
      the techniques used to load the cell suspensions with the indicators for NMR
      spectroscopy. Useful features of the 19F NMR indicators include direct
      identification of the intracellular cation bound to the indicators, internal
      calibration of [Ca]i and pHi from the spectra, and simultaneous measurements of
      two or more indicators in the same cell suspension. Perturbations of cellular
      functions by 5FBAPTA and quin 2 are very similar, but vary widely in different
      cell systems. The [Ca]i and pHi responses of normal and transformed cells to
      mitogens and growth factors in serum are compared with data from similar
      experiments using fluorescence indicators. The only major discrepancy in [Ca]i
      measurements using the two independent assays was observed in Ehrlich ascites
      tumour cells. These cells have a high intracellular Zn2+ content which
      substantially quenches the quin 2 fluorescence, but does not affect [Ca]i
      measurements by 5FBAPTA. The Zn2+ present in the cells is detected as a separate
      response in the 5FBAPTA spectrum. The time course of the Ca signal in 2H3 cells
      stimulated by antigen to release histamine by exocytosis has been defined using
      5FBAPTA and quin 2. Extension of the 19F NMR technique to [Ca] i and pHi
      measurements in perfused organs is illustrated in rat heart and responses to
      pharmacological agents are demonstrated. Developments in prospect to improve
      sensitivity and to measure [Na]i with a new family of indicators are outlined.

PMID- 3874699
TI  - Spontaneous regression of coronary artery obstructions: incidence in 313
      consecutive repeat angiograms.
AB  - We studied the incidence of reversibility of coronary obstructions in a
      consecutive series of 313 patients with nonoperated coronary artery disease
      catheterized twice 3 to 118 (mean 38) months apart. Recanalization was observed
      in three patients and regression from an initial less than 100% obstruction in
      six patients. Progression in a different location occurred in six of the nine
      patients who demonstrated one recanalized or one regressive lesion. We conclude
      that true regression is an infrequent event in the natural history of medically
      treated patients with coronary artery disease; moreover, the pathophysiology and
      clinical relevance of angiographic regression remain poorly defined.

PMID- 3874698
TI  - [Association of blood pressure with anthropometric variables in adolescence].

PMID- 3874700
TI  - Phenotypic heterogeneity of Gross virus-induced thymic lymphomas in the rat:
      cellular origins and migratory properties.
AB  - Neoplastic thymocytes from rat thymic lymphoma-leukemias induced by the rat
      adapted Gross leukemia virus (RAGV) were analyzed for a variety of
      differentiation markers. The neoplasms from individual rats all expressed the
      antigenic phenotype MP+, W3/13+, Thy-1+, RT-1+, RT-7+, W3/25-. However,
      approximately two-thirds of the neoplasms were positive for the OX 8 antigen, and
      one-third were negative. The OX 8- neoplasms only involved the thymus, whereas
      approximately 40% of the OX 8+ neoplasms involved the spleen as well as the
      thymus. Virtually all OX 8+ and OX 8- neoplastic cells contained terminal
      deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), and both OX 8+ and OX 8- lymphomas expressed
      the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-5' isozyme and the primary, but not the
      secondary, ADA isozyme. This enzymatic phenotype is characteristic of thymocyte
      precursors, but not thymocytes. Our results therefore indicate that RAGV-induced
      lymphomas arise from transformed prethymic TdT+ cells which contain the LDH-5'
      and the primary ADA isozymes. These preleukemic cells presumably migrate to the
      thymus where they express the RT-7 pan-T-cell antigen and, in some instances, the
      OX 8 antigen during the development of overt leukemia. The OX 8+ neoplasms, being
      more differentiated than their OX 8- counterparts, then migrate to peripheral
      lymphoid tissues.

PMID- 3874701
TI  - Lymphokine-activated cell-associated antigen involved in broad-reactive killer
      cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
AB  - Spleen cells from rats which had been hyperimmunized with mouse lymphokine
      activated killer (LAK) cells, were fused with the mouse myeloma cell line, P3 X
      63 Ag8.653. Antibodies secreted by 1500 cultures were selected by their blocking
      effect on LAK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the absence of complement. Two
      monoclonal antibodies (KBA4 and KBA6) greatly inhibited the cytotoxic activity of
      LAK cells, which were induced from mouse spleen cells by culture with recombinant
      human interleukin 2 (r-IL-2). These antibodies also blocked the cytotoxic
      activity of natural killer (NK) cells, but activated macrophages (A-M phi) were
      only slightly sensitive to them. However, no effect of the antibodies on the
      cytotoxic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was detected. These data
      suggest that the specific antigen, lymphokine-activated cell-associated (LAA)
      antigen, defined by these monoclonal antibodies may be associated with the
      recognition mechanisms of broad-reactive killer (BRK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
      The observation that low levels of LAA antigen are distributed in all lymphoid
      cells and that it was significantly enhanced by treatment of the cells with r-IL
      2 suggests that the antigen may be involved in lymphocyte-activation mechanisms.
      We also found that the LAA antigen consists of two distinct polypeptides with Mr
      of 180,000 and 95,000 Da, which are similar to that of LFA 1 antigen. However,
      the biological characteristics of LAA antigen did not coincide with those of LFA
      1. Therefore, KBA MAb may recognize a carbohydrate epitope distinct from that of
      LFA 1.

PMID- 3874702
TI  - Human B-lymphocyte colony responses: suboptimal colony responsiveness in aged
      humans associated with defective function of B cells and monocytes.
AB  - The abilities of human B cells from young and aged subjects to form colonies in
      semisolid cultures stimulated with Staphylococcus protein A were investigated.
      Approximately three-fourths of aged adults had significantly diminished colony
      responses compared to young adults. In 55% of these aged adults, the in vitro
      blocking of monocyte prostaglandin synthesis lead to a 1.5-fold or greater
      augmentation of the depressed colony responses. Other experiments showed that the
      improvement with indomethacin could not be explained by the greater sensitivity
      of aged versus young B-cell colony precursors to prostaglandin suppression.
      However, indomethacin failed to improve the depressed colony responses of the
      remaining aged adults. This failure could not be attributed to deficient
      interleukin 1 production, detectable alterations in accessory cell subsets of
      monocytes, or the lack of potential colony precursors bearing sIgD/M. Instead,
      the B cells from these aged subjects demonstrated a substantial decrease in the
      capping of sIgD/M compared to the B cells of aged subjects which displayed
      improved colony responses with indomethacin and compared to the B cells from
      young adults. Thus, these data indicate that the diminished B-cell colony
      responses of aged humans represent aberrancies within both the B-cell and
      monocyte lineages which might coexist.

PMID- 3874703
TI  - Inhibition of in vitro anti-DNA B-cell responses by cyclosporine.
AB  - The action of the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine (CsA) on anti-DNA B-cell
      responses was investigated in an in vitro system. Spleen cells from autoimmune
      MRL-lpr/lpr or control BALB/c mice, when cultured at high cell density,
      spontaneously produced significant amounts of IgM and IgG, including anti-DNA.
      IgG levels, both total and anti-DNA, were much higher for MRL-lpr/lpr cells
      compared to BALB/c cells, suggesting similarity of this model system to the in
      vivo response. For cells of both strains, the production of IgM and IgG anti-DNA
      was 10- to 100-fold more sensitive to the inhibitory activity of CsA than total
      immunoglobulin production. The effect was not manifest, however, in cultures
      stimulated with the B-cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide. These observations
      suggest that CsA in certain dose ranges preferentially inhibits anti-DNA
      production, with efficacy determined by the mechanisms promoting B-cell
      hyperactivity.

PMID- 3874704
TI  - Characterization of the in vitro murine T-cell proliferative responses to murine
      and human thyroglobulins in thyroiditis-susceptible and -resistant mice.
AB  - The in vitro proliferative response to autoantigenic mouse thyroglobulin (MTg) of
      lymph node cells (LNC) from thyroiditis-susceptible (high-responder) CBA/J (H-2k)
      mice was further characterized. The relatively weak response was enhanced by
      adding irradiated spleen cells from normal syngeneic mice to cultures of
      responding LNC. Furthermore, the adjuvant used for immunization was found to
      influence the magnitude of the response. Results of experiments varying both the
      adjuvant and the route of immunization (footpad versus subcutaneous) demonstrated
      that marked proliferative response to MTg in vitro was not necessarily a
      predictor of the severity of disease. However, the capacity to proliferate in
      response to MTg correlated with disease susceptibility, as reported previously.
      The response to MTg was dependent on Thy-1+, Lyt-1+2- cells and was inhibited by
      monoclonal I-A antibodies. Thus, proliferation is mediated by T cells of the
      helper/amplifier phenotype recognizing the autoantigen in association with Ia
      molecules. The determinants on human thyroglobulin (HTg) and MTg stimulating the
      proliferative responses of LNC from thyroiditis-susceptible and thyroiditis
      resistant (low-responder) BALB/c (H-2d) mice were found to differ. Cells from
      resistant mice proliferated only in response to foreign determinants on HTg and
      not to shared or mouse-specific epitopes of MTg, whereas susceptible mice had T
      cells reactive to shared determinants expressed on MTg and HTg as well as to
      foreign determinants on HTg.

PMID- 3874705
TI  - 8-Hydroxyguanosine and 8-methoxyguanosine possess immunostimulating activity for
      B lymphocytes.
AB  - The present paper extends previous observations of Goodman and Weigle (M.G.
      Goodman and W.O. Weigle, J. Immunol. 128, 2399, 1982) and describes the
      activation of B lymphocytes by a number of C-8-substituted guanine
      ribonucleosides. 8-Hydroxyguanosine stimulates both proliferation and
      differentiation of murine B cells while 8-methoxyguanosine stimulates only
      differentiation and 8-aminoguanosine has no discernible effect on B-cell
      activation. The former two compounds also increase the magnitude of the antibody
      response to the type 2 antigen trinitrophenyl-AECM-Ficoll. These data demonstrate
      that guanosine, which is itself inhibitory to murine B cells, is converted into
      an immunostimulatory molecule after substitution at its C-8 position with methoxy
      or hydroxy groups and the bromo or mercapto group not essential for conferring
      biological activity to this nucleoside. However, our data also suggest that
      substitution of different groups at the C-8 position does influence the
      biological activity of this molecule.

PMID- 3874706
TI  - Induction of hapten-specific immunological tolerance and immunity in B
      lymphocytes. VII. Correlation between trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
      administration, serum trinitrophenyl content, and level of tolerance.
AB  - The induction of immunological tolerance with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)
      was studied by a comparison of the concentration of trinitrophenyl (TNP) in the
      serum of tolerant mice (TolS) and the degree of unresponsiveness induced as the
      dose and time of tolerogen injection were varied. The concentration of TNP in
      TolS was greater with a larger dose of TNBS, as expected, and decreased with time
      after tolerogen injection in a biphasic manner. The rapid initial decline
      followed on Day 10 by a more gradual decrease in TNP concentration suggests that
      there were two classes of TNP conjugates produced by TNBS injection. The serum
      TNP concentration appeared to correlate to the in vivo response of TNBS-treated
      mice to thymic-dependent and thymic-independent antigenic challenge while little
      correlation was evident with the in vitro response.

PMID- 3874707
TI  - Characterization and function of autoreactive T-lymphocyte clones isolated from
      normal, unprimed mice.
AB  - Self-Ia-reactive cloned T-cell lines, designated PK, were established by long
      term culture of T cells from normal DBA/2 mice with irradiated syngeneic splenic
      adherent cells (SAC), rich in macrophages and dendritic cells. The cell lines
      were Thy 1+, Lyt 1+, Lyt 2-, produced IL-2 following stimulation with syngeneic
      spleen cells, and did not exhibit alloreactivity when screened against six
      different H-2 haplotypes. Of the five cloned PK cell lines tested, four were I-Ed
      restricted while one was I-Ad restricted as determined by genetic mapping and
      blocking studies carried out with monoclonal anti-Ia sera. Extensive specificity
      studies suggested that the PK cells reacted to syngeneic Ia molecules alone and
      not to foreign antigens such as fetal calf serum (FCS) used in the culture
      medium, in association with self-Ia. SAC pulsed with FCS or other protein
      antigens such as turkey gamma-globulin (TGG) were tested for their ability to
      induce proliferation of autoreactive T cells and other antigen-specific T cells
      using culture conditions consisting of serumless medium and interleukin 2 (IL-2).
      The data showed that the autoreactive T cells proliferated better in response to
      antigen-unpulsed SAC, while FCS-specific and TGG-specific cell lines, developed
      independently, proliferated only in response to FCS- or TGG-pulsed SAC,
      respectively, but not to antigen-unpulsed SAC. These results clearly
      distinguished the autoreactive T-cell clones from the antigen-specific T-cell
      clones. Preliminary studies carried out to investigate the functions of
      autoreactive T cells suggested that these cells helped in the in vitro
      differentiation of alloantigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from CTL
      precursors obtained from the thymus and augmented syngeneic, allogeneic, and
      antigen-specific immune responses in vitro. The autoreactive T cells were also
      capable of inducing both proliferation and differentiation of antigen-specific
      populations of B cells in the absence of antigen. The present investigation
      suggests that autoreactive, non-antigen-reactive T cells can be cloned from
      normal, unimmunized mice and that such cell lines may provide a powerful tool for
      analyzing the role of the syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction in induction and
      maintenance of both T-and B-cell immune responses.

PMID- 3874709
TI  - The use of physical agents in rehabilitation of athletic injuries.
AB  - The competitive athlete's motivation to return to activity following injury
      presents a challenge to the sports medicine specialist to utilize the most
      effective rehabilitation procedures available. Safe return to competition
      necessitates maximal restoration of those components of physical fitness affected
      by injury (such as muscular strength, power, endurance). Various forms of
      superficial heat and cold application, deep heat modalities, and electrical
      currents have been used to supplement therapeutic exercise in this process. In
      recent years, the therapeutic benefits of cold for the control of exercise
      induced edema and as a prelude to performance of prescribed exercise have been
      widely recognized. Although short wave and microwave diathermy appear to have
      lost much of their appeal as deep tissue heating modalities, the thermal and
      mechanical effects of ultrasound continue to make it a widely used modality in
      sports medicine. Adaptation of alternating electrical currents for use in
      transcutaneous nerve stimulation has given the sports medicine clinician a useful
      modality for pain management. The more recently developed "Russian" electrical
      stimulator provides a promising modality for muscle re-education and restoration
      of muscular strength.

PMID- 3874708
TI  - Ontogenical studies on kinetics of lipopolysaccharide-induced response to
      bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes in mouse spleen cells. II. Response of
      spleen cells with or without Fc receptors, C3 receptors, or Ia antigens.
AB  - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced plaque-forming cells secreting IgM (IgM-PFC) and
      antibodies against bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes (anti-BrMRBC PFC) on Days
      1 and 2 of cultures were quantitatively estimated in spleen cells from mice of
      various ages. The concentrations of the four groups of PFC changed independently
      with age. The LPS dose dependency of the PFC response was markedly different
      between PFC on Days 1 and 2, but not different between anti-BrMRBC PFC and IgM
      PFC or between 2- and 10-week-old mice. In a second experiment, spleen cells from
      2- and 10-week-old mice were separated into subpopulations with or without Fc
      receptors, C3 receptors, or Ia antigens, and the LPS-induced PFC responses were
      quantitatively assessed in each subpopulation. Both the receptor-bearing and 
      lacking populations included LPS-reactive B cells, and the percentages of the LPS
      reactive B cells recovered in the receptor-bearing population increased with age.
      However, the percentages of anti-BrMRBC PFC recovered in each receptor-bearing or
      -lacking population were different from those of IgM-PFC. In Ia- populations, the
      percentages of IgM-PFC on Day 2 were obviously higher than those on Day 1, and
      both of the percentages increased with age. These results suggest that the four
      groups of LPS-reactive B cells can be discriminated from each other by their LPS
      dose dependency and their cell surface markers, and that they develop differently
      during ontogeny.

PMID- 3874710
TI  - Prehabilitation.
AB  - The rehabilitation of an athletic injury may represent the greatest challenge of
      an athlete's career. The challenge to the sports medicine professional is to
      provide the most up to date and best care possible. Prehabilitation is one part
      of that care. Management of the acute injury, conditioning the athlete, and
      preventing unnecessary atrophy are all steps in helping the athlete to meet his
      or her challenge.

PMID- 3874711
TI  - [Blood levels of specific pregnancy protein SP1 in imminent premature delivery
      and in delivery post-term].

PMID- 3874712
TI  - [Peripheral T-malignant lymphoma (PTML)].
AB  - Twelve cases representing variants of peripheral T malignant lymphoma were
      described for the first time in this country. Rosette test and immunocytology
      were crucial for their identification. Convoluted nuclei were a dominant
      histologiial feature as well as a voluminous water-clear cytoplasm which kept
      being surprisingly well demarked. Basic features were analogous to the Far East
      cases. Nevertheless, hypercalcemia and substantial pulmonary lesion were not
      observed.

PMID- 3874713
TI  - Developments in pertussis vaccines: memorandum from a WHO meeting.

PMID- 3874714
TI  - Diphtheria: a possible foodborne outbreak in Hodeida, Yemen Arab Republic.
AB  - Between 29 August 1981 and 16 January 1982, an epidemic of diphtheria produced
      149 cases in Hodeida, Yemen Arab Republic. The overall attack rate was 11.8 per
      10 000; the most frequent victims were males under 5 years of age, with an attack
      rate of 55.7 per 10 000. Severity of the illness varied inversely with age and
      the number of previous doses of DPT. A case-control study showed that vaccination
      with DPT was protective (P = 0.03) with an efficacy of 87.3% (95% confidence
      interval, 32.2-99.5%) among those who had received 3 or more doses. Risk factors
      for the development of disease were previous contact with a case (P = 0.002),
      previous contact with a person having skin disease (P = 0.04), obtaining drinking
      water from a wheeled carrier (P = 0.008), and consumption of factory-made yoghurt
      (P = 0.003). The secondary attack rate among household contacts under 15 years of
      age was at least 1.3%.

PMID- 3874715
TI  - Safety measures associated with the use of organophosphate insecticides in the
      Haitian malaria control programme.
AB  - A programme emphasizing intensive training, use of protective equipment and
      uniforms, daily supervision of safety measures at work, and weekly monitoring of
      blood cholinesterase levels by the tintometric method was instituted to prevent
      toxicity in Haitian malaria workers during spraying with the organophosphate
      insecticides fenitrothion and malathion. The programme functioned well, depressed
      cholinesterase activity (</= 50% of normal) being detected rapidly prior to the
      development of serious symptoms. Evidence of fenitrothion overexposure appeared
      in spraymen early in the first spray cycle, and was associated with faulty
      protective clothing and a failure to observe strictly the recommended safety
      measures at work. After these deficiencies were corrected, insecticide
      application continued without serious incidents or interruption of the programme.
      No serious reduction of cholinesterase activity was seen in a more limited study
      of spraymen using malathion. It is strongly recommended that similar training and
      monitoring programmes should be instituted whenever organophosphate pesticides
      are used as residual sprays for malaria control. This is particularly important
      in areas where the more toxic compound, fenitrothion, is to be used.

PMID- 3874716
TI  - Assessment of exposure to organophosphate insecticides during spraying in Haiti:
      monitoring of urinary metabolites and blood cholinesterase levels.
AB  - Measurement of blood cholinesterase activity and of the urinary metabolites of
      fenitrothion (p-nitrocresol) and malathion (monocarboxylic acid) was used to
      assess the exposure to these insecticides of workers in the Haitian malaria
      control programme and of residents in the sprayed houses. Cholinesterase activity
      was significantly reduced at the end of the working week in 3 out of 28
      fenitrothion workers. Urinary levels of p-nitrocresol (PNC) in the spraymen
      ranged from 2.2 to 25.2 mg/l. In fenitrothion workers who had no direct contact
      with spraying (weighers and supervisors), the cholinesterase activity remained
      >/= 75% of the normal control value, and the urinary PNC levels were relatively
      low. Urinary malathion monocarboxylic acid (MCA) levels at the end of the working
      week ranged between 1.1 and 5.3 mg/l in workers using malathion and their blood
      cholinesterase activity remained essentially normal. In both groups of workers
      the cholinesterase levels improved and the urinary excretion of metabolites
      decreased after 2 days of rest from the spraying operations. In the residents of
      the sprayed houses, low concentrations of PNC and MCA were detected in the urine
      1 day after spraying and measurable but reduced levels were still present after 7
      days. In all these cases the cholinesterase activity remained >/= 75% of the
      normal control value.

PMID- 3874717
TI  - Epidemiology of blindness in Nepal.
AB  - This report presents the major findings of the Nepal Blindness Survey, the first
      nationwide epidemiological survey of blindness, which was conducted in 1979-80.
      The survey was designed to gather data that could be used to estimate the
      prevalence and causes of blindness in the country. Ancillary studies were
      conducted to obtain information on socioeconomic correlates and other risk
      factors of blinding conditions and patterns of health care utilization.The
      nationwide blindness prevalence rate is 0.84%. Cataract is the leading cause of
      blindness, accounting for over 80% of all avoidable blindness. Trachoma is the
      most prevalent blinding condition, affecting 6.5% of the population. Very few
      cases of childhood blindness were detected.The implications of the survey
      findings for programme planning, health manpower development, and health
      education are discussed.

PMID- 3874718
TI  - Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1984.
AB  - This article presents the decisions of the nomenclature committee on leukocyte
      antigens, which met in Vienna on 16-17 May 1984.

PMID- 3874719
TI  - Kinetics of 7-hydroxy-methotrexate after high-dose methotrexate therapy.
AB  - Kinetics of 7-hydroxy-methotrexate (7-OH-MTX) excretion after high-dose
      methotrexate (MTX) (12 g/m2) therapy were monitored in 93 consecutive drug cycles
      of 19 adolescent patients with osteosarcoma. A reversed-phase HPLC method was
      used. Serum elimination was found to be monophasic with a mean half-life of 5.5
      h. Shortly after the 4-h MTX infusion period 7-OH-MTX levels exceeded those of
      the parent compound. By 12 h after MTX infusion 7-OH-MTX levels were 16.5 times
      higher than those of MTX itself. Autostimulation of MTX metabolism leading to
      enhanced 7-OH-MTX production after repeated drug cycles was not observed. The
      production of 7-OH-MTX decreased significantly from the first to the last high
      dose MTX cycle of the adjuvant chemotherapy protocol.

PMID- 3874720
TI  - Comparison of leucovorin protection from variety of antifolates in human lymphoid
      cell lines.
AB  - Leucovorin requirements for protection of the T cell line CCRF-CEM and the B cell
      line LAZ-007 against the cytotoxic effects of a variety of antifolates were
      studied. Differential leucovorin protection for DDMP-induced growth suppression
      occurred in the opposite direction to that for MTX, with CCRF-CEM requiring less
      leucovorin than LAZ-007 for equivalent protection. A pattern of differential
      protection from DDMP different from that of protection from MTX was also seen for
      the cell lines RAJI and MOLT-4. Differential leucovorin protection was observed
      for the chain-extended MTX analogue PT441. The degree of differential protection
      was similar to that seen for MTX, and transport studies showed that PT441 was a
      weak inhibitor of tritiated MTX uptake into CCRF-CEM cells. Differential
      leucovorin protection was observed for the lipophilic antifolate trimetrexate
      glucoronate (TMQ) but the degree of differential protection was smaller than that
      seen for PT441 or for MTX. Since TMQ is not transported into cells by the reduced
      folate system, while PT441 is a weak competitive inhibitor of [3H]MTX transport,
      and since neither is polyglutamylated, these results support the conclusion
      reached in previous experiments that differential leucovorin protection of MTX is
      unlikely to be a transport-related phenomenon and is not due to an effect on
      polyglutamylation. In addition, the different patterns of relative leucovorin
      requirements for DDMP and MTX protection suggest that differential metabolism or
      catabolism of leucovorin does not account for differential protection.

PMID- 3874722
TI  - N-[(carbamoylmethyl)amino]ethanesulfonic acid improves phenotyping of alpha 1
      antitrypsin by isoelectric focusing on agarose gel.
AB  - The hereditary deficiency variants of alpha 1-antitrypsin that are associated
      with diseases such as emphysema are usually identified by use of isoelectric
      focusing on polyacrylamide gels. Agarose is a simpler, faster, safer, and more
      reliable medium for this, but resolution often is not as good. I describe a
      method in which the ultrathin agarose gel contains N
      [(carbamoylmethyl)amino]ethanesulfonic acid as a "separator," to flatten the pH
      gradient and improve separation of the alpha 1-antitrypsin isoforms. The
      resolution obtained equals or surpasses that of conventional methods based on use
      of either polyacrylamide or agarose. Haptoglobin, which interferes with
      isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide, does not interfere with this method;
      other advantages are also discussed.

PMID- 3874721
TI  - Rapid quantitative, specific measurement of pancreatic amylase in serum with use
      of a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - In this rapid quantitative assay for pancreatic alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) in
      serum, we precipitate salivary amylases by 10-min incubation with monoclonal anti
      salivary amylase antibody immobilized on particles of polyvinylidene fluoride. We
      then centrifuge the serum mixture and measure the pancreatic amylase activity
      remaining in the supernate by a kinetic method. The assay requires 50 microL of
      serum and the standard curve is linear to at least 1300 U of pancreatic amylase
      per liter of serum. CVs were 1.3% within-run, 6-8% day-to-day. Apparent
      analytical recovery of pancreatic amylase activity added to serum was 101% +/-
      2%. Addition of purified salivary amylase, 356 U/L, to sera gave a value for
      apparent pancreatic amylase of less than 4 U/L, or 1% of the added salivary
      amylase activity. This assay correlated well with an electrophoretic method
      (slope, 0.97-0.99; intercept, 0.5 to -4 U/L; correlation coefficient, 0.946
      0.990; and standard error of the estimate 3-5 U/L). Estimated normal reference
      intervals with maltotetraose as substrate were: total amylase, 39-118 U/L;
      pancreatic amylase, 11-50 U/L; and salivary amylase, 18-79 U/L.

PMID- 3874723
TI  - Electrophoresis of serum protein to detect alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency: five
      illustrative cases.
AB  - We describe five cases of severe alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency to
      illustrate the importance of visual inspection of electrophoretic patterns of
      serum proteins. In four patients the diagnosis of AAT deficiency was clinically
      unsuspected; in the other patient, the electrophoretic pattern was the first clue
      to confirm the diagnosis. Densitometric scanning of these patterns invariably
      overestimated the concentration of alpha 1-globulin. By visually inspecting
      electrophoretic strips instead of relying on densitometry, clinical chemists can
      help detect AAT deficiency earlier.

PMID- 3874724
TI  - Magnesium administration reverses the hypocalcaemia secondary to hypomagnesaemia
      despite low circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin
      D.
AB  - The effect of parenteral administration of magnesium was studied in five patients
      with hypomagnesaemic hypocalcaemia. The initial metabolic state was characterized
      by a normal level of serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and by low
      or undetectable serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
      (1,25 (OH)2D). A parathyroid response was elicited by the acute intravenous
      injection of magnesium chloride. In contrast, 1,25(OH)2D did not change up to 24
      h after the injection. Intramuscular magnesium sulphate restored serum magnesium
      and calcium to normal, whereas iPTH was transiently increased. 25OHD remained low
      and unchanged. 1,25(OH)2D rose very slowly, but the correction of hypocalcemia
      began before any change in 1,25(OH)2D levels could be demonstrated. Thus, the
      early correction of hypocalcemia mainly depended on the restoration of an
      adequate parathyroid function independently of the secretion of 1,25(OH)2D.

PMID- 3874725
TI  - Bioelectrical osteogenesis: acceleration of fracture repair and bone growth. An
      alternative to bone grafting in nonunions.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of fracture nonunions has become a viable alternative to
      bone grafting. The success rate is comparable but the morbidity rate is
      significantly lower. Individual fracture healing problems must be thoroughly
      assessed and the treatment designed for the individual patient.

PMID- 3874727
TI  - Effect of specific anti-human leukaemia immunotoxins on the colony formation by
      human haematopoietic progenitors and by human leukaemia cells.
AB  - The specific cytotoxic activity of anti-human T cell leukaemia immunotoxins (IT)
      was investigated for their effects on in vitro colony formation of leukaemic
      cells and normal haematopoietic progenitors, i.e., CFU-GM, CFU-E and CFU-GEMM.
      These IT were prepared by conjugating ricin A chain with the monoclonal
      antibodies SN1 and SN2. These antibodies define two unique human T cell leukaemia
      antigens. This study reveals that while these IT are only marginally cytotoxic to
      normal haematopoietic progenitors, they strongly suppress colony formation of
      human T leukaemia cells. The latter suppression is augmented by the presence of
      10 mM NH4Cl which results in total suppression. The present results indicate the
      therapeutic usefulness of these IT for in vitro eradication of leukemia cells in
      the bone marrow of patients with T cell leukaemia. Potentially, such a purged
      bone marrow can be used in autologous transplantation in leukaemia patients.

PMID- 3874726
TI  - Functional and phenotypic heterogeneity of electrophoretically separated
      leukaemic B cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
AB  - E-rosette negative largely leukaemic B cells from patients with chronic
      lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) were separated by density gradient electrophoresis,
      on the basis of their surface charge. The separated cells were pooled in seven
      fractions, according to their relative position in the electrophoretic
      distribution, and analysed by functional tests and cell-surface phenotypes. The
      ability of electrophoretically separated B cells from patients with CLL to
      differentiate into plasma cells in the presence of T cells from normal donors and
      in the pokeweed mitogen induced differentiation system was investigated.
      Lymphocytes able to differentiate into plasma cells under these conditions were
      highly enriched in the low-mobility fractions V, VI and VII. These plasma cells
      were of leukaemic origin, because they expressed only the light chain present on
      the cell surface of the leukaemic B cells before stimulation. Lymphocytes with Fc
      (IgG) receptors were relatively enriched in the high and intermediate mobility
      fractions I-IV, but they were present in the remaining of the fractions in
      smaller proportions. Lymphocytes with Fc (IgM) receptors were present in all
      fractions, but only in very small proportions in the very high mobility fraction
      I. Cells with complement receptors I and II were present in all fractions.
      Analysis of the density of cell surface immunoglobulin expression using the
      fluorescence-activated cell sorter, revealed that fractions of high and
      intermediate electrophoretic mobility (I-V) contained cells with both low and
      intermediate density of surface immunoglobulin, whereas the low mobility
      fractions VI and VII contained predominantly cells with low density of surface
      immunoglobulin. These results revealed significant phenotypic and functional
      heterogeneity of B cells from patients with CLL, suggesting the presence of
      subpopulations of leukaemic B cells in different differentiation or maturation
      stages.

PMID- 3874728
TI  - LPF-induced T cell colony formation: effect of PMA and interleukin-2, and surface
      marker analysis.
AB  - We demonstrated that a primary exposure to the lymphocytosis promoting factor
      (LPF) of Bordetella pertussis-induced T cell colony formation. Colony formation
      was observed when mononuclear cells (MNC) were cultured at concentrations of more
      than 1 X 10(6)/ml, and reached a peak on day 8. However, the number of colonies
      generated with LPF was about one-third induced with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA).
      Removal of monocytes from MNC or T cells resulted in the failure of colony
      formation, but colony growth could be restored by the addition of monocytes or B
      enriched cells, indicating that they were required for the optimal colony growth
      induced by LPF. In the absence of accessory cells, optimal colony growth from
      monocyte depleted T cells could be obtained when an appropriate concentration of
      phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or interleukin-2 (IL-2) was added in the cultures
      with LPF. PMA did not enhance LPF-induced colony formation in the cultures
      containing a sufficient amount of exogeneous IL-2. These findings suggest that IL
      2 is essential to LPF-induced colony formation. Surface marker analysis showed
      that most of LPF-induced colony cells were T cells. The percentages of T4+ and T
      gamma cells of LPF-induced colony cells were more, and T8+ cells less, than those
      of PHA-induced colony cells. Ia1, T9 and Tac antigens were detected on many
      colony cells induced by LPF or PHA. These results indicate that the phenotype of
      LPF-induced colony cells differs from those of PHA, but the sequential antigen
      expression on lymphocytes triggered by IL-2 might be similar in both LPF- and PHA
      induced colony formation.

PMID- 3874729
TI  - Reduced complement-mediated immune complex solubilization in leprosy patients.
AB  - The ability of sera from leprosy patients to solubilize immune precipitates in
      vitro through the complement system was studied. The solubilizing capacity of
      sera from patients who did not have any reactions during 2 years or more after
      starting chemotherapy was comparable with that of normal laboratory volunteers.
      On the other hand, sera from borderline tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy
      patients in reaction had markedly decreased levels of solubilization. Their total
      and the alternative pathway haemolytic levels did not show a corresponding
      decrease. Although the circulating immune complexes and serum C3d of these
      patients came down after the subsidence of reaction, their solubilization
      remained consistently low during a 3 month follow-up period.

PMID- 3874730
TI  - Dynamics of T cells of L3T4 and Ly 2 phenotype within granulomas in murine
      listeriosis.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies anti-Ly 1, anti-Ly 2 and GK1.5 were applied to determine
      phenotypes of T cells within granulomas formed as a result of infection of mice
      with the facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Early in
      granuloma formation, equal numbers of Ly 1+, Ly 2+ and L3T4+ cells were found, T
      cells of different phenotypes being evenly distributed over the lesions. In
      mature granulomas, numbers of Ly 1+ and L3T4+ cells about doubled as compared to
      incipient granulomas, Ly 2+ cells, however, remained constant. Whereas Ly 1+ and
      L3T4+ cells within mature granulomas still were evenly distributed, Ly 2+ cells
      were predominantly localized in the periphery of the lesions. The data indicate
      that both, specific Ly 2+ and L3T4+ T cells, display characteristic dynamics
      within granulomas: Ly 2+ T cells which most likely mature from Ly 1+2+ T cells
      over time locate to the periphery. Concomitantly, L3T4+ T cells are enriched
      maintaining their distribution all over the lesions.

PMID- 3874731
TI  - Human monocytes infected with Leishmania amastigotes enhance lymphocyte
      proliferation.
AB  - Human monocytes were infected in vitro with Leishmania tropica major (L. major)
      promastigotes which transformed to intracellular amastigotes. A spontaneous
      increase in lymphocyte proliferation occurred in mononuclear cell cultures where
      the monocytes had been infected with L. major organisms. In addition, an apparent
      additive effect of lymphocyte proliferation was seen in cultures infected with L.
      major following phytohaemagglutinin stimulation. This effect was apparent after 3
      days in culture and the amount of increase in response was dependent on the
      number of monocytes in the culture. The effect was also dependent on the number
      of parasites ingested by the monocytes. The presence of monocytes was essential
      for this effect, as no enhancement was observed with supernatants from infected
      cells. This enhanced effect of lymphocyte proliferation was observed
      predominantly in the B lymphocyte subpopulation. These findings may be of
      relevance in the immunopathogenesis of Leishmania infections.

PMID- 3874732
TI  - The distribution and molecular presentation of the brush border antigen of
      Heymann nephritis in various rat tissues.
AB  - A monospecific antiserum to gp600, a recently isolated and characterized antigen
      of Heymann nephritis (HN), was used in radioimmunoassay to measure the specific
      activity of the antigen in various rat tissues. Lung contained the highest amount
      followed by pancreas, stomach, small intestine, kidney, large intestine, seminal
      vesicle, epididymis, muscle, heart, brain, spleen, liver, testis and serum.
      Immunoprecipitation of the antigen with anti-gp600 and analyses of the
      precipitates on SDS-PAGE revealed that the majority of the tissues contained a
      cross-reactive 90 kD polypeptide antigen. Four of these tissues also contained a
      66kD polypeptide antigen. Seminal vesicles, brain, kidney and liver contained a
      high mol. wt (greater than 330kD) antigen. Kidney possessed a unique set of
      antigens, namely 330kD, 110kD and triplet of 80kD besides the common 90kD and
      greater than 330kD antigens. These results show that antigens cross-reactive with
      HN gp600 antigen are present in other tissues but the biochemical nature of the
      kidney antigen is unique in comparison to antigen present in other tissues.

PMID- 3874734
TI  - Generation of natural killer cells and lymphokine-activated killer cells in human
      AB serum or fetal bovine serum.
AB  - Interleukin 2 (IL-2) can induce or enhance the cytotoxic activity of natural
      killer (NK) cells and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. The effects of
      fetal bovine serum (FBS) and human AB serum (HABS) on the IL-2-induced NK cell
      and LAK cell activities of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) were measured,
      respectively, against the NK-sensitive cell line K562 and the LAK-sensitive cell
      line Daudi. FBS and HABS were essentially equivalent in their effects on IL-2
      dependent NK activity with prolonged culture. However, with prolonged incubation
      from 1 to 5 days of PBMC in the presence of IL-2, there was considerably less
      generation of LAK cell activity in FBS (Day 3: 5.3 +/- 3.4 LU/10(7) cells)
      compared to HABS (Day 3: 44.6 +/- 4.2 LU/10(7) cells) (P less than 0.05). These
      differences in IL-2-dependent LAK cell generation did not appear to be due to the
      lot of the FBS or to activating factors present in individual samples of HABS.
      Similarly, the suppressive effects of FBS could not be reversed with increasing
      concentrations of IL-2 ranging from 10 to 100 U/ml. Importantly, the presence of
      FBS in the cultures resulted in more cell death (15.9 +/- 5.6%) at 4 days of
      culture compared to HABS (1.8 +/- 1.0%) (P less than 0.05). These results suggest
      that FBS may inhibit generation of LAK effector cells, but not NK cells in
      cultures containing IL-2 and that the use of HABS as a culture supplement is
      preferable to FBS in studies of human LAK cell function.

PMID- 3874733
TI  - Complement levels and C3 breakdown products in open-heart surgery: association of
      C3 conversion with the postpericardiotomy syndrome.
AB  - The role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of the post-pericardiotomy
      syndrome (PPS) was evaluated in a prospective study by measuring the levels of
      complement (C) components, total haemolytic complement activity and circulating
      C3 breakdown products in serial plasma and serum samples of 45 patients
      undergoing open-heart surgery. A consistent reduction in the levels of C3 and C4
      but not of factor B was seen on the second post-operative day. During the second
      post-operative week the antigenic levels of each C component increased
      significantly. At this time six patients developed the post-pericardiotomy
      syndrome. Circulating C3 conversion products (C3bi and C3c) were demonstrated in
      the plasma samples from five of these patients by the immunofixation technique,
      the mean conversion percentage being 14.3 +/- 10.6. The samples from 15 of the 39
      other patients also showed C3 conversion, but the mean percentage was
      significantly lower (4.5 +/- 6.1%, P less than 0.05). Before the second post
      operative week C3 conversion was rare in both groups. The C3d levels of plasma
      samples, as detected by rocket immunoelectrophoresis, followed a similar pattern.
      Reduced total haemolytic complement activity was found in three patients
      suffering from the PPS. These results suggest a role for complement in the non
      infectious, inflammatory response during the late post-operative period after
      open heart surgery, and especially in the post-pericardiotomy syndrome.

PMID- 3874735
TI  - Antibody deficiency with normal immunoglobulins in a child with hypoplastic
      anemia.
AB  - We report a young child with hypoplastic anemia and antibody deficiency with
      normal serum immunoglobulin levels. Studies of antibody responses to
      bacteriophage phi X 174 revealed an amnestic response but was predominantly
      limited to IgM. A similar response was observed following booster tetanus toxoid
      immunization. Analysis of in vitro pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin
      synthesis by the patient's B cells suggested an intrinsic B-cell defect.

PMID- 3874736
TI  - Polyclonal B-cell activation of rabbit Peyer's patch.
AB  - This study delineates the culture conditions and cellular requirements for
      pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced polyclonal B-lymphocyte activation of rabbit
      Peyer's patch cells for immunoglobulin secretion. This system was optimal with a
      cell density of 3 X 10(5) cells/ml and a culture duration of 7 days, in round
      bottom containers. Although glass-plate-adherent cells did not appear to
      influence this process, the immunoglobulin responses to PWM were T cell
      dependent. This study supplies a foundation for further work on the mechanisms of
      polyclonal activation of B cells in the rabbit Peyer's patch.

PMID- 3874737
TI  - Left ventricular function after elective aneurysmectomy.
AB  - Employing rest and exercise first-pass radionuclide angiography before and 3
      months after surgery, we studied patients with hemodynamically stable left
      ventricular aneurysm (LVA) undergoing both coronary artery bypass surgery to
      relieve angina pectoris and elective aneurysmectomy. There were 15 patients, 14
      men and 1 woman with a mean age of 54 +/- 7 years. All patients had anterior
      and/or apical LVA. After surgery the postexercise mean left ventricular ejection
      fraction (LVEF) for the whole group improved significantly (p less than 0.004)
      compared with the preoperative value, but the resting LVEF did not change. The
      duration of exercise improved (p less than 0.01) after surgery, but not the
      double product. However, based upon the preoperative LVEF response to exercise,
      two groups were seen: Group A (n = 5) had greater than or equal to 5% increase in
      their LVEF with exercise versus Group B (n = 10), who had less than 5% increase
      or a decrease in their LVEF. Postoperatively, Group A decreased their LVEF with
      exercise and failed to improve exercise capacity or double product.
      Postoperatively, Group B increased the LVEF by greater than or equal to 5% as
      well as increasing exercise capacity (p less than 0.01), and double product (p
      less than 0.03). Group A had lower preoperative LVEF than Group B (p less than
      0.01) and larger LVA. Patients with hemodynamically stable LVA who require
      coronary artery bypass surgery for angina should not have aneurysmectomy. The
      presence of hemodynamically stable LVA is not a contraindication to deriving
      benefit from myocardial revascularization.

PMID- 3874738
TI  - The estimation of circulating immune complexes, C3d, and anti-ds-DNA-antibody
      serum levels in the monitoring of therapeutic plasmapheresis in a patient with
      systemic lupus erythematosus. A case report.
AB  - A short-time monitoring of therapeutic plasmapheresis in a patient with systemic
      lupus erythematosus (SLE) by the estimation of circulating immune complexes, C3d
      serum levels and anti-ds-DNA-antibodies is described. It was found that serum
      immune complexes, C3d, and anti-DNA-antibodies decreased even further shortly
      after plasma exchange. The decrease found in C1q binding material in the
      patient's serum was paralleled by a decrease in serum immune complexes containing
      acridine orange binding material, possibly representing ds-DNA. A rapid increase
      of serum immune complexes, C3d, and anti-ds-DNA-antibodies after plasma exchange
      therapy indicated an antibody rebound phenomenon followed by a relapse of the
      disease.

PMID- 3874739
TI  - Hemorrhagic shock in the gynecologic patient.

PMID- 3874740
TI  - Iofetamine HCl I-123 (Iodoamphetamine) brain SPECT atlas.
AB  - SPECT brain imaging using Iofetamine HC1 I-123 (IMP) has a great potential in the
      evaluation of various neurologic disorders. Transverse, coronal, and sagittal
      sectional IMP images obtained using a single head rotating gamma camera system
      are correlated with corresponding normal brain slices in this atlas.

PMID- 3874741
TI  - Noma in a full-term neonate.
AB  - Noma is an uncommon gangrenous process usually affecting malnourished children. A
      full-term neonate with orofacial noma, bilateral choanal atresia, and transient
      neutropenia with B cell deficiency is reported. This unusual appearance of noma
      in a well-nourished newborn might be related to the combination of choanal
      atresia and transient immune deficiency.

PMID- 3874742
TI  - Effect of probenecid on the formation and elimination of acyl glucuronides:
      studies with zomepirac.
AB  - When 100 mg oral zomepirac was taken with 500 mg b.i.d. oral probenecid by six
      healthy subjects, the disposition of zomepirac was markedly altered. Probenecid
      decreased total plasma clearance of zomepirac by 64%, which resulted in an
      increase in bioavailability from 0.55 without probenecid to 0.84 when given
      concurrently. The apparent metabolic clearance of zomepirac to form zomepirac
      acyl glucuronide was reduced 71% and zomepirac renal clearance, a minor
      elimination route, was reduced by 79%. When assayed by a method that prevents
      degradation of the labile acyl glucuronide, zomepirac glucuronide concentrations
      in plasma were comparable to those of zomepirac. Probenecid decreased the renal
      clearance of zomepirac glucuronide by 72%, which, together with the increased
      zomepirac levels, resulted in a 2.8-fold increase in the AUC of the conjugate.
      Urinary excretion of zomepirac glucuronide was reduced from 72% to 58% of the
      dose, but the excretion of free zomepirac was unchanged at 5% of the dose. The
      ratio of the total clearance/bioavailability of zomepirac in control subjects was
      682 +/- 246 ml/min, which is double the value reported in previous studies of
      zomepirac disposition. We believe that this difference is due to degradation of
      the unstable zomepirac acyl glucuronide in the previous analytic methodologies
      used. Qualitatively, the effects of probenecid on zomepirac disposition are
      similar to those previously reported for other drugs of this class that are
      metabolized to acyl glucuronides. However, zomepirac appears unusual in that
      significant levels of its acyl glucuronide metabolite are found in vivo.

PMID- 3874743
TI  - [Digestive hemorrhage caused by drugs].

PMID- 3874744
TI  - Clinical and laboratory evaluation of immunologic disease.

PMID- 3874745
TI  - Twenty years of dental treatment in the Dutch Armed Forces.
AB  - A mixed longitudinal descriptive survey has been designed to answer some
      questions regarding the effectiveness of dental health care. For a period of 20
      years the dental records of 845 Dutch servicemen have been analyzed with regard
      to the amount of dental treatment per tooth and surface. Cross-sectional results
      of this study are compared with those of other studies. Generally the results of
      this study concerning restorations and extractions per tooth type accord with the
      literature. The provision of full dentures is relatively low in the Army.

PMID- 3874746
TI  - Use of gingival bleeding for reinforcement of oral home care behavior.
AB  - The present study examined the use of gingival bleeding as a reinforcement
      mechanism for interproximal home care with the toothpick. After initial
      assessments of plaque and gingival bleeding, 36 subjects were given a
      professional toothcleaning and instructed to maintain oral hygiene by
      toothbrushing alone for 3 months. After 3 months of brushing only, subjects were
      re-examined and given another professional toothcleaning. Having been matched for
      age and percentage of sites bleeding on probing, as determined at the initial
      examination, they were than randomly attached to one of three groups. One group,
      the control, continued to clean their teeth with only a toothbrush, while the
      other two groups used the toothbrush supplemented with the toothpick for
      interproximal subgingival cleaning. Both toothpick groups received identical
      instruction in toothpick technique, but one group was taught to use bleeding as
      an interpretive device for health. Three months later, clinical assessments
      indicated significantly less gingival bleeding for both toothpick groups as
      compared with the control (whose gingival health worsened). Although there was no
      significant difference between the final scores of the toothpick groups, only the
      group that used gingival bleeding as a sign of disease showed a significant
      improvement in gingival health (P less than 0.003), and also had a fivefold
      higher rate of return of self-report compliance cards. These results suggest that
      the use of gingival bleeding as a reinforcement mechanism should be considered as
      a strategy in oral home care instruction to promote compliance with recommended
      behavior.

PMID- 3874747
TI  - Conversion of retinol to 3,4-didehydroretinol in the tadpole.
AB  - The conversion of retinol to 3,4-didehydroretinol in bullfrog tadpoles was
      studied by injecting [3H] all-trans retinol into the peritoneal cavity. The
      specific activities of retinoids in the eye and the rest of the body at various
      time intervals after the injection were then determined by HPLC (high-performance
      liquid chromatography). Radioactivity was observed in ocular 3,4-didehydroretinyl
      esters after 2 days and their specific activity increased throughout the 2 weeks
      of experiment. This demonstrates that tadpoles can convert retinol to its 3,4
      didehydro derivative. In vitro experiments performed on isolated eye cups also
      suggested that the ocular tissues could convert retinol to 3,4-didehydroretinol.
      In the eye, the specific activity of porphyropsin or all-trans 3,4
      didehydroretinal (extracted by the denaturing solvent acetone) exceeded that of
      the all-trans 3,4-didehydroretinyl esters in storage. This suggests that the main
      ocular store of 3,4-didehydroretinyl esters does not constitute a precursor pool
      for porphyropsin synthesis.

PMID- 3874748
TI  - Tardive dyskinesia and psychopathology in chronic schizophrenia: a cross
      sectional study.

PMID- 3874749
TI  - The development of histiocytosis X in patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PMID- 3874750
TI  - Nosocomial infection surveillance, 1983. Centers for Disease Control.

PMID- 3874751
TI  - Further evaluation of bentiromide in the diagnosis of canine exocrine pancreatic
      insufficiency.
AB  - The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the
      bentiromide test in differentiating between dogs with exocrine pancreatic
      insufficiency (EPI) and those with primary intestinal disease (PID). A secondary
      objective was to correlate the results of the commonly used diagnostic techniques
      with the results of the bentiromide test. This test consists of the oral
      administration of a synthetic peptide that is cleaved only by chymotrypsin. A
      subsequent rise in the plasma concentration of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
      indicates the degree of cleavage, providing an in vivo assessment of chymotrypsin
      activity. Fourteen dogs with EPI and five dogs with PID were categorized on the
      basis of clinical signs, laboratory evaluations, and histologic examination of
      intestinal biopsies. Six normal dogs served as controls. The bentiromide test
      clearly identified the dogs with EPI and distinguished them from the dogs with
      PID and the control dogs. The results of the bentiromide test correlated well
      with the results of the clinical and laboratory evaluations. On the basis of
      these observations and conclusions, recommendations for the pragmatic application
      of the bentiromide test are offered.

PMID- 3874752
TI  - Does antacid prophylaxis prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in critically
      ill patients?
AB  - Sixty-five surgical ICU patients at high risk of developing acute erosive
      gastritis and bleeding received prophylactic antacid treatment to maintain a
      gastric pH of at least 5.0. A similar control group of 61 patients received no
      specific prophylaxis. All patients in both groups developed microscopic bleeding;
      however, microscopic bleeding did not influence outcome. In the control group,
      eight (13.1%) patients developed moderate visible bleeding, as compared to seven
      (10.8%) patients in the antacid group, an insignificant difference. A single
      patient in the control group developed severe GI bleeding due to acute erosive
      gastritis. Antacid prophylaxis did not prevent macroscopic bleeding and there was
      no correlation between the number of risk factors in individual patients and the
      rate of upper GI bleeding. We conclude that antacid is not required to prevent
      upper GI bleeding in high-risk critically ill patients.

PMID- 3874753
TI  - The flux ratio of the Na-Cl cotransport mechanism in the frog corneal epithelium.
AB  - The stoichiometry of the Na-Cl cotransport mechanism at the basolateral membrane
      of the frog corneal epithelium was studied with the aid of intracellular
      microelectrodes by analyzing the effects of ouabain on intracellular recordings
      (PDSC) and transepithelial short-circuit current (ISC). Under short-circuit
      conditions, the total current across the basolateral membrane was equated to the
      Cl- transport across the apical membrane. Ouabain produces a quick and steep
      decrease of PDSC (7.1 mV) and ISC (3.0 microA/cm2) that was ascribed to a sudden
      inhibition of the electrogenic component of the Na-K pump. From these effects,
      and from results in previous studies, the maximum value for the Na+ flux via the
      cotransport mechanism (IcNa) was estimated and compared to the apical Cl-
      transport (a minimum estimate of the Cl- flux cotransported with Na+c). In all
      experiments, ICl was larger than IcNa. Considering that Na+ also recirculates
      across the basolateral membrane via a passive pathway, the Cl:Na flux ratio of
      the cotransport system may be as high as 4.

PMID- 3874754
TI  - Electron microprobe analysis of chloride secretion in the frog cornea.
AB  - Electron microprobe analysis was employed to measure the intracellular
      electrolyte concentrations of the bullfrog corneal epithelium. Under control
      conditions, transepithelial potential short-circuited and both sides of the
      isolated cornea incubated in Conway's solution, the mean intracellular
      concentrations were 8.0 for sodium, 18.4 for chloride and 117.3 for potassium
      (mmole/kg wet weight). These values are in good agreement with previously
      reported ion activities implying that the intracellular activity co-efficient for
      small ions is close to that of the extracellular space. No significant
      differences between the nuclear and cytoplasmic concentrations of small
      diffusible ions were detectable. Similarly, the chloride concentrations in the
      different epithelial layers were virtually identical and showed parallel changes
      at varying states of chloride secretion, suggesting that corneal epithelium
      represents a functional syncytium. The behavior of the intracellular ion
      concentrations after removal of sodium, chloride or potassium from the outer or
      inner bath is consistent with a passive electrodiffusive efflux of chloride
      across the outer membrane and a sodium coupled chloride uptake across the inner
      membrane. Furthermore, effects of bicarbonate and CO2 on the rate of chloride
      secretion and on the intracellular sodium and chloride concentrations were
      observed, indicating a possible role of pH in regulating chloride secretion.

PMID- 3874755
TI  - Fibrin: mediator of in vivo and in vitro injury and inflammation.
AB  - We examined the role that fibrin deposition and fibrin-associated factors (FAF)
      play in acute anterior segment inflammatory responses in the rabbit eye. It was
      demonstrated by immunofluorescence that fibrin represented a major component of
      the exudative meshwork deposited within the anterior chamber and on leukocyte
      surfaces therein. Using our in vivo model of endocular inflammation we next
      demonstrated that fibrin and fibrinogen-derived peptides, but not thrombin,
      induced inflammatory responses characterized by both leukocyte influx and
      endothelial cell injury. Fibrin formation within the anterior chamber induced a
      leukocyte influx consisting primarily of PMN's. Fibrinogen-derived peptides
      induced primarily a monocyte influx. This dichotomy suggests that multiple
      inflammatory mediators are elaborated or released during endocular fibrinogenesis
      and fibrinolysis. To investigate direct effects of fibrin deposition on the
      corneal endothelial cells (CEC) an in vitro "corneal cup" organ culture model was
      next developed. Studies comparing various types of mediators demonstrated that
      only fibrin- derived preparations directly induced CEC injury. Fibrin deposition
      may thus play multiple roles in endocular inflammation, including the modulation
      of leukocyte influx, and the direct mediation of corneal endothelial cell injury.

PMID- 3874756
TI  - Coronary artery bypass grafts. Influence of preoperative risk factors on the late
      postoperative course.
AB  - In order to assess the influence of preoperative risk factors on the late
      postoperative course, 186 consecutive patients in whom coronary artery bypass
      graft (CABG) was performed for chronic stable angina (169 men, 17 women, mean age
      +/- SD 54 +/- 8 years) were followed for an average of 54 (6 to 113) months. The
      overall five-year survival rate by life-table analysis was 90 +/- 2 percent. The
      postoperative course was considered favorable in 112 patients (60 percent) in
      whom angina was absent or improved by at least 2 NYHA classes throughout the
      entire follow-up, and was unsatisfactory in 74 patients. It was concluded that
      the late postoperative course of patients with CABG was unfavorably influenced by
      the presence of two or three risk factors, and a high preoperative cholesterol
      level was the only single risk factor associated with unsatisfactory outcome.

PMID- 3874757
TI  - Strategy for the detection and management of coronary artery disease. "Physiology
      before anatomy".
AB  - A strategy for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease should be based on
      knowledge of the prevalence of the disease in population subgroups. Asymptomatic
      patients should not be routinely screened. Asymptomatic patients or patients with
      nonanginal chest pain should have both a positive exercise electrocardiogram and
      stress nuclear scan before a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease is justified or
      arteriography is recommended. Patients with atypical angina should be evaluated
      with exercise radionuclide ventriculography. Coronary arteriography is rarely
      needed for diagnosis and is most properly used as a preoperative evaluation of a
      patient who has symptoms uncontrolled by medical management, or in whom a
      significant amount of myocardium is at risk as determined by physiologic testing
      with exercise electrocardiography or stress nuclear techniques.

PMID- 3874758
TI  - Creation of novel chiral synthons with enzymes: application to enantioselective
      synthesis of antibiotics.
AB  - Retrosynthesis was carried out to generate, from a target molecule, a symmetric
      diester in the prochiral or meso form. The symmetric diester was subjected to
      asymmetric hydrolysis with pig liver esterase to create the corresponding chiral
      half-ester. The chiral half-ester was converted into the target molecule by
      organic synthesis. Thus, various types of carbapenem antibiotics, negamycin,
      showdomycin, 6-azapseudouridine, cordycepin, aristeromycin, neplanocin A, and
      precursors of fortimicin were efficiently synthesized with the desired absolute
      configuration. The methods for asymmetric synthesis starting from substrates with
      sigma-symmetry have been extensively developed.

PMID- 3874759
TI  - Radiation-induced solitary rectal ulcer.
AB  - A case of radiation-induced solitary rectal ulcer is presented. The unusual
      posterior location with involvement of the internal iliac artery produced massive
      lower intestinal hemorrhage. Temporary control was obtained with percutaneous
      arterial catheter embolization, but definitive control necessitated surgical
      resection.

PMID- 3874760
TI  - [Gold-induced fibrosing alveolitis].
AB  - Fibrotic alveolitis appeared in a 54-year-old patient undergoing gold therapy. In
      differential diagnosis, this infrequent side effect of gold therapy is to be
      distinguished from rheumatoid lung fibrosis. Lymphocyte sub-populations were
      determined in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid of the patient. The results
      obtained support the view that the side effect is due to an immunologically
      mediated process.

PMID- 3874761
TI  - [Pericardial effusions after heart surgery. Incidence and clinical sequelae].
AB  - The frequency and clinical outcome of pericardial effusions was investigated in
      104 patients following open-heart surgery. A pre- and post-operative
      echocardiogram was made in all cases. Pericardial effusions were present in 26%,
      significantly more occurring after bypass surgery (37%) than after valve
      replacement (15%). In 4 out of 5 cases the effusion had no haemodynamic effect
      and in no instance was a repeat thoracotomy necessary. A significantly higher
      incidence of reduced exercise tolerance, increased heart rate, atrial
      fibrillation and a radiologically demonstrable increase in heart size of more
      than 10 mm, were indicative of the presence of pericardial effusions. In
      contrast, central venous pressure and blood pressure were no higher than in
      patients without pericardial effusion. Complication-free pericardial effusions
      thus occur frequently after cardiac surgery. A reliable diagnosis is only
      possible by means of echocardiography. It remains to be shown whether the long
      term clinical progress is affected.

PMID- 3874762
TI  - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin and the percentage of fecal excretion of 111In-oxin-labeled
      leukocytes in Crohn disease].

PMID- 3874763
TI  - [Immunological mechanisms of contact hypersensitivity].

PMID- 3874764
TI  - [Localized imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose].

PMID- 3874765
TI  - [Interaction of the tumor and immunocompetent cells of lung cancer patients in
      diffusion chambers].
AB  - Peculiarities of interaction of tumour cells and lymphocytes were studied in
      cultivating explants of 19 human lung tumours in diffusion chambers. Results were
      analyzed with due regard for the histological structure of tumours, level of
      tissue differentiation and clinical stage of the disease. Criteria are developed
      for evaluating the interaction of tumour cells and lymphocytes, namely: the
      relative content of lymphocytes in culture, the number of spheroids and a way of
      their destruction (edge one or with lymphocytes), presence of lymphocytic
      clusters and aggregates of blast-like cells, presence of tumour cell-lymphocyte
      complexes. The obtained results may be used for estimation of the tumour
      malignancy degree.

PMID- 3874766
TI  - Dose- and time-dependent effects of a dimeric ethynodiol-testosterone depot
      preparation in female rat.
AB  - The time- and dose-dependent effects of a dimeric ethynodiol-testosterone ester
      upon intact and hemi-castrated female rats were compared to those of equivalent
      doses of norethisterone enanthate plus testosterone enanthate. In intact rats,
      serum LH was markedly suppressed for at least 8 weeks after a single i.m.
      injection of 10 or 20 mg of the dimer which exceeded the depot-effect of the
      combination of the enanthates. A biphasic time-and dose-dependent effect of the
      dimeric ester upon ovarian and uterine weight was observed. During first 2 weeks
      following the injection there was a pronounced enlargement of corpora lutea and a
      marked enhancement of progesterone secretion, probably due to a direct
      stimulation by the androgens. At the same time, the uteri were markedly enlarged.
      During the following weeks, the ovaries became progressively smaller and showed
      degenerative changes, the steroid levels decreased and the uteri became atrophic.
      When hemi-castrated rats were injected once with 1 and 5 mg of the dimer, LH
      became suppressed, and the compensatory hypertrophy of the ovary was inhibited.
      At higher doses, the weight of the ovary and uterus was increased, and the luteal
      function was stimulated. The results indicate that, even though the gonadotropins
      are suppressed, there is possibly a direct stimulatory effect of high doses of
      the intact dimeric molecule upon the uterus, while the stimulation of the corpus
      luteum function is due to an interference of the transiently elevated
      testosterone level with ovarian steroid biosynthesis.

PMID- 3874767
TI  - Release of progesterone by porcine luteal cells from different days of estrous
      cycle: effect of LH, PRL and PGF2 alpha.
AB  - The secretion of progesterone (P4) by porcine luteal cells from 5th, 8th, 14-16th
      and 17th day of estrous cycle was estimated under basal conditions and after
      stimulation with LH (0.1 and 1 microgram ml-1), PRL (2 micrograms ml-1) and PGF2
      alpha (0.1 and 5 micrograms ml-1). P4 in the medium was estimated by radio
      immunological method after 30 min and then after 3, 6, 9 and 15 h of incubation.
      Luteal cells from 5th, 8th, 13th, 14-16th and 17th day of estrous cycle released
      on average 140.9 +/- 14.4, 138.9 +/- 12.7, 224.4 +/- 21.3, 62.3 +/- 4.2 ng and
      6.4 +/- 0.6 ng P4 per ml-1 medium, respectively. Luteal cells from 5th day of the
      estrous cycle significantly increased (P less than 0.05) P4 release during first
      30 min of incubation in the presence both doses of LH, but the dose of 1
      microgram LH significantly stimulated P4 secretion during next 3 h, too. Only the
      luteal cells from 13th day of the estrous cycle increased (P less than 0.05) P4
      production in the presence of 1 microgram LH, and prolactin exerted luteolytic
      effect also only on luteal cells from 13th day of the estrous cycle. The release
      of P4 by luteal cells from 5th day of the estrous cycle increased (P less than
      0.05) during first 30 min of incubation in the presence of PGF2 alpha. However,
      PGF2 alpha (5 micrograms) exerted inhibitory effect (P less than 0.05) on P4
      release by luteal cells from only 13th day of the estrous cycle. The results
      showed that the effect of these hormones on P4 secretion by luteal cells depended
      on the period of estrous cycle and doses used.

PMID- 3874768
TI  - Intravenous thiobarbital anaesthesia for determination of liver glycogen
      phosphorylase activity in rats subjected to various forms of stress.
AB  - Glycogen phosphorylase activity was determined in rat livers obtained by
      laparotomy in thiobarbital (Inactin, PROMONTA) anaesthesia induced by injection
      of the drug via a polyethylene catheter into a jugular vein as described
      previously [Nemeth et al. 1983a]. Intact rats and animals exposed to open field
      stress without or after i.p. injection of the alpha blocker phentolamine
      (Regitine, CIBA; 20 mg kg-1, 90 min before stress) or the beta blocker
      propranolol (Inderal, ICI; 2 mg kg-1, 30 min before stress) were studied. In
      stressed animals a net increase of phosphorylase activity was observed. This
      response was abolished after alpha blockade, while after beta blockade it was
      potentiated. In a further series on animals subjected to the same type of
      anaesthesia, the activating effect of immobilization stress on phosphorylase
      activity was confirmed in both fed and fasted animals, the response of the latter
      issuing from a lower initial level but being of the same extent as in the fed
      rats.

PMID- 3874769
TI  - A case of Graves' disease with anti-triiodothyronine antibodies.
AB  - A case of Graves' disease with high serum thyroxine (T4) and low triiodothyronine
      (T3) levels which was therefore initially diagnosed as a T4-thyrotoxicosis is
      reported. Examination of the serum from the patient showed the presence of
      unusual protein which bound T3. It was later confirmed as IgG class anti-T3
      antibodies. In addition to treatment with methylmercaptoimidazole (MMI), the
      patient was treated with prednisolone for 30 days (total amount 500 mg). Titers
      of anti-T3 antibodies in the sera were unchanged before and after prednisolone
      treatment. Our present case indicates that it is clinically important to bear the
      presence of autoantibodies in mind to account for a possible error in measuring
      T3 and T4 by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In the case that RIA determination gives an
      unexpectedly high or low T3 and/or T4 value, the presence of autoantibodies to
      them should be considered and a test for them is recommended.

PMID- 3874770
TI  - Injection of nonvariceal bleeding lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - In a prospective series 102 non-variceal upper GI bleeders were studied. An
      indication for endoscopic injection therapy was seen in 63 patients. In
      accordance with bleeding intensity, 27 patients were grouped as Forrest Ia, 37 as
      Forrest Ib, 8 as Forrest II with a "visible vessel" and 13 as Forrest II without
      one. Definitive hemostasis was achieved in almost 100% of the cases. Within the
      Forrest Ia group mortality was lowered to 11% as compared with 20% within the
      emergency surgery group. More than 80% of patients had at least one severe
      coexistent illness. The aim of endoscopic injection is to avoid surgery in high
      risk patients.

PMID- 3874771
TI  - Microwave tissue coagulation applied clinically in endoscopic surgery.
AB  - On the basis of the ample basic knowledge acquired by repeated experiments, we
      applied our microwave tissue coagulator in endoscopic surgery, in a total of 59
      patients with benign and malignant lesions encountered during a period of two
      years beginning in July, 1981. Hemostasis was achieved in 96.5% of all the cases
      with bleeding lesions in the digestive tract. Stenosis was alleviated in 86% of
      the cases with esophageal or rectal stenosis. Furthermore, the technique was
      successfully used for hemostasis and tumor reduction in inoperable early cancer
      cases. Our device is unique in that the electrode is thrust into tissue, which
      assures us of a satisfactory result. In this point, it must be clearly
      distinguished from an electrocoagulator or a laser coagulator, which is
      associated with a risk of injuring intact tissue. The range of coagulation is
      adjustable by changing the length of the monopolar antenna and electric output,
      and by employing a coaxial cable of appropriate thickness. In conclusion, our
      microwave tissue coagulator can be used easily and safely in clinical endoscopic
      surgery.

PMID- 3874772
TI  - Circulating immune complexes in asbestos workers.
AB  - Circulating immune complexes, rheumatoid factor, and antinuclear antibodies were
      evaluated in 25 asbestos insulation workers and 32 brick mason controls. There
      were 10 asbestos workers with radiographic parenchymal or pleural changes,
      consistent with their asbestos exposure. There were no differences in antinuclear
      antibodies or rheumatoid factor between asbestos workers and controls. The
      asbestos workers had significantly increased levels of IgG and IgA circulating
      immune complexes. There was a significant correlation between IgA circulating
      immune complexes and radiographic changes.

PMID- 3874773
TI  - Quantitative assessment of rabbit alveolar macrophage function by
      chemiluminescence.
AB  - Rabbit alveolar macrophages (RAM) were cultured for 24 hr with concentrations
      ranging from 3 to 12 micrograms/ml of vanadium oxide (V2O5), a known cytotoxic
      agent, or with high-molecular-weight organic by-products from coal gasification
      processes. After culture the cells were harvested and tested for functional
      capacity using three types of indicators: (1) luminol-amplified chemiluminescence
      (CL), which quantitatively detects photon emission due to respiratory burst
      activity measured in a newly designed instrument with standardized reagents; (2)
      the reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium-saturated polyacrylamide beads, a
      semiquantitative measure of respiratory burst activity; and (3) phagocytic
      efficiency, defined as percentage of cells incorporating immunoglobulin-coated
      polyacrylamide beads. Chemiluminescence declined linearly with increasing
      concentrations of V2O5 over the dose range tested. Dye reduction and phagocytic
      efficiency similarly decreased with increasing V2O5 concentration, but were less
      sensitive indicators of functional impairment than CL as measured by the amount
      required to reduce the response to 50% of untreated cells. The effect of coal
      gasification condensates on RAM function varied, but in general these tests also
      indicated that the CL response was the most sensitive indicator.

PMID- 3874774
TI  - Comparison of phentolamine and urapidil in controlling acute intra-operative
      hypertension in patients subjected to coronary artery bypass surgery.
AB  - Intra-operative hypertensive episodes are a frequent problem in patients
      undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The haemodynamic effects of the alpha
      adrenergic blocking drugs phentolamine and urapidil, two alpha-adrenergic
      blocking drugs with a different alpha-receptor subtype specificity, when used to
      control intra-operative hypertension were evaluated. Ten patients received
      phentolamine (about 25 micrograms kg-1 min-1) and ten patients received urapidil
      (about 100 micrograms kg-1 min-1) to return arterial blood pressure to control
      levels. Both drugs decreased arterial pressure to baseline values within 2-3
      minutes by reducing the elevated systemic vascular resistance. Treatment with
      phentolamine was accompanied by a marked increase in heart rate with a
      concomitant increase in cardiac index and the rate-pressure product. Urapidil
      caused no change in heart rate, but the cardiac index increased. Urapidil lowered
      the rate-pressure product significantly. Both drugs reduced mean pulmonary artery
      and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures. The different selectivity of
      phentolamine and urapidil to alpha 1-and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors induces the
      diverse haemodynamic effects. We conclude that the use of urapidil is the
      superior regimen when an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent is favoured as a
      vasodilator.

PMID- 3874776
TI  - Relationship of beta-lactamase production to growth phase in Bacteroides species.

PMID- 3874775
TI  - Method for testing adherence of Haemophilus influenzae to human buccal epithelial
      cells.
AB  - A method for testing adherence of Haemophilus influenzae strains to buccal
      mucosal cells is described. Bacteria grown in broth for 4 h were mixed with
      buccal mucosal cells. After elimination of unattached bacteria by repeated cycles
      of centrifugation and resuspension in PBS, the number of attached bacteria was
      counted microscopically. Optimal results were obtained with an early log-phase
      bacterial culture at a concentration of 10(9) bacteria/ml mixed with 2 X 10(4)
      cells/ml and incubated at 37 degrees C for 60 min. This assay showed an at least
      ten times higher rate of adherence for Haemophilus influenzae than previous
      studies. Nontypeable strains attached in higher numbers than strains with the
      type b capsule. Adherence was related to the frequency of nontypeable strains
      rather than to the site of isolation or type of infection. Thus all the isolates
      from middle ear fluid were nontypeable, and all but one adhered. The results
      suggest a difference in virulence mechanisms between type b and nontypeable
      Haemophilus influenzae strains.

PMID- 3874777
TI  - Gardnerella vaginalis in urinary tract infections of immunocompromised patients.

PMID- 3874778
TI  - On the mechanism of deoxyribonucleoside toxicity in human T-lymphoblastoid cells.
      Reversal of growth inhibition by addition of cytidine.
AB  - High levels of deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine in patients with inherited
      deficiency of either adenosine deaminase or purine-nucleoside phosphorylase,
      respectively, are considered to be responsible for the associated immunological
      disorder. The mechanism involves phosphorylation to the corresponding
      deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates which subsequently inhibit the CDP-reducing
      activity of ribonucleotide reductase. Addition of deoxycytidine protects cells
      from the cytotoxic effects of deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine by competition
      for phosphorylation and by replenishing dCTP, the apparent limiting DNA
      precursor. Addition of cytidine, but not uridine, led to a reversal of
      deoxyguanosine and thymidine growth inhibition, comparable to that obtained with
      deoxycytidine. Analysis of the intracellular nucleotide pools showed that
      increased levels of cytidine ribonucleotides were sufficient to overcome the
      inhibitory effects of dGTP and dTTP on CDP reduction, thereby circumventing a
      depletion of the dCTP pool. A partial reversal of deoxyadenosine toxicity was
      also obtained with addition of cytidine. In this case little change in the dCTP
      level was observed, but a decreased dGTP pool appeared to be correlated with
      growth inhibition. High cytidine ribonucleotide levels partially prevented this
      effect. The present results may encourage the use of cytidine in combination with
      deoxycytidine as a pharmacological regime in treatment of immunodeficiency
      disease associated with increased deoxyribonucleotide levels.

PMID- 3874779
TI  - Autoradiographic localization of D1 dopamine receptors in the rat brain with
      [3H]SKF 38393.

PMID- 3874780
TI  - Antifibrillatory actions of bepridil and butyl-MDI, two intracellular calcium
      antagonists.
AB  - The antifibrillatory and electrophysiologic actions of bepridil and butyl
      methylenedioxyindene (BU-MDI), two intracellular calcium antagonists, were
      examined in anesthetized dogs. The administration of bepridil (1.0-10.0 mg/kg
      i.v.) significantly increased the electrical threshold for ventricular
      fibrillation determined during unobstructed coronary flow, and was associated
      with a significant decrease in ventricular excitability and a progressive
      depression in ventricular myocardial conduction. BU-MDI (3.0-30.0 mg/kg i.v.) did
      not significantly alter ventricular fibrillation thresholds during unobstructed
      coronary flow, nor did it significantly alter electrophysiologic properties such
      as ventricular excitability, conduction or refractoriness. The administration of
      either bepridil (10 mg/kg i.v.) or BU-MDI (30 mg/kg i.v.), however, resulted in
      significant increases in the ventricular fibrillation thresholds determined
      during transient myocardial ischemia, restoring the threshold values to
      corresponding non-ischemic levels. These results suggest that an inhibition of
      the action and/or availability of intracellular calcium may play a role in the
      antifibrillatory actions of BU-MDI and bepridil during transient ischemia.

PMID- 3874781
TI  - Effects of triiodothyronine on the 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced head twitch and
      its potentiation by antidepressants in mice.
AB  - Daily injection of triiodothyronine (T3) for 3 consecutive days dose dependently
      enhanced 1-5-HTP (4 mg/kg)-induced head twitches in mice. This effect was blocked
      by 1-penbutolol. Pretreatment with a sub-effective dose of T3 (0.06 mg/kg)
      markedly enhanced the ability of clenbuterol but not indalpine to potentiate the
      response to 1-5-HTP. Likewise, the effects of T3 were more pronounced on the
      desipramine- or maprotiline-induced potentiation of head-twitches than on the
      action of citalopram or clomipramine. These data suggest that the increased
      responsiveness to 1-5-HTP caused by T3 involves an indirect (noradrenalin
      mediated) rather than a direct effect on serotonergic processes.

PMID- 3874782
TI  - Spatial distribution of visual pigment and dopamine in the bullfrog retina.
AB  - Visual pigments and a neurotransmitter, dopamine, were quantitatively
      investigated in the retina of adult bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. The adult
      bullfrog (body length 15-16 cm, body weight 375 +/- 52 g, n = 10) had 21.4 +/-
      4.2 nmol visual pigment and 209 +/- 28 pmol dopamine in retinal areas of 266 +/-
      27 mm2. Greater pigment densities were recorded in a semicircular band around the
      optic disc, extending to the nasal and temporal peripheries of the ventral
      retina. The area with the highest concentration of visual pigment was found in
      the middle of the dorsal retina, 3-4 mm dorsal to the optic disc. A high
      concentration of vitamin A2-based pigment was found in the dorsal quarter of the
      retina (porphyropsin zone); the zone extended up to the most ventral part along
      peripheral regions of the retina. There was also a band with higher dopamine
      concentrations although it was not so prominent as that of the visual pigment;
      the highest concentration of dopamine was found in the area immediately
      dorsotemporal to the optic disc. Fluorescence micrography indicated that the
      distribution pattern of catecholamine-containing amacrine cells paralleled that
      of the dopamine content. The topographic map of dopamine was slightly different
      from that of visual pigment in the bullfrog retina.

PMID- 3874783
TI  - Anaphylaxis of ocular adnexa induced by infection of anti-IgE antibody.
AB  - To examine the role in ocular tissue injury of anaphylaxis alone (as distinct
      from other mechanisms possibly present in a model involving immunization), a
      model of anaphylaxis was produced by injection of rabbit anti-rat IgE antibody
      into ocular adnexal tissues of rats. Adnexal swelling, seen within 15 min,
      disappeared by 6 hr. Vascular permeability and weight of adnexal tissues were
      increased at 0.5 hr and had returned to near normal levels by 6 hr. Histologic
      study revealed extensive degranulation of mast cells at 0.5 hr after injection
      and a return to normal by 24 hr. Neutrophils reached a level of 7400/mm3 at 6 hr
      and returned to normal by 24 hr. Macrophages accumulated by 24 hr in all tissues,
      including control eyes injected with normal serum. The similarity of results from
      this 'pure' model of anaphylaxis to results from a model produced by injecting
      antigen into ocular adnexal tissues of immunized rats suggests that anaphylactic
      mechanisms are responsible for the changes seen in the antigen-injected model.

PMID- 3874784
TI  - Heterozygosity in the Pi-system as a pathogenetic cofactor in chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease (COPD).
AB  - A population (n = 526), consisting of employees with COPD, was compared with 2
      control populations for the prevalence of Pi-phenotypes. In the patient group,
      the proportions of ZZ, SZ and MZ were significantly elevated. Among the patient
      population a prospective study was carried out to evaluate the role of alpha 1
      antitrypsin deficiency as a cofactor in COPD. Severity of disease was estimated
      by standard pulmonary function tests, X-ray signs for emphysema and clinical
      assessment. Patients with ZZ, SZ and MZ were significantly worse than their MM
      partners. An influence of MS cannot be rejected. Phenotyping of all patients with
      COPD is advocated. Screening can also be by determining the ratio of alpha 1
      antitrypsin and acid alpha 1-glycoprotein concentrations, which allowed detection
      of all ZZ, SZ, MZ and about 60% of the MS patients.

PMID- 3874785
TI  - Recurrent diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage with minor kidney lesions.
AB  - This case report concerns a 14-year-old boy with a 3 month history of dyspnea and
      iron deficiency anemia. On admission he had hemoptysis and bilateral pulmonary
      shadows. Transbronchial lung biopsies showed linear deposits of IgG and C3 in the
      alveolar basement membrane, but no anti-GBM antibodies were observed in serum or
      kidney biopsy. The ratio of the T cell subpopulations T4/T8 in peripheral blood
      was in the early stage, 5 and, thus, elevated. The patient was given prednisolone
      1 to 0.25 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide 2 mg/kg with temporary cessation of
      pulmonary bleeding. Hemoptysis recurred and plasma exchange was performed with
      success.

PMID- 3874786
TI  - The influence of interstimulus interval on the development of vestibular
      habituation to repeated velocity steps.
AB  - In order to clarify the problem of which stimulus parameters affect vestibular
      habituation, a group of cats was submitted to repeated velocity steps involving
      changes in either the step amplitude or the interval between two consecutive
      steps. In the first two experiments, the protocol was the same as in a previous
      study which used steps of 160 degrees/s separated by 60 s, except that the steps
      were of 80 degrees/s and 16 degrees/s. In the remaining experiments the step
      amplitude was kept constant (160 degrees/s) and the interstimulus interval was
      changed: each step was delivered either immediately after the reversal of the
      nystagmus elicited by the preceding step (only a few beats in the reversed
      direction were allowed to occur) or immediately before (no beats in the reversed
      direction). Vestibular habituation was found to occur in both experiments of the
      first series. Nevertheless, the marked initial suppression of the response, that
      was reported as one aspect of vestibular habituation to steps of 160 degrees/s,
      was clearly present when steps of 80 degrees/s were used, but was not as clear
      when the step amplitude was reduced to 16 degrees/s. The experiments of the
      second series showed that a typical vestibular habituation still occurs when
      steps are delivered just after the reversal of nystagmus. On the contrary, no
      habituation was observed when steps preceded the reversal of nystagmus. It was
      concluded that the presence of an anticompensatory phase is interpreted by the
      central nervous system as a sign that the response evoked in a reflex way is
      functionally meaningless or even detrimental. An habituation process is then
      started to suppress the response.

PMID- 3874787
TI  - Effects of whole-body rotation on masseteric motoneuron excitability.
AB  - Vestibular stimulation is a popular clinical treatment for enhancing the
      excitability of spinal motoneurons innervating trunk and limb muscles, but
      whether vestibular stimulation can also influence trigeminal motoneurons is not
      known. We determined whether or not vestibular stimulation evoked by rotation of
      a seated subject would modify the excitability of masseteric motoneurons. The
      amplitude and frequency of occurrence of masseteric compound action potentials
      evoked by standard chin taps provided measures for assessing masseteric
      motoneuron excitability. Eleven healthy adults with no orofacial or otologic
      disorders served as subjects. Each sat in a motorized dental chair with his head
      stabilized by a halo head-piece so that chair rotation caused labyrinthine
      excitation. The frequency (3/s) of chin taps and their impact force were
      maintained constant by microcomputer control. After each tap, a 16-ms sample of
      EMG recorded from surface electrodes over the right masseter was digitized and
      stored for subsequent visual inspection. Only compound action potentials meeting
      rigorous criteria in terms of latency, amplitude, duration, and waveform were
      accepted as responses. The mean frequencies of occurrence and the mean amplitudes
      of the responses showed wide variability. Histogram displays of every response
      for each subject, however, revealed enhanced output from the masseteric
      motoneuron pool during the decleration and postrotation phases. In subjects not
      immediately retested this enhancement was persistent but decayed during the next
      5 min. In five subjects the experiment was repeated after 1 min. The changes in
      response variables during phases 3 and 4 were significantly less than on the
      first trial, suggesting habituation. These results provide quantitative evidence
      that the dynamic input from vestibular ampullary receptors in response to
      rotation enhances masseteric motoneuron output.

PMID- 3874788
TI  - Isolation and characterization of epidermal growth factor from human milk.
AB  - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been purified from human milk. The purification
      was monitored with a human placental membrane radioreceptor assay using murine
      salivary epidermal growth factor I (mEGF I) as a competitive ligand and was
      achieved exclusively by the use of reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC).
      The sequential use of preparative, semipreparative and analytical RPLC on an
      octylsilica support with solvent systems of different solute selectivity such as
      pyridine formate, triethylammonnium phosphate or perfluorocarbonic acids in the
      presence of n-propanol or acetonitrile allowed purification to homogeneity with 5
      consecutive runs. The molecular mass, amino acid composition and NH2-terminal
      sequence of human EGF were determined. Gas-phase microsequencing of residues 1-17
      revealed the following sequence: Asn-Ser-Asp-Ser-Glu-X-Pro-Leu-Ser-His-Asp-Gly
      Tyr-X-Leu-X-Asp which is identical with the NH2-terminof urogastrone from human
      urine. The purified polypeptide competes with mEGF for the placental membrane
      receptor with a ki of 1 ng. Furthermore, it stimulates the anchorage-dependent as
      well as -independent proliferation of human and rat indicator cells with half
      maximal stimulation at 1 and 2.5 ng/ml, respectively. Although human epidermal
      growth factor has been unequivocally identified in human milk and -for the first
      time-shown to be identical with urogastrone from human urine, the high-resolution
      techniques employed have also revealed the presence of EGF-related molecules
      which await further characterization. It is possible that EGF and the EGF-related
      growth factors possess important regulatory functions in normal growth of the
      human breast during pregnancy and lactation as well as in abnormal growth during
      mammary tumor formation and progression.

PMID- 3874789
TI  - Isolation of the epidermal growth factor from the shrew submaxillary gland.
AB  - The epidermal growth factor (EGF) from the submaxillary glands of the Chinese
      Shrew (Suncus murinus) is purified to apparent homogeneity by using a sequence of
      four chromatographic steps, viz. gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200, affinity
      chromatography on immobilized Ni, hydrophobic interaction on phenyl-Sepharose CL
      4B and reverse-phase HPLC. An 800-fold increase in specific activity and an
      overall recovery of 46% were achieved. The most effective step in its
      purification is the successful use of immobilized metal ion affinity
      chromatography (IMAC). This method was very selective, reproducible and requires
      a minimum of sample pre-treatment prior to chromatography.

PMID- 3874790
TI  - Modulation of intracellular Ca2+ in the parathyroid cell. Release of Ca2+ from
      non-mitochondrial pools by inositol trisphosphate.
AB  - Stimuli which enhance secretion from parathyroid cells such as low extracellular
      Ca2+ or Mg2+ are associated with a decrease in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration
      as measured by quin2. Current evidence suggests that increased production of
      inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) releases Ca2+ from cellular stores thus
      increasing cytosolic Ca2+. We used saponin-permeabilized dispersed bovine
      parathyroid cells to study the effect of IP3 on intracellular Ca2+. IP3 released
      Ca2+ from these cells in a dose-dependent manner; half-maximal response occurred
      with 0.3 microM IP3 and maximal response with 1.2 microM IP3. Permeabilized cells
      incubated in the presence of the mitochondrial inhibitor antimycin A released a
      similar amount of Ca2+ suggesting that IP3 releases Ca2+ from a non-mitochondrial
      pool. These results suggest that IP3 regulates cytosolic Ca2+ in this system and
      may function as a second messenger controlling hormone secretion.

PMID- 3874791
TI  - [Experience with the conservative management of facial neuralgia].

PMID- 3874792
TI  - [The effects of o,p'-DDD on adrenal steroidogenesis and hepatic steroid
      metabolism].
AB  - O,p'-DDD is used for the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma and Cushing's
      disease. The inhibitory effect of this drug on the adrenal steroid biosynthesis
      has been described by many authors, but there are very few reports about the
      sites of action of this drug on adrenal steroid synthesis. This paper presents in
      vitro studies on adrenal steroidogenesis and hepatic steroid metabolism. The
      effects of o,p'-DDD on adrenal 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD),
      11 beta-hydroxylase (11 beta-OHlase) and 18-hydroxylase (18-OHlase) were examined
      in vitro using mitochondrial and microsomal fractions prepared by standard
      centrifugation procedures from the homogenate of bovine adrenal cortices. The
      concentrations of o,p'-DDD inducing 50% inhibition of 3 beta-HSD, 11 beta-OHlase
      and 18-OHlase were 8 X 10(-6) M, 1 X 10(-5) M and 3 X 10(-6) M, respectively.
      This study clearly demonstrates the marked inhibitory effects of o,p'-DDD on 3
      beta-HSD in vitro, which was not described previously. The inhibitory effects of
      o,p'-DDD on these 3 enzymes were diminished by an addition of 0.05 approximately
      0.5 mM of cofactor (NADPH or NAD). The results indicate that o,p'-DDD may reduce
      NADPH or NAD utilization, resulting in the inhibition of steroidogenesis. The
      effects of o,p'-DDD on hepatic 5 beta-reductase were examined in vitro using rat
      liver homogenate. O,p'-DDD inhibits 5 beta-reductase, resulting in the decrease
      of conversion of cortisol to dihydrocortisol and tetrahydrocortisol at the
      concentration of 10(-3) M.

PMID- 3874793
TI  - [Reevaluation of recalled infants by neonatal mass screening for congenital
      adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Diagnostic value of
      pregnanetriolone in a single urine specimen using glass capillary gas
      chromatography].
AB  - To establish a detailed reevaluation system for infants who were recalled by a
      neonatal mass screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21
      hydroxylase deficiency, pregnanetriol (PT) and pregnanetriolone (PTL) in a single
      urine specimen combined with plasma 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and 21
      deoxycortisol (21-DOF) were determined by a simple method using glass capillary
      gas chromatography. A pilot study of neonatal mass screening for CAH with a
      determination of "disc 17-OHP" value in dried blood on filter paper was carried
      out in Western Shizuoka Prefecture. During the study period (32 months), 37472
      neonates were determined by mass screening, and 362 neonates proved to be
      abnormal candidates who needed further evaluations. From out of these candidates,
      262 neonates responded with recall and were studied. Amongst these 262 neonates,
      241 neonates visited directly our outpatient clinic at Hamamatsu University
      Hospital. The reevaluation conducted at our clinic included a physical
      examination, detailed family history, measurement of serum electrolytes, disc 17
      OHP, plasma 17-OHP and 21-DOF values, and PT and PTL in a single urine specimen.
      Consequently, 3 neonates appeared to be patients with CAH. Two of them were the
      salt-losing type and the other was the simple virilizing type. The rest of the
      candidates who received reevaluation were finally decided to be healthy neonates,
      indicating false positivity by mass screening. Compared to the candidates who
      showed false positivity in the mass screening, the CAH patients had an apparently
      high urinary PT and PTL titer of ten or one hundred fold. Additionally, despite
      corticosteroid treatment in one case, significantly elevated levels of PT and PTL
      were detected. To assay PTL was a more reliable parameter for the detection of
      CAH and for following up the candidates because PTL was not detectable in 63.3%
      of the false positive cases, suggesting that PTL was less likely to indicate
      false positive cases. PTL was detected at more than 0.01 microgram/ml urine in
      19.4% of false positive cases, however, no case showed further elevation of PTL
      during the follow up period. In all false positive cases, PTL was not detectable
      until the age of six months. Despite problems to be resolved, determination of
      urinary PTL titer is valuable for the detection of CAH patients. In addition,
      urinary PTL could be a good parameter for the further follow up of false positive
      cases in neonatal mass screening.

PMID- 3874794
TI  - Amphibian lymphokines: 1. Leucocyte chemotactic factors produced by amphibian
      spleen cells following antigenic and mitogenic challenge in vitro.
AB  - The production of soluble chemotactic factors by Rana temporaria leucocytes
      following in vitro stimulation with antigen or mitogen was examined. Stimulated
      spleen cells were found to produce a soluble factor with a molecular weight (MW)
      of between 16,000-27,000 daltons which was chemotactic for Rana peritoneal cells.
      Rana peritoneal cells also showed directional movement towards solutions of
      casein, which is a potent chemo-attractant for mammalian lymphoid cells.

PMID- 3874795
TI  - Distribution and ontogeny of B cells in the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor.
AB  - Surface immunoglobulin bearing (sIg+) cells were identified in the lizard Calotes
      versicolor by immunofluorescence using a polyvalent antiserum to lizard
      immunoglobulins and class-specific antibodies to lizard IgM and IgY. 53.3 +/-
      1.6% of spleen cells, 23.6 +/- 0.8% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, 21.5
      +/- 1.8% of bone marrow mononuclear cells and less than 1% of thymus cells were
      found to bear immunoglobulin (Ig) on their surface. A similar proportion of cells
      in each tissue was stained with rabbit anti-lizard mu (specific for IgM) whereas
      only a small proportion of cells were stained with rabbit anti-lizard (specific
      for IgY). Adult thymectomy significantly increased the proportion of sIgM+ cells
      in spleen and blood whereas high dose cyclophosphamide (300mg/kg body weight)
      decreased the proportion of sIgM+ cells thus suggesting that sIg+ cells in the
      lizard are of B cell lineage as in higher vertebrates. Ontogenetic studies
      indicate that embryonic liver is an organ enriched for sIgM+ cells at certain
      stages of development and thus suggest liver to be a site for differentiation of
      sIg+ cells in lizard embryos.

PMID- 3874796
TI  - Modern aspects in anterior segment surgery.

PMID- 3874797
TI  - Aspiration of ectopia lentis.

PMID- 3874798
TI  - Surgery in (sub-) luxated lenses in adults.

PMID- 3874799
TI  - Inhibition of cell proliferation by polyamines does not depend on the
      cytotoxicity of acrolein.

PMID- 3874800
TI  - A critical look at vestibular dysfunction in learning-disabled children.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the vestibular dysfunction
      hypothesis in learning disabilities. The data indicated that there was no
      significant difference in vestibular function between normal and learning
      disabled children; that there was no significant correlation between vestibular
      function and academic achievement; and that there was no significant educational
      relevance in categorizing learning-disabled children according to vestibular
      dimensions.

PMID- 3874801
TI  - Recording motor defects of children with cerebral palsy.

PMID- 3874802
TI  - Murine fetal colon in vitro: assays for growth factors.
AB  - The growth of murine fetal colon was examined in two tissue-culture systems: an
      organ-culture assay and a modified Hamburger assay for the production of cell
      colonies in a semi-solid medium. The organ-culture system was found to support
      the normal development of the intact colon for several weeks, but epithelium
      separated from mesenchyme produced terminal squamous differentiation within 1
      week. Gastrin analogues permitted continued growth of the epithelium, but
      produced a maturation arrest which was reversible by the removal of the hormone
      and after prolonged culture. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) produced some
      mesenchymal proliferation but, as with the other reagents tested, had no effect
      on the epithelium in organ culture. Analogues of gastrin produced enhanced colony
      formation in cells from fetal colon and neonatal colon obtained up to 2 weeks
      post-partum, but had no effect on adult colon. No enhanced colony formation was
      seen with EGF, oestrogen, dexamethasone, indomethacin, progesterone, prolactin
      and testosterone. Mouse fetal colon in organ culture can be a useful model for
      screening possible trophic factors for the colon in a qualitative way, while the
      colony-assay system can be used to provide quantitative results.

PMID- 3874803
TI  - Endoscopic bipolar electrocoagulation in massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
AB  - We have reviewed 50 cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding treated by
      endoscopic bipolar electrocoagulation (BPEC) and assessed its value in the
      management of massive bleeding. Initial hemostasis was achieved in 94% of cases
      with an overall rebleeding rate of 19.1%. The rebleeding rate was high among
      patients requiring blood transfusions more than 2,000 ml (47.3%) and those with
      acute gastric mucosal lesion (AGML) (35.3%). In AGML one or two primary sites of
      bleeding can be effectively controlled initially, but rebleeding tends to occur
      from other sites. Mortality from the direct effects of bleeding was also high in
      massive bleeders (33.3%) and those with AGML (22.2%); the overall mortality,
      including deaths from ongoing underlying diseases, was 38%. Although BPEC failed
      to alter the fatal outcome of patients with massive acute mucosal bleeding,
      permanent or temporary hemostasis contributed to reducing the amount of blood
      transfusions, avoiding emergency operation, preventing rapid deterioration and
      prolonging the survival time. Endoscopic BPEC has proven to be an effective
      emergency hemostatic method in massive bleeding of the upper gastrointestinal
      tract as an alternative to surgical intervention.

PMID- 3874804
TI  - Bentiromide test for assessing pancreatic dysfunction using analysis of para
      aminobenzoic acid in plasma and urine. Studies in cystic fibrosis and Shwachman's
      syndrome.
AB  - We evaluated the bentiromide test by analyzing para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in
      plasma and urine (a) for the identification of patients with complete pancreatic
      insufficiency and (b) as an alternative to the secretin-cholecystokinin test.
      Nine control subjects, 18 patients with cystic fibrosis, and 4 patients with
      Shwachman's syndrome were studied. Based upon the secretin-cholecystokinin test,
      pancreatic function was judged to be less than 0.1% of normal in 7 patients with
      cystic fibrosis and malabsorption and between 0.7% and 90% of control values in
      11 patients with cystic fibrosis and 4 patients with Shwachman's syndrome without
      malabsorption. The bentiromide test was performed in two stages: first with
      bentiromide alone, then with equimolar free PABA. After ingestion of free PABA,
      the plasma profile and urinary excretion of PABA were comparable in controls,
      patients with cystic fibrosis, and patients with Shwachman's syndrome. Thirty
      minutes after oral bentiromide, plasma PABA values in patients with and without
      malabsorption were significantly lower than in the control group. From 60 to 180
      min after ingestion, plasma PABA levels in patients without malabsorption were no
      different from controls; whereas levels in patients with malabsorption were
      significantly lower than in controls and in those without malabsorption, reaching
      the highest significance at 90 min. Similar results were obtained when the
      urinary excretion of PABA was considered. Only the 90-min plasma test reliably
      detected cystic fibrosis patients with steatorrhea, however. Duodenal colipase
      output was highly correlated with both the 90-min plasma test and the urinary
      excretion of PABA, with similar results for lipase and trypsin output. Reliable
      detection of pancreatic dysfunction, nevertheless, was not obtained even with the
      plasma test, in cystic fibrosis patients with greater than 5%-10% of the mean
      normal enzyme output. In patients with Shwachman's syndrome, none of whom had
      malabsorption, the plasma and urinary test failed to detect pancreatic
      dysfunction even with enzyme output as low as 1% of normal.

PMID- 3874805
TI  - The bentiromide test: how good is it?

PMID- 3874806
TI  - [Do pregnancy proteins have prospective significance? (SP-1, HPL and PP-5)].
AB  - Concentrations of pregnancy proteins were determined in blood of 219 pregnant
      women in 20th week of gestation. Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein SP-1,
      human placental lactogen (hPL) and placental protein 5 (PP-5) were tested. In
      contrast with results of other authors there were no differences between the
      normal group of patients and those with complications during gestation, such as
      prematurity and foetal retardation. Thus measurement of blood concentration of
      proteins mentioned above in 20th week is not of prognostic relevance for
      gestation.

PMID- 3874807
TI  - [Indicators of cellular immunity in donors of antistaphylococcal plasma].

PMID- 3874808
TI  - [HLA-DR typing of frozen B lymphocytes].

PMID- 3874809
TI  - Comparative studies on the electric nature of amphibian gonadotropin.
AB  - The isoelectric focusing (IEF) profiles of pituitary gonadotropic (GTH) activity
      in six species of adult male amphibians were examined in addition to the newt and
      bullfrog. The GTH activity was measured by two radioreceptor assay (RRA) systems;
      one with Xenopus laevis testicular homogenate as the receptor preparation, and
      the other with Anolis carolinensis testicular homogenate, both employing 125I
      labeled rat FSH as the radioligand, or by a radioimmunoassay (RIA) system for
      bullfrog basic GTH (LH). The IEF profiles were classified into four groups: (1)
      Cynops pyrrhogaster pyrrhogaster, Onychodactylus japonicus, (2) X. laevis, (3)
      Rana japonica, Bufo japonicus formosus, (4) Rana nigromaculata, Hyla arborea
      japonica, Rana catesbeiana. In Onychodactylus japonicus (Group 1), Anolis RRA
      positive peaks and Xenopus RRA-positive peaks were found in almost the same
      fractions. They were in the alkaline to neutral pH region. This IEF profile was
      very similar to that of newt pituitary GTH in July when spermatogenesis was
      active. In X. laevis (Group 2), the IEF profile was similar to that of urodeles.
      However, the most alkaline peak was found at pH 9.02, which was lower than those
      of urodeles. These peaks showed some differences in the reactivity to the RRA
      systems. In R. japonica (Group 3), the major peak obtained by Xenopus RRA was
      found at pH 10.27, which corresponded to the only positive peak obtained by the
      RIA system for bullfrog basic GTH. Furthermore, this peak was also recognized by
      Anolis RRA as one of the eight peaks, which appeared in the alkaline to acidic
      region. In B. japonicus formosus (Group 3), similar results were observed. In H.
      arborea japonica, R. nigromaculata and R. catesbeiana (Group 4), Anolis RRA
      positive and Xenopus RRA-positive peaks were quite independent, indicating
      distinct separation of LH and FSH, though pIs of FSH-like GTH in the frogs were
      not so acidic as those of mammalian and avian FSH.

PMID- 3874810
TI  - The symptomatic post-surgical stomach--an endoscopic review.
AB  - 100 consecutive endoscopies in elderly patients referred with symptoms after
      previous gastric surgery are reviewed. 57% showed positive findings, and the
      procedure was found particularly useful in making definitive diagnoses in
      patients presenting with dyspepsia and upper gastro-intestinal bleeding. The
      incidence of gastric carcinoma was low, and the findings did not support routine
      repeated endoscopies in elderly patients.

PMID- 3874811
TI  - Gut associated lymphoid tissue: a morphological and immunocytochemical study of
      the human appendix.
AB  - Gut associated lymphoid tissue in 15 normal appendices has been characterised in
      tissue sections using both morphological criteria and immunocytochemical
      techniques. A panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies was used including
      antibodies to B-cells, T-cells, macrophages, HLA DR and immunoglobulins. The
      lymphoid tissue in the appendix was shown to bear a strong resemblance to that in
      lymph nodes with the exception of the region where the appendix follicles
      associate with the dome epithelium, which has no lymph node equivalent. This zone
      of cells between the lymphoid follicles and the dome epithelium termed the 'mixed
      cell zone' has been shown to contain an abundance of HLA DR-bearing cells, some
      of which have irregular nuclear morphology and resemble follicle centre cells.
      These cells were seen to extend into the epithelium of the dome but not the
      crypts. Using a monoclonal anti-B-cell antibody a population of B-cells was
      detected in the equivalent areas of mixed cell zone and epithelium and
      quantitative studies showed that these intraepithelial B-cells comprised
      approximately 4-5% of the cells in the epithelium. The mixed cell zone was also
      seen to contain T-cells, S-100 protein-containing macrophages and occasional
      lysozyme-containing macrophages. Plasma cells were rarely seen in this area.

PMID- 3874812
TI  - Multilobated B cell lymphomas. A study of 7 cases.
AB  - Seven cases of multilobated lymphomas with B cell surface markers are presented.
      Clinical, histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features are
      detailed. These observations serve to underscore the importance of not relying on
      morphology alone for the phenotypic classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

PMID- 3874813
TI  - Acute leukemias of childhood: pathologic features.
AB  - Major advances have been made in the diagnosis and therapy of childhood leukemia
      over the last two decades (Zuelzer and Flatz, 1960; Miller, 1980; Steinhorn and
      Myers, 1981; Kobrinsky et al., 1980). Sophisticated phenotypic analysis of these
      leukemias has partially revealed their complexity; there are at least three to
      five distinct clinical pathological entities in the childhood leukemia groups.
      Improved therapy has resulted in marked increases in survival and cures. Less
      attention has been given to the pathology of childhood leukemia, although the
      frequency and complexity of tissue examinations have greatly increased. In
      particular, the pathologic manifestation of relapses, detection of focal leukemia
      after treatment and the pathology of complications have not been systematically
      reviewed. Our goal was to look at all of the pathologic manifestations of
      leukemia and to relate these manifestations to homogeneous patient populations
      grouped by their type of leukemia. Therefore all of the cytologic, hematologic,
      histopathologic, ultrastructural and immunologic materials on a consecutive group
      of leukemic children seen at Vanderbilt from 1970 to 1981 were reviewed;
      pathologic manifestations of leukemia were then analysed in relationship to
      diagnostic categories.

PMID- 3874814
TI  - Gc (vitamin D binding protein) subtypes in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Two hundred and six patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined for their
      association with the subtypes of Gc (vitamin D binding protein). In patient
      groups there is 11% excess of individuals with Gc*2 allele compared to the
      control group, giving a relative risk of 1.55. This risk increases with the
      humoral status of the individual. A possible physiological basis between the
      association of vitamin D binding protein and rheumatoid arthritis is discussed.

PMID- 3874815
TI  - A new alpha 1-antitrypsin allele PI Poki: isoelectric focusing with immobilized
      pH gradients as a tool for identification for PI variants.
AB  - A new rare genetic variant PI Poki in the protease inhibitor system found in two
      Japanese subjects, was compared with some PI P variants using several
      electrophoresis systems. Although this variant was slightly anodal to P by
      separator isoelectric focusing, it could be readily distinguished by isoelectric
      focusing with immobilized pH gradients: the mobility of Poki became cathodal to
      P. This method proved to be a powerful tool for identification of PI variants.

PMID- 3874816
TI  - The infantile form of sialidosis type II associated with congenital adrenal
      hyperplasia: possible linkage between HLA and the neuraminidase deficiency gene.
AB  - The possible genetic linkage between HLA and neuraminidase deficiency was studied
      in a female patient with combined abnormalities of the infantile form of
      sialidosis type II and congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase
      deficiency, and six members of her family. Her parents were consanguineous. The
      patient has the homozygous HLA haplotypes, TS-1, Cw3, DRw9. Four of the tested
      family members, including a distant male relative with congenital adrenal
      hyperplasia, were heterozygous of this HLA complex, and the neuraminidase
      activities in their skin fibroblasts and/or lymphocytes showed values between
      those of the patient and controls (25-48%), suggesting a carrier state of
      sialidosis. This indicates that the neuraminidase deficiency gene, similar to the
      21-hydroxylase deficiency gene, is closely linked to the HLA genotype and is
      located on chromosome 6.

PMID- 3874817
TI  - Influence of age on the production and regulation of interleukin-1 in mice.
AB  - The decrease in T-cell proliferation with age is due, in part, to the decline in
      the production of IL-2. Since IL-1 is needed to trigger IL-2 production, we
      determined the IL-1 producing capacity of peritoneal macrophages of young (2-4
      months) and old (24-26 months) BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Mice were stimulated with
      LPS, and their peritoneal macrophages were obtained 3 days later, purified, and
      assessed for IL-1 production by coculturing them with splenic T cells at a ratio
      of 1:5 in the presence of LPS. Supernatants were obtained 4 days later when the
      PGE2 and IL-2 activities were minimal and IL-1 activity maximal. IL-1 activity
      was assessed for their ability to augment the proliferative activity of indicator
      thymocytes in their response to PHA stimulation. The results revealed that (i) IL
      1 production by cells of old BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice is reduced to about 40% and
      30% that of young mice, respectively; (ii) indomethacin enhances IL-1 production
      by cells of both young and old mice to the same extent; and (iii) reduction in
      the IL-1 producing capacity by cells of old mice results from altered activities
      of both the IL-1 producing peritoneal macrophages and the augmenting T cells.

PMID- 3874818
TI  - Lymphocyte chemotaxis in inflammation. X. Heterogeneity of chemotactic
      responsiveness in human T subsets towards lymphocyte chemotactic factors from
      delayed hypersensitivity reaction site.
AB  - In previous studies, four lymphocyte chemotactic factors (LCF-a, -b, -c and -d)
      were isolated from delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin reaction sites of
      guinea-pig. In tests on guinea-pig lymphocytes, LCF-a attracted B cells, whereas
      LCF-b, -c and -d attracted T cells. We now report the chemotactic responses of
      human lymphocytes to the guinea-pig LCFs. LCF-a strongly attracted B lymphocytes
      and weakly attracted T lymphocytes, whereas LCF-b, -c and -d predominantly
      attracted T lymphocytes. In tests on T-lymphocyte subsets, LCF-b and -d
      selectively attracted OKT4 subsets and theophylline-resistant T cells with helper
      phenotype. In contrast, LCF-c attracted OKT4 and OKT8 subsets, and both
      theophylline-resistant and sensitive subsets (i.e. cells with both helper and
      suppressor phenotype). The results indicate that the different T-cell subsets
      migrate selectively into sites of inflammation.

PMID- 3874819
TI  - Cell surface antigens on the guinea-pig macrophage: identification by monoclonal
      antibodies and association with the activation state.
AB  - Ten monoclonal antibodies (moAb) directed against cell surface antigens of guinea
      pig monocytes and macrophages (mph) were produced and characterized. The
      corresponding antigens are not present on granulocytes, T lymphocytes, an Ia
      positive B-cell line or other haematopoietic cells. In binding or cytotoxicity
      assays, the moAb demonstrated characteristics patterns of reactivity, with mph
      being in different stages of differentiation or activation. Three moAb (342, 322,
      249) recognized 'lineage antigens' (i.e. antigens continuously expressed during
      maturation of monocytes to mph and after stimulation or activation of the cells).
      MoAb 342 possibly defines a major cell surface determinant, being present on 90%
      of mph. The antigens detected by moAb 305, 320, 321 and 344 characterize mature
      mph. They were not expressed on monocytes, but were expressed on the majority of
      resident, elicited or activated peritoneal mph. MoAb 253, 310 or 257 defined
      discrete subpopulations of elicited and--with the exception of moAb 257-
      activated mph. The corresponding antigens were not present on monocytes or
      resident mph, but appeared on the cell surface during in vivo or in vitro
      stimulation of the cells. There was no indication of a contribution of the moAb
      defined antigens to the presentation of antigen, mitogen or alloantigen by the
      mph to T cells. The functional significance of the antigens thus remains to be
      elucidated. Our studies indicate that cells committed to the monocyte/mph lineage
      share a family of differentiation antigens, distinguishing them from other cell
      lines. The moAb provide useful tools for further investigation of the activation
      of mph and allow the rapid detection of mph in different tissues.

PMID- 3874820
TI  - Cellular immune response in rnu/rnu rats. I. Lectin responsiveness and IL-2
      production kinetics of natural cytotoxicity and spleen-cell surface marker
      expression.
AB  - Several functional parameters and surface markers were studied serially in
      rnu/rnu rats and compared to rnu/+ controls. Expressed as a percentage of
      labelled splenocytes, rnu/rnu animals had decreased W3/13 (P less than 0.01) and
      W3/25 (P less than 0.01) positive cells. Both W3/13 and W3/25 antigens peaked at
      Week 16 in rnu/rnu, but were still increasing after this date in rnu/+. In
      contrast, OX8 surface antigens were not significantly decreased at Week 19.
      However, if the low cell yield from rnu/rnu animals is taken into account, the
      expression of all studied surface markers was sharply decreased. Rnu/rnu
      splenocytes were almost totally unresponsive to either Con A or PHA stimulation,
      and were unable to produce significant amounts of IL-2 upon such stimulation.
      Moreover, the addition of exogenous semi-purified rat IL-2 could not restore
      lectin responsiveness. Natural cytotoxic activity of fresh splenocytes was
      studied against the NK-sensitive L 12.10 and MOLT-4 targets, normal cells after
      PHA stimulation and P 815 or Chang NK-resistant target cells. Rnu/rnu splenocytes
      exhibited a high level of natural cytotoxicity which peaked at Week 19 (four-fold
      higher than rnu/+ counterparts). Interestingly, NK-resistant and normal (LEW) PHA
      blasts were also highly and efficiently lysed by rnu/rnu splenocytes, whereas
      rnu/+control exhibited only border line cytotoxicity. In contrast, rnu/rnu
      splenocytes cultured with IL-2 and allogeneic stimulation (both conditions being
      required to have enough rnu/rnu cultured cells for test) led to a dramatic drop
      in NK lysis, as compared to rnu/+ which retained a NK cytotoxicity level similar
      to that of fresh cells.

PMID- 3874821
TI  - Cytotoxic T-cell response to H-Y antigen by B6.C-H-2bm12 and B10.BR mice.
AB  - Cytotoxic T-cell response to the male-specific histocompatibility antigen (H-Y)
      is often used as an experimental model for studying the genetic control of the
      immune response. This anti-H-Y response is shown to be a complex one, with
      multicellular interactions involving genes of the H-2 complex, and also some
      genes unlinked to H-2. For the analysis of the genetic control of the anti-H-Y
      immune response, different inbred strains have been used and classified
      accordingly as responders or non-responders. During the authors' studies of the
      genetic control of the immune response, some of the strains described as non
      responders were found to behave as responders, namely strains B6.C-H-2bm12 and
      B10.BR. This finding has added to the intricacy of current data on the genetic
      control of immune response to H-Y antigen.

PMID- 3874823
TI  - Genetic control of mitogen-induced B-cell hyperproliferation in SM/J mice.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that B cells from SM/J mice exhibit
      hyperproliferative responsiveness to several bacterial-derived B-cell mitogens.
      This hyperresponse trait was found to be under autosomal, polygenic control by
      non-H-2 genes. We have now estimated the number of genes involved by statistical
      analysis of the proliferative responses of splenocytes from SM/J and low
      responder C57BL/6J strains, and progeny from the (B6 X SM)F1, F2 and (F1 X B6)
      crosses. The number of loci involved was ascertained using two different
      statistical approaches. An estimate of two loci was determined using chi-squared
      statistics. The second approach, based on an additive model in the natural log
      scale, also pointed to a lower bound of two genes. We conclude that the
      hyperresponse to B-cell mitogens in SM/J mice is determined by two autosomal
      genes which are not linked to the H-2 major histocompatibility complex.

PMID- 3874822
TI  - Immunological studies of ageing. X. Impaired T lymphocytes and normal monocyte
      response from elderly humans to the mitogenic antibodies OKT3 and Leu 4.
AB  - Lymphocytes from old and young humans were cultured with PHA or the monoclonal
      antibodies OKT3 or Leu 4. The incorporation of [3H]TdR was significantly lower in
      cultures from old as compared to young donors, and the response of lymphocytes
      stimulated with OKT3 was the best discriminator of donor age. The mitogenic
      response of lymphocytes to these monoclonal antibodies requires monocytes. The
      response of T cells containing less than 5% adherent cells was diminished and the
      difference between old and young donors was not seen. The age-associated response
      was recovered when autologous or allogeneic monocytes were added to T cells. The
      age-associated response of T cells was the same, whether cultured with monocytes
      from young or old donors. Thus, monocytes from elderly subjects are not impaired
      with respect to their capacity to facilitate the proliferative response of T
      cells stimulated with monoclonal antibodies. Although lymphocytes from elderly
      donors were more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of prostaglandin E2, this did
      not account for the age-associated defect as indomethacin did not eliminate this
      defect. We conclude that the proliferative response of lymphocytes to OKT3 and
      Leu 4 is a more sensitive discriminator of lymphocyte donor age than is response
      to plant lectins, and that the age-associated defect in this response appears to
      reside within the T-cell population and not the monocyte population.

PMID- 3874824
TI  - Angiodysplasia of the left colon.

PMID- 3874825
TI  - Gardnerella vaginalis & associated aerobic bacteria in nonspecific vaginitis.

PMID- 3874826
TI  - Effect of black pepper & asafoetida on the DNA content of gastric aspirates.

PMID- 3874827
TI  - Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis in children as a relatively immune competent
      state.

PMID- 3874828
TI  - Isotype commitment of B cells and dissemination of the primed state after mucosal
      stimulation with Mycoplasma pulmonis.
AB  - Live Mycoplasma pulmonis organisms were used to examine the immune response in
      the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue after primary and secondary challenge
      with M. pulmonis, to study the dissemination of the primed state to distal
      tissues (i.e., spleen, peripheral blood, and Peyer's patches), and to determine
      whether the chronic antigenic stimulation accompanying infection influences the
      isotype potential and commitment of the primed B cells recovered from the various
      tissues. We have shown that exposure to M. pulmonis by a variety of routes
      results in a generalized rise in frequency of T-dependent, antigen-sensitive B
      cells in all lymphoid tissues. The route of secondary exposure to M. pulmonis was
      found to markedly increase the frequency of M. pulmonis-specific B cells in the
      bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue relative to that in the Peyer's patches after
      intraduodenal but not intratracheal challenge. A substantial rise in the number
      of M. pulmonis-sensitive B cells in the peripheral blood suggests that the
      dissemination of the primed state, at least in part, is due to B-cell migration
      via lymph and blood from local sites exposed to M. pulmonis. The majority of T
      dependent clones generated by M. pulmonis-specific B cells secrete exclusively
      immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1). We have demonstrated that the exaggerated IgG1 response
      was not due to the accompanying viable donor T cells in the inoculum. The
      predominance of IgG1 was also demonstrated in clones from the bronchus-associated
      lymphoid tissue of athymic BALB/c mice that were primed with M. pulmonis. Thus,
      we can infer that functional T cells are not required for the development of
      specific B cells with the potential for IgG1 expression at the time of in vivo
      priming. When anti-trinitrophenyl- and anti-M. pulmonis-specific clones were
      generated in the same splenic fragment cultures stimulated by trinitrophenylated
      M. pulmonis, only the M. pulmonis-specific clones showed exaggerated IgG1
      expression. Therefore, we conclude that the exaggerated IgG1 response
      accompanying M. pulmonis infection of euthymic mice seems to be dependent, at
      least in part, on an intrinsic property of the B cells that develop during this
      antigenic stimulation.

PMID- 3874829
TI  - Effects of corticosteroid and 1,24R-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 administration on
      lymphoproliferation and autoimmune disease in MRL/MP-lpr/lpr mice.
AB  - The pharmacological effects of prolonged administration of a corticosteroid,
      betamethasone, and active vitamin D3 [1,24R-(OH)2D3] on lymphoproliferation and
      autoimmune disease of MRL/MP-lpr/lpr (MRL/1) mice were examined. Relatively high
      doses of betamethasone (0.25 mg/kg/day) prevented lymphoproliferation, reduced
      serum levels of anti-dsDNA, anti-ssDNA, and anti-poly (ADP-ribose) antibodies,
      and brought about clinical improvement, such as reduced proteinuria and
      diminution of skin lesions. It is noteworthy that not only did prevention of
      lymphoproliferation occur, but also recovery of the Lyt-2+ T cell subset in the
      thymus and the spleen was observed. The administration of 1,24R-(OH)2D3 (0.1
      microgram/kg/day) similarly prevented proteinuria, and produced recovery of a Lyt
      2+ subset in the thymus.

PMID- 3874830
TI  - Suppression of T lymphocyte mitogen response in patients with mastocytosis.
AB  - Immunological functions were studied in 22 patients with mastocytosis. Lymphocyte
      stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin showed that the
      patients responded with lower mitogenic activity than healthy controls.
      Furthermore, the lymphocytes of patients with the most extensive mast cell
      disease had a significantly lower Con A mitogen response than the lymphocytes of
      the rest of the patients. The effect of histamine and its specific metabolites,
      tele-methylhistamine and tele-methylimidazoleacetic acid (MeImAA), on the Con A
      lymphocyte mitogen response was also studied in healthy controls. Histamine had a
      clear suppressive effect, while the metabolite tele-methylhistamine caused only
      slight inhibition and MeImAA apparently had no effect. The total T cell,
      suppressor and helper cell numbers, measured with monoclonal antibodies, and the
      amount of immunoglobulins in serum were found to be normal.

PMID- 3874831
TI  - Stimulating effect of gold trichloride on DNA synthesis of human lymphoid cells.
AB  - The effect of gold trichloride on DNA synthesis of human thymocytes and
      peripheral blood lymphocytes was tested. A stimulation was obtained in both cell
      types with a concentration of 6-50 micrograms/ml. Gold trichloride may thus not
      be used in a lymphocyte transformation test for the diagnosis of contact allergy.

PMID- 3874832
TI  - Stimulating effect of zinc chloride on DNA synthesis of human thymocytes.
AB  - Different concentrations of zinc chloride were tested regarding their effect on
      DNA synthesis of human thymocytes. A concentration of 1.8 X 10(-4) M resulted in
      an evident stimulation, while the highest concentration tested, 3.6 X 10(-4) M,
      inhibited the DNA synthesis.

PMID- 3874833
TI  - Preparation of 11C-labelled Raclopride, a new potent dopamine receptor
      antagonist: preliminary PET studies of cerebral dopamine receptors in the monkey.
AB  - A new dopamine receptor antagonist, Raclopride (S-(-)-3,5-dichloro-N-[(1-ethyl-2
      pyrrolidinyl)]methyl-2-hydroxy- 6-methoxybenzamide, FLA 870) (1), has been
      labelled using [11C]ethyl iodide for alkylation of the nitrogen of the
      pyrrolidine ring in the corresponding secondary amine (5). The synthesis of 5 and
      an efficient method for the preparation of [11C]ethyl iodide are described. The
      11C-labelled FLA 870 (1) was purified by HPLC and then used in positron emission
      tomography to visualize the dopamine receptor-rich areas of the monkey brain. The
      images obtained show selective accumulation of FLA 870 in striatum and a 10-fold
      separation between the binding to caudate vs cerebellum.

PMID- 3874834
TI  - The preparation of carbon-11 labelled proline for positron emission tomography.
      Preliminary distribution studies in rats with Walker 256 carcinosarcoma.
AB  - DL-[1-11C]Proline has been synthesized by carboxylation of alpha-lithiopyrrolidyl
      N-tert-butyl-formamidine with a radiochemical yield of up to 18% without
      correction for decay. The total synthesis time is 45 min. Accumulation of DL-[1
      11C]proline has been shown in Walker 256 carcinosarcoma transplanted in rats. A
      tumor/non-tumor ratio of 5.9 was found at 45 min after i.v. injection.

PMID- 3874835
TI  - Characterization of human tumor necrosis factor produced by peripheral blood
      monocytes and its separation from lymphotoxin.
AB  - Cultures of human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) induced with
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and the phorbol ester 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13
      acetate (TPA) produced two types of cytotoxic proteins, indistinguishable in the
      in vitro assay employing murine L 929 cells as targets. One of these proteins had
      the antigenic and physicochemical properties of lymphotoxin (LT). We have
      identified the other cytotoxin as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), mainly on the
      basis of antigenic cross-reactivity demonstrated with antiserum to TNF, and also
      by its characteristic physicochemical properties and cell source. Unlike LT, PBL
      derived TNF did not bind to Concanavalin A-Sepharose or to several other
      agglutinin-Sepharose columns specific for carbohydrate moieties common in
      glycoproteins. The molecular weight of native TNF determined by gel filtration
      was approximately 40,000 while SDS-PAGE revealed a single sharp peak of 16,500 +/
      500. When cultures of monocytes and lymphocytes separated by elutriation were
      stimulated with PHA and/or TPA, monocytes were the major source of TNF. In
      contrast, only lymphocytes produced LT. A mixture of antisera to TNF and LF
      neutralized all cytotoxicity of crude human lymphokine preparations for L 929
      cells, suggesting that TNF and LT are either the only, or the major, cytotoxic
      proteins present in such crude lymphokine preparations demonstrable in this
      assay.

PMID- 3874836
TI  - Distribution of congenital heart malformations in an autopsied child population.
AB  - All stillborn and all deceased children were autopsied during a 27-year period in
      a given territory with some 1,220,000 inhabitants. Of the 3969 stillborn
      children, 81 (2.1%) had a congenital heart malformation. Out of the 470,188
      liveborn children, 13,629 died before the age of 15 years. Autopsy demonstrated a
      heart malformation in 1008 (0.21%) of these liveborn children. Thus, with 1089
      cases found in the combined stillborn and liveborn and later deceased children,
      congenital heart malformation was found in 6.2% of all autopsied children. This
      represented 7.4% of the total mortality of liveborn children and 41.4% of all
      congenital malformation discovered in the deceased children. In total, 2257
      congenital heart lesions were identified with a mean of 2.1 lesions per child.
      The lesions were classified in 37 categories of heart malformation. The most
      common malformation was ventricular septal defect, followed by hypoplastic left
      ventricle and complete transposition. The most frequent heart lesion was also
      ventricular septal defect followed by patency of the arterial duct. The frequency
      of the different heart malformations in stillborns differed from that in the
      liveborn children. The ratio of boys and girls in the overall series was 1.28:1,
      with pronounced differences in sex distribution being observed in some
      malformations.

PMID- 3874837
TI  - Monitoring rural-urban drug trends: an analysis of drug arrest statistics 1976
      1980.
AB  - Recent research on urban drug use indicates that the alarming upward trend
      identified during the late 1960s and early 1970s is stabilizing. However, there
      is disagreement concerning whether the same pattern holds for rural populations.
      Early research reported low rates of drug use in nonmetropolitan areas. More
      recent research findings indicate that drug use in rural areas is much higher
      than originally thought. This discrepancy results, in part, from our inability to
      effectively monitor drug use in high-risk groups over time. One effective way of
      monitoring drug use trends is through the examination of drug arrest statistics
      by means of time series techniques. This analysis of urban drug arrests confirms
      that use is leveling off in such areas. No increase was found for the rural
      population over the 5-year period, however. Rather than finding a difference, it
      was found that rural-urban drug trends are quite similar.

PMID- 3874838
TI  - A study of caffeine consumption and symptoms; indigestion, palpitations, tremor,
      headache and insomnia.
AB  - In a cross-sectional study of 4558 Australians, it was found that the proportion
      of subjects reporting indigestion, palpitations, tremor, headache and insomnia
      increased significantly with mean caffeine intake. A multiple logistic regression
      model was used to show that the association between the prevalence of these
      symptoms and usual daily caffeine consumption remained significant in both males
      and females for palpitations, tremor, headache and insomnia after controlling for
      the potential confounding factors of age, adiposity, smoking, alcohol intake and
      occupation. Adiposity was strongly correlated with the prevalence of indigestion
      and the apparent association between caffeine and indigestion disappeared when
      adiposity was controlled for. According to the logistic model, the relative risk
      of experiencing symptoms for people consuming 240 mg of caffeine (approximately 4
      5 cups of coffee or tea) per day (the population average) compared with caffeine
      abstainers is 1.6 for palpitations, 1.3 for tremor, 1.3 for headache, and 1.4 for
      insomnia in males and 1.7, 1.5, 1.2 and 1.4 respectively for females. Further
      logistic regression analysis indicated that the associations found between
      caffeine intake and symptoms did not depend on the source of caffeine. In
      general, coffee consumption has no significant effect over and above that
      attributable to its caffeine content. If these associations are causal, then
      approximately one quarter of the reported prevalence of palpitations, tremor,
      headache and insomnia is attributable to caffeine consumption in this study
      population.

PMID- 3874839
TI  - Trends in childhood tuberculosis in Hungary 1953-1983: quantitative methods for
      evaluation of BCG policy.
AB  - To analyse the effectiveness of the BCG policy on childhood tuberculosis in
      Hungary, the following three quantitative methods have been organized and
      systematically applied since 1959; regression analysis with multiple comparison
      of the incidence trends of age groups; stepwise regression analysis to select the
      strongest childhood incidence decrease factor; and a log-linear model to compare
      the risk of disease in vaccinated and non-vaccinated children. The increasing BCG
      coverage of children as a specific antituberculous measure (i) has decreased the
      childhood incidence (23-32% per year) 3-4 times more rapidly than the adult
      incidence (6-16% per year) as shown by the regression analysis, (ii) has acted as
      the strongest incidence decrease effect among other factors and (iii) has
      protected the vaccinated children 2.8 times better than the non-vaccinated ones.
      The use of valid and exact models, from statistical inferences ensure the
      objective interpretation of the epidemiological events in tuberculosis.

PMID- 3874840
TI  - Factors influencing anatomic location of fat tissue in 52,953 women.
AB  - Data from a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study of women was undertaken to
      determine factors associated with the anatomic distribution of body fat. The
      women studied were members of TOPS, Inc. (Take Off Pounds Sensibly), a non-profit
      organization dedicated to weight reduction. Recent evidence suggests that
      anatomic location of body fat has prognostic significance for some chronic
      conditions. The simple ratio of waist girth to hip girth can be used to estimate
      the location of body fat. Using this ratio as an index we found that increased
      age and higher body weight were significantly associated with greater fat
      deposition in the waist areas as compared to the hip areas. The effects of age
      and current obesity level were independent and could not be accounted for on the
      basis of parity, menopausal status, or obesity history. Furthermore, though
      obesity history and parity were significantly associated with the waist-hip
      ratio, they were relatively unimportant, together explaining less than one
      percent of the observed variation in the ratio. No association could be found
      between body fat distribution and menopausal status. Our findings do not support
      previous work which suggested that menopausal status and obesity history were
      important determinants of body fat location.

PMID- 3874841
TI  - Heat-shock induction of radiation resistance in primordial germ cells of the fish
      Oryzias latipes.
AB  - The effects of heat on the radiosensitivity of primordial germ cells at the
      quiescent stage in the fish Oryzias latipes were studied. The results show: (1)
      heat preceding but not following irradiation induced radioresistance which was
      reflected by improved survival; (2) its magnitude was a function of the heating
      time before irradiation; (3) improved germ-cell survival did not change with time
      for up to at least 4 hours after heat treatment at 41 degrees C for 30 min; (4)
      this resistance was more prominently expressed in the subsequent course of
      proliferation of female germ cells than in the non-proliferating male germ cells.
      In conclusion, heat induced radiation resistance in primordial germ cells of the
      female at the quiescent stage; this probably allows the cells subsequently to
      escape reproductive death.

PMID- 3874842
TI  - Glutathione requirement for the rejoining of radiation-induced DNA breaks in
      misonidazole-treated cells.
AB  - The role of glutathione (GSH) in the rejoining of radiation-induced single-strand
      DNA breaks (ssb) was studied in human fibroblast cultures sensitized to radiation
      by a 30 min treatment with 1 mM misonidazole (MISO). Hypoxically irradiated
      cells, deficient in GSH, either inherently, or due to a 16 h incubation with 1 mM
      buthionine sulphoximine (BSO), rejoined the breaks after MISO treatment at a
      lower rate and to a lesser extent than did GSH-proficient cells. Without MISO
      treatment, the hypoxically induced ssb were rejoined in the GSH-deficient cells
      as effectively as in the proficient cells. It is concluded that a large
      proportion of the breaks which arise after hypoxic irradiation in the presence of
      MISO are of a different type to those which arise in the absence of the drug, and
      require a particular GSH-dependent, enzymatic repair system. This requirement for
      rejoining in hypoxically irradiated, MISO-treated cells is similar to that seen
      earlier in MISO-untreated, oxically irradiated cells, and suggests that the ssb
      induced by radiation in the presence of MISO or oxygen are of a similar nature.

PMID- 3874844
TI  - The influence of pre-treatment temperature on the thermal sensitivity of a mouse
      tumour.
AB  - The response of tumours to hyperthermia was tested by giving graded heat
      treatments and assessing local control at 90 days. Mice were divided into three
      groups which were pre-treated for 3 days in ambient temperatures of 4, 21 or 35
      degrees C. This enabled the mean tumour resting temperature to be varied by up to
      11 degrees C, before subsequent heat treatment. For the heat treatments, the
      tumours were clamped in order to eliminate blood flow, resulting in uniform
      temperature distributions and hence more uniform thermal sensitivity. TCD50
      values were used to construct Arrhenius plots. For all three pre-treatment
      temperatures, these plots demonstrated a factor of 1.6 increase in heating time
      per degree Celsius reduction in heating temperature. However, tumours kept in a 4
      degrees C environment before treatment were more thermally sensitive than those
      kept in 21 degrees C conditions, while those in a 35 degrees C environment were
      more resistant. Pretreatment at 4 degrees C was equivalent to an increase of
      either 0.5 degree C in heating temperature or 28 per cent in heating time,
      compared with pre-treatment at 21 degrees C. Pre-treatment at 35 degrees C was
      equivalent to a reduction of either 0.6 degree C in heating temperature or 25 per
      cent in heating time. These data indicate that the pre-treatment tumour
      temperature is an important parameter, but the effect of heat treatment is more
      closely related to absolute heating temperature rather than to the increase in
      temperature above the normal resting level.

PMID- 3874843
TI  - Radiosensitizing and cytotoxic properties of misonidazole on glutathione
      synthetase deficient human fibroblasts.
AB  - The cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effects of misonidazole have been studied on
      glutathione synthetase deficient fibroblasts and on their controls. At any
      concentration from 0.1 to 4 mM, deficient cells are more sensitive to the
      cytotoxic effect of misonidazole than the control cells. The differential effect
      between the two cell strain concerns both the shoulder and the slope of the
      survival curve, thus suggesting that NPSH play a role in the determination of
      misonidazole cytotoxicity. Like oxygen, misonidazole clearly sensitizes deficient
      cells to a lesser extent than control cells. For both cell strains, the maximum
      sensitizing effect of misonidazole is very close to that of oxygen (1.5 and 1.5
      for deficient cells, 2.8 and 2.9 for control cells, respectively). The
      sensitizing effect of misonidazole appears in the same concentration range for
      both cell strains, with a maximal effect at lower concentrations for deficient
      cells.

PMID- 3874845
TI  - Scavenging of OH radicals produced in the sonolysis of water.
AB  - The yield of hydrogen peroxide in the sonication of argon-saturated water was
      studied in the presence of various solutes. The efficiency of OH radical
      scavenging is expressed by the reciprocal value of C 1/2, the solute
      concentration at which the H2O2 yield is decreased by 50 per cent. C 1/2 ranges
      over several orders of magnitude. It is not related to the specific reactivity
      towards OH in homogeneous solution. However, it is correlated to the
      hydrophobicity of the solutes. The competition of I- and a second solute for OH
      was also studied. The competition between I- and HCO2- follows similar kinetics
      as in homogeneous solution. However, many other solutes compete in the manner
      which would be expected if radical scavenging occurred in different phases. The
      effects are explained in terms of OH radical formation in gaseous argon bubbles,
      combination of OH radicals to form H2O2 in an interfacial area, and enrichment of
      hydrophobic solutes in the bubbles.

PMID- 3874846
TI  - Reactions of selenium dioxide free radicals with amino acids and enzymes.
AB  - Pulse radiolysis of selenium dioxide in aqueous solution has shown the presence
      of three selenite radicals in acid-base equilibrium within well defined pH
      ranges: (formula; see text) The selenite radicals react selectively with amino
      acids, preferentially with the aromatic ones in the order tryptophan greater than
      tyrosine greater than histidine, independently of the acid-base structure of the
      radical. Kinetic and spectroscopic data on the reaction of selenite radicals with
      some proteins and parallel inactivation studies generally reflect knowledge on
      the amino acid residues mainly involved in the radical attack. The investigations
      at different pH values on the reactivity of selenite radicals with amino acids
      and proteins and on the transient spectra of the reaction products exhibit
      different behaviour for the various acid-base structures of the selenite
      radicals, reflecting the influence of particular ionizable groups in the reacting
      molecules and the structure modifications at the level of proteins.

PMID- 3874847
TI  - Effect of neon ions on synchronized Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - The variation in radiosensitivity across the cell cycle after exposure to neon
      ions and 60Co gamma-rays is reported for cultured hamster cells. The cells were
      first synchronized by mitotic selection, then resynchronized in the region of the
      G1/S boundary by treatment with 10(-3)M hydroxyurea. Although the use of
      hydroxyurea improves the synchrony, it does sensitize cells at the G1/S boundary
      to some degree. The cells were exposed at the plateau and the distal peak
      position of a neon ion beam modified by a 10 cm wide ridge filter. The results
      indicate that the variation (ratio of maximum to minimum survival after fixed
      doses of radiation that are approximately matched to produce similar cell
      killing) was approximately 80 to 100-fold for 60Co gamma-rays and neon ions at
      the plateau, and 25-fold for distal peak neon ions. While the r.b.e. of distal
      peak neon ions decreased rapidly with increasing dose for cells in late S-phase,
      the r.b.e. is independent of dose for cells at the G1/S boundary.

PMID- 3874848
TI  - High radiosensitivity of the MOLT-4 leukaemic cell line.
AB  - Radiation survival of MOLT-4, a leukaemic T-lymphocyte cell line, was measured by
      counting colonies formed in 0.8 per cent methyl cellulose. The survival curve was
      a simple exponential and showed the cells to be radiation sensitive, with D0 =
      0.49 +/- 0.02 Gy and extrapolation number n = 0.92 +/- 0.09. No increase in
      survival as measured by colony-forming ability or trypan blue dye exclusion was
      seen when the dose was split into two fractions, separated by a 5 h incubation
      period. Electron microscopy and trypan blue dye exclusion showed that 5 h after
      exposure to high doses, MOLT-4 cells began to die and displayed condensed,
      marginated chromatin and cellular vesiculation.

PMID- 3874849
TI  - Stapling devices in gastrointestinal surgery.
AB  - In a series of 189 patients, 197 operations (251 stapled anastomoses) were
      performed. U.S. Surgical Corporation instruments (GIA n = 156, EEA n = 36, TA n =
      59) were used in surgery of the stomach, pancreas, small and large bowel, and the
      rates of complications were investigated. The EEA gave 14% complications because
      of the frequent failure (33%) of the anastomosis after low anterior resection.
      The reasons for failure were incomplete rings, colonic wall damage and too short
      rectal stumps. The use of the EEA in esophago-jejunostomy and esophago
      gastrostomy was safe and the postoperative course uneventful. The GIA was used in
      intestinal and colonic surgery and was pleasant and quick to use (right
      hemicolectomy: 1 hour 40 minutes; sigmoid resection: 1 hour 45 minutes).
      Complications occurred in the intestine (6%) and colon (7%). Only with GIA
      stapled anastomoses was there a risk of hemorrhage (2.5%). The incidence of
      anastomotic leakage (all staplers) was 3.6%; the stapler was responsible for a
      2.0% mortality. Weighing up the indications and contraindications of stapling
      devices, this method presents an advantageous but not indispensable method in
      gastrointestinal surgery.

PMID- 3874850
TI  - Head shaking and vestibulo-ocular reflex in congenital nystagmus.
AB  - The authors investigated the mechanisms underlying the head shaking shown by some
      patients with congenital nystagmus (CN). In order to improve visual function by
      head shaking, a patient with CN must have some visual acuity loss due to retinal
      image motion created by the nystagmus; an abnormal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR);
      and the head shaking must be correlated with the nystagmus. The authors measured
      the VOR gain (eye velocity/head velocity) and examined eye-head coordination in
      five patients with CN with various combinations of these three factors. One
      patient met all three criteria and was able to increase his acuity by shaking his
      head. Other patients who shook their heads either had no loss of visual acuity
      due to the nystagmus or had a normal VOR. In either case, head shaking was of no
      apparent visual benefit and may represent, instead, an associated pathologic
      tremor in the cephalomotor control system.

PMID- 3874851
TI  - Intraocular retinal transplants.
AB  - Embryonic rat retinae transplanted into the anterior chamber of adult rat eyes of
      the same or different strain survive and grow. Light and electron microscopic
      studies show that the transplants undergo histogenetic differentiation, resulting
      in the development of mature inner and outer layer neurons and Muller glial
      cells. Vascular connections develop between the host iris and the retinal
      transplant. These initial observations indicate that retinal transplantation to a
      recipient eye is a procedure which offers ample opportunities for the study of
      problems related to neural development, retinal plasticity and repair.

PMID- 3874852
TI  - Malignant phenylketonuria due to defective synthesis of dihydrobiopterin.
AB  - A defect in the synthesis of dihydrobiopterin was detected in an Arab girl,
      ascertained through high blood phenylalanine level on neonatal screening. An oral
      loading test with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) caused a significant fall in her
      blood phenylalanine and a rise in tyrosine concentrations. Her blood biopterin
      levels were low. In urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) very high neopterin and
      low biopterin levels were observed. A deficiency of metabolites of
      neurotransmitters, serotonin and dopamine, was observed in CSF and urine. The
      patient was given replacement therapy of BH4, 5-hydroxytryptophan, and L-dopa
      with carbidopa starting from the age of 16 to 18 weeks. On this treatment the
      blood phenylalanine levels dropped to the desired range, while in urine and CSF a
      satisfactory rise of neurotransmitter metabolites was observed. In spite of this
      biochemical control, the patient developed neurological symptoms with myoclonic
      jerks and changes in muscle tone and presented severe cerebral damage with mental
      retardation. She died suddenly at the age of 38 weeks.

PMID- 3874853
TI  - Does milk intolerance affect seronegative arthritis in lactase-deficient women?

PMID- 3874854
TI  - Production of interleukin 2 in human peripheral blood lymphocytes: optimal
      condition for its culture.

PMID- 3874855
TI  - Interleukin-2 production and lymphocyte proliferation in aged and young humans.

PMID- 3874856
TI  - Whole-body protein turnover in Jamaican women during normal pregnancy.
AB  - A cross-sectional study was carried out among 18 Jamaican pregnant women divided
      into three groups of 6 subjects according to the stage of pregnancy: group B, 12
      weeks, group C, 24 weeks and group D, 33 weeks. A group (group A) of 6 non
      pregnant women was selected as control. The rate of whole-body protein turnover
      was measured by continuous oral administration of 15N-glycine and the resting
      metabolic rate by the open-circuit method. All subjects had a normal pregnancy
      outcome. The composition of the diet on the day of the study was comparable
      between the four groups (approximately 80 g protein and 9.45 MJ energy) and not
      significantly different from the composition of the diet during the 2 d prior to
      the experiment. The rates of protein synthesis and breakdown were higher in
      groups B and C compared to group A and lower in group D where they reached values
      slightly higher than in group A. Estimated from urea enrichment, these rates did
      not vary significantly among the groups, while estimated from ammonia enrichment
      the difference was significant (P less than 0.05) and there was a negative
      correlation between the gestational age and the rate of synthesis (r = -0.63) and
      breakdown (r = -0.69). Nitrogen retention was comparable between the three groups
      of pregnant women and significantly higher than in the group A. The resting
      metabolic rate was similar between the groups of pregnant women. These results
      suggest that the rates of protein turnover observed during gestation reflect more
      the changes that occur in maternal than those in fetal tissues. The values for
      protein synthesis and nitrogen retention indicate that the amount of protein
      deposited during pregnancy is greater than that expected on the basis of body
      composition analysis. It is also suggested that as pregnancy proceeds whole-body
      protein turnover represents a smaller part of the resting metabolic rate.

PMID- 3874857
TI  - Antibacterial activity of cefminox against anaerobes.
AB  - The antibacterial activity of cefminox (CMNX) against anaerobic bacteria was
      studied in vitro. The results are as follows: 1. CMNX exerted antibacterial
      activity against a wide range of anaerobes, excluding Clostridium innocuum. The
      antibacterial activity of CMNX against Bacteroides fragilis was comparable to
      that of latamoxef and superior to cefoxitin, but CMNX's activity against
      anaerobic cocci was slightly inferior to cefoxitin's; 2. A comparison of the MICs
      and MBCs of CMNX indicated that this drug exerts a complete bactericidal effect
      at a concentration which inhibits the growth of bacteria; 3. CMNX was found to be
      stable to the beta-lactamases produced by B. fragilis; 4. CMNX exerted an
      antibacterial activity against C. difficile.

PMID- 3874858
TI  - The synthesis and biological testing of 2,2-dimethylpenam sulfone.

PMID- 3874859
TI  - [(2-Oxo-1-azetidinyl)oxy]acetic acids: a new class of synthetic monobactams.

PMID- 3874860
TI  - Qualitative assessment of postnatal maturation of the organ of Corti in two rat
      strains.
AB  - The radial width of three rows of cuticular plates of outer hair cells (width of
      the OHC triad), the distribution of inner hair cells along the organ of Corti,
      and postnatal maturation of the middle ear were examined in rats of the Srague
      Dawley and Lewis strains aged 0-24 days and two months. The width of the OHC
      triad is a good indication of the course of maturation of the reticular lamina
      and the organ of Corti in different regions of the cochlea. The width of the OHC
      triad in adult rats decreases continuously from the apex toward the base, while
      in newborn pups the trend is just the reverse. Thus, there is a region of the
      cochlea in which the width of the OHC triad is the same, or changes
      insignificantly, from birth to adulthood. This particular region (where the
      process of postnatal maturation of the organ of Corti begins?) corresponds to the
      region of maximum density of inner hair cells and tonotopically to the region of
      'best hearing'. The width of the OHC triad will reach its adult values earlier in
      the basal than in the apical regions. The time-course of middle ear maturation
      correlates well with the time-course of maturation of the reticular lamina. The
      parameters under study are in many respects strain-specific.

PMID- 3874861
TI  - The modulation of growth of normal rat liver epithelial cells in calcium-poor
      medium by epidermal growth factor, phenobarbital, phorbol ester, and retinoic
      acid.
AB  - The ability of a normal rat liver epithelial cell line with phenotypic
      characteristics of "oval" cells to grow in calcium-poor medium has been
      investigated. The growth of these cells could be arrested in medium containing
      0.03 mM Ca2+, a concentration below which cell necrosis began to occur 24 h
      postexposure. With increasing calcium concentration, progressive cell
      proliferation was observed. Epithelial growth factor (EGF) (10 ng/ml) increased
      the survival and proliferation of cells in calcium-poor medium and the response
      was inversely correlated with the extracellular calcium concentration. In
      contrast, phenobarbital (0.2 to 2 mM), 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (0.01
      to 1 microgram/ml), or retinoic acid (0.001 to 0.1 microgram/ml) depressed growth
      of cells in calcium-poor medium. The results confirm the ability of EGF to lower
      the calcium requirement for proliferation of normal cells, but such an effect
      does not seem to be a universal property of tumor promoters.

PMID- 3874862
TI  - The psychological, social, and medical needs of lower socioeconomic status
      mothers of asthmatic children.
AB  - Extensive clinical literature describes parental reactions and stages of
      adjustment to chronic illnesses of their children, but such observations have not
      yet been empirically demonstrated. Utilizing a cross-sectional approach, the
      present study examined the psychological/emotional, social/instrumental, and
      medical/educational problems experienced by lower socioeconomic status (SES)
      mothers of 45 asthmatic children as a function of the length of time that had
      elapsed since the diagnosis of their children's illness. Data analysis indicated
      that the problem areas did not vary with the length of time since diagnosis. The
      majority of mothers reported difficulties related to their children's illness in
      each area.

PMID- 3874863
TI  - [Computed tomographic study of the ventricles and subarachnoid spaces in acute
      cranial injuries].

PMID- 3874864
TI  - Segmental analysis of Tl-201 stress myocardial tomography evaluation by
      angiographic data.

PMID- 3874865
TI  - Reexamination of phenotypic defects in rec-1 and rec-2 mutants of Haemophilus
      influenzae Rd.
AB  - Radiolabeled donor DNA is efficiently taken up into competent H. influenzae Rd
      rec-2 mutant cells but does not undergo the rapid degradation observed in wild
      type cells. Furthermore, donor label is not recovered in the chromosome even
      after 1 h. The donor DNA appears to remain in a protected state in a compartment
      that can be separated from the rest of the cell. We interpret this as a failure
      of the donor DNA to be translocated out of the transformasome. In contrast, rec-1
      cells translocate labeled donor DNA normally. The donor label accumulates in the
      recipient chromosome, but, as expected for cells with a recombination defect,
      there is no preferential localization of the label in sites homologous to the
      donor DNA. In addition, we have observed two enzymatic activities that act on
      transformasome-associated DNA of rec-2 cells, an endonuclease which may play a
      role in the translocation of closed circular DNA and a phosphatase.

PMID- 3874866
TI  - Succinate dehydrogenase in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides: subunit composition and
      immunocross-reactivity with other related bacteria.
AB  - Antibodies were raised against the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) present in the
      chromatophores of phototrophically grown Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis experiments indicated that the SDH present in the
      cytoplasmic membranes of heterotrophically grown R. sphaeroides is probably the
      same enzyme observed in the chromatophores. The enzyme was extracted by Triton X
      100 in a form which consisted of only two subunits (molecular weight, 68,000 and
      30,000) and was not associated with a cytochrome b. The antibodies directed
      against SDH from R. sphaeroides showed no immunocross-reactivity with SDH from
      phylogenetically related bacterial species, including Rhodopseudomonas capsulata,
      Paracoccus denitrificans, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodospirillum rubrum, and
      Rhodospirillum fulvum.

PMID- 3874867
TI  - Mass changes in myoinositol trisphosphate in human platelets stimulated by
      thrombin. Inhibitory effects of phorbol ester.
AB  - Myoinositol trisphosphate (IP3) is formed when phosphatidylinositol 4,5
      bisphosphate (PIP2) is hydrolyzed by phospholipase C. At micromolar
      concentrations, IP3 is a stimulus for Ca2+ release in both platelet membranes and
      various permeabilized cells. We have utilized a combination of ion exchange and
      capillary gas chromatography to quantitate the mass of IP3 produced by human
      platelets stimulated by thrombin. Accumulations of IP3 are transient and
      detectable within 5 s of exposure to thrombin. Within 15 s, thrombin (1 unit/ml)
      promotes the formation of 134 pmol of IP3/10(9) platelets, the equivalent of an
      intracellular concentration of 13.4 microM. Incubation of platelets with a
      stimulus for protein kinase C, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate, prior to
      the addition of thrombin impairs the hydrolysis of PIP2 and the increase in IP3,
      with 50% inhibition occurring at 60 nM TPA. We conclude that platelets produce
      sufficient quantities of IP3 to cause Ca2+ release from membrane stores. TPA
      inhibits the activation of phospholipase C and consequently the generation of
      IP3. The decreased accumulation of IP3 in platelets exposed to TPA may account
      for the inhibited rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+ which has been observed in such
      platelets.

PMID- 3874868
TI  - Isolation of a lytic, pore-forming protein (perforin) from cytolytic T
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Cytolytic granules from a T-cell line with specific cytolytic activity were
      isolated. Granules were solubilized and fractionated on a TSK 4000 gel filtration
      column. Lytic activity was eluted as a single retarded peak. Polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate indicated that the
      lytic fractions contained a single protein (perforin) with an apparent molecular
      weight of approximately 66 kDa. It separated well from the other proteins present
      in the granules. Isolated perforin polymerized and inserted into lipid bilayers
      in the presence of Ca2+, forming tubular structures with inner diameters varying
      from 6 to 16 nm. Lipid insertion of perforin was demonstrated using a membrane
      restricted, photoactivatable probe. The lytic properties of perforin suggest an
      important role of this particular protein during cytolytic T-cell-mediated target
      cell lysis.

PMID- 3874869
TI  - NMR studies of intracellular sodium ions in amphibian oocytes, ovulated eggs, and
      early embryos.
AB  - 23Na NMR, in combination with an anionic paramagnetic shift reagent dysprosium
      bis(tripolyphosphate), has been used to study intracellular Na+ in Rana oocytes,
      ovulated eggs, and early cleavage embryos. The technique allows accurate and
      simultaneous determination of both extracellular space and intracellular Na+
      concentration. In prophase-arrested, follicle-enclosed oocytes, only about 17% of
      the total oocyte Na+ (approximately 40 mmol/kg of cells) was NMR-visible.
      Homogenizing oocytes in 0.24 M sucrose did not significantly affect the 23Na
      resonance. About 30% of the total oocyte Na+ was associated with the yolk
      platelets isolated at room temperature by differential centrifugation. NMR
      analysis, however, did not yield a detectable 23Na signal from these intact
      platelets. Thus, while yolk platelets are rich in Na+, this Na+ does not
      contribute to the oocyte 23Na NMR signal. Denuded oocytes, obtained by removing
      the follicular epithelium, gained about 10 mmol of total Na+/kg of cells and
      exhibited a comparable increase in NMR-visible Na+, suggesting the existence of
      compartments with varying degree of NMR visibility within the oocyte. Partially
      relaxed 23Na Fourier transform NMR spectra revealed the existence of at least two
      major intracellular compartments of NMR-visible Na+ with different magnetic
      environments and relaxation behavior in denuded oocytes. Since platelet Na+
      appears to be NMR-invisible, one of the two observed compartments may be the
      nucleus. Progesterone action on the amphibian oocyte caused measurable changes in
      NMR-visible Na+. By ovulation (second metaphase), there is a gain in total egg
      Na+, and the NMR-visible Na+ is also increased. Following fertilization, however,
      there is some loss of total cell Na+ but, by the 2-4 cell stage, about 70% of the
      total Na+ becomes NMR-visible. These results indicate that a sizable fraction of
      the Na+ in follicle-enclosed, prophase oocyte is sequestered and located in NMR
      invisible compartments and that changes in NMR-visible intracellular Na+ occur
      following hormonal and developmental stimuli.

PMID- 3874870
TI  - Lipopolysaccharide and phorbol esters induce differentiation but have opposite
      effects on phosphatidylinositol turnover and Ca2+ mobilization in 70Z/3 pre-B
      lymphocytes.
AB  - We have recently shown that both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the phorbol ester,
      12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) induce differentiation in the
      transformed murine pre-B lymphocyte cell line 70Z/3 by enhancing Na+-H+ exchange
      across the plasma membrane through an amiloride-sensitive transport system
      (Rosoff, P.M., Stein, L.F., and Cantley, L.C. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 7056
      7060). These data suggested that the activation of protein kinase C indirectly by
      LPS and directly by TPA was the critical step in the initiation of
      differentiation in these cells. We extend these observations to show that LPS
      rapidly stimulates an increase in phosphatidylinositol turnover, leading to a
      rise in the levels of diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and a
      concomitant decrease in the amount of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and
      phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. There is also a rapid elevation of
      intracellular free [Ca2+] which is independent of the presence of extracellular
      Ca2+ or Na+. These results suggest that the increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] is due
      to release of cation from internal stores. TPA, which also causes differentiation
      in these cells, and the synthetic diacylglycerol, 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol, have
      opposite effects from LPS on both phosphatidylinositol turnover and cellular Ca+
      mobilization. These data suggest that protein kinase C inhibits the activity of
      phospholipase C. Thus protein kinase C plays a pivotal role in the regulation of
      mitogen-induced differentiation in these cells by both transducing a positive
      stimulus to the Na+-H+ exchange system as well as feedback regulating its own
      stimulatory pathway.

PMID- 3874871
TI  - A clinical comparison of potassium and magnesium-potassium crystalloid
      cardioplegia: metabolic considerations.
AB  - Controlled metabolic studies were used to gauge the relative efficacy of two
      cardioplegic solutions in 28 patients (14 in each group) undergoing multiple
      coronary artery bypass grafts. A solution containing magnesium-potassium
      (Plegisol) was compared to a standard potassium crystalloid cardioplegic
      solution. Measurements of coronary blood flow, coronary vascular resistance,
      coronary arteriovenous oxygen difference, myocardial oxygen consumption and
      extraction, and myocardial lactate and potassium extraction and release were all
      measured in the isolated, vented, paced, beating heart, before and for 15 minutes
      after a one hour arrest interval during which time revascularization was
      completed. During cardioplegic administration, the infusion flow rate, myocardial
      oxygen consumption and extraction, and lactate and potassium release and uptake
      were noted. The results indicate that during cardioplegic administration, the
      total oxygen consumed for both potassium and magnesium-potassium solutions did
      not significantly differ. The flow rate of the Mg-K solution was significantly
      higher than that of the potassium solution alone (510 vs. 398 ml/min). There was
      no lactate production during Mg-K administration, but 0.13 mEq/min of lactate was
      produced while potassium crystalloid cardioplegia was given. During myocardial
      reperfusion, oxygen extraction was maintained near prearrest levels in both
      groups. The only significant difference noted between the potassium and magnesium
      potassium solutions were the higher coronary blood flow and oxygen consumption
      immediately upon reperfusion in the Mg-K group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3874874
TI  - Simultaneous determination of pirprofen and its metabolite, the pyrrole
      derivative, in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A method for the simultaneous determination of pirprofen and its metabolite, the
      pyrrole derivative, in human plasma is described. The two compounds and the
      butyric acid analogue of the pyrrole derivative used as internal standard are
      extracted from plasma with chloroform, then back-extracted into an alkaline
      buffer. After addition of acid, the aqueous phase is assayed by high-performance
      liquid chromatography using a fixed-wavelength ultraviolet detector at 254 nm.
      The limit of quantitation is 0.1 micrograms/ml (0.396 mumol/l for pirprofen and
      0.400 mumol/l for the pyrrole derivative).

PMID- 3874872
TI  - A T-lymphoma transmembrane glycoprotein (gp180) is linked to the cytoskeletal
      protein, fodrin.
AB  - A major mouse T-lymphoma surface glycoprotein (gp180) has been identified by
      labeling cells with 125I and [3H]glucosamine. After ligand-induced receptor
      patching and/or capping, the amount of gp 180 in the membrane-associated
      cytoskeleton fraction increases in direct proportion to the percentage of
      patched/capped cells. There is a parallel increase in the amount of fodrin in the
      membrane-associated cytoskeleton fraction. Evidence is presented that gp180 is
      the same as or very similar to the T-lymphocyte-specific glycoprotein T-200. An
      immunobinding assay of Nonidet P-40-solubilized plasma membrane selectively co
      isolates gp180 and fodrin. After induction of receptor rearrangement, double
      label immunofluorescence reveals that fodrin accumulated directly beneath gp180
      patches and caps. Membrane extraction with Triton X-114 followed by sucrose
      gradient centrifugation permits isolation of a gp180-fodrin complex with a 1:1
      molar ratio and sedimentation coefficient(s) of approximately 20. This complex
      remains stable during isoelectric focusing and exhibits a pl in the range of 5.2
      5.7. On the basis of our results we conclude that gp180, an integral membrane
      glycoprotein, and fodrin, a component of the membrane-associated cytoskeleton,
      are closely associated into a complex. Furthermore, we contend that, through
      fodrin's association with actin, this complex is of functional significance in
      ligand-induced patching and capping of gp180. We also propose that, through
      lateral interactions in the plane of the membrane, the gp180-fodrin complex might
      be responsible for linking other surface receptors to the intracellular
      microfilament network during lymphocyte patching and capping.

PMID- 3874873
TI  - Activation of frog (Xenopus laevis) eggs by inositol trisphosphate. I.
      Characterization of Ca2+ release from intracellular stores.
AB  - Iontophoresis of inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate into frog (Xenopus laevis) eggs
      activated early developmental events such as membrane depolarization, cortical
      contraction, cortical granule exocytosis, and abortive cleavage furrow formation
      (pseudocleavage). Inositol 1, 4-bisphosphate also triggered these events, but
      only at doses approximately 100-fold higher, whereas no level of fructose-1, 6
      bisphosphate tested activated eggs. Using Ca2+-selective microelectrodes, we
      observed that activating doses of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate triggered a Ca2+
      release from intracellular stores that was indistinguishable from that previously
      observed at fertilization (Busa, W. B., and R. Nuccitelli, 1985, J. Cell Biol.,
      100:1325-1329), whereas subthreshold doses triggered only a localized Ca2+
      release at the site of injection. The subthreshold IP3 response could be
      distinguished from the major Ca2+ release at activation with respect to their
      dose-response characteristics, relative timing, sensitivity to external Ca2+
      levels, additivity, and behavior in the activated egg, suggesting that the
      Xenopus egg may possess two functionally distinct Ca2+ pools mobilized by
      different effectors. In light of these differences, we suggest a model for
      intracellular Ca2+ mobilization by sperm-egg interaction.

PMID- 3874875
TI  - Mortality, survival and prevalence: traumatic spinal cord injury in Olmsted
      County, Minnesota, 1935-1981.
AB  - Mortality, prevalence, and survival from traumatic spinal cord injury were
      examined in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1935 through 1981. One hundred and
      fifty-four incident cases and 30 additional cases who were Olmsted County
      residents on at least one of four prevalence dates were identified. The average
      annual age-adjusted mortality for spinal cord injury, including deaths
      attributable to spinal cord injury occurring at any time after injury was 28.5
      per million population. The rates in males were consistently greater than
      females, peaking to 61.0 in the period 1965-74. Thirty-eight percent of cases did
      not survive long enough to be hospitalized. Survival was 58% in the first week
      post-injury. However, for those who survived the first day and the first year,
      the 10-year survival was 77 and 87%, respectively. Early fatality in males was
      associated with single marital status (p = 0.0033) and concomitant head trauma (p
      = 0.0122), and in females with pedestrian or bicyclist status at injury (p less
      than 0.0001). Long-term survival was dependent on age (p less than 0.0001) and
      functional disability (p = 0.04). Point prevalence of spinal cord injured
      patients increased from 197 per million population in 1950 to 473 in 1980. This
      increase in prevalence was due at least in part to increasing incidence over
      time. An improvement in survival over the time period of the study could not be
      detected.

PMID- 3874876
TI  - Cocultures of human thyroid monolayer cells and autologous T cells: impact of HLA
      class II antigen expression.
AB  - Normal human thyroid cells in monolayer culture were induced to express surface
      HLA class II antigens (DR and DQ) by lectin stimulation. HLA class II positive
      thyroid cells caused proliferation of autologous T cells, a phenomenon not found
      in the absence of detectable HLA class II antigen expression. Autologous T cell
      proliferation was further stimulated by the presence of lectin-free interleukin
      2, a known stimulator of activated T cells, and inhibited by monoclonal antibody
      to HLA-DR antigen. These data demonstrated that normal human thyroid cells,
      following HLA class II antigen expression, have the capacity to stimulate the
      immune system. Since over 90% of the monolayer cells were thyrocytes, based on
      staining with antithyroid microsomal serum, and cells of the monocyte/macrophage
      series were absent, it is suggested that HLA class II antigen positive human
      thyroid cells were the principal activators of autologous T cells. Such a
      mechanism may be important in the target site amplification of human autoimmune
      thyroid disease in susceptible individuals.

PMID- 3874877
TI  - [Diagnostic imagings of myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3874878
TI  - [Positron emission tomography using oxygen-15 in cerebrovascular disorders].

PMID- 3874879
TI  - Detection of C polysaccharide in Streptococcus pneumoniae in the sputa of
      pneumonia patients by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - The pneumococcal C polysaccharide (PnC) is species specific and believed to be a
      cell wall component of all pneumococcal types. A sandwich enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of PnC in sputa has been developed by
      using a monoclonal antiphosphorylcholine antibody and a polyclonal rabbit anti
      PnC antiserum in the test system. A 1-year study of adult hospitalized patients
      with community-acquired pneumonia was performed. A total of 147 patients with
      clinical and radiological evidence for pneumonia were accepted for the study. Of
      these, 105 patients provided a sputum sample upon admission to the ward. The
      sputa were cultured semiquantitatively as well as tested for the presence of
      antigen. Of the sputum samples from patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae, 27 of
      33 (accounting for a sensitivity of 82%) were positive in the ELISA test. Of the
      sputum samples from patients with pneumonia of some other known or suspected
      etiology, 32 of 34 (accounting for a specificity of 94%) were negative. In
      addition, 7 sputum samples from 31 patients with pneumonia of unknown etiology
      were positive. The ELISA test described here is in our opinion a sensitive and
      specific test for detecting PnC from S. pneumoniae in sputa from patients with
      untreated pneumonia.

PMID- 3874880
TI  - Mycobacterium avium complex, an emerging pathogen in Massachusetts.
AB  - We report a study of 1,953 patients whose laboratory records from 1972 through
      1983 at the Massachusetts Mycobacteria Reference Laboratory indicated the
      isolation of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) organisms. At least one clinical
      specimen from each patient during this period exhibited the organism. The
      incidence of isolation of MAC has increased fivefold since 1972, with a doubling
      of the number of patients with positive MAC specimens from normally sterile sites
      occurring since 1980. A concomitant increase of more than fourfold in other
      nontuberculous mycobacteria has occurred. Most isolates came from high-density
      population centers. Communities whose drinking water comes from a distant rather
      than a local source were more likely to have patients with MAC.

PMID- 3874881
TI  - Detection of cross-reactive anti-DNA antibody idiotypes on renal tissue-bound
      immunoglobulins from lupus patients.
AB  - Cross-reactive anti-DNA antibody idiotypes have been identified on tissue-bound
      immunoglobulins in a study of renal biopsies from 26 systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE) patients. 12 (46%) biopsies were shown to have one or both the idiotypes
      tested for by anti-idiotypic reagents. The idiotypes were identified in the
      glomerular basement membrane, the mesangial cell cytoplasm, and in focal tuft
      proliferations. In contrast, in none of 24 immunoglobulin-positive disease
      control biopsies could either idiotype be demonstrated. Blocking studies in two
      patients indicated that the idiotypes were on anti-DNA antibodies. These findings
      indicate that some tissue-bound auto-antibodies are derived from related families
      of high-frequency germ line genes that are expressed in SLE patients. The
      potential role of anti-idiotypic therapy in SLE is discussed.

PMID- 3874882
TI  - Immunogens consisting of oligosaccharides from the capsule of Haemophilus
      influenzae type b coupled to diphtheria toxoid or the toxin protein CRM197.
AB  - Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) capsular polysaccharide (PRP) was selectively
      hydrolyzed to reducing oligosaccharides, and the fraction containing 3-10
      ribosylribitolphosphate repeating units (VS) was conjugated by reductive
      amination to diphtheria toxin (DTx), its nontoxic derivative CRM197 (Dcr), or
      diphtheria toxoid (DTd). Conjugate DTx-VS retained approximately 1% of native
      toxicity, which was eliminated by treatment with formalin. Immunization of
      rabbits with the conjugates elicited antibody (Ab) to PRP and to DTx but not to a
      model for the linkage determinant. Human adults given single subcutaneous
      injections had rises in serum Ab to PRP and in bactericidal activity in vitro;
      the Ab protected infant rats challenged with Hib. Adults had rises also in Ab to
      DTd, and these Ab protected rabbits against DTx. A series of two injections of
      the conjugates Dcr-VS and DTd-VS was tested in infants beginning at 19-23 mo of
      age. Rises in anti-PRP Ab after the primary resembled the rises after PRP
      vaccine. In contrast to PRP, the conjugates elicited large rises after the
      secondary vaccinations and a substantial IgG component. Development of
      bactericidal activity paralleled the rises in anti-PRP Ab. Secondary rises after
      Dcr-VS were higher than after DTd-VS. In infants 12-16 mo of age, Dcr-VS (but not
      DTd-VS) elicited strong primary and secondary Ab responses that included IgG and
      bactericidal activity. Both conjugates produced consistent rises in Ab to DTd.

PMID- 3874884
TI  - Phagocytosis and killing of Gardnerella vaginalis by human neutrophils.
AB  - Gardnerella vaginalis was ingested and killed by neutrophils in the presence of
      normal human serum. Heat inactivation of the serum inhibited these processes. The
      opsonisation of some but not all G vaginalis strains was enhanced by immune
      rabbit serum. Immune serum did not, however, enhance intracellular killing.
      Blockade of the classical pathway of complement activation had no effect on the
      opsonic activity of human serum. These results suggest that the opsonisation,
      phagocytosis, and killing of G vaginalis by human serum and neutrophils is
      primarily mediated by complement activated by the alternative pathway. Serum
      without neutrophils has little effect on the viability of G vaginalis.

PMID- 3874883
TI  - Homologous radioimmunoassay for epidermal growth factor in human saliva.
AB  - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a small polypeptide with potent mitogenic
      activity. Its synthesis by mouse submaxillary gland is stimulated by certain
      hormones. To assess its physiological significance in man, we have developed a
      homologous radioimmunoassay for human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) in saliva. A
      satisfactory standard curve was readily obtained using either buffer or peptide
      free saliva. The mean IC50 was 436 +/- 200 pM (mean +/- SD) and sensitivity
      approximately 35 pM. The mean normal salivary hEGF in 63 males was 314.6 +/- 21.7
      pM (+/- SEM) and 354 +/- 27.8 pM in 48 females. The difference between the means
      of the sexes was not significant. Assays of aliquots stored under different
      conditions showed hEGF in saliva to be stable and the method reproducible.
      Salivary hEGF secretion did not suggest diurnal rhythmicity and was unrelated to
      meals.

PMID- 3874885
TI  - Distribution of biotypes of Haemophilus influenzae and H parainfluenzae in
      patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - One hundred and eighty eight isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and 187 isolates
      of H parainfluenzae from patients with cystic fibrosis, patients with respiratory
      infections but without cystic fibrosis, and patients with neither cystic fibrosis
      nor respiratory infections were biotyped. Biotype I of H influenzae were found
      significantly more often in patients with cystic fibrosis compared with those
      with normal respiratory tracts. On the other hand, biotype II strains of H
      influenzae were found less often in the cystic fibrosis group. Half of the
      biotype V strains produced beta-lactamase.

PMID- 3874886
TI  - Isolated arteritis of the epididymis.
AB  - The clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical features of two cases of
      apparently isolated arteritis of the epididymis are presented. The aetiology and
      pathogenesis of the condition are discussed. Immunoglobulin and complement were
      shown in the acute arterial lesions, but this is not conclusive evidence that
      isolated arteritis is either an immune complex disease or a forme fruste of
      polyarteritis nodosa.

PMID- 3874887
TI  - Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. VII. Bleeding, suppuration and probing
      depth in sites with probing attachment loss.
AB  - Incisors, cuspids and premolars in 49 patients with advanced chronic
      periodontitis were treated with initial, nonsurgical periodontal therapy. The
      results were monitored by probing attachment level measurements for 6 sites of
      each tooth every 3rd month during a period of 24 months. Amongst sites with
      initial probing depth greater than or equal to 4.0 mm, sites with probing
      attachment loss were identified using regression analysis. Scores for plaque,
      bleeding, suppuration on probing and probing depth, obtained for these sites
      during the 24-month study, were analyzed to determine whether any of the scores
      could be used diagnostically as an indicator of probing attachment loss.
      Diagnostic sensitivity and predictability were calculated for different levels of
      each of the scores. The results showed that sites with probing attachment loss
      were more frequent for sites with high scores for plaque, bleeding, residual
      probing depth and suppuration than in sites with low scores. However, the
      diagnostic sensitivity and predictability of these clinical indicators was
      generally low. Thus, records of plaque, bleeding, suppuration and probing depth
      do not obviate the need for probing attachment level measurements for
      identification of sites with probing attachment loss following initial,
      nonsurgical periodontal therapy.

PMID- 3874888
TI  - Neuromuscular effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
AB  - The MAOI drugs produce neuromuscular effects at therapeutic and toxic doses when
      given alone or in combination with other drugs. These effects range from muscle
      tension and twitches to forceful myoclonic jerks. These effects may also be a
      part of a more pervasive toxic syndrome that includes autonomic and mental
      symptoms as well. There is some evidence that serotonergic mechanisms play a role
      in mediating the neuromuscular effects of MAOIs. The authors have hypothesized
      that MAOIs produce a condition of heightened neuromuscular excitability due to a
      combination of increased serotonergic tone and central disinhibition of alpha
      motoneuron mediated spinal activity. Further study is needed in which objective
      pharmacologic and neurophysiologic measures are used.

PMID- 3874889
TI  - Proportional localization system for anatomical interpretation of cerebral
      computed tomograms.
AB  - The existence of individual variations in size and shape of the human brain
      constitutes a problem for the anatomical interpretation of brain reconstructed
      images obtained from scanning devices; it is, for example, responsible for most
      of the inaccuracies in reading CT scans. One way to account for these variations
      is to use a proportional localization system. In the 1960s a group of
      neurosurgeons developed such a system based on two pivotal intracerebral
      structures, the anterior and the posterior commissures; they published an atlas
      consisting of horizontal, coronal, and sagittal brain sections interpreted in the
      proportional system. The atlas also included standard proportional brain schemes
      based on anatomical and radiological studies on large numbers of individuals. In
      this article we report a target localization experiment that we carried out to
      determine if this atlas could be used as a reference for a more accurate
      interpretation of CT and, eventually, of positron emission tomography (PET) and
      nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) scans. Ten radiopaque small targets were
      inserted through the skull in the cortex of three cadavers; head CT was
      performed, and the atlas was used for predicting the cortical location of the
      targets seen on the CT images: The predictions were confirmed. These results
      strongly support the use of the proportional atlas for the interpretation of CT
      as well as of PET and NMR scans.

PMID- 3874890
TI  - Cross-sectional investigation of adolescent perceptions of gender roles.
AB  - Data from a sample of youngsters, 12 through 18 years old, are analysed to
      examine the difference in gender role perceptions across age groups. A series of
      multivariate correlational analyses are employed to examine the relationship
      between respondent gender, age and self-reported perceptions of gender identity.
      The results of the study indicate indirect support for Erikson's speculations
      about resolution of Identity "Crisis". The youngest respondents showed the
      greatest disparity between male and female role perceptions. The older subjects,
      those in adolescence, displayed greater ambiguity toward gender roles. Finally,
      the oldest respondents, approaching adulthood, indicated a stronger perceived
      gender identity.

PMID- 3874891
TI  - Ventricular arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: incidence,
      risk factors and long-term prognosis.
AB  - The incidence, risk factors and long-term prognosis of complex ventricular
      arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass graft surgery are not known. Complex
      ventricular arrhythmias are defined as Lown grades 4a (couplets), 4b (ventricular
      tachycardia) and 5 (R on T phenomenon). Ninety-two patients with normal left
      ventricular function who underwent elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery
      were prospectively evaluated. Ventricular arrhythmias were documented by
      predischarge 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring; 43% of patients
      had no or simple ventricular arrhythmias (Lown grades 1 to 3) and 57% had complex
      ventricular arrhythmias. Risk factors analyzed included age, sex, diabetes,
      hypertension, smoking, preoperative digoxin or propranolol therapy,
      cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-clamp time, number of vessels bypassed,
      peak creatine kinase (CK) elevation and pericarditis. No risk factor identified
      patients at higher risk for complex ventricular arrhythmias. Patients were
      followed up for 6 to 24 months (mean 16). Patients with complex ventricular
      arrhythmias did not have a higher incidence of sudden death, cardiac death,
      syncope, angina, myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident. It was
      concluded that: Complex ventricular arrhythmias are common after coronary artery
      bypass graft surgery. None of the risk factors considered identify high risk
      patients. Complex ventricular arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass graft
      surgery do not indicate a poor prognosis in patients with normal left ventricular
      function.

PMID- 3874893
TI  - Isolated prolapse of the tricuspid valve.
AB  - Tricuspid valve prolapse has remained a poorly defined entity. Some authors have
      stated that prolapse isolated to the tricuspid valve has not been documented.
      This report contains three cases of isolated tricuspid valve prolapse including
      the first pathologically confirmed case. A review of worldwide literature
      including all reported cases of isolated tricuspid valve prolapse is also
      presented. Although signs and symptoms are similar to those found with mitral
      valve prolapse, tricuspid valve prolapse may occasionally be differentiated by
      auscultation. The diagnostic criteria of tricuspid valve prolapse are thoroughly
      discussed for each of the presently available invasive and noninvasive
      techniques. Right heart catheterization can define such prolapse but is invasive
      and requires meticulous technique. Two-dimensional echocardiography supersedes M
      mode because of the superior spatial evaluation of the tricuspid leaflets in
      relation to the right atrium and ventricle. Multiple views including a long-axis
      view of the right ventricular inflow are often required. This parasternal
      echocardiographic window is often the only one which permits adequate
      visualization of the posterior leaflet. The pathologic findings of tricuspid
      valve prolapse are similar to those of mitral valve prolapse. This report
      concludes with a description of associated conditions. Severe tricuspid
      regurgitation has not been noted with tricuspid valve prolapse in the absence of
      superimposed disease, yet much remains undefined concerning the clinical
      significance of this condition.

PMID- 3874892
TI  - Sustained regional abnormalities in cardiac metabolism after transient ischemia
      in the chronic dog model.
AB  - Positron emission tomography allows noninvasive assessment of myocardial blood
      flow and metabolism, and may aid in defining the extent and severity of an
      ischemic injury. This hypothesis was tested by studying, in chronically
      instrumented dogs, regional blood flow and metabolism during and after a 3 hour
      balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The metabolic
      findings after ischemia were compared with the recovery of regional function over
      a 4 week period. N-13 ammonia was used as a blood flow tracer, and C-11 palmitic
      acid and F-18 deoxyglucose as tracers of fatty acid and glucose metabolism,
      respectively. Regional myocardial function was monitored with ultrasonic crystals
      implanted subendocardially. Regional function improved most between 24 hours and
      1 week after reperfusion, but was still attenuated at 4 weeks. The slow
      functional recovery was paralleled by sustained metabolic abnormalities,
      reflected by segmentally delayed clearance of C-11 activity from myocardium and
      increased uptake of F-18 deoxyglucose. Absence of blood flow and C-11 palmitic
      acid uptake at 24 hours of reperfusion correlated with extensive necrosis as
      evidenced by histologic examination. Conversely, uptake of C-11 palmitic acid
      with delayed C-11 clearance and increased F-18 deoxyglucose accumulation
      identified reversibly injured tissue that subsequently recovered functionally and
      revealed little necrosis. Thus, recovery of metabolism after 3 hours of ischemia
      is slow in canine myocardium and paralleled by slow recovery of function.
      Metabolic indexes by positron tomography early after reperfusion can identify
      necrotic and reversibly injured tissue. Positron tomography may therefore aid in
      defining the extent and prognosis of an ischemic injury in patients undergoing
      reperfusion during evolving myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3874894
TI  - Altered interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and responsiveness after
      hyposensitization to house dust.
AB  - Interleukin-2 (IL-2 or T cell growth factor, TCGF) is a lymphokine absolutely
      required for clonal expansion of activated T-lymphocytes with specific cytotoxic,
      helper, and suppressor functions. The capability of production of and
      responsiveness to IL-2 in 15 normal children, 28 newly diagnosed, and 22
      hyposensitized (greater than 1 yr) children with asthma was studied. The results
      demonstrated (1) The lymphocytes from newly diagnosed patients produced a much
      greater amount of IL-2 when they were stimulated with specific allergen (house
      dust) but not with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) than did those from both
      hyposensitized patients and normal subjects. (2) The responsiveness to IL-2 of
      activated lymphocytes from hyposensitized patients was much more vigorous than
      those from both new patients and normal subjects, whether the responder
      lymphocytes were pretreated with PHA or house dust. Thus, hyposensitization is
      able to modulate the immunobiologic functions of T cells with respect to
      production of and responsiveness to IL-2, and such alterations may contribute to
      the immunologic changes occurring in patients receiving long-term
      hyposensitization.

PMID- 3874895
TI  - Use of an automatic refraction device in a Third World country.
AB  - The vision welfare services in many Third World countries are compromised by the
      shortage of trained ophthalmic vision care workers. We investigated the
      feasibility of fulfilling part of the needs in this area by training local
      personnel in the use of automatic refraction devices. A nurse from the Vila Base
      Hospital in Vanuatu was given minimal training in the use of such an instrument
      (Nikon NR 2000), and given guidelines for the preparation of ophthalmic
      prescriptions. Sixty-nine subjects in the Village of Mele in Vanuatu were seen by
      both the nurse and an optometrist, and the prescriptions issued by both workers
      were compared. The use of automatic refractors under those conditions holds
      promise for filling the needs in Third World countries, and suggestions are given
      for adapting these instruments for the particular conditions encountered during
      this study.

PMID- 3874896
TI  - The treatment of hereditary multiple exostosis of the upper extremity.
AB  - Thirty of 50 patients with hereditary multiple exostosis developed significant
      deformities of the arm in one extremity. The degree of deformity is dependent on
      the location of the osteochondroma. If the osteochondroma is on the radius,
      deformity will usually be only minimal. If the osteochondroma is at the distal
      end of the ulna, the epiphysis usually stops growing. We believe that the ulnar
      collateral ligament then acts as a tether, very similar to that seen in the ulnar
      clubhand. The radius then has to either bow or dislocate at the elbow, and the
      wrist displaces ulnarly. We performed operations on 10 patients that consisted of
      cutting the ulnar collateral ligament, lengthening the ulna, osteotomizing the
      radius, and removing any osteochondromas. In the young, growing child, staples
      are placed across the lateral side of the distal radial epiphysis. The cosmetic
      results of the surgery were very gratifying. Nine patients also had
      osteochondromas removed from the hands and the forearms.

PMID- 3874897
TI  - Transhepatic obliteration of esophageal varices using stainless coils combined
      with hypertonic glucose and gelfoam.
AB  - A total of 63 patients with variceal bleeding were included in this study. Fifty
      six attempts at percutaneous transhepatic variceal obliteration were made using
      stainless steel coils followed by 50% glucose and Gelfoam in 27 emergency cases,
      in whom bleeding did not stop by conventional medical treatment; and in 18
      elective cases, in whom bleeding did stop by conventional medical treatment. The
      remaining 18 patients, whose bleeding was controlled by conventional medical
      treatment, were used as a control for the elective cases (conservative cases).
      The overall success rate was 93%. In 92% of the 37 acute bleeders, bleeding
      ceased as soon as the varices were obliterated. In emergency cases, the
      cumulative variceal rebleeding rate at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after
      obliteration was 16%, 29%, 34%, 44%, 56%, and 56%, respectively. Its mortality
      within 1 month after the first bleeding was only 11%. In elective cases, the
      rebleeding rate at 1, 2, and 12 months was significantly lower; and the survival
      rate at 1 and 2 months was significantly higher compared with conservative cases.
      Follow-up portography in 10 active rebleeders and two nonrebleeders demonstrated
      new vessel formation in six, and recanalization of previously completely occluded
      varices in two. Complications included transient hemiparesis and partial stenosis
      of intrahepatic portal branches, but none was fatal. When compared with a
      conventional treatment, transhepatic variceal obliteration using steel coils
      followed by 50% glucose and Gelfoam proved to be an effective, safe emergency
      treatment for variceal hemorrhage. However, since the rebleeding rate was high,
      this procedure should be followed by an elective operation or other procedures
      for a lasting prevention of bleeding.

PMID- 3874898
TI  - Arteriovenous malformations as a cause of gastrointestinal bleeding: the
      importance of triple-vessel angiographic studies in diagnosis and prevention of
      rebleeding.
AB  - Arteriovenous malformations of the gastrointestinal tract are a source of upper
      and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. We studied 40 patients with arteriovenous
      malformations. Eighteen percent had single lesions in either the distal
      transverse colon or the left colon (the angiographic distribution of the inferior
      mesenteric artery). Seventeen percent had concomitant colonic and extracolonic
      arteriovenous malformations. Only 6% of those who underwent surgery for removal
      of arteriovenous malformations rebled. We also studied the incidence of
      angiodysplastic lesions of the colon of 159 patients over the age of 55 with
      lower gastrointestinal bleeding; associated arteriovenous malformations were
      present in 21%. These data suggest: that to evaluate arteriovenous malformations
      as a cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, one must perform inferior and superior
      mesenteric and celiac angiography; the incidence of rebleeding is reduced when
      triple-vessel selective visceral angiography precedes surgical removal of
      arteriovenous malformations; and the incidence of associated arteriovenous
      malformations approaches that of diverticulosis in elderly patients with lower
      gastrointestinal bleeding.

PMID- 3874899
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: an overview.

PMID- 3874900
TI  - Conditions required for expression of membrane IL 1 on B cells.

PMID- 3874901
TI  - TNP-specific Lyt-2+ cytolytic T cell clones preferentially respond to TNP
      conjugated epidermal cells.
AB  - A most effective method for the induction of hapten-specific allergic contact
      sensitivity (CS) is via epicutaneous application of the hapten. Another effective
      method is by the administration of haptenated epidermal cells (EC)
      subcutaneously. The latter method induces more intense and longer lasting CS than
      does the subcutaneous administration of haptenated spleen cells (SC). Thus, there
      may be something unique about EC which, when haptenated, allows them to generate
      effector cells more effectively than do SC. We therefore attempted to generate T
      cell clones that were both hapten- and epidermal-specific. Four days after
      painting mice with 7% trinitrochlorobenzene, draining lymph node cells were
      obtained and T cells were purified. These cells were co-cultured with
      trinitrophenylated (TNP) Langerhans cell-enriched EC. After 4 days, cells were
      harvested and rested on non-TNP-conjugated EC. The cells were restimulated and
      rested three times, and were then cloned by limiting dilution with added
      interleukin 2, which was then continually added. Proliferation of T cells was
      assessed by [3H]-thymidine incorporation. Cytotoxicity assays utilized TNP
      conjugated concanavalin A SC blasts or EC as targets. Clones A-2 and E-4 are Thy
      1+, Lyt-2+, and L3T4-, and TNP-specific. In contrast to noncloned TNP-specific T
      cells, the clones proliferate preferentially in response to TNP-EC rather than
      TNP-SC. Also in contrast to noncloned T cells, the clones were preferentially
      cytotoxic for TNP-EC; compared to TNP-SC, there was an eight- to 32-fold increase
      in killing when TNP-EC were used as targets. Clones A-2 and E-4 therefore exhibit
      hapten and epidermal specificity. The epidermal-specific epitope that is
      recognized is unknown, but genetic restriction and antibody inhibition studies
      indicate that it is co-recognized with H-2K.

PMID- 3874902
TI  - Specificity, phenotype, and precursor frequency of primary cytolytic T
      lymphocytes specific for class II major histocompatibility antigens.
AB  - Most cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) recognize class I rather than class II MHC
      determinants, and relatively little is known about those CTL that do recognize
      class II MHC determinants. The present study was undertaken to document the
      specificity, phenotype, and precursor frequency of primary class II allospecific
      CTL. It was found that class II-allospecific CTL could be consistently generated
      in vitro from unprimed spleen or thymus populations in the presence of
      exogenously added helper factors. The class II MHC specificity of both the
      precursor and CTL effectors activated in primary cultures by Ia-disparate
      stimulator cells was documented both by blocking experiments with anti-Ia mAb and
      by the use of L cell transfectants. The mechanism by which primary allospecific
      CTL effectors lysed their targets appeared to involve direct cell-cell contact,
      because they failed to lyse bystander target cells. The frequency in unprimed
      spleen populations of precursor CTL specific for class II alloantigens was
      examined by limiting dilution analysis and was found to be as high as 1/15,000
      splenocytes and approximately 10% of the frequency reported for primary class I
      allospecific CTL. Finally, the Lyt phenotype of primary class II allospecific CTL
      precursors and effectors was determined. It was found that anti-class II CTL
      derive from at least two distinct precursor subpopulations that are either
      L3T4+Lyt-2- or L3T4-Lyt-2+, and that the Lyt phenotype expressed by the CTL
      effectors are concordant with that of their precursors. No correlation was found
      between the I subregion gene products recognized by CTL effectors and the Lyt
      phenotype they expressed in that both I-A- and I-E-specific CTL were both
      L3T4+Lyt-2- and L3T4-Lyt-2+.

PMID- 3874903
TI  - Studies on the induction and expression of T cell-mediated immunity. XV. Role of
      non-MHC papain-sensitive target structures and Lyt-2 antigens in allogeneic and
      xenogeneic lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (LDCC).
AB  - The present study examines the role of nonclass I MHC target membrane structures
      involved in lysis by cytotoxic lymphocytes in the lectin-dependent cellular
      cytotoxicity (LDCC) system. Cytotoxic cells of rodents and humans have been shown
      to nonspecifically lyse target cells of different origins and species. The
      mechanism by which such cytotoxicity takes place is not known, although several
      hypotheses have been put forth. This study examines the role of class I MHC
      expression on target cells and Lyt-2 antigens on the cytotoxic cells in both
      allogeneic and xenogeneic LDCC systems. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and
      murine-allosensitized cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are used as effector cells,
      and class I MHC-negative Daudi and class I MHC-positive Raji human target cells
      are used. The studies reveal that in LDCC, human lymphocytes lyse HLA-negative
      Daudi targets to the same extent as HLA-positive Raji targets. This was shown by
      the 51Cr-release assay as well as the single cell assay. Furthermore,
      allosensitized murine CTL lyse Daudi and Raji in LDCC, demonstrating that lysis
      of class I negative targets is achieved by xenogeneic CTL. Target cells treated
      with papain were found to be resistant to lysis in LDCC. However, incubation of
      papain-treated targets for 1 to 2 hr resulted in recovery of cytotoxicity. In the
      single cell assay, the papain treatment of targets slightly reduces the frequency
      of binders but significantly reduces the frequency of killers, revealing that the
      papain-sensitive structures are essential during the lethal hit stage of lysis.
      Monoclonal anti-Lyt-2 antibody inhibits lysis of both Daudi and Raji targets by
      murine CTL. The lack of discrimination between mouse and human targets by murine
      CTL suggests that the Lyt-2 molecule may have a different role than merely
      interacting with the target cell. In the LDCC system, we propose that class I MHC
      molecules are not essential for lysis. Several papain-sensitive and -insensitive
      target cell structures may participate in the cytolytic mechanism, and we propose
      that both the lectin and Lyt-2 molecules are involved in the perturbation of cell
      membrane conformation essential for lysis.

PMID- 3874904
TI  - Molecular associations of class II MHC antigens in mitogen-stimulated B cells.
AB  - Previously, we showed that murine B cell membrane proteins undergo rearrangements
      in the plasma membrane to form new molecular associations in response to
      mitogenic stimulation. These complexes were covalently stabilized by
      photoreactive cross-linking agents and were analyzed by SDS PAGE. We have now
      identified certain complexes that involve class II MHC products, the Ia antigens.
      Upon stimulation of B cells with LPS, Ia surface molecules (as identified by
      radioimmunoprecipitation with polyclonal anti-Ia antiserum) enter into a
      molecular complex with a 95-kd membrane-associated protein (p95) to form a 200-kd
      complex that may be stabilized by the cross-linking agent dithiobisphenylazide
      (DTPA). This molecular association is not observed upon stimulation with
      mitogenic anti-Ig reagents, nor with the polyclonal B cell activator 8
      bromoguanosine. p95 is not a disulfide-linked molecule itself, and by separate
      immunoprecipitation experiments we have established that it is not a component of
      surface Ig, transferrin receptor, the B cell Fc receptor, or CR1, the receptor
      for complement component C3b. Further analysis of the association of Ia antigens
      with surface proteins, with the use of monoclonal antibodies directed against I-A
      or I-E, has demonstrated that each subregion gene product forms a unique
      molecular association. Precipitation of radiolabeled lysates from LPS-activated B
      cells with anti-I-A reveals the aforementioned association with p95. In contrast,
      the I-E antigen apparently forms complexes with a multimer of a 15-kd protein to
      give complexes of 45, 60, 75, and 90 kd. When analyzed by two-dimensional
      diagonal gels (nonreducing/reducing), only the I-E bands are revealed by
      autoradiography, indicating that the putative p15 that associates with I-E may
      not be accessible to surface labeling. The disparate molecular associations for I
      A and I-E suggest that the formation of these distinct protein complexes may be
      functionally related to a different role in the process of cellular activation
      for each of these Ia subregion gene products.

PMID- 3874905
TI  - Bronchoalveolar cells from sarcoid patients demonstrate enhanced antigen
      presentation.
AB  - The recognition of foreign antigens by T lymphocytes in association with lung
      antigen-presenting cells may be critical in the initiation of the mononuclear
      alveolitis and granuloma formation of pulmonary sarcoidosis. However, it has been
      shown that bronchoalveolar cells (BAC) from normal volunteers function poorly as
      antigen-presenting cells. Therefore, the ability of sarcoid BAC to serve as
      accessory cells for antigen-dependent autologous T cell proliferation, as
      measured by tritiated thymidine uptake, was compared with that of normal BAC.
      Although irradiated sarcoid BAC supported antigen-induced T cell proliferation,
      normal BAC did so poorly (p less than 0.005). Because it has been shown that
      sarcoid BAC produce more interleukin 1 (IL 1) than normal BAC, it was considered
      that the enhancement of antigen-induced proliferative responses could result from
      an increased amount of IL 1, and that contaminating monocytes in the peripheral
      blood T cell preparations displayed the antigen for T cell recognition.
      Therefore, it was necessary to establish that antigen-induced T cell responses
      required HLA-D region compatibility between the sarcoid BAC and T lymphocytes.
      BAC from sarcoid patients stimulated antigen-specific proliferation in T cells
      lines matched for at least one HLA-D-region antigen, but failed to stimulate T
      cell lines that were unmatched for both antigens. This finding indicates that
      cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from sarcoid patients were fully capable
      of acting as antigen-presenting cells. The identification of antigen-presenting
      cells in the lungs of patients with sarcoidosis together with the previous
      findings of activated T cells, enhanced IL 1 production, and spontaneous
      interleukin 2 release in sarcoid patients is compatible with the hypothesis that
      local cell-mediated immunity is involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary
      sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3874906
TI  - Preferential generation of human T cell hybrids with a tetraploid fusion partner.
AB  - The factors determining successful derivation of human T lymphocyte hybrids are
      largely unknown. This report describes diploid and tetraploid clones of the T
      cell line CEM which were fused with either a human T cell line (Jurkat) or with
      peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Fusions of all CEMR clones with the Jurkat
      cell line yielded hybrids at a very high frequency (1 X 10(-4)). Fusion of
      diploid clones of CEM with PBL yielded no hybrids, whereas fusion of tetraploid
      clones of CEM with PBL resulted in growth frequencies of 1 to 3 X 10(-6).
      Enumeration of hybrids immediately after fusion indicated that in all cases,
      fused cells represented 5 to 10% of the population. That the ability to yield
      viable hybrids after fusion was a characteristic of tetraploid cells was
      indicated by the finding that tetraploid variants of a diploid clone could also
      yield viable hybrids after fusion. Possible mechanisms for the difference in
      results generated with diploid and tetraploid cells, and characteristics of the
      hybrid cells generated, are also discussed.

PMID- 3874907
TI  - Exaggerated human vascular cell prostaglandin biosynthesis mediated by monocytes:
      role of monokines and interleukin 1.
AB  - Incubation of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells with factors
      derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCF) or adherent
      monocytes (AMF) resulted in concentration-and time-dependent increases in
      prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. MNCF and AMF also stimulated
      prostacyclin and PGE2 biosynthesis in cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells
      and human dermal fibroblasts. The effect of these monokines on endothelial cells
      and fibroblasts was mimicked by treatment with purified human interleukin 1 (IL
      1). Mononuclear cell-conditioned medium subjected to gel filtration yielded
      fractions (Mr 12,000 to 18,000 daltons) which simultaneously contained
      endothelial cell and fibroblast prostaglandin-stimulating activity and IL 1
      activity. Therefore, monokines, specifically IL 1, appear to serve as chemical
      mediators of the interaction between monocytes and vascular cells as would occur
      in blood vessel injury, inflammation, and atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3874908
TI  - Synthetic lipopeptide analogs of bacterial lipoprotein are potent polyclonal
      activators for murine B lymphocytes.
AB  - The lipoprotein from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli and other
      Enterobacteriaceae is a potent polyclonal activator for B lymphocytes. To
      determine the molecular structure responsible for the biologic activity of
      lipoprotein, a well-defined series of analogs of its N-terminal part was
      synthesized: S-(2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2-RS)-propyl)-N-palmitoyl-(R)-cysteine, 
      cysteine methyl ester, -cysteinyl-serine, -cysteinyl-seryl-serine, -cysteinyl
      seryl-seryl-asparagine, and -cysteinyl-seryl-seryl-asparaginyl-alanine. All
      compounds were tested for mitogenic activity toward spleen cells from BALB/c, LPS
      non-responder C3H/HeJ, and congenitally athymic C3H/Tif/Bom/nu/nu mice, measuring
      the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA. Lymphocyte activation was confirmed
      by determination of the incorporation of [3H]uridine into RNA and [3H]leucine
      into protein. The synthetic lipopeptides were also investigated for their ability
      to stimulate B lymphocytes into immunoglobulin secretion, as shown by a hemolytic
      plaque assay. Throughout our studies, the compounds carrying two to five amino
      acids exhibited strong stimulation activity toward B lymphocytes comparable to
      native lipoprotein. In contrast, products containing only one amino acid,
      cysteine or cysteine methyl ester, were only marginally active, indicating that
      to obtain full biologic activity the presence of the hydrophilic dipeptide
      structure is necessary. All compounds exhibited only a marginal effect on
      thymocytes. Thus, a series of defined synthetic fragments of a bacterial outer
      membrane component exhibits a pronounced mitogenic and polyclonally stimulating
      activity towards B lymphocytes. The substances will be valuable tools for more
      detailed investigations on the molecular mechanisms of B cell activation.

PMID- 3874909
TI  - Biosynthesis and maturation of the Lyt-2/3 molecular complex in mouse thymocytes.
AB  - The biosynthesis and maturation of the three subunits alpha (Mr = 37,000), beta
      (Mr = 32,000), and gamma (Mr = 27,000) of the mouse Lyt-2/3 antigenic complex
      have been studied by using two monoclonal antibodies directed against a
      monomorphic determinant of the Lyt-2 antigen. Short time-pulse labeling of
      thymocytes reveals three different high mannose intermediates that give rise upon
      endo-beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase H digestion to three distinct precursor
      polypeptides of Mr = 22,000 (alpha P), Mr = 18,000 (beta P), and Mr = 19,500
      (gamma P). Pulse-chase analysis indicates rapid posttranslational processing,
      because mature forms already appear after 10 min of chase. The half-life of the
      endo-H-sensitive early forms are in the range of 20 to 30 min. Both the alpha and
      beta subunits are suggested to contain three N-asparagine-linked
      oligosaccharides, one of which is of the high mannose type. In contrast, the
      gamma-chain contains only one such glycan unit of the complex type. Moreover, the
      results presented show that all three chains undergo additional posttranslational
      modifications. Finally, the data suggest that the cytoplasmic domains of these
      chains are of different size.

PMID- 3874910
TI  - The structure-function relationship of I-A molecules: a biochemical analysis of I
      A polypeptides from mutant antigen-presenting cells and evidence of preferential
      association of allelic forms.
AB  - Chemically induced mutants of an I-Ak,d-expressing, antigen-presenting B cell-B
      lymphoma hybridoma have recently been generated by immunoselection in vitro with
      I-Ak-specific monoclonal antibodies, and were found to possess alterations in
      some of the I-Ak region-dependent functions. The mutants were categorized as
      alpha-polypeptide mutants or beta-polypeptide mutants on the basis of the
      patterns of reactivity with anti I-Ak alpha and anti I-Ak beta monoclonal
      antibodies. To delineate the structural alterations underlying the differences in
      serologic and functional properties of these mutants, I-A molecules from several
      of these mutant hybridomas were compared biochemically with wild type I-Ak
      polypeptides by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and high-pressure liquid
      chromatographic (HPLC) tryptic peptide analyses. These results suggest that the
      marked alterations in antibody reactivity and T cell-activating functions of the
      beta-polypeptide mutants G1, K2, and LD3, as well as the Ia alpha-polypeptide
      mutant JE50, may be due to very limited alterations in the Ia polypeptides. The
      functional deficiencies of the alpha-polypeptide mutant JE67 could be attributed
      to the change in net charge exhibited by its Ak alpha polypeptide. HPLC tryptic
      peptide analysis of I-A molecules isolated from the alpha-polypeptide mutant J4
      indicates that the functional deficiencies exhibited by this mutant are due to a
      complete loss of expression of the Ak alpha polypeptide. The inability to detect
      significant amounts of Ad alpha Ak beta and Ak alpha Ad beta hybrid molecules in
      immunoprecipitates from some of these cell lines suggests that some hybrid
      molecules may be expressed at low levels due to preferential Ia polypeptide chain
      association. Together, these results indicate that most serologically defined
      epitopes are localized on either one or the other Ia polypeptide, whereas T cell
      defined epitopes are determined by a combination of both Ia polypeptides. The
      results of these analyses also enable us to evaluate different immunoselection
      strategies for the most efficient production of mutants expressing limited
      alterations in Ia polypeptides.

PMID- 3874911
TI  - The mechanism of tumor growth inhibition by tumor-specific Lyt-1+2-T cells. I.
      Antitumor effect of Lyt-1+2-T cells depends on the existence of adherent cells.
AB  - In the present study we establish an assay system of tumor growth inhibition with
      the use of a diffusion chamber and investigate the mechanism by which tumor
      specific Lyt-1+2-T cells exhibit their inhibiting effect on tumor cell growth.
      When a diffusion chamber containing X5563 plasmacytoma cells together with normal
      syngeneic C3H/HeN spleen cells was implanted in the peritoneal cavity of C3H/HeN
      mice, these tumor cells continued to proliferate at least 7 to 9 days. In
      contrast, spleen cells from C3H/HeN mice that had acquired X5563-specific
      immunity by intradermal (i.d.) inoculation of viable tumor cells, followed by
      surgical resection of the tumor, exhibited an appreciable inhibitory effect on
      the growth of X5563 tumor cells admixed in the chamber. This antitumor effect was
      mediated by Lyt-1+2-T cells and was tumor-specific, because the growth of X5563
      or another syngeneic MH134 hepatoma cells was inhibited by spleen cells from
      C3H/HeN mice immunized to the respective tumor cell types. Most important, these
      tumor-specific Lyt-1+2-T cells lost their antitumor activity by depleting an
      adherent cell population contained in spleen cells, indicating that adherent
      cells are required for the Lyt-1+2-T cell-mediated antitumor effect. This was
      substantiated by the fact that immune spleen cells depleted of adherent cells
      could regain their tumor-inhibiting effect when normal spleen cells were added
      back as an adherent cell source, or more directly by adding back a splenic or
      peritoneal resident adherent cell population. These results indicate that tumor
      specific Lyt-1+2-T cells mediate the tumor growth inhibition and that their
      antitumor effect depends on the coexistence of an adherent cell population.

PMID- 3874912
TI  - T cell locomotion in the tumor microenvironment. I. A collagen-matrix assay.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that lymphocytic infiltrates of different mouse
      mammary tumors contain different proportions of the T cell subsets Lyt-1+ and Lyt
      2+. These characteristic subset ratios may be established, at least in part, by
      differential locomotion of subsets in response to components of the tumor
      microenvironment, such as soluble chemotactic and chemokinetic factors, cell and
      stromal surfaces, oxygen tension, and pH. We describe a new in vitro assay for
      determining how such microenvironmental variables affect lymphocyte locomotion.
      Suspended lymph node cells, alone or mixed with other cell types, are sandwiched
      between two layers of type I collagen gel and bathed in culture medium. A halo of
      locomotory cells fans out around the flattened droplet. Locomotion requires
      energy and exogenous protein. After a 24-hr incubation at 37 degrees C, 10% CO2
      in air, the cell density of the halo is analyzed optically and the subset ratios
      are characterized by immunofluorescence staining of the gel sandwich. Under
      standard culture conditions, the locomotory population is enriched 12% in Thy-1+
      cells compared with the bulk population, and the ratio of Lyt-1+ to Lyt-2+ cells
      is significantly increased. Lymphocyte locomotion is inhibited by 1 microM PGE2,
      by decreased pH and oxygen tension, and by the presence of normal mammary cells
      or mammary adenocarcinoma cells. The Lyt-1+:2+ ratio in the locomotory population
      is not altered by PGE2 but is reduced by acidity and hypoxia. The ratio is also
      reduced by the presence of mammary cells and cells of one of the mammary
      adenocarcinoma cell lines tested (168) but not by two others (68H and 410). Our
      data support the hypothesis that the locomotion of T cell subsets is
      differentially responsive to the types of microenvironmental conditions that vary
      among tumors.

PMID- 3874913
TI  - The proliferation and function of human mononuclear leukocytes and natural killer
      cells in serum-free medium.
AB  - We recently developed a serum-free (SF) culture medium that supports the growth
      of several established lymphoid cell lines. In an effort to develop a
      standardized medium for assay of human natural killer (NK) cell activity, we
      compared the cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBL)
      and purified large granular lymphocytes (LGL) cultured in SF medium containing
      interleukin 2 (IL-2) or medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) plus IL-2.
      The results indicated that PBL had a 30% increase in cumulative net cell growth
      and had as high or higher cytotoxic activity after growth in SF medium than in
      medium containing FBS. Purified LGL had a 50% increase in cumulative net cell
      growth and persisted approximately 2 weeks longer in culture in medium containing
      FBS than in SF medium. However, the cytotoxic activity of cells grown in SF
      medium persisted during the initial 3 weeks of culture. Purified LGL that were
      maintained and were subcultured at cell densities of 10(6) cells or greater per
      milliliter of either SF or FBS-containing medium had equivalent levels of
      cytotoxicity over a 44-day period in either medium compared with cells
      subcultured at a density of 5 X 10(5) cells per milliliter of medium. NK cells
      produced a cytotoxic factor (NKCF) in SF medium, and its cytotoxic activity was
      blocked by 10% FBS. We conclude that the SF medium supplemented with IL-2 can be
      used as an alternative to FBS-containing medium with IL-2 for the growth of NK
      cells and is advantageous for the production of NKCF.

PMID- 3874914
TI  - Rapid generation of human T cell hybridomas.
AB  - Using the concept of a selectable surface marker we have generated screenable
      human T cell hybridomas within 4-7 days of fusion. OKT4+ T cell blasts were fused
      with MOLT4, an OKT4- T cell line, and OKT4+ fusion products were obtained by
      indirect rosetting technique. Supernatants of this heterogeneous population of
      hybrids were screened and those with activities of interest were subjected to
      cloning on soft agar and re-screening to dissect out various activities. Fusion
      efficiency, by staining, ranges from 6 to 80% depending on the state of
      activation of the T blasts and the growth phase of the MOLT4 line. This method
      allows for immortalization of T cell subpopulations, clones and malignant cells
      to study factor production and potentially messenger RNA for these factors.
      Additionally selectable surface markers may be used in human B cell and
      rodent:human fusions, avoiding the innate toxicity of various selection media.

PMID- 3874915
TI  - The effect of 8-methoxypsoralen plus long-wave ultraviolet (PUVA) radiation on
      mast cells: PUVA suppresses degranulation of mouse skin mast cells induced by
      compound 48/80 or concanavalin A.
AB  - In order to see whether 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) plus long-wave ultraviolet
      (UVA) radiation (PUVA) has an influence on immediate-type skin reactions, we have
      undertaken an animal study. Ears of mice were treated with a 0.5% 8-MOP solution
      topically plus UVA radiation (1.5-2.5 J/cm2). After PUVA radiation, skin
      responses to intradermal injection with mast cell liberators, including compound
      48/80 (2.5 mg/ml, 10 microliter) and concanavalin A (Con-A) (2.0 mg/ml), or with
      a mixture of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and histamine as vasodilator (1.0 mg/ml
      and 50 mM, respectively) were examined with time (2 h-14 days). At each time
      point, an ear swelling response (ESR) was measured with a dial thickness gauge.
      The rate of mast cell degranulation and mast cell numbers were assessed by light
      microscopy using toluidine blue-stained semithin (1 micron) sections. ESR induced
      by compound 48/80 or Con-A was significantly suppressed dose-dependently (greater
      than 42% inhibition) by PUVA between 2 h-3 days postirradiation as compared with
      that in nonirradiated control mice, and the value returned to normal levels by 7
      14 days. Compound 48/80- or Con-A-induced mast cell degranulation (%) was
      remarkably decreased between 2 h-3 days (greater than 48% inhibition) in
      accordance with the suppression in ESR and it was restored to the rates in
      nonirradiated controls by 7-14 days. Neither ESR nor percent degranulation was
      affected by UVA radiation only (less than 3.5 J/cm2) or application of 8-MOP
      only. 5-HT plus histamine-mediated ESR was not altered at all by PUVA throughout
      the experimental period. Since PUVA radiation itself at given doses did not
      produce measurable ESR, mast cell degranulation, or a reduction in mast cell
      numbers, and since PUVA did not affect a normal vascular response to vasodilator,
      it seemed that decreased skin reactivity to mast cell degranulators by PUVA might
      be due to a PUVA-induced noncytolytic alteration in mast cell release mechanisms.

PMID- 3874916
TI  - [Causes of recurrent symptoms after aortocoronary bypass surgery].

PMID- 3874917
TI  - [Evaluation of left ventricular function and coronary sinus blood flow during
      exercise after aortocoronary bypass surgery--influence of complete
      revascularization of the left coronary artery].

PMID- 3874918
TI  - [Experimental studies of biventricular bypass using the centrifugal blood pump].

PMID- 3874920
TI  - Thalidomide--effect on T cell subsets as a possible mechanism of action.
AB  - Thalidomide is the drug of choice in the erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) type of
      lepra reaction. Lately it has been used successfully in other diseases, such as
      discoid lupus erythematosus, actinic prurigo, Behcet's disease, etc. However, its
      mechanism of action remains unknown. In patients for whom thalidomide provided
      relief in their disorder, the proportions of T lymphocytes and their subsets in
      peripheral blood were assessed by means of monoclonal antibodies. Three
      lepromatous leprosy patients with ENL had their T helper populations
      significantly increased after thalidomide therapy. A 14-year-old girl with
      Behcet's syndrome showed a consistent decrease in Ia+ cells throughout her three
      month course of thalidomide therapy. The same findings were observed in two
      patients with the actinic prurigo type of polymorphous light eruption. From these
      results, we conclude that thalidomide may act as an immunomodulating agent on T
      cell subsets.

PMID- 3874919
TI  - [Myocardial protection on multibypass surgery in ischemic heart disease--the
      value of CK-MB measurement in time-interval].

PMID- 3874921
TI  - The Estes operation (transposition of one ovary to the uterine cavity): its
      results in the rabbit model.
AB  - Pregnancies have been reported after the Estes procedure (EP). These results have
      not been duplicated in modern attempts. The recent report of intrauterine
      fertilization in humans gives support to the feasibility of this procedure as a
      possible alternative to in vitro fertilization. An animal model is needed to
      evaluate the outcome of this operation. Consequently, 14 mature New Zealand white
      rabbits had one ovary placed in the uterine cavity after contralateral
      oophorectomy and bilateral salpingectomy. One month later, the animals were mated
      with a fertile buck. Fourteen to 16 days after that, the outcome was evaluated.
      Twenty-five to 75% of the ovarian surface was exposed to the uterine lumen, and
      no evidence of ovulation or implantation was found. The lack of pregnancies was
      attributed to an ovulatory dysfunction. Anovulation after the EP may also occur
      in the clinical situation, as suggested by one histologic study. The ovulatory
      function of these patients has not been characterized in the literature.
      Documentation of a successful intrauterine fertilization with delivery of a term
      baby supports the theoretical feasibility of the EP; however, anovulation
      incurred by our procedure appears to be the major drawback.

PMID- 3874922
TI  - Perilymph fistula. Four year experience with a new audiometric test.

PMID- 3874923
TI  - Program and abstracts for joint conference of the 17th International Leukocyte
      Culture Conference and 22nd national meeting of the Reticuloendothelial Society.
      Ithaca, New York, August 3-8, 1985.

PMID- 3874924
TI  - Changes in epidermal growth factor concentrations of submandibular gland, plasma
      and urine of normal and sialoadenectomized female mice during various
      reproductive stages.
AB  - The concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF) were measured by
      radioimmunoassay in the submandibular gland, plasma and urine of adult female
      C3H/HeN mice whilst virgin and during pregnancy, lactation and after lactation.
      During gestation there was a significant increase in the submandibular EGF
      concentration which was five to seven times higher than that found in virgin
      mice. The level of EGF in the gland remained high during the period of lactation
      and even several weeks after lactation. Plasma EGF levels were also increased
      during the periods of pregnancy, lactation and after lactation when compared with
      those of virgin mice. These increases were, however, apparent only between 24.00
      and 08.00 h, because of circadian variations in circulating EGF. The level of
      plasma EGF was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher during the 24.00-08.00 h
      period than during the 12.00-20.00 h period in all stages examined.
      Concentrations of EGF in the urine of virgin, pregnant, lactating and primiparous
      mice remained relatively constant, and the levels were much higher than those in
      the plasma. Similar studies using sialoadenectomized pregnant and lactating mice
      indicated that the plasma levels of EGF were below the level of sensitivity of
      the assay (less than 16.5 pmol/l (less than 0.1 ng/ml] even during the 24.00
      08.00 h period, whereas urinary EGF remained at high levels which were similar to
      those of normal pregnant and lactating mice. These results suggest that
      submandibular EGF contributes to the increase in plasma EGF which occurs after
      gestation, but is not the major source of the urinary EGF.

PMID- 3874925
TI  - Natural killer-mediated lysis of normal and malignant target cells, and its
      regulation by monocytes.
AB  - After depletion of monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells were partially purified
      from peripheral blood by Percoll density gradient sedimentation. The NK cells
      were then cultured for 1 d and assayed for their cytotoxicity against various
      types of normal and malignant target cells. All types of target cells tested were
      found to be susceptible to NK cells. The susceptible targets were autologous T
      and B lymphocytes, mitogen-induced T and B blasts, monocytes, large granular
      lymphocytes, autologous or allogeneic lymphoma and leukemia cells isolated from
      patients, and cultured cell lines, including those resistant to interferon
      activated lymphocytes. Such a broad spectrum of cytotoxicity was demonstrated in
      1 d of culture, and freshly prepared NK cells were not cytotoxic, or, if
      anything, were less cytotoxic. Monocytes and their supernatants, added throughout
      the course of culture, markedly inhibited the development of their cytotoxicity.
      These results may suggest that, although NK cells having ability to lyse
      autologous normal and malignant target cells are present in vivo, their lytic
      activity is regulated by coexisting monocytes.

PMID- 3874926
TI  - Interference by analgesic and antirheumatic drugs in 25 common laboratory assays.
AB  - Twenty five different analytical procedures, commonly used in clinical
      laboratories, were investigated for interference by eight analgesic and
      antirheumatic drugs. Ten of the investigated assays showed no statistically
      significant interference. Acetylsalicylic acid interfered in six assays (for
      glucose, uric acid, protein and cholesterol). Aminophenazone significantly
      decreased glucose, bilirubin and protein values, whereas caffeine affected four
      methods (for glucose, protein and iron). No definite influence of phenobarbital
      could be detected on any assay. Glucose, uric acid and iron values were altered
      in the presence of diclofenac. Indomethacin interfered in glucose, urea, uric
      acid and protein assays. Samples containing ibuprofen had altered creatinine,
      bilirubin and iron values, whereas ketoprofen interfered in glucose and iron
      determination.

PMID- 3874927
TI  - Evaluation and outcome of the dizzy patient.
AB  - One hundred twenty-one patients were identified who presented to an emergency
      room with the complaint of dizziness. Peripheral vestibular disease (24 percent
      of patients) was the most common cause of dizziness, but the cause remained
      unknown at follow-up after six months in 37 percent of the patients. The history
      and physical examination were sufficient for diagnosis in 83 percent of patients
      in whom a diagnosis could be made. Diagnostic tests, such as complete blood
      counts (four patients) and chest roentgenograms (four patients), provided crucial
      information in some cases. At the time of follow-up, 7 percent of patients had
      suffered either major morbidity or had died as a result of the cause of the index
      episode of dizziness. Patients with an initial diagnosis of anemia, stroke, or
      diabetes represented a high-risk (50 percent) group for a poor outcome. However,
      patients who were aged under 50 years or whose dizziness was due to peripheral
      vestibular disease, vasovagal or psychogenic cause, drugs, or infection formed a
      low-risk (2 percent) group.

PMID- 3874928
TI  - The effect of serum-factor induced resistance to somatic antibodies on the
      virulence of Haemophilus influenzae type b.
AB  - Studies on the pathogenesis of Haemophilus influenzae b infection have used
      bacteria grown in vitro which are relatively serum-sensitive (using serum devoid
      of anticapsular antibody) compared to organisms taken from infected hosts. We
      compared the virulence of relatively serum-sensitive and serum-factor induced
      serum-resistant H. influenzae b by inoculating rats with organisms having one or
      the other phenotype. The serum-resistant phenotype was more virulent following
      intraperitoneal or intravenous inoculation; however, there was no difference in
      the incidence of colonization or bacteraemia following intranasal inoculation.
      Furthermore, organisms colonizing the pharynx of rats had the serum-resistant
      phenotype. Thus, different phenotypes of the same strain of H. influenzae b
      differed in virulence following parenteral, but not intranasal, inoculation of
      bacteria. This could be explained by a change from serum-sensitive to serum
      resistant phenotype shortly after entering the nasopharynx. The phenotype of
      micro-organisms grown in vitro may differ from organisms in infected individuals
      and these differences may be of critical importance in studies of immunity to
      infection and the pathogenesis of infection.

PMID- 3874929
TI  - The effect of reduced neopterin on the synthesis of several methylated indoles in
      the pineal gland of adult male golden hamsters, kept under standardized
      conditions.
AB  - In the present study the effect was tested of reduced neopterin (RN) on the
      methylating capacity of the pineal gland of adult, male golden hamsters, housed
      under standardized conditions throughout the year. An effect of RN on the
      synthesis of a number of methylated compounds was, indeed, demonstrated. It is
      concluded that RN not only influences the indole metabolism by being the cofactor
      of tryptophan-hydroxylase, but that it might be involved in the regulation of
      other enzymes as well. Incubation with RN was most effective at the end of the
      light period. As this is also the time at which melatonin (aMT) injections cause
      gonadal atrophy in hamsters, kept under long photoperiod, this time of the day
      may be very important for aMT synthesis. A season-bound influence of RN was also
      demonstrated. The effect of RN was stimulatory in September, November and January
      for 5-methoxy-tryptamine (MT) and in November for 5-methoxytryptophan (MW)
      synthesis, but inhibitory in July. Furthermore, the effect of RN was stimulating
      for 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid (MA) and aMT in September, while the influence
      in the other months tested was absent or slightly inhibiting. These results
      suggest that the influence of RN in the pineal may be regulatory to various
      enzymes of the indole metabolism.

PMID- 3874930
TI  - Recombinant leukocyte A interferon in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: in
      vivo effects on autologous antitumor immunity.
AB  - Eight previously treated and four untreated patients with B cell chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) received 20 X 10(6) U/m2 recombinant leukocyte
      interferon clone A (rIFN-alpha A) intramuscularly three times a week for 8 weeks.
      None of the eight patients who had received prior chemotherapy exhibited
      objective evidence of tumor regression. Two of the four previously untreated
      patients responded with transient (90%) decreases in absolute lymphocyte counts
      lasting for 2 and 7 months. Toxicity was moderate, with all patients experiencing
      a flu-like syndrome requiring a 50% dose reduction. Half of the patients
      exhibited anorexia, weight loss, and a drop in performance status. The two
      responders had normal serum immunoglobulin levels prior to treatment, whereas 80%
      of non-responders had depressed levels. Treatment with rIFN-alpha A was
      associated with a depression of nonspecific and specific humoral immunity in
      assays employing cryopreserved autologous pretherapy CLL cells. No consistent
      effects were demonstrable in cytolytic assays with purified peripheral blood T
      cells as effector cells, including one that utilized autologous CLL target cells.
      rIFN-alpha A has limited antitumor activity in B cell CLL which is restricted to
      untreated patients with an early stage of disease. With the assays employed it
      was not possible to demonstrate that rIFN-alpha A could augment autologous
      antitumor immunity.

PMID- 3874931
TI  - New therapeutic approaches to low-grade B cell neoplasms.

PMID- 3874932
TI  - Comparison of intra-arterial cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II with high-dose
      methotrexate and citrovorum factor rescue in the treatment of primary
      osteosarcoma.
AB  - A randomized two-arm study was undertaken to determine relative tumoricidal
      effects of intra-arterial cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (I/A-CDP) and high-dose
      methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue (MTX-CF) in the treatment of the
      primary tumor in patients with osteosarcoma. Responses were evaluated by
      clinical, radiographic, angiographic, and pathologic parameters. Fifteen patients
      were randomized to receive MTX-CF and 15 to I/A-CDP. In the MTX-CF arm there were
      four responses (three complete responses, one partial response) whereas in the
      I/A CDP arm there were nine responses (seven complete responses, two partial
      responses). Two patients who failed MTX-CF and requested alternative treatment
      with I/A-CDP also responded. The total I/A-CDP response was 11/17.

PMID- 3874933
TI  - Specific antagonism of enteric neural serotonin receptors by dipeptides of 5
      hydroxytryptophan: evidence that serotonin is a mediator of slow synaptic
      excitation in the myenteric plexus.
AB  - Research on the role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in the function of
      the enteric nervous system has been impeded by the lack of specific inhibitors of
      the enteric neural actions of 5-HT. Saturable, reversible, high affinity enteric
      binding sites for 3H-5-HT have recently been characterized and
      radioautographically located. Affinity for the 3H-5-HT binding site requires an
      indole ring substituted with a free hydroxyl group. These 3H-5-HT binding sites
      have been proposed to be enteric neural 5-HT receptors. This hypothesis was
      tested in the current study by comparing the ability of compounds to inhibit the
      binding of 3H-5-HT with their electrophysiologically determined actions on
      myenteric neurons. 5-Methoxytryptamine did not inhibit the binding of 3H-5-HT to
      enteric membranes and neither mimicked nor antagonized the effects of 5-HT on the
      membrane potential of myenteric neurons. Two dipeptides of 5-hydroxytryptophan, N
      acetyl- and N-hexanoyl-5-hydroxytryptophyl-5-hydroxytryptophan amide (5-HTP-DP
      and N-hex-5-HTP-DP) inhibited the binding of 3H-5-HT (K1 = 0.25 microM for 5-HTP
      DP and 1.19 microM for N-hex-5-HTP-DP). 5-HTP-DP applied by pressure
      microejection or superfusion (10 microM) antagonized the slow postsynaptic
      depolarization of myenteric neurons evoked by microejection of 5-HT. 5-HTP-DP
      also blocked the 5-HT-induced presynaptic reduction in amplitude of nicotinic
      fast synaptic potentials; however, 5-HTP-DP itself did not affect these
      responses. Moreover, 5-HTP-DP also failed to affect responses of myenteric
      neurons to microejected substance P, their muscarinic response to acetylcholine,
      or antidromic action potentials. In contrast, both dipeptides blocked the slow
      synaptic potentials seen in type II/AH neurons following stimulation of fiber
      tracts in interganglionic connectives. These data support the hypotheses that
      enteric 3H-5-HT binding sites are enteric neural 5-HT receptors, that dipeptides
      of 5-hydroxytryptophan are specific antagonists at these receptors, and that 5-HT
      is one of the mediators of slow synaptic potentials in the myenteric plexus.

PMID- 3874934
TI  - Membrane physiology of retinal glial (Muller) cells.
AB  - Electrophysiological techniques were used to determine the ion selectivity
      properties and the spatial distribution of the membrane conductance of amphibian
      Muller cells. Membrane potential changes recorded during ion substitution
      experiments in frog (Rana pipiens) retinal slices demonstrated that the Muller
      cell K+:Na+ membrane permeability ratio is approximately 490:1 and that cell Cl-
      permeability is extremely low. In frog retinal slices, Muller cell input
      resistance was 8.5 megohms when measured in the inner plexiform layer and 4.8
      megohms when measured in the optic fiber layer. Intact, enzymatically dissociated
      salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) cells had an input resistance of 7.9 megohms,
      whereas cells lacking their endfoot process (removed by surgical microdissection
      or by shearing force) had a resistance of 152 megohms. Pressure ejection of a 100
      mM K+ solution near the proximal surface of the endfeet of dissociated salamander
      cells produced depolarizations 7 times greater than did ejections near the
      lateral face of the endfoot and 24 to 50 times greater than did ejections near
      other cell regions. Similar K+ ejection results were obtained from Muller cells
      in salamander and frog retinal slices. Taken together, these results demonstrate
      that in both the frog and the salamander, approximately 95% of the total membrane
      conductance of Muller cells is localized in the cell's endfoot process. In
      salamander, the specific membrane resistance of the endfoot membrane was
      estimated to be 32 ohm X cm2 whereas the specific resistance of the remainder of
      the cell was 7300 ohm X cm2. This remarkably nonuniform conductance distribution
      has important consequences for theories concerning K+ regulation in the retina
      and for mechanisms underlying electroretinogram generation.

PMID- 3874935
TI  - Preservation of hearing in patients undergoing excision of acoustic neuromas and
      other cerebellopontine angle tumors.
AB  - Microsurgical techniques have made it possible to identify and preserve the
      cochlear nerve from its origin at the brain stem and along its course through the
      internal auditory canal in patients undergoing removal of small or medium-sized
      acoustic neuromas or other cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors. In a consecutive
      series of 100 patients with such tumors operated on between 1975 and 1981, an
      attempt was made to preserve the cochlear nerve in 23. The decision to attempt to
      preserve hearing was based on tumor size and the degree of associated hearing
      loss. In cases of unilateral acoustic neuroma, the criteria for attempted
      preservation of hearing were tumor size (2.5 cm or less), speech reception
      threshold (50 dB or less), and speech discrimination score (60% or greater). In
      patients with bilateral acoustic neuromas or tumors of other types, the size and
      hearing criteria were significantly broadened. All patients were operated on
      through a suboccipital approach. Hearing was preserved postoperatively in six
      (31.6%) of the 19 patients with unilateral acoustic neuromas, although the
      cochlear nerve was preserved in 16. Of the six patients with postoperative
      hearing, three retained excellent hearing, and the other three had only sound
      awareness and poor discrimination. Hearing was preserved in three cases with
      other CPA tumors, including an epidermoid cyst and small petrous meningiomas in
      the internal auditory canal. Of the two cases with bilateral tumors, hearing was
      preserved in one. Of the 23 patients in whom hearing preservation was attempted,
      nine (39.1%) had some postoperative hearing, which in six was equal to or better
      than the preoperative level. Thus, it is worthwhile to attempt hearing
      preservation in selected patients with CPA tumors.

PMID- 3874936
TI  - Arteriovenous malformations of the lateral ventricle.
AB  - Nine cases with arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) predominantly involving the
      lateral ventricle are presented. All the AVM's were small, but caused
      intraventricular hemorrhage in eight cases. Only two patients had an
      intracerebral hemorrhage large enough to warrant evacuation. Eight patients were
      under the age of 40 years at the onset of their disease. Computerized tomography
      demonstrated intraventricular hemorrhage in eight patients, and after intravenous
      administration of contrast medium a small area of enhancement with dilated
      subependymal draining veins was seen in seven. The lateral ventricles were of
      normal size in seven cases, and only two patients required a shunting procedure.
      Angiography demonstrated that the lesion was an AVM in eight patients, and did
      not visualize the lesion in the ninth. One patient suffered a recurrent
      intraventricular hemorrhage when the AVM was demonstrated, although repeated
      angiography had failed to disclose a vascular lesion at his first
      intraventricular hemorrhage 14 months before. All nine lesions were resected by
      microsurgical techniques, and the results were excellent in eight patients. Of
      four caudate lesions, three were resected through a frontal transcortical
      approach and the other was operated on through an anterior transcallosal
      approach; the results were excellent in three of these patients. Only one (Case
      4) was left with neurological deficits; he had confusion and disorientation
      following a right frontal transcortical approach. Even in the dominant
      hemisphere, lesions in the head of the caudate nucleus could be safely resected
      by an anterior transcallosal approach. Two choroidal lesions located in the
      temporal horn and trigone on the dominant side were resected through a middle
      temporal gyrus approach, and three thalamic lesions through a posterior
      transcallosal approach, all with excellent results. In all cases the brain
      opening required was about the width of the retractor (maximum 2.0 cm, average
      1.5 cm).

PMID- 3874937
TI  - Effect of ascorbic acid nutriture on protein-bound hydroxyproline in guinea pig
      plasma.
AB  - This paper provides indirect evidence that ascorbate nutriture affects plasma
      concentrations of complement component C1q in the guinea pig. C1q is a protein
      with a hydroxyproline-rich region similar in structure to collagen. It is
      essential for complement-mediated lysis of pathogens and may also facilitate
      phagocytic activity of macrophages and neutrophils. Since C1q is the only
      hydroxyproline-containing protein in the euglobulin fraction of plasma, it can be
      quantified indirectly by precipitating this fraction, hydrolyzing it and
      estimating hydroxyproline colorimetrically. We investigated the effect of
      ascorbate nutriture on protein-bound hydroxyproline (PBH) in the euglobulin
      fraction of plasma of young male guinea pigs. The animals had been depleted of
      ascorbate for 3 wk to produce scurvy and then repleted (6 wk) as follows: 0.5,
      2.0 and 10.0 mg ascorbate/100 g body weight per d or 10 g ascorbate per liter of
      drinking water. PBH values were significantly correlated (P less than 0.001) with
      dietary ascorbate (+ 0.74) and with liver ascorbate (+ 0.75). Plasma PBH was
      significantly higher (P less than 0.01, Scheffe's test) in guinea pigs fed ample
      ascorbate (10.0 mg/100 g body weight per day) or tissue-saturating levels (10 g/L
      of drinking water) than in those fed adequate (2.0 mg/100 g body weight) or
      suboptimal (0.5 mg/100 g body weight) levels. These data are consistent with the
      known biochemical role of ascorbic acid in hydroxyproline biosynthesis and
      suggest a possible link between ascorbate and the immune response via C1q.

PMID- 3874938
TI  - The role of vitamin D metabolites in hypercalcemia of Zucker fa/fa rats.
AB  - In order to investigate mineral and vitamin D metabolism in obese rats with
      hyperinsulinemia, plasma calcium and vitamin D metabolites were measured in
      Zucker fa/fa rats. Body weight, plasma insulin, and calcium in fa/fa rats were
      significantly increased compared to their lean littermates (p less than 0.01).
      However, no significant difference in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), 24,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) or the ratio of
      1,25(OH)2D to 25(OH)D was observed between fa/fa rats and their lean littermates.
      The hypercalcemia in the rats with hyperinsulinemia, therefore, might be caused
      by other calcium-regulating hormones or some factors other than 1,25(OH)2D. In
      addition, the hyperinsulinemia associated with obesity may not produce the
      accelerated conversion from 25(OH)D into 1,25(OH)2D.

PMID- 3874939
TI  - Gelation of the heat-induced complex between kappa-casein and alpha-lactalbumin.
AB  - Whey is a by-product of the manufacture of cheese from milk. The usual practice
      is to dispose of it, the usage of whey being not sufficiently developed, though
      it contains proteins of excellent quality such as beta-lactoglobulin and alpha
      lactalbumin. Interaction between kappa-casein and whey protein was examined in
      order to form new food materials. Gelation of the heat-induced complex between
      kappa-casein and alpha-lactalbumin is described in this paper. alpha-Lactalbumin
      was easily separated from whey protein by the gel filtration technique on a
      Toyopearl HW-50 column at pH 6.0. Heat treatment facilitated the hydrolysis of a
      mixture of kappa-casein and alpha-lactalbumin by trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin and
      pronase. Heat treatment at above 75 degrees C and a protein level of over 5% were
      needed to form gel in 35 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.6, containing 0.4 M NaCl. The
      temperature was in agreement with that at which alpha-lactalbumin denatured and
      formed the complex with kappa-casein. Decrease of soluble protein concentration
      and increase of turbidity were induced with gelation. Gel was not formed when
      only kappa-casein or alpha-lactalbumin was heated under the appropriate
      conditions. It was considered that a kappa-casein-alpha-lactalbumin gel was
      formed from a complex of the two proteins by heat treatment. The breaking stress
      of kappa-casein-alpha-lactalbumin gel was less than that of kappa-casein-beta
      lactoglobulin gel. If the pH was reduced to 5.8 after complex formation by the
      two proteins, gel was formed at a low protein concentration compared with that
      with no alteration of pH.

PMID- 3874940
TI  - History of convulsions and use of pertussis vaccine.
AB  - Data on 2062 reports from the Monitoring System for Adverse Events Following
      Immunization, Centers for Disease Control (CDC), were analyzed to compare the
      risk of a personal or family history of convulsions in children who had a
      neurologic adverse event after receipt of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP)
      vaccine with those who had a nonneurologic adverse event. Children with a
      neurologic event after DTP vaccine had a 7.2 times higher risk for personal
      history of convulsions (95% confidence limits 4.5 to 11.5) and a 4.5 times higher
      risk for family history of convulsions (95% confidence limits 3.1 to 6.7) than
      did children with an adverse event that did not affect the nervous system.
      Children with either a febrile or nonfebrile convulsion after receipt of DTP were
      significantly more likely to have a personal history of convulsions than children
      with a nonneurologic adverse event (P less than 0.0001). Children with a febrile
      convulsion after receipt of DTP but not children with nonfebrile convulsions were
      significantly more likely to have a family history of convulsions than those with
      a nonneurologic adverse event. It is recommended that pertussis vaccination be
      deferred in children with a personal history of a convulsion until it can be
      determined that an evolving neurologic disorder is not present. If such disorders
      are found, these children should be given the combined pediatric diphtheria and
      tetanus toxoids (DT) vaccine to complete the series.

PMID- 3874941
TI  - Efficacy of an acellular pertussis vaccine in Japan.
AB  - To assess the efficacy of an acellular pertussis vaccine that has been used in
      Japan since 1981, 283 patients with pertussis were selected among patients with
      suspected pertussis seen at hospitals located around the Tokyo Metropolitan area
      from 1981 to 1983. The survey of secondary cases in household contacts showed
      that attack rates in children 0 to 6 years of age were 73.1% in unimmunized
      children, 15.0% in those fully immunized by whole-cell vaccines, and 15.4% in
      those given acellular vaccines. The efficacy of Japanese acellular pertussis
      vaccines was 79% and was not different from that of whole cell vaccines.

PMID- 3874942
TI  - Response of preterm infants to diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunizations.
AB  - To establish guidelines for the routine use of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis
      (DTP) vaccine in preterm infants, we quantitated antibody responses of preterm
      infants to DTP and determined the nature and extent of side effects. Twenty-five
      preterm infants were immunized with 0.5 ml DTP vaccine at routine intervals. Term
      infants served as controls. Immediately before each immunization and 2 months
      after the third, DTP-specific antibodies were quantitated. Clinical side effects
      were determined by parental report. After the second immunization, 100% of
      preterm infants had evidence of specific antibody production against diphtheria,
      tetanus, and pertussis. The incidence of side effects was low, but irritability
      was significantly more common in preterm infants after the second immunization.
      These observations suggest that the initiation of primary immunization with DTP
      in preterm infants need not be delayed beyond 2 months of age.

PMID- 3874944
TI  - Need for new strategies for an old, persistent disease.

PMID- 3874943
TI  - History of convulsions and use of pertussis vaccine.

PMID- 3874945
TI  - Inherited absence of OKT4 lymphocyte antigen in a chronically transfused patient
      with homozygous sickle cell disease.

PMID- 3874946
TI  - Relationship between fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin and colonization with Clostridium
      difficile in asymptomatic infants.

PMID- 3874947
TI  - Enteric protein loss in necrotizing enterocolitis as measured by fecal alpha 1
      antitrypsin excretion.

PMID- 3874948
TI  - Exchange transfusion for indomethacin-induced hemorrhagic complication in the
      neonate.

PMID- 3874949
TI  - Reliability and usefulness of random fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin concentration:
      further simplification of the method.
AB  - The reliability of random fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin (FA-1-AT) concentration has
      been evaluated by comparing FA-1-AT values on random specimens and on concomitant
      24-72 h fecal collections. In order to simplify the method, FA-1-AT data derived
      from lyophilized fecal samples were compared with those obtained from 37 degrees
      C heat-dried fecal samples. Random FA-1-AT concentration was assayed in 80
      children with various gastrointestinal illnesses and 36 healthy age-matched
      controls. There was a close relationship between FA-1-AT values obtained from
      random samples and 1-day or 3-day collections. There was also a significant
      relationship between FA-1-AT values derived from the two different ways of drying
      the stools. Mean FA-1-AT values were statistically different when compared to the
      controls in the following groups of disorders: untreated and after-gluten
      challenge celiac disease, post-enteritis syndrome, and cow's milk intolerance.
      The possible meanings of the abnormal FA-1-AT concentration in the various
      disorders are discussed. We conclude that FA-1-AT is a simple and reliable test
      for enteric protein loss. The simplification of the method proposed by us should
      reduce the cost of the test and moreover make it feasible in all laboratories.

PMID- 3874950
TI  - Allergenicity of whey protein: its modification by tryptic in vitro hydrolysis of
      the protein.
AB  - Enzymatic in vitro hydrolysis was evaluated as a possible treatment to abolish
      the allergenicity of whey proteins in view of their use in infant formulas.
      Guinea pigs without prior immunological contact (including fetal life) with cow's
      milk were fed various preparations of cow's milk proteins. Oral exposure to milk
      or untreated whey protein led to anaphylactic sensitization of the animals. In
      contrast, trypsin-hydrolyzed whey protein and a peptide preparation produced from
      the tryptic hydrolysate by ultrafiltration were devoid of sensitizing capacity by
      the oral route. The hydrolysate (crude or purified) was also ineffective in
      triggering local or systemic anaphylaxis in previously sensitized animals.

PMID- 3874951
TI  - Influence of epidermal growth factor on the maturation of the fetal mouse
      duodenum in organ culture.
AB  - The purpose of this work was to study the direct influence of epidermal growth
      factor (EGF) on the maturation of the fetal mouse duodenum in organ culture.
      Duodenal explants, resected at 17 days of gestation, were cultured during 48 h at
      37 degrees C in Leibovitz L-15 serum-free medium alone or supplemented with EGF
      (100 ng/ml). Differentiation of absorptive cells was evaluated by measuring brush
      border hydrolytic activities. After 48 h of culture with and without EGF, villous
      architecture and the fine structural characteristics of the tissues are
      preserved. In control explants, the level of alkaline phosphatase, maltase,
      trehalase, and sucrase activities as well as the protein and DNA contents remain
      comparable to the values measured in 17-day explants at the beginning of the
      culture period, while lactase activity falls drastically. In explants cultured
      with EGF, the level of alkaline phosphatase, maltase, and trehalase activities
      and the protein contents significantly increase while sucrase activity and DNA
      contents are unchanged, and lactase activity remains under the onset level. From
      these results, it was concluded that EGF influences directly the maturation of
      some brush border enzymes in the duodenum during the fetal period.

PMID- 3874952
TI  - Biochemical investigation of the basis for the genetic N-acetylation polymorphism
      in the inbred hamster.
AB  - Cytosolic acetyl coenzyme A-dependent N-acetyltransferase enzyme (E.C. 2.3.1.5)
      from inbred hamsters of each acetylator genotype was partially purified by ion
      exchange chromatography. Two distinct N-acetyltransferase enzymes were
      identified; the first one exhibited a polymorphic expression across acetylator
      genotypes whereas the second exhibited a monomorphic expression. The monomorphic
      enzyme had consistently high isoniazid and procainamide N-acetyltransferase
      activity in homozygous rapid acetylator (Bio. 87.20), homozygous slow acetylator
      (Bio. 82.73/H), obligate heterozygous rapid acetylator F1 progeny and in each of
      the three acetylator genotypes of F2 progeny. In contrast, the polymorphic enzyme
      exhibited marked acetylator genotype-dependent N-acetyltransferase activity. High
      p-aminobenzoic acid N-acetyltransferase activity was exhibited in the homozygous
      rapid acetylator parental and F2 generation progeny, intermediate activity was
      exhibited in the heterozygous rapid acetylator F1 and F2 generation progeny and
      very low or nondetectable activity was exhibited in homozygous slow acetylator
      parental and F2 generation progeny. A similar gene dose-response relationship was
      exhibited by the polymorphic N-acetyltransferase enzyme toward isoniazid and
      procainamide. These results provide new insight into the biochemical basis for
      the substrate-dependent polymorphic and monomorphic expression of N-acetylation
      capacity in the inbred hamster.

PMID- 3874953
TI  - Stepwise shortening in unstimulated frog skeletal muscle fibres.
AB  - We investigated the dynamics of sarcomere length change during imposed stretches
      and releases of unstimulated single fibres of frog skeletal muscle. Three
      independent methods were used: an on-line method in which sarcomere length is
      computed from the striation pattern; laser diffraction; and a segment length
      tracking device. During steady ramp releases and stretches, both sarcomere and
      segment length changes occurred in stepwise fashion; i.e. periods of pause were
      interspersed between periods of rapid shortening. The above result indicates that
      activation of the fibre is not required to elicit stepwise length changes.
      Increasing the ramp velocity caused the steps to increase in size and the pauses
      to decrease in duration. Ramp releases and stretches were imposed at each of
      several initial sarcomere lengths up to 4.0 microns. Stepwise length changes were
      observed at all lengths, and their size was independent of initial sarcomere
      length. The observation of stepwise length changes beyond overlap indicates that
      the underlying mechanism probably does not lie in synchronous action of cross
      bridges; an alternative hypothesis is advanced.

PMID- 3874954
TI  - The physiological effects of hydrostatic pressure are not equivalent to those of
      helium pressure on Rana pipiens.
AB  - The effects of helium pressure and hydrostatic pressure on Rana pipiens were
      compared. Both agents caused paralysis at pressures greater than 135 atmospheres
      (1 atm = 101.325 kPa), but the median pressure for hydrostatic-pressure-induced
      paralysis was 35 atm less than that for helium pressure. When the ability of both
      pressurizing agents to reverse urethane-induced anaesthesia was compared, it was
      found that hydrostatic pressure raised the median dose for anaesthesia 2.2-fold
      more per atmosphere than did helium pressure. Animals that were lightly
      anaesthetized by urethane at 110 atm hydrostatic pressure became more deeply
      anaesthetized when helium was admitted isobarically into the pressure chamber.
      This difference in depth of anaesthesia between hydrostatic pressure and helium
      pressure is consistent with helium possessing an inherent anaesthetic effect. The
      abilities of other gases to pressure-reverse urethane anaesthesia were also
      determined. The degree of attenuation of the full pressure reversal effect
      observed with hydrostatic pressure was proportional to the lipid solubility of
      the gases, increasing in the order helium, neon, hydrogen, nitrogen and argon.
      Our data on the difference between hydrostatic and helium pressure are consistent
      with the critical volume hypothesis.

PMID- 3874955
TI  - Effect of excitatory amino acids on gamma-aminobutyric acid release from frog
      horizontal cells.
AB  - The effects of excitatory amino acids, analogues and K on [3H]gamma-aminobutyric
      acid [3H]GABA) release from horizontal cells of the isolated superfused frog
      retina were studied. Exposure of the retina to medium containing high
      concentrations (25-100 mM) of KCl increased the release of [3H]GABA to a maximum
      which was 40 times the spontaneous resting release. The K-evoked release of
      [3H]GABA was almost abolished in high-Mg/low-Ca medium. Glutamate, aspartate,
      kainate and quisqualate also stimulated the release of [3H]GABA from horizontal
      cells, the maximum evoked release being similar to that produced by KCl. The
      release of [3H]GABA evoked by glutamate, aspartate, kainate and quisqualate was
      abolished in high-Mg/low-Ca medium and by Na-free medium. The evoked releases of
      [3H]GABA were not reduced by tetrodotoxin. N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) at
      concentrations up to 10 mM had virtually no effect on [3H]GABA release from
      horizontal cells. In Mg-free medium, NMDA stimulated [3H]GABA release, but the
      maximum release was only 10% of that produced by other agonists. Mg-free medium
      did not significantly affect the evoked release of [3H]GABA by other agonists.
      NMDA apparently possessed affinity for the kainate receptor, because in normal
      medium it antagonized the effects of kainate but not glutamate, aspartate or
      quisqualate. The non-selective antagonist of excitatory amino acids, (+/-)-cis
      2,3-piperidine dicarboxylic acid (PDA) antagonized the action of glutamate,
      aspartate, kainate and quisqualate on horizontal cell [3H]GABA release. D(-)-2
      Amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB) and D-gamma-glutamylglycine (D-gamma-GG)
      antagonized the actions of kainate on horizontal cell [3H]GABA release at
      concentrations which had little affect on quisqualate-evoked responses.
      Approximate estimates of pA2 values (Schild, 1947) showed that the specificity
      and potency of the antagonists was low. Nevertheless, the retinal 'non-NMDA'
      receptors can probably be subdivided into kainate and quisqualate types.
      Glutamate diethylester (GDEE) did not affect the action of any agonist. We
      conclude that glutamate (and aspartate) probably stimulate the release of
      [3H]GABA from frog horizontal cells by activating receptors of the non-NMDA type.
      This activation may trigger the opening of tetrodotoxin-insensitive Na channels,
      resulting in the depolarization of the cell membrane and an increase in the
      conductance of voltage-sensitive Ca-channels. An influx of Ca ions would then
      trigger the release of [3H]GABA. Our results are not consistent with previous
      suggestions that GABA release from horizontal cells involves an outwardly
      directed transport process.

PMID- 3874956
TI  - Influence of divalent cations on the phospholipase-independent action of beta
      bungarotoxin at frog neuromuscular junctions.
AB  - The influence of different divalent cations on the phospholipase-independent
      inhibition of transmitter release caused by beta-bungarotoxin (beta-BuTx), has
      been investigated by measuring the frequency of spontaneous miniature end-plate
      potentials (m.e.p.p.s) at frog neuromuscular junctions. After adding the toxin to
      normal calcium Ringer solution the m.e.p.p. frequency fell quickly to very low
      values. This was followed by an increase in frequency characterized by bursts of
      m.e.p.p.s. The temperature had a negligible effect on the speed of the first
      inhibition. In Ringer solutions where calcium had been substituted by other
      divalent cations (5 mM) in the presence of ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta
      aminoethylether)N, N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA, 1 mM), this beta-BuTx-induced
      decrease in m.e.p.p. frequency was markedly slower. The potency of cations in
      promoting the initial phase of toxin action was in the sequence: calcium greater
      than magnesium greater than strontium congruent to cobalt greater than manganese.
      This phospholipase-independent inhibition of transmitter release followed
      approximately first-order kinetics, suggesting that it depends mainly on toxin
      concentration. In the absence of any divalent cations in the Ringer solution beta
      BuTx had practically no effect on m.e.p.p. frequency. It appears that beta-BuTx
      requires divalent cations in order to bind to motor nerve terminals and exert its
      initial inhibitory action on spontaneous release of transmitter quanta.

PMID- 3874957
TI  - Lack of nicotinic supersensitivity in frog sympathetic neurones following
      denervation.
AB  - The sensitivity of bull-frog sympathetic neurones to nicotinic, cholinergic
      agonists has been studied in both normal (control) and surgically denervated
      ganglia. Using gross extracellular recording, the sensitivity to acetylcholine
      (ACh) increased 18-fold following denervation, while that to carbachol (CCh) was
      unchanged. Normal ganglia showed a similar sensitivity increase after inhibition
      of cholinesterase. This suggests that the rise in ACh sensitivity is due to
      reduced cholinesterase activity, not to true supersensitivity. There was no
      significant difference in resting membrane potential or input resistance between
      normal and denervated neurones. Neurones denervated for 7-50 days showed no
      significant change in sensitivity to ACh or CCh applied iontophoretically at a
      distance of 10 micron from the cell surface. In control ganglia, localized
      iontophoretic application of ACh revealed an uneven distribution of sensitivity
      which is attributed to the localization of receptors to synaptic areas. Fourteen
      days after denervation, the geometric mean sensitivity to focally applied ACh was
      not significantly different from that found in control ganglia. The variation in
      sensitivity to focally applied ACh at randomly chosen sites on denervated
      neurones was as great as that found in control ganglia. It is concluded that
      denervation does not cause frog sympathetic neurones to become supersensitive to
      ACh. The apparent increase in nicotinic ACh sensitivity observed using
      extracellular recording from whole ganglia is due not to a change in the number
      or distribution of ACh receptors, but to a decrease in cholinesterase activity.

PMID- 3874958
TI  - Maternal immunoregulation: interrelationship between alloreactive and anti-self
      plus conventional antigen T sets of cells.
AB  - In a previous paper we reported early immunoregulatory mechanisms involving not
      only the appearance of progressive suppression but also significant increases in
      alloreactive T levels in paraaortic lymph nodes (PALN) and spleen, not only in
      allogeneic but also in syngeneic pregnancies. Taking into account the hypothesis
      of the superposition of the alloreactive and the anti-self plus conventional
      antigens T sets of cells, we investigated whether immunization with conventional
      antigens was able to alter alloreactive T levels. Weekly i.p. doses of rabbit red
      bloods cells (RRBC) in BALB/c mice resulted in a dose-dependent increase in
      spleen alloreactivity as determined by graft-versus-host (GvH) assays in strain
      combinations differing at H-2 level but not in those sharing the same H-2 with
      BALB/c. The increases could be significantly decreased by an anti-idiotype anti
      RRBC serum. Pretreatment with i.p. weekly doses of sheep red blood cells (SRBC)
      before mating was able to induce dose-dependent fetal damage when the parents
      differed at the H-2 level. SRBC immunization in one of the uterine horns induced
      increases in PALN weight which were much higher in progesterone-pseudopregnant
      than in virgin mice; T alloreactivity was significantly increased in the draining
      PALN only in pseudopregnant females. These results favour the postulation of the
      superposition between the alloreactive and the anti-self plus conventional
      antigens T sets of cells and suggest a possible role for conventional fetal
      antigens (non H-2) in triggering immunoregulatory mechanisms operating in
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3874959
TI  - Laboratory identification of sexually transmitted diseases.
AB  - Laboratory methods are used for the rapid identification of nine sexually
      transmitted diseases. Some problems are inherent in those methods. Alternate
      approaches can be used in the laboratory.

PMID- 3874961
TI  - Improved synthesis of 2'-deoxyformycin A and studies of its in vitro activity
      against mouse lymphoma of T-cell origin.
AB  - 7-Amino-3-(2'-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine (2'
      deoxyformycin A) was synthesized from formycin A by a sequence consisting of (i)
      3',5'-cyclosilylation with 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane, (ii) 2'
      acylation with phenoxythiocarbonyl chloride and 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine,
      (iii) N-trimethylsilylation with hexamethyldisilazane, (iv) reduction of the 2'-O
      phenoxythiocarbonyl group with tri-n-butyltin hydride, and (v) desilylation with
      tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride. 2'-Deoxyformycin A was a potent inhibitor of the
      in vitro growth of S49 lymphoma, a murine tumor of T-cell origin. The IC50 of 2'
      deoxyformycin A against S49 cells was 10-15 microM, whereas that of 2'
      deoxyadenosine (dAdo) under the same conditions (72-h incubation in medium
      containing heat-inactivated horse serum) was 180 microM. In the presence of 10
      microM erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA) to block intracellular
      adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity, 2'-deoxyformycin A and dAdo both gave IC50's
      of 5-10 microM. When assayed against a mutant S49 subline lacking adenosine
      kinase (AK) or a subline with a combined deletion of AK and deoxycytidine kinase
      (dCK), 2'-deoxyformycin A in combination with 10 microM EHNA was inactive at
      concentrations of up to 50 microM. Similar lack of activity against kinase
      deficient cells was shown by formycin A. Thus, phosphorylation of 2'
      deoxyformycin A appears to be required for biological activity and is probably
      catalyzed by AK rather than dCK. 2'-Deoxyformycin A and related 2'-deoxyribo-C
      nucleoside analogues of the purine type may be of interest as potential T-cell
      specific cytotoxic agents.

PMID- 3874960
TI  - Massive gastrointestinal bleeding in Crohn's disease.
AB  - Massive gastrointestinal bleeding is rare in Crohn's disease. Three young adult
      patients are reported in whom the diagnosis of Crohn's disease was made following
      investigation for life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding.

PMID- 3874962
TI  - Inhibition of muscarinic receptor binding and acetylcholine-induced contraction
      of guinea pig ileum by analogues of 5'-(isobutylthio)adenosine.
AB  - (Isobutylthio)adenosine (SIBA, 1) and its derivatives have been shown to produce
      a variety of biological effects on the basis of the hypothesis that such agents
      act directly as inhibitors of transmethylation reactions, as inhibitors of S
      adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, or as inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. We
      report here the ability of selected analogues of SIBA to inhibit the binding of
      the muscarinic antagonist quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) to cultured N4TG1
      neuroblastoma cells and to antagonize the acetylcholine-induced contraction of
      guinea pig ileum. The most potent inhibitors were 5'-deoxy-5'-(isobutylthio)-1
      deazaadenosine (1-deaza-SIBA, 5) and 5'-deoxy-5'-(isobutylthio)-3-deazaadenosine
      (3-deaza SIBA, 3), while the parent nucleoside SIBA and the carbocyclic
      derivative 5'-(isobutylthio)-3-deazaaristeromycin were less active. The same
      agents had no effect on the nicotinic receptors of NG108-15 neuroblastoma X
      glioma hybrid cells. The acyclic derivative 9-[[2
      (isobutylthio)ethoxy]methyl]adenine, 3-deazaadenosine, 5'
      (isobutylthio)tubercidin, and 5'-(isobutylamino)adenosine were inactive at the 1
      mM level. These results suggest that SIBA and 3-deaza-SIBA may have profound
      effect on membrane-mediated phenomenon, including inhibition of muscarinic
      receptor binding.

PMID- 3874963
TI  - Metabolism of the nigrostriatal toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridine by liver homogenate fractions.
AB  - The metabolic fate of the nigrostriatal toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) has been examined in rat and rabbit liver mitochondrial
      and rabbit liver microsomal preparations. The mitochondrial preparations rapidly
      oxidized MPTP, in a pargyline-sensitive reaction, to a polar material that was
      shown to contain the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium species as the principal
      product. NADPH-supplemented microsomal preparations converted MPTP to two
      principal products: 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and 1-methyl-4-phenyl
      1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine N-oxide. Carbon monoxide and SKF 525A selectively
      inhibited the oxidation of MPTP to the nor compound, indicating that this N
      demethylation reaction is cytochrome P-450 catalyzed. Attempts to trap possible
      unstable iminium metabolites of MPTP in microsomal incubation mixtures with
      sodium cyanide led to the isolation of a monocyano adduct that proved to be the N
      cyanomethyl derivative. Thus, hepatic mitochondrial and microsomal enzyme systems
      catalyze the oxidation of MPTP by different pathways, the former leading to the
      generation of species that may possess neurotoxic properties.

PMID- 3874964
TI  - Evolution of Australian isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus:
      a problem of plasmid incompatibility?
AB  - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), currently causing problems in
      Australian hospitals, have chromosomal penicillinase and carry a new family of
      incompatibility group I (IncI) plasmids that encode resistance to nucleic acid
      binding compounds (NAB). These plasmids may carry additional determinants for
      penicillinase production and resistance to gentamicin and trimethoprim. By
      comparison, earlier MRSA isolates from Australia were NAB-sensitive and the
      penicillinase determinants were carried on IncI plasmids. The possibility that
      these newer MRSA isolates have the same 'clonal' origin as other MRSA isolates
      has been investigated. Forcible maintenance of IncI penicillinase plasmids and
      NAC-resistance plasmids in the same cells resulted in various recombination
      events. Similar recombination events to those generated in the laboratory have
      been found in MRSA isolates.

PMID- 3874965
TI  - Regulatory functions of T- and accessory-cells for hepatitis B surface antigen
      induced specific antibody production and proliferation of human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes, in vitro.
AB  - In vitro assays for lymphocyte proliferation and production of specific
      antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) are described. Peripheral B
      cells from healthy donors with acquired immunity after infection with hepatitis B
      virus (HBV) were activated by purified HBsAg at low concentrations (approximately
      2.5 ng/ml), into plasma cell differentiation and maturation to specific
      immunoglobulin (anti-HBs) secretion. This process was dependent upon and strictly
      regulated by T-cells and anti-HBs secretion of IgG class was registered at T/B
      ratios less than or equal to 4.0. Higher T/B ratios provoked secretion of large
      amounts of total IgM but no specific antibodies. Maximal DNA-synthesis was
      induced in purified T-cells or the total peripheral blood lymphocyte population
      from HBV-immune donors at higher concentrations of HBsAg (7-15 ng/ml and 60-125
      ng/ml respectively). Proliferation was dependent upon and regulated by monocytic
      cells. Ten percent of autologous monocytic cells within the cell cultures was
      optimal, while excessive amounts effectively suppressed the proliferative
      response. DNA-synthesis was low and extremely shortlived and the induction phase
      to maximal proliferation for different HBV immune donors varied between 5-8 days
      in culture.

PMID- 3874966
TI  - Association of anti-centromere and anti-Scl 70 antibodies in scleroderma. Report
      of two cases.
AB  - In testing for antinuclear antibodies the sera of 121 patients affected with
      scleroderma, we found in 2 of them the concurrent presence of anti-centromere and
      anti-Scl 70 antibodies. Since the association of these antibodies has never been
      reported, to the best of our knowledge, we report the clinical and serological
      features of the 2 patients. Both subjects were women with an incomplete CREST
      syndrome (RST), a relatively limited involvement of the skin, a mild pulmonary
      fibrosis without apparent signs of other visceral involvement. On the other hand,
      the clinical course of the disease was different in the 2 cases. One patient had
      a longer disease duration and up to date the clinical features appear to be
      unchanged; the other had a shorter disease duration, when suddenly she died of
      cardiac arrest.

PMID- 3874968
TI  - Secondary structure of the alpha-amylase polypeptide inhibitor tendamistat from
      Streptomyces tendae determined in solution by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - Complete sequence-specific 1H nuclear magnetic resonance assignments were
      obtained for the backbone hydrogen atoms in Tendamistat, a protein with 74
      residues. From NOESY observation of 1H-1H short distance constraints,
      measurements of the spin-spin couplings 3JHN alpha and a qualitative
      identification of slowly exchanging amide protons, two antiparallel beta-sheets
      containing three and four strands, respectively, were identified. The peptide
      segments outside the beta-sheets do not form regular secondary structure.
      Preliminary data were obtained on the relative spatial arrangements of the two
      beta-sheets.

PMID- 3874967
TI  - Immunoglobulin G antibody bound to the C1q subcomponent of human complement
      exhibits segmental flexibility.
AB  - The rotational dynamics of rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-dansyl antibodies
      bound to the C1q subcomponent of human complement were studied by nanosecond
      fluorescence spectroscopy. Deconvoluted anisotropy decays of IgG-C1q mixtures
      were fitted to a two-exponential expression and were corrected for the effects of
      unbound IgG, which was determined with an analytical ultracentrifuge. Compared
      with the anisotropy parameters for free IgG, the pre-exponential weighting
      factors and the short correlation time of the C1q-bound antibody were nearly
      unchanged, and the long correlation time increased by only about 45 nanoseconds.
      These results, together with rotational diffusion calculations, indicate that the
      Fab arms of the C1q-bound antibody exhibited considerable flexibility. This
      finding may have biological relevance because it suggests that C1q can bind to
      the Fc segments of IgG molecules anchored in an immune complex, even though the
      angles between the two Fab arms of the different antibodies may vary. The results
      of this study also support our earlier interpretation that both the short and
      long correlation times of IgG principally represent flexible motions of the Fab
      segments.

PMID- 3874969
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis: guidelines for vaccine
      prophylaxis and other preventive measures.

PMID- 3874971
TI  - Single-dose therapy for cystitis in women.

PMID- 3874970
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis: guidelines for vaccine
      prophylaxis and other preventive measures.

PMID- 3874972
TI  - A computerized summary medical record system can provide more information than
      the standard medical record.
AB  - We assessed the ability of a computerized outpatient medical record (MR) system,
      the Summary Time-Oriented Record (STOR), to communicate information to clinicians
      in two randomized single-blind studies. In the first study, physicians were
      better able to predict their patients' future symptom changes and laboratory test
      results from outpatient visits to an arthritis clinic when STOR was added to the
      standard MR than when the standard MR was used alone. In a separate study, the
      removal of the standard MR did not result in important decrease in the
      physicians' ability to predict their patients' symptoms and laboratory test
      results if they had the option of using the full paper record when they thought
      they needed it. In 134 (26%) of 514 visits, the physicians exercised this option.
      We conclude that for outpatient visits, the computerized record system STOR
      operationally added information to that supplied by the full paper MR. This
      improved flow of information could improve the clinical decision process.

PMID- 3874973
TI  - [Effect of plasma factor on lymphocyte surface markers].

PMID- 3874975
TI  - [Oligodendrogliomas--report of four rare cases].

PMID- 3874974
TI  - Evidence of bone resorption-stimulating factor in adult T-cell leukemia.
AB  - Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is known to be frequently accompanied by
      hypercalcemia, but the mechanisms responsible for hypercalcemia in this disorder
      are not fully understood. We have recently experienced two male patients (25 and
      36 yr old) with ATL diagnosed from typical leukemic cells with grooved and folded
      nucleus, surface marker, anti-ATLA antibody etc. Serum calcium levels of these
      patients were 16.4 and 21.4 mg/dl, respectively, with no radiological evidence of
      bone destruction. Peripheral blood leukemic lymphocytes from these patients were
      purified by the Ficoll-Hypaque method and cultured at a concentration of 1.5 X
      10(6) cells/ml for 3 days on F-10 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum.
      The supernatant fluids from the cell cultures were bioassayed for bone resorption
      stimulating activity (BRSA) by an assay based on the release of 45Ca from
      prelabeled fetal mouse forearm bones in organ culture according to Raisz's
      method. The supernatant fluid of cultures from both patients which showed marked
      BRSA was nondialyzable through a dialysis membrane with a molecular weight cutoff
      of 3500. Parathyroid hormone and prostaglandins were not detectable in the
      supernatant fluids of the leukemic cell cultures. In one patient, BRSA was
      measured twice and found to be decreased to a normal level when the patient was
      in hematological remission with a normal calcium level (8.3 mg/dl). These results
      suggest that the hypercalcemia observed in patients with ATL is due, in part, to
      a bone resorption-stimulating factor which is produced by leukemic T-cell
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 3874977
TI  - [Cerebellopontine angle epidermoid showing a positive enhancement upon
      metrizamide CT cisternography].

PMID- 3874978
TI  - [Study of T cell subsets in various forms of renal disease in childhood].

PMID- 3874976
TI  - [Vasoconstrictive effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha in mesenteric angiography-
      diagnostic and therapeutic values].

PMID- 3874979
TI  - [Statistical noise with the weighted backprojection method for single photon
      emission computed tomography].

PMID- 3874980
TI  - [N-13 ammonia myocardial positron computed tomography--(3) Evaluation of coronary
      artery disease by stress imaging].

PMID- 3874982
TI  - [Experimental study for tumor detection using 18F-2-fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose:
      imaging of rabbit VX2-tumor with single photon gamma camera].

PMID- 3874981
TI  - [Quantification of wall motion and phase of contraction in tomographic gated
      blood pool studies using length-based Fourier analysis].

PMID- 3874983
TI  - [A study of regional cerebral blood flow imaging using N-isopropyl-p-(I-123)
      iodoamphetamine (IMP)].

PMID- 3874984
TI  - [Therapeutic agents used in the treatment of shock (2). Chemical agents used for
      metabolic improvement].

PMID- 3874987
TI  - [Advantages in the introduction of POS].

PMID- 3874985
TI  - B cell malignant lymphoma in a patient with progressive systemic sclerosis and
      Sjogren's syndrome. Report of a case and review of the literature.
AB  - We report a patient with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) and Sjogren's
      syndrome (SS) who developed B cell malignant lymphoma 11 and 10 years after the
      onset of signs of PSS and SS, respectively. As her lymphoma developed,
      autoantibodies such as rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibody disappeared
      from the serum, the lupus erythematosus test yielded negative results and her
      immunoglobulin levels declined. A good response to chemotherapy was obtained but
      she died of acute interstitial pneumonitis. Postmortem examination revealed
      marked diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs.

PMID- 3874986
TI  - Regulation of B lymphocyte differentiation.

PMID- 3874988
TI  - [Cytotoxic effect of the lymphocytes in ischemic heart disease].
AB  - Coronary patients were shown to have a pool of sensitized killer T cells that
      produce a cytotoxic effect on target cells loaded with infarcted and intact
      myocardial antigens and on actomyosin proteins, and evidence of delayed
      hypersensitivity developing in association with coronary disease. Two kinds of
      immune shifts were identified with respect to the time of onset of this effect in
      acute myocardial infarction: in the first case, the appropriate level was
      exceeded within 2-3 weeks of the disease, and in the second case, within the
      first days in hospital. The disease tended to take a more severe course in
      patients with the second type of immune response.

PMID- 3874989
TI  - Effects of mesangial localization of polyvinyl alcohols on glomerular basement
      membrane thickness.
AB  - We studied the effects of mesangial localization of polyvinyl alcohols (PVA) on
      glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness in inbred Lewis rats. To avoid
      possible influences of PVA redistribution after localization in liver, lung, and
      other organs, the kidneys of rats given PVA were transplanted into
      uninephrectomized normal rats. Normal kidneys transplanted into normal rats
      served as a control. GBM thickness at the time of transplantation was the same in
      PVA kidneys as in normal kidneys. However, by 18 weeks post-transplant GBM
      thickness was greater in PVA kidneys, and this increase was sustained at 30
      weeks. Within the glomeruli of PVA kidneys, lobules with marked mesangial PVA
      accumulation had more marked GBM thickening than lobules with little or no PVA
      accumulation. It is concluded that changes within the mesangium can influence GBM
      thickness. Whether this represents a direct effect of mesangial architectural
      distortion, a consequence of local phlogistic activities such as the influx of
      macrophages into the mesangium of glomeruli with PVA localization, or the result
      of intraglomerular hemodynamic perturbations is unclear.

PMID- 3874990
TI  - [Complicated forms of cancer of the large intestine].

PMID- 3874991
TI  - [Malignant leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum as the cause of recurrent profuse
      hemorrhage].

PMID- 3874992
TI  - [Multiple lymphosarcoma of the small intestine as the cause of profuse intestinal
      hemorrhage].

PMID- 3874993
TI  - [Changes in the immunological status related to operation and anesthesia in
      children].

PMID- 3874994
TI  - [Histopathology of perforating eye injuries].
AB  - Perforating eye injuries endanger the eye due to the loss of internal structures;
      hypertonia; the proliferation of vascular tissue, glia, and epithelium;
      hemorrhages, and inflammations. This is illustrated with histologic pictures.

PMID- 3874995
TI  - [Corneal endothelium variants in the area of corneal changes].
AB  - Contact specular microscopy of the corneal endothelium and subsequent image
      analysis permit investigations of corneal endothelium reactions after
      circumscribed corneal damage. The extent and development of an endothelial
      process can thus be estimated.

PMID- 3874996
TI  - Diabetes and pregnancy in South Carolina.

PMID- 3874997
TI  - A correlative study of the binding of dexamethasone in hypothalamic blocks in
      vitro with its ability to inhibit the release of bioactive corticotrophin
      releasing factor.
AB  - Rat hypothalamic blocks incubated in vitro were used to study the characteristics
      of binding of [3H]dexamethasone and other steroids to cytosolic binding sites.
      Cytosols prepared following incubation of the tissue with [3H]dexamethasone for 2
      h contained specifically bound steroid in amounts that depended upon the
      concentration of potassium (but not sodium) ions in the extracting buffer. There
      was an increase in bound [3H]dexamethasone extracted as the potassium ion
      concentration increased up to 0.1 M, but not beyond. Dexamethasone, when added to
      hypothalami in vitro caused a biphasic inhibition of bioactive corticotrophin
      releasing factor (CRF) release, and the extent of the second phase of inhibition
      was dose-related. 11-Epicortisol, when added in a 100-fold molar excess over
      dexamethasone was able to prevent the second phase of inhibition caused by the
      latter steroid, as in the binding studies it was able to cause a 50% reduction in
      the binding of [3H]dexamethasone. In the functional studies it was shown that 11
      epicortisol was able to "rescue" the tissue from dexamethasone-mediated delayed
      inhibition of CRF secretion if added to the blocks 30 min (but not later) after
      the agonistic steroid.

PMID- 3874999
TI  - Some characteristics of human adrenal microsomal 21-hydroxylase activity.
AB  - The following general characteristics of 21-hydroxylase activity were determined
      using pooled microsomes obtained from three glands. Enzyme activity exhibited a
      broad pH dependence, being optimal between pH 7.4-pH 7.8, and was maximal with
      NADPH in the range 2 to 4.75 X 10(-4)mol/l. No microsomal 21-hydroxylase activity
      was detected in the absence of NADPH or substrate and when heat denatured
      microsomes were employed. Enzyme activity was depressed by greater than 75% in
      the presence of 100% oxygen or nitrogen. In a second set of experiments,
      microsomal fractions were prepared individually from 7 glands. In the presence of
      17 alpha-hydroxy progesterone (2.0 X 10(-7) and 2.0 X 10(-6)mol/l) product
      formation was linear with time for up to 90 s when the microsomal protein
      concentration was 5, 10 and 20 micrograms/ml. Between 5 and 30% of the substrate
      was converted during the first 60 s. In 5/7 of the glands the addition of the
      autologous cytosol (20 micrograms protein/ml) was without effect, and enzyme
      activity (using a 60 s reaction and either 2.0 X 10(-7) or 2 X 10(-6)mol/l 17
      alpha-hydroxy progesterone was directly proportional to the microsomal protein
      concentration (range 0-20 micrograms/ml). With the other 2 adrenals 21
      hydroxylation was not proportional to the same range of microsomal protein
      concentrations, although it became so upon the addition of cytosol, which
      significantly augmented activity. There was considerable variation in enzyme
      activity between glands from different individuals (Vmax ranging from 2.6 to 16.6
      X 10(-9) mol/min/mg protein) and in the apparent Km's (from 0.22 to 1.1 X 10(
      6)mol/l). In the two preparations sensitive to cytosol, the Vmax increased 2
      fold, and the Km was 3 times lower. Cytosol was without effect upon the kinetic
      characteristics of the other 5 microsomal preparations. Ascorbic acid (1 X 10(-3)
      mol/l) depressed enzyme activity by 25-43% whereas oxidised and reduced
      glutathione (1 X 10(-3) mol/l) showed a slight and variable effect upon 21
      hydroxylation.

PMID- 3874998
TI  - Identification and partial characterization of the cytoplasmic androgen receptor
      in bovine ovarian capsule.
AB  - [3H]Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) binding to a specific protein in the cytosol of
      bovine ovarian capsule was studied in vitro. The specific androgen-binding
      protein in the cytosol was analyzed by chromatographic and ultracentrifugal
      techniques. From Scatchard analysis, the dissociation constant was 7.4 nM and the
      number of binding sites was 58.8 fmol/mg protein. Testosterone and 17 alpha
      methyltrienolone (R1881) compete for [3H]DHT binding. In the presence of sodium
      molybdate and at low salt concentrations, the steroid-protein complex sediments
      as a 9S form, while in the presence of high salt, it sediments at 3.5S. In the
      absence of molybdate or in the presence of high salt, the 9S form dissociates in
      a temperature-dependent manner into smaller units. These properties are
      consistent with the presence of a typical androgen receptor in the bovine ovarian
      capsule.

PMID- 3875000
TI  - Towards a logical analysis of the immune response.
AB  - We present a new way to conceive, formalize and analyse models of the immune
      network. The models proposed are minimal ones, based essentially on the well
      established negative feedback loop between helper and suppressor T cells. The
      occurrence of T-T interactions in both helper and suppressor circuits. These T-T
      interactions are represented here by autocatalytic feedback loops on TH and TS.
      The fact that immature B cells are sensitive to negative signaling, as was
      originally suggested by Lederberg (1959). There is a functional inactivation of
      immature B cells encountering antigen or anti-idiotypic antibody. This prevents
      further differentiation to a stage where the B cells become fully responsive. We
      describe the role of a logical method in the generation and analysis of the
      models, and the complementarity between this logical method and the more
      classical description by continuous differential equations. Logical analysis and
      numerical simulations of the differential equations show that the emerging model
      accounts for, the occurrence of multiple steady states (a virgin state, a memory
      state and a non-responsive state) in the absence of antigen, the kinetics of
      primary and secondary responses, high dose paralysis, low dose of paralysis. Its
      fit with real situations is surprisingly good for a model of this simplicity.
      Nevertheless, we give it as an example of what can now be done in the field
      rather than as a stable model.

PMID- 3875001
TI  - Cluster formation in a symmetrical network: a dynamical system for the
      description of the suppression among non-immune T lymphocytes and its application
      to the effects of immunization.
AB  - A mathematical model has been developed for the description of the suppressive
      regulation between polyclonally activated normal and immune T cells. The model
      assumes reversible cell-cell interactions to interpret results from limiting
      dilution experiments performed to determine the frequencies of precursor cells
      for antigen-specific T effector lymphocytes and to analyse mechanisms regulating
      the maturation of precursor into effector T cells. In particular, the model deals
      with the changes induced in the T lymphocytes population following immunization
      with antigens. In these limiting dilution experiments, T cells are placed in
      cultures at varying cell numbers with all other essential culture constituents
      kept in excess. After polyclonal activation of the T cells in culture they are
      supplied with growth and maturation factors so that they form daughter clones of
      functionally active T effector cells. The typical result observed was that
      effector T cells develop in cultures at low cell input but that this development
      is totally suppressed at high cell numbers. This result suggested that, at high
      cell numbers, the effector T cells are exposed to a sufficient number of other T
      cells of appropriate specificity to permit suppressive interactions. Whereas this
      is the case for non-immune T cells, T cells after immunization develop into
      effector cells both at high as well as at low cell concentrations, though with
      efficiencies less than proportional to their number of precursors. Our
      mathematical model is made up of a set of first order autonomous ordinary
      differential equations in many variables permitting the calculations of numbers
      of free cells and of cells engaged in cellular clusters of varying sizes. Free
      cells can develop into effector cells whereas cells engaged in clusters cannot.
      We calculate the consequences of several reasonable hypotheses concerning the
      effects of immunization. We consider the possibility that immunization modifies
      the growth behavior of the antigen-specific cells to permit an increased or
      accelerated clonal expansion in culture. Alternatively, we consider the
      possibility that immunization changes the interaction strength between cells
      specific for the immunizing antigen and other cells. Thirdly, we have connected
      both behaviors by calculating the case of an inverse relationship between growth
      rates and intensities of interaction between cells. Our model has been inspired
      by the symmetrical network model and can be interpreted in this framework. It
      proposes that immune regulation is a consequence of idiotype-anti-idiotype
      interactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3875002
TI  - Polysaccharide vaccine for prevention of haemophilus influenzae type B disease.
      1.

PMID- 3875003
TI  - Right ventricular dysfunction following cold potassium cardioplegia.
AB  - Right coronary artery stenoses limit cardioplegic delivery to the right ventricle
      and may contribute to postoperative right ventricular dysfunction. Right
      ventricular function was evaluated in 39 patients with right coronary artery
      stenoses following elective coronary bypass operations. Hemodynamic and nuclear
      ventriculographic measurements, made between 3 and 6 hours postoperatively,
      revealed a progressive increase in pulmonary arterial pressure, pulse rate, and
      right ventricular ejection fraction (p less than 0.05). Right ventricular end
      diastolic volume index (calculated from the thermodilution stroke index divided
      by the nuclear ejection fraction) decreased, but right atrial pressure increased
      (suggesting a decrease in compliance). The response to the infusion of 2 units of
      plasma (volume loading) was evaluated 3 hours postoperatively (EARLY) and again 5
      hours postoperatively (LATE) in 21 patients. Right ventricular performance (the
      relation between cardiac index or right ventricular stroke work index and right
      ventricular end-diastolic volume index) and right ventricular systolic function
      (the relation between systolic pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular
      end-systolic volume index) were depressed EARLY and improved LATE (p less than
      0.01 in analysis of covariance). Left ventricular performance (the relation
      between cardiac index or left ventricular stroke work index and left ventricular
      end-diastolic volume index) and left ventricular systolic function (the relation
      between systolic blood pressure and left ventricular end-systolic volume index)
      were similar EARLY and LATE. Right ventricular diastolic function (the relation
      between right atrial pressure and right ventricular end-diastolic volume index)
      and left ventricular diastolic function (the relation between left atrial
      pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic volume index) were significantly
      greater LATE than EARLY. Right, but not left, ventricular performance and
      systolic function were transiently depressed, and right and left ventricular
      diastolic stiffness were transiently decreased in the EARLY postoperative period.
      In patients with right coronary artery stenoses, current methods of cardioplegia
      may inadequately protect the right ventricle, but further studies are required to
      establish the relation between intraoperative protection and postoperative
      function.

PMID- 3875004
TI  - Myocardial revascularization with combined aortic and mitral valve replacements.
AB  - Although the results of coronary artery bypass grafting plus single aortic or
      mitral valve replacement have been documented, the risk of myocardial
      revascularization with combined aortic and mitral valve replacement is not well
      defined. We present a series of 33 consecutive patients undergoing myocardial
      revascularization with combined aortic and mitral valve replacement during a
      period of almost seven years. There were 21 men and 12 women with a mean age of
      67 years. All patients had congestive heart failure, and 21 (64%) had angina
      pectoris. Mean New York Heart Association functional classification was 3.4;
      eight patients (24%) had ejection fractions less than 0.40, and 13 patients (41%)
      had cardiac indices less than 2.0 L/min/m2. All operations were performed with
      hypothermic crystalloid potassium cardioplegia. The number of coronary arteries
      grafted varied from one to four (mean, 1.7 grafts per patient). Four patients
      died while in the hospital (12.1%). There were no perioperative myocardial
      infarctions. At a follow-up of 2 to 80 months (mean 40.7 months), death had
      occurred in eight (27.6%) of the 29 hospital survivors. Actuarial survival rate
      at 72 months was 60.7%. Although no preoperative factors predicted late death,
      early deaths were related significantly to severe mitral regurgitation, low
      ejection fraction, high New York Heart Association classification and extensive
      coronary artery disease (p less than 0.05). Myocardial revascularization with
      combined aortic and mitral valve replacement can be performed with an acceptable
      early mortality rate but with an appreciable late mortality rate.

PMID- 3875005
TI  - Effects of antileukemic agents on the activity of terminal deoxynucleotidyl
      transferase from human normal thymic and leukemic cells "in vitro".
AB  - Several widely used and experimental antileukemic drugs have been tested on the
      activity of Terminal deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT) purified from normal
      human thymocytes and T-derived acute lymphoblastic leukemia peripheral blood
      lymphoblasts. The majority of these inhibitors were equally potent inhibitors of
      the enzyme from thymocytes or leukemic lymphocytes. Adriamycine and etoposide
      were more potent inhibitors of the enzyme purified from thymocytes. Vincristine
      was a more potent inhibitor of TdT extracted from leukemic lymphocytes than from
      thymocytes. These results are discussed in terms of possible functions for TdT in
      the two types of cells and on the value of TdT as an indicator for clinical
      treatment.

PMID- 3875006
TI  - Differentiation of human acute myeloid leukaemia cells in response to exogenous
      and endogenous stimuli: different patterns of response suggested by a bioassay
      system.
AB  - The object of this study was to devise quantitative bioassay systems suitable for
      the analysis of differentiation in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in response to
      both endogenous (bone marrow) and exogenous stimuli. Dose response analyses of
      the relationship between exogenous differentiation stimulus (supplied by
      peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes) and clone cell maturity in double layer
      semi-solid agar cultures, were used to identify a measure of response with a
      linear relationship to differentiation stimulus on which bioassay systems could
      be based. All 7 AML samples tested at presentation and 1 sample from a patient
      during the regenerative phase after therapy, exhibited some response to exogenous
      differentiation stimulus. Only in the latter was there no significant difference
      in the response of test and reference cells. The other 7 showed marked variation
      in the pattern of the response in vitro. There was no close correlation between
      differentiation capacity in vitro and extent of differentiation observed in vivo.
      This discrepancy might be related to varying availability of endogenous
      differentiation stimulus in different patients. The technique for assaying
      differentiation response was adapted to demonstrate and quantify the endogenous
      differentiation stimulus (the stimulus provided by the leukaemic patient's marrow
      cells). The results suggest that in some patients the level of this stimulus may
      be a major determinant in the level of differentiation achieved in vivo.

PMID- 3875007
TI  - Anti-immunoglobulin antibodies. VI. Age-dependent isotype and auto anti
      immunoglobulin variation during secondary immune response in 129 mice.
AB  - The secondary and tertiary immune responses to TNP-KLH and the autoanti
      immunoglobulin response were studied in 1-, 3- and 6-month-old 129/J and 129/Sv
      mice. A profound inability of aging 129/Sv mice (lifespan: 9 months) to produce
      gamma 2a anti-TNP antibodies relative to their normal counterparts was observed.
      However, this markedly low response could not be related to clearance of antibody
      by RFs since all 129 mice studied produced significant amounts of RFs after
      immunization with this T-dependent antigen. Furthermore, the results of the
      plaque forming cell assays indicated that young (1 month old) 129/Sv mice have an
      accelerated immune response while older mice produce significantly low direct and
      indirect responses compared to the control groups. The data suggest a fundamental
      dysfunction of B and/or T cells in 129/Sv mice and that spontaneous production of
      RFs in older mice may affect the ability of B and T cells to cooperate in a
      secondary response.

PMID- 3875008
TI  - Differential immunotoxic effects of the environmental chemical benzo[a]pyrene in
      young and aged mice.
AB  - Young (3-6 months), middle-aged (16-18 months) and aged (23-26 months) mice were
      exposed in vitro and in vivo to the immunotoxic environmental chemical
      benzo[a]pyrene. The generation of antibody producing cells to the T-dependent
      antigens of sheep erythrocytes was observed to be suppressed in all age groups.
      Significantly, aged mice were shown to exhibit a greater percent suppression of
      antibody responses than young or middle-aged mice both in vitro and in vivo. The
      results presented provide the first evidence that the degree of immunological
      toxicity of environmental chemicals may be partially dependent upon the
      chronological and immunological age of the animal.

PMID- 3875009
TI  - Reduction of anti-inflammatory drug costs with newer aspirin formulations.
AB  - Anti-inflammatory/analgesic drugs account for a large proportion of prescriptions
      and prescribing costs, particularly for ambulatory patients. Although aspirin is
      highly effective, 95% of anti-inflammatory/analgesic prescriptions have been for
      the newer, more expensive alternatives. Recently two newer aspirin formulations
      were made available on our hospital's formulary. Subsequently aspirin prescribing
      rose from 5% to 14.5% (P less than 0.0005), and mean pharmacy costs for anti
      inflammatory analgesics fell 5.9% over a 7-month period (P less than 0.025). This
      decline in costs interrupted a historic trend toward increased prescription costs
      and was accomplished with minimal effort or hospital resources. Increased
      availability and familiarity with these newer aspirin formulations may
      substantially reduce costs for the health care system.

PMID- 3875010
TI  - [Primary tuberculosis infection among school children in the urban environment].

PMID- 3875011
TI  - [Osteocalcin].

PMID- 3875012
TI  - [Physiology of the caloric equilibrium reaction. Consequences from results of
      space experiments in Spacelab 1, December 1983].
AB  - A caloric nystagmus was observed during weightlessness in orbital flight. This
      cannot be reconciled with the classical convection theory of the caloric
      mechanism. Alternative hypotheses are discussed. It appears that a direct thermal
      effect on the canal afferents could only play a small part. It is suggested that
      a stronger effect is produced by the temperature-mediated volume change in the
      horizontal semicircular canal, the asymmetric stimulation of the canal ring
      leading to volume displacement towards the cupula. On earth, the convective
      torque produced by redistribution of endolymph mass may be considered as a
      secondary effect, comparable to a stimulus producing a nystagmus threshold
      response. Modulation of the caloric and rotatory nystagmus by body position and
      the role of the otoliths are also discussed.

PMID- 3875013
TI  - Autoimmune vestibular dysfunction: preliminary report.
AB  - Since 1981, 28 patients have been diagnosed with autoimmune inner ear disease.
      This preliminary, retrospective study reviews clinical and laboratory
      manifestations of autoimmune vestibular dysfunction. Sixteen of 28 patients
      presented with dizziness (7 vertigo, 8 lightheadedness, 1 ataxia). Twelve of
      these patients presented with Meniere's syndrome. Seven of 16 dizzy patients
      underwent formal vestibular testing. Five had reduced vestibular response in the
      involved ear(s); one patient had positional nystagmus only; and one had normal
      results. Of 17 patients with adequate follow-up, 11 presented with dizziness.
      Hearing improved and dizziness resolved in two patients following treatment.
      Hearing stabilized and dizziness resolved in two. Hearing stabilized but
      lightheadedness (without vertigo) persisted in five. Hearing was lost and
      oscillopsia resulted in two patients. Preliminary conclusions are vestibular
      dysfunction in autoimmune inner ear disease is nonspecific; bilateral vestibular
      dysfunction is more common; Meniere's syndrome is relatively common; medical
      management usually is helpful; surgery at this time does not seem appropriate;
      vestibular treatment results tend to parallel auditory treatment results.

PMID- 3875014
TI  - [Solitary polypoid cavernous hemangioma in the jejunum].
AB  - Hemangiomas of the small intestine are rare. A case report is given of a 77 year
      old patient with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Selective arteriography of the
      art. mesenterica superior revealed a convoluted mass of 1 cm diameter in the
      arciform arterial segment of a jejunal artery. The jejunal loop affected was
      removed and end-to-end anastomosis of the small intestine was performed; on
      histological examination a solitary polypoid cavernous hemangioma with a diameter
      of 6 mm was found. The patient is doing well 2 1/4 years after surgery.

PMID- 3875015
TI  - [Lymphoplasmapheresis in the treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3875016
TI  - [The effects of aorto-coronary bypass grafting to totally occluded coronary
      arteries on left ventricular contractility].
AB  - The effects of aorto-coronary bypass grafting (ACBG) on totally occluded coronary
      arteries (TOCA), postocclusion vessels of which were demonstrated
      angiographically through collaterals and left ventricular contractility were
      studied in eleven patients consisted of nine with transmural myocardial
      infarction (TMMI) on ECG in the area perfused by TOCA and without TMMI. Of eleven
      ACBG consisting of eight left anterior descending coronary arteries (LAD) and
      three right coronary arteries (RCA), all eight grafts to LAD were patent, whereas
      two of three to RCA were obstructed on the postoperative angiogram. The following
      evaluations were undertaken in the cases with patent grafts. In seven cases with
      TMMI (six LAD, one RCA), left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) increased from
      0.56 +/- 0.08 (Mean +/- SD) to 0.65 +/- 0.07 (p less than 0.01). PLVSP/LVESV
      slightly increased, but not significantly. Mean Vcf increased from 1.07 +/- 0.33
      to 1.83 +/- 0.88 circ/sec (p less than 0.02). Left ventricular segmental wall
      motion also improved from 23.1 +/- 6.8 to 29.5 +/- 7.2% (p less than 0.01),
      markedly in the anterior and apical segment. In two cases without TMMI, all of
      EF, PLVSP/LVESV, Mean Vcf and segmental wall motion improved much more than the
      cases with TMMI. In conclusion, it was suggested that ACBG to TOCA, especially
      LAD visualized angiographically through collaterals resulted in the excellent
      graft patency rate and the significant improvement of left ventricular
      contractility, even in the cases with TMMI.

PMID- 3875017
TI  - Analysis of structural differences between Ly-5 molecules of T- and B-cells.
AB  - A group of closely related high mol. wt (Mr) membrane glycoproteins is expressed
      with varying Mr on different subpopulations of lymphocytes, but the different Mr
      forms share the Ly-5 and T200 antigenic determinants. The Ly-5 molecule expressed
      by thymocytes has an Mr of 175,000 (175ly5). The antigenically related molecule
      on B-cells has an Mr of 210,000 (210ly5). It is not known whether the variations
      in size are due to differences in the polypeptide chain, post-translational
      modifications such as glycosylation, or both. In this report we examine the
      glycosylation of 175ly5 and 210ly5 to determine whether differences in
      carbohydrate moieties may account for the different Mr of these two Ly-5 species.
      Pronase digestion and alkaline borohydride treatment of these molecules labeled
      in the terminal galactose residues revealed that 210ly5 molecules have a more
      complex oligosaccharide pattern than 175ly5 molecules. While Ly-5
      oligosaccharides from a T-cell tumor line were very similar to those of normal
      thymocytes, the pattern of Ly-5 carbohydrates from a B-cell tumor were somewhat
      different than those from normal B-cells. This report also presents evidence for
      O-linked sugars on Ly-5 molecules.

PMID- 3875018
TI  - Biochemical characterization of I-Ak proteins from mutant antigen-presenting B
      cell--B-lymphoma hybridomas.
AB  - Chemically induced mutants of an I-Ak,d expressing antigen-presenting B-cell--B
      lymphoma hybridoma have recently been generated by immunoselection in vitro and
      were found to possess alterations in some of their serologically and functionally
      defined I-Ak region dependent functions. In order to identify at the structural
      level the origin of the differences in serological and functional properties of
      these mutants, I-Ak molecules from several of these mutant hybridomas were
      compared biochemically to wild-type I-Ak polypeptides by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis and high-pressure liquid chromatographic tryptic peptide
      analyses. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis indicated that no major structural
      alterations, resulting in changes in mol. wt or charge, had occurred in the Ak
      alpha or Ak beta polypeptides from the mutant cells. Likewise, Ak alpha peptide
      maps of the mutants were indistinguishable from the normal Ak alpha peptide maps.
      However, two of the three mutants studied did exhibit one additional peptide in
      their Ak beta peptide maps. These results suggest that the major deficiencies in
      T-cell-activating functions of these mutants are a result of a limited alteration
      in the Ak beta polypeptide primary structure.

PMID- 3875020
TI  - Medical manpower and other strategic issues.

PMID- 3875019
TI  - Biochemical characterization of a p43,12 complex: comparison with human and
      murine class I molecules.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody designated as C21 reacting with a p43,12 complex was
      developed against human thymocytes. It stained predominantly the early
      hematopoietic cells of the lymphoid lineage and also thymocytes, peripheral B
      cells and activated T- and B-cells similarly to OKT10. The heavy chain of this
      antigen was a glycoprotein of Mr 43,000 (p43). Sequential immunoprecipitation
      with C21 and OKT10 antibodies indicated that they both reacted with an identical
      heavy-chain molecule. This observation was further documented by two-dimensional
      analysis. Monoclonal antibody C21 was used to probe a p43,12 complex further.
      Structural polymorphism of the p43 heavy chain isolated from T- and B-cells of
      different individuals was not detected by chymotryptic peptide mapping, although
      molecules from these cell types possessed a different charge on two-dimensional
      gels. An unusual observation was made regarding this complex on MOLT4 cells. The
      light chain co-precipitated from these cells was 12,000 daltons and had a pI
      distinct from that of beta 2-microglobulin but similar to the pI of the beta t
      molecule. Comparison between chymotryptic peptide maps of the p43 heavy chain and
      those of the human and murine class I molecules such as HLA, T6, H-2K, Qa-2 and
      TL revealed no apparent homology. We have shown, however, that the peptide
      backbone of p43, as studied by both tunicamycin treatment of cells and
      endoglycosidase F digestion of immunoprecipitates, was identical in size to that
      of murine Qa-1. These results suggest that the p43 antigen may be homologous to
      murine Qa-1 or another class I antigen encoded in the murine TL:Qa region.

PMID- 3875021
TI  - Cancer chemotherapy: past is prologue.

PMID- 3875022
TI  - Multiple primary neoplasms and tumor diathesis.

PMID- 3875024
TI  - High-dose combination chemotherapy: why, how, and when.

PMID- 3875023
TI  - Combination chemotherapy of breast cancer.

PMID- 3875025
TI  - Safer cancer chemotherapy using a kinetically based experimental approach.

PMID- 3875026
TI  - Current status and new vistas in combination chemotherapy.

PMID- 3875027
TI  - Prior tuberculosis in long-term survivors of breast and ovarian cancer from a New
      York oncology practice (1954-1974).

PMID- 3875028
TI  - Colorectal cancer (Duke's group B2, C1, C2): adjuvant chemotherapy and toxicity.

PMID- 3875029
TI  - Solitary neurofibroma of the gallbladder: report of three cases and literature
      review.

PMID- 3875030
TI  - Modified nucleosides and early detection of occupational cancer: a challenge for
      the future.

PMID- 3875032
TI  - Malignant histiocytosis.

PMID- 3875031
TI  - New drugs in gastroenterology.

PMID- 3875033
TI  - Induction of sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) and cell-cycle inhibition in mouse
      peripheral blood B lymphocytes exposed to mutagenic carcinogens in vivo.
AB  - To determine the sensitivity of the mouse peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL)
      culture system, male B6C3f1 mice were injected i.p. with either 2
      acetylaminofluorene (AAF) (20, 40, 80, 160 mg/kg), benzo[a]pyrene (BP) 25, 75,
      150, 300 mg/kg), dichlorvos (DCV) (5, 15, 25, 35 mg/kg), ethyl methanesulfonate
      (EMS) (10, 30, 90, 180, 270 mg/kg), or N-nitrosomorpholine (NM) (37.5, 75, 150,
      300 mg/kg) dissolved in either RPMI 1640 (DCV, EMS, NM) or sunflower oil (AAF,
      BP). 24 h later blood was removed by cardiac puncture, and the lymphocytes were
      cultured in the presence of lipopolysaccharide for analysis of SCE in B
      lymphocytes. All 4 mutagenic carcinogens (AAF, BP, EMS, NM) induced significant
      dose-related increases in SCE frequency. DCV, a potent neurotoxicant, caused no
      change in the baseline SCE frequency. At the highest concentration of each
      chemical examined, AAF caused a 1.6-fold increase, EMS a 1.8-fold increase, NM a
      3.0-fold increase, and BP a 3.1-fold increase in SCE frequency compared to
      concurrent controls. A comparison of these results for PBLs with those reported
      in the literature for bone marrow cells indicates that PBLs offer a good
      quantitative and qualitative estimate of the SCE-inducing potential for these 5
      compounds in bone marrow cells.

PMID- 3875034
TI  - Immunospecific therapy for type I diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3875035
TI  - T-cell receptor gene rearrangements as clinical markers of human T-cell
      lymphomas.
AB  - The ability to detect immunoglobulin-gene rearrangements has proved useful in
      confirming diagnoses of suspected B-cell lymphomas and in establishing their
      monoclonality. By analogy, we employed a cloned DNA probe for the beta chain of
      the T-cell receptor gene to determine whether gene rearrangements were present in
      human T-cell neoplasms representing various stages of T-cell development. Gene
      rearrangements were present in all cases of T-cell disorders except a single case
      of T gamma lymphocytosis, a disorder that has not been proved to be a clonal T
      cell neoplasm. A germline gene configuration was present in all patients with non
      T-cell neoplasms and in normal tissues from patients with T-cell lymphoma. The
      probe promises to be useful for confirming the pathological an immunologic
      diagnosis in difficult cases of T-cell disorders and for assessing the extent of
      disease.

PMID- 3875037
TI  - T-cell receptors.

PMID- 3875036
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 35-1985. Abrupt onset of headache followed by rapidly progressive
      encephalopathy in a 30-year-old woman.

PMID- 3875038
TI  - PKA contamination of immunoglobulin G.

PMID- 3875039
TI  - Isolation of a new human oncogene from a diffuse B-cell lymphoma.
AB  - Utilizing DNA transfection analysis with the continuous NIH 3T3 cell line as
      assay cell, we and other have observed that as many as 10-50% of human
      haematopoietic tumours contain oncogenes, the vast majority of which are members
      of the ras proto-oncogene family. In addition, Cooper and co-workers have
      reported the detection and isolation of specific oncogenes, B-lym and T-lym,
      which appear to be activated in human and rodent tumours of certain B and T
      lymphoid cells, respectively. In surveying human haematopoietic malignancies, we
      observed that DNA of a primary human diffuse B-cell lymphoma induced an unusual
      transformed focus on transfection of NIH 3T3 cells. Here, we report the molecular
      cloning and physical characterization of this human oncogene, whose transforming
      activity was shown to reside within a human DNA sequence of 45 kilobases (kb)
      cloned in a cosmid vector. Its properties distinguish it from previously reported
      retroviral or nonretroviral oncogenes.

PMID- 3875040
TI  - Modulation of interleukin 2 activity by lymphocyte-derived tetrahydrobiopterin.

PMID- 3875041
TI  - Effects of bepridil on transmembrane action potentials recorded from isolated
      canine cardiac tissues. Studies on normal and infarct-zone Purkinje fibres and
      ventricular muscle cells.
AB  - The electrophysiological effects of bepridil (1.9 mumol/l), a drug with
      antianginal and antiarrhythmic actions, were studied on transmembrane action
      potentials recorded from isolated cardiac tissues using standard microelectrode
      techniques. Recordings were made (a) from normal canine cardiac Purkinje fibres
      in major false tendons, (b) from partially depolarized subendocardial Purkinje
      fibres in 24 h infarct zones, and (c) from ventricular muscle preparations. It
      was found that at cycle lengths between 1000 and 300 ms, bepridil exerted use
      dependent effects on the maximum rate of depolarization of phase zero (dV/dtmax)
      and action potential amplitude (APA) in both normal and infarct zone Purkinje
      fibres (IZPF), but that the effects in the IZPF were relatively greater. Bepridil
      did not affect maximum diastolic potential (MDP) in normal Purkinje fibres, but
      decreased it in IZPF. Bepridil lengthened total action potential duration under
      all conditions, but exerted variable effects on the duration of the plateau (APD
      60 mV). In normal ventricular muscle cells (basic cycle length = 1000 ms),
      bepridil only decreased dV/dtmax. In regard to effects on automatic activity in
      canine Purkinje fibres, bepridil resembled slow inward current blocking drugs: it
      did not decrease the rate of normal automaticity or the slope of phase 4
      depolarization in normal fibres (with MDPs greater than -80 mV), but it did slow
      or abolish abnormal automaticity in IZPF (with MDPs less than -60 mV). Bepridil
      also abolished triggering in 24 h IZPF.

PMID- 3875042
TI  - [Long-term results of coronary vessel surgery].

PMID- 3875043
TI  - [Disorders of the cerebellopontile angle].

PMID- 3875044
TI  - [Pathologic nystagmus and related phenomena. A review].
AB  - Pathological nystagmus may be spontaneous, positional, or gaze-evoked. Peripheral
      vestibular nystagmus is usually rotatory, the horizontal component being most
      prominent. It is - in contrast to a central vestibular nystagmus - strongly
      inhibited by fixation. Spontaneous congenital nystagmus is also prominent with
      fixation, but it can usually be distinguished from acquired fixation nystagmus
      based on its long duration, atypical waveforms and high frequency. Two general
      types of positional nystagmus can be identified on the basis of nystagmus
      regularity: static and paroxysmal. The most common variety of positional
      nystagmus is the so-called benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus, which in the
      majority of cases occurs as an isolated symptom of unknown cause. Gaze-evoked
      nystagmus, prominent with fixation, includes dissociated, rebound and gaze
      paretic nystagmus forms. Symmetrical gaze-evoked nystagmus is most commonly
      produced by ingestion of certain drugs. Phenomena related to nystagmus include:
      amblyopic, voluntary, and convergence-retraction nystagmus, ocular dysmetria,
      ocular flutter, opsoclonus, ocular bobbing, and ocular myoclonus.

PMID- 3875045
TI  - Absence of sodium and water retention in rats with severe proteinuria.
AB  - Studies with two models of immunologically mediated glomerular disease in the
      rat, chronic serum sickness and Heymann nephritis, show that fluid retention can
      be dissociated from other signs of the nephrotic syndrome (excessive proteinuria,
      hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia). Clinical evidence of fluid retention
      (increased body weight, decreased hematocrit, ascites) was only detected in
      severe chronic serum sickness and coincided with an abrupt drop in urinary sodium
      concentration and sodium excretion. Severe proteinuria was not associated with
      sodium and water retention in moderate chronic serum sickness and in Heymann
      nephritis. These observations support the hypothesis that, in conditions of
      severe proteinuria, an intrarenal defect in sodium excretion rather than a
      systemic factor, leads to fluid retention.

PMID- 3875046
TI  - Association between human lymphocyte antigens B8, DR3 and response to peritonitis
      in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 3875047
TI  - [Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and renal involvement].
AB  - In a young girl with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (Pi Z), cirrhosis,
      hypocomplementemia and proteinuria, renal biopsy showed features of type I
      membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Deposits contained IgA, IgG, IgM, Clq,
      C4 and C3 but not alpha 1-antitrypsin. A review of the literature found 10
      similar cases. Type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis was present in
      all. The respective roles of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and hepatic disease
      in the pathogenesis are discussed; membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis is
      probably the consequence of the chronic liver disease.

PMID- 3875048
TI  - [Subarachnoid hemorrhage in acoustic neuroma].
AB  - A 32-year-old patient is reported with two subarachnoid bleedings occurring at an
      interval of 5 years. The cause of bleeding was a richly vascularized neurinoma of
      the acoustic nerve with focal necrosis. Operation was successful.

PMID- 3875049
TI  - [The use of fibrin glue in neurosurgical operations].
AB  - Fibrin glue has been used in 22 neurosurgical patients and following five effects
      which are very much helpful in neurosurgical practice were recognized. Adhesive
      effect--Dural defect at cranial base was closed with lyophilized dura and fibrin
      glue. Hemostatic effect--Fibrin glue soaked oxycel was applied for hemostasis of
      the bleeding from venous sinus, dura, skull edge and cut surface of tumor.
      Blocking and sealing effects--In cases of craniopharyngioma, cyst wall around the
      inserted tube was sealed with oxycel and fibrin glue. CSF leakage from open
      sphenoidal sinus in aneurysmal operation was closed with fibrin glue soaked
      gelfoam. Covering and wall strengthening effects--Unclippable aneurysms were
      coated and wrapped with fibrin glue and oxycel. Packing effect--Huge dead space
      after removal of mucocele was packed with fibrin glue. In trans-sphenoidal
      operation of pituitary adenoma, fibrin glue soaked muscle pieces and oxycel were
      packed in the dead space and sphenoidal sinus. Many other possible availabilities
      in neurosurgical operations were discussed. Fibrin glue is a biological product,
      so it can be used with more safety and affinity to the local tissue and with less
      reaction as foreign body than the artificial adhesives. It takes much time for
      the preparation of this material for the time being. If this can be prepared
      instantly, usefulness of this glue will be markedly increased. We have had no
      hepatitis nor inflammatory complications in our limited experience.

PMID- 3875050
TI  - [Percutaneous epidural electrical stimulation of the spinal cord for intractable
      pain--with special reference to deafferentation pain].
AB  - In a study of 44 patients with different types of chronic pain, mostly associated
      with deafferentation, chronic percutaneous epidural spinal stimulation has proved
      useful treatment achieving an initial 52% incidence of pain amelioration overall.
      Long-term result showed at six months in 86%, at 1 year in 90%, although
      technical problems, which included electrode displacement and required minor
      operative readjustment, affected 48% of those permanently implanted. No other
      complications were seen. Success bore no relationship to quality of pain reported
      by the patients or to duration of pain. The patients with denervation caused by
      nerve or root lesions responded better than those with cord lesions even though
      electrical paresthesia were delivered to the area of pain in each case. A decline
      in effectiveness with time was noted in small numbers of our cases despite
      persistence of paresthesia in the area of pain. It is suggested that late failure
      reflects plasticity of the nervous system in adapting to new inputs. Morphine
      study was carried out in some of these patients. Morphine did not help to
      ameliorate the pain in many cases with deafferentation pain. And also Naloxone
      was administered during successful pain-relieving stimulation. This did not
      result in recurrence of pain. The Somato Sensory Responses were recorded in 25
      patients before and during neurostimulation. When stimulation was applied the
      late component was suppressed in most of those who enjoyed a good result. The
      early component was not changed in those patients even during stimulation. These
      results suggest that spinal cord stimulation would suppress the denervative
      hypersensitivity of dorsal horn in the patients with deafferentation
      pain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3875051
TI  - [Central alveolar hypoventilation as a complication of massive intracerebellar
      hemorrhage: report of a case treated by diaphragm pacing].
AB  - The author reported a case of central alveolar hypoventilation (Ondine's curse)
      which was treated by diaphragm pacing. A 59-year-old man was admitted because of
      sudden deep coma and tetraparesis. Neurological examination on admission showed
      miotic pupils with absent light reaction, no oculocephalic reflex, no corneal
      reflex and tetraparesis. Glasgow scale was evaluated to be E-1 V-1, and M-3 with
      total of 5 points. Computed tomography confirmed a large hematoma in the
      cerebellum with ventricular rupture. Immediately, a suboccipital craniectomy was
      performed and the hematoma was evacuated. His neurological condition was improved
      gradually within a month after the operation. He responded to verbal orders and
      moved all his limbs against gravity. His respiration, however, was irregular with
      a pattern of so-called "cluster breathing" followed by prolonged apnea, that was
      more pronounced in night. He was suffered from hypoxic hypercapnea and recurrent
      pneumonia. Therefore, authors decided to employ diaphragm pacing for management
      of central alveolar hypoventilation. A diaphragm pacemaker (radiofrequency
      induction) was implanted. A cuff electrode was put around the right phrenic nerve
      in the right thorax, and the receiver installed subcutaneously in the right
      anterior chest. Postoperative respiratory study showed ventilation on pacing with
      satisfactory blood gas and he became able to move around using a wheel chair. In
      1966 Glenn demonstrated a new technique to move the diaphragm paced by a receiver
      through the phrenic nerve, triggered by radio wave from external device.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3875052
TI  - [Brain stem auditory evoked potentials for assessment of isolated fourth
      ventricle in three patients].
AB  - Isolated fourth ventricle is an untoward but interesting complication caused by
      the shunt procedure, which has been recognized since the introduction of CT
      scanning. Auditory brain stem evoked potentials (BAEPs) were recorded in a
      patient with isolated fourth ventricle for assessment of brain stem function.
      Case 1. A 9-year-old boy. He had undergone repair of the lumbosacral meningocele
      at birth, followed by shunting procedures, including repeated shunt revision, for
      hydrocephalus which subsequently developed. CT scanning on admission revealed
      typical findings of isolated fourth ventricle, while neurological examination
      disclosed no abnormalities. BAEPs on admission revealed normal waves both in
      amplitude and latency. This patient has been doing well without further shunting
      procedures. Case 2. A 17-year-old male was admitted with complaints of headache,
      diplopia, nystagmus and ataxic gait. He had a history of operation for radical
      removal of cerebellar astrocytoma and lateral ventriculo-peritoneal shunt at 9
      years of age. CT scanning on admission revealed a typical isolated fourth
      ventricle, and fourth ventricle-peritoneal shunt was performed. Postoperative
      serial BAEPs revealed gradual improvement of brain-stem function. Clinically he
      has been symptom-free thereafter except for slight nystagmus. Case 3. A 2-year
      old female suffering from hydrocephalus developed after neonatal intraventricular
      hemorrhage and ventriculitis. After repeated revision of a lateral ventriculo
      peritoneal shunt, she was admitted in semicoma with vomiting and opisthotonic
      posture. CT study revealed an isolated fourth ventricle and preoperative BAEPs
      showed marked abnormalities. Although fourth ventricle-peritoneal shunt was
      performed, no remarkable change in BAEPs was obtained, and neurological deficit
      of considerable degree persisted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3875053
TI  - Effect of aminooxyacetic acid on gamma-aminobutyric acid release from frog
      retina.
AB  - The Ca2+-dependence of the release of [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from the
      pre-loaded, superfused frog retina was investigated in the presence and absence
      of the GABA-transaminase inhibitor, aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA). In the latter
      case, an ion-exchange column chromatographic technique was used to separate
      [3H]GABA from tritiated metabolites released with it into the superfusate. In the
      presence of aminooxyacetic acid, a 2 min 30 mM K+ pulse released similar amounts
      of [3H]GABA in normal and Ca2+-free Ringer solutions. However, when
      aminooxyacetic acid was absent, the K+-evoked release of [3H]GABA was
      substantially reduced under Ca2+-free conditions. It is concluded that the
      presence of aminooxyacetic acid can reduce the Ca2+-dependence of K+-evoked
      release of GABA from the frog retina. This is in accordance with its effect on
      cerebral cortex of the rat, reported previously.

PMID- 3875054
TI  - Age-dependent effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP).
AB  - The neurotoxic effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)
      have been shown to be dependent upon its conversion to 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridine
      ion (MPP+) by monoamine oxidase. Since central monoamine oxidase activity
      increases with age, the neurotoxic effects of MPTP should be age-dependent. This
      hypothesis was evaluated by administering MPTP to three groups of rats differing
      in age. It was observed that both the lethality and neurotoxicity of MPTP were
      age-dependent.

PMID- 3875055
TI  - Intracerebroventricular administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion
      (MPP+) decrease dopamine and increase acetylcholine in the mouse neostriatum.
AB  - We found that both MPTP and its metabolite MPP+ decrease dopamine and increase
      acetylcholine content of mouse neostriatum when administered
      intracerebroventricularly (ICV). These observations support the notion that MPP+
      may be the active neurotoxin formed in brain after MPTP administration. They also
      suggest that cholinergic mechanisms may be a target of the neurotoxin.

PMID- 3875056
TI  - Regional brain uptake of 2-deoxyglucose in N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonism in the macaque monkey.
AB  - This preliminary report describes application of the 2-deoxyglucose (2DG)
      autoradiographic technique to study regional changes in brain metabolism in
      experimental parkinsonism, induced in the monkey by administration of the
      neurotoxin MPTP. In one monkey, rendered severely parkinsonian by MPTP, there was
      a marked increase in the uptake of 2DG in the globus pallidus (both medial and
      lateral segments) and in the ventral anterior and ventral lateral thalamic
      nuclei, in comparison to non-parkinsonian animals. Increased uptake of 2DG in the
      globus pallidus may reflect increased activity of striatopallidal synapses
      secondary to loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurones. The findings are in
      sharp contrast to our observations on regional brain metabolism in experimental
      choreiform dyskinesia in the monkey.

PMID- 3875057
TI  - Catecholamine-uptake inhibitors prevent the neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl
      1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in mouse brain.
AB  - Male albino mice were injected subcutaneously with 50 mg/kg of 1-methyl-4-phenyl
      1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Seven days after administration, the striatal
      levels of dopamine(DA) and its metabolites were markedly reduced, as was the
      cortical level of noradrenaline (NA). Pretreatment with the selective inhibitor
      of DA uptake, GBR 13098, selectively and totally prevented the reduction of DA
      and its metabolites, whereas the selective inhibitor of NA uptake, maprotiline,
      selectively protected against NA depletion. The unselective inhibitors of DA and
      NA uptake, mazindol and nomifensine, prevented the MPTP-induced depletion of both
      DA and NA.

PMID- 3875058
TI  - Electrical self-stimulation deficits in the anterior and posterior parts of the
      medial forebrain bundle after ibotenic acid lesion of the middle lateral
      hypothalamus.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to analyse the involvement of the intrinsic
      neurons located in the middle lateral hypothalamus in electrical self-stimulation
      measured with electrodes in the anterior and posterior parts of the medial
      forebrain bundle. In rats without hypothalamic lesions, self-stimulation rates
      from both anterior and posterior electrodes were similar on either side of the
      brain. For all rats with ibotenic acid-induced lesions in the lateral
      hypothalamus, self-stimulation rates were lower with electrodes in the area of
      the lesion, while self-stimulation on the contralateral side was normal. In rats
      with electrodes in the anterior hypothalamus, the lesion produced a large deficit
      when stimulation was applied to the anterior electrode ipsilateral to the lesion.
      Only three rats showed a decrease in self-stimulation with stimulation of the
      posterior hypothalamic electrode ipsilateral to the lesion; self-stimulation of
      the other three rats was normal. These results suggest that self-stimulation in
      the anterior part of the medial forebrain bundle is supported by long fibers
      originating in the middle part of the lateral hypothalamus, while self
      stimulation in the posterior part of the lateral hypothalamus can be influenced
      by another system not involved in reward processes observed in the rostral part
      of the medial forebrain bundle.

PMID- 3875059
TI  - Regional blood flow in hemiparkinsonism.
AB  - Positron emission tomography was used to measure global and local blood flow in
      11 patients with hemiparkinsonism (before and after an acute oral dose of L-dopa)
      and in 26 normal subjects. Global hemispheric blood flow was not significantly
      different between the patients [45 +/- 11 ml/(min X 100 g)] and the controls [49
      +/- 8 ml/(min X 100 g)]. After L-dopa, the patients' mean global hemispheric flow
      did not change. Measurements of local blood flow from specific, anatomically
      defined cortical and basal ganglia regions were performed using a newly developed
      stereotactic localization technique. Before L-dopa, mesocortical blood flow
      contralateral to the patients' symptoms was significantly less than controls (p
      less than 0.003), suggesting a specific abnormality in the cortical dopaminergic
      projection from the ventral tegmental area. In addition, right and left pallidal
      blood flow were significantly less tightly coupled in patients than controls (p =
      0.0312). After L-dopa, the mesocortical blood flow remained below normal, whereas
      pallidal blood flow was no longer significantly different from controls (p
      greater than 0.05).

PMID- 3875060
TI  - [Aorto-coronary bypass: update and future trends of research].

PMID- 3875061
TI  - [Rehabilitation: treatment of lymphedema of the arm after mastectomy].

PMID- 3875062
TI  - Nursing decision making in critical care: traditional versus invasive blood
      pressure monitoring.

PMID- 3875063
TI  - Amniotic fluid embolism.

PMID- 3875064
TI  - Hypogastric artery ligation for obstetric hemorrhage.
AB  - Ligation of the hypogastric arteries has been recommended for control of
      obstetric hemorrhage. However, specific information regarding its effectiveness
      is lacking. The hospital charts of 19 patients undergoing bilateral hypogastric
      artery ligation for the control of otherwise intractable obstetric hemorrhage
      were reviewed. Indications included uterine atony (15), lateral extension of a
      low-transverse uterine incision (three), and placenta accreta (one). This
      procedure was effective in controlling bleeding in eight of 19 patients (42%).
      Hysterectomy was necessary in the remaining 11 patients. In these patients, blood
      loss, operating time, and intraoperative morbidity was increased when compared
      with a group of 59 patients undergoing emergency hysterectomy for obstetric
      hemorrhage without prior ligation of the hypogastric arteries. Surgical
      approaches to hypogastric artery ligation are discussed.

PMID- 3875065
TI  - Tubal pregnancy: significance of serum and peritoneal fluid alpha-amylase.
AB  - Thirty women with a histopathologically confirmed tubal ectopic pregnancy and 50
      women with an intrauterine pregnancy of 12 weeks or less were studied. Serum
      alpha-amylase was found to be lower in women with a tubal pregnancy than in those
      with a normal pregnancy. Peritoneal fluid obtained by culdocentesis from women
      with a tubal pregnancy contained alpha-amylase concentrations that were
      consistently higher than the corresponding serum alpha-amylase concentrations,
      but not to a degree that it could be used as a reliable screening test.

PMID- 3875066
TI  - Recovery of vestibulospinal balance function after unilateral labyrinthectomy in
      patients with Meniere's disease.
AB  - The influence of unilateral labyrinthectomy on vestibulospinal balance function
      in patients with Meniere's disease is studied with a gravicorder. Our data
      disclosed that vestibulospinal balance recovery was better when tested in the
      light, including the total length and area. Moreover, this quantitative test
      which measures changes in the center of gravity in standing subjects revealed
      that total length recovery was almost achieved within 5 weeks when measured in
      the light but required 12 months when measured in the dark; total area was almost
      in the normal range within 1 week when measured in the light but required 5 weeks
      when measured in the dark.

PMID- 3875067
TI  - Correlation between vestibular and cochlear measures in internal ear disorders.
AB  - A study was carried out on vestibular and cochlear measures of 20 patients with
      internal ear disorders. It was shown that the vestibular findings do not always
      match the cochlear ones. A comparison of the various quantitative measures of the
      post-caloric responses with the clinical picture indicated that the average slow
      phase velocity provides a good measure of the vestibular function. The
      correlation coefficients between the average slow-phase velocity of the post
      caloric responses and those of the per- and post-rotatory responses were higher
      than those based on the maximum slow-phase velocity value. The diagnostic
      significance of the rotatory test is assessed against the clinical findings.

PMID- 3875068
TI  - [Differentiation of chronic lymphoid leukemia from the leukemic phase of non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma using the M-rosette formation test].

PMID- 3875069
TI  - Distance, duration and blur effects on the perception of pseudoisochromatic
      stimuli.
AB  - Two experiments are reported that examine the effects of viewing distance,
      viewing duration, and stimulus clarity on performance with three popular versions
      of the pseudoisochromatic tests of colour deficiency. With a large sample of
      colour-normal observers, highly significant effects of these viewing conditions
      are found. In addition, large differences in sensitivity to these conditions are
      obtained among the three tests employed (The American Optical Corporation test,
      the Dvorine test, and the Ishihara test). Results are discussed in terms of
      practical implications for test administration and in terms of likely processes,
      in addition to colour discrimination, assessed by these tests.

PMID- 3875070
TI  - Osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

PMID- 3875071
TI  - Portal hypertension in children.

PMID- 3875072
TI  - The management of metabolic disorders of the liver.

PMID- 3875073
TI  - Perinatal influences on in vitro B lymphocyte differentiation in human neonates.
AB  - In vitro differentiation of B lymphocytes present in cord blood mononuclear cell
      preparations into immunoglobulin secreting cells was studied in 126 neonates with
      gestational ages (GA) ranging from 20 to 44 wk. Eight infants had a GA less than
      27.9 wk, 24 had GA 28-32.9 wk, 30 had GA 33-37.9 wk, 51 had GA 38-41.9 wk, and 13
      had GA above 42 wk. B cell differentiation in response to pokeweed mitogen plus
      hydrocortisone was assessed using a plaque forming cell assay. All neonates had a
      measurable plaque-forming cell response in this assay. An increased plaque
      forming cell response was observed in some neonates in all gestational age
      groups. The magnitude of in vitro neonatal B cell differentiation underwent a
      continuous and significant (p less than 0.002) reduction as gestational age
      increased. The influence of intrauterine growth retardation on in vitro B
      lymphocyte differentiation was studied and compared to gestational age-matched
      controls with a normal intrauterine growth. Intrauterine growth retardation was
      not associated with changes in B cell responsiveness. An analysis of perinatal
      factors revealed that cesarean section, and low 1-min Apgar scores were factors
      that predisposed cord blood cells to be triggered in vitro to produce increased
      numbers of plaque-forming cells.

PMID- 3875074
TI  - Neonatal data base and automated discharge summary using a personal computer and
      proprietary software.
AB  - A computerized neonatal data base and a program to develop automated neonatal
      discharge summaries were developed using a personal computer and proprietary
      software. The system has been relatively inexpensive, simple to operate, and easy
      to expand. The current program can produce a discharge summary in less than five
      minutes, as well as provide detailed summary statistics regarding patients
      admitted to the intensive care facility. The personal computer and proprietary
      software are a cost-effective mechanism of improving efficiency in obtaining
      neonatal statistics and discharge summaries.

PMID- 3875075
TI  - Healing rates of treated and untreated bone lesions in histiocytosis X.
AB  - Evaluation of the response of histiocytosis X to various forms of treatment is
      difficult, because presentation patterns are protean and the disease can be self
      limited. A retrospective evaluation was made of the healing of 42 histiocytosis X
      bone lesions, in 21 patients treated in variety of ways, using serial radiographs
      and a semiquantitative scoring system. Treatments included various combinations
      of surgery (simple biopsy or curettage), radiotherapy (200 to 1,200 centi-Gray
      [cGy]), chemotherapy (according to various protocols), and local steroid
      injection. Median times to a given degree of healing were similar across
      treatment groups and in untreated lesions. It was concluded that mode of
      treatment does not exert a strong influence on the rate of healing of
      histiocytosis X bone lesions. Some healing should be apparent 4 months after
      diagnosis, but complete healing may take many months. Treatment of histiocytosis
      X bone lesions is indicated only if intense pain or risk of fracture or deformity
      are present.

PMID- 3875076
TI  - Hemophilus type b polysaccharide vaccine. Committee on Infectious Diseases.

PMID- 3875077
TI  - Protein quality in feeding the normal infant: do whey-predominant formulas offer
      nutritional advantages?

PMID- 3875078
TI  - Construction of cDNA coding for human von Willebrand factor using antibody probes
      for colony-screening and mapping of the chromosomal gene.
AB  - Von Willebrand Factor (vWF) mRNA was identified in fractionated polyA+ RNA
      preparations isolated from cultured human endothelial cells. Micro-injection of
      specific polyA+ RNA fractions in Xenopus laevis oocytes provoked the synthesis of
      a vWF-like product which could be detected with an immunoradiometric assay
      relying on Sepharose-linked monoclonal anti-vWF IgG and different radiolabeled
      monoclonal anti-vWF IgGs. A vWF-mRNA-containing polyA+ RNA preparation served as
      substrate for a size-selected cDNA-expression library of 60 000 colonies which
      was screened for the synthesis of antigens related to vWF, using polyclonal anti
      vWF IgG and a second antibody conjugated with peroxidase. Eight positive colonies
      were detected of which two reacted strongly in the enzyme-linked assay.
      Immunoblotting of bacterial extracts of "expression clones" with a monoclonal
      anti-vWF IgG revealed polypeptides which size fits within the length of the cDNA
      insertions. Northern blotting of human endothelial RNA, employing fragments of
      vWF cDNA as probes, showed specific hybridization with a mRNA of about 9000
      nucleotides. DNA-sequence analysis of a vWF-cDNA insertion revealed an open
      reading frame followed by a translation stopcodon. It is argued that the cDNA
      insertions encode the carboxy-terminal part of the vWF protein. vWF-cDNA probes
      were employed to map the von Willebrand factor gene on chromosome 12 using a
      panel of 35 human-rodent somatic cell hybrids.

PMID- 3875079
TI  - Quantitative hybridization-arrest of mRNA in Xenopus oocytes using single
      stranded complementary DNA or oligonucleotide probes.
AB  - The expression of heterologous mRNA in Xenopus oocytes was quantitatively
      inhibited by coinjection of single-stranded complementary DNA or synthetic
      complementary oligonucleotides. The lymphokines Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and
      Interleukin-3 (IL-3) were used as model systems to test the effectiveness of this
      procedure. Messenger RNA samples were hybridized to single stranded complementary
      DNA or oligonucleotides, injected into oocytes and the oocyte incubation medium
      assayed for the presence or absence of specific translation products 48 hours
      later. When IL-2 mRNA was hybridized to a large excess of long (490 bases) single
      stranded complementary DNA, the expression of IL-2 was effectively blocked
      (greater than 98%). Complementary oligonucleotides (18-23 bases) were almost as
      effective as the polynucleotide in inhibiting IL-2 activity (greater than 95%).
      Oligonucleotides derived from the 5' end, middle or 3' end of the coding sequence
      were all effective in arresting IL-2 mRNA translation. Oligonucleotide hybrid
      arrest was effective even when no NaCl was present in the hybridization buffer,
      indicating that the annealing reaction could occur within the oocyte after
      injection. Definite proof that hybrid-arrest could occur in vivo was shown by the
      fact that oligonucleotides injected before or after mRNA injection, while not as
      effective as co-injection, still showed substantial inhibition of specific mRNA
      translation. The oligonucleotide hybrid-arrest method was equally effective in
      the case of IL-3, demonstrating its general applicability.

PMID- 3875080
TI  - Studies of the chemical and biological properties of the liver-imaging agent
      99mTc-phytate.
AB  - The correlation between chemical formulation and biodistribution of 99mTc-phytate
      solutions was examined. On the basis of radiochemical analyses and biological
      experiments, the following optimum parameters were found: weight ratio of the
      anhydrous sodium phytate to SnCl2 18:1; concentration of phytate 5-6 g/l, pH of
      the injection solution 6-7. Maximum uptakes in rat organs were in the liver 95.8
      +/- 3.26 at 15-20 min p.i., and in the spleen 3.98 +/- 0.79% 3 hours p.i. Two new
      methods for radiochemical analysis enabling the separation of three peaks were
      used: ITLC-SG Gelman chromatography and molecular sieving through Sephadex G-25.
      The bench-life of the injection solution was also checked during a 5-h period, as
      well as its shelf-life which was at least 6 months. Clinical examinations showed
      excellent visualization of the normal liver with discrete radiocolloid uptake in
      the spleen and no uptake in other tissues. With SPECT a more precise and clear
      localization of liver lesions was achieved especially due to the low uptake of
      99mTc-phytate in the spleen.

PMID- 3875081
TI  - A vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b.

PMID- 3875082
TI  - Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in pediatric patients using
      bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage.

PMID- 3875083
TI  - Prevention of genitourinary infections.

PMID- 3875085
TI  - UV-induced photoproducts of para-aminobenzoid acid.
AB  - Cis- and trans- 4,4'-azodibenzoic acid (AZBA), two photoproducts of para
      aminobenzoic acid (PABA), formed by the action of 313 nm light, have been
      characterized on the basis of UV and mass spectral data. The relative dose of UV
      light required for azodibenzoic acid formation is comparable to that obtained
      from a day of sunbathing. The same type of photochemical reaction could lead to
      the formation of PABA-protein conjugates. These photoproducts may be responsible
      for the known photosensitizing properties of PABA and perhaps its cytotoxic and
      mutagenic effects.

PMID- 3875084
TI  - Prevention of gastrointestinal infections.

PMID- 3875086
TI  - Childhood and adolescent obesity: progress in behavioral assessment and
      treatment.

PMID- 3875087
TI  - [Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy; analysis of symptoms and hematologic and
      immunologic disorders in the initial period of the disease].

PMID- 3875088
TI  - [Leukocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes in children with recurrent
      respiratory tract infections].

PMID- 3875089
TI  - The use of bambermycins (Flavomycin) and halofuginone (Stenorol) in diets for
      growing turkeys.
AB  - Experiments were conducted at three geographic locations in the United States
      (Arkansas, Colorado, and Minnesota) to examine the response of Large White
      turkeys to bambermycins in the presence of halofuginone. Each location utilized
      diets commonly used at that station for growing turkeys. All diets contained 3
      ppm halofuginone, and were supplemented with 0, 1, 2, or 4 g bambermycins/ton
      (908 kg). Bambermycins was fed from day-old to marketing; halofuginone was
      removed from feed for 3 days prior to marketing. Although there were some
      significant differences in final body weights or feed utilization among
      locations, there were no significant interactions of location X bambermycins.
      Body weight of males was significantly (P less than .05) improved by the addition
      of 2 g bambermycins/ton. Body weight of females was significantly (P less than
      .05) improved by all levels of bambermycins; 4 g/ton stimulated significantly (P
      less than .05) superior gains than 1 or 2 g/ton. When body weight for both sexes
      was combined, bambermycins at 2 and 4 g/ton resulted in significant (P less than
      .05) improvements in body weight. Feed utilization, expressed as units of feed
      per unit of gain, was not significantly influenced by dietary treatment. There
      were no significant differences in mortality related to location or dietary
      treatment.

PMID- 3875090
TI  - [Cohort analysis of mortality in tuberculosis of the respiratory organs in
      Austria].

PMID- 3875091
TI  - New applications for the assay of placental proteins.

PMID- 3875092
TI  - Differentiation of normal marrow and HL60 cells induced by antithymocyte
      globulin.
AB  - Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) therapy is an important treatment alternative for
      patients with acquired aplastic anemia. The mechanism by which it exerts its
      effects on hematopoiesis is unknown. In this report, we describe the ability of
      horse ATG to induce growth and differentiation of normal bone marrow. A single
      cell suspension of normal human bone marrow was cultured in methylcellulose
      medium and examined for the growth and maturation after incubation with ATG (10
      micrograms/ml). After 3-4 days of culture, spherical colonies containing mature
      myeloid elements were found in cultures containing ATG but not in cultures
      containing medium or preimmunization horse IgG. The addition of 10% colony
      stimulating factor increased growth by 40%. The number of spherical colonies is
      not dependent on the presence of macrophages or T lymphocytes. This property of
      ATG may be relevant to the mechanism behind the hematologic recovery in some
      patients with acquired aplastic anemia. We also describe the ability of ATG to
      induce terminal differentiation in the HL60 leukemic cell line. ATG binds to HL60
      cells and at concentrations between 10 and 100 micrograms/ml, 50% of the cells
      become mature granulocytes, acquire the ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium,
      and lose their proliferative capacity in the clonogenic assay. These new
      observations of ATG-induced differentiation of normal marrow myeloid elements and
      terminal differentiation of the HL60 cell line point to different avenues for
      future search of differentiation-inducing agents.

PMID- 3875093
TI  - A population genetic framework for the study of invasive diseases caused by
      serotype b strains of Haemophilus influenzae.
AB  - One hundred seventy-seven isolates of serotype b Haemophilus influenzae recovered
      largely from children with invasive disease in the United States were
      characterized by the electrophoretic mobilities of 16 metabolic enzymes, the
      NaDodSO4/PAGE pattern of outer-membrane proteins (OMP), and biotype. Thirty-two
      distinctive multilocus genotypes (electrophoretic types, ETs) were distinguished
      on the basis of allele profiles at the enzyme loci. Twenty-eight OMP types and
      five biotypes were identified, but only 55 distinctive combinations of ET, OMP
      type, and biotype were represented. The strong nonrandom associations of
      characters and the recovery of isolates with identical properties in widely
      separated geographic regions and over a 40-year period suggest that the
      population structure of H. influenzae is basically clonal. Examination of
      nonserotype b isolates indicated that clones of serotype b are a restricted
      subset of the genotypes in the species as a whole. Currently, most of the
      invasive H. influenzae disease in the United States is caused by serotype b
      strains of two related ETs, and, more specifically, much of it is attributable to
      two subclones marked by OMP type. There is evidence that the frequency of the ET
      1/OMP 1H/biotype I subclone has increased dramatically in the United States since
      the 1939-1954 period. The hypothesis that populations of H. influenzae are
      subject to marked temporal variation in clonal composition is supported by
      evidence of major differences in the genetic structure of populations in the
      United States and the Netherlands.

PMID- 3875094
TI  - Malignant transformation of Bloom syndrome B-lymphoblastoid cell lines by
      carcinogens.
AB  - Three types of Bloom syndrome B-lymphoblastoid cell lines, as well as one derived
      from a normal person, treated with 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide and N-methyl-N'-nitro
      N-nitrosoguanidine (0.3 micrograms/ml for 24 hr), were studied for tumorigenicity
      in nude mice, colony formation in soft agar, cytogenetic changes, and
      immunoglobulin markers. When normal and Bloom syndrome cells with normal sister
      chromatid exchange (SCE) levels and karyotypes (type I) were treated with
      carcinogens, no significant changes occurred in the immunoglobulin profile and
      karyotype, only rare colony formation was seen, and no tumors were produced. In
      contrast, when Bloom syndrome cells with high SCE levels (type II with normal
      karyotype and type III with an abnormal karyotype) were treated with carcinogens,
      tumors were produced in 22 of 53 nude mice injected; a high rate of colony
      formation in soft agar was seen; the cells exhibited virtual loss of
      immunoglobulin markers; and structural changes in chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7,
      11, 14, and 15 were found in the tumors in addition to the original chromosome
      abnormalities present in the injected cells. It appears that Bloom syndrome B
      lymphoblastoid cell lines with high levels of SCE are highly susceptible to the
      action of carcinogens, as evidenced by tumor formation in nude mice and colony
      formation in agar. Apparently, the carcinogens were capable of transforming only
      those cells that had a critical level of SCE (approximately 140 per cell) and not
      those with only mildly increased levels (approximately 13 per cell).

PMID- 3875095
TI  - In vivo separation of two classes of T cells as determined by negative selection
      after the injection of UV-treated allogeneic lymphoid cells.
AB  - Negative selection occurred when gamma-irradiated lymphoid cells of rat strain
      PVG were injected intravenously into strain Fischer rats, which differ from PVG
      rats at the major histocompatibility complex. By 48 hr after injection, thoracic
      duct lymphocytes (TDL) from these animals failed to proliferate or generate
      cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro in response to gamma-irradiated PVG
      lymphoid cells. Responses to cells of a third rat strain were unaffected. By
      about 6 days after antigen injection, positive selection had occurred, as shown
      by enhanced responses to gamma-irradiated PVG cells in the same assays.
      Ultraviolet-irradiated strain PVG populations were tested in the same way. They
      differed from gamma-irradiated PVG cells in that they failed to induce
      proliferation or stimulate CTL in vitro. TDL from Fischer rats injected with UV
      irradiated PVG cells failed to proliferate or generate CTL in response to gamma
      irradiated PVG cells in vitro. The CTL response of TDL from rats injected with UV
      irradiated cells was restored by the addition of supernatant factor(s) from
      concanavalin A-stimulated lymphoid cells (ConA SnF). Therefore, CTL precursors
      did not undergo negative selection after injection of UV-treated cells. There was
      also no detectable positive selection 6 days after injection of UV-treated cells.
      These experiments show that it is possible to separate two populations of T cells
      in vivo by the injection of UV-irradiated allogeneic lymphoid cells. One
      population incorporates [3H]thymidine early in an allogeneic response in vitro,
      the other expresses cytotoxic activity only after the addition of ConA SnF in
      vitro. The first population can replace the requirement for ConA SnF by the CTL
      population.

PMID- 3875096
TI  - Reactivation by a trans-acting factor of human major histocompatibility complex
      Ia gene expression in interspecies hybrids between an Ia-negative human B-cell
      variant and an Ia-positive mouse B-cell lymphoma.
AB  - Raji, a human B-lymphoma cell line, expresses high levels of class II (Ia)
      antigens. The expression of Ia antigens is totally abolished at the level of
      specific mRNA accumulation in RJ 2.2.5, a variant cell line derived from Raji
      after mutagenesis and immunoselection. We report here that the human Ia antigen
      expression can be restored in interspecies somatic cell hybrids between RJ 2.2.5
      cells and BALB/c-derived M12.4.1 (I-A+, I-E+) B-lymphoma cells. Two hybrid clones
      were studied in detail. In both clones Ia molecules of the DR and NG2 type were
      easily detected by cell surface immunofluorescence and specific
      immunoprecipitation. In contrast, the DQ1 molecules were not detected with the
      above technique. DNA hybridization experiments using specific probes indicated
      that alpha-chain DR and beta-chain DQ genes were present in the hybrids. However,
      RNA hybridization experiments revealed that beta-chain DQ mRNA was present in the
      hybrids at very low amount compared to alpha-chain DR-specific mRNA. These
      results indicate that at least several genes of the class II gene cluster are
      coordinately regulated by trans-acting factor(s) that operate across species
      barriers. The basis of the mechanisms controlling the expression of class II
      antigens in these human-mouse hybrids might be related to the extinction (lack of
      expression) or activation of tissue-specific traits that take place when genomes
      of cells of dissimilar developmental potentials are brought together.

PMID- 3875097
TI  - Vaccinia virus-infected cells release a novel polypeptide functionally related to
      transforming and epidermal growth factors.
AB  - The recent discovery, that a vaccinia virus (VV) gene encodes a polypeptide with
      structural homology to transforming growth factor (TGF-alpha) and epidermal
      growth factor (EGF), led us to look for a virus-induced protein with the
      predicted biological activity. The supernatants of VV-infected cell cultures were
      found to contain an acid stable Mr 25,000 polypeptide that competes with EGF for
      binding to EGF membrane receptors. This VV-induced growth factor (VGF) like EGF
      and TGF-alpha is mitogenic and stimulates anchorage-independent cell growth in
      the presence of TGF-beta. However, VGF did not cross-react in a radioimmunoassay
      specific for small and large forms of TGF-alpha and exhibited minimal cross
      reactivity with antisera to EGF. VGF was detectable in the culture medium within
      2 hr, and maximal amounts were present 12 hr after infection. The level of VGF
      was proportional to the multiplicity of VV used. Inhibition of viral DNA
      synthesis enhanced VGF production, consistent with the hypothesis that VGF is an
      early gene product encoded by VV. The demonstration of a novel growth factor,
      released from cells infected with VV, may have important implications regarding
      the nature of virus-host interactions.

PMID- 3875098
TI  - Induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats with purified
      synthetic peptides: delineation of antigenic determinants for
      encephalitogenicity, in vitro activation of cellular transfer, and proliferation
      of lymphocytes.
AB  - Four highly purified synthetic peptides encompassing segments of the 68-86 region
      [for the numbering system used, see Eylar, E.H., Brostoff, S., Hashim, G.,
      Caccam, J. & Burnett, P. (1971) J. Biol. Chem. 246, 5770-5784] of myelin basic
      protein (MBP), a region known to induce experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
      (EAE) in Lewis rats, were used to define and compare structure-function
      relationships between the primary structure of the 68-86 sequence and the three
      following biological activities: induction of EAE in Lewis rats, stimulation of T
      lymphocytes in vitro as measured by augmented cellular transfer of EAE to
      syngeneic recipients, and lymphocyte proliferation, as measured by [3]thymidine
      incorporation. Guinea pig (GP) MBP was approximately 60 or 1500 times more active
      than the GP68-84 (Y G S L P Q K S Q R S Q D E N; single-letter amino acid
      abbreviations) or the modified bovine (MB) 68-84 (Y G S L P Q K A Q R P Q D E N)
      peptides for induction of EAE, respectively. Furthermore, lymphocytes primed with
      either GPMBP, GP68-84, or MB68-84 crossreacted in vitro with either GPMBP, GP68
      84, or MB68-84 for activation of lymphocyte transfer activity. In contrast,
      lymphocytes primed with either GP68-84 or MB68-84 exhibited antigen-specific
      proliferation in vitro exclusively in response to either GP or MB sequences,
      respectively. Neither GP75-84 (S Q R S Q D E N) nor GP75-86 (S Q R S Q D E N P V)
      induced EAE, activated lymphocytes for EAE transfer, or stimulated lymphocyte
      proliferation under conditions and doses tested. We conclude that (i)
      structurally distinct determinants, reflecting existence of functionally
      independent classes of antigen receptors, specify encephalitogenic and
      proliferative responses of primed lymphocytes and (ii) determinants for EAE
      induction, cellular transfer of EAE, and lymphocyte proliferation include amino
      acid residues in the 68-74 (Y G S L P Q K) sequence of GPMBP.

PMID- 3875099
TI  - Regulation of purine metabolism in lymphocytes.
AB  - Three general questions regarding nucleosides and lymphocytes are discussed: (a)
      Why are so many measurements being made of adenosine deaminase activity, what do
      the results mean, and why is there still disagreement about some of the
      conclusions; (b) what do we understand about nucleosides and lymphocyte death;
      and (c) to what extent do we really understand nucleoside and nucleotide
      metabolism in lymphocytes? Experimental studies show that treatment of mice with
      deoxycoformycin, to produce accumulation of deoxyadenosine, leads to rapid thymus
      involution, elevated dATP concentrations in thymus and liver, and inhibition of
      adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase in these tissues. Deoxyguanosine inhibits the
      growth of mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells, and this toxicity is prevented by
      deoxycytidine plus adenine. In cells treated with deoxyguanosine, concentrations
      of both GTP and dGTP are elevated, and this is not affected by deoxycytidine.
      Adenine, however, reduces GTP concentrations to normal, and prevents most of the
      elevation in dGTP concentrations. Contrary to previous belief, it has been
      demonstrated that lymphocytes and nucleated bone marrow cells will synthesize
      purine nucleotides de novo if incubated in an appropriate medium; carbon dioxide
      is particularly important for this process.

PMID- 3875100
TI  - Differential metabolism of guanine nucleosides by human lymphoid cell lines.
AB  - Deficiency of the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase is associated with a
      specific depletion of T cells which is presumably mediated by its substrate, 2'
      deoxyguanosine. Inhibitors of this enzyme are therefore being developed as
      potential immunosuppressive agents. We have compared the effects of 8
      aminoguanosine, a competitive inhibitor of purine nucleoside phosphorylase, on
      the metabolism of 2'-deoxyguanosine by human T lymphoblasts, B lymphoblasts, and
      mature T-cell lines. 8-Aminoguanosine markedly potentiates the accumulation of
      dGTP in T lymphoblasts, but results in increased GTP levels in B lymphoblasts and
      mature T cells. GTP accumulation is associated with ATP depletion of a magnitude
      similar to that seen with an inhibitor of de novo purine biosynthesis, but does
      not result in inhibition of either DNA or RNA synthesis. In contrast, direct
      inhibition of de novo purine biosynthesis sharply decreased the incorporation of
      [3H]uridine into both DNA and RNA. We conclude that the mechanism of cell damage
      resulting from prolonged accumulation of GTP appears to involve more than
      inhibition of de novo purine biosynthesis and consequent ATP depletion.
      Perturbations in guanine nucleotide pools resulting from partial inhibition of
      purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity in vivo could result in cellular
      toxicity not limited to the target T cell population.

PMID- 3875101
TI  - Catabolic pathways of purine ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides in
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Deficiency of either one of the subsequent purine catabolic enzymes adenosine
      deaminase or purine nucleoside phosphorylase results in immunodeficiency disease
      in humans. However, the mechanism by which impairment of purine metabolism may
      cause immunodeficiency is unclear. In the present work we have studied the
      catabolism of purine ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides in T lymphocytes to
      better understand the role of purine nucleoside phosphorylase and adenosine
      deaminase in the immune function. It was found that purine deoxyribonucleotides
      are degraded via catabolic pathways distinctly different from those used for
      purine ribonucleotide degradation. Thus both adenine and guanine ribonucleotides
      are deaminated to IMP whereas purine deoxyribonucleotides are exclusively
      dephosphorylated to the corresponding deoxyribonucleosides. These findings may
      explain the relatively higher degradation rates of purine deoxyribonucleotides in
      mammalian cells as compared to purine ribonucleotides. The catabolism of purine
      nucleotides is tightly linked to the active purine nucleoside cycles which
      consist of the phosphorolysis of purine nucleosides and deoxyribonucleosides to
      their corresponding bases, their salvage to monophosphates and back to the
      corresponding ribonucleosides. The above observations also imply that a possible
      role of the purine nucleoside cycles is to convert purine deoxyribonucleotides
      into their corresponding ribonucleotide derivatives. Deficiencies of purine
      nucleoside phosphorylase or of adenosine deaminase activities, enzymes which
      participate or lead to the purine nucleoside cycles, thus result in a selective
      impaired deoxyribonucleotide catabolism and immunodeficiency.

PMID- 3875102
TI  - Genetic analysis of the 6-thiobenzylpurine binding site of the nucleoside
      transporter in mouse lymphoblasts.
AB  - From a mutagenized population of wild-type S49 T lymphoblasts, cells were
      selected for their ability to survive in semisolid medium containing 0.5 mM
      hypoxanthine, 0.4 microM methotrexate, 30 microM thymidine, 30 microM
      deoxycytidine, and 30 microM p-nitrobenzyl-6-thioinosine (NBMPR), a potent
      inhibitor of nucleoside transport. Unlike wild-type parental cells, two mutant
      clones, KAB1 and KAB5, were still sensitive to nucleoside-mediated cytotoxicity
      in the presence of NBMPR. Comparisons of the abilities of wild-type cells, KAB1,
      and KAB5 cells to incorporate exogenous nucleoside to the corresponding
      nucleoside triphosphate indicated that nucleoside incorporation was much less
      sensitive to inhibition by NBMPR in the mutant cells. Rapid transport studies
      indicated that the mutant cell lines, unlike the wild-type parent, had acquired
      an NBMPR-insensitive nucleoside transport component which was similar to the
      NBMPR-sensitive wild-type transporter with respect to affinities for nucleosides
      and sensitivities toward N-ethylmaleimide and dipyridamole. Binding studies with
      [3H]NBMPR indicated that KAB5 cells were 70-75% deficient in the number of NBMPR
      binding sites, whereas KAB1 cells possessed a wild-type complement of NBMPR
      binding sites with wild-type binding characteristics. These data suggest that the
      NBMPR binding site in wild-type S49 cells is genetically distinguishable from the
      nucleoside carrier site and that the former may be a regulatory site.

PMID- 3875103
TI  - Hematopoiesis in conventional mice after wound trauma.

PMID- 3875104
TI  - Isotype expression and specificity repertoire of lipopolysaccharide-reactive B
      cells in germfree mice fed chemically defined ultrafiltered 'antigen-free' diet.

PMID- 3875105
TI  - Modulation of IgE isotype expression on B lymphocytes in Peyer's patches of
      germfree rats.

PMID- 3875106
TI  - Absence of Pneumocystis carinii in Lobund germfree and conventional rat colonies.

PMID- 3875107
TI  - [The effect of 4-aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA) on the proliferation of in vitro
      cultured endothelial cells of the calf aorta].

PMID- 3875108
TI  - Transport systems and enzymes involved in the metamorphosis of tryptophan into
      serotonin.
AB  - Tryptophan (Trp), as the precursor of serotonin, has been introduced in the
      treatment of depression and isomnia, but its clinical effectiveness must be
      considered with caution. In this presentation, the different aspects concerning
      the transport of Trp from the intestine to the brain and its enzymatic conversion
      into serotonin are discussed. The study of recent literature shows that the
      discussion about the relative importance of free and total plasma Trp and of the
      competitive large neutral amino acids for the transport of Trp into the brain
      continues. On the other hand, mainly animal studies demonstrate numerous
      regulatory processes, the importance of which has been underestimated until
      today. These processes concern enzymes like indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, cleaving
      Trp, but also quinoid-dihydropteridine reductase, producing the
      tetrahydrobiopterin necessary for Trp hydroxylase. It is proposed that the
      different steps leading from Trp to functionally active 5-HT are considered in a
      more systemic approach, taking into account that 5-HT synthesis depends on
      factors like depolarization of the nerve cell, endproduct inhibition, etc. In
      man, further studies are needed concerning the fate of Trp and competing
      compounds in the blood, after long-term treatment with Trp. In order to influence
      enzymatic mechanisms, clinical trials with compounds like tetrahydrobiopterin,
      acting directly on the enzymatic conversion of Trp into 5-HT, could lend new
      impulses to research on precursor therapy.

PMID- 3875109
TI  - The 5-HT syndrome and the drug discrimination paradigm in rats: application in
      behavioral studies on the central 5-HT system.
AB  - The use of two behavioral tests, the 5-HT motor syndrome in rats and the drug
      discrimination paradigm for behavioral analysis of the central 5-HT system are
      discussed. The motor syndrome induced by L-5-HTP in rats is a simple test,
      allowing the identification of inhibitors of the 5-HT reuptake system and MAO-A.
      5-HT-antagonists and 5HT-agonists can also be detected. The degree of selectivity
      of 5-HT agonists for the 5-HT system can be determined by the use of specific 5
      HT-antagonists, or by testing drugs in MAO-inhibited or 5,7-DHT-lesioned animals.
      The advantages of the drug discrimination paradigm are mainly the low doses of
      training drugs needed, the objectivity of the test (no observer involved) and the
      possibility to test for both agonistic and antagonistic activity in the same
      animals. The drug discrimination paradigm may also contribute to the behavioral
      differentiation between drugs interacting with 5-HT1, 5-HT2 and possibly
      tryptamine receptors.

PMID- 3875110
TI  - Iterative deblurring algorithm for a multiplane tomographic scanner.
AB  - An iterative algorithm has been developed to reduce blur artefacts in images
      obtained from the Pho/Con multiplane tomographic scanner. In this technique
      estimates of the activity distribution are convolved with the detector response
      function and compared with the original blurred image planes. Successive
      estimates of the activity distribution are modified so as to minimise the square
      of the difference in pixel count between the two sets of blurred images. The
      technique has been tested with images containing non-correlated noise provided by
      computer simulation and images with correlated noise acquired in experimental
      phantom studies.

PMID- 3875111
TI  - [Misleading pains in the lower limbs of rheumatologic origin].
AB  - Pain in the lower limbs related to rheumatic disease may be the source of
      diagnostic difficulties when it presents in the guise of pseudo-vascular
      manifestations. A narrow spinal canal and atypical neuralgia may present a very
      misleading clinical picture. Similarly, traumatic muscular pathology and bone
      trauma and tumours may also be misleading. A popliteal cyst and reflex
      sympathetic dystrophy may simulate venous disorders. Iatrogenic disease,
      particularly complications of anticoagulant treatment also need to be recognized.

PMID- 3875112
TI  - [Prevention of deep venous thrombosis by physical methods. Use of an external
      electrical stimulator. Initial results in surgery of the hip].
AB  - The aim of this study is to demonstrate the importance of the fight against
      venous stasis in the prevention of post-operative deep venous thrombosis. The
      study is based on two perfectly matched groups of 75 patients undergoing surgery
      for the complete replacement of the hip. As well as the usual preventive methods,
      one group was given external electric stimulus of the muscles of the lower limbs
      during the operation, in the immediate post-operative period and for the ten days
      following, achieving maximum venous drainage which was virtually permanent. The
      results make it apparent that external electric stimulus meant that 16% of deep
      venous thromboses were avoided in the group on which it was used.

PMID- 3875113
TI  - [Conclusions from shifts in morbidity patterns of hospitalized children with
      neuropsychiatric diseases].
AB  - The decrease of neurological illnesses and the corresponding increase of
      psychogenic disturbances by patients belonging to clinical departments of
      neuropsychiatry of child and youth are described. This conversion leads to a
      frequently longer staying of the patients within the clinics. Furthermore,
      changes of the behaviours of the whole team for treatment may be observed.

PMID- 3875114
TI  - Vestibular activation, smooth pursuit tracking, and psychosis.
AB  - Pursuit tracking and vestibular activation procedures were combined in an
      investigation to determine if smooth pursuit tracking deficits could be related
      to abnormalities of visual-vestibular interaction in psychiatric patients. In
      actively psychotic patients, but not in comparison groups of schizophrenic
      outpatients with remitted symptomatology or normal controls, a significant
      failure of visual fixation to suppress caloric nystagmus was related to a higher
      incidence of disordered tracking during both baseline and postirrigation
      conditions. Other vestibular irregularities including dysrhythmia and reduced
      fast phase velocity were observed in these same patients. The results are
      supportive of a central deficit in visual-vestibular interaction that may
      contribute to pursuit tracking deficits in psychosis.

PMID- 3875115
TI  - Sex differences in minor psychiatric morbidity.
AB  - This monograph is concerned with some epidemiological observations of minor
      psychiatric morbidity. Differences in rates of specific disorders have
      historically formed a crucial part of epidemiological enquiry. Sex differences in
      the prevalence of minor affective disorders have been demonstrated in studies of
      populations in treatment and in community populations, and have been variously
      ascribed to constitutional or environmental factors. A review of the literature
      exposes the methodological problems of measurement and study design, and the
      conflicting nature of the findings. Efforts have recently concentrated on
      establishing the social factors important in the aetiology of minor affective
      disorder without adequate exclusion of constitutional factors. The importance of
      life events, chronic social stress and inadequate social supports in the
      aetiology of minor affective disorder has been demonstrated, but the variance
      explained by such factors is small, reinforcing the view that constitutional
      factors of some kind are likely to be of importance. The evidence for a genetic
      contribution to minor affective disorder is tenuous, but there is circumstantial
      evidence that changes in gonadal hormones are linked to mood changes in women.
      Until further evidence is available this must remain a powerful possibility in
      the genesis of sex differences in minor affective disorder. This investigation
      used epidemiological methods to assess whether there is a sex difference in the
      constitutional vulnerability of the male and female phenotype to minor
      psychiatric morbidity. In order to minimize the effects of environment and of sex
      roles and stereotypes as far as possible, a sample of relatively homogeneous
      employed men and women (drawn from a population of executive officers in the Home
      Office) was studied. The data obtained from this population of men and women of
      similar age, education, occupation and social environment were compatible with
      the null hypothesis that there is no sex difference in the prevalence of minor
      psychiatric morbidity, or its outcome in such a homogeneous group. However, women
      did report significantly more somatic symptoms than men. The second hypothesis,
      that there is a substantial sex difference in the self-perception of illness,
      illness behaviour and sickness absence in individuals with minor psychiatric
      morbidity among a homogeneous group of men and women of similar age, education
      and occupation, and subject to similar levels of social stress and support,
      received only partial support from the findings of the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3875116
TI  - Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, West Germany.

PMID- 3875117
TI  - Analysis of the excision repair of nondimer DNA damage induced by solar
      ultraviolet radiation in ICR 2A frog cells.
AB  - The excision repair of solar uv-induced nondimer DNA damage was examined in ICR
      2A frog cells through the use of the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) photolysis assay.
      A relatively pure population of nondimer DNA photoproducts was induced by
      irradiation of ICR 2A cells with the Mylar-filtered solar ultraviolet (uv)
      wavelengths produced by a fluorescent sunlamp followed by exposure to
      photoreactivating light (PRL) which removes most of the small yield of pyrimidine
      dimers induced by this treatment. Cultures of cells were also exposed to 254 nm
      uv, which induces primarily dimers, and 60Co gamma rays. Through use of a
      modification of the BrdUrd photolysis assay possessing enhanced sensitivity, it
      was found that the solar uv-induced nondimer DNA damage was repaired by a short
      patch repair mechanism in which less than approximately 20 nucleotides are
      inserted into a repaired region. Similar results were also obtained for gamma
      irradiated cells. In contrast, excision repair of 254-nm-induced dimers was
      accomplished by a long-patch process in which an average of about 180 nucleotides
      are inserted into the repaired sites.

PMID- 3875118
TI  - [Results of computed tomographic control of the course of aortocoronary bypass
      patency].

PMID- 3875119
TI  - [Intra-arterial DSA for control of aortocoronary bypass--an alternative to
      coronary angiography].
AB  - Intraarterial DSA is a suitable method for early postoperative control of
      coronary artery bypass grafts. Small quantities of contrast media with low iodine
      content are injected into the aortic root. Investigations can be carried out with
      a routine fluoroscopic and digital equipment; additional cine-technique and
      analogue memory disc are not necessary. At an image rate of 3/s the bypass
      anastomoses can be exactly visualized in 75%, whereas diagnostic information was
      not sufficient in only 4% of all cases. The use of modern F-5-catheters and the
      nonselective injection make this method a less invasive alternative to coronary
      angiography. It is particularly useful in evaluation of short- and long-term
      results.

PMID- 3875120
TI  - New horizons in cardiac imaging.

PMID- 3875121
TI  - Gold-195m first-pass radionuclide ventriculography, thallium-201 single-photon
      emission CT, and 12-lead ECG stress testing as a combined procedure.
AB  - Graded, sequential, rest/exercise, gold-195m (Au-195m) (T1/2 = 30 seconds), first
      pass ventriculography and thallium-201 (T1-201) single-photon emission computed
      tomography (SPECT) were performed simultaneously during a single,
      electrocardiograph-monitored, bicycle stress test in 24 individuals. The
      technical aspects and logistics involved in performing this combined radionuclide
      study are stressed in this preliminary report. Fourteen healthy volunteers each
      had a normal left ventricular ejection fraction and wall-motion response, along
      with normal Tl-201 perfusion and washout, as determined by both visual and
      quantitative analysis of the tomographic sections. Each of ten patients with
      coronary artery disease had at least one abnormality of these parameters. We
      suggest that it is technically feasible to evaluate both cardiac function and
      myocardial perfusion simultaneously by combining Au-195m ventriculography and T1
      201 SPECT imaging into a single, noninvasive, diagnostic package.

PMID- 3875122
TI  - [Diagnostic imaging by radioisotopes. Application (VII). Regional circulation and
      energy metabolism in the brain--basic description and study using positron
      emission tomography].

PMID- 3875123
TI  - [Quantification of serum alpha-1-antitrypsin as a biological marker in cancer].

PMID- 3875124
TI  - [Use of endoscopy in the diagnosis of digestive hemorrhage].

PMID- 3875125
TI  - [Percutaneous epidural stimulation of the spinal cord in the treatment of chronic
      pain].

PMID- 3875126
TI  - [Intestinal hemorrhage, shock and encephalopathy, an epidemic syndrome of unknown
      etiology].

PMID- 3875127
TI  - [Digestive disorder caused by Schistosoma haematobium].

PMID- 3875128
TI  - [Incidence of encephalopathy following portocaval shunt].

PMID- 3875129
TI  - [Hypocalcemia, calcium active hormones and osteocalcin in a case of multiple
      myeloma].

PMID- 3875130
TI  - Effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 maternal loads on
      maternal and fetal vitamin D metabolite levels in the rat.
AB  - Two groups of female rats were used to investigate vitamin D metabolism in the
      pregnant animals and in their fetuses. In the first group, 3 micrograms of 25
      hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) per kg of body weight were injected into intact or
      nephrectomized (NX) pregnant rats 3 h before sacrifice on day 21 of pregnancy; in
      the second group, 2 and 6 ng, respectively, of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
      (1,25(OH)2D3) per day were infused continuously into pregnant rats between days
      17 and 21 of pregnancy. The findings in the fetuses were obtained by quantitative
      analysis of extracts (Extrelut) of total fetal body lipids; the extracts were
      purified on Sep Pak and vitamin D sterols were further separated by high-pressure
      liquid chromatography. Three hours after the dams were injected with 25-OH-D3,
      the maternal plasma concentration (mean +/- SD) of 1,25(OH)2D3 was 221 +/- 84
      pg/ml. In NX pregnant rats, the 1,25(OH)2D3 levels were still elevated: 95.6 +/-
      49.0 pg/ml vs 45 +/- 22 pg/ml in control rats. In fetuses from intact or NX dams,
      the levels of 25-OH-D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 were not different from the results
      obtained in the control fetuses but 24,25(OH)2D3 concentrations were increased
      (6.7 +/- 1.2 ng vs 2.2 +/- 0.7 ng/g body weight). After maternal infusion of 2 or
      6 ng/day of 1,25(OH)2D3 (n = 8), plasma concentrations (mean +/- SD) of the
      metabolite were 64 +/- 31 and 517 +/- 356 pg/ml, respectively, the second being
      significantly higher than that of the control rats; 25-OH-D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3
      levels did not change. 1,25(OH)2D3 contents (mean +/- SD) in fetuses from the
      treated dams were not different from those of control fetuses (10 +/- 2 pg/g body
      weight). Our results suggest that pregnant rats and their fetuses were protected
      against an excessive increase of 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations in the maternal
      plasma; although there was some individual hypercalcemia, no significant increase
      in mean calcemia was detected in the dams, and 1,25(OH)2D3 either did not cross
      the placental barrier or was rapidly metabolized because we did not find any
      changes in the fetal content. As in intact or NX pregnant rats, 25-OH-D3 was
      metabolized into 1,25(OH)2D3, the increase of 24,25(OH)2D3 in the fetuses might
      be associated with a protective mechanism.

PMID- 3875131
TI  - Brain imaging and brain function.

PMID- 3875132
TI  - Basic principles for the quantitative estimation of regional cerebral blood flow.

PMID- 3875133
TI  - Pathophysiology of human cerebral ischemia: studies with positron tomography and
      15oxygen.
AB  - Patients with acute occlusion of a major cerebral artery sequentially call on a
      hemodynamic reserve quantifiable in terms of rCBF and rCBV and then an oxygen
      carriage reserve quantifiable in terms of rOER (Fig. 10). If both are exhausted,
      ischemia supervenes and rCMRO2 becomes linearly related to rCBF. Depending on the
      degree and duration of fall in rCMRO2, variable degrees of infarction occur.
      Infarction occurs more rapidly in subcortical than cortical tissue. The phase of
      maximal rOER is short, and rapid evolution by either reflow or delayed cell death
      results in an invariable decline of rOER to subnormal levels in the face of a low
      rCMRO2 (Fig. 11). This combination is characteristic of infarcted tissue. In some
      instances, partial infarction with a low perfusion reserve is observed with low
      rCMRO2, high though submaximal rOER, and no increase in rCMRO2 if rCBF is raised.
      This is a precarious situation predisposing to extension of infarction and
      suggests blood pressure should not be lowered acutely after a stroke unless the
      latter is caused by hypertensive encephalopathy. This pattern, however, is rare,
      short-lived, and usually followed by late reflow or further infarction as a
      further fall in rCPP occurs, transiently or permanently. Tests of rCPP and the
      two homeostatic mechanisms involved in maintaining rCMRO2 using non-PET
      techniques suggest themselves and might form an objective basis for selection of
      patients for prophylactic revascularization or bypass operations. PET techniques
      are now becoming available for assessing the blood-brain barrier, tissue pH, and
      amino acid metabolism, all of which may have relevance to the further
      understanding of the evolution of infarcts. The rapid study of very early
      ischemic events is now required to elucidate further the potential for cerebral
      salvage therapy once ischemia has occurred.

PMID- 3875134
TI  - Brain imaging of glucose utilization in cerebral tumors.

PMID- 3875135
TI  - Study design in the investigation of mood disorders with PET.

PMID- 3875137
TI  - Formulae for cause-deleted life tables.
AB  - The medical and demographic literature contain two popular formulae for the
      construction of cause-deleted life table lx values, one developed for
      applications in follow-up studies and the other for cross-sectional studies. It
      turns out that for both types of applications one of the two formulae is
      virtually always of better quality than the other. A formula developed by Keyfitz
      and Frauenthal is usually better than either.

PMID- 3875136
TI  - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced dopamine D2 receptor
      hypersensitivity in the mouse is transient.
AB  - Adult C57 B1 mice were injected with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
      (MPTP) using two dosage regimens. Following a 20 mg/kg/hour X 4 schedule, the
      number of dopamine D2 receptors labeled by 3H-spiperone was significantly
      increased at 2 days following the last injection of MPTP (124 +/- 8.0% of control
      values; p less than 0.025). Scatchard analysis revealed an increase in the number
      of 3H-spiperone binding sites. No significant difference between the control and
      MPTP treated animals could be detected in 3H-spiperone binding at 4 and 6 days
      following the short term MPTP treatment. Similarly, a regimen of 30 mg/kg/day X
      10 MPTP caused a transient increase in 3H-spiperone binding to dopamine D2
      receptors (1 day: 143 +/- 12%, p less than 0.01; 10 days: 101 +/- 3.7%, p greater
      than 0.05). These results suggest that MPTP does not produce permanent
      supersensitivity of dopamine D2 receptors in the mouse.

PMID- 3875138
TI  - [Ferjol's asthenia syndrome. Apropos of a case].
AB  - The authors report a case of Ferjol's asthenia (hypochromic anaemia due to
      deliberately induced bleeding) occurring in the post-partum period in a young
      primiparous woman. After describing their hesitations about the diagnosis, they
      briefly review this curious syndrome.

PMID- 3875139
TI  - Factors influencing the sample size, exemplified by studies on gastroduodenal
      tolerability of drugs.
AB  - The necessary number of subjects to be included in a clinical trial depends on
      different factors. Exemplified by clinical trials on gastroduodenal tolerability
      of NSAID, we show how the sample size increases when the significance level
      decreases, the detection level increases, or the clinically relevant difference
      decreases. The sample size also increases when the trial design is changed from a
      cross-over to a parallel-group design. It is concluded from an ethical and
      statistical point of view that the sample size must be calculated when planning a
      study.

PMID- 3875140
TI  - Chronic pancreatitis in patients with sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative
      colitis.
AB  - In the 4-year period 1980-83 sclerosing cholangitis was demonstrated in 7 out of
      151 patients with ulcerative colitis hospitalized in our department. Total
      ulcerative colitis was demonstrated in all patients with sclerosing cholangitis,
      whereas abnormal pancreatograms compatible with chronic pancreatitis were seen in
      four of these patients. According to the criteria of Kasugai, one had minimal,
      two moderate, and one advanced changes of chronic pancreatitis. Although three of
      four patients had been treated with drugs known to induce pancreatitis
      (sulfasalazine and corticosteroids), it is tempting to assume that ulcerative
      colitis, sclerosing cholangitis, and pancreatitis, when seen in combination, are
      manifestations of autoimmune diseases with a genetic predisposition. A mechanical
      mechanism for the development of chronic pancreatitis in sclerosing cholangitis
      must also be considered.

PMID- 3875141
TI  - Introduction to the epidemiology of dyspepsia.
AB  - When discussing epidemiological data we must consider the tools of assessment and
      the selection of the target population. As a rule, well designed population
      studies give us an accurate but crude picture of what is going on. What we gain
      in details with a more elaborate method we often lose when we want to generalise.
      Population studies in Goteborg have shown that the prevalence of dyspepsia is the
      same among men and women in the age groups between 30-70 years. After the age of
      50 dyspepsia is less common. With the methods described, it was not possible to
      make a clear distinction between the ulcer dyspepsia group and the non-ulcer
      dyspepsia group except for smoking (which was more common in the ulcer dyspepsia
      group).

PMID- 3875142
TI  - Distribution of Ig classes and IgG subclasses among human B cells activated by
      Nocardia opaca-delipidated cell mitogen or by pokeweed mitogen.
AB  - The relative proportions of cells synthesizing the three major Ig classes or one
      of the four IgG subclasses in cultures stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) or
      Nocardia-delipidated cell mitogen (NDCM) were investigated. In cultures of human
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB MNC) stimulated with PWM, the number of
      IgG-containing cells (CC) was higher than the number of IgM-CC, and a substantial
      number of IgA-CC was found. Conversely, in NDCM-stimulated PB MNC cultures IgM-CC
      outnumbered IgG-CC and only few IgA-CC were detected. In those cultures, the
      removal of T cells resulted in an increase in the number of IgM-CC concomitant
      with a decrease in the number of IgG-CC. A substantial number of cells containing
      simultaneously IgG or IgA in addition to IgM could be found in PWM-stimulated
      cultures. These cells were virtually absent in NDCM-stimulated cultures. The
      relative proportions of IgG subclass-CC were IgG1-CC greater than IgG2-CC greater
      than IgG3-CC greater than or equal to IgG4-CC in PWM-stimulated and IgG2-CC
      greater than IgG1-CC greater than IgG3-CC greater than or equal to IgG4-CC in
      NDCM-stimulated cultures. The removal of T cells from NDCM-stimulated cultures
      did not result in major alteration of this distribution. The role of T cells and
      of the genomic order of the Igh-C genes in their phenotypic expression triggered
      in vitro by PBA is discussed.

PMID- 3875143
TI  - Synthesis and turnover of the putative T-lymphocyte antigen receptor.
AB  - Cells of an antigen-specific T-cell clone, A37.4, were treated with the
      proteolytic enzymes trypsin or pronase to remove the T-cell antigen receptor.
      Removal of the receptor, analysed by surface labelling and non-reduced/reduced
      gel electrophoresis, stimulated the cells to synthesize new protein rapidly. New
      membrane protein was readily detectable within 3 h after reculture, and it was
      able to interact with antigen-presenting cells, since the T cells could be
      stimulated to produce interferon. Treatment of cells with metabolic inhibitors
      demonstrated that there was only a small cytoplasmic pool of protein, and de novo
      synthesis of mRNA was necessary for quantitative replacement of the membrane
      protein. The protein also required glycosylation for transport and insertion into
      the membrane. Despite rapid resynthesis of new receptor, when surface-labelled
      cells were recultured either with or without antigen-presenting cells, there was
      not a rapid turnover of the receptor. There was also no evidence of any loss of
      receptor from the membrane of antigen-stimulated cells or of any shedding of
      receptor into the culture medium.

PMID- 3875144
TI  - Mycoplasma mimicry of lymphokine activity in T-cell lines.
AB  - During screening of T-T hybridomas for B-cell-stimulating factors (BSF) we found
      in the conditioned medium of such a line (TUH-14) an activity that turned out to
      cosediment with a contaminating strain of Mycoplasma arginini on centrifugation.
      Since it only affected B blasts and only to a minor extent small cells and since
      it did not induce immunoglobulin secretion, the mycoplasma strain seemed to mimic
      a BSF. M. arginini was also found in two other T-T hybridoma producer lines but
      not in a clone of the EL-4 line. Three other M. arginini isolates were not
      stimulatory for B cells. The presented results point towards the importance of
      careful control for mycoplasma contamination in established cell lines.

PMID- 3875145
TI  - Polyclonal activation of B cells during rubella infection.
AB  - Intensive spontaneous production of IgG by peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro
      is detected at the onset of rash in patients with rubella virus infection. The
      IgG synthesized consists not only of antibodies against rubella virus specific
      antigens but also of antibodies to unrelated viruses.

PMID- 3875146
TI  - Quantification of soluble E-receptor in the serum of patients with various
      diseases and its accompanying in vitro immunosuppression in neoplasia.
AB  - Evidence in the literature indicates that soluble E-receptor in the serum may
      modulate T-dependent immune response. We have developed a solid-phase
      radioimmunoassay to measure the soluble form of E-receptor from various sources.
      The assay detects solubilized antigens derived from E-receptor-bearing T
      lymphocytes and not with non-E-receptor-bearing B lymphocytes. The sensitivity
      limit of the assay is 0.1 ng/ml of purified E-receptor antigen. Using this assay,
      one can show that the T-cell mitogen phytohaemagglutinin stimulated both
      lymphocytes and cells of the resting human T-cell lymphoma cell line Jurkat to
      shed or secrete E-receptor into the culture medium. Results of the
      radioimmunoassay performed on human sera indicated that some patients with
      Hodgkin's disease, melanoma, sarcoma, or acute or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
      had elevated levels of this antigen in their serum, whereas normal human sera
      registered lower levels. Elevated levels of the soluble form of E-receptor in the
      serum were suggestive of an in vitro assessment of their immunosuppressive
      activity. These results indicate that activation of T-cell immunity in vivo may
      result in humoral immunosuppression.

PMID- 3875147
TI  - Influenza virus-specific T cells fail to reduce lung virus titres in cyclosporin
      treated, infected mice.
AB  - Cyclosporin A (CsA) inhibited the function(s) of transferred influenza-specific
      K,D-restricted cytotoxic T cells, which led to clearance of virus in the lungs of
      influenza virus-infected mice. CsA had no effect on the migration of the
      transferred cells to the lungs. The pattern of migration and the number of cells
      recovered from the lungs were similar when cells were transferred into normal,
      untreated, infected or CsA-treated, infected mice. CsA had no effect on the in
      vitro expression of cytotoxic activity by the K,D-restricted cytotoxic T cells.
      These findings strongly suggest that the in vivo clearance of influenza virus by
      K,D-restricted cytotoxic T cells involves a lymphokine mechanism.

PMID- 3875148
TI  - Relation of alcohol, physical activity, dietary fat and smoking to serum HDL and
      total cholesterol in young Finnish men.
AB  - The study was based on 471 men, aged 19 to 20 years, who started their compulsory
      military service in three military bases in Southwest, Southeast and Northern
      Finland in February 1982. The data were gathered by means of self-administered
      questionnaires. A fasting venous blood specimen was taken to determine serum HDL
      and total cholesterol, gamma-glutamyltransferase and thiocyanate. In this cross
      sectional study a few variables based on the self-administered questionnaire
      explained 8% and 7% of the variation in serum HDL and total cholesterol,
      respectively. Our results show that easily measurable behavioural factors do
      contribute to serum HDL and total cholesterol levels in young men. In our study
      the impact of alcohol consumption on serum HCL cholesterol was greater than in
      most previous studies. Our findings give additional support to the hypothesis
      that even a very modest amount of regular physical exercise has the effect of
      increasing the serum HDL cholesterol level.

PMID- 3875149
TI  - [Characteristics of terminal analgesics-induced nephropathy].
AB  - The diagnosis of analgesic-associated nephropathy (AAN) may be missed because of
      the patients denial or regular analgesic intake. We therefore performed a cross
      sectional study of the 144 patients of our hemodialysis center to investigate
      differences between the 48 patients with AAN (33%) and patients with other kidney
      diseases who served as controls. The aim was to find other attributes of
      analgesic users relating to social history, habits and morbidity. Dialysis
      patients with AAN were significantly older (60 +/- 10 versus 52 +/- 15 years) and
      more frequently women (65% versus 37%) compared with controls; they often had a
      family history of analgesic abuse. Comparison with an age-matched control group
      of hemodialysis patients with other kidney diseases showed that AAN patients
      smoked, used hypnotics and laxatives, and required prescriptions significantly
      more frequently; they were less frequently willing to undergo renal
      transplantation. With regard to accompanying diseases, they suffered
      significantly more often than the age-matched controls from anemia, renal
      osteodystrophy, peptic ulcer disease, diverticulosis, hemorrhoids, atrial
      fibrillation, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, carpal tunnel syndrome, and
      urinary tract infections. The characteristic pattern of habits, social history
      and accompanying diseases may facilitate the diagnosis of AAN even in cases where
      analgesic consumption is denied.

PMID- 3875150
TI  - [Increase of alcohol, tobacco and drug consumption by 19-year-old men. A cross
      sectional comparison 1971-1978-1982].
AB  - The consumption of alcohol, tobacco, hypnotics and pain killers has been compared
      in three populations of 19-year-old men drawn from the Canton of Zurich in 1971
      (6315), 1978 (3802) and 1982 (7341). The percentage of non-consumers in all
      substances had risen in 1982 above earlier values. The (mean) consumption of
      tobacco fell from 9.4 g in 1971 to 6.4 g tobacco/day in 1982, though the average
      cigarette consumption (of the cigarette smokers) only fell from 15.7 to 15.2
      cigarettes/day. Alcohol consumption (beer, wine, spirits) decreased slightly from
      5.3 glasses/week (mean 1978) to 5.0 glasses/week (mean 1982). These results are
      compared with investigations in other Swiss populations.

PMID- 3875151
TI  - T-cell receptor beta-chain expression: dependence on relatively few variable
      region genes.
AB  - Fifteen independently isolated complementary DNA clones that contain T-cell
      receptor (TCR) V beta genes were sequenced and found to represent 11 different V
      beta genes. When compared with known sequences, 14 different V beta genes could
      be defined from a total of 25 complementary DNA's; 11 clones therefore involved
      repeated usage of previously identified V beta's. Based on these data, we
      calculate a maximum likelihood estimate of the number of expressed germline V
      beta genes to be 18 with an upper 95 percent confidence bound of 30 genes.
      Southern blot analysis has shown that most of these genes belong to single
      element subfamilies which show very limited interstrain polymorphism. The TCR
      beta-chain diversity appears to be generated from a limited V beta gene pool
      primarily by extensive variability at the variable-diversity-joining (V-D-J)
      junctional site, with no evidence for the involvement of somatic hypermutation.

PMID- 3875152
TI  - Locus of the alpha-chain of the T-cell receptor is split by chromosome
      translocation in T-cell leukemias.
AB  - Mouse lymphoma cells were hybridized with two human acute T-cell leukemias with a
      t(11;14) (p13;q11) translocation and the segregated hybrids were examined for the
      presence of the DNA segments coding for the constant (C) and the variable (V)
      regions of the alpha chain (C alpha and V alpha) of the T-cell receptor. The C
      alpha segment was translocated to the involved chromosome 11 (11p+) while the V
      alpha segment remained on the involved chromosome 14 (14q-). The data indicate
      that the locus for the alpha chain of the T-cell receptor is split by the
      chromosomal breakpoint between the V alpha and the C alpha gene segments, and
      that the V alpha segments are proximal to the C alpha segment within chromosome
      band 14q11.2.

PMID- 3875154
TI  - Variceal hemorrhage.

PMID- 3875153
TI  - Persistent chest pain due to sternal wire sutures: a complication of coronary
      artery bypass surgery.
AB  - Disabling incisional pain weeks or months after coronary artery bypass surgery
      should prompt an investigation for a postmidsternotomy chest wall complication.
      Our patient had symptomatic relief after the removal of a painful sternal wire
      suture. Prompt recognition of this delayed chest wall complication, which can be
      confused with cardiac pain, may obviate a more lengthy and costly evaluation.

PMID- 3875155
TI  - Graft-enteric fistulas and erosions.
AB  - From 1971 to 1983, we treated eight patients with graft-enteric fistulas and one
      patient with graft-enteric erosion after implantation of Dacron vascular
      prostheses. The lesions became symptomatic from two weeks to 58 months after
      implantation. A graft-duodenal fistula was seen in six of the patients, one
      fistula occurred between the graft and jejunum and one was present between the
      graft and sigmoid colon. The erosion occurred between the graft and duodenum. In
      seven patients, infection was present. Eight patients are presently alive. A
      graft-enteric fistula should be suspected in all patients with grafts in the
      aortoiliac segment and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract or signs of
      infection of unclear origin. Laparotomy should be offered at wide indications
      since failure to recognize the situation leads to the death of the patient.

PMID- 3875156
TI  - Cellular immune defects in patients with melanoma involving interleukin-2
      activated lymphocyte cytotoxicity and a serum suppressor factor.
AB  - Interleukin-2 (IL-2) can stimulate human blood lymphocytes to acquire tumor
      cytotoxicity, designated as lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cytotoxicity. In 29
      of 33 patients with melanoma, LAK cytotoxicity could be induced with recombinant
      IL-2 against fresh (noncultured) autologous and/or allogeneic melanoma cells.
      There was an excellent correlation of LAK cytotoxicity with the clinical stage of
      disease when the cells were incubated with medium containing IL-2 plus 10% fetal
      calf serum (p = 0.003). The 14 patients with localized melanomas (group I) had
      the same level of specific lysis as did 16 normal controls (24% versus 25%).
      Eleven patients with resectable regional or distant metastases (group II) had a
      lower level of cytotoxicity compared with normal controls (16% vs 25%), while
      those with unresectable distant metastases (group III) had the lowest level of
      cytotoxicity compared with controls (9% versus 25%). When aliquots of lymphocytes
      from the same patients were cultured with 10% autologous human serum, the levels
      of LAK cytotoxicity were even lower in patients with localized melanoma and
      resectable metastases compared with normal controls (15% and 9%, respectively,
      versus 27% for controls; p = 0.0007). This was due to a serum suppressor factor
      that inhibited the induction of cytotoxic activity in LAK precursors. The level
      of cytotoxicity in these patients increased to baseline levels after surgery and
      the serum suppressor factor disappeared in six of the seven patients in whom it
      was present before surgery. Thus induction of LAK cytotoxicity requires IL-2,
      decreases with advancing stages of disease, and is inhibited by a serum
      suppressor factor related to tumor growth.

PMID- 3875157
TI  - "Activated" T-lymphocyte levels in the spontaneously diabetic BB rat syndrome.
AB  - About 50% of individual members of a diabetes-prone stock of BB rats eventually
      become hyperglycemic (usually between 60 and 180 days of age) while the remainder
      remain normoglycemic for life. Circulating levels of Ia antigen bearing T
      lymphocytes from different lymphoid compartments of acutely diabetic and
      normoglycemic (but diabetes prone) BB rats were determined with monoclonal
      antibodies in an effort to analyze the temporal relationship between levels of
      this unusual T cell antigen and the onset of diabetes. In young normoglycemic
      rats elevated blood levels of Ia-positive T-lymphocytes (greater than or equal to
      4.00%) predicted the future development of hyperglycemia with a sensitivity of
      85% and a specificity of 83%. The interval between the identification of these
      elevated levels and the onset of diabetes ranged from 22 to 82 days. After the
      development of hyperglycemia the level of Ia-positive T-lymphocytes declined
      progressively in all lymphoid compartments with chronicity of the diabetes. We
      conclude that Ia antigens bearing T cells serve as immunologic "markers" of
      susceptibility to diabetes in this "high-risk" population and probably reflect an
      ongoing immune process during the prediabetic state. Similar findings in humans
      with a family history of diabetes might lead to identification of prediabetic
      individuals and allow selective use of immunomodulation to prevent the disease.

PMID- 3875158
TI  - Two approaches for electrohydraulic lithotripsy in the common bile duct.
AB  - Electrohydraulic lithotripsy is a method used to break up a stone by electric
      discharge in the presence of liquid medium. After the effect of crushing
      gallstones was tested in vitro, efficacy and safety of this method were
      investigated with 11 mongrel dogs. When the electrode was in touch with or close
      to the bile duct wall, the discharge caused perforation or potentially serious
      mucosal injury. However, a stone held in a basket catheter combined with the
      lithotripsy probe was fragmented safely in the bile duct in all the animals. Bile
      duct manometry showed a transient fall, which was followed by a slight increase,
      of the pressure on crushing the stone. After these studies in animals, three
      patients with stones in the common bile duct were treated successfully with the
      device via the percutaneous transhepatic route (one patient) or through the
      duodenoscopic route (two patients). Two approaches are now available for
      electrohydraulic lithotripsy in the common bile duct.

PMID- 3875159
TI  - [Clinical course of herpes zoster in middle-aged and elderly persons].
AB  - The clinical progress of herpes zoster (HZ) was studied in 216 patients under 60
      years and in elderly and senile persons. A clear relationship was revealed
      between the gravity of the clinical progress of HZ and the patients' age. The
      number of patients with grave HZ patterns and with HZ of medium gravity was found
      to be increasing in elderly and senile persons. It was also established that HZ
      took a graver course in patients aggravated with concomitant pathology. The
      concomitant diseases are demonstrated to have a multifactorial aggravating effect
      on the progress of HZ.

PMID- 3875160
TI  - Pulmonary sarcoidosis: alterations in bronchoalveolar lymphocytes and T cell
      subsets.
AB  - Peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocyte subpopulations have been
      evaluated in 14 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and eight normal subjects,
      monoclonal antibodies of the leu series being used. No significant alterations of
      T lymphocyte subpopulations were found in the peripheral blood of sarcoidosis
      patients. There was, however, a significantly greater proportion of T suppressor
      cytotoxic cells (36.0 (SD 17.6%] in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients
      than of normal subjects (15% (5.6%); p less than 0.01), but a decrease in the
      proportion of T helper-inducer cells (51.1% (18%) v 79.3% (9%). These changes
      correlated with the duration of the disease but not with other clinical,
      radiological, physiological, or biochemical criteria. Patients were followed up
      for six to 20 months and five patients had a repeat bronchoalveolar lavage and
      lymphocyte subpopulation evaluation after three to 14 months. The initial
      pulmonary T lymphocyte subset proportions were not predictive of clinical,
      physiological, or radiological alterations during follow up. There was also no
      consistent pattern in the relationship between change in T subset proportions and
      change in clinical physiological, and radiological features in the five patients
      having a repeat lavage. Lymphocyte surface marker studies may indicate
      immunopathogenetic mechanisms in sarcoidosis but do not appear to be good
      predictors of clinical outcome.

PMID- 3875161
TI  - Phrenic and diaphragm function after coronary artery bypass grafting.
AB  - We studied respiratory mechanics and phrenic nerve and diaphragm function in 12
      patients on the day before and eight to 13 days after coronary artery bypass
      grafting. The average vital capacity, functional residual capacity, and total
      lung capacity decreased by 20.5%, 9.5%, and 14.7% respectively after operation.
      Eleven patients showed less negative maximum inspiratory mouth pressures at any
      given lung volume after surgery and the magnitude of the change correlated with
      the reduction in total lung capacity. In 11 of the 12 patients the conduction
      times of the right and left phrenic nerves did not change substantially after
      operation and the ratio of inspiratory electrical activity (Edi) of left and
      right hemidiaphragms was similar before and after the procedure. One patient,
      however, showed a considerable increase in left phrenic nerve conduction time and
      a reduction in the left to right Edi ratio postoperatively. In three patients
      diaphragm function was also assessed by changes in transdiaphragmatic pressure
      during supramaximal phrenic nerve stimulation and voluntary increase in inspired
      volume; in none of the three patients did the transdiaphragmatic pressure swings
      show any significant change in the postoperative period. These data indicate that
      phrenic nerve paralysis only occasionally accounts for the postoperative loss of
      lung volume after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. The mechanism of these
      abnormalities therefore remains to be determined.

PMID- 3875162
TI  - Immunohistological analysis of lung tissue from patients with cryptogenic
      fibrosing alveolitis suggesting local expression of immune hypersensitivity.
AB  - Immunohistological analysis using monoclonal antibodies in conjunction with
      histochemical techniques has been applied to lung biopsy material from patients
      with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Subsets of lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells
      have been identified in situ. This analysis showed that the inflammatory cells
      present were predominantly mononuclear. Most of the lymphoid cells were B
      lymphocytes, organised into follicles with occasional germinal centre formation.
      IgM was the major class of immunoglobulin expressed. Both T4+ and T8+ lymphocytes
      were seen diffusely distributed in the interstitium. The T4+ positive cells were
      also seen within the B lymphoid follicles. Almost all non-lymphoid cells
      expressed the phenotype of inflammatory macrophages, but a few also expressed a
      phenotype characteristic of interdigitating cells. These results suggest that a
      local B lymphoid immune response is occurring in cryptogenic fibrosing
      alveolitis. The possibility that a cell mediated immune response is also emerging
      is discussed.

PMID- 3875163
TI  - Multimeric analysis of von Willebrand factor in megakaryocytes.
AB  - Von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a glycoprotein that appears to play a major role
      in subserving the adhesion of platelets to subendothelium during hemostasis.
      Endothelial cells have been shown capable of synthesizing and releasing this
      large, multimeric glycoprotein that normally circulates in the plasma in
      association with the factor VIII coagulant molecule. Megakaryocytes, the
      precursor cells of blood platelets, also appear to possess vWF biosynthetic
      capacity, since cultured guinea pig megakaryocytes have been shown to produce a
      polypeptide precipitable by antibody to vWF. We now report a study of the
      multimeric structure of vWF in the megakaryocyte, as well as a quantitative
      comparison of megakaryocyte vWF with that of platelets and plasma in the guinea
      pig. Multimeric analysis on SDS agarose gels employing 125I-emu anti-human vWF
      revealed striking homology between human and guinea pig vWF. Platelets and
      megakaryocytes from the same guinea pigs contained vWF of highly comparable
      multimeric composition. Moreover, megakaryocytes and platelets both contained a
      subset of very high molecular weight multimers not present in plasma.
      Quantitation of vWF in megakaryocytes and platelets was achieved with a
      radioimmunoassay performed on detergent (NP-40) lysates of washed cells. These
      measurements showed that megakaryocytes and platelets contain 0.079 and 0.069 U
      of vWF per mg protein, respectively. The results of these studies suggest that
      megakaryocytes represent the primary, if in fact not sole, source of platelet
      vWF.

PMID- 3875164
TI  - The comparative toxicity of vitamin D metabolites in the weanling mouse.
AB  - The potential toxicity of vitamin D, alpha-calcidol [1 alpha(OH)D3], and
      calcitriol [1,25(OH)2D3] was studied by administration of these compounds at
      three different doses to weanling C57BL/6J mice over a 4-week period. Drug
      effects on calcium were monitored by serum calcium and urine calcium/creatinine
      ratio determinations. Tests of renal function included serum creatinine, 24-h
      urine volume, urinary protein, and glucose excretion, and histological evaluation
      of renal tissue. At 2 weeks, serum calcium was significantly elevated in animals
      receiving the higher doses of alpha-calcidol (2.78 +/- 0.25 at 50 ng/kg and 3.45
      +/- 0.13 at 250 ng/kg body wt vs 2.14 +/- 0.06 mmol/l in controls, respectively).
      A similar effect was seen in the urinary calcium/creatinine ratio but serum
      creatinine remained unchanged. By 4 weeks, all animals receiving alpha-calcidol
      had significantly higher serum calcium and urinary calcium/creatinine ratios than
      other groups. Severe nephrocalcinosis was observed in the high-dose alpha
      calcidol group only. We conclude that alpha-calcidol is more toxic than
      calcitriol in the mouse and suggest that the degree of toxicity is correlated to
      the degree of hypercalcemia and to the vitamin D metabolite used.

PMID- 3875165
TI  - [Acute-phase markers in gynecologic tumors].
AB  - The serum concentration of 3 acute phase reactants (APR) (Caeruloplasmin, Alpha-1
      antitrypsin and C-reactive protein) was measured by Mancini-technique
      praetherapeutically in a group of 214 patients with different sites of
      gynecological tumors. A group of 27 healthy women was used for comparison. In
      benign tumors Caeruloplasmin had in cases of myoma significantly (5%-standard)
      more elevated levels than normal group. In all cases with malignancies all 3 APR
      had significantly more elevated levels than in benign tumors. In cases of
      carcinoma of ovary all 3 APR had significant more elevated levels than benign
      ovarian tumors. The percentage of praetherapeutically elevated Alpha-1
      antitrypsin levels was higher, while the percentage of elevated CRP-levels in
      cases with benign ovarian tumors ("false positive") was lower in comparison to
      accepted markers for ovarian cancer. Thus it appears to be indicated to prove the
      value of measurement of APR for monitoring in gynecological oncology.

PMID- 3875166
TI  - CBF before and after extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery in patients with
      ischemic cerebrovascular disease studied with 133Xe-inhalation tomography.
AB  - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was studied by 133Xenon inhalation tomography in 22
      patients with symptoms of ischemic cerebrovascular disease before and after
      establishment of an extracranial-intracranial bypass shunt. Selection of patients
      for shunting was based on angiographically demonstrated arterial occlusions and
      on the finding of focal low flow areas corresponding to the clinical symptoms,
      that consisted mainly of minor stroke with good remission and with or without
      subsequent TIAs. It was required that the area of low flow should clearly exceed
      the CT lesion present in practically all cases. Following surgery, the permanent
      neurologic deficits remained unchanged, while the TIAs stopped in all but one
      case. Two patients showed a definite increase of CBF in the low flow area while
      another two showed a questionable increase. All the other cases, 18 of the 22,
      showed an unchanged tomographic flow map with no trend towards diminution in
      extension or severity of the focal hypoperfused area. A persistent low flow in
      areas with no corresponding CT lesion following alleviation of a possible flow
      impediment is interpreted to represent an incomplete infarction or diaschisis.

PMID- 3875167
TI  - Simultaneous therapy with antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs in symptomatic
      cardiovascular disease.
AB  - Twenty of approximately 1000 patients attending the arteriosclerosis clinic at
      MIT during a 13 year period were treated simultaneously with aspirin and warfarin
      for symptomatic atherosclerotic (19) or rheumatic (1) heart or vascular disease.
      The average duration of therapy was 5.8 years. Thirteen patients suffered from
      familial hyperlipoproteinemia; only one patient had none of the major risk
      factors for arteriosclerosis. Refractory symptoms were related to the central
      nervous system in 13, peripheral vascular system in 5 and the heart in 2. All
      twenty patients became asymptomatic or showed marked clinical improvement on
      aspirin plus warfarin therapy. While on this therapy, complications, both
      thrombotic and hemorrhagic, occurred in 7 of the 20 patients (graft embolus in 1,
      and bleeding in 6; with one death as a result of intracranial bleeding) and
      sudden death, probably from acute myocardial ischemia, in a further 2 patients.
      We conclude that when alternative therapies are impossible or have proven to be
      of no avail in patients suffering from the complications of advanced
      atherosclerosis, the simultaneous administration of aspirin and warfarin may be a
      therapeutic alternative, although very close and careful followup of the
      patients' prothrombin times and clinical status is essential.

PMID- 3875168
TI  - The genetics of acute anterior uveitis.
AB  - Acute anterior uveitis (AAU), and the many diseases with which it is associated,
      may be inherited. The antigen HLA-B27, on the 6th chromosome, increases the risk
      of AAU twenty-fold. AAU is also associated with an unusual phenotype, MZ, on the
      14th chromosome--particularly when the AAU is related to ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 3875169
TI  - Post-operative bacterial endophthalmitis.
AB  - This paper critically reviews current practice in the United Kingdom in the
      presence of post-operative bacterial endophthalmitis. An appropriate therapeutic
      regime is suggested and the value of vitrectomy is emphasised together with the
      importance of the administration of intra-vitreal and intra-venous antibiotics.

PMID- 3875170
TI  - Candidal endophthalmitis in Glaswegian heroin addicts: report of an epidemic.
AB  - Nine heroin addicts with presumed candidal endophthalmitis were seen in Glasgow
      between November 1982 and April 1984. Six patients during a two month period in
      1983. The physical symptoms and signs observed, results of laboratory
      investigations and responses to anti-fungal chemotherapy are reported.
      Epidemiological factors relating to possible sources of infection are explored.

PMID- 3875171
TI  - Mitogen responses and T4/T8 ratios in asymptomatic hemophiliac patients.
AB  - Lymphocyte responses to mitogen stimulation were studied in healthy hemophiliac
      patients. To study kinetics and dose response, three different concentrations of
      the mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were used, and
      proliferation was measured on each of 6 days. Patients with T4/T8 ratios of less
      than 1.00 showed decreased proliferation compared to normal controls and to
      hemophiliac patients with ratios greater than 1.00. These findings were more
      pronounced with PWM than with PHA. Over the range of concentrations tested,
      patients and controls showed similar dose responses to PHA; no dose responses to
      PWM were demonstrable. There were no significant differences among the patient
      and control groups in kinetics of response to either mitogen. Interleukin-II (IL
      2) activity produced in response to PHA stimulation also was studied. Hemophiliac
      patients with T4/T8 ratios less than 1.00 showed decreased IL-2 activity in 48
      hour PHA culture supernatants compared to normal controls and hemophiliac
      patients with ratios greater than 1.00.

PMID- 3875172
TI  - Testing for T-activation by bovine albumin.

PMID- 3875173
TI  - Irradiated spleen allografts: an ideal model for the study of infiltrating
      effector cells.

PMID- 3875174
TI  - [Rheumatologic manifestations in diabetes].

PMID- 3875175
TI  - [The occupational environment and health of slaughterhouse workers. IV. Stress,
      fatigue and psychosomatic symptoms].

PMID- 3875176
TI  - [Nephritis and the presence of antiribonucleoprotein antibodies in disseminated
      lupus erythematosus in children and adolescents].

PMID- 3875177
TI  - Cone mechanisms underlying the color discrimination of deutan color deficients.
AB  - An alternation method of color matching was used to obtain a series of extended
      Rayleigh matches from several deutan color deficients with varying degrees of
      color discrimination. With large stimulus fields there were differences in the
      matches made by observers with good color discrimination and the matches made by
      observers with poor color discrimination. The matches made by observers with poor
      discrimination could not be modeled with normal cone action spectra. When the
      field size was reduced the matches of all observers were quite similar and could
      be modeled with two cone action spectra that were normal in shape and separated
      by approximately 5 nm. Results suggest that individual differences in ability to
      discriminate color among deutan observers are not solely related to differences
      in the cone action spectra.

PMID- 3875178
TI  - The specific inhibition of 11-cis-retinyl palmitate formation in the frog eye by
      diaminophenoxypentane, an inhibitor of rhodopsin regeneration.
AB  - The antischistosomal drug 1,5-di-(p-aminophenoxy) pentane (DAPP), an inhibitor of
      rhodopsin regeneration in the vertebrate retina, is shown to completely block the
      production of 11-cis-retinyl palmitate in the frog eye. An untreated frog
      generates a large amount of 11-cis-retinyl palmitate during 1-2 days in the dark
      after a strong bleach. Also, it is demonstrated that DAPP can deplete the stores
      of 11-cis-retinyl palmitate in the dark-adapted frog eye. The specificity of
      DAPP's inhibition of dark-adaptation is explored, and the usefulness of employing
      retinotoxic drugs to investigate the physiology and biochemistry of rhodopsin
      regeneration is discussed.

PMID- 3875179
TI  - [Personal experience in the use of Tissucol in osteoarticular surgery].

PMID- 3875180
TI  - [Effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on
      calcium homeostasis in rats treated with hydrocortisone].
AB  - Physiological dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 (0.03 microgram) normalized the phosphorus
      calcium metabolism and improved the state of bone tissue in rats treated with
      hydrocortisone. An increased dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 (0.15 microgram) caused
      hyperphosphatemia and augmented osteoporotic alterations in the hydrocortisone
      treated animals. 24,25(OH)2D3 at a dose of 0.3 mg did not exhibit any positive
      effect on phosphorus-calcium metabolism and on the state of bone tissue in rats
      with exogenous hypercorticoidism. At the same time, high doses of 24,25(OH)2D3
      increased distinctly the bone tissue density as well as the content of calcium
      and phosphorus. The most favourable state of the calcium homeostasis and of bone
      tissue in exogenous hypercorticoidism was observed after simultaneous
      administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3. These data suggest that a set
      functionally active metabolites of vitamin D3 should be used in cases of long
      term treatment with glucocorticoids.

PMID- 3875181
TI  - [Dynamic sampling analysis of the immune status of breast cancer patients].
AB  - Application of a sampling-dynamic procedure for evaluation of the immunologic
      vigor of breast cancer patients established certain differences in the individual
      patient indexes in a clinically uniform study group before treatment. All members
      of the study group received similar treatment which produced identical end
      results. The "immunologic profile" obtained by means of a study of parameter
      interrelationship was found to differ significantly in patients who had a
      favorable and unfavorable course within 2 years post-treatment. A prognostic
      table for selection of the most likely candidates for tumor dissemination and
      recurrence development is presented.

PMID- 3875182
TI  - [Comparison of the immunological indices of the peripheral blood and lymph nodes
      in lymphogranulomatosis in children].
AB  - The paper deals with the evaluation of immunologic vigor in 57 cases of pediatric
      Hodgkin's disease. The study used the standard test of spontaneous rosette
      formation of lymphocytes of peripheral blood and lymph nodes with sheep
      erythrocytes and some modifications of the said procedure. Patients with
      Hodgkin's disease and healthy subjects revealed similar levels of main
      subpopulations of circulating T-lymphocytes. This was matched by a shift in the
      ratio of T-cell subpopulations toward predominant theophylline-resistant ones (T
      helpers) in the lymph nodes of patients with Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3875183
TI  - [Evaluation of the general condition of patients with acute gastrointestinal
      hemorrhage].

PMID- 3875185
TI  - [Prevention of post-neuritic facial contracture by electric stimulation].

PMID- 3875184
TI  - [Characteristics of membrane markers of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients
      with subleukemic myelosis].

PMID- 3875186
TI  - [Fractional analysis of urinary alpha-amylase as a tubeless method of diagnosis
      of biliary dyskinesia in hepatitis A].

PMID- 3875187
TI  - Long-term follow-up of patients having cardiac catheterization and cardiac
      operation. Small community hospital results before and after surgery program.
AB  - We followed, for a mean period of 67 months, 710 unselected consecutive cases of
      cardiac catheterization. Catheterizations were done on 298 patients without an in
      house cardiac surgery team. When a cardiac operation was required, patients in
      this group were referred to a distant university medical center and were followed
      up after 49 and again at 103 months. After the community hospital's surgical team
      was established, 412 patients were catheterized and follow-up carried out for 45
      months. Results show that patients in a community hospital without an in-house
      cardiac surgery team can be catheterized with low risk, then transferred safely
      to a distant center for surgical treatment without interim mortality and with
      good long-term results.

PMID- 3875188
TI  - Hydroxylation and conjugation of phenol by the frog Rana temporaria.
AB  - Frogs injected with phenol excrete 67-95% of dose in 15 h; 32-87% of dose are
      metabolites. Metabolites identified were phenyl sulphate (15-44% of dose), phenyl
      glucuronide (10-25% of dose), catechol sulphate (up to 7% of dose), quinol
      sulphate (1-25% of dose), resorcinol and catechol (traces).

PMID- 3875189
TI  - [Neuromorphological studies of trigeminal ganglion transplants under experimental
      conditions of in vitro culture].

PMID- 3875190
TI  - Studies on the attachment response of Isthmiophora melis cercariae (Trematoda:
      Echinostomatidae).
AB  - The cercaria of Isthmiophora melis is relatively specific to suitable
      intermediate hosts, amphibia and fish, as early as the stage of attachment.
      Attachment responses are maximally stimulated by intact amphibia, whereas
      isolated frog tissues have a reduced efficiency. Human urine contains attachment
      triggering substances. Its effectiveness is reduced, when carbonate systems are
      removed, and may be restored by addition of carbonate. Aqueous solution systems
      of dissolved CO2 and H2CO3/HCO-3 stimulate attachment responses, especially at pH
      6.0-7.5. The attachment response to frog skin surface seems to be triggered by
      the buffering system, which uses carbonate solution equilibria as important
      components.

PMID- 3875191
TI  - [Status of appendicitis in a rural district].
AB  - This report is a comparison of 2 periods (1969-1979 and 1979-1983) where delayed
      admission to hospital (first symptoms till first consultation of a doctor, doctor
      to hospital resp.), operation reports, histology, complication rate and mortality
      rate are evaluated.

PMID- 3875192
TI  - [Electrotherapy in anal incontinence].

PMID- 3875193
TI  - [Otoneurologic symptomatology in mild craniocerebral injuries in the acute
      period].
AB  - Vestibular disorders are observed in all cases of a mild craniocerebral injury
      and are often the only objective sign of the sustained trauma because loss of
      consciousness and neurological symptoms may not infrequently be absent.
      Vestibular disorders are manifested by a small clonic horizontal bilateral
      multiple nystagmus. The caloric test revealed bilateral elevation of the caloric
      nystagmus in terms of duration and nature, with a regular alteration of the
      nystagmic phases. From the 5th to the 10th day after the injury there was an
      increase in asymmetric caloric nystagmus. Mild craniocerebral injury was
      characterized by an increase in sensory and vegetative responses after
      calorization. Spontaneous nystagmus and bilateral hyperreflexia of the caloric
      nystagmus were most expressed in the first 4 days and an increase in sensory and
      vegetative reactions within the first 9 days. Two weeks after a mild
      craniocerebral injury the vestibular disturbances were completely or partially
      compensated for by all parameters, which was expressed in the disappearance of
      the spontaneous nystagmus and the predominance of the symmetrically inhibited
      caloric nystagmus in the absence of sensory-vegetative reactions. In patients
      with diseases involving the cerebral vessels, compensation of vestibular
      disorders following a mild injury tends to be slower.

PMID- 3875194
TI  - [Diagnosis of vestibular disorders in the hypothalamic syndrome].
AB  - Employing clinical and electrophysiological research methods, 40 patients with
      the hypothalamic syndrome (HS) were examined with special emphasis on the
      function of the vestibular system. Polygraphic recording (EEG, ENG, EMG and ECG)
      was made in the alert state, during drug-induced sleep, and immediately after
      awakening. An analysis of the clinical and electrophysiological correlations
      prompted the conclusion that the HS is associated with variable disturbances of
      vestibular function which objectively confirm the presence of the HS and may
      contribute to the differential diagnosis of the disease.

PMID- 3875195
TI  - [Cytotoxic activity of the serum of schizophrenic patients].
AB  - The action of blood serum obtained from 38 schizophrenic patients and 28 control
      subjects was studied on new cells: Chinese hamster kidney, diploid human cells
      and glial cultures of immature ependymoblastoma of type 5 mice (IE-5) and
      neurinoma of rat trigeminal ganglion. Sera of schizophrenic patients--especially
      of those with a continuous course and disease standing over 5 years and with a
      recurrent course and disease standing less than 5 years--were found to be
      significantly more toxic. In the culture of IU-5, sera from schizophrenic
      patients of a younger age (the mean age 27 years) exerted the most pronounced
      cytolytic action. Toxic activity of the serum of schizophrenic patients persisted
      for 14 days at +4 degrees C and 60 days at -30 degrees C but was reduced
      following thermal treatment (+56 degrees C, 30 min).

PMID- 3875196
TI  - [Study of vestibular disorders in epileptics by means of electronystagmography
      and functional visual and vestibular loads].
AB  - Twenty-two patients with temporal epilepsy (TE) in the interparoxysmal period
      were subjected to otoneurological examination. In the majority of cases, there
      were vestibular disorders of the irritative nature and disturbances of otokinetic
      nystagmus. The data obtained, along with specification of the localization of the
      epileptic focus, confirm the involvement of the brain on different levels-
      cortical-subcortical-truncal--in TE patients with polymorphic seizures.

PMID- 3875197
TI  - [Dynamics of neurologic disorders in epileptics].
AB  - On the basis of the dynamic study of the neurological and otoneurological picture
      of epilepsy in 105 patients, the authors ascertained a definite complex of
      symptoms depending on the stage of the disease. Most frequently observed were
      symptoms of the involvement of the truncal-subcortical systems, which reflected
      the stage of the progression of the epileptic process associated with a sharp
      increase in the frequency (up to the daily pattern) and rhythm of attacks, as
      well as psychic disturbances, with the structure of paroxysms becoming more
      complicated and polymorphic. The pathological symptoms from the level of the
      brain stem, primarily vegetative and vestibular ones, regress considerably or are
      absent altogether against the background of a relatively favourable period of the
      disease (rare, single and homotypical attacks, mild psychic changes). The above
      neurological and otoneurological features are important not only for determining
      the localization of the pathological process but also for the clinical prognosis
      of epilepsy.

PMID- 3875198
TI  - Holter monitoring for dizziness and syncope in old age.
AB  - Among 509 patients referred to our Institute for Holter monitoring, between 1st
      September, 1982-30th October, 1983, 28 patients aged 65-90 (mean 76) were
      referred for dizziness and syncope. There were 17 men and 11 women. Seven
      patients had a M.I. in their past, 4 angina pectoris, 5 hypertension, 4 aortic
      stenosis or aortic insufficiency or both, hemodynamically significant, one had
      mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and one transient ischemic attacks (TIA). In our
      series 16 out of 28 patients received digoxin and antiarrhythmic drugs
      (quinidine, propranolol, procainamide, Neo-gilurythmal, amiodarone), 2 of them
      digoxin and quinidine in full doses and one digoxin and amiodarone. Other drugs
      administered to our patients included Aldomin, Isordil, Lasix, aminophylin,
      cromoglycate etc. In 10 patients (35.7%) we found complex ventricular arrhythmias
      (7 with M.I., 3 patients of 4 with significant aortic valve lesion, 2 patients of
      2 with left anterior hemiblock (LAH), 1 patient with MVP, 1 patient with TIA). In
      another 5 patients (17.8%) we found atrial fibrillation, fast rhythm (2 with
      chronic obstructive lung disease, 2 with hypertension and 1 in post M.I.) which
      explained their symptomatology. From our data we conclude that the pluripathology
      found in old age as well as the multimedication administered, cause a
      plurietiology of syncope, arrhythmias playing an important role in its
      determination, in this particular age group.

PMID- 3875199
TI  - Considerations on the mechanism of the systolic click of mitral valve prolapse.
AB  - The Authors briefly discuss the mechanism of production of the systolic click of
      mitral valve prolapse. A "valvular" mechanism seems inadequate to explain the
      genesis of vibrations that can be recorded, not only in the external
      phonocardiogram, but also in the intraventricular pressure tracing, in the apex
      cardiogram, and even in the left atrial pulse (esophagus). It seems more logical
      to postulate that the force of deceleration created by the sudden eversion of a
      mitral leaflet set the whole cardiohemic system (blood, myocardial walls, and the
      mitral apparatus) into vibration, thus producing the click. In mitral valve
      prolapse, the contribution to sound production of mitral leaflets and chordae is
      likely to be minor, as it had been demonstrated for the first heart sound.

PMID- 3875200
TI  - Incidence of coronary heart disease in two generations of men exposed to
      different levels of risk factors.
AB  - Within an epidemiological study on coronary heart disease (CHD) (alive) two
      samples of middle aged men living in two rural areas of Northern and Central
      Italy, two subgroups of individuals aged 51-59 (alive), free from CHD (alive)
      belonging to different generations have been identified. Group A (n = 593) was
      followed-up from 1960 to 1970 and group B (n = 553) from 1970 to 1980. Entry mean
      levels of some classical risk factors were higher in group B than in group A
      (serum cholesterol by 19 mg/dl; diastolic blood pressure by 2.9 mmHg; body mass
      index by 0.9 units), whereas physical activity at work was lower by 0.2 units of
      a score. The 10 year incidence of hard-criteria CHD events has been higher though
      not significantly so in group B by 19%, suggesting a connection with the
      different levels of risk factors, mainly serum cholesterol.

PMID- 3875202
TI  - Cardiac tamponade following penetrating thoracic trauma: unusual evolution.
AB  - We report a case of cardiac tamponade following a penetrating wound of the heart
      treated surgically. The patient developed later on a pericarditis of the
      immunologic type complicated by new tamponade. The clinical situation was only
      relieved by corticotherapy.

PMID- 3875201
TI  - Paradoxical ventricular septal motion after cardiac surgery. Analysis of M-mode
      echocardiograms and follow-up in 324 patients.
AB  - Ventricular septal wall motion, assessed by M-mode echocardiography, was
      analyzed, retrospectively, in 324 patients after open heart surgery (214 patients
      with valvular replacement, 110 patients with aorto-coronary bypass surgery); the
      mean follow-up was 14 months (1 month to 5 years). In the early (less than 1
      month) postoperative period, an anterior systolic (paradoxical) motion of septum
      (PVSM) was observed in 66% of the patients with valvular surgery, and in 76% of
      those with coronary surgery. PVSM disappears progressively: one year after
      surgery, it occurs in only 21% of patients with valvular surgery and in 16% of
      patients with coronary surgery. There is no significant difference in frequency
      and evolution of PVSM between the different types of surgical interventions
      (valvular versus coronary surgery; aortic versus mitral surgery; single bypass
      graft versus multiple bypass grafts). The similar frequency and evolution of PVSM
      after aorto-coronary venous graft surgery and valvular replacement surgery
      support the hypothesis that PVSM would be the expression of a greater anterior
      systolic motion of the whole heart, related to the loss of pericardial restraint.
      PVSM disappears slowly after surgery, probably following the development of
      cardiothoracic adherences.

PMID- 3875203
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic evidence of quadricuspid pulmonary valve.

PMID- 3875204
TI  - Isolation and characterization of cytotoxic effector cells and antibody producing
      cells from human intestine.
AB  - We have examined the ability of intestinal and peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      isolated from patients with inflammatory bowel disease to mediate killing against
      cell line targets in spontaneous, antibody-dependent, lectin-induced, and
      interferon-induced cell-mediated cytotoxicity assays, as well as responsiveness
      in the allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction, and effector capabilities in cell
      mediated lympholysis. IMC were poor mediators of spontaneous or antibody
      dependent cellular cytotoxicity with cell line cells as targets (in comparison to
      normal PBMC, but were capable of killing antibody coated chicken red blood cells.
      Although IMC were capable of responding to allogeneic cell surface antigens in
      the mixed leukocyte reaction, they did not exhibit effector function in cell
      mediated lympholysis. Mitogenic lectins induced cell-mediated cytotoxicity by
      isolated intestinal mononuclear cells from controls and patients. HFIF induces
      cytotoxicity by control but not inflammatory bowel disease intestinal cells.
      Pokeweed mitogen was the lectin which induced the greatest amount of killing
      against human cell line targets. We therefore speculate that exogenous agents, or
      endogenous factors released during viral infection, could play a role in inducing
      cell mediated cytotoxic damage to the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease
      patients. In addition, the functional differences between IMC and PBMC indicate
      that intestinal MNC may have unique cell capabilities which must be better
      understood prior to the delineation of immunopathologic events in solid organ
      tissues. We have also examined the secretion of IgA, IgM, and IgG by isolated
      human IMC, human bone marrow MNC from rib specimens, and PBMC from patients with
      CD, UC, SLE, or Henoch-Schoenlein purpura (HSP). Control IMC exhibited high
      spontaneous secretion of IgA, while intestinal MNC from UC and CD patients
      exhibited only modest increases in IgA secretion. PBMC from patients with CD, UC,
      SLE, or HSP exhibited markedly elevated spontaneous secretion of immunoglobulins
      in general and IgA in particular. Pure human bone marrow MNC exhibited high
      spontaneous secretion of IgA, and modest amounts of IgG and normal IgM secreting.
      The addition of PWM to cultures exhibiting high spontaneous synthesis and
      secretion of immunoglobulins resulted not in further enhancement but in
      suppression of antibody secretion. The characterization of types of IgA secreted
      by human IMC revealed that normal human bone marrow secretes almost exclusively
      monomeric IgA, while control human intestine secretes predominantly dimeric IgA.
      IMC from patients with CD and non-involved UC specimens also secreted
      predominantly dimeric IgA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3875205
TI  - Isolation studies--intestinal T lymphocytes.
AB  - Despite the variation in results of studies on isolated intestinal mucosal T
      cells obtained in different laboratories, it can be said that: 1) T lymphocytes
      and their subsets can be isolated from normal and from diseased intestinal
      mucosa. 2) Most of the functions of these T cells are, as far as has been
      studied, similar to those of peripheral blood T tions of T lymphocytes and the
      different distribution of these antigens between intestinal epithelium, which
      normally shows strong expression of HLA-A,B,C antigens but weak or no expression
      of HLA-DR antigens, and the lamina propria, which contains large numbers of
      histiocytic cells which are rich in HLA-DR antigens, may be vital to the
      functions of intestinal T cells. Removal of cells from the close association with
      these antigens may therefore alter their functions. Secondly, studies of isolated
      cell populations must be interpreted in combination with morphological
      examination of cell populations in situ. Such an approach will increase our
      understanding of the role of T cells in gut immunity in health and disease.

PMID- 3875206
TI  - Autonomic nerves in experimental allergic neuritis in the rat.
AB  - After experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) was induced in 16 male Lewis rats with
      bovine peripheral myelin and adjuvants, peripheral nerves were examined
      morphologically at intervals of 12-21 days post inoculation (dpi). Signs of motor
      involvement were present in ten rats and were first elicited 12 dpi. They ranged
      from tail droop to complete lower limb paralysis. Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
      involvement was studied by contrasting morphological findings in the cervical
      sympathetic nerves (CSN), which are poorly myelinated and vagal nerves (VN) which
      contain numerous myelinated fibers in the endoneurium. Edema, perivenular
      infiltrates, and demyelination appeared in the VN of seven of nine neurologically
      affected rats, while the CSN showed edema and infiltrates in only one rat. ELISA
      assays were negative for anti-galactocerebroside antibody, and electron
      microscopy failed to show abnormalities of Schwann cells.

PMID- 3875207
TI  - Modulation of the visuo-ocular reflex by the vestibulo-ocular reflex in
      peripheral vision.
AB  - Peripheral OKN was produced by stimulating the visual field with a special
      device, designed by Miyoshi et al. Stimuli to induce peripheral OKN and rotatory
      nystagmus (RN) were applied to the same subject simultaneously. The results
      obtained were as follows. 1) In the case of the whole visual field, with a target
      velocity of 30 degrees/sec the combined slow-phase velocity of OKN and RN was
      also a constant 30 degrees/s in any phase of rotation of the subject and with any
      combinations of the rotationary directions of subject and target. 2) In the case
      of the peripheral visual field; when both OKN and RN were in the same direction,
      the slow-phase velocity of the combined OKN was 10-20% greater than that of the
      peripheral OKN alone. However, the combined OKN never exceeded the velocity of
      the target. In contrast, when OKN and RN directions were opposed, combined OKN
      was correspondingly decreased by about the same 10-20% amount.

PMID- 3875208
TI  - Hearing thresholds of normal and fenestrated deaf pigeons. A behavioural study on
      hearing with the vestibular organ.
AB  - Hearing thresholds were measured for 5 normal pigeons with the heart-rate
      conditioning method. After extirpation of the membranous cochlea on both sides
      and fenestration of the lateral canals, hearing thresholds were measured again
      with the same method at 250, 750 and 1500 Hz. Hearing thresholds found in this
      way for deaf fenestrated pigeons correspond very well to threshold values for the
      "Tullio effect". Electrical activity in the vestibular nerve evoked by sound is
      thought to be the origin of these phenomena.

PMID- 3875209
TI  - [Treatment of tinnitus by electrical stimulation of the ear].
AB  - After a short historic review of the electrical stimulation in the treatment of
      tinnitus, the authors recall the fundamental principles of the bases of this
      therapy. Following the evolution of their ideas on this subject, they present the
      principles and methods of many different types of stimulation: (Transtympanic,
      sinusoidal, transcutaneus, auriculotherapy). They also discuss the results of
      their efficiency which ranges between 10 to 40%. The authors then reached an
      agreed upon opinion that the transtympanic electrical stimulation in square
      positive waves which ables them to obtain in nearly 60% of patients a positive
      effect, and in 23% a long term results is the most preferable one till now. They
      finally exposed a personal case in which the implantation of a permanent
      stimulation electrode was needed to be undergone, this is restricted to patients
      who suffer from unbearable tinnitus with profound deafness.

PMID- 3875210
TI  - Research in tinnitus. A report of progress.
AB  - As one reviews the contents of this presentation, one finds there are no dramatic
      "breakthroughs" and there are frequent examples of neutral or negative findings.
      One should not let this state of affairs discourage continued research. It is
      often the case that many mistrials are encountered when investigating an area
      where very little is known. We expect research on tinnitus to proceed at a slow
      pace, but under no circumstances should the research effort in tinnitus be
      curtailed.

PMID- 3875211
TI  - Adult T-cell leukemia complicated by hypercalcemia. Report of three autopsy cases
      with special reference to the etiologic factor of hypercalcemia.
AB  - Three autopsy cases of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) complicated by a severe
      hypercalcemia are presented. In two of them, the hypercalcemia itself was the
      direct cause of death. There was no evidence of an increase of serum PTH in all
      three cases. Prostaglandins were within normal range in two of them. By a
      bioassay, a bone-resorbing factor, osteoclast activating factor (OAF)-like
      substance, was demonstrated in the culture medium of leukemic cells from one
      patient. Also, various degrees of osteoclastic activation were found in the bones
      of all three patients by the postmortem examination. It may be that the
      hypercalcemia occurring in cases of ATL is partly caused by the humoral factor,
      which is released from leukemic cells and activates a bone resorption by
      osteoclasts. Similar cases in which a significant activation of osteoclasts was
      practically demonstrated by histopathologic examination in addition to the
      detection of a bone-resorbing factor have been rarely reported.

PMID- 3875212
TI  - Identifying children at high somatic risk (alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency):
      possible long-term effects on parents' reproduction, marital status and social
      class level.
AB  - Neonatal identification of children at high somatic risk due to inherited alpha 1
      antitrypsin deficiency (ATD) has been found to elicit a negative emotional
      reaction in a majority of the parents, at least initially. This sub-study was
      conducted to determine whether the identification and follow-up of the children's
      ATD had negatively influenced the families' reproduction, marital status and
      social class level (defined by parental occupation) during the 5 years following
      the identification of the children's ATD. No such negative effects were found in
      comparing these characteristics among 61 families with a child with ATD versus
      183 control families living in the same area and having a child of the same sex
      and age. Unexpectedly, the ATD-children's families (fathers) had a significantly
      higher social class level, raising the question of a possible gene advantage
      associated with ATD.

PMID- 3875213
TI  - Identifying children at high somatic risk: possible long-term effects on the
      parents' views of their own health and current life situation.
AB  - Neonatal identification of children at high somatic risk due to inherited alpha 1
      antitrypsin deficiency (ATD) was hypothesized to have had negative long-term
      effects on the parents' views of their own health and current life situation. The
      parents of 61 children with ATD were followed-up and studied by interviews about
      5 years after the child's ATD was identified, and compared with demographically
      similar parents of 61 control children without ATD. No negative effect was found
      on mothers' or fathers' views of their current life situation or the fathers' own
      health. As compared with controls, ATD-group mothers reported significantly
      poorer mental and physical health during the past year, which was interpreted as
      a consequence of the stress associated with the identification of the child's
      ATD.

PMID- 3875214
TI  - Stability of rat (human) corticotropin-releasing factor in serum, urine and
      tissue incubation medium.
AB  - The stability of rat (human) CRF in serum, urine and tissue incubation medium was
      examined using Sephadex gel filtration and CRF radioimmunoassay with anti-rat
      (human) CRF serum. Human serum after incubation with rat (human) CRF for 1 h at
      37 degrees C showed two peaks of CRF immunoreactivity on a Sephadex G-50 fine
      column. Most of the immunoreactivity coeluted with the rat (human) CRF marker.
      When rat (human) CRF was incubated with rat liver, kidney or hypothalamus, only
      3.1-14.9% of the CRF was recovered at the rat (human) CRF position on gel
      filtration, and two to four CRF-immunoreactive peaks appeared after the rat
      (human) CRF marker. When rat (human) CRF was incubated with human urine (pH 6.0)
      for 24 h at room temperature, one peak of CRF immunoreactivity coeluted with the
      rat (human) CRF marker on Sephadex gel filtration. The urine extracts of normal
      rats showed some small peaks of CRF-like immunoreactivity on the Sephadex column,
      with the main peak appearing after authentic CRF. These results suggest that rat
      (human) CRF is relatively stable in serum and urine, but is easily degraded by
      tissue enzymes, with the degraded CRF fragments being excreted in the urine.

PMID- 3875215
TI  - Colloid cysts of the third ventricle. A review of 36 cases.
AB  - Thirty-six colloid cysts were treated from 1949 to 1983. There were 26 male and
      10 female patients, ranging in age from 12 to 65 years old, 60% between 31 and 40
      years. Headache or disturbed mental function was the most frequent complaint,
      papilloedema the most frequent sign. The patients were classified into 3 groups
      by symptoms and signs; Group I (17 patients): Headache, papilloedema and no
      neurological signs. Group II (6 patients): Fluctuating or progressive dementia.
      Group III: Twelve cases with "classical" features, episodic headache and drop
      attacks. One patient could not be classified in any of these groups. Seventeen of
      36 patients were diagnosed by ventriculography, 19 patients were diagnosed by CT
      scan. CT scan was the most reliable diagnostic study, but was unavailable in the
      earlier part of the series. All patients have been operated by transventricular
      exposure of the right foramen of Munro with incision of the middle frontal gyrus
      in an antero-posterior linear manner. Twenty-five of 36 patients showed an
      excellent operative result, and nine had a good result, one of the 9 patients
      dying of an unrelated intracerebral haemorrhage 4 years after operation. Two
      patients had a poor result, characterized by memory loss and confusion. One of
      these died of an unknown cause 5 years after operation.

PMID- 3875216
TI  - [Objective examination of genetic carrier of congenital red-green color blindness
      by electroretinography].

PMID- 3875217
TI  - [Lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulins in patients with Behcet disease].

PMID- 3875218
TI  - Liver cysts in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease: clinical and
      computed tomographic study.
AB  - Hepatic CT findings were analyzed in 44 patients with autosomal-dominant
      polycystic kidney disease and were correlated with liver and renal function tests
      and liver, splenic, and renal CT volume measurements. CT showed many large liver
      cysts in 31.8% of patients, small liver cysts in 25%, and no liver cysts in
      43.2%. Patients with many large cysts often showed increased liver volumes.
      Splenic volumes did not differ significantly in patients with and without liver
      cysts, suggesting that portal hypertension is rarely associated with cystic liver
      disease. There was no correlation between severity of liver involvement and
      extent of renal cystic disease as determined from urea nitrogen and creatinine
      levels and renal volumes. Liver function tests were normal except in two
      patients, one with a cholangiocarcinoma, which may have arisen from a cyst, and
      the other with an infected liver cyst and chronic active hepatitis. Accordingly,
      if liver function tests are abnormal, an attempt should be made to identify
      complications of polycystic liver disease such as tumor, cyst infection, and
      biliary obstruction. Such complications are rare but may be seen in patients
      whose lives are prolonged by dialysis and renal transplantation. CT is a useful
      method for detecting liver cysts and identifying patients at risk for these
      complications.

PMID- 3875219
TI  - Imaging of the pulmonary hilum: a prospective comparative study in patients with
      lung cancer.
AB  - Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), dynamic computed tomography (CT), and 55
      degrees posterior oblique tomography, the authors prospectively evaluated the
      pulmonary hilum in 35 patients with lung cancer; 19 of these patients had
      surgical excision of ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and formed the study group.
      Their results showed no significant differences between the three imaging methods
      in overall accuracy of hilar evaluation. Both MRI and dynamic CT were highly
      sensitive but relatively nonspecific for diagnosing hilar metastasis, whereas
      oblique tomography had fair sensitivity and specificity. The low specificity of
      MRI and dynamic CT was due to detection of mildly enlarged (10-16 mm) benign
      hilar nodes, which were present in five (26%) of 19 patients. The calculated
      magnetic relaxation times, T1 and T2, were not useful in distinguishing between
      benign and malignant enlarged hilar nodes. The authors conclude that accurate
      staging of the pulmonary hilum in patients with lung cancer is not currently
      possible using MRI, CT, or oblique tomography.

PMID- 3875220
TI  - The thymus: reexamination of age-related changes in size and shape.
AB  - The computed tomographic appearance of the normal and abnormal thymus and its age
      related changes have been described. However, there is little quantitative data
      regarding thymic morphology at the extremes of age and the value of thymic
      measurements, in particular thickness, to recognize thymic abnormality. Using
      computed tomography the thymic morphology in 309 normal patients was analyzed
      retrospectively, examining its appearance at the extremes of age and measuring
      its dimensions for comparison with similar data in 23 patients with clinically or
      surgically proven thymic abnormality. The study confirmed the previously reported
      age-related growth and subsequent involution of the normal thymus. In more than
      half the patients beyond the age of 40, total fatty involution of the gland
      occurred. When present, residual thymic tissue usually assumed a small, linear,
      oval, or round shape and did not produce focal alterations in the lateral
      mediastinal contour. Comparison of normal and abnormal glands suggests that
      thymic shape reliably separates normal from abnormal glands. In particular,
      multilobularity was never a feature of the normal gland at any age but was seen
      only in patients with thymic abnormality. Logarithms of the anteroposterior,
      craniocaudal, and transverse dimensions as well as thymic thickness were plotted
      against age to determine the value of quantitative measurements in detecting
      thymic abnormality. While thymic thickness and the logarithm of the product of
      transverse dimension and thickness were sensitive indicators of thymic
      abnormality, these were not necessary for accurate recognition of abnormality.

PMID- 3875221
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of fibrosing mediastinitis.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in seven patients with fibrosing
      mediastinitis. Comparison was made in each case to standard chest radiography and
      computed tomography (CT). Angiography was performed in three cases. Although MRI
      and CT were found to be equivalent in defining the extent of adenopathy, CT was
      superior at demonstrating calcifications, often important in making the diagnosis
      of fibrosing mediastinitis. MRI, however, offered complementary information,
      particularly in assessing vascular patency without the need for intravenous
      contrast media. On T2-weighted images, the adenopathy associated with fibrosing
      mediastinitis was noted to be of relatively low signal intensity, possibly
      indicating its benign nature.

PMID- 3875222
TI  - Radiographic findings of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in neonates and infants.
AB  - Radiographic findings in four recent cases of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis are
      reported. Focal consolidation and diffuse nodular densities were observed at one
      point during the course of the illness in all four patients. Pleural effusion or
      mediastinal adenopathy was not seen. Hilar adenopathy developed in one patient
      after 61/2 months. Hyperaeration was noted in all patients. One patient survived
      the pneumonia and had subsequent clearing of the infiltrates. Cavitation was not
      seen in any of the patients. The insidious onset and nonspecific and often
      misleading clinical and laboratory findings in pulmonary coccidioidomycosis
      infection in neonates and infants may seriously delay the correct diagnosis in
      this highly fatal disease. A knowledge of the characteristic radiographic
      manifestations of this pulmonary disease may be helpful to the clinician.

PMID- 3875223
TI  - The anterior bronchus sign: a new clue to hilar abnormality.
AB  - One hundred normal posteroanterior chest radiographs were reviewed to determine
      the frequency of appearance and characteristics of the anterior segmental bronchi
      of the upper lobes. The bronchus was visible as a sharp circle on the right in
      45% of normals, and on the left in 50%. In 90% of normals, there is less than 3
      mm of tissue lateral to the bronchus. In 10% of normals, pulmonary vessels may
      cause 3-5 mm of tissue lateral to the bronchus. Four cases of bronchogenic
      carcinoma were found to have more than 5 mm of tissue lateral to the bronchus.
      The presence of more than 5 mm of tissue lateral to the anterior segmental
      bronchus is termed the "anterior bronchus sign" and is a helpful clue to
      recognizing hilar region abnormality.

PMID- 3875224
TI  - Localized pulmonary lymphangiectasia.

PMID- 3875225
TI  - Cardiac volvulus: plain film recognition of an often fatal condition.

PMID- 3875226
TI  - Appearance of lung scan in venae cavae occlusion.

PMID- 3875227
TI  - Barrett esophagus as an extension of severe esophagitis: analysis of radiologic
      signs in 29 cases.
AB  - Twenty-nine cases of Barrett esophagus verified by endoscopy and 16 cases
      confirmed by histology were reviewed for pertinent radiologic signs. All patients
      had barium-filled and mucosal relief films, and all but five cases had double
      contrast films. Common radiologic signs in descending order were thickened and
      irregular mucosal folds (28/29), hiatal hernia (26/29), esophageal stricture
      (25/29), esophageal ulcer (20/29), distal esophageal widening (19/29), granular
      mucosal pattern (16/24), reticular mucosal pattern (9/24), and intramural
      pseudodiverticula (6/29), all of which are also recognized signs of reflux
      esophagitis. Midesophageal stricture, esophageal ulcer, and distal esophageal
      widening were particularly indicative of Barrett esophagus. Since there appears
      to be no specific sign of Barrett esophagus, a multifaceted approach is suggested
      concentrating on the association of Barrett esophagus with the radiographic signs
      of severe reflux esophagitis.

PMID- 3875228
TI  - Abdominal CT findings of disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in AIDS.
AB  - Disseminated infection from Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) has recently
      been recognized as a common and serious complication of the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The authors report the computed tomographic
      (CT) findings of 17 patients with AIDS and disseminated MAI referred for
      abdominal CT examination. Multiple large retroperitoneal and mesenteric lymph
      nodes were demonstrated in 14 patients (82%). MAI involvement was confirmed
      within abdominal lymph nodes in six patients by fine-needle percutaneous
      aspiration (five patients) or postmortem examination (one patient) and within
      enlarged peripheral lymph nodes in two other patients. The authors concluded that
      large, bulky, intraabdominal adenopathy in AIDS patients should suggest the
      diagnosis of MAI infection as well as other known causes of adenopathy, including
      lymphoma and metastatic Kaposi sarcoma. The authors recommend percutaneous
      aspiration of enlarged intraabdominal lymph nodes to establish the correct
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3875229
TI  - Intraperitoneal contrast agents for computed tomography.

PMID- 3875230
TI  - Adrenal pseudomasses due to varices: angiographic-CT-MRI-pathologic correlations.
AB  - Periadrenal and adrenal portosystemic collaterals are a recently reported cause
      of adrenal pseudotumor on computed tomography (CT). Nine patients with this left
      adrenal pseudotumor illustrate its typical position and appearance on CT,
      angiography, CT-angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The anatomic
      basis for variceal adrenal pseudotumors is the left inferior phrenic vein, which
      passes immediately anterior to the left adrenal gland and which serves as a
      collateral pathway from splenic to left renal vein in portal hypertension. Thus,
      unlike previously described adrenal pseudotumors, these venous collaterals are
      not anatomically distinguishable from the adrenal gland on CT. Bolus dynamic CT
      is usually diagnostic, but in equivocal cases, MRI may prove useful.

PMID- 3875231
TI  - Renal morphology and function immediately after extracorporeal shock-wave
      lithotripsy.
AB  - The acute effects of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) on morphology
      and function of the kidney were evaluated by excretory urography, quantitative
      radionuclide renography (QRR), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 33
      consecutive patients. Excretory urograms demonstrated an enlarged kidney in seven
      (18%) of 41 treatments and partial or complete obstruction of the ureter by stone
      fragments after 15 (37%) of 41 treatments. Total effective renal plasma flow
      (ERPF) was not changed after ESWL, but the percentage ERPF of the treated kidney
      was decreased by more than 5% in 10 (30%) of 33 cases. QRR images showed partial
      parenchymal obstruction in 10 (25%) of 41 treated kidneys and total parenchymal
      obstruction in 9 (22%). MRI disclosed one or more of the following abnormalities
      in 24 (63%) of 38 treated kidneys: (1) loss of corticomedullary differentiation,
      (2) perirenal fluid, (3) subcapsular hematoma, (4) hemorrhage into a renal cyst,
      and (5) unexplained abnormalities. Treated kidneys were normal by all three
      imaging methods in 26% and abnormal by one or more tests in 74% of cases. The
      morphologic and functional changes are attributed to renal contusion resulting in
      edema and extravasation of urine and blood into the interstitial, subcapsular,
      and perirenal spaces.

PMID- 3875232
TI  - The segmental nephrogram.

PMID- 3875233
TI  - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography in the preoperative evaluation of
      renal masses.
AB  - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed in 23 patients
      with renal masses to document tumor extension into the main renal vein or
      inferior vena cava. The DSA findings were compared with computed tomographic as
      well as surgical and pathologic findings. Additional data regarding the number of
      renal arteries present and the relative vascularity of the tumor were also
      gathered. DSA documented 17 true-negative renal veins, three true-positive renal
      veins, and one false-negative renal vein. Two patients could not hold their
      breath long enough to evaluate the renal vein. In 17 of 19 cases, single renal
      arteries to the affected kidney were correctly identified. In three patients, two
      renal arteries to the involved kidney were correctly identified. The renal masses
      were avascular in two patients, hypovascular in five, moderately vascular in
      eight, and hypervascular in seven. In one case the mass was out of the field of
      view, and vascularity was not evaluated. In these patients, DSA was an accurate
      and relatively noninvasive method to assist in the preoperative evaluation of
      renal masses.

PMID- 3875234
TI  - Morphometry of lower lumbar vertebrae as seen on CT scans: newly recognized
      characteristics.
AB  - Transaxial computed tomographic (CT) sections represent a new approach to
      vertebral morphometry, allowing certain measurements to be made in vivo for the
      first time. The cross-sectional morphology of the bodies and pedicles of L3, L4,
      and L5 was studied in a series of 213 vertebrae. This revealed that the pedicles
      of L5 arise more laterally from the body of L5 than from L3. Further, the lateral
      surfaces of the L5 body are inclined obliquely, unlike those of L3. L4 is
      transitional in form between L3 and L5, more closely resembling the former. This
      morphology explains the fact, hitherto unnoticed, that the lateral outlines of
      the pedicles and the lateral borders of the body of L5 are not normally imaged on
      plain anteroposterior radiographs. It is evident that pathologic changes of the
      lateral borders of the body of L5 may be invisible also. In cases of transitional
      vertebrae in the lumbosacral region the presence or absence of the lateral
      outlines of the pedicles and of the lateral borders of the vertebral body may be
      of help in identifying the vertebrae on conventional projections.

PMID- 3875235
TI  - Thoracolumbar burst fractures: CT dimensions of the spinal canal relative to
      postsurgical improvement.
AB  - Cross-sectional spinal canal area was measured before and after surgery in 12
      patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures and canal narrowing caused by
      retropulsed fragments. Patients were classified into Denis type A or type B.
      Denis type A fractures have comminution of both end-plates of the vertebral body
      creating multiple smaller fractures; Denis type B fractures have comminution of
      the superior end-plate only with a single vertical fracture line into the
      inferior end-plate creating larger fragments. The degree of neurologic impairment
      was assessed before and after surgery using the Frankel system. There was no
      correlation between degree of canal narrowing and degree of neurologic
      impairment. The degree of spinal canal narrowing reflects the final resting
      position of the vertebral body fragments after trauma; during trauma, greater
      degrees of canal impingement may have occurred. Also, significant canal narrowing
      may be present without pinching of the cord or cauda equina. All patients with
      Denis type A fractures had near-anatomic reduction of fragments out of the spinal
      canal by surgery; less than half of the patients with Denis type B had good
      reduction. There was no correlation between reduction of retropulsed fragments
      and subsequent neurologic improvement. However, this should not preclude surgery
      as a therapeutic option: Eight of 10 patients with neurologic impairment
      experienced some improvement in symptoms after surgery; the other two were
      unchanged.

PMID- 3875236
TI  - Spontaneous regression of herniated nucleus pulposus.
AB  - Spontaneous regression of herniated nucleus pulposus has not been previously
      documented. Reported here are 11 patients in whom there was unequivocal
      regression or disappearance of a herniated lumbar disk on follow-up CT study. Two
      patients with herniated disks were without symptoms. In the nine patients with
      symptoms, those attributed to the original herniation disappeared or were
      diminished in all cases. The mechanism of regression of a disk herniation is
      unknown. Whether or not regression of herniated disk is a frequent occurrence in
      patients who recover with conservative therapy should be investigated by more
      frequent use of follow-up CT scans.

PMID- 3875237
TI  - Nitrous oxide: effective analgesic for vascular and interventional procedures.
AB  - During a 2 year period nitrous oxide was used as a sole or supplementary
      analgesic during 173 vascular or interventional procedures including peripheral
      angiography and endourologic and endobiliary procedures. The decision to
      administer nitrous oxide to a given patient was a matter of physician preference.
      Patients with bowel obstruction, pneumothorax, or chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease were excluded from this method of analgesia. The nitrous oxide was
      administered by a radiology nurse under the supervision of an attending
      radiologist. Nitrous oxide was used without premedication for 39 procedures and
      with premedication (usually meperidine 1 mg/kg, promethazine 0.3 mg/kg, or
      atropine 0.01 mg/kg) in 134 procedures. In 74% of nonpremedicated individuals
      analgesia was adequate with nitrous oxide alone; 26% required supplemental
      intravenous medication. In 61% of premedicated individuals pain relief was
      adequate with nitrous oxide; 39% required supplemental intravenous medication.
      Complications, including nausea, vomiting, and agitation, occurred in eight
      patients, but were minor and easily reversed by decreasing the concentration of
      nitrous oxide. Nasally administered nitrous oxide is a safe, easily used, and
      effective analgesic.

PMID- 3875238
TI  - Superior mesenteric aneurysm and arteriovenous fistula: angiographic and CT
      features.

PMID- 3875239
TI  - Pheochromocytoma supplied by the dorsal pancreatic artery.

PMID- 3875240
TI  - Inadvertent percutaneous catheter gastroenterostomy during abscess drainage:
      significance and management.
AB  - Eleven cases of inadvertent catheter insertion into the small bowel or stomach
      during percutaneous abdominal abscess drainage are reviewed. Recognition of the
      intraluminal catheter position was made by contrast-enhanced fluoroscopy in all
      patients 1-6 days after catheter insertion. No evidence of leakage of intestinal
      contents into the peritoneal cavity was noted either clinically or
      radiologically. All cases occurred after drainage of a centrally located
      midabdominal collection, but the ultimate outcome was not compromised. In nine of
      11 cases, catheter drainage alone was sufficient; two cases required additional
      surgical drainage. Considerations for management include a prolonged period of
      catheter drainage to allow evolution of a fibrous tract and gradual catheter
      withdrawal. These data confirm the growing experience with purposeful
      percutaneous gastrostomy that percutaneous catheterization of the
      gastrointestinal tract can occur without major sequelae.

PMID- 3875241
TI  - Economic and utilization analysis of magnetic resonance imaging units in the
      United States in 1985.
AB  - Of the 72 clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) installations operating in
      the United States in 1985, operations data were obtained from 47. The average
      annual technical operating cost of each unit is estimated at $841,500 when
      performing 2000 clinical procedures. Most costs are fixed and the annual cost
      varies slightly, between $800,000 and $882,000, with procedure volumes of 1000
      3000 annually. The "typical" clinical MRI unit currently is examining 1500
      patients and billing 1260 patients annually with a mean technical charge of $500.
      Of the procedures, 77% are neuroradiologic (head and spine). Radiologists are
      responsible for 93% of MRI procedures. The partial-pay/bad-debt revenue deduction
      is high (40%). With annual technical costs of about $820,000 and net technical
      revenues of $378,000, the typical unit is operating at an annual economic loss of
      about $440,000. An economic break-even point would be met with a charge of $1100
      at the current procedure volume or a volume of 2700 procedures/year at the
      current charge. MRI units in outpatient locations study more patients, perform
      considerably more spinal examinations, and have higher charges. Compared with
      computed tomography at a comparable stage of development, MRI has less clinical
      demand, more outpatient locations, three to five times higher costs, and two-and
      one-half times higher charges. To achieve economic viability with a technical
      charge of $500 or less, increased patient volume and third-party payer acceptance
      to reduce the partial-pay/bad-debt revenue factor will be required.

PMID- 3875242
TI  - Left neck mass.

PMID- 3875244
TI  - Waters projection for evaluation of lateral pharyngeal wall movement in speech
      disorders.

PMID- 3875243
TI  - MR imaging of a viable full-term abdominal pregnancy.

PMID- 3875245
TI  - Biliary endoprosthesis: yes or no?

PMID- 3875246
TI  - The effects of low-dose radiation: research still needed.

PMID- 3875247
TI  - Advantages of central vs. peripheral injection site for DSA.

PMID- 3875248
TI  - Aortic rupture into retroperitoneum.

PMID- 3875249
TI  - Surface-coil magnetic resonance imaging of the internal auditory canal.
AB  - Computed tomography is effective for detecting acoustic neuromas, but not for
      resolving individual nerves in the internal auditory canal. Surface-coil magnetic
      resonance (MR) images of the internal auditory canal were obtained using a 1.5 T
      superconducting magnet, a 13.5-cm-diameter surface coil, 3- and 5-mm-thick
      slices, and partial-saturation pulse sequences. Cranial nerves VII and VIII
      (three branches) were identified on MR images in volunteers and on corresponding
      cryomicrotomic sections. The nerves were obscured in one patient with an acoustic
      neuroma. Because high-resolution surface-coil images can demonstrate specific
      nerves in the internal auditory canal, MR should be a sensitive study to evaluate
      cranial nerves VII and VIII in patients with facial paralysis and neurosensory
      hearing loss that is congenital or caused by small acoustic neuromas.

PMID- 3875250
TI  - Computed tomography of temporal bone pneumatization: 1. Normal pattern and
      morphology.
AB  - The pneumatization of 141 "normal" temporal bones on computed tomography (CT) was
      evaluated in 100 patients (age range, 6-85 years). Because of the controversy
      surrounding the sclerotic squamomastoid (mastoid), temporal bones with this
      finding were discarded. A CT index of pneumatization was based on the pneumatized
      area and the number of cells seen within a representative scanning section.
      Results suggest that squamomastoid pneumatization follows the classic normal
      distribution and does not correlate with age, gender, or laterality. A high
      degree of symmetry was found in 41 patients who had both ears examined. In 35% of
      all temporal bones, the petrous apex was pneumatized, concordant with the
      findings of other investigators. Pneumatization extending into other regions of
      the temporal bone corresponded linearly with squamomastoid pneumatization. Air
      cell configuration was variable. Air-cell size tended to increase progressively
      from the mastoid antrum. The scutum "pseudotumor" appearance caused by incomplete
      pneumatization was seen frequently, and should not be mistaken for mastoiditis or
      an osteoma. Thick sections producing partial-volume effect may also produce this
      spurious finding. Therefore, when searching for mucosal thickening due to
      mastoiditis, large air cells should preferably be analyzed.

PMID- 3875251
TI  - Application of surface coils to MR anatomy of the larynx.
AB  - The magnetic resonance (MR) scans of 10 patients with normal larynges were
      compared with cryomicrosections of two injected cadaver specimens. The MR images
      were obtained with a solenoid surface coil and high-resolution technique that
      provided images 4 mm thick displayed on a 256 X 256 matrix. The improved signal
      to-noise ratio of the surface coil allowed a detailed study of normal anatomy in
      the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes.

PMID- 3875252
TI  - CT and angiography of primary extradural juxtasellar tumors.
AB  - The computed tomographic and angiographic features of 15 histologically proven
      primary extradural juxtasellar tumors were retrospectively reviewed. Five
      chordomas were characterized by prominent bone erosion and a significant
      posterior fossa component. Four trigeminal nerve neuromas each demonstrated bone
      erosion centered about Meckel's cave and moderate to marked contrast enhancement.
      Two cavernous sinus meningiomas revealed moderate contrast enhancement, expansion
      of the cavernous sinus, and moderate angiographic stain. Two cavernous
      hemangiomas of the cavernous sinus were intensely enhancing and demonstrated
      angiographic stain. Opacification of the sphenoid sinus with prominent bone
      destruction and lack of contrast enhancement was characteristic of a sphenoid
      sinus mucocele. The dural reflection could be directly visualized or indirectly
      inferred in each case.

PMID- 3875253
TI  - CT of multiple sclerosis: reassessment of delayed scanning with high doses of
      contrast material.
AB  - A prospective study involving 87 patients was carried out to evaluate the
      necessity for a high dose of contrast material in addition to delayed computed
      tomographic (CT) scanning for optimal detection of the lesions of multiple
      sclerosis in the brain. In patients with either clinically definite multiple
      sclerosis or laboratory-supported definite multiple sclerosis, CT scans were
      obtained with a uniform protocol. Lesions consistent with multiple sclerosis were
      demonstrated on the second scan in 54 patients. In 36 of these 54 patients, the
      high-dose delayed scan added information. These results are quite similar to
      those of a previous study from this institution using different patients, in whom
      the second scan was obtained immediately after the bolus injection of contrast
      material containing 40 g of organically bound iodine. The lack of real difference
      in the results of the two studies indicates that the increased dose, not just the
      delay in scanning, is necessary for a proper study.

PMID- 3875254
TI  - The troublesome nipple shadow.
AB  - In a review of 1000 routine chest examinations, the nipple of the male or female
      breast was visible about 10% of the time. In 14 instances (1.4%), the reviewing
      radiologist thought that uncertainty of identification warranted additional
      films. In four of these instances, the density proved to be something other than
      nipple. In all other instances when a nipple shadow was identified (8.9%), follow
      up was not deemed necessary for various, often somewhat subjective reasons. Thus
      the frequency of erroneous identification of nipples could have been higher.
      Certainty of nipple identification would have involved considerable cost and
      inconvenience in repeat examinations. In another group of 500 patients,
      identification of the nipple with a lead marker on all patients eliminated
      uncertainty and the necessity for any repeat examinations. The patients placed
      low cost markers at the time of disrobing. Convenience and certainty were served
      by this simple maneuver.

PMID- 3875255
TI  - Paramediastinal pneumatocele: alternative explanations to gas in the pulmonary
      ligament.
AB  - Four cases of paramediastinal pneumatocele were examined with CT to determine the
      location of the gas collection. Although such collections have previously been
      assumed to be in the pulmonary ligament, CT in these cases showed instead that
      the collection was in either the medial pleural space or in the posterior
      mediastinum.

PMID- 3875256
TI  - Esophageal duplication cyst: CT and transesophageal needle aspiration.

PMID- 3875257
TI  - Perforation of the esophagus: correlation of site and cause with plain film
      findings.
AB  - The medical records and plain films of the chest and neck of 24 patients with
      esophageal perforation that had occurred either spontaneously or as a
      complication of instrumentation were reviewed. Plain films provide useful
      guidelines as to cause and location of perforation, and were found to be valuable
      in performing the subsequent confirmatory esophagram. Perforation of the distal
      esophagus usually results in pleural effusion or hydropneumothorax on the left,
      while perforation of the midesophagus tends to produce pleural effusion or
      hydropneumothorax on the right. Spontaneous perforation (Boerhaave syndrome)
      usually occurs in the distal esophagus, with resultant hydropneumothorax on the
      left. The plain films were unremarkable in about 12% of patients with esophageal
      perforation.

PMID- 3875258
TI  - Spindle-cell squamous carcinoma of the esophagus: a tumor with biphasic
      morphology.
AB  - Spindle-cell squamous carcinoma of the esophagus is a rare malignant tumor. It is
      characterized by a large bulky mass in the middle third of the esophagus with a
      lobulated surface and local expansion of the esophagus. This lesion may be
      pedunculated and cause relatively little obstruction despite its bulk. The
      current view, based on ultrastructure and immunohistochemical evidence, has
      confirmed that the sarcomatous component of the squamous cell carcinoma
      originates from mesenchymal metaplasia of squamous cells. On the basis of this
      evidence and clinical behavior, it seems appropriate to consider carcinosarcoma
      and pseudosarcoma as equivalents and as variants of squamous cell carcinoma. Four
      patients with spindle-cell squamous carcinoma, an unusual subset of squamous
      carcinoma, are described, and the salient radiographic and pathologic features of
      this disorder's distinctive biphasic morphology are discussed.

PMID- 3875259
TI  - The hypertrophied antral-pyloric fold.
AB  - In 3.25% of 400 consecutive double-contrast upper gastrointestinal examinations,
      a prominent fold in the prepyloric gastric antrum that extends through the
      pylorus into the base of the duodenal bulb has been identified. Although the
      clinical significance of this fold is undetermined, endoscopic evaluation
      suggests it is a manifestation of chronic gastritis. This fold may simulate other
      entities, but can be distinguished by its characteristic features. Proper
      recognition may prevent unnecessary procedures such as endoscopy and biopsy.

PMID- 3875260
TI  - The radiologic detection of duodenal ulcers: effects of examiner variability,
      ulcer size and location, and technique.
AB  - Study of 91 endoscopically verified duodenal ulcers compared the effects of
      examiner variability, ulcer size and location, and radiographic technique on
      ulcer detection. Radiologic sensitivity of 61.5% was found for the entire group
      of 91 ulcers. Examiner variability was the strongest determinant of success;
      sensitivities for individual examiners ranged from 44.4% to 80%. Ulcer size was a
      second factor in radiologic detectability; ulcers 5 mm or larger were detected at
      a higher rate (80.0%) than those less than 5 mm (64.5%). Sensitivities of 65.9%
      and 57.4% were recorded for single- and double-contrast examinations,
      respectively, a statistically insignificant difference.

PMID- 3875261
TI  - Computed tomography of epithelial neoplasms of the anal canal.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with squamous-cell or cloacogenic carcinomas of the rectum
      were evaluated by computed tomography (CT). Seven patients were studied before
      and 19 after treatment. CT provided excellent definition of tumor extent,
      including local spread, lymph node involvement, and distant metastases. In one of
      seven pretherapy studies, CT findings significantly altered patient management.
      Tumor recurrence was correctly identified in 14 of 19 patients having posttherapy
      scans, although CT-guided biopsy was required to confirm the presence of
      malignancy in three cases. Four scans were false positive. Extensive soft-tissue
      stranding in the ischiorectal fossa and/or perirectal fat associated with a large
      focal mass occurred in all patients with local tumor recurrence. Stranding was
      also seen in all patients treated with radiation. CT is an excellent method for
      preliminary evaluation and follow-up of patients with anal epithelial neoplasms,
      facilitating rapid and effective management.

PMID- 3875262
TI  - Pubic and sacral insufficiency fractures: clinical course and radiologic
      findings.
AB  - Distinctive vertical insufficiency fractures of the pelvis were found in nine
      osteopenic patients. Each patient had subacute pelvic pain without antecedent
      trauma. The sacral fractures healed fairly quickly, but the pubic fractures often
      had a protracted course. Eight patients had combined sacral and pubic fractures;
      one had only sacral alar fractures. In three patients the sacral fractures
      preceded the pubic fractures by 3-4 months. All nine patients had skeletal
      demineralization due to metabolic bone disease, radiation therapy, or multiple
      myeloma. Recognition of the association between pubic and sacral insufficiency
      fractures should aid in recognizing the diffuse nature of the skeletal disease so
      that unnecessary biopsy of the fracture sites can be avoided.

PMID- 3875263
TI  - Assessment of the radial head-capitellum view and the dorsal fat-pad sign in
      acute elbow trauma.
AB  - The radial head-capitellum (RHC) view was assessed in a prospective study of 130
      patients with acute elbow trauma in whom 35 fractures were identified. The RHC
      view demonstrated only 16 of the 32 fractures available for review, including one
      fracture that was not seen on routine projections. Fat pads were displaced in all
      31 patients with fractures; fat-pad displacement was demonstrated on the true
      lateral view in 29 and on the conventional radial-head view in two patients.
      Routine use of the RHC projection is not justified in all cases of elbow trauma.
      It may be added in cases in which no fracture has been identified but clinical
      suspicion remains high or displaced fat pads are seen on the routine projections.

PMID- 3875264
TI  - Renal growth retardation in children: sign suggestive of vesicoureteral reflux?
AB  - Of 141 children undergoing surgery for vesicoureteral reflux detected by voiding
      cystourethrography, preoperative excretory urography demonstrated signs
      suggestive of vesicoureteral reflux in 154 (67.5%) of 228 refluxing ureter. In 48
      refluxing ureters (21%) renal growth retardation was the only sign; the latter
      was appreciated by applying the index described by Hodson, that is, the ratio of
      bipolar parenchymal thickness to total renal length. It was concluded that it is
      important to systematically calculate this simple index from every child's
      excretory urogram.

PMID- 3875265
TI  - Radiology of fracture-dislocation of the cervical spine during delivery.
AB  - Four infants with fracture-dislocation of the cervical spine after traumatic
      delivery are described. In one patient with tetraparesis and complete dislocation
      of the cervical spine, transection of the cord at C6 was shown at autopsy. Two
      patients had fractures through the superior cartilaginous plates of the vertebral
      body with anterior subluxation of the spine. A fourth patient had a vertical
      fracture through the body of C5 with tracheal compression secondary to anterior
      dislocation of the spine. With conservative therapy, these three patients had
      good clinical recovery with healing and remodeling of the fractured vertebrae.

PMID- 3875266
TI  - The impact of CT CORRELATE ScoutView images on radiation therapy planning.
AB  - CORRELATE is a new computer software program for CT that enables a radiologist to
      mark tumor margins on traditional CT cross-sectional images and then display the
      outline of that same tumor on CT ScoutView images. This function is particularly
      useful for radiation therapy planning because CORRELATE ScoutView images are in
      the same longitudinal plane as simulation radiographs used for tumor localization
      in radiation therapy. The impact of CORRELATE on the radiation therapy planning
      process was measured in 83 patients with various tumors. Therapy planning was
      performed before and after CORRELATE information was made available to the
      radiation therapist. CORRELATE information caused a change in the therapy plan in
      77% of the cases and increased confidence in the therapy plan in an additional
      22%. CORRELATE provides a useful and accurate tool for tumor localization.

PMID- 3875267
TI  - Incidence and prevalence: proper use.

PMID- 3875268
TI  - Film salvage for reducing radiation exposure.

PMID- 3875269
TI  - Lymphatic filling in ankle arthrography.

PMID- 3875270
TI  - Lesser sac anatomy.

PMID- 3875271
TI  - Parallax technique in breast lesion localization.

PMID- 3875273
TI  - Radiologists in practice.

PMID- 3875272
TI  - Allergic reaction during double-contrast upper GI series.

PMID- 3875274
TI  - Undrained bloody pericardial effusion in the early postoperative period after
      coronary bypass surgery: a prospective blood pool study.
AB  - To assess the clinical importance of hemopericardium after cardiac surgery,
      serial blood pool scintigrams were performed in 13 random patients throughout the
      initial hours after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Scintigraphic
      measurements of pericardial fluid accumulation and left ventricular ejection
      fraction were made. Hemodynamics, cardiac, output, and chest tube drainage were
      monitored; and symptoms of postpericardiotomy syndrome were recorded for a mean
      of 7.4 months after surgery. Seven of the 13 patients had no scintigraphic
      evidence of bloody pericardial effusion. Six patients had scintigraphic evidence
      of bloody pericardial effusion; three of these effusions were small, localized
      posteriorly, and evident throughout the study. In two other patients large
      collections of fluid (over 100 ml) developed. In one of these patients increased
      mediastinal drainage required reoperation. The other patient remained stable
      although mediastinal drainage decreased. The sixth patient showed a moderate
      effusion (95 ml) that decreased without evident effusion or drainage when the
      last image was taken. Two patients (one with evidence of a postoperative bloody
      effusion), had symptoms of postpericardiotomy syndrome in the follow-up period.
      This study reports the generally benign occurrence of bloody postoperative
      mediastinal effusions, the frequent accumulation of substantial amounts of
      undrained sanguineous fluid, and the lack of connection between the presence and
      or amount of pericardial blood and the postpericardiotomy syndrome. The
      importance of these scintigraphic findings can be interpreted only with knowledge
      of associated mediastinal drainage.

PMID- 3875275
TI  - Analysis of morbidity and mortality in patients 70 years of age and over
      undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass surgery.
AB  - With increasing frequency more elderly patients are referred for coronary artery
      bypass surgery. The operative results of 201 patients 70 years of age and over
      were compared with the results of 1242 patients under 70 years operated on since
      1981. A larger percentage of the elderly patients had triple-vessel disease
      (66.2% vs 51.0%, p less than 0.001), left main coronary artery obstruction (34.8%
      vs 16.3%, p less than 0.01), and an ejection fraction of less than or equal to
      45% (30.8% vs 21.1%, p less than 0.001). An increase percentage of the patients
      70 years of age and over had perioperative myocardial infarction (7.9% vs 4.1%, p
      less than 0.05), required prolonged ventilatory support (7.9% vs 3.1%, NS), and
      had major neurologic complications (4.0% vs 1.1%, p less than 0.001). The
      mortality rate was significantly higher in the elderly patients (5.9% vs 1.9%, p
      less than 0.01) but did not correlate with degree of coronary artery disease,
      anginal pattern, or preoperative ventricular function. Only 2 of 12 deaths in the
      elderly patients were from cardiac causes. This data would suggest that elderly
      patients have an increased risk for significant cardiac and noncardiac morbidity
      and mortality following coronary artery bypass surgery and that the higher
      mortality rate in this age group may be a result of noncardiac organ failure.

PMID- 3875276
TI  - Constrictive pericarditis following myocardial revascularization: a possible
      cause of graft occlusion.

PMID- 3875277
TI  - Growth and pubertal development in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
      due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency.
AB  - To evaluate growth and pubertal development in patients with congenital adrenal
      hyperplasia due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency, data were collected
      retrospectively from the charts of 24 patients, 15 girls and nine boys. Growth
      before diagnosis was characterized by a rapid acceleration in the second half of
      the first year of life, with rapid advancement of bone age. Final height was
      severely compromised in all the patients, regardless of age at diagnosis and
      quality of therapeutic control. Onset of puberty was precocious in male patients
      and normal in female patients. In this respect, treatment with hydrocortisone
      acetate proved to be superior to cortisone acetate or prednisone.

PMID- 3875278
TI  - Severe congenital leukopenia (reticular dysgenesis). Immunologic and morphologic
      characterizations of leukocytes.
AB  - We report fatal reticular dysgenesis in a premature infant presenting with
      severely decreased blood and bone marrow granulocytes and lymphocytes, an absent
      thymic shadow by x-ray film, and generalized lymphoid hypoplasia. Immunologic and
      electron microscopic evaluation of his white blood cells demonstrated that,
      despite extremely low cell numbers, cells from all stages of both granulocytic
      and lymphocytic development were present. Immature bone marrow cells of both
      myeloid and lymphoid lineages were found in much greater proportions than were
      mature cells; pre-B cells outnumbered B cells by more than tenfold.
      Megakaryocytes and erythroid cells appeared to be present in normal numbers, and
      tritiated-thymidine incorporation by bone marrow nucleated cells was also normal,
      although it may have largely occurred in erythroblasts. These data suggest that
      the primary defect in reticular dysgenesis is not failure in initiation of stem
      cell differentiation along lymphoid and myelomonocytic lines but rather an, as
      yet, undefined abnormality that interferes with normal growth and maturation of
      immune cells committed to these differentiation pathways.

PMID- 3875279
TI  - Trichomonas vaginalis infestation in sexually abused girls.
AB  - We report infection with Trichomonas vaginalis in four sexually abused girls; two
      of these patients are unique in that they were premenarchal. We discuss the
      clinical features in premenarchal and postmenarchal children and relate infection
      to the likelihood of prior sexual abuse.

PMID- 3875280
TI  - Course and complications of endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy: a prospective
      study of 50 patients.
AB  - Fifty consecutive patients with bleeding esophageal varices were treated with
      endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy (EVS) using the free hand method and a flexible
      fiberoptic endoscope. During the study period, November 1981 through April 1984,
      11 patients (22%) rebled after the initiations of EVS and six patients were lost
      to follow-up. Obliteration of esophageal varices was achieved in 14 patients and
      none of these patients rebled for a mean follow-up time of 305 days. Survival
      curves generated by Willcoxson life table analysis demonstrated 51% 1-year
      survival for all patients, 21% for Child's class C patients, and 100% for Child's
      A and B patients. The complications associated with EVS were ulcerations 78%,
      strictures 20%, fever 44%, and perforations 2%. This study indicates that EVS is
      a safe and effective treatment for acute variceal hemorrhage and obliteration of
      esophageal varices can be achieved. Once varices are obliterated rebleeding may
      not occur. Survival in Child's A and B patients may be improved with EVS but the
      survival in Child's C patients is unaffected.

PMID- 3875281
TI  - An unusual complication of balloon tamponade in the treatment of esophageal
      varices: a case report and brief review of the literature.
AB  - A Sengstaken-Blakemore tube was unable to be withdrawn 14 h after its initial
      insertion. Despite a number of recognized maneuvers, both gastric and esophageal
      balloons remained inflated leading to impaction of the tube. This uncommon
      complication along with other complications peculiar to the Sengstaken-Blakemore
      tube are described.

PMID- 3875282
TI  - Secular trends in age at onset, sex ratio, and type index in leprosy observed
      during declining incidence rates.
AB  - Epidemiologic surveillance in Norway, the United States, Nigeria, Japan,
      Venezuela, India, and China, covering periods from 1851 to 1981, demonstrates a
      consistent decline in incidence rates of leprosy. At the same time, secular
      trends have been observed which imply an increasing age at onset, an increasing
      male excess, and an increasing fraction of new cases represented by
      multibacillary leprosy. Theoretically, an increasing age at onset may be caused
      by two mechanisms, namely postponement of infection to a later age and/or an
      increasing fraction of patients with long incubation periods. Cohort analyses
      have shown no increase in age at onset in subsequent birth cohorts, but rather
      have shown a decrease. The latter mechanism, the increasing importance of long
      incubation periods, is consistent with the shift toward multibacillary cases in
      which the incubation period is longer than that in paucibacillary cases.
      Apparently, this mechanism has also been present during the decline of
      tuberculosis. An increasing fraction of new patients with long incubation
      periods, resulting in an increasing age at onset, is proposed as a general
      principle to be expected in any disease in rapid decline which also has a long
      and varying incubation period. This theory offers a basis for assessment of
      secular trends.

PMID- 3875283
TI  - Normal human blood density gradient lymphocyte subset analysis: I. An
      interlaboratory flow cytometric comparison of 85 normal adults.
AB  - An interlaboratory flow cytometric comparison of several commercially available
      human lymphocyte subset reagents was undertaken in three different laboratories.
      Fresh Hypaque-Ficoll purified blood mononuclear cells were stained at 4 degrees C
      or 22 degrees C. Direct or indirect surface immunofluorescence was carried out at
      all sites using an EPICS V flow cytometer. Fullbright, 10-micron fluorescent
      polystyrene microspheres were used for optical alignment and standardization. A
      log integral fluorescent histogram gated on forward and right angle scatter was
      collected on 1-2 X 10(4) cells for each reagent and the proportion, of positive
      cell determined for each reagent. With the exception of one reagent, anti-B1,
      which showed an approximately twofold variation, all three laboratories showed
      remarkable agreement. Thus there was no significant difference noted for the
      following reagents: OKT4, CCT4, Leu 3a, Leu 2a, OKT8, or CCT8. We attribute these
      findings to the availability of quality reagents, precision instrumentation, and
      a standard lymphocyte preparation.

PMID- 3875284
TI  - Prolonged survival in Richter syndrome with subsequent reemergence of CLL: a case
      report including serial cell-surface phenotypic analysis.
AB  - The development of a large cell lymphoma in a patient with chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia (Richter syndrome) is associated with a poor prognosis. There is dispute
      regarding the clonal origin of the large cell component. We described a patient
      in whom prolonged remission of the large cell component was achieved with
      combination chemotherapy, followed by subsequent reemergence of the less
      aggressive CLL clone. Serial cell surface phenotypic data are presented
      suggesting origin of both histologies from a common B-cell clone.

PMID- 3875285
TI  - Therapy of chronic relapsing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with prednisone
      and azathioprine.
AB  - As a 51-year-old woman recovered from an initial acute episode of thrombotic
      thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), her plasma was found to contain unusually large
      von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers. Clinical, hematological, and vWF studies
      of her siblings and children were normal. The unusually large vWF forms were
      presumably derived from endothelial cells, persisted in her plasma after
      recovery, and were associated with recurrent episodes of TTP during the
      subsequent 6 months. After the last episode of relapse they disappeared from her
      plasma following 3 1/2 weeks of therapy with prednisone and did not return during
      17 months of treatment with prednisone and/or azathioprine. She is now receiving
      no drugs, has normal plasma vWF forms, and has not had any more episodes of TTP.
      We conclude that our patient had an acquired defect in the conversion of
      unusually large vWF multimers derived from endothelial cells to the somewhat
      smaller vWF forms usually present in circulation. The defect may have been immune
      mediated, because it was eliminated during therapy with immunosuppressive drugs.

PMID- 3875286
TI  - C1q nephropathy: a distinct pathologic entity usually causing nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - The presence, distribution, and intensity of glomerular C1q localization were
      evaluated by direct immunofluorescence microscopy in 800 renal biopsy specimens
      which were also studied by light and electron microscopy. Identified were 15
      patients with extensive (mean: 3.6 + out of 4 +), predominantly mesangial, C1q
      localization along with C3 and immunoglobulins, but no evidence for systemic
      lupus erythematosus. Pathologically, this lesion most closely resembled lupus
      nephritis. Clinical and pathologic data from these 15 C1q nephropathy patients
      were compared to data from 30 lupus nephritis and 223 other proliferative
      glomerulonephritis patients, and the C1q nephropathy patients were found to be
      dissimilar to both groups. The 15 C1q nephropathy patients had an average age of
      17.8 years, 8 males, 7 females, 9 Black, 100% had proteinuria (mean 7.5 g/d), 40%
      hematuria, 0% hypocomplementemia, and 0% antinuclear antibodies. By electron
      microscopy, 100% had mesangial dense deposits, 20% capillary wall dense deposits,
      and 0% endothelial tubuloreticular inclusions. Nine patients treated with
      steroids had no definite resolution of proteinuria. We proposed that C1q
      nephropathy is a distinct clinicopathologic entity, usually causing steroid
      resistant nephrotic syndrome in older children and young adults.

PMID- 3875287
TI  - Non-group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal cellulitis. Association with venous and
      lymphatic compromise.
AB  - Cellulitis occurring in the limbs of patients who have previously undergone
      saphenous venectomy and coronary bypass surgery has been the subject of several
      recent reports. Although isolation of pathogenic microorganisms from these
      lesions has been uncommon, this report describes three patients who had undergone
      venectomy previously and in whom non-group A beta-hemolytic streptococci were
      recovered either during acute episodes of cellulitis or during quiescent
      intervals. There are to date only four other reported cases of post-venectomy
      cellulitis from which beta-hemolytic streptococci were isolated: one was non
      group A and the others were not serologically characterized. Moreover, studies in
      patients without bypass who have experienced cellulitis in extremities with
      compromised venous and/or lymphatic circulation have also yielded a substantial
      number of non-group A streptococci. The data thus far implicate non-group A beta
      hemolytic streptococci as a major cause of cellulitis, especially in the setting
      of circulatory compromise.

PMID- 3875288
TI  - Appraisal of lupus nephritis by renal imaging with gallium-67.
AB  - To assess the activity of lupus nephritis, 43 patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) were studied by gallium imaging. Delayed renal visualization
      48 hours after the gallium injection, a positive result, was noted in 25 of 48
      scans. Active renal disease was defined by the presence of hematuria, pyuria (10
      or more red blood cells or white blood cells per high-power field), proteinuria
      (1 g or more per 24 hours), a rising serum creatinine level, or a recent biopsy
      specimen showing proliferative and/or necrotizing lesions involving more than 20
      percent of glomeruli. Renal disease was active in 18 instances, inactive in 23,
      and undetermined in seven (a total of 48 scans). Sixteen of the 18 scans (89
      percent) in patients with active renal disease showed positive findings, as
      compared with only four of 23 scans (17 percent) in patients with inactive renal
      disease (p less than 0.001). Patients with positive scanning results had a higher
      rate of hypertension (p = 0.02), nephrotic proteinuria (p = 0.01), and
      progressive renal failure (p = 0.02). Mild mesangial nephritis (World Health
      Organization classes I and II) was noted only in the patients with negative
      scanning results (p = 0.02) who, however, showed a higher incidence of severe
      extrarenal SLE (p = 0.04). It is concluded that gallium imaging is a useful tool
      in evaluating the activity of lupus nephritis.

PMID- 3875289
TI  - Goiter in pregnant teenagers.
AB  - Enlargement of the thyroid gland is common in adolescent girls, but there have
      been no previous reports of the frequency of goiter in pregnant teenagers. This
      study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of goiter in 309 consecutive
      pregnant adolescent patients, ages 11 to 19 years, who presented for prenatal
      care at the University of California (San Diego) Medical Center Teen OB Clinic.
      Eighteen patients (6%) were found to have a goiter. Subsequent diagnostic tests
      revealed that 28% of the patients had autoimmune thyroid disorders (chronic
      thyroiditis or Graves' disease), and the remainder had nontoxic goiters or
      subacute thyroiditis. Black patients had significantly more thyroid disease than
      Mexican-American (p less than 0.01) or white patients (p less than 0.005). The
      incidence of thyroid problems during pregnancy did not differ significantly from
      that of 600 nonpregnant teenagers who came to the general Adolescent Medicine
      Clinic for other health problems. Because abnormalities in thyroid function may
      have potentially adverse implications for mothers and their infants, we recommend
      careful evaluation of all pregnant teenagers with goiter to assess maternal
      thyroid function and to provide treatment if necessary.

PMID- 3875290
TI  - Importance of differential diagnosis in acute vaginitis.
AB  - Acute vaginitis is one of the most common diseases seen in the practice of office
      gynecology. Large survey studies of women with lower genital tract symptoms
      suggestive of vaginitis have demonstrated the presence of three major etiologic
      categories in acute vaginitis: (1) nonspecific vaginosis (Gardnerella vaginalis),
      (2) vulvovaginal candidiasis (Candida albicans), and (3) trichomoniasis
      (Trichomonas vaginalis). Effective treatment of acute vaginitis requires that an
      accurate diagnosis be established and etiologic microorganism(s) be identified.
      In general, the differential diagnosis of acute vaginitis does not rely on
      elaborate technology but, rather, requires inexpensive and readily available
      office equipment and supplies, a detailed history, and an adequate examination of
      the external genitalia, vagina, and cervix. Only after the etiology of vaginitis
      has been identified can appropriate therapeutic intervention(s) be utilized.

PMID- 3875291
TI  - Prolonged complementary chromatopsia in users of video display terminals.

PMID- 3875293
TI  - Antiobsessive effect of fluoxetine.

PMID- 3875292
TI  - Heparin inhibits mesangial cell proliferation in habu-venom-induced glomerular
      injury.
AB  - The authors have investigated the ability of anticoagulant heparin and
      nonanticoagulant heparin to inhibit mesangial-cell proliferation after the
      administration of habu (Trimeresurus flavorivids) snake venom to rats. Rats given
      injected habu venom exhibited glomerular capillary cystic lesions 6 to 24 hours
      later, and marked mesangial proliferation was noted within the cyst after 3 days.
      At 7 days 87% of these lesions (nodules) contained primarily mesangial cells
      embedded in a dense matrix and fibrin. A decrease in the frequency of nodules and
      the persistence of cysts indicate effective antiproliferative treatment. When
      anticoagulant heparin treatment extended from 18 hours after venom administration
      until sacrifice at 7 days, the percentage of nodules was reduced to 40%.
      Nonanticoagulant heparins resulted in some, but inconsistent, inhibition of
      mesangial-cell proliferation. The mechanism of the antiproliferative action of
      heparin on mesangial cells is not known but may be similar to that for vascular
      smooth muscle growth regulation. The authors suggest that endogenous heparin in
      the glomerular basement membrane and mesangial matrix may exert an
      antiproliferative effect under normal conditions. Loss of this inhibition due to
      glomerular damage might be reversed by the addition of exogenous heparin.

PMID- 3875294
TI  - Coexisting carotid stenosis in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: indications
      and guidelines for simultaneous operations.
AB  - The coexistence of critical carotid stenosis with coronary artery or valvular
      heart disease occurs in a small percentage of patients requiring open heart
      surgical procedures. Recognition of such combined lesions by noninvasive carotid
      testing identifies patients at risk for neurologic events. Our experience with 62
      patients having combined simultaneous carotid and cardiac operations among 2,400
      open heart surgery patients was compared with the results in 110 patients with
      only carotid endarterectomy operations. The outcomes indicated that carotid
      endarterectomy can be performed simultaneously with open heart surgical
      procedures with morbidity and mortality rates similar to those of isolated
      cervical artery operations. Thus, patients with significant coexisting carotid
      artery disease defined with specific criteria and coronary artery disease need
      not be exposed to cerebral ischemic events or to myocardial infarctions that
      often accompany staged operations.

PMID- 3875295
TI  - [The vestibular system in patients with the so-called toxic syndrome].

PMID- 3875296
TI  - [Hemodynamic changes in infusion with nimodipine].
AB  - The haemodynamic effects of 0.03 mg/kg bwxh (approximately equal to 0.5
      microgram/kg bwxmin) and 0.06 mg/kg bwxh (approximately equal to 1.0 microgram/kg
      bwxmin) nimodipine as an infusion has been studied in 64 patients undergoing
      aorto-coronary-bypass surgery. The measurements were performed at 4 different
      times: 1. before induction of anaesthesia, 2. after induction of anaesthesia, 3.
      before cannulation of the aorta, 4. during extracorporeal circulation (ECC).
      After ECC haemodynamics were controlled in detail as a follow-up study. Each
      group was compared to a control group having received 0.9% NaCl as placebo.
      Preoperative infusion of 0.03 mg/kg bwxh nimodipine caused no relevant influence
      on haemodynamics, whereas 0.06 mg/kg bwxh led to a decrease in arterial blood
      pressure, peripheral and pulmonary vascular resistance and to a simultaneous
      increase in cardiac index. Similar haemodynamic effects were registered
      intraoperatively with both dosages. There was no relevant influence on
      contractility. During ECC nimodipine led to a decrease in arterial perfusion
      pressure and oxygenator volume, thus indicating arterial vasodilation and venous
      pooling. After ECC the investigation revealed a stabilization in cardiac rhythm
      and myocardial function. With respect to haemodynamics 0.03 mg/kg bwxh
      nimodipine, a dosage being used in neurosurgery, can be classified as safe. When
      higher dosages are necessary continuous haemodynamic and cerebral monitoring are
      recommended in order to avoid a hazardous drop in arterial blood pressure with a
      consecutive decrease in myocardial and cerebral blood flow (steal phenomena) in
      spite of better global perfusion.

PMID- 3875298
TI  - Myocardial ischemia due to obstruction of an aortocoronary bypass graft by
      intraoperative positioning.

PMID- 3875297
TI  - All-reagent test tablets and method for rapid and selective alpha-amylase
      iodometric determination.
AB  - The new type of test tablets (Iodocrom) for alpha-amylase assay contain
      crosslinked (CL)-amylose or CL-starch (specific substrates for alpha-amylase
      only) and the reagent (KIO3/KI) generating iodine (in acidic medium, when the
      reaction is stopped). The method--amyloclastic in nature--is based on selective
      action of alpha-amylase on the CL-substrate liberating soluble polysaccharide
      chains large enough and in a conformation suitable to allow the formation of
      iodine inclusion complexes. Unlike the classical iodometric methods, the reaction
      is followed by an increase in iodine complex blue color. The method has some
      common points with the well-known chromogenic (e.g., Phadebas) methods. Both use
      insoluble substrates which are not susceptible to attack by exoamylases and in
      both cases the enzymatic reaction is followed by the release of soluble products.
      The amounts of these released chains and the absorbances of their inclusion
      complexes with iodine are in a linear dependence with the enzyme concentration
      (activity).

PMID- 3875299
TI  - Postanesthetic shivering in primates: inhibition by peripheral heating and by
      taurine.
AB  - There has been little research on the cause(s) of postanesthetic shivering (PAS)
      and on specific interventions. Therefore, the authors investigated PAS in eight
      unoperated squirrel monkeys anesthetized with halothane-nitrous oxide mixture.
      Shivering developed in all monkeys in which body temperature was allowed to
      decrease (mean +/- SEM, 2.8 +/- 0.6 degrees C) during anesthesia. Shivering
      occurred in 25% of animals in which body temperature was actively maintained at
      preanesthetic levels during anesthesia. No shivering occurred in animals warmed
      both during and after anesthesia. Application of radiant heat to the skin stopped
      PAS immediately, even though deep body temperature remained low; shivering
      resumed within seconds after this heating was discontinued.
      Intracerebroventricular (0.1-2 mg) and intravenous (100 mg/kg) administration of
      the putative inhibitory neurotransmitter taurine also stopped the shivering in
      preliminary experiments, but central injection of alpha-melanocyte stimulating
      hormone (100-300 micrograms), an endogenous antipyretic, did not. The results
      implicate reduced body temperature and activation of central heat production
      pathways as major factors in PAS and suggest that halothane-nitrous oxide
      anesthesia per se, elevation of the thermal set-point, and surgical procedures
      are not essential to the shivering phenomenon. The results suggest for future
      study two methods to control PAS: application of radiant heat or administration
      of taurine.

PMID- 3875300
TI  - Inhalant allergy to wild animals (deer and elk).
AB  - We studied 15 highly atopic persons with historic and/or skin test evidence of
      allergy to deer or elk. All 15 were also reactive to domestic animal danders
      (dog, cat, or horse). Twelve patients had elevated IgE antibody levels to deer
      hair/dander and six patients had elevated IgE antibody levels to elk hair/dander.
      Elevated IgE antibody levels to serum or urine from deer or elk were found in six
      persons. By using individual patient sera in RAST inhibition experiments we
      showed that IgE antibodies were directed to allergens common to hair/dander,
      urine, and serum. One individual reacted to an allergen common to both deer and
      cat hair/dander. We concluded that atopic individuals sensitive to domestic
      animals may develop IgE-mediated reactions to deer or elk allergens following
      recreational or professional hunting contact with these animals.

PMID- 3875301
TI  - HLA-A, -B and -C specificities in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in the
      Egyptian population.
AB  - The diversity of HLA antigens frequencies associated with Insulin Dependent
      Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) reported in different populations raised the importance
      of determining HLA-A, -B and -C specificities in patients with IDDM in the
      Egyptian population. The study has been carried out on thirty patients with IDDM
      and thirty healthy control subjects matched for age and sex as patients included
      in the study. The results of the present work showed that patients with IDDM
      showed a significant increase in frequency of HLA-A2, HLA-B8 and HLA-B15. These
      findings are in accordance with the genetic heterogeneity of IDDM which is in
      turn in harmony with the modern concept on the complex aetiology of the disease.
      On the other hand, HLA-A3, HLA-B5 and HLA-B7 have been found significantly
      decreased in patients with IDDM, thus suggesting that these alleles may confer a
      protective effect from acquiring the disease. When HLA specificities have been
      studied in relation to the age of onset of the disease, HLA-A29 have been found
      in higher frequency in the age group after 15 years, while HLA-B15 in that before
      15 years. This variability may be related to variation in the viral agents
      responsible for the infectious mechanism.

PMID- 3875302
TI  - Detection of beta-lactamase produced by Staphylococcus intermedius.
AB  - One iodometric, 2 chromogenic, and 3 acidometric methods were compared for the
      detection of beta-lactamase produced by Staphylococcus intermedius (n = 105)
      isolated from dogs. Of 575 tests performed, using the 6 methods evaluated, 316
      (55.0%) were positive for beta-lactamase production. The iodometric method was
      the reference method. With the exception of a high correlation (r = 0.962)
      between 1 acidometric method and 1 chromogenic method, the 5 commercial methods
      had correlation coefficients less than 0.900 when comparisons were made among
      them. The 6 methods were in agreement for 69 (65.7%) of the isolates. Based on
      the findings of this study, an inexpensive, laboratory-prepared, paper strip
      iodometric method was as reliable as 5 commercial methods for beta-lactamase
      detection and is recommended for routine use in clinical laboratories.

PMID- 3875303
TI  - Surgery for angina pectoris.

PMID- 3875304
TI  - [Prevalence of HLA-A and -B antigens, anti-HBc and -HBs antibodies in alcoholic
      hepatopathies].
AB  - The frequency of 26 HLA-A and B antigens and of antibodies to the hepatitis B
      core antigen (anti-HBc) and surface antigen (anti-HBs) has been studied in 150
      alcoholic patients divided into 3 groups: I) n = 50, isolated hepatic steatosis;
      II) n = 50, acute alcoholic hepatitis +/- cirrhosis; III) n = 50, cirrhosis
      without acute alcoholic hepatitis. For the control group 184 blood donors were
      selected. In all these subjects, as in all the alcoholic patients, the Alsatian
      origin of four grand parents was proved. An increased frequency of HLA-B15 was
      observed in group III (34 p. 100) compared to the control group (9.8 p. 100)
      (corrected p less than 0.001). There was no significant difference between the
      four groups for all the other HLA antigens. In group III, the prevalence of anti
      HBc and/or anti-HBs was higher in patients with HLA-B15 (64.7 p. 100) than in
      patients without this antigen (15.1 p. 100) (p less than 0.001). In groups I and
      II, there was no significant difference. These results suggest that there is a
      genetic predisposition to cirrhosis without acute alcoholic hepatitis, dependent
      on HLA-B15 antigen. This predisposition could involve the hepatitis B virus.

PMID- 3875305
TI  - Co-existence of cholecystokinin- or gastrin-like peptides with other peptides in
      the hypophysis and the hypothalamus.
AB  - The presence of cholecystokinin and gastrin has been reported in the
      hypothalamohypophyseal system. These peptides present a peculiar distribution in
      the hypothalamic nuclei, the median eminence, and the neurohypophysis. CCK and
      gastrin have close relationships with other peptides like oxytocin, CRF,
      vasopressin, and the enkephalins; these relationships vary in different
      projecting areas and in different types of hypothalamic neurons. The functional
      role of G-CCK in neurosecretion seems to be linked to the role of these closely
      associated peptides and certainly deserves further investigation.

PMID- 3875306
TI  - Assessment of immunocompetent cells in patients with head and neck squamous cell
      carcinoma.
AB  - Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck have impaired T cell
      function and poor tumor-specific responsiveness. Disproportionate levels of
      circulating immunocompetent cells could be one reason for this diminished
      immunity. In this study, a panel of monoclonal antibodies and flow
      cytofluorometry were used to define the relative proportions of selected immune
      cell populations. We detected a deficiency of the interleukin-2-producing subset
      of T helper-inducer cells (TH 5.2+) in these patients. Our data showed no
      significant differences in circulating levels of total T cells, T cell subsets, B
      cells, monocytes, or natural killer cells when compared to age, alcohol- and
      tobacco-use matched controls.

PMID- 3875307
TI  - [A new case of lupus induced by acebutolol].
AB  - Few such observations of beta-blocker-induced lupus have been published in the
      medical literature. In the index case, the usual criteria were present.
      Acebutolol withdrawal resulted in rapid clinical improvement. Antinuclear
      antibodies are still present after nine months follow up. Pathogenic hypotheses
      are discussed.

PMID- 3875308
TI  - Effects of mitral valve replacement on ventilation, volumes, diffusing capacity
      and regional perfusion of lungs in patients with mitral valve disease.
AB  - The effects of mitral valve replacement on ventilation, lung volumes, diffusing
      capacity and regional perfusion of the lungs were studied in eight patients with
      long-standing mitral valve disease. Eight patients of the same age with coronary
      artery disease who underwent coronary bypass operation were tested as controls.
      Preoperatively, the patients with mitral valve disease had significantly higher
      perfusion of the upper lung fields and the ratio of residual volume to total lung
      capacity than the control patients. Vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in
      one second and maximal expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity were lower in
      comparison with the control group. Seven days after open heart surgery the values
      of all the parameters mentioned above had decreased significantly from the
      preoperative levels in both groups. Three months post-operatively, the values
      returned to preoperative levels. The abnormal overperfusion of the upper lung
      fields and other derangements in the ventilatory pattern did not subside even
      though cardiac haemodynamics were corrected by mitral valve replacement.

PMID- 3875309
TI  - [Technic, failures and complications in the extraction of ureteral calculi using
      a rigid ureteroscope].
AB  - The authors describe the technique for the removal of ureteral stones by
      ureteroscopy. They stress the need to use perfectly suitable instruments
      (ureteroscope, baskets and ultrasound or hydro-electric lithotrites), and the
      importance of extreme gentleness in the manipulations and great patience. The
      time taken to perform a simple ureterostomy should not be compared to the time
      necessary for a complex endoscopic extraction. The quality of the dilatation
      counts for three quarters of the success. Fluoroscopic monitoring facilitates the
      operation. Ureteral drainage is necessary in the case of a long or fairly
      traumatic operation, or if there is urinary infection. With these precautions,
      rigid ureteroscopy can be used for three quarters of ureteral stones. Only one
      serious complication was registered: the rupture of the pelvic ureter during the
      extraction of a voluminous lumbar stone.

PMID- 3875310
TI  - Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in the treatment of lower respiratory tract
      infections caused by beta-lactamase-positive Haemophilus influenzae and
      Branhamella catarrhalis.
AB  - Twenty-one adult patients hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections
      due to Branhamella catarrhalis or Haemophilus influenzae or both were treated
      with the combination of oral amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate (Augmentin) in
      an open, noncomparative clinical trial. Diseases included pneumonia, empyema, and
      exacerbations of bronchiectasis and chronic lung disease. Thirteen of 16 B.
      catarrhalis and six of nine H. influenzae isolates were beta-lactamase positive.
      The patients with B. catarrhalis were treated for a mean of 5.3 days, and those
      with H. influenzae were treated for a mean of 7.0 days. The overall response to
      therapy was excellent, with 18 of 19 beta-lactamase-producing strains eradicated
      on therapy. One patient secondarily infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was a
      clinical failure, and two patients with H. influenzae who became culture positive
      again after therapy were considered microbiologic failures. Gastrointestinal side
      effects (especially nausea) were common, although all patients completed a course
      of therapy. Sputum levels of amoxicillin were surprisingly low (less than 0.05 to
      0.54 micrograms/ml), a finding which may explain the high relapse rate (22%) seen
      with H. influenzae, as these are below the usual MICs of amoxicillin for this
      organism. The combination of amoxicillin plus potassium clavulanate appears to be
      an excellent drug for treatment of beta-lactamase-producing strains of these two
      species, although mild gastrointestinal side effects are common.

PMID- 3875311
TI  - Purification and properties of a novel beta-lactamase from Fusobacterium
      nucleatum.
AB  - A strain of Fusobacterium nucleatum which produced high levels of beta-lactamase
      was isolated. The specific activity of the unpurified beta-lactamase was 7.8 U/mg
      of protein. By Sephacryl S-300 and S-200 column passage and chromatofocusing, the
      enzyme was purified 450-fold. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-gradient gel electrophoresis
      revealed a single band. The enzyme hydrolyzed phenoxymethylpenicillin,
      benzylpenicillin, and ampicillin more rapidly than carbenicillin and
      piperacillin. Cephaloridine, cefaclor, cephalothin, imipenem, and SCH 34343 had
      hydrolysis rates of less than or equal to 1% that of phenoxymethylpenicillin. The
      enzyme was inhibited by clavulanic acid and RO-15-1903/001 but not by p
      mercuribenzoate or cefoxitin. Molecular weight by gel filtration was determined
      to be 21,000 and by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gradient gel electrophoresis was
      determined to be 26,000. The amino acids aspartic acid-asparagine, glutamic acid
      glutamine, serine, glycine, and lysine dominated the amino acid composition.

PMID- 3875312
TI  - Studies with temocillin in a hamster model of antibiotic-associated colitis.
AB  - Hamsters given the new penicillin temocillin, either orally or by injection, did
      not develop antibiotic-associated colitis, whereas animals given the control
      antibiotics cefoxitin or clindamycin developed the disease, which is
      characterized by marked hemorrhagic cecitis and high cecal levels of Clostridium
      difficile cytotoxin.

PMID- 3875313
TI  - Immunological comparison between OXA-2 beta-lactamase and those mediated by other
      R plasmids.
AB  - Antibodies to the OXA-2 beta-lactamase inhibited both OXA-2 and OXA-3 enzymes,
      but there was no effect on any other beta-lactamase. The cross-neutralization
      indicates considerable homology between the OXA-2 and OXA-3 enzymes and supports
      the suggestion that the OXA-3 beta-lactamase may have been derived from the OXA-2
      gene via a deletion.

PMID- 3875314
TI  - Platelet activating factor-stimulated formation of inositol triphosphate in
      platelets and its regulation by various agents including Ca2+, indomethacin, CV
      3988, and forskolin.
AB  - When myo-2-[3H]inositol-labeled rabbit platelets were stimulated with 1 X 10(-9)M
      sn-3-AGEPC (platelet activating factor) for 5 s, the levels of [3H]inositol
      monophosphate (IP), [3H]inositol diphosphate (IP2), and [3H]inositol triphosphate
      (IP3) increased about 1.5-, 3-, and 5-fold, respectively. Formation of these
      inositol polyphosphates was strikingly independent of extracellular Ca2+.
      Inactive analogs of sn-3-AGEPC, i.e., lysoGEPC and stereoisomer sn-1-AGEPC, did
      not cause production of any inositol polyphosphate. Pretreatment of platelets
      with indomethacin (5 microM) had little effect on this phenomenon. On the other
      hand, a platelet activating factor antagonist, CV-3988, blocked the AGEPC
      stimulated production of radioactive IP, IP2, and IP3. Similarly forskolin, an
      activator of adenylate cyclase, at 5 microM or above completely abolished AGEPC
      induced aggregation, [3H]serotonin secretion, and formation of [3H]inositol
      polyphosphates. In the light of the emerging role of AGEPC in inflammation,
      hypotension, and other cardiovascular processes, studies with platelets reported
      here indicate that forskolin could be a useful tool for manipulating AGEPC
      responses. It is further concluded that AGEPC-induced formation of inositol
      polyphosphate is an early response "specific" to AGEPC, mediated via
      extracellular Ca2+-independent phosphoinositide phosphodiesterase, and could play
      a role in intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and platelet shape change.

PMID- 3875315
TI  - Chemical modification of liquefying alpha-amylase: role of tyrosine residues at
      its active center.
AB  - Liquefying alpha-amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was inactivated by
      treatment with tetranitromethane and N-acetylimidazole. The loss of activity
      occurred with modification of five tyrosine residues. Preincubation of the enzyme
      with either the substrate or the competitive inhibitor at saturating levels
      provided complete protection against inactivation. However, the presence of
      substrate/inhibitor in the reaction mixture protected only two of the five
      modifiable tyrosine residues, suggesting the involvement of only two tyrosine
      residues at the active center. This was confirmed when hydroxylamine treatment of
      the acetylated enzyme fully restored the enzymatic activity. Both nitration and
      acetylation increased the apparent Km of the enzyme for soluble starch, which
      indicated that the tyrosine residues are involved in substrate binding. Reduction
      of nitrotyrosine residues to aminotyrosine residues failed to restore the
      enzymatic activity. So, the loss of activity on modification of tyrosine residues
      was ascribed to conformational perturbances and not simply to the changes in the
      ionic character of tyrosine residues.

PMID- 3875316
TI  - Biosynthesis of rice seed alpha-amylase: two pathways of amylase secretion by the
      scutellum.
AB  - The alpha-amylase molecule secreted from the scutellar tissues of rice seedlings
      bears asparagine-linked oligosaccharides which include both (modified) complex
      type and high-mannose-type structures. On the basis of their sensitivity to endo
      beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (Endo-beta-H), they are designated as R and S types.
      When labeled with [3H]fucose a typical R-type alpha-amylase is labeled. By
      contrast, [3H]mannose-labeled alpha-amylase can be partly digested by Endo-beta
      H; hence, it contains both R and S molecules. The role of the Golgi complex in
      the post-translational oligosaccharide maturation of alpha-amylase was explored
      by use of the carboxylic ionophore, monensin (10(-7)M), a known perturbant of the
      structure and function of the Golgi complex. The monensin sensitivity of alpha
      amylase transport and acquisition of terminal sugars as well as the morphologic
      consequences of monensin treatment point to a similarity between the Golgi
      complex of plant and animal cells. In order to elucidate the relationship between
      the secretion of two different forms of alpha-amylase and the partial inhibitory
      effect exerted by monensin, the possible role of Ca2+ in the secretory pathway
      was examined. The secretion of the R form was stimulated by Ca2+, whereas that of
      the S form was not affected by the external concentration of Ca2+. In pulse-chase
      experiments, we found that R-type alpha-amylase accumulates intracellularly under
      Ca2+-free conditions. These results indicate that there is both Ca2+-dependent
      and Ca2+-independent secretion of alpha-amylase in the rice scutellar epithelium
      cells.

PMID- 3875317
TI  - Histiocytosis X--current controversies.

PMID- 3875318
TI  - Human milk stimulates B cell function.
AB  - The effect of human milk on B cell function was studied by using murine spleen
      cells stimulated with suboptimal doses of lipopolysaccharide. Cell free,
      defatted, filtered colostrum as well as mature breast milk showed an enhancing
      effect on B cell proliferation and generation of antibody secretion, but this was
      not seen with formula milk. The activity was heat sensitive and resisted
      overnight dialysis. It is suggested that this could represent an important
      immunological mechanism explaining the anti-infectious properties of breast milk.

PMID- 3875319
TI  - Involvement of complement in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis--measurement of C3a
      and C5a, C3, C4 and C1 inactivator.
AB  - Normal complement components and activation products were determined in the
      peripheral blood of 35 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and 24 patients with
      psoriasis at a mild to intermediate stage. None of the patients had received
      systemic or local steroid therapy 6 weeks prior to blood collection. Levels of
      C3, C4 and C1 inactivator (C1 INA) were determined in serum by radial
      immunodiffusion, whereas C3a and C5a levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. In
      comparison to healthy non-atopic controls, the levels of C3, C4 and C1 INA were
      found to be significantly increased in both diseases. No substantial differences
      were detected between patients with psoriasis vulgaris and psoriasis guttata,
      which suggests that the dissimilarities found were not due to preceding or
      concomitant infections. In AD, there was a tendency towards increased C3a levels,
      whereas in psoriasis, C3a levels were significantly increased. In both diseases,
      no measurable amounts of C5a could be detected. The results indicate that, in
      both AD and psoriasis, the complement participates in the inflammatory process.
      Elevated levels of C3a suggest that there is a continuous activation of the
      complement system leading to the generation of inflammatory mediators.

PMID- 3875320
TI  - Modulation of type-IV procollagen and laminin production in A431 human squamous
      epidermoid carcinoma cells by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and
      epidermal growth factor (EGF).
AB  - The effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and epidermal growth
      factor (EGF) on type-IV-procollagen (basement-membrane collagen) and laminin
      synthesis, turnover, and secretion was studied in human A431 squamous epidermoid
      carcinoma cells. Type-IV procollagen and laminin were biochemically and
      immunologically identified in the medium and cell extracts using immuno
      precipitation followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. EGF or TPA produced a sixfold increase in type-IV-procollagen
      and laminin secretion within 2 h; this was accompanied by a three- to fourfold
      increase in the levels of cell-associated type-IV procollagen and laminin,
      respectively. The level of type-IV-procollagen and laminin synthesis and
      secretion remained elevated for at least 16 h after the administration of either
      EGF or TPA. A combination of EGF and TPA was more effective than either agent
      alone in promoting the secretion of laminin but not of type-IV procollagen. EGF
      and/or TPA did not, however, produce a selective increase in the synthesis of
      collagen and laminin, since total protein synthesis was also increased to the
      same degree by these agents. As determined by labeling and chase studies, neither
      EGF nor TPA had any appreciable effect upon type-IV-procollagen or laminin
      degradation. These results indicate that the synthesis of components associated
      with the basement membrane in A431 cells (i.e., type-IV procollagen and laminin)
      can be rapidly modulated by EGF and a tumor promoter, i.e., TPA.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3875321
TI  - Detection of immunoreactive leukotrienes LTC4/D4 in skin-blister fluid after
      allergen testing in patients with late cutaneous reactions (LCR).

PMID- 3875322
TI  - Autoantibodies in childhood scleroderma.
AB  - The clinical presentation of scleroderma in childhood is even more varied than in
      adult life. This study of 19 children shows that antinuclear antibodies (ANA)
      detected on the HEp2 cell substrate are just as common as in the adult disorders.
      All seven children with diffuse scleroderma or acrosclerosis were ANA positive,
      as were eight of the 12 with more localised disease. Antinucleolar antibodies
      were particularly frequent (58% overall), but anticentromere antibody was not
      observed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for antibodies to collagen
      types I-V, in contrast to adult scleroderma, gave normal results in all childhood
      cases.

PMID- 3875323
TI  - Cellular immunohistopathology of acute, subacute, and chronic synovitis in
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Cellular inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial membrane was studied
      in biopsy specimens taken at different stages of synovitis and disease. Patients
      were classified into three subgroups: acute RA, subacute RA, and chronic RA.
      Inflammatory cells were characterised by a histochemical esterase method and
      immunohistochemical peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) and avidin-biotin-peroxidase
      (ABC) staining. The amounts and distribution of inflammatory cells were different
      in various stages of the synovitis. In acute onset RA monocytes and granulocytes
      predominated, suggesting that the beginning of rheumatoid inflammation is similar
      to inflammatory reaction in general. The presence of T cells and also of plasma
      cells in subacute RA suggests underlying subclinical changes also in apparently
      healthy joints in RA. The most typical feature of prolonged synovitis in chronic
      RA was its intensity, characterised by the presence of large T cell and plasma
      cell infiltrates. Our findings suggest that the immunological mechanisms are
      secondary to the tissue damage caused by the initial inflammatory events of
      unknown cause. However, the immunological mechanisms may still play a central
      role in the aetiopathogenesis, because findings in chronic RA suggest a defective
      down-regulation of the immune response.

PMID- 3875324
TI  - Fibrin glue.

PMID- 3875325
TI  - Safe aorta-saphenous vein anastomosis.

PMID- 3875326
TI  - Antiarrhythmic and electrophysiological actions of flecainide, bepridil and
      amiodarone on isolated heart preparations during controlled hypoxia.
AB  - A model of arrhythmias based on the application of sinusoidal alternating current
      (ac) to isolated heart preparations has been employed to determine the effects of
      hypoxia (30 vol % O2 in the perfusion medium) on the threshold of arrhythmia and
      asystole. With this method three representatives of different classes of
      antiarrhythmic drugs, flecainide, bepridil and amiodarone, have been investigated
      in isolated papillary muscles and left atria from guinea-pigs. Hypoxia reduces
      both the threshold for ac-arrhythmia and the threshold for ac-asystole.
      Flecainide (3 and 10 mumol/l) elevates both thresholds under normoxia and has a
      protective effect against the hypoxia-induced reduction of threshold. Bepridil
      (10 mumol/l) is without effect on the threshold of ac-arrhythmia in papillary
      muscle, prevents the hypoxia-induced decline of the threshold of ac-arrhythmia in
      left atria and depresses the threshold of ac-asystole both in normoxia and
      hypoxia. amiodarone (10 mumol/l) elevates the threshold of ac-arrhythmia both
      during normoxia and hypoxia in papillary muscle but only during the second hour
      of hypoxia in left atria. The results may be interpreted with respect to the
      inhibitory action on Na+-channels (flecainide), Ca2+-channels (bepridil) or
      protective effects against hypoxia-induced changes in action potential duration
      (amiodarone, but also flecainide and bepridil) as shown by additional
      electrophysiological experiments.

PMID- 3875327
TI  - Intravenous drug abusers and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
      Demographic, drug use, and needle-sharing patterns.
AB  - We studied the demographic characteristics, drug use patterns, and sexual habits
      of intravenous (IV) drug abusers to further define this population at risk for
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Sixteen IV drug abuser patients with
      AIDS, 24 IV drug abuser patients with AIDS-related complex (ARC), and 14 IV drug
      abuser controls without evidence of AIDS or ARC were evaluated. The subjects in
      each group were similar demographically, in drug use practice, and in sexual
      orientation and experience. Of the AIDS and ARC patients, 34 (88%) of 40,
      including all seven homosexual men, shared needles, as did all drug abusers
      without AIDS or ARC. Seventy-four percent of patients, including all homosexual
      men, attended "shooting galleries," where anonymous multiple-partner needle
      sharing took place. Needle sharing supports the hypothesis of AIDS transmission
      by a blood-borne route, can explain the spread of AIDS and the high rate of
      seropositivity to the putative AIDS agent among IV drug abusers, and is a logical
      link between IV drug abusers and male homosexuals, the two largest groups with
      AIDS.

PMID- 3875328
TI  - Cardiovascular surgery in the hypothyroid patient.
AB  - The management of hypothyroid patients requiring major cardiovascular surgery is
      difficult and often controversial. We prospectively studied 500 patients
      requiring cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and found ten with
      previously undiagnosed mild to moderate hypothyroidism. All ten tolerated surgery
      well without preoperative thyroid hormone replacement. Our experience with these
      patients plus an additional five seen in our clinical practice suggests that
      major cardiovascular surgery can be performed safely in most patients with mild
      to moderate hypothyroidism. We conclude that untreated hypothyroidism in patients
      with ischemic heart disease should not be an absolute contraindication to
      coronary artery bypass surgery.

PMID- 3875329
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in an economically disadvantaged
      population.
AB  - Forty patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 70% of whom were
      intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs), were seen over a 20-month period (July 1, 1981,
      through Feb 28, 1983). Most of the patients came from two inner-city sections of
      New York City and from nearby correctional facilities. Eighty-five percent of the
      patients were black or Hispanic; only 15% were white. Unique features of AIDS in
      this mostly heterosexual population were the high incidence of opportunistic
      infections (90% of the patients), the low incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (10%),
      and the high mortality rate (34% died during initial hospitalization, 74% after
      one year of follow-up). Tuberculosis occurred in 10% of cases, preceding other
      opportunistic infections by four to 24 months. We found that AIDS was a common
      disease among inpatient IVDAs, and in one of the participating hospitals, its
      incidence was similar to that of infective endocarditis. Acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome should be considered as the underlying illness in all
      IVDAs with oral thrush, shortness of breath, pneumonia, or extra-pulmonary
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 3875330
TI  - Tonic inhibitory influences of locus coeruleus on the response gain of limb
      extensors to sinusoidal labyrinth and neck stimulations.
AB  - Previous experiments had shown that in decerebrate cats activation of limb
      extensor motoneurons during side-down roll tilt of the animal or side-up neck
      rotation depends on both an increased discharge of excitatory vestibulospinal
      (VS) neurons and a reduced discharge of inhibitory reticulospinal (RS) neurons of
      the medulla, thus leading to disinhibition of limb extensor motoneurons. The
      present experiments were performed to find out whether the locus coeruleus (LC)
      complex keeps under its tonic inhibitory control the medullary inhibitory RS
      neurons and, if so, whether this structure intervenes in the gain regulation of
      the vestibular and neck reflexes acting on the limb extensor musculature. In
      precollicular decerebrate cats with good postural rigidity of the four limbs, the
      amplitude of modulation and thus the response gain of the first harmonic
      component of multiunit EMG responses of limb extensors to sinusoidal stimulation
      of labyrinth and neck receptors (at 0.15 Hz, +/- 10 degrees) were quite small in
      forelimb muscles (triceps brachii) and almost negligible or absent in hindlimb
      muscles (triceps surae). Electrolytic lesion limited to the LC complex decreased
      the tonic contraction of limb extensors, but greatly increased in the forelimbs
      (and brought to the light in the hindlimbs) the response modulation of extensor
      muscles to the same parameters of labyrinth or neck stimulation. Correspondingly,
      the response gain increased, but no change in the phase angle of the responses
      was observed. Both changes in posture, as well as in response gain of the limb
      extensors to labyrinth and neck stimulation, fully developed some time after the
      LC lesion. This increase in response gain of the vestibular and neck reflexes
      acting on the limb extensor muscles did not depend on the decrease in postural
      activity following the LC lesion, since it was still obtained when an increased
      static stretch of the extensor muscle following passive flexion of the limb
      compensated for the reduced EMG activity. Moreover, the slope of the regression
      line relating the gain of the multiunit EMG response of the triceps brachii to
      animal tilt with the base frequency greatly increased following lesioning of the
      LC, thus indicating that for the same background discharge of the muscle the
      amplitude of modulation, and thus the response gain, increased significantly. The
      effects described above involved mainly, but not exclusively, the limbs
      ipsilateral to the side of the lesion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3875331
TI  - Electrical stimulation in treating spasticity resulting from spinal cord injury.
AB  - To study the efficacy of electrical stimulation in treating spasticity of six
      spinal cord injured patients, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
      was applied to the dermatomes belonging to the same spinal cord level as the
      selected spastic muscle group. Spasticity was assessed in knee extensors by a
      pendulum test in which the knee joint angle of a swinging lower leg was recorded
      with an electrogoniometer. TENS was found to produce a noticeable decrease of
      spasticity in three of the patients, but had little effect on the others.

PMID- 3875332
TI  - Alpha 1-antitrypsin in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurologic diseases.
AB  - Proteases and their inhibitors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of
      neuroimmunologic diseases, particularly multiple sclerosis (MS). We measured the
      immunochemical level and functional activity of alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) in
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in patients with MS and other neurologic
      diseases. Increases in the immunochemical level of AAT in CSF correlated directly
      with disturbances in the blood-brain barrier, as reflected by the ratio of
      albumin in CSF to that in serum. The AAT activity in CSF directly correlated with
      the immunochemical level when all patients were compared. However, the AAT
      activity in patients with inflammatory diseases tended to be decreased relative
      to the immunochemical level, suggesting inactivation of AAT in these disorders.
      The AAT activity was not significantly altered in patients with MS, despite
      reports of increased protease activity in active MS.

PMID- 3875333
TI  - Multiple sclerosis. Cerebrospinal fluid immune complexes that bind C1q.
AB  - We used a sensitive C1q-binding assay to measure levels of soluble immune
      complexes in 182 samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from control patients and
      patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Soluble immune complexes in CSF were
      detected in 16% of patients with progressive MS, 38% of patients with
      exacerbating-remitting MS, 55% of patients with infectious or inflammatory
      diseases, 3% of patients with noninflammatory neurologic disorders, and in 0% of
      control patients with back pain. No correlations were found between the results
      of the C1q-binding assay and abnormalities of other CSF parameters. These
      included an elevated level of myelin basic protein, pleocytosis, oligoclonal
      bands, or an increased IgG level. Because of the lack of correlation to
      laboratory indexes of disease activity and the nonspecificity of a positive test,
      the C1q-binding assay seems to have little clinical usefulness in the diagnosis
      or management of patients with MS.

PMID- 3875334
TI  - A morphometric study of normal and abnormal fetal to childhood tongue size.
AB  - The weight, length, width and thickness of 83 normal tongues from patients aged
      25 weeks of gestation to 10.5 years were compared statistically with several
      measures of body and head size and changes described by linear regression; the
      relationships between measures were examined by partial and least-squares
      correlation. Sex differences in tongue size were not evident. The tongue doubles
      in length, width and thickness between birth and adolescence and grows
      considerably beyond this period. That the major dimensions of the tongue
      correlated more with head size than body size implies that local factors affect
      lingual growth more than generalized somatic ones. The weights of 45 tongues
      thought to be abnormal in size were compared with those of controls. The volume
      of normal and abnormal tongues was identical to weight, indicating that density
      remains constant in a variety of conditions. The tongue was abnormally small in
      hypoglossia hypodactylia and in cleft lip and palate. Tongue weights were within
      1 SD of control means in DiGeorge syndrome or oligohydramnios. The tongue was
      significantly enlarged when protuberant or in anencephaly, CHARGE association and
      Crouzon syndrome. Anasarca produced a variable degree of enlargement. Concomitant
      aberrations in the size of the tongue and mandible occurred frequently, but small
      tongues were not always associated with small mandibles and large tongues were
      not always observed with large mandibles. Thus, the association of lingual and
      craniofacial anomalies seems to develop from a number of diverse factors, in
      addition to biomechanical ones.

PMID- 3875335
TI  - Age-specific angulation of unerupted human third molar teeth in a cross-sectional
      sample.
AB  - For males aged 18 to 21, the angulation of unerupted third molars was unrelated
      to age. A counterbalancing loss of data resulting from tooth eruption and
      extraction accounted for this null finding. The value of age-specific angulation
      in determining whether a tooth will eventually erupt may be limited.

PMID- 3875336
TI  - Perspectives on the pharmacotherapy of vertigo.
AB  - Recent evidence from experiments in animals suggests a rationale for more
      effective pharmacologic and physical therapy in patients with vertigo. In
      particular, one must consider the possible effects of medications on the adaptive
      processes that naturally mediate recovery from vestibular lesions. The challenge
      now is for clinicians to devise medication and exercise regimens for patients
      with vestibular disturbances and critically (and quantitatively) evaluate their
      effects.

PMID- 3875337
TI  - An experimental study on cupular function: mapping of the cupula by direct
      stimulation.
AB  - In the present study, the posterior semicircular canal of the frog was isolated
      and the entire cupula was exposed after cutting the ampullary wall. The surfaces
      of the utricle and the lateral cupula were depressed by a fine glass pipette.
      Action potentials were taken from the posterior ampullary nerve and were compared
      by using nine points of stimulation on the cupular surface of the utricular side
      and two points on the lateral surface. The maximum action potential was recorded
      at stimulus to the lowest point on the utricular side surface. This potential
      proportionally decreased as the stimulation point approached the top of the
      cupula. Depression of the lateral surface evoked only a small potential. In
      contrast to the stimulus applied to the utricular surface, a stimulus to the
      upper point of the lateral surface yielded a greater potential than did a
      stimulus to the lower point.

PMID- 3875338
TI  - An experimental study on the physical properties of the cupula. Effect of cupular
      sectioning on the ampullary nerve action potential.
AB  - The frog posterior semicircular canal (PSC) was isolated and a part of the
      ampullary wall was cut to allow removal of the cupula from the crista. The cupula
      was replaced on the crista and the PSC ampullary action potential was recorded.
      The cupula was again removed and was sectioned in half, either in the plane
      vertical to the crista (vertical sectioning), or in the plane parallel to the
      crista (horizontal sectioning). The sectioned half of the cupula was then
      replaced on the crista. The action potentials after replacement of the vertical
      or horizontal segments of the cupula were compared to those achieved when the
      entire cupula was replaced. After vertical sectioning, the action potentials were
      significantly reduced; they were 50.3% of the completely replaced cupula when a
      small stimulus was used and 79.1% when a large stimulus was used. A reduced
      attachment surface between the cupular base and the crista is possibly
      responsible for the decreased action potential in the vertically sectioned
      specimen. After horizontal sectioning, the action potentials were 64.5% for the
      small stimulus and 108.2% for the large stimulus. These results indicate that
      elicited responses are related to the height of the cupula and the deflection
      angle. This further suggests that the movement of the cupula is represented by
      that of the elastic system.

PMID- 3875339
TI  - Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in dogs.
AB  - The clinical, haematological and immunological findings in 24 dogs with Coombs'
      positive haemolytic anaemia are described; 33% were Old English Sheepdogs. Dogs
      with intravascular haemolysis had a shorter history of illnesses, more severe
      clinical signs including vomiting, jaundice and fever, and had a poor survival
      rate compared to dogs with extravascular haemolysis. The anaemia was severe and
      regenerative in 18 dogs, and was characterised by spherocytosis and microscopic
      red cell agglutination, with leukocytosis. Serum IgG levels were elevated in 20
      dogs, and changes in IgM, IgA, C3 and C4 were found. Antinuclear antibody was
      also demonstrated in 13 dogs, of which 7 were Old English Sheepdogs. It is
      suggested that a distinct multisystem autoimmune syndrome exists within the local
      Old English Sheepdog population.

PMID- 3875340
TI  - The effects of ethanol on visual-vestibular interaction during active and passive
      head movements.
AB  - The effects on visual-vestibular interaction of a moderate dose of ethyl alcohol
      (blood alcohol 80 mg X 100 ml -1) have been investigated in two experiments. In
      the first, alcohol was shown to degrade both visual pursuit and suppression of
      the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in a similar manner when the vestibular
      response was induced by passive oscillation on a turntable at frequencies of 0.11
      1.2 Hz. In the second experiment a similar degradation in VOR suppression was
      observed when subjects made volitional head movements at frequencies of 0.5-3 Hz.
      In addition, the effectiveness of vestibulo-ocular compensation was shown to be
      significantly reduced by alcohol when viewing an earth-fixed target during
      voluntary head movements. Although alcohol induced small changes in the vestibulo
      ocular response recorded in darkness, the main effect on oculomotor performance
      was a reduced effectiveness in the visual feedback of retinal error information.

PMID- 3875341
TI  - Complications of cirrhosis of liver in some hospitalised population.
AB  - A total of 323 cases of cirrhosis of liver with various complications in some
      hospitalised population were studied. Microcytic anaemia was found to be the
      commonest (46.43 percent) complication. Next common (21.05) complication was
      protosystemic encephalopathy (PSE). Gastrointestinal haemorrhage and primary
      carcinoma of liver constituted 12.37 percent and 9.28 percent respectively. In
      view of the nature of complications of liver, it was felt necessary that these
      type of patients should be exposed to facilities for the specialised management
      whenever possible. Development of primary carcinoma of liver emphasises the need
      for the prevention of hepatitis B virus infection for which preventive vaccine is
      now available.

PMID- 3875342
TI  - Characterization of variations in rabbit hepatic progesterone 21-hydroxylase
      activity by serial biopsy.
AB  - Earlier work has shown that the 21-hydroxylation of progesterone in the hepatic
      microsomal fraction of outbred New Zealand White rabbits varies over a 10-fold
      range. To determine whether the differences in 21-hydroxylase activity were due
      to a transient inductive effect, livers from a group of 28 rabbits were serially
      biopsied at least three times over a minimum period of two months. Both
      progesterone 21- and 16 alpha-hydroxylase activities were determined in the post
      8700g supernatant of homogenates prepared from these biopsy samples. A
      substantial variability in both the 21- and 16 alpha-hydroxylase activity was
      observed for serial biopsy samples from individual rabbits. Each animal was
      found, however, to maintain relatively constant ratios of 21/16 alpha-hydroxylase
      activity throughout the course of the study. Previous studies have indicated that
      the 21-hydroxylase activity does not correlate with the 16 alpha-hydroxylase
      activity and that the 21-hydroxylase phenotype could be determined from the ratio
      of these activities. On the basis of this ratio, two groups of animals could be
      distinguished in the present study. Approximately 25% of the animals exhibited an
      elevated 21/16 alpha-hydroxylase ratio (greater than 1.5), the remainder were
      below this level. Furthermore, the expression of elevated levels of the 21
      hydroxylase activity were found to be consistent within this subpopulation
      suggesting that a transient inductive effect is not responsible for the
      differences in 21-hydroxylase activity among populations of outbred New Zealand
      White rabbits. This study demonstrates the determination of the hepatic enzymatic
      phenotype while maintaining the animal for long periods of time and for
      subsequent investigations.

PMID- 3875343
TI  - A unique enzyme catalyzing the formation of 4-hydroxyaniline from 4-amino-benzoic
      acid in Agaricus bisporus.
AB  - A unique enzyme that catalyzes the formation of 4-hydroxyaniline from 4
      aminobenzoic acid was found in the homogenate of Agaricus bisporus. The enzyme
      was prepared from the homogenate by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, gel filtration and
      ion-exchange chromatography. The products formed from 4-aminobenzoic acid by the
      enzyme were shown to be 4-hydroxyaniline and CO2. The reaction required FAD,
      NAD(P)H and O2. These results indicate that the enzyme is a new FAD-dependent
      monooxygenase.

PMID- 3875344
TI  - Calcium binding to a human factor IXa derivative lacking gamma-carboxyglutamic
      acid: evidence for two high-affinity sites that do not involve beta
      hydroxyaspartic acid.
AB  - A derivative of human blood clotting factor IXa beta lacking gamma
      carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues was prepared by limited proteolysis with
      chymotrypsin, and subsequently examined for its ability to bind calcium ions. By
      amino acid analysis, Gla-domainless human factor IXa beta contained 0.3-0.4 moles
      of beta-hydroxyaspartic acid per mole of protein. Equilibrium dialysis
      experiments demonstrated that Gla-domainless human factor IXa beta retained two
      high-affinity calcium binding sites (Kd=52 microM), a finding essentially
      identical to that observed for Gla-domainless bovine factor IX that contains 0.8
      0.9 moles of beta-hydroxyaspartic acid per mole of protein. These data strongly
      suggest that the beta-hydroxyaspartic acid residue in these proteins does not
      participate in their high affinity calcium sites.

PMID- 3875345
TI  - Production of cytotoxic factor(s) in human T cell lines transformed by a human
      retrovirus.
AB  - Human T cell lines, MT-2, TCL-Ter, TCL-Haz, and TCL-Kan which were transformed by
      a human retrovirus, constitutively produced cytotoxic factor(s) (CF) in the
      culture supernatants. In these cell lines, MT-2 produced the largest amount of
      CF. The amount of CF produced by MT-2 was 9-10 or 3-4 times larger than that
      produced by a human B cell line, RPMI 1788, or normal peripheral blood leukocytes
      stimulated with mitogens and phorbol ester. The kinetics of the production by MT
      2 was similar in media with and without serum. The activity was stable at 56
      degrees C for 30 min but was lost at 80 degrees C for 30 min and at pH 2 for 20
      hr. On gel filtration, the molecular weight of the factor produced by MT-2 was
      approximately 90,000. On isoelectric focusing, the activity was recovered in the
      fraction at pH 6.5-7.0.

PMID- 3875346
TI  - Release of Ca2+ from plant hypocotyl microsomes by inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate.
AB  - The effect of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate on Ca2+ release from microsomes
      isolated from dark-grown zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) hypocotyls was studied. Up
      to 30% of the Ca2+ taken up by the microsomes in the presence of 2mM ATP, was
      released by mumolar concentrations of inositol-1,4, 5-trisphosphate. This release
      was very rapid (less than 0.5 min) and was followed by a slower re-uptake of
      Ca2+. The microsomal levels of Ca2+ previously attained were not re-established
      within 5 min. External concentration of free Ca2+ was maintained in the 10(-8)M
      region during the release. This is the first time that inositol-1,4,5
      trisphosphate has been shown to have a regulatory effect on Ca2+ in plant
      membrane fractions. Phosphoinositides may be important in signal transduction in
      plant cells, by altering the cytoplasmic Ca2+ activity, a function already known
      in animal cells.

PMID- 3875347
TI  - Pituitary regulation of sex-specific forms of cytochrome P-450 in liver
      microsomes of rats.
AB  - Effects of hypophysectomy and treatment with testosterone or estradiol on the sex
      specific forms of cytochrome P-450, P-450-male and P-450-female, were examined.
      The amounts of P-450-male as well as drug oxidation activities were decreased by
      hypophysectomy of male rats. In female rats, drug oxidation activities were
      increased by hypophysectomy, which was associated with the disappearance of P-450
      female and the appearance of P-450-male. Treatment of hypophysectomized female
      rats with testosterone or estrodiol effected minor changes in the amounts of P
      450-male.

PMID- 3875348
TI  - Mass spectral analysis of murine epidermal growth factor.
AB  - Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry has been used to characterize epidermal
      growth factor isolated from mouse submaxillary glands. The preparation is found
      to consist of two peptides, one of which has the average molecular weight
      predicted for the familiar gene product. The molecular weight of the second
      component is found to be reduced by the mass of one asparagine residue. These
      observations are discussed in light of previous reports of heterogeneity.

PMID- 3875349
TI  - T lymphocyte clones illuminate pathogenesis and affect therapy of experimental
      arthritis.

PMID- 3875350
TI  - Release of interleukin-1 from human synovial tissue in vitro.
AB  - During the enzymatic disaggregation of human synovium, used in the process of
      isolating synoviocytes, a factor was liberated into the culture medium that
      exhibited the thymocyte mitogenic properties of interleukin-1. Like interleukin
      1, this synovial-derived mitogen could be isolated using an affinity column of
      antihuman leukocytic pyrogen. By gel filtration and isoelectric focusing, the
      mitogen cofractionated with human monocyte-derived interleukin-1. Finally, the
      isolated mitogen was shown to exhibit other properties of interleukin-1:
      stimulation of the secretion of interleukin-2, enhancement of the titer of acute
      phase proteins in vivo, and stimulation of the release of prostaglandin E2 from
      human synoviocyte cultures. These observations suggest that interleukin-1 can be
      derived from the human synovium.

PMID- 3875351
TI  - Different populations of rheumatoid adherent cells mediate activation versus
      suppression of T lymphocyte proliferation.
AB  - Adherent cells from synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis patients were
      fractionated on Percoll density gradients and analyzed to determine phenotypes,
      effects on allogeneic T lymphocyte proliferation, and production of prostaglandin
      E2 (PGE2). Cells expressing HLA-DR predominated in all fractions, and esterase
      positive cells were enriched in light fractions. Heavy cells were potent
      stimulators in the mixed lymphocyte reaction and produced little PGE2, whereas
      light cells suppressed the mixed lymphocyte reaction and produced a large
      quantity of PGE2. These results suggest that macrophage-like synovial cells that
      suppress T helper lymphocyte activity are generated secondary to synovial
      lymphocyte activation in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3875352
TI  - The leukergy test in rheumatic diseases. New implications for an old test.
AB  - In order to assess the value of the leukergy test in which leukocytes aggregate
      in citrated whole blood, we examined 65 patients with various rheumatic
      conditions. In addition, plasma samples from 40 patients were examined for
      neutrophil aggregation activity in vitro. Results of the leukergy test were found
      to be in very good correlation with disease activity (P = 0.0001), whereas no
      increased neutrophil aggregation activity was found in the 40 plasma samples
      examined. The value of the leukergy test in assessing patients with rheumatic
      disease and its theoretical etiopathogenic role in these diseases are discussed.

PMID- 3875353
TI  - Association of epidemic Kawasaki syndrome with the HLA-A2, B44, Cw5 antigen
      combination.

PMID- 3875354
TI  - Differential effects of ambivalent visual-vestibular-somatosensory stimulation on
      the perception of self-motion.
AB  - The direction of perceived self-motion was determined as a function of combined
      visual-vestibular and vestibulo-somatosensory stimulations about the earth's
      vertical z-axis by means of a rotary chair and drum system. The predominant
      influence of concurrent antagonistic vestibular stimulation on circular vection
      (CV) even at small accelerations has been demonstrated by several studies in the
      past. The results of the present paper do not confirm the generally assumed
      influence of the vestibular system on exocentric motion perception, but instead
      produce evidence of the dominance of the visual channel even at high acceleration
      levels. Using a joystick to indicate perceived self-motion, we found the
      following: Constant CV (visual stimulus velocity: 40 degrees/s) could only be
      cancelled by vestibular stimulations at oppositely directed mean angular
      accelerations of 26.9 +/- 9.1 degrees/s2. Smaller accelerations led merely to an
      acceleration level-related decrease in the perceived velocity of CV. Despite a
      clear decision with respect to the direction of the perceived motion, subjects
      (Ss) reported dizziness or even strong motion sickness symptoms. Similar results
      were obtained with vestibulo-somatosensory interactions. The results are
      interpreted in terms of an intensive visual support in the processing of visual
      vestibular signals, particularly at cortical level, assuming a cortical velocity
      generator (CVG).

PMID- 3875355
TI  - Characterization of circulating T-lymphocyte subsets in alcoholic liver disease
      by monoclonal antibodies: correlation with the absolute lymphocyte count.
AB  - Peripheral blood T-lymphocytes from 27 patients with alcoholic liver disease were
      assessed on the basis of their ability to react with OKT monoclonal antibodies. A
      significant positive correlation was observed between the absolute numbers of T
      lymphocytes and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells and the absolute lymphocyte count.
      These data suggest that quantitative changes in T-lymphocyte subsets in alcoholic
      liver disease do not necessarily reflect an imbalance in T immunoregulatory
      mechanisms.

PMID- 3875356
TI  - [Effects of changes in K+ in the perilymphatic fluid on the activity of
      vestibular receptors in the frog].
AB  - The effect of rapid changes in K+ concentration (from 0 up to 5 mM) in the
      perilymphatic fluid was tested on ampullar receptor activity in isolated
      semicircular canals of the frog. The effects of the different K-concentrations
      were evaluated by recording both the transepithelium potentials (Adc) and the
      postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs and spikes discharge) led off from the ampullar
      nerve. The results have clearly demonstrated that crista ampullaris sensory cells
      are extremely sensitive to K-changes (+/- 0.25 mM). In fact both transepithelial
      potentials and discharge activity (EPSPs and propagated spikes) of first order
      vestibular neurones may be decreased or increased by decreasing or increasing the
      K-concentration in the outer fluid. The possible mechanism of action of K+ on
      ampullar receptors is discussed.

PMID- 3875357
TI  - [Influence of lysozyme on the circulating level of immune complexes in patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3875358
TI  - [Quantitative measurement of ventricular dilatation on CT scan--a proposal of new
      index and review of literature].
AB  - CT scan is able to show cerebral atrophy more safely and more easily than pneumo
      encephalography or cerebral angiography. Then, various methods have been reported
      for quantitative analysis of cerebral atrophy on CT scan. Generally, cerebral
      atrophy might be judged from the ventricular dilatation with some indices,
      calculated from various ventricular width. But, there is no general agreement on
      what index is the most reliable. In this paper, we attempted to establish the
      index, easy to measure and most reliable. Our method is as follow. Method. We
      carried out the CT scan (EMI 1010) on 89 neurologically intact patients. Scans
      were parallel to orbito-meatal line (OML), and were 10 mm in thickness. On CT
      scan films, various width, area of anterior horns and area of bodies of lateral
      ventricles were measured (Fig. 1). Measurement about the anterior horns of
      lateral ventricles were carried out on image the most clearly showed the foramen
      of Monro. And measurements about the bodies of lateral ventricles were on image,
      20 mm above the image of anterior horn. Correlations of various width and areas
      were calculated (Table 1). Then we proposed new indices with high correlations
      (over 0.9) with ventricular area; Anterior horn CVI (Cerebro-Ventricular Index)
      and Body CVI (Fig. 2, 3). Patients with myotonic dystrophy show cerebral atrophy.
      We carried out the CT scan (GE-CT/T 8800) on 17 myotonic dystrophy patients and
      30 controls. Between the two groups, age and sex were almost matched (Fig.
      4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3875360
TI  - [Diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy by positron emission tomography].
AB  - Positron emission tomography (PET) was performed in 18 temporal lobe epileptics.
      About 20 mCi of 11C-glucose was perorally administered to the patients and 30
      minutes later scanning was started when the transport of 11C-glucose from blood
      to the brain tissue reached equilibrium. At the level of 25 mm above orbitomeatal
      line, the slice image of the temporal lobe shows a relatively high metabolic oval
      ring involving the amygdala, hippocapal formation and the hippocampal gyrus
      medially and the T1, T2 and T3 neocortices laterally in normal subjects. The
      epileptic focus, when detected on PET images, was observed as a defect in this
      oval ring. In 15(83.3%) out of 18 cases, the location of epileptic focus was
      confirmed as a low metabolic defect. This diagnosis rate was higher than that of
      other focal epilepsy by PET study. The locations of foci were divided into three
      types: mesial (5 cases), lateral (4 cases) and combined (6 cases). The seizure
      symptoms of the patients were analyzed in terms of the correspondence to the
      focus types. The results showed that automatism and pseudoabsence had a close
      relation to the mesial and combined types and psychical, vertiginous or visual
      seizures correlated to the combined and lateral types. Visceral or motor seizures
      were induced equally by any focus types. These facts suggested that automatism
      and pseudoabsence were correlated with the mesial organs such as the amygdala and
      hippocampus and psychical, vertiginous or visual seizures had origin in lateral
      neocortices. Visceral or motor seizures were supposed to be the results of the
      spread from the temporal focus to the adjacent structures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3875359
TI  - [Origin of component N16 in short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP)
      to median nerve stimulation--correlation between component N16 and thalamus].
AB  - Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) to median nerve stimulation
      consists of four main subcortical components, namely P 9, P 11, P 13 and N 16
      which appears before cortial N 18. However, the origin of component N 16 is a
      subject of controversy. In an attempt to learn about the generator source(s) of
      component N 16, SSEP was recorded from 25 patients with various focal lesions of
      the brain stem and/or thalamus, and abnormalities of the each potential was
      correlated to the clinically and radiologically defined site of the lesions.
      Furthermore, the effects of the different frequency in stimulation were also
      investigated in 6 normal subjects, because latency changes of each component
      might contribute to the understanding of the generation. Recordings were obtained
      from 13 patients with brain stem lesion which included 3 cases with pontine
      hemorrhage, 3 cases with pontine tumor, 3 cases with cerebello-pontine angle
      tumor, one case of pontine angioma, one case of chordoma, one case of tentorial
      tumor and one case of MLF syndrome. SSEP changes in these cases were classified
      into four types as follows: type 1: no response over the base line was recorded,
      type 2; some responses over the base line were recorded but N 16 was uncertain,
      type 3; component N 16 was clearly identified but its latency was significantly
      prolonged, type 4; component N 16 was divided into two peaks. Bilateral
      abnormality on SSEP with splitted combination of these four types in various
      degree was observed. Furthermore, these SSEP abnormalities were seen even in the
      some cases without sensory disturbance. On the other hand, component N 16 was
      clearly identified in all 12 patients with thalamic lesion which included 11
      cases with thalamic hemorrhage and one case with thalamic tumor on the effected
      side. Comparison of latency and amplitude between normal side and affected side
      statistically showed no laterality of components P 9, P 11 and P 13, but a
      tendency of delay in latency of component N 16 on the affected side. Different
      stimulus repetition rate revealed some other characteristics of each component.
      Electrical stimuli to median nerve at the wrist were delivered at rates of 3, 6,
      9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 and 27 Hz. Latencies of components P 9, P 11, P 13, N 16 in
      Fro.-Cv 7 lead and component N 18 in Par.-Erb lead were measured and all latency
      changes were calculated relative to the 3 Hz stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3875361
TI  - Colony-stimulating activity from the new metastatic TS/A cell line and its high-
      and low-metastatic clonal derivatives.
AB  - We investigated the presence of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) in supernatants
      obtained from TS/A, a new metastatic murine cell line, and from its high-and low
      metastatic clonal derivatives (E and F clones, respectively). TS/A cells produced
      a CSF in vitro that induced proliferation and differentiation of murine monocytic
      and granulocytic progenitors in agar cultures. In TS/A-bearing mice remarkable
      splenomegaly, blood granulocytosis and thymus depletion were observed along with
      a stimulatory activity in serum and a strong proliferative activity both in
      spleen and in bone marrow populations. Conditioned media from E clones showed an
      in vitro colony-stimulating activity greater than those of F clones. Mice
      injected subcutaneously with cells of all clones studied showed granulocytosis,
      splenomegaly and thymus depletion, although to varying degrees. However, no
      direct correlation between granulocytosis-splenomegaly and the number of
      spontaneous lung metastases was observed.

PMID- 3875363
TI  - Increased anaphylatoxins (C3a and C4a) in psoriatic sera.
AB  - We measured C3a and C4a anaphylatoxins in the serum of 56 psoriatic patients and
      36 healthy control subjects by radioimmunoassay in order to clarify the mechanism
      of complement activation occurring in psoriatic lesions. Whereas a small amount
      of anaphylatoxins were demonstrable even in the sera of healthy adults, the serum
      concentrations of C3a and C4a anaphylatoxins were significantly higher in
      psoriatic patients than those in non-psoriatic controls. The increased serum
      anaphylatoxin levels did not correlate well with either the extent or the
      activity of the skin lesions, but a comparison of anaphylatoxin levels in 10
      patients before and after successful treatment of skin lesions showed that the
      serum anaphylatoxin levels decreased with improvement of the skin lesions. Our
      results suggest that complement activation takes place in psoriatic patients
      chiefly via the classical pathway.

PMID- 3875362
TI  - Blood leucocyte infiltration after intravenous injection of ferritin in the rat.
AB  - Monocytes infiltrate glomeruli during mesangial deposition of ferritin, and
      during experimental glomerulonephritis. To determine whether this is solely a
      local phenomenon, leucocyte infiltration in other organs has been studied
      following intravenous ferritin injection. Lewis rats received an i.v. injection
      of 150 mg ferritin/100 g body weight. At 24 h there was a peripheral blood
      leucocytosis (ferritin-treated rats 26.32 +/- 13.7, control rats 8.54 +/- 2.41 X
      10(6) cells/ml) due to increase in polymorphs and monocytes. Bone marrow cell
      counts fell (ferritin-treated rats 49 +/- 7, control 80 +/- 11 X 10(6)/100 g body
      weight). Cell counts on cell suspensions of perfused, enzyme-digested lung, liver
      and spleen, and lung lavage showed major significant increases in total cell
      counts: lung 250 +/- 36 (89 +/- 16), lung lavage 2.6 +/- 0.8 (1.4 +/- 0.5), liver
      140 +/- 37 (60 +/- 11), spleen 306 +/- 38 (200 +/- 27) X 10(6)/100 g body weight
      (control values in parentheses). Cytospin preparations of these suspensions,
      stained for non-specific esterase showed that the increase in cell numbers was
      due to increases in non-specific esterase-positive cells (monocytes) and
      polymorphs. These results demonstrate a generalized leucocyte mobilization,
      sequestration, and tissue infiltration after i.v. ferritin. The renal glomerulus
      therefore is not the only site of leucocyte accumulation. These findings may have
      relevance for studies on inflammation mediated by leucocytes in models of
      experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3875364
TI  - Changes in platelet immunoprotein levels during therapy in adult immune
      thrombocytopenia.
AB  - Very early falls in platelet associated IgG, IgM and C3d were demonstrated
      following therapy with high dose i.v. immunoglobulin and with fresh frozen
      plasma. This suggests that the changes in platelet immunoproteins may be a
      primary event and that interference with antibody binding is a possible early
      mode of action of i.v. IgG.

PMID- 3875365
TI  - Regulation of human peripheral blood BFU-E growth in vitro by leukaemic B
      lymphocytes.
AB  - We report a stimulating effect of leukaemic B-lymphocytes from anaemic and non
      anaemic patients with CLL on the proliferation of normal peripheral blood BFU-E.
      Coculture of leukaemic B-cells at various concentrations (2.5 X 10(3)-10(6)) with
      2.5 X 10(5) mononuclear cells from normal peripheral blood increased the number
      of BFU-E derived erythroid colonies. The same effect was observed when the number
      of target cells was varied in the presence of a fixed number of B-lymphocytes,
      with a clear linear relationship. B-cell conditioned medium gave a similar
      increase when added to the culture instead of B-cells. At high concentration of B
      cells from anaemic patients, the size of the colonies was increased and a large
      number of macroscopic colonies was seen. The place of the B-cells in the
      regulation of erythroid progenitors in relation to monocytes and T-lymphocytes
      has still to be established.

PMID- 3875366
TI  - Interferon is effective in hairy-cell leukaemia.
AB  - Seventeen patients with hairy-cell leukaemia (HCL) and peripheral cytopenias were
      given human lymphoblastoid interferon (Wellferon), 3 megaunits daily or 6
      megaunits on alternate days intramuscularly, for 4-24 weeks. Twelve of the
      patients had undergone splenectomy, three had no palpable spleen and had
      therefore not been offered surgery, and two patients with substantial
      splenomegaly were given interferon (IFN) as treatment of first choice. Toxic
      effects were minor except in one patient who experienced a severe form of
      somnolence syndrome. In all patients hairy cells (HCs) were cleared from the
      blood and platelet and Hb levels improved in 2-14 weeks. Neutrophils were
      improved in 14/17 of the patients. In the two patients with splenomegaly, the
      spleen became impalpable after 5-8 weeks therapy, and haematological improvement
      occurred at 12-14 weeks. HC infiltration of the marrow was reduced in all
      patients, but was complete (less than 5%) in only two, both of whom had
      impalpable spleens. Immunological surface-marker studies confirmed that light
      chain-restricted B cells disappeared from the blood in parallel with the
      clearance of morphological HCs. There was no evidence of HC maturation and no
      increase in phenotypic NK cells. T cells were moderately reduced and the
      relatively greater reduction of Leu 2a+ suppressor cells resulted in increased
      Leu 3a+/2a+ helper/suppressor ratios in 11/17 of the patients. Early experience
      in the six patients who have stopped IFN suggests that, after an initial further
      increase in Hb and neutrophil levels, HCs gradually return with slow
      deterioration of haematological parameters. Interferon is now the treatment of
      choice for patients becoming cytopenic post-splenectomy or for patients without
      splenomegaly. IFN is effective first-line therapy in patients with splenomegaly,
      but further work is needed to establish whether the agent should replace
      splenectomy in such patients. Some form of maintenance or re-treatment therapy
      will probably be necessary.

PMID- 3875367
TI  - Chemical synthesis and immunological activities of glycolipids structurally
      related to lipid A.
AB  - Complete chemical syntheses of a number of monosaccharides derived from 2-deoxy-2
      [(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-D-glucopyranose and structurally related to the
      hydrophobic moiety (lipid A) of several bacterial endotoxins are described.
      Selected humoral (complement activation) and cellular (mitogenicity and induction
      of interleukin 1 production) in vitro activities of a lipid A preparation
      obtained from the Bordetella pertussis endotoxin were compared with those of ten
      of these monosaccharides and with those of previously synthesized, analogous
      disaccharides. Results show that each of these in vitro activities of the lipid A
      preparation can be efficiently induced by at least one of the monosaccharide
      derivatives.

PMID- 3875368
TI  - Macrophages, NK-cells, NK-like cells, and tumor surveillance in man.
AB  - Although every second patient with leukemia or a solid tumor has lymphocytes
      which can recognize or can be induced to recognize autologous tumor cells, it has
      been difficult to demonstrate that this recognition is, in man, due to tumor
      specific antigens. Other immunological abnormalities, such as lineage infidelity
      or maturation asynchrony, are more likely explanations. Moreover, immunological
      heterogeneity is pronounced among human tumor cells. For these reasons, antibody
      independent tumor surveillance is receiving increased attention. It is mediated
      by cytotoxic macrophages, NK-cells and the so called NK-like, pre-induced
      cytotoxic T-cells. NK-cells, probably a T-cell subpopulation sharing a marker
      with macrophages, have a cytotoxic effect mainly on certain cell-lines, but
      hardly on viable human tumor cells. In contrast, different degrees of pre
      stimulation with allogeneic lymphocytes, lectins or interleukin 2 can induce, in
      human T-cells, both HLA-restricted and non-restricted cytotoxicity against viable
      human tumor cells. This indication is active even in T-cell populations that are
      either monoclonal or pre-depleted of NK cells.

PMID- 3875369
TI  - Phenotypic characteristics of human natural killer cells.
AB  - Surface antigen analysis of human natural killer (NK) cells using anti-lymphocyte
      monoclonal antibodies identifies NK cells as a discrete cell type (average 15% of
      peripheral blood lymphocytes) distinct from T, B, and myelomonocytic cells.
      Virtually all NK cells bear low-affinity Fc receptors for IgG, as detected by
      antibody B73.1 and N901 antigen; 80-90% of NK cells express the E receptor
      (OKT11), the C3bi receptor (OKM1), and the T10 antigen; 30-50% are T8 (+), and 30
      70% are Leu7 (+). This phenotype is maintained on NK cell-derived clones and on
      activated NK cells, which are induced to express interleukin 2 receptor (Tac
      antigen), transferrin receptor, HLA-DR, and several T cell activation antigens
      but not, like resting NK cells, antigens (T1, T3, T4) characteristic of T cells.
      On the contrary, NK cell-derived leukemias may express T1 or, more frequently, T3
      antigens.

PMID- 3875370
TI  - Macrophages in primary and secondary tumor growth: some implications for cancer
      therapy.
AB  - Although it has been convincingly demonstrated that, under in vitro conditions,
      macrophages manifest an impressive cytolytic potential against a wide array of
      tumor cells, their role in the control of primary and secondary tumor growth in
      vivo has proved much more difficult to assess. In the present work, the evidence
      for the presence, efficient operation and modulation of host antitumor resistance
      and for a role for mononuclear phagocytes is briefly discussed and exemplified
      utilizing data derived from an experimental tumor model, the D-12 rat
      fibrosarcoma, in which macrophages appear to constitute a critical factor.

PMID- 3875371
TI  - [Sensitivity of the splenic immunocompetent cells of mice with different
      genotypes to the action of alkylating agents].
AB  - It has been established in experiments in vitro that splenocytes of DBA/2GSto
      mice are more sensitive to the immunosuppressant action of the alkylating agents
      (cyclophosphamide, sarcolysine and thiophosphamide) than splenocytes of
      BALB/cGLacSto mice. Splenocytes of C3H/SnRap mice exhibit and intermediate type
      of sensitivity. T-lymphocytes of the spleen of BALB/cGLacSto and DBA/2GSto mice
      are more sensitive in vitro to the action of active metabolites of
      cyclophosphamide as compared to B-lymphocytes, with both types of the cells of
      DBA/2GSto mice being affected to a greater extent than the cells of BALB/cGLacSto
      mice.

PMID- 3875372
TI  - [Muramyl dipeptide and its synthetic analog as possible inducers of interleukin-2
      production].
AB  - Muramyl dipeptide and its synthetic derivative N-acetyl-glucosaminyl-N-acetyl
      muramyl-alanyl - D-isoglutamine induce mitogenic factor production for Con A
      activated blasts (Con A-blasts) in splenocytes. The maximal factor production was
      revealed 24 h after stimulation with muramyl dipeptide or its derivative.
      Addition of the inducers to the culture of Con A-blasts led but to the negligible
      proliferative response. Therefore, the mitogenic action of muramyl dipeptide on
      target cells is mediated by the growth factor, evidently by interleukin-2. It has
      been also shown that muramyl dipeptide and its derivative with Con A exerted a
      synergic action in interleukin-2 induction.

PMID- 3875373
TI  - [Action of phospholipids and gangliosides on tumor cell sensitivity to the
      cytostatic and membrane-toxic action of splenic effectors].
AB  - The authors attempted to study which parts of the lipid molecules are most
      responsible for an increase in the sensitivity of the tumor cell to the
      cytostatic and membrano-toxic action of natural spleen effectors. Use was made of
      different combinations of egg phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine,
      cardiolipin, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and a mixture of bovine brain
      gangliosides. Introduction of phosphatidylethanolamine into the membrane of tumor
      cells increased, that of phosphatidylcholine and cardiolipin did not change
      whereas introduction of a mixture of brain gangliosides reduced their sensitivity
      to spleen effectors. Introduction of brain gangliosides together with egg
      phosphatidylcholine into the membrane of the target cell increased whereas that
      together with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine reduced its sensitivity to spleen
      effectors. It is concluded that the increase in the sensitivity of the tumor cell
      primarily depends on changes in the lipid template of its membrane, induced by
      unsaturated fatty acids of egg phosphatidylcholine, and to a less degree on the
      properties of carbohydrate heads of gangliosides.

PMID- 3875374
TI  - Assessment of Hageman factor activation in human plasma: quantification of
      activated Hageman factor-C1 inactivator complexes by an enzyme-linked
      differential antibody immunosorbent assay.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed for the quantitation of
      activated Hageman factor-C1 inactivator (HF-C1 INH) complexes. Addition of
      increasing quantities of either of the major forms of activated Hageman factor
      (HFa or HFf) to normal plasma or to Hageman factor-deficient plasma leads to a
      dose-dependent increase in activated HF-C1 INH complexes. As little as 0.5
      micrograms/mL of activated HF added to plasma can be detected, corresponding to
      activation of approximately 2% of plasma HF. The sensitivity of the assay is
      increased at least tenfold when complexes are formed in HF-deficient plasma,
      indicating competition between unactivated HF and activated HF-C1 INH complexes
      for binding to the antibody. Specificity is demonstrated in that addition of
      activated HF to hereditary angioedema plasma yields less than 1% of the activated
      HF-C1 INH complex formation obtained with normal plasma. Kaolin activation of HF
      deficient plasma yields no detectable complex formation. Kaolin activation of
      prekallikrein-deficient plasma demonstrates a time-dependent increase in
      formation of activated HF-C1 INH complex consistent with the ability of HF in
      this plasma to autoactivate as the time of incubation with the surface is
      increased. Kaolin treatment of high-molecular weight (HMW) kininogen-deficient
      plasma yields an even more profound abnormality in the rate of formation of
      activated HF-C1 INH complexes reflecting the complex role of HMW kininogen in the
      initiation of contact activation. Although addition of corn inhibitor to plasma
      prevents activated HF-C1 INH complex formation, it does not inhibit activated HF
      sufficiently fast to prevent prekallikrein activation.

PMID- 3875375
TI  - Eccentric localization of von Willebrand factor in an internal structure of
      platelet alpha-granule resembling that of Weibel-Palade bodies.
AB  - Immunogold staining was used to study the ultrastructural distribution of von
      Willebrand factor (vWF) in unstimulated platelets. vWF was detected in the alpha
      granules with a specific eccentric distribution pattern opposite the nucleoids.
      Similar findings were obtained with a polyclonal antibody or a pool of monoclonal
      antibodies to human vWF. This labeling coincided with the presence of tubular
      structures located at the periphery of the alpha-granules. These structures were
      better visualized on platelets treated for standard electron microscopy: they
      formed a group of one to four tubules ranging from 200 A to 250 A in diameter.
      They closely resembled the internal tubular structures found in Weibel-Palade
      bodies, which are the storage organelles of vWF in endothelial cells.

PMID- 3875376
TI  - Related binding mechanisms for fibrinogen, fibronectin, von Willebrand factor,
      and thrombospondin on thrombin-stimulated human platelets.
AB  - Fibrinogen, fibronectin, von Willebrand factor, and thrombospondin are four large
      glycoproteins that bind to thrombin-stimulated platelets and influence cellular
      adhesive functions. The effects of five monoclonal antibodies that react with
      platelet membrane glycoproteins (GP) IIb and/or IIIa on the binding of these four
      molecules to stimulated platelets were assessed. Tab and PMI-1, antibodies
      recognizing GPIIb, had no effect, whereas 10E5 and 2G12, antibodies that
      immunoprecipitate both GPIIb and IIIa in the presence of calcium, inhibited
      binding of all four ligands by greater than 85%. T10, an antibody specific for
      the GPIIb-IIIa complex, produced partial inhibition (60% to 80%) of the binding
      of each ligand. Inhibitory antibodies were effective in the same dose range for
      all four proteins and also inhibited binding of fibrinogen, fibronectin, and von
      Willebrand factor to receptors fixed in an induced state (thrombin-stimulated
      platelets fixed with paraformaldehyde). Thrombospondin did not bind to these
      fixed cell preparations. The results suggest that these four adhesive proteins
      have a related mechanism of binding to thrombin-stimulated platelets. This
      related mechanism may entail the sharing of some, but not necessarily all,
      binding sites for the four ligands or a proximal relationship between these
      binding sites.

PMID- 3875377
TI  - The release of endothelium-derived relaxant factor is calcium dependent.

PMID- 3875378
TI  - B-cell function in AIDS.

PMID- 3875379
TI  - Immunization coverage increased in Suriname.

PMID- 3875380
TI  - Evidence that the accumulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the liver but not in the
      brain may cause the hypoglycaemia induced by 5-hydroxytryptophan.
AB  - Experiments were undertaken to determine whether the site of the hypoglycaemic
      action of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), a direct precursor of 5-hydroxytryptamine
      (5-HT), was in the central nervous system or in the liver. The fall in blood
      glucose followed the rapid increase in the amount of 5-HT both in the brain and
      liver after 5-HTP injection into pargyline-treated and non-treated mice.
      Carbidopa, an inhibitor of peripheral aromatic amino acid decarboxylase,
      prevented the elevation of 5-HT levels in the liver of both pargyline-treated and
      non-treated mice. In contrast, carbidopa did not prevent but rather enhanced the
      elevation of 5-HT levels in the brain of both groups of mice. Corresponding to
      the prevention of 5-HT elevation in the liver, the fall in blood glucose was
      prevented by carbidopa. These results support the idea that the accumulation of 5
      HT in the liver but not in the brain causes the hypoglycaemia induced by 5-HTP.

PMID- 3875382
TI  - Spinal cord metabolism of the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine
      treated monkey.
AB  - Nine monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were used in this study. Four monkeys were
      rendered parkinsonian by administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) 0.5 mg/kg intravenously. Three animals were injected
      once daily for 4 days, and one animal once weekly for 4 weeks. Five animals were
      used as controls. All MPTP-treated animals demonstrated the same clinical
      features which included akinesia, bradykinesia, a flexed posture of the trunk and
      all extremities, decreased initiation of the threat response, decreased
      vocalization and difficulty in swallowing. An increase in rigidity and reflexes
      was noted in all extremities. Tremor was present in all animals. Determination of
      the local spinal metabolic rate of glucose (LSMRg) utilization revealed an
      increase (P less than 0.05) in LSMRg in Rexed layer I in all cord segments and in
      Rexed layer II in both cervical and lumbar segments. Rexed layer X demonstrated a
      significant (P less than 0.05) increase in LSMRg at the cervical cord. The LSMRg
      in the animal that received weekly injections was similar to the daily injected
      animals.

PMID- 3875381
TI  - Comparative effects of cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole) and
      spiramycin in pregnant mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii (Beverley strain).
AB  - The effects of cotrimoxazole (CTX) and spiramycin (Spir) in mice infected in
      midpregnancy with the Beverley (Bev) strain of Toxoplasma gondii were compared.
      Therapeutic effectiveness was determined according to the following parameters:
      rate of successful delivery, litter size, offspring weight and survival. When
      compared with the uninfected untreated control group, CTX showed a more
      beneficial therapeutic effect than Spir, with a statistically significant
      increase in the rate of both successful delivery and offspring survival. Results
      based on antitoxoplasma antibody determinations in the offspring indicated a
      better in utero control of congenital infection by CTX than by Spir.

PMID- 3875383
TI  - Internal signals cause large changes in food intake in one-way crossed intestines
      rats.
AB  - Fifteen pairs of parabiotic rats had either a surgical operation in which a 15 or
      30 cm segment of upper small intestine was disconnected from the digestive tract
      of one rat in the pair and reconnected to the transected duodenum of its partner
      or had control surgery. Food eaten by one rat in the pair went to the rat's own
      stomach, traveled through 5 cm of its upper duodenum and then crossed into the
      isolated segment of the partner's small intestine. After traversing the 15 or 30
      cm isolated segment, the remaining unabsorbed food crossed back into the lower
      duodenum of the rat that fed. Food eaten by the partner went through its own
      digestive tract, but bypassed the isolated segment of its own upper small
      intestine. The operation produced a large and sustained change in food intake of
      both rats in a pair. For the rats with 30 cm crossed segments, the rat that lost
      intestinal chyme into its partner ate 3.6 times as much food as did its partner
      for a period of many months. At sacrifice, the rats that ate more, weighed less
      and had less body fat. These large changes in food intake may be caused by
      internal changes associated with changes in the amount of food absorbed into each
      rat or by differential stimulation of the lower digestive tracts. The results
      clearly show that there is a major internal control mechanism for the amount of
      food eaten.

PMID- 3875384
TI  - [Two components of the fluorescence signal of Nile blue A from membrane systems
      of isolated muscle fibers].

PMID- 3875385
TI  - [Immunologic properties of the growth hormone in 2 model situations].

PMID- 3875386
TI  - Delayed intestinal perforation after nonpenetrating abdominal trauma.
AB  - The incidence of hollow-organ injury has increased steadily since the use of seat
      belts was introduced. It has become apparent that the clinical manifestations of
      intestinal injury may be delayed considerably. Delayed perforations can pose a
      diagnostic challenge to the attending surgeon. The authors report four patients
      who suffered delayed intestinal perforation 6 or more days after sustaining
      nonpenetrating abdominal trauma in motor vehicle accidents while wearing passive
      seat-belt restraints. All patients had low severity of injury (scores ranging
      from 4 to 13) but had persistent vague abdominal pain before perforation
      occurred. Three of the four patients suffered spinal trauma as their major
      initial injury. Such patients appear to be at higher risk for delayed perforation
      and should be monitored carefully.

PMID- 3875387
TI  - Treatment of the chronically infected median sternotomy wound with muscle flaps.
AB  - While infection and dehiscence of the median sternotomy wound is a serious
      complication, debridement, sternal rewiring and wound irrigation will often
      result in wound healing. However, if these measures fail, radical debridement of
      all infected tissue and immediate reconstruction with muscle flaps is required
      and will give excellent results. The pectoralis major muscle based on the
      thoracoacromial artery is most satisfactory for this reconstruction. The rectus
      abdominis muscle, while also used, is not as effective because of variations in
      its proximal blood supply. The author describes 10 patients with chronically
      infected median sternotomy wounds, seen at St. Michael's Hospital in Toronto, in
      whom use of these techniques led to a rapid recovery with few complications.

PMID- 3875388
TI  - Immunologic findings in healthy Haitians in Montreal.
AB  - To investigate the occurrence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Haitians,
      a health status questionnaire was administered and selected studies of immune
      status done in a randomly chosen sample of 189 healthy adult Haitians living in
      Montreal. The study group was comparable to a large sample of Haitians in
      Montreal interviewed in the 1981 census with respect to age, sex, number of
      persons per household and year of immigration, but the proportion of currently
      married people in the study was larger (60.8% v. 42.6%). The results in the study
      group were compared with those in a sample of 189 non-Haitians matched for age,
      sex and neighbourhood of residence. Persons with known causes of impaired immune
      function were excluded. The participation rate was 87.5%. The study and control
      groups both reported few symptoms and chronic health problems and had comparable
      demographic data, including rate of employment and income. The mean total numbers
      of lymphocytes, OKT3 and OKT4 (helper) and OKT8 (suppressor) cells were
      significantly higher in the Haitians than in the controls, though still within
      normal limits. There was a borderline elevation of the lymphocyte response to
      phytohemagglutinin in the Haitians. The ratios of helper to suppressor T cells in
      the two groups were, however, not significantly different. The Haitians, in
      comparison with non-Haitians living in the same community, had no demonstrable
      abnormalities of cellular immune function.

PMID- 3875389
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Treatment by combined vincristine
      methotrexate plus folinic acid rescue and cisplatin before radiotherapy.
AB  - From January to November, 1981, 28 patients with unresectable squamous cell
      carcinoma of the esophagus were treated with two cycles of chemotherapy combining
      vincristine (V), methotrexate (M), folinic acid rescue, and cisplatin (P) on days
      1 and 21. Split-course radiation therapy was delivered thereafter from day 42 on.
      Hematologic, renal, and neurologic tolerance was acceptable, but most of the
      patients experienced nausea and vomiting. Results evolution at day 40 showed a
      61% partial response (PR) rate and a 7% complete response (CR) rate. One month
      after the end of radiation therapy, 43% PR and 32% CR were obtained. Median
      response duration was 8 months. Median survival was 11.6 months for patients
      overall, yielding 12.9 months for responders and 5.9 months for nonresponders.
      Based on the response rate obtained with combined chemotherapy, a randomized
      trial of VMP initial chemotherapy is currently being undertaken by our
      cooperative group to study whether such an initial treatment could improve
      resectability and radiation-mediated local control along with survival rate.

PMID- 3875390
TI  - Transient neurologic disturbances induced by high-dose methotrexate treatment.
AB  - Temporary neurologic abnormalities were detected in 9 of 60 patients undergoing
      treatment with high-dose methotrexate and citrovorum factor rescue (MTX-CF) for
      osteosarcoma. The incidence of abnormalities and abnormalities themselves were
      more severe than previously reported. This was attributed to an increased dose
      and more frequent administration of MTX-CF. In view of the transient nature of
      the abnormalities, a biochemical cause is implicated, and the mechanisms by which
      it may occur are discussed.

PMID- 3875391
TI  - Monoclonal gammopathies in adult T-cell leukemia.
AB  - Age and sex distributions of monoclonal gammopathy were studied for 12,196
      healthy controls and 2056 patients with various malignancies. The frequency of
      monoclonal component in adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) patients was found to be much
      higher than that in patients with other malignancies and in healthy controls.
      This suggested that the occurrence of ATL and monoclonal gammopathy is not
      coincidental. Three cases of ATL with monoclonal gammopathy are also reported.

PMID- 3875392
TI  - Monocyte and lymphocyte interaction in patients with advanced cancer. Evidence
      for deficient IL-1 production.
AB  - Patients with advanced neoplasms have a variety of immunologic abnormalities,
      including the impaired responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes to mitogen
      and alloantigen. In the current study it was observed that cancer patients have
      increased monocyte suppressor cell activity that is mediated by prostaglandins
      and contributes to the depressed proliferative response of the patients' T-cells.
      This monocyte suppression, however, is not the major cause of the depressed
      proliferative response. The study also demonstrated that levels of interleukin 1
      (IL-1) produced by lypopolysacharide-activated monocytes from cancer patients are
      significantly lower than they are in normal subjects.

PMID- 3875393
TI  - B-cell lymphomas morphologically resembling T-cell lymphomas.
AB  - Seven cases of B-cell lymphoma that morphologically resembled T-cell lymphoma are
      described. These cases are of four morphologic types: atypical poorly
      differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (PDLL) with convoluted nuclei, "Lennert's"
      lymphoma, mixed lymphocytic-"histiocytic" lymphoma with large variation in size
      of abnormal cells, and "histiocytic" lymphoma with large multilobed nuclei. These
      cases add further support to the belief that morphologic criteria alone are not
      sufficient for accurate immunologic classification of the malignant lymphomas
      since they may represent a distinct clinicopathologic entity.

PMID- 3875394
TI  - Retroperitoneal mass presentations of B-immunoblastic sarcoma.
AB  - A clinicopathologic analysis of nine patients with B-immunoblastic sarcoma (B
      IBS) presenting as a bulky lymph node-based retroperitoneal mass is reported. The
      histologic and immunologic findings, similar to those reported in B-IBS
      presenting in various other nodal and extranodal sites, support the recognition
      of this aggressive large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) as a distinct
      pathologic entity. The patients, with a mean age of 60.5 years, presented for
      evaluation of abdominal pain and a palpable abdominal mass. Four patients were
      Stage II or IIE, one Stage III, and four Stage IV; eight of nine had B symptoms.
      Chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, bleomycin
      [CHOP-B] or cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, methotrexate with
      leucovorin rescue, cytarabine [ACOMLA]) yielded significant palliation in five
      patients (mean survival, 12.3 months); three untreated patients and one receiving
      radiation treatment (XRT) died within 1 month from diagnosis. There was a
      striking predilection for pleuropulmonary involvement in disseminating disease.
      The initial blood lymphocyte count correlated significantly with survival
      (correlation coefficient, 0.84). The one durable complete remission (CR) was
      obtained in a patient who received substantial surgical debulking before
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3875395
TI  - Immunosuppressive factor from the spleen in gastric cancer patients.
AB  - The spleens of gastric cancer patients were examined to determine whether this
      organ releases an immunosuppressive factor. Compared to serum from peripheral
      blood, serum from splenic venous blood of advanced gastric cancer patients had
      greater suppressive activity to normal lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin
      (PHA); it also contained significantly more immune complexes. Furthermore, the
      supernatant from spleen cell cultures from advanced gastric cancer patients
      significantly suppressed normal lymphocyte responses to PHA. This
      immunosuppressive activity was enhanced when the supernatant was from cultures of
      separated nonadherent subpopulations. These observations were not detected in
      patients with early gastric cancer. The blastogenic response to PHA and the
      percentage of T-cells among spleen cells was not affected by the cancer stage.
      These results suggest that the spleen of patients with advanced gastric cancer
      participates in the induction of serum immunosuppressive factors, possibly due to
      a change in splenic lymphocyte subsets.

PMID- 3875396
TI  - An analysis of the presence of Fc receptors on bone marrow lymphoblasts in acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia. A Pediatric Oncology Group study.
AB  - The presence or absence of the Fc receptor (FcR) on bone marrow lymphoblasts was
      evaluated in 279 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by member
      institutions of the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG). The case material was
      classified as follows: 19 cases of positive (greater than or equal to 20% +), 24
      additional cases as intermediate (greater than or equal to 10% but less than
      20%), and the remaining 236 cases as negative (less than 10%). Intermediate and
      positive cases were relatively equally distributed between null cell leukemia and
      pre-B-cell leukemia, and there were one intermediate and two positive T-cell
      cases. One of two cases of B-cell leukemia was also positive. There were no
      distinguishing clinical or laboratory characteristics which distinguished the
      FcR+ cases, nor was the FcR of prognostic significance within ALL as a group or
      within immunologically defined phenotypes.

PMID- 3875397
TI  - Peripheral T-cell lymphoma. A clinicopathologic study of a morphologically
      diverse entity.
AB  - We analyzed the clinicopathologic features of 13 patients with immunologically
      confirmed peripheral T-cell lymphoma. The lymphomas were classified into poorly
      differentiated lymphocytic, mixed cell, and large cell types. Marked morphologic
      heterogeneity was noted within the mixed cell and large cell categories, and the
      various subtypes are described. Twelve of the 13 patients received multiagent
      chemotherapy. Only three of the nine patients with poorly differentiated or mixed
      cell lymphomas achieved a complete remission, and the median survival for this
      group was 11 months. In contrast, all three of the treated patients with large
      cell lymphomas achieved a complete remission, two of whom are alive without
      disease (14 and 29 months, respectively). Classification of peripheral T-cell
      lymphomas into lymphocytic, mixed cell, and large cell types, as well as further
      subclassification within the heterogeneous groups, is suggested so that
      pathologic features of prognostic significance can be identified.

PMID- 3875398
TI  - Immunoblastic lymphoma following Hodgkin's disease: a case report with
      translocation t(8;14) in tumoral cells and sporadic t(7;14) in peripheral
      lymphocytes.
AB  - A non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was observed in a patient who had been treated for
      Hodgkin's disease (HD). The initial treatment consisted of radiotherapy alone,
      but following three subsequent relapses, both chemotherapy and radiotherapy were
      administered several times. Twenty years later, the biopsy of an isolated
      cervical lymph node revealed a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The histologic subtype was
      immunoblastic. Cytogenetic studies of the tumoral cells revealed a
      t(8;14)(q24;q32) translocation. At the same time, multiple chromosomal
      rearrangements were observed in peripheral blood lymphocytes, especially
      t(7;14)(q35;q12), which was noted in 6 of 53 mitoses. This anomaly, frequently
      observed in patients with ataxia telangiectasia or severe immunodeficiency, has
      not previously been described in such circumstances.

PMID- 3875399
TI  - Extent of the requirement for folate transport by L1210 cells for growth and
      leukemogenesis in vivo.
AB  - In these studies the extent of the requirement for 5-methyltetrahydrofolate by
      L1210 cells for growth and leukemogenesis in vivo was addressed from the aspect
      of its cellular membrane transport. Growth characteristics and leukemogenesis in
      vivo were determined for parental and methotrexate-resistant L1210 cell variants
      with reduced capacity for folate coenzyme transport inward. These variants
      exhibited 6-, 16-, and 100-fold reductions compared to parental cells in influx
      Vmax for the high-affinity system transporting 5-substituted reduced folates and
      methotrexate. They also exhibited reduced saturability for methotrexate influx (3
      fold higher Km), but not for influx of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate or 5
      methyltetrahydrofolate. The reduced influx capacity in these variants correlated
      with their increased requirement for reduced folates during growth in vitro and
      with the ability of the variants to proliferate and develop leukemia in vivo.
      Lack of growth potential in vivo for one variant appears to reflect the inability
      for net intracellular accumulation of reduced folate per se, since growth of this
      variant could be restored by treatment of mice with folic acid, but not with 5
      methyltetrahydrofolate or 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, and following reversion to a
      more transport-proficient phenotype.

PMID- 3875400
TI  - Genetic complexity of glucocorticoid-induced lysis of murine T-lymphoma cells.
AB  - Several well characterized murine T-lymphoma cell lines were used in somatic cell
      hybridization experiments to study the genetic regulation of glucocorticoid
      induced lysis. Cell fusions were carried out among the SL12-derived cloned lines
      and between the W7 and SAK8 lines all of which have functional hormone receptors.
      These cell lines differ in their sensitivity to glucocorticoid-induced lysis. The
      resultant hybrids were characterized by their growth response to 1 microM
      dexamethasone, their hormone receptor content, their chromosome number, and the
      expression of surface antigens. Fusion of the hormone-sensitive W7 parent to a
      number of glucocorticoid-resistant cell lines resulted in hybrids which were of
      the sensitive phenotype. In contrast the fusion of another hormone-sensitive
      clone, SL12.4, with glucocorticoid-resistant SL12 clones or with SAK8 always
      resulted in hybrids resistant to glucocorticoid lysis. These results reveal a
      complex genetic regulation of the hormone response or the requirement for
      multiple gene activity in the mechanism for glucocorticoid-induced cell lysis.

PMID- 3875401
TI  - Metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by subcellular fractions of rat liver: evidence for
      similar patterns of cytochrome P-450 in rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
      but not in nuclei and plasma membrane.
AB  - Since our earlier work (P. Stasiecki, F. Oesch, G. Bruder, E.D. Jarasch, and W.W.
      Franke, Eur. J. Cell Biol., 21: 79-92, 1980) had shown that carcinogen
      metabolizing monooxygenase activity was present in almost all investigated
      cellular membranes, the possibility of differential control of the various
      metabolic pathways in the individual cellular membranes arose. Using high
      pressure liquid chromatography we have now studied the benzo(a)pyrene metabolites
      formed by rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, nuclei, and plasma membrane as
      well as mitochondrial fractions and investigated the metabolic cooperation
      between the monooxygenases and epoxide hydrolase in these fractions. Since
      various cytochrome P-450 isozymes catalyze the oxidative attack on the
      benzo(a)pyrene molecule at defined preferential sites, this analysis also
      provides an indirect trace of potential differences in the pattern of cytochrome
      P-450 isozymes present in the individual membranes. The metabolic profiles
      produced by the two most active fractions, smooth and rough endoplasmic
      reticulum, were very similar to each other but different from those produced by
      the other three preparations. The metabolite pattern produced by incubations
      containing nuclear fractions differed slightly from that produced by the
      fractions of endoplasmic reticulum, but plasma membrane and mitochondria produced
      markedly different patterns. Since the similarity of the benzo(a)pyrene
      metabolite pattern produced by the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum
      suggested similar cytochrome P-450 isozyme patterns in these two subfractions,
      they were further investigated by the use of selective inducers as well as a
      broad spectrum substrate, 7-ethoxy-coumarin, in the absence and presence of
      selective inhibitors. Treatment of animals with trans-stilbene oxide or
      phenobarbital (a) increased the total amount of metabolites per protein mass and
      time, (b) changed the pattern of metabolites, but (c) induced a pattern of
      metabolites which was again very similar in rough and smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum. Even more distinct changes were found following treatment with 3
      methylcholanthrene or beta-naphthoflavone. Both of these compounds (a)
      preferentially induced the activity of rough endoplasmic reticulum, (b) changed
      the profile of metabolites, but (c) again did not disturb the similarities of the
      benzo(a)pyrene metabolite pattern between both fractions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3875402
TI  - Reversal of T-cell unresponsiveness by T-cell-conditioned medium in retrovirus
      MAV-2-O-induced immunosuppression in chickens.
AB  - Polyclonal activation of T-cells with concanavalin A has been used as an in vitro
      test system to study immunosuppression induced by the avian retrovirus MAV-2-O.
      The mitogenic responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes from infected
      chickens was only weakly suppressed, that of spleen lymphocytes was highly
      suppressed. Addition of conditioned media rich in T-cell growth factor (TCGF)
      activity to cultures of infected birds resulted in a reconstitution of the
      suppressed mitogenic responsiveness up to the level found in lymphocyte cultures
      from normal chickens. This indicates that the defect of the observed
      immunopathology is not at the level of responding T-cells. Measurements of TCGF
      production always showed reduced TCGF levels in the suppressed cultures
      suggesting that there is a defect at the TCGF production level. This is further
      supported by the failure to reconstitute the suppressed mitogenic response with
      normal macrophages, which are involved in activation of TCGF producer T-cells.

PMID- 3875403
TI  - Isolation of mouse T-cell lymphoma lines from different long-term interleukin 2
      dependent cultures.
AB  - A number of different biological properties have been ascribed to the hormone
      like protein interleukin 2 (IL-2). However, the most salient feature of this
      lymphokine is its ability to sustain the long-term proliferation of T-cells from
      humans and mice. Reported herein are the results of studies demonstrating the
      isolation of growth factor-independent cell lines from the long-term IL-2
      dependent murine T-cell line CTLL-2 that is used frequently as the source of
      target cells in IL-2 bioassays. Sustained log-phase growth of these T-cells in
      vitro has been achieved using Petri dishes of polymethylpentene; growth could not
      be sustained in similar dishes of glass, untreated polystyrene, polystyrene that
      had been treated for cell culture, or polycarbonate. The IL-2-independent line
      grew as a T-cell lymphoma when injected i.p. into pristane-treated, but not
      untreated, syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. In contrast, cells from the IL-2 parental line
      CTLL-2 did not grow in vivo. Characterization of the IL-2-independent lines
      propagated in vitro (denoted as line CEC) or in vivo (denoted as line CEP)
      demonstrated that they retained their dependency for 2-mercaptoethanol and
      expressed phenotypic profiles of their parental line CTLL-2 (Thy 1.2+, Lyt-1-;
      Lyt-2-). Isolation of an IL-2-independent T-cell lymphoma from a CTLL-2 line
      obtained from another investigator using a protocol that has proven reproducible
      under carefully controlled laboratory conditions and defined phenotypic traits of
      the syngeneic T-cell isolates provided evidence that the tumors were not a cross
      culture contaminant arising as a result of a laboratory accident. Moreover,
      karyotypic analysis using a quinacrine:Hoechst banding technique revealed similar
      marker chromosomes in the IL-2-dependent and -independent lines. IL-2-independent
      lines have also been established from the IL-2-dependent murine T-cell line CT-6.
      Accordingly, the results of these studies suggest that, during prolonged
      cultivation that has included exposure to crude IL-2 preparations known to
      contain phorbol ester, possibly viruses, and other contaminants, the IL-2
      dependent lines have developed subpopulations that are thought to have undergone
      malignant transformation of unknown etiology to generate IL-2-independent murine
      T-cell lymphomas that can be passaged repetitively either in vitro or in vivo.

PMID- 3875404
TI  - Characterization of effector cells mediating antitumor activity in spleen cells
      of tumor-bearing mice.
AB  - Antitumor activity of spleen cells from BALB/c mice bearing RL male 1 lymphoma
      was studied. In the Winn assay spleen cells of the tumor-bearing mice inhibited
      the growth of RL male 1 lymphoma. This antitumor activity of spleen cells was not
      detected by the in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay (4-h 51Cr release
      assay). The effector cells in spleen cells were T-cells which manifested asialo
      GM1 on their cell surfaces and were radiosensitive (1000 rads). The analysis of T
      cell subsets using Lyt markers showed that the effector cells expressed the Lyt-2
      antigen with a small amount of the Lyt-1 antigen on their cell surfaces. In
      addition antitumor activity of spleen cells of the tumor-bearing mice was weak in
      the early stage of tumor growth, strong in the mid-stage, and disappeared in the
      late stage. The mechanisms of antitumor activity of spleen cells of the tumor
      bearing mice are discussed.

PMID- 3875405
TI  - Potentiation of mitogen-induced human T-lymphocyte activation by retinoic acid.
AB  - The capacity of retinoic acid to modulate human T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte
      activation by mitogens was examined. T-lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by 12
      O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or phytohemagglutinin was enhanced by 5
      nM to 5 microM retinoic acid in a dose-dependent manner with a 65 +/- 35% (SD)
      increase (n = 6, P less than 0.01) in TPA-stimulated proliferation induced by 5
      microM retinoic acid. Retinoic acid enhanced T-lymphocyte proliferation over a
      wide range of background proliferation induced by different TPA concentrations.
      Retinoic acid alone did not stimulate T-lymphocyte proliferation. In contrast
      retinoic acid inhibited B-lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by TPA or
      phytohemagglutinin with 26.7 +/- 23.4% inhibition of TPA-stimulated proliferation
      induced by 5 microM retinoic acid (P less than 0.02). Retinoic acid had
      intermediate effects on the proliferation of different mixtures of T- and B
      lymphocytes stimulated by TPA or phytohemagglutinin. The recognition that
      retinoic acid has opposing effects on human T- and B-lymphocyte activation by
      mitogens may account for the conflicting reports of the effects of retinoids on
      the immune response of unpurified human lymphocyte preparations.

PMID- 3875406
TI  - Human colony-stimulating activity-producing tumor: production of very low mouse
      active colony-stimulating activity and induction of marked granulocytosis in
      mice.
AB  - We reported previously a human lung cancer which induced marked granulocytosis
      both in the patient and in the tumor-transplanted nude mice (G-1 mice), and whose
      conditioned media (G-1-T-CM) contained both human-active colony-stimulating
      activity (h-CSA) (810 colonies/ml) and mouse-active colony-stimulating activity
      (m-CSA) (530 colonies/ml), suggesting that the CSA produced by the tumor caused
      granulocytosis both in the patient and in G-1-mice. We reported here another
      human lung cancer which induced marked granulocytosis both in the patient and in
      the tumor-transplanted nude mice (G-2-mice). However, in contrast to the tumor
      reported by us previously, the conditioned media of this tumor (G-2-T-CM)
      contained only very weak m-CSA (86 colonies/ml), although h-CSA was very strong
      (7332 colonies/ml). The ratio of m-CSA to h-CSA in G-1-T-CM (0.654) was 55-fold
      higher than that in G-2-T-CM (0.012). Gel filtration of G-2-T-CM on a Sephadex G
      150 column denied the presence of colony-inhibiting activity which inhibited m
      CSA in G-2-T-CM. Since the addition of serum obtained from G-2 mice did not
      enhance m-CSA in G-2-T-CM, it seems unlikely that the G-2 tumor produced an
      inactive form of m-CSA which was activated in G-2 mouse serum. G-2-T-CM tended to
      maintain the number of colony-forming units in spleen in mouse bone marrow during
      liquid cultures, while G-1-T-CM did not. These results may indicate that the G-2
      tumor produced a humoral factor which has very weak CSA and acts on stem cells
      rather than on committed progenitors.

PMID- 3875407
TI  - Steroid receptors in human lung cancer.
AB  - We have determined that a significant incidence of specific high affinity
      receptors for androgen (AR), estrogen (ER), and glucocorticoid (GR) is present in
      normal adult human lung and bronchogenic carcinoma cytosols. In contrast, a
      limited number of tumor cytosols bound progesterone. Binding characteristics for
      each class of steroid hormones were similar to those reported for other steroid
      responsive normal and neoplastic tissues. ER was evenly distributed between
      squamous cell and adenocarcinoma cytosols with a slightly lower affinity, but
      higher content than normal lung. In normal lung, GR resolved into two distinct
      binding components based on affinity using a dextran-coated charcoal assay. AR in
      squamous cell carcinomas behaved in a similar manner. This was not observed when
      hydroxyapatite was used to separate bound from free ligand. When AR affinity and
      content were stratified on the basis of tumor grade in squamous cell carcinoma,
      the most undifferentiated tumors had a lower AR content and higher affinity. In
      contrast, there was no differentiation of AR content or affinity based on tumor
      grade in adenocarcinoma where AR also did not resolve into two distinct groups
      based on binding affinity. Although related to tumor grade, AR incidence and
      content were not related to stage of disease. In adenocarcinoma, initial results
      suggest GR affinity and content were inversely related to degree of tumor
      differentiation, while GR content was slightly lower in poorly differentiated
      squamous cell carcinomas. GR content in squamous cell carcinoma increased
      slightly between Stages I and II and declined significantly in Stage II patients.
      This was not observed in adenocarcinoma, where GR content appeared to increase
      with stage of disease. Our results suggest that a significant incidence of
      specific, high affinity receptors for estrogen, androgen, and glucocorticoid is
      present in nonsmall cell carcinomas of the lung, which could provide a useful
      starting point for examining whether steroids influence the natural history of
      selected bronchogenic carcinomas.

PMID- 3875408
TI  - Gradation of carcinogen-induced capacity for anchorage-independent growth in
      cultured rat liver epithelial cells.
AB  - The effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the capacity for anchorage
      independent growth of chemically treated rat hepatic epithelial cells has been
      investigated. We have performed the studies using 16 clonally derived cell
      strains which represented single cell-derived subpopulations of a heterogeneous
      rat hepatic epithelial cell line that had been tumorigenically transformed by 11
      repeated treatments with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The results can be
      summarized as follows. (a) Secondary clonal subpopulations isolated from the
      colonies formed by these strains in soft agar subsequently and invariably
      acquired markedly enhanced colony-forming efficiencies as compared to their
      parental strains. (b) EGF could enhance or induce colony-forming ability in soft
      agar in all of these cell strains. (c) The magnitudes of enhancement of the
      colony-forming efficiencies by EGF in soft agar could not be correlated with the
      absolute EGF-binding capacity of these cell strains. (d) The enhancement or
      induction of the colony-forming ability by EGF was either reversible or
      irreversible, partially correlating with the expression of gamma-glutamyl
      transpeptidase activity by the strains. These findings indicate that the cellular
      capacity of liver epithelial cells to grow anchorage independently in soft agar
      medium can be graded according to the pattern of response of EGF induction of
      colony-forming ability. These grades may reflect the level of neoplastic
      transformation of these cells. Moreover during the multistep transformation of
      rat hepatic epithelial cells by a chemical carcinogen, EGF can be used to reveal
      the presence of altered cells which have acquired partial capacity for the anchor
      age-independent growth property. This property may constitute an additional
      identifiable early step of the neoplastic transformation of these cells.

PMID- 3875409
TI  - [Corticosteroid pulse therapy in rheumatic diseases].

PMID- 3875410
TI  - [Determination of alpha-amylase isoenzymes using electrophoresis on agarose gel].

PMID- 3875411
TI  - [Kidney function after heart surgery].

PMID- 3875412
TI  - Intermitochondrial junctions in the heart of the frog, Rana esculenta. A thin
      section and freeze-fracture study.
AB  - In muscle fibers of the frog heart, junctions between outer membranes of adjacent
      mitochondrial profiles are occasionally found. In thin sections of embedded
      tissue and of mitochondrial pellets, the intermitochondrial junctional space is
      5.4 +/- 0.15 nm; the external leaflets of the membranes are joined by periodic
      structures separated from each other by 16.3 +/- 0.29 nm. There are 65.3 +/- 2
      periodic structures per micron of membrane measured on a section perpendicular to
      the junction. After cryofracture, the outer membrane is cleaved into two parts.
      Closely packed, parallel rows of large particles and furrows are found either on
      the P-, or on the E-faces. The rows of particles are 11 +/- 0.3 nm thick and are
      separated from each other by 16.5 +/- 0.46 nm, their density being 65 +/- 2.28
      per micron of the membrane. In junctional areas, rows of particles on one
      membrane correspond with the furrows on the other membrane. Intermitochondrial
      junctions appear to be real structures and not artifacts due to preparation
      procedures. The conditions of their occurrence are discussed.

PMID- 3875413
TI  - Epidermal growth factor does not cross the blood-brain barrier.
AB  - To measure the passage of epidermal growth factor (EGF) through the blood-brain
      barrier (BBB) 125I-labeled EGF was injected intravenously into adult rats. The
      distribution of 125I-EGF in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was
      determined over a time period of several hours. Between 2 to 6 h a stable
      distribution of intact 125I-EGF in CSF was measured to be approximately 1/500 of
      the blood-borne EGF, an equilibrium value below those obtained by other
      investigators for BBB-impermeable compounds, such as inulin and bovine serum
      albumin. Our data indicate that 125I-EGF, although clearly detectable in the CSF,
      does not cross the BBB at a higher rate or in higher quantities than would be
      expected from its molecular size.

PMID- 3875414
TI  - Secretory activity of the subcommissural organ in Rana temporaria under osmotic
      stimulation.
AB  - The secretory activity of the subcommissural organ (SCO) in the frog Rana
      temporaria was studied under conditions of dehydration. After injection of a
      radioactive precursor the amount and concentration of radioactively labelled
      material in the SCO are smaller in dehydrated than in control animals.
      Concomitantly, the growth rate of the CSF-fibre (Reissner's fibre) increases in
      dehydrated animals. It follows that water deprivation enhances the secretory
      activity of the SCO. To investigate whether the SCO may be responsible for the
      secretion of an aldosteronotropic factor as suggested in the literature, brains
      were incubated in vitro with a radioactive precursor and with or without
      aldosterone. The SCO of the aldosterone-treated brains contains more
      radioactively labelled material than the SCO of the control brains. It is argued
      that this is indicative of a lower secretory activity It means that aldosterone
      inhibits the secretory activity of the SCO, possibly by a process of negative
      feed-back regulation. The results of the present experiments can be interpreted
      in favour of an involvement of the SCO-Reissner's fibre complex in
      osmoregulation.

PMID- 3875415
TI  - Dissociation of cells from sea urchin embryos alters the synthesis of actins and
      other proteins.
AB  - The effects of altered cellular microenvironments on patterns of protein
      synthesis at various periods during sea urchin development were quantitated by
      comparing the relative incorporation of [35S]methionine into selected
      polypeptides of intact embryos and cells dissociated from them. The effects of
      increasing times of reassociation were also determined. Quantitative, but not
      qualitative, differences in incorporation were noted. Actins, as well as
      heterogeneous acidic polypeptides with an Mr of about 80 kDa, showed increased
      incorporation in dissociated cells labeled at the time control embryos were
      recently hatched blastulae. Labeling of another acidic group of polypeptides with
      an Mr of about 100 kDa was decreased. Possible mechanisms regulating these shifts
      in incorporation were investigated by the use of inhibitors. The dissociation
      triggered changes were insensitive to actinomycin D, cordycepin, dibutyryl cAMP,
      3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, and trifluoperazine; however, the latter two
      stimulated incorporation into some polypeptides in intact blastulae. Age
      dependent shifts in incorporation were also detected in both intact embryos and
      dissociated/reassociating cells.

PMID- 3875416
TI  - Tolerance and immunity in antigen-specific B-lymphocyte lines: early receptor
      binding of either antigen or tolerogen initiates an immune response.
AB  - Studies of the effect of tolerance-inducing compounds on B lymphocytes have been
      complicated by the fact that it is technically difficult to completely isolate
      the antigen-specific B cell from the effects of T cells or T-cell factors. We
      have used our cell lines of nonmalignant dinitrophenyl (DNP)-specific B
      lymphocytes derived from normal mice, which have no contaminating T cells, to
      study the effect of DNP-murine IgG2a (DNP-MGG), a tolerogen which is not normally
      immunogenic, on antigen-specific B lymphocytes. Preincubation with DNP-MGG for 48
      hr, both in the presence and absence of T-cell factors from EL-4 supernatant
      prior to adding the antigen DNP-Ficoll, can induce tolerance in cell line B
      lymphocytes. The suppression is antigen-specific since preincubation with
      fluorescein-MGG or unconjugated MGG does not suppress the anti-DNP response. At
      least a 36-hr incubation is required for tolerance induction in B lymphocytes,
      but a 6-hr preincubation with DNP-MGG augments the immune response to DNP-Ficoll.
      Lymphocytes incubated for 6 or 24 hr with DNP-MGG prior to adding EL-4
      supernatant and filler cells without DNP-Ficoll exhibited an immune response
      equal to that elicited by DNP-Ficoll and T-cell factors. A 6-hr pulse with a DNP
      conjugated polymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine (DNP-dGL), a B-cell tolerogen
      which does not bind to Fc receptors, elicited the same immune response as seen
      with a 6-hr pulse of DNP-MGG but a 48-hr preincubation with DNP-dGL induced
      tolerance. Thus, it is likely that the initial binding of the tolerogen to the
      immunoglobulin receptor on the mature B cell elicits an activation signal similar
      to that seen with the antigen. The suppressive effect of the tolerogen itself
      appears to occur at a later stage of the process of the B-cell activation,
      proliferation, and differentiation.

PMID- 3875417
TI  - Activation of human eosinophils by monokines and lymphokines: source and
      biochemical characteristics of the eosinophil cytotoxicity-enhancing activity
      produced by blood mononuclear cells.
AB  - We and others have previously reported that human blood mononuclear cells release
      in culture certain substances that enhance the capacity of purified human blood
      eosinophils to kill the antibody-coated larvae of Schistosoma mansoni. The
      present study shows that this eosinophil cytotoxicity-enhancing activity (ECEA)
      is released by monocytes and T lymphocytes. Monocytes produce ECEA in resting and
      in LPS-stimulated cultures; T lymphocytes release such activity when stimulated
      by mitogens such as concanavalin A. Furthermore, the human monocytic line U-937
      also releases ECEA-like activity when stimulated by LPS. The enhancing activity
      produced by monocytes has been partially characterized: it is sensitive to
      proteolysis by trypsin, relatively heat stable, and associated with molecules
      that have an apparent molecular weight of 14,000 to 65,000 daltons and
      isoelectric points of 3.8-3.9, 4.2, 4.5, 4.8-4.9. This shows that while ECEA
      produced by monocytes is heterogeneous in size and charge, it is probably
      different from interleukin 1.

PMID- 3875418
TI  - Characterization of corticosteroid receptors in natural killer cells: comparison
      with circulating lymphoid and myeloid cells.
AB  - Lymphocytes mediating natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent cellular
      cytotoxicity (ADCC) activities are relatively refractory to the changes in
      circulatory traffic and intrinsic function induced in other cell types by in vivo
      and in vitro corticosteroids (CS). To investigate if such drug resistance could
      be attributed to differences in the CS receptor number of affinity (Kd) of these
      cells, these characteristics were determined in purified populations of large
      granular lymphocytes (LGL), monocytes, neutrophils (PMN), and T cells. All cell
      types displayed a single class of CS receptor of uniform affinity; however, LGL
      resembled monocytes and PMN in receptor number and Kd while T cells had
      significantly fewer sites per cell with lower Kd. These studies suggest that the
      unresponsiveness of NK activity to CS is not secondary to differences in CS
      receptor capacity or affinity.

PMID- 3875419
TI  - The role of dendritic cells in the initiation of immune responses to contact
      sensitizers. II. Studies in nude mice.
AB  - Twenty-four hours after skin painting nude mice with picryl chloride, there was
      an increase in the number of dendritic cells (DC) isolated from the draining
      lymph nodes. This increased inflow or retention of DC in lymph nodes following
      skin painting is therefore unlikely to depend on interaction of DC with T cells.
      The DC obtained initiated primary proliferative responses in vitro in lymph node
      cells from congenic euthymic mice. Contact sensitivity developed in congenic mice
      when they received footpad injections of 60,000 DC from the lymph nodes of nude
      mice skin sensitized 1 day previously with picryl chloride or oxazolone. The
      initiation of delayed hypersensitivity was therefore independent of T-cell
      contamination within the donor DC.

PMID- 3875420
TI  - Activation of an interleukin-1-responsive T-cell lymphoma by fixed P388D1
      macrophages and an antibody against the Ag:MHC T-cell receptor.
AB  - We have characterized the activation of the interleukin 1 (IL-1)-responsive T
      cell lymphoma LBRM33-1A5-47 to interleukin 2 (IL-2) production by
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and IL-1. The signal provided by soluble IL-1 could be
      replaced by fixed P388D1 cells and the signal provided by PHA by a monoclonal
      antibody directed against an allotypic determinant of the Ag/MHC T-cell receptor
      (KJ16-133). The signal provided by fixed P388D1 does not appear to be due to
      alloreactivity. Instead, it appears to be due to a membrane-bound IL-1. The
      implications of these observations are discussed.

PMID- 3875421
TI  - Establishment of T-cell clones recognizing difference in H-2K antigen and
      inducing graft-versus-host disease.
AB  - From the spleen cells of C57BL/6 (B6) mice, T-cell clones were established which
      responded to mutant H-2K antigen of B6. B-H-2bml (Hz1) mice. One clone and its
      subclones were maintained in culture medium containing lower concentration (2.5%)
      of IL-2 (culture supernatant of rat spleen cells stimulated with concanavalin A).
      They were shown to have a capability to induce graft-versus-host reaction in (B6
      X Hz1)F1 recipients as well as to exert cytotoxicity against concanavalin-A
      activated spleen cells of Hz1 mice and also their kidney fibroblasts. They lacked
      cytotoxicity against syngeneic and also third-party Con-A-stimulated spleen
      cells. These reactive clones were Thy-1.2 and Lyt-2 positive and Lyt-1 negative.
      On the other hand, clones which were maintained in culture medium containing
      higher concentration (20%) of IL-2 were devoid of activities in vivo as well as
      in vitro. These clones were Thy-1.2 positive but Lyt-1.2 and Lyt-2.2 negative.

PMID- 3875423
TI  - Interleukin 1 and cartilage damage: a possible role in Lyme arthritis?

PMID- 3875422
TI  - Thymic hormones in radiation-induced immunodeficiency. I. Induction of mature
      interleukin 1 responsive cell in the thymus by thymosin fraction 5.
AB  - The restorative effect of thymosin fraction 5 (TF5) on the thymus of gamma
      irradiated mice was examined. Four different mouse strains were used in this
      study since earlier work determined that the degree of response to TF5 is strain
      dependent. The responsiveness to comitogenic effect of interleukin 1 (IL-1) was
      used to measure the rate of recovery of immunocompetent cells in the thymus,
      since only more mature PNA-, Lyt-1+-2- medullary cells respond to this monokine.
      Contrary to several earlier reports that radioresistant cells repopulating the
      thymus within the first 10 days after irradiation are mature, corticosteroid
      resistant, immunocompetent cells, the thymic cells from irradiated mice in all
      strains used had greatly reduced responses to IL-1. Daily intraperitoneal
      injections of TF5 increased significantly the responses of thymic cells to IL-1
      in 10- to 13-weeks-old C57Bl/KsJ, C57Bl/6, C3H/HeJ, and DBA/1 mice. Older mice, 5
      months or more in age, of DBA/1 strain did not respond to treatment with TF5.
      However, C3H/HeJ mice of the same age were highly responsive. In conclusion, (1)
      cells repopulating the thymus within 12 days after irradiation contain lower than
      normal fraction of mature IL-1 responsive cells, (2) thymic hormones increase the
      rate of recovery of immunocompetent cells in the thymus, and (3) the effect of
      thymic hormones is strain and age dependent.

PMID- 3875424
TI  - Functional comparison of recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2) with IL-2-containing
      preparations derived from cultured cells.
AB  - Due to its purity and potential availability in large amounts, human recombinant
      interleukin 2 (IL-2) expressed in Escherichia coli is an important source of IL-2
      for experimentation and possible therapy. To date, very few comparisons between
      the activity of recombinant IL-2 and conventional cell-derived preparations of IL
      2 have been made. This is particularly important since the use of recombinant IL
      2 may have some specific limitations. For example, recombinant IL-2 is not post
      translationally modified as are cell-derived preparations. Lack of modifications
      such as glycosylation of threonine 3 may alter efficacy or stability. Comparative
      studies are necessary to demonstrate the efficacy, species specificity, and
      stability of recombinant IL-2. By comparing IL-2 activity of recombinant IL-2 to
      that of cell-derived IL-2, we have demonstrated that each of the preparations are
      equally active in several murine and human IL-2 proliferation assays and that IL
      2 is the active moiety in these assays. In contrast to previous reports, we also
      show that recombinant IL-2 is sufficient to establish and maintain long-term cell
      lines. Additionally, by using "synthetic" recombinant IL-2 of defined protein
      sequence, we have demonstrated that this amino acid-defined structure is indeed
      responsible for the functions attributed to IL-2.

PMID- 3875425
TI  - Idiotypic properties of the murine anti-arsonate antibody response: B- and T-cell
      influences.
AB  - In a previous report characterizing the arsonate (ABA)-specific plaque-forming
      cell (PFC) responses of A/J mice induced by ABA-KLH, two interesting
      characteristics of the idiotypic (Id) profile were noted: (1) an apparent Id
      selectivity in the isotype switch since the earliest appearing IgG PFC in the
      primary response were significantly more "cross-reactive Id" (CRI)-dominant than
      the IgM PFC population, and, (2) a temporal waning of CRI dominance with time
      among IgG PFC, from 75-100% CRI+ PFC to about 25-45% CRI+ PFC in secondary
      responses. Experiments were performed to determine whether these effects are
      largely attributable to T or to B cells. Mice were immunized with a T-independent
      (TI) form of ABA (ABA-Brucella abortus) and apparent Id selectivity was observed;
      the earliest IgG PFC averaged 75% CRI+ while IgM PFC were only 39% CRI+. Due to
      the TI nature of the Ag, this provides suggestive, but not conclusive, evidence
      that the Id asymmetry in the isotype switch may be attributable to the direct
      interaction of Ag with B cells. Other studies addressed the temporal shift in CRI
      dominance. First, it was found that preexposure of mice to either KLH or to ABA
      (on an irrelevant carrier) resulted in diminished CRI dominance in subsequent
      "primary" responses to ABA-KLH. Secondly, adoptive transfer experiments with B
      and T cells from virgin mice (Bv, Tv) or ABA-KLH-primed mice (Bp, Tp) showed that
      recipients of Bv + Tp or Bp + Tv generated anti-ABA PFC responses with
      intermediate CRI levels. The Tv cells had some preferential tendency to activate
      CRI+ clones in the Bp population. The results demonstrate that CRI levels are
      jointly determined by the immune status of both B and T cells. A simple model is
      offered which accounts for early Id dominance and its gradual decline and has as
      its central postulate the assumption that CRI+ B cells in the virgin ABA-specific
      repertoire have an affinity advantage over CRI- clones.

PMID- 3875427
TI  - Osteocalcin antigenicity in cultured osteoblast-like cells after stimulation with
      1,25-vitamin D3.

PMID- 3875426
TI  - Comparison of murine lymphokine-activated killer cells, natural killer cells, and
      cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
AB  - Precursors and effectors of murine lymphokine-activated killer cells, natural
      killer cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes are compared. Natural killer cells are
      resistant to gamma-irradiation (1000 R) whereas precursors of lymphokine
      activated killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes are sensitive. Lower doses of
      gamma-irradiation (500 R) remove precursors for cytotoxic T lymphocytes but not
      lymphokine-activated killer cells. In addition, lymphokine-activated killer cells
      are regenerated before classical CTL after sublethal doses of gamma-irradiation.
      Natural killer cells are resistant to anti-Thy 1 and C' and anti-thymocyte serum,
      but sensitive to anti-asialo GM1 and complement. Precursors of cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes are sensitive to anti-Thy 1 and complement and anti-thymocyte serum,
      but are resistant to anti-asialo GM1 and complement. Precursors of lymphokine
      activated killer cells are partially sensitive to anti-Thy 1 and complement and
      anti-thymocyte serum, but are resistant to anti-asialo GM1 and complement.
      Effector cells of cytotoxic T lymphocytes are sensitive to anti-Thy 1 and
      complement and resistant to anti-asialo GM1 and complement. Lymphokine-activated
      killer cell effectors are sensitive to anti-asialo GM1 and complement at 24 hr
      after activation. These effectors are more closely aligned with classical natural
      killer effectors. Lymphokine-activated killer effectors, 7 days after activation,
      are resistant to anti-asialo GM1 and complement and sensitive to anti-Thy 1 and
      complement. Relationships and differences among these cytotoxic subsets are
      discussed.

PMID- 3875428
TI  - [Inflammatory symptomatology in the clinical picture of retinoblastoma].

PMID- 3875429
TI  - [T-lymphocyte dynamics in the acute phase of recurrent otitis in childhood].

PMID- 3875430
TI  - Ceftriaxone against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria: bactericidal and
      post-antibiotic effect.
AB  - The effect of ceftriaxone against Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains of
      different clinical isolates has been compared to that of other cephalosporins
      such as cefuroxime, cefoxitin and cefotaxime. Cefotaxime and ceftriaxone have a
      notably higher activity against Enterobacteriaceae than cefuroxime and cefoxitin.
      If ceftriaxone activity is compared to cefotaxime activity, it may be seen that
      the former shows a stronger action against Pseudomonas, Proteus rettgeri,
      Enterobacter and Serratia. Against Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci the four
      antibiotics show a low level of activity. The effect of a microorganism's
      temporary contact with ceftriaxone was tested by a method whereby the antibiotic
      was removed with an ion-exchanging resin. Ceftriaxone shows rapid bactericidal
      activity against sensitive bacteria and if it is used at concentrations slightly
      higher than MIC, as in vivo against bacteria of average sensibility, we notice a
      10-18 h bacteriostatic effect during which a prevalence of filamentous shapes of
      gram-negative bacteria is observed.

PMID- 3875431
TI  - Mechanisms of cigarette smoke toxicity: the inactivation of human alpha-1
      proteinase inhibitor by nitric oxide/isoprene mixtures in air.
AB  - A mixture of nitric oxide (NO) and isoprene in air has been studied as a model
      for gas-phase cigarette smoke. We have shown that this model system duplicates
      many of the properties of cigarette smoke including the inactivation of human
      alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (a1PI). In this study, buffered solutions of a1PI
      were exposed to puffs of air containing 300 ppm NO and 400 ppm isoprene. Bubbling
      of the NO/air/isoprene gas stream directly through buffered protein solutions
      causes a1PI to undergo a fast loss of inhibitory capacity. This fast inactivation
      is not observed when a1PI is exposed to aqueous extracts of the NO/air/isoprene
      mixture. Both direct exposure and exposure to aqueous extracts, however, cause
      a1PI to undergo a slow loss of activity that continues for several days as the
      protein is incubated in the buffer solutions. Gas-phase cigarette smoke has
      already been shown to cause this same two-phase inactivation of a1PI. The
      inactivation of a1PI by the model system is dependent on the presence of oxygen
      in the gas stream, suggesting that the oxidation of nitric oxide to nitrogen
      dioxide in air is involved in the formation of the inactivating species. The
      nature of these species remains to be determined; however, small alkoxyl or
      peroxyl radicals (such as are spin-trappable from gas-phase smoke as well as from
      the NO/air/isoprene system) do not appear to inactivate a1PI. One possibility is
      that the inactivating species are metastable compounds formed by radical
      processes in the gas phase of both cigarette smoke and our model system. Our data
      suggest that one possible class of species is peroxynitrates.

PMID- 3875432
TI  - Six years of experience with the St. Jude Medical valvular prosthesis.
AB  - The cases of 680 consecutive patients who underwent valve replacement with the
      St. Jude Medical prostheses by one group of surgeons from October 1977 through
      October 1983 were reviewed. The operative mortality for the entire group was 6.6%
      (3.7% for aortic valve replacement [AVR], 1.6% for AVR and coronary artery bypass
      [CAB], 14.3% for AVR and miscellaneous procedures; 7.9% for mitral valve
      replacement [MVR], 15.5% for MVR and CAB, 33% for MVR and miscellaneous
      procedures; 5% for double valve replacement [DVR], 8.3% for DVR and CAB, and 0%
      for DVR and miscellaneous procedures). Warfarin (Coumadin) anticoagulation was
      recommended for all the patients. The mean follow-up of 24 months was completed
      in 95% of the patients (14,737 patient-months). The overall late mortality was
      7.7% (6.2% for AVR, 6.3% for AVR and CAB, 8.3% for AVR and miscellaneous
      procedures; 7.9% for MVR, 6.7% for MVR and CAB, 33% for MVR and miscellaneous
      procedures; 15.8% for DVR, 18.2% for DVR and CAB, and 0% for DVR and
      miscellaneous procedures). There were no cases of mechanical prosthetic failure.
      Clinically significant hemolysis occurred in only five patients (less than 1%)
      with paravalvular leak after MVR. Only three patients (less than 0.5%)
      experienced prosthetic infection. Incidence of embolization was 0.7 per 100
      patient-years in the patients who underwent AVR and 2.2 per 100 patient-years in
      those who underwent MVR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3875433
TI  - Intermediate-term results of coronary artery bypass grafting for acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - To assess the intermediate-term results of emergency coronary revascularization
      for acute myocardial infarction, we analyzed all patients (n = 35) who underwent
      coronary artery bypass grafting within 48 hr of acute myocardial infarction
      between January 1, 1982, and March 1, 1983. All patients had complete
      revascularization of infarct and noninfarct areas (3.4 +/- 1.65 distal
      anastomoses per patient). All patients have been traced as of February 21, 1984.
      Median duration of follow-up was 17.4 months (range 11.2 to 23.7). One in
      hospital death (2.9%, 70% confidence limits 0% to 9%) occurred with low cardiac
      output, and no deaths occurred in the four patients who were in cardiogenic shock
      before surgery. One late death occurred from cancer, and 1 year overall actuarial
      survival is 94%. One patient underwent successful cardiac transplantation 8
      months after operation. Ninety-seven percent of surviving patients are in NYHA
      class I or II, and 82% (27/33) have had no postoperative angina; six patients
      have mild angina. No patient has suffered a subsequent myocardial infarction. The
      early and intermediate results support continued application of emergency
      revascularization in higher-risk subsets of patients with acute myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 3875434
TI  - Emergency bypass surgery: late effects on size of infarction and ventricular
      function.
AB  - Using thallium myocardial scintigraphy and radionuclide ventriculography, we
      assessed size of infarction and left ventricular function at late follow-up
      (greater than 2 months) in 13 patients who underwent emergency coronary artery
      bypass surgery (ECABS) during evolving myocardial infarction and in 26 controls
      who received conventional treatment for acute infarction. Thallium scans were
      quantitatively analyzed. The thallium defect, expressed as a numerical value in
      arbitrary units, was smaller after early revascularization (within 4 hr of the
      onset of symptoms, n = 10) than in the controls: 397 +/- 232 vs 2779 +/- 972 for
      anterior infarction (p less than .001) and 475 +/- 511 vs 1454 +/- 960 for
      inferior infarction (p less than .05). The patients undergoing revascularization
      late (4 to 5 hr after the onset of symptoms, n = 3) had thallium defects
      comparable to those in the controls. Regional ejection fraction of the involved
      left ventricular segment was higher after early revascularization (41 +/- 9% vs
      21 +/- 8% for anterior infarction, p less than .005; 67 +/- 14% vs 51 +/- 11% for
      inferior infarction, p less than .01). Global ejection fraction was higher after
      early revascularization in patients with anterior infarction (57 +/- 10% vs 37 +/
      9%, p less than 0.02), but not in those with inferior infarction (60 +/- 11% vs
      54 +/- 8%, p greater than .05). After late revascularization, regional and global
      ejection fraction were comparable to those in controls. In selected patients,
      early reperfusion of acutely ischemic myocardium by ECABS can limit size of
      infarction and preserve left ventricular function, but time constraints may be
      severe.

PMID- 3875435
TI  - Long-term follow-up of postcardiotomy patients with profound cardiogenic shock
      treated with ventricular assist devices.
AB  - Success of ventricular assist devices in patients with postcardiotomy shock has
      provided enough survivors to allow evaluation of the length and quality of life.
      Fifteen survivors from 28 to 68 years (mean 53) old from four centers were
      followed for 6 to 77 months (mean 35) after discharge from the hospital. Four
      patients suffered perioperative myocardial infarctions. In three patients,
      ventricular function was normal before surgery and remained so afterward. Of 12
      patients with moderate or severely impaired ventricular function, five improved,
      five were unchanged, and two were worse. One patient died 6 months after surgery
      of cardiomyopathy. Seven patients are employed full-time and one works part-time.
      Five patients are retired but active and one is moderately disabled. NYHA
      functional class improved in the patients as a group: 13 were in classes III and
      IV before surgery and 13 were in classes I and II after surgery. Two patients had
      noncardiac partial disability. Survivors of ventricular assist device support for
      postcardiotomy shock have an excellent chance for high-quality life and the risk
      of crippling cardiac disability is small.

PMID- 3875436
TI  - Does the type of venous drainage or cardioplegia affect postoperative conduction
      and atrial arrhythmias?
AB  - Five consecutive patient groups undergoing coronary bypass surgery were studied
      for postoperative conduction disturbances and atrial arrhythmias. Group I (50
      patients) had blood cardioplegic solution (25 meq/liter potassium) and unsnared
      venae cavae, group II (156 patients) had low-volume crystalloid cardioplegic
      solution (25 meq/liter potassium) and unsnared venae cavae, group III (56
      patients) was similar to group II except that a single cavoatrial venous cannula
      was used instead of two separate cannulas, group IV (218 patients) had high
      volume crystalloid cardioplegic solution (25 meq/liter potassium) and snared
      venae cavae, and group V (37 patients) was the same as group IV except that the
      cardioplegic solution contained 10 meq/liter potassium after the first dose,
      which contained 25 meq/liter. All postoperative electrocardiograms were analyzed
      for conduction disturbances and atrial arrhythmias. The results showed a
      significantly lower incidence of conduction disturbances in group I (12%) as
      compared with groups II to IV. In addition, groups IV and V (high-volume
      crystalloid cardioplegic solution) had a significantly higher incidence of
      conduction disturbances than groups II and III (lower-volume crystalloid
      solution) (55.0% and 62.1% vs 26.2% and 35.1%, respectively). The majority of
      these disturbances were temporary. Group I also had the lowest incidence of
      postoperative atrial arrhythmias (3.8%). There was no significant difference
      between the groups receiving high- and low-volume crystalloid solution. It is
      concluded that blood cardioplegic solution affords the best protection against
      postoperative conduction disturbances and atrial arrhythmias. High-volume
      crystalloid cardioplegic solution affords the least protection against conduction
      disturbances but has no effect on atrial arrhythmias.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3875437
TI  - Non-Q wave perioperative myocardial infarction: assessment of the incidence and
      severity of regional dysfunction with quantitative two-dimensional
      echocardiography.
AB  - Since the widespread use of hypothermic potassium cardioplegia began, marked
      reductions in perioperative mortality and the rate of Q wave-associated
      myocardial infarctions have been noted. No study to date has evaluated whether
      there has been an equally dramatic improvement in the incidence of postoperative
      myocardial infarctions unassociated with Q wave development. We used a previously
      validated quantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic analytic algorithm to
      determine the incidence and severity of regional wall motion abnormalities
      (RWMAs) and first-pass radionuclide ventriculography to assess deterioration in
      global left ventricular function in the four following groups of patients (total
      n = 65): (1) those with peak postoperative creatine kinase (CK)-MB levels equal
      to or less than the mean value for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass
      surgery at our institution (n = 10), (2) those with CK-MB levels between the mean
      and 1 SD above the mean (n = 10), (3) those with peak CK-MB levels higher than 1
      SD above the mean (n = 25), and (4) those with new pathologic Q waves on the
      postoperative electrocardiogram (n = 20). All patients had electrocardiograms
      without pathologic Q waves and normal wall motion and ejection fraction by
      contrast ventriculography before surgery. The incidence of postoperative RWMA by
      two-dimensional echocardiography for groups 1 through 4 was 0%, 20%, 55%, and
      89%, respectively. Percent of abnormal left ventricular segments, wall motion
      scores, and the deterioration in left ventricular ejection fraction as assessed
      by radionuclide ventriculography were similar for patients with new RWMAs whether
      or not new Q waves developed (p = NS for all).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3875438
TI  - Circulating immune complexes in patients with cystic fibrosis in relation to
      clinical features.
AB  - Immune complexes have been previously reported in the serum of patients with
      cystic fibrosis. This study was undertaken to relate the finding of complexes
      with the clinical features of the disease. Immune complexes detected by the 125I
      C1q binding assay were found in the sera of 17/60 (28%) of patients with cystic
      fibrosis (CF). There was no association between the finding of raised levels of
      immune complexes and duration of chest symptoms, duration of daily sputum
      production, age, sex, weight, atopy, the presence or absence of malabsorption,
      pneumothorax, diabetes, Aspergillus precipitins or specific bacterial pathogens
      in the sputum. There was however a correlation between the finding of increasing
      circulating immune complexes and decrease in the respiratory function; forced
      expiratory volume in 1 sec (P less than 0.001) and forced vital capacity (P less
      than 0.005); also with weight (P less than 0.02). It is possible that the finding
      of immune complexes, at low levels, in cystic fibrosis are the result of tissue
      damage rather than its cause.

PMID- 3875439
TI  - Fluorescence depolarization assay for quantifying alpha-amylase in serum and
      urine.
AB  - We have developed a new method for quantifying alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) in
      serum and urine by fluorescence depolarization. Amylase in the sample catalyzes
      the hydrolysis of the substrate, a fluorescein-labeled amylose. This results in
      decreased fluorescence polarization, owing to the increased rate of rotation of
      the amylose fragment relative to the intact substrate. The TDx amylase assay is
      calibrated with six human-serum-based pancreatic amylase calibrators. Amylase
      activities are determined by interpolation from the calibration curve, which is
      stored in the TDx analyzer's memory. Results correlate well with those by the Du
      Pont aca assay and the Beckman "DRI-STAT" assay. Endogenous glucose does not
      interfere. CVs are less than 6%, and the reagents are stable in liquid form.

PMID- 3875440
TI  - Autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus of late onset.

PMID- 3875441
TI  - The intestinal tract.
AB  - In this chapter, we have considered angiographic applications for diagnosis and
      management of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding and intestinal ischaemia.
      For patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, diagnostic angiography should
      be performed only when and if endoscopy is not available or non-contributory. For
      therapeutic purposes, angiography is applied in patients who continue to bleed
      despite conservative measures and intervention becomes unavoidable. Therapeutic
      interventions include the intra-arterial infusion of vasopressin and/or
      transcatheter embolization. In patients with rectal bleeding the addition of
      radionuclide studies has reduced the number of negative arteriographic
      examinations. We currently use the radionuclide studies only as a guide to
      whether active bleeding is present or not. If the radionuclide test is negative,
      we do not perform angiography. If it is positive we proceed with angiography in
      order to confirm localization and control bleeding with an intervention. For
      patients with rapid bleeding who are haemodynamically unstable we bypass nuclear
      medicine and proceed directly with angiography. In patients with suspected
      intestinal ischaemia, angiography is the only means of deciding whether ischaemia
      is of the occlusive or the non-occlusive form. Mesenteric vascular occlusions are
      treated surgically while low flow states are managed with mesenteric artery
      infusions of papaverine. Angioplasty has been and can be applied in patients with
      mesenteric arterial stenoses and symptoms of chronic intestinal ischaemia.

PMID- 3875442
TI  - Staphylococcal protein A bound to Sepharose 4B is mitogenic for T cells but not B
      cells from rabbit tissues.
AB  - The mitogenicity of protein A from Staphylococcus aureus bound to Sepharose 4B
      (SpA-S) was tested against mononuclear cells from normal rabbit spleens and
      Peyer's patches after using Sephadex G-10 adherence chromatography to deplete
      macrophages and Sephadex G-200 anti-rabbit F(ab')2 immunoabsorbent columns to
      obtain B-enriched lymphocytes. Macrophage-depleted unseparated lymphocytes and
      the B-cell-depleted (T-cell-enriched) fractions from both tissues consistently
      showed good mitogenic responses to SpA-S. In contrast, the B-cell-enriched
      populations from either tissue did not respond to SpA-S. Supplementary
      experiments employing glass adherence and T-cell autorosetting did not support
      the possibility that the more efficient immunoabsorbent method of B-cell
      isolation had in some way caused the unresponsiveness to SpA-S. These results
      indicate that SpA-S is mitogenic for rabbit tissue T cells but will not serve as
      a T-independent mitogen for rabbit tissue B cells.

PMID- 3875443
TI  - Optimal technetium-99m RBC labeling for gastrointestinal hemorrhage study.
AB  - Four methods of Tc-99m red blood cell labeling were tested for labeling
      efficiency and kinetics in normal adults. From a perspective of the
      gastrointestinal hemorrhage study, the in vivo method was least appropriate
      because of extravascular loss of pertechnetate. The modified in vitro method was
      disadvantageous because of long labeling intervals in a syringe fixed to the
      patient's forearm (45 minutes). The pure in vitro methods produced the highest
      labeling efficiency (95% +) and are preferred by the authors.

PMID- 3875444
TI  - The urethral syndrome.

PMID- 3875445
TI  - Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pneumocystis carinii in culture.
AB  - Pneumocystis carinii from infected rats were cultured on infected WI-38 human
      lung fibroblasts. After cultures were established, medium was replaced by medium
      containing antimicrobials and supernate organisms counted at specified times.
      Results show that metronidazole had no effect, amphotericin B suppressed
      organisms at 5 but not 0.5 microgram/ml, and miconazole, chloroquine,
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and pentamidine isethionate suppressed organisms
      at the concentrations tested.

PMID- 3875446
TI  - Isolation of lysosomes from the tail of metamorphosing bullfrog tadpole.
AB  - A mitochondrial-lysosomal fraction obtained by differential centrifugation of the
      tail homogenate of metamorphosing Rana catesbeiana tadpoles was fractionated on
      iso-osmotic self generating gradients composed of modified colloidal silica
      (Percoll). More than half the activities of most lysosomal hydrolases were
      recovered to a heavy fraction, which contained little activities of cytochrome
      oxidase and of catalase. The activities of lysosomal enzymes in the heavy
      fraction showed latency, and the median density of those was 1.09. These results
      indicate that intact lysosomes, which are considerably purified, could be
      obtained by this method.

PMID- 3875447
TI  - A database management system for cardiovascular disease.
AB  - The Loyola Open-Heart Registry is a fully operational database that has hundreds
      of programs designed to input, modify, verify, maintain, update and analyze its
      raw data. It contains retrospectively collected data on approximately 4000
      patients who underwent coronary bypass (CABG) or cardiac valve replacement (CVR)
      from January 1970 to May 1981. Since 1981 we have collected detailed information
      on approximately 1300 patients per year. The system is described in clinical and
      technical terms. The means of data acquisition and input are described and a flow
      chart for the collection of data is provided. The system's hardware is described
      briefly, and the nature and limitations of the software are discussed. Specific
      datasheets are described, and examples of output retrievals are provided. A few
      comments are made regarding the administrative aspects of database management.
      The entire paper is summarized, and our future plans and areas of development are
      described.

PMID- 3875448
TI  - Cardiac surgery in the elderly.

PMID- 3875449
TI  - Study of problems of epidemiology and prevention of cardiovascular diseases-
      twenty years of cooperation with the journal, Cor et Vasa.

PMID- 3875450
TI  - A comparison of faecal blood loss caused by tenoxicam and piroxicam in normal
      healthy male volunteers.
AB  - Faecal blood loss arising from tenoxicam at a dose of 20 mg/day was compared to
      that arising from piroxicam at a dose of 20 mg/day in a double-blind, parallel
      comparative study in 12 healthy male volunteers. Faecal blood loss was measured
      for a 1-week run-in on placebo, during 4 weeks of treatment and for a 2-week post
      treatment period in both groups. Plasma levels for tenoxicam and piroxicam
      confirmed good compliance in all subjects. Mean blood loss during the placebo run
      in period was 0.35 ml/day. Mean blood loss during treatment with tenoxicam was
      0.84 ml/day and with piroxicam 0.81 ml/day. There was no significant difference
      between these measurements. On cessation of treatment, faecal blood loss
      continued both in the tenoxicam group (mean 1.30 ml/day) and piroxicam group
      (mean 1.41 ml/day). The difference between these was not statistically
      significant. No significant haematological or biochemical abnormality resulted
      from either of the two trial drugs during the period of the study. Urinalysis and
      NAG/creatinine ratio also remained unaltered in both treatment groups.

PMID- 3875451
TI  - Comparison of occult blood loss caused by pirazolac and diclofenac sodium: a
      double-blind crossover study.
AB  - A study was carried out in 10 healthy subjects to compare the faecal blood loss
      caused by pirazolac, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and diclofenac
      sodium, using chromium51-labelled red blood cells. After 1 week on placebo,
      subjects received at random either 200 mg pirazolac 3-times daily or 50 mg
      diclofenac sodium 3-times daily for 7 days. They were then crossed over to the
      alternative medication for a further 7 days, preceded and followed by 1 week on
      placebo. Stool samples were collected and bulked for each day and total blood
      loss over 14 days (7 days on treatment and 7 days immediately after) was
      calculated for each period. The results showed that both drugs caused a greater
      blood loss than that measured in the placebo run-in period, and diclofenac sodium
      caused significantly greater blood loss than did pirazolac. Three subjects
      reported gastro-intestinal side-effects during diclofenac sodium treatment but
      there were no reports of any side-effects whilst subjects were receiving
      pirazolac.

PMID- 3875452
TI  - Complement activation products and monocyte migratory function in trauma.

PMID- 3875453
TI  - Morphologic changes in long-term saphenous vein bypass grafts.
AB  - A retrospective autopsy study was performed in 56 patients who had undergone
      saphenous vein bypass graft (SVBG) surgery 12 to 168 months prior to death.
      Twenty-five grafts had atherosclerosis, 66 grafts had fibrointimal proliferation,
      and 26 grafts were fibrotic with total occlusion. No significant differences were
      noted among the three morphologic groups with regard to age of the patient or
      number of native coronary arteries severely narrowed. Vein grafts with
      fibrointimal proliferation occurred with greater frequency in patients with
      systemic hypertension (p less than 0.001), and atherosclerotic grafts were more
      prevalent in patients with hypercholesterolemia (p less than 0.02). Therefore,
      the presence of risk factors may determine the type of change that occurs in
      saphenous vein bypass grafts: systemic hypertension leads to fibrointimal
      proliferation, whereas hypercholesterolemia leads to atherosclerotic change.

PMID- 3875454
TI  - Cardiopulmonary response to inspiratory pressure support during spontaneous
      ventilation vs conventional ventilation.
AB  - Twenty-six patients undergoing coronary bypass graft surgery were randomized in
      two groups. In group 1, 14 patients were subjected to inspiratory pressure
      support during spontaneous ventilation (IPSSV) and 12 patients in group 2 were
      treated with conventional ventilation (CV). The outcome of IPSSV was a definite
      advantage over the conventional ventilation. The patients in IPSSV group needed
      +/- 3 h of pressure support before tracheal extubation. The other patients in CV
      group 2 needed +/- 6 h of mechanical ventilation before being weaned off the
      ventilator.

PMID- 3875455
TI  - The interaction of beta-lactam compounds with chromosomally mediated enzymes:
      relations to the molecular structure.
AB  - The interaction of 25 beta-lactam compounds with both chromosomally mediated beta
      lactamases from Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii was studied by
      enzyme kinetics. All the penams, cephems, and the penem Sch 29482 revealed
      'competitive inhibition' of both enzymes. The penem required a preincubation
      period of approximately 5 min before reaching a state of equilibrium between the
      active and the inactive enzyme. Except for the recently developed compound HR
      810, newer cephalosporins generally exhibited a high affinity for both enzymes.
      Consistent with earlier findings latamoxef, N-formimidoyl thienamycin, aztreonam
      and clavulanic acid showed a time dependent inhibition of the enzyme activity.
      These findings suggest a more complex reaction scheme including a second
      reversible complex. The last-mentioned compounds share one structural property:
      the modification or even the loss of the ring fused to the beta-lactam ring.
      Among these compounds, clavulanic acid exhibited the lowest affinity for the
      enzymes. It seems likely that the affinity of beta-lactam compounds is mainly
      influenced by the nature of the substituents.

PMID- 3875456
TI  - [Survey on the analgesic efficacy of Pansoral gel conducted by 360 dentists on a
      group of 2,000 patients].

PMID- 3875457
TI  - [Extracellular thermostable alpha-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis B7].
AB  - A thermostable alpha-amylase producing bacterium has been isolated from soil and
      identified as Bacillus licheniformis B7. Cultural conditions of this strain for
      alpha-amylase production were studied. The optimum temperature and incubation
      period for enzyme production were 50 degrees C and 7 days respectively. Starch
      with a concentration of 2.5% was the best carbon source for enzyme production.
      Besides the above conditions, the addition of 0.05% FeCl3 X 6H2O, 0.6% yeast
      extract, 0.35% peptone, 0.2% Na-citrate and 0.008% CaCl2 X 2H2O to the growth
      medium produced maximum enzyme activity. The alpha-amylase produced by this
      strain showed maximal activity at 90 degrees C and pH 9.0.

PMID- 3875458
TI  - Retinoid toxicity.
AB  - The long-term effects of N-ethylretinamide (NER) on the haematology of the rat,
      and the dose-related effects of retinoids on lymphoid organs of the mouse and rat
      were investigated. Retinoid-induced long-bone changes were used to develop a
      method for quantifying skeletal effects. This technique was used to investigate
      the activity of five retinamides in inducing long-bone changes in the rat. The
      ability of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds (NSAICs) to prevent retinoid
      induced skeletal effects was examined, and preliminary investigations made into
      the mechanisms of retinoid-induced long-bone remodelling. NER-fed rats had
      reduced red blood cell counts and fibrinogen values. Retinoids caused dose
      related proliferation of the spleen and lymph nodes in the mouse and to a lesser
      extent in the rat. They induced dose-related reductions in femoral diaphysis and
      medullary cavity diameters in both rats and mice. Aspirin prevented NER-induced
      changes of rat long bones, but subsequent studies indicated this effect may be
      closely dependent on the dose level of both the retinoid and NSAIC administered.
      Retinoids induce rapid long-bone remodelling in the rat which tends to revert on
      feeding a control diet, but remodelling processes are different in the young
      growing rat and the mature animal.

PMID- 3875459
TI  - Provision of abortion services in the United States.
AB  - According to abortion statistics collected by the Centers for Disease Control,
      between 1.3 and 1.6 million legal abortions were performed in the United States
      in 1981. The number of abortions performed each year appears to have plateaued.
      This brief paper summarizes recent trends in the provision of abortion services
      and describes the demographic characteristics of women who undergo legal
      abortions in the United States. Women who obtain abortions tend to be young,
      white, unmarried, and early in their reproductive careers. Most abortions are
      performed by suction curettage in the first trimester of pregnancy. The majority
      of women who obtain abortions do so in their state of residence, and non-hospital
      facilities have emerged as the principal providers of abortion services in the
      United States.

PMID- 3875460
TI  - Legal abortion in England and Wales.
AB  - Ninety-eight per cent of abortions on British women resident in England or Wales
      are performed for social reasons. The Abortion Act (1967) insists on the opinion
      of two doctors but is broadly phrased and, by allowing that abortion can protect
      mental health, permits abortion when social factors are causing or likely to
      cause significant stress. The abortion rate has been stable at 11-12 per 1000
      women aged 15-44 since 1973, suggesting that factors causing unplanned pregnancy
      are remaining constant for women in the fertile years and that, overall, the
      available facilities are adequate. However, only 49% of women obtain a free
      abortion in the National Health Service (NHS) and there are wide regional
      variations. Serious delays in the NHS are associated with inadequate access to
      pregnancy tests, attitudes of medical staff to abortion, and gynaecological units
      that are fully occupied with other problems. Women can choose to pay for
      abortions in services run either by charities or by commercial organizations.
      These services are used electively by a minority of women but most would prefer
      an NHS abortion if it was easily available. Women who seek help outside the NHS
      receive prompt and efficient management.

PMID- 3875461
TI  - Mortality due to abortion at Kenyatta National Hospital, 1974-1983.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 95 deaths due to abortion at the Kenyatta National
      Hospital between 1974 and 1983 showed that the average death rate over the 10
      year period was high: nearly three deaths per 1000 abortion admissions. The mean
      hospital stay was 12 days. Of the 95 abortions 76 (80%) were induced or were
      likely to have been induced. Septic abortion with its complications accounted for
      97.4% of the deaths from induced abortion. Among the deaths from spontaneous
      abortion, 52.6% were due to haemorrhagic shock compared to 47.4% due to sepsis.
      In this study 76.9% of the deaths occurred among women who were widowed, divorced
      or unmarried. Adolescents (age 19 or younger) accounted for 23 (24.2%) of the
      deaths. In this latter group there was evidence of interference in 22 (95.7%).

PMID- 3875462
TI  - Altered PABA pharmacokinetics in cystic fibrosis. Implications for bentiromide
      test.
AB  - The bentiromide test has been proposed as a useful noninvasive method for
      assessing exocrine pancreatic function in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.
      Following oral administration, this peptide is selectively cleaved by pancreatic
      chymotrypsin liberating PABA which is passively absorbed. Recent studies have
      suggested that PABA measured in plasma is superior to the more established method
      of estimating urinary recovery of this marker. However, in using the plasma test
      in CF patients, one makes the assumption that the PABA marker has similar
      distribution and elimination patterns in normal and CF subjects. Since many drugs
      display altered pharmacokinetics in CF patients, we studied the disposition of
      PABA following ingestion of free PABA in six controls (age 19-28 years) and 18 CF
      patients (13-18 years; seven steatorrheic and 11 nonsteatorrheic). Elimination of
      T1/2 of PABA was significantly shorter in CF patients (58 +/- 21 min) compared to
      controls (93.5 +/- 28) (P less than 0.005). PABA clearance was similar in the
      control and CF patients (2.99 +/- 1.21 and 3.27 +/- 1.02 ml/min/kg,
      respectively). PABA distribution volume was smaller, although not significantly
      so, than in the controls (268 +/- 107 vs 376 +/- 140 ml/kg). Good correlation was
      found between PABA distribution volume and T1/2 (r = 0.51 P less than 0.02). Our
      simulation data suggest that altered pharmacokinetics of PABA in CF patients
      would cause their PABA levels to be 7% lower than controls at 90 min, 18% at 120
      min, 29% at 150 min, and 38% at 180 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3875463
TI  - Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis in postmenopausal women.
AB  - We reviewed the clinical and histologic features, course and response to therapy
      of 18 postmenopausal women with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (CAH). The
      presentation of these patients was similar to that of younger patients, except
      for the lower incidence of associated autoimmune disease. Nuclear antibodies
      (ANA) were associated with complications, while smooth muscle antibodies (SMA)
      correlated with an uncomplicated course. Steroid therapy appeared to have less
      benefit and greater risk in our patients than in studies of all ages. The
      applicability of results of previous trials demonstrating benefit of
      corticosteroid therapy for CAH to postmenopausal women is questioned.

PMID- 3875464
TI  - Lymphocytotoxic antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - Sera of 30 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and 72 normal subjects
      matched for age and sex were examined for the presence of lymphocytotoxic
      antibodies (LCAs) against B and T cells at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Patients
      were prospectively screened for: Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, Hashimoto's
      thyroiditis, and rheumatoid arthritis, in which LCAs have been described.
      Seventeen patients with PBC (56.6%) had LCAs against B cells as compared with
      only 11 of the 72 normal subjects (P less than 0.001). Five PBC patients (16.6%)
      also reacted against T cells as compared with none in control group (P less than
      0.01). Clinical and biochemical features and the histological stage of PBC were
      similar in patients with and without LCA. Sjogren's syndrome was present in 13
      patients--two with scleroderma and another with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. No
      patient had rheumatoid arthritis. The prevalence of LCAs was similar in PBC
      patients with or without autoimmune associated disease (54% vs 59%). We conclude
      that in PBC a high incidence of LCA is unrelated to the presence of an associated
      disease. LCA in PBC might be a nonspecific marker of an immune disorder.

PMID- 3875465
TI  - Prostaglandin protection of rat colonic mucosa from damage induced by ethanol.
AB  - The effects of pretreatment with 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) on
      ethanol-induced colonic damage were studied in the rat. Colonic damage was
      assessed macroscopically, histologically, and using cytoplasmic (lactate
      dehydrogenase) and lysosomal (acid phosphatase) enzyme markers of cell
      disruption. Intrarectal administration of 30% ethanol produced grossly visible
      regions of hyperemia and hemorrhage. Histologically, the ethanol injury was
      characterized by complete destruction of the surface epithelium and necrosis
      extending throughout most of the mucosal layer. When incubated in vitro after
      challenge with ethanol in vivo, the colons released significantly more acid
      phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase than did controls. Intrarectal pretreatment
      with dmPGE2 caused a dose-dependent reduction in ethanol-induced damage, as
      measured by all three parameters. A significant (P less than 0.05) reduction of
      macroscopically visible damage was observed with 0.2 micrograms/kg dmPGE2, while
      at higher doses (20 micrograms/kg) the histological signs of damage, including
      that to the colonic epithelium, were reduced or completely prevented. This dose
      of dmPGE2 also reduced (P less than 0.01) the release of the enzyme-markers to
      control levels. The possibility that this protection was mediated by increased
      colonic fluid secretion was studied. Pretreatment with dmPGE2 had no effect on
      net colonic fluid secretion (measured using the nonabsorbable marker [3H]inulin)
      or on the absorption of ethanol by the colon. This study demonstrates that
      intrarectal administration of dmPGE2 can protect the colonic mucosa from damage
      induced by direct application of a potent topical irritant. With the highest dose
      of dmPGE2 tested (20 micrograms/kg), protection of the colonic epithelium from
      ethanol injury was observed.

PMID- 3875466
TI  - [Computer analysis of internal homology in the precursor of epidermal growth
      factor: detection of coerphins--a second independent family of homologous
      peptides].

PMID- 3875467
TI  - [Origins of the centrifugal innervation of the main olfactory bulb in the frog
      Rana temporaria: combined histochemical research].

PMID- 3875468
TI  - Comment: Cimetidine kinetics in neonate.

PMID- 3875469
TI  - [Osteocalcin, a marker in diseases with elevated bone metabolism].
AB  - Osteocalcin is synthesized by osteoblasts and its concentration in serum is
      increased when bone metabolism is raised. Radioimmunoassay of serum from 88
      healthy adults gave a mean osteocalcin value for the whole group of 4.11 +/- 1.43
      ng/ml. The level rose with age. In seven patients with primary
      hyperparathyroidism the mean value was markedly raised to 19.37 +/- 9.2 ng/ml, in
      23 with metastasizing carcinoma of the breast it was elevated to 6.57 +/- 2.98
      ng/ml. Serial measurements in 14 female patients over seven months revealed
      different changes in osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase in some of them. In
      patients with breast cancer and soft-tissue metastases or without metastases both
      osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase levels were normal. Three of 17 patients
      with multiple myeloma had increased osteocalcin levels. These results indicate
      that it is clinically helpful to know osteocalcin levels in primary
      hyperparathyroidism. Determination of osteocalcin concentration, in addition to
      that of alkaline phosphatase, can be of value in the postmastectomy management of
      patients with breast cancer, especially in the early recognition of bone
      metastases. The diagnostic value of osteocalcin levels in multiple myeloma
      remains undecided.

PMID- 3875470
TI  - [Bacterial infection of an Ionescu-Shiley bioprosthesis. Morphologic studies].
AB  - Bacterial inflammation associated with artificial cardiac valves is a rare
      complication after valve replacement but is burdened with a high lethality.
      Whereas in the case of mechanical valves the infection involves the body's own
      tissues, bacterial colonisation of valves made of prepared biological material
      can also occur. The morphology of the bacterial inflammation was examined in a
      case of early postoperative endocarditis. Although the bacterial infection in the
      paravalvular tissues resulted in a purulent inflammation, the Ionescu-Shiley
      bovine bioprosthesis remained free of inflammatory cells despite extensive
      vegetative bacterial growth.

PMID- 3875471
TI  - [Heterosexual transmission of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)].
AB  - A man who, only in 1979 and on a few occasions, had homosexual contacts,
      transmitted AIDS virus HTLV-III in 1980 and 1981 to two previously healthy women
      who did not belong to any AIDS risk group. One of them now has an early form of
      AIDS, while the other died of AIDS in its full form and her child, born in 1983,
      has fairly far progressed early symptoms of AIDS. Serum antibodies against HTLV
      III were demonstrated in all four subjects.

PMID- 3875472
TI  - In vitro activity of temocillin against gram-negative clinical isolates.
AB  - 120 consecutive clinical isolates of various species of Enterobacteriaceae and 30
      consecutive clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae (including 5 which
      produced beta-lactamase) were assessed for susceptibility to temocillin using a
      broth microdilution technique and both 'light' (10(3) CFU/ml) and 'heavy' (10(6)
      CFU/ml) inocula. At the lighter inoculum, 90% of the Enterobacteriaceae were
      inhibited by temocillin at a concentration of 4 mg/L. 90% of the H. influenzae
      were similarly inhibited at a concentration of 0.5 mg/L, and no differences were
      observed between producers and non-producers of beta-lactamase. At the heavier
      inoculum, a significant inoculum effect was observed: minimum inhibitory
      concentrations (MICs) increased up to 128-fold for H. influenzae and somewhat
      less than that for the Enterobacteriaceae. Klebsiella pneumoniae was least
      affected by inoculum, showing only a 2- to 4-fold increase in the MIC. It is
      concluded that temocillin is active in vitro against the species tested and
      warrants further clinical trial.

PMID- 3875473
TI  - The place of temocillin in the treatment of hospital infections.
AB  - Infection due to Gram-negative bacteria continues to be a common problem in the
      hospital environment, for which a wide variety of antibiotics is available. Among
      Enterobacteria, resistance is expressed most commonly via beta-lactamases.
      Temocillin is the first penicillin to show stability to beta-lactamases of Gram
      negative bacteria, therefore it is in this type of infection that the initial
      assessments of temocillin should be made.

PMID- 3875474
TI  - Beta-lactamase stability of temocillin.
AB  - The stability of temocillin to 12 different beta-lactamase preparations was
      studied using high pressure liquid chromatography and was compared with that of
      aztreonam, cefotetan and cefotaxime. Temocillin was the most stable beta-lactam
      examined, being as stable as cefotetan to most of the beta-lactamases tested.
      However, cefotetan was hydrolysed at measurable rates by the beta-lactamase of
      Enterobacter cloacae P99, in contrast to temocillin which was completely stable
      to this enzyme. Aztreonam was hydrolysed at a slow rate by many of the
      preparations, being especially labile to the enzyme from Klebsiella oxytoca K1.
      Cefotaxime was hydrolysed at varying rates by all the preparations.

PMID- 3875475
TI  - The activity of temocillin against Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas and
      Haemophilus influenzae.
AB  - The in vitro antimicrobial activity of temocillin against 130 strains of
      Enterobacteriaceae and 27 strains of Pseudomonas and other related Gram-negative
      organisms was compared with carbenicillin, mezlocillin and piperacillin.
      Temocillin was compared with ampicillin against 76 strains of Haemophilus
      influenzae. More than 90% of Enterobacteriaceae including 65 carbenicillin
      resistant strains were inhibited by 8 mg/L of temocillin. Pseudomonas spp. were
      less susceptible to temocillin than to the other 3 penicillins. 35 out of 38
      strains of beta-lactamase-producing H. influenzae were inhibited by 2 mg/L of
      temocillin. But with 38 ampicillin-sensitive and non-beta-lactamase-producing
      ampicillin-resistant strains, temocillin was slightly less active than
      ampicillin. There was no significant enhancement of temocillin activity by
      clavulanic acid against 20 strains of Gram-negative rods producing characterised
      beta-lactamases. The resistance to plasmid-mediated and chromosomal beta
      lactamase extracts was also studied by bioassay method. No enzyme extracts tested
      could hydrolyse temocillin except that from one Flavobacterium strain.

PMID- 3875476
TI  - Bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of penicillins at constant and variable
      concentrations.
AB  - Temocillin, the first beta-lactamase stable penicillin which is active against
      Gram-negative bacteria, was shown to be much more potent than ampicillin,
      piperacillin and mezlocillin against most species of Enterobacteriaceae. All
      isolates of Escherichia coli producing TEM 1, TEM 2 or OXA 1 beta-lactamases were
      sensitive to temocillin. When the prolonged kinetics of elimination of temocillin
      were simulated in an in vitro system, more rapid killing and less regrowth
      occurred as compared with penicillins with more rapid elimination.

PMID- 3875477
TI  - Temocillin. In vitro activity compared with other antibiotics.
AB  - Temocillin is a recently developed penicillin with a methoxy group in the 6-alpha
      position. The in vitro activity of temocillin was studied using 932 recent
      clinical isolates of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli and Gram
      positive cocci, and its activity was compared with that of other beta-lactam
      antibiotics. Temocillin was active against the Enterobacteriaceae, with narrow
      ranges of MICs and MIC90 values (less than or equal to 8 mg/L) for all isolates
      except Serratia marcescens and Enterobacter species. Moreover, the compound was
      active against 46 multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae strains. The drug was also
      strongly active against Haemophilus influenzae, with beta-lactamase-producing
      strains being as susceptible as non-beta-lactamase-producing strains. Temocillin
      showed no useful activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter or Gram
      positive cocci, and had only discrete activity against the Bacteroides fragilis
      group. In general, temocillin displayed the same spectrum of activity against
      Enterobacteriaceae as third generation cephalosporins, but with a substantially
      lower intrinsic activity.

PMID- 3875478
TI  - [Facial cellulitis in children].

PMID- 3875479
TI  - Hexokinase in human chorionic villi.
AB  - The level, intracellular distribution, and isozymic pattern of hexokinase (EC
      2.7.1.1) were determined on human chorionic villi obtained by trophoblast biopsy
      in the first trimester of pregnancy. About 50% of total hexokinase activity was
      found to be particle-bound and 96% of this in the overt form (i.e. assayable
      without the addition of detergents). Both soluble and particulate hexokinase show
      the same affinities for glucose but differ in the affinity for MgATP2- and in
      their sensitivity to glucose 1,6-diphosphate inhibition. By chromatographic and
      kinetic methods the soluble hexokinase was found to be represented by isozymes I,
      II and traces of hexokinase III while most of the bound enzyme was hexokinase
      type I. These results provide evidence for the expression of at least three
      hexokinase isozymes in early human development and can partially explain the high
      rate of glucose utilization of the placenta.

PMID- 3875480
TI  - Stage-dependent changes in steroidogenic enzymes and estrogen receptors during
      spermatogenesis in the testis of the dogfish, Squalus acanthias.
AB  - In the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), germ cells and adjacent steroidogenic
      elements are topographically segregated within the testis according to stage of
      development. In the experiments reported here, we have taken advantage of this
      favorable anatomical arrangement to demonstrate stage-specific variations in
      steroidogenic enzymes and estrogen receptor number. The testes of Squalus
      collected in July-November were sectioned transversely and further subdivided
      into three zones as follows: I) germinal bed plus immature lobules with
      spermatogonia; II) lobules with primary or secondary spermatocytes; III) lobules
      with spermatids or mature spermatozoa. The morphology of these zones was verified
      by light microscopy and, in a separate study, by electron microscopy. Through the
      course of spermatogenesis, Sertoli cells increased dramatically in size and in
      the abundance of steroidogenic organelles. By contrast, interstitial tissue was
      sparse in all stages of development, and only relatively undifferentiated Leydig
      like cells were present. Microsomes prepared from each zone were incubated with
      [3H] progesterone, [3H]17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, or [3H]androstenedione to
      evaluate androgen and estrogen biosynthetic potentials. Based on product
      formation, 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C-17,20-lyase activities increased
      progressively from less mature to more mature regions (zone III greater than II
      greater than I), whereas aromatase was greatest in regions undergoing meiosis or
      early spermiogenesis (zone II). These enzymes were not detected in semen,
      although C21 substrates were converted to unidentified polar metabolites in high
      yield. Estrogen receptors were concentrated in immature zones (zone I greater
      than II greater than III), and the percentage of occupied receptors revealed the
      same distribution. Semen and epigonal tissues were receptor negative. We conclude
      that Sertoli cells are responsible for steroidogenesis in Squalus testis and that
      hormone production is keyed to the spermatogenic cycle. The data are consistent
      with an important role for androgens during spermatid maturation and/or after
      sperm release, but reveal that estrogen actions are expressed primarily during
      early spermatogenic stages. This report demonstrates the usefulness of
      unconventional animal models for obtaining new information of general relevance.

PMID- 3875481
TI  - Evidence for the direct transfer of corticosteroid-binding globulin from plasma
      to whey in the guinea pig.
AB  - Two steroid-binding proteins, corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) and
      progesterone-binding globulin (PBG), are known to be present in the milk whey of
      lactating guinea pigs. After injection of radioiodinated CBG into the maternal
      circulation, labeled CBG was found in the milk whey. The labeled whey CBG was
      identical to its plasma counterpart on the basis of size (sucrose gradients,
      Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis),
      charge (DEAE-chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), and
      immunoprecipitability. In contrast, radioiodinated ovalbumin was not transferred
      to the milk. These results demonstrate that the CBG present in guinea pig whey
      results from the direct transfer of CBG from plasma to milk.

PMID- 3875482
TI  - Epidermal growth factor and oncogenes induce transcription of the same cellular
      mRNA in rat fibroblasts.
AB  - We have isolated and sequenced a cloned cDNA corresponding to an mRNA present in
      significantly higher levels in rat cells transformed by polyoma virus, Rous
      sarcoma virus, and the cellular oncogene H-ras than in the normal parental cell
      lines. The mRNA transcript is also rapidly induced by the polypeptide growth
      factor epidermal growth factor, providing a new link between oncogenes and growth
      factors. Both the growth factor and the oncogenes control expression of the
      corresponding gene at the transcriptional level. Our results point to the
      existence of intracellular mechanisms that are common to the action of both
      growth factors and oncogenes.

PMID- 3875483
TI  - The chromosomal location of T-cell receptor genes and a T cell rearranging gene:
      possible correlation with specific translocations in human T cell leukaemia.
AB  - We have examined the chromosomal location of human T cell-specific genes which
      are involved in antigen recognition and of a gene which specifically rearranges
      in T cells. The genes encoding both the variable and constant region segments of
      the T cell receptor alpha chain are found on chromosome 14 while the delta chain
      gene of the T cell receptor-associated T3 complex is localised to chromosome 11.
      Further, the two tandemly arranged T cell-specific rearranging genes, designated
      gamma, were mapped to chromosome 7, but apparently not closely linked to the
      previously mapped T cell receptor beta-chain gene. The locations of the three
      different genes, which undergo rearrangement in T cells, may correlate with the
      chromosomal breakpoints known to be involved in translocations within abnormal
      human T cells.

PMID- 3875484
TI  - Surface-dependent activation of human factor XII (Hageman factor) by kallikrein
      and its light chain.
AB  - In this paper we report the effect of sulfatides on the rate constants of factor
      XII activation by kallikrein and its isolated light chain (the domain of
      kallikrein that contains the active site of the enzyme). In the absence of
      sulfatides, kallikrein and the light chain were equally effective in factor XII
      activation (k1 = 1.57 X 10(3) M-1 s-1 at pH 7.0). The pH optima were the same (pH
      7.0) and the reaction was not affected by variation of the ionic strength.
      Sulfatides strongly increased the rate constants of factor XIIa formation. In the
      presence of sulfatides kallikrein was, however, much more active than its light
      chain. At 330 microM sulfatides, pH 7.0 and 100 mM NaCl the rate constants of
      factor XII activation were 5.34 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 and 4.17 X 10(4) M-1 s-1 for
      kallikrein and its light chain, respectively. The pH optimum of factor XII
      activation by kallikrein in the presence of sulfatides was shifted to pH 6.3, and
      the reaction became highly ionic-strength-dependent. The rate constant increased
      considerably at decreasing NaCl concentrations. The optimum pH for light-chain
      dependent factor XII activation in the presence of sulfatides remained unaltered
      and the reaction was not affected by the ionic strength. Binding studies revealed
      that both kallikrein and factor XII bind to the sulfatide surface, whereas no
      binding of the light chain of kallikrein was detectable. The isolated heavy chain
      of kallikrein had the same binding properties as kallikrein, which indicates that
      the heavy-chain domain contains the functional information for kallikrein binding
      to sulfatides. Since the effects of pH and ionic strength on the rate constants
      of kallikrein-dependent factor XII activation in the presence of sulfatides
      correlated with effects on the binding of kallikrein, it is concluded that under
      these conditions surface-bound factor XII is activated by surface-bound
      kallikrein. Our data suggest that sulfatides stimulate kallikrein-dependent
      factor XII activation by two distinct mechanisms: by making factor XII more
      susceptible to peptide bond cleavage by kallikrein and by promoting the formation
      of the enzyme-substrate complex through surface binding of kallikrein and factor
      XII.

PMID- 3875485
TI  - Polarity of marginal-band microtubules in vertebrate erythrocytes.
AB  - Erythrocytes from three different vertebrate species (bullfrog, mudpuppy, and
      stinkpot) were isolated, and the polarity of the marginal-band microtubules was
      determined using a modification of the method described by Heidemann and McIntosh
      [12]. A considerable part of each marginal band was examined in serial sections
      to see whether any changes in the polarity pattern occurred along the length of
      the band. On the basis of analyses of over 45 marginal bands, the following
      observations were made: (i) different polarity patterns were present within a
      given species; (ii) the polarity pattern seen in one cross-section of the
      marginal band remained the same along its entire length; no evidence for a
      limited zone of overlap was obtained; (iii) centrioles were found in erythrocytes
      from all three species. The data on the polarity patterns and the presence of
      centrioles in erythrocytes are compatible with a model recently proposed for the
      organization of marginal-band microtubules in blood clams that invokes the
      activity of a microtubule organizing center [20]. We suggest that a modification
      of the process of marginal-band formation described in that model can account for
      our observations on the polarity of marginal-band microtubules.

PMID- 3875486
TI  - Effect of long-term oral nifedipine therapy on left ventricular regional wall
      function at rest and during supine bicycle exercise.
AB  - 15 patients, 1 to 3 year after coronary bypass surgery, underwent symptom limited
      supine bicycle exercise tests without nifedipine and after acute and chronic (3
      months) administration of the drug. Haemodynamic variables were monitored as was
      epicardial marker motion, using biplane cineradiography during exercise, the
      markers having been implanted at the time of surgery. We found significant (P
      less than 0.001) reductions in end-diastolic and end-systolic regional dimensions
      at maximal exercise after oral nifedipine, associated with a significant
      reduction in exertional angina, which persisted during long-term treatment. No
      adverse effects of the drug were observed.

PMID- 3875487
TI  - HLA antigens in ovarian adenocarcinoma patients.
AB  - Sixty five patients affected by ovarian carcinoma, 40 controls with benign
      ovarian disease were typed for HLA A, B and C antigens and compared with 132
      adult female blood donors. A highly significant increase in HLA B7 antigen (p =
      0,0083) and a decrease in HLA A11, A28, B12 (p = 0,04; p = 0.03 respectively) in
      patients vs controls has been noticed. The comparison among the ovarian benign
      disease patients, and those with ovarian carcinoma and the healthy controls
      showed a decrease in the HLA A1 antigen frequency. Besides, the patients
      presented an increased and a decreased frequency of the A and O blood phenotypes
      respectively. These data confirm those of other Authors, and we can conclude that
      the neoplastic disease does not show a strong association with histocompatibility
      antigens.

PMID- 3875488
TI  - 11C-2-deoxy-D-glucose: synthesis and preliminary comparison with 11C-D-glucose as
      a tracer for cerebral energy metabolism in PET studies.
AB  - 11C-2-Deoxy-D-glucose has been prepared by the reaction of 11C-hydrogen cyanide
      with a stable precursor, 1-deoxy-2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidine-1-iodo-D-arabitol,
      thereby avoiding the synthesis of starting material immediately prior to
      labeling. Fast, efficient, and reproducible solvent change from dimethyl
      sulfoxide to ether by flash chromatography enabled the use of diisobutylaluminium
      hydride in the reduction of the intermediate nitrile. Hydrolysis of the imine
      aluminum complex with sulfuric acid, removal of the isopropylidine protecting
      groups with formic acid, and HPLC purification with an Aminex HPX-87P column
      yielded 11C-2-deoxy-D-glucose in an aqueous solution, sterile, pyrogen-free, and
      ready for use in human studies. The radiochemical yield was approximately 20%
      after a synthesis time of 50 min. The 11C-2-deoxy-D-glucose thus obtained is
      presently being compared with photosynthetically prepared 11C-D-glucose in PET
      studies of cerebral metabolism. A preliminary report of the regional cerebral
      metabolic rate of glucose obtained with the two tracers in a healthy subject with
      visual stimulation is presented.

PMID- 3875489
TI  - The Zurich Study--a prospective epidemiological study of depressive, neurotic and
      psychosomatic syndromes. IV. Recurrent and nonrecurrent brief depression.
AB  - How common and how significant are brief depressive episodes (BDE) lasting less
      than 2 weeks? The authors propose splitting the BDE into two groups: one
      occurring monthly over 1 year of observation, termed 'recurrent brief depression'
      (RBD), and those occurring less frequently, labeled 'nonrecurrent brief
      depression' (NRBD). From a medical point of view, the RBD are a relevant group.
      Different thresholds of definition are tested, the narrowest of which (including
      occupational impairment and predetermined minimum number of symptoms) is accepted
      for 'case'-definition. The such defined RBD (SYM) group differs from major
      depression only by length and frequency of episodes. In a young cohort, its 1
      year prevalence rate was found to be 4.4% (males 3.9%, females 4.9%). One-third
      of these cases needed treatment, a fourth suffered from pronounced subjective and
      social impairment as well as from persistent suicidal ideation. The self
      reporting of subjective impairment, assessed with the SCL-90 symptom inventory
      and an analog-rating, yields high scores which are in no way inferior to major
      depression diagnosed with RDC, DSM-III or EDE (SYM) criteria. The RBD (SYM)
      demonstrate less hypomania than the major depressive disorders. On the other
      hand, a family history of depression is equally frequent across all groups. The
      validity of the RBD (SYM) group has yet to be confirmed by a follow-up study, and
      further research is needed to delineate it from secondary depression. The
      findings largely support the hypothesis of a continuum from mild and short to
      more severe, longer lasting depressive syndromes, but they do not exclude
      heterogeneity of RBD (Angst and Dobler-Mikola 1984b).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3875490
TI  - Rapid activation of ornithine decarboxylase by mitogenic (but not by
      nonmitogenic) ligands in human T lymphocytes.
AB  - The T cell mitogens, concanavalin A and the monoclonal antibody OKT3, cause a
      rapid activation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in human T
      lymphocytes, maximal within 10 min of mitogen addition. Nonmitogenic ligands to T
      cell surface structures do not induce ODC. The enzyme induction is dependent upon
      an intact mobility of ligand-receptor complex, requires a functioning energy
      metabolism, but is independent of de novo protein synthesis. The early induction
      of pre-existing ODC molecules appears to be specifically linked to the initiation
      of T lymphocyte proliferation.

PMID- 3875491
TI  - Antigen-nonspecific T cell-derived factors in B cell activation: differences in
      the requirements for interleukin 2 in responses of unprimed and primed B cells.
AB  - The requirements for interleukin 2 (IL2) and other T cell-derived helper factors
      in the responses of unprimed and antigen-primed B cells to sheep erythrocytes
      were investigated. Unprimed B cells required both IL2 and additional factor(s),
      hereafter referred to as T cell-replacing factor (TRF), in addition to specific
      antigen, for antibody production. IL2 was required only during the early stages
      (approximately equal to 24 h) of culture while TRF was necessary only after this
      time and was then required throughout the remaining culture period. IL2
      stimulated the appearance of Thy-1+ cells in unprimed "B cell" populations which
      could substitute for the function of IL2, implicating an indirect role, at least
      in part, for IL2 in the TRF assay. Furthermore, in contrast to the results with
      unprimed B cells, primed B cells required only late-acting TRF for optimal
      antibody responses. We suggest that IL2 activates residual T cells or precursors
      of T cells in B cell populations which then function, in the presence of specific
      antigen, to render B cells receptive to T cell-derived factors which promote B
      cell growth and differentiation.

PMID- 3875492
TI  - Antigen stimulation of cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors: minimal requirements
      for growth and acquisition of cytolytic activity.
AB  - Minimal requirements for growth and acquisition of cytolytic activity by
      alloantigen-stimulated cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL-P) have been
      investigated. CTL-P from C57BL/6 spleen were purified by staining with monoclonal
      anti-Lyt-2 antibodies followed by positive selection on a fluorescence-activated
      cell sorter. Microcultures containing 2000 purified Lyt-2+ cells were set up with
      irradiated P815 (DBA/2 mastocytoma) stimulating cells and pure interleukin 2
      obtained by recombinant DNA technology (rIL2). Proliferation and generation of
      antigen-specific cytolytic activity were observed to be both antigen and IL2
      dependent in such microcultures. Furthermore, P815 stimulating cells could be
      replaced by 5 other H-2d cell lines of differing tissue origin. In limiting
      dilution studies, 1-2% of Lyt-2+ CTL-P (contaminated by less than 0.2%
      macrophages) could be induced to grow and express cytolytic activity in the
      presence of irradiated P815 and rIL2. Taken together, these data indicate that
      neither accessory cells nor differentiation factors (other than IL2) are
      absolutely required for alloantigen-induced growth and differentiation of CTL-P.

PMID- 3875493
TI  - Differential response of lymphocytes to free and sepharose-linked anti
      immunoglobulin during different phases of the cell cycle.
AB  - During proliferation induced by anti-immunoglobulins, B lymphocytes undergo cell
      volume increases prior to onset of DNA synthesis. Although both Sepharose-linked
      and free anti-immunoglobulin evoked essentially identical increases in cell
      volume, the Sepharose-linked antibody induced a significantly greater DNA
      synthesis than free antibody as judged from [3H]thymidine incorporation studies
      using mass cell culture technique, as well as by using autoradiographic analysis
      of individual cells. These findings are considered in terms of possible
      differences in triggering cell volume increases and DNA synthesis by free and
      linked anti-immunoglobulin and/or the possible existence of B cell subpopulations
      responding differentially to free and to linked antibody.

PMID- 3875494
TI  - Synthesis of docosahexaenoyl-, arachidonoyl- and palmitoyl-coenzyme A in ocular
      tissues.
AB  - The synthesis of long-chain acyl coenzyme A (CoA) was studied in the cornea,
      lens, vitreous, retina and pigment epithelium (PE) in the rat using [14C]-labeled
      palmitic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids as substrates. Except for retina
      and PE, the ocular tissues studied showed relatively little enzyme activity with
      the fatty acid substrates. In addition, the enzyme activities were studied in
      homogenates and microsomal fractions from retina, pigment epithelial cells and
      choroid of frog, bovine and human eyes. Long-chain acyl CoA synthetase from the
      microsomal fraction exhibited three- to fivefold greater activity than
      homogenates in retina and PE. The enzyme activity was highest with palmitic acid,
      followed by arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. There were significant
      differences in enzyme activity between the species. The apparent Km (microM) and
      Vmax [nmol min-1 (mg protein)-1] values for the enzyme in bovine retinal
      microsomes were 7.91 +/- 0.39 (S.E.) and 21.6 +/- 1.04, respectively, for
      palmitic acid substrate and 5.88 +/- 0.25 and 4.58 +/- 0.21, respectively, for
      docosahexaenoic acid substrate. These values for bovine pigment epithelial
      microsomes were 13.0 +/- 0.27 and 36.9 +/- 1.18, respectively, for palmitic acid
      and 15.8 +/- 0.40 and 13.2 +/- 0.56, respectively, for docosahexaenoic acid. The
      synthesis of acyl CoA may play a central role in controlling the availability of
      free arachidonic acid for eicosanoid formation and in the retention of
      polyunsaturated fatty acid families (18:2, n-6 and 18:3, n-3) within cells of
      ocular tissues, particularly retina and retinal PE.

PMID- 3875495
TI  - Two antigenically different types of colony-stimulating activities in sera of
      patients with aplastic anemia.
AB  - Sera obtained from seven normal volunteers and 11 patients with aplastic anemia
      were assayed for two types of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) using monolayer
      agar cultures containing human unfractionated and monocyte-depleted bone marrow
      cells. Sera obtained from normal volunteers had low CSA for unfractionated bone
      marrow cells and no CSA for monocyte-depleted bone marrow cells. On the other
      hand, sera obtained from patients with aplastic anemia (patients' sera) had
      moderate CSA for both unfractionated and monocyte-depleted bone marrow cells. The
      patients' serum CSA titer for unfractionated bone marrow cells rose markedly with
      the addition of a small amount of diluted control rabbit serum (control serum)
      into the CSA assay system, while it did not rise with addition of the same amount
      of diluted rabbit antiserum against partially purified human urinary colony
      stimulating factor (CSF) (antiserum). The patients' serum CSA titer for monocyte
      depleted human bone marrow cells rose with the addition of control serum as well
      as antiserum. These findings indicate that the addition of rabbit serum enhances
      colony formation by human bone marrow cells in the presence of aplastic anemia
      sera as a source of CSA, and that sera of patients with aplastic anemia contain
      two antigenically different types of CSA: one that is active on human
      unfractionated bone marrow cells and partially neutralized by the addition of
      antiserum, and another that is active on human monocyte-depleted bone marrow
      cells and is not neutralized by the addition of antiserum.

PMID- 3875496
TI  - Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity in the serum of estriol
      treated mice.
AB  - Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity (GM-CSA) in mouse serum was
      examined after a single intraperitoneal injection with 10 mg estriol (E3). GM-CSA
      was detectable as early as 6 h after E3 administration and reached a peak by 24
      h. Elevation of GM-CSA in the serum was maintained for at least 30 days. Using
      0.1-10 mg of E3 there was a dose-dependent increase in serum GM-CSA when tested
      24 h after E3 treatment. The majority of GM-CSA was adsorbed onto Concanavalin A
      Sepharose 4B and was eluted by 0.2 M methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside, suggesting
      its glycoprotein nature. When E3-treated mouse serum was applied onto Sephacryl S
      300 without any pretreatment, GM-CSA was detected as a sharp single peak with an
      apparent molecular weight of 440,000 daltons. When GM-CSA was treated with
      neuraminidase, however, and then applied to Sepharose CL-6B under disaggregating
      conditions (6 M guanidine HCl), the minimum molecular weight of the active
      component was estimated as 13,000 daltons.

PMID- 3875497
TI  - Biologic effects of in vitro X-irradiation of murine long-term bone marrow
      cultures on the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors.
AB  - The production of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) by murine long-term bone marrow
      culture (LTBMC) was studied by a technique involving measurement of colony
      formation in agar overlay by fresh marrow target cells. Colonies were removed and
      microscopically examined for morphology and histochemistry. LTBMCs were exposed
      to x-irradiation at 200 rad/min prior to the overlay. Nonirradiated control
      LTBMCs induced 51.5 +/- 11 granulocyte-macrophage colonies per 2 X 10(5) target
      cells. Irradiation of LTBMCs to 6000 rad revealed a six-fold plateau-maximum
      increase in the number of colonies. There was occasional appearance of
      macroscopic mixed colonies containing granulocytes, macrophages, and
      megakaryocytes over irradiated but not control LTBMCs. Irradiated cells in the
      adherent stromal layer of LTBMCs continuously produced CSF that was detectable in
      the cell-free supernatants for up to seven weeks after irradiation and after
      doses as high as 10,000 rad. Shielding of the x-ray beam over half of the culture
      surface by a 10-half-value-layer lead block produced increased colony formation
      by target cells near the exposed surface area. The data indicate that CSF
      production by adherent cells within LTBMC persists after supralethal doses of x
      irradiation. The mechanism of the increased colony formation by target cells
      overlaid on irradiated stromal cells involves factors relative to the local
      microenvironment.

PMID- 3875498
TI  - On the role of vestibulo-ocular reflex plasticity in recovery after unilateral
      peripheral vestibular lesions.
AB  - Although adaptive plasticity is a well-known feature of the vestibulo-ocular
      reflex (VOR), deficits in VOR performance after unilateral labyrinthectomy are
      poorly compensated in a large percentage of cats. To assess whether VOR plastic
      capabilities are affected by labyrinthectomy, forced oscillation in front of a
      patterned surround was imposed in unilaterally labyrinthectomized cats. This
      experimental paradigm has been shown to be very effective in inducing adaptive
      VOR gain changes in intact animals. We demonstrate that plasticity of VOR gain is
      still present both in acute and chronic stages following vestibular lesions. By
      contrast, forced oscillation did not significantly alter the lesion-induced
      asymmetry of responses. We conclude that VOR gain control mechanisms are not used
      to their fullest possible extent in a large percentage of animals suffering
      unilateral vestibular damage.

PMID- 3875499
TI  - Modulation of human velocity storage sampled during intermittently-illuminated
      optokinetic stimulation.
AB  - When a stationary human subject is suddenly exposed to constant-velocity full
      field optokinetic stimulation, slow-phase eye velocity rapidly approaches
      stimulus velocity without the gradual build-up ("velocity storage") readily seen
      in other species. Subsequent to extinguishing illumination, the presence of
      velocity storage is suggested by the persistence of a gradually-declining
      component of optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN). In the past, characterizing
      modulation of velocity storage has been tedious. It is now shown that such
      modulation can be characterized by periodic "sampling" of OKAN using
      "intermittently-illuminated" optokinetic stimuli (light-on: 9.7 s; darkness: 2
      s). Six subjects viewed an intermittently-illuminated optokinetic drum turning
      with a square wave angular velocity profile of 60 deg/s peak amplitude and 0.01
      Hz frequency. The resulting modulation of velocity storage was approximately
      exponential with time constant, T = 5-11 s, and asymptote, A = 10-17 deg/s. A
      significant negative correlation was observed between T and A values. In a given
      subject, T and A values agreed (generally within +/- 20%) with values obtained
      employing previously-used methods, suggesting that velocity storage behaved
      linearly during periodic optokinetic stimuli of less than 60 deg/s. The new
      method of sampling OKAN permits the use of arbitrary stimulus profiles required
      to observe, or to confidently predict, velocity storage response during natural
      behavioural movements, which was not feasible with older methods. Sampling also
      increases the ease and speed (roughly three-fold) of data acquisition.

PMID- 3875500
TI  - Post-suppression vestibulo-ocular reflex in man: visual and non-visual
      mechanisms.
AB  - The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) was intermittently suppressed by fixating a
      head-fixed target (light on: 9 s; darkness: 2 s) during whole-body (60-100 deg/s
      peak; 0.01-0.17 Hz) sinusoidal and triangular oscillation about the vertical axis
      for about 2 min. Eye movements associated with intervals of darkness at different
      phases of body oscillation were stimulus-locked averaged, thereby estimating the
      "post-suppression VOR". The gain ( (eye velocity)/(head velocity) ) of the post
      suppression VOR was generally 26-50% of the normal gain in maintained darkness.
      During sinusoidal body oscillation, the phase lead of the post-suppression VOR
      equalled or, at low frequencies, appeared to exceed the normal lead in maintained
      darkness. When the light was permanently extinguished after 2 min of intermittent
      suppression, an initially reduced VOR rapidly (e.g., 0.4 s) appeared and required
      6-30 s to build up to normal again. These observations indicated that visual
      suppression of the VOR dissipated in darkness with rapid and slow components.
      During 0.17 Hz, 60 deg/s sinusoidal oscillation, the rapid (perhaps visual)
      component was responsible for 1/3, and the slow (perhaps non-visual) component
      for 2/3, of all suppressive effects.

PMID- 3875502
TI  - Peripheral nerve grafts to the frog optic tectum: a morphological study of the
      axon reaction in trigeminal motor and sensory neurons.
AB  - The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve was severed and the proximal stump
      was grafted onto the optic tectum in adult Rana pipiens. The resultant changes
      occurring in the cell bodies of origin in the ipsilateral trigeminal motor and
      mesencephalic nuclei were studied qualitatively and quantitatively. Nucleolar,
      nuclear, and somal cross-sectional areas increased in size significantly
      approximately 3 days after surgery and peaked at 6 weeks postsurgery. This
      swelling, in which the nucleolus was most severely affected, gradually reversed
      itself and disappeared by 24 weeks after surgery. Despite the cell enlargement,
      cytoplasmic basophilia was maintained or even slightly increased. These
      morphologic changes suggest a strong anabolic reaction. Two differences were
      found between the motoneurons and the sensory neurons. First, the morphometric
      cell changes occurred at a faster rate in neurons of the trigeminal motor nucleus
      than in those of the mesencephalic nucleus. The time course of the motoneuron
      response correlated well with that of axonal regeneration from the nerve graft.
      Second, there was a delayed loss of mesencephalic nucleus cells between 12 and 24
      weeks after surgery, whereas cells of the trigeminal motor nucleus were
      maintained at all survival times studied. Taken together with sensory cell loss
      in the trigeminal ganglion, this suggests a greater viability of regenerating
      motoneurons.

PMID- 3875501
TI  - Effect of pyridoxine deficiency on aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in adult
      rat brain.
AB  - We have investigated the effect of pyridoxine deficiency on aromatic L-amino acid
      decarboxylase (AADC) using both dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and 5
      hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) as substrates in the rat brain. The activity ratios of
      DOPA decarboxylase/5HTP decarboxylase measured under optimal substrate and
      cofactor concentrations were different in the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, corpus
      striatum and hypothalamus of the normal rat. In pyridoxine deficiency, there were
      no parallel decreases in DOPA and 5HTP decarboxylase activities in various brain
      regions. Dialysis of brain homogenates, in the presence and absence of
      hydroxylamine, resulted in a total or near total loss of 5HTP decarboxylase
      activity compared to DOPA decarboxylase activity, indicating that pyridoxal
      phosphate may be more tightly bound to DOPA decarboxylase than to 5HTP
      decarboxylase. These results, indicating that pyridoxine deficiency has
      differential effects on the activity of AADC, are consistent with our earlier
      observation of non-parallel changes in dopamine and serotonin content in various
      brain regions of the pyridoxine-deficient rat.

PMID- 3875503
TI  - Environmental influence on shape of the crystalline lens: the amphibian example.
AB  - Amphibians are faced with the problem of adapting to aerial vision when
      undergoing metamorphosis. The rate and extent of ocular change has been examined
      in five species with widely varying life histories. Ocular effects and in
      particular lens shape changes were determined from measurements of gross anatomy
      at various metamorphic stages using a freeze-sectioning technique. In addition,
      refractive states were measured retinoscopically in air and water where possible.
      All larval animals have the ocular structure and optics typical of teleost fish.
      Adults show varying levels of adaptation to aerial vision, depending on the
      degree of departure from an aquatic style of behavior. In certain cases the
      spherical aquatic shape of the lens is maintained while in others, lens shape is
      altered markedly to a flattened elliptical form. Histological study indicates
      that change in lens shape is brought about by a rapid increase of mitotic
      activity of equatorial epithelial cells at critical periods during metamorphosis.

PMID- 3875504
TI  - Influence of smooth muscle myosin conformation on myosin light chain kinase
      binding and on phosphorylation.
AB  - Conventional smooth muscle myosin preparations contain a tightly bound myosin
      light chain kinase activity, which is incompletely removed by gel filtration at
      high ionic strength. We show here that by contrast, this kinase activity is
      released, together with calmodulin, under conditions in which myosin is in the
      folded configuration. The conformation-related release of kinase occurred for
      dephosphorylated myosin in both the presence and absence of ATP and Ca2+. Binding
      of kinase to extended phosphorylated myosin was relatively weaker than to
      dephosphorylated myosin, but was nonetheless detected. The kinetic consequences
      of this binding behaviour were determined by measuring initial myosin
      phosphorylation rates as a function of KCl concentration. Rate optima occurred at
      60 mM KCl and 300 mM KCl, conditions favouring respectively stable filaments and
      stable extended monomers. Phosphorylation of the folded monomer was uniformly
      slow at low KCl concentrations. The folded myosin monomer is thus a relatively
      poor substrate for the kinase, and is therefore unlikely to represent an analog
      of the relaxed crossbridge configuration in myosin filaments.

PMID- 3875505
TI  - Action of a cytotoxin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on human leukemic cell lines.
      Increase in cell permeability to Ca2+ and Mn2+ and lack of stimulation of
      inositol lipid turnover.
AB  - Quin2 loaded human leukemic, JURKAT and K562 cells, were exposed to various doses
      of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxin. This cytotoxin induced an increase in quin2
      fluorescence indicating an increase in the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration.
      The rate of the fluorescence increase and the lag time before the response were
      dependent on the doses of the cytotoxin. Addition of MnCl2 to the cytotoxin
      treated cells induced a decrease in the quin2 fluorescence at rates dependent on
      the doses of the cytotoxin. The cytotoxin did not stimulate the inositol lipid
      turnover in JURKAT cells, which was determined by the accumulation of
      [3H]inositol phosphates in myo-[2-3H]inositol-prelabeled cells in the presence of
      LiCl. These results indicate that the cytotoxin increases cell permeability to
      both Ca2+ and Mn2+ by direct breakdown of the permeability barrier of the plasma
      membrane.

PMID- 3875506
TI  - [Current problems of obstetrical hemorrhages].

PMID- 3875507
TI  - [Stomatological aspects of prolonged anticoagulant therapy in heart disease].

PMID- 3875508
TI  - Familial pemphigus vulgaris.
AB  - A case of familial pemphigus vulgaris is described in an uncle and his niece who
      developed the disease 18 years apart. The man died from pemphigus in 1964. The
      diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically in both cases, but immunofluorescent
      microscopic studies were performed only in the woman because the technique was
      not available in 1964. HLA typing in the woman and her daughter and sister showed
      A 26, BW 38 and DRW 4 in all of them. Clinical disease did not develop in the
      other family members.

PMID- 3875509
TI  - Suppression of lymphocyte activation by plasma lipoproteins: modulation by cell
      number and type.
AB  - Plasma lipoproteins containing apolipoproteins B and E, as well as delipidated
      water-soluble apoE, suppress lymphocyte activation by polyclonal T cell mitogens
      in vitro. This report establishes that apoB100, isolated from human plasma LDL,
      also suppresses lymphocyte activation. Prereplicative mitogen-induced events as
      well as DNA synthesis and cell division are suppressed. A number of experimental
      variables influence the extent to which lipoproteins suppress lymphocyte
      activation. Lipoproteins isolated from different donors vary widely in
      suppressive potency. In addition, the extent of suppression depends on the
      cultured cell density: suppression at fixed concentration of lipoprotein or
      apolipoprotein decreases as the number of cells increases. When the total number
      of cells per culture and the suppressor concentration are both fixed, the extent
      of suppression decreases as the percent T cells or monocytes increases. In the
      lymphatic tissue where lymphocytes and accessory cells are concentrated, plasma
      lipoproteins may play a less important immunoregulatory role in normolipidemic
      subjects compared to that in subjects with hyperlipoproteinemia, particularly
      hypercholesterolemia, since the tissue concentration of lipoproteins in
      hyperlipidemic subjects is likely to be elevated.

PMID- 3875510
TI  - Epidermal growth factor inhibits morphogenesis and cell differentiation in
      cultured mouse embryonic teeth.
AB  - Although local epithelial-mesenchymal tissue interactions which are presumably
      mediated by extracellular matrix molecules are important regulators of tooth
      morphogenesis and differentiation, our studies have indicated that these
      developmental processes also depend on circulating molecules. The iron-carrying
      serum protein transferrin is necessary for the early morphogenesis of mouse tooth
      in organ culture (A-M. Partanen, I. Thesleff, and P. Ekblom, 1984,
      Differentiation 27, 59-66). In the present study we have examined the effects of
      other growth factors on mouse tooth germs grown in a chemically defined medium
      containing transferrin. Fibroblast growth factor and platelet derived growth
      factor had no detectable effects but epidermal growth factor (EGF) inhibited
      dramatically the morphogenesis of teeth, and prevented odontoblast and ameloblast
      cell differentiation. EGF stimulated cell proliferation in the explants measured
      as [3H]thymidine incorporation in DNA. However, when the distribution of dividing
      cells was visualized in autoradiographs, it was observed that cell proliferation
      was stimulated in the dental epithelium but was inhibited in the dental
      mesenchyme. The inhibition of cell proliferation in the dental mesenchyme
      apparently caused the inhibition of morphogenesis. We do not know whether the
      dental epithelium or mesenchyme was the primary target for the action of EGF in
      the inhibition of morphogenesis. It is, however, apparent that the response of
      the dental mesenchymal cells to EGF (inhibition of proliferation) is regulated by
      their local environment, since EGF enhanced proliferation when these cells were
      disaggregated and cultured as monolayers. This indicates that the organ culture
      system where the various embryonic cell lineages are maintained in their original
      environment corresponds better to the in vivo situation when the roles of
      exogenous growth factors during development are examined.

PMID- 3875511
TI  - A particular subset of HLA-DR4 accounts for all or most of the DR4 association in
      type I diabetes.
AB  - Two human T-lymphocyte clones, derived from a mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) with
      stimulating cells from a type I diabetic patient, define a subset of HLA-DR4,
      tentatively called "DR4S." In testing of 69 random type I diabetic subjects and
      69 random controls, 79% (37/47) of DR4-positive patients, but only 44% (8/18) of
      DR4-positive controls, had DR4S (P less than 0.01). The relative risk of type I
      diabetes for DR4S+ individuals was 8.8, while that for DR4+ DR4S- individuals was
      only 1.0. Thus, in the population tested, DR4S accounts for all or most of the
      increased frequency of HLA-DR4 in type I diabetes.

PMID- 3875512
TI  - Anti-Ro antibody in mothers of dyslexic children.

PMID- 3875513
TI  - Incidence of neural-tube defects in southern Finland from 1970 to 1983.

PMID- 3875514
TI  - In vitro protection of amphibian gastric mucosa by nutrient HCO3- against aspirin
      injury.
AB  - The effects of luminal aspirin [acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)] at luminal pH 4.5 and
      pH 3.0 on Ussing chambered amphibian gastric fundic and antral mucosae were
      investigated using different concentrations of HCO3- ([HCO3-]) in the nutrient
      solution in histamine-stimulated or metiamide-treated tissues. The severe surface
      cell and oxyntic gland injury seen in histamine-stimulated tissues after a 3-h
      exposure to 20 mM ASA at luminal pH 4.5 in HCO3- -free nutrient solution (HEPES)
      was prevented by including 18 mM or 48 mM HCO3- in the nutrient solution. At
      luminal pH 3.0, 48 mM HCO3- in the nutrient solution delayed the histologic
      damage to the surface epithelium and oxyntic glands caused by a 30-min exposure
      to 20 mM luminal ASA, but it afforded no protection to a 60-min exposure. This
      protection of the gastric epithelium by a high nutrient [HCO3-] did not occur in
      metiamide-treated tissues at luminal pH 3.0. Although the injury to antral
      epithelial cells exposed to 20 mM luminal ASA at luminal pH 3.0 or 4.5 was less
      severe than that in fundic mucosae, 48 mM HCO3- in the nutrient solution also
      afforded clear protection in this tissue. A high nutrient [HCO3-] prevented the
      sharp fall in the potential difference observed in fundus exposed to ASA at
      luminal pH 4.5 and delayed the fall in potential difference observed in fundic
      and antral mucosae exposed to ASA at luminal pH 3.0. The high nutrient [HCO3-]
      did not prevent the increase in resistance observed in tissues during ASA
      exposure at luminal pH 4.5 and 3.0. The electrical data reflect not only the
      damaged surface and oxyntic cells caused by ASA, but also the complex effects of
      ASA on active and passive ion transport. We conclude the following: (a) The
      mucosal injury to the fundus and antrum caused by luminal ASA is prevented by 48
      mM HCO3- in the nutrient solution when luminal pH is 3.0 and by 18 mM HCO3- when
      luminal pH is 4.5. Absence of nutrient HCO3- accentuates the injury caused by
      luminal ASA. (b) The luminal pH, concentration, and time of exposure influence
      the depth and severity of ASA injury to the fundic and antral mucosa. (c) The
      electrophysiologic and morphologic changes after ASA exposure are not
      interrelated, due to the complex effects of ASA on the ion transport and
      morphology of the gastric epithelium.

PMID- 3875515
TI  - Controlled comparison of topical anesthetic agents in flexible upper
      gastrointestinal endoscopy.
AB  - Topical anesthetics are generally part of the premedication associated with upper
      gastrointestinal endoscopy. Selection is not usually based on objective criteria.
      We performed a randomized study comparing six anesthetic agents: three sprays
      (Cetacaine, Hurricaine, and 10% Xylocaine spray) and three gargles (2% lidocaine,
      and two combinations of 2% lidocaine diluted 1:1 with mouthwash). Normal
      subjects, experienced in undergoing gastroscopy, underwent repeated upper
      gastrointestinal endoscopic examinations with a 34 F Pentax fiberscope. Topical
      anesthetic was the only premedication used. The parameters evaluated by the
      subjects were taste, effectiveness of anesthesia, and ease of scope passage. At
      the end of the trial each subject ranked the agents in order of preference.
      Although subjects differed in their preference for the different anesthetic
      agents (sometimes significantly), there was no single parameter such as taste,
      degree of anesthesia, or ease of passage of the endoscope that could be
      correlated with overall preference. All agents gave acceptable levels of local
      anesthesia, although there was a distinct subjective preference for spray forms.
      We recommend that if a local anesthetic is used, it should be one of the spray
      formulations. This recommendation is based on safety, the relative ease of
      application, and the lack of profound differences between agents.

PMID- 3875516
TI  - Successful injection sclerotherapy for bleeding duodenal varix in intrahepatic
      portal obstruction.

PMID- 3875517
TI  - Mucosal bridge of the distal esophagus after esophageal variceal sclerotherapy.

PMID- 3875518
TI  - Endoscopic hemostasis: coaptive heating versus laser photocoagulation.

PMID- 3875519
TI  - Therapeutic use of colonoscopy in active diverticular bleeding.

PMID- 3875520
TI  - Ion compartmentalization in frog oocytes as demonstrated by X-ray microanalysis.
AB  - The distributions of K, Na, Mg and Ca within frog ovarian and oviductal oocytes
      were studied by electron probe wavelength dispersive X-ray microanalysis. An
      important heterogeneity could be found both in nuclear and jelly coated oocytes.
      The highest K, Mg and, to a lesser extent, Na concentrations were found in the
      pigmented area of the peripheral cytoplasm. There is a certain correlation
      between the distribution of K and Mg. The concentration of K (but not of Na) in
      the nucleus was higher than that in the non-pigmented cytoplasm. The distribution
      of Ca was rather uniform. The high amounts of K, Na and S determined in the
      oocyte jelly coat seem to have become accumulated by ion-exchange mechanism.
      Oocyte pigment granules are believed to be the site of ion compartmentalization
      and to play a role in regulation of intracellular ionic composition.

PMID- 3875521
TI  - The social epidemiology of accidental hypothermia among the aged.

PMID- 3875522
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the tuberculin sensitivity and T- and B-cell levels in
      the peripheral blood of workers in electromechanical engineering].

PMID- 3875523
TI  - Immunocytochemical labelling of haematological samples using monoclonal
      antibodies.

PMID- 3875524
TI  - Cloning and expression of the gene for murine granulocyte-macrophage colony
      stimulating factor.

PMID- 3875525
TI  - Purification of normal human T-cell growth factor to molecular homogeneity.

PMID- 3875526
TI  - Purification to apparent homogeneity and biochemical characterization of human
      pluripotent hematopoietic colony-stimulating factor.

PMID- 3875528
TI  - A T lymphocyte-derived differentiation-inducing factor for myeloid leukemia
      cells: purification and characterization.

PMID- 3875527
TI  - Biological activities of a human pluripotent hemopoietic colony-stimulating
      factor.

PMID- 3875529
TI  - A model scheme of hematopoietic cell differentiation based on multiple marker
      analysis of leukemia-lymphomas: T cell lineage.

PMID- 3875530
TI  - B cell lineage: part of the differentiation program of human pluripotent stem
      cells.

PMID- 3875531
TI  - Development of B cell subpopulations in humans and its relevance to malignancy.

PMID- 3875532
TI  - Genetic determination of the cytolytic T lymphocyte receptor repertoire.

PMID- 3875533
TI  - Internal activity of the immune system and its physiologic significance.

PMID- 3875534
TI  - Antigen presentation by liposomes.

PMID- 3875535
TI  - Thymic dendritic cells present blood-borne antigens to medullary thymocytes in
      vivo: a possible role in the generation of the T-cell repertoire.

PMID- 3875536
TI  - [T-lymphocyte subsets--characterization and functions].

PMID- 3875537
TI  - [Acquired immune deficiency syndrome--update].

PMID- 3875538
TI  - Effect of Biseptol 480 on the spleen and on the peripheral blood leucocyte count
      of nephrectomized rats.

PMID- 3875539
TI  - [Combination big-toe stretch reflex for the detection of latent pyramidal signs].
AB  - The stretch-reflex of the extensor hallucis muscle will only become apparent when
      in case of an upper motor neuron lesion the extensor hallucis response is
      stimulated simultaneously. This extrinsic-intrinsic combinative reflex may be
      useful to elicit a latent extensor response or to prove a doubtful one.

PMID- 3875540
TI  - [Schizophrenia research using psychiatric case registries].
AB  - Almost 60 years after the establishment of the National Register of Psychoses in
      Norway psychiatric case registers have become an indispensable instrument of
      psychiatric research. By enabling a consecutive, person-related registration of
      contacts with the health care services of a geographically circumscribed region
      over long periods they have opened up new perspectives for epidemiological and
      followup studies and the evaluation of the care provided for schizophrenics. The
      severity of the illness and the fact that it frequently takes a long-term course
      are highly likely to lead to contacts with psychiatric services in areas with
      well-developed service structures. In this way case registers permit relatively
      reliable estimates of the treatment prevalence and first contacts, providing
      indicators of the true incidence. In the Federal Republic of Germany, however, as
      the only country in the world, cumulative psychiatric case registers have become
      illegal. An examination of long-term ecological, social and individual
      distribution processes among persons fallen ill with schizophrenia shows that the
      uneven distribution becomes effective even prior to the first onset. This is
      reflected in the marriage rates--the more so among males than females--, in the
      choice of occupation and the social chances of the schizophrenics to-be. In
      contrast, there is no reliable evidence for an increased risk of falling ill with
      schizophrenia after exposure to severe stress over a longer period of time. The
      age at first onset is some 10 years lower for males than females. Neither for
      this finding nor for the deviating birth season distribution, exhibited by
      approximately 10% of the schizophrenics, has any conclusive explanation been
      found. Even after the successful combat against tuberculosis falling ill with
      schizophrenia clearly reduces further life expectancy. The linkage of data from
      psychiatric case registers with twin, adoption and birth registers confirms the
      assumption that the probability of falling ill with schizophrenia is increased by
      genetic factors, thus refuting the alternative hypothesis of an environment
      related transmission of the illness. Case registers are an indispensable means
      for the evaluation and cost analysis of the care provided for schizophrenics,
      above all in the establishment of new programmes of community-based complementary
      care for the chronically ill. Furthermore, they provide a solid basis for
      methodological studies on questions such as the stability of or transitions in
      the diagnosis over time.

PMID- 3875541
TI  - [Studies on the cell-mediated immunity in regional lymph nodes from patients with
      gastric cancer].

PMID- 3875542
TI  - Naturally occurring serum antiidiotypic antibody against antiliver-specific
      membrane lipoprotein in patients with hepatitis.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to evaluate whether antiidiotypic antibody against
      antiliver-specific membrane lipoprotein is related to the disease activity of
      patients with hepatitis. Sera from normal individuals, patients with viral
      hepatitis and medical staffs were depleted of antiliver-specific membrane
      lipoprotein antibody by absorbing with liver-specific membrane lipoprotein
      bearing cell line SK-Hep-1. Anti-antiliver-specific membrane lipoprotein was
      detected by binding activity to antihuman liver-specific membrane lipoprotein
      monoclonal antibody using solid-phase radioimmunoassay and by inhibitory activity
      for binding of antiliver-specific membrane lipoprotein monoclonal antibody to SK
      Hep-1 using competitive radioimmunoassay. The results obtained by the two assays
      were equivalent for detecting anti-antiliver-specific membrane lipoprotein. Sera
      from patients with acute viral hepatitis during recovery phase (n = 6) and
      chronic persistent hepatitis (n = 12), respectively, showed significantly
      increased anti-antiliver-specific membrane lipoprotein activity (p less than
      0.01) when compared to those from normal individuals (n = 10), whereas sera from
      patients with chronic active liver disease (n = 12) did not reveal significantly
      different values from controls. Sera from the medical staff (n = 11) who had
      contact with hepatitis patients also demonstrated increased anti-antiliver
      specific membrane lipoprotein activity (p less than 0.05). Inhibitory activity of
      anti-antiliver-specific membrane lipoprotein in the serum appeared localized
      within the F(ab')2 fragments of immunoglobulin G fraction by competitive
      radioimmunoassay. The specificity of the inhibitory activity of the serum was
      confirmed by its inability to block unrelated antigen-antibody
      reactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3875543
TI  - Detection of an IgM antiidiotype directed against anti-HBs in hepatitis B
      patients.
AB  - An IgM-specific anti-[anti-HBs] antibody was detected by radioimmunoassay using
      anti-IgM-coated beads and 125I-labeled anti-HBs. This antiidiotype was found only
      in the sera of hepatitis B virus-infected patients, both acute and chronic.
      However, not all HBsAg-positive patients exhibited this reaction, and activity
      was correlated with the presence of HBeAg. Approximately 93% of sera that
      contained antiidiotype activity also contained HBeAg. Conversely, 70% of the sera
      positive for HBeAg reacted in the IgM assay. No correlation was observed between
      the presence of antiidiotype and rheumatoid factor or elevated SGPT levels. Two
      approaches were used to determine whether the reactive moiety was an IgM anti
      [anti-HBs] as postulated or an IgM anti-HBs/HBsAg complex. It was shown that
      chicken anti-HBs sera, which does not share the common idiotype of human and
      other mammalian anti-HBs, did not block a positive reaction in this
      radioimmunoassay even though it specifically bound HBsAg. It was also
      demonstrated that treatment with polyethylene glycol, which will precipitate IgM
      anti-HBs/HBsAg activity, did not precipitate the reactive moiety in 6 of 7 sera
      tested, lending further evidence to the existence of an IgM antiidiotype in these
      patients. It is suggested that this antiidiotype directed against anti-HBs may be
      involved in a defective feedback mechanism resulting in the suppression of
      production of anti-HBs and maintenance of the carrier state.

PMID- 3875544
TI  - The spleen: structure and function.

PMID- 3875545
TI  - Immunoblastic sarcoma of T- and B-cell types: morphologic description and
      comparison.
AB  - Immunoblastic sarcoma (IBS) is a large cell lymphoma conceptually related to
      transformed T and B lymphocytes of the extrafollicular compartment of the immune
      system (immunoblasts). This light microscopic study of a series of 47
      immunologically defined cases of IBS was undertaken in an attempt to define more
      precisely the morphologic features of the T- and B-cell subtypes. A remarkable
      morphologic spectrum characterized T-IBS (31 cases), which could be divided into
      two main groups: 1) tumors composed of varying mixtures of small, medium-sized,
      and large transformed cells; and 2) tumors with more homogeneous populations of
      medium-sized or large transformed cells. These cells, in all sizes, generally had
      abundant pale-staining cytoplasm, delicate nuclear membranes, finely dispersed
      chromatin, and one to several, small or medium-sized, prominent nucleoli. A
      distinctive background of small, irregular lymphocytes was frequently present.
      Plasmacytoid differentiation, seen most consistently as amphophilic staining of
      the cytoplasm, generally characterized B-IBS (16 cases). B-IBS similarly showed a
      morphologic spectrum that occurred in two main forms: 1) tumors consisting of a
      spectrum of transformed cells, with the smaller cells often showing the most
      striking plasmacytoid differentiation; and 2) tumors consisting predominantly of
      medium-sized to large transformed cells with varying degrees of plasmacytoid
      differentiation. With this constellation of features, all but two cases of T-IBS
      and one case of B-IBS were morphologically distinguishable.

PMID- 3875546
TI  - Two cases of AIDS with florid Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection in the
      T-cell areas of the spleen.

PMID- 3875547
TI  - Alpha-1-antitrypsin: evidence for a fifth PI M subtype and a new deficiency
      allele PI*Z augsburg.
AB  - The phenotypes of the protease inhibitor (PI) alpha-1-antitrypsin have been
      analyzed by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels. With improved resolution
      by a modified procedure it was possible to demonstrate a fifth PI*M suballele.
      The bands of PI M5 are located between PI M1 and PI M3. In addition, a further
      deficiency allele similar to PI*Z was found in a female patient with obstructive
      pulmonary disease. This variant was provisionally named PI Z augsburg (PI Z aug).
      Family data confirm a simple codominant mode of inheritance for PI Z aug.

PMID- 3875548
TI  - Complement factor C4 in schizophrenia.
AB  - The complement factor C4 was studied in 165 schizophrenic patients and in 330
      controls. A highly significant increase in the frequency of C4B deficiency (BQO)
      was found among the schizophrenic patients compared with controls (p less than
      0.0005).

PMID- 3875549
TI  - [Neurotrophic ulceration of the ala nasi secondary to Wallemberg's syndrome].

PMID- 3875550
TI  - An Ia-positive mouse T-cell clone is functional in presenting antigen to other T
      cells.
AB  - In this report we present data demonstrating the endogenous expression of I
      region associated (Ia) antigens on a cloned line of mouse T cells, CTLL, as well
      as transcription of the invariant chain gene in these cells. We demonstrate
      further that this Ia-bearing T-cell clone, CTLL, can utilize the expressed Ia
      molecules to present antigen to Ia-restricted antigen-specific T cells.

PMID- 3875552
TI  - The failure of female cells to present in vitro the male H-Y antigen for
      secondary cytotoxic T-cell responses.

PMID- 3875551
TI  - Activation of T lymphocytes results in an increase in H-2-encoded neuraminidase.
AB  - The endogenous neuraminidase activity of various mouse lymphoid subpopulations
      and tissue compartments was examined by a sensitive fluorometric assay. These
      analyses indicated that activated T lymphocytes possessed a significantly higher
      level of intracellular neuraminidase than activated B or resting T or B
      lymphocytes. Examination of the level of neuraminidase in bone marrow, thymus,
      lymph node, and unfractionated spleen indicated that these lymphoid tissues
      contained significantly less neuraminidase than was detected in stimulated T
      cells. Kinetic studies revealed that the majority of the increase in
      neuraminidase activity occurred between 24 and 48 h following stimulation.
      Analysis of activated T lymphocytes prepared from a panel of inbred mouse strains
      indicated that cells from mice of the H-2v haplotype, which possess the Neu-1a
      allele and are deficient in liver neuraminidase, exhibited a level of activity
      which was significantly lower than that detected in stimulated T cells from other
      mouse strains. These results indicate that the endogenous neuraminidase activity
      of T lymphocytes increases upon stimulation, and that the level of this enzyme
      activity in lymphoid cells is also controlled by the Neu-1 locus, which is
      located in the H-2 region of the major histocompatibility complex.

PMID- 3875553
TI  - Distribution of alloreactivity among antigen-specific, class II-restricted T-cell
      clones and hybridomas.

PMID- 3875554
TI  - A short term follow up study on non-specific modulation of CMI by levamisole in
      advanced breast cancer.

PMID- 3875555
TI  - Immunisation of children. An alternate strategy.

PMID- 3875556
TI  - [Laser and the digestive system].

PMID- 3875557
TI  - [The post-concussion syndrome].

PMID- 3875558
TI  - Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the sera of Schistosoma
      japonicum-infected mice.
AB  - Infection of mice with Schistosoma japonicum engendered high levels of
      granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in serum. The rise in
      GM-CSF levels in serum was closely associated with the acute phase of the
      infection and seemed to be dependent on the dose of infection. GM-CSF activity
      was detected as a sharp single peak in DE-52 anion-exchange chromatography and
      Sephacryl S-200 and Sephadex G-200 gel chromatography and was almost entirely
      adsorbed to concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. The possible
      immunological and immunopathological importance of GM-CSF in S. japonicum
      infection is discussed.

PMID- 3875559
TI  - Macrophage-related fibrinolysis in experimental disseminated histoplasmosis.
AB  - A model of disseminated histoplasmosis in CBA/J mice was developed. Cultures of
      Histoplasma capsulatum from the spleens of infected mice suggested almost
      complete clearance of fungi by week 3. The adherent spleen cells from infected
      mice showed a 2- to 20-fold increase in fibrinolysis. The increase in activity
      was maximal around 1 to 2 weeks and disappeared after week 3 of infection, and
      this paralleled the progressively decreasing number of culturable fungi from the
      spleen. In vitro coculture of infected spleen cells or nylon wool-purified immune
      T cells and proteose peptone-induced macrophages resulted in increased
      fibrinolysis. Peritoneal exudate cells from infected mice also showed increased
      fibrinolysis. The addition of soluble antigen to an in vitro culture system
      resulted not only in an increase in fibrinolytic activity of peritoneal exudate
      cells derived from infected mice but also of proteose peptone-induced
      macrophages. These observations suggest that spleen and peritoneal macrophages
      from H. capsulatum-infected mice exhibit increased fibrinolysis which in turn is
      indicative of macrophage activation. The mechanism of activation occurs as a
      result of immunologically specific T cell-macrophage interaction and by the
      action of histoplasma products on the macrophages. The significance of these
      findings and the role of the plasminogen activator assay in studies of
      disseminated fungal infection are discussed.

PMID- 3875560
TI  - C1q, a subunit of the first component of complement, enhances binding of plasma
      fibronectin to bacteria.
AB  - The interaction of plasma fibronectin with C1q of the complement system has been
      demonstrated in the past several years. In addition, the antibody-independent
      binding of C1q to bacteria, as well as the binding of plasma fibronectin to
      bacteria, is well documented. This study examines whether the binding of C1q to
      bacteria enhances the interaction of C1q and bacteria with plasma fibronectin.
      Highly purified 125I-C1q bound to several species of bacteria in the absence of
      antibody. The binding of 125I-C1q to bacteria was saturable and specific since
      the addition of unlabeled C1q inhibited binding while the presence of bovine
      serum albumin did not. Bacteria which had been pretreated with either buffer or
      unlabeled C1q were tested for their ability to bind 125I-fibronectin. When
      bacteria were preincubated with buffer, Staphylococcus aureus bound fivefold more
      125I-fibronectin than did Escherichia coli. However, preincubation of E. coli
      with C1q increased the binding of 125I-fibronectin by up to 20-fold, whereas
      pretreatment of S. aureus with C1q increased fibronectin binding by only twofold.
      These results were confirmed by immunoblotting studies which demonstrated the
      presence of C1q, as well as an increase in fibronectin antigens on the C1q
      treated bacteria as compared with the level of fibronectin on buffer-treated
      bacteria. In addition, preincubation of 3H-labeled bacteria with C1q enhanced
      their attachment to fibronectin-coated surfaces but not to albumin-coated
      surfaces. The biological consequences of these observations are discussed.

PMID- 3875561
TI  - Soluble non-cross-linked peptidoglycan polymers stimulate monocyte-macrophage
      inflammatory functions.
AB  - Soluble non-cross-linked peptidoglycan polymers are released by gram-positive
      bacteria when beta-lactam antibiotics are administered to humans. In this report,
      we show that this type of peptidoglycan can stimulate monocyte-macrophage
      functions that cause inflammation. Non-cross-linked peptidoglycan polymers from
      penicillin-treated Streptococcus faecium were purified and shown to stimulate the
      production of interleukin 1 by human monocytes and of colony-stimulating factors
      by a murine macrophage cell line. In addition, the release of plasminogen
      activator by human monocytes was inhibited by the soluble peptidoglycan. These in
      vitro results suggest that prolonged treatment with beta-lactam antibiotics, by
      causing the production of soluble peptidoglycan, may result in interleukin 1
      mediated inflammatory reactions, excessive production of monocytes and
      granulocytes, and increased fibrin deposition.

PMID- 3875562
TI  - Weight reduction of thymus and depletion of lymphocytes of T-dependent areas in
      peripheral lymphoid tissues of mice infected with Francisella tularensis.
AB  - When BALB/c mice (young and adult animals of both sexes) were infected
      intraperitoneally with 10(3) viable cells of Francisella tularensis (10(2) 50%
      lethal dose), all mice in these groups died on day 4. Reductions in thymus
      weights and in numbers of thymic cortex lymphocytes were observed in all the
      groups, but the decline was not so severe in the young females. Increases of
      plasma corticosterone in the adult males began 1 day after infection, but in the
      young females, the levels did not increase until day 3, the same days on which
      the respective thymus weights began to decline. Depletion of the thymus weights
      in the infected mice was prevented by adrenalectomy. The lymphocytes of the
      thymus (T)-dependent areas in peripheral lymphoid tissues in all groups were
      destroyed. By using an electron microscope, we found a large quantity of F.
      tularensis within the macrophages in the T-dependent areas but not in the thymus.
      The destruction of lymphocytes in the T-dependent areas was not prevented by
      adrenalectomy. Therefore, it was concluded that the weight reduction of the
      thymus is due to the stress of the F. tularensis infection. However, we think
      other mechanisms are responsible for the depression of lymphocytes in the T
      dependent areas of peripheral lymphoid tissues.

PMID- 3875563
TI  - Coprecipitation of lipopolysaccharide and the 39,000-molecular-weight major outer
      membrane protein of Haemophilus influenzae type b by lipopolysaccharide-directed
      monoclonal antibody.
AB  - The major outer membrane protein of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) with an
      apparent molecular weight of 39,000 (39K) was purified from three different Hib
      strains and was shown to be free from detectable contamination with other
      proteins. However, these purified 39K protein preparations were found to contain
      Hib lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Immunization of rats with these 39K protein
      preparations resulted in the production of antisera containing both 39K protein
      directed and LPS-directed antibodies, as determined by Western blot analysis. The
      reactivity pattern of the LPS-directed serum antibodies with different Hib
      strains was identical to the reactivity of these Hib strains with a set of
      monoclonal antibodies (mabs) previously shown to immunoprecipitate the 39K
      protein in a radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) system. Examination of the antigenic
      specificities of the 39K protein-immunoprecipitating mabs by using Western blot
      analysis showed that these mabs were actually directed against Hib LPS. RIP
      analysis of 125I-labeled Hib cells and 32P-labeled Hib cells revealed that the
      39K protein and LPS existed as a complex in a RIP system, which resulted in the
      coprecipitation of both antigens by LPS-directed mabs. The interaction between
      LPS and the 39K protein was highly selective for this protein and did not involve
      other outer membrane proteins. The LPS/39K protein complex could be reconstituted
      by mixing purified LPS and purified 39K protein; it could also be reconstituted
      with 39K protein from one Hib strain and LPS from another Hib strain. These
      findings have necessitated the reinterpretation of previous studies involving the
      39K protein-immunoprecipitating mabs. Of primary importance is the fact that the
      demonstrated immunoprotective ability of a 39K protein-immunoprecipitating mab
      (E. J. Hansen, S. M. Robertson, P. A. Gulig, C. F. Frisch, and E. J. Haanes,
      Lancet i:366-368, 1982) must now be regarded as evidence that antibody directed
      against Hib LPS can be protective against experimental Hib disease.

PMID- 3875564
TI  - The use of acridine orange as a rapid method for the quantitation of bacteremia
      in laboratory animals.
AB  - A rapid technique has been developed to quantitate the degree of bacteremia in
      laboratory animals. Direct staining of blood smears with acridine orange and
      enumeration using fluorescent microscopy allowed quantitation of Haemophilus
      influenzae in blood at densities from 10(5) to 10(8) cfu/ml. This technique will
      facilitate the accuracy with which therapeutic trials are conducted in laboratory
      models of infection.

PMID- 3875565
TI  - Lymphocyte transformation test in drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis.
AB  - Lymphocyte transformation tests (LTT) to drugs remain widely used in drug
      reactions, despite controversies about their real usefulness. We tested the
      lymphocytes of 12 patients recovering from a drug-induced Toxic epidermal
      necrolysis (TEN). There was no difference between the amounts of thymidine
      incorporated when patients' lymphocytes were cultivated with culprit or innocent
      drugs. In both situations the lymphocytes from patients reacted like the
      lymphocytes from controls cultivated with the same panel of drugs. These negative
      results do not exclude that a hypersensitivity reaction may play a role in the
      physiopathology of TEN. Anyhow, they clearly indicate that testing lymphocyte
      transformation to drugs has no practical value in the diagnosis of TEN.

PMID- 3875566
TI  - Effects of anti-epsilon on total and specific IgE levels in adult mice.
AB  - Adult (2- to 3-month-old) female CBA/J mice were injected intraperitoneally with
      heavy chain specific rabbit anti-IgE (anti-epsilon) to determine its effects on
      total and specific serum IgE. Animals receiving 10 X 250 micrograms injections
      over a 50-day period displayed significantly increased (10 X levels of serum IgE
      compared to rabbit gamma-globulin or untreated controls. If animals were
      immunized with castor allergen (CA) prior to anti-epsilon treatments their IgE
      anti-CA titers were significantly suppressed, although their total IgE levels
      were not significantly different compared to controls. In a second series of
      experiments, mice which received increased quantities (3 X more) of anti-epsilon
      had no detectable serum IgE (within 30 days post anti-epsilon treatment),
      significantly decreased titers of IgE antibody, and reduced numbers of IgE
      bearing spleen and mesenteric lymph node cells. These studies indicate that anti
      epsilon injections in adult mice can significantly alter total and specific IgE
      levels.

PMID- 3875567
TI  - Lymphocytapheresis in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: clinical and
      immunological studies.
AB  - Six patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) have been treated with
      lymphocytapheresis after their disease proved unresponsive to conventional
      therapy. Clinical improvement, measured evaluating articular swelling, morning
      stiffness, and muscle weakness, was observed in four of the six patients. From
      the cellular point of view lymphocytapheresis induced (1) T cell depletion
      without modification of lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood, (2)
      improvement of lymphocyte responsiveness to lectins, autoantigens and
      alloantigens. All together these data suggest that therapeutic leukapheresis
      modifies the immune responsiveness in humans, possibly facilitating the process
      of cell to cell cooperation.

PMID- 3875568
TI  - A 14;19 translocation in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a new recurring
      chromosome aberration.
AB  - Four of 30 patients with a diagnosis of B-CLL or prolymphocytic transformation of
      CLL, who had an adequate cytogenetic analysis, had abnormalities involving 14q32.
      Three of the 4 had a translocation involving chr. 19; in 2 of them it appeared to
      be t(14;19) (q32;q13.1). The third patient probably had the same translocation.
      All 3 patients had received therapy prior to cytogenetic analysis.

PMID- 3875569
TI  - Clonal analysis of T lymphocytes isolated from ovarian carcinoma ascitic fluid.
      Phenotypic and functional characterization of T-cell clones capable of lysing
      autologous carcinoma cells.
AB  - T lymphocytes isolated from ascitic fluid of patients with stage III-IV ovarian
      carcinoma were cloned by means of a microculture system that allows cloning of
      virtually all peripheral blood human T lymphocytes. Under these experimental
      conditions, 15% to 42% of ascitic T cells gave rise to clonal progenies that were
      analyzed for different functional capabilities. Of the clones obtained, 36%-70%
      had cytolytic activity in a PHA-dependent assay (using P815 as target cells) that
      allowed detection of cytolytic cells of any specificity. About one-half of the
      cytolytic clones lysed the NK-sensitive K562 target cells as well. In addition,
      30%-50% of the total clones released IL-2 upon stimulation with PHA for 24 hr. In
      all patients analyzed a variable proportion (11%-56% of all cytolytic clones) had
      cytolytic activity against autologous tumor cells. Some of these clones have been
      analyzed in more detail: 18/21 expressed the T4-T8+ phenotype, whereas the
      remaining 3 were T4+ T8-. Only one out of 6 clones tested lysed allogeneic
      ovarian carcinoma cells as well, while 5/8 had a definite NK-like activity.
      Finally, all 8 clones tested were inhibited by anti-T11 and 7/8 by anti-T8
      monoclonal antibody.

PMID- 3875570
TI  - Differential antiproliferative actions of 2',5' oligo A trimer core and its
      cordycepin analogue on human tumor cells.
AB  - The antiproliferative effect of 2',5' A3 core and 2',5'-3'dA3 (cordycepin trimer)
      core was measured in 8 human tumor cell lines. Cells were treated in a dose
      response manner for 72 hr and the concentration of drug necessary to inhibit cell
      growth 50% (GI50) was determined. A wide range of sensitivities to these drugs
      was found, even among tumors of the same histological type. The cell lines showed
      different sensitivities and dose-response curves to the 2',5'A3 and 2',5'-3'dA3
      cores. Uptake studies of the 2',5'A3 and 2',5'-3'dA3 cores, using high-pressure
      liquid chromatography, demonstrated that both cores were rapidly degraded in the
      tissue culture medium and taken up as adenosine or cordycepin, respectively.
      There was a direct correlation between the uptake of cordycepin and the
      antiproliferative effect. In contrast, there was no correlation between cell
      sensitivity and the uptake of the 2',5'A3 core degradation products. Analysis of
      intracellular nucleosides and nucleotides indicated that differences in
      intracellular metabolism of adenosine might explain the different sensitivities
      of the various cell lines to 2',5'A3 core. Molar equivalent concentrations of
      adenosine and cordycepin inhibited cell growth; however, equimolar concentrations
      of these nucleosides were not effective. In addition, the antiproliferative
      effect of both core compounds and their corresponding nucleosides could be
      potentiated by the addition of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor,
      deoxycoformycin. The results indicate that these cores act as prodrugs and that
      the active metabolites are their corresponding nucleosides.

PMID- 3875571
TI  - Development of a drug and alcohol information survey.
AB  - Psychological measurement in regard to using drugs, alcohol, or other substances
      should attend to personological, attitudinal, and informational factors.
      Standardized tests are available for assessing personological and attitudinal
      variables, but not for knowledge. To develop a test of information, 45 multiple
      choice items were correlated with total and part scores in samples of 132 men and
      71 women; 35 items with significant (p less than .05) coefficients and other
      desirable properties were retained for a Drug and Alcohol Information Survey
      (DAIS). For 33 male and 36 female college students participating in an intensive
      psychological assessment program, scores on the DAIS were positively associated
      with (1) ratings of modernity, sensation seeking, originality, and
      nonorderliness; (2) personality scales for status propensity, sociability, social
      presence, and rebelliousness; and (3) a nonverbal test of field-independent
      cognitive ability. High scorers on the DAIS also reported more frequent use of
      marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco than did students with low scores.

PMID- 3875572
TI  - Mouse strain variation and effects of oocyst dose in infection of mice with
      Eimeria falciformis, a coccidian parasite of the large intestine.

PMID- 3875573
TI  - Non-nitro radiation sensitizers.
AB  - A review of the literature on radiosensitization reveals that at least some of
      the non-nitro compounds, such as metabolic inhibitors and membrane-active drugs,
      could be considered as potentially valuable radiosensitizers for possible use in
      future cancer radiotherapy.

PMID- 3875574
TI  - Late occurring lesions in the skin of rats after repeated doses of X-rays.
AB  - Late radiation damage, characterized by atrophy and necrosis in the skin and
      subcutaneous tissues, has been demonstrated in both the tail and feet of rats.
      The incidence of necrosis increased with total dose. These total doses, in the
      range 72-144 Gy, were given as 4-8 treatments of 18 Gy, each dose separated from
      the next by an interval of 28 days. This treatment protocol minimized acute
      epithelial skin reactions. The same regime applied to the skin on the back of
      rats resulted in a very severe acute reaction occurring after the second to fifth
      dose of 18 Gy. This was surprising since back skin, like tail skin, is less
      sensitive to large single doses of radiation than that of the foot. The late
      radiation reaction in the foot and tail of rats are compared and contrasted with
      other attempts to assess late effects in rodent skin and with late changes seen
      in pig skin.

PMID- 3875575
TI  - Thermal enhancement of the radiation damage in the mouse foot at different heat
      and radiation dose: influence of thermotolerance.
AB  - We studied the reaction of the mouse foot after combined X-irradiation and heat
      treatment. Acute reactions after heat differ from those after irradiation,
      however, after healing of the lesions, the same symptoms of deformity of the
      mouse foot remain. Prior heat treatment, 30 min at 43 degrees C, of the foot led
      to thermotolerance and this thermotolerance resulted in resistance to combined
      irradiation-heat treatments and hence to a decreased thermal enhancement of
      radiation effects. Resistance could be observed up to 168 h after prior heat
      treatment. The development of resistance to combined treatment at higher
      irradiation dose (15 or 20 Gy) and less severe heating was slower than at lower
      irradiation dose (10 Gy) and more severe heating. Thermal enhancement was
      confirmed to be dependent on the sequence of, and the interval between
      irradiation and heat treatment. When the mouse foot was made thermotolerant by
      prior heat treatment, thermal enhancement was always reduced, regardless of the
      sequence, when the combined heat and radiation treatments were given with an
      interval of less than 12 h. Thermotolerance led to an apparent decrease in the
      effective temperature employed in a combined treatment equivalent to
      approximately 1.0 degrees C, at temperatures above 43 degrees C in a 1 h heat
      treatment.

PMID- 3875576
TI  - Cell death (apoptosis) in hair follicles and consequent changes in the width of
      hairs after irradiation of growing follicles.
AB  - Irradiation of anagen (growing) hair follicles results in a dose-dependent
      increase in the number of histologically identifiable fragments of dead cells
      (apoptotic fragments). The incidence of apoptotic fragments is linearly related
      to dose, increasing at a rate of 2.92 fragments per follicle section per Gy. The
      effects of doses of 0.2 Gy can be easily detected. Subjective attempts to
      associate clusters of fragments with dead or dying cells suggests that the number
      of fragments per cell increases with dose (about 1.7 fragments per cell after 1
      Gy to about 2.7 fragments per cell after 5 Gy). There is a natural incidence of
      cell death in controls (0.13 +/- 0.06 fragments per follicle section with about
      1.4 fragments per dead or dying cell). Damage to the follicle cells is expressed
      in the differentiated product of the follicle, the hair, by a reduction in width.
      This is probably the cellular basis for the production of dysplastic hairs. The
      hair width has been measured and is reduced by about 7 per cent for every gray of
      radiation. The value of the hair and hair follicles as potential biological
      dosimeters is discussed.

PMID- 3875577
TI  - Recruitment of cells in the small intestine into rapid cell cycle by small doses
      of external gamma or internal beta-radiation.
AB  - Epithelial cell recruitment was examined in mouse ileum after external gamma
      irradiation (50 cGy) or internal beta-irradiation (0.148 MBq/g of [3H]thymidine),
      using the per cent-labelled-mitoses method and by analysing the distribution of
      mitotic cells in the crypts. In the presumptive stem cell zone at the lower cell
      positions of the crypt, the slowly cycling cells decreased their cell cycle 6 or
      12 hours after a dose of 50 cGy. In the higher cell positions, a slight
      shortening of the cell cycle was also observed. After administration of a high
      dose of [3H]thymidine, dormant (G0) cells also entered the cell cycle in the
      lower cell positions. The results suggest that stem cells in the crypt may react
      to irradiation in two ways: first, by shortening the cell cycle in cycling cells;
      secondly, by an entry into the cell cycle by other dormant cells. There was
      destruction of some cycling stem cells before any recruitment. The data support
      the idea that the stem cell population in the crypt is heterogeneous.

PMID- 3875578
TI  - Sites of termination of in vitro DNA synthesis on psoralen phototreated single
      stranded templates.
AB  - Single-stranded DNA has been photochemically induced to react with 4'
      hydroxymethyl-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (HMT) and used as substrate for DNA
      replication with E. coli DNA polymerase I large fragment. By using the dideoxy
      sequencing procedure, it is possible to map the termination sites on the template
      photoreacted with HMT. These sites occur at the nucleotides preceding each
      thymine residue (and a few cytosine residues), emphasizing the fact that in a
      single-stranded stretch of DNA, HMT reacts with each thymine residue without any
      specificity regarding the flanking base sequence of the thymine residues. In
      addition, termination of DNA synthesis due to psoralen-adducted thymine is not
      influenced by the efficiency of the 3'-5'exonuclease proof-reading activity of
      the DNA polymerase.

PMID- 3875579
TI  - Changes in nuclease sensitivity of mammalian cells after irradiation with 60Co
      gamma-rays.
AB  - Changes in sensitivity of mouse BALB/c 3T3 cells in the plateau phase to
      digestion with micrococcal nuclease were examined following gamma-irradiation.
      Immediately after irradiation, cell nuclei were more sensitive to micrococcal
      nuclease compared to unirradiated nuclei. However, there were no detectable
      changes in length of basic repeating subunits of 182 base pairs of DNA, which
      include the nucleosome cores consisting of approximately 140 base pairs of DNA,
      which When the cells were incubated at 37 degrees following irradiation, the
      sensitivity of cell nuclei to the nuclease first increased then decreased,
      reaching a similar level to unirradiated nuclei 6 h after irradiation. Both the
      initial increase and the subsequent decrease in sensitivity of nuclei to
      micrococcal nuclease were prevented when 15 microM novobiocin was present during
      the post-irradiation incubation, suggesting a possible involvement of type II DNA
      topoisomerase in repair of DNA lesions induced by gamma-rays.

PMID- 3875580
TI  - On the importance of the level of glutathione and the activity of the pentose
      phosphate pathway in heat sensitivity and thermotolerance.
AB  - Heating of Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) cells and mouse fibroblast LM cells to 43
      or 44 degrees C respectively, results in an increased level of reduced
      glutathione (GSH). The maximum elevation in GSH was to 140 per cent for LM cells
      and to 120 per cent for EAT cells. No increase of GSH in EAT cells was observed
      after heating at 44 degrees C. LM cells were treated with diethylmaleate (DEM)
      and the EAT cells with buthionine-sulphoximine (BSO) at non-toxic doses to
      deplete the levels of GSH. No effect on thermosensitivity or on the development
      of thermotolerance was observed when the DEM and BSO treatments were chosen such
      that the lowering of GSH was just down to the level of detection (about 5 per
      cent of control). When higher concentrations of DEM were used, thermal
      sensitization was observed. The activity of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)
      was also investigated because of its importance in supplying NADPH for the
      regeneration of GSH from GSSG and for the endogenous production of polyols.
      Hyperthermia was found to enhance markedly the flux of glucose through the PPP.
      While the DEM treatment inhibited glucose oxidation through the PPP, BSO addition
      to the cells resulted in a slightly increased activity of the PPP. The PPP
      activity of thermotolerant cells was lower (fibroblasts) or hardly affected (EAT
      cells) compared to control cells. The extent of PPP activation by hyperthermia
      was comparable for thermotolerant and control cells. For the two cell lines
      studied neither a high level of GSH nor an active PPP is a prerequisite for the
      development of thermotolerance.

PMID- 3875581
TI  - Influence of thermal conditioning on the heat-induced radioresistance in
      primordial germ cells of the fish Oryzias latipes.
AB  - Heat treatment (41 degrees C, 30 min) given before gamma-irradiation results in
      an increase in radiation resistance of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in Oryzias
      latipes at a mitotically inactive stage. This may be attributed to the appearance
      of a shoulder region on the dose-response curve, indicating an increased capacity
      to tolerate radiation damage. The radiation response curve is biphasic and the
      conversion of a radiosensitive population to a less sensitive one as a result of
      heat treatment is suggested. When the PGCs were made thermotolerant by a
      'priming' heat treatment (41 degrees C, 10 min) a second heat treatment (41
      degrees C, 30 min) at 2 h interval did not induce resistance to radiation. A
      treatment of 41 degrees C for 30 min without 'priming' gave a thermal reduction
      ratio of 4.6, whereas with 'priming' the ratio was 1.0. Thus heat induces
      radiation resistance in PGCs but this induction is suppressed under
      thermotolerant conditions.

PMID- 3875582
TI  - Potentially lethal damage repair in cell lines of radioresistant human tumours
      and normal skin fibroblasts.
AB  - Radiation cell survival data were obtained in vitro for three cell lines isolated
      from human tumours traditionally considered to be radioresistant--two melanomas
      and one osteosarcoma--as well as from a diploid skin fibroblast cell line. One
      melanoma cell line was much more radioresistant than the other, while the
      osteosarcoma and fibroblast cell lines were more radiosensitive than either. For
      cells growing exponentially, little potentially lethal damage repair (PLDR) could
      be demonstrated by comparing survival data for cells in which subculture was
      delayed by 6 h with those sub-cultured immediately after treatment. For the
      malignant cells in plateau phase, which in these cells might be better termed
      'slowed growth phase', since an appreciable fraction of the cells are still
      cycling, a small amount of PLDR was observed, but not as much as reported by
      other investigators in the literature. The normal fibroblasts, which achieved a
      truer plateau phase in terms of noncycling cells, showed a significantly larger
      amount of PLDR than the tumour cells.

PMID- 3875583
TI  - Time scale of radiation damage by 2,4-dinitrophenyl-aziridine (CB 1954) in
      Chinese hamster cells: a rapid-mix study.
AB  - A rapid-mix device was used to study the time-scale of radiation sensitization of
      hypoxic cells by CB 1954, a monofunctional alkylating agent. It has an electron
      affinity (E1(7)-385 mV) similar to that of misonidazole but its effectiveness as
      a sensitizer occurs at a five-fold lower concentration under stationary-state
      conditions. In the rapid-mix study, the enhancement ratio (e.r.) value of 1 mmol
      dm-3 CB 1954 rapidly rises to 1.75 within 120 ms, with no further rise by 500 ms.
      The e.r. obtained is lower than that observed under stationary-state conditions
      for a similar concentration. The data suggests that CB 1954 sensitizes by at
      least two independent mechanisms.

PMID- 3875584
TI  - Pain relief in the rheumatic and other disorders.
AB  - When severe pain is present, so usually is fear. Whether the pain results from a
      traffic accident, a sports injury, an arthritic exacerbation or a coronary
      thrombosis, an explanation of what is going on carries considerable reassurance,
      for uncertainty and fear of the unknown aggravates and increases the pain. I
      remember well a frightened lady being admitted with acute dorsal backache, the
      pain of which was not controlled by 6-hourly injections of morphine. She feared
      she had metastatic malignant disease in the spine, which indeed she did have, but
      in a calm and reassuring atmosphere and with excellent nursing staff she was
      maintained only on mild sedation and simple analgesics. For some patients the
      knowledge that injections are given for serious conditions adds to their anxiety.
      The pain of metastatic malignant disease is often helped considerably by NSAIDs
      or simple analgesics. Almost all pains have several components and therefore
      different therapeutic approaches.

PMID- 3875585
TI  - The changing pattern of otitis media in Korea.
AB  - From a nationwide survey of otitis media in Korea, 44.52% of the population were
      found to have some type of otitis media or its sequelae. A high prevalence rate
      was seen in the age group over 41 years. This finding suggests a strong
      relationship between socioeconomic status and incidence of otitis media. From a
      clinical study of surgical cases of otitis media seen in the past 10 years, we
      have found that the prevalence of chronic otitis media is decreasing every year.
      However, severity and pathological findings of otitis media were reflected
      remarkably in a decreased incidence of acute purulent otitis media and an
      increased incidence of middle ear effusion in children. In recent years our
      efforts to control chronic otitis media in children have focused on the treatment
      of chronic middle ear effusion. To prevent the latter condition, it is strongly
      emphasized that pediatricians and primary care physicians should be competent in
      diagnosing otitis media as early as possible, and that they should refer
      appropriate patients to otolaryngologists for further evaluation and management.

PMID- 3875586
TI  - Longitudinal studies of experimental otitis media with Haemophilus influenzae in
      the gerbil.
AB  - Haemophilus influenzae non-typable strain 119 was found to cause severe otitis
      media with sequellae when inoculated into the middle ear cavities of the
      Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus. Acute inflammation was followed by the
      development of highly vascular granulation tissue and formation of new bone
      within the middle ear bulla. These changes persisted throughout the 14-week study
      in the untreated animals. The gerbil was variably susceptible to otitis media
      caused by inoculating 30-3000 bacterial cells and 100% susceptible to greater
      than 3000 cells. The susceptibility of the gerbil to common etiological agents of
      otitis media allows its use as an appropriate model of the disease.

PMID- 3875587
TI  - Vestibular disorders following head injury in children.
AB  - One hundred and ninety-nine child patients with blunt head injury were examined.
      Spontaneous and/or positional nystagmus (greater than or equal to 7 degrees/s)
      was observed immediately after trauma in 46% of cases, 6-12 months (average 10.2
      months) later in 20%, and 2-8 years (average 4.7 years) later in 18%. Central ENG
      disturbances were found immediately after trauma in 43% of cases, 6-12 months
      later in 24%, and 2-8 years later in 12%. Only 1.5% of the child patients
      suffered from vertigo more than 6 months after trauma. The results of the study
      led to the conclusion that head injuries cause about as many similar objective
      vestibular lesions in children as in adults but fewer subjective symptoms.

PMID- 3875588
TI  - Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on catabolin-induced cartilage destruction in
      vitro.
AB  - Catabolin/Interleukin 1 (CAT-IL-1) comprises a family of acidic proteins produced
      by stimulated monocytes and inflamed synovium which cause the release of
      proteoglycans and collagen from living cartilage in vitro. The possible relevance
      of these proteins as mediators of joint destruction in animal models of joint
      damage and in arthritic disease in man has yet to be determined. To establish if
      conventional or novel anti-inflammatory (AI) agents could modify the actions of
      CAT-IL-1 and thus be useful for understanding the mode of action of these
      components, the effects were determined of a range of AI compounds on the release
      by CAT-IL-1 of proteoglycans (PG's) from bovine nasal cartilage. In vitro,
      conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI) compounds were, with the
      exception of 10-100 microM hydroxychloroquine, weak (e.g. diclofenac,
      indomethacin, fenclofenac, effective at concentrations of 100-500 microM), or
      with some drugs actually ineffective, as inhibitors of CAT-IL-1-mediated PG
      release. Antioxidants were ineffective as inhibitors of this PG release. Drugs
      which modify gene transcription were potent inhibitors of CAT-IL-1-induced PG
      release, emphasizing the importance of gene expression in the actions of these
      mediators. The importance of prostaglandin metabolism on CAT-IL-1 actions and the
      in vivo effects of AI are discussed.

PMID- 3875589
TI  - Steroids reduce complement activation in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Patients with seropositive, classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with severe
      active disease have raised plasma concentrations of the complement C3 split
      product C3d. These values display little diurnal or circadian variation in the
      individual patient. During a 3-month period the variation was within 10 mU/l in
      45 patients (ref. range 20-52 mU/l, RA patients up to 120 mU/l.) Six RA patients
      were treated with steroids on clinical indication, and the plasma C3d, Ritchie
      index and pain score before and during the treatment (30 mg prednisolone per day)
      were measured. The variables showed a steady decrease during the next 14 days.
      Plasma C3d fell 2/3 of the total fall within the first 48 hours, while the serum
      total haemolytic complement activity, complement C3 and C4 did not change
      significantly. This shows that the anti-inflammatory effect of steroids is
      accompanied by a reduction of complement activation.

PMID- 3875590
TI  - Antigenic modulation in retinoblastoma: a flow cytometric study.
AB  - Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to investigate antigenic expression and modulation
      during the cell cycle of Y-79 and WERI-Rb1 tissue cultured retinoblastoma cell
      lines using a polyclonal anti-Y-79 antibody and fluorescein conjugated lectins.
      Several Y-79 resting cell populations were identified by FCM analysis of antibody
      binding, while only a single population with uniform antigen expression was found
      to exist in the synthetic and mitotic phases. WERI-Rb1 cells bound antibody
      approximately equally in each phase of the cell cycle. Multiple cell populations
      with different lectin binding affinities were seen in the resting phase with FITC
      concanavalin A, FITC-ricinus communis-60 and FITC-ricinus communis-120 (FITC-RCA
      120). During the S-phase of the cell cycle, a higher percentage of cells bound
      FITC-RCA-120 and FITC wheat germ agglutinin. The relationship between antigenic
      expression during the cell cycle and treatment considerations in retinoblastoma
      is discussed.

PMID- 3875591
TI  - CT of aortoenteric fistulas.
AB  - We compared CT findings with endoscopic, angiographic and surgical results in ten
      patients suspected of having an aortoenteric fistula (AEF) because of
      gastrointestinal bleeding (seven) or recurrent sepsis (three). CT correctly
      diagnosed AEF in six patients and excluded it in the other four. CT findings of
      AEF consisted of perigraft fluid (PGF) (5/6) and/or gas within the bed of the
      graft (4/6) later than three months after graft surgery. All six patients with
      AEF had perigraft infections; PGF with gas was found in 50%, PGF alone in 33%,
      and in one patient perigraft gas alone was found. Angiography and endoscopy
      failed to identify AEF. Our findings indicate that CT should be the initial
      imaging procedure in patients with suspected AEF who do not require immediate
      surgical intervention.

PMID- 3875592
TI  - Alcoholism in a Scottish general practice.

PMID- 3875593
TI  - Diagnostic reasoning in critical care nursing.

PMID- 3875594
TI  - [Synergism between antibiotics and immunoglobulins in peritonitis in animal
      experiments].

PMID- 3875595
TI  - Histochemical demonstration of soluble and fixation-labile acetylcholinesterase
      activity in the optic tectum of rudd and frog with a semipermeable membrane
      technique.

PMID- 3875596
TI  - Quantitation and immunohistochemistry of catecholamines in the posterior segment
      of the eye.
AB  - Dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline were assayed with HPLC in the light
      adapted retinae of carp, frog, chicken, pigeon, rat, guinea-pig, rabbit, cat, pig
      and cow. Dopamine varied from 0.6 to 2.6 nmol/g wet weight and was not influenced
      by sympathectomy. The dopamine figures agree with previously published results.
      Noradrenaline concentrations varied from not detectable to 0.06 nmol/g wet weight
      in different species. Homolateral sympathectomy significantly decreased the
      noradrenaline figure in rabbits. There are no previous figures for noradrenaline
      for most of the species. Adrenaline was not detected in any species.
      Immunohistochemical analysis showed noradrenaline to be present in choroidal
      nerves, but noradrenaline immuno-reactivity was not seen in the retina (chicken,
      rat, guinea-pig, rabbit, cat, cow). It is concluded that dopamine is the major
      catecholamine in the retina. Noradrenaline was found present only in minute
      amounts in the assays, and much of its was likely to stem from sympathetic nerve
      fibres. The study did not demonstrate any noradrenergic neurons in the retina.

PMID- 3875597
TI  - [Value of the rotation test in acute unilateral vestibular disorders].
AB  - The electronystagmographically recorded response of the spontaneous nystagmus and
      of the per- and postrotatory nystagmus were examined in 70 patients suffering
      from acute unilateral vestibular disorders. Within a short time the SPN declined
      logarithmically compared to the reduction of the perrotatory directional
      preponderance. But the postrotatory nystagmus levels changed only a little in the
      course of time. The patient's symptoms did not correlate with results of the
      rotatory test or the intensity of the SPN. The graphs of both parameters (maximal
      velocity of the slow nystagmus phase and nystagmus frequency in culmination
      range) which had been analysed showed an almost identical course. Obviously two
      independent functions are recorded by the caloric and rotatory vestibular test:
      the rotatory test is said to describe the extent of the central compensation. The
      lack of conformity in the results of various vestibular tests, including the
      rotating chair, limit the reliability of the individual tests and indicate that
      different methods of investigation should always be carried out especially in
      medico-legal cases.

PMID- 3875598
TI  - Retinal vasculitis associated with HLA DR4. Brief definitive report.
AB  - Inflammation of retinal blood vessels may be associated with a variety of
      systemic immune diseases. Despite the fact that a number of immunological
      abnormalities have been reported in patients with retinal vasculitis (RV),
      previous studies have failed to demonstrate an immunogenetic predisposition to
      this disease. HLA A, B, and DR locus typing of 25 patients (14 females) with well
      characterized RV revealed an increased incidence of HLA DR4 (corrected p value =
      0.04, relative risk = 3.5). The HLA DR4 antigen was increased in patients with
      both central and peripheral RV as well as in patients with idiopathic disease (14
      patients) and in those with Behcet's syndrome (8 patients). The results of this
      study indicate that immune response genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of
      RV.

PMID- 3875599
TI  - Marijuana intoxication in pets.

PMID- 3875600
TI  - Pancreatic adenocarcinoma in a dog with a maldigestion syndrome.
AB  - Maldigestion caused by a pancreatic enzyme insufficiency was diagnosed in a 10
      year-old Scottish Terrier on the basis of clinical signs and gastrointestinal
      function test results. The histologic diagnosis was pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
      Maldigestion is an unusual manifestation of this malignancy, particularly in the
      absence of other clinical signs. However, pancreatic neoplasia should be
      considered in aged dogs that develop exocrine insufficiency.

PMID- 3875601
TI  - Cefpirome (HR 810): lack of selection of beta-lactamase overproducing variants.
AB  - With respect to the selection of beta-lactam-resistant variants marked
      discrepancies between the recently developed cephalosporin HR 810 and other
      recently developed cephalosporins could be observed: beta-lactam resistant
      subpopulations did not emerge during a 16-hour culture in the presence of the 20
      fold minimal inhibitory concentration in a clinical Enterobacter cloacae isolate
      (2240/81) in contrast to cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime.
      Breakdown of the antibacterial agents during the 16-hour period as evaluated by
      monitoring their levels in the medium was not responsible for selection of beta
      lactam-resistant subpopulations. The study of affinity of various cephalosporins
      to the chromosomally mediated beta-lactamase of E. cloacae strain 2240/81
      revealed low affinity of HR 810 to the enzyme (Ki amounted 4.4 X 10(-3)M). It is
      suggested that the low affinity of this new agent to the E. cloacae enzyme plays
      a major role in the lack of selection of resistant subpopulations.

PMID- 3875602
TI  - Gram-negative bacilli resistant to third-generation cephalosporins: beta
      lactamase characterization and susceptibility to Sch 34343.
AB  - We studied 192 recent clinical isolates, comprising six species of Gram-negative
      bacilli resistant either to cefotaxime or latamoxef (Moxalactam), from several
      hospitals. All isolates were resistant to several other third-generation
      cephalosporins or a monobactam. Two to five types of chromosomal beta-lactamases,
      as defined by isoelectric focusing, were readily identified in each species.
      Isolates of Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Serratia produced higher levels of
      chromosomal beta-lactamase than corresponding cefotaxime-susceptible strains. In
      addition, 20 of 57 produced one or two plasmid-determined beta-lactamases, TEM-1,
      OXA-2, or a novel enzyme, OHIO-1. The penem and carbapenem antibiotics, Sch 34343
      and imipenem, were more active than cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone,
      latamoxef and aztreonam against isolates of Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Ent.
      aerogenes, Ent. cloacae and Morganella, whereas imipenem, ceftazidime, and
      aztreonam were more active against Serratia isolates. The addition of plasmid
      determined beta-lactamase increased resistance to piperacillin, cefoperazone and
      cefamandole but not to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, latamoxef,
      aztreonam, Sch 34343, or imipenem. Of 24 strains susceptible to aminoglycosides,
      none produced a plasmid-determined beta-lactamase, whereas 20 were found among
      the 33 strains resistant to aminoglycosides. Resistance of clinical isolates to
      newer beta-lactams appears to be due primarily to a high level of chromosomal
      cephalosporinase present without inducing agents. The plasmid-determined beta
      lactamases, TEM-1 and OHIO-1, contributed little to resistance to most of the
      newer beta-lactams but were strongly associated with aminoglycoside resistance in
      these selected isolates. The greater in-vitro efficacy of the penem and
      carbapenem antibiotics, Sch 34343 and imipenem, against most of these isolates
      makes them promising candidates as first line agents against these pathogens.

PMID- 3875603
TI  - In-vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability and inhibitory properties of a new
      penem antibiotic, Sch 34343.
AB  - Sch 34343 is a new penem antibiotic. Its in-vitro activity was determined against
      Gram-positive and -negative aerobic and anaerobic isolates. Sch 34343 inhibited
      90% of strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis,
      Salmonella spp, Citrobacter spp. and Shigella spp. at less than 1 mg/1. Ninety
      per cent of strains of Enterobacter, Morganella and Providencia spp. were
      inhibited by less than 4 mg/1. Sch 34343 did not inhibit Pseudomonas spp., and it
      had slightly less activity against Enterobacteriaceae than did cefotaxime or
      latamoxef (moxalactam), but it inhibited organisms resistant to cefoxitin,
      cefoperazone and piperacillin. Sch 34343 inhibited methicillin-susceptible
      Staphylococcus aureus at less than or equal to 0.25 mg/1, and it inhibited
      haemolytic streptococci at less than or equal to 0.06 mg/1. Sch 34343 inhibited
      Bacteroides fragilis at 0.06 mg/1, including some cefoxitin-resistant isolates.
      Sch 34343 was not hydrolysed by plasmid- or chromosomally-mediated beta
      lactamases, was an excellent inhibitor of Richmond-Sykes type Ia beta-lactamases,
      and also inhibited, although less effectively, the common plasmid beta
      lactamases. It induced beta-lactamases, but inhibited Enterobacter and
      Citrobacter spp. in which it induced beta-lactamase activity.

PMID- 3875604
TI  - Evaluation of the in-vitro antibacterial activity of Sch 34343.
AB  - The in-vitro activity (as measured by geometric mean MICs, mg/l) of Sch 34343
      against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria was compared with that of 14 other
      selected beta-lactam antibiotics including aztreonam, latamoxef (moxalactam),
      ceftazidime and imipenem. Sch 34343 had good activity (less than 2 mg/l) against
      most Gram-negative aerobic bacteria whether or not they contained high levels of
      plasmid-mediated or chromosomally-mediated beta-lactamases. It was slightly less
      potent against strains of Morganella and Serratia (less than 4 mg/l) and inactive
      against Pseudomonas (greater than 64 mg/l). A very small inoculum effect was
      observed against strains containing beta-lactamases indicating stability. Unlike
      the third-generation cephalosporins, Sch 34343 had excellent activity (less than
      or equal to 0.18 mg/l) against staphylococci, comparable to that of imipenem and
      ampicillin. While Sch 34343 had equally good potency (0.17 mg/l) against
      penicillinase-positive staphylococci, it was inactive against methicillin
      resistant staphylococci (greater than or equal to 35 mg/l). Sch 34343 also had
      good activity against streptococci. The most unusual aspect of the in-vitro
      activity was its activity against Bacteroides (including Bact. fragilis) and
      other anaerobes. Sch 34343 had mean MICs less than or equal to mg/l for all
      Bacteroides and Clostridium spp. tested except CI. difficile (3.4 mg/l).

PMID- 3875606
TI  - In-vitro evaluation of Sch 34343: antimicrobial activity, beta-lactamase
      stability and inhibition.
AB  - Sch 34343 was compared with representative parenteral beta-lactams including
      monobactams (aztreonam), 1-oxa-beta-lactams (latamoxef), carbapenems (imipenem)
      and cephalosporins (cefamandole, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefsulodin and
      ceftazidime). Sch 34343 was active against the Enterobacteriaceae (MIC50 range,
      0.12-4.0 mg/l) and the facultative Gram-positive cocci (MIC50 range, 0.03-4.0
      mg/l), and was comparable to the third-generation cephalosporins and imipenem.
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Pseudomonas spp. were not susceptible to Sch
      34343. Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria spp. were all susceptible to less
      than or equal to 2.0 mg/l of Sch 34343. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci
      (MIC90, 32 mg/l) appear to be insusceptible to Sch 34343. Sch 34343 inhibited the
      majority of cefotaxime- and gentamicin-resistant bacteria (MICs less than or
      equal to 8.0 mg/l). The new penem was stable to hydrolysis by 11 beta-lactamase
      preparations (both plasmid- and chromosomally-mediated types). Sch 34343
      inhibited beta-lactamases as did other newer cephalosporins.

PMID- 3875605
TI  - Sch 34343, in-vitro antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability.
AB  - The in-vitro activity of Sch 34343, a derivative of Sch 29482, was assessed and
      compared with that of other beta-lactam antibiotics. Nearly all
      Enterobacteriaceae, including ampicillin-resistant strains (MIC greater than or
      equal to 256 mg/l) were inhibited at concentrations ranging from 0.125-8 mg/l.
      The geometric mean MIC values varied from 0.25 mg/l to 2.4 mg/l for Klebsiella
      and Serratia spp., respectively. Sch 34343 did not inhibit Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa. The antibacterial activity was minimally altered by changes of medium
      or inoculum size. The results suggest high stability against plasmid- and
      chromosomally-mediated beta-lactamases. However, crude extracts of four
      Pseudomonas strains did hydrolyse Sch 34343. In addition to the high
      antibacterial activity and the beta-lactamase stability, Sch 34343 markedly
      inhibited most plasmid- and chromosomally-mediated beta-lactamases, with the
      exception of PSE-1 and PSE-4.

PMID- 3875608
TI  - Amino acid sequence of protein alpha-amylase inhibitor from Streptomyces
      griseosporeus YM-25.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of a protein alpha-amylase inhibitor from Streptomyces
      griseosporeus YM-25 (Haim II), which consists of 77 amino acid residues,
      including two disulfide bridges, was determined by conventional methods. One of
      the disulfide bridges was found to be located between Cys(6) and Cys(22), and the
      other between Cys(40) and Cys(67) from the results of structure analyses of the
      two cystine-containing peptides obtained from the thermolysin digest of the
      native inhibitor.

PMID- 3875607
TI  - Ferric iron reductase of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.
AB  - Ferric iron reductase activity was examined in the facultative photosynthetic
      bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. The specific activities of extracts from
      cells grown under phototrophic and aerobic conditions were similar and not
      affected by the concentration of iron in the growth media. The activity was
      resolved by ion-exchange column chromatography into two fractions, designated
      iron reductase A and iron reductase B, with molecular weights of 41,000 and
      32,000, respectively. Both of these soluble cytoplasmic enzymes required the
      presence of flavin mononucleotide for activity and utilized NADH to reduce iron
      supplied as ferric citrate. Iron reductase B was responsible for the majority of
      activity in crude extracts and was purified 556-fold by conventional protein
      purification techniques. The apparent Km values of iron reductase B for NADH,
      Fe3+, and flavin mononucleotide were determined to be 18.2, 8.3, and 3.2 microM,
      respectively.

PMID- 3875609
TI  - Preparation of human salivary alpha-amylase specific monoclonal antibody.
AB  - A mouse hybridoma cell line which produced an anti-human salivary alpha-amylase
      monoclonal antibody was obtained by fusion between mouse spleen cells immunized
      with human salivary alpha-amylase and mouse myeloma cells, followed by screening
      the hybridoma cells by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The hybridoma cell line
      (27-4-1) secreted IgG. The monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma showed
      no inhibitory effect on the activity of human salivary alpha-amylase. The
      specificity and reactivity of this monoclonal antibody were examined by
      determining the activities of human salivary and pancreatic alpha-amylases bound
      to the monoclonal antibody immobilized on polystyrene balls or by enzyme
      immunoassay with the monoclonal antibody conjugated with beta-D-galactosidase.
      The results revealed that the monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma cell
      line was specific for salivary alpha-amylase and absolutely unreactive to
      pancreatic alpha-amylase.

PMID- 3875610
TI  - Increase in Ca2+ permeability of intracellular Ca2+ store membrane of saponin
      treated guinea pig peritoneal macrophages by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate.
AB  - Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) releases Ca2+ from the non-mitochondrial
      Ca2+ store site of various types of cells. To study the mechanisms of the Ca2+
      release from the store site, the effect of InsP3 on the passive Ca2+ release and
      influx, and the active Ca2+ uptake in the presence of oxalate, was examined using
      saponin-treated guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. InsP3 stimulated the passive
      Ca2+ release and influx. Although InsP3 slightly inhibited the active Ca2+ uptake
      in the presence of oxalate, it seems unlikely that the Ca2+ release by this agent
      is caused by the inhibition of the Ca2+ uptake, because the addition of apyrase
      or hexokinase (which removes ATP within 30 s, so that no more Ca2+ can be
      accumulated) or vanadate (which inhibits the Ca2+ uptake) resulted in very slow
      release of Ca2+. These results suggest that the Ca2+ permeability of the Ca2+
      store membrane is increased by InsP3. InsP3 did not cause an increase in the Ca2+
      permeability of phospholipid vesicles (liposomes), indicating that this agent may
      bring about Ca2+ release by a specific effect on the physiologically relevant
      Ca2+ channels or carriers in the non-mitochondrial Ca2+ store site. The passive
      Ca2+ release by InsP3 was enhanced by ATP and an unhydrolyzable ATP analogue, 5'
      adenylyimidodiphosphate, but not by ADP or AMP. The passive Ca2+ release by InsP3
      was observed even at 0 degree C.

PMID- 3875611
TI  - Functional characterization of human blood coagulation factor XIa using hybridoma
      antibodies.
AB  - During the initiation of intrinsic coagulation factors XI and XIa interact
      intimately with several other coagulation proteins (factor XIIa, high Mr
      kininogen, and factor IX) as well as with the platelet surface. To help elucidate
      these complex intramolecular interactions, we have prepared a collection of
      monoclonal antibodies directed against various epitopes in factor XI. We have
      utilized these reagents to isolate factor XI and the light chain of factor XIa on
      affinity columns, and to probe structure-function relationships involved in the
      interactions of factor XIa with factor IX. The isolated light chain of factor XIa
      retained greater than 90% of its amidolytic activity against the oligopeptide
      substrate pyro-Glu-Pro-Arg-pNA (S-2366), but only 3.8% of its clotting activity
      in a factor XIa assay and 1% of its factor IX activating activity in an
      activation peptide release assay. This suggests that regions of the heavy chain
      are required for development of coagulant activity and specifically for the
      interaction of factor XIa with factor IX. To test this hypothesis, the effects of
      three of the monoclonal antibodies (5F4, 1F1, and 3C1) on the function of factor
      XIa were examined. The results show that in a clotting assay the light chain
      specific antibody (5F4) inhibits 100% of the factor XIa activity, whereas of the
      heavy chain-specific antibodies, one (3C1) inhibits 75% and another (1F1) only
      17%. Similarly in the factor IX activation peptide release assay, antibody 5F4
      inhibits 100% of the factor XIa activity, whereas 3C1 inhibits 75% and 1F1
      inhibits 33%. We conclude that regions located in the heavy chain, in addition to
      those in the light chain, are involved in the interaction of factor XIa with
      factor IX and in the expression of the coagulant activity of factor XI.

PMID- 3875612
TI  - Cleavage of human high molecular weight kininogen by factor XIa in vitro. Effect
      on structure and function.
AB  - We have recently demonstrated that human high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK)
      is a pro-cofactor that is cleaved by kallikrein to yield a two-chain cofactor
      (HMWKa) and the nanopeptide bradykinin. This proteolysis enhances its association
      with an activating surface, an event necessary for expression of its cofactor
      activity. We now report that factor XIa is capable of hydrolyzing HMWK and
      releasing bradykinin in a purified system as well as cleaving and inactivating
      HMWK in a plasma environment during the contact-activation process. The profile
      of proteolysis differs from that produced by kallikrein and by factor XIIa in
      that the first cleavage by factor XIa yields 75- and 45-kDa polypeptides, whereas
      both factor XIIa and kallikrein initially produce 65- and 56-kDa species. Further
      proteolysis by all three enzymes eventually produces similar heavy chains (Mr =
      65,000) and light chains (Mr = 45,000). However, the amount of factor XIa
      generated in plasma during contact activation further degrades the light chain of
      HMWK, eventually destroying its coagulant activity. Furthermore, in a purified
      system, enhancement of the degradation of HMWK coagulant activity by factor XIa
      was achieved when kallikrein was included in the incubation mixture, suggesting
      that the preferred substrate for factor XIa is the active form of HMWK (HMWKa),
      and not the pro-cofactor. These data suggest that factor XIa has the potential to
      act as a regulator of contact-activated coagulation by virtue of its ability to
      destroy the cofactor function of HMWK after its generation by either kallikrein,
      factor XIIa, or to a lesser extent, factor XIa, itself.

PMID- 3875613
TI  - A study of the stability of the pertussis component of diphtheria-tetanus
      pertussis (DTP) vaccines.

PMID- 3875614
TI  - Radiology in the diagnosis and management of bone tumours.

PMID- 3875615
TI  - The response to papaverine in coronary artery bypass graft flows.
AB  - During coronary artery bypass surgery graft flows were measured. The measurements
      were made after cardiopulmonary bypass had been discontinued. The recordings were
      made over a ten year period and a total of 1,151 grafts in 720 patients are
      included. Except where the flow down a graft was large, 20 mg of Papaverine were
      injected into the graft and this usually resulted in the flow increasing by at
      least 100%. A satisfactory response was not achieved in 32 of the 538 grafts in
      which Papaverine was injected but subsequent probing of the distal anastomosis
      achieved a markedly improved flow in 80%.

PMID- 3875616
TI  - Fibrosing mediastinitis complicating coronary artery surgery. Use of the
      descending thoracic aorta.
AB  - This case illustrates the previously unreported combination of severe fibrosing
      mediastinitis involving the entire intrapericardial aorta, pulmonary artery, and
      innominate artery in a patient requiring coronary revascularization for chronic
      angina and multivessel coronary artery disease. Due to the mediastinal fibrosis,
      normal revascularization procedures and myocardial preservation techniques were
      altered and are described.

PMID- 3875617
TI  - Basal lamina directs acetylcholinesterase accumulation at synaptic sites in
      regenerating muscle.
AB  - In skeletal muscles that have been damaged in ways which spare the basal lamina
      sheaths of the muscle fibers, new myofibers develop within the sheaths and
      neuromuscular junctions form at the original synaptic sites on them. At the
      regenerated neuromuscular junctions, as at the original ones, the muscle fibers
      are characterized by junctional folds and accumulations of acetylcholine
      receptors and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The formation of junctional folds and
      the accumulation of acetylcholine receptors is known to be directed by components
      of the synaptic portion of the myofiber basal lamina. The aim of this study was
      to determine whether or not the synaptic basal lamina contains molecules that
      direct the accumulation of AChE. We crushed frog muscles in a way that caused
      disintegration and phagocytosis of all cells at the neuromuscular junction, and
      at the same time, we irreversibly blocked AChE activity. New muscle fibers were
      allowed to regenerate within the basal lamina sheaths of the original muscle
      fibers but reinnervation of the muscles was deliberately prevented. We then
      stained for AChE activity and searched the surface of the new muscle fibers for
      deposits of enzyme they had produced. Despite the absence of innervation, AChE
      preferentially accumulated at points where the plasma membrane of the new muscle
      fibers was apposed to the regions of the basal lamina that had occupied the
      synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junctions. We therefore conclude that
      molecules stably attached to the synaptic portion of myofiber basal lamina direct
      the accumulation of AChE at the original synaptic sites in regenerating muscle.
      Additional studies revealed that the AChE was solubilized by collagenase and that
      it remained adherent to basal lamina sheaths after degeneration of the new
      myofibers, indicating that it had become incorporated into the basal lamina, as
      at normal neuromuscular junctions.

PMID- 3875618
TI  - Interaction of epidermal growth factor with initiators and complete carcinogens
      in the C3H10T1/2 cell culture system.
AB  - Unlike 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, epidermal growth factor (EGF) could
      not promote the appearance of type III foci from initiated C3H10T1/2 cells. At
      appropriate concentrations, EGF induced the formation of type II colonies in the
      absence of any initiator. At higher concentrations, EGF suppressed the induction
      of both type II and type III colonies elicited by methylcholanthrene.

PMID- 3875619
TI  - Anti-idiotypic antibody identifies the cellular receptor of reovirus type 3.
AB  - The binding and subsequent infectivity of reovirus to target cells are mediated
      by interaction with specific cell surface viral receptors. To gain a more
      detailed understanding of the biochemistry of the reovirus receptor and the
      cellular consequences of viral attachment, we have studied the binding of type 3
      reovirus (Dearing strain) in a quantitative manner utilizing an antiidiotypic
      antibody probe. A syngeneic monoclonal antiidiotypic antibody (87.92.6) was
      prepared by immunization with hybridoma cells which secrete an antireovirus
      hemagglutinin-specific antibody. This antiidiotypic antibody was previously shown
      to specifically recognize the cell surface receptor for reovirus type 3. In this
      report, we demonstrate that antiidiotype mimicked reovirus tropism in binding to
      murine thymomas; antiidiotype inhibited the binding of reovirus to specific
      targets, but not the binding of anti-H-2; and cross linking of receptor-bound
      antiidiotype by antiimmunoglobulin induced patching, but not capping of reovirus
      receptors. Utilizing radiolabeled antiidiotype, we next quantitate the number of
      reovirus receptors on R1.1 and YAC thymoma cells and, finally, report on the
      preliminary identification of the reovirus receptor as a 67,000-Da membrane
      glycoprotein.

PMID- 3875620
TI  - Tomographic mapping of brain intracellular pH and extracellular water space in
      stroke patients.
AB  - Functional images of regional intracellular pH (pHi) and of fractional volume of
      extracellular water (FVECW) were obtained in 10 patients with recent hemispheric
      infarction (between 10 and 19 days after onset of symptoms) using positron
      emission tomography (PET). The volume of extracellular water relative to that of
      total water was evaluated in each pixel of the PET scan 7-8 h after injection of
      76Br. The pHi image was calculated from the data obtained after injection of
      [11C]5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione and from the FVECW image. Regional CBF,
      oxygen extraction, and oxygen metabolism were also measured in the same patients.
      In normal hemisphere, mean +/- SD values for FVECW and pHi were 0.12 +/- 0.01 and
      6.86 +/- 0.11, respectively. FVECW was increased in the infarcted area in most
      patients. pHi was increased in the infarct in seven patients and unchanged in
      three. The increase in pHi was not correlated with changes in FVECW, CBF, or
      CMRO2, but there was a significant correlation with the decrease in oxygen
      extraction fraction in the same region. Thus, the decreased H+ content in the
      infarcted area was correlated with the occurrence of perfusion in excess of
      metabolic demand. An alkaline shift in pHi enhances the glycolysis rate and could
      explain why the glucose metabolism is less affected than the oxygen metabolism in
      recent cerebral infarction. The pHi measured in the infarct could represent
      mainly the pHi of phagocytic cells that use aerobic glycolysis to synthesize
      hydrogen peroxide.

PMID- 3875621
TI  - Standardized mean regional method for calculating global positron emission
      tomographic measurements.
AB  - A new "mean regional" method for calculating global hemispheric values of blood
      flow, blood volume, and metabolism with positron emission tomography is
      presented. It is based on a standardized set of regions defined according to
      coordinates in a stereotactic atlas of the brain. Region locations in each
      individual scan were determined by a localization technique that is independent
      of the appearance of the physiological images. Measurements obtained with this
      mean regional method minimize contributions from nonbrain structures such as
      ventricles or venous sinuses and provide the necessary basis for comparisons
      among different subjects and laboratories.

PMID- 3875622
TI  - High-performance liquid affinity chromatography of beta-lactamase.
AB  - New silica and organic polymer-based, wide-pore, affinity chromatographic phases
      have been developed for beta-lactamase purification. The resins have been
      evaluated in terms of binding capacity, ligand coverage, protein recovery and
      long-term stability of activated resins prior to ligand attachment. The columns
      have been applied to the isolation of beta-lactamase from fermentation media.
      Protein purity following high-performance liquid affinity chromatography was
      assessed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 3875623
TI  - Characterization of recombinant human interleukin-2 with micromethods.
AB  - Highly purified recombinant human interleukin-2, expressed in Escherichia coli,
      was analyzed by micromethods. N-Terminal sequence analysis showed that methionine
      at position 0 was found in 90% of the molecules and not completely removed in
      post-ribosomal processing. A complete peptide map of the reduced and S
      carboxymethylated protein was obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography
      after tryptic digestion, and the fragments were identified by amino acid analysis
      and automated Edman sequence analysis. Using a double-label S-carboxymethylation
      procedure, it was determined that there is a disulfide linkage between the
      cysteine residues at positions 58 and 105. The third cysteine residue at position
      125 was found to be present as the free sulfhydryl.

PMID- 3875624
TI  - Isolation and characterization of two minor fractions of alpha 1-antitrypsin by
      high-performance liquid chromatographic chromatofocusing.
AB  - alpha 1-Antitrypsin is a glycoprotein that separates into five electrophoretic
      fractions, viz. M2, M4, M6, M7 and M8. Con A-Sepharose separates the protein into
      three fractions according to the branching degree of the three oligosaccharide
      chains. The Con A affinity is identical for M4 and M7 and for M6 and M8. Within
      each pair the proteins were isolated by rapid chromatofocusing. The M7 and M8
      have the same carbohydrate structure as the major M4 and M6 respectively, but
      have lost the first five N-terminal amino acids (Glu-Asp-Pro-Glu-Gly) as compared
      to the majority of the protein.

PMID- 3875625
TI  - Determination of metabolites of cytochrome P-450 model systems using high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatographic techniques were developed for the
      simultaneous detection of metabolites in a cytochrome P-450 model system composed
      of NADH, haemoglobin and methylene blue. Monohydroxylated metabolites were
      determined following aniline, acetanilide and phenol hydroxylations. 4
      Aminoantipyrine, 7-hydroxycoumarin and p-nitrophenol were determined after
      dealkylation of 4-N,N-dimethylamino-antipyrine, 7-ethoxycoumarin and p
      nitroanisole. These substrates are commonly used for measuring cytochrome P-450
      activities. Treatment of the samples was minimal, consisting of a simple
      deproteinization, and did not involve any organic extraction. Separations were
      carried out on reversed-phase columns and the products were detected by UV
      adsorption. Separations were completed in less than 15 min and the detection
      limits were between 0.5 and 4 microM.

PMID- 3875626
TI  - Interleukin 2 production in whole blood culture: a rapid test of immunity to
      Francisella tularensis.
AB  - The measurement of interleukin 2 from antigen-stimulated whole blood culture
      supernatants was used to detect cell-mediated immunity in subjects sensitized
      against Francisella tularensis. The amount of interleukin 2 produced
      differentiated a positive immune reaction sensitively and reliably in a 24-h
      culture. Whole blood culturing is an easy method for producing interleukin 2.

PMID- 3875627
TI  - Occupational exposure and cigarette smoking: respiratory health protection in the
      workplace.

PMID- 3875628
TI  - Evidence for a mouse mesangial cell-derived factor that stimulates lymphocyte
      proliferation.
AB  - The functions of the glomerular mesangium are served by at least two populations
      of cells--a cell bearing microfilaments that regulates blood flow, and a
      phagocytic cell bearing Ia determinants and Fc receptors. We provide evidence
      that mouse mesangial cells (bearing microfilaments) produce a factor(s) that
      stimulates spleen cell proliferation. The factor(s) appears to act via
      monocytes/macrophages, since its stimulatory activity is abrogated by prior
      depletion of the responding mononuclear cell population of monocytes/macrophages.
      Confirmation of its action on macrophages was documented by experiments that
      showed that medium from macrophages incubated with mesangial cell supernatant
      contained greater amounts of a factor that stimulated [3H]thymidine uptake by
      macrophage-depleted spleen cell populations. By the cothymocyte proliferation
      assay, it could be shown that mesangial cell supernatant induced splenic
      macrophage production of interleukin-1-like activity. Preliminary
      characterization reveals the factor to have a molecular weight greater than
      100,000. Thus, a novel function is delineated for this mesangial cell type that
      appears capable of modulating the local immune response by providing an
      amplification signal.

PMID- 3875629
TI  - Phorbol diesters stimulate the development of an early murine progenitor cell.
      The burst-forming unit-megakaryocyte.
AB  - When murine (C57BL/6) bone marrow cells are cultivated with WEHI-3 conditioned
      media, a source of megakaryocyte-colony-stimulating activity (Mk-CSA), and
      phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a previously undetected population of
      megakaryocyte (Mk) progenitor cells is observed. These new Mk colonies are
      reminiscent of erythroid bursts, in that they contain large numbers (40-500) of
      Mk and multiple foci (2-7) of development. These burst-forming units, Mk (BFU
      Mk), are defined as having greater than or equal to 42 cells/colony and, at
      least, three foci of Mk development (colonies grown in soft agar cultures, all
      studies done at limiting dilutions; colonies detected by acetylcholinesterase
      [ACh-E] staining). CFU-Mk and BFU-Mk require two activities for optimal growth:
      Mk-CSA and PMA. However, the BFU-Mk require a tenfold greater concentration of
      PMA for optimal development (10(-6) vs. 10(-7) M). BFU-Mk detection is linear
      (over a range of 25-100 X 10(3) cells/ml), with the regression line passing
      through the origin. Bone marrow frequencies of these two progenitor cells are CFU
      Mk, 36.7 +/- 2.5, and BFU-Mk, 7.3 +/- 0.7 per 10(5) total nucleated cells (mean
      +/- SEM; n = 28). The BFU-Mk have a restricted velocity sedimentation range (3.3
      4.5 mmh-1 vs. 3.3-6.8 mmh-1 for CFU-Mk). Modal buoyant densities are 1.068 +/-
      0.0002 and 1.070 +/- 0.002 for BFU-Mk and CFU-Mk, respectively. Thus, these cells
      are found among the smallest and less dense of the Mk progenitors, and are not
      clumps or clusters of CFU-Mk. Kinetic analysis indicates that CFU-Mk require 5-7
      d for optimal growth, whereas BFU-Mk require 10-12 d. Examination of the
      proliferative potential (cells per colony) shows 19.3 +/- 1.5 cells per colony (n
      = 246 colonies) for day 10 CFU-Mk, vs. 118 +/- 6.0 for day 10 BFU-Mk (n = 163).
      Analysis of the cellularity/subcolony within each burst indicates 37.0 +/- 2.1 (n
      = 146) Mk/colony and 3.9 +/- 0.1 subcolonies/burst (n = 100). Finally, greater
      than 90% of the BFU-Mk contain only ACh-E positive cells, indicating that these
      are not mixed colonies. These results indicate that the BFU-Mk, compared with the
      CFU-Mk, require an increased amount of stimulation in order to differentiate,
      show delayed in vitro development, and have a higher proliferative potential.
      These data are consistent with the hypothesis that these cells are early
      progenitor cells in the Mk lineage that antedate the CFU-Mk.

PMID- 3875630
TI  - Distinct clonotypes of anti-DNA antibodies in mice with lupus nephritis.
AB  - Clonotypes of IgG anti-DNA antibodies were studied by isoelectric focusing in
      various autoimmune mice with or without lethal lupus nephritis. MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr
      mice exhibited the most heterogeneous spectrotypes of anti-DNA antibodies in the
      pH range from 6.5 to 8.5, with marked variation in individual mice. Female (NZB X
      NZW)F1 mice expressed rather uniform DNA-binding bands composed of at least five
      to six distinct subgroups, having isoelectric points from 6.5 to 8.0. Male BXSB
      mice showed major characteristic bands confined to alkaline pH range from 7.8 to
      8.5, similar to C57BL/6J-lpr/lpr mice, which showed markedly restricted bands in
      this region. Both AKR/J-lpr/lpr and C3H/HeJ-lpr/lpr mice expressed DNA-binding
      bands mostly focused between pH 6.5 and 8.2. The aging study indicated that three
      autoimmune mice (MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr, [NZB X NZW]F1, and male BXSB) that developed
      fatal glomerulonephritis showed clonal expansion of anti-DNA antibodies
      throughout their life. In contrast, such age-dependent expansion of anti-DNA
      clonotypes was not evident in three lpr cogenic mice (C57BL/6J-lpr/lpr, AKR/J
      lpr/lpr, and C3H/HeJ-lpr/lpr) that developed only mild glomerulonephritis;
      rather, their expression of anti-DNA spectrotypes diminished as they aged. Anti
      DNA activities in renal eluates from nephritic autoimmune mice were mostly
      distributed in the pH range from 6.5 to 8.0, without significant concentrations
      in the high alkaline range of more than pH 8.0. These results suggest that there
      exist distinct anti-DNA clonotypes in each mouse strain and that the development
      of lupus nephritis does not appear to be associated with particular spectrotypes
      of anti-DNA antibodies. Rather, the age-dependent expansion of anti-DNA
      clonotypes may be a feature more characteristic of mice developing lethal lupus
      nephritis.

PMID- 3875631
TI  - Familial systemic lupus erythematosus. Presence of a cross-reactive idiotype in
      healthy family members.
AB  - Sera of 27 members of 3 human kindreds with familial systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE) were examined for expression of a cross-reactive idiotype present on anti
      DNA antibodies of SLE patients. By radioimmunoassay, serum samples from 6 of 8
      SLE patients and 15 of 19 family members had high-titered reactivity with the
      antiidiotype, 3I. Isoelectric focusing and Western blot analysis of 3I-reactive
      bands revealed two patterns of reactivity: either a pattern of bands present at
      pH 5-7, or bands present at pH 5-7 with additional bands present at pH 7-8.5.
      Cationic bands were found to correlate with the presence of anti-DNA antibodies,
      indicating that immunoglobulin charge may be a factor in determining specificity
      for DNA. Millipore filter analysis revealed anti-DNA antibodies in sera of 4 of 8
      SLE patients and 2 of 19 family members without SLE. In 2 additional SLE patients
      and 2 additional family members, anti-DNA antibodies were revealed when sera were
      analyzed under conditions that dissociate immune complexes. This study indicates
      that expression of an idiotype associated with anti-DNA antibodies is
      significantly increased in relatives of SLE patients and usually occurs in the
      absence of anti-DNA activity.

PMID- 3875632
TI  - Identification of immunostimulatory dendritic cells in the synovial effusions of
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Dendritic cells in the circulation are leukocytes that are rich in Ia antigens
      and that actively stimulate T cell replication. We have identified dendritic
      cells in the joint effusions of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. By phase
      contrast and immunofluorescence microscopy, synovial mononuclear cells contained
      1-5% dendritic profiles that were rich in HLA-DR and DQ, had small amounts of
      C3bi receptor, and lacked a battery of monocyte and lymphocyte markers. These
      dendritic cells could be enriched to 60-80% purity by cytolytic depletion of
      monocytes and lymphocytes with a group of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) and
      complement. By transmission electron microscopy, the dendritic cell processes
      were bulbous in shape and lacked organelles. The cytoplasm had few lysosomes or
      endocytic vacuoles but contained a well-developed smooth reticulum that was
      comparable to that previously described in the Ia-rich interdigitating cells of
      lymphoid tissues. The growth of sodium periodate-modified T lymphocytes was used
      as a rapid quantitative assay of accessory cell function. Synovial mononuclear
      cells were some ten times more active than normal blood cells. Treatment with
      alpha-Ia MAb and complement ablated stimulatory function. In contrast, removal of
      monocytes (MAb, 3C10) or monocytes and B (MAb, BA-1) plus T (MAb, OKT3, or T101)
      lymphocytes did not significantly alter total activity, and the function per
      viable cell increased four- to eightfold. We conclude that rheumatoid arthritis
      synovial fluids contain cells that are comparable in function, phenotype, and
      structure to blood dendritic cells, although the frequency (1-5%) is 10 times
      greater in joints. The reason for their accumulation in the articular cavity is
      not known, but dendritic cells may be important in perpetuating the joint
      inflammation characteristic of this disease.

PMID- 3875633
TI  - Elevated factor Xa activity in the blood of asymptomatic patients with congenital
      antithrombin deficiency.
AB  - The presence of congenital antithrombin deficiency has been consistently shown to
      predispose patients to venous thrombosis. We have utilized the prothrombin
      fragment F1+2 radioimmunoassay to quantitate factor Xa activity in the blood of
      22 asymptomatic individuals with this clinical disorder not receiving
      antithrombotic therapy. The mean level of F1+2 was significantly elevated in
      these patients as compared to normal controls (3.91 vs. 1.97 nM, P less than
      0.001). The metabolic behavior of 131 I-F1+2 was found to be similar in
      antithrombin-deficient subjects and normal individuals. The hemostatic system
      hyperactivity as measured by the F1+2 assay could be specifically corrected by
      raising the plasma antithrombin levels of the above asymptomatic individuals into
      the normal range. This study provides the first demonstration that the
      prethrombotic state can be biochemically defined as an imbalance between the
      production and inhibition of factor Xa enzymatic activity within the human
      circulation. It is known that antithrombin and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (PI)
      are the major inhibitors of factor Xa in human plasma in the absence of heparin.
      To further evaluate the mechanism by which antithrombin functions as an inhibitor
      of factor Xa in humans, we studied five patients who exhibited severe congenital
      deficiencies of alpha 1-PI. Our results indicated that the plasma of these
      subjects showed virtually identical decreases in plasma antifactor Xa activity in
      the absence of heparin when compared to antithrombin-deficient individuals, but
      the plasma F1+2 levels in the alpha 1-PI deficient population were not
      significantly different than normal. This data suggests that alpha 1-PI does not
      function as a major inhibitor of factor Xa in vivo, and that a tonically active
      heparin-dependent mechanism exists in humans for accelerating the neutralization
      of this enzyme by antithrombin.

PMID- 3875634
TI  - Serial studies of autologous antibody reactivity to melanoma. Relationship to
      clinical course and circulating immune complexes.
AB  - The low titer and incidence of autologous antibody to melanoma has hampered its
      evaluation. Through acid dissociation and ultrafiltration of serum, we have been
      able to augment the autologous immune response in 9 of 10 patients studied. This
      result suggests that autologous antibody is present in most patients with
      melanoma, but is obscured by circulating antigen and the formation of immune
      complexes. Because native antibody and antibody derived from circulating immune
      complexes are produced by the host against physiologically relevant antigens,
      correlations can be made to clinical course. Serological studies of three
      patients with melanoma were performed with serum samples obtained over many
      months; these studies demonstrated correlations with tumor progression and
      clinical course. Serial serologic studies may yet provide one of the better ways
      to evaluate these relationships. They have the advantage of detecting transient
      events that may occur with the inception of metastatic disease or autoimmune
      phenomena, and of avoiding the difficulties encountered in comparing antibody
      responses between different individuals.

PMID- 3875635
TI  - Plasma protein binding of bepridil.
AB  - The binding of the calcium-channel blocking agent, bepridil HCl (Vascor), to
      plasma proteins was investigated using radiolabeled bepridil and equilibrium
      dialysis. Greater than 99.7% of added bepridil-14C was found to freshly collected
      human plasma. The binding was characterized by a saturable high-affinity site (KD
      = 32 ng/mL = 87 nM) on alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) or on an AAG-human serum
      albumin complex and lower affinity binding sites on albumin and other plasma
      macromolecules. Bepridil that is not bound to plasma proteins is extensively
      distributed into erythrocytes as evidenced by a red blood cell to free drug
      distribution coefficient of 71 +/- 7. Despite this high value, the blood to
      plasma ratio of bepridil averaged only 0.67 in humans, indicating that most of
      the circulating drug is bound to plasma proteins. Bepridil protein binding was
      not affected by additions of nonesterified fatty acids. Free fractions of
      bepridil were enhanced by addition of verapamil, nifedipine, diltiazem,
      disopyramide, and warfarin but only at concentrations above those achieved
      clinically. Bepridil was also displaced by the plasticizer, tris-(2
      butoxyethyl)phosphate. Plasma obtained from a small number of angina patients
      prior to bepridil administration showed no differences in ability to bind
      bepridil compared with plasma obtained from healthy subjects.

PMID- 3875636
TI  - Clinical and serologic expression of localized scleroderma. Case report and
      review of the literature.
AB  - A patient is presented in whom both linear scleroderma and eosinophilic fasciitis
      developed. The latter is rare in childhood. A positive antinuclear antibody, a
      positive rheumatoid factor, and seizures also developed. In reviewing the
      literature, we concluded that the clinical and histologic pattern of cutaneous
      sclerosis may be more valuable than serologic findings in predicting both the
      likelihood of, and the expected sites for, systemic involvement. The literature
      also suggests that central nervous system (CNS) involvement is rare in most
      sclerosing syndromes but that linear scleroderma may be associated with CNS or
      spinal disease. The ipsilateral association of linear scleroderma and seizure
      focus in this patient, as well as the focal onset of these seizures, is unusual
      and suggests an association between the seizure disorder and the linear cutaneous
      sclerosis.

PMID- 3875637
TI  - Differentiation of cerebellopontine angle neuromas and meningiomas with MR
      imaging.
AB  - Postcontrast CT of the temporal bone is the neuroradiological study of choice for
      investigation of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) and internal auditory canal (IAC)
      lesions. Nonenhancing or small lesions may need CT combined with air or
      metrizamide cisternography for their detection. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging
      has shown interesting capabilities as a noninvasive study for the visualization
      of the IAC, the neural bundle entering the canal, the brain stem, and cerebellum.
      In the present series of 24 cases, MR imaging detected the lesion in all 11
      verified tumors. We feel that MR can replace invasive air and metrizamide
      cisternography in the diagnosis of CPA lesions and can help in the
      differentiation between acoustic neuromas and meningiomas.

PMID- 3875638
TI  - Regional cerebral blood flow assessed by 133Xe inhalation and emission
      tomography: normal values.
AB  - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the cerebral hemispheres and the
      cerebellum was measured by single photon emission computed tomography with
      inhalation of 133Xe in 39 normal volunteers at test. The goal of this study was
      to assess the normal flow pattern and its variations. Five parallel tomographic
      slices through the brain were recorded with a resolution element of 1.7 X 1.7 X
      2.0 cm (full width at half maximum). The blood flow distribution showed that the
      predominantly gray matter areas displayed flow approximately double that of the
      predominantly white matter regions. The CBF distribution was practically
      symmetrical with a side-to-side difference averaging 1.4 +/- 1.4 ml/100 g/min.
      This means that a difference exceeding 4.2 ml/100 g/min (approximately 9% of mean
      CBF) is abnormal with a confidence level of below 5%. The measured average CBF
      and cerebellar blood flow were 56 +/- 7 and 54 +/- 6 ml/100 g/min (mean +/- 1
      SD), respectively. A significant correlation was found between CBF and PCO2, and
      between CBF and age. Repeat measurements in an additional 30 subjects showed a
      day-to-day variability of -0.2 +/- 6.4 ml/100 g/min of the difference between the
      first and the second measurement. This corresponds to random methodological and
      biological errors of 6.4/square root 2 = 4.6 ml/100 g/min and is a measure of the
      overall intraindividual variability. Xenon-133 tomography is atraumatic and
      affords rCBF images free of the superposition artifacts that practically
      invalidate the nontomographic approaches in the studies of cerebrovascular
      disease. The rCBF tomograms are blurred, particularly due to Compton scatter.
      Relative to this factor, the errors caused by local variations in the
      tissue:blood partition coefficient are less important.

PMID- 3875639
TI  - Design and evaluation of a positron emission tomograph: HEADTOME III.
AB  - A high performance positron emission tomograph, HEADTOME III, with 480 bismuth
      germanate oxide detectors (13.4 X 25.0 X 40.0 mm), arranged in three rings of 750
      mm diameter, with independent shadow masks and septa, is described. Image plane
      resolution at the center of the field of view (FOV) is 7.9 and 6.5 mm full width
      at half maximum (FWHM) in low resolution (LR) and high resolution (HR) mode,
      respectively. Axial resolution is 13.1, 11.3, and 9.1 mm FWHM at the center of
      FOV for direct planes of low quantitation (LQ), cross planes of LQ, and high
      quantitation (HQ) mode, respectively. Sensitivities evaluated by true events for
      a 68Ga 20 cm diameter cyclindrical pool were 34.5 (56.7), 16.4 (27.5), 19.4 and
      9.5 kcps (muCi/ml)-1 with the direct (cross) planes of LQLR, direct (cross)
      planes of LQHR, and direct planes of HQLR and HQHR, respectively. The fraction of
      scattered coincidence in a cold spot phantom after software correction is 2.5% in
      LRLQ mode. Count rate linearity after software correction is within 1% up to 50 X
      10(3) true events per second per plane with LRLQ mode.

PMID- 3875640
TI  - Performance characteristics of Positologica III: a whole-body positron emission
      tomograph.
AB  - A whole-body, multislice positron emission tomograph, Positologica III, has been
      constructed based on a sampling method "positology." The scanner consists of four
      continuously rotating detector rings with 192 bismuth germanate (BGO) crystals
      (12 X 24 X 24 mm) arranged at irregular intervals along each ring, providing
      seven tomographic images at 16 mm intervals simultaneously, for a total axial
      coverage of 12 cm. The patient aperture is 54 cm in diameter, and the field of
      view is 40 cm in diameter and 12 cm in depth. Newly developed dual
      photomultiplier tubes are used with 12 mm wide BGO crystals to provide a packing
      ratio of 0.894. The spatial resolution at the center of the field is 7.6 mm full
      width at half maximum, and 2.5 mm hot spots were delineated in the Derenzo
      phantom. The sensitivity for a 20 cm diameter cylindrical phantom is 34.2 and
      52.2 kcps/muCi/ml for true planes and cross planes, respectively. In clinical
      studies the posterior papillary muscle of the heart was visualized in the
      myocardial scan, and the lung behind the pulmonary artery was also visualized in
      the pulmonary ventilation scan. These results suggest that our machine has
      sufficient resolution for most of the clinical studies of the body.

PMID- 3875641
TI  - Acoustic vibration of the amphibian eardrum studied by white noise analysis and
      holographic interferometry.
AB  - The motion of the amphibian eardrum under free-field acoustic stimulation was
      investigated using time-averaged holography. We show that the amplitude is
      linearly related to sound pressure up to +/- 1000 nm. The frequency response of
      the eardrum shows broad resonance characteristics with a main peak between 1200
      2200 Hz. The velocity of the tympanic membrane's motion at its resonance
      frequency matches the acoustic velocity of air particles. The resonance
      characteristics of the eardrum are also revealed by white noise stimulation. The
      power spectrum obtained by Fourier transformation of the autocorrelation of the
      response to noise resembles closely that obtained by holography.

PMID- 3875642
TI  - Atrial level right to left intracardiac shunt associated with postoperative
      hypoxemia: demonstration with contrast two-dimensional echocardiography.
AB  - Transient hypoxemia is not uncommon after major cardiac or thoracic surgery. The
      differential diagnosis includes atelectasis, pulmonary embolus, pneumonitis,
      congestive heart failure and several other diverse cardiovascular and pulmonary
      problems. Less well recognized is transient right to left intracardiac shunting
      through a patient foramen ovale or previously unsuspected atrial septal defect.
      Three cases of clinically important hypoxemia associated with right to left
      shunting after aortocoronary bypass surgery are presented. The right to left
      shunting was documented with contrast-enhanced echocardiography, which is a
      simple, inexpensive and accurate means of screening patients for intracardiac
      right to left shunts and may play a valuable role in the postoperative management
      of patients.

PMID- 3875643
TI  - Complement proteins and C3 anaphylatoxin in the tears of patients with
      conjunctivitis.
AB  - Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated pollen-specific IgG
      antibodies in the tears of patients with vernal conjunctivitis (VC) and elevated
      tear IgG levels in patients with contact lens-induced giant papillary
      conjunctivitis (GPC). Tear secretions were examined for complement (C) proteins
      to determine the role of this effector system in the pathogenesis of these ocular
      disorders. The tears of VC (15) and GPC (10) patients with active disease had
      elevated tear levels of both C3 and factor B. By use of transferrin as a marker
      for the leakage of plasma proteins into the tears, most C3 was locally produced
      by the conjunctival tissues. Although immune complexes could not be detected in
      the tear secretions, increased levels of C3 des Arg were present in the tears
      that suggested complement activation with the generation of anaphylatoxins. These
      studies suggest that complement may be important in the inflammatory ocular
      process of VC and GPC and that the generation of anaphylatoxins (C3a), even by
      nonimmune mechanisms, may contribute to basophil and mast cell activation with
      the release of inflammatory mediators into the tear secretions.

PMID- 3875644
TI  - Size and composition of the informal helper networks of elderly blacks.
AB  - Research on the informal support networks of older persons recognizes that
      network size and composition (i.e., family vs. nonkin) may have important
      consequences for care. Factors that determine these aspects of networks among
      older blacks, however, have not been explored systematically. The present study
      examined the relationship of a group of sociodemographic, health, family, and
      availability factors to the size and composition of the informal support network.
      The data were taken from the National Survey of Black Americans and constitute a
      nationally representative sample (N = 581) of older blacks (55 years and older).
      The results for several of the sociodemographic factors (i.e., sex and marital
      status) are consistent with previous work. Regional differences in network
      dimensions, however, suggest new areas of inquiry. The findings underscore the
      importance of availability and family factors in support relationships and the
      relative ineffectiveness of health factors as predictors of network size and
      composition.

PMID- 3875645
TI  - [Comparison of the effects of electroacupuncture on blood pressure and pain
      sensation in man].

PMID- 3875646
TI  - [Value of the measurement of SP1 protein in the early diagnosis of pregnancy
      induced with Pregnyl].
AB  - Successive dilutions of Pregnyl have been submitted to a radioimmunoassay of SP1.
      We have observed that Pregnyl cross-reacts with SP1. Chromatography of Pregnyl
      demonstrates that the contaminating substance is different from native SP1. As
      its concentration is low, it is however not detected in the serum of patients
      after the administration of exogenous Pregnyl. SP1 measurement can be helpful in
      detecting early pregnancies after hCG induction of ovulation.

PMID- 3875647
TI  - Pediatric epiglottitis.

PMID- 3875648
TI  - Resources for treatment of arthritis in Indiana.

PMID- 3875649
TI  - B lymphocyte production in the bone marrow of mice with X-linked immunodeficiency
      (xid).
AB  - CBA/N mice carry an X-linked recessive immunodeficiency (xid) gene manifested by
      the absence of a B lymphocyte subpopulation, but the manner in which the xid gene
      exerts its effect on B lymphocyte development is unknown. The production of B
      lymphocytes in the bone marrow of CBA/N mice has now been compared with that of
      normal CBA/J mice by using two in vivo assays: immunofluorescence stathmokinetic
      studies measured pre-B cell proliferation, whereas radioautographic [3H]thymidine
      labeling was used to evaluate small lymphocyte turnover. Although the total
      cellularity of CBA/N mouse bone marrow was greater than normal, the absolute
      number of marrow small lymphocytes, pre-B cells, and B lymphocytes were all
      similar to those in CBA/J controls. Furthermore, in the bone marrow of CBA/N
      mice, the proliferation rate of pre-B cells, calculated from their rate of entry
      into mitosis, and the turnover rate of small lymphocytes, derived from their rate
      of [3H]thymidine labeling, were not significantly different from those seen in
      nondefective mice. The present findings that pre-B cell proliferation and small
      lymphocyte production proceed at similar rates in the bone marrow of xid and
      normal mice suggest that the xid gene does not act at the level of primary B cell
      genesis in the bone marrow. The findings are in accord with the view that the xid
      gene produces a maturation block or a functional abnormality among B lymphocytes
      in the peripheral lymphoid tissues rather than the deletion of a sublineage of B
      lymphocytes in the bone marrow.

PMID- 3875650
TI  - Postnatal liver hemopoiesis in mice: generation of pre-B cells, granulocytes, and
      erythrocytes in discrete colonies.
AB  - Morphologic analysis of hemopoietic tissue in mouse liver reveals the persistence
      of erythropoietic, granulopoietic, and lymphopoietic activity for approximately 2
      wk after birth. Near the end of the first postnatal week, we noted a remarkable
      reorganization of the hemopoietic cells that was characterized by a transition
      from a diffuse distribution of mixed erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid elements to
      a focal pattern of discrete hemopoietic colonies scattered among the cords of
      hepatic parenchymal cells. Each hemopoietic focus contained cells progressing
      along a single differentiation pathway (i.e., erythroid, myeloid, or lymphoid
      cells). Megakaryocytes were seen as solitary cells surrounded by hepatocytes.
      This pattern of colonization was observed in all strains of mice examined. In the
      livers of mice with known hemopoietic defects, however, differences were found in
      the duration of postnatal hemopoiesis. Accessory cells with macrophage-like
      features were consistently observed in erythropoietic foci, but were rarely seen
      in lymphoid foci. The latter were formed by pre-B cells identifiable by the
      presence of cytoplasmic mu-heavy chains and the absence of light chain
      expression. The occurrence of discrete colonies of erythroid, myeloid, and pre-B
      lymphoid cells in the postnatal liver suggests that each is derived from a
      single, committed precursor cell. This anatomical compartmentalization according
      to cell type offers a useful model system for analysis of hemopoietic
      differentiation and of the generation of clonal diversity among B lineage cells.

PMID- 3875651
TI  - Activation through CD3 molecule leads to clonal expansion of all human peripheral
      blood T lymphocytes: functional analysis of clonally expanded cells.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies directed against CD3, a T cell-specific surface molecule
      essentially required for activation of these cells, are highly mitogenic for
      resting human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. A predetermined optimal
      concentration of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody WT32 was employed to activate T
      cells cultured in limiting-dilution microcultures containing irradiated feeder
      cells and exogeneous interleukin 2. Frequencies of cells triggered into clonal
      expansion by WT32 under these culture conditions were 0.57 to 0.72 and 0.90 to
      1.10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and E rosette-positive cells,
      respectively. It appeared that WT32 could induce virtually every human peripheral
      blood T lymphocyte to expand into a clonal progeny of 5 to 40 X 10(4) cells in 14
      to 18 days of culture. This progeny was tested for cytolytic effector function
      with 51Cr-labeled murine P815 targets in the presence of PHA to detect all
      cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) regardless of specificity, and was also assayed for
      natural killer like activity against K562 target cells. Frequencies of cells in
      the human peripheral blood T cell compartment giving rise to a clonal progeny
      expressing CTL function was 1/3, whereas 1/6 to 1/5 expanded into effector cell
      populations possessing NK activity. Frequency analysis of CD4-positive and CD8
      positive populations, activated by WT32 in limiting dilution microcultures,
      demonstrated that 1 to 6% of the CD4-positive and 100% of the CD8-positive
      peripheral blood T lymphocytes expanded into CTL.

PMID- 3875652
TI  - Specific and shared idiotypes found on hybridoma anti-DNA autoantibodies derived
      from rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
AB  - The idiotype determinants found on hybridoma anti-DNA autoantibodies produced
      from the fusion of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 13 systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) and five rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with the GM 4672
      human lymphoblastoid line were analyzed. A total of 47 SLE and 21 RA hybridomas
      were studied, of which 26 SLE and 10 RA produced anti-DNA autoantibodies. Rabbit
      antisera, raised to six of the SLE hybridoma anti-DNA IgM antibodies, were
      rendered idiotype specific by multiple absorptions on human IgM and IgG
      immunoabsorbent columns. In direct binding radioimmunoassays, all six anti
      idiotype antisera reacted specifically with the anti-DNA antibody used as
      immunogen. In competition studies, five anti-idiotype antisera were able to
      inhibit the binding of their homologous idiotype to DNA-coated tubes. In
      addition, DNA and polynucleotides inhibited the binding of the five idiotypes to
      anti-idiotype-coated tubes, suggesting that these anti-idiotypes react with
      idiotype determinants located within the antigen-combining sites of the anti-DNA
      antibody molecules. Shared idiotypes were detected among the 68 hybridoma
      antibodies by direct binding studies on anti-idiotype-coated tubes. Our results
      revealed that 58% (21/36) of the anti-DNA antibodies and 16% (5/32) of the non
      DNA-binding antibodies reacted with at least one anti-idiotype serum. Five anti
      idiotype antisera reacted only with hybridoma anti-DNA antibodies from SLE
      patients. The other anti-idiotype antiserum reacted with both SLE- and RA-derived
      hybridoma anti-DNA and non-DNA-binding antibodies. These studies indicate that
      some anti-idiotype antisera may detect specific idiotypes found only on SLE
      derived anti-DNA auto-antibodies, whereas other antisera detect shared idiotypes
      found on both RA and SLE DNA-binding and non-DNA-binding antibodies.

PMID- 3875654
TI  - Two defects in old New Zealand Black mice are involved in the loss of low-dose
      paralysis to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide.
AB  - Treatment of normal mice with a subimmunogenic dose of type III pneumococcal
      polysaccharide (SSS-III) results in the development of an antigen-specific state
      of unresponsiveness termed low-dose paralysis. This unresponsiveness is mediated
      by T suppressor cells and can be transferred by Lyt-2+ T cells, but not by L3T4+
      T cells, obtained 18 hr after priming. As autoimmune New Zealand Black (NZB) mice
      age, there is a progressive decrease in low-dose paralysis to SSS-III. The defect
      in older NZB mice resulting in decreased suppressive activity was investigated by
      transferring primed Lyt-2+ T cells from young into old mice, and vice versa.
      Enlarged Lyt-2+ T cells from old NZB mice could not suppress the SSS-III response
      of young recipients. However, Lyt-2+ T cells of normal cell size were efficient
      in inhibiting the antibody response upon transfer. Primed Lyt-2+ T cells from
      young NZB mice did not affect the response of old recipients, but effectively
      suppressed the response of young mice. These results suggest that there are two
      defects involved in the decline of low-dose paralysis to SSS-III in aging NZB
      mice: Enlarged Lyt-2+ T cells may lose their ability to function as mediators of
      suppression; and B cells may become resistant to T cell-mediated suppression.

PMID- 3875653
TI  - Antibody-induced redistribution of Heymann antigen on the surface of cultured
      glomerular visceral epithelial cells: possible role in the pathogenesis of
      Heymann glomerulonephritis.
AB  - In this study we analyze the ability of antibodies that produce passive Heymann
      glomerulonephritis to induce antigen redistribution on the surface of cultured
      glomerular visceral epithelial cells (GEC). Polyclonal antibodies produced by
      immunization with membrane vesicles prepared from proximal tubule brush borders
      (BB) and polyclonal (rabbit) and monoclonal (mouse) antibodies to a membrane
      glycoprotein (gp 330) purified from epithelial cells of rat proximal tubule were
      used. The study by immunofluorescence of GEC kept at 4 degrees C or fixed with
      paraformaldehyde showed that the three antibody preparations reacted with the
      plasma membrane in a punctate pattern known to be due to staining of coated pits
      or coated vesicles on the cell surface. At 37 degrees C and, at a slower rate, at
      22 degrees C, the two polyclonal antibodies induced a rapid clustering of antigen
      antibody complexes on the nonadherent surface of living cultured GEC with
      subsequent formation of patches and caps and, after prolonged incubation, with
      temporary disappearance of Heymann antigen from the cell surface, so-called
      antigenic modulation. Antigen redistribution and modulation were inhibited by
      sodium azide, indicating that these processes are energy dependent. Monovalent
      Fab fragments of antibodies to BB vesicles did not alter the distribution of
      Heymann antigen unless they were subsequently cross-linked. Monoclonal anti-gp330
      induced a modest degree of antigen redistribution, which was increased by
      subsequent cross-linking. Exposure of glomerular epithelial cells to cytochalasin
      B, colchicine, or ionophore A23187 prevented or altered antigen redistribution at
      37 degrees C. Furthermore, the antibody-induced antigen redistribution was
      associated with changes in distribution of cytoplasmic actin, myosin, and
      tubulin, indicating that it is related to the contractile activity GEC. LEW rats,
      given i.v. injection of IgG directed against BB membrane vesicles, developed
      passive Heymann glomerulonephritis (i.e., immune deposits in the lamina rara
      externa of the glomerular basement membrane). In contrast, the glomeruli of rats
      exposed for longer periods to larger amounts of Fab fragments of the same
      antibodies failed to develop immune deposits. These studies show that the
      antibodies to the nephritogenic antigen of Heymann glomerulonephritis may induce
      a redistribution of immune complexes (IC) in the membrane of glomerular
      epithelial cells that is similar to that produced by other plasma membrane
      antigen-ligand interactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3875655
TI  - In vitro T cell hyperreactivity in Obese strain (OS) chickens is due to a defect
      in nonspecific suppressor mechanism(s).
AB  - Spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis of OS chickens is associated with a marked
      hyperreactivity of the T cell system. The purpose of the present study was to
      investigate the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Co-cultivation experiments
      between Con A-stimulated OS and NWL lymphocytes in communicating cultures
      revealed soluble regulatory factors to be responsible for the observed functional
      differences: the high proliferative response to Con A and hyperproduction of IL 2
      of OS cells was found to be due to a deficiency in the conditioned medium of
      dialyzable inhibitory factor(s) that regulate IL 2 secretion of NWL lymphocytes.
      Furthermore, sera of young NWL chickens were found to profoundly inhibit the IL 2
      promoted lymphoblast proliferation. This IL 2 antagonizing activity is lost with
      age (3 to 6 yr) and was found to be significantly diminished in OS birds
      throughout ontogeny, thus pointing to possible parallels between immune
      regulatory dysfunction in autoimmunity and in physiologic aging. Both enhanced T
      cell response and the defect in serum suppressor were inherited by (OS X CB)F1
      animals, indicating that these two aberrations may be related to each other.

PMID- 3875656
TI  - Interaction of interleukin 2 with cells: quantitative analysis of effects.
AB  - The response of T lymphocytes to interleukin 2 (IL 2) is accurately described by
      a four-parameter logistic function. Both data generated by a theoretical model of
      IL 2-driven proliferation and experimental data conformed to this function for
      all doses of IL 2. Assays measuring either the rate of DNA synthesis or cellular
      metabolism were well described. The variance of response was not constant but
      increased in a predictable way. Weighting was therefore included in deriving a
      nonlinear curve-fitting program. The effects on response of cell density, time,
      and the T lymphocyte line used were examined. Assays gave reproducible estimates
      of potency when test preparations were compared with a standard preparation, but
      not otherwise. A model for IL 2 proliferation was derived on the basis of the two
      state model of the cell cycle, with cells leaving a quiescent state randomly and
      then traversing the other stages of the cell cycle in a determinate way.

PMID- 3875657
TI  - Partial purification of murine B cell stimulatory factor (BSF)-1.
AB  - BSF-1 was partially purified from serum-free culture supernatants of cells of the
      EL-4 thymoma line, which had been induced 48 hr earlier with 4 beta-phorbol-12
      beta-myristate-12 alpha-acetate (PMA). BSF-1 in 10-liter batches was adsorbed
      onto and eluted from trimethylsilyl-controlled pore glass beads (TMS-CpG) and
      then subjected to reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).
      The recovery of BSF-1 activity by TMS-CpG and RP-HPLC ranged from 52 to 55% and
      187 to 227%, respectively. The specific activity in units per milligram of
      protein of partially purified BSF-1 was approximately 2600 times higher than that
      of the culture supernatant protein. The partially purified BSF-1 had a single
      isoelectric point of 6.3 and an apparent m.w. between 18,000 and 21,700 when
      analyzed by isoelectric focusing and gel filtration-HPLC, respectively. The
      ability to prepare large amounts of partially purified BSF-1 by a rapid and
      efficient procedure should be of great help in both biochemical and immunologic
      studies of this lymphokine.

PMID- 3875658
TI  - Purification and partial sequence of human osteoclast-activating factor: identity
      with interleukin 1 beta.
AB  - The lymphokine osteoclast-activating factor (OAF) was purified to homogeneity.
      OAF was produced by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with
      concanavalin A and phorbol myristate acetate under serum-free culture conditions.
      OAF was purified by sequential gel filtration, ion-exchange, and reverse-phase
      HPLC by following bone resorptive activity. Homogeneity was indicated by the
      criteria of a single 17,800-dalton band on silver-stained polyacrylamide gels, a
      single pI 6.8 band on isoelectric focusing, and a single aminoterminal sequence.
      Purified OAF stimulated half-maximal release of calcium from fetal rat long bones
      at a concentration of approximately 0.66 ng/ml. The amino-terminal sequence of
      OAF was determined and found to be identical to that of interleukin 1 beta.
      Homogeneous OAF possessed an activity of 8.2 X 10(6) U/mg in the thymocyte
      proliferation assay. Because the m.w., isoelectric point, amino-terminal
      sequence, and specific activity in the thymocyte proliferation assay are the same
      for homogeneous OAF and interleukin 1 beta, we conclude that they are the same
      molecule, and that interleukin 1 beta is the major protein with OAF activity
      produced by lectin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

PMID- 3875659
TI  - Effect of antibody excess on the size, stoichiometry, and DNAse resistance of DNA
      anti-DNA immune complexes.
AB  - The binding of antibodies to DNA was examined under conditions of increasing
      antibody excess. DNA anti-DNA immune complexes (IC) formed at increasing antibody
      to DNA ratios were digested with excess DNAse I, and the DNAse-resistant
      (protected) IC were analyzed. With increasing antibody excess, the size of the IC
      that were resistant to DNAse digestion increased, and the size of the protected
      DNA within the IC also increased. This suggested that IgG molecules could bind in
      close proximity along the DNA molecule, preventing access of DNAse to the DNA
      between adjacent IgG. To further define the binding of adjacent IgG, DNAse
      digested IC containing one or two IgG were isolated, and the DNA contained within
      these IC was analyzed on DNA sequencing gels. Binding of a single IgG to DNA
      resulted in the protection of a DNA fragment 35 to 45 base pairs (bp) long,
      corresponding to the distance between binding sites of a single IgG molecule.
      Binding of two IgG to DNA protected a DNA fragment 50 to 60 bp long, 1 1/2 times
      the size of the fragment protected by one IgG. These data suggest that in
      conditions of Ab excess, IgG molecules can interdigitate along the DNA molecule,
      resulting in small, stable, DNAse-resistant IC of high antibody density.

PMID- 3875660
TI  - An antibody binding to human neutrophils demonstrates antigenic heterogeneity
      detected early in myeloid maturation which correlates with functional
      heterogeneity of mature neutrophils.
AB  - An IgG1 mouse monoclonal antibody (31D8) labels a subpopulation of human
      peripheral neutrophils. Heterogeneous binding to granulocyte precursors is seen
      in the bone marrow as early as the myelocyte stage of maturation. 31D8 binding is
      not affected by the in vitro stimulation or incubation of neutrophils. We
      demonstrate that the cells which bind 31D8 strongly (31D8-bright) are the same
      cells which depolarize, reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, and migrate chemotactically
      when stimulated with the chemoattractant N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine.
      Treatment with cytochalasin B modulates functional activity so that all cells
      depolarize or reduce nitroblue tetrazolium in response to this chemoattractant,
      but the heterogeneous binding of 31D8 does not change. The stable binding of 31D8
      at 37 degrees C and during activation permitted characterization of the
      functional capacity of the two populations. These results demonstrate neutrophil
      heterogeneity early in myeloid maturation and correlate antigenic with functional
      heterogeneity. 31D8 will make it possible to study the significance of neutrophil
      heterogeneity in a variety of clinical situations.

PMID- 3875661
TI  - Prosthetic valve endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
      epidermidis and Micrococcus species successfully treated with rifampicin combined
      with other antibiotics.
AB  - Two patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant Gram
      positive cocci (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococcus spp.) are described.
      They were successfully treated with rifampicin combined first with an
      aminoglycoside and later with co-trimoxazole or co-trimoxazole plus vancomycin.
      The addition of rifampicin to these antibiotics resulted in enhanced serum
      bactericidal activity. High doses of rifampicin (1200-1800 mg) for 7-8 weeks did
      not cause any serious side-effect. Surgery was not required. During surveillance
      for more than 2 years endocarditis did not recur.

PMID- 3875662
TI  - Expression of activation antigens by T cells infiltrating basal cell carcinomas.
AB  - The association of T lymphocytes and dendritic cells with the stromal mononuclear
      cell response to basal cell carcinomas has led to speculation that cellular
      immunity may, in part, regulate the growth and development of this neoplasm. It
      has not been established, however, whether these T cells are functionally
      competent, or simply coincidental bystanders. We examined the immunologic
      phenotypes of mononuclear cells in 32 lesions of basal cell carcinoma obtained
      from 26 patients. The majority of infiltrating mononuclear cells were T cells
      that were equally distributed between the helper/inducer (Leu 3a+) and
      cytotoxic/suppressor (Leu 2a+) subtypes; a minority of cells were dendritic and
      expressed Leu 6 antigen. Virtually all T cells and dendritic cells were HLA-DR+,
      and many (greater than 30%) of the T cells expressed antigens consistent with
      stages of ongoing activation (T9, T10). TS2/7, a novel monoclonal antibody
      recently documented to identify activation-specific subcomponents of 210/165/130
      kD glycoprotein complex present on the surface of mitogen- or alloantigen
      stimulated human T cells, was also used. Greater than 50% of the T cells observed
      were TS2/7+. These observations provide in situ immunomorphologic evidence of
      stromal T cell activation in association with basal cell carcinomas, and suggest
      a role for active and ongoing cellular immune mechanisms as a determinant of
      local biological behavior of this neoplasm.

PMID- 3875663
TI  - Role of intravascular replication in the pathogenesis of experimental bacteremia
      due to Haemophilus influenzae type b.
AB  - The potential role of extravascular and intravascular replication was studied in
      initiation of sustained bacteremia in experimental infection due to Haemophilus
      influenzae type b. When organs and fluid from rats were cultured after intranasal
      inoculation of the rats with H. influenzae type b, the organism was not recovered
      from any putative extravascular focus before development of bacteremia. To
      evaluate the potential contribution of intravascular replication in initiation of
      bacteremia due to H. influenzae type b, we obtained serial blood cultures after
      intravenous or intranasal inoculation. Bacterial counts increased exponentially
      immediately after intravenous and 12-18 hr after intranasal inoculation. Using
      the same model system, we observed bacteremia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae
      after intraperitoneal but not intravenous inoculation. After intraperitoneal
      inoculation, the magnitude of bacteremia in individual rats did not regularly
      increase exponentially over time. These findings are consistent with
      extravascular replication leading to bacteremia due to S. pneumoniae and
      efficient intravascular replication leading to sustained bacteremia due to H.
      influenzae type b.

PMID- 3875664
TI  - Parasite-monocyte interactions in human leishmaniasis: production of interleukin
      1 in vitro.
AB  - Leishmania are obligate intracellular protozoa that parasitize mononuclear
      phagocytes. Because mononuclear phagocytes are also the primary source of
      leukocytic pyrogen and of lymphocyte-activating factor, both considered
      properties of interleukin-1 (IL-1), we investigated in vitro production of
      leukocytic pyrogen and of lymphocyte-activating factor from human monocytes
      infected with Leishmania tropica. Despite parasitization of 95% of cells, 24- and
      48-hr culture supernatants and cell lysates derived from L. tropica-infected
      monocytes did not contain IL-1. Leishmania that were killed by freezing or by
      glutaraldehyde treatment similarly did not induce monocyte production of IL-1. Of
      importance is the observation that human monocytes infected with L. tropica for 6
      hr and then challenged with a potent IL-1 inducer (Staphylococcus epidermidis)
      produced significantly less IL-1 than did uninfected monocytes that were
      similarly challenged (P less than .001). This difference was not affected by the
      addition of indomethacin to the cultures. In contrast, soluble immune complexes
      prepared with an excess of L. tropica antigen and rabbit antibody to L. tropica
      induced high levels of IL-1 production from normal monocytes. Neither antigen nor
      antibody alone incubated with monocytes led to significant production of IL-1,
      however. Thus, these studies suggest that despite leishmanial adherence to,
      entrance into, and replication within human monocytes there is little or no
      stimulation of IL-1 production. This may represent a parasite evasion mechanism
      that retards the development of protective immune responses in leishmaniasis.

PMID- 3875665
TI  - Postimmunization antibody to the Haemophilus influenzae type b capsule in breast
      milk.

PMID- 3875666
TI  - Alteration of the cell wall of Haemophilus influenzae type b by transformation
      with cloned DNA: association with attenuated virulence.
AB  - A virulent strain of Haemophilus influenzae type b was used to construct a lambda
      library of chromosomal DNA in Charon 4, amplified in Escherichia coli. From this
      library a recombinant (I-69) phage was isolated that contained a 10.2-kilobase
      pair fragment of DNA eliciting H. influenzae transformants whose colonies had a
      distinctive opaque phenotype. Compared with their H. influenzae parent strains
      the opaque I-69 transformants had two defined cell wall alterations: one in the
      lipopolysaccharide (greater mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis) and one in the outer membrane proteins. The I-69 transformant of
      virulent type b strain Rd-/b+ had stable expression of type b capsule. In
      contrast to strain Rd-/b+, the Rd-/b+/I-69 transformant was serum sensitive in
      vitro and avirulent in vivo in rats. Thus the potential of H. influenzae type b
      organisms to cause invasive infection can be substantially attenuated by altering
      the expression of one or more genes that affect the cell wall composition.

PMID- 3875667
TI  - Treatment of nonpulmonary infections due to Mycobacterium fortuitum and
      Mycobacterium chelonei on the basis of in vitro susceptibilities.
AB  - One hundred twenty-three patients with nonpulmonary infections due to
      Mycobacterium fortuitum or Mycobacterium chelonei were treated by wound
      debridement and with chemotherapy on the basis of in vitro susceptibilities of
      the organism. Of 76 patients with infections caused by M. fortuitum, 13 required
      no therapy or were adequately treated with surgery alone. Patients with active
      localized disease received single drug therapy (usually with a sulfonamide) for a
      mean period of 10.6 weeks for cellulitis and seven months for osteomyelitis.
      Patients with extensive disease received amikacin or amikacin plus cefoxitin
      (mean, four weeks) followed by a sulfonamide (mean, six months). The 47 patients
      with infections caused by M. chelonei received no therapy or were treated with
      surgery alone (6); with amikacin (10), erythromycin (6), doxycycline (3), or
      cefoxitin (1); or with amikacin plus cefoxitin followed by cefoxitin alone for a
      total of 10-12 weeks (20); or other multiple-drug regimens (1). Surgery was
      performed on 74 (60%) patients. Schlichter tests or serum drug levels were
      determined for 81 (66%) patients. Response to therapy was excellent; 68 (90%)
      infections with M. fortuitum and 34 (72%) with M. chelonei were successfully
      treated. Cultures became negative within six weeks of chemotherapy, except for
      sternal osteomyelitis, for which cultures were not negative until up to 14 weeks.
      Follow-up for a mean period of 12 months following therapy was possible in 80% of
      cases. Relapses were rare except in patients with disseminated disease, and drug
      resistance developed in only one patient. These studies demonstrate the value of
      routine susceptibility testing of these mycobacterial species and the benefit of
      chemotherapy on the basis of in vitro susceptibilities.

PMID- 3875668
TI  - Capsular antigens noncovalently or covalently associated with protein as vaccines
      to Haemophilus influenzae type b: comparison in two-year-old children.

PMID- 3875669
TI  - [Basic and clinical study on functional electrical stimulation (FES) for the
      paralyzed upper extremity].
AB  - Functional electrical stimulation (FES) will become one of the useful
      reconstructive methods for the paralyzed upper extremity due to upper motor
      neuron lesion. As a basic study, the author analyzed the electromyogram of the
      grasp and the lateral pinch movements in three normal hands. On the basis of this
      electromyographic analysis, FES was applied for the hands of two tetraplegics and
      three hemiplegics using percutaneous wire electrodes. As a result, three types of
      holding patterns were obtained in the paralyzed hands by FES, namely, parallel
      extension grip, grasp and lateral pinch. Clinically, the author made a FES system
      for the tetraplegic patient, and utilized it for the activities of daily living.
      The patient could get hand opening, parallel extension grip, grasp and lateral
      pinch in his paralyzed hand by using this FES system, and he obtained a certain
      measure of independence of the activities of daily living such as eating, writing
      and so on.

PMID- 3875670
TI  - Utilization of galactose by human platelets in vitro.
AB  - The extent to which platelets can metabolize galactose has been unknown. We have
      studied this question by incubating platelets with radiolabeled galactose for
      periods of time and analyzing the cells for radioactive metabolites. The sugar
      was observed to accumulate quickly in cells isolated by filtration. Within
      seconds at room temperature, galactose metabolites were detectable by thin-layer
      chromatography, and within 20 minutes at 37 degrees C, radioactivity appeared in
      trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitates of the suspensions. The TCA-precipitable
      radioactivity was degraded by alpha-amylase as well as by protease. However, the
      TCA-soluble material released by protease digestion had an elution volume on
      Sepharose CL-4B too small for glycopeptides and in addition was degraded by alpha
      amylase. The majority of the galactose metabolized by platelets, therefore,
      becomes incorporated into glycogen, rather than glycoprotein. The reversibility
      of the galactose metabolic pathway was demonstrated by the addition of an excess
      of the unlabeled sugar to the labeled platelets and by the effect of thrombin and
      collagen on the TCA-precipitable radioactivity.

PMID- 3875671
TI  - Inhibitors of plasma thromboplastin antecedent (factor XI): studies on mechanism
      of inhibition.
AB  - Acquired inhibitors of plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA) have been described
      in several recent studies, which collectively emphasize the heterogeneity of PTA
      functions that are impaired by this class of circulating anticoagulants. To
      clarify whether acquired inhibitors of PTA exhibit inhibitory properties that
      vary widely from one patient to the next, IgG inhibitors from four patients were
      isolated. The effect of these inhibitors on the binding of PTA to glass, the
      activation of kaolin-bound PTA, the coagulant activity of both kaolin-bound and
      fluid phase activated PTA (aPTA), and the enzymatic activity of aPTA against a
      low molecular weight substrate was quantified. The relative inhibition of these
      individual components of PTA activation and function by the four anticoagulants
      was quite similar. The results indicate that the principal binding sites for
      acquired inhibitors of PTA are PTA domains involved with surface binding and
      conversion of PTA to aPTA, with less effective steric impairment of aPTA
      enzymatic activity.

PMID- 3875672
TI  - Child safety restraint "loaner" programs. An evaluation of legal issues.

PMID- 3875673
TI  - The effect of comparative fault on personal injury awards in malpractice lawsuits
      involving multiple tortfeasors.

PMID- 3875674
TI  - Information please.

PMID- 3875675
TI  - Cyclosporin A directly inhibits human B-cell proliferation by more than a single
      mechanism.
AB  - Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressive agent that inhibits T-cell
      proliferation and lymphokine production. There is less information on the direct
      effect of CsA on B-cells. We investigated the proliferative responses of human
      tonsillar B-lymphocytes to a "T dependent" mitogen, pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and
      to a "T independent" mitogen, Staphylococcus aureus (SA). Both responses were
      strongly inhibited by CsA. Nonspecific cytotoxicity was ruled out, and the
      inhibition was not reversed by adding IL1, IL2, or BCGF individually or in
      combination. Maximal inhibition of the PWM response occurred when CsA was added
      early in the culture period. Cyclosporin A added 18 hours after the start of
      culture was less effective, and adding CsA after 36 hours resulted in only
      minimal inhibition. However, with SA as mitogen, addition after 36 hours still
      affected substantial inhibition. These results, on the time of action and
      resistance to reversal by exogenous growth factors, suggest that CsA can directly
      inhibit human B-cells by a mechanism similar to its action on T-lymphocytes,
      blocking an early event critical to entry into cell cycle, but an additional
      mechanism of inhibition later in the cell cycle may also operate when the
      proliferative signal is provided by the T-independent mitogen SA.

PMID- 3875676
TI  - Antioxidant effects on cell-mediated immunity.
AB  - Experiments were performed to determine the effects of dietary selenium and/or
      vitamin E deficiency on cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the mouse. Natural killer
      cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NKCC) was depressed after 8 wk on diets deficient in
      selenium and/or vitamin E. In contrast, antibody-dependent cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity (ADCC) was not affected by 8 wk of dietary deficiency of selenium
      and/or vitamin E. T-lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (TCMC) was found to be
      depressed by combined selenium-vitamin E deficiency after 7 weeks on diets.

PMID- 3875677
TI  - Accessory cells provide more than one signal for lectin mitogen-stimulated
      proliferation of human lymphocytes.
AB  - A culture system was developed in which human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      (PBMC) depleted of Ia-expressing cells did not proliferate in response to the
      lectin mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). These cells were able to respond to
      mitogen if purified autologous accessory cells were added back to the culture,
      thus showing an absolute requirement for Ia-expressing accessory cells in mitogen
      driven T-cell proliferation. The identity of these accessory cells was shown to
      be not only monocytes but also Ia-expressing B cells and possibly other
      unidentified Ia-bearing cell types. Human interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the lectin
      mitogen-unresponsive culture system was found unable to reconstitute normal human
      T-cell proliferation. This suggests that those cells with Ia surface antigen
      acting as accessory cells must deliver more than an IL-1 signal for T-cell
      proliferation. The phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was
      tested for its ability to replace necessary Ia-expressing accessory cells. TPA
      was able to replace accessory cells in culture, thus mimicking the Ia-expressing
      accessory cells and all their delivered signals in the triggering of human
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 3875678
TI  - Temperature and muscle.
AB  - Rates of force development, contraction and relaxation of vertebrate skeletal
      muscle are temperature dependent with Q10 values of approximately 2. Maximal
      forces developed have a low or negative thermal dependence. The functional basis
      of these patterns is poorly understood. Muscle performance generally does not
      acclimate. There appears to have been some evolutionary adaptation among species
      and classes to different thermal regimes, such that muscles from cold-adapted
      species maintain better mechanical performance at low temperatures than do those
      from warm-adapted animals. However, rate processes remain strongly thermally
      dependent even in animals with low or variable body temperatures. This thermal
      dependence of muscle in vitro is reflected in behavioural performance: maximal
      force generation in vivo is temperature independent and time-dependent activities
      are more rapid at higher muscle temperatures.

PMID- 3875679
TI  - Lymphoid tumors displaying rearrangements of both immunoglobulin and T cell
      receptor genes.
AB  - Ig and T beta gene rearrangements can be used as genetic markers of lineage and
      clonality in the study of B and T cell populations. We have addressed the issue
      of the respective B and T lineage specificity of these rearrangements by
      analyzing a panel of 63 lymphoid tumors representative of the various
      clinicopathologic categories of both B and T neoplasias. We report that
      approximately 10% of the cases tested displayed rearrangements of both Ig and T
      beta genes. Despite their dual genotypic pattern, these tumors retain a pure
      immunophenotype, i.e. they display either B or T cell lineage-restricted cell
      surface antigens. The implications of these findings for both normal and
      neoplastic lymphoid differentiation are discussed.

PMID- 3875680
TI  - Human T cell clones express functional homing receptors required for normal
      lymphocyte trafficking.
AB  - To function efficiently in vivo, lymphocytes must circulate from the blood into
      lymphoid tissues and other sites of immune reaction. Herein, we show that human
      cytotoxic and helper T cell clones and lines, maintained in vitro with IL-2,
      express the functional capacity to recognize and bind to high endothelial venules
      (HEV), a capacity essential for lymphocyte exit from the blood, and hence for
      normal lymphocyte trafficking. The expression of functional homing receptors
      distinguishes human T cell clones from their murine counterparts, which uniformly
      lack receptors for HEV and are unable to migrate normally from the blood in vivo.
      The results raise the possibility that human T cell clones may be more effective
      in mediating in vivo immune responses than is suggested by murine models.

PMID- 3875681
TI  - Structural characteristics of Tla products.
AB  - Biochemical study of thymus leukemia antigen (TL) from thymocytes of various Tla
      genotypes and from leukemia cells revealed features that, given present evidence,
      are peculiar to TL among class I products of the H-2:Qa:Tla region of chromosome
      17. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of TL
      from thymocytes of all TL+ mouse strains, precipitated by anti-TL antiserum or
      monoclonal antibodies, showed two closely migrating bands of equal intensity in
      the heavy (H) chain position (45-50,000 mol wt). Comparison of these two bands by
      two-dimensional isoelectric focusing (2D IEF)-SDS-PAGE and 2D chymotryptic
      peptide mapping showed no differences indicative of protein dissimilarity. Thus,
      the two components of the H chain doublet may differ only in a feature of
      glycosylation that does not affect charge. The two leukemias studied gave only a
      single band in the H chain position. On 2D peptide mapping and 2D IEF-SDS-PAGE,
      the patterns for TL of Tlaa and Tlae thymocytes, which are closely related
      serologically, were broadly similar, but clearly different from the pattern
      typical of Tlac and Tlad thymocytes. 2D peptide maps of TL from Tlaa thymocytes
      and Tlaa leukemia cells did not differ. Leukemia cells of Tlab origin (thymocytes
      TL-) gave 2D peptide and 2D IEF-SDS-PAGE patterns of a third type. With the
      exception of Tlaa, thymocytes of TL+ mice yielded additional TL products of
      higher molecular weight than the TL H chain.

PMID- 3875682
TI  - Amino acid sequence analysis of human interleukin 1 (IL-1). Evidence for
      biochemically distinct forms of IL-1.
AB  - The pI-6.8 species of normal human interleukin 1 (IL-1) has been isolated by ion
      exchange and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The isolated
      material had a molecular weight of 18,000, and had a specific bioactivity of 1.7
      X 10(7) half-maximal U/mg in the murine thymocyte proliferation assay, values
      similar to those obtained for murine P388D1-derived IL-1 (12), and human IL-1
      isolated by a previously published purification protocol (15). Amino-terminal
      sequence analysis revealed a single N-terminal, and resulted in the
      identification of 30 of the first 35 amino acid residues. Sequence of three CNBr
      cleavage fragments of purified IL-1 resulted in the identification of an
      additional 38 residues. All of the sequences agree exactly with those deduced
      from complementary DNA (cDNA) by Auron, et al. (18), demonstrating that this
      cloned cDNA, though considerably different from the cDNA reported for murine IL-1
      (12), nevertheless codes for the pI-6.8 species of human IL-1. The evidence also
      shows that the precursor protein for human IL-1 is largely processed at the N
      terminal end. Little or no processing occurs at the carboxy-terminal end.
      Sequence homology with interferon-inducing factor (26) suggests that the pI-6.8
      species of human IL-1 is a member of a gene family. Although equally potent in
      the murine thymocyte proliferation assay, murine IL-1 and the pI-6.8 species of
      human IL-1 are structurally distinct. Further study will answer the interesting
      question as to the relationship of the other charged species of human IL-1 to
      these distinct IL-1 classes.

PMID- 3875684
TI  - Antigen-specific, I-A-restricted suppressor hybridomas with spontaneous cytolytic
      activity. Functional properties and lack of rearrangement of the T cell receptor
      beta chain genes.
AB  - T suppressor (Ts) hybridomas were produced by fusion of the III/4 T cell
      hybridoma with splenic T cells from CBA mice tolerized with subimmunogenic doses
      of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Both the Ts hybridoma cells and a suppressor
      factor (TsF) inhibited in an antigen-specific and I-Ak-restricted fashion the in
      vitro proliferative response of BSA-immunized lymph node cells. In addition to
      the suppressive activity, the hybridoma lines displayed spontaneous cytotoxicity
      against various tumor targets. The isolation of Ts subclones that are suppressive
      but not cytolytic, as well as the existence of the noncytolytic TsF, indicates
      that suppression of antigen-specific T cell proliferation is not dependent on
      cytolytic activity. The Ts hybridomas were I-A restricted, as are many T helper
      cells. Therefore, a potential similarity with respect to antigen receptor genes
      was expected. Southern blot analysis with a probe specific for genes encoding the
      beta chain of the T cell receptor on T helper and T killer cells revealed no
      rearrangement of the beta genes in the Ts cells. The data imply that neither the
      antigen receptor on the I-A-restricted Ts cells nor the receptor involved in the
      cytolytic interaction with tumor targets use the same beta chain constant region
      as T helper and T killer cells.

PMID- 3875683
TI  - Involvement of T44 molecules in an antigen-independent pathway of T cell
      activation. Analysis of the correlations to the T cell antigen-receptor complex.
AB  - Prior studies indicate that the 9.3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) which defines a 44
      kD T lineage-specific glycoprotein (T44) enhances the proliferative response of
      peripheral blood T lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or allogeneic cells.
      The T44 molecule was expressed in both resting and activated T lymphocytes and in
      a subset of thymocytes, as assessed by indirect immunofluorescence and flow
      cytofluorometry. In view of the potential importance of T44 in T cell activation,
      we investigated the ability of the 9.3 (anti-T44) antibody to stimulate
      peripheral blood T lymphocytes under culture conditions giving optimal
      proliferative responses to anti-T3 mAb. Like UCHT1 (anti-T3) mAb, the 9.3 (anti
      T44 mAb) promoted strong proliferative responses of purified T cells, provided
      that adherent cells were added to the culture. Maximal proliferation in response
      to 9.3 antibody was consistently detected at day 5 (at day 3 with anti-T3 or
      PHA). Moreover, triggering of T lymphocytes with 9.3 antibody (in the presence of
      adherent cells) resulted in strong IL-2 production that peaked at 48 h. Analysis
      of the physical and functional relationship between the T44 molecule and other
      molecules involved in T cell activation, including the clonotypically restricted
      Ti and the monomorphic T3 or T11 molecules, was carried out on a mutagenized
      jurkat T leukemia cell line. This mutant, termed JA3 (surface phenotype: T11+,
      T3+, 3A1+, T4-, T8-, DR-, Tac-, 4F2+, T44+) produced large amounts of IL-2 upon
      stimulation with PHA, anti-T3, or anticlonotypic mAb in conjunction with phorbol
      myristate acetate (or adherent cells). The molecules precipitated by anti-T44 mAb
      from 125I-labeled JA3 cells appeared as a diffuse band of Mr 40-45,000 under
      reducing conditions; under nonreducing conditions, a prominent band of Mr 80
      85,000 was observed, while the Mr 40-45,000 band was greatly reduced. Thus, T44
      molecules in both reducing and nonreducing conditions had relative molecular
      weights similar to that of molecules carrying clonotypic (Ti) determinants. In
      addition, like anti-Ti or anti-T3 mAb, anti-T44 antibody induced JA3 cells to
      produce large amounts of IL-2 in the presence of phorbol myristate acetate. Other
      similarities between T44 and molecules carrying clonotypic structures included
      the susceptibility to antibody-induced modulation and the late reexpression (72
      h) at the cell surface after modulation. Taken together, these experiments
      suggest that anti-T44 mAb might recognize a monomorphic determinant of the T cell
      receptor molecule or be physically or functionally linked to the T3-Ti
      complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3875685
TI  - Prevalence of treated and untreated DSM-III schizophrenia. Results of a two-stage
      community survey.
AB  - Psychiatrists, using a standardized clinical method, examined a probability
      sample of 810 subjects in eastern Baltimore and made diagnoses of mental
      disorders among those subjects according to DSM-III criteria. The authors
      estimated that there were 4.6 active cases of schizophrenia per 1000 adult
      noninstitutionalized population, and 6.4 cases per 1000 population, including
      both active and remitted cases. Among the 17 active and remitted schizophrenics
      identified in the survey, one half were not receiving any form of mental health
      services at the time of the survey; these data yield a prevalence rate of
      untreated cases of 3.1 per 1000 population. All of the untreated schizophrenics
      were deemed by the examining psychiatrist to be in need of services.

PMID- 3875686
TI  - Depression among the rural elderly. A study of prevalence and correlates.
AB  - A large sample (N = 3159) of noninstitutionalized older adults (aged 65 to 105
      years) residing in two rural Iowa counties participated in an assessment of a
      wide range of health-related factors, including depression. Prevalences of
      significant depressive symptomatology (9.0%; based on a modified version of the
      Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]) and clinical
      depression (2.9%; based on self-report of Research Diagnostic Criteria [RDC]-like
      criteria) were low. The relationships between several demographic measures and
      the depression indices were examined. While expected sex differences were
      obtained for the CES-D, they were not found for the depression RDC. Subjects who
      lived alone and subjects with lower incomes were more at risk for depression.
      There was also evidence that being married and having a higher educational level
      were associated with lower risk for depression as measured by the CES-D (but not
      the RDC). The role of social support in rural communities was discussed as a
      factor contributing to the low rate of depression found in this study. The
      importance of sex, social support, and economic resources in accounting for
      depression among the elderly was also discussed.

PMID- 3875687
TI  - Neuropsychological and computerized axial tomography volume characteristics of
      empirically derived dementia subgroups.
AB  - Neuropsychological assessment data from 138 Alzheimer's disease patients were
      cluster-analyzed to yield five separate subgroups. These clusters are best
      described as follows. Cluster I is a low-functioning subgroup characterized by
      severe generalized deficits (N = 25), cluster II is a subgroup characterized by a
      higher level of visual-spatial skills relative to the other groups (N = 39),
      cluster III (N = 21) and cluster IV (N = 42) are virtually indistinguishable in
      terms of verbal ability and memory, but do differ with regard to visual-spatial
      skills, and cluster V is a subgroup which presented with relatively better
      preserved verbal abilities (N = 11). Despite their different neuropsychological
      profiles, the subgroups did not differ significantly with regard to those
      complaints that were noted early in the course of the disease process. However,
      they were found to differ significantly with regard to the patients' educational
      backgrounds, the distribution of males and females, and the age of the patients
      at the time of onset of the disease. Analysis of the degree and lateralization of
      cortical atrophy using volumetric techniques suggested little relationship with
      neuropsychological examination results. Ventricular volume differences among the
      five subgroups were not found to be statistically significant after the effect of
      age had been partialled out. Results are discussed in relation to the multiple
      factors relating to brain structure and cognition in Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3875688
TI  - 5-Hydroxytryptamine uptake and imipramine binding sites in neurotumor NCB-20
      cells.
AB  - NCB-20 cells (neuroblastoma X fetal Chinese hamster brain hybrids) are equipped
      with a [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine [( 3H]5-HT) uptake system and [3H]imipramine
      recognition sites. Approximately 80% of the radioactivity taken up by cells
      incubated with [3H]5-HT was identified with 5-HT. [3H]5-HT uptake was temperature
      dependent, partially sodium-dependent, saturable (Km = 7.3 +/- 0.6 microM; Vmax =
      2.0 +/- 0.6 pmol/min/mg), and inhibited by clomipramine, imipramine, fluoxetine,
      and desipramine, but not by iprindole, mianserin, or opipramol. Lineweaver-Burk
      plots showed a competitive type of inhibition by imipramine and fluoxetine. [3H]5
      HT uptake was not inhibited by nisoxetine or benztropine. [3H]Imipramine binding
      sites had a KD of 12 +/- 2 nM and a Bmax of 22 +/- 7 pmol/mg protein. The binding
      was sodium-sensitive although to a lesser extent than that found with brain
      membranes. Imipramine binding was displaced by tricyclic antidepressants with the
      following order of potency: clomipramine greater than imipramine greater than
      fluoxetine greater than desipramine much greater than iprindole = mianserin
      greater than opipramol. These results suggest that imipramine binding sites are
      present together with the 5-HT uptake sites in NCB-20 cells and that these sites
      interact functionally but are different biochemically.

PMID- 3875689
TI  - Motorist's vestibular disorientation syndrome.
AB  - Six patients are described who experienced difficulty in driving a motor car.
      Four had illusions that the car was turning, which occurred particularly on open,
      featureless roads or the brows of hills and caused the driver to stop. All
      patients had peripheral or central neurootological abnormalities, but the only
      finding consistent with the directionality of the symptoms was an unpleasantly
      increased sense of circularvection during optokinetic stimulation in the
      direction of the illusion. These problems occur because of a false sense of
      orientation arising either from inappropriate signals from disordered vestibular
      canal and otolith organs or from a disordered central interpretation of
      vestibular information, and become manifest in the absence of adequate visual
      stabilisation. The other two patients with lateralised vestibular disease made
      inappropriate steering adjustments in the direction of the imbalance of
      vestibular tone.

PMID- 3875690
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is a common and important complication
      in systemic lupus erythematosus. The mechanisms for CNS involvement are poorly
      understood and reliable diagnostic procedures are lacking. Pairs of serum and
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 17 patients with clinical and
      serological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus were analysed. All 11
      patients with definite or suspect clinical CNS disorder revealed some kind of
      abnormality in the CSF, in contrast to three of seven systemic lupus
      erythematosus patients without CNS disorder. The most prominent findings in
      systemic lupus erythematosus patients with CNS disorder were immune aberrations
      with oligoclonal bands on agarose isoelectric focusing (AIF) and elevation of IgG
      and IgM index, probably reflecting intrathecal production of IgG and IgM
      respectively. Intrathecal production of antiviral antibodies was found in four of
      12 patients by AIF followed by immunofixation and subsequent autoradiography. An
      enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) could not detect autoantibodies
      against structural brain antigens.

PMID- 3875691
TI  - The effect of spinal cord stimulation on idiopathic detrusor instability and
      incontinence: a case report.
AB  - A patient with long-standing symptoms of detrusor instability has been treated by
      electrical stimulation of the spinal cord. Stimulation abolished all symptoms and
      unequivocally inhibited episodes of instability.

PMID- 3875692
TI  - Comparison of the effects of thymosin and other thymic factors on modulation of
      interleukin-2 production.
AB  - Thymosin fraction 5 (TF5) enhances interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by human
      peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBL) when cocultured in the presence of
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA). This important biological activity of TF5 is not due to
      the presence of two previously well-characterized component peptides, thymosin
      alpha 1 and thymosin beta 4, but rather to a new, still to be identified
      component of TF5. Comparison of TF5 with other well-defined thymic preparations
      and peptides indicates that this biological activity is unique to TF5 and a
      closely related extract prepared from porcine thymus tissue. Using a standard
      human PBL cell population obtained by leukopheresis and cryopreservation, it
      should now be possible to establish a reproducible bioassay for the isolation and
      characterization of one or more components of TF5 with the property of enhancing
      PHA-induced IL-2 production by human PBL.

PMID- 3875693
TI  - Toxicity of recombinant human interleukin-2 in rats following intravenous
      infusion.
AB  - The recent availability of recombinant human interleukin-2 (RIL-2) has increased
      interest in the potential clinical use of this lymphokine. We have examined the
      biologic effects of intermittent bolus and continuous intravenous administration
      of RIL-2 in rats. The mean (+/- SEM) half-life after an intravenous bolus
      injection of RIL-2 was determined to be 2.9 +/- 0.5 min (n = 4). The
      administration of intermittent intravenous bolus injections of RIL-2 of doses up
      to 10(6) units/kg every other day for 2 weeks was well tolerated without toxicity
      as determined by organ histology and serum chemistries. The continuous
      intravenous infusion of RIL-2 through an indwelling external jugular vein
      catheter was tolerated for 2 weeks at doses less than or equal to 3,000 U/kg/h
      and was associated with no abnormal serum chemistries or organ pathology. By
      contrast, animals that received less than 10,000 U/kg/h demonstrated RIL-2
      toxicity leading to death of treated rats. Serum chemistries revealed a fourfold
      increase in serum glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvic
      transaminase. Liver histology revealed hepatocellular necrosis with mononuclear
      cell infiltration. The thymus was depleted of lymphocytes and lymphoid
      infiltrates were present in liver, spleen, and lung. This is the first
      documentation of toxicity secondary to RIL-2 administration and suggests that
      hepatopathy may be the dose-limiting toxicity accompanying the administration of
      RIL-2.

PMID- 3875694
TI  - Altered von Willebrand factor molecule in children with thrombosis following
      asparaginase-prednisone-vincristine therapy for leukemia.
AB  - Eleven consecutive leukemia patients with thrombosis induced by asparaginase
      prednisone-vincristine therapy were studied to gain insight into the pathogenesis
      of this complication. Measurement of anti-thrombin III, plasminogen, factor V,
      and fibrin degradation products as well as platelet aggregation sensitivity to
      adenosine diphosphate disclosed no consistent abnormalities that would explain
      pathologic thrombus formation. A decrease in platelet counts observed in nine of
      11 patients, prompted us to investigate the possible involvement of factor VIII
      in this disorder. Levels of factor VIII procoagulant activity, von Willebrand
      factor (vWF) and ristocetin cofactor were similar to findings for an identically
      treated comparison group who remained free of thrombotic complications. However,
      qualitative examination of vWF by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) revealed a
      distinct right shift of the immunoprecipitin lines in each of three thrombotic
      patients tested, whereas a normal profile was found in three similarly treated
      patients without the complication. This altered pattern had reverted to normal
      when CIE was repeated 2 to 7 months later. We postulate that the abnormal vWF is
      related to the development of thrombosis.

PMID- 3875695
TI  - Body position with respect to the head or body position in space is coded by
      lumbar interneurons.
AB  - In decerebrate cats, we have studied the response of neurons in the L3-L6
      segments of the spinal cord to stimulation of neck and vestibular receptors. Neck
      receptors were stimulated by head rotation in labyrinthectomized cats or by body
      rotation with the head fixed in labyrinth-intact cats. Vestibular receptors were
      stimulated by whole-body tilt in the latter preparation. Most neurons were
      located outside the motoneuron nuclei and were arbitrarily classified as
      interneurons. Combinations of roll and pitch stimuli at frequencies of 0.1 or
      0.05 Hz were used to determine the horizontal component of the polarization
      vector, i.e., the best direction of tilt, for each neuron. Two types of stimuli
      were used; rotation of a fixed angle of tilt around the head or body ("wobble,"
      Ref. 22) or sinusoidal stimuli in several planes. Polarization vectors of the
      responses to neck stimulation were widely distributed; different neurons
      responded best to roll, pitch, and angles in between. For every neuron, the
      amplitude of the response decreased as the cosine of the angle between the
      direction of maximal sensitivity and the plane of the stimulus. The direction of
      the vector remained stable as the frequency of stimulation was varied. Neurons
      with different vectors had similar dynamics that resembled those of cervical
      interneurons (27). Many neurons responded to both neck and vestibular
      stimulation, although the vestibular response usually had a much lower gain. Neck
      and vestibular vectors were approximately opposite in direction. We suggest that
      neck responses originate in receptors, probably spindles, in perivertebral
      muscles. Each of these muscles presumably is best stretched by a particular
      direction of pull. It seems likely that convergence from receptors in selected
      muscles determines the direction of a spinal neuron's vector. Vestibular
      responses probably are due mainly to activity in otolith afferents.

PMID- 3875696
TI  - The role of cerebral cortex in the generation of voluntary saccades: a positron
      emission tomographic study.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to define the location and behavior of cerebral
      structures within the normal human brain that participate in the generation of
      voluntary saccadic eye movements. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF)
      during task performance were assumed to reflect like changes in regional neuronal
      activity induced by the task. The locations of all rCBF changes were described in
      stereotaxic coordinates. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured with positron
      emission tomography (PET) and bolus intravenous injection of H2(15)O. The use of
      H2(15)O with PET allowed six, seven-slice measurements of brain blood flow to be
      made in rapid sequence for each subject, without removing the subject from the
      tomograph between scans. Nine paid normal volunteers were studied. The paradigm
      included three saccadic eye-movement (SEM) conditions, one finger-movement
      condition and two control conditions (initial and final). The three SEM
      conditions allowed comparisons to be drawn between targeted versus untargeted
      SEMs, auditorily cued versus visually cued SEMs, and stochastic versus rhythmic
      SEMs. All tasks were simple and deterministic in that each movement exactly
      mirrored the preceding movement: finger flexion then extension, saccade-left then
      saccade-right. Saccadic eye movements were associated with rCBF increases within
      the frontal eye fields, the supplementary motor area, and the cerebellum. Finger
      movements were associated with rCBF changes within the sensorimotor hand areas,
      the supplementary motor area, and the cerebellum. The frontal eye fields were
      discrete cortical regions consistently active during the generation of voluntary
      SEMs and uninfluenced by target presence, type of cue, or task complexity,
      indicating a predominantly motor function. The supplementary motor area (SMA) was
      consistently active during all motor tasks and was uninfluenced by the degree of
      task complexity or stochasticity. A role for SMA in establishing "motor set"
      during both simple and complex motor tasks is suggested. An anterior-posterior
      somatotopy was found for SMA-eye (anterior) versus SMA-hand (posterior). Lateral
      occipital visual association cortex activation was present only during targeted
      saccadic conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3875697
TI  - Deterioration of auditory evoked potentials during cerebellopontine angle
      manipulations. An interpretation based on an experimental model in dogs.
AB  - Evoked action potentials from the internal auditory meatus portion of the
      cochlear nerve (IAM-EAP's) and brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP's)
      from the vertex were simultaneously recorded during cerebellopontine angle (CPA)
      manipulations (retractions of the cerebellar hemisphere and the cochlear nerve)
      in dogs. The BAEP changes noted in these dogs were the same as those seen in
      patients. The IAM-EAP's showed graded deterioration related to BAEP changes. The
      results are as follows: Prolongation of the I-V interpeak latency of BAEP's, the
      most common finding during CPA manipulations, is the reflection of prolongation
      of the I-II interpeak latency, which is caused by conduction impairment or block
      of the nerve impulses between the extracranial portion of the cochlear nerve and
      the brain stem. The operative manipulations representing stretch or compression
      injury to the cochlear nerve in the CPA leads to an acute traumatic cranial nerve
      root lesion--a retrocochlear lesion. The obliteration of all BAEP components
      including wave I cannot be caused by conduction block. This is caused by
      occlusion of the internal auditory artery. Wave I of the BAEP's and the P1-N1
      complex of the IAM-EAP's are important indicators of cochlear blood flow during
      surgical intervention. As possible causes of internal auditory artery
      obstruction, mechanical distortion of the relationship between the anterior
      inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) and the internal auditory artery at the
      junctional portion, mechanical vasospasm of the AICA-internal auditory artery
      complex, and ensuing no-reflow phenomena are discussed. Evoked action potentials
      are expected to be a useful intraoperative real-time monitor during CPA surgery
      that can detect rapid changes derived from cochlear artery insufficency. The real
      time aspects can overcome some of the disadvantages of BAEP monitoring.

PMID- 3875698
TI  - Peripheral nerve stimulation suppression of C-fiber-evoked flexion reflex in
      rats. Part 1: Parameters of continuous stimulation.
AB  - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is now a well established
      clinical technique to alleviate chronic pain. Its mechanism of action remains
      unknown and the stimulation parameters used are based on subjective reports from
      patients. In the present study, a systematic investigation has been performed
      with conditioning stimulation of different parameters delivered to a dissected
      skin nerve in the lightly anesthetized rat, utilizing the size of a C-fiber
      evoked flexion reflex as a measure of transmission from nociceptive afferent
      fibers in the spinal cord. A stimulation intensity that recruited both A-beta and
      A-delta fibers was more effective in depressing the C-fiber-evoked reflex at all
      frequencies studied than were intensities activating A-beta fibers only. A
      stimulation frequency of 80 Hz gave the most profound inhibition. The
      implications for clinical treatment are discussed.

PMID- 3875699
TI  - Intraventricular hemorrhage in a term neonate secondary to a third ventricular
      AVM. Case report.
AB  - An initially healthy infant born of an uncomplicated full-term gestation was
      brought for evaluation of the acute onset of vomiting, irritability, lethargy,
      and opisthotonus at 14 days of age. Computerized tomography demonstrated an
      intraventricular hemorrhage. Arteriography defined an angioma on the roof of the
      third ventricle which was successfully removed via the transcallosal
      interfornicial approach on the 34th day of life. Other than an easily controlled
      seizure disorder, the postoperative course was uneventful. At 8 months of age the
      child is developing normally. Arteriovenous malformations should be considered in
      the differential diagnosis of intraventricular hemorrhage in full-term neonates
      without predisposing trauma or bleeding diathesis. High-speed digital subtraction
      arteriography may be used to screen for this diagnosis. The transcallosal
      interfornicial exposure offers a satisfactory approach for excising third
      ventricular angiomas in young infants.

PMID- 3875700
TI  - Detection of femoral head avascular necrosis in adults by SPECT.
AB  - Twenty-one adult patients with the clinical diagnosis of avascular necrosis (AVN)
      of the femoral head were examined with radionuclide angiography, planar bone
      scintigraphy, and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). A final
      diagnosis of AVN was established for 15 symptomatic patients with a total of 20
      involved hips. SPECT and planar bone scintigraphy were considered positive for
      AVN only if a photopenic bony defect could be identified. Using SPECT bone
      scintigraphy, 12 of 15 symptomatic patients and 17 of 20 involved hips
      (sensitivity of 0.85) were correctly identified, whereas with planar imaging only
      eight of 15 patients and 11 of 20 involved hips were detected. There were no
      false-positive diagnoses on SPECT or planar bone scintigraphy. In addition,
      hyperemia in the region of the proximal femoral metaphysis was demonstrated in
      six of 20 involved hips. It is concluded that by identifying a photopenic defect
      that is not evident on planar views, SPECT can contribute to the diagnosis of AVN
      of the femoral head. In addition, metaphyseal hyperemia appears to be a promising
      new scintigraphic sign of AVN worthy of further investigation.

PMID- 3875701
TI  - Colon cancer incidence among modelmakers and patternmakers in the automobile
      manufacturing industry. A continuing dilemma.
AB  - Modelmakers and patternmakers in an automobile manufacturing corporation located
      in the Detroit metropolitan area expressed concern about cancer incidence in
      their work group. In particular, previous studies among woodworking patternmakers
      and modelmakers employed in the automobile manufacturing industry found excesses
      in the incidence of cancers of the colon and rectum. To determine cancer
      incidence among the study corporation's woodworkers, a computerized record
      linkage study was performed. Cancer incidence data from the Michigan Cancer
      Foundation Division of Epidemiology's Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance
      System (MDCSS) were linked with corporate records for their woodworkers. In this
      group of 316 workers, ten cancers were found, four of which were colon cancers. A
      standard morbidity ratio analysis revealed a statistically significant excess of
      colon cancer in the woodworkers, compared with a general population group matched
      for race, gender and age (SMR = 487.0, p less than .01). These results are
      consistent with observations made in previous studies. The question raised by
      these findings is whether an occupational exposure contributes to this excess
      occurrence of colon cancers or whether these groups share some other common
      attributes, such as dietary habits.

PMID- 3875702
TI  - [Relationship between mucociliary transport and the dry weight of nasal
      secretion].

PMID- 3875703
TI  - Local Shwartzman reaction in the rectal mucosa in acute diarrhoea.
AB  - A microvascular lesion characterized by endothelial and platelet damage leading
      to intravascular coagulation, thrombosis and vascular dehiscence with haemorrhage
      was found in capillaries and venules in the rectal mucosal lamina propria of
      adults with acute diarrhoea. The lesion morphologically resembled the local
      Shwartzman reaction. There was no correlation between the prevalence of the
      vascular lesion and the presence of recognized enteric pathogens, but there was a
      significant correlation with the clinical severity of the illness. It is
      suggested that this vascular lesion could be the result of the failure of the
      epithelioluminal barrier in the colon and it may also be one of the determinants
      of the clinical severity of illness in adults with acute diarrhoea.

PMID- 3875704
TI  - Clinical longitudinal standards for height and height velocity for North American
      children.
AB  - Longitudinally-based height and height velocity charts for North American
      children are presented. Centiles are given for early, middle, and late maturers.
      The shape of the curves is taken from a review of longitudinal studies, and the
      prepubertal and adult centiles for height attained are taken from National Center
      for Health Statistics data. The charts are suitable for following an individual
      child's progress during observation or treatment throughout the growth period,
      including puberty.

PMID- 3875705
TI  - Immunization of 2-month-old infants with protein-coupled oligosaccharides derived
      from the capsule of Haemophilus influenzae type b.
AB  - We studied an immunogen consisting of oligosaccharides derived from Haemophilus
      influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide (PRP) coupled to CRM197, a nontoxic
      relative of diphtheria toxin. Subcutaneous injections were given to eight
      subjects at ages 2, 4, and 6 months, simultaneously with conventional diphtheria
      tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine. After the first immunization, total serum anti
      PRP antibodies declined in all subjects, but increased in most after the second
      immunization and after the third in seven of seven subjects analyzed. In these
      seven infants, the geometric mean level at age 9 months (0.73 micrograms/ml)
      exceeded by at least 40 times the means of historical control groups given DTP
      only or DTP plus (uncoupled) PRP vaccine. An isotype-specific assay showed that
      IgM antibodies increased after the first immunization with the coupled vaccine in
      all eight infants. Against the background of declining maternal IgG antibody,
      elevations in IgG antibody were detected after the second or third immunization
      in six of the eight. These six at age 9 to 11 months were immunized with
      (uncoupled) PRP vaccine, and a "boost" in anti-PRP antibody, including an IgG
      component, was found.

PMID- 3875706
TI  - Phenotypic expression in Donohue syndrome (leprechaunism): a role for epidermal
      growth factor.

PMID- 3875707
TI  - Detection of antibodies to Pneumocystis carinii by enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay in experimentally infected mice.

PMID- 3875708
TI  - Growth, digestion, and protein metabolism in neonatal pigs given diets containing
      whey as the predominant or only source of milk protein.
AB  - Milk substitutes containing ratios of casein/whey protein ranging from 80:20 to
      0:100 were given to neonatal pigs. A ratio of 60:40 gave maximum growth rate,
      efficiency of feed utilization and nitrogen retention, and the lowest
      concentration of urea in blood plasma. This ratio is close to that in sow's milk,
      suggesting the hypothesis that in each species the milk may be adapted to the
      protein requirements of their young; by analogy, a casein/whey protein ratio of
      20:80 in humanized milk formula might lead to more efficient protein utilization
      by the infant. In general, changes in the proportion of casein and whey proteins
      in the diet produced similar effects on the free amino acids in blood plasma as
      were found in clinical studies reported in the literature, providing further
      evidence of similarities in the protein metabolism of infants and neonatal pigs.
      The amount of nitrogen in the digesta remaining in the stomach at 1 h after a
      meal indicated that whey proteins empty from the stomach more rapidly than
      casein.

PMID- 3875709
TI  - [Anti-inflammatory, analgesic properties and antipyretic action of 2-amino
      1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-1,3-dione and its derivatives].

PMID- 3875710
TI  - Kinetics of drug action in disease states. XIV. Effect of infusion rate on
      pentylenetetrazol concentrations in serum, brain and cerebrospinal fluid of rats
      at onset of convulsions.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to develop a method which can be used to
      determine the effect of various diseases on the concentration-pharmacologic
      activity relationship of the central nervous system stimulant pentylenetetrazol
      (PTZ, Metrazol) in a manner that excludes or accounts for pharmacokinetic
      variables. Adult female rats (approximately 170 g) received an i.v. infusion of
      PTZ at one of four different rates (0.155-1.53 mg/min) until the animals
      exhibited the first myoclonic jerk. This occurred after an average of 4.9 to 52
      min of infusion. The PTZ concentrations in serum, brain and cerebrospinal fluid
      at this pharmacologic endpoint were independent of infusion rate. Other groups of
      rats were infused at three different rates (0.155-1.53 mg/min) to the onset of
      maximal seizures. Again, the PTZ concentrations in serum, brain and cerebrospinal
      fluid were not significantly affected by the rate of infusion of the drug. The
      average (+/- S.D.) PTZ concentration in cerebrospinal fluid was 46 +/- 5 mg/l (n
      = 22) at the onset of the first myoclonic jerk and 109 +/- 13 mg/l (n = 12) at
      the onset of maximal seizure. PTZ concentrations in brain and serum were similar
      to those in cerebrospinal fluid. The total serum clearance of a 20-mg/kg i.v.
      bolus dose of PTZ was 5.36 +/- 0.34 ml/min/kg, the terminal half-life was 116 +/-
      25 min and the apparent volume of distribution was 896 +/- 134 ml/kg (all values
      are mean +/- S.D.). Serum protein binding was negligible (less than
      10%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3875711
TI  - Change in intracellular calcium ion concentration induced by caffeine and rapid
      cooling in frog skeletal muscle fibres.
AB  - In a single skeletal muscle fibre treated with concentrations of caffeine below
      threshold for caffeine contracture, rapid lowering of the temperature of the
      bathing solution from 18 degrees C to below 5 degrees C induced a contracture
      (rapid cooling contracture). Intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was
      recorded during rapid cooling contracture using aequorin. Low concentrations of
      caffeine often caused a slight elevation of the light signal in resting muscle
      without detectable tension. During rapid cooling contracture, the change in light
      signal occurred in three phases. The first phase was a transient change of
      [Ca2+]i accompanying slight tension. During the second phase, the light signal
      slowly increased as cooling produced maximum tension development. The third phase
      was an additional light signal induced after the second phase, even though the
      tension was saturated. The second and third phases were more sensitive to low
      concentrations of procaine (0.2-0.5 mM) than the first phase. Synchronous
      oscillations of light and tension were often observed during the second phase.
      The light signal during rapid cooling contracture was only slightly affected by
      long incubation in Ca-free or Ca-rich solutions. These results are interpreted as
      follows. A low concentration of caffeine elevates cytoplasmic resting Ca2+ level
      without tension development. The oscillations of light and tension often observed
      in the second phase might represent a cyclic release of Ca2+ from the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum (s.r.). The third phase is considered to be due to a
      massive Ca2+ release by a Ca-induced Ca-release mechanism which might be similar
      to that in skinned fibres. The second phase is probably essential for generation
      of rapid cooling contracture tension and the third phase represents an excess
      Ca2+ for tension development.

PMID- 3875712
TI  - Differences in maximum velocity of shortening along single muscle fibres of the
      frog.
AB  - The velocity of 'unloaded' shortening (V0) and the force-velocity relation were
      studied during fused tetani (0.5-2.0 degrees C) in short successive segments
      along the entire length of single fibres isolated from the tibialis anterior
      muscle of Rana temporaria. The segments were defined by opaque markers of hair
      that were placed on the fibre surface, 0.5-0.8 mm apart, from one tendon
      insertion to the other. The change in distance between two adjacent markers (one
      segment) was monitored by means of a photoelectric recording system, while the
      fibre was released to shorten isotonically between 2.2 and 2.0 micron sarcomere
      lengths. The accuracy of the V0 measurement was better than 4% in all parts of
      the fibre. V0 varied along the length of the fibre, each fibre having a unique
      velocity pattern that remained constant throughout the experiment. The difference
      between the highest and lowest values of V0 within the fibre varied between 11
      and 45% of the fibre mean in thirty-two preparations (mean difference 23 +/- 2%,
      S.E. of mean). An attempt was made to relate the V0 pattern to the fibre's
      orientation in the body in fourteen complete experiments. The highest values of
      V0 were obtained near the proximal end of the fibre, and there was a clear trend
      for V0 to assume lower values towards the distal end. The V0 pattern along the
      fibre did not correlate with the segments' capacities to produce force nor with
      the passive viscoelastic properties of the segments. Force-velocity data obtained
      from individual segments provided a good fit to Hill's (1938) hyperbolic equation
      at loads less than 80% of the measured tetanic force. The curvature of the force
      velocity relation, defined by alpha/P0 in Hill's equation (P0 being the isometric
      force calculated from the hyperbolic function) varied between 0.09 and 0.46 in
      sixteen segments of six different fibres. V0 was inversely related to alpha/P0
      according to the following regression: V0 = 3.21 - 3.22. (alpha/P0), correlation
      coefficient, 0.72; P less than 0.005. No clear correlation between V0 and
      alpha/P0 existed at the whole-fibre level. The results support the view that the
      kinetic properties of the myofilament system differ from one region to another
      along the length of a muscle fibre.

PMID- 3875713
TI  - Submarine painting: a cross-sectional epidemiological investigation into work
      related symptoms and lung function.

PMID- 3875714
TI  - Altered mitogen- and alloantigen-induced lymphoproliferative responses in primary
      lymphoid organs of pregnant mice.
AB  - The effect of syngeneic murine pregnancy on the response of lymphocytes from the
      primary lymphoid organs to mitogenic and alloantigenic stimulation was
      investigated. Thymocytes and bone marrow cells from gravid animals were found to
      exhibit elevated reactivity to T cell mitogens and allogeneic stimulator cells.
      In contrast, the LPS response of bone marrow cells from pregnant mice did not
      differ significantly from that of virgin animals. These findings indicate that
      the immune reactivity of T cells derived from the primary lymphoid organs is
      altered during syngeneic murine pregnancy. Pregnancy-induced modifications in T
      lymphocyte reactivity may contribute to the ability of the maternal immune system
      to recognize and react against fetal antigens.

PMID- 3875715
TI  - Acute rheumatic fever in adults--understanding the disease.

PMID- 3875716
TI  - Rheumatoid factors and HLA-DR4 in RA.
AB  - The levels of serum rheumatoid factors (RF) and the in vitro production of
      immunoglobulin were studied in 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and
      compared to the in vitro responses of 20 controls. In RA patients the levels of
      serum IgM RF and IgG RF were not significantly increased in patients possessing
      HLA-DR4 or any other DR antigen. Lymphocytes from seropositive RA patients
      released measurable quantities of IgM RF spontaneously, greatest in those
      possessing HLA-DR4. When lymphocytes were treated with either pokeweed mitogen or
      the T cell mitogen derived from Mycoplasma arthritidis the increased production
      of IgM RF was not related to HLA-DR4 status, either for RA patients or controls.
      Seronegative RA lymphocytes, while having similar IgM RF responses to controls,
      differed in having IgG RF in their serum.

PMID- 3875717
TI  - Clinical features, autoantibodies and HLA-DR antigens in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - HLA-DR4 was associated with seropositive but not seronegative disease in 105
      Caucasians with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There were no clinical or radiological
      differences between DR4 positive and negative RA groups, although 7 of 8 patients
      with early disease onset (less than 30 yr) were DR4 positive. High rheumatoid
      factor (RF) titers were more frequent in DR4 negative RA. A plot of the frequency
      distribution of RF titers in DR4 negative disease showed a bimodal distribution
      with seronegative and high titer groups. HLA-DR3 was not associated with high RF
      titers but was associated with high titers of antinuclear antibodies.

PMID- 3875718
TI  - Serum IgG and IgM rheumatoid factors and complement activation in extraarticular
      rheumatoid disease.
AB  - Rheumatoid factors (RF) may participate in both synovial and extraarticular (EA)
      inflammation in rheumatoid disease (RD). The relative roles of serum IgG RF and
      IgM RF in extraarticular rheumatoid disease (EARD) are unclear, as is the
      importance of complement (C) activation by these proteins. To investigate the
      relation of C activating properties of IgM RF (RF CAP) and total IgG RF and IgM
      RF to EARD we compared 18 patients with only articular disease to 27 patients
      with various EA manifestations (nodules, cutaneous vasculitis, neuropathy,
      Felty's syndrome) using radioimmunoassays for IgG and IgM RF and an established
      hemolytic assay for C activation by IgM RF. We calculated RF CAP by determining
      the mean hemolysis of sensitized SRBC/ml of RF serum (MH/ml). Normal volunteers
      and patients with other inflammatory arthritides served as controls. Controls had
      negligible amounts of IgG RF, IgM RF, and RF CAP. Mean IgG and IgM RF levels and
      RF CAP values were significantly higher in patients with EARD than those in the
      arthritis-only (AO) group. Mean IgM RF concentrations and IgM RF CAP correlated
      with each other and EARD. IgG RF also correlated with IgM RF and EARD, but did
      not contribute to RF CAP or EARD when adjusted for IgM RF. Further, some patients
      had high RF CAP values despite modest IgM RF levels. These data suggest that
      quantitative differences in IgM RF CAP and total IgM RF may be more important
      than IgG RF as determinants of EARD.

PMID- 3875719
TI  - Synovial fluid analysis--another look at the mucin clot test.
AB  - We analyzed the relationship between the mucin clot test and the synovial fluid
      (SF) leukocyte count in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), gout, and
      calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease. Except for RA there
      was no statistically significant relationship between white count and a tight
      mucin determination within the disease categories. For low (2 X 10(9) cells/l or
      less) leukocyte counts, the crystal induced arthropathies had a significantly
      greater proportion showing a tight reaction than found in the osteoarthritic and
      rheumatoid fluids. We propose that mucin clot determinations may reflect synovial
      membrane activity rather than SF leukocyte counts.

PMID- 3875720
TI  - Polymyositis/dermatomyositis: clinical features and outcome in 22 patients.
AB  - Twenty-two adult patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) have been
      seen at the Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital since 1970. DM
      accounted for 50% of the patients. Malignancy was found within 3 years of
      presentation in 32% and was present in 46% of patients over age 50. Forty-six
      percent of patients with DM versus 18% of those with PM had a malignancy. Seven
      patients died. Fourteen patients were seen at a mean followup of 5.6 years. By
      life-table analysis, 42% of patients terminated corticosteroids within 3 years
      from diagnosis. The mean dose of prednisone in 8 patients being treated at
      followup was 11.7 mg daily. Functional disability, however, was common at
      followup. Thirty-six percent had substantial disability related to the disease or
      its treatment.

PMID- 3875721
TI  - HLA-B27 related arthritis and bowel inflammation. Part 2. Ileocolonoscopy and
      bowel histology in patients with HLA-B27 related arthritis.
AB  - Ileocolonoscopy and microscopic examination of ileum biopsies were performed on
      35 patients with reactive arthritis, with asymmetrical pauciarticular arthritis
      and enthesopathies. Ileocolonoscopy was also performed on 26 patients with
      ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and on 19 control patients with rheumatoid arthritis,
      juvenile chronic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriatic arthritis.
      In the reactive group, ileocolonoscopy showed macroscopic inflammation in 16
      cases and abnormal microscopic examination in all but 2 cases, even in patients
      without gastrointestinal disorders. In the 2 patients with sexually acquired
      disease, the gut was normal. In the AS group, inflammation was observed in the
      B27 negative and positive patients with peripheral joint involvement.
      Occasionally, ileal signs were seen in the HLA-B27 positive patients without
      peripheral joint involvement. None of the controls showed signs of gut
      inflammation. Ilecolonoscopy may be of value in detecting subclinical forms of
      bowel inflammation.

PMID- 3875722
TI  - Enthesopathy of the heels in juvenile onset seronegative B-27 positive
      spondyloarthropathy.
AB  - Severe heel enthesopathy was diagnosed in 4 of 18 cases of juvenile onset
      seronegative spondyloarthropathy. The plantar fascia was affected in each case,
      whereas the insertion of the Achilles tendon was involved in only one case. All
      were males over the age of 8 at the onset of arthropathy; HLA-B27 was present in
      each patient. Mild heel pain was found in 4 other patients. The prognosis was
      poor in patients with severe talalgia but better in patients with mild or no
      talalgia. When compared with the adult onset spondyloarthropathy, the incidence
      of severe heel pain was almost the same. No cases of Achilles tendon thickening
      were found in the juvenile patients.

PMID- 3875723
TI  - Exacerbation of B27 positive spondyloarthropathy by enteric infections.

PMID- 3875724
TI  - The significance of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency heterozygosity in rheumatoid
      arthritis.

PMID- 3875725
TI  - Preparation and antiarthritic and analgesic activity of 4,5-diaryl-2-(substituted
      thio)-1H-imidazoles and their sulfoxides and sulfones.
AB  - A series of 4,5-diaryl-2-(substituted thio)-1H-imidazoles was synthesized and
      evaluated as antiinflammatory and analgesic agents in the rat adjuvant induced
      arthritis assay and the mouse phenyl-p-benzoquinone writhing (PQW) assay. Several
      analogues were found to be more potent than phenylbutazone and indomethacin.
      Structure-activity relationships are discussed. One of the compounds, 4,5-bis(4
      fluorophenyl)-2-[(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)-sulfonyl]-1H- imidazole (8d,
      tiflamizole), was found to be 8 times as potent as indomethacin in the rat
      adjuvant induced arthritis assay and is presently undergoing clinical trial as an
      antiarthritic drug.

PMID- 3875726
TI  - 11C-labeled 4-isopropylantipyrine: preparation and biological evaluation as a
      blood flow tracer in positron emission tomography (PET).
AB  - Radiolabeled 4-isopropylantipyrine (1) has been synthesized and evaluated as a
      tracer for the measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF). Methylation of 4
      isopropyl-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazol-5-one (2) with [14C]methyl iodide in
      acetonitrile gave [14C]-1 in radiochemical yields of 10-20%. Its blood-brain
      partition coefficient in rats was determined to be 0.62 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- SE).
      Autoradiographic determination of regional cerebral blood flow under normal flow
      conditions indicated that [14 C]-1 gives results essentially identical with those
      obtained with the widely used tracer [14C]-4-iodoantipyrine ( [14C]-IAP). Studies
      performed in high-flow states indicated that [14C]-1 is not more diffusion
      limited than [14C]-IAP. A rapid synthesis was therefore developed for the
      preparation of [11C]-1. Radiochemical yields were increased to 40-50% when the
      alkylation of 2 with [11C]methyl iodide was performed in dimethyl sulfoxide using
      solid potassium hydroxide as a base. Since the 11C-labeled compound can easily be
      produced in large quantities and since the tracer is not diffusion limited at
      flow rates commonly observed in normal and most pathological states in man, [11C]
      4-isopropylantipyrine will be used for in vivo studies of CBF using positron
      emission tomography.

PMID- 3875727
TI  - Determination of the electromotive force of active sodium transport in frog skin
      epithelium (Rana temporaria) from presteady-state flux ratio experiments.
AB  - The presteady-state influxes and effluxes of sodium across frog skin epithelium
      have been determined as a function of time while all electrophysiological
      parameters were maintained constant. The fluxes measured were resolved in the
      fractions which have passed a pathway through the cells and those that have used
      a paracellular pathway. The procedure is based on the theory that all presteady
      state flux ratios have to be equal to the steady-state flux ratio if only one
      pathway is involved. The flux ratios for the transcellular route were used to
      calculate the electromotive force of the sodium pump. The calculation hinges on
      the assumptions (a) that both influx and efflux have to pass through the sodium
      pump and (b) that single file diffusion of sodium is not taking place anywhere
      along the path. The validity of both assumptions is discussed. Our calculated
      values for the electromotive force of the sodium pump EaNa vary between 146 and
      200 mV, which is in agreement with the energy of the ATP/ADP system. There is a
      distinct indication that, as the electrochemical gradient for sodium opposing the
      transport is being increased, the emf increases towards an asymptotic value
      around 200 mV. The relation between the value of EaNa and the cellular
      phosphorylation potential for ATP is discussed.

PMID- 3875728
TI  - Evaluation of transport pathways for Na+ across frog skin epithelium by means of
      presteady-state flux ratio.
AB  - A method is described that makes it possible to separate the sodium fluxes
      through the isolated frog skin into sets characteristic of the cellular and the
      paracellular pathway, respectively. If there are two significant pathways for the
      ion, and if they differ with respect to flux ratio as well as mean passage time,
      the flux ratios for the individual pathways can be obtained from a set of inward
      and outward tracer fluxes, covering the time from the addition of the tracers
      until the achievement of constant fluxes in both directions.

PMID- 3875729
TI  - Amalgam restorations: a cross-sectional survey of placement and replacement.

PMID- 3875730
TI  - The physician's role in rape victim management: an examination of rape
      epidemiology in Mississippi.

PMID- 3875731
TI  - Phage P1 Cre-loxP site-specific recombination. Effects of DNA supercoiling on
      catenation and knotting of recombinant products.
AB  - Bacteriophage P1 contains a site-specific recombination system consisting of a
      site, loxP, and a recombinase protein Cre. We have shown that with purified Cre
      protein we can carry out recombination between two loxP sites in vitro. When that
      recombination occurs between two sites in direct orientation on the same DNA
      molecule, we observed the production of free and catenated circular molecules. In
      this paper we show that recombination between sites in opposite orientation leads
      to both knotted and unknotted circular products. We also demonstrate that the
      production of catenanes and knots is influenced by two factors: (1) supercoiling
      in the DNA substrate, supercoiled DNA substrates yield significantly more
      catenated and knotted products than nicked circular substrates; and (2) mutations
      in the loxP site, a class of mutations have been isolated that carry out
      recombination but result in a distribution of products in which the ratio of
      catenanes to free circles is increased over that observed with a wild-type site.
      A more detailed analysis of the products from recombination between wild-type
      sites indicates: (1) that the catenanes or knots produced by recombination are
      both simple and complex; (2) that the ratio of free products to catenanes is
      independent of the distance between the two directly repeated loxP sites; and (3)
      that for DNA substrates with four loxP sites significant recombination between
      non-adjacent sites occurs to give free circular products. These observations
      provide insights into how two loxP sites are brought together during
      recombination.

PMID- 3875732
TI  - Effects of sulphate and urea on the stability and reversible unfolding of beta
      lactamase from Staphylococcus aureus. Implications for the folding pathway of
      beta-lactamase.
AB  - The reversible denaturation by urea of beta-lactamase from Staphylococcus aureus
      was followed in the presence and absence of ammonium sulphate by circular
      dichroism studies, difference absorption spectroscopy and measurement of enzyme
      activity. The multiple unfolding and refolding transitions demonstrate the
      existence of a thermodynamically stable state of intermediate conformation in
      equilibrium with the native (N) and fully unfolded (U) states. Its physical
      properties show that it is identical to the state H found on denaturation by
      guanidinium chloride. State H is 10.1 (+/-1.5) kJ mol-1 less stable than the
      native state and 10.1 (+/-1.6) kJ mol-1 more stable than the unfolded state.
      Ammonium sulphate shifts both the N in equilibrium H and H in equilibrium U
      transitions to concentrations of urea higher by 5.3 M per mole of sulphate. It
      has markedly different effects on the thermodynamic stabilities of states N and
      H, making delta G'N-H, O and delta G'H-U, O more negative by 41 kJ mol and 20 kJ
      mole, respectively, per mole of ammonium sulphate. The change in equilibrium
      constant for the N-H transition is reflected almost exclusively in a dramatic
      change of the unfolding rate constant, which is decreased by a factor of 10(11)
      on addition of 1.4 M-sulphate. The presence of the substrate benzyl penicillin
      has little effect on the equilibria or kinetics of the N-H transition. The
      results are discussed in terms of the nature of the N-H transition and of the
      ordering of intermediate states on the folding pathway.

PMID- 3875733
TI  - The content of non-esterified fatty acids in rat myocardial tissue. A comparison
      between the Dole and Folch extraction procedures.
AB  - Oliver and coworkers hypothesized that under certain circumstances NEFA (non
      esterified fatty acids = FFA = free fatty acids) might be toxic for myocardial
      function. Unambiguous conclusions on the putative detrimental effect of
      intracellularly localized NEFA are hampered by contradictory values published for
      the NEFA content in normoxic myocardial tissue. From studies in which the assay
      procedures were carefully evaluated, one might conclude that the NEFA content in
      dog and rat myocardial tissue will not exceed 60 and 150 nmol/g wet weight,
      respectively. However, recently Victor and coworkers found considerably higher
      NEFA values in rat myocardial tissue and suggested that the low NEFA values as
      measured, for example, in our laboratory, resulted from incomplete extraction
      when the Folch medium was applied instead of the Dole mixture. Since Victor and
      coworkers used a modified Dole procedure as described by Hagenfeldt, we evaluated
      the Folch procedure as well as the original Dole technique and the modified
      version. Our findings indicate that the lower values found by the Folch technique
      are more likely to be correct. Incomplete extraction of NEFA did not occur,
      whereas hydrolysis and transmethylation of phospholipid fatty acids were observed
      in case of the (modified) Dole procedures.

PMID- 3875734
TI  - Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy: a functional and morphological study.
AB  - Percutaneous removal of renal calculi requires a nephrostomy track, irrigation
      and lithotripsy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of these
      procedures on renal function and anatomy. Renal access was obtained through a
      small left subcostal incision and a 22 Ch nephrostomy track was formed by fine
      parenchymal puncture and serial dilation in 15 dogs. Three liters of glycine
      solution were perfused through these tracks. In a further 16 dogs, human calculi
      were placed transparenchymally in the renal pelvis and disintegrated under vision
      through the Wolf nephroscope using an ultrasonic probe in 8 and electrohydraulic
      probe in 8. Assessments were made in all animals at 48 hours or 6 weeks by
      creatinine clearance, microfil casts, contrast radiography and ex-situ
      conventional and digital subtraction angiography. There was no significant
      urinary leakage or bleeding from the nephrostomy track at 48 hours. There was a
      small track hematoma and at 6 weeks a surface dimple and fine linear parenchymal
      scar. There was no ureteric or pelvic damage. Microfil casts showed small track
      defects at 48 hours resolving to a fine scar at 6 weeks. All angiograms were
      normal. Some IVU's displayed minor track defects at 48 hours but all were normal
      at 6 weeks. Corrosion casts and subtraction angiography demonstrated no
      significant vascular defects. Creatinine clearance showed no significant
      difference between experimental and control sides. Occasionally, intra pelvic
      scatter of fine calculus fragments was seen at 48 hours but none was detectable
      at 6 weeks. Transparenchymal nephrostomy, irrigation and nephrolithotripsy caused
      initial minor anatomical defects that rapidly resolved and were not associated
      with any loss of renal function.

PMID- 3875735
TI  - Surgical repair of the kidney after blunt lesions of intermediate degree using a
      Vicryl mesh: an experimental study.
AB  - Twelve experimentally induced blunt renal lesions in pigs were treated either
      with an alloplastic renal capsule made of semi-elastic Vicryl mesh or with
      homologous pig fibrin adhesive or with through-and-through chromic catgut sutures
      as controls. The Vicryl mesh capsule was made by the Ethnor Company (Paris,
      France) to our specifications. The postoperative isotope nephrograms, which were
      repeated until the Vicryl had been fully resorbed, showed good renal function in
      every case. However, when compared to the controls, the kidneys which had been
      repaired with Vicryl mesh contained considerably less scar tissue at the site of
      parenchymal rupture and showed neither perirenal fibrosis nor atrophy of the
      parenchyma in the vicinity of the capsule. Our preliminary results seem to
      confirm that simple and rapid surgical treatment of moderately severe blunt renal
      lesions is possible using the alloplastic Vicryl mesh capsule. The method may
      also be suitable for reconstruction of the parenchyma following multiple
      nephrotomies, such as for removal of staghorn calculus, and experimental
      investigations are under way to clarify this point.

PMID- 3875736
TI  - True aneurysm of the pancreaticoduodenal artery: a case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - A case of aneurysm of the pancreaticoduodenal artery is reported. Its differences
      from false aneurysms of the same artery are defined. The use of CT as a screening
      instrument and angiography as the definitive diagnostic tool is suggested to
      avoid undue delay in corrective treatment.

PMID- 3875737
TI  - Effects of intracoronary thrombolysis on infarct size and left ventricular
      function in patients with anterior myocardial infarction--enzymatic,
      electrocardiographic, radionuclide and hemodynamic evaluations.
AB  - The influence of the duration of ischemia on infarct size and left ventricular
      function (LV) was assessed in 30 patients with a first anterior myocardial
      infarction (MI) and intracoronary thrombolysis (ICTL) on admission. The occlusion
      time of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was 4 hours or less in
      11 patients (group I), 4-10 hours in 11 (group II) and 10 hours or more in eight
      (group III). Serial measurements of serum creatine kinase-MB were carried out
      during the acute phase. Four weeks after the procedure, electrocardiographic
      pathological Q waves on 34-lead precordial mapping were scored, viable left
      ventricular myocardial volume and the ratio of infarcted to total left
      ventricular myocardial volume was estimated by myocardial emission computed
      tomography (ECT) with thallium-201. In the acute phase enzymatic estimation of
      infarct size showed a significant difference between group I and the other two
      groups but not between groups II and III; there were no significant differences
      in the degree of left ventricular asynergy among the three groups. In the chronic
      phase infarct sizes evaluated by both Q wave mapping and ECT were smaller in
      group I than those in group II, which were smaller than those in group III; there
      were significant differences in the degree of LV asynergy among the three groups
      (group I less than II less than III). LV function was nearly normal in group I,
      moderately impaired in group II, but severely depressed in group III 4 weeks
      later. The present study indicates that infarct size extends and LV function
      deteriorates with the duration of occlusion of the LAD and that not only early
      (less than or equal to 4 hours) but also later (4-10 hours) reperfusion is
      beneficial to prevent the extension of MI and deterioration of LV function in
      patients with anterior MI.

PMID- 3875738
TI  - [Changes in oxygen consumption (VO2) during open heart surgery].

PMID- 3875739
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies on cefminox].
AB  - Cefminox (CMNX, MT-141) was tried in children with various infection and the
      following results were obtained. Serum levels and urinary recovery of CMNX were
      studied in 2 patients aged with 9 and 11 years. After intravenous injection of 20
      mg/kg, the mean serum concentrations at 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours
      after the administration were 178.7, 122.2, 73.9, 41.0, 14.0 and 5.3
      micrograms/ml, respectively. The half-life in serum was 1.36 hours. The average
      urinary recovery rate of CMNX was 86.5% at 6 hours after the administration. The
      therapeutic efficacy was excellent in 18, good in 1 and poor in 1 patient, the
      efficacy rate being 95%. As for the side effects, slight elevation of S-GOT and
      drug fever were observed in 2 cases.

PMID- 3875740
TI  - [Clinical experience with cefminox in the pediatric field].
AB  - Cefminox (CMNX, MT-141) was given intravenously to 20 children with the following
      acute bacterial infections; 10 cases of bronchopneumonia, 4 cases of urinary
      tract infection, 2 cases of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, each 1 case of
      acute pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis, purulent cervical lymphadenitis and acute
      tonsillitis, and pleuritis. Good clinical responses were obtained in 18 patients
      out of 20 patients and bacteriological effectiveness in 13 strains out of 14
      strains. No side effect was observed except for 1 case with diarrhea and 1 case
      with slight elevation of GOT and GPT. From the above clinical results, it is
      apparent that CMNX is a useful antibiotic for treating pediatric patients with
      various kinds of bacterial infections.

PMID- 3875741
TI  - [VP 16-213].
AB  - Phase II-III trials of oral VP 16-213 (VP 16) were conducted in non-Hodgkin
      lymphoma (NHL) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Of 29 heavily pretreated
      patients (pts) with NHL treated VP 16 at a dose of 200 mg/d days 1-5 q 3w, there
      were 3 CRs and 6 PRs (CR + PR : 31%) lasting 16 (7-185) weeks. Of 19 pts with NHL
      in stages III-IV treated by a non-cross alternating regimen consisting of AVCP
      (ADM, VCR, CPM, PDN)/EMLP (VP 16, MTX, L-ASP PDN), there were 4 CRs (21%) and 14
      PRs (74%) lasting a median duration of 4.5 months. A combination consisting of
      VCR. VP 16 and CPM (VEC) was administered to a total of 29 pts with SCLC. Nine
      out of 10 pts with LD and 10 out of 19 pts with ED were attained CR after 2
      cycles of VEC and subsequent irradiation to primary tumor. A median survival time
      of CR (LD + ED) exceeded one year while that of PR was 7+ months. These results
      indicated that oral VP 16 has significant activity for NHL and SCLC and lack of
      cross resistance to conventional drugs used for NHL.

PMID- 3875742
TI  - [Identification of human T lymphocytes subsets by KOLT-1 monoclonal antibody].

PMID- 3875743
TI  - [T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated with leukemic pericarditis,
      presenting t (5; 12) chromosome abnormality].

PMID- 3875744
TI  - [A case of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia].

PMID- 3875745
TI  - [A case of CTCL (TH/I) with tubulo-reticular structure in tumor cells and
      spontaneous regression].

PMID- 3875746
TI  - [Plasminogen activator inhibitor activity of cultured cancer bearing and non
      bearing xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts].

PMID- 3875747
TI  - [Morphological and immunohistochemical investigation of solitary lymphatic
      nodules in the normal human terminal ileum and duodenal bulb].

PMID- 3875748
TI  - [An operative case of hemosuccus pancreaticus].

PMID- 3875749
TI  - [Clinical significance of myocardial bridging in coronary artery surgery].

PMID- 3875750
TI  - Cross-reactivities of mouse anti-xenogeneic lymphocyte antisera with mouse
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 3875751
TI  - T-cell involvement in adoptive transfer of line 10 tumor immunity in strain 2
      guinea pigs.
AB  - Several aspects of adoptive transfer of tumor immunity were studied in the line
      10 hepatocarcinoma in the syngeneic Sewall-Wright strain 2 guinea pig. In
      particular, the need for cooperation between donor and recipient T-cells was
      investigated. Donor immune spleen cells remained immunologically capable of
      inducing tumor rejection for at least 160 days after adoptive transfer.
      Irradiated (1,000 rad) or mitomycin-treated immune spleen cells lacked tumor
      rejection activity, which is indicative of the necessity for in vivo
      proliferation after adoptive transfer of immunity. Furthermore, adoptive transfer
      of tumor immunity was abrogated after treatment of the line 10 immune spleen
      cells with rabbit anti-guinea pig-thymocyte serum (ATS) plus complement. The role
      of recipient T-cells was investigated in strain 2 guinea pigs which were T-cell
      depleted by thymectomy, irradiation, and bone marrow reconstitution (T-XBM
      animals). Severe suppression of T-cell activity was present at 2 and 6 weeks
      after irradiation and bone marrow reconstitution. At 10 weeks nonspecific T-cell
      activity was partially restored. The induction of antigen-specific responses,
      measured by delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing in vivo and antigenic
      stimulation in vitro, was suppressed at 2 weeks after irradiation and bone marrow
      reconstitution. Additional in vivo treatment of T-XBM animals with a rabbit ATS
      improved the T-cell depletion only moderately. Tumor growth and tumor rejection
      after adoptive transfer of immunity were equal in normal and T-cell-deprived
      recipient animals, thus indicating that recipient T-cells are not needed for
      tumor rejection after adoptive transfer of line 10 tumor immunity.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3875752
TI  - [Immunomodulating therapy with indomethacin and levamisole in patients with
      chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma].

PMID- 3875753
TI  - [Dissociation of vestibular autonomic and sensory reactions].
AB  - The studies of healthy people and test subjects with vestibular reception
      disorders yielded data about relative independence of the vestibulo-autonomic and
      vestibulo-sensory reactions during routine vestibulometric and tilt tests. The
      subjects with a changed labyrinthine function showed a higher vestibulo-autonomic
      stability as compared to those with normal hearing. In both groups the sensory
      component of vestibular reactions did not differ significantly. Hemodynamic
      changes were found to modify some parameters of the nystagmic reactions.

PMID- 3875754
TI  - [Structure of the vestibular apparatus and ionic composition of the body of
      Xenopus laevis larvae as affected by weightlessness].
AB  - Clawed frog larvae (stages 45-46) that developed for 9 and 8 days beginning with
      the blastula and tail bud stages, respectively, in the weightless state were
      investigated. Scanning microscopy of the larval labyrinths did not reveal
      significant qualitative changes in the receptor and supporting cells of the
      maculae and in the otolith membrane. Determination of the electrolyte composition
      (Na, K, Ca, Mg) of the larval body showed no significant changes in the relative
      content of these elements. The morphometric examinations indicated an increase of
      the size of the utricular otoliths by 1.3 times as a result of exposure to
      weightlessness. There was a tendency for a greater asymmetry between the left and
      right otoliths in the same larva.

PMID- 3875755
TI  - How to diagnose anorectal disease.

PMID- 3875756
TI  - Employment of workers with cardiac disease.

PMID- 3875757
TI  - Tumor escape from immune elimination: simplified precursor bound cytotoxicity
      models.
AB  - In this paper we present a series of models on cytotoxic T-cell activation
      derived, by successive simplifications, from the model for Tumor Escape from
      Immune Elimination of Grossman & Berke (1980). In their model Grossman & Berke
      (1980) investigate the "sneaking through" phenomenon, by which they mean that
      small tumors grow progressively, medium-sized tumors are rejected and large ones
      break through again. We define precursor bound cytotoxicity models as systems
      incapable of infinite proliferation. We show that sneaking through can occur in a
      broad class of very simple precursor bound cytotoxicity models due to the
      depletion of the precursor cells. The simplest process by which precursors can be
      depleted is long-lasting antigenic stimulation. We conclude that in precursor
      bound cytotoxicity models sneaking through does not need the rather intricate
      combination of counteracting feedback loops, memory and blocking described by
      Grossman & Berke (1980).

PMID- 3875759
TI  - [Evaluation of present stage of PONR in our hospital; from the perspective of the
      recording system].

PMID- 3875758
TI  - The release of endogenous dopamine from rat striatum during incubation in vitro.
AB  - In this study the conditions for quantitative estimation of the spontaneous and
      KCl-stimulated release of endogenous dopamine from rat striatum during in vitro
      incubation have been investigated. KCl concentrations of 15-35 mM produced
      increasing stimulation of dopamine release during 20 min of incubation in vitro,
      while KCl concentrations of 45 and 60 mM produced no further significant increase
      in release. In the presence of 4.7 or 20 mM KCl, dopamine release was linear
      throughout a 20 min period of incubation; in the presence of 25 or 60 mM KCl,
      however, dopamine release was not linear, reaching a maximum within 8 min of
      incubation. Three structurally unrelated inhibitors of monoamine uptake were
      shown to enhance the net spontaneous release of endogenous dopamine at low
      concentrations, but to inhibit release at high concentrations. The ethanol
      induced enhancement of striatal dopamine release was used to demonstrate the
      importance of an appropriate concentration of an amine uptake inhibitor in the
      incubation media. It is concluded that the incubation of rat striatal tissues in
      vitro, coupled with amine analysis by high performance liquid chromatography with
      electrochemical detection, constitutes an effective technique for the
      quantitative estimation of endogenous dopamine release, providing appropriate
      concentrations of a reuptake inhibitor and a monoamine oxidase inhibitor are
      included in the incubation media. Where rates of KCl-stimulated amine release
      with time are to be determined, however, a low concentration of KCl must be used,
      or the tissues must be subjected to incubation for short periods of time.

PMID- 3875760
TI  - [Evaluation of present state of PONR in our hospital: from the perspective of
      systems analysis].

PMID- 3875761
TI  - [Evaluation of present state of PONR in our hospital: from the perspective of
      staff development].

PMID- 3875762
TI  - [Evaluation of present state of POS in our hospital (especially in the
      hemodialysis unit); from the perspective of joint practice].

PMID- 3875763
TI  - [Discussion on evaluation of POS].

PMID- 3875764
TI  - Biochemical heterogeneity of human interleukin-1.
AB  - Human interleukin 1 (IL-1), a mediator of several host defense responses, is
      usually considered to have a molecular weight of 15,000 daltons and an
      isoelectric point near neutrality. However, during purification, significant IL-1
      like activity is also found with apparent molecular weights of greater than
      80,000, 50,000, and 35,000 daltons. The active species with the highest apparent
      molecular weight (greater than 80 kilodaltons) is not a strong comitogen for
      thymocytes but exhibits relatively strong direct mitogenic activity. By affinity
      By affinity chromatography, it was shown that the direct mitogen is probably a
      contaminant distinct from the IL-1. Significant IL-1 activity is also recovered
      at approximately 50,000 daltons, but upon rechromatography it dissociates,
      suggesting that it is an aggregate. In contrast, the species eluting at 35,000
      daltons and 15,000 daltons are stable upon rechromatography even in 6 M urea.
      Upon isoelectric focusing, the 15,000 and the 35,000 dalton species show similar
      patterns, with a prominent peak of IL-1 activity near neutrality and multiple
      peaks in the range of pI 4.5-5.8. Therefore, it appears that human monocytes
      secrete at least four biochemically distinct and noninterconvertible proteins,
      all of which stimulate the proliferation of murine thymocytes in the presence of
      PHA. Although the IL-1 preparations described above were prepared by pooling IL-1
      rich supernatants from 12 donors, the heterogeneity is not due to genetic
      diversity. A similar set of four molecules with IL-1 activity was derived from
      the leukocytes of a single patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and from
      a single human placenta.

PMID- 3875765
TI  - Biochemical characterization and separation of low molecular weight urinary
      thymocyte and fibroblast proliferative activities.
AB  - Normal human urine was found to contain two low molecular weight (ca. 4000 and
      2000 molecular weight [mw]) fractions that exhibit IL-1-like properties. In
      vitro, both the 2K and 4K fractions demonstrated mouse thymocyte proliferative
      activity in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) (i.e., LAF-like), whereas
      only the 2K fraction also induced proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts. A
      third fraction (ca. 75,000 mw), which demonstrated both biologic activities, was
      shown to convert exclusively to the 2K and 4K activities after treatment with the
      nonionic detergent CHAPS (3-[3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammino]-1-propane
      sulfonate). Liquid isoelectric focusing of the 4K urinary LAF fraction revealed
      that the thymocyte costimulatory activity focused at pH 5.3 and 6.7. The
      thymocyte proliferative activity in the 2K pool focused at pH 7.5 and 8.7, as
      well as at pH 5.3 and 6.7. The 2K fibroblast activity, however, focused only at
      pH 7.5. Anion exchange chromatography also separated the fibroblast and thymocyte
      comitogenic proliferative activities. The fibroblast activity eluted as two sharp
      peaks between 0.5 and 0.7 M NaCl, whereas the 2K and 4K thymocyte activities
      eluted as a broader peak with 1 M NaCl. The origin of the 2K fibroblast
      proliferation factor remains to be established. However, since the urinary gel
      filtration fractions with low mw thymocyte costimulatory activity did not support
      the growth of IL-2-dependent cell lines, they are presumably fragments of IL-1
      rather than related to IL-2. Results of this study further suggest that the
      lymphoproliferative activity and fibroblast proliferative activity of interleukin
      1 are not necessarily coupled.

PMID- 3875766
TI  - Intracellular human IL-1: a precursor for the secreted monokine.
AB  - An intracellular monocyte derived protein possessing interleukin 1 (IL-1)
      activity has been compared with the secreted from of IL-1. Our results indicated
      that this intracellular IL-1 had an apparent size greater than that of
      extracellular IL-1. Data are presented to show that a rabbit heterotypic
      antiserum prepared against epitopes on the secreted form of human IL-1 blocked
      the biologic activity of intracellular IL-1 in a dose dependent manner.
      Intracellular IL-1 had a mass of 30-40 kDa as determined by gel filtration using
      sephacryl-200 gel.

PMID- 3875767
TI  - Expression of glandular kallikrein genes in lymphoid and hemopoietic tissues and
      cell lines.
AB  - The glandular kallikreins are a family of serine proteases thought to be involved
      in maturation of some growth factors. We have investigated the possibility that
      members of this family are responsible for cleavage or glycosylation of growth
      factors produced by cells of hemopoietic or lymphoid origin. Kallikrein mRNA was
      detected by blot hybridization only in RNA from mesenteric lymph nodes and
      Peyer's patches. It was not detected in T cells or the T lymphoma cell line EL-4
      nor in macrophages or macrophagelike cell lines, even when stimulated to undergo
      steps in the differentiation pathway. We conclude that genes in the kallikrein
      cluster do not code for enzymes responsible for processing growth factors in
      these cell types.

PMID- 3875768
TI  - T cells from lymphoepithelial thymoma produce a biochemical variant of IL-2.
AB  - The supernatant of TE+ lymphocytes isolated by density gradient from a lympho
      epithelial thymoma contained a biochemical variant of T cell growth factor (IL
      2). This protein showed two peaks with an apparent molecular weight of 18 and 28
      kd by Sephadex G 100 chromatography. Further purification was achieved by DEAE
      Sephacel and CM Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography. By isoelectric focusing
      the isoelectric point was found to differ from that of normal. IL-2. Based on
      these results, the IL-2 variant appears to be a new kind of lymphokine
      distinguishable from normal IL-2 and similar to a TCGF (L-TCGF peak II) purified
      from the malignant T cell clone HUT 102.

PMID- 3875769
TI  - [Systemic lupus erythematosus: disease or syndrome?].

PMID- 3875770
TI  - [Treatment Candida albicans endophthalmitis with ketoconazole].

PMID- 3875771
TI  - [Thymoma and pure red-cell aplasia. Immunologic study of 3 cases].

PMID- 3875772
TI  - [Thymoma and associated immunologic changes: T lymphocytes and the regulation of
      hematopoiesis].

PMID- 3875773
TI  - [Does mixed connective tissue disease exist or not?].

PMID- 3875774
TI  - [Acromegaloidism: report of a case].

PMID- 3875775
TI  - [Therapy of sudden deafness and isolated unilateral vestibular loss].
AB  - The evaluation of therapeutic success in sudden hearing loss (90 publications),
      and in sudden unilateral isolated vestibular loss (9 publications) showed
      unvarying results, obtained by the most various forms of treatment, which were
      within the range of the spontaneous remission rate established by us. The
      efficacy of the forms of treatment applied so far is doubted. The early treatment
      will remain as in the past, since therapeutic methods more successful in the
      future will be effective only in those cases in which diseased sensory cells were
      not degenerating. At the present stage of therapeutic possibilities the
      therapeutic advantage to be expected for all measures to be taken should be
      considered by rule and line as for therapeutic complications and detriments.
      Therapeutic nihilism must be rejected same as any adherence to a rigid conception
      of therapy, an individual critical approach seems to be necessary.

PMID- 3875776
TI  - [Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in sudden deafness].
AB  - Based on two independent studies, an attempt is made in this paper to demonstrate
      the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy used as a supportive measure to accompany
      standard treatment in recent acute loss of hearing and in acute loss of hearing
      where preoperative treatment has proved unsatisfactory. Whereas hyperbaric oxygen
      therapy is superior to the standard treatment alone as far as the cochlear
      perception dysacousis and tinnitus in recent acute loss of hearing are concerned,
      these results could not be reproduced in existing, preoperatively treated acute
      loss of hearing. As such, hyperbaric oxygen therapy under the strict supervision
      of a specialist physician has proved an effective supportive measure in the
      treatment of recent acute loss of hearing.

PMID- 3875778
TI  - "Rotational testing in patients with bilateral peripheral vestibular disease".

PMID- 3875777
TI  - [Pigment and ion transport in the vestibular organ].
AB  - Pigments are found in various parts of the inner ear, especially in the
      neighbourhood of epithelia, which are supposed to be involved in the secretion
      and/or absorbtion of the endolymphatic fluid. Microprobe analysis (laser
      absorption mass micro analyzer "LAMMA" and X-ray) combined with morphological
      observations were performed in shock frozen, freeze-dried and plastic embedded
      inner ear tissue from the vestibular organ of pigmented guinea pig. Disturbance
      of the endolymphatic ionic composition (increased Na+) due to treatment with
      metabolic inhibitors (ethacrynic acid, ouabain) stimulated the migration of
      pigment granules and displacement of the dentritic processes of the melanocytes
      in a close vicinity to the presumably transporting vestibular epithelia (the dark
      and light cells and capillaries). The melanosomes obtained full range of metal
      ions that changed characteristically after treatment with metabolic inhibitors.
      It could be supposed that melanin presents some kind of reservoir for essential
      trace elements or compounds and may regulate numerous enzymatic and membrane
      functions by binding and releasing the metal ions.

PMID- 3875779
TI  - Influence of selective, reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase on the
      prolonged depletion of striatal dopamine by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridine in mice.
AB  - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) hydrochloride injected s.c.
      at 20 mg/kg once daily for four days resulted in marked depletion of dopamine,
      3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in mouse
      striatum one week after the last dose. Pretreatment with MD 240928, (R)-[4-((3
      chlorophenyl)-methoxy)phenyl]-5-[(methylamino)methyl]-2- oxazolidinone
      methanesulfonate, prevented the depletion of striatal dopamine, DOPAC and HVA,
      whereas pretreatment with harmaline did not. MD 240928 selectively inhibited type
      B not type A monoamine oxidase (MAO), whereas harmaline selectively inhibited
      type A MAO in mouse striatum. Acutely after injection of harmaline, DOPAC and HVA
      concentrations were decreased in mouse striatum; these changes were not produced
      by MD 240928. The acute changes in dopamine metabolites reveal that MAO-A not MAO
      B is responsible for the oxidation of dopamine in mouse striatum. Protection
      against the neurotoxic effects of MPTP by MD 240928 but not by harmaline
      indicates that prevention of dopamine oxidation is not the mechanism of the
      protective effect; instead the protection probably is due to prevention of MPTP
      metabolism by MAO-B, this metabolism having been shown to occur by other workers.
      The results with these reversible, competitive inhibitors of the two types of MAO
      are in agreement with previously reported results from studies using irreversible
      inhibitors of MAO.

PMID- 3875780
TI  - Role of interleukin 2 on enhancement of concanavalin A-induced human peripheral
      blood lymphocyte proliferation by murine B cell mitogens.
AB  - Murine B cell mitogens such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), butanol
      extracted water soluble adjuvant (Bu-WSA), dextran sulfate (DS), synthetic
      muramyl dipeptide (MDP), and its analog MDP-Lys (L18) do not show any mitogenic
      ability in vitro on human peripheral blood lymphocytes or mixed cell populations
      of purified T and B cells obtained from the lymphocytes in an ordinary culture
      system. However, these mitogens are capable of enhancing the mitogenic effect of
      concanavalin A (Con A) in the cultures. In the presence of one of these mitogens,
      the activity of interleukin 2 (IL 2), but not interleukin 1, in the supernatants
      obtained from cultures containing Con A-stimulated T cell and B cell populations
      was higher than that of control cultures. The role of the newly produced IL 2 in
      the synergistic effect of the mitogens in human lymphocyte cell cultures was
      discussed.

PMID- 3875781
TI  - Marijuana use: reproductive, fetal, and neonatal effects.

PMID- 3875782
TI  - Major differences in the specificity and regulation of mouse renal cytochrome P
      450-dependent monooxygenases. A comparison of xenobiotic and endogenous
      substrates.
AB  - In the present study we have investigated the influence of sex on the specificity
      of mouse renal microsomes toward endogenous and xenobiotic substrates. Renal
      microsomes from C3H/HeJ mice were characterized by the following: a 4- to 5-fold
      male predominance in cytochrome P-450 concentration; a difference between male
      and female renal microsomes in the absorption maximum for the reduced P-450 . CO
      complex, 450 and 452 nm, respectively; a lack of a sex difference in lauric acid
      12-hydroxylase activity; an 18-fold sex difference (M greater than F) in
      progesterone 16 alpha-hydroxylase activity; and 8- to 10-fold sex differences (M
      greater than F) in progesterone 15 alpha-hydroxylase, dimethylnitrosamine
      demethylase, and lauric acid 11-hydroxylase activities. Treatment of female mice
      with testosterone propionate selectively induced lauric acid 11-hydroxylase and
      dimethylnitrosamine demethylase activities 8- and 14-fold, respectively, but had
      no effect on progesterone 15 alpha- and 16 alpha-hydroxylase activities or on the
      high female rate of lauric acid 12-hydroxylation. Inhibition studies conducted
      with male mouse renal microsomes revealed that of the substrates examined, only
      testosterone inhibited the 15 alpha- and 16 alpha-hydroxylations of progesterone
      in vitro. In addition, progesterone 15 alpha-hydroxylase was distinguished from
      16 alpha-hydroxylase by the greater degree of testosterone inhibition (68 and
      44%, respectively) and by sensitivity to metyrapone inhibition. Mouse renal
      cytochrome P-450 heterogeneity is indicated by the selective effects of androgen
      induction and metyrapone inhibition. Moreover, distinct modes of regulation are
      observed between the isozymes involved in steroid hydroxylation and those which
      catalyze the 11- and 12-hydroxylations of lauric acid in mouse renal microsomes.

PMID- 3875783
TI  - Demonstration in multiple species of inducible hepatic cytochromes P-450 and
      their mRNAs related to the glucocorticoid-inducible cytochrome P-450 of the rat.
AB  - We have recently demonstrated that P-450p, a form of rat liver cytochrome P-450
      inducible by steroids such as dexamethasone and pregnenolone-16 alpha
      carbonitrile, by the macrolide antibiotic triacetyloleandomycin, and by
      phenobarbital, is immunochemically related to and shares 73% NH2-terminal amino
      acid sequence homology with rabbit cytochrome LM3c. Extending this interspecies
      comparison we now report that liver microsomes prepared from the rabbit, hamster,
      gerbil, and mouse contain inducible cytochromes P-450 that resemble P-450p in:
      (a) converting triacetyloleandomycin to a metabolite that forms a distinct
      spectral complex with cytochrome P-450 heme, (b) catalyzing the demethylation of
      erythromycin, and (c) reacting on immunoblots with antibodies directed against P
      450p or LM3c. These three characteristics changed in parallel within treatment
      groups of a given species receiving different inducers of cytochrome P-450.
      However, there were striking qualitative and quantitative interspecies
      differences in the responses to inducers. For example, rifampicin was the most
      efficacious inducer of LM3c in the rabbit and yet was not at all an inducer of P
      450p in the rat whereas pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile, an inducer in the
      rat, failed to induce LM3c in the rabbit. Immunoblot analysis of these microsomes
      revealed in each species except the rabbit a single immunochemically related
      protein. A second immunoreactive protein was present in microsomes from male and
      female and rifampicin- and dexamethasone-treated female rabbits. Two cloned
      cDNAs, which hybridized to a species of liver mRNA directing the synthesis of P
      450p in a cell-free translation system, were used to probe Northern blots of
      liver RNAs. These revealed a single band of hybridizable mRNA in each species
      (except RNA from the rabbit which gave no signal even under conditions of reduced
      stringency) that was induced in qualitative proportions to that of the
      accumulated immunoreactive protein. We conclude that P-450p appears to be
      conserved in evolution and is represented in each of the species tested by one or
      more immunochemically related proteins which exhibit similar catalytic activities
      to those of P-450p.

PMID- 3875784
TI  - Mitogen-induced phosphorylation of cytosolic proteins in rabbit T- and B
      lymphocytes.
AB  - The addition of anti-immunoglobulin (anti-Ig) to purified rabbit B-cells or
      concanavalin A (Con A) to purified rabbit T-cells within minutes resulted in the
      phosphorylation of a number of cytosolic proteins. Two-dimensional (2-D)
      electrophoresis and autoradiography of 32P-labeled cell sonicates was used to
      identify proteins whose phosphorylation was enhanced by these mitogens. Two
      proteins, pp58 and pp90, were phosphorylated 1.5 min after addition of anti-Ig to
      B-cells. Four other proteins, pp60, pp65, pp67 and pp95, were phosphorylated at
      later times. Three of these proteins were also phosphorylated after addition of
      Con A to purified T-cells. These phosphoproteins do not correspond to any
      previously described cytoplasmic proteins. Although all of these phosphoproteins
      were present in the cytosolic fraction, pp58 may be associated with the
      cytoskeleton. Protein pp58 is also distinguished from the rest by its absence
      from 2-D gels run under non-reducing conditions. Treatment of the B-cells with
      F(ab')2 fragments of anti-Ig stimulated phosphorylation but Fab' fragments did
      not--indicating that receptor cross-linking is required to induce
      phosphorylation. Both pp58 and pp90 contained phosphoserine, but neither
      phosphothreonine nor phosphotyrosine. Quantitatively the 32P-labeling of pp58 was
      2.7-fold over background at 10 min after anti-Ig addition. The identification of
      these phosphoproteins, which may play a role in activational cascades or in
      cytoskeletal rearrangements, hopefully will help to clarify the
      interrelationships between cyclic nucleotide dependent and independent kinases in
      lymphocyte activation.

PMID- 3875785
TI  - Immune response induced by a single or several syngeneic monoclonal antiABPC48
      antiidiotypic antibodies: no predominant coexpression of ABPC48 idiotopes.
AB  - BALB/c mice were immunized with monoclonal BALB/c antibodies IDA10, IDA16 and
      IDA17 raised against the BALB/c ABPC48 myeloma protein. Several procedures of
      immunization--copolymers with lipopolysaccharide or keyhole limpet hemocyanin,
      simultaneous or sequential injections of different IDAs--were performed in an
      attempt to orient the immune response towards the production of ABPC48-like
      idiotypes. We used a binding assay which identifies two idiotopes on the same
      molecule to measure the population of antibodies induced in these responses. The
      expression of ABPC48 cross-reactive idiotypes in immune sera was analyzed. The
      results show that, with all immunization protocols, immune responses to different
      monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies are mostly independent of each other: the
      coexpression of ABPC48 idiotopes, either private or recurrent on the induced
      antibodies, is rarely found; it makes it difficult to discriminate by a
      serological approach between cross-reactive idiotypes and anti-antiidiotypic
      antibodies. We discuss the interest of combining molecular and serological
      approaches to identify these two populations of antibodies.

PMID- 3875786
TI  - Variable regions of antibodies to synthetic polypeptides--I. Characterization of
      an idiotope expressed on antibodies and T-cell factors.
AB  - Spleen cells from a Lewis rat immunized with affinity-purified B10 anti-(T,G)-A-L
      antibody were fused with the non-secreting murine hybridoma SP2/0. Cell lines
      secreting monoclonal antibodies specific for mu- and kappa-chains, as well as an
      idiotope on anti-(T,G)-A-L antibodies, were isolated and characterized. The anti
      mu and -kappa antibodies, are true anti-isotypes, reacting with sera from all
      strains of mice tested. The anti-idiotope antibodies recognize a determinant on
      antibodies binding a GT-containing epitope. The proportion of anti-GAT antibody
      bearing the idiotope varies markedly in different murine strains. A 1000-fold
      higher level of antibody from Igha mice than from Ighb and Ighe mice is required
      to give an equivalent inhibition of the idiotope-anti-idiotope reaction. Analysis
      of monoclonal antibodies expressing the idiotope indicates that the affinity of
      binding between idiotope and anti-idiotope can vary by as much as two orders of
      magnitude. Immunoadsorbants prepared with anti-idiotope antibody bind suppressor
      factor secreted by a GAT-specific T-cell hybridoma.

PMID- 3875787
TI  - Crystallographic characterization of the Fab fragment of a monoclonal anti-ss-DNA
      antibody.

PMID- 3875788
TI  - Analysis of the inhibition of C1q binding to aggregated immunoglobulin.

PMID- 3875789
TI  - Effect of reduced temperature on glycoprotein (Ig, HLA) processing and transport
      in lymphoid cells.
AB  - Secretion of Igs and surface expression of HLA antigens was examined in lymphoid
      cells as a function of temp. Upon reducing the temp from 37 to 20 degrees C a
      progressive decrease in the secretion of Ig and surface expression of HLA
      antigens was noted. When the status of the oligosaccharides present on these
      glycoproteins was examined, conversion of high-mannose [endo-beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase-(Endo H) sensitive] to complex-type (Endo H resistant)
      oligosaccharides diminished with decreasing temp. At no time was an accumulation
      of Endo H resistant glycoproteins seen intracellularly. These results show that
      the phenomenon observed for synthesis and intracellular transport of viral
      glycoproteins in epithelial cells at reduced temp, namely intracellular
      accumulation of viral glycoproteins carrying complex sugar moieties, does not
      necessarily apply to glycoprotein transport in lymphoid cells. A difference in
      subcellular organization of epithelial and lymphoid cells may be responsible for
      this discrepancy.

PMID- 3875790
TI  - Selection of pre-T cells in the thymus by unique combinations of major and minor
      histocompatibility antigens.

PMID- 3875791
TI  - Expression of asialo GM1 and other antigens and glycolipids on natural killer
      cells and spleen leukocytes in virus-infected mice.
AB  - The sensitivities of mouse natural killer (NK) cells to various antisera and
      complement were analyzed at different time points after acute lymphocytic
      choriomeningitis virus infection. Under these conditions NK cell activity peaks 3
      days and virus-specific cytotoxic T cell activity 7 days after infection. The
      sensitivity of the cytotoxic activities to antibodies to asialo GM1 (AGM1), NK
      1.2 alloantigen, and Ly 5 was in the order endogenous NK greater than day 3 NK
      greater than day 7 NK. Day 7 cytotoxic T cells were more resistant than day 7 NK
      to anti-AGM1 and to anti-NK 1.2, but more sensitive to anti-Ly 5. This decreased
      sensitivity of activated NK cells to antibodies and C' was examined in more
      detail for the AGM1 antigen. Antibody to AGM1 completely depleted NK cell
      activity in control, but not in day 3 lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infected
      mice. However, mice treated before infection with antibody did not generate NK
      cell activity 3 days after infection. The mechanisms of the decreased sensitivity
      of activated NK cells to antibody to AGM1 was examined. High levels of antibody
      depleted activity, indicating that the effectors were not devoid of AGM1.
      Biochemical analyses of spleen leukocytes revealed marked increases in sialic
      acid, gangliosides, and neutral glycosphingolipids, including AGM1 in the order
      day 7 greater than day 3 greater than endogenous. Antibody to AGM1 was absorbed
      out by leukocytes in the order day 7 greater than day 3 greater than endogenous.
      Flow cytometry (FACS) analyses revealed marked shifts in the frequency and
      intensity of staining of cells with antibody to AGM1 in the order day 7 greater
      than day 3 greater than endogenous. All endogenous NK cell activity and all the
      large granular lymphocytes were associated with the brightest 5% of the total
      spleen leukocyte population. Day 3 and day 7 NK cell activity was also located in
      cells sorted by using the gate settings for the top 5% endogenous cells. However,
      there were marked increases in the number of the very bright cells in the order
      day 3 greater than day 7 greater than endogenous. These cell numbers correlate
      with the level of NK cell activity in these fractions. Thus, the decreased
      sensitivity of activated NK cells to antibody to AGM1 is not due to decreased
      expression of AGM1 on NK cells, but to a competition for antibody by greatly
      increased levels of AGM1 in infected spleen leukocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3875792
TI  - Characterization of human large granular lymphocyte subpopulations: comparison of
      the phenotype of NK cells and of interleukin 2-dependent progenitors of cytolytic
      effector cells.
AB  - Antigenically different subpopulations of human large granular lymphocytes (LGL)
      were identified according to their reactivity with monoclonal antibodies (MoAb).
      Antigen-positive and -negative subsets were isolated by immunoaffinity columns
      using a Sepharose 4B gel coupled with F(a')2 goat anti-mouse IgG or by flow
      cytometry cell sorting. The distinct LGL subsets were tested for natural killer
      (NK) activity against a panel of tumor targets: K562, Daudi, Alab; and for
      antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against antibody-coated RL male 1
      cells. LGL positively selected for any of the following phenotypic markers:
      B73.1+, OKM1+, OKT11+, and OKT10+ were highly cytotoxic, while B73.1- and OKM1-
      cells were completely devoid of NK activity. The OKT10- and OKT11- LGL subsets
      were occasionally cytotoxic, with low levels of reactivity. LGL subpopulations
      were also tested in a limiting dilution assay (LDA) for their capacity to
      proliferate in medium supplemented with interleukin 2 (IL-2) and to develop NK
      like cytotoxic activity. The majority of proliferative progenitors have the
      following phenotype: OKT11+, OKM1-, B73.1-, and OKT10-, while the majority of
      progenitors for cytotoxic cells were OKT11+, OKM1+/-, OKT10+, and B73.1-. Results
      indicate that although B73.1+ cells can grow, the mature B73.1+ NK cells seem to
      be primarily derived in vitro from a small subset of less differentiated B73.1
      pre-NK progenitors in the peripheral blood lymphocytes.

PMID- 3875794
TI  - Translocations in T-cell leukemia in lymphoma.

PMID- 3875793
TI  - UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in fibroblasts of aging inbred rats.
AB  - Because of the suggested relationship between the lifespan of an organism and the
      amount of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) occurring in its cells after treatment
      with genotoxic agents, we initiated a lifespan study of this step of the
      nucleotide excision repair pathway in female Wistar (WAG/Rij) rats. Skin
      fibroblasts were isolated at 2 time points, separated by a 9-month interval, from
      rats of various ages. The isolated cells were cultured for 1 passage, irradiated
      with ultraviolet light (UV) and analyzed by autoradiography for their capacity to
      perform UDS. The results of the two cross-sectional series of determinations were
      identical: small variations among individual animals and a slight, but
      statistically significant age-related decrease in the initial rate but not in the
      end level of UV-induced UDS. The small variation among individual inbred rats as
      compared with the large variation reported for UDS in human populations suggests
      that the latter is largely due to genetic differences. The lack of a more
      pronounced age-related decrease along with the small individual variation
      suggests that the activity of the DNA nucleotide excision repair pathway is not
      an important single determinant of individual longevity in inbred rats of the
      same strain and sex.

PMID- 3875795
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 41-1985. An 84-year-old woman with bloody diarrhea.

PMID- 3875796
TI  - Antigen-dependent increase in cytosolic free calcium in specific human T
      lymphocyte clones.
AB  - Calcium has been implicated as an intracellular messenger in the cellular
      response to various external stimuli. Exposure of lymphocytes to various mitogens
      and lectins results in rapid transmembrane calcium fluxes and increased
      cytoplasmic calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i). It is not clear, however, whether
      the mechanisms by which these non-physiological stimuli activate cells are
      related to those involved in antigen-specific activation. We have now used
      antigen-specific T-cell clones to study changes in [Ca2+]i associated with
      specific activation and show here that these cells respond specifically in the
      presence of antigen and antigen-presenting cells (APC) with increased [Ca2+]i and
      that this increased [Ca2+]i shows the same genetic restrictions as are seen in
      the proliferation assay. The kinetics of the [Ca2+]i response to antigen indicate
      that antigen undergoes a time-dependent processing step as a prerequisite for
      recognition by T cells, as has been shown for T-cell proliferative responses, but
      that the [Ca2+]i response to processed antigen is extremely rapid. The close
      correlation between changes in [Ca2+]i and cell activation resulting in
      proliferation suggests that Ca2+ may act as an intracellular messenger in antigen
      specific responses.

PMID- 3875797
TI  - Human gamma-chain genes are rearranged in leukaemic T cells and map to the short
      arm of chromosome 7.
AB  - Three gene families that rearrange during the somatic development of T cells have
      been identified in the murine genome. Two of these gene families (alpha and beta)
      encode subunits of the antigen-specific T-cell receptor and are also present in
      the human genome. The third gene family, designated here as the gamma-chain gene
      family, is rearranged in murine cytolytic T cells but not in most helper T cells.
      Here we present evidence that the human genome also contains gamma-chain genes
      that undergo somatic rearrangement in leukaemia-derived T cells. Murine gamma
      chain genes appear to be encoded in gene segments that are analogous to the
      immunoglobulin gene variable, constant and joining segments. There are two
      closely related constant-region gene segments in the human genome. One of the
      constant-region genes is deleted in all three T-cell leukaemias that we have
      studied. The two constant-region gamma-chain genes reside on the short arm of
      chromosome 7 (7p15); this region is involved in chromosomal rearrangements
      identified in T cells from individuals with the immunodeficiency syndrome ataxia
      telangiectasia and observed only rarely in routine cytogenetic analyses of normal
      individuals. This region is also a secondary site of beta-chain gene
      hybridization.

PMID- 3875798
TI  - Stimulation of multipotential, erythroid and other murine haematopoietic
      progenitor cells by adherent cell lines in the absence of detectable multi-CSF
      (IL-3).
AB  - It is well established that murine multipotential and committed erythroid
      progenitor cells require the presence of a glycoprotein, termed multi-CSF (multi
      colony-stimulating factor, IL-3) for clonal proliferation and differentiation in
      vitro. The initial proliferation of these cells can also be stimulated by two
      other glycoproteins, granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) and granulocyte CSF (G
      CSF), although continued proliferation and differentiation requires the
      subsequent presence of multi-CSF. Here we report the stimulation of
      multipotential, erythroid and other haematopoietic progenitor cells by a number
      of adherent cell lines including a cloned bone marrow cell line (B.Ad). The
      positive cell lines, as feeder layers, exhibit colony-stimulating, erythropoietin
      like and burst-promoting (BPA) activities. Optimal erythropoietic stimulation by
      the B.Ad line requires close cell-cell contact. The cell lines also support the
      in vitro clonal growth of multipotential colony-forming cells and progenitors of
      six other haematopoietic lineages. The biological activities observed seem not to
      be mediated by known multipotential or erythroid colony-stimulating factors
      (multi-CSF, IL-3, MCGF, HCGF, PSF, BPA).

PMID- 3875799
TI  - T cells with receptors for IgD.
AB  - The role of IgD in the immune response has been elusive, although its
      predominance on the cell surface suggests a receptor function. We have shown
      previously that euthymic but not athymic BALB/c mice, injected with IgD before
      antigen, exhibit enhanced antibody responses which can be transferred by T cells.
      Isotype-specific T cells have been reported to have both upward and downward
      immunoregulatory effects. Here we demonstrate the existence of T cells with
      receptors for IgD, and show that exposure to IgD in vivo or in vitro
      significantly increases the number of T delta cells in the spleen and lymph nodes
      but not in the thymus. The kinetics of T delta-cell appearance in vivo parallels
      that of the immunoenhancing effect which occurs after injection of IgD. These T
      delta cells are of the Lyt 1+2- T-cell phenotype.

PMID- 3875801
TI  - [Results of percutaneous selective thermocoagulation of Gasser's ganglion in
      essential facial neuralgia. Synthesis of results obtained in 939 treated
      patients].
AB  - The authors report the late results of thermocoagulation of the gasserian
      ganglion in 939 patients operated by 3 different neurosurgical teams, (Bologna,
      Bordeaux, Marseille). It has been assessed that the results are comparable among
      the 3 teams and that percutaneous selective thermocoagulation represents a simple
      and low-risk technique with a high rate of efficacity.

PMID- 3875800
TI  - Sequence polymorphism of HLA DR beta 1 alleles relating to T-cell-recognized
      determinants.
AB  - HLA class II molecules are a highly polymorphic family of dimeric cell-surface
      proteins primarily involved in regulating T-cell responses to extrinsic antigens.
      To define regions of class II molecules involved in T-cell recognition, we have
      now compared sequences of three HLA DR beta cDNA clones obtained from cells that
      all express the same serologically defined determinants but differ in terms of T
      cell-recognized specificities. The comparisons indicate that very few (one to
      four) nucleotides differ between what are almost certainly alleles of the DR beta
      1 locus. All differences were in the first domain of the molecule and all
      localized to a region from amino acids 71-86. Because all differences were found
      only in this region of the molecule, and because DR alpha-chains seem to be
      relatively non-polymorphic, these positions in the DR beta-chain must have a
      major role in influencing T-cell recognition of the DR molecule.

PMID- 3875802
TI  - Evaluation of spinal cord stimulation for postapoplectic spastic hemiplegia.
AB  - We used spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in patients with postapoplectic spastic
      hemiplegia in an attempt to reduce the spasticity. Three patients with spastic
      hemiplegia due to apoplexia were selected for the treatment. Reduction of
      spasticity was observed 3 to 9 days after the stimulation. Electrophysiological
      evaluation of the spasticity from the H reflex revealed a remarkable improvement
      in all three patients. The mechanism of reduction of spasticity has not yet been
      clarified, although a direct or indirect effect on the reticulospinal tract is
      thought to play a role.

PMID- 3875803
TI  - Moyamoya-like diseases associated with ventricular hemorrhages: report of three
      cases.
AB  - Three rare cases of moyamoya-like diseases with moyamoya type vessels caused by
      spontaneous internal carotid artery occlusion, spontaneous middle cerebral artery
      occlusion, and internal carotid artery occlusion due to cervical irradiation are
      presented. They resulted in ventricular hemorrhages. One patient died and two
      survived. Postoperatively, the collateral circulation of the survivors was
      evaluated by single photon emission tomography using N-isopropyl-[123I]-p
      iodoamphetamine. The effectiveness of reconstructive surgery is shown, and
      moyamoya-like diseases that have been reported are reviewed.

PMID- 3875804
TI  - Similar distribution of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and parkinsonian toxin (MPTP)
      binding sites in human brain.
AB  - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes parkinsonism in humans
      and other species. We found [3H] MPTP binding sites that were saturable,
      specific, and of high affinity. In autoradiographic studies, the highest binding
      densities of [3H] MPTP occurred in the hypothalamus, interpeduncular nucleus, and
      ependymal lining of the ventricles. High to moderate binding was seen in the
      dentate gyrus, caudate, putamen, substantia nigra, and cingulate cortex. The
      distribution of [3H] MPTP binding correlated with the distribution of [3H]
      pargyline binding to MAO. Human substantia nigra contains more MPTP binding sites
      than rat substantia nigra, and this may explain the sensitivity of humans to the
      neurotoxic effects of MPTP.

PMID- 3875805
TI  - Use of monoclonal antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies to investigate the
      macrophage inflammation of acute experimental myasthenia gravis: refractoriness
      to a second episode of acute disease.
AB  - The acute phase of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) is
      characterized by macrophage inflammation of muscle endplates and by muscle fiber
      necrosis. We induced acute EAMG by passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies
      (mAbs) directed against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) to investigate this
      brief and self-limited disorder. After the initial acute phase, animals were
      refractory to induction of a second episode by subsequent injection of the same
      mAb, or another anti-AChR mAb of different idiotype and which binds to a separate
      epitope. Therefore, the refractory state was not caused by an anti-idiotypic
      response or epitopic modulation. Adoptive transfer of spleen cells from
      refractory animals had no effect, excluding a role of suppressor lymphocytes, and
      there was no evidence from experiments involving adoptive transfer of spleen
      cells from naive animals to refractory animals that refractory animals lacked
      effector cells.

PMID- 3875806
TI  - Prevention of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by anterior hypothalamic
      lesion in rats.
AB  - Bilateral electrical lesions were performed in the anterior hypothalamus (AH) and
      hippocampus (HC) of female Lewis rats. AH but not HC lesions were found to
      inhibit the appearance of clinical signs typical of experimental allergic
      encephalomyelitis (EAE). The incidence of EAE was 17.2% and the duration was 1.33
      +/- 0.07 days after AH lesions compared with an incidence of 85% and duration of
      4.81 +/- 0.6 days in the controls. Destruction of the AH was followed by
      decreased levels of antibodies to myelin basic protein and increased reactivity
      of splenic lymphocytes to concanavalin A, but did not affect the extent of
      mononuclear cell infiltration within the brain and spinal cord.

PMID- 3875807
TI  - Intellectual changes in patients with MPTP-induced parkinsonism.
AB  - We studied six patients with MPTP-induced parkinsonism to assess intellectual
      function, attention, reaction time, and depression. Eight controls with a similar
      history of drug abuse also participated. General intellectual function,
      construction, category naming, and frontal lobe function were worse in the
      patients; other aspects of performance were comparable. All affected women but
      none of the men were depressed, usually before onset of parkinsonism. The pattern
      of intellectual deficit in the MPTP patients was similar to that of idiopathic
      Parkinson's disease. Since MPTP-induced parkinsonism probably represents a purely
      dopaminergic deficiency, these findings suggest that changes in the dopamine
      system are responsible for at least some of the intellectual changes of
      idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 3875808
TI  - Herpes zoster ophthalmicus with ipsilateral cerebellar infarction.

PMID- 3875809
TI  - [Angiodysplasia of the colon].

PMID- 3875810
TI  - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhage after open-heart surgery].

PMID- 3875811
TI  - [Changes in the in vitro antibody formation in B lymphoproliferative diseases].
AB  - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from three patients with multiple myelomas
      (M.M.), four patients with Essential Mixed Cryoglobulinaemia (E.M.C.) and four
      normal adults as controls were cultivated with or without poke weed mitogen
      (PWM); in vitro immunoglobulin (Ig) production was measured after seven days
      using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (ELISA). No significant
      differences in Ig production were noted between patients and controls: E.M.C.
      patients, on the other hand, displayed considerable spontaneous IgM production
      (without appreciable differences, however, between spontaneous and PWM-stimulated
      production). M.M. patients, on the other hand, displayed only scanty spontaneous
      IgM production and in two cases the PWM response was completely lacking. These
      results were then integrated and correlated with a parallel study of similar
      groups of patients and controls carried out with the aim of investigating
      modifications in the distribution of B and T lymphocyte subpopulations. Possible
      interpretations of the results are discussed.

PMID- 3875812
TI  - 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) is toxic to mesencephalic dopamine neurons in
      culture.
AB  - 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) is the product of oxidative metabolism by
      monoamine oxidase of the Parkinson-inducing agent 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). MPP+ was tested for neurotoxicity on the dopaminergic
      neurons of embryonic rat midbrain in culture. Compared with MPTP, MPP+ was a more
      potent neurotoxin for the cultured dopamine (DA) neurons as determined by
      decrease in [3H]DA uptake by the cultures and decrease in endogenous levels of DA
      and homovanillic acid. Catecholamine histofluorescence demonstrated the loss of
      fluorescing fibers after exposure to MPP+. The reduced analogue of MPTP, namely 1
      methyl-4-phenylpiperidine, had no significant neurotoxic action on the
      dopaminergic neurons in culture.

PMID- 3875814
TI  - Unilateral lesion of the intrinsic cells in the medial forebrain bundle depresses
      self-stimulation but not stimulus-bound locomotor activity.
AB  - The intrinsic neurons of the medial forebrain bundle were unilaterally destroyed,
      in rats, through local injection of ibotenic acid (4 micrograms in 0.5
      microliter). Ten days later, electrodes were bilaterally implanted, one in the
      lesioned lateral hypothalamus, the other into the contralateral hypothalamus.
      Firstly, self-stimulation was studied with stimulation of each electrode
      separately. Later on, the effect of non-contingent electrical stimulation on
      evoked locomotor activity in the open-field was analysed for each electrode.
      While self-stimulation of the lesion area was greatly depressed in comparison
      with the unlesioned lateral hypothalamus, the increase in locomotor activity
      produced by stimulation, at the intensity applied, was the same whether the
      stimulated hypothalamus was lesioned or not.

PMID- 3875813
TI  - Products of activated lymphocytes stimulate Schwann cell mitosis in vitro.
AB  - Culture of Schwann cells and endoneurial fibroblasts from newborn rat sciatic
      nerves in the presence of supernatants obtained from concanavalin A (Con-A)
      stimulated rat mononuclear cells resulted in proliferation of both cell types.
      Con-A did not induce Schwann cell or fibroblast proliferation. Supernatant from a
      Gibbon T-cell lymphoma and chromatographically purified rat interleukin-2 (IL-2)
      induced fibroblast but not Schwann cell proliferation, and cloned human IL-2 did
      not induce proliferation of either cell type. Proliferation of Schwann cells and
      endoneurial fibroblasts induced by activated mononuclear inflammatory cells may
      be important in inflammatory demyelinative neuropathies.

PMID- 3875815
TI  - Conversion of the neurotoxic precursor 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6
      tetrahydropyridine into its pyridinium metabolite by human platelet monoamine
      oxidase type B.
AB  - MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine) causes selective and
      irreversible degeneration of the substantia nigra of human and non-human
      primates. In the central nervous system, the oxidative metabolism of MPTP to 1
      methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+) by monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) seems to be
      a critical feature in the neurotoxic process. We now report that [3H]MPTP is
      rapidly converted in vitro into [3H]MPP+ by human platelet MAO-B. The formation
      of [3H]MPP+ in human platelets is prevented by specific MAO-B but not by MAO-A or
      by 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors.

PMID- 3875816
TI  - T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report of 60 patients from India.
AB  - 60 patients studied at the Tata Memorial Hospital from January 1976 to December
      1982 were diagnosed as having T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by
      nonimmune rosette formation with sheep red blood cells. The analysis revealed a
      high incidence of mediastinal mass (50%) and extramedullary infiltration at
      presentation. The majority of patients (62%) presented with a high WBC count
      (greater than 50,000/mm3). Unipolar acid phosphatase activity was observed in 90%
      of patients. The remission rate with a combination treatment of adriamycin,
      vincristine and prednisolone was found to be 95%. Long-term survival was around
      30%. More aggressive or innovative treatments will be needed to improve the
      results in T-cell ALL.

PMID- 3875817
TI  - Elevated plasma von Willebrand factor levels and arterial occlusive complications
      associated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
AB  - Factor-VIII-related von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers are synthesized by
      endothelial cells, and plasma vWF antigen levels are elevated in some disorders
      associated with endothelial cell perturbation. We studied 13 patients during
      cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head
      and neck, esophagus, or lung. Before therapy, 3 of the patients had vWF antigen
      levels that were greater than or equal to 400% of normal; and further elevations
      occurred during chemotherapy. Two of these patients had cerebrovascular
      accidents, and the third had complications similar to the hemolytic-uremic and
      acute respiratory distress syndromes. No abnormalities in plasma vWF patterns
      were detected. Elevated plasma vWF antigen levels before therapy may identify a
      subgroup of patients at special risk for arterial occlusive complications
      following cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

PMID- 3875818
TI  - Treatment of endophthalmitis with and without pars plana vitrectomy.
AB  - Two series of patients with endophthalmitis were compared. In the group treated
      with antibiotics or fungistatics, only 1 eye (4.3%) could be salvaged, whereas in
      the group with pars plana vitrectomy and antibiotics or fungistatics, 7 eyes
      (33%) had adequate visual acuity afterwards.

PMID- 3875819
TI  - Histopathology of the subretinal fibrosis and uveitis syndrome.
AB  - A chorioretinal biopsy was obtained from a patient with subretinal fibrosis and
      chronic uveitis. The biopsy specimen was analyzed by conventional light and
      electron microscopy and by immunohistochemical methods. These demonstrated a
      markedly inflamed choroid with a predominance of B cells and plasma cells.
      Complement and IgG were deposited above Bruch's membrane. The subretinal fibrosis
      tissue contained islands of cells with retinal pigment epithelial
      characteristics; however, some of these cells demonstrated surface determinants
      of Muller cells. There were no circulating antiretinal antibodies detected nor
      could virus be cultured from the biopsy specimen. The clinical appearance of this
      entity is distinctive and consists of a chronic posterior uveitis with transient
      initial yellow-white deep retinal lesions and the later development of large
      white subretinal fibrotic areas. The EOG is markedly decreased. We hypothesize
      that the immunologic events involved in this entity include antibody production
      with immunoglobulin and complement deposition leading to retinal and retinal
      pigment epithelial destruction and a subretinal fibrous proliferation.

PMID- 3875820
TI  - [The effect of an aortocoronary bypass graft on left ventricular function].

PMID- 3875821
TI  - [Treatment of infections in granulocytopenia patients with a brulamycin-bactrim
      combination].

PMID- 3875822
TI  - [Haemophilus influenzae infections. 6.1. Meningitis: a report on 50 cases in
      childhood].

PMID- 3875823
TI  - [Haemophilus influenzae infections. 6.2. Meningitis: a discussion of findings in
      50 cases in childhood].

PMID- 3875824
TI  - [Haemophilus influenzae infections. 7. Orbital phlegmon (periorbital and orbital
      cellulitis)].

PMID- 3875825
TI  - [Haemophilus influenzae infections. 8. Osteomyelitis/arthritis].

PMID- 3875826
TI  - Thermal sensitivity in healthy subjects is decreased by a central mechanism after
      TNS.
AB  - Using the thermal sense as a model for nociception, the effects of conventional
      and acupuncture-like transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS) were tested on
      thresholds for warm and cold sensation in 8 healthy subjects. Photic stimulation
      did not change the thermically neutral zone (the warm-cold difference limen) from
      that seen under baseline conditions. However, the thermal difference limen
      usually increased with both types of TNS. The effect was ipsi- as well as
      contralateral, implying that a central inhibitory mechanism is activated by
      conventional and acupuncture-like TNS.

PMID- 3875827
TI  - The effect of subcutaneous nerve stimulation (SCNS) on pain associated with
      osteoarthritis of the hip.
AB  - A novel form of subcutaneous nerve stimulation (SCNS) was recently introduced for
      the relief of chronic pain. We present a study using this form of SCNS applied
      over the radial, median and saphenous nerves in patients with clinically
      diagnosed osteoarthritis of the hip. Acceptable pain relief was obtained in 60%
      of patients receiving stimulation, however, comparable analgesia was achieved in
      a control group, who received no electrical stimulation through similarly placed
      needles. We suggest that these results may be explained by the ability of SCNS to
      evoke a placebo response. The efficacy of the placebo effect and the ethical
      implications of its use in clinical practice are discussed.

PMID- 3875828
TI  - Lymphocytotoxic antibodies in children suffering from juvenile rheumatoid
      arthritis and rheumatoid fever.

PMID- 3875829
TI  - Immunopathology of Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni infection in B cell
      depleted mice.
AB  - To investigate the role of antibody in the pathogenesis of hepatic granulomas
      around schistosome eggs, mice were depleted of B cells by treatment from birth
      with anti-IgM serum and were subsequently infected with Schistosoma japonicum or
      S. mansoni. Anti-IgM treatment did not affect the development or fecundity of the
      worms or the larvae within the egg shells. Normal circumoval granulomas were
      present in the livers of B cell depleted mice 7 or 8 weeks after infection
      clearly indicating that antibody and immune complexes have no necessary role in
      the formation of granulomas. Hepatic fibrosis was also similar in B cell depleted
      and untreated mice at these times. Ten weeks after infection the size of S.
      japonicum egg granulomas in untreated mice had decreased but no change in the
      size of granulomas had occurred in B cell depleted mice, and hepatic fibrosis was
      more marked in treated than in untreated mice. Similar changes were noted in S.
      mansoni infected mice, assayed at 8 and at 12-13.5 weeks after infection. The
      effects of B cell depletion in the more chronic infections may be related to the
      absence of antibody but could also be caused by an influence on B cell-dependent
      suppressor T cells.

PMID- 3875830
TI  - Plasma protease inhibitors in alpha 1-antitrypsin-deficient children.
AB  - Seven plasma protease inhibitors were analyzed in 8-yr-old children-75 PiZ
      (severely deficient), one PiZ-(with a null gene), 32 PiSZ (moderately deficient),
      and 35 normals. In PiZ and PiSZ alpha 1-antitrypsin-deficient children,
      significantly higher concentrations of alph 2-macroglobulin (p less than 0.001)
      and antithrombin III (p less than 0.001) were found and significantly lower
      concentrations of alpha 2-antiplasmin (p less than 0.001), C1-inactivator (p less
      than 0.01) and plasminogen (PiZ p less than 0.02, PiSZ p less than 0.01). The
      inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor concentrations differed in PiSZ children only (p
      less than 0.01). At this age the high alpha 2-macroglobulin levels may be of
      importance to protect the lung tissue against free proteolytic activity, while
      importance of the other differences are unknown or reflect changes of purely
      theoretical interest.

PMID- 3875831
TI  - Epidermal growth factor in mouse milk during early lactation: lack of dependency
      on submandibular glands.
AB  - Using a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay, we found epidermal growth factor
      (EGF) in mouse milk during early lactation in normal and sialoadenectomized mice.
      Levels of EGF peaked around the 6th day postpartum and decreased thereafter up to
      day 12. Sephadex G-50 column chromatography of milk from normal and
      sialoadenectomized mice showed a single immunoreactive component comigrating with
      purified 6045 dalton EGF from the mouse submandibular gland. The concentrations
      of EGF were similar in milk collected from the breast and the stomach of the
      offspring immediately after feeding. The molecular profiles, concentrations, and
      ontogeny of EGF in milk of control and sialoadenectomized mice were also similar,
      suggesting that the submandibular gland is not the major source of EGF in mouse
      breast milk.

PMID- 3875832
TI  - Antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal symptoms in general pediatric outpatients.
AB  - As part of an intensive program of surveillance for adverse drug reactions in
      general pediatric outpatients, 2,714 courses of oral antibiotic therapy were
      monitored for the occurrence of gastrointestinal (GI) adverse drug reactions.
      Using a recently developed algorithm to establish a causal link between drugs and
      adverse symptoms, the risks of diarrheal or upper GI tract adverse drug reactions
      were found to vary considerably with different antimicrobial agents and, for
      several agents, according to the administered dosage. For diarrhea, the risk was
      lowest with sulfasoxazole and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and was highest with
      cloxacillin. A significant dose-response effect was found with both amoxicillin
      and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. For upper GI tract adverse drug reactions, the
      risk was again lowest with sulfasoxazole and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and
      was highest with erythromycin. Knowledge of the risks of gastrointestinal adverse
      drug reactions with different agents and different doses should be clinically
      helpful in assessing risks and benefits when oral antibiotics are prescribed for
      children.

PMID- 3875834
TI  - [Evaluation of SPECT imaging capability in various lung diseases].

PMID- 3875833
TI  - Intracellular pH in diluting segment of frog kidney.
AB  - Chronic exposure to high potassium (K+ adaptation) stimulates H+ net secretion in
      the diluting segment of the frog kidney. In order to investigate the cellular
      mechanism of the H+ secretory process intracellular pH (pHi) measurements were
      performed in cells of the diluting segment of the isolated doubly-perfused kidney
      of K+ adapted Rana esculenta. pHi changes were monitored by pH-sensitive
      microelectrodes while the tubule lumen was rapidly perfused with various
      solutions. With control solutions (extracellular pH = 7.80) pHi averaged 7.60 +/-
      0.05. Luminal application of furosemide (5 X 10(-5) mol/l) or reduction of
      luminal Cl- (from 104 mmol/l to 9 mmol/l) hyperpolarized the cell membrane
      potentials but pHi was not altered. Reduction of luminal Na+ (from 98 mmol/l to 3
      mmol/l) depolarized the cell membrane potentials but pHi remained constant.
      Complete removal of luminal Na+, however, led to a significant decrease of pHi
      from 7.61 +/- 0.08 to 7.18 +/- 0.08. Luminal application of amiloride (1 X 10(-3)
      mol/l) also decreased pHi significantly (delta pHi = 0.15 +/- 0.02). The results
      indicate that an amiloride-sensitive H+ extrusion mechanism exists in the luminal
      cell membrane of the K+ adapted frog diluting segment. The data are consistent
      with Na+/H+ exchange which maintains a constant pHi even at extreme experimental
      conditions.

PMID- 3875835
TI  - [Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of rheumatic diseases].

PMID- 3875836
TI  - [Production of GM-CSF by human T lymphocytes purified and stimulated by Con A].
AB  - Production of granulomacrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by human T
      lymphocytes has not yet been demonstrated due to insufficient monocyte depletion
      in cell suspensions. We studied GM-CSF production from normal blood T lymphocyte
      suspensions containing less than 0.1% of monocytes; moreover, human bone marrow
      samples were also depleted of adherent cells. A colony stimulating activity (CSA)
      was always found in the 11 healthy subjects studied following Con A stimulation.
      The colonies were principally of the granulocytic type. These results strongly
      suggest that normal human T cells have the capacity to produce CSA.

PMID- 3875837
TI  - Antipyretic activity of a potent alpha-MSH analog.
AB  - [Nle4,D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH has exceptional potency in certain biological assays of
      alpha-MSH activity such as skin darkening in frogs. However, this analog was
      equipotent to alpha-MSH in induction of grooming in the rat and had opposite
      effects on the performance of a visual discrimination task. These results led to
      the suggestion that distinct differences may exist between the melanocyte and CNS
      receptors for alpha-MSH. We determined the antipyretic and hypothermic potencies
      of centrally and peripherally administered [Nle4,D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH, relative to
      those of alpha-MSH, in the rabbit. Central injections of 40 and 80 ng of [Nle4,D
      Phe7]-alpha-MSH caused hypothermia in afebrile rabbits, whereas 20 and 10 ng,
      which had no effect on afebrile body temperature, caused greater than 40%
      reduction in leukocytic pyrogen-induced fever. These results indicate that this
      analog is approximately 10 times more potent in reducing fever than alpha-MSH,
      making it the most potent antipyretic substance yet described. In contrast, IV
      administration of 16 micrograms of the analog, an extremely large dose relative
      to established antipyretic doses of alpha-MSH, elicited weak, variable responses.
      Since this analog is said to be resistant to degradation by serum enzymes, the
      contrast between the effects of central and peripheral administration may reflect
      a limited ability of the analog to cross the blood brain barrier when given IV.
      Our results do not suggest any distinct differences between the melanocyte
      receptors for alpha-MSH and those involved with CNS control of temperature. The
      marked central potency of [Nle4,D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH could result from an increased
      duration of action and/or a greater affinity for central receptor sites relative
      to alpha-MSH.

PMID- 3875838
TI  - Corticotropin releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in sensory ganglia and
      capsaicin sensitive neurons of the rat central nervous system: colocalization
      with other neuropeptides.
AB  - Immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay (RIA) revealed that corticotropin
      releasing factor (CRF)-like immunoreactivity was found to be colocalized with
      substance P (SP)-, somatostatin (SST)- and leu-enkephalin (LENK)-like
      immunoreactivity in the dorsal root- and trigeminal ganglia, the dorsal horn of
      the spinal cord (laminae I and II), the substantia gelatinosa, and at the lateral
      border of the spinal nucleus and in the tractus spinalis of the trigeminal nerve.
      These peptides were also located in fast blue labeled cells of the trigeminal
      ganglion following injection of the dye into the spinal trigeminal area. This
      indicates that there are possible sensory projections of these peptides into the
      spinal trigeminal area. Capsaicin treatment of neonatal rats resulted in a marked
      decrease in the density of CRF-, SP-, VIP- and CCK-containing neurons in the
      above mentioned hindbrain areas, whereas SST- and LENK-immunoreactivity were not
      changed. RIA revealed that, compared to controls, CRF, SP and VIP concentrations
      in these areas were decreased in rats pretreated with capsaicin, while SST levels
      were increased; CCK and LENK levels were unchanged. It is concluded that the
      primary afferent neurons of the nucleus and tractus spinalis of the trigeminal
      nerve are richly endowed with a number of peptides some of which are sensitive to
      capsaicin action. The close anatomical proximity of these peptide containing
      neurons suggests the possibility of a coexistance of one or more of these
      substances.

PMID- 3875839
TI  - Distribution of corticotropin releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in the rat
      brain by immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay: comparison and
      characterization of ovine and rat/human CRF antisera.
AB  - The distribution of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-like immunoreactivity in
      the rat brain has been demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay
      using 4 different antisera. Two antisera were directed against synthetic ovine
      CRF, two antisera were directed against synthetic rat/human CRF.
      Immunohistochemistry revealed that there are discrete regions where CRF
      immunoreactive cell bodies are seen with all 4 antisera (e.g., the
      paraventricular nucleus, the dorsolateral tegmental nucleus) whereas there are
      cells observed only with one rat CRF antiserum (e.g., in the cortex) or terminal
      fields observed only with ovine CRF antisera (e.g., the spinal trigeminal tract,
      the substantia gelatinosa, the spinal cord). Radioimmunoassay showed different
      cross reactivity of the antisera with synthetic ovine or rat/human CRF and
      sauvagine, however, there was no cross reactivity with a variety of other
      peptides. Tissue values of CRF obtained by RIA of micropunched brain nuclei with
      the 4 antisera were frequently dissimilar suggesting that different antisera
      recognize different substances. High performance liquid chromatography and
      radioimmunoassay of brain tissue samples, revealed that there is more than one
      form of CRF-like immunoreactivity present. There is indirect evidence that there
      exists at least one peptide in the rat brain, prominent in the medulla and the
      spinal cord, which cross reacts with antisera directed to ovine CRF only.

PMID- 3875840
TI  - Effect of ultraviolet radiation on the DNA synthesis of guinea pig thymocytes
      cultured in vitro.

PMID- 3875841
TI  - Significance of X granules in histiocytosis X: an ultrastructural study.
AB  - Histiocytosis X is characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic rod structures
      called Langerhans' cell granules or X granules (XG). It has been speculated that
      histiocytosis X is a Langerhans' cell disorder. This ultrastructural study was
      performed to quantitate the number of XG containing histiocytes in the
      histiocytosis X lesions. Twenty-four specimens from 22 patients with
      histiocytosis X were studied: 4 from skin, 5 from lymph node, 11 from bone, 2
      from lung, 1 from gingiva, and 1 from cheek. The majority of the histiocytes in
      histiocytosis X lesions do not contain X granules. The majority of the
      histiocytes in histiocytosis X lesions do not contain X granules. The percentage
      of histiocytes with XG in a lesion has no relation to the age of the patient or
      the organ from which it was obtained, except for skin, where they were quite
      numerous. The relative percent-age of histiocytes with granules does not
      correlate significantly with the prognosis of these patients.

PMID- 3875842
TI  - ANAs in systemic rheumatic disease. Diagnostic significance.
AB  - Development of the lupus erythematosus (LE) cell test some 40 years ago opened up
      the world of ANAs to the clinician. Armed with the availability of a battery of
      tests for ANAs of different specificities, the modern clinician has the tools for
      increased diagnostic sensitivity in rheumatic disease and more accurate
      differentiation of systemic rheumatic diseases that sometimes present with
      confusing overlapping clinical features. The tests, however, should not be used
      indiscriminately, and their interpretation should always be done critically and
      in the context of the clinical presentation.

PMID- 3875843
TI  - Drug-induced lupus. Genetic, clinical, and laboratory features.
AB  - Drug-induced lupus is a disorder similar to idiopathic systemic lupus
      erythematosus in terms of manifestations. However, these entities have
      significant serologic and clinical differences, which call into question the
      concept that they represent an identical disease process. Nonetheless, further
      research into the drug-induced disease will enhance our understanding and
      management of this clinically significant iatrogenic disease and will likely
      contribute to our comprehension of the pathogenesis of autoimmunity.

PMID- 3875844
TI  - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Practical aspects and applications.
AB  - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a commonly used method of
      treating patients with pain, both acute and chronic. Although several hypotheses
      have been proposed, the mechanism by which TENS alters pain perception is still
      unknown. Symptomatic relief of pain adjunctive to a comprehensive program of pain
      management is the only justified indication for TENS use.

PMID- 3875845
TI  - Chronic pain. Characteristics, assessment, and treatment plans.
AB  - Management of chronic pain is not a simple task. Pain is a complex, multifaceted
      perceptual experience. For effective management, the physician needs the
      patient's cooperation and personal commitment. Many chronic pain patients become
      preoccupied with their pain and gradually lose interest in social activities, or
      they may use their pain to avoid anxiety-producing situations. Chronic pain
      therapy instituted by the primary care physician demands a coordinated approach
      using pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment methods. When necessary,
      appropriate treatment by subspecialty physicians and by psychologists and other
      paramedical personnel should be coordinated.

PMID- 3875846
TI  - Live abdominal pregnancy presenting as massive rectal bleeding.
AB  - A case of massive rectal bleeding resulting from the placental attachment of an
      abdominal pregnancy to the sigmoid colon is reported. Both mother and infant
      survived this rare complication which should be considered when abdominal colic
      and major gastrointestinal haemorrhage occur in a pregnant patient.

PMID- 3875847
TI  - [A new questionnaire for the detection of causes of lung and respiratory tract
      diseases].

PMID- 3875848
TI  - [A family with 2 chronically ill children in the initial interview].

PMID- 3875849
TI  - [Utilization of a regional child psychiatric treatment facility].

PMID- 3875850
TI  - Cigarette smoking behavioral distinctions between experimental nonadopters and
      adopters in children and adolescents--a consideration of transitional smoking
      experience: the Bogalusa Heart Study.
AB  - A cigarette-smoking questionnaire to examine behavior, attitudes, and beliefs
      related to cigarette use was administered to children, ages 8-17, in a biracial
      community. Children who experimented with cigarettes but did not adopt the habit
      (experimental nonadopters) and children who continued to smoke (adopters) were
      identified and characterized. Follow-up behavior was examined 2 years later.
      Adopters were more likely to have smokers as friends and family members, more
      likely to have purchased their first cigarettes, more likely to believe smoking
      to be pleasurable for themselves and others, and less likely to consider smoking
      harmful. Adopters who maintained smoking behavior 2 years later had, during the
      initial survey, reported having more friends who also smoked and were more likely
      to believe smoking to be enjoyable. Experimental nonadopters were more likely to
      try the first cigarette alone, reported having fewer friends and family members
      who smoked, and believed greater health risks to be associated with cigarette
      use. Experimental nonadopters who maintained nonsmoking behavior 2 years later,
      especially in the older cohort, exhibited higher agreement with the negative
      consequences of cigarette smoking (health beliefs) and theories concerning
      smoking behavior of others.

PMID- 3875851
TI  - Dietary trends of 10- and 13-year-old children in a biracial community--the
      Bogalusa Heart Study.
AB  - Dietary intakes of two cross-sectional cohorts of 10-year-old children were
      collected in 1973 and 1976 to examine dietary trends over time. A longitudinal
      sample of the initial 1973 cohort examined at both 10 and 13 years of age
      identified changes in patterns and aging effect on intake. Significantly higher
      energy, total protein, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were noted for both 10-
      and 13-year-olds in 1976 compared with the 1973 sample. Saturated fat intake per
      1,000/kcal was significantly lower but polyunsaturated fat was significantly
      higher per 1,000/kcal for the second 10-year-old group. Boys consumed more
      energy, protein, saturated fat, cholesterol, and iron than did girls. A sex X age
      interaction was noted for energy, sucrose, starch, and potassium, with boys
      ingesting more at 13 than at 10 years. A race X age interaction occurred for
      sodium, with black children having higher levels than white children at 10 but
      not at 13 years. Statistically significant correlations were noted between intake
      at 10 and 13 years of age for protein, cholesterol, and potassium for boys.
      Eighty-five percent of all children exceeded the protein Recommended Dietary
      Allowance. Over half the children exceeded the maximum recommended sodium range;
      potassium intakes were low. Excessive intakes of saturated fat, sucrose, animal
      protein, and sodium with low potassium and vegetable protein intakes create a
      potential health risk, influencing cardiovascular risk.

PMID- 3875852
TI  - Racial contrasts of blood pressure levels in two southern, rural communities.
AB  - Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were obtained according to a
      standardized protocol in two biracial, rural, southern communities. Essentially,
      the same examination team and protocol were used in Franklinton and Bogalusa. No
      differences between the communities in mean height or weight (except for white
      boys) were observed. Blood pressure levels were 2-5 mm Hg higher in Franklinton,
      particularly in blacks ages 8-13 years. These differences could not be explained
      by differences in anthropometric measurements or observers. The difference may be
      due partly to the fact that larger numbers of students each morning were examined
      in Franklinton than Bogalusa in perhaps a more hurried environment. Most of the
      staff members, being from Bogalusa, were not familiar to the children in
      Franklinton (as they are in Bogalusa), and this may have created anxiety. The
      differences were small, however, when compared with differences observed among
      several populations using varying methods. Confirmation is given to the finding
      that height and weight, not age, are the strongest determinants of blood pressure
      level in growing children, giving a further clue toward development of an
      appropriate definition of hypertension in children.

PMID- 3875853
TI  - Ia-transfected L-cell fibroblasts present a lysozyme peptide but not the native
      protein to lysozyme-specific T cells.
AB  - We studied the antigen-presenting capacity of mouse L fibroblasts transfected
      with genes encoding Ia polypeptides of the major histocompatibility complex
      (MHC). These cells function as efficient antigen-presenting cells (APC) in
      stimulating peptide antigen-specific MHC-restricted proliferation of long-term T
      cell lines, thus establishing the capacity of Ia-expressing L-cell transfectants
      to present antigens to apparently normal T cells. However, in contrast to splenic
      APC, L-cell transfectants fail to present native hen egg-white lysozyme to the
      same T cells. Since this result is similar to that obtained with physiologic APC
      pretreated to prevent antigen degradation, it suggests that L-cell transfectants,
      without such pretreatments, may be compromised in their ability to process native
      lysozyme. However, since such transfectant cells have been shown to present other
      complex polypeptides such as keyhole limpet hemocyanin, a random copolymer of
      glutamic acid, alanine, and tyrosine, and influenza virus neuraminidase, this
      observation suggests that protein antigens differ in the stringency of processing
      requirements.

PMID- 3875854
TI  - Bone marrow-derived thymic antigen-presenting cells determine self-recognition of
      Ia-restricted T lymphocytes.
AB  - We previously have demonstrated that in radiation-induced bone marrow chimeras, T
      cell self-Ia restriction specificity appeared to correlate with the phenotype of
      the bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting (or dendritic) cell in the thymus
      during T-cell development. However, these correlations were necessarily indirect
      because of the difficulty in assaying thymic function directly by adult thymus
      transplant, which has in the past been uniformly unsuccessful. We now report
      success in obtaining functional T cells from nude mice grafted with adult
      thymuses reduced in size by treatment of the thymus donor with anti-thymocyte
      globulin and cortisone. When (B10 Scn X B10.D2)F1 nude mice (I-Ab,d) are given
      parental B10.D2 (I-Ad) thymus grafts subcutaneously, their T cells are restricted
      to antigen recognition in association with I-Ad gene products but not I-Ab gene
      products. Furthermore, thymuses from (B10 X B10.D2)F1 (I-Ab,d)----B10 (I-Ab)
      chimeras transplanted 6 months or longer after radiation (a time at which antigen
      presenting cell function is of donor bone marrow phenotype) into (B10 X B10.D2)F1
      nude mice generate T cells restricted to antigen recognition in association with
      both I-Ad and I-Ab gene products. Thymuses from totally allogeneic bone marrow
      chimeras appear to generate T cells of bone marrow donor and thymic host
      restriction specificity. Thus, when thymus donors are radiation-induced bone
      marrow chimeras, the T-cell I-region restriction of the nude mice recipients is
      determined at least in part by the phenotype of the bone marrow-derived thymic
      antigen presenting cells or dendritic cells in the chimeric thymus.

PMID- 3875855
TI  - Evidence for the involvement of the submandibular gland epidermal growth factor
      in mouse mammary tumorigenesis.
AB  - The submandibular gland is a rich source of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in
      mice. The concentration of EGF in the gland of virgin female mice of C3H/HeN
      strain increased as much as 9-fold from the age of 30 to 52 weeks. During this
      period, the incidence of mammary tumor in virgin females increased markedly to a
      maximal level of 62.5% (n = 48) at 52 weeks of age. Removal of the submandibular
      gland (sialoadenectomy) of virgin mice 14-22 weeks old reduced the tumor
      incidence to 12.8% (n = 39) at the age of 52 weeks and also increased the latency
      period of mammary tumor development as much as 14 weeks when compared to that of
      normal mice. Long-term treatment of sialoadenectomized virgin mice with EGF (5
      micrograms per mouse every other day) increased the tumor incidence to 33.3%.
      Moreover, sialoadenectomy of mammary tumor-bearing animals caused a rapid and
      sustained cessation of tumor growth, but EGF administration (5 micrograms per
      mouse per day) quickly restored the rate of tumor growth to a normal level. These
      results indicate that submandibular gland EGF plays a crucial role in mouse
      mammary tumorigenesis.

PMID- 3875856
TI  - The propeptide of rat bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein shares homology
      with other vitamin K-dependent protein precursors.
AB  - The molecular cloning of bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) protein (BGP;
      osteocalcin) was accomplished by constructing a phage lambda gt11 cDNA library
      from the rat osteosarcoma cell line ROS 17/2 and screening this library with
      antibodies raised against BGP from rat bone. By sequencing several cloned cDNAs,
      we have established a 489-base-pair sequence that predicts a mature BGP of 50
      amino acid residues with an NH2-terminal extension of 49 residues. The leader
      peptide consists of a hydrophobic signal peptide followed by a basic propeptide
      of 26 or 27 residues that is cleaved after an Arg-Arg dipeptide prior to
      secretion from the cell. Mature rat BGP is extremely homologous to BGPs from
      other species except for its COOH-terminal sequence. A stretch of 9 residues
      proximal to the NH2 terminus of secreted BGP is strikingly similar to the
      corresponding regions in known propeptides of the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid
      containing blood coagulation factors. We suggest that this common structural
      feature may be involved in the posttranslational targeting of these polypeptides
      for vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylation.

PMID- 3875857
TI  - Inhibition of soluble immune response suppressor activity by growth factors.
AB  - Soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS), a protein of Mr 14,000, is a
      lymphokine produced by interferon- or concanavalin A-activated suppressor T cells
      and is oxidized to its activated form, SIRSox, by H2O2 produced by macrophages.
      SIRSox inhibits antibody secretion by B lymphocytes and cell division by normal
      or transformed cell lines. Effects of purified growth factors on suppression of
      antibody secretion were examined to determine whether any would oppose the
      inhibitory effects of SIRS or SIRSox. Interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 2 (IL-2),
      and epidermal growth factor (EGF) each inhibited SIRS-mediated suppression of
      antibody secretion by cultured mouse spleen cells. Inhibition of SIRS activity
      was most effective when growth factors were added late in the culture period. IL
      1, IL-2, and EGF also blocked suppression by SIRSox. However, EGF and IL-1
      blocked suppression by SIRSox only when added 3-6 hr before addition of SIRSox,
      whereas IL-2 blocked suppression by SIRSox when added before or up to 3 hr after
      addition of SIRSox. Further evaluation showed that IL-2, but not EGF or IL-1,
      reversed inhibition of antibody secretion by SIRSox in a time- and concentration
      dependent manner. With 50 units of IL-2 per 0.5-ml culture, reversal was complete
      within 1 hr. The ability of growth factors to interfere with inhibition of cell
      division by SIRSox was examined with the human B-cell leukemia RPMI-1788. This
      cell line binds EGF but is not known to have cell surface receptors for IL-1 or
      IL-2. EGF (0.3-1 ng/ml), when added to RPMI-1788 cultures 4-6 hr before SIRSox,
      interfered with the ability of SIRSox to inhibit cell division. Taken together,
      these data indicate that growth factors interfere with both the immunosuppressive
      and growth inhibitory properties of SIRSox in both heterogeneous and homogeneous
      cell populations.

PMID- 3875859
TI  - Monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies related to a murine oncofetal bladder tumor
      antigen induce specific cell-mediated tumor immunity.
AB  - Rat monoclonal antibody 6.10 recognizes a 175-kDa protein expressed in all BALB/c
      mouse transitional cell bladder carcinomas tested, in epithelial cells of the
      mouse embryo, and in a few epithelial cells of adult mice. The antibody was used
      as an immunogen to generate two mouse monoclonal antibodies, 21D9 and 43A10,
      which bind to idiotopes on antibody 6.10 associated with the binding site for the
      175-kDa antigen. The antiidiotypic antibodies induced bladder tumor-specific,
      cell-mediated immunity when injected into syngeneic mice, as shown by delayed
      type hypersensitivity reactions in vivo and leukocyte adherence inhibition
      reactions in vitro. Tumor specificity was demonstrated by employing as controls a
      chemically induced BALB/c fibrosarcoma, MCA-1511 (MCA, 3-methylcholanthrene), and
      its corresponding antiidiotypic antibody, 5.96. Lymphocytes from mice sensitized
      with antibody 21D9 or 5.96 specifically recognized antigens in extracts of BALB/c
      bladder carcinoma BTCC-1660 (BTCC, bladder transitional cell carcinoma) and
      sarcoma MCA-1511, respectively, as shown by leukocyte adherence inhibition
      reactivity. This reactivity was selectively abrogated by prior treatment of the
      sensitized cells with the appropriate antiidiotypic antibodies and complement. An
      antigen recognized in vitro by antibody 21D9-sensitized lymphocytes could be
      separated from BTCC-1660 extract by immunoabsorption with antibody 6.10 and
      elution with acidic buffer. Our findings indicate that the oncofetal antigen
      defined by antibody 6.10 is recognized by the immune system of syngeneic mice and
      suggest that antiidiotypic antibodies related to certain oncofetal antigens can
      be used to immunize against syngeneic tumors.

PMID- 3875858
TI  - Recognition of interspecies hybrid class I histocompatibility antigens by antigen
      specific cytolytic T lymphocytes.
AB  - Two reciprocal interspecies hybrid class I histocompatibility genes have been
      constructed between genomic clones of human HLA-A2 and murine H-2Kb. The proteins
      encoded by these genes have been designated A21+2/Kb, where the polymorphic
      domains, alpha 1 and alpha 2, of HLA-A2 are linked to the carboxyl-terminal
      domains (alpha 3, transmembrane, and intracytoplasmic domains) of H-2Kb, and
      Kb1+2/A2, where the alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains of the H-2Kb antigen are linked
      to the carboxyl-terminal domains of HLA-A2. These genes have been transfected and
      expressed in recipient mouse L cells and human RD (rhabdomyosarcoma) cells. Both
      hybrid antigens were found to be serologically intact when tested with a panel of
      antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies. The monoclonal antibody W6/32, which
      recognizes a monomorphic determinant on all HLA-A, -B, and -C antigens,
      recognizes the alpha 1 and/or the alpha 2 domain, rather than the more conserved
      alpha 3 domain. Human cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for the HLA-A2
      antigen recognized the A2 and A21+2/Kb proteins only when expressed in human
      cells and not when expressed in mouse cells, even when surface antigen levels
      were 10-fold greater on the mouse cells than on the human cells. In contrast, a
      long-term, murine anti-H-2b CTL line not only lysed mouse L-cell lines that
      expressed the parental Kb and hybrid Kb1+2/A2 antigens but also lysed the Kb and
      Kb1+2/A2 human cell RD transformants as well. In both cases, the level of CTL
      recognition and lysis of the transformants that expressed the native antigen Kb
      was greater than of those transformants that expressed the hybrid antigen
      Kb1+2/A2. These data suggest that the carboxyl-terminal domains play some role in
      CTL allorecognition. The lack of human CTL recognition of HLA molecules expressed
      in mouse L cells, however, cannot be explained by the presence of a xenogeneic
      carboxyl terminus. Since murine CTL can recognize their target antigen when
      expressed on the surface of human cells, the possibility remains either that a
      ligand necessary for other molecular interactions of human CTL may be absent on
      mouse target cells or that murine and human CTL differ in affinity of binding to
      target antigens in the absence of accessory-molecule interactions.

PMID- 3875860
TI  - Rate of clearance of interleukin-1 from the blood of normal and nephrectomized
      rats.
AB  - Interleukin-1 (IL-1), a macrophage product, appears to be responsible for a wide
      variety of changes in animals during the early stages of infection and
      inflammation. However, the fate of injected IL-1 has not been established. The
      major pathway of removal from the circulation may be through the kidney, since IL
      1 can be found in urine. The IL-1 for these studies was prepared from peritoneal
      macrophages of rats and rabbits. The clearance rate of IL-1 was determined by
      measuring the activity, for increasing plasma fibrinogen or releasing bone marrow
      neutrophils, which remained in the blood at various times after an iv injection.
      Both rat and rabbit IL-1 were removed rapidly from the blood of rats. The results
      indicate that less than 10% of the IL-1 was cleared by the kidney. So that rats
      with their kidneys removed showed only a slight decrease in the clearance rate of
      IL-1. This suggests that excretion through the kidney does not represent the
      major mechanism of IL-1 disposal.

PMID- 3875861
TI  - Impaired organic ion transport in proximal tubules of rats with Heymann
      nephritis.
AB  - Organic ion transport across the basolateral membrane of proximal tubules was
      measured by means of the tissue slice technique in each of the four different
      stages of Heymann nephritis. Impairment of both organic anion and cation
      transport was detected early in Stage 2, and became more severe in Stage 3 of
      Heymann nephritis. The decreased transport function was associated with extensive
      damage to proximal tubule cells, including loss of brush border microvilli and
      basal infoldings. Despite these abnormalities of structure and function, oxygen
      consumption of proximal tubule cells remained essentially normal. Partial
      recovery of organic cation transport was noted late in Heymann nephritis (Stage
      4). Recovery of the cation transport function was associated with a partial
      restoration of brush border microvilli and basal infoldings to proximal tubule
      cells. However, organic anion transport remained depressed throughout the entire
      course of disease. Impairment of organic ion transport in rats with Heymann
      nephritis appeared to result from damage to basolateral membrane transport
      elements rather than general deterioration of the metabolic machinery of proximal
      tubule cells. Decreased organic cation transport appeared to be the consequence
      of a reduction in the number of carrier sites, a phenomenon that could have
      resulted from decreased membrane surface area. However, the depression of organic
      anion transport was associated with decreased substrate affinity of the anion
      carrier, indicating that qualitative, rather than quantitative changes, were
      primarily responsible for that defect. Specific antibody-mediated damage to the
      anion transport elements in basolateral membranes of proximal tubules is
      postulated to occur in Heymann nephritis.

PMID- 3875862
TI  - The effect of concanavalin A-stimulated mononuclear cells on low density
      lipoprotein receptor activity of cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - Secretory products of freshly isolated human circulating blood cells such as
      platelets, monocytes, and B lymphocytes, but not T lymphocytes, have previously
      been shown to enhance low density lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism by arterial wall
      cells. This study was undertaken to evaluate how secretory factor(s) from
      mononuclear cells that had been stimulated by concanavalin A (Con A) alters LDL
      receptor activity by cultured human skin fibroblasts. Conditioned medium from Con
      A-stimulated mononuclear cells produced an increase of 125I-LDL degradation
      accompanied by increased thymidine incorporation into DNA. The effect of
      conditioned medium from the Con A-stimulated mononuclear cells was mediated by
      the LDL receptor pathway. Degradation of HDL and methylated LDL, neither of which
      is taken up by the classical LDL receptor pathway, was not affected. The
      conditioned medium from these Con A-stimulated cells also failed to stimulate
      fluid pinocytosis, as measured by the uptake of [14C]sucrose. Some strains of
      fibroblasts, deficient in LDL receptors, responded to the conditioned medium from
      the Con A-stimulated mononuclear cells by increasing the very small amounts of
      LDL degraded by these cells. Fibroblasts from other homozygous familial
      hypercholesterolemic cell strains were unresponsive, however. The effect on LDL
      receptors was characterized by an increase in LDL receptor number without a
      change in the affinity of LDL for its receptor. Thus stimulated mononuclear cells
      secrete mitogens that also stimulate LDL receptor activity in human skin
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 3875863
TI  - The cystatins: small protein inhibitors of cysteine proteinases.

PMID- 3875864
TI  - Purification and characterization of a low molecular mass cysteine proteinase
      inhibitor from human amniotic fluid.

PMID- 3875865
TI  - Ca2+, interleukin-1 and failure to maintain normal length stimulate protein
      degradation in isolated skeletal muscle.

PMID- 3875866
TI  - AIDS: blood donor studies and screening programs.

PMID- 3875867
TI  - Biphasic effect of pyrazolone derivatives on drug-metabolizing enzyme in rat
      liver.
AB  - The pyrazolone derivatives aminophenazone, phenazone, and propyphenazone known as
      inducers are capable of inhibiting initially monooxygenase-dependent
      biotransformation steps. In the dose of 1.5 mmol X kg-1 they prolong the
      hexobarbital narcosis (max. 1 h after administration) due to a reduced
      hexobarbital metabolism in the liver. An influence on the N-demethylation
      (aminophenazone as substrate) ist not substantial. The catalytic binding site of
      cytochrome P-450 is not influenced. In aminophenazone- and phenazone-treated
      animals the inhibitory phase is followed by a stimulatory one. After the repeated
      administration the inhibitory phase continues up to the third measured 1 h after
      administration. The initially inhibitory effect of inducers seems to be caused by
      a mutual interference of a complete or partial binding to various forms of
      cytochrome P-450. However, effects on the CNS cannot be excluded.

PMID- 3875868
TI  - [Non-protein sulfhydryl groups and glutathione-S-transferases in acute toxic
      effects of Di-n-alkyltin dichlorides in mice and rats].
AB  - Toxic doses of di-n-butyl-tinn-dichloride (DBTC, 1.6 mmol/kg p.o., 0.04 mmol/kg
      i.v.) and of di-n-octyl-tinn-dichloride (DOTC, 2.4 mmol/kg p.o.) did not affect
      the non-protein sulfhydryl groups (NPSH) in mice livers. The NPSH depletion by a
      diethylmaleate pre-treatment did not influence acute toxic DOTC effects on the
      rats' thymus. DBTC concentrations of 10(-5) to 10(-4) mol/l in vitro inhibited
      the glutathion-S-transferase activity (GSH-Trs.) of cytosolic supernatants from
      the liver and the thymocytes of the rat compared with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzen
      as the electrophile substrate by max. 34%. The GSH-Trs. in the cytosolic liver
      supernatant had not been reduced after rats' DBTC treatment. A hydrophobic DBTC
      binding to GSH-Trs. is supposed.

PMID- 3875870
TI  - Electrical stimulation for strengthening.

PMID- 3875869
TI  - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for pain control during labor and
      delivery. A case report.

PMID- 3875871
TI  - Vestibular versus tail-pinch activation in cats with lateral hypothalamic
      lesions.
AB  - Mild tail-pinch induces eating in animals which are aphagic following lateral
      hypothalamic lesions. This study compares the specificity of the behavior
      produced by tail-pinch to that produced by vestibular stimulation in cats which
      are akinetic and aphagic following lateral hypothalamic lesions. In these cats,
      tail-pinch elicited licking and biting at food while vestibular stimulation
      preferentially elicited forward locomotion. These results suggest that such
      stimuli activate specific movement subsystems rather than producing general,
      nonspecific arousal.

PMID- 3875872
TI  - A controlled study of cellular immune function in affective disorders before and
      during somatic therapy.
AB  - Lymphocyte blastogenesis induced by lectins (PHA, Con A, and PWM) was assessed in
      27 drug-free patients with unipolar (n = 21) or bipolar (n = 5) depression and 13
      normal controls. Fifteen patients were restudied after clinical remission.
      Symptomatic patients did not differ from controls nor did endogenous and
      nonendogenous depressions differ in their lymphocyte blastogenesis response to
      any of the three lectins. However, a significant reduction in lymphocyte
      blastogenesis with both PHA and Con A stimulation was found following somatic
      treatment. Cellular immune function appears to be normal in depressed patients,
      although the somatic therapies are associated with a reduction in this function.

PMID- 3875873
TI  - DSM-III generalized anxiety disorder: an empirical investigation of more
      stringent criteria.
AB  - The diagnoses of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) according to DSM-III and
      according to revised criteria (requiring 6 months' duration and 6 symptoms) were
      determined by the use of the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic
      Interview Schedule in a probability sample of 357 women. The DSM-III GAD lifetime
      rate of 45% was reduced by a factor of five when the revised definition was
      applied. The reduction was due chiefly to the longer duration criterion.
      Requiring a higher number of symptoms did not raise the threshold for the
      diagnosis, since 74% of persons with a period of 1 month or more of generalized
      anxiety reported six symptoms. Although chronicity was associated with more
      pervasive symptomatology, the excess in symptoms appears to be due to the very
      high prevalence of major depression (73%) among the newly defined (i.e., chronic)
      GAD positives.

PMID- 3875874
TI  - Cerebral ventricular enlargement as a possible genetic marker for schizophrenia.

PMID- 3875875
TI  - Neuroendocrine abnormalities in panic disorder.

PMID- 3875876
TI  - [Postirradiation dynamics of T-lymphocyte precursors and thymus regeneration in
      mice].
AB  - Irradiation of CBA mice elicits a pronounced response of intrathymus and bone
      marrow precursors of T-lymphocytes (PTL) which is manifested by an increase in a
      relative content of PTL in the thymus and their transfer from bone marrow to
      thymus. The estimate of the regenerative potency of the thymus most adequately
      reflects the cellular events leading to regeneration thereof. The differences in
      the thymus regeneration dynamics between CBA and AKR mice are associated with
      different radiation response of the intrathymic SC-1-PTL in mice of these
      strains.

PMID- 3875877
TI  - [Role of hypoxanthine in the radiation death of thymocytes in vitro].
AB  - Hypoxanthine in vitro causes death of thymocytes and concurrent intranucleosome
      degradation of chromatin. This process is more manifest in a more radiosensitive
      thymocyte fraction and prevented by protein synthesis inhibitors. The increase in
      the yield of hypoxanthine after the effect of lympholytic agents of different
      nature is not the result of cell death. It is assumed that hypoxanthine, formed
      in the exposed cells, may be an additional cytotoxic factor on reaching a
      subliminal concentration.

PMID- 3875878
TI  - Vertebral osteomyelitis: assessment using MR.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients who were clinically suspected of having vertebral
      osteomyelitis were prospectively evaluated with magnetic resonance (MR),
      radiography, and radionuclide studies. These findings were correlated with the
      final clinical, microbiologic, or histologic diagnoses. Based on the results of
      these latter studies, 23 patients were believed to have osteomyelitis. MR
      examinations consisted of at least a sagittal image (TE = 30 msec, TR = 0.5 sec)
      and an image obtained at TE = 120 msec, TR = 2-3 sec. All patients underwent
      radiographic and MR examinations, 36 underwent technetium 99m-HDP bone scanning,
      and 20 patients underwent gallium 67 scanning. Nineteen patients underwent both
      bone and gallium scanning. The imaging studies were reviewed independently by
      investigators blinded to the final diagnoses. MR had a sensitivity of 96%,
      specificity of 92%, and accuracy of 94%. Combined gallium and bone scan studies
      (19 cases) had a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 94%.
      Bone scans alone had a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 78%, and accuracy of
      86%. Plain radiographs had a sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 57%, and accuracy
      of 73%. The MR appearance of vertebral osteomyelitis in this study was
      characteristic, and MR was as accurate and sensitive as radionuclide scanning in
      the detection of osteomyelitis.

PMID- 3875879
TI  - Segmental coronary artery disease: detection by rotating slant-hole collimator
      tomography and planar thallium 201 myocardial scintigraphy.
AB  - Normal quantitative circumferential profile limits were established for a 30
      degrees bilateral rotating slant-hole (RSH) collimator tomographic system. This
      system's value in detecting segmental coronary artery disease was assessed in a
      study evaluating 196 patients by thallium 201 myocardial scintigraphy and
      coronary arteriography. Profile curves were calculated from images of 20 healthy
      patients and used to identify significant coronary artery disease (greater than
      or equal to 70% diameter narrowing) in the left anterior descending (LAD), the
      right, and the left circumflex (LCx) coronary arteries. In a group of 86
      patients, an abnormality on the apical or middle plane optimally identified
      segmental coronary artery disease. When such abnormalities were prospectively
      evaluated in a test group of 110 patients, the sensitivity and specificity were
      79% and 93% for LAD, 90% and 90% for right, and 83% and 83% for LCx coronary
      artery disease. Compared with qualitative interpretation of the planar and
      tomographic images, quantitative tomography significantly improved the
      sensitivity of T1-201 imaging in detecting LAD, right, and LCx coronary artery
      disease (P less than .001) in patients with or without previous myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 3875880
TI  - Central actions of calcitonin on body temperature and intestinal motility in
      rats: evidence for different mediations.
AB  - The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of calcitonin and
      PGE2 on intestinal motility and body temperature were examined in conscious rats
      chronically fitted with intraparietal electrodes in the small intestine, a
      cannula in a cerebral lateral ventricle and a subcutaneous thermistor probe. Both
      calcitonin and PGE2 restored the fasted pattern of intestinal motility in fed
      rats and induced an increase in body temperature. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of
      the cyclooxygenase with calcium antagonistic properties, and TMB-8, an
      intracellular calcium antagonist, blocked the effects of calcitonin on intestinal
      motility and body temperature. Piroxicam, an inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase
      which does not affect calcium uptake blocked the thermic but not the intestinal
      effects of calcitonin. TMB-8 but not indomethacin or piroxicam partially blocked
      the effects of PGE2 on both intestinal motility and body temperature. It is
      concluded that the central hyperthermic effect of calcitonin is mediated through
      the formation and the release of prostaglandins whereas the central action of
      calcitonin on digestive motility results from intracerebral effects on calcium
      fluxes.

PMID- 3875881
TI  - [Comparative analysis of membrane glycoproteins of normal and chronic lymphatic
      leukemia B lymphocytes by lectins].
AB  - Eight plant lectins were used to investigate membrane alterations in lymphocytes
      from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). By rosetting with lectins
      attached to latex particles, the cell percentages with the abundance of each
      lectin receptor were compared in B normal and leukemic lymphocytes. Comparing
      these data with the number of lectin molecules bound to each cell and the
      affinity, which are values calculated with 125I-labeled lectins, it was possible
      to deduce differences in the composition of glycoproteins in B normal and B-CLL
      lymphocytes membrane. Compared to B normal, B-CLL lymphocytes had fewer receptors
      for WGA and more for Lens culinaris, SBA and Tetragonolobus purpureus lectins.
      Receptors for Concanavalin A, Pisum sativum, PHA and Tetragonolobus purpureus
      showed a higher affinity with B normal lymphocytes, while the other lectins
      assayed showed more affinity with B-CLL lymphocytes. So, it is possible to
      establish a comparative analysis about the plasma membrane glycoproteins in the B
      normal and CLL lymphocytes by lectin binding studies.

PMID- 3875882
TI  - T-lymphocyte behaviour modification in vitro by cancer patient sera.
AB  - Cell mediated immune response blocking factor(s) in the serum of colon
      adenocarcinoma patients inhibit blast transformation of lymphocytes from normal
      individuals. The blocking capacity of the sera has been shown to correlate with
      the infiltration of the tumor. This correlation suggests that these phenomena may
      be mediated by identical serum factors and through a common cell receptor present
      in the lymphocytes of normal individuals.

PMID- 3875883
TI  - [Endoscopic sclerosis of esophageal varices for the prevention of re-bleeding:
      our experience].

PMID- 3875884
TI  - Cocaine blocks the dopamine depletion induced by MPTP.
AB  - The administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to mice
      causes a long-lasting depletion of striatal dopamine. The concomitant
      administration of a dopamine uptake blocker, cocaine, protected the mice from
      this MPTP-induced dopamine depletion. These observations are discussed in
      reference to the mechanism through which MPTP enters dopaminergic neurons as well
      as species differences in the sensitivity of the serotonergic system to the toxic
      effects of MPTP.

PMID- 3875885
TI  - [Results of aortocoronary bypass surgery for patients with severe left
      ventricular dysfunction].

PMID- 3875886
TI  - Radiology of retrocochlear lesions.

PMID- 3875887
TI  - Expression and CTL recognition of cloned subgenomic fragments of Moloney murine
      leukemia virus in murine cells.

PMID- 3875888
TI  - [Complications of Meckel's diverticulum].

PMID- 3875889
TI  - [Severe postpartum hemorrhage].
AB  - The authors report 95 cases of post-partum haemorrhage estimated at one litre or
      more seen in the Department of Obstetrics between 1979 and 1982 for 11 662
      deliveries. Classical treatment combining artificial delivery or uterine manual
      evacuation-oxytocics led to the arrest of bleeding in 73 cases. Severe
      haemorrhage persisted in 22 cases, including 13 patients who were found to be
      suffering from a coagulopathy. Treatment of these severe forms is based upon:
      local haemostasis (in the presence of inertia, prostaglandins must be used before
      surgery) and correction of the coagulation disorder by substitution therapy
      providing the missing factors.

PMID- 3875890
TI  - [Current technics for postoperative analgesia].

PMID- 3875891
TI  - [Proprioceptive sensitivity and orofacial functions].
AB  - Proprioceptive sensibility from stimulation of muscle, ligament articular and
      vestibular receptors plays a determining role in the regulation of tone, of the
      resting position of the mandible, of head posture and of the closure pathway of
      the mandible. Studies conducted on temporomandibular joints of fetuses and adult
      subjects failed to demonstrate the specialized corpuscles (a fact previously
      noted by Ramfjord) in the temporomaxillary joint capsule, described typically in
      other joints. In contrast, however, histology showed a particularly rich
      population of muscle receptors adjacent to this joint, this being only one of
      several particular characteristics.

PMID- 3875892
TI  - [Value of Tissucol in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery].
AB  - Fibrinogen glue of human origin was used in 44 patients. Indications are of two
      types: as a glue mainly for dermoepidermoid grafts but also to assist mucosal
      suturing and bone obturation, and for hemostasis after extractions in patients
      with coagulation disorders (hemophilia, cirrhosis, leukemia). Positive results
      were obtained, particularly in hemophilic patients, the incidence and severity of
      secondary hemorrhage appearing to diminish.

PMID- 3875893
TI  - [Therapy of leukemia in rats using a conjugate of specific immunoglobulin and
      albumin-methotrexate].

PMID- 3875894
TI  - SCE Nordic alpha-amylase method selection and calibration study. A report by the
      Committee of Enzymes of the Scandinavian Society for Clinical Chemistry (SCE).
AB  - Seventy-six Nordic routine laboratories participated in a joint SCE-NORDKEM study
      comprising evaluation, selection, and temporary calibration of amylase methods.
      Human control materials with known fractions of salivary and pancreatic amylase
      were determined by seven routine amylase assays based on substrates with glucosyl
      (G) chain lengths G4, G5, G5-6, G7, G9, amylopectin and blue starch polymer
      (Phadebas). The data were plotted before and after calibration of each method
      using a human pancreatic calibrator with an assigned value of 390 U/l (37 degrees
      C, Phadebas). the study led to three conclusions: The analytical overestimation
      of salivary to pancreatic amylase ratio (S:P) increased with decreasing number of
      glucosyl units in the substrates. Relative to the S:P value of blue starch
      polymer (set at 1.00), for example, tetraose mean S:P value was 1.55. The
      hydrolysis rates relative to that with blue starch polymer decreased with the
      number of glucosyl units in the substrates. The precalibration values of all
      methods spread over an approximately six-fold range. Post-calibration values of
      all methods, except tetraose, showed an acceptable inter-laboratory
      comparability. The CV values for low, medium, and high controls were about 5.5,
      and 6% respectively. As a temporary solution to the current problem of diverse
      amylase assays, the SCE suggests calibration of the methods considered acceptable
      in this study. The long-term effects will be evaluated in a follow-up study
      within a year.

PMID- 3875895
TI  - Identification of a cell surface protein complex mediating phorbol ester-induced
      adhesion (binding) among human mononuclear leukocytes.
AB  - Phorbol esters rapidly induce aggregation of human mononuclear leukocytes in
      vitro. Previous studies have indicated that cell surface proteins are involved.
      We report now that the monoclonal antibody 60.3, either as purified IgG or as
      Fab' fragments, to an antigen common to leukocytes completely inhibited the
      phorbol ester-induced intercellular adhesion (binding). No inhibition of cell
      aggregation was observed with monoclonal antibodies to common leukocyte antigen T
      200, T-cell-associated antigen, monocyte-granulocyte antigen, brain granulocyte-T
      lymphocyte antigen, transferrin receptor, mature T-cell antigens (mol.wt either
      67,000 or 19,000/29,000), T helper/inducer cell antigen, sheep erythrocyte
      receptor, class I or class II antigens, or T cytotoxic/suppressor cell antigen.
      The antibody 60.3 did not inhibit stimulation of the cells since the
      characteristic phorbol ester-induced morphological changes and phorbol ester
      enhanced cap formation of membrane glycoproteins were readily observed. Two major
      cell surface polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 90,000 and 160,000
      were immunoprecipitated. We conclude that this protein complex, or at least one
      of its components, mediates adhesion among mononuclear leukocytes.

PMID- 3875896
TI  - Magnetic monosized polymer particles for fast and specific fractionation of human
      mononuclear cells.
AB  - Magnetic monodisperse polymer particles were developed and the necessary
      conditions established to use them for both quantification and fractionation of
      human peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations. The particles consist of a
      styrene divinylbenzene core into which magnetite has been deposited by an in situ
      oxidation process. Thereafter the core has been coated with a hydrophilic polymer
      containing epoxy and hydroxyl groups. The particles have strong nonspecific
      binding capacity for protein and can be coated with the appropriate antibodies by
      physical adsorption only. However, the hydroxyl groups on the outer polymer also
      make covalent coupling possible. After appropriate blocking they can be used in a
      rosette assay for quantification of mononuclear leukocytes previously sensitized
      with monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, a suitable magnet makes it possible to
      deplete the cell suspension efficiently of the rosette-forming cells. We have
      thoroughly investigated the functional properties of human mononuclear cells
      depleted of T lymphocytes by this technique. Our results show that T cells are
      virtually completely eliminated, as demonstrated by flow cytometry and various
      functional assay systems.

PMID- 3875897
TI  - [Pregnancy and childbirth in a mother with active histiocytosis].
AB  - The course of pregnancy is described in a 20-year-old patient who had had active
      histiocytosis X since infancy. After an acute onset during the first year of
      life, a disseminated chronic state developed at 18 months of age which persisted
      until the pregnancy. Long-term therapy with 6-mercaptopurine was instituted at
      diagnosis and was not discontinued until the 17th week of pregnancy. The course
      of pregnancy, delivery and puerperium was normal except for elevated LDH, altered
      protein electrophoresis and anemia. The newborn showed no abnormality.

PMID- 3875898
TI  - Distinct monoamine oxidase A and B populations in primate brain.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies specific for monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and MAO B,
      respectively, were used to localize these enzymes in primate brain. The reagents
      recognized different populations of neurons: those that recognized MAO A were
      located in cell groups containing catecholamines, including the substantia nigra,
      nucleus locus coeruleus, nucleus subcoeruleus, and the periventricular region of
      the hypothalamus, whereas those that recognized MAO B were observed in serotonin
      regions, including the nucleus raphe dorsalis and nucleus centralis superior.
      These data illustrate the physiological independence of MAO A and B and show that
      neurons may be specialized for their degradative as well as their synthetic
      functions.

PMID- 3875900
TI  - Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease amongst Mormons in Britain and Ireland.
AB  - The prevalence of Crohn's disease (79/10(5)), ulcerative colitis (389/10(5)) and
      appendicectomy (2751/10(5)) were measured in a survey of the Mormon church in
      Britain and Ireland. Details were obtained from 230 of the 342 branches in
      Britain which had a membership of 56,000 people although only 17,700 people were
      active members. The prevalence of Crohn's disease was comparable to that reported
      from various centres in Britain, but ulcerative colitis was significantly
      commoner amongst Mormons while the frequency of appendicectomy was significantly
      reduced.

PMID- 3875899
TI  - Studies on the profibrinolytic actions of heparin and its fractions.
AB  - Utilizing modified immunochemical methods (ELISA and radioimmunoassay) tissue
      plasminogen activator, B beta 15-42 RPs and protein C antigen levels were
      measured in man and a subhuman primate model after subcutaneous and intravenous
      administration of various low molecular weight heparin fractions. A wide scatter
      in the data was observed in the t-PA and B beta 15-42 RP levels; however,
      statistical analysis of the data revealed that certain low molecular weight
      heparin fractions increased the levels of these endogenous markers of
      fibrinolysis. No significant alteration in the protein C levels was noted at any
      time; however, a wide scatter in these data was also evident. The profibrinolytic
      actions of low molecular weight heparin fractions may be related to the release
      of t-PA, which is easily measured in plasma. Since it has strong affinity for
      endogenous sites (thrombus, surface), wide scatter in the data may occur.
      Physical exercise may also increase the levels. Most of the results reported in
      our studies represent data on blood samples that were obtained using the simple
      venipuncture method. We also find that the intravenous administration of the low
      molecular weight heparin fractions also caused a shortening of the ELT. Since the
      low molecular weight heparin fractions are heterogeneous in nature, the
      profibrinolytic actions may be related to one or more of these constituent
      fragments. Thus, the molecular identity of the profibrinolytic component of low
      molecular weight fractions remains unknown at this time. Also unknown is if there
      is a relationship between this effect and anticoagulant activity.

PMID- 3875901
TI  - The effects of exogenous thymidine on endogenous deoxynucleotides and mutagenesis
      in mammalian cells.
AB  - The intracellular deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools in mammalian cells
      affect diverse biological functions including the spontaneous or induced
      mutability. We have isolated from murine T-lymphosarcoma S49 cells, a mutant that
      is unable to convert dCMP to dUMP, contains deranged intracellular dNTP pools,
      and exhibits a mutator phenotype. The enzymatic defect in araC-6-1 cells is a
      deficiency of deoxycytidylate deaminase, which accounts for the high dCTP and low
      TTP intracellular pools. The addition of increasing concentrations of exogenous
      thymidine to araC-6-1 cells alters these dNTP pools in a predictable manner:
      increasing the TTP and diminishing the dCTP. Concomitant with this reversal of
      the dCTP:TTP ratio is a marked decrease in the mutation rate followed by an
      increase in the mutation rates at higher exogenous thymidine concentrations. This
      response of the mutation rate is in contrast to that seen in the control cell
      line containing normal deoxycytidylate deaminase. In the latter case, increasing
      thymidine concentration induces an enhanced mutation rate that parallels the
      later phase of the thymidine-induced mutation rate in araC-6-1 cells. The
      deficiency of deoxycytidylate deaminase, the endogeneous dNTP pool alterations,
      and the mutator phenotype of araC-6-1 cells are all recessive traits in cell-cell
      hybrids. These observations allow one to predict whether exogenous thymidine will
      be mutagenic, antimutagenic, or both for a given cell line and provide a basis
      for understanding conflicting reports in the literature concerning the effects of
      the thymidine on genomic stability.

PMID- 3875902
TI  - [Studies of the mechanisms of human B-cell activation. IV. Abnormalities at the B
      cell level in patients with Behcet's disease].

PMID- 3875903
TI  - Diaphragm pacing in the treatment of ventilatory failure.
AB  - Thirty years of clinical and technical research have produced a reliable
      apparatus for diaphragm pacing. This entails electrical stimulation to the
      phrenic nerve by a remote radio-frequency transmitter. Prerequisites for
      diaphragm pacing are adequate alveolar gas exchange, an intact phrenic nerve and
      diaphragm muscle, and a co-operative patient for the prolonged period of
      rehabilitation. Diaphragm pacing has been used in cases of central alveolar
      hypoventilation and chronic obstructive airway disease, as well as for lesions of
      the cervical cord. To avoid fatigue and possible irreversible injury to the
      muscle, the right and left hemidiaphragms are paced alternately. We demonstrate
      the effectiveness of diaphragm pacing for long-term artificial respiration in a
      patient with transection of the cord at C3/4. The decisive benefit of diaphragm
      pacing for the quadriplegic patient is that it renders him free of dependence on
      a mechanical ventilator with its associated social and psychological impediments.

PMID- 3875904
TI  - Exercise-induced ST-segment elevation possibly caused by coronary artery spasm. A
      case presentation and review.
AB  - A 36-year-old man with classic angina pectoris had marked ST-segment elevation
      (STE) in the inferior leads on stress-testing in the absence of chest pain. There
      was no evidence of previous myocardial infarction (MI). Selective coronary
      arteriography delineated severe obstructions in the right coronary artery (RCA)
      with additional left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) obstruction. Left
      ventricular cine-angiography established that there was normal contractility and
      confirmed the absence of past MI. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery to the RCA
      and LCx was unfortunately complicated by an acute transmural inferoposterolateral
      MI. Treadmill stress testing 6 weeks after surgery failed to demonstrate the
      preoperative ST-segment change. The patient may have developed exercise-induced
      coronary artery spasm superimposed on the severe proximal RCA stenosis; this in
      turn may have caused the inferior STE. Exercise-induced STE is reviewed.

PMID- 3875905
TI  - Meningiomas of the lateral ventricles. Clinical, neuroradiologic, and surgical
      considerations in 19 cases.
AB  - The clinical and neuroradiologic findings and surgical results in a series of 19
      patients with lateral ventricle meningioma, operated on during a 33-year period,
      are described. This experience is compared with that of previous workers and the
      following conclusions are drawn: these tumors have no characteristic symptoms;
      preoperative diagnosis requires both computed tomography scans and carotid and
      vertebral angiography; the safest surgical approach is through a sagittal or
      oblique parietooccipital cortical incision to avoid damage to motor, visual, and
      speech areas of the cortex.

PMID- 3875906
TI  - Evidence for complement activation by protamine-heparin interaction after
      cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - Complement activation by the alternate pathway has been implicated in the
      pathophysiology of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and laboratory studies suggest
      that the complement cascade may be activated by the protamine-heparin complex. To
      determine if the administration of protamine to patients receiving heparin
      activates complement, we studied 100 patients undergoing CPB by assaying levels
      of C3a and C4a (classic pathway) at regular intervals before and after protamine
      administration. In group I (90 patients), protamine was given at the usual
      interval (median 5 minutes) after CPB. In group II (10 patients), protamine was
      withheld until skin closure (median 45 minutes) after CPB. Results demonstrated
      that C4a was not activated during CPB in either group. After CPB, the C4a level
      in group I was 459 ng/dl and increased to 1047 ng/dl 10 minutes after protamine
      administration (p less than 0.001). In group II, the C4a level was 484 ng/dl at
      the end of CPB and 354 ng/dl 15 minutes later, which corresponds to the value
      immediately after protamine administration in group I. The delayed administration
      of protamine in group II caused a significant increase in C4a at the time of skin
      closure (1090 ng/dl; p less than 0.001). Corresponding results from C3a analysis
      before and after protamine administration confirmed the activation of complement
      cascade. Our study provides the first clinical evidence that the protamine
      heparin complex activates complement via the classic (C4a) pathway. The
      hemodynamic effects of protamine after CPB may be related to complement
      activation.

PMID- 3875907
TI  - Urgent relaparotomy: the high-risk, no-choice operation.
AB  - Two thousand six hundred fifty-seven primary laparotomies were performed during a
      50-month period; 192 (7%) of these were relaparotomies within 21 days for
      complications of primary laparotomy. The overall mortality rate was 36% (69/192).
      Relaparotomy for dehiscence (0/15) or obstruction (5%-1/21) carried little risk
      and for abscess a moderate risk (13%-6/47). Relaparotomy for gastrointestinal or
      intraperitoneal hemorrhage entailed higher risks at 44% (4/9) and 27% (6/22),
      respectively. Age was a significant determinant of mortality, being 16% (13/82)
      for less than 50 years of age but 50% (56/110) for greater than 50 years (p less
      than 0.001). The major determinant at all age groups was sepsis, varying from 50%
      (4/8) for patients less than 50 years to 89% (34/38) for patients greater than 50
      years (p less than 0.01). Differentiation was made between localized intra
      abdominal infection (IAS-1) and nonlocalized/systemic infection (IAS-2): the
      mortality rate for 47 patients with IAS-1 was 13% and for IAS-2 83% (p less than
      0.001). Urgent relaparotomy is necessary and may be performed safely for
      incisional dehiscence, obstruction, or IAS-1, with low mortality and high patient
      salvage rates. Directed relaparotomy for IAS-2 carries a high mortality rate but
      is the only means of patient salvage. Nondirected relaparotomy for multiple
      system and organ failure alone without supportive clinical or radiologic findings
      was futile, with a 13% (2/15) rate of positive exploration (p less than 0.001)
      and no patient salvage.

PMID- 3875908
TI  - Portal versus systemic venous drainage for small-bowel allografts.
AB  - The effect of portal venous drainage (PV-D) on the survival of accessory small
      bowel allografts was studied in a rat model. In the LBN-F1----LEW combination
      (rejection reaction only), grafts with caval venous drainage (CV-D) were rejected
      acutely (mean 11.8 days) and those with PV-D were rejected chronically (mean,
      22.8 days). In the LEW----LBN-F1 combination, the survival of recipients subject
      perforce to a fatal graft-versus-host reaction was not influenced by the type of
      venous drainage used (CV-D: 14.1 days; PV-D: 14.8 days). These findings suggest
      that the delaying influence of the liver on the rejection process is not due to
      unspecific filtration of antigens but must involve their specific recognition or
      alteration. In the BN----LEW combination, in which rejection and the graft-versus
      host reaction occur simultaneously, the type of venous drainage used did not
      influence graft survival (CV-D: 16.2 days; PV-D: 15.5 days), nor did it modify
      the rejection process. This indicates that the liver has a minor effect on the
      rejection process, sufficient to inhibit the rejection of semiallogeneic LBN-F1
      grafts but insufficient to alter the rejection of allogeneic BN grafts by LEW
      recipients. With CV-D, LBN-F1 grafts were rejected as rapidly as were BN grafts.
      This unexpected finding may be explained by the fact that in the LBN-F1----LEW
      combination only rejection occurs, unimpeded by a graft-versus-host reaction,
      which is known to impair the immune system of the recipient; in the BN----LEW
      combination, however, the graft-versus-host reaction temporarily opposes the
      rejection reaction, thereby allowing prolonged graft survival.

PMID- 3875909
TI  - Spontaneous lymphocyte activity: an important but neglected component of the
      immunologic profile of the thermally injured patient.
AB  - Controversy exists over whether lymphocyte mitogenic activity decreases after
      thermal injury, as well as whether the decreased activity is of clinical
      significance. Therefore to characterize the pattern of postburn lymphocyte
      dysfunction, the rates of the patient's spontaneous (SBT) and stimulated (mitogen
      phytohemagglutinin) lymphocyte blastogenesis were measured and correlated with
      the biologic effect of the patient's serum and lymphokines on control mononuclear
      cell blastogenesis. The SBT increased after thermal injury (p less than 0.01) in
      contrast to the mitogenic-induced blastogenic response, which was either normal
      or decreased depending on the mechanics of data analysis. The level of SBT
      elevation but not stimulated lymphocyte activity would identify patients who had
      sepsis (p less than 0.05). The changes in lymphocyte activity could not be
      explained by the presence of circulating serum mediators or the biologic effect
      of soluble mononuclear cell products (lymphokines). The results of these
      experiments clearly document that after thermal injury lymphocytes are being
      activated in vivo even when the patient's serum is suppressive and the
      phytohemagglutinin-stimulated activity is depressed. Therefore the level of SBT
      must be taken into consideration when lymphocyte function is evaluated after
      thermal injury.

PMID- 3875911
TI  - HLA-A, B, DR antigens and insulin-dependent diabetes in Algerians.
AB  - HLA-A, B and DR antigens have been investigated in insulin-dependent diabetics
      and compared to controls in a population of Algerians. A decrease of A1 and DR2
      and an increase of Aw 19.2; B8, B18 and especially DR3 were found in diabetics in
      comparison to controls. The strongest association was found for DR3, which is a
      good genetic marker of IDD (RR = 8.50) in this population. The frequency of some
      HLA antigen associations in IDD suggests that the diabetic gene(s) is linked to 2
      main haplotypes: Aw 19.2; B18; DR3 and Aw 19.2; B8; DR3. Antigen DR4 was equally
      represented in IDD (21%) and controls (28.4%), but heterozygote DR3-DR4 was more
      frequent in diabetics. The relation between IDD and HLA antigens found in the
      Algerian population is very similar to that described in diabetic Caucasian
      populations of southern Europe, except for the lack of association with DR4.

PMID- 3875910
TI  - Diagnosis of pulmonary complications of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - Forty eight patients with the acquired immunedeficiency syndrome (AIDS) presented
      to the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York with persistent cough and dyspnoea or an
      abnormal chest radiograph, or both. Thirty two (67%) were found to have
      Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, either alone or in combination with another
      pathogen. Of these patients, eight (25%) had a normal chest radiograph.
      Abnormalities in the single breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity and
      alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient [A-a) DO2) suggested infection with
      Pneumocystis carinii. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy was 100%
      sensitive in the diagnosis of pneumocytis pneumonia. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy
      should be undertaken in patients suspected of having a pulmonary complication of
      AIDS, even if the chest radiograph is normal.

PMID- 3875912
TI  - The human leucocyte P30 antigen: properties and assessment of value as a clonal
      marker.
AB  - FMC3 and FMC29 are monoclonal antibodies which react with a 30,000 Dalton
      molecule expressed on the lymphocyte surface membrane. The molecule is a protein
      which does not appear to be N-glycosylated. The antigen, which is also expressed
      intracellularly, does not appear to be a marker of differentiation or maturation.
      Polyclonal cell populations, such as peripheral blood lymphocytes, show a bimodal
      distribution of surface antigen density, whilst monoclonal cell populations
      analysed quantitatively showed unimodal antigen density distributions. This
      suggests the antigen may be a clonal marker.

PMID- 3875913
TI  - Protection of mice against the lethal effects of sodium metavanadate: a
      quantitative comparison of a number of chelating agents.
AB  - 10 Chelating agents were administered to mice by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection
      in order to compare their relative effectiveness in preventing death after a
      single i.p. injection of NaVO3. Ascorbic acid, Tiron (4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene
      disulfonic acid) and deferoxamine were the most effective antidotes for acute
      NaVO3-toxicity. The therapeutic index of ascorbic acid against 0.61 mmol/kg NaVO3
      was found to be 95.2. This was 4.6 and 12.2 times greater than those of Tiron and
      Deferoxamine respectively. L-Cysteine greater than Na2CaEDTA greater than
      Na3CaDTPA reduced the acute mortality of mice following i.p. injection of NaVO3.
      Sodium salicylate, D,L-penicillamine, DMSA and DDC were not effective as
      antidotes for acute NaVO3-toxicity.

PMID- 3875914
TI  - Biological and clinical properties of THF.

PMID- 3875915
TI  - Lectin effects on thymic suppression of hemagglutinin production in vitro by
      spleen fragments from Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad.
AB  - Suppression of hemagglutinin (HA) production was studied in co-cultures of thymus
      and spleen fragments from the South African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis.
      Concanavalin (Con)A and peanut (PNA) and wheatgerm (WGA)agglutinins were tested
      in conjunction with, or as a substitute for antigenic induction of thymus
      suppression. While thymuses from animals injected with PNA or WGA and antigen
      expressed suppressor function, those treated with Con A and antigen did not.
      Spleen fragments from animals challenged with PNA or WGA and antigen were
      resistant to suppression by normal thymus in reciprocal co-cultures; those
      receiving Con A and antigen alone were equally suppressible. All three lectins
      can substitute for antigen in the induction of thymus suppression. However, only
      PNA and WGA induce suppressor function in Xenopus spleen. Since WGA can induce
      splenic suppression in adult thymectomized animals, it is now possible to
      distinguish thymic and peripheral aspects of suppression of HA in this primitive
      vertebrate.

PMID- 3875916
TI  - Mucosal immunity and the eye.

PMID- 3875917
TI  - Enhancement of endothelial plasminogen activator synthesis by lymphokines.
AB  - Long-term cultures of pig aortic endothelial (E) cells secrete plasminogen
      activator (PA). When these cells were cultured with murine lymphokine(s) produced
      in response to antigen, mitogen, or allogeneic stimuli, there was consistently
      increased PA secretion by E cells. The evidence suggests that initiator of
      plasminogen activator (IPA) is produced by a nylon-wool--nonadherent cell,
      probably a T cell. The kinetics of this activation of PA suggest that the effect
      of IPA on E cells is considerably delayed compared with that on phagocytic cells.
      The significance of these findings is discussed in terms of their possible
      relationship to several immunopathological states.

PMID- 3875918
TI  - Quantitation of T lymphocytes in human bone marrow by a limiting dilution assay.
AB  - A limiting-dilution microculture assay (LDMA) for quantitation of T lymphocytes
      in human bone marrow is described. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-responsive T cells
      are maintained in interleukin 2 (IL-2)-containing medium with feeder cells in a
      total volume of 20 microliter. After 16 days of culture, each well is scored by
      microscopic examination as positive or negative based on the presence or absence
      of cell growth. A limiting dilution analysis of the relationship between the
      number of cells seeded per well and the fraction of wells without growth
      demonstrate that the data are consistent with single-hit kinetics. Minimum chi
      square statistics were used to establish the line of best fit to calculate the T
      lymphocyte frequency in a sample. This method for enumeration of T cells was
      applied to untreated samples of bone marrow, soybean-agglutinin-negative (SBA-)
      marrow, and soybean-agglutinin-negative marrow cells subjected to a single sheep
      red blood cell (SRBC) rosette (SBA-E-) or double SRBC rosette (SBA-E-E-)
      depletion. It was demonstrated that the LDMA can detect as few as 4.3 X 10(5) T
      cells in a total of 10(9) bone marrow mononuclear cells. The assay system also
      allows for a comparison of T lymphocytes in the untreated marrow with the T-cell
      depleted marrow samples. The mean number of T cells in untreated marrow was 1 X
      10(9) and in T-cell-depleted samples 4.3 X 10(5). This corresponds to a 3.5 log
      or 99.96% reduction in total T cell number by the SBA-E-rosette technique. The
      phenotypic analysis of single positive wells as well as pooled cells from all
      positive wells indicate that at least 95% of the wells scored microscopically as
      positive for T cell growth did in fact contain T cells. The assay requires only 1
      X 10(6) mononuclear cells for complete analysis and, therefore, compares
      favorably with previously published methods.

PMID- 3875920
TI  - Symposium on canine hematopoietic tumors.

PMID- 3875919
TI  - [Use of trisamine for treating patients with cochleovestibular disorders].

PMID- 3875921
TI  - Lymphoid leukemia in the dog. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - True lymphoid leukemia of bone-marrow origin may present as two distinct clinical
      forms in the dog. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a rapidly progressive disease
      associated with proliferation of malignant, undifferentiated lymphoblasts.
      Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a more insidious form of malignancy associated
      with abnormal proliferation of small lymphocytes. Recognition of these clinically
      distinct forms of leukemia and their differentiation from lymphosarcoma are
      important in considering prognosis and approach to therapy.

PMID- 3875922
TI  - Canine diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis.
AB  - The radiographic and necropsy findings in a case of canine diffuse idiopathic
      skeletal hyperostosis are reported. Radiographically, the disease was
      characterized by progressive development of para-articular mineral densities
      along joint surfaces of the appendicular skeleton; progressive osseous fusion of
      the ilium, pubis, femur, and ischium; and progressive flowing ossification of the
      dorsal spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae. The para-articular
      lesions were considered to develop as a consequence of fibrocartilaginous
      proliferation followed by endochondral ossification. Progression of the
      ossification process led to para-articular joint fusion and almost complete
      ossification of the metaplastic cartilage. A distinguishing feature was the
      sparing of intra-articular structures.

PMID- 3875923
TI  - Streptococcal meningitis in pigs.

PMID- 3875924
TI  - Immunity to Babesia in mice. III. The effects of corticosteroids and anti
      thymocyte serum on mice immune to Babesia rodhaini.
AB  - BALB/c mice, immunized against Babesia rodhaini by an amicarbalide controlled
      infection, were exposed to selective immunosuppressive treatment with
      corticosteroids and anti-thymocyte serum (ATS) respectively. Hydrocortisone
      acetate, 100 mg/kg, given i.p. six times during the three weeks after challenge
      inoculation caused a rising parasitaemia and high mortality (6/7). Dexamethasone
      in the drinking water at 20 mg/l or 10 mg/l for 22 days had a similar suppressive
      effect on the protection against B. rodhaini. Mortality, 100% at the dose rate of
      20 mg/l and 50% at 10 mg/l, occurred both in challenged and in carrier animals
      after the reappearance of parasites in the bloodstream. All the ATS-treated
      immune mice demonstrated parasitaemia after challenge, although at a lower level
      than did the corticosteroid treated mice. Seven out of 9 animals died.
      Corticosteroid-sensitive macrophages together with T-lymphocytes are considered
      to play an important role in protection against B. rodhaini in specifically
      induced immunity in mice.

PMID- 3875925
TI  - [T and B lymphocytes in bone marrow suppression].

PMID- 3875926
TI  - [Personal experience in studying the exocrine function of the pancreas using
      Spofagnost].

PMID- 3875927
TI  - [Rheumatoid arthritis with antinuclear antibodies in the blood].

PMID- 3875928
TI  - [Transcutaneous electrostimulation--method leading to a permeation system of
      electroanalgesia in oncological practice].
AB  - Analgetic transcutaneous electrostimulation with the newly-designed Soviet-made
      ELIMAN-101 installation was used for treatment of tumor-induced pain in 84 cases
      (as a component of general intraoperative anesthesia--in 29, for postoperative
      pain--54, for analgesia in cases of advanced tumor--in 11 patients).
      Intraoperative application of the said procedure resulted in a 2.4-fold decrease
      in phentanyl consumption. In early postoperative period, pain was relieved in
      65.6% and alleviated in 34.5% of patients, the latter requiring non-narcotic
      drugs as an adjunct to electroanalgetic treatment. Transcutaneous
      electrostimulation offered an adequate means for management of chronic cancer
      pain. The procedure did not involve resistance development and ensured a nearly 6
      fold decrease in opiates consumption.

PMID- 3875929
TI  - [Profuse internal bleeding as a complication of a myoma of the small intestine].

PMID- 3875931
TI  - An investigation into the effect of reagent volume on the spin indirect
      antiglobulin test.
AB  - Three polyspecific antiglobulin reagents were tested in a spin antiglobulin
      technique with 51 antibodies of varying blood group specificities in which the
      volume of antiglobulin reagent used ranged from 1 volume (35 microliters) to 3
      volumes (105 microliters). Statistical analysis of results showed that a
      significant decrease in avidity and agglutination scores occurred as the volume
      of antiglobulin reagent used was increased ('volume effect'). The volume effect
      was shown by 33/51 (65%) of antibodies with all three antiglobulin reagents and
      by 48/51 (94%) of antibodies with at least one antiglobulin reagent. Only 3/51
      (6%) failed to show the volume effect with all three antiglobulin reagents.

PMID- 3875930
TI  - [Cellular and humoral immunity of volunteers consuming diets with various protein
      levels].
AB  - Eight male volunteers were examined for the functions of T and B lymphocytes
      (blast transformation reaction, leukocyte migration inhibition test, lymphocyte
      cytotoxicity, suppressor activity, measurement of IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD and IgE in
      blood serum, and concentration of natural staphylococcal antibodies) in the
      background of varying protein supply of the body. Reduction of the protein quota
      (5 to 9 g/day according to nitrogen) in the diet led to inhibition of the
      activity of immunocompetent cells.

PMID- 3875932
TI  - Diagnosis and management of lower gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage.

PMID- 3875933
TI  - Characterization of pirenzepine interaction with cytochrome P-450.
AB  - Pirenzepine interacts with the haem iron of cytochrome P-450 from rat-and pig
      liver microsomes, to give absorption spectra with max. at 424-429 nm, and min. at
      391-399 nm. Binding to cytochrome P-450 was not detected with human-liver
      microsomes. Inhibition of 7-ethoxycoumarin dealkylation by pirenzepine using rat
      liver microsomes gave values of I50 = 5 mM and Kis = 0.53 mM. E.p.r. spectra
      showed that pirenzepine probably interacts with the haem iron through the
      pirenzepine N-4(1) tertiary amine group.

PMID- 3875934
TI  - The effects of variations in pH and temperature on the activation of mouse
      thymocytes by both forms of rabbit interleukin-1.
AB  - We studied the responses of unpurified mouse thymocytes and of peanut agglutinin
      negative mouse thymocytes to the pI 7.3 form of rabbit Interleukin-1. We found
      that small increases of temperature strongly enhanced the mitogenic effect of
      this form of IL-1, and that the apparent temperature optimum was 37 degrees C. In
      both these respects the behavior of the pI 7.3 IL-1 resembled the previously
      described behavior of pI 5.0 IL-1. We suspected that the low apparent temperature
      optimum for IL-1 action was due to inadequate pH control by the bicarbonate
      buffered medium. Experiments showed that small decreases in medium pH strongly
      inhibited the mitogenic action of both forms of IL-1. Furthermore, if thymocytes
      were stimulated with either form of IL-1 in strongly buffered media, the
      temperature optimum was at least 39 degrees C. The pI 7.3 and pI 5.0 forms of IL
      1 are known to differ both biochemically and immunologically. Our experimental
      discovery that their temperature sensitivities are much the same suggests that
      temperature sensitivity is a property of the T cell rather than of the IL-1
      molecules themselves.

PMID- 3875935
TI  - The poised B cell: lymphokines induce an Ia-increase and antigen-presenting
      function in B cells.
AB  - Individual murine B cells express a wide range of Ia densities on the plasma
      membrane. Here we demonstrate that a dramatic increase in B-cell Ia could be
      induced by overnight exposure to an uncharacterized lymphokine (LK). Membrane I-A
      and I-E molecules were both increased after LK treatment, whereas membrane IgM
      remained unchanged. Two subpopulations of B cells were identified, based on their
      requirements for expressing maximal Ia; one subpopulation required only LK, the
      other required both LK and T cells in the overnight culture. Functional changes
      accompanied the Ia increase. The functional capacity to present antigens to T
      cells was lacking in normal resting B cells, but was acquired following LK
      treatment. We suggest that the LK-treated B cell has achieved a new
      differentiation state, one of preparation for interaction with T cells. We term
      this state the "poised" B cell, and propose that B cells in the poised state may
      significantly contribute to T-cell activation as antigen-presenting cells.
      Moreover, poised B cells may themselves find an advantage over normal B cells in
      successfully acquiring T-cell help.

PMID- 3875937
TI  - [Epidemiology and control of breast cancer].

PMID- 3875936
TI  - The search for an endogenous activator.
AB  - Certain febrile diseases are unaccompanied by infection or apparent
      hypersensitivity. In myocardial infarction or pulmonary embolism, for example,
      fever has been attributed to inflammation and/or tissue necrosis. Exogenous
      (microbial) pyrogens stimulate both human and animal monocytes/macrophages to
      produce endogenous pyrogen (EP) in vitro. To determine if plasma and cellular
      endogeneous mediators (EMs) of inflammation induced EP production, human
      mononuclear cells (M/L) were incubated for 18 hours with varying amounts of EM
      and the supernates assayed for EP in rabbits. Neutrophils (PMNs), which do not
      generate EP and yet are a feature of acute inflammation, were tested. Neither
      viable, phorbol myristic acetate-stimulated PMNs nor sonicated PMNs, red blood
      cells, or M/L stimulated human monocytes to produce EP. Human C3b and C5a, which
      mediate phagocytosis and chemotaxis, respectively, were also inactive. Despite
      its chemoattractant properties, the synthetic peptide FMLP failed to induce EP
      release. Since Poly I:Poly C (PIC: a synthetic, double-stranded RNA) is a potent
      pyrogen in rabbits, we investigated PIC, as well as a native, single-stranded RNA
      (from E. coli) and DNA (from calf thymus). None was active in vitro, and only PIC
      caused fever when given to rabbits intravenously. In summary, we have been unable
      to find an endogenous activator of EP from human monocytes to explain fevers
      associated with inflammation alone.

PMID- 3875938
TI  - [Gastroesophageal reflux--cause of hemorrhaging esophageal varices?].
AB  - The results of the examinations do not depend on the peptic theory of the
      haemorrhage of the oesophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis, since
      the relative frequency of reflux troubles and of gastrooesophageal reflux in
      patients with liver cirrhosis and haemorrhage of the oesophageal varices was not
      found greater than in patients with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices
      without haemorrhage as well as the combination of reflux oesophagitis and
      oesophageal varices was rarely to be observed in the endoscopic material.

PMID- 3875939
TI  - [Surgical therapy of acute myocardial infarction].
AB  - All over the world the therapy of acute myocardial infarction has concentrated
      upon saving the ischaemically injured, but still viable cells of the myocardium.
      Also the acute coronary surgery, which among our groups of coronary-surgical
      patients has a proportion of 3.5% with 41 patients, answers this purpose. The
      preferred indication groups for acute coronary-surgical operations are the
      occlusion of the vessel after coronary dilation and the condition after
      intracoronary fibrinolysis. In these 22 patients the hospital lethality was only
      4.5%. The reasonable active approach in acute myocardial infarction, particularly
      the combination fibrinolysis - acute coronary surgery, is a hopeful enlargement
      of the previous therapy for the highly imperilled patients with myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 3875940
TI  - [Experiences with emergency endoscopic diagnosis in upper gastrointestinal
      hemorrhage].
AB  - In a retrospectives study of emergency endoscopies of the years 1981-1984 the
      value of emergency endoscopy for therapy is estimated in 133 patients. In a high
      diagnostic reliability of 94% positive prognostic trends for the further fate of
      the patients are demonstrated. The lethality of the upper gastrointestinal
      haemorrhage was 17.2%.

PMID- 3875941
TI  - [Monthly and seasonal distribution of gastric and duodenal ulcer in an endoscopy
      study group].
AB  - The question of a monthly and seasonal dependence of the gastroduodenal ulcers
      was attended to. The gastroscopic reports of a period of 5 years were evaluated.
      Here, 2,497 florid ulcers were found, 1,114 in the stomach (= 10.4%) and 1,383 in
      the duodenum (= 13.2%). Neither monthly nor seasonally an accumulation could be
      established. On the contrary a nearly regular distribution was found, so that in
      accordance with other authors a seasonal dependence of the ulcerous disease
      cannot be derived.

PMID- 3875942
TI  - [Biopsy and autopsy frequency of myocarditis].
AB  - Mononuclear infiltrations indicative for myocarditis were found in 3 out of 171
      left ventricular biopsies from patients with cardiomyopathies (1.2%). One patient
      had a normal EF, one had a minimally and one a markedly reduced ventricular
      function. Among 5,804 consecutive necropsies myocarditis was diagnosed in 308
      cases (5.3%). 1.3% were septic in origin while mononuclear infiltrations were
      found in 3.7% and special morphology in 0.3%. Combined detailed analysis both of
      clinical and autopsy data could be performed in 84 patients who had died in our
      own hospital. 82 patients had severe additional diseases determining clinical
      symptoms and course. Myocarditis without other underlying diseases was found in 2
      patients only. Infiltrations were widespread and diffuse in both ventricles and
      atria in these cases. Myocardial inflammation could not be diagnosed from
      clinical parameters (X-ray, symptoms, ECG) in any case. Our bioptical data
      demonstrate that myocarditis does not play a major role in the pathogenesis of
      dilated cardiomyopathies. Diffuse myocarditis of clinical relevance rarely occurs
      in adults while focal myocardial infiltrations can be found in a majority of
      diseases. Reliable clinical symptoms indicative for inflammatory myocardial
      disease could be found neither in cases with concomitant nor in patients with
      diffuse myocarditis.

PMID- 3875943
TI  - [Pathologico-anatomic cancer diagnosis in the aged--principles and basic data].
AB  - The occurrence of various forms of cancer is generally more frequently observed
      in elderly persons. But this phenomenon is not correlated to or a consequence of
      the natural ageing process. In this study, observed frequencies of carcinogenesis
      within defined stages of the life cycle are presented. It was found that the
      dynamics of cancerogenesis is different with increasing age. The principle
      cancerogenetic effects are thought to occur ultimately at the genetic level in
      somatic cells. Therefore the specific compartmentalization of rapidly
      proliferating cells within individual tumors can be used as a criterion for
      diagnostics such as prognosis of tumor growth and correlation to the malignancy
      grading. In addition, it is emphasized that tumor diagnostics is particularly
      important for elderly persons in order to make the real value of early detection
      schemes accurate. The second part of the study concerns a catalogue of tumor
      localizations grouped for both sexes. For men this includes the respiratory
      tract, stomach, prostatic gland, large intestine, rectum, skin including
      melanomas, urinary bladder, erythropoietic system, and pancreas. For women the
      following localizations are listed: mammary gland, large intestine, stomach,
      ovaries, uterus, rectum, lung, skin including melanomas and gall bladder.

PMID- 3875944
TI  - [Cancer and age or: Cancer as a finite urn model].
AB  - The consideration is based on a finite urn model (drawn balls are not returned).
      One important conclusion is that increasing effects of selection on the surviving
      population are to be assumed only by selection of death. Inaccuracy of official
      death rates results from insufficiency in registration of the confidential part
      of death certificates. 57% (in females) and 58% (in males) of all malignant
      tumors (based on examinations in the presented autopsy material) are found beyond
      the age of 60. More rare than expected are multiple tumors: formal arguments for
      this are discussed, the phenomenon being explained by a considerably increased
      death rate. The spectrum of target organs for metastases in the age groups (over
      60 years) is tabulated for the oesophagus, stomach, colon-rectum, lung, mamma and
      prostata as primary tumor localization. As it matastasizes each primary tumor
      localization shows a specific time course and a specific organ selection. The
      correlation between malignant tumors and concomitant non tumorous diseases is
      given special attention. The latter are regarded as indicator for the
      pathogenesis of tumor diseases. The conclusions are that the remaining population
      in the urn model is highly selected. This becomes more pronounced in the older
      and most advanced age groups.

PMID- 3875945
TI  - Enhancement of immunogenic activity of ribosomal preparations from Haemophilus
      influenzae by various adjuvants.
AB  - Ribosomes from Haemophilus influenzae type b have been reported to have
      immunoprotective activity in animals that can be enhanced by adjuvants. In this
      report we evaluated the adjuvant activity of several compounds in conjunction
      with ribosomes from the b and c serotypes of H. influenzae. Alhydrogel, saponin,
      and DPT were found to significantly enhance the immunoprotective response in
      mice, equalling or exceeding the activity of Freund's incomplete adjuvant. All of
      these adjuvants also enhanced significantly the IgM response of mice to sheep red
      blood cells. Ribosomes were also found to enhance this response. Among the
      compounds failing to provide adjuvant activity for ribosomes were poly(A:U),
      muramyl dipeptide, mycobacterial extract, dimethylglycine, methylated bovine
      serum albumin, sodium diethylthiocarbamate, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.

PMID- 3875946
TI  - [Association of the HLA system with vitiligo].

PMID- 3875947
TI  - [Effectiveness of treatment of various forms of gonorrhea with doxycycline and
      its combination with biseptol and levamisole].

PMID- 3875949
TI  - [Use of plasmapheresis in dermatology].

PMID- 3875948
TI  - [Clinico-immunological characteristics of Kaposi's disease].

PMID- 3875950
TI  - [Concentration of protease inhibitor alpha 1-antitrypsin in the blood of patients
      with inflammatory periodontal disease].

PMID- 3875951
TI  - [The LeVeen peritoneovenous shunt--an alternative in therapy-resistant ascites].
AB  - 6 patients with therapy resistant ascites underwent implantation of a Le-Veen
      shunt. The risk of infection in this procedure is low, the surgical technique can
      easily be handled. In all 6 patients a significant reduction of the ascites could
      be demonstrated. Postoperatively, a right ventricular insufficiency could be
      observed in every case and, in addition, there were imbalances of the water and
      electrolyte metabolism Disseminated intravascular coagulation could not be
      traced.

PMID- 3875952
TI  - [Esophageal function scintigraphy following sclerosing therapy].
AB  - Sclerotherapy in oesophageal variceal bleeding and portal hypertension is a
      standardized method. Gastro-oesophageal reflux-scintigraphy was performed in 18
      from 90 patients. Augmented reflux of gastric acid and signs of insufficiency
      could not be shown. Our results indicate that a general treatment for avoiding a
      relapse of variceal bleeding by reflux is not necessary.

PMID- 3875953
TI  - [Hemorrhage of esophageal varices in child B and C patients. Results of
      sclerosing therapy].
AB  - In a 3-years period 51 patients with acute bleeding oesophageal varices with
      Child-stadium B and C were admitted to our department. Endoscopic sclerosing
      therapy was performed during emergency endoscopy. --The analysis of these
      patients indicates, that unsuccessful conservative treatment before endoscopic
      sclerosing therapy has a negative influence on the outcome of our patients. This
      fact should be kept in mind when results of this study are compared with other
      studies. Fatal prognostic criteria are early recurrent bleeding within the first
      24 h after emergency endoscopy, thrombocytopenia and a deficiency of fibrinogen.
      The latter is an indication for ballon tamponade of the varices in the distal
      oesophagus even after successful endoscopic hemostasis.

PMID- 3875954
TI  - Comparative study of selective shunts v.s. nonshunt procedures in the treatment
      of esophageal varices.
AB  - Results of selective shunts and nonshunt procedures in elective treatment of
      esophagogastric varices were retrospectively evaluated. There were 40 patients
      undergoing selective shunts; 31 distal splenorenal shunts and 9 left gastric vena
      caval shunts. Thirty-three patients underwent nonshunt procedures; 9 esophageal
      transections, 11 transections or resections of the cardia, and 13 Hassab
      procedures. Operative mortality rate (0.05 less than P less than 0.1) and
      incidence of recurrent variceal bleeding (0.1 less than P less than 0.2) tended
      to be higher in the nonshunt group than in the selective shunt group.
      Postoperative hepatic encephalopathy was seen in three patients of the selective
      and in one instance of the nonshunt groups. The late survival and rehabilitation
      status of the patients were similar in both groups. The present results, although
      not prospectively randomized, seem to indicate that selective shunts are
      preferred to nonshunt procedures in the elective treatment of esophagogastric
      varices.

PMID- 3875955
TI  - [Therapeutic efforts and prenatal modification of selected disordered
      fetomaternal relations].
AB  - Based on the current view about disturbances of the feto-materno-placental unit
      we examined 37 women with suspected intrauterine fetal growth retardation and 12
      women with threatened premature labor and looked for possibilities of antenatal
      therapeutic influence of nutritive, respiratory, endocrine and hemodynamic
      insufficiency. In a randomized study we can prove a normal increase of the
      distance between symphysis pubis and fundus as well, as the biparietal diameter
      not only following bedrest but also following bedrest with additional intravenous
      infusion of glucose respectively oral application of galactose. The high rate of
      hypotrophic babies is no argument against a positive influence on nutritive
      insufficiency, but the acquired retardation can not be compensated totally.
      Neither a positive influence on the endocrine insufficiency nor the moderate
      respiratory one could be found. As well by maternal transcutaneous nerval
      stimulation as by maternal oxygen inhalation an oral long-term tocolysis we can
      demonstrate a considerable improvement of the uteroplacental perfusion measured
      with isotopes. These positive aspects are basis for further investigations. An
      important supposition to a successful therapy remains an early diagnosis.

PMID- 3875956
TI  - Clinical factors predisposing to major ulcer bleeding. A logistic regression
      analysis.
AB  - In a consecutive series of patients with bleeding from peptic ulcer, a logistic
      regression analysis was used to evaluate clinical factors as predictors of major
      hemorrhage. A hemodynamic assessment distinguished between self-limiting
      hemorrhage requiring no treatment (190 patients) and major bleeding necessitating
      emergency surgery (86 patients). Most data, including patient age and sex,
      previous bleeding, and pulse rate, blood pressure and hematocrit on admission,
      were poor predictors of major ulcer bleeding. A few variables--onset of
      hemorrhage, appearance of hematemesis and site of ulcer--were statistically of
      predictive importance, but clinically only in combination. When one of the
      selected predictor variables was present, the risk of major hemorrhage did not
      statistically exceed the prior probability. When combined in pairs, the
      probability increased, primarily when duodenal ulcer or red hematemesis was
      present. When the patients presented with three of the selected predictor
      variables, the probability of major ulcer hemorrhage was markedly increased.
      However, only 8% of the patients presented with three of the selected variables.
      Clinical factors, therefore, contribute in general little in prediction of major
      hemorrhage form peptic ulcer.

PMID- 3875957
TI  - Cold reactive lymphocytotoxic activity in autoimmune thyroid disease.
AB  - An increased incidence of cold-reactive lymphocytotoxic activity (LCTA) has been
      demonstrated in the sera of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Twenty-six
      of 79 (33%) patients with Graves' disease and 9 of 21 (43%) patients with
      Hashimoto's thyroiditis had cold-reactive LCTA detected by microcytotoxicity
      assay compared to 6 of 42 (14%) normal controls. There was no correlation between
      LCTA and age, sex, MCHA titre or TGHA titre. A positive correlation with FTI and
      LCTA in Hashimoto's patients was demonstrated, but no such correlation was
      demonstrable in Graves' patients. The lymphocytotoxic activity was directed
      preferentially against B cells. There was no preferential lysis of T-cell subsets
      as defined by monoclonal antibodies, and the lymphocytotoxins were equally
      reactive with normal lymphocytes and toxic Graves' lymphocytes. The significance
      of cold-reactive lymphocytotoxic activity in the pathogenesis of autoimmune
      thyroid disease remains to be determined.

PMID- 3875958
TI  - Acquisition of urine, kidney and submandibular gland epidermal growth factor
      responsiveness to thyroxine administration in neonatal mice.
AB  - Thyroxine (T4) administration to newborn mice on days 0-6 produced no measurable
      changes of submandibular gland (SMG) or kidney epidermal growth factor (EGF)
      concentrations on day 7, compared with vehicle-treated control pups. By contrast,
      this regimen caused a large increase in urine EGF levels. The effects of three T4
      injection regimens (on days 0-6, 7-14 and 0-14) were then studied on day 15. The
      0-14 and 7-14 day-regimens elicited large increments in urine, SMG and kidney EGF
      concentration, the 0-14 day-regimen having the greatest effect. The 0-6 day
      regimen had no effect on SMG and kidney EGF concentrations on day 15 but did
      increase urine EGF. In summary, urine EGF responsiveness to T4 is present during
      the first week of life, but SMG and kidney EGF responsiveness develops only in
      the second week. Administration of T4 appears to accelerate the normal ontogeny
      of urine, kidney and SMG EGF.

PMID- 3875959
TI  - [The properties of autostimulatory growth factors for the colony formation of HL
      60 in serum free culture].

PMID- 3875960
TI  - Haemodynamics and myocardial oxygenation during anaesthesia for coronary artery
      surgery: comparison between enflurane and high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia.
AB  - Changes in central and coronary haemodynamics and myocardial oxygenation during
      anaesthesia induction, intubation, skin incision and sternotomy were studied in
      24 patients undergoing a coronary artery bypass grafting operation under either
      high-dose fentanyl or enflurane anaesthesia. The anaesthesia induction caused no
      changes in the coronary haemodynamics in either group, in spite of a marked
      decrease in the coronary perfusion pressure during enflurane induction. In both
      groups a decrease in the coronary sinus blood flow and an increase in the
      coronary vascular resistance was observed after the intubation. At this stage,
      two patients in both groups had a low level of myocardial lactate extraction,
      indicating possible myocardial ischaemia; mean myocardial lactate extraction had
      decreased significantly from the awake level in both groups. A circulatory
      response to surgical stimulation was seen in both groups, although it could be
      somewhat better controlled during enflurane anaesthesia. In the enflurane
      patients the increase in myocardial oxygen demand was accompanied by increased
      coronary flow, while in the fentanyl group the increase in coronary flow was not
      in proportion to the increased oxygen demand, and an increase in myocardial
      oxygen extraction was also seen. During surgery, three fentanyl patients and one
      enflurane patient had a low level of myocardial lactate extraction.

PMID- 3875961
TI  - Prevalence of myopia in school children in Vanuatu.
AB  - The onset of myopia typically occurs in childhood and increases during puberty.
      We studied the vision and refractive errors of 977 school children (ages 6 to 17
      years) in 1983. Myopia in the group was extremely low; 97% had vision of 6/6, and
      1.3% had myopia greater than 0.25D. Regression analysis revealed a change in mean
      refraction of -0.016D/year for males and -0.024D/year for females. There were no
      significant differences between males and females. These children engaged in
      about 8 hours of school work per day, and we conclude that genetic factors
      predominate over environmental factors in the determination of myopic refractive
      errors for this group.

PMID- 3875962
TI  - The concentration of lactoferrin in tears during post-operative ocular
      inflammation.
AB  - Tear concentration of lactoferrin (LF) was measured by an ELISA technique and
      followed in 25 patients undergoing cataract surgery. The pre-operative
      concentration of LF in tears was 773 +/- 60 micrograms/ml (+/- SE) (range: 407
      1514 micrograms/ml). On the first day following surgery, there was a significant
      decrease in tear LF concentration to 377 +/- 45 micrograms/ml followed by a
      gradual return to the initial value during a post-operative observation period of
      twelve days. There was an inverse linear relationship between the LF
      concentration and the tear secretion rate measured by a modified Schirmer I test
      (1 min) suggesting a constant LF secretion rate by the tear glands. The
      contribution of LF from neutrophils to the tear fluid seems to be of minor
      importance. Since LF has known antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, our
      results may contribute to a further understanding of the microbial vulnerability
      or resistance of the eye following surgical procedures.

PMID- 3875963
TI  - Fibronectin in tears following surgical trauma to the eye.
AB  - The concentration of the high molecular glycoprotein fibronectin (FN) was
      measured by an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent technique (ELISA) in tears of 25
      patients before and after cataract extraction. Both native and degraded FN was
      measured. The median concentration of FN in tears before surgery was 0.28 mg/l
      (range: 0.1-3.8 mg/l) and 0.18 mg/l (range: 0.1-1.95 mg/l for degraded and native
      FN, respectively. The time course of the median values of both types of FN during
      the post-operative observation period described a biphasic curve with peaks at
      the second and fifth day following operation. On the twelfth day the
      concentration of degraded and native FN had almost reached pre-operative levels.
      The variation in the post-operative FN concentration proved statistically
      significant. The biological significance of the changes in FN level in the post
      operative period is not obvious; the first peak may be explained by a spill-over
      from plasma, and the second peak may reflect FN production from fibroblasts in
      the granulation tissue of the corneoscleral cicatrix.

PMID- 3875964
TI  - A necropsy study of Pi phenotypes, emphysema, and smoking.
AB  - Pi phenotypes, determined post mortem by isoelectric focusing and immunofixation,
      emphysema, assessed from inflation fixed specimens and smoking history were
      correlated in 186 hospital necropsies. It was possible to determine Pi phenotype
      in 98.4% of the specimens. Phenotype M occurred in 87.5%, MZ in a 8.1%, MS in
      2.1% and FM in 0.5%. An expected association was found between smoking and
      emphysema but not between the Pi phenotypes and emphysema. Thus, while smoking is
      a major aetiological factor, the Pi MZ heterozygous state does not seem to
      predispose to structural emphysema. However, the small number of cases did not
      allow an estimation of the risk of smoking in Pi MZ heterozygous persons compared
      to those with the normal Pi phenotype.

PMID- 3875965
TI  - Subtyping of Danish Haemophilus influenzae type B by their 45000 and 46000
      molecular weight proteins.
AB  - In order to obtain a way of subtyping Haemophilus influenzae type b strains,
      outer-membrane protein patterns were investigated. Outer-membrane proteins from
      45 different Haemophilus influenzae type b strains were examined by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The non-heated sarkosyl
      insoluble outer-membrane preparations all contained four major proteins with
      molecular weights (Mr) of 39,000, 33,000, 30,000, and 28,000, except for one
      strain which possessed a protein weighing approximately 32,000. After heating the
      samples a 45,000 Mr protein appeared in 43 of the strains, and a 46,000 Mr in
      two. The 39,000 Mr protein remained unchanged, whereas the 33,000 Mr protein
      disappeared. The 30,000 and the 28,000 Mr proteins became more clearly separated.
      A faint 16,000 Mr band was observed in both heated and non-heated samples. 42
      strains with the light heat-modified protein band had identical protein patterns
      and could not be subdivided by the methods used and may therefore constitute a
      clone. The remaining strains had individual patterns.

PMID- 3875967
TI  - Population analysis of susceptibility to cefotaxime and desacetyl-cefotaxime in
      Staphylococcus and Enterobacteriaceae.
AB  - Population analyses of susceptibility to cefotaxime (CTX) and desacetyl
      cefotaxime (DCTX) of strains of Staphylococcus and some genera of
      Enterobacteriaceae were carried out. DCTX, which is the main metabolite of CTX,
      has antimicrobial activity. The penicillinase-producing strains of S. aureus and
      S. epidermidis were homogeneous as regards susceptibility to both agents. CTX was
      about 4-8 times more active than DCTX. The methicillin-resistant strains
      contained a sub-population of resistant bacteria with both CTX and DCTX. The
      frequency of resistant bacteria was 10(-6) - 10(-5). The E. coli strain was
      homogeneous to both agents. The strains of Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter
      freundii had a sub-population of resistant bacteria with both agents. The
      frequency of resistant bacteria was 10(-7) - 10(-4.5). In Klebsiella pneumoniae
      no resistant sub-population was found. CTX was about four times more active than
      DCTX with the strains of the Enterobacteriaceae. DCTX had no advantage over CTX
      as regards homogeneity of susceptibility of the populations examined. CTX seems
      applicable for treatment of infections with E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and
      penicillinase-producing, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus, but should not
      be used alone in treatments of infections with Enterobacter cloacae or
      Citrobacter freundii.

PMID- 3875966
TI  - The influence of antimicrobial agents on macrophage-associated Staphylococcus
      aureus.
AB  - Macrophages obtained by culturing human blood monocytes were incubated with
      Staphylococcus aureus for phagocytosis to occur and exposed to gentamicin,
      rifampin, clindamycin or trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole. The macrophage
      associated bacteria were protected against gentamicin at low concentrations (1
      mg/l) and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole. However, high concentrations of
      gentamicin and clindamycin reduced the number of bacteria, indicating that these
      drugs penetrated into human macrophages and killed phagocytosed bacteria.
      Rifampin, even at low concentrations (0.5 mg/l), caused a marked reduction in
      macrophage-associated bacteria, implying that the drug penetrated into the
      phagocytes and retained its effect in the cells most effectively.

PMID- 3875968
TI  - Problems in the detection of complement-fixing immune complexes.
AB  - In the application of the anti-Clq, the anti-C3, or the conglutinin-binding assay
      for the detection of complement-fixing circulation immune complexes in patients
      with ankylosing spondylitis or healthy blood donors, antibodies cross-reacting
      with the solid-phase bound agent were observed in several sera, resulting in
      erroneous interpretation of the tests. Corrections for the interfering antibodies
      were made by testing for the binding to conglutinin both in the presence and in
      the absence of Ca++, while the anti-Clq and the anti-C3 assays included the
      application of F(ab')2 fragments of normal IgG to check for anti-F(ab)2 anti
      bodies.

PMID- 3875969
TI  - [Effect of monovalent cations on the thermostability of alpha-amylase from
      Bacillus licheniformis MB-80].

PMID- 3875970
TI  - The participation of serotoninergic system in the regulation of emotional
      defensive behavior evoked by intrahypothalamic carbachol injections in the cat.
AB  - The influence of bilateral injections of serotonin (5-HT) and methysergide (MET)
      to antero-medial hypothalamus (HA) on carbachol-induced emotional-defensive
      behavior was investigated. Earlier (15 min) stimulation of 5-HT receptors in HA
      region by 5-HT injections evoked a decrease in the level of vocal response
      (number and time of growling), while previous blocking of these receptors by
      means of MET brought about a considerable increase of vocalization level evoked
      by carbachol (Cch) injections (10 pg) to the same loci of HA. Intrahypothalamic
      injections of 5-HT alone or MET did not evoke any observable changes in the
      animals behavior. The alterations of the level of Cch-induced vocal response 3 to
      35 days after chemical damage of 5-HT neurons in HA or in the middle forebrain
      bundle (MFB) in posterolateral hypothalamus caused by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine
      were examined. Local neurotoxin injections both to MFB and to HA evoked a long
      lasting increase in the level of Cch-induced vocalization, which began on the 5th
      7th day after lesioning and lasted till the completion of the experiment (35
      days). Results data indicate that the 5-HT system exerts an inhibiting influence
      on the emotional-defensive behavior induced by the cholinergic system.

PMID- 3875971
TI  - Mechanisms of cell-mediated cytotoxicity II. Second International Workshop on
      Mechanisms in Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity. Annapolis, Maryland, June 10-13, 1984.

PMID- 3875972
TI  - The role of cytoplasmic granules in cytotoxicity by large granular lymphocytes
      and cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

PMID- 3875973
TI  - Biochemical characterization of natural killer cytotoxic factors.

PMID- 3875974
TI  - Functional relationships of Lyt-2 and Lyt-3 expression and T-cell cytotoxicity: a
      new model system.
AB  - We have developed H-2d-specific cytotoxic T-cells from (AKR X B6)F1 mice which
      express Lyt 2.1, 2.2, 3.1 and 3.2 determinants. Antisera specific for these
      determinants were used to block cytolytic activity of (AKR X B6) F1-derived
      cytotoxic T-cells. Blocking of killer activity was demonstrated with Lyt 2.2 +
      2.1, Lyt 3.2 + 3.1, Lyt 3.2 + 2.1, or Lyt 2.1 + 3.1, but not Lyt 2.1 + 3.1 or Lyt
      2.2 + 3.2, or either antisera alone. The antibody-blocking effects were identical
      whether tested with 5-day MLC-generated cytotoxic T-cells or cloned H-2d-specific
      T-cells. The results from these experiments indicate that: 1) blocking of
      cytotoxicity by antisera to Lyt-2 and Lyt-3 is a cell surface phenomenon since
      sera to both alleles were necessary to inhibit cytotoxic activity; 2) the
      expression of Lyt-2 and Lyt-3 does not exhibit allelic exclusion; and 3) that Lyt
      2 and Lyt-3 determinants are expressed on the cell surface in a cis, but not
      trans, configuration.

PMID- 3875975
TI  - Cell-cell contact proteins in antigen-specific and antigen-nonspecific cellular
      cytotoxicity.

PMID- 3875976
TI  - Mechanism of rapid tumor lysis by human ADCC: mediation by monoclonal antibodies
      and fragmentation of target cell DNA.

PMID- 3875977
TI  - Quantitative models for the kinetics of cell-mediated cytotoxicity at the single
      cell level.

PMID- 3875978
TI  - Reorientation of the Golgi apparatus and the microtubule organizing center: is it
      a means to polarize cell-mediated cytotoxicity?

PMID- 3875979
TI  - Cytolytic T-cell granules: biochemical properties and functional specificity.

PMID- 3875980
TI  - Interferon and interleukin-2 therapy of Kaposi's sarcoma.

PMID- 3875981
TI  - Treatment of intussusception with small bowel obstruction: application of
      decision analysis.
AB  - Although hydrostatic reduction of intussusception has been accepted as the most
      desirable method of treatment, there is still no consensus regarding its
      application on patients presenting with signs of small bowel obstruction.
      Decision analysis was used to consider alternative strategies of management, that
      is, the selective approach of not attempting hydrostatic reduction if there is
      radiographic evidence of small bowel obstruction, and an attempt at hydrostatic
      reduction even in the presence of intestinal obstruction, thus operating only
      when the noninvasive treatment fails. Estimates were based on the experience of
      one center and an extensive review of the literature. Analysis was performed
      several times so that the approach resulting in the lowest mortality and
      morbidity, number of days in the hospital, and monetary costs could be
      established. Although there is a small risk of perforation with hydrostatic
      reduction when there is evidence of small bowel obstruction, the attempt is not
      associated with increased mortality and is overall the best management regarding
      all other considerations.

PMID- 3875982
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of fetal anomalies in utero: early experience.
AB  - Five cases of fetal dysmorphology were examined with high-resolution sonography
      and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Postpartum confirmation was available in
      all cases. The high contrast resolution of MRI resulted in clear depiction of the
      abnormalities, particularly dilated fluid-filled structures, whereas the real
      time capability and spatial resolution of sonography permitted better
      appreciation of anatomic detail. While sonography will remain the primary imaging
      method for pregnancy, MRI appears to be a promising complementary technique in
      difficult cases.

PMID- 3875983
TI  - Intestinal perforations by tube feedings in small infants: clinical and
      experimental studies.
AB  - The clinical and radiographic findings of eight low-birth-weight neonates (mean,
      900 g) with perforations of the duodenum or jejunum associated with transpyloric
      feedings are reported. In four patients, the perforations occurred distal to any
      known tube position. In experimental studies in young rabbits, Silastic or
      polyvinyl chloride tubes were sewn in place with the tube tips in the proximal
      duodenum or proximal jejunum, and either normal oral feedings or feedings through
      the tubes were given. Perforations and gross or microscopic abnormalities of the
      bowel mucosa in the area of the tubes and beyond were more frequent in rabbits
      with tube feedings than those given normal oral feedings. It appears that tube
      feedings induce some degree of mucosal damage and contribute to bowel
      perforation.

PMID- 3875984
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the interatrial septum and atrial septal defects.
AB  - Magnetic resonance images were obtained in six patients with known or suspected
      interatrial septal defects (ASD) and 33 subjects without congenital heart
      disease. Image planes were oriented to the long and short axes of the left
      ventricle and septum and provided reproducible display of pertinent anatomic
      landmarks. Of the images in 33 control subjects, three (9%) were falsely positive
      showing apparent ASD. ASDs were correctly identified and localized in all six
      patients (five secundum, one primum). Long-axis views provided excellent display
      of the location and diameter of defects. All were confirmed at cardiac
      catheterization and four at surgery with good agreement in measurement of defect
      size and location. All showed signs of right-sided volume overload. Five had
      previous echocardiography, which showed definite or suspected ASD in four.

PMID- 3875985
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of developmental venous anomalies.
AB  - Magnetic resonance images (MRI) of nine subjects with a variety of developmental
      venous anomalies were studied retrospectively to assess the utility of MRI for
      determining the presence and type of venous abnormalities. Electrocardiogram
      gated or nongated MR images were obtained in the transaxial, sagittal, and
      coronal planes. Venous anomalies detected with MRI were persistent left superior
      vena cava (three cases), total anomalous venous return (one), left inferior vena
      cava to left atrium (one), interrupted inferior vena cava with azygos (one) or
      hemiazygos (one) continuation, and retroaortic left renal vein (two). Congenital
      cardiac anomalies seen in conjunction with these defects were corrected
      transposition, coarctation of the thoracic aorta, complete transposition, and
      polysplenia with thoracic situs solitus and abdominal situs inversus. MRI clearly
      depicts developmental venous anomalies and associated congenital heart disease
      without the administration of contrast media, thus suggesting the potential of
      MRI as a noninvasive method for evaluating venous anomalies. Further experience
      is necessary to define the sensitivity and specificity of MRI in this regard.

PMID- 3875986
TI  - Radiographic manifestations of cardiac sarcoid.
AB  - On the basis of autopsy series, the incidence of direct cardiac involvement in
      sarcoidosis has been estimated to be 20%-27%. It may be recognized clinically
      when patients with known systemic sarcoidosis present with arrhythmias,
      conduction disturbances, or cardiomyopathy. Various radiographic manifestations
      of cardiac sarcoid, including cardiomegaly, pericardial effusion, and left
      ventricular aneurysm, are described in four patients.

PMID- 3875987
TI  - Traumatic laceration of the ascending aorta: angiographic assessment.
AB  - Radiographic evaluation of ascending aortic injuries is rare because they are
      almost always immediately fatal. We report three cases of ascending aortic
      laceration studied by angiography, with a review of the literature and discussion
      of mechanisms of injury. The type of deceleration trauma resulting in ascending
      aortic laceration differs from the usual driver deceleration injury in that no
      attenuation of force on the victim occurs at the time of impact. Traction-torsion
      forces on the aorta at points of fixation and increased intraluminal aortic
      pressure are the likely mechanisms of rupture. Adequate angiographic evaluation
      of these patients requires visualizing the entire aortic arch from aortic valve
      to diaphragm.

PMID- 3875988
TI  - Systemic supply to a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation: a relative
      contraindication to surgery.

PMID- 3875989
TI  - Automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: appearance and complications.
AB  - The automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) can revert life
      threatening arrhythmias to normal rhythms in ambulatory patients. The device
      continually monitors cardiac rhythm, and delivers cardioverting discharges when
      potentially life-threatening arrhythmias are recognized. The radiographs of 22
      patients were reviewed with special reference to complications of radiologic
      interest, including pneumothorax, infiltrate, pleural effusion, atelectasis, and
      malposition of sensing or defibrillating leads. The normal radiographic
      appearance, surgical implantation, and clinical aspects of the AICD are
      discussed. A potential pitfall, an apparent connection gap at the epicardial
      electrode, was seen in three patients. This is due to limited radiodensity of
      part of the conduit. The AICD can lead to substantial improvement in survival
      rates of properly selected patients. Increasing use is probable, and radiologists
      should be aware of the normal appearance and complications of the AICD.

PMID- 3875990
TI  - Migration of central venous catheters.

PMID- 3875991
TI  - The combined Collis gastroplasty-Nissen fundoplication: surgical procedure and
      radiographic evaluation.
AB  - The combined Collis gastroplasty-Nissen fundoplication consists of a combination
      of an esophagus-lengthening Collis gastroplasty with 360 degrees complete Nissen
      fundoplication operation. This report reviews the clinical and radiographic
      features of 60 consecutive patients who underwent this operation for the control
      of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux. The surgical procedure, the technique of
      postoperative radiographic examination, normal radiographic anatomy, and
      abnormalities detectable radiographically are briefly described. All patients
      were examined on the seventh postoperative day initially with iodinated water
      soluble contrast medium followed by barium to establish integrity of the
      gastroplasty tube, fundoplication wrap, and dilated esophageal stricture. Later
      in the postoperative period, elective barium esophagrams were prompted by
      complaints of dysphagia (three patients) and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux
      (five patients).

PMID- 3875992
TI  - The normal mucosal surface pattern of the duodenal bulb: radiologic-histologic
      correlation.
AB  - Similar to the stomach and colon, the duodenum also demonstrates a fine mucosal
      relief pattern on double-contrast radiographic examination. Two patterns may be
      identified--fine reticular and "small dot." In order to investigate the origin of
      these patterns, duodenal bulb specimens were obtained at autopsy, and macroscopic
      and microscopic features were correlated with radiographic patterns. Findings
      indicate that the surface patterns identified radiographically on cadaveric
      specimens and in live patient subjects are due to villi and the collections of
      barium within the intervening sulci. Knowledge of this normal pattern will
      prevent misdiagnoses, especially when inflammatory disease of the duodenum is
      being considered.

PMID- 3875993
TI  - Mucormycoma of the colon: early diagnosis and successful management.

PMID- 3875994
TI  - Residual abdominal masses after chemotherapy for nonseminomatous testicular
      cancer: correlation of CT and histology.
AB  - Computed tomographic (CT) characteristics of 45 residual masses in 30 patients
      with disseminated nonseminomatous testicular cancer treated with chemotherapy
      were correlated with histologic findings at surgery. Thirty-one masses were
      studied serially on pre- and postchemotherapy scans. At the time of tumor
      reductive surgery, all patients had normal serum tumor markers (alpha-fetoprotein
      and human chorionic gonadotropin). Residual malignancy was found in 27% of
      patients, teratoma in 33%, and fibrosis or necrosis in 40%. The CT appearance of
      the masses--size, qualitative density, and change noted during the course of
      treatment--was insufficient to exclude the presence of residual malignancy or
      teratoma. An enlarging mass of psoas density occurred only once in this series;
      it contained malignancy. Other CT characteristics of residual masses had no
      greater than 50% correlation with the presence of malignancy. Histologic
      evaluation of residual masses remains necessary to guide further patient
      management.

PMID- 3875995
TI  - The utility of SPECT for 99mTc-MAA hepatic arterial perfusion scintigraphy.
AB  - The utility of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for hepatic
      arterial perfusion scintigraphy was evaluated in 86 patients (91 studies).
      Previous reports have shown planar studies to be valuable for the clinical
      management of patients receiving intraarterial chemotherapy and more reliable
      than angiography in determining blood flow distribution. However, overlying areas
      of intra- and extrahepatic perfusion can sometimes make interpretation of these
      two-dimensional images difficult. Since SPECT has the potential to depict the
      three-dimensional distribution of perfusion, separate out overlying activity, and
      improve contrast resolution, SPECT Tc-MAA perfusion studies were compared to
      planar studies. Planar and SPECT studies both demonstrated the extent of hepatic
      and tumor perfusion, although occasionally SPECT added additional information.
      SPECT was most useful in confirming or excluding extrahepatic perfusion that was
      suspected but not definite on planar studies. Extrahepatic abdominal perfusion
      was found to be present in 11 (12%) of 91 studies. All patients with confirmed
      extrahepatic perfusion who received intraarterial chemotherapy had symptoms of
      drug toxicity compared to only a 23% incidence in those without evidence of
      extrahepatic perfusion (p less than 0.001). This report demonstrates that SPECT
      can improve the qualitative interpretation of hepatic arterial perfusion studies.

PMID- 3875996
TI  - Stress injuries of the pars interarticularis: radiologic classification and
      indications for scintigraphy.
AB  - Lumbar radiographs and scintigrams were compared in 24 patients with low back
      pain. Radiographs of the pars interarticularis were classified as type 0, normal;
      type 1, a stress fracture with an irregular lucent line in an area of sclerosis;
      type 2, an evolving or healed stress injury showing either sclerosis or
      narrowing; or type 3, a nonunited fracture with a large lucent defect and well
      defined margins. Radiographs and scintigrams were abnormal in 88% (21/24) and 54%
      (13/24) of patients, respectively. Scintigraphy was most often positive with type
      1 (73% [11/15]) and negative with type 3 abnormalities (83% [10/12]). Findings
      suggest that in the proper clinical setting, identification of a type 1
      abnormality is sufficient to diagnose acute pars injury. If a type 2 or 3
      abnormality is present, scintigraphy is used to confirm recent injury. Finally,
      if no radiographic abnormality is present at the site of localized pain,
      scintigraphy should be used to exclude stress injury not radiographically
      apparent.

PMID- 3875997
TI  - Chronic osteomyelitis: monitoring by 99mTc phosphate and 67Ga citrate imaging.
AB  - Thirteen patients with chronic osteomyelitis, treated for 6 months with rifampin,
      had serial 99mTc phosphate and 67Ga scans to determine their value in assessing
      response to treatment. In patients who responded to treatment, gallium scans were
      deemed more accurate than 99mTc phosphate bone scans. The gallium scans, although
      still abnormal at the end of 6 months of antibiotic therapy, showed an
      improvement trend in all the responders except one in whom fracture recurred.
      Worsening or lack of improvement on gallium scans predicted active bone infection
      in five of six "clinical-failure" patients who had documented active bone
      infection. 67Ga scans eventually became normal in all patients who remained
      asymptomatic (excluding one with recurrent fracture). 99mTc phosphate scans
      became normal in only one of five clinical responders. All nonresponders had
      persistently abnormal scans, although after 6 months of therapy only four of
      seven showed worsening or no improvement on the scan. Therefore, 67Ga is
      preferred over 99mTc phosphate bone scans in the assessment of response to
      therapy in chronic bone infection. Clinical utility of the gallium scan is most
      significant in patients whose clinical assessment is uncertain, but routine use
      of this technique does not appear to be warranted. Gallium images are most
      valuable when obtained over a period of time, so that the trend of improvement
      versus nonimprovement is evident.

PMID- 3875998
TI  - Sacral destruction: foraminal lines revisited.
AB  - Although imaging techniques have improved greatly in recent years, plain
      radiography remains the initial imaging method for evaluation of patients with
      low back pain. The sacrum, in particular, is a difficult structure to evaluate.
      In reviewing 12 cases, the authors found an unacceptably high rate of missed
      sacral metastases (83%). Using a photograph and a radiograph of two bony pelvic
      specimens to represent normal anatomy and the normal appearance of the sacral
      foraminal lines, sacral destruction is illustrated in six cases. All lesions were
      neoplastic and most were metastatic. In each case there was destruction of one or
      more sacral lines. The importance of careful observation for symmetric appearance
      of these lines is emphasized.

PMID- 3875999
TI  - Contrast enhancement in CT differentiation between recurrent disk herniation and
      postoperative scar: prospective study.
AB  - Recurrent disk herniation and postoperative scarring are among the major causes
      of recurrent symptoms after surgery for lumbar disk disease. The myelographic
      differentiation between these two etiologies is, at best, difficult. To evaluate
      the role of intravenous contrast enhancement and its impact on making this
      differentiation using computed tomography (CT), 98 postoperative symptomatic
      patients were studied prospectively with this technique. Twenty-two patients had
      subsequent reexploration (23 disk spaces). The unenhanced and enhanced studies of
      these patients were interpreted independently without surgical information. With
      contrast enhancement, only three CT studies were considered indeterminate,
      whereas 10 studies without contrast enhancement were indeterminate. The overall
      correct diagnosis with contrast enhancement was 17 (74%) of 23, while only 43% of
      the unenhanced studies yielded the correct diagnosis. Therefore, intravenous
      contrast enhancement significantly increased the diagnostic accuracy and level of
      confidence in making the differentiation between recurrent herniated disk and
      scar.

PMID- 3876000
TI  - Myelography in cancer patients: modified technique.
AB  - Because of the frequency of multiple sites of involvement, a thorough evaluation
      of the entire spinal canal is essential for detection and treatment of spinal
      compression in cancer patients. For the examination of the entire spinal canal in
      cancer patients, a modified approach is described using water-soluble contrast
      medium (metrizamide), oil-based material (Pantopaque), and a "squeezing"
      technique for a complete myelographic block. Of 240 patients who underwent
      myelography for possible spinal compression, the squeezing technique was applied
      through a lumbar puncture to demonstrate a complete block in 39 patients; six of
      these had more than one block. Of the other 201 patients, the quality of the
      myelograms was satisfactory or excellent in 189 (94%).

PMID- 3876001
TI  - Percutaneous removal of renal staghorn calculi.
AB  - Using a percutaneous approach, 18 of 20 staghorn calculi were completely removed
      from the upper urinary tract. The initial nephrostomy was performed in the
      radiology department with local anesthesia. Tract dilatation and stone removal
      ensued on the next day in the operating room under general anesthesia. Minor
      complications, including postoperative temperature spikes and pyelonephritis,
      occurred in seven patients. Two major complications, urosepsis and hemorrhage
      requiring transfusion, were encountered.

PMID- 3876002
TI  - Percutaneous lithotripsy of staghorn calculi.
AB  - Eleven cases of staghorn calculi managed by percutaneous lithotripsy were
      reviewed. Ten of 11 cases were successful, and 70% of the successfully treated
      patients were discharged free of any renal stones. The percentage of patients
      discharged with residual stone fragments was higher than those with either
      percutaneously managed nondendritic calculi or surgically treated staghorn
      calculi. The complication rate was higher than for nonbranched stones managed
      percutaneously and was comparable to that for surgically removed dendritic
      calculi. Hospital stay averaged 18 days, equal to that for staghorn calculi
      treated by conventional surgical approach, but considerably longer than for
      nonbranched stones. Overall results more closely approximated those for surgical
      removal of staghorn calculi than those for percutaneous removal of nonbranched
      calculi. However, the principal advantage of percutaneous lithotripsy of staghorn
      calculi over surgical management is the significant reduction in convalescence
      after discharge from the hospital.

PMID- 3876003
TI  - Radiologic intervention in oriental cholangiohepatitis.
AB  - Interventional radiologic techniques can make a useful contribution to the
      management of patients with recurrent symptoms following surgical palliation of
      oriental cholangiohepatitis. Percutaneous removal of multiple, soft, pigmented
      biliary stones that form in this disease can be achieved by a combination of
      basket retrieval and crushing, as well as suction and irrigation techniques.
      Ducts that are obstructed by strictures can be drained by percutaneous catheters.
      Complete or partial symptomatic relief was obtained in six of eight patients,
      obviating additional surgical intervention.

PMID- 3876004
TI  - Transgastric drainage of pancreatic fluid collections.
AB  - Eight pancreatic fluid collections in seven patients were successfully drained
      percutaneously through a transgastric approach. The drainage catheters were left
      in place for 3-6 weeks to promote the formation of a fistulous tract between the
      stomach and the pancreatic collection. Computed tomography (CT) was used for
      diagnosis and for planning of the access route. Combined sonography and
      fluoroscopy were used for guidance. Radiologic follow-up examinations (CT and
      sinograms) have shown no recurrences (3-12 months). No complications were
      encountered.

PMID- 3876005
TI  - Boerhaave syndrome: interventional radiologic management.

PMID- 3876007
TI  - Percutaneous Kimray-Greenfield filter placement by femoral vein puncture.
AB  - Percutaneous placement of the Kimray-Greenfield vena cava filter was successfully
      performed in 12 consecutive patients, 10 from the right femoral vein, one from
      the left femoral vein, and one from the right internal jugular vein. Tract
      dilatation to allow placement of a 24-French sheath was easily performed and well
      tolerated. There was no occurrence of puncture site hematoma, significant blood
      loss, or postprocedural femoral vein thrombophlebitis. Percutaneous femoral vein
      approach is as effective as right internal jugular vein approach. The dependence
      on surgically obtained access for Kimray-Greenfield filter placement is no longer
      absolute.

PMID- 3876006
TI  - Expandable intrahepatic portacaval shunt stents: early experience in the dog.
AB  - Intrahepatic portacaval shunts were established in dogs by the transjugular
      approach. The shunts extended from the anterior aspect of the inferior vena cava
      to the portal bifurcation through interposed liver parenchyma. The tissue track
      was created by a long transjugular needle and enlarged by balloon angioplasty
      catheter dilatation. The opening was then stented with a specially made,
      expandable, tubular, woven mesh of stainless steel wire. The stent was introduced
      mounted in a collapsed fashion around a folded angioplasty balloon. Inflation of
      the balloon expanded the stent and the tissue track simultaneously, leaving a
      large side-to-side portacaval shunt. Nine out of 12 animals survived the
      procedure and eight of them had functioning shunts as long as 9 months after
      placement. Pathologic examination showed complete endothelialization of the inner
      surface of the stents.

PMID- 3876008
TI  - CT evaluation of local and regional breast cancer recurrence.
AB  - The accuracy of physical examination is compared with that of computed tomography
      (CT) of the chest in determining the extent of disease in 42 patients with local
      and/or regional recurrence of breast cancer. Of the 33 patients with clinical
      evidence of chest wall recurrence, 16 (49%) had areas of disease visible by CT
      that were clinically unsuspected. Similarly, in the nine patients who presented
      with supraclavicular and/or axillary recurrence, five (56%) had additional sites
      of involvement discovered on CT. Since many of these patients are treated with
      radiotherapy, the information gained by CT of the chest can be of great value in
      treatment planning.

PMID- 3876009
TI  - Oblique magnetic resonance imaging of normal structures.

PMID- 3876010
TI  - The upright film in lymphangiographic detection of lymphangiomatosis.

PMID- 3876011
TI  - Networking of microcomputers in the radiology department.
AB  - A microcomputer may be installed in any of several areas in a radiology
      department or office to automate data processing. Such areas include the
      reception desk, the transcription office, the quality-control station, and remote
      or satellite radiography rooms. Independent microcomputers can be interconnected
      by networking, using small hardware and software packages and cables, to effect
      communication between them, afford access to a common data base, and share
      peripheral devices such as hard disks and printers. A network of microcomputers
      can perform many of the functions of a larger minicomputer system at lower cost
      and can be assembled in small modules as budgetary constraints allow.

PMID- 3876013
TI  - Directions for radiologic research.

PMID- 3876012
TI  - The practical value of computer literacy: 2. Troubleshooting computerized imaging
      equipment.

PMID- 3876014
TI  - Turbulent times.

PMID- 3876015
TI  - Determination of difference in leg length.

PMID- 3876016
TI  - Patent inconsistency.

PMID- 3876017
TI  - Resonant misconception?

PMID- 3876018
TI  - Immunologic parameters in atopic dermatitis.
AB  - In view of the lack of agreement among the various authors regarding the
      pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) we decided to conduct an immunological
      study on patients affected by atopic dermatitis, whether associated with allergic
      respiratory disease or not. Twenty five patients were studied using T lymphocytes
      and their subpopulations, the lymphoblastic transformation test and serum
      immunoglobulin parameters. We found a decrease in the T mu/T gamma ratio in
      patients with pure AD relative to those with associated respiratory disease as
      well as a direct correlation between the T mu/T gamma ratio and IgE, which
      support the role of the T regulatory system in IgE production.

PMID- 3876019
TI  - Persistent lower respiratory disease in children.
AB  - Recurrent or persistent lower respiratory disease in children may present in
      various ways. The differential diagnosis includes reactive airways disease
      (asthma), prolonged viral pneumonia (in the young infant) and foreign body
      aspiration-the most common causes of persistent respiratory symptoms. The
      differential diagnosis also includes a long list of rare conditions. Because of
      the many diagnostic possibilities, the evaluation of a child with persistent
      lower respiratory disease should be carried out in a systematic, stepwise
      fashion.

PMID- 3876020
TI  - Colonic angiodysplasia and blood loss.
AB  - Colonic angiodysplasia is now recognized as a frequent cause of gastrointestinal
      bleeding in patients over age 55. These microvascular arteriovenous malformations
      may be as common a cause of colonic bleeding as diverticular disease. The lesions
      are not evident on barium studies. Even colonoscopy and selective colonic
      angiography can give false-negative results. Therefore, repeated studies for
      recurrent episodes of bleeding are often necessary before the diagnosis is made.
      Methods of treatment include coagulation biopsy, segmental colon resection and
      right hemicolectomy.

PMID- 3876021
TI  - Fulminant herpes simplex hepatitis following coronary bypass and postcardiotomy
      syndrome.

PMID- 3876022
TI  - Concerning monocytoid cells.

PMID- 3876023
TI  - Characteristics of children with endoscopically proved chronic bronchitis.
AB  - This study evaluated by chart review the clinical, allergic, pathologic, and
      immunologic characteristics of 20 children found to have chronic bronchitis (CB)
      by bronchoscopic evaluation, including 13 children in whom CB was documented by
      endobronchial biopsy. Two additional children likely to have had CB also are
      described. In this study group, all of the patients were believed to have asthma
      as well. Chronic bronchitis was predicted by chronicity of symptoms and
      incomplete response to bronchodilators and corticosteroids, but it was not
      predicted by a history of allergy or laboratory evidence of systemic infection or
      inflammation. In the children described herein, CB often was associated with an
      IgG subclass abnormality. Bronchoscopic evaluation documented CB and provided
      biopsy and secretion samples. Although the histomorphic findings were
      heterogeneous, patients with CB usually had white blood cells present on Gram
      stains of secretions in addition to mononuclear cell infiltrates on biopsy
      specimens. Chronic bronchitis in these children seems to be distinct from CB in
      adults. Further studies will be needed to define CB in children.

PMID- 3876024
TI  - Ventilatory pattern following diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunization in
      infants at risk for sudden infant death syndrome.
AB  - To evaluate the effects of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) immunization on the
      ventilatory pattern during sleep in infants at increased risk for sudden infant
      death syndrome (SIDS), we performed overnight pneumograms (recordings of
      ventilatory pattern and electrocardiogram) on 30 control infants, 46 infants with
      unexplained apnea, and 33 subsequent siblings of SIDS victims the night before
      and the night following a DTP immunization. Pneumograms were quantitated for
      total sleep time, longest apnea (in seconds), total duration of apneas longer
      than 6 s (in minutes), and total periodic breathing (in minutes). Following the
      DTP immunization there was no significant change in any criterion quantitated on
      pneumograms from any group except for a decrease in periodic breathing in the
      unexplained apnea group. We conclude that DTP immunization does not increase
      abnormalities of the ventilatory pattern as recorded by the pneumogram technique
      in infants at increased risk for SIDS.

PMID- 3876025
TI  - Endoscopic sclerotherapy for bleeding rectal varices: a case report.
AB  - Rectal varices are not hemorrhoids and they are dilated submucosal veins
      connecting the middle and inferior hemorrhoidal veins. These rectal varices may
      occur in patients with portal hypertension because of the formation of
      portosystemic shunts. Like esophageal varices, the rectal varices may also bleed
      massively. Herein we report a case of such bleeding which was successfully
      controlled with endoscopic sclerotherapy to the rectal varices.

PMID- 3876026
TI  - Laser treatment of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
AB  - The goal of laser treatment of the visible vessel or bleeding ulcer is to stop
      the bleeding to allow healing of the ulcer base. Adjuvant techniques including
      the use of vasoconstrictive agents, tissue adhesives, and tissue injection hold
      future promise in complementing laser therapy. Laser photocoagulation appears to
      be an effective method of treatment. At this time, however, the therapy of this
      serious clinical problem is evolving. As experience increases and as new
      technology and techniques are applied, the development of an effective treatment
      for the bleeding peptic ulcer or visible vessel is even more promising.

PMID- 3876027
TI  - Endoscopic therapy of bleeding gastrointestinal hemangiomas and angiodysplasia.
AB  - A variety of vascular lesions may be found in the gastrointestinal tract. They
      make up a small but significant percentage of all gastrointestinal bleeders,
      especially from the colon. New endoscopic techniques have made therapy as well as
      diagnosis possible. In order to fully use this modality we must understand the
      incidence, pathology, distribution, and pathophysiology of these lesions. Types
      of treatment presently available will be discussed.

PMID- 3876028
TI  - Nd:YAG laser therapy for gastrointestinal bleeding due to radiation colitis.
AB  - Significant uncontrollable gastrointestinal bleeding due to radiation colitis has
      in the past required colectomy, proctectomy, arterial ligation, or angiographic
      embolization for control. The use of Nd:YAG laser photocoagulation of mucosal
      vascular ectasias provides a promising safe alternative to such invasive
      therapies.

PMID- 3876029
TI  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: recovery after splenectomy associated with
      persistence of abnormally large von Willebrand factor multimers.
AB  - A patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) responded transiently to
      four courses of plasma exchange therapy, then subsequently had a sustained
      completed remission following splenectomy. The von Willebrand factor multimeric
      pattern during remission following each plasma exchange and during the entire
      postsplenectomy period showed abnormally large forms that were not present on
      presentation and with each clinical relapse. These findings support prior
      observations regarding the presence of abnormal von Willebrand factor multimers
      in relapsing TTP and suggest that the multimers contribute to platelet
      aggregation and the thrombotic lesions. The association of sustained remission
      and persistence of the abnormally large plasma multimers after splenectomy
      suggests that this response was not coincidental. This supports the concept that
      a subgroup of patients with TTP may exist in which the pathophysiology of disease
      is significantly modulated by the spleen and in which splenectomy may induce long
      lasting remission.

PMID- 3876030
TI  - Dense deposit disease in children: prognostic value of clinical and pathologic
      indicators. The Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group.
AB  - Clinical and pathological features were examined in 16 children with dense
      deposit disease. The children ranged in age from 5 to 15 years (mean: 9.3 years).
      There were nine boys and seven girls. Semiquantitative grading of renal biopsy
      findings was performed in these patients and compared to clinical features at the
      time of presentation, and at the time of latest follow-up. Initial clinical
      features included hypertension and decreased glomerular filtration rate in 50% of
      patients, nephrotic syndrome in 69%, and gross hematuria in 73%. Serum C3
      concentrations were low in nine of nine patients. All but one of the patients
      subsequently received steroid therapy, the dosage of which varied. Of the 16
      patients, six developed progressive renal insufficiency, six have normal renal
      function after a period of 7 to 12 years, and four have normal renal function but
      have been followed for less than 6 years. When these different subgroups were
      compared, clinical and laboratory features were not helpful outcome indicators.
      By contrast, poor outcome was correlated with the following pathologic features:
      excessive prominence of glomerular lobules, severe mesangial hypercellularity and
      sclerosis, severe glomerular loop obliteration, and mesangial electron dense
      deposit alteration. We conclude that the course of dense deposit disease is
      variable and that certain pathologic features may be helpful in predicting
      clinical outcome. Whether alternate-day prednisone therapy may have been of
      benefit for the patients in this study is uncertain.

PMID- 3876031
TI  - Prevention of acute stress bleeding with sucralfate, antacids, or cimetidine. A
      controlled study with pirenzepine as a basic medication.
AB  - In a prospective, controlled, randomized study of a prophylaxis for stress
      bleeding, 100 high-risk patients in an intensive care unit received, on a daily
      basis, 1 g of sucralfate every four hours, an antacid every two hours, or 2 g of
      cimetidine intravenously. All patients also received 50 mg of pirenzepine by
      intravenous infusion each day. Gastric pH was determined every eight hours.
      Bleeding was defined as macroscopically visible bleeding. The intragastric pH was
      less than 4 significantly more often in patients treated with sucralfate than in
      patients treated with the other agents, but stress bleeding occurred only in
      patients treated with cimetidine (n = 2) or antacids (n = 2). In the latter two
      treatment groups, the probability of bleeding correlated with the incidence of pH
      values below 4. No side effects of sucralfate therapy were observed. The results
      indicate that prophylactic treatment of stress bleeding with pirenzepine and
      sucralfate is at least as effective as combined treatment with pirenzepine and
      cimetidine or antacids.

PMID- 3876032
TI  - Basolateral membrane chloride transport in isolated epithelia of frog skin.
AB  - Isotopic methodology was used to characterize Cl- transport in isolated epithelia
      of frog skin (northern Rana pipiens) bathed in Cl--rich Ringer solution and short
      circuited. Cl- content of epithelia measured when loaded to 36Cl specific
      activity equilibrium averaged 139.6 neq/mg dry wt. The kinetics of 36Cl efflux
      was biexponential and consistent with binding or compartmentalization of
      approximately 30% of tissue Cl- within the intracellular pool. Because efflux of
      36Cl to the apical solution was immeasurable, it was concluded that apical
      membranes were virtually impermeable to Cl- and that basolateral membranes were
      highly permeable to Cl- with a mean unidirectional Cl- efflux of 21.7 microA/cm2.
      Both furosemide (1 mM) and 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic
      acid (5 X 10(-4) M) inhibited markedly the basolateral membrane chloride fluxes
      within seconds, as measured in chamber experiments. As inhibition of Cl- flux
      occurred in the absence of a change of the electrical parameters of apical and
      basolateral membranes, the mechanisms of Cl- transport appeared to be
      electroneutral and, for the most part at least, not coupled to the fluxes of Na+
      and K+. Transepithelial Cl- fluxes averaged near 1 microA/cm2, proceeding via
      transport routes in parallel to the cells of the stratified epithelium. No
      correlation existed between the "shunt" resistance measured in the presence of
      100 microM amiloride (greater than 1,000 omega X cm2) and the partial conductance
      to Cl-.

PMID- 3876033
TI  - Stimulation of pepsinogen secretion in permeable isolated gastric glands.
AB  - Rabbit isolated gastric glands were treated with digitonin so that stimulation of
      pepsinogen secretion could be studied in a permeable system. Criteria for
      permeabilization were the release of lactate dehydrogenase in response to
      digitonin as well as the finding that calcium stimulation and spermine inhibition
      required the presence of digitonin. Other evidence confirmed that digitonin
      directly permeabilized chief cells. Pepsinogen secretion was elicited from
      digitonin-treated gastric glands by a number of agents, including calcium,
      vanadate, cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-OP), 8-bromo-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic
      monophosphate, and forskolin. Spermine was found to inhibit secretion stimulated
      by each of these agents only in the presence of digitonin, suggesting an
      intracellular site of spermine action. We concluded that spermine inhibition of
      secretion could be used as a marker of secretion elicited from permeable chief
      cells. The ability to stimulate pepsinogen secretion by such agents as CCK-OP and
      forskolin suggests that stimulus-secretion coupling is virtually intact even in
      permeable chief cells. We felt that this preparation should offer unusual
      opportunities for investigating the mechanisms involved in the intracellular
      regulation and activation of pepsinogen secretion.

PMID- 3876034
TI  - Active transport and exchange diffusion of Cl across the isolated skin of Rana
      pipiens.
AB  - Transepithelial Cl influx and efflux were measured in pairs of frog skin (Rana
      pipiens) matched according to short-circuit current, tissue conductance, and
      transepithelial potential (TEP). The skins were bathed symmetrically in NaCl
      Ringer and voltage clamped at TEP values ranging from -60 to +60 mV. At 0 TEP, Cl
      influx and net inward Cl movement (in neq X h-1 X cm-2) were, respectively, 961
      +/- 116 and 463 +/- 68 in NaCl Ringer, 509 +/- 52 and 202 +/- 53 in amiloride
      treated skins, 4,168 +/- 777 and 1,444 +/- 447 in theophylline-treated skins, and
      587 +/- 38 and 97 +/- 44 in Na-free Ringer. A correlation was discovered between
      short-circuit current and Cl fluxes corresponding to a 2:6:1 relationship between
      changes in active Na transport and active Cl transport. Deviations from the
      predicted Cl flux ratio indicate the presence of exchange diffusion in the range
      of spontaneously occurring TEPs, in contrast to observations on R. temporaria and
      R. esculenta. The experiments indicate that a substantial portion of
      transepithelial Cl movement proceeds transcellularly 1) via active Cl transport
      that is Na dependent, amiloride sensitive, stimulated by theophylline, and
      apparently correlated with active Na transport, and 2) by means of exchange
      diffusion that not only occurs under short-circuit conditions but also at
      positive TEPs. It is possible to explain both the exchange diffusion and the
      properties of active Cl transport by a Cl-HCO3 exchange system at the apical side
      of the transporting cell that interacts with a Na-H exchange mechanism, a notion
      consistent with the recent observation of an amiloride-induced decrease in
      intracellular pH.

PMID- 3876035
TI  - Intracellular Cl activity changes of frog skin.
AB  - The intracellular Cl activity and potential were determined in short-circuited
      frog skin with single-barrel microelectrodes. With NaCl Ringer solution on the
      apical and basolateral side, the intracellular Cl activity was 15.5 +/- 0.5 mM
      and the intracellular potential was -90 +/- 1.0 mV, indicating that the
      intracellular Cl activity was above electrochemical equilibrium. When the
      solution on the apical side was changed to a Cl-free solution (Cl replaced by
      methanesulfonate), no significant difference was observed in intracellular Cl
      activity. However, when the skins were Cl-depleted by replacing the NaCl Ringer
      solution on both sides with a Cl-free solution, the intracellular Cl activity
      decreased to 1.7 +/- 0.1 mM and the intracellular potential fell to -66.7 +/- 1.3
      mV. Addition of Cl (i.e., NaCl Ringer solution) to the apical side of Cl-depleted
      skins caused a significant increase in intracellular Cl activity to 6.3 mM. This
      increase was prevented by amiloride (10(-4) M) added on the apical side
      simultaneously with Cl. Restoration of Cl on the basolateral side of Cl-depleted
      tissues also raised the intracellular Cl activity to about the same level as when
      Cl was added on the apical side (6.8 mM). Changes in membrane potential occurred
      in a delayed fashion over a period of 15 min or more when Cl was added or removed
      on either side of the skin. The absence of an immediate membrane potential
      response indicates that Cl conductance is not detectable. We conclude, therefore,
      that the Cl transfer across the apical and basolateral cell membrane occurs
      primarily via electroneutral mechanisms.

PMID- 3876036
TI  - Effect of pregestational sialoadenectomy of nursing mothers on eyelid opening of
      pups.
AB  - The eyelid opening of pups born to and nursed by normal mice occurred by the 15th
      day of birth, whereas pregestational sialoadenectomy (removal of submandibular
      glands) of nursing mice delayed eyelid opening of their pups by as much as 5
      days. Parotidectomy, however, had no effect on eyelid opening. Cross-foster
      nursing experiments indicated that the cause for delayed eyelid opening of pups
      was to be found in sialoadenectomized mothers, not their pups. Sialoadenectomized
      mothers had underdeveloped mammary glands that produced approximately 50% less
      milk than controls, and the amount of epidermal growth factor in their milk was
      similarly reduced. When epidermal growth factor, a polypeptide produced by the
      submandibular gland, was injected daily at a dose of 5 micrograms into
      sialoadenectomized pregnant mice, the eyelid opening of the pups nursed by their
      mothers occurred normally. These results are discussed with regard to the
      possible role of the submandibular gland and epidermal growth factor in neonatal
      eyelid opening.

PMID- 3876037
TI  - Annual and diurnal patterns of plasma calcium fractions in anuran Rana pipiens.
AB  - Ionized calcium [Ca2+] in the amphibian Rana pipiens was measured over 18 mo. An
      annual variation about the mean of 1.10 mmol/l was observed that peaked in April
      (1.36 mmol/l) and attained minimal levels in October (0.84 mmol/l). Plasma total
      calcium [Ca]t, plasma proteins, and the bound calcium fraction also exhibited
      annual oscillations. The annual mean binding capacity of plasma proteins for
      calcium was established at 0.0175 mmol/g. Of the plasma total calcium in spring
      animals, nonprotein-bound calcium complexes [Ca]c were less than 3% of the total
      whereas 80% was composed of [Ca2+] and 17% as protein-bound calcium [Ca]pb. In
      autumn [Ca2+] composed 40%, [Ca]pb 30%, and [Ca]c 30% of plasma total calcium. An
      equilibrium exists between [Ca2+] and [Ca]c, which maintains a combined annual
      mean of 1.48 mmol/l calcium. Diurnal variations superimposed on the annual cycles
      are modulated by apparent movement of plasma water and an intrinsic 12-h rhythm
      for [Ca2+]. No definite associations could be made with the entrainment of
      specific rhythms of the three calcium fractions with the light-dark cycle.

PMID- 3876038
TI  - [Orthostatic postural behavior of a population of aged subjects with
      atherosclerosis from the spectral analysis of their stabilogram].

PMID- 3876039
TI  - Spontaneous remission of Burkitt's lymphoma associated with herpes zoster
      infection.
AB  - A 12-year-old white female with recurrent Burkitt's lymphoma had a spontaneous
      remission associated with a localized herpes zoster infection. The remission
      lasted nearly 2 months before the tumor recurred in the central nervous system.
      LDH isoenzyme determinations done on an earlier ovarian tumor and serum at time
      of bone marrow relapse showed different predominant LDH isoenzyme patterns. These
      data might be interpreted as showing that different malignant cell clones were
      responsible for ovarian and bone marrow relapses. Studies to elucidate the
      mechanism of spontaneous remission at the time of zoster infection demonstrated
      serum factor(s) which stimulated normal B lymphocytes.

PMID- 3876040
TI  - The haemodynamic effects of intravenous induction. Comparison of the effects of
      thiopentone and propofol.
AB  - The haemodynamic changes following induction of anaesthesia with equipotent doses
      of propofol and thiopentone have been compared. Propofol caused a significant
      fall in arterial blood pressure and total peripheral resistance, with a slight
      fall in cardiac output. There were no changes in heart rate. Apart from an
      initial, but statistically insignificant increase in heart rate, similar changes
      were produced by thiopentone, but to a lesser degree. It is concluded that
      induction of anaesthesia with propofol results in acceptable haemodynamic
      changes, but that the agent is more depressant to the cardiovascular system than
      thiopentone.

PMID- 3876041
TI  - Colorimetric plasma assay for the bentiromide test (BT-PABA) for exocrine
      pancreatic insufficiency.
AB  - Bentiromide is a synthetic peptide, N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid,
      which has been used as a test for exocrine pancreatic function. Following oral
      administration, bentiromide is hydrolyzed by chymotrypsin to yield free p
      aminobenzoic acid (PABA) which is absorbed, conjugated and excreted in the urine.
      The PABA conjugates reach their peak levels in blood in 90-120 min. Healthy
      individuals have higher levels of PABA than patients with pancreatic
      insufficiency. A simple, accurate, and precise method for the determination of
      PABA in blood has been developed and validated. The plasma (1 ml) is
      deproteinized by perchloric acid. The conjugates are hydrolyzed and the total
      PABA is determined colorimetrically by the Bratton-Marshall test. The standard
      curve in plasma is linear up to 8 micrograms/ml of PABA. A similar semimicro
      method using 200 microliter of plasma suitable for pediatric samples shows
      comparable results. Average analytical recovery is 97% and precision studies of
      pooled within-run and total between-run showed CV% of 5.0 and 5.7%, respectively.

PMID- 3876042
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of beta-lactamases.

PMID- 3876043
TI  - Elective coronary bypass surgery without pulmonary artery catheter monitoring.

PMID- 3876044
TI  - Effects of coronary grafting technique upon reperfusion cardiac rhythm,
      ventricular function, and other variables.
AB  - The effects of different techniques of aortocoronary bypass grafting on
      reperfusion cardiac rhythm and ventricular function have not been systematically
      evaluated for possible advantages or disadvantages. The placement of proximal
      anastomoses before cardiopulmonary bypass and sequential coronary grafting with
      reperfusion via both the grafts and the native circulation were prospectively
      compared to traditional grafting and reperfusion via native arteries. More than
      40 biochemical, thermal, temporal, hemodynamic, and other variables, including
      arrhythmias and myocardial failure, were measured intraoperatively and
      postoperatively. Spontaneous resumption of a cardiac rhythm occurred more
      frequently with traditional grafting technique in association with a larger
      cardioplegia volume and a higher serum potassium. However, the disadvantage of
      the traditional technique was a higher incidence of cardiac failure
      postoperatively and greater use of isoproterenol after discontinuation of bypass.
      While cardiac rhythm resumed spontaneously more often with the traditional
      technique, the increased incidence of cardiac failure postoperatively has serious
      implications. Thus, placement of proximal anastomoses before cardiopulmonary
      bypass seems warranted.

PMID- 3876045
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage cells and proteins in patients with the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome. An immunologic analysis.
AB  - Several components of cellular and humoral immunity were examined in
      bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood of 15 patients with the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome, and the results were compared to data from 25 healthy
      controls (including 5 asymptomatic homosexual men). Compared with that of
      controls, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients tended to have more
      lymphocytes and significantly more neutrophils; a lower OKT4/OKT8 ratio, due to
      an increase in total OKT8 cells; and normal total OKT4 cell counts, despite a
      significant decrease in numbers of OKT4 cells in peripheral blood. Patients also
      had significantly more IgG-releasing cells and higher IgG levels than controls in
      lavage fluid. These data show that, in the lung lining fluid of patients with the
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, significant alterations in cellular and
      humoral immunity exist that differ in several important respects from immunity in
      controls and from corresponding changes in patients' peripheral blood.

PMID- 3876046
TI  - [Corticotherapy and surgery. Apropos of 73 cases].
AB  - The authors reviewed the outcome of 73 operations performed on 60 patients on
      long-term steroid therapy: Eighteen operations were carried out for gastro
      intestinal perforation but the causal role of steroid therapy was only
      established in 6 cases (4 gastric and 2 colonic perforations). In the other 12
      cases there was intercurrent pathology or a recrudescence of the underlying
      disease process. More selective indications for steroid therapy and the
      protective action of new drugs on the gastro-intestinal mucosa are probably
      responsible for the low incidence of iatrogenic complications compared with
      previously published series. However, steroid therapy did affect the
      postoperative course: the risk of infection was 20 to 30 p. 100 higher than
      normal, very common after emergency surgery (75 p. 100) and a major cause of
      mortality (60 p. 100); the risk seems to be high when the steroid dose exceeds
      0.5 mg/kg/day, the disunion of an anastomosis was observed in 6 cases, including
      5 "dirty" operations with a mortality of 60 p. 100, healing was slow: 2 cases of
      evisceration and 2 of abdominal hernia were observed. It was not possible to
      assess the threshold dose of steroids with regards to this complication,
      metabolic complications, especially adrenal failure were much less common. Of the
      diseases requiring steroid therapy the problem of angiitis seemed particularly
      prominent. Although the prognosis of the intercurrent surgical condition was not
      aggravated; mortality from a relapse of the angiitis was nearly 100 p. 100.
      Therefore, medical control of the relapse would seem to be the first priority and
      should be taken into account when assessing the surgical indications.

PMID- 3876047
TI  - [Rheumatological manifestations of adrenal insufficiencies].
AB  - Muscular, articular and periarticular symptoms were reviewed in 19 patients with
      adrenal failure and compared with previously published data. Symptoms are
      variable and non-specific; muscular cramps and periarticular calcification were
      common. Hypercalcaemia was uncommon but its incidence was probably
      underestimated. Calcification of the ear cartilage was rare but characteristic.

PMID- 3876048
TI  - Humoral and cellular immune response in ocular histoplasmosis.
AB  - We have compared several humoral and cellular immune responses in ocular and in
      acute histoplasmosis syndromes. T-lymphocyte subset analysis revealed elevated
      ratios of T-helper/T-suppressor lymphocytes in ten of 22 patients with ocular
      histoplasmosis, whereas ratios were depressed in 18 of 22 with acute
      histoplasmosis syndromes. Lymphocyte transformation responses to mitogens and to
      histoplasma antigens were similar in both acute and ocular histoplasmosis.
      However, histoplasma antibody levels as measured by immunodiffusion, complement
      fixation, and radioimmunoassay were elevated in only three of 22 patients with
      ocular histoplasmosis, compared with 18 of 22 with acute histoplasmosis. Natural
      killer cell cytotoxicity was depressed in ten of 20 patients with ocular
      histoplasmosis compared with none of 18 with acute histoplasmosis. These findings
      support the clinical observations that ocular histoplasmosis and acute
      histoplasmosis syndrome are seldom, if ever, seen in the same patient.

PMID- 3876049
TI  - Aphakic correction in ectopia lentis.
AB  - Ectopia lentis may cause a reduction in visual acuity, which varies with the type
      and degree of dislocation and the presence of other ocular abnormalities.
      Retinoscopy may reveal a significant refractive error, usually myopia and
      astigmatism. Occasionally, an accurate refraction may be difficult because of
      tilting or dislocation of the lens. If aphakic refraction improves visual acuity,
      an aphakic correction should be considered.

PMID- 3876050
TI  - A comparison of colonoscopy and selective visceral angiography in the diagnosis
      of colonic angiodysplasia.
AB  - The results of selective visceral angiography and colonoscopy were compared in
      the diagnosis of angiodysplasia of the large bowel. Fifty six patients were
      diagnosed as having angiodysplasia on angiography and 34 of these patients also
      underwent colonoscopy. Twenty three of the colonoscopies were positive giving a
      diagnostic yield of 68%. Three colonoscopies were negative and eight were
      incomplete. Colonoscopy was useful in the diagnosis of concomitant disease and
      also provided the clinician with the therapeutic possibility of
      electrocoagulation. Colonoscopy at operation proved to be a valuable technique in
      assessing the extent of angiodysplasia prior to resection.

PMID- 3876051
TI  - [Gastric lipoma: a rare cause of upper digestive hemorrhage].

PMID- 3876052
TI  - The effects of septic complications upon the serum protein changes associated
      with thermal injury.
AB  - The levels of 12 serum proteins including 'acute-phase reactants',
      immunoglobulins and albumin were measured in 20 patients suffering from thermal
      burns. The acute-phase reactants: C-reactive protein, alpha-l antitrypsin, alpha
      l antichymotrypsin, haptoglobin and orosomucoid, all increased in concentration.
      Highest levels, which showed significant correlations with injury severity,
      occurred at 6-8 days post-burn. The levels of albumin, alpha-l lipoprotein and
      transferrin were decreased. The immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM showed an
      initial decrease followed by a steady return to normal levels. Four patients, of
      whom three died, developed serious sepsis. The levels of alpha-l antichymotrypsin
      and C-reactive protein were much higher in patients with sepsis than in those
      without sepsis. The highest levels occurred during and often before the episode
      of sepsis was clinically evident. The immunoglobulins especially IgG and IgA were
      lower in those patients who developed sepsis than in those who did not. The
      results suggest that the serum levels of either C-reactive protein or alpha-l
      antichymotrypsin could be used both as an aid to diagnosis of sepsis and also to
      monitor the effect of therapy.

PMID- 3876053
TI  - HLA and Chinese patients with juvenile onset diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The HLA profile of 147 Chinese patients with juvenile onset diabetes mellitus was
      studied. There were HLA associations related to different age of onset of the
      disease. The patients who presented during the first decade of life had strong
      linkages with AW 33, B 17 and BW 22 (BW 54/55) but a weak association with DR 4.
      In contrast, patients whose age of onset ranged from 31 to 39 years had increased
      frequency of BW 46. Patients with diabetic complications (retinopathy,
      nephropathy, neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease) which were present
      singly or in combination were associated with HLA AW 33 and B 17. It would appear
      that genetic factor may be related to both the age of onset of diabetes as well
      as to the development of complications.

PMID- 3876054
TI  - HLA-DR antigens in Chinese children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - We studied the distribution of HLA-DR and MT1, MT2, MT3 genotypes in 23 Chinese
      children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The frequency of DR3
      was 48% in IDDM children compared to 14% of normal controls (corrected p =
      0.0098, RR = 5.70). The frequency of DR4 was not increased. These differences
      when compared with the results of Western populations may contribute to the
      relative rarity of IDDM among Chinese children.

PMID- 3876055
TI  - A multiparametric observation of immune competence in breast cancer and its
      correlation with tumour load and prognosis.
AB  - A multiparametric observation of cellular immune status by delayed
      hypersensitivity response to primary and recall antigens, absolute lymphocyte
      counts, T-cells counts, lymphocyte stimulation to PHA and serum immunoglobulin
      levels (IgG, IgM, IgA) was done in 60 patients of breast cancer and 40 age
      matched normal controls. The findings were correlated with clinical stage, tumour
      size, lymphnode involvement, distant metastases, tumour differentiation,
      lymphoreticular response and tumour recurrence within one year of follow-up
      period. Delayed hypersensitivity response to DNCB, PPD and Candida was
      significantly impaired (P = less than .001) in breast cancer patients as compared
      to normal controls. DNCB and candida response showed a gradual decrease with
      increasing clinical stage and PPD response was impaired in the advanced stage
      (Stage III and IV). Patients with well-differentiated tumour were more anergic
      than those with poorly differentiated tumour. Delayed hypersensitivity response
      to both primary and recall antigen showed a good correlation with tumour
      recurrence. Patients who had early recurrence or progressive disease were more
      anergic to all the three antigens. Absolute lymphocyte counts, absolute T-cells
      and E-rosette were significantly reduced in breast cancer patients as compared to
      normal controls and further correlated with clinical stage. Absolute T-cells and
      E-rosettes were lower in patients with lymphnode involvement, and distant
      metastases as compared to those with localized tumour. Absence of lymphoreticular
      response was related with impaired T-cell population. Absolute T-cell counts and
      E-rosettes further correlated with prognosis of the patients being significantly
      impaired in patients with early recurrence or with progressive disease (P = less
      than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3876056
TI  - Partial trisomy 11p with interatrial septal aneurysm. Case report and literature
      review.
AB  - A newborn female infant presented with hypotonia, joint hyperextensibility,
      cardiac murmur, macroglossia, and hepatosplenomegaly. Karyotype of the child
      revealed partial trisomy of chromosome 11p derived from a paternal balanced
      translocation. Echocardiogram obtained in the newborn period suggested
      interatrial aneurysm, which was confirmed on post-mortem examination. Interatrial
      septal aneurysm is a rare abnormality not previously described in partial trisomy
      11p.

PMID- 3876057
TI  - Comparison between the meiotic activities in the male with hypogonadotropic
      hypogonadism and in the human fetal ovocytes.
AB  - In the testicles of males with postpuberal hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, we have
      detected a preleptotene phase similar to that described in the human ovary. The
      two characteristic stages of this phase, contraction and despiralization, were
      noted. In this paper the origin and the significance of preleptotene in relation
      to the hormonal levels are discussed.

PMID- 3876058
TI  - 18p tetrasomy. Further evidence for a distinctive clinical syndrome.

PMID- 3876059
TI  - 19q distal trisomy due to a de novo (19;22)(q13.2;p11) translocation.
AB  - A 2 4/12-year-old girl whith a de novo 46,XX,-22 + der(22), t(19;22)(q13.2;p11)
      karyotype is described. From this and other eight similar cases previously
      published, a typical phenotype in distal 19q trisomy is concluded.

PMID- 3876060
TI  - [Familial transmission of deleted chromosome 22 [r(22)p0?] in two normal women].
AB  - A deleted chromosome 22 resembling a ring chromosome was found in a 27-year-old
      woman without dysmorphic features nor mental retardation. A similar chromosome
      was found in her mother.

PMID- 3876061
TI  - [Paracentric inversions in man. Apropos of 2 familial observations].
AB  - Two observations of paracentric inversion in man are reported. One is located on
      the long arm of chromosome 1 and was observed over two generations. The other is
      on the long arm of chromosome 5 and was transmitted over three generations. The
      possible implications of paracentric inversions on the phenotype and fertility
      are discussed.

PMID- 3876062
TI  - 46,XX/46,XX,8p- mosaicism in a phenotypically normal female.
AB  - A phenotypically normal female was found to have a chromosome 8 short arm
      deletion in a low percentage of the cells. The reduced proportion of monosomic
      cells in relationship with proband's age are discussed.

PMID- 3876064
TI  - A patient with 44 chromosomes.
AB  - A patient with Turner syndrome and a 13q14q translocation is described. Not a
      single such case had been reported. The principal findings in connection with
      double aneuploidy in humans are discussed.

PMID- 3876063
TI  - A case of male pseudohermaphroditism with normal androgen receptor binding and
      47,XYY karyotype.
AB  - A case of male pseudohermaphroditism with 47,XYY karyotype in blood and cutaneous
      fibroblasts is described. The plasma testosterone response to HCG stimulation was
      slightly below the normal range on two occasions suggesting a deficit of gonadal
      function. A study of the receptors for dihydrotestosterone in fibroblasts of
      genital and nongenital skin showed a normal concentration of receptors in genital
      skin; 5-alpha-reductase activity in fibroblasts of the genital skin was low, but
      the plasma relationship testosterone/dihydrotestosterone under HCG stimulation
      was normal. The diagnostic possibility of a complete testicular feminization
      syndrome with normal receptors for dihydrotestosterone is commented on.

PMID- 3876065
TI  - The prezygotic origin of structural mosaicisms.
AB  - A theoretical model to explain the occurrence of some structural mosaicisms is
      proposed. It is based on a prezygotic (meiotic) half chromatid mutation leading,
      after the first post-zygotic DNA replication, to a structural mosaic.

PMID- 3876066
TI  - [Cytogenetic study of Cercopithecus wolfi, Cercopithecus erythrotis and a hybrid
      Cercopithecus ascanius X Cercopithecus pogonias grayi].
AB  - The karyotypes of two species of Cercopithecus, C. wolfi and C. erythrotis, as
      well as that of a hybrid C. ascanius X C. pogonias grayi, are described and
      compared. The karyotype of C. erythrotis is similar to that of C. ascanius and C.
      cephus described previously. The karyotypes of C. wolfi and C. p. grayi differ by
      a single inversion. The karyotype of the hybrid shows that the two parental
      species differ by five rearrangements, three fissions and two inversions, an
      observation in agreement with our previous interpretation.

PMID- 3876067
TI  - [Cytogenetic analysis of the pronucleus after an interspecies man-hamster model
      of fertilization].
AB  - A cytogenetic analysis of seventy human sperms originating from seven normal
      subjects is described. Results are compared to those of previously reported
      studies. The share of male and female contributions in the genesis of chromosomal
      abnormalities in human zygotes is discussed.

PMID- 3876068
TI  - Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) and r(X). Tentative mapping of the IP locus to the X
      juxtacentromeric region.
AB  - A 45,X/46,X,r(X) mosaicism was observed in an incontinentia pigmenti (Bloch
      Sulzberger form) female patient, with mental retardation, short stature, and
      minor dysmorphisms. This observation is compatible with the regional assignment
      of the incontinentia pigmenti locus to the juxta-centromeric region of the X, the
      r(X) being of very small size.

PMID- 3876069
TI  - Translocation (X;9)(p11;q34) in a girl with incontinentia pigmenti (IP):
      implications for the regional assignment of the IP locus to Xp11?
AB  - A t(X;9)(p11;q34) is reported in a girl with incontinentia pigmenti (IP). The X
      breakpoint is at p11.21. Although no similar case has been reported, this
      breakpoint may be significant insofar IP is considered an X-linked dominant
      mutation and could be of help in a specific X DNA probes study.

PMID- 3876070
TI  - Trisomy 11p15 and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Report of two new cases.
AB  - An association between trisomy 11p15 and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is described
      in two brothers. The first presented at birth with gigantism and macroglossia,
      umbilical hernia and abdominal distention, hypoglycemia and atresia of the
      pulmonary artery, leading to the diagnosis of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Facial
      dysmorphism also included: a hypoplastic midface, hypertelorism, and a short nose
      with a flattened bridge. The karyotype showed a trisomy 11p15 with a monosomy
      18p11, due to a t(11;18)(p154;p111)pat. His brother, born a year later, showed
      the same signs. The association between trisomy 11p15 and Beckwith-Wiedemann
      syndrome is in certain cases well established.

PMID- 3876071
TI  - Mitogenic signals are not required to circumvent the cyclosporin-induced
      inhibition of TNP-specific B memory cell expression.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that TNP-LPS-induced B memory cells can be recalled
      by either TNP-LPS or DNP-Ficoll and that cyclosporin A (CsA) prevents the
      expression of these B memory cells when DNP-Ficoll and not TNP-LPS is the
      challenging antigen. The possibility that the mitogenic signal delivered by TNP
      LPS circumvents the inhibition exerted by CsA was investigated. It is
      demonstrated here that TNP-LPS, in its non-mitogenic (polymyxin-B-treated) as
      well as in its mitogenic form, is capable of driving TNP-specific B memory cells
      into the antibody-secreting stage, regardless of the presence or absence of CsA.
      It is suggested that both forms of TNP-LPS activate the same CsA-resistant
      subpopulation of B memory cells. The lack of DNP-Ficoll-induced memory expression
      in the presence of CsA is related to an intrinsic sensitivity to CsA inhibition
      of a subpopulation of B memory cells.

PMID- 3876072
TI  - Fc receptors as regulatory molecules.

PMID- 3876073
TI  - A gene probe for TEM type beta-lactamases.
AB  - A restriction fragment of plasmid pBR322 bearing the TEM-1 beta-lactamase
      structural gene was electroeluted from agarose gels after digestion with EcoRI
      and HinfI. The 1-kilobase fragment was 32P-labeled and used to examine genetic
      relationships with nucleic acids encoding seven other beta-lactamase classes. The
      probe hybridized only with TEM-2 and OXA-2 class plasmids.

PMID- 3876074
TI  - [Malignant lymphoma of the skin].
AB  - Diagnosis and therapy of malignant lymphoma of the skin were reviewed. Cutaneous
      T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), which is a new name for mycosis fungoides and Sezary
      syndrome, is one of the peripheral T-cell malignancies. It is generally confined
      to the skin for a long period of time, distinct from other malignant lymphomas,
      and may then progress to involve the lymph nodes and internal organs with a fatal
      outcome. Thus, diagnosis and therapy of CTCL may be different from those of other
      malignant lymphomas. Diagnostic characteristics of clinical, histopathological,
      haematological and immunological findings of CTCL were described. Differentiation
      between CTCL and adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) were discussed. As for the
      therapy for CTCL, there are five therapeutic modalities; local chemotherapy, PUVA
      therapy, electron beam irradiation therapy, systemic chemotherapy and combined
      modality. However, the most appropriate therapy for each stage of CTCL has not
      yet been determined. The advantages and dis-advantages of each therapeutical
      modality were discussed.

PMID- 3876075
TI  - [Studies on high-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue therapy in
      children: analysis of bone marrow cell kinetics by flow cytometry].
AB  - Nine children in remission from hematologic malignancies received infusion of
      methotrexate (2,000-6,000 mg/m2) for 24 hours followed by citrovorum factor
      rescue (beginning 36 hours after the start of MTX infusion). Marrow cell kinetics
      of these patients were studied by flow cytometry with computer analysis. An
      accumulation of cells in the early-mid S phase and a decrease of cells in the
      G2/M phase were observed at 24-48 hours after exposure to MTX except for one
      infant case. By the 6th day after MTX infusion, the DNA histograms returned to
      pretreatment values. No kinetic perturbation was observed in the marrow cells of
      a 1-year, 5-month-old infant who showed high plasma MTX concentrations over the
      median values of the other eight children. These results show that profound but
      reversible changes are observed in marrow cell kinetics in most patients treated
      with our current high-dose MTX therapy with CF rescue and that a repeated course
      would be possible without cumulative marrow toxicity. More studies in young
      infants are needed to clarify the relationship between age and marrow toxicity of
      MTX so that treatment schedules with a higher therapeutic index can be designed.

PMID- 3876076
TI  - Bone turnover in early rheumatoid arthritis. 1. Biochemical and kinetic indexes.
AB  - Biochemical, hormonal, and kinetic indexes of bone turnover were measured in 17
      ambulant female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of recent onset (mean
      disease duration 14.2 months) and 19 controls. Mean serum osteocalcin
      concentration and 85Sr accretion rates were reduced and mean urinary
      hydroxyproline-creatinine ratios were increased in RA, but these differences were
      not significant compared with control values. Mean total body potassium (TBK), an
      index of skeletal muscle mass, was significantly reduced in RA, and the ratio of
      observed to predicted TBK correlated with indexes of bone formation. No
      abnormality of skeletal metabolism could be shown in early RA, but reduced rates
      of bone formation associated with diminished muscle mass may influence the
      development of osteopenia later in the disease.

PMID- 3876077
TI  - Bone turnover in early rheumatoid arthritis. 2. Longitudinal bone density
      studies.
AB  - Serial measurements of bone mineral in 17 ambulant female patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of recent onset and 19 age matched female controls were
      made in the radius by computed tomography and in the vertebrae by dual photon
      absorptiometry. Loss of trabecular bone from the distal radius was more rapid in
      RA (p = 0.0014), but there was no difference in the rate of loss of bone mineral
      from the radial midshaft or lumbar spine compared with the controls. This study
      is consistent with the hypothesis that the predominant form of bone loss early in
      the disease is the vicinity of affected joints.

PMID- 3876078
TI  - Calcium absorption in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Calcium absorption, assessed by a double isotope method, was found to be impaired
      in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis of recent onset (mean 14.2
      months) compared with controls. Circulating levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
      (calcitriol) were higher than in controls, suggesting a primary malabsorption of
      calcium in these patients. The reduction in calcium absorption correlated with
      several measures of disease activity, suggesting that the disease process was
      responsible for the intestinal defect, but an effect from non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory agents cannot be excluded. A primary reduction in calcium absorption
      may increase the risk of osteoporosis in women with rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3876079
TI  - Arthritis and coeliac disease.
AB  - We report six patients with coeliac disease in whom arthritis was prominent at
      diagnosis and who improved with dietary therapy. Joint pain preceded diagnosis by
      up to three years in five patients and 15 years in one patient. Joints most
      commonly involved were lumbar spine, hips, and knees (four cases). In three cases
      there were no bowel symptoms. All were seronegative. X-rays were abnormal in two
      cases. HLA-type A1, B8, DR3 was present in five and B27 in two patients.
      Circulating immune complexes showed no consistent pattern before or after
      treatment. Coeliac disease was diagnosed in all patients by jejunal biopsy, and
      joint symptoms in all responded to a gluten-free diet. Gluten challenge (for up
      to three weeks) failed to provoke arthritis in three patients tested. In a
      separate study of 160 treated coeliac patients attending regular follow up no
      arthritis attributable to coeliac disease and no ankylosing spondylitis was
      identified, though in a control group of 100 patients with Crohn's disease the
      expected incidence of seronegative polyarthritis (23%) and ankylosing spondylitis
      (5%) was found (p less than 0.01). Arthritis appears to be a rare manifestation
      of coeliac disease. This relationship may provide important clues to the role of
      gastrointestinal antigens in rheumatic diseases.

PMID- 3876080
TI  - Raised serum hyaluronate levels in scleroderma: an effect of growth factor
      induced activation of connective tissue cells?
AB  - The circulating levels of hyaluronate were determined in 36 patients with
      scleroderma and in 36 control subjects matched for age and sex. The mean serum
      hyaluronate concentration in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (n =
      25) was 131 +/- 67 (SD) microgram/l and significantly greater (p less than 0.001)
      than that of the controls (mean level 49 +/- 21 (SD) microgram/l). Hyaluronate
      levels in patients with localised scleroderma (n = 4) were 141 +/- 47 (SEM)
      microgram/l and in patients with scleroderma-associated overlap syndromes (n = 7)
      202 +/- 54 (SEM) microgram/l. The increase in serum hyaluronate probably
      reflected an enhanced synthesis or outflow of hyaluronate from the connective
      tissue, or both; it could not be explained by affection of the liver, which is
      the catabolic site of hyaluronate. The hyaluronate values were not related to
      certain serological indicators of inflammatory activity or to the extent of the
      skin lesions or the severity of internal organ manifestations. A positive
      correlation was noted between circulating platelet counts and hyaluronate levels
      (p less than 0.001). Plasma beta-thromboglobulin was measured in 15 of the
      patients with systemic sclerosis and found to correlate positively with platelet
      counts. Raised levels of beta-thromboglobulin were associated with the highest
      hyaluronate values. Platelet-derived growth factor, which stimulates connective
      tissue cells and is stored in the alpha-granules of platelets together with beta
      thromboglobulin, was shown to enhance hyaluronate synthesis in fibroblast
      cultures. The results suggest an involvement in scleroderma of connective tissue
      activating substances released from platelets.

PMID- 3876081
TI  - HLA antigens and toxic reactions to sodium aurothiopropanol sulphonate and D
      penicillamine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - One hundred and forty-one patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with
      aurothiopropanol sulphonate or D-penicillamine, or both were examined for HLA
      antigens to investigate the genetic influence on the occurrence of different
      adverse reactions during therapy. All 13 patients possessing HLA-DR3 had toxic
      reactions. The relative risk for DR3 positives of developing skin eruptions or
      proteinuria was calculated to be 10.5 times and seven times respectively that of
      DR3 negatives. The incidence of DR7 antigen in 94 patients with toxic reactions
      was significantly decreased (11% compared with 28% in controls) suggesting a
      protective role for this antigen.

PMID- 3876082
TI  - Palindromic rheumatism and Felty's syndrome.
AB  - The coexistence of palindromic rheumatism and Felty's syndrome in a single
      patient is described. It is likely that these two manifestations are linked with
      the patient's possession of HLA-DR4 and that they are prodromata of the patient's
      eventual development of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3876083
TI  - Gastrointestinal tract involvement by prosthetic graft infection. The
      significance of gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
AB  - To investigate the patterns of interaction between vascular graft complications
      and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the incidence, pattern, and cause of GI
      bleeding among patients treated for secondary aortoenteric fistula (AEF) or
      chronic perigraft infection (PGI) was reviewed. Among 110 patients with infected
      grafts, there were 39 with secondary AEF and 71 chronic PGI. GI hemorrhage
      occurred in 24 AEF patients (61.5%), five PGI patients (9.4%) with
      aortoiliofemoral grafts (PGI-AIF), and in no PGI patients with peripherally
      located grafts (PGI-Other). The incidence of acute and chronic bleeding patterns
      was the same in both AEF and PGI patients. All GI bleeding in PGI patients was
      from the upper GI tract, whereas lower GI hemorrhage predominated slightly among
      AEF patients. Endoscopy was often negative among AEF patients (10 of 17) but
      always diagnosed the etiology of bleeding in PGI patients (gastritis in four;
      duodenal ulcer in one). Fifteen AEF patients (38%) had no evidence of GI bleeding
      at any time during evaluation. Acute hemorrhage among AEF patients was usually
      associated with an anastomotic fistula (10 of 14), while paraprosthetic fistulas
      often did not bleed (6 of 10) or bled chronically (12 of 15). Sepsis occurred
      significantly more often among AEF patients (8 of 39, 21%) than among PGI
      patients (2 of 71, 3.0%). However, there was no significant difference in the
      incidence of sepsis or systemic infection between PGI-AIF patients and PGI-Other
      patients. In summary, gastrointestinal involvement by prosthetic graft infection
      may be either direct (fistula formation), indirect (sepsis/infection induced
      stress gastritis or ulceration), or silent. No absolute correlation exists
      between GI hemorrhage and the presence or absence of a graft-enteric fistula.
      Endoscopic demonstration of nonfistula GI pathology does not exclude the presence
      of graft infection. Recognition of these patterns of GI tract involvement by
      vascular graft infection may facilitate prompt diagnosis and improve treatment
      results.

PMID- 3876084
TI  - Risk factors for severe bacterial infections after valve replacement and
      aortocoronary bypass operations: analysis of 246 cases by logistic regression.
AB  - Risk factors for severe bacterial infections, that is, deep sternal wound
      infection, pneumonia, septicemia, and prosthetic valve endocarditis, were
      evaluated in 246 consecutive patients undergoing valve replacement (N = 84) or
      aortocoronary bypass operation (N = 162). Multiple logistic regression analysis
      was applied to determine the ability of putative risk factors to predict
      infection. The risk factors considered were age, sex, diabetes mellitus, duration
      of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), duration of operation, amount of blood restored
      on the day of operation, repeat thoracotomy for bleeding, intraaortic balloon
      pumping, reoperation, emergency operation, and the professional status of the
      surgeon. Severe infections occurred in similar frequency after valve replacement
      (8/84; 9.5%) and aortocoronary bypass (11/162; 6.8%). For patients who had a
      bypass procedure, repeat thoracotomy was the only factor significantly associated
      with infection (p = 0.0004). However, the classification analysis revealed that
      this variable alone is too unspecific for a reliable prediction. Univariate
      analysis indicated that restoration of more than 2,500 ml of blood (p = 0.0001),
      reoperation (p = 0.0821), duration of operation (p = 0.0061), duration of CPB (p
      = 0.0318), and intraaortic balloon pumping (p = 0.0281) were associated with
      infection following valve replacement. A model with three variables emerged from
      the multiple logistic regression: after correction for blood restoration,
      reoperation, and duration of CPB, no other variable was of additional predictive
      value. For patients who underwent valve replacement, the model performed well in
      predicting complications. The classification analysis revealed a high
      correspondence between observed and predicted instances of infection: it
      correctly predicted 75% of the patients with infection and 96% of those without
      infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3876085
TI  - Surgical survival in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry.
AB  - The overall surgical survival data in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS)
      registry have not been published to date, pending the report of the randomized
      medical-surgical comparison (CASS randomized trial). Non-randomized surgical
      survival data from the CASS registry are given in this article. The overall
      medical survival data from the registry were reported previously as a natural
      history study. There were 8,991 patients in the registry portion of CASS who had
      primary isolated coronary artery bypass grafting and 8,971 with follow-up of more
      than 30 days. The 5-year survival for all 8,971 patients was 90%, and the
      operative mortality was 2.37%. Patients with left main coronary artery disease
      had an operative mortality of 3.84% and a 5-year survival of 85%, while patients
      with lesions in other vessels had an operative mortality of 2.12% and a 5-year
      survival of 91%. Among patients without left main coronary disease, the 5-year
      survival was 93% in those with single-vessel and 92% in those with double-vessel
      disease (operative mortality was 1.50% and 1.92%, respectively) and 88% in
      patients with triple-vessel disease (operative mortality was 2.62%; p = 0.009).
      When results for patients with left main coronary artery obstruction were
      compared with those for triple-vessel disease, the 5-year survival figures were
      85% and 88%, respectively (p = 0.02) and the operative mortality, 3.84% and
      2.62%, respectively (p = 0.03). Patients with normal or nearly normal left
      ventricular (LV) function (i.e., LV segmental wall motion scores ranging from 5
      through 11) had a 5-year survival of 92% and an operative mortality of 1.97%.
      Patients with moderate impairment (LV score range, 12 through 16) had a 5-year
      survival of 80% and an operative mortality of 4.21%. In those with poor
      ventricular function (LV score of 17 or greater), the 5-year survival was 65% and
      the operative mortality was 6.21%. The difference in survival among the three
      groups was significant (p less than 0.0001). Of 29 variables used in a stepwise
      Cox regression analysis, LV wall motion score, congestive heart failure score,
      age, number of operable vessels, smoking history, LV end-diastolic pressure, and
      percent of left main coronary artery stenosis were found to have a significant
      effect on long-term survival (excluding 30-day mortality), and these variables
      plus surgical priority and height influenced surgical mortality. When height was
      used in the Cox proportional hazards model, female sex was no longer a
      significant variable.

PMID- 3876086
TI  - A new method of autotransfusing blood drained after cardiac surgery.
AB  - Ideally, autotransfusion after cardiac surgical procedures should offer the
      protection of underwater-seal drainage and involve additional cost to the
      patients only if their blood is reinfused. A technique of returning the patient's
      postoperatively drained blood that employs these features and that we have found
      to be safe, simple, and cost-effective is presented.

PMID- 3876087
TI  - The frequency of malignant neoplasms in patients with polymyositis
      dermatomyositis. A controlled study.
AB  - Seventy-one patients with polymyositis-dermatomyositis (PM/DM) admitted to the
      Wellesley Hospital Rheumatic Disease Unit (RDU) in Toronto between 1965 and 1980
      were followed up to 1981. The frequencies of malignant neoplasms occurring prior
      to or concurrent with initial RDU admission were compared, using case-control
      methods, with age- and sex-matched control groups with a diagnosis of any non
      PM/DM rheumatic disease (rheumatic disease controls) or osteoarthritis,
      fibrositis, or fracture (noninflammatory musculoskeletal controls). In a cohort
      analysis, the incidence of malignant neoplasm subsequent to initial RDU admission
      in patients with PM/DM was compared with the expected incidence in the Canadian
      population. Fifteen of 71 patients with PM/DM had an antecedent or concurrent
      cancer compared with four of 71 rheumatic disease controls and one of 71
      noninflammatory musculoskeletal controls. Cohort analysis showed no increase in
      the number of subsequent malignant neoplasms in patients with PM/DM compared with
      the age- and sex-matched Canadian population.

PMID- 3876088
TI  - Operations for portal hypertension in China.
AB  - Portal hypertension is common in China. There have been 3,500 surgically treated
      cases reported since 1978. Of these, 97.8% were intrahepatic, of which 49.1% were
      postnecrotic cirrhosis and 41.0% were schistosomatic. Portosystemic shunting was
      performed in 59.9% of the cases and portacaval shunting was performed in one
      third, with an operative mortality of 0% to 7%. The rebleeding rate was 4.0% to
      24.1%. The five-year or greater survival rate was 63.8% to 83.0%. The rate of
      portal-azygous disconnection surgery has increased in recent years, constituting
      40.1% of the various types of operation. In contrast with the viewpoint in
      Western countries, prophylactic operation is available. When treating acute
      bleeding, most authors have preferred nonoperative treatment, but operation
      should not be delayed if this fails. The operative mortality of patients
      undergoing emergency portosystemic shunting was 16% to 44%; in patients
      undergoing portalazygous disconnection it was 7.1% to 44.3%.

PMID- 3876089
TI  - [Immunosuppressive effects of 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3 on human lymphocytes and
      monocytes/macrophages. 1. Suppression of PHA-blastogenesis and IL1 and IL2
      production].

PMID- 3876090
TI  - A new theory for thermal influences on endolymphatic flow.
AB  - We applied thermal stimuli to the partly isolated posterior canal of the bullfrog
      half-head preparation. Warming or cooling stimuli to the canal side changed the
      activity of the semicircular nerve. Our results suggest that changes in the
      endolymphatic density might be responsible for convection flow in the
      semicircular canal as well as calorically induced nystagmus.

PMID- 3876091
TI  - An experimental study on the physiological significance of the mode of cupular
      movement.
AB  - Isolated frog posterior semicircular canals were used. The ampullary nerve action
      potentials were recorded under three kinds of cupular movement, i.e., swing-door
      deflection, "cupula fixation-1" and "cupula fixation-2". Cupula fixation-1 was
      achieved by immobilizing the central top portion of the cupula, while cupula
      fixation-2 was achieved by immobilizing the entire top of the cupula. Cupula
      fixation-1 resulted in action potentials which were comparable to those of the
      swing-door deflection in terms of the maximum spike count and the stimulus
      response curve. Cupula fixation-2 resulted in potentials with the maximum spike
      count comparable to the swing-door deflection; however, the response increase
      rate was very low. The time courses of the potentials in those cases of cupula
      fixation-1 and -2 were extremely short (about 2-3s) when compared to that of the
      swing-door deflection. These findings suggest that the swing-door deflection is
      physiologically more relevant in giving the optimum increase in response rate, as
      well as maintaining the time course of the tonic response.

PMID- 3876092
TI  - Effect of chronic smoking on fibrinolysis.
AB  - The aim of the study was to investigate the long-term chronic effects of smoking
      on the fibrinolytic enzyme system by comparing two groups of healthy male
      volunteers (aged 30 to 40 years). One group consisted of 15 habitual smokers who
      consumed 20 or more cigarettes a day; the other consisted of 15 nonsmokers.
      Fibrinolysis was studied at rest (baseline) and after infusion of 1-desamino-8-D
      arginine vasopressin (DDAVP; 0.4 micrograms/kg body weight). Smokers had
      significantly lower baseline blood fibrinolytic activity as determined by the
      overall assays: dilute blood clot lysis (p less than or equal to 0.05) and
      euglobulin-fibrin plate assay (p less than or equal to 0.05). Further analysis
      showed that these low activities could be attributed to a lower baseline level of
      extrinsic tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity (p less than or equal
      to 0.05) in the smokers. There were no significant differences between the groups
      in various fibrinolytic inhibitors or in the intrinsic fibrinolytic activation
      pathways. The increased levels of t-PA activity and factor VIII R:Ag in response
      to DDAVP were also reduced in the smokers (p less than or equal to 0.01). The
      relative increase (ratio of post-DDAVP activity/baseline activity) for these
      parameters was not significantly different for the two groups. Smokers also had
      significantly higher levels of the acute phase reactants, alpha 1-antitrypsin (p
      less than or equal to 0.02) and plasminogen (p less than or equal to 0.02) and C
      reactive protein (p less than or equal to 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3876093
TI  - In vivo and in vitro analyses of the immunogenicity of B16 melanoma cells.
AB  - In vitro grown B16, an H-2b melanoma cell line, was found to kill B10 (H-2b),
      B10.BR (H-2k), CBA (H-2k), and BALB/c (H-2d) but not B10.D2 (H-2d) mice. BALB/c
      mice could be protected against a lethal dose of B16 by co-administration of H-2b
      spleen or peritoneal exudate cells, suggesting B16 was susceptible to an immune
      response but unable to induce it. However, evidence for the immunogenicity of B16
      tumour in vivo was shown in two ways--(i) by immunization with irradiated B16
      before lethal tumour challenge, and (ii) by demonstration of specific immunity in
      BALB/c mice which survived a low dose of viable B16 tumour. The resistance of
      most B10.D2 mice to doses of B16 tumour which were lethal to four other strains
      of mice was also compatible with the immunogenicity of B16 in vivo. By contrast,
      B16 was unable to induce a primary Tc-cell response in vitro but was able to
      induce a secondary response. The significance of these results for theories of T
      cell immunity to foreign tissue and for improving immunogenicity of tumours is
      discussed.

PMID- 3876094
TI  - A study of calcergy in the rat induced by the implantation of polyurethane
      sponges soaked in lead acetate.
AB  - Polyurethane sponges were soaked in a 5 mg/ml solution of lead acetate, dried,
      and implanted subcutaneously in rats. Sponges soaked in distilled water were
      implanted as controls. The reaction to the sponges was studied from 5 h to 140
      days after implantation, utilising sponge dry weight gain, rate of ingrowth of
      granulation tissue, histology and electron microscopy. Five hours after
      implantation, test sponges showed lead phosphate deposits in the central sponge
      zone and by one day the deposits stained positively for calcium. Transmission
      electron microscopy (TEM) showed needle-shaped crystals of hydroxyapatite.
      Ingrowth of granulation tissue into test sponges was delayed. Breakdown of the
      sponge matrix was observed in control sponges after 140 days. This model
      highlighted the physicochemical nature of the calcergic reaction, implicating
      fluid transudates/exudates in the initial stages.

PMID- 3876095
TI  - Choriocarcinoma presenting as a ruptured ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 3876096
TI  - Contractile responses of dendrites in the bullfrog retina.
AB  - Isolated retinae of the bullfrog were found to "contract" when excited either by
      electric stimulation of the optic nerve or by light stimulation of the
      photoreceptors. Involvement of the dendrites of the ganglion and amacrine cells
      in these contractile responses is suggested.

PMID- 3876097
TI  - DNA clastogenic activity of diethylstilbestrol.
AB  - Incubation of human leukocytes with the synthetic estrogen and known human
      carcinogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), for 40 min caused extensive DNA strand
      breakage (clastogenesis), as measured by a fluorometric assay. The level of DNA
      clastogenesis was dose dependent above an apparent threshold of 10 microM.
      Clastogenesis was increased by addition of cysteamine, a reducing agent and
      hydroxyl radical scavenger, and was blocked by low concentrations of plasma. DES
      epoxide, a weakly estrogenic derivative, was about one-tenth as potent as a DNA
      clastogen. Unexpected and paradoxical findings were observed when cells were
      treated with DES in the presence of a hydrogen peroxide-generating system plus a
      peroxidase. At the subthreshold concentration of 10 microM DES, the oxidizing
      system increased DNA clastogenicity, yet at 30 microM DES the oxidizing system
      decreased clastogenicity. The addition of superoxide dismutase to the oxidizing
      system increased clastogenicity at both concentrations of DES. DNA damage was
      largely blocked by arsenite, N-ethylmaleimide, iodoacetamide and bromophenacyl
      bromide. These experiments provide further indication of the complex nature of
      reactions involving DES which can lead to DNA damage and which may be relevant to
      DES-induced carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3876098
TI  - Cytochrome P-450 activity in hepatocytes following cryopreservation and monolayer
      culture.

PMID- 3876099
TI  - Impaired B cell proliferation by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 in patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - We examined the proliferative response to Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (SAC) by
      enriched peripheral blood B cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE). Responses of B cells from patients with active and inactive SLE were
      significantly lower than those of B cells from normal individuals.
      Hyporesponsiveness to SAC was not observed in healthy family members of SLE
      patients. This hyporesponsiveness did not correlate with prednisolone therapy and
      could not be attributed to serum factors; it did correlate with the presence of
      suppressor monocytes. However, we could not exclude the possibility of enhanced
      sensitivity of SLE B lymphocytes to suppressive signals delivered by the
      monocytes.

PMID- 3876100
TI  - Rheumatic fever-associated B cell alloantigens as identified by monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Mice immunized with B lymphocytes obtained from patients who had had well
      documented rheumatic fever in the past yielded 2 monoclonal antibodies, termed
      83S19.23 and 256S10, which identified certain alloantigens present on the B cells
      of these patients. The frequency of the B cell marker detected by clone 83S19.23
      in rheumatic fever patients was found to be 59%, 77%, and 74% in India, New
      Mexico, and New York, respectively. Monoclonal antibody 256S10 identified 75% of
      those rheumatic fever patients who were nonreactive to clone 83S19.23. Thus, the
      2 antibodies identify approximately 92% of all rheumatic fever patients and
      suggest the presence of a diallelic genetic marker for susceptibility to
      rheumatic fever.

PMID- 3876101
TI  - Detection of cross-reactive anti-DNA antibody idiotypes in the serum of systemic
      lupus erythematosus patients and of their relatives.
AB  - Two common cross-reacting anti-DNA antibody idiotypes designated 16/6 and 32/15,
      previously identified in the serum of patients who have systemic lupus
      erythematosus, were found in 24% and 7%, respectively, of 147 first-degree
      relatives. These findings imply that high-frequency germ-line genes exist among
      lupus relatives, as well as patients. These dominant or public anti-DNA antibody
      idiotypes are not likely to be pathogenic factors, but are probably a genetically
      associated phenomenon.

PMID- 3876102
TI  - [Effect of blood transfusion on the values of erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate
      and P50 in septic infants].

PMID- 3876103
TI  - Interaction of human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor with human leukocyte cathepsin
      G.
AB  - Interaction of human plasma alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) with human
      leukocyte cathepsin G was assessed by proteinase inhibitory capacity assays and
      electrophoretic analyses. Only a part of purified alpha 1-PI formed a 1 : 1
      complex (Mr = 74 000) with leukocyte cathepsin G. The formation of this complex
      was accompanied by the appearance of a great amount of a free, proteolytically
      modified form of alpha 1-PI (Mr = 50 000) which had lost its inhibitory capacity.
      The complex was unstable with time and the only dead end product observed was a
      modified, inactive form of alpha 1-PI. During the breakdown of the complex, no
      release of active enzyme could be measured by spectrophotometric assays. In spite
      of the fact that the equimolarity of the complex was convincingly demonstrated,
      studies of the alpha 1-PI-cathepsin G reaction showed that total inhibition of
      this proteinase needed a large molar excess of alpha 1-PI. Nevertheless, alpha 1
      PI acts as an efficient "suicide inhibitor" since no cathepsin G recovery was
      ever found.

PMID- 3876104
TI  - Impaired production of interleukin-2 in peripheral blood of patients with
      sarcoidosis.
AB  - In twelve patients with active sarcoidosis we attempted to explain the nature of
      reduced release on interleukin-2 (IL-2) and the consequent impairment in
      lymphoproliferative in vitro responses. The addition of exogenous IL-2 containing
      supernatants was unable to completely restore the defective uptake of 3H
      Thymidine suggesting that an impairment of IL-2 producer cells is not enough to
      explain the in vitro hyporesponsiveness of sarcoid lymphocytes. We also found a
      reduced number of precursors of IL-2 responder cells, as defined by peripheral
      blood lymphocytes bearing Tac determinant following in vitro stimulation with
      mitogens. The abnormalities of both IL-2 producer cells and precursors of IL-2
      responder cells in peripheral blood of patients with sarcoidosis are discussed,
      stressing the importance of the concept of compartmentalization of T lymphocytes
      in this disease.

PMID- 3876105
TI  - Left ventricular aneurysm. The Wessex experience.
AB  - One hundred patients with left ventricular aneurysms were operated on between
      February 1973 and January 1983. The principal indications for operation were left
      ventricular failure in 58, angina in 23, both in 17, with arrhythmia and systemic
      emboli accounting for one case each. Eighty five had had anterior infarction
      causing 82 anteroapical and three lateral aneurysms, while the remainder had had
      inferior infarcts resulting in 14 inferior aneurysms and one lateral aneurysm.
      Coronary angiography detected a single coronary lesion in 46%. Three patients had
      aneurysmal plication and the remainder had aneurysmectomy. Eleven mitral valve
      replacements were performed. Forty patients underwent coronary artery bypass
      grafting with a mean number of grafts per patients of 1.4. The early mortality
      was 7% with no early deaths since 1978. The actuarial five year survival was 68%,
      and 82% of survivors are in New York Heart Association class I or II (mean follow
      up three years). Left ventricular aneurysmectomy may be performed with a low
      operative mortality and good long term results.

PMID- 3876106
TI  - Resistance of human T-CFUcs to activated cyclophosphamide: a feature common with
      critical marrow stem cells?

PMID- 3876108
TI  - T-lymphocyte marker analysis in chronic neutropenia.

PMID- 3876107
TI  - Multimarker phenotypic characterization of adult and childhood acute
      lymphoblastic leukaemia: an Italian multicentre study.
AB  - A multicentre phenotypic study was carried out in Italy combining conventional
      immunological techniques with monoclonal antibody (MoAb) analysis in 190 cases of
      adult and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), in an attempt to define
      better the lineage relationship of the neoplastic cells. Of the 140 children
      evaluated, 79.3% expressed the common ALL (cALL) antigen (all analyses performed
      by MoAb), 11.4% were T-ALL and 9.3% were non-T, non-B, non-common ('null') ALL.
      The proportion of adult cALL cases was slightly lower (64% of the 50 cases
      studied) than that of childhood ALL, whilst the incidence of T-ALL was
      significantly higher in adults than in children (26% v. 11.4%, P less than 0.05).
      Because of the high proportion of cALL cases, the incidence of 'null' ALL in
      adult patients was similar (10%) to that of children, and lower than previously
      reported. The recognition of early pre-T-ALL cases (T1+, RFT2+, T10+, T6-, T11-,
      E-) contributed to the overall low proportion of 'null' ALL; prior to the use of
      MoAb, such cases would probably have been classified as undifferentiated acute
      leukaemia or 'null' ALL. The search for B-cell-related markers showed that the
      incidence of pre-B-ALL cases (cytoplasmic immunoglobulin positive cases) was
      similar in adults and in children (25.6% and 32%, respectively). Furthermore, the
      great majority of cases studied expressed the BA-1 antigen (92.8% of adults and
      79% of children), whilst the BA-2 antigen was found in 53% of cases (tested only
      in children), confirming a hierarchy in the expression of B-cell related markers
      in cALL: BA-1, BA-2, CyIg. Several of the 'null' cases also expressed the BA-1
      antigen on a variable proportion of cells, pointing to a possible B-cell origin
      of the blasts. This multicentre study shows that both in adult and in childhood
      ALL the combined use of conventional immunological markers and of a panel of MoAb
      allows identification of the cell lineage of the great majority of cases, thus
      reducing the number of 'null' ALL. Furthermore, these findings suggest that
      practically all cases of ALL belong either to the T or to the B cell compartment
      and that the neoplastic cells appear blocked at different levels along the
      lymphoid differentiation pathway.

PMID- 3876109
TI  - Behavioural evaluation of workers exposed to mixtures of organic solvents.
AB  - Reports from Scandinavia have suggested behavioural impairment among long term
      workers exposed to solvents below regulatory standards. A cross sectional study
      of behavioural performance was conducted among printers and spray painters
      exposed to mixtures of organic solvents to replicate the Scandinavian studies and
      to examine dose-response relationships. Eligible subjects consisted of 640 hourly
      workers from four midwestern United States companies. Of these, 269 responded to
      requests to participate and 240 were selected for study based on restrictions for
      age, sex, education, and other potentially confounding variables. The subjects
      tested had been employed on average for six years. Each subject completed an
      occupational history, underwent a medical examination, and completed a battery of
      behavioural tests. These included the Fitts law psychomotor task, the Stroop
      colour-word test, the Sternberg short term memory scanning test, the short term
      memory span test, and the continuous recognition memory test. Solvent exposure
      for each subject was defined as an exposed or non-exposed category based on a
      plant industrial hygiene walk-through and the concentration of solvents based on
      an analysis of full shift personal air samples by gas chromatography. The first
      definition was used to maintain consistency with Scandinavian studies, but the
      second was considered to be more accurate. The average full shift solvent
      concentration was 302 ppm for the printing plant workers and 6-13 ppm for the
      workers at other plants. Isopropanol and hexane were the major components,
      compared with toluene in Scandinavian studies. Performance on behavioural tests
      was analysed using multiple linear regression with solvent concentration as an
      independent variable. Other relevant demographic variables were also considered
      for inclusion. No significant (p greater than 0.05) relation between solvent
      concentration and impairment on any of the 10 behavioural variables was observed
      after controlling for confounding variables. Exposed/non-exposed comparisons
      showed a significantly poorer digit span among those exposed, but this has not
      been generally reported in the Scandinavian studies. The medical examination
      showed no abnormalities of clinical significance. The inability to replicate the
      findings of the Scandinavian studies could have been due to the shortness of the
      duration of workers' exposure, the type of solvents in the mixtures, use of
      different behavioural tests, or to selection factors.

PMID- 3876110
TI  - Serum complement components in patients with trachoma.
AB  - Serum C1q, C3, C4, and C5 components of complement levels were measured in 56
      healthy subjects and 98 patients with trachoma. Serum C1q and C3 levels were
      found to be significantly low in stages II and III. There was no change in serum
      C4 and C5 levels in any of the stages. The levels of C1q and C3 complement
      components in serum in stages II and III returned to normal as the disease
      resolved following the medical treatment.

PMID- 3876111
TI  - Purification and characterization of a non-vitellogenin, estrogen-induced plasma
      protein from the American bullfrog Rana catesbeiana.
AB  - A non-vitellogenin, estrogen-induced protein has been detected for the first time
      in the plasma of male Rana catesbeiana. A greater than 90% purification of this
      plasma protein was achieved by salt fractionation with Mg(II) followed by ion
      exchange chromatography on DEAE- and CM-cellulose. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis
      with various antisera showed no immunological cross-reactivity between this
      protein and vitellogenin. The molecular mass of the purified protein was
      determined to be 116 000 daltons by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis and 105 000 daltons by analytical ultracentrifugation.
      Sedimentation studies indicate the protein is a nonaggregating spherical monomer
      with a sedimentation coefficient of 7.5 S. Amino acid analysis demonstrated a
      composition different from that of vitellogenin and lipovitellin A. Limited
      proteolysis with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and Bacillus subtilis protease revealed
      no common peptides on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Phosphate analysis indicated that,
      on a molar basis, the non-vitellogen, estrogen-induced protein had less than or
      equal to 3% of the phosphate found in vitellogenin. Further studies of the
      structure, function, and metabolism of this protein may reveal information
      relating to the hormonal control of vitellogenesis.

PMID- 3876112
TI  - Epidermal growth factor from the mouse. Physical evidence for a tiered beta-sheet
      domain: two-dimensional NMR correlated spectroscopy and nuclear Overhauser
      experiments on backbone amide protons.
AB  - When H2O-exchanged, lyophilized mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF) is dissolved
      in deuterium oxide at low pH (i.e., below approximately 6.0), 13 well-resolved,
      amide proton resonances are observed in the downfield region of an NMR spectrum
      (500 MHz). Under the conditions of these experiments, the lifetimes of these
      amide protons in exchange for deuterons of the deuterium oxide solvent suggest
      that these amide protons are hydrogen-bonded, backbone amide protons. Several of
      these amide proton resonances show splittings (i.e., JNH alpha-CH) of
      approximately 8-10 Hz, indicating that their associated amide protons are in some
      type of beta-structure. Selective nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) experiments
      performed on all amide proton resonances strongly suggest that all 13 of these
      backbone amide protons are part of a single-tiered beta-sheet structural domain
      in mEGF. Correlation of 2D NMR correlated spectroscopy data, identifying scaler
      coupled protons, with NOE data, identifying protons close to the irradiated amide
      protons, allows tentative assignment of some resonances in the NOE difference
      spectra to specific amino acid residues. These data allow a partial structural
      model of the tiered beta-sheet domain in mEGF to be postulated.

PMID- 3876113
TI  - Calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate capacities of cardiac sarcoplasmic
      reticulum.
AB  - Both oxalate-supported and phosphate-supported calcium uptake by canine cardiac
      sarcoplasmic reticulum initially increase linearly with time but fall to a steady
      state level within 20 min. The departure from linearity could be due to a
      decrease in influx or to an increase in efflux of calcium. Because Ca2+-ATPase
      activity is linear, a decrease in the influx of calcium is an unlikely cause of
      the non-linear calcium uptake curves. A possible cause of an increase in calcium
      efflux is rupture of the vesicles. This hypothesis was tested by investigating
      the amount of calcium which could be released upon addition of 5 mM EGTA. The
      amount of rapidly releasable calcium was zero until a threshold calcium uptake of
      about 4-6 mumol calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate per mg was reached. After
      that point the rapidly releasable calcium continued to increase with calcium
      oxalate to reach more than 23 mumol/mg, but stayed constant at about 0.7 mumol/mg
      for calcium phosphate. The rapidly releasable calcium was attributed to calcium
      oxalate or calcium phosphate crystals externalized by vesicle rupture. The
      differences in the amounts of rapidly releasable calcium were attributed to
      different kinetics of calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate dissolution. Addition
      of ryanodine caused a marked increase in the threshold for rapidly releasable
      calcium oxalate. Transmission electron micrographs showed that vesicles can
      become filled with calcium oxalate crystals, but the vesicles were heterogeneous
      with respect to their size and their sensitivity to ryanodine. These observations
      support the hypothesis that calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate capacities are
      limited by vesicle rupture and that ryanodine increases the capacity by closing a
      calcium channel in a subpopulation of vesicles that otherwise would not
      accumulate calcium.

PMID- 3876114
TI  - Evidence for arginine residues in the immunoglobulin-binding sites of human Clq.
AB  - The immune complex binding activity of human Clq was lost following treatment of
      the protein with the arginine-selective reagents cyclohexane 1,2-dione and
      phenylglyoxal. Both inactivations followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The
      affinity of Clq for immune complexes was reduced 7-fold following cyclohexane-1,2
      dione treatment, and could be substantially restored by treatment of the modified
      protein with hydroxylamine. Heat-aggregated IgG protected Clq against
      inactivation by both reagents. Incorporation of 25 molecules of [7
      14C]phenylglyoxal per Clq molecule completely inactivated the protein. These data
      are consistent with the presence of arginyl residues in the immunoglobulin
      recognition sites of human Clq.

PMID- 3876115
TI  - Evaluation in guinea pigs of the allergenic capacity of two infant formulae based
      on hydrolyzed milk proteins.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential capacity of infant
      formulae based, respectively, on hydrolyzed casein and on hydrolyzed whey
      proteins to induce sensitization in guinea pigs. This potential capacity was
      tested by intravenous challenges with centrifuged formulae and by passive
      cutaneous anaphylaxis. The results showed that neither formula was sensitizing,
      therefore suggesting that protein hydrolyzates can be considered a suitable cow's
      milk substitute for infants with cow's milk protein intolerance. However, further
      studies are necessary in order to investigate whether these hydrolyzates are not
      allergenic in infants as well.

PMID- 3876116
TI  - The localization of transport properties in the frog lens.
AB  - The selectivity of fiber-cell membranes and surface-cell membranes in the frog
      lens is examined using a combination of ion substitutions and impedance studies.
      We replace bath sodium and chloride, one at a time, with less permeant substitute
      ions and we increase bath potassium at the expense of sodium. We then record the
      time course and steady-state value of the intracellular potential. Once a new
      steady state has been reached, we perform a small signal-frequency-domain
      impedance study. The impedance study allows us to separately determine the values
      of inner fiber-cell membrane conductance and surface-cell membrane conductance.
      If a membrane is permeable to a particular ion, we presume that the conductance
      of that membrane will change with the concentration of the permeant ion. Thus,
      the impedance studies allow us to localize the site of permeability to inner or
      surface membranes. Similarly, the time course of the change in intracellular
      potential will be rapid if surface membranes are the site of permeation whereas
      it will be slow if the new solution has to diffuse into the intercellular space
      to cause voltage changes. Lastly, the value of steady-state voltage change
      provides an estimate of the lens' permeability, at least for chloride and
      potassium. The results for sodium are complex and not well understood. From the
      above studies we conclude: (a) surface membranes are dominated by potassium
      permeability; (b) inner fiber-cell membranes are permeable to sodium and
      chloride, in approximately equal amounts; and (c) inner fiber-cell membranes have
      a rather small permeability to potassium.

PMID- 3876117
TI  - Nonsteady motion in unloaded contractions of single frog cardiac cells.
AB  - We studied the mode of shortening of enzymatically isolated single frog cardiac
      cells with a high-speed videosystem to see whether or not shortening is smooth.
      The segmental shortening of the cell in response to electrical stimulation
      exhibited a clear pause following the initial shortening over a distance of
      approximately 11 nm/half-sarcomere. Several preparations showed a second pause
      following the initial one. Nonsteady motion with a pause lasted usually a few
      tens of milliseconds. The duration of nonsteady motion was shorter in cells with
      large velocities of steady shortening following the pause than those with smaller
      velocities.

PMID- 3876118
TI  - [Frequency-dependent effects in an alternating electric field on an isolated frog
      heart].
AB  - An isolated frog heart placed in a special chamber with Ringer solution (pH 7.2)
      was stimulated by electric field at a frequency of 0.3-4.0 Hz with graphite
      electrodes immersed in the solution. Unusual resonance phenomena were observed
      during a progressive increase or decrease of the stimulation frequency: the
      amplitude of the mechanical responses of the preparation rose at multiple
      frequencies of stimulation, whereas the frequency of the responses remained
      unchanged.

PMID- 3876119
TI  - [Correlation between the number of serotonin type 2 receptors in the frontal
      cortex of the mouse brain and the expressivity of serotonin-dependent head
      twitches].
AB  - The number of serotonin type 2 receptors (S2) was measured in the frontal cortex
      of mice belonging to 7 inbred strains using specific 3H-spiperone binding. In the
      same mice, measurements were also taken of the number of 5-hydroxytryptophan
      induced (200 mg/kg i.p.) of head twitches (HT). A significant positive
      interspecific correlation was demonstrated between the number of S2 and HT. The
      conclusion is drawn that in the frontal cortex 3H-spiperone is bound to
      functionally active S2 and that the intensity of HT is largely controlled by the
      genetically determined number of S2 in the brain.

PMID- 3876120
TI  - [Appearance of clasmatosis in the normal and pathological liver].
AB  - It was established that clasmatosis of cytoplasmic fragments toward sinusoids
      occurred under normal physiological conditions (embryogenesis of chick liver, the
      liver of starved grass carp and silver carp) and pathological conditions
      (disturbance of rat hepato-intestinal circulation). The clasmosomes of rat and
      chick liver cells contained free ribosomes and small vesicles while those in the
      liver of starved fish consisted of glycogen. It was also shown that mitochondria
      with the signs of complete clasmatosis appeared in the hepatocyte cytoplasm
      immediately after the beginning of intensive bile secretion to the bile
      canaliculus (in liver cells of rat and chick embryo and in those of frogs after
      complete metamorphosis). Such mitochondria were partially disintegrated and were
      located near the bile canaliculi. It is assumed that clasmatosis of the fragments
      of the liver cell cytoplasm or mitochondria takes places where it is necessary to
      rapidly supply the body or cell with some products of metabolism or to remove
      something from the cell as is the case with erythroblasts, i. e. clasmatosis is
      one of the mechanisms of the adaptation of the cell and its organelles to changes
      in the environment.

PMID- 3876121
TI  - Detection of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase.

PMID- 3876122
TI  - Heterogeneity of type I von Willebrand disease: evidence for a subgroup with an
      abnormal von Willebrand factor.
AB  - Type I von Willebrand disease (vWD) is characterized by equally low plasma
      concentrations of von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) and ristocetin cofactor
      (RiCof) and by the presence of all vWF multimers in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)
      agarose gel electrophoresis. For 17 patients (13 kindreds) diagnosed with these
      criteria, we have studied the platelet contents of vWF:Ag and RiCof and the
      changes of these in plasma after DDAVP infusion. Platelet vWF:Ag and RiCof were
      normal in four kindreds (called "platelet normal" subgroup); following 1-deamino
      8-D-arginine vasopressin; plasma vWF:Ag, RiCof and the bleeding time (BT) became
      normal. In six kindreds, platelet vWF:Ag and RiCof were equally low (platelet
      low); after DDAVP, plasma vWF:Ag and RiCof remained low, and the BT was
      prolonged. In three additional kindreds, platelets contained normal
      concentrations of vWF:Ag, but RiCof was very low (platelet discordant); even
      though a complete set of multimers was found in plasma and platelets, there was a
      relatively small amount of large multimers. After DDAVP, plasma vWF:Ag became
      normal, but RiCof remained low and the BT was very prolonged. These findings
      demonstrated that there can be an abnormal vWF (RiCof less than vWF:Ag) even in
      type I vWD, coexisting with a complete set of vWF multimers (platelet
      discordant); that the abnormal vWF can be shown more clearly in platelets than in
      plasma or else in plasma after DDAVP infusion; and that DDAVP normalizes the BT
      only in those patients with normal platelet levels of both vWF:Ag and RiCof
      (platelet normal).

PMID- 3876123
TI  - Interleukin 2 production in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Interleukin 2 (IL 2) production by phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was investigated in 22 patients with active
      untreated B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and in 15 healthy donors.
      PBMCs from healthy donors demonstrated an IL 2 synthesis of 12.4 +/- 10 U/mL. B
      CLL PBMCs produced a significant amount of IL 2 (8 +/- 6.6 U/mL) despite the low
      percentage of T cells (13% +/- 8%) associated with this disease compared with
      that found in healthy donors (63% +/- 7.5%). If IL 2 production is expressed as
      units per milliliter per 10(4) T cells, its level in patients with B-CLL (1.1
      U/mL/10(4) T cells) is five times greater than that of the controls (0.19 units).
      When expressed as units per milliliter per liter of blood, the B-CLL patients
      produce approximately 12 times as much IL 2 as controls. IL 2 production in
      normal controls was doubled after irradiation of PBMCs or addition of
      indomethacin. This increase was not seen with B-CLL PBMCs suggesting that the
      latter have been devoid of prostaglandin-producing normal IL 2 suppressor cells.
      By mixing normal or B-CLL T cells with non-T cells we found that T cells from
      patients with B-CLL stimulated by normal accessory cells produced the same amount
      of IL 2 as normal T cells. Moreover, B-CLL non-T cells (mainly B leukemic cells)
      produced no IL 2 themselves but played a much more efficient role in IL 2
      production than did non-T cells from healthy donors. This was not due to
      detectable IL 1 production by these cells. The IL 2 produced by B-CLL PBMCs was
      partially purified and recovered in a 16,000 mol wt fraction, the same mol wt as
      IL 2 from normal cells.

PMID- 3876124
TI  - The expression of the Hodgkin's disease associated antigen Ki-1 in reactive and
      neoplastic lymphoid tissue: evidence that Reed-Sternberg cells and histiocytic
      malignancies are derived from activated lymphoid cells.
AB  - Ki-1 is a monoclonal antibody (raised against a Hodgkin's disease-derived cell
      line) that, in biopsy tissue affected by Hodgkin's disease, reacts selectively
      with Reed-Sternberg cells. The expression of Ki-1 antigen has been analyzed by
      immunocytochemical techniques in a wide range of human tissue and cell samples,
      including fetal tissue, malignant lymphomas (290 cases), and mitogen- and virus
      transformed peripheral blood lymphocytes. The antigen was detectable on a
      variable proportion of cells in all cases of lymphomatoid papulosis and angio
      immunoblastic lymphadenopathy and in 28% of the cases of peripheral T cell
      lymphomas (including lympho-epithelioid lymphomas). It was also expressed (more
      strongly) on tumor cells in 45 cases of diffuse large-cell lymphoma, most of
      which had originally been diagnosed as malignant histiocytosis or anaplastic
      carcinoma, because of their bizarre morphology. However, all of these cases
      lacked macrophage and epithelial antigens. Thirty-five cases expressed T cell
      related antigens (associated in nine cases with the coexpression of B cell
      related antigens), seven bore B cell-related antigens alone, and three were
      devoid of T and B cell markers. DNA hybridization with a JH specific probe showed
      a germline configuration in 11 cases of T cell phenotype, in two cases lacking T
      and B cell antigens, and in one case of mixed T/B phenotype, while rearrangement
      was found in two cases of clear B cell type and in one mixed T/B case. Expression
      of the Ki-1 antigen could be induced, together with interleukin 2 (IL 2)
      receptor, on normal lymphoid cells of both T and B cell type by exposure to
      phytohemagglutinin, human T leukemia viruses, Epstein-Barr virus, or
      Staphylococcus aureus. The results obtained indicate that Ki-1 antigen is an
      inducible lymphoid-associated molecule that identifies a group of hitherto poorly
      characterized normal and neoplastic large lymphoid cells. Tumors comprised solely
      of these cells show both morphological and immunological similarities to the
      neoplastic cells in Hodgkin's disease. This suggests that both disorders
      represent the neoplastic proliferation of activated lymphoid cells of either T
      cell or, less commonly, B cell origin. Disorders in which only a minority of
      cells express Ki-1 antigen (lymphomatoid papulosis, angio-immunoblastic
      lymphadenopathy, and certain T cell lymphomas) probably represent lesions in
      which only some of the abnormal cells have transformed into an "activation
      state." In direct support of this view is the finding that the Ki-1 expression in
      these lesions is accompanied by the expression of HLA-DR and IL 2 receptors.

PMID- 3876125
TI  - Inhibition of platelet adhesion to fibronectin, fibrinogen, and von Willebrand
      factor substrates by a synthetic tetrapeptide derived from the cell-binding
      domain of fibronectin.
AB  - The role in platelet function of the cell-binding region of fibronectin was
      explored by the use of synthetic peptides. The prototypical peptide gly-arg-gly
      asp-ser was capable of inhibiting thrombin-induced platelet aggregation without
      altering the degree of platelet activation as judged by the secretion of 14C
      serotonin. The peptide also effectively inhibited, in a concentration-dependent
      manner, the binding of radiolabeled fibronectin to platelets and the adhesion of
      platelets to fibronectin substrates. The smallest peptide from the cell-binding
      region of fibronectin which retained full activity was arg-gly-asp-ser.
      Transposition of amino acids or conservative substitutions of amino acids within
      this short sequence resulted in inactive peptides. Peptides containing the arg
      gly-asp-ser sequence were also capable of inhibiting the adhesion of platelets to
      fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor substrates. Examination of the entire panel
      of synthetic peptides for ability to inhibit adhesion to fibrinogen or von
      Willebrand factor substrates revealed the same structure-function relationships
      that had been determined in the studies with fibronectin.

PMID- 3876126
TI  - Tpa-induced maturation in secretory human B-leukemic cells in vitro: DNA
      synthesis, antigenic changes, and immunoglobulin secretion.
AB  - The maturation of malignant cells in response to differentiating agents is
      interesting as a model of normal differentiation. The response of a freshly
      explanted neoplastic population of phenotypically well-characterized
      lymphosarcoma cell leukemia blasts was studied after incubation with the
      differentiating agent TPA (12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate). Terminal
      differentiation was assessed by measuring the immunoglobulin secreted in culture
      supernatants and the production of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins. Activation
      of the cells was studied using fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibodies to
      various antigens in a flow cytometer (fluorescence-activated cell sorter) and 3H
      thymidine (3H-Tdr) incorporation was evaluated to measure DNA synthesis in cells
      grown in complete medium and TPA-supplemented medium. The events induced by TPA
      were characteristic of B cell maturation and included morphological changes to
      plasmacytoid cells, reduction in surface immunoglobulins (sIgM, sIgD, and K),
      enhancement of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin, and amplification of immunoglobulin
      secretion. Surface antigen changes were accompanied by increased 3H-Tdr
      incorporation. Cell proliferation and differentiation appeared to be coupled and
      both were amplified by TPA treatment. These observations indicate that TPA can
      promote maturation of malignant secretory B cells to a terminal differentiation
      stage. The significance of these findings to normal B cell differentiation and
      their potential clinical utility is discussed.

PMID- 3876127
TI  - In vivo administration of lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies in nonhuman
      primates: I. Effects of anti-T11 antibodies on the circulating T cell pool.
AB  - The effects of in vivo administration of three monoclonal antibodies specific for
      T11, the E rosette receptor on T lymphocytes, were examined in the rhesus monkey
      (Macaca mulatta). These three monoclonal antibodies were of different isotypes
      and were shown in in vitro studies to have differing affinities for the monkey
      T11 structure. Furthermore, each antibody induced antigenic modulation of T11
      from the cell membrane of the lymphocytes to varying degrees in vitro. In vivo
      infusion of each of these antibodies into normal rhesus monkeys caused remarkably
      different effects on the circulating T lymphocyte pool. Infusion of these
      antibodies at doses of 2 mg/kg caused the coating of circulating T lymphocytes
      with antibody, the modulation of T11 off the T cell surface and the transient
      clearance of T cells from the circulation. Yet, the variation in the extent to
      which these effects were seen with these different antibodies indicates that
      extrapolating from studies of the in vivo use of one antibody to the use of
      another may be quite difficult. These studies clearly indicate the strengths of
      this nonhuman primate system for exploring the uses of monoclonal antilymphocyte
      antibodies as therapeutic agents. They, however, also demonstrate that
      differences may exist in the affinity of a particular antibody for homologous
      lymphocyte surface structures in humans and in a nonhuman primate species. These
      differences may make it difficult to predict the precise effects that the
      infusion of an antibody will cause in humans on the basis of alterations it
      induces in nonhuman primates.

PMID- 3876128
TI  - Peripheral T cell lymphoma: immunologic and cell-kinetic observations associated
      with morphological progression.
AB  - Peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) form a morphologically heterogeneous group of
      non-Hodgkin's lymphomas that are generally considered to have immunophenotypes
      associated with mature T cells, usually those of helper T cells. We now describe
      and correlate the clinical, morphological, immunologic, and cell-kinetic findings
      based on the evaluation of eight tissue samples obtained at various times from a
      13-year-old girl with PTCL. The early morphological expressions of this patient's
      PTCL were those of diffuse mixed-cell lymphoma and focal large-cell lymphoma
      (LCL) evolving from the histologic picture of an atypical immune response (AIR).
      These morphological findings were associated with an immature T cell
      immunophenotype associated with cortical thymocytes--namely, sheep erythrocyte
      rosette (sER)+, T11+, Leu-2a+, Leu-3a+, HLA-DR+, OKT6-, OKT9+, OKT10+--and with
      cell-kinetic findings that showed no evidence of aneuploidy and few cells in S
      phase. Diffuse pleomorphic LCL developed, which was associated with further
      dedifferentiation of the neoplastic T cells to the immunophenotype sER-, T11+,
      Leu-2a-, Leu-3a-, HLA-DR+, OKT6-, OKT9+, OKT10- and with cell-kinetic findings
      that demonstrated a distinct aneuploid population and a dramatic increase in the
      percentage of cells in the S phase. The immunophenotype of the PTCL at the time
      of the patient's death was T11-, Leu-2a-, Leu-3a-, HLA-DR+, OKT6-, OKT9+, OKT10-,
      an immunophenotype indistinguishable from that of a non-B non-T cell lymphoma.
      The immunologic findings in this case also suggest that an AIR in some cases may
      represent a prelymphomatous state or may be a morphological expression of PTCL.
      These observations indicate that PTCLs may be characterized by rapidly changing
      clinical, morphological, immunologic, and cell kinetic findings which are best
      evaluated by multidisciplinary studies.

PMID- 3876129
TI  - Prostaglandin release mediates drug-induced stimulation of sodium transport in
      frog skin: the effects of quinacrine.
AB  - Quinacrine markedly increased the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) into the
      basolateral solution of the bullfrog skin from a control value of 32.7 +/- 21.7
      pg per 20 min period to a stimulated value of 8593.1 +/- 4112.3 pg per 20 min
      period. Quinacrine increased the amiloride-sensitive short circuit current from
      20.7 +/- 2.1 microA cm-2 to 45.4 +/- 6.5 microA cm-2. The stimulatory effects of
      quinacrine on both short circuit current and prostaglandin release were blocked
      in skins pretreated with indomethacin (10(-6) M). Quinacrine did not block either
      the stimulation of the short circuit current or the increase in PGE2 release
      caused by the calcium ionophore, ionomycin. These results suggest: (a) the
      release of PGE2 and the stimulation of the short circuit current caused by
      quinacrine are linked since blocking PGE2 release inhibits the stimulation of the
      short circuit current; (b) given the complexity of its actions, quinacrine is a
      poor tool to examine whether the effects of a given agent are mediated through
      the activation of endogenous phospholipases. In addition our results taken
      together with other findings in the literature suggest that there is a diverse
      group of compounds that stimulate transepithelial sodium transport by releasing
      PGE2.

PMID- 3876130
TI  - How likely is it that a district health authority can close its large mental
      hospitals?
AB  - A cross-sectional survey assessed all 1,087 patients who were in psychiatric beds
      provided by a large district health authority. The elderly predominated in all
      length of stay categories, and a high proportion of them had levels of social and
      physical incapacity which made it unlikely that they could be cared for other
      than in residential care. A substantial minority of younger patients with a
      length of stay between one and two years had levels of incapacity which suggested
      the need for major treatment, rehabilitation, or training efforts. The findings
      have major implications for Government policy to replace large mental hospitals.

PMID- 3876131
TI  - Study of cardiothoracic wound infection at St. Thomas' Hospital.
AB  - Wound infection occurred after 14.3 per cent of 433 open heart operations. In
      309, saphenous veins were harvested for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
      and 8.7 per cent of sternal wounds and 12.9 per cent of leg wounds were infected.
      Only 1.6 per cent of the remaining 124 patients who had open heart operations
      without leg surgery suffered sternal wound infections. In the CABG group sternal
      infection was theatre-related and significantly associated with length of pre
      operative stay, diabetes and re-operation. Similar organisms were isolated from
      both leg and sternal wounds which suggest that organisms were transferred from
      legs to sternum with the veins. No clinically relevant cross infection was
      demonstrated. Skin disinfection and surgical technique seem more important than
      antibiotic prophylaxis in the control of these infections.

PMID- 3876132
TI  - Selective visceral angiography for unexplained acute gastrointestinal bleeding.

PMID- 3876133
TI  - Dark red bleeding as a marker for large bowel neoplasms: a pilot study.

PMID- 3876134
TI  - Focal increase of blood flow in the cerebral cortex of man during vestibular
      stimulation.
AB  - This study is an attempt to reveal projection areas for vestibular afferents to
      the human brain. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were measured
      over 254 cortical regions during caloric vestibular stimulation with warm water
      (44 degrees C). rCBF was measured when the external auditory meatus was irrigated
      with water at body temperature as a control to vestibular stimulation. During
      vestibular stimulation there was only a single cortical area, located in the
      superior temporal region, which showed a consistent focal activation in the
      hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated side. On the rCBF display this area
      was located in the superior temporal region posterior to the auditory area,
      probably in the superior temporal gyrus. It is suggested that this area
      represents the primary projection area of the vestibular nerve and that it is the
      activation of this area during caloric stimulation that gives rise to the
      associated conscious vestibular sensation of vertigo.

PMID- 3876135
TI  - Neuro-otological abnormalities in xeroderma pigmentosum with particular reference
      to deafness.
AB  - The neuro-otological findings are described in 3 unrelated patients who had
      xeroderma pigmentosum. All had impaired hearing. Routine audiometric assessment
      suggested that the hearing loss was of cochlear origin; brainstem evoked
      potentials in 2 patients and electrocochleography in 1 support this conclusion.
      Two adult patients had a supranuclear ophthalmoplegia. Vestibular function was
      mildly deranged and visual suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex impaired.

PMID- 3876136
TI  - Subcortical dementia. Frontal cortex hypometabolism detected by positron
      tomography in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy.
AB  - The dementia associated with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is considered
      to be subcortical because the cerebral cortex, unlike the subcortical structures,
      is usually free from major neuropathological lesions; the characteristic symptoms
      point to a dysfunction of the prefrontal lobe. The regional cerebral metabolic
      rate of glucose (rCMR Glu) was studied by positron emission tomography and 18F
      fluoro-2-deoxyglucose18FDG in 6 patients presumed to have PSP and was compared
      with values found in 8 control subjects of similar age. The results obtained
      showed a highly significant rCMR Glu decrease in the prefrontal cortex of our
      patients. The loss of several subcortical afferents to prefrontal cortex may be
      responsible for the frontal cortical hypometabolism present in PSP.

PMID- 3876137
TI  - Nucleus isthmi provides most tectal choline acetyltransferase in the frog Rana
      pipiens.
AB  - Up to 9 weeks following the removal of unilateral retinal input, choline
      acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in the de-afferented tectal lobe is not
      significantly different from the intact tectal lobe. At 14 weeks, there is a 29%
      increase in the de-afferented side compared to the intact side. Following
      unilateral lesion of nucleus isthmi, ChAT activity in the tectal lobe ipsilateral
      to the lesion is approximately 30% of that measured in the contralateral lobe.
      Following bilateral n. isthmi lesion, ChAT activity in each tectal lobe is
      reduced by approximately 94% from intact tectal lobe controls. Thus, nucleus
      isthmi is the principal source of cholinergic input to the tectum.

PMID- 3876138
TI  - Single acetylcholine channel currents in sympathetic neurons.
AB  - Single acetylcholine (ACh) channel currents were studied by the gigaohm patch
      clamp technique in cultured sympathetic neurons of the bullfrog, Rana
      catesbeiana. Recordings were made at 22 degrees C on cell-attached and excised
      membrane patches. When ACh (0.5-1 microM) was present in the pipette, a single
      class of inward currents was observed with a chord conductance of 30 pS and a
      reversal potential of -2 mV. The mean channel open time was 11.6 ms at -65 mV and
      showed little or no voltage-dependence over the range -85 to -45 mV. These
      channels appear to mediate the fast nicotinic excitatory postsynaptic current.

PMID- 3876139
TI  - Suppression of MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice by nomifensine and
      L-DOPA.
AB  - To examine effects of various pharmacological manipulations of dopamine (DA)
      metabolism on DA neurotoxicity of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine
      (MPTP), C57 black mice were injected with MPTP (30 mg/kg s.c., once daily for two
      days) alone or in combination with apomorphine, bromocriptine, haloperidol, L
      DOPA or nomifensine. MPTP markedly decreased neostriatal DA concentrations at 2,
      10, 20 and 30 days post-treatment indicating persistent degeneration of
      nigrostriatal DA neurons. Suppression or acceleration of DA turnover rates by the
      DA agonists apomorphine and bromocriptine or by the DA antagonist haloperidol,
      respectively, did not affect MPTP toxicity. MPTP-induced neostriatal DA
      depletions were markedly suppressed by nomifensine, a DA reuptake inhibitor, and
      attenuated by exogenous L-DOPA. MPTP may be a substrate for the DA reuptake
      system and its specific transport into nigrostriatal terminals may be an
      important factor for its selective neurotoxicity.

PMID- 3876140
TI  - Loss and displacement of ganglion cells after optic nerve regeneration in adult
      Rana pipiens.
AB  - After studying pathway selection in the brain of Rana pipiens during unilateral
      optic nerve regeneration, several frogs were allowed to survive for lengthy
      periods for use in the present investigation. Retina flat-mounts were prepared
      from both eyes at 42-50 weeks postoperation. In some cases, HRP was infiltrated
      into both optic nerves prior to sacrifice to assist in identifying retinal
      ganglion cells. All specimens showed reduced cell-densities in the ganglion cell
      layer of the eye that had sustained the nerve regeneration. In addition, many
      ganglion cells were displaced, abnormally, into the inner plexiform layer, and
      the normally-situated cells formed irregular bands and islands in some parts of
      the retina. Cell-counts showed an apparently time-related change in neuron number
      ranging from a loss of 41% compared with the unaffected eye at 42 weeks, to
      losses as great as 71% at 50 weeks. The probable number of displaced amacrine
      cells in the ganglion cell layer, assumed to be unaffected by the experiment, was
      estimated at a maximum of 16%. Possible factors underlying the loss and
      displacement of ganglion cells are discussed.

PMID- 3876141
TI  - Toxic ricin demonstrates a dual dental projection.
AB  - Toxic ricin was used to study the central distribution of dental afferents in the
      cat. Following intrapulpal ricin injections ganglion cell degeneration is seen in
      the II and III ganglion divisions. Central argyrophilic degeneration occurs in
      the dorsal portion of all ipsilateral trigeminal nuclei. Ventral degeneration is
      seen in the pars interpolaris and pars caudalis. No contralateral degeneration
      was observed. The results are discussed with regard to previous studies of the
      central location of dental afferents.

PMID- 3876142
TI  - Perfusion of vasopressin within the ventral septum of the rabbit suppresses
      endotoxin fever.
AB  - The antipyretic action of arginine vasopressin (AVP), administered into a lateral
      cerebral ventricle or directly into the brain tissue via push-pull perfusion, was
      investigated in conscious New Zealand White rabbits. Administration of AVP into a
      lateral cerebral ventricle (ICV) was ineffective in reducing an endotoxin-induced
      fever and did not alter body temperature in the afebrile rabbit. Control push
      pull perfusions with the carrier vehicle were without effect on endotoxin fevers
      or normal body temperature. Perfusion of the vehicle containing AVP provided
      significant antipyretic activity against both intravenous (IV) and ICV endotoxin
      without affecting normal body temperature. Both the maximum fever height and the
      fever index were significantly reduced during AVP perfusion. Tissue sites in
      which AVP was found to be antipyretic were located in the rostroventral parts of
      the septal region, at sites similar to those where perfusion of the peptide
      caused antipyresis in the sheep and rat. These results support the hypothesis
      that AVP, or a closely related molecule, may modulate fever within the central
      nervous system.

PMID- 3876143
TI  - [Vagotomy and gastroduodenal hemorrhage].

PMID- 3876144
TI  - Preliminary observations on the effects of stimulation of cardiac nerves in man.
AB  - The dorsal mediastinal cardiac nerves were stimulated in 20 patients undergoing
      coronary artery bypass surgery. In no instance was an untoward effect produced in
      any of the patients. Stimulation of a cardiac nerve increased heart rate in eight
      patients and slowed heart rate in eight patients. In 12 patients stimulation of a
      cardiac nerve increased mean aortic pressure while in 8 patients it was
      decreased, even though the patients were supported by a total body perfusion
      pump. In 11 patients stimulation of a cardiac nerve resulted in a decrease in the
      coronary artery bypass graft flow, even though aortic pressure was unchanged or
      increased. These preliminary results suggest that individual cardiac nerves in
      the dorsal mediastinum of man may be capable of modifying heart rate, total
      peripheral vascular resistance, or coronary artery resistance. Furthermore, they
      demonstrate that stimulation of human dorsal mediastinal cardiac nerves can be
      done without untoward effects and that such stimulations may be a means to
      investigate the complexity of neural regulation of the human heart.

PMID- 3876146
TI  - Effects of L-canavanine on immune function in normal and autoimmune mice:
      disordered B-cell function by a dietary amino acid in the immunoregulation of
      autoimmune disease.
AB  - This study reports the effects in vitro and in vivo of L-canavanine (LCN), an
      amino acid found in commonly consumed legumes, on immune function in normal and
      autoimmune mice. L-Canavanine in high doses effectively blocks all DNA synthesis
      in vitro within 24 h. At lower doses, LCN affects B-cell function of autoimmune
      New Zealand Black/New Zealand White (NZB/NZW)F1 mice, inhibiting [3H]thymidine
      incorporation in response to B-cell mitogens, and pokeweed-induced
      intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin synthesis. LCN stimulates intracytoplasmic
      immunoglobulin (IgG greater than IgM). T-cell functions such as
      lymphoproliferation in response to concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin and T
      cell cytotoxicity are not affected. Suppression of the lipopolysaccharide
      response by LCN is removed by the addition of fresh B cells. Addition of the
      amino acid to mouse diet resulted in a decrease in the life-span of the
      autoimmune NZB and (NZB X NZW)F1 mice and abolished the protective effect of male
      sex on their survival. The decrease in survival in LCN-treated autoimmune mice
      correlated with an increase in spontaneous immunoglobulin-secreting cells (IgG
      greater than IgM) and antinuclear and double-stranded DNA antibodies. The
      histopathological analyses revealed increased glomerular damage and
      immunoglobulin deposition in the kidneys of the LCN-treated autoimmune and normal
      (DBA/2) mice. Ten percent of normal mice developed high titers of autoantibodies
      after 24 weeks of the diet. These data suggest a dietary amino acid, L
      canavanine, affects B-cell function resulting in autoimmune phenomena and
      providing a new animal model of autoimmunity, a diet-induced systemic lupus
      erythematosus.

PMID- 3876145
TI  - Methoxyphenamine metabolism in rat models of human debrisoquine phenotypes.
AB  - The metabolism of the beta 2-adrenoceptor agent methoxyphenamine was investigated
      in rats of the Lewis and Dark Agouti strains, which are proposed models for human
      extensive and poor metabolizers of debrisoquine, respectively. Following oral
      ingestion of 20 mg kg-1 of methoxyphenamine, Dark Agouti excreted, on the
      average, significantly more methoxyphenamine and less O-demethylmethoxyphenamine
      and 5-hydroxymethoxyphenamine in 0- to 24-h urine than Lewis. In contrast, the N
      demethylation of methoxyphenamine showed no interphenotype differences between
      the two strains. It is possible that in rats, the form of cytochrome P-450, which
      controls the 4-hydroxylation of debrisoquine, may also control the O
      demethylation and aromatic 5-hydroxylation of methoxyphenamine.

PMID- 3876147
TI  - Steroid use in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

PMID- 3876148
TI  - Fractional doses of DPT vaccine.

PMID- 3876149
TI  - CAMP chemotherapy for metastatic non-oat cell bronchogenic carcinoma. A 7-year
      experience (1975-1981) with 160 patients.
AB  - Between January 1975 and December 1981, 160 patients with metastatic non-oat cell
      bronchogenic carcinoma (MNOBC) were treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin,
      methotrexate, and procarbazine (CAMP), or with a CAMP-like regimen. Forty-two
      (26%) of these patients demonstrated an objective response to the chemotherapy
      with a median survival of 61 weeks. Thirty-nine (24%) patients had stable disease
      (SD) with a median survival of 45 weeks. Seventy-nine patients (49.4%) were
      nonresponders with a median survival of 15 weeks. There was a significant
      difference in survival times between the responders and the SD patients, and
      between the responders and SD patients and the nonresponders. Responses were seen
      in 11% of the patients with squamous cell carcinoma and in 37% of the patients
      with adenocarcinoma. There was a significant difference in the response and SD
      categories in favor of adenocarcinoma over squamous cell carcinoma. Once a
      response was achieved, the median survival of the patients with adenocarcinoma
      was not significantly longer than that of the patients with squamous cell
      carcinoma.

PMID- 3876150
TI  - Well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma with peripheral blood involvement,
      osteolytic bone lesions, and hypercalcemia. A case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - It is rare for small lymphocytic B-cell malignancies to be associated with
      osteolytic bone lesions and/or hypercalcemia. The authors present an unusual case
      of well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (DWDL) in a 70-year-old man who had
      osteolytic bone lesions and subsequently developed severe refractory
      hypercalcemia. The possible etiologic mechanisms responsible for these findings
      are discussed, and a brief review of the literature is presented.

PMID- 3876151
TI  - Activation of natural resistance against lung metastasis of an adenocarcinoma in
      T-cell depressed spontaneously hypertensive rats by infection with Listeria
      monocytogenes.
AB  - We report here our study of the role of natural host defense mechanisms mediated
      by macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells in an experimental model of
      spontaneous pulmonary metastases of a mammary adenocarcinoma SST-2 in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with congenital T-cell depression. To
      activate macrophages and NK cells, Listeria monocytogenes (LM) was injected IV
      into SHR which had received a transplantation of SST-2. To assess the
      antimetastatic responses induced by LM, the number of lung nodules and the lung
      weight in SHR were evaluated 30 days after tumor inoculation. The growth of lung
      metastases, though not of primary tumors, was significantly reduced if 10(7) LM
      were injected IV into SHR 2, 10 and 20 days after the SC transplantation of 5 X
      10(4) or 5 X 10(5) SST-2. An inhibitory effect of LM on pulmonary metastases was
      also observed in tumor-excised rats, in which the number of lung metastases and
      the lung weight were enhanced as compared with those in tumor-bearing rats which
      had not undergone surgery. Peritoneal resident cells which were harvested from
      rats injected with LM showed a significant augmentation of tumoricidal activity
      against SST-2 cells as measured by in vitro cytotoxicity. Similarly, the NK
      activity of spleen cells of SHR injected with LM increased significantly when
      compared with untreated SHR. These data suggest that the inhibition of metastatic
      growth, though not of primary tumor growth, was accomplished by the, possibly T
      cell independent, activation of macrophages and NK cells.

PMID- 3876152
TI  - Pseudotumor cerebri in a boy with 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency--a possible
      relation to rapid steroid withdrawal.
AB  - A boy who was known to suffer from adrenogenital syndrome due to 11-beta
      hydroxylase deficiency was treated with appropriate steroid replacement, which
      fully compensated for the deficiency. An intercurrent febrile illness with
      anorexia and vomiting necessitated an abrupt discontinuation of steroids. He
      presented with classic signs of pseudotumor cerebri 3 days following steroid
      withdrawal. Our studies imply that a combination of steroid withdrawal and
      dehydration with increased sodium urinary excretion, caused rapid fluid shifts
      within the brain, resulting in intracranial hypertension. At present, when a
      considerable number of children are on long-term steroids for various reasons,
      pseudotumor cerebri should be considered in the list of complications during
      abrupt steroid withdrawal.

PMID- 3876153
TI  - Intimal hyperplasia in autogenous vein grafts used for arterial bypass: a canine
      model.
AB  - Late vein graft occlusion following myocardial revascularisation is usually the
      result of progressive intimal hyperplasia which ultimately leads to vein graft
      thrombosis. Considerable attention has recently been directed towards the
      development of optimal platelet-inhibiting drug regimens designed to prevent
      intimal hyperplasia in autogenous vein grafts. This report describes an animal
      model that reliably reproduces short-term intimal hyperplasia in autogenous vein
      grafts, thus facilitating the study of platelet-inhibiting drug regimens for the
      prevention of intimal hyperplasia. 28 segments of undistended jugular vein were
      implanted end-to-end between bilaterally divided femoral arteries in 14 mongrel
      dogs. Seven control animals (CON) received a non-lipid diet one week before and
      for 6 weeks following vein implantation. A further seven animals received a 2%
      cholesterol diet throughout the study. Serum cholesterol was measured at 4.06 +/-
      0.6 mmol X litre-1 in the CON and did not change significantly throughout the
      study. Serum cholesterol rose from 3.9 +/- 0.4 to 8.5 +/- 0.8 mmol X litre-1 in
      the lipid-supplemented animals (p less than 0.001). Vein grafts were harvested at
      6 weeks and fixed in formaldehyde. Precise measurements of intimal thickness in
      microns were measured from multiple vein graft cross-sections with a Zeiss
      computerised interactive image analysing system. A mean of 102 +/- 15
      measurements were made from each vein graft cross-section. Intimal thickness of
      autogenous vein grafts prior to implantation were similar in both groups and
      measured 4.15 +/- 0.4 micron. Intimal thickness increased in CON animals to 23.3
      +/- 3 microns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3876154
TI  - [Characterization of non-specific organ autoantibodies].

PMID- 3876155
TI  - Migraine and therapy.

PMID- 3876156
TI  - Minor histocompatibility antigens are developmentally regulated on murine
      embryonal carcinoma cells and their early differentiated derivatives.
AB  - Differences in the expression of minor histocompatibility (Hm) alloantigens on
      two mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell lines and the PYS-2 and T.D.M.-1
      differentiated derivatives have been demonstrated by their ability to elicit a
      cytolytic T lymphocyte response. Experiments involving the use of various
      responder-target strain combinations and recombinant inbred mice strains have
      shown that: (1) there are major differences in Hm expression on EC cells compared
      with differentiated derivatives whose Hm expression appears more like that of
      adult splenocytes; (2) although both EC cell lines show reduced Hm immunogenicity
      compared with adult splenocytes, major differences in the expression and possible
      presentation of Hm between the F9 and PCC3 EC cell lines can be detected by in
      vivo priming and by in vitro cold competition target experiments. These
      observations are discussed in relation to the differences in allograft rejection
      patterns observed with PCC3 and F9 and to possible differences in developmental
      staging of these cell lines.

PMID- 3876157
TI  - Morphologic and phenotypic analysis of canine natural killer cells: evidence for
      T-cell lineage.
AB  - Canine natural killer (NK) activity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity were studied utilizing a canine thyroid adenocarcinoma cell line and
      a lymphoblastoid cell line (CT-45S), respectively, as cell targets. Fractionation
      of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by Percoll discontinuous-gradient
      centrifugation resulted in a six- to sevenfold enrichment in large granular
      lymphocytes (LGL) in parallel with a twofold increase in NK activity (%specific
      lysis) in low-density fractions. Further enrichment in LGL (78 +/- 6%) and NK
      activity (threefold increase) was obtained by lytic treatment of low-density
      fractions 2 and 3 with monoclonal antibody WIG4. By means of cytolytic treatment
      with additional monoclonal antibodies the phenotype of canine NK cells was
      determined as Dly-1+, Dly-6+, 1A1+, E-11+, DT-2-, WIG4-. Some NK cells were also
      Ia+. NK activity was relatively radioresistant with 40% specific lysis even after
      irradiation with 40 Gy. Among the populations examined, the highest NK activity
      was found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, followed by splenic mononuclear
      cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells. These results indicate that canine NK
      cells have the morphology of LGL, are relatively radioresistant, and express cell
      surface antigens suggesting a T-cell lineage.

PMID- 3876158
TI  - Local cellular defenses in influenza-infected lungs.
AB  - The functional capacities and surface phenotype of the cells that accumulate in
      the lungs of hamsters during influenza A virus (PR/8/34) infection were studied
      to determine the cellular mechanisms that may limit the viral infection in the
      lung. Nonspecific natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity was augmented early (3 days)
      after infection in the lung but was undetectable at 6 days postinoculation. Virus
      specific cytotoxic cells were detected within populations of mononuclear cells
      harvested from the lung but not from the hilar lymph node or spleen of influenza
      infected hamsters following intratracheal inoculation. In contrast to virus
      specific cytotoxic activity which remained locally, delayed-type hypersensitivity
      (DTH) activity was detected in assays in which cells were used from lung, hilar
      lymph nodes, or spleen. Depletion studies using rabbit anti-asialo GM1 and newly
      developed mouse monoclonals WI20 and WI38, which detect surface antigens on
      hamster T-lymphocyte populations, demonstrated that in the hamster NK cells are
      asialo GM+, WI20-, WI38-; DTH lymphocytes are asialo GM-, WI20+, WI38-; and
      cytotoxic T lymphocytes are asialo GM-, WI20+, WI38+. Together these data suggest
      that antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells can be induced locally within the hamster
      lung during influenza infection, but that they appear to be unable to circulate
      systemically, unlike the T cells that mediate DTH. Thus while the lung appears to
      share some immune responses to local infections with peripheral lymphoid organs,
      effector cells can be induced to develop locally and may be regulated locally
      without a mandatory involvement of the systemic immune system.

PMID- 3876159
TI  - Human natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes require cell surface
      carbohydrate determinants for lytic function.
AB  - Cloned and uncloned populations of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes (CTL) were treated with tunicamycin, an antibiotic that inhibits N
      linked glycosylation, in order to study the potential role of cell surface
      carbohydrate determinants in lytic function. It is shown that tunicamycin-treated
      NK and CTL effector cells lose killer function in a dose-dependent manner. This
      effect is reversible; cells washed free of tunicamycin begin to recover their
      killer activity within 2 to 3 days after initial treatment. Conjugate experiments
      indicate that killer-target cell binding is not affected by tunicamycin treatment
      of the NK cells. It is also shown that tunicamycin treatment of target cells does
      not significantly affect their ability to be lysed by NK or CTL effector cells.
      These studies provide evidence that carbohydrate determinants are important in
      the lytic mechanism of both CTL and NK cells, rather than in specific effector
      target cell binding.

PMID- 3876160
TI  - The effects of an induced adenosine deaminase deficiency on T-cell
      differentiation in the rat.
AB  - Inherited deficiency of the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) has been found in a
      significant proportion of patients with severe combined immunodeficiency disease
      and inherited defect generally characterized by a deficiency of both B and T
      cells. Two questions are central to understanding the pathophysiology of this
      disease: (1) at what stage or stages in lymphocyte development are the effects of
      the enzyme deficiency manifested; (2) what are the biochemical mechanisms
      responsible for the selective pathogenicity of the lymphoid system. We have
      examined the stage or stages of rat T-cell development in vivo which are affected
      by an induced adenosine deaminase deficiency using the ADA inhibitors, erythro-9
      (2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA) and 2'-deoxycoformycin (DCF). In normal rats
      given daily administration of an ADA inhibitor, cortical thymocytes were markedly
      depleted; peripheral lymphocytes and pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S)
      all were relatively unaffected. Since a deficiency of ADA affects lymphocyte
      development, the regeneration of cortical and medullary thymocytes and their
      precursors after sublethal irradiation was used as a model of lymphoid
      development. By Day 5 after irradiation the thymus was reduced to 0.10-0.5% of
      its normal size; whereas at Days 9 and 14 the thymus was 20-40% and 60-80%
      regenerated, respectively. When irradiated rats were given daily parenteral
      injections of the ADA inhibitor plus adenosine or deoxyadenosine, thymus
      regeneration at Days 9 and 14 was markedly inhibited, whereas the regeneration of
      thymocyte precursors was essentially unaffected. Thymus regeneration was at least
      40-fold lower than in rats given adenosine or deoxyadenosine alone. Virtually
      identical results were obtained with both ADA inhibitors, EHNA and DCF. The
      majority of thymocytes present at Day 9 and at Day 14 in inhibitor-treated rats
      had the characteristics of subcapsular cortical thymocytes which are probably the
      most ancestral of the thymocytes. Thus, an induced ADA deficiency blocked the
      proliferation and differentiation of subcapsular cortical thymocytes which are
      the precursors of cortical and medullary thymocytes.

PMID- 3876161
TI  - Is IL-2 regulated by a serum inhibitor?
AB  - Normal murine serum inhibits the proliferation of cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes
      driven by pure interleukin 2 (IL-2), indicating that a component of normal murine
      serum is directly inhibitory to IL-2-dependent proliferation. However, the effect
      is not specific to such cells, since an IL-2-independent variant cell, and a
      number of lymphoid tumor cell lines are similarly inhibited. Addition of purified
      IL-2 does not overcome the inhibition, although its degree is reduced.
      Fractionation of murine serum showed that there are at least two inhibitory
      activities, which migrate with globular proteins of molecular weights greater
      than or equal to 10(6) and 4 X 10(4), respectively, on gel chromatography.
      Neither of the activities was specific for IL-2-dependent cells. Furthermore,
      murine IL-2 is stable in murine serum in vitro, although it disappears rapidly
      from the circulation after intravenous injection. It is therefore unlikely that
      serum inhibitor of IL-2 is an important immunoregulator in vivo.

PMID- 3876162
TI  - The generation of effector T cells in influenza A-infected, cyclosporine A
      treated mice.
AB  - Specific effector T cells that mediate DTH to influenza virus were found to be
      formed in vivo in CsA-treated mice. The activity of these cells could only be
      measured when they were transferred into untreated naive mice. The cells
      mediating DTH were H-2 restricted in the I region of the MHC. When effector T
      cells that mediated DTH were transferred into CsA-treated recipients, no DTH
      activity could be detected. Influenza-specific cytotoxic T cells could not be
      detected in the spleens of CsA-treated mice given virus intravenously, even when
      drug treatment was started 3 days after virus administration. There was only a
      partial restoration of cytotoxic activity when spleen cells from CsA-treated
      infected mice were cultured in the presence of virus-infected stimulators. This
      seemed to indicate that Class I-restricted responses were more susceptible to CsA
      than the generation of Class II (or I-region-restricted) responses.

PMID- 3876163
TI  - Different reactivity of activated human B cells to B-cell growth factor and
      interleukin 2 in the costimulation assay with anti-IgM antibody and in the
      preactivation assay with Staphylococcus bacteria.
AB  - The two main assay systems which have been developed for the study of lymphokine
      mediated human B-cell proliferation, i.e., the costimulation assay with anti-mu
      antibody and the preactivation assay with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC)
      bacteria, were compared. Purified interleukin 2 (IL-2), obtained by the
      recombinant DNA technology (r-IL-2), enhanced the proliferative response of anti
      mu-stimulated human B cells in the costimulation assay with anti-mu antibody and
      maintained the B-cell proliferation induced by preactivation with SAC bacteria.
      Although the majority of T-cell clones, established from normal peripheral blood
      T lymphocytes, showed production of both IL-2 and B-cell growth factor (BCGF)
      following phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulation, some T-cell clones were found
      whose supernatants (PHA-SN), apparently free of IL-2, manifested strong BCGF
      activity in the costimulation assay with anti-mu antibody. However, the same
      clonal, IL-2-free, T-cell SN displayed no BCGF activity in the preactivation
      assay with SAC bacteria. When B cells were activated for 3 days with anti-mu
      antibody, followed by the addition of r-IL-2 or clonal T-cell SN containing BCGF
      for an additional 3 days, r-IL-2 showed the ability to maintain B-cell
      proliferation, whereas clonal SN containing BCGF had virtually no effect. These
      data indicate that the costimulation assay with anti-mu antibody explores the
      reactivity of normal human B cells to both BCGF and IL-2, whereas the
      preactivation assay with SAC bacteria, due to a shorter reactivity to BCGF of
      activated human B cells, essentially represents a probe for the study of IL-2
      promoted B-cell proliferation.

PMID- 3876164
TI  - Calcium in lymphotoxin-mediated cytolysis: cellular pools, fluxes, and role of
      extracellular concentration.
AB  - This study explores, by kinetic analysis, the movement of calcium among cellular
      pools of target cells in which cytotoxicity is induced by human lymphotoxin, and
      evaluates the requirement for calcium in this reaction. We employed the kinetic
      model of Borle to quantitate flux rates and pool sizes. It was found that the
      rate of flux between the surface (plasma membrane-glycocalyx) compartment and the
      intracellular compartment was greatly increased. The size of the total
      exchangeable intracellular calcium pool was not altered, but there was an
      apparent decrease in the size of the surface calcium pool. This latter phenomenon
      may be related to the blebbing and exfoliation of plasma membranes under the
      influence of the lymphokine. Lymphotoxin-induced cytotoxicity is observed in
      calcium-free medium and over a range of calcium concentrations. These results
      argue against cell death due to a massive in rush of calcium into the cell under
      these circumstances.

PMID- 3876165
TI  - Growth of human bone marrow in vitro.
AB  - Attempts were made to establish human bone marrow (HBM) culture. Cell
      proliferation was triggered by medium conditioned by acute myelocytic leukemic
      (AML) cells exposed to 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). A 6-15 fold
      multiplication of myelomonocytic cells was obtained in tissue culture from HBM
      cells. Proliferation of granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells (CFC-GM)
      occurred up to 30-fold. The morphology of the cells and cytochemical markers were
      investigated at all stages of the culture.

PMID- 3876166
TI  - [SP1 serum levels during cholestatic hepatosis and chronic hepatitis].

PMID- 3876167
TI  - [Use of diadynamic currents in sexual dysfunction].

PMID- 3876168
TI  - Amoebiasis and its control.
AB  - On a global scale, 480 million people were recently estimated to be infected with
      Entamoeba histolytica and some 48 million people suffer from invasive amoebiasis.
      The latter, in the intestinal and extra-intestinal forms, accounts for 40 000 to
      110 000 deaths annually. In view of this considerable mortality and morbidity,
      more research is urgently needed so that more effective control strategies may be
      introduced.This Update article reviews the magnitude of the problem, clinical and
      laboratory diagnosis, present treatment and prevention measures, possible control
      strategies, and research priorities.

PMID- 3876169
TI  - New approaches to vaccine development: memorandum from a WHO meeting.
AB  - Recent advances in immunology and cell biology may make it possible to improve
      existing vaccines and even, in future, to obtain vaccines against complex
      organisms, such as parasites.With the use of modern techniques, such as
      monoclonal antibodies, it is now possible to identify protective epitopes
      (antigenic determinants that can elicit a protective immune response) and, using
      chemical or DNA recombinant techniques, obtain these epitopes in the laboratory.
      Most of these potential vaccines, however, may not be able to stimulate a
      sufficient immune response. To achieve this, it may be necessary to couple the
      vaccines to carrier molecules and to inject them together with suitable
      adjuvants. Better knowledge of how antigens are presented to immunocompetent
      cells would help in the choice of carrier molecules and adjuvants to be used with
      future vaccines.

PMID- 3876170
TI  - Kuwait nutritional survey: comparison of the nutritional status of Kuwaiti
      children aged 0-5 years with the NCHS/CDC reference population.
AB  - A national cross-sectional survey of the heights and weights of Kuwaiti preschool
      age children of 0-5 years was conducted on a stratified multistage sample of 2554
      subjects from high and low socioeconomic levels. The collected data were used to
      compare the nutritional status of these children with their American counterparts
      using the NCHS/CDC reference population. The basic indices for comparison were
      height for age and weight for height, each considered in terms of centiles and
      standard deviation (SD) scores and cross-classified using the SD scores. The
      results indicated that Kuwaiti children in the studied age groups were shorter
      than American children, 47.7% falling below the 30th centile of the reference
      population. Conversely, the weights of Kuwaiti children aged 0-5 years were much
      closer to their American counterparts, 51.8% falling above the 50th centile of
      the reference population.

PMID- 3876171
TI  - Antigenic characterization of influenza A (H1N1) viruses recently isolated from
      pigs and turkeys in France.
AB  - The spread of influenza A viruses from one animal reservoir to another forms an
      important part of the epidemiological study of influenza. The precise
      characterization of viral antigens by monoclonal antibodies makes possible an
      interesting immunological approach to the transfer of strains from one reservoir
      to another.This work has shown that the recent porcine strains in France,
      Belgium, and Spain are closely related antigenically, and distinct from the
      A/sw/NJ/8/76 strain. Their prototype is strain A/sw/Fin/2899/82.An avian strain,
      A/ty/Brit/46/83, which has caused limited epidemics of reduced egg-laying among
      turkeys, has a haemagglutinin identical with that of strain A/sw/2899/82.This
      immunological finding, combined with epidemiological information (geographical
      location and absence of any influenza antibody in turkey farms in previous
      years), suggests that the transfer of influenza viruses has taken place in the
      direction from pig to turkey.

PMID- 3876172
TI  - The ecology of trachoma: an epidemiological study in southern Mexico.
AB  - A total of 1097 people in two communities in Chiapas, Mexico, were examined for
      trachoma, and information was obtained about personal and family hygiene.
      Trachoma was hyperendemic; approximately 25% of those under 10 years old were
      found to have significant inflammatory trachoma and almost 100% of those aged
      over 40 years had cicatricial trachoma, although the prevalence of trachoma
      differed significantly between the two communities. Risk factor analysis was
      performed by contingency table analysis and chi(2) testing. The most important
      parameter associated with the occurrence and severity of inflammatory trachoma in
      children was the frequency of face washing. Children who washed their faces 7 or
      more times per week had significantly less trachoma than those who washed less
      often (chi(2) (2df) = 28.7; P < 0.001). This effect was independent of age, use
      of clean water and soap, or use of clothes to dry the face. Children who washed
      infrequently and who used clothes to dry the face or clean the nose were more at
      risk for trachoma. No parameters of family hygiene or socioeconomic status
      correlated with the amount of trachoma in a family.These data confirm and
      quantify for the first time the long-held belief that trachoma is associated with
      poor personal hygiene and suggest potentially effective and efficient
      intervention strategies.

PMID- 3876173
TI  - Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children:
      rotavirus and cholera immunization.

PMID- 3876174
TI  - Effect of ellagic acid on hepatic and pulmonary xenobiotic metabolism in mice:
      studies on the mechanism of its anticarcinogenic action.
AB  - Our recent studies have shown that ellagic acid, a naturally occurring dietary
      plant phenol, protects BALB/c mice against 3-methylcholanthrene-induced skin
      tumorigenesis. To further elucidate the mechanism of the antineoplastic action of
      ellagic acid its effect on hepatic and pulmonary benzo[a]pyrene (BP) metabolism,
      cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases and glutathione S-transferase
      activities were studied in BALB/c mice. Chronic oral feeding of the compound in
      drinking water (0.3 mg/l for 16 weeks) or acute intraperitoneal administration
      (50 mg/kg for five consecutive days) of ellagic acid resulted in 20-25% decreases
      in hepatic and pulmonary cytochrome P-450 levels. Hepatic and pulmonary aryl
      hydrocarbon hydroxylase and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activities in both
      groups of ellagic acid-treated animals were 33-52% and 28-43% lower than their
      respective non-ellagic acid-treated controls. Hepatic as well as pulmonary
      aminopyrine N-demethylase and epoxide hydrolase activities were unchanged in both
      groups of ellagic acid-treated mice. Hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity
      towards BP-4,5-oxide or 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrates was found to be
      enhanced 51-79% and 38-58% in both groups of animals. H.p.l.c. analysis of
      organic solvent-soluble metabolites of BP by liver and lung microsomes indicated
      a substantial inhibition of diol formation (including BP-7,8-diol), as well as of
      phenols and quinones. In liver, these inhibitory effects were more pronounced
      after oral feeding than after intraperitoneal administration. Our results
      indicate that both acute and chronic administration of ellagic acid inhibits BP
      metabolism and/or enhances glutathione S-transferase activity. Thus the
      modulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism by ellagic acid may be
      related to the anticarcinogenic effects of this compound.

PMID- 3876175
TI  - Secondary metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene: 3-hydroxy-trans-7,8-dihydro-7,8
      dihydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, a biliary metabolite of 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene in the
      rat.
AB  - Rats administered 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (50 mg/kg, i.p.), excrete via the bile
      metabolites which, after treatment with beta-glucuronidase and aryl sulphatase,
      yield, in addition to 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, 3-hydroxy-trans-7,8-dihydro-7,8
      dihydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OH-BP-7,8-diol) and a minor, highly labile, metabolite
      tentatively identified as 3,5-dihydroxybenzo[a]pyrene. These novel metabolites
      are readily isolated in a pure state via preparative layer chromatography. The
      structure of the 3-OH-BP-7,8-diol was revealed by its u.v., proton magnetic
      resonance and mass spectral properties. Its hydroxyl functions are in a
      predominantly quasi-diequatorial conformation.

PMID- 3876176
TI  - Determination of osteocalcin in human serum: results with two kits compared with
      those by a well-characterized assay.
AB  - Osteocalcin, the vitamin K-dependent protein in bone, can also be detected in
      serum and is receiving increased attention as a marker for bone turnover in
      evaluating patients with metabolic bone disease. We compared results for patients
      as determined with two commercial radioimmunoassay kits (Immuno Nuclear Corp. and
      Seragen Inc.) and with our in-house radioimmunoassay (Methods Enzymol 107: 517,
      1984). Results by our assay correlated well (r greater than 0.9) with those by
      both kits, but the values by the Immuno Nuclear and Seragen methods were
      respectively 40% and 10% lower than by our radioimmunoassay. Within-run variation
      (CV) for the two kit methods was respectively 7.3% and 9.8%, run-to-run CV was
      9.7% and 8.6%. The standard curve was linear from 1 to 25 micrograms/L for the
      Immuno Nuclear kit, from 4 to 100 micrograms/L for the Seragen equilibrium
      method, and from 1 to 25 micrograms/L for the Seragen nonequilibrium method. A
      second freeze-thaw cycle reduced the serum values by 20% to 40% for both kit
      methods. A third freeze-thaw cycle further reduced values and eliminated any
      correlation among methods.

PMID- 3876177
TI  - A cellular abnormality in glucocorticoid resistant asthma.
AB  - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from asthmatic patients were cultured in soft
      agar with or without the synthetic glucocorticoid methylprednisolone (MP). The
      resulting colonies consisted mostly of T lymphocytes but included monocytes,
      often in a central position. Colony growth from patients whose asthma had
      responded satisfactorily to glucocorticoid medication was inhibited by MP in
      vitro at concentrations as low as 10(-9) M, and the ratio of helper to
      suppressor/cytotoxic T cells was reduced relative to untreated cultures. In
      contrast, patients shown to be resistant to the therapeutic effects of
      glucocorticoids yield colonies which differed little in number, size or
      constituent phenotype, whether untreated or exposed to MP at concentrations as
      high as 10(-8) M. Higher concentrations inhibited colony growth from both types
      of patient. Hybrid colonies were generated from partially purified cells from
      pairs of patients: monocytes from one member and lymphocytes from the other. The
      steroid sensitivity of these colonies was found to be dependent upon the source
      of the monocytes and not the lymphocytes. The results support the view that, in
      glucocorticoid resistant asthma, there is a defect in monocyte responsiveness to
      the hormone. This defect could explain the poor therapeutic effect of
      glucocorticoids in these patients. The results suggest that monocyte factors may
      be of importance in the pathogenesis of asthma in general.

PMID- 3876178
TI  - Modulation of the human immune response by the non-toxic and non-pyrogenic
      adjuvant aluminium hydroxide: effect on antigen uptake and antigen presentation.
AB  - The regulatory effects of an adjuvant (aluminium hydroxide) on the early phase of
      the immune response have been investigated. Adsorbing a soluble antigen (tetanus
      toxoid) to aluminium hydroxide led to a significant increase (P less than 0.001)
      in antigen-induced T-cell proliferation (macrophage-T-cell interaction, MTI)
      making aluminium hydroxide-adsorbed antigens especially suitable to study
      immunoregulatory changes in the early phase of the immune response. First studies
      revealed that this increase was due to an enhancement of antigen uptake by the
      antigen-presenting cell. However, under conditions allowing for the uptake of
      comparable amounts of soluble (TTs) or aluminium hydroxide-absorbed (TTAL)
      antigen, T-cell proliferation in response to TTAL was still higher than in
      response to TTS. This difference was especially pronounced if suboptimal antigen
      concentrations were used and could be explained by differences in the TTS-versus
      TTAL-induced release of interleukin-1 (IL-1). Pulsing with TTAL led to a
      substantial increase in IL-1 release by monocytes (MO) which then subsequently
      augmented antigen-induced T-cell proliferation. This was further supported by
      addition of exogenous IL-1 to cultures of T cells and TTS-pulsed MOs, which also
      significantly increased the T cells' proliferative response. These findings
      demonstrate that in the early phase of the immune response, aluminium hydroxide
      exerts its regulatory effect at the level of the antigen-presenting and mediator
      releasing accessory cell.

PMID- 3876179
TI  - Follow-up of antibodies against single-stranded DNA in patients with
      haematological malignancies.
AB  - Antibodies against single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) were followed by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay in weekly serum samples of 39 patients with acute myeloid
      leukaemia (AML), 11 with acute lymphatic leukaemia (ALL) and 26 with other
      haematological malignancies. Their frequency and mean level during the entire
      follow-up were higher than in sera of healthy blood donors. Patients with AML had
      the highest levels and prevalence of anti-ssDNA antibodies, i.e. overall
      frequencies of IgG class antibodies in patients with AML, ALL and other
      haematological malignancies were 97%, 82% and 58%, respectively. Antibodies of
      IgM class were less frequently found. Prevalence and levels of anti-ssDNA
      antibodies were already at least as high in newly diagnosed malignancies as later
      during the course of the disease. Following bacterial septicaemias, these
      antibodies were significantly low. No consistent correlations between levels of
      anti-Candida antibodies formed in response to fungal infections or concentrations
      of serum immunoglobulins and anti-ssDNA antibodies were found.

PMID- 3876180
TI  - Defective low-density cells of dendritic morphology from the blood of patients
      with common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia: low immunoglobulin production on
      stimulation of normal B cells.
AB  - Low-density cells (LDC) of dendritic morphology from the blood of patients with
      common variable (late-onset) hypogammaglobulinaemia (CVH) did not induce
      allogeneic immunoglobulin production by normal B cells unlike LDC from normal
      blood. When LDC from patients were treated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM), a lower
      allogeneic secretion of IgM and IgG was induced in normal B cells than that
      induced by allogeneic normal LDC treated with PWM. B cells from
      hypogammaglobulinaemic patients were non-responsive to both normal and patient
      LDC treated with PWM under all conditions tested.

PMID- 3876181
TI  - In vitro T-cell dependent B-cell activity in myasthenia gravis.
AB  - The in vitro T-cell dependent B-cell activity was analysed in 34 patients with
      myasthenia gravis and in 16 controls by culturing 1 X 10(6) peripheral blood
      lymphocytes for 8 days with or without pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and measuring the
      amounts of IgG and IgM released into the culture supernatant. Increased
      production of IgG in the unstimulated cultures was found in 20 patients, 8 of
      whom also produced increased amounts of IgM. Upon PWM stimulation the patients
      produced normal amounts of IgG. The IgM production, however, was decreased in the
      patient population compared to the controls. Only one of the controls produced
      more IgG than IgM, either unstimulated or during PWM stimulation. In contrast 10
      patients produced more IgG than IgM in the unstimulated cultures and 15 patients
      did so during PWM stimulation. The 'spontaneous' production of immunoglobulins
      was not measurable before 4 days of culture and was not the result of in vivo
      activated B-cells. We suggest that the increased 'spontaneous' immunoglobulin
      production and the decreased production of IgM during PWM stimulation may be a
      result of abnormal T-cell activity. The abnormalities found were not related to
      disease activity, the presence of multiple autoantibodies in the serum, steroid
      therapy or previous thymectomy. Besides these abnormalities, patients not treated
      with immunosuppressive drugs also showed decreased PWM induced IgG synthesis.

PMID- 3876182
TI  - IgG production in 'autoimmune' chronic active hepatitis. Effect of prednisolone
      on T and B lymphocyte function.
AB  - In vitro IgG production was measured using peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      from patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (CAH) to determine whether
      the increased serum IgG levels were related to abnormalities of T or B lymphocyte
      function. A marked increase in spontaneous and pokeweed mitogen-induced
      proliferation of IgG producing cells was observed in 30 patients with untreated
      autoimmune CAH when compared with 25 normal subjects and 21 patients with
      autoimmune disease in whom a remission had been induced and maintained by
      prednisolone (P less than 0.01). Co-culture experiments clearly demonstrated that
      abnormalities of T lymphocyte function in untreated autoimmune CAH were
      responsible for the heightened IgG production in vitro. Pre-incubation of T
      lymphocytes from untreated patients with 5 X 10(-8)M prednisolone significantly
      reduced the number of cells producing IgG (P less than 0.05), suggesting that the
      modulation of the immune response following corticosteroid therapy is likely to
      be due to an alteration in T lymphocyte function.

PMID- 3876183
TI  - Adoptive cell transfer of resistance to Mycobacterium leprae infections in mice.
AB  - Cells were transferred from mice intradermally vaccinated with killed
      Mycobacterium leprae to sublethally irradiated recipients. Unseparated cells from
      lymph nodes or spleens of M. leprae vaccinated mice were found to cause
      significant inhibition of the growth of a subsequent M. leprae challenge in mouse
      footpads for up to 26 weeks after vaccination. Vaccination with live BCG and
      cells transferred from BCG-vaccinated mice caused no significant inhibition of M.
      leprae growth in mouse footpads. Cell separation into fractions containing
      predominantly B and T lymphocytes showed that the inhibition of growth was due to
      M. leprae-sensitized T lymphocytes. M. leprae vaccinated mice were also skin
      tested with soluble M. leprae antigen and showed maximum delayed hypersensitivity
      responses 4 weeks after vaccination.

PMID- 3876184
TI  - T3 expression by human thymocytes in culture.
AB  - By panning procedures employing T6 and T3 monoclonal antibody, human thymocytes
      were fractionated into two subpopulations depleted of T6- or T3-positive (T6+,
      T3+) cells. Unfractionated thymocytes and T6- and T3-depleted subpopulations were
      separately cultured for 48 h in RPMI 1640 medium with 10% FCS or in HB 101 serum
      free medium. Determining the phenotype of unfractionated thymocytes at various
      time intervals, a time-dependent increase of T3+ cells was observed. An inverse
      relationship was found between the percentage of T3+ cells and the T6 and peanut
      agglutinin (PNA) reactive thymocytes. When the surface antigen expression in the
      T3-depleted population (greater than 95% T6+ and PNA+ cells) was analysed, a
      strong increase of T3+ cells and a complementary reduction of T6+ and PNA+ cells
      was evidenced. During that time the surface phenotype of the T6-depleted
      population (greater than 80% T3+ cells) showed the same trend of differentiation,
      as the other thymocyte preparations. These results indicate that a conspicuous
      fraction of human thymocytes and particularly of those characterized by a
      cortical phenotype (PNA+ and T6+ cells), are able to express mature T-cell
      antigens when cultured in vitro in the absence of the thymic microenvironment
      influence. However, the in vitro acquisition of a mature phenotype is not
      accompanied by a parallel achievement of the capacity to respond to mitogens such
      as PHA or T3 monoclonal antibody.

PMID- 3876185
TI  - Effects of dimethyl sulfoxide on humoral immune responses to acetylcholine
      receptors in the rat.
AB  - The effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the humoral immune responses to
      acetylcholine receptors (AChR) were studied in rats with experimental autoimmune
      myasthenia gravis. DMSO was administered during primary, ongoing, and secondary
      phases of the immune response to AChR. Anti-AChR antibody titers were measured to
      determine the effect of the treatment. DMSO had pronounced effects on the humoral
      immune response, which differed depending on the stage of the response and the
      strength of antigenic stimulation. When given during an ongoing immune response,
      DMSO suppressed anti-AChR antibody levels by an average of 53-76%. This effect
      was similar whether DMSO was given by oral, rectal, or intraperitoneal routes.
      DMSO treatment also suppressed the anti-AChR antibody response to a weak primary
      antigenic stimulus to a similar extent. In contrast, when administered during a
      secondary or a strong primary immunization, DMSO enhanced the anti-AChR antibody
      response 1.7- to 2.8-fold. These results show that DMSO may either enhance or
      suppress humoral immune responses. Further studies will be required to analyze
      the cellular mechanisms underlying the actions of DMSO.

PMID- 3876186
TI  - Sheep red blood cells enhance T-lymphocyte proliferation.
AB  - Small numbers of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) markedly augmented the
      proliferation of T lymphocytes activated by antigens or mitogens. This effect
      occurred with as few as one SRBC per T lymphocyte and with intact or osmotically
      lysed red cells. When increasing numbers of SRBC was added to T lymphocyte
      cultures stimulated with PHA or autologous cells, T lymphocyte proliferation
      peaked sharply at 10 to 50 SRBC per T cell. The SRBC did not influence resting T
      lymphocytes. Rather, the effect occurred after T lymphocyte activation during
      cell division. There was a detectable increase in interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor
      generation but not in IL-2 production by activated T lymphocytes cultured with
      SRBC versus medium alone. Finally, anti-T11 antibody could inhibit the SRBC
      enhancing effect on T-lymphocyte function, suggesting that an empty erythrocyte
      (E) receptor on the T lymphocyte was necessary for the SRBC action.

PMID- 3876187
TI  - The regulation of polyclonal immunoglobulin synthesis by FcR+ and FcR- monocyte
      subsets.
AB  - FcR+ and FcR- monocyte subsets were added to the pokeweed mitogen (PWM) or
      Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I-stimulated cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells (PBMC) or to PBMC depleted of monocytes. The numbers of immunoglobulin
      secreting cells (ISC) and cells with intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins (PC) were
      evaluated 6 days later. The addition of FcR- subset increased the number of ISC
      in cultures of PBMC stimulated with PWM and reconstituted the response of
      monocyte depleted PBMC. In contrast, FcR+ monocytes suppressed PWM-induced
      response and, when added in high dose, also that induced by S. aureus. The FcR+
      monocytes suppressed the response by inhibition of immunoglobulin secretion but
      not the development of PC. This suggests that FcR+ monocytes may modulate humoral
      response by preferential inhibition of the final differentiation of B lymphocytes
      into ISC.

PMID- 3876188
TI  - Scintigraphic demonstration of acute gastrointestinal bleeding caused by
      gallbladder carcinoma eroding the colon.
AB  - Massive lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding caused by gallbladder carcinoma
      eroding into the colonic wall was demonstrated accurately by Tc-99m RBCs. In
      addition, retrograde bleeding into the gallbladder was also identified while
      arteriography did not show contrast extravasation. This case supports the use of
      Tc-99m RBCs over Tc-99m sulfur colloid for more accurate localization of lower GI
      bleeding.

PMID- 3876189
TI  - Comparison of technetium-99m sulfur colloid and in vitro labeled technetium-99m
      RBCs in the detection of gastrointestinal bleeding.
AB  - Twenty-seven paired Tc-99m sulfur colloid (SC) and Tc-99m RBC studies were
      evaluated for the detection of GI bleeding. The only two positive Tc-99m SC
      studies had positive early Tc-99m RBC studies as well. There were 15 other
      positive Tc-99m RBC studies (three during the first hour) and these were
      associated with normal Tc-99m SC scans. Approximately 70% of the positive Tc-99m
      RBC studies occurred after 1 hour. Tc-99m RBCs should be the initial test in
      patients with GI bleeding.

PMID- 3876190
TI  - Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. Scintigraphic demonstration with
      technetium-99m sulfur colloid emission computed tomography.

PMID- 3876191
TI  - Flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle with reference to B-cells.

PMID- 3876192
TI  - Uncomplicated administration of blood products warmed to 37 degrees C in a
      patient with T activation of the red cell membrane.

PMID- 3876193
TI  - Immunolocalization of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid containing proteins in
      developing rat bones.
AB  - The localization of a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-containing protein, BGP
      (also called osteocalcin) was examined in developing calvaria, alveolar bones and
      long bones of newborn rats by immunostaining with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      method. In undemineralized tissues osteoblasts of intramembranous bones stained
      positive; osteoid was negative, whereas young mineralized bone stained weakly.
      After a mild demineralization all bones stained positive; no staining was found
      in cartilage, muscles or soft connective tissues. In addition to the osteoblasts,
      osteocytes were also immunoreactive. Osteoclasts, identified by a subsequent
      staining for acid phosphatase activity, demonstrated no immunostaining for BGP.
      These data support the hypothesis that BGP is synthesized by osteoblasts and
      osteocytes and is subsequently deposited in the mineralizing bone.

PMID- 3876194
TI  - Role of T cells in the unusual cutaneous responses to Leishmania in BALB/c mice.

PMID- 3876195
TI  - [Indications for surgery in portal hypertension from the internist's viewpoint].

PMID- 3876196
TI  - [T and B lymphocyte transformations of TB patients using the radioisotope
      incorporated method in vitro].

PMID- 3876197
TI  - A new cause for difficulty in seeing at night.
AB  - A syndrome is described in which patients complain of inability to see at night,
      although their rod and cone thresholds are normal. In such persons the rods, when
      dark-adapted, elevate cone flicker thresholds by 2 log units or more, and this
      condition is the basis of their complaint. Patients are often thought to be
      hysterics or to have congenital stationary night blindness.

PMID- 3876198
TI  - [Relationship between adolescent blood pressure and various factors].

PMID- 3876199
TI  - Terlipressin (Glypressin)--a pro-drug variceal haemorrhage.

PMID- 3876200
TI  - [Main coronary artery stenosis: significance of the clinical stage for
      angiographic and surgical risk].
AB  - 86 patients with significant main coronary artery stenosis (greater than 50%)
      were divided into 61 with stable and 25 with unstable angina pectoris. The
      coronary morphology (isolated main coronary artery stenosis, degree of stenosis,
      additional vessel disease) and the left ventricular function (ejection fraction,
      left ventricular end-diastolic pressure) were the same in both groups. Deaths due
      to coronary angiography amounted to 2.3% and involved two patients with unstable
      angina. 82% (n = 50) of the patients with stable angina and 83% (n = 19) with
      unstable angina were considered operable. 69% of the stable and 74% of the
      unstable group were actually revascularised. Operative deaths amounted to 3.4%
      and again involved two patients with unstable angina. During an average post
      operative follow-up period of 38 months 5% of the operated and 28% of the non
      operated patients died (P less than 0.05). The investigation demonstrated that
      for patients with main coronary artery stenosis operability in stable angina is
      no different from that in unstable angina. Angiographic and operative deaths in
      patients with unstable symptomatology, however, were markedly higher than in
      those with stable angina.

PMID- 3876201
TI  - [Cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma in chronic lymphatic leukemia].
AB  - A classical Kaposi sarcoma, a tumor appearing sporadically mainly in elderly
      males, occurred in its typical cutaneous location in a male aged 67 years.
      Routine laboratory investigations revealed a marked leucocytosis which, with the
      aid of a bone-marrow biopsy and immunocytological methods, could be attributed to
      a hitherto undetected chronic lymphatic B-cell leukaemia.

PMID- 3876202
TI  - Vertigo. Current concepts in management.
AB  - Vertigo is not a disease, but a symptom. The management of vertigo requires more
      than the treatment of the symptom alone, as it concerns the whole physical and
      psychological condition of the patient. In addition to causal treatment,
      symptomatic treatment is needed in many cases. This specific treatment consists
      of vestibular exercises and drug therapy. The efficacy and use of the different
      drugs available are discussed.

PMID- 3876203
TI  - T and B lymphocyte populations in peripheral blood during the menstrual cycle in
      normal Kenyan women.

PMID- 3876204
TI  - [Elimination of syngeneic lymphoma cells from a mouse bone marrow suspension
      using immune cytotoxic lymphocytes sensitized in vitro].
AB  - Murine splenocytes were cultivated with syngenic EL-4 lymphoma cells in the
      presence of interleukin-2 to obtain cytotoxic antileukemic lymphocytes. It was
      shown that the use of cytotoxic lymphocytes helped killing completely syngenic
      lymphoma cells in the mixture of bone marrow and EL-4 cells, spleen colony
      forming hemopoietic predecessor cells being retained.

PMID- 3876205
TI  - Bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline excretion
      in thyrotoxicosis.
AB  - Studies were performed in 28 patients with proven active untreated thyrotoxicosis
      and 20 healthy age and sex matched adult subjects. In all subjects serum levels
      of thyroxine, calcium, phosphate and total activity of serum alkaline phosphatase
      and its bone isoenzyme were examined. Total urinary hydroxyproline excretion was
      measured after hydroxyproline free diet. Significant differences were found in
      the mean serum alkaline phosphatase and its bone isoenzyme levels and in the
      excretion of urinary hydroxyproline between a group of patients with
      thyrotoxicosis and a control group. In this study increased bone isoenzyme of
      alkaline phosphatase activity above the normal range was found in 24 patients
      with thyrotoxicosis and increased the excretion of urinary hydroxyproline in all
      patients with thyrotoxicosis. The relationship between the increased bone
      alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline values indicated and increased
      bone turnover in the early period of disease.

PMID- 3876206
TI  - Stress in early ontogenesis and reactivity of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal
      system in adult rats.
AB  - Various stressors (laparotomy, cold or amphetamine injection) applied during the
      last third of pregnancy resulted in an increase of corticosterone level in
      mothers and a decrease of the response to emotional stressor (restriction) in
      their adult offspring. The same results were found after a single injection of
      hydrocortisone to the mothers on the 18th day of pregnancy. Adrenalectomy in
      mothers performed one month before the pregnancy prevented such effects. The
      stress (daily injections of saline s.c.) applied between 7th and 9th day of
      postnatal life resulted in increased corticosterone level in adult animals
      together with a decrease of their response to emotional stress (restriction) and,
      finally, in an increase of adrenocortical response to intracerebroventricular
      injection of noradrenaline. Similar injections of hydrocortisone between 7th and
      9th day were without any effect. It is concluded that the effect of stress during
      the last third of pregnancy on HPAS of adult offspring may be mediated by the
      activation of maternal adrenal cortex. The modification of HPAS function
      resulting from the action of stressors during early postnatal life may be due to
      a relative insufficiency of corticosteroid release during the postnatal
      stimulation rather than to an increase of their absolute level.

PMID- 3876207
TI  - Thyroid hormones in rats during long-term cold exposure and hypometabolic effect
      of reverse triiodothyronine on adrenaline induced thermogenesis.
AB  - One-day cold exposure to 5 degrees C induced temporal increase of reverse
      triiodothyronine (rT3), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations
      in the blood of rats (by 151%, 91% and 107%, respectively). The levels of all
      thyroid hormones remain elevated for at least 10 days of cold exposure. The
      injection of rT3 (330 micrograms kg-1 s.c.) inhibited the resting and adrenaline
      stimulated metabolism 1-3 days after application independently from the thyroid
      status of the animals. Since the hypothermic effect of rT3 occurred in
      thyroidectomized rats, it was concluded that rT3 acted primarily on peripheral,
      tissues, rather than on the thyroid.

PMID- 3876208
TI  - Long-term effect of hypophysectomy on various fractions of sulfhydryl groups in
      thyroid, adrenal and some other organs in rats.
AB  - The non-protein (NP-SH), total (T-SH) and protein bound sulfhydryl groups (PB-SH)
      were measured in the thyroid, adrenals, kidney, liver and skeletal muscle of
      hypophysectomized and sham operated adult male rats. After hypophysectomy, T-SH
      and PB-SH in the adrenals and thyroid decreased significantly (P less than 0.01).
      The maximal decline occurred at the intervals of 12-24 days after hypophysectomy.
      The NP-SH fraction, which is represented mainly by SH-glutathione, decreased
      within 24 h after hypophysectomy in both glands, then increased transiently and
      later it again decreased in parallel to the level of both T-SH and PB-SH. In the
      kidney, all fractions of SH groups increased at 4--8 days, then decreased
      markedly reaching control or even subcontrol levels. In contrast, we failed to
      observe hypophysectomy induced changes of any of the SH-fractions in the liver
      and muscle of rats.

PMID- 3876209
TI  - Effect of passive immunization with antisera to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
      and peptide histidine isoleucine amide on 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan-induced
      prolactin release in rats.
AB  - The present study was aimed to clarify, by use of the passive immunization
      method, the involvement of endogenous vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and
      peptide histidine isoleucine amide (PHI)-like peptides in the stimulation of PRL
      like immunoreactive material release induced by 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5HTP), a
      serotonin precursor. We used conscious, freely moving male rats of the Wistar
      strain (BW, 250-300 g) chronically cannulated with atrial catheters. Anti-VIP
      serum (AVS) and anti-PHI serum (APS), each generated in rabbits against synthetic
      porcine VIP and natural porcine PHI, respectively, were highly potent [maximum
      binding capacity (Bmax): AVS, 55.5 nmol/ml; APS, 5.53 nmol/ml] and specific.
      Bolus injection of 5HTP (10 mg/kg BW) through the catheter caused a significant
      increase in plasma PRL (nanograms per ml) in rats pretreated with normal rabbit
      serum (NRS) [14.3 +/- (SE) 3.8----56.3 +/- 11.2], with AVS (12.3 +/- 3.5----48.5
      +/- 6.2), with APS (10.5 +/- 3.9----43.5 +/- 8.8), and with AVS plus APS (9.0 +/-
      1.4----28.5 +/- 2.7). The basal PRL concentrations did not differ significantly
      among these groups, whereas the PRL responses to 5HTP were significantly blunted
      in AVS plus APS-pretreated rats (P less than 0.05 vs. NRS). To eliminate the
      modification by dopaminergic control of 5HTP-induced PRL release, the next
      experiment was performed in rats repeatedly injected with sulpiride, a dopamine
      receptor antagonist (5 mg/kg BW), every 30 min. The first injection of sulpiride
      caused a prompt and marked increase in plasma PRL, followed by decreasing but
      still high levels of plasma PRL upon the subsequent injections of sulpiride every
      30 min. The cumulative release area of PRL after pretreatment with AVS plus APS
      or APS alone was significantly lower than that after NRS (P less than 0.05). The
      same dose of 5HTP resulted in a significant further increase in plasma PRL
      exceeding the levels elevated by sulpiride injections in NRS-treated rats. Prior
      simultaneous administration of AVS and APS resulted in a complete suppression of
      5HTP-induced PRL release, whereas pretreatment with either AVS or APS showed only
      a minimal effect. These results suggest that endogenous VIP and PHI-like peptides
      are PRL-releasing factors, involved at least in the mechanism of 5HTP-induced PRL
      release, in which the dopaminergic control may be also involved.

PMID- 3876210
TI  - The value of exercise-induced U-wave inversion on ECG chest wall mapping in the
      identification of individual coronary arterial lesions.
AB  - Exercise-induced U-wave inversion on chest wall mapping was compared with
      coronary arteriographic findings in 160 consecutive patients who presented with
      chest pain suggestive of ischaemic heart disease. ECG recordings were made from
      16 points on the chest wall before, during and after exercise. None of the 27
      patients with normal coronary arteriograms developed U-wave inversion during or
      after exercise (specificity = 100%). In 21 (all males) of the 133 patients
      (15.8%) with significant coronary arterial lesions, U-wave inversion on exercise
      was noticed on different coronary artery territories on the chest wall map, and
      its localization was correlated with angiographic evidence of individual coronary
      arterial lesions (100% projection rate). In 9 patients (6.8%) this sign was
      observed in the absence of any ST segment changes or Q waves. Exercise-induced U
      wave inversion was the sole ECG criterion reflecting a lesion of the left
      anterior descending artery in 12 cases (9%), of the circumflex in 6 cases (4.5%),
      and in only one case of right coronary artery disease. This sign was not
      detectable in the conventional V5 site in 9 cases (7.1%) with significant disease
      of the left anterior descending coronary artery. These nine patients showed U
      wave inversion on other areas of the left anterior descending coronary artery
      territory on exercise. Exercise-induced U-wave inversion disappeared in all the
      ten patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. It is suggested
      that exercise-induced U-wave inversion shown on chest wall mapping is a reliable
      indicator of coronary artery disease, which disappears after myocardial
      revascularization, and in addition, aids identification of individual coronary
      arterial lesions.

PMID- 3876211
TI  - Ventricular septal rupture diagnosed by simultaneous cross-sectional
      echocardiography and Doppler ultrasound.
AB  - Thirteen patients with intraventricular septal rupture in the course of acute
      myocardial infarction (AMI) have been examined with simultaneous cross-sectional
      echocardiography (CSE) and Doppler ultrasound. Visualization of the rupture was
      achieved in six patients by CSE alone. The simultaneous technique identified the
      rupture in all patients. Eight patients were operated upon; seven of them are
      still alive. We conclude that simultaneous CSE and Doppler ultrasound is a
      sensitive, rapid and safe technique for diagnosing ventricular septal rupture
      (VSR) after AMI.

PMID- 3876212
TI  - Myocardial infarction during marijuana smoking in a young female.

PMID- 3876213
TI  - A comparison of the sensitivity of PET and NMR for in vivo quantitative metabolic
      imaging.
AB  - Using positron emission tomography (PET) in combination with compounds labelled
      with positron-emitting radionuclides like 11C, 13N and 15O, it is possible to
      study metabolism in vivo in a non-invasive way. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
      imaging takes advantage of the spin of protons in water molecules to measure both
      their number and relaxation times in vivo, but is, in principle, not limited to
      protons and can also be used for other nuclei with a non-zero spin, e.g. 13C and
      31P. The use of 13C opens the possibility of studying the metabolism of a large
      number of compounds. In order to choose the appropriate methodology for metabolic
      imaging, i.e. PET or NMR, it is important to know the sensitivity of each
      modality. The present study outlines the sensitivity of both techniques.

PMID- 3876214
TI  - Scintigraphic localization of occult gastrointestinal bleeding using a
      combination of 111In-labelled platelets and 99mTc sulphur colloid.
AB  - Repeated scintigraphy was performed for 6 days after the injection of autologous
      111In-labeled platelets in a patient showing signs of recurrent occult
      gastrointestinal bleeding. Colonic activity was observed 142 h post injection, at
      which time a superimposed study using 99mTc sulphur colloid pinpointed the source
      of bleeding in the transverse colon.

PMID- 3876215
TI  - Myelofibrosis arising in treated histiocytosis X.
AB  - Myelofibrosis, or fibrous replacement of hematopoietic bone marrow, is rarely
      encountered in pediatric patients. An unusual, reversible case arising in the
      setting of treated histiocytosis X is reported, a previously undescribed
      association. The clinical, pathologic, radiographic, and scintigraphic
      characteristics of myelofibrosis are reviewed.

PMID- 3876216
TI  - Immunoglobulins, autoantibodies and other serum protein fractions in psychiatric
      disorders.
AB  - The levels of IgM, IgG and IgA were measured in the serum of 337 psychiatric
      inpatients (92 patients with bipolar depression, 150 patients with unipolar
      depression and 95 schizophrenics) and compared to 150 healthy subjects. A
      significantly higher level of IgM was found in all psychiatric groups compared
      with the controls, and IgM levels were more elevated in female patients than in
      male patients for the bipolar and unipolar groups. There were no differences for
      the other immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA) among the groups studied. In 51 of the
      patients (17 bipolar, 34 unipolar), other measurements were performed (C-reactive
      protein, antinuclear antibodies, lymphocyte antibodies, thyroid antibodies,
      complement and the third and fourth factors of complement). The unipolar group
      showed a significant rise of C-reactive protein values and the presence of
      antinuclear antibodies. Interestingly all patients with antinuclear antibodies
      were females. No difference was found between psychiatric patients and controls
      in lymphocyte antibodies, thyroid antibodies and values of complement.

PMID- 3876217
TI  - Biomechanical properties and collagen formation in subcutaneously implanted
      cellulose sponges treated with fibrin sealant.
AB  - Cellulose sponges were cut into two pieces and fibrin sealant was applied to the
      opposing surfaces, which were held together with sutures. In each rat two sets of
      sponges, one with and one without fibrin sealant, were implanted subcutaneously
      for 10 days. The tensile strength and energy absorption of the granulation tissue
      bridging the incision of the sponges were not influenced by the fibrin sealant.
      The formation of collagen in fibrin-sealed sponges did not differ from that in
      ordinary sponges. The results indicated that fibrin sealant does not influence
      the collagen formation and the mechanical strength after 10 days of healing. At
      this time the tissue possesses pronounced mechanical strength. The initial
      strength of sealed sponges possessed considerable mechanical strength (maximum
      stress 25% and failure energy 12% compared to values achieved after 10 days of
      implantation). This indicates that the sealant gives mechanical strength in the
      first days of healing, where the granulation tissue itself only provides minimal
      strength.

PMID- 3876218
TI  - Quantitative and functional abnormalities of total T lymphocytes in relatives of
      patients with Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Seven patients, long-term survivors of Hodgkin's disease, and 24 of their
      relatives (parents, siblings and children), together with normal controls were
      studied for percentages, absolute counts and mitogen-proliferative responses by
      means of monoclonal antibodies, E rosette technique and in vitro cultures with
      PHA, ConA and PWM. The aim of the study was to ascertain whether the impaired
      cell-mediated immunity of Hodgkin's patients was also present in relatives in
      order to elucidate the still debated etiology of the defect and of the disease
      (congenital? environmental? infectious?). The results show that both Hodgkin's
      patients and their relatives have a significant decrease of total T cells (as
      T3+, T11+ and E rosette-forming cells) in peripheral blood and a significant
      impairment of polyclonal responses to all the mitogens employed. The Leu-7+ cells
      (i.e. a consistent amount of natural killer cells) are significantly increased
      only in the Hodgkin's patients but not in their relatives. The T cell
      subpopulations (T4 and T8), B cells and monocytes do not show any difference
      between the patients, their relatives and normal controls. Our results seem to
      support, at least in part, the presence of a common defect of T cell lineage both
      in patients and in their relatives, but its etiology still remains uncertain
      (genetic? environmental?).

PMID- 3876219
TI  - Pulmonary toxicity in mice after high-dose methotrexate administration with and
      without leucovorin rescue.
AB  - Interstitial lung lesions were induced in mice by high-dose methotrexate with
      high frequency. They appeared early after treatment; their onset, evolution and
      recovery parallelled those of lesions to the hemopoietic tissues and the
      intestine. The pathogenesis of methotrexate lung toxicity in mice is discussed.
      Leucovorin rescue was ineffective in preventing the lung lesions induced by high
      dose methotrexate.

PMID- 3876220
TI  - Defect in lectin-induced interleukin 2 (IL-2) production by peripheral blood
      lymphocytes of patients with Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of patients with Hodgkin's disease were
      studied for their capacity to produce interleukin 2 upon in vitro
      phytohemaglutinin stimulation in the presence or absence of either interleukin 1
      or indomethacin (2 micrograms/ml); eight patients were studied at the discovery
      of their disease before receiving any therapy (onset HD; OHD). Seventeen patients
      were tested in long-term (greater than 3 yr) remission (remission HD; RHD); most
      RHD were treated with both chemotherapy and irradiation. Fourteen healthy
      individuals served as controls. PBL from OHD have a significant (P less than
      0.01) defect in the production of PHA-induced IL-2. Indomethacin and IL-1 had no
      effect on IL-2 yield. PBL from RHD yield intermediate levels of IL-2, which are
      nevertheless significantly lower (P less than 0.02) than control values. RHD
      recover the capacity of normal PBL to increase their production of IL-2 in
      indomethacin-supplemented culture medium. Interestingly, PHA responsiveness was
      significantly decreased only in RHD, thus not explaining the low IL-2 yield
      obtained in supernatants. In addition, 4-day PHA-blasts from both HD patients and
      control individuals increase their thymidine incorporation in the presence of
      purified lectin-free IL-2 to a similar degree, suggesting that their IL-2
      receptors are unimpaired. Finally, OHD sera significantly inhibit PHA-induced IL
      2 yield of normal PBL, suggesting that a seric component(s) may play a role in
      some cases. We conclude that defective IL-2 production may play a role in the
      well-documented deficient cellular immunity seen in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3876221
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.
AB  - Six patients with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver received 100 mg tolfenamic
      acid p.o. and i.v. The disposition of tolfenamic acid could be described by a two
      compartment open body model, with a mean central compartment volume of 8.71, and
      a beta-phase volume of 25 l. The elimination rate constant ke averaged 1.13 h-1
      and the half-life of the beta-phase was 1.73 h; the mean total plasma clearance
      was 159 ml/min. These pharmacokinetic parameters differed only slightly from
      those in two groups of healthy volunteers studied previously; ke was
      significantly reduced by about 30% in the patients but none of the other
      parameters differed significantly. There was good correlation between individual
      elimination rate constants or plasma clearances with the liver function tests,
      serum albumin and P-coagulation factors. Oral absorption was good and
      bioavailability of about 100% was shown by comparison of the areas under the
      plasma concentration - time curves after i.v. and p.o. administration. Metabolism
      was qualitatively and quantitatively very similar to previous observations in
      healthy volunteers. There seems no reason to reduce the dose of tolfenamic acid
      in patients with compensated alcoholic cirrhosis.

PMID- 3876222
TI  - Interactions of small B lymphocytes with unprimed noncytolytic T cells:
      dissociation between "presentation" and growth induction.
AB  - The accessory cell requirements in lectin-dependent triggering and growth of
      unprimed Lyt-2-T lymphocytes were analyzed by quantitatively comparing the
      ability of small B cells and peritoneal macrophages to either induce reactivity
      to growth factors or support growth. Lightly or nonirradiated small B cells were
      15 to 30-fold less efficient as compared to T cell-depleted peritoneal cell
      populations, in the support of the lectin-stimulated Lyt-2-T cell proliferation.
      In contrast, lightly irradiated small B lymphocytes were quantitatively as
      efficient as macrophages in mediating lectin-driven Lyt-2-T cell proliferation,
      if relevant supernatants were added into culture. Finally, supernatants derived
      from cultures where T-small B cell ratios were optimal for growth of responder
      Lyt-2-lymphocytes were two orders of magnitude less efficient than conditioned
      medium obtained from cultures containing optimal T-macrophage ratios, in their
      ability to support growth of activated T cells. We conclude from these
      experiments that: in contrast to cytolytic T cell precursors, lectin-dependent
      induction of unprimed Lyt-2- T lymphocytes requires accessory cells; small B
      cells and macrophages are equally competent in this respect; and growth support
      by small B cell populations is due to contamination by macrophages which are the
      only cell type performing this function. We therefore interpret reports on Lyt-2-
      T cell proliferation upon stimulation with high numbers of small B cells as a two
      step process: "presentation" and induction of T cells which is essentially B cell
      dependent, and factor production ensured by contaminating macrophages.

PMID- 3876223
TI  - Effects of soluble aggregates of IgG on the binding, uptake and degradation of
      the C1q subcomponent of complement by adherent guinea pig peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - Earlier studies have indicated that C1q, the first subcomponent of complement
      component C1, is bound to lymphocytes via specific C1q receptor sites. We have
      recently shown that adherent guinea pig peritoneal exudate macrophages express
      specific receptors for C1q (Veerhuis, R. et al., Immunology 1985. 54: 801). The
      present studies were performed to determine whether binding of 125I-labeled human
      C1q (125I-C1qhu) to adherent guinea pig peritoneal exudate macrophages would also
      result in ingestion and subsequent degradation of 125I-C1qhu. The binding of 125I
      C1qhu to adherent peritoneal macrophages at 4 degrees C is inhibited fully not
      only by C1qhu and guinea pig C1q (C1qgp) but also by pepsin fragments of C1qhu.
      The amount of trichloroacetic acid nonprecipitable radioactivity that appeared in
      the supernatant was used as a measure for the degradation of 125I-C1qhu. 125I
      C1qhu is degraded initially into fragments of 25 kDa, after which it is degraded
      further into small molecular weight peptides. Ingestion of 125I-C1q by the
      macrophages occurs before the 125I-C1q is degraded. In the presence of limited
      amounts of soluble aggregates of guinea pig IgG2 (AIgG), a known activator of C1,
      part of the C1q is bound to the AIgG and all of the AIgG in turn is bound to the
      cellular Fc receptors leading to an enhanced binding of 125I-C1q to the cells, a
      binding that was maximal at near equimolar concentrations of 125I-C1qhu and 131I
      AIgG. In the presence of a 30-fold excess of AIgG, however, only a small
      percentage of the AIgG binds to cellular Fc receptors and the interaction of C1q
      with its receptor is decreased due to competitive inhibition. The results
      presented in this report thus suggest that free C1q may be eliminated by specific
      interaction with C1q receptors present on circulating and tissue phagocytoses
      and, in addition, that in the presence of immune complexes modulation of
      elimination of C1q may be encountered.

PMID- 3876224
TI  - Antigen presentation of myoglobin: profiles of T cell proliferative responses
      following priming with synthetic overlapping peptides encompassing the entire
      molecule.
AB  - Recently, the regions of myoglobin, which are recognized by T cells (T sites),
      were localized by a comprehensive synthetic strategy in which uniform synthetic
      overlapping peptides encompassing the entire protein chain were examined for
      stimulation of T cell proliferative activity. In this study, we report about the
      proliferative response to these peptides, as well as to the native protein, of
      lymph node cells from mice primed with the overlapping peptides either
      individually or in a mixture. Some, but not all, of the T site-containing
      peptides were effective in priming for an anti-myoglobin T cell response.
      Further, several peptides, which were highly immunogenic as free synthetic
      peptides, were not associated with any of the known T sites in this protein.
      Thus, the pattern of T cell recognition following priming with the overlapping
      peptides differs from the pattern observed when the native protein is the priming
      antigen. If antigen processing proceeds via fragmentation, then only those
      regions containing T sites would be expected to be effective in priming for a T
      cell response to the intact protein and, conversely, highly immunogenic peptides
      would correspond to T sites of the protein. Therefore, these findings indicate
      that the current concept of antigen fragmentation as a prerequisite for its
      presentation must be reappraised. We suggest that, in the presentation of a
      protein antigen, the protein is recognized predominantly intact and that the
      crucial aspects of presentation are determined by interaction with the cell
      membrane which trigger cellular activating events.

PMID- 3876225
TI  - Bone marrow macrophages induced to antigen presentation by lymphokines interact
      selectively with distinct T cells.
AB  - In vitro matured bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM phi), which represent a
      pure population of M phi, were shown to act as antigen-presenting cells (APC) to
      the T cell clone ST2/K.9. This interaction was major histocompatibility complex
      restricted. Upon long-term culture in macrophage colony-stimulating factor, BMM
      phi were activated for antigen presentation by a 48-h pulse with lymphokine
      containing supernatant of concanavalin A-stimulated rat spleen cells (Con A sup).
      The capacity of such activated M phi to function as APC decreased upon removal of
      Con A sup, and could be regenerated by a second pulse. This finding suggests that
      antigen presentation by mature M phi is a reversible function regulated by T cell
      factors. When the responsiveness of various T cell lines to antigen presented on
      BMM phi or spleen cells was compared, distinct activation requirements were
      observed for different T cells since lymphokine-activated BMM phi were not
      capable of inducing antigen-specific proliferation of all lines.

PMID- 3876226
TI  - Effect of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on age-related
      changes in dopamine turnover and transporter function in the mouse striatum.

PMID- 3876227
TI  - Oxidation by rat brain of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)
      coupled to tetrazolium nitro blue.
AB  - The present study shows that the dehydrogenation of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6
      tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) can be coupled to tetrazolium nitro blue (TNB), a
      substance used as electron acceptor in many dehydrogenase reactions. The MPTP-TNB
      reductase system has an apparent Km value and inhibitor sensitivity similar to
      those of monoamine oxidase (MAO) type B. MPTP oxidation in the brain may very
      well be mediated by MAO-B.

PMID- 3876228
TI  - CRF: an inhibitor of neurogenic plasma extravasation produced by saphenous nerve
      stimulation.

PMID- 3876229
TI  - Mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons are not spared by MPTP neurotoxicity in mice.
AB  - In C57 black mice, MPTP (N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) (30 mg/kg
      X 2, 20 mg/kg X 15, 30 mg/kg X 15, or 35 mg/kg X 1) depleted DA in both striatum
      and accumbens but not in frontal cortex, hypothalamus and retina. DA decreases
      were more pronounced in striatum than in accumbens, were maximal at 2 days,
      partially reversed later but persisted up to 30 days after treatment. DA
      depletions in nigra were smaller earlier and maximal later. The study suggests
      that, in mice, MPTP damages nigrostriatal and mesolimbic projections but spares
      other DA neurons.

PMID- 3876230
TI  - Estradiol and melatonin effects on adrenal cortex of ovariectomized and
      pinealectomized rats.
AB  - Studies on the effect of pinealectomy (PX) and melatonin on adrenal cortex of
      ovariectomized and estradiol replaced rats were performed. Neither PX nor
      melatonin replacement changed corticosterone output by adrenal homogenate, 11
      beta-hydroxylase activity, liver corticosterone metabolism or serum
      corticosterone level, however, melatonin increased adrenal 5 alpha-reductase
      activity. On the other hand, PX of 14 months duration resulted in an increase in
      intraadrenal 5 alpha-reductase activity. PX did not modify estradiol effect on
      rat adrenal cortex, while concomitant estradiol-melatonin administration
      increased corticosterone output by adrenal homogenate. Stimulatory effect of
      estradiol on liver corticosterone metabolism was observed only in the presence of
      pineal gland or exogenous melatonin. In non of experiments, 45 nmole/ml of
      melatonin added into incubation medium stimulated adrenal 5 alpha-reductase
      activity. Obtained results cast doubt on a physiological role of melatonin in
      regulation of adrenocortical secretory activity in ovariectomized rats and
      suggest that estradiol effect on the adrenal cortex is not mediated by the pineal
      gland.

PMID- 3876231
TI  - Testosterone and melatonin effects on adrenal cortex of orchiectomized and
      pinealectomized rats.
AB  - The study aimed to examine the effects of pinealectomy (PX) and melatonin on
      adrenal cortex of orchiectomized rats and to explain whether the testosterone
      action on adrenal cortex is modified by the pineal gland. Neither PX (53 days)
      nor melatonin administration (10 days) had an effect on the structure as well as
      on the studied functional parameters of the adrenal gland--corticosterone output
      by homogenates, 11 beta-hydroxylase and 5 alpha-reductase activities, liver
      corticosterone metabolism and serum corticosterone level. On the contrary, PX of
      14 months duration resulted in an increase in 5 alpha-reductase activity.
      Testosterone administration into orchiectomized rats lowered corticosterone
      output and liver corticosterone metabolism and these effects were unaffected by
      PX or melatonin. Testosterone lowered 5 alpha-reductase and 11 beta-hydroxylase
      activities, the effects not modified by PX, however, after melatonin
      administration activities of these enzymes were similar as in orchiectomized
      rats. Obtained results cast doubts on a physiological role of the pineal gland
      and its principal hormone--melatonin--in regulation of adrenocortical structure
      and secretory activity and suggest that testosterone action on the rat adrenal
      cortex is not modified by the pineal gland.

PMID- 3876232
TI  - Characterization of a high-affinity, low-capacity androgen binding protein in
      human term placental cytosol.
AB  - A high-affinity, low-capacity androgen binding component in human placental
      cytosol was characterized. (3H)-R1881, a synthetic androgen, was used as
      radioactive ligand for characterization and quantification of this placental
      androgen binding component. Various naturally occurring as well as synthetic
      steroids were first investigated for their in vitro stability under receptor
      assay conditions (i.e., an overnight incubation at 4 degrees C). Only the
      synthetic steroids were found to be metabolically stable. The rate constant of
      dissociation was found to be 6.42 X 10(-4) s-1 (on the basis of k-1 the rate
      constant of association was 1.27 X 10(5) M-1 s-1). The concentration of androgen
      binding protein was measured in 50 human term placentae. The mean concentration
      was 169 +/- 132 fmol/mg protein, and the average Kd was 5.07 +/- 2.2 X 10(-9) M.
      Placentae of female fetuses contained significantly higher concentrations (219 +/
      140 fmoles/mg protein) than those of male fetuses (115.2 +/- 101 fmoles/mg
      protein). The (3H)-R1881-androgen binding protein complex exhibited a
      sedimentation coefficient of 4S under low salt conditions. The binding site was
      only specific for androgens and progestins but not for steroids of other classes.

PMID- 3876233
TI  - Effect of anti-CSF on in vivo hemopoiesis.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to determine whether colony-stimulating factor in the
      serum is important in the control of granulopoiesis and monocytopoiesis. Groups
      of mice were injected with either antiserum to colony-stimulating factor (CSF) or
      normal rabbit serum every 12 h for intervals of 6-7 days. Antibody treatment did
      not lead to a reduction in circulating granulocytes or monocytes nor a decrease
      in marrow cellularity. In further studies, two dose levels of purified anti-CSF
      were employed; rabbit IgG served as a control. Virtually no effect was observed
      on blood monocytes, blood granulocytes, or marrow granulocytes; however, antibody
      treatment did cause a decline in marrow colony-forming cells and a reciprocal
      increase in erythroid progenitor cells. Immunoassays showed a virtual absence of
      serum anti-CSF after five days, despite continued administration of the antibody.
      Modified immunoassays indicated that this was due to development of murine
      antibodies directed against anti-CSF. In further experiments, mice received the
      purified antibody or whole antiserum in conjunction with cortisone to reduce
      murine antibody formation. Despite persistent anti-CSF levels in the serum, blood
      granulocytes, blood monocytes, and marrow precursor cells were unaffected. These
      findings suggest that serum levels of CSF do not appear to be responsible for in
      vivo granulopoiesis or monocytopoiesis.

PMID- 3876234
TI  - Fractionated populations of normal human marrow cells respond to both human
      colony-stimulating factors with granulocyte-macrophage activity.
AB  - Populations of normal human colony-forming cells (blast cells) and cluster
      forming cells (promyelocytes-myelocytes) were obtained from bone marrow by using
      the monoclonal antibody WEM G11 and the fluorescence-activated cell sorter
      (FACS). Both populations were shown to be responsive to both human colony
      stimulating factors (CSFs) with granulocyte-macrophage activity (CSF alpha and
      CSF beta), with the cluster-forming cell population being more responsive to CSF
      beta than the colony-forming cell population. The clonal proliferation of
      promyelocytes-myelocytes was transient, and the clones generated were of
      subcolony size (less than 40 cells) regardless of the CSF used. Clone transfer
      experiments demonstrated that progeny of promyelocytes-myelocytes initiated using
      one stimulus (CSF alpha or CSF beta) were also responsive to the other stimulus.

PMID- 3876235
TI  - The antielastase screen of the lower respiratory tract.
AB  - The protease-antiprotease theory of pulmonary emphysema holds that alveolar
      structures may be destroyed by neutrophil elastase but are normally protected
      from destruction by elastase inhibitors. Bronchoalveolar lavage allows to collect
      three types of antielastases: alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1 PI),
      bronchial mucus inhibitor and "unidentified inhibitors". Alpha 1 PI acts as an
      irreversible inhibitor of serine-proteinases. It reacts much faster with
      neutrophil elastase than with other enzymes and is therefore considered as a
      physiological inhibitor of this leukoproteinase. Oxidation of Met into methionine
      sulfoxide leads to a dramatic reduction of the inhibitory capacity of alpha 1 PI.
      This oxidative inactivation may be brought about by oxidants excreted by
      phagocytes and cigarette smoke condensate. A back-up control is provided by
      methionine sulfoxide reductase, an enzyme present in phagocytes and capable of
      reducing oxidized alpha 1 PI. The bronchial inhibitor is an acid-stable protein
      secreted by the mucus cells of the respiratory tract. It is a reversible tight
      binding inhibitor which reacts with neutrophil elastase. Although it occurs in
      low amounts in the lower respiratory tract it may play an active physiological
      role because of its low molecular weight which allows its easy diffusion within
      the interstitial tissue.

PMID- 3876236
TI  - The mucosal defence capacity against proteolytic leukocyte enzymes.
AB  - Proteolytic enzymes are released from granulocytes in connection with normal
      turnover and phagocytosis. Interest has been focused on granulocyte elastase as
      it has been shown to be associated with the development of lung emphysema.
      Elastase is present in purulent bronchial secretions where it is the dominating
      cause of elastolytic activity. The dominating inhibitors of elastase in the
      respiratory tract are alpha 1-antitrypsin and antileukoprotease.
      Antileukoprotease, which seems to be locally produced, is a potent inhibitor of
      elastase and accounts for about 90% of the inhibiting capacity against elastase.
      A local protective function of antileukoprotease is suggested by the finding that
      antileukoprotease was bound to granulocyte elastase in purulent bronchial
      secretions. The function of alpha 1-antitrypsin and antileukoprotease is reduced
      by the addition of smoke condensate in a dose- and time-dependent way. Smoke
      condensate was also found to depress the enzymatic activity of granulocyte
      elastase. Further studies of the protease-antiprotease balance in bronchial
      secretions from smokers with and without airway disease are necessary before any
      conclusions can be drawn regarding the pathophysiological significance of these
      results.

PMID- 3876237
TI  - Effects of percutaneous electrical stimulation on functional ability, plasma
      creatine kinase, and pectoralis musculature of normal and genetically dystrophic
      chickens.
AB  - The breast musculature of genetically dystrophic Line 413 and genetically related
      normal Line 412 chickens were treated in three separate trials with high
      frequency electrical stimulation (ES). Beginning on days 7 or 14 ex ovo, each
      bird received three ES treatments per week. Each stimulation cycle repeated five
      times per day consisted of 15 s "on" followed by 50 s "off". In the third trial
      only, the birds were additionally treated beginning day 3 ex ovo with either
      leucine (100 mg/kg) or the proteinase inhibitor Ep475 (10 mg/kg). ES
      significantly delayed the onset of righting disability in the dystrophic
      chickens. However, this improvement was temporary and could be masked by single
      treatments of either leucine or Ep475. Plasma creatine kinase activities were
      increased generally in both the stimulated normal and dystrophic birds. In two
      trials ES increased the relative muscle mass, and in one trial increased protein.
      ES had little effect on normal muscle mass or protein. However, ES treatment
      together with either leucine or Ep475 appeared to improve both normal and
      dystrophic muscle mass and protein. Furthermore ES decreased dystrophic muscle
      calcium but not acetylcholinesterase activity. On the other hand, ES had no
      effect on the total normal muscle calcium but increased normal
      acetylcholinesterase values. In both normal and dystrophic muscle samples, ES
      treatment in combination with leucine appeared to increase the mean muscle fiber
      diameters and number of myonuclei, and in the case of the dystrophic muscle,
      appeared to decrease the relative proportion of vacuolated, degenerating, and
      intensely oxidative histochemical fibers. In general, stimulation (especially in
      combination with leucine) appears to alter in varying degrees the phenotypic
      expression of the muscle disease exhibited in the dystrophic chicken.

PMID- 3876238
TI  - Dendritic reticulum cells in AIDS-related lymphadenopathy.
AB  - One of two cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related persistent
      generalized lymphadenopathy revealed a profoundly altered pattern of dendritic
      reticulum cells as demonstrated by immunoreactive acid cysteine proteinase
      inhibitor. The alterations could be related to totally or partially destructed
      lymphoid secondary follicles.

PMID- 3876239
TI  - [Comparative study of the toxicity of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25 (RS)
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rats].
AB  - The toxic effects of 1 alpha (OH)D3 and 24,25 (OH)2D3 administered in doses of
      0.25, 2.5 and 25 micrograms per animal a day were compared in rats weighing
      initially 230-260 g and fed an artificial diet containing 0.65 and 0.50% of Ca
      and P, respectively. After 5 days of administering different doses of 1 alpha
      (OH) D3 hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia developed whatever the dose, the
      animals' weight and density of the osseous tissue dropped starting with a dose of
      2.5 micrograms, together with a high death rate and Ca accumulation by soft
      tissues at a dose of 25 micrograms per animal. Unlike 1 alpha (OH)D3, 24,25
      (OH)2D3 did not exert any hypercalcemic or hyperphosphatemic action when given in
      a high dose (25 micrograms). On the contrary, it promote the decrease of the Ca
      and P blood levels. 24,25 (OH)2D3 did not bring about Ca accumulation by the
      organs or reduction of the osseous tissue density whatever the dose applied. In
      addition, the metabolite administered in a dose of 25 micrograms arrested the
      animals' growth. Thus, when given in comparable doses (the physiologic
      requirement of 1 alpha (OH)D3 and 24,25 (OH)2D3 for rats are 0.025 and 0.25
      micrograms/day, respectively), 24,25 (OH)2D3 was at least one order of magnitude
      less active as regards its capacity to increase the Ca and P blood levels and to
      resorb the osseous tissue. The data obtained and the inhibitory effect on the
      growth of the 100-fold dose of 24,25 (OH)2D3 point to the feasibility of the
      short-term use of the metabolite in doses that do not exceed more than 10-fold
      the physiologic dose.

PMID- 3876240
TI  - N-substituted urethanes as potential antiinflammatory agents.
AB  - Sixteen N-substituted urethanes were investigated as potential antiinflammatory
      agents. Most of them showed no stronger activity than phenylbutazone. The most
      active in the xylene hyperemia test were N,N'-dicarbethoxy-N,N'-dicyclohexyl-1,3
      diaminopropane (XVI) and cyclohexyl piperidine-1-carboxylate (XIII). None of the
      studied compounds showed analgesic activity.

PMID- 3876241
TI  - The generation of active fragments of complement receptor type 2 by trypsin
      digestion.
AB  - B lymphocytes and Raji cells express the complement receptor type 2 (CR2) of 145
      kDa which recognises the C3d fragment of C3. When intact cells are treated with
      trypsin, CR2 is degraded. There is a parallel loss in C3d-mediated rosetting and
      in proteins which bind to C3d-Sepharose. Initially 97 and then 83 kDa fragments
      of CR2 are produced which retain C3d binding activity. These fragments are
      associated with the cell surface and mediate rosetting. Purified 125I-labelled
      CR2, solubilised in detergent, produces fragments of apparently identical size on
      treatment with trypsin. The 83 kDa fragment produced by trypsin treatment closely
      resembles the major C3d binding protein spontaneously released into Raji cell
      culture medium.

PMID- 3876242
TI  - Serotonergic conversion of MPTP and dopaminergic accumulation of MPP+.
AB  - [3H]MPP+ had lower Km and higher Vmax values for its accumulation in rat brain
      synaptosomes than did [3H]MPTP. The kinetic parameters favored the uptake of
      [3H]MPP+ in the striatum to that in hypothalamus, whereas they were equally
      favorable for the uptake of [3H]MPTP in both regions. Hypothalamic uptake of
      [3H]MPTP and [3H]MPP+ was inhibited by desipramine, imipramine, norepinephrine,
      and serotonin. Striatal uptake of [3H]MPP+ and [3H]MPTP was blocked by
      nomifensine and dopamine. These results support the concept that MPTP accumulates
      in serotonergic neurons where it is oxidized by monoamine oxidase B to MPP+,
      which is released and then is selectively accumulated in dopaminergic neurons via
      the dopamine uptake system.

PMID- 3876243
TI  - Alpha 1-antitrypsin and serum albumin mRNA accumulation in normal, acute phase
      and ZZ human liver.
AB  - Alpha 1-Antitrypsin and albumin mRNA levels of 4 human livers were assessed using
      a newly sequenced cDNA clone of the carboxyterminal third of alpha 1-antitrypsin
      and a previously cloned albumin cDNA sequence. The relative concentration of
      alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA was the same in poly(A)-containing RNA isolated from
      acute phase (MM) and alpha1-antitrypsin deficient (ZZ) individuals. In the acute
      phase liver relative to the normal (MM) liver, total RNA extracts showed a marked
      decrease in albumin mRNA concentration but no increase in alpha 1-antitrypsin
      mRNA. The ZZ liver showed decreased total and poly(A)-containing RNA content but
      the same proportion of alpha 1-antitrypsin to albumin mRNA as in the normal (MM)
      liver. This supports other evidence that ZZ alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency is due
      to a defect in polypeptide processing (secretion) rather than a deficiency in
      mRNA accumulation.

PMID- 3876244
TI  - Characterization of C1q, C1s and C-1 Inh synthesized by stimulated human
      monocytes in vitro.
AB  - C1q, C1s and C1 Inh synthesized and secreted by human monocytes were
      characterized by SDS-PAGE. C1q is formed of three chains A (Mr approximately 35
      000), B (Mr approximately 33 000) and C (Mr approximately 25 000) which are
      associated in two subunits A-B and C-C. It appears identical to C1q purified from
      plasma. C1s is secreted as a non-activated, monocatenar protein of Mr
      approximately 87 000 identical to proenzymic C1s from plasma. Secreted C1 Inh (Mr
      approximately 100 000) has a slightly higher Mr than purified plasmatic C1 Inh.
      Monensin treatment of the cells favours the intracytoplasmic accumulation of
      products at various glycosylation stages.

PMID- 3876245
TI  - B lymphocyte development.

PMID- 3876246
TI  - [Seasonal changes in the number and activity of thymus-dependent lymphocytes in
      practically healthy persons of various ages].

PMID- 3876247
TI  - The effect of hemodynamic monitoring system flush solution on the fluid status of
      cardiac surgery patients.

PMID- 3876248
TI  - Cytochemical studies on the secretory activity of guinea pig heterophils during
      sensitization.
AB  - Guinea pig males immunized with ovalbumin were investigated. Enzymes present in
      primary and secondary granules were revealed as well as sudanophilia and p.a.S.
      positive substances, NBT test, phagocytosis and antigen binding capacity of blood
      heterophils. It is suggested that sorting out of enzymes and substances found in
      primary and secondary granules is related to decrease of cytoenzymatic reactions.
      Mechanisms of secretion of these substances during sensitization is discussed.
      The hypothesis about secretory and regulatory function of the heterophils is
      suggested.

PMID- 3876249
TI  - Polyclonal B cell activation during the course of Angiostrongylus cantonensis
      infection.
AB  - The numbers of IgM antibody forming cells against various heterologous antigens:
      SRBC, HRBC, TNP and FITC, were found to be elevated in the spleens of rats after
      infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis. In these rats, the number of splenic
      B cells and total IgG and IgM levels in serum also increased spontaneously about
      2- to 3-fold of uninfected rats during the course of the infection. These results
      suggested that A. cantonensis infection may activate B cells polyclonally in the
      spleens of the infected rats. While, it was clearly observed that the antibody
      response to SRBC injection was significantly depressed in these rats, compared to
      those of uninfected rats. The relation between the polyclonal B cell activation
      and the immunodepression was discussed.

PMID- 3876250
TI  - A serum independent medium effective in all aspects of hybridoma technology and
      immunological applications.
AB  - KC 2000 TM is a serum-free medium designed and developed for use in all phases of
      hybridoma technology providing maximum growth and antibody production. This
      unique medium provides consistent results as its performance is not affected by
      variation found in serum. In addition, the use of KC 2000 TM reduces the risk of
      contamination of cultures by mycoplasma and viruses which may be present in low
      concentrations in serum. Antibody production and assays are performed in KC 2000
      TM without high concentrations of interfering proteins. Only those proteins
      necessary to produce maximum performance in all hybridoma applications are
      present (250 micrograms protein/ml). Extensive testing has shown that this serum
      free medium yields maximum results in all aspects of hybridoma technology,
      including the generation of antibody secreting hybridomas, as well as their
      subcloning. With a single exception, all cell lines tested could be transferred
      directly from medium containing serum into KC 2000 TM. Consistent growth and
      antibody production was maintained during subsequent passaging of these cells.
      These results show that KC 2000 TM is unique among serum-free media as it is the
      only serum-free medium that can be successfully utilized in the selection of HAT
      resistant hybrid cell clones after use of a single type of medium throughout the
      entire process of development and maintenance of hybridoma cell lines.

PMID- 3876251
TI  - Diet can prevent diabetes in the BB rat.
AB  - When compared with laboratory chow, a defined, semipurified diet prevented
      diabetes, reduced the frequency of insulitis, increased thymus weight and total
      white blood cell count, and doubled thymus T-helper/T-suppressor cell ratios in
      diabetes-prone BB rats. These data show that the diabetic syndrome in BB rats may
      be prevented or delayed by changes in diet, which may occur through alteration of
      pathogenic defects in the immune system.

PMID- 3876252
TI  - Autoimmune hepatitis: the present status in Japan.
AB  - A nationwide survey using questionnaires was carried out concerning lupoid
      hepatitis and related diseases (518 cases) during the 8-year period from January,
      1975 to December, 1982. The following results were obtained. A total of 253 cases
      of autoimmune hepatitis, consisting of 97 lupoid hepatitis and 156 lupoid type
      CAH, were reported. Autoimmune hepatitis was overwhelmingly predominant in
      females, while male cases of B type CAH with a gamma-globulin level of more than
      2 g/dl significantly outnumbered female CAH cases of the same type. The liver
      function tests at the first examination demonstrated that transaminases, total
      bilirubin, ICG (R15) and gamma-globulin were increased, and ChE was decreased in
      lupoid hepatitis. Lupoid type CAH showed a close similarity with lupoid hepatitis
      rather than to the nLnB type or B type with regard to liver function. Of the 289
      patients who could be followed up, 280 cases (97%) received steroid hormones, and
      247 (85%) received no another drug. Immunosuppressive treatment was also
      performed in 40% of the HBs antigen-positive cases of B type CAH. The efficacy
      was about 90% in the lupoid hepatitis group as well as in the lupoid type CAH
      group. It was no greater than approximately 70% in any other group. Analysis of
      survival revealed the following: 1) The cumulative survival rates of autoimmune
      hepatitis was lowest among the different types of CAH. 2) Patients who had a high
      serum level of total bilirubin tended to die sooner than those who had a low
      level. There was no correlation between the cumulative survival rate and serum
      gamma-globulin concentration or antinuclear antibody titer. 3) The duration of
      steroid hormone therapy and the total dosage of immunosuppressants were thought
      to be important factors affecting the prognosis of autoimmune hepatitis.

PMID- 3876253
TI  - Endoscopic local injection of hypertonic saline-epinephrine solution to arrest
      hemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - For the purpose of arresting hemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal tract we
      developed a method of endoscopic local injection of hypertonic saline-epinephrine
      solution, consisting of 3.6% or 7.1% sodium chloride with 0.005% epinephrine,
      which was locally injected around the base of the bleeding vessel under
      endoscopy. During the period between October 1978 and September 1983, a total of
      158 patients underwent treatment for hemostasis by this method. The major causes
      of bleeding in our study consisted of gastric ulcers (114) and duodenal ulcers
      (15). The overall effective rate of hemostasis was 98.1%. By applying this
      method, the rate of emergency operation for patients with bleeding from the upper
      gastrointestinal tract was significantly reduced from 21.7% (15/69) to 0.8%
      (1/128).

PMID- 3876255
TI  - Laser therapy is cost-effective.

PMID- 3876254
TI  - Solitary brain abscess following endoscopic injection sclerosis of esophageal
      varices.

PMID- 3876256
TI  - Intraperitoneal hemorrhage following fiberoptic gastroscopy.

PMID- 3876257
TI  - Mucofibrous bridge of the distal esophagus as a consequence of variceal
      sclerosis.

PMID- 3876258
TI  - Gastroscopy is feasible through a Celestin tube.

PMID- 3876259
TI  - [Histochemical and electrophoretic determination of a selected element of the rat
      myocardium metabolism as exemplified by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH/E.C.1.1.1.27/)
      following administration of the preparation Biseptol 480 (co-trimoxazole)].
AB  - Histochemical and electrophoretic examinations of the effect of Biseptol 480 on
      lactate dehydrogenase in the rat heart muscle were carried out on white male rats
      of Wistar strain of about 300 g in weight. The rats were divided into 2 groups:
      experimental group of 10 rats and a control one of 5 rats. Experimental rats were
      given, by stomach tube, 80 g of Biseptol 480, suspended in 1 cm3 of distilled
      water for 7 consecutive d. Control rats were given 1 cm3 of distilled water for 7
      consecutive d too. Samples were taken from the experimental and control rats to
      examine lactate dehydrogenase and to make isoenzyme separation. The lack of
      differences between the experimental rat samples and those control ones permitted
      to conclude that Biseptol 480 administered to rats, did not bring about
      significant histoenzymatic and electrophoretic changes suggesting a disbalance in
      the examined stage of metabolism in the rat heart muscle.

PMID- 3876260
TI  - Catecholamine effects on blood pressure and heart rate in warm- and cold
      acclimated American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana).
AB  - The effects of epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), phenylephrine (PHE), and
      isoproterenol (ISO) were studied in vivo on the blood pressure and heart rate of
      the conscious American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Bullfrogs were chronically
      cannulated with a T cannula in the right sciatic artery. In warm-acclimated (22
      degrees, W-A) bullfrogs, baseline mean systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP)
      prior to catecholamine infusion was 16.8 +/- 1.1 mm Hg and mean preinfusion heart
      rate (HR) was 36.4 +/- 2.1 beats per min. In contrast, cold-acclimated bullfrogs
      (5 degrees, C-A) had baseline SAP values of 7.4 +/- 0.7 mm Hg and HR values of
      6.9 +/- 0.3 beats per min. W-A bullfrogs infused with ISO (0.03 to 30
      micrograms/kg body wt) demonstrated a dose-related increase in HR, while the HR
      of C-A bullfrogs did not respond to any tested dose of ISO. ISO administered to W
      A bullfrogs exposed to 5 degrees for 60 min produced no significant HR increase.
      When the animals were returned to 22 degrees, the HR response to ISO was
      restored. ISO did not affect SAP in either group. E, NE, and PHE increased SAP in
      both W-A and C-A bullfrogs, with E the most effective. All three catecholamines
      affected the SAP of C-A animals less than the W-A group. In W-A bullfrogs, E, NE,
      and PHE decreased HR, while no effect on HR was observed in the C-A
      group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3876261
TI  - [Hygienic establishment of the maximum permissible concentration of para
      aminobenzoic acid and its transformation products in reservoir water].

PMID- 3876262
TI  - [Immunology of malignant ovarian neoplasms. II. Nonspecific immunity and the
      effect of treatment].

PMID- 3876263
TI  - [Return to work after aortocoronary bypass graft].

PMID- 3876264
TI  - Common characteristics of mutant adenine phosphoribosyltransferases from four
      separate Japanese families with 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis associated with
      partial enzyme deficiencies.
AB  - 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis associated with partial deficiencies of adenine
      phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) has been found only among Japanese families. All
      Caucasian patients with the same lithiasis are completely deficient in this
      enzyme. Partially purified APRT from one of the Japanese families with the
      lithiasis associated with a partial deficiency of APRT had a reduced affinity for
      5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP). In the present investigations, we have
      shown that this characteristic is common in mutant enzymes from all the four
      separate Japanese urolithiasis families associated with partial APRT deficiencies
      so far tested. The mutant enzymes also had several other characteristics in
      common including increased resistance to heat in the absence of PRPP and reduced
      sensitivity to the stabilizing effect of PRPP. These data suggest that these
      families have a common mutant allele (APRT*J) at the APRT gene locus.

PMID- 3876265
TI  - Serum protein polymorphisms in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome.
AB  - The distribution of 4 serum proteins, the protease inhibitor alpha-1-antitrypsin,
      haptoglobin, transferrin and group-specific component or vitamin D-binding
      protein, were examined in 26 patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome and 208
      healthy donor controls. No significant associations were found between any of the
      4 systems and susceptibility to primary Sjogren's syndrome.

PMID- 3876266
TI  - Study of Reiter's syndrome, with special emphasis on Yersinia enterocolitica.

PMID- 3876267
TI  - Thymus cell migration in a prostaglandin-mediated system.
AB  - Prostaglandin (PG)-mediated T cell traffic and the nature of these emigrant T
      cells were analyzed by using a fluorescent activated cell sorter. Administration
      of indomethacin (INDO), an inhibitor of PG synthesis, increased the number of
      splenic T cells in normal mice but not in adult-thymectomized mice. An increase
      in thymus cell migrants in peripheral blood lymphocyte and splenic cell
      populations of mice pretreated with INDO were detected, using the method of in
      situ labelling of thymocytes with fluorescein diacetate. These results indicate
      that the increase in the T cell population in the spleen by INDO treatment
      results from the increase in thymus cell migration to the spleen. Such recent
      emigrants in the spleen were thought to have been derived from the thymus cortex,
      judging from the response to phytohemagglutinin and intracellular terminal
      deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity; however, they expressed a Thy-1 level
      similar to that found on peripheral T cells. These results suggested that a
      cortical thymocyte population was recruited from the thymus to the spleen by a PG
      mediated system, but its Thy-1 level rapidly changed to that found on the
      peripheral T cell population.

PMID- 3876268
TI  - Role of T cells in preventing transmission of rodent malaria.
AB  - Transmission blocking immunity induced by microgamete vaccination is fully
      effective for at least 12 months. Passive transfer of immune T cells reduced
      transmission of a subsequent infection by 95%, the effect being partly due to a
      significant reduction in numbers of circulating gametocytes during the infection.
      This immunity was apparently independent of specific antibody, though these were
      produced within a few days after challenge infection and was mediated by a T cell
      of the GK1.5+, Ly 2.2 phenotype. Immune serum and immune T cells, administered
      together, showed a strong additive effect and blocked transmission completely.

PMID- 3876270
TI  - Serum IL-2 inhibitor in mice. II. Molecular characteristics.
AB  - The molecular characteristics of a serum IL-2 inhibitor were determined by
      fractionating active sera from normal and malaria-infected mice, and assaying
      inhibitory activity in blocking production and expression of IL-2 activity. Using
      isoelectric focusing and ion exchange chromatography, the activity resolved in a
      single peak (pI = 6.2). HPLC gel filtration resolved two peaks of activity
      (50,000 and 25,000 MW) which are probably related. The molecule is precipitated
      by 50% saturated ammonium sulphate, and is destroyed by heating above 56 degrees
      or by acidification below pH 4.

PMID- 3876269
TI  - Antigen presentation of lysozyme: T-cell recognition of peptide and intact
      protein after priming with synthetic overlapping peptides comprising the entire
      protein chain.
AB  - Recently, using synthetic overlapping peptides which encompass the entire protein
      chain of hen egg lysozyme, the full submolecular profile of continuous regions on
      the protein recognized by T cells (T sites) was localized. In the present report,
      we have examined in two mouse strains the proliferative response to peptides and
      to native protein of lymph node cells from mice primed with synthetic overlapping
      peptides, either individually or as a mixture. It was found that the pattern of T
      cell recognition observed after priming with peptides differs from that obtained
      when the native protein is used as the immunogen. Some, but not all, of the T
      site containing peptides were effective in priming for an anti-lysozyme T-cell
      response. Several peptides which were highly immunogenic as free synthetic
      peptides were not associated with any of the known protein T sites. Further, some
      peptides were effective in priming for T cells that respond in vitro to the
      priming peptide, but not to the whole protein. If antigen processing proceeds via
      fragmentation, then only those regions containing T sites would be expected to be
      effective in priming for a T-cell response to the intact protein. Since this was
      not found to be the case, it is unlikely that fragmentation of lysozyme is a
      prerequisite for antigen presentation. Rather, we suggest that the critical
      aspects in the presentation of a protein antigen predominantly involve
      recognition of an intact protein, the interaction of which with the cell membrane
      triggers cellular activating events.

PMID- 3876271
TI  - Effector mechanisms of syngeneic anti-tumour responses in mice. I. Establishment
      and characterization of an exogenous IL-2-independent cytotoxic T-lymphocyte line
      specific for radiation-induced leukaemia RL male 1.
AB  - A CTL line (CTLL-D4) mediating specific cytolytic activity against radiation
      induced leukaemia RL male 1 has been established and maintained on a long-term
      basis without the addition of exogeneous TCGF. This line was originally selected
      by the limiting dilution of MLTC cells from RL male 1-immune (BALB/c X C57BL/6)
      F1-nu/+(CB6F1-nu/+) spleen cells (500 cells/well) in the presence of 5% rat TCGF,
      2000 rads-irradiated normal CB6F1-nu/+ spleen cells as the feeder cells, and
      10,000 rads-irradiated RL male 1 tumour cells as the stimulator. After expansion
      only with the feeder and tumour cells, CTLL-D4 shows highly specific cytotoxic
      activity against RL male 1 by in vitro CMC assay, since cells such as RL male 6,
      RL female 8, RL female 9, P815, MOPC-315 (H-2d), EL-4 (H-2b) and YAC (H-2a) are
      not killed. Microcytoxicity assay of this line has revealed that CTLL-D4
      comprises three subsets of T lymphocytes (100% Thy-1.2+): 15-25% Lyt-1+23-, 60
      75% Lyt-1+23+ and 10-15% Lyt-1-23+. The proliferation of this line seems to
      depend largely upon the syngeneic MLR-like responsiveness of the Lyt-1+23-
      subsets of CTLL-D4 to the Ia-positive cells in CB6F1-nu/+ splenic feeder cells,
      and has been restricted to the H-2d-haplotype of the feeder cells. In spite of
      the vigorous cell proliferation by coculturing with the feeder cells alone, the
      cytolytic activity of this line begins to decrease after some 7 days of culture
      in the absence of the stimulator RL male 1 cells which have no capacity to
      stimulate by themselves. Thus, by long-term culture of CTLL-D4 with the syngeneic
      feeder cells alone, a new non-cytolytic line (D4f) was established. Mechanisms
      enabling the long-term maintenance of CTL activity and subset composition have
      been discussed in terms of cellular cooperation between the subsets of this line.

PMID- 3876272
TI  - Effector mechanisms of syngeneic anti-tumour responses in mice. II. Cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes mediate neutralization and rejection of radiation-induced leukaemia
      RL male 1 in the nude mouse system.
AB  - We demonstrated the efficacy of a long-term cultured cytotoxic T-lymphocyte line,
      CTLL-D4, on tumour growth inhibition using athymic nude mice as recipients. CTLL
      D4, specific for a unique surface determinant on a radiation-induced leukaemia RL
      male 1 of BALB/c origin, was obtained from the limiting dilution culture of MLTC
      cells performed between spleen cells of a CB6F1-nu/+ mouse immunized in vivo and
      RL male 1 stimulator cells, and cultured for several months in the absence of
      added TCGF as described in our preceding paper (Kuribayashi, 1985). The specific
      inhibition of tumour growth by CTLL-D4 was demonstrated both in Winn-type
      neutralization assay and in systemic transfer experiments. A subcutaneous
      inoculation of the mixture of CTLL-D4 and RL male 1 cells resulted in the
      complete inhibition of tumour growth, even at the effector to tumour cell ratio
      of 1:1, whereas non-cytolytic D4f, which was self-Ia antigen(s)-reactive,
      composed entirely of Lyt-1+23- T cells and derived originally from CTLL-D4 but
      completely lost its cytotoxic activity during culture with the irradiated
      syngeneic feeder cells alone, had no inhibitory effect at all. In the adoptive
      transfer studies, the subcutaneously established tumours were rejected by the
      single i.v. transfer of 2 X 10(7) CTLL-D4 cells into CB6F1-nu/nu mice. However,
      D4f was ineffective again in this systemic transfer system. When the effect of
      CTLL-D4 cells on tumour rejection in vivo was compared to that of non-cultured
      spleen cells hyperimmunized with RL male 1 cells, the former exhibited more rapid
      rejection in nude mice after i.v. transfer than the latter did, suggesting that
      CTLL-D4 cells also attack the tumour cells much more effectively as effectors in
      vivo. Thus, it is conceivable that CTLs are mainly involved in tumour rejection
      in this adoptive transfer system using RL male 1 tumour cells and athymic nude
      mice.

PMID- 3876273
TI  - 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits pokeweed mitogen-stimulated human B-cell
      activation: an analysis using serum-free culture conditions.
AB  - The effect of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) on pokeweed mitogen
      induced generation of human immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) was studied in
      serum-free culture. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (1.75 X 10(6)/ml)
      were cultured in 200 microliter microculture wells containing Iscove's MEM
      supplemented with 20 micrograms/ml of human transferrin, 20 micrograms/ml of
      soybean lecithin and 1 mg/ml of delipidated bovine albumin. The culture supported
      ISC generation of all isotypes, and the optimal concentration of pokeweed mitogen
      was 1 microgram/ml. After stimulation with a suboptimal concentration (0.3
      micrograms/ml) of pokeweed mitogen, 1,25-(OH)2D3 suppressed the ISC generation at
      a dose range between 10(-9) M and 10(-7) M, and maximal inhibition was obtained
      at 10(-7) M. 1,25-(OH)2D3 had no effect on the spontaneous ISC generation. The
      effect was specific for 1,25-(OH)2D3 and no suppression was obtained by 24R,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.

PMID- 3876274
TI  - High dietary vitamin A (retinyl palmitate) and cellular immune functions in mice.
AB  - High dietary intakes (4000-650,000 IU/kg diet) of vitamin A (retinyl palmitate,
      RP) modified the functions of peritoneal macrophages (PM). The number of
      peritoneal exudated cells (PEC) obtained from CD-1 mice increased significantly
      at both 7 and 10 weeks after initiation of the RP diets. The percentage of PM in
      PEC showed no significant difference between dietary groups and was at levels of
      55-60%. PM from mice fed high RP diets showed higher tumoricidal activities than
      PM from controls without any preincubation with macrophage activators.
      Enhancement of in vitro tumoricidal activity of PM increased with increasing
      contents of RP in the diets, reaching 30% lysis by PM isolated from mice fed the
      highest RP (650,000 IU/kg diet) diet. However, the in vitro activation of
      tumoricidal ability of PM by macrophage-activating factor (MAF) was inversely
      correlated with the dietary RP content. The tumoricidal activities of PM from
      mice fed the highest RP diet were not enhanced by MAF. However, these PM showed
      an increased ability to phagocytose SRBC and opsonized SRBC compared to controls.
      Splenocytes and thymocytes were incubated with [3H]thymidine immediately after
      isolation and their mitogenic activities were measured. Splenocytes, but not
      thymocytes, isolated from mice fed the highest RP diet had increased mitogenesis.
      On the other hand, NK activity was not affected by dietary RP intake. There was a
      similar lysis of target cells by both splenocytes and thymocytes from mice fed
      diets with various RP levels. IL-1 was produced from PM by incubation with LPS,
      and its production was assessed using the proliferation of normal mice
      thymocytes. Production of IL-1 in vitro showed about a two-fold increase using
      cells from mice fed the highest RP diet compared to controls. High RP diets
      induced increased phagocytic ability and tumoricidal activity of PM but did not
      enhance NK activity. These findings suggest that high RP diet may cause
      activation of PM.

PMID- 3876275
TI  - Characteristics of lymphoblasts appearing in efferent lymph in response to
      immunization with vaccinia virus.
AB  - Efferent lymphocytes collected from a cannulated lymphatic draining a single
      lymph node were studied for their cytotoxic activity following the injection of
      live vaccinia virus s.c. into the drainage site of the lymph node. Three days
      after the injection of virus, there was a 40-fold increase in the output of
      lymphoblasts from the regional lymph node. However, antigen-reactive cells,
      presumably T-helper cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and CTL precursors,
      were first detectable in efferent lymph during the fifth day after injection of
      virus. After a secondary challenge with virus, both lymphoblasts and antigen
      reactive lymphocytes appeared earlier in efferent lymph, but lymphoblasts were
      still found well before the antigen-reactive cells. Efferent lymph cells were
      fractionated into a blast-enriched and a blast-depleted population of cells.
      Antigen-proliferating cells, CTLs and CTL precursors were each found to coenrich
      with the lymphoblast population. These findings indicate that much of the initial
      lymphoblast migration from the regional lymph node into efferent lymph after
      immunization consists of cells that do not specifically react to the injected
      antigen in vitro. Previous studies using allogeneic lymphocytes as the antigen
      have attributed both antigen-proliferating cell and CTL activity to the small
      lymphocyte population. In contrast, our studies on antigen-proliferating cells,
      CTLs and CTL precursors, after immunization with virus, suggest that, during the
      first 10-12 days following immunization, these cells are large lymphoblasts
      rather than small lymphocytes.

PMID- 3876276
TI  - T-cell co-operation in the mediation of acquired resistance to Listeria
      monocytogenes.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were used to select T-cell subsets that mediate delayed
      type hypersensitivity (DTH) and acquired cellular resistance (CRI) in rats
      infected with Listeria monocytogenes. The mediators of DTH were identified as
      W3/25+ OX8- T cells. The latter comprised a subset distinct from that which could
      protect recipient rats against a Listeria challenge. The protective T cells had a
      W3/25- OX8+ phenotype. The T-cell mediators of cellular resistance to infection
      (TCRI) failed to augment the expression of DTH; however, the mediators of DTH
      (TDTH) significantly enhanced the protective capacity of TCRI. This property of
      TDTH correlated with the ability of the cells to promote the focal deployment of
      TCRI and macrophages at sites of soluble Listeria antigen injection in skin, and
      in peritoneal exudates induced by killed L. monocytogenes. These findings
      illustrate the co-operative interaction of activated T cells in acquired
      resistance to L. monocytogenes, and imply that DTH has a purposeful role in the
      host defence against infection.

PMID- 3876277
TI  - Production of porcine interleukin-2 and its biological and antigenic
      relationships with human interleukin-2.
AB  - A lymphokine obtained from PHA-stimulated porcine blood leukocytes was found to
      induce the growth of IL2-dependent murine cells: this factor was therefore
      considered as the porcine lymphokine analogous to IL2. PHA was found to induce
      higher amounts of IL2 than Con A. Preculture of porcine PBL or addition of
      indomethacin enhanced IL2 production, suggesting the existence of a prostaglandin
      mediated inhibition of IL2 production in fresh PBL cultures. Porcine IL2 could
      also promote the growth of activated porcine cells whereas it was inactive on
      human lymphoblastoid cells. A neutralizing polyclonal anti-human IL2 antiserum
      was also unable to neutralize porcine IL2. These results indicate therefore, that
      no biological and antigenic cross-reactivities are demonstrable between human and
      porcine IL2.

PMID- 3876278
TI  - Effect of ascorbic acid on human natural killer cells.
AB  - Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was found to inhibit human natural killer cell (NK
      cell) activity in a dose-dependent manner. Neither effector/target cell binding
      nor interferon (IFN)- or interleukin-2 (IL-2)-induced increases of NK activity
      were affected by vitamin C. Lymphocytes incubated for 1 h at 4 degrees C with
      vitamin C showed a normal NK activity, whereas lymphocytes incubated for 1 h at
      37 degrees C with vitamin C exhibited low NK activity. Our findings suggest that
      vitamin C influences NK cells, probably by acting as a radical scavenger which
      inactivates killing factors of NK cells.

PMID- 3876279
TI  - Granular natural-killer cells develop into mucus-secreting cells.
AB  - Colonies of granular natural-killer cells selectively develop in lymph-node cell
      cultures of nude mice after stimulation with rat T-cell growth factor. When these
      cells are grown on X-irradiated monolayers prepared from 16-18-day-old mouse
      embryos, they are triggered to synthesize and secrete a sulphated glycoprotein
      that can be identified as mucus. As a result of an erosive process of the
      granules, the mucoid material accumulates in pools in the cytoplasm matrix. The
      secretion is operated through a process of budding of double-membrane-bound
      vesicles. The successful triggering of mucous synthesis is interpreted by the
      successful growth of those mesenchymal cells in the embryonic monolayer that
      function in the induction of epithelial morphogenesis in the developing embryo.

PMID- 3876280
TI  - Establishment and biological activity of a proliferative anti-idiotype-activated
      T cell line.
AB  - Antisera were raised in rabbits against a monoclonal antibody (McAb 103) of
      C3H.SW origin which is specific to the synthetic polypeptide (T,G)-A-L and was
      shown to express the major idiotypic determinants of conventional anti-(T,G)-A-L
      antibodies. Antibodies were purified and were shown in a binding assay to
      recognize McAb 103 as well as C3H.SW anti-(T,G)-A-L antibodies. C57BL/6 mice were
      immunized with the purified rabbit anti-McAb 103 (Ra 103) and their lymph nodes
      were studied in a proliferation assay. Proliferation was observed in the presence
      of both Ra 103 and (T,G)-A-L, although the latter stimulated the cells to a
      lesser extent, suggesting the induction in vivo of (T,G)-A-L-specific clones in
      low frequency. A T cell line was established from these lymph node cells. The
      line is kept in continuous growth in the presence of IL-2 and periodic triggering
      with Ra 103. A significant proliferative response was obtained with Ra 103 only.
      This proliferation could be almost completely inhibited by either McAb 103 or by
      conventional anti-(T,G)-A-L antibodies of C3H.SW origin, indicating the cross
      reaction between the idiotypes expressed on the T cell line and the (T,G)-A-L
      specific antibodies. No proliferation could be detected in the presence of either
      normal rabbit IgG or rabbit anti-mouse IgG. Thus, the T cell line TId 103 allows
      the analysis of the role of idiotype in T cell recognition and regulation.

PMID- 3876281
TI  - B-cell responses to male-specific antigen(s) in mice.
AB  - It has been found that B-cell responses to male-specific antigen(s) can be
      clearly demonstrated by reversed plaque assays. Female mice injected with
      syngeneic male spleen cells showed significant increases (greater than 100 X in
      some strains) in the number of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in lymph nodes
      draining the injection site. There was a variation in B-cell responsiveness
      between strains and this correlated only partially with previously reported T
      cell responsiveness to the H-Y antigen. C57BL (H-2b) mice were among the most
      responsive, while CBA (H-2k), (CBA X C57BL)F1, and BALB/c (H-2d) were all much
      less responsive. These results apparently open up a new approach to the
      investigation of B-cell responses to male-specific antigen(s).

PMID- 3876282
TI  - Ly-29: a locus closely linked to Mtv-20 on chromosome 4 codes for a new mouse
      lymphocyte surface alloantigen.

PMID- 3876283
TI  - Antigenic heterogeneity of outer membrane proteins of nontypable Haemophilus
      influenzae is a basis for a serotyping system.
AB  - A serotyping system for nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) was developed by
      using isolated outer membrane protein (OMP) preparations and rabbit antisera.
      OMPs of 23 strains were isolated by molecular sieve chromatography of outer
      membranes in 1.5% sodium deoxycholate buffer. These OMP preparations were
      relatively free of lipopolysaccharide as determined by silver staining of sodium
      dodecyl sulfate gels and by dot assay with a monoclonal antibody which is
      specific for the lipid A of H. influenzae. Three antisera raised to whole
      organisms were used to serotype 21 of 23 strains with a kinetic enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay. Digestion of OMP preparations with proteinase K removed
      greater than 90% of the antigenic reactivity, indicating that the system is based
      on OMP antigens. Marked antigenic heterogeneity of OMPs exists among strains of
      NTHI. By determining the pattern of serological reactivity of OMPs with the three
      antisera, isolates were divided into groups based on antigenic differences. Six
      serotypes were identified. This OMP serotyping system is based on multiple
      antigenic determinants. Future studies will focus on identifying serotype
      specific epitopes to further refine this serological classification scheme for
      NTHI.

PMID- 3876284
TI  - Role of C5 and recruited neutrophils in early clearance of nontypable Haemophilus
      influenzae from murine lungs.
AB  - We used a mouse model system to investigate the pulmonary defense mechanisms
      involved in clearance of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae from the lower
      respiratory tract. The importance of the C5 complement protein molecule in
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) recruitment was studied by using congenic C5
      sufficient B10.D2/nSn (C5+) and C5-deficient B10.D2/oSn (C5-) mice. The C5+ and
      C5- mice were inoculated with saline or nontypable H. influenzae via an
      endobronchial catheter. Clearance of bacteria was studied by using quantitative
      lung cultures. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed at several time intervals.
      The number of cells in the lavage fluid were counted, and chemotactic activity
      was assayed in lavage fluid by the leading front technique, using human PMN in
      modified Boyden chambers. Pulmonary clearance of bacteria was significantly
      impaired in the absence of C5 (P less than 0.05). The C5+ mice recruited
      significantly more PMN after challenge with nontypable H. influenzae than C5-
      mice did (P less than 0.05), but significant PMN recruitment occurred in C5-
      mice. Similarly, although chemotactic activity was present in both C5+ and C5-
      mice, significantly more intraalveolar chemotactic activity was noted in C5+ mice
      than in C5- mice (P less than 0.05). The C5 molecule yields important chemotaxins
      during this early time period, but other chemotaxins are also present within the
      alveoli, demonstrating the redundancy of the inflammatory response after
      pulmonary challenge with nontypable H. influenzae. Nitrogen mustard-induced
      neutropenic animals were studied to evaluate the functional importance of PMN in
      pulmonary clearance of nontypable H. influenzae. Pulmonary clearance of
      nontypable H. influenzae was significantly impaired in neutropenic animals (P
      less than 0.05). Our results indicate that the prompt appearance of PMN in lungs
      is crucial for early clearance of nontypable H. influenzae.

PMID- 3876285
TI  - Functional role of interleukin 1 in periodontal disease: induction of interleukin
      1 production by Bacteroides gingivalis lipopolysaccharide in peritoneal
      macrophages from C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice.
AB  - Hot phenol-water-extracted lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Bacteroides gingivalis
      381 was purified by Sephadex G-100 chromatography with Tris buffer supplemented
      with sodium deoxycholate and EDTA (B-LPS). In the present study, B-LPS was
      examined for its ability to induce interleukin 1 (IL-1) production, a mitogenic
      response, and macrophage activation in LPS high-responder C3H/HeN and low
      responder C3H/HeJ mice. A significant increase in IL-1 production was observed in
      C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ peritoneal macrophages treated with various doses (1.0 to 50
      micrograms/ml) of B-LPS. IL-1 production by C3H/HeN macrophages treated with B
      LPS (10 micrograms/ml) was about seven times greater than that by C3H/HeJ
      macrophages. However, the IL-1 production induced by B-LPS (10 micrograms/ml) in
      C3H/HeN macrophages was four times lower compared with that induced by
      Escherichia coli O111 B4 LPS. Also, a significant increase in IL-1 production was
      found in human monocytes stimulated with B-LPS. That B-LPS-induced IL-1 exhibits
      some molecular weight heterogeneity was indicated from Sephadex G-75 gel
      filtration profiles. A significant, high mitogenic response by whole spleen cells
      with 1 X 10(5) to 5 X 10(4) cells of either mouse strain per well treated with B
      LPS (10 to 50 micrograms/ml) was observed. However, the response of C3H/HeJ mice
      was less than that of the C3H/HeN strain. Also, glucose consumption assays
      indicated that enhanced macrophage activation occurred in C3H/HeN but not in
      C3H/HeJ mice treated with B-LPS. In light of recent studies showing that IL-1
      stimulates bone resorption in a mouse calvaria system and collagenase production
      in fibroblasts, we suggest that B-LPS-induced IL-1 may play a significant role in
      the pathogenesis of adult periodontal disease.

PMID- 3876286
TI  - Brucella fractions behave as nonspecific mitogens and polyclonal B-cell
      activators for human lymphocytes.
AB  - Two lipid-A-free fractions which were extracted from Brucella melitensis and were
      designated PI and SF stimulated human unsensitized mononuclear cells to
      proliferate and to secrete immunoglobulins. Both of these effects were observed
      in cultures of peripheral blood, tonsils, and cord blood lymphocytes. Neither B
      cells nor T cells alone proliferated in the presence of these fractions, whereas
      the proliferative response of T cells plus B cells was largely independent of
      accessory cells. Polyclonal activation was estimated by counting the cells which
      secreted immunoglobulins of different isotypes into culture supernatants. This
      phenomenon was strongly T dependent.

PMID- 3876287
TI  - Degradation of muramyl dipeptide by mammalian serum.
AB  - Muramyl dipeptide, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine-D-isoglutamine (MDP), is the minimal
      biologically active subunit of bacterial peptidoglycan and elicits an acute
      inflammation in vivo. We now report that MDP is degraded by normal rat serum into
      its constituents, N-acetylmuramic acid and L-alanine-D- isoglutamine. The
      dipeptide is further degraded into its components L-alanine and D-isoglutamine.
      These results may help to explain how inflammation elicited by MDP is terminated
      in vivo.

PMID- 3876288
TI  - Influence of estrogen on host resistance: increased susceptibility of mice to
      Listeria monocytogenes correlates with depressed production of interleukin 2.
AB  - Mice given pharmacological levels of the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol
      demonstrated a marked increase in susceptibility to infection with Listeria
      monocytogenes. Experiments were performed in an effort to determine the
      mechanism(s) by which estrogen treatment increases the susceptibility of mice to
      L. monocytogenes infection. Estrogen exposure depressed the in vivo proliferative
      response of splenic lymphocytes to L. monocytogenes, which correlated with the
      decreased in vitro response of these cells to phytohemagglutinin. Interleukin 2
      (IL 2) production by splenic lymphocytes from estrogen-treated mice was
      decreased, although these cells were capable of proliferating normally in
      response to exogenous IL 2. Interleukin 1 production by peritoneal macrophages
      was not depressed by estrogen exposure. The number of bacteria observed in the
      spleens of estrogen-exposed mice challenged with L. monocytogenes was reduced by
      IL 2 administration. Thus, estrogens may decrease host resistance to L.
      monocytogenes by inhibiting IL 2 production and the subsequent proliferation of
      antigen-sensitized T lymphocytes required for recovery.

PMID- 3876289
TI  - Early rheumatoid-like synovial lesions in rabbits drinking cow's milk. I. Joint
      pathology.
AB  - Rheumatoid-like lesions developed in 9 of 25 (36%) Old English rabbits drinking
      cow's milk for 12 weeks. The incidence of lesions in male and female animals was
      similar. The majority of rabbits drinking cow's milk developed increased numbers
      of nucleated cells and raised percentages of T lymphocytes in their synovial
      fluids, compared to control rabbits. The cell counts and T cell percentages
      correlated with the severity of the histological lesions. No evidence of
      glomerulonephritis was observed in any of the experimental animals.

PMID- 3876290
TI  - Early rheumatoid-like synovial lesions in rabbits drinking cow's milk. II.
      Antibody responses to bovine serum proteins.
AB  - Thirty-six percent of Old English rabbits fed pasteurized cow's milk developed
      early rheumatoid-like synovial lesions. All rabbits drinking milk developed high
      titres of serum and synovial fluid Clq-binding activity. This has been shown to
      be due to specific antibody to Clq, produced in response to Clq in cow's milk. In
      addition, these rabbits responded to other bovine proteins present in cow's milk,
      including conglutinin, beta-lactoglobulin and IgG. There was no correlation
      between serum or synovial fluid titres of antibody to bovine milk proteins and
      synovial lesions.

PMID- 3876291
TI  - In vitro natural killer and killer cell functions in uremia.
AB  - In uremia, mitogen responses of lymphocytes are decreased as is their resistance
      to the immunosuppressive effect of steroids. We examined the functions of natural
      killer (NK) and killer (K) cells from uremic patients and their sensitivity to in
      vitro immunosuppression by methylprednisolone. NK- and K-cell activity was as
      high as that of control subjects, and remained so at different titrations of
      effector cells. The functions of NK and K cells from uremic patients tended to be
      more resistant to methylprednisolone than those of control NK and K cells. Thus,
      while uremia impairs T-cell functions and T-cell sensitivity to steroids in
      vitro, the cytotoxic effector cell functions which are not dependent on cell
      proliferation remain unaffected.

PMID- 3876292
TI  - Setting and counselor type as related to program retention.
AB  - Study was made of the relationship between successful treatment outcome and
      staff:client ratios in two types of treatment settings. Successful treatment was
      defined as retention in treatment for at least 6 months and program completion.
      Using a total sample of 5,405 discharged clients, it was found that there were no
      differences in outcome between community mental health centers and dedicated drug
      abuse treatment programs for clients whose primary drug of abuse was either an
      opiate or a nonopiate exclusive of marijuana. Community mental health centers
      were significantly more likely to retain minority group marijuana clients 6
      months or more to treatment completion while dedicated drug abuse programs were
      significantly more likely to retain White marijuana clients 6 months or more to
      treatment completion. No differences in outcome were found for any of the three
      client groups in relation to program emphasis on advanced-degreed professionals
      as compared to paraprofessionals.

PMID- 3876293
TI  - Narcotic drug abuse in 152 countries: social and economic conditions as
      predictors.
AB  - This study examines the relationships between the level of narcotic drug abuse
      and the prevailing socioeconomic and health conditions and education levels in
      152 countries. Drug abuse, as classified in this paper, is related to
      socioeconomics, health, and education in complex ways. The data do not support
      the proposition that drug abuse is more common among technologically developed
      societies than among developing ones. The best predictors of drug abuse were
      those related to health.

PMID- 3876294
TI  - The immunosuppressive potency of various steroids on peripheral blood
      lymphocytes, T cells, NK and K cells.
AB  - The immunosuppressive effect of natural and synthetic steroids was tested in
      vitro on phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated T lymphocytes and peripheral blood
      lymphocytes (PBL), as well as on NK and K cell activity. Three groups of
      steroids, significantly different in their immunosuppressive activity, were
      identified. Fluorohydrocortisone, and methylprednisolone were highly potent in
      suppressing PHA stimulation of T lymphocytes and PBL. Hydrocortisone was of
      intermediate potency, whereas cortisone, dihydrocortisol, and tetrahydrocortisol
      were of low potency. T lymphocytes were more sensitive to the suppressive effect
      of fluorohydrocortisone and methylprednisolone than were PBL cultures. NK and K
      cell activity was suppressed only by the high potency synthetic steroids and even
      then the suppression of K cell activity was not significant except at high in
      vitro steroid concentrations. The present findings support the conception that
      different lymphocyte subpopulations have different susceptibility to the effect
      of highly potent steroids. Thus, lymphocyte heterogeneity must be taken into
      account when the immunosuppressive potencies of different glucocorticoids are
      studied. Furthermore, the findings in different lymphocyte populations ranked the
      relative in vitro immunosuppressive potency of glucocorticoids different from the
      relative anti-inflammatory potencies reported in the literature.

PMID- 3876296
TI  - In vitro inhibition of murine B-cell tumor growth by MDP, MDP(D-D) and Vaccin is
      mediated by macrophages.
AB  - The effect of two muramyl dipeptides, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine
      (MDP) and N-acetylmuramyl-D-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP(D-D)), on the in vitro
      growth of two murine ascitic plasmacytomas, MOPC 173 and TEPC 15, and on an
      ascitic lymphoma cell line, ABPL2, was studied. The ability of the muramyl
      dipeptides to inhibit tumor cell growth was compared with a sonicated antigenic
      preparation of Mycobacterium vaccae (Vaccin), known to have macrophage
      stimulation activity. The growth of all three ascitic cell lines was inhibited by
      both muramyl dipeptides and Vaccin. Macrophage-depletion of the ascitic cell
      populations led to an increase in cell growth of TEPC 15 and MOPC 173, and a
      decrease in ABPL2. A reduction or loss of the inhibitory activity of the muramyl
      dipeptides or Vaccin was also observed, and no inhibitory activity was found when
      the tumor cell lines were cultured in vitro to render them macrophage-free. The
      inhibitory activity of MDP or MDP(D-D) was restored when purified ascitic
      macrophages were added to the in vitro cultured cell lines. It was demonstrated
      that a minimum number of macrophages were necessary for the expression of
      inhibitory activity. Indomethacin, a PG-synthetase inhibitor, was found to act in
      a synergistic manner with MDP and MDP(D-D) in inhibiting TEPC 15, but antagonized
      the effect of these two agents on ABPL2. The lymphoma cell line ABPL2 appeared to
      be the most sensitive to inhibition by MDP(D-D), a nonpyrogenic, adjuvant
      inactive stereoisomer of MDP.

PMID- 3876295
TI  - Correlation of murine susceptibility to tumor, parasite and bacterial challenge
      with altered cell-mediated immunity following systemic exposure to the tumor
      promoter phorbol myristate acetate.
AB  - Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), the most potent of the tumor promoting phorbol
      diesters, modulates function in several immunoresponsive cells following in vitro
      exposure. Since suppression of cellular mechanisms capable of limiting tumors and
      infections can adversely affect health, these experiments were designed to
      evaluate relevant components of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) following in vivo
      PMA exposure, and to determine the biological significance of any alterations
      utilizing assays of host resistance. Adult, female B6C3F1 mice were administered
      0.2, 2.0, 20.0 or 40.0 micrograms PMA/g body weight subcutaneously over a two
      week period. Mechanisms of cell-mediated host resistance were assessed by
      quantitating natural killer (NK), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and macrophage
      mediated lysis of radiolabelled tumor target cells, and macrophage-induced
      cytostasis in tumor cell populations. Macrophages from PMA-treated mice were
      cytostatic to tumor cells, inhibiting up to 90% of growth in cultured tumor
      cells, but were not tumoricidal. Furthermore, pyran-elicited (primed)
      macrophages, which are activated to fully cytotoxic states by in vitro exposure
      to lipopolysaccharide, were inhibited in tumoricidal activation by in vivo PMA
      exposure. The induction of responsive but not cytotoxic macrophages by in vivo
      PMA exposure is consistent with the enhanced resistance to Listeria bacterial
      challenge, and increased susceptibility to B16F10 tumor and Trichinella parasitic
      challenges observed in these mice. Furthermore, previous reports of decreased in
      vitro NK activity following in vivo PMA exposure and present observations of
      correlative decreases of in vivo NK activity (55% decrease in mice exposed to 20
      micrograms PMA/g) suggest an important role for NK activity in limiting in vivo
      B16F10 melanoma growth. CTL effector function was less susceptible to PMA-induced
      suppression than NK function at similar dosages, further supporting a predominant
      role of macrophages and NK cells or possibly other effector functions in the
      resistance to Listeria, Trichinella, or B16F10 challenge. Nevertheless,
      significant suppressive effects of PMA on CTL function at higher dosages cannot
      be excluded as contributing to altered host resistance to these agents. These
      studies demonstrate that in vivo exposure to PMA can modify cell-mediated
      mechanisms of host resistance with coincident alterations in the incidence of
      infections and tumors.

PMID- 3876297
TI  - Production of colony stimulating factor by EL-4 lymphoma cells stimulated with
      phytohemoagglutinin.
AB  - Murine EL-4 lymphoma cells when stimulated with optimal doses of
      phytohemoagglutinin (PHA) release colony stimulating factor (CSF) in the
      conditioned medium. CSF production depends on PHA and stops when the lectin is
      withdrawn. The production is dependent on protein synthesis and is not related
      with DNA replication. The CSF produced by El-4 cells stimulates murine bone
      marrow cells to differentiate in vitro into mature granulocytes. Unstimulated EL
      4 cells do not produce CSF while its conditioned medium is able to inhibit EL-4
      proliferation in vitro. Gel filtration chromatography of conditioned medium from
      PHA-stimulated EL4 cells yields a peak of activity corresponding to an apparent
      molecular weight of 20,000-25,000 daltons.

PMID- 3876298
TI  - Glucocorticosteroid effects on dog and rat serum complement.
AB  - Inhibiting properties of glucocorticosteroids in vivo on the complement system
      are not fully recognized. Dexamethasone and prednisolone (10(-7)-10(-3)mol/l.)
      have no direct effects on serum complement of the dog, rat, human and guinea pig.
      Yet after subcutaneous application of dexamethasone (0.4 mg/kg) on two
      consecutive days to healthy beagle dogs the total functional complement is
      reduced to about 60% of the normal level within the next three days. This effect
      could be shown to be dose-dependent in male beagle dogs. Partial recovery of the
      depressed complement level (CH50 U/ml) occurs after the 6th day without
      treatment. In parallel a decrease in serum C3 is observed. The qualitative serum
      protein pattern documented by cellulose acetate film electrophoresis (CAF)
      reflects the decrease of C3 by a reduced beta 1-beta 2 level with a concomitant
      increase of the alpha 2 serum proteins. In contrast, serum complement, C3 and the
      serum CAF pattern in rats are not much altered by prednisolone (2 X 15 mg/kg
      s.c.) or dexamethasone (2 X 2 mg/kg s.c.). Thus the rat appears relatively
      insensitive to humoral changes induced by steroid alone. Altered liver protein
      synthesis of complement and other acute phase proteins appear responsible for the
      profound steroid effects observed in the dog.

PMID- 3876299
TI  - Different susceptibilities to cyclosporin A of the mitogenic and potentiating
      activities of interleukins.
AB  - A dissociation was observed between the mitogenic and potentiating activities of
      interleukins (ILs)-1 or -2 in murine thymocyte cultures treated with drugs. The
      direct mitogenic effects of the ILs were unaffected by cyclosporin A (CsA) at
      concentrations which abolished the potentiating activities of these mediators,
      i.e. their synergy with lectins. Conversely to CsA, dexamethasone was more
      inhibitory to the mitogenic activity of the ILs than to their synergistic
      reactions with the lectins. The resistance to CsA of the mitogenic activity of IL
      1 was unexpected since this response is assumed to be mediated by newly formed IL
      2 and CsA inhibits IL-2 production. This resistance was further tested by
      coculturing thymocytes with the IL-2-dependent CT6 cells; net gains of thymidine
      uptake by the cocultures were attributed to IL-2 release. Such net gains were
      observed in cocultures stimulated with IL-1 alone and were relatively resistant
      to CsA. On the other hand, net gains stimulated by mitogenic lectins, alone or
      with IL-1, were eliminated by CsA. These results support the notion that IL-1
      direct activity on thymocytes is mediated by newly released IL-2 and show that
      this IL-1 activity is unusual in being resistant to CsA. Low levels of protection
      against CsA were also observed in cultures potentiated by IL-1: lymphocytes
      stimulated by lectins or antigens and IL-1 were inhibited by CsA less than
      lymphocytes stimulated without IL-1. Yet, this partial protection by IL-1 was
      achieved only at CsA concentrations about 100 fold lower than those resisted by
      thymocytes directly stimulated by IL-1.

PMID- 3876300
TI  - The influence of thymic humoral factor on systemic lupus erythematosus lymphocyte
      function.
AB  - The influence of thymic humoral factor, THF, on systemic lupus erythematosus,
      SLE, lymphocyte function was investigated. Increasing numbers of SLE T-cells,
      rosetted at 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C, were cultured with allogeneic normal B
      cells and the change in IgM synthesis was assessed. Lymphocytes of some SLE
      patients showed improved suppression with THF when rosetted at 37 degrees C.
      Normal control lymphocytes did not show a net change in suppression with THF. The
      subgroup of SLE patients that showed improved suppression with THF in vitro might
      be a more appropriate group for in vivo therapeutic trials with thymic hormone,
      TH, than SLE patients in general.

PMID- 3876301
TI  - Sheep-erythrocyte-capping by human T-lymphocytes. Pharmacological inhibition by
      phenothiazine drugs.
AB  - In our previous studies it was found that E-rosette dissociation and sheep
      erythrocyte capping were active processes involving the cytoskeleton. These
      cellular functions are now shown to be very sensitive to phenothiazine-drugs
      whose activities can be differentiated as follows: trifluoperazine greater than
      chlorpromazine greater than sulfoxide derivatives, suggesting a role for
      calmodulin-mediated events. These findings are in contradiction to prior reports
      pointing to the inefficacy of chlorpromazine to inhibit slow kinetic capping.
      However, no co-capping of trifluoperazine fluorescence (as a probe of calmodulin)
      and sheep erythrocytes could be observed. No requirement in extracellular calcium
      was evident for E-rosette formation and dissociation.

PMID- 3876302
TI  - Radiobiological studies of human hybrid cells (skin fibroblasts X HeLa) and their
      tumourigenic segregants.
AB  - Data are presented on the survival characteristics following gamma-irradiation of
      a human hybrid cell line (skin fibroblasts X HeLa), and its tumourigenic
      segregant, which indicate that transition from the non-tumourigenic to the
      tumourigenic state is associated with a decrease in the ability to accumulate and
      repair sublethal damage. Previous studies have demonstrated that this transition
      to the tumourigenic state is also associated with loss of specific chromosomes
      (one copy each of chromosomes 11 and 14). It is suggested that this loss of
      chromosomes may account for the change in radiosensitivity.

PMID- 3876303
TI  - Effect of heat on radiosensitivity at different developmental stages of embryos
      of the fish Oryzias latipes.
AB  - Embryos of the fish, Oryzias latipes, at various developmental stages were heated
      before or after gamma-irradiation. The lethal effects of heat and radiation
      treatments were determined by the hatchability of the irradiated embryos. The
      radiosensitivity suddenly decreased at 3-days after fertilization. Heat (41
      degrees C), either preceding or following irradiation, decreased the shoulder
      region (Dq) of the dose-response curves of the embryos irradiated at the 1-3 day
      stages, and increased the slope (D0) only at the 3 day stage. The magnitude of
      enhancement of radiosensitivity by pre- and post-heating was found to depend on
      the time and temperature of the heat as well as the developmental stage of the
      embryos; in 1- and 2-day embryos the effectiveness of post-irradiation heating
      was larger than that of pre-irradiation heating whereas in 3-day embryos there
      was no difference between the effectiveness of pre- and post-treatment. The
      sequence of heat (41 degrees C) and radiation treatment, and the time interval
      between the two treatments, also influenced the effectiveness of heat on
      radiosensitivity, depending upon the developmental stage; recovery from heat
      effects was not observed within a time interval of up to 3 h before radiation
      exposure for either 1- or 3-day embryos, whereas recovery from the radiation
      lesion occurred, for only 1-day embryos, within 1 h of subsequent heat exposure.

PMID- 3876304
TI  - The interaction between radiation and complexes of cis-Pt(II) and Rh(II): studies
      at the molecular and cellular level.
AB  - A range of Rh(II) carboxylates and cis-Pt(II) complexes have been examined for
      their ability to increase the radiation sensitivity of aerobic and hypoxic V79
      cells in vitro. The transition metal complexes sensitize in both air and
      nitrogen, with the greater effect generally occurring in nitrogen. The cis-Pt(II)
      complexes only show small levels of sensitization with dose modification factors
      (DMFs) of no more than 1.2. In contrast, the Rh(II) complexes can give DMFs of
      2.0. Radiation chemical experiments show the transition metal complexes to have
      substantially lower redox potentials than metronidazole and, in addition, neither
      type of complex undergoes electron transfer reaction or adduct formation on
      interaction with radicals derived from DNA bases. Thus, the inorganic complexes
      do not operate by mechanisms similar to those occurring with electron affinic or
      stable free radical sensitizers. The increase in radiation sensitivity for cells
      treated with the Rh(II) carboxylates, but not the cis-Pt(II) complexes, is
      attributed to the ability of the Rh compounds to deplete intracellular thiols.
      Further, the efficiency of sensitization by the Rh(II) complexes and their
      ability to interact with cellular thiols depends upon the nature of the
      carboxylate ligand and follows the order butyrate greater than propionate greater
      than acetate greater than methoxyacetate. The differences between the
      carboxylates may be due to differences in drug uptake. A combination of the
      Rh(II) complexes with misonidazole given to hypoxic cells irradiated in vitro
      gives an additive response. However, it was not possible to demonstrate a similar
      effect in tumours in mice given the combination of Rh(II) methoxyacetate and the
      misonidazole analogue RSU 1070.

PMID- 3876305
TI  - Survival curves of glutathione synthetase deficient human fibroblasts:
      correlation between radiosensitivity in hypoxia and glutathione synthetase
      activity.
AB  - The role of intracellular non-protein bound sulphydryl compounds (NPSH), and in
      particular that of glutathione (GSH), in the response of cells to ionizing
      radiation under different O2 concentrations has been assessed using cell strains
      deficient in glutathione synthetase and exhibiting different NPSH levels. The
      cell strains used originated from patients with 5-oxoprolinuria and from their
      relatives (heterozygotes and proficient homozygotes). No correlation has been
      found between NPSH and GSH concentrations and radiosensitivity under oxic,
      aerobic and hypoxic conditions. However, a highly significant correlation has
      been observed between radiosensitivity under hypoxic conditions (and therefore
      the oxygen enhancement ratio) and the glutathione synthetase activity, suggesting
      that synthesis of GSH is required after irradiation. In order to explain our
      results we postulated, beside radical processes, the existence of a GSH-dependent
      enzymatic repair mechanism for N2 type damage. Hypoxic radio-sensitivity measured
      with survival curves would result from the interaction of both competition and
      biochemical repair processes.

PMID- 3876306
TI  - The contribution of the nuclear reaction 1H(n, gamma)2D to the yield of DNA
      single strand breaks in cultured mammalian cells irradiated by thermal neutrons.
AB  - The yield of single strand breaks (ssb) in DNA of the HeLa S-3 cells after
      thermal neutron irradiation was examined using the alkaline sucrose gradient
      method. The contribution of the 1H(n, gamma)2D reaction to the yield of ssb was
      determined by substituting D2O for H2O in the irradiated medium. Calculation
      shows that when cells are irradiated in the H2O medium, the per cent contribution
      of the contaminating gamma-rays, the nuclear reaction 1H(n, gamma)2D and the
      other nuclear reactions is 31, 44 and 25 per cent respectively assuming
      additivity of effects. The estimated number of ssb induced by the nuclear
      reaction 1H(n, gamma)2D was at least 4.4 times greater than that by 60Co gamma
      rays at the same absorbed dose. Two possible interpretations are discussed to
      explain the high efficiency of the 1H(n, gamma)2D reaction for ssb induction.

PMID- 3876307
TI  - 125I-induced DNA double strand breaks: use in calibration of the neutral filter
      elution technique and comparison with X-ray induced breaks.
AB  - The neutral filter elution assay, for measurement of DNA double strand breakage,
      has been calibrated using mouse L cells and Chinese hamster V79 cells labelled
      with [125I]dUrd and then held at liquid nitrogen temperature to accumulate
      decays. The basis of the calibration is the observation that each 125I decay,
      occurring in DNA, produces a DNA double strand break. Linear relationships
      between 125I decays per cell and lethal lesions per cell (minus natural logarithm
      survival) and the level of elution, were found. Using the calibration data, it
      was calculated that the yield of DNA double strand breaks after X-irradiation of
      both cell types was from 6 to 9 X 10(-12) DNA double strand breaks per Gy per
      dalton of DNA, for doses greater than 6 Gy. Neutral filter elution and survival
      data for X-irradiated and 125I-labelled cells suggested that the relationships
      between lethal lesions and DNA double strand breakage were significantly
      different for both cell types. An attempt was made to study the repair kinetics
      for 125I-induced DNA double strand breaks, but was frustrated by the rapid DNA
      degradation which occurs in cells that have been killed by the freezing-thawing
      process.

PMID- 3876308
TI  - Strain differences in the radiosensitivity of mouse spermatogonia.
AB  - The radiosensitivity of spermatogonia was found to be greater by up to a factor
      of 2 in C3H mice than in B6D2F1 mice, whether assessed for the highly sensitive
      spermatogonia (types A2 to In) or the much more resistant clonogenic
      spermatogonia which repopulate tubules. The latter were similarly resistant in
      the B6D2F1 hybrid and in the DBA2 parent, but were much more sensitive in the
      C57BL parent strain. A difference in sensitivity by up to a factor of 2 results
      in a variation by a factor of 10 or more in the level of survival of clonogenic
      cells after high doses. This variation is also observed when comparing data in
      the literature from different authors using various strains of mice. Using the
      radiosensitizer misonidazole, it was shown that hypoxia did not play a major role
      in the lesser sensitivity demonstrated in B6D2F1 mice. The variation in
      sensitivity is similar to the range reported in the literature for reciprocal
      translocations.

PMID- 3876309
TI  - Investigation of thermotolerance in mouse testis.
AB  - The effect of a two-fraction heat treatment on mouse testis has been assessed by
      measuring testis weight loss at 1 week after treatment. The rate of repair of
      'sublethal' heat damage following the first treatment was dependent on the
      severity of the treatment. Using a primary treatment of 41.5 degrees C for 30
      min, the weight loss following a test treatment of 41.5 degrees C for 30 min
      returned to that of the test treatment alone within an interval of 16-24 h. Using
      a milder primary treatment of 40.0 degrees C for 30 min, repair of sublethal heat
      damage appeared to be complete by 1-2 h. When a single test treatment was used,
      there was no evidence of heat-induced thermal resistance (thermotolerance)
      following primary treatments of 40.0 or 41.5 degrees C for 30 min, for periods up
      to 24 h between treatments. A small degree of thermotolerance could, however, be
      demonstrated following the most severe primary treatment used if full dose:
      effect curves were obtained. Thermotolerance, manifest as a decrease in slope,
      was maximal at approximately 4 h after the primary treatment. The results are
      discussed with reference to other normal tissue data.

PMID- 3876310
TI  - Changes in frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges
      during confluent holding recovery in X-irradiated normal human diploid
      fibroblasts.
AB  - The time course of the changes in survival and cytogenetic damage was studied in
      X-irradiated cultures of human diploid fibroblasts before release from density
      inhibition of growth. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations declined rapidly
      during the initial 2 h recovery interval in parallel with an enhancement in
      survival. The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) increased during this
      interval reaching a maximum of 2 h, then declined. These changes are discussed in
      relation to previous observations on X-ray induced cytogenetic damage and
      malignant transformation in rodent cells under similar conditions.

PMID- 3876311
TI  - Chromosomal abnormalities induced by iodine-125 in mouse germ cells.
AB  - Swiss albino male mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0, 185, 370 or 555
      kBq (0, 5, 10 or 15 microCi) of iodine-125 (125I). All the animals were killed on
      the sixtieth day and chromosomal aberrations were screened in spermatocytes at
      meiotic metaphase I. A significant increase in the percentage of chromosomal
      aberrations including translocations (0, 1.2, 1.8 and 2.3 per cent translocations
      in controls, 185, 370 and 555 kBq groups respectively) was recorded at all dose
      levels indicating the clastogenic effects of 125I in mouse spermatocytes.

PMID- 3876312
TI  - Effects of low dose rate (0.003-0.025 Gy/h) chronic X-irradiation on
      radioresistant and radiosensitive L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells.
AB  - Cultures of radioresistant (LY-R) and radiosensitive (LY-S) strains of L5178Y
      mouse lymphoma cells were exposed continuously to X-rays delivered at dose rates
      ranging from 0.003 to 0.025 Gy/h for up to 35 days. Populations of both strains
      proliferated actively during the exposure, but the growth rates were reduced in a
      dose rate-dependent manner. The reduction of growth rate occurred for strain LY-S
      earlier during the exposure and at lower dose rates than for strain LY-R. The
      survival (as measured by colony forming ability) of strain LY-R was affected only
      slightly at all dose rates applied. For strain LY-S, a decrease in the surviving
      fraction was observed in the initial part of the exposure. This decrease was
      followed by a plateau and eventually by an increase, in some cases to values
      close to the control level. The increase in the surviving fraction indicated that
      the radioresistance of the exposed LY-S cells had increased. This pattern was
      particularly clear for dose rates greater than 0.014 Gy/h. The pre-irradiated
      cells exhibited radioresistance when exposed to acute X-radiation after
      termination of the chronic exposure. The increase in radiation resistance was
      stable for at least 70 days after termination of the protracted exposure. These
      results show that mutagenic and/or selective phenomena leading to an increase in
      radiation resistance of mammalian cells can be caused by protracted exposures to
      X-rays at dose rates permitting active proliferation.

PMID- 3876313
TI  - Radiosensitization/radioprotection: methods of analysis.

PMID- 3876314
TI  - Are endothelial cells rich in filaments involved in the phenomenon of
      electrically induced stoppages of flow in frog capillaries?
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of occurrence of the
      phenomenon in skin and muscle capillaries in both young and mature frogs and to
      examine the ultrastructure of endothelial cells found in these capillaries. Using
      microelectrode techniques, trains of pulses of durations up to 90 s, amplitudes 
      0.2 to -2.0 V, frequencies 10 to 64 Hz and pulse widths 5 to 50 msec were applied
      to microscopically visualized capillaries situated either in skin (knee region)
      or at the surface of a sartorius muscle in metamorphosed, intermediately aged or
      mature frogs. Reproducible flow stoppages induced by these trains of pulses
      occurred in 2.3%, 1.4% and 6.7% of all tested muscle capillaries and in 11.1%,
      82.5% and 68.6% of all skin capillaries in the three age groups, respectively.
      Examinations of electron micrographs of very thin sections of both skin and
      muscle capillaries revealed that only 13 out of 47 (27.7%) and 4 out of 45 (8.9%)
      endothelial cells in these two tissues contained filament bundles. In light of
      these ultrastructural findings, the dramatically high occurrence of the
      phenomenon of electrically induced stoppages of flow in skin capillaries (in both
      intermediately aged and mature frogs) cannot be explained in terms of the
      hypothesis involving endothelial cells rich in filaments. It is concluded that
      caution must be exercised when interpreting this phenomenon in terms of the
      several microvascular responses which the electrical stimulation can elicit.

PMID- 3876315
TI  - On the use of a biologic sealing system (Tissucol) in periodontal therapy. II.
      Histologic evaluation.

PMID- 3876316
TI  - Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. Considerations on the
      first 85 patients.
AB  - Eighty-five consecutive cases of esophageal varices treated by endoscopic
      sclerotherapy are analyzed retrospectively. Most of these cases (84.7%) were done
      in emergency in patients (60) with poor liver function. Bleeding was stopped in
      94.4% of cases but 22% of them had at least one rebleeding episode. Only a few
      and minor complications were observed. The safety and the immediate good results
      obtained by the procedure recommend it as a primary measure in bleeding
      esophageal varices. Moreover the actual role of endoscopic sclerotherapy as an
      elective or prophylactic procedure in the treatment of hemorrhage from esophageal
      varices, is discussed.

PMID- 3876317
TI  - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage from an aortoduodenal fistula: endoscopic
      considerations.
AB  - A case of gastrointestinal hemorrhage from a secondary aortoduodenal fistula,
      treated with removal of the prosthesis and reconstruction of duodenal and aortic
      wall, is reported. The endoscopic findings that provided a preoperative diagnosis
      are discussed.

PMID- 3876318
TI  - Management of bleeding esophageal varices by repeated endoscopic injection
      sclerotherapy--4 years' experience.
AB  - Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) is successful in arresting bleeding from
      esophageal varices and has been used increasingly in recent years. Repeated EIS
      results in eradication of esophageal varices. Fifty patients were treated by
      emergency EIS and then by repeated elective injections; 177 EIS procedures were
      performed, with a mean follow-up period of 12.6 months. Most patients had
      nonalcoholic cirrhosis; 56% were in Child's Class C. Emergency EIS arrested
      variceal bleeding in 88% of patients, with a hospital mortality of 22%. In nine
      patients, bleeding persisted or recurred and was treated by repeated EIS or
      surgery. Complications occurred in five patients, all of whom recovered with
      conservative treatment. Patients in Child's Class C had a poor prognosis after
      EIS. Gastric varices were found frequently in patients classified as Child's C,
      but rarely in Child's Class A or B patients. Thus, the presence of gastric
      varices may be a marker for poor prognosis. Long-term observations demonstrate
      the effectiveness and safety of EIS in patients with bleeding esophageal varices.

PMID- 3876319
TI  - T-polyagglutination in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3876321
TI  - [Instructions for the documentation of neoplasms in the area of the head and neck
      following the TNM system. Contribution to the validation of the TNM system].
AB  - As the only international classification scheme the TNM-system allows
      classification of practically all tumours of all organs according to uniform
      rules. In the interest of international comparison of findings and results the
      TNM-system alone can be recommended for classification. Checklists are used for
      extension of the basic documentation for the head and neck. Directions for
      initial and follow up analysis are given. The TNM-system in this proposed
      practice allows clear determination of the pre-therapeutic findings, recurrences
      to be taken into account, the course of the disease to be recorded, and the
      survival rate to be calculated. The data are suitable for recording on a
      computer. Finally uniform recommendations for treatment may be deduced.

PMID- 3876320
TI  - Production of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) by T-chronic lymphocytic leukemia
      cells.
AB  - T-lymphocytes are probably involved in regulating myelopoiesis. We show that
      homogeneous populations of leukemic T-lymphocytes freshly obtained from two
      patients with T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia produce colony-stimulating
      activity. The cells from both patients showed the antigenic and biochemical
      phenotype of the mature T-lymphocyte of the helper subset. This adds further
      support to the view that helper T-lymphocytes may regulate hematopoiesis in
      addition to their role in the immune function.

PMID- 3876322
TI  - Carbenicillin-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase produced by Corynebacterium
      pseudodiphtheriticum.

PMID- 3876323
TI  - Single-unit characteristics in the auditory midbrain of the immobilized
      grassfrog.
AB  - The anuran auditory midbrain of the grassfrog (Rana temporaria L.) was studied by
      a combined spectro-temporal analysis of sound preceding neural events. From the
      spectro-temporal sensitivities (STS) estimates of best frequencies (BF) and
      latencies (LT) were derived. Several types of STSs were observed: monomodal
      excitatory STSs comprised about half of the cases. Bimodal excitatory STSs, i.e.
      STSs with two discrete excitation regions, were observed in about 25%. Trimodal
      and broadly tuned STSs comprised about 5%. The remaining 20% of the STSs were
      characterized by inhibitory phenomena such as pure inhibition, sideband
      inhibition and post-activation inhibition. The distribution of best frequencies
      matches the frequency spectrum of the animal's vocalizations. A relative absence
      of monomodal units was noted in the mid frequency range. The distribution of
      latencies was bimodal over the range 7-108 ms. For each unit 6 functional
      parameters were determined; besides BF and LT these were: form of the STS (i.e.
      monomodality versus multimodality), spontaneous activity, binaural interaction,
      and firing mode (i.e. sustained versus transient) upon continuous noises
      stimulation. In addition, two structural parameters were considered: location in
      the torus and action potential waveform. Large correlations appeared between LT
      and action potential waveform, and between BF and binaural interaction type.
      Tonotopy was not found. A comparison was made between results from this study
      with a previous study on lightly anesthetized grassfrogs, using the same stimulus
      paradigms (D.J. Hermes et al. (1981): Hearing Res. 5, 147-178; D.J. Hermes et al.
      (1982): Hearing Res. 6, 103-126). Spontaneous activity, inhibitory phenomena and
      complex STSs were common using immobilization, whereas these have hardly been
      observed using anesthesia. Furthermore, interdependencies between the neural
      characteristics are substantially weaker for the immobilized preparation.

PMID- 3876324
TI  - Carbohydrates detected by lectins in the vestibular organ.
AB  - In the vestibular organ the presence of carbohydrates in the cupula and otoconia
      of young (6-day-old) and adult rats was investigated using fluorescent lectins.
      The following sugars have been identified in both young and adult rats: N-acetyl
      glucosamine, galactose, mannose and fucose. In contrast, N-acetyl-galactosamine
      was not detected. In order to demonstrate the specificity of the reaction,
      control experiments were performed after preincubation of the lectin with its
      specific inhibitory sugar. The same sugars were identified in calcified (i.e.
      otoconia) and non-calcified (i.e. cupula) structures. The role of these sugars in
      the mineralization and fusion process of otoconia is discussed.

PMID- 3876325
TI  - Trimethoprim sulphamoxole in the treatment of chancroid. Comparison of two single
      dose treatment regimens with a five day regimen.
AB  - In a prospective blinded study, 135 men with genital ulcers culture positive for
      Haemophilus ducreyi, were randomized to one of three regimens. Two single dose
      regimens, either the combination of sulphamoxole 3200 mg/trimethoprim 640 mg or
      trimethoprim 700 mg alone were compared to a five day regimen of sulphamoxole 800
      mg/trimethoprim 160 mg twice daily. All 31 treated with a five day regimen of
      trimethoprim sulphamoxole healed without further treatment. Of 27 patients
      treated with the single dose sulphamoxole/trimethoprim regimen, only 21 were
      cured and of 34 treated with trimethoprim alone, 25 responded. Antibacterial
      susceptibilities were performed on 31 H. ducreyi isolates. The laboratory
      susceptibility of these strains to trimethoprim correlated with the clinical
      response to the single agent. Trimethoprim alone in a dose of 700 mg or the
      combination of sulphamoxole (3200 mg) and trimethoprim (640 mg) is not
      satisfactory for the single dose treatment of genital ulcer disease. However,
      when prescribed for five days, sulphamoxole/trimethoprim is effective and
      compares favourably with other treatment regimens.

PMID- 3876326
TI  - Inhibition of beta-lactamase synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus by minocycline.
AB  - The effect of minocycline on beta-lactamase synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus
      was examined. Some inhibition of synthesis was detectable in organisms exposed to
      0.015 mg minocycline/litre (0.15 of the single cell MIC) and complete inhibition
      was observed at 0.05 mg drug/litre (0.5 MIC). In contrast, total cell protein
      synthesis was less susceptible to inhibition by minocycline. Although synthesis
      of beta-lactamase was inhibited by low concentrations of minocycline,
      benzylpenicillin and minocycline failed to show synergy when tested in a variety
      of combinations against penicillinase producing staphylococci. In fact, benzyl
      penicillin did not influence the minocycline MIC, and in the majority of cases
      the same pattern was exhibited by minocycline i.e. it did not generally alter the
      penicillin MIC. This is an example of true indifference whereby each antibiotic
      behaves as if the other were not present. The results presented here are
      discussed in relation to the possibility of therapeutic control of beta-lactamase
      producing organisms by suppressing the level of enzyme produced.

PMID- 3876327
TI  - Characterization of a new beta-lactamase from Fusobacterium nucleatum by
      substrate profiles and chromatofocusing patterns.
AB  - Seven beta-lactamase-producing Fusobacterium nucleatum strains were isolated from
      patients with recurrent tonsillitis. The isolates were highly resistant to
      phenoxymethylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin and
      cloxacillin. They were all sensitive to cefaclor, cephaloridine, cefotaxime,
      cefoxitin, latamoxef (moxalactam) and imipenem. Penicillinase activity was found
      intracellularly after 20 h incubation. Specific activity of the unpurified
      penicillinase varied among the strains between 0.24-9.3 U/mg protein. The enzyme
      hydrolysed ampicillin and benzylpenicillin more rapidly than piperacillin.
      Cephalothin and imipenem were hydrolysed at rates less than 1% of
      benzylpenicillin. Chromatofocusing experiments eluted the beta-lactamases from
      all strains at a single peak between pH 5.1-5.2.

PMID- 3876328
TI  - Multiple antibiotic resistance plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from
      diarrhoeal specimens of hospitalized children in Indonesia.
AB  - We studied the plasmid and antibiotic resistance characteristics of 35 strains of
      Enterobacteriaceae recovered from faecal specimens of children with diarrhoea in
      Central General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. Twenty three Escherichia coli,
      three Providencia, three Proteus, three Klebsiella, two Enterobacter and one
      Citrobacter were examined. All strains were multiply resistant, many carrying six
      to nine antibiotic resistances. Most of these resistances were transferable to a
      laboratory E. coli strain and were carried on large-sized plasmids. All recently
      described tetracycline resistance determinants (Classes A----D) were represented;
      the most common was the Class B, or TN10 type. The TEM-1 beta-lactamase was
      detected in 17 out of 21 ampicillin-resistant strains examined. The OXA-1, PSE-1,
      and SHV-1 enzymes were also found. Of 23 plasmids tested, all could be classified
      into one of eight different incompatibility groups: IncFII, IncN, IncB, IncF1,
      IncI1, IncI2, IncH2 and IncT. These studies demonstrate the existence of large
      multiresistant transferable plasmids representing common incompatibility groups
      and bearing common tetracycline and ampicillin resistance determinants in enteric
      strains isolated from children hospitalized in Indonesia.

PMID- 3876329
TI  - Immunoelectron microscopic double labeling of alkaline phosphatase and
      penicillinase with colloidal gold in frozen thin sections of Bacillus
      licheniformis 749/C.
AB  - The subcellular distribution of alkaline phosphatase and penicillinase was
      determined by double labeling frozen thin sections of Bacillus licheniformis
      749/C with colloidal gold-immunoglobulin G (IgG). Antipenicillinase and anti
      alkaline phosphatase antibodies were used to prepare complexes with 5- and 15-nm
      colloidal gold particles, respectively. The character of the labeling of membrane
      bound alkaline phosphatase and penicillinase was different: the immunolabels for
      alkaline phosphatase (15-nm particles) were bound to a few sites at the inner
      surface of the plasma membrane, and the gold particles formed clusters of various
      sizes at the binding sites; the immunolabels for penicillinase (5-nm particles),
      on the other hand, were bound to the plasma membrane in a dispersed and random
      fashion. In the cytoplasm, immunolabels for both proteins were distributed
      randomly, and the character of their binding was similar. The labeling was
      specific: pretreating the frozen thin sections with different concentrations of
      anti-alkaline phosphatase or penicillinase blocked the binding of the immunolabel
      prepared with the same antibody. Binding could be fully blocked by pretreatment
      with 800 micrograms of either antibody per ml.

PMID- 3876330
TI  - Complementation of a Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides ribulose bisphosphate
      carboxylase-oxygenase regulatory mutant from a genomic library.
AB  - A genomic library containing HindIII partial digests of Rhodopseudomonas
      sphaeroides HR DNA was constructed in the broad-host-range cosmid cloning vector
      pVK102. With a portion of this library as donor in complementation studies with
      the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase regulatory mutant R.
      sphaeroides KW25/11, a fragment of DNA which is capable of partially
      complementing this mutant was isolated. In four independent matings, Aut+
      transconjugants which contained a hybrid plasmid carrying the same 28-kilobase
      pair insert were isolated. While complemented strains were capable of growing at
      rates equal to that of the wild type under photoautotrophic conditions, they were
      not able to match wild-type levels of ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase
      oxygenase activity or of form I ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase
      protein. In addition, there is some indication that recombination may be
      necessary for optimal complementation to occur. The size of the complementing
      fragment was further reduced to 2.7 kilobase pairs by using vectors constructed
      for subcloning.

PMID- 3876331
TI  - Intracellular localization of phospholipid transfer activity in Rhodopseudomonas
      sphaeroides and a possible role in membrane biogenesis.
AB  - The cellular content of phospholipid transfer activity in Rhodopseudomonas
      sphaeroides was examined as a function of both oxygen partial pressure and light
      intensity used for growth. Cells grown under high light conditions (100 W/m2) had
      over two times the cellular level of phospholipid transfer activity when compared
      with cells grown under other conditions. Although cells grown under low light
      conditions (3 W/m2) had the lowest amount of total phospholipid transfer
      activity, they had the highest level (49%) of membrane-associated transfer
      activity. The soluble phospholipid transfer activity was further localized into
      periplasmic and cytoplasmic fractions. The distribution of phospholipid transfer
      activity in cells grown under medium light intensity (10 W/m2) was calculated as
      15.1% membrane-associated, 32.4% in the periplasm, and 52.5% in the cytoplasm.
      The phospholipid transfer activities in the periplasmic and cytoplasmic fractions
      had distinctly different properties with respect to their molecular weights
      (56,000 versus 27,000) and specificities of transfer (phosphatidylethanolamine
      greater than phosphatidylglycerol versus phosphatidylglycerol greater than
      phosphatidylethanolamine).

PMID- 3876332
TI  - Interleukin 2 mRNA induction in human lymphocytes: analysis of the synergistic
      effect of a phorbol ester and phytohemagglutinin.
AB  - Induction of interleukin 2 (IL2) mRNA synthesis in human tonsillar lymphocytes
      was studied by quantifying the relative levels of IL2 mRNA in the lymphocytes
      stimulated under various conditions by the dot hybridization method. A remarkable
      increase of IL2 mRNA was induced by stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in
      the presence of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The kinetic study
      revealed that the IL2 mRNA level of the lymphocytes increased from 2 h of
      culture, reached a maximal level at 12 h, maintained a relatively high level
      until 48 h and then sharply decreased by 72 h after the stimulation. Inhibition
      experiments with actinomycin D showed that the increase was due to a transient
      synthesis of the mRNA after the stimulation, which almost stopped by 12-16 h. DNA
      synthesis and cell division were not necessary for the induction of IL2 mRNA
      production but the induction was inhibited by dexamethasone, showing that the
      production was mainly associated with the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Two-step
      culture experiments showed that prior exposure of the lymphocytes to TPA for 1 h
      at 37 degrees C resulted in a remarkable increase of IL2 mRNA on subsequent
      stimulation with PHA. This suggests that TPA induces certain changes in the
      biochemical pathway of signal transduction so that the cells can be triggered to
      express IL2 gene by subsequent stimulation with mitogen.

PMID- 3876333
TI  - Complete nucleotide sequence of a thermophilic alpha-amylase gene: homology
      between prokaryotic and eukaryotic alpha-amylases at the active sites.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of a thermophilic, liquefying alpha-amylase gene cloned
      from B. stearothermophilus was determined. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence
      analysis of the B. stearothermophilus alpha-amylase confirmed that the reading
      frame of the gene consisted of 1,644 base pairs (548 amino acids). The B.
      stearothermophilus alpha-amylase had a signal sequence of 34 amino acids, which
      was cleaved at exactly the same site in E. coli. The mature enzyme contained two
      cysteine residues, which might play an important role in maintenance of a stable
      protein conformation. Comparison of the amino acid sequence inferred from the B.
      stearothermophilus alpha-amylase gene with those inferred from other bacterial
      liquefying alpha-amylase genes and with the amino acid sequences of eukaryotic
      alpha-amylases showed three homologous sequences in the enzymatically functional
      regions.

PMID- 3876334
TI  - Hormonal and developmental regulation of expression of the hepatic microsomal
      steroid 16 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 apoprotein in the rat.
AB  - The hormonal regulation of the sexually differentiated cytochrome P-450 isozyme
      which catalyzes 16 alpha-hydroxylation of testosterone and 4-androstene-3,17
      dione in male rat liver (P-450(16) alpha) was investigated. Estradiol valerate
      injection of male rats caused a decrease in P-450(16) alpha levels to almost the
      female level, while methyltrienolone injection had the reverse effect in female
      animals. Hypophysectomy abolished the sex difference in P-450(16) alpha levels.
      Human growth hormone infusion into male rats, mimicking the female pattern of
      growth hormone secretion, caused a feminization of P-450(16) alpha levels. The
      same effect was also seen in hypophysectomized rats of both sexes. In contrast, a
      different administration schedule involving 12 h injections of human growth
      hormone, mimicking the male pattern of growth hormone secretion, caused a
      masculinization of P-450(16) alpha levels in hypophysectomized rats, at a daily
      dose which causes feminization when given by infusion. Thus, the level of
      expression of P-450(16) alpha in the liver is dependent on the temporal pattern
      of blood growth hormone levels. While infusion of rat growth hormone into male
      rats also feminized the P-450(16) alpha levels, infusion of ovine prolactin had
      no effect. Ontogenic studies showed that the developmental pattern of P-450(16)
      alpha expression in the liver coincided with the known pattern of development of
      the sexual differentiation of hepatic steroid 16 alpha-hydroxylase activity and
      of the diurnal pattern of growth hormone secretion.

PMID- 3876335
TI  - Photoinactivation of B-type monoamine oxidase by a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridine metabolite.
AB  - The reaction of the neurotoxin MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridine) with monoamine oxidase from a variety of tissues including
      rat and monkey brain, bovine liver, and human placenta and platelets was found to
      yield, as a primary product, a reactive photosensitive substance with an
      absorbance maximum at 345 nm which is not the cation 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
      ion previously reported as a monoamine oxidase-MPTP metabolite in vivo and in
      vitro. Our results suggest that the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion is probably
      only generated in subsequent nonenzymatic transformations of this reactive
      monoamine oxidase metabolite. This substance was found to specifically inactivate
      the B-form of monoamine oxidase by a photo-induced mechanism and to react
      directly with NADPH and dopamine. Properties of the metabolite and potential
      significance of its reactions to MPTP neurotoxicity are discussed.

PMID- 3876336
TI  - Mechanism of the glucocorticoid regulation of growth of the androgen-sensitive
      prostate-derived R3327H-G8-A1 tumor cell line.
AB  - The R3327H-G8-A1 cell line derived from the Dunning rat prostate adenocarcinoma
      contains both androgen and glucocorticoid receptors. Following steroid
      deprivation, androgens specifically increase the concentration of their receptors
      in these cells by approximately 2-fold within 6 h and 3-4-fold in 24 h. In the
      presence of potent glucocorticoids, androgen receptor augmentation is reduced by
      40-50% in the first 6 h and completely inhibited during the subsequent 24 h. This
      event, which is specific for glucocorticoids, appears to be due to an inhibition
      of androgen receptor synthesis. Furthermore, glucocorticoids inhibit
      proliferation of these cells by inhibiting the release of growth factors and
      arresting them in the G0 or A state of the cell cycle. This inhibition can be
      overcome by addition of low concentrations of either epidermal growth factor or
      platelet-derived growth factor; however, the inhibitory effect of the
      glucocorticoid on androgen receptor augmentation is not released. These results
      suggest that glucocorticoids arrest cellular proliferation by altering the
      autoregulation of growth and that this event is not dependent upon inhibition of
      androgen receptor augmentation.

PMID- 3876337
TI  - Acute stimulation by glucocorticoids of gluconeogenesis from lactate/pyruvate in
      isolated hepatocytes from normal and adrenalectomized rats.
AB  - Dexamethasone stimulated gluconeogenesis from lactate/pyruvate in suspensions of
      hepatocytes isolated from both adrenalectomized and normal fasted rats. This
      stimulation was observed in incubations with 1 mM pyruvate and at a
      lactate/pyruvate ratio of 25 but not at a ratio of 10-13. At a lactate/pyruvate
      ratio of 10-13, the stimulation by dexamethasone was progressively enhanced as
      the pyruvate concentration was decreased to 0.25 mM. Concurrent administration of
      a maximally stimulating concentration of dexamethasone with angiotensin II or
      glucagon yielded an additive stimulation at all concentrations of the peptide
      hormones tested. No potentiating or permissive actions of acute glucocorticoid
      administration were observed using hepatocytes from either normal or
      adrenalectomized animals. The acute stimulation by dexamethasone was antagonized
      by prior addition of progesterone or cortexolone to the hepatocyte suspensions.
      Triamcinolone and corticosterone also stimulated gluconeogenesis. Concentrations
      of the active glucocorticoids needed to elicit half-maximal stimulations (Kact)
      were approximately 100 nM for dexamethasone and triamcinolone and 400 nM for
      corticosterone. Deoxycorticosterone, 17 alpha-methyltestosterone, and 5 beta
      dihydrocortisol did not stimulate. Stimulation of gluconeogenesis by
      dexamethasone was seen following a lag averaging 9 min after the time of steroid
      addition. Preliminary evidence suggests that this effect was not dependent upon a
      stimulation of protein synthesis, but the observed stimulation and inhibition of
      control rates of gluconeogenesis by cycloheximide and cordycepin, respectively,
      demonstrate the difficulties of working with such inhibitors in attempting to
      answer this question.

PMID- 3876338
TI  - Epidermal growth factor promotes the chemotactic migration of cultured rat
      intestinal epithelial cells.
AB  - The RIE-1 cell line is an untransformed, epithelial cell line derived from the
      rat small intestine. We report that epidermal growth factor (EGF), which
      regulates the proliferation of RIE-1 cells, also directs their movement. We
      measured cell migration through gelatin-coated filters in blind-well Boyden
      chambers. The migration of RIE-1 cells was stimulated up to approximately 100
      fold by EGF, with a half-maximal response at 1-2 ng/ml and a maximal effect at 10
      ng/ml. Further analysis showed that the RIE-1 cells responded directionally to a
      gradient of EGF in solution. Other growth factors tested did not stimulate RIE-1
      cell migration, and EGF did not stimulate the migration of fibroblasts in this
      assay. We conclude that EGF is a potent and specific chemo-attractant for RIE-1
      intestinal epithelial cells and suggest that EGF might influence epithelial cell
      migration in vivo.

PMID- 3876339
TI  - Similar action of platelet-derived growth factor and epidermal growth factor in
      the prereplicative phase of human fibroblasts suggests a common intracellular
      pathway.
AB  - We have investigated the effects of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and
      epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the prereplicative phase of human foreskin
      fibroblasts cultured under defined conditions in serum-free MCDB 105 medium.
      Specific antisera against PDGF and EGF were used to inhibit the stimulation after
      certain incubation times. It was found that PDGF or EGF had to be present during
      the major part of the G0/G1 phase (greater than 8 h) in order to cause any
      appreciable commitment to DNA synthesis; half maximal stimulations were obtained
      after 9 h and 11 h of incubations with PDGF and EGF, respectively. When tested
      during a suboptimal period of time (6 h), neither an increase in concentration of
      PDGF or EGF, nor the addition of both growth factors simultaneously caused any
      appreciable stimulation of DNA synthesis. However, a suboptimal pulse of PDGF,
      followed by a suboptimal pulse of EGF, or vice versa, led to commitment to DNA
      synthesis. This finding indicates that PDGF and EGF, at least in part, induce
      similar intracellular events that transmit the mitogenic signal.

PMID- 3876340
TI  - Characterization of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase-inducing factor (NAP-IF).
AB  - A factor, termed neutrophil alkaline phosphatase-inducing factor (NAP-IF), that
      has the capacity to increase the NAP activity of granulocytes was characterized
      by using two samples: cystic fluid (CF) and conditioned medium of a tumor cell
      line (T3M5). The molecular weight of NAP-IF was shown to be between 13,000 and
      45,000, and its isoelectric point was between 5.5 and 6.2. It was sensitive to
      heat and proteolytic enzymes, but was resistant to DNase and RNase, suggesting
      that NAP-IF is an acidic protein or glycoprotein. These characteristics of NAP-IF
      seem to be similar to those of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
      (GM-CSF) that is also present in the CF. NAP-IF rich fractions obtained by
      isoelectric focusing from CF were also found to be rich in a subclass of GM-CSF:
      granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF). Furthermore, a high correlation was noted between the
      activities of G-CSF and NAP-IF (gamma = 0.798, P less than 0.005). These results
      suggest that the two activities, i.e., G-CSF and NAP-IF, may be attributable to
      an identical macromolecule.

PMID- 3876341
TI  - A gene-controlling response of bone marrow progenitor cells to granulocyte
      macrophage colony stimulating factors.
AB  - The production of granulocytes and macrophages from progenitor cells in the bone
      marrow is controlled, in part, by a family of humoral regulators, termed colony
      stimulating factors (CSF). We have examined genetic factors controlling this
      process using in vitro cloning techniques. The inbred mouse strain LP/J showed
      elevated colony formation (CFU-C) in response to one subtype of CSF (G,M-CSF)
      compared to other strains of mice examined including the strain C57BL/6J. This
      variation resulted in a shift to the left of the CFU-C dose-response curve for
      LP/J. No difference between LP/J and C57BL/6J was seen with another subtype of
      CSF (CSF-1). Maximal CFU-C response was similar in the two mouse strains with
      both types of CSF, and mixing experiments with both types of CSF gave the same
      maximal level of colony formation as the individual CSF. (C57BL/6J X LP/J)F1
      progeny exhibited a CFU-C dose-response curve to CSF-2 that was intermediate
      between the parental types, indicating additive inheritance. Genetic analysis of
      backcross progeny suggested that the variation in CFU-C response is probably
      determined by a single primary gene, although the variability of the colony
      formation assay has complicated interpretation of genetic studies. These results
      suggest that CSF-1 and G,M-CSF act independently on a single bone marrow
      progenitor cell population. The properties of the genetic variation for G,M-CSF
      response are consistent with an alteration in cellular receptors for G,M-CSF.

PMID- 3876342
TI  - Role of phorbol ester receptors in the 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate
      (TPA)-induced down-regulation of colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) binding to
      murine peritoneal exudate macrophages.
AB  - Treatment of murine peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEM) by tumor-promoting
      phorbol esters (TPA) results in a rapid loss of binding activity to radioactive
      labeled colony-stimulating factor ([125I]-CSF-1) on the cell surface. The
      inhibitory effect of TPA on PEM is transient; treated cells recover full [125I]
      CSF-1 binding activity in less than 6 hr at 37 degrees C either in the presence
      or after the removal of added TPA. The role of phorbol ester receptors in the
      induction of [125I]-CSF-1 binding inhibition was studied. The biologically active
      ligand [3H]-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate ([3H]-PDBu) bound specifically to cultured
      murine PEM. At 0 degree C, stable and equilibrium binding occurred after 2-3 hr.
      Scatchard analysis revealed linear plots with a dissociation constant and
      receptor number per cell of 20.9 nM and 3.9 X 10(5)/cell, respectively. Treatment
      of PEM with biologically active phorbol esters at 37 degrees C rapidly inhibited
      the binding activity of [3H]-PDBu on cell surface (down-regulation) and rendered
      these cells refractory to the TPA-induced [125I]-CSF-1 binding inhibition by the
      subsequent TPA treatment. The inhibition of phorbol ester binding activity on TPA
      treated PEM is caused by a reduction in the total number of available phorbol
      ester receptors rather than by a decrease in receptor affinity as judged by
      Scatchard analysis. The disappearance of [3H]-PDBu binding activity is reversible
      and transient. However, unlike CSF-1 receptors the restoration of phorbol ester
      receptors on TPA-treated PEM is a very slow process; a prolonged incubation of up
      to 72 hr after the removal of TPA was required for PEM to regain fully its [3H]
      PDBu binding activity. Furthermore, the degree of TPA-induced CSF-1-receptor down
      regulation is closely associated with the number of available phorbol ester
      receptors present on PEM at the time of treatment. Thus, the refractoriness to
      TPA diminished as the phorbol ester receptors on PEM recovered. A 72-hr
      incubation time at 37 degrees C was needed for PEM to lose their refractoriness
      and again become fully sensitive to TPA-induced CSF-1-receptor down-regulation.
      This study provides evidence that the loss of CSF-1-receptors induced by TPA
      treatment requires the presence of phorbol ester receptors and proceeds
      presumably via a co-internalization of both CSF-1 and phorbol ester receptors;
      the refractoriness to TPA is thereby induced by a transient loss of available
      phorbol ester receptors.

PMID- 3876343
TI  - Binding of 125I-labeled granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to normal murine
      hemopoietic cells.
AB  - The binding of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to murine bone
      marrow cells was investigated using a radioiodinated derivative of high specific
      radioactivity which retained full biological activity. The binding was time- and
      temperature-dependent, saturable and highly specific. The apparent dissociation
      constant for the reaction was 60-80 pM at 37 degrees C and 90-110 pM at 4 degrees
      C, similar to that found for the binding of G-CSF to murine leukemic cells (WEHI
      3B D+) and significantly higher than the concentration of G-CSF required to
      stimulate colony formation in vitro. Autoradiographic analysis confirmed the
      specificity of binding since granulocytic cells were labeled but lymphocytes,
      erythroid cells and eosinophils were not. Blast cells and monocytic cells were
      partially labeled, the latter at low levels. In the neutrophilic granulocyte
      series, grain counts increased with cell maturity, polymorphs being the most
      heavily labeled but all cells showed considerable heterogeneity in the degree of
      labeling. Combination of Scatchard analysis of binding with autoradiographic data
      indicated that mature granulocytes from murine bone marrow exhibited 50-500 G-CSF
      receptors per cell.

PMID- 3876344
TI  - Altered degradation of epidermal growth factor in a diphtheria toxin-resistant
      clone of KB cells.
AB  - We have investigated the cellular fate of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in KB
      cells and a variant, KB-R2A, that was isolated based on its resistance to
      diphtheria toxin and subsequently was shown to be resistant to infection by RNA
      viruses (Moehring and Moehring, 1972, Infect. Immunity. 6:487-492). Both cell
      lines bind 125I-EGF and internalize the cell-bound hormone at the same rate.
      However, when the degradation of internalized 125I-EGF was measured by the
      release of low molecular weight (mw) hydrolysis products into the medium, the
      toxin-resistant KB-R2A cells degraded the hormone at a drastically reduced rate;
      50% and 3% of the cell-bound 125I-EGF was degraded and released by 80 min in the
      KB and KB-R2A cells, respectively. To investigate the fate of cell-associated EGF
      prior to release into the medium, the radioactivity in extracts of cells labeled
      with 125I-EGF was fractionated by native gel electrophoresis. In KB cells three
      peaks of radioactivity other than native 125I-EGF were resolved. Time course and
      subcellular fractionation studies showed that the first processed product
      appeared while the hormone was located in the endocytic vesicles and the
      appearance of the other two peaks correlated with the arrival of the hormone in
      the lysosomal compartment. KB-R2A cells also produced the first intermediate but
      they produced only very low amounts of the other two peaks. These studies show
      that endocytic vesicles in both cell lines contain enzymes capable of processing
      EGF prior to the arrival of the hormone in the lysosomes and show that the KB-R2A
      cells have a lesion that prevents the complete degradation of the hormone. We
      propose that the KB-R2A cell line has a defective mechanism for the intracellular
      processing of a number of ligands that are internalized by the process of
      receptor-mediated endocytosis and that this defect is located beyond the initial
      endocytic step.

PMID- 3876345
TI  - Residual inhibition of epidermal growth factor binding by pancreatic
      secretagogues and phorbol ester in rat pancreas.
AB  - Cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK8) inhibits 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor
      (EGF) cell-associated radioactivity in pancreatic acini, ostensibly as a result
      of its ability to mobilize cellular Ca2+. The phorbol ester tetradecanoyl phorbol
      acetate (TPA), a compound that activates protein kinase C, mimics the inhibitory
      action of CCK8. In the present study we examined the relationship between
      occupancy of the cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor, the subsequent inhibition of EGF
      binding, and the potential role of C-kinase activation in mediating this
      inhibition. Proglumide and dibutyryl cyclic GMP (dbGMP), two distinct competitive
      antagonists of CCK8, reversed the inhibitory actions of CCK8. Analysis of steady
      state saturation kinetics of 125I-EGF binding indicated that CCK8 decreased the
      apparent affinity of the EGF receptor, mainly as a result of a marked decrease in
      the amount of internalized ligand. TPA also inhibited 125I-EGF internalization.
      Removal of CCK8 and TPA from incubation medium did not abolish their inhibitory
      actions. Carbachol, but not bombesin, exerted a similar residual inhibitory
      effect. It is suggested that in addition to acting via Ca2+, certain pancreatic
      secretagogues may also act through C-kinase to regulate EGF binding.

PMID- 3876346
TI  - Mononuclear macrophage (M-CFC) colony formation in semisolid media in the absence
      of exogenous GM-CSF.
AB  - Human fetal bone marrow (FBM) cells were examined for the ability to form
      colonies in the absence of exogenous colony-stimulating factor (CSF) in double
      layer agar, methylcellulose (MC), and in agar-MC (agar underlayer, MC overlayer)
      culture systems. Without exogenous CSF, macrophage colonies (M-CFC) were formed
      in a combined culture of agar and MC. Aggregates of 5-40 cells were observed on
      day 7. Gradually, large compact colonies which survived for 10-12 weeks of
      cultivation, were formed. They were composed of mononuclear monocytes and
      multinucleated cells. M-CFC progenitors were nonadherent, but their progeny
      became adherent during differentiation within the colony. Colony formation was
      cell-dose-dependent. Depletion of monocytes increased the number of colonies in
      agar-MC cultures and stimulated the development of some macrophage colonies in
      MC. Survival of monocyte progenitors was not dependent on CSF. Neither was their
      proliferation nor partial differentiation in agar-MC cultures. CSF increased M
      CFC colony efficiency, however, if it was present when cultures were initiated.
      Addition of CSF to M-CFC growing for 2-5 weeks in CSF-deprived medium stimulated
      monocytes proliferation and transformation into macrophages. Epithelioid cells,
      an increase in the number of giant multinucleated cells, and granulocyte
      multiplication were also observed. The absolute dependence of macrophage colony
      formation on CSF described by others might be a result of inadequate culture
      conditions due to agar rather than an intrinsic physiological requirement.

PMID- 3876347
TI  - Norepinephrine and epidermal growth factor: dynamics of their interaction in the
      stimulation of hepatocyte DNA synthesis.
AB  - Primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes are stimulated to enter DNA synthesis
      by norepinephrine (NE). This stimulation is maximal if the hepatocytes are
      incubated with NE for more than 12 hr, beginning no later than 2-4 hr after the
      cells are first plated. After 24 hr in culture, hepatocytes are unresponsive to
      NE stimulation. A strong synerergistic interaction between NE and epidermal
      growth factor (EGF) may be observed in cultures incubated with both EGF and NE,
      or pretreated with NE, then exposed to EGF. This interaction may be related to
      the finding that NE, in similarity with other factors that enhance EGF
      stimulation, reduces binding at the EGF receptor during the first 24 hr in
      culture.

PMID- 3876348
TI  - [Unusual cause of digestive hemorrhage in chronic hemodialysis patients: splenic
      aneurysm with arteriovenous fistula].
AB  - A 45 years old woman, hemodialysed since 1981, with an history of Staphylococcal
      septicemia in may 1983, is admitted in emergency room in may 1984 for massive
      gastro intestinal bleeding. After oesogastro fibroscopy suspecting duodenal
      ulcer, because continuous and recurrent bleeding, a laparotomy find only symptoms
      of portal hypertension (ascites, venous dilatation on abdominal oesophagus and
      stomach). The ligation of this venous dilatations stop temporarily the gastro
      intestinal bleeding. But recurrence of this bleeding conduct to a celiac
      angiography discovering a splenic aneurysm with arterio venous fistula. The
      surgical treatment of this aneurysm can stop the gastro intestinal bleeding.
      Histopathologic observation of this aneurysm can suspect an infectious origin.

PMID- 3876349
TI  - [Ulcers of the neck of hiatal hernias. 15 cases].
AB  - Of 450 patients treated for hiatus hernia, a review of case-reports showed ulcers
      of the neck in 15 patients (3,1%). Frequency of hemorrhage was high (13/15), and
      it was sometimes severe, one patient dying from massive bleeding preoperatively.
      Diagnosis was by radiology in 11 cases, by endoscopy in 3 and perioperatively in
      one case. Data on physiopathogenicity include both mechanical and chemical
      factors. Conservative treatment with repair of hiatus hernia combined or not with
      vagotomy was performed in 11 patients. Severity of hemorrhagic phenomena or
      absence of preoperative biopsy led to direct surgery on ulcer in 3 cases, while
      evidence of mediastinal inflammatory processes required major surgery in 1
      patient and an upper pole esophagogastrectomy in another. Long-term follow up
      failed to show evidence of recurrence of ulcer or hemorrhage.

PMID- 3876350
TI  - Epidermal growth factor in human urine from birth to puberty.
AB  - The highest concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF) are found in urine,
      but the physiological role of urinary EGF is unknown. We studied human urinary
      EGF excretion, by measuring its concentration with a specific homologous RIA, in
      265 healthy children from birth until age 16 yr. The absolute concentrations
      varied widely between individuals. Mean values were approximately 10 ng/ml in 1-
      to 30-day-old infants; 2.5-fold higher values were found in infants aged 2 to 12
      months. During the second year there was a further rise to about 70 ng/ml, and
      urinary EGF excretion was in the same range in older subjects. The EGF/creatinine
      concentration ratio was less variable. The mean ratio increased 6-fold from birth
      to the second year of life. Thereafter, the EGF/creatinine ratio decreased
      gradually to one-third of the peak level at puberty. No sex difference was found.

PMID- 3876351
TI  - Lymphotoxins, macrophage cytotoxins, and tumor necrosis factors: an interrelated
      family of antitumor effector molecules.

PMID- 3876352
TI  - Impaired mononuclear-cell proliferation in patients with the acquired immune
      deficiency syndrome results from abnormalities of both T lymphocytes and adherent
      mononuclear cells.
AB  - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with acquired immune deficiency
      syndrome proliferate poorly after stimulation with soluble mitogens. The present
      study was undertaken to assess the relative contributions of T lymphocytes and of
      plastic adherent mononuclear cells to the impaired mononuclear cell responses. We
      employed a four-step separation procedure including terminal depletion using a
      monocyte-specific monoclonal antibody (61D3) to derive populations of highly
      purified T cells from patients and from normal subjects. Highly purified T cells
      proliferated poorly in response to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen. The
      addition of autologous adherent cells to highly purified T cells markedly
      improved mitogen-driven proliferation in all subjects; however, mononuclear cells
      from patients with AIDS responded less well than normals (P less than or equal to
      0.01) for both phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed. Allogeneic normal adherent cells
      fully restored both phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed responses in normal highly
      purified T cells. Adherent cells from patients were comparable to normal adherent
      cells in phytohemagglutinin-driven proliferation but performed significantly less
      well when pokeweed was used to stimulate normal highly purified T-cell responders
      (4308 cpm after coculture with patients' adherent cells vs 8244 cpm after
      coculture with allogeneic normal adherent cells; P = 0.05). Similarly, when
      patient's highly purified T cells were stimulated with pokeweed mitogen, control
      adherent cells functioned substantially better than patient adherent cells (1198
      cpm for allogeneic patient adherent cells vs 2324 cpm for normal adherent cells;
      P = 0.05). Although the addition of normal adherent cells to patients' highly
      purified T cells significantly improved pokeweed mitogen responses, these values
      did not reach normal. Suppression by patients adherent cells was not
      demonstrated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3876353
TI  - T8 antigen density on peripheral blood lymphocytes remains unchanged during
      exacerbations of multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis was used to quantitate the
      antigen density of the lymphocyte markers T3, T4, T8, and Leu 7 on the surface of
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from exacerbating/remitting multiple
      sclerosis (MS) patients. Serial studies showed that the mean fluoresce intensity
      for all the markers studied did not change significantly during exacerbations.
      There was a tendency for a generalized decline in T-cells, evidenced by a drop in
      both T8+- and T4+-cells; however, these changes were not statistically
      significant. It appears, therefore, that the lymphocyte markers studied here are
      not useful as markers of disease activity in exacerbating/remitting MS.

PMID- 3876354
TI  - Role of the thymus in streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis and hepatic
      granuloma formation. Comparative studies of pathology and cell wall distribution
      in athymic and euthymic rats.
AB  - Systemic administration of an aqueous suspension of group A streptococcal cell
      wall fragments to susceptible rats induces acute and chronic polyarthritis, as
      well as noncaseating hepatic granulomas. To gain insight into the role of the
      thymus in the pathogenesis of this experimental model, pathologic responses and
      cell wall tissue distribution were compared in congenitally athymic rats
      (rnu/rnu) and their euthymic littermates (NIH/rnu). Within 24 h, both rat strains
      developed acute arthritis, characterized by polymorphonuclear leukocytic exudate
      in the synovium and joint spaces. This acute process was maximal at day 3 and
      gradually subsided. Beginning 2-3 wk after injection, the euthymic, but not the
      athymic, rats developed the typical exacerbation of arthritis, characterized by
      synovial cell hyperplasia with villus formation and T helper/inducer lymphocyte
      rich mononuclear cell infiltration. This process eventually resulted in marginal
      erosions and destruction of periarticular bone and cartilage. Parallel
      development of acute and chronic hepatic lesions was observed. Bacterial cell
      wall antigen distribution and persistence were similar in the athymic and
      euthymic rats. Cell wall antigens were demonstrated in the cytoplasm of cells
      within subchondral bone marrow, synovium, liver, and spleen, coincident with the
      development of the acute lesions, and persisted in these sites, although in
      decreasing amounts, for the duration of the experiment. Our findings provide
      evidence that the acute and chronic phases of the experimental model are
      mechanistically distinct. The thymus and functional thymus derived-lymphocytes
      appear not to be required for the development of the acute exudative disease but
      are essential for the development of chronic proliferative and erosive disease.
      Induction of disease is dependent upon cell wall dissemination to and persistence
      in the affected tissues.

PMID- 3876355
TI  - Purification of fetal hematopoietic progenitors and demonstration of recombinant
      multipotential colony-stimulating activity.
AB  - To facilitate the direct study of progenitor cell biology, we have developed a
      simple and efficient procedure based upon negative selection by panning to purify
      large numbers of committed erythroid and myeloid progenitors from human fetal
      liver. The nonadherent, panned cells constitute a highly enriched population of
      progenitor cells, containing 30.4 +/- 13.1% erythrocyte burst forming units (BFU
      E), 5.5 +/- 1.9% granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units (CFU-GM), and 1.4 +/
      0.7% granulocyte-erythroid-macrophage-megakaryocyte colony forming units (CFU
      GEMM) as assayed in methylcellulose cultures. These cells are morphologically
      immature blasts with prominent Golgi. This preparative method recovers 60-100% of
      the committed progenitors detectable in unfractionated fetal liver and yields 2
      30 X 10(6) progenitors from each fetal liver sample, and thus provides sufficient
      numbers of enriched progenitors to allow direct biochemical and immunologic
      manipulation. Using this technique, a purified recombinant protein previously
      thought to have only granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity (GM-CSA)
      is shown to have both burst promoting activity and multipotential colony
      stimulating activity. Progenitor purification by panning thus appears to be a
      simple, efficient method that should facilitate the direct study of committed
      hematopoietic progenitors and their differentiation.

PMID- 3876356
TI  - Differential effect of hydrocortisone on eosinophil and neutrophil proliferation.
AB  - Glucocorticosteroid therapy results in an increase in the number of circulating
      neutrophils and a decrease in the number of eosinophils. Utilizing the double
      layer soft agar technique, we examined the effect of physiologic to pharmacologic
      concentrations of hydrocortisone on the proliferation of human neutrophil
      progenitors and eosinophil progenitors from peripheral blood and bone marrow.
      When peripheral blood cultures were studied, eosinophil proliferation was
      inhibited in a dose-responsive fashion with 10(-8) - 10(-5) M hydrocortisone
      succinate, and comprised 49 +/- 4% of the colonies in control cultures and only 4
      +/- 1% (P less than 0.01) at pharmacologic levels of hydrocortisone (10(-5) M).
      The number of neutrophil colonies, on the other hand, increased by 31% when 10(
      5) M hydrocortisone was added to cultures. In order for corticosteroids to exert
      this effect, it was necessary to add them within 24 h of the initiation of
      culture. The effect of hydrocortisone on granulocyte proliferation could not be
      blocked by progesterone, a structurally analogous steroid. To determine whether
      hydrocortisone was acting directly on the progenitor cell or via an effector
      cell, its effect on modulating cell populations and stimulating-factor production
      was studied. Removal of E-rosetting cells and/or adherent cells did not affect
      the inhibition of eosinophil colony growth or the enhancement of neutrophil
      colony growth. Furthermore, addition of the potent inhibitor of T cell function,
      cyclosporin A, failed to affect eosinophil colony frequency, suggesting that
      inhibition of T cell function was an unlikely explanation for the observed
      hydrocortisone effect. Leukocyte conditioned media (LCM), derived from peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells incubated with hydrocortisone, was devoid of both
      neutrophil and eosinophil colony-stimulating activity, whereas a control LCM
      stimulated both neutrophil and eosinophil proliferation. The data suggest that
      the observed hydrocortisone effect on granulocyte colony formation is unlikely to
      be mediated by an intermediary, and that hydrocortisone acts directly on
      progenitor cells.

PMID- 3876358
TI  - Specificity of motoneuron projection patterns during development of the bullfrog
      tadpole (Rana catesbeiana).
AB  - The pattern of connectivity between motoneurons of the lumbar lateral motor
      column (LMC) and hindlimb regions was examined in bullfrog tadpoles (Rana
      catesbeiana) over the course of larval development. The purpose of this study was
      to determine if a period of relatively imprecise connectivity, such has been
      found in the toad Xenopus laevis (Lamb, '76), could be identified. Patterns of
      connectivity were assessed by placing small amounts of the retrogradely
      transported enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into discrete hindlimb regions
      and mapping the locations of labeled motoneuron somata along the transverse and
      longitudinal axes of the LMC. The distribution of labeled motoneurons was as
      circumscribed in the youngest animals studied (st. IV of Taylor and Kollros,
      '46), before mesenchymal condensation into distinct myotubes, as in metamorphic
      or adult animals. This finding that the pattern of neuromuscular connectivity is
      as precise early in development as in mature animals is consistent with previous
      studies of chick hindlimb (Landmesser, '78). The relevance of these results to
      the hypothesis that naturally occurring cell death plays a substantial part in
      molding the mature pattern of neuromuscular connectivity (Lamb, '77) is
      discussed.

PMID- 3876357
TI  - Human peripheral blood monocytes display surface antigens recognized by
      monoclonal antinuclear antibodies.
AB  - We used monoclonal anti-nuclear autoantibodies and indirect immunofluorescence to
      examine normal human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes for the presence of
      cell surface nuclear antigens. Only one monoclonal anti-histone antibody (MH-2)
      was found to bind to freshly isolated PBL, staining approximately 10% of large
      cells. However, after cells were placed into culture for 16-24 h, a high
      percentage (up to 60%) of large-sized cells were recognized by an anti-DNA (BWD
      1) and several different antihistone monoclonal antibodies (BWH-1, MH-1, and MH
      2). These antibodies recognize separate antigenic determinants on chromatin and
      histones extracted from chromatin. None of the monoclonal autoantibodies appeared
      to bind to a significant percentage of cells of relatively small cell size,
      either before or after culture. The histone antigen-positive cells were viable,
      and the monoclonal antibodies could be shown to be binding to the cell surface
      and not to the nucleus. Further experiments, including those using aggregated Ig
      to block antibody binding, strongly indicated that anti-histone antibody binding
      was not Fc receptor mediated. Using monoclonal antibodies specific for monocytes
      and T cells, and complement-mediated cytotoxicity, the cells bearing histone
      antigens were shown to be primarily monocytes. The appearance of histone and DNA
      antigen-positive cells was nearly completely inhibited by the addition of low
      concentrations (0.25 micrograms/ml) of cycloheximide at initiation of the
      cultures. In contrast, little effect on the percentage of positive cells was
      detected if cells were exposed to high doses of gamma irradiation before culture.
      These data further support the existence of cell surface nuclear antigens on
      selected cell subsets, which may provide insight into the immunopathogenesis of
      systemic lupus erythematosus and related autoimmune diseases.

PMID- 3876359
TI  - Pyoderma gangrenosum at surgery sites.
AB  - Pyoderma gangrenosum is a necrotizing and ulcerative skin disorder often
      associated with underlying systemic diseases. The etiology remains obscure, with
      recent investigations emphasizing an altered immune system. A case report is
      presented of pyoderma gangrenosum occurring at surgical sites in the absence of
      predisposing factors. Pyoderma gangrenosum in this setting can mimic infectious
      causes of wound necrosis. Early recognition of the characteristic lesion
      morphology may prevent unnecessary treatment directed toward infectious agents
      and facilitate effective control with systemic corticosteroid therapy.

PMID- 3876360
TI  - Impaired host defence mechanisms in intensive care unit patients.

PMID- 3876361
TI  - Intraseptal anesthesia in periodontal surgery.

PMID- 3876362
TI  - Recurrent petechial hemorrhages and hemorrhagic vesicles of the oral mucosa.
AB  - The foregoing case is an example of amyloidosis in which biopsy of a hemorrhagic
      vesicle on the buccal mucosa established the diagnosis. Once the diagnosis was
      made, the patient's cardiomyopathy, nephrotic syndrome, hepatomegaly, GI
      hemorrhage, hematuria, and oral lesions readily were explained.

PMID- 3876363
TI  - Closed chest catheter ablation of an accessory pathway in a patient with
      permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia.
AB  - This report describes a 23 year old woman with a lifelong history of permanent
      junctional reciprocating tachycardia refractory to conventional antiarrhythmic
      medications who was successfully treated with closed chest, transvenous selective
      ablation of a posteroseptal bypass tract. Two 100 J (stored) direct-current
      shocks were delivered to the region of the os of the coronary sinus using a
      quadripolar catheter positioned in the coronary sinus. At a 2 month follow-up
      interval, the patient is asymptomatic without recurrence of the tachycardia. It
      is concluded that in patients with permanent junctional reciprocating
      tachycardia, selective catheter ablation of a posteroseptal accessory pathway is
      a feasible alternative to a difficult pharmacologic regimen or to ablative
      surgery.

PMID- 3876364
TI  - Tachycardia and cardiomyopathy: the chicken-egg dilemma revisited.

PMID- 3876365
TI  - Massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage from an arteriovenous malformation of
      the stomach.
AB  - Arteriovenous malformations of the stomach are rare; blood loss may be manifested
      either by chronic anemia or by massive recurrent hemorrhage. We report a patient
      with massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage from a gastric arteriovenous
      malformation. Emergency operation to control hemorrhage precluded the performance
      of angiography; diagnosis was made from the appearance of the lesion and
      dilatation of the veins draining the involved area. Complete operative excision
      of the lesion was curative.

PMID- 3876366
TI  - Intestinal bleeding from a caliber-persistent submucosal artery in the ileum.
AB  - A 15-year-old boy developed massive intestinal bleeding. The initial mesenteric
      angiography and ileocolectomy failed to reveal the bleeding site. A repeat
      mesenteric angiography performed when bleeding recurred showed active bleeding
      from an ileal branch of the mesenteric artery. Histologically, the lesion proved
      to be a caliber-persistent submucosal artery that had ruptured. This appears to
      be the first report of "caliber-persistent" artery in the ileum.

PMID- 3876367
TI  - Massive bleeding due to arterial-enteric fistula from an ingested toothpick.
AB  - A 62-year-old man developed massive lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Upper
      endoscopy and superior mesenteric arteriography initially failed to disclose a
      cause of bleeding. On rebleeding, intra-arterial vasopressin infusion during
      repeated arteriography caused reflux of dye into the iliac vessels to allow
      visualization of an arterial-enteric fistula. Exploratory laparotomy subsequently
      revealed perforation of the small bowel and common iliac artery by a toothpick
      which had been swallowed.

PMID- 3876368
TI  - Evidence that lymphokine-activated killer cells and natural killer cells are
      distinct based on an analysis of congenitally immunodeficient mice.
AB  - The in vitro incubation of lymphoid cells in RIL 2 results in the generation of
      LAK cells that are broadly lytic to autologous, syngeneic, and allogeneic fresh
      tumor cells, but which do not lyse fresh, normal cells. Strains of mice with
      congenital immunodeficiencies were tested both for the presence of NK cells and
      for their capacity to generate LAK cells after in vitro incubation with IL 2.
      Splenocytes obtained from two immunodeficient mouse strains (NIH-Beige-Nude and
      NIH-Beige-Nude-XID) failed to generate LAK cells, but displayed significant
      activity. Splenocytes from another immunodeficient mouse strain (NIH-Beige-XID)
      generated LAK cells but did not display NK cell activity. This dissociation of
      activation of LAK cells from NK cells among the immunodeficient strains indicates
      that the LAK and NK cell lytic systems are distinct.

PMID- 3876369
TI  - Signals involved in T cell activation. I. Phorbol esters enhance responsiveness
      but cannot replace intact accessory cells in the induction of mitogen-stimulated
      T cell proliferation.
AB  - The role of accessory cells (AC) in the initiation of mitogen-induced T cell
      proliferation was examined by comparing the effect of intact macrophages (M phi)
      with that of 4-beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). In high-density
      cultures, purified guinea pig T cells failed to proliferate in response to
      stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), or PMA alone.
      The addition of M phi to PHA or Con A but not PMA-stimulated cultures restored T
      cell proliferation. The addition of PMA to high-density T cell cultures
      stimulated with PHA or Con A also permitted [3H]thymidine incorporation, but was
      less effective than intact M phi in this regard. This action of PMA was dependent
      on the small number of AC contaminating the T cell cultures as evidenced by the
      finding that PMA could not support mitogen responsiveness of T cells that had
      been depleted of Ia-bearing cells by planning, even when these cells were
      cultured at high density. When PMA was added to T cell cultures supported by
      optimal numbers of M phi, catalase-reversible suppression of responses was noted.
      Even in cultures containing catalase, PMA failed to enhance responsiveness above
      that supported by optimal numbers of M phi. A low-density culture system was used
      to examine in greater detail the possibility that PMA could completely substitute
      for M phi in promoting T cells activation. In low-density cultures, mitogen
      induced T cell proliferation required intact M phi. PMA could not support
      responses even in cultures supplemented with interleukin 1-containing M phi
      supernatants or purified interleukin 2 alone or in combination. Similar results
      were found in high-density cultures of T cells depleted of Ia-bearing cells.
      These results support a model of T cell activation in which AC play at least two
      distinct roles. The initiation of the response requires a signal conveyed by an
      intact M phi, which cannot be provided by either a M phi supernatant factor or
      PMA. The response can be amplified by additional M phi or M phi supernatant
      factors. PMA can substitute for M phi in this regard and can provide the signal
      necessary for amplification of T cell proliferation supported by small numbers of
      intact AC.

PMID- 3876370
TI  - Dissection of the functions of antigen-presenting cells in the induction of T
      cell activation.
AB  - The functions of antigen-presenting cells (APC) in the initiation of T cell
      activation was examined by culturing antigen-bearing guinea pig macrophages (M
      phi) with T cells obtained from antigen-primed animals. Although such antigen
      bearing M phi stimulated primed syngeneic T cell DNA synthesis, as assessed by
      tritiated thymidine incorporation, paraformaldehyde fixation (0.15% for 1 min at
      37 degrees C) abolished this capacity. Analysis with acridine orange staining
      indicated that fixed antigen-bearing M phi could not trigger primed syngeneic T
      cells to progress from the G0 to the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The addition of
      control non-antigen-bearing syngeneic or allogeneic M phi but not interleukin 1
      or 2 to cultures of T cells and fixed APC permitted a proliferative response.
      Although the interaction between fixed antigen-bearing M phi and responding T
      cells was genetically restricted, there was no similar restriction for the
      supplemental control M phi. In fact, completely Ia-negative endothelial cells
      (EC) and fibroblasts (FB) could restore antigen responsiveness to cultures of
      fixed antigen-bearing M phi and syngeneic responding T cells, although they could
      not directly present antigen. Moreover, metabolically intact accessory cells,
      including Ia-negative EC and FB, could take up and process antigen to an
      immunogenic moiety, which fixed Ia-positive M phi could present to primed T
      cells. These data indicate that recognition of the antigen-Ia complex on an APC
      is necessary but not sufficient to trigger proliferation of freshly obtained
      primed T cells. The results additionally support the conclusion that APC carry
      out at least two separate functions necessary for the initiation of antigen
      induced T cell activation. Not only must the APC display the antigen-Ia complex,
      but it must also convey another required effect. This influence, which apparently
      involved the establishment of cell to cell contact, was neither Ia nor antigen
      dependent and could only be provided by a metabolically intact cell. By contrast,
      genetically restricted antigen presentation could be accomplished by a fixed Ia
      positive cell. Only when both the antigen-Ia complex and the influence of an
      intact accessory cell were provided by the same or different accessory cell were
      T cells triggered to enter the cell cycle.

PMID- 3876371
TI  - Surface markers of T cells causing lethal graft-vs-host disease to class I vs
      class II H-2 differences.
AB  - Information was sought on the phenotype of lymphoid cells causing lethal graft-vs
      host disease (GVHD) in irradiated mice expressing whole or partial H-2
      differences. In all strain combinations tested, pretreating donor lymph node (LN)
      cells with anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) plus complement (C) abolished
      mortality. With GVHD directed to class I H-2 differences, pretreating LN cells
      with anti-Lyt-2 MAb prevented mortality, whereas MAb specific for Ly-1 or L3T4
      cell surface determinants caused severe mortality. These data imply that lethal
      GVHD directed to class I H-2 differences is mediated by L3T4-, Lyt-2+ cells; this
      subset of T cells was shown previously to control GVHD directed to multiple minor
      histocompatibility antigens, i.e., antigens seen in the context of self-class I
      molecules. With whole H-2 differences, GVHD appeared to be controlled largely but
      not exclusively by L3T4+, Lyt-2-T cells. This T cell subset was also the
      predominant cause of GVHD directed to class II differences. With class II
      incompatibilities, depleting donor cells of L3T4+ T cells, either by pretreatment
      with anti-L3T4 MAb + C or by fluorescence activated cell sorter selection,
      greatly reduced but did not completely abolish GVHD. These data might imply that
      L3T4-, Lyt-2+ cells have some capacity to elicit anti-class II GVHD. A more
      likely possibility, however, is that the residual GVHD to class II differences
      observed with Lyt-2+-enriched cells reflected minor contamination with L3T4+
      cells.

PMID- 3876372
TI  - Temperature sensitivity of interleukin-dependent murine T cell proliferation: Q2
      mapping of the responses of peanut agglutinin-negative thymocytes.
AB  - Recent studies in our laboratory have shown that IL 1-dependent mitogenic
      activity is present in apparently homogeneous preparations of rabbit endogenous
      pyrogen. This finding suggested that the mitogenic and pyrogenic activities of
      this molecule might serve a common goal. Initial studies on the temperature
      dependence of interleukin-dependent thymocyte mitogenesis suggested that high
      temperature sensitivity was associated with the action of IL 1 but not that of IL
      2. The present study has used an expanded range of temperatures and refined
      tissue culture conditions to further examine the relative temperature dependence
      of thymocyte mitogenesis due to IL 1 or IL 2. Both the pI 5 and pI 7 species of
      rabbit IL 1 evoke highly temperature-sensitive responses from mouse thymocytes in
      the presence of a suboptimal dose of PHA and from peanut agglutinin-negative (PNA
      ) thymocytes in the absence of PHA. IL 2 also evokes a highly temperature
      sensitive response from unseparated thymocytes in the presence of PHA. However,
      in the absence of PHA, vigorous responses by either unseparated or PNA-
      thymocytes to IL 2 alone lack strong temperature sensitivity. The temperature
      dependent responses of both unseparated and PNA- thymocytes to either IL 1 or IL
      2 have been analyzed by Q2 mapping, a determination of the temperature intervals
      most sensitive to temperature changes. By using this mode of analysis, we have
      found that IL 1 and IL 2 generate distinct Q2 maps, and that PHA transforms the
      shape of the IL 2-derived Q2 map but not that of IL 1. The possible significance
      of the temperature sensitivity of IL 1- and IL 2-driven reactions is discussed
      with respect to the biological functions of inflammation and fever.

PMID- 3876373
TI  - Differences in antibody repertoires for (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) in
      splenic vs immature bone marrow precursor cells.
AB  - To evaluate the contribution of environmental regulatory mechanisms in fashioning
      the primary B cell repertoire, we have compared the repertoire of (4-hydroxy-3
      nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP)-specific primary splenic B cells with that of precursor
      cells present as surface immunoglobulin-negative (sIg-) cells in adult bone
      marrow of C.B20 (Ighb) mice. Previous analyses using a variety of antigens have
      led to the conclusion that the antibody repertoire expressed in the spleen is
      similar to that expressed in newly generated B cell precursors with respect to
      both repertoire diversity and the representation of various predominant
      clonotypes. However, in the response to NP of C.B20 precursor cells, two marked
      disparities have been identified between the repertoire of sIg- bone marrow cells
      vs splenic precursor cells. The first concerns precursor cells that give rise to
      lambda-bearing NP-specific antibodies with heteroclitic fine specificity. Such
      antibodies normally dominate the primary response of Ighb mice; however, the
      representation of precursor cells giving rise to lambda-bearing antibodies is
      disproportionately low in the sIg- bone marrow cell population of C.B20 mice.
      Thus, during the maturation of these cells, post-sIg receptor expression, there
      is an apparent increase in the proportionate representation of lambda-bearing NP
      specific cells. The second disparity concerns precursor cells whose antibody
      products bear kappa-light chains and exhibit high affinity and homoclitic binding
      for the NP haptenic determinant. Such precursor cells are poorly represented in
      the spleen, but represent a sizeable proportion of the sIg- NP-specific precursor
      cell population. Thus, there seems to be a selective elimination of high
      affinity, kappa-homoclitic anti-NP antibody-bearing cells as they acquire their
      sIg receptors. The elimination of this cell population could partially account
      for the dominance of lambda-heteroclitic antibodies in the serum responses to NP
      of C.B20 mice.

PMID- 3876374
TI  - Selective in vitro inhibition of an antibody response to purified acetylcholine
      receptor by using antigen-ricin A chain immunotoxin.
AB  - Purified acetylcholine receptor (AChR) covalently coupled to the catalytically
      toxic A chain of ricin has been used to selectively eliminate rat lymph node
      cells involved in in vitro anti-AChR antibody responses. The resulting inhibition
      was specific in view of the lack of such inhibition of anti-Keyhole limpet
      hemocyanin antibody responses. Furthermore, when fractionated B cell or T cell
      populations were treated with AChR-A chain, both populations were found to be
      sensitive to the specific cytotoxicity. However, T cell cytotoxicity required
      higher concentrations of the immunotoxin. Furthermore, when AChR-immune
      lymphocytes were treated with AChR-A chain in vitro, they became unable to
      mediate secondary adoptive transfer responses in vivo. The abrogation of the anti
      AChR adoptive response correlated with the lack of muscle weakness characteristic
      of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Thus, it is possible, in principle,
      to eliminate clones of antigen-reactive lymphocytes with antigen-ricin A chain
      immunotoxins. This lets open the possibility of using such agents in
      immunotherapeutic approaches to autoimmune disease.

PMID- 3876375
TI  - Production of interleukin 2 (IL 2) by salivary gland lymphocytes in Sjogren's
      syndrome. Detection of reactive cells by using antibody directed to synthetic
      peptides of IL 2.
AB  - Because abnormalities in interleukin 2 (IL 2) production have been reported in
      the blood of patients with certain autoimmune diseases, we have examined the
      lymphocytes from patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) in which it is possible to
      obtain simultaneous samples of inflammatory site (i.e., salivary gland)
      lymphocytes and blood lymphocytes. We found that IL 2 production by peripheral
      blood lymphocytes (PBL) after mitogen stimulation was markedly diminished (4 +/-
      2 U/ml) in 8/32 SS patients. However, salivary gland lymphocytes (SGL) from six
      out of six SS patients (including three patients with low IL 2 production by
      their PBL) had a high level of IL 2 production (97 +/- 32 U/ml), suggesting that
      IL 2 production by inflammatory site lymphocytes may differ from blood
      lymphocytes in the same patients. Low IL 2 production by a patient's PBL was not
      correlated with the patient's age, duration of disease, immunoglobulin level, or
      presence of antinuclear antibodies. Low IL 2 production was associated with a
      decreased ratio of Leu-3a/Leu-2a positive cells (p less than 0.05) and with an
      increased proportion of "activated" T cells expressing HLA-DR and gp140 (p less
      than 0.05). To determine the proportion of PBL and SGL containing cytoplasmic IL
      2-like material, we used affinity-purified rabbit antibodies prepared against
      chemically synthesized peptides of human IL 2. Before mitogen stimulation, PBL
      were not stained by these antibodies (less than 1% reactive cells), whereas SGL T
      cells eluted from the salivary gland of SS patients contained a small (3.4% +/-
      1.8) proportion of reactive cells. A similar proportion (2.4% +/- 1.2) of
      reactive cells was noted when frozen tissue sections of salivary gland biopsies
      were examined with these antibodies. After mitogen stimulation, 35% +/- 17 of PBL
      and 56% +/- 18 of SS SGL were specifically stained with anti-IL 2 peptide
      antibodies. In summary, these studies demonstrate a significant difference in IL
      2 production between PBL and SGL of the same patients. Furthermore, antibodies
      against IL 2 peptides provide a powerful tool for detection of T cells producing
      IL 2 in vitro and in situ, and for understanding the role of this lymphokine in
      pathogenesis.

PMID- 3876376
TI  - Murine polyspecific antibodies. I. Monoclonal and serum anti-DNA antibodies cross
      reactive with 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl derivatives.
AB  - Six anti-DNA hybridoma autoantibodies were prepared by fusing spleen cells from
      unimmunized MRL/MpJ/lpr/lpr female mice with BALB/c myeloma cells. The monoclonal
      antibodies were analyzed by solid-phase ELISA for antigen-binding specificities.
      Three antibodies (62A2, 85A5, and 43B2) bound ssDNA, TNP-KLH, and recognized an
      epitope(s) present on insolubilized proteins such as BSA, KLH, ferritin, and
      insulin. The antibodies bound, with a marked preference, TNP-KLH, either soluble
      or insoluble. The other three antibodies (35A1, 32C5, and 39D2) bound only ssDNA.
      However, this binding was inhibited by free flavinic acid. None of the six
      antibodies bound either cardiolipin or proteoglycans, indicating that they do not
      recognize the repeating negatively charge units common to cardiolipin,
      proteoglycans, and DNA. All six monoclonal antibodies were purified by affinity
      chromatography with TNP-Sepharose. Moreover, both anti-DNA and anti-TNP
      antibodies from sera of nonautoimmune and autoimmune mice were purified easily on
      TNP-Sepharose.

PMID- 3876377
TI  - Activation, proliferation, and differentiation of circulating B cells in
      autoimmune thyroid disease.
AB  - Several studies of thyroid autoantibody production in vitro have been reported
      with the use of pokeweed mitogen, but the conclusions that have resulted
      regarding the immunoregulation of B cell function in thyroid disease are
      difficult to interpret due to the relatively nonphysiologic nature of pokeweed
      mitogen stimulation. We have therefore examined the responses of circulating B
      cells in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis by using a combination of
      lymphokines and other stimuli that act at various stages of the B cell cycle. In
      patients with autoimmune thyroid disease, nonspecific B cell proliferation and
      differentiation into IgG-secreting cells were both normal. However, a previously
      unsuspected heterogeneity among patients was found in their ability to produce
      autoantibodies in vitro. B cells of certain patients produced maximal
      autoantibody in response to pokeweed mitogen, some in response to Staphylococcus
      aureus Cowan strain I, and some in response to the lymphokines contained in the
      supernatants of stimulated T cell cultures. There was no correlation between
      serum autoantibody levels and those achieved in vitro. Attempts to stimulate
      antibody production by autoantigen (thyroglobulin) were unsuccessful, even when B
      cells were cultured with purified autologous OKT4+ T cells to avoid potential
      suppressor effects in the OKT8+ population. However, OKT4+ T cells enhanced
      pokeweed mitogen-driven autoantibody production. Our results show that several
      different functional stages of B cells exist in the circulation of patients with
      autoimmune thyroid disease, and that circulating B cells from such patients do
      not manifest a uniform response to B cell stimulators. This is presumably the
      result of differences in migration of circulating B cells and in their level of
      activation at the major sites of autoantibody production, such as the thyroid
      gland itself. In the light of these findings, caution is required in interpreting
      the results obtained from studies of circulating B cells as a means of
      elucidating the pathophysiology of autoimmune thyroid disease.

PMID- 3876378
TI  - Elevated allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in peripheral blood
      leukocytes of homosexual men.
AB  - Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from male homosexual and heterosexual
      volunteers who did not have evidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
      were studied for their ability to generate cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses
      in vitro to allogeneic stimulator PBL from a single individual or from a pool of
      donors (allo-pool). Seventeen of 39 homosexual donors generated strong primary
      CTL activity to a single randomly selected stimulator donor, whereas only two of
      16 heterosexual donors generated a strong CTL response to the same stimulators. A
      more detailed study was performed by using PBL from 11 of the homosexual and five
      of the heterosexual donors, in which CTL responses to the allo-pool were
      repeatedly tested over a 14-mo period. The response status of the donors that
      were strong and weak or moderate responders did not change during this period. No
      correlation of strength of CTL activity was observed with the following: HLA
      mismatching between responder and stimulator; proportion of OKT4+ and OKT8+
      subsets in peripheral blood; antibodies to HTLV-III; antibody titers to hepatitis
      B, Epstein Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, or HLA alloantigens; homosexual
      practices; or circulating immune complex levels, although a statistical
      correlation by multivariate analysis was observed between elevated allogeneic CTL
      and a combination of other factors. The findings are discussed with respect to
      possible relevance to AIDS susceptibility and development.

PMID- 3876379
TI  - Differential interleukin 1 elaboration by unfractionated and density fractionated
      human alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes: relationship to cell maturity.
AB  - The elaboration of interleukin 1 (IL 1) by mononuclear phagocytes is important in
      the regulation of human inflammatory and fibrotic reactions. Mononuclear
      phagocytes are morphologically and functionally heterogeneous cells. To further
      understand the processes controlling inflammation and fibrosis, in particular
      that in the human lung, we studied the elaboration of IL 1 by unfractionated and
      density-fractionated human alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes. Stimulated
      blood monocytes elaborated more IL 1 than stimulated alveolar macrophages. In
      addition, denser alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes elaborated more IL 1
      than less dense alveolar macrophages and monocytes. Lastly, as monocytes matured
      in vitro, they lost their ability to elaborate IL 1 and became less dense. Thus,
      there is variability between and within mononuclear phagocyte cell populations in
      their ability to elaborate IL 1. These differences may result in part from
      differences in cell maturation.

PMID- 3876380
TI  - Release from mouse macrophages of acidic isoferritins that suppress hematopoietic
      progenitor cells is induced by purified L cell colony stimulating factor and
      suppressed by human lactoferrin.
AB  - Purified mouse L cell colony-stimulating factor (CSF) and purified iron-saturated
      human lactoferrin (LF) were assessed for their effects on release of acidic
      isoferritin-inhibitory activity (AIFIA) from resident peritoneal and spleen
      macrophages of B6D2F1 mice. Constitutive release of AIFIA was dependent on the
      number of macrophages conditioning the culture medium. Detection of release of
      AIFIA required at least 10(4) macrophages/ml, and increased release was noted
      with increased concentrations of cells. This release was enhanced by CSF and was
      induced by CSF from concentrations of 10(3) macrophages/ml, from which
      constitutive release of AIFIA was not detected. Increased concentrations of CSF
      induced increased release of AIFIA. The inducing effect was removed by
      pretreating CSF with rabbit anti-L cell CSF serum. LF suppressed the constitutive
      as well as the CSF-induced release of AIFIA, but results were dependent on the
      relative concentrations of LF and CSF used. The suppressive effects of LF were
      removed by pretreating LF with goat anti-human LF. Constitutive, but not CSF
      induced, release of AIFIA could be ablated by removal of Ia antigen-positive
      macrophages with low concentrations of monoclonal anti-Ia plus complement.
      Treating macrophages with higher concentrations of anti-Ia in the absence of
      complement blocked the LF suppression of constitutive AIFIA release but not the
      CSF-induction of AIFIA release. Release of AIFIA from mouse macrophages can be
      modulated by CSF and LF. This modulation may be of significance for the
      regulation of myelopoiesis.

PMID- 3876381
TI  - Establishment of rat-mouse T cell hybridomas that constitutively produce a
      soluble factor that is needed for the generation of cytotoxic cells: biochemical
      and functional characterization.
AB  - Spleen cells from Lewis rats were cultured with 4 micrograms/ml Con A. These
      cells were then fused with BW 5147 mouse T lymphoma cells. Two hybrid clones (6B2
      B8 and 6B2-E6) obtained by fusion formed CGF effectively. It was found that
      hybrid cells can be boosted to produce higher levels of CGF upon stimulation with
      Con A. 6B2-B8 express rat T cell markers. CGF formed by 6B2-B8 had a m.w. of
      23,000 and 40,000. CGF was eluted from a Mono Q anion-exchange column with an
      FPLC system at 0.4 to 0.6 M NaCl as a major peak and at 0.8 M NaCl as a minor
      peak. CGF was eluted as three peaks with pH 4.1, 4.8, and 5.2 from a Mono P
      chromatofocusing column. CGF from 6B2-B8 does not contain IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, or
      CSF.

PMID- 3876382
TI  - Noncytotoxic functions of natural killer (NK) cells: large granular lymphocytes
      (LGL) produce a B cell growth factor (BCGF).
AB  - Highly purified human large granular (LGL), depleted of any detectable
      contaminant T and B cells or monocytes, were found to be potent producers in
      vitro of a soluble B cell growth factor (BCGF) able to sustain proliferation of B
      cells activated by anti-mu. Activation by lectins (phytohemagglutinin, PHA,
      concanavalin A, Con A; and pokeweed mitogen, PWM) was required to induce the
      production of high levels of this BCGF from cultured LGL. Production of BCGF was
      also detected after the binding of LGL with natural killer (NK)-sensitive (K562)
      but not with NK-resistant (RL male 1) target cells. In contrast to T cells, LGL
      did not need the additional presence of accessory cells to reach optimal
      production of BCGF by 72 hr of culture. The subpopulation of LGL responsible for
      the production of BCGF had phenotypic characteristics associated with NK cells
      (3G8+, HNK1+/OKT11+, DR-, OKT3-, Leu-M1-), and separated cells with these markers
      exerted high levels of NK activity. Selective production of BCGF also was
      obtained from cytotoxic clones derived from LGL. A partial characterization of
      the LGL-derived BCGF was performed by gel filtration. BCGF activity was detected
      in fractions with estimated m.w. of 20,000 and 45,000. The LGL-derived BCGF
      activity was resistant to reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol and was stable at -20
      degrees C for months. Conversely, heating (56 degrees C for 1 hr) or digestion
      with trypsin greatly reduced the LGL-derived BCGF activity. These findings
      strongly suggest that LGL including those with NK activity can play an important
      positive role in the early events of the B cell-mediated immune response.

PMID- 3876383
TI  - Purification of human B cell growth factor.
AB  - Human B cell growth factor (BCGF, 12,000 to 14,000 daltons) has been purified
      from lectin-stimulated, peripheral blood mononuclear cell-conditioned medium. The
      purification procedure involves a series of column chromatographic steps
      incorporating ion exchange, affinity binding, and gel filtration. This procedure
      is centered around a relatively high yield single chromatographic step, for the
      removal of co-eluting cytokines from BCGF, that is based on differential binding
      characteristics to the weak ion-exchange matrix, hydroxylapatite. Reverse-phase
      high-pressure liquid chromatographic separation on a C18-Bondapak column
      effectively separates the BCGF and TCGF moieties, yet is characterized by poor
      yields. High-pressure liquid chromatographic procedures on anion exchange and
      size exclusion provided the final purification step for BCGF, at an analytical
      level, resulting in a single band with a m.w. of 12,000 on a SDS-polyacrylamide
      gel.

PMID- 3876384
TI  - Base specificity and idiotypy of anti-DNA autoantibodies reactive with synthetic
      nucleic acids.
AB  - Synthetic nucleic acid reactivities and the distribution of idiotypes associated
      with poly(dA) and poly(dT) specificities were evaluated among both monoclonal and
      polyclonal anti-DNA antibodies from autoimmune New Zealand mice. Ten monoclonal
      anti-DNA antibodies (IgG2a or IgG2b), derived from NZB/NZW mice and reactive with
      natural DNA (duplex and/or heat-denatured), were found to collectively exhibit a
      diverse binding pattern with six deoxyribohomopolymers. Several monoclonal
      antibodies displayed reactivity with poly(dT) comparable to that with natural
      DNA. Serologic studies indicated that polyclonal anti-DNA autoantibodies from
      NZW/NZW mice and both parental strains also cross-reacted with various
      homopolymers and bound preferentially with those containing pyrimidines,
      particularly poly(dT), relative to purines. Detailed binding analyses with two
      poly(dT)-reactive monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that stable DNA/anti-DNA
      complexes were formed with synthetic oligomers containing six to 10 nucleotides;
      binding to such antigens was relatively insensitive to ionic strength and
      inversely dependent on temperature. Both antibodies exhibited preferential
      binding (greater than or equal to 10-fold) with poly(dT) relative to poly(dU),
      suggesting the importance of the C5-methyl group and/or helical conformation in
      pyrimidine base recognition. Idiotypes on poly(dA)-specific and poly(dT)-specific
      monoclonal antibodies were found to be reciprocally distinct, localized at or
      near active site residues, and expressed at low levels (less than 10 to 130
      ng/ml) in anti-DNA sera from all three New Zealand strains. These findings
      suggest that: nucleotide base determinants are significantly involved in DNA/anti
      DNA interactions; poly(dT) represents a major cross-reactive synthetic antigen;
      and idiotype expression among lupus autoantibodies which recognize such
      determinants may be diverse.

PMID- 3876385
TI  - Phorbol ester induces tyrosine phosphorylation in normal and abnormal human B
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Tumor-promoting phorbol esters have been found to bind and activate
      phospholipid/Ca2+-dependent or C-kinase, and several of their effects, including
      proliferative responses in lymphocytes, have been assumed to be related to
      activity of this enzyme. However, phorbol esters have also recently been found to
      stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation in certain other cell types, and we therefore
      studied tyrosine kinase activity in normal and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
      peripheral blood B lymphocytes stimulated with phorbol ester. High levels of
      tyrosine labeling were observed in unstimulated cells with major endogenous
      substrates of 75K, 66K, 43K, and 28K in Triton-soluble material, and of 56K to
      61K in Triton-insoluble material; this profile was essentially similar in normal
      and CLL B cells. Treatment with phorbol ester for time periods varying from 20
      min to 48 hr led to qualitative increases in tyrosine labeling of these
      phosphoproteins, as measured both in vitro and in intact cells "in vivo."
      Although the relative abundance of tyrosine phosphorylation as a percentage of
      total labeling was variable due to concomitant enhancement of serine and
      threonine phosphorylation, exogenous peptide substrate assays confirmed the
      increased tyrosine kinase activity quantitatively. Enhanced tyrosine
      phosphorylation was succeeded or accompanied in both normal and abnormal B cells
      by cellular activation, as judged by increased [3H]thymidine uptake, and terminal
      differentiation of CLL cells. These findings provide further evidence implicating
      tyrosine kinases in B lymphocyte activation.

PMID- 3876386
TI  - Relationship between immune system and gram-negative bacteria. IV. T lymphocytes
      from Lpsd mice possess binding site(s) for Rb Salmonella.
AB  - We have previously shown that Salmonella minnesota R345 (Rb) spontaneously binds
      to 50 to 55% of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In the present
      study, we have compared Rb cytoadherence to lymphoid cells from various tissues
      of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) hyporesponsive (Lpsd) and LPS responsive (Lpsn) mouse
      strains. A higher number of spleen cells from Lpsd mice (C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScN)
      bound Rb bacteria (22 to 30%) than cells from Lpsn mice (4 to 9%). Rb bound
      mainly to T cells, and cytoadherence occurred in both Lyt-1+ and Lyt-2+ T cell
      subsets. By contrast, purified splenic B cells from Lpsd and Lpsn mice gave less
      than 4% Rb cytoadherence. In both mouse strains, cytoadherence was mediated by
      the homologous LPS structure, because purified Rb-LPS blocked Rb Salmonella
      binding to T cells. On the other hand, smooth Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 LPS (S
      LPS) and Salmonella R595 (Re) LPS (Re-LPS), which contain mainly lipid A, were
      without effect on Rb binding. Increased Rb binding was seen with T cells from
      Peyer's patches (PP), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and peripheral blood than
      from spleen of C3H/HeN (Lpsn) mice; however, greater cytoadherence was always
      seen with T cells of these tissues from C3H/HeJ mice. Interestingly, treatment of
      whole spleen or purified T cells from C3H/HeN mice with neuraminidase enhanced
      cytoadherence to levels seen with C3H/HeJ cells. The observed Rb binding to PP,
      MLN, and PBMC cells in both mouse strains suggests that gut microbial environment
      may play an important role in Rb cytoadherence. This is also supported by the
      evidence that when spleen cells of germfree and conventional mice were tested for
      Rb binding, higher cytoadherence was observed in conventional mice only. Taken
      together, these results indicate that T cells of Lpsd mice express binding
      site(s) for Salmonella, whereas Lpsn mice have T cells with these structure(s) in
      a cryptic configuration.

PMID- 3876387
TI  - Effect of aging on antimicrobial immunity: old mice display a normal capacity for
      generating protective T cells and immunologic memory in response to infection
      with Listeria monocytogenes.
AB  - Old (19 to 30 mo) and young adult (11 to 16 wk) AB6F1 mice of both sexes were
      compared in terms of their capacity to resist infection with Listeria
      monocytogenes. The LD50 was found to be two to four times higher for old than for
      young mice, and the time to death was longer for old mice. Enumeration of
      bacteria in the livers and spleens showed that old mice restricted growth of
      Listeria more effectively than young mice during the preimmune phase of
      infection, the difference being detectable as early as 12 to 24 hr after
      bacterial inoculation. Therefore, to ensure a similar level of infection in old
      and young mice, old mice had to be given a larger inoculum. Indeed, it was found
      that, provided the size of the bacterial inoculum was adjusted to make the level
      of immunizing infection the same, old mice generated similar levels of anti
      Listeria immunity as young mice, as measured by their ability to generate splenic
      T cells capable of adoptively immunizing young recipients against lethal
      challenge infection. Furthermore, the level of memory immunity to reinfection 28
      to 117 days after immunizing infection was similar in old and young mice. The
      results indicate, therefore, that old mice have no defect in their capacity to
      generate T cell-mediated anti-Listeria immunity.

PMID- 3876388
TI  - Influenza viruses as lymphocyte mitogens. II. Role of I-E molecules in B cell
      mitogenesis by influenza A viruses of the H2 and H6 subtypes.
AB  - Influenza A viruses of the H2 and H6 subtypes behave as T cell-independent B cell
      mitogens for lymphocytes from strains of mice that express the class II MHC
      glycoprotein I-E (Ia.7+ haplotypes). We have examined the role of I-E molecules
      in mitogenesis by these viruses. Lymphocytes from (Ia.7+ X Ia.7-)F1 hybrid
      strains that express lower levels of I-E antigen than homozygous Ia.7+ strains
      showed a level of response to H2 and H6 influenza viruses that was intermediate
      between the high response of the Ia.7+ parent and the low response of the Ia.7-
      parent. The mitogenic response of H-2k lymphocytes to these viruses was
      completely inhibited by low concentrations of anti-I-Ek monoclonal antibody that
      had no effect on B cell proliferation induced by LPS or by influenza A virus of
      the H3 subtype. Furthermore, incubation of H-2k spleen cells with high
      concentrations of H2 (but not H3) influenza viruses substantially inhibited the
      binding of radio-labeled anti-I-Ek, but not anti-I-Ak, monoclonal antibody. Cell
      mixing experiments indicated that expression of I-E by the B cells was critical
      to the mitogenic response, whereas I-E expression by accessory cells may not be
      necessary. The data support a model in which B cell mitogenesis by these viruses
      results from direct binding of the viruses to I-E molecules on B lymphocytes.

PMID- 3876389
TI  - Antigen presentation by Hodgkin's disease cells.
AB  - The L428 tumor cell line is a long-term tissue culture of Reed-Sternberg cells
      which was derived from the pleural effusion of a patient with Hodgkin's disease.
      The L428 cells express all known cell surface antigens, cytochemical staining,
      and cytologic features of freshly explanted Reed-Sternberg cells. In addition to
      the previously described HLA-DR cell surface antigens, the L428 cells are now
      demonstrated to express both DS and SB alloantigens. Thus, the L428 cells express
      all of the known subclasses of the human immune response genes that are located
      in the major histocompatibility complex. Furthermore, the L428 cells are capable
      of presenting soluble antigen to T cells in a genetically restricted fashion. T
      cell lines were established from normal donors previously immunized with tetanus
      toxoid. The T cells utilized were incapable of tetanus toxoid-induced
      proliferation unless antigen-presenting cells were added to the cultures.
      However, T cells from the two normal donors, which like the L428 cells expressed
      HLA-DR 5, demonstrated significant proliferative responses when cultured with
      tetanus toxoid and L428 cells. No proliferative response was observed when the
      L428 cells were used as antigen-presenting cells for a DR (4,-), DR (2,-) or DR
      (1,7) T cell line. The tetanus toxoid dose-response curve was similar regardless
      of whether autologous mononuclear leukocytes or L428 cells were used as antigen
      presenting cells. The T cell proliferation induced by soluble antigen was also
      blocked by anti-HLA-DR antibody. Thus, functionally, Hodgkin's disease may be
      classified as a tumor of antigen-presenting cells.

PMID- 3876390
TI  - An enzyme-linked double antibody immunoassay to measure murine immunoglobulins-
      its application to determine the specific activity of radiolabeled monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - A sensitive, simple and reproducible biotin-avidin amplified double antibody
      immunoassay to quantitate low concentrations of mouse immunoglobulins is
      described. The assay is a useful technique to measure trace levels of murine
      monoclonal antibodies in culture supernatants of hybridoma cells metabolically
      labeled with radioactive isotopes. A combination of radioactive counting and
      measurement of the absorbance of a peroxidase catalyzed reaction permits accurate
      determination of the specific radioactivity of labeled monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 3876391
TI  - ELISA quantitation of IgG subclass antibodies to dietary antigens.
AB  - The IgG subclasses of human antibodies against 2 dietary antigens, ovalbumin (OA)
      and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG), were studied by ELISA using monoclonal anti-human
      IgG subclass antibodies. Under the assay conditions used, the anti-IgG subclass
      antibodies were subclass specific. Quantitative estimates of the subclass
      antibodies were obtained by reference to a 'capture' assay using F(ab')2 anti
      light chain antibody as ligand and IgG myelomas as standards. The validity of
      these estimates was supported by antibody quantitation using the Farr assay. In
      healthy adults with serum anti-OA or anti-BLG antibodies, anti-OA antibodies were
      found mainly in the IgG1 (9/11) and IgG4 (6/11) subclasses, whereas 5 sera showed
      high levels of IgG2 antibodies. In contrast, the IgG subclass distribution of
      anti-BLG antibodies was predominantly IgG4 (10/10).

PMID- 3876392
TI  - Electrophoretic analysis of HLA-DR2 molecules isolated from HLA-Dw2 and HLA-Dw12
      cell lines.
AB  - To answer the question of whether or not polymorphism exists among HLA-DR2
      molecules derived from cells homozygous for HLA-DR2, but expressing different HLA
      D specificities, HLA-DR2 molecules were isolated from HLA-Dw2 and HLA-Dw12
      homozygous cells using a monoclonal antibody operationally monospecific for HLA
      DR2, and were compared to each other by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. No
      electrophoretically discernible polymorphism was found in either the heavy or the
      light chain subunits of the HLA-DR2 molecules. These findings are in marked
      contrast with previous observations that each of the HLA-DR4-associated HLA-D
      clusters expresses an electrophoretically distinct HLA-DR4 light chain.

PMID- 3876393
TI  - An old nemesis in new clothing: viruses playing new tricks by causing
      cytopathology in the absence of cytolysis.

PMID- 3876394
TI  - Humoral responses to Pneumocystis carinii in patients with acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome and in immunocompromised homosexual men.

PMID- 3876395
TI  - Persistent pharyngeal colonization during therapy in patients with meningitis
      caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b.

PMID- 3876397
TI  - Serum opsonic activity for Haemophilus influenzae type b in infants immunized
      with polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines.

PMID- 3876398
TI  - Meeting report on recent advances on T-lymphocytes in normal and leukemia
      patients.
AB  - We report on the main topics discussed at the "Human T-Lymphocytes in Normal and
      Leukemia Patients" meeting, including the "Second International Workshop on T
      Cell Colonies" (Reggio Calabria, September 16-19, 1984). Improved knowledge in
      the field of T-lymphocyte biology has contributed greatly to a better clinical
      definition of T-cell-derived lymphoproliferative disorders. The T-cell colony
      assay seems to represent a useful tool for studying the early steps of T
      lymphocyte maturation and for characterizing accessory cells and soluble
      mediators that regulate T-cell proliferation.

PMID- 3876396
TI  - Comparative study of ceftriaxone and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the
      treatment of chancroid in Thailand.
AB  - A single dose of ceftriaxone (250 mg) administered intramuscularly was compared
      with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ; 160/800 mg) administered orally
      twice daily for seven days or with a single dose of TMP-SMZ (640/3,200 mg)
      administered orally for the treatment of chancroid in men in Thailand.
      Haemophilus ducreyi was isolated from 79 (48%) of 164 men with a clinical
      diagnosis of chancroid. For men with ulcers that were culture positive for H.
      ducreyi, rates of cure were 100% in 25 men treated with ceftriaxone, 87% in 23
      men given TMP-SMZ for seven days, and 55% in 31 men given TMP-SMZ in a single
      dose. For men with ulcers that were culture negative for H. ducreyi, rates of
      cure were 100% in 29 men treated with ceftriaxone, 66% in 32 men given TMP-SMZ
      for seven days, and 63% in 24 men given TMP-SMZ in a single dose. The MIC50 of
      the three antibiotics for 94 isolates of H. ducreyi were as follows: 0.004
      micrograms/ml for ceftriaxone, 16 micrograms/ml for trimethoprim, and greater
      than 512 micrograms/ml for sulfamethoxazole. Our study indicates that ceftriaxone
      in a single dose of 250 mg is effective, but that TMP-SMZ, even when given in a
      standard seven-day regimen, is not effective treatment for chancroid in Thailand.

PMID- 3876399
TI  - Use of human skin to demonstrate antinuclear antibodies in lepromatous leprosy
      patients.
AB  - A common finding in the sera of leprosy patients is the presence of antinuclear
      antibodies (ANA), but their specificity for autologous antigens is unknown. The
      aim of this work was to investigate the reactivity of these ANA toward the cell
      nuclei of human skin. ANA were investigated in the sera of 35 patients with
      lepromatous leprosy by immunofluorescence reactions performed with sections of
      human skin biopsies (autologous from each patient and healthy human skin obtained
      from plastic surgery procedures), and compared with the results obtained when rat
      liver was used as substrate. ANA titer, immunofluorescence pattern,
      immunoglobulin classes (IgG and IgM) and complement-binding capability were also
      investigated. When human skin sections were used as substrates, 30 out of 35
      patients (85.7%) gave positive ANA tests; most of them gave a 1:4 to 1:16 titer
      for IgG with an annular pattern and 1:4 for IgM with an annular or a granular
      pattern. ANA of 30 patients bound C1q and 14 bound C3. However, when rat liver
      sections were used as substrates only 9 out of 35 cases (27.1%) gave positive ANA
      tests. These results show that human skin sections are a better substrate to
      demonstrate the ANA present in the sera of patients with lepromatous leprosy.
      Their significance in the pathogenesis of tissue damage remains to be
      investigated.

PMID- 3876400
TI  - [The quantitative analysis of 201T1 myocardial emission computed tomography in
      patients with old myocardial infarctions].

PMID- 3876401
TI  - Self-regulation of procoagulant events on the endothelial cell surface.
AB  - Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a potent mediator of inflammatory and immunologic
      phenomena. In addition, IL-1 may be intimately involved in the regulation of
      hemostasis, since interaction of IL-1 with endothelial cells has been reported to
      induce tissue factor activity. We demonstrate that perturbation of the
      endothelial cell induces augmented IL-1 release. Human umbilical vein endothelial
      cells perturbed by treatment with lipopolysaccharide produced enhanced amounts of
      IL-1 activity. IL-1 activity from lipopolysaccharide-treated endothelial cell
      supernatants could be absorbed by an antibody to IL-1 coupled to Sepharose.
      Elaboration of IL-1 activity was dependent on the dose of lipopolysaccharide and
      occurred in a time-dependent manner. Addition of cycloheximide blocked generation
      of IL-1 activity. A physiological vessel wall perturbant, the coagulation enzyme
      thrombin, induced comparable amounts of IL-1 activity in endothelial cell
      cultures. This effect was specific for the enzyme, since active site-blocked
      thrombin and prothrombin had no effect on IL-1. In addition, IL-1-containing
      supernatants from thrombin-stimulated endothelial cells induced tissue factor
      procoagulant activity in fresh endothelial cell cultures. Thus, in contrast to
      the multiple, known inhibitory mechanisms that block thrombin procoagulant
      activity, these data suggest a circle of interaction in which thrombin induces
      endothelial cell elaboration of IL-1, a mediator of endothelial cell procoagulant
      activity. Endothelial cell production of IL-1 in response to perturbation allows
      these cells to play an integral role in the regulation of the inflammatory and
      coagulation systems.

PMID- 3876402
TI  - Purification to homogeneity of a high molecular weight human B cell growth
      factor; demonstration of specific binding to activated B cells; and development
      of a monoclonal antibody to the factor.
AB  - High molecular weight B cell growth factor (HMW-BCGF) produced by a T cell line
      was purified to homogeneity and demonstrated to bind specifically to activated
      human B cells. A monoclonal antibody to HMW-BCGF was developed that (a)
      specifically inhibited the activity of HMW-BCGF in enhancing B cell
      proliferation, (b) specifically bound to HMW-BCGF in Western blots, (c)
      specifically absorbed HMW-BCGF activity from culture supernatants, and (d)
      specifically absorbed an internally labeled protein from T-ALL supernatant which
      comigrates with HMW-BCGF on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. This
      antibody should help in cloning the gene for HMW-BCGF and further exploring the
      physiologic roles of HMW-BCGF.

PMID- 3876403
TI  - Carbohydrate moieties of major histocompatibility complex class I alloantigens
      are not required for their recognition by T lymphocytes.
AB  - The ability to generate specific cytotoxic responses using purified major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen in liposomes has made it possible to
      directly assess the importance of class I carbohydrate moieties in T cell
      recognition of alloantigen. Deglycosylation of affinity-purified H-2Kk to yield a
      single glycan-free product did not alter the specificity, the magnitude, nor the
      dose range of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to the class I antigen.
      It can be concluded that carbohydrate moieties are not required to maintain the
      necessary conformation of the MHC protein, nor to interact with either the
      antigen-specific receptor or accessory proteins on precursor CTL.

PMID- 3876404
TI  - Anticlonotypic monoclonal antibodies induce proliferation of clonotype-positive T
      cells in peripheral blood human T lymphocytes. Evidence for a phenotypic (T4/T8)
      heterogeneity of the clonotype-positive proliferating cells.
AB  - Three previously selected monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed against the
      clonotypic structure of a variant (termed JA3) of the interleukin 2 (IL-2)
      producing Jurkat leukemia cell line (anti-JTi1-3 mAb) were found to induce an
      adherent cell-dependent proliferation of peripheral blood T cells in 20 different
      donors. Unlike the early cell proliferation induced by anti-T3 mAb, anti-JTi mAb
      induced proliferation was detectable at day 5-6 of culture and reached peak
      levels at day 7-9. Less than 1% JTi+ cells were consistently detected in the
      starting peripheral blood lymphocytes or in control cultures in which cells were
      stimulated with anti-T3, phytohemagglutinin, or allogeneic cells. However, JTi+
      cells were found in increasing proportions after culture with anti-JTi mAb and
      they were mostly represented by large blast cells expressing either the T4 or the
      T8 antigen, together with typical activation antigens including HLA-DR, IL-2
      receptor, and 4F2. Immunoprecipitation experiments and sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that anti-JTi-reactive molecules
      present on antibody-stimulated lymphocytes or on JA3 cells were similar,
      disulphide-linked heterodimeric structures.

PMID- 3876405
TI  - Light-evoked increases in extracellular K+ in the plexiform layers of amphibian
      retinas.
AB  - Recordings of light-evoked changes in extracellular K+ concentration (delta[K+]o)
      were obtained in the retinas of frog and mudpuppy. In eyecup preparations,
      various recording approaches were used and provided evidence for a K increase
      near the outer plexiform layer (distal K increase). This distal K increase could
      be pharmacologically dissociated from the well-known, large K increase in the
      proximal retina by the application of ethanol and gamma-aminobutyric acid. The
      distal K increase also often showed surround antagonism. A retinal slice
      preparation was used to permit electrode placement into the desired retinal
      layers under direct visual control and without the risk of electrode damage to
      adjacent layers. In the slice, a distinct distal K increase was found in the
      outer plexiform layer, in addition to the prominent K increase in the inner
      plexiform layer. Compared with eyecups, only weak K increases were found in the
      nuclear layers of the slice. This suggests that the K responses observed in the
      nuclear layers of eyecups may be generated by K+ diffusing along the electrode
      track from the plexiform layers. In the context of current models of ERG b-wave
      generation, the magnitude of the recorded distal K increase, compared with the
      proximal K increase, seems too small to give rise to the b-wave. However, the
      distal K increase may be differentially depressed by electrode dead space. It is
      also possible that if certain aspects of the models of b-wave generation were
      modified, then the observed distal K increase could give rise to the b-wave.

PMID- 3876406
TI  - Current-voltage relations of the apical and basolateral membranes of the frog
      skin.
AB  - We determined the current-voltage (I-V) relations of the apical and basolateral
      barriers of frog skins by impaling the cells with an intracellular microelectrode
      and assuming that the current across the cellular pathway was equal to the
      amiloride-inhibitable current. We found that: (a) The responses in
      transepithelial current and intracellular potential to square pulses of
      transepithelial potential (VT) varied markedly with time. (b) As a consequence of
      these transient responses, the basolateral I-V relation was markedly dependent on
      the time of sampling after the beginning of each pulse. The apical I-V plot was
      much less sensitive to the time of sampling within the pulse. (c) The I-V data
      for the apical barrier approximated the I-V relations calculated from the Goldman
      constant field equation over a relatively wide range of membrane potentials (+/-
      100 mV). (d) A sudden reduction in apical bath [Na+] resulted in an increase in
      apical permeability and a shift in the apical barrier zero-current potential (Ea)
      toward less positive values. The shift in Ea was equivalent to a change of 45 mV
      for a 10-fold change in apical [Na+]. (e) The transient responses of the skin to
      square VT pulses were described by the sum of two exponentials with time
      constants of 114 and 1,563 ms, which are compatible with the time constants that
      would be produced by an RC circuit with capacitances of 65 and 1,718 microF. The
      larger capacitance is too large to identify it comfortably with a true dielectric
      membrane capacitance.

PMID- 3876407
TI  - Entry of methotrexate into Streptococcus pneumoniae: a study on a wild-type
      strain and a methotrexate resistant mutant.
AB  - Entry of methotrexate (MTX) into the folate prototrophic bacterium Streptococcus
      pneumoniae was poorly inhibited by folate or its natural derivative folinic acid,
      suggesting that if MTX is transported via a folate transporter, the affinity of
      that transporter for MTX is higher than for folate. In the range of
      concentrations tested, MTX uptake was non-concentrative and decreased in ATP
      depleted bacteria. When the external concentration of MTX was increased from 1 X
      10(-7) M to 1 X 10(-6) M, uptake became saturated and was insensitive to
      ionophores. However when external MTX concentrations were increased to 1 X 10(-5)
      M, uptake increased linearly, and was inhibited by the ionophores carbonyl
      cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and valinomycin, suggesting that the
      process was energized by the protonmotive force (delta p) at this concentration.
      A model for MTX entry in S. pneumoniae is proposed with respect to these results.
      The high level of resistance to MTX of the nonsense mutant amiA9 cannot be
      entirely explained by a decrease in MTX uptake.

PMID- 3876408
TI  - Plasma membrane and chromaffin granule characteristics in digitonin-treated
      chromaffin cells.
AB  - Digitonin permeabilizes the plasma membranes of bovine chromaffin cells to Ca2+,
      ATP, and proteins and allows micromolar Ca2+ in the medium to stimulate directly
      catecholamine secretion. In the present study the effects of digitonin (20
      microM) on the plasma membrane and on intracellular chromaffin granules were
      further characterized. Cells with surface membrane labeled with [3H]galactosyl
      moieties retained label during incubation with digitonin. The inability of
      digitonin-treated cells to shrink in hyperosmotic solutions of various
      compositions indicated that tetrasaccharides and smaller molecules freely entered
      the cells. ATP stimulated [3H]norepinephrine uptake into digitonin-treated
      chromaffin cells fivefold. The stimulated [3H]norepinephrine uptake was inhibited
      by 1 microM reserpine, 30 microM NH4+, or 1 microM carbonyl cyanide p
      trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP). The data indicate that [3H]norepinephrine
      was taken up into the intracellular storage granules by the ATP-induced H+
      electrochemical gradient across the granule membrane. Reduction of the medium
      osmolality from 310 mOs to 100 mOs was required to release approximately 50% of
      the catecholamine from chromaffin granules with digitonin-treated chromaffin
      cells which indicates a similar osmotic stability to that in intact cells.
      Chromaffin granules in vitro lost catecholamine when the digitonin concentration
      was 3 microM or greater. Catecholamine released into the medium by micromolar
      Ca2+ from digitonin-treated chromaffin cells that had subsequently been washed
      free of digitonin could not be pelleted in the centrifuge and was not accompanied
      by release of membrane-bound dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. The studies demonstrate
      that 20 microM of digitonin caused profound changes in the chromaffin cell plasma
      membrane permeability but had little effect on intracellular chromaffin granule
      stability and function. It is likely that the intracellular chromaffin granules
      were not directly exposed to significant concentrations of digitonin.
      Furthermore, the data indicate that during catecholamine release induced by
      micromolar Ca2+, the granule membrane was retained by the cells and that
      catecholamine release did not result from release of intact granules into the
      extracellular medium.

PMID- 3876409
TI  - Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease: hypersensitivity to X rays in
      cultured cell lines.
AB  - Fibroblast and/or lymphoblastoid lines from patients with several inherited
      primary neuronal degenerations are hypersensitive to DNA-damaging agents.
      Therefore, lymphoblastoid lines were irradiated from patients with sporadic
      Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
      The mean survival values of the eight Parkinson's disease and of the six
      Alzheimer's disease lines, but not of the five amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
      lines, were less than that of the 28 normal lines. Our results with Parkinson's
      disease and Alzheimer's disease cells can be explained by a genetic defect
      arising as a somatic mutation during embryogenesis, causing defective repair of
      the X-ray type of DNA damage. Such a DNA repair defect could cause an abnormal
      accumulation of spontaneously occurring DNA damage in Parkinson's disease and
      Alzheimer's disease neurons in vivo, resulting in their premature death.

PMID- 3876410
TI  - Germinoma in the cerebellopontine angle.

PMID- 3876411
TI  - Formation of the active zone at developing neuromuscular junctions in larval and
      adult bullfrogs.
AB  - Development of the presynaptic active zone was studied at neuromuscular junctions
      with freeze-fracture electron microscopy in larval and adult bullfrogs. In
      rudimentary larval neuromuscular junctions, clusters of active zone particles
      were scattered over the P-face of the presynaptic membrane. Vesicle openings were
      observed at these terminals even though active zone particles lacked the mature
      pattern of two double rows. Gradually, active zone particles became organized
      into rows, but they were still randomly located and oriented. Once junctional
      folds were observed in replicas, developing active zones were located opposite to
      the folds, as in mature terminals. Multiple terminals occupying the same
      junctional gutters were also observed. At the end of metamorphosis, most active
      zones were still immature in appearance and had only grown to one third of their
      mature length. After metamorphosis, the number of active zone segments aligned at
      the same junctional fold increased. These discontinuous short active zones then
      elongated, joined together, and finally formed the mature active zones. Signs
      suggesting synapse elimination such as disorganization of active zones, absence
      of intramembrane particles in varicosities, and exposed muscle membranes with
      patches of acetylcholine receptor aggregates were observed. In some multiply
      innervated junctions, one terminal had mature active zones with vesicle openings,
      the other in the same gutter displayed disorganized active zones without vesicle
      openings, although both terminals showed similar sizes and distributions of
      background particles. This study suggests that developing active zones, as is the
      case for regenerating active zones in the adult, are functional before the mature
      organization is formed. The sequence of development of active zones is also
      similar to that of regeneration except for the random location and orientation of
      early active zones in tadpoles. The comparison between regeneration and
      development further indicates that the process of active zone formation is
      related to junctional folds and/or associated structures. It is also suggested
      that synapse elimination may involve degenerative changes in presynaptic
      membranes, although direct evidence remains to be provided.

PMID- 3876412
TI  - The monkey vertical vestibuloocular response: a frequency domain study.
AB  - We studied the vertical vestibuloocular response (VVOR) in seven cynomolgus
      monkeys. Eye movements were measured by the search coil method. We tested the
      monkeys by rotating them about their interaural axis, which was colinear with
      gravity. Each monkey was tested by using a standard rotational paradigm that
      consisted of discrete sinusoidal oscillations at three frequencies (0.01, 0.1,
      and 1.0 Hz) and six peak velocities (5, 10, 30, 60, 100, and 150 degrees/S). The
      standard rotational paradigm was applied twice for each of two conditions. The
      first condition (EOD) consisted of rotations with the animal's vision occluded;
      the second condition (EOL) consisted of rotations during which the animal was
      allowed to view a well-lighted room. Using various statistics, we tested the
      linearity of the sinusoidal slow-phase velocity component of the VVOR. The
      largest nonlinearity found was a skewness of approximately 14% in the waveform of
      f = 0.01 Hz. We did not find an amplitude asymmetry between slow-phase eye
      velocity upward (SPVU) and slow-phase eye velocity downward (SPVD) greater than
      6% for any oscillation. Nonlinearities present in the VVOR during testing with
      vision occluded (EOD condition) disappeared with the addition of vision (EOL
      condition). Intensity function plots [peak slow-phase eye velocity vs. peak
      rotator (head) velocity] revealed that at f = 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 Hz over the
      intensity range from +/-30 degrees/s to +/-150 degrees/s, the VVOR is highly
      linear. The lowest correlation coefficient associated with linear regressions of
      the intensity function data at each frequency was 0.99. Analyses of frequency
      response functions for the bandwidth f = 0.01 to 1.0 Hz, revealed the following:
      1) mean amplitude ratio (AR) and phase overlap for four different stimulus
      intensities (30, 60, 100, and 150 degrees/s); 2) no significant differences (Mann
      Whitney U test, P greater than 0.05) between any AR or phase value for mean peak
      SPVU and mean peak SPVD re appropriately directed head velocity; 3) no
      significant differences (Mann-Whitney U test, P greater than 0.05) between AR and
      phase values for animals tested and then retested 1 mo later with five
      intervening standard rotational paradigms; 4) a large effect of vision in
      producing a VVOR with near-unity gain and near-perfect phase
      compensation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3876413
TI  - Spatial and temporal response properties of the vestibulocollic reflex in
      decerebrate cats.
AB  - Vestibulocollic reflex responses of several neck muscles in decerebrate cats were
      studied during angular rotations of the whole body in a large number of vertical
      and horizontal rotation planes, at frequencies from 0.07 to 1.6 Hz.
      Vestibulocollic responses were compared to eye muscle and forelimb muscle
      vestibular responses. Electromyographic activity was recorded by fine wires
      inserted in biventer cervicis, complexus, longus capitis, obliquus capitis
      inferior, occipitoscapularis, rectus capitis major, splenius, lateral rectus, and
      triceps brachii. At frequencies of approximately 0.5 Hz and above, neck muscle
      electromyographic response gains were sinusoidal functions of stimulus
      orientation within a set of vertical or horizontal planes, and a muscle's
      response phase remained constant across rotation planes, or reversed by 180
      degrees. Response patterns at high frequencies were consistent with
      vestibulocollic reflex activation by semicircular canals through brain circuitry
      that modifies canal dynamics. At frequencies of approximately 0.5 Hz and above,
      the stimulus orientation in which a given neck muscle's response was maximal
      remained nearly constant across frequencies. Thus, we used responses to rotations
      at high frequencies to calculate axes of maximal response of each muscle in three
      dimensional space. Lateral rectus, obliquus, and to a lesser extent, splenius and
      longus capitus were activated predominantly by horizontal rotations. Biventer was
      activated predominantly by pitch, triceps predominantly by roll, and complexus,
      occipitoscapularis, and rectus major significantly excited by rotations in all
      three coordinate planes. In some cases, at frequencies less than 0.5 Hz, neck
      muscle response phase varied depending on the vertical plane in which the cat was
      rotated, and the optimal response plane was poorly defined and varied with
      frequency. These responses indicated that, at some frequencies, neck muscle
      activity can result from summation of inputs with differing spatial orientation
      and dynamics (spatial-temporal convergence). Differences between responses to
      vertical and horizontal rotations suggested that low-frequency spatial-temporal
      convergence behavior of the vestibulocollic reflex during vertical rotations was
      due to convergent semicircular canal and otolith receptor inputs.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3876415
TI  - Synthesis and biodistribution of no-carrier-added [1-11C]putrescine.
AB  - No-carrier-added [1-11C]putrescine was synthesized in 20% radiochemical yield in
      a synthesis time of 50 min by the Michael addition of potassium [11C]cyanide to
      acrylonitrile followed by reduction of the [11C]dinitrile with borane-methyl
      sulfide complex. Biodistribution in mice at 5, 30, and 60 min showed low uptake
      in normal brain tissue.

PMID- 3876414
TI  - Dynamic SPECT of the brain using a lipophilic technetium-99m complex, PnAO.
AB  - The lipophilic 99mTc-labeled oxime propylene amine oxime (PnAO) should, according
      to recent reports behave like 133Xe in the human brain. This study compares SPECT
      images of the two tracers in six subjects: four stroke cases, one transitory
      ischemic attack case and one normal subject. Technetium-99m PnAO was injected
      i.v. as a bolus of 15 to 25 mCi. The distribution was followed over 10-sec
      intervals using a highly sensitive, rapidly rotating SPECT (Tomomatic 64) and
      compared to 133Xe flow maps. Upon arrival of the PnAO bolus to the brain, a high
      uptake was found in brain tissue with high cerebral blood flow followed by rapid
      washout. In the stroke cases, low flow areas were equally well visualized by both
      tracers. Two dissimilarities were seen in the initial pictures: PnAO visualized
      the cerebral veins and showed a lesser contrast of gray:white matter uptake. The
      results suggest that PnAO has a high yet incomplete brain extraction yielding a
      flow dominated initial distribution with limitations mentioned.

PMID- 3876416
TI  - Local and regional immune function of vitamin A-deficient rats with ocular herpes
      simplex virus (HSV) infections.
AB  - Experimental ocular herpes virus (HSV) infections are more severe in vitamin A
      deficient rats (-A) compared with normal pair-fed controls (+A). In an effort to
      determine whether alterations in specific or nonspecific immune responses were
      responsible for the increased susceptibility of -A rats, cell-mediated responses
      and natural killer cell (NK) activity were monitored during the course of ocular
      herpetic infections in -A and +A rats. Prior to infection the concanavalin A (Con
      A)-induced response of splenic lymphocytes from -A rats was significantly less
      than that of +A animals. Three days following topical application of HSV to
      abraded corneas, the Con A-induced splenic response decreased in both -A and +A
      animals and remained at low levels for 10 d following infection. The cervical
      lymph node (CLN) response to Con A was depressed 7 d following infection but was
      higher in the -A group than in the +A group at all time points. In vitro response
      to inactivated HSV antigen appeared on d 7 in the spleen and d 10 in the CLN. The
      responses were higher in -A animals compared with +A pair-fed controls and were
      related to the severity of the disease rather than to dietary treatment. Splenic
      NK cytotoxic responses were higher in +A than -A animals and decreased in both
      groups during the 10-d post-infection period. Cervical lymph node NK responses
      were unaffected by diet or ocular HSV infection.

PMID- 3876417
TI  - Incidence and persistence of Haemophilus influenzae type b upper airway
      colonization in patients with meningitis.

PMID- 3876418
TI  - Hypergammaglobulinemia in histiocytosis X.

PMID- 3876420
TI  - Effect of protein source and iron content of infant formula on stool
      characteristics.
AB  - Formula-fed, term infants were evaluated in two studies that assessed the
      influence on stool characteristics of protein source and iron content of the
      formula. Parental observations of infants' stool characteristics were recorded on
      standard forms. Green was the primary stool color for infants receiving whey
      predominant formula containing iron at 12 mg/L. A low-iron (1.5 mg/L), whey
      predominant formula produced yellow stools. A casein-predominant, iron-fortified
      (12 mg/L) formula produced primarily yellow or brown stools, although many of the
      infants fed this formula also had green stools. Soft stools were common in
      infants fed either whey- or casein-predominant formulas. However, more infants
      receiving whey-predominant formulas passed watery or slimy stools than did
      infants receiving casein-predominant formulas. We conclude that green stools in
      the absence of signs of disease should be considered a normal variation of stool
      color.

PMID- 3876419
TI  - Serial serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and mineral homeostasis in very premature
      infants fed preterm human milk.
AB  - Fourteen very low birthweight infants (mean +/- SD 1,070 +/- 180 g and 29.3 +/-
      1.9 weeks gestation) fed their own mother's milk were clinically followed until 3
      4 months of age with frequent measurements of serum calcium, phosphorus,
      magnesium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), parathyroid hormone, alkaline
      phosphatase, and albumin, and urine calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. These
      infants were matched for birthweight and gestation with 14 infants (1,075 +/- 152
      g and 29.0 +/- 1.7 weeks) who had been similarly followed during concomitant
      studies of infants fed standard formula (Similac 20 cal/oz). Urine phosphorus was
      markedly lower in the breast milk-fed group from initiation of feedings, and
      serum phosphorus became significantly lower at and after 6 weeks of age. The fall
      in serum phosphorus was accompanied by a marked calciuria. Parathyroid hormone
      was suppressed in the breast milk-fed group, although serum calcium was not
      elevated and did not differ from formula-fed infants. A high incidence of
      moderate-severe hypomineralization on radiographs was seen in both breast milk-
      and formula-fed groups. Six of 14 breast-fed infants required phosphorus
      supplementation at 8-10 weeks of age because of significant hypophosphatemia,
      hypercalciuria, and hypomineralization. These infants differed from those not
      requiring phosphorus supplements by being smaller at birth but not of lower
      gestation, and having persistently low serum 25-OHD at and after 6 weeks of age.

PMID- 3876421
TI  - The changing nature of anorexia nervosa: an introduction to the conference.

PMID- 3876422
TI  - The epidemiology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia.

PMID- 3876423
TI  - The prevalence of binge-eating and bulimia in 1063 college students.
AB  - We used a purpose-designed questionnaire to survey the prevalence of binge-eating
      and bulimia in a sample of 1063 Dublin third-level students aged 17-25 yr. There
      were 361 males and 701 females. The questionnaire was based on DSM-III, and
      included a written definition of a binge and cross-check questions. Although
      17.7% of males and 37% of females claimed to have had an eating binge, cross
      check items reduced this to 1.1% of males and 10.8% of females who met the DSM
      III definition. No male and only 7.7% of females also met the behavioural
      criteria under item B of DSM-III, and only 5% of females reported dysphoric mood.
      Excluding those experiencing fewer than one episode per week gave a prevalence of
      2.8% in females and 0% on males. Previously-reported prevalences using
      questionnaire may be inflated due to poor respondent understanding of the
      psychiatric terms being used.

PMID- 3876424
TI  - Anorexia nervosa in Glasgow.
AB  - A case note review of referrals to psychiatrists in Glasgow for 1979-1983 yielded
      122 patients. Demographic and clinical data are described and compared to
      findings in earlier British series. Social class distribution for the Glasgow
      patients was no different from that of the local general population. This finding
      contrasted with the upper social class bias found in earlier studies and possible
      reasons for this difference are discussed.

PMID- 3876425
TI  - Dexamethasone suppression and energy balance: a study of anorexic patients.
AB  - The performance of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was investigated in
      45 female anorexic out-patients (cross-sectional study) and in nine female
      anorexic in-patients (longitudinal study). DST non-suppression was strongly
      associated with negative energy balance (low body weight and low Ponderal Index)
      but there was no significant association with the presence of affective or
      neurotic disturbance in these patients. These findings cast doubt on the value of
      the DST in the management of depressive illness.

PMID- 3876426
TI  - An introduction to allergic disease.

PMID- 3876427
TI  - The molecular basis of Haemophilus influenzae virulence.

PMID- 3876428
TI  - Bleeding oesophageal varices: referral bias and survival.
AB  - The survival of subjects with varices and gastrointestinal bleeding transferred
      to a referral centre from outside hospitals was compared with the survival of
      those admitted directly. The clinical features of the two groups were very
      similar and survival was 72 per cent. This suggests that the bias introduced by
      including such external referrals in series from regional centres studying
      survival in these patients is small and that they provide information relevant to
      patient management in smaller units. Of the referrals 79 per cent were from
      within 30 miles, transfer occurred rapidly and early mortality was low (7 per
      cent by one week). These factors help to minimise bias.

PMID- 3876429
TI  - Aorto-appendicular fistula presenting with intermittent gastrointestinal
      bleeding.

PMID- 3876430
TI  - An unusual case of abdominal tuberculosis.

PMID- 3876431
TI  - Effects of alterations in the immunocompetent status of Mus musculus females on
      the survival of transferred Mus caroli embryos.
AB  - The role of the immune system in promoting the midterm death of Mus caroli
      embryos transferred to the Mus musculus uterus was studied in vivo by
      transferring M. caroli blastocysts to recipients with altered immune status.
      Transfers of embryos to chimaeric mothers (Mus musculus in equilibrium Mus
      caroli), which were expected to be tolerant of species antigens, resulted in
      survival of M. musculus embryos but death of M. caroli embryos. The preferential
      survival of M. musculus embryos was explained by showing that M. musculus embryos
      can survive in the M. caroli uterus. Transfers to T cell-deficient mice of
      genotype nu/nu and to NK cell-deficient mice of genotype bg/bg as well as
      treatment of normal transfer recipients with Cyclosporin A or anti-Ia antiserum
      failed to prolong survival. However, immunization of recipients with M. caroli
      lymphocytes promoted more rapid and uniform failure of the interspecies
      pregnancy. Cytotoxic cells were detected in the resorbing embryos on Day 10.5 in
      immune pregnancies and on Day 12.5 in non-immune pregnancies and these cells were
      promiscuous in their pattern of lysis, showing equal reactivity against M.
      caroli, transfer recipient and 3rd party target cells. These experiments show
      that failure of M. caroli embryos in the M. musculus uterus is complex, but
      probably does not involve responses by classical cytotoxic T lymphocyte or
      natural killer cell pathways. Participation of the immune system in the
      resorption process, however, is confirmed and is associated with generation of
      promiscuous cytolytic cells.

PMID- 3876432
TI  - Kinetics of mammary and intestinal IgA-producing cells in the lactating rat.
AB  - IgA-producing B lymphocytes in the lactating mouse mammary gland are thought to
      be derived from lymphoid tissues associated with the small intestine. By
      contrast, adoptive transfer studies in the rat have failed to confirm a simple
      entero-mammary migration of IgA plasma cell precursors during lactation. To
      explain this discrepancy we postulated that recent cIgA+ cell immigrants undergo
      extensive local proliferation in the rat mammary gland. The present study tested
      this hypothesis by determining mitotic indices of cIgA+ cells in the gland during
      lactation. The results did not support this contention and suggest that rat
      mammary cIgA+ B cells are not derived from the same pool of precursors providing
      IgA-producing B cells for the small intestine.

PMID- 3876433
TI  - Enhancement of Clq binding activity by IgM rheumatoid factor.
AB  - Clq binding activity (ClqBA) averaged 18.1 +/- 14.5% (1 SD) in 28 rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA) sera (normal sera = 3.9 +/- 0.4%). Further analysis indicated that
      rheumatoid factor (RF) positive [RA (+)] sera averaged 30.4% ClqBA, significantly
      greater than the 3.9% ClqBA in RA RF negative [RA(-)] sera (p less than 0.01). In
      the RA(+) sera, RF titer correlated with ClqBA (r = +0.73). Addition of IgM RF to
      sera of normal, SLE, and RA(-) patients, as well as to aggregated IgG and reduced
      and alkylated aggregated IgG, resulted in significant increases in ClqBA, up to
      14% in the latter group (p less than 0.01). Control IgM added to these same
      systems had no effect on ClqBA. IgM RF only slightly increased Clq binding of
      monomeric IgG.

PMID- 3876434
TI  - Genetic variants of properdin factor B (Bf) in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Properdin factor B (Bf) phenotyping was carried out in 392 patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in 360 controls. In RA there were increased
      frequencies of both the Bf*S gene (83 vs 78%; pc = 0.0003) and the BfSS genotype
      73 vs 61%; pc = 0.0002) and reduced frequencies of the Bf*F1 gene (0.5 vs 2.2%;
      pc = 0.03) and the BfFS genotype (20 vs 29%; pc = 0.0007). The frequencies of
      Bf*S in DR4 positive and DR4 negative RA were similar so that the findings were
      not accounted for by linkage disequilibrium between DR4 and Bf*S.

PMID- 3876435
TI  - HLA haplotypes in a family with ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - HLA haplotypes (including A, B, C and DR loci) were studied in a family with
      members who had both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS).
      Sacroiliitis was found in 7 family members, one of whom had AS and 2 others
      erosive, seropositive RA. They carried the B27-DR4 haplotype, suggesting a
      possible dual genetic association of the same haplotype in both RA and AS. Three
      other different HLA-B27 containing haplotype were found, 2 of which could be
      associated with sacroiliitis/AS. Within this family sacroiliitis and/or AS rather
      seemed associated with the B27 antigen itself than with the same haplotype.

PMID- 3876436
TI  - Clinical features and followup study of HLA-B27 positive patients presenting with
      peripheral arthritis.
AB  - A comparison was made between HLA-B27 positive patients with peripheral arthritis
      and patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The distribution of peripheral
      joint involvement in HLA-B27 positive seronegative arthritis was not the same as
      that in AS; significant differences were also noted in the sex ratio and
      incidence of uveitis. Followup of the patients with peripheral arthritis revealed
      that 25% had developed a further criterion for Reiter's syndrome, 45% had
      persistent seronegative arthritis and in 55% the arthritis had resolved.

PMID- 3876437
TI  - Complementation with HLA-A and HLA-D locus alleles in ankylosing spondylitis with
      peripheral arthritis.
AB  - Fifty-nine patients with HLA-B27 positive ankylosing spondylitis were HLA
      genotyped to look for immunogenetic differences between patients with associated
      peripheral arthritis and those with disease limited to the axial skeleton. An
      association was found between the peripheral arthropathy and 2 antigens, HLA-A11
      and HLA-DR7 at the p less than 0.05 level. Complementation between these 2
      alleles and HLA-B27 occurred in both the cis and trans positions. Four patients
      with peripheral arthritis had a rare HLA-B27 haplotype (HLA-B27, HLA-DR7) which
      was not found in the group with axial disease alone.

PMID- 3876438
TI  - Antibody to mitotic spindle apparatus.

PMID- 3876439
TI  - A negative fluorescent antinuclear antibody test in a patient with Jo-1 antibody.

PMID- 3876440
TI  - HLA-DR4 in Felty's syndrome.

PMID- 3876441
TI  - Usefulness of current techniques in detecting and monitoring bone metastases from
      breast cancer.

PMID- 3876442
TI  - Studies on the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium species 2,3-MPDP+, the
      monoamine oxidase catalyzed oxidation product of the nigrostriatal toxin 1-methyl
      4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP).
AB  - The nigrostriatal toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is
      biotransformed by brain monoamine oxidase (MAO) to an unstable dihydropyridinium
      intermediate that reacts with cyanide ion to form an alpha-cyano
      tetrahydropyridine adduct and, in the absence of cyanide ion, undergoes
      disproportionation to the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium species MPP+ and MPTP.
      Comparison of the HPLC retention times, diode array UV, and chemical ion mass
      spectral characteristics of these products with those of synthetic standards led
      us to propose the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium species 2,3-MPDP+ and 6
      cyano-1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine as tentative structure
      assignments for the dihydropyridinium metabolite and the cyano adduct,
      respectively. Results presented in this paper confirm the first assignment and
      establish that, although the proposed 6-cyano adduct is initially formed, the
      product that was isolated from the mitochondrial incubation mixtures of MPTP and
      sodium cyanide actually is the isomeric 2-cyano-1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 
      tetrahydropyridine. On the basis of the selective incorporation of deuterium into
      these products, we provide rational mechanistic interpretations of the
      disproportionation reaction and the rearrangement of the cyano adducts. These
      results establish that the MAO-catalyzed bioactivation of MPTP leads to the
      formation of a variety of reactive molecules that are potentially cytotoxic to
      nigrostriatal cells.

PMID- 3876443
TI  - Evaluating the special needs of functional neuromuscular stimulation research
      candidates.
AB  - A psychological screening protocol for individuals with paraplegia who, through
      functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS), might develop stance and gait control
      is described. The efficacy of criteria to maximize the appropriate involvement of
      research candidates is reported. Accurate assessment of special needs for all
      participants, including persons referred prior to application of the screening
      protocol, was made based on histories of research involvement. Test and interview
      data identified two candidates who were inappropriate. Continued monitoring is
      planned to assess the relationship between FNS utilization, personal and
      environmental characteristics of participants, and consequences of research
      involvement. The value of providing social-environmental resources to maximize
      research outcome is emphasized.

PMID- 3876445
TI  - Immunological analysis of the cornea in herpetic stromal keratitis.

PMID- 3876444
TI  - Thyroid autoantigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in Graves' disease and
      Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
AB  - Further progress in understanding T-cell interactions in autoimmune thyroid
      disease would be possible if T-cell lines and clones could be established. We
      have therefore examined peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation in response to
      a variety of thyroid antigens in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. A
      number of different culture conditions were used but in all cases the frequency
      and magnitude of positive responses were low, the maximum stimulation found for
      any individual culture with antigen being less than 4-fold above background
      proliferation. In addition we have examined the blastogenic response of Graves'
      lymphocytes from thyroid, cervical lymph node and thymus. Positive responses were
      again found but the stimulation produced by antigen was only 3-fold above
      background. These results are compatible with recent findings in experimental
      autoimmune thyroiditis and suggest either that very few antigen-specific T cells
      are involved in the autoimmune process or that antigen-specific cells exist which
      can suppress the proliferative response in vitro. It therefore seems unlikely
      that randomly collected peripheral blood T cells from patients with autoimmune
      thyroid disease can be sufficiently stimulated by thyroid autoantigens to
      establish lines or clones without additional manoeuvres such as fractionation
      into subsets.

PMID- 3876446
TI  - Hyposplenism and T lymphocyte subpopulations in coeliac disease and after
      splenectomy.
AB  - An imbalance in immunoregulatory cells might explain the increase in autoimmune
      phenomena associated with hyposplenism. Using the monoclonal antibodies OKT3,
      OKT4 and OKT8 to identify T-lymphocyte subsets, we have studied 19 patients with
      treated coeliac disease, 9 of whom had hyposplenism, 10 splenectomized subjects,
      10 gastrointestinal control patients and 10 normal subjects. There was no
      significant difference in the proportion of lymphocytes, OKT3+, OKT4+ or OKT8+
      cells, nor in the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio, between any of the patient groups and normal
      or control subjects. Splenectomized subjects had higher total lymphocyte counts
      than normals (p less than 0.01). Hyposplenic coeliac patients had higher total
      lymphocyte counts than other coeliacs (p less than 0.05). Hyposplenic coeliac
      patients and splenectomized subjects tended to have an increase in the absolute
      number of OKT8+ cells, which in the latter group was statistically significant (p
      less than 0.05). We conclude that the increased frequency of autoimmune phenomena
      associated with hyposplenism due to coeliac disease or after splenectomy is not
      the result of an altered ratio of OKT4+/OKT8+ cells or a deficiency of OKT8+
      cells.

PMID- 3876447
TI  - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of human vascular endothelium in
      systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Sera from 35 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were examined for a
      cytotoxic effect on human umbilical vein endothelium. Although none of these sera
      produced direct cytotoxicity of 51Cr-labelled endothelial cells, even with added
      complement, 3 sera regularly produced increased 51Cr release when co-cultured
      with endothelial cells and normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The
      effector cells involved in this cytotoxicity possessed Fc-receptors but were non
      T and non-adherent while fractionation studies indicated that the responsible
      serum factor(s) was IgG, probably in the form of immune complexes of small size.
      Control studies, using sera from both 27 normal controls and 19 patients with
      either diabetes or extensive atherosclerotic vascular disease failed to reveal
      any similar cytotoxicity. Two of the 3 patients, whose sera produced this
      antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, had had clinical episodes of major
      vascular thrombosis, raising the possibility that the cytotoxicity might provide
      an additional pathogenic mechanism in certain patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus.

PMID- 3876448
TI  - Depression of local graft-versus-host reaction in patients with lipoid nephrosis.
AB  - The local graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) following intradermal injection of
      peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in Lewis rats was examined in order to test
      the cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in 31 patients with renal disease and in healthy
      controls. It was found that patients with lipoid nephrosis (LN) in the nephrotic
      stage and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) had less mean lesion of the local
      GVHR and a smaller proportion with positive reactions as compared to normal
      subjects. This abnormality in LN patients was correlated well with the degree of
      delayed hypersensitivity skin test responses to purified protein derivative (PPD)
      and improved with the onset of clinical remission. In contrast, the mean lesion
      in PBL from LN patients without nephrotic syndrome (NS) and from chronic
      mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (CGN) did not differ from the normal
      subjects. These findings raise the question of a selective defect in CMI in LN
      patients with NS. Our studies also indicate that the local GVHR represents a
      rapid, clinically useful test for assessing cellular immunocompetence in renal
      disease.

PMID- 3876450
TI  - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Endoscopic laser
      photocoagulation of gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage.

PMID- 3876449
TI  - Electron microprobe analysis of intracellular electrolytes in resting and
      isoproterenol-stimulated exocrine glands of frog skin.
AB  - In the intact, in vitro frog skin, isoproterenol (ISO) stimulates an amiloride
      insensitive increase in short-circuit current (SCC) that can be localized to the
      exocrine glands and is associated with secretion of chloride. To determine which
      cells in the glands respond to stimulation we measured the intracellular
      electrolyte concentrations of the various cell types of the mucous and seromucous
      glands of the skin using freeze-dried cryosections and electron microprobe
      analysis. In the resting state, the various cell types of the glands have
      intracellular electrolyte concentrations similar to the epithelial cells of the
      skin. Exposure to amiloride (10(-4) M) has little effect on the concentration of
      Na and Cl in the cells of the glands. The effect of isoproterenol has two
      distinct phases. Analysis of glands in tissues frozen at the peak of the SCC
      response (13 min after addition of isoproterenol) shows that the only significant
      change is an increase in Na and Ca in a group of cells at the ductal pole of the
      acini of both gland types. These are termed "gland" cells. The duct cells and
      cells that secrete macromolecules did not show any significant changes at this
      timepoint. In the gland cells, after a one-hour exposure to isoproterenol the Na
      concentration is at prestimulation levels while Cl drops. There is also a smaller
      drop in Cl in the duct and skin epithelial cells. Ouabain, which can completely
      block the isoproterenol SCC response, has little short-term effect on Na and Cl
      in the control gland but accentuates the gain of Na and drop in Cl in the
      isoproterenol-treated condition. Bumetanide and, to a lesser extent, furosemide,
      also blocks the isoproterenol SCC response and causes a further drop in Cl. The
      results provide indirect evidence that a major portion of the ionic component of
      the gland secretion is produced by a distinct group of cells separate from those
      producing the macromolecular component and that the mechanism of secretion
      involves a Na: Cl coupled transport system linked to the activity of the
      basolateral Na pump.

PMID- 3876451
TI  - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Endoscopic thermal coagulation
      of gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage.

PMID- 3876452
TI  - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Endoscopic electrocoagulation
      of gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage.

PMID- 3876453
TI  - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Endoscopic topical therapy of
      gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage.

PMID- 3876454
TI  - Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by cytologic examination of bronchial
      washings.
AB  - During the last three years, bronchial washings from patients in whom
      Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was clinically suspected were cytologically
      examined. These were predominantly cases of suspected or confirmed acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome. To determine the effectiveness of cytologic diagnosis
      by means of a bronchial wash, retrospective analysis of bronchial washings with
      available simultaneous transbronchial biopsy specimens was carried out in 181
      cases. Comparison of the results of both methods revealed an excellent
      correlation. Pneumocystis carinii was identified in 108 specimens of washes and
      in 103 specimens of biopsies. Our data indicate that P carinii can be
      consistently and reliably identified in the smears from bronchial washes, without
      lung tissue biopsy, thus sparing the patient the latter procedure if
      contraindications exist.

PMID- 3876455
TI  - [In vitro antimicrobial activity of various antibiotics against Haemophilus
      influenzae isolated from clinical specimens in 1983].
AB  - In vitro susceptibilities of 73 strains of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from
      clinical specimens in 1983 to various antibiotics were studied. The following
      antibiotics were evaluated; ampicillin (ABPC), piperacillin (PIPC), cefotaxime
      (CTX), cefoperazone (CPZ), ceftizoxime (CZX), cefmenoxime (CMX), latamoxef
      (LMOX), tetracycline (TC), doxycycline (DOXY), minocycline (MINO),
      chloramphenicol (CP) and erythromycin (EM). Susceptible strains to ABPC and PIPC
      with MICs less than 3 micrograms/ml were 80.3 and 84.1%, respectively. With this
      break point of MIC, all strains showed susceptibility to CPZ, CZX, and CMX, but
      resistant strains were observed in 1.5% against CTX and LMOX. Susceptible strains
      to TC, DOXY and MINO at MICs less than 2 micrograms/ml were 86.3, 80, and 87.7%,
      respectively. Those to CP at MICs less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml and to EM
      at MICs less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml were 86.2 and 71.9%.

PMID- 3876456
TI  - [Suppression of natural killer cell activity and interleukin 2 production by
      adherent mononuclear cells in a case with refractory anemia].

PMID- 3876457
TI  - [Stage IV T-cell lymphoma resulting in complete remission after recovery from
      acute renal failure by the effect of hemodialysis; case report].

PMID- 3876458
TI  - [Quantitative bioassay of human interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 activities].

PMID- 3876459
TI  - [Antinuclear antibodies].

PMID- 3876460
TI  - [Determination of surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells using flow cytometry.
      (II)].

PMID- 3876461
TI  - [Studies on effects of alpha-amylase inhibitor-X-2 substance on body weight (the
      second report)].

PMID- 3876462
TI  - Laser diffraction patterns during isometric and auxotonic contractions in frog
      skeletal muscle.
AB  - The changes in laser diffraction patterns during contraction of frog skeletal
      muscle are investigated under auxotonic as well as isometric conditions. Muscle
      fiber is connected to the double lever system of Huxley and Peachey's type so
      that the illuminated portion can be kept immobile during the muscle shortening.
      Under isometric conditions, the first order diffraction lines show rapid
      decreased in intensity at the start of contraction, but they stay at a nearly
      steady level during maintained tension. Meanwhile, noticeable changes in line
      width are not observed. The first order diffraction lines show further transient
      decrease in intensity at the onset of relaxation after the end of stimulation and
      then return almost to the initial resting state when relaxation is completed.
      These changes in diffraction lines are not obvious in sarcomeres longer than 3.3
      micrometers, where only small tensions are developed. If the muscle is allowed to
      shorten under auxotonic conditions, not only decrease in intensity but also
      expansion in width is observed. The possible origins of changes in diffraction
      lines are considered to be non-uniform activation in excitation-contraction
      coupling, in addition to the displacement, bending, or transformation of the
      diffractive gratings. The disordering of the sarcomere arrangements also
      contributes to the change in diffraction patterns during muscle shortening.

PMID- 3876463
TI  - [Three surgical cases of coronary artery disease associated with malignant
      tumors].

PMID- 3876464
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of an ISDN tape in patients with aorto-coronary bypass
      grafting].

PMID- 3876465
TI  - Lymphokine-activated killer cells: a new approach to immunotherapy of cancer.

PMID- 3876466
TI  - Immunohistologic analysis of the T-cell and macrophage infiltrate in 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumors in the rat.
AB  - The infiltrating mononuclear cell (MNC) type, and the localization of major
      histocompatability class I and class II antigens within 1,2-dimethylhydrazine
      (CAS: 540-73-8)-induced colonic tumors and normal colonic mucosa in WF/Hsd BR
      rats were investigated by immunoperoxidase staining of frozen sections with the
      use of monoclonal antibodies. Infiltrating T-cells stained with monoclonal
      antibodies W3/13, W3/25, and MRC OX 8; W3/13+ cells were predominant. The most
      numerous and consistently observed infiltrating cell type was an la antigen
      bearing (MRC OX 6+, MRC OX 17+) macrophage. A smaller subpopulation of
      macrophages, staining with W3/25, showed a similar distribution within tumors. In
      adenomas and in some well-differentiated adenocarcinomas, the infiltrating MNC
      were concentrated at the tumor periphery and were in close proximity to
      neoplastic epithelia, but without evidence of consequent tumor cell necrosis. In
      all other tumors, infiltrating host cells were confined to the connective tissue
      stroma dividing clusters of neoplastic glands. The extent of cellular
      infiltration and the phenotypes of infiltrating cells did not correlate with the
      degree of tumor differentiation or with tumor size. Expression of MHC class I
      antigens (MRC OX 18) by tumor cells did not differ from that of normal epithelia,
      and neoplastic epithelia were uniformly negative for class II antigens (MRC OX 6,
      MRC OX 17). The data do not support a role for cytotoxic macrophages or T-cells
      in the local response to colon tumors.

PMID- 3876467
TI  - [Radiologic diagnosis following implantation of an Ommaya reservoir (2)].

PMID- 3876468
TI  - [Clinico-immunological parallels in Raynaud's disease].

PMID- 3876469
TI  - [Immunological reactions in Raynaud's disease and syndrome].

PMID- 3876470
TI  - [Complications following surgical treatment of Budd-Chiari disease].

PMID- 3876471
TI  - [Esophago-gastric hemorrhage in the extrahepatic form of portal hypertension in
      children].

PMID- 3876472
TI  - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhages in children with extrahepatic blockade of portal
      circulation].

PMID- 3876473
TI  - [Drug treatment of inflammatory and infectious endogenous inflammations of the
      eye].
AB  - In many cases antibiotic treatment is indicated; steroids are not always needed.
      In special cases of uveitis (Behcet's syndrome, sympathetic ophthalmia, anterior
      uveitis in children with JRA) cytostatic treatment seems justified. Inflammations
      of the optic disk and nerve require very extensive diagnostic evaluation. Medical
      treatment is usually limited to steroids, administered systemically and locally;
      however, its efficacy is still a matter of debate.

PMID- 3876474
TI  - [An oculoglandular syndrome and ophthalmia nodosa].
AB  - A case of ophthalmia nodosa associated with an oculoglandular syndrome is
      described. The patient, scratched by a cat six-and-a-half months earlier,
      presented a positive cat-scratch disease antigen test. The possibility that the
      oculoglandular syndrome is due to the reactivation of a latent virus, the cause
      of cat-scratch disease, is discussed.

PMID- 3876475
TI  - [Use of a needle-sling during removal of subluxated lens].

PMID- 3876476
TI  - HLA and lymphocyte receptors for gliadin peptides.
AB  - Coeliac disease is associated with the HLA Class I antigens A1 and B8 as well as
      with Class II antigens D/DR3, 7 and DC3. Class I antigens are important in the
      process of self recognition, guiding the cytolytic action of T killer cells,
      whereas Class II antigens are thought to regulate the functions of T helper and
      suppressor lymphocytes, and may be have a role in the intracellular transport of
      foreign macromolecules. Gliadin fractions were observed to adhere to the surface
      of B lymphocytes of patients with coeliac disease. The phenomenon was independent
      of the HLA antigen status (A, B, C, DR) of the patients, suggesting that the
      receptor for gliadin on the B cell surface is a yet unidentified B cell surface
      marker.

PMID- 3876477
TI  - Concepts in coeliac disease: is there a receptor for gliadin?
AB  - Genetic, biochemical and immunological theories have added to our knowledge of
      coeliac pathogenesis. There are new data, however sparse, to support a unifying
      pathogenetic concept, namely the hypothesis of a glycoprotein specific cellular
      receptor for gliadin on lymphocytes and enterocytes.

PMID- 3876478
TI  - [New Soviet hemostatic and angioprotective preparation ethamsylate].

PMID- 3876479
TI  - [Case of abdominal typhus with multiple complications].

PMID- 3876480
TI  - [T- and B lymphocyte number in patients with thermal burns].

PMID- 3876481
TI  - Early diagnosis of experimental necrotizing enterocolitis using proton nuclear
      magnetic resonance.
AB  - The purpose of this study was (1) to confirm an experimental model of
      aminophylline-induced necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC); and (2) to determine
      whether nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging, based upon proton relaxation
      values (T1, T2), could detect NEC during its early pathogenesis. Sixty male
      weanling Lewis rats (avg wt = 75 g) were randomly assigned to one of three
      experimental groups: (A) superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion (1 min) +
      aminophylline treatment (40 mg/kg); (B) SMA occlusion; and (C) sham midline
      laparotomy (control). All surviving animals were sacrificed at 48 hr
      postoperation and a specimen of ileum was removed for light microscopy (LM),
      electron microscopy (EM), and NMR analysis. Percentage water content was
      determined for representative specimens. Mortality occurred only in experimental
      group A animals (18.2%; P less than 0.05), who had received aminophylline.
      Microscopy of ileum from sacrificed animals of this group showed changes ranging
      from mild cellular disruption to severe hemorrhagic necrosis. Early
      ultrastructural changes consistent with NEC were detectable with EM before LM.
      Proton relaxation results obtained with NMR showed significant prolongation of T1
      (252.5 +/- 4.4 msecs; P less than 0.001) and T2 (69.3 +/- 1.4 msecs; P less than
      0.025) during the first stages of NEC. NMR may indeed enable early, safe
      diagnostic imaging of NEC in infants receiving aminophylline, or those who are
      otherwise at increased risk for development of this disease.

PMID- 3876482
TI  - Postinfarction angina: an expanding subset of patients undergoing coronary artery
      bypass.
AB  - An analysis of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass for unstable
      postinfarction angina (less than or equal to 30 days of infarct) during two time
      periods was undertaken: Group I, January, 1982, through December, 1982; Group II,
      September, 1983, through August, 1984. Clinical, angiographic, and operative data
      were coded, and statistical analysis was used to compare the two patient groups,
      evaluate operative results, and identify risk factors. The incidence of unstable
      postinfarction angina as an indication for bypass grafting increased
      significantly (p less than 0.01) from the first to the second time frame, 8.7%
      (24/276) to 18% (51/283). A greater proportion of Group II patients were operated
      upon within 7 days of infarct (37% versus 21%, p less than 0.01). All other
      variables examined were similar in the two patient groups. Analysis of the
      combined Group I and II patients (N = 75) indicates the following: The ratio of
      transmural to nontransmural infarction was 39%/61%, and 39% of patients had a
      previous infarction. Three-vessel disease was present in 76%, two-vessel in 21%,
      one-vessel in 3%, and left main disease in 20%. Left ventricular ejection
      fraction was greater than or equal to 40% in 27% of patients, less than 40% in
      32%, and not obtained in 41%. Mean left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was
      19.5 mm Hg. Intra-aortic balloon pumping was necessary preoperatively in 39%. The
      mean interval from infarction to revascularization was 12 days, and the mean
      number of grafts was 3.1 (range one to six). The overall in-hospital mortality
      was 8% (6/75). Statistical analysis demonstrated that decreased ejection fraction
      was associated with an increased risk of mortality. No other variables were
      correlated with mortality. Mean follow-up for the combined Group I and II
      patients is 13 months (range 4 to 32). Ninety percent of survivors remain in
      Canadian Heart Association Functional Class I and 6% in Class II. No late deaths
      have occurred. Patients with unstable postinfarction angina constitute an ever
      increasing subset of the coronary bypass population of the 1980s. Operation can
      be performed with a satisfactory mortality and excellent long-term outlook
      compared to less acceptable published results with medical management alone.
      Preoperative left ventricular function constitutes the major indicator of
      operative risk.

PMID- 3876483
TI  - The Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). A critical appraisal.
AB  - The applicability of the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) to clinical
      practice is seriously hampered by the following findings. (1) The CASS randomized
      study applies to only a small minority of patients with coronary artery disease.
      Attempts to extend the conclusions of CASS to the vast majority of patients with
      coronary artery disease are unjustified. (2) The high percentage of crossover of
      the medical group made it impossible for CASS to accomplish its primary goal of
      contrasting medical and surgical treatment. (3) Despite the fact that crossover
      of medically assigned patients created a bias against surgical treatment, the
      observed mortality in the surgical group was still 31% lower than that in the
      medical group. (4) The failure of CASS to find this difference to be
      statistically significant must take into account the fact that the statistical
      power of CASS was so low that a real difference was likely to be overlooked. (5)
      The conclusion that patients similar to those in the study may safely defer
      operation is unwarranted and violates the principles of prospective study design.
      In addition, CASS failed to address the possibility that deferring operation may
      compromise long-term survival.

PMID- 3876484
TI  - Experimental acute right ventricular failure and right ventricular assist in the
      dog.
AB  - We describe a technique for the production of acute progressive right ventricular
      failure in experimental animals that mimics the hemodynamic characteristics of
      right ventricular failure found in some patients being weaned from extracorporeal
      circulation after surgical repair of left ventricular abnormalities. The
      technique combines three alterations of right ventricular state: excision of the
      tricuspid valve, ventriculotomy, and ligation of the right coronary artery. Seven
      control dogs died within 3 hours after this intervention. Death was due to low
      cardiac output as a result of low left atrial and pulmonary arterial pressures.
      Right atrial pressure was high. Use of a right ventricular assist device in an
      additional seven dogs to pump blood from the right atrium to the pulmonary artery
      confirmed good preservation of left ventricular function by reestablishing
      adequate left ventricular filling pressure. All seven dogs survived for more than
      3 hours. The validity of the technique in restricting failure principally to the
      right ventricle was thus demonstrated.

PMID- 3876485
TI  - Postoperative temperatures and ventricular function.

PMID- 3876486
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with myocardial infarction. Diagnosis and
      surgical processes].

PMID- 3876487
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with myocardial infarction. Keypoints in
      the observation of patients undergoing surgical therapy].

PMID- 3876488
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with myocardial infarction. Nursing plans
      for patients undergoing surgical therapy].

PMID- 3876489
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with myocardial infarction. Nursing of a
      patient who postponed the surgical procedure until retirement].

PMID- 3876490
TI  - Phorbol myristate acetate-protein complex mimics bioactivity of human IL-1. 1.
      Direct evidence that PMA temporarily enters and is released from cellular
      compartment during superinduction protocol.
AB  - The K-562 cell line was treated with the superinduction protocol involving
      phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) for production of human interleukin 1 (IL-1). The
      resultant dialyzed K-562 superinduced supernatants contained potent IL-1-like
      activity when tested in 4 bioassays for IL-1. However, these K-562 SIS failed to
      induce fever in rabbits, the IL-1 like activity was not inhibited by an anti
      human IL-1 antiserum in the murine thymocyte (LAF) assay, and the IL-1-like
      activity did not adhere to a specific immunoadsorbent column. Together with
      recent evidence that PMA may contaminate supernatants produced by the
      superinduction protocol and can mimic IL-1 bioactivity (9,10), the results of
      these novel methods suggested that IL-1 was not the bioactive moiety in K-562
      SIS. To further examine the source of K-562 SIS IL-1-like activity, the active K
      562 SIS were fractionated over Sephadex G-50, and the large molecular weight
      component (approximately 50,000) was found to express potent LAF activity yet
      remained nonpyrogenic. 3H-PMA was added to the superinduction protocol as a
      tracer for PMA migration. The 3H-PMA provided new and direct evidence that PMA
      adhered to or entered K-562 cells and adhered to plastic culture flasks during
      the serum free wash steps of the superinduction, and that PMA was released by K
      562 cells into the serum containing supernatants during the incubation phase of
      the protocol. A 3H-PMA component of K-562 SIS co-migrated on gel filtration with
      the large molecular weight proteins which expressed LAF activity, and is a
      nondialyzable contaminant of superinduction supernatants. This PMA/protein
      complex is the main and perhaps the sole mediator of four distinct biological
      activities ascribed to IL-1.

PMID- 3876491
TI  - A rapid extremely sensitive, quantitative microassay for cytotoxic cytokines.
AB  - Pretreatment of the murine mammary adenocarcinoma cell line, EMT-6, with low
      levels (0.8-1.2 micrograms/ml) of actinomycin D, prior to incubation with a
      spectrum of cytotoxic cytokines, converted this target from marked resistance to
      extreme sensitivity. The drug-treated EMT-6 was from 5-50 fold more sensitive to
      cytokine attack than the widely used actinomycin D-treated murine L-929 target.
      Drug-induced growth inhibition allowed evaluation solely of the cytolytic effects
      of these cytokines. Lysis was evaluated after a 16-24 hr incubation by the uptake
      by viable cells of neutral red or by their reduction of [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2
      yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide]. This microcytotoxicity assay should
      facilitate purification and characterization of cytotoxic cytokines, the
      purification of their mRNAs in translation systems and the detection of the
      expression of their encoding genes.

PMID- 3876492
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against unglycosylated recombinant interleukin 2.
AB  - We report the characterization of two monoclonal antibodies (mab) directed
      against unglycosylated human IL2. Mice were immunized with recombinant IL2 (rIL2)
      and two of the hybridomas obtained (referred to as 15.2 and 17.2) were selected
      for further analysis. Both 15.2 and 17.2 antibodies bound to recombinant IL2 and
      weakly to natural IL2 in an enzyme linked immuno assay (ELISA). Both antibodies
      were very efficient in retaining rIL2 on affinity columns with a yield of 95%
      purified material after acid elution. In high concentrations both mabs strongly
      inhibited the growth of CTLL-2 cells induced by the immunizing-rIL2, while the
      growth of CTLL-2 cells in the presence of natural-IL2 was only slightly
      inhibited. Neither mab blocked the effect of rat IL2 in this test. Both mabs were
      used in an immuno-radiometric assay (IRMA) to quantify recombinant IL2. Cross
      inhibition experiments performed in this last assay indicate that the two mabs
      recognize two different epitopes on the recombinant IL2 molecule.

PMID- 3876493
TI  - How relevant are growth and maturation factors to the B lymphocyte response
      induced by LPS?
AB  - For the purpose of arriving at a unifying concept concerning the mechanisms in
      control of B lymphocyte responses, LPS or anti-lg receptor antibodies have
      conveniently served as substitutes for antigen. We report that the proliferative
      B cell responses in serum protein free medium to each of these polyclonal
      activators differ in the requirement for B cell growth factors (BCGF). Murine B
      lymphocytes which were prestimulated with anti-lg (Fab')2 antibody could readily
      be induced by semipurified BCGF (containing some IL2 activity) to incorporate
      thymidine. In contrast, B lymphocytes which were prestimulated with LPS failed to
      respond to BCGF, but could be restimulated by LPS. We have also shown that the
      dependence on B cell maturation factors of antigen affinity enriched B
      lymphocytes to develop into antibody forming cells (AFC) in response to LPS,
      depends on the antigen for which they were selected. B cells that have been
      affinity enriched with chicken red blood cells (CRBC) and stimulated by LPS to
      proliferate require maturation factors in order to generate a CRBC specific IgM
      response. In contrast, B cells that have been affinity enriched for TNP may be
      induced by LPS alone to generate TNP specific AFC independent of maturation
      factors. The results question the general validity of theoretical concepts
      concerning the role of lymphokines in B cell triggering, where such concepts are
      derived from experiments with LPS-activated B cells.

PMID- 3876495
TI  - [Growth and differentiation of B-lymphocytes].

PMID- 3876494
TI  - Monocyte chemotactic responsiveness triggered by Lymphocyte-Derived Chemotactic
      Factor in aged donors. Definitive report.
AB  - Monocyte chemotactic responsiveness triggered by autologous Lymphocyte-Derived
      Chemotactic Factor (LDCF) has been evaluated in a group of aged donors. LDCF
      obtained from Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes (PBL) supplemented with varying
      numbers of monocytes from aged donors gave a lower chemotactic response when
      compared to young donors. Moreover, when cell suspensions were pretreated with
      indomethacin (INDO) before LDCF production, an enhancement of LDCF-induced
      chemotaxis was observed in old individuals, this implying a prostaglandin
      mediated suppression on LDCF release in the elderly. This lymphokine seems to be
      produced by T cells and, above all, OKT8+ cells, whose frequency is lower in
      aging. Interestingly, LDCF obtained from OKT8+ enriched cells supplemented with
      autologous monocytes induced in aged donors a chemotactic activity comparable to
      that observed in young subjects. These data suggest that the lower frequency of
      OKT8+ cells in the aging may play a key role in the impairment of LDCF-mediated
      monocyte chemotaxis.

PMID- 3876496
TI  - Sudden hearing loss and cerebellopontine angle tumors.
AB  - Lesions of the cerebellopontine angle may cause a sudden hearing loss. To
      illustrate and reaffirm the importance of a thorough neurotologic evaluation we
      performed a retrospective review of the audiologic and clinical data available on
      506 patients with proven lesions of the cerebellopontine angle. Seventy-seven
      patients (15.2%) were found to have a history commensurate with sudden hearing
      loss. We reviewed the relevant audiologic data as well as the clinical
      circumstances of this select patient population.

PMID- 3876497
TI  - Laryngeal pacemaker. II. Electronic pacing of reinnervated posterior
      cricoarytenoid muscles in the canine.
AB  - A fully reliable means of rehabilitating patients with bilateral vocal cord
      paralysis has not yet been developed. In order to improve upon existing solutions
      to this problem, the authors have recently described a laryngeal pacemaker,
      initially tested through stimulation of a cross-over nerve-muscle pedicle from
      one sternohyoid muscle to the other in the canine. Afferent stimuli, initiated
      through elongation of the airway during inspiration, were detected by a linear
      strain gauge sutured to the tracheal rings and appropriately amplified. The
      current report deals with the application of this concept to pace a nerve-muscle
      pedicle reinnervating the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. Videoscopic and
      cinematographic documentation of electrically paced abduction of the reinnervated
      vocal fold, synchronous with inspiration, was clearly demonstrated. Only
      miniaturization of an implantable electronic amplifier remains to permit an
      attempt at pacing of the paralyzed larynx in humans.

PMID- 3876498
TI  - Central projections of primary vestibular fibers in the bullfrog. II. Nerve
      branches from individual receptors.
AB  - The fibers from the nerves innervating each of the three semicircular canals and
      the saccule were labeled by injecting horseradish peroxidase extracellularly into
      these nerves. The projections into the various vestibular nuclei of each receptor
      were studied in transverse sections of the brain stem throughout the vestibular
      nuclear area. All five vestibular nuclei receive primary afferents throughout
      their areas. There are differences in the projection patterns of the canals. In
      the superior and ventral vestibular nuclei, the location of the projections
      depends on the crista injected. The anterior canal projects ventrally, the
      horizontal canal centrally, and the posterior canal more dorsally. Each canal,
      however, sends fibers to all areas, with overlap of fibers from the different
      cristae. The cerebellar nucleus receives uniform innervation from the three
      canals. The medial vestibular nucleus in the rostral and caudal areas receives
      only thin fibers from each canal, with considerable overlap. The descending
      nucleus in the rostral and caudal areas receives innervation from the cristae,
      also with considerable overlap, but with greater intensity in the ventral part of
      the caudal portion of the nucleus. Each crista sends fibers to the cerebellar
      granular layer and to the base of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer. These
      fibers also innervate the reticular formation below the entry zone of the eighth
      nerve. The saccule innervates both the dorsal (acoustic) and the ventral nuclei,
      the latter in the most dorsal position. The innervation of the utricle could be
      ascertained only in the middle section of the descending and the medial nuclei,
      an area which does not receive significant innervation from the cristae. Primary
      afferent fibers course in the vestibular tract, forming a longitudinal bundle
      lateral to the vestibular nuclei. In the bundle the larger fibers are medially
      situated.

PMID- 3876499
TI  - Gastrointestinal secretory, motor and circulatory effects of corticotropin
      releasing factor (CRF).
AB  - This study was designed to determine the effects of CRF on the gastrointestinal
      functions such as secretion, motility and circulation in dogs. CRF was found to
      inhibit dose-dependently gastric acid response to pentagastrin but not to
      histamine. CRF stimulated pancreatic bicarbonate and protein secretion under
      basal conditions and in response to secretin or cholecystokinin (CCK). This
      stimulation was accompanied by an increase in plasma levels of pancreatic
      polypeptide (PP), but not of secretin or gastrin. CRF caused a partial inhibition
      of the migrating motor complexes in fasted dogs and increased spike activity of
      the small bowel. These motor effects of CRF probably resulted from the action of
      the released PP on the intestinal smooth muscle. CRF is also a potent and
      selective stimulant of the mesenteric blood flow. This effect may be secondary to
      the stimulation of intestinal motility and metabolism.

PMID- 3876500
TI  - Comparative behavioral, biochemical and pigmentary effects of MPTP, MPP+ and
      paraquat in Rana pipiens.
AB  - We demonstrate that injections of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetra-hydropyridine
      (MPTP), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+) and Paraquat (PQ+) produce in
      Rana Pipiens different behavioral, biochemical and skin pigmentation changes.
      MPTP causes in frogs the main symptoms of Parkinsonism (rigidity, akinesia and
      tremor) and it darkens the skin of animals. It also decreases brain and, less so,
      adrenal medulla dopamine. These effects are blocked by Pargyline. MPP+ causes the
      same symptoms but more rapidly. In contrast, skin pigmentation is clearly
      lightened. Brain and particularly adrenal dopamine reserves are nearly abolished.
      Pargyline increases these effects. Paraquat, in a cumulative fashion, eventually
      causes the same behavioral changes and a slight increase in pigmentation. It
      initially produces an increase in brain and adrenal dopamine concentrations, but
      later a significant dopamine concentration decrease. Pargyline potentiates these
      long term effects, blocks the dopamine increase, but reverses the PQ+ effect upon
      melanin, producing the same depigmentation as MPP+ alone.

PMID- 3876501
TI  - Immune mechanisms for hepatic fibrogenesis. T-lymphocyte-mediated stimulation of
      fibroblast collagen production in chronic active hepatitis.
AB  - Lymphocytes can produce soluble factors capable of enhancing fibroblast
      proliferation and collagen synthesis. T-lymphocytes, adherent cells and
      undifferentiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with HBsAg
      positive chronic active hepatitis and from HBsAg healthy carriers were triggered
      with purified HBsAg and tested for their ability to enhance collagen production
      by human dermal fibroblast cultures. Purified HBsAg did not induce any
      proliferative response in the mononuclear cell cultures. Addition of patient T
      lymphocyte supernates to monolayers of fibroblast consistently resulted in a
      significant enhancement of collagen production. On the contrary, supernates
      harvested from adherent cell cultures did not demonstrate any stimulatory
      activity. We therefore assumed that the observed enhancement of collagen
      production was probably the result of lymphokine(s) produced by T-lymphocytes.
      This fibrogenic factor (or factors), which is released by T-cells independently
      of the presence in vitro of HBsAg, is stable at -80 degrees C, not dialyzable
      and, by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, is present in a fraction which collects
      substances of a molecular weight between 50 000 and 100 000. Mononuclear cell
      supernates from HBsAg healthy carriers did not influence fibroblast collagen
      accumulation. These data emphasize the possible role that lymphokines may play in
      the pathogenesis of fibrosis during the natural history of chronic liver disease.

PMID- 3876502
TI  - Neonatal tolerance increases efficacy of antisera production.
AB  - In this investigation we demonstrate that neonatal tolerance can be used to
      increase the specificity of antisera. We have shown that if mice are immunized
      with a human B cell line then the antisera they produce also reacts strongly with
      human T cells. However, if the mice are first neonatally tolerized to a human T
      cell line and then immunized with the B cell line the antisera becomes much more
      specific for the B cell line. In theory this approach, of initially tolerizing
      the animal to uninteresting antigens, may also make it possible to produce
      monoclonal antibodies to rare cellular determinants more efficiently.

PMID- 3876503
TI  - Binding of complement component C1q by rat adipocyte membranes.
AB  - Human C1q was found to bind to rat adipocyte membranes with an affinity
      comparable to that for aggregated immunoglobulin. The binding was ionic strength
      dependent, and modification of arginyl and histidyl residues in C1q abrogated its
      binding activity. Treatment of the adipocyte membranes with either high ionic
      strength buffers, EDTA or trypsin had little effect on their C1q-binding
      activity.

PMID- 3876504
TI  - Early protein synthesis in activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
AB  - Though B-cell division and Ig synthesis in response to pokeweed mitogen (PWM)
      require interaction with T-cells and monocytes, it is not clear which earlier
      events in B-cell activation share this requirement, and which are the result of
      direct interaction of mitogen with the B-cell. Having previously shown that the
      acceleration of lecithin synthesis in human B-cells at 16-20 hr requires both T
      cells and monocytes, we now examine whether B-cells require similar interactions
      to increase their protein synthetic rate, another important activation event. At
      21-24 hr of PWM stimulation, the stimulation index (SI) for incorporation of
      [35S]methionine into protein was 2.1 +/- 0.4 for unfractionated cells, 1.7 +/-
      0.1 for B-cells, 2.5 +/- 0.1 for T-cells, and 3.4 +/- 0.5 for monocytes. Thus
      monocytes contributed substantially to early mitogen-induced protein synthesis by
      human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. When the monocyte/B-cell fraction (MB)
      and T-cell fraction (T) were mixed at various ratios in PWM-stimulated cultures,
      synergy was apparent at MB:T ratios of 1:1 and 1:2, indicating cell interactions
      augmented early mitogen-driven protein synthesis in at least one of these cell
      types. However, much or all of this synergy could be attributed to T-cells, whose
      protein synthetic response was augmented by B-cells and monocytes. In contrast,
      the early increase in B-cell protein synthesis appeared to be independent of cell
      interactions, since their SI of 1.7 was not influenced by varying the proportion
      of M- or T-cells over a 50-fold range. These contrasting results between two
      contemporary events fits the hypothesis that one (accelerated phospholipid
      synthesis) requires a first signal plus one or more cell interaction signals,
      whereas the other (accelerated protein synthesis) requires only the first signal.

PMID- 3876505
TI  - [Clinical significance of non-renal elimination mechanisms of methotrexate
      (MTX)].
AB  - Biliary MTX levels in one patient undergoing intermediate dose MTX therapy (500
      mg/m2) were measured by HPLC. At the end of the 24 h infusion period they were
      found in the range of the corresponding serum levels. In one other patients
      undergoing high-dose MTX therapy (12 g/m2) MTX serum levels in the slow
      elimination phase were lowered by orally applicated cholestyramine. In one
      further patient who developed renal failure under high-dose MTX therapy total
      body clearance of MTX could be markedly improved by cholestyramine per os. The
      data presented, suggesting an appreciable biliary secretion of the drug in man,
      are discussed in view of the current concepts of enterohepatic circulation of
      MTX.

PMID- 3876506
TI  - Anti-major histocompatibility complex immunity detected prior to intentional
      alloimmunization. I. Naturally occurring H-2-specific antibodies in C57BL/KaLwRij
      (H-2b) mice.
AB  - Naturally occurring, H-2-specific, lymphocytotoxic antibodies were detected in 3
      10% of young adult and in 10-40% of aged C57BL/KaLwRij (H-2b) mice. The
      antibodies were of the IgM class and occurred in low titers, but occasionally a
      high titer was found. The antibodies detected public lymphocyte-membrane antigens
      controlled by genes identical with, or closely linked to class-I H-2K and H-2D
      genes. Antibodies against 7 different allogeneic H-2 haplotypes were detected but
      sera of individual mice exerted different reaction patterns and some
      specificities occurred more frequently than others. Although the occurrence of
      the antibodies was age dependent, thymus involution, gammapathies, autoimmunity,
      the presence of other natural lymphocyte-specific antibodies, and polyclonal or
      nonspecific stimulation could not be related to the occurrence of natural H-2
      specific antibodies. Several possible explanations of natural H-2-specific
      antibodies exist. We propose that determinants of complex altered self-MHC (MHC +
      X) antigen(s) triggered the production of H-2-restricted antibodies that
      recognize H-2-public determinants on normal allogeneic cells.

PMID- 3876507
TI  - In vivo mutant frequency rises among breast cancer patients after exposure to
      high doses of gamma-radiation.
AB  - Human in vivo mutant frequencies can be measured by cloning freshly isolated
      lymphocytes in selective media containing 6-thioguanine (TG). This method was
      applied to monitoring environmental mutagenesis, by studying lymphocytes
      separated from peripheral blood of 12 cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.
      Before therapy, cancer patients had an average 8.6 X 10(-6) mutants/cell,
      compared to 2.4 X 10(-6) mutants/cell for heart patients and 1.1 X 10(-6)
      mutants/cell for healthy controls. After exposure of cancer patients to 50 Gy of
      gamma-radiation delivered to the treated area, or an estimated 4 Gy received by
      each lymphocyte, patients averaged 36.8 X 10(-6) mutants/viable cell.

PMID- 3876508
TI  - The clinical syndrome of striatal dopamine deficiency: parkinsonism induced by
      MPTP.

PMID- 3876509
TI  - Predicting Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 3876510
TI  - Positron emission tomography after MPTP: observations relating to the cause of
      Parkinson's disease.
AB  - The dopa analogue 6-fluorodopa (6-FD) used with positron emission tomography
      (PET) allows in vivo visualization of dopamine and its metabolites in
      nigrostriatal nerve endings. We have now found abnormal 6-FD scans in four
      subjects exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). None had
      parkinsonism. The results suggest subclinical damage to the nigrostriatal
      pathway. This is the first direct evidence that dopaminergic impairment can exist
      without clinical deficits. Here we discuss this finding in the context of the
      hypothesis that Parkinson's disease may stem from clinically silent damage to the
      substantia nigra, followed by slow attrition of neurones in this region because
      of its particular vulnerability to cell loss as a normal consequence of ageing.

PMID- 3876511
TI  - Growth control of activated, synchronized murine B cells by the C3d fragment of
      human complement.
AB  - Three restriction points control the cell cycle of activated B lymphocytes. The
      first occurs directly after mitosis and is controlled by the occupancy of surface
      bound immunoglobulin. The second is observed approximately 4 h after mitosis in
      the G1 phase of the cycle, that is, before DNA replication, and is controlled by
      growth factors that are produced by macrophages which we have previously
      classified as alpha-type factors. The third restriction point occurs in the G2
      phase, 2-4 h before mitosis, and is controlled by beta-type growth factors
      probably produced by helper T lymphocytes. The third component of complement, C3,
      has long been implicated in the control of B-cell responses. C3 is secreted by
      monocytes and macrophages. We have found recently that crosslinked, but not
      soluble, human C3 stimulates activated, but not resting, murine B cells to
      thymidine uptake. Here we investigate the role of C3b and C3d in the progression
      of the cell cycle of activated, synchronized murine B cells. We find that
      crosslinked C3d replaces the action of alpha-factors within the cell cycle of
      these cells and allows entry into S phase. In contrast, soluble C3d inhibits the
      action of alpha-factors. This implies that a C3d-specific receptor, probably the
      murine analogue to the human complement receptor CR2, is a growth factor receptor
      on activated B cells that will give the cell a growth-positive signal when it is
      crosslinked, while occupancy by the soluble form of C3d will result in inhibition
      of the action of alpha-factors or of crosslinked C3b or C3d. A stretch of weak
      homology between the cDNA sequence of murine C3d and those of murine growth
      factors indicates that an insulin-like growth factor could be the active
      principle of C3d that controls the cell cycle of activated B cells.

PMID- 3876512
TI  - Associations in T-cell activation.

PMID- 3876513
TI  - Binding of immunogenic peptides to Ia histocompatibility molecules.
AB  - Most cellular interactions essential for the development of an immune response
      involve the membrane glycoproteins encoded in the major histocompatibility gene
      complex. The products of the I region, the class II histocompatibility molecules
      (Ia molecules), are essential for accessory cells such as macrophages to present
      polypeptide antigens to helper T cells. This interaction, antigen presentation,
      is needed for T-cell recognition of the antigen and its consequent activation.
      How the Ia molecules regulate the immune response during antigen presentation is
      not known, although it is commonly thought to result from their association with
      the presented antigen. Recent studies, including the elucidation of the structure
      of the T-cell receptor, favour recognition of a single structure, an antigen-Ia
      complex. Here we report attempts to determine whether purified Ia glycoproteins
      have an affinity for polypeptide antigens presented by intact cells in an Ia
      restricted manner. We first identified the epitope of a peptide antigen involved
      in presentation. Several laboratories have shown that globular proteins are
      altered (processed) in intracellular vesicles of the antigen-presenting cell
      before antigen presentation. A major component of the T-cell response is directed
      toward determinants found in the unfolded or denatured molecule, and our
      laboratory has shown that the determinant of the hen-egg lysozyme protein (HEL),
      presented in H-2k mice to T cells, is a sequence of only 10 amino acids. This
      portion resides in an area of the native molecule partially buried inside the
      molecule, in a beta-sheet conformation. To be presented, intact or native HEL
      must first be processed in acidic intracellular vesicles. Having isolated the
      peptide responsible for T-cell recognition of HEL, we sought a physical
      association of this peptide with purified, detergent-solubilized I-Ak molecules
      from B-hybridoma cells. We have found such an association, which may explain the
      role of the Ia glycoproteins in cellular interactions.

PMID- 3876514
TI  - Breakpoints in the human T-cell antigen receptor alpha-chain locus in two T-cell
      leukaemia patients with chromosomal translocations.
AB  - Specific chromosomal translocations have been observed in several human and
      animal tumours and are believed to be important in tumorigenesis. In many of
      these translocations the breakpoints lie near cellular homologues of transforming
      genes, suggesting that tumour development is partly due to the activation of
      these genes. The best-characterized example of such a translocation occurs in
      mouse plasmacytoma and human B-cell lymphoma, where c-myc, the cellular homologue
      of the viral oncogene myc, is brought into close proximity with either the light-
      or heavy-chain genes of the immunoglobulin loci, resulting in a change in the
      regulation of the myc gene. T-cell malignancies also have characteristic
      chromosomal abnormalities, many of which seem to involve the 14q11-14q13 region.
      This region has recently been found to contain the alpha-chain genes of the human
      T-cell antigen receptor. Here we determine more precisely the chromosome
      breakpoints in two patients whose leukaemic T cells contain reciprocal
      translocations between 11p13 and 14q13. Segregation analysis of somatic cell
      hybrids demonstrates that in both patients the breakpoints occur between the
      variable (V) and constant (C) region genes of the T-cell receptor alpha-chain
      locus, resulting in the translocation of the C-region gene from chromosome 14 to
      chromosome 11. As the 11p13 locus has been implicated in the development of
      Wilms' tumour, it is possible that either the Wilms' tumour gene or a yet
      unidentified gene in this region is involved in tumorigenesis and is altered as a
      result of its translocation into the T-cell receptor alpha-chain locus.

PMID- 3876515
TI  - [Peroperative endoscopy: indications and results in 17 patients].

PMID- 3876516
TI  - Osteocalcin: a vitamin K-dependent protein in bone.

PMID- 3876517
TI  - Studies of vascular permeability factor derived from T lymphocytes and inhibitory
      effect of plasma on its production in minimal change nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - Peripheral T lymphocytes from patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome
      (MCNS) and controls were treated for their ability to produce vascular
      permeability factors (VPF) without concanavalin A stimulation. In vitro cultures
      of T lymphocytes from active MCNS produced VPF in the supernatant, whereas T
      lymphocytes from inactive MCNS or normal subjects did not. Furthermore, the
      plasma from patients with active MCNS markedly inhibited VPF production when
      compared with plasma taken from inactive MCNS or fetal calf serum alone. However,
      the plasma from MCNS in neither the active nor the inactive stage had any direct
      blocking effect on VPF activity. These results seem to suggest that the plasma
      from patients with MCNS in the active stage inhibits VPF production, but does not
      neutralize T lymphocytes derived VPF activity.

PMID- 3876518
TI  - [A case of normotensive hydrocephalus without clinical symptoms].
AB  - In a 26-year-old man hospitalized for suspected epilepsy internal hydrocephalus
      was found with developmental anomalies of the ventricular system. Radioisotope
      cisternography demonstrated ventricular reflux typical of Hakim's syndrome. No
      signs of this syndrome were, however, present at the time of this investigation
      and during 5 years of follow-up. It is possible that the pathological result of
      radioisotope cisternography was due to developmental anomalies of the ventricular
      system.

PMID- 3876519
TI  - Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of ovine corticotropin
      releasing factor (CRF 1-41) on passive avoidance behaviour: lack of influence on
      monoamine contents of limbic brain areas.
AB  - The effects of intracerebroventricular administration of synthetic ovine
      corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF 1-41) have been investigated on the retention
      of passive avoidance behaviour, and on the dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin
      contents of the hypothalamus, mesencephalon, amygdala, septum and striatum, as
      well as on the plasma corticosterone levels of hypophysectomized and sham
      operated rats. Treatment with CRF 1-41 20 min before the first retention test, 24
      hours after the learning trial, significantly facilitated the passive avoidance
      behaviour of hypophysectomized animals in a dose-dependent manner. No effect was
      found in sham-operated rats. No significant effects of a wide dose range of
      intracerebroventricularly injected CRF on the monoamine contents of limbic brain
      structures were detected. However, the same doses of CRF 1-41 increased the
      plasma corticosterone level in sham-operated rats. The data suggest that the
      release of CRF from neurons in the limbic system does not alter the monoamine
      contents in this system, although this peptide facilitates the retention of the
      passive avoidance behaviour of hypophysectomized rats.

PMID- 3876520
TI  - Reversible and non-reversible enlargement of cerebrospinal fluid spaces in
      anorexia nervosa.
AB  - Brain CT studies of 35 patients with anorexia nervosa confirmed the observations
      of other authors: cerebral dystrophic changes correlate with weight loss and the
      reversibility of these changes also correlates with the normalization of body
      weight. Other corroborated facts are: the most numerous and most pronounced
      enlargements are of the cortical sulci and the interhemispheric fissure, moderate
      widening affects the ventricles and the rarest and most insignificant changes are
      those of the cerebellum. The reversibility of the changes showed a parallel to
      the extent of the changes themselves and to the duration of improvement of the
      body weight. The reversibility of the enlargement of the cortical sulci and of
      the distances between the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles was more often
      significant than that of the abnormal measurements of the cella media. This
      difference is based on minimal early acquired brain damage which occurs in 60% of
      our patients. This high incidence of early acquired minimal brain disease in
      patients with anorexia nervosa is here discussed as a nonspecific predisposing
      factor. Although there is no exact explanation of the etiology of the reversible
      enlargement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces in anorexia nervosa, the changes
      resemble those in alcoholics. The mechanisms of brain changes in alcoholism, as
      shown experimentally, seem to us to throw light on the probable mechanism of
      reversible dystrophic brain changes in anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 3876521
TI  - Modifications of adrenocortical responses following frontal cortex simulation in
      rats with hypothalamic deafferentations and medial forebrain bundle lesions.
AB  - With the purpose of delineating the neural pathways in the rat which mediate
      adrenocortical responses following frontal cortex stimulation, the effects of
      partial hypothalamic deafferentations and medial forebrain bundle lesion were
      studied. In intact and sham-operated animals, cortical stimulation through
      permanently implanted electrodes caused a significant increase in plasma
      corticosterone levels. In rats with anterior hypothalamic deafferentation and
      bilateral medial forebrain bundle lesions the adrenal response to cortical
      stimulation was blocked completely, while in animals with posterior hypothalamic
      deafferentation there occurred a normal rise in plasma corticosterone. These
      studies demonstrate that the frontal cortex effects on adrenocortical secretion
      are neurally mediated and involve an anterior hypothalamic input, more
      specifically the medial forebrain bundle.

PMID- 3876522
TI  - [Use of vasopressin in the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices. Our
      experiences].
AB  - Results obtained in the control of oesophageal varix rupture haemorrhage by
      intravenous vasopressin perfusion or selective intraarterial administration are
      reported. This comparative study shows intravenous administration to be the best
      method since it produces the same therapeutic effects with fewer undesirable side
      effects than when administered arterially. In view of the high level of
      complications caused by selective arterial catheters, this administration method
      would only appear justified in cases where selective arterial catheterisation is
      to be carried out in any case.

PMID- 3876523
TI  - Effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and several of its
      analogues on the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway in mice.
AB  - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a recently discovered
      neurotoxin, caused extensive losses of dopamine and its major metabolites after
      its administration to male Swiss-Webster mice. In contrast, under identical
      conditions, several MPTP analogues, even those with relatively minor structural
      changes, were without toxicity. These include compounds with a 1-ethyl and 1
      propyl substituent rather than the 1-methyl, the compound lacking the double bond
      in the tetrahydropyridine ring, as well as the compound with no phenyl
      substituent. It follows that each part of the MPTP molecule is important in
      determining its neurotoxic activity.

PMID- 3876524
TI  - Participation of brain monoamine oxidase B form in the neurotoxicity of 1-methyl
      4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: relationship between the enzyme inhibition
      and the neurotoxicity.
AB  - A neurotoxin for nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its oxidized metabolite, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine
      (MPP+), both dose-dependently inhibited rat striatal and forebrain monoamine
      oxidase (MAO) activity with monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) selectively reversible
      (competitive, Ki = 4.5 and 2.0 microM) inhibition. A comparison of the Ki values
      indicated the affinity of MPP+ for MAO-A to be greater than that of MPTP. MPTP
      inhibited monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) with both a reversible (competitive, Ki =
      116 microM) and an irreversible time-dependent component, but inhibition by MPP+
      was reversible and competitive (Ki = 180 microM). These results, together with
      previous findings on metabolism of MPTP to MPP+ by brain MAO-B, suggest that MPP+
      is a simple inhibitor of MAO-A and MAO-B, but MPTP might be a 'suicide substrate'
      inhibitor for MAO-B.

PMID- 3876525
TI  - Effects of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and its metabolite, N
      methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion, on dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons in the
      mouse.
AB  - A single subcutaneous injection in the C57 black mouse of 40 mg/kg of N-methyl-4
      phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes a 90% depletion of striatal
      dopamine, as well as loss of 33% of neuronal cell bodies in the substantia nigra,
      zona compacta. By 4.5 months, there appears to be partial recovery of striatal
      dopaminergic function. After injection into mice, the MPTP metabolite, N-methyl-4
      phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) enters the striatum, and through some unknown
      mechanism is even more toxic than MPTP. However, repeated injections of maximally
      tolerated amounts of MPP+ do not damage dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons.

PMID- 3876526
TI  - A species difference between Rana and Xenopus in the occurrence of intertectal
      neuronal plasticity.
AB  - In anuran amphibians, a system of neuronal connections links the two optic tecta
      and is involved in projections of the binocular visual field to the optic tecta.
      Electrophysiological studies have shown that in the frog, Xenopus laevis, the
      pattern of connections may be modified by procedures such as larval rotation of
      one eye. This modification appears to be effected by visual experience. Workers
      in other laboratories, however, found no evidence of such a modification in the
      related frog Rana pipiens. This difference in results may have been due to
      different rearing conditions and different recording techniques or may reflect a
      true species difference, in this respect, between Rana and Xenopus. In the
      present experiments, an attempt was made to distinguish between these
      possibilities by performing eye rotations in Rana and Xenopus, rearing them as
      identically as possible and recording from them under identical conditions. It
      was found that while Xenopus displayed the modification of intertectal
      connections, Rana did not. It is concluded that the different responses of the
      intertectal systems to larval eye rotation in Xenopus and Rana reflect a species
      difference.

PMID- 3876527
TI  - Both [1-14C]glucose and 2-[1-14C]deoxyglucose produce selective iso-frequency
      labelling in the inferior colliculus of the cat with short stimulation periods.
AB  - Both [1-14C]glucose and 2-[1-14C]deoxyglucose (2-DG) revealed selective
      autoradiographic labelling to tones in the inferior colliculus of the cat with
      short stimulation periods (5-15 min). With longer periods of stimulation (45
      min), the selectivity disappeared with glucose but remained with 2-DG. At all
      stimulation intervals, 2-DG labelling was always more selective than that
      obtained with glucose. However, the selectivity seen with glucose was good enough
      to indicate that isotopes of glucose with short half-lives could still be
      employed to study human functional activity with the positron emission tomography
      technique, provided that short stimulation periods were used.

PMID- 3876528
TI  - Unequal branch point filtering action in different types of dorsal root ganglion
      neurons of frogs.
AB  - The influence of the intraganglionic branch point on impulse conduction in single
      neurons of frog dorsal root ganglia (DRG) has been determined by measuring the
      least interval at which it will conduct two action potentials into the dorsal
      root. At 21-23 degrees C, branch points of myelinated fibers had long least
      conduction intervals and low safety factors for orthodromic impulse conduction
      compared to nodes of Ranvier in peripheral nerve. DRG neurons with broad somatic
      spikes with a shoulder on the falling phase and slowly conducting myelinated or
      non-myelinated axons had the longest least conduction intervals (lowest safety
      factors). DRG neurons with brief somatic spikes with little or no shoulder on the
      falling phase had short least conduction intervals (higher safety factor)
      regardless of their conduction velocity. The results indicate that certain DRG
      neurons have found a way to minimize branch point filtering action.

PMID- 3876529
TI  - Emission tomography: its contribution in the detection of subdural haematoma.
AB  - The technique of emission computed tomography (ECT) was assessed with regards to
      its value in the detection of subdural haematoma. Results from an anthropomorphic
      head phantom and a short clinical trial both showed promising signs of better
      differentiation between normal and abnormal in equivocal results. A simple
      quantitative index was used to compare ECT with static imaging. The conclusion is
      that ECT is of value in those patients whose scan results are otherwise
      equivocal.

PMID- 3876530
TI  - Coronary artery disease in patients with carotid artery stenosis.

PMID- 3876531
TI  - [Dependence of the duration of one mitotic cycle during synchronous cleavage
      divisions (tau o) on the temperature in 4 Rana species and the limits of the
      optimal temperatures for their reproduction and early development].
AB  - The dependence of the duration of one mitotic cycle during synchronous cleavage
      divisions (tau o) on temperature was studied in Rana temporaria, R. arvalis, R.
      lessonae, R. ridibunda and the corresponding curves were plotted in both linear
      and semilogarithmic scale. The curves can be used to characterize the relative
      duration of development, as well as to estimate the limits of optimal
      temperatures and to reveal the temperature-temporal regularities of development
      in these species.

PMID- 3876532
TI  - Vitrectomy for chronic aphakic cystoid macular edema. Results of a national,
      collaborative, prospective, randomized investigation.
AB  - A five-year (1979-1984) prospective, randomized, controlled, collaborative study
      was performed by 27 experienced vitrectomy surgeons in 15 medical centers on 136
      surgically aphakic eyes without lens implants but with vitreous adherent to the
      corneoscleral wound and with chronic aphakic cystoid macular edema (ACME). One
      hundred fifteen eyes completed the entire course of investigation. The purpose of
      the study was twofold: to determine the effectiveness of vitrectomy in
      eliminating established ACME and to determine the natural history of this
      condition. Following criteria contained within the study protocol, 68 eyes were
      randomized to surgery (RAN-S) or control (RAN-C), and 47 eyes were observed in
      the long-term observation group (LTO). Twenty-one eyes were eliminated from the
      investigation for reasons stated in the text. The RAN-S group proved to have a
      significantly better visual course than the RAN-C group (P = less than 0.01). An
      analysis of the LTO group revealed that if central vision did not decline to a
      level of 20/80 or worse, 27% of the eyes had a chance of spontaneously improving
      to a level of 20/50 or better. However, if central vision declines to or beyond
      this point, spontaneous visual improvement to 20/50 or better only occurred in 8%
      of eyes. Also reported are other important clinical findings such as the role of
      systemic diseases in ACME, the incidence of vitreous traction on the macula,
      prognostic value of pre-surgical medical therapy, a comparison of limbal versus
      pars plana surgical approach, the timing of surgery, and the effectiveness of
      fluorescein angiography as an objective monitor of visual function.

PMID- 3876533
TI  - Retinal detachment following endophthalmitis.
AB  - Fifty-five consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of bacterial
      endophthalmitis were reviewed. All patients were treated with systemic,
      periocular, topical, and intravitreal antibiotics. In addition, 33 of the
      patients underwent a pars plana vitrectomy. Nine retinal detachments occurred
      within six months of initial diagnosis. The higher frequency of retinal
      detachment in the vitrectomy group (21%) as compared to those patients managed
      without vitrectomy (9%) may be explained by a combination of surgical
      complications and the increased severity of endophthalmitis in the vitrectomy
      group. The two patients who developed retinal detachment during vitrectomy
      surgery rapidly progressed to no light perception. Conversely, the repair of
      retinal detachments diagnosed postoperatively had a good prognosis.

PMID- 3876534
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of leukocoria.
AB  - Leukocoria is an important clinical sign in ophthalmology. Conditions producing
      this white pupillary reflex must be differentiated from retinoblastoma to insure
      appropriate and timely treatment. Auxiliary diagnostic testing has been helpful
      in securing a clinical diagnosis. A new diagnostic modality, magnetic resonance
      imaging, provides similar morphologic information with the additional potential
      for biochemical characterization. A series consisting of 14 patients presenting
      with leukocoria as a result of retinoblastoma and simulating conditions was
      examined. The magnetic resonance imaging findings are discussed.

PMID- 3876535
TI  - Phacoanaphylactoid reaction in persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous.
AB  - Three cases of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) showing a ruptured
      lens capsule and a phacoanaphylactoid reaction are presented. In two cases, there
      was evidence that the lens had been clinically clear in the presence of a
      ruptured capsule and posterior cortical granulomatous reaction. The capsular
      rupture and granulomatous reaction can begin in utero, as shown by the third
      case, a premature who died at one day of age. It is suggested that a
      phacoanaphylactoid reaction can contribute to the lens swelling, cataract, and
      anterior chamber narrowing which often initiate the downhill course in eyes with
      PHPV. The immunological implications of this reaction are discussed.

PMID- 3876536
TI  - Impairment of the chick's grip and balance by streptomycin. A preliminary study.
AB  - Chicks were injected daily with streptomycin (400 or 1,200 mg/kg). Damage to the
      vestibular apparatus was accompanied by steadily impaired abilities of chicks to
      tighten their grips as evidenced by reduced torque and by slippage of their feet
      on the perch. As compensation, intoxicated chicks adjusted their footing with
      cautious, deliberate movements. They always stood erectly and stiffly on the
      perch; they were unable to roost. They also experienced difficulties in
      balancing. While symptoms were qualitatively similar at both dosages, their onset
      came earlier and with greater severity at 1,200 mg/kg. Control chicks steadily
      increased their torque and displayed normal balance during the course of the
      experiment.

PMID- 3876538
TI  - A practical guide for colour-vision examination: report of the Standardization
      Committee of the International Research Group on Colour-Vision Deficiencies.
AB  - There are different types and degrees of colour deficiency and some types of
      defect occur more frequently than others. Several different techniques are used
      for examining colour vision and many different tests are available commercially.
      Clinical tests have three aims: to screen for colour deficiency, to diagnose or
      classify the type of defect and to grade the severity of the defect. Individual
      tests do not fulfil all three aims and a test battery is recommended for any
      detailed colour-vision examination or for giving occupational advice. This paper
      provides information about congenital and acquired colour-vision defects and
      lists the principal colour-vision tests. Standardized test methods and viewing
      conditions are described. The efficiency of each test, for screening, diagnosis
      and grading is indicated and appropriate test batteries are recommended for
      different testing requirements.

PMID- 3876537
TI  - [Complete occlusion of the main trunk of the left coronary artery and its
      successful surgical management].

PMID- 3876539
TI  - Fourier analysis and the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test.
AB  - A mathematical method based on Fourier analysis devised for the assessment of
      score charts for the Farnsworth--Munsell 100-Hue test is described. The method
      facilitates the analysis of features of the shape of the score chart in an
      objective and quantitative manner. The calculations are easily performed by a
      microcomputer.

PMID- 3876540
TI  - Anthropometry of children in rural areas in east Java. I. Cross sectional growth
      curves.

PMID- 3876541
TI  - [Usefulness of determining antinuclear antibodies in the differential diagnosis
      of inflammatory systemic connective tissue diseases and other childhood
      diseases].

PMID- 3876542
TI  - [Occurrence of organ nonspecific autoantibodies in inflammatory systemic
      connective tissue diseases in children].

PMID- 3876543
TI  - [Clinico-immunologic characteristics of mycoplasma pneumonia in children].

PMID- 3876544
TI  - Analgesic activity of new pyrazine CH and NH acids and their hydrophobic and
      electron donating properties.
AB  - Analgesic efficacy was determined by the hot plate method for a group of 17 new
      pyrazine and 3 non-pyrazine CH and NH acids. The biological data were
      quantitatively related to the hydrophobicity of the compounds, expressed by
      fragmental constant, and to the orbital energy of the highest occupied molecular
      orbital, calculated quantumchemically. It has been found that the higher the
      electron donating properties, the more active is the agent, provided that its
      hydrophobicity allows it to reach its site of action. The results obtained
      support the charge transfer model for the biological interaction of analgesic
      agents.

PMID- 3876545
TI  - [Quantitative measurement of lung density with X-ray CT and positron CT (2). Lung
      diseases].

PMID- 3876546
TI  - Sudden death due to acute epiglottitis.

PMID- 3876547
TI  - Interleukin 1 and monitoring of acute infections.
AB  - It has long been recognized that acute infections evoke a great variety of
      nonspecific reactions that may be used to monitor the clinical course of
      patients. Among these are fever, changes in white blood cell count and amount of
      C-reactive protein (CRP) in circulation. It has only recently been realized that
      there may be a single key mediator for all three, interleukin 1. This is a
      protein induced in and released from mononuclear macrophages by microorganisms
      and other inflammation-producing substances. In this review I present the current
      understanding of what interleukin 1 is, what it can do and how it may bring about
      changes in fever patterns, in total and differential white blood cell counts and
      in levels of CRP. In addition a number of recent reports are given which reaffirm
      the usefulness of sequentially monitoring these nonspecific reactions for
      evaluating the effectiveness of treatment.

PMID- 3876548
TI  - Pericarditis complicating Haemophilus epiglottitis.

PMID- 3876549
TI  - [Selection of the method of surgical treatment of portal hypertension].

PMID- 3876550
TI  - [Correlation between organic changes, antibodies against native DNA and
      antinuclear antibody titer in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 3876551
TI  - All is as it was before. One physician's coronary bypass surgery.

PMID- 3876552
TI  - Modification of plasma cholesterol through exercise. Rationale and
      recommendations.
AB  - Until relatively recently, clinical information regarding plasma lipoproteins and
      their association with human atherosclerosis had been based on epidemiologic
      evidence obtained from cross-sectional studies or prospective studies that used
      clinical events as end points. Authorities have cautioned against the
      interpretation of these results to imply that drug therapy be used to alter the
      high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction of total cholesterol. Several recent
      investigations strongly suggest that decreasing the low-density lipoprotein
      fraction of total cholesterol and increasing the HDL fraction may alter the
      progression of atherosclerosis. Appropriate exercise may be a viable tool to
      assist in elevating plasma HDL levels.

PMID- 3876553
TI  - [Experience with the conduct of complex measures to control tuberculosis among
      rural children].

PMID- 3876554
TI  - [Relation between postvaccinal skin manifestations and the dose of BCG vaccine].

PMID- 3876555
TI  - [Features of the clinical manifestations and course of tuberculous lymphadenitis
      in children].

PMID- 3876556
TI  - [BCG generalization in a child with severe congenital immune deficiency].

PMID- 3876557
TI  - [Incidence of osteoarticular tuberculosis in hypothyroid children and
      adolescents].

PMID- 3876558
TI  - Mutagenesis of avian carcinoma virus MH2: only one of two potential transforming
      genes (delta gag-myc) transforms fibroblasts.
AB  - Avian carcinoma virus MH2 contains two potential transforming genes, delta gag
      mht and delta gag-myc. Thus, MH2 may be a model for two-gene carcinogenesis in
      which transformation depends on two synergistic genes. Most other directly
      oncogenic viruses contain single, autonomous transforming (onc) genes and are
      models for single-gene carcinogenesis. To determine which role each potential onc
      gene of MH2 plays in oncogenesis, we have prepared deletion and frameshift
      mutants of each of the two MH2 genes by in vitro mutagenesis of cloned proviral
      DNA and have tested transforming function and virus production in cultured
      primary quail cells. We have found that mht deletion mutants and wild-type virus
      transform primary cells and that myc deletion and frameshift mutants do not. The
      morphologies of cells transformed by the mht deletion mutants and by wild-type
      MH2 are similar yet vary considerably. Nevertheless, typical mutant transformed
      cells can often be distinguished from cells transformed by wild-type MH2. We
      conclude that the delta gag-myc gene transforms primary cells by itself, without
      the second potential onc gene. This myc-related gene is the smallest that has
      direct transforming function. delta gag-mht is without detectable transforming
      function but may affect transformation by delta gag-myc. Thus, MH2 behaves like a
      virus with a single onc gene, although it expresses two potential onc genes, and
      it appears not to be a model for two-gene carcinogenesis. Further work is
      necessary to determine whether the delta gag-mht gene possibly enhances oncogenic
      function of delta gag-myc or has independent oncogenic function in animals.

PMID- 3876559
TI  - Phorbol ester induces a differential effect on the effector function of human
      allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocyte and natural killer clones.
AB  - Six-day allosensitized human peripheral blood lymphocytes treated for 12-18 hr
      with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) were found to lose the capacity to
      kill the specific target in a standard cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) assay, but
      they were still effective in their ability to kill the tumor cell line K562. We
      investigated which antigens on the cell membrane involved in alloimmune
      recognition might be modified by PMA, since it was found that in a lectin
      dependent CML assay, the lytic mechanism was not impaired. For this purpose, T3+,
      T4+ allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones and either T3+ or T3-
      natural killer (NK) clones were generated from 6-day allostimulated lymphocytes.
      The results indicated that PMA inhibited the cytolytic function of both
      alloimmune CTL and NK T3+ clones. In contrast, PMA did not modify the effector
      cell function of T3- NK clones. Phenotypic analysis of T-cell surface antigens
      from T3+ clones showed that T3 molecule expression on the cell membrane was
      reduced by 80-90% after PMA treatment, whereas expression of both accessory T4
      molecules, involved in antigen recognition, and receptor for interleukin 2 was
      increased. Moreover, the loss of function was transitory and could be restored 4
      days after PMA treatment when the T3 molecules were fully reexpressed at the cell
      surface. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that (i) PMA prevents cell
      mediated cytotoxicity by modulating the disulfide-linked heterodimer associated
      to T3 and described as the receptor for antigen on the cell surface of major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC) and non-MHC specific CTL clones, without
      affecting the lytic mechanism per se, and (ii) the expression of the receptor for
      the antigen present on the tumor cell line K562 is not decreased on T3- NK clones
      after PMA treatment and must be different from that on T3+ T-cell clones.

PMID- 3876560
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against human Ia antigens stimulate monocytes to secrete
      interleukin 1.
AB  - The monoclonal antibodies (mAb) DA6.147, DA6.164, and HIG.48 against human Ia
      antigens, but not the W6/32 mAb against human class I major histocompatibility
      complex antigens or the anti-monocyte OKM1 and 63D3 mAb, stimulated monocytes to
      secrete interleukin 1 (IL-1). IL-1 was measured by its property of promoting the
      production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) by phytohemagglutinin-treated LBRM-33 clone
      1A5 cells. IL-1 activity induced by anti-Ia antibodies could be detected 24 hr
      after initiation of the cultures and reached its highest levels at days 3-4 of
      culture. Concentrations of 1 microgram/ml or higher of the anti-Ia antibodies
      induced monocytes to secrete significant levels of IL-1 activity. The anti-Ia mAb
      induced Ia-bearing but not Ia-negative monocytes to secrete IL-1. Both Ia
      positive and Ia-negative monocytes produced IL-1 activity under the stimulus of
      lipopolysaccharide. It is concluded that the DA6.147, DA6.164, and HIG.48 mAb
      stimulate secretion of IL-1 by interacting Ia antigens on monocytes. The data
      support the view that besides serving as restricting elements for recognition of
      foreign antigens by T cells, Ia antigens may also function as transducer
      elements.

PMID- 3876561
TI  - Quantitative in vivo receptor binding III: Tracer kinetic modeling of muscarinic
      cholinergic receptor binding.
AB  - A tracer kinetic method is developed for the in vivo estimation of high-affinity
      radioligand binding to central nervous system receptors. Ligand is considered to
      exist in three brain pools corresponding to free, nonspecifically bound, and
      specifically bound tracer. These environments, in addition to that of
      intravascular tracer, are interrelated by a compartmental model of in vivo ligand
      distribution. A mathematical description of the model is derived, which allows
      determination of regional blood-brain barrier permeability, nonspecific binding,
      the rate of receptor-ligand association, and the rate of dissociation of bound
      ligand, from the time courses of arterial blood and tissue tracer concentrations.
      The term "free receptor density" is introduced to describe the receptor
      population measured by this method. The technique is applied to the in vivo
      determination of regional muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the rat, with the
      use of [3H]scopolamine. Kinetic estimates of free muscarinic receptor density are
      in general agreement with binding capacities obtained from previous in vivo and
      in vitro equilibrium binding studies. In the striatum, however, kinetic estimates
      of free receptor density are less than those in the neocortex--a reversal of the
      rank ordering of these regions derived from equilibrium determinations. A
      simplified model is presented that is applicable to tracers that do not readily
      dissociate from specific binding sites during the experimental period. In this
      instance, specific tracer binding may be accurately determined by measuring
      tissue ligand concentration at a single time point after bolus intravenous
      injection, providing that regional cerebral blood flow is known. This derivation
      has potential clinical application, because it will permit construction of
      quantitative pictorial maps of regional free receptor densities in the human
      brain by means of positron emission tomographic imaging.

PMID- 3876563
TI  - Additional products of the Tla locus of the mouse.
AB  - Thymocytes and leukemia cells of some mouse strains yield TL proteins,
      precipitable by anti-TL antiserum and by anti-TL monoclonal antibodies, that
      include not only the familiar heavy (H) chain of 45-50 kDa but also products of
      higher molecular mass. Production of a 53-kDa TL form by Tlad thymocytes was
      studied in detail. A cross was made between B10.M (Tlad) mice, which produce the
      53-kDa TL, and mice of the A strain (Tlaa), which make only the usual H chain.
      Hemi-expression of apparently unaltered 53-kDa TL was observed in thymocytes of
      the Tlad/Tlaa heterozygous F1 progeny. Thus, there was no indication of positive
      or negative trans interaction with respect to production of the 53-kDa TL form
      associated with Tlad. We conclude that production of 53-kDa TL is governed
      intrachromosomally. Two-dimensional chymotryptic peptide maps of the TL H chain
      and the 53-kDa TL of Tlad thymocytes differed only by added features found in the
      map of the 53-kDa TL. With the exception of Tlaa, all Tla alleles (Tlab-f)
      yielded TL products of higher molecular weight than the accompanying H chain,
      although in the case of Tlab this was evident only in TL+ leukemia cells because
      Tlab thymocytes are TL-. For H-2, representing other class I genes, no products
      other than the familiar H chain were demonstrable under similar conditions.

PMID- 3876562
TI  - The cellular defect in alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) deficiency is
      expressed in human monocytes and in Xenopus oocytes injected with human liver
      mRNA.
AB  - To determine the basis for low serum concentrations of alpha 1-proteinase
      inhibitor (alpha 1PI) in individuals with homozygous alpha 1PI deficiency
      (hereafter referred to as PiZZ), biosynthesis and secretion of alpha 1PI were
      studied in Xenopus oocytes microinjected with hepatic mRNA and in blood monocytes
      (an extrahepatic site of alpha 1PI gene expression). Although both the usual
      alpha 1PI (hereafter referred to as PiMM) and PiZZ alpha 1PI were secreted in
      functionally active form, the rate of secretion of alpha 1PI was significantly
      and selectively decreased in Xenopus oocytes injected with PiZZ liver mRNA and in
      monocytes from PiZZ individuals. The apparent size of alpha 1PI in the
      intracellular compartment of Xenopus oocytes injected with PiZZ liver mRNA was
      different from the corresponding intracellular PiMM alpha 1PI in oocytes injected
      with PiMM liver mRNA. There were also differences in the relative ratio of native
      and complexed alpha 1PI secreted by monocytes from individuals with PiMM and PiZZ
      phenotypes.

PMID- 3876564
TI  - 24,25(OH)2D3 enhances the calcemic effect of 1,25(OH)2D3.
AB  - The effect of 24,25(OH)2D3 on 1,25(OH)2D3-induced hypercalcemia was studied in
      normal rats. Serum (S) levels and urinary excretion of Ca2+ (UCaV) were measured
      in (a) control rats, (b) rats receiving a daily sc injection of 54 ng
      1,25(OH)2D3, (c) rats receiving 24,25(OH)2D3 in the same dose and same manner,
      and (d) rats receiving 1,25(OH)2D3 + 24,25(OH)2D3. The animals were housed in
      metabolic cages and 24-hr urine specimens were collected. After 24 hr SCa2+
      increased similarly with 1,25(OH)2D3 and with 1,25(OH)2D3 + 24,25(OH)2D3, while
      24,25(OH)2D3 alone did not change SCa2+. UCaV after 24 hr increased significantly
      less (P less than 0.025) with 1,25(OH)2D3 + 24,25(OH)2D3 than with 1,25(OH)2D3
      alone. After 5 days of 1,25(OH)2D3, SCa2+ rose from 5.1 +/- 0.15 to 6.29 +/- 0.08
      whereas 1,25(OH)2D3 + 24,25(OH)2D3 effected a greater increase in SCa2+ up to
      6.63 +/- 0.09 (P less than 0.01). 24,25(OH)2D3 alone did not change SCa2+. UCaV
      after 5 days of treatment rose similarly with 1,25(OH)2D3 and with 1,25(OH)2D3 +
      24,25(OH)2D3. After 10 days of 1,25(OH)2D3 SCa2+ was 6.17 +/- 0.15 meq/liter
      while with the combination SCa2+ rose to 6.74 +/- 0.2 (P less than 0.025).
      24,25(OH)2D3 alone did not change SCa2+. These results show that (a) 24,25(OH)2D3
      alone does not alter SCa2+ in normal rats, (b) combined administration of
      1,25(OH)2D3 + 24,25(OH)2D3 enhances the hypercalcemic response to 1,25(OH)2D3
      without a parallel increase in UCaV, and (c) it is suggested that the effect of
      24,25(OH)2D3 on serum Ca2+ level, at least partly, may result from its
      hypocalciuric effect.

PMID- 3876565
TI  - The kinetics of the production of granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating
      activity (GM-CSA) by isolated human monocytes: response to bacterial endotoxin.
AB  - When mononuclear phagocytes are stimulated by bacterial endotoxins, they produce
      Granulocyte-Monocyte Colony-Stimulating Activity (GM-CSA). In order to study the
      kinetics of the production of GM-CSA by human monocytes, we prepared suspensions
      of these cells and studied their response to Salmonella typhi endotoxin. We found
      that when human monocytes were exposed to this preparation of endotoxin, they
      synthesized GM-CSA de novo and subsequently secreted it into the extracellular
      environment; however, within hours, the cells became highly refractory to further
      stimulation by endotoxin. The resistance to endotoxin which these cells rapidly
      acquired in vitro could not be accounted for by cell attrition, the accumulation
      of toxic metabolites in the cultures, negative feedback inhibition by newly
      synthesized GM-CSA, depolarization of the plasma membrane of the cells, or by
      degradation of endotoxin. When we studied the binding of tritium-labeled
      endotoxin to viable monocytes, we found that after monocytes were initially
      exposed to endotoxin, their subsequent ability to bind lipopolysaccharide
      molecules onto the surface of the plasma membrane was reduced. When we subjected
      concentrated supernates from endotoxin-stimulated monocyte cultures to gel
      filtration and isoelectric focusing, we noted that GM-CSA derived from human
      monocytes had an apparent molecular weight of approximately 42,000 daltons. Our
      results indicate that resistance to bacterial endotoxins acquired by mononuclear
      phagocytes may play a role in the immunologic phenomenon of immediate endotoxin
      tolerance observed in vivo and may in part be due to down-regulation of endotoxin
      binding to the outer surface of the cell.

PMID- 3876566
TI  - Assessment of early hemopoiesis in in vivo diffusion chamber cultures.
AB  - Many studies have provided evidence that the cells which give rise to colonies
      containing granulocytes (CFU-DG) share several characteristics with other
      primitive hemopoietic precursors (CFU-S and CFU-MIX). Cell cycle status,
      sensitivity to hypotonic lysis, and velocity sedimentation rates are similar. On
      the other hand, CFU-DG can be distinguished from these precursors by difference
      in sensitivity to cryopreservation and hyperthermia. Uniqueness of the in vivo
      diffusion chamber culture system is accentuated by finding humoral activities
      produced by human HUT 102 and Mo T cell lines and murine BCL1 B cell line which
      seem to be different from the activities identifiable by CFU-C, BFU-E, and CFU
      MIX assays in vitro.

PMID- 3876567
TI  - Humoral regulation of human megakaryocytopoiesis.

PMID- 3876568
TI  - Identification of three accessory cell populations in human bone marrow with
      erythroid burst promoting properties.

PMID- 3876569
TI  - Genes encoding the T cell antigen receptor.

PMID- 3876570
TI  - Morphology of the interphotoreceptor matrix as revealed by rapid freezing
      technique.

PMID- 3876571
TI  - Isolation of cDNAs encoding human and gibbon GM-CSF.
AB  - We have used a mammalian cell expression cloning system to identify cDNA clones
      encoding human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. The human clone
      was used as a hybridization probe to identify the corresponding sequence from a
      cDNA library prepared from a gibbon T-cell line. The human cDNA has been used to
      produce recombinant GM-CSF in monkey COS-1 cells. The purified protein from COS
      cells is very similar to the GM-CSF isolated from a continuous human T-cell line.

PMID- 3876572
TI  - Assessment of neuromuscular blockade produced by atracurium in frog sartorius
      muscle.
AB  - The neuromuscular effects of atracurium in frog sartorius muscle were studied and
      the results were compared with those obtained by tubocurarine in the same
      preparation. Single twitch (at 1 per 5 s) and tetanic stimulation (at 1-100 per
      s) of the motor nerve, stimulated with 5-10 V (maximum) and 0.2 ms pulse
      duration, were used to assess the neuromuscular blockade produced by atracurium
      and tubocurarine in the frog sartorius muscle. The results showed that atracurium
      was twice as potent as tubocurarine in reducing the amplitude of the indirectly
      elicited twitch contractions in the frog sartorius muscle. The mean IC50 values
      (concentration to produce 50% inhibition of twitch tension) of atracurium and
      tubocurarine-induced depression of the indirectly-elicited twitch tension were
      0.64 +/- 0.1 microM and 1.2 +/- 0.2 microM respectively (means +/- s.e., n = 6, P
      less than 0.001). Furthermore, atracurium had a shorter time of onset, time to
      50% block and time to 95% recovery than tubocurarine.

PMID- 3876573
TI  - Synthesis and analgetic and antiinflammatory activity of derivatives of 3-(1H
      benzimidazole-2)propanoic acid.
AB  - Condensation reactions of 3-(1H-benzimidazole-2)propanoic acid (procodazol) with
      aromatic aldehydes were carried out resulting in lactam and acid derivatives.
      Basing on the spectral studies (MS, NMR) it was found that in the reaction the
      hydrogen atoms of the 3-methylene group of procodazol take part. 3-[2'
      Acetoxyphenyl)methylene]-2,3-dihydro-1 H-pyrrole[1,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one (3c)
      was found to possess some analgetic properties.

PMID- 3876574
TI  - Epidermoidomas of the cerebellopontine angle and temporal bone: CT and MR
      aspects.
AB  - Epidermoidomas were found in four locations within and adjacent to the temporal
      bone: cerebellopontine angle, petrous apex, facial geniculate ganglion region,
      and tympanic-mastoid cavity. Lesions in each of these locations presented
      different clinical and imaging characteristics. Cerebellopontine angle
      epidermoidomas were seen on computed tomography (CT) as low-attenuation masses in
      the posterior fossa. Petrous apex and geniculate ganglion region lesions
      destroyed and expanded the bone of their respective regions. Tympanic-mastoid
      cavity epidermoidomas were relatively nonspecific, soft-tissue masses. CT study
      of the brain and temporal bone was the single most informative imaging procedure
      in the preoperative evaluation of these lesions. Magnetic resonance images
      complemented CT scans for evaluation of the size and extent of the abnormality
      but were relatively nonspecific and did not allow preoperative differentiation of
      epidermoidomas from other temporal bone lesions.

PMID- 3876575
TI  - MPTP and parkinsonism.

PMID- 3876576
TI  - [Studies of autolymphocytotoxins occurring in Treponema pallidum infection].

PMID- 3876577
TI  - [T- and B-lymphocytes in early and late syphilis].

PMID- 3876578
TI  - [Risk factors in the development of ischemic heart disease (IHD) during a 6-year
      observation of male population. II. Development of IHD--incidence and mortality].

PMID- 3876579
TI  - [Changes in cortical evoked potentials in relation to cutaneous sensory
      thresholds. Application to a study of analgesic electrostimulation].
AB  - The potentials (EPs) evoked by cutaneous electric shock of increasing intensity
      and the corresponding sensitivity thresholds were studied in 25 healthy
      volunteers: analgesic electrical stimulation (AES) was performed on only 10 of
      these. The stimuli (0.5 msec; 0-140 V) applied in a random way with a needle
      electrode implanted in the horny layer of the tip of the middle finger can
      produce 4 sensations: initial awareness, pressure sensation, diffusion and pain.
      The EP recorded on the somatosensory areas had the typical somatosensory (SEP)
      morphology only at the pressure stage. At the pain thresholds, the response was a
      well-demarcated 'nociceptive' EP (NEP), with main components at P100, N140, P240.
      After 45 min of AES, the increase of the sensitivity thresholds was peculiarly
      pronounced for that of pain, homolaterally (80%) and contralaterally (45%) to the
      AES. With respect to the EPs, the NEP and especially its late waves showed a
      noteworthy reduction in amplitude, more significant on the homolateral side (66%)
      than on the contralateral one (50%), whilst the SEP was only slight modified. The
      evolution of the thresholds and of the EPs was followed for 45 min after
      cessation of AES and revealed a significant residual effect of comparable values
      for the two parameters.

PMID- 3876580
TI  - [Development and results of coronary revascularization in Spain. Survey of the
      Task Force on the Follow-up of Aortocoronary Bypass].

PMID- 3876582
TI  - [A single coronary vessel and coronary stenosis: surgical treatment in a case].

PMID- 3876581
TI  - [Comparative study of selective angiography and computerized tomography in the
      evaluation of aortocoronary graft permeability in the immediate postoperative
      period].

PMID- 3876583
TI  - [Classification of vertiginous syndromes, nonsystematized vertigo and
      disequilibrium].

PMID- 3876584
TI  - [Sudden vestibular deficiency. Early and late functional course].

PMID- 3876585
TI  - Relationship of periodic movements in sleep (nocturnal myoclonus) and the
      Babinski sign.
AB  - To obtain a comprehensive clinical description of periodic movements in sleep,
      the first 11 videotaped movements of nine patients were studied. These leg
      movements were characterized by active dorsiflexion of the ankle (91%),
      dorsiflexion and fanning of the small toes (82%), and dorsiflexion of the great
      toe (72%). Partial flexion of the knee and hip occurred in 28%. Simultaneous
      dorsiflexion of the ankle and small toe was almost always the initial change,
      either preceding or occurring simultaneously with extension of the great toe.
      Knee and hip flexion almost always followed foot movements. Tonic and/or clonic
      movements, usually about the ankle, occurred in 75%; plantar flexion of the ankle
      occurred in 21% at the end of a leg movement. Periodic movements in sleep were
      thus characterized on detailed videographic analysis by movements similar to the
      Babinski response. Since both the normally occurring nocturnal Babinski response
      and periodic movements in sleep are also almost entirely NREM related, the author
      proposes that periodic movements in sleep are due to the NREM loss of supraspinal
      inhibitory influences on the pyramidal tract and that the characteristic foot and
      leg movements are Babinski-type responses secondary to this.

PMID- 3876586
TI  - [Focus on Kartagener's syndrome. Apropos of a case].
AB  - Kartagener syndrome, identified 40 years ago, is an obstructive bronchopulmonary
      condition of early onset which rapidly becomes chronic and linked to immobility
      of the bronchial cilia. This clinical entity is based upon a kinetic problem
      secondary to ultrastructural abnormalities of the cilia. Current techniques for
      the study of ciliary movement and electron microscopy in particular are
      sufficiently accurate to be able to link certain ciliary abnormalities to
      particular clinical manifestations. Although it is a frequent neonatal condition,
      Kartagener syndrome may be compatible with prolonged survival. The authors report
      a case in an adult, with a favorable course, and give an updated review of the
      condition.

PMID- 3876587
TI  - Rheumatic pain in a Philippine village. A WHO-ILAR COPCORD Study.
AB  - In initiating a community oriented programme for the control of rheumatic disease
      (COPCORD), 1685 people of all ages from a rural area in the Philippines were
      questioned by primary health care workers (PHW) for limb and spinal rheumatic
      pain and disability. The total complaint rate was 15.3% for men and 18.5% for
      women. For those 15 years and older the age adjusted rheumatic pain rates for
      pain present at the time of survey were 28.4% for the Philippines and 22.6% for
      Lawrence's UK population. The most common rheumatic pain sites in this community
      were knee, lumbar spine, neck and the trapezius muscle. The disability rate was
      4.5% for those 15 years and older. One quarter of those with pain had received
      medical attention and the remainder, herbal treatment, massage, various faith
      and/or self-treatment methods.

PMID- 3876588
TI  - The life-threatening consequences of a GI bleed.

PMID- 3876589
TI  - [Regulation of natural killer activity by adherent cells in synovial rheumatoid
      medium].
AB  - The activity of natural killer cells in the synovial fluid, the synovial tissue
      and the peripheral blood was studied in 23 patients with active rheumatoid
      arthritis and was found to be significantly lower than that in the blood of 28
      controls. This decrease was inversely related to the erythrocyte sedimentation
      rate. The preincubation of mononuclear cells with indomethacin significantly
      increased the natural killer activity in the blood of the controls and the
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but did not have any effect in the synovial
      compartment. The elimination of the adherent cells increased the natural killer
      activity in the blood of the controls and the patients with rheumatoid arthritis,
      but decreased this activity in the synovium. The stimulatory effect of synovial
      macrophages and the suppressor effect of the blood macrophages on the natural
      killer activity were confirmed when the adherent and non-adherent populations
      were mixed and these effects were reproduced by using supernatants of total
      mononuclear cells. The stimulation of the natural killer activity by interleukin
      2 and poly-I:C, an interferon inducer, is independent of the macrophages in
      rheumatoid arthritis. These results suggest a deficient natural killer activity
      in active rheumatoid arthritis and a difference in the modulation of these
      natural killer cells by macrophages in rheumatoid synovium and normal or
      rheumatoid arthritis blood.

PMID- 3876590
TI  - [Resection or revascularization of hypokinetic and akinetic zones].

PMID- 3876591
TI  - Hydrogen (H2) breath test and gastric bacteria in acid-secreting subjects and in
      achlorhydric and postgastrectomy patients before and after antimicrobial
      treatment.
AB  - Sixteen patients with pentagastrin-fast achlorhydria and 12 patients who had
      undergone Billroth II gastrectomy (at least 3 years previously) were compared
      with 10 acid-secreting volunteers and 13 patients with endoscopically proven
      peptic disease. The concentration and type of gastric bacteria were analysed in
      achlorhydrics, Billroth II patients, and patients with peptic disease. A 6-h
      hydrogen (H2) breath test after a standardized meal was performed in all
      subjects. The mean concentration of gastric bacteria was significantly higher in
      achlorhydrics and Billroth II patients than in patients with peptic disease. End
      expiratory H2 excretion was elevated in achlorhydrics and Billroth II patients to
      levels significantly exceeding those of acid-secreting volunteers and patients
      with peptic disease. In achlorhydrics, total bacterial concentration in gastric
      juice was correlated to H2 excretion between 60 and 180 min after the meal.
      Treatment of achlorhydric and postgastrectomy patients with
      trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole lowered H2 breath concentrations in both groups
      and reduced symptoms in achlorhydrics. Elevated end-expiratory H2 levels after a
      test meal indicate upper gastrointestinal bacterial overgrowth in achlorhydrics
      and in postgastrectomy patients.

PMID- 3876592
TI  - Significance of multiple types of antibodies on red blood cells of patients with
      positive direct antiglobulin test: a study of monospecific antiglobulin reactions
      in 85 patients.
AB  - Blood samples from 85 patients with a positive direct antiglobulin test were
      tested with monospecific antiglobulin reagents: anti-IgG, anti-IgM, anti-IgA, and
      anti-C3. No typical pattern of antiglobulin reaction could be correlated with
      specific diseases except for the patients with methyldopa-induced positive direct
      antiglobulin test, all of whom had only IgG on their red blood cells. The
      presence of more than 1 type of antibody on red blood cells was associated with
      severe haemolysis. These patients responded less frequently to steroids, and in
      most of them no underlying disease could be found. Most patients with complement
      alone on red blood cells had no evidence of haemolysis, and when present it was
      never severe.

PMID- 3876593
TI  - Identification of non-T non-B lymphocyte leukaemia patients with favourable
      prognosis by cell surface glycoprotein analysis.
AB  - Leukaemic cells from 15 children with ALL were isolated and their surface
      glycoproteins labelled with 3H after treatment with neuraminidase and galactose
      oxidase followed by NaB3H4. The labelled glycoproteins were separated by
      polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and visualized by fluorography. The cells
      could be classified into four groups: 1) Surface glycoprotein pattern resembling
      that of normal T lymphocyte (one patient); 2) Surface glycoprotein pattern
      showing some T cell characteristics (5 patients); 3) Surface glycoprotein profile
      with strongly labelled glycoproteins of apparent molecular weight of 120 000 and
      130 000, and frequently a glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 210
      000 and visible HLA-coded glycoproteins (6 patients); 4) Surface glycoprotein
      pattern not resembling those of the other groups (3 patients). Follow-up showed
      that patients in group 3 have remained in their initial remission (5/6) for the
      complete study period of 5-6 yr, whereas all patients in the other groups have
      relapsed and/or died. We conclude that the surface glycoprotein analysis enables
      the identification of patients with non-T non-B ALL with favourable prognosis.

PMID- 3876594
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in leukaemic phase: incidence, prognosis and therapeutic
      implications.
AB  - 248 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) were retrospectively analysed in an
      attempt to elucidate the risk factors, the prognostic importance and the
      therapeutic implications of blood involvement. Bone marrow involvement and large
      spleen were significantly correlated to leukaemic manifestations (P less than
      0.0001 and P less than 0.0005, respectively); conversely no correlations were
      seen with bulky disease and symptoms. Among low-grade malignant lymphomas (LGML)
      centroblastic-centrocytic follicular and diffuse or diffuse and "CLL" subtypes
      were mostly associated with blood involvement (31% and 55%, respectively). Among
      high-grade malignant lymphomas (HGML) lymphoblastic type is more frequently
      associated with blood involvement (42%) than the other subtypes. Blood
      involvement was not clearly correlated with the prognosis either in LGML (median
      survival 39 and 36 months for leukaemic and non-leukaemic patients, respectively)
      or HGML (median survival 12 and 18 months, respectively), although a shorter
      survival of leukaemic than non-leukaemic lymphoblastic lymphoma was observed
      (median survival 8 months versus 14 months, respectively). The poorer response
      rate to therapy of leukaemic patients (median duration of CR22 and 5 months in
      LGML and HGML, respectively) as opposed to non-leukaemic patients (median
      duration of CR 29 and 23 months, respectively) led us to consider an alternative
      treatment in such patients.

PMID- 3876595
TI  - Immunologic subsets in B cell lymphomas defined by surface immunoglobulin isotype
      and complement receptor--their relationship to survival.
AB  - Cell surface marker profiles were studied on cell suspensions from monoclonal B
      cell lymphomas. Surface immunoglobulin (sIg) was examined in 178 cases, whereas
      combined data with sIg and receptors for complement (C3) were available in 99/178
      cases. The results showed that B cell lymphomas can be divided into distinct
      immunological subsets according to surface marker expression. Whereas some
      histologic subgroups (diffuse centroblastic/centrocytic, centrocytic,
      immunocytoma) (Kiel classification) consisted of few immunological subtypes,
      others were more heterogeneous (follicular centroblastic/centrocytic,
      centroblastic, lymphocytic). By combining immunological and histological
      subgroups, more than 40 phenotypes could be identified; this diversity most
      likely reflects, the heterogeneity of the B cell compartment. As part of the same
      study the prognostic significance of cell marker phenotypes was examined.
      Survival analysis undertaken on 149/178 patients did not uncover any significant
      relationship between type of heavy or light chain expression, C3 receptor
      expression and clinical outcome. Our data do not confirm recent findings that the
      type of immunological phenotype may be of prognostic significance.

PMID- 3876596
TI  - Acquired factor X and antithrombin III deficiency in a patient with primary
      amyloidosis and nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - A 45-year-old man with primary amyloidosis was initially seen with nephrotic
      syndrome. Factor X was found to be 5% and antithrombin III (AT III) 45% of normal
      plasma values. During an 11-month period, despite severe factor X deficiency, the
      patient did not have any bleeding complications. He developed progressive renal
      failure and AT III levels increased to normal, at which time he developed severe
      bleeding complications. These findings suggest a protective role of AT III
      deficiency against bleeding in a patient with severe factor X deficiency.

PMID- 3876598
TI  - T-cell abnormalities in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: the
      presence of OKT4+8+ cells.
AB  - 40 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were studied for T
      cell abnormalities using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (McAbs). These patients
      showed a tendency to have a decreased OKT4+:OKT8+ ratio compared with normal
      subjects and a significant increase was observed in OKT10-positive cells in ITP
      patients. Further analyses were made utilizing McAbs of different subclasses in
      combination (BMA040 mouse IgG1 McAb, helper/inducer T and BMA081 mouse IgG2 McAb,
      suppressor/cytotoxic T). An increased proportion of cells reactive with both
      BMA040 and BMA081 McAbs (double-labelled cells) was demonstrated in patients with
      ITP compared with the normal controls. Furthermore, there was an inverse
      correlation between the proportion of "double-labelled cells" and the platelet
      counts. These data suggest that abnormalities of the T-cell subsets in the
      peripheral blood may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ITP.

PMID- 3876597
TI  - Zinc deficiency and blood lymphocyte function with sickle cell disease.
AB  - A relationship between zinc deficiency and lymphocyte function in children with
      sickle cell disease (SCD) has been suggested. Number and function of B and T
      lymphocytes were assessed in 3 matched groups of children: normal subjects with
      Hb A and normal zinc; patients with SCD; and normal zinc (SCD-N); and patients
      with SCD and decreased zinc (SCD-D). Percentages of B and T cells, response to
      cutaneous antigens and increases in tetanus antibody titres were similar among
      all groups. Absolute numbers of WBC, lymphocytes and B and T cells were markedly
      increased in SCD-N (p less than 0.001) and to a lesser degree in SCD-D (p less
      than 0.01). Controls and SCD-N had a normal response to all mitogens, which was
      not inhibited by SCD-D sera. SCD-D had a depressed response to PHA (p less than
      0.001), which was not corrected by zinc addition in vitro. These findings
      indicate that B cell function and T cell-dependent delayed hypersensitivity are
      normal in children with SCD and are independent of body zinc status. They also
      suggest some abnormality of T helper cells in the presence of zinc deficiency,
      and in the absence of a demonstrable serum inhibitor.

PMID- 3876599
TI  - Development of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in a case of Sjogren's syndrome with
      systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Persistent lymphocytosis and intermittent fever were found in a 68-yr-old Chinese
      woman 5 yr after the diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE). A series of examinations--including virology, bone marrow
      aspiration and surface markers of lymphocytes--was made to evaluate the nature of
      the lymphocytosis which had not been found previously. All of the results were
      consistent with the diagnosis of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL).
      Development of CLL in Sjogren's syndrome has seldom been described before and may
      be added to other malignancies associated with Sjogren's syndrome.

PMID- 3876600
TI  - Fibronectin binds to complement-coated agarose beads and increases their
      association to mouse macrophages.
AB  - We have studied the binding of fibronectin to complement (C3b, C3bi, C3d)-coated
      agarose beads and its effect on cell association of such beads to mouse
      macrophages. Fibronectin bound to agarose beads preincubated in human serum,
      whereas no binding occurred after preincubation of the beads with complement
      inactivated (50 degrees C for 20 min or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) sera.
      The binding of iodine-labelled fibronectin to beads preincubated in fibronectin
      depleted serum (HS-FIB) was about twice that of beads preincubated in normal
      serum. Unlabelled fibronectin inhibited the following binding of labelled
      fibronectin to beads pretreated in HS-FIB. A similar amount of fibronectin bound
      to agarose beads coated with equimolar amounts of C3b, C3bi, or C3d, suggesting
      that the common domain C3d carries the main binding site(s) for fibronectin.
      Preincubation of serum-treated and trypsinized agarose beads with fibronectin led
      to an increased association (22%) of such beads to mouse macrophages. The results
      indicate that fibronectin promotes binding of complement-coated agarose beads to
      mouse macrophages, whereas the ingestion of the beads is mediated via complement
      C3 receptors.

PMID- 3876601
TI  - Turnover of dendritic cells in rat heart.
AB  - Taking advantage of the high class II (I-region-associated) antigen content of
      the tissue dendritic cells and monoclonal antibodies directed to the backbone
      determinants of the bone marrow donor strain, we have investigated the location
      and analysed the turnover rate of tissue dendritic cells in rat heart. Low
      numbers of class II-expressing, factor VIII-negative, non-phagocytic cells with
      dendritic appearance were observed between the heart muscle fibres. After
      irradiation with 960 rad, these cells were no longer visible but they reappeared
      (in lower numbers) on day 20, indicating that they are relatively radioresistant
      but the antigen expression is radiosensitive. Transplantation of allogeneic bone
      marrow demonstrated that similar cells appeared from the transplanted bone marrow
      on day 10, and that these cells populated the heart at a maximum of 20-25 days
      after transplantation. This indicates a relatively rapid turnover rate,
      comparable with the turnover rate of dendritic cells in rat kidney and mouse
      lymphoid tissue.

PMID- 3876602
TI  - Intraperitoneal chemotherapy: the use of concurrent systemic neutralizing agents.
AB  - There is a very great pharmacologic advantage to the intraperitoneal
      administration of many agents active against human ovarian carcinoma. In
      principle, the use of a systemic neutralizing agent can further improve the
      therapeutic index of this approach. In the case of the cell cycle phase-specific
      antimetabolite methotrexate, systemic administration of leucovorin permits very
      long duration exposure to methotrexate. In the case of cisplatin, systemically
      administered thiosulfate appears to provide relatively specific protection for
      the kidneys, and this in turn permits a doubling of the plasma exposure to
      unneutralized cisplatin. These concepts are now ready for phase II trial.

PMID- 3876603
TI  - Management of chronic cholestasis in childhood.

PMID- 3876604
TI  - Using social epidemiology to understand who stays blind and who gets operated for
      cataract in a rural setting.

PMID- 3876605
TI  - [Obtaining monoclonal antibodies against human immunoglobulins].

PMID- 3876606
TI  - Reiter's syndrome in a black patient. A case report.
AB  - Reiter's syndrome is very rare in blacks in southern Africa. The occurrence, with
      florid symptoms and signs, in a black patient with the HLA B27 antigen is
      reported.

PMID- 3876607
TI  - The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. A case report.
AB  - A vagotomy and antrectomy was performed on a 15-year-old boy with a malignant
      gastrinoma for emergency control of massive upper gastro-intestinal haemorrhage
      from a large posterior penetrating duodenal ulcer in the presence of jejunal
      ulceration and liver metastases. Hypergastrinaemia was confirmed by elevated
      serum gastrin levels. In the short term postoperatively the patient's disease has
      been controlled with oral cimetidine. Although controversy continues over the
      efficacy of cimetidine in the management of gastrinomas, medical treatment should
      be considered as an alternative to total gastrectomy in children with malignant
      gastrinomas because they are often slow-growing, indolent and compatible with
      long survival.

PMID- 3876608
TI  - Injection thrombosclerosis of esophageal varices.
AB  - It is now evident that injection sclerotherapy is a fast, effective method for
      controlling the acute variceal bleed. The results of sclerosis for control of
      acute variceal hemorrhage have been reported by many, including ourselves, and
      control rates vary from 78.0 to 95.0 per cent. Herein, we report a control rate
      of 94.7 per cent and a rebleeding rate of 22.0 per cent using a technical
      variation of sclerosis therapy. Thrombosclerosis is used soon after admission to
      the emergency room as a first line treatment to control variceal bleeding, often
      in lieu of the Sengstaken tube. Follow-up injections are scheduled at increasing
      intervals to achieve definitive control of the varices and are an essential
      feature of sclerotherapy as a management option.

PMID- 3876609
TI  - Meningioma of the third ventricle.
AB  - Meningiomas of the anterior third ventricle are extremely rare; the authors
      present a case of a fibroblastic meningioma that obstructed the foramen of Monro
      and was associated with a hypertrophic calcified choroid plexus.

PMID- 3876610
TI  - [Acute dysentery complicated by recurrent intestinal hemorrhage].

PMID- 3876611
TI  - [E-RFC (T cells) and Ig-positive cells (B cells) in the peripheral blood of
      patients with lymphogranulomatosis and possible immunocorrection with
      levamisole].
AB  - Forty patients with Hodgkin's disease were examined for cell-mediated immunity.
      Analysis of peripheral blood showed a decrease in the relative and absolute E-RFU
      counts depending on the disease stages. The changes in B-cells bearing surface
      immunoglobulins were negligible. E-RFC (T-cells) prevailed in the spleen of
      patients with Hodgkin's disease. However, some of the patients had a high enough
      count of B-cells in the spleen and peripheral blood. Multiple modality treatment
      for Hodgkin's disease, radiation therapy in particular, aggravated disorders of
      cell-mediated immunity. Thirty-one patients received levamisole at the definite
      stages of multiple modality treatment with a purpose of correcting cell-mediated
      immunity disorders. Two schemes of levamisole intake were tried. The drug was
      given in a dose of 150 mg for 21 days, the total dose amounting to 3, 150 mg, or
      in a dose of 150 mg for 4 days with a 10-day interval, the total dose being 2,
      100 mg. Only two patients noted side effects one of them had a "gas taste" in the
      mouth, whereas the other one skin itch and urticaria that did not require any
      treatment. Application of levamisole increased the relative and absolute E-RFU
      counts, absolute lymphocyte count. Patients on levamisole noted the improvement
      of the well-being.

PMID- 3876612
TI  - [Colony-stimulating activity of bone marrow preparations in patients with
      different pathology of the blood].
AB  - The authors offer a method for cultivating trepanobiopsies in the agar drop
      liquid medium system to measure the intramedullary colony-stimulating activity
      (CSA) in patients with different pathological conditions of the blood system. In
      patients with chronic idiopathic neutropenia and aplastic anemia, the CSA of the
      whole bone marrow tissue ranges within normal. In patients with recurrent acute
      myelo- and leukoblastic leukemias, the CSA of trepanobiopsies is lowered. During
      a remission, in these patients and in those with hemopoietic dysplasia the CSA of
      the whole bone marrow tissue ranges within normal. There is a positive
      correlation between the CSA of trepanobiopsies and the number of mature
      granulocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with acute myeloleukemia and
      lymphoblastic leukemias and a negative correlation between the CSA and the number
      of blast cells in the blood and bone marrow of patients with acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia. It has been thus shown that intramedullary level of the CSA plays a
      great part in regulation of granulomonocytopoiesis in health and different
      pathological conditions. It is assumed that stromal elements of the bone marrow
      may release a factor that is triggered by the colony-stimulating factor or by
      this factor-synthesizing cells.

PMID- 3876613
TI  - [Role of the stroma of the hematopoietic organs in the development of hematologic
      diseases. Intramedullary regulation of granulomonocytopoiesis].
AB  - Bone marrow trepanobiopsies were cultivated in the agar drop-liquid medium
      system. A total of 155 subjects with different diseases of the blood system and
      31 controls were examined. It was shown that prolonged cultivation of
      trepanobiopsies makes it possible to functionally evaluate the stromal elements
      of the bone marrow. The whole medullary tissue is characterized by marked
      heterogeneity as regards its ability to synthesize humoral stimulants of
      granulomonocytopoiesis. The colony-stimulating ability (CSA) of this tissue
      combines the CSA of the hemopoietic and stromal cells. In bone marrow deficiency
      of varying degree, the function of the bone marrow stroma is highly activated.
      The trepanobiopsy areas short of the hemopoietic tissue possess a higher ability
      to form a monolayer on the dish surface. During AML and ALL relapses, the ability
      of the bone marrow stroma to synthesize the humoral stimulants is lowered,
      whereas the ability to form monolayers is less demonstrable. In diseases
      associated with the development of secondary fibrosis (CMF, CML, IP), the bone
      marrow stroma was discovered to be less capable of synthesizing the humoral
      stimulants, which provides evidence against the involvement of fibrous tissue in
      the formation of the total CSA of the bone marrow. It is assumed that fibroblasts
      and fatty cells are related histogenetically and that their proliferation is
      controlled by humoral factors.

PMID- 3876614
TI  - [Nature of stromal elements of the human bone marrow capable of releasing humoral
      stimulators of precursor cells of granulomonocytopoiesis].
AB  - Whole bone marrow fragments of trepanobiopsies of the upper flaring portion of
      the ilium were cultivated over 1 to 8 weeks in a liquid phase of the agar drop
      liquid medium system. Fifty-two hematological patients and controls were examined
      in order to study the character of regeneration of different stromal cells and
      their role in the production of stimulants of precursor cells of
      granulomonocytopoiesis. It was shown that during cultivation of bone marrow
      fragments precursors of the stromal cells form a monolayer at the dish bottom,
      forming a capsule around the fragments and proliferating inside the medullary
      lacunae. Endosteum is the main source of the regeneration of the stromal
      elements. The studies did not reveal any relationship between the colony
      stimulating activity of the trepanobiopsies and the area occupied in them by
      sinuses, fibrous and osseous tissue. A positive correlation was established
      between the CSA and the number of fatty cells. The magnitude of the area of the
      stromal cell monolayer did not influence colony formation. Based on the data
      obtained the authors suggest that fatty acids are the main producers of the CSA
      within the system under consideration.

PMID- 3876615
TI  - [A case of lymphocytic leukemia (morphological and immunological
      characteristics)].

PMID- 3876616
TI  - Cryoaggregation in von Willebrand's disease and other patient groups and the
      mechanism involved.

PMID- 3876617
TI  - The mode of inheritance of the HLA-linked gene predisposing to narcolepsy.
AB  - Analysis of data from two published studies (Juji et al. 1984, Langdon et al.
      1984) allows rejection of a recessive mode of inheritance for the HLA linked gene
      predisposing to narcolepsy and favors an additive or dominant model with possible
      incomplete penetrance.

PMID- 3876618
TI  - Immunological consequences of dioctyltin dichloride (DOTC)-induced thymic injury.
AB  - Inbred rats fed diets containing 75 ppm dioctyltin dichloride (DOTC) for 8 or 12
      weeks demonstrated marked reduction in thymic weight. This reduction was
      accompanied by a decrease in the number of W3/25 positive phenotypic circulating
      lymphocytes and an impaired ability to respond to suboptimal mitogenic
      stimulation. Responsiveness to alloantigenic stimulation, as measured by mixed
      leucocyte reactions, was depressed in DOTC-fed animals whereas no effect on
      natural cytotoxicity in nonimmunized treated or control rats was evident. No
      difference was found in the ability of treated compared to untreated animals to
      mount specific antibody responses against sheep red blood cells, and no evidence
      was found to indicate toxicity to lymphocytes in vivo. The investigation showed
      that DOTC administration resulted in a selective immunodeficiency.

PMID- 3876619
TI  - [Combined treatment of alveolitis patients].

PMID- 3876621
TI  - [Clinical aspects and therapy of hemorrhage in the mouth].

PMID- 3876620
TI  - [Relationship of the indices of the T-, B- and A-immune systems of patients with
      phlegmons of the maxillofacial area].

PMID- 3876622
TI  - Risk of stroke during coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with
      internal carotid artery disease documented by angiography.
AB  - We retrospectively identified 144 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass
      graft (CABG) surgery in the presence of angiographically documented greater than
      or equal to 50% internal carotid stenosis or occlusion. Of these, 115 patients
      had bilateral carotid lesions and received combined operations involving carotid
      endarterectomy on only one side. The remaining 29 patients, including 11 with
      bilateral carotid lesions, underwent coronary bypass alone. Nine cerebral
      infarcts occurred (6%), but only three strokes (2%) were appropriate to the
      cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to unoperated carotid stenosis. There was one
      stroke (3%) among the 29 patients who did not undergo combined procedures. In the
      group of 115 patients with bilateral carotid disease who received unilateral
      combined carotid endarterectomy there were 8 perioperative strokes (7%), of which
      6 were ipsilateral to the endarterectomy. Asymptomatic unilateral less than 90%
      ICA stenosis or ICA occlusion does not increase stroke risk during CABG surgery.

PMID- 3876623
TI  - Effects of age and sex on certain metabolic functions and mitogenic activity in
      rat thymocytes.
AB  - In female and male Sprague-Dawley CD rats, both total mass and thymocyte content
      of thymus gland peaked during the second month of life and then declined with
      age. Values of both 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake and thymidine incorporation in
      thymocytes were higher in cells from females than from males in all age groups
      studied, these differences being significant only at 3 months of age and onward.
      In cells from both sexes, thymocyte 2-DG uptake and thymidine incorporation were
      at maximum at the first and second months of age, respectively. Thereafter, in
      cells from males, 2-DG uptake and thymidine incorporation declined rapidly with
      advancing age; whereas in cells from females, these functions started to decline
      only after 6 months. In both freshly isolated and cultured cells, the
      concanavalin A (Con A)-induced increase in thymidine incorporation was also
      affected by age, peaking at about 3 months. The proportionate effect of Con A on
      thymidine incorporation was similar in cells of both sexes, but because of
      differences in basal values, the absolute increase in thymidine incorporation
      produced by Con A was higher in cells from females than from males. Since
      thymocytes are the progenitors of T-cells, these changes in the number and
      function of thymocytes may be the forerunner of similar functional abnormalities
      that are seen in circulating T-cells, but at a later age.

PMID- 3876624
TI  - The C57BL/6 nu/nu lpr/lpr mouse. I. Expression of the 'lpr phenotype' in the
      C57BL/6 genetic background.
AB  - The C57BL/6 lpr/lpr mice develop within 3-6 moths a series of abnormalities of
      their immune system which characterize the 'lpr phenotype' and allow them to be
      distinguished easily from normal C57BL/6 as well as from C57BL/6 nu/nu:
      lymphadenopathy, hyperimmunoglobulinemia, high anti-nuclear antibody titers and,
      less regularly, anti-whole DNA antibody. Though C57BL/6 nu/nu occasionally
      present auto-antibody too, the combined use of three or four of the
      aforementioned parameters for each tested animal allows an easy detection of
      animals presenting the lpr phenotype. In our C57BL/6 lpr/lpr colony, the
      lymphadenopathy does not seem to start by chance in any lymphoid organ but shows
      a very strong preferential occurrence in the cervical lymph nodes. These
      parameters of the lpr phenotype have been used to trace the lpr genes and to
      construct the C57BL/6 nu/nu lpr/lpr as described in the companion paper.

PMID- 3876625
TI  - The effect of calf thymus extract (TFX) on human T lymphocyte and neutrophil
      mobility and chemotactic response in vitro.
AB  - Calf thymus extract (TFX) was found to increase in vitro normal human T
      lymphocyte and granulocyte mobility, having no effect on their chemotactic
      response. TFX, when placed in the lower part of the chemotactic chamber was found
      to act as a chemotactic factor, even stronger than NHS and casein.

PMID- 3876626
TI  - [The home for the aged: a source of growing concern (2). Behavior assessment over
      a 2 1/2-year period].
AB  - In 1983 we published the results of 12 months of behaviour assessment in an old
      people's home. We noticed an increase in physical and psychosocial problems. In
      the following 18 months we observed a further increase, both in the cross
      sectional group as well as in the longitudinal group. Newly admitted people have
      rather serious problems from the onset. Furthermore, there is a marked increase
      from then on. The most vulnerable category consists of those elderly who die or
      are relocated to a nursing home within a short period of time. In the past the
      temporary increase in care for this group was compensated by the admittance of
      relatively healthy and young people. This equilibrium is now disturbed by the
      more advanced age and greater dependency of newly admitted elderly. In our
      research we find minor differences in psychosocial aspects between people dying
      and those relocated to a nursing home. The question remains, whether people in
      their last period of life should be relocated to a nursing home. We think the old
      people's home has an important task here. Because the lack of social contact
      plays an important role in the development of other problems, we plead for
      interventions in this area. We mentioned two possible modes of intervention. Our
      first impression is rather positive.

PMID- 3876627
TI  - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in an aged subject with an aortic prosthesis].
AB  - An old patient with aortic prosthetic graft was admitted to the hospital with an
      upper gastro-intestinal bleeding. The prosthesis was seen protruding into the
      afferent loop of a previous gastrectomy. Despite immediate surgery to remove the
      aortic graft and to close the fistula, the patient died suddenly on the first
      postoperative day. A herald bleeding two months previously had passed without
      suspicion of a possible aorto-enteric fistula. The pathogenesis and clinical
      appearance of aorto-enteric fistulae are reviewed and the attitude in the elderly
      with aortic prostatic graft and upper gastro-intestinal blood loss is discussed.

PMID- 3876628
TI  - Pathology of eyes with intraocular lenses.
AB  - Pathological changes in eyes containing intraocular lenses were studied in the 28
      specimens which constitute the collection of eyes with intraocular lenses at
      Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis. Except for an occasional
      nest of lymphocytes, local areas of tissue thinning and fibrous reaction where
      there had been tissue compression, the striking finding in these eyes has been
      the lack of pathological response. Most of them showed a significant loss of
      endothelial cells but none had clinical corneal dystrophy.

PMID- 3876629
TI  - Complications of intraocular lenses in children.
AB  - Complications in a group of 91 children with congenital and traumatic cataracts
      in whom intraocular lenses (IOL) have been implanted have been studied. The
      influence of viscoelastic substances (Healon) in the prevention and treatment of
      some of these complications, and as a causal factor in others, is presented. Ten
      different styles of lenses were implanted allowing a comparison of the
      relationship between the type of lens fixation and the complications observed.

PMID- 3876630
TI  - Intraocular lenses: a histopathologic study of eyes and ocular tissues obtained
      surgically and postmortem.

PMID- 3876631
TI  - Induction of graft-versus-host disease by small intestinal allotransplantation in
      rats.
AB  - Adult male (LewisXBrown Norway) F1 (LBNF1) rats received heterotopic small
      intestinal transplants from Lewis donors. Lewis-to-Lewis and LBNF1-to-LBNF1
      isografts served as controls. All of the allograft recipients died after a median
      survival time of 16.2 days, but all isografted rats survived indefinitely. During
      the period of deterioration, allografted rats developed marked cutaneous erythema
      and became increasingly weak and cachectic. Histological changes of the skin,
      spleen, and grafts were characteristic of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). There
      was a marked degree of relative splenomegaly. Injection of spleen cells obtained
      from LBNF1 rats with clinical GVHD into the foot-pad of syngeneic LBNF1 rats
      resulted in significant enlargement of the ipsilateral popliteal lymph node. The
      degree of lymph node enlargement was comparable to that induced in LBNF1 rats by
      injection of normal Lewis spleen cells. These results clearly demonstrate the
      ability of the small intestinal allograft to cause rapid and fatal GVHD in rats
      that are incapable of graft rejection.

PMID- 3876632
TI  - Lack of a requirement for a maternal humoral immune response to establish or
      maintain successful allogeneic pregnancy.
AB  - In general, breeding pairs are not major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
      compatible, and therefore the fetoplacental unit can be considered as a natural
      allograft. In many mammals pregnancy leads to the production of nonlytic
      antibodies of antipaternal MHC specificity. It has been suggested that these
      protect the semiallogeneic fetus from rejection by acting as blocking or
      enhancing factors--or, alternatively, that they are part of a humoral response
      involved in the establishment of normal pregnancy. These hypotheses were tested
      in allomated mice made B cell deficient by continuous treatment with alpha IgM mu
      antiserum. The status of the maternal immune system was assessed by in vivo
      antibody production, in vitro mitogen responses, and allograft rejection. By
      these criteria B cell function could not be demonstrated in alpha IgM mu treated
      female mice, but T cell responses were unaffected. Allogeneic pregnancy, however,
      was not compromised by this humoral immune system dysfunction--litter size and
      neonatal survival being the same in the alpha IgM mu and control serum-treated
      groups. These results indicate that a maternal humoral immune response is not
      essential for the establishment of pregnancy or the survival of the
      semiallogeneic fetus.

PMID- 3876633
TI  - Suppression of antibody response to transfusions in rats by preconditioning with
      antibody-coated cells.
AB  - In a Lewis-BN rat model, the antibody response to transfused blood cells from
      strongly histoincompatible donors was suppressed by preincubation of blood with
      specific antidonor antiserum or broadly reactive heterologous antilymphocyte
      serum (ALS). Suppression was achieved even when excess antiserum was removed by
      washing prior to injection. The suppressive effect was dose-dependent. Broadly
      reactive ALS was even more effective than specific antidonor antiserum in
      inhibiting the primary antibody response. Lewis animals pretreated three times
      with ALS-coated BN blood showed no secondary antibody response against subsequent
      BN-blood booster injections. Our experiments may be relevant for the prevention
      of undesired sensitization to donor-specific transfusions prior to related donor
      kidney transplantation.

PMID- 3876634
TI  - Lethal graft-versus-host reaction induced by parental cells in the clawed frog,
      Xenopus laevis.
AB  - (J X K)F1 hybrid frogs, Xenopus laevis, were produced by mating between the MHC
      homozygous but distinct "J" and "K" group frogs. When the spleen or splenocytes
      from parental J were transplanted into the F1 frogs, a typical graft-versus-host
      reaction (GVHR) was induced that included wasting and death, accompanied by a
      prominent spleen enlargement and other histological changes in skin and lymphoid
      organs. To induce the reaction, sensitization against F1 cells prior to transfer
      of spleen was necessary. The reaction was accelerated when the parental donor
      cells had been sensitized by gamma-irradiated leukocytes from the F1 hybrid. The
      injection of presensitized triploid J splenocytes into F1 hybrids followed by
      ploidy analyses revealed that the donor cells constituted the major cell
      population in host lymphoid organs--such as the spleen, liver, and kidney--but
      not the thymus. These observations provide the first clear evidence in
      poikilothermic vertebrates for GVHR caused by parental lymphocytes.

PMID- 3876635
TI  - Management of typhoid.
AB  - Typhoid fever is still a major problem in developing Third World countries where
      socioeconomic conditions and standards of hygiene are still well below standard.
      Prophylaxis is far from satisfactory. However, recent developments using live
      oral vaccines are encouraging. Specific treatment for the disease consists of
      chloramphenicol or co-trimoxazole; amoxycillin and ampicillin are inferior agents
      but are of value in several situations because their potential toxic effects are
      less marked. Most other agents also have drawbacks or are relatively ineffective.
      In the severely toxic patient, corticosteroids seem to affect prognosis
      favourably. Of the many other acute complications of typhoid fever, ileal
      perforation is the most serious; there is still controversy concerning the
      respective roles of conservative and surgical management, but it is clear that
      individual cases must be assessed on their merit. Amoxycillin, because it is very
      rapidly absorbed and produces very high blood concentrations, is probably the
      best antibiotic for the carrier state.

PMID- 3876636
TI  - [Stimulating action of cadmium on the Na-dependent transport of organic acid in
      the frog kidney].
AB  - Cadmium ions (10(-5)-10(-3) M) stimulate Na-dependent transport of a weak organic
      acid, fluorescein, into the proximal tubules of surviving frog kidney. Their
      stimulatory action ceases with increasing the duration of incubation to 45-60
      minutes (stimulation does not disappear after introducing acetate into the
      incubating medium), in the presence of amiloride in the tubular lumen or in the
      absence of Na+ from the medium. The data obtained in the present work coincide
      with the previously reported evidence of the influence of Cd2+ on the Na
      independent fluorescein transport into the proximal tubules of rat kidney. They
      are in good accordance with the suggestion that the effect of Cd2+ of the weak
      organic acid transport is mediated through an acceleration of the active
      reabsorption of Na+ with the accompanying activation of Na,K-ATPase.

PMID- 3876637
TI  - Changes in ultrasonic attenuation and backscatter of muscle with state of
      contraction.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated that backscatter (uncompensated for attenuation)
      of canine myocardium varies systematically throughout the cardiac cycle and in
      relation to regional contractile performance. To elucidate these phenomena under
      conditions independent of blood flow and complex myofibrillar architecture, we
      measured attenuation with a phase-insensitive receiver and backscatter over a
      wide range of frequencies in an intermittently tetanized (10 stimulations),
      isolated frog gastrocnemius preparation (n = 12 muscles). Muscle contraction, as
      compared with relaxation, was associated with increased values of slope of
      attenuation (0.78 +/- 0.04 vs 0.58 +/- 0.03 dB/(cm MHz); p less than 0.001) and
      increased values of integrated backscatter (-29.5 +/- 0.9 vs -35.5 +/- 0.8 dB; p
      less than 0.005). Differences in attenuation and backscatter diminished with the
      number of muscle stimulations (as the muscle fatigued). Thus, quantitative
      ultrasonic indices of skeletal muscle vary systematically with the contractile
      performance of the tissue. Extrapolation of these results to cardiac muscle
      suggests that the sensitivity of these indices to contractile function of muscle
      may provide an approach for noninvasive assessment of intrinsic properties of
      myocardium that determines its performance.

PMID- 3876638
TI  - [Diagnostic possibilities of traditional and modified methods of the rotatory
      test in otiatric practice].

PMID- 3876639
TI  - [Diagnostic informative value of various indicators of rotatory nystagmus].

PMID- 3876640
TI  - [Method of treatment of vasomotor rhinitis].

PMID- 3876641
TI  - [Possibilities of using bilateral caloric test in the diagnosis of Meniere's
      disease].

PMID- 3876642
TI  - Clinical and histological features of primary progressive, familial thyroiditis
      in a colony of borzoi dogs.
AB  - A six-year study of clinical data and the morphologic changes involved in
      lymphocytic thyroiditis in a colony of related borzoi dogs was conducted. Lesions
      observed included initial degenerative thyroidal parenchymal changes which
      progressed to subacute inflammation with subsequent fibrosis and end stage
      thyroid gland disease. This study encompasses three successive generations of
      this borzoi colony and documents the progression of the histologic changes from
      the initial thyroid gland degenerative lesions to the end stage parenchymal
      atrophy. Spontaneous, familial thyroiditis has not been reported previously in
      the borzoi breed.

PMID- 3876643
TI  - [Prevention of adverse side-effects of nonsteroidal antirheumatic agents].

PMID- 3876644
TI  - [Genetic and immunologic aspects of synovitis after viral infection].

PMID- 3876645
TI  - [Effect of vitamin D2 on the monooxygenase activity of the rat liver].
AB  - Stimulation of lipid peroxidation in the liver microsomal fraction and alteration
      in the xenobiotic metabolism were found within twelve hrs after a single vitamin
      D2 administration (960,000 MU/kg) into male rats. The effects observed appear to
      occur due to the vitamin D2 prooxidative properties.

PMID- 3876646
TI  - [Immunological criteria of the indications for performing prophylactic
      chemotherapy in persons with a hyperergic Mantoux test].

PMID- 3876647
TI  - [Prevention of rheumatism].

PMID- 3876648
TI  - [Selected aspects of work disability and the health status of workers].

PMID- 3876649
TI  - [Sports accidents as a cause of temporary work disability].

PMID- 3876650
TI  - [Review of ambulatory neurologic and psychiatric treatment morbidity in the
      capital city of Berlin].

PMID- 3876651
TI  - [Chronic diseases in childhood--a study on morbidity].

PMID- 3876652
TI  - [Ulcus molle: clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects].

PMID- 3876653
TI  - [Effect of zinc content in the fodder on cadmium retention in the liver and
      kidneys in chickens].
AB  - The influence of zinc content in the diet on cadmium retention in the liver and
      kidney was studied in growing chicks. Cadmium and zinc concentrations used were
      similar to those occurring in normally feeds. Increasing cadmium levels in feeds
      resulted in increasing cadmium concentrations in organs. The cadmium levels in
      liver were about half as high as in kidneys. Physical conditions and growth rate
      of the chicks remained unaffected by the cadmium feeding. Cadmium retention in
      liver and kidneys was related to the zinc content of the diet. Feeding zinc
      deficient diets resulted in a 40% higher cadmium retention than feeding adequate
      zinc diets (50 mg/kg). Excessive zinc levels had no additional effect on cadmium
      retention.

PMID- 3876654
TI  - [Trace element content and reactivity of DPT adsorbate vaccines].

PMID- 3876655
TI  - [Daily variations in pregnancy hormones].
AB  - In a prospective study estriol, estradiol, progesterone, human placental lactogen
      (HPL) prolactin and SP1 (a placental glycoprotein specific for pregnancy), were
      performed in the second half of uncomplicated pregnancies in order to answer the
      question if there exist a circadian rhythm of these hormones in serum. All serum
      concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay at 8.00, 10.00, 16.00, 20.00,
      24.00 and 4.00 o'clock. 58 pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancies show no
      circadian rhythm of serum levels from estriol, progesterone, HPL and SP1, while
      serum levels of estradiol and prolactin have a significant circadian rhythm. The
      estradiol serum levels are significant higher at 8.00 and 12.00 o'clock,
      significant less at 24.00 and 4.00 o'clock. The prolactin serum levels are
      significant less at 16.00 and 20.00, at 4.00 and 8.00 significant higher. In 20
      pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and 12 pregnancies complicated by
      intrauterine growth retardation serum levels of all hormones were measured at
      8.00, 10.00, 16.00, 20.00, 24.00 and 4.00 o'clock. The serum concentrations in
      complicated pregnancies show no difference to the serum levels in uncomplicated
      pregnancies.

PMID- 3876656
TI  - [Can premature birth rate be reduced by preventive cerclage? A retrospective
      statistical analysis on the effect and value of cerclage using the Bavarian
      Perinatal Survey 1978-1980].
AB  - There is no simple correlation between cerclage rates and premature birth-rates.
      This concludes that premature birth-rates cannot be reduced by extending the
      cerclage. In all comparable categories the premature birth-rate was higher in
      groups which used the cerclage than those ones which did not use the cerclage
      even though a) the risk of social economical premature birth-rates was reduced
      and b) care was intensified for pregnancy cases. Cerclage groups have a higher
      percentage of case history risks than the non-cerclage groups. There is a direct
      relationship between the social status and the premature births. The case history
      of premature birth risks cannot be reduced using the cerclage especially with
      women who have previously had 2 abortions or premature births. When placenta
      previa occurs the cerclage does not reduce premature births. In the case of
      cervix insufficiency and early labor the cerclage reduces the premature birth
      rate. Extended prophylactic cerclage cannot be used to diminish premature births.

PMID- 3876657
TI  - [Can by preventive cervix cerclage the premature birth rate in multiple pregnancy
      be reduced? A retrospective statistical analysis on effectiveness of cerclage
      using the Bavarian Perinatal Survey 1978-1980].
AB  - Through a retrospective statistical analyzation of 3081 multiple births with 907
      cerclage of BPE from 1978-1980, among which included 77 multiple births and 61
      Cerclage cases of the Amberg gynecology clinic, could be proved that the liberal
      use of prophylactic cerclages could not reduce the premature birth rate of
      multiple birth pregnancies.

PMID- 3876658
TI  - Local administration of (15 S)-15-methyl PGF2 alpha for management of hypotonic
      post-partum hemorrhage.
AB  - Local (uterine) injection of (15 S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha was highly
      effective as first-aid treatment for hypotonic post-partum hemorrhage and only 2%
      of the 50 treated patients required surgical intervention for such hemorrhage.
      Systemic side-effects did not occur, and besides the procedure is extremely
      simple as well as painless.

PMID- 3876659
TI  - [Causes of neonatal mortality 1981-1983: a regional analysis].
AB  - We studied perinatal care and causes of death in 182 newborn infants who died
      during the first 28 days of life in the children's hospitals of Bochum, Datteln,
      and Essen in 1981-1983. Birth weight was below 2 500 g in 73%, cerebral
      hemorrhage was found in 15% of the infants. Most common causes of death were
      cardiorespiratory maladaptation (60%), congenital malformation (27%), and severe
      infection (12%). 90 infants died on the first day, 138 within the first week of
      life. A matched pair analysis comparing 153 deaths above 750 g with survivors of
      similar birth weight demonstrated preventable factors in half of the neonatal
      deaths: hypothermia, acidosis, blindbuffer and volume therapy, and hyperglycemia.
      More infants survived when born during the daylight hours and when a pediatrician
      was present at birth. Mortality and incidence of hypothermia were higher in small
      maternity units. In order to reduce neonatal mortality further, regional
      perinatal centres for high risk deliveries should be developed in Nordrhein
      Westfalen.

PMID- 3876660
TI  - [Generalized zoster in 2 girls responding well to therapy with intravenous
      acyclovir].

PMID- 3876661
TI  - [Experiences with lateral electric surface stimulation in the treatment of
      progressive idiopathic scoliosis].
AB  - Up to now, 106 patients were treated by the muscle stimulation method for
      scoliosis after Axelgaard at the Orthopaedic University Hospital. We introduced
      this procedure in 1979. 43 curves could be improved whereas 19 deteriorated also
      under this treatment. 44 curves did not show any change. At the start of
      treatment, the average age was 11.3 years, the average angle 21 degrees. It
      appeared that thoracolumbar curves were best to be influenced. Furthermore, there
      were better results in angles below 30 degrees than above 30 degrees, and in
      patients below 13 years than above 13 years. Accordingly, the muscle stimulation
      therapy is indicated as an early treatment in mild scolioses.

PMID- 3876663
TI  - [T- and B-lymphoid populations in syphilis].

PMID- 3876662
TI  - [Characteristics of immunological status in acute pneumonia (interrelations
      between T-, B- and A-systems of immunity)].

PMID- 3876664
TI  - [Mandibular joint pain--a soft tissue rheumatic disease?].
AB  - Results from female patients suffering from temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain
      syndrome show that the majority of them also suffer from pain in other regions of
      the body. Temporomandibular joint disease represents a part of a "general myalgia
      syndrome" or of rheumatism of the soft tissues. The severity of the disease
      depends upon individual personality and conditions of life.

PMID- 3876665
TI  - [Personality structure of chronic rheumatically ill females].
AB  - 80 female patients were tested for personality differences by the Freiburg
      Personality Inventory and the Giessen Test Self Image. They were divided into
      four groups with 20 patients each, suffering from rheumatoid arthritis,
      ankylosing spondylitis, spondylosis and coxarthrosis. While RA patients did not
      significantly differ from AS patients, nor spondylosis patients from coxarthrosis
      patients, certain personality differences were detected between the patients with
      inflammatory and those with degenerative rheumatic diseases. These results,
      however, do not allow us to draw the conclusion that a "degenerative or
      inflammatory rheumatic personality" exists. Besides the Giessen Test Self Image
      the Giessen Test Self Ideal was also administered to all of the patients. In all
      four groups the desire for a better basic mood and less depression was
      prevailing. RA patients also wanted more "social resonance" and "predominance".
      AS patients wanted significantly less "control" and more "responsiveness". These
      components should be given special consideration in the psychological care of
      rheumatic patients.

PMID- 3876666
TI  - Faecal endotoxin and activity of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue in patients
      with malignant (B-cell) lymphoma.
AB  - On the basis of previously obtained evidence that Gram-negative bacteria may
      influence the activity of leukaemia, a study of the composition of the flora, the
      immune stimulation by the Gram-negative bacteria and the endotoxin concentration
      in faeces was conducted in patients with low-grade malignant B-cell lymphoma as
      well as in patients with acute leukaemia. In these patients it was investigated
      whether the number of facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria in the faeces
      correlated with endotoxin concentration. In addition, IgA coating of Gram
      negative bacteria in the faeces was determined and the titre of circulating
      antibodies to endogenous Enterobacteriaceae species from the faeces of the
      corresponding patient was studied. No clear difference was found to exist in the
      percentage of IgA-coated Gram-negative bacteria in the faeces and in the
      circulating antibody titres to endogenous Enterobacteriaceae between healthy
      control persons, lymphoma patients and patients with acute leukaemia.
      Antimicrobial treatment to establish selective decontamination (SD) of
      Enterobacteriaceae species from the digestive tract did cause a significant
      decrease in the faecal endotoxin concentration in a subset of patients treated
      for SD with polymyxin.

PMID- 3876667
TI  - [Plasmalogen distribution in the subcellular fractions of the vertebrate brain].
AB  - Studies have been made on plasmalogen and diacylic forms of phospholipids, i. e.
      phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine (their relative content and
      ratio), in subcellular fractions isolated from the brain of the trout Salmo
      trideus, frog Rana temporaria, pigeon Columba livia, tortoise Testudo horsfieldi,
      and rabbit. Investigation was carried out on 5 subcellular fractions (myelin,
      nuclei, microsomes, mitochondria, synaptosomes) as well as on brain homogenates.
      In all the fractions, relative content of plasmalogens is the lowest in the
      trout, increasing in parallel with the increase in the complexity of the nervous
      system and reaching the highest values in pigeons and rabbits.

PMID- 3876668
TI  - [Staphylococcal infection in guinea pigs sensitized with a commercial
      staphylococcal allergen].
AB  - Guinea pigs, previously injected with commercial staphylococcal allergen to
      induce delayed hypersensitivity, were infected by the intramuscular injection of
      S. aureus in a nonlethal dose. For control, the animals receiving only S. aureus
      were used. The dynamic study of the degree of septicemia and some lymphocytic
      characteristics in the animals was made. The study revealed that delayed
      hypersensitivity did not aggravate the course of the main disease; on the
      contrary, it rendered protection against the subsequent infection. Increased
      resistance to infection was manifested by a decrease in the degree of septicemia,
      determined from the decreased number of colony-forming units of S. aureus in the
      splenic tissue as assessed by inoculation into agar, as well as from a higher
      level of the activation of lymphocytes as assessed by rosette formation.

PMID- 3876669
TI  - [Increase in the efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in multiple sclerosis].
AB  - Using modern tests (rosette formation, radial immunodiffusion, complement
      titration), 42 patients with the cerebrospinal form of multiple sclerosis were
      examined. The patients were divided into different categories on the basis of the
      ratios between lymphocyte populations in the peripheral blood. Corticosteroid
      therapy was indicated only when hypersensitization of the B-system of immunity
      was predominant. In other cases corticosteroids led to the aggravation of immune
      deficiency with regard to T-suppressors and clinical deterioration. The
      mechanisms of action of corticosteroids and the prospects of their employment in
      multiple sclerosis are discussed.

PMID- 3876670
TI  - Pilot project for registering acute myocardial infarctions in Belgium.
AB  - In order to prepare Belgian participation in the International Study "Monitoring
      of trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease (MONICA)", a pilot project
      for registration of acute myocardial infarctions was organized in the Flemish
      city of Ghent and the Walloon city of Charleroi. Thanks to the collaboration of
      449 general practitioners and 17 hospitals, 790 acute coronary events (fatal and
      non-fatal) were registrated during one year among the 251 000, 25 to 69 year old,
      inhabitants of Ghent and Charleroi. The registration procedures, strictly
      standardized between the two cities, allowed comparison of the incidence data. In
      males, the total incidence of acute myocardial infarction is 10% higher in
      Charleroi than in Ghent. In the female population, the incidence is 37% higher in
      the Walloon city compared to the Flemish city.

PMID- 3876671
TI  - Prevention of coronary heart disease: health knowledge, health attitude and fat
      consumption in a random sample of Belgian physicians.
AB  - Health knowledge, health attitude and fat consumption has been explored in a
      random sample of 2150 Belgian physicians below age 71; the response rate was
      60.7%. Health knowledge, health attitude and fat consumption are significantly
      intercorrelated. Comparing general practitioners (G.Ps) to specialists, non
      significant differences were observed in terms of health knowledge whereas health
      attitude was more positive in G.Ps who, on the other hand, had a lower saturated
      fat intake score. Dutch speaking physicians had a higher health knowledge score
      whereas their fat intake score was significantly lower (less saturated fats)
      compared to their French counterparts. Differences in eating patterns between the
      French and Dutch speaking Belgian population are also observed in Belgian
      physicians.

PMID- 3876672
TI  - Prenylamine inhibition of adriamycin-induced myocardiopathy.
AB  - Adriamycin (ADM) is an effective antineoplastic drug. However, ADM induces
      alterations in cardiac function which limit the safe dose which can be
      administered. As it was suggested that ADM-induced cardiomyopathy is related to a
      calcium mediated necrosis and/or an increase in lipid peroxidation, the
      cardioprotective potential of prenylamine (PNL) (a well known calcium
      antagonistic drug) was evaluated in rabbits given chronically large doses of ADM.
      Twenty five rabbits were allotted to 4 groups. Group I (PNL-ADM) was given 334 +/
      82 mg of PNL and 12.2 +/- 3.8 mg of ADM, group II (water-ADM) 14.4 +/- 4.6 of
      ADM, group III (PNL-saline) 280 +/- 91 mg of PNL and group IV (water-saline),
      same doses as ADM and PNL. Rabbits were sacrificed between 38 and 65 days after
      the beginning of the trial. In group I weight increased only 13% and in group II,
      39% (p less than 0.01). Correlation coefficients were significant for variations
      of weight and ADM-doses (r = 0.875). In group II 8/10 rabbits showed post
      treatment electrocardiographic changes, while group I changes were found in a
      lesser extent (5/10). Heart homogenates from ADM-treated rabbits showed an
      increased lipoperoxidation (74 +/- 5 cpm/mg protein X 10(-3) as compared with the
      control animals (58 +/- 6 cpm/mg protein X 10(-3) (p less than 0.05), while PNL
      treatment did not alter myocardial lipoperoxidation. Microscopically, myocardial
      fibers had from mild to severe hydropic vacuolization of sarcoplasm which led to
      progressive myocytolysis. Myocardial damage was lower in group I (ADM-PNL), 41.7
      +/- 7.6 than in group II (water-ADM), 104 +/- 10.8 (p less than 0.05). It is
      suggested that ADM-peroxidation effects lead to lipoperoxidation with membrane
      damage and increase in Ca++ permeability, the latter being counteracted by PNL.

PMID- 3876673
TI  - Diagnosis of coronary artery disease by radionuclide ventriculography during
      stress: handgrip and cold pressor.
AB  - Radionuclide ventriculography during stress has been shown a useful and non
      invasive technique for detecting left ventricular dysfunction induced by ischemia
      in association with coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to assess
      the usefulness of handgrip and cold pressor test as alternative stresses because
      of the limits that bicycle exercise presents when it is combined with multigated
      radionuclide ventriculography. A resting cardiac imaging was performed in 8
      healthy volunteers and in 21 patients with coronary artery disease. All of them
      repeated the examination during handgrip; 6 controls and 11 patients also
      underwent cold pressor test. Abnormal regional wall motion was observed in 17 of
      the 21 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent handgrip, while all
      the controls maintained a normal motility. The test elicited no significant
      difference in average ejection fraction in both patients and normal subjects. All
      but one the patients who performed the cold pressor test showed an abnormal
      motility during the stress. Mean ejection fraction decreased significantly (p
      less than 0.05). All the controls had a normal response to cold pressor. Our
      results confirm that these two tests can be alternative to stress testing for
      detecting coronary artery disease by means of radionuclide ventriculography.

PMID- 3876674
TI  - Effect of higenamine on action potential of Purkinje and ventricular myocardial
      cells.
AB  - Action potentials of isolated Purkinje cells of dogs and the electrophysiological
      actions of higenamine on the dog's Purkinje cells were studied by glass
      microelectrodes. The actions of higenamine on the action potential of Purkinje
      cells were: (1) increase of amplitude of the plateau phase, (2) enhancement of
      repolarization of phase 3 and shortening of action potential duration (APD), (3)
      lower concentration of higenamine (10(-7) g/ml) causing shortening of APD without
      any significant change of the effective refractory period (ERP), and higher
      concentration (10(-6) g/ml) of it causing shortening of both APD and ERP, (4)
      higher concentration (10(-6) g/ml) of higenamine increasing the slope of phase 4,
      decreasing the threshold of depolarization, and increasing the automaticity of
      the Purkinje cells, (5) action of higenamine on the Purkinje cells only partially
      blocked by tetrodotoxin (TTX) and verapamil. The above facts suggest that: (1)
      higher concentration of higenamine may induce tachyarrhythmias, while lower
      concentration may prevent arrhythmias; (2) in low concentration of higenamine,
      there is a relative increase of ERP. Thus, higenamine seems to be safer than
      isoproterenol in the treatment of bradyarrhythmias.

PMID- 3876675
TI  - Eisenmenger's syndrome and pregnancy.
AB  - The Eisenmenger's syndrome (E.S.) was redefined by Wood (1958) as pulmonary
      hypertension with reversed or bidirectional shunt at the aortopulmonary,
      ventricular or atrial level. This eponym is applicable to 12 different congenital
      cardiac lesions. Pregnancy in patients with E.S. is a particularly hazardous
      situation in respect to the prohibitive features of maternal and perinatal
      mortality (Gleicher et al., 1979; Jones & Howitt, 1965; Neilson et al., 1971).

PMID- 3876676
TI  - Monoventricular origin of truncus arteriosus communis.
AB  - Two cases of monoventricular origin of TAC arising from the right and left
      ventricle respectively are reported. The authors comment on their implications
      with respect to the embryology and definition of TAC.

PMID- 3876677
TI  - Cell population obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage in Pneumocystis carinii
      pneumonitis.
AB  - In the course of bronchoalveolar lavages performed in 115 immunocompromised
      patients in order to investigate the occurrences of pneumonitis, Pneumocystis
      carinii pneumonia was diagnosed by demonstration of cysts in bronchoalveolar
      lavage specimens from 11 patients. The cellular phenomena associated with P.
      carinii infection at the level of the alveolar space were evaluated. Differential
      cell counts on bronchoalveolar lavage preparations stained by the May-Grunwald
      Giemsa method were performed in immunocompromised patients and in ten
      nonimmunocompromised patients without any respiratory disease. A decrease in the
      alveolar macrophage count associated with an increase in the polymorphonuclear
      neutrophil count and the presence of plasma cells and/or immunoblasts was highly
      suggestive of P. carinii pneumonia. These cellular changes in bronchoalveolar
      lavage specimens are discussed in relation to the pathologic features usually
      described in P. carinii pneumonia.

PMID- 3876678
TI  - Epidemiologic study of hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease) in
      Sardinia (1902-1983).
AB  - From 1902 to 1983, 68 cases of hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD) were
      discovered in Sardinia, with a mean frequency, in reference to number of live
      births, of 27.7 and a sex ratio of 1.83. The prevalence of the disease was seen
      to be higher over the last few decades. With regard to the geographic
      distribution of the disease, 3 high-frequency areas were evident, in Barbagia, in
      Campidano, and in the area surrounding the city of Sassari. In 38.23% of cases,
      the clinical picture was of hepatoneurologic type; hepatic forms have become more
      frequent over the last decades. The first symptoms were observed at mean age of
      15 years 8 months. The number of asymptomatic cases was fairly consistent
      (22.05%). The median survival rate in subjects who received inadequate therapy
      was 6 years 4 months. Only 3 patients of the 45 treated with adequate therapy
      died. The gene frequency, calculated by the application of Dahlberg's formula,
      was extremely high.

PMID- 3876679
TI  - The effect of treatment with Corynebacterium parvum on the development and growth
      of experimental hematogenic metastases of schwannoma in the rat.
AB  - Single i.v. administration of Corynebacterium parvum 5 days before i.v. injection
      of 10(6) tissue cultured syngeneic schwannoma cells in Lewis rats resulted in
      extension of survival time (P less than 0.05). There was a significant decrease
      in metastatic tumor incidence for lung, heart, and kidney and decreased lung
      tumor growth with approximately 50% of the lung tumor burden of untreated
      controls (P less than 0.05). Rats treated similarly with C. parvum 10 days after
      tumor cell injection showed no enhanced survival; to the contrary, their survival
      was shortened. Moreover, tumor incidence in the post-treated group was not
      significantly different from the control but significantly increased in
      comparison to the pretreated group. Enhanced lung tumor growth resulted in a
      final tumor burden about twice that of untreated controls (P less than 0.05).

PMID- 3876680
TI  - [Is there a possibility of electrophysiologic approach to the therapy of
      tinnitus?].

PMID- 3876681
TI  - The influence of parity, age and maturity of pregnancy on antimicrobial proteins
      in human milk.
AB  - Sequential samples of colostrum, transitional and mature milk from 47 women were
      investigated to determine the concentrations of 11S IgA, IgG, IgM, alpha 1
      antitrypsin, lactoferrin, lysozyme, B1A globulin (C3) and B1E globulin (C4) by
      single radial immunodiffusion. These were all found to be high in colostrum with
      a decline in concentration as lactation proceeds although a wide variation in
      concentration was noted between different individuals at any given post-partum
      time interval. For each time interval considered, parity, age and maturity of
      pregnancy did not appear to influence significantly the variation in protein
      concentrations. Statistical analyses of the results obtained from samples taken
      during the first four days of lactation, when protein concentrations were
      highest, showed that parity and age did influence the variation in antimicrobial
      protein concentrations when examined using an analysis of variance but
      significantly higher concentrations of protective proteins were not consistently
      seen in the milk from any one or more parity or age groups. Mean concentrations
      of all proteins excluding IgA were found to be greater in those women delivering
      before their expected date of confinement during the first four days of
      lactation. This was statistically significant for C3 and C4 and approaching
      significance (p less than 0.08) for alpha 1-antitrypsin.

PMID- 3876683
TI  - Psychological consequences of neonatal screening for alpha 1-antitrypsin
      deficiency. Parental reactions to the first news of their infants' deficiency.
AB  - Medical record information and retrospective parental reports at interview
      indicated that the 61 families were typically first contacted about the child's
      alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (ATD) during its first 6 months of life, when a
      physician called the mother on the telephone and told her at least something
      about the child's ATD. Most parents felt they had received unclear or inadequate
      information. A majority initially conceived of ATD as representing an imminent,
      serious danger to the child's health. Most of the mothers (78%) and many of the
      fathers (58%) reported having immediately had negative emotional reactions, most
      often worry, anxiety and fear. These reactions were often long-lasting and, in
      mothers, typically strong.

PMID- 3876682
TI  - A risk group's visits to medical services: five years' usage of well-baby and
      medical clinics by a group of children with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency.
AB  - Visits to medical services during the first 5 years of life for 61 children with
      alpha 1ATD (but without liver disease) and 61 demographically similar control
      children without ATD were studied for frequency, diagnosis, severity of
      illness/complaint and extent of treatment. No significant differences were found
      between the ATD and control groups on any of these variables, suggesting no
      increased sickliness in the ATD-group and no evidence of increased parental
      anxiety about the child's health reflected in medical visits for little or no
      physical abnormality.

PMID- 3876684
TI  - Bacteremia caused by a beta-lactamase producing strain of Branhamella
      catarrhalis. A case report.
AB  - A case of Branhamella catarrhalis bacteremia without known infectious focus in a
      granulocytopenic patient is reported. There were no unusual clinical features of
      bacteremia, such as purpura, in this case which distinguished it from bacteremia
      due to other bacteria. The isolated strain was beta-lactamase producing. The
      patient recovered uneventfully on antibiotics; at the same time, however, the
      bone marrow was also normalized.

PMID- 3876685
TI  - C1 dissociation in serum: estimation of free C1q by electroimmunoassay.
AB  - A two-stage electroimmunoassay was developed for measuring macromolecular C1
      (C1qrs) and free C1q. The method was based on Ca2+ dependent fixation of C1qrs to
      agarose, followed by immune precipitation of dissociated C1s in the presence of
      EDTA. Free C1q was estimated from the increase in C1qrs resulting from saturation
      of C1q in the samples with purified C1r-C1s. The assay system was studied under
      various experimental conditions. Combined analysis by electroimmunoassay and
      crossed immunoelectrophoresis indicated that part of the free C1q in undiluted
      normal serum could be attributed to physiological C1 activation. Owing to
      concentration dependent C1qrs dissociation the proportion of free C1q increased
      with the dilution of serum. Results obtained with serum and with purified C1qrs
      were consistent with the formation of an equimolar C1q:C1r-C1s complex. However,
      the capacity for C1r-C1s binding appeared to be higher in the purified system
      than in serum. Serum concentrations of free C1q were high in some of the patients
      with disease conditions characterized by increased C1 activation, such as
      systemic lupus erythematosus or primary biliary cirrhosis.

PMID- 3876686
TI  - Immunoglobulin synthesis in a patient with C4 deficiency: functional immaturity
      of peripheral blood lymphocytes.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from a systemic lupus erythematosus patient with
      homozygous C4 deficiency were stimulated in vitro. Although T cell independent
      stimulation (Epstein-Barr virus) induced normal proportions of IgM secreting
      cells. IgG and IgA secreting cells were almost absent. Virtually no
      immunoglobulin secretion was obtained after T cell dependent stimulation
      (pokeweed mitogen). Cell fractionation experiments indicated that the low
      pokeweed mitogen response, at least with regard to IgG and IgA production, was
      mainly due to impaired B-lymphocyte function. The serum IgG subclass distribution
      pattern of specific antibodies against certain carbohydrate antigens demonstrated
      a relative lack of IgG2 antibodies. The findings were consistent with functional
      immaturity of B lymphocytes in the patient.

PMID- 3876687
TI  - Harmine-, LON-954- and 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced tremors in rats withdrawn from
      ethanol.
AB  - The tremors induced by harmine, LON-954 (N-carbamoyl-2-(2,6
      dichlorophenyl)acetamidine hydrochloride) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) were
      studied in control rats and in rats withdrawn for 16-48 hrs from 6 to 9 days'
      ethanol administration. The frequencies and the intensities of the tremors were
      determined electronically. In control rats the frequency spectra of the tremors
      induced by harmine (20 mg/kg) and LON-954 (10 mg/kg) showed a narrow peak
      frequency at about 10 Hz. Atropine (1.2 mg/kg) altered neither the frequency nor
      the intensity of these tremors. 5-HTP (50 mg/kg) when given 3.5 hrs after
      iproniazid (100 mg/kg) induced tremor with peak frequencies at 6-7 Hz and 12 Hz.
      In ethanol-withdrawn rats treated with harmine or LON-954 the frequency analysis
      of tremor revealed a narrow peak frequency at about 12 Hz, which was neither the
      characteristic frequency of ethanol withdrawal tremor (6 Hz) nor that of harmine
      or LON-954 (10 Hz). The intensity of both harmine- and LON-954-induced tremor was
      significantly increased in ethanol-withdrawn rats. The ethanol-withdrawn rats
      were markedly sensitized to the effect of iproniazid+ 5-HTP, shown by deaths. The
      peak frequencies of this tremor were the same as those in control rats. The
      results suggest that harmine-induced tremor involves a dopaminergic-5-HT'ergic
      imbalance and the tremor induced by LON-954 a dopaminergic-cholinergic imbalance
      in the brain. The tremor in ethanol-withdrawn rats seems to be mediated by
      alterations in the activity of the cerebral 5-HT'ergic system.

PMID- 3876688
TI  - Instability in the response to DST in major depressions during treatment with 5
      hydroxytryptophan and carbidopa.
AB  - During the course of an investigation of predictors of the therapeutic response
      to a precursor of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-HTp) associated with
      carbidopa in major depressions with melancholia, patients, who before the
      treatment behaved as suppressors in the DST, became non-suppressors. The
      variation from non-suppressor to suppressor (which yielded in 60% of this sample)
      can be explained by the clinical improvement, but not the inverse change. In this
      paper, different possibilities on this change are analyzed, the most probable
      being the direct effect of the carbidopa in eminentia media. The carbidopa is
      administered because it is an inhibitor of the aminoacid decarboxylase, and since
      it does not cross the hematoencephalic barrier, it permits a better use of the 5
      HTp. However, there is an exception: it does act in the cells of the eminentia
      media which, from the functional point of view, lie outside the above-mentioned
      hematoencephalic barrier.

PMID- 3876689
TI  - Train suicide in the county of Fyn 1979-82.
AB  - The phenomenon of suicide by train in the county of Fyn is examined for the
      period 1979-82. The reference population comprised all suicides in the county,
      minus suicide by train, for the period 1979-82, totalling 505 events. The data is
      based on the death certificates and the relevant psychiatric journals in the
      region for the period under study. Sixteen suicides by train took place in the
      investigation period and these differed significantly from the reference
      population on the following points: distribution by age: 44% of the suicide by
      train population belong to the age group 15-29 years, whereas in the reference
      population only 11% were found in this age group; psychiatric or non-psychiatric
      patient: in the group of train suicides 81% were classifiable as psychiatric
      patients (inpatient, outpatient, former inpatient), in the reference population
      38% were thus classifiable. Of the 13 "psychiatric" suicides by train, nine (69%)
      had a psychosis diagnosis. As in other international investigations a correlation
      was demonstrated between increasing proportion of mentally ill and degree of
      violence and deliberateness of the suicide act. From the aspect of prophylaxis,
      suicide by train is more a problem for the psychiatrist than for Danish Rail,
      just as coverage of these events by the daily press is believed to act as an
      incentive to this group of potential suicides.

PMID- 3876690
TI  - Relationship between suicide, homicide and accidental deaths among the aged in
      Finland in 1951-1979.
AB  - Time trends for suicide, homicide and accident mortality among the Finnish
      population 65 years or over in 1951-1979 are presented. From 1951 to 1967
      suicide, motor-vehicle accident mortality and overall accident mortality among
      elderly males tended to follow more or less similar patterns. In 1951-1979 male
      suicide rates correlated positively and significantly over time with male motor
      vehicle accident mortality and with male total accident mortality. The results
      from this mortality analysis in the elderly population are compared with those
      obtained by Holinger et al. in the total population. There is also a brief
      discussion of the methodological problems of the study. The results suggest that
      self-destructive tendencies are not a central variable in female accident
      mortality among the aged population. On the other hand, it is possible that they
      play some role in motor-vehicle accident mortality in the aged male population.
      No suggestions about self-destructive tendencies in homicides among the aged
      could be made.

PMID- 3876691
TI  - The elderly in the mental health services of twenty-one European pilot study
      areas.
AB  - In a WHO project: Mental Health Services in Pilot Study Areas, 21 centers in 16
      European countries collected a cohort of 200 consecutive new out-, day- and
      inpatients in 1979/1980 and followed them up for a period of 2 years. Since in
      most countries the elderly constitute a rapidly growing proportion of the
      population, with increasing demands on the mental health services, the collected
      data concerning the elderly were examined in detail. The results show that it is
      possible to study elderly people in care with data from a more general study.
      There are considerable differences among the elderly in the use of mental health
      services in the various areas, which can only be partly explained by differences
      in the age distribution of the various populations. The diagnostic distribution
      of elderly patients, and the type and amount of care delivered within the same
      diagnostic group, differ widely from area to area. Trieste offers a good example
      of day care as an alternative to inpatient care, even for elderly patients with
      organic psychosis.

PMID- 3876692
TI  - Depression research: a review with special emphasis etiology.
AB  - In this review of depression research the author has focused the attention on
      twin and adoption studies, although problems of classification, epidemiology, and
      biological and environmental factors related to depression are also touched upon.
      It is being noted that the available studies in the area are few, the number of
      twins in the various samples is small and the diagnostic classifications vary. Of
      particular interest are the results presented by Bertelsen et al. because of the
      large systematic sample. A summary of the studies that are based upon sampling
      through twin registers, i.e. the Scandinavian investigations, employing a
      relatively strict concept of manic depressive psychosis (bipolar disorder), gives
      a mean concordance of 50% in MZ twins and 15% in DZ twins. Whereas genetical
      factors seem to play a significant role in the etiology of severely depressed
      subjects, there is no evidence that hereditary factors are of importance in the
      neurotic or reactive depressions, since concordance is low in both MZ and DZ. The
      available adoption studies are also few and replications are definitely necessary
      before one can arrive at firm conclusions. Mendlewicz & Rainer reported more
      psychopathology of an affective nature in the biological parents of the adoptees
      with bipolar illness than in the social parents. In contrast, von Knorring et al.
      did not observe an increase in affective psychopathology in the biological
      parents of adoptees with affective disorder. Noteworthy is the excess of
      affective psychoses in the social parents. The author holds the view that any
      speculation with regard to genetic transmission is premature. Although the
      findings from the various investigations are not unambiguous, twin and adoption
      studies support the notion that genetic factors play a considerable role in
      bipolar disorder, whereas non-bipolar depression is basically environmentally
      determined.

PMID- 3876693
TI  - Changing patterns of mental health care.
AB  - The evaluation of intra- and extramural psychiatric care nowadays calls for new
      models and methods of services research as the transition from custodial to
      community mental health care results in patterns of utilization of high
      complexity. Not only the capacity and the components of the care system has
      changed considerably but also the composition of the cared patient groups. In
      Mannheim 3/4 of the schizophrenic patients requiring institutioned care for one
      year or more are admitted to sheltered homes and apartments due to the
      establishment of complementary services in the last 15 years. Data of a
      representation cohort of 148 schizophrenics observed over a period of 18 months
      show that corresponding to the multiple needs of the patients multiple
      utilization prevails. The effectiveness of extramural care can be demonstrated by
      a reduced probability of readmission to inpatient treatment. The economic
      efficiency of the provision of complementary care was evaluated by analyzing
      costs of service use by the cohort. The direct costs per case of all the services
      utilized over one year averaged 43% compared with an uninterrupted stay in a
      mental state hospital. Also in community mental health care almost 80% of the
      total costs accrue from hospital readmission due to relapses.

PMID- 3876694
TI  - Normal and neoplastic Langerhans cells: phenotypic comparison with other types of
      macrophages.
AB  - The antigenic properties of normal epidermal Langerhans cells and their
      neoplastic counterparts (histiocytosis X cells) were compared with those of other
      types of macrophages, by immunohistochemical staining of skin and lymph node
      biopsies with a panel of mono-clonal antibodies. The phenotype of Langerhans
      cells, histiocytosis X cells, dermal macrophages and interdigitating reticulum
      cells were similar (HLA-DR+, OKT 6+/-, Leu3+/-, C3-receptor-, Ig-complex-, R4/23
      , MO2-), and differed markedly from those of follicular dendritic cells (HLA-DR-,
      OKT6-, Leu3-, C3 receptor+, Ig+, R4/23+, MO2-, and histiocytic reticulum cells
      (HLA-DR+/-, OKT6-, Leu3+/-, C3-receptor+, Ig-complex+, R4/23-, MO2+/-). This
      indicates that Langerhans cells are related to the interdigitating reticulum
      cells found in the T cell areas of lymphoid organs, and demonstrates that
      Langerhans cells do not express C3b, C3bi or C3d receptor molecules. Our data
      also emphasise that the Leu3 antigen is not restricted to cells of the T cell
      lineage.

PMID- 3876695
TI  - A study of lymph node lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3876696
TI  - Benign and malignant lymphocytic skin infiltrates: immunological patterns
      recognized by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Skin biopsies from 150 patients with cutaneous lymphoma, premalignant or
      "pseudolymphomatous" conditions and benign dermatoses were examined by
      immunoenzymatic staining of frozen sections with a panel of monoclonal antibodies
      against lymphocytes, macrophages and accessory cells. Two patterns of
      infiltration were identified. In one of these T cells associated with Langerhans
      cells and HLA-DR-positive macrophages of dendritic morphology, were seen. In the
      other B cell follicles were present in addition to the above type of infiltrate.
      The latter pattern was restricted to patch tests biopsies, cutaneous
      lymphocytomas, and malignant lymphomas of B-cell origin. It is concluded that
      lymphocytic skin infiltrates are divisible into different patterns of
      immunological reactions similar to those seen in lymphoid organs.

PMID- 3876697
TI  - Differential expression of class II MHC antigens on cells derived from human
      tissue.
AB  - Human lymphomedullary tissue cells, separated on the basis of density, Fc and E
      receptors, show characteristic and consistent differences in their expression of
      class II MHC antigens. A low density, FcR-ve cell type displays high expression
      of HLA-DR and acts as the most efficient accessory cell in the induction of a Con
      A driven proliferative response. Exposure of cells to Con A inhibits subsequent
      binding of anti-HLA-DR antibodies. Addition of -methyl-D-mannoside reverses both
      the proliferative response to Con A and returns binding of anti-class II MHC
      antibodies to normal levels. This experimental system can be used to study: the
      nature of the association between cell bound molecules and class II MHC products,
      both spatially and functionally; and the relative functional importance of these
      products in antigen presentation.

PMID- 3876698
TI  - Differentiation of B lymphocytes in sheep. II. Surface phenotype of B cells
      leaving the 'bursa-equivalent' lymphoid tissue of sheep, ileal Peyer's patches.

PMID- 3876699
TI  - Comparative analysis of the development of B cells in marginal zones and
      follicles.

PMID- 3876700
TI  - Germinal center cells: antigen specificity, heavy chain class expression and
      evidence of memory.

PMID- 3876701
TI  - Mouse lymph node follicular dendritic cells: quantitative analysis and isolation.

PMID- 3876702
TI  - B cell differentiation: B cell subsets and factors, organs or structures involved
      in B lymphocyte genesis.

PMID- 3876703
TI  - The role of the thymic cortex and medulla in T cell differentiation.

PMID- 3876704
TI  - Prospects for understanding the role of lymphoid microenvironments in B cell
      differentiation in vivo.

PMID- 3876705
TI  - Use of transgenic mice with human MHC class 1 gene (HLA-A2).

PMID- 3876706
TI  - Effect of sympathectomy on the maturation of fetal thymocytes grown within the
      anterior eye chambers in mice.

PMID- 3876707
TI  - The effect of dioctyltin dichloride on the thymus and T-cell differentiation in
      the rat.

PMID- 3876708
TI  - Dendritic cells and macrophages as antigen presenting cells in ovalbumin-induced
      T lymphocyte proliferation in vitro.

PMID- 3876709
TI  - Evidence that static but not recirculating B cells are responsible for antibody
      production against dinitrophenol on neutral polysaccharide, a TI-2 antigen.

PMID- 3876710
TI  - Functional differences associated with quantitative distribution of Ia antigens
      on mouse B cells.

PMID- 3876711
TI  - Influence of the xid mutation on B lymphocyte development in adult mice.

PMID- 3876712
TI  - Footpad responses in nude mice immunized with chicken erythrocytes.

PMID- 3876713
TI  - Cellular characteristics of the rosette forming cells in the mouse spleen.

PMID- 3876714
TI  - Pathogenesis of the intestinal phase of the graft-versus-host reaction in F1
      hybrid mice.

PMID- 3876716
TI  - Enhanced regeneration of transplanted splenic tissue by increased work load.

PMID- 3876715
TI  - Graft versus host disease in the rat: Ia expression on target tissues.

PMID- 3876717
TI  - Retinoid effects on murine immune responses.

PMID- 3876718
TI  - Interaction of high endothelial venules with T and B cells after antigenic
      stimulation.

PMID- 3876719
TI  - Radiosensitivity of the circulation of DTH effector T lymphocytes: an accurate
      estimate using a quantitative assay.

PMID- 3876720
TI  - B cell production in adult rats.

PMID- 3876721
TI  - Patterns of migration of labelled blood lymphocyte subpopulations: evidence for
      two types of Peyer's patch in the young pig.

PMID- 3876722
TI  - Characterization of T cell growth factor responsive thymocytes in guinea pigs.

PMID- 3876724
TI  - The paradox of high rates of B cell production in bone marrow and the longevity
      of most mature B cells.

PMID- 3876723
TI  - IgD-induced enhancement of the immune response.

PMID- 3876725
TI  - Immunosuppression with monoclonal antibodies--rules for effective serotherapy.

PMID- 3876726
TI  - The immunotherapeutic effect of anti Lyt-1 antibodies on local and metastatic
      tumor growth.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies against the T cell differentiation antigen Lyt-1 were
      effective in the therapy of the murine Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL). A possible
      mechanism whereby anti Lyt-1 antibodies directly effect the tumor cells was
      unlikely because 3LL cells lack the Lyt-1 antigen. In addition, the curative
      effect of anti Lyt-1 antibodies was abrogated in mice depleted of T cells,
      supporting a mechanism whereby host Lyt-1+ cells were involved in tumor therapy.
      Treatment with anti Lyt-1 antibodies was not accompanied by depletion of Lyt-1+
      cells from lymphoid organs, indicating that the administered antibodies altered
      Lyt-1+ cell functions without effecting their frequency. In view of the in vitro
      enhancing effects of anti Lyt-1 antibodies on responses, it is suggested that the
      potentiation of Lyt-1+ cell activity by passively administered anti Lyt-1
      antibodies results in tumor rejection.

PMID- 3876727
TI  - Derivatives of anti-idiotype antibodies in the treatment of B-cell lymphoma.

PMID- 3876728
TI  - Effect of early embryonic bursectomy on lymphocyte differentiation and
      maturation.

PMID- 3876729
TI  - Late discovery of a posttraumatic right aortic arch aneurysm.

PMID- 3876730
TI  - Computed tomography of pancreatic pseudocysts of the duodenum.
AB  - The findings of computed tomography (CT) in seven patients with pancreatic
      pseudocysts involving the duodenum are reported. Specific CT characteristics of
      duodenal wall involvement by the pseudocysts are tubular configuration of the
      pseudocyst, extending along the wall and conforming to the course of the duodenum
      (seven of seven), and abrupt flattening of the otherwise tubular or spherical
      pseudocyst at the border of the duodenal lumen (five of seven). The second part
      of the duodenum was involved in all cases; in some cases the first part of the
      duodenum was also involved (two of seven), and in others the pseudocyst extended
      to the third part of the duodenum (two of seven). All patients had other CT
      evidence of pancreatitis in addition to duodenal pseudocysts. CT findings are
      compared to other imaging methods and clinical and surgical findings. Patients
      with duodenal pseudocysts should be watched carefully for signs and symptoms of
      gastric outlet obstruction, since this was a prominent clinical problem in six of
      seven patients, and gastric outlet obstruction complicating suspected
      pancreatitis should alert to the possibility of duodenal pseudocyst.

PMID- 3876731
TI  - CT detection of portal venous gas associated with suppurative cholangitis and
      cholecystitis.

PMID- 3876732
TI  - Feasibility of the peroral pneumocolon in evaluating the ileocecal region.
AB  - Retrograde insufflation of air into the terminal ileum via a rectal tube (peroral
      pneumocolon) is a simple adjunct to the conventional gastrointestinal small-bowel
      follow-through examination. The purpose of this study was to determine the
      feasibility and diagnostic value of peroral pneumocolon in 170 patients who were
      being evaluated by upper gastrointestinal series with conventional small-bowel
      follow-through. Retrograde passage of air into the terminal ileum was successful
      in 87% of 140 patients with normal anatomic relations and in all 30 patients with
      small bowel-colonic anastomoses. In most cases, retrograde air insufflation
      yielded additional diagnostic information, particularly in detection of
      ulcerations, edematous mucosa, and cobblestone patterns. The length of the small
      bowel segment affected by pathologic changes could be determined more accurately
      in over 60% of the peroral pneumocolon examinations. No procedure-related
      complications were observed.

PMID- 3876733
TI  - Age-related alterations in the vertebral spinous processes and intervening soft
      tissues: radiologic-pathologic correlation.
AB  - A radiologic-pathologic correlative investigation of the normal age-related
      alterations in the spinous processes and intervening soft tissues was performed
      using cadaveric spines and both ancient and modern macerated vertebral specimens.
      Extreme lordosis in the cervical or lumbar spine results in spinous process
      apposition, formation of interspinous bursae, eburnation with osteophytosis, and
      creation of synovial articulations. A concomitant degenerative enthesopathy
      involves the supraspinous or interspinous ligamentous attachments in any spinal
      segment. The differential diagnosis of this phenomenon, the clinical significance
      of which in a given patient is controversial, includes rheumatoid and other
      inflammatory arthritides as well as crystal deposition disease.

PMID- 3876734
TI  - Chemical shift imaging of bone marrow: preliminary experience.
AB  - A phase-contrast method of chemical shift imaging was used to evaluate bone
      marrow in normal volunteers and in patients with metabolic, inflammatory,
      traumatic, and neoplastic disorders. Five normal volunteers were examined in
      order to obtain preliminary data on normal patterns of signal intensity in
      hematopoietic and fatty marrow using both conventional magnetic resonance imaging
      and proton chemical shift imaging. Normally, hematopoietic marrow yields low
      signal intensity on phase-contrast images; pathologic conditions affecting
      hematopoietic marrow typically result in increased signal intensity due to either
      accumulated lipid or water. Because of its high fat content, yellow marrow
      normally yields high signal intensity on phase-contrast images, whereas abnormal
      conditions usually result in decreased phase-contrast signal intensity due to
      increased tissue water. Proton chemical shift imaging is likely to be a valuable
      supplement to standard magnetic resonance imaging techniques in the study of bone
      marrow in vivo.

PMID- 3876735
TI  - Detection of thrombophlebitis in the lower extremities: a regional comparison of
      123I fibrinogen scintigraphy and contrast venography.
AB  - 123I fibrinogen scintigraphy and contrast venography were compared in 43 patients
      suspected of having thrombophlebitis. A total of 69 legs and 268 regions were
      available for comparison. Of 43 patients, 31 had venographic signs of
      thrombophlebitis. When venography was used as a standard, scintigraphy had a
      sensitivity and accuracy equal to or greater than 90%, regardless of whether the
      comparison was made for patients, legs, or regions. There was complete agreement
      in the iliac region between venography and scintigraphy. Beyond inherent
      differences between the procedures, the few discrepancies between venography and
      scintigraphy could be explained by circumstances, such as interval between
      procedures, heparin treatment, limited disease, and procedural deficiencies. The
      accuracy of 123I fibrinogen scintigraphy, its simplicity, and absence of
      morbidity make it an attractive diagnostic procedure in patients suspected of
      having thrombophlebitis. A major limitation of 123I fibrinogen scintigraphy is
      the lack of general availability of a suitable, commercial radiopharmaceutical at
      present.

PMID- 3876736
TI  - Intraarterial prednisolone infusion therapy in ulcerative colitis.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients with ulcerative colitis who had shown inadequate response
      to conventional medical therapies were given intraarterial infusions of
      prednisolone via the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. The therapy was
      effective in 31 (57%) of 54 infusions, including three of five cases of toxic
      megacolon. The effectiveness of the therapy correlated well with the clinical
      assessment of disease activity. There was also a positive correlation between the
      caliber of the inferior mesenteric artery and the effectiveness of the therapy.
      Intraarterial infusion of prednisolone can lead to improvement of ulcerative
      colitis, and this mode of therapy should be considered particularly in severe
      cases.

PMID- 3876737
TI  - Nonoperative dilatation of dominant strictures in primary sclerosing cholangitis.
AB  - While most cases of primary sclerosing cholangitis are characterized by
      multifocal bile duct strictures, a few have a localized high-grade stricture
      (dominant stricture) superimposed on diffuse disease. This dominant stricture may
      cause jaundice or bacterial cholangitis in some patients. Dominant strictures
      were percutaneously dilated in 14 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
      and jaundice or bacterial cholangitis. Stricture dilatation produced a
      significant decrease in the frequency of cholangitis and a significant decrease
      in serum bilirubin in those with recent onset of jaundice. The only complication
      was bacteremia or cholangitis in five patients. Three of nine patients with
      successful dilatations developed recurrent strictures at 6-18 months. Balloon
      dilatation should be considered the treatment of choice for dominant strictures
      in symptomatic patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis who have recent onset
      of jaundice (less than 6 months' duration) or recurrent episodes of bacterial
      cholangitis.

PMID- 3876738
TI  - 111In leukocyte scanning as a guide to abdominal abscess drainage.

PMID- 3876739
TI  - A modified application of the Cope introduction set.

PMID- 3876740
TI  - Scintigraphic evaluation of extremity pain in children: its efficacy and
      pitfalls.
AB  - Early detection of an inflammatory process involving bone and joints is very
      important in children with extremity pain. We reviewed the efficacy and pitfalls
      of three-phase bone scans in 100 consecutive children with acute extremity pain.
      Sixty-one of the subjects showed abnormalities on bone scans. The sensitivity and
      specificity of three-phase bone scans for acute osteomyelitis were 84% and 97%,
      respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for both acute septic joint and
      cellulitis were 93% and 100%, respectively. Pitfalls in interpretation of three
      phase bone scans include simulation of infection by fracture and obscuration of
      osteomyelitis by septic arthritis, prior antibiotic treatment, and the occasional
      "cold" defect due to ischemia.

PMID- 3876741
TI  - Site planning for radiology computer systems.

PMID- 3876742
TI  - Night radiology.
AB  - Night radiology is the practice of the in-hospital radiologist from 4:00 to 11:00
      p.m. His duty is to keep the interpretation of radiographs current. At the
      medical center described, an average of 95 radiographic examinations per day are
      performed during the evening and at night; 60 of these require immediate
      interpretation. Night radiology was instituted because of the large number of
      unmonitored and uninterpreted films that had to be dealt with the following
      morning. The night radiology duty is seven consecutive nights and is rotated
      among all nine staff radiologists. Night radiology provides a service that the
      emergency department and the private physician can rely on and can use without
      hesitation, delay, or resistance.

PMID- 3876743
TI  - The language of certainty: proper terminology for the ending of the radiologic
      report.

PMID- 3876744
TI  - The Fleischner Society glossary: critique and revisions.

PMID- 3876745
TI  - Spermatic venography.

PMID- 3876746
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging: its impact on diagnostic radiology.

PMID- 3876747
TI  - High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the knee joint: normal anatomy.
AB  - Excellent morphologic detail was depicted in thin-section, high-resolution
      magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained with the use of a solenoid surface coil
      specifically designed for the knee joint. The multiplanar anatomy of the knee was
      determined by correlating MR images of six fresh cadavers and 10 normal adult
      knees with corresponding photographs of cryoplaned specimens and by a cross
      referencing multiplanar imaging technique.

PMID- 3876748
TI  - High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the knee joint: pathologic
      correlations.
AB  - Highly detailed pathologic morphology of 25 knees with suspected structural
      abnormalities was depicted in thin-section, high-resolution magnetic resonance
      images (MRI) produced with the aid of a specially designed solenoid surface coil.
      Scans were obtained on a 0.3-T permanent magnet system with 4-mm-thick slices and
      0.75-mm pixel size. The images were correlated with clinical, arthrographic
      and/or bone scan, and surgical findings. In 10 of 11 cases of clinically
      suspected meniscal tears, the MRI findings corresponded with those of
      arthroscopy. In the three cases of clinically suspected injury to the anterior
      cruciate ligament which underwent surgery, the MRI findings of tears in two cases
      and a normal ligament in one case were confirmed. MRI was also useful in the
      evaluation of possible injury to the patellar tendon, in the detection of
      intraarticular loose bodies, and in the diagnosis of osteonecrosis.

PMID- 3876749
TI  - Computed tomography of calcaneal fractures: anatomy, pathology, dosimetry, and
      clinical relevance.
AB  - Eighteen CT examinations were performed in 10 patients for the evaluation of
      acute intraarticular fractures and their follow-up. Fractures comparable to those
      in the patients were created in cadavers. The normal anatomy and the
      traumatically altered anatomy of the calcaneus in the axial, coronal, and
      sagittal planes are demonstrated by CT and corresponding anatomic sections.
      Scanning was performed in the axial plane, with subsequent reconstruction in the
      coronal and sagittal planes. The axial scans show disruption of the inferior part
      of the posterior facet, calcaneocuboid joint involvement, and widening of the
      calcaneus. The coronal scans show disruption of the superior part of the
      posterior facet, sustentaculum tali depression (involvement of middle and
      anterior facets), peroneal and flexor hallucis longus tendon impingement, and
      widening and height loss of the calcaneus. The sagittal scans show disruption of
      the posterior facet, calcaneocuboid joint involvement, and height loss of the
      calcaneus and allow the evaluation of Boehler's and Gissane's angles. All three
      planes show the position of major fracture fragments. Radiation dose to the foot
      was measured to be 0.1 rad (0.001 Gy) for plain film radiography (five
      exposures), 18 rad (0.18 Gy) for conventional tomography (20 cuts), and 2.6 rad
      (0.026 Gy) for axial CT examination.

PMID- 3876750
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of hemorrhage.
AB  - The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of evolving hemorrhage are
      discussed and compared with those of computed tomography (CT). Studies of 15
      hematomas were undertaken in four mongrel dogs. The hematomas were created by the
      injection of autologous blood into the subcutaneous tissues of the thigh. The
      hematomas were studied serially with both MRI and CT. Pulse sequences included
      spin-echo (2100 msec TR, 40 and 80 msec TE) and inversion-recovery (2100 msec TR,
      400 msec TI, 40 msec TE). Relaxation times (T1 and T2) were calculated in each
      case. CT values (H) were also obtained. In addition, 24 single and 14 serial
      scans of hemorrhage were obtained from 24 patients. MRI was performed on a 0.15-T
      resistive magnet scanner. T1 and T2 relaxation times and CT values decreased as
      the hematomas resolved. T1 and T2 relaxation times of intraparenchymal hemorrhage
      tended to remain elevated with time. MRI seems to be more sensitive than CT for
      the detection of hemorrhage, primarily because of superior contrast resolution.

PMID- 3876751
TI  - Cranial CT in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: spectrum of diseases and
      optimal contrast enhancement technique.
AB  - A retrospective review of cranial CT scans obtained over a 4 year period in
      patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and documented central
      nervous system (CNS) pathology is presented. The spectrum of diseases and the
      value of CT in detecting new, recurrent, and superimposed disease processes were
      determined. Fifty-one AIDS patients with confirmed CNS pathology were identified.
      Six of them had two coexistent diseases. Opportunistic infections predominated,
      especially Toxoplasma encephalitis and cryptococcal meningitis, while tumor was
      seen infrequently. Initial CT was positive in 76% of cases. In contrast to
      meningeal processes, where it was not very effective, CT was very sensitive in
      detecting most parenchymal disease processes. Characteristic although not
      pathognomonic CT patterns were found for certain diseases. Improvement or
      resolution of CT abnormalities in patients on medical therapy for Toxoplasma
      encephalitis correlated well with clinical improvement. Recurrence of CT
      abnormalities correlated well with medical noncompliance. The optimal contrast
      enhancement technique for detecting CNS pathology and for monitoring the
      effectiveness of medical therapy was also evaluated by a prospective study in
      which both immediate (IDD) and 1 hr delayed (DDD) double-dose contrast CT scans
      were compared. The examination found to be diagnostically superior in 30 of the
      41 IDD/DDD studies was the delayed scan. It is recommended that CT be used
      routinely and with the 1 hr DDD scan to evaluate and follow AIDS patients with
      neurologic symptoms and/or signs.

PMID- 3876752
TI  - Magnetic resonance with marked T2-weighted images: improved demonstration of
      brain lesions, tumor, and edema.
AB  - The object of this study was to determine the sensitivity of magnetic resonance
      (MR) for imaging intracranial lesions with heavily T2-weighted images compared
      with that of computed tomographic (CT) and T1-weighted images. Fifty-five
      patients with known intracranial pathology consisting of primary neurogenic
      tumors, brain infarcts, demyelinating disease, and metastases were studied by MR
      and CT. Patients were studied with either 0.6 or 1.5 T systems with T1- and T2
      weighted radiofrequency pulse sequences. The heavily T2-weighted images were
      found to be superior to the T1-weighted images in terms of sensitivity, with 168
      lesions found versus 86 by CT and 104 by T1-weighted imaging.

PMID- 3876753
TI  - MR imaging of multiple sclerosis: comparison with clinical and CT examinations in
      74 patients.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the latest test for evaluation of patients with
      multiple sclerosis (MS), was assessed against clinical evidence in 74 patients
      with definite or probable MS. MR imaging was positive in 55 (85%) of 65 patients
      with definite MS but in only one (11%) of nine patients with probable MS. The
      examination is most likely to be positive when the patient is classified
      clinically as having definite MS; when the disease is active and not in
      remission; and if the constellation of symptoms indicates a multiplicity of
      regions with neurologic dysfunction. The examination was most sensitive for
      detecting lesions in the cerebral hemispheres, the posterior fossa, and the
      cervical spinal cord, in that order; it did not detect any lesions in the optic
      nerves. The paraclinical tests and MR imaging were of equal sensitivity in
      detecting MS lesions, but the latter method was more specific in localization.
      Cerebrospinal fluid evaluation was slightly less sensitive than the other two
      tests. There was no correlation between MR imaging and these examinations. The
      authors conclude that MR imaging is more sensitive than computed tomography (CT),
      which was positive in 25% of 59 patients with definite MS; it is always positive
      when CT is positive; and it probably can replace CT in the diagnosis and follow
      up of patients with MS.

PMID- 3876754
TI  - Second branchial cleft cyst: unusual location and a new CT diagnostic sign.

PMID- 3876755
TI  - Ventilation-perfusion scanning for pulmonary embolism: refinement of predictive
      value through Bayesian analysis.
AB  - The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) by pulmonary perfusion and ventilation
      scintigraphy presents problems common to all imperfect diagnostic tests. Bayesian
      analysis indicates that the posttest probability of PE is a function of the
      prevalence (or pretest probability) of PE as well as the scintigraphic findings.
      The authors propose that Bayesian analysis allows an explicit refinement in
      communicating the implications of scintigraphic findings to referring clinicians.
      Recent data reported from a prospective study of ventilation-perfusion scanning
      compared with pulmonary angiography in patients suspected of PE were reviewed.
      Using the reported scintigraphic and chest radiographic findings, the sensitivity
      and specificity of each of the various test result combinations for
      angiographically proven PE were derived. The overall prevalence of PE was
      estimated to be 20% in patients suspected of PE who were referred for nuclear
      imaging. A Bayesian analysis was then performed for each category of test result
      to estimate the posttest probability of PE for different prevalence estimates. If
      a perfusion study alone is done which shows segmental or larger defects without
      corresponding chest radiographic changes, the sensitivity for PE is 80%, and the
      specificity is 86%. With a 20% prevalence of PE, the posttest probability of PE
      is 58%. The use of ventilation imaging improves the predictive power of the test
      by its effect on specificity. When a ventilation image shows preserved
      (mismatched) ventilation in concert with the above findings, the sensitivity for
      PE is 75%, and the specificity increases to 95%. For these findings the posttest
      probability increases to 79%, and for a prevalence of 50%, the posttest
      probability of PE is 94%.

PMID- 3876756
TI  - Improved chest disease detection with scanning equalization radiography.
AB  - The efficacy of chest disease detection with scanning equalization radiography
      (SER) was evaluated in a clinical study of 95 patients: 51 normals and 44 with
      abnormal chest radiographs. A conventional and an SER image of each patient were
      interpreted independently by four radiologists. The increased numbers of true
      positives (3%) and true negatives (9%) when the SER images were interpreted were
      statistically significant. There was also a reduced number of false positives
      (7%) with SER. This improved disease detection was noted by each of the
      radiologists and led to more frequent agreement (11%) of the correct
      interpretation among the radiologists.

PMID- 3876757
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the superior pericardial recesses.
AB  - The potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the superior pericardial
      space was evaluated in a retrospective review of MR images of 46 subjects. The
      superior pericardial space and its two recesses had low signal intensity. The
      preaortic recess was demonstrated on 82% of nongated transverse scans. The
      retroaortic recess was demonstrated on 67% of nongated transverse scans.
      Generally, both recesses were shown with an even higher frequency on ECG-gated
      and ECG-permutation-gated scans. Knowledge of the location and typical appearance
      of these pericardial recesses should preclude mistaking them on MRI for a
      vascular structure, aortic dissection, or an atherosclerotic plaque or mural
      thrombus within the ascending aorta.

PMID- 3876758
TI  - Long-term follow-up after intracoronary streptokinase therapy for acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - This article describes the effects on patients treated with intracoronary
      streptokinase during acute myocardial infarction and long-term follow-up. The
      mortality and the incidence of cardiac events were assessed during a follow-up
      period of 35 +/- 5 months. Coronary artery bypass grafting was undertaken in 37%
      of the patients. Hospital mortality was 11%, (n = 8); none of these deaths was
      due to myocardial rupture. The postdischarge mortality was 10%; three of these
      patients experienced sudden death. Serial assessment of left ventricular function
      in 35 patients showed an increase of angiographic ejection fraction prior to
      intervention from 50 +/- 4% to 58 +/- 12% (p = 0.005) 36 +/- 53 days later. Gated
      blood pool imaging after 16 +/- 7 months (n = 35) and 32 +/- 9 months (n = 31)
      revealed no change in ejection fraction. Angina pectoris recurred in four of the
      35 patients. We studied a historical comparison group, that consisted of 66
      patients, who were treated at the same institution prior to the advent of
      intracoronary intervention techniques; this group was followed for 48 +/- 9
      months. Baseline clinical and angiographic parameters were comparable in the two
      groups. Coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in only 18 of these
      patients. Mortality during hospitalization and postdischarge was not
      significantly different in the two groups. Ejection fraction decreased
      significantly in the comparison group from the first to the second evaluation and
      remained unchanged during the follow-up period. We conclude that no major adverse
      effects were associated with intracoronary streptokinase infusion over a long
      follow-up period. This may be related to the high frequency of coronary artery
      bypass surgery following reperfusion.

PMID- 3876759
TI  - The use of rest and exercise radionuclide ventriculography in risk stratification
      in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.
AB  - The study examined the value of rest and exercise radionuclide ventriculography
      in risk stratification in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. There
      were 604 patients, 474 men and 130 women, aged 55 +/- 11 years (mean +/- standard
      deviation). At a follow-up of 18 +/- 10 months, there were 43 hard cardiac
      events: 27 patients died of cardiac causes and 16 had nonfatal acute myocardial
      infarctions. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis of the 10 most
      important clinical and exercise variables identified the exercise left
      ventricular ejection fraction as the most important predictor of death and total
      cardiac events (chi 2 = 18.1 and 29.6, respectively). The exercise heart rate was
      a significant, independent, but much weaker predictor of cardiac death and total
      events (chi 2 = 8.4 and 3.9, respectively), while exercise tolerance was a
      significant independent predictor of cardiac death only (chi 2 = 6.4). Actuarial
      life table analysis showed that the risk for future cardiac events increased in
      stepwise fashion as the exercise ejection fraction decreased. Thus, the exercise
      left ventricular ejection fraction is a useful prognosticator in patients with
      suspected coronary artery disease. This finding has important implications in
      patient management.

PMID- 3876760
TI  - Persistent Q waves with restoration of normal ventricular contractility after
      emergency coronary reperfusion.

PMID- 3876761
TI  - Enteroscopy: a method for detection of small bowel tumors.
AB  - Small bowel neoplasms are difficult to identify. Conventional roentgenographic
      methods may report false-negative results in 23-44% of cases. We describe a
      symptomatic patient with a jejunal leiomyoma detected by enteroscopy after
      radiographic evaluation was equivocal. Enteroscopy can be an effective diagnostic
      modality in selected patients with small bowel tumors.

PMID- 3876762
TI  - The relationship between parental history of vascular disease and cardiovascular
      disease risk factors in children: the Bogalusa Heart Study.
AB  - The relationship between parental history of vascular disease (heart attack,
      stroke, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension) and risk factor variables for
      cardiovascular disease was assessed in 3,312 offspring aged 5-17 years during the
      1981-1982 school year in the biracial community of Bogalusa, Louisiana. Risk
      factors studied included systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum
      total cholesterol, triglycerides, and individual lipoprotein cholesterol (beta-,
      low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol; pre-beta, very low density lipoprotein
      (VLDL) cholesterol; and alpha-, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol). Risk
      factors were adjusted for age, race, sex, and height (blood pressure only) prior
      to testing parental history effects. Univariate comparisons between risk factors
      in children and vascular disease in parents resulted in statistically significant
      increases in systolic and diastolic pressures associated with the presence of
      maternal or paternal hypertension (p less than 0.001). Paternal heart attack was
      also associated with elevations in diastolic pressure (p less than 0.01) of
      children. Maternal diabetes mellitus was associated with an increase in serum
      total cholesterol (p less than 0.05). Paternal diabetes mellitus and maternal
      heart attack (for female progeny only) were associated with increases in mean
      triglyceride levels of children. VLDL cholesterol results were similar to those
      for triglycerides. For HDL cholesterol, paternal diabetes mellitus was associated
      with a small decrease in mean levels (p less than 0.05). Dramatic increases to
      the highest decile of risk were found in association with the following parental
      disease combinations: paternal heart attack-paternal diabetes for serum total
      cholesterol (p less than 0.0001), maternal heart attack-paternal diabetes (p less
      than 0.001) and paternal stroke-maternal diabetes (p less than 0.0001) for LDL
      cholesterol. Multivariate analysis detected no significant effects of single
      parental vascular disease. However, paternal heart attack in combination with
      either diabetes mellitus or hypertension was statistically significant in their
      relationship to the risk factors overall.

PMID- 3876763
TI  - Assessment of habitual physical activity by a seven-day recall in a community
      survey and controlled experiments.
AB  - Assessment of habitual physical activity in epidemiologic and health education
      studies has been difficult. A seven-day physical activity recall interview was
      developed and administered in a community health survey, a randomized clinical
      trial, and two worksite health promotion programs during 1979-1982. These studies
      were conducted in several populations in California, Texas, Pennsylvania, and New
      Jersey. Energy expenditure estimates from the physical activity recall conformed
      to expected age- and sex-specific values in the cross-sectional community survey.
      Estimates of energy expenditure were also congruent with other questions on
      physical activity and job classification. In a randomized, one-year exercise
      trial, the physical activity recall detected increases in energy expenditure in
      the treated group and was positively associated with miles run during training (p
      less than 0.05). Changes in energy expenditure were associated with changes in
      maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max (r = 0.33, p less than 0.05) and body fatness (r = 
      0.50, p less than 0.01) at six months, and in high density lipoprotein
      cholesterol (r = 0.31, p less than 0.05) and triglyceride (r = -0.41, p less than
      0.01) at one year. The physical activity recall detected significant (p less than
      0.01) increases in energy expenditure in treatment groups in two worksite health
      promotion projects. These data suggest that the physical activity recall provides
      useful estimates of habitual physical activity for research in epidemiologic and
      health education studies.

PMID- 3876764
TI  - Pharyngeal carriage rates of Haemophilus influenzae, type b and non-b, and
      prevalence of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae among healthy day-care
      children in central Massachusetts.
AB  - Pharyngeal swabs were obtained from 832 children less than 14 years of age
      attending day-care centers and family day-care homes in central Massachusetts
      during a seven-week period beginning March 1, 1982. Colonization rates for
      Haemophilus influenzae and for H. influenzae type b were 60.7% and 15.1%,
      respectively. Nonwhite children were more likely to be carriers of non-b H.
      influenzae than white children (62.9% vs. 47.8%, p less than 0.025). Children in
      day care for more than six months were more likely to be carriers of non-b H.
      influenzae than children in day care for six months or less (52.9% vs. 45.5%, p
      less than 0.05). There was no association between colonization rates and age,
      sex, type of day-care setting, number of siblings, number sharing a bedroom,
      history of otitis media, or history of antibiotic use. The prevalence of
      ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae was 6.3% among all children and 10.3% among
      carriers of H. influenzae. The prevalence of ampicillin resistance was
      significantly higher among type b carriers than among carriers of other types
      (15.1% vs. 8.3%, p less than 0.05). Children who had taken ampicillin or
      amoxicillin within the past three months were much more likely to be colonized
      with ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae than were children who had not taken
      these antibiotics (13.5% vs. 4.8%, p less than 0.0005). These observations have
      important clinical implications for the management of children with H. influenzae
      disease.

PMID- 3876765
TI  - Fever in uremia: production of leukocytic pyrogen by chronic dialysis patients.
AB  - Uremic patients frequently have low baseline temperatures and a blunted febrile
      response to infection. We investigated the first step in the generation of a
      febrile response, the production of leukocytic pyrogen (LP) by blood monocytes,
      in 12 patients on chronic hemodialysis, five patients on continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), and 17 control subjects. No significant differences
      were found in the amount of LP produced by hemodialysis patients, CAPD patients,
      and control subjects. Uremic serum did not decrease LP production by monocytes
      from control subjects. Hemodialysis patients who were consistently hypothermic
      (mean oral predialysis temperature less than or equal to 35.6 degrees F) produced
      as much LP as those with more normal oral temperatures (mean oral predialysis
      temperature greater than or equal to 36.8 degrees F). Decreased production of LP
      does not explain the blunted febrile response noted in patients with chronic
      renal failure.

PMID- 3876766
TI  - Chromosomal localization of the human alpha 1-antitrypsin gene (PI) to 14q31-32.
AB  - In situ hybridization of a recombinant cDNA probe containing the human alpha 1
      antitrypsin gene to metaphase chromosomes demonstrated significant hybridization
      to chromosomal segment 14q31-32. A high percentage of cells analyzed (31%)
      displayed labeling on chromosome 14. Of all labeled sites on chromosome 14, 60%
      were found on segment 14q31-32. These results refine the previous assignment of
      the human alpha 1-antitrypsin gene to segment 14q24.1-32.1.

PMID- 3876767
TI  - Improved resolution of PI (alpha 1-antitrypsin) phenotypes by a large-scale
      immobilized pH gradient.
AB  - PI variants and PI M subtypes were examined by isoelectric focusing in a
      preformed immobilized pH gradient. Conditions were found that permit reliable
      classification of PI variants and of most PI M subtypes: the pH gradient ranges
      from 4.3 to 4.8 on a polyacrylamide gel with a length of 20 cm and a separation
      distance of approximately 16-17 cm (delta pH = 0.025 U/cm). The PI phenotypes
      observed are presented.

PMID- 3876768
TI  - Severe deficiency of alpha 1-antitrypsin associated with cutaneous vasculitis,
      rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and colitis.
AB  - The association of vasculitis with severe deficiency of alpha 1-antitrypsin is
      rare. This report describes a 44-year-old man with severe deficiency of alpha 1
      antitrypsin associated with diffuse vasculitis involving skin, kidney (rapidly
      progressive glomerulonephritis), and colon (colitis). Colitis has not previously
      been reported in association with deficiency of alpha 1-antitrypsin. Other
      reported cases are reviewed and the possible immunologic mechanisms underlying
      the association are discussed.

PMID- 3876769
TI  - Isolated right atrial tamponade by serous fluid simulating tricuspid stenosis.
AB  - Echocardiography is a key diagnostic tool in the recognition of pericardial
      tamponade. A 56-year-old man in whom severe dyspnea developed 22 days after
      cardiac surgery is described. Echocardiography suggested tricuspid valve disease
      but showed no pericardial abnormalities. Catheterization revealed functional
      stenosis of a normal tricuspid valve caused by loculated serous pericardial
      fluid.

PMID- 3876771
TI  - Placenta previa percreta with fetal survival.
AB  - A case of placenta previa percreta accompanied by massive hemorrhage is
      described. Both the mother and fetus survived. Anticipation of this rare
      obstetric condition is both possible and essential for optimum management.

PMID- 3876770
TI  - Anaerobic mediastinitis complicating median sternotomy.
AB  - Two cases of mediastinitis and bacteremia caused by Bacteroides species following
      median sternotomy are described. In both patients, purulent sternal drainage and
      signs of systemic toxicity led to the diagnosis. Surgical reexploration and
      administration of appropriate antibiotics effected clinical cure. Although there
      is only a single previous case of anaerobic mediastinitis following median
      sternotomy incision reported, these two cases suggest that this unusual infection
      may not be so rare as previously thought.

PMID- 3876772
TI  - The androgen receptor in normal human foreskin. I. Stabilization and
      identification of two receptor subunits.
AB  - Use of glycerol and the protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride resulted
      in a fourfold increase in the yield of androgen receptor from human neonatal
      foreskin and a tenfold increase in stability of this receptor. The general
      physical properties of the androgen-binding component isolated from the cytosol
      of human neonatal foreskin were found to be consistent with those previously
      reported for androgen receptors. The synthetic androgen methyltrienolone (R1881)
      was bound with high affinity (a mean dissociation constant of 0.51 nmol/L) and
      low capacity (5.6 fmol/mg of protein); maximum binding required 4 hours. Affinity
      of the receptor was highest for R1881 followed by dihydrotestosterone,
      testosterone, and progesterone. 17 beta-Estradiol showed little or no
      competition. The receptor exhibited a change of sedimentation coefficient from 8S
      to 4S upon treatment with 0.1 mol/L potassium chloride. Isoelectric focusing
      demonstrated the existence of two molecular species with apparent isoelectric
      points of 7.2 and 5.7.

PMID- 3876773
TI  - Human vitreous levels of selected antistaphylococcal antibiotics.
AB  - Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus are the most common causes of bacterial
      endophthalmitis. A study of the penetration of selected antistaphylococcal
      antibiotics into human vitreous was undertaken in 58 patients. After 2-g
      intravenous doses of cephalothin, cefazolin, methicillin, oxacillin, or nafcillin
      were given to patients about to undergo vitreous surgery, mean vitreous levels
      for each antibiotic were as follows: cephalothin, 0.97 microgram/ml in diabetics
      and 0.69 microgram/ml in nondiabetics; cefazolin, 0.84 microgram/ml in diabetics
      and 1.6 microgram/ml in nondiabetics; methicillin, 2.56 micrograms/ml in
      diabetics and 2.64 micrograms/ml in nondiabetics; oxacillin, 0.62 microgram/ml in
      diabetics and 0.34 microgram/ml in nondiabetics; and nafcillin, 0.73 microgram/ml
      in diabetics and 0.75 microgram/ml in nondiabetics. Only cefazolin produced
      vitreous concentrations consistently above its minimum inhibitory concentration
      for 90% of S. epidermidis isolates. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were not
      similarly covered. There was a trend toward higher vitreous antibiotic
      concentrations in patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy and rubeosis.

PMID- 3876774
TI  - Fuchs' dystrophy and serum fibrinogen degradation products.

PMID- 3876775
TI  - Mitomycin-induced hemolytic uremic kidney. An experimental model in the rat.
AB  - Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) reported in some patients treated for cancer with
      mitomycin is of unknown pathogenesis, and evidence implicating mitomycin is
      inconclusive. To determine whether mitomycin can induce direct renal damage, left
      kidneys in Lewis rats were perfused with mitomycin (60-4000 micrograms). Control
      rats received perfusions of saline only. Renal tissue was examined from 1 hour up
      to 1 month later. In 29 of 31 rats left renal disease developed: in 9 (mitomycin,
      1000-4000 micrograms), severe cortical infarction; in 20 (mitomycin, 60-500
      micrograms), lesions indistinguishable from human HUS. Glomerular endothelial
      damage was the earliest detectable abnormality, followed by platelet accumulation
      and later capillary wall splitting typical of microangiopathy. Some kidneys had
      interlobular artery necrosis and thrombosis. Right kidneys were normal. In no
      rats in the control group (10) did HUS develop. Thus, mitomycin directly produced
      renal lesions indistinguishable from human HUS, which suggested a mechanism for
      injury seen in mitomycin-treated patients and provided a new model of HUS.

PMID- 3876776
TI  - Vestibular responses to different caloric stimulus intensities.
AB  - Data are presented concerning stimulus response relationships to weak (44 degrees
      C) and strong (0 degrees C) caloric stimuli. In clinically hypoactive ears the
      response to the strong stimulus is not equivalent to the response to the weak
      stimulus for evaluating hypoactivity when using the usual percentage formula. The
      ratio of responses to strong and weak stimuli in the hypoactive ear is greater
      than in the better ear. The absolute differences in mean eye speed response to
      strong and weak stimuli are the same for hypoactive and better ears as for
      hypoactive and probably normal groups. A hypothetical schema is described to
      explain these relationships involving alteration of tonic balance between the two
      ears in the presence of central compensation. The effect of directional
      preponderance on stimulus response relationships is described. It is suggested
      that differences in absolute mean eye speed values in group analysis are the true
      measure of gain due to the stronger stimulus and are more valid for determining
      stimulus response relationships between stimuli of differing intensities than the
      ratio of these means. Using this criterion, no evidence of recruitment was found
      in the ears described. The concept of vestibular recruitment and decruitment in
      terms of caloric test characteristics is discussed and the appropriateness of
      these terms is questioned.

PMID- 3876777
TI  - The large vestibular aqueduct syndrome.
AB  - The hypocycloidal polytomographic temporal bone studies performed on 2683
      patients were reviewed, and the radiographic appearance of the vestibular
      aqueduct was evaluated. Within this group of 5366 ears, forty-seven ears (1%) in
      twenty-six patients demonstrated a large vestibular aqueduct (diameter greater
      than 1.5 mm). A review of the relevant embryology, anatomy, and physiology is
      reported. A discussion of hypocycloidal polytomography and computed tomography of
      the temporal bone as well as a discussion of the Mondini dysplasia is also
      presented. The twenty-six patients underwent a battery of audiometric and
      vestibular function tests. These data were compiled and correlations made,
      allowing for a more complete characterization of the large vestibular aqueduct
      syndrome.

PMID- 3876778
TI  - Surgery for vertigo: update 1985.
AB  - Surgical techniques for treatment of vertigo are updated from the original
      publication on this subject in 1981. The retrolabyrinthine approach to the
      cerebellopontine angle for vestibular neurectomy or vascular loop decompression
      is an important new technique. Preliminary reports are reviewed, and further
      research is encouraged.

PMID- 3876779
TI  - Epidemiology of phobic and obsessive-compulsive disorders among adults.
AB  - Phobic and obsessive-compulsive disorders have long been believed to be
      infrequent in the general population and among persons in treatment. The most
      recent large-scale multicentered epidemiological study sponsored by NIMH shows
      startingly different results. Obsessive-compulsive disorders have a life
      prevalence of 1.9 to 3 percent and a six-month prevalence rate of 1.3 to 2
      percent, rates admittedly low but higher than previously thought. Phobic
      disorders, however, have a life prevalence rate of 7.8 to 23.3 percent and a
      prevalence rate of 5.4 to 13.4 percent, placing them as the first leading
      diagnosis. This article also reviews what is known about risk factors and
      associated pathology.

PMID- 3876780
TI  - Psychological consequences of infestation of the dwelling unit.
AB  - Interview data from a three-wave panel study of the impact of the residential
      environment upon the psychological well-being of 337 minority women were used to
      examine the effects of household infestation upon self-reported depression,
      phobic anxiety, somatization, hostility, and anomia. The findings of cross
      sectional and change analyses over the three waves of data point to a stable
      relationship between rat infestation and a single dimension of psychological well
      being, somatization.

PMID- 3876781
TI  - Inhibition of interleukin-2 production by retroplacental sera: a possible
      mechanism for human fetal allograft survival.
AB  - Fetal tolerance may be a consequence of a local nonspecific serum factor(s)
      having immunomodulatory activity on maternal cellular effector responses. Paired
      peripheral and retroplacental sera were collected from 15 healthy patients having
      elective caesarean section and the sera were studied for their abilities to
      inhibit the uptake of tritiated thymidine by activated lymphocytes in the mixed
      lymphocyte reaction (MLR). We found that: Twenty-eight percent of peripheral
      blood (PB) and all retroplacental sera (RP) could inhibit the MLR. Conditioned
      medium (MLRS) could completely overcome the inhibition by RP sera. Ultrapure
      interleukin-1 (IL-1) could not reverse the inhibitory effect. Recombinant
      interleukin-2 (IL-2) (100 units/culture) completely reversed the inhibition.
      Inhibition by RP sera occurred between 0 and 24 hours of cell-cell interactions
      in the MLR and, The inhibition was both on stimulator and responder cells. Thus,
      factor(s) in RP sera may act to inhibit IL-2 production at the fetomaternal
      interface. These findings are discussed in the context of fetal allograft
      rejection.

PMID- 3876782
TI  - Electrophysiologic pacing of vocal cord abductors in bilateral recurrent
      laryngeal nerve paralysis.
AB  - We have reconfirmed our previous findings that controlled, reproducible,
      sustained, discrete vocal cord abduction can be achieved synchronously with
      respiration by electrophysiologic stimulation of the paralyzed posterior
      cricoarytenoid muscles. Moreover, we have demonstrated that this can be triggered
      synchronously by employing the normal physiologic chest wall movements that occur
      on respiration. To our knowledge, this represents the first report of
      functionally paced vocal fold abduction with respiration employing physiologic
      chest wall motions using an implantable device, and may represent an important
      step in the development of a physiologic approach to bilateral recurrent
      laryngeal nerve paralysis.

PMID- 3876783
TI  - Interleukin-2 production in head and neck cancer patients.
AB  - Interleukin-2, a lymphocyte-produced hormone or lymphokine, is required to
      support proliferation of antigen-triggered T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T cells
      that are considered essential elements for host tumor control. We have addressed
      the question of whether interleukin-2 production is altered in head and neck
      cancer patients, a group that is frequently immunosuppressed. Interleukin-2
      production was measured by the tritium-labeled thymidine CT6 assay on the
      supernatants of peripheral blood lymphocytes of head and neck cancer patients and
      controls after 24 hour stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. The mean levels of
      interleukin-2 produced were 127 units (range 3 to 336 units) in the head and neck
      cancer patients versus 125 units (range 26 to 307 units) in the control group
      (not statistically significant). There were no significant differences in mean
      interleukin-2 values between cancer patients with stages I and II or III and IV
      disease compared with the control subjects. Twenty-seven percent of the cancer
      patients had interleukin-2 levels below the 10th percentile cutoff point (p =
      0.015). The lymphocyte proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin was
      significantly depressed in the head and neck cancer patients compared with the
      control subjects. This did not correlate with interleukin-2 production
      abnormalities, except in patients with advanced disease, in whom there was a
      borderline correlation between phytohemagglutinin response and interleukin-2
      production (correlation coefficient 0.23, p = 0.05). We conclude that the
      commonly observed depressed T-cell proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin
      in head and neck cancer patients is not explained by impaired interleukin-2
      production.

PMID- 3876785
TI  - Quantitation of vanadium oxides in airborne dusts by X-ray diffraction.

PMID- 3876784
TI  - Detection of antibody against extractable nuclear antigen by an enzyme-linked
      immuno-sorbent assay. Results from patients with rheumatic and internal medical
      diseases.
AB  - Anti-ENA antibody determination by ELISA technique may offer a valuable
      diagnostic help in the discrimination of patients with mixed connective tissue
      disease (MCTD) from those with other chronic inflammatory connective tissue
      diseases. Determination of this antibody was performed in a prospective designed
      investigation among 101 blood donors, 154 patients with various non-rheumatic
      internal medical diseases, and 229 patients with chronic inflammatory connective
      tissue diseases, including five patients with MCTD. A positive titre of anti-ENA
      antibody was found in approximately 10% of blood donors and patients with various
      internal medical disorders. A highly positive anti-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) titre
      was found in the patients with MCTD, but was also observed in patients with other
      chronic inflammatory connective tissue diseases, giving a predictive value of 56%
      for MCTD. We conclude that highly positive anti-RNP antibody values do not
      automatically indicate the diagnosis MCTD. Other diagnostic possibilities should
      still be considered.

PMID- 3876786
TI  - Loss of radial artery pressure trace during internal mammary artery dissection
      for coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

PMID- 3876787
TI  - Anesthetic management of a patient with hypokalemic familial periodic paralysis
      for coronary artery bypass surgery.

PMID- 3876788
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of postoperative electroanalgesia
      methods].

PMID- 3876789
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of drug-free methods of analgesia in labor].

PMID- 3876790
TI  - [Methods of assessing electroacupuncture analgesia in anesthesiological
      practice].

PMID- 3876791
TI  - Improvement of atopic dermatitis following natural measles virus infection. Four
      case reports.
AB  - Five children with atopic dermatitis were studied during natural measles virus
      infection. Four of the five patients showed temporary clearing of their skin
      lesions for 3 weeks following the infection. The reduction of cell-mediated
      immune responses caused by the measles virus may have played a role in the
      transient improvement of skin conditions in these children. Evidence for T cell
      involvement in the clinical entity of atopic dermatitis is discussed.

PMID- 3876792
TI  - IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies to mite in sera and sputa from asthmatic patients.
AB  - In order to examine roles of antibodies to allergens in bronchial secretions,
      IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies to mite in sputa from mite-sensitive asthmatics were
      measured by ELISA and compared with antibodies in sera. IgA antibodies to mite in
      sputa were significantly higher in mite-sensitive patients than in normal
      controls or mite-unsensitive asthmatic patients (P less than .01), whereas IgG
      and IgA antibodies in sera were significantly higher in mite-sensitive patients
      than in the other two groups (P less than .01). There were no significant
      differences of serum or sputum IgM antibodies among the three groups. The
      relative ratio of the level of IgA antibodies: the level of IgG antibodies was
      higher in sputum than in sera. IgA antibodies in bronchial secretions may play a
      protective role for asthma when allergens enter into the bronchial trees.

PMID- 3876793
TI  - Reference equations for the single-breath diffusing capacity. A cross-sectional
      analysis and effect of body size and age.
AB  - A longitudinal study was implemented in an unpolluted rural area of northern
      Italy (near Venice), before the start of the operation of a large oil-burning
      thermoelectric power plant, in order to investigate the effects of the future
      exposure to air pollution and to elucidate the natural history of obstructive
      airways diseases. During the first cross-sectional survey, a sample of the
      general population (n=3,300, 8 to 64 yr of age) performed several lung function
      tests, and information on risk factors and on the presence of respiratory
      symptoms were obtained by a standardized questionnaire. There were 712 subjects
      who were classified as normal on the basis of rigid criteria and who were able to
      perform satisfactorily a single-breath CO diffusing capacity (DLCOsb) test. The
      DLCOsb values showed an increase with height and age early in life and a later
      decrease with age. Two age groups were selected to determine an age at which
      DLCOsb stopped increasing and began to decline. Reference equations were computed
      (using age and height) in these 2 different age groups in each of the sexes.
      Similar equations were calculated for the total lung capacity derived from single
      breath helium dilution measurements. The DLCOsb values in this study were higher
      than reported by other investigators. The method of selection of the study
      population, the strict criteria for normal, as well as technical, differences
      probably explain this finding. Reference equations for diffusing capacity
      corrected to lung volume (DL/VA) were computed only for adults (much greater than
      20) in both sexes, because age and height coefficients in young subjects were
      insignificant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3876794
TI  - Urinary excretion of desmosine (elastin cross-links) in subjects with PiZZ alpha
      1-antitrypsin deficiency, a phenotype associated with hereditary predisposition
      to pulmonary emphysema.
AB  - To evaluate the concept that lung elastin degradation is accelerated in
      homozygous alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficient persons, we prepared acid
      hydrolysates of urine and used a radioimmunoassay for desmosine to measure urine
      concentrations of this elastin-specific cross-link in such persons and in control
      subjects. Excretion of desmosine in 17 homozygous AAT-deficient (PiZZ) patients
      with emphysema was compared with that in 27 patients with interstitial lung
      diseases (16 sarcoid, 5 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 6 other interstitial lung
      diseases) and 26 healthy subjects. Both smokers and nonsmokers were present in
      all groups. Urinary desmosine concentration (microgram/100 mg creatinine) was
      2.35 +/- 0.93 in the PiZZ patients, 2.49 +/- 1.01 in those with interstitial lung
      disease, and 2.05 +/- 0.54 in the healthy control subjects (p greater than 0.1,
      all comparisons). Because abnormal pulmonary elastolysis may be largely completed
      before symptoms of emphysema develop in AAT-deficient persons, we also tested 6
      asymptomatic adults with homozygous AAT deficiency (PiZZ) and 5 PiZZ children.
      Urine desmosine (microgram/100 mg creatinine) was not significantly elevated in
      either group compared with that in the age-matched control subjects, although
      children (PiZZ and age-matched controls) showed higher excretions than did adults
      (6 asymptomatic PiZZ adults, 2.60 +/- 0.91; 5 PiZZ children, 3.27 +/- 0.62; 10
      control children, 3.61 +/- 0.62). These data suggest that pathologic lung
      elastolysis in the PiZZ subject may constitute too small a fraction of total-body
      elastin turnover to be detected by this method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3876795
TI  - Cytochrome b-245 in human alveolar macrophages.
AB  - To kill microorganisms, phagocytes exhibit an oxidative burst with, in
      particular, a NADPH-dependent, superoxide-generating system that consists, in
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), of a flavin enzyme and cytochrome b-245 (cyt
      b-245). We investigated the existence of this cytochrome in human alveolar
      macrophages (AM) because its presence would support its wide-spread occurrence in
      phagocytes and would raise the possibility of similarities in the oxygen
      dependent killing mechanisms in AM and PMN. Moreover, we compared the amount of
      cyt b-245 in AM from patients with lung disorders with that from healthy
      subjects, by a differential spectroscopic measurement of its 558 to 559 nm
      characteristic band. This spectrum showed that cyt b-245 was present in AM. In AM
      of healthy subjects, the amount was similar to that found in PMN of blood. In AM
      of patients with miscellaneous lung diseases and in Am of infected lungs, the
      data were not modified.

PMID- 3876796
TI  - The concentration of leukocyte elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex in
      bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from healthy human subjects.
AB  - Although alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-antitrypsin) is widely thought to
      protect lung elastin against the elastolytic action of leukocyte elastase, there
      is only circumstantial evidence for such a protective role. We have demonstrated
      and quantified elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex in bronchoalveolar
      lavage fluids from healthy smokers and nonsmokers using a new enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay. The relative concentration of complex is 0.36 +/- 0.48
      mmol/mol albumin in nonsmokers and 0.33 +/- 0.29 mmol/mol albumin in smokers.
      Less than 1% of lavage fluid alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor is complexed with
      elastase (0.31% in nonsmokers and 0.34% in smokers). This proportion is, however,
      much higher than in normal plasma where only approximately 0.006% of inhibitor is
      bound to elastase. Our data confirm that alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor efficiently
      acts as an antielastase barrier in the lower respiratory tract.

PMID- 3876797
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmias treated by catheter ablation methods.

PMID- 3876798
TI  - Angiodysplasia and gastrointestinal bleeding in chronic renal failure.

PMID- 3876799
TI  - Ischemic optic neuropathy secondary to intestinal hemorrhage.
AB  - A 70-year-old man presented with bilateral ischemic optic neuropathy. Workup
      revealed anemia that proved to be secondary to blood loss from an occult small
      bowel sarcoma. Ischemic optic neuropathy is an uncommon complication of
      gastrointestinal hemorrhage. It is important to recognize the association of
      visual loss and severe blood loss when they occur concurrently, so that proper
      treatment may be promptly instituted.

PMID- 3876800
TI  - Preretinal and retinal hemorrhage due to chronic subdural hematoma.
AB  - A case report of a 58-year-old man with preretinal and retinal hemorrhages due to
      chronic subdural hematoma is presented. Three weeks after head injury in a motor
      vehicle accident, a few peripapillary retinal hemorrhages with slightly blurred
      margins of the optic disk were seen in both eyes; subretinal and preretinal
      hemorrhages developed subsequently. Computed tomography revealed right frontal
      subdural hematoma, though there were no neurologic findings. Preretinal
      hemorrhages associated with subdural hematoma are uncommon in adults, and no
      photographic evidence of such hemorrhages has been published. The patient was
      treated nonsurgically, and the ocular hemorrhages resolved gradually.

PMID- 3876801
TI  - [Retrospective study of the prognostic value of histological criteria in lymphoma
      of the ORL region].
AB  - The histological study of 36 cases of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas beginning for the
      E.N.T. area has allowed us to show that the Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Working
      Formulation made for the lymph nodes may be used to ENT Localization and give a
      reliable prognosis. Other elements like: sex, clinical staging, treatment have no
      significant value concerning the survival rate in our study. This study agrees
      with the previous studies about the predominance cases to the high power of
      malignancy of these lymphomas.

PMID- 3876802
TI  - Colonoscopy following intraoperative lavage in the management of severe colonic
      bleeding.
AB  - Intraoperative lavage of the colon through a catheter inserted into the caecum
      provides a rapid means of cleansing the bowel of blood and clots to enable
      thorough colonoscopy in cases of severe colonic bleeding. This permits diagnosis
      of the site and cause of haemorrhage in those cases in which neither
      arteriography, conventional colonoscopy, nor laparotomy alone are helpful. Four
      cases are presented in which the technique of colonoscopy following
      intraoperative lavage allowed diagnosis and treatment in massive large bowel
      bleeding.

PMID- 3876803
TI  - Pregnancy and esophageal varices.
AB  - Successful pregnancy in patient after four operations for portal hypertension
      with severe esophageal varices is presented. Vaginal delivery assisted by vacuum
      extractor or forceps to shorten the second stage of delivery is recommended.

PMID- 3876804
TI  - Interrelationships between circulating vitamin D metabolites in normocalciuric
      and hypercalciuric renal stone formers.
AB  - Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D] and
      1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] were studied in renal stone formers while on
      a diet containing 1,000 or 300 mg calcium per day. The patients were divided into
      four groups and identified as (a) normocalciuric (NSF), (b) absorptive
      hypercalciuric (AH), (c) renal hypercalciuric (RH) and (d) as having primary
      hyperparathyroidism (PHP). The results indicate that, on the 1,000-mg Ca diet,
      the mean 25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)2D and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations were within the
      normal range in all groups of patients. On the low-calcium diet, 25(OH)D
      concentrations decreased significantly in patients with AH and RH while
      24,25(OH)2D concentrations were not affected by the low-calcium diet. 1,25(OH)2D
      concentrations increased significantly during dietary calcium restriction in all
      groups of patients. When the relationship obtained on each diet between the
      circulating 25(OH)D concentrations and the 25(OH)D/1,25(OH)2D concentration ratio
      was compared, it suggested that the increase in the 1,25(OH)2D concentrations
      during dietary calcium restriction may have been due to an increase in the
      capacity of the 25(OH)D-1 alpha-hydroxylase, or to an increase in the circulating
      half-life of the hormone. These results indicate that renal stone formers are
      able to adapt themselves to dietary calcium restriction as shown by highly
      significant increases in the circulating 1,25(OH)2D concentrations while on a low
      calcium diet. Moreover, the increase in the circulating 1,25(OH)2D concentrations
      did not happen at the expense of the 24,25(OH)2D production in any of the groups
      of patients studied.

PMID- 3876805
TI  - Clinical history, brain metabolism, and neuropsychological function in
      Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Data concerning 7 patients with a diagnosis of presumptive Alzheimer's disease
      (mean age, 65.6 years) are presented in detail in relation to the patients'
      regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose. Rates were measured by positron
      emission tomography with fluorine 18-labeled fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose under
      conditions of reduced visual and auditory stimulation. A relationship was found
      between severity of dementia and brain metabolism. In patients with mild to
      moderate Alzheimer's disease, memory and intellectual deficits were evident
      without major reductions in absolute metabolic rates, while ratios of regional to
      whole brain metabolism revealed reductions in regions of the parietal lobes. In
      the late, severe form of the disease, brain metabolic rates were consistently and
      significantly reduced. The findings suggest that memory and intellectual deficits
      are reflected in reductions of brain metabolism in some brain regions in mild to
      moderate forms of Alzheimer's disease and that, in the late, severe form of the
      disease, reductions occur consistently throughout the brain.

PMID- 3876806
TI  - [Isoelectric focusing of different classes of beta-lactamases in cell-free
      extracts of Gram-negative bacteria].
AB  - A method of electrofocusing of beta-lactamases in cell-free bacterial extracts
      was developed. It provided determination of the isoelectric points of beta
      lactamases without preliminary preparation of the homogeneous enzyme.
      Isoelectrofocusing of beta-lactamases of 14 poly-resistant strains of gram
      negative bacteria of six species was performed. It was found that the isoelectric
      points of the beta-lactamase belonging to the same class according to Richmond
      were different. No species specificity of the beta-lactamases of the gram
      negative bacteria was observed.

PMID- 3876807
TI  - Discriminatory inhibition of adrenocortical 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity by
      inhibitors of cholesterol side chain cleavage cytochrome P-450.
AB  - Two inhibitors of the cholesterol side chain cleavage reaction were tested for
      their ability to inhibit bovine adrenocortical 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 21
      hydroxylase activities. One inhibitor, 22-amino-23,24-bisnor-5-cholen-3 beta-ol
      (22-ABC), was found to be a potent inhibitor of 17 alpha-hydroxylation of either
      progesterone or pregnenolone but was inactive on 21-hydroxylase activity. 22-ABC
      was found to be a competitive inhibitor of 17 alpha-hydroxylase (cytochrome P
      45017 alpha) activity, having an apparent inhibitor constant of 29 nM when using
      pregnenolone as the substrate. Spectral binding studies showed that 22-ABC
      produces a type II difference spectrum when added to a bovine adrenocortical
      microsomal preparation, due presumably to a coordination of its amine nitrogen
      atom to the heme-iron of cytochrome P-45017 alpha. The second cholesterol side
      chain cleavage inhibitor tested, (20R)-20-phenyl-5-pregnene-3 beta,20-diol (20
      PPD), was found not to inhibit either the 21- or 17 alpha-hydroxylase activities.
      It is proposed that the phenyl group projecting from C-20 of 20-PPD prevents this
      steroid from binding to cytochrome P-45017 alpha. The discriminatory interaction
      of these two steroids with adrenocortical cytochromes P-450 provides some insight
      with respect to possible structural features of the active-site regions of these
      enzymes.

PMID- 3876808
TI  - Juvenile linear scleroderma associated with serologic abnormalities.
AB  - We investigated 24 juvenile cases of linear scleroderma for the presence of
      systemic disease and serologic abnormalities. Thirteen of 24 patients had
      antinuclear antibodies (ANA) at titers of 1:40 or greater. Rheumatoid factor
      (titers greater than or equal to 1:20) was detected in seven of 17 patients
      tested, five of whom also had ANA. Two of five patients with ANA and rheumatoid
      factor had systemic diseases, such as nephritis and Raynaud's phenomenon. One
      patient with ANA developed typical dermatomyositis. Consequently, patients with
      linear scleroderma may be at some risk for developing systemic collagen-vascular
      diseases. On initial presentation, patients with linear scleroderma should give a
      complete history and receive a thorough physical examination as well as undergo
      laboratory evaluations for the presence of ANA and rheumatoid factor. Long-term
      observation with periodic reevaluation is appropriate for many members of this
      group.

PMID- 3876809
TI  - Serum concentration of placental proteins in non-pregnant and pregnant subjects.
AB  - Chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and Schwangerschaftsprotein 1 (SP1) were measured
      in 35 menstrual cycles in 20 women. During the follicular phase, 3 samples were
      positive for hCG and two of these were also positive for SP1. All these positives
      occurred on the day of ovulation or immediately before. In the luteal phase 25
      specimens showed both hCG and SP1 and two showed only SP1, the positive results
      occurring 3-15 days after ovulation. The placental proteins were also measured in
      a further eight women who became pregnant. The pattern in these was quite
      different. The first positives were detected 8 days after ovulation and by 12
      days all the subjects were positive for both proteins. Thereafter both proteins
      increased sharply in concentration. A group of 139 subjects who, on biological
      grounds, could not have conceived, showed no positive results.

PMID- 3876810
TI  - Interleukin production in juvenile chronic arthritis.

PMID- 3876812
TI  - Pacing the diaphragm in infants.

PMID- 3876811
TI  - Changes in T lymphocyte subsets following injury. Assessment by flow cytometry
      and relationship to sepsis.
AB  - The increased susceptibility of severely injured patients to infection and death
      from sepsis has been attributed to abnormalities in cell-mediated immunity. The
      authors therefore assessed the relative number of peripheral blood T helper cells
      and T suppressor/cytotoxic cells and total T lymphocytes identified by the
      monoclonal antibodies (McA) OKT4, OKT8, and OKT3, respectively, in 25 patients
      with burns from 5 to 85% total body surface area (TBSA) (mean: 40%) and 21
      patients with nonthermal injuries (mean Injury Severity Score (ISS): 21.4).
      Patients were compared to 21 healthy controls. Cells reacting with the McA were
      detected by flow cytometry, which enabled the examination of a population of
      cells the size of T lymphocytes, excluding larger contaminating cells that might
      bind the McA. Patients with burns of 30% TBSA or greater had a significant
      reduction (p less than or equal to 0.05) in OKT3+ cells up to 50 days post-burn.
      Both septic and nonseptic burn patients had reduced numbers of OKT3+ cells, as
      did patients after nonthermal injury, suggesting that this reduction was due to
      the injury itself. Patients with smaller burns (less than 30% TBSA) as a group
      did not have reduced OKT4+ cells, whereas those with larger burns showed
      significant reductions in OKT4+ cells (P less than or equal to 0.05) at 0 to 5, 6
      to 10, 11 to 20, 21 to 30, and 41 to 50 days post-burn. Seven burn patients who
      became septic 10 days post-burn or later had significantly lower OKT4+ cells
      within 10 days of injury (mean: 33.75% +/- 7.4 SEM) than 10 patients who remained
      free of sepsis (mean: 42.2% +/- 5.4, p = 0.004). Patients with uncomplicated
      nonthermal injuries failed to show any significant reduction in OKT4+ cells.
      Following thermal injury, a reduction in OKT8+ cells was observed up to 10 days
      in patients with burns less than 30% TBSA, and up to 20 days in patients with
      larger burns. In both groups, at no time were increased OKT8+ cells found to
      correlate with clinical events. In patients with nonthermal injury, OKT8+ cells
      generally remained near the normal range.

PMID- 3876813
TI  - Diaphragmatic pacing in infants: techniques and results.
AB  - Phrenic nerve pacing was employed in 8 infants with central hypoventilation
      syndrome. Their ages ranged from 2.5 to 8.5 months. Preoperative diagnosis was
      established by demonstrating inadequate ventilatory response to hypercapnia and
      hypoxia. Percutaneous measurements of phrenic nerve conduction time and
      diaphragmatic action potentials were performed prior to operation to assess the
      feasibility of diaphragmatic pacing. A single anterolateral thoracotomy incision
      was used for both electrode placement in the chest and receiver implantation in
      the flank. The stimulating electrode was inserted around a segment of
      intrathoracic phrenic nerve isolated with pleura and perineural blood supply.
      Follow-up is available on all patients six months to 8 years postoperatively.
      There were no complications or deaths related to the procedure. In all patients,
      bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation allowed either marked decrease in or
      discontinuation of positive-pressure ventilation. Phrenic nerve pacing can be
      performed safely in infants. It provides an effective alternative method for
      ventilatory support without the drawbacks of positive-pressure ventilation.

PMID- 3876814
TI  - Hemostatic effectiveness of fibrin glue derived from single-donor fresh frozen
      plasma.
AB  - Fibrin glue derived from pooled human blood is an effective sealant for high
      porosity vascular grafts and a valuable topical hemostatic agent in heparinized
      patients. Use of this agent in the United States is prohibited because of
      potential transmission of hepatitis B, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and
      other serologically transmitted illnesses. We have developed a cryoprecipitation
      technique that allows preparation of fibrin glue from single-donor fresh frozen
      plasma. Use of this agent presumably entails no greater risk of disease
      transmission than intravenous administration of single-unit fresh frozen plasma.
      This report describes our early clinical experience with this material. Fibrin
      glue was used as a sealant for porous woven Dacron tubular prostheses and
      cardiovascular patches in 19 patients. The fibrin glue sealant has also been
      employed to control bleeding from needle holes and small anastomotic tears in 22
      patients. No patient in this series had a bleeding complication from a suture
      line or graft treated with fibrin glue. This experience indicates that like
      fibrin glue from pooled blood, fibrin glue from single-donor plasma is effective
      as a graft sealant and topical hemostatic agent. Preparation of fibrin glue from
      single-donor plasma is simple and economical, and may provide cardiothoracic
      surgeons in the United States with a widely available, valuable hemostatic
      adjunct.

PMID- 3876815
TI  - Bone growth accelerated by stimulation of the epiphyseal plate with electric
      current.
AB  - The effect of stimulation with continuous small amounts (20 microA) of electric
      current on the distal epiphyseal plate of rabbit femurs was examined. In contrast
      to control animals 6 weeks after the operation 18 of the 20 experimental animals
      showed an increased lengthening or broadening of the femur on the operated side.
      In 14 cases the increased growth resulted in varus or valgus deformities.

PMID- 3876816
TI  - [Features of the structure of the spleen and lymph nodes of the rat after
      exposure to the secretion of the suprascapular gland of the toad].
AB  - Zootoxin of the toad suprascapular glands in the dose of 0.5 mg/kg of the body
      mass (rat) increases mitotic activity of lymphoid cells in B-dependent zones of
      the lymph nodes and spleen. Simultaneously, mitotic activity of cells in T
      dependent zones of the spleen also increases.

PMID- 3876817
TI  - [Effect of acetylcholine on the structuro-functional characteristics of bush-like
      interoceptors of the urinary bladder of the frog].
AB  - In the preparation of the frog (Rana temporaria) isolated urinary bladder, it has
      been stated by morphological and physiological experiments that under an exogenic
      acetilcholine influence certain structural-functional changes take place in the
      bushy interoceptor. They are manifested as a sharp deterioration in coloration
      the receptor with methylene blue, the receptory plates decrease in their size,
      character of granuloformation changes in them. Simultaneously, an increased
      electrical activity is observed and, on the contrary, under the influence of
      atropine the impulse activity drops. It should be suggested that acetilcholine
      acts as an activator of metabolic and as a modulator of physiological processes
      in the receptor.

PMID- 3876818
TI  - [Intrahypothalamic connections of the lateral hypothalamus].
AB  - Using the axon degeneration method by R. Fink and L. Heimer, organization of
      intrathalamic connections between various areas of the lateral hypothalamus have
      been studied after unisided electrolitic lesion. At any location of the injury
      foci, similar patterns are observed in ipsilateral distribution of degenerating
      fibers along the whole lateral preoptico-hypothalamic area. The most massive
      degeneration is observed in the zone where the medial forebrain bundle (MFB)
      fibers run. The degenerating fibers spread forward--into the septal area, and
      backward--into the mesencephalic part of the brain. The rostral and caudal parts
      of the lateral hypothalamus, taking part in formation of the MFB collateralies
      towards the thalamus, are connected with various thalamic nuclei. Massive
      preterminal degeneration in the perifornical zone and single argerophile granules
      in the medial hypothalamus convincingly demonstrate an important role of the
      intermediate zone for connections of its medial and lateral parts with each
      other. The conclusion that the intrahypothalamic connections of the lateral
      hypothalamus are realized within the MFB system supports the modern notion on a
      close connection of the lateral hypothalamus with the system of longitudinal
      diffuse bundles of fibers of the medial anterocerebral pathway that run through
      it.

PMID- 3876819
TI  - [Morphofunctional characteristics of immunocompetent cells in dysplasia of the
      breast].
AB  - Immunocompetent cells were studied in the stroma and epithelium of 34 cases of
      mammary gland dysplasia. The following stainings were used for light microscopy:
      hematoxylin and eosin, methods of Brachet, van Gieson, Romanovsky-Giemsa,
      hallocyanine alums, Gomori, PAS-reaction as well as the determination of acid and
      alkaline phosphatases, glucose-6-phosphate and succinate dehydrogenase were used.
      14 cases were studied ultrastructurally. Two types of small B lymphocytes and one
      type of large lymphocytes, stromal macrophages are described. Their
      morphofunctional characteristics is given and their properties in proliferating
      and non-proliferating fibroadenomatosis are shown. Interaction of intraepithelial
      large granular lymphocytes (normal killers) with immature epithelial cells
      resulting in the death of these epitheliocytes is described. The results obtained
      are regarded as a morphological manifestation of the immune surveillance.

PMID- 3876820
TI  - Interleukin-2 production and bone-resorption activity in vitro by unstimulated
      lymphocytes extracted from chronically-inflamed human periodontal tissues.
AB  - Lymphocytes isolated from chronically-inflamed tissues were assessed for their
      ability to produce lymphokines without further stimulation in vitro. Cells were
      extracted from tissue obtained from 42 patients undergoing periodontal surgery.
      Cultures were set up in triplicate and supernatants collected after 48 h were
      assayed for interleukin-2 (IL-2) or bone-resorptive activity. IL-2 was assayed in
      the cultured supernatants from 20 patients using a previously-standardized T-cell
      growth assay, with maximally-stimulated peripheral blood-lymphocytes as a
      positive control. Bone-resorptive activity (BRA) was assessed in culture
      supernatants from another 22 patients using an in-vitro mouse-calvaria culture
      system in which calcium release was measured with a calcium analyser. IL-2 was
      detected in 12 out of the 20 unstimulated cultures; BRA was detected in 14 of the
      22 unstimulated cultures. There appeared to be no relationship between IL-2
      production and BRA and the severity of the disease as assessed by loss of
      attachment. Nevertheless, it seems that most of the cells extracted from
      chronically-inflamed tissue were producing lymphokines which may indicate
      stimulation in vivo prior to cell extraction.

PMID- 3876821
TI  - Effects of testosterone and its metabolites in relation to androgen-binding
      activity in murine submandibular salivary glands.
AB  - The relative potencies of testosterone (T), testosterone propionate (TP) and
      other related steroids (5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, DHT; 5 alpha-androstane-3
      alpha, 17 beta-diol, alpha-diol; 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol, beta
      diol) in restoring some morphological and functional characteristics of
      submandibular gland (SMG) were investigated in castrated mice. The steroids
      restored to near-control values the glandular weight and total protein content,
      alpha-diol and TP being the most effective compounds tested; with regard to
      proteolytic activity stimulation, beta-diol was more effective than DHT. The
      alpha-diol metabolite was unique in significantly increasing DNA synthesis. In
      competition studies, alpha-diol and beta-diol were ineffective in displacing the
      specifically bound [3H]-R1881 from the SMG androgen-binding macromolecules. Thus
      T can elicit its effects on SMG without the need of prior conversion to DHT;
      there must be alternative, receptor-independent mechanisms whereby alpha- and
      beta-diol exert trophic/metabolic effects on murine SMG.

PMID- 3876822
TI  - Improved color test results with large-field viewing in dichromats.
AB  - Standard methods for screening color vision defects may be expected to
      underestimate a color defective's complete chromatic discrimination abilities
      because the viewing field is confined to the fovea (central 2 degrees). Large
      field (8 degrees) Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue and dichotomous (D-15) tests were
      constructed. The 100-hue test, along with its small-field counterpart, was
      administered to five deuteranopes (green defectives) and four protanopes (red
      defectives). The D-15 small- and large-field tests were given to these same
      subjects with the addition of two deuteranopes and one protanope. Both
      deuteranopes and protanopes showed marked improvement on the large-field D-15 and
      100-hue tests. This improvement in performance for large-field over small-field
      viewing is consistent with color-matching data, which show large-field
      trichromacy in observers who have been demonstrated to be small-field red-green
      dichromats. These results suggest that tests confined to central fovea viewing
      provide an incomplete functional description of the color vision of an
      appreciable number of classic dichromats.

PMID- 3876823
TI  - Differential diagnosis of congenital tritanopia and dominantly inherited juvenile
      optic atrophy.
AB  - To determine whether congenital tritanopia and dominantly inherited juvenile
      optic atrophy (DIJOA) are the same clinical entity, we used electroretinograms of
      the blue-sensitive cone system (blue cone ERGs), comparing those of two patients
      with congenital tritanopia from two pedigrees with those of four patients with
      DIJOA from two pedigrees. The examinations also included visual acuity and visual
      field tests, fundus examination, the dark-adaptation test, and several color
      vision tests. The blue cone ERG confirmed a difference between the two groups; it
      was unrecordable in the patients with congenital tritanopia but within the normal
      range in those with DIJOA. We believe that congenital tritanopia and DIJOA are
      distinct disease entities and that the blue cone ERG is a key factor in the
      differential diagnosis.

PMID- 3876824
TI  - Endothelial and epithelial-like cell formations in a case of posterior
      polymorphous dystrophy.
AB  - Histology of the endothelial and epithelial-like cells, vesicles, and membranes
      seen on the posterior corneal surface in posterior polymorphous dystrophy were
      examined by light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy in
      a 3-month-old female infant. The entire posterior surface of both corneas was
      covered by a geographic pattern of endothelial and epithelial-like cells,
      sometimes creating vesicles and sometimes creating partially detached sheets of
      cells. The thickness of Descemet's membrane varied widely, showing a tendency to
      be most complete under the remaining endothelial cells and thinner or absent
      under the epithelial-like cells. Details of this histology have important
      implications for our understanding of congenital diseases of corneal endothelium.

PMID- 3876825
TI  - Maintenance chemotherapy for high-risk patients. A preliminary report.
AB  - A prospectively designed program employing surgery, radiotherapy, and maintenance
      chemotherapy was initiated for patients with histologic evidence of extracapsular
      spread of tumor in cervical metastases. Postoperative radiotherapy consisted of
      6,000 rad of cobalt 60 administered in 180- to 200-rad fractions. Chemotherapy
      was initiated two to four weeks following radiotherapy. Methotrexate sodium (250
      mg/sq m), fluorouracil (600 mg/sq m), and leucovorin calcium were administered
      one day per week, two weeks of three, for a total of 18 treatments in six months.
      Thirty-two patients have been in the therapeutic program. Toxic reaction has been
      minimal and self-limiting. One patient stopped chemotherapy because of toxic
      reaction. One patient (3%) was noncompliant. All patients have been followed up
      for 18 to 33 months. Twenty-one patients remain alive and free of disease (81%
      determinate survival). This compares with a 36% (9/25) disease-free survival for
      concurrent controls and 39% survival for historic controls.

PMID- 3876826
TI  - Topical eye therapy for inflammatory disorders.

PMID- 3876827
TI  - A meatworks survey of bovine hydatidosis in southern Queensland.
AB  - A meatworks survey was undertaken in 1981-82 to define the distribution and
      prevalence of hydatidosis in beef cattle in southern Queensland. Hydatid cysts,
      mostly degenerate, were found in 14.6% of the 22,916 animals examined. The
      endemic area was to the east of a line approximating the 500 mm isohyet.
      Prevalence varied with age and origin of cattle, but not sex. Prevalence
      increased linearly with age, at least up to 4 years. Prevalence on the east coast
      ranged from 4.3% in yearlings to 52.2% in 4-year-old cattle. At the western limit
      of the endemic area, the prevalence ranged from 1.4% in yearlings to 10.8% in 4
      year-olds. On the Darling Downs, prevalence was highest in areas where cattle
      raising is the main industry. On the south western Downs, where sheep-farming
      predominates, the prevalence in cattle was much lower, probably because of fewer
      dingoes. Livers only were affected in 46.5% of infected cattle, lungs only in
      17.7%, and 35.8% of infected animals had both organs affected. Infection in other
      organs was uncommon. A detailed study of 133 infected cattle showed that 3.8% had
      lesions misdiagnosed as hydatid cysts at slaughter.

PMID- 3876828
TI  - [Childhood and juvenile suicide cases (a 10-year epidemiologic study from
      Vienna)].

PMID- 3876829
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of canine epidermal growth
      factor/urogastrone.
AB  - Canine epidermal growth factor (EGF)/urogastrone was partially purified from dog
      urine by fractional precipitation with (NH4)2SO4, ion-exchange chromatography
      with DEAE-cellulose DE-52, gel filtration with Sephadex G-50, and a second DE-52
      chromatography, to yield receptor-competing activity equivalent to 13 micrograms
      of standard mouse EGF/litre of starting urine. The purification was monitored by
      a competitive radioreceptor assay using fixed monolayers of A431 cells. The
      partially purified canine EGF/urogastrone demonstrated a growth-stimulating
      activity in 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells as potent as mouse EGF. Analysis by sodium
      dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis revealed one major peptide
      component with an Mr similar to that of mouse EGF, and two minor peptides of
      slightly higher Mr. The major peptide component was isolated after reduction and
      its amino acid composition was determined.

PMID- 3876830
TI  - Chromatofocusing in the purification and separation of apo- and holo-(vitamin D
      binding protein).
AB  - Chromatofocusing was used to purify the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) from pig
      plasma in a procedure that consisted of an initial DEAE-cellulose chromatography
      followed by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, with final purification by
      chromatofocusing. The protein was purified 184-fold over its concentration in
      plasma. When the plasma was labelled with a tracer concentration of
      [3H]calcidiol, it was apparent that holo- and apo-DBP did not co-chromatograph on
      chromatofocusing. The separation of these two forms of DBP on chromatofocusing
      was verified by using purified apo-DBP mixed with either a tracer or a saturating
      concentration of calcidiol. This separation was consistent with differences
      observed in their isoelectric points. The ability to separate apo and holo forms
      of DBP should permit the study of their specific interactions with other binding
      proteins and help determine the physiological relevance of these interactions.

PMID- 3876831
TI  - Amino acid sequence of the trypsin-generated C3d fragment from human complement
      factor C3.
AB  - Human C3d (try-C3d), prepared from trypsin-digested C3, was fragmented by
      cleavage with CNBr. Eight peptides were defined and separated by h.p.l.c. on
      reversed-phase columns. By automatic Edman degradation the complete sequences of
      five peptides and partial sequences of three peptides were determined. To obtain
      overlapping peptides the latter three fragments were digested with trypsin,
      chymotrypsin or Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase, after which the fragments
      were separated on reversed-phase columns. Two of the CNBr-cleavage peptides were
      completely sequenced, and 70% of the sequence of the remaining CNBr-cleavage
      peptide was determined. The non-sequenced part represents a very hydrophobic
      segment of try-C3d. The sequence data obtained represent 90% of the primary
      structure of try-C3d. Alignment of the CNBr-cleavage fragments was made easier by
      comparison with the cDNA sequence of mouse pro-C3 [Wetsel, Lundwall, Davidson,
      Gibson, Tack & Fey (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 13857-13862]. Comparison of try-C3d
      with the equivalent part of human C4B revealed an extensive sequence homology in
      the N-terminal half of the molecules.

PMID- 3876832
TI  - Radioimmunotherapy of human lymphoma in athymic, nude mice as monitored by 31P
      nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - Human B cell lymphoma (Raji) growing in athymic, nude mice has been successfully
      treated with a single pulse dose of 131I-labeled monoclonal antibody (Lym-1)
      specific for this tumor. Sequential in vivo measurements of phosphate metabolites
      in the tumors by 31P surface coil nuclear magnetic resonance showed a significant
      initial decrease of phosphocreatine following radioimmunotherapy. Diminution of
      relative ATP to Pi peak area ratio suggesting tissue damage occurred within 3-4
      days. The contribution from metabolites resonating at ca 3.8 ppm (putative sugar
      phosphate region) increased. There was no significant change in pH either as a
      function of tumor volume or treatment. The sequence of alterations of nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectra from tumors of treated mice were strikingly different
      from sequential nuclear magnetic resonance spectra obtained from tumors of
      control mice. These observations lead us to conclude that 31P surface coil
      nuclear magnetic resonance is a promising non-invasive method for assessing and
      predicting the efficacy of radioimmunotherapy. Further spatial discrimination of
      the region of tissue observed by the surface coil nuclear magnetic resonance
      experiment is under exploration in an effort to increase the utility of these
      methods.

PMID- 3876833
TI  - Spontaneous production of interleukin-1-like cytokine from a mouse osteoblastic
      cell line (MC3T3-E1).
AB  - We have investigated the role of interleukin-1 in the regulatory mechanisms of a
      bone remodeling system. Osteoblastic cell line (MC3T3-E1) established from
      newborn mouse calvaria spontaneously produced interleukin-1-like cytokine.
      Although the interleukin-1-like activity was not observed in culture supernatants
      of the cells during their exponential phase of growth, a most remarkable
      interleukin-1-like activity was detected in the supernatants of cells cultured in
      serum-free alpha-MEM on day 5 after the cells had formed a confluent monolayer.
      Gel filtration analysis indicated that the interleukin-1-like cytokine exhibits
      some heterogeneity in size.

PMID- 3876834
TI  - Sensitivity of murine B- and T-lymphocytes to oxazaphosphorine and non
      oxazaphosphorine nitrogen mustards.
AB  - The relative sensitivities of murine B- and T-lymphocytes to the oxazaphosphorine
      nitrogen mustards, cyclophosphamide and ASTA Z 7557, and to the non
      oxazaphosphorine nitrogen mustards, melphalan and chlorambucil, in vivo, were
      determined. B- and T-lymphocytes were defined by selective mitogen-induced
      proliferation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced B-lymphocytes were approximately
      twice as sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of cyclophosphamide and ASTA Z 7557
      as were phytohemagglutinin (PHA)- and concanavalin A (Con A)-induced T
      lymphocytes. LPS-induced B-lymphocytes and PHA-induced T-lymphocytes were
      approximately equisensitive to the cytotoxic action of melphalan and
      chlorambucil, but the former were somewhat more sensitive to these agents than
      were Con A-induced T-lymphocytes. The relative sensitivities of murine B- and T
      lymphocytes to ASTA Z 7557 and the non-oxazaphosphorine metabolite of
      cyclophosphamide, phosphoramide mustard, ex vivo, were also determined. LPS
      induced B-lymphocytes were approximately twice as sensitive to the cytotoxic
      action of ASTA Z 7557 as were PHA- and Con A-induced T-lymphocytes. The three
      mitogen-induced lymphocyte populations were approximately equisensitive to the
      cytotoxic action of phosphoramide mustard. These observations suggest that the
      differential effect of cyclophosphamide on murine B- and T-lymphocytes is
      uniquely exhibited by oxazaphosphorine nitrogen mustards. Furthermore, the
      results suggest that 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide is the cyclophosphamide metabolite
      that mediates the differential immunotoxic effect of the parent compound.

PMID- 3876835
TI  - Human B lymphocytes and thymocytes but not peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      accumulate high dATP levels in conditions simulating ADA deficiency.
AB  - Inherited adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is associated with a
      lymphospecific cytotoxicity affecting both dividing and non-dividing cells. The
      metabolic basis for this was investigated using different cell types and the
      potentially toxic metabolite 2'-deoxyadenosine (dAR) in short-term experiments
      under physiological conditions simulating ADA deficiency (1 mM Pi 8.7 microM
      dAR). In the uncultured cells, [8-14C] dAR alone was metabolized almost
      completely only by thymocytes and tonsil-derived B-lymphocytes. The greater
      percentage of counts (greater than 75%) were in the medium (deoxyinosine,
      hypoxanthine). Cellular counts were predominantly in adenine nucleotides, and to
      a lesser extent guanine nucleotides. Interestingly, both thymocytes and tonsil
      derived B-lymphocytes, and a partially ADA deficient B lymphoblast line,
      accumulated detectable amounts of dATP even in the absence of ADA inhibition.
      Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBMs) did not, and showed little dAR metabolism. In
      experiments simulating ADA deficiency varying amounts of 2'-deoxycoformycin
      (2'dCF) were needed to completely inhibit ADA (20-60 microM), with thymocytes
      requiring the highest amount. ADA inhibited thymocytes and tonsillar B
      lymphocytes accumulated very high dATP levels, which were sustained to an equal
      extent by both over a 60-min period; PBMs accumulated the lowest values. Results
      in cultured cells reflected findings in previous studies. Some counts were also
      found in ATP by a route excluding ADA or PNP. These results again question the
      hypothesis that B-cells are more resistant than T-cells to the toxic effects of
      dAR because of an inability to accumulate and sustain elevated dATP levels and
      underline the lack of comparability between enzyme activity in intact as distinct
      from lysed cells. They cast doubt on the validity of cultured cells as a model
      for ADA deficiency and suggest the observed toxicity in some instances might
      result from altered ATP or GTP pools through inadequate ADA inhibition. They
      indicate that combined immunodeficiency in ADA deficiency could relate to an
      equal sensitivity of B-cells and T-cell precursors to the toxic effects of dATP
      accumulation.

PMID- 3876836
TI  - Elevated C3 anaphylatoxin levels in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - Because cleavage products of the third component of complement augment
      inflammation and may contribute to arthritis, we used a competitive inhibition
      radioimmunoassay to measure levels of the low molecular weight cleavage products
      of the third component of complement, C3a and C3adesArg, in 72 synovial fluid
      samples. Mean levels of C3a/C3adesArg were more than sevenfold higher in 41
      patients who had rheumatoid arthritis than in 15 patients who had degenerative
      joint disease or 5 patients who had traumatic arthritis. Striking elevations were
      also present in 2 patients who had acute gouty arthritis. A calculation of the
      fraction of intraarticular C3 cleaved showed that the patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis had a mean C3 cleavage of 11.6 +/- 11.0%, which was significantly
      higher than values of less than 1.5% for patients with degenerative joint disease
      or traumatic arthritis. In rheumatoid arthritis and gouty arthritis, specific
      immunoassay identified substantial quantities of the initial C3 cleavage
      fragments.

PMID- 3876837
TI  - Myocardial infarction with central retinal artery occlusion in a patient with
      antinuclear antibody-negative systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3876839
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography in coronary artery bypass graft assessment:
      clinical applicability.
AB  - Application of electrocardiogram gated digital subtraction angiography to the
      assessment of coronary artery bypass graft function was studied one week to eight
      years after bypass operation in ten unselected patients with recurrent chest
      pain. For the digital method, contrast was injected into the ascending aorta via
      a 4 or 5 French gauge catheter. The results of this technique were compared with
      those of selective graft and coronary angiography in the same patients by two
      independent observers. Of twenty six grafts in the series, patency was confirmed
      in twenty one by both selective and digital angiography. The quality of graft run
      off, graded by each observer using a simple scoring system, demonstrated six
      points of inter observer disagreement when standard cineangiograms were used,
      compared with nine points of disagreement when digital images were used. Digital
      subtraction angiography provided useful graft visualisation, but was less good
      than conventional angiography at defining the native coronary circulation. The
      role of this promising new technique has yet to be established.

PMID- 3876838
TI  - The effects of sodium fluoride, calcium phosphate, and vitamin D2 for one to two
      years on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in postmenopausal women with spinal
      crush fracture osteoporosis.
AB  - Calcium and phosphorus balances and 47Ca turnover studies were performed before
      and after 12-27 months of daily treatment with sodium fluoride (60 mg), calcium
      (30-45 mmol), phosphate (29-44 mmol), and vitamin D2 (18,000 IU) in 20
      postmenopausal women with spinal crush fracture osteoporosis. Before treatment
      the mean calcium balance (-1.6 mmol Ca/day) was negative (P less than 0.05),
      whereas the mean phosphorus balance (-1.6 mmol P/day) did not differ from zero (P
      greater than 0.10). The treatment induced an increase in calcium absorption (P
      less than 0.01) with an unchanged renal excretion and dermal loss of calcium and
      an increase (P less than 0.02) in calcium balance, which became positive (P less
      than 0.01) (+3.3 mmol Ca/day). This enhancement in calcium balance was obtained
      by the combined effects of an increase (P less than 0.05) in bone mineralization
      rate and a decrease (P less than 0.05) in bone resorption rate. The observed
      increase in net phosphorus absorption (P less than 0.001) was more pronounced
      than the increase in renal excretion of phosphorus (P less than 0.001), and the
      phosphorus balance therefore increased (P less than 0.001) and became positive (P
      less than 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between net calcium and net
      phosphorus absorption (r = 0.065; (P less than 0.001) in the 32 studies where
      both calcium and phosphorus balance data were available. Furthermore, a positive
      correlation (r = 0.61; P less than 0.05) was found between the changes in net
      calcium and net phosphorus absorption during treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3876840
TI  - New technique for showing the relation of tomographic myocardial perfusion images
      obtained with thallium-201 to the coronary arteries.
AB  - A new technique has been developed for presenting myocardial tomograms that
      allows the observer to perceive the shape of the thallium-201 distribution
      directly. The surface of the myocardium was found by applying an interactive
      thresholding technique to a set of conventional transverse slices. Computer
      graphics techniques were used to display a shaded image of that surface on a
      television screen, showing the three dimensional shape of the myocardial surface
      from any chosen aspect. A set of normal preserved coronary arteries was
      digitised, and using scaling and transformation techniques these arteries were
      mapped on to the myocardial tomograms and a shaded surface image produced with
      superimposed coronary arteries. This provided a familiar anatomical framework for
      locating perfusion defects. Its value in identifying various diseased vessels was
      confirmed by a comparison of the tomographic findings with the angiographic
      findings in five individual cases.

PMID- 3876841
TI  - Coronary artery bypass grafting and hyperlipidaemia.

PMID- 3876842
TI  - Surgical versus non-surgical management of patients soon after acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - Of 510 patients admitted to hospital with acute myocardial infarction, 34 had
      coronary artery bypass grafting before discharge (6-43 days (median 20) after
      infarction). The patients who were given grafts generally had a smaller
      infarction with less functional impairment than the 476 patients who were not.
      The outcome of coronary artery bypass grafting was investigated in a
      retrospective matched pair study. Patients were matched on the basis of the
      presence of postinfarction angina, left ventricular ejection fraction, location
      of the infarction, peak creatine kinase activity, Killip clinical class, and
      severity of coronary disease with 34 patients who were given medical treatment
      only. At one year follow up fewer of the operated patients had symptoms than did
      the matched non-operated patients. Survival at one year in the operated and non
      operated groups respectively was 94% vs 91%; angina within one year occurred in
      3% vs 68%; congestive heart failure in 3% vs 6%; and 0% vs 32% were referred for
      later bypass grafting or coronary angioplasty. It is concluded that coronary
      artery bypass grafting can be performed safely soon after myocardial infarction
      provided that left ventricular function is not seriously compromised. Such
      treatment is more effective than medical treatment for relief of angina during
      the first year after infarction.

PMID- 3876843
TI  - Bypass grafting to the right coronary artery with and without endarterectomy:
      patency at one year.
AB  - Between January 1979 and December 1981, 142 patients undergoing surgery to the
      right coronary artery agreed to have repeat coronary arteriography one year
      later. Thirty patients underwent combined endarterectomy and bypass grafting to
      the right coronary artery. The patency of these grafts was compared with that of
      grafts in 69 patients undergoing direct grafting to the right coronary artery and
      in 43 with grafting to the posterior descending coronary artery. There were two
      hospital deaths and one late death. No patients developed new inferior Q waves on
      the electrocardiogram. Repeat coronary arteriography at one year showed that 21
      (72%) of the 29 grafts were patent after combined endarterectomy and bypass
      grafting to the right coronary artery. Sixty three (94%) grafts to the right
      coronary artery and 40 (93%) grafts to the posterior descending coronary artery
      were patent at one year. Direct grafts to the right coronary artery or its
      posterior descending branch had a significantly higher patency rate at one year
      than grafts to the endarterectomised right coronary artery. Graft patency after
      the combined procedure correlated with the extent of atherosclerosis in the
      posterior descending coronary artery. It was not influenced by treatment with
      platelet antagonists. Endarterectomy of the right coronary artery was most
      successful when it allowed a single graft to perfuse both the large posterior
      descending and left ventricular branches.

PMID- 3876844
TI  - Reoperation for angina after previous aortocoronary bypass surgery.

PMID- 3876845
TI  - Binding and activation properties of human factor XII, prekallikrein, and derived
      peptides with acidic lipid vesicles.
AB  - The binding of human factor XII and prekallikrein to vesicles of various
      compositions and the relationship to activation of factor XII were studied.
      Factor XII, factor XIIa, and the 40-kilodalton binding fragment of factor XII
      bound tightly to all of the negatively charged lipids investigated, including
      sulfatide, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylethanolamine, but not to the
      neutral lipid phosphatidylcholine. Binding could be reversed by high salt, and
      the dissociation constant for binding to sulfatide vesicles was in the nanomolar
      range at an ionic strength of 0.15 M. Prekallikrein did not bind significantly to
      either sulfatide or phosphatidylethanolamine vesicles under the conditions used.
      Stopped-flow studies showed that the association rate for the factor XII
      sulfatide interaction was biphasic and very rapid; the faster rate corresponded
      to about 30% collisional efficiency. The kinetics of activation of factor XII was
      investigated and was in agreement with previous studies; sulfatide promoted
      activation but phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and
      phosphatidylcholine did not. Autoactivation rates correlated closely with the
      packing density of factor XII and factor XIIa on the vesicle surface. In
      contrast, kallikrein activation of factor XII correlated with the amount of
      sulfatide-bound factor XII and was relatively insensitive to the density of
      factor XII on the vesicle surface. When the concentration of factor XII was
      reduced to only several molecules per vesicle, the autoactivation rate dropped
      very low whereas kallikrein activation held relatively constant. These results
      indicated that the autoactivation and the kallikrein activation of factor XII
      were dependent on different properties of the surface component.

PMID- 3876846
TI  - Light stimulates phosphorylation of two large membrane proteins in frog
      photoreceptors.
AB  - By photoactivating rhodopsin, light indirectly initiates a series of biochemical
      reactions within photoreceptors as part of the visual process. I herein report
      that one of the light-stimulated reactions in bullfrog photoreceptors is the
      phosphorylation of two previously unreported proteins (220 and 240 kDa). Their
      phosphorylation by endogenous kinase(s) is readily observed in freshly isolated,
      fragmented rods. On subcellular fractionation, the labeled proteins copurify with
      the membranes of the outer segments, from which they cannot be extracted with low
      ionic strength. They appear to be integral membrane proteins of the disk or
      plasma membranes. Their light-induced phosphorylation is also observed in intact
      receptors when excised frog retinas are incubated under in vivo conditions with
      32PO4. Thus, appropriate kinase(s) is (are) present within outer segments and
      presumably is (are) the one(s) responsible for phosphorylation in fragmented
      cells. In the presence of adenosine 5'-(gamma-[35S]thiotriphosphate) [( 35S] ATP
      gamma-S), light can also stimulate thiophosphorylation, leading to preferential
      labeling of the 220-kDa protein. On the basis of four criteria (electroporetic
      mobility, membrane location, binding of concanavalin A, and mobility shifts with
      SH oxidation), the 220-kDa protein appears to correspond to the membrane protein
      previously identified at the rims of rod disks [Papermaster, D.S., Schneider,
      B.G., Zorn, M.A. & Kraehenbuhl, J.P. (1978) J. Cell Biol. 78, 415-425]. Identity
      of the other substrate protein is unknown. When fragmented cells are illuminated
      with a flash of 1-ms duration, the half-time for phosphorylation is about 1 min
      with ATP at 0.1 mM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3876847
TI  - Solution studies of the quaternary structure and assembly of human von Willebrand
      factor.
AB  - The reversible association of protomers of von Willebrand protein (vWF) was
      studied in order to analyze the forces and mechanism of vWF polymer assembly. At
      concentrations of vWF found in plasma (approximately 16 micrograms/mL), disulfide
      bond reduction with 50 mM 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) markedly reduced both vWF
      activity, as measured by ristocetin-dependent platelet agglutination, and average
      polymer size (Rh, the mean hydrodynamic radius) in solution, as determined by
      quasi-elastic light scattering (QLS) and by gel filtration chromatography. With
      increasing vWF concentration, activity and Rh increased despite reduction of
      interprotomer disulfide bonds. Changes in temperature after 2-ME treatment
      produced reversible changes in activity and Rh. Varying the total vWF
      concentration at any given temperature after 2-ME treatment changed Rh in a
      consistent and predictable fashion, so that estimates of the dissociation
      constant for vWF protomer-polymer equilibrium were obtained: Kd5 degrees C = 0.77
      micrograms/mL, Kd25 degrees C = 2.4 micrograms/mL, and Kd37 degrees C = 7.7
      micrograms/mL, where under the conditions of reduction presented here, the basic
      protomer of vWF is a dimer. Increasing ionic strength after 2-ME treatment with 1
      M KCl did not change Rh, while approximately 100 microM sodium dodecyl sulfate
      (SDS) or approximately 300 microM sodium deoxycholate (DOC) reduced both Rh and
      activity compared with those of unreduced polymer. These data show that disulfide
      bonds are necessary to maintain vWF polymer size and activity at plasma
      concentrations but that noncovalent forces of association can maintain vWF
      polymer size and activity at higher concentrations. These forces of association
      may be important for polymer assembly during intracellular synthesis of vWF.

PMID- 3876848
TI  - The effects of liposome size and surface charge on liposome-mediated delivery of
      methotrexate-gamma-aspartate to cells in vitro.
AB  - We have studied the liposome-mediated delivery of methotrexate-gamma-aspartate to
      five cell lines. The sensitivity of the cells to encapsulated drug varies widely
      in accordance with their ability to take up the liposomes. CV1-P cells can be 150
      times more sensitive to encapsulated methotrexate-gamma-aspartate than to free
      drug, while AKR/J SL2 cells are only twice as sensitive to the encapsulated drug.
      Negatively-charged liposomes are much more efficient for delivery than are
      neutral liposomes, and cholesterol is an essential component of the liposome
      membrane for optimal drug delivery. The optimal liposome size for drug delivery
      is 0.1 micron, although the amount of cell-associated lipid is the same for all
      liposome sizes. The effect of the encapsulated drug is inhibited by NH4Cl,
      suggesting an endocytic mechanism for delivery. The potency of the encapsulated
      drug is not affected by wide variations in the drug: lipid ratio.

PMID- 3876849
TI  - [Free energy of the accumulation of a fluorescent cation probe within lymphocyte
      mitochondria].
AB  - Fluorescent probe-cation 4-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-1-methylpyridinium (DSM) can
      be accumulated in mitochondria of rat thymus lymphocytes. A method is proposed
      for microfluorometric measuring of DSM concentrations ratio inside the thymocyte
      mitochondria and in the external medium. This method requires no knowledge about
      the cell and mitochondria volume, the number of accumulated probe and formation
      of ionic gradients in the cell by carriers. DSM concentration in energisized
      mitochondria of the thymocyte exceeds its concentration in the external medium by
      10(4) times. This corresponds to the free energy accumulated by DSM equaling 5.2
      +/- 0.2 kcal/mole. If such work on the probe accumulation is performed by the
      electrostatic fields on the plasma and mitochondrial cell membranes, the sum of
      the potentials of these two fields is 230 +/- 10 mV.

PMID- 3876850
TI  - [Relation between the intensity of low-angle equatorial reflections of x-ray
      diffraction patterns of frog skeletal muscle and sarcomere length].
AB  - Dependence of the intensities of low-angle equatorial reflections from frog live
      resting sartorius muscle on sarcomere length between 1.95 micron and 3.1 micron
      were studied in stretch and shortening regimes. It is found that intensities of
      the (10), (20), (30) and Z-reflections increase at sarcomere length increase from
      about 2 micron, reach maximum value at sarcomere length between 2.3 micron and
      2.7 micron, and then fall at further increase of the sarcomere length. The (11)
      and (21) intensities decrease at sarcomere length increase. A conclusion is drawn
      that tetragonal lattice of the thin filaments near Z-line gives essential
      contribution to Z-reflection together with Z-line. It is proposed that hexagonal
      lattice of A-band and tetragonal lattice of the thin filaments distort each other
      at sarcomere length less than 2.3 micron and have the most order at sarcomere
      length between 2.3 micron and 2.7 micron. At further increase of the sarcomere
      length the packing of both lattices deteriorates apparently due to other factors
      than in the case of the short sarcomere length.

PMID- 3876851
TI  - Stimulation of alloreactive cytotoxic T cells by paternal major
      histocompatibility antigens during murine pregnancy.
AB  - In an effort to elucidate T cell reactivity toward paternal major
      histocompatibility (MHC) antigens during pregnancy, the ability of pregnant mice
      to develop alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was studied in individual
      multiparous females mated with MHC congeneic strains of B10 background. Spleen
      cells obtained from B10.BR females mated to allogeneic males manifested
      strikingly higher CTL than those from animals mated to syngeneic males or from
      virgins; syngeneically mated animals were equivalent to virgin controls in CTL
      responses. The augmented CTL response in allogeneic pregnancy was detected not
      only by stimulation with the paternal MHC antigens but also by an unrelated MHC
      haplotype. However, this augmentation was found only during pregnancy in that 2-5
      days after the delivery the CTL activity in allopregnant animals returned to a
      level comparable to that of virgin controls. No suppressor cells were detected at
      this stage. These observations suggest that maternal T cells recognize MHC
      disparity with the fetus in some way during pregnancy. Anti-MHC antibodies,
      immunoglobulin (Ig) M, and IgGs of all subclasses were not detected in these
      animals throughout multiple pregnancies.

PMID- 3876852
TI  - Electrical properties of the myotendon region of frog twitch muscle fibers
      measured in the frequency domain.
AB  - The electrical properties of the end of a muscle fiber were determined using
      three microelectrodes, one passing sinusoidal current, the other two recording
      the resulting voltages. An electrical model was constructed from the morphology
      of the fiber, including the resistance of the extracellular space between cells;
      the parameters of this model were determined by fitting the model to the observed
      voltage responses. Our results, analyzed directly or by curve fits, show that the
      end of muscle fibers contains a large capacitance resulting from the extensive
      membrane folds at the myotendon junction. Analysis and simulations show that the
      extra capacitance at the myotendon junction has substantial effects on
      measurements of linear properties, in particular on estimates of the capacitance
      of the membranes. There is little qualitative effect on classical measurements of
      nonlinear charge movement (provided they were made with one set of electrode
      locations) if the linear components have been subtracted. Quantitative estimates
      of nonlinear charge movement and ionic currents are significantly affected,
      however, because these estimates are customarily normalized with respect to the
      linear capacitance.

PMID- 3876853
TI  - Phorbol ester induces abnormal chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells to express
      features of hairy cell leukemia.
AB  - We have investigated the relationship between chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL),
      hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and different normal B cell subsets: Mrbc+, T1+ and
      slgM+ tonsil cells; germinal center; mantle zone; and peripheral blood B
      lymphocytes. Both malignant and normal cells were incubated in vitro with the
      phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) for 72 hours and the
      morphology, cytochemical profile, and surface markers were evaluated. The results
      show that CLL cells TPA-induced become indistinguishable from HCL by four
      independent criteria: the morphology; the cytoplasmic tartrate resistant acid
      phosphatase (TRAP) enzyme activity; the membrane positivity with anti-Leu M5
      (SHCL3); and anti-Tac monoclonal antibodies which, in the uninduced state, react
      only with HCL. The features of TRAP and Tac positivity are also expressed (though
      in variable degree) by different normal B cell populations activated with TPA or
      pokeweed mitogen (PWM). It is concluded that HCL might represent an aberrantly
      activated variant of CLL (or of a CLL-related disorder).

PMID- 3876854
TI  - Modulation of in vitro eosinophil progenitors by hydrocortisone: role of
      accessory cells and interleukins.
AB  - The growth of human eosinophil progenitors (CFU-Eo) and the modulation of growth
      by hydrocortisone were studied as functions of the presence of lymphocytes and
      monocytes in marrow cells under study; and the source of colony-stimulating
      factors, specifically, media conditioned by macrophage-like cell line, GCT;
      phytohemagglutinin-stimulated mononuclear cells (PHA-LCM); or the T cell line,
      MO. CFU-Eo growth was greatest in marrow containing accessory cells as compared
      to marrow depleted of accessory cells; and in marrow treated with
      phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocyte conditioned media (PHA-LCM) or MO (T cell
      line)-conditioned medium (MO-CM) as compared with GCT cell-conditioned medium
      (GCT-CM). Hydrocortisone reproducibly inhibited eosinophil progenitor growth in
      unfractionated marrow stimulated by GCT-CM. This effect was abrogated by admixing
      irradiated mononuclear cells or T lymphocytes with the target marrow or by adding
      interleukin 1 or interleukin 2 (IL-1, IL-2). Inhibition by hydrocortisone did not
      occur when monocyte and T lymphocyte depleted marrow was studied. Unlike GCT-CM,
      MO-CM and PHA-LCM stimulated equal proportions of eosinophil progenitors in
      nondepleted and accessory cell-depleted marrow and demonstrated less
      hydrocortisone inhibition. However, both GCT-CM and PHA-LCM produced in the
      presence of hydrocortisone stimulated significantly fewer CFU-Eos in both
      unfractionated and accessory cell-depleted marrow target populations. These
      results indicate that the growth of CFU-Eo and inhibition of growth by
      hydrocortisone is a direct function of a monocyte-T cell interaction and probably
      is mediated through effects on the production/release of eosinophil colony
      stimulating factor (Eo-CSF).

PMID- 3876855
TI  - The immunohistology of follicle lysis in lymph node biopsies from homosexual men.
AB  - Follicle lysis is a characteristic alteration of B cell follicles described
      recently in lymph node biopsies from homosexual men. It consists of disruption of
      germinal centers by aggregates of small mature lymphocytes variably associated
      with erythrocyte extravasation. We studied the immunohistology of follicle lysis
      identified in lymph node biopsies from 11 homosexual men. The results indicate
      that follicle lysis has two principal immunohistologic features: (1)
      intrafollicular aggregates of small lymphocytes predominantly of polytypic mantle
      B cell phenotype (T015+/Leu-8+/mu+/delta+/k+ or lambda+), and (2) disruption of
      the normal, unified follicular meshwork of R4/23+ dendritic reticulum cells by
      these B cell aggregates. These structural alterations may affect the functional
      integrity of the germinal center as it pertains to the abnormal B cell effector
      function and the increased prevalence of B cell lymphoma recently documented in
      the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and related disorders. Because dendritic
      reticulum cells weakly express the Leu-3 (T4) antigen, which is known to be an
      essential component of the receptor for human T-lymphotropic virus type
      III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) retrovirus infection, it is
      possible that retroviral infection of dendritic reticulum cells may play a role
      in the pathogenesis of follicle lysis.

PMID- 3876856
TI  - T cell lineage involvement in lymphoid blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia.
AB  - Cytochemical and immunologic analysis of cells obtained from two patients with
      chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) during blast crisis reveals markers suggestive of
      an immature lymphoid phenotype. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from both
      patients generated spontaneous lymphoblastoid colonies in methylcellulose, a
      phenomenon observed in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias and T cell non
      Hodgkin's lymphomas but not in any other type of leukemia. Colonies derived from
      one patient were composed predominantly of OKT3+ cells (89%), whereas those from
      the second patient displayed 42% OKT3+ and OKT6+ cells. In the second patient's
      colonies, each of five mitoses contained the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) and
      two of five displayed the same additional karyotypic abnormalities as the blast
      crisis cells. Cells obtained from the two patients during remission still gave
      rise to spontaneous T cell colonies (greater than 85% OKT3+) and Ph1 was detected
      in 33% and 60% of the metaphases, respectively. However, when colony growth was
      induced by an interleukin 2-containing conditioned medium, less than 5% of
      mitoses were Ph1-positive. These data suggest that: (1) the T cell lineage might
      be involved in CML; (2) a subset of T cells may remain unaffected by the leukemic
      process, as demonstrated by the virtual absence of Ph1 in induced T cell
      colonies; and (3) the spontaneous colony assay seems to select for the growth of
      malignant T cells.

PMID- 3876857
TI  - Investigation of the role of von Willebrand factor in thrombotic thrombocytopenic
      purpura.
AB  - Von Willebrand factor (vWF) has been implicated to function as a cofactor in
      platelet aggregation induced by thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) plasma.
      To investigate further this role of vWF, we have used rabbit monospecific anti
      FVIII/vWF antibodies and a monoclonal antibody to platelet glycoprotein Ib (GP
      Ib) that blocks the ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation. The monoclonal anti
      platelet GP Ib antibody inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by ristocetin
      in the presence of normal plasma, but not that by any of the five TTP plasma
      samples. The TTP plasma samples from five patients were incubated with the
      monospecific antibodies to FVIII/vWF. In all of the samples, the FVIII/vWF:Ag was
      drastically reduced; however, there was almost no effect on the platelet
      aggregating activity. Therefore, it is concluded that vWF is unlikely to play a
      major role in platelet aggregation induced by majority of TTP plasmas and that
      the site of platelet GP Ib, to which vWF binds in the presence of ristocetin, is
      not involved in TTP plasma-induced aggregation.

PMID- 3876858
TI  - T-cell subsets in multiple myeloma. Impact of cytostatic treatment.
AB  - Blood leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, absolute and relative numbers of T
      lymphocytes and T-cell subsets were studied in 45 patients with multiple myeloma
      and 18 healthy controls. No differences were found between untreated patients and
      controls. In the group of untreated patients similar results were obtained in
      patients with low-intermediate tumour cell mass as in patients with large tumour
      cell mass. In patients with large tumour cell mass studied during cytostatic
      therapy, leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, T-cells, OKT4+ cells and OKT4/OKT8
      ratios were significantly lower than in untreated patients. Patients studied at
      varying intervals (2-28 mo.) after cessation of therapy still exhibited abnormal
      leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, numbers of T-cells, OKT4+ cells and OKT4/OKT8
      ratios.

PMID- 3876859
TI  - Current concepts in portal hypertension.

PMID- 3876860
TI  - Action of agonists and antagonists at muscarinic receptors present on ileum and
      atria in vitro.
AB  - The action of 'selective' agonists and antagonists at muscarinic receptors
      mediating ileal contractions, and the rate and force of atrial contractions has
      been assessed. The effect of nicotinic receptor stimulation, catecholamine
      release and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) action on muscarinic activity has also
      been assessed. The nicotinic actions of carbachol did not affect its agonist
      potency nor the antagonist affinity data obtained when this agonist was used in
      atrial and ileal preparations. Antagonist data indicated that muscarinic
      receptors mediating the rate and force of atrial contractions did not differ.
      Differences in agonist potencies at these two muscarinic receptors were
      attributable to either differences in intrinsic efficacy or susceptibility to the
      action of acetylcholinesterase. The small differences in agonist potency observed
      between atrial and ileal muscarinic receptors were considered not sufficient to
      indicate receptor heterogeneity. The pirenzepine affinity data indicated that all
      three receptors are of the M2 type. Affinity data using secoverine and 4-diphenyl
      acetoxy-N-methyl piperidine methiodide indicated that ileal and atrial muscarinic
      receptors differ. Data obtained using gallamine, pancuronium and stercuronium
      cannot be regarded as indicative of receptor affinity since the antagonism is not
      competitive; it did nonetheless corroborate the conclusion that ileal and atrial
      muscarinic receptors are different.

PMID- 3876862
TI  - Influence of stimulation of the visual system on the activity of vestibular
      nuclear neurons in the frog.
AB  - In the frog (Rana esculenta L.) we have tested the possible existence of visual
      inputs in the vestibular nuclei by recording the activity of second-order
      vestibular neurons receiving primarily horizontal canal inputs, while the visual
      system was stimulated by either light pulses or optokinetic stimulation;
      moreover, combined visuovestibular stimulation (horizontal rotatory stimulation
      in light) was performed and the response compared to the one obtained during
      vestibular stimulation alone (horizontal rotatory stimulation in dark). 42.2% of
      the neurons tested (38/90) responded to light pulse stimulation of the retinae by
      an increase of their discharge frequency of about 150%, while the other neurons
      (57.8%) did not. Optokinetic stimulation was completely ineffective in modulating
      the discharge frequency of all the neurons (98) recorded. Among 30 neurons tested
      during constant-velocity horizontal rotation of the turntable (2.5-10%s) in the
      excitatory direction, 13 units (43.3%) had a discharge rate significantly greater
      than the spontaneous frequency during the constant-velocity phase when the
      rotation was performed in light, while a few seconds after beginning of the
      constant-velocity phase the discharge frequency returned to its resting value
      when the rotation was performed in dark. Moreover, the difference between the
      maximum discharge frequency and the resting discharge frequency (delta F) was
      significantly higher in light than in dark. The behavior of the 17 other neurons
      (56.7%) was similar whether the rotation was performed in light or in dark. When
      tested to sinusoidal rotation (0.05 Hz +/- 40 degrees or 0.1 Hz +/- 30 degrees),
      the characteristics of the responses were different in light and in
      dark.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3876861
TI  - A role for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in the initiation of agonist-induced
      contractions of dog tracheal smooth muscle.
AB  - To elucidate the role of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins-P3) in the initiation
      of agonist-induced contraction of the smooth muscle cells of the dog trachea, we
      investigated the effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on the concentrations of Ins-P3,
      phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI-P2) or phosphatidic acid (PA). The
      effects of Ins-P3 on the Ca2+ stored in the smooth muscle cells were also studied
      in saponin-permeabilized smooth muscle cells. A half maximal or maximal Ca2+
      accumulation into the cells was observed in the dispersed single, smooth muscle
      cells treated by saponin, in free Ca2+ concentrations of 4.6 X 10(-7) or 5 X 10(
      5)M, respectively. The ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation was maximal at 0.63
      nmol/10(5) cells. Effects of Ins-P3 on stored Ca2+ were observed at a free Ca2+
      concentration of 3.7 X 10(-7)M, which induces about half maximal ATP-dependent
      Ca2+-accumulation. Ins-P3 released the Ca2+ accumulated by ATP, in a dose
      dependent manner. About 40% of the total Ca2+ was released following application
      of 3 microM Ins-P3. The release of stored Ca2+ induced by application of Ins-P3
      was followed by its re-uptake into the smooth muscle cells. Thus, the stored Ca2+
      was repeatedly released with repetitive applications of Ins-P3. Application of
      ACh (10(-5)M) to the dog trachea stimulated the production of Ins-P3 in the
      soluble fraction and 10s after this application, the relative amount of Ins-P3
      was 290% of the control value. 6 Concomitantly, ACh (10- 5 M) either reduced or
      increased the contents ofphosphatidyl inositol 4,5-biphosphate (PI-P2) or
      phosphatidic acid (PA) in the lipid fraction ofthe smooth muscle cells to 60% or
      to 350% of the control value, respectively, thereby indicating that ACh
      stimulates the phosphodiesteric hydrolysis of PI-P2. 7 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT;
      10- 5M) also reduced or increased the contents of PI-P2 or PA to 80 or to 200% of
      the control values, respectively. However, neither histamine (10-5M), in the
      presence or absence of cimetidine (10-5M), nor prostaglandin F2 alpha. (PGF2
      alpha. 1O-7 M) showed any effect on the contents of PI-P2 or PA in the lipid
      fraction of the smooth muscle cells. 8 These results indicate that in muscle
      cells of the dog trachea, Ins-P3 may play the role ofintracellular second
      messenger in the initiation of ACh or 5-HT-induced contraction, but not in the
      case of histamine or PGF2 alpha-induced contraction.

PMID- 3876863
TI  - The control of glial populations in brain: changes in astrocyte mitogenic and
      morphogenic factors in response to injury.
AB  - Injury to rat brain induces a 3-10-fold increase in the activity of factors
      capable of stimulating astrocyte DNA synthesis and cell division in vitro.
      Maximum mitogenic activity was reached 10-15 days post-lesion in both the tissue
      surrounding the wound and in the gelfoam filling the wound cavity. Factors
      capable of transforming the astrocyte morphology from polygonal-flat to fibrous
      like (morphogens) could also be observed in brain tissue and showed increased
      activity beginning at 10 days postlesion. On the other hand, morphogenic activity
      was very low or absent in gelfoam extracts until 15 days postlesion. Both
      mitogenic and morphogenic factors were nondiffusible and were partly temperature
      and trypsin sensitive, i.e. they had the properties of protein-like substances,
      but seemed different from both epidermal and fibroblast growth factors. As judged
      by their filtration behavior on Amicon membranes, the molecular weight of
      mitogens and morphogens ranged from lower than 30,000 to greater than 100,000.
      Inhibitors of both mitogenic and morphogenic activities with molecular weight
      lower than 30,000 seemed to be also present in the brain extracts. The factors
      described here can account for the processes of astrocytosis and astrogliosis
      observed in vivo in response to CNS injury.

PMID- 3876864
TI  - Trigeminal antidromic vasodilatation and plasma extravasation in the rat: effects
      of sensory, autonomic and motor denervation.
AB  - The cutaneous vasodilatation and plasma extravasation observed following
      antidromic stimulation of trigeminal sensory branches in the rat are reduced by
      atropine. The atropine-sensitive component does not originate from the seventh
      cranial nerve (facial nerve) or from the mental nerve, because after chronic
      section of these nerves an atropine-sensitive component persists. The cholinergic
      component of the plasma extravasation is abolished by chronic bilateral
      extirpation of the superior cervical ganglia but this is not the case for the
      vasodilatation. Our data suggest that trigeminal sensory fibres are not the only
      fibres involved in these vascular responses seen in the lower lip of the rat
      after electrical stimulation of the mental nerve.

PMID- 3876865
TI  - Intrahypothalamic infusions of a synthetic heroin substitute, N-methyl-4-phenyl
      1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, potentiate mating behaviour in the female rat.
AB  - Acute microinfusions of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)
      bilaterally into the arcuate-ventromedial area of the hypothalamus (ARC-VMH)
      produced a dose-dependent facilitation of lordosis behaviour in oestrogen- and
      oestrogen-progesterone-treated ovariectomized female rats. This facilitation
      could be blocked by pretreatment of the ARC-VMH site with pargyline but not by a
      potent antagonist analogue of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). MPTP was not
      effective in potentiating lordosis when microinfused into other brain sites which
      are intimately involved in the neural circuitry for this oestrogen-dependent
      behavioural response. This action of MPTP in the ARC-VMH may be dependent upon
      the high MPTP receptor densities which are known to occur in the arcuate and
      periventricular hypothalamic nuclei. Chronic infusions of MPTP (once daily for 21
      days) into the ARC-VMH did not result in any significant cell loss and did not
      interfere with the ability of a later acute MPTP infusion to potentiate lordosis
      nor with the ability of oestrogen and progesterone to promote the full display of
      lordosis behaviour. These results provide the first demonstration of neurally
      placed MPTP in the regulation of a specific hormone-dependent neuroendocrine
      response.

PMID- 3876866
TI  - Binding sites for calcitonin gene-related peptide in distinct areas of rat brain.
AB  - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) binding sites were localized in rat brain
      and spinal cord by an in vitro labeling light microscopic technique using
      [125I]rCGRP as radioligand. Specific rCGRP binding with a dissociation constant
      (Kd) of 0.53 nM to membrane preparations from rat brain cortex was characterized.
      The presence and the selective distribution of specific high affinity CGRP
      binding sites in the central nervous system suggest a role for this recently
      predicted peptide as a neurotransmitter.

PMID- 3876867
TI  - Effects of electrical stimulation and reversible lesions of the olivocerebellar
      pathway on Purkinje cell activity in the flocculus of the cat.
AB  - The activity of Purkinje cells (P-cells) in the flocculus of 8 lightly
      anesthetized cats and one alert cat was recorded for periods of up to several
      hours each. The resting simple spike (SS) rate in the anesthetized cats was 37 +/
      21 Hz (mean +/- standard deviation), similar to that observed in the alert cat.
      Complex spikes (CSs) were evoked by an electrode placed in the climbing fiber
      (CF) decussation or inferior olive (IO). For each P-cell, SS activity was
      suppressed completely at or above a cut-off frequency of evoked CSs; median cut
      off rate was 5 Hz (range 1-10 Hz, 15 cells). Reversible lesions of the CF pathway
      were made by microinjection of 1-10 microliter of saturated lidocaine into the IO
      or CF decussation. This abolished spontaneous CS activity and produced two
      reversible effects on SS discharge: (1) an increase in mean SS rate of 98%, from
      23 +/- 13 to 40 +/- 18 Hz (11 cells); and (2) a decrease of 50% in the
      variability of SS firing rate. Similar effects were observed in two P-cells whose
      CF axons were lesioned mechanically. These results show that electrical
      stimulation and reversible lesions in areas previously shown to alter the gain of
      the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) also alter CF input to the flocculus,
      suggesting that the gain changes were caused by changes in CS rate. This study
      confirms and extends the observation that a reciprocal relationship exists
      between CS rate and SS background rate, and therefore further suggests that the
      changes in the gain of the VOR might be due to changes in SS background rate.

PMID- 3876868
TI  - Surgical reperfusion of acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3876869
TI  - Effects of manganese chloride on the outward currents in frog atrial trabeculae.
AB  - The effects of MnCl2 on outward currents in frog atrial muscle were investigated
      under voltage-clamp conditions. MnCl2 (3 mmol/L), which completely abolished the
      slow inward current, produced a decrease in the outward background current (Ib)
      at potentials positive to -50 mV. The delayed outward current (Ix, time
      dependent) was not altered by Mn. "Isochronic activation curves" for Ix and decay
      of current tails at -40 mV remained unaffected after Mn. Effects on Ib probably
      reflect a decrease in IK1 related to the decrease in Ca influx as well as a
      reduction in the Na-Ca exchange current.

PMID- 3876870
TI  - Neonatal hyperthyroidism alters submandibular gland epidermal growth factor
      response to thyroxine in the adult mouse.
AB  - Neonatal hyperthyroidism (NH) in the rat is associated with permanent reductions
      in serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone
      (TSH) concentrations in the adult, changes suggestive of a hypothyroid state. In
      the adult NH rat, the thyrotroph appears to be more sensitive to the feedback
      effects of thyroid hormones. To determine whether thyroid hormone sensitive
      tissues retain their responsiveness to thyroid hormones, the long-term effects of
      NH on mouse submandibular gland (SMG) epidermal growth factor (EGF) content were
      examined. NH was induced in female mice by 20 daily subcultaneous injections of
      0.4 microgram of T4 per gram of body weight. Control female mice received daily
      injections of vehicle alone. At 21 days of age, NH and control mice were
      sacrificed and SMG EGF content was measured by specific radioimmunoassay, SMG EGF
      content and concentration in 21-day-old NH mice exceeded that of control mice by
      2400- and 1500-fold, respectively (P less than 0.001). SMG EGF content and
      concentration in adult (90-day-old) NH mice were slightly, but not significantly,
      lower than those of control mice. Mean SMG weight, however, was significantly
      decreased in adult NH mice (P less than 0.01). Interestingly, SMG content and
      concentration of EGF in adult NH mice were lower than in 21-day-old NH mice.
      After 5 days T4 treatment (16 micrograms/d) of adult mice, SMG weight in NH mice
      increased significantly (P less than 0.01) but was unchanged in control mice. SMG
      EGF content and concentration increased significantly in both adult NH and
      control mice (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3876871
TI  - The significance of adrenaline-induced potentiation of electrogenic sodium
      pumping in bullfrog sympathetic ganglia.
AB  - Two different electrophysiological responses in amphibian sympathetic ganglia
      were studied by means of the sucrose gap technique; the potassium-activated
      hyperpolarization (KH) which serves as an index of electrogenic Na+ pumping, and
      the hyperpolarization induced by adrenaline (AdH). Under appropriate experimental
      conditions, 0.1 microM adrenaline potentiated the KH to 121.5 +/- 7.5% of control
      (n = 7). This potentiation was blocked by both yohimbine (50 nM) and prazosin (1
      microM) but not by propranolol (1 microM). Clonidine (10 nM) potentiated the KH
      to 113.5 +/- 3.4% of control (n = 5), whereas methoxamine (0.1 microM) was
      ineffective. Several lines of evidence argued against the hypothesis that the AdH
      may be generated, in whole or in part, by stimulation of the Na+ pump. For
      example, the AdH was sometimes completely unaffected when the KH was blocked by
      ouabain, and the AdH was eliminated by 2 mM Ba2+ even though this cation enhanced
      membrane hyperpolarization accompanying electrogenic Na+ pumping. These results
      imply that the electrogenic Na+ pump is not involved in the short-term
      electrophysiological effects of catecholamines. Despite this, it is possible that
      the homeostasis of Na+ and K+ in nerve may be regulated by alpha-adrenergic
      mechanisms.

PMID- 3876872
TI  - Akinetic mutism and parkinsonism associated with obstructive hydrocephalus.
AB  - We report the case of a patient with idiopathic aqueductal stenosis and
      hydrocephalus who had several episodes of akinetic mutism, each preceded by shunt
      malfunction, that resolved with shunt revision. She also developed a parkinson's
      syndrome resistant to shunt revision but responsive to antiparkinsonian
      medications. The parkinson's syndrome and the episodes of akinetic mutism may be
      related to a reduction of dopaminergic input to the striatum and to the cingulate
      and frontal cortex brought about or worsened by ventricular dilatation.

PMID- 3876873
TI  - Reduced citrovorum factor rescue for high-dose methotrexate therapy in childhood
      malignancies.
AB  - Clinical toxicities and pharmacokinetics of methotrexate (MTX), associated with
      reduced citrovorum factor (CF) neutralization, were studied on 279 infusions in
      25 children with various malignancies. MTX, at 1000-8400 mg/m2, was infused
      during six to 24 hours with multiple schedules of reduced CF rescue. Plasma MTX
      levels ranged from 7.0 X 10(-5) to 7.0 X 10(-4) M during MTX infusion. The levels
      declined rapidly with a two-phase elimination pattern (t1/2 = 1.2-2.5 hours, t1/2
      = 18-32 hours). The folate level in the plasma ranged from 5 X 10(-7) M to 1.4 X
      10(-6) M when CF was administered every six hours or every three hours,
      respectively. Limited bone marrow suppression was seen in only seven percent of
      infusions, with moderate elevation of GOT and GPT in 20% of infusions, and
      stomatitis in only 2.6% of infusions, despite reduction in the total dose of CF
      from 225 mg to 105 mg and despite delaying CF initiation from nine hours to
      thirty-six hours after the start of MTX infusion.

PMID- 3876874
TI  - Immunomodulatory activity of human leukocyte interferon in cancer patients:
      results obtained during pulse therapy schedule.
AB  - We evaluated and previously reported the efficacy of alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN)
      in 84 cancer patients (19). IFN was administered in a pulse fashion given for 3
      consecutive days every 4 weeks. We also evaluated the immunomodulatory effect of
      IFN which constitutes the basis for the current report. Before, during and after
      courses of IFN treatment, the immune status of the patients was assessed by: (i)
      circulating immune complexes, (ii) change in lymphocyte type including (a)
      natural killer (NK) cells, (b) T-cell subsets (suppressor, helper) and (c) HLA-Dr
      antigen positivity, (iii) myelopoietic differentiation, (iv) macrophage-dependent
      tumor cytotoxicity with measurements of macrophage-derived growth factor (MDGF),
      (v) granulocyte functions, (vi) antibody formation against IFN, and (vii)
      antiproliferative activity of IFN. In addition, LDH, beta-2 microglobulin, and
      CEA as tumor markers were obtained. High serum or plasma IFN levels were
      associated with increased activity of T suppressor cells, increased HLA-Dr
      antigen, and increased NK activity. The increase of these three parameters was
      directly related to tumor response. In vitro inhibition of tumor cells in tissue
      culture by IFN culture was predictive of objective tumor response in those
      patients whose tumor cells were tested. In addition, IFN induced release of MDGF
      by monocytes. It is apparent that in addition to direct antitumor effect, IFN has
      multiple modulatory effects on the immune system in man that may aid in tumor
      control when given in a pulse schedule.

PMID- 3876875
TI  - Immunotoxins containing ricin A or B chains with modified carbohydrate residues
      act synergistically in killing neoplastic B cells in vitro.
AB  - Partially deglycosylated (dg) ricin A and B chains were coupled to rabbit anti
      human Ig (IT-dg-A) and goat anti-rabbit Ig (IT-dg-B), respectively. The
      deglycosylation was accomplished by treating intact ricin (before separation into
      its constituent chains) with a mixture of sodium metaperiodate and sodium
      cyanoborohydride. The two immunotoxins (ITs) acted synergistically in vitro to
      kill Daudi cells, albeit to a four-to-eight-fold lesser degree than ITs prepared
      with native A and B chains.

PMID- 3876876
TI  - Clinical manifestations of intrathoracic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
AB  - Intrathoracic involvement with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) was documented in
      eight patients with mycosis fungoides and two patients with Sezary syndrome. The
      radiographic findings consisted of multiple bilateral parenchymal nodular
      densities (five patients), patchy areas of consolidation (two patients), diffuse
      reticulonodular or interstitial infiltration (two patients), and pleural effusion
      without underlying parenchymal disease (one patient). Dyspnea on exertion and
      nonproductive cough were the most frequent presenting symptoms, and physical
      examination of the lungs was usually normal. In one patient a partial Pancoast's
      syndrome developed from a pulmonary apical mass. Results of blood gas studies and
      pulmonary function tests indicated an alveolar-capillary block in gas diffusion.
      Although the antemortem diagnosis was often suggested on cytopathologic
      preparations or on tissue obtained by transbronchial or percutaneous needle
      aspiration biopsy, a definitive diagnosis of CTCL usually required an open-lung
      biopsy. The response of pulmonary infiltrates to various systemic
      chemotherapeutic agents was variable, and the mean survival after initiation of
      drug therapy was 9.5 months. The findings suggest that combined modality therapy
      should be considered for patients with extracutaneous CTCL.

PMID- 3876877
TI  - Peripheral T-cell lymphoma. A clinical, histologic, and immunologic study of five
      cases.
AB  - The authors describe five white patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Four
      patients were older than 65 years. All cases presented with a short clinical
      course and advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Clinical manifestations
      included asthenia, weight loss, peripheral and abdominal lymphadenopathy. One
      case showed tonsillar involvement and subcutaneous lymph node enlargement;
      hepatomegaly was present in four cases, two of them with splenomegaly. Only one
      case presented peripheral lymphocytosis and antibodies to human T-leukemia virus.
      Although three cases were classified as diffuse mixed lymphomas and two as poorly
      differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas, there were some common characteristics:
      diffuse infiltration by different proportions of small lymphoid cells and large
      immunoblasts, some of them multinucleated and similar to Reed-Sternberg cells;
      accumulation of histiocytes, plasmacytosis, eosinophilia, venular proliferation
      and compartmentalization were also found. Bone marrow infiltration was observed
      in two patients. Results of monoclonal markers showed four cases to be OKT4+ and
      the other OKT8+. The morphologic and immunologic characteristics of these
      patients were typical and similar to those reported from other geographical
      areas.

PMID- 3876878
TI  - Primary central nervous system lymphoma without intracranial mass in a child.
      Diagnosis by documentation of monoclonality.
AB  - Primary central nervous system lymphoma is a rare presentation of lymphoma and is
      usually seen in adults, often in association with immunodeficiency. Evaluation of
      these patients classically shows discrete intracranial lesions, and long-term
      prognosis despite treatment is poor. The case of a child is presented who had no
      identifiable predisposing factors, no radiologic evidence of intracranial mass,
      no evidence of systemic disease, and in whom the diagnosis of primary CNS
      lymphoma was made based on documentation of a monoclonal population of malignant
      B-cells in the cerebrospinal fluid. The patient, in whom irreversible blindness
      developed, was treated with a combination of cranial radiation, and intrathecal
      and systemic chemotherapy, and is currently alive and disease-free 15 months
      after diagnosis.

PMID- 3876879
TI  - Epidermal growth factor stimulates the growth of A431 tumors in athymic mice.
AB  - Growth of the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431 in vitro is stimulated by
      low concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF; 0.1-10 pM) and inhibited by
      high concentrations (0.1-10 nM). This cell also grows as a solid tumor in female
      athymic mice. Sustained high levels of EGF in vivo can be achieved by the
      administration of testosterone to female mice via a cholesterol-based pellet
      inserted subcutaneously. This chronic elevation of EGF levels (serum
      concentration = 90 ng/ml), however, does not affect growth of the tumor. In
      contrast, low levels of the growth factor (0.5 micrograms/g body wt by injection
      5 times/week; serum concentration = 8.25 ng/ml) stimulate growth of the tumor.
      These data suggest that the mechanism(s) involved in the inhibition of A431 cell
      growth by EGF in vitro does not function in vivo and the physiologically
      significant effect of EGF in vivo is growth promotion.

PMID- 3876880
TI  - Carcinogen-induced lesions in the rat pancreas: effects of varying levels of
      essential fatty acid.
AB  - The ingestion of high levels of fats, especially unsaturated fats, has been shown
      to enhance carcinogenesis in a variety of experimental model systems. Recently
      attention has focused upon the unsaturated linoleic fatty acid (18:2 omega 6) as
      a key component for this postinitiation enhancement. We have investigated the
      dose-effect relationship of this essential fatty acid (EFA), in a well
      characterized experimental model of pancreatic cancer. Male Lewis rats were given
      injections i.p. of azaserine (30 mg/ kg) at 14 days of age. The pups were weaned
      to test diets that contained 20% total dietary fat with EFA compositions varying
      from 0.5 to 11.5% of the diet. After 4 months of feeding these 20% fat diets, the
      pancreases were evaluated in situ for grossly visible tumors and microscopically
      for the number and size of the azaserine-induced, putative preneoplastic lesions
      (foci). Grossly visible tumors increased significantly in number as the EFA
      content of the diet increased. Two populations of microscopic foci were observed
      in these azaserine-initiated rats; namely, acidophilic foci and basophilic foci.
      Quantitative stereological analyses of these foci revealed that the acidophilic
      population of foci increased in both number and size as the EFA content of the
      diet increased. This increase was particularly apparent from 4.4 to 8.5% dietary
      EFA content. The basophilic population showed no similar response to increasing
      dietary EFA. These results indicate that the minimum dietary EFA required for
      enhancement of azaserine-induced, pancreatic carcinogenesis by a high fat diet
      lies in the range of 4 to 8%.

PMID- 3876881
TI  - Kinetics of protein synthesis inactivation in human T-lymphocytes by selective
      monoclonal antibody-ricin conjugates.
AB  - Immunotoxins synthesized with the pan-T-cell monoclonal antibody T101 and ricin,
      acetylricin, or ricin A-chain have been compared. Native ricin was acetylated
      with N-acetylimidazole to block the galactose-binding site of the toxin B
      (binding)-chain. In the presence of lactose, both whole-ricin-containing
      immunotoxins were selectively cytotoxic but the ricin A-chain conjugate was less
      effective in blocking cellular protein synthesis. Immunotoxin-treated cells
      cultured in fresh growth medium exhibited no growth, declining viabilities, and
      no protein synthesis activity. Lymphocytes treated with T101:ricin or ricin did
      not form clusters or colonies when plated in 0.3% Bacto-agar. Ammonium chloride
      markedly enhanced the efficacy of T101:ricin and T101:ricin A-chain. Our results
      suggest that: (a) all immunotoxins were selectively cytotoxic; (b) in the
      presence of ammonium chloride the effectiveness of the T101:ricin A-chain
      conjugate approached that of T101:ricin; and (c) the toxin B-chain may facilitate
      conjugate internalization and/or processing.

PMID- 3876882
TI  - Effect of low level direct current on in vivo tumor growth in hamsters.
AB  - A preliminary study has been carried out on the effect of low level direct
      current on tumor growth using an experimental tumor model developed from an
      amelanotic melanoma (T1-4) in the hamster. An inoculum of 2 X 10(6) viable cells
      was injected s.c. on day 0; on day 7 the tumor-bearing animals were randomly
      divided into treatment and control groups. On days 7 through 11 inclusive, the
      treatment group was subjected to electrical current (direct current) at levels
      from 0.1 to 2.4 mA, for 1 h/day under general anesthesia. Control groups were
      subjected to the same procedures, with the exception that the electrodes were not
      connected to the current source. On day 14, the animals were killed and
      autopsied; their tumors were removed, weighed, and sectioned. Treated tumors
      decreased in mass (as a percentage of controls) from 89% at 0.1 mA to 2% at 2.4
      mA. Increased necrosis of the treated tumors was noted macroscopically and
      microscopically. On histological examination, it was observed that a thin rim of
      viable cells remained around the periphery after treatment even at the highest
      current levels. Similar results were obtained with both stainless steel and
      platinum-30% iridium electrodes. In separate experiments where the animals were
      allowed to survive after a treatment period (1 h/day for 5 days at 2.4 mA), the
      viable cells at the periphery developed into tumors whose mass at 28 days
      posttreatment averaged only 52% of that of the control tumors. The mechanism of
      growth reduction is unknown but hyperthermia was shown not to be a factor.

PMID- 3876883
TI  - Effects of verapamil and bepridil on occlusion and reperfusion arrhythmias in the
      canine heart.
AB  - The effects of verapamil and bepridil on occlusion and reperfusion ventricular
      arrhythmias including ventricular fibrillation (VF) were studied in a canine
      model. The control group consisted of 27 dogs. 30 dogs received intravenous
      verapamil (0.2 mg/kg/3 min followed by a continuous infusion of 0.01 mg/kg/min
      for 15 min). 18 dogs received bepridil (0.5 mg/kg/min for 10 min). The left
      anterior descending coronary artery was occluded in one step 8 min after the
      commencement of verapamil administration and 5 min after the termination of
      bepridil infusion. The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias during the occlusion
      period was 14 (VF, 5/14), 13 (VF, 0/13) and 14 (VF, 9/14) in the control,
      verapamil and bepridil groups, respectively. The frequencies of reperfusion VF
      were 8/24 (33%), 4/30 (13.3%) and 0/13 (0%), respectively. It was concluded that
      (a) verapamil effectively prevents occlusion but not reperfusion VF and (b)
      bepridil has an arrhythmogenic effect in the ischemic canine heart but reduces
      the incidence of reperfusion VF.

PMID- 3876884
TI  - Cushing's syndrome: current status.
AB  - The evolution of ideas concerning the aetiology of Cushing's syndrome over the
      past 70 years is reviewed briefly. It is now agreed that about 70% of patients
      have a pituitary adenoma, not necessarily basophil, the removal of which results
      in remission but follow-up is currently too short for assessment of ultimate
      cure. Whether or not the pituitary lesion is primary or secondary to events in
      the cerebrum or brainstem is discussed, but a definite answer cannot be given at
      present.

PMID- 3876885
TI  - Rehabilitation of the coronary bypass patient.

PMID- 3876886
TI  - Electroacupuncture and antidepressant treatment of alcoholism in a private
      practice.
AB  - In a private clinical practice, 50 alcoholics were treated with a combination of
      ear electroacupuncture and small doses (50 mg/day) of the antidepressant
      maprotiline hydrochloride. The program provided for ten 20-minute acupuncture
      sessions during the first month and monthly booster sessions for at least 12
      months. Sixteen patients occasionally took at least 100 mg/day of maprotiline,
      and 11 patients received alprazolam (usually 1 mg/day) for a few days. Treatment
      outcome was analyzed in 45 patients after one week and in 39 patients after two
      to three months and at six months. Sixty-seven percent of the patients evaluated
      stopped drinking within one week of treatment, 49% were abstinent for at least
      two or three months, and 38% either remained abstinent through-out the six-month
      period or became abstinent after an interim period of light or moderate drinking.
      Overall, 79% were improved for at least two or three months and 64% for at least
      six months. None of the patients exhibited or reported acute withdrawal symptoms.
      The results seem to warrant controlled study of an acupuncture-antidepressant
      regimen for the treatment of alcoholism.

PMID- 3876887
TI  - The activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefotetan compared to other beta
      lactam antibiotics.
AB  - The in vitro activity of cefotetan was assessed against beta-lactamase producing
      clinical isolates. The majority of Enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by less than
      or equal to 8 micrograms/ml with 50% of isolates inhibited by less than or equal
      to 1 microgram/ml. Cefotetan inhibited organisms resistant to cefazolin,
      cefonicid and cefoperazone, but not isolates of Enterobacter, Citrobacter or
      Serratia resistant to ceftizoxime. Cefotetan inhibited beta-lactamase producing
      Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae at less than or equal to 1
      microgram/ml, but it did not inhibit Acinetobacter or Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
      Cefotetan was as active as cefoxitin against anaerobic species such as
      Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium. Cefotetan was not hydrolyzed by Richmond
      Sykes plasmid beta-lactamases of type III such as TEM and SHV, nor by the OXA or
      PSE beta-lactamases. It also was not hydrolyzed by cephalosporinases of Richmond
      Sykes type Ia or Id. Cefotetan inhibited beta-lactamases of the type Ia and Id,
      but it also induced these beta-lactamases in P. aeruginosa, E. cloacae and C.
      freundii.

PMID- 3876888
TI  - Immunopotentiation in infectious disease, I. Effect of bestatin on the immune
      response.
AB  - Few immunomodulators are available for the control of infectious disease. One
      reason has been the lack of a suitable protocol for evaluating such agents. We
      have presented a series of assays of immune function that will allow a
      standardized approach to this problem. The value of this protocol has been
      established using long-term low dose, and short-term high dose, administration of
      bestatin, a small molecular weight microbial product. The experiments were done
      using both normal and immunocompromised animals. Bestatin had no effect on
      circulating leukocytes or the reticuloendothelial system. Leukocyte mobilization
      and T cell responsiveness in immunocompromised animals were enhanced following
      bestatin treatment. The antibody response to SRBC doubled in normal animals while
      the same treatment schedule resulted in a marked reduction in the response to
      Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. These results have established the value of
      the protocol and identified some new immunomodulating properties of bestatin
      which may be useful in the control of infectious disease.

PMID- 3876889
TI  - Lack of enhanced cytotoxicity of cultured L1210 cells using folinic acid in
      combination with sequential methotrexate and fluorouracil.
AB  - Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that treatment of
      cultured cells with sequential methotrexate (MTX) and fluorouracil (FUra) leads
      to synergistic cell killing in several murine and human neoplasms in vitro. In
      this study leucovorin (folinic acid, LCV) was added to the MTX/FUra combination
      with the intention of generating elevated levels of methylenetetrahydrofolate to
      promote the formation of a stable fluorodeoxyuridylate-thymidylate synthetase
      ternary complex, thereby augmenting the cytotoxicity of the MTX-FUra sequence.
      The addition of 10 or 100 microM LCV concurrently with or after 10 microM FUra
      following MTX (1 microM) pretreatment did not augment the inhibition of L1210
      cell growth or the clonigenicity compared with MTX prior to FUra without LCV. The
      effects of LCV scheduling on the sequential MTX and FUra-induced inhibition of
      thymidylate synthesis were measured by examining the rate of [6-3H] dUrd
      incorporation into the acid-precipitable cell fraction and by direct quantitation
      of the thymidylate synthetase ternary complex. Combination of 100 microM LCV with
      10 microM FUra after 1 microM MTX resulted in significantly more ternary complex
      formation than did 1 microM MTX before 10 microM FUra alone. The inhibitory
      effects of FUra on thymidylate synthetase in the presence of MTX, however, could
      not be augmented by LCV as determined by [6-3H] incorporation into acid
      precipitable material, nor did the addition of LCV result in increased
      cytotoxicity. Factors other than the inhibition of DNA synthesis may be critical
      to the cytotoxicity of sequential MTX and FUra in L1210 cells.

PMID- 3876890
TI  - Requirements for animal preparations for metabolic imaging.

PMID- 3876891
TI  - Cardiovascular metabolic imaging: physiologic and biochemical dynamics in vivo.

PMID- 3876892
TI  - Current and future directions for clinical investigation of the heart with
      positron-emission tomography.

PMID- 3876893
TI  - Heterogeneity within observed regions: physiologic basis and effects on
      estimation of rates of biodynamic processes.

PMID- 3876894
TI  - Ten precepts for quantitative data acquisition and analysis.

PMID- 3876895
TI  - Effects of blood flow on the positron-emission tomographic determination of
      substrate transport rates.

PMID- 3876896
TI  - Error in parameter estimates with variations in flow: measurement of oxygen
      utilization with positron-emission tomography.

PMID- 3876898
TI  - Improved chromatographic determination of 25-hydroxyvitamins D2 and D3.

PMID- 3876897
TI  - Determination of alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotypes and M subtypes by isoelectric
      focusing in immobilized pH gradients.
AB  - A procedure to determine alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotypes (Pi types), including the
      six common PiM subtypes, is described. Phenotypes of the inhibitor, including the
      deficiency phenotype PiZ and the PiM subtypes, can be identified by isoelectric
      focusing in an immobilized pH gradient with a pH range of 4.2 to 5.0 or 4.0 to
      5.0. This method gives clear separation of M, S, V, P and Z allele products. Up
      to 24 samples can be analyzed in a single overnight run using commercially
      available equipment and reagents.

PMID- 3876899
TI  - A radiochemical microassay of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase in lymphoid cells.

PMID- 3876900
TI  - Induction of DNA-antibodies by d-penicillamine.
AB  - As no critical evaluation of native-DNA antibodies due to d-penicillamine (dP)
      has been made, we have examined this using highly purified DNA fractions obtained
      by benzoylated-naphthoylated-DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The nDNA, dsDNA, and
      ds/ss DNA binding was determined in 10 normals, 24 rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
      patients never on dP, 17 RA patients on dP and in serial sera from 15 of the
      latter before, during, and after cessation of dP. The results indicate that dP
      does induce both dsDNA and ssDNA antibodies which persist for many months after
      its cessation.

PMID- 3876901
TI  - Subclinical manifestations of autoimmune rheumatic diseases in primary Raynaud's
      phenomenon.
AB  - Twenty-nine patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon underwent functional
      (pulmonary functional studies and oesophageal manometry), histologic (minor
      salivary gland biopsy) and serologic (autoantibodies) evaluation for subclinical
      manifestations of autoimmune rheumatic disease (ARD). Seven (24%) has strong
      evidence and eight (27%) possible evidence of ARD. All patients with strong
      evidence of ARD had Raynaud's phenomenon with a duration of less than five years.
      This study suggests that such manifestations are frequent in patients wih primary
      Raynaud's phenomenon and can be detected with non-aggressive methods which should
      be used early in the course of their disease.

PMID- 3876902
TI  - T lymphocyte subsets of the infiltrating cells in the salivary gland and kidney
      of a patient with Sjogren's syndrome associated with interstitial nephritis.
AB  - Lymphocyte subsets in the salivary gland and kidney were examined in a 38 years
      old female patient with Sjogren's syndrome associated with interstitial nephritis
      by PAP immunoperoxidase method using monoclonal antibodies. Predominant cells of
      the infiltrating cells in both tissues were T lymphocytes and most of them were
      Ia+, OKT4+ cells (activated helper/inducer T lymphocytes). A small number of T
      lymphocytes were OKT8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes). Moreover, we found
      the OKT8+ cells invading the salivary duct epithelial cells. There was no
      difference in the proportion of lymphocyte subsets of the infiltrating cells
      between the salivary gland and kidney. A similar pathologic mechanism of tissue
      damage, therefore, was suggested in both tissues.

PMID- 3876903
TI  - Anti-SSA and anti-SSB autoantibodies in Sjogren's syndrome and lupus erythematous
      in Mexican Mestizos.

PMID- 3876904
TI  - [Spontaneous hematomyelia due to von Willebrand's disease].

PMID- 3876905
TI  - Acute leukemia presenting as arthritis in children.
AB  - The clinical and laboratory features of six children with arthritis as the
      presenting manifestation of acute leukemia are reviewed. Asymmetric arthritis
      involving the large joints of the extremities was the dominant clinical feature
      in all patients. Despite the presence of antinuclear antibody in three patients,
      other laboratory features, particularly hematologic abnormalities, served as
      clues to the diagnosis of leukemic arthropathy in most patients.

PMID- 3876906
TI  - Galactosemia and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.

PMID- 3876907
TI  - Fecal blood loss during isoxicam and piroxicam administration for 28 days.
AB  - After an 11-day baseline period, groups of eight healthy men received isoxicam,
      200 mg once a day, or piroxicam, 20 mg once a day, for 28 days. Fecal blood loss
      (FBL) was quantitated by the 51Cr-labeled erythrocyte method. FBLs for both
      isoxicam and piroxicam were only slightly higher than baseline for the first 3
      drug dosing days, confirming the results of a previously published 4-day study of
      piroxicam, but FBL subsequently steadily increased, with maxima occurring for
      most subjects receiving isoxicam in 2 or 3 weeks and for most subjects receiving
      piroxicam in 3 or 4 weeks. This implies that dosing for 7 days or less, as is
      frequent in FBL studies of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, may be
      insufficient to detect the peak drug-induced FBL. In week 4, FBL for both drugs
      was elevated approximately 0.6 ml/day over baseline. FBLs in week 4 were
      comparable to those reported for naproxen and less than those reported for
      indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid. Statistical analyses of weekly plasma drug
      minimum concentrations suggest steady state was reached at week 2 for isoxicam
      and week 3 for piroxicam. There were large between-subject variations in steady
      state plasma drug concentrations for both drugs. One subject in each drug group
      indulged in excessive alcohol consumption during the medication period, with a
      concomitant significant increase in FBL, which suggests exacerbation of the drug
      effect.

PMID- 3876908
TI  - Immunotopography of splenic lymphoma of small cleaved B-cell type.
AB  - Using a battery of monoclonal antibodies on snap-frozen sections, we delineated
      the immunoarchitecture of two splenic small cleaved cell lymphomas (SCL). Both
      cases had light- and heavy-chain restricted immunoglobulin (lg) expression
      signifying replacement of splenic white pulp by a single B-cell clone. Both the
      monotypia and aberrant topography of lg expression in SCL contrasted with the
      usual polyclonal, zonal lg expression in reactive splenic B-cell zones. Pan B
      antigens (B1, B4, and L14) were constant in expression as expected for B-cell
      neoplasms, while B-cell maturation antigens (B2, IgD, and CALLA) were variably
      expressed, suggesting that different SCL may derive from separate phases of B
      cell ontogeny. Close association of SCL with dendritic reticulum cells suggests
      SCL may derive from splenic secondary follicles or home to these sites. The
      variable T-cell component detected by a T-cell panel (Leu 1-9) indicates the
      substantial range of T-cell reactivity in splenic SCL. We emphasize the
      immunologic aberrancy of splenic SCL when compared to normal splenic B-cell
      immunotopography. Further, we illustrate the utility of serial tissue section
      immunochemistry in revealing complex neoplastic cell phenotypes and in revealing
      the relationships of reactive cells to neoplastic cells.

PMID- 3876910
TI  - Measurement of pulmonary extravascular water during noncardiogenic pulmonary
      edema after coronary artery bypass grafting.

PMID- 3876909
TI  - [Evaluation of the activity of aminaftone as coadjuvant treatment in various
      traumatic injuries].

PMID- 3876911
TI  - Bullous erythema multiforme associated with Hemophilus influenzae pneumonia.
AB  - A 68-year-old woman with Hemophilus influenzae pneumonia experienced a bullous
      dermatosis. Further evaluation revealed bullous erythema multiforme of the minor
      type which resolved concurrently with treatment of the pneumonia. Clinicians
      should be aware that H. influenzae may be one of the bacterial agents known to
      cause erythema multiforme.

PMID- 3876912
TI  - Chlamydial antibodies in Danish children.
AB  - Chlamydial antibodies in titers of greater than or equal to 1:16 were found in 24
      percent of 803 randomly selected healthy Danish school children. A higher
      prevalence of antibodies was found among the girls in all the age groups. The
      prevalence of antibodies increased significantly with increasing age up to
      puberty. The findings indicate a wide distribution of infections with Chlamydia
      trachomatis in childhood. The possible clinical expression of these infections is
      generally unknown.

PMID- 3876913
TI  - Omental transposition for closure of median sternotomy following severe
      mediastinal and vascular infection.
AB  - Three patients suffering from severe sternal wound infection, underlying
      mediastinitis, and aortic sepsis were successfully treated by radical debridement
      of the infected tissues and mediastinal transposition of the greater omentum.
      Sternomediastinal antibiotic irrigation is an accepted treatment for
      postoperative sternomediastinitis, but appears insufficient when infection
      involves underlying vascular or cardiac structures. In such circumstances,
      extensive sternal debridement is mandatory and healthy tissue transposition, such
      as omentum, is a valuable alternative.

PMID- 3876914
TI  - Bronchoalveolar T-cell subsets in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3876915
TI  - Inhibition of cell proliferation by a synthetic C-nucleoside (EIT).
AB  - The effect of a C-nucleoside [4-(beta-D-erythrofuranosyl)-imidazoline-2-thione]
      on cell proliferation was studied. Two types of cell proliferation were used:
      Ehrlich ascites tumor cells obtained from NMRI mice, and the proliferative
      response of T lymphocytes from human peripheral blood to a mitogen
      (phytohemagglutinin). The uptake of 3H-thymidine was used as an index of cellular
      growth. The results indicate that this C-nucleoside had an inhibitory effect on
      both types of cell proliferation studied. Its possible application in tumor
      therapy and as an immunosuppressor in transplants is discussed.

PMID- 3876916
TI  - [38 cases of sclerotherapy of esophageal varices].

PMID- 3876917
TI  - [Measurement and comparison of DNA repair in normal WBC, T and B lymphocytes in
      peripheral blood and leukemic cells].

PMID- 3876918
TI  - [Cimetidine in the treatment of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage after
      urological operations: report of 10 cases].

PMID- 3876919
TI  - [Endoscopic sclerotherapy in the treatment of esophageal varices: animal
      experiments and clinical application].

PMID- 3876920
TI  - Colonoscopy. First experience in Nigeria.
AB  - Colonoscopy is the only major advancement in the diagnosis of colonic diseases
      since the first barium-enema examination was performed in 1905. The indications
      are many and contraindications few. If colonoscopy is performed with care, it is
      safe and the results are rewarding. Patient comfort, integrity, and dignity are
      essential for the success of the procedure. Five hundred sixty-two colonoscopies
      were performed during a four-year period in Ife, Nigeria (1978 to 1982). The
      indications for colonoscopy are discussed and the results presented.

PMID- 3876921
TI  - Electrogalvanic stimulation in the treatment of levator syndrome.
AB  - The records of 102 patients with levator syndrome were reviewed. All had failed
      trials of conservative management prior to treatments with electrogalvanic
      stimulation. The symptoms of 12 patients were subsequently found not to be due to
      levator syndrome. Of 90 patients with correct diagnoses, 77 percent were relieved
      or improved after courses of electrogalvanic stimulation, a valuable adjunct to
      the management of this frustrating condition.

PMID- 3876922
TI  - Progressive autoimmune beta cell insufficiency: occurrence in the absence of high
      risk HLA alleles DR3, DR4.
AB  - In a prospective screening program for type I diabetes mellitus, we identified a
      unique family in which several members (mother and three siblings) expressed an
      unusual set of HLA-DR alleles (DR2+, DR3/4-) and were in different phases of
      immunologically mediated islet beta cell dysfunction. Immunologic and/or clinical
      manifestations of type I diabetes were absent in all siblings not sharing both
      HLA haplotypes in common with the proband. This article illustrates: the clinical
      utility of prospective family screening for predictive markers, such as islet
      cell antibodies, progressive autoimmune beta cell destruction can occur in the
      absence of the "high-risk" alleles HLA-DR3 and DR4, and HLA identity with the
      proband, rather than specific HLA alleles, i.e., presence of DR3, DR4 and absence
      of DR2, is an essential factor.

PMID- 3876923
TI  - [Peritoneovenous shunt in ascites therapy. Complications and their treatment].
AB  - Complications occurred in 29 of 37 patients after ascites retransfusion (n = 16)
      or introduction of a peritoneovenous shunt (n = 21). Blood clotting disturbances,
      that could either be successfully treated with drugs or which led to interruption
      of the reinfusion, appeared in 38%. Estimation of plasminogen proved to be of
      reliable prognostic value thus enabling prophylactic measures to be taken. Post
      operatively 14 patients had transient fever not requiring specific treatment.
      Local fibrinolysis or shunt revision was successful in three patients with shunt
      thromboses. According to our experience most complications can be avoided by
      prophylactic and therapeutic measures.

PMID- 3876925
TI  - Cutaneous signs of systemic disease.
AB  - In this article we have discussed briefly some of the important diseases in which
      a thorough skin examination is of help in evaluation and diagnosis of patients in
      an emergency department. Changes in the skin, for instance, may be the first clue
      of an internal malignancy. Disorders associated with gastrointestinal bleeding,
      endocrine abnormalities, and/or epilepsy can have prominent cutaneous
      manifestations. Thus, an awareness of the unusual findings is of value to the
      emergency medicine physician.

PMID- 3876924
TI  - [Synovitis in familial Mediterranean fever].
AB  - Arthroscopy done on a 24-year-old turkish male with familial Mediterranean fever
      (FMF) and arthritis of the knee joint provided morphological data during the
      acute stage of FMF-arthritis. Main finding is a heavy granulocytic infiltration
      of the subsynovial stratum, similar to that seen in non-specific purulent
      inflammation, accompanied by marked ectasis and hyperaemia of the synovial
      vessels. In the microbiologically sterile synovial fluid cell counts and lactate
      values are found as in bacterial arthritis. The typical history and the
      characteristic course of the disease are indicators for the diagnosis.
      Serological, immunological and radiological findings are non-specific. The
      efficacy of prophylactic colchicine in symptomatic therapy could be verified but
      it is essential that the drug is taken regularly and that the patient is
      instructed accordingly. Investigation of other members of the family showed a
      high frequency of intermarriages and the presence of this autosomal-recessive
      inherited disease in three generations.

PMID- 3876926
TI  - Angiodysplasia in the colon and rectum. Endoscopic morphology, localisation and
      frequency.
AB  - In a prospective study, the occurrence of angiodysplasia was investigated by
      total colonoscopy in 1938 patients. Angiodysplasia was found in 59 patients, i.e.
      3%. 12 out of 59 patients were admitted for acute or chronic peranal hemorrhage
      or anemia. 47 out of 59 patients were asymptomatic. The site of the lesions was
      as follows: cecum 37%, ascending colon 17%, transverse colon 7%, descending colon
      7%, sigmoid colon 18% and rectum 14%. Histological confirmation was obtained in
      15 out of 37 biopsies. The endoscopic appearance was variable, most of the
      vascular dilatations being smaller than 5 mm (n = 47), with a homogeneous (n =
      35) or inhomogeneous (n = 24) structure and a regular (n = 34) or irregular (n =
      25) border. The lesions were single (n = 34) as well as multiple (n = 25), they
      were usually flat (n = 54), seldom slightly prominent (n = 5). Concomitant
      pathological findings in the bowel were diagnosed in 33 out of 59 patients:
      diverticula in 32%, adenomas in 24% and carcinomas in 8.5%. Right hemicolectomy
      for bleeding angiodysplasia is indicated only if endoscopic therapy has failed
      and other colorectal sources of bleeding, and especially angiodysplasia in the
      left colon and rectum have been excluded by endoscopy or angiography.

PMID- 3876927
TI  - Measurement of pancreatic and salivary alpha-amylase in serum: comparison of
      methods with five different substrates.
AB  - Pancreatic and salivary alpha-amylase in human serum have been determined with
      the inhibitor method with 5 different substrates. An end concentration of 60
      inhibitor units per liter reagent is sufficient for inhibition of the salivary
      alpha-amylase. The recovery of known amounts of pancreatic and salivary alpha
      amylase was excellent. A mean +/- SD of 53.1 +/- 3.8% of pancreatic alpha-amylase
      as percentage of total alpha-amylase in serum has been observed for the 5
      different substrates used. Moreover, it seems that standards obtained from crude
      saliva or duodenal fluid can be used as well as pure enzymes obtained from a
      commercial supplier.

PMID- 3876928
TI  - Total intravenous anaesthesia in the horse with propofol.
AB  - The use of propofol, solubilised in a non-ionic emulsifying agent, for the
      induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in experimental ponies was assessed.
      Pilot studies revealed that premedication with xylazine (0.5 mg/kg bodyweight
      [bwt]) intravenously (iv) followed by propofol (2.0 mg/kg bwt) iv provided a
      satisfactory smooth induction. Two infusion rates (0.15 mg/kg bwt/min and 0.2
      mg/kg bwt/min) were compared for maintenance of anaesthesia. An infusion rate of
      0.2 mg/kg/min produced adequate anaesthesia in these ponies. Cardiovascular
      changes included a decrease in arterial pressure and cardiac output during
      maintenance. Respiratory depression was manifested by a decrease in rate and an
      increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension. Recovery after 1 h anaesthesia was
      rapid and smooth. In conclusion, induction and maintenance of anaesthesia with
      propofol in premedicated ponies proved a satisfactory technique.

PMID- 3876929
TI  - Bloom syndrome B-lymphoblastoid cells are hypersensitive towards carcinogen and
      tumor promoter-induced chromosomal alterations and growth in agar.
AB  - The effects of the carcinogens (4NQO, 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide; MNNG, N-methyl-N'
      nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine; AFLG1, aflatoxin G1; AFLB1, aflatoxin B1; BNU,
      butylnitrosourea; MNU, methylnitrosourea) and the tumor promoter (TPA, 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) on sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), chromosome
      aberrations and colony formation (CF) were examined in three types of Bloom
      syndrome (BS) B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCLs); type I with normal SCE and
      normal karyotype; type II with high SCE and normal karyotypes; type III with high
      SCE and abnormal karyotypes. BS type I cells had the same SCE and CF response as
      normal cells to these carcinogens and TPA. In BS type II and III cells treated
      with carcinogens the SCE frequency increased to 140/cell from a baseline of
      70/cell versus an increase of only 10/cell in normal cells. Colony formation
      occurred at the concentrations that caused the highest SCE. TPA caused a
      significant SCE increase and highly enhanced CF with dose dependency only in type
      III cells, suggesting that type III cells may be already in a pre-malignant
      state; type II cells appear to be one step behind those of type III in the
      process of becoming malignant. BS type II and III cells may be usable to
      establish a sensitive system to detect SCE-inducing agents.

PMID- 3876930
TI  - Structure of the chromosomal gene for granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating
      factor: comparison of the mouse and human genes.
AB  - A cDNA clone that expresses granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM
      CSF) activity in COS-7 cells has been isolated from a pcD library prepared from
      mRNA derived from concanavalin A-activated mouse helper T cell clones. Based on
      homology with the mouse GM-CSF cDNA sequence, the mouse GM-CSF gene was isolated.
      The human GM-CSF gene was also isolated based on homology with the human GM-CSF
      cDNA sequence. The nucleotide sequences determined for the genes and their
      flanking regions revealed that both the mouse and human GM-CSF genes are composed
      of three introns and four exons. The organization of the mouse and human GM-CSF
      genes are highly homologous and strong sequence homology between the two genes is
      found both in the coding and non-coding regions. A 'TATA'-like sequence was found
      20-25 bp upstream from the transcription initiation site. In the 5'-flanking
      region, there is a highly homologous region extending 330 bp upstream of the
      putative TATA box. This sequence may play a role in regulation of expression of
      the GM-CSF gene. These structures are compared with those of different lymphokine
      genes and their regulatory regions.

PMID- 3876932
TI  - Distribution of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus in Ethiopia.

PMID- 3876931
TI  - The structure and expression of the murine gene encoding granulocyte-macrophage
      colony stimulating factor: evidence for utilisation of alternative promoters.
AB  - Two overlapping genomic clones containing the murine granulocyte-macrophage
      colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene have been isolated. On the basis of
      transfection experiments, we have established that a 9-kb BamHI fragment from one
      of these recombinants encodes biologically active GM-CSF. As deduced from
      nucleotide sequence analysis, the GM-CSF gene comprises four exons encompassing
      2.5 kb of genomic DNA. Primer extension analysis of GM-CSF mRNA identifies a
      transcriptional initiation site 35 bp upstream of a single translational
      initiation codon in-frame with the GM-CSF coding sequences and 28 bp downstream
      of a TATA promoter consensus sequence. Pre-GM-CSF molecules encoded by mRNAs
      originating from this promoter would include a hydrophobic leader sequence
      typical for a secreted protein. Intriguingly, sequences present at the 5' end of
      a GM-CSF cDNA clone previously isolated in our laboratory are not contained
      within either of the genomic clones and must therefore be transcribed from a
      promoter located at least 10 kb 5' of the main body of the gene. mRNAs
      transcribed from this alternative upstream promoter possess an additional
      initiating codon and potentially encode a pre-GM-CSF polypeptide with an atypical
      NH2-terminal leader peptide. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the GM-CSF
      gene with that of other haemopoietic growth factor genes has revealed a common
      decanucleotide (5'-GPuGPuTTPyCAPy-3') within their respective 5'-flanking regions
      which may be involved in their co-ordinate regulation.

PMID- 3876933
TI  - The prevalence of intestinal parasites among farming cooperatives, Gondar region,
      north-western Ethiopia.

PMID- 3876934
TI  - Induction of a 26-kDa-protein mRNA in human cells treated with an interleukin-1
      related, leukocyte-derived factor.
AB  - A human-leukocyte-derived antiviral protein (22-kDa factor), known to be an
      inducer of interferon-beta (IFN-beta) in fibroblastoid cells, and to be closely
      related to interleukin-1 (IL-1), was shown to likewise act as inducer of the mRNA
      of a 26-kDa secreted protein. This protein was first described as the gene
      product of an mRNA that is co-induced with the mRNA of IFN-beta by superinduction
      of fibroblasts (treatment with dsRNA and cycloheximide). Subsequently it was
      shown to be induced by treatment with cycloheximide only. The 22-kDa factor
      induced high levels of the 26-kDa-protein mRNA and low levels of IFN-beta mRNA.
      Addition of cycloheximide to the 22-kDa factor resulted in further significant
      increases in mRNA levels for both the 26-kDa-protein and IFN-beta. These
      observations add to the evidence already available that transcription of the
      genes for IFN-beta and the 26-kDa-protein are differently regulated. The
      observation that a factor that belongs to the IL-1 family induces the 26-kDa
      protein suggest that the latter plays a role as an intermediary or effector
      molecule in inflammatory or immunoregulatory processes.

PMID- 3876935
TI  - Absorbed fractions for dose calculations of neuroreceptor PET studies.
AB  - A simple Monte Carlo program was constructed for the purpose of calculating
      absorbed fractions of relevance to neurologic positron-emission-tomography
      studies. The caudate, putamen, and cerebellum regions of the brain were
      mathematically modeled to serve as source regions for the absorbed-fraction
      calculations for positron-annihilation photons. The target organs were the
      caudate, putamen, cerebellum, brain, spine portion in the head, skull, and head.
      Absorbed fractions were also calculated for a uniform ring source which encircled
      the head phantom.

PMID- 3876936
TI  - In vivo determination of the kinetic parameters of glucose transport in the human
      brain using 11C-methyl-D-glucose (CMG) and dynamic positron emission tomography
      (dPET).
AB  - A method was developed to measure simultaneously the rate constants for glucose
      influx and glucose efflux, and the Michaelis-Menten constant (KM) and maximal
      velocity (Vmax) for glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in any
      selected brain area. Moreover, on the basis of a mathematical model, the local
      perfusion rate (LPR) and local unidirectional glucose transport rate (LUGTR) are
      calculated in terms of parameters of the time-activity curves registered over
      different brain regions; 11C-methyl-D-glucose (CMG) is used as an indicator. The
      transaxial distribution of activity in the organism is registered using dynamic
      positron-emission tomography (dPET). The method was used in 4 normal subjects and
      50 patients with ischemic brain disease. In normals, the rate constant for CMG
      efflux was found to be 0.25 +/- 0.04 min-1 in the cortex and 0.12 +/- 0.02 min-1
      in white matter. In the cortex, the KM was found to be 6.42 mumol/g and the Vmax
      was 2.46 mumol/g per minute. The LUGTR ranged from 0.43 to 0.6 mumol/g per minute
      in the cortex, and from 0.09 to 0.12 mumol/g per minute in white matter. The LPR
      was calculated to be 0.80-0.98 ml/g per minute for the cortex and 0.2-0.4 ml/g
      per minute for white matter. In patients with stroke, the ischemic defects
      appeared to be larger in CMG scans than in computed x-ray tomography (CT) scans.
      Prolonged reversible ischemic neurological deficit was associated with a
      significant fall in the LUGTR but no change in the LPR in the corresponding
      cerebral cortex. Normal LUGTR and significantly decreased LPR were registered in
      a patient with progressive occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. In a patient
      with transient ischemic attacks, a slightly reduced LPR and a disproportionally
      reduced LUGTR were observed before operation. After extra- and intracranial
      bypass surgery, the LPR became normal, whereas the LUGTR increased but did not
      achieve normal values.

PMID- 3876937
TI  - Fatal meningitis due to multi-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b.
AB  - We report the case of a 3-month-old boy suffering from an acute bacterial
      meningitis due to a multi-resistant strain of Haemophilus influenzae type b. Also
      presented is our current strategy of treatment and chemoprophylaxis of
      Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in children.

PMID- 3876939
TI  - Role of the Ly 1 antigen in interleukin 1-induced thymocyte activation.
AB  - Interleukin 1 (IL 1), but not IL 2-induced thymocyte proliferation was augmented
      by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against the Ly 1 antigen. The anti-Ly 1 mAb could
      also co-stimulate thymocytes with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) alone, mimicking the
      effect of IL 1. Moreover, overnight culture with PHA of thymocytes, but not of
      spleen T lymphocytes led to selectively enhanced expression of the Ly 1 antigen
      on the cell surface. Similar data were generated at the clonal level. Thus, a
      thymocyte hybridoma (22A6) could be stimulated to release IL 2 in response to PHA
      plus IL 1, but also to PHA plus anti-Ly 1 mAb. In addition, 22A6 exhibited
      enhanced cell surface expression of the Ly 1 antigen after overnight culture with
      PHA. These data suggest a critical role for the Ly 1 antigen in thymocyte
      proliferation, perhaps by serving as an IL 1-receptor.

PMID- 3876938
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of pirprofen in young volunteers and elderly patients.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of pirprofen were measured in 11 elderly arthritic patients
      and 6 healthy young volunteers at the beginning and end of 8 days treatment with
      400 mg doses twice daily. The mean ages of the two groups were 74.5 and 21.8
      years, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in peak
      concentrations, times to peak, areas under the curve or terminal elimination half
      lives between the groups after single dosing. Repeated dosing increased plasma
      drug concentrations in both groups but the extent was as predicted from the
      single dose data. Again there were no statistically significant differences
      between the groups, although pre-dosing plasma concentrations were higher in the
      elderly compared with the young individuals. The results of this relatively small
      study suggest that advancing age and arthritic disease appear to have little
      influence on the pharmacokinetics of pirprofen and no modification in the dosage
      recommendation in elderly patients without overt renal or hepatic impairment is
      indicated.

PMID- 3876940
TI  - The limited immunocompetence of thymocytes within murine thymic nurse cells.
AB  - Thymic nurse cells, cortical epithelial cells enclosing 20-200 lymphocytes, were
      prepared from mouse thymus by enzyme digestion and repetitive sedimentation.
      Individual nurse cells were then isolated free of any exogenous thymocytes by
      micromanipulation, and the endogeneous thymocytes released from inside the nurse
      cells by a brief period of culture. The thymocytes from within individual nurse
      cells were tested, at the one cell/well level, for their capacity to proliferate
      in high cloning efficiency mitogen-stimulated limiting dilution cultures. The
      resultant clones were tested for their cytolytic capacity in a lectin-mediated
      isotype-release assay. Most intra-nurse cell thymocytes were unresponsive, like
      typical cortical thymocytes, but an average of 1/30, or around 2-6
      lymphocytes/nurse cell, were able to proliferate in response to concanavalin A.
      The clones produced were of a relatively small size, similar to those
      characteristic of helper-lineage T cells. No cytolytic clones at all were
      obtained, despite stringent positive controls showing an efficient cytolytic
      response from known sources of cytolytic precursor cells. This finding disagrees
      with earlier studies on nurse cell lymphocytes, where there may have been a
      possibility of contamination with exogenous thymocytes. These results suggest
      either that the nurse cell represents a selective environment for helper-lineage
      T cell differentiation, or that further steps after the nurse cell stage are
      needed to produce mature cytolytic-lineage T cells.

PMID- 3876941
TI  - The effects of cyclosporin on lymphocyte activation in a systemic graft-vs.-host
      reaction.
AB  - We have investigated the effects of cyclosporin (CsA) on each of three stages of
      lymphocyte activation in vivo viz. sequestration of alloantigen-reactive
      lymphocytes from the circulation into the spleen and lymph nodes, blast
      transformation and induction of DNA synthesis in the activated cells and release
      of these cells and their progeny into the circulation. Parental strain
      lymphocytes injected i.v. into semi-allogeneic rats and recovered from the
      thoracic duct within 36 h are profoundly unresponsive in a local graft-vs.-host
      assay to the alloantigens of the F1 hybrid but have normal activity against
      unrelated alloantigens (negative selection). CsA treatment of the F1 hybrid
      recipients did not prevent this selective sequestration of antigen-reactive
      cells. In the untreated F1 hybrid, from 36 h after injection, large numbers of
      dividing blast cells were released into the lymph. These cells did not appear in
      the lymph of recipients treated with CsA. However, CsA did not prevent the
      activation of cells sequestered in the spleen or lymph nodes as assessed by [3H]
      thymidine incorporation and autoradiography. This unexpected finding suggests
      that CsA inhibits lymphocyte responses to alloantigens in vivo after DNA
      synthesis which is a later stage than the in vitro studies have shown.

PMID- 3876942
TI  - Activation of Lyt-2+ T cells by antibodies towards brain-associated antigens. II.
      Antibody-dependent induction of "nonspecific" cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
AB  - Purified IgG from a rabbit anti-mouse brain antiserum (RaMB), previously shown to
      activate most Lyt-2+ T cells, was probed for lectin-like effects on cell-mediated
      cytolysis (CML) and found to induce "nonspecific" killing of syngeneic B cell
      targets by allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) as effectively as
      concanavalin A, and at levels comparable to antigen-specific cytolysis of target
      cells. Interestingly, RaMB-mediated "nonspecific" CML of syngeneic targets, by
      polyclonally or specifically activated CTL, was restricted to B cell targets and
      cold target inhibition experiments indicated that syngeneic target cell blasts do
      not functionally interact with effector CTL in the presence of RaMB. The role of
      target cell Fc receptors was demonstrated by the competitive inhibition of RaMB
      dependent CML by normal rabbit IgG. We conclude that RaMB both activates and
      bridges the effector CTL to target cells, RaMB-mediated "nonspecific" CML being a
      similar phenomenon to lectin-facilitated "nonspecific" cytolysis, and the mirror
      image of classical ADCC. These observations allowed us to interpret the effects
      of RaMB on allo-major histocompatibility complex-specific CML. Since RaMB
      stimulates specific CML of B cell targets while selectively blocking that of T
      cell targets, we conclude that RaMB antibodies interact with structures
      associated with the CTL antigen receptor, explaining the contradictory effects
      previously reported with monoclonal antibodies against the CTL receptor complex,
      which can both stimulate and inhibit T cell functions.

PMID- 3876943
TI  - Dopamine but not norepinephrine or serotonin uptake inhibitors protect mice
      against neurotoxicity of MPTP.
AB  - Combined administration of nomifensine, a DA reuptake inhibitor, and MPTP
      completely prevented the long-term (30 days post-treatment) striatal DA
      depletions induced by MPTP in mice. Cotreatment with desipramine and clomipramine
      or fluoxetine, inhibitors of NE and 5-HT, respectively had no effect on DA
      neurotoxicity of MPTP. The findings indicate that MPTP (or MPP+) is a substrate
      for the specific DA reuptake system and may explain, in part, its selective toxic
      effects on DA neurons.

PMID- 3876944
TI  - In vivo effects of epidermal and fibroblast growth factors on DNA replication in
      mouse skin.
AB  - A method was developed for measuring in vivo DNA synthesis after exposure to
      epidermal growth factor (EGF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in a local area
      of mouse skin using ring-shaped forceps in combination with autoradiography. The
      technique should be useful for analysing the effects of growth factors on
      individual cells of the skin in vivo. EGF induced semisynchronized DNA synthesis
      in basal cells of the epidermis dose-dependently, but FGF did not. Time course
      study showed that EGF-induced DNA synthesis in basal cells increased with time
      for 24 h, and then decreased rapidly. EGF-induced DNA synthesis in basal cells
      was proportional to the time exposed to EGF (0-60 min). FGF and EGF both had
      little effect on dermal fibroblastic cells. The discrepancy between in vivo
      observations and those with cultured mammalian cells is discussed.

PMID- 3876945
TI  - Effect of cyclosporin A (CyA) on the in vitro growth of hemopoietic progenitors
      from normal marrow.
AB  - Unfractionated normal bone marrow cells (NBM), adherent-cell-depleted NBM, and E
      rosette-depleted NBM were plated in vitro for CFU-c or BFU-E formation at plateau
      concentrations of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) or erythropoietin, untreated
      or after preincubation with cyclosporin A (CyA). At concentrations of 1000 or
      2000 ng/ml, CyA enhanced CFU-c growth up to 137 +/- 32% and 147 +/- 31% of
      expected baseline growth respectively (p = 0.005 and 0.001). When CyA was added
      to NBM depleted of T cells by rosetting once with sheep red blood cells (SRBC)
      there was no CFU-c enhancement at CyA concentrations of 1000 ng/ml, but
      enhancement could be seen at 2000-5000 ng/ml. The enhancing effect of CyA was
      completely abolished, however, when the SRBC rosetting procedure was repeated
      twice (95 +/- 37% of expected growth). On the other hand, removal of adherent
      cells was without effect on CFU-c enhancement mediated by CyA. The addition of
      CyA to NBM also enhanced the growth of BFU-E (256 +/- 182% of expected growth) (p
      = 0.001). The results of this study suggest that CyA can increase the plating
      efficiency of NBM cells, possibly by inhibiting an endogenous, T-cell-mediated,
      suppressor mechanism.

PMID- 3876946
TI  - Differentiation between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial pneumonia
      associated with collagen vascular diseases by comparison of the ratio of OKT4+
      cells and OKT8+ cells in BALF T lymphocytes.
AB  - Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and interstitial pneumonia associated with
      collagen vascular disease have been shown to be difficult to differentiate by
      clinical, roentgenological, pathological and immunological findings. We have
      applied the analysis of BALF T cell phenotypes to these two groups by enumerating
      the cell populations of OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells in BALF and, as a result, have been
      able to discern a clear and meaningful differentiating point between the two
      groups. In all 9 patients with IPF were examined in whom OKT4+ cells outnumbered
      OKT8+ cells in BALF T cell subsets, while 13 patients with collagen vascular
      disease were tested (3 SLE, 6 RA, 2 Sjogren's syndrom and 2 MCTD) in whom OKT8+
      cells were more numerous than OKT4+ cells. No difference was observed in blood T
      lymphocytes between these two groups. These results provide us with a means of
      differentiation between these groups, especially in clinically borderline cases.

PMID- 3876947
TI  - Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia: findings at bronchoalveolar lavage.
AB  - In a patient with lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP), confirmed by open lung
      biopsy, immunological derangement was evaluated using bronchoalveolar lavage
      fluid and peripheral blood. In the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid there were 20%
      null cells, 0% B cells, 77% alveolar macrophages and 3% T cells; in the
      peripheral blood these were 12% null cells, 43% B cells, 26% mononuclear
      phagocyte system cells, 2% double marker cells and 17% T cells. Thus there was T
      cell depletion and null cell increment in bronchoalveolar lavage, in contrast to
      T cell depletion and increment of B cells and mononuclear phagocyte system cells
      in the peripheral blood.

PMID- 3876948
TI  - Effects of cold adaptation and starvation on sciatic nerve fibers in the frog.
AB  - The conditions under which frogs are kept prior to experimentation were found to
      have a measurable effect on peripheral nerve structure. Frogs kept for 12 weeks
      at 4 degree C had markedly shrunken sciatic nerve fibers compared with frogs kept
      at 19 degrees C. Intermediate fiber shrinkage was found for frogs kept at 19
      degrees C without feeding. Counts of neurofilaments and microtubules showed that
      fiber shrinkage was from a preferential loss of filaments, indicating cold- or
      starvation-induced atrophy of the axon's cyto-skeleton. This effect, however, was
      superimposed with additional osmotic axonal shrinkage, causing filament densities
      to increase per area. There were no changes in myelin sheath thickness due to
      cold adaptation or fasting.

PMID- 3876949
TI  - Sequence of the OXA2 beta-lactamase: comparison with other penicillin-reactive
      enzymes.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the unusual plasmid-mediated OXA2 beta-lactamase is
      presented, and compared with other beta-lactamases. The OXA2 enzyme has similar
      features at the presumed active site, but no other significant regions of
      homology with other penicillin-reactive enzymes. The active site homology may
      therefore represent convergent evolution of otherwise dissimilar genes.

PMID- 3876950
TI  - Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for rat corticotropin-releasing factor
      precursor.
AB  - DNA complementary to the rat hypothalamic mRNA coding for the corticotropin
      releasing factor precursor (prepro-CRF) has been cloned by screening a cDNA
      library with a human genomic DNA probe. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the
      cloned cDNA has revealed that rat prepro-CRF consists of 187 amino acid residues
      including a putative signal peptide. The CRF and putative signal peptide regions
      are more highly conserved among rat, human and ovine prepro-CRF than is the
      cryptic portion.

PMID- 3876951
TI  - 13C-NMR reveals glycerol as an unexpected major metabolite of the protozoan
      parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.
AB  - 13C-NMR has been used to study the kinetics of the formation of metabolites from
      [1-13C]glucose in intact cells of Trichomonas vaginalis during anaerobic
      incubation. As well as the expected metabolites lactate and acetate, this
      technique revealed glycerol as an additional major product, present in amounts
      equimolar with acetate. The formation of glycerol is readily explained in terms
      of the need to maintain redox balance. This protozoan now joins the small group
      of organisms which are known to produce glycerol as a result of normal metabolic
      activities.

PMID- 3876952
TI  - [Mechanisms of involvement of Na+(Li+) in the process of intracellular
      transmission of the trigger signal in skeletal muscles].
AB  - The data obtained suggest that Li+ can replace Na+ in transmission of triggering
      signal from excited surface membrane of muscle fibers onto intracellular effector
      systems. The participation of extracellular calcium in transmission of activation
      into the cell being excluded, the Ca2+-activation of the contractile apparatus
      and kinase-phosphorylase system in electrically stimulated muscles presumably
      proceeds from the induction of Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by
      transmembrane Na+- or Li+-current. The chemical specific features of Na+ and Li+
      displayed at that, corroborate the hypothesis of Na+-trigger mechanism of Ca2+
      release from the SR in skeletal muscle fibers of vertebrates.

PMID- 3876953
TI  - [Receptive fields of the retina in mechanisms of visually-guided behavior in the
      frog].

PMID- 3876955
TI  - Hib vaccine recommendations.

PMID- 3876954
TI  - Membrane protein from rabbit T-lymphocytes, specifically binding staphylococcal
      enterotoxin A (SEA).
AB  - The presence of specific binding of SEA with membranes of lymphocytes from rabbit
      thymus is established. Components of a glycolipid nature are absent in the
      composition of the receptor complex for SEA on T-lymphocytes. Suitable conditions
      for the solubilization of the receptor membrane fraction by Triton X-100 are
      described. The SEA-binding membrane fraction is isolated by means of an affinity
      chromatography method. The main component of the fraction is a protein with
      molecular mass 42 kd. The isolated protein inhibits the specific binding of
      [125I] SEA on cell (T-lymphocytes) and subcell (membrane) levels.

PMID- 3876956
TI  - DTP vaccinations should be resumed.

PMID- 3876957
TI  - [Auditory perception of focused ultrasound (morphofunctional
      electrophysiological, psychophysical and clinico-physiological aspects].

PMID- 3876958
TI  - The prognostic significance of clinical history, exercise testing and ambulatory
      electrocardiography in patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction.
AB  - The prognostic value of early clinical history, exercise testing and ambulatory
      electrocardiography was assessed in 263 men (mean age 50 years) recovering from
      an uncomplicated myocardial infarction (MI). During a mean follow-up period of 31
      months, 11 patients died of cardiac causes, 22 developed a non fatal recurrent
      MI, 16 unstable angina (UA) and 16 underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. The
      appearance at the exercise stress test of an ischemic S-T segment depression of
      0.2 mV or greater (P less than 0.001) as well as the achievement of a work load
      of 360 Kg-m/m' or less (P less than 0.01) and of a rate-pressure product of 200
      Units or less (P less than 0.01), were found to be predictive of the future
      development of UA, but neither of cardiac death nor of non fatal recurrent MI.
      The ischemic response was also seen to be predictive of cardiac death (P less
      than 0.05). S-T segment depression of 0.1 mV or greater, angina and ventricular
      ectopic activity during the stress test and clinical history were not of
      predictive value. Complex ventricular ectopic activity (multiform extrasystoles,
      couplets and ventricular tachycardia) recorded during 24 hour ambulatory
      electrocardiogram was seen to be predictive of death and non fatal MI. Whereas
      some parameters such as the ejection fraction and the extension of coronary
      artery disease are generally accepted as good predictors for cardiac events,
      others, such as those derived from exercise testing, history and ambulatory
      electrocardiography may change their predictive value from one survey to another.
      These discrepancies are due to differences in patient characteristics, in
      methodology and in medical management.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3876960
TI  - Studies on the effects of estrogen on antibody responses in asymptomatic HB virus
      carriers and non-responders to HB vaccine inoculation.
AB  - Antibody-forming cells against trinitrophenylated sheep red blood cells (TNP
      SRBC) were induced to similar extents, when peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      from normal individuals, non-responders to HB vaccine inoculation and
      asymptomatic HBV carriers were stimulated in vitro with pokeweed mitogen (PWM).
      Although these antibody responses were significantly augmented by adding estrogen
      simultaneously with PWM to mononuclear cell cultures prepared from normal
      individuals, no such augmentation was demonstrable in cultures from asymptomatic
      HBV carriers and non-responders to HB vaccine inoculation. Interleukin-1
      production and DNA synthesis in PWM- and PHA-stimulated mononuclear cell were
      also increased by estrogen in normal individuals, but not in the other two
      groups. These observations suggest that asymptomatic HBV carriers and non
      responders to HB vaccine inoculation share a similar deficiency, not found in
      normal subjects, with regard to the modulatory effects of estrogen.

PMID- 3876959
TI  - Cellular immune responses in the acute exacerbation of hepatitis B e antigen
      positive type B chronic hepatitis.
AB  - The compositions of lymphocytes in peripheral blood and liver biopsies from 29
      patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive type B chronic hepatitis were
      studied by an indirect peroxidase-labeled antibody method using monoclonal
      antibodies to surface antigens on pan T cells (Leu-1 +), cytotoxic/suppressor T
      cells (Leu-2a +), helper/inducer T cells (Leu-3a +), natural killer/killer cells
      (Leu-7 +), and B cells (Leu-10 +). In the peripheral blood during the acute
      exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B, the percentage of cytotoxic/suppressor T
      cells was decreased, and the ratio of helper/inducer to cytotoxic/suppressor
      cells was elevated corresponding to the peak of serum transaminase. In contrast,
      in liver biopsies obtained during acute exacerbation, numerous lymphocytes
      infiltrated sites of liver cell necrosis and were predominantly
      cytotoxic/suppressor cells. When compared with the liver biopsies obtained about
      2 months after the peak of serum transaminase, cytotoxic/suppressor cells were
      significantly increased in those obtained during the acute exacerbation period.
      No significant change of the percentage of natural killer/killer cells was
      observed in either the peripheral blood or the liver during the acute
      exacerbation. These findings suggest that T cell cytotoxicity plays an important
      role in the mechanisms of liver cell damage in acute exacerbation of chronic
      hepatitis B.

PMID- 3876961
TI  - Hepatitis B surface antigen specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in hepatitis
      B virus infection.
AB  - Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity against HBs antigen (HBsAg)-coated
      autologous mononuclear cells as target cells was examined in hepatitis B virus
      infection. Target cells were prepared by coincubation of mononuclear cells with
      purified HBsAg in 0.5 mM CrCl3. The distribution and uniformity amounts of HBsAg
      on target cells was shown by immune fluorescence and by analyzing the
      fluorescence intensity with a fluorescent activated cell sorter. CTL activity was
      detected in 7 of 9 patients with acute hepatitis type B, in 4 of 11 chronic
      active hepatitis type B, in none of 8 healthy HBsAg carriers, and in none of 22
      healthy volunteers. The antigen specificity of the cytotoxicity was confirmed by
      a blocking experiment with purified HBsAg and by cold target inhibition with
      HBsAg or bovine serum albumin (irrelevant antigen) coupled cold target cells. CTL
      lysed HBsAg coupled allogeneic target cells that shared HLA-A or B locus
      antigens. This finding suggests that HLA restriction may be involved in the
      killing mechanism. This HBsAg specific CTL clone may participate in the
      immunopathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection.

PMID- 3876962
TI  - [Characteristics of immunological status of patients with lymphoblastic leukemia
      in relation to therapy].

PMID- 3876963
TI  - [Changes in the T- and B-lymphocyte system of patients with acquired
      dyshematopoiesis].

PMID- 3876964
TI  - [Clinico-laboratory characteristics and treatment of hairy cell leukemia].

PMID- 3876965
TI  - [Prediction of the sensitivity of chronic lympholeukemia patients to levamisole].

PMID- 3876966
TI  - A linkage analysis of the Gm locus and multiple sclerosis.
AB  - We conducted linkage analyses of immunoglobulin G heavy chain marker (Gm)
      phenotypes and multiple sclerosis (MS) in 30 families, each having at least two
      first-degree relatives with definite/probable MS. These families yielded positive
      evidence for linkage to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci in previous analyses.
      In the present analysis, however, the results for Gm were negative. Most lod
      scores were negative, particularly at the smaller recombination values (theta).
      We explored the possibility of heterogeneity by subgrouping our data on the basis
      of specific HLA types (A3, B7) and Gm types (Gm1, Gm1,2) within the pedigrees.
      The results were again negative with no substantial differences in estimates of
      theta between subgroups.

PMID- 3876967
TI  - Familial aggregation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: use of the
      loglinear model to analyze intermediate environmental and genetic risk factors.
AB  - To examine the contribution of environmental and genetic risk factors to familial
      aggregation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 325 first-degree
      (1d) relatives and 56 spouses of 150 COPD patients were compared with 222 1d
      relatives and 49 spouses of 107 nonpulmonary patient controls for the prevalence
      of two clinical outcomes: 1) airways obstruction (AO; 1-sec forced expiratory
      volume less than 68% of forced vital capacity) and 2) chronic bronchitis (CB;
      cough and sputum for 3+ months per year for 2+ years). The loglinear model was
      used to study direct and indirect (ie, those mediated by other risk factors)
      components of familial aggregation. Three risk factors were found to be
      independently associated with CB and/or AO: alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZ
      allele), personal cigarette smoking, and parental cigarette smoking. Because 1d
      relatives of COPD patients were more likely to have a PiZ allele, be heavy
      smokers (1+ packs per day), and be exposed to parental smoking than 1d relatives
      of controls, these three factors also constitute indirect components of familial
      aggregation. However, after controlling for the three factors, 1d relatives of
      COPD patients were more likely to have AO and CB than 1d relatives of controls
      (direct component). This direct component might have a genetic basis, because no
      such association was found when spouses instead of 1d relatives were compared.
      Thus, both shared environmental factors (personal and passive smoking) and shared
      genetic factors (alpha 1-antitrypsin and a possible direct genetic component)
      contribute to familial aggregation in COPD. The loglinear model provides a useful
      tool for analyzing familial aggregation in diseases of multifactorial etiology.

PMID- 3876968
TI  - Cloning and expression of the alpha-amylase gene from Bacillus stearothermophilus
      in several staphylococcal species.
AB  - The plasmid-coded alpha-amylase gene of Bacillus stearothermophilus (amy) was
      cloned in Staphylococcus carnosus using plasmid pCA43 as a vector. The amy gene
      was located on a 5.4-kb HindIII DNA fragment of the hybrid plasmid pamy7. When
      transformed into other staphylococcal species, plasmid pamy7 exhibited marked
      differences in the production of alpha-amylase (alpha Amy). Most active for
      heterospecific alpha Amy production was Staphylococcus aureus. In its culture
      supernatant nearly half as much alpha Amy activity was found as for the donor
      strain B. stearothermophilus. All staphylococcal species were able to secrete
      alpha Amy, since more than 80% of the enzyme activity was found in the culture
      supernatant. The extracellular alpha Amy of S. aureus [pamy7] was purified to
      homogeneity. The enzyme exhibited an Mr of approx. 58 000, an optimum activity at
      pH 5.3-6.3 and at 65 degrees C. Although the enzyme was stable at 65 degrees C
      for at least 3 h, its thermostability was not unusual. The enzymatic properties
      of the alpha Amy from S. aureus were similar to those previously reported for
      various B. stearothermophilus strains.

PMID- 3876969
TI  - Origin and age-associated changes in the expression of a physiologic
      autoantibody.
AB  - Aging is accompanied by increased prevalence of serum autoantibodies. One
      commonly detected autoantibody, IgM rheumatoid factor, is also found associated
      with rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune disorders. Much evidence indicates
      that this autoantibody plays a physiologic role in the immune response. The
      potential of human subjects to secrete this autoantibody and the age-related
      changes in its expression by human peripheral blood and bone marrow lymphocytes
      have been investigated. The size of this self-reactive B cell pool increases with
      advancing age. The lymphocytes expressing this potential are found predominantly
      in an early B cell subset in elderly individuals as compared to a more mature B
      cell subset in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. Preliminary data show that
      IgM rheumatoid factors share idiotypes implying a common origin, possible from a
      single light chain gene or a closely related family of light chain genes.

PMID- 3876970
TI  - Age-related strain differences in the development of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody
      regulation in the splenic and mucosal-associated lymphoid systems.
AB  - In the present study, we examined the changes that occur with age in anti
      idiotype-blocked, hapten-augmentable PFC in the mucosal-associated lymph nodes
      (MLN and BLN) and spleen of various strains of mice. 2-month-old 129/J, AKR/J,
      and C57L/J mice had a high percentage of hapten-augmentable PFC in their spleen,
      MLN, and BLN; however, by 6-11 months these values had declined considerably in
      the spleen, while mucosal values remained high. In contrast, 2-month-old
      C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, and C3H/HeJ mice had a low percentage of hapten-augmentable PFC
      in their spleen, MLN, and BLN; but by 6-11 months these values had increased
      considerably in the spleen, while mucosal values remained low. CBA/J and SJL/J
      mice maintained high and low levels, respectively, of hapten-augmentable PFC in
      their spleens, MLN, and BLN over the age span. NZB/BinJ mice were found to be low
      producers in the spleen, but high in the MLN and BLN at 2 and 6 months of age.
      These data indicate that there are strain differences in the development of auto
      anti-idiotypic antibody regulation with age.

PMID- 3876971
TI  - Age effects on colony-forming human peripheral blood T and B cells.
AB  - An assay was developed for studying the effect of age on human colony-forming T
      and B cells. Phytohemagglutinin was used to induce the formation of T cell
      colonies and anti-human Fab antibodies were used to induce the formation of B
      cell colonies. The assay requires a short (less than 8 h) incubation in liquid
      media in the presence of a mitogen prior to plating in semisoft agar. Neither
      autologous serum, red cells, nor conditioned media are required to support colony
      formation. The kinetic and morphologic characteristics of T and B cell colonies
      were different. Formation of T cell macro- but not microcolonies was
      significantly impaired during aging. Formation of B cell colonies was decreased
      with aging, but the decrease was not significant.

PMID- 3876972
TI  - Genetic influences on splenic function in coeliac disease.
AB  - Splenic function was assessed using 'pitted' erythrocyte counts in 61 first
      degree relatives of patients with coeliac disease. 'Pitted' erythrocyte counts
      were normal in 12 parents, but were raised in 20% of 49 siblings and/or children
      of coeliac patients. First degree relatives had higher 'pitted' erythrocyte
      counts than normal controls (p = 0.002). The counts were lower in coeliac
      relatives than in age matched coeliacs (p = 0.0001), but no difference was
      present between the relatives and coeliac patients whose small bowel mucosa was
      morphologically normal. Considerable interfamily variation was found in 'pitted'
      erythrocyte counts, both in the coeliac patients and first degree relatives, and
      the pattern tended to 'run true' within families. The genetic factor influencing
      splenic function in coeliac disease is not HLA-linked but seems to be associated
      with a second, probably recessive, gene influencing the inheritance of coeliac
      disease.

PMID- 3876973
TI  - [Amine colpitis].

PMID- 3876974
TI  - Endocrinological function in schizophrenic patients under haloperidol treatment:
      plasma PRL, HGH and 5HT levels after L-5HTP loading.
AB  - In order to examine 5HT metabolism in the hypothalamo-pituitary (HP) system of
      chronic schizophrenic patients taking haloperidol for a short or long period,
      chronological changes of blood 5HT, PRL and HGH were measured after an oral
      loading dose of L-5hydroxytryptophan (L-5HTP), a precursor of 5HT. The subjects
      consisted of 8 male patients with chronic schizophrenia, who were divided into
      the following two groups. The 1st group--4 patients taking haloperidol (5.6
      mg/day) for 8 months on an average (short-term treatment). The 2nd group--4
      patients taking haloperidol (4.8 mg/day) for 7.5 years on an average (long-term
      treatment). The control group was made up of 9 healthy male volunteers. As a
      result, the basal level of blood 5HT in the 1st group was significantly higher
      than that in the control group. The blood 5HT levels in the 1st and 2nd groups
      showed an equally remarkable increase as compared with the control group. The
      basal level of plasma PRL in the 2nd group was significantly lowe than that in
      the control group. Moreover, in the 2nd group, an increase in the plasma PRL
      level after the loading was suppressed, but it showed less suppression in the 1st
      group. There was no significant difference in the basal HGH levels among the
      control, 1st and 2nd groups. After the loading, an increase in the plasma HGH was
      suppressed in the 2nd group, but the suppression was less in the 1st
      group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3876975
TI  - [Is luxation of the lens an indication for surgical removal?].

PMID- 3876976
TI  - Histologic assessment of lymph nodes in mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome
      (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma): clinical correlations and prognostic import of a new
      classification system.
AB  - Mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome share common cutaneous histopathologic
      features, and this spectrum of malignant disease is referred to here as cutaneous
      T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). A method (LN classification) for describing the
      histopathologic features of lymph nodes in CTCL is presented. In this system,
      lymph node biopsy specimens are scored according to the number of atypical
      lymphoid cells in T-cell-dependent paracortical zones and the preservation or
      distortion of the lymph node architecture. Lymph node architecture is preserved
      in lymph nodes scored LN1 to LN3, and these nodes may have coexistent
      dermatopathic change. LN1 nodes have single infrequent atypical lymphocytes in
      paracortical T-cell regions. LN2 nodes have small clusters of paracortical
      atypical cells. LN3 nodes have large clusters of atypical cells. LN4 nodes are
      partially or totally effaced by atypical cells. This system was used to classify
      96 lymph node biopsy specimens obtained within six months of the initial
      diagnosis of CTCL; no LN1 nodes, 37 LN2, 44 LN3, and 15 LN4 nodes were found. The
      LN class was significantly correlated with the extent of skin, blood, and
      visceral involvement, as well as with survival. Patients with LN2 lymph nodes
      have an estimated five-year survival of 70 per cent, while patients with LN3 and
      LN4 nodes have estimated five-year survivals of 30 and 15 per cent, respectively.
      The survival differences between the LN subgroups were all significant (P less
      than 0.05). The LN classification system was clearly shown to be reproducible
      among experienced pathologists. The LN system for the histopathologic
      classification of lymph nodes in CTCL is of prognostic value and should be used
      to assess lymph node biopsies in patients with CTCL.

PMID- 3876977
TI  - Evaluation of the severity of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
      deficiency using viable T cells.
AB  - Peripheral T cells from 3 Lesch-Nyhan patients, 3 normal subjects, and 3 brothers
      with hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) deficiency but
      without Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (so-called partial deficiency) have been analyzed.
      Although these brothers contained HGPRT activities neither in the hemolysates nor
      in the T cell extracts at levels detectable by the regular radioenzyme assay, the
      enzyme deficiency had not caused any typical neurological symptoms of the Lesch
      Nyhan syndrome. Although the T cells from these brothers were at least 10-fold
      more resistant to 6-thioguanine than normal T cells, they were more than 30-fold
      less resistant than the T cells from 3 Lesch-Nyhan patients indicating that there
      is a clear difference in the severity of the enzyme deficiency between the
      brothers and the Lesch-Nyhan patients. These data indicate that the long-term T
      cell culture in the medium containing a purine analog whose toxicity depends on a
      salvaging enzyme is useful for evaluating the severity of the enzyme deficiency
      in viable cells.

PMID- 3876978
TI  - Binding of DNP-specific receptor material of normal thymocytes to DNP-gelatin
      coated dishes.
AB  - Mouse spleen cells (0.5%) were bound specifically to DNP4-gelatin-coated dishes
      at 4 degrees C. The DNP-specific spleen cells can be recovered from the dishes by
      melting the gel at 37 degrees C. In contrast to spleen cells, thymocytes did not
      bind to DNP-gelatin layers. When dishes were pretreated with large numbers of
      thymocytes, the binding of splenocytes was reduced in a second adsorption step,
      depending on the number of thymocytes used for the pretreatment. The reduction of
      spleen cell binding by pretreatment of dishes with thymocytes could be inhibited
      by DNP18-rabbit-IgG, but not by ARS13-rabbit-IgG. These data show that, on the
      release of thymocytes during the incubation with DNP4-gelatin layers, thymocytes
      leave behind DNP-specific binding material which prevents a second adsorption of
      DNP-binding spleen cells.

PMID- 3876979
TI  - L3T4-positive T lymphoblasts are responsible for transfer of immunity to
      Trichinella spiralis in mice.
AB  - The characteristics of lymphocyte subpopulations involved in mediating immunity
      to the intestinal nematode Trichinella spiralis in vivo have been examined using
      adoptive transfer in conjunction with accurate cell-sorting and cell-depletion
      techniques. Positive selection of cell subsets, using FACS sorting and velocity
      sedimentation at unit gravity, confirm that rapidly dividing T blasts are the
      major population that mediates expulsion of the worm from the gut. Furthermore,
      cell-depletion studies demonstrated that the T-cell subset involved is of the
      L3T4 + ve Lyt 2-ve phenotype. This phenotype suggests class II MHC restriction in
      recognition of T. spiralis antigens by T cells in vivo. The roles that such T
      cells play in immunity to T. spiralis are discussed in terms of lymphokine
      release.

PMID- 3876980
TI  - Suppression and enhancement of in vitro lymphocyte reactivity by factors in rat
      submandibular gland extracts.
AB  - The addition of crude extracts from rat submandibular (SM) glands to murine
      spleen and lymph node cell cultures stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A)
      induced either suppression (at high concentrations) or further stimulation (at
      lower concentrations) or further stimulation (at lower concentrations) of
      proliferative activity. Gel filtration of the extracts revealed that suppressive
      activity was due to factors of molecular weight in the 50,000-96,000 range, while
      stimulation was due to factors in the 13,000-35,000 molecular weight range. The
      suppressor activity of the higher molecular weight fractions was not due to a
      reduction of cell viability or of the uptake of tritiated thymidine. This was
      demonstrated by the fact that the addition of IL-2 to the cultures completely
      reversed the suppressive effect. Further fractionation of the suppressive and of
      the stimulatory gel filtration fractions with the chromatofocusing technique led
      to the identification of a single fraction with suppressor activity and of
      multiple discrete fractions with stimulatory activity.

PMID- 3876981
TI  - Identification and purification of human T-lymphocyte colony-enhancing factor,
      TLCEF: increased production by phorbol myristate acetate.
AB  - T-lymphocyte colony-enhancing factor (TLCEF), a growth factor for a minute
      subpopulation of T lymphocytes, is produced, along with other factors, by
      conditioned media (CM) of mononuclear cells following stimulation with T
      mitogens, such as phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). A combination of PHA and a co
      mitogen, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), has been shown to have a
      synergistic effect on the production of TLCEF, yielding levels of activity eight
      to fifteen times higher than those obtained with either PHA or PMA alone. TLCEF
      was purified by ammonium sulphate, fractionation hydrophobic interaction
      chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose and gel filtration. The last step of this
      purification procedure yielded two peaks of activity purified 13,000- and 29,000
      fold, respectively. The first peak eluted from the column with an average
      molecular weight of 125,000, whereas the second peak was retained on the gel,
      probably due to non-specific interactions with it. The purified fractions
      contained none of the following activities: T-cell growth factor (TCGF), colony
      stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), interleukin-3 (IL-3) and interferon. TCGF activity,
      which is known to be unstable at high degrees of purification, was already lost
      after the ammonium sulphate fractionation step, most probably because of the low
      protein and albumin concentrations (0.33 and 0.11 mg/ml, respectively). TLCEF is
      thus a more stable immunoregulatory factor than TCGF and has a much higher
      apparent molecular weight.

PMID- 3876982
TI  - Surface markers on lymphocytes leaving pig lymph nodes.
AB  - Mesenteric lymph nodes of normal young pigs were perfused in vitro at
      physiological temperature. Cell-free perfusion medium was pumped into the artery
      for more than 2.5 hr, and lymphocytes were continuously released into the venous
      effluent. Recirculating lymphocytes emigrate from pig lymph nodes by entering the
      blood vasculature directly and not via efferent lymphatics. The presence of
      lymphocytes in paracortical venular walls after 2 hr of perfusion with new medium
      suggests that these are the sites of emigration. The rate of emigration of
      lymphocytes from mesenteric lymph nodes was estimated to be 6 X 10(7)/hr. Study
      of the lymphocyte populations emerging from the perfused lymph nodes showed that
      B lymphocytes and E-rosette forming T lymphocytes, but almost no Null
      lymphocytes, are involved. While the proportion of B lymphocytes remained
      constant during the perfusion period, E-rosette forming lymphocytes increased
      significantly. Lymphocyte subpopulations differ profoundly in their capacity to
      migrate through lymph nodes.

PMID- 3876983
TI  - Two B-cell subpopulations identified by flow cytometry.
AB  - Ig+ spleen cells were analysed by light scatter analysis on a flow cytometer and
      two distinct subpopulations were identified. The large Ig+ cells (10-11 micron in
      diameter) were found in spleen and bone marrow, whereas the small Ig+ cells (7-8
      micron in diameter) were found in all lymphoid tissues. Of the total Ig+ splenic
      lymphocytes, 40-60% were large Ig+ cells and had surface IgM, Ia and Fc gamma
      receptors. The large Ig+ cells were highly enriched for responsiveness to the B
      cell mitogens, anti-Ig, Nocardia water-soluble mitogen and LPS, whereas the small
      Ig+ splenic cells had little or no responsiveness to these mitogens.

PMID- 3876984
TI  - Decreased natural killer cell activity in atopic eczema.
AB  - We have studied NK cell activity in atopic and non-atopic subjects using a
      standard 51Cr-release assay and K562 target cells. In atopics (AT) with allergic
      rhinitis and/or asthma, NK cell activity was similar to that in non-atopic (N)
      subjects, whilst patients with severe atopic eczema (AE) had depressed NK cell
      activity compared to AT or N subjects. In addition, circulating T-cell numbers
      and Con A responsiveness was decreased in AE, although neither parameter was
      correlated with decreased NK cell activity. However, decreased NK cell activity
      in atopic eczema was positively correlated with decreased numbers of Fc gamma +
      lymphocytes (P = 0.01) and decreased effector: target cell binding (P = 0.05),
      and negatively correlated with increased monocytes in AE (P = 0.09). AE NK cell
      activity was equally or more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of drugs such as
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP, prostaglandins (PG) D2,E2 and histamine. The relative
      percentage increase in NK cell activity by the interferon inducer poly I:C was
      similar in AE patients and controls. The results suggest that reduced numbers of
      circulating NK cells and pre-NK cells account for the depressed level of NK cell
      activity in subjects with severe atopic eczema.

PMID- 3876986
TI  - Development of a novel C1q immunoadsorbent for removal of circulating
      immunecomplexes: quantitative isolation of hepatitis B virus surface antigen and
      immunecomplexes.
AB  - A technique for large scale production of human C1q from plasma by affinity
      chromatography on an anti-C1q column is described. Affinity purified C1q was
      covalently coupled to a newly developed agarose polyacrolein microsphere beads
      immunoadsorbent. This immunoadsorbent was utilized for quantitative removal of
      artificially formed bovine serum albumin (BSA)-anti-BSA immune complexes (IC).
      The C1q affinity column was then used for the isolation of immunecomplexes
      containing hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) from serum of an HBsAg
      carrier. Identical columns may be utilized for quantitative removal of a variety
      of IC from blood of patients with infectious and autoimmune diseases, as well as
      neoplastic diseases. Furthermore, dissociated immunecomplexes will provide an
      additional source for purification of specific antigens.

PMID- 3876985
TI  - Macrophage recognition of cells undergoing programmed cell death (apoptosis).
AB  - As a model for the recognition of effete cells by their viable neighbours. BALB/c
      mouse thymocytes were coincubated with isologous peritoneal macrophages. The
      macrophages bound preferentially to thymocytes undergoing apoptosis, a mode of
      death induced in these cells by treatment with the glucocorticoid hormone methyl
      prednisolone. Binding occurred in the absence of serum and was inhibited by N,N'
      diacetyl chitobiose, N-acetyl glucosamine and, to a lesser extent, by N-acetyl
      galactosamine and D-galactose. L-fucose, D-mannose and N-acetyl neuraminic acid
      had no effect. The results suggest the presence of lectin-like molecules on the
      surface of the macrophage that recognize changes in the cell-surface carbohydrate
      of the apoptotic cell. The pattern of inhibition of binding by monosaccharides
      differs from that of previously described endogenous mammalian lectins.

PMID- 3876987
TI  - Rosette formation between T and autologous B lymphocytes. I. Characterization of
      a T cell subpopulation.
AB  - The ability of some T cells to form rosettes with autologous B lymphocytes (TrB
      cells) appears to be a marker of a subpopulation of T cells, a majority of which
      have high avidity receptors for sheep red blood cells. TrB cells have a higher
      proportion of suppressor cell surface markers (OKT-8+ and receptor for the Fc
      fraction of IgG), as well as higher suppressor activity than other T cell
      populations. TrB cells also help in B lymphocyte transformation under the
      stimulation of a T-dependent B mitogen. The TrB cells seem to express the Fc
      gamma receptor after ecotatic association with B cells, since T gamma cells
      previously isolated from total T cells form rosettes with B cells in the same
      proportion in which total T cells do. Studies on TrB cells subpopulation may
      explain some of the defects in functional cell-cell interactions.

PMID- 3876988
TI  - Phylogenetic hierarchy of antigen-presenting ability in antigen-specific T cell
      activation.
AB  - The phylogenetic hierarchy of antigen-presenting ability was shown to exist in
      xenogeneic mouse, rat and human T cell-antigen-presenting cell (APC) interaction.
      The antigen-presenting ability of human APC is dominant over that of rat APC and
      the ability of rat APC is dominant over that of mouse APC. The HLA-DR molecule
      was shown to function for antigen presentation to PPD-specific autologous human
      and xenogeneic murine T cells.

PMID- 3876990
TI  - Functional subdivision of HLA-DRw8 with influenza-specific cloned cell lines.

PMID- 3876989
TI  - Interaction between des-Tyr1-gamma-endorphin and HLA class I molecules:
      serological detection of an HLA-A2 subtype.
AB  - Preincubation of lymphocytes with des-Tyr1-gamma-endorphin (DT gamma E) inhibits
      the reaction between some HLA alloantisera and their corresponding antigens. One
      HLA-A2-specific antiserum was found which could detect a subtype of the HLA-A2
      antigen on DT gamma E-treated lymphocytes from some donors. Comparison with the
      HLA-A2 subtypes as defined by a combination of cytotoxic T lymphocyte typing and
      biochemistry showed a complete correlation with the previously described HLA-A2.3
      subtype.

PMID- 3876991
TI  - Critical evaluation of intermittent ischaemic arrest for coronary bypass surgery.

PMID- 3876992
TI  - A comparative study of different methods for the detection of B-lactamase in
      staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 3876993
TI  - Suppressor factor of T-cell activation and decreased interleukin 2 activity in
      experimental African trypanosomiasis.
AB  - Spleen cells from Trypanosoma brucei-infected BALB/c mice were unable to respond
      to a T-cell mitogen, concanavalin A. Moreover, they were unable to produce
      detectable amounts of the growth factor required for T cell proliferation,
      interleukin 2. In addition, supernatants from 24-h in vitro cultures of these
      cells produced a slight but detectable suppressive activity of the interleukin 2
      dependent proliferation of a T-cell line. Infected spleen cells also suppressed
      the response of T. brucei-immunized spleen cells as well as normal spleen cells
      to concanavalin A. However, a major difference was shown in the mechanism of the
      suppression in both systems. Suppression of normal spleen cells required cell-to
      cell contact. In contrast, suppression of 30-day T. brucei-immune cells could be
      mediated by a soluble suppressor factor released by in vitro culture of infected
      spleen cells. This molecule had an apparent molecular weight of 18,000. Finally,
      similar suppression could be generated in 30-day T. brucei-immune spleen cells
      but not in normal cells, with living cells but not with extracts of T. brucei.

PMID- 3876995
TI  - Role of lipopolysaccharide and complement in susceptibility of Haemophilus
      ducreyi to human serum.
AB  - The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the susceptibility of Haemophilus ducreyi
      to human serum and the mechanism of complement activation by serum-susceptible
      (Sers) strains were investigated. Serum treated with 2 mM Mg2+ and 20 mM ethylene
      glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid was nonbactericidal,
      but inulin-treated serum remained bactericidal. Absorption of serum with heat
      killed whole cells of an Sers strain removed its bactericidal activity against
      the absorbing strain and also against other Sers strains. LPS obtained from Sers
      strains inhibited the bactericidal activity of serum against all Sers strains,
      whereas LPS from serum-resistant (Serr) strains and an Serr isogenic strain did
      not. However, high concentrations of LPS from the Serr strain inhibited the
      bactericidal activity of serum, an indication that part of the structural site
      involved in serum susceptibility is retained in the LPS of this strain. The LPS
      of Sers strains exhibited higher anticomplement activity than the LPS of Serr
      strains. These findings suggest that the classical pathway of complement
      activation is involved in the serum killing of H. ducreyi and that LPS
      composition may contribute to their susceptibility to complement-mediated serum
      bactericidal activity.

PMID- 3876994
TI  - Periodontal bone loss and immune characteristics of congenitally athymic and
      thymus cell-reconstituted athymic rats.
AB  - We investigated the ability to reconstitute the T-cell deficiency in congenitally
      athymic (nude; rnu/rnu) Rowett rats by intravenous injection of 10(7)
      heterozygous normal (rnu/+) rat thymus cells. The thymus cell-reconstituted
      animals showed essentially normal lymphocyte proliferation to phytohemagglutinin
      P and concanavalin A, normal spleen and lymph node T-lymphocyte distribution, and
      normal serum immunoglobulin G levels. These rats were used to study the effect of
      T-cell deficiency on periodontal disease. Animals with minimal oral flora were
      divided into three groups: nude, thymus cell-reconstituted nude, and normal rats.
      Immune response, gingival inflammation, and periodontal bone loss were examined
      in these animals. Less than 40% of the T cells recovered from the normal rat
      gingiva could be recovered from the nude rat gingiva. In contrast to the
      situation in normal or thymus cell-reconstituted rat gingiva, B cells were vastly
      predominant in the nude rat gingiva, with approximately four B cells for each T
      cell. There was increased periodontal bone loss in the nude rats compared with
      that in the normal rats. Thymus cell reconstitution of the nude rats was
      associated with decreased bone destruction. It is suggested that T cells have a
      regulatory function in relation to the potentially excessive B-cell response to
      abundant antigen and polyclonal activators in the oral cavity.

PMID- 3876996
TI  - Lymphokine-induced inhibition of growth of Eimeria bovis and Eimeria papillata
      (Apicomplexa) in cultured bovine monocytes.
AB  - Sporozoites of Eimeria bovis penetrated and developed normally to first
      generation meronts in bovine monocytes (BM) and Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK)
      cells that had been pretreated with culture medium (CM) or supernatant (NS) from
      nonstimulated bovine T cells. At 240 h after sporozoite inoculation (ASI), the
      mean percent development (meronts/[sporozoites + meronts]) in CM- and NS
      pretreated BM was 52 and 28%, respectively; values for MDBK cells were 36 and
      35%, respectively. Pretreatment of BM and MDBK cells with supernatant (ConAS)
      from concanavalin A-stimulated bovine T cells had no effect on the ability of
      sporozoites to penetrate cells; however, at 240 h ASI, only 1% of the sporozoites
      in ConAS-pretreated BM cultures had developed to meronts. In contrast, ConAS had
      no adverse effect on the ability of E. bovis sporozoites to develop to first
      generation meronts in MDBK cells. At 240 h ASI, E. bovis meronts in ConAS
      pretreated BM were abnormal in appearance and retarded in development, whereas
      sporozoites appeared structurally normal by light microscopy. Pretreatment of BM
      with ConAS had no effect on the ability of sporozoites of Eimeria papillata
      (Apicomplexa) to penetrate cells. Sporozoites of E. papillata did not develop to
      meronts in ConAS-pretreated BM and, in contrast to E. bovis, most sporozoites
      were destroyed intracellularly.

PMID- 3876997
TI  - Activities of a soluble extract from lymphoid cells of MRL mice. Effect on B cell
      differentiation in vitro.
AB  - Soluble extract (sEx) was prepared from lymphoid cells of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr(MRL/l)
      mice with early lupus nephritis and also of MRL/Mp-+/+ (MRL/n) mice. sEx from
      lymph node and spleen T cells of MRL/l mice had an activity for B cells to
      differentiate into immunoglobulin-producing cells but that of MRL/n mice did not
      show such an activity. sEx of MRL/l mice also enhanced the in vitro response of B
      cells to a suboptimal dose of lipopolysaccharide. Implication of these phenomena
      in the development of lupus nephritis is discussed.

PMID- 3876998
TI  - An update on the status of the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by
      lymphapheresis.

PMID- 3876999
TI  - Prognostic value of concentration of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1)
      in serum of patients with breast cancer.
AB  - Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) was assayed by particle counting
      immunoassay in serum from 46 healthy female blood donors, 33 patients with benign
      mastopathy and 84 patients with breast cancer before operation and during follow
      up. Values greater than 1 micrograms/1 were found more frequently with benign
      mastopathies (11/33) and in patients with breast cancer at stage 2 (20/48), 3
      (4/9), and 4 (7/10) than in healthy female blood donors (3/46). The survival rate
      after 4 years was significantly lower in patients with SP1 level greater than 1
      microgram/1 before tumor resection (52% vs. 87%). The difference remained
      significant when only patients in stage 2 were taken into account (57% vs. 85%).
      A highly significant (r = 0.64; N = 46) negative correlation was observed between
      the concentration of SP1 in serum and the concentration of estrogen receptor in
      the tumor. The longitudinal study of patients in stage 2 indicated that, of the
      15 whose SP1 concentration fell below 1 microgram/1 after operation, 14 survived
      over 4 years whereas during the same period, 9 of the 10 patients whose SP1 value
      remained higher than 1 microgram/1 died.

PMID- 3877000
TI  - Expression of Burkitt lymphoma-associated antigen (defined by the monoclonal
      antibody 38.13) on both normal and malignant germinal-centre B cells.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody 38.13 was raised against the Burkitt lymphoma cell line Daudi
      and has been previously shown to recognize a globotriaosylceramide (Pk)
      determinant expressed selectively on Burkitt and a few other B-cell lymphomas. We
      report here that 38.13 binds to a subset of normal B lymphocytes in germinal
      centres of secondary lymphoid follicles as well as to blood vessels. In malignant
      populations equivalent to various developmental compartments of the B-cell
      lineage, only those with a follicular phenotype express the Pk determinant at
      detectable levels. The expression of this tumour-associated antigen, in common
      with many others, is therefore regulated in concert with cell lineage and
      maturation status.

PMID- 3877001
TI  - Extracellular material secreted by human colonic adenocarcinoma cell lines
      promotes spreading in serum-free medium and induces neurite outgrowth of PC-12
      cells.
AB  - A completely defined medium has been designed to promote cell proliferation of 2
      colonic adenocarcinoma cell lines of epithelial origin (HT 29 and HRT 18). The
      spreading of both cell types, especially of HT 29 cells, was not possible in a
      serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors. Spreading was obtained in a
      defined medium (a 1/1 mixture of DMEM and F12 media supplemented with 5
      micrograms/ml transferrin, 5 ng/ml EGF, 10 ng/ml selenite and 15 mM HEPES pH 7.3)
      with an extracellular matrix-like material (ECM) secreted by the cells
      themselves. The properties of the ECM have been studied: ECM secreted by the 2
      cell lines induced very quick spreading of HT 29 and HRT 18 cells (1 to 2 hr vs.
      12 to 24 hr in serum-supplemented medium). ECM induced morphological
      differentiation of a rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC 12). PC-12 cells grown
      under these conditions began to develop neurite extensions as early as 2 hr after
      seeding.

PMID- 3877002
TI  - DBA/2-like minor histocompatibility antigens on a BALB/c lymphoma. A BALB/c anti
      DBA/2 serum which lyses the tumor and blocks BALB/c anti-tumor and anti-DBA/2
      effectors.
AB  - We have previously shown that BALB/c anti-DBA/2 T cells can lyse the Moloney
      virus-induced BALB/c lymphoma YC8. In order to determine whether serologically
      defined minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHA) cross-reacting with those of
      DBA/2 tissues are present on YC8, we produced an antiserum directed against non-H
      2 antigens by immunizing BALB/c mice with DBA/2 Con A and lipopolysaccharide
      (LPS)-induced lymphoblasts. In a direct complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay,
      the antiserum (OR-1) lysed DBA/2 and YC8 but not BALB/c lymphocytes and blasts.
      No reactions against viral antigens were detected in the antisera as shown by the
      lack of cytotoxicity on a panel of lymphomas expressing a variety of viral
      antigens. In addition, OR-1 was able to specifically block a cytotoxic T
      lymphocyte (CTL), H-2-restricted BALB/c anti-DBA/2 cytotoxic response when bound
      to DBA/2 or to YC8 target cells. These results indicate that antigens cross
      reacting between YC8 lymphoma and DBA/2 tissues are serologically defined MiHA of
      DBA/2 background and that OR-1 serum can block a CTL reaction by binding to
      target antigen rather than to major histocompatibility complex products.

PMID- 3877003
TI  - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in angina pectoris.

PMID- 3877004
TI  - Complete transposition in Finland.

PMID- 3877005
TI  - Subcutaneous abscesses caused by Nocardia brasiliensis complicated by malignant
      lymphoma. A survey of cutaneous nocardiosis reported in Japan.
AB  - A 47-year-old Japanese man suffering from T-cell leukemia was examined for
      multiple subcutaneous abscesses followed to abrasion wound on his right knee. The
      causative organism was clustered, fine-branched filaments in pus aspirated from
      the lesions, identified as Nocardia brasiliensis. Most of the lesions regressed
      from the combined therapy of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, leaving an ulcer
      on the patient's left leg. The nocardiosis cases in Japan until 1984, including
      this one, were briefly surveyed.

PMID- 3877006
TI  - Oral contraceptive use and blood pressure in a German metropolitan population.
AB  - The relationship between blood pressure (BP) and oral contraceptive (OC) use in
      women has been examined with the data from the Munich Blood Pressure Study (MBS),
      a cross-sectional study with follow-up of a random sample of 3198 Munich citizens
      aged 30-69 (response rate 69.3%). Multiple linear and logistic regression
      analyses were run with BP as the dependent variable and age, OC use, obesity,
      alcohol consumption, and smoking habit as the independent variables. All second
      and third order interactions between the independent variables were tested during
      a backward stepping procedure. OC use appeared as a significant main effect in
      most of the analyses. The coefficient of the OC variable was about 3 in the
      linear regression analyses for both systolic BP and diastolic BP, indicating an
      increase of about 3 mmHg in the systolic and diastolic BP of the OC users. An
      analysis of the change in BP after one year in relation to change in OC user
      status has also been made. It was observed that women ceasing to use OC had a
      clear decrease in BP while those starting to use OC had on average an increase in
      BP.

PMID- 3877007
TI  - Kuwait nutritional survey: comparison of the nutritional status of Kuwaiti
      children aged 6-9 years with the NCHS/CDC reference population.
AB  - A national cross-sectional survey of the heights and weights of Kuwaiti primary
      school children aged 6-9 years was conducted on a stratified multistage sample of
      5132 subjects from two socio-economic districts. The collected data were used to
      compare the nutritional status of Kuwaiti children with their American
      counterparts using the NCHS/CDC reference population. The basic indices used for
      comparison were height for age and weight for height, each considered in terms of
      centiles and SD scores and cross-classified using SD scores. The results
      indicated that although Kuwaiti children in the studied age groups are shorter
      than American children severe short stature is relatively infrequent as 48.3%
      fell below the 30th centile of the reference population. Conversely, Kuwaiti
      children are relatively heavier than American children as 61.1% fell above the
      50th centile of the reference population.

PMID- 3877008
TI  - A case-control study of BCG and childhood tuberculosis in Cali, Colombia.
AB  - We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the effectiveness of BCG
      vaccination in preventing childhood tuberculosis (TB) in Cali, Colombia. We
      ascertained 178 cases aged 0 to 14 years from the respiratory clinics with cough
      or fever for at least three weeks and a positive chest X-ray for TB, as well as
      320 controls who were from the same households but had no symptoms and negative X
      rays. Using matched set multiple logistic regression analysis, we found the age-
      and sex-adjusted relative risk (RR) of TB among vaccinees compared with non
      vaccinees to be 0.84 with 95% confidence limits (CL) from 0.43 to 1.62. There
      was, however, a significantly lowered relative risk of TB with increasing time
      since vaccination (RR = 0.83 per year since time of vaccination with 95% CL from
      0.74 to 0.94.)

PMID- 3877009
TI  - Solid phase synthesis of ovine corticotropin releasing factor.
AB  - Ovine corticotropin releasing factor was synthesized by the stepwise solid phase
      method under conditions anticipated to maximize yield. Final yields of fully
      active hormone were 34% based on peptide which could be removed from the resin
      and 24% on initial resin substitution.

PMID- 3877010
TI  - Radiation-induced thymine base damage and its excision repair in active and
      inactive chromatin of HeLa cells.
AB  - The extent of production and excision repair of 5,6-dihydroxydihydrothymine type
      base (t') damage was determined in transcriptionally active and inactive
      chromatin of HeLa cells after exposure to 6.8 MeV electrons. It was observed that
      not only the yield but also rate of repair of t' products was greater in the
      active chromatin compared to the inactive chromatin of HeLa cells. The results
      strongly indicate that the conformation of chromatin is an important factor in
      determining the sensitivity to radiation damage and accessibility to enzymes
      required for repair of such damage.

PMID- 3877011
TI  - Radiosensitizers as probes of DNA damage and cell killing.
AB  - Cell killing and other deleterious biological effects of ionizing radiation are
      the result of chemical changes to critical targets, initiated at the time of
      exposure. Electron-affinic radiosensitizers act, primarily, by chemically
      modifying this radiation damage and its consequent biological expression, and
      such changes can be used to probe the nature of the cellular radiation target.
      According to a redox hypothesis of radiation modification, the molecular
      mechanism of electronic-affinic radiosensitization involves an oxidative
      interaction of the sensitizer with reactive, potentially damaging target
      radicals, which competes with reductive processes that restore the target to its
      undamaged state. The effects have been compared of a series of hypoxic cell
      radiosensitizers on radiation-induced DNA damage and mammalian cell killing, in
      order to ascertain the nature of the critical radiation target site(s) involved.
      Sensitizer efficacy is determined by the ability to oxidize the radiation target
      and is found to increase exponentially with increasing electron affinity. The
      threshold redox potential, below which no sensitization occurs, corresponds to
      the oxidation potential of the target bioradical involved, and is characteristic,
      and useful in identification, of the particular radiation target. Model product
      analysis studies of DNA base damage, inorganic phosphate release, single-strand
      breaks and incorporation of radioactively labelled sensitizer into DNA show a
      correspondence between the electronic-affinic radiosensitization of DNA damage
      and cell killing. A careful comparison of the radiosensitization of different DNA
      sites and cell killing indicates that the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA, not
      the heterocyclic bases, is the DNA target site which mimics cell killing in its
      threshold redox potential and overall radiosensitization response. These results
      suggest that the enhancement by electron-affinic drugs of radiation damage to the
      DNA backbone (strand breaks) correlates strongly with, and is the most likely
      cause of, the radiosensitization of hypoxic cell killing.

PMID- 3877012
TI  - Delayed repair of DNA single-strand breaks does not increase cytogenetic damage.
AB  - DNA damage and cytogenetic effects of ionizing radiation were investigated in
      Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and unstimulated human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes. DNA damage and repair were analysed by alkaline elution under
      conditions that predominantly measured DNA single-strand breaks (ssb). X
      radiation (2.5 Gy) induced ssb in both CHO cells and unstimulated lymphocytes,
      and the breaks were repaired within 30 and 90 min, respectively. This rapid
      repair was delayed by the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, 3-aminobenzamide
      (3AB). The cytogenetic effects of the 3AB-induced delay in DNA repair were
      examined by analysing sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency in CHO cells and
      fragmentation of prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC) in unstimulated human
      lymphocytes after 2.5 Gy of X-rays. Although 3AB delayed the rejoining of DNA
      ssb, this delay did not result in increased cytogenetic damage manifested as
      either SCE or fragmentation of PCC. These results indicate that the rapidly
      rejoining DNA ssb are not important in the production of chromosome damage.

PMID- 3877013
TI  - Radiation-induced hydronephrosis in the rat: a new experimental model.
AB  - An experimental model for investigating the effects of localized X-irradiation of
      a single ureter or the bladder trigone in rats is described. Obstruction of the
      urinary tract in the irradiated region gives rise to hydroureter and
      hydronephrosis and the development of these, as detected urographically, gives a
      clear-cut end point. After irradiation of the ureter with a single dose of 37.4
      Gy many rats died of gut lesions but after 23.4 Gy only one such death occurred
      while 14 of 16 rats developed hydronephrosis. Irradiation of the bladder trigone
      was not associated with intercurrent deaths, even after 40 Gy, and after 25 Gy 9
      of 11 rats developed hydronephrosis.

PMID- 3877014
TI  - Differences in the acute intestinal syndrome after partial and total abdominal
      irradiation in mice.
AB  - The acute intestinal syndrome in mice was analysed after partial (PAI) and total
      abdominal irradiation (TAI). The LD50/15 was significantly higher after PAI (16.3
      Gy) than after TAI (14.3 Gy). The dose-response curve for maximal weight loss
      also showed a shift of 1.8-2 Gy to higher doses after PAI compared with TAI. The
      X-ray survival curve for duodenal crypt cells was shifted by only 0.6 Gy for PAI
      and TAI. In order to assess the possible role of radiation-induced leucopenia and
      the influence of irradiating the spleen (shielded with PAI), lethality, weight
      loss and blood leucocyte counts were compared after PAI and TAI in splenectomized
      and non-splenectomized mice. No major difference in leucopenia was found between
      the different treatment groups, whereas the differences in lethality and weight
      loss between PAI and TAI remained the same. Shielding the spleen in the partial
      abdominal field therefore did not contribute to the difference in LD50/15. These
      findings imply that the increased LD50/15 after PAI compared with TAI was mainly
      due to shielding of a small part of the bowel (about 13 per cent of the abdominal
      area).

PMID- 3877015
TI  - The effect of several different anaesthetics on the blood pressure and heart rate
      of the mouse and on the radiation response of the mouse sarcoma RIF-1.
AB  - Several anaesthetics were tested with mice to study: (a) their ability to
      immobilize the animal; (b) their effect on blood pressure and heart rate; and (c)
      their effect on the response to X-irradiation of the mouse sarcoma RIF-1. All
      anaesthetics which produced adequate immobilization also caused a fall in blood
      pressure and some radioprotection of tumour cells. Physical restraint of the
      tumour-bearing leg of an unanaesthetized mouse also caused radioprotection of the
      tumour cells.

PMID- 3877016
TI  - X-ray diffractometry and calorimetry studies of structural modifications induced
      by gamma-irradiation in phosphatidylcholine multilamellar liposomes.
AB  - Experimental results are reported on structural and thermodynamic modifications
      induced by gamma-irradiation in model membranes. Differential scanning
      calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction were used to study the different phases
      and associated transitions of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine after 60Co gamma
      irradiation. Changes were observed in the shape of calorimetric peaks and in the
      corresponding enthalpy. The repetition distance of the layers increases while the
      distances related to the aliphatic chains decrease as a function of gamma
      irradiation time. Moreover, an increase in the hexagonal symmetry with increasing
      dose was detected. No disappearance of a pre-transition was detected even at high
      doses.

PMID- 3877017
TI  - The role of lysosomes in 239Pu binding in rat liver: comparison of sucrose and
      metrizamide density gradient studies with whole liver and purified hepatocytes.

PMID- 3877018
TI  - Is G2-arrest an active cellular response to irradiation?
AB  - Protein synthesis is normally required for G2-cell progression and for recovery
      from radiation-induced G2-arrest. In the presence of 5 mM caffeine this
      requirement is alleviated, indicating that the mechanism responsible for G2 cell
      progression actually remains intact in irradiated or protein synthesis inhibitor
      treated cells. It is suggested that both radiation and cycloheximide-induced G2
      arrest are not, therefore, passive consequences of cellular defects, but are
      rather, active cellular responses to the state of cellular integrity, implying
      the existence of G2 cell progression controls.

PMID- 3877019
TI  - Sensitization of cultured Chinese hamster cells to 42 degrees C hyperthermia by
      pentalenolactone, an inhibitor of glycolytic ATP synthesis.
AB  - The antibiotic pentalenolactone, a specific inhibitor of glyceraldehydephosphate
      dehydrogenase, was used to investigate the effect of glycolytic adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP) synthesis on the survival response of aerobic and hypoxic
      Chinese hamster cells treated with 42 degrees C hyperthermia. Data obtained with
      aerobic cells, incubated in balanced salt solutions supplemented with different
      substrates for ATP production, showed that 50 microM pentalenolactone blocked ATP
      synthesis via glycolysis but not by oxidative phosphorylation. The glycolytic
      inhibition was reversed upon transfer of the cells to antibiotic-free medium, and
      minimal cytotoxicity (less than 20 per cent) was observed. Hypoxic cultures were
      obtained by incubating dense cell suspensions (2 X 10(6)/ml) to produce metabolic
      oxygen depletion. Concomitant with the development of hypoxia, pentalenolactone
      treated cells became ATP-depleted; cellular ATP levels were reduced by about 70
      fold as compared to hypoxic cells in the antibiotic-free medium. The ATP-depleted
      cells were more sensitive to killing by hyperthermia. Comparison of the 42
      degrees C survival curves for control and the antibiotic-treated hypoxic cells
      yielded a dose-modifying factor of 4 (5 per cent survival level). The results
      indicate that inhibition of glycolytic ATP synthesis, for example by
      pentalenolactone, can selectively sensitize hypoxic cells to the lethal effects
      of mild hyperthermia.

PMID- 3877020
TI  - Survival of V79 cells following simultaneous irradiation with X-rays and neutrons
      in air or hypoxia.
AB  - V79 Chinese hamster cells have been irradiated with X-rays and neutrons given
      simultaneously. The oxygen enhancement ratio and r.b.e. were measured as a
      function of the proportion of the dose due to the neutrons, which varied from 0
      to 100 per cent. These were compared with the values calculated assuming the two
      types of radiation act independently, following an approach suggested by Curtis.
      The o.e.r. was less than the predicted value when the neutrons contributed less
      than about 40 per cent of the total dose. The r.b.e. also did not vary as
      predicted on the basis of independent action. The 'oxygen gain factor' reached
      half its maximum value when the proportion of the dose due to neutrons was only
      about 27 per cent. The results imply that there may be interaction between the
      damage caused by X-rays and neutrons and that beams having only 20 to 30 per cent
      of their dose due to high l.e.t. radiation, could be of therapeutic benefit.

PMID- 3877021
TI  - Urban dog rabies endemicity and dog physiology.
AB  - The frequency of dog-bite cases receiving anti rabic vaccine was studied for five
      years. Their monthwise frequency was studied. Six opportunities of contact in any
      calendar year which might lead to rabies transmission were identified to be
      provided by dog's physiological behaviour. A prediction on this basis of the
      frequency of months when dog rabies would appear, was brought out. This was
      compared with observed frequency. These are discussed.

PMID- 3877022
TI  - Gastrointestinal parasites of cattle in Nigeria. I. An abattoir survey on the
      prevalence of trematode parasites.

PMID- 3877023
TI  - Current status of human dirofilariasis in Japan.

PMID- 3877024
TI  - Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in felidae in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
AB  - A prevalence study revealed Campylobacter jejuni in rectal swabs of 1% of a
      sample of 430 domestic cats and from one species of 15 zoo felines which were
      examined. There was no correlation between age, presence of diarrhea, source of
      sample (animal shelter, veterinary clinic, domestic pet) and the isolation of C.
      jejuni. A controlled exposure trial confirmed that fecal shedders can transmit
      infection to susceptible contacts which subsequently demonstrate transient
      diarrhea. Infected cats show a variable pattern of excretion of the organism
      which could result in failure to determine C. jejuni status based on a single
      examination.

PMID- 3877025
TI  - Highly selective portal decompression for bleeding esophageal varices.
AB  - Since 1974, 112 patients with ruptured esophageal varices, have undergone
      resection-anastomosis of the supracardial esophagus using the circular suture
      stapler. Recently, preliminary splenic artery ligature has also been associated,
      if possible, with systematic ligature of the gastric coronary vein and followed
      by cardioplasty, to prevent gastro-esophageal reflux and block subcardial venous
      flow. This highly selective portal decompression (HSPD) procedure provides
      lasting reduction in blood pressure (confirmed by manometric recordings) in the
      esophago-cardial region, without any reduction in the distal hepatic flow (no
      portocaval shunt) or increase in the proximal flow (raised portal pressure).
      Results were compared with those of the initial, already encouraging, protocol,
      and demonstrated a tangible improvement after more than one year follow-up. In 50
      cases (Child A:16, B:29 and C:5), postoperative mortality was 10% (5 cases)
      during the first month and 7.5% (3 cases/40) during the first year. There was no
      specific morbidity due to the additional procedure nor cases of portocaval
      encephalopathy. During the first postoperative year, the frequency of hemorrhagic
      complications was one tenth of that during the year before surgery. These very
      encouraging results suggest the possibility of extending the indications for HSPD
      in the treatment of recurrent digestive hemorrhages from ruptured esophago
      cardial varices, replacing porto-systemic shunts which are sometimes well
      tolerated but always anti-physiological.

PMID- 3877026
TI  - Leiomyoma of the rectum.
AB  - Rectal leiomyoma is a rare disease. In Japan, only 77 cases were reported before
      1984. A study was carried out by compiling information from clinical cases
      together with two recent cases of rectal leiomyoma. The patients were mainly in
      their 50s to 60s with a mean age of 53.6 years. The sex ratio of males to
      females, was 1.5:1. The most common main complaints were anal bleeding and melena
      and subsequently cylindrical shaped stool or constipation, attributable to rectal
      stenosis. The tumors were located at 8 cm or less from the anal verge in 87% of
      the case. Surgery is considered the best method of treatment. Five patients noted
      a recurrence and three underwent extirpation as their initial operation. Although
      it is frequently difficult to establish whether leiomyoma is benign or malignant,
      small lesions (less than 2 cm in diameter) are best treated by local excision.

PMID- 3877027
TI  - A role for T lymphocytes in preventing experimental herpes simplex virus type 1
      induced retinitis.
AB  - We have previously shown that herpes simplex virus Type 1 (HSV-1) inoculated into
      the anterior chamber (AC) of one eye of BALB/c mice results in retinal
      destruction in the opposite eye while retinas in virus-injected eyes are
      preserved. In the present study, immunodeficient mice (athymic BALB/c or normal
      BALB/c which had received either gamma-irradiation [450 R] or cyclophosphamide
      [150 mg/kg treatment]), demonstrated bilateral retinal destruction upon
      unilateral AC inoculation of HSV-1. Reconstitution of these immunodeficient mice
      with spleen cells obtained from days 10-21 AC-inoculated donor mice, prior to AC
      inoculation of HSV-1, prevented retinal necrosis in more than 80% of both eyes.
      In contrast, donor cells from mice inoculated subcutaneously (SC) with HSV-1
      preserved only about 30% of recipient retinas, regardless of the cell transfer
      time after donors received HSV-1. Normal unsensitized syngeneic donor spleen
      cells failed to prevent bilateral retinal necrosis in either athymic or
      irradiated BALB/c mice, although they eliminated recipient mortality. T cell
      depletion of AC- or SC-inoculated donor cells removed their retinal protective
      effects completely. These studies demonstrate an active role for T lymphocytes in
      controlling the extent of disease in a murine model of HSV-induced retinitis.

PMID- 3877028
TI  - Wavelength discrimination deteriorates with illumination in blue cone
      monochromats.
AB  - Two types of incomplete congenital achromats were studied: one type (blue cone
      monochromats) has a conspicuous short wavelength cone mechanism, and the other
      type (deutan incomplete achromats) has a conspicuous long wavelength cone
      mechanism. The photoreceptor mechanisms were inferred from color matches and from
      test action spectra measured on rod-saturating backgrounds of different
      wavelengths. Interestingly, the illumination-dependency of color discrimination
      (for 5 degrees bipartite fields that were centrally fixated) differed between the
      two patient types, even though rhodopsin photoreceptors were common to both. As
      illumination level increased, the ability to discriminate wavelength differences
      deteriorated for the blue cone monochromats, whereas, for the deutan achromats,
      wavelength discrimination remained relatively constant even near 100,000 scotopic
      trolands. The performance decrement in the blue cone monochromats was probably
      not associated with rod saturation, as the field action spectrum to cause a just
      noticeable-difference (jnd) decrement in discrimination was poorly fitted by a
      rhodopsin action spectrum. In addition, the blue cone monochromats had rhodopsin
      photoreceptors that did not saturate in bright illuminations. The authors
      hypothesize that the deterioration of wavelength discrimination at high
      illuminations is not an abnormality of blue cone monochromacy. Rather, it may be
      a property of the normal color mechanism through which signals from the short
      wavelength cones pass.

PMID- 3877029
TI  - Neuroendocrine study of a male infant with septo-optic dysplasia.
AB  - Septo-optic dysplasia includes abnormalities of the optic nerves and tracts with
      absence of the septum pellucidum. Most of the recently reported patients were
      deficient in growth hormone. We describe a male infant with septo-optic dysplasia
      in whom extensive endocrine evaluation revealed central diabetes insipidus,
      hypothalamic hypothyroidism and combined (hypothalamic-pituitary) hypoadrenalism,
      along with normal pituitary growth hormone reserve. This is the first reported
      case of a patient with septo-optic dysplasia who underwent corticotropin
      releasing factor and growth hormone-releasing hormone stimulation.

PMID- 3877030
TI  - On the mechanism of dialkyltin-induced thymus involution.
AB  - In relation to the thymolytic activity of dialkyltin compounds, the effects of di
      n-butyltin (DBTC) and di-n-octyltin dichloride (DOTC) on the ultrastructure of
      the rat thymus, the proliferation of bone marrow stem cells and their
      interference with growth hormone production are analyzed. Ultrastructurally,
      depletion of small lymphocytes in the thymic cortex, without signs of lymphocyte
      destruction or macrophage activation, was the most prominent feature of DOTC
      treatment. The thymus cortex was maximally depleted 96 h after a single i.p.
      injection of 1 mg DOTC/kg body weight. 120 h after DOTC treatment a repopulation
      of the cortex with small lymphocytes was noted together with the presence of many
      pale large nuclei of large lymphocytes, suggestive of active blast
      transformation. These thymus effects are probably not caused by a diminished
      input of bone marrow stem cells into the thymus, since neither the spontaneous
      blastogenesis nor the colony formation of bone marrow cells isolated from DBTC
      treated animals were affected. An indirect mechanism of thymus involution induced
      by interference with the hormonal system is also very unlikely. A stress-related
      increase of glucocorticosteroids by dialkyltins has already been excluded (Seinen
      and Willems, 1976). An interference of dialkyltins with growth hormone
      production, as indicated in this study, did not occur. Application of growth
      hormone in amounts that reversed the hypophysectomy-induced thymus atrophy did
      not modify the thymus involution induced by DOTC treatment of rats. However, an
      interference with the production of thymic humoral factors cannot be excluded
      yet, although it is not supported by morphological changes in thymic reticular
      cells. Only an increased vacuolization of reticular epithelial cells is seen when
      the thymus is markedly involuted, but this is considered to be a consequence
      rather than a cause of thymus atrophy. Most probably the dialkyltin-induced
      thymus involution is caused by an antiproliferative activity, which is strongly
      supported by an inhibition of thymidine incorporation of thymocytes isolated from
      DBTC-treated rats.

PMID- 3877031
TI  - Measurement of coping strategies, concerns, and emotional response in patients
      undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

PMID- 3877032
TI  - The cardiac patient and exercise: a sociobehavioral analysis.
AB  - Health beliefs (health motivation, perceptions of illness, perceptions of
      resusceptibility, efficacy of treatment, barriers to treatment, and cues to
      taking health-related action), HLOC, patient satisfaction, social support, and
      self-motivation were studied in a group of cardiac patients (N = 41; 39 men and
      two women) who initiated and completed a phase II outpatient cardiac exercise
      program. Twenty-three had MI and 18 had CABG. They ranged in age from 34 to 75
      years with a mean age of 53 1/2 years. Regarding health beliefs, the only
      subscales not reflecting the tendency toward compliant behavior were general
      health motivation and cues to taking health-related action. Scores on the
      remaining measures revealed a tendency for subjects to be externally controlled,
      satisfied with the program and staff, recipients of social support, and self
      motivated. Although it was anticipated that patients with MI would differ
      significantly from patients who had CABG regarding these measures, this was not
      found to be true. A correlation matrix revealed that the most remarkable
      relationships were those between perceptions of severity of illness and general
      health motivation; HLOC and general health motivation; perceptions of severity
      and resusceptibility; cues to taking health-related action and satisfaction with
      the program staff; and satisfaction with the program and the program staff.
      Interestingly, perceptions of resusceptibility were negatively related to social
      support and self-motivation.

PMID- 3877033
TI  - [Telangiectasis--a rare cause of bleeding and/or perforation of the
      gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 3877034
TI  - [Transarterial vascular occlusion as therapy of tumor bleeding in inoperable
      rectal cancer].

PMID- 3877035
TI  - Cytogenetic studies of childhood non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

PMID- 3877036
TI  - Current concepts of metabolic functional imaging with positron emitters.

PMID- 3877037
TI  - The use of creatinine output as a check on the completeness of 24-hour urine
      collections.
AB  - The use of creatinine as a check on the completeness of 24-h urine collections is
      based on the assumption that excretion per kg body mass is constant. In a study
      of eight volunteers maintained on uniform diets the within-subject coefficient of
      variation (CV) in daily 24-h creatinine excretion was only 4 per cent under
      conditions in which the completeness of collections was assured. Cooked meat
      contains creatine and creatinine and an addition of 260 g/d cooked meat to the
      diet of four volunteers on a metabolic diet increased urine creatinine excretion
      by 23 per cent. A further source of variation in urine creatinine is the
      completeness of the collection itself. A new marker, PABA, was used to check the
      completeness of 24-h urine collections in eight subjects studied for 28 d whilst
      eating their normal diets. The within-subject CV of 9 per cent for 24-h
      creatinine excretion was not significantly different from that of 13 per cent for
      overall urinary N. In 122 complete 24-h urine specimens collected from a randomly
      selected population, the CV in creatinine excretion was 18 per cent. Twenty-one
      urine samples were incomplete, of which only 3 would have been detected on the
      basis of low creatinine by conventional standards. Of 39 hospital patients asked
      to collect 24-h urine samples, 12 provided incomplete samples, of which only 4
      had low creatinine excretion. It is concluded that PABA is a more sensitive and
      reliable verification of the completeness of 24-h urine collections than
      creatinine.

PMID- 3877038
TI  - Papilla (nipple) development in puberty. The adolescent male.
AB  - Papilla (nipple) development was studied in 230 males (119 black, 111 white) aged
      3-29 years to compare this development to the established criteria for sexual
      maturation. Comparison was also made with a previous study of female nipple
      development to determine whether or when any differences between male and female
      nipple development occurred. Our male subjects were further assessed to determine
      if nipple size differed in the presence or absence of gynecomastia. Significant
      nipple development occurred between pubic hair stages PH1 (diameter 2.8 mm), PH4
      (4.4 mm), and PH5 (5.4 mm). Similarly, there was significant incremental growth
      between genital stages G1 (3.0 mm), G3 (4.6 mm), and G5 (5.5 mm). Nipple
      development was similar in both sexes through stage PH3, but significantly
      diverged at stage PH4 (p less than 0.000001) because of a marked increase in
      female nipple diameter. Boys with gynecomastia had a significantly larger nipple
      size than boys who had none (p less than 0.001). Differences in nipple diameter
      between the sexes and between boys with and without gynecomastia probably result
      from differences in estrogen levels. Perhaps in the future, it will be possible
      on the basis of nipple diameter to predict which adolescent boys will have
      persistent gynecomastia.

PMID- 3877039
TI  - Androgen receptor levels and androgen contents in the prostate lobes of intact
      and testosterone-treated Noble rats.
AB  - Plasma testosterone (T) levels were correlated with androgen receptors, tissue
      content of T, and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the three anatomically
      discrete prostate lobes of intact and castrated Noble (Nb) rats bearing T-filled
      silastic capsules. Differences in androgen receptor content and tissue androgen
      levels were observed among the three prostatic lobes of intact Nb rats. Total
      (cytosolic and nuclear) androgen receptor levels were highest in the ventral
      prostate followed by the dorsolateral and anterior prostate lobes. In the ventral
      and anterior prostate, androgen receptors were found to be equally distributed
      between cytosols and nuclear extracts, whereas in the dorsolateral prostate,
      androgen receptors were predominantly nuclear (cytosolic: nuclear = 1.5). The
      ventral prostate had the highest total androgen content and DHT was the major
      tissue androgen in all three lobes. The ratio of tissue DHT:T varied among the
      lobes; the highest value was observed in the dorsolateral prostate. The higher
      proportions of nuclear androgen receptor, as well as the elevated tissue DHT:T
      found in the dorsolateral prostate compared to other lobes, suggest that
      differences in the androgen activation process may exist between the dorsolateral
      prostate and other prostatic lobes. Despite lower plasma and tissue T levels, the
      DHT content, weight and cytodifferentiation in all lobes of T-treated castrated
      rats closely approximated the situation found in intact animals. Total androgen
      receptor levels were, however, elevated in all prostatic lobes of T-treated,
      castrated rats as compared to intact controls. These increases were primarily
      attributed to the augmented levels of androgen receptor in the nuclear extracts
      of the three prostate lobes. Exposure of the prostate to a constant level of T,
      produced by silastic implantation, might be responsible for the higher total
      androgen receptor levels and enhanced nuclear androgen receptor retention found
      in the prostates of T-treated, castrated rats.

PMID- 3877040
TI  - Purification and properties of a beta-lactamase from Alcaligenes dentrificans
      subsp. xylosoxydans.
AB  - A penicillin beta-lactamase was purified from a strain of Alcaligenes
      dentrificans subsp. xylosoxydans resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. The
      purified enzyme preparation gave a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, and its molecular weight was 18,000 from sodium dodecylsulphate
      acrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. Its isoelectric point was 9.8,
      the optimal pH was 8.5 and the optimal temperature was 35 degrees C. The enzyme
      hydrolyzed penicillin G and ampicillin more rapidly than cephalosporins. Relative
      rates, with penicillin G as 100, were: ampicillin, 102; carbenicillin, 15;
      cloxacillin, less than 1; piperacillin, 9; cephaloridine, 41; cefoperazone, 36;
      cefpiramide, 36 and cefmenoxime, 14. Clavulanic acid, sulbactam, imipenem, and
      cephamycins had low affinities for the enzyme. The enzyme activity was inhibited
      by iodine, Hg2+, clavulanic acid and sulbactam.

PMID- 3877041
TI  - Cefpiramide: comparative in-vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability.
AB  - Cefpiramide is a new Pseudomonas-active cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of
      antibacterial activity. Like cefoperazone, cefpiramide was moderately susceptible
      to hydrolysis by a variety of beta-lactamases from Gram-negative bacilli. Tests
      with 6552 bacterial isolates in five separate medical centres documented
      cefpiramide's effectiveness against the more commonly encountered bacterial
      pathogens. Additional studies with 761 selected isolates, representing 35
      species, demonstrated similarities between cefpiramide and cefoperazone;
      cefpiramide was more active against Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Like
      most other cephalosporins, cefpiramide inhibited methicillin-susceptible
      staphylococci, non-enterococcal streptococci, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N.
      meningitidis and beta-lactamase-negative Haemophilus influenzae. Cefpiramide was
      marginally active against Streptococcus faecalis (MIC 50, 8.0 mg/l).

PMID- 3877042
TI  - Hydrolysis of beta-lactamase-stable beta-lactams by type I 'sponge' beta
      lactamases.

PMID- 3877043
TI  - Drug interactions and hepatitis produced by some macrolide antibiotics.
AB  - Drug interactions involving macrolides have been mainly reported in subjects
      receiving troleandomycin and in a few receiving erythromycin derivatives. In rats
      and in humans, troleandomycin, erythromycin and erythromycin derivatives induce
      microsomal enzymes; the induced isozymes of cytochrome P-450 have a high activity
      for these macrolides but a poor activity with several other substrates. These
      isozymes actively demethylate and oxidize these macrolides into nitrosoalkanes
      which form stable, inactive complexes with the iron of cytochrome P-450.
      Eventually, the oxidative metabolism of other drugs may be decreased. These
      effects are marked after administration of troleandomycin, moderate after
      administration of erythromycin derivatives and absent (or negligible) after
      administration of spiramycin, josamycin or midecamycin. A second adverse effect
      of the administration of troleandomycin or erythromycin derivatives is the
      possible occurrence of hepatitis. Mild hepatic dysfunction is fairly frequent and
      may be toxic in type. In contrast, jaundice is common, is frequently associated
      with hypersensitivity, and promptly recurs when the drug is readministered.
      Troleandomycin and erythromycin derivatives, which form nitrosoalkanes, produce
      hepatitis, whereas josamycin, midecamycin and spiramycin, which do not form
      cytochrome P-450-nitrosoalkane complexes, rarely, if ever, produce hepatitis.
      Nitrosoalkanes are unstable intermediates which react with glutathione but also
      with cysteine and might covalently bind to the SH-groups of proteins. The
      following mechanism might be proposed as a hypothetical attempt to link up these
      various observations. The macrolide (or its reactive metabolite) may have
      discrete toxicity; in several subjects, this may produce minor liver lesions and
      a mildly raised aminotransferase activity. Necrosis of a few hepatocytes may
      release into the circulation plasma membrane proteins altered by the covalent
      binding of metabolites. Such modified liver antigens may be recognized as foreign
      and may trigger, in an exceptional subject, an immunoallergic type of clinical
      hepatitis.

PMID- 3877044
TI  - Properties of Sepharose-bound beta-lactamase from Enterobacter cloacae.
AB  - beta-Lactamase from Enterobacter cloacae P99 was immobilized onto Sepharose by
      the cyanogen bromide activation method and the properties of the Sepharose-bound
      enzyme were compared with those of soluble and cell-bound enzyme. The immobilized
      beta-lactamase showed enhanced stability to storage at 4 degrees C (approximately
      1 year) in respect to the free enzyme in solution (few days). The optimum pH for
      activity is similar for both Sepharose- and cell-bound beta-lactamase and extends
      over a broader pH range (pH 6-9) than the soluble enzyme (pH 8-9). Immobilization
      leads also to significant enhancement of thermal stability. Effective enzyme
      inhibition by flucloxacillin occurs with both soluble and Sepharose-bound beta
      lactamase, whereas the cell-bound enzyme is much less (10(-5) times) inhibited.
      These results indicate that immobilized beta-lactamase could be usefully employed
      as a tool for investigating the properties of newly designed beta-lactamase
      inhibitors.

PMID- 3877045
TI  - Regional lung water and hematocrit determined by positron emission tomography.
AB  - We have measured with positron emission tomography (PET) the regional
      distribution of extravascular lung water (EVLW) and hematocrit (HctL) in normal
      supine dogs. H2(15)O and C15O were used as total lung water (TLW) and
      intravascular water (IVW) compartment labels, respectively. An additional plasma
      volume label (68Ga-transferrin) was used to determine regional HctL. EVLW was
      calculated as the difference between TLW and IVW. In 13 dogs, EVLW was relatively
      constant along a gravity-dependent vertical gradient, although values in the most
      anterior regions were statistically less (P less than 0.05) than those in more
      posterior ones. The average value for EVLW (13 dogs) was 14.4 +/- 2.5 ml H2O/100
      ml lung. When EVLW was compared with IVW on a regional basis, the EVLW/IVW ratio
      decreased significantly in a gravity-dependent direction from 1.95 +/- 0.28 to
      0.88 +/- 0.18. In 7 dogs, no significant difference between HctL and systemic
      hematocrit (average ratio 1.01 +/- 0.08) was found nor was any significant
      variation of HctL within the lung detected. Thus, in contrast to gravimetric
      techniques, a hematocrit correction does not appear to be necessary when regional
      EVLW is studied by PET.

PMID- 3877046
TI  - Asymmetric [14C]albumin transport across bullfrog alveolar epithelium.
AB  - Bullfrog lungs were prepared as planar sheets and bathed with Ringer solution in
      Ussing chambers. In the presence of a constant electrical gradient (20, 0, or -20
      mV) across the tissue, 14C-labeled bovine serum albumin or inulin was instilled
      into the upstream reservoir and the rate of appearance of the tracer in the
      downstream reservoir was monitored. Two lungs from the same animal were used to
      determine any directional difference in tracer fluxes. An apparent permeability
      coefficient was estimated from a relationship between normalized downstream
      radioactivities and time. Results showed that the apparent permeability of
      albumin in the alveolar to pleural direction across the alveolar epithelial
      barrier is 2.3 X 10(-7) cm/s, significantly greater (P less than 0.0005) than
      that in the pleural to alveolar direction (5.3 X 10(-8) cm/s) when the tissue was
      short circuited. Permeability of inulin, on the other hand, did not show any
      directional dependence and averaged 3.1 X 10(-8) cm/s in both directions. There
      was no effect on radiotracer fluxes permeabilities of different electrical
      gradients across the tissue. Gel electrophoretograms and corresponding
      radiochromatograms suggest that the large and asymmetric isotope fluxes are not
      primarily due to digestion or degradation of labeled molecules. Inulin appears to
      traverse the alveolar epithelial barrier by simple diffusion through hydrated
      paracellular pathways. On the other hand, [14C]albumin crosses the alveolar
      epithelium more rapidly than would be expected by simple diffusion. These
      asymmetric and large tracer fluxes suggest that a specialized mechanism is
      present in alveolar epithelium that may be capable of helping to remove albumin
      from the alveolar space.

PMID- 3877047
TI  - Functional and ultrastructural effects of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in a
      hamster trachea organ culture system.
AB  - A hamster trachea organ culture system was utilized to evaluate quantitatively
      the effects of a strain of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) and culture
      supernatants of the same strain on ciliary activity. Tracheal explants were
      maintained in organ culture for 96 to 144 h and ciliary activity was observed
      daily with an inverted microscope. Explants continuously exposed to a strain of
      NTHI had a progressive decline in ciliary activity which was significantly lower
      than uninfected controls evaluated concomitantly by 48 h of exposure and
      thereafter. Histologic studies revealed a progressive degeneration of mucosal
      cells and exfoliation of ciliated cells. Scanning electron microscopy showed
      little adherence of NTHI to the mucosal surface. Sterile broth cultures of NTHI
      and supernatants of organ cultures infected with the same NTHI strain had no
      adverse effect on ciliary activity. Infected tracheal explants treated with
      ampicillin 24, 48, or 72 h after continuous bacterial challenge had no
      significant decline in ciliary activity compared to controls. The lack of
      adherence and the histologic changes observed when hamster trachea cultures were
      infected with NTHI suggested a toxin might mediate the damage observed. Broth and
      organ culture supernatants, however, produced no damage. Therefore, further
      studies are needed to determine the role, if any, of a toxin in the production of
      damage to hamster tracheal explants by NTHI.

PMID- 3877048
TI  - Microbiological assay for chloramphenicol residues.
AB  - Procedures for the assay of chloramphenicol in milk, urine, serum, and muscle
      tissue are presented. The procedures specify an assay design with all standards
      as well as samples present on each plate, oxytetracycline in the buffer-diluent
      for greater sensitivity, a minimal medium to enhance the inhibitory effect of
      chloramphenicol on the assay organism, and a tetrazolium dye to improve the
      ability to measure the zones of inhibition. Recoveries of unbound chloramphenicol
      from bovine urine were 90.8%, from serum 88.3%, from milk 79.3%, from swine
      muscle 71.3%, and from beef and chicken muscle 61.0 and 61.4%, respectively. The
      lower levels of measurement in urine and serum were 0.25 microgram/mL, 0.025
      microgram/mL in milk, and 0.10 microgram/g in muscle tissue.

PMID- 3877049
TI  - Antilymphocyte serum therapy in aplastic anemia.

PMID- 3877050
TI  - Bacteriophage T4 regA protein. Purification of a translational repressor.
AB  - The bacteriophage T4 regA protein translationally regulates its own synthesis and
      the synthesis of several other T4 early proteins. In order to study the mechanism
      of translational regulation, we have purified the regA protein. Initially a
      mutant protein, incapable of autogenous repression, was placed under lambda PL
      transcriptional control and amplified to approximately 10% of total cell protein.
      The membrane-associated mutant protein was extracted with organic solvent
      mixtures and purified by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography.
      Polyclonal antibodies prepared against the mutant protein were used in Western
      blot assays to monitor purification of the wild-type protein from T4-infected
      cells. Phosphocellulose and poly(U)-agarose chromatography were important steps
      in its purification. The binding properties of regA protein to
      polyribonucleotides are discussed in relation to the mechanism by which the
      protein recognizes its mRNA targets.

PMID- 3877051
TI  - Sequence of the precursor to rat bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein that
      accumulates in warfarin-treated osteosarcoma cells.
AB  - A biosynthetic precursor to rat bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein (BGP) was
      isolated from warfarin-treated ROS 17/2 osteosarcoma cells by antibody affinity
      chromatography followed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography.
      Thirty-two residues of its NH2-terminal sequence were determined by gas-phase
      protein sequence analysis. Comparison of this sequence with the known structure
      of rat BGP established that the intracellular precursor is a 76-residue molecule
      of Mr = 9120 that differs from 6000-Da bone BGP in having an NH2-terminal
      extension of 26 residues. This precursor appears to be generated from the primary
      translation product by cleavage of a hydrophobic signal peptide and is the
      probable substrate for gamma-carboxylation by virtue of its accumulation in the
      presence of warfarin. The putative targeting region for gamma-carboxylation
      previously identified in the leader sequences of vitamin K-dependent proteins is
      found in the propeptide portion of the precursor. Since the immunoreactive
      component secreted by warfarin-treated cells is identical in sequence to the 6000
      Da BGP from bone, propeptide cleavage from the precursor is independent of gamma
      carboxylation and precedes secretion of BGP from the cell.

PMID- 3877052
TI  - Cyclosporine augments receptor-mediated cellular Ca2+ fluxes in isolated
      hepatocytes.
AB  - The immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporine, has been found to augment receptor
      stimulated calcium fluxes in isolated hepatocytes. After treatment of Quin 2
      loaded hepatocytes with cyclosporine, both the amplitude and duration of the
      vasopressin-induced rise in the cytosolic free Ca2+ are increased. These effects
      are dependent upon the concentration and time of exposure of the cells to
      cyclosporine. Cyclosporine increases both 45Ca2+ influx across the plasma
      membrane and the cellular calcium content. The total cellular magnesium, sodium,
      and potassium contents are not affected by cyclosporine. However, cyclosporine
      treatment, per se, has no apparent effect on the cytosolic free Ca2+
      concentration as assayed by Quin 2 fluorescence. The increase in total cell
      calcium is associated with progressive increases in the calcium content of the
      endoplasmic reticular and mitochondrial calcium pools. The vasopressin-induced
      net efflux of Ca2+ from hepatocytes was 2-fold greater after treatment with 10
      micrograms/ml cyclosporine for 10 min, but the lag time prior to the onset of
      Ca2+ efflux was not affected. These results are interpreted on the basis of
      cyclosporine having a primary effect on increasing the permeability of the plasma
      membrane to Ca2+, thereby leading to an increase of the calcium content of the
      hormone-sensitive intracellular calcium pool.

PMID- 3877053
TI  - Characterization of human blood coagulation factor XII cDNA. Prediction of the
      primary structure of factor XII and the tertiary structure of beta-factor XIIa.
AB  - A human liver cDNA library was screened by colony hybridization with two mixtures
      of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides as probes. These oligonucleotides encoded
      regions of beta-factor XIIa as predicted from the amino acid sequence. Four
      positive clones were isolated that contained DNA coding for most of factor XII
      mRNA. DNA sequence analysis of these overlapping clones showed that they
      contained DNA coding for part of an amino-terminal extension, the complete amino
      acid sequence of plasma factor XII, a TGA stop codon, a 3' untranslated region of
      150 nucleotides, and a poly(A)+ tail. The cDNA sequence predicts that plasma
      factor XII consists of 596 amino acid residues. Within the predicted amino acid
      sequence of factor XII, we have identified three peptide bonds that are cleaved
      by kallikrein during the formation of beta-factor XIIa. Comparison of the
      structure of factor XII with other proteins revealed extensive sequence identity
      with regions of tissue-type plasminogen activator (the epidermal growth factor
      like region and the kringle region) and fibronectin (type I and type II
      homologies). As the type II region of fibronectin contains a collagen-binding
      site, the homologous region in factor XII may be responsible for the binding of
      factor XII to collagen. The carboxyl-terminal region of factor XII shares
      considerable amino acid sequence homology with other serine proteases including
      trypsin and many clotting factors. A preliminary structural model of beta-factor
      XIIa is proposed based on the known high resolution x-ray diffraction structures
      of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase.

PMID- 3877054
TI  - Nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor induce rapid transient changes in
      proto-oncogene transcription in PC12 cells.
AB  - Nerve growth factor (NGF) promotes neuronal differentiation of PC12
      pheochromocytoma cells. We show here that within 5 min after its addition, NGF
      transiently stimulates c-fos proto-oncogene and actin transcription by greater
      than 100-fold in nonsynchronized PC12 cells. c-myc and ornithine decarboxylase
      transcription are also transiently activated, but more slowly. The corresponding
      mRNAs are induced as well. Two weeks' exposure to NGF causes no significant
      changes in the transcription of these and a variety of other genes analyzed;
      however, c-fos mRNA levels are increased severalfold under these conditions.
      Neuronally differentiated PC12 cells retain the capacity for rapid
      transcriptional responses. Removal of NGF from such cells for several hours
      followed by its readdition results in rapid induction of c-fos and actin
      transcription. These NGF-promoted transcriptional changes in PC12 cells are
      similar to those previously observed in quiescent fibroblasts stimulated by
      platelet-derived growth factor (Greenberg, M.E., and Ziff, E.B. (1984) Nature
      311, 433-438). This rapid transcriptional activation in PC12 cells could be
      necessary for neuronal differentiation, but is apparently not sufficient since
      diverse agents without differentiating activity such as epidermal growth factor,
      insulin, dibutyryl cAMP, phorbol ester, and elevated K+ were also found to induce
      transcription. These results suggest that c-fos, c-myc, and actin induction may
      be general nuclear responses to growth or differentiation factors in a variety of
      different cell types.

PMID- 3877055
TI  - Temperature and nucleotide dependence of calcium release by myo-inositol 1,4,5
      trisphosphate in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) rapidly increased 45Ca2+ efflux from a
      nonmitochondrial organelle in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells that were
      permeabilized with saponin. A nucleotide, preferably ATP, was essential for IP3
      evoked 45Ca2+ release. Two nonhydrolyzable ATP analogues satisfied the nucleotide
      requirement for IP3-evoked 45Ca2+ release. IP3 strongly stimulated 45Ca2+ efflux
      at low temperatures (1 to 15 degrees C). Decreasing the temperature from 37 to 4
      degrees C inhibited the rate of IP3-stimulated efflux by only about 33%. The
      failure of such low temperatures to strongly inhibit IP3-induced 45Ca2+ efflux
      suggests that IP3 activated a Ca2+ channel, rather than a carrier, by a ligand
      binding, rather than a metabolic, reaction.

PMID- 3877056
TI  - NAD-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase is expressed by immortal
      cells.
AB  - An enzyme activity not detected in normal cells is expressed in embryonic,
      undifferentiated, or transformed cells. Twenty-one established mammalian cell
      lines, both tumorigenic and nontumorigenic, were found to have an NAD-dependent
      methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (Scrimgeour, K.G., and Huennekens, F.M.
      (1960) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2, 230-233) in addition to the well
      characterized NADP-specific activity. The NAD-dehydrogenase in cell extracts can
      be separated from the NADP activity by column chromatography. Normal adult
      tissues including brain, heart, skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney contain the
      NADP but not the NAD activity. Only normal tissues which contain differentiating
      cells such as bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and embryonic liver contain the NAD
      activity. The distribution of the NAD enzyme suggests that it could be useful as
      an oncodevelopmental marker. Its physiological role is unknown, but it is
      proposed that it promotes purine synthesis and perhaps contributes to the
      methionine dependence and rapid growth observed for many established lines.

PMID- 3877057
TI  - The biosynthesis of rat transferrin. Evidence for rapid glycosylation, disulfide
      bond formation, and tertiary folding.
AB  - The transit time of newly synthesized transferrin in the liver is markedly longer
      than that of albumin. We sought to learn the basis of this difference by the use
      of labeled leucine and mannose in vivo and by isolation of newly formed
      transferrin from rough microsomes of rat liver. Albumin and alpha 1-antitrypsin,
      a second glycoprotein, were also studied for comparison. Minimal hepatic transit
      times were 17, 23, and 31 min for albumin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and transferrin,
      respectively. The delay in the case of transferrin was found to occur chiefly in
      the rough endoplasmic reticulum and to be paralleled by an increase in the amount
      of transferrin relative to albumin in that organelle. Initial glycosylation of
      transferrin was as rapid as that of alpha 1-antitrypsin, and essentially all of
      the transferrin in the rough endoplasmic reticulum contained glycans which bound
      to concanavalin A and were removed by endoglycosidase H. Only 3% of the
      transferrin isolated from the rough microsomes came from the plasma by
      endocytosis or adsorption. Rapidity of disulfide bond formation in rough
      microsomes was evident from the presence of only 1.3 cysteine thiols/molecule of
      rough microsomal transferrin (total of 19 cystines) and the absence of mixed
      disulfides. Peptide patterns upon mild proteolysis were consistent with a native
      configuration of disulfide bond pairing. The ability of rough microsomal
      transferrin to bind and deliver iron through interaction with transferrin
      receptors on reticulocytes suggests that considerable tertiary structure is
      present. Thus, initial glycosylation, disulfide bridging, and tertiary folding
      are all rapid processes. The cause for the slow release of transferrin from the
      rough endoplasmic reticulum may lie with a rate-limiting transfer mechanism.

PMID- 3877058
TI  - Differential response of normal rat mammary epithelial cells to mammogenic
      hormones and EGF.
AB  - A simple dissociation procedure and the collagen gel culture system have been
      utilized to determine the effects of mammogenic hormones and epidermal growth
      factor (EGF) on the proliferation of normal rat mammary epithelial (RME) cells in
      serum-free culture. Epithelial fragments, isolated from normal virgin F344 rat
      mammary glands by enzyme digestion followed by Percoll density gradient
      centrifugation, were embedded within a rat tail collagen matrix. A three- to four
      fold increase in cell number was observed when ovine prolactin (PRL) and
      progesterone (P) were present in the basal medium during 7 days of culture. Mouse
      EGF stimulated one cell doubling during the same culture period. Isolated mammary
      organoids produced a 'stellate' type colony when PRL + P were present in the
      culture medium. These colonies were composed of small, tightly packed cuboidal
      cells. The addition of EGF to the basal medium produced a diffuse 'basket' type
      colony which was composed of large, elongate cells. When the complete hormonal
      and growth factor combination (PRL + P + EGF) was present, a 'mixed' type colony
      was observed which contained both the large and small epithelial cell types.
      Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that both the cuboidal and elongate cells
      present in the two colony types stained with antibodies to keratin indicating
      that these cells were epithelial in nature. The small cuboidal cells also
      expressed thioesterase II and alpha-lactalbumin, both specific for secretory
      mammary epithelial cells. The large, elongate cell type, however, was positive
      for actin but did not stain for either secretory epithelial specific marker. The
      results reported here suggest that normal rat mammary tissue may contain two
      epithelial populations, one which responds to PRL + P and the other which
      responds to EGF.

PMID- 3877059
TI  - Chloroquine allows the secretion of internalized 125I-epidermal growth factor
      from fibroblasts.
AB  - Incubation of cells with labelled hormone in the presence of the lysosomotropic
      agent chloroquine produces an enhanced intracellular accumulation of hormone and
      receptor. Using a pulse-chase paradigm in which cell surface receptors were
      labelled with 125I-EGF at 4 degrees C, it was found that when 100 microM
      chloroquine was present in the 37 degrees C chase medium intact hormone was
      accumulated in the medium. Without chloroquine, low molecular weight (mw)
      degradation products were found in the medium. The processes of receptor-mediated
      endocytosis and subcellular distribution of 125I-EGF-receptor complexes were
      unchanged by chloroquine. The source of the intact hormone accumulating in the
      medium was therefore an intracellular compartment(s). The 125I-EGF released from
      the cells could rebind to surface receptors and be re-internalized; rebinding was
      inhibited by unlabelled EGF or Concanavalin A in the incubation medium. The
      concentration of unlabelled EGF required to inhibit rebinding was more than three
      orders of magnitude greater than the amount of 125I-EGF whose rebinding was
      inhibited. Thus, the 125I-EGF released from intracellular sites was rebound
      preferentially over exogenous EGF. The possible pathways for secretion of intact
      125I-EGF and mechanisms of its preferential rebinding are discussed.

PMID- 3877060
TI  - Adenosine uptake, transport, and metabolism in human erythrocytes.
AB  - Using rapid kinetic techniques, we have determined the kinetics of zero-trans
      influx and equilibrium exchange of adenosine, and its uptake and in situ
      phosphorylation at 25 degrees C in human erythrocytes which were pretreated with
      2'-deoxycoformycin to inhibit deamination of adenosine. Both the Km and Vmax for
      adenosine transport were about 300 times higher than those for the in situ
      phosphorylation of adenosine (Km about 0.2 microM), so that the first order rate
      constants for both processes were about the same. In contrast, the first order
      rate constant for adenosine deamination by untreated, intact cells was about 20%
      of that of adenosine transport or phosphorylation. These kinetic properties of
      the various steps, in combination with substrate inhibition of adenosine
      phosphorylation above 1 microM adenosine, assure that, at extracellular
      concentrations of physiological relevance (less than 1 microM), adenosine is very
      rapidly and efficiently salvaged by the erythrocytes and converted to ATP,
      whereas at extracellular concentrations of 10 microM or higher, practically all
      adenosine transported into the cells is deaminated. When the concentration of
      adenosine was 0.1 microM, a 10% (v/v) suspension of erythrocytes depleted the
      extracellular fluid of adenosine within 1 min of incubation at 25 degrees C.

PMID- 3877061
TI  - Subcellular localization of histone messenger RNAs on cytoskeleton-associated
      free polysomes in HeLa S3 cells.
AB  - We have examined the subcellular distribution of histone mRNA-containing
      polysomes in HeLa S3 cells to assess the possible relationship between
      localization of histone mRNAs and the regulation of cellular histone mRNA levels.
      The distribution of histone mRNAs on free and membrane bound polysomes was
      examined as well as the association of histone mRNA-containing polysomes with the
      cytoskeleton. The subcellular localization of histone mRNAs was compared with
      that of HLA-B7 mRNAs which encode a cell surface antigen. Histone mRNAs were
      localized predominantly on the free polysomes, whereas the HLA-B7 mRNA was found
      almost exclusively on membrane bound polysomes. However, both species of mRNA
      were found associated with the cytoskeleton. Interruption of DNA synthesis by
      hydroxyurea treatment resulted in a rapid and selective destabilization of
      histone mRNAs in each subcellular fraction; in contrast, the stability of HLA-B7
      mRNA appeared unaffected. The results presented confirm that histone mRNAs are
      predominantly located on non-membrane bound polysomes and suggest that these
      polysomes are associated with the cytoskeletal framework.

PMID- 3877062
TI  - A pathway of coagulation on endothelial cells.
AB  - Although the endothelial cell is considered antithrombogenic, endothelium has
      recently been shown to participate in procoagulant reactions. Factor IX bound to
      specific endothelial cell sites can be activated by the intrinsic and extrinsic
      pathways of coagulation. Perturbation of endothelium results in induction of
      tissue factor which promotes factor VIIa-mediated activation of factors IX and X,
      thus initiating procoagulant events on the endothelial surface. Cell bound factor
      IXa, in the presence of factor VIII, promotes activation of factor X. The factor
      Xa formed can interact with endothelial cell factor V/Va, resulting in
      prothrombin activation. Thrombin then cleaves fibrinogen and a fibrin clot
      closely associated with the endothelial cell forms. The perturbed endothelial
      cell thus provides a focus of localized procoagulant events. This model suggests
      a simple endothelial-cell-dependent mechanism for initiation of coagulation at
      the site of an injured or pathological vessel.

PMID- 3877063
TI  - Invasiveness in studies of brain function by positron emission tomography (PET).

PMID- 3877064
TI  - A spatial analysis of the blood-brain barrier damage in experimental allergic
      encephalomyelitis.
AB  - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis was induced in young male Lewis rats.
      Following the development of neurological signs, the local distribution of
      perivascular inflammatory cellular infiltrates and the local blood-to-tissue
      transfer constants (K1) of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) were determined, and
      these results were compared. Perivascular infiltrative lesions were generally
      found near areas of the CNS that normally lack an effective blood-brain barrier
      (BBB) such as the choroid plexus and the entry zones of the cranial and spinal
      nerve roots. This distribution pattern indicates that the entry of the causative
      agent into CNS tissue may be by way of the permeable microvessels of these
      structures. In tissue around inflamed veins, the mean transfer constant was
      slightly but significantly increased (2.8 +/- 1.5 microliter g-1 min-1) compared
      with uninvolved regions (0.9 +/- 0.2 microliter g-1 min-1) and similar areas in
      control animals (0.9 +/- 0.3 microliter g-1 min-1). Analysis of the
      autoradiographic method of determining transfer constants suggested that the AIB
      influx rate in the lesion areas may actually be manyfold larger than measured,
      that BBB permeability may be greatly increased at such sites, and that the areas
      of lymphocytic infiltration and increased K values may be virtually identical.

PMID- 3877065
TI  - Cerebral blood flow with the continuous infusion of oxygen-15-labeled water.
AB  - This work describes the determination of CBF in eight normal human subjects with
      positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging using the continuous intravenous
      infusion of H2(15)O. A whole-brain CBF model is described that permits the
      comparison of the CBF values determined using PET with those obtained using other
      methods. This model includes a correction for whole-brain recovery coefficient, a
      correction for the underestimation of flow due to the nonlinearity of the CBF
      model when considering tissue that includes both gray and white matter, the use
      of in vitro-determined brain-blood partition coefficients for gray and white
      matter, and a variation of the equilibrium model that permits the arterial
      concentration to vary. CBF values using this method compare well with values
      determined previously. Regional determinations using a brain overlay atlas are
      presented. Radiation dosimetry for the continuous infusion of H2(15)O is also
      included.

PMID- 3877066
TI  - Analysis of some errors in the measurement of oxygen extraction and oxygen
      consumption by the equilibrium inhalation method.
AB  - Some sources of error in the equilibrium inhalation method for the measurement of
      oxygen extraction fraction and CMRO2 by positron emission computed tomography
      scanning have been evaluated by computer simulation. Emphasis has been placed on
      errors that have not been thoroughly studied in past work. These include effects
      of random statistical errors, systematic errors in arterial blood radioactivity
      concentrations, and errors due to perturbations of the equilibrium state, to
      tissue inhomogeneity, and to subject motion.

PMID- 3877067
TI  - Cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen requirements for
      cerebral function and viability in humans.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the minimum CBF and CMRO2 required by the
      human brain to maintain normal function and viability for more than a few hours.
      Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to perform regional measurements in
      50 subjects with varying degrees of cerebral ischemia but no evidence of
      infarction. There were 24 normal subjects, 24 subjects with arteriographic
      evidence of vascular disease of the carotid system, and two subjects with
      reversible ischemic neurological deficits due to cerebral vasospasm. Minimum
      values found in the 48 subjects with normal neurological function were 19 ml/100
      g-min for regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and 1.3 ml/100 g-min for regional
      cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (rCMRO2). Minimum values for all 50 subjects
      with viable cerebral tissue were 15 ml/100 g-min for rCBF and 1.3 ml/100 g-min
      for rCMRO2. Comparison of these measurements with values from 20 areas of
      established cerebral infarction in 10 subjects demonstrated that 80% (16/20) of
      infarcted regions had rCMRO2 values below the lower normal limit of 1.3 ml/100 g
      min. Measurements of rCBF, regional cerebral blood volume, and oxygen extraction
      fraction were less useful for distinguishing viable from infarcted tissue. These
      data indicate that quantitative regional measurements of rCMRO2 with PET
      accurately distinguish viable from nonviable cerebral tissue and may be useful in
      the prospective identification of patients with reversible ischemia.

PMID- 3877068
TI  - Tomographic cerebral blood flow calculation.

PMID- 3877069
TI  - Adenosine and hypoxic vasodilatation.

PMID- 3877070
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of antipyretics on chemically modified
      porous glass.
AB  - An octadecylsilyl porous glass was prepared and used as the packing for reversed
      phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Five antipyretic drugs (aspirin,
      caffeine, guaiacol glycerol ether, 3-hydroxy-p-butyrophenetidine, and phenacetin)
      were separated in 2 min with a mobile phase of 20% acetonitrile at a flow-rate of
      3.0 ml/min. A pharmaceutical preparation, containing aspirin, phenacetin,
      caffeine and chlorpheniramine maleate was analysed in 2 min with a mobile phase
      of acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (20:79:1). The packing seems promising for the
      rapid analysis of pharmaceuticals and biomedical compounds.

PMID- 3877071
TI  - Analysis of antipyretics by semimicro liquid chromatography.
AB  - Using semimicro columns (150 X 1 mm I.D.) of octadecyl silica and styrene
      divinylbenzene porous polymer, antipyretic drugs were analyzed by means of high
      performance liquid chromatography. The antipyretics studied were sulpyrin,
      caffeine, guaiacol glycerol ether, acetaminophen, 3-hydroxy-p-butyrophenetidine,
      methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, phenacetin, mefenamic acid, aspirin, salicylamide,
      salicylic acid, o-ethoxybenzamide, theobromine, theophylline and their
      preparations. The semimicro columns are economical in solvents in chromatographic
      analysis.

PMID- 3877072
TI  - Plasma cholesterol response to a change in dietary fat intake: a collaborative
      twin study.
AB  - The rise of plasma cholesterol in response to an increase from 8 to 22.3% in
      saturated fatty acid of total intake was studied by comparing the concordance of
      change in pairs of young English and Italian monozygotic (33 pairs) and dizygotic
      (22 pairs) twins. LDL and total cholesterol rose about 0.6 mmol/l. All methods of
      analyses showed a marked genetic component influencing total and LDL cholesterol
      level. However, the genetic component of the increase in LDL and total
      cholesterol levels was small in Italy and absent in England. These results
      suggest that the response of plasma cholesterol to this dietary change is largely
      determined by environmental factors rather than inheritance.

PMID- 3877073
TI  - Immunologic studies in patients with chyluria.
AB  - Patients with chyluria, postoperative chylothorax, or surgical thoracic duct
      drainage are depleted of lymphocytes, IgA, and C3 as a result of the loss of
      lymphatic cellular and humoral elements, but the specific defects have not been
      well characterized. Therefore, we investigated the immunologic status of three
      patients with longstanding chyluria who were lymphopenic but did not have
      evidence of opportunistic infections. All patients had normal levels of
      immunoglobulins except for a moderate decrease in the IgA fraction, a normal
      antibody response to viral agents, and a normal hypersensitivity response to at
      least one of six recall antigens. Their complement levels were essentially
      normal. All were leukopenic because of decreased numbers of circulating
      lymphocytes. Two had depressed relative and absolute numbers of OKT4
      (helper/inducer) T cells and normal or increased relative numbers of OKT8
      (cytotoxic/suppressor) T cells, resulting in a marked reversal of the OKT4 to
      OKT8 ratio. The third was severely depleted of both OKT4 and OKT8 cells. The
      response of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mitogen stimulation was
      reduced, but they all had normal or increased absolute and relative numbers of
      natural killer (NK) cells as defined by HNK-1 or OKM-1. Their NK activity was
      less than that of normal controls unless stimulated by interferon, suggesting
      that many of the NK cells were immature. Normal delayed hypersensitivity, reduced
      but effective mitogen stimulation, and a normal NK response after interferon may
      be factors that protect these patients against opportunistic infections and
      neoplasms.

PMID- 3877074
TI  - Comparison of outer membrane protein and biochemical profiles of Haemophilus
      aegyptius and Haemophilus influenzae biotype III.
AB  - Haemophilus aegyptius and Haemophilus influenzae biotype III are morphologically
      and biochemically similar; however, their outer membrane protein (Sarkosyl
      insoluble) profiles are distinct. Of 18 strains of H. aegyptius examined, 15 had
      a type 1 protein profile, and 3 had a type 2 profile, whereas the 5 strains of H.
      influenzae biotype III examined had three other protein profile types. All
      Haemophilus strains examined had 31- and 76-kilodalton (kDa) proteins and minor
      proteins with molecular masses between 20 and 100 kDa. H. aegyptius, with a type
      1 protein profile, had major outer membrane proteins with apparent molecular
      masses of 27, 35.5, and 41.5 kDa, and H. aegyptius, with a type 2 protein
      profile, had 26-, 29-, 39.5-, and 41-kDa proteins. The type strain of H.
      influenzae biotype III had three major outer membrane proteins with apparent
      molecular masses of 29, 38.5 and 40 kDa. Four other strains designated as H.
      influenzae biotype III had major outer membrane proteins between 27 and 41.5 kDa
      representing two additional protein profiles.

PMID- 3877075
TI  - Clinically significant cross-reactions with counterimmunoelectrophoresis between
      pneumococcus type 6 and Haemophilus influenzae type b.
AB  - Biologically and clinically significant cross-reactions may occur between the
      immunochemically similar capsule antigens of Haemophilus influenzae type b and
      Streptococcus pneumoniae type 6 by using counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). In
      three cases of culture-proven S. pneumoniae type 6 disease, a false-positive H.
      influenzae type b CIE result was detected in a body fluid. Two of three cases
      were also positive when tested by CIE with pneumococcal omnisera. However, in one
      of the culture-proven cases of pneumococcal type 6 disease, the omniserum was
      negative and only the burro 132 H. influenzae type b antiserum demonstrated a
      positive precipitant reaction. In addition to the three case isolates, we
      evaluated nine blood or cerebrospinal fluid isolates of pneumococcus type 6,
      using a variety of both species- and type-specific antisera, by CIE. Two burro
      antisera detected 12 of 12 (100%) of the S. pneumoniae type 6 strains. A rabbit
      H. influenzae type b antiserum did not detect any (0 of 12; 0%) of the S.
      pneumoniae type 6 strains evaluated. All (12 of 12; 100%) of the S. pneumoniae
      type 6 strains were detected with both rabbit omniserum (S. pneumoniae) and
      rabbit type 6 antiserum. Our data illustrate the importance of being aware of the
      immunologic cross-reactivity of the H. influenzae type b capsule with the
      pneumococcus type 6 capsule and the possibility of false-positive results with
      CIE when patient specimens are interpreted.

PMID- 3877076
TI  - Comparison of the Du Pont Isolator 1.5 Microbial Tube and Trypticase soy broth
      for the recovery of Haemophilus influenzae type b in experimental bacteremia.
AB  - The isolator 1.5 Microbial Tube (E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.,
      Wilmington, Del.) is a new blood culture system for detection of bacteremia in
      children which involves lysis of blood cells and direct plating of blood lysate
      on agar media. Haemophilus influenzae type b is a major pediatric pathogen and
      may be associated with low-density bacteremia (less than or equal to 50 CFU per
      ml), yet the clinical data on the efficacy of this system for recovery of H.
      influenzae b are limited. We used a rat model of H. influenzae b bacteremia and
      fresh, whole human blood inoculated in vitro with H. influenzae b to compare the
      1.5 Microbial Tube and conventional Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology
      Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) for the detection of low-density H. influenzae b
      bacteremia. There was a significantly lower recovery of H. influenzae b from
      blood of bacteremic rats and from in vitro-inoculated human blood by using the
      1.5 Microbial Tube than by using Trypticase soy broth. Studies on the mechanism
      of this lower recovery suggested that the contents of the 1.5 Microbial Tube are
      toxic to H. influenzae b in the presence of human blood. Additional clinical data
      are necessary before the 1.5 Microbial Tube can be recommended for detection of
      low-density H. influenzae b bacteremia.

PMID- 3877077
TI  - Chemotactic peptide activation of human neutrophils and HL-60 cells. Pertussis
      toxin reveals correlation between inositol trisphosphate generation, calcium ion
      transients, and cellular activation.
AB  - The mechanism of neutrophil activation by the chemotactic peptide formyl
      methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) has been studied by pretreatment of human
      neutrophils with pertussis toxin. Upon stimulation with FMLP, the cytosolic-free
      calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i, is increased both by stimulation of calcium
      influx and mobilization of cellular calcium. We have measured [Ca2+]i as well as
      the generation of the phospholipid breakdown product inositol trisphosphate
      (IP3), which is thought to mediate Ca2+ mobilization. As the phosphoinositide
      pool in human neutrophils is difficult to prelabel with [3H]myoinositol,
      experiments were also carried out in the cultured human promyelocytic leukemia
      cell line HL-60 after differentiation with dimethylsulfoxide. Pertussis toxin
      pretreatment of both cell types inhibited FMLP stimulated membrane
      depolarization, exocytosis, and superoxide production in a dose-dependent manner.
      This toxin effect was selective for the receptor agonist, since stimulation of
      these parameters by two substances bypassing the transduction mechanism, the
      calcium ionophore ionomycin and the phorbolester phorbol myristate acetate, were
      unaffected. Rises in [Ca2+]i, as well as generation of IP3 in response to FMLP,
      were inhibited in parallel; for the inhibition of functional responses, slightly
      lower toxin concentrations were required. The attentuation of the [Ca2+]i rise
      was more marked in the absence of extracellular calcium, i.e., when the rise is
      due only to calcium mobilization. The results provide evidence that phospholipase
      C stimulation by FMLP resulting in IP3 generation is involved in the signal
      transduction mechanism. Coupling of FMLP receptor occupancy to phospholipase C
      activation is sensitive to pertussis toxin, suggesting the involvement of a GTP
      binding protein (N protein), which has been shown to be a pertussis toxin
      substrate. The parallel changes in [Ca2+]i and IP3 further support the hypothesis
      that IP3 is the calcium-mobilizing mediator in FMLP-activated cells.

PMID- 3877078
TI  - Interleukin 1 acts on cultured human vascular endothelium to increase the
      adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, and related leukocyte cell
      lines.
AB  - Increased leukocyte adhesion to the endothelial lining of blood vessels is an
      essential event in inflammation and the pathogenesis of certain vascular
      diseases. We have studied the effect of interleukin 1 (IL-1), an
      inflammatory/immune mediator, on endothelial-leukocyte adhesion using
      quantitative in vitro assays. Selective pretreatment of cultured human umbilical
      vein endothelial monolayers with IL-1 (5 U/ml, 4 h) resulted in an 18.3 +/- 2.6
      fold increase in human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)
      adhesion (mean +/- SEM, n = 16) and a 2.6 +/- 0.3-fold increase in monocyte
      adhesion (n = 7) over basal levels. IL-1-treated endothelial monolayers also
      supported increased adhesion of the promyelocytic cell line HL-60 and the
      monocytelike cell line U937 (33.0 +/- 6.0-fold, n = 6 and 4.9 +/- 0.5-fold, n =
      15, respectively). In contrast, selective IL-1 pretreatment of leukocytes, or the
      addition of IL-1 during the adhesion assay, did not alter endothelial-leukocyte
      adhesion. Conditioned medium from IL-1-treated endothelial cultures also did not
      promote leukocyte adhesion to untreated monolayers. IL-1 induction of endothelial
      adhesivity was concentration dependent (maximum, 10 U/ml), time dependent (peak,
      4-6 h), and reversible, was blocked by cycloheximide (10 micrograms/ml) or
      actinomycin D (5 micrograms/ml) but not by acetylsalicylic acid (100 microM), and
      occurred without detectable endothelial cell damage. IL-1 treatment of SV40
      transformed human endothelial cells and dermal fibroblasts did not increase their
      adhesivity for leukocytes. These data suggest that IL-1 can act selectively on
      human vascular endothelium to increase its adhesivity for circulating blood
      leukocytes, and thus to localize leukocyte-vessel wall interactions at sites of
      inflammation in vivo.

PMID- 3877079
TI  - Human transforming growth factor-alpha stimulates bone resorption in vitro.
AB  - Tumor-derived transforming growth factors (TGF) have been proposed as possible
      mediators of hypercalcemia in malignancy. We have studied the action of
      recombinant human TGF-alpha in cultured bone cells and in bone explant cultures.
      In clonal UMR-106 rat osteosarcoma cells, TGF-alpha and epidermal growth factor
      (EGF) were equipotent in binding to the EGF receptor. TGF-alpha and EGF both
      stimulated resorption of neonatal mouse calvaria, and maximal responses were
      obtained with 10 ng/ml of TGF-alpha after 72 h in culture. The effects of both
      TGF-alpha and EGF in calvaria, but not those of parathyroid hormone, were
      inhibited by 5 X 10(-7) M indomethacin. Fetal rat limb bone cultures were less
      sensitive to TGF-alpha than neonatal mouse calvaria, with a concentration of 30
      ng/ml being required to stimulate resorption in this system. The bone-resorbing
      activity of TGF-alpha in fetal rat bones was inhibited by 10 ng/ml calcitonin but
      not by 5 X 10(-7) M indomethacin. EGF at concentrations up to 300 ng/ml did not
      stimulate resorption of the limb bones at time periods up to 66 h. The results
      indicate that human TGF-alpha is a potent bone-resorbing agent, and support the
      concept that this growth factor exhibits some effects distinct from those of EGF.
      TGF-alpha could play an etiologic role in the hypercalcemia of malignancy.

PMID- 3877080
TI  - Unusually high incidence of tuberculosis among boys with haemophilia during an
      outbreak of the disease in hospital.
AB  - Of 30 children with bleeding disorders exposed to an index tuberculosis case, six
      developed primary pulmonary tuberculosis and two others became positive skin
      reactors. There was a significant correlation between the amount of replacement
      treatment received and the development of evidence of tuberculous infection. Only
      two of those who developed evidence of tuberculosis had antibodies to the human T
      cell lymphotropic virus. These two boys showed much later Mantoux positive
      conversion than the six others.

PMID- 3877081
TI  - Cutaneous manifestations of serum sickness in patients receiving antithymocyte
      globulin.
AB  - We have prospectively evaluated the cutaneous manifestations of serum sickness in
      thirty-five patients treated with horse antithymocyte globulin for bone marrow
      failure. Twenty-one patients (21/35) were treated with antithymocyte globulin (15
      mg/kg/day) for 10 days, and fourteen of thirty-five patients were treated with
      antithymocyte globulin (15 mg/kg/day) for 14 days and then every other day for an
      additional 14 days. Clinical evidence of serum sickness developed in thirty
      patients and included fever and malaise (100%), cutaneous eruptions (93%),
      arthralgias and myalgias (67%), gastrointestinal complaints (67%), and
      lymphadenopathy (13%). Cutaneous findings consisted of morbilliform eruptions (n
      = 19), urticaria (n = 1), or a combination of these two reaction patterns (n =
      8). Cutaneous manifestations of serum sickness began on day 7 +/- 1 and lasted
      for 12 +/- 2 days for the group as a whole. Biopsies of lesional skin revealed
      mild perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrates by light microscopy in these
      leukopenic patients. Direct immunofluorescence microscopy of lesional skin from
      patients with serum sickness demonstrated immunoreactants in seven of nine
      subjects (78%). Immunoreactants were confined to the walls of dermal blood
      vessels and consisted of IgM (7/9), C3 (6/9), IgE (5/9), and IgA (4/9). IgG
      (horse or human) was not identified in any of these specimens. Twenty-one
      patients (21/28) also developed an erythematous eruption on the sides of the
      fingers, toes, palms, and soles 12 to 48 hours prior to their morbilliform
      eruption. This study describes the cutaneous manifestations of human serum
      sickness occurring during therapy with horse antithymocyte globulin, documents a
      cutaneous sign of serum sickness, and suggests that the cutaneous eruptions
      associated with human serum sickness are immunologically mediated.

PMID- 3877082
TI  - Histiocytosis X: a seven-year experience at a children's hospital.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with histiocytosis X were evaluated and treated at Children's
      Memorial Hospital, Chicago, during the years 1978 to 1984. Twelve patients (38%)
      had solitary or multifocal bone lesions, three (9%) had bone lesions and diabetes
      insipidus, and seventeen (53%) had cutaneous and/or multisystem involvement. Age
      at diagnosis ranged from 2 days to 15 years. Fifteen patients were 2 years of age
      or younger at the time of diagnosis. Sixteen patients (50%) had skin infiltrates,
      of whom seven (43%) had cutaneous lesions documented at birth. Cutaneous lesions
      included vesicopustules, erythematous papules, nodules, eczematous dermatitis,
      granulomatous ulcerative lesions, petechiae, and hemorrhagic lesions. Xanthomas
      and nail dystrophy were not observed. The therapeutic regimen chosen was based on
      extent of involvement and location of infiltrates. Only two of the thirty-two
      patients died; both had multisystem disease.

PMID- 3877083
TI  - Nail pathology in histiocytosis X.

PMID- 3877084
TI  - MR imaging and positron emission tomography of cortical heterotopia.
AB  - Heterotopia of the gray matter is a developmental malformation in which ectopic
      cortex is found in the white matter of the brain. A case of a 33-year-old man
      with cortical heterotopia who had a lifelong history of seizures and psychomotor
      retardation is reported, including the results of cerebral CT, magnetic resonance
      imaging, and positron emission tomography using 18F-2-deoxyglucose.

PMID- 3877085
TI  - Depression in children: prevalence and correlates.

PMID- 3877086
TI  - Behavioral audiograms of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and the green tree frog
      (Hyla cinerea).
AB  - Reflex modification was used in a psychophysical technique to measure absolute
      auditory sensitivity of two species of anurans. Behavioral audiograms for these
      animals reveal that the bullfrog can detect sounds from 100 Hz to 3.2 kHz and the
      green tree frog from 100 Hz to 5 kHz. The shape and the sensitivity of these
      behavioral audiograms are similar to those of neural evoked-response audiograms
      of these animals. Absolute auditory sensitivity of anurans is only partially
      related to the spectral composition of their species-specific vocalizations.

PMID- 3877087
TI  - Sunscreen protection for lip mucosa: a review and update.
AB  - It has been stated that the key to prevention of oral cancer is to avoid the
      "five Ss: smoking, spirits, spices, sepsis, and syphilis." There is certainly
      enough evidence to add another "S"--sunlight. Although there is a paucity of
      information in the dental literature on the use of sunscreens, the following
      dermatologic recommendation is noteworthy: "Persons with Skin Types I and II
      should never sunbathe and should adopt a program of daily application of
      effective sunscreens (SPF 15) as a habit and from an early age--in much the same
      manner as daily brushing of the teeth is adopted to prevent dental caries." The
      dentist should advise patients at high risk for squamous cell carcinoma and those
      with recurrent herpes labialis to use a sunscreen for the lips of at least SPF
      15. The best sunscreen formulation at the present time is a combination of either
      PABA or an ester of PABA along with a benzophenone. A frequent combination seen
      on product labels is Padimate O and oxybenzone. Sunscreens should be used year
      round on the lips with two applications 1 hour before sun exposure, and hourly
      reapplication while in the sun. If the convenience of a "lipstick" product is not
      important to the patient, then a skin product of the liquid or gel type should be
      used. If the appearance is not important, a white opaque cream containing
      titanium dioxide, talc, or zinc oxide may be used as a physical barrier. Women
      may use an opaque lipstick, but should first apply a chemical sunscreen of at
      least SPF 15.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3877088
TI  - The prevalence of visual disorders in a school for emotionally disturbed
      children.
AB  - Data on the prevalence of visual disorders in special populations as well as in
      normal populations is sparse. Fifty-five students in a special education school
      were given a comprehensive screening for pathology, acuity, refractive error,
      fusion, oculomotor, and perceptual motor skills. This group had a very high
      prevalence of visual disorders especially perceptual motor, oculomotor and fusion
      disorders.

PMID- 3877089
TI  - The prevalence of macular drusen in a population of patients with known insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - This paper describes the prevalence rates of macular drusen in a population of
      known insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The prevalence rate was found to be
      higher in the insulin-dependent diabetic than population bases in previous
      studies. There also is a suggestion that the presence of diabetic retinopathy
      does not increase the likelihood of macular drusen but that cardiovascular
      disease and/or hypertension may have a positive effect on the development of
      macular drusen.

PMID- 3877090
TI  - Corneal infiltrates with red eye related to duration of extended wear.
AB  - Seventy-eight patients wearing Bausch & Lomb 03/04 Soflens for extended wear were
      followed for over two years. Corneal infiltrates associated in only 2.7% of
      patients who removed their lenses more often than every five weeks; however, the
      incidence of infiltrates increased to 25% in those wearing their lenses for 5
      weeks without removal. Beyond 5 weeks removal, the incidence averaged 27%.
      Removal, however brief, and cleaning of the lens gets rid of ocular debris
      trapped underneath the lens which, it is speculated, triggers this inflammatory
      response.

PMID- 3877091
TI  - Contrasting mandibular growth and facial development in long face syndrome,
      juvenile rheumatoid polyarthritis, and mandibulofacial dysostosis.
AB  - The complex rotation process of the mandible during growth is elucidated by
      longitudinal roentgencephalometric analyses, using metallic implants as fixed
      references. Contrasting development of face and mandibular shape is described in
      three subjects. In the so-called long face syndrome, development is characterized
      by increasing inclination of the mandible during growth with only moderate
      remodeling. In the subjects with juvenile rheumatoid polyarthritis and
      mandibulofacial dysostosis, the increase in mandibular inclination is moderate.
      However, the mandibular corpus rotates backward to an extreme extent within the
      more stable soft tissue matrix, giving rise to the characteristic development of
      angular notching with an extended angular process at the lower border.

PMID- 3877092
TI  - A morphometric analysis of the craniofacial configuration in achondroplasia.
AB  - Human achondroplasia can be viewed as an experimental model for studying the
      effects of abnormal endochondral bone formation on the development of the skull
      as a whole. In this study, lateral cephalograms of 25 adult males and 26 adult
      females with achondroplasia were converted to a two-dimensional coordinate model
      of craniofacial morphology and analyzed using 66 linear, angular, and area
      variables. Lateral cephalograms of 951 normal adults were used for comparison.
      Two sample t-tests were used to compare achondroplastic cephalograms with normal
      cephalograms. Multivariate statistical analysis included Hotelling's T2 and
      discriminant function analysis. Selected variables were graphed as profile
      patterns in which mean values were expressed as standard deviation units (Z
      scores) relative to the norm. Finally, Calcomp plots were used for visual
      inspection and for comparison of the average cephalometric tracings of male and
      female achondroplastic subjects with normal male and female subjects,
      respectively. Significant findings in achondroplasia included enlarged calvaria,
      frontal bossing, large frontal sinuses, occipital prominence, normal anterior
      cranial base length, strikingly shortened posterior cranial base length, an acute
      cranial base angle, a short nasal bone that was deformed and depressed, short
      upper facial height, recessed maxilla, posterior tilt of the nasal floor, and a
      prognathic mandible that was anteriorly displaced but of normal size with a
      normal gonial angle and a high coronoid process. The finding of normal anterior
      cranial base length in achondroplastic subjects was surprising since the cranial
      base is preformed in cartilage and hypoplasia and shortening would be expected.
      Since the brain is enlarged in achondroplasia, the expanding frontal lobes may
      possibly influence the growth of the anterior cranial base, since it is known to
      follow a neural pattern of growth. Cribriform plate length was strikingly
      reduced, but anterior sphenoidal length was strikingly increased, compensating
      for the shortened cribriform plate length and suggesting that growth in the
      length of the anterior cranial base takes place primarily by adaptation at one
      site--namely, the sphenoethmoidal synchondrosis. Strikingly short posterior
      cranial base length was interpreted as resulting from hypoplasia of bone that is
      preformed in cartilage with possible early closure of the spheno-occipital
      synchondrosis. The exaggerated closure of the cranial base angle in
      achondroplasia may be related to an increased brain size and possibly earlier
      than normal closure of the intersphenoidal synchondrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3877093
TI  - Craniovertebral malformations in hemifacial microsomia.
AB  - There is increasing evidence that hemifacial microsomia (HFM), Goldenhar syndrome
      (GS), and oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia (OAV) are part of a spectrum within a
      single entity. In support of this thesis are the family studies that have
      suggested that isolated microtia (M) may represent the mildest form of the
      condition [Kaye et al, 1979; Rollnick and Kaye, 1983]. Vertebral malformations
      are pathognomonic of OAV, but they have also been described in HFM and GS. In
      this investigation we studied the frequency and type of cervical spine
      malformations in HFM, GS, OAV, and M. Our findings show that the frequency of
      cervical spine malformations in HFM and M was greater than values for a normal
      population. This further supports the probable association between HFM, GS, OAV,
      and M. Fusions were the most prevalent cervical spine malformation encountered.
      The study also included analysis of the cranial base and craniovertebral
      junction.

PMID- 3877094
TI  - The Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: a longitudinal study of the macroglossia and
      dentofacial complex.
AB  - Case reports provide insights into fundamental mechanisms and also assist
      clinicians in treatment of similarly affected patients [Pruzansky, 1976]. The
      present investigation examines the natural history of the macroglossia associated
      with a case of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and its influence on dentofacial
      development. Facial skeletal growth and tongue size were assessed by analyzing
      cephalometric radiographs from age 2 months to 7.5 years. The data were compared
      with cephalometric norms and new normative data derived from 13 patients with
      cleft lip. The major influence of the macroglossia was protrusion of
      dentoalveolar structures, particularly in the lower jaw. This resulted in an
      anterior cross-bite in the primary dentition. In addition, an abnormally obtuse
      gonial angle was observed increasing the effective length of the mandible. Tongue
      size in BWS was generally greater than the norm, but the increase with age
      paralleled the mean growth curve of the tongue in the control. Over time the base
      of the tongue became longer and the hyoid bone moved posteriorly and inferiorly,
      allowing for accommodation of the tongue within the oral cavity. The changes in
      tongue shape and dentofacial morphology support the position that early partial
      glossectomy should be delayed or abandoned. In cases where tongue reduction is
      considered necessary, the new cephalometric normative data on tongue size
      provided herein can be used to establish objective criteria for such surgery.

PMID- 3877095
TI  - Cardiorespiratory disease associated with Hallermann-Streiff syndrome: analysis
      of craniofacial morphology by cephalometric roentgenograms.
AB  - This paper analyzes the craniofacial morphology in a patient with typical
      Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS) who developed symptomatic cardiorespiratory
      deficiency at the age of 48 years. The patient had obstructive sleep apnea (OSA),
      hypoxia, hypercarbia, pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid insufficiency, and right
      ventricular failure. Analysis of cephalometric roentgenograms, done 15 years
      earlier, revealed severe mandibular hypoplasia with marked underdevelopment of
      the ramus and body. The gonial angle was abnormally obtuse. The condylar and
      coronoid processes were reduced in size. The anteroposterior dimension of the
      upper airway was markedly narrowed. Cephalometric roentgenograms of six other HSS
      patients from our clinic were compared to those of the reference patient.
      Considerable variation in the features of the syndrome were noted. None of the
      other patients showed definitive airway obstruction. Comparison was also made
      with cephalometric roentgenograms of a patient with Treacher Collins syndrome and
      of a patient with progeria. The former showed airway obstruction associated with
      a deformed hypoplastic mandible; the latter had an unobstructed airway despite a
      small mandible because of associated hypoplasia of the maxilla and tongue. The
      HSS reference patient improved after oxygen therapy, diuretics, antibiotics, and
      relief of OSA. Patients with HSS, as well as those with Treacher Collins
      syndrome, appear to be at risk for the development of cardiopulmonary disease if
      they have obstructed airways. OSA has been shown to have developed in two
      patients with HSS. The resultant cardiopulmonary insufficiency of such patients
      may be preventable if airway obstruction can be relieved relatively early in
      life.

PMID- 3877096
TI  - Skeletal and functional craniofacial adaptations in plagiocephaly.
AB  - The present report aims to contribute to our understanding of craniofacial
      development in plagiocephaly. A previously unreported dry skull with
      plagiocephaly and two clinical cases with unoperated plagiocephaly are presented.
      The clinical cases were followed longitudinally with roentgencephalometry in
      lateral, frontal, and axial projections. In addition, in one of the cases,
      electromyographic analysis of the temporal, masseter, sternomastoid, and
      trapezius muscles was carried out. The dry skull revealed premature closure of
      the sphenofrontal suture in addition to the coronal suture. Furthermore, severe
      asymmetry of the cranial base and mandible was observed. The clinical cases
      revealed a similar marked asymmetry of the cranial base. Mandibular asymmetry was
      observed to develop in early infancy secondary and compensatory to the primary
      asymmetry of the cranial base. The electromyographic examination revealed that
      the muscles of mastication were less developed on the affected side. Furthermore,
      the analysis of the muscles of the neck would seem to indicate that the patient
      compensated for her cranial base asymmetry and lateral deviation of the orbital
      axis on the affected side by rotating the head to the opposite side to secure
      binocular vision. Based on these findings, it would seem pertinent to consider
      early surgical release of the sutures of the calvaria and cranial base in
      plagiocephaly to prevent asymmetric facial development.

PMID- 3877097
TI  - The degenerative, regenerative mandibular condyle: facial asymmetry.
AB  - Studies of longitudinal cephalometric radiographs are presented for several
      patients with condylar fracture or hemifacial microsomia to illustrate condylar
      regeneration, presumably under functional influences. Implications of new
      condylar development and growth to facial and mandibular symmetry are presented.
      Clinical implications are introduced and the hypothesis of necessity of function
      for maintenance of relative facial symmetry is considered.

PMID- 3877098
TI  - A computerized multi-use craniofacial patient record.
AB  - A computerized craniofacial patient record reinforces the link between clinical
      research and the treatment process. The availability of microcomputers and
      appropriate software has made it feasible for most craniofacial groups to
      organize patient data for easy retrieval and analysis. Selection of the computer
      system and programs follows careful planning and systematic delineation of the
      desired functions of the system. An example of a working computerized
      craniofacial patient record system is described.

PMID- 3877099
TI  - Evaluation of chromosomal damage in males exposed to agent orange and their
      families.
AB  - Agent Orange (AO), a phenoxyherbicide, and dioxin, an impurity found in AO, are
      considered clastogens, mutagens, and teratogens in plants and animals. AO has
      come under suspicion in humans following claims that it causes chromosome damage
      and birth defects in offspring of exposed individuals. No well-designed
      epidemiological studies are available to support this conclusion. Of ten exposed
      individuals studied for chromosome breaks and sister chromatid exchange
      frequencies, eight were ascertained because they had children with congenital
      defects. No consistent pattern of anomalies was observed. Five children had
      neurologic deficit, one child had a central nervous system anomaly, and one child
      was affected with glaucoma. Although all individuals studied had normal
      karyotypes, a statistically significant increase in chromosome breakage was
      observed in exposed males compared to their unexposed wives and children; sister
      chromatid exchange frequency was not increased.

PMID- 3877100
TI  - Dental maturation in hemifacial microsomia.
AB  - Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a congenital syndrome in which the mandible shows
      a spectrum of severity of malformation. The malformation is generally unilateral
      but may be bilateral, and if so, is then usually asymmetrical. Eighty-nine
      patients (58 males and 31 females) with unilateral HFM were evaluated for
      mandibular tooth development using the technique of Demirjian and Goldstein
      [1976]. According to Pruzansky's classification of severity of malformed
      mandibles in HFM [1969], the study sample consisted of 57 grade I cases, 26 grade
      II cases, and 6 grade III cases. Tooth development patterns of the affected and
      non-affected sides were compared with one another using 45 degrees oblique
      cephalometric radiographs. Eight cases were studied separately, since three
      showed bilateral congenital absence of the second premolar, three showed
      unilateral congenital absence of the second premolar on the affected side, and
      two had the first permanent molar extracted. In spite of the difference in
      severity of mandibular anomalies in each group, 45.7% (37) of the patients showed
      symmetry of tooth maturation. Of the 54.3% (44) patients showing asymmetric tooth
      maturation, 54.4% (24) showed more advanced dental maturation on the affected
      side and 45.5% (20) showed more advanced dental development on the non-affected
      side. These findings suggest that the mandibular deformity associated with HFM
      does not have an effect on dental maturation when compared with the antimere of
      the non-affected side.

PMID- 3877101
TI  - Association of Duane retraction syndrome with craniofacial malformations.
AB  - Specific forms of ocular motor disturbances, such as Duane syndrome, occur with
      sufficient frequency in certain syndromes that the timing, location, and nature
      of the developmental disturbance may be established. The presence of this
      characteristic type of strabismus in a number of cases of hemifacial microsomia,
      especially the Goldenhar variants, may provide insight into the developmental
      disturbances of this large, complex group of patients. Evaluation of specific
      abnormalities of affected patients from the perspective of one discipline may
      further aid in the "lumping" or "splitting" process.

PMID- 3877102
TI  - The Dubowitz syndrome: a retrospective.
AB  - The purpose of the article is to update information concerning Dubowitz syndrome.
      A review of the literature since the disorder was originally described in 1965 is
      presented. In addition, case reports are presented for two siblings described in
      1971 describing speech and dental development and current clinical findings.
      Analysis of approximately 30 cases reveals prevalence of growth failure and
      delayed bone age, mild microcephaly, broad forehead with sparse frontal hair,
      telecanthus, blepharophimosis, abnormal pinnae, broad nose, and micrognathia.
      Overt cleft palate or submucous cleft palate is not a prevalent finding (16%).
      High-pitched and hoarse voice quality appears to be a constant feature. There is
      the suggestion of an association with leukemia, lymphoma, and neuroblastoma.
      Inheritance appears clearly autosomal recessive.

PMID- 3877103
TI  - Hemifacial microsomia and the branchio-oto-renal syndrome.
AB  - Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) and the branchio-oto-renal syndrome (BOR) are both
      associated with malformations of the external ears; preauricular tags, pits, or
      sinuses; and conductive or mixed hearing loss. Other overlapping features have
      been described, including cervical appendages containing cartilage in HFM, and
      facial paresis in BOR; however, the significance of these findings has not been
      discussed by previous authors. The purpose of this paper is to describe four
      additional propositi with overlapping features of BOR and HFM. In two cases there
      is a positive family history of either first and second branchial arch anomalies
      or malformation of the kidney. Two cases appear to be sporadic. The overlapping
      clinical features suggest that in some families HFM may constitute a component
      toward the severe end of the spectrum of the autosomal dominant BOR syndrome. The
      empiric recurrence risk for HFM was 3% in one study. If our interpretation of
      these reported cases is correct, genetic recurrence risks for individuals in
      these families may fall in the range of an autosomal dominant condition. Since
      expression of both conditions varies widely, and minor manifestations may be
      overlooked, the importance of careful evaluation of first- and second-degree
      relatives is emphasized.

PMID- 3877104
TI  - Genetic variation in spontaneous and diphenylhydantoin-induced craniofacial
      malformations in mice.
AB  - The mouse strain CL/Fr has been produced by selection for high frequency of cleft
      lip. It is also sensitive to induction of cleft palate by glucocorticoids, as are
      its A strain relatives. "Star" strain is free of spontaneous clefts, and is
      resistant to glucocorticoid teratogenic effects. CL/Fr is also sensitive to toxic
      effects (80% death at 25 mg/kg) of diphenylhydantoin (DPH), whereas Star is not.
      Reciprocal crosses between CL/Fr and Star parents were followed for three
      generations of back-crossing to CL/Fr, with treatment by chronic subcutaneous
      (SC) DPH injection (20 mg/kg daily from day 0 of pregnancy). Two patterns of
      response were observed for facial clefts. Primary palate clefts (CL, CLP, lip
      scars) were not affected by DPH treatment, and showed regression on % CL/Fr
      genome suggestive of a two- or three-locus recessive effect with the sensitive
      alleles from CL/Fr. Secondary palate clefts and open eyelids, considered as a
      group as relatively late developmental defects, showed a pattern suggestive of a
      dominant gene which increases risk of malformation in DPH-treated embryos,
      expressed in the crosses, but not in the absence of treatment or in the presence
      of the full "Star" genome.

PMID- 3877105
TI  - The application of roentgencephalometry to the study of craniofacial anomalies.
AB  - Objective quantitative methods for standardized reproducible descriptions of the
      findings of an examination are prerequisite for the optimal care of patients with
      congenital or acquired craniofacial anomalies. The present report gives a brief
      review of the development of roentgencephalometry with special emphasis on the
      infant roentgencephalometric techniques pioneered by Dr. Samuel Pruzansky. In
      addition, some of the significant findings that have emerged from the application
      of these techniques to patients with craniofacial anomalies are presented, again,
      with emphasis on the contributions made by Dr. Pruzansky and co-workers. Finally,
      perspectives for future clinical and research work within the field are outlined.
      These perspectives include improvement of cephalometric units for studies of
      patients with craniofacial anomalies; inclusion of additional cephalometric
      projections, especially in patients with craniofacial asymmetry; increased
      utilization of infant cephalometry; utilization of metallic implants in selected
      cases; greater utilization of computerized cephalometrics and multivariate
      statistics; and combined use of longitudinal cephalometric studies and various
      longitudinal physiological examinations, eg, electromyography, kinesiography, and
      air flow studies, in the individual patient.

PMID- 3877106
TI  - Blebs and hematomas in the lips of CL/Fr and A/J mice.
AB  - Newborn-CL/Fr mice have +/- 20% frequency of cleft lip with or without cleft
      palate (CLP) depending on environment. However, examination of early fetal
      development from days 12 to 15 disclosed an increased number of hematomas or
      fluid-filled blebs in the regions of maxillary process fusion. The earliest
      stages do not appear to involve the blood supply directly but separate the
      epithelium from underlying mesenchyme by clear blebs. Similar defects were found
      in untreated A/J mice. These findings suggest that osmotic and hemodynamic
      abnormalities may be part of the mechanism of cleft lip formation in these
      related strains and that these defects may result from a biochemical defect of
      the connective tissue matrix in regions of process fusion.

PMID- 3877107
TI  - Experimental fusion of the naturally cleft, embryonic chick palate.
AB  - The palatal shelf medial edges of day 8 (Hamburger-Hamilton [HH] stages 32-33)
      and day 9 (HH stage 35) embryonic chicks were surgically disrupted in ovo and in
      vitro in an attempt to discover if the naturally cleft chick palate could be
      induced to fuse experimentally. At HH stages 32-33 (day 8) the chick palatal
      shelves were apart at the time of in ovo operation. Consequently, their medial
      edges did not fuse but rather underwent embryonic would healing with re
      epithelialisation (which often formed needle track invaginations), but no signs
      of inflammation or scar or scab tissue formation. Conversely, at HH stage 35 (day
      9) the palatal shelves are in contact at the time of in ovo operation and so
      underwent fusion. The extent of palatal fusion depended upon the extent of
      initial medial edge epithelial disruption. Fusion did not spread from the
      operated sites to adjacent unoperated areas, where the palatal shelves were in
      contact with each other. Occasional epithelial seams were formed, but these
      persisted and did not undergo cell death. There was no evidence of inflammation
      or scar or scab tissue at the operated sites. Abnormal bony and muscular
      blastemae appeared in the continuity zones of these experimentally intact chick
      palates. Mortality was high for embryos operated upon in ovo. Palatal shelves
      explanted from HH stages 32, 33, and 35 chick embryos and cultured in vitro with
      their medial edges in contact did not fuse unless their medial edge epithelia
      were surgically disrupted, in which cases fusion always occurred regardless of
      the stage of the explanted shelves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3877108
TI  - Dysmorphic growth and development and the study of craniofacial syndromes.
AB  - Some general principles of syndromic growth and development useful for
      cephalometric studies are set forth under the headings of bone age determination,
      limitations of radiographic assessment in syndromic dysmorphism, dysharmonic
      maturation and patterned dysmorphism, primary growth deficiency of prenatal
      onset, asymmetric dysmorphism, problems in diagnostic homogeneity, and problems
      in ascertainment bias.

PMID- 3877109
TI  - Excess of parental non-righthandedness in children with right-sided cleft lip: a
      preliminary report.
AB  - Parents of children with right-sided cleft lip are more likely to be non-right
      handed than parents of children with left-handed or bilateral cleft lip. The
      implications are discussed.

PMID- 3877110
TI  - An investigation to relate the overall size of the maxillary arch and the area of
      palatal mucosa in cleft lip and palate cases at birth to the overall size of the
      upper dental arch at five years of age.
AB  - The area of palatal mucosa and the size of the maxillary arches were measured in
      a group of 30 newborn infants with unilateral clefts of the lip and palate. The
      overall size of the maxillary arch together with the arch width and arch height
      were also measured when the children had reached 5 years of age. For comparison
      purposes, a group of 30 newborn normal children and 30 normal 5-year-old children
      were similarly measured. The cleft children were found to have a mean deficiency
      of palatal mucosa of 16.41% at birth, although the overall size of their
      maxillary arches was 17.08% greater than normal. In the cleft cases there was no
      significant correlation between the area of palatal mucosa at birth and the
      overall size of the arch at 5 years of age. A significant correlation did exist
      between the overall size of the arch at birth and the overall size when the child
      was 5 years old. The significance of this and other findings is discussed.

PMID- 3877111
TI  - Velopharyngeal inadequacy in the absence of overt cleft palate.
AB  - Velopharyngeal inadequacy in the absence of overt cleft palate may be due to any
      one, of any combination, of the following: intraorally visible stigmata
      associated with submucous defects (any combination of bifid uvula, muscular
      diastasis of the soft palate, bony defect of the hard palate); "occult"
      anatomical defects of the levator palatini or musculus uvulae, detectable only by
      nasopharyngoscopy or by operative dissection; anatomic disproportion between the
      size of the nasopharynx and the length of the hard and/or soft palate; mechanical
      interference with motion of the velopharyngeal system occurring as a result of
      scarring or contracture, and possibly as a result of interposition of the upper
      poles of the faucial tonsils between the velum and the posterior pharyngeal wall;
      a wide variety of neuromotor deficits, either congenital or acquired, causing
      reduced and/or incoordinated movement of the velopharyngeal musculature; a
      learning error of unknown origin which results in velopharyngeal inadequacy only
      on specific phonemes with all other pressure consonants emitted orally. Submucous
      defects of the secondary palate do not necessarily produce velopharyngeal
      inadequacy. Thus, our estimates of both the incidence of submucous defects and of
      the frequency of genes for clefting in any given population are undoubtedly low.
      Finally, "stress velopharyngeal inadequacy" in wind instrument players has been
      linked to a variety of anatomic findings and is not necessarily accompanied by
      velopharyngeal inadequacy in speech. This paper will review the historic aspects
      of velopharyngeal inadequacy and will discuss and analyze the causes outlined
      above.

PMID- 3877112
TI  - Superior portosystemic collateral circulation estimated by azygos blood flow in
      patients with cirrhosis. Lack of correlation with oesophageal varices and
      gastrointestinal bleeding. Effect of propranolol.
AB  - In patients with cirrhosis, superior portosystemic collateral circulation was
      evaluated by the continuous thermodilution method in the azygos vein. Azygos
      blood flow was 5 times higher in a group of patients with cirrhosis (alcoholic in
      27, cryptogenic in 8, post-hepatitic in 2 and primary biliary cirrhosis in 1),
      than in a group of patients without portal hypertension (steatosis in 2,
      granulomatous hepatitis in 2, persistent chronic hepatitis in 2 and Hodgkin's
      disease in 1). Azygos blood flow was not different in cirrhotic patients with no
      visible, in those with small-sized, and in those with large sized oesophageal
      varices. Azygos blood flow was not different in cirrhotic patients with and
      without a previous episode of gastrointestinal bleeding. Fifteen min after
      intravenous administration of 15 mg of propranolol, azygos blood flow
      significantly decreased whereas azygos blood flow did not change after placebo.
      The decrease in azygos blood flow was significantly more marked than the
      reduction in cardiac output. It is concluded that superior portosystemic
      collateral blood flow is elevated in patients with cirrhosis and that the
      reduction in this collateral circulation might explain the efficiency of
      propranolol in the prevention of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding.

PMID- 3877114
TI  - In vitro alpha-interferon treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      improves interleukin-2 activity in HBV-related chronic liver disease.
AB  - To investigate mitogen-induced helper T cell activity in patients with HBV
      related chronic liver disease (CLD), Interleukin-2 (IL-2) activity was assessed
      by an IL-2 bioassay using phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated mononuclear cells
      (MNC). IL-2 activity was significantly reduced in patients with CLD (P less than
      0.01), and was comparable to controls in those with minimal liver damage,
      indicating that decreased IL-2 activity is not due to the presence of HBV X MNC
      from 2 of the 3 patients treated with alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) showed the
      highest IL-2 activity. In vitro preincubation of MNC with alpha-IFN before
      stimulation with PHA, led to a significant increase in IL-2 activity in all
      subjects (P less than 0.01). The improvement in IL-2 activity induced by alpha
      IFN may be, in part, responsible for the therapeutic effect of this agent in HBV
      related CLD.

PMID- 3877113
TI  - Measurement of azygos venous blood flow in the evaluation of portal hypertension
      in patients with cirrhosis. Clinical and haemodynamic correlations in 100
      patients.
AB  - Blood flow in the azygos vein, an index of blood flow through gastro-oesophageal
      collaterals, was measured by continuous thermal dilution in 100 patients with
      cirrhosis. Azygos blood flow was directly related to portal pressure (r = 0.54, P
      less than 0.001). Patients with portal hypertension had very high azygos blood
      flow (692 +/- 32 ml/min) in comparison with controls (n = 11, 174 +/- 29 ml/min).
      Patients with previous oesophageal bleeding had similar azygos blood flow as
      those without, but azygos blood flow was significantly greater in patients with
      massive or recurrent bleeding than in those with less severe haemorrhage,
      suggesting that the magnitude of collateral flow may influence the course of
      variceal bleeding. Patients with grade III varices had higher azygos blood flow
      than those with grades II or I. In addition, both oesophageal tamponade and
      vasopressin infusion, procedures of known value in variceal bleeding, markedly
      reduced azygos blood flow (-40% and -25%, respectively). Measurement of azygos
      blood flow allows evaluation of haemodynamic changes in the oesophageal
      collaterals of patients with portal hypertension, and provides useful information
      on the effect of therapeutic procedures aimed at arresting or preventing variceal
      haemorrhage.

PMID- 3877115
TI  - The left ventricular assist device. Its successful use after coronary bypass
      surgery.

PMID- 3877116
TI  - A modified double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for
      measurement of alpha-1-antitrypsin in biologic fluids.
AB  - Alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) is the major protease inhibitor in human serum,
      and plays an important role protecting tissues from potentially harmful enzymes
      released during inflammatory reactions. Proteolytic enzymes such as leukocyte
      elastase are usually released and inactivated locally at the site of
      inflammation, so there has been much recent interest in measuring local alpha 1AT
      concentrations in biologic fluids. In this study, we developed a modified double
      antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and used it to
      measure alpha 1AT concentrations in several biologic fluids. The assay was
      sensitive to as little as 20 ng/ml of alpha 1AT. Serum concentrations measured by
      the ELISA correlated well with levels determined by radial immunodiffusion (RID)
      and the ELISA was far more sensitive than RID. In synovial fluid, higher
      concentrations determined by the ELISA compared with RID probably reflect
      interference of diffusion of alpha 1AT in the RID gel by hyaluronic acid and
      protease-inhibitor complexes. Synovial fluid did not interfere with the detection
      of added alpha 1AT by ELISA, but it did reduce the amount detected by RID by
      about 30% in 2 fluids. In saliva, alpha 1AT concentrations of less than 1
      microgram/ml were easily quantified. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids have been
      extensively studied because of the important role of alpha 1AT in pulmonary
      inflammatory processes. We found concentrations of 1-3 micrograms/ml in most
      samples with our assay. These levels were comparable to those previously reported
      with assays that required up to 50-fold concentration of the fluid. Neither
      saliva nor bronchoalveolar fluid significantly interfered with detection by ELISA
      of added alpha 1AT. This modified double antibody sandwich ELISA may have broad
      applications for studies of the role of alpha 1AT in health and disease.

PMID- 3877117
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to monitor colorectal carcinoma patients
      treated with a monoclonal antibody (17-1A).
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared to a radioimmunoassay
      (RIA) for the detection and quantification of mouse monoclonal antibody MoAb 17
      1A and for measurement of the host response (i.e. anti-mouse immunoglobulin in
      sera from patients receiving immunotherapy with MoAb 17-1A. Comparable
      sensitivity and reproducibility were noted with RIA and ELISA but ELISA was more
      rapid to perform than RIA. Thus quantitative ELISA compared favorably with the
      RIA for MoAb detection.

PMID- 3877118
TI  - The use of somatic antigen of Haemophilus influenzae for the monitoring of T cell
      mediated skin test reactivity in man.
AB  - To investigate its usefulness as a skin test antigen, Haemophilus influenzae
      somatic antigen was tested in 28 healthy individuals, both in soluble and
      aggregated form. All subjects were found to possess specific antibodies against
      H. influenzae of both IgG and IgM subclass, thus showing their previous exposure
      to this commensal micro-organism. The somatic antigen in solution was found to be
      a poor antigen for eliciting a delayed hypersensitivity skin response: only 2 out
      of 16 subjects reacted with a positive DTH pattern. In contrast, 25 out of 28
      persons showed a positive DTH pattern when somatic antigen was used in aggregated
      form. Two types of DTH reaction patterns could be detected (in a ratio of
      approximately 3:2), viz. those with an early (24 h) and those with a late (48 h)
      maximal swelling. Histology of 3 early and 1 late DTH reaction showed
      perivascular infiltrates of mainly Thelper/Tinducer lymphocytes. Hardly any
      basophils were seen. One negative skin test, biopsied at 6 h, showed no signs of
      Arthus reactivity. It can be concluded that skin tests using the aggregated form
      of the somatic antigen of H. influenzae are useful for assaying specific T-cell
      mediated reactivity in man.

PMID- 3877119
TI  - Effects of pentostatin (2'deoxycoformycin), an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase,
      on type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats.
AB  - Pentostatin (2'-deoxycoformycin), a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, was
      administered therapeutically to rats with type II collagen-induced arthritis and
      the effects on hindpaw swelling, serum haptoglobin concentration, and
      anticollagen antibody titer determined. Daily intraperitoneal administration of
      pentostatin at 10.0 or 1.0 mg/kg/day for three weeks produced significant
      enhancement of hind-paw swelling and elevation of serum haptoglobin. Continuous
      subcutaneous infusion of pentostatin at 1.0 or 0.1 mg/kg/day had the same
      effects. None of the dosing regimens had any effect on anticollagen antibody
      titer.

PMID- 3877120
TI  - Charas (cannabis) cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3877122
TI  - Haemophilus influenzae meningitis: a 5-year study in Ibadan, Nigeria.
AB  - A total of 131 children with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis was studied over a
      period of 5 years. Of these, 92% and of those who died from this disease, 94%
      were 2 years old or less. Mortality was 26% and morbidity among the survivors was
      36%. Most of the children studied were marasmic. The seasonal incidence is
      discussed since incidence peaked mainly in the dry season with a secondary peak
      in the rainy season. Haemoglobin (H6) electrophoresis, done in respect of a few
      children, showed a significantly higher incidence of Hb SS among patients than in
      the general population. This relationship is being studied further. The prognosis
      did not appear to be significantly affected by the choice between a combination
      of penicillin and chloramphenicol on the one hand and ampicillin alone on the
      other. A combination of penicillin and chloramphenicol is preferred to
      chloramphenicol alone in initiating therapy because 100% of strains of H.
      influenzae isolated in our laboratory are susceptible to chloramphenicol but only
      75% of strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are susceptible to this drug.

PMID- 3877121
TI  - The acquired immune deficiency syndrome: problems associated with the management
      of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
AB  - Four fatal and two non-fatal cases of pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii
      and one case of co-trimoxazole-responsive interstitial pneumonia, all in
      homosexual patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, are described.
      The lack of clinical signs in the chest and of abnormal radiological findings at
      presentation in three of the six patients with P. carinii infection, the rapidly
      progressive course of the disease, as well as the need for early diagnosis and
      treatment are stressed. The possibility of chemoprophylaxis against P. carinii is
      discussed.

PMID- 3877124
TI  - The study of the immune responses in amoebiasis.

PMID- 3877123
TI  - Predictive value of assessment of lymph node weight and T-lymphocyte
      proliferation in contact sensitivity in acrylates.
AB  - An assessment of T-lymphocyte proliferation and lymph node weight is proposed as
      a predictive test for contact sensitizers of industrial origin. Data are
      presented showing increased T-lymphocyte proliferation following epicutaneous
      application of a variety of industrially important acrylate-like chemicals which
      appear to correlate well with their ability to sensitize in the guinea pig. These
      data were compared with those obtained after application of 2,4-dinitro-1
      fluorobenzene (DNFB) a strong sensitizer, and 2,4-dinitrothiocyanatebenzene
      (DNTB) a nonsensitizer when given epicutaneously. It is suggested that this
      quantitative approach, in parallel with a simple one-dose immunization, may
      provide a better picture of sensitization potential than the longer multidose
      immunizations currently in use.

PMID- 3877125
TI  - Cardiac surgery at National Taiwan University Hospital.

PMID- 3877126
TI  - [Evaluation of factors influencing patency of A-C bypass grafts].

PMID- 3877127
TI  - [Valve surgery in aortic regurgitation and evaluation of results].

PMID- 3877128
TI  - [Aortic valve replacement in a patient with incidental anomalous origin of the
      coronary arteries: surgical implications].

PMID- 3877129
TI  - [Adoptive immunotherapy of murine tumors using cultured syngeneic tumor-bearer
      spleen cells. II: Therapeutic effect of cultured lymphocytes against malignant
      ascites and its augmentation by the streptococcal preparation, OK 432].

PMID- 3877130
TI  - [The cytotoxic activity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and its
      application to adoptive immunotherapy].

PMID- 3877131
TI  - [Quantitative analysis of exercise thallium-201 emission computerized
      tomography].

PMID- 3877132
TI  - Alterations in serum pancreatic elastase 1 content in acute and chronic
      pancreatitis: comparison with alpha-amylase activity.
AB  - Serum pancreatic elastase 1 content in 45.9% of 203 samples from 32 patients with
      acute pancreatitis was found to be greatly elevated to greater than 1000 ng/dl,
      much higher than the control values (90 to 270 ng/dl), whereas serum alpha
      amylase activity, in 62.3% of the same samples, was within the control range (100
      to 460 IU/L). The increased pancreatic elastase 1 content persisted for several
      days after serum alpha-amylase activity returned to normal, suggesting that,
      compared with serum alpha-amylase activity, pancreatic elastase 1 content truly
      reflects the clinical course of acute pancreatitis. The measurement of pancreatic
      elastase 1 content appears to be more valuable in the diagnosis and prognosis of
      acute pancreatitis than that of serum alpha-amylase activity. In 41 patients with
      chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, pancreatic elastase 1 content and serum
      alpha-amylase activity were within the normal range in 38.3% and 56.2%
      respectively, of 336 samples.

PMID- 3877133
TI  - Acute epiglottitis in adults not due to haemophilus.

PMID- 3877134
TI  - Vestibular response in denatured rape oil intoxication.
AB  - During the spring of 1981 a massive intoxication broke out in Spain, which is
      presently attributed to the ingestion of denatured rape oil, and which has been
      called 'Toxic Syndrome' (TS). We studied 51 patients affected by the TS one year
      after the onset of their disease, analyzing their vestibular responses in the
      caloric test with the help of an analog-digital computer. A significant decrease
      in the number of nystagmic beats of the affected patients can be observed, while
      the rest of the parameters studied show similar values to those found
      simultaneously in 30 normal subjects. It is suggested that these differences are
      yet another manifestation of the polyneuropathy found in intoxication by
      denatured rape oil.

PMID- 3877135
TI  - The admissibility of hypnotically enhanced testimony. Have the courts been
      mesmerized?

PMID- 3877136
TI  - The M.D.-J.D. revisited. A sociological analysis of cross-educated professionals
      in the decade of the 1980s.

PMID- 3877137
TI  - 1985 Schwartz Award. Exclusive arrangements between hospitals and physicians.
      Making the successful challenge after Jefferson Parish Hospital v. Hyde.

PMID- 3877138
TI  - Nurse practitioners. Their scope of practice and theories of liability.

PMID- 3877139
TI  - An arthritogenic lymphokine in the rat.
AB  - A type II collagen-specific arthritogenic lymphokine has been identified in the
      rat. Arthritogenic factor (AF) is a 65 kD protein generated in vitro by T cells
      from rats with collagen arthritis, and it induces an erosive, proliferative
      synovitis when injected into the knee joint of syngeneic naive recipients.
      Complement does not appear to be required. These data identify a potential T cell
      mediated effector mechanism in this model, and suggest that AF may function in
      other inflammatory synovial diseases.

PMID- 3877140
TI  - Multiple cancers. Tumor burden permits the outgrowth of other cancers.
AB  - We demonstrate that tumor-bearing hosts permit the outgrowth of "potentially
      malignant" cells that are located at a different site. These second cancers
      continued to grow and kill their hosts even though they retain the "premalignant"
      phenotype, even after removal of the original malignancy. The potentially
      malignant cells used in these experiments were ultraviolet light- or
      methylcholanthrene-induced regressor tumor cells that are rejected regularly by
      normal mice at any testable dose, and only form progressive tumors in
      immunosuppressed individuals. The immunological rejection of these highly
      immunogenic, potentially malignant cells was suppressed by Thy-1+, Ly-2-,
      nonadherent, radio-sensitive suppressor cells in the tumor-bearing mice. These
      suppressor cells were absent in nude tumor-bearing mice. Unlike helper and
      cytolytic T cell-mediated responses, which are exquisitely tumor specific, the
      suppression caused by a progressively growing tumor was crossreactive among many
      syngeneic, independently derived tumors induced by different carcinogens.
      However, T cell-mediated immune responses to alloantigens, allogeneic tumors,
      certain syngeneic tumors, and humoral responses to xenogeneic red blood cells
      were normal in these mice. The immune suppression in the tumor-bearing animals
      closely simulated that induced by ultraviolet light irradiation, and both types
      of suppression might therefore share common mechanisms. Our findings may
      contribute to understanding the growth, development, and possible control of
      multicentric malignancies and add a precaution to the potential use of strongly
      immunogenic tumor variants for active immunotherapy in hosts bearing less
      immunogenic tumors.

PMID- 3877141
TI  - Role of membrane immunoglobulin (Ig) crosslinking in membrane Ig-mediated, major
      histocompatibility-restricted T cell-B cell cooperation.
AB  - Resting murine B lymphocytes can present rabbit anti-Ig to T cell lines specific
      for normal rabbit globulin. The T cell-B cell interaction is major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted, and leads to activation,
      proliferation, and differentiation of the resting B cell into an antibody
      secreting cell. Efficient antigen presentation and B cell activation depends upon
      binding of rabbit globulin to (membrane) mIg. To investigate the role of mIg in
      this polyclonal model for a T cell-dependent primary antibody response, we
      determined whether crosslinking of mIg is required either for efficient antigen
      presentation, as measured by helper T cell activation, or for the B cell response
      to T cell help, since all the direct effects of anti-Ig on B cells require
      crosslinking of mIg. We found that monovalent Fab' fragments of anti-IgM or anti
      IgD work as efficiently as their divalent counterparts. Therefore, a signal
      transduced through the antigen receptor seems not to be required when T cell help
      is provided by an MHC-restricted T helper cell recognizing antigen on the B cell
      surface. Moreover, rabbit globulin bound to class I MHC molecules in the form of
      anti-H-2K also results in efficient antigen presentation and T cell-dependent B
      cell activation. However, mIg still appears to be specialized for antigen
      presentation, since anti-Ig is presented about three- to fivefold more
      efficiently than anti-H-2K.

PMID- 3877142
TI  - Differential requirements for the induction of interleukin 2 responsiveness in
      L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ T cell subsets.
AB  - Minimal requirements for the induction of interleukin 2 (IL-2) responsiveness in
      purified subsets of murine T lymphocytes have been investigated. Whereas Lyt-2+
      cells could be induced to IL-2-dependent growth by lectin, phorbol ester, or
      calcium ionophore, none of these stimuli was by itself sufficient for L3T4+
      cells. The latter cells could, however, be induced to respond to IL-2 by
      combinations of lectin plus phorbol ester or ionophore plus phorbol ester (but
      not lectin plus ionophore). Under optimal conditions, growth of L3T4+ cells (like
      Lyt-2+ cells) was independent of accessory cells and cell-cell contact.

PMID- 3877143
TI  - Role of the opercularis muscle in seismic sensitivity in the bullfrog Rana
      catesbeiana.
AB  - The inner ear of anuran amphibians appears to be exceptionally sensitive to
      substrate vibration. The opercularis system, consisting of an opercularis muscle
      running from the shoulder girdle to a movable, cartilaginous operculum lying next
      to the inner ear, has been hypothesized to be involved in driving these seismic
      responses. Removal of the opercularis muscle of adult bullfrogs, Rana
      catesbeiana, caused clear decreases in microphonic responses of the inner ear to
      vibrations from 20-250 Hz and 0.05-5.0 cm/sec2 accelerations. Degree of decrease
      in responsiveness was variable between individuals and between different
      frequencies of stimulation, ranging up to 90% reduction at certain frequencies
      and in certain specimens. Decreases were most marked at lower frequencies below
      about 50 Hz. Additional removal of the levator scapulae superior muscle, which
      runs alongside the opercularis muscle from the shoulder girdle to ventrolateral
      portions of the otic capsule, also tended to depress responses, although this
      effect was substantially less (generally less than 10%) and also less consistent.
      As the opercularis muscle appears to be derived from the levator scapulae
      musculature, it is speculated that primitively seismic sensitivity was enhanced
      by a muscular connection that could transmit motion from the forelimb to the otic
      region, responsiveness being further enhanced by the subsequent evolution of the
      specialized opercularis system.

PMID- 3877144
TI  - Retention of lateral motor column neurons during the phase of rapid cell loss
      after limb amputation in Rana pipiens tadpoles.
AB  - Target tissue regulation of naturally occurring neuronal death during development
      has often been studied by removing a limb bud and then analyzing spinal motor
      neuron number later in development. The present study focuses on the necessity
      for limb presence in the initiation of the most rapid phase of cell loss from the
      lateral motor column (LMC) and in the control of neuron number during this
      restricted developmental period. Unilateral hindlimb amputation in larval Rana
      pipiens at the time of onset of rapid LMC cell loss resulted in an unequal,
      bilateral retention of excess motor neurons (i.e., less cell loss than normally
      occurs) during this phase. Limb traumatization, with axotomy, also resulted in
      reduced bilateral LMC cell loss, although to a lesser extent than did amputation.
      Absence of the limb or axonal transection presumably prevents the communication
      of motor neurons with their differentiating targets and thus interferes with the
      flow of information required for the selective events of neuronal loss and
      survival. The presence of the limb with intact axons is essential at the time
      that LMC cell loss normally ensues for both the initiation and progression of the
      phase of greatest cell loss.

PMID- 3877146
TI  - Demonstration of an autoreceptor modulating the release of [3H]5
      hydroxytryptamine from a synaptosomal-rich spinal cord tissue preparation.
AB  - A superfusion system employed to measure the K+-stimulated release of [3H]5
      hydroxytryptamine [(3H]5-HT, [3H]serotonin) from a synaptosomal-rich spinal cord
      tissue preparation was carefully characterized, then used to examine the
      regulation of spinal 5-HT release. Spinal 5-HT release is apparently modulated by
      an autoreceptor. Exogenous 5-HT depressed, in a concentration-dependent manner,
      the K+-stimulated release of [3H]5-HT. Similarly, lysergic acid diethylamide
      (LSD) produced a concentration-dependent decrease in [3H]5-HT release.
      Methiothepin and quipazine blocked the inhibition of release induced by exogenous
      5-HT. The 5-HT2 receptor antagonists spiperone and ketanserin failed to alter the
      action of 5-HT at the spinal 5-HT autoreceptor. Spiperone and ketanserin were
      shown, however, to alter the storage of [3H]5-HT. When used in concentrations
      greater than 10 nM, the drugs evoked increases in basal [3H]5-HT and [3H]5
      hydroxyindoleacetic acid ( [3H]5-HIAA) effluxes which were independent of the
      presence of calcium ions. A good agreement existed between the potencies of drugs
      for modifying autoreceptor function and their abilities to compete for high
      affinity [3H]5-HT binding in the spinal cord (designated 5-HT1). Furthermore
      quipazine, in concentrations that preferentially interact with the 5-HT1B
      subtype, antagonized the actions of exogenous 5-HT on K+-stimulated release.
      Spiperone, in a concentration that approximated the affinity constant of 5-HT1A
      sites for the drug, was ineffective in altering the ability of exogenous 5-HT to
      modulate K+-stimulated [3H]5-HT release. These results suggest that 5-HT1B sites
      are associated with serotonergic autoreceptor function in the spinal cord.

PMID- 3877145
TI  - Contraction kinetics of intact and skinned frog muscle fibers and degree of
      activation. Effects of intracellular Ca2+ on unloaded shortening.
AB  - This study addresses a long-standing controversy on the effects of the degree of
      activation on cross-bridge kinetics in vivo, by utilizing isolated intact and
      skinned fiber preparations. Steady force levels ranging from 0.1 to 0.76 P0 were
      achieved at 0 degrees C with temperature-step stimulation of intact fibers by
      varying the amount of caffeine in the bathing medium. The speed of unloaded
      shortening (by slack test) was found to be practically constant, which suggests
      that intracellular Ca2+ in the intact preparation has relatively little effect on
      isotonic shortening. Along with the results on tetanically stimulated fibers
      (force, P0), we observed a minor but significant trend for the speed to decline
      with lowered force levels. This trend is explained by the presence of a constant
      internal load equaling approximately 1% P0. The effect of Ca2+ on the shortening
      behavior of skinned fibers was examined at 0 and 10 degrees C. At 0 degrees C,
      there was practically no effect of Ca2+ on the shortening response in slack
      tests. At 10 degrees C, there was also no Ca2+ effect during the first activation
      cycle, but in subsequent cycles the speed of shortening was reduced during
      partial activation, which indicates that there were permanent changes in the
      fiber properties under these experimental conditions. The latter result could be
      explained if the internal load had increased to approximately 5% P0 in the
      modified skinned fiber (compared with 1% P0 in intact fiber). These findings show
      that isotonic contraction of frog fibers is intrinsically unaffected by the
      variations in intracellular Ca2+ that modulated the force over a nearly complete
      range. The results provide support for the idea that Ca2+ influences the force
      development in vivo by on-off switching mechanisms.

PMID- 3877147
TI  - N-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine increases acetylcholine and
      decreases dopamine in mouse striatum: both responses are blocked by
      anticholinergic drugs.
AB  - The neurotoxin N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) produces
      neuropathology and clinical symptoms that resemble Parkinsonism in primates and
      humans. In mice it induces a long-lasting depletion of neostriatal 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine) content. Using the mouse, we found that MPTP
      induces a fall of dopamine and a rise of acetylcholine in the neostriatum. Both
      responses to MPTP can be blocked by prior treatment with atropine or
      trihexyphenidyl.

PMID- 3877148
TI  - The influence of physostigmine on visual-vestibular interaction in hereditary
      ataxias.
AB  - Visual suppression of caloric nystagmus was studied in five patients with
      hereditary ataxia before and after administration of physostigmine. All patients
      had an initial abnormal ocular fixation index that improved after physostigmine
      was given. The data indicate that there is a partly reversible disturbance of
      visual-vestibular interaction in patients with hereditary ataxia, caused by an
      impairment of a central cholinergic mechanism.

PMID- 3877149
TI  - Rat oligodendroblasts in vitro as a long-term cell line.
AB  - A stable line of oligodendrocyte-like cells has been derived by passaging methods
      from initial explant cultures of postnatal Lewis rat cerebellum. These cells
      resemble oligodendrocytes by both light and electron microscopy. However, their
      ultrastructure suggests immaturity, and they express no galactocerebroside at
      their surfaces. They do express surface tetrasialoganglioside. They contain no
      intermediate filaments, and show none of the ultrastructural characteristics of
      astrocytes. It is suggested that they represent immediate precursors to
      oligodendrocytes, or "oligodendroblasts". In addition, the cell line contains a
      small minority of astrocytes, and interactions between these and the
      oligodendroblasts are suggested to account for the highly differentiated
      ultrastructure maintained by the oligodendroblasts over hundreds of cell
      generations in vitro, as well as, possibly, the high proliferative rate of the
      oligodendroblasts. Conversely, the failure of the oligodendroblasts to mature is
      related to the absence of neurons.

PMID- 3877150
TI  - Selective staining of a subset of Purkinje cells in the human cerebellum with
      monoclonal antibody mabQ113.
AB  - MabQ113 is a monoclonal antibody raised against rat cerebellum which selectively
      strains Purkinje cells. Likewise, in mabQ113-immunoperoxidase stained sections of
      human cerebellum, deposits of reaction product are found only in the Purkinje
      cells. The dendritic arborizations, cell body, and axonal processes are
      immunoreactive. In rat, mabQ113 reveals a series of parasagittal antigenic bands
      which run throughout the cerebellar cortex. The staining distribution in human
      cerebellar cortex likewise reveals heterogenous staining but the pattern is a
      complex one and seems to be unlike the parasagittal banding found in the rat. In
      a number of human diseases Purkinje cell degeneration is not uniform throughout
      the vermis and cerebellar hemispheres. It is possible that mabQ113+ and mabQ113-
      subsets of Purkinje cells may respond differentially to various pathological
      conditions.

PMID- 3877151
TI  - The distribution, relationships to other organelles, and calcium-sequestering
      ability of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in frog olfactory axons.
AB  - Ultrastructural studies of single and serial sections of bullfrog olfactory axons
      showed that smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) tubules, which usually appear as
      single profiles in cross-sections of axons, are continuous over considerable
      distances, but that discontinuities do exist. Computer-assisted three-dimensional
      reconstruction of portions of axons indicated that the SER tubules show
      considerable variation in the volume of the cisternal space along the tubule,
      which often follows a tortuous path. Some branching and anastomosing appears to
      occur, and electron-dense material was present in the cisternal space of some
      tubules. SER tubules are often bridged to neurofilaments and less often to
      microtubules. The usual two to three microtubules in the axoplasm form a domain
      which is characterized by a clear area, or zone of exclusion, around the
      microtubules. Ultrastructural cytochemistry was used to demonstrate that SER
      tubules actively sequester Ca. The electron-dense product (calcium oxalate) was
      uniformly and specifically associated with the SER of axons at both proximal
      (closest to the perikarya in the olfactory epithelium) and distal (closest to the
      olfactory lobe of the brain) ends of the olfactory nerve. It is concluded that
      the primary function of SER tubules in these axons is to serve in the regulation
      of Ca in the axoplasm, probably to facilitate fast axoplasmic transport, and that
      a secondary function may be the translocation of material in the cisternal space.
      The observations are discussed as they may relate to the "microstream" hypothesis
      of axoplasmic transport, and it is argued that fast transport occurs through the
      zone of exclusion associated with the microtubule domain(s) of axons.

PMID- 3877152
TI  - Iodine-122-labeled amphetamine derivative with potential for PET brain blood-flow
      studies.
AB  - The positron emitter 122I (t1/2 3.6 min) was collected from a xenon-122/iodine
      122 (122Xe/122I) generator and incorporated into an amphetamine analog, 2,4
      dimethoxy-N,N-dimethyl-5-[122I]iodophenylisopropylamine (5-[122I]-2,4-DNNA). The
      remote synthesis was achieved in 3 min with a 50% radioincorporation yield and a
      product radiopurity of greater than 98%. 5-[122I]-2,4-DNNA was injected into a
      beagle dog and a brain section imaged with positron emission tomography (PET).
      The uptake and retention of 5-[122I]-2,4-DNNA was compared to that of 82Rb+ in
      the same animal. Dynamic PET activity data were obtained 0-20 min postinjection
      of 5-[122I]-2,4-DNNA and showed rapid uptake by brain and good
      cerebral/extracerebral tissue distinction. A whole-body scan of a dog was also
      obtained with 5-123I-2,4-DNNA showing uptake in brain, lung, and other body
      organs. The feasibility of incorporating 122I into an extracted brain perfusion
      agent for use with PET is demonstrated.

PMID- 3877153
TI  - Differential effect of dietary protein type on the B-cell and T-cell immune
      responses in mice.
AB  - The effect of 20 g/100 g diet of lactalbumin (L), casein (C), soy (S) and wheat
      (W) protein on the immune responsiveness of C3H/HeN mice has been investigated by
      measuring the humoral immune response to the T cell-independent antigen, TNP
      Ficoll. The humoral immune response of mice fed the L diet was found to be higher
      than that of mice fed the C, S and W diets. On the other hand, delayed-type
      hypersensitivity, and splenic cell mitogen responses to phytohemagglutinin and
      concanavalin A did not differ among mice fed the various diets. Similarly, the
      type of diet did not appear to influence host resistance to Salmonella
      typhimurium. It is postulated that the type of protein in the diet influences
      directly the intrinsic capacity of the B lymphocytes to respond to an immunogenic
      stimulus.

PMID- 3877155
TI  - Equivalent mortality in normal and athymic mice infected with Naegleria fowleri.

PMID- 3877154
TI  - Dietary fatty acid modulation of murine T-cell responses in vivo.
AB  - The effect of dietary fat concentration and saturation on T-cell functions in
      vivo were investigated by using delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and graft
      versus-host (GVH) reactions. These were selected because they circumvent the
      problem of fatty acid flux from the lymphocyte during in vitro assays. The DTH
      reaction to allogeneic line B16-BL6 melanoma cells was suppressed in BALB/c mice
      fed a diet containing 20% saturated fat (coconut oil) or polyunsaturated fat
      (safflower oil) compared to control mice fed a diet with the minimum of essential
      fatty acids (EFA). Likewise, DTH responsiveness of mice fed an EFA-deficient diet
      was less than that of mice fed the EFA control diet. The GVH reaction of C57BL/6
      spleen cells injected into irradiated BALB/c mice was suppressed in those fed 20%
      polyunsaturated fat. Serum levels of linoleic acid increased commensurate with
      the levels of polyunsaturated fat in the diet. Likewise, previous work has
      demonstrated that levels of linoleic acid in whole lymphocytes changed in direct
      relation to the levels of fatty acids in serum and the diet. Thus, T-cell
      functions in vivo may be differentially affected by the degree of saturation or
      the concentration of dietary fat. Moreover, linoleic acid appears to play a
      pivotal role in modulating cellular immune responses.

PMID- 3877156
TI  - Vitamin B12 requirement for the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro.

PMID- 3877157
TI  - Lymphocyte activation by a polysaccharide fraction separated from hot water
      extracts of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa.
AB  - The action of a polysaccharide fraction obtained from hot water extracts of
      Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa, termed as Angelica immunostimulating polysaccharide
      (AIP) fraction, on murine lymphocytes participating in antibody responses was
      investigated. When AIP fraction was injected concomitantly into mice immunized
      with antigens, immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibody responses against sheep
      erythrocytes (SRBC) increased significantly, but IgM response against T
      independent antigens such as trinitrophenylated lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) and
      TNP-Ficoll did not augment. Murine B lymphocytes were polyclonally activated in
      vitro and in vivo by AIP fraction to differentiate into antibody-forming cells as
      functionally matured cells. The differentiation of B lymphocytes to an
      intermediate stage capable of responding to helper T lymphocytes was also
      stimulated by the administration of AIP fraction into CDF1 and C3H/HeJ mice. A
      concomitant injection of AIP fraction with SRBC for carrier priming resulted in
      the increment of anti-TNP IgM antibody response in cultured reconstituted with
      unprimed B and SRBC-primed T lymphocytes, indicating that AIP fraction can
      stimulate T lymphocytes.

PMID- 3877158
TI  - Pharmacological studies of furo [3,2-b] indole derivatives. I. Analgesic, anti
      pyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of FI-302, N-(3-piperidinopropyl)-4-methyl
      6-trifluoromethyl-furo [3,2-b]indole-2-carboxamide, in experimental animals.
AB  - The analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of FI-302, N-(3
      piperidinopropyl)-4-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-furo [3,2-b]indole-2-carboxamide, a
      newly synthesized tricyclic compound, were investigated in comparison with those
      of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). FI-302 showed potent analgesic
      and antipyretic effects in the various models used. FI-302 showed an inhibitory
      effect on acute inflammatory response such as carrageenin-induced edema, but did
      not show any effect on chronic inflammatory response such as cotton pellet
      granuloma. These effects of FI-302 were about 2 to 7 times more potent than those
      of non-acidic NSAIDs such as mepirizole and tiaramide. Moreover, FI-302 had
      little or no ulcerogenic activity. From these results, it is conceivable that the
      spectrum of FI-302's activities is similar to those of non-acidic NSAIDs such as
      mepirizole and tiaramide. These results suggest that FI-302 is a new non
      ulcerogenic anti-inflammatory compound, and should be suitably applicable for
      clinical purposes.

PMID- 3877159
TI  - Clinical determinants of vocational status among hemodialysis patients.

PMID- 3877160
TI  - Vestibular control of neck muscles in acute and chronic hemilabyrinthectomized
      cats.
AB  - Reflex activity evoked in neck extensor muscles by head movements in the sagittal
      plane (the sagittal vestibulocollic reflex (v.c.r.), Dutia & Hunter, 1985), was
      studied in decerebrate cats with acute or chronic loss of one vestibular
      labyrinth. After acute hemilabyrinthectomy, tonic electromyographic (e.m.g.)
      activity in the biventer cervicis muscle ipsilateral to the lesion was normal,
      while that in the contralateral muscle was abolished. Sinusoidal head movements
      in the sagittal plane (0.1-5 Hz, 1-10 deg peak to peak) caused reflex modulation
      of e.m.g. activity in the ipsilateral muscle, but did not evoke any response in
      the contralateral muscle. The phase (re head position) of the reflex response in
      the ipsilateral muscle was similar to that in a normal cat with intact
      labyrinths, while reflex gain was lowered by 2-8 dB below its value before
      hemilabyrinthectomy. Removal of the remaining labyrinth in acutely
      hemilabyrinthectomized animals restored bilaterally symmetrical tonic e.m.g.
      activity in the neck extensors. There was no e.m.g. modulation during head
      movements after bilateral labyrinthectomy. In chronic hemilabyrinthectomized cats
      (four to seven weeks), tonic e.m.g. activity in the neck muscles on both lesioned
      and intact sides was similar to normal. The gain and phase of the sagittal v.c.r.
      were also normal over a wide range of frequencies of head movement on both
      lesioned and intact sides. Interruption of the medial longitudinal bundle
      approximately 1 mm rostral to the obex did not abolish the bilaterally
      symmetrical compensated reflex response in either muscle, indicating that the
      descending axons in the medial vestibulospinal tract are not essential in
      mediating the normal v.c.r. response in compensated animals.

PMID- 3877162
TI  - Haemorrhage following insertion of continuous suction drains at appendicectomy.

PMID- 3877161
TI  - Patch-clamp recordings of the light-sensitive dark noise in retinal rods from the
      lizard and frog.
AB  - In cell-attached recordings from rods in the intact lizard retina, light
      decreased a standing inward membrane current with a reversal potential
      approximately 60 mV more positive than the resting potential. The peak amplitude
      of saturating responses depended upon the area of recorded membrane and varied
      from cell to cell over approximately 100-fold range. Small patches of membrane
      gave variable responses to identical moderately intense flashes. Whole-cell
      voltage-clamp recordings were obtained on isolated frog rods with intact
      ellipsoids. Peak whole-cell photocurrent was related to flash intensity by a
      Michaelis equation with saturating response amplitudes ranging up to 30 pA in 0.1
      mM-Ca2+ Ringer solution. In darkness the steady-state current-voltage relation,
      determined with whole-cell voltage clamp, showed outward rectification.
      Photocurrent had nearly constant amplitude between -80 and -10 mV, a mean
      reversal potential of +8 mV and recovered from flashes more slowly at positive
      holding potentials. Although it was not possible to resolve light-sensitive
      single-channel current events, power spectral analysis revealed both low- and
      high-frequency components of the light-sensitive noise in both cell-attached and
      whole-cell recordings. The low-frequency component was described by the product
      of two Lorentzians using time constants derived from the kinetics of the dim
      flash response. The high-frequency component of the light-sensitive noise was
      described by a single Lorentzian with a half-power frequency of 62 Hz in lizard
      and 212 Hz in frog. The half-power frequency was not appreciably affected by
      steady illumination. The Lorentzian nature of the noise suggests that the light
      sensitive channel is a pore rather than a shuttle-type carrier. In cell-attached
      recordings the high-frequency component declined monotonically with increasing
      light intensity, suggesting that less than one-half of the channels are open in
      darkness. Furthermore, the ratio of the variance of the high-frequency noise to
      the mean photocurrent was independent of light intensity. Changing external Ca2+
      from 0.1 to 0.5 mM reduced the ratio from 19.7 to 9.0 fA without a significant
      effect on the cut-off frequency of the noise. The results support the conclusion
      that the light-sensitive pore is opened by an internal transmitter that acts as
      an agonist and that both open and closed states of the pore may be blocked by
      external Ca2+. The conductance of the light-sensitive pore in the absence of
      external Ca2+ is estimated to be 1.25-2 pS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3877163
TI  - Estimation of thorium deposited in Thorotrast patients by CT scanner in
      comparison with whole body counter.

PMID- 3877165
TI  - Pelvic tamponade in puerperal hemorrhage. A case report.
AB  - A case of puerperal hemorrhage was associated with disseminated intravascular
      coagulation following hysterectomy. Following unsuccessful surgical intervention,
      pelvic tamponade was accomplished via use of the Logothetopulos pack.

PMID- 3877164
TI  - Pregnancy complicated by Marfan's syndrome with aortic arch dissection,
      subsequent aortic arch replacement and triple coronary artery bypass grafts.
AB  - A patient with Marfan's syndrome suffered aortic dissection with subsequent
      aortic arch replacement and coronary artery bypass grafts during pregnancy.
      Antepartum therapy consisted of bed rest, heparin anticoagulation, propranolol
      and fetal evaluation. After amniocentesis to determine fetal lung maturity,
      cesarean section with epidural anesthesia and invasive hemodynamic monitoring was
      performed at 34 weeks' gestation, resulting in delivery of a viable girl without
      demonstrable congenital abnormalities. The maternal postoperative course was
      uneventful. This report is the first of such a case.

PMID- 3877166
TI  - D-penicillamine induced suppression of B cell function: in vivo effect of D
      penicillamine.
AB  - We assessed the immunoglobulin secretory capacity of circulating B lymphocytes in
      9 patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) before and after treatment
      with D-penicillamine. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with RA
      spontaneously synthesized more IgG and IgA than normals. The secretory rate of
      rheumatoid PBL could not be induced by the polyclonal activator, pokeweed mitogen
      (PWM). The presence of D-penicillamine in cultures significantly suppressed PWM
      stimulated immunoglobulin synthesis of control PBL but did not inhibit synthesis
      of mitogen stimulated RA PBL. After D-penicillamine therapy for 3 months
      immunoglobulin synthesis by PBL from patients with RA was reduced with or without
      PWM. The T mu:T gamma ratio was also decreased after therapy. These results
      support the hypothesis that D-penicillamine selectively impairs helper T cells in
      vivo, preventing the T dependent expansion and activation of B cells
      characteristic of RA.

PMID- 3877168
TI  - Pernicious anemia and systemic lupus erythematosus in a young woman.
AB  - We describe a 23-year-old woman with both pernicious anemia and systemic lupus
      erythematosus. This is a rare association despite the relationship between the
      autoimmune etiology of the 2 conditions, and it is of particular interest in that
      adult pernicious anemia is very uncommon in young people.

PMID- 3877167
TI  - Study of rheumatic manifestations and serologic abnormalities in patients with
      lepromatous leprosy.
AB  - We investigated the rheumatic and laboratory features associated with rheumatic
      syndromes in 32 patients with lepromatous leprosy. Twenty-seven (84%) developed a
      broad range of rheumatic manifestations, the most common being the presence of
      arthritis which was symmetric and polyarticular, resembling rheumatoid arthritis.
      The laboratory abnormalities included an elevated sedimentation rate in 32 cases
      (100%), a positive rheumatoid factor in 6 (18.7%), and antinuclear antibodies in
      one (3.1%). A careful history and the recognition of rheumatic manifestations
      will help in the identification of this type of leprosy.

PMID- 3877169
TI  - Disseminated Sporothrix schenckii infection with arthritis in a patient with
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome are susceptible to a wide
      spectrum of opportunistic infections. We report a 34-year-old man who developed
      systemic sporotrichosis involving the skin and joints, and whose illness
      terminated in subacute encephalopathy and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Fungal
      arthritis is another infection to which patients with this syndrome are subject.

PMID- 3877170
TI  - Mixed connective tissue disease in childhood: case report and literature review.

PMID- 3877171
TI  - Expression of mouse Amy-2a alpha-amylase genes is regulated by strong pancreas
      specific promoters.
AB  - Three types of Amy-2-related DNA sequences, Amy-2a I, Amy-2a II and Amy-X, exist
      in the genome of mice of the inbred strain A/J. Amy-2a I and Amy-X are single
      copy sequences. Amy-2a II occurs as three copies per haploid genome. DNA sequence
      analysis reveals that both classes of Amy-2a genes specify the same unique
      pancreatic alpha-amylase mRNA species, since they share common exon sequences.
      Four independently cloned Amy-2a II isolates were found to be identical in all
      regions sequenced. This suggests that most, if not all, chromosomal Amy-2a II
      copies are identical. Amy-X is presumably a pseudogene, since its exon sequences,
      which are distinct from those of Amy-2a, are not detected in pancreatic alpha
      amylase mRNA. We have determined the transcriptional activities of the Amy-2a
      genes by mapping in vitro elongated nascent transcripts to Amy-2a restriction
      fragments. Transcription initiation occurs at or close to the cap site. The
      expression of Amy-2a in vivo is under control of strong promoters, which are
      active exclusively in the pancreas. The accumulation of alpha-amylase mRNA in
      cells of the exocrine pancreas is regulated mainly at the transcriptional level.
      We have searched for pancreatic transcripts of Amy-1a, which specifies both
      parotid gland and liver-type alpha-amylase mRNAs. Surprisingly, the weak Amy-1a
      promoter, which directs the synthesis of the mRNA containing the liver-type
      leader sequence, also is active in the pancreas and, hence, in all alpha-amylase
      producing tissues.

PMID- 3877172
TI  - Single amino acid mutations block a late step in the folding of beta-lactamase
      from Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Two single amino acid mutant proteins of beta-lactamase PC1 from Staphylococcus
      aureus, P2 Thr40----Ile and P54 Asp146----Asn, have been investigated using urea
      gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism and sedimentation
      velocity. Investigation of the folded states of the mutants has shown that
      compared to wild-type PC1 they are slightly more expanded, and have reduced
      aromatic circular dichroism, but the same content of secondary structure as PC1.
      The mutants exhibit fast refolding kinetics to the folded state, in contrast to
      PC1, which refolds only slowly. We conclude from these results that the folded
      mutants are in a state close to but distinct from the native state of PC1 and
      have certain properties in common with the compact intermediate in the folding of
      beta-lactamase. Therefore, these single amino acid substitutions result in a
      folding pathway blocked at a point located after collapse of the already folded
      structural units into a globular shape, and close to the final reshuffling step
      that leads to the native state of the wild-type enzyme.

PMID- 3877173
TI  - Tadpole erythrocytes: luminescent properties with dark field microscopy.
AB  - To characterize and classify erythrocytes of ranid tadpoles, alcohol-fixed blood
      smears were studied with dark field illumination. All preclimax stage (limb bud
      foot) Rana castesbeiana tadpoles from ponds in Massachusetts had red blood cells
      that were polymorphic. The majority of cells (88%) showed a bright, granular
      luminescence varying from white to blue-grey, whereas, cytoplasm of the other
      cells was smooth, black, and nonluminescent. On the other hand, tadpoles in
      similar stages from other species (Rana clamitans, Mass. and Rana pipens,
      Vermont) and from R. catesbeiana tadpoles from other locations (Wisconsin and
      North Carolina) had no observable cytoplasmic luminescence in any of their red
      blood cells. Moreover, as Mass. R. catesbeiana underwent metamorphic climax their
      luminescent cells disappeared and were replaced by small, round, dark,
      nonluminescent cells, precursors of the oval, nonluminescent erythrocytes
      characteristic of adult frogs. Cells with black nonluminescent cytoplasm
      generally contained nuclei which were luminescent. In conclusion, two main types
      of red blood cells-those with and those without cytoplasmic luminescence-are
      distinguishable with dark field microscopy. Luminescence of the cells varies with
      species, geographic location, and developmental stage of the tadpoles.

PMID- 3877174
TI  - Increased susceptibility of patients with cervical cord lesions to peptic
      gastrointestinal complications.
AB  - The incidence and risk factors in the development of hemorrhaging and perforating
      gastrointestinal (GI) lesions in 408 patients with cervical column/cord injury
      were studied retrospectively. Most injuries were caused by blunt trauma (94.1%).
      Male patients predominated (83.6%); the mean patient age was 35.8 years. Of the
      408 patients, 190 (46.6%) had complete cord deficits, 111 (27.2%) had incomplete
      deficits, and 107 (26.2%) were intact. Admission shock (systolic BP less than 100
      mm Hg) was present in 31.6% and 20.7% of patients with complete and incomplete
      lesions, respectively, and in 4.7% of those intact. Patients with complete
      deficits received corticosteroids for 2 days; patients with incomplete deficits
      received them for 7 to 10 days. Eleven of the 107 intact patients (10.3%)
      received steroids. All patients received standard antacid therapy. Nine patients
      without previous GI disease developed peptic ulcerations: six gastric and three
      duodenal lesions (six were perforated) that required surgical intervention; all
      occurred in patients with complete deficits. Both the 4.7% incidence of the
      lesions in those patients compared with the other victims of cervical trauma and
      an estimated 0.1% incidence among more than 6,000 other seriously injured
      patients are significant (p less than 0.005, p less than 0.001). Steroids were
      not an ulcerogenic factor.

PMID- 3877175
TI  - An HPLC method for the determination of flunixin in bovine plasma and milk.

PMID- 3877176
TI  - Amplification of rabies virus-induced stimulation of human T-cell lines and
      clones by antigen-specific antibodies.
AB  - The effect of antigen-specific antibodies on the response of human T-cell lines
      and clones to rabies virus was studied. Plasmas from rabies-immune vaccine
      recipients, but not those from nonimmune individuals, enhanced the proliferative
      response of rabies-reactive T cells to whole inactivated virus or to the purified
      glycoprotein and nucleocapsid from the rabies virion. Rabies-immune plasma also
      increased the antigen-induced production of gamma interferon by the rabies
      specific T-cell lines. Experiments performed on T-cell clones specific for either
      rabies glycoprotein or nucleocapsid showed that immune plasma as well as
      antiglycoprotein and antinucleoprotein murine monoclonal antibodies possessed the
      capacity to increase significantly the antigen-induced proliferative responses of
      these clones. The overall results indicate that this in vitro effect of antigen
      specific antibodies on the response of regulatory T lymphocytes to rabies virus
      could be an important factor in the development of effective immune responses in
      vivo to rabies virus.

PMID- 3877177
TI  - Pseudomembranous colitis following low dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
AB  - A 94-year-old man had pseudomembranous colitis while taking low dose trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole for recurrent urinary tract infection. The suppressive effect of
      low dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on normal colonic flora appeared to be a
      factor in the development of pseudomembranous colitis in this patient.

PMID- 3877178
TI  - Seven-year experience with polytetrafluoroethylene as above-knee femoropopliteal
      bypass graft. Is is worthwhile to preserve the autologous saphenous vein?
AB  - A 7-year experience with 90 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) femoropopliteal bypass
      grafts in the above-knee (AK) position is presented. The 5- and 7-year actuarial
      patency rate was 58.3%. No statistical difference was found between the patency
      rate of this series and that of a group of 17 AK and 77 below-knee (BK)
      femoropopliteal bypass grafts performed during the same period with the
      autologous saphenous vein (ASV). During the follow-up period (range 6 to 84
      months, mean 42 months) a new bypass in a more distal location was required in 20
      limbs. The ASV was available in seven of the eight PTFE graft failures and in
      only one of the 12 ASV failures. The 3-year patency rate of these new groups was
      58.3% and 16.7%, respectively (p less than 0.02). Eighteen of the 48 deaths
      occurring during the follow-up period were related to atherosclerotic heart
      disease, whereas only one patient underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Five
      hundred patients randomly selected from our series of myocardial
      revascularization procedures were reviewed. In five a femorodistal reconstruction
      was performed before coronary artery bypass, and in only two (0.4%), the ASV was
      not available. PTFE use in the AK position may be a reasonable alternative to the
      ASV to preserve it for additional treatment of more distal occlusive disease.
      There is no evidence that such a need exists for further treatment of coronary
      artery disease.

PMID- 3877179
TI  - Breast feeding, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, and liver disease.

PMID- 3877180
TI  - Massive gastric hemorrhage in a neonate. Diagnosis and control by umbilical
      artery catheterization and intra-arterial vasopressin infusion.

PMID- 3877181
TI  - Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in Alzheimer's disease. In vivo imaging with
      iodine 123-labeled 3-quinuclidinyl-4-iodobenzilate and emission tomography.
AB  - In vivo imaging of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding function in a
      patient with Alzheimer's disease, using single-photon emission computed
      tomography and iodine 123-labeled 3-quinuclidinyl-4-iodobenzilate (123I-QNB), and
      perfusion imaging using 123I-N-isopropyl p-iodoamphetamine are described. A
      profound decrease in perfusion to the posterior temporal and parietal cortex and
      a more uniform uptake of 123I-QNB throughout the cerebral cortex were observed.
      The 123I-QNB activity ratio was reduced compared with that of a normal age
      matched subject, suggesting a moderate impairment in muscarinic receptor binding
      function in Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, and more importantly, our study
      demonstrates that images of in vivo receptor binding can be obtained easily and
      nontraumatically using 123I-QNB and single-photon emission computed tomography.

PMID- 3877183
TI  - Alzheimer's disease and corticotropin-releasing factor.

PMID- 3877182
TI  - Corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in senile dementia of the
      Alzheimer type. Reduced cortical and striatal concentrations.
AB  - The concentration of corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity (CRF
      LI) in the human central nervous system was measured by radioimmunoassay in
      postmortem tissue of control patients and in those with histologically confirmed
      senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT). In the controls, CRF-LI was found
      in high concentrations in the hypothalamus and frontal cortex (Brodmann's area
      10), in moderate concentrations in amygdala, substantia innominata, temporal and
      parietal cortex (Brodmann's areas 38 and 7), and the caudate nucleus, and in low
      concentrations in posterior hippocampus and nucleus accumbens. A marked reduction
      in the concentration of CRF-LI was observed in the frontal and temporal cortex
      (approximately 50%) as well as in the caudate nucleus (approximately 70%) in the
      SDAT group. The present findings suggest that neurons containing corticotropin
      releasing factor are pathologically altered in SDAT, in addition to the
      previously described cholinergic and somatostatinergic neuronal degeneration.

PMID- 3877185
TI  - [Effect of purified erythropoietin on hemopoietic progenitor cells].

PMID- 3877184
TI  - Noninvasive evaluation of regional myocardial perfusion with positron emission
      computed tomography.
AB  - Positron emission computed tomography (PET) offers regional measurement of
      physiological and biochemical processes in vivo. We have constructed a whole-body
      multislice PET scanner, which provides 7 tomographic images at 16 mm intervals
      simultaneously. The high sensitivity with good spatial resolution of this system
      permits dynamic studies of the heart. PET scan of the heart was performed
      following intravenous bolus injection of 13N labeled ammonia. Serial dynamic
      images in normal cases showed early accumulation of tracer in the myocardium and
      rapid clearance from the cardiac blood pool. Delayed clearance from the blood and
      prolonged retention in the dorsal part of the lungs were observed in cases with
      myocardial infarction. A perfusion defect was clearly visualized in myocardial
      infarction except for infarction of the inferior wall. Transient ischemia was
      also visualized with exercise loading. Thus, PET with 13N ammonia is a valuable
      diagnostic tool for the evaluation of regional myocardial perfusion in coronary
      artery disease.

PMID- 3877186
TI  - [Immunological abnormalities in hemophiliacs].

PMID- 3877187
TI  - [Chronic myelogenous leukemia presenting pre-T cell crisis in lymph nodes].

PMID- 3877188
TI  - [A case of adult T-cell leukemia with disseminated strongyloidiasis].

PMID- 3877189
TI  - [Drug-induced jaundice].

PMID- 3877190
TI  - Antitumor activity of D-mannosamine in vitro: cytotoxic effect produced by
      mannosamine in combination with free fatty acids on human leukemia T-cell lines.
AB  - Cytotoxic effects of mannosamine and free fatty acids on human malignant T
      lymphoid cell lines derived from patients with T-cell leukemia were investigated.
      The combination of mannosamine and an unsaturated fatty acid (oleate or
      linoleate) produced more striking cytotoxic effects on malignant lymphoid cells
      than on normal human lymphocytes. The amino sugars glucosamine or mannosamine in
      the combination caused a synergistic cytotoxic effect, while the other
      carbohydrates (N-acetylmannosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, or mannose) had little
      effect. On the other hand, the effect of saturated fatty acids (palmitate or
      stearate) in the same system was nil. An unsaturated fatty acid (oleate) caused
      an increase in lipid fluidity of the surface membrane in MOLT-4 lymphoid cells,
      which possess higher lipid fluidity in combination with mannosamine, while
      saturated fatty acids had no effect on the fluidity properties of the membrane
      lipids (even in the presence of mannosamine). The relationship between
      mannosamine and unsaturated fatty acids in cytolysis was discussed.

PMID- 3877191
TI  - [T cell function in psoriasis--effects of PUVA therapy].

PMID- 3877192
TI  - [Increased production of interleukin-1 by macrophage from the patients with
      chronic liver disease and its implication for liver fibrosis].

PMID- 3877193
TI  - [Studies on the role of serum alpha-1-antitrypsin on chronicity of viral
      hepatitis].

PMID- 3877194
TI  - [A case of hereditary alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency with early liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 3877195
TI  - [A diagnostic information management system for the evaluation of medical
      images].

PMID- 3877196
TI  - [Usefulness of the fast dynamic study in cardiac positron CT].

PMID- 3877197
TI  - [Measurement of the regional wash out rate in stress thallium-201 myocardial
      scintigraphy using single photon emission computed tomography--especially in the
      ischemic segment from coronary spasm and the myocardial infarction segment].

PMID- 3877198
TI  - [Evaluation of the regurgitant fraction of left-sided valvular regurgitation by
      gated cardiac blood pool scan using SPECT].

PMID- 3877199
TI  - [A method of obtaining accurate correlations between the positron emission
      tomogram and the X-ray computed tomogram].

PMID- 3877200
TI  - Effects of Ca2+ on the decay of rhodopsin photoproducts and photoreceptor
      adaptation in the isolated bullfrog retina.
AB  - Relationships between the change in threshold of the fast PIII response and the
      rhodopsin photoproduct content were studied in the isolated bullfrog retina
      treated with Ba2+ and aspartate. A reduction in the extracellular Ca2+
      concentration from 1.0 to 0.01 mM caused an increase in the decay rate of 380 nm
      absorbing photoproducts (metarhodopsin II and retinal) and metarhodopsin III. In
      both normal and low Ca2+ solutions, the threshold change after bleaching of about
      50% of rhodopsin was closely related to the 380 nm absorbing photoproducts. The
      results suggest that the intermediate adaptation process of rods may be regulated
      by the 380 nm absorbing photoproducts.

PMID- 3877201
TI  - Differentiation of the active sodium transport system during metamorphosis in
      Rana catesbeiana skin in relation to cadmium- and amiloride-induced responses.
AB  - The differentiation of the sodium active transport system across Rana catesbeiana
      skin during metamorphosis was investigated and the system was analyzed by the
      effects of Cd2+ and amiloride. Active transport of Na in the frog skin first
      appeared at stage XXI of the tadpole, indicated by the appearance of a potential
      difference (PD) and a short circuit current (SCC) across the skin. The effects of
      epidermal application of Cd2+ and amiloride on the various indicators of active
      Na transport were as follows: (1) Cd2+ increased PD and SCC after stage XXII; (2)
      Cd2+ also increased the skin resistance (RM) from stage B to XXIII, but decreased
      it after stage XXV; and (3) amiloride decreased PD and SCC but increased RM after
      stage XXI. The adult frog skin can be expressed as an equivalent circuit by three
      parameters: ENa, the electromotive force of the active Na current, and RNa and R
      sigma, corresponding to the resistance to the active Na current and the
      resistance of the shunt pathway, respectively. These three parameters were
      calculated from the amiloride effect on PD and SCC. ENa was almost null and RNa
      was infinite until stage XX. ENa then gradually increased, while RNa was fairly
      constant between 10 and 20 k omega . cm2 after stage XXI. R sigma gradually
      increased during metamorphosis. These data suggest that there is not an active Na
      pathway but a passive one in the early stage of metamorphosis of the tadpole, and
      that the active Na transport system suddenly appears at stage XXI and gradually
      develops thereafter.

PMID- 3877202
TI  - Functional change in the rat spinal cord by chronic spinal transection and
      possible roles of monoamine neurons.
AB  - Two types of spinal reflex responses, extensor reflex and ventral root potential,
      were compared physiologically and pharmacologically in acute and chronic spinal
      cord transected rats. The recovery curve of the extensor reflex, recorded as
      evoked electromyogram, in chronic spinal rats was strikingly different from that
      in acute spinal rats. Namely, shortening of the reflex amplitude suppression
      period (stimulus interval: 20 msec) and appearance of the supernormal period (30
      60 msec) were observed in chronic spinal rats. The recovery curves of ventral
      root potential (monosynaptic reflex) and M wave were almost the same in both
      preparations. In the frequency depression curve, the amplitude of the extensor
      reflex in chronic spinal rats was higher at high frequency stimulation than that
      in acute spinal rats. 5-Hydroxytryptophan, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine and
      quipazine enhanced the extensor reflex in chronic spinal rats with a potency of
      200-400, 8 and 4 times stronger than that in acute spinal rats, respectively.
      These drugs did not show consistent effects on the monosynaptic reflex of ventral
      root potential in chronic spinal rats. These results strongly suggest that the
      spinal interneurons where descending serotonergic fibers terminate become
      supersensitive and functionally modified in chronic spinal rats. It is speculated
      that the supersensitivity of these interneurons may play an important role in
      spasticity.

PMID- 3877203
TI  - [The accessory cell function of human alveolar macrophages in T lymphocyte
      proliferative responses].

PMID- 3877204
TI  - [Androgen receptor in the prostate: studies on factors affecting the reliability
      of the assay].

PMID- 3877205
TI  - [Evaluation of vitamin D "interval administration" for the prevention of rickets
      in infancy].

PMID- 3877206
TI  - [Significance and incidence of intralobular lung sequestration in childhood].

PMID- 3877207
TI  - [Treatment results in gastroduodenal hemorrhages].

PMID- 3877208
TI  - [T-cell immunity in obstructive jaundice of tumor etiology].

PMID- 3877209
TI  - [Function of the microcirculation and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in
      liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 3877210
TI  - [Organizational and treatment tactics of the medical aviation surgeon-consultant
      in gastroduodenal hemorrhages at a rural hospital].

PMID- 3877211
TI  - [Effect of surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer on immune status].

PMID- 3877212
TI  - [Effect of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on precursor cells of osteogenesis in
      immobilized rats].
AB  - The experiments were carried out on Wistar SPF rats that were immobilized for 35
      days. By heterotopic marrow cell transplantation under the kidney capsule to the
      normal rats and by cloning these cells in vitro it was found that osteogenetic
      potentials were significantly inhibited and the amount of osteogenetic precursor
      cells was reduced. The addition of 24,25(OH)2D3 vitamin (at a dose of 1.25
      micrograms per day) to the animal diet led to the normalization of the above
      parameters. It is assumed that immobilization-associated osteoporosis develops
      via, among other mechanisms, inhibition of histogenesis of stromal precursor
      cells. The beneficial role of vitamin D3 is actually the activation of
      histogenesis of these cells which results in the recovery of bone remodelling
      during immobilization.

PMID- 3877213
TI  - [Primary results of rat experiments with long-term rotation in relation to the
      problem of artificial gravity].
AB  - Rats housed as a group per cage were centrifuged for 21 and 30 days at 1.1 and
      2.0 G. The following parameters were measured: motor activity, body mass, static
      and dynamic endurance, acceleration (+Gz) tolerance, vestibular function,
      equilibrium function, skeletal muscle contractility, bone dynamics, gas exchange,
      blood biochemistry; weight of adrenals, thymus and thyroid gland; morphology of
      adrenals, thyroid gland, and cortex of the cerebellum nodulus; biochemistry of
      blood hormones, energy metabolism enzymes in the liver, bone phosphatases, myosin
      Ca-Mg-ATPase in the myocardium, protein sulfhydryl groups in the cerebellar motor
      cortex. The study has demonstrated that prolonged (1/50 of their life time)
      centrifugation of unrestrained rats causes no deterioration of many physiological
      functions, i.e., rotation produces no adverse effects on the animal body.

PMID- 3877214
TI  - A comparison of Cell Saver versus ultrafilter during coronary artery bypass
      operations.
AB  - A study was performed to evaluate two blood conservation techniques that can be
      used with high-volume crystalloid cardioplegia. Twenty-seven patients undergoing
      coronary artery bypass with high-volume crystalloid cardioplegia were randomized
      into two groups: In 12 Group I patients the coronary sinus effluent was drained
      into a Cell Saver and the recovered, washed red cells were then reinfused. In 15
      Group II patients the coronary sinus effluent was absorbed systemically and
      excess volume was removed from the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit by an
      ultrafilter. These two groups were compared with a retrospective control group in
      which the cardioplegic solution had been evacuated from the right atrium and
      discarded. Both the techniques resulted in significant and equivalent red blood
      cell conservation compared with the retrospective control group. The ultrafilter
      was associated with less derangement of prothrombin time. More complete potassium
      removal was provided by the Cell Saver.

PMID- 3877215
TI  - The relative influence of arterial pressure versus intraoperative distention on
      lipid accumulation in primate vein bypass grafts.
AB  - Atherosclerotic degeneration has been well documented to be the limiting factor
      for long-term function of aortacoronary vein bypass grafts. Injury, including
      that induced by pressure distention in preparation for grafting, is thought to
      play a role in this degeneration. Injury can be minimized by limiting the
      distending pressure, but vein grafts are chronically subjected to arterial
      pressures that far exceed native venous pressure. We evaluated the relative
      influence of arterial pressure and of higher pressure of distention on
      cholesterol and apolipoprotein-B accumulation by grafts in our established animal
      model of graft atherogenesis. Grafts were interposed in the femoral arteries of
      eight normolipemic stump-tailed macaque monkeys. Before insertion, each vein was
      distended at 125 mm Hg (arterial pressure) for 1 minute with autologous blood,
      followed by distention of one half of the vein at 350 mm Hg for 1 additional
      minute. Grafts and ungrafted control vein were removed 3 months later.
      Cholesterol concentration in grafts distended at 125 mm Hg was 213% (p less than
      0.01) and apolipoprotein-B concentration was 430% (p less than 0.001) of that in
      ungrafted control veins, whereas in grafts distended at 350 mm Hg cholesterol was
      250% (p less than 0.01) and apolipoprotein-B was 925% (p less than 0.001) of the
      control concentrations. Although morphologic differences between the two groups
      of grafts were less profound than biochemical differences, foam cells were
      observed more frequently in grafts distended at 350 mm Hg than in those distended
      at 125 mm Hg. These data demonstrate that chronic exposure to arterial pressure
      has a significant effect on graft cholesterol that is proportionally greater than
      that caused by intraoperative distention at moderate pressure. Nevertheless, the
      detrimental effects of excessive distending pressures should not be ignored.

PMID- 3877216
TI  - Tracheal repair with fibrin glue.
AB  - This animal study evaluated Fibrin Sealant, a multicomponent biologic adhesive,
      in tracheal operations. We conclude that the use of Fibrin Sealant in tracheal
      reconstruction results in a stable, leakless trachea, has good systemic and local
      compatibility, promotes tracheal wound healing, and reduces significantly the
      number of sutures required for end-to-end anastomosis.

PMID- 3877217
TI  - A method of treating serous fluid leak from a polytetrafluoroethylene Blalock
      Taussig shunt.
AB  - A 3 1/2-year-old girl with complex cyanotic congenital heart disease underwent
      palliation with a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt, for which a 6 mm
      polytetrafluoroethylene graft was used. Seroma formation with serous leakage
      occurred. Two periods of conservative management failed. At reoperation,
      treatment of the graft with intraluminal "fibrin glue" resulted in immediate
      resolution of the leak.

PMID- 3877218
TI  - A case of postoperative internal mammary steal.

PMID- 3877219
TI  - Computer analysis of vestibular responses to putative neurotransmitters.
AB  - An inexpensive microcomputer (Commodore 64K) based system was developed for the
      analysis of neural spike trains. The trains were recorded from single ampullary
      units in response to mechanical stimulation of the isolated semicircular canal of
      the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). A BASIC program provided a number of options
      while machine language subroutines generated interstimulus interval (ISI) and
      peristimulus time (PST) histograms. Up to thirty 5-s spike trains could be
      combined for analysis (0.1 ms resolution ISI, 100 ms bin width PST). Histograms
      and summary statistics were saved on floppy disks. The cost of adding this
      computer system to an existing neurophysiology laboratory is less than US $600
      (printed, tape, and disk versions of these programs are available). The system
      was used to measure vestibular responses to putative vestibular neurotransmitters
      such as carbachol (an acetylcholine mimic) (Rossi et al., 1980) and gamma
      aminobutyric acid (GABA) (Flock and Lam, 1974).

PMID- 3877220
TI  - Duodenal duplication cyst causing massive bleeding in an adult: an unusual
      complication of a duplication cyst of the digestive tract.
AB  - Duodenal duplication cysts are rare malformations that characteristically
      manifest with intestinal obstruction. In a 50-year experience, we found a
      duodenal duplication cyst in only three patients, one of whom had massive
      gastrointestinal bleeding as the initial symptom. Six other duplication cysts
      (two esophageal, one jejunal, and three ileal) were found. All patients who had
      extraduodenal intestinal cysts were neonates or infants who initially had an
      abdominal mass or obstruction. Of the two patients with an esophageal cyst, one
      had odynophagia and the other had respiratory obstruction. Unusual features of
      our series of patients were male preponderance (eight of nine patients), the low
      incidence of other developmental abnormalities, and, in the patients with the
      duodenal cysts, an age of 14 years or older at the time of onset of symptoms and
      diagnosis. In an adult, a duodenal duplication cyst may cause upper
      gastrointestinal hemorrhage. This cause of gastrointestinal bleeding should be
      considered in the differential diagnosis if an intramural duodenal mass is
      detected within the medial wall of the second portion of the duodenum distal to
      the papilla of Vater.

PMID- 3877221
TI  - Respective roles of immune and nutritional factors in the priming of the immune
      response in the elderly.
AB  - Ninety-six institutionalized elderly (greater than 70 years old) (mean age: 82 +/
      7 years) subjects, negative for tetanus toxoid antibodies were primed with
      tetanus toxoid vaccination and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Correlations were
      studied between some immunological parameters, nutritional parameters prior to
      immunization and the immune response intensity after it. Levels of tetanus toxoid
      specific IgG (ELISA assay) were positively correlated with monocyte phagocytosis,
      DNCB response and prealbumin levels, and negatively correlated with total IgG,
      monocyte immune degradation and tetanus toxoid lymphocyte stimulation. No
      correlation was observed with IgA, IgM, PHA stimulation. Tetanus toxoid
      lymphocyte stimulation correlated positively with response to DNCB, and
      negatively with tetanus toxoid IgG as well as total IgG. DNCB response correlated
      with prealbumin, tetanus toxoid IgG and tetanus toxoid lymphocyte stimulation.
      Therefore, it appears that malnutrition, as measured by prealbumin level, is one
      of the main factors contributing to the inconstant senile immunodeficiency.
      Monocyte antigenic degradation function unaltered with age can impair immune
      response while conserved or increased phagocytosis enhances immune response in
      the elderly. High total IgG levels were linked with low specific responses to
      priming antigens. High specific antibody levels also correlated negatively with
      cellular specific response. It is assumed that regulatory IgG antibody
      accumulation, likely anti-idiotypic antibodies, play an important role in senile
      immunological depletion.

PMID- 3877222
TI  - Production, characteristics and mode of action of hemopoietic growth inhibitors
      in myeloid leukemias.
AB  - The best characterized hemopoietic growth inhibitors in myeloid leukemias are
      leukemia associated inhibitor (LAI) and leukemia inhibitory activity (LIA). Both
      are normal cell products overproduced in leukemia. LIA is identical with acid
      isoferritins and LAI is not identical with LIA. They act in different ways to
      inhibit normal stem cell growth. The overproduction of these putative normal
      regulators may explain the suppression of normal hemopoiesis typical of myeloid
      leukemias. Modulation of the production and the action of LAI and LIA may have
      potential therapeutic value in leukemia.

PMID- 3877223
TI  - [Therapy of portal hypertension in childhood].
AB  - From 1980 to 1984 fortyeight children with portal hypertension were treated, 37
      out of these had a prehepatic bloc. In 19 children a sclerotherapy was performed.
      Seven times a bleeding recurrency occurred and an esophageal stenosis was seen in
      2 cases. The distal splenorenal shunt (Warren) was performed 16 times. All
      children survived, one pneumonia and one slight pancreatitis were observed post
      operatively. Four times a shunt obstruction was found at follow-up examinations.
      Bleeding recurrencies did not appear.

PMID- 3877224
TI  - [Colorectal cancer as surgical emergency].
AB  - 295 out of 3014 patients (9.8%) treated for colorectal carcinoma between 01/1969
      and 12/1983 presented as emergencies. The postoperative mortality rate of 28% was
      high in the emergency group compared with 6% after elective surgery. The tumor
      stage was far more advanced with 27% distant metastases. The overall 37% 5-year
      survival rate was significantly different from that after elective operations
      (57%, p.o. deaths not included). Differences were statistically not significant
      when respective UICC-stages were compared.

PMID- 3877225
TI  - [The achievement of surgery in the overall therapy plan in Crohn disease].
AB  - The analysis of 205 prospectively investigated patients with Crohn's disease
      under conservative (112) and operative (93) treatment with essentially comparable
      distribution of age and duration of the disease resulted in a significantly
      better outcome of the operated patients judging by the time free of recurrencies
      and the frequency of recurrencies for the localisation of ileocolitis and
      colitis. In ileitis, however, the results are nearly equal for both groups. The
      results warrant a more liberal indication for operation especially in those
      patients with involved colon.

PMID- 3877226
TI  - [Is there progress in the operative treatment of sigmoid diverticulitis].
AB  - A high percentage of people in the civilized Western world develops colonic
      diverticula. Signs of illness are coming from inflammation around the
      diverticula. Resection therapy is indicated after several inflammation episodes.
      The operation has often to be performed in case of emergency: Ileus, bleeding,
      perforation. We recommend the primary resection of the sigmoid colon with an
      transverse colostomy or the Hartmann operation even in case of perforation or
      peritonitis. We operated 140 patients. The mortality rate in our hospital was 12%
      of the elective and 27% of the emergency operations.

PMID- 3877227
TI  - [Cancer prevention of the skin].
AB  - Skin cancer is the most common human carcinoma. There has been a dramatic
      increase of the incidence over the last decades. This trend is very likely caused
      by the increased UV-light exposition of the population. Whereas basalioma and
      spinalioma as the most frequent types of skin cancer have a low mortality, the
      bad prognosis of malignant melanoma is the reason for the 100% increase of the
      mortality rate over the last ten years. Cancer prophylaxis means the early
      detection of precancerous or suspect lesions. Popular information on the risk and
      a more generous indication for excision are the best instruments to lower the
      mortality of skin cancer.

PMID- 3877229
TI  - [Blood protein concentrations--are they parameters of disease activity in Crohn's
      disease?].
AB  - Concentrations of 19 different proteins were measured after hospital admission,
      before hospital discharge and 3 months thereafter in 40 patients suffering from
      an acute episode of Crohn's disease. Serum levels of acute phase proteins (alpha
      1-glycoprotein, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, CRP, haptoglobin)
      and immunoglobulin M corresponded to the severity of inflammatory symptoms and
      correlated significantly with CDAI (Crohn's disease activity index). Albumin and
      transferrin were characteristic for nutritional status of the patient under basal
      conditions and during nutritional therapy. Prealbumin and retinol-binding protein
      behaved similarly, but results were not significant. The measurement of the
      proteins mentioned give valuable clues in regard to the course of the disease and
      therapeutic success in Crohn's disease.

PMID- 3877228
TI  - [Value of the gastrografin enema in the diagnosis of ileus].
AB  - From 1978-1984 421 patients were examined by colon enema with gastrografin. The
      indication in 246 cases was an acute abdomen, in 172 patients the procedure has
      been performed postoperatively, 3 patients suffered from gastrointestinal
      bleeding. 81 of 236 pathological findings showed an ileus. 58 of them underwent
      an operation. The cause of the ileus were tumors of the colon, extraluminal
      tumors as well as performations and inflammations. In 55 cases the findings of
      the gastrografin enema were confirmed by the operation, one was proved to be
      false negative, one uncertain and one false positive. Therefore the diagnostic
      accuracy of this procedure amounted to 96%.

PMID- 3877231
TI  - [Prevention and therapy of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage].
AB  - 85% of all gastrointestinal bleeding occurs in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
      For this reason prophylactic and therapeutic efforts concentrate on the
      esophagus, stomach and duodenum. Prophylaxis of stress ulcers with H2-blockers
      and, in some specially endangered patients, with a combination treatment is well
      accepted. In regard to therapy of bleeding complications, however, medical and
      surgical treatment procedures compete. Stopping the bleeding during diagnostic
      endoscopy has gained considerable importance. Success depends - just as does
      success of pharmacotherapy - upon intensity of bleeding and morphology of the
      bleeding source (Forrest criteria). For prophylaxis of bleeding relapses from
      peptic lesions H2-blockers in combination with antacids or pirenzepine are
      treatment of choice.

PMID- 3877230
TI  - [Ischemia of the cecum caused by glycylpressin].
AB  - A case report is given of a patient with severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding,
      the source of which could not be localized immediately. Glycylpressin (GP) was
      applied since bleeding from esophageal varices was suspected. During surgery a
      gastric ulcer was found penetrating into the pancreas and eroding the splenic
      artery. A segmental ischemic necrosis of the coecum was found as well, - a
      complication not yet reported after use of GP. Problems of using GP as a
      therapeutic agent and especially intestinal necrosis as a complication are
      discussed. The patient had gastrectomy, splenectomy and hemicolectomy and
      recovered well.

PMID- 3877232
TI  - HPLC-assay with electrochemical detection for the neurotoxin MPTP, its metabolite
      MPP+ and MPTP-analogues in biological samples after purification over Sephadex
      G10.
AB  - A sensitive and selective method for assaying the neurotoxin MPTP and some MPTP
      analogues in mouse brain and serum is described. The method is based on isolation
      of the compounds from biological samples on small Sephadex G10 columns followed
      by reverse phase HPLC with amperometric detection. HPLC separation was performed
      at pH 3, after which the pH was increased to 6.8 by mixing the column effluent
      with 0.5 M phosphate pH 9, to provide the conditions required for electrochemical
      detection. A metabolite of MPTP, MPP+, was determined as MPTP after reduction
      with NaBH4. This assay allows the determination of brain and serum concentrations
      in the pmol/g range of administered MPTP and MPTP-analogues and the effects of
      these substances on dopamine and its metabolites in the same tissue sample.

PMID- 3877233
TI  - Inhibition of plasma prolactin in the rat by amantadine.
AB  - A single iv injection of 15 or 30 but not 7.5 mg/kg BW of an antiviral drug,
      amantadine, significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased plasma prolactin (PRL)
      concentrations in male rats. This effect was dose-dependent, with the highest
      dose producing a longer-lasting decrease in plasma PRL. The amantadine-induced
      decrease was unaffected by a simultaneous injection of 5-hydroxytryptophan (30
      mg/kg BW) but was completely blocked by a simultaneous injection of haloperidol
      (0.05 mg/kg BW). It is concluded that this novel effect of amantadine on PRL is
      produced by an interaction with the dopaminergic system.

PMID- 3877234
TI  - Coronary artery bypass surgery.

PMID- 3877235
TI  - The reaction of the respiratory tract to chronic NO2 exposure.

PMID- 3877237
TI  - Regeneration of frog twitch and slow muscle fibers after mincing.
AB  - Iliofibularis muscles of Rana temporaria were minced and allowed to regenerate in
      the iliofibularis or the sartorius bed of the same frog. Regenerated muscles were
      examined for the presence of slow muscle fibers using electrophysiologic,
      histochemical, and contractile parameters. Muscle regeneration from sartorius
      mince was also studied. Regeneration was more successful from iliofibularis than
      from sartorius mince, and the iliofibularis bed was more favorable for
      regeneration than the sartorius bed for both types of muscle. Twitch fibers
      regenerated within a few months, but slow fibers could not be identified earlier
      than 14 months after muscle destruction. Slow muscle fibers regenerated only from
      iliofibularis mince, both orthotopically and heterotopically. All regenerates
      capable of maintaining a K-contracture contained histochemically identified slow
      fibers; the membrane properties of electrophysiologically identified slow fibers
      were normal. It is concluded that slow muscle fibers regenerate only from the
      remnants of a muscle that contains slow fibers. The results are discussed with
      respect to the role of innervating nerve fibers.

PMID- 3877236
TI  - Treatment of refractory chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy with lymphoid
      irradiation.
AB  - Four patients with refractory or poorly responsive chronic progressive
      demyelinating polyneuropathy (CPDP) were treated with total lymphoid irradiation
      (total dose, 2000 rad) in an uncontrolled feasibility study. All patients had
      previously failed conventional therapy for CPDP, as well as other unconventional
      treatments. During a follow-up period of 7 to 12 months after total lymphoid
      irradiation, there was a profound and sustained suppression of the absolute
      lymphocyte count and in vitro lymphocyte function, as well as an increase in the
      ratio of Leu-2 (suppressor/cytotoxic subset) to Leu-3 (helper/inducer subset) T
      cells in the blood. Three of the four patients demonstrated improvement in distal
      muscle strength, and this was associated with increased functional capabilities
      in two patients. In contrast, no clinical improvement in sensation was noted in
      any patient. Nerve conduction studies showed patchy improvement in three
      patients. The results of this preliminary uncontrolled study indicate that
      radiotherapy deserves further study in the treatment of CPDP.

PMID- 3877238
TI  - Coronary revascularization for recurrent pulmonary edema in elderly patients with
      ischemic heart disease and preserved ventricular function.

PMID- 3877239
TI  - Lack of benefit from cervical cord stimulation for dystonia.

PMID- 3877240
TI  - Recurrent sinopulmonary infection and impaired antibody response to bacterial
      capsular polysaccharide antigen in children with selective IgG-subclass
      deficiency.
AB  - We studied 20 children with recurrent sinopulmonary infections and serum IgG
      levels within the normal range, who had selective IgG-subclass deficiency. Twelve
      of the children were IgG2 deficient, five were IgG3 deficient, and three were
      deficient in both IgG2 and IgG3. IgA deficiency was present in 3 of the 20
      patients. In the children with IgG2 deficiency, serum antibody concentrations to
      the capsular polysaccharide of Hemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) were
      significantly lower than those in age-matched controls, both before and after
      immunization with the Hib capsular polysaccharide antigen, which elicits antibody
      predominantly of the IgG2 subclass. In contrast, their serum antibody titers to
      the tetanus and diphtheria toxoid protein antigens, which elicit antibody
      predominantly of the IgG1 subclass, were normal in comparison with those of age
      matched controls. These results suggest that impairment of the antibody response
      to specific microbial antigens predisposes patients with selective IgG-subclass
      deficiencies to recurrent infections. Thus, as an aid in determining therapy,
      children with recurrent infections and normal total serum IgG should be evaluated
      for this condition.

PMID- 3877241
TI  - Positron emission tomography. Progress in brain imaging.

PMID- 3877242
TI  - Selective activation of Lyt 2+ precursor T cells by ligation of the antigen
      receptor.
AB  - Resting T lymphocytes may be activated either physiologically, by the specific
      recognition of antigen in association with molecules encoded by the major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC), or non-physiologically using mitogens such as
      concanavalin A (Con A). The former activation process is difficult to analyse
      because resting precursor T cells specific for a particular antigen-MHC
      combination can only be isolated in the presence of a large excess of bystander
      cells of irrelevant specificity; clonal populations of uniform specificity are
      not useful for studying the activation of naive T cells because there is no
      reason to believe that such cloned cells ever return to the state of resting
      precursors. Mitogens may activate a large fraction of resting T cells, but
      analysis is again complicated because the target molecule(s) of most mitogens is
      unknown and the relationship of this kind of activation to physiological
      induction by antigen plus MHC molecules remains unclear. By using a monoclonal
      antibody specific for the antigen receptors on approximately 25% of all T cells
      of both Lyt 2+ and Lyt 2- subsets, we have studied the induction of lymphokine
      responsiveness in resting normal T cells. This antibody, immobilized on Sepharose
      beads, is sufficient to activate Lyt 2+ T cells, but not Lyt 2- T cells, to
      clonal expansion in the presence of a mixture of lymphokines (10% rat spleen Con
      A supernatant). We report here that clonal growth of the T cells obeys single-hit
      kinetics in limiting-dilution microcultures, suggesting that a single cell type
      is limiting. We conclude that cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (Tc) precursors require only
      ligation of the antigen receptor before they become responsive to lymphokines,
      whereas helper T-lymphocyte (Th) precursors require additional signals.

PMID- 3877243
TI  - Plakalbumin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, antithrombin and the mechanism of inflammatory
      thrombosis.
AB  - An old puzzle in protein biochemistry concerns the ready conversion of ovalbumin,
      by proteolysis, to the much more stable derivative, plakalbumin. Ovalbumin is now
      known to belong to the serpin superfamily, most of which are serine proteinase
      inhibitors. We report here studies of two such members of the family, the human
      plasma proteins alpha 1-antitrypsin and antithrombin, and show that they undergo
      a similar change in stability on selective proteolysis. This change, which is
      accompanied by a loss of inhibitory activity, can best be considered as an
      irreversible molecular transition from a native stressed (S) conformation, to a
      more ordered relaxed (R) form. The maintenance of the native S conformation, and
      hence the maintenance of inhibitory activity, is critically dependent on the
      integrity of an exposed loop of polypeptide. We propose that the susceptibility
      of this peptide loop to proteolytic cleavage gives it an incidental role as a
      physiological switch which allows the inactivation of individual inhibitors by
      specific proteolysis. The vulnerability of this exposed loop in each inhibitor
      also explains the pathological action of a number of venoms and toxins. In
      particular, the demonstration here of the cleavage of antithrombin, by leukocyte
      elastase, explains an observed change in blood coagulation that accompanies
      severe inflammation and which can result in fatal thrombosis.

PMID- 3877244
TI  - T-cell receptor. The present state of recognition.

PMID- 3877245
TI  - A single stem cell can recolonize an embryonic thymus, producing phenotypically
      distinct T-cell populations.
AB  - There is much interest in early T-cell development, particularly in relation to
      the diversification of the T-cell receptor repertoire and the elucidation of the
      lineage relationships between T-cell populations in the thymus and peripheral
      lymphoid organs. However, the requirements for the growth of the earliest thymic
      T-cell precursor in 13-14-day mouse embryo thymus in isolation from the thymic
      environment are unknown. Proliferation and maturation of such cells are not
      sustained either in the presence of monolayers of thymic stromal cells or by the
      addition of interleukin-2 (IL-2), despite the expression of receptors for this
      growth factor on a proportion of thymocytes displaying the immature Thy 1+ Lyt-2
      L3T4- phenotype in the embryonic thymus. In contrast, when maintained within the
      intact thymic environment in organ cultures, 13-14-day thymic stem cells do show
      a pattern of surface marker and functional development similar to that seen in
      vivo, suggesting that short-range growth signals, perhaps necessitating direct
      contact with organized epithelial cells, are required. We have shown, by
      exploiting the selective toxicity of deoxyguanosine (dGuo) for early T cells,
      that this organ culture system can be manipulated to produce alymphoid lobes that
      can be recolonized from a source of precursors in a transfilter system. We now
      show that recolonization of alymphoid lobes can also be achieved by association
      with T-cell precursors in hanging drops, allowing recolonization by exposure to
      defined numbers of precursors, including a single micromanipulated stem cell.
      Analysis of T-cell marker expression in these cultures shows that a single thymic
      stem cell can produce progeny of distinct phenotypes, suggesting that these
      marker-defined populations are not derived from separate prethymic precursors,
      but arise within the thymus.

PMID- 3877246
TI  - Cardiac surgery in Asheville: review of 326 consecutive cases during 1983.

PMID- 3877247
TI  - Epidermoid tumour of the cerebellopontine angle as a cause of trigeminal
      neuralgia.
AB  - Three patients with epidermoid tumours of the cerebellopontine angle presented
      with trigeminal neuralgia. The patients were relieved of their symptoms by
      surgical excision of the tumour. Diagnosis and treatment of this condition is
      discussed.

PMID- 3877248
TI  - [Role of the lemniscal system in pain modulation--a consideration based on
      clinical experience].
AB  - Ten patients with intractable pain of central origin were operated on for pain
      relief by implanting the chronic stimulating electrode (Medtronic Co.) in the
      posterior limb of the internal capsule, thalamic sensory nuclei or mesencephalic
      lemniscus medialis, and the results were briefly described. Localization of the
      lesion demonstrated by CT was projected on the Schaltenbrand & Bailey's atlas in
      each of these patients and the deep brain structure involved was identified. The
      lesions were located mainly in the posterolateral thalamus including
      posteromedial part of the internal capsule (thalamic pain), however, they were
      located outside of the thalamus in some cases (suprathalamic pain). Two
      particular patients were described in detail because clinical courses, especially
      operative results were esteemed to be suggestive of an important role of
      lemniscal system in pain modulation. A 48-year-old man (Case 7) developed severe
      spontaneous burning pain on the right half of the body after extensive putaminal
      hemorrhage. Stimulation of the posterior limb of the internal capsule or of the
      thalamic sensory relay nuclei elicited no pain relief. Consequently a lesion was
      stereotaxically made in the most medial portion of the lemniscus medialis of the
      rostral mesencephalon. This operative procedure provoked previously unrecognized
      significant dysesthesia and hyperpathia predominantly of the extremities as well
      as aggravation of hypesthesia and hypalgesia. The second patient (Case 8) was a
      44-year-old man who developed dysesthesia, hyperpathia and spontaneous pain of
      the left hand and face after hemorrhage in the right sensory cortex. Stimulation
      of the mesencephalic lemniscus medialis of the right side elicited comfortable
      warm sensation in contralateral upper half of the body including hand, fingers
      and face with simultaneous diminution of pain. These two cases were suggestive of
      the role of lemniscus medialis in pain modulation. Blockade of the lemniscus
      medialis elicited, and its facilitation inhibited the pain. Lemniscal and
      extralemniscal (spinothalamic) system have been proven to be intermingled in the
      thalamic and suprathalamic levels. Though both of the systems might be involved
      in the manifestation of central pain including our present ten cases, it was
      discussed and postulated that the facilitation of the lemniscal system might
      inhibit the activity of spinothalamic system, thus resulting in pain relief.

PMID- 3877249
TI  - Amphetamine, but not reserpine, protects mice against dopaminergic neurotoxicity
      of MPTP.
AB  - In mice, long-term reductions in striatal DA produced by the neurotoxin MPTP were
      completely prevented by its combined administration with amphetamine. Depletion
      of DA from DA terminals by cotreatment with reserpine did not suppress but rather
      enhanced MPTP-induced DA decrements in striatum. Amphetamine protection against
      DA neurotoxicity of MPTP in mice is probably not due to increases in DA release
      and may be related to inhibition of MPTP transport into nigrostriatal terminals
      via the DA reuptake system.

PMID- 3877250
TI  - Regulation of hexokinase in cultured gliomas.
AB  - Positron emission computed tomographic (PECT) scanning studies have demonstrated
      that high grade gliomas exhibit increased 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (18FDG)
      uptake compared to cerebral white matter and low grade gliomas. Hexokinase
      catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose, as well as 18FDG and 2-deoxyglucose
      (2DG), thereby "trapping" these slowly metabolized analogues intracellularly. We
      hypothesize that a similar hexokinase-mediated uptake of glucose and glucose
      analogues occurs in vitro. Hexokinase activity was assayed in homogenates of
      tissue-cultured lines derived from high (IV) and low (II) grade gliomas and in
      fibroblasts derived from skin. With glucose as substrate, the maximal activity
      (Vmax) in the Grade IV lines was 200% of the activity found in the Grade II line,
      fibroblasts, and astrocytes; however, the Michaelis substrate affinity constant
      (Km) bore no relationship to tumor grade. With 2DG as substrate, the Vmax of all
      cell lines decreased, but the Grade IV lines still tended to have greater
      activity than the others. The Km values for 2DG were 5 times higher than those
      for glucose. Hexokinase is found in two subcellular compartments: an active form
      reversibly bound to mitochondria and a less active, cytosolic form. Up to 20% of
      the total hexokinase was found in the cytosol in all lines tested. High energy
      phosphate compounds (ATP, ADP, CTP, and others) displaced mitochondria-bound
      hexokinase, which increased the cytosolic form by 2-fold in the glioma lines, but
      fibroblast hexokinase distribution was unaffected. Our results suggest that: (a)
      high grade gliomas have increased hexokinase activity, which may explain the
      grade-related differences in 18FDG uptake observed by PECT scanning, and (b)
      human glioma hexokinases may be regulated by reversible subcellular
      compartmentation.

PMID- 3877251
TI  - Translabyrinthine removal of cerebellopontine angle meningiomas.
AB  - The authors report two cases of the microscopic total removal of meningiomas in
      the region of the cerebellopontine angle using the translabyrinthine approach.
      Although both tumors were larger than 4 cm, the only resulting neurological
      deficit was ipsilateral hearing loss. The translabyrinthine approach may be an
      alternative measure in dealing with these difficult lesions.

PMID- 3877252
TI  - Presentation of bilateral thalamic infarction on CT, MRI and PET.
AB  - Paramedian thalamic structures and part of the upper midbrain are frequently
      supplied by posterior thalamoperforating arteries originating from one common
      trunk. Local impairment of flow entails a bilateral more or less symmetric
      thalamic infarction with varying involvement of the midbrain. Diagnosis usually
      can neither be firmly established on clinical grounds nor by angiography alone.
      In the present series of four patients the two cases observed before the CT era
      were diagnosed correctly only at autopsy. Only one patient presented the
      classical syndrome of hypersomnia, thalamic dementia, and oculomotor nerve
      paralysis, while in the others clinical signs were probably masked by serious
      impairment of consciousness. In two cases X-ray computed tomography and magnetic
      resonance tomography (one case) afforded precise definition of infarct
      localization and size. Infarction in the described terminal vascular supply
      territory may be detected more often by these modern diagnostic techniques than
      anticipated from previous clinico-pathological experience as the underlying cause
      of coma in the elderly-a group of patients at particular risk for low-flow
      states. Positron emission tomography repeat studies with 18F-2-fluorodeoxyglucose
      (one case) revealed complex disturbances of brain energy metabolism; correlative
      analysis of clinical function and metabolic patterns during the course of the
      disease may not only advance individual prognostication but also contribute to
      the understanding and localization of brain function.

PMID- 3877253
TI  - Brain metabolism as measured with positron emission tomography: serial assessment
      in a patient with familial Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - This paper presents, for the first time, repeated assessments of cerebral
      metabolism and neuropsychological competence in early Alzheimer's disease.
      Regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose were measured with positron
      emission tomography and 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose on three occasions at 8
      month intervals, in a 57-year-old man with Alzheimer's disease of 2 1/2 years'
      duration and with a family history of neuropathologically confirmed Alzheimer's
      disease. Data were compared with mean cerebral metabolic rates from 12 healthy
      men. No differences in regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose were found
      on the initial patient scan, whereas metabolism on the second and third scans was
      reduced significantly in the parietal lobes and bilaterally in some parietal lobe
      regions. Memory loss was demonstrable at the first scan, but then and at later
      scans, other aspects of cognitive performance remained within normal limits
      (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Boston Naming Test, Two-dimensional Block
      Construction). The results show that memory loss can precede a measurable
      reduction of cerebral metabolism in early Alzheimer's disease, but that later
      reductions in parietal lobe metabolism may not be accompanied by additional
      measurable neuropsychological deficits.

PMID- 3877254
TI  - Nervous system brucellosis: diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - We treated six patients with nervous system brucellosis causing polyradiculitis
      (2 patients), myelopathy (2), encephalitis (1), or meningitis (1). Diagnosis was
      based on Brucella species cultured from one patient, and a twofold or greater
      rise in antibody titer after therapy was started in the others. Treatment with
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole with rifampin (5 patients) or tetracycline (1
      patient) produced excellent clinical and laboratory response.

PMID- 3877255
TI  - [Persistent post-surgical bronchopleural fistulas. Proposal of an original method
      of treatment].

PMID- 3877256
TI  - Acceleration of peripheral nerve regeneration after crush injury in rat.
AB  - It the sciatic nerve of a rat is crushed in the thigh, axons from the proximal
      side of the crush will regenerate so that the toe-spreading reflex becomes
      observable again after 10.4 +/- 1.7 (mean +/- S.D.) days. If the nerve is
      electrically stimulated for 0.25-1.0 h at the crush site, just after the crush
      occurs, the toe-spreading reflex first becomes observable 4.14 +/- 1.6 (mean +/-
      S.D.) days after the crush. Stimulation is most effective if delivered
      immediately after the crush but can be delayed up to an hour and still cause
      significantly faster regeneration. This phenomenon could be useful in clinical
      management of crushed peripheral nerves.

PMID- 3877257
TI  - Deficits in behavioral initiation and execution processes in monkeys with 1
      methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced parkinsonism.
AB  - Administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to two
      monkeys led to hypokinesia, tremor, rigidity, adipsia and aphagia. Quantitative
      assessment of hypokinesia revealed increased reaction time, delayed onset of
      muscle activity and prolonged movement time in a forelimb reaching task after
      selective degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system sparing
      mesocortical dopamine neurons. The losses of pars compacta cells of substantia
      nigra, of striatal [3H]mazindol binding and of striatal DA content (more than
      90%) quantitatively paralleled the severity of behavioral deficits. Additional
      monoamine systems were affected with stronger MPTP effects.

PMID- 3877258
TI  - Trigeminal afferents to cerebral arteries and forehead are not divergent axon
      collaterals in cat.
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin (HRP-WGA), and
      bisbenzimide (a fluorescent dye) were used as retrograde axonal tracers to
      examine whether or not intracranial and extracranial trigeminal afferents
      represent divergent axon collaterals. HRP-WGA was applied to the proximal segment
      of the middle cerebral artery and bisbenzimide was injected into a branch of the
      ophthalmic nerve in 5 cats. Histologic examination of the ipsilateral trigeminal
      ganglion revealed HRP-labeled cell bodies located among clusters of cells
      exhibiting bisbenzimide fluorescence. Cells containing both labels were not
      observed. These results support the concept that divergent axon collaterals are
      probably not involved in the pathogenesis of referred pain during vascular
      headache.

PMID- 3877259
TI  - Effect of antidromic stimulation of the glossopharyngeal nerve on afferent
      discharges occurring with and without sensory stimulation of the frog tongue.
AB  - Repetitive stimulation of the bullfrog glossopharyngeal nerve at a rate of 100 Hz
      for 10 s and at a supra-maximal intensity resulted in little depression of the
      glossopharyngeal nerve responses to application of quinine and mechanical taps to
      the tongue, in a 30-40% decrease in the responses to salt, acid, water and warmed
      saline and in a 80% decrease in the number of spontaneous discharges from the
      tongue. Such a selective depression existed throughout changes in the frequency
      and the duration of the antidromic stimuli. The phenomena were attributed to
      antidromic impulses in high-threshold glossopharyngeal nerve afferents.

PMID- 3877260
TI  - Partial protection from the dopaminergic neurotoxin N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridine by four different antioxidants in the mouse.
AB  - C57 black mice given a single injection of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), 40 mg/kg, developed marked reduction of striatal
      dopamine content and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the zona compacta of the
      substantia nigra. However, pretreatment with any one of four different
      antioxidants, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, ascorbic acid or N-acetylcysteine,
      significantly decreased MPTP-induced striatal dopamine loss, and alpha-tocopherol
      prevented neuronal loss in the substantia nigra. Four chemical analogues of MPTP
      (cinnamaldehyde, N,N-dimethylcinnamylamine, arecoline and 2-methyl-1,2,3,4
      tetrahydro-6,7-isoquinolinediol) were all found to lack dopaminergic
      nigrostriatal neurotoxicity in the mouse.

PMID- 3877262
TI  - Ruptured esophageal varices.

PMID- 3877261
TI  - Effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide on contraction of striated muscle in
      the mouse.
AB  - We have found ultrastructurally calcitonin gene-related peptide-like
      immunoreactivity in the axon terminal within the synaptic trough of neuromuscular
      junction of the mouse. We determined, using pharmacological means, with a phrenic
      nerve-diaphragm preparation, that this peptide enhances muscle contraction during
      stimulation of the nerve fibers or direct stimulation of the muscle. This effect
      is probably brought about via the receptor for this peptide not the acetylcholine
      receptor.

PMID- 3877263
TI  - Choice of procedure. Enucleation, evisceration, or prosthetic fitting over
      globes.
AB  - Enucleation is more likely to be associated with certain intraoperative and
      postoperative complications but remains the procedure of choice in cases where
      detailed histopathologic examination of the globe is required, in many cases of
      intraocular neoplasm, and in selected cases of ocular trauma with visual loss. In
      many patients, evisceration results in enhanced cosmesis compared to enucleation
      and is a technically simpler and faster operation. Evisceration may be indicated
      in patients with blind and unsightly or painful eyes and in selected instances of
      ocular trauma following discussion of the risk of sympathetic ophthalmia with the
      patient. It is contraindicated in patients with possible intraocular malignancy.
      In appropriate cases, a cosmetic shell or contact lens may constitute an
      alternative to enucleation or evisceration, and may provide superior cosmesis.
      Management of patients requiring these procedures should be tailored to the
      particular clinical situation with consideration of the wishes of the well
      informed patient.

PMID- 3877264
TI  - Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma presenting as a rapidly enlarging ocular adnexal tumor.
AB  - A 63-year-old man, in good health previously, developed swelling and erythema of
      the right upper eyelid which progressed to involve both eyelids and surrounding
      tissues. After one month, he had a 9.0 x 9.0 x 3.5 cm mass despite two attempts
      at incisional drainage and treatment with antibiotics. Multiple asymptomatic
      erythematosus nodules (2-3 cm in diameter) developed on his back, trunk, and arms
      four weeks after onset of the eyelid erythema and swelling. Biopsies of two upper
      back papules and the eyelid disclosed cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, a
      lymphoproliferative malignancy of thymus derived lymphocytes originating in the
      skin. Systemic chemotherapy resulted in a marked decrease in the ocular adnexal
      mass but lymphomatous meningitis and quadriplegia developed. The patient died
      four months later; an autopsy was not performed. This case demonstrates that
      cutaneous T-cell lymphoma may rarely have its initial manifestation as a rapidly
      enlarging eyelid tumor.

PMID- 3877265
TI  - Electrical stimulation in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head--a 1
      year follow-up.
AB  - To date, there is no completely satisfactory method for the treatment of
      osteonecrosis of the femoral head. "Conservative" management leads to a high
      failure rate, and surgical results have been inconsistent and disappointing. The
      study described in this article seeks to evaluate the role of electrical
      stimulation in conjunction with decompression and bone grafting. A total of 82
      hips have been included to date, of which 42 with a minimum follow-up of 1 year
      have been evaluated. Pain relief and improved function have been noted in the
      majority of hips operated on, both with and without electrical stimulation.
      Careful radiologic assessment using a comprehensive new method of evaluation has
      shown some degree of progression in the majority of cases, however. No effects of
      electrical stimulation per se have been demonstrated to date. It must be
      emphasized that this is a preliminary report with a minimum follow-up of 1 year.
      Final conclusions await the completion of the study, when all patients have been
      followed for a minimum of 3 years.

PMID- 3877266
TI  - The influence of total hip replacement on hip pain and the use of analgesics.
AB  - The influence of total hip replacement (THR) on pain and use of analgesics was
      evaluated in 511 patients with McKee-Farrar and Brunswik prostheses. The mean age
      of the patients was 63.8 years and the mean follow-up time 4.2 years. The average
      grade of pain decreased from 1.8 to 4.9 as evaluated according to Charnley. The
      proportion of regular users of all analgesics decreased from 75% to 17% (P less
      than 0.001). Indomethacin was the most common preoperative drug and the
      proportion of its regular use decreased from 47 to 12% (P less than 0.001). The
      preoperative association which existed between the grade of pain and the regular
      drug users in each pain grade decreased more than expected by the preoperative
      figures. Postoperatively those with previous hip operations, McKee-Farrar
      prosthesis, one hip replaced, reapplications and removal of the prosthesis gave
      inferior results with respect to pain than those without previous surgery, with
      Brunswik prosthesis, both hips replaced and with the original prosthesis in situ.
      In addition to previous THR operations, type of the hip prosthesis, bilateral or
      unilateral surgery, primary or secondary coxarthrosis and reapplication of the
      prosthesis influenced the use of drugs. THR, however, brought a marked drop in
      the use of analgesics and this effect should be taken into account when assessing
      the costs and benefits of THR.

PMID- 3877267
TI  - Possible involvement of opioid peptides of caudate nucleus in acupuncture
      analgesia.
AB  - Rabbits chronically implanted with permanent cannulae were used in brain
      perfusion and microinjection experiments. Potassium iontophoresis applied to the
      rabbits' ear skin served as a noxious stimulus and the electric current used to
      elicit the defense response was taken as the pain threshold. The brain perfusate
      was analysed by radioreceptor assay and the level of endogenous opioid peptides
      (EOP) was expressed as competition rate. Electroacupuncture (EA) elicited an
      increase in pain threshold and a rise in EOP level in the perfusate from the
      anterior part of the head of the caudate nucleus (n = 10, P less than 0.002) but
      not from the posterior part. The pain threshold raising effect of EA could
      readily be reversed by microinjection of naloxone into the anterodorsal part of
      the head of the caudate (n = 12, P less than 0.01). With the techniques of
      multimicropipettes and microiontophoresis, caudate neuronal activity was recorded
      and examined in acute animals anesthetized with chloralose and urethane. It was
      found that microiontophoresed etorphine produced a strong, naloxone reversible
      inhibition of the spontaneous activity of the caudate neurons (61/162). Most
      etorphine sensitive neurons were identified in the dorsal part of the head of the
      caudate (P less than 0.01). EA produced inhibition of some etorphine sensitive
      neurons (16/35) and the inhibition could also be reversed by microiontophoresis
      of naloxone (4/8). The results indicate the participation of intracaudate opioid
      peptides in acupuncture analgesia.

PMID- 3877268
TI  - New immunization against H. influenzae type b.

PMID- 3877269
TI  - Lung function in children and adolescents with idiopathic interstitial pulmonary
      fibrosis.
AB  - Lung function of 65 patients who had idiopathic interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
      (IIPF) that had been treated with prednisone was evaluated by tests of
      ventilatory function, lung mechanics, and gas exchange at rest and during
      exercise. Ages on initial investigation ranged from 5 to 20 years. In 35 of 65
      patients the studies were repeated an average of four times over a period of 1 to
      9 years. Results of the first testing were as follows: vital capacity (VC)
      significantly reduced in all patients; inspiratory capacity (IC)-significantly
      reduced in all patients; total lung capacity (TLC)-reduced in 91%; functional
      residual capacity (FRC)-reduced in 31%; residual volume (RV)-reduced in 6%;
      elastic recoil of the lungs (Pstl)-significantly increased in 97% at 100% TLC,
      significantly increased in 52% at 90% TLC, reduced in 68% at 60% TLC; 7) static
      compliance (Cst)-reduced in 83%; 8) dynamic compliance (Cdyn)-reduced in 88%; 9)
      specific airway conductance at FRC level (Gaw/TGVex)-significantly increased in
      50%; 10) maximum expiratory flow rates at 60% TLC (Vmax 60% TLC, in TLC/s)
      significantly reduced in 33%; 11) upstream airway conductance (Gus 60% TLC, in
      TLC/s/cm H2O)-reduced in 32%; 12) diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon
      monoxide (DLco) related to body-surface area-abnormal in 58% (when corrected for
      lung size, i.e., DLco/TLC, abnormal in only 8%); 13) PaO2 at rest and after 6
      minutes submaximal exercise-reduced in 25% and 63%, respectively. Changes in lung
      function that occurred with growth were assessed in terms of percentages of
      predicted values. Results showed that the VC and IC remained significantly
      reduced. An actual reduction of TLC, FRC, RV, breathing frequency, DLCO, and Pstl
      at 100% and 90% TLC was observed. Increases were seen in Pstl at 60% TLC,
      Gaw/TGVex, Vmax, and Cst. Indices of lung elasticity suggested that regions of
      fibrosis and emphysema had become present. Smaller patients were also noted to
      have stiffer lungs.

PMID- 3877270
TI  - Appearance of adenosine triphosphate in the perfusate from working frog heart.
AB  - Frog hearts (Rana pipiens) were perfused in situ with Ringer's solution and the
      perfusate tested on firefly extract for the presence of ATP. At a normal
      perfusion pressure of 8 cm. H2O the rate of release of ATP into the perfusate was
      8.8 (+/- S.E.1.7) pmoles.min-1. When the workload was increased by raising the
      perfusion pressure to 12 cm. H2O the rate of release increased to 28.3 (+/-
      S.E.4.8) pmoles.min-1. The rate of release was found to be proportional to the
      amount of workload imposed upon the heart. It is postulated that the trigger for
      release is hypoxia and that the release of ATP from the cardiac cell will augment
      contractility of the myocardium through its action upon adjacent cells via the P2
      purinergic receptor. cells via the P2 purinergic receptor.

PMID- 3877272
TI  - Midwifery. Transcutaneous nerve stimulation.

PMID- 3877271
TI  - Measurement of IP3 mass as a monitor of phospholipase C activation in stimulated
      human platelets.
AB  - The activation of phospholipase C and consequent formation of myoinositol
      trisphosphate (IP3) from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate has been shown to
      be an important signaling event in numerous tissues. We have undertaken studies,
      using column and gas chromatographic techniques, to quantitate the mass of IP3
      which accumulates in human platelets under various stimulatory conditions. We
      have found that the platelet is capable of forming microM quantities of IP3
      within a few seconds of addition of the platelet agonists thrombin or U46619. The
      amounts of IP3 formed transiently in stimulated platelets are thus similar to
      those which have been reported to cause Ca2+ mobilization in other systems. In
      contrast, the passive movement of Ca2+ induced by ionophore A23187, in the
      absence of prostaglandin formation, does not result in measurable increases in
      IP3.

PMID- 3877273
TI  - Psychiatric home care. An evolving legal standard.
AB  - The treatment of mentally ill individuals in the home setting increases a
      psychiatrist's therapeutic responsibilities to the patient with commensurate
      greater legal exposure. Because psychiatric home care is in its infancy, the
      standard of care to be followed in implementing this therapy is still evolving.
      This article examines a psychiatrist's legal duties in providing home care as
      well as methods of practice to minimize allegations of inappropriate care.

PMID- 3877274
TI  - [Use of superficial electric stimulation as a factor preventing marked decrease
      in skin temperature in various diseases of the peripheral blood vessels].

PMID- 3877275
TI  - [Lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood during polychemotherapy of non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma].

PMID- 3877276
TI  - Propofol ('Diprivan'). A new intravenous anesthetic. Data presented at a
      symposium held in London, 13-14 July 1985.

PMID- 3877277
TI  - Propofol ('Diprivan') for outpatient cystoscopy. Efficacy and recovery compared
      with althesin and methohexitone.
AB  - In two non-concurrent investigations, propofol was compared with methohexitone
      and with Althesin as an intravenous anaesthetic for cystoscopy in outpatients. In
      the comparison between propofol and methohexitone the 60 patients also received
      alfentanil in similar dosage; in comparison with Althesin (43 patients) the
      Cremophor formulation of propofol was used. During induction of anaesthesia
      propofol caused fewer excitatory effects than either methohexitone or Althesin,
      and less pain than methohexitone. There was no difference in the incidence of
      apnoea caused by propofol 1.5 mg/kg and Althesin 0.05 ml/kg, or propofol 2 mg/kg
      and methohexitone 1.5 mg/kg. Induction of anaesthesia by propofol was faster than
      that by Althesin. The use of alfentanil 7 micrograms/kg at induction of
      anaesthesia apparently increases the incidence of apnoea seen at that time and
      during maintenance of anaesthesia, but an overall dose of approximately 1 mg
      reduces the mean dose of propofol required from 0.459 mg/kg/min to 0.192
      mg/kg/min and improves the quality of anaesthesia. During maintenance of
      anaesthesia propofol produced less myoclonia and movement than Althesin, and
      fewer hiccups than methohexitone, but the mean minimum systolic arterial pressure
      observed in the propofol group was less than that seen in the methohexitone
      group. Immediate recovery of consciousness was faster and better after propofol
      than methohexitone, and fewer complications were seen after propofol than
      Althesin. Recovery of coordination and perception, tested by the digit
      substitution test, was faster after propofol than methohexitone. Exact
      comparisons of recovery of ocular tone (Maddox Wing test) between the
      anaesthetics were not possible as both Althesin and methohexitone rendered some
      patients incapable of taking the tests in the early post-operative period. In
      response to a take-home questionnaire, patients stated that they were drowsy for
      a shorter time, and ate earlier after propofol than after methohexitone. No
      patient who received propofol vomited or was nauseated and all would wish to
      receive the same anaesthesia again. The studies suggest that propofol is
      preferable to both Althesin and methohexitone for intravenous anaesthesia for
      cystoscopy in outpatients.

PMID- 3877278
TI  - Propofol ('Diprivan') by intermittent bolus with nitrous oxide in oxygen for body
      surface operations.
AB  - The use of propofol for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia by intermittent
      bolus injection in 37 patients undergoing body surface operations is described.
      This technique gave good operating conditions in most of the patients in the
      series. With an induction dose of 2.5 mg/kg propofol, a dose of 11.25 mg/kg/h was
      found to be the median dose requirement for maintenance of anaesthesia in this
      study. This dose will be used to calculate infusion rates for future studies with
      the drug.

PMID- 3877279
TI  - Infusion of propofol ('Diprivan') as sedative technique for colonoscopies.
AB  - Sixty male and female patients, scheduled for colonoscopy were premedicated with
      glycopyrrolate 0.4 mg intramuscularly. Anaesthesia was induced with 2 mg/kg
      propofol ('Diprivan') and maintained with a continuous infusion of propofol at a
      rate of 3, 6 or 9 mg/kg/h randomly allocated. Patients lost consciousness within
      60.6 +/- 18.7 (s.d.) s. Preservation of the hypnotic effect was infusion-rate
      dependent as 15, 40 and 85% of the patients were unconscious on infusion rates of
      3, 6 or 9 mg/kg/h propofol, respectively. A high degree of sedation was observed
      in the remaining patients with an incidence of 40, 35 and 0% in the different
      series. Sedation was light in the remainder of the patients. To increase the
      acceptability of the procedure, a supplemental bolus of propofol and/or an
      increase in the infusion rate were required in 40, 15 and 10% of the 3, 6 and 9
      mg/kg/h infusion rate groups, respectively. The incidence of amnesia was similar
      in all three groups (80, 90 and 95%, respectively). Recovery was significantly
      longer with increasing infusion rate, but remained rapid. The longest time was
      7.3 +/- 4.0 min to open eyes on command and 10.6 +/- 4.6 min to answer correctly.
      The most important side effects were pain on injection (50%) and some
      restlessness during maintenance (25%). Blood pressure decreased, but heart rate
      was unaffected. Patients breathed room-air spontaneously. Respiratory rate slowed
      after induction then increased rapidly above baseline values. The incidence of
      apnoea was 48% with a mean duration of 51 +/- 22s (s.d.). The technique was
      evaluated as good or adequate in 95% of the cases. We suggest than an analgesic
      premedication followed by an average of 6 mg/kg/h propofol by infusion might be a
      simple and convenient method of achieving good conditions for colonoscopy.

PMID- 3877280
TI  - Use of an emulsion formulation of propofol ('Diprivan') in intravenous
      anaesthesia for termination of pregnancy. A comparison with methohexitone.
AB  - The use of an emulsion formulation of 2,6-diisopropylphenol (propofol) for
      induction and maintenance of anaesthesia was compared with methohexitone in 60
      patients undergoing termination of pregnancy. In the dosages chosen the two
      agents appeared to be equi-potent. Propofol was associated with a statistically
      significant superior quality of anaesthesia. Apnoea of greater than 30 s occurred
      in 8 patients who received propofol but in none of the patients who received
      methohexitone. Methohexitone was associated with coughing and laryngospasm in 5
      patients. There was no difference in the recovery times between the 2 groups but
      the patients who received methohexitone were significantly more drowsy post
      operatively.

PMID- 3877281
TI  - Recovery following propofol ('Diprivan') anaesthesia--a review of three different
      anaesthetic techniques.
AB  - The effect of propofol, in the emulsion formulation, on post-anaesthetic recovery
      was studied in 80 patients anaesthetized using one of three different techniques.
      Propofol was administered to 20 day case patients for induction of anaesthesia,
      to 20 patients for induction and maintenance by intermittent bolus injection to
      supplement spinal blockade, and to 40 patients for induction and maintenance by
      continuous infusion with spontaneous ventilation. Its effects were compared with
      those of methohexitone (all three techniques) and thiopentone (day case study
      only). The assessment of post-operative recovery included measurement of the
      speed of immediate recovery, psychometric testing comprising choice reaction time
      and critical flicker fusion threshold and the incidence of post-operative
      sequelae. In all three techniques, propofol was associated with rapid and symptom
      free recovery from anaesthesia. With the day case and infusion techniques
      immediate recovery was more rapid after propofol than after methohexitone and
      thiopentone. Recovery of psychomotor function was more rapid after propofol in
      the day case study. The frequency of sequelae such as nausea and vomiting (5% of
      cases), headache (1%) and confusion/restlessness (2.5%) was considerably lower
      overall after propofol and in each individual study than with the other agents.

PMID- 3877282
TI  - Comparison of methohexitone and propofol ('Diprivan') for induction of enflurane
      anaesthesia in outpatients.
AB  - In 73 unpremedicated patients scheduled for minor outpatient oral surgery or
      restorative dentistry, enflurane anaesthesia was induced either with an emulsion
      formulation of propofol (2.5 mg/kg) or with methohexitone (2 mg/kg). Sensations
      at the site of the injection were more common when the drugs were injected into a
      vein in the dorsum of the hand (58% for propofol and 28% for methohexitone) when
      compared to a vein in the forearm or antecubital area (7 to 8% with sensations).
      After induction of anaesthesia intravenous suxamethonium was given, and
      endotracheal intubation carried out. Anaesthesia was subsequently maintained
      using nitrous oxide, oxygen and enflurane. One minute after intubation a similar
      decrease in mean systolic arterial pressure was noted in both groups but the
      increase in mean heart rate observed in the methohexitone group (22 beats/min)
      was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than that seen in the propofol group
      (11 beats/min). Excitatory side effects were observed in only one patient in the
      propofol group and in 12 patients in the methohexitone group (P less than 0.01
      between groups). Walking and perceptual speed tests of recovery showed transient
      impairment of psychomotor skills for 30 to 60 min after both anaesthetic
      regimens. The incidence of nausea or vomiting was similar (27 to 33%) in both
      groups. It is concluded that both propofol in emulsion form and methohexitone are
      satisfactory induction agents in outpatient dentistry. Propofol provided a
      smoother induction of anaesthesia and recovery was as rapid as after anaesthesia
      induced with methohexitone.

PMID- 3877283
TI  - Effects of propofol ('Diprivan') on histamine release, immunoglobulin levels and
      activation of complement in healthy volunteers.
AB  - This randomized study compared the effects of the emulsion formulation of
      propofol with those of the Cremophor-containing agent Althesin. Plasma histamine
      concentration, immunoglobulin levels, total complement C3 and complement C3
      conversion were measured prior to and following induction of anaesthesia in 32
      male volunteers with either 2 mg/kg propofol or 0.05 ml/kg Althesin. In only one
      volunteer, in the Althesin group, was an increase in plasma histamine to a value
      greater than 1 ng/ml associated with a relatively large increase over the base
      line value. Cutaneous signs, such as flushing, did not correlate with the plasma
      concentrations of histamine. No changes consistent with a propensity to produce
      anaphylactoid reactions could be seen from measurements of immunoglobulin levels,
      complement C3 or plasma histamine concentration in the propofol treated subjects.

PMID- 3877284
TI  - A review of the safety and tolerance of propofol ('Diprivan').

PMID- 3877285
TI  - Age affects the induction dose of propofol ('Diprivan').
AB  - A standard method (fixed initial dose of 1.25 mg/kg followed by 10 mg every 15 s)
      for studying the induction dose of propofol showed a marked falling off in
      requirements in fit unpremedicated patients aged 60 y and over. With this slow
      technique of administration, side effects were rare, even in the elderly.

PMID- 3877286
TI  - Changes in liver function tests after propofol ('Diprivan').
AB  - Changes in three recognized liver function tests are reported following the use
      of propofol in 30 fit, unpremedicated women in whom propofol was used as the main
      anaesthetic agent. Doses of 140 to 330 mg were given, together with nitrous oxide
      and oxygen. All patients were undergoing minor gynaecological operations and all
      conformed to Grade 1 physical status of American Society of Anesthesiologists
      Classification. In none of these patients was there hypoxia or hypercarbia at any
      time during or following anaesthesia and none of the patients received any other
      drugs until completion of the study. No significant changes in liver enzymes
      (aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase) or in serum alkaline
      phosphatase were detected.

PMID- 3877287
TI  - Venous sequelae after intravenous propofol ('Diprivan')--a comparison with
      methohexitone in short anaesthesia.
AB  - Propofol, in emulsion formulation, was compared with methohexitone for short
      duration anaesthesia with the main emphasis on acute and long-term venous
      tolerance. Flunitrazepam and fentanyl were given to all the patients. Fifty-two
      female patients undergoing short gynaecological procedures were randomly
      allocated to two groups to receive propofol or methohexitone as the intravenous
      anaesthetic agent. The dose of propofol was 2.0 mg/kg at induction with an
      average total dose of 2.58 mg/kg and the dose of methohexitone was 1.5 mg/kg and
      2.20 mg/kg, respectively. Propofol or methohexitone were given through a 1.0 mm
      Teflon indwelling cannula in a superficial vein of one hand. All other drugs were
      given through a similar cannula in the other hand. There were no significant
      differences in acute or late tolerance between the propofol and methohexitone or
      control (all other drugs) groups. Because there was no thrombophlebitis following
      either drug the venous tolerance of both drugs can be regarded as good. Moreover
      this type of short anaesthesia was characterized with fast recovery and high
      patient acceptance.

PMID- 3877288
TI  - Haematological and biochemical changes during anaesthesia with propofol
      ('Diprivan').
AB  - The influence of an emulsion formulation of 2,6-diisopropylphenol (propofol) on
      blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, and on the neuroendocrine responses to
      surgery has been investigated in 12 patients who received incremental doses of
      propofol to supplement 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen as anaesthesia for body
      surface surgery. The effects were compared with those in 10 patients who received
      Althesin to supplement nitrous oxide in oxygen in a similar manner. When pre
      operative values were compared with data obtained after 30 min surgery, no
      significant effects on coagulation or fibrinolytic indices were found in either
      group. Both groups, however, showed a significant fall in haemoglobin
      concentration 30 min after induction of anaesthesia (P less than 0.05); and a
      fall in haematrocrit value was observed in those patients who received propofol
      (P less than 0.05). No changes in total white cell counts or platelet counts were
      observed. Both groups of patients showed a significant rise in blood glucose 30
      min after induction of anaesthesia (P less than 0.001). After 3 h values were not
      significantly different from preoperative levels. The mean plasma cortisol levels
      fell in both groups 30 min after induction of anaesthesia, but returned to
      control values by 3 h. The mechanism causing this decrease is not known.

PMID- 3877289
TI  - Some ventilatory effects of propofol ('Diprivan') as a sole anaesthetic agent.
      Preliminary studies.

PMID- 3877290
TI  - A comparison of the haemodynamic effects of propofol ('Diprivan') and thiopentone
      in patients with coronary artery disease.
AB  - Twenty patients scheduled for elective coronary surgery received either propofol
      ('Diprivan') 1.5 mg/kg in emulsion or thiopentone 2 mg/kg for induction of
      anaesthesia. Vecuronium was used for neuromuscular blockade. Cardiovascular
      dynamics were recorded every minute until 6 min after intubation. Anaesthesia
      with propofol was accompanied by a reduction in arterial pressure, the decrease
      being severe in two patients. This was largely due to a decrease in systemic
      vascular resistance. Thiopentone anaesthesia resulted in a smaller decrease in
      arterial pressure, but a marked increase in arterial pressure followed
      endotracheal intubation. Although the absence of haemodynamic changes following
      intubation during propofol anaesthesia is advantageous to the ischaemic
      myocardium, this has to be balanced by the variable and sometimes severe
      reduction in arterial pressure that occurred on induction.

PMID- 3877291
TI  - The effects of premedication on anaesthesia with propofol ('Diprivan').
AB  - The effects of premedication on anaesthesia with propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol)
      in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg were assessed. One hundred and twenty female patients were
      randomized into one of three groups of 40 who received either no premedication,
      diazepam 10 mg orally, or pethidine 50-75 mg intramuscularly (i.m.) and atropine
      0.6 mg i.m. Propofol 2.5 mg/kg was found to be a reliable induction dose.
      Premedication did not affect the induction time nor the incidence of side effects
      which occurred in 19% of patients. Apnoea occurred in 44% of patients but was not
      related to premedication, nor was arterial hypotension. Pain on injection was
      rare in the antecubital fossa but was a frequent occurrence (30%) in the dorsum
      of the hand. Recovery was rapid and characterized by lack of emetic sequelae;
      only one patient had nausea and there was no vomiting. The site of injection was
      examined postoperatively and venous sequelae were rare.

PMID- 3877292
TI  - Intraocular pressure changes with propofol ('Diprivan'): comparison with
      thiopentone.
AB  - The effects of propofol, a new non-barbiturate intravenous anaesthetic agent, on
      intraocular pressure (IOP) were assessed and compared with those of thiopentone.
      IOP was measured using an applanation tonometer for 5 min following
      administration of induction doses of propofol or thiopentone and inhalation of
      66% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Both agents produced a significant fall in IOP for
      the period of study, by a maximum of 53% with propofol and 40% with thiopentone.
      Apnoea occurred with similar frequency in the two groups. Use of propofol was
      associated with a significant fall in arterial pressure and pain on injection in
      5 out of 20 patients.

PMID- 3877293
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of propofol ('Diprivan') administered by continuous intravenous
      infusion in man. A preliminary report.

PMID- 3877294
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling of propofol ('Diprivan') in
      volunteers and surgical patients.

PMID- 3877295
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of propofol ('Diprivan') as an induction agent.
AB  - The disposition kinetics of propofol have been determined in 12 patients (6
      female) receiving 2.5 mg/kg for induction of anaesthesia which was maintained
      using 1.5% halothane and 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Patients were premedicated
      with oral diazepam 10 mg and were undergoing body surface surgery. Peripheral
      venous samples were collected up to 8 h after injection of the drug. Whole blood
      propofol concentrations were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography
      using fluorescence detection. Data analysis indicates a 3 compartment model, with
      a terminal half-life of 286 (s.e.m. +/- 36) min, clearance of 1803 +/- 125
      ml/min, and volume of distribution of 755 +/- 109 litres. These values are
      significantly different from those reported previously by Adam et al., (1983) for
      the Cremophor formulation of the drug. Seven of the patients showed significant
      secondary peaks of the blood concentration associated with recovery from
      anaesthesia.

PMID- 3877296
TI  - An investigation of the pharmacokinetic profile of propofol ('Diprivan') after
      administration for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia by repeat bolus doses
      in patients having spinal anaesthetic block.
AB  - In 12 premedicated patients, spinal anaesthesia was established with 0.5%
      bupivacaine. General anaesthesia was then induced using 2.5 mg/kg propofol given
      over 20s, and maintained by the administration of repeated bolus doses of 1 mg/kg
      propofol given 3 min after induction and at intervals of 6 min thereafter.
      Anaesthesia was successfully induced and maintained by this technique and
      recovery from anaesthesia in most patients was rapid. Blood samples were
      collected 2 and 6 min after each dose and at recovery in order to determine the
      concentrations of propofol. Pharmacokinetic data were fully evaluated in 5
      patients whose dosing and sampling regimen did not differ from the methods
      described above. Propofol blood concentrations declined rapidly between the 2 and
      6 min samples, indicating rapid distribution of propofol from blood into tissues.
      In 3 of the 5 patients slight accumulation of propofol occurred although there
      was no consistent trend. There was a wide inter-individual variability in
      propofol concentrations on waking.

PMID- 3877297
TI  - The induction of anaesthesia with propofol ('Diprivan') compared in normal and
      renal failure patients.

PMID- 3877298
TI  - Propofol ('Diprivan') emulsion for total intravenous anaesthesia.
AB  - Propofol as an hypnotic in combination with fentanyl and vecuronium was used for
      total intravenous anaesthesia in 30 healthy unpremedicated patients undergoing
      elective surgery scheduled to last no longer than 1 h. Induction with propofol 2
      mg/kg and fentanyl 1.875 micrograms/kg resulted in cessation of counting after 39
      s and the loss of the eyelash reflex after 57 s. Mean recovery times, measured
      from the end of the infusion of propofol (9 mg/kg/h) and fentanyl (7.5
      micrograms/kg/h) until eyes opened on command and questions answered correctly
      were 10.5 and 11.5 min, respectively. Trieger test, performed 3 h
      postoperatively, showed no difference in comparison with the preoperative score.
      During longer procedures there was evidence of accumulation in that propofol
      utilization rate decreased as the duration of anaesthesia increased. The results
      obtained are similar to those described with the previous Cremophor formulation
      although greater variability in induction and recovery times was noted with the
      emulsion formulation.

PMID- 3877299
TI  - Propofol ('Diprivan') for continuous intravenous anaesthesia. A comparison with
      methohexitone.
AB  - The properties of propofol in emulsion given by continuous intravenous infusion
      to spontaneously breathing patients have been studied. Forty premedicated
      patients were anaesthetized with propofol infusion supplemented by nitrous oxide
      in oxygen. Induction and maintenance were uniformly smooth with no excitatory
      effects. Dose-related cardiovascular and respiratory depression allowed easy
      control of anaesthetic depth by adjusting the infusion rate. The mean duration of
      infusion was 51 min and the mean infusion rate 0.26 mg/kg/min. Recovery times
      were clinically acceptable and complications minimal. An attempted comparative
      study involving the use of methohexitone was abandoned after 10 cases when the
      latter agent proved unsuitable for use in this manner. The findings suggest that
      propofol may well be the agent of choice for continuous intravenous anaesthesia.

PMID- 3877300
TI  - Propofol ('Diprivan') by intravenous infusion with nitrous oxide: dose
      requirements and haemodynamic effects.
AB  - The new formulation of propofol appears to be approximately equipotent to the
      previous formulation when used as an infusion to supplement nitrous oxide
      anaesthesia in patients premedicated with morphine. Preliminary haemodynamic
      studies indicate that the emulsion formulation causes more arterial hypotension
      than the original Cremophor formulation, though larger numbers are required to
      confirm this finding.

PMID- 3877301
TI  - Propofol ('Diprivan') as a supplement to nitrous oxide-oxygen for the maintenance
      of anaesthesia.
AB  - Incremental doses of propofol (10-20 mg) have been used to supplement nitrous
      oxide in oxygen anaesthesia for patients undergoing body surface surgery. After
      premedication with morphine 0.15 mg/kg, anaesthesia was successfully induced in
      21 patients with 2.5 mg/kg propofol. One patient with labile hypertension
      suffered a pronounced cardiovascular response to the induction of anaesthesia,
      but without operative sequelae. The mean maintenance rate of propofol was 73.4
      micrograms/kg/min. When compared with 10 patients receiving incremental doses of
      Althesin, recovery to giving correct date of birth was significantly faster in
      patients receiving propofol (P less than 0.01); when compared with 11 patients
      receiving an induction of thiopentone 5 mg/kg and nitrous oxide/oxygen/halothane,
      more patients receiving propofol had recovered to giving correct date of birth by
      10 min after the end of anaesthesia (P less than 0.001). However, use of propofol
      was associated with pain on injection in 9 out of 20 patients, and apnoea of
      greater than 30 s in 8 patients.

PMID- 3877302
TI  - Dose response studies with propofol ('Diprivan') in unpremedicated patients.
AB  - In younger patients, 2.25 mg/kg is a reliable induction dose of propofol, whereas
      this level falls to 1.5 mg/kg in older patients. The incidence of hypotension and
      apnoea is dose-dependent in all patients.

PMID- 3877303
TI  - Cumulative experience with propofol ('Diprivan') as an agent for the induction
      and maintenance of anaesthesia.
AB  - In 60 unpremedicated patients, anaesthesia induction time decreased when the time
      taken to inject a bolus of 2 mg/kg propofol was decreased from 60 s to 5 s.
      Apnoea at induction was noted in all groups but the degree of cardiorespiratory
      depression was not influenced by the rate of injection. In premedicated patients
      both 1.5 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg were effective doses for induction of anaesthesia.
      In comparison with thiopentone 4 mg/kg, propofol produced a greater degree of
      arterial hypotension and a smaller increase in heart rate. Preliminary results
      with an infusion of propofol for maintenance of anaesthesia suggest that rapid
      recovery can be achieved after operations of long duration.

PMID- 3877304
TI  - Positron emission tomography.

PMID- 3877305
TI  - Quantification of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase
      activity in human placentae: development of a protocol suitable for studying
      effects of environmental exposures on human metabolism.
AB  - Several issues regarding measurement of placental AHH and 7ECD activity were
      studied, and standardized procedures that appeared more suitable than previous
      assay procedures for measurement of MFO induction in epidemiological studies were
      adopted. In the AHH assay, deletion of the rat-liver supernatant eliminated a
      possible extraneous contribution to measurement of low levels of AHH activity and
      did not substantially affect measurement of higher levels of activity. Increasing
      the protein concentration of placentae homogenate from 2 to 6 mg, and the length
      of the incubation time from 20 to 60 min, allowed for accumulation of more BaP
      products, potentially maximizing the detection of low levels of AHH activity. Use
      of tissue homogenates made the procedure more convenient and did not appear to
      interfere with interindividual comparisons of activity. Assay of homogenates of
      fresh and frozen tissue from the same placenta gave similar results, so that
      frozen tissue was adopted for convenience and replicability. Although a potential
      problem for specimens with high AHH activity, degradation of product(s) was
      modest in AHH assays of human placenta. The efficiency of extraction of
      fluorescent products declined with increasing protein concentrations in the
      reaction mixture of AHH assays, but it was stable for a range of product
      concentrations, and could be controlled by the use of a constant amount of
      protein per assay. Recovery of product for the 7ECD assay was more complete and
      was not affected by protein concentration. Additionally, the 7ECD activity was
      easily detected in every placenta, regardless of smoking exposure. However, in
      this study the AHH assay appeared to be better at discriminating between non
      smokers and smokers. These observations, and the potential differences in the
      spectrum of agents causing induction of mixed-function oxidases, suggest that
      both assays are potentially useful measures of human MFO induction in clinical or
      epidemiological studies.

PMID- 3877306
TI  - [Effect of corticosteroids on the secretion of the serum thymic factor and on the
      content of mast cell affinity lymphocytes in rats].
AB  - The level of thymus serum factor (TSF) was studied in the circulation of
      adrenalectomized rats and in the administration of corticosteroids. The effect of
      adrenocortical hormones on the receptor properties of thymocytes by the ability
      of mast cells to form mastolymphocytic rosettes (MLR) with thymocytes was also
      studied. The TSF content was shown to decrease to the level observed in
      thymectomized animals 40 h after administration of 125 mg/kg hydrocortisone. The
      MLR amount formed by thymocytes decreased significantly either. Adrenalectomy mas
      accompanied by an increase in the TSF content early after operation and at later
      time the MLR amount rose. Sham adrenalectomy resulted in a decrease in the TSF
      amount early after operation.

PMID- 3877307
TI  - A viral long terminal repeat in the interleukin 2 gene of a cell line that
      constitutively produces interleukin 2.
AB  - The gibbon leukemia cell line MLA 144 differs from every other T-lymphocyte line
      in that it constitutively makes interleukin 2 (IL-2) (also called T-cell growth
      factor) without stimulation by antigen, lectin, or tumor promoters. Previous work
      in which glucocorticoids were used to inhibit IL-2 production has indicated that
      proliferation of this cell line is dependent upon endogenously produced IL-2. We
      have found that the MLA 144 cell line has a copy of the gibbon leukemia virus
      inserted into the 3' nontranslated region of the IL-2 gene. This integration
      event produces a composite mRNA made up of the protein coding sequences of the IL
      2 gene transcript but incorporating the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) in the
      3' nontranslated region of the mRNA. This composite mRNA transcript uses the
      polyadenylylation signal in the viral 5' LTR and incorporates the viral
      transcriptional control regions. The integration event must involve only one
      allele of the IL-2 gene, since transcripts essentially identical to normal human
      IL-2 mRNA are also produced in cloned sublines of MLA 144. That the viral LTR
      contains a 94-base-pair repeat reminiscent of enhancer sequences in several
      viruses suggests that the integration of the viral LTR at the 3' end of the IL-2
      gene is responsible for the constitutive production of IL-2 in the MLA 144 cell
      line.

PMID- 3877308
TI  - Sustained release of epidermal growth factor accelerates wound repair.
AB  - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a potent mitogen in vitro, but its biological
      role is less clear. The vulnerary effects of EGF were evaluated in a model of
      wound repair, the polyvinyl alcohol sponge implanted subcutaneously in rats. EGF
      was purified to homogeneity by reverse-phase HPLC and quantified by receptor
      binding assay and amino acid analysis. Preliminary data showed moderate promotion
      of granulation tissue formation by daily injections of 10 micrograms of EGF. To
      test the hypothesis that long-term exposure to EGF is required for complete
      cellular response, the factor was incorporated into pellets releasing 10 or 20
      micrograms of biologically active EGF per day, and the pellets were embedded
      within the sponges. Slow release of EGF caused a dramatic increase in the extent
      and organization of the granulation tissue at day 7, a doubling in the DNA
      content, and 33% increases in protein content and wet weight, as compared with
      placebo controls. Although collagen content was also increased by almost 50%, the
      relative rate of collagen synthesis remained the same, suggesting that the
      morphological and biochemical increase in collagen resulted from increased
      numbers of fibroblasts rather than a specific stimulation of collagen synthesis.
      These results indicate that the local sustained presence of EGF accelerates the
      process of wound repair, specifically neovascularization, organization by
      fibroblasts, and accumulation of collagen.

PMID- 3877309
TI  - Functional mapping of the human cerebellum with positron emission tomography.
AB  - Alterations of local neuronal activity induced within the human cerebellum by
      tactile stimulation and voluntary movement were mapped with positron emission
      tomographic measurements of brain blood flow. Finger movements produced
      bilateral, parasagittal blood-flow increases in anterior, superior hemispheric
      cortex of the cerebellum. Responses to tactile finger stimulation were
      coextensive with responses to voluntary finger movements but were less intense.
      Saccadic eye movements produced midline blood-flow increases in the posterior
      vermis of the cerebellum. Positron emission tomography now permits investigation
      of functional-anatomical relations within the human cerebellum.

PMID- 3877310
TI  - "Glycated" proteins in aging cells and tissues: clinical aspects.

PMID- 3877311
TI  - Separate neural substrates of the locomotor-activating properties of amphetamine,
      heroin, caffeine and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in the rat.
AB  - Destruction of dopamine terminals within the nucleus accumbens (N.Acc.) with 6
      hydroxydopamine blocked the locomotor activating properties of d-amphetamine, but
      not caffeine or corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Infusion of muscimol into
      the region of nucleus accumbens efferent terminals in the substantia innominata
      and lateral preoptic region (SI/LPO) blocked amphetamine-, but not caffeine- or
      CRF-stimulated locomotion. These muscimol infusions also blocked heroin
      stimulated locomotion. These results suggest that amphetamine, acting through a
      process dependent on N.Acc. dopamine transmission, stimulates locomotion by
      decreasing GABAergic activity within this N.Acc.-SI/LPO projection; heroin, known
      to act through a process dependent on N.Acc. opiate receptor activation, also
      stimulates locomotion by decreasing GABAergic activity within the SI/LPO;
      caffeine and CRF produce their activation through different neural substrates.

PMID- 3877312
TI  - The substrates for self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus and medial
      prefrontal cortex: a comparison of strength-duration characteristics.
AB  - The directly activated substrates for self-stimulation of the lateral
      hypothalamus (LH) and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) were described by comparing
      their strength-duration characteristics. The current required to maintain a half
      maximal rate of lever pressing was traded off against the pulse duration while
      all other stimulation parameters were kept constant. In this manner, cathodal
      strength-duration curves were obtained at four LH and eight MPFC sites; anodal
      curves were obtained at two of the LH and six of the MPFC sites. In general, the
      cathodal LH curves had lower rheobases than the cathodal MPFC curves and
      continued to descend after the MPFC curves had levelled off. At short pulse
      durations, the anodal curves lay above the cathodal curves, a finding more
      pronounced in the LH data. The two sets of curves converged at the longer pulse
      durations. The differences in the strength-duration curves are consistent with
      the notion that different directly stimulated neurons are responsible for the
      rewarding effects of LH and MPFC stimulation. Anatomical and physiological
      properties that could account for these differences are discussed.

PMID- 3877313
TI  - [Subluxation and luxation of the crystalline lens].

PMID- 3877314
TI  - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin as a tumor marker].
AB  - In this work we intended: a) to confirm the correlation between the increase of
      serum levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin (ATT) and neoplastic disease; b) to verify in
      what tumoural diseases the increase of ATT has a specific significance. Therefore
      we have examined 164 patients: 60 represented the control group and 104 were
      suffering from neoplastic diseases. We have subdivided the nest group according
      to histological type and tumour location. The result of this work has
      demonstrated that the increase of ATT is really determined by the existence of
      neoplastic disease, more than histological type or location of cancer. The AAT
      represents a diagnostic index of neoplastic diseases, highly sensitive but little
      specific.

PMID- 3877315
TI  - Chronic knee pain assessed by SPECT: comparison with other modalities.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with chronic knee pain were examined prospectively using
      conventional radiography, radionuclide angiography, planar bone scintigraphy, and
      single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) bone scintigraphy. When the
      results of subsequent arthroscopic examination of all three compartments of the
      knee were correlated with those of the noninvasive methods, SPECT bone
      scintigraphy was found to be most sensitive for evaluating the extent of
      osteoarthritis. Differences in detection sensitivity for articular cartilage
      damage and synovitis were greatest in the patellofemoral compartment. The
      frequency with which hyperemia was present in association with cartilage damage
      and synovitis indicates that osteoarthritis of the knee is capable of producing
      hyperemia and further implies that increased perfusion cannot be used to
      distinguish with confidence between osteoarthritis and septic processes involving
      the knee. SPECT (1.00) and planar (0.91) bone scintigraphy were highly sensitive
      indicators of torn menisci in a subgroup of 14 patients, each having a
      prearthroscopic clinical diagnosis of a torn meniscus. This result suggests that
      for patients with chronic knee pain and clinical suggestion of a torn meniscus,
      bone scintigraphy has significant potential as a high-sensitivity,
      prearthroscopic screening examination.

PMID- 3877316
TI  - Positron emission tomography of the heart.

PMID- 3877317
TI  - Regulation of prostaglandin production by osteoblast-rich calvarial cells.
AB  - The effect of various factors upon prostaglandin (PG) production by the
      osteoblast was examined using osteoblast-rich populations of cells prepared from
      newborn rat calvaria. Bradykinin and serum, and to a lesser extent, thrombin,
      were all shown to stimulate PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (the hydration product of
      PGI2) secretion by the osteoblastic cells. Several inhibitors of prostanoid
      synthesis, dexamethasone, indomethacin, dazoxiben and nafazatrom, were tested for
      their effects on the calvarial cells. All inhibited PGE2 and PGI2 (the major
      arachidonic acid metabolites of these cells) production with half-maximal
      inhibition by all four substances occurring at approximately 10(-7) M. For
      dazoxiben and nafazatrom, this was in contrast to published results from
      experiments in vivo which have indicated that the compounds stimulated PGI2
      production. Finally, since the osteoblast is responsive to bone-resorbing
      hormones, these were tested. Only epidermal growth factor (EGF) was shown to
      modify PG production. At early times EGF stimulated PGE2 release, however, the
      predominant effect of the growth factor was an inhibition of both PGE2 and PGI2
      production by the osteoblastic cells. The present results suggest that the bone
      resorbing hormones do not act to cause an increase in PG by the osteoblast and
      that any increase in PG production by these cells may be in response to vascular
      agents.

PMID- 3877318
TI  - Corticotropin-releasing factor inhibits gastric emptying in dogs.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ovine
      corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on the gastric emptying of a saline meal in
      conscious dogs. Intravenous infusion of CRF (220-880 pmol . kg-1 . h-1), induced
      a significant linear dose dependent inhibition of gastric emptying (16-71%). CRF
      action was not modified by naloxone and not associated with vomiting or other
      side effects. Intravenous infusion of sulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK
      8, 50-200 pmol . kg-1 . h-1) inhibited gastric emptying by 29-52%. The relative
      potency of CRF with respect to CCK-8 is 4 times less. These studies demonstrated
      that CRF given intravenously in picomolar amount inhibits gastric emptying of a
      liquid meal in dogs through a mechanism unrelated to opiates. The role of
      endogenous CRF in stress-induced inhibition of gastric emptying needs to be
      investigated.

PMID- 3877319
TI  - [Diagnostic imaging by radioisotopes. Application. (IX). Radionuclide imaging of
      the heart].

PMID- 3877320
TI  - [Epidemiological survey of smoking habits among medical students in the State of
      Sao Paulo].

PMID- 3877321
TI  - [Emergency of shoshin beriberi in Brazil: clinical, hemodynamic and therapeutic
      aspects].

PMID- 3877323
TI  - [Post-traumatic external pancreatic fistulas].

PMID- 3877322
TI  - [Jeopardy to the health of children due to smoking habits of parents].

PMID- 3877324
TI  - [Eosinophil search in the nasal mucus: value in the differential diagnosis of
      rhinitis].

PMID- 3877325
TI  - [Malignant neoplasms of the bile ducts].

PMID- 3877326
TI  - [Risks to which passive smokers are exposed. The right of non-smokers].

PMID- 3877327
TI  - [Upper digestive hemorrhage caused by recurrent gastritis. Adverse effects of
      spironolactone].

PMID- 3877328
TI  - Bilateral exudative pleuritis, an unusual pulmonary onset of mixed connective
      tissue disease.
AB  - In mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) pulmonary involvement has been
      reported. In most patients diffuse interstitial pulmonary abnormalities are
      present. We describe an unusual pulmonary onset of MCTD in an 18-year-old woman.
      She presented with a bilateral pleural exudate containing many granulocytes (95%)
      and only a few monocytes (5%). High titers of antinuclear antibodies were found.
      One week after hospitalization, an erythema on both hands and forearms developed.
      Skin biopsy demonstrated discrete IgM-C3 depositions along the basal membrane of
      the epidermis, antinuclear antibodies in the nuclei of the keratocytes in the
      dermis and granular depositions of IgM in the blood vessel walls of the upper
      dermis. Lung function tests improved without corticosteroid treatment and
      diffusing capacity remained normal.

PMID- 3877329
TI  - Vaginal discharge and Gardnerella vaginalis. Predisposing factors.
AB  - A total of 284 women in the reproductive years with vaginal discharge from which
      only Gardnerella vaginalis (GV) had been isolated, entered a questionnaire study
      on the possible causal relation between presence of GV and type of menstrual
      hygiene, type of contraception, number of deliveries, infertility and number of
      sexual partners. A control group consisted of 225 women without vaginal
      discharge. The study showed that patients with GV significantly more frequently
      used tampons for menstrual hygiene, sought medical assistance for vaginal
      discharge more often, and had more sexual partners. On the other hand, no
      difference was found between the two groups as to type of contraception, number
      of previous deliveries, and unsuccessful attempts of getting pregnant.

PMID- 3877330
TI  - Infectious diseases in Greenlanders of Upernavik.
AB  - During one year, 1979-80, all the contacts between the 836 inhabitants of
      Upernavik town and the local medical officers were recorded. In the 737 native
      Greenlanders 1006 contacts (41%) were caused by infectious diseases, representing
      705 episodes of disease. The number of contacts per episode of disease was
      similar in all age groups. Of these contacts 26% were caused by acute upper
      respiratory tract infections, 8% by other acute respiratory infections, 10% by
      chronic respiratory infections, 24% by non-traumatic skin infections, 7% by post
      traumatic skin infections, 8% by sexually transmitted diseases, and 17% by other
      infections. Skin infections were most common in males, whereas all other
      infections were most common in females. The patterns of age specific contact
      rates were similar in males and females, except regarding "other infections". A
      peak of respiratory infections in July and of skin infections during winter was
      noted. The contact rate for all infectious diseases together was slightly higher
      than in Danish general practice, and infectious diseases also accounted for a
      larger proportion of all registered contacts. Contacts due to chronic respiratory
      infections, skin infections and sexually transmitted diseases were notably more
      frequent in Upernavik.

PMID- 3877331
TI  - Latent class analysis in chronic disease epidemiology.
AB  - Latent class analysis provides a useful framework for the analysis of
      epidemiological data which may have been mismeasured. In this paper, the latent
      class model is described in the context of logistic regression with categorical
      variables, and some examples of its application are provided. In particular, it
      is shown that adjustment for a misclassified confounding variable can be greatly
      improved by using the methods presented.

PMID- 3877332
TI  - Comparison of two statistical techniques for the surveillance of birth defects
      through a Monte Carlo simulation.

PMID- 3877334
TI  - Solid phase assays for detection of Sm antibodies in systemic lupus
      erythematosus.

PMID- 3877333
TI  - [Biological activity of the anticentromere antibody. Complement fixation
      capacity].

PMID- 3877335
TI  - Cytolytic activity of T lymphocytes isolated from ovarian carcinoma ascitic
      fluid. Analysis at the population and clonal level.
AB  - T lymphocytes were isolated from ascitic fluid of three patients with ovarian
      carcinoma at III-IV stage. Surface markers analysis of such purified T cells
      revealed that T8+ cells were well represented among ascitic T lymphocytes (from
      35 to 56%). Low percentages of activated T cells, as indicated by HLA-DR and TAC
      (interleukin-2 receptor) positivity, were also present. However, fresh ascitic T
      lymphocytes failed to lyse autologous tumor target cells in a 4-h 51Cr release
      assay. Furthermore, by applying a limiting dilution microculture system that
      allows optimal conditions for cloning of human T lymphocytes, we derived clones
      from these populations. From 41 to 63% of clones so obtained had cytolytic
      activity in a lectin-dependent assay allowing detection of cytolytic T cells of
      any specificity. More importantly, in all three patients several clones were
      found to lyse autologous tumor target cells as well. Some of these clones have
      been studied in more detail: 9 out of 10 expressed the T8+/T4- phenotype, whereas
      only one was T8-/T4+; 6 out of 9 clones had a definite NK-like activity, while
      none of them lysed autologous PHA-lymphoblasts.

PMID- 3877336
TI  - A first-hand report on the new body scanners.

PMID- 3877337
TI  - [Portal cavernoma].

PMID- 3877338
TI  - Platelet--von Willebrand factor interactions in type IIB von Willebrand's
      disease.
AB  - Type IIB von Willebrand's disease (vWD) is a distinct form of this disorder in
      which the largest multimers of the von Willebrand factor (vWF) are lacking in
      plasma but present in platelets. When the vasopressin analogue, 1-deamino-8-D
      arginine vasopressin (DDAVP), is given to patients with type IIB vWD, an abnormal
      vWF is released to plasma. This vWF causes thrombocytopenia in vivo and platelet
      aggregation in vitro. Aggregation occurs in the plasma milieu and thus at
      physiological fibrinogen concentration. In this study we demonstrate that IIB
      post-DDAVP vWF aggregated only metabolically active platelets. The platelet
      aggregation was completely inhibited by EDTA and PGE1, and either inhibited or
      greatly weakened by ASA, demonstrating the role of divalent cations and
      thromboxane A2 formation. In spite of inhibiting platelet aggregation, EDTA, PGE1
      and ASA did not prevent platelet binding of IIB post-DDAVP vWF. An antiserum
      against GP Ib made normal platelets less responsive to the IIB vWF although
      neither platelet aggregation nor vWF binding were completely prevented. The
      aggregation was fibrinogen-dependent and platelets from patients with Glanzmann's
      thrombasthenia were unresponsive. The studies provide evidence that IIB post
      DDAVP vWF is bound to unstimulated platelets and that the interaction between vWF
      and platelets in type IIB vWD is different from ristocetin-induced as well as
      thrombin- and epinephrine-induced binding to platelets of normal vWF.

PMID- 3877339
TI  - Naproxen has greater antipyretic effect on Hodgkin's disease-related fever than
      no other tumours or infection.
AB  - In 28 febrile patients with malignant lymphoma or leukaemia, the hourly
      temperatures were recorded following an oral dose of 125 mg naproxen (50% of
      normal single adult analgesic dose). 15 patients had clinical infection, and 13
      had fever secondary to their malignant disease. Compared to controls, there was
      no significant antipyretic effect of 125 mg naproxen in infected patients,
      whereas this small dose in patients without infection had a significant effect.
      In the uninfected patients, the antipyretic effect was significantly more marked
      in fever related to Hodgkin's disease than to non-Hodgkin lymphoma or leukaemia.
      This selective antipyretic effect of a prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitor in
      tumour-related fever, especially in Hodgkin's disease, is unexplained but may be
      useful in the palliative treatment of patients with advanced disease.

PMID- 3877340
TI  - Cutaneous pre-B leukaemia cells with a T-lymphocyte antigen (T4).
AB  - A patient with acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) is described in whom the cells
      originated in the pre-B cell lineage but showed an aberrant expression of T4
      antigen. A B-cell origin of the leukaemic cells was indicated by reactivity for
      several monoclonal antibodies specific for the B-cell lineage and by cytoplasmic
      staining with FITC-labelled anti human mu chains.

PMID- 3877341
TI  - The prevention of recurrent variceal haemorrhage by chronic injection
      sclerotherapy.
AB  - Forty eight patients who have survived admission with acute variceal haemorrhage
      have been readmitted and entered into a programme of chronic injection
      sclerotherapy to prevent recurrent variceal haemorrhage. Two hundred and nineteen
      elective courses of injections were performed at fibreoptic endoscopy with minor
      complications occurring in six patients. Twenty three patients rebled on 33
      occasions but in only five instances did haemorrhage occur following variceal
      obliteration. With 67 per cent of patients surviving one year, this treatment
      option offers a satisfactory means of preventing recurrent haemorrhage when
      variceal obliteration is achieved.

PMID- 3877342
TI  - Ocular complications in juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA).
AB  - Fifty-six children with JCA have attended the Rheumatology Clinic at the Royal
      Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, over the past five years. Eleven have
      monoarthritis, 21 pauciarthritis and 24 polyarthritis. Seven children with
      pauciarthritis and one with monoarthritis developed ocular complications. Of
      these six were girls. In six children the arthritis preceded the uveitis. In one
      child arthritis and uveitis presented at the same time and in another the uveitis
      preceded the arthritis by one year. All were treated with steroids (7 topically,
      1 systemically) and topical mydriatic agents. After an initial response the
      uveitis persisted as a low-grade inflammation gradually leading to secondary
      complications and increasing loss of vision. Only two patients enjoy normal
      vision at present. The importance of routine slit-lamp microscopy in all children
      with JCA is stressed, especially in those with pauciarthritis and antinuclear
      antibodies.

PMID- 3877343
TI  - Regional cerebral blood flow: estimation by means of nonmetabolized diffusible
      tracers--an overview.
AB  - Visualization and measurement of functional activity throughout the human brain
      has been made possible by position emission tomography (PET) using tracers, the
      accumulation of which in the various regions of the brain are functions of
      regional blood flow or energy metabolism. Certain principles and mathematical
      expressions describing the exchange of diffusible, nonmetabolized substances
      between capillary and brain, published nearly 40 years ago, have been useful in
      this development.

PMID- 3877344
TI  - Cerebral blood flow tomography with xenon-133.
AB  - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) can be measured tomographically by inhalation of Xenon
      133. The calculation is based on taking a sequence of tomograms during the wash
      in and wash-out phase of the tracer. Due to the dynamic nature of the process, a
      highly sensitive and fast moving single photon emission computed tomograph
      (SPECT) is required. Two brain-dedicated SPECT systems designed for this purpose
      are mentioned, and the method is described with special reference to the
      limitations inherent in the soft energy of the 133Xe primary photons. CBF
      tomography can be used for a multitude of clinical and investigative purposes.
      This article discusses in particular its use for the selection of patients with
      carotid occlusion for extracranial/intracranial bypass surgery, for detection of
      severe arterial spasm after aneurysm bleeding, and for detection of low flow
      areas during severe migraine attacks. The use of other tracers for CBF tomography
      using SPECT is summarized with emphasis on the 99mTc chelates that freely pass
      the intact blood-brain barrier. The highly sensitive brain-dedicated SPECT
      systems described are a prerequisite for achieving high resolution tomograms with
      such tracers.

PMID- 3877345
TI  - Female labor force participation and female mortality in Wisconsin 1974-1978.
AB  - The following research question is addressed in the study: what effect will the
      entrance of women into the labor force have on female mortality rates for all
      causes of death combined as well as specific causes relating to occupational
      stress, behavioral factors and physical hazards associated with occupation? This
      question is examined through comparisons of age, marital status and occupation
      specific death rates for all causes of death combined and for selected causes of
      death. Death certificates provided by the Wisconsin Bureau of Health Statistics
      for the years 1974-1978 and population data provided by the 1976 Survey of Income
      and Education were used to construct death rates. The death rates of the white
      civilian female population of Wisconsin 16-64 years of age were examined using
      exploratory data analysis techniques (schematic plots and median polish) and
      standard errors. In general, the death rates of women in the labor force are
      substantially lower than those of housewives. These results may indicate that the
      role of housewife exposes women to health hazards. In addition, the results of
      this study may suggest some selectivity of healthy women into the labor force or
      a protective effect of labor force participation. In a limited number of
      instances, labor force participants' mortality rates exceed those of housewives.
      In the 60-64 year old population, white-collar workers, specifically, sales
      workers, managers and professionals, experience significantly higher death rates
      than housewives. In addition, specific groups of labor force participants
      experience significantly higher death rates than housewives for accidental deaths
      (i.e. laborers 16-44 and 45-54), deaths due to heart disease (i.e. laborers 45-54
      and sales workers 60-64) and deaths due to malignant neoplasms (i.e. white-collar
      workers 60-64 years of age). The possibility that these instances indicate the
      direction of future mortality trends should be considered.

PMID- 3877346
TI  - [Structure of gastrointestinal hemorrhages in the Extreme North-East (endoscopic
      data)].

PMID- 3877348
TI  - Esophageal endosclerosis in children.
AB  - During the past 6 years, 25 consecutive patients with esophageal variceal
      hemorrhage were treated by esophageal endosclerosis (direct injection of varices
      with a sclerosing agent). The primary disease in the 25 children was portal vein
      thrombosis (11 patients), biliary atresia (nine patients), and hepatic cirrhosis
      from cystic fibrosis (three patients), alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (one
      patient), and neonatal hepatitis (one patient). Thirteen patients were treated
      during acute, major variceal hemorrhage. Esophageal endosclerosis was repeated at
      regular intervals until all esophageal varices were obliterated. Twenty-one
      patients completed therapy. Four patients died: one of a complication of therapy
      and three of the primary disease. Other than the one death, complications were
      minor. Recurrent esophageal variceal hemorrhage has not been encountered in
      follow-up from 9 months to 6 years after completion of therapy.

PMID- 3877347
TI  - Mortality trends of lung and breast cancer in women.

PMID- 3877350
TI  - Genetic analysis of subacute (de Quervain's) thyroiditis.
AB  - A weak association between subacute (de Quervain's) thyroiditis and HLA-DRw8
      (relative risk = 2.19, X2 = 3.86) was observed. However, the association was not
      statistically significant if p value was corrected. Since it was confirmed that
      the association of subacute thyroiditis with HLA-B35 was primary, and since this
      association was extremely strong, the two models (dominant and recessive) for the
      effect of an HLA-linked gene which has a major effect on the pathogenesis of
      subacute thyroiditis were tested by the method described by Thomson & Bodmer
      using the frequency of HLA-B35 in the patients. The data most fit to the
      recessive model for the HLA-linked major gene involved in subacute thyroiditis.

PMID- 3877349
TI  - Lymphocyte subsets, phytohaemagglutinin responsiveness of blood lymphocytes, and
      interleukin 2 production in sarcoidosis.
AB  - To test the possibility that T lymphocyte subset imbalance and interleukin 2
      (IL2) play a part in the impairment of cellular immune response in sarcoidosis,
      the proportion of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and alveolar lavage
      fluid from 21 patients with sarcoidosis was studied, monoclonal antibodies OKT3,
      OKT4, and OKT8 being used. Lectin induced production of IL2 and
      phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes were
      investigated. The percentage of both OKT3+ and OKT4+ T lymphocytes was
      significantly lower in peripheral blood from patients with sarcoidosis than in
      control subjects (control 63% and 46%), more so in patients with chronic
      sarcoidosis (44% and 23%) than in patients with recent sarcoidosis (56% and 38%).
      PHA induced IL2 production from peripheral blood lymphocytes did not differ
      between patients with sarcoidosis and control subjects. There was a significant
      positive correlation between PHA responsiveness and the percentage of blood OKT3+
      and OKT4+ cells. Peripheral blood lymphocyte PHA responsiveness was decreased
      only in patients with an OKT4/OKT8 ratio of less than 1.5. Finally, late addition
      of exogenous IL2 to the culture medium on day 5 increased 3(H)Tdr incorporation
      by PHA stimulated blasts in peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal subjects,
      but not from those of patients with sarcoidosis. The data suggest that the
      impairment of cellular immune response in patients with sarcoidosis could in part
      reflect a decrease in the percentage of blood T helper lymphocytes and impaired
      IL2 receptors at the surface of stimulated lymphocytes.

PMID- 3877351
TI  - Elevation of platelet associated antibody levels in patients with chronic
      idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura expressing the B8 and/or DR3 allotypes.
AB  - The HLA type DR3 was present in 11 of 26 patients with Chronic Idiopathic
      Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP), a significantly increased frequency (p less than
      0.05). Levels of platelet associated immunoglobulin M(PAIgM) were significantly
      higher in the B8 and/or DR3 positive group of chronic ITP patients than in the B8
      DR3 negative patients despite similar clinical outcomes. Other immunologic
      parameters assessed, including serum immunoglobulin levels, rate of catabolism of
      transfused IgG, and antibody coated autologous red cell clearances were similar
      for both groups. These results suggest that there is an immunobiologic
      abnormality associated with the B8 DR3 allotypes which may result in a
      predisposition not only to chronic ITP, but also to a significant increase in
      PAIgM. These results are in accord with studies linking autoantibody with B8 DR3.

PMID- 3877352
TI  - Effects of subchronic treatment with O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate on cellular
      and humoral immune response systems.
AB  - The effect of a 14-day treatment with low doses of O,O,S-Trimethyl
      phosphorothioate (OOS-TMP), an impurity in technical malathion, on the generation
      of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses was examined in female C57B1/6
      mice. At a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day OOS-TMP, the generation of antibody-secreting
      cells to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), the production of interleukin 2 (IL-2),
      and proliferative responses to the mitogens concanavalin A (Con A) and
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were elevated. In contrast, the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte
      (CTL) response to alloantigen was unchanged. At 5.0 mg/kg/day OOS-TMP, both the
      CTL and specific antibody response were unchanged, but all other immune
      parameters examined were elevated. Data from cell separation and reconstitution
      experiments indicated that both macrophages and B cells were affected by this
      treatment regime. These data suggest that long-term exposure to low amounts of
      OOS-TMP may enhance the ability of an animal to generate an immune response.

PMID- 3877353
TI  - Protracted exposure of C57BL/6 mice to 300 ppm benzene depresses B- and T
      lymphocyte numbers and mitogen responses. Evidence for thymic and bone marrow
      proliferation in response to the exposures.
AB  - Groups of C57BL/6J, male mice were exposed to 300 ppm benzene via inhalation for
      115 exposures (6 h/day, 5 days/week), a regimen known to cause thymic lymphoma in
      these animals. The effects of these exposures on lymphoid parameters were
      determined by measuring the numbers of B- and T-lymphocytes and mitogen-induced
      proliferation of B- and T-lymphocytes in bone marrow, spleen, and thymus after 6,
      30, and 115 exposures. The numbers of B-lymphocytes in bone marrow and spleen and
      the numbers of T-lymphocytes in thymus and spleen were found to be markedly
      reduced after all 3 periods. Mitogen-induced proliferation of bone marrow and
      splenic B-lymphocytes exhibited a progressive depression throughout the exposure
      period reaching a point of no observable response after 115 exposures. Splenic T
      cell mitogen-induced proliferation was also markedly depressed throughout the
      exposures, but there was no evidence of a progressive decline in this response
      during the exposures. Bone marrow cellularity increased 3-fold and the numbers of
      thymic T-cells increased 15-fold in benzene-exposed mice between the 6th and 30th
      exposure. No corresponding increase in splenic cells was observed in benzene
      exposed mice during this interval. The marked increases in the numbers of cells
      in bone marrow and thymus are interpreted as arising from compensatory
      proliferation of a subpopulation of cells in response to the exposures. The
      absence of increases in cell number in the spleen is interpreted as reflecting
      the lack of lymphoid restorative capacity in this organ. The marked increases of
      thymic and bone marrow cellularity are discussed relative to the known ability of
      this benzene exposure regimen to produce thymic lymphoma in these animals.

PMID- 3877354
TI  - Human alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor is inactivated by exposure to sidestream
      cigarette smoke.
AB  - Direct exposure of human alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1PI) to sidestream
      cigarette smoke causes an initial, rapid loss of elastase inhibitory capacity
      followed by a slow, gradual loss of activity as the protein is incubated in the
      smoke-exposed aqueous buffer solution. The exposure used here gives a total of
      40% inactivation using one cigarette. This biphasic pattern of inactivation is
      similar to the inactivation seen following the direct exposure of alpha 1PI to
      mainstream smoke. We suggest that although exposures to sidestream smoke by
      nonsmokers are generally lower than the exposures to mainstream smoke experienced
      by smokers, sidestream smoke has the potential to produce similar types of damage
      as mainstream smoke, including emphysema-like damage, and should not be regarded
      as innocuous.

PMID- 3877355
TI  - Lymphocyte subpopulations in the neonate: high percentage of ANAE+ cells with low
      avidity for sheep erythrocytes.
AB  - In the present study we have stained for alfa-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE)
      cord blood lymphocytes (CBL) as well as cord blood E rosetting cells. The results
      obtained showed that the percentage of E rosettes (E+) is lower in cord blood
      than in adult peripheral blood when rosetting is carried out with untreated sheep
      red blood cells (SRBC), while there is no significant difference if SRBC are
      previously treated with 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide (AET). ANAE-positive
      cells (A+) were higher in cord than in adult blood. ANAE staining of E+ cells
      showed that CBL include a high percentage of A+ cells with low avidity for SRBC
      which could represent immature lymphocytes related to the T-cell lineage.

PMID- 3877356
TI  - Pharmacokinetic profiles of cyclosporine in rats. Influence of route of
      administration and dosage.
AB  - This study was performed to determine the influence of different routes of
      administration and of variable doses of cyclosporine (CsA) on the
      pharmacokinetics of CsA in the rat. Seven groups of 4 adult female Lewis rats
      were given CsA once daily for 5 days: group 1: 5 mg/kg of CsA p.o. (by gavage);
      group 2: 10 mg/kg of CsA p.o.; Group 3: 5 mg/kg of CsA i.m.; group 4: 10 mg/kg of
      CsA i.m.; Group 5: 5 mg/kg of CsA s.c.; group 6: 10 mg/kg of CsA s.c., group 7:
      10 mg/kg CsA i.p. CsA plasma levels were determined by RIA at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and
      24 hr on days 1 and 4. Ease of administration was greatest in the s.c. groups (3
      and 4), in which no anesthesia, no restraining device, and no special skills were
      required. Peak CsA levels varied greatly from group to group, as did trough
      levels and CsA bioavailability, as determined by the total area under the plasma
      CsA concentration-time curve. All groups exhibited great variation of CsA plasma
      level in the 24-hr period following administration, except group 3, in which the
      peak-to-trough difference was only 26.8% of peak level, as opposed to values over
      60% in all other groups. We conclude that: (1) CsA may be administered to rats
      through different routes to achieve adequate plasma levels; (2) the route and
      dosage will greatly influence the pharmacokinetic profile of CsA; and (3) the SC
      route, in addition to being the easiest, provides reproducible and steady CsA
      plasma levels, with little variation over a 24-hr period.

PMID- 3877357
TI  - Tubular formations in the lung.

PMID- 3877358
TI  - Stable cavitation at low ultrasonic intensities induces cell death and inhibits
      3H-TdR incorporation by Con-A-stimulated murine lymphocytes in vitro.
AB  - Murine spleen cell suspensions stimulated by Concanavalin A (Con-A) were exposed
      to 1.6-MHz continuous-wave ultrasound at low intensities (spatial-peak values
      ranging from 16 to 300 mW/cm2) in the presence of a Nuclepore membrane that
      contained stabilized gas bodies. The ultrasonically activated gas bodies induced
      cell lysis and reduced the fraction of intact cells that excluded trypan blue. At
      a spatial-peak intensity of 75 mW/cm2 (spatial-average intensity 15 mW/cm2), Con
      A-induced Methyl[3H]thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation was reduced in cultures
      exposed at 24 or 48 hr after addition of Con-A but not at 7 or 13 hr. There was
      no observable effect on cell survival or 3H-TdR incorporation at spatial-peak
      intensities below 75 mW/cm2.

PMID- 3877359
TI  - Analyses of variables underlying U.S. Navy diving accidents.
AB  - U.S. Navy diving logs were examined to determine the most frequently occurring
      diving accidents and to identify significant underlying factors. Of the 1174
      incidents reported during the course of 706,259 dives, decompression sickness and
      barotraumas were the most prevalent. Mishap incidence increased significantly
      with dive depth. Dives for selection or experimental purposes, as well as
      saturation diving and surface decompressions among decompression schedule types,
      were at an elevated risk of terminating in an accident. Older divers were
      disproportionately assigned to deep dives. Eighty-one percent of diving mishaps
      ended in complete relief for the diver while 18% terminated in substantial
      relief.

PMID- 3877360
TI  - [Alcohol and drug consumption in students at the college level. A 1978-1984
      comparison].

PMID- 3877361
TI  - [Intestinal hemorrhage as a complication of ureterosigmoanastomosis].

PMID- 3877362
TI  - [Nystagmometry in the evaluation of vestibular function in patients with
      tympanosclerosis].

PMID- 3877363
TI  - [A method of conducting a caloric test in patients with chronic suppurative
      otitis media].

PMID- 3877364
TI  - [Vestibular syndrome in diencephalic-hypothalamic damage in patients with tick
      borne encephalitis].

PMID- 3877365
TI  - [Treatment of vocal cord hemorrhages with sinusoidal modulated currents].

PMID- 3877366
TI  - [Large-intestinal lesions in destructive pancreatitis].
AB  - An acute destructive pancreatitis may be followed by a lesion of the colon with
      its developing necrosis, narrowing etc. Seven cases with such complications are
      described. Problems of surgical tactics in patients with a destructive
      pancreatitis complicated by lesions of the colon are discussed.

PMID- 3877367
TI  - [Spinal osteochondrosis in geriatric practice].
AB  - The author generalizes his experiences with the treatment of 73 patients older
      than 60 with vertebral osteochondrosis. In the system of treatment of such
      patients a special place is given to electric sleep and electroanalgesia in
      combination with other physical procedures. The operative treatment is indicated
      in single cases.

PMID- 3877368
TI  - [Transvenous electrodestruction of conduction pathways of the heart].

PMID- 3877369
TI  - Proventricular haemorrhages in broilers.

PMID- 3877370
TI  - beta-Lactamase production in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitic
      milk.

PMID- 3877371
TI  - Role of the blue mechanism in wavelength discrimination.
AB  - The role of blue cones as well as the pathways they supply (collectively called
      the "blue mechanism") is evaluated by comparing ordinary wavelength
      discrimination functions with those obtained using two methods designed to
      inhibit the blue mechanism selectively. These methods use a just-noticeable
      border criterion (JNB), instead of the usual one of just-noticeable-difference,
      and a yellow preadapting field to induce transient tritanopia. Without transient
      tritanopia, the data obtained using the just-noticeable-border criterion reveal a
      small contribution of the blue mechanism to wavelength discrimination. Transient
      tritanopia, with JNB, produces an additional selective loss of wavelength
      discrimination in a spectral region flanking 460 nm, which yields a function
      resembling those for tritanopes previously examined.

PMID- 3877372
TI  - [Use of central electroanalgesia in the treatment of patients with essential
      hypertension].

PMID- 3877373
TI  - [Effectiveness of decimetric-wave therapy in patients with chronic
      pyelonephritis].

PMID- 3877374
TI  - [Dynamics of immunological reactivity in patients with anovulatory menstrual
      cycles during transcerebral treatment with ultrahigh-frequency electric fields].

PMID- 3877375
TI  - A case of aorto-enteric fistula. Diagnosis in upper gastrointestinal
      hemorrhaging.

PMID- 3877376
TI  - [Epidemiology of salmonelloses--epidemic status in the Potsdam district].

PMID- 3877377
TI  - [Diagnosis of hemophilia and von Willebrand-Jurgens syndrome. 1. Organization of
      a dispensary for patients with hemorrhagic diatheses and a laboratory program].
AB  - Tasks and organisation of a dispensary for patients with hereditary haemorrhagic
      diatheses are explained. A laboratory programme which was used for the
      diagnostics of these diseases, particularly of haemophilia and von Willebrand
      Jurgens syndrome, is demonstrated.

PMID- 3877378
TI  - [Prevention of diabetes mellitus with reference to its epidemiologic and
      etiopathogenic aspects].
AB  - With a prevalence rate of 36.4% the morbidity of diabetes occupies the 11th rank
      of the chronic non-communicable diseases in the population of the GDR. The 5.8
      fold increase of the total prevalence which is to be observed in a period of 24
      years is in 89% to be traced back to the increase of the non-insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus. Since unknown etiopathogenetic: events of IDDM exclude a
      secondary prevention in the sense of prevention of manifestation, it can already
      at present be used for the NIDDM with relevance to practice. First of all the
      preventive measures should concentrate on the prevention and removal,
      respectively of the peripheral insulin resistance by elimination of defined risk
      factors, which an inductor function in the course of the pathogenetic process to
      the NIDDM is to be ascribed to. The close hormonal and metabolic meshing of the
      pathogenesis of NIDDM with arteriosclerotic vascular diseases proves the demand
      for integrative combat programmes which are to be used on population scale.

PMID- 3877379
TI  - [Significance of the ejection fraction at rest and by stress using radionuclide
      ventriculography for the prognosis of myocardial infarct patients--comparison
      with other study methods].
AB  - We examined 221 patients with postmyocardial infarctions 8 weeks after MI using
      radionuclide ventriculography (RNVA) at rest (EFR) and during supine submaximal
      exercise (delta EF). Mortality rates were evaluated 2 1/2 and 3 1/2 years later
      by interviewing patients and/or their homephysicians. Sixteen patients were dead
      (6.7%) 2 1/2 years after MI, 28 (12.7%) were dead after 3 1/2 years. Thirty
      percent of patients with a resting EF less than 30% had died 2 1/2 years after
      MI, and 40% were dead within 3 1/2 years. The mortality rate was significantly
      higher than in patients who had EF greater than or equal to 30% 8 weeks after MI.
      Patients with a decrease of delta EF (greater than or equal to 5%) showed a 2 1/2
      year mortality of 10.8% and after 3 1/2 years of 18.5%. Mortality was
      significantly higher in patients with decreasing EF during exercise than in those
      who increased their EF during exercise. This prognostic value of EFR and delta EF
      was compared with other parameters (angina pectoris, ECG at rest and during
      exercise, heart volume, Holter ECG, floating catheter PCP [rest and exercise],
      coronary angiography). Radionuclide ventriculography at rest and during exercise
      showed a tendency to be the best determining factor for prognosis, and is
      therefore recommended to determine prognosis in post-MI patients.

PMID- 3877380
TI  - [Possibilities of quality control in rosette tests].

PMID- 3877381
TI  - Mitogenic activity of influenza virus and haemagglutinin.
AB  - Influenza A viruses behave as T cell-independent B cell mitogens in vitro. The
      magnitude of the proliferation induced varies with the haemagglutinin subtype of
      the virus, the order being H2 greater than H6 greater than H3 greater than H1 for
      Balb/c mice. H3 viruses are equally mitogenic for all strains of mice tested. In
      contrast, the mitogenic response to H2 and H6 viruses is controlled by the I-E
      subregion of the major histocompatibility complex. These viruses are mitogenic
      only for strains of mice that express surface I-E antigen (haplotypes a, d, k, p,
      r), and not for haplotypes b, f, q, s, which fail to synthesize a normal E alpha
      chain and do not express surface I-E antigen. Mitogenesis by H2 and H6 viruses
      may involve direct interaction of virus with I-E molecules on the B lymphocyte or
      an accessory cell, whereas mitogenesis by H3 viruses does not appear to involve I
      E.

PMID- 3877382
TI  - Cell-mediated lysis of heat-inactivated influenza virus-coated murine targets.
AB  - The involvement of inoculated virus antigens in the induction of target
      susceptibility to cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated lysis was investigated
      using heat-inactivated influenza virus, PR8 strain, and various inhibitors in
      comparison to the cases for live or ultraviolet (u.v.)-irradiated influenza and
      Sendai viruses. Induction of target susceptibility with heated PR8 was not
      inhibited by cycloheximide and actinomycin D as in the case of u.v.-irradiated
      Sendai virus, whereas live virus and u.v.-irradiated PR8 were inhibited under
      conditions which suppress protein synthesis. Induction of target susceptibility
      with the live and inactivated PR8 tested was suppressed in the presence of
      chloroquine, contrary to the case of Sendai virus, and was dependent on the
      cleavage type of influenza virus haemagglutinin. These findings suggest that the
      viral target antigens recognized by CTL in heated PR8-coated targets came from
      inoculated virus proteins, whereas those in PR8-infected or u.v.-irradiated PR8
      coated targets involved newly synthesized viral proteins. The former viral target
      antigens seem to be transferred or processed from the endosome, depending on low
      pH fusion in the endosomes into which they were engulfed. In this point, the
      induction of viral target antigens with heated PR8 was different from that
      induced by u.v.-inactivated Sendai virus. Targets made with heated PR8 were
      recognized by cross-reactive CTL over the HA subtype.

PMID- 3877383
TI  - [Studies on the differentiation of chondrocytes in connection with poly ADP
      ribose synthesis].
AB  - Cell differentiation and the behaviour of poly-(ADP-ribose)-synthesis after
      treatment with methoxybenzamide and procaine was examined in chondrocytes of cell
      cultures from albino rats. In this study an increase in cell differentiation was
      connected with a higher level of poly(ADP-ribose)-synthesis. On the basis of an
      increase in poly(ADP-ribose)-synthesis in chondrocytes an improved scheme of
      treatment of some rheumatic diseases could be developed.

PMID- 3877384
TI  - [Effect of perioperative antibiotics on septic complications following emergency
      interventions on the small and large intestine].
AB  - The effect of perioperative antibiotics on septic complications in emergency
      bowel surgery was studied by reviewing the charts of patients. The rate of septic
      complications was essentially reduced in patients, who had received antibiotics
      pre-, intra- or immediately postoperatively compared with patients without any
      antibiotic medication (without antibiotics [n = 25] 6 abdominal wound infections,
      5 lethal anastomotic disruptions, 2 urinary infections; with antibiotics [n = 24]
      0 abdominal wound infections, 2 lethal anastomotic disruptions, 1 urinary and 1
      pulmonary infections). Because of the significant reduction of abdominal wound
      infections which could be achieved in treating patients (X2 = 6,56; p less than
      0,05) with antibiotics, these medicaments should be given in emergency bowel
      surgery with a further prospective controlled study being not necessary.

PMID- 3877385
TI  - [Computer tomography of tumors of the lateral and 3d ventricle].
AB  - In the diagnosis of tumours of the supratentorial ventricles, CT leaves some
      questions unanswered. This is true of the differential-diagnostic demarkation and
      the determination of the initial site of the tumour. Frequently, ventriculography
      cannot be renounced for an additional clearing-up of the last mentioned question.

PMID- 3877386
TI  - [Phenomenon of directional predominance in experimental nystagmus with adequate
      and inadequate stimulation of the vestibular apparatus].

PMID- 3877387
TI  - [Immunocytochemical indices of the measles vaccinal process].
AB  - To study the immune responsiveness of children in the measles vaccinal process,
      the cytochemical methods for the identification of immunocompetent cells have
      been used. The investigations have been made in children aged 1.5-4 years,
      immunized with live measles vaccine prepared from strain l-16. The results of
      these investigations indicate that the development of specific antiviral
      postvaccinal immunity is characterized by transitory changes in the populations
      of T-, B- and O-lymphocytes; such changes are accompanied by not only
      quantitative, but also qualitative changes of individual populations.

PMID- 3877388
TI  - Decreased NAD+ content in human T lymphoblastoid cells treated simultaneously
      with 2'-deoxycoformycin and 2'-deoxyadenosine.

PMID- 3877389
TI  - Stimulatory effect of an aminopeptidase inhibitor on human bone marrow CFU-C
      mediated by the interaction of T-lymphocytes.

PMID- 3877390
TI  - Adult T-cell leukemia. First case reported in Taiwan.

PMID- 3877391
TI  - Demonstration of eosinophil colony-stimulating activity in Sezary cell
      conditioned medium.

PMID- 3877392
TI  - Severe diarrhea and intestinal strongyloidiasis in a patient with adult T-cell
      leukemia.

PMID- 3877393
TI  - Function of thymic reticuloepithelial cells in mice. I. Thymic reticuloepithelial
      cells and T-cell differentiation.

PMID- 3877394
TI  - Pain on i.v. injection of propofol (ICI 35 868) in emulsion formulation. Short
      communication.
AB  - Pain on injection of three anaesthetic induction agents, thiopentone,
      methohexitone and propofol (diisopropyl phenol), administered into a vein on the
      dorsum of the hand or wrist, was studied in 32 premedicated patients undergoing
      elective surgery. The pain was rated as none, mild or severe. A 1% emulsion
      formulation of propofol (ICI 35 868) (2 mg kg-1) and methohexitone (2 mg kg-1)
      induced pain significantly more often, in 100% and 80% of patients, respectively,
      than thiopentone (4 mg kg-1), 0%. The pain was rated as severe more often in
      patients receiving propofol (67%, P less than 0.01 vs thiopentone) than in those
      anaesthetized with methohexitone (20%) or thiopentone (0%). It is concluded that
      the fat emulsion form of propofol, when injected into a peripheral vein,
      frequently induces severe pain.

PMID- 3877395
TI  - Factors contributing to variability of caloric test scores.
AB  - Data were analyzed from 30 healthy male subjects, examined on three successive
      days with caloric, rotatory, optokinetic, gait and posture tests. Data were also
      analyzed from 11 additional test sessions performed on 10 of these subjects. A
      short-acting caloric test was used and nystagmus intensity was measured by means
      of an interactive computerized technique. Large inter-individual differences were
      noted for all test results and these differences remained consistent as tests
      were repeated. Factors which may contribute to inter- and intra-subject
      variability of caloric test scores are identified and discussed.

PMID- 3877396
TI  - Development of the vestibulo-ocular reflex from infancy to adulthood.
AB  - The time constants and gains of the vestibulo-ocular reflex were computed from
      the primary nystagmus evoked by constant angular acceleration in 79 normal
      infants and children, ranging in age from 2 months to 11 years old, and 10 normal
      adults. There were significant changes in both time constant and gain in respect
      to development. The time constants increased while the gains decreased as a
      function of the logarithm of age. The time constants of the youngest infants were
      close to the cupular time constant. The lengthening of the time constant with
      increasing age was discussed in respect to maturation of inhibitory brainstem
      reticular formation mechanisms.

PMID- 3877397
TI  - Postoperative vestibular dysfunction following head and neck surgery.
AB  - Patients scheduled for major oncologic head and neck surgery underwent
      preoperative audiometry and rotational testing for vestibulo-ocular response
      (VOR). Patients with normal preoperative VOR and SRT less than 45 dB were
      subsequently retested following surgery for VOR. Patients deemed abnormal on
      postoperative rotational testing were retested until VOR returned to normal or
      one year, whichever came first. Eighty patients had normal VOR measured
      preoperatively. At the first postoperative testing 46 of these patients (58%)
      were determined to have significant VOR abnormalities. No differences in length
      of anesthesia, use of hypnotic or narcotic drugs, hepatic and renal
      abnormalities, and dehydration were noted in the patients who developed abnormal
      VOR, when compared to the patients who maintained normal VOR. One year post
      surgery twenty patients (43%) continued to demonstrate vestibular abnormality.
      The observation that major surgery reduces vestibular response has important
      monitoring and treatment implications. The integration of this data with the
      results of endolymphatic surgery are discussed.

PMID- 3877398
TI  - Developmental morphology of the mouse inner ear. A scanning electron microscopic
      observation.
AB  - The developing inner ears of mice (CBA/CBA), ages ranging from gestational day 12
      through postnatal day 21, were examined using scanning electron microscopy
      following the epoxy-embedding/freeze-fracture technique. This technique provides
      unique three-dimensional views of surface and fractured structures of the
      developing inner ear, thus allowing excellent preservation of the relationships
      between the developing sensory epithelium and the overlying membranes (i.e. the
      tectorial membrane and cupula) during their development. The tectorial membrane
      is formed of two distinct parts: the major (medial) and the minor (distal). The
      major portion is produced by the cells of the greater epithelial ridge prior to
      the formation of the minor part, which is produced largely by the primordial
      supporting cells of the lesser epithelial ridge. The developing tectorial
      membrane has two types of fibers: radial (found mainly in the major part) and
      slanted (found mainly in the minor part). The slanted fibers become the cover
      net, which fuses with the marginal band. The marginal zone of the developing
      tectorial membrane is completely sealed during development by the third row of
      Deiters' cells. The surfaces of cells that produce the tectorial membrane are
      characterized by numerous long microvilli which are largely lost when the
      tectorial membrane completely forms and separates from the supporting cells. The
      surface of developing auditory sensory cells is initially covered with numerous
      microvilli, some of which become future stereocilia. Stereocilia form stepped
      rows in the shape of a "W", with the tallest row located at the periphery of the
      cell. As the sensory cell matures, the short transitional stereocilia gradually
      disappear. Kinocilia on hair cells are still seen in the 14-day-old mouse (even
      though the organ of Corti is morphologically mature) but not in the 21-day-old
      mouse, indicating that complete maturation of the sensory cells in all turns is
      attained by 21 days of age. The mouse has upper radial tunnel fibers and basal
      tunnel fibers. Neural contacts of the upper radial tunnel fibers with the outer
      hair cells at the apical portions are frequent in the developing organ of Corti.
      The external sulcus cells undergo drastic changes during development, forming
      numerous pits that are often covered with mucus-like droplets or grape-like
      spherical structures of varying sizes. This phenomenon was observed only during
      postnatal days 6 and 14. The developing cupula starts as a thin amorphous
      membrane, which later becomes compact and fibrotic-like as the mass increases. By
      the 6th postnatal day well-developed cupular canals occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3877399
TI  - Human auditory and vestibular pathology. The European Concerted Action Project.
      Proceedings of a workshop held in Milan on 4th-5th June 1984.

PMID- 3877400
TI  - Early development of vestibular receptors in human embryos. An electron
      microscopic study.
AB  - The development of the vestibular receptors in 7 to 9-week-old human embryos was
      investigated by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The greater
      part of the vestibular epithelium is undifferentiated in the 7-week-old embryo.
      It is composed of polystratified epithelial cells. Some afferent endings are
      found at the base of the epithelial cells but no synaptic specializations are
      detected. A few afferent endings reach the upper part of the epithelium. Thus, at
      this stage the fibers are present in the vestibular epithelium before the
      differentiation of the sensory cells. The apical pole of the epithelial cells
      presents basal bodies linked with striated rootlets and other typical vestibular
      epithelium cell structures. Short hair bundles are found in a very small part of
      the vestibular epithelium. At 8-9 weeks of gestation, numerous nerve endings
      surround the base of the sensory cells. Densifications of the pre- and
      postsynaptic membranes and synaptic bodies are seen. The newly afferented cells
      present polarized hair bundles. We suspect that the hair cells are important for
      the guidance of afferent terminals perhaps even before their morphological
      differentiation.

PMID- 3877401
TI  - [Behavior of the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex in the course of nomifensine test.
      Preliminary findings in normal and headache patients].

PMID- 3877402
TI  - [Critical review of Meniere's disease (round table)].

PMID- 3877403
TI  - Autoradiography of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): uptake in
      the monoaminergic pathways and in melanin containing tissues.
AB  - A recently discovered neurotoxic compound, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridine, has been found to cause a parkinsonian-like syndrome in man
      and monkey, but not in laboratory animals such as rat, mouse and guinea pig. MPTP
      seems to selectively destroy the melanin containing dopaminergic cells in pars
      compacta of substantia nigra. Lower mammalian species do not have melanin in
      these cells, which indicates that the presence of neuromelanin may be of
      importance for the development of MPTP-induced lesions. By means of whole-body
      autoradiography of 3H-MPTP in mice, accumulation and retention was observed in
      the dopaminergic pathways, in locus caeruleus and in structures in the medulla
      oblongata and spinal cord. A high uptake was also seen in melanin-containing
      tissues such as in the eyes of pigmented mice. MPTP has earlier been found to
      have high affinity in vitro for dopamine melanin, which is similar to the pigment
      in substantia nigra. The typical features of the MPTP-induced neurotoxicity with
      destruction of pigmented nerve cells and development of parkinsonism may be to to
      accumulation and retention of MPTP and its metabolites in these cells. In species
      with pigmented nerve cells, such as man and monkey, the accumulation may be much
      more pronounced because of the melanin affinity of MPTP and its metabolites.

PMID- 3877404
TI  - T-lymphocyte subpopulations in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3877405
TI  - [Lyt-2+3+ subset of T lymphocyte protects ocular herpes simplex type 1
      infection].

PMID- 3877406
TI  - [Surface marker studies of cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes in Vogt-Koyanagi
      Harada diseases].

PMID- 3877407
TI  - [Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in murine ocular surface epithelium and
      effects of the topical application of OK-432 and interleukin-2].

PMID- 3877408
TI  - Basic research as an investment in the future.

PMID- 3877410
TI  - Medical radiation protection: a long view.

PMID- 3877409
TI  - Technological seduction: diagnostic imaging technology facing new demands.

PMID- 3877411
TI  - Radiology in the medical swirl.

PMID- 3877412
TI  - Radiology and the marketplace.

PMID- 3877413
TI  - How to cope with the doctor glut in the United States.

PMID- 3877414
TI  - CT of the sella turcica after transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenomas.
AB  - A retrospective review of 120 patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery for
      pituitary adenomas revealed that computed tomography (CT) was less sensitive and
      less specific than hormonal methods in identifying residual functioning adenomas.
      However, CT was the only useful method of evaluating nonfunctioning tumors,
      including pseudo-prolactinomas. Enlargement of the pituitary stalk, when seen on
      preoperative CT, was 100% predictive of "cure" if the enlargement returned to
      normal size on a remote follow-up scan (n = 8) and was 100% predictive of
      residual tumor if the enlargement persisted or evolved (n = 8). Resolution of
      stalk displacement was the next most reliable predictor of cure (91%, n = 11),
      but persistent displacement was less reliable than abnormal intrasellar
      enhancement in predicting the presence of residual tumor (71%, n = 28, vs. 81%, n
      = 26). Enhancement in the postoperative sella by other than normal pituitary
      gland was presumed to be due to inflammation in 19% of patients. Inflammatory
      enhancement was observed in the presence of autograft and homograft muscle plugs
      and, unlike enhancement due to untreated tumors, was observed to decrease in size
      and intensity with time. Intrasellar enhancement was an unreliable criterion of
      success or failure in cases of microadenoma. All 14 patients with functioning
      adenomas and preoperative parasellar tumor extension had persistent tumor at
      postoperative evaluation. Of the 47 patients with resected functioning adenomas
      who had CT scans showing empty or partly empty sellas after operation, 22 (47%)
      had hormonally detectable residual tumor.

PMID- 3877415
TI  - Orbital apex: correlative anatomic and CT study.
AB  - A detailed analysis of the coronal anatomic and CT appearances of the orbital
      apex is presented. In cadavers, coronal CT 9800 scans of the orbital apex and
      precisely corresponding cryomicrotomic sections were obtained. The CT appearance
      of the optic nerve, anulus of Zinn, and cranial nerves III-VI at the superior
      orbital fissure and orbital apex were determined. These anatomic structures were
      also demonstrated in clinical CT studies. Practical applications of the anatomic
      landmarks in evaluating orbital apex tumors are illustrated.

PMID- 3877416
TI  - CT of the inferomedial orbit and the lacrimal drainage apparatus: normal and
      pathologic anatomy.
AB  - The normal and pathologic CT anatomy of the lacrimal drainage apparatus was
      examined during study of the orbits, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses in 100
      patients with a variety of clinical complaints related to the inferomedial orbit.
      The bony lacrimal fossa, the nasolacrimal canal, and the fluid- or air-filled
      lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct were readily recognized in all cases. The
      lacrimal fossa and sac are found at the inferomedial orbit and are preseptal
      structures. Cystic expansion of the lacrimal sac (dacryocystitis) may mimic
      orbital abscess clinically; however, the radiographic recognition of a cystic,
      peripherally enhancing mass centered at the lacrimal fossa should exclude
      postseptal abscess and permit more conservative therapy. Obstruction or invasion
      of the drainage apparatus by tumor, infection, or posttraumatic scarring is
      readily depicted by CT. Sagittal/coronal images reformatted from thin transverse
      axial sections are often useful in defining the origin of an inferomedial orbital
      mass and its relation to the lacrimal sac when clinical studies and axial CT
      findings are equivocal.

PMID- 3877417
TI  - Lung scan perfusion defects limited to matching pleural effusions: low
      probability of pulmonary embolism.
AB  - Patients with a new pleural effusion are often sent for a ventilation-perfusion
      scan to exclude a pulmonary embolism. This retrospective study assessed the
      probability of pulmonary embolism when a pleural effusion and a perfusion defect
      of similar size are the only significant imaging abnormalities. In 451 reports of
      patients who were scanned for suspected pulmonary embolism, 53 had perfusion
      defects secondary to pleural effusion without other significant perfusion
      defects. Using pulmonary angiography, venography, analysis of pleural fluid,
      clinical course, and other radiographic and laboratory studies to establish the
      final diagnosis, only two patients had documented venous thrombotic disease: one
      had pulmonary emboli, the other thrombophlebitis. Lung scans having significant
      perfusion defects limited to pleural effusions and matching them in size have a
      low probability for pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 3877418
TI  - Defective closure of the laryngeal vestibule: frequency of pulmonary
      complications.
AB  - Aspiration and its potential complications, bronchopneumonia and other pulmonary
      diseases, were studied in 67 fully conscious and mobile patients with
      cineradiographically verified dysfunction of swallowing. They were compared to a
      group of 67 patients of similar age with normal swallowing. Bronchopneumonia was
      found in nine (13%) of the patients with aspiration compared to two (3%) of the
      patients without (p = 0.05). Chronic pulmonary disease was more frequently
      observed in patients with aspiration than in those without, seven (10%) and one
      (1.5%), respectively (p = 0.03). Even though pulmonary complications of defective
      closure of the laryngeal vestibule are not frequent, swallowing training for
      fully conscious and relatively mobile patients would seem desirable.

PMID- 3877419
TI  - Mediastinal position and air-fluid height after pneumonectomy: the effect of the
      respiratory cycle.
AB  - After pneumonectomy, a shift of the mediastinum toward the nonoperated side may
      be the initial indicator of a postoperative problem such as empyema,
      bronchopleural fistula, esophageal-pleural fistula, hemothorax, or recurrent
      tumor. Postoperatively, a drop in the fluid level on the operated side may
      indicate a bronchopleural fistula or other fistulous connection. To assess the
      effect of the respiratory cycle on these two signs, 16 patients were studied with
      inspiration-expiration films. In every case the mediastinum shifted toward the
      normal side in expiration, and in no case did a fluid level change position by
      more than 5 mm with respiratory maneuvers. Therefore, the respiratory phase must
      be considered when assessing the significance of mediastinal shift after
      pneumonectomy.

PMID- 3877420
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the heart using image planes oriented to cardiac
      axes: experience with 100 cases.
AB  - Electrocardiographically gated magnetic resonance images were acquired in 100
      patients with a variety of cardiac diagnoses in planes oriented to intrinsic axes
      of the heart and aorta. The technique used combines patient positioning and
      alteration of magnetic gradient angle. Images in these planes appear to have
      advantages over conventional orthogonal images, both for display of
      cardiovascular anatomy and for evaluation of cardiac size and function.

PMID- 3877421
TI  - The clinical impact of CT for blunt abdominal trauma.
AB  - The use of computed tomography (CT) has had a tremendous impact on the evaluation
      and management of blunt abdominal trauma. It is noninvasive, easy to perform, and
      has been shown to be highly sensitive (100%), specific (96.8%), and accurate
      (97.6%). The use of CT has helped decrease the total number of laparotomies
      performed for abdominal trauma at this institution (231 in 1975-1976, 74 in 1983)
      as well as the number of negative and nontherapeutic laparotomies. The use of
      other diagnostic tests such as radionuclide scans and angiography in blunt
      abdominal trauma has been virtually replaced by CT. Of the 41 peritoneal lavages
      performed in 1983, 39 were in patients who were in the operating room for
      treatment of other extraabdominal injuries (i.e., closed head injury, severe
      extremity trauma).

PMID- 3877422
TI  - Liver-spleen scintigraphy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - The liver-spleen scintigrams of eight patients with the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome (AIDS) were reviewed to characterize the abnormal findings and to assess
      the diagnostic utility of scintigraphy in evaluating these patients for hepatic
      and splenic disease. Hepatosplenomegaly was present on the scintigrams of six
      patients. Additional findings included a solitary hepatic defect in a patient
      with Kaposi sarcoma and liver metastasis, multiple hepatic defects in a patient
      with multiple hemangiomas, decreased splenic activity in a patient with lymphoma,
      and markedly diminished splenic activity in a patient with thrombocytopenic
      purpura. Hepatosplenomegaly is the most common abnormal scintigraphic finding in
      AIDS patients. However, the presence of other hepatic or splenic parenchymal
      scintigraphic abnormalities suggests an underlying secondary pathologic process.
      Liver-spleen scintigraphy can be a reliable and valid adjunct to the diagnosis of
      occult hepatic or splenic disease in AIDS patients.

PMID- 3877423
TI  - Hepatobiliary scintigraphy of the compartmentalized gallbladder.

PMID- 3877424
TI  - Positive predictive value and examiner variability in diagnosing duodenal ulcer.
AB  - The positive predictive value of a diagnosis of duodenal ulcer was studied in 255
      patients with 274 ulcers diagnosed radiographically. Retrospective analysis of
      the radiographic examinations and correlation with endoscopy assessed examiner
      variability, ulcer size, duodenal bulb deformity, and the confidence level of the
      ulcer diagnoses. For all diagnoses, the overall positive predictive value was 57%
      with individual predictive values of 47%, 54%, and 70% among three examiners. The
      individual predictive values correlated directly with the average level of
      confidence of the diagnoses for each examiner. The sensitivity of the individual
      examiner for ulcer detection had an inverse relation to the examiner's positive
      predictive value, confirming that higher sensitivities are achieved at the
      expense of an increased false-positive rate.

PMID- 3877425
TI  - The radiologic evaluation of gross cecal distension: emphasis on cecal ileus.
AB  - A retrospective review of plain abdominal radiographs in 46 patients with gross
      cecal distension (greater than 10 cm) was performed. In 25 (54%) of 46 patients,
      the cecum was dilated out of proportion to the rest of the colon and was rotated
      anteromedially. The term cecal ileus is used to describe this situation. Five
      (20%) of 25 patients with cecal ileus developed perforation. Four of these
      patients died as a result of the perforation. The risk of perforation was related
      more to duration of cecal distension than to absolute cecal size. Aggressive
      decompressive measures, including consideration of cecostomy, appear warranted in
      patients with gross cecal distension, especially when it is dilated out of
      proportion to the rest of the colon and has persisted for several days.

PMID- 3877426
TI  - Diffuse nodularity in esophageal lymphoma.

PMID- 3877427
TI  - Computed tomography of internally calcified renal cysts.
AB  - Three benign renal cysts containing nonperipheral calcifications on CT are
      presented. Renal cyst puncture and cytologic examination of the aspirate
      confirmed their benign nature. Calcification, either peripheral or within the
      mass, may occur in benign or malignant cystic lesions of the kidney. The
      demonstration of calcification is a definite indication for cyst puncture to
      avoid unnecessary surgery or overlooking a possible malignancy.

PMID- 3877428
TI  - CT evaluation of the pelvis after hemipelvectomy.
AB  - From examination of 69 pelvic CT scans from 25 patients, the role of CT after
      hemipelvectomy is examined. A brief description of the various types of
      hemipelvectomy, including simple, extended, compound, and modified, is presented.
      The new variants of internal and modified internal hemipelvectomy are also
      included. The normal post-surgical changes in the musculoskeletal structures and
      pelvic viscera are described and illustrated. Postoperative abnormalities
      detected included hematoma, inflammatory changes, incisional hernia, ureteral
      obstruction, adenopathy, and local recurrence. An example of the usefulness of CT
      in CT-guided biopsy and CT-guided thermocouple placement is provided. CT of the
      pelvis is advocated as the method of choice to follow these patients, because of
      its ability to detect postoperative recurrence and complications.

PMID- 3877429
TI  - Indications for angiography in extremity trauma.
AB  - The angiograms of 119 extremities of patients with gunshot wounds (65),
      lacerating injuries (17), and blunt trauma (29) were retrospectively evaluated
      and correlated with clinical history. Indications for angiography were decreased
      or absent pulse or blood pressure, cold limb, bruit or murmur, uncontrolled
      bleeding or increasing hematoma, neurologic deficit, and proximity of the injury
      to vascular structures. Angiographic findings were compared with preprocedure
      clinical assessment. Angiograms performed only because of proximity of the
      wound/injury to major vessels showed no major arterial injuries. However,
      angiograms performed for one or more of the other indications demonstrated
      significant vascular abnormalities in 44% of gunshot wounds, 80% of knife
      injuries, and 67% of blunt trauma. Of the indications for arteriography, pulse
      abnormalities or cold limbs were most often associated with significant
      angiographic findings, positive studies occurring in 74% of cases. Despite the
      differences in mechanism of injury, physical examination is sensitive and
      effective in predicting which patients will have negative angiographic studies
      after each of the three forms of trauma.

PMID- 3877430
TI  - Acute renal dysfunction after major arteriography.
AB  - The incidence of acute renal dysfunction (ARD) after major arteriography was
      evaluated by assessment of the change in serum creatinine in 364 patients
      undergoing arteriography. Major arteriography was defined as abdominal
      aortography, abdominal aortography with lower-extremity runoff, aortic arch
      studies, or aortic arch plus selective carotid angiography. The influence of the
      volume of contrast material received, hydration, and associated risk factors was
      evaluated. In the entire group, the frequency of postarteriographic ARD was 7.1%.
      Although most patients recovered, 1.4% required renal dialysis. The frequency of
      renal dysfunction was significantly higher in patients with preexisting renal
      disease (14.8%), and 3.7% of these patients went on to require dialysis. In the
      total group and in those with normal renal function prearteriographically, the
      frequency of ARD was found to be related to the volume of iodinated contrast
      material received. Hydration before, during, and after angiography did not
      prevent this complication. Several risk factors, namely preexisting renal
      disease, advanced age, volume of contrast material used, type of study performed,
      diabetes mellitus, and coexistent heart disease were found to be associated with
      a statistically significant increased risk of postangiographic ARD.

PMID- 3877431
TI  - Descending phlebography in the assessment of long saphenous vein incompetence.
AB  - Fifty-eight legs were investigated by descending phlebography using a standard
      Valsalva maneuver in 38 patients with varicose veins who were suspected of having
      primary long saphenous vein incompetence on the basis of clinical examinations,
      tourniquet tests, and Doppler sonography. In 21 (36%) of 58 legs the clinical
      diagnosis was confirmed; in the rest, there was no evidence of long saphenous
      vein incompetence. Descending phlebography using a standard Valsalva maneuver is
      a reliable method of demonstrating long saphenous vein incompetence and should be
      performed before surgical treatment in all patients in whom there is clinical
      doubt about the presence or absence of this condition.

PMID- 3877432
TI  - Percutaneous transabdominal embolization of an iliac artery aneurysm.

PMID- 3877433
TI  - Radiation dose to personnel during percutaneous renal calculus removal.
AB  - Radiation dose to the radiologist and other personnel was measured during 102
      procedures for percutaneous removal of renal calculi from the upper collecting
      system. A mobile C-arm image intensifier was used to guide entrance to the kidney
      and stone removal. Average fluoroscopy time was 25 min. Exposure to personnel was
      monitored by quartz-fiber dosimeters at the collar level above the lead apron.
      Average radiation dose to the radiologist was 10 mrem (0.10 mSv) per case; to the
      surgical nurse, 4 mrem (0.04 mSv) per case; to the radiologic technologist, 4
      mrem (0.04 mSv) per case; and to the anesthesiologist, 3 mrem (0.03 mSv) per
      case. Radiation dose to the uroradiologic team during percutaneous
      nephrostolithotomy is similar to that from other interventional fluoroscopic
      procedures and is within acceptable limits for both physicians and assisting
      personnel.

PMID- 3877434
TI  - Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy: application to staghorn calculi.
AB  - Twenty-five renal staghorn stones measuring at least 5 cm in diameter were
      removed percutaneously from 24 patients. Twelve patients required multiple access
      tracts for complete stone removal. Estimated blood loss more than 1000 ml
      occurred in 16 patients and temperature greater than 38.5 degrees C in 19
      patients. All stones were successfully removed, with only two patients having
      definite residual fragments. Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy may be successfully
      applied to large staghorn stones. The relative roles of percutaneous therapy and
      extracorporeal lithotripsy remain to be determined.

PMID- 3877435
TI  - Simplified method of introducing double-J stent catheters using a coaxial sheath
      system.

PMID- 3877436
TI  - A dilating introducer-sheath for the antegrade insertion of ureteral stents.

PMID- 3877437
TI  - Technique for rethreading loop drainage catheters.

PMID- 3877438
TI  - Expandable biliary endoprosthesis: an experimental study.
AB  - Expandable stents constructed of stainless-steel wire were inserted in the
      extrahepatic bile ducts of five animals to determine the effect of the
      endoprosthesis on the ductal wall. The stents were left in place 4-23 weeks, at
      which time the bile ducts were inspected. The bile ducts remained patent in all
      animals. Relatively mild reactive inflammatory changes observed in the wall of
      the bile ducts were more pronounced in animals with stents in place for the
      longest periods. A relatively small-caliber catheter (9 French) was necessary for
      the introduction of the stent, which acquired a much larger diameter once it was
      released from the catheter. This study suggests that expandable wire stents could
      be safely used to relieve biliary obstruction.

PMID- 3877439
TI  - Computed tomography in stage III neuroblastoma.
AB  - This multicenter study was designed to determine if CT can assess operability in
      stage III neuroblastoma. Nineteen children (11 boys, eight girls), aged 2-51
      months, considered to have, by conventional clinical and radiographic
      examinations, localized neuroblastoma that crossed the midline were examined by
      CT. After intravenous and oral contrast media enhancements, CT was able to show
      the relation of the tumor to the adjacent vital vessels: aorta, celiac axis, and
      superior mesenteric artery. In all 15 patients, tumors that encased the aorta or
      its major branches were unresectable. However, three of four tumors crossing the
      midline but not coming into contact with the aorta or adherent only to one side
      of the vessel could be resected. Because surgery currently plays the major role
      in the treatment of neuroblastoma, the relation of the tumor to the aorta and
      great vessels is a more reliable and important factor in predicting the outcome
      of these children than the extension and location of the tumor with reference to
      the midline. CT after intravenous contrast enhancement can establish this
      relation and assess resectability.

PMID- 3877440
TI  - Tall vertebrae at birth: a radiographic finding in flaccid infants.
AB  - It has been well documented that children with severe neuromuscular disorders
      have tall vertebrae, presumably a consequence of altered mechanical forces. This
      finding was present in four neonates who were born with severe "floppy" hypotonia
      due to Werdnig-Hoffmann disease (two cases), nonspecific neonatal myopathy, and
      congenital muscular dystrophy. Fetal vertebral development is normally modified
      by intrauterine muscle tension and fetal activity.

PMID- 3877441
TI  - Normal pituitary stalk size in children: CT study.
AB  - A retrospective study was undertaken of 1005 normal contrast-enhanced head
      computed tomographic (CT) scans in children to determine normal standards for
      pituitary stalk diameter, basilar artery diameter, and their ratio for age and
      gender. The pituitary stalk enlarges with age, and girls have larger stalks than
      do boys after age 8. The pituitary stalk-to-basilar artery ratio is easily
      estimated visually. Ratios greater than or equal to 1 are unusual in normal
      children. A ratio greater than or equal to 1 should prompt direct measurement of
      the stalk and comparison with age-matched normal values. If the stalk measurement
      is greater than 2 SD above the age-matched mean, it is presumably abnormal and
      deserves further evaluation for numerous possible pathologic conditions including
      histiocytosis X, pituitary adenoma, hypothalamic lesions, Rathke cleft cysts,
      metastases, sarcoidosis, hypothyroidism, and infection.

PMID- 3877442
TI  - Splenic flexure volvulus: a complication of pseudoobstruction in infancy.

PMID- 3877443
TI  - Measurement and prediction of diagnostic performance during radiology training.
AB  - Faculty evaluations of residents' diagnostic performance in radiology
      subspecialty rotations were examined in two studies in order to ascertain whether
      the relative capabilities of residents change during training and to predict
      residents' diagnostic performance using a three-dimensional form perception test.
      In the first study, numeric ratings by faculty members were averaged to provide
      interpretive/diagnostic scores for each of 16 residents in each of 5 consecutive
      half-years. Sixty-seven percent of the relative differences among residents'
      diagnostic proficiencies persisted during training. The magnitude of these
      unchanging differences between individuals in diagnostic performance strongly
      favors resident selection based upon diagnostic potential. An additional 22% of
      the relative differences correlated with an abrupt change in the rank order of
      residents in diagnostic performance at the beginning of the second year of
      residency. This rearrangement of ranks may have resulted from an abrupt change in
      the tasks and expectations assigned to residents. In the second study,
      correlations between scores on a recently described Form Test and monthly faculty
      ratings of diagnostic performance were computed. An average diagnostic
      performance score for each resident was generated for all rotations combined,
      each of eleven subspecialties, and all rotations completed within a given half
      year. Scores on the Form Test correlated well with these combined diagnostic
      scores, further substantiating results reported previously. Form Test scores were
      highly correlated with subspecialty diagnostic performance scores in
      subspecialties using cross-sectional imaging methods, such as neuroradiology.
      Although Form Test scores were poorly correlated with half-year diagnostic
      performance during the first year, they were highly correlated with performance
      beginning in the second year.

PMID- 3877444
TI  - Redistribution of pulmonary blood flow.

PMID- 3877445
TI  - Mammographic parenchymal patterns and estrogen receptors in breast cancer.

PMID- 3877446
TI  - Evaluation of Rotex needle.

PMID- 3877447
TI  - Incidence and clinical significance of accelerated junctional rhythm following
      open heart surgery.
AB  - Accelerated junctional rhythm following open heart surgery may lead to
      hemodynamic impairment due to loss of synchronized atrial contraction. Therefore,
      in this study we evaluated the frequency, duration, and hemodynamic effects of
      accelerated junctional rhythm in 30 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass
      (CAB) and in 30 undergoing valve replacement (VR). Accelerated junctional rhythm
      was defined as a rate greater than 55 bpm. Patients were continuously monitored
      postoperatively and rhythm strips obtained at least every 4 hours. Ten VR
      patients (33%) and four CAB patients (13%) exhibited accelerated junctional
      rhythm, the difference between these groups being significant (p less than 0.02).
      Nine of the 14 were hemodynamically compromised requiring inotropic support (9)
      and/or pacemaker insertion (2). The time of appearance of accelerated junctional
      rhythm ranged from immediate to 6 days (mean 26 +/- 52 hours, SD) and it lasted a
      mean of 16 +/- 22 hours. The rate ranged from 62 to 150 bpm. The sinus rate prior
      to the onset of accelerated junctional rhythm was significantly lower than the
      sinus rate in those not developing accelerated junctional rhythm. In conclusion,
      accelerated junctional rhythm is seen frequently following open heart surgery and
      may lead to hemodynamic deterioration. It is seen more frequently following VR,
      in approximately 33% of patients. Its manifestation appears to result from a
      combination of acceleration of junctional focus and slowing of sinus node
      discharge.

PMID- 3877448
TI  - Determination of left ventricular mass using single-photon emission computed
      tomography.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
      could actually determine left ventricular LV mass in humans, SPECT measurements
      of LV mass were compared with LV mass determined by cineangiography in 12
      patients with normal coronary arteries and LV function. Repeat SPECT
      determinations of LV mass were carried out in 5 patients. Projection images of
      the left ventricle were acquired after intravenous injection of thallium-201 (TI
      201) using a rotating gamma camera. Transverse sections were reconstructed by
      filtered backprojection. The boundary of LV uptake of TI-201 in each transverse
      section was defined using a 3-dimensional threshold detector. Scintigraphic LV
      mass (total number of voxels demonstrating LV TI-201 uptake X voxel volume X
      specific gravity of myocardium) was compared with angiographic LV mass. There was
      good correlation between LV mass determined by SPECT and that determined by
      cineangiography. Mean angiographic LV mass was 208 +/- 45 g (+/- standard
      deviation). Mean SPECT LV mass was 204 +/- 42 g. Linear regression analysis
      revealed the following relation: SPECT LV mass = 0.76 X angiographic LV mass +
      46.1 (r = 0.82, root-mean-square deviation from regression = 24.7). The SPECT
      values of LV mass varied an average of 10.4 +/- 4.6% (+/- standard deviation) in
      the 5 patients in whom 2 determinations were made. Thus, SPECT of TI-201 can
      accurately measure LV mass in humans.

PMID- 3877449
TI  - Measurement of left ventricular volume using single-photon emission computed
      tomography.
AB  - A count-based method for measuring left ventricular (LV) volume using technetium
      99m-labeled red cells and ungated single-photon emission computed tomography is
      described. The tomographic slices were used to determine the counts per
      milliliter in the center of the left ventricle and total LV counts, which were
      used to derive mean LV volume. End-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were
      calculated from the mean volume using the LV time-activity curve from planar
      gated blood pool images. Phantom evaluation with simulated LV volumes (50 to 400
      ml) in air, in a phantom filled with water, with 10% background, and with a
      simulated right ventricle, showed excellent accuracy. For clinical validation, 30
      patients underwent electrocardiographically gated planar and nongated tomographic
      acquisition of the cardiac blood pool followed by single-plane cineangiography.
      For end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes combined, the correlation with
      cineangiography showed a standard error of the estimate (SEE) of 24 ml and 14 ml,
      respectively. Mean intra- and interobserver deviation was 12 ml and 14 ml (SEE 13
      ml and 16 ml), respectively. It is concluded that this noninvasive count-based
      technique, requiring no assumptions regarding LV geometry, is an accurate and
      reproducible way to measure LV volume.

PMID- 3877450
TI  - Surgical treatment of medically refractory variant angina pectoris: segmental
      coronary resection with aortocoronary bypass and plexectomy.

PMID- 3877452
TI  - Reliability of cefaclor, cefazolin, cefamandole, and cephalothin disks to predict
      susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus species, and Haemophilus
      influenzae.
AB  - Interpretive zone-size standards currently used for cephalothin and cefamandole
      disk tests also may be applied to tests with disks containing 30 micrograms of
      cefaclor or cefazolin. Against 627 representative isolates, susceptibility to
      cefaclor and cefazolin could be predicted by testing cephalothin. However,
      cefazolin is more active than cephalothin against isolates of Escherichia coli
      with a TEM beta-lactamase plasmid. The expanded spectrum of cefamandole continues
      to necessitate separate testing. Against methicillin-resistant staphylococci,
      cefaclor disks were more reliable than cephalothin or cefamandole, but false
      susceptible results were seen with all four disks. For testing Haemophilus
      influenzae, the cefazolin disks were not reliable; cephalothin or cefaclor disks
      could predict susceptibility to either drug.

PMID- 3877451
TI  - The relationship between diet and bone mineral content of multiple skeletal sites
      in elderly Japanese-American men and women living in Hawaii.
AB  - The relationship of dietary intake of nutrients assessed by 24-h recalls and
      supplementary intake of selected minerals and vitamins to the bone mineral
      content (BMC) of the radius, ulna, and os calcis measured by the photon
      absorption technique was cross-sectionally studied in a sample of elderly
      Japanese residents (1208 men and 912 women) in Hawaii. Dietary intakes of milk,
      calcium, and vitamin D were significantly and positively associated with BMC in
      both sexes after adjusting for age, weight, height, strenuous exercise (men),
      history of nonviolent fracture, thiazide use, and estrogen use (women). However,
      independent contributions of milk or nutrients to BMC were only modest as
      compared with those of major confounders. No consistent result was obtained
      concerning the effects of supplementary minerals and vitamins upon BMC.

PMID- 3877453
TI  - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia in young adults.
AB  - The occurrence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), B-cell type, is thought to
      be distinctly uncommon in patients younger than 40 years of age. Previous case
      reports of CLL in young adults and children were published before the widespread
      use of immunologic surface markers in the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative
      disorders. The authors report four patients with B-cell CLL, all diagnosed with
      the aid of immunologic markers. The patients were 30 years of age or younger at
      the time of diagnosis. Their subsequent course has been similar to B-cell CLL in
      the older age group: one is alive without progression of disease 30 months after
      diagnosis; one has shown progression of the disease but is alive, after
      chemotherapy, 36 months after diagnosis; while the other two had continued
      progression of disease and died, one at six and a half years and the other at 14
      months, after diagnosis. The occurrence of B-cell CLL in young adults and its
      potential implications are discussed.

PMID- 3877454
TI  - Multilobated lymphoma of T-cell type. Is it a malignant lymphoma with a uniformly
      favorable outcome?

PMID- 3877455
TI  - Fatal respiratory syncytial virus infection in severe combined immunodeficiency
      syndrome.
AB  - We encountered two cases of fatal respiratory syncytial virus infection in
      infants. Both patients had severe anatomic abnormalities in the thymus, probably
      due to severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3877456
TI  - Cefuroxime therapy for bacteremic soft-tissue infections in children.
AB  - Although it is used extensively in Europe, there is a limited amount of published
      data concerning pediatric clinical experience with cefuroxime in the United
      States. Thirty-six children, ranging from 3.5 to 57 months of age, received
      intravenous cefuroxime (75 mg/kg/day in three divided doses) for soft-tissue
      infections of the face or epiglottis. Infections treated included preseptal (19
      patients) and buccal (13 patients) cellulitis and epiglottitis (four patients).
      Blood cultures were positive in 22 patients, yielding Haemophilus influenzae type
      b in 17 (four were beta-lactamase-positive), Streptococcus pneumoniae in four;
      and beta-lactamase-positive, nontypable H influenzae in one. An additional five
      patients with buccal cellulitis had negative blood cultures but H influenzae type
      b antigenuria. A satisfactory clinical response was noted in all patients, and
      repeated blood cultures performed in initially bacteremic patients were sterile.
      Cefuroxime therapy was well tolerated, and abnormal laboratory results were
      infrequent, except for absolute granulocytopenia (granulocytes, less than
      1,500/cu mm), which occurred in six patients but could not be ascribed to a drug
      effect because of the uncontrolled design of our study. Treatment with cefuroxime
      appears to be a safe and effective therapy for pediatric soft-tissue infections
      due to H influenzae and S pneumoniae.

PMID- 3877457
TI  - Immune responses to hepatitis B virus and tuberculosis infections in Southeast
      Asian refugees.
AB  - Both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and hepatitis B virus infections are common in
      the Philadelphia Southeast Asian refugee population. Among 224 hepatitis B
      carriers identified between January 1, 1982 and March 31, 1984, there was a
      statistically significant association between a negative tuberculin skin test
      (purified protein derivative (PPD)) and viral replication (hepatitis B e antigen
      positivity (HBeAg)). This finding suggests that bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG)
      vaccination might reduce the prevalence of infectious carriers, thereby
      ultimately reducing the incidence of hepatitis B infection.

PMID- 3877459
TI  - Granulopoiesis in patients with congenital neutropenia.
AB  - Granulopoiesis was investigated in five patients with congenital neutropenia (CN)
      (one Kostmann type, four benign forms). In semisolid agar culture, the marrow
      cells of all five patients produced normal numbers of CFU-c (colony-forming unit
      culture). The size and classification of colonies were normal. In suspension
      culture in vitro with exogenous colony-stimulating factor (CSF) generated from
      omental-conditioned medium (OMCM), the myeloid precursors of all patients could
      proliferate and differentiate into normal polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs).
      But in the absence of exogenous CSF, myeloid precursors of the patient with
      Kostmann-type CN did not proliferate or differentiate into PMNs at all. In the
      four patients with benign neutropenia, however, PMNs were found even without
      exogenous CSF similar to normal individuals. These results suggest that patients
      with CN may have normal granulopoietic stem cells with normal proliferative and
      differentiating capacity in response to exogenous CSF. When a small amount of
      normal human serum was added to normal marrow cultures stimulated by exogenous
      CSF, the colony growth increased in a superadditive manner. The enhancing
      activity of serum from neutropenic patients differed from that of normal serum.
      Especially, the addition of serum from the patient with Kostmann type CN to
      normal marrow cultures did not show this enhancement effect. The sera of patients
      with benign neutropenia had less enhancement effect than did normal control
      serum. These findings might be interpreted as showing an imbalance between CSF
      enhancer and inhibitors in the patients' serum.

PMID- 3877458
TI  - Menopausal change in serum cholesterol. Black/white differences in Evans County,
      Georgia.
AB  - The relationship between menopausal status and total serum cholesterol was
      examined cross-sectionally in a population of 40- to 54-year-old black and white
      women of Evans County, Georgia. The relationship differed in blacks and whites as
      assessed by a significant interaction term in linear regression. Controlling for
      age, Quetelet index, and smoking status, white postmenopausal women showed an
      estimated increase in total serum cholesterol of 25 mg/dl (p less than 0.001)
      compared with premenopausal whites, whereas black postmenopausal women showed no
      significant increase in total serum cholesterol compared with premenopausal
      blacks. The authors were unable to attribute the lack of menopausal effect in
      blacks to selection or measurement bias, nor did confounding or effect
      modification by obesity or social status negate their findings. Of six other
      populations in which menopausal influence on total serum cholesterol has been
      examined, only Pima Indians failed to show a significant increase.

PMID- 3877460
TI  - Release of granulocyte-macrophage colony-inhibiting activity by normal human
      postthymic precursor cells.
AB  - Seven normal human peripheral blood cell fractions (buffy coat, mononuclear
      cells, non-T, T, Fc-IgM receptor-depleted T-lymphocyte, Fc-IgG receptor-depleted
      T-lymphocyte, and autologous rosette-forming T-cell-depleted T-lymphocyte
      subpopulations) treated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were examined for the
      production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity (CSA). It was
      found that medium conditioned by a T-lymphocyte subpopulation depleted of
      autologous rosette-forming T-cells (Tar cells, a postthymic precursor
      subpopulation that inhibits Ig synthesis) stimulated colony-forming units of
      granulocyte and macrophages (CFU-GM) to a greater extent than did the other
      conditioned media (CM) analyzed. Based on this finding, CM from an enriched Tar
      subpopulation was prepared and thus showed that PHA-treated Tar cells release a
      factor capable of inhibiting CFU-GM growth. The inhibitory activity of this
      factor persisted-after heat inactivation, suggesting that cause of the colony
      inhibiting activity (CIA) is other than interferon. Further studies revealed that
      Tar-derived inhibitory factor acts either directly upon CFU-GM or via
      monocytes/macrophages (M phi/Ma), enhancing CIA, and not the level of CSA
      production by M phi/Ma. The overall data are interpreted as demonstrating the
      presence of CIA in a specific T-lymphocyte subpopulation that may represent a new
      relationship between lymphocytic and myelocytic systems in the human.

PMID- 3877462
TI  - Analgesic and anti-inflammatory therapy in the elderly.
AB  - In the United States today, the number of persons 65 years of age or older is
      about 25 million. Two thirds of this group have musculoskeletal complaints severe
      enough to cause them to use considerable quantities of over-the-counter
      medications to alleviate discomfort. In treating elderly patients with
      osteoarthritis, one of the most common rheumatic diseases of the elderly, it is
      imperative for physicians to be aware of the numerous physiologic aspects of
      aging and how these may affect the pharmacokinetic activity of various prescribed
      agents. Drug therapy in the elderly should be determined by the principle of
      least toxicity. Dosage titration is particularly advisable when pharmacokinetic
      activity of a drug is not known.

PMID- 3877461
TI  - B-prolymphocytic leukemia cells that form rosettes with sheep red blood cells
      through monoclonal surface immunoglobulin.
AB  - The neoplastic cells from a patient with B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia exhibited
      sheep red blood cell (SRBC) rosette formation. Immunochemistries revealed no
      reactivity with T-cell monoclonal antibodies OKT 3, 4, 8, and 11. However, the
      neoplastic cells expressed characteristics of B-cells including surface IgM and
      IgD associated with lambda light chains, Ia-like antigenicity, and reactivity to
      monoclonal antibodies against B-cell antigens B1, B2, and B4. Inhibition
      procedures revealed that SRBC rosette formation was the result of binding
      activity of surface immunoglobulin to SRBC. Pretreatment of the leukemic cells
      with antihuman IgM or lambda antisera, or pronase or trypsin blocked rosette
      formation with SRBC. Circulating antibody to SRBC was also suspected by the fact
      that preincubation of SRBC with heat-inactivated patient's serum resulted in
      agglutination of the SRBC.

PMID- 3877463
TI  - Cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Lymphocyte phenotype analysis after anti-thymocyte
      globulin therapy.
AB  - In an attempt to explore new or alternative therapy for refractory cutaneous T
      cell lymphoma, a patient with advanced disease refractory to conventional
      chemotherapy was treated with anti-thymocyte globulin. The therapy was associated
      with tolerable and manageable toxicities. Phenotypic analysis of neoplastic cells
      in blood and tissue was used to follow the disease response during the trial. The
      therapy resulted in resolution of skin lesions and disappearance of circulating
      cells with neoplastic phenotype. Marked improvement in skin infiltrate and
      restoration of normal skin architecture seen in skin biopsy specimens after anti
      thymocyte globulin were prominent correlative findings. Lymphocytes with normal T
      cell phenotype appeared after anti-thymocyte globulin therapy, although their
      mitogenic response was subnormal. The infused anti-thymocyte globulin was found
      to localize in the skin and bind the neoplastic cells in circulation. The anti
      thymocyte globulin-bound cells, with a half-life of 4.9 days, could still be
      detected up to 14 days after completion of anti-thymocyte globulin therapy.

PMID- 3877464
TI  - Fetal-neonatal passive immunization against Hemophilus influenzae, type b.
AB  - Twenty-one pregnant women were vaccinated with the polyribophosphate capsular
      antigen of Hemophilus influenzae, type b, at 34 to 36 weeks of gestation. All
      women experienced a large boost in their own antibody levels of anti
      polyribophosphate capsular antigen, and 30% was transferred to their newborn
      infants. The newborn serum anti-polyribophosphate capsular antigen level at birth
      was 100-fold greater than that of control newborn infants, and the antibody
      persisted at a protective level for 12 months. Since newborn infants lose
      significant antibody by 3 months of age, they are susceptible to infection by
      Hemophilus influenzae, type b, such that it is the leading cause of meningitis in
      infants. The passive levels of anti-polyribophosphate capsular antigen achieved
      in these fetuses-neonates by active immunization of their mothers should
      theoretically lead to less disease caused by Hemophilus influenzae, type b,
      during infancy.

PMID- 3877465
TI  - Levels of osteocalcin in normal pregnancy.

PMID- 3877466
TI  - Delay of desensitization onset by potassium ion in voltage-clamped frog muscle
      fibers.
AB  - Increase in extracellular K+ concentration causes delay in desensitization onset
      during prolonged application of carbamylcholine to the postjunctional membrane in
      muscle. This could be due to a direct action of K+ on acetylcholine receptors or
      to some change in the receptors related to K+-induced effects on transmembrane
      potential. The question of direct vs. voltage-dependent action of K+ was
      investigated in frog muscle (Rana pipiens) using a point-source voltage clamp. In
      conductance measurements first without voltage control, desensitization rate in
      bath media containing 33 mM K+ was -0.198 s-1 among fibers showing an average
      potential of -30 mV and -0.104 s-1 in 165 mM K+ where the average potential was 
      2 mV, a decrease of 47%. By comparison, in voltage-clamp tests at a nominal
      holding potential of +20 mV, increasing extracellular K+ from 33 to 165 mM caused
      a decrease of 61% in desensitization rate from -0.151 to -0.059 s-1. Another
      series in 165 mM K+ at a holding level of +10 mV showed a decrease of 67% to a
      rate of 0.047 s-1. It is concluded that increases in extracellular K+ can delay
      desensitization onset independently of effects on transmembrane potential. It is
      suggested that this could result from a direct interaction of K+ with sites on
      the outer receptor moiety or within channels, but probably not at the inner
      membrane face, if the latter are considered in equilibrium with bulk
      intracellular K+.

PMID- 3877467
TI  - Stimulation rate, potentiators, and sarcomere length-tension relationship of
      muscle.
AB  - Isometric tetani of single muscle fibers of Rana temporaria were studied as a
      function of stimulation rate, sarcomere length (1.7-2.3 micron), twitch-to
      tetanus ratio, and exposure to twitch potentiators (Zn2+ and NO3-) at 20 degrees
      C. As the stimulation rate was decreased below a maximal level, tension
      generation decreased. This depression in tension generation was more pronounced
      at shorter sarcomere lengths. Therefore the magnitude and shape of the sarcomere
      length curve was dependent on stimulation rate. Although the depression in
      tension generation was always accompanied by a noticeable ripple in the tension
      record in fibers with large twitch-to-tetanus ratios, it could be observed even
      during well-fused tetani in fibers with low twitch-to-tetanus ratios. In all
      fibers, however, high stimulation rates or exposure to potentiators resulted in
      maximum tension generation at each length, and the sarcomere length-tension curve
      followed that found by Gordon, Huxley, and Julian. This indicates that the fall
      in tension between sarcomere lengths of 2.0 and 1.7 micron is not due to length
      dependent activation but is more likely to be the result of mechanical
      interference in the force-generating interaction between cross bridges and thin
      filament sites.

PMID- 3877468
TI  - Dependence of intracellular Na+ concentration on apical and basolateral membrane
      Na+ influx in frog skin.
AB  - An isotopic method was developed to measure the intracellular Na+ content of the
      transepithelial Na+ transport pool of frog skin. Isolated epithelia (no corium)
      were labeled with 24Na either asymmetrically, from apical (Aa) or basolateral
      (Ab) solutions, or symmetrically (Aab). Transport pool Na+ could be identified
      from the kinetics of washout of 24Na carried out in the presence of 1 mM ouabain,
      100 microM amiloride, and 1 mM furosemide that served to trap cold Na+ and 24Na
      within the transport pool. In control epithelia, Aab averaged 64.1 neq/cm2 (13.9
      mM), and maximal inhibition of apical membrane Na+ entry with 100 microM
      amiloride caused Aab to decrease to 24.3 neq/cm2 (5.3 mM). Ouabain caused Aab to
      increase markedly to 303 neq/cm2 in 30 min, whereas amiloride inhibition of
      apical membrane Na+ entry reduced markedly the rate of increase of Aab caused by
      ouabain (7.3 neq X cm-2 X min-1 in control and 1.7 neq X cm-2 X min-1 in the
      presence of amiloride). These data, in part, confirmed the existence of an
      important basolateral membrane permeability to Na+ that was measured in separate
      studies of the bidirectional 24Na fluxes at the basolateral membranes of the
      cells. Both sets of data were supportive of the idea that a significant Na+
      recycling exists at the basolateral membranes of the cells that contributes to
      the Na+ load on the pump and Na+ recycling participates in the regulation of the
      Na+ concentration of the Na+ transport pool of these epithelial cells.

PMID- 3877469
TI  - Autoimmune thyroiditis in manic-depressive patients treated with lithium.
AB  - To explore whether lithium-induced hypothyroidism is related to an exacerbation
      of underlying autoimmune processes such as thyroiditis, the authors
      comprehensively assessed thyroid function in 16 manic-depressive patients. Each
      of the three patients who showed detectable titers of thyroid microsomal
      antibodies before treatment manifested a marked increase in antibody titer from 4
      to 12 months after lithium treatment was begun. Thus, lithium-induced thyroid
      dysfunction may not only involve direct effects on the thyroid itself but also
      involve exacerbation of an underlying indolent autoimmune thyroiditis, possibly
      by causing shifts in T lymphocyte subpopulations.

PMID- 3877470
TI  - [Auricular electrostimulation analgesia--a new method of anesthesia in
      gynecological surgical practice].

PMID- 3877471
TI  - Rett syndrome: Swedish approach to analysis of prevalence and cause.
AB  - The prevalence of the Rett syndrome was found to be approximately 1:15,000 in
      south-western Sweden. About 40 cases have now been traced in this country, the
      majority during the last 2 yrs. Experiences of over 20 yrs in efforts to obtain
      information on the etiology and pathogenesis are summarized. The neurobiological
      approach used in Gothenburg today to try to reveal the origin is described. A
      plea is made for developmental screening of deteriorating hand skill as a tool
      for early identification of potential cases of the Rett syndrome.

PMID- 3877472
TI  - Rett syndrome--an early catecholamine and indolamine deficient disorder?
AB  - The results of clinical and polysomnographical examinations on 11 Japanese Rett
      syndrome cases were summarized to substantiate further our previous results
      regarding the pathophysiology of the disease. It was concluded that the disease
      starts early in infancy and takes a progressive course. Each characteristic
      symptom appears in an orderly sequence which is thought to reflect the sequential
      systemic involvement of certain neuronal systems. Based on the characteristic
      symptoms and signs, and polysomnographical studies, we speculated that the
      initial lesion was the locus coeruleus with a hypoactive noradrenergic system
      combined with other hypoactive monoaminergic systems, including those of
      serotonin and dopamine, occurring along with the early developmental course. In
      later stages, hyperfunction possibly due to postsynaptic supersensitivity of the
      dopamine system causes the characteristic symptoms of the Rett syndrome.

PMID- 3877473
TI  - A comparison of the induction characteristics of thiopentone and propofol (2,6-di
      isopropyl phenol).
AB  - A study has been undertaken to compare the induction characteristics of the new
      intravenous anaesthetic agent 2,6 di-isopropyl phenol, newly prepared in a lipid
      emulsion (propofol) with those of thiopentone. Despite a significantly higher
      incidence of pain on injection and spontaneous movement, the new agent was felt
      to perform comparably to thiopentone as an induction agent. Unfortunately,
      propofol caused decreases in blood pressure which were significantly greater than
      those seen after thiopentone. This feature may prove to be a considerable hurdle
      to the general acceptance of propofol.

PMID- 3877474
TI  - Comparison of propofol and thiopentone for induction of anaesthesia in
      premedicated patients.
AB  - Thirty premedicated ASA I or II patients scheduled for minor gynaecological
      surgery, were randomly allocated to receive either 1.5 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg propofol
      of the new emulsion formulation, or 4 mg/kg thiopentone, given over 20 seconds.
      Anaesthesia was successfully induced in all 30 patients. The mean (SEM) induction
      times were for propofol 1.5 mg/kg 33.3(3.2) seconds, for 2 mg/kg 30.5(2.7)
      seconds and for thiopentone 34.6(2.7) seconds. The incidence of apnoea greater
      than 10 seconds, was respectively 60, 80 and 80%, and the mean duration of apnoea
      30.8(5.3), 37.1(5.0) and 23.7(5.0) seconds. The mean systolic blood pressure
      decreased after propofol 1.5 mg/kg by 16.0 mmHg, after 2 mg/kg by 18.6 mmHg, and
      increased after thiopentone by 1 mmHg, 2 minutes after injection. Heart rate
      increased significantly 2 minutes after thiopentone by an average of 15.1
      beats/minute, but not after propofol. Pain was not reported during or after the
      injection. No major adverse reactions occurred at induction or during maintenance
      of anaesthesia with an inhalation agent. One patient who received 2 mg/kg
      propofol and isoflurane vomited for 24 hours. The recovery of anaesthesia after
      propofol induction, was quicker than after thiopentone.

PMID- 3877475
TI  - Infectious complications of neoplastic disease.
AB  - Progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of infection in patients
      with neoplastic disease. Among the advances is the appreciation that certain
      opportunistic infections occur in association with particular host immune defects
      and epidemiologic factors. Such immune defects are seen secondary to or as a
      consequence of treatment for the patient's basic disease. Improved methods such
      as serology, open lung biopsy, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy have allowed for
      earlier diagnosis and treatment of opportunistic infections. The development of
      empiric antibiotic regimens, particularly aminoglycosides and the antipseudomonal
      penicillins, have improved the outcome in the febrile neutropenic patient. The
      benefits of protective environments have been challenged; prophylactic
      antibiotics and various forms of immunotherapy are of interest but remain
      investigational.

PMID- 3877476
TI  - Microangiographic findings of massive intestinal bleeding in a patient with
      Crohn's disease: a case report.
AB  - A 16 year old man with complaints of abdominal pain, diarrhea, high fever and
      loss of body weight was made a diagnosis of Crohn's disease. During the
      administration, he had intestinal obstruction and several episodes of massive
      intestinal bleeding. Selective angiography of the superior mesenteric artery
      demonstrated the bleeding site in the ileum. Microangiography of the surgical
      specimens revealed abrupt interruptions of arteriae rectae in the submucosa
      indicating the bleeding site from the diseased intestine.

PMID- 3877477
TI  - Cutaneous T cell lymphoma and leukocytoclastic vasculitis in a long-term survivor
      of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

PMID- 3877478
TI  - Automated gastric lavage and a comparison of 0.9% normal saline solution and tap
      water irrigant.
AB  - Gastric lavage is used frequently in the emergency treatment of upper
      gastrointestinal hemorrhage, toxin ingestion, drug overdose, and other cases
      requiring repetitive gastric irrigation. An effective automatic method of gastric
      lavage is described and evaluated. The use of tap water versus 0.9% normal saline
      solution also is compared. There is no difference in prelavage and postlavage
      blood cell concentrations or electrolyte profile with either irrigant. The
      advantages of tap water lavage fluid are discussed.

PMID- 3877479
TI  - Septic arthritis in childhood.
AB  - We studied retrospectively the pattern of septic arthritis in childhood at a
      major municipal hospital during a ten-year period. Hemophilus influenzae was the
      most common organism in septic arthritis in patients less than two years old and
      was associated with upper respiratory tract infections in nine of 12 patients
      (75%). Staphylococcus aureus was seen in seven of eight (87.5%) children above
      the age of five and was associated with history of trauma. All patients were
      black. Despite the high incidence of sickle cell disease in our hospital
      population, not one patient had sickle cell disease.

PMID- 3877480
TI  - T-lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulin concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage
      of patients with sarcoidosis and high and low intensity alveolitis.
AB  - Reproducible volumes of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were recovered from 19
      patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and from 6 control subjects using a
      standardized technique. Studies of cell surface markers showed that BAL from 9
      patients contained more than 8 X 10(6) helper T-cells. These patients were
      classified as having high intensity alveolitis, whereas in 10 patients with lower
      cell counts, low intensity alveolitis was diagnosed. Activated helper T-cells
      coexpressing Leu-3a and Ia-antigens were significantly more numerous in BAL from
      patients with high intensity alveolitis than in BAL from the other patients and
      the control subjects. Concentrations of IgM, IgA, and IgG, but not of albumin
      were markedly increased in BAL from patients with high intensity alveolitis when
      compared with the other subjects. In BAL from both patient and control groups,
      numbers of helper T-cells and particularly of activated helper T-cells were
      correlated with immunoglobulin concentrations. In 4 patients with high intensity
      alveolitis, prednisone-induced and spontaneous clinical improvement were
      paralleled by a decrease in helper and activated helper T-cells and in
      immunoglobulin concentrations in BAL, indicating conversion of high to low
      intensity disease. No change was observed in 4 patients with low intensity
      alveolitis.

PMID- 3877481
TI  - Utility of gallium67 scintigraphy and bronchial washings in the diagnosis and
      treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immune
      deficiency syndrome.
AB  - Twenty patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and suspected
      Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were evaluated by gallium67 (Ga67 scintigraphy and
      fiberoptic bronchoscopy for initial diagnosis and response to therapy. Lung
      uptake of Ga67 was demonstrated in 100% of AIDS patients with P. carinii
      pneumonia, including those with subclinical infection. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy
      identified P. carinii in the bronchial washings of 100% of cases (19 patients),
      whereas only 13 of 16 (81%) patients had P. carinii in lung tissue obtained by
      transbronchial biopsy. Repeat fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed in 16 of 20
      patients. After 2 to 4 wk of therapy, P. carinii was identified in bronchial
      washings in 8 of 16 (50%) patients and in transbronchial biopsy in 1 of 10 (10%)
      patients examined. Bronchial washing has a higher yield than transbronchial
      biopsy in demonstrating P. carinii in patients with AIDS and may evolve as the
      procedure of choice in such patients. Based on the clinical course and results of
      Ga67 scintigraphy and fiberoptic bronchoscopy in AIDS patients with P. carinii
      pneumonia, optimal therapy may require at least 3 wk of treatment.

PMID- 3877482
TI  - Isoelectric focusing of beta-lactamases in Mycobacterium fortuitum. Association
      of a single enzyme pattern with cefoxitin resistance.
AB  - The uninduced culture supernatants and cell extracts from 58 strains of the 3
      biovariants (biovar) of Mycobacterium fortuitum were all positive for beta
      lactamase with the chromogenic cephalosporin substrate. By analytical isoelectric
      focusing (IEF), 29 of 30 strains of biovar fortuitum exhibited an identical beta
      lactamase pattern with 1 major band. In contrast, the beta-lactamases of biovar
      peregrinum and the unnamed third biovar were heterogeneous, with multiple bands
      and a variety of patterns. The pH range of isoelectric points for the beta
      lactamases was relatively narrow, however, with most bands appearing between pH
      4.3 and 5.2. Although additional genetic studies are required, these enzymes
      appear to be chromosomal, as they are present in all strains including some
      without detectable plasmids. Repeat isolates from the same patient obtained up to
      six months apart always had the same beta-lactamase pattern by IEF. Of the third
      biovar complex, 30% are cefoxitin resistant with minimal inhibitory
      concentrations greater than 32 micrograms/ml. All 9 cefoxitin-resistant isolates
      tested had the same unique beta-lactamase pattern by IEF, although this enzyme
      failed to hydrolyze cefoxitin while hydrolyzing cephalothin and benzylpenicillin.
      Thus, despite the association of cefoxitin-resistance with a single enzyme
      pattern, the role of this beta-lactamase in resistance is not known.

PMID- 3877483
TI  - Neutrophil elastase-releasing factors in bronchoalveolar lavage from patients
      with adult respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) was obtained from patients with adult
      respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Controls included BAL from normal subjects
      and from patients with sarcoidosis or pulmonary fibrosis. Neutrophil elastase
      measured immunologically was found in all BAL samples, but it was strikingly
      greater in BAL from patients with ARDS than in the BAL from normal subjects or
      patients with sarcoidosis. There was no significant difference in the neutrophil
      elastase antigen concentrations in BAL samples from patients with ARDS and those
      with pulmonary fibrosis. No elastolytic activity was found in either group. The
      alpha-1-antitrypsin and the bronchial mucus inhibitor were greater in BAL from
      patients with ARDS. There was a highly significant correlation between the
      alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference and the neutrophil elastase
      concentration in BAL from the patients with ARDS. Kallikrein, prekallikrein,
      factor XIa-like activity, and high molecular weight kininogen antigen were found
      in BAL of patients with ARDS, suggesting that the kallikrein-kinin cascade may be
      activated in the lungs of patients with ARDS. Kallikrein-like activity in the BAL
      from the patients with ARDS was significantly correlated with the number of
      neutrophils in the BAL, the neutrophil elastase concentration, and the ability of
      the BAL to release elastase from cytochalasin-B-treated neutrophils. There was no
      correlation between these variables and C5a concentration. These studies
      demonstrated an association between BAL neutrophil elastase and the clinical
      state of patients with ARDS.

PMID- 3877484
TI  - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia radiographically simulating tuberculosis.
AB  - Eight immunocompromised patients presented with upper lobe infiltrates that
      radiographically simulated tuberculosis. Bilateral lobar consolidation was
      present in 5, and apical or posterior segmental consolidation was present in 3.
      Pneumocystis carinii was diagnosed in 7 patients from material obtained at
      bronchoscopy after sputum stained for mycobacteria had been negative. In the
      eighth patient, sputum submitted for cytologic evaluation demonstrated P.
      carinii. The 7 patients surviving this episode of pneumonia responded clinically
      and radiographically to specific therapy directed against P. carinii. Predominant
      upper lobe involvement has not been previously emphasized as a pattern of P.
      carinii pneumonia but should be considered in immunocompromised patients.

PMID- 3877485
TI  - Cimetidine in intensive care units.

PMID- 3877486
TI  - Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia in chronic renal failure.

PMID- 3877488
TI  - Neurological events in cardiac surgery.
AB  - Fifty consecutive coronary artery bypass grafting (Group I) and 50 single valve
      replacement (Group II) procedures were compared with 50 coronary artery bypass
      grafting with valve replacement (Group III) procedures and 50 multi-valve
      procedures (Group IV) to determine the frequency of neurological complications
      after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The possible risks and aetiological
      implications were studied. The overall surgical mortality rate was 7.5%, being
      0%, 4%, 6% and 20%, respectively for the different groups. The neurological event
      was not the primary cause of death in any of the patients. After CPB,
      neurological manifestations occurred in 4% of the patients in Gr. I, in 6% in Gr.
      II, in 4% in Gr. III, and in 8% in Gr. IV. Three patients had peripheral nerve
      paresis. The age of the patients and the duration of the CPB operation were not
      factors in the risk of neurological complications. Previous neurological events
      seemed to increase the frequency of postoperative neurological disorders, whereas
      combined procedures were no more dangerous in this respect.

PMID- 3877487
TI  - Dapsone, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome.

PMID- 3877489
TI  - Role of oxygen-dependent mechanisms in monoclonal antibody-induced lysis of
      normal T cells by phagocytes. I.--Human Phagocytes.
AB  - The present study investigates the lytic potential of the reactive oxygen species
      (ROS) which, as previously shown in our laboratory, are generated within the
      first minutes following the Fc-receptor-mediated interaction between phagocytic
      cells and anti-T-cell monoclonal-antibody (mAb)-coated T lymphocytes. A
      comparative study of ROS production (measured by chemiluminescence (CL] and the
      cytotoxic effect (evaluated in a 51Cr release antibody-dependent cellular
      cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay) of human polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear (MN)
      cells against mAb-coated autologous, allogeneic and xenogeneic (murine)
      thymocytes showed that the two reactions were closely interdependent for PMN and
      co-existed without significant correlation for MN cells. Catalase and superoxide
      dismutase did not modify ADCC results, suggesting that these ROS scavengers could
      not diffuse into the target cell destruction area. Colchicine treatment of PMN
      and MN cells at a dose inhibiting phagocytosis consistently impaired their CL
      generation and, in parallel, strongly reduced PMN-mediated ADCC but only weakly
      reduced that of MN cells. PMN and MN cells from 14 patients with chronic
      granulomatous disease (CGD) were not capable of producing CL after contact with
      mAb-coated T cells and showed significantly reduced ADCC activities, while PMN
      and MN cells from mothers carrying the X-linked type of CGD exhibited ADCC and
      oxidative responses of an intermediate level. We conclude that ADCC mediated by
      human PMN cells against T cells is mainly dependent upon the generation of ROS,
      whereas that induced by MN cells is most likely effected by both oxidative and
      non-oxidative events.

PMID- 3877490
TI  - Periovulatory secretion of immunoactive pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein
      (SP1) in humans: comparison with "normal" SP1.
AB  - The pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1)-immunoreacting material in serum
      from two patients around ovulation was compared with serum SP1 activity derived
      from normal pregnant women. This was done by antibody binding experiments,
      density gradients and binding to lentil lectin. Periovulatory SP1 behaved
      similarly to SP1 from pregnant patients. It is therefore suggested that the
      periovulatory immunoreacting material is true SP1 and that this protein, though
      rarely, can be synthesized outside the trophoblast in healthy women.

PMID- 3877491
TI  - Importance of T-cells and macrophages in the antitumor activity of
      carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide (Ge-132).
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effective mechanisms of Ge-132,
      an organogermanium compound with immunomodulatory activity, on experimental
      murine ascites tumors. The antitumor effects of Ge-132 were observed when mice
      inoculated with Ehrlich carcinoma (allogeneic) or RL male 1 leukemia (syngeneic)
      cells were treated orally. However, Ge-132 had no activity on EL-4 lymphoma
      (syngeneic) or Meth A fibrosarcoma (syngeneic). The antitumor activity of Ge-132
      was not observed when tumor-bearing mice were treated with trypan blue,
      carrageenan, or monoclonal anti-Thy 1.2 antibody. However, when natural killer
      (NK) cells were eliminated from mice bearing RL male 1 or Ehrlich ascites tumors
      by treatment with anti-asialo GM1 antiserum, the antitumor activity of the
      compound was unchanged. This suggests that Ge-132 was effective against certain
      ascites tumors regardless of whether the tumor was syngeneic or allogeneic.
      Furthermore, its effect might be expressed through host defense mechanisms,
      including macrophages and/or T-cells.

PMID- 3877492
TI  - Exquisite specificity of adoptive immunization in arenavirus-infected mice.
AB  - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-infected mice can be adoptively
      immunized with T cells from immune mice sharing MHC compatibility in H-2K or D,
      suggesting direct cytotoxic effects of T cells in vivo. However, T cells, upon
      recognition of an appropriate target, secrete lymphokines which may be capable of
      mediating antiviral effects nonspecifically. In this report we show that LCMV
      immune cells reduced LCMV spleen titers in mice infected with LCMV alone or with
      LCMV and Pichinde virus (PV), but had no effect on PV titers in these mice or in
      mice infected with PV alone. Titers of PV were reduced by PV-immune cells
      transferred into mice infected with PV alone or with PV and LCMV, while LCMV
      titers were not altered. PV and LCMV antigens were shown by fluorescence
      microscopy to be in proximity in the spleen prior to cell transfer. These data
      suggest that adoptive immunization against these arenaviruses involves direct
      cytotoxicity or an extremely localized effect of nonspecific soluble factors
      elaborated following antigen recognition, rather than generalized nonspecific
      antiviral effects of a more systemic nature.

PMID- 3877493
TI  - End product inhibition of hepatic 25-hydroxyvitamin D production in the rat:
      specificity and kinetics.
AB  - The role of vitamin D metabolites in the regulation of hepatic 25-hydroxyvitamin
      D production was investigated by examining the effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D,
      1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D on the synthesis of [25
      3H]hydroxyvitamin D by rachitic rat liver homogenates. Production of [25
      3H]hydroxyvitamin D was inhibited by 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D, but not by 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D
      increased the Km of the vitamin D-25-hydroxylase enzyme(s), while 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D decreased the Vmax with a Ki of 88.7 ng/ml. Inhibition of
      hepatic 25-hydroxyvitamin D production by 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D may be another control mechanism to regulate circulating
      vitamin D levels.

PMID- 3877494
TI  - Health status of the rural elderly according to farm work history: the Iowa 65 +
      rural health study.
AB  - In a geographically defined survey of 3,097 rural Iowans who were at least 65 yr
      of age, we examined the association between prior farm experience (greater than
      or equal to 25 yr) and various measures of current health status; we controlled
      for age, current working status, and, where appropriate, smoking and alcohol
      consumption. Health status was indexed by self-reported morbid conditions,
      symptoms, and physical function. After controlling for smoking behavior, it was
      found that both men and women with previous farm exposure currently experience a
      greater prevalence of all nine respiratory symptoms employed in the study
      relative to non-farmers. Farm men report a lower prevalence of Parkinson's
      disease and prostate conditions, but report a greater prevalence of stroke and a
      lower level of self-perceived health status. Women with a farm work history
      experience a greater level of physical function and fewer symptoms associated
      with mental illness. Overall significant benefits as well as risks associated
      with a history of farm work were identified. However, of those who survived to
      age 65, extended exposure to farm work did not have a major impact on the overall
      current health status of men and women.

PMID- 3877495
TI  - Coronary artery bypass graft surgery: clinical comparison of cold blood potassium
      cardioplegia, warm cardioplegic induction, and secondary cardioplegia.
AB  - An analysis of myocardial protection was performed in 45 low-risk patients
      undergoing coronary bypass procedures who were divided into three equal groups
      with similar preoperative ejection fractions and coronary artery obstructions.
      Group 1 (N = 15) received cold blood cardioplegia, Group 2 received cold blood
      cardioplegia and secondary cardioplegia, and Group 3 received cold blood
      cardioplegia plus warm cardioplegic induction. The aortic cross-clamp time and
      the number of bypass grafts were similar among the groups. The following
      variables were measured serially: electrocardiographic changes, serum myocardial
      specific isoenzyme of creatine kinase, cardiac output, left ventricular filling
      pressure, ejection fraction, and left ventricular wall motion. The three methods
      evaluated were all effective in protecting the myocardium during global
      myocardial ischemia. Patients who received secondary cardioplegia (Group 2) were
      more likely to exhibit spontaneous defibrillation (12/15) than those in Group 1
      (5/15) or Group 3 (6/15) (p less than 0.05). However, measurements of left
      ventricular performance and evidence of perioperative myocardial infarction were
      similar among all three groups. These data suggest that a standard technique of
      cold potassium cardioplegia alone should be the method of choice in elective, low
      risk coronary bypass operations rather than this technique in combination with
      either of the other two more costly and complex methods evaluated in this study.

PMID- 3877496
TI  - T-lymphocyte subsets in hospitalized drug abusers: is there more than meets the
      eye?

PMID- 3877497
TI  - The effects of hemorrhage and trauma on interleukin 2 production.
AB  - Sepsis remains the major cause of postresuscitation death after hemorrhage and
      trauma. The high incidence of infection in this setting has been attributed to
      host defense abnormalities, including dysfunction in cell-mediated immunity. To
      elucidate the interaction between injury and host defense mechanisms, we measured
      interleukin 2 (IL 2) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 21
      patients immediately after unanesthetized, accidental hemorrhage or trauma.
      Interleukin 2 production in minimally injured patients (0.63 +/- 0.14 [SEM]
      units) was similar to that found in control, uninjured subjects (0.68 +/- 0.17
      units). Compared with control patients, IL 2 production was reduced 56% in
      patients with moderate injury and 85% in patients with severe injury. There was
      significant correlation between the severity of injury and the reduction in IL 2
      production. Lymphocyte proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin was reduced
      in patients with moderate and severe injury, and the reduction in proliferative
      response was significantly correlated with injury severity. These results
      indicate that marked abnormalities in cell-mediated immune function, as
      determined by IL 2 production, occur immediately after hemorrhage and accidental
      injury.

PMID- 3877499
TI  - Physiological localization of the semicircular canal receptors in the crista.
AB  - Isolated posterior semicircular canals from the bull frog model were used. The
      cupula was removed from the crista and the sensory cilia on the crista were
      depressed toward the canal side by using a glass micropipette. Seven different
      points were selected for stimulation on the ampullary wall. Ampullary nerve
      action potentials induced by depression were recorded and were converted into
      spike-density histograms. Response decremental time constants were measured on
      these histograms. The longest time constant was measured at the two lateral
      points of stimulation and progressively shortened toward the central point of
      stimulation. These results indicate that the origin of the adaptation is possibly
      sensorineural.

PMID- 3877498
TI  - Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis of individual vestibular hair cells.
AB  - Microprobe analysis was performed at the cellular and subcellular levels of type
      I and type II vestibular hair cells. In principle the same types of elemental
      histograms were found in the two types of hair cells studied. High concentrations
      of Cl and K were detected in stereocilia, whereas calcium was found when
      analyzing stereocilia and the supranuclear cytoplasm.

PMID- 3877500
TI  - DNA content analysis of peripheral blood B-lymphocytes in plasma cell
      malignancies.
AB  - A double fluorescence assay has been employed for the detection of cell surface
      and/or cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (Ig) and the measurement of nuclear DNA
      content in the same cell. Following staining for Ig by means of FITC conjugated
      antibodies directed against heavy or light chains, cell suspensions or cytospin
      preparations were ethanol fixed and stained with a propidium iodide-RNAse
      solution. In this way, the cytometric DNA content of circulating B-lymphocytes
      was analyzed in three patients suffering from plasma cell malignancies with an
      excess of peripheral blood B-lymphocytes and evidence of aneuploid bone marrow
      plasma cells. Aneuploid circulating B-lymphocytes with the same DNA stem-line as
      bone marrow plasma cells were found in two patients with advanced disease but not
      in the only one we studied at presentation. Aneuploid lymphocytes had surface
      immunoglobulins bearing the same light chain as the M-protein. In addition, a
      significant percentage (23%) of cells lacking either surface or cytoplasmic
      immunoglobulins proved to be aneuploid in plasma cell leukemia. Nuclear DNA
      measurement combined with surface or cytoplasmic marker analysis appears to be a
      reliable method for studying neoplastic lymphoid precursor cells in plasma cell
      malignancies.

PMID- 3877501
TI  - Introductory remarks--with consideration of a T-cell model for aging in cellular
      proteins.

PMID- 3877502
TI  - Human indolylamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Its tissue distribution, and characterization
      of the placental enzyme.
AB  - The presence of indolylamine 2,3-dioxygenase was examined in human subjects by
      determining its activity with L-tryptophan as substrate. Enzyme activity was
      detected in various tissues, and was relatively high in the lung, small intestine
      and placenta. Human indolylamine 2,3-dioxygenase, partially purified from the
      placenta, had an Mr of about 40 000 by gel filtration and exhibited a single pI
      of 6.9. The human enzyme required a reducing system, ascorbic acid and Methylene
      Blue, for maximal activity and was able to oxidize D-tryptophan, 5-hydroxy-L
      tryptophan as well as L-tryptophan, but kinetic studies indicated that the best
      substrate of the enzyme was L-tryptophan.

PMID- 3877503
TI  - Inhibition of squalene epoxidase by allylamine antimycotic compounds. A
      comparative study of the fungal and mammalian enzymes.
AB  - The inhibition of squalene epoxidase by the allylamine antimycotic agents
      naftifine and compound SF 86-327 was investigated, with particulate enzyme
      preparations from the pathogenic yeasts Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis
      and from rat liver. Both naftifine and compound SF 86-327 were potent inhibitors
      of the Candida epoxidases and showed apparently non-competitive kinetics with
      respect to the substrate squalene. The Ki values for naftifine and compound SF 86
      327 in the C. albicans system were 1.1 microM and 0.03 microM respectively. The
      C. parapsilosis enzyme was slightly more sensitive to inhibition. Varying the
      concentrations of cofactors or the soluble cytoplasmic fraction (S200) had no
      effect on the inhibition. The epoxidase from rat liver was much less sensitive
      (Ki for compound SF 86-327 was 77 microM). The inhibition was also qualitatively
      different from that in Candida, being competitive with respect to squalene and
      also with respect to the S200 fraction. S200 fraction derived from C. albicans
      also antagonized the inhibition of the epoxidase from liver, but the liver S200
      fraction did not affect inhibition of the Candida enzyme by compound SF 86-327.
      There was no evidence for an irreversible or mechanism-based inhibition of either
      the fungal or the mammalian epoxidase. The selective inhibition of squalene
      epoxidase was sufficient to account for the known antimycotic action of the
      compounds.

PMID- 3877504
TI  - Increased activity of renal glycine-cleavage-enzyme complex in metabolic
      acidosis.
AB  - Glycine is metabolized in isolated renal cortical tubules to stochiometric
      qualities of ammonia, CO2 and serine by the combined actions of the glycine
      cleavage-enzyme complex and serine hydroxymethyltransferase. The rate of renal
      glycine metabolism by this route is increased in tubules from acidotic rats, but
      is not affected in vitro by decreasing the incubation pH from 7.4 to 7.1.
      Metabolic acidosis caused an increase in the renal activity of the glycine
      cleavage-enzyme complex, but there were no changes in the activity of serine
      hydroxymethyltransferase or of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase. This
      enzymic adaptation permits increased ammoniagenesis from glycine during acidosis.
      The physiological implications are discussed.

PMID- 3877505
TI  - Pharmacology of new glutarimide compounds.
AB  - New glutarimide compounds were synthesized by incorporating piperidine (compounds
      1 to 7), diethylamine (8 and 9), morpholine moities (10 to 13), and alkyl
      derivatives of 3,5 dicyanoglutarimide (14 to 20) at position -1 of the nitrogen
      atom. Only compounds 1 to 7 at a dose of 8 mg/kg i.p. caused hypermotility,
      ataxia, tachypnoea and mild tremors in mice. At higher doses (32 mg/kg i.p.), all
      compounds induced tonic and clonic convulsions, respiratory paralysis and death.
      The LD50 values of compounds 1 to 20 in mice range from 152 to 488 mg/kg i.p. and
      for compounds 21 to 23, the p.o. values are 484, 500 and 525 mg/kg. The relative
      toxicity of compounds 1 to 7 and 14 to 20 showed inverse ratio in their numbers.
      Basic compounds 21 to 23 at high dose levels (64 mg/kg i.p.) induced only
      hypnotic depression. No change was observed in organ-wise histopathological study
      except patchy necrosis at the site of injection of basic compounds. The CNS
      pharmacological studies were negative with reference to anti-convulsion,
      analgesic, antipyretic tests by conventional methods except at higher doses (32
      or 64 mg/kg i.p.), which exhibited synergistic effects in mice and rats.

PMID- 3877506
TI  - 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the intracellular pH in the slime mold
      Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - Amoebae of the slime mold D. discoideum were studied by phosphorus nuclear
      magnetic resonance. Under aerobic conditions, major intracellular phosphate
      compounds included phosphomonoesters, inorganic phosphate (Pi), ADP and ATP.
      Nucleotides were essentially as magnesium complexes. Two intracellular Pi
      resonances were clearly resolved and the corresponding pHs determined by the
      chemical shifts characteristics were 7.7 and 6.7. These intracellular pHs were
      strictly constant over an extracellular pH range between 5.0 and 7.5. The two
      cellular compartments defined by the Pi resonances were assigned to mitochondria
      (pH 7.7) and cytosol (pH 6.7) on the basis of their response to anaerobiosis or
      to carbonylcyanide-m-chloro phenylhydrazone (CCCP), an uncoupler of oxidative
      phosphorylation, which equilibrate the two intracellular pHs.

PMID- 3877507
TI  - Cell-free translation of the vitamin K-dependent bone protein osteocalcin.
AB  - The primary gene product of the vitamin K-dependent bone matrix protein,
      osteocalcin, has been identified by immunoprecipitation of cell-free translated
      proteins from 4 week rat calvariae mRNA preparations. Peptides of 9.8kd and 12kd,
      precipitated with a polyclonal affinity selected species specific antibody raised
      to purified rat osteocalcin, accounted for 1-2% of labelled proteins and were
      displaced by rat osteocalcin. These studies demonstrate that the 5800 molecular
      weight osteocalcin is synthesized as a precursor of approximately twice its size.
      The size of the propeptide, with a molecular weight of 4.3kd, is consistent with
      other known secreted vitamin K-dependent blood proteins.

PMID- 3877508
TI  - Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of human pancreatic secretory trypsin
      inhibitor (PSTI) cDNA.
AB  - We have isolated and sequenced a cDNA clone coding for the human pancreatic
      secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) from a human pancreatic cDNA library. The
      predicted product consists of 79 amino acids, and contains no apparent functional
      polypeptide other than PSTI. Southern blot analysis suggests that there is one
      copy of PSTI gene per haploid genome. This gene seems to be expressed not only in
      pancreas, but also in gastric mucosa, since a Northern blot analysis demonstrated
      the presence of a poly(A) RNA of the same size as in the pancreas. A comparison
      of sequences between human PSTI mRNA and mouse epidermal growth factor (EGF) mRNA
      revealed a high homology, suggesting that they share a common ancestral DNA
      sequence.

PMID- 3877509
TI  - [Primary structure of fragment 7 of the influenza virus A/USSR/90/77(H1N1) RNA].
AB  - The double-stranded DNA copy of the matrix protein (M) gene of the influenza
      virus A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) has been inserted in PstI site of plasmid pBR322 and
      cloned in E. coli. The full-length DNA copy of the M gene has been sequenced
      using Maxam-Gilbert method. Analysis of nucleotide sequence of segment 7 RNA of
      influenza virus A/USSR/90/77 and nucleotide substitutions, as compared with known
      primary structures of segment 7 RNA for other strains, is presented. A
      hypothetical model of secondary structure of segment 7 RNA of influenza virus and
      repeating sequences at nucleotide and amino acid levels, revealed in the central
      region of M1 protein, are discussed.

PMID- 3877511
TI  - Probable role of interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis of scleroderma.

PMID- 3877510
TI  - Two types of inflammatory vascular disease in Sjogren's syndrome. Differential
      association with seroreactivity to rheumatoid factor and antibodies to Ro (SS-A)
      and with hypocomplementemia.
AB  - Two types of inflammatory vascular disease (IVD) occur in Sjogren's syndrome:
      neutrophilic IVD (NIVD) and mononuclear IVD (MIVD). In 45 patients with Sjogren's
      syndrome, we examined the 2 types of IVD with respect to serologic associations.
      NIVD, unlike MIVD, was significantly associated with seroreactivity reflected by
      hyperglobulinemia (P = 0.01), rheumatoid factor (P = 0.002), antinuclear
      antibodies (P = 0.02), and antibodies to Ro (SS-A) (P = 0.00006), and with
      hypocomplementemia (P = 0.03). The differential association of the 2 types of IVD
      with serologic reactivity and hypocomplementemia suggests that there may be basic
      differences in the immunopathogenesis of these 2 forms of IVD in Sjogren's
      syndrome.

PMID- 3877512
TI  - [Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis: clinical characteristics in 41 patients].

PMID- 3877513
TI  - [Synthesis and pharmacologic profile of new diaryl as-triazines].

PMID- 3877514
TI  - Mechanisms that regulate immunoglobulin gene expression.

PMID- 3877515
TI  - [Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in multi-infarct dementia].
AB  - Cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism were studied in three aged normal
      volunteers and 10 patients with multi-infarct dementia (MID) by Positron Emission
      Tomography using O-15. The diagnosis of MID was done according to the Loeb's
      modified ischemic score and X-ray CT findings. The MID patients, whose X-ray CT
      showed localized low density areas in the subcortical white matter and basal
      ganglia and thalamus, were studied. No occlusion was observed at anterior
      cerebral artery and/or middle cerebral artery on cerebral angiography. All cases
      of MID were mild dementias. Regional CBF, rOEF and rCMRO2 were measured by the
      steady state technique described by Terry Jones et al. The values of rCBF in MID
      patients were significantly low compared with those of aged normal subjects in
      frontal, temporal, occipital, parietal cortices and thalamus. The values of CMRO2
      in MID were significantly low in frontal, temporal, occipital cortices and
      thalamus compared with normal subjects'. The OEF was 0.46 in aged normal
      subjects, and 0.52 in MID patients. The MID patients in the early stage of
      dementia showed the increased oxygen extraction fraction, and this fact suggests
      that ischemia is a significant pathogenic mechanism in the production and
      progression of multi-infarct dementia. The decrease of CBF and CMRO2 in MID
      compared from normal subjects' were most remarkable in frontal cortex. The
      impairment of mental functions in MID should be caused by the decreased neuronal
      activities in frontal association cortex.

PMID- 3877516
TI  - An unusual cause of haemorrhage during the surgical removal of a mandibular third
      molar.

PMID- 3877517
TI  - Epidermal growth factor (hEGF) has no effect on murine intestine epithelial
      damage and regeneration after melphalan.
AB  - The effect of epidermal growth factor (hEGF) on intestinal epithelial damage by
      melphalan was explored in CBA mice. Human EGF was administered in doses of 100
      micrograms kg-1 or 1000 micrograms kg-1 using a variety of schedules. Mucosal
      damage was assessed 4, 8 and 13 days later, by [14C]-xylose uptake and by
      microcolony survival of jejunum, ileum and colon. The only regimen to show
      enhanced jejunal crypt survival was administration of hEGF, 100 micrograms kg-1,
      i.p., 8 hourly, beginning 24 h before melphalan treatment. Oral administration of
      hEGF had no effect on melphalan induced damage nor on subsequent recovery of
      intestinal mucosa. Activity of hEGF in mice was confirmed by demonstration of
      precocious eyelid opening in newborn mice. No consistent protective or
      restorative effect of hEGF on melphalan-induced intestinal epithelial damage
      could be demonstrated with the doses and schedules used.

PMID- 3877518
TI  - Differences in red cell behaviour between patients with Raynaud's phenomenon and
      systemic sclerosis and patients with Raynaud's disease.
AB  - The 'filterability' and electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes from 42 patients
      with systemic sclerosis and Raynaud's phenomenon were studied and compared with
      the findings from 24 patients with Raynaud's disease and 26 normal controls. Red
      blood cells from patients with systemic sclerosis and Raynaud's phenomenon were
      less filterable (P less than 0.0001) and had decreased electrophoretic mobility
      (P less than 0.001) compared with erythrocytes from patients with Raynaud's
      disease and the controls. There was no significant difference between the values
      from the patients with Raynaud's disease and the controls. These results indicate
      that measurement of erythrocyte filterability and electrophoretic mobility may be
      useful in the differentiation of patients with Raynaud's disease who have no
      underlying collagen disease from those who have Raynaud's phenomenon in
      association with systemic sclerosis.

PMID- 3877519
TI  - Anticentromere antibody: an immunological marker of a subset of systemic
      sclerosis.
AB  - Our clinical and immunological studies of 114 cases of systemic sclerosis, 54 of
      Raynaud's disease and 46 of other connective tissue diseases, centered on the
      diagnostic and prognostic significance of anticentromere antibodies (ACA). The
      ACA occurred in 21 of 84 patients with acrosclerosis, in four of 54 patients with
      Raynaud's disease but in none of 30 patients with diffuse scleroderma or
      transitional form, acrosclerosis-diffuse scleroderma, or 46 cases of other
      connective tissue diseases. The ACA-positive patients had no contracture or
      immobilization of the fingers, the indurations and/or indurative oedema were
      confined to fingers and usually no other types of ANA were detected. However,
      systemic involvement and the course of the disease were comparable in ACA
      negative and ACA-positive acrosclerosis patients. The studies indicate that there
      is a subset of acrosclerosis with minimal indurations confined to the fingers,
      and ACA appears to be its serological marker. We propose to use the term CREST
      for this subset, which to date has not been exactly defined and is regarded by
      some authors as synonymous with acrosclerosis.

PMID- 3877520
TI  - The immunobiology of basal cell carcinoma: an in situ monoclonal antibody study.
AB  - A semi-quantitative, immunoperoxidase monoclonal antibody technique was used to
      study the mononuclear cells surrounding 32 basal cell carcinoma specimens from 30
      patients. Tumours were analysed in subgroups based on recurrence, size and
      ulceration. T cell counts were high (greater than 3 out of 4) for all groups
      while T helper/inducer and T suppressor/cytotoxic cell counts were equal (approx.
      2). Macrophage counts were low for all groups, about I X 2, while B cell and Ia
      positive cell counts were high (greater than 3). T/B cell and T helper/suppressor
      cell ratios approached one for the tumours as a whole as well as the sub-groups.
      The relative importance and contribution of cell mediated vs. humoral immunity in
      keeping basal cell carcinomas in check is discussed.

PMID- 3877521
TI  - Clinical and immunohistological characterization of cutaneous lesions in chronic
      lymphocytic leukaemia.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with immunologically classified B cell chronic lymphocytic
      leukaemia (CLL) were examined for skin lesions. Six showed evidence of cutaneous
      involvement, and histological examination of skin biopsies from these patients
      revealed perivascular lymphocytic infiltration with some diffuse involvement in
      three. Immunohistological analysis with a range of B and T cell specific
      monoclonal antibodies revealed that in all cases the infiltrate was predominantly
      T cell in origin and that epidermotropism in three cases was also associated with
      T cell components. Six control patients with macroscopically normal skin were
      also biopsied and these biopsies subjected to the same assessment. All were
      normal.

PMID- 3877522
TI  - Anti-nuclear RNP antibodies in two sisters.
AB  - Two sisters with clinical elements of mixed connective tissue disease were found
      to have anti-nuclear RNP (nRNP) antibodies. These antibodies were not found in
      the six other family members examined. The sisters had inherited an identical HLA
      haplotype A2-Bw61-Cw3-DR1 from their mother who had had Raynaud's phenomenon for
      several years. Analysis of peripheral lymphocyte subsets in the patients and
      their immediate relatives showed decreased OKT-4-positive cells in one of the
      patients and increased OKT-8-positive cells in both patients, their father and
      their brother, resulting in lower OKT 4/OKT 8 ratios in these members of the
      family. This is the third description of the familial occurrence of anti-nRNP
      antibodies and it adds further evidence for the implication of genetic factors in
      the development of anti-nRNP antibodies.

PMID- 3877523
TI  - Iron overload in subjects with beta-thalassaemia trait: role of idiopathic
      haemochromatosis gene.
AB  - We have characterized HLA antigens in subjects with beta-thalassaemia trait with
      and without iron overload. 50% of the cases with iron overload (v 18% of those
      without iron overload, P less than 0.01) are carriers of HLA-A3, the HLA antigen
      tightly linked to the IH allele. Thus, in a considerable number of these
      subjects, beta-thalassaemia and IH coexist. This association exerts a synergistic
      effect in inducing iron overload.

PMID- 3877525
TI  - Stability of tryptophan during food processing and storage. 2. A comparison of
      methods used for the measurement of tryptophan losses in processed foods.
AB  - Tryptophan losses in stored milk powders and in different model systems
      representing the major reactions of food proteins during processing and storage
      were determined using four different chemical methods and in a rat assay. Similar
      tryptophan values were obtained by the three chemical methods which included high
      pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) after sodium hydroxide hydrolysis,
      colorimetric reaction with p-dimethylamino-benzaldehyde (p-DAB) after barium
      hydroxide hydrolysis, and fluorescence of the Norharman derivative after NaOH
      hydrolysis. Tryptophan losses in the treated proteins as measured by the alkaline
      hydrolysis methods were generally smaller than those determined by the rat assay.
      Good agreement however was obtained when the chemical value was multiplied by the
      true nitrogen digestibility. Determination of tryptophan by reaction with p-DAB
      after papain (EC 3.4.22.2) digestion gave lower values in the processed proteins
      than the other chemical methods or the rat assay. A method using alkaline
      hydrolysis is recommended, preferably combined with HPLC-measurement of the
      liberated tryptophan.

PMID- 3877524
TI  - Role of the posterior capsule in the prevention of postoperative bacterial
      endophthalmitis: experimental primate studies and clinical implications.
AB  - The posterior capsule has an important effect on the risk of postoperative
      bacterial endophthalmitis. In order to investigate whether the posterior capsule
      inhibited the spread of infection into the vitreous we performed extracapsular
      cataract extraction in both eyes of 10 primates. In one eye of each primate the
      posterior capsule was left intact and in the other eye a large posterior
      capsulectomy was performed. When the anterior chambers were challenged with
      equivalent inocula of Staphylococcus aureus, one of 10 eyes with an intact
      posterior capsule developed culture-positive vitreous infection. In contrast,
      nine of 10 eyes with a large posterior capsulectomy developed culture-positive
      vitreous infection. In a second experiment we investigated the effect of an
      intraocular lens on the barrier effect. Ten primates received extracapsular
      cataract extraction in both eyes and pseudophakic implantation. In one eye of
      each primate the posterior capsule was left intact and a J-loop monoplanar lens
      was implanted in the ciliary sulcus. In the other eye of each primate a large
      posterior capsulectomy was followed by implantation of a monoplanar, non-vaulted
      pseudophakos into the anterior chamber. None of the 10 eyes with a posterior
      capsule intact and a posterior chamber lens in place developed positive vitreous
      cultures or histopathological evidence of vitreous infection. Thus the presence
      of a posterior chamber lens did not appreciably compromise the barrier effect of
      the intact posterior capsule. 40% of the eyes with a large posterior capsulectomy
      and a non-vaulted pseudophakos in the anterior chamber developed culture-positive
      vitreous infection, and 60% of the eyes showed histopathological evidence of
      vitreous infection.

PMID- 3877526
TI  - alpha-1-Antitrypsin metabolism in the protein-deficient weanling rat.
AB  - Protein-deficient weanling rats fed on a 30 g casein/kg diet for 3 weeks lost
      albumin but maintained the level of serum alpha-1-antitrypsin, the most abundant
      protease inhibitor in blood. alpha-1-Antitrypsins from malnourished rats and
      control rats (given 250 g casein/kg diet) differed; the protease inhibitor from
      protein-deficient animals: (1) was more acidic, (2) appeared slightly larger (57
      400 v. 56 000 daltons) on sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels, (3)
      had a more acidic Pi type and increased anodal mobility at pH 8.9, (4) bound more
      concanavalin-A and contained more carbohydrate, specifically two to three extra
      sialic acid residues. The amino sugar and neutral sugar contents of both
      preparations of alpha-1-antitrypsin were the same. Analysis of the products of
      cyanogen-bromide cleavage revealed that alpha-1-antitrypsin preparations from
      protein-deficient rats contain an extra glycopeptide that was not present in
      alpha-1-antitrypsin from control animals. In vivo studies showed that the
      increased sialic acid content of alpha-1-antitrypsin of protein-deficient rats
      did not alter the half-life of the molecule in the blood of control rats.
      However, the fractional catabolic rate of alpha-1-antitrypsin from either well
      nourished or protein-deficient rats was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower in
      protein-deficient rats than in control rats (0.0247/h v. 0.0406/h). The decreased
      fractional catabolic rate could not be explained by changes in hepatic mannosyl-,
      galactosyl- or N-acetylhexosaminyl receptors since liver perfusion studies showed
      that bovine serum albumin, when covalently modified separately with each of these
      ligands, was extracted from the perfusion medium as rapidly or more rapidly by
      livers from malnourished animals. Perfused livers from protein-deficient rats
      secrete three times more alpha-1-antitrypsin than do livers from well-nourished
      animals. The decreased fractional catabolic rate and increased rate of
      biosynthesis and secretion of the glycoprotein by livers from protein-deficient
      animals may account for the maintenance of alpha-1-antitrypsin levels during
      protein malnutrition.

PMID- 3877528
TI  - [Interrelation of translation regulation and amino acid uptake into cells].

PMID- 3877527
TI  - Purification and characterization of a low molecular weight cysteine proteinase
      inhibitor from bovine muscle.
AB  - A low-Mr tight binding proteinase inhibitor was purified from bovine muscle by
      alkaline denaturation of cysteine proteinases, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75
      and affinity chromatography on carboxymethyl-papain-Sepharose. Chromatofocusing
      separated three isoforms which are similar in their Mr of about 14 000, their
      stability with heating at 80 degrees C and their inhibitory activity towards
      cathepsin H, cathepsin B and papain. The equilibrium constants (Ki) were
      determined for these three cysteine proteinases but for cathepsin H, association
      (kass) and dissociation (kdiss) rate constants were also evaluated. Ki values of
      56 nM and 8.4 nM were found for cathepsin B and cathepsin H, respectively. For
      papain, Ki was in the range of 0.1-1 nM. The kinetic features of enzyme-inhibitor
      binding suggest a possible role for this low-Mr protein inhibitor in controlling
      'in vivo' cathepsin H proteolytic activity. With regard to cathepsin B, such a
      physiological role was less evident.

PMID- 3877529
TI  - Ultrastructural appearance of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and lymphoid
      leukemias.
AB  - In this report the authors show the main ultrastructural features of malignant
      non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias, trying to outline the more
      important findings useful to diagnostic purpose. Since, from an immunologic point
      of view, lymphoid malignancies reflect the main steps of normal B and T
      ontogenesis, the various tumours are progressively presented in relation to their
      stage of phenotypic differentiation. An exact knowledge of the potential
      information from electron microscopy and its intrinsic limitations, including the
      high cost and the time expense, permit a correct use of this investigation in
      diagnostic procedure in lymphoid malignancies.

PMID- 3877530
TI  - [Reactions of arterial pressure to sciatic nerve A-fiber impulses in decerebrate
      and spinal frogs].
AB  - Contrary to mammals, cutting of the spinal cord on the caudal part of the first
      segment in high-decerebrated nonanesthetized frogs does not evoke any
      statistically significant changes in blood pressure or lead to the depression of
      pressor responses to sciatic nerve A fibres stimulation. The intensity of the
      responses remains unchanged following cordotomy when stimulation frequency is low
      and increases when stimulation frequency is high. The results are believed to
      corroborate the conception on the predominant role of spinal shock in the
      depression of somato-sympathetic reflex reactions in cordotomized mammals.

PMID- 3877531
TI  - [Change in the strength of DNA-protein binding in T- and B-lymphocytes of the
      spleen of C3HA mice during chemical hepatocarcinogenesis].
AB  - The tightness of DNA-protein binding in the nuclei of mouse spleen T- and B
      lymphocytes was assessed, using nucleoprotein celite chromatography, and changes
      in the number of T- and B-suppressors in the course of o-AAT-induced chemical
      hepatocarcinogenesis were studied. Attenuation of DNA-protein bonds in T
      lymphocytes at the early stages (up to 3 months) was observed, and by the time of
      hepatoma formation (8 months) about 50% of T-lymphocyte DNA was loosely bound to
      proteins, which is a typical feature of quiescent cells. In B-lymphocytes
      attenuation of DNA-protein interaction was only observed by the 8th month of
      carcinogenesis. By the time of hepatoma formation the number of T-suppressors in
      mouse spleen increased 2.8-fold, while the number of B-suppressors in lymph nodes
      remained unchanged.

PMID- 3877532
TI  - Gray platelet syndrome: immunoelectron microscopic localization of fibrinogen and
      von Willebrand factor in platelets and megakaryocytes.
AB  - An immunogold method was used for investigating the subcellular localization of
      von Willebrand factor (vWF) and fibrinogen (Fg) in platelets and cultured
      megakaryocytes from normal subjects and from three patients with the gray
      platelet syndrome (GPS), a rare congenital disorder characterized by the absence
      of alpha-granules. In normal platelets at rest, vWF was detected exclusively in
      alpha-granules, with a characteristic distribution: gold particles were localized
      at one pole of each labeled granule, outlining the inner face of its membrane.
      vWF was distributed similarly in the alpha-granules of megakaryocytes at day 12
      of culture, where it was also found in small vesicles near the Golgi complex. In
      contrast, Fg was observed in the whole matrix of all platelet alpha-granules but
      not in the nucleoids. In platelets from three patients with GPS, vWF and Fg were
      distributed homogeneously in the rare normal alpha-granules, which could be
      recognized by their size, and also in small granules identified as abnormal alpha
      granules, which were similar in size to the small, possibly immature granules
      present in normal megakaryocytes. In addition, in some unstimulated platelets, Fg
      labeling was associated with dense material in the lumen of the surface-connected
      canalicular system (SCCS). At day 12 of culture, megakaryocytes from the patients
      with GPS contained some small alpha-granules labeled for Fg and vWF identical to
      those found in mature platelets. The majority of alpha-granules of normal size
      appeared partially or completely empty. Thus, we conclude that vWF is distributed
      differently from Fg in normal alpha-granules, and that unstimulated platelets
      from patients with GPS contain Fg and vWF in a population of small granules
      identifiable as abnormal alpha-granules only by immunoelectron microscopy. In
      addition, the presence of Fg in the SCCS of gray platelets suggests a spontaneous
      release of the alpha-granule content.

PMID- 3877534
TI  - Demonstration of burst-promoting activity of recombinant human GM-CSF on
      circulating erythroid progenitors using an assay involving the delayed addition
      of erythropoietin.
AB  - We demonstrate through the use of an in vitro assay involving the delayed
      addition of erythropoietin that human recombinant GM-CSF, cloned from a mature T
      cell line, Mo, clearly has burst-promoting activity (BPA) on peripheral blood
      erythroid progenitors at picomolar concentrations. Delay for up to 72 hours of
      the addition of erythropoietin to semi-solid methylcellulose cultures of
      concentrated peripheral blood progenitors minimizes or eliminates BPA-independent
      erythroid colony formation with little loss of BPA-dependent erythroid colony
      formation. This assay will prove useful in accurately detecting sources of BPA.

PMID- 3877533
TI  - High-resolution analysis of von Willebrand factor multimeric composition defines
      a new variant of type I von Willebrand disease with aberrant structure but
      presence of all size multimers (type IC).
AB  - In Type I von Willebrand disease, the whole series of von Willebrand factor (vWF)
      multimers is present in plasma, but all are decreased in quantity. No structural
      abnormality of individual multimers has been demonstrated so far in these
      patients. We now describe five individuals, from two unrelated families, who had
      this form of the disease and in whom the complex banding pattern of each vWF
      multimer was markedly abnormal. Inheritance was autosomal dominant and the
      clinical expression was mild. A bleeding history was elicited in three of the
      patients and included recurrent epistaxis, menometrorrhagia, and bleeding
      following tooth extraction. Replacement therapy had never been required. Although
      vWF levels in plasma were within the normal range in all of them, the ristocetin
      cofactor activity was decreased in four, and the bleeding time was prolonged in
      three. Analysis of vWF multimeric structure by agarose gel electrophoresis,
      including a newly developed high-resolution technique, demonstrated that the main
      band of each multimer was present, but a second, well-defined band always seen in
      normal individuals was missing in the patients. Two additional bands had altered
      mobility and were less well defined than in normal subjects, and a fifth, less
      intense band was also undetectable in the patients. Treatment with 1-deamino-8-D
      arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) was assessed in two patients. It caused the
      circulating levels of vWF to increase and correct the bleeding time, but did not
      alter the structural abnormality. This study describes, therefore, a new variant
      form of Type I von Willebrand disease with aberrant structure of individual
      repeating multimers and an associated functional abnormality of vWF. In keeping
      with previously accepted terminology, the designation of Type IC von Willebrand
      disease has been adopted for this new variant.

PMID- 3877535
TI  - Prevention of dopaminergic toxicity of MPTP in mice by phenylethylamine, a
      specific substrate of type B monoamine oxidase.
AB  - N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is toxic to dopaminergic
      neurones in several mammalian species including mice. Combined treatment with
      phenylethylamine prevented in mice the long-term (30 days post-treatment)
      dopamine depletions in striatum induced by MPTP. Phenylethylamine, a naturally
      occurring specific substrate of monoamine oxidase (MAO) type B, probably protects
      against effects of MPTP by competitively inhibiting the oxidative conversion of
      MPTP to its toxic metabolite N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion catalysed by MAO-B.

PMID- 3877536
TI  - Ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia. The validity of computerised
      tomographic findings.
AB  - There has been a considerable range in both the prevalence of ventricular
      enlargement and values for ventricular size of both schizophrenics and controls,
      in studies using computerised tomography (CT). The CT scans of 19 unrelated
      chronic schizophrenics, all of monozygotic (MZ) twin birth, and 36 age-and-sex
      matched normal twins from 18 MZ pairs were examined by linear, planimetric, and
      semi-automated computerised methods. All methods distinguished schizophrenics
      from controls at approximately the same level of significance, but partial volume
      artefact led to a greater than two-fold variation in apparent ventricular size,
      and significantly reduced the validity and reliability of mechanical planimetric
      and linear measures. Measurement error may be an important source of artefact in
      uncontrolled studies using those techniques, and when comparing absolute values
      across studies, but the use of computerised methods should significantly reduce
      this source of artefact and allow more meaningful comparison.

PMID- 3877537
TI  - Compliance.

PMID- 3877538
TI  - A pharmacokinetic comparison of tenoxicam in plasma and synovial fluid.
AB  - In view of the paucity of information on the synovial-fluid pharmacokinetics of
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a long half-life, we have compared the
      pharmacokinetics of tenoxicam (Tilcotil, Mobiflex) in plasma and synovial fluid
      in six patients with polyarthritis causing knee effusion. Plasma and synovial
      fluid concentrations of tenoxicam were measured up to 96 h after an oral dose of
      a single 40 mg tablet. A full pharmacokinetic analysis was performed. Tenoxicam
      passed into synovial fluid attaining a peak concentration significantly later
      than that for plasma. However, the mean half-life for synovial fluid (45 h) was
      not significantly different from that for plasma (42 h). Comparison of area under
      the curve (AUC) indicated the total exposure of the synovial fluid to tenoxicam
      was consistent in different patients, comprising 50-60% of the corresponding
      plasma levels in every case. In the case of tenoxicam, synovial fluid exhibits
      the pharmacokinetic properties of a peripheral 'tissue' compartment.

PMID- 3877539
TI  - Screening for new antirheumatic drugs.

PMID- 3877540
TI  - Antirheumatic medication in pregnancy.

PMID- 3877541
TI  - Embolisation in colonic bleeding.

PMID- 3877542
TI  - Gated thallium tomography--potential for improved accuracy in the detection of
      coronary artery disease.
AB  - Gated thallium-201 myocardial tomography incorporating perfusion profile analysis
      was used alone, to assess left ventricular wall perfusion and left ventricular
      wall movement together in 29 consecutive patients, without prior infarction, who
      presented with chest pain. All patients had had coronary and left ventricular
      angiography. The proportion of false positive perfusion defects was reduced when
      an analysis of corresponding wall movement was made. This combined technique
      resulted in an improved specificity compared with standard 201Tl myocardial
      tomography. This approach shows the functional effect of reversible ischaemia on
      regional myocardial contractility and would appear to be particularly useful in
      the assessment of patients who present with atypical chest pain.

PMID- 3877543
TI  - High resolution SPECT using divergent geometry.
AB  - A special-purpose collimator with holes which converge in the plane of rotation
      has been used together with an IGE 400A gamma camera and STAR computer system in
      order to achieve high-resolution single-photon emission computed tomography
      (SPECT). The variation in width and shape of the reconstructed line-spread
      function with position in the field of view was quantified. A comparison with
      parallel-geometry SPECT showed an improved resolution and sensitivity.

PMID- 3877544
TI  - Observations on regional cerebral blood flow in cortical and subcortical
      structures during language production in normal man.
AB  - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied by single photon emission
      computerized tomography (SPECT) of inhaled xenon-133 in six normal volunteers
      during various language, articulatory, and control conditions. Language
      production increased rCBF in predominantly left-sided cortical and subcortical
      areas. The involved regions were anatomically related to a left frontal area
      (Broca's), to both caudate nuclei, to a left thalamic/pallidal area, and
      bilaterally in retrorolandic areas. The failure to demonstrate lateralized
      retrorolandic activity is thought to reflect the complexity of the tasks.

PMID- 3877545
TI  - Vesicular profiles in frog perineural cells preserved by rapid-freezing and
      freeze-substitution.
AB  - Vesicular profiles in perineurial cells of frog peripheral nerves were examined
      in tissues preserved by rapid-freezing or by conventional chemical fixation.
      Tissues were processed immediately after removal from the animal or after
      remaining in Ringers for several hours. Vesicular profiles were present in
      perineurial cells in all experimental groups, demonstrating that they are not an
      artifact of chemical fixation. However, variations in their morphology correlated
      with the different preservation techniques.

PMID- 3877546
TI  - The effect of sympathectomy on calcitonin gene-related peptide levels in the rat
      trigeminovascular system.
AB  - The effect of sympathectomy on the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) level
      in the rat primary trigeminal sensory neurone was investigated. Six weeks after
      bilateral removal of the superior cervical ganglion there was a 70% rise in the
      CGRP content of the iris and the pial arteries, a 34% rise in the concentration
      in the trigeminal ganglion but no change in the brainstem. The CGRP rise in both
      end organs suggests that this phenomenon may be common to all peripheral organs
      receiving combined sensory and sympathetic innervations. The lack of any rise in
      the brainstem CGRP content raises the possibility that this process spares
      central terminations. In contrast, the level of neuropeptide Y, a peptide mainly
      contained in sympathetic terminals, fell to 35% of control values in the iris and
      pial arteries whilst the trigeminal ganglion and brainstem concentrations
      remained unchanged. The possible relevance of these observations to the clinical
      syndrome of postsympathectomy pain (sympathalgia) is discussed. There are
      similarities between the delayed onset of the human pain state and the delayed
      rise in sensory peptides after sympathectomy.

PMID- 3877547
TI  - Binding sites for corticotropin releasing factor in sensory areas of the rat
      hindbrain and spinal cord.
AB  - Binding sites of 125I-Tyr-O-ovine corticotropin releasing factor have been
      demonstrated in sensory areas of the rat hindbrain and spinal cord mainly in the
      posterior part of the nucleus tractus solitarii, the substantia gelatinosa nervi
      trigemini and the superficial layers of the spinal cord (laminae I and II).
      Specific binding was inhibited in the presence of unlabeled synthetic ovine or
      rat/human CRF indicating that the receptors recognize both forms of CRF.

PMID- 3877548
TI  - Symposium on exercise physiology.

PMID- 3877549
TI  - Exercise physiology. An overview.
AB  - Through the study of equine exercise physiology, one can learn more about what
      happens to the body of the performance horse during all forms of exercise. Better
      understanding of skeletal, joint, tendon, and ligament adaptations to loading and
      stress may allow adjustments to be made in training techniques to reduce the
      incidence of injury. The information obtained from exercise research may also
      facilitate the investigation of questions such as the following: What makes one
      horse perform better than another? How can one bring out the optimal performance
      in each horse? How can one tell when a horse has arrived at its peak performance
      capability? What are the factors that actually limit performance?

PMID- 3877550
TI  - Energy considerations during exercise.
AB  - Maintenance of muscular contraction during exercise requires large amounts of
      chemical energy. Although various sources of energy are available, adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP) is the universal intracellular vehicle of chemical energy
      within skeletal muscle. This article will focus on the various mechanisms of the
      production and breakdown of ATP.

PMID- 3877551
TI  - Hematologic responses to exercise and training.
AB  - Hematology has been widely used in attempts to provide information about disease
      states, performance problems, and fitness in performance horses. However, owing
      to factors such as the temperament of the horse and time of collection and
      feeding, considerable variation in the hemograms can be found. This article
      reviews some of the hematologic responses to exercise and training.

PMID- 3877552
TI  - Cardiovascular adaptations to exercise and training.
AB  - The cardiovascular system provides the link between pulmonary ventilation and
      oxygen usage at the cellular level. During exercise, efficient delivery of oxygen
      to working skeletal and cardiac muscles is vital for maintenance of ATP
      production by aerobic mechanisms. The equine cardiovascular response to increased
      demand for oxygen delivery during exercise contributes largely to the over 35
      fold increases in oxygen uptake that occur during submaximal exercise. Cardiac
      output during exercise increases greatly owing to the relatively high heart rates
      that are achieved during exercise. Heart rate increases proportionately with
      workload until heart rates close to maximal are attained. It is remarkable that
      exercise heart rates six to seven times resting values are not associated with a
      fall in stroke volume, which is maintained by splenic contraction, increased
      venous return, and increased myocardial contractibility. Despite the great
      changes in cardiac output, increases in blood pressure during exercise are
      maintained within relatively smaller limits, as both pulmonary and systemic
      vascular resistance to blood flow is reduced. Redistribution of blood flow to the
      working muscles during exercise also contributes greatly to the efficient
      delivery of oxygen to sites of greatest need. Higher work rates and oxygen uptake
      at submaximal heart rates after training imply an adaptation due to training that
      enables more efficient oxygen delivery to working muscle. Such an adaptation
      could be in either blood flow or arteriovenous oxygen content difference. Cardiac
      output during submaximal exercise does not increase after training, but studies
      using high-speed treadmills and measurement of cardiac output at maximal heart
      rates may reveal improvements in maximal oxygen uptake due to increased stroke
      volumes, as occurs in humans. Improvements in hemoglobin concentrations in blood
      during exercise after training are recognized, but at maximal exercise, hypoxemia
      may reduce arterial oxygen content. More effective redistribution of cardiac
      output to muscles by increased capillarization and more efficient oxygen
      diffusion to cells may also be an important means of increasing oxygen uptake
      after training.

PMID- 3877553
TI  - Locomotion and gait analysis.
AB  - Gait analysis can play an important role in exercise physiology, racetrack
      ergonomics, lameness prophylaxis, and assessment of performance potential in
      racehorses. This article concentrates on the methods used for gait analysis and
      considers some basic data on the different gaits of the horse.

PMID- 3877554
TI  - Exercise testing.
AB  - In the athletic horse, an exercise test may be required to measure the adaptation
      of the animal to a specific training program; to modify the training program in
      response to the progress achieved; to investigate the reasons for failure to
      perform at the expected level; and to form part of an overall clinical
      examination of a horse with a specific disability. This article includes
      information on the scope and form of an exercise test, the parameters measured
      during the test and their interpretation, treadmill and track tests, and the
      clinical applications of exercise tests.

PMID- 3877555
TI  - Training programs.
AB  - A training program is designed with the aim of developing the specific
      physiologic capabilities required to perform a certain type of exercise. Such
      capabilities involve the psychologic familiarity with, and acceptance of, the
      required tasks, the development of the neuromuscular coordination to perform
      these tasks optimally, and the utilization of energy by the working muscles. This
      article presents some basic principles for the design of training programs and
      offers ideas on how these principles may be applied to the conditioning of
      horses.

PMID- 3877556
TI  - Course of angina 1 to 12 years after aortocoronary bypass surgery related to
      changes in grafts and native coronary arteries.
AB  - Among 500 patients who received aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts at the
      Montreal heart Institute between September 1969 and August 1972, the condition in
      88% of survivors with respect to angina pectoris was improved 1 year after
      surgery and 47% were still better after 12 years. One year after grafting, 202
      patients underwent follow-up angiography; symptoms of angina had lessened in 89%
      who had at least one graft patent but in only 57.5% of those with all grafts
      occluded. This difference was still obvious 12 years after surgery. Loss of
      improvement decreased at a mean annual rate of 3.7%. Of the 59 angina-free
      patients at 1 year who had angiographic follow-up at 10 to 12 years, angina
      developed subsequently in 30 (51%); 25 (83%) of these were found to have
      obstructive changes that reduced the lumen by at least 50% in grafts or in
      ungrafted coronary arteries, compared with only 13 (45%) of the 29 angina-free
      patients who did not have angina subsequently. Improvement in the degree of
      angina and its recurrence after bypass surgery are closely related to graft
      patency and subsequent development of atherosclerosis in the grafts or in the
      native coronary arteries.

PMID- 3877557
TI  - Determinants of risk for coronary artery bypass grafting in stable and unstable
      angina pectoris.
AB  - Although the operative risk and morbidity associated with coronary artery bypass
      grafting for chronic stable angina is exceptionally low, clinical and
      angiographic factors exist that may predict differing outcomes in patient
      subsets. Forty-five variables were prospectively recorded on all 1302 patients
      who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting at Toronto General Hospital over a
      24-month period. Twelve selected variables were analysed by univariate and
      multivariate techniques. The patients were divided in two groups depending upon
      their clinical presentation (stable versus unstable angina) and the timing of
      surgery (elective versus urgent). The results of risk-factor analysis revealed
      that the unstable cohort had four predictors for operative mortality: sex, age,
      left ventricular function and left main coronary stenosis greater than 50%,
      whereas the stable cohort had only three predictors: sex, age and left
      ventricular function. The results for postoperative morbidity (perioperative
      myocardial infarction or low-output syndrome) showed that the unstable cohort had
      six predictors: sex, age, left ventricular function, timing of surgery, extent of
      coronary artery disease and the type of myocardial protection used. The stable
      cohort had only three predictors of morbidity, the same as for mortality. This
      analysis of multiple risk factors on patients grouped according to stability and
      timing of surgery clearly demonstrated determinants of risk in the two groups
      (operative mortality for the stable group of 2.9% versus 5.4% for the unstable
      group, and perioperative infarction rate for the stable group of 9.1% and for the
      unstable group of 13.7%).

PMID- 3877558
TI  - Technetium-99m-labelled red blood cell scanning to diagnose occult
      gastrointestinal bleeding.
AB  - The authors, from their experience in 60 patients, demonstrate that technetium
      99m-labelled red blood cell scintigraphy is a sensitive (91%) and specific (76%)
      diagnostic procedure with a high predictive value, when both positive (81%) and
      negative (92%). It is preferable to and more cost-effective than selective
      angiography as a first-line diagnostic test for occult gastrointestinal bleeding.

PMID- 3877559
TI  - Smoking and health care patterns among pregnant women.
AB  - A population-based hospital survey of 3628 women in the postpartum period was
      conducted in the Ottawa-Carleton region in 1983 to determine the prevalence of
      smoking before and during pregnancy, the demographic and socioeconomic
      characteristics of women who smoke during pregnancy and the use of health care
      services by these women. Of the 3628 women 91% completed a full-length
      questionnaire and 4% completed a shorter questionnaire. Before pregnancy 37.4% of
      the women smoked cigarettes. Overall, 61.1% of the smokers changed their smoking
      habit: 31.1% stopped, 28.1% decreased the amount smoked and 2.0% increased the
      amount smoked. Two thirds of the women who stopped smoking did so as soon as they
      realized they were pregnant. Over 50% of teenagers, single women, women living
      common-law and women with less than a grade 11 education smoked after the 3rd
      month of pregnancy. The physician is in an ideal position to identify as soon as
      possible pregnant women who smoke and to initiate a health education program.
      Only a few women who smoked during pregnancy attended early prenatal classes.
      Physicians and class organizers must work to improve this situation if such
      classes are to have an impact on smoking during pregnancy.

PMID- 3877560
TI  - Abnormal/normal metaphase ratio and prognosis in chronic B-lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Cytogenetic analysis was performed in B-cell mitogen-stimulated leukemic cell
      cultures from 55 patients with chronic B-lymphocytic leukemia. Clonal chromosomal
      aberrations were found in the cells of 33 patients, whereas 10 patients were
      cytogenetically normal. For 12 patients, too few metaphases were found to enable
      proper evaluation of the karyotype. The patients were subdivided into four groups
      according to the ratio between the number of metaphases with abnormal and normal
      chromosome patterns: AA, patients with only abnormal (A) metaphases; A/N high,
      patients with both abnormal and normal (NN metaphases and an A/N ratio greater
      than 0.5; A/N low, patients with an A/N ratio less than 0.5; NN, patients with
      only normal metaphases. In a log rank analysis, increasing A/N ratio was
      significantly associated with poor survival (p = 0.025). Four AA patients had a
      median survival of 6 months, whereas the 5-year probability of survival was 0.62
      for the A/N high group, 0.92 for the A/N low group, and 1.0 for the NN group.

PMID- 3877561
TI  - Lysis of fresh human tumour cells by autologous tumour-associated lymphocytes:
      two distinct types of autologous tumour killer cells induced by co-culture with
      autologous tumour.
AB  - The specific and natural killer (NK)-restricted nature of auto-tumour
      cytotoxicity of tumour-associated lymphocytes was studied in cancer patients with
      malignant pleural effusions. Large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and small T
      lymphocytes were isolated from carcinomatous pleural effusions by centrifugation
      on discontinuous Percoll gradients. Tumour cells freshly isolated from pleural
      effusions were classified according to their susceptibility to lysis by Percoll
      purified LGL from the blood of normal donors in a 4-h 51Cr release assay. Of 12
      NK-sensitive tumour samples, 11 were killed by autologous fresh effusion LGL,
      whereas only 2 were lysed by autologous T cells. Neither LGL nor T cells were
      cytotoxic to NK-resistant autologous tumour cells. T cells and LGL were each
      cultured in vitro with autologous tumour cells for 6 days. Effusion LGL
      maintained their auto-tumour killing activity in 10 of 12 autologous mixed
      lymphocyte-tumour cultures (MLTC) with NK-sensitive tumour, while LGL lost the
      activity when cultured alone. Removal of high-affinity sheep erythrocyte
      rosetting cells from Percoll-purified LGL enriched effector cells. Autologous
      MLTC-derived LGL could also kill NK-sensitive allogeneic effusion tumour cells
      and K562 cells, as did fresh LGL. In autologous MLTC LGL failed to acquire lytic
      function to NK-resistant autologous tumour cells. In contrast, in vitro
      activation of effusion T cells with autologous tumour cells induced auto-tumour
      killer cells in 9 of 12 NK-sensitive tumour samples and 3 of 6 NK-resistant
      tumour cases. However, cultured T cells were incapable of killing allogeneic
      tumour cells and K562 cells. In the autologous MLTC effusion T cells proliferated
      vigorously in response to autologous tumour cells, whereas LGL showed no
      proliferation. The enrichment of blasts from cultured T cells on discontinuous
      Percoll gradients resulted in an enhancement of auto-tumour cytotoxicity, with no
      reactions recorded in blast-depleted, small, resting T cells. These results
      indicate that two distinct types of auto-tumour-recognising lymphocytes, LGL and
      T cells, are present in carcinomatous pleural effusions of cancer patients and
      that each effector type recognises different membrane moieties of autologous
      effusion tumour cells.

PMID- 3877562
TI  - Evaluation of circulating immune complexes in lymphomas and leukemias using two
      different assays.
AB  - Circulating immune complexes (CICs) have been detected in the sera of patients
      with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin's disease, chronic myeloid leukemia,
      and acute lymphoblastic leukemia by using C1q-binding and L1210-binding assays.
      Both assays gave broadly similar patterns of reactivity in terms of frequency and
      magnitude, though there are some differences. Significantly elevated CIC levels
      were observed in all pathologic groups. However, sera from NHL patients with an
      unfavorable prognosis consistently exhibited the highest frequency of positive
      values and mean CIC levels in both these assays. The two tests showed concordance
      in 66.6% of the NHL patients' sera and were significantly correlated. Of the sera
      from NHL patients 12.7% were positive in the C1q-binding assay only and 15.9% in
      the L1210-binding assay only. Both the assays gave positive results in some
      patients, and a degree of overlap indicates the presence of different types of
      CIC in cancer patients' sera. The combined use of two methods for detecting CICs
      may be useful for evaluation of the activity, the extent, and the prognosis of
      the malignant disease.

PMID- 3877563
TI  - Clinical importance of circulating immune complexes in human acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia.
AB  - A total of 122 sera from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients were
      analyzed for circulating immune complexes (CIC) by two methods: the 125I-Clq
      binding assay and the polyethylene glycol precipitation test (PEG). The results
      were correlated with induction, remission and relapse stages of the disease.
      Using the first method the levels of CIC in induction were 15.18 +/- 9.15, with
      19/29 positive cases (65.50%), P less than 0.001 compared with controls. In the
      remission phase the levels were 9.02 +/- 5.62, 11/45 (24.49%) nonsignificant P
      value, and in relapse they were 16.14 +/- 11.17 28/48 (58.33%) P less than 0.001.
      The PEG precipitation test results were: 0.33 +/- 0.10, 8/22 (36.36%); 0.24 +/-
      0.11, 10/48 (20.83%) and 0.28 +/- 0.10, 6/28 (21.42%), respectively. Thus the
      values of CIC as measured by PEG in the three clinical of phases ALL did not
      differ significantly from controls. This contrasts with results obtained by the
      radioiodinated C1q binding assay, where the incidence of positive values was
      significantly higher in induction and in relapse and lower in the remission
      phase. These observations were extended in sequential vertical studies performed
      in a group of patients. These results suggest that raised CIC detected by the
      125I-C1q method may reflect a progressive state in ALL and that quantitation of
      these immune complexes may provide an adequate biochemical marker for prognosis.

PMID- 3877564
TI  - Regulation of anchorage-independent growth by thyroid hormone in type 5
      adenovirus-transformed rat embryo cells.
AB  - We have analyzed the effect of triiodothyronine and the tumor promoter 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on expression of the transformed phenotype, as
      monitored by agar clonigenicity, in a single cell clone of type 5 adenovirus
      transformed Sprague-Dawley rat embryo cells, E11, and a nude mouse tumor-derived
      E11 subclone, E11-NMT. When grown in medium devoid of thyroid hormone, the
      cloning efficiency of E11 and E11-NMT cells was 1 and 19%, respectively, whereas
      continuous exposure to triiodothyronine (1 nm) resulted in cloning efficiencies
      of 3% for E11 cells and 50% for E11-NMT cells. In addition, the average size of
      agar colonies was larger when cells were grown in the presence of thyroid
      hormone. The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (100 ng/ml)
      could substitute for triiodothyronine, resulting in agar cloning efficiencies
      similar to those found in cells grown in medium containing this hormone. In
      contrast, the presence or absence of triiodothyronine did not alter the
      population doubling time or saturation density of E11 or E11-NMT cells. Although
      both normal Sprague-Dawley rat embryo and type 5 adenovirus-transformed E11 and
      E11-NMT cells contained nuclear triiodothyronine receptors with similar
      affinities, the number of thyroid hormone receptors was lower in the virally
      transformed cells. Growth of E11-NMT cells in medium containing or lacking
      thyroid hormone did not alter the ability of these cells to bind 125I-labeled
      epidermal growth factor. In addition, the quantity of transforming polypeptide
      growth factor(s), secreted into serum-free medium, which was capable of competing
      with labeled epidermal growth factor for binding to its receptors on a cloned
      Fischer rat embryo cell line (CREF) and inducing agar growth in normally
      anchorage-dependent CREF cells was similar in E11-NMT cells grown in medium
      containing or depleted of thyroid hormone. Growth of E11-NMT cells in medium
      lacking triiodothyronine did not alter transcriptional rates of RNA produced by
      the viral transforming genes, E1a and E1b, or the level of a Mr 21,000
      polypeptide encoded by E1b. These findings indicate that thyroid hormone can
      modulate expression of the transformed phenotype in type 5 adenovirus-transformed
      cells without directly modifying expression of type 5 adenovirus-transforming
      genes.

PMID- 3877565
TI  - Invasiveness of T-cell hybridomas in vitro and their metastatic potential in
      vivo.
AB  - BW5147 lymphoma cells, which are noninvasive and nonmetastatic, were fused with
      normal T-lymphocytes. The invasiveness of the generated T-cell hybridomas was
      tested in hepatocyte cultures, and their metastatic potential was tested by tail
      vein injection. A total of 29 hybridomas generated from alloantigen-activated T
      cells were all found to be invasive. One of these cell lines rapidly lost
      invasiveness in culture. Most hybridomas generated from nonstimulated spleen T
      cells were also invasive, but 5 of 27 were not. Six invasive and four noninvasive
      hybridomas were injected into the tail vein of syngeneic mice. All invasive cell
      lines caused extensive and widespread tumor growth, particularly in the liver,
      which was usually severalfold enlarged; the spleen; kidneys; and ovaries. In
      contrast the noninvasive hybrids, which were tumorigenic upon s.c. injection, did
      not form any metastases. We conclude that properties derived from normal T-cells,
      when introduced into noninvasive T-lymphoma cells, cause them to become invasive
      as well as metastatic. Furthermore for this tumor cell type invasiveness as
      measured in hepatocyte cultures appears to be closely associated with the ability
      to colonize organs from the bloodstream.

PMID- 3877566
TI  - Inhibition of endometrial carcinoma cell cultures by a synthetic androgen.
AB  - This paper describes the dose-response inhibitory effects of a synthetic
      androgen, methyltrienolone, on the growth of a grade II endometrial
      adenocarcinoma in vitro. Derived from a nude mouse heterotransplant, this cell
      line has maintained the morphological characteristics of the original human
      tumor, remains tumorigenic in the nude mouse, forms colonies on soft agar, and
      exhibits low levels of estrogen receptors. Data reported in this paper indicate
      that the cells contain androgen binding sites. At low doses of 0.25 micrograms/ml
      methyltrienolone had no effect on these cells, whereas at 1.0 and 10.0
      micrograms/ml there was significant dose dependent inhibition of cell growth and
      an increase in the cell doubling time. Both testosterone and dihydrotestosterone
      were not inhibitory to the cells except at high doses where inhibition was
      slight. Methyltrienolone was not inhibitory to normal human foreskin fibroblast
      cultures tested as a control for cytotoxicity of the synthetic androgen. These
      data suggest that androgens may play a role in the treatment of tumors not
      responsive to conventional forms of hormonal therapy.

PMID- 3877567
TI  - Enhanced immune recognition of H-2 antigen-deficient murine lung carcinoma cells
      following treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide.
AB  - Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has previously been shown to increase the surface
      expression of H-2K and H-2D antigens on cultured line 1 carcinoma cells. H-2
      densities increase from initial levels barely detectable with flow cytometry to
      those found on normal BALB/c spleen cells. Here we compare the susceptibilities
      of untreated and DMSO-treated line 1 cells to lysis mediated by H-2d specific
      monoclonal antibodies and complement, cytotoxic T-cells, and natural killer
      cells. Induced H-2 antigens appear to function normally in that DMSO-treated
      cells are highly susceptible to all types of H-2 restricted immune lysis, whereas
      untreated line 1 cells are not. DMSO does not increase lysis of line 1 cells
      mediated by natural killer cells. Our results suggest that DMSO could be used to
      make the growth of major histocompatibility complex antigen-deficient tumors more
      sensitive to T-cell-mediated immunological resistance.

PMID- 3877568
TI  - Effects of nucleoside transport inhibitors on the salvage and toxicity of
      adenosine and deoxyadenosine in L1210 and P388 mouse leukemia cells.
AB  - Incubation of deoxycoformycin-treated L1210 leukemia cells with dipyridamole or
      nitrobenzylthioinosine, inhibitors of nucleoside transport, enhanced the long
      term incorporation of 2'-deoxyadenosine and adenosine into the nucleotide pool
      and the toxicity of 2'-deoxyadenosine for the cells. In contrast, 2'
      deoxyadenosine uptake in deoxycoformycin-treated P388 leukemia cells, which was
      about 10 times greater than that in L1210 cells, was inhibited by dipyridamole
      and nitrobenzylthioinosine, and 2'-deoxyadenosine toxicity was not significantly
      affected by the transport inhibitors. P388 cells also were about 6 times more
      resistant to 2'-deoxyadenosine than were L1210 cells, in spite of the greater
      uptake of the nucleoside. We found that purine nucleoside transport in L1210 and
      P388 cells exhibited similar kinetic properties and sensitivity to dipyridamole
      and nitrobenzylthioinosine (both influx and efflux) and that the stimulation of
      2'-deoxyadenosine uptake by the inhibitors in L1210 cells is not mediated at the
      level of its transport into the cells but rather reflects an enhanced
      intracellular net accumulation of deoxyadenosine nucleotides.

PMID- 3877569
TI  - The effect of substrate modification on binding of porcine pancreatic alpha
      amylase: hydrolysis of modified amylose containing D-allose residues.
AB  - A modified amylose containing 10% of tritiated D-allose residues has been
      hydrolyzed by porcine pancreatic alpha amylase (PPA). This reaction produced a
      number of radioactive oligosaccharides of low molecular weight, including
      modified mono-, di-, and tri-saccharides, as well as larger products. Analysis of
      these products by chemical and enzymic methods identified D-allose, two isomers
      of modified maltose, and isomers of modified maltotriose. These results may be
      interpreted in terms of current PPA models to indicate that D-allose residues may
      be productively bound at all five subsites of the active site of the enzyme. The
      distribution of modified residues in these products, however, further suggests
      that productive binding of D-allose at the subsite where catalytic attack occurs
      (subsite 3) is less favorable than binding of D-glucose. These results are
      compared with results of a series of PPA substrates having modifications at C-3
      and at other positions. Trends observed in enzyme hydrolysis of these modified
      substrates reflect factors that contribute to PPA catalysis, with respect to
      steric, electronic, and hydrogen-bonding interactions between enzyme and
      substrate.

PMID- 3877570
TI  - [Lymphocyte responsiveness in the peripheral blood to nonspecific mitogens and
      the TH and TS lymphocyte subpopulation in progressive polyarthritis].

PMID- 3877571
TI  - [Longitudinal study of patients with ischemic heart disease before and after
      aortocoronary bypass surgery. Development of basic anthropometric data,
      cardiologic measurements at rest and the ECG under stress].

PMID- 3877572
TI  - Aberrant main left coronary artery in a patient with unstable angina.
AB  - A patient with significant obstructive coronary artery disease in an anomalous
      left main coronary artery arising from the right coronary artery is reported. The
      combination of this coronary anomaly with main left atherosclerotic disease is
      noteworthy and presented no surgical technical problem.

PMID- 3877573
TI  - Coronary atherosclerosis and the bypass grafts: twenty-year follow-up of a case.
AB  - A 44-year-old man was diagnosed as having coronary artery disease (CAD) by
      arteriography in 1964. In the subsequent 20 years, he has undergone seven
      angiographic studies and four coronary bypass operations. Close scrutiny of the
      clinical events and the angiographic studies in this patient offers important
      clues to the behavior of CAD and the bypass grafts, both internal mammary artery
      (IMA) and saphenous vein grafts (SVGs).

PMID- 3877574
TI  - [Endoscopic sclerotherapy of hemorrhage from esophageal varices--an evaluation of
      4 years' experience].

PMID- 3877575
TI  - Immunohistochemical detection of epidermal growth factor in submandibular gland
      tumours of mice administered testosterone.
AB  - Immunohistochemical identification of epidermal growth factor (EGF) is described
      in experimental carcinoma of the submandibular gland of mice given testosterone
      before sacrifice. EGF in the submandibular gland was confined to the granular
      convoluted tubule (GCT) cells, and its level was enhanced following testosterone
      injection. In the initial phase of carcinogenesis of the gland, degranulation of
      the GCT cells occurred as well as decreased EGF staining in the degranulated
      cells. In the testosterone-treated animals, changed GCT cells showed intense EGF
      deposition. Histological aspects during carcinogenesis in submandibular glands
      indicated duct-like structures, squamous metaplasia, and squamous cell types of
      carcinoma with different keratinization. Immunohistochemically detectable EGF was
      characterized by positive staining in pre-neoplastic or early neoplastic
      epithelial structures in testosterone-treated mice. However, tumour epithelia did
      not show any EGF reaction.

PMID- 3877576
TI  - Surgery in the treatment of coronary artery disease. Bethesda, Maryland,
      September 1984.

PMID- 3877577
TI  - Determination of alpha-amylase in biological fluids using a new substrate (beta-2
      chloro-4-nitrophenyl-maltopentaoside).
AB  - A novel substrate, beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside (beta CNPG5), was
      used for the enzyme-coupled determination of alpha-amylase in biological fluids.
      It was hydrolyzed specifically by alpha-amylase to about 90% producing beta-2
      chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltoside (beta CNPG2) and maltotriose. Under the assay
      conditions, the absorption of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (CNP) generated by the
      secondary reaction of alpha-glucosidase and beta-glucosidase as auxiliary enzymes
      is about twice the absorption of 4-nitrophenol (PNP), which is the end product
      currently measured in some alpha-amylase assay methods. The sensitivity of the
      assay using beta CNPG5 was thus much higher than that using 4-nitrophenyl
      maltopentaoside (PNPG5) as substrate. The absorption of CNP did not fluctuate
      with temperature or with pH between 6.8 and 7.2, which are the conditions
      normally used for determination of amylase activity in biological fluids.

PMID- 3877578
TI  - Orthotolidine test not to be used for detection of blood in gastric juice.

PMID- 3877579
TI  - Plasma alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in liver disease.
AB  - We studied 229 patients with biopsy verified liver disease and compared the
      plasma levels of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-antitrypsin. We found a
      significant overall correlation between alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and alpha 1
      antitrypsin levels (r = 0.50, p less than 0.001). The strongest correlations were
      found in patients with chronic active hepatitis (r = 0.76, p less than 0.0001)
      and alcohol hepatitis (r = 0.60, p less than 0.001). Several clinical subgroups
      lacked correlation. Unexpectedly high alpha 1-antichymotrypsin values were found
      in patients with venous congestion. We also used the alpha 1
      antichymotrypsin/alpha 1-antitrypsin ratio as a tool to identify PiZ carriers
      (intermediate alpha 1-antitrypsin-deficiency, PiZ). The sensitivity and
      predictive values were low and did not exceed that obtained by the simple use of
      an isolated alpha 1-antitrypsin determination. A small subgroup with low alpha 1
      antichymotrypsin/alpha 1-antitrypsin ratio included patients with chronic active
      hepatitis of unknown etiology. Hypo-alpha 1-antichymotrypsinemia may be secondary
      to the liver disease per se or be an expression of an abnormal genetic trait.

PMID- 3877580
TI  - Irritable bowel syndrome: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 3877581
TI  - Alcohol-related symptoms.

PMID- 3877582
TI  - Use of HLA marker associations and HLA haplotype linkage to estimate disease
      risks in families with gluten-sensitive enteropathy.
AB  - Based on a two-locus, double recessive model, we derive formulas for the risks
      that relatives of individuals with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE) will also
      develop the disease. The calculations take advantage of: the linkage between the
      HLA locus and one of the two proposed GSE loci, and the preferential association
      of the HLA-DR3 and DR7 alleles with the GSE disease allele that occupies the HLA
      linked locus. We use Bayes' rule to quantitate the strength of the association
      between the GSE disease allele and the HLA marker allele. This method predicts
      that siblings of the proband have an overall 10% risk for GSE, which is
      consistent with observed family data. This predicted risk rises to 30% when
      siblings are HLA-identical to the proband (also consistent with observed data) or
      when the sibling has the DR3 allele in the HLA haplotypes not shared with the
      proband. In those populations where DR7 also is associated with GSE, siblings of
      probands have a 10% predicted risk for GSE when only one HLA haplotype is shared
      with the proband and DR7 is included in the unshared haplotype. Other DR alleles
      are associated with much lower disease risks. By separating individuals into high
      and low risk groups, HLA typing identifies those individuals who would benefit
      from further diagnostic procedures. This general strategy should be applicable to
      other multilocus, marker-associated diseases.

PMID- 3877583
TI  - Monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies: an approach to studying SLE nephritis.
AB  - Several data suggest that the glomerular deposits of DNA and anti-DNA antibodies
      observed in SLE result from complex formation in situ. The aim of this study was
      to investigate this hypothesis in normal C57BL/6 mice by using monoclonal anti
      DNA antibodies (mAb). Renal localization of intravenously introduced ds DNA was
      demonstrated in mice injected intraperitoneally with LPS 48 h before. Then, a
      single IgG2b or a mixture of IgG2a and IgG2b anti-ds DNA mAb were given with the
      aim of forming DNA: anti-DNA complexes at the glomerular level. No immunoglobulin
      deposits were observed regardless of the antibody dose used. The mAb used may
      possess some of the qualitative properties suspected to be nephritogenic. Thus,
      the limiting factors in the induction of a passive nephritis could be either the
      absence of glomerular DNA deposits or the inability by using a single antigen
      antibody system, to recreate the pathophysiological conditions seen in SLE, where
      a high number of antigen-antibody systems is implicated in the genesis, of
      glomerular lesions.

PMID- 3877585
TI  - Treatment of childhood renal osteodystrophy with calcitriol or ergocalciferol.
AB  - Quantitative bone histology, biochemistry and height velocities were studied in
      18 children suffering from chronic renal failure. Eight received calcitriol, 7
      ergocalciferol and 3, though alloted to a treatment group, failed to comply with
      therapy. A histochemical stain for aluminum showed heavy deposition at the
      calcification front in 3 patients; 2, in the calcitriol group had severe
      osteomalacia which worsened during treatment, and 1 in the ergocalciferol group
      had osteomalacia which did not improve. One had never undergone hemodialysis.
      Bone histology improved markedly in the remaining 12 patients, whichever vitamin
      D preparation was used; it was unchanged in 3 non-compliant children. Plasma
      calcium levels rose while parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase levels
      fell following both treatments, and were unchanged in non-compliant children.
      Hypercalcemia occurred more frequently following calcitriol therapy (11 episodes)
      than following ergocalciferol therapy (3 episodes). Height velocities, studied in
      11 children, increased in 5 (3 on ergocalciferol and 2 on calcitriol) and were
      unchanged in 6 (1 on ergocalciferol, 5 on calcitriol). Improved bone histology
      did not correlate with increase in height velocity. As ergocalciferol and
      calcitriol had similar therapeutic effects and as side-effects were more common
      with calcitriol, it is concluded that calcitriol provides no advantage over
      ergocalciferol in the treatment of renal bone disease in children.

PMID- 3877586
TI  - CASS November 1983: two years later.

PMID- 3877587
TI  - [Effect of corticosteroids on the motor end-plate fine structure in experimental
      autoimmune myasthenia gravis rats and normal rats].

PMID- 3877584
TI  - Surface glycoproteins as markers of the cellular status of B chronic lymphocytic
      leukaemia lymphocytes.
AB  - The phenotype of B CLL cells is investigated with respect to their surface
      glycoproteins. These glycoproteins are identified by vectorial tritiation
      followed by 1 and 2 dimensional gel electrophoresis, and by lectin and MoAb
      binding using immunoprecipitation and flow cytometry. The profiles of the CLL
      cells are compared with those of normal B cells, prepared from tonsils, and T
      cells from peripheral blood. The CLL cells show many similarities with T cells,
      particularly the expression of glycoproteins which bind the MoAbs gpL 115, F10-44
      2 and EZB 52, and a complex set of binding sites for Helix pomatia lectin. The
      significance of these observations in terms of the cellular origins of the
      leukaemic lymphocytes is discussed.

PMID- 3877588
TI  - Serendipitous detection of an errant central venous catheter.
AB  - The inappropriate placement of a patient's central venous catheter in the pleural
      space by the serendipitous injection of Tc-99m labeled red blood cells through
      the catheter during a GI bleeding study was discovered. Position and patency of
      central venous lines can be incidentally evaluated by using existing central
      venous catheters for administration of radiopharmaceuticals during radionuclide
      imaging studies.

PMID- 3877589
TI  - Gastrointestinal bleeding in an incarcerated hiatal hernia.

PMID- 3877590
TI  - Gallium-67 scintigraphy in acquired immune deficiency syndrome complicated by
      Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

PMID- 3877591
TI  - Genetic considerations in clefts of the lip and palate.
AB  - Appropriate genetic counseling depends on a correct diagnosis and on the correct
      application of the principles of human genetics. Current concepts concerning the
      classification of malformations and malformation syndromes are considered in an
      approach to evaluation and counseling that will be useful to the medical
      professional involved in management of patients with clefts.

PMID- 3877592
TI  - Evaluation and treatment planning for patients with cleft lip and cleft palate.
AB  - The Oral-Facial and Communicative Disorders Program of the University of North
      Carolina has provided comprehensive diagnostic evaluation and inpatient and
      outpatient treatment for patients with cleft lip, cleft palate, and related
      problems for 22 years. A major aspect of the program is the initial diagnostic
      evaluation of patients and long-term follow-up evaluation of the results of
      treatment. The Oral-Facial and Communicative Disorders Program acts as both a
      consultant in providing requested information to referring professionals and
      agencies and also as a multi- and interdisciplinary treatment center. The nature
      of the evaluation process and the manner in which findings and recommendations
      are agreed upon in order that a comprehensive and coherent treatment plan can be
      established has been presented. It has been stressed that the needs of the
      patient can best be met by representatives from disciplines important to the
      diagnosis and management of patients with cleft lip and cleft palate who can meet
      together, and after discussion and negotiation arrive at a consensus for every
      aspect of treatment that is required, as well as a time that is most desirable
      for each patient.

PMID- 3877593
TI  - The athlete's mouthpiece.

PMID- 3877594
TI  - Fluoride retention in children using self-applied topical fluoride products.

PMID- 3877595
TI  - Measuring the stickiness of pits and fissures in enamel.

PMID- 3877596
TI  - Posttreatment benefits in a school-based fluoride mouthrinsing program. Increased
      benefits associated with increasing participation.

PMID- 3877597
TI  - Enamel erosion and saliva.

PMID- 3877598
TI  - Carbohydrate consumption and oral status of diabetic and nondiabetic young
      adolescents.

PMID- 3877599
TI  - In vivo pH of plaque-covered and plaque-free interdental surfaces in humans
      following a sucrose rinse.

PMID- 3877600
TI  - Choosing an effective toothbrush. A risky venture.

PMID- 3877601
TI  - Persistent transverse articulation of the sternal body with monarthritis.
AB  - Monarthritis of the manubriosternal joint is a known but uncommon disease. A case
      is presented with the tissue type HLA-B27 and monarthritis of a persistent
      transverse articulation of the sternal body. To our knowledge this is a unique
      case, but with the same etiology as similar changes of the manubrio-sternal
      joint.

PMID- 3877602
TI  - The vestibular aqueduct syndrome: computed tomographic appearance.
AB  - We have recently examined three young patients with congenital unilateral
      profound sensorineural hearing loss. On computed tomography the only abnormality
      discovered was a remarkably enlarged vestibular aqueduct on the abnormal side.
      The vestibular aqueduct syndrome is an important cause of congenital hearing
      loss. Although this finding has been well illustrated with conventional
      multidirectional tomography, there has been little emphasis on the computed
      tomographic appearance.

PMID- 3877603
TI  - The early chest radiographic changes of Pneumocystis pneumonia.
AB  - In a retrospective 3-year survey, 14 immunosuppressed patients from a renal unit
      were diagnosed as having Pneumocystis pneumonia. All 14 patients had a chest
      radiograph taken within 48 h of the onset of the acute illness. In only three out
      of the 14 cases did the radiograph show 'classical' bilateral perihilar
      infiltration: In six the film was normal and in five there were minimal non
      specific changes only. We conclude that normal radiographic appearances are
      common in the early stages of Pneumocystis pneumonia and 'classical' radiological
      features are rarely seen.

PMID- 3877604
TI  - Radiographic features in patients with pulmonary manifestations of the acquired
      immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - The radiographic findings in 14 episodes of pulmonary pathology, occurring in 13
      patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are described. The
      patients presented over a 15-month period. All were homosexual men with serum
      antibodies to human T-cell lymphotrophic virus III. Pneumocystis carinii
      pneumonia was the most common manifestation, occurring in seven of the 14
      episodes. Radiographic appearances in five of these were classical, with
      bilateral perihilar ground-glass shadowing initially. In one the appearances were
      complicated by a superadded bacterial infection and in one the chest radiograph
      was normal. Bacterial infections occurred in five of the 14 episodes and, when
      present, showed the characteristic radiographic appearances of the causative
      organism. Three patients had widespread Kaposi's sarcoma. Bronchoscopy, broncho
      alveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy were often necessary to identify the
      causative agent. They were also indicated when atypical radiographic appearances
      occurred during the course of treatment as additional organisms could be found.
      The radiographic appearances of the conditions reported are felt to be
      sufficiently characteristic for the radiologist to play a useful role in
      suggesting the diagnosis and in monitoring the progression of disease in these
      patients.

PMID- 3877605
TI  - Delayed skin hypersensitivity as indicator of T-cell function in three population
      groups.
AB  - Immunological differences between a rural under-developed black population with a
      low incidence of rheumatoid arthritis, and living according to old traditional
      ways have been compared with an urban black and urban Caucasian population with a
      high incidence of the disease. A delayed skin hypersensitivity test for cell
      mediated immunity with seven antigens and control was used. The rural group
      showed a statistically significant inhibition of cell-mediated immunity with 37%
      showing an anergic response. A matched Caucasian group showed a more marked
      response while an urban black group occupied an intermediate position. The 37%
      anergic response in our rural group was seen despite the fact that they were very
      healthy and their immune systems resisted multiple parasitic and infective
      onslaughts. From this data interpretation of an anergic response to multiple skin
      antigen tests in peoples from under-developed populations must be approached with
      great caution. Whether this altered cell-mediated immunity plays a role in the
      low incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in under-developed peoples is still
      speculative.

PMID- 3877606
TI  - HLA studies in brucellar spondylitis.
AB  - Among the clinical manifestations of brucellosis, arthritis may occur in over one
      third of the patients. Different articular syndromes have been well recognized:
      some are definitely infectious in nature, whereas others appear to be reactive.
      The possibility that B27 and B7-CREG antigens could predispose to the occurrence
      of brucellar spondylitis was investigated in 14 mestizo Peruvian patients. No
      association was found. Since there is a low frequency of B27 and B7-CREG in the
      control population, the possibility that a "native" antigen could be the
      predisposing one remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 3877607
TI  - The in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefpiramide compared with
      other beta-lactam antibiotics.
AB  - The in vitro activity of cefpiramide, a new ureido cephalosporin antibiotic, was
      determined against 1128 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic
      bacteria selected for resistance to ampicillin and cefazolin. Cefpiramide was
      less active on a milligram basis than cefotaxime, ceftazidime, moxalactam, and
      aztreonam against all of the members of the Enterobacteriaceae. Cefpiramide
      inhibited many Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to carbenicillin, piperacillin,
      and cefotaxime, but it was less active than ceftazidime and cefsulodin.
      Cefpiramide inhibited staphylococci and streptococci and had appreciable activity
      against Streptococcus faecalis and Listeria moncytogenes. It had less activity
      than cefoxitin against anaerobic species. Cefpiramide inhibited permeability
      mutants of Escherichia coli at lower concentrations than the parent strain,
      suggesting an effect of entry upon its activity. Although cefpiramide was
      resistant to attack by most chromosomal beta-lactamases, it was hydrolyzed by the
      common plasmid beta-lactamases TEM and SHV and by the chromosomal Proteus
      vulgaris, type Ic, cephalosporinase.

PMID- 3877608
TI  - Kartagener's syndrome seen on CT.
AB  - The authors present a case of Kartagener's syndrome that was seen on CT. To the
      authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of such. The appearance and
      interesting aspects of the case will be described.

PMID- 3877609
TI  - Evaluation of right subphrenic fluid collections with emission computed
      tomography: an experimental study.
AB  - An animal model to study subphrenic fluid collections is presented. Performance
      of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for detection of subphrenic
      fluid collections was compared to that of liver-lung scintigraphy and
      transmission computed tomography (TCT). TCT detected a water volume of 25 ml in
      the right subphrenic space. This volume was barely seen using SPECT and not
      detectable on scintigraphy. Differences in performance of the three imaging
      modalities are discussed.

PMID- 3877610
TI  - The International Association of Cancer Registries. The benefits of a worldwide
      network of tumor registries.

PMID- 3877611
TI  - Cancer incidence in Connecticut: the last twenty-five years.

PMID- 3877612
TI  - The impact of the Connecticut Tumor Registry on cancer epidemiology.

PMID- 3877613
TI  - Renal ammoniagenesis by the bullfrog kidney. Effect of acid loading.

PMID- 3877614
TI  - Studies on equine recurrent uveitis. II: The role of infection with Leptospira
      interrogans serovar pomona.
AB  - An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the detection of
      immunoglobulin class specific antibodies to Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona
      in the serum and aqueous humor of horses. Serum antibody was also assayed by
      microscopic agglutination tests. Although higher levels of antibody were found in
      sera from horses with signs of uveitis, the association was not statistically
      significant. Antibodies to pomona were detected in the aqueous of 12 eyes from
      the 101 horses sampled at a slaughterhouse, and in most instances, a comparison
      of the aqueous/serum antibody level with that of the total aqueous/serum IgG
      level indicated intraocular antibody synthesis. Antibodies were also found in 4
      aqueous (or vitreous) samples out of 9 obtained from horses with clinically
      documented uveitis and the above comparison again indicated intraocular antibody
      synthesis. The data point to an important role for pomona as an etiology of
      equine recurrent uveitis but also emphasize that the initiating cause for this
      disease is often obscure in that association with leptospirosis cannot be shown
      in many instances.

PMID- 3877615
TI  - Some thoughts on "psoriatic arthritis".

PMID- 3877616
TI  - Ablation by transcatheter shock. Current status.

PMID- 3877617
TI  - Sudden death after catheter-induced atrioventricular junctional ablation.
AB  - Atrioventricular (AV) junctional ablation was performed in a 59-year-old woman
      with recurrent atrial fibrillation refractory to treatment with digoxin, beta
      blockers, verapamil, quinidine, procainamide, and amiodarone. She received two
      shocks of 500 J which produced complete AV block. After six weeks, both 24-hour
      ECG recordings and an exercise tolerance test showed infrequent premature
      ventricular complexes, 3 degrees AV block, and paced ventricular rhythm with 100
      percent capture. She suddenly collapsed and was found to be in ventricular
      fibrillation and could not be resuscitated. Serial sections of the conduction
      system showed marked fatty infiltration of the approaches to the AV node with
      almost complete separation from the node. A partially fibrosed atrioHisian
      connection was also present. Fibroelastosis with chronic inflammatory changes was
      present in the AV node, bundle of His, and right and left bundle branches. In
      addition, marked inflammatory changes with fibrosis were present in the atrial
      septum, in the summit of the ventricular septum, with degenerative changes in the
      tricuspid and aortic valves. The sequelae of these findings outside the
      conduction system in other patients remains to be determined.

PMID- 3877618
TI  - Virulent course of bacterial pneumonia in a male homosexual.

PMID- 3877619
TI  - T-cell subsets and response to mitogens in patients with steroid responsive
      nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - T-cell subsets, lymphocyte proliferative response, circulating immune complexes
      (CIC) and serum C3, C4 and properdin factor B were studied in 22 children
      suffering from steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) during the acute,
      remission and relapse phases. Renal biopsies were performed on seven children,
      including three patients who relapsed after remission and all showed minimal
      change in their nephrotic syndrome. The lymphocyte subsets were normal in SRNS
      patients, but the three relapse patients had significant increase in OKT8 cells
      and decrease in OKT4/OKT8 ratio during both the acute and relapse phases. Use of
      autologous plasma will lower the lympho-proliferative response in SRNS patients
      during the onset of the disease and in relapse. The circulating immune complexes
      were detectable in seven cases during acute onset, but the serum levels of
      complements were normal. A review of the total data suggests that suppressor T
      cell dysfunction may play a certain role in the immunopathogenesis of SRNS.

PMID- 3877620
TI  - Viability and growth of clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae.
AB  - Studies were done on clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae to investigate
      viability and determine the effects of disc-agar diffusion (DAD) medium
      modification on antimicrobial susceptibility results. Most isolates were viable
      for two days in distilled water, up to a week on chocolate agar and months when
      frozen in skim milk at -70 degrees C. Differences in viability were not related
      to biotype, serotype, beta-lactamase production or site of isolation of isolates.
      Several medium modifications resulted in better growth of isolates for
      antimicrobial susceptibility testing by DAD, but the zone sizes of inhibition
      differed from those of the recommended medium.

PMID- 3877621
TI  - Hyperosmolarity-induced hyperpolarization of the membrane potential of the
      retinal pigment epithelium.
AB  - The hyperosmolarity-induced changes of the apical (Vap) and basal (Vba) membrane
      potentials of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were studied in an in-vitro
      RPE-choroid preparation of the frog. Both Vap and Vba were simultaneously
      hyperpolarized by hyperosmolarity at either the apical or basal side of the RPE.
      Hyperosmolarity at the apical side hyperpolarized Vap greater than Vba, and
      increased the trans-epithelial potential (TEP) across the RPE. Hyperosmolarity at
      the basal side hyperpolarized Vba, simultaneously hyperpolarized Vap by a smaller
      amount, and reduced the TEP. The hyperosmolarity response (a decrease of the
      ocular standing potential induced by an intravenous hypertonicity) is due mainly
      to a hyperpolarization of Vba.

PMID- 3877622
TI  - A cone-triggered c-wave in the chicken ERG time integration characteristics.
AB  - The c-waves recorded from the cone-dominant retina of the chicken proved to be
      cone-triggered. The time course and time integration properties of this retinal
      potential were compared with those of the rod-triggered c-wave recorded in the
      frog under scotopic conditions. The results clearly demonstrate that there is no
      evidence for time integration in cone-triggered c-waves but that rod-triggered c
      waves follow the Bunsen-Roscoe law over more than 2 log units. We propose that
      these time-related differences may be used in other species as a differentiation
      criterion between cone-triggered and rod-triggered c-waves.

PMID- 3877623
TI  - Electrophysiological estimation of the function of different retinal zones in
      normal eyes and in retinal degenerations.
AB  - By means of electroretinographical responses from different areas of the retina
      (zonular ERGs) both healthy people and patients with central and peripheral
      retinal degenerations were examined. Responses were registered from three retinal
      areas (zones): central (red, green, and blue stimuli, 10 degrees in diameter,
      during adaptation of 20 lux); paramacular (a dim, blue, ringlike stimulus, 15
      degrees inner and 50 degrees outer diameter, presented at the beginning of dark
      adaptation) and peripheral (very dim, blue ring stimulus of a 50 degree inner and
      110 degrees outer diameter, after 3 min of dark adaptation). The data obtained by
      this method of stimulation give information about the function of stimulated
      retinal areas and provide new criteria for the function of the spectrally
      different photoreceptors responsible for intact color vision. Examples are
      presented that reveal the value of this method for the detection of congenital
      color vision defects and for the classification of different types of retinal
      degeneration. This method is shown to be highly effective and has many advantages
      over the common routine Ganzfeld ERG technique, especially in cases of unusual
      retinal degenerations.

PMID- 3877624
TI  - Speech processing ability in alcoholics: a transient impairment and its relation
      to field dependence.
AB  - Alcoholic and non-alcoholic subjects received a test of the ability to identify
      speech presented against competing speech (Synthetic Sentence Identification) and
      a test of field dependence (Embedded-Figures Test (EFT). Performance on the
      speech task (which involved auditory figure-ground differentiation) bore no
      special relationship to performance on the field-dependence test. However, cross
      sectional and longitudinal data suggested that recently-drinking alcoholics are
      temporarily impaired in their speech-processing ability, recovering this ability
      after several months of alcohol-abstinence. A relationship between chronicity of
      alcoholism and field dependence was also observed. The latter relationship, along
      with findings on auditory tests, were discussed in terms of their relevance to
      the issue of whether field dependence is an antecedent to or a consequence of
      alcoholism.

PMID- 3877625
TI  - [Pulmonary histiocytosis X].
AB  - Four patients, aged between 17 and 56 years, were found to have pulmonary
      histiocytosis X. Radiologically they had reticulo-nodular increases in density
      and cystic changes in the lungs, especially in the upper fields. Pneumothorax and
      bone lesions were common. Despite the employment of transbronchial lung biopsies,
      open lung biopsy was almost always necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Broncho
      alveolar lavage in one patient revealed 28% lymphocytes: T-suppressor cells
      predominated over T-helper cells (49% and 45%, respectively). Cell distribution
      returned to normal after steroid treatment.

PMID- 3877626
TI  - [Principles of drug therapy in the elderly].

PMID- 3877627
TI  - [Effect of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan trioleate (tween 85) on E-rosette
      formation (in vitro) in blastomatosis patients].

PMID- 3877628
TI  - [Effect of tilorone on the immunological indices of guinea pigs with synestrol
      induced glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium].
AB  - The immune system state was studied before and after administration of tilorone
      (an immunologic adjuvant) to guinea pigs with synestrol-induced glandular
      hyperplasia of endometrium. The total amount of T- and B-lymphocytes. T
      lymphocytes with receptors to the Fc-fragment of IgM and IgG, the content of
      immune complexes were determined. Immune and nonimmune adherence of neutrophils
      was investigated as well. It was established that the total amount of T
      lymphocytes decreased and the quantity of T-lymphocytes and immune complexes
      increased with the development of glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium. The
      tilorone administration normalized the structure of endometrium and T-lymphocyte
      immune controlling system.

PMID- 3877629
TI  - Evaluation of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) by
      fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
AB  - Hospital records were reviewed on 78 consecutive patients (33 homosexuals, 37
      Haitians and 8 IV drug abusers) who had AIDS and who underwent fiberoptic
      bronchoscopy over a two year period. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was the
      most common bronchoscopic finding (53.8% of patients) followed by tuberculosis
      (14.1%), cytomegalovirus infection (12.8%) and atypical mycobacteriosis (3.8%).
      In 15.4% of patients multiple organisms were found. Twenty-seven percent of
      patients had non-diagnostic bronchoscopies. In 8 patients with non-diagnostic
      bronchoscopies, open-lung biopsy or autopsy revealed PCP (2 patients), Kaposi's
      sarcoma (3 patients) and non-specific lymphocytic-plasmacytic infiltrates (3
      patients). Histologic studies of transbronchial biopsy specimens were more
      sensitive for the diagnosis of PCP than touch imprints. PCP was diagnosed in 15
      patients who had received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for up to 4 days. Mean
      duration of respiratory symptoms prior to bronchoscopy was 4.2 weeks in patients
      with PCP and was not significantly different in patients with other bronchoscopic
      diagnoses. Historical, laboratory and chest radiographic parameters were not
      helpful in establishing a diagnosis or assessing prognosis in these AIDS patients
      with pulmonary infiltrates. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy is
      safe (only one of the patients had a self limited hemorrhagic episode) and
      sensitive for the diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in patients with AIDS.

PMID- 3877630
TI  - A modified sclerosing needle for the sclerotherapy of upper gastrointestinal
      bleeding.
AB  - A modified instrument that permits simultaneous endoscopic irrigation and
      sclerotherapy of a bleeding site in the gastrointestinal tract under direct
      visualisation is presented. To date, the system has been used in 12 patients.
      Five cases of grade III esophageal varices have been treated and in three cases
      of acute bleeding, definitive arrest of the bleeding was achieved. In seven cases
      of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage presenting with gastric ulcer (n = 2
      Forrest-Ia and n = 2 Forrest-Ib) and duodenal ulcer (n = 3 Forrest-Ib) bleeding
      was successfully stopped. The system is easy to handle, reliable in clinical
      practice, can be employed anywhere and the instrument is inexpensive.

PMID- 3877631
TI  - The effect of pulmonary surface-active material on the generation and expression
      of murine B- and T-lymphocyte effector functions in vitro.
AB  - We demonstrated previously that surface-active material potently suppresses early
      proliferative responses of lymphocytes to a wide variety of immune stimuli in
      vitro. It is now evident that in vivo, effector B and T lymphocytes can be
      recruited into lung parenchyma subsequent to their generation in extrapulmonary
      lymphoid tissues. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of
      surface-active material on proliferation, differentiation, and expression of
      effector functions of cytotoxic T cells and antibody-forming B cells in vitro in
      order to gain insight into the potential immune regulatory role of surface-active
      material in vivo. Normal spleen lymphocytes were cultured in vitro for 5 days
      with either allogeneic lymphocytes to generate cytotoxic T cells or with sheep
      erythrocytes to generate antibody-forming B cells. Surface-active material was
      added at various intervals after the cultures were initiated, and the effects of
      such additions on the subsequent proliferation, differentiation, and expression
      of cytotoxic T cells and antibody-forming cells were determined. Addition of
      surface-active material on days 0 through 3 suppressed both lymphocyte
      proliferation and the subsequent differentiation of effector lymphocytes. By
      contrast, addition of surface-active material after day 3 exerted no measurable
      effect on proliferation or on the generation of effector lymphocytes. We conclude
      that in vitro the immunosuppressive activity of surface-active material is
      exerted primarily during early proliferative phases of immune responses and that
      once these have occurred, surface-active material does not inhibit the later
      stages of differentiation and expression of effector cell functions. We speculate
      that in vivo, surface-active material may suppress local proliferation of
      lymphocytes resident in the lung in response to inhaled antigens; however, it may
      not interfere with effector functions of partially or fully differentiated B and
      T lymphocytes that are recruited into lungs from systemic sources.

PMID- 3877632
TI  - Exon shuffling in vivo can generate novel HLA class I molecules.
AB  - The human class I histocompatibility molecule HLA-Aw69 has serological and
      structural properties which suggested it was a hybrid of the allelic products HLA
      A2 and HLA-Aw68. We have now isolated three genes for HLA-Aw69 and one gene for
      HLA-Aw68. The sequences of exons encoding the entire extracellular portion of the
      molecule and of intron 2 have been determined. Their comparison with the
      published sequence of HLA-A2 proves that HLA-Aw69 is a hybrid molecule with
      complete identity to HLA-Aw68 in the alpha 1 domain and with HLA-A2 in the alpha
      2 and alpha 3 domains. This comparison also localised regions involved in the
      epitopes recognised by monoclonal antibodies. The three HLA-Aw69 genes obtained
      from unrelated individuals of diverse ethnic backgrounds are identical. All
      results are consistent with HLA-Aw69 having arisen by a single reciprocal
      recombination event between the HLA-Aw68 and HLA-A2 genes somewhere in a region
      of 86 bp about the 3' donor splice site of exon 2. Estimates of the silent
      mutation rate in HLA genes suggest this event occurred not more than 330 000
      years ago. Intra-allelic reciprocal recombination thus represents a further
      mechanism in addition to gene conversion for the generation of novel class I
      histocompatibility alleles.

PMID- 3877633
TI  - 11C-coenzyme Q10: a new myocardial imaging tracer for positron emission
      tomography.
AB  - Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a co-factor of the mitochondrial electron-transfer
      system. 11C-Labeled CoQ10 was synthesized and its biodistribution in rats was
      examined comparing two kinds of preparation methods using different emulsifiers
      as a basic study for application of positron emission tomography. 11C-CoQ10
      emulsified in saline with polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil was present in
      the highest concentration in the blood at 30 min. On the other hand, the 11C
      CoQ10 emulsified with phospholipids was rapidly cleared from the blood. The liver
      and spleen uptakes were high probably due to endocytosis, reflecting the
      characteristics of liposomes. The myocardial uptake was also high just after
      administration, and the heart-to-blood concentration ratio was over 10 after 5
      min. These results suggest that 11C-CoQ10 prepared with liposomes may be a
      myocardial imaging tracer.

PMID- 3877634
TI  - Tomographic imaging of the human thyroid with a positron camera before and after
      partial thyroidectomy.
AB  - A high-density avalanche chamber positron camera was used for tomographic imaging
      of the human thyroid before and after partial thyroidectomy. Images were made
      between 6 and 24 h after oral administration of the positron-emitting
      radionuclide, Na-124I with activities varying between 0.1 and 0.3 mCi before the
      surgical intervention and with activities between 0.03 and 0.05 mCi following
      partial thyroidectomy. The results of thyroid imaging performed on 50 patients
      and their surgical relevance are discussed; as an illustration, one typical case
      is presented. As a consequence of the high spatial resolution of the camera (2.5
      mm full width at half maximum), the functional volume of the thyroid may be
      estimated from the transaxial tomographic sections before and following partial
      thyroidectomy, correct to about 10%. The thyroid surface, defined by the contours
      from each transaxial section, may be displayed using three-dimensional shaded
      graphics techniques. This new imaging technique makes possible a fully three
      dimensional description of the thyroid in vivo and contributes significantly to
      the surgical follow-up.

PMID- 3877635
TI  - Nucleoside transport and cytosine arabinoside (araC) metabolism in human T
      lymphoblasts resistant to araC, thymidine and 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside.
AB  - Alteration in cellular nucleoside transport characteristics, deoxynucleoside
      triphosphate (dNTP) pools and araCTP formation from cytosine arabinoside (araC)
      were determined for human T lymphoblasts (CCRF-CEM) resistant to araC, thymidine
      or 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside (6-MMPR). AraC resistance was accompanied by
      reduced activities of deoxycytidine and thymidine kinases, lowered cellular
      deoxycytidine triphosphate concentration and markedly reduced formation of araCTP
      from araC. The ID50 values for araC, araCTP formation and dNTP levels of
      thymidine-resistant lymphoblasts, which exhibited reduced thymidine kinase
      activity, and 6-MMPR-resistant cells, with reduced adenosine kinase activity,
      were similar to the corresponding parameters of wild type lymphoblasts. The
      nucleoside transport sites density determined by nitrobenzylmercaptopurine
      riboside binding was comparable for araC-resistant, wild type and thymidine- or 6
      MMPR-resistant lymphoblasts.

PMID- 3877636
TI  - Antihypertensive therapy with a single daily dose of acebutolol in essential
      hypertension, response and ophthalmological assessment in the Japanese.
AB  - Twenty patients with essential hypertension were given 400 mg acebutolol once
      daily for 24 weeks. In order to study if side effects resembling the "Practolol
      syndrome" developed, ocular effects were sought and antinuclear antibody (ANA) in
      blood was assessed before and after treatment. ANA was negative both before and
      after the study in 17 patients; in one patient ANA was positive, but the titre
      (1:10) was low and did not change during the study. Acebutolol produced no
      undesirable effects on cornea, conjunctiva or lens. During acebutolol treatment,
      tear secretion was reduced but tear lysozyme concentration was not significantly
      altered. Overall, acebutolol had no undesirable action similar to the practolol
      induced syndrome, nor did it cause such common clinical ocular symptoms such as
      dry or gritty eyes.

PMID- 3877637
TI  - Inhibition of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in rats by S-antigen-specific
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAb), of either IgG2a or IgG2b isotypes, specific
      for the retinal S-autoantigen (S-Ag) or a pool of rat anti-S-Ag sera prevented
      experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in Lewis rats when injected i.p. at the
      time of immunization. Control mAb of the same isotypes, irrelevant to S-Ag, had
      no inhibitory effect. The humoral response to S-Ag, as studied by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay using a mouse mAb specific for rat kappa chain, was
      moderately but significantly reduced in suppressed animals. The rapid
      disappearance of the injected mAb from rat sera, as measured using a rat mAb
      specific for mouse kappa chain, could be explained by its complexing with either
      autologous antigen released from the retina at the site of inflammation, or anti
      idiotypic antibodies.

PMID- 3877638
TI  - A neomycin-resistant cell line for improved production of monoclonal antibodies
      to cell surface antigens.
AB  - Overgrowth of hybridomas by proliferating spleen T cells often hinders the
      production of monoclonal antibodies to certain antigens. To overcome this problem
      we derived neomycin-resistant fusion partner SP2 neoR.1 by transfection of SP2/0
      Ag14 cells with plasmid pSVTK neo beta. Hybridomas obtained with SP2 neoR.1 grew
      optimally in the presence of the neomycin analog G418 at concentrations which
      blocked the proliferative response of T cells to mitogenic stimuli. The advantage
      of using SP2 neoR.1 and G418 under conditions where spleen cell proliferation
      occurs after fusion was demonstrated with hybridomas derived from a rat immunized
      with mouse helper T cell lines.

PMID- 3877639
TI  - In vivo quantitative imaging of dopamine receptors in human brain using positron
      emission tomography and [76Br]bromospiperone.
AB  - The brain regional distribution and kinetics of [76Br]bromospiperone, a
      derivative of a neuroleptic (spiperone) labeled with the positron emitter bromine
      76, were studied by time-of-flight tomography after i.v. injection in man. In a
      control subject the kinetic distribution study showed an accumulation of
      radioactivity which reached a maximum 3 h postinjection in the frontal cortex and
      cerebellum regions and 4-5 h postinjection in the basal ganglia. Thereafter the
      striatal activity remained essentially constant over a period of 25 h. In a group
      of 13 control subjects, the mean value for the striatum-to-cerebellum ratio, at
      4.5 h postinjection, was 1.84 (S.D. 0.21). In two schizophrenics treated with
      high doses of haloperidol, this ratio was found to be only 1.22. These data
      indicate that radiolabeled bromospiperone is very suitable for human
      pharmacological or pathological investigations of the central dopaminergic
      system.

PMID- 3877640
TI  - Ascorbic acid levels in aqueous and vitreous humors of the rabbit: effects of
      inflammation and ceruloplasmin.
AB  - A HPLC method for determination of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in
      plasma and aqueous and vitreous humors of rabbits is described. Values for total
      ascorbic acid concentration found in this study are in agreement with those of
      previous investigators. Endotoxin-induced ocular inflammation caused a decrease
      in the concentration of ascorbic acid in the aqueous humor and an increase in the
      vitreous humor. The additional lack of correlation between levels of ascorbic
      acid in normal aqueous and vitreous humors from the same uninflamed eye indicates
      that the aqueous humor is not the source of vitreal ascorbic acid. The copper
      concentration of the aqueous humor is increased during ocular inflammation, most
      likely due to the influx of ceruloplasmin from plasma when the blood-aqueous
      barrier is disrupted. Ceruloplasmin caused a decrease in the amount of ascorbic
      acid in the aqueous humor in vitro and the vitreous humor in vivo. The presence
      of ceruloplasmin in the aqueous humor during inflammation thus may contribute to
      the decreased concentration of ascorbic acid in this fluid.

PMID- 3877641
TI  - Actin organization in migrating corneal epithelium of rabbits in situ.
AB  - We have found previously that fibronectin enhances the migration of rabbit
      corneal epithelium both in vitro and in vivo. In this paper we report a change of
      actin localization in migrating corneal epithelium as determined by
      immunofluorescent microscopy. Rabbit cornea was cut into small blocks and
      cultured in TC-199 medium. In the normal cornea, actin was detected as diffuse
      fluorescence at each epithelial layer. After 8 hr of cultivation epithelial cells
      had not started to migrate significantly, but actin had accumulated at the cell
      membrane. After 24 hr, epithelial migration had begun, and actin-specific
      fluorescence was detected mainly in the basal cell layer at the leading edge.
      When fibronectin or epidermal growth factor was added to the culture medium,
      epithelial migration began 8 hr after initiation of culture, and at 24 hr actin
      specific fluorescence at the basal side of the migrating epithelial cells
      appeared stronger than that of a control group cultured in TC-199 unsupplemented
      medium. At the same time, fibronectin-specific fluorescence was more intense
      beneath the migrating epithelial cells. It is known that fibronectin has an
      affinity to collagen, and thus it might coat the cut surface of the stroma.
      Epithelial cells may attach then to the stroma via coated fibronectin. When a
      large quantity of exogenous fibronectin is added or when fibronectin is
      synthesized by the addition of epidermal growth factor, it may further stimulate
      the organization of intracellular actin from globular form (G-actin) to fibrilar
      form (F-actin). As a result, the change of intracellular localization and
      appearance of organized actin molecule might lead to cellular migration.

PMID- 3877642
TI  - LDHk in the retina of diverse vertebrate species: a possible link to the Warburg
      effect.
AB  - LDHk is a cancer-associated lactate dehydrogenase which is also found at high
      levels in normal mammalian retina. Such retinas share with most cancer tissues a
      dependence on aerobic glycolysis, leading to high production of lactate. However,
      retinas of lower vertebrate species are significantly less dependent on aerobic
      glycolysis. We find that retinas of species less dependent on aerobic glycolysis
      express significantly lower levels of an LDHk-like activity, less than or equal
      to the low levels seen in brains. The enzymes from lower species differ from the
      mammalian retinal enzyme in their pH optima and responsiveness to oxygen; but
      share a similar degree of inhibition by 5'-5'-dinucleoside tetraphosphates.
      Therefore, the expression pattern of LDHk in brain and retina of diverse
      vertebrate species suggests a link with the Warburg effect.

PMID- 3877643
TI  - Influence of fasting and refeeding on the elongation step of protein synthesis in
      rat liver of young (3M) and aging (18M) animals.
AB  - The in vitro binding capacity for AA-tRNA of ribosomes, catalysed by EF1 enzyme,
      was studied in livers of rats, which had been starved for 5 days and re-fed for
      3, 9, and 24 hours. The experiments were carried out with 3 and 18-month-old
      rats. The results were compared to those obtained with normally fed rats of the
      same ages. For both age groups, there was a similar change in the binding
      capacity, including a return to normal values after 24 hours of refeeding. When
      ribosomes of old control animals were treated with different enzymes, we obtained
      lower binding activities for all the experimental groups than in homologous cell
      free systems (ribosomes and EF1 isolated from the same group). The ribosomes of
      young animals, tested in the presence of different enzymes, display an increased
      binding capacity, when the enzymes used were those of old (control and re-fed)
      animals. The recovery of the catalytic activity of EF1 on the binding process was
      observed after 9 hours in old animals, whereas it was not seen for young re-fed
      animals at that time of refeeding. EF1 seems to play an important role in the
      adaptation of older animals to fasting and refeeding.

PMID- 3877644
TI  - Human granulocyte colony growth: differences between serum-free and serum
      dependent cultures.
AB  - Human granulocyte colony formation has been observed in serum-free
      methylcellulose cultures with Iscove medium, delipidated bovine serum albumin,
      iron-saturated transferrin, alpha-thioglycerol, oleylpalmitoyl lecithin,
      cholesterol, and linoleic acid using serum-free human placental-conditioned
      medium (SF-HPCM) as the source of colony stimulating factor (CSF). Dose-response
      curves for SF-HPCM indicated a lower sensitivity to colony-stimulating activity
      in serum-free cultures than in serum-dependent cultures. Gel filtration of SF
      HPCM revealed that CSF fractions with molecular weights in the range of 30 kD are
      inefficient in serum-free cultures, while fractions with molecular weights in the
      range of 40 kD stimulate granulocyte colony formation in both types of cultures.
      These results demonstrate that serum constituents modulate the effects of one of
      the stimulating factors for granulocyte colony formation, and that serum-free
      culture conditions are essential for establishing the growth factor requirements
      of the granulocyte lineage.

PMID- 3877645
TI  - Stimulation of human endothelial cells by synthetic muramyl peptides: production
      of colony-stimulating activity (CSA).
AB  - The in vivo induction of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) by well-defined
      immunomodulatory synthetic muramyl peptides has been demonstrated recently in
      mice. In the present study, we tested the capacities of three muramyl peptides to
      induce CSA production in human endothelial cell (HEC) cultures. Two adjuvant
      active peptides (MDP and Murabutide) induced CSA in the supernatant of cultured
      endothelial cells, whereas an adjuvant-inactive compound had no effect. This
      effect of MDP and Murabutide appeared to be time and concentration dependent and
      was not secondary to decreased production of inhibitors of colony formation. CSA
      secretion by stimulated HEC required de novo protein synthesis and did not result
      from the release of preformed active CSA. Maximal concentration appeared in the
      supernatant media within the first 24 h after addition of muramyl peptides, and a
      substantial second CSA secretion could be observed after a subsequent 24 h
      reexposure. This CAS was not dialyzable and promoted granulocyte-macrophage
      formation of nonadherent human marrow and unfractionated murine marrow. Our data
      demonstrate that the human endothelial cell is a target cell for MDP and
      Murabutide and suggest that in vivo endothelium might play an active role in
      muramyl peptide-induced modulation of hematopoiesis.

PMID- 3877646
TI  - Human megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor in sera from aplastic dogs: partial
      purification, characterization, and determination of hematopoietic cell lineage
      specificity.
AB  - We have previously shown that human megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity
      (Meg-CSA) is present in sera from patients with bone marrow megakaryocyte
      aplasia. In this report, we demonstrate that Meg-CSA is also present in sera from
      dogs rendered aplastic by 1000 rad total body irradiation. Canine serum Meg-CSA
      has activity comparable to human when assayed in plasma clot cultures containing
      human bone marrow mononuclear cells. Because of the uniform high potency and
      ready availability of aplastic canine sera, it was utilized initially for Meg-CSA
      purification. Sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation to approximately 80%
      saturation resulted in recovery of 59%-69% of the serum protein and of 75%-103%
      of the original serum Meg-CSA. The fraction precipitable between ammonium sulfate
      saturations of 0% and 44%-50% (fraction I) contained 53%-76% of the initial serum
      Meg-CSA and 25%-32% of the initial serum protein. This represents an enrichment
      of Meg-CSA specific activity by over 100%. The Meg-CSA eluted from Sephacryl S
      300 in a single peak corresponding to a molecular weight of 175,000. This Meg-CSA
      peak also contained IgG, but the Meg-CSA did not bind to protein A-agarose. Meg
      CSA was 90% inactivated by trypsin digestion for 4 h at 37 degrees C and by
      exposure to 5mM dithiothreitol for 2 h at room temperature. Exposure to either 6
      M guanidine for 1 h at room temperature or 8 M urea for 1 h at 4 degrees C
      resulted in a 70% loss of Meg-CSA. At culture concentrations capable of
      stimulating maximal megakaryocyte colony formation, fraction I supported no
      colony growth by myeloid (CFU-GM) or late erythroid (CFU-E) human hematopoietic
      progenitor cells. Erythroid burst-promoting activity (BPA) was not detected in
      fraction I from two of three different aplastic canine sera tested. Therefore,
      Meg-CSA is functionally distinct from granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating
      factor (GM-CSF), erythropoietin, and BPA. The data indicate that serum Meg-CSA is
      a 175,000-dalton protein (megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor, Meg-CSF) in
      which higher order structure and disulfide bonding are necessary for biologic
      activity. Partially purified Meg-CSF manifests functional specificity for the CFU
      Meg hematopoietic progenitor cell.

PMID- 3877647
TI  - Lysis of lymphoma cells by cultured large granular lymphocytes.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to determine whether in vitro-propagated large granular
      lymphocytes (LGL), which are known to mediate natural killer (NK) activity, would
      lyse autologous and allogeneic lymphoma cells. LGL from ten patients and two
      healthy donors were propagated in vitro for two to four weeks with interleukin 2
      containing medium, and their cytotoxicity was tested in a 5-h 51Cr-release assay.
      Cultured LGL from all the patients and healthy donors demonstrated strong
      cytotoxicity against K562 target cells, a standard target in NK assay, while
      cultured LGL from the patients lysed autologous lymphoma cells from three of the
      ten patients tested and those of the two healthy donors lysed lymphoma cells from
      four of the ten patients. These findings indicate that, when LGL propagated in
      vitro in large numbers show lytic activity against autologous lymphoma cells,
      these LGL may have potential application in clinical trials.

PMID- 3877648
TI  - [Experiences with the 1982 revised ARA criteria for classification of systemic
      lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 3877649
TI  - [Juvenile dermatomyositis. Immunologic and clinical overlapping with systemic
      lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 3877650
TI  - Epidermal growth factor inhibits thyrotropin-mediated synthesis of tissue
      specific proteins in cultured ovine thyroid cells.
AB  - Primary cultures of ovine thyroid cells were induced to differentiate by addition
      of thyrotropin (TSH). This was demonstrated as an accumulation of 2 thyroid
      specific proteins, thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase, using immunofluorescent
      staining methods and immunoprecipitation of biosynthetically labeled cultures. As
      an additional measure of differentiation, cells exhibited a morphological
      response to TSH and regained the ability to incorporate radioactive iodide.
      Epidermal growth factor (EGF) markedly inhibited differentiation when added
      together with TSH. Thyroglobulin synthesis was reduced to low levels and
      peroxidase synthesis was reduced to levels that were undetectable by the methods
      used. Morphological changes in response to TSH were also diminished by EGF. The
      antagonistic interaction between TSH and EGF in regulating differentiation in
      cultured thyroid cells may reflect the type of control that exists in vivo.

PMID- 3877651
TI  - Normal gross motor development: the influences of race, sex and socio-economic
      status.
AB  - The ages at attainment of 12 gross motor milestones were obtained prospectively
      during well-baby visits in the first two years of life for 381 children. All had
      been born at term and were judged to be normal at one year. A longitudinal
      analysis, using an index summarizing each child's progress for eight selected
      milestones, is reported for the 284 children for whom data were complete. A high
      percentage of parents were able to report the age at attaining milestones with an
      acceptable degree of variability. The children attained milestones at earlier
      ages than traditionally reported. There were only minor sex differences in age at
      attainment, but black children attained milestones earlier than white children.

PMID- 3877652
TI  - Intracranial pressure monitoring in tuberculous meningitis: clinical and
      computerized tomographic correlation.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure was monitored in 24 children with acute
      tuberculous meningitis. 19 had raised intracranial pressure (ICP) as reflected by
      increased baseline pressure, pressure waves (e.g. B-waves) and increased
      amplitude of the pulse wave. Correlation between clinical signs of raised ICP and
      monitored CSF pressure showed that clinical diagnosis of the presence and degree
      of raised ICP is unreliable, especially in children with a closed anterior
      fontanelle. Computerized tomographic (CT) scans showed that hydrocephalus was
      present in all children with raised CSF pressure. No direct correlation was found
      between the degree of hydrocephalus and the degree of raised ICP. The role of ICP
      monitoring in the diagnosis and management of raised ICP in children with
      tuberculous meningitis is discussed.

PMID- 3877653
TI  - Plasma concentrations of vitamin D metabolites during puberty of diabetic
      children.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 24,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D binding protein were determined in 87 serum
      samples from 46 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic children and adolescents at
      the various stages of puberty. The results were compared with data similarly
      obtained from healthy pubertal children. The diabetic patients had lower mean
      1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations (p less than 0.05) and higher molar ratios
      of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (p less than 0.05) than their
      healthy counter parts. In contrast to the reference group, the diabetic patients
      failed to attain the increase in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D normally seen during the
      pubertal stages of maximal growth velocity. The mean plasma levels of vitamin-D
      binding protein did not differ between the two groups, and a calculated 'free'
      1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D value followed a pattern similar to that of total 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D throughout puberty for both groups. The results suggest that
      the regulatory mechanisms of the vitamin D endocrine system are altered in
      diabetic children at puberty, resulting in a relative decrease in 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D plasma concentration and increased 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
      levels.

PMID- 3877654
TI  - [How many cirrhotic patients may receive propranolol after digestive
      hemorrhage?].
AB  - The aim of the present study was to evaluate how many cirrhotics may receive
      propranolol after upper gastrointestinal bleeding. One hundred and twelve
      patients were consecutively admitted in a digestive intensive care unit during a
      two-year study, for bleeding of esophageal (63 p. 100) or gastric (4 p. 100)
      varices, or acute gastric erosions (33 p. 100). Twenty-one per cent of patients
      were initially class A (Child's classification). 26 p. 100 were B, and 53 p. 100
      were C. Eighteen patients (16 p. 100) died within the first 10 days. Eighty
      patients (71 p. 100) did not receive propranolol because of: a) contraindication
      for this drug (asthma, heart failure, diabetes, n = 25); b) carcinoma, mainly of
      the liver (n = 11); c) foreseeable lack of compliance with the treatment (n = 8);
      d) criteria for which the efficacy of propranolol has not been demonstrated
      (small esophageal varices, jaundice, or ascites, n = 36). Only 14 patients (13 p.
      100) received propranolol therapy: 5 stopped their treatment, 3 because of
      gastrointestinal rebleeding. Our experience suggests that propranolol can be used
      only in a few cirrhotics for prevention of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding.

PMID- 3877655
TI  - [Propranolol and hemorrhage in cirrhosis].

PMID- 3877656
TI  - [Behavior of selected oxidoreductases in histochemical and electro- phoretic
      studies of the rat kidney after administration of Biseptol 480 (co-trimoxazole)].
AB  - Examinations of the rat kidney metabolism were carried out by histological
      (staining with haematoxylin and eosin), histochemical (response to lactate and
      succinic dehydrogenases activities), and electrophoretic methods (separation of
      isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase) after treating animals with the sulphonamide
      Biseptol 480, for 7 (consecutive) d by stomach tube. Biseptol given to the
      animals exceeded 10 times human therapeutical dose. It was found out that
      Biseptol 480, applied to the animals with healthy urinary system, does not
      pathologically disturb the examined stages of the metabolic processes in the
      rat's kidney.

PMID- 3877657
TI  - Normal pressure hydrocephalus and Paget's disease of bone.
AB  - Although senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT) is the commonest cause of
      dementia in the elderly, it is important to recognise potentially reversible
      causes such as normal pressure hydrocephalus. This has been reported to occur in
      association with Paget's disease of the skull, but would appear to be an
      extremely rare complication of this disease. To date 4 cases of successful
      surgical intervention in normal pressure hydrocephalus complicating Paget's
      disease of skull have been reported. We report 3 cases which have presented to
      one Department of Geriatric Medicine during a 3-year period. Two cases were
      diagnosed prior to death and both responded well to ventriculo-peritoneal
      shunting.

PMID- 3877658
TI  - Posterior polymorphous dystrophy of the cornea. An ultrastructural study.
AB  - A corneal button excised from a 2-month-old infant with congenital posterior
      polymorphous dystrophy of the cornea, a rare disease affecting Descemet's
      membrane and endothelium, was examined by electron microscopy. We observed
      irregularly arranged, sometimes multilayered cells with marked epithelial
      features, lining the posterior surface of the cornea in place of the endothelium,
      and Descemet's membrane with focal alterations sometimes involving all of its
      layers. We interpreted these abnormal cells as epithelial-like cells. As these
      findings were in a very young patient, which is unusual, we concluded that the
      onset of the disease may take place in the early period of intrauterine life,
      corresponding to the beginning of Descemet's membrane production.

PMID- 3877659
TI  - Fibrin sealing: physiologic and biochemical background.

PMID- 3877660
TI  - Fibrin sealant in maxillofacial surgery. Development and indications. A review of
      the past 12 years.

PMID- 3877661
TI  - The treatment of hemangioma with fibrin glue.

PMID- 3877662
TI  - The extended family as a source of support to elderly blacks.

PMID- 3877663
TI  - Vitamin D status in Crohn's disease: association with nutrition and disease
      activity.
AB  - Forty patients with Crohn's disease were divided into undernourished (18) and
      well nourished (22) groups depending on whether their midarm circumference was
      below or above 90% of the ideal standard. Plasma 25-(OH)D3 and the dihydroxylated
      metabolites, 24,25-(OH)2D3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 were measured in the summer. Results
      were related to clinical and biochemical parameters and also compared with
      results from patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy subjects who served as
      controls. Plasma 25-(OH)D3 was reduced in the undernourished Crohn's group
      compared with the well nourished Crohn's group, who did not differ from the
      controls. Over 50% of the undernourished Crohn's group had evidence of secondary
      hyperparathyroidism and raised alkaline phosphatase concentrations, although
      concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D3 were normal. The low 25-(OH)D3 concentrations
      related to disease activity. It is suggested that undernourished Crohn's patients
      who have high levels of disease activity are at risk of vitamin D deficiency, and
      attempts should be made to improve their vitamin D nutrition.

PMID- 3877664
TI  - DR and non-DR Ia allotypes are associated with susceptibility to coeliac disease.
AB  - We have studied the frequency of HLA-DR, -MT, and -MB antigens in adult patients
      with coeliac disease and in a group of healthy controls, evaluating the strength
      of the observed associations by measuring the aetiologic fractions. Among the
      antigens significantly associated with coeliac disease, MB2 (DQw2) showed an
      aetiologic fraction higher than those of DR3 and DR7. Our results suggest that
      MB2, as associated more frequently than other specificities with a hypothetical
      disease predisposing gene, may play a role in the pathogenesis of coeliac
      disease. The significant association of DR3 and DR7 with coeliac disease may be
      ascribed to linkage disequilibrium of these antigens with MB2.

PMID- 3877665
TI  - Gastric lesions in portal hypertension: inflammatory gastritis or congestive
      gastropathy?
AB  - This paper reports the incidence and natural history of macroscopic gastritis in
      a series of 127 consecutive patients with portal hypertension of various
      aetiologies. Gastritis was observed endoscopically in 65 patients (51%) and was
      of two main types. Twenty eight patients had severe or persistent gastritis which
      caused clinically significant bleeding on 80 occasions and accounted for 25% of
      the bleeds from all sources. The remainder had mild gastritis. The presence of
      gastritis seemed to be independent of the severity of liver disease or the degree
      of rise of wedged hepatic venous pressure and there was no difference in age,
      sex, or drugs prescribed in patients with or without gastritis. The mean follow
      up period and the mean number of sclerotherapy treatments was significantly
      greater (p less than 0.005) in patients with gastritis. Full thickness gastric
      biopsies in seven surgical patients and 11 autopsy specimens showed dilated and
      tortuous submucosal veins. Endoscopic biopsies in 14 patients showed vascular
      ectasia in the mucosal layer which was in excess of the degree of inflammatory
      infiltrate. Gastritis occurred in patients with portal hypertension of all common
      aetiologies and the clinical and pathological evidence supports the contention
      that it reflects a congested gastric mucosa and should be renamed congestive
      gastropathy. As injection sclerotherapy improves survival from variceal bleeding
      congestive gastropathy may become more common. The response to conventional
      ('anti-erosive') therapy is poor and measures aimed at reducing the gastric
      portal pressure may be the only effective means of treating this condition.

PMID- 3877666
TI  - Comparison of the oral (PABA) pancreatic function test, the secretin-pancreozymin
      test and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography in chronic alcohol induced
      pancreatitis.
AB  - The oral (PABA) pancreatic function test (PFT), the secretin-pancreozymin test
      and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERCP) have been carried out in 32
      patients with suspected chronic alcohol induced pancreatitis (CAIP) in order to
      evaluate which, if any, test was most likely to confirm the provisional
      diagnosis. Thirty one patients had changes of minimal (n = 6) moderate (n = 7) or
      advanced (n = 18) chronic pancreatitis on pancreatography, whilst one patient had
      a pancreas divisum. Eight hour urinary PABA excretion was significantly reduced
      in patients with moderate and advanced structural changes (p less than 0.001) and
      correlated significantly with all parameters of the PFT, although eight patients
      with an abnormal pancreatogram and pancreatic function test had a normal PABA
      value. The PFT was abnormal in 23 patients, but normal in five patients with an
      abnormal pancreatogram and low PABA value. Most patients with minimal change
      pancreatitis had a normal PABA test and PFT. We conclude that pancreatography
      appears to be the most sensitive method for detecting chronic pancreatic damage
      and for confirming a clinical diagnosis of chronic alcohol induced pancreatitis.
      Both the PFT and PABA test are useful confirmatory tests and whilst the PFT is
      slightly more sensitive for assessing pancreatic exocrine function, the PABA test
      is well tolerated and simple to perform. It may therefore be the complementary
      investigation of choice for this group of patients.

PMID- 3877667
TI  - Effects of commonly consumed vegetables on hepatic xenobiotic-metabolizing
      enzymes in the mouse.
AB  - To investigate the effects of consuming a variety of common vegetables on the
      activities of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in the mouse liver, male C57BL/6
      mice were fed purified diets supplemented isocalorically with 20% freeze-dried
      powdered kidney bean, soya bean, alfalfa, cauliflower, mustard greens, carrot,
      kale, Brussels sprouts, beet, egg plant or onion or with 40% sweet potato.
      Hepatic ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECD) activity was increased significantly (P
      less than or equal to 0.05) over the controls in the mice fed diets containing
      kidney bean (1.5-fold), alfalfa (1.6-fold), cauliflower (2.2-fold), mustard
      greens (1.2-fold), carrots (1.2-fold) and kale (1.3-fold). No significant
      increases in ECD activity were seen in the other groups. Aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase (AHH) activity was assayed in the cauliflower and Brussels sprouts
      groups and was found to be unaffected by these diets. Glutathione S-transferase
      (GST) and epoxide hydratase (EH) activities were increased (P less than or equal
      to 0.05) by soya bean (1.2- and 1.6-fold respectively), Brussels sprouts (2.0-
      and 1.6-fold), cauliflower (1.2- and 1.6-fold), alfalfa (1.3- and 2.0-fold) and
      onion (1.8- and 2.3-fold). No significant increases in GST or EH activities were
      seen in the other groups. Of the twelve vegetables investigated, only three
      (sweet potato, beet and egg plant) had no statistically significant effects on
      any of the xenobiotic-metabolizing parameters tested. However, the beet diet
      caused an apparent inhibition of ECD activity (74% of control) and the sweet
      potato diet caused an apparent increase (1.3-fold) in GST activity, although
      statistical significance could not be established at P less than or equal to
      0.05.

PMID- 3877668
TI  - Effects of dietary R-goitrin on hepatic and intestinal glutathione S-transferase,
      microsomal epoxide hydratase and ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activities in the
      rat.
AB  - The influence of dietary R-goitrin on components of the xenobiotic-metabolizing
      system was examined in the liver and small intestine of male Sprague-Dawley rats.
      Given at a level of 200 ppm in the diet for 14 days, the R-goitrin caused a
      statistically significant (P less than 0.05) 21% increase in liver weight
      relative to body weight. A less pronounced, but statistically significant, 11%
      increase in relative liver weight resulted from the administration of R-goitrin
      at 40 ppm in the diet. Hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was
      significantly increased 1.5- and 2-fold over the basal level at concentrations of
      40 and 200 ppm R-goitrin, respectively. Hepatic microsomal epoxide hydratase (EH)
      activity was also significantly increased. Hepatic EH activity was 1.6- and 3.3
      fold greater in the 40- and 200-ppm R-goitrin groups, respectively, than in the
      control group given the basal diet. R-Goitrin at 200 ppm in the diet produced
      significant 1.2- and 1.4-fold increases of GST and microsomal EH activities,
      respectively, in the mucosa of the small intestine. The administration of R
      goitrin at 40 or 200 ppm in the diet had no significant effect on either hepatic
      or intestinal ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity.

PMID- 3877669
TI  - [Transcutaneous nerve stimulation in migraine patients. Preliminary results].

PMID- 3877670
TI  - [Use of the paramunity inducer PIND-AVI in reduced cell-mediated
      immunocompetence. Immunoreconstitution following cytostatic chemotherapy].

PMID- 3877671
TI  - [Effect of geographic location on the incidence of postoperative deep venous
      thrombosis of the legs].

PMID- 3877672
TI  - [Effect of electrical stimulation patterns on denervated musculature and
      regenerated nerves].

PMID- 3877673
TI  - Heterogeneous IgA glomerulonephropathy in liver cirrhosis.

PMID- 3877674
TI  - Concurrent T-cell lymphocytic lymphoma and malignant histiocytosis.
AB  - A case in which both malignant histiocytosis and T-cell lymphocytic lymphoma
      occurred together is presented. Examples of malignant histiocytosis-like
      syndromes associated with lymphoreticular malignancies have been previously
      reported. Many of these represent reactive haemophagocytic syndromes, probably
      virally induced. The considerable degree of cytological atypia and frequent
      mitotic figures seen in the histiocytes in this case were indicative of a true
      malignant histiocytosis.

PMID- 3877675
TI  - Alpha-1-antitrypsin types in five Chinese national minorities.
AB  - The frequencies of alpha-1-antitrypsin alleles were determined for five Chinese
      national minorities: Uigur, Korean, Mongolian, Chuang, and Li. PI S and PI Z
      alleles are not found in the five populations studied. PI ETOK allele is present
      in Korean, Mongolian, and Chuang populations, and Etokyo is a very common alpha-1
      antitrypsin variant in Chinese. Other alleles which occur in more than one of the
      minorities are PI X (Mongolian and Chuang) and PI M4 (Korean and Uigur). The high
      frequency of PI M4 in the Uigur population suggests a probably Occidental origin
      of this nationality.

PMID- 3877676
TI  - Gene order on the short arm of human chromosome 11: regional assignment of the
      LDH A gene distal to catalase in two translocations.
AB  - Leukemic cells with reciprocal translocations involving 11p13 and 14q13 were
      obtained from two patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and fused
      with mouse Ltk- cells. DNA from independent hybrid clones was screened by
      Southern blot and hybridization to molecular probes for the human catalase and Ha
      ras-1 genes. Several clones showed segregation of these two genes, indicating the
      presence of either the der11 or der14 human chromosomes. When DNA from these
      hybrid clones was examined for the presence of the human genes for calcitonin and
      gamma-globin, both genes were found to segregate with the Ha-ras-1 gene and the
      der14 chromosome indicating that they lie distal to catalase. When the hybrid
      clones were examined for the presence of human lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH A)
      activity, only those clones containing the der14 chromosome expressed activity
      indicating that the LDH A gene is also distal to catalase on the short arm of
      chromosome 11.

PMID- 3877677
TI  - A theoretical study of epidural electrical stimulation of the spinal cord--Part
      I: Finite element analysis of stimulus fields.

PMID- 3877678
TI  - A theoretical study of epidural electrical stimulation of the spinal cord--Part
      II: Effects on long myelinated fibers.

PMID- 3877679
TI  - Experience with aortocoronary bypass surgery.

PMID- 3877681
TI  - Rat Clq: isolation and purification from normal serum and development of a
      sensitive hemolytic assay.
AB  - Rat Clq was isolated and purified from normal rat serum by a two-step procedure:
      affinity chromatography on a human IgG-Sepharose 4B column and Bio-Gel A 5m
      column chromatography. From 1.8 l of normal serum, the procedure yielded 4.5 mg
      of homogeneous and hemolytically active rat Clq as shown by three bands of
      peptide in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions and
      by a single precipitin line between rat Clq and rabbit anti-rat Clq antibody.
      Rabbit anti-rat Clq antibody prepared by immunizing a rabbit with 225 micrograms
      of rat Clq was specific as shown by a single precipitin line between the antibody
      and normal rat serum and rat Clq with complete identity. The amino acid
      composition of rat Clq was very similar to that of human Clq. The purification
      procedure also yielded Clq-depleted rat serum which was used with the homogeneous
      Clq to establish a sensitive hemolytic assay: 4.5-13.5 ng of rat Clq can be
      reproducibly quantitated. The concentration of Clq in Brown Norway rats was
      estimated to be 41.5 +/- 3.0 micrograms/ml serum.

PMID- 3877680
TI  - Mapping H-1 with the distal break point of chromosome 7 in Cattanach's insertion.

PMID- 3877682
TI  - Regulation of lymphocyte reactivity by plasma fibronectin: cellular requirements.
AB  - Purified rat plasma fibronectin (Fn) induces significant inhibition of rat lymph
      node T cell reactivity to PHA in the presence of enriched populations of
      macrophage accessory cells. The pattern of inhibition is similar whether
      macrophages are obtained from peritoneal exudates or spleen. Maximal inhibition
      by Fn is effected at macrophage concentrations higher (2-3% of the T cell number)
      than that required for optimal lymphocyte proliferation (0.5-1.0%), however
      significant inhibition was also demonstrated at these optimal concentrations. Fn
      pulsed adherent macrophages, when used as accessory cells, are capable of
      inducing significant inhibition of T cell reactivity to PHA although to a lesser
      degree than when Fn is continuously present throughout the culture period.
      Pulsing purified T cells with Fn has no effect on the proliferative response.
      Nondialyzed supernatants from 24 hour cocultures of peritoneal exudate
      macrophages and Fn fail to influence the T cell proliferative response when
      compared to supernatants from macrophages cultured in medium only or with added
      rat serum albumin. Thus, the inhibitory effect evoked by Fn appears to be
      mediated at the accessory cell membrane and not by the enhanced production of
      soluble inhibitors released as a result of the Fn-macrophage interaction.

PMID- 3877683
TI  - Circulating IgA immune complexes in AIDS.
AB  - Circulating immune complexes were isolated from the serum of patients with AIDS,
      as well as patients with other acute and chronic viral diseases. Analysis of
      these immune complexes by methods of flow cytometry and by radioimmune (Raji
      cell) assay revealed a prevalence of IgA complexes in the serum of AIDS patients
      and a prevalence of IgG complexes in the serum of patients with other viral
      diseases. Raji cells bind immune complexes via Fc and complement (C3) receptors
      and may detect IgA immune complexes more efficiently than a C1q assay since IgA
      has no affinity for C1q.

PMID- 3877684
TI  - Isolation and purification of a small peptide with activity of increasing E
      receptor expression from calf thymus.
AB  - A small peptide of molecular mass lower than 1,000 daltons was isolated and
      purified from a crude extract of calf thymus. It has been demonstrated to have
      the activity of increasing E-rosette formation and E-receptor expression of human
      and porcine T-lymphocytes with three different in vitro assays. Amino acid
      composition analysis showed that this peptide consists of glutamic acid, aspartic
      acid and glycine residues at a molecular ratio of 3:3:2. A hypothesis of a multi
      factoral and multi-staged mechanism of regulation of thymocyte differentiation
      and maturation in the thymus is proposed.

PMID- 3877685
TI  - Histogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma: a B-cell tumour of mucosa-associated lymphoid
      tissue.
AB  - The designation Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) has proved to be of great convenience but
      has left undetermined the histogenesis of the tumour and its relationship to
      other B-cell lymphomas. One definition proposed for BL has been based on its
      relationship to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The EBV negativity of some BLs and the
      association of EBV with other non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, however, makes this
      definition unsatisfactory. Cytogenetic changes involving the translocations of
      part of chromosome 8 also are not specific for BL. In the Kiel classification, BL
      appears as a lymphoblastic lymphoma. However, lymphoblastic lymphomas and
      leukaemias arise from pre-B and early T cells, whereas BL shows characteristics
      of a more mature B cell. Mann et al. (1976) considered BL to be related to
      follicle centre-cell lymphomas. The morphology and immunological phenotype of BL
      are consistent with this hypothesis, although it would appear that BL is more
      restricted in its capabilities of further differentiation than other follicle
      centre-cell lymphomas. This lack of differentiation may be related to EBV
      infection. The characteristic anatomical distribution of BL is quite unlike that
      of most follicle centre-cell lymphomas and should be considered in the search for
      its histogenesis. BL involves the jaws during the period of maximum dental
      development, and also the salivary glands, thyroid, abdominal viscera and
      abdominal lymph nodes. Massive involvement of the breasts during pregnancy and
      lactation is characteristic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3877686
TI  - Reactivity pattern of the B-leukaemia-associated monoclonal antibody anti-Y
      29/55.

PMID- 3877687
TI  - [Combined surgical technics to solve an endo-periodontal problem in the lower
      incisors].

PMID- 3877688
TI  - [Causes of transfusion incidents].
AB  - Even though the field of transfusion medicine is thoroughly researched, there
      still occur fatal transfusion accidents which are mostly due to organizational
      lacks. The error possibilities were divided in four groups, corresponding to the
      stages of a complete transfusion. A transfusion protocol is proposed.

PMID- 3877689
TI  - Stimulation of lymphoid cell proliferation by Mycoplasma orale, a common cell
      culture contaminant.
AB  - Mycoplasma orale, maintained as a contaminant of a mouse hybrid cell line,
      induces an intense proliferation in short-term culture of lymphoid cells of
      inbred mice. Cell division induced by the contaminated cell culture fluid reaches
      a maximum on day four and declines rapidly thereafter. Culture fluids from hybrid
      cells freed of contamination do not cause proliferation. Cells from the spleen,
      bone marrow, and thymus of each of several strains of inbred mice, including xid
      CBA/N, poorly responsive to lipopolysaccharide, are stimulated by the mitogen, as
      are cells from BALB/c nude mice. The characteristics of the stimulatory effect
      are analogous in several important aspects to those of naturally occurring T cell
      derived growth factors. In the absence of detectable numbers of T cells, both
      small and large B lymphocytes undergo mitosis in the presence of contaminated
      cell culture fluid, and B cells stimulated to divide by lipopolysaccharide are
      sustained for further rounds of replication by M. orale-containing cell culture
      fluid. The fluid also augments the stimulatory effect on thymocytes of suboptimum
      concentrations of phytohemagglutinin mimicking the effect of interleukin-1.
      Unlike with most naturally occurring lymphoid cell mitogens, however, the
      dividing cells do not go on to immunoglobulin secretion.

PMID- 3877690
TI  - Specific nature of Trichomonas vaginalis parasitism of host cell surfaces.
AB  - The adherence of Trichomonas vaginalis NYH 286 to host cells was evaluated by
      using monolayer cultures of HeLa and HEp-2 epithelial cells and human fibroblast
      cell lines. Saturation of sites on HeLa cells was achieved, yielding a maximal T.
      vaginalis NYH 286-to-cell ratio of two. The ability of radiolabeled NYH 286 to
      compete with unlabeled trichomonads for attachment and the time, temperature, and
      pH-dependent nature of host cell parasitism reinforced the idea of specific
      parasite-cell associations. Other trichomonal isolates (JH31A, RU375, and JHHR)
      were also found to adhere to cell monolayers, albeit to different degrees, and
      all isolates produced maximal contact-dependent HeLa cell cytotoxicity. The
      avirulent trichomonad, Trichomonas tenax, did not adhere to cell monolayers and
      did not cause host cell damage. Interestingly, parasite cytadherence was greater
      with HeLa and HEp-2 epithelial cells than with fibroblast cells. In addition,
      cytotoxicity with fibroblast cells never exceeded 20% of the level of cell
      killing observed for epithelial cells. Elucidation of properties of the
      pathogenic human trichomonads that allowed for host cell surface parasitism was
      also attempted. Treatment of motile T. vaginalis NYH 286 with trypsin diminished
      cell parasitism. Incubation of trypsinized organisms in growth medium allowed for
      regeneration of trichomonal adherence, and cycloheximide inhibited the
      regeneration of attachment. Organisms poisoned with metronidazole or iodoacetate
      failed to attach to host cells, and adherent trichomonads exposed to
      metronidazole or iodoacetate were readily released from parasitized cells.
      Coincubation experiments with polycationic proteins and sugars and pretreatment
      of parasites or cells with neuraminidase or periodate had no effect on host cell
      parasitism. Colchicine and cytochalasin B, however, did produce some inhibition
      of adherence to HeLa cells. The data suggest that metabolizing T. vaginalis
      adheres to host cells via parasite surface proteins in a specific receptor-ligand
      fashion. Furthermore, parasitism of epithelial cells appears to render this cell
      type more susceptible than fibroblast cell types to contact-dependent
      cytotoxicity.

PMID- 3877691
TI  - Haemophilus influenzae type b infection in childhood: history of bacteremia and
      antigenemia.
AB  - Groups of children (mean age, 31.4 months) with Haemophilus influenzae type b
      meningitis, epiglottitis, or septic arthritis were tested for the presence and
      levels of bacteremia, capsular polyribophosphate (PRP) antigenemia, and
      development of specific antibody in serum after the onset of acute illness.
      Although bacteremia cleared promptly after antibiotic therapy, circulating PRP
      could be detected in serum for relatively long periods, with 51% of the patients
      still having detectable antigen after 30 days postinfection. Even in the presence
      of specific antibody, antigenemia persisted for as long as 47 days after
      admission. It was observed that there was no statistically significant
      correlation between the persistence of antigenemia and age (P greater than 0.2),
      the initial antigen concentration (P greater than 0.50), or the development of
      antibody (P greater than 0.20). The presence of a low magnitude of bacteremia
      (less than 300 organisms per ml) was associated with a maximum concentration of
      10 ng of PRP per ml. On the other hand, bacterial counts in excess of 10(4)/ml
      were associated with greater than 1,000 ng of PRP per ml (r = 0.98, r2 = 0.96, P
      less than 0.001). It was observed that the amount of circulating PRP in the acute
      phase of illness was related to whether a child developed convalescent-phase
      antibody. Invariably, the younger children, who primarily had meningitis, had a
      PRP concentration of greater than 10 ng/ml and failed to develop an antibody
      response in any isotype, whereas the older patients, who primarily had infections
      other than meningitis, had a PRP concentration of less than 10 ng/ml and a 45.5%
      success rate in developing an antibody response (P = 0.006). These findings
      suggest that there is a direct correlation between the magnitudes of bacteremia
      and antigenemia, that antigen may persist for long periods even in the presence
      of antibody, and that the level of antigenemia in addition to the patient age is
      significantly related to the nature of the convalescent-phase antibody response.

PMID- 3877692
TI  - Established macrophagelike cell lines synthesize interleukin-1 in response to
      toxic shock syndrome toxin.
AB  - Toxic shock syndrome toxin is already known to induce the production of
      interleukin-1 (IL-1) by preparations of monocytes and macrophages that are
      presumably contaminated with other types of cells. The response is enhanced by
      increasing the density of such monocytes, suggesting that the monocyte's response
      to toxic shock syndrome toxin may be augmented by its interaction with some other
      cell. Nevertheless, we now show that several human and murine macrophagelike cell
      lines (U937, J774, P388D1, and WEHI 3) produce IL-1 when exposed to toxic shock
      syndrome toxin, and therefore the basic response does not require the presence of
      cells of other lineages. The cultured cells generally produce less IL-1 than do
      monocytes, but considerably more IL-1 is induced from cells that have undergone a
      terminal differentiation as a result of exposure to 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin
      D3. High concentrations of cultured cels suppress the production of IL-1; this
      effect is apparently not due to long-lived inhibitors of IL-1 production or of IL
      1 activity, but may be due to a short-lived inhibitor of production.

PMID- 3877693
TI  - Contact-dependent cytopathogenic mechanisms of Trichomonas vaginalis.
AB  - The cytopathogenic mechanisms of Trichomonas vaginalis have been debated since
      the 1940s. We examined the following three proposed pathogenic mechanisms:
      contact-dependent extracellular killing, cytophagocytosis, and extracellular
      cytotoxins. Serial observations of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell monolayers
      exposed to trichomonads revealed that (i) trichomonads form clumps, (ii) the
      clumps adhere to cells in culture, and (iii) monolayer destruction occurs only in
      areas of contact with T. vaginalis. Kinetic analysis of target cell killing by
      trichomonads revealed that the probability of CHO cell death was related to the
      probability of contact with T. vaginalis, supporting the observation by
      microscopy that trichomonads kill cells only by direct contact. Simultaneous
      studies of 111indium oxine label release from CHO cells and trypan blue dye
      exclusion demonstrated that T. vaginalis kills target cells without phagocytosis.
      Filtrates of trichomonad cultures or from media in which trichomonads were
      killing CHO cells had no effect on CHO cell monolayers, indicating that
      trichomonads do not kill cells by a cell-free or secreted cytotoxin. The
      microfilament inhibitor cytochalasin D (10 micrograms/ml) inhibited trichomonad
      killing of CHO cell monolayers by 80% (P less than 0.0001). In contrast, the
      microtubule inhibitor vinblastine (10(-6) M) caused only 17% inhibition of
      trichomonad destruction of CHO cell monolayers (P less than 0.020), whereas
      colchicine (10(-6) M) had no effect. T. vaginalis kills target cells by direct
      contact without phagocytosis. This event requires intact trichomonad
      microfilament function; microtubule function appears not to be essential.

PMID- 3877694
TI  - Nickel binding and uptake in thymocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes of
      nickel-allergic and control subjects.
AB  - In the present investigation, the binding and uptake of 63NiCl2 was studied in
      human thymocytes and in peripheral blood lymphocytes from nickel-allergic and
      control subjects. A direct binding of the isotope to the lymphocyte membranes was
      shown by autoradiography. This binding was not more marked in peripheral blood
      lymphocytes of nickel-allergic subjects than in those of control subjects or in
      thymocytes. As judged by liquid scintillation, there was an uptake of isotope
      both into the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cells, being low compared to the
      medium activity. The uptake into blood lymphocyte nuclei of nickel-allergic
      subjects was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than into those of the
      control group. The present findings indicate a direct action of nickel on
      lymphocytes, which might be of importance for DNA synthesis stimulation.

PMID- 3877695
TI  - Subclasses of human IgG anti-Fab antibodies: parameters for optimum detection.
AB  - In this study we have defined the parameters needed for the optimum detection of
      anti-Fab antibodies in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We have
      found that the majority of the anti-Fab antibodies are of the IgG3 and IgG4
      subclasses which were not optimally detected using polyclonal heterologous anti
      human IgG antisera; subclass-specific antibodies instead were needed.
      Additionally we determined that dissociation of circulating immune complexes by
      dialysis against urea for 3-7 days was also needed for the detection of these
      antibodies. Lastly we have shown that the dissociated complexes can recombine
      with their target Fab molecules, and therefore separation of the anti-Fab
      antibodies from the other immunoglobulins by chromatofocusing may enhance the
      detection of these antibodies. When the above conditions were fulfilled it was
      determined that IgG anti-Fab antibodies could be detected in rheumatoid arthritis
      and normal sera and that acidic IgG3 and IgG4 subclasses predominated. However,
      IgG3 levels were 10.5-fold higher in rheumatoid arthritis sera (p less than 0.05)
      and IgG4 levels 5-fold higher (p less than 0.01) than in normal sera.

PMID- 3877696
TI  - Immunologic responses to intravenous streptokinase in dogs.
AB  - Streptokinase is used worldwide as a thrombolytic agent. Allergic reactions to
      streptokinase have been reported, but the immunologic mechanisms have not been
      well characterized. To develop a canine model of streptokinase immune responses
      analogous to human responses, four dogs received intravenous streptokinase
      infusions. Significant rises in IgG, IgA and IgM antibody levels occurred after
      streptokinase administration in three of four dogs; a fourth dog developed
      significant increases in IgG and IgA antibody levels. Two dogs developed
      immediate-type cutaneous hypersensitivity to streptokinase. One dog developed
      subacute dermatitis with eosinophilic infiltrates which was possibly a
      manifestation of an allergic reaction to streptokinase.

PMID- 3877697
TI  - Polyclonal activation of guinea pig spleen lymphocytes.
AB  - The incorporation of 3H-thymidine in newly formed DNA was studied in guinea pig
      spleen cells stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and/or concanavalin A (Con
      A). In spleen cells stimulated by PHA, two peaks of thymidine uptake were
      observed for two different doses of lectin whatever the number of cultured cells.
      Furthermore, thymidine uptake is proportional to the number of the cultured
      cells. During Con A-induced mitogenesis, two peaks were also observed but only
      when using a great concentration of cells. Maximal thymidine incorporation
      depended on both the cell number and the concentration of Con A. When cells were
      stimulated by both PHA and Con A, thymidine uptake was strongly depressed as
      compared to the one observed using PHA or Con A alone. On the other hand,
      supernatants from unstimulated spleen cells had opposite effects on blastogenesis
      induced by Con A or by PHA; they depressed PHA-induced blastogenesis while
      enhancing the one induced by Con A. These results suggest that, in guinea pigs,
      both PHA and Con A induce thymidine incorporation in at least two lymphocyte
      populations through different mechanisms. This heterogeneity of lectin-induced T
      cell mitogenesis has to be taken in account when studying the mechanisms by which
      the immunomodulators are active at the T cell level.

PMID- 3877698
TI  - Isolation of Schistosoma japonicum egg-derived neutrophil stimulating factor: its
      role on eosinophil chemotactic factor release from neutrophils.
AB  - Neutrophil stimulating factor (NSF), which can stimulate polymorphonuclear
      neutrophils (PMNs) to release eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF), was isolated
      from Schistosoma japonicum soluble egg extract (SEA). The release of ECF from
      PMNs began as early as 5 min after stimulation and reached a peak at 40 min, and
      was dependent on the concentration of SEA. After Sephadex G150 gel filtration,
      toluene extraction, Sephadex G25 gel filtration and Dowex 1 X 8 anion exchange
      chromatography, NSF was identified as a hydrophilic and negatively charged
      component with a molecular weight of about 1,000 daltons. It was heat-stable at
      100 degrees C for 60 min. NSF was easily separable from SEA-derived neutrophil
      chemotactic factor or from SEA-derived ECF. PMNs are suggested to be one of the
      sources of ECF in the eosinophil accumulation of granulomatous lesions around the
      deposited eggs in schistosomiasis japonica.

PMID- 3877699
TI  - Induction of chromosome aberrations and cell killing in Syrian hamster
      fibroblasts by gamma-rays, X-rays and fast neutrons.
AB  - Chromosome aberrations were scored in BHK21 C13 Syrian hamster fibroblasts,
      exposed to 60Co gamma-rays, 250 kV X-rays, 15 MeV neutrons or neutrons of mean
      energy 2.1 MeV produced from the 9Be(d,n)10B reaction. The cells were irradiated
      in stationary phase, where they are concentrated in the G1 phase of the cell
      cycle. Within experimental uncertainty there was no detectable difference between
      the responses to 60Co gamma-rays and to 250kV X-rays. The r.b.e. for the
      production of dicentrics, based on the 'one-hit' component of response, was (5 +/
      2) for the 15 MeV neutrons and (12 +/- 5) for the 2.1 MeV neutrons. For each
      radiation, a graph of the proportion of cells without a dicentric, centric ring
      or acentric fragment corresponded closely to the survival curve for stationary
      phase cells obtained in the same experiment.

PMID- 3877700
TI  - The intrinsic radiosensitivity of lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia,
      quantitatively determined independently of cell death rate factors.
AB  - Survival curve shape for lymphocytes X-irradiated in vitro is governed by death
      rate as well as intrinsic radiosensitivity. We have resolved into these two
      components the survival curves obtained for CLL lymphocytes by use of a simple
      mathematical model. A multiple correlation coefficient comparing the predicted
      with the experimental survival curves was close to unity (0.954-0.999). For 14/18
      patients with unequivocal B-cell CLL, the leukaemic (colchicine ultrasensitive)
      cells behaved as a homogeneous population (D37 0.32-1.28 Gy). This is similar to
      the more radiosensitive class of lymphocytes of normal blood (believed to include
      the B cells) and is some 4-fold less than the more radioresistant class
      (comprising most of the T cells). The lethally hit cells were homogeneous in
      death rate, which followed first order kinetics. The half-life (range 9-87 h)
      was, on average, some 50 per cent shorter than the more radiosensitive normal
      lymphocytes. The remaining four patients constituted a miscellaneous group. From
      one of these, it can be seen that an excessively slow death rate can give the
      misleading impression of radioresistance. It is hypothesized that the benefit
      afforded certain CLL patients treated with low-dose total body irradiation (TBI)
      or splenic irradiation (SI) may reside, partly, in the sparing of T lymphocytes
      of the helper type and in accompanying selective elimination (or functional
      inactivation) of those of the suppressor type.

PMID- 3877701
TI  - Membrane radiosensitivity of fatty acid supplemented fibroblasts as assayed by
      the loss of intracellular potassium.
AB  - Leakage of potassium from mouse fibroblast LM cells, X-irradiated at 0 degrees C
      with doses up to 400 Gy is shown to be related to plasma membrane lipid
      composition. Fatty acid supplemented cells, containing about 40 per cent
      polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in their membranes were much more sensitive to
      radiation, as measured by increased permeability, than normal cells, which
      contained 7 per cent PUFA. The damage observed after irradiation at 0 degrees C
      was partially repaired during a post-irradiation incubation at 22 degrees C. The
      o.e.r. for potassium leakage was about 4 for normal fibroblasts and 8 for the
      PUFA-supplemented cells. No oxygen-dependent radiation damage could be observed
      in cells treated with high amounts of vitamin E. Depletion of glutathione in PUFA
      cells sensitized oxic cells to radiation damage, resulting in an increase of the
      o.e.r. from 8 to 17. No lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde production and
      disappearance of fatty acyl chains) could be demonstrated. While PUFA, normal and
      vitamin E grown cells showed a differential sensitivity in radiation-induced
      potassium leakage and trypan blue uptake (high doses, interphase death), no
      difference in radiation-induced clonogenic ability (reproductive death) could be
      observed after the different cell treatments. The experiments reported are
      supportive of a role of membranes in the mechanism of radiation-induced
      interphase death and show that increased damage may be expected when high amounts
      of polyunsaturated membrane lipids are present under conditions of low amounts of
      appropriate antioxidants.

PMID- 3877702
TI  - The response of normal and ataxia-telangiectasia human fibroblasts to the lethal
      effects of far, mid and near ultraviolet radiations.
AB  - The responses of two ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) cell strains to the lethal
      effects of monochromatic far, mid and near ultraviolet radiations have been
      determined and compared with the responses of three normal human cell strains.
      Our results confirm a previous observation that the A-T cell strain AT4BI is
      abnormally sensitive to the lethal effects of mid u.v. (313 nm) radiation. After
      far u.v. (254 nm) radiation the strain AT4BI exhibits a small but statistically
      significant increase in sensitivity compared to the normal strains. Of most
      interest, in terms of a mechanistic interpretation of the sensitivity of A-T
      strains, the survival responses of neither A-T strain tested to near u.v. (365
      nm) radiation differed significantly from the mean response of the normal
      strains, although it is of interest that one normal strain (48BR) was found to be
      significantly more resistant to near u.v. radiation than any of the other strains
      tested. The results are discussed in terms of the possible induction of
      radiogenic lesions in DNA by ultraviolet radiations and the possible mechanisms
      of radiation sensitivity in ataxia-telangiectasia.

PMID- 3877703
TI  - Potential radiosensitizing effect in vivo of nitroxyl spin labels.

PMID- 3877705
TI  - Bremsstrahlung imaging after 32P treatment for residual suprasellar cyst.
AB  - A patient with residual suprasellar cystic neoplasm was treated by direct
      instillation of the 32P colloid. The incidental bremsstrahlung images on a
      conventional gamma camera helped to localize the pharmaceutical within and
      outside of the lesion. Advantages of bremsstrahlung imaging and the dosimetry
      results of phantom studies carried out are described.

PMID- 3877704
TI  - A simplified technique for quantifying 24-h whole body retention of 99mTc-labeled
      methylene diphosphonate (MDP).
AB  - A simple technique for measuring 24-h whole-body retention (24-h WBR) of 99mTc
      labeled methylene diphosphonate (MDP) is described. We chose a standard thyroid
      probe-scaler system (Picker-Magna Scanner) as our counting instrument and
      characterized it relative to: photon saturability; optimum counting time post
      administration; patient positioning; and results with prostate cancer patients
      with positive/negative scintigram diagnoses for bone metastases. Whole body
      retention values of 99mTc at 24 h were easily measured with our instrumentation.
      Initially whole body count rates were determined at 5-min post injection and,
      again at 24 h. Data accumulated prior to the 5-min time period were inaccurate
      due to a higher sensitivity for the activity in the early circulation. Also,
      initial count rates obtained from patients injected with (740 MBq) (20 mCi) 99mTc
      MDP usually required a correction due to detector saturation. The data observed
      at 24 h, representing skeletal tracer uptake, required no such correction.
      Patient positioning was rigorously controlled for the two time intervals to
      insure constant geometry. The 24 h-WBR values measured for prostate cancer
      patients with positive bone scintigrams was significantly different from those
      patients with negative scintigrams (58.8 +/- 8.7% and 29.2 +/- 9.6%
      respectively). Measurement of the 24 h-WBR has great potential for following
      various pathologies in the clinical setting.

PMID- 3877706
TI  - Influenza virus A/Kumamoto haemagglutinin induces type I, III, and IV
      hypersensitivity in mice.
AB  - Influenza virus A/Kumamoto haemagglutinin was found to induce type I, III, and IV
      hypersensitivity in mice. MRL/Mp-I pr/lpr (MRL/l) mice are known to be lower
      responders to, and poor inducers of, interleukin-2 (IL-2). Recombinant IL-2 was
      found to augment the type III reaction in BALB/c mice and to suppress the
      reaction in MRL/I mice in vivo. Cyclophosphamide 100 mg/kg had a selective
      suppressive effect on the suppressor T cells responsible for type IV reaction,
      and subsequently the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) was augmented. Higher
      doses of cyclophosphamide suppressed both suppressor and effector T cells in DTH,
      and subsequently the DTH was suppressed markedly. This experimental model system
      employing viral haemagglutinin may provide a new screening method for the
      development of immunomodulators.

PMID- 3877707
TI  - Adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in amblyopia.
AB  - Adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is demonstrated by changes in
      gain in response to discrepancies between visual and vestibular stimulation. The
      authors have investigated the effect of monocular asymmetries of OKN in amblyopia
      upon adapting the gain of the VOR. Adaptation was investigated by modifying the
      horizontal balance of the VOR. While monocularly fixating a head referenced spot
      for 2 min, subjects were sinusoidally oscillated on a chair inside an optokinetic
      drum that rotated in one direction (left or right) at the peak velocity of
      sinusoidal chair rotation. The VOR was then measured during continued sinusoidal
      body oscillation in darkness for 1 min. Imbalance of the horizontal VOR gain
      equalled the ratio of slow phase velocities in the rightward and leftward
      directions. After rotating the drum in the nasalward direction, an increase was
      observed in slow phase gain of the VOR in the nasalward direction for either eye
      of our amblyopes that was significantly greater than similar changes in gain for
      the normals. Increased VOR gains for the amblyopic group following temporalward
      stimulation were significantly less than the nasal aftereffect. Gain changes of
      the VOR in normals had similar magnitudes following nasal or temporal
      stimulation. These results suggest that disturbances of OKN in amblyopia are
      common to the pathways that modify the slow phase gain of the VOR.

PMID- 3877708
TI  - An unusual etiology of multiple pulmonary nodules.

PMID- 3877709
TI  - Interleukin 2 liberation and absorption capacities of rat T lymphocytes in
      conditions of severe adenylic nucleotide pool depletion due to adenosine
      deaminase deficiency.
AB  - In rat lymph node lymphocytes stimulated for 24 h by concanavalin A in the
      presence of 10(-5) M 2'-deoxycoformycin (a potent inhibitor of adenosine
      deaminase) and 10(-5) M 2'-deoxyadenosine the adenylic nucleotide pool was
      reduced by 55.5% without modification of either the adenylic energy charge or the
      ability of the cells to liberate interleukin 2. In the same conditions, the
      ability of rat spleen cells to bind exogenous interleukin 2 activity was not
      modified. The proliferative response to concanavalin A stimulation was completely
      inhibited after a 86-h culture period under adenosine deaminase deficiency
      conditions. It could not be restored by elimination of 2'-deoxyadenosine after a
      20-h pretreatment, when adenylic nucleotide pool depletion was 72.4% whereas the
      interleukin 2 liberation ability was not suppressed. These results suggest that
      among the early consequences of adenosine deaminase deficiency conditions, which
      occur before S phase of the cell cycle, the depletion of adenylic nucleotide
      pool, rather than the impairment of interleukin 2 liberation and absorption
      capacities, may account for the inability of the lymphocytes to respond to
      mitogenic stimulation.

PMID- 3877710
TI  - [Circumscribed scleroderma: internal manifestations and significant correlation
      to HLA-DR1 and DR5].
AB  - In 44 patients with morphea the incidence of internal organ involvement was
      studied. For the clinical study, only patients with disseminated (22 patients),
      linear (20 patients), and generalized morphea (2 patients) were considered.
      Systemic parameters were determined for inflammation and the function of the
      esophagus, lung, heart and kidneys. In 22 patients, mostly with the linear form
      of morphea, the muscles were studied by electromyography. In 23 patients the HLA
      A, HLA-B, HLA-C and HLA-DR patterns were determined; 27% of the patients showed
      systemic organ manifestations. Esophagus function was impaired in 10 and lung
      function in 6 cases; 15 patients showed myositis. The degree of systemic
      involvement was correlated with the type of morphea and the grade of systemic
      inflammation. Generalized morphea showed a high rate of organ involvement (2 of
      2); in linear morphea organ involvement was reduced to 34% and in the
      disseminated form, to 14%. There was a significant association of HLA-DR1 and 
      DR5 with the different types of morphea.

PMID- 3877711
TI  - [Experience with fibrin glue in type-III tympanoplasty with stapes elevation].
AB  - In a retrospective study, type III tympanoplasties with stapes elevation on two
      groups of patients were compared. In group I (101 patients) the stapes
      elevations, the temporalis fascia grafts for tympanic membrane reconstruction,
      the grafts of periosteum and cartilage used for repair defects of the posterior
      bony meatal wall and the Stacke-II plasty replaced in its original position after
      tympanoplasty were also fixed with fibrin glue (Tissucol). Group II (control
      group of 102 patients) was operated with fibrin glue. In group I the fascial
      grafts of the tympanic membrane healed faster, more securely and without fewer
      complications. The external auditory canal however healed equally well in both
      groups. Early hearing results of type III tympanoplasty could be improved by
      fixing the stapes elevations with fibrin glue.

PMID- 3877712
TI  - Hepatic toxicity associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: report of a case.

PMID- 3877713
TI  - Repair of a delayed-union stress fracture of the dorsal cortex of a metacarpal
      bone in a horse.
AB  - A delayed union metacarpal stress fracture was repaired in a horse, using lag
      screw fixation in conjunction with dc electrical stimulation. Twelve weeks after
      surgery, radiographic and scintigraphic evaluations revealed that the fracture
      line was not discernible and that there was a decrease in radiopharmaceutic
      uptake, as compared with that in previous bone imaging studies. In this horse, DC
      stimulation of a delayed union stress fracture in a bone resulted in a healing
      pattern similar to that in human beings with delayed union fractures when treated
      with electrical stimulation.

PMID- 3877714
TI  - Formadicins, new monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics of bacterial origin. II.
      Isolation, characterization and structures.
AB  - New monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics, formadicins A, B, C and D, were isolated
      from the culture filtrate of Flexibacter alginoliquefaciens sp. nov. YK-49 by
      various types of column chromatography and preparative reverse-phase HPLC. Their
      structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses and degradation studies.
      They have a nocardicin-type skeleton and a formylamino group at the 3- or 12
      position. Formadicins A and B each have a D-glucuronide moiety and give
      formadicins C and D, respectively, upon hydrolysis using beta-D-glucuronidase.

PMID- 3877715
TI  - Relation of binaural interaction and spectro-temporal characteristics in the
      auditory midbrain of the grassfrog.
AB  - The relation between binaural interaction type and spectro-temporal
      characteristics was studied for single units in the auditory midbrain of the
      grassfrog. Tonal and continuous wideband noise ensembles have been used as
      stimuli. Spectro-temporal sensitivities were determined for ipsi-, contra- and
      bilateral stimulus presentation by a closed sound system. Binaural interaction
      was classified in monaural EO (one ear excitatory), binaural EE (both ears
      excitatory) and EI (one ear excitatory, the other inhibitory) and purely
      inhibitory categories. Binaural interaction appeared to be rather invariant to
      alterations in stimulus intensity and type. A very clear correlation was observed
      between best frequency and binaural interaction type: EE units are predominantly
      of high best frequency, whereas EI units are predominantly of low best frequency.
      The correlation with latency was less significant: EE units tended to have
      somewhat shorter latencies that EI units. EO units take an intermediate position.
      Comparisons of ipsi-, contra- and bilateral spectro-temporal sensitivities,
      revealed differences in best frequency, latency and temporal discharge pattern.
      In some units a complex interplay of excitatory and inhibitory monaural
      influences was demonstrated. A number of units was recorded, which were
      characterized by multiple activation or suppression areas. The majority of these
      units exhibited frequency-dependent binaural interaction types. In some units it
      was noticed that binaural interaction type can be dependent on state of
      adaptation. A comparison of binaural interaction types of neighbouring units
      provided only weak evidence for a binaural organization in the anuran auditory
      midbrain, since simultaneously recorded pairs shared the same binaural
      interaction type only slightly more than expected by mere chance (chi 2-test, P
      less than 0.10).

PMID- 3877716
TI  - The energetic inter-relations of the teeth and the body.

PMID- 3877717
TI  - The comparative in-vitro activity of twelve 4-quinolone antimicrobials against
      Haemophilus ducreyi.
AB  - We have compared the in-vitro activity of 12 quinolone antibiotics against 50
      recent isolates of Haemophilus ducreyi from The Gambia. While these isolates were
      relatively resistant to the parent compounds, the newly synthesized quinolones
      exerted significant activity against H. ducreyi. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were
      the most active compounds (MIC90 0.03 mg/l).

PMID- 3877718
TI  - Flucloxacillin concentration in serum and wound exudate during open heart
      surgery.
AB  - Per-operative serum and wound fluid concentrations achieved by two flucloxacillin
      dosage regimens were measured in twelve patients undergoing open heart surgery.
      One 500 mg bolus dose given after the induction of anaesthesia in six patients
      resulted in adequate serum concentrations (means decreasing from 69 to 9 mg/l)
      during surgery, but low wound fluid concentrations (mean 4.6 mg/l, range less
      than 2-7.8 mg/l) at the time of closure. An additional 500 mg bolus dose given
      after bypass in six further patients gave more satisfactory wound concentrations
      (mean 16 mg/l, range 8.6-22.5 mg/l). Disc absorption is a useful technique for
      assaying antibiotics in wound fluid, but the results are difficult to interpret
      since they represent a sum of concentrations in a complex and changing mixture of
      interstitial tissue fluid, blood and cardioplegia solution.

PMID- 3877719
TI  - In-vitro activity of Ro-15-8074, a new oral cephalosporin.
AB  - The in-vitro activity of Ro-15-8074, a new oral cephalosporin, was tested against
      common clinical isolates, and compared with the in-vitro activity of cefaclor,
      cefadroxil, ampicillin and co-trimoxazole. Its activity against
      Enterobacteriaceae was better than those of the other antibiotics tested. It was
      also highly active against Haemophilus influenzae, including beta-lactamase
      producing strains. Its activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter
      spp., was poor. Ro-15-8074 was less active against staphylococci and group D
      streptococci than were cefaclor, cefadroxil and ampicillin. It was equally or
      less active than cefaclor, cefadroxil, ampicillin and co-trimoxazole against
      other streptococci.

PMID- 3877720
TI  - Porphyrin binding by the surface array virulence protein of Aeromonas
      salmonicida.
AB  - Congo red binding by virulent A-layer-containing (A+) and avirulent A-layer
      deficient (A-) strains of Aeromonas salmonicida was examined. Congo red binding
      to A+ cells was enhanced by salt and thus hydrophobically driven, but at low
      Congo red concentrations binding was salt independent. Congo red was bound by A+
      cells by a kinetically distinct mechanism (Kd, 0.25 microM) which was absent in A
      isogenic strains. Purified A-layer protein ("A protein") protein A also bound
      Congo red with similar affinity (Kd, 0.40 microM). Congo red binding was
      structurally specific; it was not influenced by a wide variety of compounds
      including amino acids and nucleotides and only weakly inhibited by structurally
      similar dyes. However, protoporphyrin IX and hemin were strong competitive
      inhibitors of Congo red binding. Protoporphyrin and hemin were bound only by A+
      strains (KdS of 0.41 and 0.63 microM, respectively). Furthermore, binding of
      these porphyrins was strongly inhibited by Congo red but weakly inhibited by
      hematoporphyrin. Purified A protein also bound protoporphyrin IX and hemin with
      affinities similar to those of A+ cells (KdS of 0.94 and 0.41 microM,
      respectively.

PMID- 3877721
TI  - Primary structure of bovine matrix Gla protein, a new vitamin K-dependent bone
      protein.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of bovine bone matrix Gla protein (MGP) was
      determined by automatic sequence analysis of the intact protein and of peptides
      isolated from tryptic and BNPS-skatole digests. This 79-residue, vitamin K
      dependent protein contains a single disulfide bond and 4.8 gamma-carboxyglutamate
      (Gla) residues, one each at positions 37, 41, 48, and 52, and 0.8 Gla and 0.2 Glu
      at position 2. There is sufficient sequence homology between MGP and bone Gla
      protein (BGP) to indicate that these two bovine bone proteins arose by gene
      duplication and subsequent divergent evolution. Although MGP has a very low
      solubility in water compared to BGP, there is no hydrophobic domain in MGP which
      could account for its insolubility, and the overall fraction of hydrophobic
      residues is 32% for MGP compared to 43% for BGP. MGP is the first vitamin K
      dependent protein to be discovered which has several non-gamma-carboxylated
      residues to the NH2-terminal side of its Gla residues. The presence of NH2
      terminal Glu residues between the putative targeting domain for the gamma
      carboxylase in the MGP leader sequence and the mid-molecule Gla residues suggests
      that the gamma-carboxylase may have additional, as yet unrecognized, specificity
      requirements which determine the susceptibility of Glu residues for gamma
      carboxylation.

PMID- 3877722
TI  - Epidermal growth factor stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of specific proteins
      in permeabilized human fibroblasts.
AB  - We have investigated the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated tyrosine
      specific protein kinase activity in quiescent cultures of diploid human
      fibroblasts that have a well characterized mitogenic response to EGF. We
      developed a method of permeabilizing cells with digitonin or other agents that
      permitted the rapid labeling of cellular proteins with exogenously added [gamma
      32P]ATP while allowing only about 25% of marker cytosolic enzymes to escape from
      the cells. When phosphatases were inhibited with zinc and vanadate, EGF induced
      up to 8-fold stimulation of the incorporation of radioactivity from [gamma
      32P]ATP into a 35-kDa band on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. Alkali treatment of
      gels showed that EGF stimulated the phosphorylation of bands with apparent
      molecular masses of 170, 45, 35, 26, 22, and 21 kDa. Phosphoamino acid analysis
      was performed on the 170- and 35-kDa bands and revealed that the EGF-stimulated
      phosphorylation was on tyrosyl residues. The 35-kDa band was resolved into four
      spots by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The most acidic form was the most
      prominent and it was precipitated by an antiserum against a 35-kDa protein from A
      431 cells; heretofore, this protein has only been reported to be phosphorylated
      in an EGF-dependent manner by A-431 membranes in vitro (Fava, R. A., and Cohen,
      S. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 2636-2645). This antiserum also precipitated a 35
      kDa phospho-protein from extracts of intact [32P]orthophosphate-labeled
      fibroblasts which was phosphorylated on tyrosine in an EGF-dependent manner. None
      of the forms of the 35-kDa phosphoproteins labeled in permeabilized cells were
      immunologically related to the 34-kDa protein that is a substrate for the tyrosyl
      kinase encoded by Rous sarcoma virus. Other mitogens (serum, insulin, platelet
      derived growth factor, and thrombin) did not detectably stimulate phosphorylation
      in permeabilized cells.

PMID- 3877723
TI  - cAMP-dependent protein kinase and lipolysis in rat adipocytes. II. Definition of
      steady-state relationship with lipolytic and antilipolytic modulators.
AB  - The steady-state relationship between the activation state of cAMP-dependent
      protein kinase (A-kinase) and lipolysis has been defined quantitatively. A-kinase
      activation was assessed by measuring the ( +/- cAMP) activity ratio in adipocyte
      extracts, and lipolysis was determined by measuring glycerol release from cells.
      Both processes were stimulated either by incubating cells in a ligand-free
      environment achieved with adenosine deaminase or by addition of lipolytic
      hormones. A response spectrum was obtained with a variety of adenylate cyclase
      stimulators and inhibitors, both receptor- and nonreceptor-mediated. Regardless
      of the ligands used to manipulate adipocyte activity, lipolysis varied from nil
      to maximal as the A-kinase activity ratio varied from approximately 0.05 to 0.3
      0.35. These data provide a quantitative description of the steady-state
      relationship between A-kinase activity and lipolysis and indicate that the
      various lipolytic and antilipolytic agents tested act on the lipolytic process
      exclusively by altering adenylate cyclase activity and, thus, cellular cAMP
      concentrations. The data reveal also that transient "peaking" of cAMP, as
      measured by A-kinase activity ratios, is not an inherent feature of adipocyte
      metabolism. Moreover, the concentration requirements for lipolytic hormone action
      are critically dependent on the ambient concentration of antilipolytic agents,
      and t concentration requirements for antilipolytic agents are dependent on the
      extent to which cells are stimulated. The data in this paper provide the basis
      for assessing the relationship between A-kinase activity ratio and lipolysis in
      the presence of insulin (Londos, C., Honnor, R. C., and Dhillon, G. S. (1985) J.
      Biol. Chem. 260, 15139-15145).

PMID- 3877724
TI  - Kinetic mechanism of 1-N6-etheno-2-aza-ATP hydrolysis by bovine ventricular
      myosin subfragment 1 and actomyosin subfragment 1. The nucleotide binding steps.
AB  - The large change in fluorescence emission of 1-N6-etheno-2-aza-ATP (epsilon-aza
      ATP) has been used to investigate the kinetic mechanism of etheno-aza nucleotide
      binding to bovine cardiac myosin subfragment 1 (myosin-S1) and actomyosin
      subfragment 1 (actomyosin-S1). The time course of nucleotide fluorescence
      enhancement observed during epsilon-aza-ATP hydrolysis is qualitatively similar
      to the time course of tryptophan fluorescence enhancement observed during ATP
      hydrolysis. In single turnover experiments, the nucleotide fluorescence rapidly
      increases to a maximum level, then decreases with a rate constant of 0.045 s-1 to
      a final level, which is about 30% of the maximal enhancement; a similar
      fluorescence enhancement is obtained by adding epsilon-aza-ADP to cardiac myosin
      S1 or actomyosin-S1 under the same conditions (100 mM KCl, 10 mM 4
      morpholinepropanesulfonic acid, 5 mM MgCl2, 0.1 mM dithiothreitol, pH 7.0, 15
      degrees C). The kinetic data are consistent with a mechanism in which there are
      two sequential (acto)myosin-S1 nucleotide complexes with enhanced nucleotide
      fluorescence following epsilon-aza-ATP binding. The apparent second order rate
      constants of epsilon-aza-ATP binding to cardiac myosin subfragment 1 and
      actomyosin subfragment 1 are 2-12 times slower than those for ATP. Actin
      increases the rate of epsilon-aza-ADP dissociation from bovine cardiac myosin-S1
      from 1.9 to 110 s-1 at 15 degrees C which can be compared to 0.3 and 65 s-1 for
      ADP dissociation under similar conditions. Although there are quantitative
      differences between the rate and equilibrium constants of epsilon-aza- and
      adenosine nucleotides to cardiac actomyosin-S1 and myosin-S1, the basic features
      of the nucleotide binding steps of the mechanism are unchanged.

PMID- 3877725
TI  - The structure of phenobarbital-inducible rat liver cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme PB
      4. Production and characterization of site-specific antibodies.
AB  - Fifteen peptides corresponding in sequence to segments of the major phenobarbital
      inducible forms of rat hepatic cytochrome P-450 (termed P-450 PB-4 and P-450 PB
      5) were chemically synthesized, conjugated to carrier proteins, and used to
      prepare site-specific rabbit and/or mouse antipeptide antibodies. Four of the
      synthetic peptides were recognized by rabbit heterosera raised against purified P
      450 PB-4. The titer of these heterosera measured against P-450 PB-4 was only
      partially reduced upon complete adsorption of antipeptide activity suggesting
      that these peptides represent minor antigenic determinants. Each of the
      antipeptide antibodies recognized purified P-450 PB-4 and the highly homologous P
      450 PB-5 as demonstrated by a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
      Although each antipeptide immunoprecipitated both purified 125I-labeled P-450 PB
      4 and also in vitro-synthesized apo-P-450 PB-4, the yields of immunoprecipitation
      were low relative to that obtained using anti-P-450 heterosera. Only one of the
      antipeptide antibodies gave a good signal in an immunoblot analysis of either
      microsomal or purified P-450s PB-4 and PB-5. Three antipeptide antibodies raised
      against hydrophilic segments located in the amino-terminal one-third of P-450 PB
      4 markedly inhibited the P-450 PB-4-catalyzed O-deethylation of the model
      substrate 7-ethoxycoumarin. Four of the antipeptide antibodies were found to
      cross-react with P-450 beta NF-B, the major aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible rat
      hepatic P-450, suggesting that certain amino acid sequences or regions of
      secondary structure are conserved between the major phenobarbital-induced and
      polycyclic-induced rat liver P-450 isoenzymes. These studies demonstrate the
      utility of antipeptide antibodies for evaluation of antigenic sites exposed in
      native P-450 PB-4, for identification of specific amino acid sequences important
      for the interaction of P-450 PB-4 with its substrate and/or with cytochrome P-450
      reductase in a reconstituted system and for elucidation of structural and
      immunochemical homologies between P-450 PB-4 and other P-450 isoenzymes present
      in rat liver endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 3877726
TI  - Ascorbic acid regulation of norepinephrine biosynthesis in isolated chromaffin
      granules from bovine adrenal medulla.
AB  - The effect of ascorbic acid on the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine was
      investigated in isolated chromaffin granules from bovine adrenal medulla.
      Ascorbic acid was shown to double the rate of [3H]norepinephrine formation from
      [3H]dopamine, despite no demonstrable accumulation of ascorbic acid into
      chromaffin granules. The enhancement of norepinephrine biosynthesis by ascorbic
      acid was dependent on the external concentrations of dopamine and ascorbate. The
      apparent Km of the dopamine beta-hydroxylation system for external dopamine was
      approximately 20 microM in the presence or absence of ascorbic acid. However, the
      apparent maximum velocity of norepinephrine formation was nearly doubled in the
      presence of ascorbic acid. By contrast, the apparent Km and Vmax of dopamine
      uptake into chromaffin granules were not affected by ascorbic acid.
      Norepinephrine formation was increased by ascorbic acid when the concentration of
      ascorbate was 200 microM or higher; a concentration of 2 mM appeared to induce
      the maximal effect under the experimental conditions used here. The effect of
      ascorbic acid on conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine required Mg-ATP
      dependent dopamine uptake into chromaffin granules. In contrast to ascorbic acid,
      other reducing agents such as NADH, glutathione, and homocysteine were unable to
      enhance norepinephrine biosynthesis. These data suggest that ascorbic acid
      provides reducing equivalents for hydroxylation of dopamine despite the lack of
      ascorbate accumulation into chromaffin granules. These findings imply the
      functional existence of an electron carrier system in the chromaffin granule
      which transfers electrons from external ascorbic acid for subsequent
      intragranular norepinephrine biosynthesis.

PMID- 3877727
TI  - Characterization of responses of isolated rat hepatocytes to ATP and ADP.
AB  - In isolated rat hepatocytes, ATP and ADP (10(-6) M) rapidly mobilize
      intracellular Ca2+ and increase the concentration of free cytosolic Ca2+
      ([Ca2+]i) within 1-2 s. The increase in [Ca2+]i is maximal (2.5- to 3-fold) by
      about 10 s and is dose-dependent, with ATP and ADP being half-maximally effective
      at 8 X 10(-7) and 3 X 10(-7) M, respectively. At submaximal concentrations, the
      rise in [Ca2+]i is transient due to hydrolysis of the agonist. The increase in
      [Ca2+]i in response to ATP or ADP can be potentiated by low concentrations of
      glucagon (10(-9) M). In addition, the [Ca2+]i rise can be antagonized in a time-
      and dose-dependent manner by the tumor promoter 4 beta-phorbol 12 beta-myristate
      13 alpha-acetate. Adenosine, at concentrations as high as 10(-4) M, does not
      alter [Ca2+]i. AMP is ineffective at 10(-5) M, but at 10(-4) M it increases
      [Ca2+]i approximately 1.5-fold after a 30-s lag and at a slow rate. Conversely,
      high concentrations (10(-4) M) of adenosine and AMP increases cell cAMP about 2-
      to 3-fold. ATP and ADP, at concentrations (10(-6) M) which near-maximally
      increase [Ca2+]i, do not affect hepatocyte cAMP. ATP and ADP increase the
      cellular level of myoinositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), the putative second
      messenger for Ca2+ mobilization. The increase in IP3 is dose-dependent and
      precedes or is coincident with the [Ca2+]i rise. There is an approximate 20%
      increase in IP3 with concentrations of ATP or ADP which near-maximally induce
      other physiological responses. It is concluded that submicromolar concentrations
      of ATP and ADP mobilize intracellular Ca2+ and activate phosphorylase in
      hepatocytes due to generation of IP3. These effects may involve P2-purinergic
      receptors. In contrast adenosine and AMP interact with P1 (A2)-purinergic
      receptors to increase cAMP.

PMID- 3877728
TI  - Purification of two forms of colony-stimulating factor from mouse L-cell
      conditioned medium.
AB  - A modified procedure for the purification of the colony-stimulating factors
      (CSFs) in mouse L-cell-conditioned medium is used to isolate two forms of CSF,
      which are separable by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with
      300-A pore size supports. The specific biological activity of these CSFs (2 X
      10(9) colonies/mg) was considerably higher than has been achieved by other
      methods. Even at high concentration (200 pM) both molecules stimulated
      predominantly more macrophage than granulocyte colonies; however, the less
      hydrophobic form appeared to stimulate the formation of more pure granulocytic
      colonies. Almost twice as much of the less hydrophobic CSF was recovered from L
      cell-conditioned medium. Analysis using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis indicated that both forms of L-cell CSF had apparent molecular
      masses of approximately 70,000 daltons. However, on reduction with 2
      mercaptoethanol, while both forms generated a 39,000-dalton subunit, the less
      hydrophobic form also yielded a 32,000-dalton subunit. Storage of either form of
      L-cell CSF at pH 2.1, in the presence of acetonitrile or isopropanol, destroyed
      the biological activity. Electrophoretic analysis of the L-cell CSFs stored under
      these conditions indicated that this was associated with a spontaneous
      dissociation of the CSF dimer into the inactive subunits. There was some charge
      heterogeneity (pI 3.5-4.7) indicating different degrees of glycosylation. The
      unique N-terminal amino acid sequences of both forms of CSF were the same: (Lys
      Glu-Val-Ser-Glu-His-X-Ser-His-Met-Ile-Gly-Asn). Thus, the polypeptide chains
      appear to be identical for the subunits of both forms of L-cell CSF.

PMID- 3877729
TI  - Thymidine incorporation in nucleoside transport-deficient lymphoma cells.
AB  - Nucleoside transport deficiency in mammalian cells is associated with an
      inability to transport most nucleosides, growth resistance to a spectrum of
      cytotoxic nucleosides, and a loss of binding sites for 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine
      (NBMPR), a potent inhibitor of nucleoside transport. The nucleoside transport
      deficient S49 T lymphoma cell line, AE1, however, was almost as capable of
      incorporating thymidine into TTP as the wild type parent provided thymidine was
      administered at a sufficiently high concentration. Consequently, AE1 cells were
      just as sensitive as wild type cells to the toxicity of high thymidine
      concentrations. In contrast, AE1 cells were highly resistant to almost all other
      cytotoxic nucleosides including the thymidine analogs, 5-bromodeoxyuridine and 5
      fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate. Despite having demonstrable ability to
      accumulate TTP, AE1 cells were unable to grow on hypoxanthine-amethopterin
      thymidine (HAT)-containing medium. This was due to their inability to accumulate
      sufficient TTP from the low concentrations of thymidine present in HAT medium.
      AE1 cells possessed an incomplete thymidine transport deficiency, the extent of
      which was concentration dependent. The residual capacity for thymidine transport
      present in AE1 cells was insensitive to inhibition by 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine
      and could account both for their inability to grow on HAT medium and their
      sensitivity to cytotoxic concentrations of thymidine. Another nucleoside
      transport-deficient cell line, FURD-80-3-6, was similar to the AE1 cell line in
      its growth phenotype and NBMPR-binding site deficiency but differed in its
      decreased growth sensitivity to thymidine. That nucleoside transport deficiencies
      may vary in their completeness for different nucleosides has significance for the
      mechanism by which a single transporter can recognize a wide variety of
      nucleosides.

PMID- 3877730
TI  - Transformation of mouse bone marrow cells by transfection with a human oncogene
      related to c-myc is associated with the endogenous production of macrophage
      colony stimulating factor 1.
AB  - We recently derived a series of transformed cell lines by transfecting mouse bone
      marrow cells highly enriched for macrophage progenitors with a newly described
      human gene, R-myc, which has homology to the c-myc oncogene. In this report, we
      show that these lines share some features characteristic of cells of the
      mononuclear phagocyte lineage. Specifically, all cell lines had macrophage- or
      monocytelike morphology, contained nonspecific esterase, were phagocytic for
      latex beads, secreted lysozyme, bore the Mac-1 antigen, and contained a minority
      of cells with Fc receptors. However, only a single monocytelike clone had
      appreciable numbers of cells which bore complement receptor 1, and none were
      phagocytic for antibody or complement-coated particles, or constitutively
      secreted Interleukin-1. All these cell lines secreted a growth factor capable of
      supporting the in vitro proliferation of bone marrow macrophages.
      Radioimmunoassay and receptor binding studies indicate that this factor is colony
      stimulating factor 1.

PMID- 3877731
TI  - A colony-stimulating factor for neutrophil granulocytes: a marked increase of its
      production by the addition of sodium butyrate and lipopolysaccharide in serum
      free culture of RSP-2 X P3 cells.
AB  - Sodium butyrate, lithium acetate, and hydroxyurea given to serum-free culture of
      RSP-2 X P3 cells notably reduced the rate of cell proliferation but markedly
      enhanced the production of such a colony-stimulating factor (CSF) as one that
      stimulated predominantly neutrophilic granulocyte colony formation in mouse bone
      marrow cell cultures (Tsuneoka and Shikita, 1984). On the other hand, the
      production of macrophage CSF was not increased in the butyrate-treated RSP-2 X 3
      cells. Butyrate also failed to enhance either macrophage CSF or neutrophil CSF
      production in L X P3 (mouse fibroblast line), Huk-1 X P3 (human kidney cell line)
      or Nil2C2 (hamster embryo fibroblast line) cells. The addition of bacterial
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) together with butyrate resulted in further pronounced
      enhancement of the neutrophil CSF production in RSP-2 X P3 cells, while the cells
      did not develop tolerance against LPS upon repeated challenge. The yield of
      neutrophil CSF was thus increased by about 45 times that of the control during
      continuous culture for 12 days. Large-scale culture of the cells under these
      conditions must be an excellent source of a CSF for neutrophil granulocytes.

PMID- 3877732
TI  - Inhibition of rat cervical epithelial cell growth by heparin and its reversal by
      EGF.
AB  - The effects of heparin on the in vitro growth of rat cervical epithelial cells
      were examined. Heparin was found to inhibit in a dose dependent fashion the log
      phase growth of rat cervical epithelial cells (RCEC) grown in the absence of
      medium supplements. An inhibition of growth is observed at concentrations as low
      as 500 ng/ml and 50% inhibition of growth occurs at a concentration of 5
      micrograms/ml. The growth inhibitory activity of heparin is independent of
      anticoagulant activity since three separate non-anticoagulant preparations of
      heparin all inhibit growth. Other glycosaminoglycans including chondroitin 4
      sulfate, chondroitin 6-sulfate, dermatan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, and keratin
      sulfate do not inhibit the growth of rat cervical epithelial cells. The ability
      of heparin to inhibit the log-phase growth of rat cervical epithelial cells is
      dependent on the composition of the medium in which the cells are grown. The
      addition of greater than or equal to 7.5 ng/ml epidermal growth factor to
      epithelial cultures blocks the growth inhibitory activity of heparin. These
      results suggest that components of the extracellular matrix modulate the growth
      responses of epithelial cells and may be important in regulating cellular
      proliferation in normal and pathological states.

PMID- 3877733
TI  - Column lifetime of a new agarose medium for high-performance gel filtration
      chromatography at basic pH.

PMID- 3877734
TI  - Use of chromatofocusing for separation of beta-lactamases. V. Inducible
      chromosomally mediated beta-lactamase of the Enterobacter cloacae 53 strain.

PMID- 3877735
TI  - Socioeconomic status and the prevalence of clinical gallbladder disease.
AB  - The prevalence of clinical gallbladder disease was determined in a cross
      sectional survey of Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites. The study
      population was randomly selected from three urban neighborhoods representing
      different socioeconomic strata. Gallbladder disease was defined as a history of
      cholecystectomy, or of stones on cholecystography. Mexican American women had an
      age-standardized prevalence of 16.9%, vs 8.7% for non-Hispanic whites (p less
      than 0.0001). Prevalences in men were 4.2 and 3.4%, respectively. The ethnic
      differences in women persisted after stratification by age, parity, and body mass
      index. Gallbladder disease prevalence was inversely related to four measures of
      socioeconomic status. After controlling for age, obesity, parity, and ethnicity,
      the prevalence in women was inversely related to levels of education, income,
      occupational status, and neighborhood. These socioeconomic differences, if not
      the result of detection bias, suggest that environmental factors may play a role
      in gallstone pathogenesis. Identification of such factors may lead to the
      development of preventive strategies.

PMID- 3877736
TI  - Serological observations of Pneumocystis carinii infection in humans.
AB  - Serological examinations of Pneumocystis carinii antigen and antibody were
      performed in adult patients with P. carinii pneumonia. The antibody titer was
      assayed by indirect immunofluorescence, and antigenemia was detected by
      counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Profiles of the time course of antibody levels in
      serum indicated that development of the antibody occurred at an early stage of
      pneumonia and that peak titers were obtained during the febrile stage.

PMID- 3877737
TI  - Voltage dependence of membrane charge movement and calcium release in frog
      skeletal muscle fibres.
AB  - Voltage dependent membrane charge movement (gating current) and the release of
      Ca2+ from intracellular stores have been measured simultaneously in intact frog
      skeletal muscle fibres. Charge movement was measured using the three
      microelectrode voltage clamp technique. Ca2+ release was measured using the
      metallochromic indicator dye arsenazo III. Fibres were bathed in 2.3 X hypertonic
      solutions to prevent contraction. Rb+, tetraethylammonium and tetrodotoxin (TTX)
      were used to eliminate voltage-dependent ionic currents. The maximum rate of Ca2+
      release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in response to voltage-clamp step
      depolarizations to 0 mV was calculated using the dye-related parameters of model
      2 of Baylor et al. (1983) and a method described in the Appendix for calculating
      a scaling factor (1 + p) that accounts for the additional Ca2+ buffering power of
      the indicator dye. The estimates of the maximum rate of Ca2+ release at 5-6
      degrees C ranged from 3 to 19 microM ms-1 in the 17 fibres examined. The mean
      value was 8.9 +/- 1.1 microM ms-1 (S.E.M.) The maximum rate of Ca2+ release was
      linearly related to the magnitude of the nonlinear membrane change moved during
      suprathreshold depolarizing steps. The voltage dependence of charge movement and
      the maximum rate of Ca2+ releases were nearly identical at 6 degrees C. The
      voltage-dependence of the delay between the test step and the onset of Ca2+
      release could be adequately described by an equation having the same functional
      form as the voltage dependence of nonlinear charge movement. The relationship
      between the test pulse voltage and the delay was shifted to more negative
      voltages and to shorter delays as the temperature was raised from 6 degrees C to
      15 degrees C. The inactivation of Ca2+ release was found to occur at more
      negative holding voltages and to be more steeply voltage dependent than the
      immobilization of nonlinear membrane charge movement. The above data are
      discussed using the 'hypothetical coupler' model of excitation-contraction
      coupling (Miledi et al., 1983b) applied to the specific case in which each mobile
      charge group controls the gating of one Ca2+ release site in the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum.

PMID- 3877738
TI  - Resolution of the competitive inhibitory effects of lithium and AMPPNP on the
      beat frequency of ATP-reactivated, demembranated, sea urchin sperm flagella.
AB  - About half of the inhibitory effect on the beat frequency of sea urchin
      spermatozoa flagella by beta, gamma-imido-adenosine-5'-triphosphate (AMPPNP)
      previously reported by Okuno & Brokaw (1981) was actually the result of
      inhibition by lithium resulting from the use of a tetralithium salt of AMPPNP.
      Li+ (or LiATP3-) acts as a competitive inhibitor of beat frequency, with a Ki for
      Li+ of about 30 mM. Under improved reactivation conditions which reduce the Km
      for beat frequency to about 0.1 mM, the Ki for lithium-free MgAMPPNP2- is about
      2.3 mM, and magnesium pyrophosphate (MgPPi-), which may be an equivalent ligand,
      gives a Ki of 3.4 mM.

PMID- 3877740
TI  - Enhanced DNA synthesis of human glial cells exposed to human leukocyte products.
AB  - DNA synthesis was studied in primary glial cell cultures derived from adult human
      non-neoplastic and neoplastic brain tissues. Enhanced DNA synthesis occurred in
      5/5 non-neoplastic astrocyte, one oligodendroglioma, and 2/5 astrocytoma cultures
      after exposure to medium containing 1.25-12.5% supernatant fluid (SF) from
      insoluble concanavalin A (Con A) stimulated unseparated or T lymphocyte-enriched
      human mononuclear leukocytes (MNL). Analyses of SF indicated that the presence of
      platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) could not account for glial cell
      stimulation, and exposure to semi-purified interleukin-2 (IL-2) in amounts
      comparable to those in SF from Con A-stimulated MNL had no effect on glial cells.
      These data indicate that non-neoplastic astrocytes and other human glial cells
      are stimulated by products of human MNL.

PMID- 3877739
TI  - The descending limb of the sarcomere length-force relation in single muscle
      fibres of the frog.
AB  - Single muscle fibres, isolated from the tibialis anterior muscle of the frog,
      were used to study intersarcomere dynamics during muscle-isometric (fixed-end)
      tetani at long sarcomere lengths. Sarcomere length was measured by an online
      laser diffraction technique. On the descending limb of the length-force relation,
      the slow rise of force (creep) was always associated with changes in sarcomere
      length. Sarcomeres at the ends of the fibres shortened, while those of the
      central 90% of the fibre length were stretched. Fibres were found to have a range
      of passive length-force curves, those with high resting forces developed little
      creep force, while low resting force fibres developed substantial creep,
      resulting in a fixed-end sarcomere length-force relation which deviated greatly
      from that expected from crossbridge theory. These differences in creep force can
      be qualitatively accounted for by differences in sarcomere dynamics. The
      simultaneous measurement of force and sarcomere length during force development
      allows the construction of a 'sarcomere-isometric' length-force curve from minima
      in the sarcomere length record. Force declined linearly from a plateau at 2.2
      microns to zero at a sarcomere length close to 3.65 microns. The online,
      diffraction-derived sarcomere length was used in a feedback loop to clamp
      sarcomere length in short (100-200 microns) segments of fibres. A length-force
      curve constructed from sarcomere length-clamped tetani shows a linear decline in
      force from a plateau at 2.2 microns to zero at a sarcomere length of 3.65
      microns.

PMID- 3877741
TI  - Chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat.
AB  - Chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (CR-EAE) was induced in
      rats with an emulsion of guinea-pig spinal cord tissue (GPSC) in complete
      Freund's adjuvant (CFA) enriched with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RA (Tbc). 78%
      of the sensitized rats developed a CR-EAE showing 2 to 3 clinical relapses during
      the first 40 days. After 60-80 days, approximately half of the rats with CR-EAE
      had a further relapse which was followed by complete recovery in only 35% of the
      cases. The remaining 65% of these animals showed a progressive state of the
      disease, characterized by paralysis or severe motor deficit, eventually leading
      to death. CR-EAE in rats showed some similarities to multiple sclerosis in man
      (MS) and it may be a useful model for the study of this disease.

PMID- 3877742
TI  - Relationship of age to neuropsychological deficit in Tourette's syndrome.
AB  - A previous study suggested that neuropsychological deficit in patients with
      Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (TS) may increase with age. This question was
      studied by examining the relationship between age and neuropsychological deficit
      in 21 TS patients. It was found that increased age was related to greater
      neuropsychological deficit on a pattern of measures consistent with previous
      reports. The use of age corrected t-scores ruled out the general relationship of
      age with test performance as an explanation of these results. In addition, when
      the subjects were grouped on the basis of age, older patients were significantly
      worse than younger patients on several measures.

PMID- 3877743
TI  - Reed-Sternberg cells, lymphocytes, and interdigitating reticulum cell rosettes in
      Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3877744
TI  - Cytophagic panniculitis and B cell lymphoma.
AB  - A 43-year-old woman had multiple, painful nodules of the legs and edema of both
      lower extremities for 3 years and leukopenia for 8 years. This histologic
      findings of lobular histiocytic panniculitis with "beanbag" cells were typical of
      cytophagic panniculitis. This case is unique in that B cell lymphoma developed in
      the spleen, as verified by immunoperoxidase staining, and demonstrates that the
      disease not only may be a progressive disease per se but also may be associated
      with nonhistiocytic malignancy.

PMID- 3877745
TI  - Structure modification and functionality of whey proteins: quantitative structure
      activity relationship approach.
AB  - According to the original idea of quantitative structure-activity relationship,
      electric, hydrophobic, and structural parameters should be taken into
      consideration for elucidating functionality. Changes in these parameters are
      reflected in the property of protein solubility upon modification of whey
      proteins by heating. Although solubility is itself a functional property, it has
      been utilized to explain other functionalities of proteins. However, better
      correlations were obtained when hydrophobic parameters of the proteins were used
      in conjunction with solubility. Various treatments reported in the literature
      were applied to whey protein concentrate in an attempt to obtain whipping and
      gelling properties similar to those of egg white. Mapping simplex optimization
      was used to search for the best results. Improvement in whipping properties by
      pepsin hydrolysis may have been due to higher protein solubility, and good
      gelling properties resulting from polyphosphate treatment may have been due to an
      increase in exposable hydrophobicity. However, the results of angel food cake
      making were still unsatisfactory.

PMID- 3877746
TI  - Natural exposure and serum antibodies to house dust mite of mite-allergic
      children with asthma in Atlanta.
AB  - Pyroglyphid mites in house dust are important allergens associated with asthma in
      Europe, but comparable studies of house dust mites in the homes of patients with
      asthma have not been done in the United States. We examined the distribution of
      mites and mite allergen in the houses of 20 mite-sensitive children with asthma
      in Atlanta and measured IgE antibodies to mite allergens in their sera. One or
      more dust samples from bedding, bedroom floor, television room floor, or
      television room furniture from 17/20 houses contained greater than 10,000 ng of
      antigen P1 equivalent per gram of fine dust; amounts ranged from 280 to 230,400
      ng/gm. Allergen levels were higher in dust samples from furniture and bedding
      than from floors. Dust samples obtained from houses in June to September had more
      mites and mite allergen than those houses sampled in March to April; relative
      humidity in the room also was higher in June to September. Mite numbers and
      allergen in floor and furniture samples were correlated with relative humidity in
      the room and were high when relative humidity was greater than 50%; antigen P1
      equivalent was greater than 10,000 ng/gm in 21/39 such samples. Dermatophagoides
      pteronyssinus was present in all houses and dominant in 11/20. D. farinae was
      found in 17 houses and was dominant in six. All children studied had high IgE
      antibody with either D. farinae or D. pteronyssinus RAST; 16 of the 20 children
      also had IgE to antigen P1. It is likely that the IgE antibody responses in these
      20 children with asthma were a direct result of exposure to high levels of mite
      allergen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3877747
TI  - Venom skin tests in insect-allergic and insect-nonallergic populations.
AB  - Intradermal skin tests with varying concentrations of honeybee, yellow jacket,
      white-faced hornet, yellow hornet, and Polistes venoms were done on 85 patients
      with histories of insect-sting anaphylaxis and on 56 insect-nonallergic subjects.
      Positive skin tests (wheal greater than or equal to 5 to 10 mm and flare greater
      than or equal to 11 to 20 mm) were present in 67 insect-allergic patients at
      venom concentrations ranging from 0.001 microgram/ml to 0.1 microgram/ml. Seven
      additional allergic patients had positive skin tests with the 1.0 microgram/ml
      venom concentration. Twenty-six nonallergic subjects had positive skin tests at
      the venom concentration of 1.0 microgram/ml, and two patients had positive skin
      tests at the lower venom concentrations (0.001 to 0.1 microgram/ml). These
      results confirm venom skin tests as a highly sensitive method of detecting venom
      specific IgE in the evaluation of patients with stinging-insect hypersensitivity.
      Since a large percentage of insect-nonallergic subjects reacted to the 1.0
      microgram/ml concentration, clinical judgment and further in vitro testing should
      be considered in the evaluation of patients who react only at this venom
      concentration.

PMID- 3877748
TI  - Persistent lymphadenopathy associated with hypertransfusion in sickle-cell
      disease.
AB  - We report the results of an immunologic evaluation of two hypertransfused (HT)
      patients with sickle-cell disease (SCD) who have developed persistent generalized
      lymphadenopathy. In order to interpret the results of this evaluation, we studied
      seven other HT patients with SCD and seven nonhypertransfused patients with SCD.
      Patients with SCD had decreased percentages of T-lymphocytes to include both
      helper and suppressor subsets in their peripheral blood. These decreases resulted
      in T helper/suppressor ratios not different from those of healthy normal control
      subjects. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogen were decreased in the
      nonhypertransfused group, whereas mononuclear cell populations from both patient
      groups had higher levels of spontaneous suppressor cell activity than did control
      subjects. The patients with lymphadenopathy were distinguished from other HT
      sickle-cell anemia patients by immunologic abnormalities that included decreased
      percentages of T4+ lymphocytes, decreased T helper/suppressor ratios, and
      decreased lymphocyte responses to mitogen. Furthermore, the serum of these
      patients contained antibody specific for human T cell lymphotropic virus type III
      (HTLV-III). We believe that these two patients have developed acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphadenopathy as the result of transfusion
      acquired HTLV-III. We propose that hypertransfusion treatment in SCD, possibly in
      association with phenytoin administration, places individuals at risk for HTLV
      III-associated syndromes.

PMID- 3877749
TI  - [Histological study and functional results of tubal and ovarian transplants in
      the rat (isografts and allografts treated with cyclosporin A)].
AB  - A microsurgical technique was used to transplant the tube and the ovary in the
      rat. 49 autografts were carried out (in a pure line of Lewis strain) to study
      histologically the results of cold ischaemia and the functional future of the
      graft in the form of pregnancies. 40 hybrid allografts Lewis-DA were transplanted
      in Lewis or DA rats. 19 animals that were not treated allowed us to study the
      phenomena of rejection histologically. 21 further rats were treated with
      Cyclosporin A to study their fertility. The histological results of temporary
      cold ischaemia are minimal and come down to atresia of the active antral
      follicles of the cohort. None of the histological structures of the tube seemed
      to suffer from cold ischaemia that lasted 20 minutes. The average size of the
      litter for the autografts was 6.4 baby rats with an index of implantation of
      0.65. Where no treatment was given, allografts were very quickly rejected. Giving
      Cyclosporin A allowed the allografts to be tolerated in 60% of cases. 5.6 baby
      rats per litter were obtained with an index of implantation of 0.65. Cyclosporin
      A in an immunosuppressive drug which is not teratogenic in animals and is not
      cytostatic. It inhibits immune responses at the cellular level as well as the
      production of lymphocyte T dependent antibodies. This study shows again the value
      of transplants for treating tubo-ovarian sterility.

PMID- 3877750
TI  - Mesenteric node enlargement as a cause of intestinal variceal hemorrhage in
      nodular lymphoid hyperplasia.
AB  - Jejunal varices were a cause of recurrent gastrointestinal hemorrhage in an 18
      year-old man with common variable immunodeficiency and nodular lymphoid
      hyperplasia of the small intestine. Despite numerous procedures, including upper
      gastrointestinal endoscopy, colonoscopy, arteriography, and exploratory
      laparotomy no active bleeding site was identified until superior mesenteric
      angiography demonstrated thrombosis of the superior mesenteric vein with an
      extensive collateral circulation through mesenteric varices. At laparotomy,
      mesenteric lymph nodes up to 4 cm in diameter seemed to be compressing the
      superior mesenteric vein. Histological examination of a node revealed reactive
      hyperplasia with prominent germinal centers. After resection of varices in a 20
      cm length of proximal jejunum, there has been delayed, but complete resolution of
      bleeding in a 17-month follow-up.

PMID- 3877751
TI  - Post-transfusion hepatitis: fatal outcome in two cases with underlying alcoholic
      liver disease.
AB  - Two patients with underlying alcoholic liver disease who were doing well before
      receiving multiple blood transfusions for gastrointestinal bleeding died after
      developing post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH). This hepatitis was associated with
      an uncharacteristic disparity between transaminase levels.

PMID- 3877752
TI  - In situ localization of mRNA for epidermal growth factor in the submandibular
      gland of the mouse.
AB  - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a polypeptide originally isolated from the mouse
      submandibular gland, where it is localized immunocytochemically in cells of the
      granular convoluted tubules (GCT). cDNAs encoding the precursor of mouse
      submandibular EGF have been cloned (Scott et al. Science 221:236, 1983; Gray et
      al. Nature 303:722, 1983). A fragment of one of these clones, pmegf10, containing
      the EGF coding region, was tritium-labeled by nick-translation and used as a
      probe for in situ hybridization to EGF mRNA. A specific hybridization signal for
      EGF mRNA was seen only in mature or developing GCT cells. The intensity of the
      signal was stronger in glands of intact males than in females or in castrated
      males. In glands of castrates treated with testosterone, or of intact females
      treated with triiodothyronine (T3), the signal was comparable to that in intact
      males. In glands of males treated with T3 the intensity of the signal was
      stronger than in untreated males. A weak to moderate signal was seen in
      developing GCT cells of 20-day-old males but not females. Hybridization for 3
      days gave a stronger signal than that for 1 day. No signal was seen in either sex
      at 10 days of age, or in control preparations exposed to labeled DNA of pBR322.
      The presence of EGF mRNA exclusively in GCT cells provides strong evidence that
      these cells are the only site of synthesis of EGF in the submandibular gland. In
      situ hybridization with this cDNA probe will provide a sensitive method to
      determine possible cellular sites of EGF production outside of the submandibular
      gland.

PMID- 3877753
TI  - Immune complex effects on murine macrophages. II. Immune complex effects on
      activated macrophages cytotoxicity, membrane IL 1, and antigen presentation.
AB  - We investigated the effects of immune complexes on macrophage functions in vitro.
      Immune complexes inhibit lymphokine induction of both I-Ak expression and
      cytotoxic activity by fetal calf serum elicited macrophages during long-term (7
      days) culture. In addition, induction of antigen presentation was significantly
      inhibited by immune complexes. Expression of membrane interleukin 1 (IL-1) (a
      membrane-bound bound form of the T cell mitogen required for antigen presentation
      by fixed cells) was minimally inhibited by immune complexes. Therefore,
      inhibition of antigen presentation was primarily due to effects on Ia expression
      rather than membrane IL 1 expression. The inhibitory effect of immune complexes
      was not found during short-term culture (4 to 48 hr) when activated macrophages
      (bearing high levels of Ia) from mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes were
      examined. Immune complexes maintained or even increased levels of both I-Ak and
      cytotoxicity in activated macrophages. The implications of these findings for
      immune complex modulation of the immune response are discussed.

PMID- 3877754
TI  - Effects of diacetyl diamines on in vitro activation and proliferation of human B
      lymphocytes.
AB  - N,N'-Diacetylputrescine (tetramethylenebisacetamide [TMBA]) and its six carbon
      analog, hexamethylenebisacetamide (HMBA), inhibited the proliferative response of
      human B lymphocytes to anti-mu and formalinized Cowan I strain Staphylococcal
      aureus (SAC) stimulation. In contrast, B cell growth factor-stimulated
      proliferation of human B cells was minimally inhibited by TMBA or HMBA. The
      antiproliferative effect of these diamine derivatives was specific for anti-mu
      (or SAC) activation of normal B cells, because the proliferation of PHA
      stimulated human T cells and transformed human B cells was not affected by the
      presence of TMBA or HMBA. The inhibitory effect of diacetyl diamines on anti-mu
      (or SAC)-induced B cell activation was dose dependent and persisted after removal
      of the diamine derivatives from the culture media. These studies show that
      diacetylated derivatives of polyamines modulate human B cell activation in vitro
      by specific abrogation of anti-mu or SAC activation.

PMID- 3877755
TI  - A restricted human antitetanus clonotype shares idiotypic cross-reactivity with
      tetanus antibodies from most human donors and rabbits: reactivity with antibodies
      of widely differing electrophoretic mobility.
AB  - Antitetanus antibodies from each of 20 hyperimmunized human donors were isolated
      on a tetanus immunoadsorbent, eluted with acidic buffer, and examined by
      isoelectric focusing (IEF). There was electrophoretic restriction, as determined
      by IEF, in the IgG of only 20% of the purified antibodies studied. The remaining
      80% showed a more diffuse polyclonal spectrotype. Several IEF bands from the most
      electrophoretically restricted sample were isolated and used to immunize rabbits.
      Virtually every IgG-IEF band in the antitetanus antibodies of the original donor
      shared idiotypic cross-reactivity as detected by one or more of the three rabbit
      anti-Id reagents, even though major qualitative differences in binding from one
      rabbit anti-Id reagent to another were noted. Antitetanus antibodies of each of
      the 20 donors were separated by IEF and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane.
      By using a sensitive and specific ELISA detection method, cross-reactivity was
      detected with the rabbit anti-Id reagents in 1 to 50% of the antitetanus
      antibodies of individual donors. This cross-reactivity was greater than 10% in 15
      of the 19 antisera studied. In addition, these cross-reactive antibodies had very
      different electrophoretic mobility. Binding of the rabbit anti-Id reagents to the
      tetanus antibodies was almost completely blocked by pretreatment with soluble
      tetanus toxoid antigen. This idiotypic cross-reactivity with antibodies of
      different electrophoretic mobility from the same and unrelated donors suggests
      sharing among these antibodies of one or more of the germ-line DNA-encoded
      hypervariable regions present in the antibody-combining site.

PMID- 3877756
TI  - B lymphocyte regulation of human hematopoiesis.
AB  - Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCL) were
      derived from seven different individuals. The ability of BLCL supernatants to
      stimulate hematopoietic colony formation in vitro was tested in a conventional
      stem cell assay system. Supernatants promoted the growth of single (GM, E, MK) as
      well as multi-lineage (GEMM) colonies in bone marrow cultures. Our results
      indicate that EBV-transformed B lymphocytes produce cytokines that affect in
      vitro stem cell proliferation and differentiation. These studies demonstrate the
      regulatory potential of activated B lymphocytes in human hematopoiesis.

PMID- 3877757
TI  - The Lyb-3+5+ subset of B cells is not required for lupus-like autoantibody
      formation caused by graft-vs-host reaction.
AB  - We asked the question whether or not the Lyb-3+5+ B cell subset, which is lacking
      in CBA/N immune defective mice, is required for the lupus-like autoantibody
      formation caused by graft-vs-host reaction (GVHR). (CBA/N X DBA/2)F1 male
      defective mice injected with DBA/2 T cells produced IgG autoantibodies to the
      same extent as did nondefective F1 mice suffering from GVHR. Although a very
      small number of DBA/2 B cells might have contaminated the T cell inocula, it was
      shown that these were B cells of the defective F1 mice that produced
      autoantibodies during the GVHR. This was demonstrated by detecting autoantibodies
      carrying an immunoglobulin allotype of the F1 recipient. Furthermore, the
      defective F1 male mice injected with CBA/N lymphoid cells, which were lacking Lyb
      3+5+ B cells, also produced autoantibodies. Isotype analysis of antinuclear
      antibodies revealed that some of them belonged to IgG3 isotype. It was concluded
      that the ontogenically late-appearing B cell subset is not required for GVH
      autoimmunity.

PMID- 3877758
TI  - Autoimmunization in murine graft-vs-host disease. I. Selective production of
      antibodies to histones and DNA.
AB  - A lupus-like disease characterized by a severe immune complex glomerulonephritis
      and IgG autoantibody production was induced in (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 mice by
      injection of parental DBA/2 lymphoid cells. The ensuing graft-vs-host (GVH)
      reaction resulted in a 10- and a 100-fold increase in serum IgG antibody levels
      to denatured DNA and total histones, respectively, compared with that in F1----F1
      control mice. The level of anti-DNA antibodies peaked 2 wk after injection of
      DBA/2 cells and preceded peak anti-histone levels by approximately 2 wk. Anti
      histone antibodies were generated predominantly to histones H1, H2A, and H2B, a
      profile different from that observed in NZB/NZW and MRL-lpr/lpr mice. The marked
      increase in IgG antinuclear antibodies did not correlate with increases in total
      IgG serum levels and was not associated with comparable increases in antibodies
      to transferrin, hemoglobin, fibrinogen, or thyroglobulin. Selective autoantibody
      production was also observed in vitro, wherein GVH spleen cells produced high
      levels of IgG antibodies to total histones and denatured DNA but not to these non
      nuclear protein antigens. In contrast, spleen cells stimulated in vitro with
      lipopolysaccharide produced equivalent amounts of antibodies to all antigens
      tested. Our results are in agreement with those of other investigators and
      collectively suggest that IgG autoantibodies in GVH disease, and possibly in
      spontaneous lupus-like disease, are not secondary to a generalized B cell
      activation, but may be selectively generated in response to self antigens with
      unique configurational properties.

PMID- 3877759
TI  - Transfer of tubulointerstitial nephritis in the Brown Norway rat with anti
      tubular basement membrane antibody: quantitation and kinetics of binding and
      effect of decomplementation.
AB  - Lewis (LEW) rats immunized with Brown Norway (BN) rat renal basement membrane
      (RBM) and adjuvants produce high titer circulating anti-BN tubular basement
      membrane (TBM) antibodies, in addition to developing an autoimmune cell-mediated
      form of nodular tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN). This immune LEW serum, which
      reacted with BN TBM but not LEW TBM by immunofluorescence, was capable of
      passively transferring TIN as early as 24 hr after administration of volumes as
      low as 3 ml i.v. to normal BN recipients, producing focal lesions histologically
      and immunopathologically similar but less extensive than those studied previously
      in this strain after active immunization with heterologous RBM. In contrast, a
      total of 45 ml of serum (in multiple doses) from BN rats immunized with bovine
      RBM and adjuvants produced only one small lesion of TIN in a recipient BN rat.
      This difference in serum transferability of anti-TBM-associated TIN appears to
      relate to quantitative differences in anti-particulate and soluble (collagenase
      extracted) BN RBM antigen reactivity measured by radioimmunoassay. Paired-label
      quantitative studies of passively transferred LEW anti-BN RBM IgG demonstrated a
      slow accumulation of renal-bound antibody over 6 days, and corresponded with
      kidney elution and immunofluorescence studies after transfer of immune LEW sera
      to normal BN rats. Approximately 167 micrograms of kidney-fixing antibody per
      gram of kidney were calculated to be required for the development of the earliest
      cellular infiltration. C3 depletion with cobra venom factor greatly diminished
      the development of destructive TIN lesions associated with multinucleate giant
      cells after passive transfer of LEW anti-BN RBM antibody to BN rats. This study,
      using immune LEW sera containing high levels of anti-BN RBM antibody, has defined
      and quantitated a role for anti-TBM antibody and complement in the initiation of
      TIN in BN rats.

PMID- 3877760
TI  - Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes
      producing colony stimulating factor. A clonal and precursor frequency analysis.
AB  - In this report we describe the precursor frequency and the subset distribution of
      peripheral blood human T cells producing lymphokine(s) acting on the
      proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow precursors of the
      granulocyte/macrophage series, as assessed in a liquid microculture assay.
      Because the sensitivity of this system was similar to that of the classic colony
      formation assay in semi-solid (methylcellulose) medium, it is likely that the
      lymphokine activity measured in this assay corresponds to the colony-stimulating
      factor (CSF) activity. Single human T lymphocytes, isolated from peripheral blood
      by E rosetting and Ficoll-Hypaque gradients, were seeded into microculture wells
      by limiting dilution or micromanipulation techniques and were incubated under
      culture conditions that allow clonal expansion of essentially all T cells. After
      15 to 20 days, microcultures were stimulated with PHA and CSF activity was
      assayed in culture supernatants 24 hr thereafter. About 45% (1/2.3) of peripheral
      blood T cells were found to give rise to CSF-producing progenies. Moreover, when
      fluorescence-activated cell sorter-purified T4+ and T4- (or T8- and T8+) were
      analyzed, the frequency of the precursors of CSF-producing cells was 1/1.5 in the
      T4+ subset, whereas approximately one-third of the T8+ cells had this functional
      potential. To additionally characterize T cells responsible for CSF production,
      unfractionated T cells as well as T4+ and T4- cells were cloned by single cell
      micromanipulation. The resulting clones were analyzed simultaneously for the
      production of IL 2, production of CSF and for cytolytic activity in a lectin
      dependent assay. It was found that 25/48 clones obtained from unfractionated T
      cells produced CSF, whereas 23/48 and 19/48 produced IL 2 or had cytolytic
      activity respectively. Six of the 25 CSF-producing clones had only this
      functional capability, whereas the remaining clones in addition displayed
      cytolytic activity (4/25), IL 2 production (10/25), or both (5/25). A similar
      functional heterogeneity was observed among T4+ and T4- clones, thus indicating
      that T cells producing CSF are functionally heterogeneous within both the T4+ and
      T8+ subsets.

PMID- 3877761
TI  - Cell surface glycoproteins involved in the stimulation of interleukin 1-dependent
      interleukin 2 production by a subline of EL4 thymoma cells. II. Structure,
      biosynthesis, and maturation.
AB  - In the present study, we examined the biosynthesis and the maturation of two
      distinct membrane glycoproteins detected by two monoclonal antibodies (RL388 and
      RL119), which were selected on the basis of their ability to stimulate the
      production of interleukin 2 by a subline of the murine EL4 thymoma. RL388
      detected a disulfide-linked heterodimer complex (Mr = 130,000) composed of a
      glycosylated heavy (Mr = 86,000) and a nonglycosylated light (Mr = 39,000)
      subunit. The unglycosylated precursor of the heavy chain was a polypeptide of Mr
      = 57,500, which was converted upon maturation into a Mr = 73,000 core
      glycosylated intermediate, and then into the Mr = 86,000 surface-expressed
      molecule. Partial endo-H digestion of the core-glycosylated form suggested the
      presence of four N-linked glycan units. The antibody reacted with a protein
      determinant expressed on the mature form as well as the unglycosylated precursor
      of the heavy chain. Moreover, both subunits assembled rapidly during
      biosynthesis, and the glycosylation of the heavy chain was not required for this
      association. Taken together, these data suggest that the antigen detected by
      RL388 may be the murine homologue of the human 4F2 antigen. The antigen
      identified by RL119 was a surface glycoprotein of Mr = 55,000 with three to five
      N-linked glycan units. The unglycosylated precursor polypeptide was of Mr =
      29,000. The fully core-glycosylated form of Mr = 41,000, which was detected after
      inhibition of glucosidase I with 1-deoxynojirimycin, was converted into a Mr =
      39,000 intermediate, and upon further trimming, into a Mr = 36,000 endo-H
      sensitive form. The latter could be detected for chase periods of over several
      hours, thus suggesting a low rate of intracellular processing. The wide cellular
      distribution of the molecules identified by RL388 and RL119 and their
      preferential expression on the surface of growing cells suggests that they may be
      associated with cell activation events.

PMID- 3877762
TI  - Idiotope mapping on the variable region of an antibody clonotype produced by
      normal (nonmalignant) human B cells.
AB  - Human anti-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) antibodies were prepared by affinity
      chromatography from serum of a healthy donor (MSS). They were heterogeneous but
      contained a unique antibody clonotype (1A) representing 7% of all anti-GlcNAc
      antibodies. Out of a series of monoclonal anti-idiotopic antibodies (anti-Id
      mAb), we identified five antibodies that bound to clonotype 1A as shown by
      isoelectric focusing and Western blotting. Two of them were specific for
      clonotype 1A (10F59 and 13F15), thus indicating its clonal origin. However, three
      anti-Id mAb (16F433, 16F539, and 16F812) bound to various additional portions of
      anti-GlcNAc antibodies of donor MSS. With the exception of one mAb, all anti-Id
      mAb have very similar relative affinities to clonotype 1A, so results from
      competition experiments between the different antibodies and between each
      antibody and antigen should reveal spatial relationships between the
      corresponding Id and between each Id and the antigen-combining site. The results
      show a consistent topography of Id on the V-region of clonotype 1A. Id 59, 812,
      and 433 were found to be arranged in one cluster (cluster I), whereas Id 15 and
      539 belonged to a second cluster (cluster II). Cluster I resides completely in
      the antigen-combining site, whereas only Id 15 of cluster II weakly overlaps with
      the binding site. Our study demonstrates an analysis of spatial relationships of
      Id expressed on a human antibody clonotype. To our knowledge, this is the first
      demonstration of Id mapping on antibodies produced by a normal (nonmalignant) B
      cell clone that should be accessible to regulatory signals. Such analysis may
      contribute to a more detailed characterization of anti-Id mAb, and may provide
      additional information for a better understanding of their immunoregulatory
      effects.

PMID- 3877763
TI  - Specificity and idiotypic analysis of a monoclonal anti-Sm antibody with anti-DNA
      activity.
AB  - To investigate the mechanisms of anti-Sm expression in murine systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE), the idiotypic determinants of a monoclonal anti-Sm antibody
      were studied. This antibody, 2G7, was derived from the fusion of spleen cells of
      an autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr mouse with the 653 myeloma. Specificity for Sm was
      demonstrated by an ELISA with the use of affinity-purified Sm as well as
      immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled RNA. An anti-2G7 antiserum was prepared in a
      rabbit and rendered specific for idiotype by extensive absorption against BALB/c
      and MRL-lpr/lpr monoclonal proteins. The resulting antiserum detected
      determinants found on 2G7 as well as on two MRL anti-DNA antibodies, 6/P and 6/N,
      an independently derived MRL-lpr/lpr anti-Sm called 7.13, and the BALB/c myeloma
      FLOPC 21. Two distinct determinants could be demonstrated by the creation of
      cross-reactive idiotype systems by using the various monoclonal antibodies as
      ligands for the anti-idiotype. Both idiotypes were demonstrated in sera of normal
      and autoimmune mice, although MRL +/-/+/- mice had the highest levels of strains
      tested. To explain the pattern of idiotypic relatedness, 2G7 was tested for anti
      DNA activity by ELISA. 2G7 displayed activity for single-stranded DNA as well as
      synthetic DNA and RNA homopolymers. Absorption analysis indicated that the anti
      DNA and anti-Sm binding activities were the product of the same antibody. These
      results suggest that anti-Sm and anti-DNA may be related by both idiotype and
      antigenic specificity, providing a mechanism for their common expression in SLE.

PMID- 3877764
TI  - In vivo recombinant interleukin 2 administration enhances survival against a
      lethal challenge with Toxoplasma gondii.
AB  - Administration of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL 2) resulted in a significant (p
      less than 0.01) decrease in mortality in mice infected with a dose of Toxoplasma
      gondii that killed 100% of untreated mice. Mice treated with rIL 2 had a
      significantly (less than 0.005) lower numbers of cysts in the brains. The
      protection afforded by rIL 2 could not be correlated with increased antibody
      synthesis or be explained by increased macrophage killing in the treated mice.
      Mice treated with rIL 2 after Toxoplasma infection demonstrated increased natural
      killer (NK) cell activity compared with either Toxoplasma-infected or rIL 2
      treated mice. rIL 2 failed to reverse the suppressed proliferative response of
      lymphocytes to concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide in mice acutely infected
      with a virulent strain of T. gondii. These results reveal that rIL 2 may have a
      remarkably protective effect against intracellular parasites.

PMID- 3877765
TI  - A granulocytosis-inducing tumor inhibits the production of B lymphocytes in
      murine bone marrow.
AB  - Mice bearing a transplantable CE mammary carcinoma have been shown to have
      greatly augmented rates of neutrophil production coupled with a marked diminution
      of bone marrow lymphocytes. The objective of the present study was to test
      whether the loss of lymphocytes, and especially of B cells, from the bone marrow
      and spleen of tumor-bearing animals was due to a reduced rate of cell production
      and if so, at what level this response was regulated. A modified 3H-TdR pulse and
      chase analysis was used to assess the rates of production of small lymphocytes
      and B cells (stained for c mu and s mu) at weekly intervals after CE tumor
      transplantation. 3H-TdR was infused continuously for 24 hr, and radioautographs
      were prepared of bone marrow and spleen cells 0, 24, and 48 hr after termination
      of the infusion. Pre-B cells (c mu+s mu-) essentially disappeared from the
      femoral bone marrow by the end of 1 wk of tumor growth, followed by a great
      reduction in the number of c mu+s mu+ cells in the marrow and s mu + cells in the
      spleen. Although pre-B cells appeared in the peripheral marrow (caudal vertebrae,
      metatarsal bones) and spleen of tumor-bearing mice, these cells could not
      compensate for the continued decrease in the numbers of more mature B cells. In
      normal mice, during the 48-hr chase period, newly formed, 3H-TdR-labeled, small
      lymphocytes and s mu+ cells continued to emerge from the prelabeled precursor
      compartment at a steady rate, but after 1 wk of tumor growth, the number of small
      lymphocytes and s mu+ cells emerging from the precursor compartment fell steadily
      during the 48-hr chase period. During the second and third weeks of tumor growth,
      a steady state appears to have been reached in B cell production, which was at a
      level approximately 10 times below that of normal. Because pre-B cells are
      normally maintained by a less mature precursor population (2), the initial
      disappearance of c mu+s mu- cells suggests that the CE mammary carcinoma exerts
      its modulatory influence on primary B cell production by inhibiting or
      eliminating the cells that eventually feed into the pre-B compartment. The nature
      of the regulatory factors apparently secreted by the tumor and the more precise
      identity of the target cells are under investigation.

PMID- 3877766
TI  - Adoptive immunotherapy of murine hepatic metastases with lymphokine activated
      killer (LAK) cells and recombinant interleukin 2 (RIL 2) can mediate the
      regression of both immunogenic and nonimmunogenic sarcomas and an adenocarcinoma.
AB  - The incubation of normal murine splenocytes in recombinant interleukin 2 (RIL 2)
      gives rise to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells that are specifically
      cytotoxic to fresh noncultured, autologous, syngeneic, and allogeneic primary and
      metastatic tumor cells, but are not toxic to normal cells. We have recently shown
      that the systemic injection of RIL 2 given alone or in conjunction with LAK cells
      can reduce the number of established pulmonary and hepatic micrometastases from a
      weakly immunogenic sarcoma in mice. In this report we have analyzed the response
      of hepatic metastases (HM) induced from both a nonimmunogenic sarcoma (MCA-102)
      and an adenocarcinoma (MCA-38). Treatment of mice bearing HM from the MCA-102 and
      MCA-38 tumors revealed that low doses of RIL 2 (5000 to 25,000 U t.i.d.) had
      little if any anti-tumor effect when given alone (mean percent reduction over
      control for the MCA-102 tumor: 14%, for the MCA-38 tumor: 10%, p, not
      significant). Doses of 100,000 U of RIL 2 affected a 38 and 53% reduction in the
      number of metastases over control for the MCA-102 and MCA-38 tumors, respectively
      (p less than 0.05). However, when LAK cells were added to the same doses of RIL
      2, the corresponding mean percent reduction over control was 90% (p less than
      0.005) and 61% (p less than 0.05) for MCA-102 and MCA-38, respectively, at RIL 2
      doses of 5000 to 25,000 t.i.d. At doses of 100,000 U of RIL 2 administered with
      LAK cells, the corresponding percent reductions were 98 and 99%, respectively (p
      less than 0.005). Therapy with LAK cells plus RIL 2 can also prolong the survival
      of these mice. In addition, the intraportal administration of LAK cells is more
      effective than the i.v. administration of these cells. Thus, treatment of
      established HM from a nonimmunogenic sarcoma and an adenocarcinoma can be
      successfully mediated by the systemic infusion of LAK cells with RIL 2. These
      findings provide a rationale for clinical trials of infusion of LAK cells with
      RIL 2 in the therapy of HM in humans.

PMID- 3877767
TI  - Selective losses of large immune complexes during density gradient
      ultracentrifugation and an approach for prevention of these losses.
AB  - Substantial amounts (12.3-40.0%) of model immune complexes became nonspecifically
      adsorbed to centrifuge tubes during sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation,
      and the adsorbed complexes were therefore unavailable for subsequent detection by
      the C1q solid-phase assay. The adsorption was greater for heavier immune
      complexes; thus detection of large-latticed complexes was impaired more than
      detection of small-latticed complexes. Loss of complexes could be prevented by
      incorporation of 0.05% polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20) into
      sucrose density gradient solutions and precoating tubes with gelatin. Tween 20
      did not alter the immune complex lattice and did not prevent detection of immune
      complexes by the C1q solid-phase assay. Similar selective losses of immune
      complexes occurred when serum specimens from 2 patients with circulating immune
      complexes were analyzed by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation; the
      nonspecific adsorption of serum immune complexes which occurred during
      ultracentrifugation could be prevented by precoating centrifuge tubes with
      gelatin and incorporating 0.05% Tween 20 into sucrose gradients.

PMID- 3877768
TI  - A rapid and reproducible method for the analysis of immune complexes using
      affinity chromatography and Western blotting.
AB  - A new procedure which couples different analytical techniques in a format
      permitting the rapid analysis of immune complex components is described.
      Complexes obtained from sera by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation were
      resuspended and then added, using a batch method, to antibody coupled to
      Sepharose beads. Antibody directed against either human C1q or human C3c were
      used in the present study. Bound immune complexes were washed and then eluted
      from the Sepharose by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) treatment and simultaneously
      reduced with dithiothreitol. Individual components were separated by SDS gradient
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and then transferred to nitrocellulose by
      Western blotting. Individual strips of nitrocellulose were investigated using
      specific antisera and a radiolabelled probe. Immune complexes (IC) isolated from
      the sera of 7 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were analysed using this method
      and the results obtained for both affinity adsorbents compared.

PMID- 3877769
TI  - Generation of antigen specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) directed against
      class II molecules expressed by activated T cells.
AB  - Mitogen-activated T cells were used to provide a source of Class II antigens to
      CTL originally stimulated against mononuclear cells expressing both foreign Class
      I and Class II determinants. Our results indicated that 7-10-day-old activated T
      antigen-presenting cells, which shared only Class II antigens with the original
      priming cell, were able to stimulate the differentiation of CTL-recognizing Class
      II determinants. The use of 14-day-old activated T cells as target cells in the
      CML assay, compared with 72 h PHA blasts or 7-day-old activated T cells, enabled
      a more sensitive detection of the anti-Class II CTL.

PMID- 3877770
TI  - Effect of X-irradiation on epidermal immune function: decreased density and
      alloantigen-presenting capacity of Ia+ Langerhans cells and impaired production
      of epidermal cell-derived thymocyte activating factor (ETAF).
AB  - The mechanisms involved in the modulation of cutaneous immune responses by UV
      radiation have been extensively investigated; by contrast, few studies have
      addressed the effects of x-irradiation on epidermal immune function. We therefore
      investigated the effect of x-irradiation of mice on: (a) the density of epidermal
      Ia+ Langerhans cells (LC) in immunofluorescence studies, (b) epidermal cell (EC)
      allostimulatory capacity in the allogeneic EC-lymphocyte reaction (ELR), and (c)
      production of epidermal cell-derived thymocyte activating factor (ETAF). C3H/He
      and BALB/c mice were irradiated with 900, 1,800, 2,700, or 3,600 rad from a 137Cs
      source, and sacrificed 10 h or 3 days later. X-irradiation of mice 10 h
      previously only slightly decreased the density of epidermal Ia+ LC and did not
      affect the capacity of their EC to stimulate allogeneic responder lymphocytes in
      the ELR. X-irradiation of mice 3 days previously, however, resulted in a dose
      dependent decrease in the density of Ia+ LC. This decrease was accompanied by a
      substantial reduction in EC allostimulatory capacity in the ELR at all doses of x
      irradiation. ETAF production by cultured EC from mice x-irradiated 3 days
      previously was also found to be diminished at all doses of x-irradiation. Trypan
      blue exclusion studies demonstrated that the observed decreases in EC
      allostimulatory capacity and ETAF production were not the result of a generalized
      lethal effect of x-irradiation on EC. The reduction in EC allostimulatory
      capacity following in vivo x-irradiation could not be reversed by addition of
      exogenous ETAF or interleukin-1 in the ELR. Taken together, these results
      indicate that x-irradiation decreases the density of Ia+ LC, impairs LC
      alloantigen-presenting function, and reduces ETAF production. Thus cutaneous x
      irradiation may affect inflammatory and neoplastic processes not only by its
      antimitotic activity, but also by a direct effect on EC which subserve
      immunologic functions.

PMID- 3877771
TI  - Cutaneous deposition of immune complexes in chronic serum sickness of mice
      induced with cationized or unaltered antigen.
AB  - We have previously shown that cationic proteins localize to the dermal-epidermal
      junction (DEJ) after i.v. injection in experimental animals. In the present
      studies, cationized rabbit IgG was used as antigen for induction of chronic serum
      sickness in C57BL/6J mice over a period of 4 weeks. The formation of immune
      deposits was examined by immunofluorescence microscopy at weekly intervals during
      chronic antigen administration and at 7 weeks from the initiation of studies.
      Chronic administration of the cationized antigen led to immune complex deposits
      at the DEJ, while administration of the same antigen in native form did not lead
      to these deposits. Junctional immune deposits increased with higher doses of
      cationized antigen and paralleled renal extraglomular deposition in intensity,
      persistence, and morphology. Mice given cationized antigen also demonstrated
      vascular immune complex deposits without complement, while mice given native
      antigen had complement deposits and developed perivascular inflammation. No
      inflammation or complement deposition was detected at the DEJ in either group.
      Charge properties of circulating antigens are important in determining tissue
      sites of immune complex deposition and inflammation. Circulating cationic
      antigens can lead to immune deposits at the DEJ.

PMID- 3877772
TI  - [Evaluation of myocardial viability in myocardial infarction by thallium-201
      emission computed tomography].
AB  - Stress thallium-201 emission computed tomography (ECT) was performed for 24
      patients with myocardial infarction for quantitative evaluation of regional
      thallium redistribution and washout. ECT was performed using a rotating gamma
      camera 10 minutes and 2.5 hours after thallium injection during maximal exercise.
      Three short-axis sections and one central long-axis section were selected for the
      circumferential profile curves. Redistribution (%) and washout (%) were
      calculated from the stress and redistribution profile curves in each section.
      These parameters were evaluated by comparison with regional wall motion on
      radiographic contrast ventriculography. Forty-eight of the 52 segments (92%) with
      normal thallium uptake showed normal wall motion. Among the segments with
      abnormal thallium uptake, normal or hypokinetic wall motion was observed in 12 of
      13 segments (92%) with more than 20% redistribution and in 16 of 19 segments
      (84%) with 10-20% redistribution, while it was observed in only 15 of 36 segments
      (42%) without redistribution (p less than 0.001). Among 48 infarcted segments, 16
      segments (33%) showed significant redistribution on ECT analysis. Normal or
      hypokinetic wall motion was observed in three of five segments (60%) with more
      than 20% redistribution, and in 10 of 11 segments (91%) with 10-20%
      redistribution, while it was seen in only eight of 30 segments (17%) without
      redistribution (p less than 0.005).

PMID- 3877773
TI  - [Growth changes in the mandibular form in skeletal Class III malocclusion cases].

PMID- 3877774
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for urinary amyloid P component.
AB  - A sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoassay for the measurement of amyloid P
      component (AP) in urine is described. The method is linear with AP concentrations
      in the range 5 to 2500 micrograms/L, the lower limit of the assay being 5
      micrograms/L. Intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation ranged from
      2.2% to 10.3% and from 3.0% to 9.8%, respectively. The mean urinary excretion of
      AP in 20 normal subjects was 37 micrograms/24 hr, range 5 to 102 micrograms/24
      hr. Compared with normal subjects, patients with rheumatic disease had an
      increased urinary output of AP (mean 98 micrograms/24 hr, range 5 to 218
      micrograms/24 hr; P less than 0.005). In patients with reactive (secondary)
      amyloidosis the diurnal excretion of AP was markedly increased (mean 615
      micrograms/24 hr), but the urinary AP/albumin ratio did not significantly differ
      from that in patients with nonamyloid kidney disease who were matched with the
      amyloid group with respect to the degree of proteinuria and impairment of renal
      glomerular filtration rate.

PMID- 3877775
TI  - Air in the ventricles: an unusual complication of nasal polypectomy.

PMID- 3877776
TI  - Host resistance directed selectively against H-2-deficient lymphoma variants.
      Analysis of the mechanism.
AB  - Three independent variants with a profound reduction of cell surface H-2 have
      been selected from the C57BL/6 mouse-derived RBL-5 and EL-4 T lymphomas. After
      subcutaneous inoculation of low cell doses in syngeneic mice, the H-2- variants
      failed to grow out, whereas the H-2+ control lines showed progressive growth. No
      difference in growth rate or cloning efficiency was detectable in tissue culture.
      The in vivo difference in tumor outgrowth was analyzed in detail for one of the H
      2-low lines. The outgrowth difference remained after the H-2-low variant and the
      control line had been injected subcutaneously in opposite flanks of the same
      mouse, and it was not dependent upon activity of mature T cells, since the same
      result was seen in athymic nude mice. The difference was partially sensitive to
      irradiation of the hosts. When mice were pretreated with anti-asialo GM1
      antiserum, known to depress natural killer (NK) cell activity, the difference in
      outgrowth was abolished, and both the control line and the H-2- variant showed
      progressive growth in vivo. Experiments comparing the distribution and survival
      of isotope-prelabeled variant and wild type cells indicated that a rapid
      elimination of the former took place within 24 h after intravenous injection.
      These differences in tumor elimination were not seen in mice treated with anti
      asialo GM1 antiserum. We conclude that the reduced tumorigenicity of sublines
      with impaired H-2 expression is largely, if not exclusively due to rapid
      elimination by NK cells. These findings may reflect an inverse, indirect relation
      between factors controlling H-2 expression and NK sensitivity. Another possible
      explanation is that major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded gene products
      are directly involved in a regulatory signal in the NK cell system. According to
      this interpretation, immunological selectivity in the NK cell system would be
      achieved by the failure to recognize self-MHC, irrespective of the presence of
      foreign antigens, i.e. by detection of no-self rather than of nonself. This may
      also explain previous observations on H-2-linked hybrid resistance against
      lymphoid grafts and changes in H-2 phenotypes associated with tumor progression.

PMID- 3877777
TI  - Anti-RNA polymerase I antibodies in sera of MRL lpr/lpr and MRL +/+ autoimmune
      mice. Correlation of antibody production with delayed onset of lupus-like disease
      in MRL +/+ mice.
AB  - Sera from individual MRL/lpr and MRL/++ mice, which develop an autoimmune disease
      similar to human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), were screened over a period
      of approximately 30 wk for the presence of anti-RNA polymerase I and anti-ssDNA
      antibodies. Even though onset of the disease is delayed in MRL/++ as compared to
      MRL/lpr mice, anti-ssDNA antibodies were present in comparable concentrations in
      the sera of all mice by the age of 6 wk. As observed in sera of human SLE
      patients, anti-RNA polymerase I antibodies were detected in the sera of all MRL
      mice. However, unlike the anti-ssDNA antibodies, anti-RNA polymerase I antibodies
      were detected much later in MRL/++ mice (mean age, 22.8 wk) as compared to
      MRL/lpr mice (mean age, 9.6 wk). The presence of anti-RNA polymerase I antibodies
      in sera of MRL mice was thus a much better indicator of disease status than the
      presence of anti-ssDNA antibodies. The appearance and increase in anti-RNA
      polymerase I antibodies in the sera of MRL/++ mice correlated (R2 = 0.964) with a
      precipitous decrease in anti-ssDNA antibodies, starting at about 20 wk of age.
      These results suggest a possible relationship between the RNA polymerase I and
      DNA autoimmune reactions.

PMID- 3877778
TI  - Crosslinking of surface immunoglobulin and Fc receptors on B lymphocytes inhibits
      stimulation of inositol phospholipid breakdown via the antigen receptors.
AB  - F(ab')2 fragments of rabbit anti-mouse Ig induce proliferation of murine B
      lymphocytes, whereas the intact antibodies are not mitogenic. F(ab')2 anti-Ig
      stimulates the rapid breakdown of inositol phospholipids in B cells, resulting in
      the prolonged release of inositol (poly)phosphates and diacylglycerol. In marked
      contrast, intact anti-Ig initially induces a comparable response, which is
      abrogated after some 30 s. Blocking either the Fc receptors on the B cells or the
      Fc portion of the antibodies significantly reversed the inhibitory effect. On the
      other hand, both forms of anti-Ig elicited comparable increases in free
      cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels in B cells. These results therefore indicate that
      crosslinkage of Fc and surface Ig receptors on B cells inhibits inositol
      phospholipid breakdown (but not Ca2+ flux) resulting from ligation of the antigen
      receptors. Since there is evidence implicating inositol phospholipid breakdown in
      the induction of cell growth, this effect could provide a biochemical explanation
      for the known capacity of antigen-antibody complexes to inhibit B cell
      activation.

PMID- 3877780
TI  - Isolation and characterization of porcine alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. Leukocyte
      elastase-inhibitor complexes in porcine blood, I.
AB  - alpha 1-Proteinase inhibitor was purified from porcine blood by ammonium sulphate
      and Cibachron Blue-Sepharose fractionation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE
      Cellulose, gel filtration on Sephadex G-25, and zinc chelating chromatography.
      Thus, an inhibitor preparation with a specific activity of 1.62 IU/mg protein
      (enzyme: trypsin; substrate: BzArgNan) was obtained. In sodium dodecyl sulphate
      gel electrophoresis one protein band corresponding to a molecular mass of 67.6
      kDa was found. On isoelectric focusing 6 protein bands with isoelectric points of
      3.80, 3.90, 4.05, 4.20, 4.25 and 4.45 were separated. The amino acid composition
      was determined. The association rate constants for the inhibition of various
      serine proteinases were measured.

PMID- 3877781
TI  - The determination of alpha-amylase with 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-beta-D
      maltoheptaoside as substrate: comparison with other methods.
AB  - The determination of alpha-amylase with 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-beta-D
      maltoheptaoside as substrate was evaluated. The molar lineic absorbance of the
      liberated product, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol, depends on the concentration of the
      protein present in the test. The catalytic activity concentrations obtained with
      human native sera, urines and commercial test sera were compared with activity
      concentrations determined using substrates with the same carbohydrate chain
      length. The analytical agreement is acceptable for human sera and urines. The
      relative reaction rates measured with alpha-amylase of various origins and 7
      different substrates are presented. The advantages of the new test are discussed.

PMID- 3877779
TI  - Susceptibility to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus isolates correlates directly
      with early and high cytotoxic T cell activity, as well as with footpad swelling
      reaction, and all three are regulated by H-2D.
AB  - The lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) isolates Docile (D) and Aggressive
      (A) of Pfau et al. were studied in various strains of mice. Disease
      susceptibility, assessed as mortality and time to death to LCMV-D or -A varied
      greatly amongst mouse strains, and all four possible susceptibility patterns were
      observed: susceptibility to both (e.g. SWR/J), resistance to both (e.g. DBA/2),
      susceptibility to A but resistance to D (C57BL/6), or vice versa (CBA/J).
      Irrespective of the virus isolate or the mouse strain tested, susceptibility
      correlated with both early and high cytotoxic T cell activity found in spleens or
      leptomeningeal infiltrates, and with early and high primary footpad swelling
      reaction after local infection. C57BL/6 mice infected with A or SWR/J infected
      with A or with D showed, in both test systems, early and high activities; in
      contrast, DBA/2 mice infected with either D or A, and C57BL/6 infected with D
      showed no or only slow and low responses in both tests. Early and high LCMV
      specific cytotoxic T cell activity, and the rapidity and extent of the primary
      footpad reaction directly correlated with susceptibility to LCM and all were
      dominantly regulated by H-2D.

PMID- 3877782
TI  - Action of polyvalent cations on sodium transport across skin of larval and adult
      Rana catesbeiana.
AB  - The actions of alkaline earth (AE) and transition element (TE) cations on Na+
      transport across skin of larval and adult Rana catesbeiana were compared. Bathed
      on the outside by Ca+2-free Ringer's, both larval and adult skins maintained a
      stable short-circuit current (3-4 mu Amps cm-2 for larval skin and 20-30 mu Amps
      cm-2 for adult skin). Addition of Ca+2 to the external bath reduced the SCC;
      maximal inhibition was about 36% for larval skin and 22% for adult skin. Other AE
      divalent cations were also inhibitory. The order of effectiveness was: Ba+2 =
      Ca+2 greater than Sr+2 greater than Mg+2 for larval skin and Ba+2 greater than
      Ca+2 = Mg+2 for adult skin. Sodium influx was markedly elevated when Ca+2 was
      removed from the external medium. Current-voltage analysis indicated that Ca+2
      increases the resistance of the active pathway without affecting the shunt
      resistance or the electromotive force of Na+ transport (ENa) in larval and adult
      skins. The SCC across adult skin was stimulated by TE cations (Co+2, Cd+2, La+3).
      These ions were inhibitory on larval skin. The transition in the response
      occurred at stage XXI. The inhibitory effect of TE on larvel skin resembles that
      seen in response to AE cations and we postulate a common mechanism. Since larval
      skin lacks the selective Na+ channels found in apical membranes of adult skin, we
      infer that the mechanism of inhibition by AE cations is not on these channels. A
      more general phenomenon such as change in surface charge at the apical membrane
      seems more reasonable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3877783
TI  - Drug and chemical related deaths: incidence in the State of Maryland--1975 to
      1980.
AB  - The incidence of drug and chemical related deaths was studied over a six-year
      period in the State of Maryland. Deaths were classified into the following
      categories: alcohol, carbon monoxide (CO), single drugs, multiple drugs, and
      narcotism. The last three categories were further subdivided as to the specific
      drugs or chemicals involved. Over the six-year period the number of alcohol and
      CO deaths remained steady, the number of barbiturate and propoxyphene deaths
      declined, while the number of tricyclic antidepressant drug deaths increased.

PMID- 3877784
TI  - Marijuana testing and litigation.

PMID- 3877785
TI  - Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for post-thoracotomic pain.

PMID- 3877786
TI  - Heterogeneity of the immunological deficiency in ataxia-telangiectasia: absence
      of a clinical-pathological correlation.
AB  - We have been impressed by the absence of severe and recurring infections in most
      of our patients with ataxia-telangiectasia. In this report, our clinical and
      laboratory data on 25 patients are reviewed. We found a heterogeneity of
      immunological results and a lack of correlation between these results and
      clinical well-being.

PMID- 3877787
TI  - Cellular and molecular studies on ataxia-telangiectasia lymphoblastoid cell
      lines.
AB  - We have examined several AT-related lesions in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs)
      derived from AT patients. Diminished sensitivity to gamma-irradiation was found
      in six of seven AT-LCLs. A seventh line, from a patient with apparently normal T
      cell immunity, responded normally following radiation. Constitutive proteins from
      exponentially growing AT-LCLs were assessed by SDS-PAGE analysis and did not
      differ significantly from normals. IgM synthesis was also normal except for one
      AT-LCL that contained native IgM molecules of different sizes, corresponding to
      the presence of pentamers and oligomers. Analysis under reducing conditions
      showed normal-sized secretory mu-chains. Finally, we examined mRNAs corresponding
      to two oncogenes, c-myc and c-myb, in AT and normal LCLs and found marked
      overproduction of c-myc in one AT-LCL (ie,, ATL6). The latter findings suggest
      that AT cells might be prone to aberrantly express cellular oncogenes as a result
      of chromosomal instability and consequent transposition of oncogenes.

PMID- 3877788
TI  - Defective specific antiinfluenza virus antibody production in vitro by
      lymphocytes from patients with ataxia-telangiectasia.
AB  - The ability of lymphocytes from 11 patients with ataxia-telangiectasia to produce
      specific antiinfluenza virus antibody in vitro was evaluated. Lymphocytes from
      these patients produced markedly less antibody than lymphocytes from normal
      controls when stimulated with type A influenza viruses. Additional studies were
      undertaken to evaluate the function of the B cells, T cells, and adherent cells
      of these patients in specific antibody production. B cells from the AT patients
      produced one-third to one-half as much antiinfluenza virus antibody as did B
      cells from normals when stimulated with the polyclonal activator Epstein-Barr
      virus or, in the two cases studied, when stimulated with influenza virus in the
      presence of normal HLA-identical T-cells, suggesting that a partial B-cell defect
      contributed to the deficient antibody response in these patients. Helper T-cell
      function of T-cells from two patients was evaluated in coculture with their HLA
      identical sibling's B cells; these studies revealed that the patients' T-cells
      could provide less help than normals' T-cells but that this help was not entirely
      deficient. Furthermore, T-cells from AT patients could provide allostimulated
      helper T-cell function in coculture with allogeneic normal B cells. Taken
      together, these results suggest that partial defects of B- and T-cell function
      both contribute to the decreased antiinfluenza virus antibody production by
      patients with AT.

PMID- 3877789
TI  - Job satisfaction among occupational health nurses.

PMID- 3877790
TI  - Treatment of diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL) with COMLA (cyclophosphamide,
      oncovin, methotrexate, leucovorin, cytosine arabinoside): a 10-year experience in
      a single institution.
AB  - Between March 1974 and December 1983, 83 patients with diffuse histiocytic
      lymphoma (DHL) were treated with COMLA (cyclophosphamide 1.5 g/m2 day 1; Oncovin
      (Lilly, Indianapolis) 1.4 mg/m2 days 1, 8, and 15; and cytosine arabinoside 300
      mg/m2 and methotrexate 120 mg/m2 days 22, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, and 71; and
      leucovorin 25 mg/m2 every six hours X 4, beginning 24 hours after methotrexate).
      For the purpose of analysis, patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n =
      54) included patients age 65 or under who had received no prior curative
      radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Group 2 (n = 29) included all patients over age 65
      and patients who had received prior curative radiation therapy or prior minimal
      chemotherapy. The median time of follow-up for all patients was 28 months. Group
      1 included 11 stage II, ten stage III, and 33 stage IV patients. Of 48 evaluable
      patients in this group, 21 (44%) achieved a complete remission (CR), eight (17%)
      achieved a partial remission (PR), and 19 (40%) showed no response (NR). Median
      survival of CR patients was 114+ months, PR patients, 42 months, and NR patients,
      13 months. Six CR patients relapsed. The median disease-free survival of CR
      patients was 108+ months. Group 2 included nine stage II, seven stage III, and 13
      stage IV patients. Of 24 patients evaluable for response, eight (33%) achieved a
      CR, six (25%) achieved a PR, and ten (42%) showed no response. The median
      survival of CR patients was 114+ months, that of PR patients was 17 months, and
      that of NR patients, 9 months. Two CR patients relapsed. The median disease-free
      survival of CR patients had not been reached at 102 months. The regimen was well
      tolerated in most patients and toxicity was acceptable. We conclude that COMLA is
      a well tolerated outpatient chemotherapy regimen capable of inducing durable CRs
      in some patients with DHL. Results achieved with COMLA, however, are inferior to
      those of more aggressive treatment programs; thus, the use of COMLA as first-line
      therapy in DHL should be limited to those patients unable to tolerate a more
      aggressive treatment program.

PMID- 3877791
TI  - Central compensation of vestibular deficits. IV. Responses of lateral vestibular
      neurons to neck rotation after labyrinth deafferentation.
AB  - The response characteristics of neurons located in the lateral vestibular nucleus
      (LVN) to neck rotation at 0.026 Hz, 10 degrees peak displacement, have been
      investigated in precollicular decerebrate cats submitted to ipsilateral acute
      (aVN) or chronic vestibular neurectomy (cVN). On the whole, 105 units were tested
      after aVN (i.e., during the first postoperative hours) and 132 units after cVN
      (i.e., after full compensation of the postural and locomotor deficits). The
      neurons were histologically located either in the rostroventral (rvLVN) or the
      dorsocaudal part (dcLVN) of Deiters' nucleus, which are known to project mainly
      to the cervical and the lumbosacral cord, respectively. Moreover, 55 units in the
      former group and 66 units in the latter group were identified as vestibulospinal
      neurons projecting to lumbosacral segments of the spinal cord. The responses of
      these 237 LVN neurons to the neck input were then compared with those of 120 LVN
      neurons recorded previously in decerebrate cats with intact labyrinths. Whereas
      58.3% of the LVN units recorded in control experiments were responsive to neck
      rotation, 69.5% of the units were affected by this stimulation at the acute stage
      of the neurectomy and 74.2% at the chronic stage. This increase in responsive
      units after aVN and cVN with respect to the controls was found exclusively in the
      dcLVN. The mean discharge rate of the responsive LVN neurons decreased from 40.7
      +/- 48.9 (SD) imp/s in control experiments to 22.1 +/- 15.8 (SD) imp/s after a
      VN. Similar value was also obtained after cVN [25.0 +/- 17.2 (SD) imp/s],
      suggesting that compensation of the postural deficits elicited by the vestibular
      neurectomy results from a redistribution of the excitatory drive within different
      populations of LVN neurons. Indeed, the relation found in control experiments,
      i.e., that the faster the conduction velocity of vestibulospinal axons the lower
      was the unit discharge at rest, was lost after aVN, due to a decrease in resting
      discharge of the slow units. The mean discharge rate of the slow units, however,
      recovered after cVN, so that the negative correlation between resting discharge
      rate and axonal conduction velocity was reestablished. The average gain and
      sensitivity of the first harmonic response of the LVN neurons to neck rotation
      recorded after aVN and cVN were comparable to those obtained in preparations with
      the vestibular nerves intact.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3877792
TI  - The vestibuloocular reflex of the adult flatfish. I. Oculomotor organization.
AB  - The flatfish species constitute a natural paradigm for investigating adaptive
      changes in the vertebrate central nervous system. During metamorphosis all
      species of flatfish experience a 90 degree change in orientation between their
      vestibular and extraocular coordinate axes. As a result, the optic axes of both
      eyes maintain their orientation with respect to earth horizontal, but the
      horizontal semicircular canals become oriented vertically. Since the flatfish
      propels its body with the same swimming movements when referenced to the body as
      a normal fish, the horizontal canals are exposed to identical accelerations, but
      in the flatfish these accelerations occur in a vertical plane. The appropriate
      compensatory eye movements are simultaneous rotations of both eyes forward or
      backward (i.e., parallel), in contrast to the symmetric eye movements in upright
      fish (i.e., one eye moves forward, the other backward). Therefore, changes in the
      extraocular muscle arrangement and/or the neuronal connectivity are required.
      This study describes the peripheral and central oculomotor organization in the
      adult winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus. At the level of the
      peripheral oculomotor apparatus, the sizes of the horizontal extraocular muscles
      (lateral and medial rectus) were considerably smaller than those of the vertical
      eye muscles, as quantified by fiber counts and area measurements of cross
      sections of individual muscles. However, the spatial orientations and the
      kinematic characteristics of all six extraocular muscles were not different from
      those described in comparable lateral-eyed animals. There were no detectable
      asymmetries between the left and the right eye. Central oculomotor organization
      was investigated by extracellular horseradish peroxidase injections into
      individual eye muscles. Commonly described distributions of extraocular motor
      neurons in the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nuclei were found. These motor
      neuron pools consisted of two contralateral (superior rectus and superior
      oblique) and four ipsilateral populations (inferior oblique, inferior rectus,
      medial rectus, and lateral rectus). The labeled cells formed distinct motor
      neuron populations, which overlapped little. As expected, the numbers of labeled
      motoneurons differed in horizontal and vertical eye movers. The numerical
      difference was especially prominent in comparing the abducens nucleus with one of
      the vertical recti subdivisions. Nevertheless, there was bilateral symmetry
      between the motoneurons projecting to the left and right eyes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3877793
TI  - Central compensation of vestibular deficits. III. Response characteristics of
      lateral vestibular neurons to roll tilt after contralateral labyrinth
      deafferentation.
AB  - The responses of lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) neurons to stimulation of
      macular labyrinth receptors have been investigated in precollicular decerebrate
      cats after contralateral acute vestibular neurectomy (aVN). On the whole, 78 LVN
      neurons were tested during slow sinusoidal tilt of the animal at the standard
      parameters (0.026 Hz, 10 degrees peak displacement). The neurons were located in
      both the rostroventral (rvLVN) and the dorsocaudal parts (dcLVN) of Deiters'
      nucleus, which project mainly to the cervical and the lumbosacral cord,
      respectively. After contralateral aVN, the proportions of responsive units in
      rvLVN and dcLVN (100% and 75.4%, respectively) were similar to those obtained in
      control experiments with intact labyrinths. However, the mean discharge rate of
      the responsive units slightly decreased with respect to the value obtained in
      control experiments, the decrease being more prominent within the rvLVN. The
      average sensitivity (and to a lesser extent the gain) of responses of rvLVN
      neurons to the labyrinth input was almost twice that of the dcLVN units in
      preparations with the vestibular nerves intact; these regional differences
      disappeared after contralateral aVN, particularly due to a decrease in gain and
      sensitivity of responses in the rvLVN. The proportion of LVN neurons that were
      maximally excited by animal position increased from 74.0% in the control
      experiments to 82.8%. However, while in control experiments the proportion of
      units excited during side-down tilt was twice as high as that of the units
      excited by side-up tilt, the opposite occurred after contralateral aVN; this
      finding affected particularly the dcLVN. In addition the average phase lead of
      responses relative to the extreme animal displacements slightly decreased from
      +12.3 degrees in control experiments to +9.4 degrees. Among the LVN neurons
      recorded after contralateral aVN, 35 were antidromically activated by stimulating
      the spinal cord at T12 L1, while 43 units were not activated. The relation found
      in control experiments, i.e., that the faster the conduction velocity of
      vestibulospinal axon the lower was the unit discharge at rest, was lost after
      contralateral aVN, due to a decrease in resting discharge rate of the slow
      neurons. This finding, coupled with the observation that slow and fast units did
      not show any difference in their response gain to tilt, explains why the positive
      correlation between axonal conduction velocity and response sensitivity occurring
      in control experiments was lost after contralateral aVN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3877794
TI  - The prevention of nasal liquorrhea caused by transphenoidal surgery for pituitary
      adenomas. Technical note.
AB  - The Authors report their experience in the surgical treatment of nasal liquorrhea
      in transphenoidal surgery. They suggest the use of clotting substances like the
      adhesive Tissucol in order to prevent this complication.

PMID- 3877795
TI  - Gallbladder visualization during technetium-99m-labeled red cell scintigraphy for
      gastrointestinal bleeding.
AB  - Localization of radionuclide activity in the gallbladder was seen on delayed
      views following injection of 99mTc-labeled red blood cells for gastrointestinal
      bleeding in five patients. The mechanism for this unusual finding probably
      relates to labeling of heme, the biochemical precursor of bilirubin. All patients
      had had prior transfusions. All but one had severe renal impairment, probably an
      important predisposing factor.

PMID- 3877796
TI  - Carbon-11 choline: synthesis, purification, and brain uptake inhibition by 2
      dimethylaminoethanol.
AB  - We report an improved method for the synthesis and purification of
      [11C]methylcholine from the precursors [11C]methyliodide and 2
      dimethylaminoethanol (deanol). Preparation time, including purification, is 35
      min postbombardment. Forty millicuries of purified injectable [11C]choline were
      produced with a measured specific activity of greater than 300 Ci/mmol and a
      radiochemical purity greater than 98%. The decay corrected radiochemical yield
      for the synthesis and purification was approximately 50%. Residual precursor
      deanol, which inhibits brain uptake of choline, is removed by a rapid preparative
      high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using a reverse phase cyano
      column with a biologically compatible 100% water eluent. Evaporation alone did
      not completely remove the deanol precursor. Brain uptake of the [11C]choline
      product was six times greater after HPLC removal of deanol because doses of less
      than 1 microgram/kg significantly inhibit [14C]choline brain uptake.

PMID- 3877797
TI  - Effect of errors in reangulation on planar and tomographic thallium-201 washout
      profile curves.
AB  - Cardiac phantom studies were performed with and without a defect present to test
      the hypothesis that myocardial 201TI quantitative circumferential washout profile
      curves calculated from planar and rotating slant hole (RSH) collimator
      tomographic images are equally affected by errors in axial repositioning.
      Simulated stress images were acquired with the long axis of the phantom
      perpendicular to the camera surface and redistribution images were acquired to
      represent 50% 201TI washout with axial repositioning errors relative to the
      stress position ranging from 0 to 20 degrees in 5 degrees increments. There was a
      decrease in the 201TI washout profile curves compared to that expected (50%) in
      the wall tilted away from the camera surface, and a reciprocal increase in the
      201TI washout profile curves in the wall tilted towards the camera surface for
      both imaging techniques whether a lesion was present or not. This effect became
      more pronounced as the error in axial repositioning was increased for both the
      planar (p less than 0.001) and the RSH tomographic (p less than 0.001)
      techniques. However, the deviation of the 201TI washout profile curves from that
      expected (50%) was greater for the planar imaging technique with or without a
      lesion (p less than 0.05 to 0.001). Thus, we conclude that 201TI quantitative
      circumferential washout profile curves calculated using this tomographic imaging
      technique are less affected by errors in axial repositioning than those
      calculated using an equivalent projection by standard planar imaging methods.
      These data emphasize the importance which must be placed on the repositioning of
      patients to obtain valid 201TI washout profile curves for the detection and
      localization of coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3877798
TI  - A rotating double-headed positron camera.
AB  - Based on a double-headed rotating uncollimated scintillation camera system, a
      positron imaging device was developed. After a rotating data acquisition in
      coincidence mode, 16 transverse section images are reconstructed by back
      projection. To obtain a uniform response, a limited angle reconstruction option
      is incorporated in this process. After correction for the system response by a
      three-dimensional deconvolution technique, the 16 transverse section images are
      stored on disk as a standard patient study for further analysis. The system can
      also be operated in a stationary mode. In this mode longitudinal tomographic
      images are obtained. Return to single photon scintigraphy is possible by
      remounting the collimators and by switching off the coincidence electronics.

PMID- 3877799
TI  - PET, SPECT, and NMRI: competing or complementary disciplines?

PMID- 3877800
TI  - PET: the new focus of nuclear medicine?

PMID- 3877801
TI  - Asbestos-related disease in plumbers and pipefitters employed in building
      construction.
AB  - Asbestos-related disease in a group of 153 plumbers and pipefitters employed in
      building construction was assessed by means of a cross-sectional prevalence
      study. Study methods were medical questionnaire, spirometry, measurement of
      diffusing capacity, physical examination of the chest, and chest roentgenogram.
      The major finding was bilateral pleural thickening in 28 (18.3%) of the
      participants. Unilateral pleural thickening was found in 12 subjects (7.8%).
      Small irregular opacities of profusion 1/0 or greater were found in 12 subjects
      (7.8%). Bilateral pleural thickening was associated with both age and time since
      first asbestos exposure, while unilateral pleural thickening was associated only
      with age. Decreases in forced vital capacity (percent predicted) were associated
      with duration of exposure. The most prevalent abnormality found was bilateral
      pleural thickening, which is more specific for asbestos exposure than is
      unilateral pleural thickening.

PMID- 3877802
TI  - Evaluation of tibiofibular motion under load conditions by computed tomography.
AB  - Evaluation of tibiofibular motion in vivo has been possible only by invasive
      methods. A new noninvasive method has been developed that uses computed
      tomography (CT). A special device was constructed for use on the CT table to
      study fibular motion with load placed across the ankle. From dorsal to plantar
      flexion the fibula moved 1.1 +/- 0.4 mm medially with an accompanying
      nonsignificant ventral shift and medial rotation. Application of load across the
      ankle did not significantly alter these findings. In a subgroup of predominantly
      females, plantar flexion of the ankle provoked a dorsal fibular motion of 0.7 +/-
      0.8 mm. In this subgroup application of load across the ankle reduced the medial
      and dorsal motion during the accompanying plantar flexion. The mechanism of these
      different movements can be deduced from the morphology of the ankle joint and its
      ligamentous and muscular guidance mechanism. The variable axis of joint movement
      and the insertion of the lateral ligament forced the fibula anterior in plantar
      flexion. When external talar rotation is present, the normal fibular motion is
      prevented unless load is applied across the ankle. This new investigative
      procedure permits study of the sequelae of traumatic and iatrogenic injuries to
      the fibula.

PMID- 3877803
TI  - Microbiology of the lower genital tract in postmenarchal adolescent girls:
      differences by sexual activity, contraception, and presence of nonspecific
      vaginitis.
AB  - The prevalence of selected microorganisms in the lower genital tract in
      postmenarchal adolescent girls was assessed, including vaginal Gardnerella
      vaginalis, group B streptococcus, lactobacillus, Mycoplasma species, Ureaplasma
      urealyticum, Staphylococcus aureus, and yeast, and endocervical Mycoplasma
      species, U. urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and
      Trichomonas vaginalis. Specific attention was focused on important sexually
      transmitted disease organisms, and differences in isolations by age, sexual
      activity, ethnicity, contraception, and the diagnosis of nonspecific vaginitis
      were measured. Sexually active subjects had a mean of 6.05 organisms (SD = 3.16),
      compared with 3.12 organisms (SD = 3.92) in non-sexually active subjects (P =
      0.001). Sexually active subjects had significantly more vaginal G. vaginalis,
      lactobacilli, Mycoplasma species, and U. urealyticum, as well as endocervical
      Mycoplasma species and U. urealyticum, compared with non-sexually active
      subjects; C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoea, and T. vaginalis were isolated
      exclusively from the sexually active group. Significant differences in isolation
      rates by ethnicity were found in vaginal Mycoplasma species and U. urealyticum,
      and endocervical Mycoplasma species, U. urealyticum, C. trachomatis, N.
      gonorrhoeae, and T. vaginalis. In general, organisms were isolated from blacks
      most frequently; N. gonorrhoea was isolated from blacks exclusively. Differences
      were found in microbiologic isolations by the presence or absence of nonspecific
      vaginitis. Vaginal G. vaginalis and Mycoplasma species and endocervical
      Mycoplasma species and U. urealyticum were found significantly more often in
      isolates from the group with nonspecific vaginitis. It is important to define the
      microbial flora of the lower genital tract in adolescent girls in order to
      understand its role in the pathogenesis of acute salpingitis.

PMID- 3877804
TI  - Color blindness and Rorschach color responsivity.
AB  - Color vision deficits occur in 10% of the American white male population. Thus,
      color blindness may invalidate diagnostic hypotheses generated from Rorschach
      data. The Rorschach protocols of 43 white, college male color-blind subjects were
      compared to the protocols of normally sighted controls. The color-blind group
      manifested fewer pure "C" responses. No significant between group differences
      emerged for any of the other primary Rorschach color variables. Pure "C"
      responses rarely figure prominently in Rorschach evaluations, and the apparent
      lowered frequency of these responses by the color-blind is insufficient to
      warrant modification of current Rorschach practice. The data suggest that color
      blindness is unlikely to confound Rorschach assessment.

PMID- 3877805
TI  - Synthesis and anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of 3-methyl-N-phenyl-1H
      pyrazol-5-ylcarboxamides.
AB  - The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of a series of 3-methyl-N-phenyl
      1H-pyrazol-5-ylcarboxamides were investigated and compared with flufenamic acid.
      The compounds were synthesized by condensation of diketopiperazines 2 with the
      appropriate aniline. The pharmacological tests showed that some compounds have
      good anti-inflammatory activity in rat paw edema induced by carrageenin and low
      toxicity.

PMID- 3877806
TI  - Early pregnancy interruption with a single PGF2 alpha 15-methyl-analogue vaginal
      suppository.
AB  - Pregnancy was interrupted successfully in 70% of 20 early pregnancies, 35-49 days
      in duration as dated from the first day of the last menstrual period, by
      administration of a single intravaginal suppository containing 3 mg of (15S)-15
      methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). No correlation could be demonstrated
      with baseline beta-subunit human chorionic gonadotropin or serum levels of
      prostaglandin obtained within ten hours of treatment. Continued pregnancy was
      documented in 10%. The rate of failures and the frequency of gastrointestinal
      side effects were deemed too great to warrant adopting this agent for clinical
      usage.

PMID- 3877807
TI  - Measuring outcome.

PMID- 3877808
TI  - Measurement of outcome in rheumatic diseases.
AB  - In the assessment of outcome in rheumatic diseases a number of factors must be
      taken into account. It is important to make an accurate diagnosis, so that the
      response to treatment is not confused by heterogeneity of the population. The
      meaning of outcome needs to be defined. The quality of life over a prolonged
      period is just as important as the ultimate outcome. Subjective symptoms are
      important to the patient. Pain is the most important, followed by disability and
      then stiffness. Despite attempts to produce numerical values for pain,
      particularly visual analogue scales, patients' accuracy in recalling pain
      experienced more than an hour previously is dubious. In an attempt to quantify
      this aspect we have measured disturbance of sleep by changes in the EEG and in
      the motility of the patient. Objective clinical measures are desirable for
      accuracy. Arthrographs of the knees and metacarpophalangeal joints have produced
      useful data for physical stiffness. It is doubtful, however, whether they truly
      reflect the subjective stiffness of which the patient complains. That is more
      likely to be due to limitation of motion. Grip strength is commonly measured by a
      pneumatic dynomometer, but a pinch/hand grip analyser promises to give more
      extensive information. Active movement has been measured goniometrically. The
      value of electrogoniometers should be enhanced by telemeterization of the
      apparatus. Passive movement has been measured with a hyperextensometer in
      patients with hypermobility. Ligamentous laxity of the knee can be measured on
      the Leeds Knee Analyser and differentiates collateral ligament damage and
      anterior cruciate ligament damage. Laboratory variables are important in a
      patient model system in which potential antirheumatoid drugs can be screened and
      their mechanism of action investigated. Correlation matrices separate second-line
      agents from NSAIDs. Although mini-matrices have been produced, it would not
      appear that any single biochemical test will suffice to differentiate these two
      classes of drugs. A therapeutic index, in which the efficacy is expressed as a
      ratio of the toxicity of the drug, is important in determining its value. The
      nearest we can get to serial assessment of the pathological changes in the joint
      is by X-ray assessment. Changes radiologically correlate to some extent with the
      height of the ESR, and their progress with changes in the ESR. Functional
      impairment is important to the patient in the long term, and the Disability Index
      devised by the Stanford group commends itself for extensive long-term studies.

PMID- 3877809
TI  - Orally absorbable cephalosporin antibiotics. 2. Structure-activity studies of
      bicyclic glycine derivatives of 7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid.
AB  - Three positional analogues (4-, 5-, and 7-) of benzothienylglycine and (N
      acetylindolinyl)-5-glycine were prepared and coupled to 7
      aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA) to give the cephalosporins 17a-c. In
      addition two isomeric (2,3-b and 3,2-b) thienothiopheneglycines were synthesized
      and coupled to 7-ADCA to yield cephalosporins 30d and 30e. In vitro testing of
      these new cephalosporins indicates good activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
      Against Streptococcus pneumoniae infections compound 25 displayed better mouse
      protection (both orally and subcutaneously) than cephalexin.

PMID- 3877810
TI  - The contribution of a capsule to survival of staphylococci within bovine
      neutrophils.
AB  - The encapsulated strain M of Staphylococcus aureus and the encapsulated strain 76
      of S. simulans survived incubation with bovine neutrophils in media containing
      heated bovine serum 0.5% v/v or milk whey 10% v/v. With two unencapsulated
      strains of S. aureus, M12 and M60, less than 5% of the original inoculum
      survived. When the concentrations of bovine serum and milk whey were increased to
      2% and 50% respectively, survival of the encapsulated strains was similar to that
      of the unencapsulated strains. The ability of skimmed milk 50% v/v to opsonise
      strain M was found in milk from 95% of 62 cows. The individual values for
      percentage intracellular survival of strains of S. aureus phagocytosed by bovine
      neutrophils in the presence of bovine serum 2% v/v or milk whey 50% v/v were
      0.48, 0.30 and 0.24 for strains M60, M and M12 respectively. Intracellular
      survival of strain M60 was significantly greater than that of strains M12 and M.
      The encapsulated coagulase-negative strain 76 (S. simulans) was not susceptible
      to lysis by lysostaphin, and it was not possible to destroy extracellular
      staphylococci to measure intracellular survival. It is concluded that the capsule
      of S. aureus strain M does not contribute to intracellular survival.

PMID- 3877811
TI  - The immune system in isolated IgA deficiency.
AB  - The immune systems were compared in 23 subjects with isolated IgA deficiency and
      15 controls with normal levels of IgA. The IgA deficient group had higher levels
      of serum IgM, and lower stimulation indices for the mitogens Con A, PWM and PHA;
      only the index for PHA was statistically significant. Their suppressor T-cell
      activity was decreased and chemotactic activity significantly decreased. They
      also exhibited a decrease in Leu 3, and a significantly lower ratio of Leu 3 to
      Leu 2. The mean percent of positive NBT neutrophils was decreased. An imbalance
      in the immunoregulatory mechanism is suggested as a possible explanation for IgA
      deficiency.

PMID- 3877812
TI  - In vitro immunoglobulin synthesis: T-cell requirement in pokeweed and
      staphylococcus aureus B-cell activation.
AB  - The T-cell requirement for the B-lymphocyte immunoglobulin synthesis induced by
      Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC) was
      investigated. We found that the PWM induced B-cell activation was controlled by
      an absolute Mitomycin-C resistant T-cell helper activity and by a Mitomycin-C
      sensible T-cell suppressor activity. On the other hand the SAC induced B-cell
      activation was less thymus dependent and was not influenced by Mitomycin-C
      treated or irradiated T cells. The different T-cell requirement could be an
      expression of different responding B-cell subpopulations.

PMID- 3877813
TI  - The clinical epidemiology of childhood accidents in a newly urbanized Bedouin
      community in Kuwait: a pilot study.

PMID- 3877814
TI  - The incidence of diarrhoeal diseases and diarrhoeal diseases related mortality in
      rural swampy low-land area of south Sumatra, Indonesia.

PMID- 3877815
TI  - An experimental study on the frog semicircular canal--functions of cupula and
      vestibular ganglion.
AB  - An isolated frog posterior semicircular canal was stimulated either by mechanical
      or thermal endolymphatic flow. Ampullofugal stimulation induced action potentials
      from the posterior ampullary nerve. These potentials adapted in six to eight
      seconds. While mechanical endolymphatic flow was induced, the cupula maintained
      its shift position without swinging back to the neutral point. This indicates
      that adaptation is mainly of sensorineural origin. When the canal was stimulated
      by a piece of frozen Ringer's solution, an increase in spike discharge was
      observed. The responses from the vestibular nerve trunk were compared to those
      from the posterior ampullary nerve. The time course of the response was shorter
      and the maximum spike count was smaller in the recordings from the vestibular
      nerve trunk.

PMID- 3877816
TI  - Blood flow in the peripheral vestibular system.
AB  - A quantitative estimation of the vestibular blood flow was made in normal rabbits
      using the microsphere method. The total inner ear blood flow was 4 mg per minute,
      the cochlear blood flow was 3 mg per minute, and the vestibular blood flow was 1
      mg per minute.

PMID- 3877817
TI  - Immune defence mechanisms of the nasal mucosa.
AB  - The authors present a working knowledge of immunology as it applies to the nose.
      The normal immune response is elaborated upon in its different aspects (non
      specific and specific types of response). A detailed description of the immune
      defence mechanism is given with emphasis on the clinical syndrome associated with
      immune disorders.

PMID- 3877818
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies specific for wild mouse neurotropic retrovirus: detection
      of comparable levels of virus replication in mouse strains susceptible and
      resistant to paralytic disease.
AB  - We used AKR/J mice to produce monoclonal antibodies specific for a neurotropic
      ecotropic (WM-E) virus initially isolated from wild mice. The rationale for this
      approach involved the observation that these mice were immunologically
      hyporesponsive to endogenous ecotropic virus (Akv) but fully responsive to type
      specific determinants of WM-E. Hybridoma cell lines derived from mice immunized
      with both denatured and viable virus produced antibodies with specificity for
      three viral membrane-associated polypeptides, gp70, p15(E), and p15gag. Epitopes
      specific for WM-E virus were detected in each of these polypeptides. Cross
      reactivity with Friend ecotropic virus (Friend murine leukemia virus) was
      observed with some gp70- and p15gag-specific antibodies, but no reactivity with
      endogenous Akv ecotropic virus was seen. The majority of these antibodies did not
      react with either xenotropic or mink cell focus-forming viruses. Two WM-E
      specific anti-gp70 antibodies reacting with different determinants had virus
      neutralizing activity in the absence of complement, suggesting that the
      respective epitopes may participate in receptor binding or virus penetration
      events. We used these monoclonal antibodies in initial studies to examine the
      replication of WM-E virus in neonatally inoculated AKR/J mice which are fully
      resistant to the paralytic disease induced by this virus. Since these mice
      express high levels of endogenous ecotropic virus, standard assays for ecotropic
      virus cannot be used to study this question. We present evidence that the
      resistance to disease does not involve a resistance to virus replication, since
      these mice expressed levels of viremia and virus replication in spleen and lumbar
      spinal cord comparable to susceptible NFS/N mice at a time when the latter began
      to manifest clinical signs of lower-motor-neuron pathology.

PMID- 3877819
TI  - [A new needle for single epidural electrical stimulation and its evaluation].

PMID- 3877820
TI  - [Anesthetic management in aorto-coronary bypass surgery in a hemodialysis
      dependent patient].

PMID- 3877821
TI  - [Clinical study and trial of penetration to the cerebrospinal fluid of
      aspoxicillin in the pediatric field].
AB  - Penetration of aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new semisynthetic penicillin, to
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and clinical studies against bacterial infections were
      carried out and the following results were obtained. The concentration of ASPC in
      CSF was below 1 microgram/ml at 1 hour after intravenous administration of about
      50 mg/kg dose to 2 cases of aseptic meningitis on the acute stage. The
      concentration of ASPC in CSF was above 10 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after
      intravenous administration of about 80 mg/kg dose to 3 cases of purulent
      meningitis on the acute stage, and was above 2 micrograms/ml even on the
      recovering stage. On each stage, its concentration was more than minimum
      inhibitory concentration of H. influenzae (less than or equal to 0.05
      microgram/ml; at inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml). Clinical efficacy of ASPC was
      good in all 3 cases of purulent meningitis, excellent in 3 cases, good in 3 cases
      and poor in 1 case out of 7 cases of septicemia, good in 2 cases and poor in 1
      case out of 3 cases of gastroenteritis, respectively. And clinical efficacy of
      other diseases were excellent or good, that were 2 cases of tonsillitis, 2 cases
      of soft tissue abscess, 1 case of purulent lymphadenitis and 1 case of urinary
      tract infection, respectively. Side effects were mild eosinophilia in only 2
      cases out of 22 cases.

PMID- 3877822
TI  - [Postoperative cell-mediated immunity in gastric cancer patients--with special
      reference to the effects of immunotherapy].
AB  - The cell-mediated immunity of gastric cancer subjects was investigated during the
      postoperative follow-up period from three to 12 months after surgery. The
      lymphocyte blastogenesis, the T cell count, the lymphocyte count and the
      lymphocyte percentage were significantly decreased in groups of experimental
      laparotomy and noncurative gastrectomy, compared with that of nonrecurrent cases
      after curative gastrectomy. The effects of the administration of
      immunopotentiators, the streptococcal preparation OK-432, and the protein-bound
      polysaccharide PSK, were studied in groups of curative gastrectomy. The
      lymphocyte blastogenesis, the T cell count and the lymphocyte count were slightly
      elevated in the OK-432 group.

PMID- 3877823
TI  - [Prognosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 1. T- and B-lymphomas and their primary
      sites].

PMID- 3877824
TI  - [T-cell type acute lymphoblastic leukemia developing during the course of chronic
      idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in a child].

PMID- 3877825
TI  - [Non-activated and activated prothrombin complex concentrates, Proplex and Feiba,
      in the treatment of a hemophilia B patient with high titer inhibitor against
      factor IX].

PMID- 3877826
TI  - [Surface marker analysis of leukemic cells by using antimyeloid monoclonal
      antibodies].

PMID- 3877827
TI  - [OKT4 antigen behavior in patients with hemophilia].

PMID- 3877828
TI  - [Dynamics of activation-linked T-cell antigens in vitro on the cell membrane of
      lymphocytes obtained from patients with hemophilia].

PMID- 3877829
TI  - [Prognosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 2. T- and B-lymphoma and clinical stage].

PMID- 3877830
TI  - [A case of acute lymphoblastic in an elderly patient with surface markers of B
      cell (B1+) and abnormal karyotype of 49,XX +9, +18, -19, +mar1, +mar2].

PMID- 3877831
TI  - [The successful use of FEIBA for treatment of intracranial hemorrhage in a
      patient of hemophilia B with inhibitor].

PMID- 3877832
TI  - [Comparative study of tumor diagnosis using 11C- and 13N-labeled amino acids].

PMID- 3877833
TI  - [Electroretinography in congenital color blindness].

PMID- 3877834
TI  - [Care of patients with coronary artery surgery].

PMID- 3877835
TI  - [ICU nursing following coronary artery surgery].

PMID- 3877836
TI  - [A case of simultaneous operation of aorto-coronary bypass graft and lung
      cancer].

PMID- 3877837
TI  - Interleukin 1 released from beagle alveolar macrophages exposed to dust
      particles.

PMID- 3877838
TI  - Spontaneous lymphomas in mice genetically selected for high or low
      phytohemagglutinin responsiveness.
AB  - Biozzi mice selected for high (Hi) or low (Lo) responsiveness to
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA) have been followed for their entire life-span to examine
      their pathology at death. Spontaneous lymphomas were found to exhibit higher
      incidence and faster development in Lo/PHA than in Hi/PHA females, whereas a
      similar difference between the two lines did not attain the level of statistical
      significance in male mice. The incidence of solid tumors was higher in Lo/PHA
      than in Hi/PHA males but the same in females of the two lines, yet the
      probability of dying from solid tumors was slightly increased in Lo/PHA mice of
      both sexes. All these results indicate that T-cell-mediated immunity influences
      mainly the spontaneous incidence of lymphomas and, to a lesser degree, the
      appearance of other solid tumors.

PMID- 3877839
TI  - [Marina's life was saved].

PMID- 3877840
TI  - [Determination of the count of B lymphocytes and circulating antibodies in
      patients with myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3877841
TI  - Pathophysiology of the kidney in rats with Heymann nephritis.
AB  - Alterations in kidney function were assessed early in the course of Heymann
      nephritis that was induced in rats by immunization with Fx1A, an extract prepared
      from rat kidney cortex. Whole kidney and single nephron function were evaluated
      by clearance and micropuncture techniques. Kidney function was studied in stage 1
      of Heymann nephritis, before the onset of proteinuria, and in stage 2, when
      antibodies are deposited along the brush border of proximal tubules. Although
      overall kidney function was similar in rats in stage 1 and normal controls,
      glucose reabsorption was somewhat depressed in the first part of the proximal
      convoluted tubule in stage 1. Both whole kidney and single nephron glomerular
      filtration rates were depressed in stage 2. Proteinuria in stage 2 was
      characterized by an increased albumin sieving coefficient, which resulted in an
      elevated excretion of albumin. Furthermore, several proximal tubule functions
      (glucose and fluid reabsorption and PAH extraction) were substantially depressed
      in stage 2. These findings demonstrate that immunological injury to the proximal
      tubules in stage 2 of Heymann nephritis produces a significant impairment of
      proximal function.

PMID- 3877842
TI  - [Can endarterectomy be avoided in aortocoronary shunting?].

PMID- 3877843
TI  - [Characteristics of gastric resection in patients with hemorrhage and pyloric
      stenosis in complete situs inversus viscerum].

PMID- 3877844
TI  - A new method of vascular anastomosis by low energy CO2 laser: experimental and
      clinical study.

PMID- 3877845
TI  - [Mesenteric venous thrombosis after splenectomy].

PMID- 3877846
TI  - [Changes in the physical condition, vestibular function and bone system in rats
      exposed to long-term rotation].
AB  - The unrestrained rats were rotated for 21 and 30 days at 1.1 and 2.0 G. The
      exposure did not deteriorate their equilibrium function or physical condition, i.
      e. static and dynamic endurance. However, the exposure decreased the reactivity
      and sensitivity of the semicircular canals. Bone parameters-longitudinal and
      transverse bone growth, metaepiphysis morphometry-indicated that the rats
      developed an acute stress-reaction accompanied by an inhibited growth of limb
      bones during the first 7 days of rotation. By experimental day 30 the animals
      became adapted to the new environment.

PMID- 3877847
TI  - [Significance of vestibular recruitment and directional predominance of nystagmus
      in diagnostic examinations].

PMID- 3877848
TI  - [Effect of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on amino acid metabolism in rats during
      hypokinesia].

PMID- 3877849
TI  - A mini-column method for routine measurement of human prostatic androgen
      receptors.
AB  - The complex heterogeneous nature of the human prostate gland is such that it is
      advisable to know the histological characteristics of each sample used for
      androgen receptor (AR) measurement. Adequate size of sample for AR determination
      is thus a problem if specimens provided during routine transurethral
      prostatectomy are to be used for both estimation of AR and histological
      examination. We present a simple method suitable for these small specimens in
      which [3H]R 1881 bound to AR is separated from free steroid on mini-columns of
      controlled-pore glass beads. Data obtained indicate a single class of binding
      sites of high affinity and low capacity with steroid specificity typical of an
      androgen receptor. The assay is suitable for samples as small as 20 mg wet weight
      and is linear using 25-125 microliter cytosol (correlation coefficient 0.995).
      Intra-assay variation is 6.8% and interassay variation 25.8% (n = 22) over 4
      months. A single saturating concentration of steroid measures 97% of AR
      calculated by Scatchard analysis. Inclusion of high salt (0.4 M KNO3) and 10 mM
      dithiothreitol in incubation buffer at pH 8.4 are essential; inclusion of 10 mM
      sodium molybdate in the homogenisation buffer improves measurement. A comparison
      of AR measured in histologically similar samples obtained by a transurethral
      resectoscope (TUR) and a cold punch resectoscope (CPR) taken in juxtaposition
      demonstrated no difference in receptor content. Although carcinomatous samples
      contained significantly higher receptors levels than benign samples, no
      differences were observed between TUR and CPR specimens.

PMID- 3877850
TI  - Coronary revascularization in patients with bilateral internal carotid
      occlusions.
AB  - Coronary revascularization that is neurologically uneventful in patients with
      bilateral totally occluded internal carotid arteries has not been previously
      reported. We performed saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafting on three
      such patients and observed them for 6 to 23 months. Preoperatively two of our
      patients had chronic stable symptoms of cerebrovascular insufficiency, and one
      had received cerebral revascularization via a superficial temporal-to-middle
      cerebral artery bypass. Controversy exists regarding proper cerebral protective
      maneuvers during coronary revascularization for patients with advanced
      cerebrovascular disease. Cerebral protection for our patients during
      cardiopulmonary bypass included hypothermia and high perfusion flows and
      pressures. Two patients also received prophylactic sodium thiopental. None of
      these three patients had a stroke perioperatively or during the follow-up period.
      We believe that these case histories strongly suggest that the functional state
      of the cerebral collateral circulation, as judged by preoperative neurological
      symptoms, predicts neurological outcome after coronary revascularization better
      than the specific occlusive anatomy of the extracranial carotid arteries.

PMID- 3877851
TI  - Effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on the production of colony-stimulating
      activity in C3H/HeJ mouse long-term bone marrow cultures.
AB  - Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in
      murine long-term bone marrow culture system was investigated. Bone marrow culture
      cells of LPS-nonresponsive C3H/HeJ mice responded to LPS in terms of CSA
      production as efficiently as bone marrow culture cells of LPS-responsive C3H/slc
      mice. On the other hand, both peritoneal macrophages and bone marrow macrophages
      from C3H/HeJ mice did not produce CSA in vitro after treatment with LPS. Percoll
      density gradient separation of adherent layer cells in bone marrow cultures
      showed that two cell populations were present. One population was nonspecific
      esterase positive, productive of high CSA to LPS stimulation and light density
      cells, the other population was nonspecific esterase negative, productive of low
      CSA to LPS stimulation and high density cells, and CSA production stimulated by
      LPS in C3H/HeJ mice bone marrow culture cells was mainly attributed to the latter
      population of cells. These results suggest that CSA production stimulated by LPS
      in C3H/HeJ mice is regulated by different cell populations, respectively in vivo
      and in vitro.

PMID- 3877852
TI  - Rearrangements of the short arm of chromosome No. 6 in T-cell lymphomas.
AB  - Cytogenetic studies on four patients with T-cell lymphomas are reported. In all
      four the short arm of chromosome No. 6 (6p) was abnormal. In three cases it was
      involved in a translocation, and in one there was a deletion of the terminal
      part: del(6)(p23-24). One of the translocations could be identified as a
      t(2:6)(q24;p24). Identification was not possible in the others. These 6p
      anomalies were associated with complex structural and numerical abnormalities of
      other chromosomes in three out of four cases. In three patients chemo- and/or
      radiotherapy administration preceded cytogenetic investigations.

PMID- 3877853
TI  - Lymphocytotoxic T lymphocytes in a patient with B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia
      and pure red cell aplasia.
AB  - The peripheral blood T cells of a hypertransfused patient with B-chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia and pure red cell aplasic were found to exhibit unusual
      spontaneous cytotoxic activity in vitro. The patient's E-rosette positive cells
      were cytotoxic for K562 (cultured human erythroleukemia cells) and allogeneic B
      and T lymphocytes freshly isolated from the peripheral blood of normal and CLL
      donors. They failed to kill autologous B cells, erythroid progenitors present in
      allogeneic bone marrow, and a number of cultured human tumor cells (Malme, CAKI)
      even after prolonged (36 h) co-culture. Peripheral blood T cells isolated from
      normal controls, other CLL patients, and hypertransfused individuals (n = 13) did
      not exhibit spontaneous lymphocytotoxic activity. Circulating cytotoxic T cells
      having the ability to kill freshly isolated allogeneic lymphocytes have,
      heretofore, not been reported in humans. Our findings suggest that among this
      patient's peripheral blood T cells, there exists a subpopulation of
      lymphocytotoxic cells that closely resemble cytotoxic T cells generated in vitro
      after priming with allogeneic target cells. Although the lymphocytotoxic cells
      could have been induced in this patient by previous HLA-mismatched transfusions,
      it is possible they may have arisen spontaneously and underly the patient's
      erythroblastopenic state.

PMID- 3877854
TI  - Dual-channel electrical stimulators for use by children with diplegic spastic
      cerebral palsy.

PMID- 3877855
TI  - Stimulation of dopamine D-1 receptors by SKF 38393 induces EEG desynchronization
      and behavioral arousal.
AB  - The dopamine D-1 receptor agonist SKF 38393 dose-dependently (2.5-10 mg/kg)
      induced desynchronization of the electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and
      behavioral arousal in both rabbits and rats. Unlike apomorphine, SKF 38393
      elicited no signs of stereotyped behavior in rabbits and minimal effects, such as
      episodes of grooming, in rats. The effects of SKF 38393 10 mg/kg on the EEG were
      prevented by the selective D-1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 at a dose as low as
      0.003 mg/kg, but not by the D-2 antagonist (-)-sulpiride (25-50 mg/kg). These
      data provide evidence of a role of D-1 receptors in the generation of EEG
      activity related to behavioral arousal. In addition, this model is a valuable
      tool to functionally evaluate the D-1 antagonistic properties of neuroleptics.

PMID- 3877856
TI  - Glycyl-leucine dipeptidase activity in normal and leukaemic B and T lymphocytes.

PMID- 3877857
TI  - Life cycle of P. carinii in the lung of immuno-compromised hosts: an
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - We describe the ultrastructural features of interstitial pneumonia and life cycle
      of P. carinii in the lung of immuno-compromised hosts. The hyperplasia and edema
      of alveolar lining cells appear to be largely responsible for the extensive
      desquamative alveolitis which characterizes the histopathologic features of P.
      carinii in the lung of immuno-compromised hosts. The ultrastructural data
      concerning the ameboid trophozoite, particularly the presence of lobopodies and
      the reduplication by binary fission, associated with cyst forming capacity,
      suggest that P. carinii can be reasonably placed within the Protozoa.

PMID- 3877858
TI  - Relationship between beta-lactamase activity and resistance to beta-lactam
      antibiotics in Mycobacterium smegmatis.
AB  - Penicillin-susceptible mutants and beta-lactamase-negative mutants were isolated
      from Mycobacterium smegmatis after nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. Both the mutants
      were found to be susceptible to low levels of penicillin and cephalosporins by
      twofold dilution testing. Clavulanic acid reduced the minimal inhibitory
      concentrations of beta-lactamase-labile beta-lactams for the penicillin
      susceptible mutants and the parent strain, but had no effect on the
      susceptibility of the beta-lactamase-negative mutants. Comparison of the beta
      lactamase activities found in these mutants and the parent strain indicated that
      there was a rough correlation between the beta-lactamase level in these organisms
      and their susceptibility to beta-lactams.

PMID- 3877859
TI  - Yersinia enterocolitica infection in children.
AB  - The role of Yersinia enterocolitica as a human pathogen has been documented in
      publications from over 30 countries, and Y. enterocolitica has been recognized
      increasingly to cause gastrointestinal disease in children. In 1979, an
      Australian survey yielded only three isolates of Y. enterocolitica from 3298
      faecal specimens obtained from adults. We screened all stool specimens received
      during a 22-month period for Yersinia by means of a recently developed selective
      agar medium. Y. enterocolitica was isolated from 32 of 4136 (0.7%) specimens.
      Most isolates were of serotype O:3, biotype 4. During the study, 154 Salmonella
      spp. (3.7%), 196 Campylobacter spp. (47%), seven Shigella spp. (0.2%) and 27
      Aeromonas spp. (0.9% of 2779) were recovered. Children infected with Y.
      enterocolitica presented with acute diarrhoea associated with fever and
      pharyngitis; chronic or recurrent diarrhoea; or pain in the right iliac fossa
      associated with mesenteric adenitis. Gastrointestinal symptoms usually resolved
      spontaneously within two weeks. However, some children were treated successfully
      with cotrimoxazole.

PMID- 3877860
TI  - Mechanism of recovery from acute virus infection. II. Effect of treatment of mice
      with cyclosporin A on their ability to eliminate the lymphocytic choriomeningitis
      virus.
AB  - Illness and death of mice infected by intracerebral inoculation with lymphocytic
      choriomeningitis virus are pathologic immune phenomena, and mice thus infected
      were protected when immunosuppressed with cyclosporin A (CSA), although the virus
      multiplied extensively in all major organs. Concentrations remained high as long
      as the drug was administered but declined when the treatment was discontinued;
      also, cytotoxic T lymphocytes appeared. Virus elimination was slower and
      cytotoxic T cell activity lower than in mice not previously treated with CSA.

PMID- 3877861
TI  - Antibody assay of rabbit sera for outer membrane vesicles of Haemophilus
      influenzae by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to the detection of IgG and
      IgM antibodies against outer membrane vesicles (OMV) antigen of Haemophilus
      influenzae type b. In this ELISA system, IgG antibody titers were about 40 fold
      higher than those in indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA). The IgG antibody
      titers by this ELISA of rabbit sera obtained after immunization were comparable
      with those by radioimmunoassay (RIA) of the same sera. A significant correlation
      was established between these two assays (r = 0.973, P less than 0.001).

PMID- 3877862
TI  - Treatment of hemodialysis bone disease with 24,25-(OH)2D3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 alone
      or in combination.
AB  - We studied the effects of vitamin D metabolites in 29 patients established on
      chronic hemodialysis. The patients were divided into four groups; one was treated
      with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] 0.5 microgram/day, one with 24R,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25-(OH)2D3] 10 micrograms/day, and one with both
      metabolites. The control group was not given vitamin D. Plasma levels of both
      metabolites were low before treatment. 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels became normal, and
      24,25-(OH)2D3 increased to supranormal levels after administration of the
      corresponding metabolite. Combined treatment produced still higher plasma levels
      of 24,25-(OH)2D3, suggesting an interaction between the two metabolites. Patients
      receiving 1,25-(OH)2D3 alone had a greater increase in plasma calcium than those
      receiving both metabolites. In control patients, hyperparathyroid bone disease
      worsened over the 10-month observation period. 1,25-(OH)2D3 improved
      hyperparathyroid bone disease in most patients, as reflected by a reduction in
      osteoclast and osteoblast numbers, but had no demonstrable effect on mild
      osteomalacia. 24,25-(OH)2D3 had no significant effect on plasma biochemistry or
      bone histology, and the effect of combined treatment on histology was similar to
      that of 1,25-(OH)2D3 alone. Stainable bone aluminum increased slightly in
      patients given 1,25-(OH)2D3, but aluminum did not affect the response to
      treatment. We conclude that 1,25-(OH)2D3 is a useful agent in the treatment of
      renal bone disease, but no therapeutic role is apparent for 24,25-(OH)2D3.

PMID- 3877863
TI  - [Preliminary evaluation of the effect of total complement (CH50) on blood and
      duodenal juice in children with malabsorption syndrome].

PMID- 3877864
TI  - [Nephropathic cystinosis. Description of a clinical case].

PMID- 3877865
TI  - Decreased natural killer-type activity of spleen cells against immature
      thymocytes in autoimmune strains of mice.
AB  - Recently we have reported that normal natural killer (NK)-enriched murine spleen
      cells have the capacity to lyse immature thymocytes of syngeneic or allogeneic
      origin. The studies presented in this paper show a different pattern of NK-type
      cytolysis and thymocyte sensitivity in mice which later in life develop
      autoimmune disease. Such mice appeared to have reduced effector NK capacity and
      thymocytes from these mice seemed to have reduced sensitivity as targets. This
      may allow presence and persistence of autoreactive T cell subpopulations which
      would normally be eliminated.

PMID- 3877866
TI  - Natural killer-type lysis of thymocytes from young mice by normal spleen cells in
      vitro.
AB  - Normal spleen cells from 6- to 10-week-old mice, enriched for natural killer (NK)
      cells on a discontinuous polyvinylpyrrolidone-silica (Percoll) gradient, lyse
      thymocytes of young mice (less than or equal to 19 days old) in a short-term 51Cr
      release assay. The highest NK-type activity was found in band 3 (density less
      than or equal to 1.077 g/ml) of a four-step gradient. In some experiments band 2
      (density less than or equal to 1.070 g/ml) also showed NK activity. Activity was
      not unequivocably detectable in cells before separation or in bands 1 and 4.
      These results also show that the thymocyte sensitivity is dependent on the age of
      the target cell. Sensitivity of very young thymocytes (less than or equal to 7
      days old) was higher than that of thymus cells from 8- to 19-day-old donors.
      Moreover, it seemed that syngeneic target thymocytes were lysed more effectively
      than allogeneic. Thus, an NK-type cell population may have the ability to lyse
      immature thymic target cells at an early stage of their differentiation. This
      could be of importance as a physiological mechanism for controlling the T cell
      repertoire and its reactivity.

PMID- 3877867
TI  - Cardiac anesthesia: three decades. Twenty-second Bernard H. Eliasberg Memorial
      Symposium. December 3, 1983, New York.

PMID- 3877868
TI  - Intraoperative diagnosis of myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 3877869
TI  - Monitoring the left ventricle: volume versus pressure.

PMID- 3877870
TI  - Right ventricular function in the perioperative period.

PMID- 3877871
TI  - Tetralogy of Fallot: historical lessons.

PMID- 3877872
TI  - The role of some noncardiac factors in determining hemodynamic alterations during
      cardiac surgery.

PMID- 3877873
TI  - The etiology of primary spontaneous pneumothorax.

PMID- 3877874
TI  - Anti-IgA antibodies in pregnancy.
AB  - A survey of 28,000 pregnant women revealed an incidence of IgA deficiency (serum
      IgA less than 1 mg per deciliter) of 1 in 450, which is identical to that in a
      normal blood-donor population of both sexes. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay (ELISA) in a study of 61 serum samples from IgA-deficient pregnant women,
      we observed antibodies to IgA2 alone in 20 per cent, as compared with 7.5 per
      cent of pregnant women not deficient in IgA and no IgA-deficient blood donors.
      Antibodies reacting with IgA1 alone were present in occasional serum samples (2
      to 7 per cent) from all groups studied, and class-specific anti-IgA antibodies
      were present in 17 per cent of IgA-deficient blood donors and in 16 per cent of
      IgA-deficient pregnant women. Blocking experiments showed that some serum samples
      contained an antibody that reacted with both IgA1 and IgA2, whereas others
      contained two antibodies, one reacting with IgA1 and the other with IgA2. The
      anti-IgA2 antibodies tended to diminish in titer after delivery. The ELISA was,
      as expected, more sensitive than the hemagglutination assay. The offspring of IgA
      deficient mothers (but not of IgA-deficient fathers) had levels of serum IgA
      below the normal mean (21 of 27); 12 had levels more than 1 S.D., and seven had
      levels more than 2 S.D., below the normal mean. Of the seven infants with serum
      IgA levels more than 2 S.D. below the normal age-related mean, five had mothers
      with anti-IgA antibodies during gestation. It is possible that maternal anti-IgA
      exerts a transplacental effect on the fetal immune system, causing IgA deficiency
      in some instances.

PMID- 3877875
TI  - Retroviral gag and DNA endonuclease coding sequences in IgE-binding factor gene.
AB  - Immunoglobulin-binding factors are known to regulate the synthesis of B-cell
      derived immunoglobulin heavy-chain isotypes. Cloning and nucleotide sequence
      determination of complementary DNA encoding rodent IgE-binding factors (IgE-BF)
      revealed that messenger RNA encodes a glycoprotein of 557 amino acids which is
      expressed as a precursor of relative molecular mass (Mr) 60,000 (60K) in COS7
      monkey cells. We report here that the 3' two-thirds of the IgE-BF coding sequence
      shows a surprising homology (72%) at the DNA level with coding sequences of the
      gag and pol (DNA endonuclease) genes of the Syrian hamster intracisternal A
      particle (IAP H18), an endogenous retrovirus. This marked homology demonstrates
      that the rodent gene encoding IgE-BF is a hybrid gene which evolved very recently
      by integrating genes of viral origin, and that the encoded polypeptide comprises
      three separate domains: an IgE-BF domain and retrovirus-derived gag and DNA
      endonuclease-like domains. This may represent the first report of a cellular gene
      containing a virus-derived coding sequence.

PMID- 3877876
TI  - A major retroviral core protein related to EPA and TIMP.

PMID- 3877878
TI  - Bromocriptine potentiates the behavioural effects of directly and indirectly
      acting dopamine receptor agonists in mice.
AB  - After an initial period of depression which lasted up to 90 min following
      injection, bromocriptine (BRC, 5-20 mg/kg, IP) produced dose-dependent and long
      lasting (7 h) locomotor stimulation in mice. The locomotor stimulation was
      antagonised by reserpine, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT) or haloperidol. The
      blockade by AMPT of BRC's locomotor stimulant effect was reversed by prior
      treatment of the mice with a low, behaviourally inactive dose of L-Dopa plus
      benserazide. In mice pretreated with reserpine, BRC enhanced the stimulant action
      of d-amphetamine. Moreover, in mice pretreated with reserpine plus AMPT, BRC
      significantly enhanced the locomotor stimulant effect of apomorphine. This
      ability of BRC to enhance the effect of apomorphine commenced as soon as 20 min
      after BRC administration and lasted for at least 8 h. The dopamine (DA) uptake
      inhibitor and DA receptor agonist nomifensine potentiated and prolonged the
      stimulant effect of BRC while inhibitors of the neuronal uptake of noradrenaline
      (desipramine) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (fluoxetine) were without marked effect.
      The results clearly show that BRC, in behavioural terms, has no efficacy per se
      at the postsynaptic DA receptor and that it requires either DA or the
      administration of an exogenous agonist such as apomorphine for the expression of
      its effects.

PMID- 3877879
TI  - Purpura fulminans associated with Haemophilus influenzae type B infection.

PMID- 3877877
TI  - Electrophysiological and neurochemical correlates of the neurotoxic effects of 1
      methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on central catecholamine
      neurons in the mouse.
AB  - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is an agent which produces a
      parkinsonian syndrome in man. To explore the use of MPTP in a rodent model of
      parkinsonism, male albino mice (NMRI) were given MPTP (50 mg/kg, s.c.) twice with
      a 6-8 h interval. Up to 10 weeks after injection, mice were killed and high
      pressure liquid chromatography was used to assay dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline
      (NA) concentrations in various regions of the CNS. At 4 and 10 weeks after
      injection, DA levels were significantly reduced in occipital cortex (-40%),
      hippocampus (-30%), and striatum (-60%). NA levels were reduced by 60-80% in
      frontal and occipital cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Neither DA nor NA
      concentration was reduced in spinal cord. Dopaminergic denervation was also
      suggested by electrophysiological data which showed that treatment with MPTP
      increased the spontaneous discharge rate of caudate neurons and decreased the
      potency of locally administered phencyclidine, an indirect DA agonist. However,
      denervation was evidently not complete enough to produce postsynaptic receptor
      supersensitivity, as MPTP treatment did not increase the potency of locally
      applied DA, and it did not increase 3H-spiperone binding in striatal membrane
      preparations. These results suggest that MPTP causes regionally selective and
      long-term reductions of catecholamine transmission in the CNS of the mouse.

PMID- 3877880
TI  - [Ejaculation in men with spinal cord injuries].

PMID- 3877881
TI  - Rapidly progressive renal deterioration in partially nephrectomized rats with
      experimental membranous nephropathy.
AB  - The effects of nephron loss on the clinical and histological picture of
      experimental membranous nephropathy were examined for 18 weeks in five-sixths
      nephrectomized rats with Heymann nephritis (HN-5/6N group). Heymann nephritis
      induced rats without nephrectomy (HN group), normal rats with 5/6 nephrectomy
      (5/6N group) and normal rats without nephrectomy (control group) were also
      examined for comparison. A rapidly progressive increase in urinary protein, BUN
      and serum creatinine was observed after renal ablation in the HN-5/6N group.
      Light microscopic study revealed global or segmental sclerosis in most of the
      glomeruli, crescent formation in some of the glomeruli and marked
      tubulointerstitial changes. Electron microscopic study demonstrated vacuolation
      and necrosis of podocytes, detachment of podocytes from the glomerular basement
      membrane (GBM) and fibrin exudation into Bowman's space. Proteinuria was also
      marked but renal function was not impaired in the HN group. In the 5/6N group,
      proteinuria was mild and elevation in BUN and serum creatinine was apparent but
      not progressive. There were no differences in the depositions of IgG, C3 and
      electron-dense materials on GBM between the HN-5/6N group and the HN group. In
      conclusion, renal mass reduction associated with high flow and pressure to the
      remnant glomeruli could lead to extensive glomerular sclerosis and to a
      deterioration in renal function, in the case of pre-existing nephritic lesions.

PMID- 3877882
TI  - Topographic localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the rat brain: an
      immunohistochemical analysis.
AB  - The distribution of immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide in the rat
      brain was investigated by means of an indirect immunofluorescence method. In
      addition to previously reported calcitonin gene-related peptide-like
      immunoreactive structure-containing sites such as the nucleus ambiguus, nucleus
      originis nervi facialis, nucleus originis nervi hypoglossi, nucleus
      peripeduncularis and nucleus parabrachialis, the present study demonstrated a far
      wider distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactive
      structure-containing cells in the rat brain, i.e. the nucleus hypothalamicus
      lateralis, nucleus ventromedialis thalami, colliculus superior, lemniscus
      lateralis, gyrus dentatus, nucleus olivaris superior, nucleus tractus solitarii,
      nucleus cuneiformis, nucleus parabigeminalis and a proportion of the Purkinje
      cells. We have also demonstrated a more extensive network of calcitonin gene
      related peptide-like immunoreactive fibers distributed in various areas
      throughout the rat brain than has been reported previously such as the colliculus
      inferior, nucleus olivaris superior, nucleus vestibularis lateralis and
      inferioris, and nucleus cochlearis dorsalis and ventralis, etc.

PMID- 3877883
TI  - Comparison of glucose metabolism, x-ray CT, and postmortem data in a patient with
      multiple cerebral infarcts.
AB  - We studied a 69-year-old man with multiple brain infarcts who died 8 days after
      being studied with positron emission tomography and (F-18)-fluorodeoxyglucose.
      Metabolic abnormalities were greater than structural changes in size and extent.
      They were found in areas with no gross pathologic abnormalities. Remote metabolic
      effects were attributed both to degeneration of fiber tracts with disconnection
      of remote structures, as demonstrated by hypometabolism in the left frontal
      cortex associated with an infarct in the genu of the left internal capsule, and
      to microscopic infarcts not apparent on gross examination but manifested as
      hypometabolic regions.

PMID- 3877884
TI  - [Somatosensory evoked potentials in pain studies].

PMID- 3877885
TI  - [Clinical, hematological and immunological considerations in a group of patients
      splenectomized due to a traumatic event].

PMID- 3877886
TI  - [Incidence of perioperative stroke during peripheral revascularization or
      aortocoronary bypass in patients with carotid bruit and stenosis].

PMID- 3877887
TI  - [Use of vasopressin in the treatment of acute hemorrhagic lesions of the stomach.
      Our experience].
AB  - Since bleeding from acute lesions of the gastric mucosa can cease spontaneously
      and the mortality rate of emergency surgery is high, conservative treatment is
      always preferable. Satisfactory results were obtained with continuous infusions
      of vasopressin in low doses (0.2 U/kg/hr for 8 hours) so that this treatment
      appears a valid alternative to more recent techniques (somatostatin).

PMID- 3877888
TI  - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium-induced inhibition of nicotinamide adenosine
      dinucleotide cytochrome c reductase.
AB  - The effect of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+), the main toxic metabolite of 1
      methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a parkinsonism-causing
      neurotoxin, upon the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)
      cytochrome c reductase (EC 1.6.99.3) and upon that of glutathione reductase (EC
      1.6.4.2) was monitored spectrophotometrically. For the cytochrome c reductase,
      the increase in absorbance of reduced cytochrome c was measured at 550 nm; for
      evaluating glutathione reductase, the absorbance of nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) was followed at 340 nm. MPP+ but not MPTP
      reversibly inhibited NADH cytochrome c reductase, but not glutathione reductase.
      This may be a direct mechanism of cell toxicity by this neurotoxin.

PMID- 3877889
TI  - A 99Tcm-labelled radiotracer for the investigation of cerebral vascular disease.
AB  - The first clinical data is given on 99Tcm-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HM-PAO)
      in normal subjects and patients with established stroke. Regional cerebral blood
      flow maps (rCBF) have been recorded and displayed in tomographic mode with this
      new radiopharmaceutical. Good images were obtained, comparable to those achieved
      with 123I-isopropylamphetamine (IMP).

PMID- 3877890
TI  - Cerebral uptake and retention of 99Tcm-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99Tcm-HM
      PAO).
AB  - A new radiopharmaceutical, 99Tcm-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99Tcm-HM-PAO) is
      described. This agent displays considerable promise for imaging cerebral blood
      flow. In studies in rats and one human volunteer, 99Tcm-HM-PAO demonstrates good
      brain uptake, prolonged retention of activity in the brain, and slow regional
      redistribution. These properties suggest that this new radiopharmaceutical is
      ideal for single photon emission tomographic (SPECT) imaging of cerebral blood
      flow.

PMID- 3877891
TI  - Kinetics of 13N-ammonia incorporation in human tumours.
AB  - After intravenous injection of 13N-labelled ammonia time-activity curves were
      obtained in a series of malignant neoplasms in man from serial cross-sectional
      scans through the tumour, using positron emission tomography. Low noise images
      with virtually no artefacts were obtained using a maximum likelihood
      reconstruction technique. Tracer concentration was expressed as a fraction of the
      injected dose ml-1 of tumour tissue. In a first group (eight observations)
      maximum activity [0.9 to 5.2 (mean: 3.3) X 10(-5) of administered dose ml-1 of
      tumour tissue] was attained approximately 1 to 3 min post injection. This peak
      was followed by a clearance phase with a half-time varying between 28.3 and 112
      (mean: 73.1) min. In a second group (of six cases) after an initial rapid rise of
      the activity, no clearance was detectable during the time of observation, tracer
      concentration remaining in plateau or even continuing to rise slightly. Maximum
      activity in this group ranged from 1.1 to 5.3 (mean: 2.6) X 10(-5) of the
      administered dose ml-1 of tissue. So far no relation has been established between
      the height and/or shape of the 13NH3 time-activity curve and a particular tumour
      type.

PMID- 3877892
TI  - Development of a 99Tcm-labelled radiopharmaceutical for cerebral blood flow
      imaging.
AB  - A new radiopharmaceutical, 99Tcm-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99Tcm-HM-PAO)
      has shown considerable promise for single photon emission tomographic (SPECT)
      imaging of the brain. In animal biodistribution studies this complex demonstrates
      good brain uptake with prolonged retention of activity in brain. Further
      improvement of these properties, resulting in higher brain uptake with very slow
      washout and fixed regional distribution has been achieved following the isolation
      of the d,1-diastereoisomer of HM-PAO.

PMID- 3877893
TI  - European Nuclear Medicine Congress 1985. London, 3-6 September 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 3877894
TI  - Ergonovine-induced coronary artery spasm and myocardial infarction after normal
      delivery.
AB  - Reported is the first known case of postpartum myocardial infarction probably
      induced by ergonovine maleate, a drug known to provoke coronary artery spasm in
      susceptible patients.

PMID- 3877895
TI  - [Lens dislocation into the vitreous body after intravitreal administration of
      chymotrypsin in hemophthalmos].

PMID- 3877896
TI  - Record form for eye examination under anesthesia.
AB  - We designed a record sheet for eye examination under anesthesia, which is often
      required in children or babies with suspected ocular pathology and in adults with
      severe mental retardation. The form is both complete and concise, allows for
      schematic illustrations, and has proven very helpful in more than 200
      examinations performed over the past year.

PMID- 3877897
TI  - The association between pinguecula, sunlight and cataract.
AB  - The pathology and epidemiology of pinguecula suggest that it is due to exposure
      to sunlight. There is some epidemiological and laboratory evidence that sunlight
      is an etiological factor in cataract so that it would be expected that the two
      conditions--pinguecula and cataract--would occur together more frequently than by
      chance. In a series of patients requiring cataract extraction pinguecula did not
      occur more frequently than in sex- and and aged-matched controls. Although there
      was a correlation between an outdoor working environment and the incidence of
      pinguecula there was no such correlation with cataract. It is concluded that
      direct exposure of the eye to sunlight did not seem to be a factor in the
      development of age-related cataract in this population.

PMID- 3877899
TI  - Diprivan (ICI 35868, 2, 6, di-isoprophylphenol), a new intravenous anesthetic.
AB  - Diprivan is a new anesthetic agent that is being tested in the United States
      after preliminary trials in Europe. Characteristic features include rapid
      induction and recovery, with cardiovascular and respiratory changes that are
      insignificant at the recommended dose. Lack of excitatory and emetic
      complications, along with absence of any toxic effects to date, have contributed
      to its consideration as an auspicious new agent.

PMID- 3877898
TI  - Absence of hepatic molybdenum cofactor. An inborn error of metabolism associated
      with lens dislocation.
AB  - There are many causes of lens dislocation in man. Amongst these are two inborn
      errors of sulfur amino acid metabolism, viz., homocystinuria and sulfite oxidase
      deficiency. To date nine patients have been found in whom a combined deficiency
      of sulfite oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase was observed. This inherited
      disease is due to a defective synthesis of molybdenum cofactor, an essential
      component for the assembly of both enzymes. The main clinical symptoms of these
      patients were: facial dysmorphic features, severe feeding difficulties, mental
      retardation, abnormal muscle tone, severe seizures and myoclonia. Four out of
      nine patients had dislocated eye lenses. The main biochemical findings included
      hypouricemia, xanthinuria, an increased excretion of sulfite, thiosulfate, S
      sulfocysteine, taurine and a decreased excretion of inorganic sulfate. The
      prognosis of the disease is poor; various attempts at treatment were not
      successful so far. Prenatal diagnosis by assay of sulfite oxidase in cultured
      amniotic fluid cells and by direct measurement of amniotic fluid S-sulfocysteine
      is possible.

PMID- 3877900
TI  - Extrasegmental transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and mechanical
      vibratory stimulation as compared to placebo for the relief of acute oro-facial
      pain.
AB  - The present paper describes the pain reducing effect of high and low frequency
      transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and 100 Hz mechanical
      vibratory stimulation as compared to placebo stimulation of the HoKu point in 50
      patients suffering acute oro-facial pain. Ten of the 30 patients receiving actual
      stimulation reported pain reduction during treatment. In the placebo group of 20
      patients, 4 of the subjects experienced pain relief during the trial. The
      findings in the present study showed that extrasegmental superficial stimulation
      of the HoKu point alters pain intensity in the patients studied to only a minor
      degree. The number of patients reporting pain alleviation and the magnitude of
      pain reduction in the groups receiving actual stimulation was comparable to that
      observed in earlier studies using intrasegmental placebo stimulation.

PMID- 3877901
TI  - Cell mediated immunity to liver fluke antigens during experimental Fasciola
      hepatica infection of cattle.
AB  - Cell mediated immunity (CMI) to Fasciola hepatica antigens was detected by
      lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production tests in cattle
      during the first 4 weeks following liver fluke infection. From the fifth week of
      infection onwards peripheral blood lymphocytes were unresponsive to fluke
      antigens by these in vitro tests. Investigations into the cause of this
      unresponsiveness found no evidence to suggest a selective loss of the IL-2
      producing lymphocyte sub-population or that macrophages were responsible for the
      suppression or that antigen responsive cells were being sequestered in the spleen
      and mesenteric lymph nodes. Tests carried out on culture supernatants
      demonstrated the production during this unresponsive period of factors capable of
      suppressing in vitro responses to PHA. Although further tests failed to show
      antigen specific suppressor factors the presence of MHC restricted suppressor
      factors could not be ruled out. The early and transient appearance of CMI during
      F. hepatica infection of cattle indicates that delayed type hypersensitivity is
      unlikely to be important in protective immunity in cattle.

PMID- 3877902
TI  - A limiting dilution assay for quantifying Leishmania major in tissues of infected
      mice.
AB  - A limiting dilution assay for the quantification of Leishmania major in infected
      mouse tissue was developed. The assay was found to be both sensitive and
      reliable, and, due to its design, could be scored either visually or following
      the incorporation of 3H-thymidine by the growing parasites. Results are presented
      in which the assay was employed to enumerate L. major in the tissues of
      susceptible (BALB/c) and resistant (CBA) mice at intervals after infection with
      L. major. It was found that parasites could be detected at the site of injection
      with L. major as early as 3 days after infection. By day 8, a substantial
      increase in the number of parasites at the lesion site had occurred in both
      strains of mice. Subsequently, whereas the number of parasites decreased in the
      lesions of CBA mice, their number steadily increased in the lesions of BALB/c
      mice. Parasites were detected in lymph nodes draining the lesion site in both
      BALB/c and CBA mice by 28 days after infection. Interestingly, a low number of L.
      major was found in the lymph nodes of CBA mice at 100 days after infection, a
      time when no parasites could be detected at the lesion site. Previous results
      from this laboratory have demonstrated that the adoptive transfer of L. major
      specific L3T4-positive T-cell populations exacerbated cutaneous lesions induced
      by L. major in BALB/c mice. Experiments presented here indicate that the adoptive
      transfer of L. major-specific T-cells also exacerbated cutaneous leishmaniasis in
      CBA mice. Using the sensitive limiting dilution assay presently described, it was
      found that this unexpected exacerbative effect of L. major-specific T-cells on
      lesion development was accompanied by a substantial increase in the number of
      parasites in the lesions of the adoptively transferred mice.

PMID- 3877903
TI  - A case of histiocytosis X-central type. Histological, immunohistochemical and
      electronmicroscopical analysis.
AB  - We report a case of Histiocytosis X (HX) associated with a high bone marrow and
      peripheral blood monocytosis in a 70 yr-old man. The histiocytic clusters in the
      skin showed the characteristics of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC): positivity
      for OKT6, OKIa1, ATP-ase and presence of Birbeck granules. Histiocytes in all
      other locations showed positivity for OKM1, OKIa1, acid P-ase and absence of
      Birbeck granules. The circulating monocytes were also negative for OKT6 and ATP
      ase and lacked Birbeck granules. From these data we assume that the proliferation
      of monocytes in the bone marrow was the primary event, resulting in the release
      of large numbers of circulating monocytes and histiocytic proliferation in
      various tissues. These histiocytes acquired differing characteristics according
      to the microenvironment in which they underwent their final maturation. In the
      skin they differentiated into cells presenting the morphological, enzyme-and
      immunohistochemical characteristics of LC.

PMID- 3877904
TI  - [Effect of auricular electrostimulation on the production of myelopeptides and
      early responses of the cellular populations of the blood system in immobilization
      stress].

PMID- 3877905
TI  - [Bioelectrical reactions of neurons of the central gray substance of the brain in
      response to electroacupuncture].

PMID- 3877906
TI  - [Characteristics of bioelectric reactions of neurons of specific and nonspecific
      nuclei of the thalamus to electroacupuncture].

PMID- 3877907
TI  - The effects of air pollution on the respiratory health of children: a cross
      sectional study.
AB  - To investigate the effects of air pollution on the respiratory health of
      children, a subject of some controversy, a comparative study was undertaken of
      2,385 school children who lived in central urban, peripheral urban, and suburban
      areas. Daily monitoring of sulphur dioxide and total suspended particle
      concentrations in all areas showed that pollutant concentrations in central and
      peripheral urban areas were above commonly accepted safety levels for respiratory
      health, while concentrations in the suburban area were within acceptable limits.
      A questionnaire administered to each mother assessed environmental exposure to
      pollutants in the household, the occurrence of respiratory symptoms as well as
      lung diseases as diagnosed by a physician, and general information. Children were
      interviewed about smoking habits and any acute respiratory symptoms. Children
      also performed standard lung function tests. Results showed that children from
      both urban areas had lessened pulmonary function and a higher prevalence of
      bronchial secretion with common colds than did those from the suburban area.
      These differences persisted after corrections for exposure to indoor pollutants,
      active or passive smoking, socioeconomic status, and sex. Parental cigarette
      smoking was related to a fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second and an
      increased incidence of acute respiratory illnesses and chronic cough in children.
      Although boys had higher lung volumes and lower air flow, regression analysis
      showed no significant influence of the interactions "sex-geographic area" and
      "sex-smoking" on lung function. It was concluded that air pollution has a
      significant effect on the respiratory health of children.

PMID- 3877908
TI  - Haemophilus influenzae type b: an important pathogen in children and adults.

PMID- 3877909
TI  - [Lesniowski-Crohn disease and hemorrhagic-ulcerative colitis in children in the
      light of diagnostic difficulties].

PMID- 3877910
TI  - Routine quantitative blood cultures in children with Haemophilus influenzae or
      Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia.
AB  - The potential clinical value of quantitative blood cultures determined by a
      commercially available lysis-direct plating method was studied in 50 children
      with either Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia. The
      magnitude of bacteremia correlated with the severity of the infection; patients
      with greater than or equal to 100 colony-forming units per milliliter were
      significantly more likely to have meningitis (P less than .01, chi 2 = 7.5). On
      the other hand, all patients with S. pneumoniae bacteremia with colony counts
      lower than 15 colony-forming units per milliliter had "occult bacteremia" with no
      focus of infection. The data suggest that patients with higher levels of
      bacteremia have more severe disease. Quantitative blood culture results may be
      helpful in identifying which children are at risk for invasive disease.

PMID- 3877911
TI  - T lymphocyte subpopulations in high-risk infants: influence of age and blood
      transfusions.
AB  - Methodology was established to analyze T lymphocytes and T cell subsets with
      monoclonal antibodies on microsamples of blood obtained by heel puncture in
      infants. Results in 39 high-risk infants indicated that during the early neonatal
      period they had a higher percentage of T4-bearing cells and a lower percentage of
      T8 antigen-positive cells as compared with adults. These values progressively
      approached adult values, and at 3 to 7 months the T cell subsets and the T4/T8
      ratios were within the adult range. A significant inverse relationship was noted
      between the number of blood transfusions given to the infants between 2 and 12
      weeks of age and the corresponding T4/T8 ratio. These findings suggest that
      interpretation of T cell subsets in frequently transfused infants should take
      into consideration not only the age of the infant but also the possible influence
      of transfusions per se on the distribution of T cell subsets in the peripheral
      blood.

PMID- 3877912
TI  - [Thymic endocrine function and the marker characteristics of the peripheral blood
      lymphocytes in lymphoproliferative diseases of children].

PMID- 3877913
TI  - RFLP for a human von Willebrand factor (vWF) cDNA clone, pvWF1100.

PMID- 3877914
TI  - Dual-earner families' stress levels and personal and life-style-related
      variables.
AB  - This study investigated personal and life-style-related variables and stress
      levels in dual-earner families in the preschool stage of family development. The
      sample was composed of 92 families receiving child day care through a major day
      care provider in the Upper Midwest. The Family Inventory of Life Events and
      Changes was used to measure the family stress level. The majority of dual-earner
      families in this sample were experiencing a moderate level of family stress based
      on national stress level norms calculated for families in the preschool stage of
      development. Parental age and age of children were statistically related to the
      family stress level. Life-style-related variables statistically significant in
      this study were amount of income and satisfaction with income level, satisfaction
      with child care, and flexibility in vacation scheduling. Parents who could easily
      schedule vacations during the same time period had significantly lower family
      stress levels than parents who had difficulty scheduling vacations together, p
      less than .003. Additionally, parents who reported being forced to take separate
      vacations because of their work schedules had statistically higher scores on
      family stress than parents who had never had to take separate vacations because
      of work schedules, p less than .002.

PMID- 3877915
TI  - Certain nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and hospitalization for upper
      gastrointestinal bleeding.
AB  - In this follow-up study we attempted to estimate the risk of hospitalization for
      upper gastrointestinal bleeding (exclusive of bleeding from duodenal ulcer)
      caused by taking certain nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in people
      below the age of 65 years. The final figures represent our best estimate, taking
      into account all of the available information, and suggest that NSAIDs (excluding
      aspirin) rarely cause gastrointestinal bleeding from the stomach that requires
      hospitalization in this age group. A formal analysis of the data according to
      classic techniques was not feasible since numerous important confounding factors
      could not be controlled. Indeed, the results indicated that such formal analysis
      is unnecessary. The data as they stand are of considerable value in providing a
      reasonable estimate of attributable risk for the drugs studied.

PMID- 3877916
TI  - Calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide alter the excitability of neurons
      in rat forebrain.
AB  - Individual neurons in the hypothalamus, thalamus, cortex, and other forebrain
      areas of urethane-anesthetized, male rats were iontophoretically tested for their
      membrane sensitivity to salmon calcitonin (CT), human CT, and CT gene-related
      peptide (CGRP). Extracellular recording of unit activity revealed that depression
      of neuronal firing was the predominant effect of iontophoretically applied salmon
      CT (35 of 74 cells tested). Few neurons responded to salmon CT with an increase
      in firing rate (N = 3). When CGRP was iontophoretically applied a pattern of
      response resembling that of salmon CT was observed. CGRP was predominantly
      inhibitory and excited those neurons whose firing rate was increased by salmon
      CT. Inhibition was also the predominant effect of human CT. However, no neurons
      were excited by human CT. The results clearly demonstrate that a subpopulation of
      neurons with membrane sensitivity to salmon CT, human CT, and CGRP are present in
      the rat forebrain. This finding suggests that modulation of neuronal activity may
      underlie the behavioral and biochemical effects of these peptides when
      administered centrally. Endogenous CGRP and CT-like peptides in rat brain may be
      capable of regulating these events as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators.

PMID- 3877917
TI  - CRF-evoked bradycardia in urethane-anesthetized rats is blocked by naloxone.
AB  - CRF, injected IV at a dose of 6 nmol/kg, produced a fall in blood pressure and in
      heart rate in urethane-anesthetized rats. The CRF-bradycardia was not obtained in
      hypophysectomized animals, in animals pretreated with dexamethasone, or in
      animals pretreated with the narcotic antagonist, naloxone (1 mg/kg, IV). By
      contrast, the hypotensive effects of CRF were not affected by these procedures.
      Vagotomy or pretreatment with a low dose of N-methylnaloxone did not affect the
      CRF-bradycardia, indicating that the slowing of the heart was not due to
      parasympathetic stimulation or due to a peripherally mediated opioid chemoreflex.
      The results suggested that the CRF-bradycardia was mediated by the release of
      opioid peptides from the pituitary.

PMID- 3877918
TI  - Intravenous alpha-MSH reduces fever in the squirrel monkey.
AB  - alpha-MSH reduces fever in rabbits when administered IV, ICV, or by gavage;
      however, the applicability of this finding to higher species, specifically to
      primates, has not been determined. In this study, we chose the squirrel monkey as
      an appropriate primate model since it responds reliably to peripheral
      administration of bacterial endotoxins that cause fever in man. From pilot
      studies, doses of S. typhosa endotoxin necessary to produce maximum fever and
      doses of alpha-MSH which did not cause hypothermia were determined for each
      animal. In the main experiments endotoxin was given via an indwelling catheter in
      the saphenous vein, followed by alpha-MSH injections when the rectal temperature
      increased 0.3 degrees C. alpha-MSH (100-400 micrograms) reduced the area under
      the fever curve an average of 50.0%, but had no effect on afebrile temperature.
      Molar equivalent amounts of the antipyretic drug acetaminophen had little effect
      on fever. These findings support the idea, based on research on rabbits, that
      alpha-MSH has a role in central modulation of fever.

PMID- 3877919
TI  - Histiocytosis X resembling cherry angiomas.
AB  - Histiocytosis X is a disorder of histiocytes of the Langerhans' cell lineage. As
      the initial feature is often cutaneous, recognition of these skin changes is
      important. Several cutaneous manifestations have been described, most commonly,
      seborrheic dermatitis with a hemorrhagic component. We saw two patients with
      histiocytosis X with cutaneous manifestations resembling cherry angiomas.

PMID- 3877921
TI  - [HLA-A, B, C and DR antigens in exogenous allergic alveolitis--association with
      HLA-DRw6].

PMID- 3877920
TI  - Survey of vitamin D metabolite levels during growth and development in Japanese
      quail.
AB  - Plasma calcium and vitamin D metabolite levels were monitored during growth and
      development in male and female Japanese quail. In male Japanese quail, plasma
      calcium levels were constant (range 9.0 to 10.9 mg/dl); the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin
      D [1,25-(OH)2D] levels remained undetectable in all age groups. Plasma calcium
      levels in the females rose at 6 weeks of age and remained elevated. The female
      1,25-(OH)2D levels increased from undetectable levels at 3 to 5 weeks to a peak
      of 297 pg/ml at 8 weeks and remained elevated at 12 weeks of age in ovulating
      birds. Twelve-week old female without an egg in their oviduct had plasma 1,25
      (OH)2D levels similar to males and immature females. No marked changed occurred
      in plasma 25-(OH)D levels due to sex or age. Plasma 24, 25-(OH)2D levels stayed
      relatively constant at about 2 ng/ml for both male and females at all ages
      studied.

PMID- 3877922
TI  - Cysteine proteinase inhibitors in human placenta.
AB  - When human placental extract was chromatographed on a Sephadex G-75 column,
      cysteine proteinase inhibitors with molecular weights of 80 000 and 12 300 were
      eluted. The high molecular weight peak (CPI-H) was identified as alpha-cysteine
      proteinase inhibitor. The thermostable low molecular weight peak (CPI-L)
      inhibited plant proteinases (papain, ficin and bromelain) as well as cathepsins
      B, H and L isolated from the human placenta. No cross-reactivity was observed
      between placental CPI-L and serum alpha-CPI.

PMID- 3877923
TI  - Need to prevent and control high-normal and high blood pressure, particularly so
      called "mild" hypertension: epidemiological and clinical data.
AB  - The need to prevent and control high blood pressure (HBP), including so-called
      "mild" hypertension [diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 90-104 mm Hg in adults age
      30+] stems from the extensive data on the increased risks due to these common
      blood pressure (BP) levels, including risk of catastrophic cardiovascular events
      (coronary, cerebrovascular, etc.), both nonfatal and fatal. Prospective
      population data from the national cooperative Pooling Project and the Chicago
      Heart Association Detection Project in Industry illustrate the extensively
      documented facts. They also show that only a small minority of middle-aged and
      older Americans have optimal low-normal BP levels, i.e., DBP less than 80 mm Hg
      (SBP less than 120). Thus, the problem of BP above optimal level for health over
      a long life span is a population-wide problem. The data also show that the great
      majority of excess catastrophic events attributable to elevated BP occur among
      people with DBP 90-104 and 80-89 mm Hg, levels very common in the population.
      Most people with such BP levels also have one or more other major risk factors
      (e.g., hypercholesterolemia, cigarette use, ECG abnormalities) and thus are at
      markedly increased risk, both relative and absolute. In addition to these excess
      risks for major illness, disability, and death, people with BP above optimal
      levels are more highly prone to other events, clinical and subclinical, that have
      adverse effects on long-term prognosis, including development of target organ
      damage and severe hypertension. These data lead to the following inferences about
      medical care and public health strategy: (a) A key task is, by safe nutritional
      hygienic means, to shift the entire population distribution of BP downward, for
      both primary and secondary prevention of HBP. Such means include prevention and
      control of obesity, high sodium and alcohol intake, and sedentary habit, from
      early childhood on. (b) People with DBP 80-89 mm Hg need to be identified
      promptly, with institution of nutritional-hygienic measures to prevent
      development of frank hypertension and to correct other risk factors. (c) People
      with DBP 90-104 and higher need to be identified promptly, with institution of
      measures to normalize BP and control other major risk factors, by nutritional
      hygienic means alone whenever possible or in combination with drug treatment for
      HBP when necessary to prevent organ system damage, serious illness, disability,
      and premature death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3877924
TI  - Screening for hypertension: results of the Munich Blood Pressure Program.
AB  - The Munich Blood Pressure Program (MBP) is a community hypertension control
      program for the metropolitan area of Munich. It tries to improve "incidental
      screening" in doctors' offices in the city through continuing education programs
      for physicians and auxiliary personnel and, in addition, emphasizes worksite
      screening to bring high-risk hard-to-reach groups under treatment and control.
      Blood pressure (BP) is measured at the worksite under standardized conditions.
      Those with values greater than or equal to 140 mm Hg systolic BP and/or greater
      than or equal to 90 mm Hg diastolic BP at the first visit have BPs measured again
      within 1-5 days. If their BP values are still elevated, they are referred to
      their family physicians for further assessment. At the same time, they are given
      a postage-paid card on which their doctors are asked to note the BP value
      measured in their offices. This postcard is returned to the MBP for evaluation. A
      computer-based reminder system informs all MBP participants at certain time
      intervals to have their BP checked. The text of the letters and the time interval
      between them depend on the most recent BP and treatment status data available to
      the MBP. In 1983, screenings were performed in seven firms. Participation rates
      of up to 57% were achieved for this entirely voluntary examination (3,948
      participants). Age- and sex-specific prevalence rates (for the pooled data of the
      seven firms) were similar to those of a random sample of the Munich population
      (Munich Blood Pressure Study I). Seventy-four percent of those with elevated BP
      at first visit participated in the remeasurement at a second visit. Only 58% of
      these showed elevated BP values the second time. More than half (n = 101) of
      those second-visit hypertensives (greater than or equal to 160/95 mm Hg; n = 183)
      returned at least one completed postcard. The examining physician confirmed the
      hypertensive BP values in 60 of those cases. Of the 101, 57 were under treatment,
      19 controlled and 38 uncontrolled. The follow-up period considered here lasted
      until May 1984 and varied from 5 to 15 months according to the date of screening
      in the respective firm. Only the first returned card has been evaluated thus far.

PMID- 3877925
TI  - Issues in health education: epidemiology and prevention of hypertension in
      Switzerland.
AB  - Health education issues in high blood pressure concern concepts and actions for
      prevention, early detection, and long-term control. Data from Switzerland
      demonstrate both the need and the potential of such programs. The prevalence of
      hypertension among adults is 11.6%. Roughly only 50% of hypertensives are aware
      of their condition, and health knowledge is low. However, within an 8-year
      period, the frequency of blood pressure measurements in the population doubled:
      71% of adults in Switzerland had had such an examination within the previous 12
      months (1982). In addition, data from a Swiss health survey show avenues for
      future action. Whereas for the general population health information and easy
      access to services ("enabling factors") are important, for hypertensive patients,
      factors such as health knowledge and attitudes and the presence of a supporting
      partner ("predisposing factors") are of additional significance.

PMID- 3877926
TI  - Cardiovascular diseases in Chile.
AB  - In 1938, Chile became the first developing country to establish a state health
      system for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Although prevalence
      of CVD risk factors (smoking, high cholesterol and triglycerides, hypertension,
      and atherosclerosis) is lower than in industrialized countries, over the last 50
      years CVD incidence in Chile has increased considerably. Cardiovascular disease
      is diagnosed in 25% of outpatients in departments of the National Health Service.
      Hypertension is the first cause of morbidity among the adult population (10%).
      Between 1960 and 1980, CVD mortality increased from 14 to comprise 27% of all
      deaths. Age-specific mortality for ischemic heart disease increased during the
      same period from 407 to 699 per 100,000 population. Surveys of the general adult
      population showed a prevalence of hypertension of almost 20%. Community
      hypertension follow-up programs obtained only 50% compliance, and blood pressure
      was normalized in only one-third of hypertensive patients. It is probable that
      the low standard of living may have influenced the poor results of prevention
      programs.

PMID- 3877927
TI  - Correlates of forearm bone mass among women during maximal bone mineralization.
AB  - The distribution and correlates of bone mass among women ages 20-35 were studied.
      During young adulthood, bone mass reaches its maximum level and appears to
      stabilize. Factors that establish the individual's relative position in this
      plateau period may influence the ultimate expression of bone loss with aging. Mid
      distal radial bone mass was measured in a geographically defined population of 86
      women in two rural, demographically similar communities in Iowa. The water
      supplies provided 55 and 375 mg/liter of elemental calcium, generating
      significantly different mean community dietary calcium intakes of 871 and 1,233
      mg/day, respectively. Bone mass was measured by single-beam photon densitometry
      and correlated with data from physical measurements, medical history, and
      reported nutritional intake. In evaluating the joint effect of variables in a
      multiple regression procedure, forearm bone mass was negatively and significantly
      associated with alcohol consumption (P = 0.0327) and with a first pregnancy prior
      to age 20 (P = 0.0250). There was a trend for current calcium intake estimated
      from 24-hr recall to be positively associated with bone mass (P = 0.0816).
      Because the 24-hr recall is characterized by significant error due to daily
      variability of an individual's intakes, a more general calcium intake was
      estimated from food frequency. Women whose estimated intake of calcium from food
      frequency was greater than 800 mg/day, the Recommended Daily Allowance, had
      significantly greater bone mass than women whose intake was estimated to be less
      than 800 mg/day (P = 0.0053). No relationship was observed with oral
      contraceptive use, parity, breastfeeding practices, smoking behavior, or measures
      of physical activity.

PMID- 3877928
TI  - [The immune system: hormones and mediators].
AB  - Hormones and mediators of the immune system influencing the growth,
      differentiation and effector functions of immunocompetent cells, were described.
      Lymphokines and monokines produced by lymphocytes and cells of a monocytic series
      in response to antigenic stimulation, mediate intercellular interrelationships in
      the process of development of immune reactions, thus providing for intersystemic
      regulation. Mediators of the central immunity organs, thymus peptides and bone
      marrow peptides (myelopeptides) influence the formation and normal functioning of
      T and B lymphocytes. Peptides with opiate-like properties were detected among
      bone marrow mediators. The involvement of thymus and bone marrow mediators in
      intersystemic interrelationships is discussed.

PMID- 3877929
TI  - [Lipid peroxidation indices of the blood in children with tuberculosis and drug
      allergy].

PMID- 3877930
TI  - [Side effects of antitubercular preparations and their diagnosis in children by
      Schelley's test].

PMID- 3877931
TI  - Three restriction points in the cell cycle of activated murine B lymphocytes.
AB  - The cell cycle of activated B lymphocytes was found to be controlled by three
      restriction points. The first occurs immediately after mitosis and was found to
      be controlled by the binding of Sepharose-bound, immunoglobulin-specific
      antibodies to surface membrane-bound immunoglobulin. Exposure to this stimulus as
      short as 15 min or as long as 36 hr allowed B cells to move into the G1 phase up
      to the next restriction point. The second restriction point was observed to be
      approximately equal to 4 hr after mitosis, in the G1 phase of the cycle and 3-4
      hr before the B cells entered S phase, and was found to be controlled by alpha
      type B-cell growth factors produced by the P388D1 macrophage line. A third
      restriction point occurs in the G2 phase, 2-4 hr before mitosis, and is
      apparently controlled by beta-type B-cell growth factors that are likely to be
      produced by helper T lymphocytes.

PMID- 3877932
TI  - Bacterial expression of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome retrovirus p24 gag
      protein and its use as a diagnostic reagent.
AB  - A retrovirus [lymphoadenopathy-associated virus, human T-cell leukemia virus type
      III, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related virus] suspected of
      causing AIDS has been isolated recently. The detection of exposure to this
      retrovirus in donors of various blood products is important to prevent
      transmission of the disease from these donors to recipients. In the majority of
      cases, the detection of antibodies directed against either the viral core
      protein, a Mr approximately equal to 24,000 protein termed p24 gag, or the viral
      envelope antigen is proof of previous viral infection. Thus, we have expressed
      the p24 gag antigen in Escherichia coli in order to produce a diagnostic reagent
      for the detection of virus exposure. The bacterially synthesized antigen reacts
      with human and rabbit antisera directed against the native p24 gag protein in
      both electrophoretic transfer blot assay and ELISA. In addition, the use of
      bacterially produced antigens for ELISAs gave results that were comparable to
      those obtained by using antigens isolated from the virus.

PMID- 3877933
TI  - Genes from plasmid pKM101 in Haemophilus influenzae: separation of functions of
      mucA and mucB.
AB  - Haemophilus influenzae, normally not mutable by UV, became UV mutable with a
      recombinant plasmid insertion. A 7.8-kilobase-pair (kbp) fragment of the plasmid
      pKM101 containing the mucA and mucB genes was ligated to the shuttle vector pDM2,
      and a Rec- strain of H. influenzae was transformed with the ligated mixture. All
      of the transformants, unlike the parent Rec- strain, were resistant to UV, could
      carry out postreplication repair and Weigle reactivation, showed greatly
      increased spontaneous mutation, and contained a plasmid carrying an insert of
      only 1.2 rather than 7.8 kbp. This plasmid in a umuC mutant strain of Escherichia
      coli complemented a pKM101 derivative lacking mucA function but with an intact
      mucB gene, although there was no complementation with a mucA+ mucB- plasmid,
      suggesting that the newly constructed plasmid coded for the mucA protein; this is
      in accord with the restriction analysis and hybridization between the plasmid and
      a probe containing all of the mucA gene but only a small fraction of mucB. When
      one of the H. influenzae Rec- transformants lost the plasmid, the resistance to
      UV was retained but the high spontaneous mutation and UV mutability were not. The
      fact that there was hybridization between the chromosome of the "cured" strain
      and a probe containing both muc genes but none when almost no mucB was present
      suggested that at least part of the mucB gene had been integrated into the Rec-
      chromosome. Five different postreplication repair-proficient strains became UV
      mutable and had high spontaneous mutation rates caused by the putative mucA
      plasmid, indicating that these strains already possessed a chromosomal equivalent
      of the mucB gene.

PMID- 3877934
TI  - Ionic currents that generate the spontaneous diastolic depolarization in
      individual cardiac pacemaker cells.
AB  - An enzymatic dispersion procedure has been developed to obtain viable,
      spontaneously active single myocytes from cardiac pacemaker tissue: the bullfrog
      (Rana catesbeiana) sinus venosus. Recordings of time- and voltage-dependent Ca2+
      and K+ currents have been made by using a single suction-microelectrode
      technique. The results show that two time- and voltage-dependent currents
      interact to modulate the slope of the pacemaker potential. These are: (i) the
      decay of a delayed rectifier K+ current and (ii) the activation of a Ca2+
      current. In addition, the data strongly suggest that cardiac pacemaker tissue
      does not have an inwardly rectifying background K+ current.

PMID- 3877935
TI  - The effect of Arg-Gly-Asp-containing peptides on fibrinogen and von Willebrand
      factor binding to platelets.
AB  - The Arg-Gly-Asp sequence resides in the cell attachment region of fibronectin.
      Arg-Gly-Asp-containing peptides support fibroblast attachment, inhibit fibroblast
      adhesion to fibronectin, and inhibit fibronectin binding to thrombin-stimulated
      platelets. In view of the similarities between the binding of fibronectin,
      fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor to stimulated platelets, we have examined
      the effects of Arg-Gly-Asp-containing peptides on the interaction of these latter
      two adhesive proteins with platelets. Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro was used as a
      prototype peptide, and this hexapeptide inhibited fibrinogen binding to ADP and
      thrombin-stimulated platelets in the 10-200 microM range. The inhibition exceeded
      90% at high concentrations of peptide and was observed in the presence of either
      calcium or magnesium. Platelet aggregation was also inhibited by the peptide in
      this dose range. The hexapeptide inhibited fibrinogen binding to platelets with
      receptors fixed in an exposed state, indicating direct interference with the
      ligand-platelet interaction. The peptide was 1/2 to 1/3rd as potent in inhibiting
      fibrinogen as fibronectin binding to platelets, but fibrinogen and von Willebrand
      factor binding were inhibited to an identical extent. Conservative amino acid
      substitutions for the arginine, glycine, or aspartic acid markedly reduced
      inhibitory activity and the Asp-Gly-Arg sequence was inactive. These results
      indicate that Arg-Gly-Asp-containing peptides can inhibit the binding of the
      three adhesive proteins to stimulated platelets, establishing a basic common
      feature between the interaction of these molecules with platelets.

PMID- 3877936
TI  - Enhancement of antibody response by mouse dendritic cells pulsed with tobacco
      mosaic virus or with rabbit antiidiotypic antibodies raised against a private
      rabbit idiotype.
AB  - The role of splenic lymphoid dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages (M phi) from
      mice in induction of immune responses in vivo has been investigated. Varying
      numbers of purified DC and M phi pulsed in vitro with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
      or with rabbit antiidiotypic antibodies (Ab2) directed against a private rabbit
      anti-TMV idiotype were injected back into syngeneic mice. In both systems, DC
      appeared to strongly enhance the primary and secondary responses to the virus.
      Optimal responses were obtained with 5 X 10(4) purified DC carrying TMV or rabbit
      Ab2. In contrast, M phi were less efficient by a factor of at least 100. These
      results show the potency of lymphoid DC as inducing cells in T-dependent antibody
      responses in vivo.

PMID- 3877938
TI  - Behavioral effects of xylamine-induced depletions of brain norepinephrine:
      interaction with LSD.
AB  - Male rats were treated with a combination of systemic fluoxetine and
      intraventricular xylamine (under ether anesthesia) to deplete brain
      norepinephrine (NE) in the projection areas of the locus coeruleus. Four days
      later, control and lesioned rats were tested following injections of either
      saline or 80 micrograms/kg LSD in a Behavioral Pattern Monitor which recorded the
      sequential patterns of their locomotor and investigatory (holepokes) responses.
      Liquid chromatographic measures of brain monoamines confirmed that xylamine
      reduced hippocampal NE by 80.8% and hypothalamic NE by 26% without affecting
      levels of serotonin or dopamine. Relative to controls, NE-depleted rats exhibited
      repetitive spatial patterns of locomotion with no alteration in the amount or
      rate of habituation of locomotor activity. Lesioned animals made fewer rearings
      and holepokes, particularly early in the hour test session. When given 80
      micrograms/kg LSD, sham-lesioned rats exhibited the expected decreases in entries
      into and time spent in the center of the chamber, an increase in time spent in
      the corners, and fewer holepokes and rearings early in the session. With the
      exception of the effect on rearings and holepokes, the effects of LSD were
      diminished in rats depleted of brain NE. These results indicate that this profile
      of behavioral effects of LSD, which has been interpreted as a potentiation of
      neophobia, may be dependent upon the noradrenergic projections of the locus
      coeruleus.

PMID- 3877939
TI  - Combined action of amoxycillin and dicloxacillin against Staphylococcus aureus in
      vitro.
AB  - Combination of amoxycillin (1) and dicloxacillin (2) showed synergistic
      bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against 15 clinical isolates of
      Staphylococcus aureus, including 3 beta-lactamase-producing strains.

PMID- 3877937
TI  - Interleukin 1 can act as a B-cell growth and differentiation factor.
AB  - Splenic B lymphocytes specifically reactive to the hapten fluorescein (FLU) were
      prepared from nonimmune adult mice by affinity fractionation on hapten-gelatin.
      These FLU-specific B cells were cultured as single cells or in small numbers in
      10-microliter wells either in the absence of any feeder, filler, or accessory
      cell or in the presence of 3T3 fibroblasts acting as filler cells. A selected
      batch of a "T-cell-independent" antigen, FLU-Ficoll, which induces growth and
      differentiation only in the presence of lymphokines or cytokines acting as B-cell
      growth and differentiation factors (BGDF), was used as the antigenic stimulus. It
      was found that murine interleukin 1 prepared by recombinant DNA technology was an
      effective, although weak, BGDF when acting with antigen on B cells cultured
      either under filler cell-free conditions or in the presence of 3T3 cells. When
      the murine interleukin 1 was used in combination with recombinant human
      interleukin 2, itself a weak but effective BGDF in the system, an additive effect
      was observed. The results challenge the notion that interleukin 1 is exclusively
      or even primarily an activating cytokine. This system, in which pure factors are
      able to act with specific antigen on single hapten-specific B cells, will prove
      helpful for the further dissection of the respective roles of the various factors
      that can act on B cells.

PMID- 3877940
TI  - Novel thiazolidinones as potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents.
AB  - Various new butyridenyl-2-hydroxybenzylidenyl-1,3-thiazolidinones were
      synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR and PMR spectral data.
      The compounds were evaluated for their ability to afford protection against
      inflammation by carrageenin-induced oedema and cotton pellet implantation in
      albino rats of either sex. The active derivatives of the present series were also
      tested for their analgesic activity against aconitine-induced writhing in albino
      mice and ulcerogenic activity in albino rats. The toxicity of the compounds was
      reflected by determination of their approximate LD50 in albino mice. An attempt
      has also been made to correlate their structure-activity relationship.

PMID- 3877941
TI  - Specificity of medicarpin and related isoflavonoids in inhibition of rat hepatic
      mixed function oxidase activity.
AB  - The cytochromes P-450 of the mixed function oxidase system metabolize a wide
      variety of endogenous compounds to either nontoxic products or toxic metabolites.
      A number of natural products, such as flavonoids, influence this metabolism.
      Exposure to these compounds may therefore be a factor in animal and human
      responsiveness to cytochrome P-450 substrates. We have examined the effect of the
      pterocarpan medicarpin on the cytochrome P-450-dependent aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase (AHH) and ethoxycoumarin deethylase (ECD) activities of rat liver
      microsomes. Medicarpin and maackiain and two of their biosynthetic precursors
      inhibit the constitutive and phenobarbital (PB)-induced types of AHH, but have
      little effect on the 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)-induced type of AHH. This is in
      contrast to the effect of the commonly used cytochrome P-450 inhibitor 7,8
      benzoflavone, which inhibits the hepatic AHH of MC-treated rats and has no
      effects on the AHH of control or PB-treated rats. However, medicarpin inhibited
      the constitutive as well as the PB- and MC-induced ECD. The specific modulatory
      effect as well as its relative availability suggests the utility of medicarpin as
      a probe for different forms of cytochrome P-450 in animal tissues.

PMID- 3877942
TI  - Comparison of data-processing techniques for the improvement of contrast in SPECT
      liver tomograms.
AB  - Techniques for improving image contrast in liver single-photon emission computed
      tomography (SPECT) are discussed. It is shown that by suitable choice of
      reconstruction method combined with subsequent image processing, image contrast
      can be improved without the generation of artefactual mottle. The use of this
      technique is illustrated with clinical data from a rotating gamma camera.

PMID- 3877943
TI  - Interaction of androgens and estrogens in the control of sexual behavior in male
      Japanese quail.
AB  - A series of 4 experiments was performed to study the relative contribution of
      androgens and estrogens in the activation of sexual behavior in castrated male
      quail. The synthetic androgen methyltrienolone (R 1881) which is not metabolized
      in androgen target tissues activated sexual behavior in castrated birds and at
      the dose level of 0.5-1 mg/day/animal had the same potency as testosterone (T).
      However R 1881 was much more active than T in the induction of cloacal gland
      growth and activation of crowing, two typically androgen-dependent responses.
      This suggests that sexual behavior is not controlled by exactly the same
      mechanism as crowing or cloacal gland growth. In another experiment, estradiol
      (E2) alone activated sexual behavior but it is only at very high doses which had
      clear toxic effects that a significant behavioral activation could be observed.
      This questions the role of E2 as the physiological agent stimulating copulation
      in intact birds unless it is assumed that centrally administered E2 would be much
      more active compared to peripheral E2 which is exposed to a very intense
      peripheral catabolism. In the last two experiments, a clear synergism could be
      detected between 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT) and E2 in the
      activation of sexual activity and doses of hormones could be defined which had
      almost no activity by themselves but significantly stimulated sexual behavior
      when given simultaneously. It was however impossible to define a hormonal
      treatment with T metabolites which restored behavior to its precastration level,
      a result very easily achieved with T treatments. Taken together, these data
      suggest that activation of sexual behavior in quail does not depend only on E2,
      nor 5 alpha-DHT nor even on their combined action. Considering that specific T
      receptors which probably do not bind 5 alpha-DHT are present in the brain, it
      would seem justified to reconsider the possible role played by T itself in the
      activation of behavior.

PMID- 3877944
TI  - [Differences in the values of immunoglobulins and alpha 1-antitrypsin and the
      justification for their measurement in chronic obstructive lung diseases].

PMID- 3877945
TI  - [The Kartagener-Young syndrome].

PMID- 3877946
TI  - [Effect of irradiation on the regulatory function of B-lymphocytes].
AB  - A study was made of the effect of irradiation of B-lymphocytes with doses of 0
      464.4 mC/kg on their regulatory function in activating the allogenic haemopoietic
      stem cells of mice. Irradiation changed the function of B-lymphocytes leading to
      transformation of their helper effect into the suppressible one. The parameters
      of the radiation damage to B-lymphocytes-regulators were determined.

PMID- 3877947
TI  - Quantitation of cardiac function by cine-CT.
AB  - The recent introduction of a millisecond CT scanner specifically designed for
      cinematographic real-time imaging of the heart is a significant advance, and its
      introduction could parallel the impact that cineangiography had on cardiac
      diagnosis. A major advantage of CT is that central catheterization for
      angiographic purposes is avoided, as relatively small amounts of intravenous
      contrast medium provide excellent CT contrast enhancement of the blood pool and
      cardiac structures. In this article, the cine-CT scanner and the scanning
      techniques involved are described briefly, and the methods used to analyze CT
      data are discussed. The initial results are described, as is the potential of
      cine-CT for quantitating cardiac function.

PMID- 3877948
TI  - Positron emission tomography in cardiology.
AB  - This article reviews the basis of PET imaging and current applications to
      cardiology. Included is a discussion of physical principles, detectors,
      quantitative estimation of regional radioactivity concentrations,
      radiopharmaceuticals, and application to flow and metabolism measurements in the
      myocardium.

PMID- 3877949
TI  - [Slit ventricle--clinical syndrome or radiologic phenomenon?].
AB  - Between 1976 and 1982 336 patients with an age range from several days to 65
      years, were treated by ventriculo-atrial or peritoneal shunt, because of internal
      hydrocephalus of different origins. Regular computerized tomographies
      demonstrated slit-ventricles in 36 patients. Twenty-eight patients were free of
      complaints. In 8 patients there were symptoms like nausea and vomiting. In 5
      patients these complaints were explainable by other diseases. In only 3 patients
      these signs were caused by increased intracranial pressure because of ventricular
      catheter obliteration. In these 3 cases an enlargement of the ventricles at the
      time of obliteration was seen. In our series slit-ventricles were seen only as a
      radiological phenomenon. There was no necessity for neurosurgical treatment at
      all.

PMID- 3877951
TI  - Positron emission tomography in brain tumour imaging.

PMID- 3877950
TI  - Fever: to treat or not to treat.

PMID- 3877952
TI  - Recalled life expectancy information, phase of illness and hope in cancer
      patients.
AB  - In this study two research questions were addressed: What is the relationship
      between recalled life expectancy information and hope in cancer patients? What
      effect does phase of illness have on the level of hope in cancer patients? A
      scale to measure hope was developed, used, and evaluated. In 55 cancer patients,
      an analysis of variance showed a significant main effect on hope for recalled
      life expectancy; difference in level of hope was found in cancer patients at
      different phases of illness. The findings indicated that individuals having no
      recollection of receiving information regarding their prognosis were more
      hopeful. The results have implications for determining what, how much, when, and
      how to communicate life expectancy information to patients who have cancer or
      other life-threatening illnesses.

PMID- 3877953
TI  - Distribution and chromatographic characterisation of CGRP-like immunoreactivity
      in the brain and gut of the rat.
AB  - Radioimmunoassay, chromatography and immunocytochemistry were used to study the
      occurrence of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the brain and gastrointestinal
      tract of the rat. In the brain, the highest concentrations of the peptide were
      found in the medulla oblongata (58.3 +/- 6.8 pmol/g) where immunocytochemistry
      showed the presence of immunoreactive cell bodies. Significant concentrations
      were also found in the pancreas and throughout the gastrointestinal tract, the
      highest levels occurring in the pyloric sphincter (48.0 +/- 6.0 pmol/g). CGRP
      like immunoreactivity in the gastrointestinal tract was restricted to nerve
      fibers. Chromatographic analysis of the CGRP-like immunoreactivity occurring in
      these tissues showed that at least 70% was indistinguishable from the synthetic
      peptide. However, there was also evidence of a number of smaller cross-reacting
      molecular species.

PMID- 3877954
TI  - Biological actions of human and rat calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related
      peptide.
AB  - We assessed the central and peripheral biological actions of human and rat
      calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). After intravenous
      administration, human and rat calcitonin, but neither human nor rat CGRP
      significantly decreased plasma calcium and phosphorus concentrations in awake,
      freely moving rats. After intracerebroventricular as well as after intravenous
      administration, human and rat calcitonin and human and rat CGRP significantly
      inhibited gastric acid secretion in conscious rats. Intracerebroventricular
      administration of rat calcitonin did not alter plasma calcium and phosphorus
      concentrations. Linear, partially protected CGRP and calcitonin did not exhibit
      any biological effects. These studies indicate that calcitonin, but not CGRP,
      affects calcium and phosphorus homeostasis while both peptides decrease gastric
      acid secretion similarly. Furthermore, these studies support the hypothesis that
      the calcium and phosphorus lowering effects of calcitonin are peripheral while
      the gastric inhibiting actions of the calcitonin and CGRP are mediated by the
      central nervous system.

PMID- 3877955
TI  - [Regional cerebral blood flow in cerebrovascular disease studied using N
      isopropyl-p-(123I) iodoamphetamine].
AB  - Twenty-one patients with cerebrovascular disease (5 with hemorrhage, 10 with
      infarction, 2 with TIA, 4 with motor disturbance of unknown cause) were studied
      using N-isopropyl-p-(123I)iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) and single photon emission
      CT. In 3 of 5 cases with cerebral hemorrhage, perfusion defects were shown in and
      around the region of hematomas, furthermore, one of the cases with internal
      capsular hematoma, the perfusion defect extended to the cortical area
      corresponding to the neurological pathway. In one case with MCA infarction, the
      perfusion defect was greater and clearer than the low density area on X-ray
      computed tomography (CT). These results revealed the 123I-IMP study provides
      physiological information in contrast with X-ray CT which provides anatomical
      information. In 3 of 9 cases with multiple small deep hemispheric infarctions on
      X-ray CT, the perfusion to the basal ganglia was suspected to be decreased on
      123I-IMP images. However, this visual findings was not definitive and, in fact,
      the diseased side was not always consistent with the clinical findings. For
      quantitative analysis, symmetrical regions of interest (ROIs) were constructed
      both basal ganglia and the ratio of average counts over the ROI to those over the
      whole slice was calculated. In the small infarction group, the mean +/- S.D. of
      the values was 0.89 +/- 0.09 in right and 0.89 +/- 0.08 in left. Although the
      values were not significantly different from those of normal subjects (0.99 +/-
      0.02 in right, 0.97 +/- 0.03 in left), they distributed in the range less than
      normal in 5 of 9 cases. This method was thought to be useful and practical to
      evaluate the cerebral blood flow in basal ganglia of patients with deep
      hemispheric infarction.

PMID- 3877956
TI  - [SOL-detectability of liver SPECT--analysis by SOL detection model].
AB  - The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of liver SPECT
      (single photon emission computed tomography). Eleven hospitals which are in or
      near Tokyo are participating in this study. Planar liver images and SPECT images
      of 134 cases which were retrospectively confirmed for its final diagnosis were
      collected. At the first study, the planar images (PS) were read by 13 nuclear
      medicine physicians. The second, the image reading by the combination of the
      planar images and the SPECT images (PS + SPECT) were performed. The confidence
      level of diagnosis for SOL (space occupying lesion) obtained by the image reading
      of PS and PS + SPECT has been analyzed by using the SOL detection model. The SOL
      detectability of PS + SPECT was higher than that of PS only. However, these
      differences were not statistically significant.

PMID- 3877957
TI  - [Cholestasis caused by co-trimoxazole. Presentation of a new patient and review
      of the literature].

PMID- 3877958
TI  - [Massive gastric hemorrhage caused by an intramuscular ectopic pancreas].

PMID- 3877959
TI  - [A new treatment of pain caused by peripheral vasculopathy: spinal cord
      stimulation].

PMID- 3877960
TI  - [Diffuse mixed T cell lymphoma].

PMID- 3877961
TI  - Differential expression of the human calcitonin--CGRP gene in medullary thyroid
      carcinoma and lung carcinoma cell lines.

PMID- 3877962
TI  - Lateral electrical surface stimulation.

PMID- 3877963
TI  - [Central sleep apnea in the Arnold-Chiari type II malformation and a trial to
      prevent it by transcutaneous electrical stimulation].

PMID- 3877964
TI  - [Relation between sacroiliac arthritis in Reiter's syndrome and the HLA-B27
      antigen].

PMID- 3877965
TI  - [Sinerdol-EHr--a new broad-spectrum antibiotic. The results in treating
      tuberculosis in adults and children].

PMID- 3877966
TI  - A new method for occult blood research of gastric origin: evaluation during
      endoscopic investigation.

PMID- 3877967
TI  - [Acupuncture in children].

PMID- 3877968
TI  - Correlation of disease activity with circulating immune complexes (C1qbA) and
      complement breakdown products (C3D) in patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus. A prospective study.
AB  - Most biologic effects of immune complexes are mediated through the activation of
      the complement system. The relationship between lupus disease activity and the
      presence of C3 breakdown products (C3d) and circulating immune complexes (CIC) as
      demonstrated with the C1q binding assay (C1qbA), was evaluated. Nearly all 13
      systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients had a stable disease course in this
      prospective study, nevertheless, in each patient the profiles of the serologic
      parameters were quite different. Despite the small number of investigated
      patients (13), it is concluded that irrespective of the disease activity, the
      serologic parameters could be either positive or negative. No relationship could
      be obtained between disease activity and the presence of C3d and/or CIC. Nor was
      there any evidence that the presence of CIC would indicate increased levels of C3
      breakdown products (C3d). This observation argues against a pathogenetic
      significance of CIC detected by the C1qbA in SLE. In conclusion, the supposed
      link between the presence of CIC, consumption and activation of the complement
      system, and the activity of SLE needs further study.

PMID- 3877969
TI  - [Digestive hemorrhage caused by rupture of esophageal varices. Management].

PMID- 3877970
TI  - [Digestive hemorrhage in cirrhotic patients excluding esophageal varices].

PMID- 3877971
TI  - [Digestive hemorrhage caused by acute gastroduodenal lesions].

PMID- 3877972
TI  - [Upper digestive hemorrhage of rare cause].

PMID- 3877973
TI  - [Lower digestive hemorrhage in adults. Diagnosis and management].

PMID- 3877974
TI  - [Determination of trophoblast-specific beta-1-globulin (SP1) in pregnancies with
      a hypotrophic fetus].

PMID- 3877975
TI  - Determination of mono- and dihydroxy-vitamin D metabolites in normal subjects and
      patients with different calcium metabolic diseases.
AB  - Reliable assays to determine the vitamin D metabolites are useful aids in the
      study of disorders involving vitamin D metabolism, and in the evaluation of the
      response in patients receiving vitamin D treatment. We report here the
      establishment in our laboratory of a method capable of measuring 25(OH)D,
      (including 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3), 1,25(OH)2D and 24,25(OH)2D in a single blood
      sample. The method involves methanol/dichloromethane extraction and Sephadex LH
      20 chromatography. The monhydroxylated fraction was purified on Lipidex 5000 and
      separated in 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 on high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC),
      followed by ultra violet absorbance (UV) detection. The dihydroxylated fraction
      was separated by HPLC and quantified by protein-binding assays. The method is
      precise and accurate. The vitamin D metabolites were measured in different groups
      of patients and in normal subjects.

PMID- 3877976
TI  - The influence of epidermal growth factor on surface morphology of fetal rat
      hepatocytes in primary culture.
AB  - In an attempt to understand the hormonal regulation of somatomedin secretion in
      the fetus, we have confirmed that epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates fetal
      rat hepatocytes in primary culture to secrete somatomedin in a time and a dose
      dependent fashion. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the
      cultured cells had ultrastructural features consistent with those of fetal
      hepatocytes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that cells grown in either
      Medium 199 or EGF supplemented Medium 199 formed cellular aggregates within 6 h.
      The surface features of cells in control and experimental cultures were
      indistinguishable up until 24 h after exposure to EGF. At this point in time,
      morphological differences between treatment groups were first apparent with SEM.
      In the presence of EGF, cellular aggregates were thicker, cells were more rounded
      in contour, and the number of microvilli and cytoplasmic excrescences (blebs) was
      greater than in control cultures. These differences were further accentuated at
      48 h after exposure to the growth factor. Since the appearance of microvilli and
      blebs coincides with increasing production of somatomedin, they may represent
      morphological evidence of secretory activity.

PMID- 3877977
TI  - Production of interleukin 1 but not of procoagulant activity by large granular
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Large granular lymphocytes (LGL) share phenotypic and functional properties with
      monocytes. We have investigated the production of procoagulant activity (PCA), so
      far attributed to cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage, by LGL. Endotoxin
      triggered interleukin (IL-1) release and PCA activity by highly purified monocyte
      preparations. In contrast, LGL exposed to endotoxin produced IL-1 but had no PCA
      activity. Similarly ineffective in inducing PCA in LGL were other stimuli that
      either triggered monocyte PCA or stimulated the natural killer cytotoxicity of
      LGL. Thus, although LGL share properties with monocytes such as the capacity to
      produce IL-1, PCA is confined, among circulating leukocytes, to cells of the
      monocyte lineage.

PMID- 3877978
TI  - Consequences of cyclophosphamide treatment in murine lymphocytic
      choriomeningitis: evidence for cytotoxic T cell replication in vivo.
AB  - Administration of a large dose (400 mg/kg) of cyclophosphamide (Cy) prior to
      infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) suppresses the virus
      immune cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. Treatment with 150 mg/kg of Cy
      before, at the time of, or on the day after LCMV infection has little effect on
      CTL function. In contrast, when given on 2-7 days after LCMV, this dose
      profoundly depresses the day-8 CTL response and delays the onset of neurological
      disease. Administration of as little as 50 mg/kg of Cy has a marked effect on CTL
      activity when given 5 days after virus. Therefore it seems likely that CTL are
      replicating for 5 or 6 days during this primary response. Multiplication of these
      T cells is apparently completed by day 8, since inoculation of 150 mg/kg of Cy at
      this time has little effect on the level of CTL activity measured on day 9. The
      CTL activity is not reconstituted by in vitro culture with added helper factors.
      The interpretation that CTL are replicating in vivo following inoculation of LCMV
      is in accord with other analyses of virus-specific precursor frequency in primed
      and naive mice.

PMID- 3877979
TI  - Murine and human T cell factors that induce the differentiation of normal mouse
      lymphocytes into cytotoxic cells copurify with interleukin 2.
AB  - Fetal calf serum (FCS)-specific T promoter cell lines (line 12), clones, or
      lymphomas produce lymphocyte promoter factors (LPF). These factors are defined as
      T-cell supernatant activities that induce polyclonal differentiation of normal
      experimentally unprimed mouse lymphocytes into antibody-forming cells (B-LPF) or
      into cytotoxic cells (T-LPF). The cytotoxic cells thus induced lysed a broad
      range of target cells including syngeneic and allogeneic tumour cells and
      lymphoblasts. We have investigated whether T cell tumours (mouse or human) other
      than FCS-specific T promoter cell lines (line 12), clones, or lymphomas produce T
      LPF activity, and whether T-LPF activity is related to interleukin 2 (IL-2)
      activity. We found that the EL4 thymoma cells were high producers of T-LPF and IL
      2 activity. When EL4 cells and T-LPF+ line 12 lymphomas were cloned, all T-LPF
      high-producer clones were also high IL-2 producers. In addition, the human Jurkat
      T tumour cells produced both T-LPF and IL-2 activity which could be detected on
      both mouse and human lymphocytes. By using biochemical fractionation (size
      fractionation or chromatofocusing fractionation) and absorption techniques, we
      could not separate T-LPF and IL-2 activity. Thus, the present data may indicate
      that the T-LPF and IL-2 activities studied in the present systems are borne by
      the same molecule(s) (= IL-2?). These results are discussed in relation to
      current hypotheses on the cellular and molecular requirements for the generation
      of cytotoxic T cells.

PMID- 3877980
TI  - Beta-lactamases in anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - The known mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance in anaerobic bacteria involve
      production of beta-lactamases, alteration of penicillin-binding proteins and
      blocked penetration of beta-lactams through the outer membranes. The most
      important factor in beta-lactam resistance is production of beta-lactamase. Beta
      lactamases in various Bacteroides, Fusobacterium and Clostridium species have
      been described. Beta-lactam resistance in Bacteroides fragilis is most commonly
      mediated by beta-lactamase production mainly of cephalosporinase character.
      Recent studies have also shown that B. fragilis can produce a penicillinase which
      inactivates piperacillin and carbenicillin. Enzymes inactivating cefoxitin and
      imipenem have also been isolated from B. fragilis. The Bacteroides non-fragilis
      species produce beta-lactamases of mainly penicillinase character. Recently a
      penicillinase from Fusobacterium nucleatum has been characterized. Among the
      clostridia, Clostridium butyricum, C. clostridiiformis and C. ramosum have been
      shown to produce penicillinases.

PMID- 3877982
TI  - Burst of publicity follows cancer report.

PMID- 3877981
TI  - Human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: a
      multilineage hematopoietin.
AB  - Human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was
      tested for its ability to induce colony formation in human bone marrow that had
      been enriched for progenitor cells. In addition to its expected granulocyte
      monocyte colony-stimulating activity, the recombinant GM-CSF had burst-promoting
      activity for erythroid burst-forming units and also stimulated colonies derived
      from multipotent (mixed) progenitors. In contrast, recombinant erythroid
      potentiating activity did not stimulate erythroid progenitors. The experiments
      prove that human GM-CSF has multilineage colony-stimulating activity.

PMID- 3877983
TI  - Pancytopenia associated with low dose pulse methotrexate in the treatment of
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Low dose pulse MTX was associated with the development of pancytopenia in six
      patients with RA. Two patients died. Factors implicated in the occurrence of this
      complication were renal impairment in five patients, medication errors by two
      patients, preexisting marrow injury from occult alcoholism in one patient, and an
      apparent idiosyncratic reaction to the drug in another. Medication errors were
      associated with the use of five or more medications, and the unusual schedule of
      administration of low dose MTX may also have been contributory. From a
      consideration of the clinical pharmacokinetics of MTX, we suggest other factors
      that may predispose to the occurrence of marrow toxicity: the presence of
      hypoalbuminemia, interactions between MTX and other protein bound or weakly
      acidic drugs, and the repetitive dosing schedule of low dose MTX. Based on our
      experience, patients with impaired renal function (creatinine greater than or
      equal to 2.0 mg/dL) should not receive MTX. Renal function should be monitored
      regularly during treatment with MTX, and blood counts should be observed
      carefully if a new drug is added or substituted. A 5 mg test dose of MTX before
      initiating weekly therapy may identify patients with severe hypersensitivity to
      the drug. The potential risks of using MTX in a patient unwilling to accept blood
      products should be acknowledged and discussed with the patient. Furthermore, we
      recommend the use of leucovorin if pancytopenia occurs, even if low or
      undetectable serum levels of MTX are present.

PMID- 3877984
TI  - Discoid lupus erythematosus in Singapore.

PMID- 3877985
TI  - The paperless medical record.

PMID- 3877986
TI  - Multivessel resolution of coronary artery stenosis.

PMID- 3877987
TI  - Excess leukocytosis (leukemoid reactions) associated with malignant diseases.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with malignancy had a peripheral white blood cell count of
      50,000/cu mm or more. The malignancies arose from several tissues, especially
      lung; all were carcinomas except for one osteogenic sarcoma. In no case was there
      evidence of leukemia as defined by disorderly marrow growth, abnormal
      chromosomes, or abnormal leukocyte alkaline phosphatase levels. The peripheral
      blood of these patients showed segmented neutrophils, bands, and occasional
      metamyelocytes. When young cells such as myelocytes were seen, they did not
      persist. A high WBC with malignancy is a late phenomenon, usually occurring
      shortly before death, and does not correlate with any pathologic findings such as
      necrosis, white cell infiltration of the tumor, or specific inflammatory changes.
      most of the associated tumors are of giant cell size, but serum showed no
      evidence of colony stimulating activity. This was true of two tumors reported in
      the literature, yet the tumors could be shown in vitro to produce colony
      stimulating activity. The tumor probably does produce some type of
      granulocytopoietin, but methods for detecting it are presently limited.

PMID- 3877988
TI  - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in urinary retention.
AB  - A 53-year-old woman with chronic back pain manifesting urinary frequency and
      incomplete voiding, presumably due to epidural scarring, was treated with
      standard TENS. Magnitude of residual urine and urinary frequency were decreased
      to acceptable limits and maintained in the absence of TENS treatment, allowing
      discontinuance of daily catheterization.

PMID- 3877989
TI  - [Effects of transcutaneous neuroelectrostimulation on peripheral circulation].

PMID- 3877991
TI  - [Acute nasopharyngeal infection as a risk factor of rheumatism].

PMID- 3877990
TI  - [Effects of safe-intensity laser irradiation on the immune system].

PMID- 3877992
TI  - Glucocorticoid resistance is a dominant trait in hybrids between cytolytic T
      lymphocyte lines and AKR thymomas.
AB  - By screening several cytolytic T-lymphocyte lines, AKR thymomas, and CTL X AKR
      thymoma hybrids from two different crosses for their sensitivity to the
      glucocorticoid (GC) analog dexamethasone (dex), we have found that CTL lines and
      cytolytically active, IL-2-dependent (CTL-like) hybrids are resistant to the
      cytostatic or cytolytic effects of dex; AKR thymomas and thymoma-like hybrids
      (cytolytically inactive, IL-2-independent), however, are sensitive to these
      effects of the drug. The GC resistance behaves like a dominant trait in these
      crosses. Although they are resistant to GC, the CTL lines and the CTL-like
      hybrids do contain functional hormone receptors and macrophage-activating factor
      (MAF) release by the CTL lines and CTL-like hybrids is inhibited by dex.

PMID- 3877993
TI  - [Administration of verapamil and propranolol for 4 years in a patient with
      aortocoronary bypass].

PMID- 3877994
TI  - [Anemia in collagen diseases--effect of peripheral blood T lymphocytes of
      rheumatoid arthritis patients on the colony formation derived from human bone
      marrow erythroid precursor cells (CFU-E)].

PMID- 3877996
TI  - Factors associated with fatal cases of measles. A retrospective autopsy study.
AB  - Clinical and laboratory records at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital,
      Cape Town, for the period 1976-1982 were reviewed to determine factors associated
      with fatal cases of measles. Pneumonia was found to be the commonest lethal
      complication of measles. Supervening infections by both viral (especially
      adenovirus and herpesvirus) and bacterial (especially Klebsiella species and
      Pseudomonas) agents played a prominent role in causing the deaths of children who
      had recently been infected with measles. Severe malnutrition was present with
      almost equal frequency among those dying of measles and those dying from other
      causes, but was significantly (P less than 0,02) less common in measles patients
      who survived. Peripheral lymphopenia and depletion of T-cell zones in the lymph
      nodes and spleen were more common in those who died from measles than in others.

PMID- 3877995
TI  - Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis) of the oral cavity. A case report.
AB  - A case of granuloma inguinale of the oral cavity clinically resembling
      actinomycosis is reported. This condition should be considered in the
      differential diagnosis of chronic ulcerative lesions of the mouth, especially in
      patients with associated genital ulcers.

PMID- 3877997
TI  - The pattern of angiodysplasia of the gastrointestinal tract in a tropical
      country.
AB  - Angiodysplasia of the intestine was diagnosed by selective visceral angiography
      in ten of 30 patients from India with unexplained recurrent hemorrhage of the
      gastrointestinal tract. In contrast with the reports from the western literature,
      most of the instances involved the small intestine and occurred in the third
      decade of life.

PMID- 3877998
TI  - Implications of a sclerotherapy program for the medical and surgical care of
      bleeding in portal hypertension.
AB  - The results of endoscopic sclerotherapy are promising and, at first sight, this
      technique offers a relatively simple and widely available method of achieving
      definitive control and preventing rebleeding from the esophageal varices. While
      it is an attractive option to operation, there is a small but significant group
      of patients, both at initial presentation and follow-up examination, in whom
      sclerotherapy is inappropriate. It remains to be determined whether shunt
      operation or a gastric vascularization procedure is superior. It must be
      remembered that surgical intervention may be required for a number of nonvariceal
      complications which may arise in patients with portal hypertension. Despite the
      apparent simplicity of endoscopic sclerotherapy, the management of these patients
      unquestionably requires a team of physicians, surgeons and nurses with back-up
      facilities from other personnel who are experienced in this problem, if mortality
      is to be kept to a minimum. The management of bleeding esophageal varices
      requires considerably more than a simple injection of sclerosant into a varix and
      a chronic sclerotherapy program imposes a large and inevitably increasing
      workload on a gastroenterologic unit.

PMID- 3878000
TI  - Accident death toll: 1984.

PMID- 3877999
TI  - Workdays lost after coronary bypass surgery.

PMID- 3878001
TI  - Significant regional variations in cost of coronary bypass surgery.

PMID- 3878002
TI  - Observations on the course of untreated primary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Controversy has arisen regarding the indications for elective surgical
      intervention in asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). The present study
      was designed to answer two questions: Is untreated primary HPT a progressive
      disease over time? If not, are the risks attendant on long-term conservative
      management comparable to those obtained from surgery? Forty-seven patients with
      primary HPT, established by a persistently elevated serum calcium level and an
      inappropriately elevated parathormone value, who were managed conservatively and
      followed for a minimum of 5 years were identified. Serial data collection
      included calcium, phosphorus, albumin, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase,
      parathormone levels, skeletal x-ray films, and complications known to result from
      primary HPT. For each patient the collected data were divided into three equal
      periods of time (minimum of 20 months per period). In addition, the patients were
      classified into three groups based on their average serum calcium levels during
      the first observation period. No patient in any of the three groups experienced a
      significant progressive increase in serum calcium levels during the periods of
      observation. Sixteen of the 47 untreated patients (34%) experienced a
      complication usually associated with primary HPT: peptic ulcer disease (eight
      patients), decrease in renal function (five patients), renal calculus (one
      patient), hypercalcemic crisis (one patient), and ventricular conduction defect
      (one patient). Four deaths were attributed to these complications. In conclusion,
      the course of primary HPT and attendant complicating features are not accompanied
      by worsening of the hypercalcemia initially observed. None of the parameters
      studied offered an accurate prediction of likelihood, progression, or severity of
      complications. The risks associated with long-term nonoperative management of
      asymptomatic primary HPT are nevertheless considerable and exceed the morbidity
      and mortality rates resulting from neck exploration.

PMID- 3878003
TI  - [Staged analysis of the lowered proliferative response of human lymphocytes to
      mitogens].
AB  - The current concepts of the mechanisms of initiation and regulation of the
      proliferative response of lymphoid cells underlie a series of research performed
      by the authors. Using the modern methods an attempt was made to analyze
      comprehensively the causes of its lowering in patients with congenital immune
      deficiency (ataxia-telangiectasia, the Louis-Bar syndrome). It was established
      that irresponsiveness of the patients' cells to mitogens is not associated with
      the inability of these cells to interact with mitogen, to produce the growth
      factor of T cells or adsorb it on their membrane. It is suggested that the
      derangement is likely to be connected with the blockade of the postmembrane
      component of the proliferation trigger. It is also assumed that the analysis of
      the low proliferative response employed by the authors can be successfully used
      for other pathologies.

PMID- 3878004
TI  - [Results of the appraisal of diagnostic criteria for podagra].
AB  - The authors describe the results of the appraisal of the podagra diagnostic
      criteria developed by the researchers of the USSR and Hungarian People's Republic
      at the Institute of Rheumatology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR.
      Present the data obtained during the examination of 500 patients. According to
      the materials of both countries' researchers the accuracy of podagra recognition
      amounts to 99% in the group of podagra patients and to 94.6% in the group of
      patients afflicated with diseases similar to podagra.

PMID- 3878005
TI  - [Correction of immunoregulatory disorders in seronegative and seropositive
      rheumatoid arthritis].
AB  - A study was made of the effect of the drugs with an immunostimulant (T-activin,
      levamisole) and immunosuppressant (prospidin) activity on the synthesis of IgA,
      IgM and IgG in vitro in lymphoid cultures of 7 healthy donors, 16 patients with
      seropositive and 9 patients with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It was
      shown that the model of the synthesis of immunoglobulins in vitro demonstrates
      the impairment of T-B-cell cooperation of lymphocytes in RA patients. It was
      establised that the effect of immunologically active drugs on the synthesis of
      immunoglobulins depends on the character of the drug immunotropic action and
      initial functional activity of the immunoregulatory T-lymphocytes. Like
      polyclonal mitogens, levamisole and, to a greater extent, T-activin stimulating
      the initially low activity of T helpers increase spontaneous synthesis of
      immunoglobulins in lymphoid cultures of patients with seronegative RA, whereas in
      seropositive RA, these drugs stimulating the initially low activity of T
      suppressors carrying Fc gamma-receptors inhibit this process. Prospidin inhibit
      the synthesis of immunoglobulins equally in both RA patterns. Indications and
      contraindications for administration of he immunologically active drugs on a
      clinical bases are discussed.

PMID- 3878006
TI  - [Lymphocytoplasmapheresis in various rheumatic diseases].

PMID- 3878008
TI  - Tuberculosis--still a major problem.

PMID- 3878007
TI  - [Spontaneous secretion of antinuclear factors in systemic lupus erythematosus,
      rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatism].
AB  - The authors studied the ability of non-stimulated short-term cultures of
      peripheral lymphocytes of SLE, RA and rheumatic fever patients to spontaneously
      produce antibodies to DNA and other antinuclear factors. To demonstrate
      antibodies to DNA, use was made of the radioimmunoassay and the passive
      hemagglutination test. ANF-test of indirect immunofluorescence. The nosological
      and clinical features of secretory ANF were explored in the diseases in question.
      It was established that patients with the main rheumatic diseases are different
      as regards the rate of demonstration, level and spectrum of secretory ANF. They
      also differ from the group of donors in terms of the same characteristics. The
      culture of peripheral lymphocytes of SLE patients has the greatest ability to
      secrete antibodies to DNA and ANF of the primarily marginal and homogenous types
      of fluorescence. This characteristic correlates with SLE activity before the
      disease onset and over time as well as with lupus nephritis. In RA and rheumatic
      fever, this characteristics correlates with the disease activity, the presence of
      visceritis in RA. The clinicopathogenetic importance of secretory ANF in
      rheumatic diseases is discussed.

PMID- 3878009
TI  - A new low molecular weight heparin fragment (PK 10169): in vitro and in vivo
      studies.
AB  - The depolymerized heparin fragment PK 10169 was compared with conventional
      mucosal sodium heparin. The inhibition of factors Xa and IXa by heparin and by PK
      10169 was similar on a weight base whilst the inhibition of thrombin by PK 10169
      was at least 5 times weaker than by heparin. Subcutaneous injection of PK 10169
      was not followed by prolongation of the thrombin time. The APTT was considerably
      less prolonged after PK than after heparin. Platelet reaction was increased by
      heparin but was not influenced by PK 10169. In vitro the euglobulin lysis time
      (ELT) was shortened after addition of heparin to plasma but not after addition of
      PK 10169. After injection, however, there was an equal shortening of the ELT by
      both substances. Advantages of PK 10169 over heparin are therefore a weaker
      anticoagulant effect and the missing influence on platelet functions.

PMID- 3878010
TI  - [Production of monoclonal antibodies].
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies are prepared by a process of somatic cell hybridization.
      During this process the antibody-forming plasma cells are fused with myeloma
      cells. Hybrid cells continue to proliferate and to secrete antibodies.
      Homogeneous cell population which secrete a monoclonal product are obtained by
      cloning of the hybrid cells. The reactivity of the monoclonal antiserum is then
      determined by a screening procedure (for example by immunoassay). The principles
      of the production and the screening of monoclonal antibodies are presented.

PMID- 3878011
TI  - [Current developments in hybridoma technology].
AB  - A review of recent developments in hybridoma technology is presented. The
      advantages and disadvantages of different methods of immunization,
      immortalization, selection and cultivation of hybridomas are evaluated. Recent
      and promising developments in the field of the application of monoclonal
      antibodies are discussed.

PMID- 3878012
TI  - Leprosy associated with HLA-DR2 and DQw1 in the population of northern Thailand.
AB  - A study of the frequency of HLA-DR2 and DQw1 was performed in leprosy patients
      and controls in northern Thailand. HLA-DR2 was found in 100% (17/17) of patients
      with sporadic tuberculoid leprosy and in over 90% (30/32) of all tuberculoid
      leprosy patients, as compared to 62% (20/32) of controls (p = .02). These strong
      associations had relative risks of 21.4 for sporadic and 7.4 for all tuberculoid
      leprosy, and etiologic fractions of 1.0 and 0.84, respectively. There was also a
      statistically significant and strong association between tuberculoid leprosy and
      DQw1. These data add to the growing body of evidence that products of HLA class
      II determinants or closely linked genes may play a role in determining the
      clinical manifestations of M. leprae infection.

PMID- 3878013
TI  - Immunoglobulins in healthy controls: HLA-B8 and sex differences.
AB  - Serum immunoglobulins were measured in one hundred and eighty-four healthy
      controls. One hundred and fifty-nine of these were also HLA typed. IgG levels did
      not differ with sex or HLA-B8 status. IgM levels did not differ with HLA-B8
      status but were significantly higher in females than males. IgA levels were lower
      in females than males; they were also lower in HLA-B8 positive compared with HLA
      B8 negative individuals; the lowest IgA levels were found in HLA-B8 positive
      females. The IgA variation may be relevant to the higher incidence of certain
      disorders among HLA-B8 positive individuals and among females.

PMID- 3878014
TI  - HLA and DR antigen frequencies in melanoma patients: possible relation to disease
      prognosis.
AB  - The frequency of HLA-DR5 was significantly increased in a large group of
      malignant melanoma patients (33.7% vs 20.5% for controls). The subgroup of
      patients with poor prognosis showed both a DR5 increase and a relative decrease
      in DR1. Although none of these differences was significant after correction for
      the number of antigens tested, similar findings have been made for other
      malignancies and further studies should be encouraged.

PMID- 3878016
TI  - Vaccines: quantities, production and costs.
AB  - At a birth rate of about 150 million children per year, 300 to 400 million doses
      DTP-polio and 150 to 200 million doses of measles and BCG vaccines will be
      required annually for immunization of the world population against the target
      diseases as defined by the EPI of the World Health Organization. With the
      introduction of modern fermentation technologies production of these quantities
      is practically and economically feasible. The main problem is the administration
      of the vaccine to the target population. This may be achieved by application of a
      more condense and simplified vaccination schedule which has shown to be effective
      in clinical studies. Also, the costs of the immunization programmes may be
      considerably reduced in this way as the costs of administration form the major
      part of any immunization programme.

PMID- 3878015
TI  - Evaluation of immune function in mice exposed to Ordram.
AB  - The potential effects that the thiocarbamate herbicide Ordram has on the immune
      system of mice was evaluated following 12 days of acute dosing by oral gavage.
      Dosages of Ordram ranging from 20 to 320 mg/kg/day had no consistent significant
      effects on a variety of immune parameters investigated. The immune parameters
      measured were the following: body and lymphoid organ weights; splenic natural
      killer (NK) cell activity; lymphoproliferative responses to B and T lymphocyte
      mitogens and allogeneic spleen cells in a one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction; and
      delayed-type hypersensitivity and antibody responses to sheep red blood cells
      (SRBC). The effects that the immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide has on these
      immune parameters was also examined. The results indicate that Ordram does not
      appear to affect key parameters of the immune system of mice under the conditions
      of exposure employed.

PMID- 3878017
TI  - [Intranuclear lipids in the late oocytes of the common frog].
AB  - The complex of chromosomes and nucleoli, constituting the karyosphere with a
      capsule, was removed micro-surgically from the late oocyte nuclei of Rana
      temporaria. Lipids of nuclei and of karyosphere were investigated using
      biochemical and autoradiographical methods in hormone-stimulated maturing oocytes
      in vitro. Neutral lipids (triglyceride, diglyceride, cholesterol ester) were
      found in the karyosphere substance by thin-layer chromatography. During oocyte
      maturation the incorporation of a precursor (3H-glycerol) into triglyceride was
      seen to increase much more than into lecithin. The autoradiography on the
      sectioned oocytes showed that the intranuclear level of 3H-glycerol was more
      densely distributed in the nucleolar zone over the material of a fibrous
      component of the karyosphere capsule. The level was also detected over the
      central part of the karyosphere in close proximity to the chromosomes. The
      involvement of lipids in organization of the complicated intranuclear complex of
      the karyosphere with a capsule is discussed. It is suggested that lipid
      accumulation in the area of the karyosphere fibrous component may reflect their
      functional relation with the oocyte nuclear matrix.

PMID- 3878018
TI  - [Na+ and K+ binding by glycerinated muscle fibers at equal concentrations of the
      chlorides of these cations in the medium].
AB  - The Na+ and K+ equilibrium distribution between the medium and glycerinated
      muscle fibres of the frog has been investigated under equal concentrations of
      NaCl and KCl in solutions. Concentrations of NaCl and KCl varied from 0.5-1.5 mkM
      till 50 mM. Ion strength (0.11) was constant owing to the imidazol--HCl buffer.
      The binding of Na+ and K+ by model fibres occurred in accordance with the Langmur
      equation. Two kinds of cation-binding sites were found. The one with a low
      limiting ion sorption (A infinity approximately 1.3 mmol/kg dry weight of fibres)
      and high affinities (-delta F0 approximately 4.3 kcal/mol) was saturated at 0.5
      mM concentrations (Na+ = K+) in the medium, and the other--with A infinity
      exceeding the previous one by an order and low -delta F0 (2.5 kcal/mol) was
      discovered at Na+, K+-1-10 mM. At ion concentrations equal to 0.5-1 mM the
      Langmur-binding is disturbed. At Na+-K+ less than or equal to 1 mM Na+ bound:K+
      bound approximately to 1:1. At higher concentrations of cations Na+ bound:K+
      bound approximately equal to 3:2. It is concluded that at least part of the sites
      in model fibres is capable of interacting only with Na+, but not with K+. It is
      supposed that at equal concentrations of Na+ and K+ in the medium the cations are
      bound by Na+, K+-ATPase of glycerinated muscle fibres.

PMID- 3878019
TI  - [Sulfhydryl group distribution along the axis of the rod outer segment in the
      frog].
AB  - The existence of SH-group concentration axial gradient in frog's retinal rod
      outer segments has been shown. A diminution of SH-groups in the outer segment
      apical part points to a damage of the vision pigment during the life span of the
      rod disks.

PMID- 3878020
TI  - [Embolization in acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage].

PMID- 3878021
TI  - [Hemangioma of the left half of colon causing gastrointestinal hemorrhage].

PMID- 3878022
TI  - [Electric stimulation of pseudoarthroses. Illustrated by experimental and
      clinical results].

PMID- 3878023
TI  - [Health status of redundant ship employees. Results of a cross-sectional study in
      a 3-year prospective study].

PMID- 3878024
TI  - [Health risks involving metals decreasing with chlorinated solvents. A cross
      sectional study].

PMID- 3878025
TI  - Thoracic trauma. Newer concepts.
AB  - Thoracic trauma induces pulmonary injury by functional as well as by structural
      damage. Injury at the cellular level causes changes seen 24 to 48 hours after
      initial trauma. Treatment should be aimed at stabilizing the patient upon initial
      presentation, and one should be aware of potential problems that may arise as the
      injury progresses. An animal with tracheobronchial tree injury is usually
      presented a few days after the initial injury with a client complaint of dyspnea.
      The only treatment is surgical repair.

PMID- 3878026
TI  - Primary pulmonary neoplasia in the dog and cat.
AB  - This article covers the pertinent clinical, physical, and radiographic findings
      in dogs and cats with primary pulmonary neoplasia. Diagnostic and treatment
      recommendations are made. Although primary pulmonary neoplasia is rare in both
      the dog and cat, it appears to be diagnosed with increasing frequency. Early
      detection and surgical treatment of carefully selected cases can prolong a good
      quality of life.

PMID- 3878027
TI  - Diseases of the nose and sinuses.
AB  - This article discusses the diagnosis and management of acute and chronic diseases
      of the nasal cavity and sinuses. Also discussed are the anatomy of the upper
      respiratory tract, guidelines for obtaining a thorough history and performing a
      complete physical examination, and various diagnostic procedures, such as
      rhinoscopy, culture, and serology.

PMID- 3878028
TI  - Aspiration pneumonia and complications of inhalation of smoke and toxic gases.
AB  - Pulmonary aspiration of oral, esophageal, or gastric content poses a significant
      hazard to animals. Aspiration of acidic, alkaline, or ingesta-containing gastric
      contents can cause serious morbidity and mortality. Clinicians must be aware of
      conditions and clinical situations in which there is increased risk of
      aspiration. The most important aspect of the mitigation of the pneumonic
      complications of aspiration is prevention.

PMID- 3878029
TI  - Vaccinia virus proteins on the plasma membrane of infected cells. III. Infection
      of peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - Primary macrophage cultures were prepared from the peritoneal exudate cell
      population harvested from mice challenged intraperitoneally with saline,
      thioglycollate, or vaccinia virus. Vaccinia virus was adsorbed and penetrated
      into primary macrophages and L-cells with similar kinetics. As evidenced by the
      expression of some "early" virus-specified proteins, partial uncoating and
      activation of the virion-associated DNA-dependent RNA polymerase occurred in the
      infected macrophages. Subsequently, the viral replication cycle in macrophages
      was aborted; with time after infection, viral DNA and virion proteins initially
      associated with infected cells could be detected in an acid-soluble form in the
      medium harvested from infected macrophage cultures. The results suggest that at
      the time that the final stages of virus uncoating should have occurred,
      intracellular subviral particles were, instead, degraded in the infected, primary
      macrophages. Viral DNA synthesis could not be measured in vaccinia virus-infected
      macrophages, no "late" virus functions were expressed, and progeny virions were
      not assembled. As measured by the binding of antiviral-antibody-125I-protein A
      complexes to the surface of vaccinia virus-infected cells, the expression of
      virus-specified antigens on the surfaces of infected macrophages was
      significantly reduced and never exceeded that measured at 2 hr after infection on
      the surfaces of infected L-cells. The expression of virus-specified polypeptides
      with mol mass of 48-50, 45-46, 36-37, and 25 kDa on the plasma membranes of
      vaccinia virus-infected, thioglycollate-elicited macrophages, rendered the
      infected macrophages susceptible to lysis by vaccinia virus-specific cytotoxic T
      cells.

PMID- 3878030
TI  - Tumorigenicity of adenovirus-transformed cells: region E1A of adenovirus 12
      confers resistance to natural killer cells.
AB  - Sensitivity of a library of rat cells transformed in vitro with viable
      recombinant adenoviruses to natural killer (NK) cells and allogeneic cytotoxic T
      cells has been studied and correlated with their oncogenic potential in syngeneic
      rats. All cell lines transformed with the sub370-12E1AB virus (containing E1A and
      E1B regions of Ad12) and with the sub370-12E1A virions (containing the E1A region
      of Ad12 and the E1B region of Ad5) showed a high degree of resistance to NK
      cells. The cell lines transformed with the sub370-12E1B virus (containing the E1A
      region of Ad5 and the E1B region of Ad12) were highly sensitive to NK
      cytotoxicity. While all cell lines transformed with virions containing the E1A
      genes of Ad5 expressed high levels of class I MHC antigen, only three of eight
      cell lines containing the E1A region of Ad12 showed detectable levels by flow
      cytometric analysis after staining with specific antibodies. All cell lines
      containing E1A genes of Ad5 were killed by in vitro generated allogeneic
      cytolytic T cells. Only three of eight cell lines containing the E1A region of
      Ad12 were killed by such CTLs; the level of cytotoxicity, however, did not reach
      that seen with the cells containing the E1A genes of Ad5. All cell lines
      containing the E1A and E1B genes of Ad12 were highly tumorigenic. Only two of
      four cell lines transformed with virus containing the E1A genes of Ad12 and E1B
      region of Ad5 were tumorigenic. The efficiency of tumor induction was low and the
      latent period was long confirming the importance of the E1B region. None of the
      cell lines transformed with virus containing the E1A region of Ad5 and the E1B
      genes of Ad12 were tumorigenic, reflecting their high degree of sensitivity to
      both natural and induced cellular immunity. Expression of the E1A region of Ad12
      in transformed cells modulates not only the level of class I MHC antigens, but
      also confers resistance to NK cell cytotoxicity.

PMID- 3878031
TI  - Role of the gene 17 protein of bacteriophage T4.
AB  - Head-related particles of bacteriophage T4 were examined by using heat leakage
      scanning calorimetry. The 17- particles showed two endothermic peaks on
      thermograms during their thermal transition process, while 49- particles gave
      only a single sharp endothermic peak. Thermograms of 17- particles treated with
      23- defective lysate were different from those of nontreated 17- particles, and
      closely resembled thermograms of 49- particles. The 31- defective lysate was also
      capable of converting thermal properties of 17- particles. These results suggest
      that there is a structural difference between 17- particles and 49- particles,
      and that the product gene 17 of bacteriophage T4 is involved in the structural
      conversion of prohead to a more completed structure.

PMID- 3878032
TI  - Chromatic properties of the retinal afferents in the thalamus and the tectum of
      the frog (Rana temporaria).
AB  - In order to clarify physiological mechanisms underlying colour-specific visually
      guided behaviour, we measured spectral sensitivities of On-fibres projecting to
      the thalamus and class 2 and 3 fibres passing to tectum opticum. In addition we
      recorded responses of these fibres to moving coloured papers with known spectral
      reflectancies. The latter method, here called paper colourimetry, allowed us to
      change the relative stimulations of the blue-, green- and red-sensitive
      photoreceptors in any direction desired. Under the photopic conditions used the
      tectal fibres were driven exclusively by red-sensitive receptors, while the
      thalamic fibres received strong On-inputs from both red- and blue-sensitive
      receptors. Due to a partly antagonistic interaction between these inputs the On
      fibres acted in a dichromatic way, responding with specific extended low
      frequency discharges to all relative increases in blue receptor stimulation, e.g.
      to a great reduction in red stimulation combined with unchanged blue stimulation.
      Thus they have functional characteristics which could serve a visual system
      showing colour constancy.

PMID- 3878033
TI  - Just noticeable inhomogeneity criterion for determining wavelength discrimination
      functions.
AB  - The visual criterion of just noticeable inhomogeneity is described for
      determining wavelength discrimination functions. It involved determining the
      wavelength differences between reference and test fields required to produce a
      just noticeable inhomogeneity which cannot be eliminated by a brightness
      adjustment. The fields formed a checkerboard pattern the element size of which
      variable. Tritanopic delta lambda functions were obtained by using the small
      field insensitivity of the fovea. Just noticeable border, data obtained from
      bipartite field studies, were replicated with this checkerboard field.

PMID- 3878034
TI  - [Immunogenetic indices in the acute period of a mild closed craniocerebral
      injury].

PMID- 3878035
TI  - [Status of the immune system of patients with infectious-allergic bronchial
      asthma after transcerebral exposure to a UHF electrical field (27, 12 MHz)].

PMID- 3878036
TI  - [Effect of galvanization on the course of experimental atherosclerosis].

PMID- 3878037
TI  - [Current approach to the treatment of early forms of cervix cancer].
AB  - The effectiveness of treatment of early cancer of the uterine cervix (TIS, Tla
      and Tlb) is subject to evaluation of tumor stage, concomitant diseases and
      patient's age as well as the degree of neoplastic process and immunologic vigor.
      Complex treatment should be unoffensive for immunity. Immunodepressive agents
      should be used in conjunction with immunostimulants.

PMID- 3878038
TI  - C4 phenotypic variation suggests an unusual class III gene organization.
AB  - The class III gene markers, C4A, C4B, C2 and BF were determined in 26 HLA
      genotyped families. In 6 of these families the inheritance of the C4A
      electrophoretic phenotype, C4A 3, A 2 could not be explained assuming the genetic
      model that the C4A component is controlled by only one locus (C4A) and suggests
      that both C4A 3 and C4A 2 are encoded by the same chromosome. This apparently
      duplicated C4A locus haplotype is common in Northern Europeans occurring at a
      frequency of at least 6%. In 4 families the C4A 3, A 2 'variant' occurred
      together with HLA-Bw35 and in 2 together with HLA-Bw55. Furthermore, it was
      striking that in each family the C4A 3, A 2 'variant' was found exclusively with
      the complotype FC3/20 which encodes no phenotypically expressed C4B locus
      product.

PMID- 3878039
TI  - [Use of direct current in the combined treatment of myocardial infarct patients
      in the early sanatorium stage of rehabilitation].

PMID- 3878040
TI  - [Dynamics of the antihemagglutinin level in annual human immunization with
      inactivated influenza vaccines].
AB  - Inactivated influenza vaccines are classified according to the types of
      antihemagglutinin response after annual revaccination of people with inactivated
      influenza vaccines carried out for 3 successive years. The results of analysis
      show that in response to annual revaccination with inactivated vaccine up to 80%
      of the vaccinees develop no positive changes in antihemagglutinin titres. An
      experiment using a liver moderately attenuated vaccine after a single
      immunization with an inactivated vaccine demonstrated that 64.7% vaccinees would
      not be involved in the epidemic process at all and 11.5% would be involved at the
      level of asymptomatic infection. The remaining portion (23.8%), also involved in
      the epidemic process after immunization with inactivated vaccine, apparently
      requires additional immunological protection. The results of the above study
      indicate the inefficacy of annual vaccination of the same subjects with the same
      inactivated influenza vaccine.

PMID- 3878041
TI  - [Effect of electric stimulation on the reparative processes in human bone
      tissue].

PMID- 3878042
TI  - [The tumor markers CEA, TPA and CA 19-9 and ferritin and osteocalcin in follow-up
      studies in breast cancer].
AB  - Radioimmunological determinations of the tumour markers CEA, TPA, CA 19-9,
      ferritin and also osteocalcin were carried out in 250 patients with ablatio
      mammae for breast cancer over a follow-up period of at least 1 year. Metastases
      were detected in 49 of the 250 patients. The normal control group comprised 193
      healthy persons. CEA proved to be the most valuable tumour marker, but TPA and
      ferritin were also significantly elevated in metastatic breast cancer. Combined
      determination of all 3 parameters gave the best results. Additional measurement
      of CA 19-9 was helpful in only one of the 49 patients with metastases in whom the
      3 other parameter were negative throughout. Hence, determination of CA 19-9
      appears unnecessary in breast cancer. In progressive disease the markers
      generally increased and fell again following successful therapy. In a few cases
      the opposite was found or no changes were observed. Cases with small local
      recurrence or an additional carcinoma at an early stage did not exhibit increased
      marker values as compared to patients without metastases. Not infrequently the
      increase in markers preceded the manifestation of metastases by several months.
      Very high concentrations of tumour markers signify a poor prognosis. Osteocalcin
      was elevated in patients with bone metastases, but not soft tissue metastases. In
      general, however, it paralleled the serum alkaline phosphatase level.

PMID- 3878043
TI  - [Surgical therapy of coronary disease: aortocoronary bypass. Risks and
      complications].
AB  - The aorto-coronary bypass surgery is a well established method for treating
      patients with coronary artery disease. In the last five years at the University
      Clinic in Innsbruck 417 operations have been performed. The operation letality
      decreased down to 0.66%, whereby the mean revascularisation rate increased to
      2.8. The specific aim of this paper is to show the benefits and the risks of this
      operation to validate and to verify the benefits in regard to the risks, which
      could be kept very low.

PMID- 3878044
TI  - The prevalence of anaemia in the world.

PMID- 3878045
TI  - Prevalence and determinants of nutritional blindness in Bangladeshi children.

PMID- 3878046
TI  - A comparison of two cytotoxicity assays for the detection of metabolism-mediated
      toxicity in vitro: a study with cyclophosphamide.
AB  - The cytotoxicity to V79 Chinese hamster fibroblasts of cyclophosphamide (CPA)
      metabolites, generated by rat-liver S9 fractions, has been compared in two assay
      systems with different endpoints of toxicity, namely, reduction of cloning
      efficiency and inhibition of cell growth. The two assay systems were found to be
      equally sensitive in detecting the metabolism-mediated cytotoxicity of CPA and
      gave similar ID50 values. Further studies confirmed the cytochrome P-450 enzyme
      requirement for the bioactivation of CPA to cytotoxic metabolites. CPA activation
      was mediated by phenobarbitone-inducible forms of cytochrome P-450, but not by
      beta-naphthoflavone-inducible forms.

PMID- 3878047
TI  - [Indications for coronary surgery].

PMID- 3878048
TI  - [Coronary bypass surgery as a means of rehabilitation].

PMID- 3878050
TI  - For an elusive infection, hope in a vaccine.

PMID- 3878049
TI  - [Diagnosis of hemophilia and von Willebrand-Jurgens syndrome. 3. Results of
      studies on patients with vWJS, heterozygotes of vWJS and patients with Glanzmann
      Naegeli thrombasthenia].
AB  - By means of genealogical and laboratory-diagnostic examinations in the district
      of Magdeburg 59 patients with a von-Willebrand-Jurgens-syndrome and 2 patients
      with thrombasthenia were detected. On the basis of the laboratory data and the
      severity of the inclination to haemorrhage in patients with von-Willebrand
      Jurgens-syndrome a subdivision into type I (severe from), type I (easy form) and
      type II was made. The diagnosis was rendered difficult by the appearance of
      clinically asymptomatic carriers of signs. The experiences hitherto made in the
      dispensary care and the use of the laboratory programme are estimated.

PMID- 3878051
TI  - [Use of factor analysis in the evaluation of various immunological indicators in
      children with neurodermatitis].

PMID- 3878052
TI  - [Dynamics of staphylococcal infection in guinea pigs with delayed
      hypersensitivity to Staphylococcus aureus surface antigens].
AB  - The relationship between delayed hypersensitivity (DH) to S. aureus surface
      antigens and the intensity of the infectious process induced by the sublethal
      infection of guinea pigs with S. aureus was studied. The protective effect,
      manifested by a decrease in the staphylococcal contamination of the spleen tissue
      and by an increase in the level of the activation of lymphocytes, was shown to
      correlate with DH induced by inactivated staphylococcal cells. In infected guinea
      pigs having DH to different staphylococcal antigens the disease either took a
      more severe course (in cases of DH to cell wall or peptidoglycan) than in the
      animals subjected only to infection, or no aggravation of the disease was
      observed (in cases of DH to protein A).

PMID- 3878053
TI  - [Use of thymalin in the complex treatment of infantile cerebral palsy].
AB  - The immunomodulator thymalin was included in the complex of rehabilitative
      therapy of 22 children with cerebral paralysis expressed in the form of spastic
      diplegia and with frequent intercurrent infections. Immunological parameters were
      measured before and after treatment to determine the efficiency of the therapy.
      Improvement in the neurological defect was observed in 54.55% of children with an
      impaired function of the immunocompetent system one month after the treatment.

PMID- 3878054
TI  - [Anti-thymocyte antibodies in schizophrenia: clinico-immunologic and genetic
      correlations].
AB  - The blood levels of anti-thymocytic IgG, IgM and IgA were studied in
      schizophrenics, their relatives and normal donors. The schizophrenic patients and
      their relatives had significantly elevated levels of IgG and IgM. The increased
      level of IgG in schizophrenic patients may be considered as a reflection of the
      pathological process or, perhaps, as a response to disease exacerbation. A high
      concentration of IgM is implicated in hereditary liability to schizophrenia being
      a significant although insufficient component of the patient's ability to develop
      the disease.

PMID- 3878056
TI  - Deca-Durabolin and cytotoxic drugs.

PMID- 3878055
TI  - Plasma fibronectin, von Willebrand factor antigen, and blood rheology.
      Association with diabetic microvascular disease.
AB  - Plasma fibronectin might play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of
      diabetic microvascular disease. To test this hypothesis we measured plasma
      fibronectin, von Willebrand factor antigen, fibrinogen, erythrocyte filtrability,
      whole-blood viscosity, proteinuria and albuminuria in 25 control subjects and 29
      diabetic patients with and without microvascular complications. Plasma
      fibronectin was significantly higher in the diabetic patients, especially in
      those with retinopathy and nephropathy. A significant correlation between
      fibronectin and von Willebrand factor antigen was found in both patients with and
      without microangiopathy (p less than 0.001). In diabetic patients with and
      without microvascular complications, several significant correlations were found
      between increased fibronectin levels and reduced erythrocyte filtrability (p less
      than 0.001) and between the increase of fibronectin and whole-blood viscosity (p
      less than 0.001). Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between plasma
      fibronectin levels, proteinuria (p less than 0.001) and albuminuria (p less than
      0.001). The relationship between plasma fibronectin and changes of blood rheology
      may be important for the occurrence and progression of diabetic microangiopathy.

PMID- 3878057
TI  - [Effect of anti-thymocyte globulin on the growth of a normal human lymphocyte
      colony derived from peripheral blood].

PMID- 3878058
TI  - [Dynamics of cell surface antigens on peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients
      with hemophilia].

PMID- 3878059
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy and cell kinetic study of adult T-cell leukemia
      (ATL)].

PMID- 3878060
TI  - [Femoral neuropathy with deafferentation pain. Complications of a hematoma during
      anticoagulant treatment].
AB  - A case of femoral palsy associated with chronic pain sensible to Carbamazepine,
      secondary to iliacus haematoma during anticoagulant therapy is reported. Late
      femoral nerve decompression followed by transcutaneous neurostimulation permit
      the normalization of the sensory nerve conduction and a complete clinical
      recovery. The localizations of hemorrhage and nervous compression are discussed.
      The necessity of a nerve decompression when features of nervous conduction
      persist is emphasized. Clinical symptomatology, Carbamazepine and transcutaneous
      neurostimulation efficacity, electrophysiological features are correlated with a
      central deafferentation state caused by an incomplete and heterogeneous lesion of
      the sensory nerve conduction pathways.

PMID- 3878061
TI  - Blood-nerve barrier studies in experimental allergic neuritis.
AB  - The integrity of the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) was studied during the development
      of experimental allergic neuritis (EAN). Lewis rats immunized with bovine nerve
      or myelin plus complete Freund's adjuvant developed histological lesions of EAN
      in nerve roots by 10-12 days and in sciatic nerves by 12-14 days. Evans blue
      albumin (EBA) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were injected i.v. 1 h prior to
      killing on days 6-18. Perivascular and diffuse endoneurial leakage of the tracers
      was seen in nerve roots by 10-12 days post immunization (p.i.) and in sciatic
      nerves by 12-14 days. This coincided with the appearance of endoneurial
      infiltration with inflammatory cells and endoneurial proteinaceous edema at a
      time when Schwann cell and myelin changes were still minimal. Therefore, an
      alteration in BNB permeability occurs early in EAN, coincident with inflammatory
      cell infiltration. This could be an expression of delayed hypersensitivity, yet
      it would also facilitate the entry of anti-myelin antibodies into the endoneurium
      where they could initiate demyelination.

PMID- 3878062
TI  - Fixation of osteochondral fractures. Fibrin sealant tested in dogs.
AB  - Standardized osteochondral fractures in the left femoral condyle in 19 adult
      mongrel dogs were fixed with either fibrin sealant or Kirschner wire. Adaptation
      and mechanical strength after 4, 7 or 8, and 14 days were compared with an in
      vitro study of the initial strength of the fibrin sealant in osteochondral
      fractures. After 4 days, the maximum tensile strength was increased in the fibrin
      sealed group, whereas no difference in energy absorption at failure was found.
      Although the initial strength of the fibrin bond was low, the tendency to
      displacement was less in this group. Our results suggest that fibrin sealant can
      be used for fixation of small osteochondral fragments, provided that
      immobilisation is sufficient.

PMID- 3878063
TI  - Intestinal metaplasia induced by X-irradiation in different strains of rats.
AB  - Attempts were made to examine strain differences in the susceptibility of rats to
      intestinal metaplasia induced by X-irradiation. The gastric regions of 4 inbred
      male rats (SHR, F344, WKY, and LEW strains) in 5-week-old and 2 random bred male
      rats (SD, and WIS strains) were irradiated with a total dose of 20 Gy X-ray given
      in two equal fractions separated by three days. Upon sacrifice at 6 months after
      the last irradiation, the number of intestinal metaplastic crypts with positive
      reaction to alkaline phosphatase (ALP) appeared highest in the SHR and lowest in
      the WIS rats. Morphologically, the number of crypts with intestinal metaplasia in
      whole glandular stomachs of SHR, WIS, F344, and SD rats were higher than those in
      WKY and LEW rats. In the pyloric gland, it was highest in WIS rats, while in the
      fundic gland it was highest in SHR rats. The results show that the appearance and
      location of intestinal metaplasia by X-irradiation are greatly influenced by the
      strain of the rat.

PMID- 3878064
TI  - Identifying children at high somatic risk: parents' long-term emotional
      adjustment to their children's alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency.
AB  - The parents of 61 children at high somatic risk due to alpha 1 antitrypsin
      deficiency (ATD) were followed-up 5-7 years after the identification of the ATD
      and studied regarding their long-term emotional adjustment to the child's ATD.
      This was assessed both by a physician who interviewed the parents in their home
      and independently by a psychologist who systematically scored selected parts of
      the interview transcripts for specified variables. Notable agreement was found in
      the separate assessments performed by these two researchers. At follow-up, 58% of
      the mothers and 44% of the fathers had predominantly negative feelings (worry,
      guilt) about the child's ATD. About half of the mothers and a third of the
      fathers were judged to have poor long-term emotional adjustment. Considerable
      continuity was found in mothers' feelings across the 5-7 years since
      identification of the ATD.

PMID- 3878065
TI  - Incidence and significance of the phenomenon of increased colour contrast
      sensitivity in cases of congenital anomalous trichromasy.

PMID- 3878066
TI  - Congenital extreme anomalous trichromasy.

PMID- 3878067
TI  - Effect of lymphotoxin-like substance (OH-1) on metastatic tumor proliferation.
AB  - The effect of a lymphotoxin-like substance, OH-1, released by human acute
      lymphatic leukemia BALL-1 cells, on metastatic tumor proliferation was
      investigated in BDF1 mice with transplanted Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Mitomycin
      C, cyclophosphamide and adriamycin were used as control agents. The effect of OH
      1 on metastases, as determined by comparison of the numbers of pulmonary nodules
      and by 3H-thymidine labeling indices, was significant. Also, investigation of the
      effect of OH-1 on host immunity showed that, while the control preparations had
      considerable side effects, immunodepression and emaciation were not noted with OH
      1. As to direct cytotoxicity, OH-1 is principally cytostatic in activity and
      effects cell progression delay in both the G1 and G2 phases.

PMID- 3878068
TI  - Immune phenotype and prognosis in chronic B-lymphocytic leukaemia and leukaemic
      immunocytoma.
AB  - Fifty-nine patients with a leukaemic B-lymphocytic malignancy ("CLL") were
      studied. According to the Kiel classification, 29 patients had chronic
      lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and 30 had immunocytoma (IC). Cell surface
      immunoglobulin staining showed mu heavy chain phenotype in 14 patients, mu in 35,
      gamma in 7; in cells from 3 patients the staining was too weak to permit
      identification. The light chain phenotype was kappa in 39 patients, lambda in 17,
      and unidentified in 3. The immunoglobulin isotypes differed between the
      diagnoses. The gamma chain phenotype was found only in IC patients (p less than
      0.02), and more CLL than IC patients showed a lambda chain phenotype (p less than
      0.04). Blood lymphocytes from IC patients contained more T cells than CLL cell
      samples (p less than 0.002). No prognostic difference was found between the CLL
      and IC group. Compared to the lambda phenotype, the kappa phenotype was
      associated with a poorer prognosis in the IC group, but with a better prognosis
      in the CLL group. IC patients with mu phenotype had a poorer prognosis than those
      with gamma phenotype. Low relative T cell numbers were associated with a poor
      survival (p less than 0.01).

PMID- 3878069
TI  - Prevention of reinfarction and sudden death.
AB  - There are many potential approaches to the prevention of reinfarction and sudden
      death, but the proof of benefit as yet is confined to the use of beta
      adrenoceptor blocking drugs and coronary artery bypass surgery. In selected
      cases, aspirin, anticoagulants and antiarrhythmics drugs may prevent one or other
      of these complications, but other categories of drugs, including the calcium
      antagonists, seem at present unsuccessful. Greatest hope for the future lies in
      the development of strategies that limit infarct size.

PMID- 3878070
TI  - Coronary bypass surgery in stable angina pectoris. A randomized study of the
      effects on morbidity, mortality and employment.
AB  - The effects of coronary bypass surgery on morbidity, mortality and employment
      were assessed in a randomized prospective 5-year study. Exercise tolerance showed
      an immediate, striking improvement, which was maintained throughout the follow-up
      period. Corresponding patients treated with medical therapy showed no change.
      More than 40 percent of patients in the surgical group were free from symptoms
      over the five years. The annual mortality of the surgical patients was 0.8
      percent as compared with 4.0 percent in the medical patients (p less than 0.05).
      The annual mortality of the intensively treated medical patients with multivessel
      disease was not significantly higher than the 3.1 percent for a group of patients
      with single-vessel disease followed concomitantly. The rate of work at 5 years
      after bypass surgery was 47 percent as compared with only 18 percent in the
      randomized medically treated group (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that
      coronary bypass surgery reduces morbidity and mortality and improves employment.

PMID- 3878071
TI  - Vitamin D prophylaxis in the elderly: a simple effective method suitable for
      large populations.
AB  - A comparison of two regimens of vitamin D prophylaxis in elderly
      institutionalized subjects has been made. Sixty-six subjects received 2.5mg
      vitamin D2 by mouth in December 1982; a further group of 62 received the same
      dose in December 1982 and again in June 1983. Blood samples have been analysed
      for 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 [25(OH)D2] in 10 subjects from each group over a 12
      month period. The serum 25(OH)D2 was maintained at normal concentrations for most
      of the year in the once-a-year dosage group but at the end of 12 months only 60%
      were fully protected. The twice-per-year regimen offered complete protection
      maintaining the serum 25(OH)D2 above the threshold associated with osteomalacia.
      It is concluded that a twice-yearly regimen of vitamin D supplementation is a
      practical method for prophylaxis in institutionalized elderly people.

PMID- 3878072
TI  - Suppression of the antibody response by phorbol esters in the mouse is due to an
      effect on the nylon wool adherent cell population.
AB  - Phorbol esters, in particular 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), have
      been shown to have profound effects on most biological systems including tumor
      promotion. Presented here are studies on the acute toxic effects of TPA, and the
      effects of phorbol esters on the in vivo and in vitro, T cell-dependent, antigen
      specific antibody response in the mouse. The LD50 of a single i.v. dose of TPA in
      the mouse was 309 micrograms/kg. Acute toxic effects included lethargy,
      hypothermia and enlarged, hemorrhagic spleens at the higher doses. TPA was shown
      to be a potent inhibitor of the in vivo primary antibody response as measured by
      the IgM antibody-forming cell (AFC) response to sheep red blood cells (sRBC). The
      ED50 of a cumulative i.v. dose was 145 micrograms/kg administered the day before
      and the day of immunization (72.5 micrograms/kg/day). A cumulative dose of 500
      micrograms/kg (250 micrograms/kg/day) resulted in a 100% suppression of the
      response. This in vivo exposure to TPA did not alter B cell/T cell ratio in the
      spleen. Phorbol ester analogs inactive in other biological systems were also
      inactive in the in vivo AFC response. The in vitro AFC assay was used to
      determine what cell type was being affected by TPA. Separation of the adherent
      spleen cells into B and T cell populations was done using nylon wool columns and
      anti-theta plus complement treatment. Experiments with these cell populations
      indicated that TPA produced suppression of the response due to an effect on the
      nylon wool adherent cell population.

PMID- 3878073
TI  - Dexamethasone fails to produce antipyretic and analgesic actions in experimental
      animals.
AB  - In order to explore the role of phospholipase A2 inhibition in the mechanisms of
      the action of glucocorticoids, it was investigated whether the steroid exhibits
      the analgesic and antipyretic actions as well as cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors such
      as indomethacin or not. Dexamethasone has been reported to produce the anti
      inflammatory action with a lag time of at least 1 h at doses of up to 0.1 mg/kg
      in mice and rats. However, dexamethasone when given 4 h beforehand had no
      significant analgesic activity even at doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg i.v. in the acetic
      acid writhing test in rats. In mice, the significant reduction in writhes counts
      was seen when dexamethasone (1 and 10 mg/kg i.v.) was given 15 min or 4 h before
      phenylquinone injection; i.e. the activity had not the lag time. On the other
      hand, dexamethasone showed a strong antipyretic activity against both the fevers
      caused by LPS and yeast in rats. In the yeast-febrile rats, the antipyretic
      activity had a lag time of about 1 h, and was dose-related at doses as low as
      0.03 to 0.3 mg/kg i.v.; the steroid markedly reduced the increased PGE2 content
      in the cerebrospinal fluid. The antipyretic activity after local injection into
      the cerebroventricle or the yeast pouch was stronger than that after systemic
      injection into the tail vein, although so large a difference in the activity
      between the dosage routes was not seen, suggesting that the site of the
      antipyretic action is in both the brain and periphery. The antipyretic activity
      of dexamethasone (10 mg/kg i.v.) was not seen in rabbits with fever caused by
      LPS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3878074
TI  - Contrast-enhanced cine computed tomography for diagnosis of right coronary artery
      to coronary sinus arteriovenous fistula.

PMID- 3878075
TI  - Calcium entry blockers: antihypertensive and natriuretic effects in experimental
      animals.
AB  - Hypotensive and natriuretic effects of calcium entry blockers were studied in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs).
      In SHRs, the hypotensive action of diltiazem was enhanced, while that of
      hydralazine was not different from its action in WKYs. Diltiazem, unlike
      hydralazine and nifedipine, did not cause reflex tachycardia in rats. Diltiazem
      and nifedipine caused an increase in urine volume and sodium excretion. The
      natriuretic potency of diltiazem was the same in both SHRs and WKYs and was not
      affected by pretreatment with indomethacin. Diltiazem increased plasma renin
      activity but had no influence on plasma aldosterone concentration. Hydralazine
      increased both plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration and
      decreased sodium excretion. In anesthetized dogs, diltiazem increased sodium
      excretion, glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow. Diltiazem may have a
      direct effect on tubular sodium reabsorption. This assumption was supported by a
      study with short-circuit current of the isolated bullfrog bladder. It is likely
      that diltiazem's effect of increasing urine volume and sodium excretion is due
      mainly to changes in renal hemodynamics and partly to direct action on renal
      tubules. Diltiazem opposed angiotensin II-induced responses, such as renal
      vasoconstriction and reduction of glomerular filtration rate. Under this
      condition, a marked natriuretic effect was observed with both intravenous and
      intraarterial administration of diltiazem. The ability to increase urinary
      excretion of sodium is a desirable characteristic for an antihypertensive agent.
      Calcium entry blockers have this ability and are therefore able to act without
      causing sodium and water retention.

PMID- 3878076
TI  - Activity of transient myocardial ischemia out of hospital in coronary artery
      disease and implications for management.
AB  - The management of patients with angina pectoris is based largely on the severity
      of symptoms, coronary anatomy and left ventricular function. The outcome for
      these patients is highly variable and depends largely on the degree of ischemic
      damage to the left ventricular myocardium. Recent work suggests that exercise
      induced myocardial ischemia with or without angina is associated with a poor
      prognosis. Ambulatory monitoring of the electrocardiogram has revealed that most
      patients have frequent and prolonged episodes of transient ischemia out of
      hospital. These episodes are often asymptomatic and associated with ordinary
      everyday activities. In addition, ambulatory monitoring has demonstrated that
      transient ischemia during daily life has a circadian variation with exacerbations
      and peak density of ischemia in the first 4 to 6 waking hours of the day. Further
      studies have demonstrated that regional decreases in coronary blood flow occur
      during these ischemic episodes and have the same features seen out of hospital on
      continuous monitoring. These newly noted characteristics of transient ischemia
      raise a number of practical questions for treatment. Is it necessary to relieve
      all ischemic activity quite apart from that which occurs with chest pain? Does
      present use of antianginal medication neglect the early morning increases in
      transient ischemia that occur, and are different dosage regimens required to
      treat ischemia adequately? Does suppression of all ischemic activity further
      protect myocardium and improve prognosis for the patient?

PMID- 3878078
TI  - Pseudotumor of the esophagus: an unusual complication of esophageal variceal
      sclerotherapy.
AB  - A case of esophageal pseudotumor most likely due to a submucosal hematoma and
      occurring as a complication of esophageal variceal sclerotherapy is described.
      Resolution occurred spontaneously and did not lead to residual complications such
      as strictures or dysmotility. Continued, uncomplicated chronic sclerotherapy
      resulting in variceal obliteration was possible after the lesion resolved.

PMID- 3878077
TI  - Tumor marker expression in breast carcinomas and relationship to prognosis. An
      immunohistochemical study.
AB  - A collaborative immunohistochemical study was carried out to examine the
      expression and prognostic significance of tumor markers in a retrospective series
      of 233 invasive breast carcinomas. The patterns of tumor marker expression in 94
      patients with short remission duration (recurrence within five years) were
      compared with 50 patients with intermediate (at five to ten years) and 89
      patients with long (no recurrence at ten years or longer) remission durations.
      The antigens examined were carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), human chorionic
      gonadotropin (HCG), placental lactogen, alpha-lactalbumin, and pregnancy-specific
      beta-1 glycoprotein. Carcino-embryonic antigen was the most frequently expressed
      antigen, whereas HCG was demonstrated least frequently. Also, the ABH isoantigen
      status was examined using monoclonal antibodies; isoantigen expression was
      observed in a subset of breast carcinomas, contrary to previous reports of total
      deletion in breast cancer. Two of the markers, CEA and HCG, were examined by both
      laboratories, each with two different antisera and also with both PAP and ABC
      immunohistochemical technics. Meticulous efforts were taken to provide quality
      control and ensure reproducibility of results. These included the use of serial
      sections of duplicate pathologic material by both institutions, standardization
      of experimental conditions and interpretation criteria, double-blind evaluation
      of exchanged slides, and use of standardized data sheets to record staining
      extent and intensity. No significant disagreements were observed between data
      obtained through the different approaches. The steps that were taken to minimize
      interobserver and interinstitutional differences in this study are presented as a
      model for collaborative immunohistochemical studies. The expression of tumor
      markers, alone or in combination, was not found to bear any significant
      relationship to prognostic indicators, such as the likelihood of recurrence,
      interval before recurrence, or presence of metastasis.

PMID- 3878079
TI  - Beta-lactamase inhibition: therapeutic advances. Proceedings of a symposium. Fort
      Lauderdale, Florida, March 22-23, 1985.

PMID- 3878080
TI  - Antibacterial activity of ticarcillin in the presence of clavulanate potassium.
AB  - The antibacterial effects produced by ticarcillin disodium plus clavulanate
      potassium, a combination of the broad-spectrum penicillin ticarcillin, and the
      beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid as the potassium salt, have been
      measured in vitro and in experimental infection studies. The presence of
      clavulanic acid resulted in a significant enhancement of the activity of
      ticarcillin against a wide range of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. These
      included ticarcillin-resistant strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella
      pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, Yersinia enterocolitica, and the
      anaerobe Bacteroides fragilis. In addition, beta-lactamase-producing isolates of
      Hemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and
      Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to ticarcillin and clavulanate. Clavulanic
      acid did not influence the activity of ticarcillin against ticarcillin
      susceptible bacteria. The bactericidal effects of the antibiotic combination were
      measured in an in vitro kinetic model in which the drug concentrations were
      varied to simulate those measured in humans after intravenous dosing with
      ticarcillin (3.0 g) and clavulanate potassium (100 mg clavulanic acid). In these
      tests, ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid had pronounced bactericidal activity
      against ticarcillin-resistant bacteria. The protection of ticarcillin by
      clavulanic acid from inactivation by bacterial beta-lactamases in vivo was
      demonstrated in experimental infection models in which the efficacy of the
      ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid combination against infections caused by beta
      lactamase-producing bacteria was correlated with the presence of effective
      concentrations of both antibiotic and inhibitor at the site of infection.

PMID- 3878081
TI  - Bacterial endophthalmitis associated with vitreous wick after penetrating
      keratoplasty.

PMID- 3878082
TI  - Performance of air traffic control tasks by protanopic color defectives.
AB  - Air traffic controllers perform a number of tasks which involve color
      identification, color discrimination, and color naming. Normal color vision is
      required for air traffic controllers, although the requirement is currently under
      review. The most critical task involving color is the distinction of red and
      black on flight strips; the distinction must be made reliably, quickly, and
      routinely for flight safety. In this study of four protanopes and three normals,
      all the protanopes were unable to make this distinction reliably under the
      lighting levels encountered at air traffic control (ATC) centers, whereas none of
      the normals had any difficulty. Protanopes also made numerous errors with other
      ATC tasks involving color. The use of a red filter, often recommended to aid
      color defectives, actually made performance worse and additionally compounded the
      usual protanopic loss of brightness for red light. When Snellen visual acuity was
      tested using the red filters, protanopes needed up to four times larger letters
      than the color normals. It is concluded that protanopes have inadequate vision
      for safe performance of some current ATC tasks.

PMID- 3878083
TI  - Longitudinal changes in three normal facial types.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the dentofacial
      relationships of three normal facial types (long, average, and short).
      Comparisons of the absolute and incremental changes between 5 years and 25.5
      years of age were made both longitudinally and cross-sectionally. The subjects
      consisted of 20 males and 15 females for whom complete sets of data were
      available for the period of this study. All subjects had clinically acceptable
      occlusion and had not undergone previous orthodontic treatment. Descriptive
      statistics summarized the changes in 48 parameters, including that of height for
      males and females at 5, 10, 15, and 25.5 years of age. Longitudinal comparisons
      of the growth curves evaluated the curve profiles and curve magnitudes for the
      three facial types for both males and females. The analysis of variance was also
      used to compare the absolute and incremental changes at ages 5, 10, 15, and 25.5
      years. The investigation resulted in the following findings. (1) Most persons
      (77%) have been categorized as having the same facial type at 5 and at 25.5 years
      of age. There is a strong tendency to maintain the original facial type with age.
      (2) Comparisons of the growth curves of the different parameters--with the
      exception of the incremental curves for MP:SN and Pog:NB in males--consistently
      demonstrated parallelism of the curves, regardless of the facial type. On the
      other hand, comparisons of curve magnitude indicated significant differences
      among the three facial types. (3) The persons within each facial type expressed a
      relatively large variation in the size and relationships of the various
      dentofacial structures. (4) Significant differences in the dentofacial parameters
      were present between males and females with the same facial type. The differences
      among facial types were not identical in males and females. (5) Longitudinal
      analysis of the data lends more consistent and, therefore, more meaningful
      results than cross-sectional comparisons when facial growth trends need to be
      evaluated. This is because growth changes are often subtle and of magnitudes not
      readily observed when the data are evaluated cross-sectionally. Standards that
      are age-, sex- and facial type-specific are presented.

PMID- 3878084
TI  - Interleukin-1 activation of vascular endothelium. Effects on procoagulant
      activity and leukocyte adhesion.
AB  - Interleukin-1 (IL-1), an inflammatory/immune mediator, acts directly and
      selectively on cultured human vascular endothelial cells to alter two important
      functional properties. First, IL-1 induces endothelial cell biosynthesis and
      surface expression of a tissue factor-like procoagulant activity. Second, IL-1
      dramatically increases the adhesiveness of the endothelial cell surface for human
      peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (6-42-fold increase) and monocytes
      (2-5-fold increase), as well as the related leukocyte cell lines HL-60 and U937.
      These IL-1 effects are concentration-dependent (maximum, 5-10 U/ml), time
      dependent (peak 4-6 hours), and reversible. Cycloheximide and actinomycin D block
      these IL-1 actions on endothelium, which suggests the requirement for de novo
      protein synthesis. Human-monocyte-derived IL-1, cell-line--derived IL-1, and
      recombinant IL-1 exhibited comparable biologic activities in our assays, whereas
      two other mediators, IL-2 and immune interferon, were without effect. IL-1
      stimulated procoagulant activity and leukocyte adhesion in human endothelial
      cells cultured from both umbilical veins and adult saphenous veins but not in
      other cultured cell types, including SV-40-transformed human endothelial cells
      and human dermal fibroblasts. Similar actions of IL-1 on vascular endothelium in
      vivo may contribute to the development of intravascular coagulation and enhanced
      leukocyte--vessel wall adhesion at sites of inflammation.

PMID- 3878085
TI  - Anatomy of the brainstem and the lower cranial nerves, vessels, and surrounding
      structures.
AB  - In this article some results of our investigations on the brainstem, the lower
      cranial nerves, and the nerve-vessel-relations in the posterior cranial fossa are
      reviewed. For comparison, the pertinent findings published by other authors are
      also included. Particular attention has been given to the topographic
      measurements of the canal systems in the petrous bone and the nerve-vessel
      relations in the jugular fossa area.

PMID- 3878086
TI  - Internal auditory canal vascular loops: audiometric and vestibular system
      findings.
AB  - Prominent loops of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery in the
      cerebellopontine angle are found frequently during anatomic studies of this
      region. These vascular loops are suspected of causing hearing loss, tinnitus, and
      vertigo, and surgery has been advocated to separate the vascular loop from the
      eighth cranial nerve. Previous reports have described pathologic anatomy,
      surgical approaches, and results of treatment. In this study, we report the
      results of a uniform battery of audiometric and vestibular system test results
      administered to fifteen patients with prominent vascular loops in the internal
      auditory canal diagnosed by pneumo-CT. All patients were tumor suspects before CT
      because of unilateral (or asymmetric) tinnitus or hearing loss. Hearing losses
      ranged from mild to profound, and most were of a cochlear type with excellent
      speech discrimination. Only one-third of the patients had abnormal caloric tests,
      but spontaneous nystagmus was detected in all but one of the patients by
      photoelectric nystagmography. The wide range of audiometric and vestibular system
      test results probably reflects the complex interaction between the vascular loop
      and eighth cranial nerve, in which the loop exerts pressure on the nerve, and the
      nerve compromises inner ear circulation. Eighth nerve tumors and vascular loops
      produce similar symptoms, but a cochlear type of hearing loss with good speech
      discrimination and normal caloric testing should raise suspicion of a vascular
      loop. Pneumo-CT is an effective means of diagnosing vascular loops and
      differentiating them from other lesions of the cerebellopontine angle.

PMID- 3878087
TI  - Primary CNS tumors presenting as cerebellopontine angle tumors.
AB  - Adult patients with posterior fossa tumors arising from the cerebellum and
      brainstem are reported. In each case the tumor presented as a cerebellopontine
      angle tumor and not as an intra-axial tumor. Tumors of CNS origin are uncommon in
      the posterior fossa in adults, but they may be seen by the otologist if the
      presenting symptoms are audiologic or vestibular. Computed tomography scanning
      will not always distinguish these lesions from the much more common extraaxial
      neurinoma, meningioma, or cholesteatoma. The progression of symptoms is more
      rapid in these patients, and other associated neurologic deficits are more
      common. The auditory brainstem response may demonstrate characteristic
      abnormalities in these patients. The differential diagnosis of these tumors in
      adults is discussed and the recent literature reviewed.

PMID- 3878088
TI  - Mechanisms of nystagmus.
AB  - The slow phases of nystagmus can be divided into four types based on their wave
      forms: linear, exponentially decaying, exponentially increasing, and sinusoidal.
      The former three give risk to "jerk" nystagmus; the last to "pendular" nystagmus.
      The drift of the eyes that creates the slow phase of nystagmus can be analyzed by
      considering the mechanisms that normally hold the eyes still so that images are
      stable upon the retina for best visual acuity. Thus, we have a vestibular
      optokinetic system to keep images of stationary objects stable on the retina
      during head rotation; a pursuit system to keep images of moving objects stable on
      the fovea during smooth trackings; and a gaze-holding network (neural integrator)
      to provide the appropriate tonic innervation to the ocular motor neurons to hold
      positions of gaze. It is disorders of these systems that create nystagmus.

PMID- 3878089
TI  - Vestibulospinal function assessment by moving platform posturography.
AB  - Quantitative methods of vestibulospinal assessment have received increased
      interest over the past decade. With the ability to interact sensory orientation
      references, and systematically study the contributions of the vestibular system,
      diagnostic usefulness of posturography has improved to the extent that useful
      clinical information can be obtained. We review important background studies and
      summarize the clinical application of moving platform posturography for the
      assessment of vestibular deficient patients.

PMID- 3878090
TI  - Facial nerve function in cerebellopontine angle tumor surgery.
AB  - This article evaluates previous reports of facial nerve function after acoustic
      tumor surgery, and reports the results of a series of 144 patients treated
      surgically for cerebellopontine angle tumors. Previous reports have been
      handicapped by lack of an adequate grading system, which makes it difficult to
      compare results of different series. Previous studies provide limited correlation
      of pertinent features of pathology and management. This study correlates both the
      anatomic status of the facial nerve postoperatively with the ultimate outcome,
      and whether or not additional facial nerve surgery was performed, as well as the
      level of facial nerve function with the duration of time elapsed since surgery.
      Findings indicate that, although the long-term likelihood for satisfactory
      recovery of facial function is high, there is also a high likelihood of severe
      facial paralysis at some point during the postoperative course. Emphasis is also
      placed on maximal use of available technology during the process of dissection of
      the nerve from the tumor.

PMID- 3878091
TI  - Electrical stimulation of cochlear nucleus in man.
AB  - Auditory percepts can be produced by electrical stimulation of the cochlear
      nucleus in man. The ability to locate accurately and stimulate selectively the
      cochlear nucleus after removal of an acoustic schwannoma was confirmed in this
      patient. The surgical approach, electrode design, and a discussion of the results
      and concerns of electrical stimulation are reviewed.

PMID- 3878092
TI  - Cochlear implant comparisons.
AB  - The implantation of an electrode into the cochlea of profoundly hearing-impaired
      adults now promises to be a viable alternative for rehabilitation. In this
      article we describe six different kinds of cochlear implants, the single-channel
      devices developed in Los Angeles, Stanford, and Vienna, and the multichannel
      devices developed in Melbourne, San Francisco, and Utah. We then present results
      from our own patients implanted with the Los Angeles, Vienna, and Melbourne
      cochlear implants. All systems provide information about environmental sounds and
      prosody, which can improve lip-reading ability. Only our patients implanted with
      the Melbourne system have been able to recognize words in unknown sentences,
      although others have reported such spectacular performance with single-channel
      devices. We stress the importance of recorded tests, of material that is
      unfamiliar to the patient, and of avoiding multiple presentations of the test
      material.

PMID- 3878093
TI  - Treatable sensorineural hearing loss.
AB  - Sensorineural hearing loss is generally felt to be an untreatable medical
      condition. However, in some cases, prompt diagnosis and treatment of the
      underlying condition may reverse the deafness. This article summarizes various
      treatable forms of sensorineural hearing loss and provides illustrative cases
      histories of patients who have had sensorineural hearing losses that were
      improved by medical or surgical intervention. Patients with reversible
      sensorineural deafness due to inadvertent aminoglycoside over-dosage, congenital
      cholesteatoma, Meniere's syndrome, blood coagulopathy, and perilymphatic fistula
      all had improvements in auditory function after medical or surgical intervention.
      Recent experimental studies on animals may explain the basic mechanisms behind
      hearing loss and recovery. Aminoglycoside ototoxicity appears to have an initial
      reversible step, followed by a permanent process. Early endolymphatic hydrops and
      fistulas may cause mechanical effects in the cochlea which can be corrected.
      Coagulopathy may cause hypoxia which reverses after anticoagulation. These
      observations reveal that animal experiments can be useful in explaining human
      auditory dysfunction of the reversible type.

PMID- 3878094
TI  - Mixed glioma of the cerebellopontine angle.
AB  - A rare case of mixed ependymoma and astrocytoma of the cerebellopontine angle is
      reported. Its clinical presentation, characteristics on evaluation, and prognosis
      are compared with those of the acoustic neuroma and glioma. The central form of
      von Recklinghausen's disease and familial multiple lipomatosis as it applies to
      the patient is also discussed.

PMID- 3878095
TI  - Electronystagmography and vestibulology: past, present, and future.

PMID- 3878096
TI  - Acute abdominal conditions in patients with leukemia.
AB  - Acute abdominal abnormalities are relatively uncommon during the treatment of
      leukemia. Over a 22 1/2 year period, acute abdominal abnormalities were diagnosed
      in 22 of 412 patients (5.3 percent) with acute leukemia and in 9 of 343 patients
      (2.6 percent) with chronic leukemia. Five patients with acute leukemia and two
      patients with chronic leukemia were treated medically, and all died within 1 week
      of diagnosis. Operative mortality decreased from 50 percent during the first half
      of the study period to 12.5 percent during the last half and was not related to
      the preoperative white blood cell count, platelet count, age of the patient, type
      of leukemia, or state of relapse or remission. Postoperative survival averaged 23
      months in the patients with chronic leukemia and 5 months in those with acute
      leukemia, approximating the length of survival of patients with uncomplicated
      acute or chronic leukemia. Indications for operation in patients with leukemia
      are the same as for other patients and should be based on careful physical
      examination.

PMID- 3878097
TI  - Vestibulo-ocular reflexes in peripheral labyrinthine lesions: III. Bilateral
      dysfunction.
AB  - Measurements were made of the lesion-induced changes in vestibulo-ocular reflexes
      (VOR) to rotatory stimuli in a group of patients with bilateral peripheral
      labyrinthine lesions. All the patients had caloric responses that were below the
      confidence levels used for normal responses in our laboratory. Responses to
      rotatory stimuli were greatly decreased or absent at low frequencies of
      stimulation, but present to a much greater degree at the higher frequencies.
      Phase measurements showed an increase in relationship to the velocity of the
      stimulus; there was a corresponding shortening of the time constant as obtained
      from impulse response measurements. A parametric study indicated that the changes
      in the responses can be described by a decrease in the sensitivity coefficient
      and in the basic time constant of a simplified pendulum model equation of
      vestibular function. A theoretical analysis of the data using a new model for the
      organization of the vestibular pathways indicated that the preservation of the
      high-frequency responses was the result of adaptive changes brought about in the
      central vestibular pathways and/or changes in the receptor-neuron transduction
      characteristics. Thus, despite the almost complete absence of any caloric
      response, the vestibular system reflexes remained adequate to maintain gaze
      during normal head movements.

PMID- 3878098
TI  - Immunologically induced salpingitis in rats.
AB  - Eustachian salpingitis was induced with type II collagen in rats. The
      inflammatory reaction spread from the tubal submucous layer toward the
      surrounding tissue. Lymphocytes and plasmacytes were the major cells found in the
      inflammatory infiltrates. Bone resorption with many osteoclasts and mononuclear
      cells infiltrating into the muscle were also observed. These findings suggest
      that an immune response against type II collagen can induce eustachian
      salpingitis.

PMID- 3878099
TI  - Development of vestibular receptor surfaces in human fetuses.
AB  - The development of human vestibular receptors was studied between the 7th and
      14th gestational weeks using scanning electron microscopy. The development phase
      appeared to last longer than previously described. At 7 weeks, no receptors were
      individualized, the vestibular epithelium was plicated, and scarce nascent hair
      bundles could be seen grouped in a small area. At 8 weeks, all receptors were
      well differentiated. Modifications in crista shapes were evaluated qualitatively
      and quantitatively along the length of their profile. Their growth occurred in
      two quick steps with a pause between the 9th and 12th weeks, during which growth
      slowed and a transformation occurred. In the utricle, the epithelium decreased in
      thickness, and this process underwent a pause between the 8th and 11th weeks.
      These results demonstrate pauses in the maturation process of the vestibular
      receptors and show that the utricles develop one week in advance of the cristae.
      At 14 weeks, all receptors had an adult profile, but the cristae had only reached
      55 per cent of their adult size. The ciliary apparatus appeared to be nearly
      mature in the utricle but was still growing in the cristae. The differentiation
      of ciliary tufts in the cristae displayed an apex-base gradient. These
      developmental patterns were compared with those described in the mouse.

PMID- 3878101
TI  - Noninvasive techniques to evaluate the vaso-occlusive manifestations of sickle
      cell disease.
AB  - Although the pathophysiologic manifestations of sickle cell disease have been
      assumed to result from microvascular occlusion consequent to in situ sickling of
      erythrocytes, actual blood vessel obstruction have been rarely demonstrated in
      vivo. Recent observations utilizing sophisticated biophysical techniques to study
      the intracellular hemoglobin S polymerization process has led to major revisions
      in this previously held pathophysiologic paradigm, but in vivo correlations are
      still lacking. With the development of new noninvasive imaging and para-imaging
      methods, it is now technically possible and feasible to characterize both
      regional organ perfusion and tissue biochemistry in quantitative terms. In
      addition, these modalities promise to clarify pathogenesis of the disease through
      definition of the events responsible for the progression from tissue ischemia and
      infarction through the resolution phase. Since these noninvasive techniques are
      amenable to sequential applications, they should facilitate objective evaluations
      of clinical trials of therapeutic agents designed to prevent or delay the vaso
      occlusive manifestations of sickle cell disease.

PMID- 3878100
TI  - Inner ear anomalies in two cases of trisomy 18.
AB  - Two cases of trisomy 18 in which temporal bone defects were limited to the inner
      ears are described. Several abnormalities were present that have not been
      described previously in this syndrome. The first case involved a 1-month-old
      female infant who died of congenital heart defects. Cochlear nerve fibers were
      absent on the left side, with near-normal innervation on the right. Although the
      organ of Corti was present bilaterally, some of the outer hair cells were
      deformed, having small rounded cell bodies unsupported by Deiters' cells. On the
      right, similar abnormal cells were found in the tunnel of Corti. Vestibular
      defects in this case included reduced nerve supply of the left saccular macula,
      cysts in the superior and posterior cristae, and absence of the
      utriculoendolymphatic valve. The second case involved a newborn male infant with
      multiple congenital anomalies. The major cochlear defect was a deformity of the
      stria vascularis. In the lower apical turn, the stria was adherent to Reissner's
      membrane and extended beneath it into scala media. Large capillaries, which ran
      freely suspended in scala vestibuli, entered the upper portion of the stria.
      Severe atresia of the lateral and posterior semicircular ducts was found in the
      vestibular apparatus.

PMID- 3878102
TI  - Respiratory complications following cardiac surgery. The role of microbiology in
      its evaluation.
AB  - Sputum specimens were received for microbiological examination from 110 patients
      following open heart surgery. The isolation of Haemophilus influenzae occurred
      significantly more often in those patients who had pre-existing chest disease,
      but was not associated with postoperative chest problems. There was a significant
      association between pre-operative heart failure and subsequent severe pulmonary
      complications.

PMID- 3878103
TI  - Assessment and modification of pain on induction with propofol (Diprivan).
AB  - Assessment of pain on injection of the emulsified formulation of di
      isopropylphenol (propofol, 'Diprivan') was undertaken in 120 unpremedicated
      patients and comparison made with thiopentone. A high incidence of pain (37.5%)
      was found using dorsal hand veins, but use of forearm veins showed only a 2.5%
      incidence of pain. The use of intravenous lignocaine immediately before propofol
      injection only partially reduced the incidence of pain using dorsal hand veins
      (17.5%). A degree of cardiorespiratory depression accompanied induction but the
      incidence of other side effects was low.

PMID- 3878104
TI  - Assay system for simultaneous measurement of three steroidogenic enzyme
      activities in rat and human testis--effect of human chorionic gonadotropin.
AB  - An assay system that measures the enzymatic activities (17 alpha-hydroxylase,
      17,20-desmolase, and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) in the delta 4 pathway
      of testosterone biosynthesis using rat and human testicular homogenate was
      examined. This system involves the simultaneous separation of the steroid
      intermediates by a three-step TLC procedure. The observed Rf values were 0.78 for
      progesterone (P), 0.59 for 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha-HP), 0.70 for
      androstenedione (A), 0.5 for testosterone, 0.64 for dihydrotestosterone, and 0.45
      for 3 alpha, 17 beta-androstanediol. The identification of these steroid
      intermediates was further accomplished by acetylation and rechromatography of the
      representative samples along with the authentic standards and by
      recrystallization to constant specific activity until three consecutive
      crystallizations were within +/- 5% of the mean value. Incubation time up to 30
      min and increasing protein concentrations showed a linear relationship with
      respect to these three enzymatic activities. The optimum temperature for these
      enzymatic activities varied from 32 to 34 degrees C, with a sharp decline between
      37 and 40 degrees C. The Michaelis constants (Km) for the rat testis homogenate
      samples were 0.17 microM for P, 0.22 microM for 17 alpha-HP, and 2.5 microM for
      A, while for the human testis the Km values were 1.2, 2.2, and 2.3 microM,
      respectively, for these substrates. The concentrations of the endogenous steroid
      substrates present in these homogenate samples did not alter the Km or Vmax
      values. The effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in vitro on these
      steroidogenic enzyme activities was also studied. In the rat testis, 10 IU of hCG
      produced a significant rise in all the three enzyme activities whereas in the
      human testis 10 and 30 IU of hCG showed no significant change in any of these
      enzymatic activities. However, 100 IU of hCG resulted in a significant increase
      in 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-desmolase activities in the human testis. These
      studies suggest that this assay system for the measurement of these enzymatic
      activities using a testicular homogenate sample provides consistent and
      reproducible results. Based on the sensitivities of the measurements and our
      experience with testicular biopsy technique, we conclude that a routine
      testicular biopsy in the human should provide sufficient tissue to run these
      enzymatic assays.

PMID- 3878105
TI  - Topographical studies of lymphocyte localization using an intracellular
      fluorochrome.
AB  - A procedure for analysing the topographical localization in tissue sections or
      whole-organ mounts of lymphocytes labelled with an intracellular DNA-binding
      fluorochrome, Hoechst dye No. 33342, is described. The localization of
      intravenously injected lymphocytes in spleen, popliteal lymph nodes, and Peyer's
      patches was followed up to 7 days. In the case of spleen, both B and T
      lymphocytes initially localised in the marginal zone. Subsequently, B cells
      appeared to exit via the red pulp, while T cells aggregated around vessels in the
      white pulp. In Peyer's patches, B and T lymphocytes localized to different
      lymphoid areas. The advantages and potential applications of this technique are
      discussed.

PMID- 3878106
TI  - Occluso-cranial correlates of attrition in a preliterate population. A cross
      sectional study.
AB  - Evaluation of dental casts of 202 living Lengua Indians from Paraguay finds
      progressive reduction in overjet with age, but no Class III or indication of
      altered relationship of mandible to cranial base.

PMID- 3878107
TI  - An elderly black woman with a painful, "swollen" face.

PMID- 3878108
TI  - Evolution of serum amylase, lipase and immunoreactive trypsin during pancreatitis
      attacks.
AB  - The characteristics of the blood curves of alpha-amylase (SA), pancreatic lipase
      (SL) and immunoreactive trypsin (SIT) have been analyzed in a series of patients
      daily explored throughout the evolution of pancreatitis attacks; urines were also
      collected to estimate the amylase-creatinine clearance ratio (ACCR). The
      following results were obtained. a). The 3 enzymes profiles ran roughly parallel
      during an acute attack. b). SL rose far higher than SA at the onset of the attack
      but its decay displayed a shorter half-life than the latter; these features
      resulted in an absence of systematic difference between their times of return to
      normal levels at the end of the attack. c). SIT more closely correlated with SL
      than with SA. d). In common hospital practice, simultaneous SA and SL
      determinations were proving a more reliable help to diagnose pancreatitis attack
      than ACCR.

PMID- 3878109
TI  - [Bleeding after extracorporeal circulation and epsilon-aminocaproic acid].
AB  - In order to assess the efficacy of epsilon aminocaproic acid in reducing bleeding
      after extracorporeal circulation for aorto-coronary bypass grafting, a double
      blind study was carried out in 57 patients. The efficiency of epsilon
      aminocaproic acid was assessed by the fibrinolytic activity as measured by a Von
      Kaulla test one hour after injection of protamine, by the amount of blood
      transfusions required and by the measurement of blood losses between the end of
      the injection of protamine and transfer of the patient to the intensive care
      unit, and then during the first 24 h following operation. No significant
      difference (p less than 0.05) between the group of treated patients and the group
      with placebo could be found concerning the postoperative bleeding, the amount of
      blood transfusions necessary and the occurrence of fibrinolysis. It was therefore
      concluded that there was no reason to routinely use epsilon aminocaproic acid
      after aorto-coronary bypass grafting.

PMID- 3878110
TI  - Application of the log-linear model in the prediction of the antinuclear antibody
      test in the dog.
AB  - To find possible associations between antinuclear antibody (ANA) pattern, ANA
      titer, and certain clinical changes and clinical laboratory test results in dogs,
      the veterinary medical records of 111 ANA-positive and 126 ANA-negative dogs were
      examined. Variables could not be found that had significant associations with ANA
      pattern (unlike the results in persons), because of the predominance of 2
      patterns. A log-linear model for ANA titer adequately fit the observed frequency
      and included 2-way interactions between titer and polyarthritis, titer and
      hematologic disorders, and polyarthritis and lymphadenopathy.

PMID- 3878111
TI  - Serum antiproteases in smokers and nonsmokers. Relationships to smoking status
      and pulmonary function.
AB  - In this study of 50 relatively young male smokers and an equal number of age- and
      race-matched male nonsmokers, smokers had a 13.3% (p = 0.007) increase in mean
      serum alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-Pl) concentration. This increase in
      serum alpha 1-Pl concentration was accompanied by increases in both the serum
      trypsin inhibitory capacity (TIC) (9.9%, p = 0.002) and the elastase inhibitory
      capacity (EIC) (12.4%, p = 0.001). That cigarette smoking increases serum alpha 1
      Pl concentration and total protease inhibitory capacity was further supported by
      a significant association of alpha 1-PI, TIC, and EIC with increased pack-years
      smoking history, plasma nicotine, and plasma cotinine concentrations. Pulmonary
      function did not correlate with serum alpha 1-PI concentration. However, higher
      serum TIC and EIC did correlate with tests of small airways dysfunction. Highly
      significant correlations (r greater than or equal to 0.6, p = 0.001) were
      observed between TIC (or EIC) and alpha 1-PI concentrations. The linear
      relationships between TIC (or EIC) and serum alpha 1-PI concentration were not
      significantly different in smokers and nonsmokers. Further, no significant
      differential effect of smoking on either the TIC or EIC could be demonstrated. A
      decreased apparent functional activity of alpha 1-PI (i.e., nanomoles of protease
      inhibited per nanomole of alpha 1-PI) was associated with its higher serum
      concentration, a phenomenon observed in both smokers and nonsmokers. Thus,
      although cigarette smoking increases serum alpha 1-PI concentration and total
      protease inhibitory capacity, no evidence was obtained to suggest that the
      functional activity of serum alpha 1-PI (against either trypsin or elastase) was
      directly affected by smoking.

PMID- 3878112
TI  - Pulmonary function in relation to total dust exposure at a bauxite refinery and
      alumina-based chemical products plant.
AB  - A cross-sectional study of 1,142 male employees at the Arkansas Operations of a
      large aluminum production company examined the effect on pulmonary function of
      chronic exposure to total dust produced in the mining and refining of bauxite and
      the production of alumina chemicals. Never smokers, ex-smokers, and current
      smokers were analyzed separately. Among never smokers, a pattern of decreasing
      FEV1 was observed in relation to increasing duration and cumulative total dust
      exposure. Among never smokers with cumulative total dust exposures of greater
      than or equal to 100 mg/m3 yr and greater than or equal to 20 yr of exposure,
      there was a mean reduction from the predicted FEV1 of 0.29 to 0.39 L, in addition
      to a 3- to 4-fold excess of observed/expected numbers of subjects with FEV1 less
      than 80% of predicted. These results were observed relative to an external and an
      internal comparison group. Among current smokers, the deviations from predicted
      and the excess numbers of subjects with FEV1 less than 80% of predicted were
      larger in all exposure groups than for the never smokers. However, the quality of
      the smoking data was inadequate to allow separation of the effects of smoking and
      dust exposure.

PMID- 3878113
TI  - Deoxycoformycin in the treatment of leukemias and lymphomas.
AB  - A new cytotoxic drug, 2'-deoxycoformycin, has been shown to be highly active in
      the treatment of lymphocytic leukemias and lymphomas, particularly T cell acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia, in which the drug, used as a single agent, can induce CRs
      in patients who have failed to respond to a wide variety of other compounds.
      Further work is required to elucidate the cause of the renal failure that has
      occurred in some patients, but prescribed within the dose range of the patients
      reported in this paper, toxicity is acceptable in consideration of the results
      achieved and the prognosis of this highly malignant group of diseases.

PMID- 3878114
TI  - Biochemical consequences of adenosine deaminase inhibition in vivo. Differential
      effects in acute and chronic T cell leukemia.

PMID- 3878115
TI  - The activity of deoxycoformycin (pentostatin) in refractory leukemias and
      lymphomas.

PMID- 3878116
TI  - Inhibition of interleukin-2 messenger RNA in mouse lymphocytes by 2'
      deoxycoformycin and adenosine metabolites.

PMID- 3878117
TI  - Role of nucleoside transport in drug action. The adenosine deaminase inhibitor,
      deoxycoformycin, and the antiplatelet drugs, dipyridamole and dilazep.

PMID- 3878118
TI  - Effects of adenosine deaminase inhibitors on lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis.
AB  - Four compounds that inhibit adenosine deaminase, erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3
      nonyl)adenine, 2'-deoxycoformycin, coformycin, and 9-(1-hydroxy-2-octyl)adenine
      have been studied in an in vitro lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis assay. At low
      concentration (congruent to 10 microM) these agents enhance the activities of a
      number of inhibitory purine nucleosides, including adenosine and 2'
      deoxyadenosine. The LMC-inhibitory activity of Ado but not dAdo is further
      enhanced by 5-iodotubercidin, uridine, 4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2
      imidazolidinone, or L-homocysteine and is antagonized by theophylline. The
      inhibition of LMC by Ado and dAdo is increased by nitrobenzyl-thioinosine.
      Lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis was inhibited by EHNA or HOA alone (IC50 congruent
      to 150 microM), but not by dCF and CF (even at 400 microM). Inhibition of LMC by
      EHNA, HOA, Ado, or dAdo could not be attributed to changes in nucleoside 5'
      triphosphate or S-adenosylhomocysteine levels. Inhibition of LMC by Ado appears
      to be related to increases in lymphocyte cAMP levels, while the mechanism of
      action of dAdo remains obscure. Lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis may be inhibited by
      EHNA and HOA through modulation of cAMP metabolism.

PMID- 3878119
TI  - cDNA and amino acid sequence of human adenosine deaminase.

PMID- 3878120
TI  - Metabolic basis for immune dysfunction in adenosine deaminase deficiency.

PMID- 3878121
TI  - Adenosine deaminase and immune dysfunction. Biochemical correlates defined by
      molecular analysis throughout a disease course.

PMID- 3878122
TI  - Metabolic investigations of horses with severe combined immunodeficiency.

PMID- 3878123
TI  - Investigation of disorders of the anorectum and colon.
AB  - Previously, investigation of disorders of the anorectum and colon have been
      limited to manometric, external anal sphincter muscle electromyographic and
      contrast radiological techniques. In this paper we describe other investigative
      techniques recently developed at St. Mark's Hospital, London and their
      application in the investigation of certain disorders of the anorectum and colon.

PMID- 3878124
TI  - Practical assessment of the NBT-PABA pancreatic function test using high
      performance liquid chromatography determination of p-aminobenzoic acid in urine.
AB  - A practical method for determining p-aminobenzoic acid in urine by high
      performance liquid chromatography has been assessed. The technique is quick,
      requires no extraction steps and has good precision. Using this method, healthy
      individuals had a p-aminobenzoic acid excretion index of 94% +/- 18 (mean +/- 1
      SD). Patients with proven, severe chronic exocrine pancreatic dysfunction had
      index values of less than 5-25%. Unlike chemical methods available, there were no
      interferences in any of the urines tested, nor did 12 compounds tested interfere
      with the analysis.

PMID- 3878125
TI  - Smoking and the development of progressive airflow obstruction.
AB  - An overall relation between cigarette smoking and the development of progressive
      airflow obstruction is established but only a minority of smokers ever develop
      severe airway narrowing; with the striking but rare exception of homozygous alpha
      1-antitrypsin deficiency, the causes of this variation in susceptibility between
      smokers are uncertain. Possible associated risk factors may be classified under
      three broad headings--exogenous irritants, broncho-pulmonary infections and
      endogenous or 'host' factors--and will be briefly reviewed in this paper. But
      first the natural history of progressive airflow obstruction must be considered
      because this determines how potential risk factors can be assessed.

PMID- 3878126
TI  - Alpha-1 antitrypsin phenotypes in demyelinating disease: an association between
      demyelinating disease and the allele PiM3.
AB  - Alpha-1 Antitrypsin, the major circulating protease inhibitor, has more than
      thirty alleles that can be identified by electrophoresis. In addition to its role
      as a protease inhibitor, alpha-1 antitrypsin may regulate the immune response. As
      there is evidence that both the inflammatory polyneuropathies and multiple
      sclerosis have an immune basis, and that genetic factors influence
      susceptibility, we have determined the alpha-1 antitrypsin phenotypes (protease
      inhibitor types) of 63 patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome, 52 patients with
      chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and 178 patients with multiple
      sclerosis. In all 3 groups there was a significant increase in the proportion of
      patients with the protease inhibitor type M3 allele.

PMID- 3878127
TI  - Role of an altered penicillin-binding protein in methicillin- and cephem
      resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - About 80% of methicillin- and cefazolin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus
      aureus isolated clinically in Japan in 1982 retained their resistance even after
      elimination of penicillinase-encoding plasmids. The penicillin-binding proteins
      (PBPs) of the penicillinase-free, methicillin- and cephem-resistant subclones of
      Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were compared with those of spontaneous susceptible
      revertants which had been obtained by the replica method after 10 subcultures in
      drug-free media. A new PBP fraction (PBP2') having a molecular weight of 78,000
      and low binding affinities for various beta-lactam antibiotics was found in MRSA
      exclusively. The levels of resistance of MRSA strains were reduced markedly by
      culturing them at 43 degrees C or at pH 5.2 or both. We found that the binding
      capacity of PBP2' for 14C-labeled penicillin G was decreased by preincubation of
      the membrane fractions of MRSA strains at 43 degrees C for 60 min and that the
      amount of PBP2' in MRSA strains grown at pH 5.2 was less than that the amount of
      PBP2' in MRSA strains grown at pH 7.0. Temperature- and pH-dependent expression
      of resistance in MRSA is likely to reflect the temperature sensitivity and
      neutral pH-dependent production of the specific PBP fraction (PBP2'). We suggest
      that MRSA strains can grow in the presence of beta-lactam antibiotics because of
      the low affinities of the specific PBP2' fraction for various beta-lactam
      antibiotics.

PMID- 3878128
TI  - Influence of four modes of administration on penetration of aztreonam,
      cefuroxime, and ampicillin into interstitial fluid and fibrin clots and on in
      vivo efficacy against Haemophilus influenzae.
AB  - The extravascular penetration and bactericidal activity of aztreonam, cefuroxime,
      and ampicillin against beta-lactamase-positive and -negative Haemophilus
      influenzae strains were compared in a rabbit model. All groups of animals
      received an identical total dose of 100 mg of either antibiotic per kg given by
      four different intravenous modes of administration including a single large
      injection, four intermittent injections, a continuous infusion, and an injection
      followed by an infusion. Aztreonam had a higher degree of penetration in
      interstitial fluid and fibrin clots and was the most effective agent against beta
      lactamase-positive and -negative H. influenzae. A single large injection of
      either drug resulted in significantly higher peak levels and higher initial area
      under the curves of concentrations of drugs in serum, the interstitial fluid, and
      fibrin clots than those by other modes of administration. Continuous infusions of
      antibiotics resulted in poor in vivo bactericidal activity. Other modes of
      administration exhibited good antibacterial activity within the first 6 h of the
      study. Thereafter, a single large injection of aztreonam resulted in a much more
      rapid killing of H. influenzae than that by injection of the other drugs.
      Aztreonam and cefuroxime showed good in vivo stability to beta-lactamase produced
      by H. influenzae while ampicillin was rapidly hydrolyzed in vivo.

PMID- 3878129
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and bactericidal activity of cefuroxime axetil.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime axetil were studied in 10 adult volunteers
      aged 24 to 31 years (mean age, 27), 22 infants and children aged 11 to 68 months
      (mean age, 33 months), and 11 children aged 7 years, 7 months to 12 years, 3
      months (mean age, 11 years, 1 month). Mean peak plasma concentrations of
      cefuroxime occurred between 90 and 120 min in all study patients and were
      independent of the fasting or feeding status. The areas under the concentration
      time curves were significantly higher in adult volunteers who received cefuroxime
      axetil with milk than in those who received the drug while fasting or with
      applesauce. The bioavailability of cefuroxime axetil was significantly enhanced
      in children by the concomitant ingestion of cefuroxime axetil and infant formula
      or whole milk. The areas under the concentration-time curves were 25 to 88%
      higher when cefuroxime axetil and milk were administered simultaneously than when
      the same dose was given to all fasting patients. The plasma bactericidal
      activities of cefuroxime against beta-lactamase-positive and -negative strains of
      Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus at the time of peak plasma
      concentrations were independent of feeding status and were similar in adults and
      in children. Against these strains, 52% of the children and 38% of the adults had
      peak bactericidal levels of 1:8 or greater.

PMID- 3878130
TI  - Sternal wound complications. Nursing care for coronary surgery patients.

PMID- 3878131
TI  - Posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus in newborn infants.

PMID- 3878132
TI  - [Herpes genitalis].

PMID- 3878133
TI  - Repeated endoscopic sclerotherapy for active variceal bleeding.
AB  - Emergency endoscopic sclerotherapy (EEST) during continued moderate to severe
      bleeding was carried out using a flexible endoscope and absolute alcohol as a
      sclerosant in 38 patients with variceal bleeding. Portal hypertension was due to
      cirrhosis in 27, noncirrhotic portal fibrosis in eight, extrahepatic obstruction
      in two, and Budd-Chiari Syndrome in one patient. A technically adequate EEST
      could be carried out in 36 (95%) patients, with successful control of variceal
      bleeding in 35 (92%). Thirty-one episodes of rebleeding occurred in 12 (31.6%)
      patients. Twenty-nine (93.5%) of these episodes could be controlled with repeated
      EEST, giving an overall success of 87%. The new approach of repeating
      sclerotherapy on every rebleeding episode up to a maximum of three course within
      24 hours, use of a wide bore injector, and certain other technical innovations
      were found safe and effective. The mean (+/- SD) amount of alcohol injected per
      patient was 9.23 +/- 3.3 ml and the mean (+/- SD) number of injections needed per
      patient were 6.0 +/- 3.07. Complications were minor, transient, and similar to
      conventional sclerotherapy. There were three deaths, two due to massive
      rebleeding and one due to hepatic encephalopathy. It can be concluded that EEST
      is technically feasible during active variceal bleeding and is an effective and
      relatively safe procedure. It can serve as the first line treatment in this group
      of patients.

PMID- 3878134
TI  - Stroke following coronary artery bypass grafting: a ten-year study.
AB  - To identify possible risk factors for the occurrence of stroke during coronary
      artery bypass grafting (CABG), the cases of 3,279 consecutive patients having
      isolated CABG from 1974 to 1983 were reviewed. During this period, the risk of
      death fell from 3.9% to 2.6%. The stroke rate, however, fell initially but then
      rose from 0.57% in 1979 to 2.4% in 1983. Adjustment of these data for age clearly
      demonstrated that the risk of stroke has increased largely because of an increase
      in the mean age of patients undergoing CABG procedures. A case-control study
      involving all 56 stroke victims and 112 control patients was used to identify
      those risk factors significantly associated with the development of stroke in
      univariate analysis: increased age (63 versus 57 years in stroke patients and
      controls, respectively; p less than 0.0001); preexisting cerebrovascular disease
      (20% versus 8%; p less than 0.03); severe atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta
      (14% versus 3%; p less than 0.005); protracted cardiopulmonary bypass time (122
      minutes versus 105 minutes; p less than 0.005); and severe perioperative
      hypotension (23% versus 4%; p less than 0.0001). Other variables not found to
      correlate with postoperative stroke included previous myocardial infarction,
      hypertension, diabetes mellitus, lower extremity vascular disease, preoperative
      left ventricular function, and intraoperative perfusion techniques. Elderly
      patients who have preexisting cerebrovascular disease or severe atherosclerosis
      of the ascending aorta or who require extensive revascularization procedures have
      a significantly increased risk of postoperative stroke.

PMID- 3878135
TI  - Autoimmunity and normal immune functions in aged humans.
AB  - The high frequency of ANA, A-LDL and RF in advanced age suggests that AABs are
      present in the majority of aged subjects. CIC incidence determined by three
      methods is far below AAB incidence; only the Clq solubility test suggests an
      increased CIC incidence in aged as compared to young subjects. Simultaneous
      occurrence of AABs of different specificities or CIC determined by two or three
      methods is rare and both AAB and CIC levels are usually low. AAB prevalence in
      CIC-positive individuals seems to depend on the specificity of the AAB. CIC
      positivity is associated with relatively low Clq concentrations; however, usually
      not with Clq concentrations below the normal range. Neither ANA nor CIC
      positivity seems to correlate with DNA synthetic response to PHA, but ANA
      positivity may be associated with low responses to allogeneic cells. ANA
      positivity and, to a lesser extent, CIC positivity seems to be connected with
      enhanced killer cell activity. The concept of some AABs and CIC as autoregulatory
      factors of the humoral immune system compensating for the thymus-dependent
      regulation in old age is stressed.

PMID- 3878137
TI  - [Electrocutions in the bathtub (Hamburg 1971-1983)].

PMID- 3878136
TI  - Pentamidine treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome. Association with acute renal failure and
      myoglobinuria.
AB  - A 31-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and biopsy-proved
      Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed acute renal failure, elevated creatinine
      kinase levels, and myoglobin in both serum and urine while being treated with
      pentamidine. The patient was receiving no other nephrotoxic medications at the
      time, and these unusual complications were directly related to the pentamidine.

PMID- 3878138
TI  - [Acid alpha-naphthylacetate esterase in the blood lymphocytes of cattle and sheep
      -a marker for T cells].

PMID- 3878140
TI  - [Reticulohistiocytoses in children. Nosology].

PMID- 3878139
TI  - [Spina ventosa, a historic disease].
AB  - We report a case of tuberculous dactylitis--spina ventosa--in a 5 year-old girl
      from a French upper class family. Being today an unusual affection, the diagnosis
      of spina ventosa can be missed. Symptoms and means of diagnosis are reviewed.

PMID- 3878141
TI  - Clonal evolution of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia to a T-large-cell lymphoma. A
      morphologic and immunologic study.
AB  - We describe a patient with T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia who developed a large
      cell lymphoma of the T-cell type. The neoplastic cells of the large-cell lymphoma
      demonstrated the same immunologic phenotype (ER+, Leu-3+, Leu-2-, and HLA ABC+)
      as the cells of the prolymphocytic leukemia, which indicated a clonal evolution
      of a T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia into a large-cell lymphoma of the T-cell
      phenotype.

PMID- 3878142
TI  - Adrenal myelolipoma in a woman with congenital 17-hydroxylase deficiency.
AB  - A case of adrenal myelolipoma, which to our knowledge is the first case to be
      associated with 17-hydroxylase deficiency, is reported. This rare, benign lesion
      is known to occur in association with other endocrinopathies. Discussion focuses
      on the possible role of continued stimulation by corticotropin and/or steroids as
      pathogenic factors. The present case adds evidence supporting this view.

PMID- 3878143
TI  - Androgen directs apparent cytoplasmic and nuclear distribution of rat
      cardiovascular androgen receptors.
AB  - We used either the synthetic androgen R1881 (methyltrienolone) or 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT) to characterize androgen receptors in rat
      aortic and myocardial cytoplasmic and nuclear preparations. Relative steroid
      specificity studies established that only androgens were effective inhibitors of
      R1881 (cytoplasmic) or 5 alpha-DHT (nuclear) binding to aortic and myocardial
      androgen receptors, whereas estrogens, progestins, and cortisol were ineffective
      inhibitors. Low ionic strength sucrose density gradient centrifugation analyses
      showed that androgen receptors in aortic and myocardial cytoplasmic preparations
      migrated as macromolecules with sedimentation coefficients of 8 to 9S, whereas
      androgen receptors in aortic and myocardial nuclear preparations migrated as
      macromolecules with sedimentation coefficients of 4 to 5S (high ionic strength
      buffer). Saturation analyses established that aortic and myocardial cytoplasmic
      preparations from intact, untreated young mature female rats contained 45.8 +/-
      9.7 (mean +/- SD) and 63.3 +/- 20.7 fmol androgen receptor/mg DNA, respectively.
      The respective R1881 dissociation constants were 0.60 and 0.32 nM. Androgen
      receptors could not be demonstrated in nuclear preparations from the
      cardiovasculature of intact females. Testosterone injection of intact young
      mature female rats caused apparent depletion of androgen receptors in aortic and
      myocardial cytoplasmic preparations and resulted in concomitant appearance of
      57.1 +/- 22.2 and 52.3 +/- 21.5 fmol receptor/mg DNA in the corresponding nuclear
      preparations. The respective 5 alpha-DHT dissociation constants were 4.46 and
      1.63 nM. The ability of testosterone to affect apparent intracellular
      distribution of cardiovascular androgen receptors suggests that the receptors are
      physiologically functional and indicates that androgen may directly regulate
      cardiovascular cell function.

PMID- 3878144
TI  - Transforming growth factor is a potent stimulator of testicular ornithine
      decarboxylase in immature mouse.
AB  - Administration of transforming growth factor, type alpha (TGF-alpha), to eight
      day old mice resulted in 22 fold increase of testicular ornithine decarboxylase
      activity. Two to seven fold increases of enzyme activities by TGF-alpha were also
      observed in intestine, kidney, spleen, liver, and heart. The maximal enzymatic
      responses were reached 2-4 h after TGF-alpha administration in vivo. The
      induction of tissue ornithine decarboxylase activity was accompanied by an
      increase in new protein synthesis. These effects were found to be comparable to
      those in littermates administered with mouse epidermal growth factor but were
      significantly more pronounced than with bovine growth hormone. Daily
      administration of TGF-alpha to newborn mice also produced a 1.8 fold increase of
      testicular weight after 14 days. The present studies therefore show that TGF
      alpha is an epidermal growth factor-like mitogen and is likely to be important
      for the testicular development of immature animal.

PMID- 3878145
TI  - A cytotoxic effect associated with 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)-guanine is
      observed during the selection for drug resistant human cells containing a single
      herpesvirus thymidine kinase gene.
AB  - A cytotoxic effect associated with 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)-guanine
      (DHPG) was discovered while searching for spontaneous mutations in a single copy,
      integrated HSV-1 thymidine kinase (TK) gene in the human 143 TK- cell line. It
      was found that spontaneous DHPGR mutations could not be selected while other anti
      TK drugs resulted in selectable mutation frequencies of 10(-4) to 10(-3). When
      143 TK- cells were mixed with these HSV-1 TK+ cells and subjected to DHPG, a 90%
      to 100% decrease in recoverable TK- colonies was observed. In addition, the media
      from the HSV-1 TK+ cells metabolizing DHPG was shown to inhibit the growth of the
      TK- cells.

PMID- 3878146
TI  - Oral ethanol reinforcement: interactive effects of amphetamine, pimozide and food
      restriction.
AB  - Twelve male Long Evans rats, trained to lever press using 10% (v/v) oral ethanol
      reinforcement, were maintained with ad lib access to food and water in the home
      cage. After stabilization of responding, the rats were randomly divided into two
      groups: Group P received pimozide (PIM) injections (0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg) and Group A
      received d-amphetamine (DEX) injections (0.05 to 0.5 mg/kg). Following the
      sequence of either PIM or Dex injections, all rats were given four different
      combinations of PIM + DEX injections. The lower doses of amphetamine did not
      affect responding, but 0.5 mg/kg significantly reduced responding. All PIM doses
      except the lowest reduced responding. The combined PIM + DEX doses all reduced
      responding, in some cases further than either constituent dose alone. Next, all
      rats were reduced to 80% of their free feeding weights by food restriction, and
      tested with 0.25 mg/kg DEX, 0.1 mg/kg PIM, and 0.1 PIM + 0.25 DEX. As a result of
      food restriction, baseline responding increased significantly. The 0.25 mg/kg DEX
      dose tended to increase responding even above this baseline increase, while both
      PIM and PIM + DEX reduced responding.

PMID- 3878147
TI  - Evidence to show MHC-linked factors other than HLA-B27 governing susceptibility
      to spondylo-arthropathies in Asian Indians.
AB  - The HLA antigen profile of 129 North Indian patients with ankylosing spondylitis,
      66 patients with Reiter's syndrome and 57 patients with 'unclassifiable'
      arthritis was compared with 380 normal, healthy controls. Besides B27 which
      appeared with a significantly increased frequency in the three patient groups,
      other HLA antigens, viz. A2 and B35, showed deviated frequencies. The HLA
      supratype A2, B27 was found to be at an elevated frequency in patients with
      ankylosing spondylitis and unclassifiable arthritis whereas the B35, B27
      combination showed a decreased frequency in our Reiter's syndrome sample. These
      data suggest that besides B27, other HLA-linked factors influence susceptibility
      to spondylitic disorders and might act as 'modifier' genes for the type and
      severity of spondylo-arthropathy in a B27-positive individual.

PMID- 3878148
TI  - Steroid hormone regulation of prostatic acid phosphatase expression in cultured
      human prostatic carcinoma cells.
AB  - We have investigated the modulation of prostatic acid phosphatase expression in
      the human prostatic cancer cell line LNCaP in response to the natural androgens
      testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, the female sex steroid estradiol and the
      synthetic androgen R1881 (methyltrienolone). Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone
      at 1 microgram/ml enhance the acid phosphatase synthesis by a factor of 3.5,
      while a hundred-fold lower concentration of the synthetic androgen R1881 induces
      an almost five-fold increase in the expression of this enzyme. The stimulation by
      all androgens tested and estradiol was dose-dependent. The synthetic
      glucocorticoid triamcinolone acetonide does not modulate the prostatic acid
      phosphatase expression in LNCaP cells, neither alone nor in combination with
      R1881.

PMID- 3878149
TI  - [The use of human fibrin glue in microanastomoses of the femoral artery and vein
      of the rat].

PMID- 3878151
TI  - [Brain tissue damage in congenital hydrocephalus of the inbred rat, LEW/Jms-
      intracerebral cavity formation].
AB  - Brain tissue damage in congenital hydrocephalic rat (LEW/Jms) was studied in the
      aspects of the hydrocephalic brain edema and the changes of the vascular
      apparatus. The characteristic findings in this study were the changes of the
      small blood vessels and the intracerebral cavity formation. In the acute stage of
      hydrocephalus (2 to 5 days after birth), spongy appearance and necrosis of the
      brain edema were observed in the periventricular white matter. The stenotic or
      obstructive vascular changes were located in connection with the hydrocephalic
      brain tissue. In this stage, the intracerebral cavity was formed particularly in
      the periventricular edematous white matter resulting in a thinning of the
      occipital lobes. In the late stage of hydrocephalus (9 to 15 days after birth),
      the lateral ventricles were severely dilated, and a markedly dilatated
      intracerebral cavity was observed in the periventricular white matter. The
      edematous area was observed adjacent to the dilated lateral ventricles or the
      intracerebral cavity. In the late stage, the number of small vessels filled with
      carbon black decreased in the area of the CSF edema when compared to the acute
      stage, and many obstructive blood vessels were observed in the same area.
      Moreover, dilatated blood vessels without carbon black were observed in the
      border zone between the normal and the edematous area adjacent to the
      intracerebral cavity. These vascular changes may occur by the accumulation of the
      CSF as well as the mechanical compression, and consequently lead to the
      microcirculatory disturbance. These microcirculatory disturbances may contribute
      to the intracerebral cavity formation with the accumulation of the CSF in the
      extracellular space.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3878150
TI  - [Experimental evaluation of the reinforcement effect of fibrin glue on intestinal
      anastomosis with an original in vivo method].

PMID- 3878152
TI  - Effects of myocardial revascularisation in patients with effort angina and those
      with effort and nocturnal angina.
AB  - The effects of coronary artery bypass graft operation were studied in 32 patients
      with daytime ambulatory ST segment changes and 14 patients with daytime and
      nocturnal angina and ST segment changes. Patients had ambulatory ST segment
      monitoring and exercise testing before and after operation and coronary
      arteriography was repeated in 34 patients after operation. Before operation,
      patients with daytime and nocturnal ischaemia tended to have more severe coronary
      artery disease, lower exercise tolerance, and more frequent ambulatory ST segment
      changes than those who had daytime ST segment changes only. After operation chest
      pain recurred in 22% of patients and ST segment depression during exercise
      testing or ambulatory ST segment monitoring recurred in 37% of the patients and
      was significantly more frequent in those with nocturnal ischaemia than in those
      with daytime ischaemia. Graft patency rates were similar in patients with and
      those without recurrence of ischaemia. After operation the frequency and
      magnitude of ST segment changes and exercise duration were improved in patients
      with preoperative daytime angina and also in those with daytime and nocturnal
      angina. The improvement was more pronounced in the latter groups. Thus, absence
      of postoperative angina is not a reliable indicator of the absence of reversible
      myocardial ischaemia. After revascularisation, patients with rest and nocturnal
      angina can expect relief from ischaemia, and if this recurs postoperatively, the
      threshold is improved and pain usually occurs only on exertion.

PMID- 3878153
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of mefloquine in man: lack of effect of mefloquine on
      antipyrine metabolism.
AB  - A method is described for the determination of the new antimalarial agent,
      mefloquine, in plasma and urine. After oral administration of 750 mg mefloquine
      to six volunteers, absorption, was apparently slow, with plasma mefloquine
      concentrations at 24 h (559 +/- 181 ng ml-1; mean +/- s.d.) higher than at 6 h
      (459 +/- 166 ng ml-1). The elimination half-life was 373 +/- 249 h, oral
      clearance was 5.09 +/- 2.7 1 h-1, and apparent volume of distribution was 35.7 +/
      30.7 l kg-1 (assuming 100% bioavailability). Mefloquine (750 mg) had no
      significant effect on salivary kinetics of antipyrine or on the metabolic
      clearance of antipyrine to its three main metabolites, 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine,
      4-hydroxyantipyrine and norantipyrine, when antipyrine was administered either 2
      h or 2 weeks after dosing with mefloquine.

PMID- 3878155
TI  - Neurovascular hamartoma in a Meckel's diverticulum.

PMID- 3878154
TI  - Cotrimoxazole as an inhibitor of oxidative drug metabolism: effects of
      trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole separately and combined on tolbutamide
      disposition.
AB  - The effect of separate pretreatments with cotrimoxazole, sulphamethoxazole and
      trimethoprim on the disposition of tolbutamide was studied in seven healthy
      males. Tolbutamide 500 mg intravenously was administered on four separate
      occasions--as a control without pretreatment and on the seventh day of separate
      twice daily administration of cotrimoxazole (sulphamethoxazole 800 mg plus
      trimethoprim 160 mg) (ST phase), sulphamethoxazole 1 g (S phase) and trimethoprim
      150 mg (T phase). Tolbutamide total and unbound plasma clearance (CL) were
      reduced following each of the individual pretreatments compared to the control
      phase (P less than 0.001). For unbound CL the reductions were 14% in the S and T
      phases and 25% in ST phase. Tolbutamide elimination half-life was prolonged
      following each pretreatment (P less than 0.001) by 20% in the S phase, 19% in the
      T phase and 30% in the ST phase. Tolbutamide total steady-state volume of
      distribution (VSS) was increased by 10% in the S and ST phases (P less than
      0.01), the increase being accounted for by an increase in tolbutamide unbound
      fraction. There was no change in tolbutamide unbound VSS following any of the
      pretreatments. These results are consistent with inhibition of tolbutamide
      oxidation by cotrimoxazole, an additive effect of the two components
      sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim. Sulphamethoxazole also reduces tolbutamide
      plasma protein binding.

PMID- 3878157
TI  - Subunit interactions of class I histocompatibility antigens.
AB  - The kinetics of dissociation of iodinated beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) from the
      papain-solubilized class I histocompatibility antigen HLA-B7 have been
      investigated. In the presence of unlabeled beta 2m, most of the HLA dissociates
      according to a single rate constant, whereas in the absence of unlabeled beta 2m,
      the system approaches an equilibrium dependent upon the initial HLA
      concentration. When iodinated beta 2m is incubated with unlabeled HLA-B7, the
      rate of incorporation of beta 2m into the complex is much less dependent on the
      concentration than is expected for a simple association/dissociation system;
      instead, the system behaves as if the "activity" (in a thermodynamic sense) of
      the HLA heavy-chain intermediate cannot surpass a critical concentration. The
      dissociation rate for each class I specificity is a function of temperature,
      ionic strength, pH, and the status of the heavy chain (papain solubilized vs.
      detergent solubilized). High temperature, high ionic strength, and extremes of pH
      promote dissociation. The intact molecule dissociates about 10 times more slowly
      than the papain-solubilized molecule. In contrast, the rate of dissociation of
      all papain-solubilized class I antigens tested falls within the range of about a
      factor of 2. The presence of the carbohydrate has no effect on the rate of
      dissociation. The possibility that HLA class I antigen dissociation may occur in
      vivo within acidic internal vesicles is discussed.

PMID- 3878156
TI  - Respiratory effects of borax dust.
AB  - The relation of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, and abnormalities of
      chest radiographs to estimated exposures of borax dust has been investigated in a
      cross sectional study of 629 actively employed borax workers. Ninety three per
      cent of the eligible workers participated in the study and exposures ranged from
      1.1 mg/m3 to 14.6 mg/m3. Symptoms of acute respiratory irritation such as dryness
      of the mouth, nose, or throat, dry cough, nose bleeds, sore throat, productive
      cough, shortness of breath, and chest tightness were related to exposures of 4.0
      mg/m3 or more, and were infrequent at exposures of 1.1 mg/m3. Symptoms of
      persistent respiratory irritation meeting the definition of chronic simple
      bronchitis were related to exposure among non-smokers. Decrements in the FEV1 as
      a percentage of predicted were seen among smokers who had heavy cumulative borax
      exposures (greater than or equal to 80 mg/m3 years) but were not seen among less
      exposed smokers or among non-smokers. Radiographic abnormalities were uncommon
      and were not related to dust exposure. Borax dust appears to act as a simple
      respiratory irritant and perhaps causes small changes in the FEV1 among smokers
      who are heavily exposed.

PMID- 3878158
TI  - Cross-linking of actin to myosin subfragment 1 in the presence of nucleotides.
AB  - Chemical cross-linking of actin to the 20K and 50K fragments of tryptically
      cleaved myosin subfragment 1 (S-1) by the zero-length cross-linking reagent 1
      ethyl-3-[3-dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide (EDC) was used as a probe of the
      acto-S-1 interface in the presence of nucleotides. The course of the two
      reactions was monitored by measuring on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)
      polyacrylamide gels the time-dependent formation of the 20K-actin and 50K-actin
      cross-linked products. Both reactions were inhibited somewhat in the presence of
      MgADP, were slowed 3-4-fold in the presence of magnesium 5'-adenylyl
      imidodiphosphate (MgAMPPNP), and proceeded at least 7-fold slower with N,N'-p
      phenylenedimaleimide (pPDM) modified S-1, as compared to the respective rates in
      the absence of nucleotides. However, neither the binding of the nucleotides MgADP
      and MgAMPPNP to S-1 nor the modification of S-1 by pPDM significantly changed the
      ratio of the cross-linking rates of actin to the 20K and 50K fragments. Similar
      to what was previously observed in the absence of nucleotides [Chen, T.,
      Applegate, D., & Reisler, E. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 137-144], actin was cross
      linked at an approximately 3-fold faster rate to the 20K fragment than to the 50K
      fragment under all reaction conditions tested. Thus, irrespective of the extent
      of acto-S-1 dissociation or the binding of nucleotides to acto-S-1, the 20K
      fragment remains the preferred cross-linking site for actin. These results show
      that the interaction of actin with each of the cross-linking sites on S-1 is not
      under selective or preferential control by nucleotides.

PMID- 3878159
TI  - Critical dependence of calcium-activated force on width in highly compressed
      skinned fibers of the frog.
AB  - Force development by skinned frog semitendinosus fibers was studied at various
      levels of lateral compression to compare the results with intact fibers and to
      evaluate the limits on cross-bridge movements during isometric contraction. The
      skinned fibers were compressed osmotically using a high molecular weight polymer,
      dextran T500. Ca-activated force remained constant down to 58% of the fiber width
      (w0) after skinning, corresponding to a nearly twofold change in separation
      between the thin and thick filaments in the myofilament lattice. This agrees with
      the earlier result on intact fibers, and gives additional evidence that the cross
      bridge mechanism for force generation is relatively insensitive to large changes
      in interfilament separation. Further compression, below 0.58 w0, produced a sharp
      drop in force, and the force was practically zero at a fiber width of 50%. The
      effect at high compression was the same at all pCa's, which indicates that the Ca
      sensitivity of the myofilaments is unaffected by radial compression. The
      stiffness of the fiber remained high in rigor in the presence of dextran, which
      indicates that the rigor cross-bridge attachment is not inhibited, and actually
      may be improved, with decreases in the interfilament space. Also, the drop in
      active force with the highest compression was similar when the compressed fibers
      were put in rigor before contraction, which suggests that the force drop also was
      not due to a hindrance to cross-bridge attachment. The results appear to exclude
      large motions such as tilting and rocking of the bridge as a rigid molecule, but
      suggest that at least some molecular movement is essential for force development;
      they also raise the possibility that there is a critical interfilament separation
      in the fiber, below which the cross-bridge cannot function.

PMID- 3878161
TI  - [Effect of the C1q subcomponent of complement on thrombocyte adhesion and
      spreading].
AB  - In vitro experiments have shown that C1q at a concentration of 8-250 mkg/ml
      produced a 1.5-2-fold increase in platelet adhesion to glass. Low doses (4-60
      mkg/ml) enhanced platelet splitting 2-3-fold. C1q did not cause platelet
      aggregation or change ADP-, adrenalin- and thrombin-induced aggregation. C1q
      participation in the induction of immune response is suggested.

PMID- 3878160
TI  - The effects of ADP and phosphate on the contraction of muscle fibers.
AB  - The products of MgATP hydrolysis bind to the nucleotide site of myosin and thus
      may be expected to inhibit the contraction of muscle fibers. We measured the
      effects of phosphate and MgADP on the isometric tensions and isotonic contraction
      velocities of glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle at 10 degrees C. Addition of
      phosphate decreased isometric force but did not affect the maximum velocity of
      shortening. To characterize the effects of ADP on fiber contractions, force
      velocity curves were measured for fibers bathed in media containing various
      concentrations of MgATP (1.5-4 mM) and various concentrations of MgADP (1-4 mM).
      As the [MgADP]/[MgATP] ratio in the fiber increases, the maximum velocity
      achieved by the fiber decreases while the isometric tension increases. The
      inhibition of fiber velocities and the potentiation of fiber tension by MgADP is
      not altered by the presence of 12 mM phosphate. The concentration of both MgADP
      and MgATP within the fiber was calculated from the diffusion coefficient for
      nucleotides within the fiber, and the rate of MgADP production within the fiber.
      Using the calculated values for the nucleotide concentration inside the fiber,
      observed values of the maximum contraction velocity could be described, within
      experimental accuracy, by a model in which MgADP competed with MgATP and
      inhibited fiber velocity with an effective Ki of 0.2-0.3 mM. The average MgADP
      level generated by the fiber ATPase activity within the fiber was approximately
      0.9 mM. In fatigued fibers MgADP and phosphate levels are known to be elevated,
      and tension and the maximum velocity of contraction are depressed. The results
      obtained here suggest that levels of MgADP in fatigued fibers play no role in
      these decreases in function, but the elevation of both phosphate and H+ is
      sufficient to account for much of the decrease in tension.

PMID- 3878162
TI  - [Properties of T-cell growth factor obtained from diucifon-stimulated human
      lymphocytes].
AB  - The properties of T-cell growth factor (TCGF), obtained by diucifon (Dc)
      stimulation of human mononuclear cells (MNC) (TCGF-Dc) have been studied. Taking
      into account the fact that Dc alone does not, like other TCGF inductors, cause
      proliferation, differences between TCGF-Dc and TCGF were suggested. Partial
      purification of supernatant from cells, activated by Dc was performed on Sephadex
      G-100 column. TCGF-Dc biological activity in these fractions was determined in
      the system of mitogen activated human MNC and mice thymocytes, as well as in the
      system of concanavalin A transformed cells. 2 peaks of TCGF-Dc activity have been
      revealed that are indicative of TCGF-Dc molecular mass heterogeneity. In contrast
      to TCGF, low molecular mass TCGF-Dc (8000-12000) and TCGF-Dc from the whole
      supernatant were capable of absorbing on intact human MNC. TCGF-Dc may be
      constantly present on MNC membrane, but TCGF-Dc fixation is not sufficient for
      proliferation induction, the receptor activation is necessary as well. Receptors
      to TCGF-Dc were suggested to consist of fixing and triggering sites.

PMID- 3878163
TI  - [Separation of undamaged single nerve fibers by using an ultrasonic
      microscalpel].
AB  - A routine procedure for dissection of single nerve fibres with sharpened sewing
      needles is rather tiresome and occasionally traumatic because of poor efficiency
      in cutting interfibrous connective tissue and sticking out patches of it to
      preparative needles. The described method using microscalpel oscillating with
      ultrasonic frequency is free from these shortcomings. Voltage clamp tests proved
      an innocuous character of this method for excitable nodal membrane.

PMID- 3878164
TI  - [Delayed hypersensitivity reaction to rat xenoantigens in mice].
AB  - A scheme of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to xenogeneic lymphoid cells
      induced in mice was suggested. Subcutaneous injection of normal mice with 5 X
      10(6) rat spleen cells in a complete Freund's adjuvant with the results evaluated
      5 days after was found the optimal condition for DTH development. Mediated by T
      lymphocytes the response was shown to be maximal 24 hours after the challenge.

PMID- 3878166
TI  - Prostatic cancer: some epidemiological features.
AB  - Prostatic cancer is a frequent tumour in old men. The disease is very common in
      North America, particularly among Blacks, and in Scandinavia, while it is
      currently rare in Asian countries. Both morbidity and mortality rates have
      increased in most areas in recent years, the rate of increase being greatest in
      populations where the risk has hitherto been low. "Latent" (microscopic)
      prostatic cancer is much commoner than overt clinical prostatic cancer and, in
      contrast to the latter, the prevalence is similar in a wide spectrum of countries
      and ethnic groups. Detection of these latent tumours is dependent on medical care
      variables. The relationships between tumor development, latency and progression
      are not understood. It may be useful to consider "latent" prostatic cancer as a
      separate entity in future classifications and epidemiological research. Hormonal,
      sexual, dietary, chemical and genetic factors have been implicated in the
      aetiology although the mechanisms by which they act and the relationships between
      these factors are not known. As a high fat diet has been found to increase risk
      in case-control studies, a plausible sequence of events would be a fat-induced
      change of hormone profile with increased uptake by the prostate of male sex
      hormones leading to carcinoma--as in the rat. The evidence is however by no means
      entirely consistent and should be explored further in studies of the US Black and
      White populations, populations with age-standardized incidence rates in the order
      of 100 and 50 per 100,000 per annum respectively. If it be accepted that the
      factors leading to latent carcinoma of prostate are evenly distributed throughout
      the world, then studies directed at uncovering the agents responsible for
      progression from latent to clinically invasive state could be rewarding. Such
      studies would need to be large, prospective in nature and would require a high
      frequency of autopsy of cohort members to ascertain whether the prostate was
      cancer free or not. Prevention is not feasible on the basis of current knowledge
      and further inquiry regarding the aetiopathogenesis of prostatic cancer is needed
      before preventive approaches can be envisaged.

PMID- 3878165
TI  - RNA virus expression during and after methylnitrosourea-induced T-cell
      leukemogenesis in mice.
AB  - The expression of RNA tumor virus was studied in BDF 1 mice after leukemogenic
      treatment with a single dose of methylnitrosourea (MNU) and in leukemic thymuses
      by a cell ELISA using antibodies against the viral glycoprotein gp 70 and by co
      culture for the detection of eco- and xenotropic virus. The majority of the
      thymomas were positive for gp 70; ecotropic, but not xenotropic infectious virus
      could be detected in some of them. Early after MNU application the thymus and the
      bone marrow were positive for gp 70 in some animals. Later, after a phase with
      positive results with spleen cells, the bone marrow and the spleen were negative
      again. Only the thymus of some mice were positive during the last weeks before
      the first leukemias appeared.

PMID- 3878167
TI  - [Cancer of the prostate. Epidemiologic evaluation, incidence, and trends,
      especially in France].
AB  - With 7,172 deaths in 1982, prostatic cancer is a frequent cancer in France
      observed among old men, coming just after the lungs cancers and representing 9.6%
      of male mortality from malignant disease. Its incidence in the French regional
      population based on departmental registries is about 25/100.000 (age adjusted to
      the world standard population). The geographical distribution throughout the
      world shows a high incidence rate among the black american, the Scandinavian
      countries and low rates in the south-east of Asia. As well as incidence as for
      mortality low trends of increase all over the world are observed. In the clinical
      data from the "Enquete Permanente Cancer" (E.P.C.) the high proportion of
      metastatic dissemination (48%) at initial time of diagnosis, and also the high
      proportion of epithelial cancer (92%) emerge from a series of 1,223 prostatic
      cancer registered between 1975 and 1982. The 9 year-survival relative rate (32%)
      for the whole group lets appear a level of cure observed after the 8 years of
      follow-up. Few risk factors have been yet recognized so that it is not easy to
      identify risk population and propose them any preventions.

PMID- 3878168
TI  - Recommendation from youth to youth: keep off the drugs.
AB  - The International Good Templar Youth Federation, a non-governmental organization
      with branches and contacts in more than 40 countries in the world and a
      membership consisting of 200,000 "juniors" (7 to 15 years old) and older "youth"
      members has undertaken a world-wide campaign for developing a culture free of any
      kind of intoxicating substances, such as alcohol and narcotic drugs, and for
      promoting the development of drug prevention and social reintegration programmes.
      In its efforts to prevent drug and alcohol-related problems, the Federation
      promotes the development of appropriate information, education and national
      control policy measures, as well as encourages youth to participate in healthy
      activities that can serve as alternatives to involvement with drugs. Former
      addicts help in the development of rehabilitation and social reintegration
      programmes for drug addicts and alcoholics. The International Good Templar Youth
      Federation organizations in Europe have recently launched a campaign called
      "European Youth against Cannabis", which places emphasis on the following three
      major tasks: to oppose any attempt to legalize cannabis; to provide information
      for their members about the harmful effects of cannabis abuse; and to keep all
      the activities free of any drugs.

PMID- 3878169
TI  - Changing trends in heroin abuse in India: an assessment based on treatment
      records.
AB  - The study of drug addicts who were treated in the drug-abuse facilities of the
      All India Institute of Medical Sciences during the period from 1981 to May 1984
      indicates a steady increase in the number of heroin addicts who sought treatment
      in those facilities. The majority of heroin addicts were under 30 years of age
      (87.6 per cent), unmarried (67.6 per cent), had reached either high school or
      college (80.0 per cent) and reported having taken up to one gram per day (56.6
      per cent) of the drug for one year or less (63.8 per cent). Heroin was mainly
      smoked (74.3 per cent) and in some cases inhaled, sniffed or injected. Up to 1981
      there were no heroin addicts recorded in the treatment facilities. Other studies
      in India support this evidence. On the basis of the recency of heroin addiction
      in India, and its trend and development in other countries of the region, the
      authors predict a rapid increase in heroin addiction and in the manufacture of
      heroin in the country.

PMID- 3878170
TI  - Heroin addiction among young people: a new development in Sri Lanka.
AB  - Heroin addiction is a recent phenomenon in Sri Lanka. The records of the
      University Psychiatry Unit of the General Hospital at Colombo show that in 1982
      the first two Sri Lankans were hospitalized in the Unit for heroin addiction; the
      number increased to 92 in 1983. This article summarizes the results of a study of
      100 heroin addicts who were treated in the Psychiatry Unit from January 1983 to
      March 1984. Most addicts inhaled heroin, and the average amount consumed was 340
      mg per day. The majority of them had used heroin for a period of less than one
      year, while 9 per cent had used it for more than two years. All the addicts in
      the study were males. Only 6 per cent were older than 34 years; 5 per cent were
      unemployed at the time they started using heroin; 67 per cent were single; and 93
      per cent had left school before the tenth grade. Two ethnic groups--Moors and
      Burghers--were relatively over-represented compared with the proportion of these
      groups in the national population. The majority of the employed addicts (70 per
      cent) reported that heroin addiction had interfered with their ability to work.

PMID- 3878171
TI  - Drug use among Nigerian university students: prevalence of self-reported use and
      attitudes to use.
AB  - Based on a sample of nearly 300 university students in Benin City, Nigeria, the
      present study shows that, although a wide range of various drugs are readily
      available and known, the substances most frequently used by university students
      are coffee, cola nuts, alcohol, spirits and cigarettes. Diazepam and diazepoxide
      are also used with some frequency. Students tend to use stimulants and
      depressants sequentially, mainly during and after sessional examinations. The
      stimulants keep them alert while they are studying for an examination, and the
      depressants help them to rest after an examination is over. Cannabis is well
      known and has been tried by many students.

PMID- 3878172
TI  - Drug use among adolescents in Asturias (Spain).
AB  - A survey of drug use, based on a sample of 2,537 school students in the 15-17
      year age group selected from 11 schools in central Asturias (Spain), showed that
      697 respondents, or 29.1 per cent, were drug users. Cannabis was the most widely
      abused drug: 500 respondents, or 20.8 per cent of the total sample, became
      involved with this drug at some time in their lives. The percentages of the total
      sample show that the use of cannabis at any time ("ever" use) was followed by use
      of: tranquillizers (10.3 per cent), amphetamines and amphetamine-like substances
      (7.9 per cent), inhalants (2.3 per cent), hallucinogens (2.0 per cent), sedatives
      (1.7 per cent), opiates (1.4 per cent) and cocaine (1.2 per cent). Males were
      generally more involved with drugs than females were. The average age at first
      drug use was 15.4 for males and 15.5 for females.

PMID- 3878173
TI  - Non-medical drug use behaviour at five United States universities: a 15-year
      study.
AB  - A survey carried out in 1970, 1973, 1976, 1980 and 1984 by means of a
      questionnaire at five American universities, which involved a total of 4,171
      students, showed an increase in the use of cocaine, cannabis, hallucinogens,
      sedatives, amphetamines and alcohol. Cocaine use increased from 2.7 per cent in
      1970 to 30 per cent in 1984, while cannabis use almost doubled during that
      period. The survey found that intercollegiate athletes used significantly more
      anabolic steroids than non-athletes, but with regard to the use of other
      substances the athletic students did not differ significantly from non-athletic
      students.

PMID- 3878174
TI  - Consistencies in self-reported drug use among students in Ontario (Canada).
AB  - A survey of drug use, carried out in 1981 by means of a self-reported anonymous
      questionnaire administered to a stratified probability sample of 4,306 school
      students in grades 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 in Ontario, Canada, found consistent
      patterns in the use of drugs, including infrequently used illegal drugs such as
      heroin. Consistency of drug use was more apparent in the school grades with
      greater prevalence rates of drug use. Drug use was unevenly distributed and was
      localized within a relatively small proportion of all schools and geographical
      areas covered. Among the 17 categories of substances studied, the least
      frequently used substances were most localized. The study shows a general absence
      of misrepresentation of drug use by students, which corroborates findings
      reported by other researchers who have indicated that the problems of reliability
      and validity of self-reported drug use appear to be more related to difficulties
      in recalling and self-defining drug use than to its deliberate misrepresentation.
      The evidence presented in the article suggests that data on self-reported student
      drug use, as found in this and similar surveys, can be accepted with reasonable
      confidence.

PMID- 3878175
TI  - Young people and the struggle against drug abuse in the Arab countries.
AB  - While cannabis consumption in Egypt has a centuries-long tradition, recent
      evidence on drug abuse shows new patterns and trends: young people from all socio
      economic strata of society are increasingly involved with both traditional drugs,
      such as hashish, and the new pharmaceutical psychotropic substances that are
      emerging. A recent survey of the university students in Egypt, carried out by the
      author and others, showed that 34 per cent of the students who had succeeded in
      their studies and 42 per cent of those who had failed used drugs. In addition to
      the situation in Egypt, the article briefly reviews drug abuse among young people
      in some other Arab countries. To cope more effectively with the problems of drug
      abuse among the young, the author suggests that comprehensive community-based
      programmes need to be organized to improve the personal and social functioning of
      drug-dependent persons, to promote drug education and to increase understanding
      between younger and older generations. Epidemiological studies of the nature and
      extent of drug abuse, as well as evaluative studies of ongoing prevention and
      treatment programmes, need to be organized and carried out with a view to
      improving the effectiveness of drug abuse intervention among the young in the
      Arab countries.

PMID- 3878176
TI  - New trends in drug use among youth in California.
AB  - New trends in drug use in the United States of America have usually started in
      populations of young users in California. The use of hallucinogenic drugs
      (psychedelics), phencyclidine (PCP) and the smoking of cocaine free base were all
      first detected in populations of young Californian users. Five patterns of
      youthful drug use are described: experimental, social-recreational,
      circumstantial-situational, intensified and compulsive. These patterns are
      supported by several myths whereby users tend to trust the appearance and
      folklore surrounding specific drugs. New trends in drug use detected in a sample
      population of young users in California include increased use of cocaine,
      psilocybin mushrooms, psycho-active phenylisophropylamines, PCP, fentanyl, and
      codeine combined with glutethimide. Other evidence suggests that future trends
      are likely to include increased use of cathinone, yohimbine, fentanyl analogues
      and ephedrine.

PMID- 3878177
TI  - Epidemiology of acute respiratory disease at the Pediatric Emergency Room of the
      Social Security Medical Center in Panama City, Panama.

PMID- 3878179
TI  - Cancer increases in developed countries.

PMID- 3878178
TI  - The Jamaican hypertensive: characteristics of black patients at the University
      Hospital of the West Indies.

PMID- 3878180
TI  - Acceleration of recovery of gastric epithelial integrity by 16,16-dimethyl
      prostaglandin E2.
AB  - The effects of pretreatment with 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (DmPGE2) on the
      recovery of gastric mucosal 'barrier' parameters after ethanol-induced damage
      were studied using an ex vivo chamber preparation in the rat. DmPGE2 (4-40
      micrograms kg-1) significantly reduced the extent of haemorrhagic damage to the
      gastric mucosa induced by the topical application of 50% ethanol followed by 0.05
      M hydrochloric acid. The lowest dose of DmPGE2 tested (4 micrograms kg-1) had no
      effect on the ethanol-induced changes in transmucosal potential difference (PD)
      or K+ efflux. However, DmPGE2 at doses at 20 or 40 micrograms kg-1 significantly
      reduced the changes in these indices of epithelial integrity. The recovery of PD
      and K+ efflux to control levels after ethanol-injury was accelerated by DmPGE2.
      With the two higher doses of DmPGE2 (20 and 40 micrograms kg-1) there was a
      significantly (P less than 0.001) lower level of epithelial discontinuity,
      measured histologically, in samples taken at the end of the experiment. These
      results suggest that at the higher doses, DmPGE2 confers some protection to the
      gastric epithelium as well as accelerating the recovery of epithelial integrity
      after damage induced by ethanol.

PMID- 3878181
TI  - Dominant social status facilitates the behavioral effects of serotonergic
      agonists.
AB  - The effects of dominance rank on the behavioral responses to drugs that enhance
      central serotonergic function were examined in 45 adult male vervet monkeys
      living in 15 stable social groups. Each group contained 3 adult males, 3 adult
      females, and their immature offspring. Dominance rank was assessed by measuring
      success in intermale agonistic encounters. In every group one male was clearly
      the dominant, or alpha male, and the other two males were subordinate. Males from
      5 groups received 3 doses of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (0.5,
      1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg/day); those from a second set of 5 groups received 3 doses of
      the receptor agonist quipazine (0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 mg/kg/day); those from a third
      set of 5 groups received the serotonin precursor tryptophan (10, 20 and 40
      mg/kg/day). The 3 drug treatments produced strikingly similar behavioral effects.
      Each produced dose-dependent increases in approaching, grooming, resting and
      eating and decreases in locomoting, avoiding, being vigilant and being solitary.
      Dominant males were significantly more responsive behaviorally to all 3 drugs
      than were subordinate males: the increase or decrease in each behavioral measure
      was larger in dominant than in subordinate males. In combination with previous
      studies, these data suggest that dominant and subordinate males differ in the
      drug sensitivity of their serotonergic systems.

PMID- 3878182
TI  - Changes in the local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl
      1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) primate model of Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Nine adult monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were used in this study. Five animals
      were used as controls. Three animals were injected intravenously daily with 0.5
      mg/kg of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) over a 4-day period;
      one animal was injected weekly over a 4-week period. Neurological examination of
      the MPTP-treated animals revealed a flexed posture of trunk and extremities,
      bradykinesia, increased tone without cogwheel rigidity, loss of vestibular
      righting reflexes, decreased vocalization and swallowing, failure of upgaze and
      abnormal pursuit eye movements. Reflexes were hyperactive. The compound 2-deoxy-D
      [14C]glucose (2-DG) was utilized for the determination of the local cerebral
      metabolic rate for glucose (lCMRg). A generalized decrease in lCMRg was noted in
      all cerebral cortical areas as compared to control values. The cerebellar cortex
      demonstrated no change in lCMRg. Areas that demonstrated a significant increase
      in lCMRg were: the internal and external segments of the globus pallidus (P less
      than 0.01), the pars compacta and the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra (P
      less than 0.05). Areas that demonstrated a significant decrease in lCMRg were:
      the head of the caudate nucleus (P less than 0.05), the anterior dorsomedial
      putamen (P less than 0.05) and the anterior segment of the subthalamic nucleus (P
      less than 0.05). The 2-DG analysis of the MPTP primate model of Parkinson's
      disease is particularly suited to demonstrate areas in the central nervous system
      that are affected by this neurotoxin. Further studies of these areas may lead to
      a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the clinical
      symptomatology of Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 3878183
TI  - In vivo effect of MPTP on monoamine oxidase activity in mouse striatum.
AB  - Striatal monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B, but not MAO-A, activity decreased in mice at
      2 and 10 days and was back to control values at 20 and 30 days after systemic
      administration of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Striatal
      dopaminergic (DA) depletions were maximal at 2 days and were only partially
      reversed at 30 days post-treatment. In rats, unilateral kainic acid lesions
      increased MAO-B but not MAO-A activity probably due to reactive gliosis, but MPTP
      did not affect DA levels in control and kainic acid-lesioned striata. Findings
      support the importance of MAO-B in the toxicity of MPTP and suggest that
      resistance of rat DA neurons to the neurotoxin is probably not due to species
      differences in MAO-B activity.

PMID- 3878184
TI  - Distinct binding sites for calcitonin gene-related peptide and salmon calcitonin
      in rat central nervous system.
AB  - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) binding sites have been identified in
      homogenates from the rat brain and spinal cord. Autoradiography with [125I]rat
      CGRP (rCGRP) revealed high grain density over the lateral hypothalamus,
      vestibular nuclei, colliculi, medial geniculate body, corpus mamillare and the
      molecular layer of the cerebellum which lacked binding sites for [125]salmon
      calcitonin (sCT). In contrast, no rCGRP labeling was seen over the anterior and
      dorsomedial hypothalamus which showed high sCT binding. The different regional
      distribution of rCGRP and sCT binding sites indicates that the structurally
      related peptides interact with separate receptors. The overlap between the
      localization of CGRP binding sites and endogenous CGRP in many regions of the
      central nervous system suggests that CGRP exerts unique physiological functions
      in the central nervous system.

PMID- 3878185
TI  - Symposium on neonatal equine disease.

PMID- 3878186
TI  - Raising the orphan foal.
AB  - Orphan foals are best reared by fostering them onto a brood mare of appropriate
      size. If no foster mother is available, they can be reared on 2 per cent fat
      skimmed cow's milk fortified with dextrose at the rate of 20 gm per L. This
      should be slowly increased from 10 per cent of body weight at 1 day of age to 25
      per cent of body weight at 10 days of age. The amount should then be held
      constant until weaning. Alternatively, foals can be reared on milk replacers.
      Manufacturers' feeding instructions rarely mimic the milk intake obtained by a
      foal nursing her dam, and problems have been observed in milk replacer fed foals.
      It may be better to feed milk replacers at 1- to 2-hour intervals as a 12.5 per
      cent solution. The volume fed can be slowly increased from 5 per cent of body
      weight at day 1 to 20 per cent of body weight at day 10. Fresh water, hay, and
      good-quality creep feed with at least an 18 per cent crude protein should be
      offered from 2 weeks of age. Foals can be weaned at 8 to 12 weeks of age.

PMID- 3878187
TI  - Urogenital problems in the neonatal foal.
AB  - The common conditions affecting the urogenital tract of the neonatal foal and
      their medical and surgical management are described. Early recognition and
      treatment of serious abnormalities are necessary for a successful outcome in the
      equine neonate.

PMID- 3878188
TI  - Musculoskeletal disorders in neonatal foals.
AB  - Angular limb deformities are not uncommon in foals. Mild angular deviation due to
      laxity of supporting soft tissues often resolves spontaneously. However, external
      splinting or casting may be needed in severe cases or in those that do not
      resolve. When incomplete ossification of carpal or tarsal bones is the cause of
      the limb deformity, external support is mandatory to prevent further deformation
      and abnormal development of the bones. When epiphyseal and metaphyseal
      abnormalities cause axial deviation, surgical intervention is usually necessary.
      Circumferential periosteal transection and/or transphyseal bridging are methods
      used. The choice is dictated by the type and severity of the deformity. Flexor
      contractures of the forelimb vary greatly in degree and joints affected. Physical
      therapy combined with intermittent splint application is often successful, but
      surgical intervention may be necessary in unresponsive cases. Flexor tendon
      laxity is usually self-correcting but physical therapy, restricted exercise, and
      splinting may be needed. Rotational abnormalities are easier to correct in the
      forelimbs than in the hind limbs. Correction is usually accomplished by frequent
      corrective hoof trimming. Miscellaneous anomalies of the musculoskeletal system
      may sometimes be amenable to surgical correction, although the potential
      disadvantages must be carefully considered. Septic arthritis is a frequent
      sequela to neonatal septicemia and must be treated aggressively and early in its
      development. Appropriate systemic antibiotics, joint lavage, and rest are
      indicated. Neonatal osteomyelitis has a poor prognosis and requires prompt,
      vigorous therapy; even then, growth anomalies of the limb or contiguous septic
      arthritis may develop and further worsen the prognosis. Early accurate diagnosis
      and prompt appropriate therapy are vital in treating musculoskeletal disorders in
      foals, especially when a successful outcome is judged by the animal becoming a
      functional athlete.

PMID- 3878189
TI  - Intensive care of the neonatal foal.
AB  - The basic concepts of diagnosis and treatment in the abnormal neonatal foal are
      presented. Methods of restraint, sedation, and general nursing care are
      discussed, as well as more specific techniques of respiratory and circulatory
      system support.

PMID- 3878190
TI  - Prevention and control of infection.
AB  - Foal septicemia is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. In order to
      improve success rates, earlier diagnosis and treatment are essential. This
      article stresses methods to prevent and treat infections in the compromised
      equine neonate.

PMID- 3878191
TI  - Equine heart disease. An overview.
AB  - The clinician must appreciate unique aspects of equine cardiovascular physiology
      in order to distinguish normal variation from a pathophysiologic state.
      Cardiovascular problems in the horse include auscultation of cardiac murmurs,
      identification of cardiac arrhythmias, and recognition of congestive heart
      failure. A cardiac data base including history, general and cardiovascular
      examination, and resting and postexercise electrocardiogram are necessary to
      evaluate most horses for significant heart disease. Additional studies, such as
      echocardiography and cardiac catheterization, are useful in selected cases.
      Because some types of heart disease are amendable by therapy, an accurate
      diagnosis is needed to direct treatment and offer a realistic prognosis.

PMID- 3878192
TI  - Evaluation of the equine cardiovascular system.
AB  - A thorough examination of the cardiovascular system is an integral part of a
      physical examination in the horse. The normal equine cardiovascular parameters
      are discussed, with an emphasis on auscultatory findings. The availability and
      application of other diagnostic techniques are discussed based upon findings of
      the physical examination.

PMID- 3878193
TI  - Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of drugs used to treat cardiac disease in
      horses.
AB  - The rational therapy of cardiovascular disease in horses requires a thorough
      knowledge of the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of several specific drugs
      (digitalis, digoxin). Calcium solutions, dopamine, and dobutamine are frequently
      used to treat congestive heart failure in horses. Quinidine, procainamide,
      lidocaine, and propranolol are used to treat a variety of supraventricular and
      ventricular arrhythmias. Furosemide, a highly potent loop diuretic, is used to
      eliminate edema and promote diuresis. A thorough understanding of the applied
      pharmacology, dosage recommendations, toxicity, and practical considerations must
      be attained before these drugs can be used effectively.

PMID- 3878195
TI  - Acquired cardiovascular disease.
AB  - This article reviews the etiology, clinical findings, and significance of
      diseases of the heart valves, myocardium, pericardium, and great vessels of the
      horse. Each valve is considered separately from the point of view of murmur
      production. In addition, the role of the cardiovascular system in the etiology of
      sudden and unexpected death is considered.

PMID- 3878194
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.
AB  - Cardiac arrhythmias are probably more common in horses than in any other domestic
      animal species. The most frequent clinical complaint associated with cardiac
      arrhythmias is exercise intolerance. Physical examination is characterized by
      auscultation abnormalities such as fast or slow heart rate, irregular rhythm,
      extra sounds, long pauses, or abnormal heart sounds. The electrocardiogram is
      used to make a definitive diagnosis of the dysrhythmia. Other laboratory and
      cardiac function tests are employed to determine the etiology and to assess the
      significance of the arrhythmia. Antiarrhythmic therapy is given when clinical
      signs specifically related to the arrhythmia are present, when hemodynamic
      parameters are compromised by the arrhythmia, or when the ECG reveals
      abnormalities that put the patient at risk for development of more severe
      arrhythmias. The cardiovascular drugs most frequently used are digoxin and
      quinidine. Digoxin is most commonly used for supraventricular arrhythmias,
      especially arrhythmias characterized by fast heart rates. Quinidine is very
      effective for short-term treatment of ventricular and supraventricular
      arrhythmias but must be used with caution because of the potential for toxic side
      effects. The cardiac arrhythmias due to vagal tone (sinus arrhythmia, sinus
      block, sinus arrest, sinus bradycardia, wandering pacemaker, first-degree AV
      block, and second-degree AV block) that are found in resting horses are generally
      considered to be normal and generally do not require therapy.

PMID- 3878196
TI  - Cardiovascular response to exercise and training in the horse.
AB  - The quality of the overall response to exercise in the horse is very similar to
      that seen in man and laboratory animals; differences are mainly quantitative and
      persist when relative body weight is taken into account. The apparently greater
      flow capacity of the equine muscle bed during maximal whole-body exercise
      implicates the extent of central circulatory adaptations as the limiting factor
      in performance but implies a role for increase in arteriolar capacitance/muscle
      capillarity as an appropriate response to intense endurance training. The blood
      oxygen-carrying capacity of the horse is often quoted as the major component of
      the animal's superior aerobic work capacity, although the measured maximal a-vO2
      for the horse is only 2 to 3 ml greater than that found in elite athletes. In
      fact, comparison of published performance data for man and the horse reveals that
      improved a-vO2 accounts for 23 per cent of the difference, and increased Qc
      accounts for the remaining 77 per cent of the superior oxygen consumption in the
      horse. The extent to which the horse can increase Qc and muscle blood flow
      appears to represent its major adaptations for maximal aerobic performance. It is
      frequently observed that there have been far greater improvements in human
      athletic performance than in that of the race-horse, and this difference is
      usually attributed to the application of scientific training methods to the
      athlete. It has also been suggested that the horse may have reached the limit of
      its adaptive ability. The horse has a maximal oxygen pulse of at least 0.6 ml per
      kg per beat compared with 0.35 for man, a 90 per cent whole body oxygen
      extraction, and an 80 to 90 per cent higher muscle blood flow, with an overall
      capability of increasing Vo2 max by 35 times. These represent levels that would
      appear to be difficult to improve upon. However, insufficient research has been
      performed to firmly state true maxima for the horse, and current research does
      not reveal to what extent the horse is capable of responding to even conventional
      training methods. The relative improvement that such research could reveal would
      provide some objective guidance to the extent to which further improvement could
      be anticipated. A consistent finding in the majority of studies reviewed is the
      tendency for results to show a lack of statistical significance, which is
      particularly frustrating for a researcher when the trends are consistent with the
      initial hypotheses. This tendency arises because of small group sizes and
      inherent variability in the test population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3878197
TI  - Electrocardiography.
AB  - Electrocardiography is currently the most accurate method of documenting cardiac
      arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities. This article discusses techniques of
      recording electrocardiograms and the systematic evaluation of electrocardiograms
      to ensure accurate interpretation.

PMID- 3878198
TI  - Symposium on bovine lameness and orthopedics.

PMID- 3878199
TI  - The role of external fixation and emergency fracture management in bovine
      orthopedics.
AB  - External fixation is a very useful method of treating selected fractures in
      cattle. The economics of therapy and the availability of the techniques to all
      veterinarians will continue to make external fixation the most frequently used
      method of fracture repair in cattle.

PMID- 3878200
TI  - Special considerations in bovine orthopedics and lameness.
AB  - This article discusses the features that make bovine orthopedics a unique area.
      Changes in methodology and design of internal fixation devices are considered,
      particularly as they differ in application to the different age and weight
      categories. Pediatric and economic considerations and the importance of client
      communications are reviewed in detail.

PMID- 3878201
TI  - Principles and application of internal fixation in cattle.
AB  - The principles of bone healing and vascular and periosteal responses are
      considered in relation to different methods of fracture fixation and
      complications. Advantages and disadvantages of the available internal fixation
      devices are reviewed for the fractures that most commonly occur in the different
      age groups.

PMID- 3878202
TI  - Recent developments in the use of arthroscopy in cattle.
AB  - Diagnostic arthroscopy can be applied to the bovine stifle to directly visualize
      the menisci, cranial and caudal cruciate ligaments, the articular surfaces, and
      the synovium. Basic arthroscopic technique for the bovine stifle hock is
      described using line drawings and endophotography. Examples of joint lesions as
      seen through the arthroscope and at postmortem dissection are presented.

PMID- 3878203
TI  - Alternatives to amputation.
AB  - Amputation of the digit of valuable animals is an inappropriate technique for
      resolving the serious infective processes that involve the important structures
      of the distal interphalangeal region. Surgeons should be able to recognize the
      early clinical signs and radiographic indications of three distinct, but
      interrelated, phenomena--the septic joint, the retroarticular abscess, and the
      complication of tenovaginitis. Tenovaginitis depends on either the septic joint
      or retroarticular abscess for its etiology. In any of these complications, the
      effective treatment will be based on the removal of diseased tissue and on
      irrigation with drainage of the area, followed by the elimination of mechanical
      forces or movement in the affected region.

PMID- 3878204
TI  - Prevention and control of lameness in dairy cattle.
AB  - The prevention and control of lameness are essential if a dairy herd is to return
      a profit. Breeding, feeding, housing, and management practices are all involved,
      and errors or omissions in any of these areas can result in catastrophic
      lameness. An accurate diagnosis and proper treatment are necessary to minimize
      losses when lameness occurs.

PMID- 3878205
TI  - Development of an approach to lameness examination in cattle.
AB  - In the preceding pages, the various components of an examination have been
      described. Each clinician will formulate his own method of utilizing these
      components. The following are suggested steps in a practical approach to the
      diagnosis of lameness. Evaluate the conditions under which restraint of the
      animal is possible (corral, free stall, stanchion barn). Assess the temperament,
      physical strength, and general amenability of the animal to be examined. If the
      animal is at liberty, its movements can be studied. If it is standing quietly
      observe it. If the animal is tied up and it seems feasible to examine the animal
      while it is walking, observe the animal and take its history while it is still
      tied up. Aggressive and wild animals should be observed, but little beneficial
      information will be gained from a regional approach to evaluating movement at
      this stage. Even if the seat of lameness seems to be in the proximal limb, it is
      mandatory in every case to examine the hooves and interdigital space at some
      stage during the evaluation. However, if the probability of proximal lameness is
      high, the clinician may proceed to make a complete evaluation, which would
      include studying the quality of movement before checking that the distal
      extremity is normal in every way. If the clinician decides to proceed with an
      examination of the digital region and is unable to locate a causative lesion in
      the extremity, he would then evaluate movement and manipulate and palpate the
      proximal limb. If no cause of the lameness becomes apparent, the nerve supply to
      the extremity would then be blocked.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3878206
TI  - Bovine arthritides. Classification, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
AB  - Bovine arthritides are an important aspect of food animal practice, and a good
      understanding of these conditions allows the practitioner to develop effective
      treatment regimens. This article discusses the complexities of joint diseases and
      the problems associated with their diagnoses and treatments.

PMID- 3878207
TI  - Digital infections in cattle. Their radiologic spectrum.
AB  - A series of radiographs are presented to illustrate the relevant anatomy and
      radiology of infections of the digital region. The typical reaction to infection
      of bones, joints, and other soft tissues are described as they relate
      specifically to cattle.

PMID- 3878208
TI  - The radiologic investigation of bovine lameness associated with infection.
AB  - Infections, primarily of the limbs, are a significant part of our bovine lameness
      practice here at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine. The majority of
      these infections relate to the foot. More proximal lesions do occur, however, as
      detailed in the preceding section. It is interesting to note that such lesions
      are not assessed radiographically in practice until such time as antibiotics are
      judged to be ineffective. This period of medical treatment is often lengthy and
      expensive. The efficacy of potential, as well as ongoing, treatment often is
      better determined after a clinical and radiologic assessment of the animal.
      Indeed, radiology can be a paying proposition for both the producer and the
      practitioner, to say nothing of its obvious benefits to the animal.

PMID- 3878210
TI  - Symposium on bovine respiratory disease.

PMID- 3878209
TI  - The principles of claw trimming.
AB  - Claw trimming allows one to interfere with the mechanical influences affecting
      the quick. The belief that a progressing pododermatitis is provoked by mechanical
      pressure is supported by the excellent preventive and therapeutic results of
      trimming that is performed in an expert manner. Experience has proved that good
      technique is necessary for attaining a satisfactory result. Remember that the
      possibilities of functional trimming are limited by the amounts of horn and by
      the environmental conditions. In other words, the importance of the protective
      function of the horny capsule should not be underestimated. To learn expert
      trimming, one needs to practice the technique under supervision. Learning the
      technique from a text appears to be insufficient; practical experience is
      necessary. If one is interested in establishing a training center, it is
      recommended that one contact the Practical Training Centre for Dairy Cattle and
      Grassland Management at Oenkerk (the Netherlands). It is important to remember
      that principles and technique are judged by the results, and poor results will be
      the consequence of a poor technique that can be attributed to insufficient
      education.

PMID- 3878211
TI  - Structure, function, and metabolism in the lung.
AB  - Research into the molecular basis of cellular injury and repair will lead to
      advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of infectious and noninfectious
      respiratory disease in cattle. In order to appreciate these advances fully, it is
      necessary to define the basics of structure, function, and metabolism in the
      respiratory system.

PMID- 3878212
TI  - Preconditioning calves for the feedlot.
AB  - Preconditioning is a theoretically sound concept; however, it has not gained wide
      acceptance by cow-calf producers or feeders owing to logistics and expense. Many
      of the claims of preconditioning are not substantiated by controlled research
      data. Many of the positive claims made for preconditioning may be a result of the
      calves moving more rapidly through the marketing channels. Although
      preconditioning is profitable to some producers, on the average, preconditioning
      is difficult to justify economically. Modifications of the preconditioning
      concept have the potential to make it more feasible to the majority of cow-calf
      producers. Any producer or feeder considering a preconditioning program or
      feeding preconditioned calves should first calculate an economic projection.

PMID- 3878213
TI  - Symposium on calf diarrhea.

PMID- 3878214
TI  - Necropsy procedure.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to provide guidelines for the necropsy of a calf
      with diarrhea. Figures and tables are designed to help this procedure. With
      proper tools and a systematic approach, the entire necropsy should take only 20
      to 30 minutes. The efficient and thorough completion of a necropsy often improves
      the relationship between owner and veterinarian.

PMID- 3878215
TI  - Field management of neonatal diarrhea.
AB  - This article deals with the management and health factors involved in raising
      healthy calves. Practical considerations are given for veterinarians to implement
      a disease control program. Various management techniques concerning the feeding,
      housing, and ventilation of the neonate are also discussed.

PMID- 3878216
TI  - Symposium on Calf Diarrhea. Appendix 1. Oral electrolyte replacement solutions.

PMID- 3878217
TI  - Symposium on Calf Diarrhea. Appendix 3. Age predisposition of diarrheal disease
      in the neonatal calf.

PMID- 3878218
TI  - Symposium on Calf Diarrhea. Appendix 4. Field technique for estimating severity
      of dehydration, volume of fluid necessary for rehydration, and average
      bicarbonate deficit for a 40-kg neonatal calf with acute diarrhea.

PMID- 3878219
TI  - Site of temperature monitoring and prediction of afterdrop after open heart
      surgery.
AB  - To determine which of the commonly used "core" temperature sites, remote from the
      brain, best indicates total body rewarming, the temperatures in the rectum (RT),
      urinary bladder (UBT) and the pulmonary artery (PAT) at the termination of
      cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were correlated with the decrease in nasopharyngeal
      temperature (NPT) after CPB (afterdrop) in 29 patients. The amount of afterdrop
      is inversely related to the adequacy of total body rewarming, smaller values
      indicating better rewarming. All patients had uncomplicated cardiac surgery and
      received high pump flows during rewarming on CPB. The UBT showed the best
      correlation with afterdrop (p less than 0.001) compared with the other
      temperature sites, the durations of CPB and rewarming during CPB, and the time
      that the NPT was greater than 37 degrees C during rewarming. The urinary bladder
      is a simple, non-invasive monitoring site when a urinary catheter is required and
      our results indicated that the UBT is a better monitor of the adequacy of total
      body rewarming on CPB than NPT alone. The study also suggested that rewarming to
      a UBT in excess of 36.2 degrees C prior to the termination of CPB is unlikely to
      further reduce afterdrop.

PMID- 3878220
TI  - Retrograde intubation in patients undergoing open heart surgery.
AB  - Cardiovascular changes during difficult intubation were studied in 25 patients
      undergoing open heart surgery. The study was divided into two phases. Phase A
      from the first laryngoscopy to the fourth unsuccessful one; Phase B from a
      stabilization period until after retrograde intubation was performed. During
      phase A, heart rate (HR) increased significantly from 75 +/- 6.5 beats/min before
      laryngoscopy to 95 +/- 8.5 (p less than 0.05) after the last laryngoscopy. Mean
      arterial pressure (MAP) also increased from 82.5 +/- 4.75 mmHg to 105 +/- 5.15 (p
      less than 0.005) after the last laryngoscopy. Cardiac index (CI) decreased from
      2.9 +/- 0.3 L . min-1 . m-2 before to 2.55 +/-0.2 after the last laryngoscopy.
      Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) increased from 10.5 +/- 1 mmHg before
      to 19.25 +/- 1.5 (p less than 0.01) after the last laryngoscopy. No statistically
      significant changes in HR, MAP, CI, and PCWP occurred before and after intubation
      during Phase B. Three patients had elevated ST segments during Phase A which
      responded to IV nitroglycerin and propranolol. None was detected during Phase B.
      There were more lacerated lips and teeth damaged during Phase A. One patient
      developed a small peritracheal haematoma after the retrograde intubation, for
      which no treatment was required. This technique is safe and produces minimal
      cardiovascular changes for difficult intubation in patients undergoing open heart
      surgery.

PMID- 3878221
TI  - Affinity chromatography purification and partial characterization of
      phytohemagglutinin-receptor glycoproteins from porcine splenic lymphocytes.
AB  - We describe the isolation of pig spleen lymphocyte glycoproteins that interact
      with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), the lectin from Phaseolus vulgaris. Purification
      was achieved by affinity chromatography of a Nonidet P-40 extract of the cells on
      a PHA--Affi-Gel 10 column. The retained glycoproteins were eluted with an acidic
      (pH 3.0) glycine buffer and represented 1.9-2.4% of the amount of protein applied
      to the column. They contained 20 +/- 1.3% hexose and 1.7 +/- 0.7% fatty acids, on
      a weight basis. Electrophoretic analyses (sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis) showed the presence of major Coomassie blue positive bands
      with apparent molecular masses of 50-55, 75, 95, 130, and 155 kdaltons along with
      minor bands of 20-40, 42, 45, 60-65, 175, and 200-250 kdaltons. The purified PHA
      receptor glycoproteins inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, the incorporation
      of [3H]thymidine in pig lymphocytes cultured at a concentration of 10(6) cells/mL
      in the presence of PHA. A 50% inhibition was observed when 20 micrograms/mL of
      the glycoproteins was added to the lymphocyte cultures containing 0.5
      microgram/mL of PHA. Scatchard analysis of the binding of 125I-labelled PHA, in
      the presence of increasing amounts of the purified glycoproteins, showed a
      suppression of the binding of the lectin to high affinity sites of the cells, as
      evidenced by a change from biphasic to a linear profile. Results of binding
      suggested a competitive inhibition by a population of purified glycoproteins with
      a similar affinity for the lectin. The purified glycoproteins decreased PHA
      dependent interleukin 2 (IL-2) production by pig lymphocytes as assayed with a IL
      2 dependent murine cell line.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3878222
TI  - Single-strand breaks or alkali-sensitive sites in the DNA of human myeloma plasma
      cells and chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes.
AB  - Alkaline-elution studies showed significant levels of either DNA single-strand
      breaks or alkali-sensitive sites in the plasma cells of six out of six myeloma
      patients and in the lymphocytes of two out of four patients with chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia as compared with normal human lymphocytes. The increased
      rate of DNA elution was variable from sample to sample with a range that would
      correspond to that observed with 100-1000 rad (1 rad = 10 mGy) of X-ray
      irradiation. This alteration in DNA structure was observed in both new and
      advanced patients, did not appear to be related to prior therapy, and did not
      affect the in vitro viability of these cells. Repetitive alkaline-elution
      profiles obtained with tumor cells from three patients were similar on subsequent
      samples obtained 1 month apart. Altered DNA elution was not evident in peripheral
      blood lymphocytes from myeloma patients with altered plasma cell DNA elution.
      These observations are interesting in light of the recent hypothesis that
      breaking and rejoining of DNA, regulated by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, may be a
      general mechanism of altering gene expression during differentiation.

PMID- 3878223
TI  - The effects of pH on the kinetics of fatigue and recovery in frog sartorius
      muscle.
AB  - The effects of pH on the kinetics of fatigue and recovery in frog sartorius
      muscle were studied to establish whether the pH to which muscles are exposed
      (extracellular pH) has an effect on both the rate of fatigue development and
      recovery from fatigue. When frog sartorius muscles were stimulated with short
      tetanic stimuli at rates varying from 0.2 to 2.0 trains/s, a time- and frequency
      dependent decrease in force development was observed, but extracellular pH had
      comparatively little effect. The recovery of tetanic force was dependent on the
      extracellular pH. This effect was characterized by a rapid recovery in force at
      pH 8.0 and an inhibition of recovery at pH 6.4 even when force decreased by only
      25% during stimulation. Even when muscles were fatigued at pH 8.0 the rate of
      force recovery was still very small at pH 6.4. A model is proposed in which a
      step of the contraction cycle changes from a normal to a fatigued state. The rate
      of this transition is a function of the stimulation frequency and not pH. The
      reverse transition, from a fatigued to normal state is pH dependent; i.e., it is
      inhibited by H+. Measurements of resting and action potentials show that
      extracellular pH influences these parameters in the fatigue state, but there is
      no evidence that these changes are directly responsible for the pH-dependent step
      in the reversal of fatigue.

PMID- 3878224
TI  - Characterization studies of a rat hepatic cytosolic androgen-binding protein.
AB  - A rat hepatic cytosolic [3H]methyltrienolone (R1881) binding protein was studied
      under various conditions. This protein was also compared with the male-specific
      high capacity--low affinity estrogen-binding protein derived from the same
      cytosolic fraction. Analysis of the R1881 binding protein in adult (60-85 days
      old) male rat liver cytosol indicated the presence of a high affinity--low
      capacity binding site (Kd = 0.3 nM; Bmax = 5.9 fmol/mg) and a lower affinity-
      higher capacity component (Kd = 10.4 nM; Bmax = 131 fmol/mg). The latter
      component was eliminated by addition of triamcinolone or cortisol to the assay
      mixture. Steroid binding to the high affinity R1881 site was specific for
      testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, and mibolerone, with a
      moderate specificity to cyproterone acetate, flutamide hydroxide, and estradiol.
      Saturation studies indicated that these steroids were binding to the same or a
      similar high affinity component except for flutamide hydroxide which produced
      nonsaturable displacement. The high affinity site had no specificity for
      progesterone, diethylstilbestrol, or cortisol. Like the high capacity--low
      affinity protein, this protein was not present in the immature, adult, or 10-day
      ovariectomized adult female. However, unlike the high capacity--low affinity
      protein, it was present in low quantities in the immature male. In addition,
      castration of the adult for 18 h, 4 days, or 10 days or hypophysectomy for 10-17
      days did not have a significant effect on the high affinity component compared
      with the controls. Testosterone administration to these animals did not alter
      this protein binding. These studies indicate that a specific, high affinity--low
      capacity androgen-binding protein exists in rat hepatic cytosol. Furthermore,
      this protein shows age and sex dependency, but its presence is not affected by
      altering gonadal or hypophyseal factors in the adult male.

PMID- 3878225
TI  - Sensitization of frog erythrocyte adenylate cyclase system by tumor-promoting
      phorbol diesters.
AB  - Preincubation of frog erythrocyte lysates with tumor-promoting phorbol diesters
      leads to an increase in adenylate cyclase activity. This stimulatory effect of
      phorbol diesters was specific. Incubation with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13
      acetate led to increases in basal (38%) and isoproterenol- (40%), fluoride-
      (25%), and Mn-stimulated (68%) adenylate cyclase activities compared with
      control. The inactive phorbol diesters (4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate and
      beta-phorbol) were ineffective in promoting increases in adenylate cyclase
      activity. The effect of active phorbol diesters was also observed on isolated
      frog erythrocyte membranes in the absence of cell supernatant, although to a much
      lesser extent than in the whole lysates. Addition of the cell supernatant or of
      purified protein kinase C to the membranes maximized the sensitization by the
      phorbol diesters. These data are consistent with the notion that some
      component(s) of the adenylate cyclase system is (are) phosphorylated by protein
      kinase C, resulting in an enhancement of enzyme activity.

PMID- 3878226
TI  - Vascular actions of epidermal growth factor-urogastrone: possible relationship to
      prostaglandin production.
AB  - Epidermal growth factor-urogastrone (EGF-URO), a polypeptide of about 6000 atomic
      mass units present in humans, mice, rats, and other mammals that is widely
      recognized for its mitogenic and acid-inhibitory activities, was observed to
      cause contraction of helical arterial strips of the rat ileocolic artery and to
      potentiate the action of KCl on helical strips from the superior (cephalic)
      mesenteric artery. The contractile effect of EGF-URO in ileocolic preparations
      displayed marked tachyphylaxis at high EGF-URO concentrations (100 ng/mL). The
      apparent mean effective concentration for EGF-URO in these tissues was about 10
      ng/mL (1.7 nM); the detection of EGF-URO degradation in the organ bath indicated
      that a half-maximal response may have been achieved at a concentration as low as
      50% of this value (i.e., about 0.9 nM). The actions of EGF-URO were abolished by
      indomethacin (3 microM) and were, in part, mimicked by prostaglandin F2 alpha
      (PGF2 alpha), which contracted the ileocolic preparation and potentiated the
      action of KCl in the superior mesenteric preparation. In the superior mesenteric
      preparation, PGF2 alpha alone, like EGF-URO, did not have an appreciable effect
      on resting tension. The time lag of the EGF-URO effect in the ileocolic
      preparation (5-6 min to reach peak contraction) corresponded closely with the
      time course of EGF-URO-stimulated calcium accumulation measured previously in
      other cell systems. Our results suggest that EGF-URO acts to modulate
      contractility in vascular tissue via a cyclooxygenase pathway product (possibly
      PGF2 alpha). Our data point to a role for EGF-URO and possibly other growth
      factors in the control of vascular function.

PMID- 3878227
TI  - Content of red blood-cell sialic acid in BW 35 blood donors. Relation to
      magnesium concentration and pyruvate kinase activity.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that the concentration of red blood cell (RBC)
      magnesium is significantly lower in subjects carrying an HLA-BW 35 antigen (p
      less than 0.001) than in non-carriers. As this finding might be related to
      modifications of the RBC membrane sialoglycoconjugates, RBC sialic acid was
      comparatively determined in BW 35+ and BW 35- subjects. Pyruvate-kinase activity
      mean RBC volume, and reticulocyte count have also been determined in order to
      estimate whether some significant variations in the level of these age markers
      could be detected between the HLA BW 35+ and BW 35- subjects. A significant
      negative correlation between sialic acid and RBC magnesium concentrations was
      observed for the whole population tested (n 57, p less than 0.005), 61% of the BW
      35+ and only 25% of the BW 35- individuals having sialic acid values above, and
      magnesium values below the overall mean (p less than 0.01). The variance of mean
      RBC volume was also larger for the BW 35+ group. Other determinations did not
      show any significant variations, suggesting that the results are not related to
      RBC age.

PMID- 3878228
TI  - Identification of the components of the murine T cell antigen receptor complex.
AB  - In addition to the alpha and beta chains of the MHC class II restricted antigen
      receptor, monoclonal anti-receptor antibodies coprecipitate four polypeptides
      that appear to be noncovalently associated with the alpha-beta dimer of murine T
      cells. Included in the murine T cell antigen receptor complex are two
      glycoproteins of 25 kd (gamma) and 21 kd (delta) and two nonglycosylated
      polypeptides of 26 kd (epsilon) and 16 kd (zeta). The epsilon chain appears to
      possess an intrachain disulfide bond and zeta exists in the complex as a
      disulfide-linked homodimer. The delta chain is phosphorylated on a serine residue
      in response to T cell activation with antigen. In contrast, both delta and
      epsilon are phosphorylated in response to treatment of the T cells with phorbol
      12-myristate 13-acetate. These polypeptides may play a role in the transduction
      of the signal(s) in T cell activation.

PMID- 3878229
TI  - Expression of a hemopoietic growth factor cDNA in a factor-dependent cell line
      results in autonomous growth and tumorigenicity.
AB  - Production of a growth factor by a cell that responds to this factor has been
      termed "autocrine" stimulation of proliferation. Considerable experimental data
      have suggested that tumor cells often exhibit autocrine growth stimulation and
      that this may contribute to the process of malignant transformation. To
      experimentally approach the relationship of autocrine growth stimulation to the
      malignant transformation of hemopoietic cells, we have used a retroviral vector
      to express sequences encoding a hemopoietic growth factor, granulocyte-macrophage
      colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in a factor-dependent murine cell line (FDC
      P1). Virally infected cells synthesized and secreted GM-CSF, grew independently
      of exogenous CSF, and--unlike the parental FDC-P1 cells--produced tumors in
      syngeneic mice. We have thus experimentally induced autocrine growth regulation
      in a factor-dependent hemopoietic cell line and have shown that this results in
      tumorigenicity.

PMID- 3878230
TI  - Analysis of B-cell subpopulations. I. Relationships among splenic xid, Ly 1+, and
      Lyb 5+ B cells.
AB  - The phenotypic and functional relationships among the various B-cell subsets is
      of importance for better understanding studies of the immune system. In this
      report, the realm of B cells encompassed by Lyb 5, Ly 1, and xid has been
      examined through the use of the alloantiserum anti-Lyb 5, the unique functional
      properties of Ly 1+ B cells, and the spontaneous autoantibody producing congenic
      xid mice, NZB.xid. By functional and phenotypic analysis, we have shown that (i)
      Lyb 5- B cells and B cells of xid mice are largely, but not completely,
      overlapping; (ii) xid spleen cells contain a population which is Lyb 5+; (iii) Ly
      1+ B cells fall largely in the Lyb 5+ compartment; and (iv) the autoantibody
      producing Ly 1+ B cells are predominantly Lyb 5+.

PMID- 3878231
TI  - Treatment of advanced colorectal and gastric adenocarcinomas with 5-fluorouracil
      combined with high-dose folinic acid. An update.
AB  - Sixty-six patients with advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma and 24 with advanced
      gastric adenocarcinoma were treated; all had measurable tumors. The treatment was
      based on biochemical and cell culture studies which have demonstrated that an
      excess of intracellular reduced folates is necessary to provide optimal
      inhibition of thymidylate synthetase and to increase the cytotoxic effect of
      fluoropyrimidines. The treatment comprised 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (370-400
      mg/m2/day) and high dose folinic acid (200 mg/m2/day) given simultaneously for 5
      consecutive days with a 21-day interval between courses. Of the 66 patients with
      colorectal carcinoma, 44 had not been previously treated with cytostatics and 22
      were resistant to previous chemotherapy with 5-FU given either as a single agent
      or combined with other drugs. The response rates both complete (CR) and partial
      (PR) were 45% and 18% in the previously untreated and the previously treated
      patients, respectively. Time to disease progression in the 20 previously
      untreated patients ranged from 2 to 34.5+ months (median, 10.3 months) and that
      of the 4 patients previously resistant to 5-FU was 7, 10, 12 and 15 months,
      respectively. Median survival for the 24 responders was 20.4 months. Survival in
      responders was significantly superior to that observed in patients with
      progressive disease (P less than 10(-8)). Of the 24 patients with gastric
      adenocarcinoma, 23 had not been previously treated with cytostatics and one was
      resistant to a 5-FU containing regimen. The response rate (CR + PR) was 50% (12
      patients). The single previously treated patient failed to respond. Time to
      disease progression in the 12 responders ranged from 2.1 to 28.9 months (median,
      5.6 months).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3878232
TI  - Selective modulation of 5-fluorouracil action in patients with colorectal
      carcinoma.
AB  - Attempts to modulate by normal metabolites the intracellular metabolism of 5
      fluorouracil (FU) via the ribonucleotide pathway leading to increased
      incorporation of the drug into RNA have been shown to potentiate host toxicity
      but not the therapeutic efficacy of this agent in preclinical model systems and
      in patients with advanced colorectal carcinomas. Recent advances aimed at the
      modulation of FU metabolism by CF via the deoxyribonucleotide pathway leading to
      prolonged inhibition of dTMPS activity indicates that the therapeutic efficacy of
      FU can be enhanced significantly in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma.
      Pharmacokinetic studies of FU and CF revealed large intrasubject variations. In
      this presentation, rationale and the results of approaches taken at the
      preclinical and clinical levels in an attempt to selectively modulate the
      therapeutic efficacy of fluoropyrimidine will be discussed. This includes the
      importance of integration of information concerning pharmacokinetics and cellular
      metabolism in the design of optimal combination chemotherapy of FU with metabolic
      modulators.

PMID- 3878233
TI  - [Pneumocystis carinii in the bone marrow].
AB  - Pneumocystis carinii is observed in the bone marrow of two adults immuno
      compromised; the initial diseases are on the one hand a Hodgkin's disease, on the
      other hand a malignant lymphoma for immunocytoma type, which necessitate heavy
      and invalidating treatments. A Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with respiratory
      distress seems to have carrying away two patients death. Eventually pathogenic
      part of the parasite in the bone marrow localization.

PMID- 3878234
TI  - [Ocular manifestations in chronic atrophic polychondritis. Apropos of a case
      report].

PMID- 3878235
TI  - The diminishing incidence of hypsarrhythmia.
AB  - The incidence of hypsa over a 40-year period in 667 pts was noted to rise to a
      peak in 1958 and then to fall so that relatively few cases appeared in the early
      1970's, with hypsa seen only rarely in the past 10 years. This diminishing
      incidence was confirmed in a major children's hospital. The incidence curve of
      rubeola is seen to follow a similar course; the possibility is discussed that
      subclinical infectious disease, and rubeola in particular as a prototype, may
      have played a more prominent role in the etiology of hypsa than has been
      considered in the past.

PMID- 3878236
TI  - Seizures and pain.
AB  - The findings of this case report do not answer the question of whether or not the
      slow wave discharge specifically represents a permutation of the K-complex.
      However, the slow wave discharge and the K-complex may be "bed partners" in part,
      with both residing in the same reticular activating system. It is therefore
      concluded that the reticular formation which harbors the arousal system also
      generates the slow wave discharges in this case. The discharge in turn activates
      the pain and other subsystems within the same reticular core to produce the
      associated somato-sensory, visceral and autonomic disturbances.

PMID- 3878237
TI  - Long-term effects of histamine H2-receptor antagonists on serum parathyroid
      hormone in chronic renal failure.
AB  - We assessed the effects of ranitidine and cimetidine (histamine H2-receptor
      antagonists) on the serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in 22
      patients with end-stage chronic renal failure. Treatment for 3 months induced a
      significant decrease in serum concentrations of PTH determined by
      radioimmunoassay directed at the mid portion of the PTH molecule. In contrast,
      significant increases were noted using an assay directed at the amino-terminal
      portion, whereas no change was noted with a carboxy-terminal assay. No
      significant changes in serum calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were
      noted after treatment with either agent, but serum concentrations of osteocalcin
      increased significantly. We conclude the H2-receptor antagonists do not
      favourably influence the natural history of hyperparathyroid bone disease in
      patients with end-stage chronic renal failure.

PMID- 3878238
TI  - Impaired release of a T-cell specific suppressor factor in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Peripheral blood T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and
      scleroderma (PSS) were assessed for their ability to release T-cell-specific
      suppressor activity (TRSA) upon incubation with a suppressor activating factor
      (SAF) derived from a human lymphoblastoid cell line (CEM). T cells from 11/20
      (55%) RA patients exhibited impaired TRSA release in contrast to 1/12 (8%) of PSS
      patients. RA patients demonstrating impaired TRSA release exhibited more active
      arthritis than patients demonstrating normal TRSA release.

PMID- 3878239
TI  - Ye-1, a monoclonal antibody that cross-reacts with HLA-B27 lymphoblastoid cell
      lines and an arthritis causing bacteria.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody, Ye-1, was generated by immunizing BALB/c mice with
      Yersinia enterocolitica. This antibody also reacted with all of 12 B27 positive
      lymphoblastoid cell lines, but only four of 31 B27 negative ones. Three of the
      four reactive B27 negative cell lines were B7 positive. A B27 positive cell line
      which has lost the B27 expression because of experimentally-induced mutation
      became unreactive with the Ye-1. These findings support the possibility that
      there is cross-reactivity between HLA-B27 antigens and Y. enterocolitica.

PMID- 3878240
TI  - Serum amyloid P component and autoimmune parameters in the assessment of
      arthritis activity in MRL/lpr/lpr mice.
AB  - The concentration of immunoglobulins, anti-ssDNA, anti-dsDNA, anti-TNP
      antibodies, IgM rheumatoid factor, C3, immune complexes and serum amyloid P
      component (SAP), in the serum were measured in 68 male and female MRL/lpr/lpr
      mice, a strain affected with a systemic autoimmune disease. The degree of
      lymphoproliferation was assessed by the spleen weight. Spontaneous secretion of
      immunoglobulins and anti dsDNA antibodies were measured in spleen cell cultures.
      All mice presented age related increases or decreases (C3) in the level of
      measured parameters. Inflammatory lesions were detected, by light microscopy in
      the joints of all mice. There was a significant correlation, in both sexes
      between the serum level of SAP and the severity of the polyarthritis, as assessed
      by light microscopy. In female mice the levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies,
      immunoglobulins, either measured in serum or in the spleen compartment, and
      circulating immune complexes also showed correlation with the activity of the
      arthritis, but neither of these variables correlated as closely with arthritis
      scores as did serum SAP.

PMID- 3878241
TI  - Epidermal T lymphocytes and dendritic cells in chronic plaque psoriasis: the
      effects of PUVA treatment.
AB  - The numbers and HLA-DR expression of T cell subsets and dendritic cells in
      chronic psoriatic plaques were compared to previously reported findings in
      spontaneously resolving guttate lesions, and the effects of PUVA treatment on
      these cell populations studied. The chronic lesions showed a similar T helper/T
      suppressor (TH/TS) ratio (0.66 +/- 0.10) to resolving guttate lesions. However,
      in contrast to the resolving lesions which do not contain activated epidermal TH
      cells, a substantial proportion of the TH cells in the persistent plaques were
      DR+. Moreover, these persistent lesions contained markedly increased numbers of
      DR+ dendritic cells, approximately 20% of which were T6 negative. PUVA-induced
      resolution of chronic lesions was associated with depletion of epidermal TH and
      TS cells, and a subsequent reduction in DR+ dendritic cells. In each patient the
      rate of disappearance of both cell types correlated with the rate of resolution.
      Furthermore, the epidermal T cell depletion preceded the onset of clinical
      improvement. In contrast, significant reduction of the dendritic cells was
      generally not observed until the lesions were largely resolved. Dendritic cells
      decreased faster in uninvolved than in lesional skin and to a subnormal level.
      Dermal T cells also decreased during PUVA therapy but this did not show any
      obvious correlation with resolution of the lesions. Blood T cell levels were not
      significantly affected by the treatment. These findings support the concept that
      the initiation and maintenance of the psoriatic process requires activation of TH
      cells in the epidermis via interaction with antigen presenting cells. Furthermore
      PUVA treatment may clear psoriasis by interfering with such a mechanism through
      its effects on T lymphocytes.

PMID- 3878242
TI  - Normal T cell subsets and lymphocyte activity in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Nine patients with either chronic progressive or relapsing/remitting multiple
      sclerosis were treated with several courses of lymphopheresis. The lymphocytes
      obtained by this procedure showed a significantly lower percentage of OKT3+ cells
      than normal controls at the beginning of therapy. This percentage increased to
      normal levels after five lymphopheresis treatments and then decreased during the
      last stages of treatment. Patients had normal levels of OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells
      compared to controls and these percentages showed no statistically significant
      changes during the course of treatment. The proliferative response of patient's
      lymphocytes after stimulation with concanavalin A, PHA and alloantigen was not
      significantly different from normal controls and these responses were unchanged
      during the lymphopheresis treatment. Natural killer cell activity was also normal
      in our patients. The results reported in this study do not suggest a basic T cell
      abnormality in our patients with multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, the
      lymphopheresis treatments did not induce any significant change in T cell numbers
      or functional activity in vitro.

PMID- 3878243
TI  - Study of cellular immunity in experimental autoimmune hepatitis in mice: transfer
      of spleen cells sensitized with liver proteins.
AB  - This study was based on our model of experimental autoimmune hepatitis produced
      by immunizing C57BL/6 (B6) mice with syngeneic liver proteins and Freund's
      complete adjuvant. Spleen cells obtained from these hepatitis mice were
      transferred to syngeneic normal recipient mice, and histological changes
      occurring in the liver and the role of cellular immunity in producing liver
      damages in recipient mice were investigated. Sensitized spleen cells from these
      immunized (donor) mice were fractionated by a nylon wool column and injected
      intravenously into normal B6 mice. Histology of the liver of the recipient mice
      showed mild infiltration of mononuclear cells around the periportal area 7 days
      after the transfer of sensitized spleen cells, and changes were most prominent in
      the mice injected with the fraction of nylon wool column adherent spleen cells.
      Induction of these liver lesions in the recipient mice was blocked by treatment
      of sensitized donor spleen cells with anti-Thy 1,2 monoclonal antibody and guinea
      pig complement before injection. Lymphocyte reactivity to liver-specific
      lipoprotein (LSP) in recipient mice was studied by a lymphocyte transformation
      system, and a high immune response was demonstrated with the fraction of nylon
      wool column non-adherent (T-enriched) spleen cells. These data seem to indicate T
      cell interactions between donor and recipient mice in the transfer study using
      our experimental autoimmune hepatitis model.

PMID- 3878245
TI  - Acute leukemia of hybrid phenotype: T lymphoid and myelomonocytic markers.
AB  - Several unique phenotypical and functional characteristics were found together in
      a patient with acute poorly differentiated leukemia. The blast cells showed an
      unusual T-cell phenotype, forming spontaneous rosettes with sheep red blood cells
      and expressing the T11 antigen, but were negative for the other immature or
      mature T markers tested--Leu-1, 3A1, T3, T4, T8, T9, T10, T6, and TdT--and
      reacted with the monoclonal antibody OKM1 expressed by myeloid lineage cells and
      which is also present in natural killer (NK) cells. Furthermore, these cells were
      able to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) after mitogenic stimulation and showed
      cytotoxic activity against K-562 target cells after incubation with an IL-2
      supernatant. These features do not correspond to any known stage of the T-cell
      differentiation pathway and may represent the expansion of a pre-NK cell which
      may be poorly represented in normal tissues.

PMID- 3878244
TI  - Immunodynamics of minimal change nephrotic syndrome in adults T and B lymphocyte
      subsets and serum immunoglobulin levels.
AB  - Thirty-two adult patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) were
      studied in order to clarify the characteristics of the immune system in MCNS and
      their relation to clinical activity. In the active phase (n = 17), serum
      immunoglobulin (Ig) M and E levels, B lymphocytes (surface Ig-positive cells) and
      their subsets, surface IgG, IgM and IgE positive cells; B gamma, B mu and B
      epsilon, were increased, whereas the serum IgG level and OKT3-reactive cells,
      peripheral T lymphocytes; T3, were decreased. In the remitted phase maintained by
      steroid therapy (n = 17), serum Igs and B lymphocyte subsets tended to return to
      normal levels concomitant with decreases in T3 and T4, and an increase in T8 in
      consequence of a marked decrease in T4/T8 (helper/suppressor) ratio. In stable
      remission continuing with no steroid therapy (n = 14), the above abnormalities
      returned to normal ranges, except for serum IgM which remained at a high level
      and re-elevated serum IgE. These results suggest that immunological abnormalities
      in MCNS are characterized by acceleration of the IgE and IgM producing systems
      and impaired maturation of the IgG producing system despite normal
      differentiation from the IgM producing to IgG producing system, possibly caused
      by T lymphocyte dysfunction.

PMID- 3878246
TI  - Impaired natural killer cell activity in Bloom's syndrome could be restored by
      human recombinant IL-2 in vitro.
AB  - Natural killer (NK) activity against K562 tumor cells was evaluated in peripheral
      blood nonadherent mononuclear cells (PBMNC) obtained from four patients with
      Bloom's syndrome. NK activity of PBMNC from all patients was found to be
      depressed to less than half of age-matched control values. However, all patients
      showed the normal percentages of large granular lymphocytes and of cells
      expressing the NK-cell-associated determinants (OKM1, Leu-7, and Leu-11).
      Although recombinant interferon-beta or -gamma augmented NK activity of patients'
      PBMNC in a manner similar to their effects on NK activity of normal individuals,
      impaired NK activity of PBMNC from Bloom's patients could be restored to normal
      ranges only by recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2). These results suggested that IL
      2 and interferons might participate in boosting NK activity of Bloom's syndrome
      in different ways.

PMID- 3878247
TI  - Discrepancy in the expression of autoantibodies in healthy aged individuals.
AB  - Sera from 50 healthy old subjects and from 51 young controls were tested by ELISA
      assays for a panel of autoantibodies, including IgM RF, anti-DNA, anti-F(ab')2,
      antithyroglobulin, anti-human albumin, anti-human hemoglobin, anti-secretory
      component from human IgA, and anti-gliadin. In vitro production of anti-DNA as
      well as anti-F(ab')2 antibodies were measured after stimulation of PBMC by
      pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in 12 healthy elderly subjects and 11 young controls. Sera
      from elderly donors contained threefold higher amounts of IgM RF than young
      controls (P less than 0.001). On the contrary, the levels of anti-DNA as well as
      anti-F(ab')2 antibodies were similar in both groups (P less than 0.3 for the two
      determinations). Anti-DNA and anti-F(ab')2 antibodies were also measured in
      supernates of PWM-stimulated glass nonadherent PBMC cultures from both old and
      young healthy donors without finding any significant difference between the two
      groups. Additional ELISA tests were also performed in both elderly and young
      control sera to detect antibodies against six other different antigens. No
      significant difference was found in the percentages of positive sera between the
      two groups. This discrepancy in production of IgM RF compared to other
      autoantibodies in healthy elderly subjects does not provide support for a general
      increase of autoantibodies with aging. The biological significance of an increase
      in IgM RF with aging remains to be determined.

PMID- 3878248
TI  - Impaired T-lymphocyte colony formation in lipoid nephrosis.
AB  - The T-colony-forming capacity was examined in 13 normal subjects and 14 patients
      with biopsy-proven lipoid nephrosis (LN). Eighteen additional patients with other
      well-defined forms of glomerulonephritis were studied as a disease control.
      Significantly fewer T lymphocyte colonies were found in LN patients and the
      nephrotic syndrome (NS) than in normal controls. A similar change could be
      observed in the groups with other types of NS. LN patients with NS had the lowest
      values of T-colony-forming cells (TCFC), but there was no statistically
      significant difference between the groups of nephrotic subjects. It was also of
      interest that peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 3 patients with lupus
      nephritis (SLE) produced significantly low levels of TCFC. The lower levels of
      TCFC in LN could be enhanced when exogenous interleukin 2 (IL 2) was added to the
      system. We also examined the production of T-colony-stimulating factor (TCSF).
      The TCSF production by stimulated PBL from LN patients was lower than in normal
      subjects. To explain our observations, we presumed that the T colony dysfunction
      seen in LN patients with NS might in part be due to the decreased TCSF activity.

PMID- 3878249
TI  - Treatment of renal osteodystrophy in children with dihydrotachysterol and 24,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3.
AB  - The effect of administration of 25 micrograms 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
      (24,25(OH)2D) combined with dihydrotachysterol (DHT2) on clinical, radiological,
      biochemical and bone histological parameters was assessed in ten children on
      chronic hemodialysis. Eight children had been treated with DHT2 prior to
      administration of 24,25(OH)2D. Addition of 24,25(OH)2D to the treatment resulted
      in a decrease in serum calcium values. Therefore higher doses of DHT2 were
      required to maintain serum-calcium levels between 2.4-2.8 mmol/l. Administration
      of 24,25(OH)2D did not modify the quality of bone, but histomorphometric
      investigation did show a significant reduction of the surface percentage of bone
      trabecula, in the iliac crest, covered with osteoclasts (oc%). Following the
      administration of 24,25(OH)2D an increase in bone mineralization was shown by X
      rays of the wrists and measured by dual photonabsorptiometry. Addition of
      24,25(OH)2D to the DHT2 treatment resulted in an increase in serum concentration
      of 24,25(OH)2D and a decrease in DHT2 levels. The present study suggests that
      administered 24,25(OH)2D interferes with DHT2 metabolism and increases DHT2
      tolerance. Increased bone mineralization may be related to 24,25(OH)2D, a higher
      dose of DHT2 or both.

PMID- 3878250
TI  - Does vitamin K excess induce ectopic calcifications in hemodialysis patients?
AB  - Vitamin K promotes the formation of gamma-carboxylated glutamic acid (Gla)
      residues within different protein classes such as vitamin K-dependent clotting
      factors, bone Gla-protein (BGP or osteocalcin), and atherocalcin. Gla-containing
      proteins have a high affinity for the Ca2+ ion. In addition to bone and
      atheromatous plaques they are also regularly found in ectopic calcifications, but
      not in uncalcified soft tissue. In the present study we investigate the
      possibility that vitamin K and BGP, in addition to previously recognized factors,
      may play a role in soft tissue calcification of chronic hemodialysis patients.
      Patients without radiovisible ectopic calcifications (group A) are compared to
      patients with such Ca deposits (group B). Both patient groups have comparable
      values of predialysis plasma Ca, P, alkaline phosphatases, parathyroid hormone
      (PTH) and 25 hydroxyvitamin D. The CaxP product is slightly higher in group B
      than in group A patients. Plasma vitamin K1 levels of group B patients are
      increased to more than twice the values observed in group A patients. Plasma BGP,
      even though not significantly different, shows a trend towards decreased levels
      in group B patients. A positive correlation exists between plasma vitamin K1 and
      BGP for patient group A alone, but not for group B alone. A correlation is also
      observed between plasma PTH and BGP (all patients) and between serum alkaline
      phosphatases and plasma BGP (all patients). Taken together, these results favor
      the hypothesis that in addition to an increased CaxP product a vitamin K excess
      may induce soft tissue calcification in hemodialysis patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3878252
TI  - Trends in the frequency of cesarean births.
AB  - While the actual cesarean birth rate may still be increasing, it appears that the
      rate of increase is not as extreme. Perhaps this can be expressed as a trend. A
      recent study has demonstrated the ability to decrease the primary cesarean
      section rate without adverse perinatal effects. Confirmation that the cesarean
      birth rate is not necessarily linked to perinatal mortality is available from the
      Dublin report, in which the authors note that the trend in cesarean birth rates
      can be altered by a different approach to the management of labor. While still
      speculative, it appears that public concern and physician attitudes may soon be
      reflected in a trend toward decreasing cesarean birth rates.

PMID- 3878253
TI  - Infection after cesarean section.

PMID- 3878251
TI  - Modulation of proteoglycan metabolism by hydrocortisone and by growth factors in
      rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines of different metastatic potentials.
AB  - Glycosaminoglycans of cultured nickel-induced rat rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines
      with different metastatic potentials, grown in the presence or in the absence of
      hydrocortisone and of growth factor (EDF and EDGF) were investigated
      comparatively. The newly formed [35S]sulphate and [3H]glucosamine-labelled
      glycosaminoglycans were analysed in the extra-, peri- and intra-cellular
      compartments of the following cell lines: the strongly metastatic and colonizing
      9-4/0 parental line, the very weakly metastatic and weakly colonizing subline 8
      and the very weakly metastatic but colonizing subline 13a2. The cell surface of
      the weakly metastatic 8 and 13a2 lines was richer at least 5 and 2 times
      respectively in sulphated glycosaminoglycan label than the surface of the
      strongly metastatic 9-4/0 parental line. Hydrocortisone provoked an approximately
      four-fold increase in the label of the sulphated cell surface glycosaminoglycans
      of the 9-4/0 line. The pattern of the labelled cell surface glycosaminoglycans of
      these cells become similar to that of cells from the very weakly invading subline
      8. Hydrocortisone induced only minor changes in the distribution of the
      glycosaminoglycans in the 8 and 13a2 lines, and at the same time, their
      proliferation rate and differentiation state was only slightly affected by this
      drug. Conversely to hydrocortisone, EGF increases the proliferation of the 9-4/0
      line and also increases the label in sulphated cell surface glycosaminoglycans.
      This increase is about 50 per cent of that obtained by hydrocortisone. Thus, the
      accumulation of the glycosaminoglycan label on the cell surface is not directly
      related to the cell growth in the case of these cells. The results suggest that
      sulphated cell surface glycosaminoglycans, especially chondroitin sulphate, are
      involved in the inhibition of metastasis formation of the rhabdomyosarcoma cell
      lines studied.

PMID- 3878254
TI  - Appearance of breast attenuation artifacts with thallium myocardial SPECT
      imaging.
AB  - The appearance of breast attenuation artifacts is described as the artifacts
      occur with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of the
      heart using TI-201 thallous chloride.

PMID- 3878255
TI  - Bleeding in an atonic stomach simulating lower gastrointestinal bleeding on
      technetium-99m RBC scintigraphy.

PMID- 3878256
TI  - Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy after hyperventilation for the diagnosis of
      vasospastic angina.

PMID- 3878257
TI  - Prophylactic hyperbaric oxygen to avoid osteoradionecrosis when extractions
      follow radiation therapy.

PMID- 3878258
TI  - The effect of dental treatment on sensitivity threshold.

PMID- 3878259
TI  - Incidence of respiratory disease in dental hygienists and dietitians.

PMID- 3878260
TI  - Comparison of daily tooth polishing at home versus toothbrushing in periodontally
      treated patients.

PMID- 3878261
TI  - A morphologic and SEM investigation of 58 toothbrushes.

PMID- 3878262
TI  - Anti-thymocyte globulin and prednisone immunotherapy of recent onset type 1
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Increasing evidence that Type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus is an
      autoimmune disease, together with successful cure/prevention in animal models of
      this disease (e.g. BB/W rat) has led to several trials of immunotherapy in recent
      onset Type 1 diabetes of man. In this communication we report our experience with
      short courses of prednisone and antithymocyte globulin (ATGAM) plus prednisone.
      Prednisone characteristically suppressed Ia positive T lymphocytes into the
      normal range, but had no long-lasting effect on T-cell phenotype. ATGAM plus
      prednisone markedly decreased the ratio of T4/T8 ("helper"/"suppressor
      cytotoxic") positive T lymphocytes, and this remained suppressed for months.
      ATGAM treated patients had lower HbA1c on a lower dose of insulin 100 or more
      days following immune therapy (with 4 out of 5 patients requiring less than 0.2
      U/Kg insulin/day). Two patients in the ATGAM treated group did not require
      insulin for more than 8 months; during remission they had normal fasting blood
      glucose values, but with abnormal glucose tolerance on oral glucose tolerance
      testing. Severe, though transient, thrombocytopenia was observed in 2 patients on
      ATGAM therapy which outweighed its clinical effects.

PMID- 3878264
TI  - Immunological aspects of rheumatic diseases.

PMID- 3878263
TI  - Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in a rural area of
      Italy.
AB  - The prevalence of diabetes in subjects aged 18 yr and over was evaluated in a
      rural community of Southern Italy (Sanza). Among the 1,154 participants examined
      by using a 75 g oral glucose load according to the recent WHO diagnostic
      criteria, the diabetes prevalence was 6.6% in men and 6.8% in women; impaired
      glucose tolerance occurred in 5.1% of men and 7.9% of women. The frequency of
      positive family history of diabetes was no higher in subjects with diabetes and
      impaired glucose tolerance, than in controls. Obesity was clearly related to
      diabetes (p less than 0.05 in men and p less than 0.01 in women 40 yr old and
      over). The level of physical activity was significantly lower in subjects with
      diabetes than in normal subjects. The results suggest that a remarkable reduction
      in physical activity, along with an increased caloric intake, may have importance
      in determining the prevalence and time of appearance of non-insulin-dependent
      diabetes.

PMID- 3878265
TI  - Colonoscopy in acute rectal bleeding.

PMID- 3878266
TI  - Scintigraphy in disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 3878267
TI  - Surgical management of Reis-Bucklers' corneal dystrophy.
AB  - Superficial keratectomy provides a safe, simple, and effective means to obtain
      symptomatic relief and improvement of vision in cases of Reis-Bucklers' corneal
      dystrophy that are refractory to more conservative management. The treatment of
      Reis-Bucklers' corneal dystrophy by superficial keratectomy is described. The
      clinical presentation, relevant histopathology, and electron microscopy of the
      disease are reviewed.

PMID- 3878268
TI  - A correlative freeze-etch and electrophysiological study of communicating
      junctions in crystalline lenses.
AB  - We have conducted a correlative electrophysiological and morphological study of
      cell to cell coupling in frog and rat lenses. Electrical impedance measurements
      from frog and rat lenses were curve fit to a model of lens structure to obtain a
      value for internal resistivity (Ri). The mean and standard deviation of Ri was
      550 +/- 190 ohm-cm (n = 7) in rat lenses and 3400 +/- 340 ohm-cm (n = 10) in frog
      lenses. These results indicate that the extent of cell to cell coupling is far
      more extensive in rat lenses than in frog lenses and therefore suggest that rat
      lens fiber cells are conjoined by greater numbers of communicating junctions than
      frog lens fiber cells. Freeze-etch replicas were made of fiber cells from rat and
      frog lenses of comparable size and from a comparable area (intermediate cortex)
      as that used in the electrophysiological study. A total of 987 and 1,393 square
      microns of replicated membrane were examined in rat and frog lenses,
      respectively. 1,573 communicating junctions were counted in rat lens replicas
      cumulatively measuring 313 square microns or 31.7% of the total membrane area.
      604 communicating junctions were counted in frog lens replicas cumulatively
      measuring 163 square microns or 11.7% of the total membrane area. These results
      demonstrate that the amount of communicating junction predicted to be necessary
      to account for the more extensive electrotonic coupling between fiber cells in
      rat lenses than in frog lenses is qualitatively confirmed by morphological
      analysis.

PMID- 3878269
TI  - Cross-national comparisons of developmental dyslexia in Italy and the United
      States.
AB  - This study was designed to examine whether the phonetic regularity of a language
      can significantly influence the prevalence and pattern of developmental dyslexia.
      Demographically matched samples of fifth-grade children in Italy (N = 448) and
      the United States (N = 1,278) were evaluated to identify children with specific
      reading disabilities. Reading disabled children with average intelligence were
      compared to normal controls on a series of neuropsychological tests to evaluate
      specific cognitive deficits associated with reading disorders in each country.
      The findings suggested that (a) dyslexia is more prevalent in the United States
      than in Italy, (b) reading disabilities are strongly associated with disorders of
      verbal processing in both countries, although some American dyslexics also show
      visual-motor deficits, and (c) there is a greater dissociation between reading
      comprehension and decoding in Italian than in English.

PMID- 3878270
TI  - [Recurrent ileus in jejunal diverticulitis].
AB  - Jejunal diverticula are in most cases acquired lesions of the intestinal wall,
      which are caused by abnormalities of smooth muscle or myenteric plexus. They may
      lead to more complications than previously expected. The described patient
      developed an acute abdomen 8 years after an ileus due to jejunal diverticulitis
      with enterolith formation and resection of two jejunal diverticula. Immediate
      laparotomy had demonstrated again an ileus, partly induced mechanically by an
      obstruction due to 2 enteroliths, partly induced paralytically due to local
      peritonitis. The surgical significance of jejunal diverticula is discussed.

PMID- 3878271
TI  - [Intestinal manifestation of hemangiopericytoma].

PMID- 3878273
TI  - Growth factors in mammalian embryogenesis.
AB  - Malignant murine embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells have been studied as a means of
      characterizing the identity and action of growth regulatory molecules in the
      early postimplantation mouse embryo. The differentiation of EC cells in vitro is
      accompanied by significant changes in the control of cell proliferation,
      including the acquisition of dependence on specific exogenous growth factors for
      cell multiplication. This is at least partly controlled by the developmentally
      regulated expression of specific growth factor receptors and their intracellular
      response systems. The development of defined media has allowed the identification
      of the principal factors required for EC cell proliferation in vitro. These
      factors are synthesized in vivo by the extra-embryonic tissues of the developing
      embryo and by the differentiated progeny of EC cells in vitro. EC cells secrete a
      potent growth factor (embryonal carcinoma-derived growth factor, ECDGF) which has
      been purified and partly characterized. ECDGF induces proliferation of the
      differentiated progeny of EC cells and specific normal embryonic cell types in
      vitro, suggesting that ECDGF may act as an embryonic growth factor in vivo.
      Together these findings suggest that proliferation in the embryo may be
      controlled by reciprocal interaction between primitive ectoderm cells and their
      differentiated derivatives, mediated by the developmentally regulated expression
      of specific soluble growth factors.

PMID- 3878272
TI  - A growth regulatory factor that can both inhibit and stimulate growth.
AB  - A growth inhibitor that is produced by BSC-1 cells (African green monkey kidney
      epithelial cells) has been isolated from conditioned medium. It has been purified
      by gel chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. It appears to
      be a protein with a relative molecular mass (Mr) of 24 000. It is extremely
      active as a growth inhibitor with some cells, but not with others. Approximately
      50% inhibition of thymidine incorporation is observed with CCL64 cells at 0.05
      ng/ml and with BSC-1 cells at 1 ng/ml. The growth inhibitor induces BSC-1 cells
      to synthesize and secrete a glycoprotein of approximately 48 000 Mr. It inhibits
      Na+ accumulation in BSC-1 cells. Recently, in collaboration with R. F. Tucker,
      G.D. Shipley and H. L. Moses (Mayo Foundation & Medical School), we have found
      that the growth inhibitor is very similar to and may be identical with
      transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). Our growth inhibitor stimulates
      colony formation in soft agar by AKR-2B cells, and it competes with TGF-beta in
      binding to cell surface receptors. TGF-beta, from human platelets, is extremely
      active as an inhibitor of thymidine incorporation by BSC-1 cells and CCL64 cells.
      The growth inhibitor/TGF-beta can, therefore, stimulate or inhibit growth,
      depending on the cells and the growth conditions.

PMID- 3878274
TI  - Color mixture thresholds measured on a color television--a new method for
      analysis, classification and diagnosis of neuro-ophthalmic disease.
AB  - A color television display can be used to determine color and brightness
      discrimination thresholds using identical adaptation conditions and experimental
      technique. The color discrimination threshold is measured by using an
      equiluminous test spot--i.e. one which differs in color from the surrounding
      screen but has the same luminance. Because there is no brightness clue, the
      subject is forced to detect such a spot by using color discrimination. It is
      shown how color and brightness thresholds may be determined from threshold
      measurements of different color-mixtures even though it is not known beforehand
      which stimulus will be equiluminous for the subject. Results are shown for normal
      subjects, congenital color defectives and for two patients having optic nerve
      disease who show respectively non-selective and selective loss of color
      discrimination compared to brightness discrimination. Normal control data are
      presented, illustrating the effect of eccentricity, optical blur, viewing
      distance, pupil size and age. It is concluded that the technique is relatively
      insensitive to moderate variations in these factors and that it is more sensitive
      in detecting selective color loss than a spectral sensitivity technique which has
      been described previously.

PMID- 3878275
TI  - Self-reported alcohol consumption among high school students in France.
      Epidemiological approach of the alcoholisation process and its evolution.
AB  - Very few data are available concerning alcohol consumption among adolescents in
      France. Three epidemiological surveys carried out by INSERM (Unit 185), focused
      on the evolution of drinking behaviour patterns among high school students.
      Consumption trends from 1971 to 1984 were studied: daily wine consumption fell by
      one-third between these periods; daily beer consumption remained steady; regular
      hard liquor use fell by about 50% between 1971 and 1978 but showed a marked
      increase thereafter. The experience of drunkeness increased very significantly
      among young people, especially among girls. It seems that alcohol consumption
      became of a more addictive type recently.

PMID- 3878276
TI  - A comparison of alcohol, tobacco and drug use as determined from household and
      school surveys.
AB  - Comparisons of results from different types of surveys are necessary to establish
      the best and cheapest methods of assessing drug use. This paper reports results
      from a school survey and a household survey conducted in Ontario. Both surveys
      were done in 1983 and used unbiased samples of the population in the same age
      groups. There are some methodological differences between the two studies.
      Younger students were more likely to report the use of tobacco, alcohol and
      cannabis in the student survey than in the household survey. Similarly, older
      students (18 and 19) reported more alcohol use in the student survey. In general,
      the results indicate that respondents are more likely to give socially desirable
      answers to questions answered at home than at school. Also, alcohol and drug
      users may be more likely to be missed in household than in school studies as the
      former have a much higher non-response rate.

PMID- 3878277
TI  - [Indications for and results of coronary bypass surgery].

PMID- 3878278
TI  - Osteogenic response to low electric current and silver electrodes.

PMID- 3878279
TI  - Some characteristics and correlates of blood lead in early childhood: preliminary
      results from the Port Pirie Study.

PMID- 3878280
TI  - Template bleeding time and thromboxane generation in the horse: effects of three
      non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

PMID- 3878281
TI  - Multiple cartilagenous exostoses in a horse.

PMID- 3878282
TI  - Human alpha 1-antitrypsin expression in Xenopus oocytes. Secretion of the normal
      (PiM) and abnormal (PiZ) forms.
AB  - Injection of equivalent amounts of normal (PiMM) or abnormal (PiZZ) alpha 1
      antitrypsin mRNA into Xenopus oocytes resulted in secretion of both the normal
      and abnormal alpha 1-antitrypsin. A much lower proportion of the abnormal protein
      was secreted, and the Z alpha 1-antitrypsin that was not secreted accumulated
      within the cell in a high-mannose form. The time taken for secretion of the
      normal and abnormal proteins was identical. Both the secreted and intracellular
      alpha 1-antitrypsin synthesized by oocytes were functionally active.

PMID- 3878283
TI  - An assessment of the importance of intralysosomal and of alpha-amylolytic
      glycogenolysis in the liver of normal rats and of rats with a glycogen-storage
      disease.
AB  - Mechanisms of glycogenolysis have been investigated in a comparative study with
      Wistar rats and gsd rats, which maintain a high glycogen concentration in the
      liver as a result of a genetic deficiency of phosphorylase kinase. In Wistar
      hepatocytes the rate of glycogenolysis, as modulated by glucagon and by glucose,
      was proportional to the concentration of phosphorylase a. In suspensions of gsd
      hepatocytes the rate of glycogenolysis was far too high as compared with the low
      level of phosphorylase a; in addition, only a minor fraction of the glycogen lost
      was recovered as glucose and lactate, owing to the accumulation of
      oligosaccharides. When the gsd hepatocytes were incubated in the presence of an
      inhibitor of alpha-amylase (BAY e 4609) glycogenolysis and the formation of
      oligosaccharides virtually ceased; the production of glucose plus lactate,
      already modest in the absence of BAY e 4609, was further decreased by 40%, owing
      to the suppression of a pathway for glucose production by the successive actions
      of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. Evidence was obtained that gsd
      hepatocytes are more fragile, and that amylolysis of glycogen occurred in damaged
      cells and/or in the extracellular medium. This may even occur in vivo, since
      quick-frozen liver samples from anesthetized gsd rats contained severalfold
      higher concentrations of oligosaccharides than did similar samples from Wistar
      rats. However, administration of a hepatotoxic agent (CCl4) caused hepatic
      glycogen depletion in Wistar rats, but not in gsd rats. The administration of
      phloridzin and of vinblastine, which have been proposed to induce glycogenolysis
      in the lysosomal system, did not decrease the hepatic glycogen level in gsd rats.
      Taken together, the data indicate that only the phosphorolytic degradation of
      glycogen is metabolically important, and that alpha-amylolysis is an indication
      of an increased fragility of gsd hepatocytes, which becomes prominent when these
      cells are incubated in vitro.

PMID- 3878284
TI  - The declining trend in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in Finland.
      The results of Helsinki Coronary Register during 1970-1977.
AB  - The results from Helsinki Coronary Register during the period 1970-1977 show that
      the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among people under 65 years of
      age reached its peak in 1972 and declined annually by 2.8% from 1972 to 1977. The
      trend was clearest in patients under 50 years, but statistical analysis showed
      that no 5-year age group, either in women or men, differed statistically
      significantly from the general declining trend.

PMID- 3878285
TI  - Early and 8 year results of aortic valve replacement: a clinical study of 232
      patients.
AB  - The study concerns early and late results of aortic valve replacement (AVR) in
      232 patients with aortic valve disease, using the Bjork-Shiley tilting-disc
      prosthesis. Of the 232, 27 patients had some evidence of mitral valve disease
      with valvulotomy having been undertaken in 7 previously, and in 12 at the time of
      the aortic valve replacement. Patients who underwent simultaneous mitral valve
      replacement and/or aorta coronary artery bypass grafting are not included in this
      analysis. To establish predictions of early death and late survival the patients
      were divided into two groups (A and B), taking 6 pre-operative risk factors into
      consideration: systolic pressure gradient greater than or equal to 100 mmHg; NYHA
      class IV; depressed left ventricular function (heart failure); previous
      valvulotomy of the aortic valve; advanced age (greater than or equal to 70 years)
      and surgery during the acute stage of bacterial endocarditis. In group A,
      consisting of 132 patients with no preoperative risk factors, early mortality was
      1.5% (2/132). In group B, with 1 or more risk factors, early mortality amounted
      to 15% (15/100), (P less than 0.01). Subdividing group B into patients with one
      of the first three risk factors and patients with two or three of these risk
      factors, mortality was 12% (9/73) and 27% (6/22), respectively. Actuarially
      determined survival curves showed an 8-year survival rate of 84.2% for patients
      in group A and 59.6% for patients belonging to group B. Corrected for early
      mortality, however, the difference in late mortality is not significant. Analysis
      showed that early mortality was related to myocardial preservation: results for
      coronary perfusion and cardioplegic arrest were similar, but results were far
      less good when hypothermic ischaemic arrest was applied. Late results were less
      favourable in patients who had prior mitral valve disease not requiring mitral
      valve replacement at the time of AVR, or in those who developed mitral valve
      disease. The results allow the authors to conclude that AVR is a relatively safe
      procedure with a low operative mortality and few postoperative complications in
      patients with no 'risk factors'.

PMID- 3878286
TI  - Improved selection of patients for aneurysmectomy by combined phase and amplitude
      analysis of gated cardiac scintigraphy.
AB  - Twelve patients undergoing left ventricular aneurysmectomy were studied by
      combined phase and amplitude analysis of gated blood pool scintigraphy before and
      after operation, to establish whether the presence of paradoxical systolic
      movement, as defined by this method, influenced the result of surgical treatment.
      There was a significant increase in the ejection fraction after operation in
      those patients with paradoxical systolic movement and no improvement in those
      with akinesis. The extent of the increase in ejection fraction was related to the
      size of paradoxical segment resected. It is argued that this improvement in left
      ventricular function reflects a reduction in the left ventricular and diastolic
      volume and improved efficiency of ejection of the stroke volume, resulting from
      resection of the scar. Combined phase and amplitude analysis may help in
      selecting patients most likely to benefit from aneurysmectomy.

PMID- 3878287
TI  - The prognostic value of maximal exercise testing soon after first myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - The prognostic value of ST-segment depression during maximal exercise test
      performed in the third to fourth week after acute myocardial infarction (AMI),
      was studied in 126 consecutive patients with no evidence of previous myocardial
      infarction, unstable angina pectoris or severe heart failure. All patients on
      average increased their pressure-rate product by 2.6 and no complications
      occurred. Within the first year of follow-up, major cardiac events occurred in 9
      patients (20%), and were fatal in 6 (13%), of the 46 patients who developed ST
      segment depression during exercise. Only 3 major cardiac events (4%) occurred in
      the 80 patients without exercise induced ST-segment depression. Depression of the
      ST-segment on maximal exercise was a significant predictor of subsequent cardiac
      events in these survivors of first AMI.

PMID- 3878288
TI  - Improved quality and information in thyroid scintigraphy.
AB  - We compared rectilinear scanning, analogous gamma-camera imaging and imaging
      using a gamma camera interfaced to a computer in order to determine which of
      these techniques is superior for thyroid scintigraphy. Forty patients with and
      without goitre and irregular activity distribution were imaged using each of the
      three techniques. The sets of three scintigrams per patient were rated by seven
      physicians. These ratings were statistically analysed using a new distribution
      free test. Thyroid scintigraphy using a gamma camera interfaced to a computer
      turned out to be the best method, especially for detecting circumscribed areas of
      increased uptake. We conclude that this was due to a combination of the following
      factors: a computer matrix of 128 X 128 pixels in combination with an acquisition
      zoom of 1.5, the high count density of the scintigrams, computer-controlled
      documentation after data acquisition and the use of a continuous grey scale for
      documentation. The improved quality and information content of the scintigrams
      obtained using a gamma-camera/computer system could improve the diagnostic value
      of thyroid scintigraphy, especially when the scintigrams are also evaluated
      quantitatively.

PMID- 3878289
TI  - Interactive combining of functional images.
AB  - A technique of interactively combining digital images using virtual color tables
      is presented. The general combination algorithm, a particular implementation of
      this algorithm, and an interactive approach to combining functional images are
      described. Combined phase and amplitude images derived from gated blood-pool
      studies are presented to illustrate the method, and other applications of the
      technique in nuclear medicine are suggested.

PMID- 3878290
TI  - Optimization of collimators for imaging positron emitters by a gamma camera.
AB  - The imaging of positron-emitting isotopes using a gamma camera requires special
      collimators. A ray-tracing method for simulating the point-spread function of
      collimators and, therefore, the total gamma camera system is presented. Simulated
      data obtained by this method showed good agreement with experimental data. Using
      this method, optimal lead and tungsten collimators for positron emitters were
      devised; at an object distance of B = 100 mm, these yielded a point-spread
      function with an FWHMtot = 9.1 mm using an intrinsic resolution of FWHMintr = 8.0
      mm.

PMID- 3878291
TI  - Myocardial positron computed tomography with 13N-ammonia at rest and during
      exercise.
AB  - To assess the value of myocardial-perfusion positron computed tomography (PCT)
      for the evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD), 13N-ammonia PCT using a
      whole-body multislice PCT device was performed at rest and during exercise in 6
      normal subjects and 19 patients with angiographically documented CAD. The 13N
      ammonia distribution in the myocardium was assessed both qualitatively and
      quantitatively. At rest and during exercise, the tracer distribution was
      homogeneous in the 6 normal cases. In the 19 patients with CAD, regional
      hypoperfusion was observed in 14 cases (74%) at rest and in 18 cases (95%) during
      exercise. Additional perfusion abnormalities were detecting during exercise in 12
      cases. Segmental analysis of the myocardial perfusion identified 30 out of 34
      stenosed vessels (88%) during exercise, with only one false-positive finding of
      diseased vessels (specificity, 98%). For the quantitative analysis of myocardial
      perfusion by PCT, the percentage of change in the tracer concentration in the
      same region between the rest and stress images was calculated. The concentration
      was slightly increased in normal myocardial segments (14.4% +/- 5.8%; P less than
      0.001), whereas in CAD, it was significantly decreased in segments with stenosed
      vessels (-18.0% +/- 18.3%; P less than 0.02). We conclude that 13N-ammonia PCT at
      rest and during exercise provides high-quality images, and is a sensitive and
      effective technique for detecting CAD and identifying individual stenosed
      vessels. Furthermore, this technique makes possible quantitative assessment of
      the coronary reserve function.

PMID- 3878292
TI  - The measurement of radiation doses from P32 chromic phosphate therapy of the
      peritoneum using SPECT.
AB  - Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has been shown to be of value
      in estimating the radiation dose to the peritoneum from 32P therapy. Simple
      dosimetry calculations, assuming uniform irradiation of tissue, indicate that
      radiation doses of approximately 40 Gy to the peritoneal surface are achieved.
      However, the images show that the radionuclide distribution is non-uniform,
      giving rise to radiation dose variations of at least a factor of 10.

PMID- 3878293
TI  - Specific considerations in the interpretation of single-photon-emission computed
      tomography of the normal liver.
AB  - In our hospital, single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) has been
      routinely used instead of conventional scintigraphy in the examination of the
      liver and spleen in more than 3,000 patients. This technique is preferred because
      it provides more detailed information and better contrast resolution than planar
      views. However, using the SPECT technique, normal variations in liver anatomy are
      more apparent, and certain cases--in particular those with a wide main lobar
      fissure combined with a prominent gall bladder fossa as well as cases with a
      large hilus--may erroneously be interpreted as having a focal lesion. In order to
      facilitate the interpretation of SPECT examinations of the liver, the most common
      difficulties and pitfalls arising from normal variations in hepatic anatomy,
      indentations caused by surrounding organs and partial-volume effects are
      described and compared with the findings of corresponding transmission computed
      tomograms.

PMID- 3878294
TI  - Neonatal hepatitis with obstructive jaundice in an SZ heterozygous alpha 1
      antitrypsin-deficient boy and destructive lung disease in his SZ mother. A review
      of the literature.
AB  - SZ-Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, leading to severe transient neonatal
      cholestasis with mild hepatitis is rare. In our patient, intrahepatic bile duct
      hypoplasia was suspected. Since cholecystography and hepatic scintigraphy failed
      to reveal intrahepatic bile ducts, a diagnostic surgical liver biopsy was
      performed. Typical intrahepatocytic PAS-positive granules and a low serum alpha 1
      antitrypsin concentration allowed a correct diagnosis of the SZ phenotype. The
      administration of an elementary diet quickly improved the clinical condition of
      our patient. Follow-up studies of this case and others will allow a better
      establishment of prognostic criteria and help in genetic counselling.

PMID- 3878295
TI  - Diphtheritic septicaemia and probable endocarditis: a case report and review of
      the literature.
AB  - Corynebacterium diphtheriae usually produces an infection limited to the
      respiratory tract and the organisms rarely invade the blood stream. We report the
      case of a 6-year-old girl who, 2 months after an unsuccessful repair of a
      ventricular septal defect, developed septicaemia with non-toxigenic C.
      diphtheriae. The organism appeared resistant to penicillin in vitro and failed to
      respond to a course of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to which it was susceptible
      in the laboratory. A cure was finally achieved using cephalothin and gentamicin,
      followed by an additional course of ampicillin and amoxicillin. Twelve previously
      recorded cases of diphtheritic sepsis and endocarditis are reviewed.

PMID- 3878296
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of human epidermal growth factor in human breast cyst fluid.
AB  - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was assayed radioimmunologically in three
      secretions of the human mammary gland: milk (n = 16), colostrum (n = 8) and
      breast cyst fluid (n = 139). The immunoreactivity (immunoreactive EGF) detected
      in these three fluids corresponds directly to monomeric EGF, as can be shown by
      the complete cross-reaction with the standard and the identical behaviour in
      chromatography on Sephadex G50. The mean concentration of EGF is significantly
      greater in breast cyst fluid (241 +/- 143 ng/ml) and in colostrum (197 +/- 56
      ng/ml) than in milk (107 +/- 22 ng/ml). The range of individual values in cyst
      fluid is large, 5-945 ng/ml. A possible role of EGF as a paracrine or autocrine
      factor in the pathology of cystic dysplasia of the mammary gland and in the
      increased risk of malignant transformation is hypothesised.

PMID- 3878297
TI  - Distribution of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole in blood during treatment with
      co-trimoxazole.
AB  - Changes in the distribution of sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim in whole blood,
      plasma and erythrocytes at steady-state in patients treated with cotrimoxazole
      have been studied. Unlike sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim was weakly bound to
      erythrocytes and was partially liberated when the erythrocytes were rinsed with
      isotonic saline. The maximal steady-state concentration of trimethoprim in whole
      blood was 3 mg/l, but calculated on the basis of the concentration determined in
      erythrocytes it was 1.8 mg/l. Erythrocytes may be of great significance in
      trimethoprim distribution as carriers of a readily liberated reservoir of the
      drug. Acetylated sulphamethoxazole derivatives occurred in a higher percentage in
      erythrocytes at the maximal steady-state concentration (9.9%) than at the level
      (7.3%), which may help in interpreting the behaviour of this metabolite in other
      cells in the organism.

PMID- 3878298
TI  - Prazosin: effect on psychomotor-stimulant cues and locomotor activity in mice.
AB  - Mice trained to discriminate 1 mg/kg d-amphetamine from saline, or the selective
      norepinephrine uptake inhibitor, nisoxetine, from saline, cross-generalized to
      the alternate drug. They also generalized to 5.6 mg/kg cocaine. The cues produced
      by amphetamine were antagonized by the selective alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist,
      prazosin, and slightly potentiated by the selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor
      antagonist, yohimbine. The nisoxetine cue was also antagonized by prazosin. In
      contrast, the peripherally acting sympathomimetics, p-hydroxyamphetamine and
      phenylpropranolamine, failed to substitute for, and pimozide and propranolol
      failed to block, either drug cue. In addition, prazosin, at a dose that did not
      affect either saline-associated locomotor behavior in mice or the locomotor
      activity increase produced by the dopamine uptake inhibitor, bupropion, also
      antagonized the locomotor stimulation produced by amphetamine and cocaine. Thus,
      in mice, both the cues and locomotor stimulation produced by amphetamine and
      cocaine appear to be at least partially mediated by central alpha 1-adrenoceptor
      activation secondary to increased central synaptic concentrations of
      norepinephrine.

PMID- 3878299
TI  - Circulating CGRP comes from the perivascular nerves.

PMID- 3878300
TI  - SKF 38393 and apomorphine modify locomotion and exploration in rats placed on a
      holeboard by separate actions at dopamine D-1 and D-2 receptors.
AB  - Horizontal motor activity, rearing and head dipping were recorded automatically
      in rats placed on a holeboard and taken as indices of locomotion and exploration.
      Other behaviours were assessed visually using a video camera. SKF 38393, 15-30
      mg/kg (D-1 agonist), suppressed all three behavioural measures more effectively
      in habituated than in naive rats. These actions were blocked by SCH 23390 (0.05
      mg/kg, D-1 antagonist) but not by haloperidol (0.05 mg/kg, D-2 antagonist).
      Apomorphine modified behaviour biphasically, causing haloperidol-resistant
      sedation at a low, presynaptic dose (0.05 mg/kg) and haloperidol-sensitive
      hyperactivity and stereotyped sniffing at a larger, postsynaptic dose (0.5 mg/kg,
      especially after habituation). Neither action was antagonised by SCH 23390. The
      results support the conclusion that D-1 and D-2 dopamine recognition sites can
      separately influence the processes controlling locomotion and exploratory
      activity in normal rats.

PMID- 3878301
TI  - Rectal administration of choline theophyllinate in adult asthmatics on
      theophylline maintenance therapy.
AB  - The relief of bronchial obstruction from theophylline administered intravenously
      and as retention enema was compared in a controlled double-blind cross-over study
      in 21 adult patients with reversible bronchial obstruction, who were on
      continuous treatment with an individually adjusted maintenance dose of oral
      theophylline. In two sessions the patients received in random order a 10 ml
      aminophylline infusion intravenously (180 mg theophylline) and the equivalent of
      400 mg theophylline rectally in the form of choline theophyllinate, followed by
      serial determinations of ventilatory function and plasma theophylline levels
      during the next 8 h. Significant improvement of FEV1 within 1 h was recorded with
      both treatments and the duration of the effect was very similar for the two
      routes of administration. The patients were in stable state while taking part in
      the experiment but the similarity in the outcome suggests that choline
      theophyllinate administered as retention enema, although slower acting,
      represents a useful alternative to intravenous aminophylline also in the
      management of acute episodes of bronchial obstruction.

PMID- 3878302
TI  - Effects of smoking and intermediate alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiMZ) on lung
      function.
AB  - To assess the role of smoking and heterozygous (PiMZ) alpha 1-antitrypsin
      deficiency as risk factors in the pathogenesis of emphysema, we compared results
      of FEV1.0 (and FEV%) measurements in a random population sample of 56-year-old
      men with those obtained in an investigation 6 years earlier. We studied 32 PiMZ
      heterozygotes (14 smokers) and 31 PiM controls (13 smokers), representing 81% of
      the initial series. The annual decline in FEV1.0 values in non-smoking 56-year
      old PiMZ men did not differ from PiM controls (smokers or non-smokers). In
      contrast, smoking heterozygotes showed a significantly higher mean annual
      decrease in FEV1.0 than non-smoking heterozygotes (75 ml and 40 ml/year
      respectively). In spite of this evidence of a modest accelerating effect on lung
      ageing among smoking PiMZ subjects during the 6 years covered by the study, no
      increased prevalence of clinical obstructive lung disease was noted.

PMID- 3878303
TI  - [Effect of vinblastine and cyclophosphamide on the formation of antigen-induced B
      suppressors].
AB  - Seven days after administration of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) to CBA and (CBA X
      C57BL/6) F1 mice antigen-induced B-suppressors are formed in the spleen. These
      suppressors are capable of inhibiting the unirradiated syngeneic recipients'
      response to SRBC. Administration to donors to vinblastine (1.5 mg/kg)
      concurrently with SRBC did not affect and partially reversed, 5 days after SRBC,
      the formation of antigen-induced suppressors. On the contrary, administration to
      donors of cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg) 24 h prior to SRBC or in a dose of 250
      mg/kg concurrently with SRBC or 5 days after SRBC completely reversed the
      formation of antigen-induced suppressors.

PMID- 3878304
TI  - On the contents and importance of methionine in rabbit alpha 1-proteinase
      inhibitors F and S.

PMID- 3878305
TI  - Serum antibodies to DNA in psoriatics.

PMID- 3878306
TI  - Active cell movements and embryonic cholinesterase in the postmetamorphic
      completion of the adrenal morphogenesis in frogs.
AB  - The adrenal gland in Rana esculenta complex, as in other advanced anurans, is not
      yet in its definitive position at the end of the metamorphosis and reaches it
      subsequently, before sexual maturity. The displacement takes place by various
      means, among which active cellular movements prevail. These are demonstrated by
      the presence of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in noninnervated cells (embryonic
      AChE). The disintegration of the connective tissues which delimit the cords of
      the adrenal gland, the passive transport of cells by the blood vessels and the
      movements of adjacent renal and mesenchymal cells collaborate with the active
      movements of the adrenal cells.

PMID- 3878307
TI  - The inactivation of plasma alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by nitrous acid.
AB  - Exposure of alpha 1-PI to nitrous acid resulted in a complete inactivation of
      either of its elastase or trypsin inhibitors activities. Amino acid analyses of
      the nitrous acid treated inhibitor revealed only losses of one tryphanyl and
      three lysyl residues. Reductive methylation of alpha 1-PI offered no protection
      against loss of activity by nitrous acid. Since no further loss of lysyl residues
      was observed upon exposure of fully active reductively methylated alpha 1-PI to
      nitrous acid, modification of one tryptophanyl residue appears to be responsible
      for the inhibitor's sensitivity to nitrous acid. Absorption spectral studies of
      the nitrous acid treated alpha 1-PI indicated that the tryptophanyl residue was
      modified to its N-nitroso derivative.

PMID- 3878309
TI  - Biological effects of biosynthetic human EGF on the growth of mammalian cells in
      vitro.
AB  - The effects were examined of biosynthetic human epidermal growth factor (Bh-EGF)
      produced from cloned E. coli on DNA synthesis and all divisions of 13 different
      kinds of primary and established cell lines. Primary cultures of mammary
      epithelia, hepatocytes and stomach cells were strongly stimulated by EGF to
      undergo DNA synthesis in serum-free culture medium with concentrations of Bh-EGF
      as low as 0.1-10 ng/ml. In sharp contrast, 0.1-100 ng/ml of Bh-EGF failed to
      enhance thymidine incorporation into DNA when applied to established cell lines
      using the serum-free medium. Higher concentrations of Bh-EGF (30-100 ng/ml)
      promoted morphological changes only in hepatocytes, e.g., elongation, enlargement
      and projection of their cytoplasm. The above results were also obtained in mouse
      EGF (m-EGF). In our binding assay, Bh-EGF competed against [125I]-m-EGF with a
      one-fourth to one-fifth efficacy when compared with m-EGF. It was concluded that
      the in vitro biological activity of Bh-EGF was similar to that of m-EGF.

PMID- 3878308
TI  - Motile cells lacking hyaluronidase can penetrate the hamster oocyte cumulus
      complex.
AB  - Sperm hyaluronidase is thought to assist in penetration of the extracellular
      matrix (ECM) between the cumulus and corona radiata cells surrounding mammalian
      oocytes. The question was asked: Can motile cells which lack hyaluronidase
      penetrate the hamster oocyte cumulus complex (OCC)? Sea urchin
      (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) and frog (Rana catesbeiana) sperm and the
      unicellular, biflagellated, green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were extracted
      and found to contain no hyaluronidase activity. Moreover, none of these cells was
      able to disperse the cumulus cells of hamster OCC, nor did they affect the
      ultrastructure of the ECM between cells. Fresh hamster OCC were challenged with
      suspensions of each cell type. Frog and sea urchin sperm penetrated to the zona
      pellucida surface in less than 5 min. A cell wall-less mutant of Chlamydomonas
      also penetrated to the zona surface but required longer than 5 min. Wild-type
      Chlamydomonas penetrated only halfway to the zona, perhaps because its cell wall
      adhered to the ECM between the cumulus cells and retarded its movement. The
      motility of the frog and sea urchin sperm was not affected by the ECM of the OCC.
      Frog sperm exhibited slow lethargic motility yet had no difficulty penetrating to
      the zona; this indicates that hyperactivated motility is not required for
      penetration of the ECM. None of the challenge cells penetrated the zona
      pellucida, although the frog sperm did compress the weave of the zona. These data
      show that motile cells which lack the enzyme hyaluronidase can readily penetrate
      the ECM of the hamster cumulus and corona radiata and suggest that the
      significance of hyaluronidase in fertilization should be reevaluated.

PMID- 3878310
TI  - [Different clinical and prognostic aspects of angina pectoris in unstable phase].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to focus on the clinical and angiographic
      characteristics of 113 patients with crescendo angina (Group I) as compared to
      187 patients with angina of new onset (Group II), selected from a series of 474
      consecutive subjects, admitted to our clinic between January 1976 and July 1983
      because of recurrent episodes of spontaneous angina, who underwent cardiac
      catheterization and coronary angiography within one month of hospitalization.
      Group I patients showed a greater incidence of prior transmural myocardial
      infarction (p less than 0.01), arterial hypertension (p less than 0.01),
      multivessel disease (p less than 0.01) and a lower value of left ventricular
      ejection fraction (p less than 0.01) than Group II patients. In the latter group
      of patients anginal episodes were more frequently associated with S-T segment
      elevation than with S-T segment depression (p less than 0.001), while the
      opposite was found in patients with crescendo angina. Survival curves up to five
      years showed that medically treated patients with crescendo angina had a worse
      long-term prognosis than patients with unstable angina of new onset (p less than
      0.01). On the contrary no difference was found between the surgically treated
      patients of the two groups. Our data suggest that the more diffuse involvement of
      the coronary tree associated with a more depressed left ventricular function may
      result in an unfavorable long-term prognosis in patients with crescendo angina as
      compared to those with unstable angina of new onset. Such a difference between
      the two groups was abolished by surgical treatment.

PMID- 3878311
TI  - The usefulness of serum PABA measurement after BT-PABA administration in the
      diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - We examined the maximal serum PABA concentration within 3 hrs (MS-PABA) and the 6
      hr urinary PABA recovery (6 hr U-PABA) after BT-PABA administration, PABA
      excretion index, and chymotrypsin secretory response to caerulein-secretin
      stimulation in ten control subjects and fifteen patients with chronic
      pancreatitis diagnosed on the basis of pancreatograms. The results suggested that
      MS-PABA can distinguish the patients with definite irregular dilatation of the
      main pancreatic duct from the controls, but not those with localized irregular
      dilatations of the side branches from the controls. MS-PABA showed a significant
      correlation with 6 hr U-PABA, PABA excretion index, chymotrypsin output and
      bicarbonate output. This modified method was shown to be useful in the diagnosis
      of chronic pancreatitis with unequivocally abnormal pancreatograms and/or
      markedly decreased chymotrypsin secretion. This modification will serve to
      simplify the BT-PABA test by eliminating urinary collection and shortening the
      procedure time.

PMID- 3878312
TI  - Preliminary clinical experience with the heat probe at endoscopy in acute upper
      gastrointestinal bleeding.
AB  - The heat probe is a recently developed instrument for endoscopic treatment of
      bleeding. A prototype probe was used in 16 patients with significant hemorrhage
      from peptic ulcers (10 duodenal and six gastric). It proved impossible to treat
      four of the patients with duodenal ulcers because of obscuring clots or active
      bleeding. Rebleeding occurred in only one of 12 patients who had undergone
      successful application of the probe and ceased after a second treatment. There
      were no complications due to treatment.

PMID- 3878313
TI  - Streptococcus bovis endocarditis presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding.

PMID- 3878314
TI  - [Cohort analysis of cervical cancer mortality in Austria].
AB  - Cytological screening has reduced mortality of cervical cancer in Austria. It has
      cut mortality of carcinoma of the uterus by one third from 1966 to 1982. In
      causes of deaths screening has mainly reduced mortality from cancer of other and
      unspecified parts of uterus. A new nomenclature introduced in 1969 has
      strengthened the decreasing trend with regard to cancer of other and unspecified
      parts of uterus and has compensated the screening effect in mortality from
      cervical carcinoma (the decreasing trend was preceded by an increase). This shift
      of cervix cancer deaths cases from the position mortality from cancer of other
      and unspecified parts of uterus to mortality from cervical cancer is the reason
      that the latter does not reflect the real trend of cervical cancer mortality. The
      analysis of cervical cancer by birth cohort and age at death (1966-1981) show the
      effect of screening in the younger births cohorts of age groups 40-44, 45-49 and
      50-54 and in older ages of cohorts born in 1927-1932, 1932-1936 and 1937-1941
      respectively.

PMID- 3878315
TI  - Oral lesion: diagnosis.

PMID- 3878316
TI  - [Dynamic case of a child with the Zivert-Kartagener syndrome].

PMID- 3878317
TI  - [Propylthiouracil-induced lupus-like syndrome].

PMID- 3878318
TI  - [Mitral valve prolapse in hereditary multiple exostoses].

PMID- 3878319
TI  - [The brain--a special case of immune defense. New insights into the immunologic
      status of the central nervous system].

PMID- 3878320
TI  - A lethal complication of peripheral vein vasopressin infusion.
AB  - A patient bleeding from oesophageal varices in whom injection sclerotherapy
      failed to control bleeding required peripheral vein vasopressin infusion for a
      total of five days. Three days after stopping the infusion she collapsed and
      died. Post mortem examination showed the cause of death to be intestinal
      infarction resulting from superior mesenteric and portal vein thrombosis. This
      complication has not previously been described in association with vasopressin
      infusion into peripheral veins. The duration of each infusion should be minimised
      and blood volume should be carefully monitored throughout. The condition should
      be suspected in patients who develop unexplained abdominal pain or collapse
      following vasopressin treatment.

PMID- 3878321
TI  - Budd-Chiari syndrome and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.
AB  - A 44 year old man with Budd-Chiari syndrome and heterozygous PiMZ alpha-1
      antitrypsin deficiency is reported. This association has not been reported before
      and its significance remains to be established.

PMID- 3878322
TI  - Shared idiotypes are expressed on mouse and human anti-DNA autoantibodies.
AB  - The expression of common idiotypes on human and mouse anti-DNA monoclonal
      autoantibodies made by hybridomas was examined by their competitive binding to
      anti-idiotype antibodies. Some murine autoantibodies inhibited the binding of a
      human anti-DNA autoantibody 16/6 to monoclonal or polyclonal anti-idiotypic
      antibodies. Another human antibody (134) was not inhibited in its binding to
      homologous anti-idiotypic antibodies. The expression of the human 16/6 idiotype
      on mouse antibodies was restricted to those that had a specificity similar to the
      16/6 antibody itself, their major properties being that they reacted more
      strongly with single stranded DNA (ssDNA) than double stranded DNA (dsDNA). One
      mouse antibody expressing the 16/6 idiotype also bound weakly to RNA. The results
      imply structural similarities between the binding sites of the antibodies in the
      two species, and are consistent with evolutionary conservation of V genes coding
      for primitive ancestral antibodies that react with DNA and become diversified
      through somatic mutation.

PMID- 3878323
TI  - Anchorage and lymphocyte function. Acquisition of spontaneous motile behaviour by
      human blood lymphocytes and its modulation by concanavalin A.
AB  - The majority of splenic lymphocytes were motile, showing lamellipodial activity
      almost immediately after purification. In contrast, fresh blood lymphocytes were
      non-motile and maintained their spherical suspension morphology. The number of
      motile blood lymphocytes increased markedly during a 2-day in vitro culture
      period. This increase was enhanced by high cell density and required a
      metabolically active cell with protein synthesis but not exogenous mitogens. The
      spontaneous development of motility in different subpopulations of blood
      lymphocytes was analysed by means of monoclonal antibodies. The results indicated
      that cells which were motile immediately after purification were almost
      exclusively non-T lymphocytes. Lymphocytes which became motile during in vitro
      culture included both T and non-T cells. Substrate adhesion mediated by
      concanavalin A (Con A) changed the morphology of motile T lymphocytes and instead
      of being polar, the cells flattened over the substratum and acquired a non-polar
      shape. Furthermore, the morphogenetic response induced by Con A-mediated
      substrate adhesion appeared to distinguish T and non-T lymphocytes. Thus, the
      length of the cell perimeter showing lamellar activity was greater in T than in
      non-T lymphocytes, and the degree of polarity was greater in non-T (with and
      without B-cell markers) than in T lymphocytes.

PMID- 3878324
TI  - Autoanti-allotype antibodies and idiotypic network regulating allotype production
      in rabbits.
AB  - Anti-idiotype sera were prepared by immunization of inbred B/J as well as random
      bred rabbits with anti-b4 antibodies from a syngeneic rabbit. These antisera
      inhibited the binding between b4 and anti-b4 from different animals to various
      degrees. Anti-anti-idiotype sera prepared in syngeneic rabbits also inhibited the
      binding between anti-b4 and anti-idiotype from different animals, and did not
      contain anti-b4 antibodies. These results suggest that at least some anti-b4 and
      anti-idiotype antibodies could carry the same or similar idiotypes, respectively.
      Treatment of b4b5 F1(B/J X Chbb:HM) hybrids at birth with these anti-idiotype
      sera from B/J rabbits resulted in a modulated production of the allelic allotypes
      in the serum. Anti-idiotype serum against anti-b4 induced an elevated production
      of b4 with little effect on the production of b5 in the same serum. In F1 hybrids
      born from a doe immunized with anti-idiotype antibodies against anti-b4, there
      was a decreased production of b4, followed by a gradual recovery to normal
      levels. Serum b5 levels in F1 offspring of one particular Chbb:HM doe were
      extremely low, as compared with those in other F1 hybrids and the b4/b5 ratio in
      the serum was unusually high. Such low b5 levels were no longer observed when
      offspring of this doe were given normal b5 serum at birth. Anti-b5 activity was
      not detected in the serum of this doe. These observations strongly suggest the
      presence in normal rabbits of the autoanti-allotype antibody and of the idiotypic
      network involving this antibody and regulating allotype production.

PMID- 3878325
TI  - Induction of persistent autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in mice by combined use of
      rat erythrocyte preimmunization and chronic GVHR.
AB  - Female F1 mice (BDF1: C57BL/6 x DBA/2, BCF1: C57BL/6 x C3H/HeN, BBF1: C57BL/6 x
      BALB/c) were preimmunized with rat erythrocytes and then received splenic T cells
      from parental female C57BL/6 mice injected with hydrocortisone acetate before
      killing. In BDF1 and BCF1 mice, direct Coombs' test (DCT) positivity persisted
      for more than 4 months in almost all mice. They also showed haematological sign
      of anaemia, and the survival of infused 51Cr-labelled parental C57BL/6
      erythrocytes was reduced. In BBF1 mice, DCT positivity returned to negative
      within 2 months. Autoantibodies were eluted from DCT-positive erythrocytes and
      their specificities were examined. They were capable of binding equally well to
      erythrocytes from all strains of mice tested, including the donor mice. They also
      cross-reacted with rat erythrocytes but not with sheep, rabbit or human
      erythrocytes. Isotypes of the autoantibodies eluted were also examined.
      Interestingly, isotypes of the autoantibodies obtained from individual mice were
      confined to one or other subclass of IgG isotype: IgG1, IgG2a or IgG2b.

PMID- 3878326
TI  - In vivo activity of interleukin-2: conversion of a stimulus causing
      unresponsiveness to a stimulus causing contact hypersensitivity by the injection
      of interleukin-2.
AB  - The intravenous injection of hapten-modified (picrylated) cells causes
      unresponsiveness. When conventional or recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) is also
      injected, strong contact sensitivity occurs. This IL-2 is effective when given 7
      hr after the injection of the picrylated cells or 2 days later, but has no effect
      when given beforehand. It is suggested that picrylated cells given intravenously
      fail to induce contact sensitivity secondary to a failure of IL-2 production, and
      that IL-2 may be one of the second signals which converts a 'tolerogenic'
      stimulus into an immunogenic stimulus.

PMID- 3878327
TI  - Induction of sIg-negative B lymphocytes for differentiation by PWM.
AB  - It has been reported in the literature that PWM-responsive B lymphocytes are
      sIgM+, sIgD-, lack receptors for mouse erythrocytes, and are larger than PWM
      negative lymphocytes. This paper describes the observation of B cells among the
      thymocytes from a patient with myasthenia gravis. In the thymocytes, actually no
      sIg+ cell was found, and Staphylococcus aureus Cowen strain I could not induce
      the mononuclear cells in the thymus to differentiate. It was surprising that 6.9
      per cent of the cells were BA-1 positive cells. At the same time, in the presence
      of PWM, 9680 +/- 555 cells out of 1 X 10(-6) thymocytes could be induced to
      differentiate to immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) in culture. This result
      suggests that PWM might be able to induce sIg- B lymphocytes to differentiate as
      well.

PMID- 3878328
TI  - Mechanisms of interleukin-2-mediated signaling and role of calcium in T cell
      mitogenesis.
AB  - In T lymphocytes stimulated by concanavalin A (Con A), interleukin 2 (IL-2) acts
      on the late G1 stage of the cell cycle. Ca2+ uptake by T cells was not enhanced
      with the stimulation of Con A (initiation) or IL-2 (late G1 stage), but Ca2+
      requirement was observed at the two stages. These results indicate that the
      enhancement of Ca2+ uptake is not necessary, but intracellular Ca2+ may act as an
      important messenger in T cell mitogenesis.

PMID- 3878329
TI  - Strategies to reduce infant mortality rate in India.

PMID- 3878330
TI  - Why infant mortality is low in Kerala.

PMID- 3878331
TI  - Morbidity and mortality in diarrhea in rural Haryana.

PMID- 3878332
TI  - Anterior dislocation of the pyramidal part of a congenital cataract.

PMID- 3878333
TI  - Hypertension in diabetes as related to nephropathy. Early blood pressure changes.
AB  - We measured the blood pressure under standardized conditions in three groups of
      patients with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes: group 1, patients with
      Albustix-negative urine and normal urinary albumin excretion rate below 20
      micrograms/min; group 2, patients with Albustix-negative urine and elevated
      urinary albumin excretion rate 20 to 200 micrograms/min; and group 3, patients
      with Albustix-positive urine at the time of diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy,
      that is, proteinuria greater than 0.5 g/24 hr on four consecutive visits with an
      interval of more than 1 month. We also studied blood pressure data at the time of
      diagnosis of diabetes in patients with type I diabetes who later died with severe
      nephropathy (n = 84), and in those who survived their disease for more than 40
      years (n = 256). Patients subsequently developing diabetic nephropathy could not
      be identified on the basis of systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure during the
      first 2 to 10 years of diabetes. Our study also demonstrated that the blood
      pressure in group 3 (147/93 mm Hg) was significantly higher than that in group 2
      (135/86 mm Hg), which again was higher than that in group 1 (128/79 mm Hg). We
      concluded that arterial hypertension is an early feature in the developing of
      diabetic nephropathy, with blood pressure rising before the presence of clinical
      proteinuria.

PMID- 3878334
TI  - Blood pressure changes and renal function in incipient and overt diabetic
      nephropathy.
AB  - Four studies are included in this report on the relationship of blood pressure,
      protein excretion, and renal hemodynamics, where renal function was measured by
      125I-iothalamate clearance and 131I-hippuran clearance, and urinary albumin
      excretion was measured by radioimmunoassay. The first concerns the relationship
      between blood pressure and renal function in a cross-sectional study of 56
      patients with type I diabetes with various degrees of renal involvement. In the
      second, multiple regression analysis was used in a prospective study of diabetic
      nephropathy in patients with type I diabetes. Inclusion criteria were age at
      diagnosis less than 20 years, initial diabetes duration 3 to 20 years, and follow
      up period more than 7 years. Urinary albumin was less than 70 micrograms/min, and
      glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, and urinary albumin were measured
      in all patients. The third was a long-term follow-up study of persons with type I
      diabetes, with special reference to development of changes in urinary albumin,
      glomerular filtration rate, and blood pressure. Diabetes duration in this study
      was 7 to 20 years. Finally, a prospective study was conducted on clinical
      proteinuria and mortality in patients with type II diabetes, with special
      reference to initial urinary albumin and blood pressure. A close association was
      established among all variables measured in the cross-sectional study. On
      multiple regression analysis as well as in the long-term follow-up study, it
      appeared that both elevated urinary albumin (greater than 15 micrograms/min at
      baseline) and high glomerular filtration rate (greater than 150 ml/min) are major
      determinants for subsequent progression to nephropathy. In patients with type II
      disease, increase in urinary albumin is a strong predictor for development of
      proteinuria and early mortality. High blood pressure seems not to be a major
      determinant in these patients, but further studies are required.

PMID- 3878335
TI  - Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestation in relation to economic status in
      a village population of Howrah district, West Bengal.

PMID- 3878336
TI  - A study of prevalence of bacterial infections and parasitic infestations in an
      urban slum community.

PMID- 3878337
TI  - Childhood tumors with special reference to epithelial malignancies.

PMID- 3878338
TI  - Ecology of adolescents' marijuana abuse.
AB  - Sixteen adolescent marijuana abusers reported data on the ecology of their use
      over a 3-month period. Abusers recorded data on the day, date, time, place,
      frequency, and amount of use. They also included information on their mood and
      functioning, and with whom they used marijuana. Peak use occurred just prior to
      school, at lunch, and in the early evening. Adolescents' homes, friends' houses,
      school, and cars represented 67% of locations in which marijuana was used. Happy,
      relaxed, and tired comprised 81% of moods experienced during time of use. Average
      core network was 5.8 individuals while casual networks averaged 15.5 adolescents.
      Presence of others during use was associated with abusers' increased use and
      decreased functioning.

PMID- 3878339
TI  - Unemployment and health: an analysis of "Canada Health Survey" data.
AB  - This paper provides a cross-sectional analysis of the physical and emotional well
      being of employed and unemployed workers. The data used consists of a sub-sample
      (N = 14,313) drawn from the Canada Health Survey's national probability sample (N
      = 31,688). The analysis indicates substantial health differences between employed
      and unemployed individuals. The unemployed showed significantly higher levels of
      distress, greater short-term and long-term disability, reported a large number of
      health problems, had been patients more often, and used proportionately more
      health services. Consistent with these measures, derived from self-reported data,
      physician-diagnosed measures also indicate a greater vulnerability of unemployed
      individuals to serious physical ailments such as heart trouble, pain in heart and
      chest, high blood pressure, spells of faint-dizziness, bone-joint problems and
      hypertension. While these health differences between the employed and unemployed
      persisted across socio-economic and demographic conditions, further analysis
      indicated strong interaction effects of SES and demographic variables on the
      association of employment status with physical and emotional health. Females and
      older unemployed individuals reported more health problems and physician visits
      whereas the younger unemployed (under 40) reported more psychological distress.
      The blue-collar unemployed were found to be considerably more vulnerable to
      physical illness whereas the unemployed with professional background reported
      more psychological distress. The low-income unemployed who were also the
      principal family earners, were the most psychologically distressed. A regional
      look at the data showed that the low-income unemployed suffered the most in terms
      of depressed mood in each region of the country. It is apparent that unemployment
      and its health impact reflect the wider class-based inequalities of advanced
      industrial societies. The need for social policies that effectively reduce
      unemployment and the detrimental impact of unemployment is clear.

PMID- 3878340
TI  - On longitudinal versus cross-sectional studies of obesity: possible artefacts.
AB  - Within the framework of a large-scale research project on overweight,
      relationships between body mass index (BMI; weight/height) and two types of
      eating behaviour (restrained eating and emotional eating) were determined. All
      results obtained on one assessment date in a longitudinal study within this
      project were found to differ significantly from those of a cross-sectional study.
      The present study aimed to replicate these results on another assessment date of
      the same longitudinal study, and in another cross-sectional sample. The two types
      of studies were found to differ systematically. This difference may well be
      attributable to greater prevalence in the longitudinal study of the response set,
      acquiescence in the women of normal weight, and social desirability in the
      overweight women. These response biases may have resulted from sensitization of
      the subject to the questionnaires, and also from the intensive contact between
      subject and investigator due to repeated measurements. Thus in further studies
      use of independent response-set marker scales is recommended to improve
      identification and control of response sets.

PMID- 3878341
TI  - Histiocytosis X: otologic presentations.
AB  - Histiocytosis X is a relatively rare disease presenting as 3 clinical syndromes:
      eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease, and Abt-Letterer-Siwe
      disease. Although the clinical expressions of the disease differ, the underlying
      histopathology appears to be the same. Since the disease frequently involves and
      not infrequently presents in the head and neck region, it is particularly
      relevant to the otolaryngologist. We have recently treated two young children
      presenting with bilateral otorrhea. Although histiocytosis X was entertained
      early in the evaluation of these patients, the diagnosis was difficult and
      prolonged in both cases. One case ultimately required electron microscopic study
      to confirm the diagnosis. Important aspects of the diagnosis are reviewed.
      Treatment of histiocytosis X includes surgery, radiation therapy and
      chemotherapy. These treatment strategies are discussed, with particular emphasis
      on the management of the ear involvement.

PMID- 3878342
TI  - Effect of respiratory motion on pulmonary activity determinations by positron
      tomography in dogs.
AB  - The effect of respiratory motion on pulmonary activity determinations by positron
      emission tomography (PET) was studied in dogs with experimentally created
      pulmonary emboli (PE). The location of the PE was evaluated by planar 99mTc lung
      imaging to determine the appropriate sites for transaxial PET scans. PET scans of
      the lung then were obtained after i.v. injection of 68Ga-labeled microspheres.
      PET scans were acquired during slow (15 breaths/min) and fast (30 breaths/min)
      breathing with the same minute ventilation and then postmortem. Lung perfusion
      patterns were documented by i.v. injection of India ink before sacrifice. Cross
      sections of the excised lungs were made at the same levels as the PET scans, and
      eight sections containing 14 perfusion defects were analyzed. The scans obtained
      during slow breathing consistently showed edge blurring and demonstrated defects
      less well than scans obtained during fast breathing or postmortem. The normal-to
      defect activity ratios during fast breathing and on the postmortem studies were
      similar and approximately 17% higher (P less than .01) than in scans obtained in
      the same animals during slow breathing. The results demonstrate the need for
      motion correction during quantitative analysis of regional lung activity by
      positron tomography, and suggest that high-frequency respiration at small tidal
      volumes may be one means for obtaining this correction.

PMID- 3878343
TI  - General practice studies with combined pivampicillin/pivmecillinam (Miraxid).

PMID- 3878344
TI  - Acute renal cortical necrosis as revealed by computerized tomography.

PMID- 3878345
TI  - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a child of Swiss origin whose mother died
      from AIDS].
AB  - Report of a now 2 8/12-year-old girl, who presented at the age of 8 months with
      chronic progressive pneumonia, mucocutaneous candidiasis, diarrhea, failure to
      thrive and a non-progressive paraplegia. The child's mother presented AIDS with
      pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and progressive general paralysis one year after
      the beginning of the child's disease and died within a few months. Additional
      findings in the child include lymphopenia, hyperimmunoglobulinemia, cutaneous
      anergy and an abnormal T helper/T suppressor cell ratio. HTLV-III antibodies were
      positive (ELISA and Western blot virus strip RIA). Prophylactic treatment with Co
      trimoxazole relieved pulmonary infections but failure to thrive remained
      unchanged in spite of a continuous nutritional support. A vertical mode of
      transmission of AIDS from mother to child seems very probable.

PMID- 3878346
TI  - Surgery and granulocyte transfusions for life-threatening infections in chronic
      granulomatous disease.
AB  - We report two patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and life
      threatening infections: a 10 10/12-year-old boy had Aspergillus fumigatus
      spondylitis with destruction of the 11th vertebral body and paravertebral abscess
      formation, and an 8 5/12-year-old boy had multiple Staphylococcus aureus hepatic
      abscesses with subphrenic abscess formation. Both patients failed to respond to
      intense antimicrobial therapy but showed a remarkable recovery following surgical
      drainage combined with granulocyte transfusions. These results suggest that
      antimicrobial therapy and surgical drainage followed by granulocyte transfusions
      may be the ideal mode of treatment for severe infections in patients with CGD.

PMID- 3878347
TI  - Effect of anaemia and other maternal characteristics on birthweight.
AB  - A cross-sectional study was done on 982 mothers who delivered in four different
      government hospitals in Metro Manila and whose pregnancy was unassociated with
      pre-eclampsia, diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension, cardiovascular disease,
      abruptio placenta, placenta praevia and multiple pregnancy. The relationship of
      birthweight and anaemia and other maternal characteristics was examined by
      multiple regression analysis. Birthweights did not correlate with maternal
      haemoglobin levels. However, anaemic mothers showed placental hypertrophy. The
      hypertrophy is probably a compensatory physiological response to ensure adequate
      oxygen supply to the fetus. Birthweight increased with gestational age affirming
      the fact that low birthweight is partly due to shortened gestational age.
      Haemoglobin level significantly increased with maternal age but decreased with
      increasing parity.

PMID- 3878348
TI  - "Thiocyanate gold": small (2-3 nm) colloidal gold for affinity cytochemical
      labeling in electron microscopy.
AB  - Reduction of HAuCl4 by NaSCN or KSCN produces colloidal gold particles of 2.6 nm
      in diameter and homogeneous in size (coefficient of variation approximately 15%).
      The AuSCN sol forms protein-gold complexes. The amount of protein required to
      form an AuSCN-protein complex is best determined in the electron microscope,
      where serial dilutions of protein with gold sol are inspected for the presence of
      aggregates. By immuno-electron microscopy SCN-gold complexed to protein A is
      active and visible as is shown by revealing alpha-amylase in rat pancreatic
      acinar cells.

PMID- 3878349
TI  - [New aspects in the treatment of hemangioma].
AB  - This paper describes the successful therapy of cavernous and capillary
      haemangiomata by inducing thrombosis with Tissucol homologous fibrinogen and
      thrombin. After angiography, infants and small children were injected with
      Tissucol directly into the vascular convolution at two weekly intervals,
      resulting in complete thrombosis with subsequent fibrosis, leading to diminution
      of the haemangioma until it finally disappeared. Histological examination showed
      fibrosis and sclerosis, with granular tissue rich in fibrinoblasts as a
      manifestation of a partially organised thrombosis. There were no traces of
      inflammation. In a large number of adults, reduction of the haemangioma was
      successfully achieved by injections of Tissucol, leading to thrombosis, followed
      by immediate surgical removal of the entire haemangioma. Treatment of small
      haemangiomata by cryosurgical measures with liquid nitrogen, as recommended by
      Lexer in 1921, was likewise successfully applied.

PMID- 3878350
TI  - [Intra- and perioperative acoustic evoked brain stem potentials in
      cerebellopontile angle operations].
AB  - From a series of 35 cases with intraoperative monitoring of acoustic evoked
      brainstem responses 4 cases with cerebellopontine angle surgery are presented in
      detail. The aim of neuromonitoring is to provide the surgeon with an additional
      instrument to assess the functional state of the hearing pathway with objective
      neurophysiological criteria during dissection near the eighth nerve and
      brainstem. Thus, a near total loss of potential during a neurovascular
      decompression of the trigeminal nerve could be reversed by modifying the surgical
      procedure. In 2 cases of acoustic neurinoma with preserved wave I this peak was
      obtainable throughout the procedure with a good postoperative result. Transient
      amplitude attenuation and latency increase was seen with a meningioma, which
      normalized before the end of operation with good postoperative hearing and brain
      stem function. The relationship between intraoperative BAEP changes and
      postoperative brain-stem and eighth nerve function, and the value of
      neuromonitoring are discussed with regard to surgery around the internal auditory
      meatus and the eighth nerve.

PMID- 3878351
TI  - Disease patterns in the Detroit Zoo: a study of the avian population from 1973
      through 1983.
AB  - A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate disease patterns in birds at the
      Detroit Zoo from 1973 through 1983. Data were derived from the zoo's medical and
      animal census records; the mean (+/- SD) population of birds during the study
      period was 469 +/- 42. Overall annual morbidity rates were 12.5% to 21.5%, with
      spring months having the highest morbidity rates. Annual mortality rates were
      3.1% to 15.2%; 23.9% of the deaths were caused by microbial agents (particularly
      Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, hemolytic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp,
      Aeromonas spp and Proteus spp), 15.4% by trauma, and 42.5% by nondetermined
      causes. The mute swan (Cygnus olor), mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos), common
      gallinule (Gallinula chloropus), common rhea (Rhea americana), and red-billed
      hornbill (Tockus erythrorhynchus) were the 5 species most frequently affected of
      the 1,032 deaths from 1973 through 1983. The most frequently isolated parasites
      were Microtetramere spp, coccidian species, Diplotriaena spp, and Trichomonia
      spp.

PMID- 3878352
TI  - Disease patterns in the Detroit Zoo: a study of reptilian and amphibian
      populations from 1973 through 1983.
AB  - A retrospective study was conducted to determine disease patterns in reptilian
      and amphibian populations at the Detroit Zoo from 1973 through 1983. In the
      reptilian population (mean +/- SD = 285.2 +/- 28), overall annual mortality rates
      were 1% to 40%. Mortality rates were highest in the fall months (20%) and lowest
      in the winter months (6%). The most frequently affected reptiles were iguana
      (Iguana iguana), reticulated python (Python reticulatus), rattlesnakes (Crotalus
      spp), common boa (Constrictor constrictor), and lizards (various genera of
      suborder Lacertilia). Of the 1,300 reptilian deaths from 1973 through 1983, 36.6%
      were caused by microbial agents, 12% by parasites, 11.6% by trauma, and 9.3% by
      nutritional deficiencies. The main microbial organisms that caused death were
      Aeromonas spp, Salmonella spp, Pseudomonas spp, Proteus spp, and Edwardsiella
      spp. The main parasites that caused death were Entamoeba spp and lungworms. Among
      amphibians, frogs and toads were the most frequently affected, and starvation and
      trauma were the most frequent causes of death.

PMID- 3878353
TI  - Ocular anterior segment disease in northern fur seals.
AB  - Eyes of 1,716 wild northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus; 1,501 subadults and
      215 adults) were examined for the prevalence of ocular anterior segment disease;
      4.6% of the seals had clinically recognizable eye lesions. Six seals had
      bilateral eye lesions. Corneal scars were the most frequently observed lesion,
      followed by prominent lens sutures, cataracts, and iris depigmentations. Corneal
      edema, active corneal ulceration, or inflammation was not observed. Examination
      of normal corneas indicated an epithelial structure similar to that of the
      California sea lion, with 11 to 14 layers of nucleated superficial stratified
      squamous cells that lacked keratohyaline granules. The seal corneal endothelium
      had less hexagonality than do human corneal endothelial cells, with mean
      endothelial cell areas of 331 to 396 micron2, similar to that found in primates.

PMID- 3878354
TI  - Disease patterns in the Detroit Zoo: a study of the mammalian population from
      1973 through 1983.
AB  - A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate disease patterns in the mammals
      at the Detroit Zoo from 1973 through 1983. The reindeer (Rangifer tarandus),
      common eland (Taurotragus oryx), rednecked Wallaby (Protemnodon rufogrisea),
      sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii), and kangaroo (Macropus spp)- were the most
      frequently affected mammalian species. Parasitic agents (80% of which were
      internal parasites) caused morbidity in 60.2% of the mammals evaluated (n =
      2,475) and microbial agents caused morbidity in 20.8% of the animals.
      Strongyloides spp, Trichostrongylus spp, coccidian species, Diphyllobothrium spp,
      and Trichuris spp were the internal parasites most frequently found. Overall
      annual mortality rate was 14% to 34%, with microbiological agents causing the
      highest mortality (26.5%). Pasteurella spp, beta-hemolytic Streptococcus spp,
      pathogenic Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium spp, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were
      the most frequent microbial causes of death. Cause of mortality could not be
      determined in 21.5% of the animals evaluated. The percentage of animals
      successfully treated increased from 1973 through 1983. Generally, however, the
      percentage of successfully treated animals was low (21% to 39%).

PMID- 3878355
TI  - Seroprevalence of respiratory syncytial virus in free-ranging bighorn sheep.
AB  - Sera from 187 (42%) of 447 free-ranging bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in 9
      western states had antibody titers to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Titers
      were from 1:5 to 1:640, as determined by the standard virus neutralization test.
      Results of the survey indicated that RSV is widespread in free-ranging bighorn
      sheep populations and that RSV may be an important factor in the bighorn sheep
      pneumonia-complex.

PMID- 3878356
TI  - Survey of desert bighorn sheep in California for exposure to selected infectious
      diseases.
AB  - From February 1983 to June 1985, 188 desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis
      nelsoni, = 161 and Oc cremnobates, = 27) from 18 herds in 17 mountain ranges and
      one captive herd were caught, marked, and had blood, fecal, and nasal mucus
      samples collected. Nasal swab specimens were cultured bacteriologically and
      virologically specifically for parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) virus. Bacterial flora
      differed from herd to herd. Pathogenic pneumophilic bacteria (eg, Pasteurella sp)
      seldom were found. Parainfluenza-3 virus was isolated from 6 bighorn sheep in 3
      herds. Fecal specimens were examined for parasite ova and low numbers of lungworm
      (Protostrongylus sp) larvae were found in feces from 2 herds. Sera were evaluated
      for antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus, ovine progressive pneumonia,
      infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, PI-3, bovine viral diarrhea, brucellosis,
      leptospirosis, contagious ecthyma, bluetongue, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease.
      Blood clots were cultured virologically for bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic
      disease. Serologic evidence of bluetongue and/or epizootic hemorrhagic disease
      was found in 9 herds, and bluetongue virus (serotypes 10,11,13 and 17) was
      isolated from 3 herds. Antibody titers against PI-3 and respiratory syncytial
      virus were found in 9 and 13 herds, respectively. Evidence of bovine viral
      diarrhea infection was found in 6 herds, whereas infectious bovine
      rhinotracheitis was found in only 1 herd. Antibody titers against contagious
      ecthyma were found in 9 of 18 herds in California, and active lesions were seen
      occasionally. Evidence of ovine progressive pneumonia, leptospirosis, or
      brucellosis was not found.

PMID- 3878357
TI  - Malpositioned posterior chamber lenses: etiology, prevention, and management.
AB  - The various types of posterior chamber intraocular lens malpositions, in
      increasing degrees of severity, are described. These include pupillary capture,
      optic decentration, malpositioned loop, windshield wiper, sunrise, sunset and
      lost lens syndromes. The etiologies, management, and prevention of these
      complications are discussed.

PMID- 3878358
TI  - Spontaneous repositioning of a dislocated Medallion intraocular lens.
AB  - A case is presented of a Medallion intraocular lens that dislocated posteriorly
      into the vitreous cavity. Four years later the lens spontaneously repositioned
      itself and was subsequently sutured in place.

PMID- 3878359
TI  - Interactions of formylamino- and methoxy-substituted beta-lactam antibiotics with
      beta-lactamases.
AB  - Cephem and nocardicin-type monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics with a formylamino
      substituent were highly resistant to hydrolysis by both penicillinases and
      cephalosporinases. Among antibiotics with a methoxy substituent, an N-sulfonated
      monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic, sulfazecin was resistant to beta-lactamases,
      but cephem antibiotics were sensitive to the cephalosporinase of Enterobacter
      cloacae. The resistance of the antibiotics to the beta-lactamases depended
      primarily on the presence of the substituent, but affinity for the beta
      lactamases was affected not only by the substituent but also by the presence of
      other side chains. Formylamino compounds and sulfazecin were as good inducers of
      beta-lactamases as semisynthetic 7-methoxycephalosporins, but naturally occurring
      7-methoxycephalosporins were poor inducers. The inducer activities of the
      antibiotics were not necessarily related to their beta-lactamase stabilities. The
      stabilities of the compounds to the beta-lactamases were well reflected in their
      antibacterial activities against beta-lactamase producing bacteria.

PMID- 3878360
TI  - In-vitro antibacterial activity of AMA-1080.
AB  - The in-vitro antibacterial activity of AMA-1080 against both Gram-positive and
      Gram-negative clinical isolates was studied in comparison with that of aztreonam,
      cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefoperazone. AMA-1080 showed a potent antibacterial
      activity against Gram-negative bacteria, particularly, the strains of
      Enterobacteriaceae. In addition, AMA-1080 inhibited the strains of genus
      Pseudomonas at the low concentrations. However, AMA-1080 showed less active
      against Gram-positive bacteria. It was found that AMA-1080 was highly resistant
      to hydrolysis by both chromosomal and plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases.

PMID- 3878361
TI  - In-vitro activity of imipenem against 100 strains of serotype b and nontypable
      Haemophilus influenzae, including strains resistant to ampicillin,
      chloramphenicol or both.
AB  - Imipenem, along with ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ceftazidime, aztreonam and
      ceftriaxone were tested against 100 clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae.
      Eighty-eight of the isolates were serotype b, 35 isolates were beta-lactamase
      producers, and five isolates were chloramphenicol resistant. Inoculum densities
      of 1 X 10(3), 1 X 10(5) and 1 X 10(8) cfu/ml were tested for all isolates. MIC90s
      and MBC90s at the two lower inoculum densities for imipenem, ceftazidime,
      aztreonam and ceftriaxone were in the susceptible range for all categories of
      isolates tested. Imipenem, ceftazidime and aztreonam displayed elevated MBC90s at
      the high inoculum density. The effect of the high inoculum density upon the
      ceftriaxone MBC90 was below the level of detection afforded by the study design.

PMID- 3878362
TI  - Rosai-Dorfman disease presenting as spinal tumor. A case report with
      ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies.

PMID- 3878363
TI  - Membrane plasma exchange in patients with metastatic cancer.
AB  - Seven patients suffering from metastatic cancer and all showing objectively
      measurable tumours were treated with eight sessions of membrane plasma exchange.
      No other oncological treatment was administered during the period of plasma
      exchange. The procedure itself was well tolerated and subjective improvement was
      reported by some patients. No objective tumour regression was observed. Immune
      complex-like material and inflammatory proteins were efficiently removed. In some
      patients a decrease in the number of T lymphocytes, due to relative depletion of
      T mu cells, was noted.

PMID- 3878364
TI  - Long-lasting cell-mediated immunity induced by a live Francisella tularensis
      vaccine.
AB  - The lymphocyte stimulation test was used to estimate specific cell-mediated
      immunity after vaccination with the live vaccine strain of Francisella
      tularensis. Nonvaccinated individuals and individuals vaccinated 1, 5 to 6, 7 to
      8, and 9 years previously were tested. Lymphocytes from most vaccinees responded
      to an antigen preparation of the vaccine strain, and those vaccinated 9 years
      before testing responded to a similar extent as did vaccines in the other groups.
      A new technique was developed to study the presence of T lymphocytes among the
      stimulated cells. Stimulated cells were allowed to incorporate [14C]thymidine and
      were then fractionated into T and non-T lymphocytes. Most of the incorporation
      appeared in the fraction containing T lymphocytes. The data indicate that cell
      mediated immunity endures for at least 9 years after vaccination with the live F.
      tularensis vaccine.

PMID- 3878365
TI  - Predictive value of the "clue cells" investigation and the amine volatilization
      test in vaginal infections caused by Gardnerella vaginalis.
AB  - Although still controversial, an etiologic role of Gardnerella vaginalis is
      imputed in vaginitis. Besides isolation of the organism by culture, two
      alternative diagnostic procedures have been claimed to be useful: the
      investigation of "clue cells" in clinical specimens and the amine volatilization
      test or fishy odor perception in genital secretions. Herein we report on the
      findings of the simultaneous use of G. vaginalis isolation, the clue cell test
      and amine volatilization perception in specimens from 1,263 consecutive female
      patients referred to our clinic. Our results show that the simultaneous use of
      both alternative tests is very useful as a screening procedure. A negative result
      of both tests predicts a negative culture result in 99% of the cases. However, a
      positive result of either or both should be considered as an indication to
      proceed to culture and not as diagnostic of infection.

PMID- 3878366
TI  - O6 alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase activity in human myeloid cells.
AB  - The association between alkylating agent exposure and acute nonlymphocytic
      leukemia in humans indicates that myeloid cells may be particularly susceptible
      to mutagenic damage. Alkylating agent mutagenesis is frequently mediated through
      formation and persistence of a particular DNA base adduct, O6alkylguanine, which
      preferentially mispairs with thymine rather than cytosine, leading to point
      mutations. O6alkylguanine is repaired by O6alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase
      (alkyltransferase), a protein that removes the adduct, leaving an intact guanine
      base in DNA. We measured alkyltransferase activity in myeloid precursors and
      compared it with levels in other cells and tissues. In peripheral blood
      granulocytes, monocytes, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes, there was an eightfold
      range of activity between individuals but only a twofold range in the mean
      activity between cell types. Normal donors maintained stable levels of
      alkyltransferase activity over time. In bone marrow T lymphocytes and myeloid
      precursors, there was an eightfold range of alkyltransferase activity between
      donors. Alkyltransferase activity in the two cell types was closely correlated in
      individual donors, r = 0.69, P less than 0.005, but was significantly higher in
      the T lymphocytes than the myeloid precursors, P less than 0.05. Liver contained
      the highest levels of alkyltransferase of all tissues tested. By comparison,
      small intestine contained 34%, colon 14%, T lymphocytes 11%, brain 11%, and
      myeloid precursors 6.6% of the activity found in liver. Thus, human myeloid
      precursors have low levels of O6alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase compared with
      other tissues. Low levels of this DNA repair protein may increase the
      susceptibility of myeloid precursors to malignant transformation after exposure
      to certain alkylating agents.

PMID- 3878367
TI  - Estimation of bone turnover evaluated by 47Ca-kinetics. Efficiency of serum bone
      gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein, serum alkaline phosphatase, and
      urinary hydroxyproline excretion.
AB  - Bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing (Gla) protein (BGP, osteocalcin) is a
      noncollagenous protein of bone present in plasma and removed by the kidney.
      Plasma BGP has been shown to be elevated in patients with certain bone diseases.
      The present study evaluates serum BGP (S-BGP), serum alkaline phosphatase (S-AP),
      and urinary hydroxyproline excretion (U-OHP) in diseases with differing bone
      turnover rates, and compares the accuracy of these measurements for estimating
      bone mineralization (m) and resorption (r) rates. S-BGP, S-AP, U-OHP, and
      creatinine clearance (Clcr) were measured in patients with primary
      hyperparathyroidism (n = 13), hyperthyroidism (n = 6), and hypothyroidism (n =
      6). Bone mineralization and resorption rates were calculated from a 7-d combined
      calcium balance and 47Ca turnover study. A highly significant correlation (r =
      0.69, P less than 0.001) was found between S-BGP and m. Multiple regression
      analysis disclosed a partial correlation between S-BGP and m when Clcr was taken
      into account (r = 0.82, P less than 0.001), and between S-BGP and Clcr when m was
      taken into account (r = -0.62, P less than 0.005). In accordance with this, a
      stronger correlation (r = 0.89, P less than 0.0001) was found between S-BGP X
      Clcr and m than between S-BGP and m. A less significant correlation was found
      between S-AP and m (r = 0.45, P less than 0.05). Furthermore, U-OHP showed a
      highly significant positive correlation to r (r = 0.78, P less than 0.001). Thus,
      in the studied disorders of calcium metabolism, individual serum levels of BGP
      depend on both mineralization rate and renal function. Serum levels of BGP
      corrected for alterations in renal function are superior to uncorrected S-BGP and
      to S-AP levels in the estimation of bone mineralization rates.

PMID- 3878368
TI  - Bleeding/plaque ratio. A possible prognostic indicator for periodontal breakdown.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the clinical differences
      between individuals highly susceptible and individuals insusceptible to
      periodontal breakdown. The susceptible group consisted of 7 patients with a
      diagnosis of juvenile periodontitis. The insusceptible group consisted of 7
      individuals selected on the basis of age (52 years or older), presence of at
      least 18 teeth, no evidence of extractions due to periodontal breakdown, no loss
      of attachment, shallow pockets, gross amounts of plaque and no history of
      interdental cleaning. Results showed that the susceptible group had more
      bleeding, less plaque and deeper pockets than the insusceptible group. Since the
      2 groups seem to behave differently with regard to bleeding upon probing and
      amount of plaque, bleeding/plaque ratios were calculated. Testing showed a highly
      significant difference between the 2 groups. The same results were obtained if
      only sites with shallow pockets were included in the analysis. On the basis of
      these results, it is hypothesized that a high value of the ratio between bleeding
      and plaque may act as a prognostic indicator for periodontal breakdown.

PMID- 3878370
TI  - Liver toxicity from potassium para-aminobenzoate.

PMID- 3878369
TI  - Photochemotherapy in cutaneous T cell lymphoma and parapsoriasis en plaques. Long
      term follow-up in forty-three patients.
AB  - Forty-three patients with clinical plaque- and tumor-stage mycosis fungoides, the
      erythrodermic/Sezary syndrome variant of mycosis fungoides, and parapsoriasis en
      plaques were treated with oral psoralens and ultraviolet A (PUVA). Pretreatment
      skin biopsies, evaluated by light microscopy, revealed seventeen diagnostic,
      seventeen suggestive, and nine nonspecific specimens. Clinical and histologic
      parameters were followed for an average of 38.4 months (range, 4-67 months).
      Twenty-five patients had complete clearing, and fourteen did not respond. Most
      patients in the complete-response group had either plaque lesions of mycosis
      fungoides or parapsoriasis en plaques prior to PUVA. Most patients in the no
      response group had either tumor lesions or the erythrodermic/Sezary mycosis
      fungoides at the start of PUVA. In the no-response group the treatment modalities
      used prior to PUVA were twice the number used in the complete-response group.
      Patients in the complete-response group had clearing of their lesions after an
      average PUVA dose of 117 joules/cm2. Relapse occurred in seventeen patients after
      an average remission time of 6.3 months and responded to additional PUVA.
      Patients whose skin remained clear after the first course of PUVA continued to
      have clear skin for up to 58 months, with an average complete remission of 29.5
      months by the end of the study period. Histologic evaluation before PUVA and at
      clearing revealed a definite trend toward a normal microscopic picture, but at
      least a mild inflammatory infiltrate usually persisted. At the end of the study
      period, the lesions of ten patients had entirely cleared for an average of 44
      months, the lesions of five had cleared during a second course of PUVA, five had
      stable limited-plaque disease while receiving maintenance PUVA, eleven were
      undergoing electron beam radiation therapy or chemotherapy for progressive
      disease, ten had died, and two patients were lost to follow-up. Therefore, in the
      early stage of mycosis fungoides, PUVA may induce significant disease-free
      intervals. Prior treatment with a variety of modalities, the patient's age,
      and/or the duration of disease may affect response to PUVA.

PMID- 3878371
TI  - Serologic and clinical features of patients with discoid lupus erythematosus:
      relationship of antibodies to single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid and of other
      antinuclear antibody subsets to clinical manifestations.
AB  - Serologic and clinical data were obtained from forty patients with discoid lupus
      erythematosus in 1982. Clinical disease was characterized by quality, extent,
      severity, activity, photosensitivity, and systemic manifestations. The patient's
      sera were examined for the presence of antinuclear, anti-Ro and anti-La, anti
      ribonucleoprotein and anti-Sm, anti-single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid
      (ssDNA), and antinative DNA antibodies. In late 1984, thirty-three patients had
      follow-up clinical examinations. On the initial evaluation the patients with
      positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) findings were clinically characterized by a
      significantly higher incidence of photosensitivity and arthritis, an elevated
      erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and cutaneous lesions of subacute cutaneous lupus
      erythematosus. The activity and extent of disease in 1982 did not correlate with
      the presence of ANA. Elevated levels of ssDNA antibodies were present in seven of
      the forty patients (significantly greater than control subjects; (p less than
      0.005) and correlated with widespread, active discoid lupus erythematosus, an
      elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and a slightly greater risk of systemic
      lupus erythematosus in 1982. At the 2-year follow-up examination, thirteen of the
      seventeen patients with a positive ANA had active clinical cutaneous disease, and
      ten of the sixteen patients with negative ANA findings had continued activity
      (not statistically significant). However, all seven patients with elevated ssDNA
      antibody levels had continued activity, and disease progression had occurred in
      three. Thus the presence of ssDNA seems to correlate strongly with active,
      progressive lupus erythematosus. The presence of antibody abnormalities in
      patients with discoid lupus erythematosus correlates with clinical disease and
      provides more support for the theory linking discoid lupus erythematosus to
      systemic lupus erythematosus as part of a continuum.

PMID- 3878372
TI  - T-cell subsets in lesions of systemic and discoid lupus erythematosus.
AB  - In 6 patients with untreated systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the
      progressive stage, and in 6 with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), an analysis
      of inflammatory infiltrates was performed in situ using the avidin-biotin
      peroxidase complex (ABC) method with monoclonal antibodies. In all patients, over
      75% of the infiltrates reacted with the pan T-cell antibody OKT3, but only
      sporadically with that of B-cell OKB7. In addition, a large number of the
      infiltrates were OKIal-positive, indicating that they were in an activated state.
      Many OKT8-positive cells were seen infiltrating the epidermis especially in the
      vicinity of basal keratinocytes. Staining for T-cell subsets revealed that the
      proportion of OKT8-positive cells (suppressor/cytotoxic) was from 2 to 3 fold
      higher than that of OKT4-positive cells (helper/inducer) in lesions of SLE. On
      the contrary, in DLE, a predominance of OKT4-positive cells (the OKT4/OKT8 ratio
      was from 1:1 to 3:1) was observed. Thus, our results provide further evidence
      that these 2 main types of LE show quite contrary findings on immunohistochemical
      analysis of T-cell subsets, and that besides the humoral immune mechanism, the
      cell-mediated immune mechanism may be involved in the pathogenesis of these
      disorders.

PMID- 3878374
TI  - Short-term toxicity studies of vanadium in rats.
AB  - Vanadium (in the form of NaVO3) was given in drinking water to groups of 10 male
      Sprague-Dawley rats over a period of 3 months at concentrations of 0, 5, 10 and
      50 ppm. Vanadium accumulated dose-dependently in the kidneys and spleen.
      Appearance, behaviour, food and water consumption, growth and mortality of the
      treated rats of all groups were not affected during the 3-month period.
      Histopathological investigation showed only mild though dose-dependent lesions in
      kidneys and spleen. The plasma concentrations of urea and uric acid were
      increased in the highest exposure groups.

PMID- 3878373
TI  - Hyperactivity in Italy.
AB  - Prevalence rates of hyperactivity in Italy using commonly accepted cutoff scores
      in the United States were 20% for boys and 3% for girls; the combined prevalence
      rate was 12%. Italian children exhibited rates of hyperactive behaviors similar
      to those of children in New Zealand, Spain, and portions of the United States.
      Nevertheless, rates of hyperactivity are influenced by ethnic and cultural
      factors, and differences in prevalence rates may be expected in many situations.
      Factor structures of the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale for boys and girls were
      different. The need for separate factor analyses for males and females is
      stressed; hyperactivity and conduct problems, in fact, were separate factors for
      girls whereas such behaviors were subsumed under one factor for boys. There were
      also important similarities and differences with the factor structures for boys
      and girls in Italy and Spain. Methodological issues such as complete
      specification of the sample and assuring representativeness of samples are
      discussed.

PMID- 3878376
TI  - The quantitative gingival bleeding index.

PMID- 3878375
TI  - Specific detection of anti-idiotypic immune responses in cancer patients treated
      with murine monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Procedures are described for the specific detection in cancer patients' sera of
      human antibodies raised during the course of monoclonal antibody (MAb)
      immunotherapy against common and idiotypic determinants of monoclonal anti-colon
      carcinoma antibody 17-1A. The possible interference of serum factors in these
      assays other than human anti-murine immunoglobulin antibodies has been virtually
      excluded. Minimal detectable concentrations of antibody in the various assays
      ranged between 0.1 and 2.8 micrograms antibody per ml serum. Thirty-five of 41
      patients who raised an immune response against the administered MAb produced anti
      idiotypic antibodies in concentrations of up to 42 micrograms per ml serum. Anti
      idiotypic antibodies persisted in the blood for up to 475 days following the
      administration of a single dose of MAb. A significant proportion of the anti
      idiotypic antibodies were directed against the antigen-combining site of the MAb.
      The importance of these results in light of possible immunoregulatory functions
      of the anti-idiotypic antibodies is discussed.

PMID- 3878377
TI  - Dermatomycosis in southeast Rajasthan.

PMID- 3878378
TI  - Genetics of the rat CT system: its apparent complexity is a consequence of cross
      reactivity between the distinct MHC class I antigens RT1.C and RT1.A.
AB  - The rat CT antigens are a system of medial histocompatibility antigens linked to
      RT1, the rat major histocompatibility complex (MHC). They have aroused interest
      firstly because, despite their extreme serological weakness, they are targets for
      'unrestricted' cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL); and secondly because they have
      appeared to represent a complex genetic system in terms both of the number of
      genetic loci involved and the number of distinguishable antigenic specificities
      expressed. The CT system was originally defined by the reactions of LEW anti-F344
      (RT1l anti-RT1lv1) secondary in vitro CTL. These CTL reacted strongly on
      DA(RT1av1) targets, but much more weakly on AUG or PVG (RT1c) targets. We have
      used the recently derived RT1 recombinant rat strains PVG.R19 (RT1.Aav1Iav1Cc)
      and PVG.R20 (RT1.AcIcCav1) to investigate the genetic control of this system.
      Contrary to previous interpretations, the results are consistent with a model in
      which CT is a single locus, which maps to the RT1.C region. In addition, our
      results demonstrate that there is cross-reactivity of anti-RT1C CTLs on RT1A
      products, and we suggest that the earlier placement of a CT locus in the RT1.A
      region was probably incorrect and a consequence of this cross-reactivity.

PMID- 3878379
TI  - [Intraoperative ultrasonic imaging of coronary artery and saphenous vein graft in
      the coronary bypass surgery].

PMID- 3878380
TI  - [Successful surgical treatment of aortitis syndrome associated with aortic
      regurgitation, annulo-aortic ectasia and total occlusion of left coronary
      artery].

PMID- 3878381
TI  - [Aortocoronary bypass surgery to an obstructed right coronary artery due to blunt
      chest trauma--a case report].

PMID- 3878382
TI  - [Coronary artery bypass surgery in females].

PMID- 3878383
TI  - [Management of the TMJ syndrome: drug therapy].

PMID- 3878384
TI  - [Study on PGDH activity in human term placenta--relationship between PGDH
      activities and perinatal factors].
AB  - The high activity of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) which catalyzes
      the first step in prostaglandin metabolism has been demonstrated in the human
      placenta. To investigate the role of placental PGDH (p-PGDH) in the perinatal
      period, PGDH activity was measured in 167 placentas of gestational ages 37 to 41
      weeks. The activity was expressed as n mole/min/non heme protein of 15-keto-PGE2
      which was produced by incubation of PGE2 and placental homogenate supernatant.
      The following data were obtained. p-PGDH activity was significantly lower at the
      40 weeks of gestation than at other weeks. There was no difference in placental
      PGDH activity between cesarean section and vaginal delivery, and between the
      periods before and after onset labor of cesarean section. p-PGDH activity in the
      PGs administered group was higher than that in the non PGs group. p-PGDH activity
      of a male fetus was higher than that of a female. This suggests that p-PGDH
      activity is under the control of hormones. No relationship was observed between p
      PGDH activity and other perinatal factors such as toxemia of pregnancy, parity,
      Apgar score, birth weight, placental weight, blood loss, and duration of labor.

PMID- 3878385
TI  - [Studies of coagulation-fibrinolysis system and cold insoluble globulin in cases
      of caesarean section].
AB  - In our previous study, we reported that pregnant blood was hypercoagulable and
      hypo-fibrinolytic. However, localized fibrinolytic activity, e.g. in the
      placenta, seemed to be present, because of increased FDP and fibrinopeptide B
      beta 15-42 during pregnancy. In this study, we tried to find out the changes in
      the coagulation-fibrinolysis system as well as cold insoluble globulin when
      stress such as operative procedure is being added. In 25 cases of cesarean
      section in full term pregnancy without onset of labor, blood samples were
      collected before operation, during operation and 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24
      hours and 48 hours post-operatively for estimation of the coagulation factors
      (FXII, IX, VIII, VII, X, V, II. XIII. Fbg), fibrinolytic factors (plg-Act, plg,
      SFMC, FDP), prekallikrein, plasma serin protease inhibitors (AT-III, alpha 2-PI,
      alpha 2-M, alpha 1-AT) and cold insoluble globulin. 30 normal term-pregnant women
      as well as 30 non-pregnant women were studied as the control. The result showed
      that the activities of both the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation factors were
      markedly increased while the Fbg and AT-III were markedly decreased from during
      operation to 3 hours after operation. FXIII was markedly decreased and FII was
      slightly decreased from during operation. The marked decreases in prekallikrein,
      plg, alpha 2-PI, alpha 2-M, alpha 1-AT together and marked increases in plg-Act
      and FDP were noted from 3 to 12 hours after operation. A marked decrease in CIG
      was demonstrated immediately after the operation and continued until 48 hours
      after operation. These findings suggested that hypercoagulable state and
      secondary hyperfibrinolysis were associated during and after cesarean section.
      Decreases in Factor XIII and CIG seemed to be a general reaction in the mechanism
      of wound healing.

PMID- 3878386
TI  - Electrical muscle stimulation in the treatment of progressive adolescent
      idiopathic scoliosis: a literature review.
AB  - Electrical muscle stimulation is quickly becoming accepted as a reasonable
      alternative to bracing in the treatment of mild to moderate progressive
      adolescent idiopathic sciolosis. Stimulation is applied nightly during the eight
      to ten sleeping hours. With success defined as less than or equal to four degrees
      of progression, between 60 and 84% of curves treated have been halted. Greater
      success has been noted in the lumbar and thoracolumbar curves and in curves under
      40 degrees. In non-compliant patients, approximately 80% of the curves
      progressed. Controversy concerning minor refinements in treatment application,
      such as the details of electrode placement and problems of skin rash and sleep
      loss, have yet to be satisfactorily resolved.

PMID- 3878387
TI  - Hereditary multiple exostosis: another etiology of short leg and scoliosis.
AB  - A case study is presented demonstrating a patient with a scoliosis as a result of
      a short leg. The etiology of the short leg was a large sessile osteochondrom in a
      patient with Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME). A review of the condition is
      presented.

PMID- 3878388
TI  - [Kartagener's syndrome--a case report].

PMID- 3878389
TI  - Enhancement of melatonin's antigonadal action by daily injections of the
      serotonin uptake inhibitor fluoxetine in male hamsters.
AB  - The antigonadal effects of daily melatonin injections in golden hamsters are
      known to be dependent on the time of day when injections are given. As the
      serotonergic system of the brain has been shown to undergo daily variations, and
      to influence gonadotrophic activity, it was decided to investigate the
      relationship between melatonin effects and brain serotonergic function by
      employing the selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake fluoxetine (Lilly 110140).
      Daily injections of fluoxetine (5 mg/kg) were administered at two different times
      of day (late scotophase or late photophase) in combination with or without
      melatonin (25 micrograms) at either early or late photophase. Following nine
      weeks on a long photoperiod (14L/10D) testicular widths and weights in all groups
      receiving late-photophase melatonin were significantly diminished. Average
      testicular widths and weights in groups receiving fluoxetine plus late-photophase
      melatonin were smaller than those groups receiving late-photophase melatonin
      alone. Furthermore, animals receiving fluoxetine plus early-photophase melatonin
      also showed signs of gonadal regression. These results support the hypothesis
      that altered serotonergic function is a component of melatonin-induced gonadal
      inhibition in the male hamster.

PMID- 3878390
TI  - Positron emission tomography with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose differentiates normal
      pressure hydrocephalus from Alzheimer-type dementia.
AB  - Because diagnostic criteria for normal pressure hydrocephalus have not been
      clearly determined, it is often difficult to differentiate patients with this
      potentially treatable condition from those with Alzheimer-type dementia. We have
      studied three patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus, 17 patients with
      Alzheimer-type dementia, and seven healthy elderly controls using positron
      emission tomography and [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Both Alzheimer-type
      dementia and normal pressure hydrocephalus groups showed lower cortical rates of
      FDG utilisation than controls. However, the patterns of metabolic abnormality
      were distinctly different in the two dementia groups, with Alzheimer-type
      dementia subjects demonstrating bilateral temporoparietal hypometabolism while
      normal pressure hydrocephalus subjects showed globally diminished glucose use.

PMID- 3878391
TI  - Immunomodulating effects of synthetic polyribonucleotides.
AB  - The polynucleotide complexes are a class of compounds whose activities to date
      deserve close scrutiny with respect to their potential role as biological
      response-modifying agents in human disease. The challenge for the future lies in
      directing and controlling their activity with respect to a single desired effect,
      such that intelligent interference in patients with immunological aberrancies
      might occur.

PMID- 3878392
TI  - Polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid: biological response-modifying activities in mice.
      In vivo organ distribution and pharmacokinetics in rabbits.
AB  - Lack of toxicity of polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid [poly(A).poly(U)] in rodents
      is demonstrated. This immunomodulator has antitumor activity when used as an
      adjuvant to surgery or to chemotherapy. Biological mediator properties that shed
      some light on the mechanism of tumor inhibition are the potentiating effects of
      poly(A).poly(U) on T cells, natural killer cells, and interferon activity as
      indicated by the level of the enzyme 2-5 A synthetase. In vivo organ distribution
      and pharmacokinetic studies in rabbits by a scintigraphic technique, subcellular
      fractionation, and sucrose sedimentation profiles indicate a surprising metabolic
      stability (measured in days).

PMID- 3878393
TI  - The neuronal endomembrane system. I. Direct links between rough endoplasmic
      reticulum and the cis element of the Golgi apparatus.
AB  - This is the first of three papers describing new components and structural
      relationships within the neuronal endomembrane system. This system includes: the
      nuclear envelope, rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes,
      axoplasmic reticulum, and discrete cytoplasmic compartments such as vesicles,
      multivesicular bodies, and so on. Previous high voltage electron microscope
      studies of osmium-impregnated Golgi apparatus have shown that small varicose
      tubules often arise from the cis element. In bullfrog spinal ganglia, these
      tubules have been seen to extend into cytoplasmic domains occupied by rough
      endoplasmic reticulum (RER). This study was undertaken to determine whether
      varicose tubules form direct connections with RER and to measure cytoplasmic
      density of varicose tubules. Spinal ganglia from Rana catesbeiana were fixed by
      osmium impregnation and, in some cases, were then stained en bloc with lead
      aspartate. Sixty- to 3000-nm-thick sections of this tissue, as well as of ganglia
      prepared by conventional protocol, were studied using standard and high voltage
      electron microscopy. Quantitative analysis revealed that 9% of the varicose
      tubules connected with the Golgi cis element. To determine whether continuities
      existed between RER and any of these tubules, more than 50 tubules were fully
      reconstructed from images of serial sections. The "ends" of these reconstructed
      tubules were then studied by high magnification stereoscopy. This was facilitated
      by the en bloc lead staining which allowed visualization of unimpregnated RER
      elements along with the impregnated tubules. Small varicose tubules as well as
      larger smooth tubules were found to have formed confluent bridges between the cis
      element and RER. In addition, the varicose tubules were found to bridge widely
      separated elements of RER. Finally, numerous examples of varicose and smooth
      tubules were seen to extend from RER and from cis elements to eventually form
      blind endings. These findings raise the possibility that the tubules form highly
      dynamic transitory connections between RER and the Golgi apparatus as well as
      between separated elements of RER. Those between RER and Golgi apparatus are
      ideally positioned to play a major role in the transfer of protein or lipid
      components first assembled in RER to the Golgi apparatus for terminal synthetic
      modification.

PMID- 3878394
TI  - The neuronal endomembrane system. III. The origins of the axoplasmic reticulum
      and discrete axonal cisternae at the axon hillock.
AB  - The axoplasmic reticulum (AR) and the discrete element (e.g., vesicles,
      vesiculotubular bodies, multivesicular bodies, etc.) constitute the endomembrane
      system of the axon. It is reported here that the AR of bullfrog sciatic nerve
      readily fills with osmium deposits during osmium impregnation. In contrast, the
      discrete elements and mitochondria are highly resistant to impregnation. Hence
      this preparation is well suited to address the nature of possible interactions
      between AR and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in the axon hillock. It is also
      ideal to study the origin of the axonal discrete elements within the cell body as
      well as their interaction with other somal endomembrane system components.
      Tissues used in the present study were spinal ganglia, sciatic nerve, and spinal
      roots from Rana catesbeiana. Thick sections (1 to 2 microm) of this material were
      studied by high voltage electron microscopy. In some cases, osmium impregnation
      was followed by en bloc staining with lead aspartate. This made visible
      membranous structures that had not filled with osmium deposits during
      impregnation. Serial 170-nm-thick sections of this latter material were prepared
      and serial stereo pair electron micrographs of axon hillocks were collected.
      These were used to reconstruct three-dimensionally the AR and to study its
      relationship with RER and with discrete elements. The impregnated AR within the
      axon hillock was found to terminate as many proximally pointing finger-like
      projections. A large portion of these projections were found to form connections
      with RER. Some, however, terminated as true blind endings. Single unimpregnated
      discrete cisternae were found throughout the cytoplasm of the cell body, axon
      hillock, and axon. Large clusters of unimpregnated vesicles were usually found in
      close association with the trans face of the Golgi apparatus. These results
      indirectly support the hypothesis that vectors of fast axonal transport, namely
      the discrete elements, form directly at the trans face of the Golgi apparatus.
      From here they move toward and subsequently down the axon without any membrane
      fission-fusion events with either RER or AR. AR, although it forms continuities
      with RER, retains a distinctly different chemical composition from RER as
      evidenced by its much higher affinity for osmium. Thus, it should be considered
      as an endomembrane component separate from, although intimately related to the
      RER.

PMID- 3878395
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation and experimental tests on BGO, CsF and NaI(Tl) crystals
      for positron emission tomography.

PMID- 3878396
TI  - [Immunological response in cryo-immunotherapy of malignant tumors--the mechanism
      of the rise and fall of NK activity and cytotoxic T lymphocytes after inoculation
      of Cryo-destructed Meth A cells].

PMID- 3878397
TI  - The incidence of Jewish alcoholism: a review of the literature.

PMID- 3878398
TI  - Cross-sectional analysis of variables related to cigarette smoking in late
      adolescence.

PMID- 3878399
TI  - Regional trends and sex differences of drug use and attitudes of high school
      students in Northeast Ohio 1977-1983.

PMID- 3878400
TI  - Familial simple ectopia lentis: a case study.
AB  - Hereditary simple ectopia lentis affected nine patients in three generations of a
      family. Inheritance appeared to be autosomal dominant. Examination of 12 family
      members, employing body proportion measurements, chest x-ray, echocardiogram, and
      urinary cystine or blood methionine levels, revealed no evidence of any systemic
      disease. In all cases except two, lenses were bilaterally and superiorly
      dislocated. The degree of dislocation varied considerably among those affected,
      causing no visual disturbance in some and severely limiting visual acuity in
      others. Visual deficits were greatest in patients with intermediate degrees of
      dislocation. To date, the only known complications related to the dislocations
      have been two cases of bilateral cataracts. The indications for lensectomy in
      patients with ectopia lentis are reviewed.

PMID- 3878401
TI  - Current status of bleeding in the diagnosis of periodontal diseases.

PMID- 3878402
TI  - Electrochemistry of purine derivatives. 1: Direct determination for the antiviral
      drug 9-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]guanine by anodic differential pulse
      voltammetry.
AB  - Differential pulse voltammetry at a stationary glassy carbon electrode was used
      for the sensitive and selective analysis of a potent new antiviral analogue of 2
      deoxyguanosine in a pharmaceutical formulation. In the electrochemical method for
      analysis of 9-[1,(3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl] guanine (1), an electroactive
      internal standard (uric acid) was used. Linear peak current-concentration
      relationships were obtained at 1 concentrations of 0.4-2.0 mM, with a
      quantitation limit of 0.1 mM. Degraded solutions of 1 were assayed directly by
      differential pulse voltammetry and also by two chromatographic methods to
      demonstrate the specificity of the electrochemical method. The voltammetric
      method reliably provides accurate and reproducible results in considerably less
      time than conventional chromatographic analysis.

PMID- 3878403
TI  - Lack of influence of co-trimoxazole on theophylline pharmacokinetics.
AB  - In an open cross-over experiment, the influence of the antimicrobial agent co
      trimoxazole on the single-dose pharmacokinetics of theophylline was studied in
      six healthy adults by comparing the pharmacokinetic parameters found after
      intravenous administration of theophylline without and with co-medication of co
      trimoxazole for the previous 8 d. Theophylline concentrations in plasma were
      measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. During each
      treatment, a concentration-time curve was evaluated. No influence of co
      trimoxazole on the rate of elimination and volume of distribution of theophylline
      could be found, as a result of which theophylline concentrations in plasma were
      not significantly different in both periods of drug administration. A similar
      lack of influence of co-trimoxazole may apply to the steady-state
      pharmacokinetics of theophylline. The present study suggests that both drugs can
      be given concomitantly without the need for dosage adjustment of theophylline.

PMID- 3878404
TI  - Mechanisms of the bepridil-induced vasodilation of the rabbit mesenteric artery.
AB  - Bepridil, at a concentration over 10 microM, increased the membrane resistance
      and, over 20 microM, depolarized the smooth muscle membrane of the rabbit
      mesenteric artery. These changes in membrane properties may be due to inhibition
      of K and possibly Cl conductances, as examined by the current-voltage
      relationship. The spike potential evoked by current pulses in the presence of 3
      mM tetraethylammonium or from the excitatory junction potential (e.j.p.) was
      somewhat inhibited by bepridil (over 10 microM). Bepridil (over 5 microM) reduced
      the amplitude of e.j.p. without changing the facilitation process of e.j.ps and,
      at concentrations beyond 20 microM, it inhibited the facilitation of e.j.ps.
      Bepridil (over 0.1 microM) inhibited and over 1 microM blocked completely the
      tonic response of the K-induced contraction. Thus, the voltage-dependent Ca
      channels activated by K-induced depolarization and during the spike generation
      differ in nature. Bepridil inhibited the caffeine-induced contraction in intact
      muscles and the Ca-induced contraction in skinned muscles prepared by saponin to
      the same extent, but more effectively inhibited the norepinephrine-induced
      contraction without altering the norepinephrine-induced depolarization. We
      conclude that bepridil mainly inhibits the voltage-dependent Ca channel (the K
      depolarization sensitive) in smooth muscle membrane. High concentrations of
      bepridil (over 10 microM) inhibit the Ca spike, the K and Cl conductances,
      contractile proteins and Ca release from intracellular stored sites of smooth
      muscle cells and Ca mobilization at nerve terminals. Actions of bepridil differ
      from those of other Ca antagonists.

PMID- 3878406
TI  - Factors influencing one-year survival following acute variceal haemorrhage.

PMID- 3878407
TI  - Gastric hamartoma. A rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding.

PMID- 3878405
TI  - Diffusible sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus in frog skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - A microvolumetric analytical method has been developed to measure the endogenous
      concentrations of diffusible elements in muscle cells. Single twitch fibres from
      frog muscle were skinned under oil and 0.2 nl drops of isosmotic sucrose
      solution, held in the tips of specially constructed pipettes, were placed in
      contact with the skinned fibres. After 0-10 min, the microdrops were removed and
      analysed with a wave-length dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The uptake of Na, K,
      Mg, and P into the microdrops was well fitted by a single exponential function,
      while the uptake of Ca was better represented by the sum of two exponential
      functions. All elements analysed except Ca reached diffusional equilibrium within
      5 min of placing the microdrop on the fibre, while Ca was still not equilibrated
      at 10 min. For freshly isolated muscle fibres, diffusible element concentrations
      in the microdrops at equilibrium were (in mM, mean +/- S.D.): Na, 7.6 +/- 7.2; K,
      82 +/- 36; Mg, 5.8 +/- 3.0; P, 51 +/- 19. Diffusible Ca concentration (at 10 min
      elapsed sampling time) was 0.7 +/- 0.4 mM. Results from experiments in which
      microdrops were equilibrated with skinned fibres pre-soaked in an artificial (Ca
      free) solution support the notion that the exogenous solutes can replace the
      endogenous diffusible contents of a skinned fibre by soaking the skinned fibre in
      a relatively large volume of the artificial solution. Total Na, K, Mg, Ca, and P
      content of whole muscle was measured by electron probe analysis of muscle
      extracts. In freshly isolated muscle, whole muscle element content was (in
      mmol/kg wet weight, mean +/- S.D.): Na, 21 +/- 8; K, 120 +/- 26; Mg, 9.7 +/- 2.6;
      Ca, 2.2 +/- 0.5; P, 76 +/- 18. Extracellular fluid volumes of freshly isolated
      whole muscles were estimated by compartmental analysis of Na efflux.
      Extracellular element concentrations were measured by electron probe analysis of
      frog plasma. Using the extracellular fluid volume and concentration estimates,
      extracellular contributions were subtracted from measurements of the element
      content of whole muscle to yield estimates of total intracellular element
      concentration (in mmol/l myoplasmic water). Based on the values for the
      intracellular total and diffusible element concentrations, the diffusible/total
      content fraction in freshly isolated muscle is estimated to be: Na, 0.38; K,
      0.48; Mg, 0.42; Ca, 0.22; and P, 0.47.

PMID- 3878408
TI  - Sharing problem cards with patients.
AB  - The problem cards of 100 patients in a group practice were shared and discussed
      with the patients concerned. The patients then completed a questionnaire
      recording their reactions to the experience. Although the sharing of problem
      cards can cause patients to become anxious and raises the questions of
      confidentiality, patients' rights and autonomy, the replies to the questionnaire
      demonstrate that patients valued seeing their problem lists. Sharing problem
      cards gave patients an opportunity to review their health needs and in some cases
      to correct inaccurate information although the lists of problems were found to be
      reasonably accurate.The results of this experiment show that sharing problem
      cards with patients has a beneficial effect on the accuracy of the records and
      could increase the trust between doctor and patient.

PMID- 3878409
TI  - Fetal malformations associated with breech delivery. Implications for obstetric
      management.
AB  - Among 1,411 breech deliveries at the Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel,
      there were 116 cases of congenital anomalies (8.2 %). Forty-nine fetuses (3.47%)
      exhibited major congenital anomalies and 67 (4.7%), minor ones. The incidence of
      chromosomal anomalies was 0.63% (1 per 159 births) as compared with 0.25% in the
      general population. The frequency distribution indicated that most of the fetuses
      with congenital abnormalities weighed 2,000 gm or more. In view of the high
      incidence of chromosomal aberrations and major congenital anomalies among fetuses
      with breech presentation, it seems desirable to consider ultrasonographic
      assessment and chromosomal analysis during the last trimester of pregnancy.

PMID- 3878410
TI  - Longitudinal study of HTLV-III-infected chimpanzees by lymphocyte subpopulation
      analysis.
AB  - Following inoculation with plasma from human patients with AIDS, two chimpanzees
      demonstrated specific antihuman T-cell leukemia virus type 3 (HTLV-III)
      antibodies. One of the two chimpanzees also developed massive lymphadenopathy
      that persisted for 32 weeks and demonstrated a concurrent and more frequent
      depression of total T cells (T3) and T helper cells (T4) with a decrease in the
      ratios of T4 to T suppressor cells (T8). These results indicate that chimpanzees
      demonstrate a range of T-cell subpopulations during infection and disease induced
      by HTLV-III.

PMID- 3878411
TI  - Implications of an anomalous intracellular electrical response in bullfrog
      corneal epithelium.
AB  - The ionic dependencies of the transepithelial and intracellular electrical
      parameters were measured in the isolated frog cornea. In NaCl Ringer's the
      intracellular potential difference Vsc measured under short-circuit conditions
      depolarized by nearly the same amount after either increasing the stromal-side
      KCl concentration from 2.5 to 25 mM or exposure to 2 mM BaCl2 (K+ channel
      blocker). With Ba2+ the depolarization of the Vsc by 25 mM K+ was reduced to one
      quarter of the control change. If the Cl-permselective apical membrane resistance
      Ro remained unchanged, the relative basolateral membrane resistance Ri, which
      includes the lateral intercellular space, increased at the most by less than
      twofold after Ba2+. These effects in conjunction with the depolarization of the
      Vsc by 62 mV after increasing the stromal-side K+ from 2.5 to 100 mM in Cl-free
      Ringer's as well as the increase of the apparent ratio of membrane resistances (a
      = Ro/Ri) from 13 to 32 are all indicative of an appreciable basolateral membrane
      K+ conductance. This ratio decreased significantly after exposure to either 25 mM
      K+ or Ba2+. The decline of Ro/Ri with 25 mM K+ appears to be anomalous since this
      decrease is not consistent with just an increase of basolateral membrane
      conductance by 25 mM K+, but rather perhaps a larger decrease of Ro than Ri. Also
      an increase of lateral space resistance may offset the effect of decreasing Ri
      with 25 mM K+. In contrast, Ro/Ri did transiently increase during voltage
      clamping of the apical membrane potential difference Vo and exposure to 25 mM K+
      on the stromal side.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3878413
TI  - Crystallization and X-ray diffraction studies on the histocompatibility antigens
      HLA-A2 and HLA-A28 from human cell membranes.
AB  - The human histocompatibility antigens HLA-A and HLA-B are polymorphic cell
      surface glycoproteins encoded by the major histocompatibility complex. These
      molecules are the major targets for the immune response during tissue
      transplantation. They are recognized by cytolytic T-lymphocytes during the immune
      response against virally infected cells, and have been linked to variations in
      susceptibility to human autoaggressive and neoplastic diseases. To permit a
      description of the sites of interaction with alloantisera and T-cell receptors,
      we have begun a three-dimensional structure determination of HLA-A. We report the
      isomorphous cyrstallization of two antigenic specificities of papain-solubilized
      HLA-A, A2 and A28. Isoelectric focusing indicates that the well-ordered crystals
      incorporate the sialic acid microheterogeneity of the oligosaccharides.
      Crystallographic evidence indicates that the HLA-A molecule has an approximate 2
      fold rotational symmetry axis which, combined with biochemical data, suggests
      that the domains of the molecule are paired alpha 1 to alpha 2 and alpha 3 to
      beta 2-microglobulin. This domain organization is similar to the arrangement of
      domains in the Fab and Fc fragments of immunoglobulins.

PMID- 3878412
TI  - Na+-sensitive component of 3-O-methylglucose uptake in frog skeletal muscle.
AB  - A Na+-sensitive uptake of 3-O-methylglucose (3-O-MG), a nonmetabolized sugar, was
      characterized in frog skeletal muscle. A removal of Na+ from the bathing solution
      reduced 3-O-MG uptake, depending on the amount of Na+ removed. At a 3-O-MG
      concentration of 2 mM, the Na+-sensitive component of uptake in Ringer's solution
      was estimated to be about 26% of the total uptake. The magnitude of Na+-sensitive
      component sigmoidally increased with an increase of 3-O-MG in bathing solution,
      whereas in Na+-free Ringer's solution the uptake was proportional to the
      concentration. The half saturation of the Na+-sensitive component was at a 3-O-MG
      concentration of about 13 mM, and the Hill coefficient was 1.4 to 1.6. Phlorizin
      (5 mM), a potent inhibitor specific for Na+-coupled glucose transport, reduced
      the uptake in a solution containing Na+ to the level in Na+-free Ringer's
      solution. Glucose of concentrations higher than 20 mM suppressed 3-O-MG uptake to
      a level slightly lower than that in Na+-free Ringer's solution. These
      observations indicate that there are Na+-coupled sugar transport systems in frog
      skeletal muscle which are shared by both glucose and 3-O-MG.

PMID- 3878414
TI  - Hexachlorobenzene-induced porphyria in Japanese quail: an in vitro study of
      changes in cytochrome P-450 and monooxygenases.
AB  - The ability of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) to cause changes in the isozymic
      composition of hepatic monooxygenases of Japanese quail was assessed. HCB-induced
      changes in the relative concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites produced in
      vitro were apparent. HCB treatment also resulted in changes in the responsiveness
      of ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD) and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) to
      the in vitro cytochrome P-450 inhibitors metyrapone, SKF-525A, and alpha
      naphthoflavone. These changes may be indicative of alterations in the major
      cytochrome P-450 isozymes present following HCB treatment. Of these changes, only
      an increased responsiveness of ECOD to SKF-525A correlated with the onset of
      porphyria. The response of Japanese quail to the porphyrogenic action of HCB is
      more rapid than that found with more commonly used mammalian models. This rapid
      response is probably due either to the ability of quail to produce greater
      amounts of porphyrogenic metabolites of HCB than mammals or to a greater
      sensitivity of the heme pathway in quail to metabolites produced. In either case,
      this rapid response makes Japanese quail a good model for studying the
      biochemical mechanism for HCB-induced porphyria. The work presented here extends
      previous in vivo studies by using in vitro techniques to address the possibility
      that changes in the proportions of the major cytochrome P-450 isozymes occur in
      response to HCB and these changes, rather than changes in the total concentration
      of cytochrome P-450, are important to the development of porphyria.

PMID- 3878415
TI  - [In vitro susceptibilities of causative organisms isolated from patients with
      primary respiratory tract infections to BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid/amoxicillin)].
AB  - The in vitro susceptibilities of various causative organisms recently isolated
      from patients with primary respiratory tract infections to BRL 25000 (a
      formulation of amoxicillin, 2 parts, and potassium clavulanate, 1 part),
      amoxicillin (AMPC), cefaclor (CCL), cephalexin (CEX), cefadroxil (CDX) and
      cefroxadine (CXD) were determined. beta-Lactamase producing strains were detected
      by nitrocefin chromogenic method and PCG acidometric method. The frequency of
      isolation of beta-lactamase production in strains of S. aureus, H. influenzae, B.
      catarrhalis and K. pneumoniae was 92%, 18%, 36% and 98%, respectively. Against S.
      aureus strains with MIC values to AMPC of less than or equal to 100 micrograms/ml
      and CEX of less than or equal to 25 micrograms/ml BRL 25000 showed MIC values in
      the range 0.39-6.25 micrograms/ml with inocula of 10(6) CFU/ml, while BRL 25000
      required 12.5-100 micrograms/ml of concentrations for inhibition of the strains
      with MIC values to AMPC of greater than 100 micrograms/ml and CEX of greater than
      or equal to 25 micrograms/ml. Against S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae BRL 25000
      showed MIC values in the range less than 0.024-0.10 micrograms/ml with inocula of
      10(6) CFU/ml, which is much more active than CCL, CEX, CDX and CXD and slight
      less active than AMPC. Against H. influenzae and B. catarrhalis BRL 25000 showed
      MIC values in the range 0.20-6.25 micrograms/ml with inocula of 10(6) CFU/ml,
      which showed most potent activity among the agents tested. The activity of BRL
      25000 against K. pneumoniae was approximately equal to that of CCL and superior
      to that of AMPC, CEX, CDX and CXD.

PMID- 3878416
TI  - [Blood coagulation mechanism from the viewpoint of molecular biochemistry:
      Initiation of blood coagulation].

PMID- 3878417
TI  - [Blood coagulation mechanism from the viewpoint of molecular biochemistry:
      Activation of coagulation in phospholipid phase].

PMID- 3878418
TI  - [Two cases of SLE with anti-SSA antibody or anti-RNP antibody in successive
      pregnancies].

PMID- 3878419
TI  - [Studies on the methods of diagnosing pancreatic cancer with the use of tumor
      markers by discriminant analysis].

PMID- 3878420
TI  - [Value of the BT-PABA test with serum PABA as a pancreatic function test].

PMID- 3878421
TI  - Swelling of the brain in mice caused by pertussis vaccine--its quantitative
      determination and the responsible factors in the vaccine.
AB  - Intracerebral injection of vaccine into the mouse induced swelling of the brain.
      The swelling reached the maximum in the intensity by day 1 and persisted for
      several days. A method for quantitative determination of the brain-swelling
      activity of the vaccine was developed. A positive regression coefficient was
      found only between the brain-swelling and the lymphocytosis-promoting activities.
      Such activity was no longer shown with the vaccine heat-treated for 30 min at 80
      C, but it was restored upon addition of the lymphocytosis-promoting factor (LPF)
      that caused no brain swelling by itself. The activity, therefore, was ascribed to
      cooperation of LPF and a certain heat-stable component other than endotoxin
      contained by pertussis vaccine.

PMID- 3878422
TI  - [Cryoglobulinemia in various renal diseases].

PMID- 3878423
TI  - [Immunoglobulin-producing cells in minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS)].

PMID- 3878424
TI  - [POS in nursing. 2. Importance of POS for each problem].

PMID- 3878425
TI  - [Introduction of POS: an educational method. Practice of auditing and problems in
      the application of SOAP].

PMID- 3878426
TI  - [Recording of SOAP which is often associated with errors and future problems in
      POS].

PMID- 3878427
TI  - [Introduction of POS: an educational method. Records of the clinical course and
      summaries at discharge].

PMID- 3878428
TI  - Immunological studies of herpetic keratitis: induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes
      in mouse splenocytes.
AB  - C3H/He and BALB/c mice were inoculated with herpes simplex virus (HSV) by corneal
      or intraperitoneal route. The mouse splenocytes were analyzed to determine the
      level and mode of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) induction by a cytotoxicity test,
      using HSV-infected L929 cells and 3T3 cells as the target cells. To enhance the
      activities of CTL, mouse splenocytes were restimulated by lipopolysaccharide
      induced lymphoblasts (LPS-blasts) infected with HSV before assay. HSV infection
      by both corneal and intraperitoneal routes induced H-2 restricted T lymphocyte
      responses specific for HSV. This CTL response became detectable on day 6 in mice
      with herpetic keratitis and on day 4 with intraperitoneal infection, but 10 days
      after infection the CTL activities of both groups reached the same level. A high
      response level persisted as long as 28 days. These results suggest that the
      protective mechanism in herpetic keratitis is similar to the mechanism in
      intraperitoneal infection.

PMID- 3878429
TI  - Cell-mediated immune reactions to clinical neuroblastoma.
AB  - Immunotherapy may be an effective treatment for neuroblastoma. It is of
      importance to delineate changes in various parameters of tumor immunity over an
      extended period, before and during the course of treatment, in any given case. In
      our patients with neuroblastoma, tumor-associated cell-mediated immune-reaction
      showed a good responsiveness before treatment. However, delayed cutaneous
      hypersensitivity reactions were shown to be negative in many cases, particularly
      in those with advanced tumor, and T gamma cells were enormously increased in some
      cases. During the course of therapy, the tumor-associated cellular immune
      responsiveness showed a tendency to become negative when the patient was tumor
      free or was in remission, but showed a tendency to become positive on regrowth,
      recurrence or metastasis of tumor. The T gamma cells showed much the same
      fluctuations as did the tumor-associated cellular immune responsiveness.

PMID- 3878430
TI  - [Vein holder for coronary bypass surgery--its particular effectiveness in
      sequential grafting].

PMID- 3878431
TI  - [Elaboration of criteria for selection of patients with chronic ischemic heart
      disease for direct myocardial revascularization surgery].
AB  - Indications for direct myocardial revascularization were specified on the basis
      of a new parameter: the disrupted myocardial blood supply zone (DBSZ). Absolute
      indications for the procedure included: a more than 50% narrowing in the diameter
      of the main trunk of the left coronary artery; two or 3 vessels affected with the
      DBSZ accounting for at least 75% of the left-ventricular and interventricular
      septum weight. Relative indications included: two or three affected vessels with
      the DBSZ covering between 50 and 75% of the left-ventricular and interventricular
      septum weight; and a more than 50% isolated proximal narrowing of the diameter of
      the anterior interventricular branch with any type of coronary blood supply, of
      the right coronary artery, with types 10:10 and 11:9, and of the circumflex
      branch, with types 5:15 and 6:14.

PMID- 3878432
TI  - [Pseudocystic and vascular fistulae in chronic pancreatitis as a cause of
      intestinal hemorrhage].

PMID- 3878433
TI  - [Various problems concerning the pathogenesis and diagnosis of amyloidosis in
      patients with inflammatory lung diseases].

PMID- 3878434
TI  - Occupational asthma in a fibre glass works.

PMID- 3878435
TI  - Epicardial coronary blood flow including the presence of stenoses and aorto
      coronary bypasses--I: Model and numerical method.
AB  - A computer model and numerical method for calculating left epicardial coronary
      blood flow has been developed. This model employs a finite-branching geometry of
      the coronary vasculature and the one-dimensional, unsteady equations for flow
      with friction. The epicardial coronary geometry includes the left main and its
      bifurcation, the left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary arteries,
      and a selected number of small branches. Each of the latter terminate in an
      impedance, whose resistive component is related to intramyocardial compression
      through a linear dependence on left ventricular pressure. The elastic properties
      of the epicardial arteries are taken to be non-linear and are prescribed by
      specifying the local small-disturbance wave speed. The model allows for the
      incorporation of multiple stenoses as well as aorto-coronary bypasses.
      Calculations using this model predict pressure and flow waveform development and
      allow for the systematic investigation of the dependence of coronary flow on
      various parameters, e.g., peripheral resistance, wall properties, and branching
      pattern, as well as the presence of stenoses and bypass grafts. Reasonable
      comparison between calculations and earlier experiments in horses has been
      obtained.

PMID- 3878437
TI  - Studies on the development of human acute myeloid leukaemia xenografts in immune
      deprived mice: comparison with cells in short-term culture.
AB  - Human AML cells from the blood of a series of patients have been implanted
      subcutaneously into mice immune-suppressed by thymectomy and total-body
      irradiation. Solid tumours resulted from 18 out of 19 samples and their growth
      was compared with the proliferation of AML cells in culture. In 17 cases tumours
      grew to a maximum size and then spontaneously regressed. Cells from one patient
      produced tumours which did not regress and could be retransplanted into freshly
      immune-suppressed mice. Cells from a human promyelocytic cell line (HL60) also
      produced nonregressing and retransplantantable tumours. Normal human mononuclear
      bone marrow cells implanted s.c. produced a growth pattern similar to that of the
      majority of AML cells. A second inoculum of AML cells into animals with
      regressing tumours also produced tumours and thus regression cannot be accounted
      for on the basis of returning immunity. AML cells placed into short-term
      suspension culture invariably matured to monocyte/macrophage type cells and/or
      granulocytic cells as identified by cytochemical staining. However, no
      correlation was observed between proliferation or maturation of cells in culture,
      and tumour growth in vivo. Cells derived from disaggregated AML tumours also
      showed evidence of myeloid differentiation suggesting that tumour regression is
      due to maturation of leukaemic cells.

PMID- 3878436
TI  - Colony-forming cells in chronic granulocytic leukemia--I. Proliferative responses
      to growth factors.
AB  - Peripheral blood cells from 2 patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia were
      separated by density centrifugation. Mononuclear cells of low density (d less
      than 1.062g cm-3) with blast-cell morphology were cryopreserved before culture in
      vitro. Upon culture in conventional colony assays, up to 20% of the cells formed
      hemopoietic colonies. Although the spectrum of colony types resembled that of
      normal bone-marrow cells, there were large differences between the patients with
      respect to the number, type and size of colonies that were observed. Colony
      formation required the addition of hemopoietic growth factors, such as colony
      stimulating activity and erythropoietin to the culture medium. The cells were
      used to assay hemopoietic regulatory molecules. Both erythropoietin and colony
      stimulating activity induced a strong proliferative response as measured by
      thymidine incorporation. Maximal stimulation was observed when erythropoietin and
      the supernatant of mixed lymphocyte cultures were added simultaneously. The
      difference between the cells from the 2 patients in clonal assays was reflected
      by the different response to individual hemopoietic regulators. The time course
      of maximal stimulation followed distinct patterns dependent on the source of
      stimulator. The stimulation was linearly dependent on the input cell number.
      Taken together, cryopreserved blast cells from patients with chronic granulocytic
      leukemia appear to be very useful for the characterization of factors regulating
      hemopoiesis, as well as for studies of hemopoiesis in general.

PMID- 3878438
TI  - Response to hydrocortisone of blast progenitors in acute myeloblastic leukemia:
      an aspect of lineage infidelity.
AB  - The blast population in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) contains cells capable
      of forming blast-cell colonies in culture. The purpose of this study was to
      measure the effects of hydrocortisone on this process, using two end-points.
      First, we measured the effects of increasing concentrations of hydrocortisone on
      the primary plating efficiency of T-lymphocyte-depleted blast cell preparations
      from AML peripheral blood. Second, colonies forming in the presence or absence of
      the hormone were pooled and replated; changes in the plating efficiencies
      (secondary plating efficiency or PE2) of these suspensions reflected the effect
      of the hormone on blast progenitor self-renewal. For comparison, we measured the
      hydrocortisone dose response curves for normal granulopoietic and T-lymphocyte
      colony-formation. The latter showed little individual variation; T-lymphocyte
      colony-formation was regularly sensitive to the hormone while granulopoietic
      colony-formation was resistant. In contrast, wide variations were found in the
      hydrocortisone dose response curve for blast from 24 patients with AML (FAB 1-6).
      A significant association was found between successful remission induction and
      resistance to hydrocortisone in 24 treated patients. The association was
      maintained when the data was stratified by other risk factors, including PE2 and
      the presence of blasts bearing immunologically-defined markers of more than one
      differentiation lineage (lineage infidelity). We propose that sensitivity to
      hydrocortisone may reflect the passage of blast cells through lymphopoiesis
      associated components of differentiation programs. From this point of view, the
      poor prognosis associated with sensitivity of blast progenitors to hydrocortisone
      may be similar to the response-failure of patients whose blasts exhibit lineaged
      infidelity when tested with immunological procedures.

PMID- 3878440
TI  - [A call to attention: multiresistant bacteria and abuse of antibiotics].

PMID- 3878439
TI  - [Cellular immunity in rheumatic fever: lymphocyte reactivity against
      streptococcal antigens].

PMID- 3878441
TI  - Tolfenamic acid in combination with caffeine: absorption during acute migraine.
AB  - Tolfenamic acid is an anti-inflammatory analgesic which is used in the treatment
      of migraine attacks. Because caffeine is used in certain analgesic combinations,
      its effects on the absorption of tolfenamic acid was studied in a crossover study
      in migraine patients. Caffeine did not significantly change the absorption of
      tolfenamic acid during migraine attacks. The extent of absorption following oral
      administration of tolfenamic acid is decreased during migraine attacks,
      irrespectively if the volunteers received caffeine or placebo in combination with
      the drug. The reasons are discussed. It seems obvious that the migraine itself is
      responsible for the lack of absorption that cannot be counteracted with caffeine.
      Pain relief within a five-hour testing period was not influenced by concomitant
      administration of caffeine. It is concluded that tolfenamic acid alone is
      sufficient in treating migraines.

PMID- 3878442
TI  - [Rheumatic disorders in diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3878443
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of median blow-out fractures].
AB  - Isolated medial blow-out fractures are rare. This report presents such a case in
      which blunt trauma to the orbit due to a ski accident was followed by herniation
      of the orbital fasciae and the nasal orbital tissue into the ethmoid and nasal
      cavity resulting in ptosis, enophthalmos, and total motility impairment in all
      directions. In particular, an incomplete abduction could be detected. To avoid
      recurrent infections, because of communication with the pneumatic cells of
      sinuses, a composite graft from the nasal septum was used for the reconstruction
      of the medial orbital wall.

PMID- 3878444
TI  - [Clinical relevance of protease inhibitors in nasal secretions].
AB  - The normal human nasal mucous membrane is protected against negative effects of
      proteases by special inhibitors. This inhibitor pool consists of both secretory
      specific and humoral inhibitors. A method is presented to determine the function
      of protease inhibitors in nasal secretion. Investigations have been carried out
      on secretions of healthy subjects, as well as patients suffering from sinusitis.
      The differences are illustrated. The results enable an evaluation of the degree
      of infection; the course of the disease can be documented. A possibility of
      producing synthetic inhibitors for therapy is discussed.

PMID- 3878445
TI  - [Suprathreshold alternating vestibular stimuli in orbiting spacecrafts].
AB  - The actual knowledge of the thresholds of stimulation of the otolith organ is
      reviewed. A vestibular stimulus unknown until now with a value transgressing the
      threshold has been found. This gravitational force is due to the gravitation of
      the sun and is caused by the fact that the spacecraft is moving at a different
      speed with respect to the sun on one side of the orbit than on the other. The
      problems of vestibular experiments in space and the connection with space motion
      sickness due to a field of microgravitation in orbiting spacecrafts is discussed.

PMID- 3878446
TI  - [Uses of endoscopic high frequency diathermy: polypectomy--sphincterotomy
      (papillotomy)].
AB  - Several complications may arise as a consequence of monopolar high frequency
      diathermy applied for control of hemorrhage, polypectomy and papillotomy because
      of the specific conditions of current flow. Such complications can be burns,
      thermic organ damage or dysfunction of implanted cardiac pacemakers. Results and
      experience obtained during the last decade however show, that this endoscopic
      method of surgery is efficient and of low risk, if appropriate precautions are
      taken.

PMID- 3878447
TI  - [Endoscopic laser therapy].
AB  - The Nd-YAG-laser is being used since ten years in gastroenterological endoscopy
      with good success. It can be used for treatment of bleeding lesions or lesions
      which potentially could bleed, for treatment of benign and malignant tumors,
      treatment of non-neoplastic stenoses and pathological changes in the region of
      the papilla. Own results with this treatment in 1033 patients are reported,
      demonstrating high efficacy of this method by improving quality of life and
      decreasing the number of surgical interventions necessary and also decreasing
      hospital lethality.

PMID- 3878448
TI  - Histiocytosis X in a patient with leprosy. A case report.

PMID- 3878450
TI  - A tumor immunotherapy technique based on modulation of the idiotype anti-idiotype
      network.
AB  - In this communication I propose a technique for manipulating the idiotype anti
      idiotype network with the aim of enhancing the immune response to tumors. The
      theoretical basis for this technique follows from Jerne's network theory of the
      immune system. By tolerizing the host to immunoglobulin bearing idiotypes
      directed against tumor associated antigens it should be possible to dampen the
      expected anti-idiotype response to these idiotypes. A reduced anti-idiotype
      response should result in an increased idiotype response and thus a greater anti
      tumor immune response.

PMID- 3878449
TI  - Changes in pineal indoleamine metabolism in vitamin A deficient rats.
AB  - Weanling, male rats were fed a vitamin A deficient (VAD) diet from 20 to 77 days
      of age. The circadian rhythms of the precursors and metabolites of pineal
      melatonin were measured along with the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT).
      Significant decreases in peak melatonin levels (0100 hours) and in nightime NAT
      activity (0100 and 0300 hours) were found in the pineals of the VAD rats. In
      contrast, the contents of serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan and 5-hydroxyindole
      acetic acid were only moderately affected by the deficiency. Daily administration
      of 25 micrograms melatonin from 20 to 74 days of age markedly reduced NAT
      activity in control and VAD rats. These data suggest that NAT activity is more
      sensitive to chronic VAD than any other parameters of melatonin metabolism.

PMID- 3878451
TI  - Monte Carlo evaluation of Compton scatter subtraction in single photon emission
      computed tomography.
AB  - In single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), Compton scattering
      produces a background that degrades the image quality and contributes erroneously
      to quantitative measurements. A clinically implementable compensation algorithm
      has previously been reported that subtracts a Compton scatter image, acquired in
      an energy window set below the energy of the photopeak, from the primary image
      acquired in the photopeak window. We present an evaluation and justification of
      the assumptions made in the previous empirical development of the subtraction
      algorithm. A Monte Carlo model of the SPECT system in which the Compton scattered
      vents may be followed independently of the nonscattered events was used to
      evaluate this subtraction technique. Simulation shows that the assumptions made
      in the experimental application of this algorithm were valid. Specifically (1)
      the "scatter" energy window used in the experiment (91-125 keV for imaging Tc
      99m) contains only scattered events, (2) the shape of the line spread function
      (LSF) for the events in the scatter window is a reasonable approximation to the
      shape of the scatter in the photopeak window, and (3) the ratio of the number of
      scattered events in the photopeak window to the number of events in the scatter
      window is 0.57, close to the value of 0.5 derived heuristically. Thus, Monte
      Carlo simulation validates the basic assumptions underlying the empirical
      implementation of the scatter subtraction algorithm.

PMID- 3878452
TI  - [Clinical and immunohematological considerations in a case of neonatal
      listeriosis].

PMID- 3878453
TI  - [Epidemiologic considerations on the rise in rheumatic disease and rheumatoid
      arthritis in childhood].

PMID- 3878454
TI  - [HLA and congenital genital adrenal syndrome caused by 21-hydroxylase
      deficiency].

PMID- 3878455
TI  - [The immunological studies on the splenectomy and the splenic autotransplantation
      in BALB/C mice].
AB  - Recently, it has been demonstrated that the severe infectious diseases are often
      caused after splenectomy. The significance of spleen on humoral immunity has been
      pointed out, however the alterations of cellular immunity by splenectomy has not
      yet been investigated sufficiently. In this study, the effects of splenectomy on
      the immunological aspects were examined. And the reconstruction of immunological
      responses by the splenic autotransplantation was also examined. The results
      obtained were as follows. The antibody titers against SRBC of the splenectomized
      groups continued to be apparently lower than those of sham-operated groups. The
      IgM of the splenectomized groups showed lower values than that of the sham
      operated groups, but concerning IgG, no distinct differences were noticed among
      these two groups. On the proliferation of peripheral lymphoid cells, the
      splenectomized groups from 4th week later showed a higher response than the sham
      operated groups. The splenic autotransplanted groups showed a similar response to
      the sham operated ones in the antibody production against SRBC, and the
      proliferations of lymphocytes. The splenic autotransplantation might be suggested
      to be a worthy application.

PMID- 3878456
TI  - [Proteins of the basal plate of bacteriophage T4 participating in the contractile
      impulse].
AB  - Reversible linking of proteins with Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions was used to study the
      topography of the structural proteins of bacteriophage T4 basal plate. Gene
      products (GP) 9 and 10 were found to directly contact the proximal part of long
      fibrils (GP34). GP27, GP54 and GP5 interact with the lower disk of the
      contractive sheath (GP18), while GP48 and GP54 are in contact with the core
      (GP19). The proteins of the sheath (GP18) and the core (GP19) were found to have
      contact over the whole tail length.

PMID- 3878457
TI  - Identification of murine H-2Db histocompatibility antigens in cells transfected
      with cloned H-2 genes.
AB  - Clones of mouse L-cells transformed with 21 cosmids containing 15 major
      histocompatibility complex class I genes of C57BL10 (H-2b) sperm cell DNA were
      analyzed for the expression of their transfected H-2 and Qa/Tla genes. Three
      cosmids contained a single gene, mapping to the H-2D region. This gene encodes
      the H-2Db alloantigen: mouse L-cells transfected with cosmids containing this
      gene reacted with monoclonal antibodies and alloantisera specific for the H-2Db
      antigen and expressed a 46-kd H-2 heavy chain associated with beta 2
      microglobulin in their cell membranes. Furthermore, these transfected cells were
      stimulators of, and targets for, anti-H-2Db cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Eighteen
      cosmids contained 14 different genes mapping to the Qa and Tla regions. L-cells
      transfected with these genes did not express class I genes reacting with
      alloantisera or monoclonal antibodies against Qa2, Qa4 or TL differentiation
      antigens. In particular, the Qa2,3 gene of C57BL10 was not identified.

PMID- 3878458
TI  - The expression of a private idiotope requires pretreatment with noncomplementary
      anti-idiotypic antibodies.
AB  - The levan-binding ABPC48 myeloma protein is characterized by 3 idiotopes, (Ids),
      defined by 3 syngeneic monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (IDA 10, IDA 16 and
      IDA 17). When BALB/c mice are immunized with levan, they produce anti-levan
      antibodies, some of which carry the Id 10 and Id 16 but not the Id 17
      determinants. In the present study, we attempted to induce the synthesis of Id 17
      positive anti-levan molecules. We found that immunization with IDA 17 antibodies
      alone was ineffective in inducing an Id 17 positive anti-levan response. By
      contrast, successive immunizations with IDA 10, IDA 16 and IDA 17 antibodies
      resulted in the synthesis of Id 17 positive anti-levan immunoglobulins. The
      synthesis of these molecules was concommitant with the induction of Id 10 and Id
      16 positive anti-levan antibodies. Thus our data suggest that the Id 17
      determinant on anti-levan antibodies is coexpressed with Id 10 and Id 16, and
      that successive anti-idiotypic treatment may result in the selective expansion of
      rare ABPC48 cross-reactive idiotype B-cell clone precursors.

PMID- 3878459
TI  - Mutual inhibition of the binding of Clq and protein A to rabbit IgG immune
      complexes.
AB  - A complex of rabbit IgG antibody with horseradish peroxidase covalently linked to
      Sepharose 4B was used as an insoluble immune complex for studying the binding of
      complement factor C1q protein A from Staphylococcus aureus, and its IgG-binding
      fragments AB and B, to rabbit IgG. It was shown that protein A (mol. wt approx.
      42,000) and fragments AB and B (mol. wts approx. 14,000 and 7000, respectively)
      inhibited the binding of C1q to insoluble immune complex at 4 degrees C. However,
      at 37 degrees C fragment B did not inhibit this binding. On the other hand, C1q,
      when bound to an insoluble immune complex, almost completely blocked the binding
      of protein A and fragment B at both temps. The higher affinity of C1q for its CH2
      binding site than of fragment B for its CH2-binding site may explain the
      displacement of the latter from the CH2 domain. The mutual inhibition of the
      binding of C1q and protein A (and its smaller fragments) indicates that the
      binding sites for C1q and protein A are closely located in the CH2 domain.

PMID- 3878460
TI  - Cardiac problems in elderly patients: early recognition and management.

PMID- 3878461
TI  - Cardiac problems in elderly patients: early recognition and management.
      Introduction.

PMID- 3878462
TI  - Hypertension in the elderly.

PMID- 3878463
TI  - Valvular heart disease in the elderly.

PMID- 3878464
TI  - Sinus node dysfunction: new concepts and evaluation of patients with suspected
      sick sinus syndrome.

PMID- 3878465
TI  - The role of early radionuclide ejection fraction in predicting early mortality
      after acute myocardial infarction in the elderly.

PMID- 3878466
TI  - Noncardiac surgery in the elderly patient with heart disease.

PMID- 3878467
TI  - Gastric neurilemmoma: case report.

PMID- 3878468
TI  - Cardiotoxic effects of chemicals.

PMID- 3878469
TI  - Milk of calcium in the kidney after cyst puncture.

PMID- 3878470
TI  - Gastric inflammatory pseudotumor.

PMID- 3878471
TI  - Senile macular degeneration and Kuhnt-Junius degeneration as separate entities:
      review.

PMID- 3878472
TI  - Importance of the lymphatic system.

PMID- 3878473
TI  - [Results of coronary bypass operations in women].

PMID- 3878474
TI  - Positron tomography in cerebral ischemia. A review.
AB  - This paper reviews the advances provided by positron emission tomography in the
      understanding of the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemic disorders in humans.
      The main focuses are on the evaluation of tissue integrity in recent stroke,
      distant metabolic effects of circumscribed vascular lesions, and hemodynamic
      consequences of internal carotid artery occlusion.

PMID- 3878475
TI  - Monoclonal antibody 2C5: a marker for a subpopulation of small neurones in rat
      dorsal root ganglia.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody 2C5 labels a subset of dorsal root ganglion neurones in the
      rat. The cell sizes of these neurones fall within the range for the small dark
      cell population and the antibody labels between a half and two-thirds of the
      neurones in this size range. A subpopulation of small neurones was also labelled
      in the trigeminal and vagal ganglia. Other sites of immunoreactivity in the
      central nervous system are the region of the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal
      cord, fibres in Lissauer's tract, the tractus solitarius and the tuberculum
      olfactorium. These sites are consistent with the antigen being expressed by the
      central processes of primary afferent neurones. It is suggested that the size
      distributions of 2C5-positive dorsal root ganglion neurones and the pattern of
      2C5 immunoreactivity within the spinal cord indicate that the labelled cells may
      be neurones with peripheral C fibers. Outside the nervous system the antigen is
      expressed in a number of specific cell types within a variety of organs. These
      include some pancreatic acinar cells, parietal cells of the gastric mucosa, some
      cells in taste buds, Leydig cells of the testis, scattered cells in lymph nodes
      and lung alveoli, some renal tubules, the epithelial lining of the fallopian
      tube, the epithelium covering the ovary and certain cells in the basal layer of
      the epidermis.

PMID- 3878476
TI  - [Arrhythmia in the period of rehabilitative convalescence after myocardial
      revascularization using venous grafts].

PMID- 3878477
TI  - [Complete myocardial revascularization. Initial clinical and angiographic results
      in a consecutive series of 51 surgically treated patients].

PMID- 3878478
TI  - [Surgical emergencies in neoplastic pathology of the stomach].

PMID- 3878479
TI  - [The immediate treatment of hemorrhage due to the rupture of esophageal varices.
      Our clinical experience].

PMID- 3878480
TI  - [Conservative treatment of splenic injuries. Review of 6 cases in a total of 51
      injuries of the spleen seen between 1974 and 1984].

PMID- 3878481
TI  - [Surgical complications of anticoagulant therapy. Observation of a case and
      review of the literature].

PMID- 3878482
TI  - Sites of the neurotoxic action of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine in
      the macaque monkey include the ventral tegmental area and the locus coeruleus.
AB  - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) produces a profound
      parkinsonian state when systemically administered in monkeys and man. Previous
      studies have shown MPTP to be toxic to only the dopamine (DA) cells in the
      substantia nigra pars compacta and not to other catecholamine (CA)-containing
      cells. The data presented here suggest that MPTP also has a specific neurotoxic
      effect on the DA-containing cells of the ventral tegmental area and the
      noradrenaline-containing cells of the locus coeruleus in macaque monkeys with a
      moderate-to-severe parkinsonian syndrome. The results suggest that MPTP-induced
      parkinsonism in the monkey more closely replicates the neurochemical changes seen
      in idiopathic Parkinson's disease than previously thought.

PMID- 3878484
TI  - Recurrent gut bleeding in five long-distance runners.

PMID- 3878483
TI  - Massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage secondary to colonic varices.

PMID- 3878485
TI  - Necrotizing scleritis. A clinico-pathologic study of 41 cases.
AB  - Scleritis is not a single clinical or pathologic entity. It has several distinct
      forms. A clinico-pathologic study of 41 cases of necrotizing scleritis suggests
      that these different histopathologic forms of disease may reflect different
      mechanisms of immunopathogenesis. These cases were divided into three main
      groups: (1) scleral inflammations associated with various systemic autoimmune
      diseases, including 11 cases of rheumatoid arthritis, three cases of Wegener's
      granulomatosis, one case of polychondritis, and one case of Goodpasture's
      syndrome; (2) infectious scleritis, consisting of four cases of herpes zoster
      ophthalmicus and two cases of pseudomonas scleritis; and (3) idiopathic
      scleritis, without evidence of systematic disorder, consisting of 19 cases. The
      first group exhibited predominantly necrosis of the sclera surrounded by
      granulomatous inflammation and vasculitis. None of these cases showed lymphoid
      follicles, or healing attempts manifested by proliferation of fibroblasts and
      blood vessels at the site of inflammation. The idiopathic group revealed few
      small foci of scleral necrosis and mainly non-granulomatous inflammation. In
      addition, there was evidence of proliferation of granulation tissue and lymphoid
      follicles in this group of eyes.

PMID- 3878486
TI  - Superficial reticular degeneration of Koby.
AB  - Koby in 1927 described a progressive, superficial corneal degeneration in a
      middle-aged woman that led to a painless loss of vision. This condition was
      characterized by the appearance of a central, fine, white reticulum at the level
      of Bowman's layer. The epithelium was thickened and bedewed, giving a faint
      brownish opalescence and providing a striking contrast to the white reticulum. We
      evaluated a patient with this rare corneal degeneration, and present clinical
      findings as well as the results of a superficial corneal biopsy. The biopsy was
      evaluated by light and electron microscopy and provides the initial documentation
      of this entity as an atypical form of band keratopathy.

PMID- 3878487
TI  - Amphotericin clearance in vitrectomized versus nonvitrectomized eyes.
AB  - Ocular clearance of amphotericin B after direct intravitreal injection was
      studied in a rabbit model. Unmodified phakic eyes, Candida-infected eyes, aphakic
      eyes, and aphakic vitrectomized eyes were employed. Using high pressure liquid
      chromatography to assess drug level, the half-lives of drug disappearance after
      single 10-microgram (microgram) intravitreal injections were 9.1, 8.6, 4.7, and
      1.4 days, respectively. The disappearance slope for vitrectomized eyes was
      significantly different from all nonvitrectomized eyes with P less than 0.001.
      The rapid disappearance of amphotericin from vitrectomized eyes must be
      considered in clinical management of patients with fungal endophthalmitis.

PMID- 3878488
TI  - Difference in severity of tuberculosis in children with or without a BCG scar.

PMID- 3878489
TI  - [DiGeorge syndrome--significance of early diagnosis in cellular
      immunodeficiency].
AB  - Di George syndrome is caused by anomalous development of the organs arising from
      the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches and results in congenital aplasia of the
      thymus, aplasia or hypoplasia of the parathyroid glands and cardiovascular
      malformations. Clinically, affected children show hypoparathyroidism and, because
      of depressed cell-mediated immunity, serious bacterial, viral and fungal
      infections. We present an infant, aged 6 weeks, with convulsions due to
      hypocalcemia, in which cell-mediated immunodeficiency was detected. Additionally
      diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities in DiGeorge syndrome are shown.

PMID- 3878490
TI  - Functional electrical stimulation as an orthotic means for the rehabilitation of
      paraplegic patients.
AB  - In rehabilitating paraplegic patients the restoration of locomotion is often
      planned to enable the disabled person to use the wheelchair as little as possible
      or eventually even to abandon it. This objective is more easily obtained in those
      with incomplete spinal lesions. Applied with the view of restoring locomotion are
      various types of orthoses, but in the present paper the authors deal with
      functional electrical stimulation (hereinafter FES) as a means of restoring
      locomotion, demonstrating the advantages of FES over the use of classical
      orthoses. The paper offers an outline of the methodology of FES in spinal neural
      lesions, discusses the criteria of patient selection, giving indications and
      contraindications. The authors conclude by stating their belief that this
      treatment represents a new way of rehabilitating spinal paralysed patients which
      will sooner or later become part of the routine rehabilitation of paraplegic
      patients.

PMID- 3878491
TI  - Pathology of some of the opportunistic infections in acquired immune deficiency
      syndrome (AIDS).

PMID- 3878492
TI  - The human cytolytic T lymphocyte response to transplantation antigens.
AB  - Cytolytic T lymphocytes are important effectors in the immune response to
      allografts, viral infections, and some tumors. Cytolytic T lymphocyte lines and
      clones have been generated and used to define functionally relevant effector and
      target cell surface molecules. The major target antigens of the human allogeneic
      response are the major histocompatibility complex antigens. Functionally relevant
      effector antigens include LFA-1, LFA-2, LFA-3, OKT4, OKT8, OKT3, and Ti, the T
      cell receptor. The diagnostic and therapeutic implications of T cell surface
      molecules are discussed.

PMID- 3878493
TI  - [Characteristics of the activity of the skeletal muscles in the water and under
      usual conditions in healthy children in the first year of life and in children
      with post-hypoxic encephalopathy].

PMID- 3878494
TI  - [Effect of anemia in pregnant women on the immunity factors of the newborn
      infants].

PMID- 3878495
TI  - Silver ion-induced tension development and membrane depolarization in frog
      skeletal muscle fibres.
AB  - Silver ions elicit dose-dependently a transient contracture in single fibres of
      bull-frog toe muscle placed in 0-Ca2+, Cl- -free MOPS solution containing 3 mM
      Mg2+ and NO3-. To elucidate the mechanisms involved, changes in membrane
      potential and in tension development were continuously measured following
      exposure to Ag+. The effect of Ag+ on contraction in fibres in which the membrane
      had been depolarized by elevating the external K+ concentration was also
      examined. The major findings of this investigation are as follows. (1) The
      mechanical threshold was shifted towards more negative potentials by 5 mV (-51 to
      -56 mV), when Ca2+ and Cl- in the Ringer's solution were replaced with Mg2+ and
      NO3-, respectively. (2) On the exposure of the fibres to 5 microM Ag+, the
      membrane potential decreased by 1.6 mV from -87.8 mV and tension was developed.
      (3) In fibres soaked in a solution containing 10 mM K+ (corresponding to a
      membrane potential of -69.5 mV), 5 microM Ag+ produced a large contracture
      similar to that seen in the control solution. (4) The Ag+-induced contracture was
      inactivated when more than 20 mM K+ was used. (5) The membrane depolarization
      evoked by either 20 or 50 microM Hg2+ did not produce contraction. (6) Muscle
      fibres which had been exposed to 20 microM Hg2+ for 5 min responded to 5 microM
      Ag+ by a transient tension development. These findings strongly suggest that Ag+
      induced tension development is not associated with depolarization of the surface
      membrane but rather is caused by specific actions of Ag+ on membrane proteins in
      the T-tubules.

PMID- 3878496
TI  - [New immunotherapy methods. I. T cell growth factor (IL-2) administered by using
      transfusion bags, augmented lymphokine production].

PMID- 3878497
TI  - [Semiquantitative display of regional cerebral blood flow and neuronal function
      using N-isopropyl-(123I)-p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) and emission tomography].
AB  - Between June 1983 and March 1985 197 patients were examined with 123I-IMP brain
      scintigraphy and ECT. They had various neurological diseases, the majority
      suffered from cerebrovascular affections. The reference for pathological findings
      was a group of 14 healthy volunteers. A visual interpretation of the ECT-slices
      alone is not reliable enough. A semiquantitative assessment of perfusion
      abnormalities seems to be very important, especially in diffuse or bilateral
      alterations. The proposed semiquantitative evaluation makes use of the total
      cerebral accumulation in the control group (35.6 +/- 4.3 cts/pixel/mCi/min) and
      right-left ratios of 14 paired and fixed regions of interest (ROI) in three ECT
      slices. The ROIs are related to the anatomical flow supply areas in the brain.
      The right-left ratios are around 1.0 with a physiological asymmetry of +/- less
      than 2% (standard deviation). The asymmetry is an important parameter in
      assessing presence and severity of disease. If pathological findings are diffuse
      or symmetric, the visual interpretation of scintigrams or the calculation of
      right-left ratios are often unsuccessful. Thus, the same ROI-data were separated
      for the right and left hemisphere and drawn as cts/ROI/pixel/mCi in diagrams as
      profile. The diagram demonstrates perfusion abnormalities semiquantitatively
      without using calculation of asymmetry, since asymmetry alone cannot
      differentiate between hypoperfusion of one and hyperperfusion of the
      contralateral side.

PMID- 3878499
TI  - Pertussis: current status of prevention and treatment.

PMID- 3878498
TI  - Comparison of riboflavin, vitamin A, and zinc status of Chinese populations at
      high and low risk for esophageal cancer.
AB  - In two surveys in The Peoples Republic of China, blood samples were collected for
      nutritional studies in two counties where the risks of esophageal cancer are very
      different. The first survey was done in May 1980 in Linxian County (Henan
      Province) where the risk of esophageal cancer is very high. Blood samples were
      obtained from 111 persons (58 men, 53 women) who were selected randomly from 528
      subjects that underwent endoscopical examination. The second survey was done in
      May 1981 in Jiaoxian County (Shandong Province) where the risk of esophageal
      cancer is reported to be relatively low. Blood samples were obtained from 120
      persons (66 men, 54 women) who were selected randomly from 252 subjects that had
      also had undergone endoscopy. The blood samples were used to measure the
      nutritional status of riboflavin (erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation
      coefficient), vitamin A (retinol and carotene concentrations), and zinc (plasma
      and hair zinc concentrations). Only riboflavin status was significantly different
      in the two communities. The distribution of erythrocyte glutathione reductase
      activation coefficient values suggested that riboflavin status was much better in
      the low-risk community. Also in May 1981, a few more blood samples were obtained
      from some of the participants of the previous year's study in Linxian. A slight
      improvement in riboflavin and zinc status was detected. We considered the
      possibility that these changes may have been linked to the socioeconomic changes
      currently taking place in rural areas. Data were also collected from food
      allocation records in 15 production brigades in Linxian and 13 production
      brigades in Jiaoxian in the same years. The records used represented the food
      consumption of 3,491 and 2,552 persons, respectively, and were used to calculate
      daily food and nutrient intakes in the two communities. Dietary analyses
      highlighted the vegetarian nature of the diet, the low consumption of riboflavin,
      and the virtual dependence on carotene for vitamin A. Both communities consumed
      very little in the way of animal products or fruit, but intake of these items was
      higher in Jiaoxian.

PMID- 3878500
TI  - Chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy of travelers' diarrhea in children.

PMID- 3878501
TI  - Microbiology of recently treated acute otitis media compared with previously
      untreated acute otitis media.
AB  - Isolates were obtained from 169 middle ear aspirates of 148 children with
      recently treated acute otitis media (RTOM) and from 123 aspirates of 84 children
      with previously untreated acute otitis media (UOM). In RTOM Streptococcus
      pneumoniae and Group A streptococcus (P less than 0.02) were recovered less
      frequently whereas Staphylococcus aureus (P less than 0.001) and Haemophilus
      influenzae (P less than 0.02) were recovered more frequently than in UOM.
      Patients with RTOM had more beta-lactamase-producing organisms and multiple
      isolates. Bilateral sterile aspirates were more common in RTOM although bilateral
      otitis media was more common in UOM. In RTOM most Branhamella catarrhalis
      isolates were co-pathogens whereas Staphylococcus epidermidis were always
      isolated in pure culture. Amoxicillin was the antimicrobial most frequently
      (83.9%) received for the recently treated episode of otitis media. In RTOM 62.4%
      of isolates were susceptible to previously prescribed antibiotics, suggesting
      that factors other than antimicrobial susceptibility are also important in the
      occurrence of RTOM.

PMID- 3878502
TI  - Cefamandole failure in Haemophilus influenzae endocarditis.

PMID- 3878503
TI  - Effects of corticotropin releasing factor on locomotor activity in
      hypophysectomized rats.
AB  - Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) injected intracerebroventricularly to
      hypophysectomized and sham hypophysectomized rats produced a dose dependent
      increase in locomotor activity, but in untreated hypophysectomized rats 10X more
      CRF was needed to produce a significant increase in activity. Concomitant daily
      supplements of rat growth hormone, thyroxine, and corticosterone to the
      hypophysectomized rats eliminated locomotor activity differences between the two
      groups. There was no statistically significant difference in locomotor response
      to either saline, 0.1 micrograms CRF, 1.0 micrograms CRF or 10.0 micrograms CRF
      in the group of animals receiving hormonal supplements. These results demonstrate
      that CRF can produce behavioral activation in rats independently of its effects
      on releasing hormones from the pituitary gland.

PMID- 3878505
TI  - Child psychiatric disorders: prevalence and perspectives.
AB  - This article provides a review of child psychiatric epidemiology, particularly as
      it applies to community prevalence surveys. By way of introduction, the
      administrative and scientific uses of epidemiology are outlined. Major issues in
      the field are discussed including prevalence versus incidence, definition of
      deviance and correlates, psychometric properties of instruments, sampling,
      sources of data, general maladjustment versus specific disorder, and
      comparability and generalizability of results. Current findings presented include
      a review of prevalence estimates for general maladjustment, conduct disorder,
      neurotic disorder, hyperactivity, and depressive disorder. Information is
      presented on the correlates of sex, age, social class, family factors, and school
      influences. The clinical implications of the correlate data are discussed and
      include the importance of utilizing multiple sources of data during the
      assessment phase and basing a treatment plan on a comprehensive assessment in
      which interventions are aimed at specific risk factors and strengths. Last,
      future directions of the field are suggested including the importance of gaining
      data on the correlates of the duration rather than the occurrence of disorders
      and the need for randomized clinical trials in which innovative prevention and
      treatment programs are launched and carefully evaluated.

PMID- 3878504
TI  - Effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide on the neuroeffector mechanism of
      sympathetic nerve terminals in rat vas deferens.
AB  - In order to evaluate the mode of action of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)
      on the neuroeffector mechanism of peripheral sympathetic nerve fibers, the
      effects of CGRP were tested on the electrical stimulated and the non-stimulated
      preparations of the isolated rat vas deferens. The contractile responses, which
      were mediated predominantly by activation of postganglionic noradrenergic nerve
      fibers, were dose-dependently inhibited by CGRP in concentrations ranging from
      0.1 to 10 nM. The inhibitory response produced by CGRP in high concentrations
      (greater than 2 nM) usually returned to the control level at 20-30 min and were
      rarely tachyphylactic. The inhibitory action of CGRP was not modified by
      pretreatment with 10(-7) M propranolol or 10(-7) M atropine. Contractions
      produced by exogenous norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in
      unstimulated preparations were not affected by pretreatment with CGRP in a low
      concentration (less than 2 nM). On the other hand, the contractions were slightly
      reduced 1 min after pretreatment with CGRP in high concentrations (greater than 5
      nM), which recovered in 15 min after constant flow washout. High concentrations
      of CGRP also caused a concentration-dependent relaxation on the precontracted
      preparations produced by high potassium (60 mM K+) solution. These results
      suggest that CGRP in high concentrations (greater than 5 nM) may have a non
      specific inhibitory action on the postsynaptic plasma membrane of the smooth
      muscle cell and a postulated CGRP receptor exists presynaptically in the rat vas
      deferens and that CGRP may inhibit the release of NE during adrenergic nerve
      stimulation.

PMID- 3878506
TI  - Child abuse. Perspectives on treatment and research.
AB  - This article provides an historical survey of child abuse. Incidence and
      prevalence, etiology, diagnosis and clinical features, treatment, and the
      importance of prevention are detailed.

PMID- 3878507
TI  - Learning disabilities. Etiology, diagnosis, and management.
AB  - The common co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders and academic problems makes it
      important for child psychiatrists to have a general understanding of learning
      disabilities. The authors review past and present conceptual models of learning
      disabilities and set out brief guidelines for comprehensive evaluation and
      diagnosis of learning problems. In addition, general issues of remediation,
      educational placement, and future research priorities are discussed.

PMID- 3878508
TI  - Speech and language impairment and psychiatric risk. Toward a model of
      neurodevelopmental immaturity.
AB  - This article examines the relationship between speech and language impairment and
      psychiatric disorders in children. Recent research on the prevalence and
      correlates of speech and language impairment is reviewed. The natural history and
      classification of speech and language impairment is explored and the implications
      for clinical practice, theory, and research are discussed.

PMID- 3878509
TI  - Hyperactivity. Overview and new directions.
AB  - An enormous number of articles have been published in recent years on this most
      researched and best known of the childhood behavior disorders. This article
      discusses the syndrome of hyperactivity in terms of postdictive, concurrent, and
      predictive validity. Future research is considered and follow-up studies are
      reviewed.

PMID- 3878510
TI  - Childhood schizophrenia. A review and comparison with adult-onset schizophrenia.
AB  - Childhood schizophrenia versus childhood autism and the phenomenology,
      epidemiology, and premorbid characteristics of childhood schizophrenia are
      reviewed, as well as pregnancy and birth complications, electroencephalographic
      studies, biochemistry, and genetic factors of this disorder. Treatment
      considerations and follow-up studies are outlined.

PMID- 3878511
TI  - [Use of the leukocyte reaction to tuberculin and immunoglobulin determination in
      the diagnosis of primary tuberculous infection in children].

PMID- 3878512
TI  - [Functional activity of blood leukocytes and cutaneous aseptic inflammation cells
      in children with tuberculosis].

PMID- 3878513
TI  - [Role of the paramecium test in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children].

PMID- 3878514
TI  - [HLA-phenotype in children with local forms of primary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3878515
TI  - [Effect of autoserum on spontaneous and complement-induced rosette formation by
      lymphocytes in pulmonary tuberculosis patients].

PMID- 3878516
TI  - [Changes in indices of immunity in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
      complicated by chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 3878517
TI  - [Tuberculous infection of school children at the time of mass BCG vaccination].

PMID- 3878518
TI  - The analgesic efficacy of one pre- and postoperative dose of piroxicam in oral
      surgery.

PMID- 3878519
TI  - Modification and secretion of human interleukin 2 produced in insect cells by a
      baculovirus expression vector.
AB  - A cDNA coding for human interleukin 2 (IL-2) was inserted into the genome of
      Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus adjacent to the polyhedrin
      promoter. Cells infected with recombinant virus produced high levels of Mr 15,500
      IL-2 polypeptide, the majority of which was secreted into the culture medium
      during infection. The recombinant IL-2 was able to stimulate the growth of an IL
      2-dependent cell line. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the insect-derived
      IL-2 was identical to that of natural IL-2. Thus, a mammalian signal peptide was
      recognized and properly removed in insect cells.

PMID- 3878520
TI  - Isolation and amino acid sequence of corticotropin-releasing factor from pig
      hypothalami.
AB  - A polypeptide was isolated from acid extracts of porcine hypothalami on the basis
      of its high ability to stimulate the release of corticotropin from superfused rat
      pituitary cells. After an initial separation by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25,
      further purification was carried out by reversed-phase HPLC. The isolated
      material was homogeneous chromatographically and by N-terminal sequencing. Based
      on automated gas-phase sequencing of the intact and CNBr-cleaved peptide and on
      carboxypeptidase Y digestion, the primary structure of this 41-residue
      polypeptide was determined to be Ser-Glu-Glu-Pro-Pro-Ile-Ser-Leu-Asp-Leu-Thr-Phe
      His-Leu-Leu-Arg-Glu-Val -Leu-Glu-Met-Ala-Arg-Ala-Glu-Gln-Leu-Ala-Gln-Gln-Ala-His
      Ser-Asn-Arg-Lys -Leu-Met-Glu-Asn-Phe-NH2. Porcine corticotropin-releasing factor
      (CRF) shares a common amino acid sequence (residues 1-39) with rat and human CRF
      and differs from these only in positions 40 and 41. However, isoleucine was also
      present at position 40 in porcine CRF, but in a smaller percentage than
      asparagine. The sequence of porcine CRF shows 83% homology with ovine CRF.
      Porcine CRF markedly stimulated the release of corticotropin from superfused rat
      and pig pituitary cells. The biological activity and close structural
      relationship to CRFs of other species indicate that the peptide isolated
      represents porcine CRF.

PMID- 3878521
TI  - Region of peptide 125-147 of acetylcholine receptor alpha subunit is exposed at
      neuromuscular junction and induces experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis, T
      cell immunity, and modulating autoantibodies.
AB  - A major antigenic region of native nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AcChoR) has
      been identified by using a synthetic disulfide-looped peptide corresponding to
      alpha-subunit residues 125-147 of Torpedo electric organ AcChoR: Lys-Ser-Tyr-Cys
      Glu-Ile-Ile-Val-Thr-His-Phe- Pro-Phe-Asp-Gln-Gln-Asn-Cys-Thr-Met-Lys-Leu-Gly. The
      peptide bound 26-56% of polyclonal antibodies induced in rat, rabbit, and dog by
      immunization with native AcChoR. Rats inoculated with 50 micrograms of
      unconjugated peptide developed helper T-cell responses, delayed hypersensitivity,
      and antibodies to native AcChoR. Anti-peptide antibodies were more reactive with
      native than denatured AcChoR and bound to the alpha subunit. Some reacted
      exclusively with mammalian muscle AcChoR, some induced modulation of AcChoR on
      cultured myotubes, but none inhibited binding of alpha-bungarotoxin to
      solubilized or membrane-associated AcChoR. Repeated immunization induced
      experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis: clinical signs in one rat and
      electrophysiologic and/or biochemical signs in 10 of 11 rats. Thus, at least part
      of the corresponding region of the mammalian AcChoR alpha subunit is
      extracellular at the neuromuscular junction and a potential target for pathogenic
      autoantibodies in patients with acquired myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 3878522
TI  - Formation of serotonin by rat kidneys in vivo.
AB  - Renal formation of serotonin by decarboxylation of its amino acid precursor L-5
      hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) has been demonstrated with renal tissue homogenates
      and isolated perfused rat kidneys. Our objective in the present study was to
      determine whether the conversion of L-5-HTP to serotonin was associated with
      functional changes by kidneys in vivo. Renal clearance studies were conducted in
      anesthetized, volume-expanded male Sprague-Dawley rats receiving either saline (n
      = 9) or L-5-HTP (15 and 75 micrograms/min iv, n = 9). No change in mean arterial
      pressure was measured during infusions of L-5-HTP at either dose, whereas
      glomerular filtration rate (GFR), as measured by the clearance of inulin, and
      effective renal plasma flow (CPAH) decreased by 34 +/- 5% (mean +/- SE, P less
      than 0.001) and 26 +/- 7% (P greater than 0.07), respectively. Urine flow and
      sodium excretion decreased by 41 +/- 9% (P less than 0.01). Serotonin and 5-HTP
      were determined in urine and plasma using HPLC. High levels of 5-HTP were present
      in plasma, but not urine. Urinary serotonin increased in the rats receiving L-5
      HTP without concomitant increases in plasma serotonin. More than 20% of the
      infused L-5-HTP was recovered in the urine as serotonin. The decarboxylase
      inhibitor carbidopa (20 micrograms/min) markedly reduced urinary serotonin
      excretion in the rats which received L-5-HTP and reversed the changes in GFR,
      CPAH, urine flow, and sodium excretion. Infusions of the amino acid precursor of
      L-5-HTP, L-tryptophan (n = 7), did not alter kidney function or increase plasma
      or urinary 5-HTP or serotonin levels. These results are consistent with the
      intrarenal formation of serotonin by renal decarboxylase with attendant
      alterations in renal hemodynamics and salt and water excretion.

PMID- 3878523
TI  - Secretion of calcitonin gene-related peptide from baby rat thyroid glands in
      vitro.
AB  - Thyroid glands from 8-day-old rat pups were incubated in serum-free medium for 6
      hr. Both calcitonin (CT) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) released into
      medium were measured by radioimmunoassay. In 6 separate experiments CGRP was
      easily detected in medium in ng/ml concentrations. In 4 of the 6 experiments,
      where CT release was stimulated by high medium [Ca], the concentration of CGRP in
      medium showed a positive, significant correlation with the medium CT
      concentration (r = 0.41-0.69, p less than .05- less than .01). The results are in
      concert with reports describing the presence of CGRP in the C-cell, and they
      further show that CGRP, as well as CT, can be secreted by C-cell.

PMID- 3878524
TI  - Stimulant and anxiogenic effects of corticotropin releasing factor.
AB  - Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) injected intracerebroventricularly in doses
      from 15-150 pmoles (10-1000 nanograms) produced a prolonged locomotor activation
      in rats previously habituated to a test cage environment. This CRF activation
      persisted following hypophysectomy, opiate-receptor blockade and low dose
      dopamine receptor blockade suggesting a unique mechanism of action. In aversive,
      stressful situations such as a novel open field test and an operant conflict test
      CRF produced behavioral changes consistent with increased "emotionality." In the
      rat conflict test, this "anxiogenic" effect of CRF could be reversed by low doses
      of the anti-anxiety drug chlordiazepoxide. These results suggest that CRF
      liberated directly into the central nervous system may have an endocoid action
      important for mobilizing behavioral responses to stress.

PMID- 3878525
TI  - Coordinated optical and electron microscopic analysis of particle-cytoskeletal
      interactions in cytoplasmic transport.

PMID- 3878526
TI  - Electron probe x-ray microanalysis studies on the ionic environment of nuclei and
      the maintenance of chromatin structure.
AB  - We have demonstrated the application of electron probe X-ray microanalysis to
      studies aimed at determining the role of the ionic environment in the maintenance
      of a stable chromatin structure during interphase. Our results indicate that X
      ray microanalysis can be used to accurately measure the concentration of ions,
      such as Na+ and K+ within subcellular compartments. We also present evidence from
      our X-ray microanalysis studies to show that only a portion of the K+ in the
      interphase nucleus is in a free ionic state and that the rest of the intranuclear
      K+ is adsorbed to intranuclear macromolecules. The stable structural state of
      interphase chromatin was correlated with the maintenance of a normal range in the
      chemical activities of monovalent ions in the oocyte nucleus. Finally, we
      demonstrated that the chemical activity of the monovalent ions probably increases
      beyond this normal interphase range as the chromatin in the nucleus condenses
      into discrete chromosomes during the first meiotic division in the amphibian
      oocyte. The above observations support the hypothesis of Kellermayer et al.
      (1984) that the maintenance of chromatin structure in the nucleus of living cells
      requires a balance between the presence or absence of mobile nuclear proteins and
      the chemical activity of monovalent cations. It also suggests that an elevation
      of the chemical activity of the monovalent cations above a normal range will
      result in the destabilization of interphase chromatin structure. It is
      hypothesized that an elevation of monovalent cations may be directly involved in
      the structural and functional changes in chromatin which are known to take place
      at the time of meiosis and mitosis.

PMID- 3878527
TI  - Genetics of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

PMID- 3878528
TI  - [The pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical assessment of
      acetylaminonitropropoxybenzene (Falimint). 6. Quantitative composition of
      metabolites].
AB  - Substances appearing in the metabolism of Falimint were analyzed quantitatively.
      The composition of metabolites is remarkable constant in various persons and
      dosages. The concentration of metabolites in urine accumulates after 2 h. Within
      6 h the bulk of metabolites is eliminated.

PMID- 3878529
TI  - Ectomography--a tomographic method for gamma camera imaging.
AB  - In computerised gamma camera imaging the projections are readily obtained in
      digital form, and the number of picture elements may be relatively few. This
      condition makes emission techniques suitable for ectomography--a tomographic
      technique for directly visualising arbitrary sections of the human body. The
      camera rotates around the patient to acquire different projections in a way
      similar to SPECT. This method differs from SPECT, however, in that the camera is
      placed at an angle to the rotational axis, and receives two-dimensional, rather
      than one-dimensional, projections. Images of body sections are reconstructed by
      digital filtration and combination of the acquired projections. The main
      advantages of ectomography--a high and uniform resolution, a low and uniform
      attenuation and a high signal-to-noise ratio--are obtained when imaging sections
      close and parallel to a body surface. The filtration eliminates signals
      representing details outside the section and gives the section a certain
      thickness. Ectomographic transverse images of a line source and of a human brain
      have been reconstructed. Details within the sections are correctly visualised and
      details outside are effectively eliminated. For comparison, the same sections
      have been imaged with SPECT.

PMID- 3878530
TI  - Negative chronotropic and atrioventricular blocking effects of taxine on isolated
      frog heart and its acute toxicity in mice.

PMID- 3878531
TI  - Cerebral ventricular size in depressed subjects.
AB  - A computed tomographic study of 101 depressed patients and 52 normal control
      subjects is described. Increasing age and male sex were both associated with
      larger ventricular size in both patient and control groups. Controlling for these
      effects, the depressed patients had larger ventricles than the control subjects.
      In the patient group there was no association between ventricular size, course of
      illness or exposure to drug treatment or electroconvulsive therapy.

PMID- 3878532
TI  - [A radioimmunological technic for the assay of human albumin at low
      concentrations].
AB  - In the present study a radioimmunoassay procedure for the measurement of human
      albumin is described which presents some modifications with respect to an earlier
      method used for the measurement of albumin in peritoneal dialyzate. The results
      of electrolytic labelling of albumin, the kinetic curve on the antigen-antibody
      reaction and the cross reactivity of the anti-albumin antiserum with alpha 1
      antitrypsin are reported. The typical standard curve obtained with the proposed
      method allows the estimation of human albumin in biological fluids where the
      protein is present at very low quantities, not measurable by traditional
      complexometric and colorimetric techniques.

PMID- 3878533
TI  - [Nature of the death of thymus lymphocytes as affected by different kinds of
      harmful factors].
AB  - It was shown that thymus lymphocyte death caused by the effect of
      dithiobisdinitrobenzoic acid, hyperthermia, and osmotic shock is not accompanied
      by ordered chromatin degradation. Protein synthesis inhibitors do not prevent
      thymocyte death under these effects. The authors discuss the kinds of lymphoid
      cell death which depend upon the nature of the damaging factor and differ both in
      morphology and the character of nuclear material degradation.

PMID- 3878534
TI  - [Viability of rat thymocytes as affected by radiation and combined radiation-heat
      damage].
AB  - A share of damaged (nonviable) cells of rat thymus was quantitatively estimated
      on days 1 and 3 following irradiation with doses of 1, 3 and 6 Gy and a combined
      treatment with radiation and heat. The percentage of nonviable thymocytes was
      higher after the combined treatment than after the effect of radiation alone
      delivered in equivalent doses.

PMID- 3878535
TI  - [Primary processes in photosynthesis and chlorophyll biosynthesis].

PMID- 3878536
TI  - [Humoral and cellular immunity in patients with psoriasis].

PMID- 3878537
TI  - [Effect of microwave irradiation on the hematopoietic and immunological systems.
      II. Experimental animal studies, cell cultures and human studies].

PMID- 3878538
TI  - Stimulatory effects of human pancreatic polypeptide on rat pancreatic acini.
AB  - The effect of human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) on rat pancreatic acini has been
      studied. It was found that HPP stimulated amylase and lipase release from the
      acini. The secretory response of acini to HPP was dose-dependent in a sigmoidal
      fashion. Between 10(-9) M and 10(-8) M concentration of HPP there was a slow
      increase of enzyme release to about 40-60% over basal release. At concentrations
      of HPP above 10(-8) M there was a rapid increase of enzyme release, amounting to
      4-6 times over basal release at 10(-6) M concentration of HPP. The potency of HPP
      compared to other secretagogues at 10(-7) M concentration was 45% of CCK, 60% of
      carbachol and 75% of secretin. HPP did not inhibit the effect of CCK, secretin
      and carbachol on amylase release. The amylase release stimulated by HPP was
      accompanied by an increase in 45Ca2+ efflux. Atropine or dibutyryl cyclic GMP did
      not influence the effect of HPP. It is concluded that HPP stimulates the release
      of enzymes from rat pancreatic acini and that Ca2+ may be a mediator for this
      secretion.

PMID- 3878539
TI  - [Advantages of digital angiography in the study of vascular and parenchymal
      pathology in childhood].
AB  - The experience on 54 cases of vasculo-parenchimal pathology of paediatric age
      studied in our Institution in the last thirty (february '83-june '85) by venous
      or arterial DSA is reported. The advantages are analyzed provided by DSA in these
      patients, first represented by: highly satisfying and constant image quality
      obtained with general anaesthesia and controlled suspended breathing; minimal
      pharmacological and technical invasivity. A partial revision of diagnostic
      protocols, based on these considerations, may be proposed.

PMID- 3878540
TI  - [Inspiratory muscles strength in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease].

PMID- 3878541
TI  - [2 central venous catheters by a single puncture].

PMID- 3878542
TI  - [Peculiarities in the treatment of systemic mycoses].

PMID- 3878543
TI  - [Gastric ulcer after subtotal esophagectomy and esophagogastroplasty].

PMID- 3878544
TI  - [Ethanol: an etiologic factor but not modulator of pancreatic dysfunction].

PMID- 3878545
TI  - [Visceral larva migrans caused by Toxocara canis].

PMID- 3878546
TI  - [Functional examination of the pancreas with indirect methods (the NBT-PABA test
      and pancreolauryl test) in patients with chronic pancreatic diseases].

PMID- 3878547
TI  - [Various aspects of boutonneuse fever].

PMID- 3878548
TI  - [Serum levels of osteocalcin in hypercalcemia caused by primary
      hyperparathyroidism and in tumor hypercalcemia].

PMID- 3878549
TI  - [Schonlein-Henoch syndrome with massive intestinal hemorrhage].

PMID- 3878550
TI  - [Reinterventions in coronary surgery. Etiopathogenic aspects and results in 102
      cases].

PMID- 3878551
TI  - [Factors determining hospital mortality in coronary surgery].

PMID- 3878552
TI  - [Results of combined valve and coronary surgery].

PMID- 3878553
TI  - [Ferritin, antitrypsin and hepatic cancer].

PMID- 3878554
TI  - [Intraparietal gastric hematomas. An infrequent complication of oxyntic-cell
      vagotomy. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 3878555
TI  - [Centromere antibody in primary biliary cirrhosis].

PMID- 3878556
TI  - [Angiodysplasia of the colon].

PMID- 3878557
TI  - A simple quantitative bradykinesia test in MPTP-treated mice.
AB  - A neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), which produces
      pathological changes similar to human idiopathic Parkinson's disease in animals,
      was injected in mice for biochemical and pharmacological studies. The dopamine
      concentration showed a marked decrease (-75%) in the striatum 1-2 weeks after the
      injection of MPTP (30 mg/kg i.p. twice a day for 5 days; a total dose, 300 mg/kg)
      but no changes or only slight decreases in other brain regions. The
      norepinephrine concentration also decreased to half the preadministration level
      in the striatum. These changes closely resembled those observed in the brain of
      parkinsonian patients. An examination for evaluating bradykinesia of MPTP-treated
      mice (pole test) devised by the author revealed that bradykinesia was alleviated
      dose-dependently by injection of L-DOPA. These results suggested that MPTP
      treated mice are a useful experimental model for the study of parkinsonism, and
      that the pole test using these animals is of value in the screening of anti
      parkinsonian agents.

PMID- 3878558
TI  - [Evaluation of regional wall motion and myocardial blood flow by two dimensional
      echocardiography and SPECT].

PMID- 3878559
TI  - [Clinical availability of the cardiac functional imaging by Fourier phase
      analysis using gated blood-pool emission computed tomography].

PMID- 3878560
TI  - [Surgical treatment of hemorrhagic portal hypertension with selective
      portosystemic derivations (10 years' experience at the Salvador Zubiran National
      Institute of Nutrition)].

PMID- 3878561
TI  - [Situs inversus totalis].

PMID- 3878562
TI  - Prevalence of dementia syndromes in persons living in homes for the elderly and
      in nursing homes in southern Sweden.
AB  - The prevalence of dementia syndromes was studied in individuals aged 70 and over
      living in institutions integrated into primary care within a limited area in
      southern Sweden. The populations studied were all persons living in homes for the
      elderly in the city of Lund (n = 471) and all persons living in nursing homes in
      the Lund health service district (n = 384). In the former, 30% were moderately
      demented and 6% severely demented. The corresponding figures for patients in
      nursing homes were 33% and 36%. Among the various psychiatric symptoms which are
      common in dementia, confusion was most prevalent. In the homes for the elderly,
      32% of the subjects were moderately or severely confused, while the corresponding
      figure in the nursing homes was 62%. The consumption of sedatives and hypnotics
      was greater in homes for the elderly than in nursing homes. The presence of
      moderate or severe dementia was associated with greater use of sedatives and
      hypnotics in nursing homes. Prevalence studies of this type might be used to
      study organizational changes in the care of the elderly within a health service
      district.

PMID- 3878563
TI  - [A case from practice (42). Patient M. S., born 14 May 1930, a hospital
      employee].

PMID- 3878564
TI  - Overview of empiric antibiotic therapy for the febrile neutropenic patient.
AB  - The febrile neutropenic patient with cancer requires the prompt administration of
      empirically chosen antibiotic therapy. For many years the choice has usually been
      an aminoglycoside plus either a cephalosporin or an antipseudomonal penicillin;
      the exact combination was dependent on local patterns of infection and especially
      on local patterns of microbial resistance. In the absence of resistance problems,
      one normally would choose the least expensive aminoglycoside and, probably, the
      least expensive antipseudomonal penicillin. A new approach to be considered is
      the use of single agents with very broad spectra such as ceftazidime or imipenem.
      However, such an approach is fraught with danger--that of leaving a resistant
      pathogen "uncovered" and of eliminating the possible benefits of synergistic
      activity against bacteremia due to gram-negative organisms in the profoundly
      neutropenic patient. Combinations of two beta-lactam agents have the advantage of
      not being nephro- or ototoxic, although with a few such combinations antagonism
      has been demonstrated. A final approach is the use of regimens that include
      aztreonam, ceftazidime, or imipenem, which have little or no suppressive effect
      on stool anaerobes. Presumably, with these agents colonization resistance will be
      preserved and the opportunities for secondary infection with a resistant organism
      will be reduced.

PMID- 3878565
TI  - [Osteomalacia and pregnancy].
AB  - On the basis of two recent clinical cases seen in immigrants, the authors review
      osteomalacia and its relationship with childhood rickets. They demonstrate that
      treatment with a combination of calcium and vitamin D readily halts the
      progression of the disease during pregnancy; the major problem therefore consists
      of making the diagnosis.

PMID- 3878566
TI  - The cellular immunology of myasthenia gravis.
AB  - The possible role of the thymus in autosensitization to the acetylcholine
      receptor (AChR) in myasthenia gravis is briefly discussed, and work on
      autoantibody synthesis in vitro is reviewed. Whereas blood lymphocytes sometimes
      make anti-AChR in response to mitogens, spontaneous production is more regularly
      observed in cells from lymph nodes, bone marrow and, above all, thymus, where it
      is selectively activated. Cell separation studies imply a dominant contribution
      by the germinal centre cells and plasma cells there, many of which are autonomous
      (i.e. no longer require T cell help). The need for germinal centre-directed
      immunosuppressive regimes is discussed.

PMID- 3878567
TI  - Serum osteocalcin radioimmunoassay in bone diseases.
AB  - Osteocalcin (or bone Gla protein, BGP) is a non-collagenous vitamin K-dependent
      protein accounting for 1-2% of the total bone proteins. It represents a specific
      index of osteoblastic activity and directly reflects the bone turnover. Serum
      levels of osteocalcin were measured by a radioimmunoassay method. In 40
      postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, mean serum BGP levels were lower than the
      normal range (3.69 +/- 1.35 ng/ml), whereas they significantly increased in 7
      patients with osteomalacia (10.48 +/- 3.05 ng/ml), in 12 patients with secondary
      hyperparathyroidism (11.1 +/- 4.9 ng/ml) and in 41 patients with Paget's disease
      (12.09 +/- 6.5 ng/ml). Four patients with primary hyperparathyroidism showed very
      high BGP levels (64.0 +/- 32.3 ng/ml), which strikingly fell after the surgical
      removal of a parathyroid adenoma. These results confirm that the quantitation of
      serum osteocalcin is a specific and sensitive method in the diagnosis of bone
      disease, represents a useful index of bone turnover and is particularly helpful
      in the follow-up of patients with treated bone disease.

PMID- 3878568
TI  - [Bone involvement in histiocytosis X in adults. 11 cases].
AB  - The authors report 11 cases of bone lesions associated with histiocytosis X in
      adults, with a total of 25 bone sites: 22 were detected on X-rays and 3 were
      detected on scintigraphy when the corresponding X-rays were normal. They stress
      the high incidence of cranio-facial involvement, predominantly in the maxillae,
      with premature localised loosening of the teeth. They recommend X-rays in the
      staging of histiocytosis X and reserve scintigraphy for the cases with normal or
      doubtful X-rays. The bone lesions do not affect the prognosis of histiocytosis X,
      which depends on the associated visceral lesions. It generally has a favourable
      outcome and requires careful treatment: limited to a localised procedure for the
      purposes of histological diagnosis or to control the local underlying visceral
      risk or the functional complications. Bone lesions do not usually participate in
      the decision to treat histiocytosis X by chemotherapy.

PMID- 3878569
TI  - [Antiplatelet antibodies of the IgM class detected by ELISA in the serum of 20
      patients with rheumatoid polyarthritis. Inverse correlation with the presence of
      anti-B lymphocyte antibodies].
AB  - In an earlier study, the authors demonstrated IgM anti-B lymphocyte antibodies in
      the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In an attempt to identify the
      target antigen, we studied the reactivity of these same sera to other cells, by
      means of a recently developed ELISA micro-method. 7 of the 20 sera contained IgM
      anti-platelet antibodies. There is an inverse correlation between the presence of
      anti-platelet antibodies and anti-B lymphocytes antibodies. The detection of anti
      platelet antibodies in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis may
      correspond to the recognition of aggregated immunoglobulins or specific immune
      complexes bound to receptors on the surface of the platelets.

PMID- 3878570
TI  - [2 new familial cases of ankylosing vertebral hyperostosis].

PMID- 3878571
TI  - [Ankylosing vertebral hyperostosis and dextrocardia. Apropos of a case [].

PMID- 3878572
TI  - On the kinetics of complement activation, leucopenia and granulocyte-elastase
      release induced by haemodialysis.
AB  - In order to elucidate the kinetics of haemodialysis-induced activation of
      complement, leucopenia and release of granulocyte-elastase, 10 patients (three
      females and seven males; mean age 47.8 years) were extensively studied during a 4
      h haemodialysis treatment and for the following 24 h, and further compared with a
      healthy control group. Prior to dialysis patients had normal leucocyte count,
      plasma elastase bound to alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (E-alpha 1P1) and total
      haemolytic complement, whereas plasma C3d was higher and plasma C5a lower than in
      controls. Haemodialysis induced initial leucopenia and subsequent rebound
      phenomenon lasting 24 h post treatment. These alterations were due to almost
      selective changes in neutrophile count as monocyte and lymphocyte counts, apart
      from decrease in the first 30 min, were unchanged. Total haemolytic complement
      decreased initially during dialysis and rose at the end. Generation of C5a within
      the dialyser was evident by demonstration of high levels of this anaphylatoxin in
      dialyser effluent plasma; maximal values observed coincided with the nadir of
      leukopenia. Plasma C3d and E-alpha 1P1 both progressively rose during dialysis.
      After termination of extracorporeal circulation the disappearance rates (T/2)
      were approximately 6 h and 2.5 h respectively. Haemodialysis thus induces changes
      in the complement and leucocyte system resembling an acute inflammation, which
      out-lasts the treatment period.

PMID- 3878573
TI  - The Scandinavian Committee on Enzymes (SCE).

PMID- 3878574
TI  - Serum levels of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), tissue polypeptide antigen
      (TPA), CA-50, neopterine and of osteocalcin in patients with prostatic carcinoma.

PMID- 3878575
TI  - Diverticular disease and minor rectal bleeding.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to compare the history of rectal bleeding during the
      year before the study and the presence of faecal occult bleeding in patients with
      advanced diverticular disease of the large bowel and two sex- and age-matched
      reference groups, one consisting of patients with normal large-bowel barium
      enemas and the other of persons without any history of gastrointestinal disease.
      The number of persons with faecal occult bleeding or macroscopic anal bleeding
      during the year before the study was not increased in the group with diverticular
      disease as compared with the other two groups. The bleeding frequency and
      characteristics of the bleeding did not differ among the three groups. It is
      concluded that minor rectal bleeding is rather uncommon in persons with
      uncomplicated diverticular disease. Patients with a history of rectal bleeding in
      whom a barium study has only shown diverticular disease should be further
      investigated as though the diverticula were not present.

PMID- 3878576
TI  - Autoantibodies in chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - In 60 consecutive patients clinically suspected of having chronic pancreatitis
      the serum concentration of the immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM), the IgG- and IgA
      type non-organ-specific autoantibodies against nuclear material (ANA), smooth and
      striated muscle, mitochondria, basal membrane, and reticulin, and the IgG- and
      IgA-type pancreas-specific antibodies against islet cells, acinus cells, and
      ductal cells (DA) were estimated blindly. In 23 of the patients chronic
      pancreatitis was verified, whereas chronic pancreatitis was rejected in 37
      patients (control group). IgG and IgA were found in significantly higher
      concentrations in the patients with chronic pancreatitis than in the control
      group but within the normal range. ANA and DA occurred very frequently in both
      groups but with no statistical difference. Other autoantibodies only occurred
      sporadically. The findings of this study do not support the view of an
      immunological pathogenesis in chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 3878577
TI  - Myelopoiesis and erythropoiesis of bone marrow cells cultured in vitro in
      patients recovered from aplastic anaemia.
AB  - Methylcellulose culture assay was used to detect committed haemopoietic stem
      cells, CFU-C and CFU-E, in aplastic anaemia patients with autologous haemopoietic
      reconstitution. Severe diminution of CFU-C was found in all the patients studied
      and the absence of a dose-response to colony stimulating factor (CSF) was
      demonstrated. A reduced number of CFU-E and lower erythropoietin (Ep) sensitivity
      of those progenitors was detected as well. Autologous serum added to the bone
      marrow cultures of these patients enhanced the growth of CFU-C but inhibited CFU
      E growth. According to the results presented, some residual damage at the stem
      cell level is suggested.

PMID- 3878578
TI  - Association of Gaucher's disease and lymphoid malignancy in 2 children.
AB  - 2 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) of childhood in association with
      Gaucher's Disease (GD) are presented, which are the first to be described. One of
      them is a common non-B non-T cell ALL and the other is at T-cell ALL. The
      association of GD with benign and malignant B-cell proliferation has recently
      been described. It is suggested that chronic stimulation of the immune system by
      the accumulated glucocerebroside may predispose to B cell proliferation.

PMID- 3878579
TI  - Similar effects of treatment with alpha interferon on the protein synthesis of
      human large granular lymphocytes, T cells, and monocytes.
AB  - Preparations of human large granular lymphocytes (LGL), T cells, and monocytes
      (MC) were obtained through centrifugation on Percoll gradients and preparative E
      rosetting. The different preparations contained more than 80% of the appropriate
      cell type, as judged by their ability to lyse 51Cr-labelled K562 cells, cell
      morphology, and the presence of cell surface structures recognized by the OKT3,
      OKT10, Leu 7 and OKM1 monoclonal antibodies. The protein synthesis is
      unstimulated and alpha interferon (IFN-alpha)-treated cells of the different
      types was studied by subjecting 35S-methionine-labelled cell extracts to two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis. The general pattern of protein synthesis in LGL
      and T cells was virtually identical, whereas at least 7 major proteins were
      synthesized at a higher rate in monocytes. The effects of IFN-alpha on the
      protein synthesis of LGL and T cells were identical, IFN-alpha increasing the
      rate of synthesis of 9 proteins. These proteins were also expressed, but not
      always IFN-augmentable, in monocytes. No additional, cell-type associated, IFN
      inducible proteins were found. This suggests that the augmenting effect of IFN
      alpha on the cytotoxic capacity of LGL, T cells, and monocytes may be to affect
      common steps in their lytic machineries.

PMID- 3878580
TI  - Ligands of surface Ig raise cytoplasmic free Ca++ in human B cells.
AB  - With the use of the fluorescent Ca++ indicator Quin-2, we have measured changes
      in intracellular calcium levels in human B cells in response to anti-Ig
      antibodies, to Staphylococcus aureus (Staph) or to protein A. Cells of an Epstein
      Barr virus-transformed mu lambda-carrying B-cell line, AZU-1, increased free
      cytosolic calcium after addition of anti-mu or anti-lambda antibodies; F (ab')2
      fragments with anti-mu specificity were equally effective. Fab fragments of sheep
      anti-Ig antibodies only induced a rise in calcium levels after addition of a
      second anti-sheep Ig antiserum. Cross-linking of non-Ig surface determinants did
      not influence calcium homeostasis. The calcium channel blockers verapamil (100
      microM), nifedipine (20 microM), and LaCl3 (200 microM) inhibited the anti-mu
      induced calcium influx. Peripheral blood B cells reacted in essentially the same
      way in response to anti-mu antibodies. The B cell mitogens protein A and Staph
      also induced a rise in intracellular calcium. These observations indicate that
      Ca++ may play a role as a messenger in the activation of human B cells via
      surface Ig.

PMID- 3878581
TI  - Functional property of Ia-positive T cells in peripheral blood from patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Ia-positive (Ia+) T cells in peripheral blood and their functional property were
      examined in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Binding of specific
      monoclonal antibodies was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence. Functional
      study of Ia+ T cells was carried out in coculture experiments by measuring the
      IgG secreted into the culture supernatant. We found that the percentage of Ia+ T
      cells in peripheral blood from patients with SLE was raised and the rise
      correlated positively with serum gamma globulin and IgG level. The elevation was
      further increased after stimulation with DNA in vitro, indicating the presence of
      DNA-sensitive T cells. Functionally, Ia+ T cells acted as helper cells in
      spontaneous IgG synthesis of SLE B cells, and were enriched in the OKT4 subset.
      These results indicate that SLE T cells are activated in vivo and that the Ia+ T
      cells may play a crucial role in the immunoregulatory function. Accordingly,
      demonstration of Ia antigens on T cells by monoclonal antibody may provide a
      useful tool for the measurement of immunological activity in patients with SLE.

PMID- 3878582
TI  - Lymphocyte stimulation in Reiter's syndrome. A comparative study between patients
      and normal controls with special reference to HLA-B27.
AB  - The lymphocyte-stimulating capacity of bacterial antigens from Yersinia
      enterocolitica and Chlamydia trachomatis was studied in 14 patients with Reiter's
      syndrome and compared with 16 healthy controls. The influence of HLA-B27 was
      evaluated. There was an increased reactivity in patients compared with controls.
      The most pronounced reactivity was seen in HLA-B27-positive patients. These
      findings support the hypothesis that there is an impaired T-cell function in HLA
      B27-associated diseases.

PMID- 3878583
TI  - Langerhans cells in SLE skin. A role in lymphocyte migration and activation in
      situ.
AB  - Langerhans cells in SLE skin and mucosa were studied by using monoclonal anti-T6
      and anti-Ia antibodies and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex staining. Langerhans
      cells were present in cell infiltrates of natural SLE skin lesions. In developing
      early skin lesions induced with test antigen, Langerhans cells were the
      predominant inflammatory cells, suggesting that migration of Langerhans cells
      into the inflammatory site in fact precedes lymphocyte migration. These findings
      agree with the hypothesis of the role of dendritic cells in lymphocyte
      circulation and antigen presentation under physiological and pathological
      conditions. Many of the infiltrating local T lymphocytes in both natural and test
      antigen induced SLE lesions were activated Ia+ cells. This suggests an active
      immune response in both natural and test antigen induced skin lesions in SLE. The
      low immunomodulatory T4/T8 ratio in situ in SLE skin lesions might suggest that
      T8+ cells exert immunosuppressive control on the local inflammation.

PMID- 3878584
TI  - Immunonephelometric quantitation of complement split product (C3d) plasma levels
      in rheumatic disease.
AB  - A simple method is described for routine quantitative determination of C3d by
      laser nephelometry after precipitation of intact C3 by polyethylene glycol.
      Plasmas from 292 patients with different types of rheumatic disease was tested.
      Elevated C3d levels were a far more common finding than low levels of complement
      components C3 or C4, but despite the increased sensitivity, the test only seemed
      diagnostically useful for systemic lupus erythematosus and MCTD. Though a better
      test than the quantitation of C3 and C4, the value of C3d determination in
      rheumatic disease seems to be limited.

PMID- 3878585
TI  - Changes in red cell deformability associated with anaesthesia and cardiopulmonary
      bypass in open-heart surgery.
AB  - Red cell deformability was observed during open-heart surgery in 59 patients.
      Deformability, assessed with a standard microfiltration method, was expressed as
      red cell filtration rate (RFR) in microliter/s. The mean preoperative value, 38.9
      +/- 1.0 microliter/s, showed a generally falling tendency. The first significant
      decrease in mean RFR (by 18%) followed induction of general anaesthesia, and the
      second (by 15%) was seen 60 min after the start of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
      The major decrease in RFR during CPB was found at the end of bypass, when it was
      reduced to 62% of the pre-CPB value. The percentage RFR reduction at the end of
      CPB showed significant correlation with 1) CPB duration (r = 0.49), 2) oxygen
      flow rate index (OFRI), i.e. flow/min in the bubble oxygenator/m2 bsa (r = 0.38),
      and 3) blood flow rate index (BFRI), i.e. average volume of blood pumped through
      the heart-lung machine/min CPB time/m2 bsa (r = 0.51).

PMID- 3878586
TI  - Evaluation of red cell damage during cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - In patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), red cell damage was assessed
      by simultaneous measurement of of plasma-haemoglobin (P-Hb) and red cell
      filtration rate (RFR) (1). RFR was significantly reduced after 120 min as
      compared with 30 min (17.4 +/- 4.1 vs. 30.4 +/- 2.9 microliters/s). P-Hb, by
      contrast, was significantly higher at 60 min than at 30 min after start of CPB
      (195 +/- 27.2 vs. 73.8 +/- 8.1 microliters/s). Significant negative correlation
      was found between RFR and P-Hb (r = 0.68). Red cell deformability thus permitted
      qualitative assessment of red cell trauma during CPB and thereby an estimation of
      the rheologic disturbance caused to these cells by CPB during open-heart surgery.

PMID- 3878587
TI  - Delayed left ventricular free wall rupture complicating coronary artery bypass
      surgery. A case report.
AB  - Rupture of the left ventricular free wall is a not uncommon life-threatening
      complication of acute myocardial infarction and after prosthetic mitral valve
      replacement. To our knowledge, no case of left ventricular rupture after coronary
      artery bypass surgery has been reported. A case is now described in which
      coronary artery bypass grafting was complicated by delayed rupture, which was
      successfully repaired. Different etiologic factors are discussed, but the cause
      considered most likely was trauma from elevation of and traction on the heart in
      exposure of its posterior aspect.

PMID- 3878588
TI  - Effects of long-term exposure to solvents in the paint industry. A cross
      sectional epidemiologic study with clinical and laboratory methods.
AB  - The effects of organic solvents on 50 male workers exposed 5-46 (mean 18) years
      were studied with a cross-sectional design. Referents were matched pairwise
      according to age and education. An analysis of confounders confirmed good
      comparability between the two groups. As indicators of organic brain dysfunction
      regional cerebral blood flow was measured and the power spectrum of the subjects'
      electroencephalograms was analyzed, the former being reduced 4% and the latter
      showing increased power in the delta and beta bands in the exposed group.
      Symptoms of brain dysfunction were significantly more frequent among the exposed
      subjects and showed an exposure-effect relationship. Neuropsychological tests
      revealed definite indication of brain dysfunction in 14% of the exposed subjects
      in comparison to none in the reference group. The exposed subjects performed
      significantly worse than the referents in tests measuring focused attention
      abilities. A neurophysiological examination of the peripheral nervous system
      showed no difference between the groups. Clinical chemistry demonstrated no
      differences that could be explained by solvent exposure.

PMID- 3878589
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of immature T-type (negative E-rosette) acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia detected by LAU-A1 monoclonal antibody].
AB  - Immature T-ALL is a newly defined subgroup of ALL in which the blasts lack the
      receptor for sheep erythrocytes (ER) and the usual T-cell markers, but express
      the 40 kDa pan-T surface antigen recognized by our monoclonal antibody LAU-A1.
      Patients with immature T-ALL represent 10% of all cases of adult ALL. Leukocyte
      counts are lower and spleen, liver and lymph node enlargement is less prominent,
      but mediastinal enlargement is more frequent than in mature (ER-positive) T-ALL.
      7 patients with immature T-ALL (median age 42 years, range 13-73) were treated
      with intensified chemotherapy regimens, and only one 47-year-old female entered a
      short-lived complete remission. The overall survival of our patients was poor
      (median 7.5 months, with only one patient surviving at 15 months) and seemed not
      to be influenced by age. Our study indicates that immature T-ALL can only be
      accurately identified by the use of monoclonal antibodies recognizing the 40 kDa
      pan-T antigen, and that immature T-ALL is a separate disease entity typified by a
      poor prognosis.

PMID- 3878591
TI  - Symposium on rheumatology and worldwide experience with diclofenac. Jamaica,
      November 30 to December 2, 1984.

PMID- 3878590
TI  - [Relation between intraoperative blood flow measurements and graft patency afer
      aortocoronary bypass surgery].
AB  - During aorto-coronary bypass surgery, electromagnetic flow measurements of venous
      grafts were performed in 50 consecutive patients at rest and after stimulation
      with papaverine (2 mg) to assess whether early postoperative patency was
      predictable. The overall patency rate at day 9-11 was 95.4% (145/152 distal
      grafts; 118 proximal grafts). Flow in all bypass grafts averaged 52.5 +/- 31.4
      ml/min and increased after papaverine stimulation by 46.9 +/- 32.2 ml/min (p less
      than 0.01). 5 of 6 grafts with a flow of less than 30 ml/min and without adequate
      flow increase after papaverine (less than 80%) were occluded. Grafts with a flow
      of greater than or equal to 30 ml/min or an increase of greater than or equal to
      80% after papaverine, had a high short-time patency rate (98%). Thus,
      perioperative flow measurements combined with papaverine stimulation predicted
      early patency of single grafts with an accuracy of 95%.

PMID- 3878592
TI  - Current concepts in the rheumatic diseases: etiology and treatment.

PMID- 3878593
TI  - Analgesic effects of prostaglandin synthesis inhibition by diclofenac sodium.

PMID- 3878594
TI  - Therapeutic options in advanced cutaneous T cell lymphomas: a role for interferon
      alfa-2a (Roferon-A).
AB  - Interferon alfa-2a (Roferon-A) was given to 20 patients with advanced cutaneous T
      cell lymphomas, all of whom were heavily pretreated. Objective responses were
      seen in nine of the 20 patients, including seven partial and two complete
      responses. The median response duration was 5.5 months, with three of the
      responses lasting 2 or more years. Toxicity was moderate but was alleviated by
      dose reductions. These results demonstrate that Roferon-A is highly effective in
      the treatment of advanced refractory cutaneous T cell lymphomas. The role of this
      treatment in earlier stages of disease and in combination with other standard
      forms of therapy needs to be evaluated.

PMID- 3878595
TI  - Toward a reformulation of the neonatal mortality rate.

PMID- 3878597
TI  - Field testing along a disease gradient: some geographical dimensions of
      tuberculosis in Puerto Rico.
AB  - The spatial pattern of reported tuberculosis incidence in Puerto Rico is
      characterized by numerous high-low gradients among continguous municipios.
      Tuberculin testing of some 1500 subjects along one such gradient reveals that
      there is no difference in sensitivity and suggests that the gradients are
      artifacts of reporting. Correlative associations with tuberculin conversion were
      generally weak, except for age-dependency. Collected personal histories
      demonstrated that the web of familial and intergenerational relationships is a
      major force in perpetuating the disease. Concealment of infection, denial and
      poor compliance in chemotherapy regimens compound the difficulties of case
      discovery and case-control. Interviews in a sample of twelve health centers
      confirmed that, without the presence of trained and assigned tuberculosis nurses,
      the health care providers' 'index of suspicion' for tuberculosis is generally
      low. Absence of a tuberculosis clinic virtually dictates serious under-reporting
      of incidence in that municipio. Despite the success of Puerto Rico's control
      program over past decades, a reservoir of tuberculosis persists. The level of
      endemicity is relatively low but unsatisfactory in the context of public health
      aspirations.

PMID- 3878596
TI  - Breastfeeding in the United States.

PMID- 3878598
TI  - [Function of the B- and T-systems of immunity and phagocytosis in gastric
      polyposis patients].

PMID- 3878599
TI  - [Clinico-immunological evaluation of the joint syndrome in rheumatic diseases].

PMID- 3878600
TI  - Notification of tuberculosis.

PMID- 3878601
TI  - Clinical and microbiologic studies of genital ulcers in Kenyan women.
AB  - The etiology of genital ulcers in women in tropical regions is poorly understood.
      Eighty-nine women, presenting to a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Nairobi
      (Kenya) with a primary complaint of genital ulcers, were evaluated prospectively
      in a clinical and laboratory study. A final etiologic diagnosis was possible for
      60 (67%) of the women. Culture for Haemophilus ducreyi was positive for 43 women,
      eight had secondary syphilis with ulcerated condyloma latum, three had primary
      syphilis, one had both chancroid and syphilis, two had moniliasis, two had
      herpetic ulceration, and one had a traumatic ulcer. The clinical characteristics
      that best distinguished chancroid from secondary syphilis were ulcer excavation
      and a rough ulcer base. No etiologic diagnosis was established for 29 patients.
      However, the clinical and epidemiologic features of these patients suggested that
      they were similar if not identical to the patients with H. ducreyi culture
      positive chancroid. Further studies are necessary to determine the etiology of
      ulcers in females in whom no pathogen was identified.

PMID- 3878602
TI  - Disease manifestation among homosexual men with acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome: a possible role of nitrites in Kaposi's sarcoma.
AB  - To identify risk factors that determine the major manifestations of the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the authors analyzed data from three
      epidemiologic studies conducted by the Centers for Disease Control. The authors
      compared patients by outcome of disease. Eighty-seven homosexual patients (47
      with Kaposi's sarcoma, 20 with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and 20 with both)
      had participated in the earlier studies, and their interviews and laboratory test
      results were available. Compared with patients who have Pneumocystis carinii
      pneumonia only, patients with Kaposi's sarcoma and those with both diseases
      reported more different sexual partners, more recreational drug use, higher
      incomes and higher rates of non-B hepatitis. Multivariate analysis showed that
      the variable most strongly associated with Kaposi's sarcoma was the use of large
      quantities of nitrite inhalants. A multifactorial model is postulated to explain
      the various disease manifestations of AIDS. This study suggests that the use of
      nitrite inhalants may be a cofactor in the development of Kaposi's sarcoma. By
      identifying other cofactors, investigators may be able to define additional
      opportunities for prevention of the development of AIDS.

PMID- 3878604
TI  - [Effect of impulse-sensory training on various electrophysiological indicators in
      the human body].
AB  - The author reviews the effect of pulse-sensory training (PST) on some
      electrophysiological parameters of human body. Discusses the research data and an
      assumption about the effect of the PST on metabolic processes in the tissues.
      Describes some mechanisms of space and time organization of the biopotentials
      recorded from the biologically active points occurring on the head surface and in
      other parts of the body. Stresses the necessity of taking the ECG from these
      points.

PMID- 3878603
TI  - Immunology of multisystem ocular disease.
AB  - In this review based on Prof. James' 1983 George Nelms Wise Lecture, the authors
      summarize proven and speculated relationships involved in the immunology of
      multisystem ocular disease. Extensive tables elucidate the mechanisms underlying
      such conditions as, systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa, Sjogren's
      syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis, scleritis, sarcoidosis, Behcet's disease,
      idiopathic retinal vasculitis, sympathetic ophthalmia, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada
      syndrome, and dysthyroid eye disease.

PMID- 3878605
TI  - [Immunocorrective therapy of severe forms of hepatitis B].
AB  - Fifty-five patients with viral hepatitis B complicated by liver precoma and coma
      received therapy with glucocorticosteroid hormones (GCS) only and in combination
      with antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (ALG). GCS and ALG therapy proved to be more
      effective and clinical convalescence of the patients was 79% against 69% with the
      application of GCS therapy alone. Immunological shifts in patients with hepatitis
      B complicated by liver precoma and coma were expressed at most and characterized
      by a significant decrease in the content of T-lymphocytes, T-helpers and T
      suppressors. Correlation between a decrease in the HBsAg concentration or its
      disappearance in the blood serum and a decrease in the elevated level of the
      circulating immune complexes was revealed.

PMID- 3878606
TI  - [Approaches of the World Health Organization to the prevention of rheumatism and
      rheumatic heart defects].

PMID- 3878607
TI  - [Ergotherapy: valuable opportunities in family practice].

PMID- 3878608
TI  - Enhancement of factor VIII-von Willebrand factor ristocetin cofactor activity by
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Five monoclonal antibodies to human von Willebrand factor were selected for
      characterization from 18 produced in murine hybridomas. All showed a high and
      specific affinity for human von Willebrand factor (vWf) but exhibited little if
      any cross-reaction with sera from other species. The antibodies defined four
      epitopes on vWf, none of which were involved in platelet binding. Binding of two
      distinct antibodies at one of these epitopes was associated with enhancement of
      the rate of vWf-dependent platelet agglutination in the presence of ristocetin.
      This effect was more noticeable when cryosupernatant plasma was used in place of
      normal plasma as the source of vWf, and was not explicable simply in terms of
      antibody-induced cross-linking of vWf.

PMID- 3878609
TI  - [Use of transcutaneous electroneurostimulation in the pain syndrome of patients
      with temporomandibular joint dysfunction].

PMID- 3878610
TI  - [Function of the T and B immunity systems of periodontitis patients].

PMID- 3878611
TI  - [Dynamics of the immune indices in relation to the site of sampling the blood and
      the time of death].

PMID- 3878612
TI  - Evidence of functional cellular immune impairment in an adult Belgian with
      visceral leishmaniasis acquired in Spain.
AB  - An adult Belgian patient with visceral leishmaniasis acquired while on holiday in
      Spain is described. This patient's cellular immunity was assessed by skin testing
      using six different antigens and was normal just before leaving for Spain. During
      the leishmaniasis, skin tests with the same antigens showed complete anergy.
      Lymphocyte transformation tests to antigens and mitogens were severely impaired
      but normal T cell subsets determined by OKT monoclonal antibodies were found.
      Immune complexes, containing antibodies to Leishmania antigen were isolated
      during the patient's illness. It is most likely that visceral leishmaniasis
      caused the functional cellular immune impairment of the patient.

PMID- 3878613
TI  - Colonic tuberculosis presenting with massive rectal bleeding.
AB  - Colonic tuberculosis manifests in many diverse ways, of which massive rectal
      bleeding is a rare feature requiring surgical treatment by resection. We report
      such a case and review the literature of the last 15 years.

PMID- 3878614
TI  - [Primary hypoimmunoglobulinemia. In vitro study of B and T lymphocyte function].

PMID- 3878615
TI  - [The resistance of urinary tract bacteria in hospital environment over a 4-year
      period. A prospective study with special reference to trimethoprim, sulfonamide
      and a combination of them].

PMID- 3878616
TI  - Ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae.
AB  - Fourteen out of 150 (9.3%) consecutive strains of Haemophilus influenzae isolated
      on culture of sputum in the Bacteriology Department, Belfast City Hospital,
      during 1982/83 were found to be ampicillin-resistant (beta-lactamase-producing).
      Susceptibility testing to other antibiotics of these ampicillin-resistant strains
      showed that cefuroxime, cefotaxime, gentamicin, and amoxycillin with clavulanic
      acid were reliable alternatives. Other useful alternatives included tetracycline,
      trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole. Erythromycin was of limited usefulness.

PMID- 3878617
TI  - Echocardiography. Principles of interpretation.
AB  - Echocardiography offers the clinician an opportunity to image the heart
      noninvasively. Both M-mode and cross-sectional echocardiography can be used to
      measure cardiac dilation and hypertrophy and to quantitate myocardial function.
      Knowledge of normal echocardiographic anatomy is essential for understanding
      changes that occur in disease.

PMID- 3878618
TI  - Echocardiography. Congenital heart disease.
AB  - Echocardiography can be used to identify malformations of the heart and to assess
      the degree of cardiac compensation that occurs with congenital heart disease.
      Integration of clinical and ultrasound data will generally allow a diagnosis to
      be made noninvasively. Contrast echocardiography may delineate intracardiac
      shunting.

PMID- 3878619
TI  - Echocardiography. Acquired heart disease.
AB  - Acquired disease of the cardiac valves, myocardium, and pericardium may be
      recognized through echocardiography. Quantitation of atrial and ventricular
      dimensions is a key aspect in the echocardiographic evaluation of acquired heart
      diseases. Subjective interpretation permits identification of pericardial
      effusion, dilated cardiomyopathy, valvular lesions, cardiac masses, and abnormal
      blood flow.

PMID- 3878620
TI  - A method for the accurate determination of the specificity of monoclonal
      antibodies reactive with porcine immunoglobulins.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies against porcine IgG were produced by fusion and
      characterized. The supernatants of microtiter wells containing fusion hybrids
      were first screened with an ELISA using semi-purified porcine IgG as antigen.
      Hybrids reactive in ELISA were cloned by limiting dilution. Further
      characterization of the specificity of the monoclonal antibodies was done by a
      combination of two methods: SDS-PAGE electroimmunoblotting and convection
      blotting of immunoelectrophoretic patterns (IEP-immunoblotting). Using these
      techniques, we identified monoclonal antibodies specific for porcine Ig gamma
      chains.

PMID- 3878621
TI  - A simple method for the demonstration of factors in bovine colostrum capable of
      causing anaemia in lambs reared free from maedi on bovine colostrum.
AB  - Previous studies demonstrated that the anaemia encountered in lambs reared on
      bovine colostrum and a milk substitute was associated with the presence of immune
      complexes on lamb erythrocytes. In the present study the usefulness of a panel of
      20 sheep sera for the detection of "anti-sheep" factors in bovine colostrum by
      double immunodiffusion in agarose was investigated. Utilising this method, 353
      batches of bovine colostrum have been examined, 132 of which were declared safe
      for use in the rearing of lambs. When fed to lambs, only 2 samples (1.5%) caused
      anaemia as compared with up to 20% before this test was introduced. Experiments
      designed to determine whether the bovine colostra, declared anaemia-prone, would
      indeed cause anaemia when fed to lambs, showed our method to fully discriminate
      between safe and unsafe colostra for the rearing of lambs. In a follow-up
      collaborative study, set up to cover most of the Netherlands, the general
      validity of the test system described was demonstrated, using 114 batches of safe
      colostrum to feed 723 lambs. Further experiments are needed to determine the
      exact nature of the factor(s) involved in this phenomenon.

PMID- 3878622
TI  - [Recurrences of adenomas of the large intestine].
AB  - A retrospective mathematic-statistical evaluation of cases of adenoma of the
      large intestine--asymptomatic (group 1) or bleeding one (group 2)--showed the
      frequency and pattern of recurrence and malignant transformation following
      electrocoagulation to be identical in both groups. Such change in the histologic
      type as transformation of tubular polyps to a villous pattern proved to be an
      important factor of risk for relapse and neoplastic growth of solitary adenoma of
      the large intestine. Villous adenoma showed the highest rate of recurrence and
      malignant transformation. It is considered to be obligatory precancer.

PMID- 3878623
TI  - The nature of the leucocyte 'contamination' in platelet concentrates.
AB  - In a study of 227 platelet concentrates the average number of lymphocytes in each
      unit was 66 X 10(6). There was good viability of the mononuclear cells up to 10
      days and the percentage of T and B cells and the OKT4+ to OKT8+ ratio appeared
      unchanged with storage. At day 8 the mononuclear cells were able to respond to
      phytohaemagglutinin as assessed by the [H3] thymidine uptake at 72 h. The number
      of mononuclear cells in the concentrates varied with the technique of separation.
      This emphasises the need for standardisation of optimum methods of separation for
      platelet concentrates.

PMID- 3878624
TI  - [Efficacy of using sinusoidally modulated currents and ganglerone electrophoresis
      in vibration disease].

PMID- 3878625
TI  - [Methodologic basis for bicycle ergometric pneumothermometry].

PMID- 3878626
TI  - [Effect of sinusoidally modulated currents on the rate of gastric emptying in
      ulcer patients].

PMID- 3878627
TI  - [Informativeness of catheter-free methods of functional diagnosis of the
      pancreas].

PMID- 3878628
TI  - West Virginia State Hemophilia Program.

PMID- 3878629
TI  - [Specific antibodies in women treated for Trichomonas vaginitis].

PMID- 3878630
TI  - [Carpal tunnel syndrome. Causes, symptoms, therapy].
AB  - 358 cases with operated carpal tunnel syndrome are reported. The operation is
      indicated if the clinical symptomatology is obvious and/or the
      electromyographical (EMG) examination is pathological. Using microsurgery and the
      operating laser (267 operations) for the cut ligamentum up to 76,2% of all cases
      were asymptomatic after the operation.

PMID- 3878631
TI  - [Conservative therapy of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (prospective,
      randomized, controlled)].
AB  - In this prospective study for pharmacotherapy of non varicial upper
      gastrointestinal haemorrhage eight therapy groups were examined. The efficacy of
      the most important drugs for ulcus disease was considered. The drugs were used
      alone and in combination. The results indicated no favourable effect of one
      preparation (Cimetidine, Pirenzepine, Ranitidine). Significant benefit for the
      long time healing rate was noted among the combination therapies, especially with
      Sucralfate, which was not used alone.

PMID- 3878632
TI  - [Autoimmune diseases].

PMID- 3878634
TI  - [Histiocytosis X--results of a long-term clinical study].
AB  - Reported is a clinical follow-up study in 15 patients with Histiocytosis X. The
      time of observation varied between 2 and 17 years. In centre of analysis are
      results of lung function tests and radiological findings. The analysis allows the
      following conclusions: Classification of patients in early stage and late stage
      has great prognostic importance. Long-term prednisone therapy in the early stage
      prevents progression of disease in most cases. In spite of consequent therapy in
      single cases recurrences and transition in late stage have been observed.
      Prognosis in patients in late stage is worse than in patients in early stage. In
      these cases the long-term prednisone therapy is not able to prevent progression
      of the disease.

PMID- 3878633
TI  - Enteric ulceration and its complications.

PMID- 3878635
TI  - [Improvement in the specificity of the PABA test (PFT) by combined PABA peptide/D
      xylose administration and serum kinetic measurement?].
AB  - To obtain higher specificity of peptide-PABA-test, an indirect pancreatic
      functions test, 150 mg N-BT-PABA together with 25 g D-Xylose in 300 ml tea were
      administered to a group of 68 persons. Maximal concentration of PABA and D-Xylose
      were investigated serum by time-concentration-curves 0, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min
      after test meal. Serum-PABA was found pathologically low in 18 of 20 patients
      with proofed chronic pancreatitis. In 16 of 17 patients with chronic pancreatitis
      serum-D-Xylose was normal. In a group of 39 patients, in which a pancreatic
      disease was excluded, PABA-serum-test showed no false-pathological results. In 7
      patients with small-bowel diseases and pathological D-Xylose-test, PABA-serum
      test was false-pathologically in 6/7 cases. By serum-PABA-time-concentration
      curves there was a significant discrimination between patients with chronic
      pancreatitis and controls at 60, 90, 120 and 150 min (p less than 0.01), but
      early and late peak concentration of PABA was often found in the two groups. If
      the PABA-concentration was estimated only 120 min after test meal, diminished
      test-specificity was found. Peak-PABA-serum-concentration was significantly
      correlated with lipase output (p less than 0.001) and trypsin output (p = 0.01)
      at secretin-caerulein test, but PABA was only at low enzyme outputs pathological,
      showing a moderate sensitivity of test.

PMID- 3878636
TI  - [Adhesive strength studies of biologic tissue adhesives].
AB  - Different tissue adhesives including an own fibrin adhesive on the base of the
      human plasma fraction Cohn I were investigated in relation to their adhesive
      strength tension. These investigations were carried out on lyophilised skin
      grafts in vitro. The adhesive strengths were equal in case of the Cohn I
      adhesive, the Tissucol-Kit and also with Beriplast. These investigations will
      contribute to optimize an adhesive system.

PMID- 3878637
TI  - [Comparative ultrastructural-morphometric studies of the human myocardium before
      and following heart surgery using myocardial protection].
AB  - Ultrastructural morphometric changes of the myocardium were reported after biopsy
      during the aortic occlusion time and during the reperfusion time throughout
      cardiosurgery in two groups of patients: Group AKB (aorto-coronary bypass): The
      mitochondria are increasing in the number and are decreasing in the size. The
      signs of biogenesis are shown. The condition after reperfusion is good. Group AVR
      (aortic valve replacement): The mitochondria are decreasing in the number and
      increasing in the size. These are signs of swelling and/or fusion. The condition
      after reperfusion is not so good. Therefore patients with AVR are a higher risk
      for cardiosurgery than the patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (AKB).

PMID- 3878638
TI  - [Sorption therapy of psoriasis and indicators of the immune system during
      treatment].

PMID- 3878639
TI  - [Drug addiction in the Canton of Vaud: a look at data from the canton police].

PMID- 3878640
TI  - [Significance of interleukin 1 and related monokines in the pathogenesis of
      chronic polyarthritis].
AB  - Activated monocytes/macrophages secrete monokines, regulatory proteins which are
      capable of initiating and maintaining immune processes as well as having an
      effect on other non immunocompetent cells. In rheumatoid arthritis the monokine
      Interleukin-1 (IL-1) was detected in the synovial fluid. IL-1 activates
      immunocompetent cells in the synovial membrane. It also stimulates rheumatoid
      synovial cells to markedly increase the collagenase-production and release of
      prostaglandin E2 and lysosomal acid hydrolase. The proliferation of fibroblasts
      is enhanced by IL-1. IL-1 has also been shown to be responsible for stimulating
      the production of cartilage-degrading enzymes and to lead to degradation of the
      cartilage matrix. It can enhance the rate of Ca++-release in the bone, but may
      also stimulate the production of collagen and glycosaminoglycans by osteocytes.
      Drug-induced inhibition of secretion, release or function of IL-1 may have an
      immune-modulating, antiinflammatory and antiproliferative effects.

PMID- 3878641
TI  - [Streptococcus antibodies in a rural population and in patients with inflammatory
      rheumatic diseases].
AB  - An account is given of assessed titres of anti-streptolysin O (ASO) and
      antihyaluronidase (AH) in rheumatic fever, in rheumatic patients of inactive
      phase and in tonsillitis. The ASO titre was examined in 1739 members of the
      general public and in 360 patients with chronic rheumatic diseases. The author
      analyses 6235 examinations of ASO titres and 1210 AH examinations. In rheumatic
      fever the mean maximum ASO titre was 397 u, while the mean maximum AH titre was
      3583 u. In inactive phase rheumatic patients the mean ASO titre was 187 u, the
      mean AH titre 630 u. The mean ASO titre at the onset of the disease in
      tonsillitis was 172 u. During the second examination after 3-4 weeks, the mean
      rise of the ASO titre was 205 u. A increased AH titre above 1280 u was recorded
      during the first examination in 35.2%, during the second examination in 52.3%.
      The mean ASO titre in the population group comprising 1739 subjects was 148 u. A
      titre increased above 200 u was recorded in 20.7%. The mean ASO titre in
      rheumatoid arthritis was 139 u, in ankylosing spondylitis 199 u, in systemic
      lupus erythematosus and diffuse scleroderma 128 u. In all groups the ASO and AH
      levels were inversely proportional to the age of the examined subject. Attention
      is drawn to the correct evaluation of the assessed antibody titres.

PMID- 3878643
TI  - [Heart valve replacement with myocardial revascularization].
AB  - Coexisting coronary artery insufficiency includes risks to patients with valvular
      heart disease, thus complicating management. In 15 patients requiring aortic or
      mitral valve replacement preoperative coronary angiography demonstrated severe
      coronary stenoses which were treated by bypass grafts with valve surgery. These
      combined operations turned out to be safe and effective.

PMID- 3878642
TI  - [Hemorrhagic complications following vascular reconstructions in arterial
      occlusive disease of the lower extremity].
AB  - In comparison with the results of international literature the authors present
      their experiences gained from 515 arterial reconstructions for chronic arterial
      vascular occlusion of lower limb with respect to early and late hemorrhage. In
      this connection hemorrhage following infections of angioplasty using artificial
      material is of special significance. Despite of its rare occurrence the aorto
      enteric fistula should also be known.

PMID- 3878644
TI  - 5-Ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine. Cytotoxicity and DNA incorporation demonstrated with
      human leukemic cells and PHA-stimulated lymphocytes in vitro.
AB  - 5-Ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (5EtdUrd) is a biologically active thymidine analogue.
      The cytotoxicity of 5EtdUrd was investigated with seven established human
      leukemia cell lines as well as with human peripheral blood PHA-stimulated
      lymphocytes. All types of leukemia cells were susceptible to the toxicity of
      5EtdUrd as assayed with a [U-14C]-L-leucine incorporation system developed for
      this study. A 50% inhibition of leucine incorporation in 3-day cultures was
      induced by 1.3-3.8 microM 5EtdUrd with leukemic cells, but the concentration
      required to induce similar inhibition with PHA-stimulated lymphocytes was
      approximately was approximately 100-fold. The toxicity of 5EtdUrd seemed to
      require active DNA synthesis, since the inhibition of leucine incorporation
      became obvious only after the first 24 hours of culture. The DNA incorporation
      studies were based on a new isotopically labeled 5EtdUrd derivative, [2
      14C]5EtdUrd, synthesized for this study in our laboratory. It was demonstrated
      for the first time that most of the radioactivity derived from [2-14C]5EtdUrd in
      DNA was in 5-ethyluracil. 5EtdUrd has a powerful antileukemic potency in vitro.
      Its effects against human leukemia in vivo remain to be tested.

PMID- 3878645
TI  - Pharmacology of human coronary arteries.

PMID- 3878646
TI  - Natural and post-surgical history of mitral stenosis and mitral stenosis and
      insufficiency: an observational study.
AB  - Natural and post-surgical history has been investigated in 410 pts with mitral
      stenosis and 209 pts with mixed mitral stenosis and regurgitation. They had
      undergone cardiac catheterization in the years 1968-1980. Hemodynamic data and
      clinical status (NYHA class) have been statistically analyzed in order to obtain
      prognostically useful parameters. In mitral stenosis peak pulmonary artery
      pressure is the most important parameter for natural history, whereas cardiac
      index is the leading parameter in the operated patients. Commissurotomy has a
      very low surgical mortality, largely due to the better conditions of the patients
      undergoing this type of conservative surgery. Results are similar in mixed mitral
      stenosis and regurgitation. Surgery markedly improves survival in comparable
      patients. Therefore, intervention seems to be indicated especially in patients
      with elevated pulmonary artery pressure, because they can get the maximum
      advantage at a minimal risk.

PMID- 3878647
TI  - Atrial flutter with inapparent flutter waves on the surface electrocardiogram.
AB  - A case with inapparent flutter waves on surface electrocardiogram are described.
      Typical atrial flutter activity could be seen on right atrial monophasic action
      potential recordings, His bundle electrograms and echocardiograms. During long
      pauses induced by carotid sinus massage the atrial activity on endocavitary
      tracings and echocardiograms was unchanged while isoelectric lines were recorded
      on the twelve surface electrocardiographic leads.

PMID- 3878648
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic findings in a case of massive cardiac
      involvement by malignant lymphoma.
AB  - In a patient affected by malignant mediastinal lymphoma a severe congestive heart
      failure and the ECG pattern suggested a heart involvement. Two-dimensional
      echocardiography (2DE) documented the presence of abnormalities suggestive of
      infiltration: in particular, enormous thickening of the left ventricle, nearly
      absent wall motion, and "patchy" appearance of the myocardium were seen. Necropsy
      findings confirmed the presence of a massive lymphomatous infiltration of the
      heart. 2DE, by its ability to detect abnormalities consistent with heart
      infiltration, should provide a useful contribution in the staging of lymphomas.

PMID- 3878649
TI  - Cardiology: present and future.

PMID- 3878650
TI  - Abstracts of communications held at the annual meeting of the Belgian Society of
      Cardiology. Brussels, February 22-23, 1985.

PMID- 3878651
TI  - Cellular immunity in alcohol-induced liver disease.

PMID- 3878652
TI  - The influence of isoflurane on blood flow in coronary bypass grafts.
AB  - The effects of isoflurane on graft blood flow, central hemodynamics and ECG were
      evaluated in 20 patients during coronary artery surgery in the period immediately
      after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Intravenous anesthesia with thiopentone,
      diazepam, fentanyl (continuous infusion), droperidol and pancuronium supplemented
      with nitrous oxide was used before, and thiopentone and fentanyl were used during
      CPB. A first measurement of graft flow was performed during fentanyl infusion and
      the patients were randomly allocated to a control (n = 10) and a study (n = 10)
      group. In the study group isoflurane was administered in a dose that reduced
      systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP) to approximately 100 mmHg (13.3 kPa)
      (inspired concentration 0.5-1.5%) and a second measurement was performed after 30
      min. In the control group the infusion of fentanyl was continued. Isoflurane
      reduced graft blood flow from 52 +/- 5 (mean and s.e. mean) to 40 +/- 5 ml . min
      1 (P less than 0.01) concomitant with reductions in SAP, cardiac index, stroke
      index, left ventricular stroke work index and power index, while these parameters
      as well as graft flow remained unchanged in the control group. Isoflurane did not
      produce any change in the degree of ischemia as judged from the ECG. A high blood
      flow in recently established coronary artery bypass grafts is essential for the
      prevention of early graft occlusion; therefore the graft-flow-reducing effect of
      isoflurane has to be taken into consideration when evaluating different
      anesthetic regimens in the period after CPB.

PMID- 3878653
TI  - Occurrence of gingival bleeding in smoker and non-smoker patients.
AB  - The objective of the present investigation was to study the influence of
      cigarette smoking on the occurrence of gingival bleeding. The occurrence of
      bleeding was evaluated by probing at a standardized pressure of 60 g. The
      bleeding occurrence of each patient was indicated by the number of sites bleeding
      on probing as a percentage of the total. Twenty patients with moderate to severe
      periodontitis, 10 smokers and 10 non-smokers, participated in the study. The
      smoker patients had been regular smokers for at least 15 years, their present
      tobacco consumption being 20 cigarettes a day or more. The results showed that,
      although they had a significantly greater plaque index, smokers displayed a
      significantly lower bleeding occurrence than non-smokers, the average being 27%
      and 40%, respectively. The present findings suggest that gingival bleeding as
      measured by probing with a pressure of 60 g is reduced in smokers with
      periodontitis.

PMID- 3878654
TI  - Influence of temperature on the sound-evoked vestibular potential.
AB  - The sound-evoked vestibular potential, measured with gross electrodes after
      fenestration of a lateral semicircular canal in pigeons, is delayed with respect
      to the acoustic stimulus. The influence of temperature of the vestibular system
      on this delay can most easily be explained by assuming chemically mediated
      transmission to take place between vestibular hair cells and their primary
      afferents. The possibility of electrotonic transmission, however, cannot be
      excluded.

PMID- 3878656
TI  - [Topography of audio-vestibular damage in Alport's syndrome].

PMID- 3878655
TI  - The nasal mucosa in immunodeficiency. Surface morphology, mucociliary function
      and bacteriological findings in adult patients with common variable
      immunodeficiency or selective IgA deficiency.
AB  - Twenty-two adult patients suffering from common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)
      and sixteen patients with selective IgA deficiency were examined with regard to
      the mucocilliary function of the nose. The surface structures of the nasal
      mucosa, e.g. cell distribution and degree of destruction and metaplasia, were
      judged from scanning electron microscopy of nasal biopsies. Bacteria were
      isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs. The results of the clinical and morphological
      investigations were analysed with regard to the duration of the disease and
      possible benefit of adequate prophylaxis with immunoglobulin. It was found that
      patients with CVID had a slower mucociliary transport rate and more extensive
      mucosal damages than patients with selective IgA deficiency. Most likely these
      alterations were due to repeated infections as patients who had had few
      infections or adequate immunoglobulin prophylaxis (CVID patients) had better
      mucociliary function and showed less extensive mucosal changes. Potentially
      pathogenic bacteria in the nasopharynx were found in equal numbers in both
      patient groups.

PMID- 3878657
TI  - Inhibition by methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) of drug oxidation reactions
      catalyzed by mouse liver microsomes in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - The activity of coumarin 7-hydroxylase (coumarin 7-hydroxylation) was inhibited
      in B6 mouse liver after a single injection of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone
      (MGBG). The decrease in the activity in vivo was greatest (70%) one day after the
      drug injection and the hydroxylase activity in microsomal fraction prepared from
      livers of MGBG-treated B6 mice was still 25% decreased 5 days after the drug. The
      amount of cytochrome P-450 also was decreased in MGBG-treated livers with the
      same time-dependency as the inhibition of coumarin 7-hydroxylation. MGBG and its
      close derivative 1,1'-[methylethanediylidene)dinitrilo)bis(3-aminoguanidine)
      (MBAG) inhibited the activity in vitro of coumarin 7-hydroxylase, benzo(a)pyrene
      hydroxylase and 7-ethoxy 0-de-ethylase when microsomes were prepared from livers
      of untreated B6 mice. In every case MBAG was a better inhibitor than MGBG in
      vitro. The in vitro inhibition of MGBG of several drug metabolizing enzymes was
      not reversed when microsomes were preincubated with 1 mM putrescine, spermidine
      or spermine. These results suggest that the anti-cancer drug, MGBG, has a severe
      effect(s) on the drug metabolizing system at concentrations reached during the
      treatment of patients with MGBG.

PMID- 3878658
TI  - Effects of amrinone on the contractile behaviour of frog striated muscle fibres.
AB  - The effects of amrinone (0.005-2.1 mM) were studied on isolated single muscle
      fibres of the frog (0.6-4.3 degrees C). In the concentrations used amrinone
      potentiated the isometric twitch, increased the initial rate of force development
      and prolonged the time to peak twitch force and the time from peak force to half
      relaxation. There was a moderate but statistically significant (P less than
      0.001) enhancement of the maximum tetanic force and a marked slowing of the
      relaxation phase of the tetanus. Amrinone depressed the velocity of unloaded
      shortening by 33 +/- 2% (mean +/- SE, n = 6) and reduced the curvature of the
      force-velocity relation leading to an increase of a/Po in Hill's (1938)
      hyperbolic equation. In accordance with the effects of amrinone on the force
      velocity relation, there was a decrease in the rate of redevelopment of force
      after the fibre was released to zero tension during the tetanus plateau. The
      evidence suggests that the drug affects the contractile properties of frog muscle
      fibres by two different mechanisms: (I) amrinone affects the excitation
      contraction coupling causing enhanced calcium release in response to membrane
      excitation and (2) amrinone exerts a direct effect on the kinetics of turnover of
      the myosin cross-bridges. The latter aspect of the drug effect was evaluated in
      terms of A.F. Huxley's (1957) cross-bridge model by means of a computer program.

PMID- 3878659
TI  - The influence of extrasegmental mechanical vibratory stimulation and
      transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on histamine-induced itch.
AB  - The effect of peripheral conditioning stimulation on experimentally induced
      pruritus was studied in 12 healthy volunteers. Itch was induced by intradermal
      injections of histamine on the upper arms. Vibration at 100 Hz and transcutaneous
      electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) at 2 and 100 Hz were applied extrasegmentally
      (dorsal aspect of the lower part of the leg, ipsilateral to the injected arm) for
      a period of 5 min following induction of itch. The effect of a 5 and 30 min
      stimulation period before itch elicitation was also studied as well as the
      influence of placebo stimulation. No significant effects were obtained with 100
      Hz vibration and 100 Hz TENS, and none with placebo stimulation, whereas
      significant itch reduction was seen using 2 Hz TENS. The local skin flare
      response following histamine injections was not altered following conditioning
      stimulation of any type.

PMID- 3878660
TI  - Brain metabolism and human gait--a PET study.

PMID- 3878661
TI  - Identifying children at high somatic risk: possible effects on the parents' views
      of the child's health and parents' relationship to the pediatric health services.
AB  - Country-wide neonatal screening for alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (ATD) was
      discontinued due to clinical observations of negative psychological effects on
      the parents. In a subsequent systematic study, hypotheses of long-term negative
      effects on the parents' views of the child's health and on the parents'
      relationship to the pediatric services were tested by comparing these
      characteristics in parents with a child with ATD versus control parents, studied
      through interviews in the home. The identification of the ATD was found to have
      had negatively influenced the parents' view of the child's general health, but no
      evidence was found of increased parental anxiety regarding the child's current
      health or emotional dependence on medical personnel, of increased (reported)
      usage of pediatric services, or of more negative attitudes toward the pediatric
      services.

PMID- 3878662
TI  - Identifying children at high somatic risk: possible long-term effects on parental
      conceptualizations of the children's personality and behavior.
AB  - The identification of alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (ATD) in neonates was
      hypothesized to have negative long-term consequences on the parents' views of the
      children's personality characteristics. This hypothesis was tested by comparing 5
      7-year-old children's personality and behavioral characteristics, as reported by
      parents of 61 children with ATD versus parents of 61 control children without
      ATD. Data were collected by both interviews in the home and temperament
      questionnaires. No evidence was found of the hypothesized negative effect on
      parental views.

PMID- 3878664
TI  - Transcatheter embolization of angiodysplasia of the rectum. Report of a case.
AB  - A 51-year-old man with repeated and massive rectal bleeding was found to have a
      large angiodysplasia of the rectum. A superselective embolization of the distal
      part of the superior rectal artery with Ivalon controlled the rectal bleeding for
      4 months. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding recurred and a recurrent lesion was re
      embolized with Ivalon with excellent control of bleeding in a follow-up of 8
      months. Embolization is an alternative to surgery for the treatment of rectal
      angiodysplasia and hopefully may result in a long-term cure.

PMID- 3878663
TI  - Clinical course and outcome of schizoaffective disorders. A three-year follow-up
      study.
AB  - Four samples of patients (fulfilling at the index episode, respectively, Research
      Diagnostic Criteria for schizoaffective disorder manic type, schizoaffective
      disorder depressed type, manic disorder and major depressive disorder) were
      followed up for 3 years. At the end of the follow-up period, no significant
      difference with respect to the mean scores on the Disability Assessment Schedule
      (DAS) and on the Strauss-Carpenter Outcome Scale was observed between
      schizomanics and manics (although the global outcome was slightly poorer in the
      former group). In contrast, significant differences between schizodepressives and
      depressives were found both on some DAS subscales (the schizodepressives were
      more socially withdrawn, had less social contacts and poorer work performance)
      and on the Strauss-Carpenter Outcome Scale (the mean total score and the mean
      scores on the items "social contacts" and "employment" were significantly lower
      in schizodepressives). The most frequent pattern of course in patients diagnosed
      cross-sectionally as schizomanic was a bipolar one. Some patients had only
      recurrent schizomanic episodes and others more an alternance of schizomanic and
      schizophrenic episodes. In patients diagnosed cross-sectionally as
      schizodepressives, the most frequent pattern of course was that characterized by
      recurrent schizodepressive episodes. In some patients an alternance of
      schizodepressive and depressive or schizodepressive and schizophrenic episodes
      was observed. These data confirm that patients diagnosed cross-sectionally as
      schizoaffective represent a very heterogeneous group when they are studied
      longitudinally, and support the usefulness of a "multiaxial" approach to the
      classification of schizoaffective disorders, taking into account both cross
      sectional symptomatology and clinical course.

PMID- 3878665
TI  - Variables related to long-term smoking status following cardiac events.
AB  - Abstinence rates for smokers following a myocardial infarction (MI) or coronary
      by-pass surgery (CABG) are far superior to those for persons attending formal
      cessation programs. However, only two studies have used any biochemical
      verification of self-report in this population, and it is unclear what variables
      are associated with successful cessation post-MI or -CABG. The present study used
      alveolar carbon monoxide levels to verify self-report of post-MI and -CABG
      veterans and obtained only a 29% abstinence rate. Most abstinent veterans quit
      immediately after their first cardiac event, and only the belief that smoking
      contributed to their cardiac problems predicted long-term smoking status.

PMID- 3878666
TI  - Immunological aspects of Werner's syndrome: an analysis of 17 patients.
AB  - Several immunological assessments of the Werner syndrome are described, including
      detection of antibodies frequently found in autoimmune diseases and analysis of
      age-related changes of cell subpopulations. By using sensitive techniques such as
      fluorescence-activated cell sorting and solid-phase radioimmunoassay, anti
      lymphocyte antibodies and anti-DNA antibodies were frequently detected in the
      sera from patients with the Werner syndrome. Anti-nuclear antibodies were also
      detected in a conventional manner; however, the titers of these antibodies were
      very low. Examination of cell populations revealed marked decreases in the T cell
      subsets reactive to both antilymphocytic antibodies and anti-brain associated T
      cell antigen antibodies.

PMID- 3878667
TI  - Biodistribution of 64Cu in inflamed rats following administration of two anti
      inflammatory copper complexes.
AB  - 64Cu was administered in two anti-inflammatory formulations to normal rats and to
      rats with 2 forms of local inflammation, namely (a) an acute paw oedema (elicited
      with carrageenan) or (b) a chronic granulomatous response to an implanted
      irritant (Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a polyurethane sponge). The copper
      formulations used were (i) a slow release one consisting of Cu(II) salicylate
      applied dermally with ethanol/DMSO and (ii) short acting hydrophilic complex
      (Cu(I)Cu(II)-penicillamine)5- given subcutaneously. Three types of changes in
      copper biodistribution with these forms of inflammation were discerned based on
      determination of 64Cu and copper content in the following organs: inflammatory
      locus (foot or sponge implant), kidney, liver, spleen, adrenals, brain, blood,
      thymus, heart, and skin (site of application). The most evident changes were in
      the kidneys, liver, spleen, adrenals, thymus and serum from animals with chronic
      granulomatous inflammation. In contrast, a short term acute inflammatory stress
      (carrageenan paw oedema) had little effect. While copper D-penicillamine (applied
      subcutaneously) appeared to move as a bolus through the animals, the results with
      the percutaneous copper salicylate formulation are consistent with it providing a
      slow release source of copper(II). Exogenous 64Cu from both formulations was
      sequestered at inflammatory sites (relative to serum). This may partly explain
      how applied copper complexes can be anti-inflammatory.

PMID- 3878668
TI  - [A case of congenital adrenogenital syndrome].
AB  - A 52-year-old woman was admitted, complaining of an abdominal mass and jaundice.
      The abdominal mass was revealed to be myoma uteri. We explored her hormonal data
      for her virilizing signs. Urinary 17KS and pregnanetriol levels were elevated and
      decreased by cortisol administration. She was diagnosed to have 21-hydroxylase
      deficiency and has been well controlled at our out-patient clinic.

PMID- 3878669
TI  - Evidence of autoantibodies in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis.
AB  - The adjuvant arthritis, induced by subdermal injection of heat-killed
      mycobacteria dispersed in oil, is a form of chronic arthritis in rats. In this
      paper, the production of autoantibodies against immunoglobulins in rats with
      adjuvant arthritis was examined by means of the latex agglutination technique. A
      significant agglutination titre was found in arthritic rats on day 14 of
      induction and these values decreased throughout the studied period. The positive
      results in arthritic animals were 100, 86, 86, 29 and 29% on 14, 21, 28, 35 and
      42 day after the induction, respectively. These results were significantly higher
      than those found in control animals. Correlation between latex titre and adjuvant
      induced systemic swelling was observed. Treatment with benoxaprofen from day 14,
      produced a decrease in the latex titre and the values reached normal levels after
      two weeks of treatment.

PMID- 3878670
TI  - The incidence of stressful life events of elementary school-aged children.
AB  - Certain events, commonly found in the life histories of children, have been
      characterized as potentially stressful (Rutter, 1981). There is some evidence to
      support the hypothesis that these events play a role in the etiology of various
      disorders, although the nature of that relationship is not clear (Dohrenwend &
      Dohrenwend, 1974). Yet that relationship remains the subject of considerable
      interest, as can be seen by the number of studies on the influence of stressful
      life events on children's emotional adjustment and school performance (Boike,
      Gesten, Cowen, Felner, & Francis, 1978; Felner, Ginter, Boike, & Cowen, 1981;
      Felner, Stolberg, & Cowen, 1975; Gesten, Scher, & Cowen, 1981; Felner, Stolberg,
      & Cowen, 1975; Gesten, Scher, & Cowen, 1978; Rolf & Garmezy, 1974; Sandler &
      Block, 1979; Siegel, 1981). Sandler and Ramsey (1980) have suggested that the
      role of life events as stressors can be understood to be a function of, among
      other things, the frequency of occurrence of events. For research and clinical
      assessment purposes, baseline data on the incidence of stressful life events of
      children seem to be necessary. In order to collect and organize baseline data,
      the relevant demographic variables must be identified. It was hypothesized that
      there might be two relevant demographic variables: age and socioeconomic status
      (SES). The purposes of this study were to (a) conduct a survey to gather baseline
      data on the incidence of stressful life events of children, and (b) examine the
      effects of age and SES on the number of events reported.

PMID- 3878671
TI  - Bullous cystic lung disease. Its anaesthetic management using high frequency jet
      ventilation.

PMID- 3878672
TI  - [General ketamine anesthesia and immunity].

PMID- 3878673
TI  - [Characteristics of general anesthesia balanced by electroacupuncture analgesia
      in cesarean section].

PMID- 3878674
TI  - [Transcutaneous electroanalgesia after operations on the limbs].

PMID- 3878675
TI  - [The tobacco habit among children].
AB  - The authors investigate the level of tobacco consumption in 240 school boys and
      girls between the ages of 8 and 14 in an urban and semiurban area of Galicia. 29%
      of the school children in Galicia smoke tobacco and 19.6% are habitual smokers.
      The greatest percentage of smokers are: males 35.6% boys and 23% girls, between
      the ages of 12 and 14, children from working class backgrounds and children with
      lower academic progress. The habit of smoking practised outside the home is
      associated in a high percentage of cases to the consumption of alcohol (65% of
      the smokers drink alcohol habitually). The consumption of tobacco is greater in
      children with parents that smoke. Only 1.25% of the sample smoke marihuana
      habitually.

PMID- 3878676
TI  - [Neonatal cholestatic icterus simulating atresia of the bile ducts in a patient
      with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency].
AB  - A 40 days old infant with cholestasis is described. The liver was enlarged at 3
      cm below the costal margin. No bile ducts were seen at the liver scan (IDA Tc 99)
      neither bile was collected after cholecystokinine IV administration. Fibrosi,
      bile ducts proliferation, and cholestasis without intracellular PAS positive
      material were seen at liver biopsy. Serum alpha-1-antitrypsin level was 42 mg/100
      ml. Follow-up was satisfactory after phenobarbital and cholestiramine treatment.
      Cholestasis decreased and two weeks later bile excretion was obtained after
      cholecystokinine administration. This stress the importance of alpha-1
      antitrypsin determination in cholestasis in infancy.

PMID- 3878677
TI  - Clinical results of pars plana vitrectomy in posterior-segment disorders.
AB  - From June 1981 to August 1983, a total of 142 eyes with posterior-segment
      disorders were treated with a pars plana vitrectomy technique using the Ocutome
      II system. The patients were 45 years old on average, with an average follow-up
      of six months. Simple vitrectomy was performed in 108 eyes, and additional
      retinal reattachment surgery was performed in the remaining 34 eyes. The lens was
      removed in 56 eyes and untouched in 65 eyes; the remaining 21 eyes were either
      aphakic or pseudophakic. All of the cases were divided into six main groups: two
      diabetic groups, two nondiabetic groups, a penetrating trauma group, and an
      endophthalmitis group. The two diabetic groups included 16 eyes with vitreous
      opacity, six of them complicated by retinal detachment. The two nondiabetic
      groups included a total of 91 eyes, with 31 of them complicated by retinal
      detachment. The group with penetrating trauma included 24 eyes, seven of which
      had been injured by intraocular foreign bodies. The endophthalmitis group
      included 11 eyes, of which six were the result of penetrating trauma and five the
      result of cataract operation. In this series, vision was maintained or improved
      in 78.9% of cases and improved in 51.4%. Eyes with vitreous opacities in
      conjunction with retinal detachment were complicated by proliferative
      vitreoretinopathy of moderate or severe degree. The reattachment rate was 50.0%
      in the diabetic group and 51.6% in the nondiabetic group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3878678
TI  - [Action of primary arylamines on the pyronic carbonyl of dimethylisopatulin.
      Pharmacological evaluation of various compounds].

PMID- 3878679
TI  - [Hollow-fiber oxygenators and aortocoronary bypass].

PMID- 3878680
TI  - [Cardiac radioisotopic tomography].
AB  - In addition to positron tomography, which involves the use of radioactive
      elements of physiological or pathological significance, there is another technic
      available, that of gamma emission tomography, which makes use of conventional
      tracer elements, and which therefore has important clinical applications which
      complete plane projection imaging. This method can be used both to investigate
      myocardial blood supply, using thallium 201 and to evaluate cardiac kinetics--of
      both the right and left ventricles--after labeling of the blood flow with
      technetium 99m.

PMID- 3878681
TI  - Variceal bleeding caused by segmental portal hypertension in association with
      situs inversus and malrotation.
AB  - An 18-year-old, previously healthy, woman was admitted to hospital because of
      haematemesis. Endoscopy showed large varices in the fundus of the stomach.
      Further investigations revealed segmental portal hypertension caused by situs
      inversus of the spleen. The case illustrates the importance of considering causes
      other than liver diseases in variceal bleeding.

PMID- 3878682
TI  - Comparison of Ringer's acetate and lactate solutions as a prime for
      cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - Nineteen patients undergoing myocardial revascularization were randomly given
      either Ringer's lactate or acetate solution as the prime of cardiopulmonary
      bypass (CPB), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was determined before, and
      for 10 minutes after, the commencement of CPB. There were no significant
      differences in SVR or perfusion pressure between the acetate or lactate groups
      before or during CPB. Blood gas and acid-base values, haematocrit, serum
      potassium, sodium and ionized calcium concentrations as well as patient
      temperature were similar in the two study groups. Our results are at variance
      with some previous experimental findings, which have suggested that acetate has a
      greater vasodilative effect than lactate.

PMID- 3878683
TI  - Sclerotherapy for bleeding varices.
AB  - The efficacy of paravariceal sclerotherapy for bleeding oesophageal varices was
      evaluated. Alcoholic and post-hepatitis liver cirrhosis were the main causes of
      portal hypertension. A total of 28 patients between June 1982 and December 1983
      were treated by this method using a flexible endoscope. Bleeding was initially
      controlled in 90% of patients. However 30% of patients developed recurrent
      bleeding within 12 months. One year survival of the patients was 70% indicating
      this treatment has no effect on the long term survival of the underlying disease.
      The technique is discussed and its complications analysed.

PMID- 3878684
TI  - Possible role of the T-cell-factor-dependent mast cell subclass in the generation
      of leukotrienes from lung.

PMID- 3878685
TI  - Effect of fibronectin on the haemolytic activity of complement.
AB  - Sheep erythrocytes were coupled with trinitophenyl sulphonate, sensitized with
      anti-TNP (or-DNP) IgM monoclonal antibodies, and exposed to components of the
      classical pathway of complement activation. When human fibronectin (FN) was added
      after C1q, but before addition of C1r and C1s (subunits of the first complement
      component), inhibition of haemolytic activity was observed which was strictly
      dependent upon the dose of FN. When FN was added after addition of C1
      (reconstituted from C1q, C1r and C1s), the haemolytic activity of complement was
      not affected by the presence of FN. These data suggest that FN binds on C1q by
      interfering with C1r and C1s fixation. In addition, FN was unable to displace the
      activated subcomponents (C1r and C1s) from their binding site on C1q. When using
      other systems (sheep erythrocytes sensitized with anti-Forssman IgM monoclonal
      antibodies), the quantity of FN required to inhibit complement haemolytic
      activity was greater than in the TNP system. In normal plasma, there is a 50-fold
      excess of FN compared to free C1q.

PMID- 3878686
TI  - Positron emission tomographic measurement of blood-to-brain and blood-to-tumor
      transport of 82Rb: the effect of dexamethasone and whole-brain radiation therapy.
AB  - Unidirectional blood-to-brain and blood-to-tumor transport rate constants for
      rubidium 82 were determined using dynamic positron emission tomography in
      patients with primary or metastatic brain tumors. Regional influx rate constants
      (K1) and plasma water volume (Vp) were estimated from the time course of blood
      and brain radioactivity following a bolus injection of tracer. Eight patients
      were studied before and 24 to 72 hours after treatment using pharmacological
      doses of dexamethasone, and 6 additional patients with metastatic brain tumors
      were studied before and within 60 to 90 minutes after 200- to 600-rad whole-brain
      radiation therapy. Steroid treatment was associated with a 9 to 48% decrease in
      tumor K1 and a 21% mean decrease in tumor Vp. No consistent changes in K1 or Vp
      were observed in control brain regions. Tumor K1 and Vp did not increase in
      patients undergoing whole-brain radiation therapy, all of whom were taking
      dexamethasone at the time of study. These data suggest that corticosteroids
      decrease the permeability of tumor capillaries to small hydrophilic molecules
      (including those of some chemotherapeutic agents) and that steroid pretreatment
      prevents acute, and potentially dangerous, increases in tumor capillary
      permeability following cranial irradiation.

PMID- 3878687
TI  - Female circumcision in Somalia: anthropological traits.
AB  - In 1981, 2497 subjects (comprising women and girls) were interviewed in Somalia,
      mostly in Mogadish, about female circumcision. In this study there are presented
      the principle cultural trends which are connected with the custom and which have
      arisen from the research. Even today, the practice of female circumcision is
      universal in Somalia; the percentage of circumcised women was 99.3%. Infibulation
      is the commonest type of circumcision used (75.7%). The age of circumcision
      varies from birth to 15; the average being 7.5. The type of circumcision does not
      seem to be influenced by some environmental variables (e.g. birth place of
      parents or place of circumcision), it is primarily determined by the population
      of the individual region. Infibulation is accepted to the greatest extent by the
      pastoral populations of the middle/northern regions, principally in Ogaden and in
      the 4 Somalian regions on which it borders: Togdheer, Nugal, Muddug, Galgadud. In
      the southern regions (Upper, Middle, Lower Giuba) amongst rural populations or
      populations with a cattle/cultivation economy, there are also attenuated types of
      circumcision: sunna and clitoridectomia (20 to 30%). The evolution of the
      practice was studied by data of the subjects, of their mothers and of their
      daughters. From this analysis there was no indication toward non-circumcision.
      There is, however, a movement towards the attenuated forms of circumcision. The
      fundamental key to such an attenuated operation for a child seems to be the
      presence of the same attenuation in previous generations.

PMID- 3878689
TI  - Antibacterial activity of phosphanilic acid, alone and in combination with
      trimethoprim.
AB  - We explored the antibacterial activity of phosphanilic acid (P), an analog of
      sulfanilic acid, alone and in combination with trimethoprim (T; TP, 1:5) with
      sulfamethoxazole (S) and co-trimoxazole, the combination of this sulfonamide with
      trimethoprim (TS, 1:5) as the reference. P resembled S in spectrum but, in
      addition, had significant activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The overall
      frequency and degree of synergism with TP were lower than with co-trimoxazole. P,
      like S, was strongly affected by changes in inoculum size and was not
      bactericidal. P was well absorbed parenterally but not orally in mice. Despite
      low (but prolonged) blood levels, P, given orally to mice, was effective in
      treating infections caused by P. aeruginosa. However, against most experimental
      infections the therapeutic effectiveness of P, as well as that of TP,
      administered either intramuscularly or orally was unimpressive. Based on in vivo
      data, the therapeutic application of P or TP would appear to be limited.

PMID- 3878688
TI  - Antimicrobial therapy of experimental Legionella micdadei pneumonia in guinea
      pigs.
AB  - Several antimicrobial agents were evaluated for activity against experimental
      Legionella micdadei pneumonia in guinea pigs. Erythromycin, rifampin,
      doxycycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim produced significant reductions in
      mortality. Penicillin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin were
      not efficacious even though, at the doses administered, the peak concentrations
      of these agents in serum substantially exceeded their MICs for the test strain.
      It is suggested that the poor performance of the latter group of agents resulted
      from poor penetration into cells in which L. micdadei was multiplying.

PMID- 3878690
TI  - Cephamycin inactivation due to enzymatic hydrolysis by beta-lactamase from
      Bacteroides fragilis.
AB  - The susceptibility of 53 clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis to cephamycins
      was examined. Judging from the MICs for 50% of the strains tested, moxalactam was
      the most active, however, judging from the MICs for 90% of the strains tested,
      cefbuperazone was more effective than moxalactam. A correlation was observed
      between in vitro activity of benzylpenicillin and cephaloridine and beta
      lactamase production. Inactivation due to enzymatic hydrolysis of cephamycins
      over a short time was not observed; however, inactivation was detected by a
      double disk diffusion test, and moxalactam was most easily inactivated. We
      conclude that inactivation due to enzymatic hydrolysis of cephamycins over a long
      time may play an important role in resistance to some cephamycins in strains of
      B. fragilis.

PMID- 3878691
TI  - Antimicrobial chemotherapy of septicemia due to methicillin-resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - The outcome of treatment of 48 episodes of septicemia due to methicillin
      resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in 44 patients was assessed. Twenty-six of
      the patients died; nineteen of them died of infection, and infection was a major
      contributing factor to the deaths of the remaining seven patients. Fourteen of
      fifteen patients treated with inadequate antibiotic therapy died, and the other
      patient developed a mycotic aneurysm of the femoral artery, for which amputation
      was necessary. Eight of eleven patients treated with amikacin (alone or combined
      with another antimicrobial) died, and three recovered slowly; only one recovered
      fully without sequelae. In an additional two patients who failed to respond to
      amikacin, treatment was changed to vancomycin. Vancomycin was used to treat 18
      episodes of MRSA septicemia in 17 patients. In 14 of these episodes the patients
      recovered fully. One patient died of uncontrolled infection, and in three,
      infection was a contributing factor but not the major cause of death. Vancomycin
      was confirmed as antibiotic of choice in treating MRSA septicemia.

PMID- 3878692
TI  - [Synthesis and analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of various beta
      aminomethyl-beta-benzoylpropionic acids].

PMID- 3878693
TI  - An HRP study in the monkey of olivary projections from the mesodiencephalic
      structures with particular reference to pretecto-olivary neurons.
AB  - The cells of origin of the olivary projection from mesodiencephalic structures
      have been demonstrated in the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) with the
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. Particular attention has been paid to the
      pretecto-olivary projection which is entirely ipsilateral and originates from the
      nucleus of the optic tract (NOT), the posterior (or principal) pretectal nucleus
      (PPN), the sublentiform nucleus (SL), and the (pretectal) ventral lateral zone
      (VLZ). Pretecto-olivary cells are small-medium sizes of oval or fusiform types.
      To facilitate comparison among the findings of several experiments, a diagram of
      the macaque olive, as visualized unfolded, was constructed (Fig. 1). Although a
      topographic correlation has not emerged clearly from the present experiments, the
      pattern of the pretecto-olivary projection in the monkey appears to be similar to
      that found in the cat. Participation of some of the pretectal nuclei in the
      optokinetic nystagmus and the vestibulo-ocular reflex is discussed in connection
      with the pretecto-olivary and olivocerebellar projections.

PMID- 3878694
TI  - [Neonatal antinuclear antibodies and the lupus syndrome].
AB  - Neonatal lupus syndrome can be considered as being associated with pregnancy in
      women with lupus. Two antinomic cases are reported: a pregnancy in a woman
      presenting with Sjogren's syndrome, bearing a child with neonatal lupus syndrome
      (atrioventricular block and antinuclear antibodies) and a pregnancy in a woman
      presenting with lupus and giving birth to a normal child with antinuclear
      antibodies. These 2 case reports allow us to speculate on the pathophysiology of
      neonatal lupus syndromes in which the type of antinuclear antibodies seems to
      play a major role.

PMID- 3878695
TI  - Competition of sodium salt of 9-oxo-10-acridineacetic acid with analogs during
      induction of interferon in the mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages.
AB  - Analogs of 9-oxo-10-acridineacetic acid (CMA) including new synthetic compounds,
      were found to be valuable tools for investigating the mechanism of interferon
      (IFN) induction. Experiments were performed on the long-term cultures of mouse
      bone marrow-derived macrophages which are unusually susceptible to IFN induction
      by CMA. CMA in the optimal nontoxic concentration of 600 micrograms/ml may induce
      in the macrophages up to 3.500 units of IFN/ml. The response was found to be dose
      related. The analogs of CMA, compounds 3, 7-16, were found to be inactive as IFN
      inducers. However, the analogs 3, and 8-16 administered together with the
      suboptimal doses of CMA enhanced by 10 to 40-fold the interferon response to CMA.
      On the other hand, the compound 7 was shown to inhibit completely the induction
      of interferon by CMA. L-tryptophan was inactive as either enhancer or inhibitor
      of CMA. The mode of action of CMA is explained in terms of the hormonal concept
      of IFN induction.

PMID- 3878696
TI  - T-enriched spleen cells in delayed-type hypersensitivity to influenza virus in
      mice.
AB  - Restimulation in vitro of T-enriched spleen cells from CBA mice with influenza
      virus A/Bangkok 1/79/H3N2 or its hemagglutinin (HA) leads to enhancement of
      delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to virus and HA in recipients of transfer.
      The enhancement of DTH measured by tail swelling is accompanied by 20-fold
      increase of binding affinity of transferring cells to HA measured by saturation
      analysis. DTH induced by HA in vivo is weaker than induced by virus in this
      system. However, when HA is used in vitro as a restimulating antigen of virus
      primed in vivo lymphocytes it leads to generation of such lymphocytes population
      which after transfer mediates DTH response to virus or HA to the same level as
      virus restimulated cells. The increase of binding affinity of restimulated T
      lymphocytes to HA accompanying the enhancement of DTH activity is considered in
      the relation to quantitative and qualitative changes of antigen binding cell
      populations and their role in antiviral response in this systems.

PMID- 3878697
TI  - The monoclonal antibodies against mouse macrophages.
AB  - Five rat-mouse hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies specific for mouse
      macrophages were obtained. The paper describes the hybridoma preparation and
      serological characterization of the monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 3878698
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in the receptor portion of the vestibular apparatus in
      response to noise].
AB  - The experiments have been performed on 24 guinea pigs (48 labyrinthes), 6 of them
      -control and 18 have been subjected to noise (one octava) with the average
      geometrical in diaposone of 2,000 Hz, at intensity level 100 dB. Six animals are
      subjected to a single effect for 6 h and 12--to repeated effect during 6 days
      running, 4-6 h daily. Isolation of both the vestibular and the cochlear parts of
      the membranous labyrinth is performed simultaneously. This gives a possibility to
      study all the receptors of the internal ear as a whole. Certain ultrastructural
      changes in all the vestibular receptors both at a single and repeated effects are
      revealed. Dilatation of the granular endoplasmic reticulum is observed, situating
      mainly in the basal part of the cell; swelling of mitochondria is accompanied
      with a sharp clearance of their matrix. In some mitochondria there is a local
      destruction of their external and internal membranes. Moreover, in cytoplasm of
      the receptory cells sharply osmiophilic fibrillar structures are revealed, they
      resemble crists and are arranged in bundles. In some cells they are not numerous
      and localize mainly in mitochondria, in others--their number is greater, and they
      localize not only in mitochondria, but in the surrounding cytoplasm, too. Similar
      structures are observed in some preganglionic myelin fibers. These phenomena can
      be considered as development of calcification processes. The changes described,
      evidently, form the basis of the vestibular disorders under the noise effect.

PMID- 3878699
TI  - Immunological monitoring of plasma exchange in primary IgA nephropathy.
AB  - Plasma exchange (PE) has recently been proposed for primary immunoglobulin (Ig)-A
      nephropathy (PIgAGN) with progressive course. To develop suitable guidelines for
      PE in these cases, the authors evaluated the clinical usefulness of some
      immunological parameters in five patients with PIgAGN treated with PE combined
      with immunosuppressive drugs and small doses of corticosteroids. These parameters
      included the levels of IgA-containing immune complexes (IgAIC) by a specific
      conglutinin assay, the function of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) by the
      in vivo clearance of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes, and complement activation as
      determined by C3d measurement. HLA types were also determined. Three patients had
      an acute nephritic syndrome with a rapidly progressive course, one of them
      showing sclerotic histologic changes. The two other cases had a relentless
      progression toward renal failure. In the patient with sclerotic PIgAGN, the MPS
      function was normal and the IgAIC and C3d levels were low throughout the
      treatment. In the other four cases, the high IgAIC and C3d levels and the MPS
      dysfunction found before treatment markedly improved after several PEs. The
      immunological parameters remained normal during the post-PE follow-up in two
      cases with acute nephritic syndrome and rapidly progressive course, but worsened
      again in two cases with a relentless course, particularly in one who possessed
      the B8/DR3 HLA type. Immunological monitoring including IgAIC, C3d, and MPS
      function is proposed, in addition to histological and clinical evaluation, as a
      guideline for PE in PIgAGN with evolving course.

PMID- 3878700
TI  - Establishment and partial characterisation of a human fibrosarcoma cell line MR
      83.
AB  - We describe a mycoplasma-free human fibrosarcoma cell line, MR-83, which grows
      readily in liquid culture and as clones in semi-solid agar with a plating
      efficiency of about 0.5%. It has a stable karyotype consisting of a modal number
      of 49-51 chromosomes, with two translocations and a deletion. The cell line shows
      resistance to adriamycin in semi-solid agar assay, and responds to Epidermal
      Growth Factor (EGF) by increased DNA synthesis, as measured by thymidine uptake.

PMID- 3878701
TI  - Plasma osteocalcin in man.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay for bovine osteocalcin has been developed. Human osteocalcin
      reacted identically with the bovine standard, allowing the use of this assay to
      measure human plasma osteocalcin. Levels were determined in 212 healthy subjects
      (124 men, 88 women) with an age range of 20 to 66 years. The distribution of
      these was skewed to the right, with the mean being 14.7 ng/ml (range 4 to 40) and
      the geometric mean 12.2 ng/ml. There was no alteration with age and no difference
      between males and females. High levels were found in chronic renal failure,
      Paget's disease of bone, and in primary hyperparathyroidism with severe bone
      disease, and there was a significant positive correlation of osteocalcin with
      plasma alkaline phosphatase. Low levels were found in pregnancy. Evidence is
      presented which suggests that the high levels measured probably reflect intact
      osteocalcin and not immunoreactive fragments. Our data are compared with those
      reported by others. Areas of disagreement are noted and discussed.

PMID- 3878702
TI  - Return to theatre--experience at the Mercy Maternity Hospital, Melbourne 1971
      1982.
AB  - This paper summarizes the problems which necessitated return to theatre at the
      Mercy Maternity Hospital, 1971-1982. There were 154 of 29,488 patients (0.5%)
      having obstetrical or gynaecological treatment in theatre who made this journey.
      They all survived, some after heroic resuscitative measures. Haemorrhage
      necessitated the patient's return to theatre following 0.2% of Caesarean sections
      and 0.2% of gynaecological operations. Many obstetric patients who return to
      theatre are potential maternal deaths. The assistance of an experienced colleague
      is essential in their management. When massive or continuing haemorrhage occurs
      at Caesarean section, hysterectomy should be considered, especially if the
      placenta appears to be morbidly adherent, these being the very patients at risk
      of a return to theatre if hysterectomy is not performed. With the increasing
      Caesarean section rate, placenta praevia accreta has become more common, to the
      extent that ultrasonographic localization of the placenta is recommended in all
      patients who have had a previous Caesarean section. Curettage is not indicated in
      the treatment of primary postpartum haemorrhage after Caesarean section;
      moreover, its performance in the management of secondary postpartum haemorrhage
      when the patient was delivered by Caesarean section should be regarded as a
      formidable procedure. When a patient who was delivered vaginally returns to
      theatre because of continuing haemorrhage after curettage performed for secondary
      postpartum haemorrhage hysterectomy is likely to be required. Safe methods of
      suturing the lower uterine segment incision at Caesarean section, and the lateral
      angles of the vaginal vault after abdominal hysterectomy are described.

PMID- 3878703
TI  - International workshop on human T cell clones. Titisee/Schwarzwald, February 27
      March 1, 1985.

PMID- 3878704
TI  - [31P NMR studies in isolated rat kidney].
AB  - The conventional 31P-NMR technique can be used to get valuable information on the
      state of isolated organs from the time course of changes in high-energy
      metabolites. This is demonstrated for the rat kidney measured under various
      ischemic conditions. The used technique is presented. In addition, in studies
      using superconducting NMR systems, changes of ATP beta-resonances were detected.
      Relations of the observed changes in the 31P-NMR spectra to tissue damage are
      discussed.

PMID- 3878705
TI  - Influence of temperature on basal and induced hepatic monooxygenase activity in
      rats of different ages.
AB  - The effect of temperature on the rates of ethylmorphine N-demethylation and
      ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation was studied with liver homogenates prepared from 1-
      to 120-day-old rats. Breaks at temperatures of 21.5-28.0 degrees C were observed
      in the Arrhenius plots of these reactions, differences being dependent mainly on
      age of the animals rather than on reaction type. No breaks could be demonstrated
      for ethylmorphine N-demethylation with liver homogenates of 10- and 120-day-old
      rats and for ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation in newborn and 120-day-old rats. In
      poikilothermic 3-, 10- and homothermic 30-day-old rats ethylmorphine N
      demethylation rate was dependent on incubation temperature (7, 20 and 37 degrees
      C). The relative increase in N-demethylation rate after phenobarbital treatment
      was most marked in 30-day-old rats at an incubation temperature of 37 degrees C.
      In infantile rats the relative induction was highest at 7 degrees C.

PMID- 3878706
TI  - [Histamine receptor-bearing lymphocytes. III. Suppression of immune reactions by
      killing of histamine receptor-bearing lymphocytes with a conjugate of histamine
      and the A chain of mistletoe lectin I].
AB  - Conjugates of the A-chain of the mistletoe lectin I and histamine but not A-chain
      per se inhibit the capacity of spleen cells of the mouse to induce antibody
      response or graft-versus-host reaction by 90%. The conjugates killed 27% of the
      spleen cells, 60% of the T-, and 15% of the B-lymphocytes. The receptors for
      histamine could be shown to be of the H2-type, because only H2-antagonists
      inhibited the toxic influence of the conjugates. The results suggest the
      hypothesis that not only suppressor cells but at least the majority of the
      immunocompetent cells bear receptors for histamine. The A-chain-histamine
      conjugate represents an "affinotoxin" which is cytotoxic only after affinity
      binding on receptors of the target cell.

PMID- 3878707
TI  - The effect on pregnancy of intrauterine administration of antibodies against two
      pregnancy-associated murine proteins: murine pregnancy-specific beta 1
      glycoprotein and murine pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein.
AB  - Intrauterine administration of 100 arbitrary units (AU) of purified monospecific
      rabbit anti murine pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein antibodies resulted in
      the loss of the fetuses in pregnant mice (14 out of 14). By contrast, a similar
      treatment with 100 AU of rabbit anti murine pregnancy-associated alpha 2
      glycoprotein had an effect similar to saline on the outcome of pregnancy.
      Intravenous administration of 1000 AU of rabbit anti murine pregnancy specific
      beta 1-glycoprotein during pregnancy in mice had no effect on the outcome of
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3878708
TI  - Effect of angiotensin II on some behavioral and neurochemical measures of the
      central serotonine system.
AB  - The effects of angiotensin II (AII) given intracerebroventricularly (icv.) on
      behaviors controlled by central serotonine (5-HT) and on some neurochemical
      measures of central 5-HT function have been investigated in rats. AII (0.1 and
      0.5 micrograms) increased the 5-HT (20 micrograms, icv.) and L-tryptophan (200
      mg/kg, ip.) induced hyposensitivity to painful electric stimuli delivered to the
      animals feet. Also AII (0.5 micrograms) intensified yawning, a 5-HT dependent
      behavior. This effect was decreased or abolished, respectively, by mianserin (3
      mg/kg, i.p.) or cyproheptadine (1 mg/kg, i.p.), the 5-HT receptors blockers. AII,
      however, influenced neither the slight hyposensitivity of rats to electric
      current caused by 5-hydroxytryptophane (5-HTP, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg, ip.) nor the
      number of 'Wet-Dog' shakes evoked by 5-HTP (100 mg/kg, i.p.). Also, the peptide
      did change the rate of 5-HTP accumulation in brain measured after pretreatment of
      the animals with L-tryptophan (200 and 500 mg/kg, i.p.) preceded by the
      inhibition of central aromatic amino acid decarboxylase. In vitro AII (10(-5) -
      10(-9) mol/l) did not affect release and only slightly increased uptake of 3H-5
      HT by blood platelets. The data indicate that AII stimulates central 5-HT
      neurotransmission and that this action does not result from the peptide
      interference with the synthesis, release and uptake of 5-HT.

PMID- 3878709
TI  - Effect of interleukin-2 on the expression of cell cycle genes in human T
      lymphocytes.
AB  - We have studied the expression of seven cell cycle-dependent genes in
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in
      macrophage-depleted cultures and in macrophage-depleted cultures plus Interleukin
      2 (IL-2). The expression of all seven genes is increased in PHA stimulated
      peripheral cells. Only two (2F1 and the IL-2 receptor) are increased in PHA
      stimulated macrophage depleted cultures. Addition of IL-2 to these cultures
      increased the RNA levels of four genes (KC-1, c-myc, beta-actin and IL-2R), but
      has no effect on three others (4F1, 2F1, and JE-3). The results indicate that the
      expression of these cell cycle genes is regulated by different components of the
      mitogenic stimulus.

PMID- 3878710
TI  - Binding sites for inositol trisphosphate in the bovine adrenal cortex.
AB  - Binding sites for inositol trisphosphate (IP3) have been identified in bovine
      adrenal cortex, employing [32P]IP3 prepared from human erythrocytes radiolabeled
      with [32P]ATP. IP3 was bound to adrenal microsomes with high affinity (Kd = 5 nM)
      and low capacity (186 fmol/mg protein). During kinetic studies, half-maximal
      binding was reached in less than one min at 4 degrees C, and dissociation was
      even more rapid with t1/2 of about 10 sec. [32P]IP2 showed no binding to the
      microsomal sites, which represent putative receptors at which IP3 acts to elevate
      intracellular calcium concentration during the actions of peptide hormones such
      as angiotensin II.

PMID- 3878711
TI  - Association of specific tyrosine phosphorylation with stages of B-cell
      differentiation in human lymphoid leukemias.
AB  - In vitro protein phosphorylation in various types of human fresh lymphoid
      leukemic cells (C-ALL, B-CLL, HCL and PCL: B-cell lineage and T-ALL, ATL and T
      CLL: T-cell lineage) were studied. In cases of B-CLL and HCL, tyrosine protein
      kinase (TPK) activity was at least 5-fold higher than that in other cases of B-
      and T-cell lineages. B-cell leukemic cells at various differentiation stages had
      different endogenous substrates in tyrosine phosphorylation as well as distinct
      TPK activity. The P-tyr-containing proteins of 68K, 59K and 56K were detected
      commonly in all the cases of B-cell lineage. The phosphorylated protein of 32K
      was present only in cases of PCL. On the other hand, in T-ALL and ATL, the major
      substrate in tyrosine phosphorylation was 58K. These results suggest that the
      characterization of in vitro tyrosine phosphorylation provides a new means not
      only to distinguish T- and B-lymphoid leukemia, but also to differentiate stages
      of lymphoid development.

PMID- 3878712
TI  - Identification and initial characterization of transforming growth factor-like
      mitogen(s) in human anterior pituitary.
AB  - Transforming growth factor (TGFs) are a family of peptide(s) defined by their
      ability to induce anchorage-independent growth of non-neoplastic indicator cells
      in soft agar. We found that acid-ethanol extracts of human anterior pituitary
      tissues were able to stimulate colony growth of normal rat kidney fibroblasts in
      soft agar. When subjected to gel-filtration on a column of Bio-Gel P-60 in 1 M
      acetic acid, the majority of TGF activity eluted in fractions corresponding to an
      apparent mol wt 15,000. The activity was heat- and acid-stable, but was
      inactivated by treatment with trypsin and dithiothreitol. Pituitary TGF-like
      materials did not compete with epidermal growth factor (EGF) for receptor binding
      and did not require EGF for colony-forming activity. Thus, human pituitary TGF
      was not like type alpha or type beta TGF.

PMID- 3878713
TI  - Demonstration of transforming growth factor activity in mammary epithelial
      tissues.
AB  - Transforming growth factor (TGF) activity has been demonstrated in acid-ethanol
      extracts of bovine mammary gland, of Ehrlich Ascites Mammary Carcinoma Cells, and
      of the ascites fluid. The extracts differ in their activity in the soft agar test
      when using either human or rat fibroblasts. The most active extract obtained from
      mammary gland tissue was chromatographed and the TGF activity shown to be
      coeluting with EGF receptor-competing activity. The present data and our previous
      reports show that TGFs and a growth inhibitor for mammary epithelial cells
      coexist in bovine mammary gland as separate growth factors.

PMID- 3878714
TI  - Ro (SS-A) antibody and antigen in a patient with congenital complete heart block.
AB  - Congenital complete heart block is closely associated with the presence of anti
      Ro (SS-A) autoantibodies. Quantitative solid-phase assays for Ro (SS-A)
      autoantigen and autoantibody have established the presence of Ro (SS-A) in
      cardiac tissues and have been used to evaluate an informative pedigree. The
      propositus we describe here had complete congenital heart block and showed anti
      Ro (SS-A) binding of 13-fold less than his normal HLA-identical twin sister. Both
      had identical titers of antinuclear antibody. These data support the hypothesis
      that anti-Ro (SS-A) may be directly involved in the pathogenesis of congenital
      complete heart block.

PMID- 3878715
TI  - Psychogenic rheumatism and fibrositis.

PMID- 3878716
TI  - [Electron microscopy of cilia in a case of deficient ciliary motility syndrome
      associated with Kartagener syndrome].

PMID- 3878717
TI  - Comparison of propofol with methohexitone in the provision of anaesthesia for
      surgery under regional blockade.
AB  - Propofol was compared with methohexitone for provision of light general
      anaesthesia in patients undergoing surgery under spinal analgesia. Intermittent
      bolus administration of both agents proved a feasible way of maintaining
      anaesthesia, a mean infusion rate of 0.13 mg kg-1 min-1 being required for
      propofol and 0.089 mg kg-1 min-1 for methohexitone. Propofol produced smoother
      anaesthesia with significantly fewer excitatory side effects and less pain on
      injection, but cardiovascular and respiratory depression occurred commonly.
      Recovery was rapid with both agents, but minor postoperative sequelae occurred
      more frequently after methohexitone.

PMID- 3878718
TI  - Comparison of infusions of propofol and methohexitone to provide light general
      anaesthesia during surgery with regional blockade.
AB  - General anaesthesia was induced with, and maintained by, an infusion of either
      propofol or methohexitone, in patients undergoing surgery with the aid of
      regional blockade. Both agents provided satisfactory and controllable
      anaesthesia. Complications were few with a similar incidence for the two drugs.
      Recovery from anaesthesia was significantly faster following propofol.

PMID- 3878719
TI  - Incremental propofol for short procedures.
AB  - Propofol was used to induce and maintain anaesthesia in patients undergoing minor
      gynaecological procedures. Quality of anaesthesia, the rate of recovery and the
      influence of different methods of premedication were assessed. Unpremedicated
      patients required a higher induction dose than those premedicated with either
      lorazepam or papaveretum and hyoscine, but maintenance dose requirements were
      comparable. Regardless of premedication, there were similar decreases in mean
      arterial pressure, although respiratory function recovered more rapidly in
      patients premedicated with lorazepam. No significant changes in heart rate were
      noted in any group. The overall incidence of pain on injection was 3.7%
      (lignocaine 0.5 mg added to each 9.5 mg of propofol) and a skin rash occurred in
      6% of patients. All patients recovered rapidly and uneventfully.

PMID- 3878720
TI  - An ultrastructural analysis of the vascular damage in the lethal and sublethal
      Forssman reaction in the guinea-pig.
AB  - The involvement of the complement system and platelets in the sublethal Forssman
      reaction in the guinea pig has been studied together with the ultrastructural
      changes observed in the endothelial cells of the pulmonary vasculature. The main
      ultrastructural change noted was swelling of the endothelium. This did not occur
      in thrombocytopenic animals or in decomplemented animals, indicating the
      importance of both platelets and the complement pathways in this reaction. The
      platelet inhibitors sulphinpyrazone or aspirin had no effect on endothelial
      swelling in the sublethal reaction. In the lethal reaction the degree of
      endothelial cell damage was more severe and included lesions in the cell
      membrane, lifting, necrosis and finally exposure of the basement membrane. This
      damage only occurred in animals with an intact complement cascade.

PMID- 3878721
TI  - Inhibitory effect of PWM-stimulated OKT4+ subsets on erythro-, granulo- and
      megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro.
AB  - Normal human peripheral blood T cells and T-cell subsets defined by monoclonal
      antibodies of the OKT series were pretreated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Their
      effects on the haematopoietic precursors, erythroid (BFU-E, CFU-E), granulocyte
      macrophage (CFU-GM) and megakaryocyte (CFU-M) colony forming cells were evaluated
      by coculture. While unstimulated T cells and T-cell subsets enhanced growth of
      autologous blood BFU-E, PWM-stimulated T and OKT4+ cells suppressed it, also
      inhibiting proliferation of both autologous and allogeneic bone marrow BFU-E, CFU
      E, CFU-GM and CFU-M. PWM-stimulated OKT8+ cells had little effect on the growth
      of any of the precursors at the cell concentration at which growth was completely
      inhibited by PWM-stimulated OKT4+ cells. Irradiation of T or OKT4+ cells with
      3000 rad before PWM stimulation completely abrogated the inhibition. These
      observations might be related to the mechanism of pancytopenia in some cases of
      immune-mediated aplastic anaemia.

PMID- 3878722
TI  - Monoclonal antibody OKT17 recognizes most cases of T-cell malignancy.
AB  - Membrane phenotype analysis with monoclonal antibodies (McAb) has demonstrated
      great heterogeneity within the T-cell malignancies. We describe here the
      reactivity with an anti-T cell McAb, OKT17, in 80 leukaemia samples. Cells from
      all types of T-cell leukaemia (48 cases), except from the small group of pre-T
      ALL, strongly expressed the antigen identified by OKT17 whereas none of the 32
      non-T leukaemias were OKT17 positive. When the reactivity of OKT17 was compared
      with that of other pan-T markers, OKT17 was positive in a larger number of T-cell
      leukaemias: 87% of cases compared with 74% with E-rosettes and 73% with the McAb
      3A1. In the mature or post-thymic proliferations OKT17 was positive in 96% of
      cases, compared with 77% with E-rosettes and 61% with 3A1. The latter reagent, on
      the other hand, was better than OKT17 for detecting leukaemias with a thymic
      phenotype, 100% and 68% of positive cases respectively. The combined use of
      OKT17, 3A1 and terminal transferase permits a more precise classification of all
      the T-cell leukaemias according to the main stages of T-cell differentiation.

PMID- 3878723
TI  - A retrospective review of endophthalmitis due to coagulase-negative
      staphylococci.
AB  - We retrospectively reviewed 28 cases of postoperative endophthalmitis due to
      coagulase-negative staphylococci. There was an average delay between surgery and
      the acute presentation of 7 X 2 days (SD 3 X 3). All patients were treated with
      intraocular antibiotics (IOAB) or therapeutic vitrectomy with IOAB. In six of the
      28 cases the organisms were resistant to gentamicin as measured by the Kirby
      Bauer technique; none was resistant to cephalosporins. Isolates that had been
      stored by lyophilisation were reconstituted and tested by serial dilution; none
      was resistant to gentamicin, though two were borderline. The final visual acuity
      was 6/18 or better in 72% of the eyes.

PMID- 3878724
TI  - pH studies on the chemical mechanism of rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase. 2.
      Physiological substrates and phosphoenol-alpha-ketobutyrate.
AB  - pH profiles have been determined for the reactions catalyzed by pyruvate kinase
      between pyruvate and MgATP and between phosphoenolpyruvate and MgADP. V,
      V/KMgATP, and V/Kpyruvate all decrease below a pK of 8.3 and above one of 9.2.
      The group with pK = 8.3 is probably a lysine that removes the proton from
      pyruvate during enolization, while the pK of 9.2 is that of water coordinated to
      enzyme-bound Mg2+. The fact that this pK shows in all three pH profiles shows
      that pyruvate forms a predominantly second sphere complex and cannot replace
      hydroxide to form the inner sphere complex that results in enolization and
      subsequent phosphorylation. On the basis of the displacement of the pK of the
      acid-base catalytic group in its V/K profile, phosphoenolpyruvate is a sticky
      substrate, reacting to give pyruvate approximately 5 times faster than it
      dissociates. The V/K profile for the slow substrate phosphoenol-alpha
      ketobutyrate shows the pK of 8.3 for the acid-base catalytic group in its correct
      position, but this group must be protonated so that it can donate a proton to the
      intermediate enolate following phosphoryl transfer. The secondary phosphate pK of
      the substrate is seen in this V/K profile as well as in the pKi profile for
      phosphoglycolate (but not in those for glycolate O-sulfate or oxalate), showing a
      preference for the trianion for binding. The chemical mechanism with the natural
      substrates thus appears to involve phosphoryl transfer between MgADP and a Mg2+
      bound enolate with metal coordination of the enolate serving to make it a good
      leaving group.

PMID- 3878725
TI  - Determination of the mechanism of the argininosuccinate synthetase reaction by
      static and dynamic quench experiments.
AB  - The reactions catalyzed by argininosuccinate synthetase have been examined by the
      use of static and dynamic quench techniques. The time course of the forward
      reaction (22 degrees C) at pH 8.0 is characterized by a "burst" of AMP formation
      upon quenching with acid that is equivalent to 0.59 mol of enzyme. The pre-steady
      state rate is followed by a slower steady-state rate of 0.60 s-1. The rate
      constant for the transient phase is 9.7 s-1. The time course for the formation of
      argininosuccinate is linear and shows neither a "lag" nor a burst phase. These
      results have been interpreted to mean that the mechanism for the formation of
      argininosuccinate consists of at least two distinct chemical steps with the
      formation of citrulline adenylate as a reactive intermediate. In the presence of
      aspartate the rate constant for the formation of citrulline adenylate (6.2 s-1)
      from ATP and citrulline is 7 times faster than the rate of formation of
      argininosuccinate from aspartate and citrulline adenylate (0.9 s-1). This
      suggests that the second step is predominantly rate limiting. The rate constant
      for the formation of citrulline adenylate in the absence of enzyme-bound
      aspartate (0.01 s-1) is 600 times slower than when aspartate is present. This
      indicates that the binding of aspartate to the enzyme regulates the formation of
      the intermediate. These results are in complete accord with our previously
      published steady-state kinetic scheme showing sequential addition of substrates.

PMID- 3878726
TI  - Magnetic relaxation of solvent protons by Cu2+- and VO2+-substituted transferrin:
      theoretical analysis and biochemical implications.
AB  - Measurements of the magnetic field dependence of the longitudinal nuclear
      magnetic relaxation rates of solvent protons (NMRD profiles) in solutions of
      paramagnetic proteins have contributed significantly to the elucidation of the
      physical biochemistry of a number of metalloprotein systems. In many cases, NMRD
      profiles were used as indicators of chemical state, both static and dynamic [cf.
      Brewer, C. F., Brown, R. D., III, & Koenig, S. H. (1983) J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn.
      1, 961-997], in part because a proper theoretical description of the data, with
      realistic assumptions for a model system, was computationally intractable. This
      has been particularly true for Cu2+-protein complexes, attributable in part to
      the S = 1/2 ground-state configuration of the Cu2+ ions; significant progress in
      interpreting such data has been made only recently [Bertini, I., Briganti, F.,
      Luchinat, C., Mancini, M., & Spina, G. (1985) J. Magn. Reson. 63, 41-55]. We
      report NMRD profiles for solutions of Cu2+ - and VO2+-substituted human
      transferrin, both S = 1/2 ions, as well as computations that include the effects
      of the anisotropic hyperfine interactions of the paramagnetic ions with their
      respective nuclei. The description of the data that results from these
      computations is quite good, sufficiently so that one can say with confidence that
      the protons that contribute to the relaxation are rather distant (approximately
      3.5 A) from the ions and in rapid exchange (approximately 10(8) s-1) with
      solvent. A possible view, consistent with what is known of the biochemistry of
      these substituted transferrins, is that relaxation occurs in the second
      coordination sphere: the exchanging entity is a water molecule hydrogen bonded to
      a donor atom of the metal ion complex.

PMID- 3878727
TI  - 1H, 113Cd, and 31P NMR of osteocalcin (bovine gamma-carboxyglutamic acid
      containing protein).
AB  - The 1H (500-MHz), 113Cd (44-MHz), and 31P (81-MHz) NMR spectra of the bovine
      gamma-carboxyglutamate- (Gla-) containing protein osteocalcin and its Ca(II) and
      Cd(II) complexes in solution have been obtained. The 1H NMR spectrum of the
      native protein shows narrow resonances and a highly resolved multiplet structure
      suggesting rotational freedom of the side chains. In comparison to the simulated
      1H NMR spectrum of a random polypeptide chain of the same amino acid composition,
      there is moderate chemical shift dispersion, indicating some conformational
      restraints to be present. Ca(II) binding broadens all 1H resonances, so severely
      at four Ca(II) ions per molecule that few structural conclusions can be made.
      Cd(II) substituted for Ca(II) has the same effect, and 113Cd NMR shows the Cd(II)
      to be in intermediate chemical exchange on the chemical shift time scale.
      Estimates of the chemical exchange rates required for 1H and 113Cd line
      broadening suggest a range of Kd values for the metal ion complexes from 10(-6) M
      to as high as 10(-3) M depending on the number of metal ions bound.
      Alternatively, 1H line broadening could be explained by relatively slow
      conformational fluxes in the protein induced by labile metal ion binding to one
      or more sites. Cd(II) when used to form a cadmium-phosphate mineral analogous to
      hydroxylapatite results in a crystal lattice that removes osteocalcin from
      solution just as effectively as hydroxylapatite. 113Cd(II) exchange at the
      binding sites of osteocalcin in solution is slowed dramatically by the addition
      of HPO4(2-). 31P NMR shows the interaction of phosphate with the protein to
      require the metal ion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3878728
TI  - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance study of the third component of complement:
      solution conformation of the carboxyl-terminal segment of C3a fragment.
AB  - A proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study is reported of des-Arg-C3a, which
      is a 76-residue fragment obtained from the N-terminal portion of the alpha chain
      of the third component of human complement. A method of carboxypeptidase
      digestion/difference spectroscopy [Endo, S., & Arata, Y. (1985) Biochemistry 24,
      1561-1568] was used for the spectral assignments for Ala-76, Leu-75, Gly-74, His
      72, His-67, and Ala-48. On the basis of the NMR results obtained for these
      residues, we conclude that in aqueous solution (1) the C-terminal segment Leu-73
      Ala-76 is free from interactions with the rest of the C3a molecule and (2) the
      major part of the C-terminal segment takes an ordered conformation. We also
      suggest that the presence of a core, which is formed by segment Tyr-15-Tyr-59
      [Huber, R., Scholze, H., Paques, E. P., & Deisenhofer, J. (1980) Hoppe-Seyler's
      Z. Physiol. Chem. 361, 1389-1399], is essential for the C-terminal segment in
      maintaining the ordered structure in aqueous solution. 1H NMR spectral data were
      also obtained for the intact C3 from human and porcine sources. The resonances
      for the C2-H protons of His-67 and His-72, which exist in the C3a part of the
      human C3 molecule, were assigned. Comparisons of the results obtained with those
      for des-Arg-C3a demonstrate that upon cleavage of C3a very little change, if any,
      is induced in microenvironments of His-67 and His-72 and a piece of segment that
      contains His-72 is exposed to solvent and highly flexible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3878729
TI  - Durability of amalgam restorations in premolars and molars in Dutch servicemen.

PMID- 3878730
TI  - In vitro synthesis of the trifunctional protein, methylenetetrahydrofolate
      dehydrogenase--methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase--formyltetrahydrofolate
      synthetase, in normal and transformed cells.
AB  - The trifunctional eucaryotic protein, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase
      methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase,
      catalyzes three consecutive steps in the interconversion of folate derivatives
      which are required for thymidine and purine synthesis. The protein was
      synthesized in vitro using a reticulocyte lysate cell-free translation system.
      The immunoprecipitated translation product programmed by normal rat liver and rat
      brain mRNA was identical in size to that programmed by mRNA from transformed
      cells (HeLa, Morris hepatamas 5123D and 3924A). The protein synthesized by normal
      rat liver slices or Reuber H35 hepatoma cells in culture was similar in size to
      the translation product, suggesting that there is no significant
      posttranslational modification in vivo that alters the molecular weight.
      Differences in the level of synthesis were observed among the tissues examined.
      Since no consistent pattern emerged, however, it appears that transformation per
      se does not alter the structure or expression of this polypeptide. Nonetheless, a
      two- to three-fold increase in synthesis by Morris hepatoma 5123D may be an
      important biological observation with respect to studying the regulation of this
      protein that is critical for nucleotide synthesis.

PMID- 3878731
TI  - Porcine-pancreatic alpha amylase hydrolysis of substrates containing 6-deoxy-D
      glucose and 6-deoxy-6-fluoro-D-glucose and the specificity of subsite binding.
AB  - Hydrolysis of 6-deoxyamylose and mono-6-deoxy-6-fluorocyclomaltoheptaose by
      porcine-pancreatic alpha amylase produces low-molecular-weight modified products,
      which have been analyzed by chemical and chromatographic techniques. Results for
      both substrates show that modified D-glucose and two isomers of modified maltoses
      are produced in the enzyme reaction. In addition, the formation of maltoses
      modified in the nonreducing residue is more favored than the formation of
      maltoses modified in the reducing residue. These results indicate that productive
      binding of 6-fluoro- and 6-deoxy-D-glucose residues is permitted at subsites 1
      through 4 of the amylase-active site but that binding of these modified residues
      may be less favorable at subsite 3, the subsite at which catalytic attack occurs.

PMID- 3878732
TI  - The effects of cardiac rehabilitation on compliance in the coronary artery bypass
      surgery patient.

PMID- 3878733
TI  - [Clearance of inulin and creatinine as a measure of glomerular filtration after
      surgery using extracorporeal circulation].

PMID- 3878734
TI  - Flunarizine, the vestibular system and migraine.
AB  - The vestibular function was extensively investigated in 75 patients suffering
      from migraine. Pathological findings were present in 62 patients (82.6%). With
      the exception of position nystagmus, vestibular abnormalities were not related to
      migraine characteristics. Fifty-six patients were treated with flunarizine 10 mg
      daily for three months. A favourable effect on headache was obtained in 44
      patients (78.5%). Flunarizine therapy influenced significantly gaze nystagmus and
      position nystagmus. The latter tended to be related to anti-migraine efficacy.
      Other electronystagmographic parameters were not substantially influenced. The
      authors assume that the vestibular abnormalities in migraine are side phenomena,
      the clinical relevance of which, at least during the headache-free phase, is not
      yet well understood.

PMID- 3878735
TI  - [Monitoring trophoblast-specific-beta-1-globulin (SP1) and alpha 2-glycoprotein
      (SP3) in women with risk pregnancies].

PMID- 3878736
TI  - [Alloimmunization in the treatment of malignant diseases].

PMID- 3878737
TI  - [Morphologic and roentgenologic pulmonary findings in disseminated histiocytosis
      X].

PMID- 3878738
TI  - Transfer of technology for production of rabies vaccine: memorandum from a WHO
      meeting.
AB  - The important challenge of prevention and control of rabies in the world will
      require international efforts to increase the availability and use of high
      quality cell-culture rabies vaccines for use in man and animals. An important
      aspect of activities to ensure such availability is transfer of technologies to
      developing countries for production of these vaccines. This article, which is
      based on the report of a WHO Consultation, outlines the technical options for
      vaccine production. The principles and economic aspects of technology transfer
      are considered, and a WHO assistance programme is outlined. It is concluded that
      technology transfer should be mediated through a framework of national
      institutes, expert panels, WHO collaborating centres, production and control
      laboratories, and other relevant institutions. On this basis, recommendations are
      made concerning the mechanisms of technology transfer for production of cell
      culture rabies vaccines.

PMID- 3878739
TI  - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): memorandum from a WHO meeting.
AB  - An International Conference on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS),
      sponsored by the United States Department of Health and Human Services and the
      World Health Organization, was held in Atlanta on 15-17 April 1985. More than
      3000 participants from 50 countries attended. This conference was followed by a
      meeting organized by WHO on 18-19 April where the participants reviewed the
      information presented at the conference and assessed its international health
      implications, which are described in this Memorandum.

PMID- 3878740
TI  - Early and rapid diagnosis of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis with tear
      specimens.
AB  - Picornavirus particles and serotype-specific neutralizing antibody were
      demonstrated in tears collected during early onset of acute haemorrhagic
      conjunctivitis. Virus particles deposited from tears by airfuge
      ultracentrifugation and stained with potassium phosphotungstate were easily
      recognized by electron microscopy. Tear neutralizing antibody in the
      ultracentrifuged supernatant was detected by the neutralization test in monolayer
      HeLa cells grown in microtitration plates. The presence of virus particles and
      specific neutralizing antibody in tear specimens correlated with the serological
      findings.

PMID- 3878741
TI  - Circulation of influenza viruses and paramyxoviruses in waterfowl originating
      from two different areas of North America.
AB  - Migratory waterfowl and shore birds harbour a wide range of influenza viruses,
      some of which have been implicated in influenza outbreaks in mammals and domestic
      birds. In the present study, a comparison was made of two marshalling areas for
      different migratory flyways of waterfowl in North America over a 6-8-year period.
      Virtually all known influenza subtypes were isolated and the predominant subtype
      changed from year to year. A marked difference between the two locations was that
      the predominant subtypes circulating were never the same, even though in both
      areas, most virus isolations were made from the same duck species (mallard duck).
      Isolations of paramyxovirus were characterized mainly as avian PMV-1.Viruses
      isolated from ducks included those antigenically related to viruses causing
      disease in birds and mammals, although the viruses did not necessarily appear in
      ducks immediately before they appeared in other species. For example, H5N2
      isolates antigenically related to the virus causing severe disease outbreaks in
      chickens in the USA in 1983, were detected in ducks from both areas at different
      times (1976, 1980 and 1982). These studies indicate that ducks in different areas
      represent a continual source of orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses of potential
      disease significance to other species.

PMID- 3878742
TI  - Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children:
      improving water supplies and excreta disposal facilities.
AB  - A theoretical model is proposed that relates the level of ingestion of diarrhoea
      causing pathogens to the frequency of diarrhoea in the community. The
      implications of this model are that, in poor communities with inadequate water
      supply and excreta disposal, reducing the level of enteric pathogen ingestion by
      a given amount will have a greater impact on diarrhoea mortality rates than on
      morbidity rates, a greater impact on the incidence rate of severe diarrhoea than
      on that of mild diarrhoea, and a greater impact on diarrhoea caused by pathogens
      having high infectious doses than on diarrhoea caused by pathogens of a low
      infectious dose. The impact of water supply and sanitation on diarrhoea, related
      infections, nutritional status, and mortality is analysed by reviewing 67 studies
      from 28 countries. The median reductions in diarrhoea morbidity rates are 22%
      from all studies and 27% from a few better-designed studies. All studies of the
      impact on total mortality rates show a median reduction of 21%, while the few
      better-designed studies give a median reduction of 30%. Improvements in water
      quality have less of an impact than improvements in water availability or excreta
      disposal.

PMID- 3878743
TI  - Introduction of the injectable contraceptive NET-EN into family planning clinics
      in Bangladesh.

PMID- 3878744
TI  - Cellular immunity against Salmonella typhi after live oral vaccine.
AB  - Seventeen adult volunteers were vaccinated orally with the live attenuated
      Salmonella typhi mutant strain Ty21a. Their peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      were tested at different times after vaccination for direct cell-mediated
      activity against bacteria, employing a simple short-term in vitro assay. It was
      observed that 16/17 of the vaccinated subjects acquired the capacity to express
      specific cellular immunity against S. typhi which lasted from 15 days to at least
      3 years. The effector cell of the in vitro antibacterial activity was
      preliminarily characterized as a non-adherent T3+, T8-, T4+ lymphocyte. In
      parallel, mice immunized orally with S. typhimurium and proving resistant to
      reinfection were tested employing the same in vitro assay. Also in this case
      peripheral and, most important, intestinal lymphocytes were able to express
      cellular immunity against the agent of murine typhoid. It is concluded that
      administration of live oral vaccine against S. typhi results in the induction of
      specific cellular immunity which is expressed at the peripheral and, probably,
      also at the intestinal level.

PMID- 3878745
TI  - Detection of cellular and humoral immunity to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)
      in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers.
AB  - Cell mediated and humoral immunity to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was
      studied in nine asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, nine patients with natural acquired
      immunity to HB infection and nine HB-susceptible donors. Peripheral T and B
      lymphocytes from all asymptomatic HBsAg carriers and all HB-immune donors studied
      were specifically induced into proliferation and anti-HBs secretion when
      stimulated with low doses of HBsAg (2-30 ng antigen protein/ml) in vitro. This
      activation was achieved by mixing purified B and/or T cells with optimal
      concentrations of autologous monocytic cells. T and B cells from the HB
      susceptible donors were non-responsive under identical culture conditions. These
      data do neither substantiate the existence of a qualitative defect in T cell
      function, nor the absence of circulatory B cells capable of synthesizing anti-HBs
      in vitro in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. Thus, the inability to mount a
      satisfactory antibody response to HBsAg in vivo might be a consequence of altered
      immune responsiveness to this antigen, which may be a relevant factor in the
      pathogenesis of asymptomatic HBsAg carriership.

PMID- 3878746
TI  - Spontaneous antiidiotypic antibodies to the NZB Coombs autoantibody.
AB  - We have further investigated the phenomenon of spontaneous anti-(Coombs)
      antiidiotypic antibodies in the F1 hybrids of New Zealand black (NZB) and CBA
      mice. These mice show an age-related increase in incidence of such antiidiotype
      during the first year of life. There is no difference between males and females
      in the occurrence of antiidiotype. Reciprocal hybrids are both affected, so that
      maternal influence from the NZB strain is not critical. The antiidiotype also
      occurs in spite of the xid gene. We have so far detected such spontaneous
      antiidiotype only in (CBA X NZB)F1 hybrids and not in hybrids of NZB with two
      other strains or in a variety of recombinant inbred strains between NZB and C58.
      Our results to data suggest extensive shared idiotypy among NZB mice and a
      limited number of total idiotypes.

PMID- 3878747
TI  - DNA affinity column chromatography: application in the isolation of distinct
      antibody populations from SLE sera.
AB  - An improved method was developed for purification of anti-DNA antibodies by
      single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) affinity column
      chromatography. The effectiveness of this method was examined by measuring the
      recoveries and purifications of various monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.
      Results showed that this method gave good recoveries and purifications of anti
      DNA antibodies. Furthermore, by this method, it was possible to isolate antibody
      populations with distinct specificities from polyclonal antibodies, as shown by
      enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Therefore, this method should be
      useful for characterization of polyclonal antibodies in the sera of patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as well as of autoimmune lupus mice.

PMID- 3878748
TI  - Pokeweed mitogen and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I induced immunoglobulin A
      synthesis by lymphocytes of IgA deficient blood donors.
AB  - In vitro IgA synthesis induced by pokeweed mitogen (PWM), Staphylococcus aureus
      Cowan I (STA), and combinations of STA and PWM (STA/PWM) was studied in
      lymphocytes of IgA deficient (sIgAd) blood donors. Cultures of T-depleted (non-T)
      cells with autologous or allogeneic control T, irradiated T (T), or T4 cells
      suggested abnormalities in non-T cell fractions in most (12/22) sIgAd donors. T
      cell abnormalities in themselves, detectable in six donors, did not appear to
      account for the failure of IgA synthesis. Repeat studies in 10 donors indicated
      fluctuations in in vitro IgA synthesis in four. IgA synthesis induced by STA/PWM
      combinations was observed in only one of eight sIgAd donors. Our findings suggest
      that in some donors defects leading to failure to produce IgA may not be constant
      and support the hypothesis of a maturation arrest in IgA+ B cells in sIgAd
      donors.

PMID- 3878749
TI  - Immunological abnormalities in thalassaemia major. I. A transfusion-related
      increase in circulating cytoplasmic immunoglobulin-positive cells.
AB  - Multiply transfused patients with beta-thalassaemia major have elevated serum
      immunoglobulin levels and a transfusion-related increase in (T8+) T-suppressor
      cells. We report here that these patients also have a significantly increased (P
      less than 0.001) proportion of B-cells that contain cytoplasmic immunoglobulin
      when visualized immediately upon isolation. On the other hand, the same cell
      populations do not exhibit an increase in the proportion of immunoglobulin
      secreting cells as measured by a reverse haemolytic plaque assay. These results,
      together with those of ongoing studies, suggest that the cells containing the
      cytoplasmic immunoglobulin are likely to be terminally differentiated B-cells
      which persist in the circulation. While the reason for this phenomenon is not yet
      known, we have found that the increase in these cells is transfusion-related.

PMID- 3878750
TI  - T cell activation by antigen-presenting cells from lung tissue digests:
      suppression by endogenous macrophages.
AB  - Parechymal cells (PC) were prepared by digestion of perfused, lavaged rat lung in
      a mixture of collagenase and DNase, and harvested on a discontinuous percoll
      gradient. The process yielded on average 1.0 X 10(8) viable cells/gram tissue. PC
      were pulsed with soluble antigen, and tested for their capacity to trigger
      antigen-specific activation of immune T-cells in vitro, or to replace adherent
      accessory cells necessary for Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced T-cell
      proliferation. Unfractionated PC exhibited only minor antigen-presenting cell
      (APC) activity. However, removal of adherent or FcR-positive cells unmasked
      substantial APC activity. Subsequent experiments indicated that the majority of
      the APC banded at the top of the percoll gradient (density less than 1.048 g/ml).
      The same cell preparations substituted for adherent accessory cells in Con A-
      activation of T cells, suggesting capacity to secrete soluble factors such as
      interleukin-1 (IL-1) as well to present antigen. The PC preparation also
      contained T-cells, which were refractory to Con A stimulation unless endogenous
      adherent cells were first removed. Collectively, these data suggest the presence
      of non-adherent, FcR-negative, low density accessory cells in the lung
      parenchyma, capable of both APC activity and soluble factor production. Their T
      cell-activation functions appear to be down regulated by endogenous adherent, FcR
      positive cells. It is speculated that the accessory cells in these lung
      preparations may be dendritic cells, the activity of which is subject to
      inhibition by macrophages.

PMID- 3878751
TI  - Influence of TPA (12-O-tetradodecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate) on human B lymphocyte
      function.
AB  - The effect of the tumour-promoting agent TPA (12-0-tetra-dodecanoyl-phorbol-13
      acetate) on the proliferation and Ig secretion response of blood and tonsil
      lymphocytes was investigated and compared to that of the T-cell-dependent
      polyclonal activators pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and group A streptococcal cell
      membranes (A-ScM) or the T-cell-independent B cell mitogen Staphylococcus aureus
      Cowan I (SAC) and a T-cell-independent B cell activator Klebsiella pneumoniae
      (Klebs M). In blood mononuclear cells (MNC), a rather weak, monocyte-dependent
      DNA synthetic response was observed after exposure to TPA, in comparison to PWM,
      A-ScM or SAC. Whereas highly purified B cells did not respond to TPA, purified T
      cells proliferated to a similar degree as unseparated MNC; moreover, the addition
      of T to B lymphocytes enhanced proliferation rates proportionally to the number
      of T cells added. This suggests that TPA acts as a polyclonal T cell activator
      (PTA) for human blood and tonsil cells. Similarly, TPA induced only small amounts
      of Ig secretion in blood and in tonsil MNC, as determined by an ELISA assay, and
      no significant Ig secretion in highly purified B cells. The rather weak B cell
      differentiation response was not due to a monocyte suppressor effect, since
      partially monocyte-depleted MNC or B cells responded similarly to the non
      depleted cells. Thus, TPA cannot be considered as an alternative to other B cells
      stimulators, both with regard to DNA synthesis and Ig secretion.

PMID- 3878752
TI  - Functional consequences of perceived interleukin deficiencies? Analysis employing
      NZB x C58 recombinant inbred mice.
AB  - NZB mice have previously been shown to be deficient in the production of
      interleukins 1 and 2 (IL-1, IL-2) during the development of autoimmune disease.
      One or both of these defects have been inherited in certain of the NZB X C58
      recombinant inbred strains (N X 8 RI). Certain of these strains have been
      selected to examine further the effect of decreased production of IL-1 and/or IL
      2. The interleukin deficiencies found in vitro were not due to the presence of an
      inhibitor/suppressor nor was any activity found intracellularly upon water lysis
      of stimulated cells. Despite profound IL-1 and/or IL-2 deficiencies measured in
      vitro, all of the N X 8 RI lines examined were found to be capable of producing
      IL-1 in vivo as shown by their serum amyloid A response to endotoxin injection.
      We conclude from these studies that defects in IL-1 production measured in vitro
      do not reflect inability to produce this lymphokine in vivo. Young, IL-1
      deficient NZB mice generated CTL to TNP-self but old, IL-2 deficient NZB mice did
      not. Since all other strains were found to generate cytotoxic T cells to TNP-self
      regardless of interleukin defects, we also conclude that the cytotoxic T cell
      defect in NZB mice is due to some presently unknown factor in addition to IL-2
      deficiency. The relationship of decreased production of interleukins to the
      development of autoimmunity remains undefined.

PMID- 3878754
TI  - The rheumatoid synovial membrane participates in systemic anti-viral immune
      responses.
AB  - Sixteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis were systemically immunized with
      influenza virus vaccine and in vitro anti-influenza antibody responses by blood
      lymphocytes and lymphocytes isolated from synovectomy specimens were measured
      after in vitro challenge with this influenza antigen. Synovial lymphocytes from
      eight of these patients produced anti-viral antibody, thereby indicating that
      infiltrating lymphocytes participate in a systemic anti-viral immune response.

PMID- 3878753
TI  - Functional and quantitative changes of immune cells of ageing NZB mice treated
      with nandrolone decanoate. I. Effect on survival and autoantibody development.
AB  - We analysed the effect of nandrolone decanoate (ND) on functional and
      quantitative changes in immune cell populations, on survival, and on autoantibody
      production of female New Zealand Black (NZB) mice. Our results confirmed that,
      with increasing age, untreated NZB mice display a lower natural killer (NK) cell
      activity, an impaired T-cell function as evidenced by a reduced mitogen
      lymphoproliferative response, IL-2 production and generation of cytotoxic
      lymphocytes, a lower level of thymic serum factor (TSF), a reduced percentage of
      Thy-1+ cells; we also observed an increased incidence of mice with abnormally
      high levels of anti-DNA in the serum. In addition, we demonstrated an important
      defect in the IL-1 production by LPS-stimulated macrophages. ND administered to
      female NZB mice increased the survival time of the animals and reduced the anti
      DNA titres. This favourable effect was associated with improved immune responses,
      especially those mediated by T cells; these included increased IL-2 production,
      complete recovery of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), a significant augmentation of
      the percentage of Lyt-2+ cells and enhanced TSF level. Moreover IL-1 production
      by macrophages returned to normal. These results suggest that ND acts on T-cell
      differentiation, either by a direct effect on thymic epithelial cells resulting
      in an increased TSF release, and/or via macrophage regulatory activity. The
      protective effect of ND may also be attributed in part to the higher number of
      Lyt-2+ (suppressor) T cells present in the spleen after treatment.

PMID- 3878755
TI  - A reinvestigation of the cross-reactivity between Klebsiella and HLA-B27 in the
      aetiology of ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - The existence of cross-reactivity between Klebsiella antigens and cells from
      donors who are HLA-B27 positive and exhibit ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has been
      reinvestigated. Cells and antisera from different laboratories have been tested
      together using simultaneously microcytoxicity, chromium release and enzyme linked
      immunosorbent assays (ELISA). No reproducible interaction has been found.
      Mitogenic stimulation did not induce cross-reactivity and 'transformation' of
      B27+AS- cells by Klebsiella culture supernatants failed. Two transformed cell
      lines from B27+ AS+ donors exhibited specific cross reaction with two anti
      Klebsiella antisera but only by chromium release. Immunoprecipitation with these
      cells and antisera showed the absence of any AS+ -specific antigen. It is
      concluded that the involvement of Klebsiella in ankylosing spondylitis through
      simple immunological cross-reactivity or through interaction with HLA-B27 is
      unlikely.

PMID- 3878756
TI  - The modification of HLA-B27-positive lymphocytes by the culture filtrate of
      Klebsiella K43 BTS 1 is a metabolically active process.
AB  - The culture filtrate of some bacteria contains a modifying factor which
      specifically interacts with the cells of HLA-B27-positive normal individuals (BS+
      AS-); this modification results in a serologically detectable change similar to
      that seen on the cells of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (B27+ AS+).
      Puromycin, 5-azacytidine, actinomycin D, cyclosporin A, dexamethasone,
      indomethacin, colchicine, quinacrine, chlorpromazine but not tunicamycin can
      effectively inhibit the in vitro modification of HLA-B27-positive lymphocytes
      from normal individuals. These studies suggest that a number of different
      metabolic pathways may be involved in the modification of B27+ AS- lymphocytes by
      certain enteric antigens.

PMID- 3878758
TI  - In-vitro analysis of defective IgA production in selective IgA deficiency in
      childhood.
AB  - IgA production from B cells can be driven by three signals (anti-Ig antibody, B
      cell growth factor and helper T cell factor). It was thought that this three
      signal system might be a way other than the mitogen-stimulated system, to access
      B cell differentiation into Ig-producing cells. Seven children with IgA
      deficiency were investigated by this method. In all cases B cell differentiation
      was defective when using this three signal system. In one case, IgA producing
      cells were generated in normal number from B cells when stimulated with pokeweed
      mitogen in the presence of normal T cells. Definite abnormality of regulatory T
      cells in the IgA production was observed in only one case. These observations
      suggested that the main cause of IgA deficiency in most cases is the defect of B
      cells to differentiate into IgA secreting cells.

PMID- 3878757
TI  - Genetic deficiency of C4, C2 or C1q and lupus syndromes. Association with anti-Ro
      (SS-A) antibodies.
AB  - Sera from 15 patients with genetically determined complement component
      deficiencies were studied for the presence of antibodies to various nuclear
      antigens. One of three patients with C2 deficiency presented with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE); all eight patients with C4 deficiency had either SLE or a
      lupus-like syndrome, and two of four patients with functional C1q deficiency had
      SLE. Five of nine complement deficiency patients with SLE studied had measurable
      antinuclear antibody titres, but only two had antibodies against native DNA.
      Precipitating antibodies against extractable nuclear antigens were found in sera
      from seven of the 11 complement deficient patients with SLE; one had only
      antibodies against antigens extracted from calf thymus (ECT), six patients (one
      with C2 deficiency, four with C4 deficiency and one with C1q deficiency) had anti
      Ro (SS-A) antibodies with or without anti-ECT antibodies. The frequency of anti
      Ro antibodies in the complement deficient population with SLE (55%) was
      significantly higher (P less than 0.02) than that of a control population of SLE
      patients without genetically determined complement deficiencies (27%).

PMID- 3878759
TI  - The anticholinesterase activity of mefloquine.
AB  - The characteristics of the inhibition of electric eel acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
      and horse serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) by the antimalarial agents
      mefloquine, chloroquine, amodiaquine and amopyroquine were determined. The
      antimalarials were found to be non-competitive inhibitors of both AChE and BChE.
      In both enzyme systems, inhibitory potencies were in the order amodiaquine
      greater than amopyroquine greater than chloroquine greater than mefloquine. The
      low inhibitory potency of mefloquine may account in part for the appearance of
      gastrointestinal and central nervous system disturbances only at high doses of
      the drug.

PMID- 3878760
TI  - Clinical inconsistency, benign course and normal employment rates in unselected
      systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Of 65 unselected SLE patients from a defined population, 61 were sequentially
      followed for two years with an SLE supervision programme. The cumulative clinical
      manifestations included a relatively high frequency of pulmonary vascular disease
      and gastrointestinal involvement. Flares were more common during the summer
      season and a change in the clinical manifestations occurred in 10 of 16 patients
      with major flares and in 4 of 13 patients with minor flares. ESR, S-orosomucoid,
      S-CRP, and C1r-C1s-C1 IA complexes, indicating C1 activation, were shown to
      distinguish inactive from active disease. The prevailing overall benignancy was
      reflected in a low mortality rate, limited need for treatment or hospitalisation,
      and good response to moderate dosages of corticosteroids in severe flares. The
      proportion of patients in gainful employment was comparable to that in the normal
      population, though absence due to sickness was more common in the SLE group.
      Joint complaints and mild psychiatric disturbance were the most common causes of
      enduring incapacity.

PMID- 3878761
TI  - Antinuclear antibodies in Greek juvenile arthritis patients.

PMID- 3878762
TI  - A new and rapid quantitative assay for complement activation: an ELISA for C3d.
AB  - Complement activation occurs in many pathological conditions. Assays to evaluate
      the presence and extent of this activation may be limited by being qualitative,
      time-consuming, or radioactive. We have recently devised an enzyme-linked
      immunoassay that quantitatively measures the presence of the complement
      activation product C3d in plasma. The assay is rapid: Results can be available
      within 8 hours of submission. Intra-assay variation was low (4.9%) as was
      interassay variability (8.7%). This assay was then used to demonstrate that
      patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have increased levels of
      circulating C3d as compared to those of normals (p less than 0.001). This assay
      may be useful to demonstrate continuing complement activation and inflammation in
      patients, even those without clinical symptoms.

PMID- 3878763
TI  - [Immunologic evaluation in aged cancer patients].

PMID- 3878764
TI  - Early- and late-phase activation of complement evaluated by plasma levels of
      C3d,g and the terminal complement complex.
AB  - Activation of the initial part (early phase) and terminal part (late phase) of
      the complement cascade was examined. C3d,g and the fluid-phase terminal
      complement complex were quantified and compared after spontaneous in vitro
      activation and after acute in vivo activation caused by extracorporeal
      circulation during coronary artery surgery. The results suggest that there is a
      close but not complete correlation between early- and late-phase activation of
      complement, that C3d,g and the terminal complement complex have different
      elimination rates in vivo, and that these two indicators are valuable for
      evaluation of early- and late-phase activation, respectively.

PMID- 3878765
TI  - Increased plasma levels of the terminal complement complex in patients with
      evidence of complement activation.
AB  - The terminal C5b-9 complex of human complement has recently been described and
      quantified in normal human plasma by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA). We collected EDTA plasma samples from 20 patients clinically suspected
      to have complement activation. The terminal complement complex (TCC) and C3d
      split products were measured. The TCC was increased in 8 patients, and 6 of these
      also had increased C3d values, whereas 4 patients had increased C3d and normal
      TCC values. Two different double-antibody assays were used to detect terminal
      pathway activation: the combination of anti-C6 and anti-C9 detecting only the
      whole complex, and the combination of anti-C6 and anti-C5 detecting intermediate
      complexes as well. There was a close correlation between the observations in
      these two assays, suggesting that in general the whole cascade including C9 is
      involved when the terminal pathway of complement is activated in vivo.
      Quantification of TCC in plasma is an important supplement to already established
      methods for the evaluation of complement activation in vivo.

PMID- 3878766
TI  - Sequential analysis of antibody responses in serum, aqueous humor and tear film
      during latent and induced recurrent HSV infections.
AB  - To study HSV specific antibody responses during latent HSV infection and induced
      HSV ocular shedding, rabbits were infected binocularly with McKrae strain HSV-1.
      The titer and class of anti-HSV antibody response in serum, aqueous humor and eye
      washes were determined sequentially during latent HSV infection and following
      intentional reactivation. In all instances the only antibody class detected was
      IgG. The highest anti-HSV titers were in the serum and aqueous humor, whereas a
      significantly lower level of anti-HSV IgG was found in eye washes. Anti-HSV IgG
      antibody titers were consistently 100-fold higher in serum than in the aqueous
      humor, which suggests an absence of local ocular antibody synthesis. Neither anti
      HSV IgM nor secretory IgA antibodies were detected in any samples.

PMID- 3878767
TI  - Corticotropin-releasing factor and intraocular pressure.
AB  - The effect of centrally administered corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on
      intraocular pressure (IOP) was investigated using the technique of
      ventriculocisternal perfusion. Various amounts of ovine CRF (0.01, 0.033, 0.1 and
      0.33 micrograms/min) were perfused in conscious, male New Zealand albino rabbits
      for 1 hour. At a dose level of 0.1 or 0.33 micrograms/min, CRF caused an acute
      IOP decrease of 2.5 mmHg, which lasted for 30 min. Perfusions with CRF at 0.033
      micrograms/min or higher caused delayed ocular hypotension, which began 20 hours
      after the perfusion and lasted for 2 days. Bolus intravenous injection of 3.3
      micrograms CRF did not cause any IOP changes. These findings demonstrate that CRF
      can cause a centrally mediated IOP response. Superior cervical ganglionectomy
      eliminated the acute, not the delayed, CRF effect on IOP, indicating the
      involvement of ocular sympathetic nerves in the acute IOP effect.

PMID- 3878768
TI  - Evidence for direct binding of the first component of complement, C1, to outer
      membrane proteins from Salmonella minnesota.

PMID- 3878769
TI  - Response of lymphocyte subpopulations to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A and
      pokeweed mitogen in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
AB  - The mitogenesis of lymphocyte subpopulations in response to phytohemagglutinin
      (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were studied in 75
      patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and in 51 healthy controls. The net
      increments of isotope incorporation of either T cells or B cells in NPC patients
      with PHA, Con A or PWM stimulation were far less than those in controls, with
      statistical significance (p less than 0.001) respectively. However, there was no
      link between the mitogenesis and the clinical stage. It is concluded that it is
      of doubtful value to use quantitative mitogenesis in NPC patients as a prognostic
      indicator. A study of loco-regional immune response is suggested.

PMID- 3878770
TI  - [How should the physician document completed patient education?].

PMID- 3878771
TI  - [What can be expected from endoscopy in upper digestive hemorrhage?].

PMID- 3878772
TI  - [Causes of gastrointestinal hemorrhages in chronic liver diseases].
AB  - 356 patients with chronic liver diseases hospitalized in our clinic during the
      period from January 1, 1981, to December 12, 1983, were enrolled in a
      retrospective study. Of them 55 had been admitted for acute gastrointestinal
      hemorrhage. It appears that gastroscopy is the only method allowing to localize
      the origin of the bleeding with high certainty. Bleedings from varices (45%) and
      ulcers or erosions (22%) were seen most frequently. With regard to case history,
      clinic, paraclinic and prognosis, no significant differences were found between
      these various origins of the hemorrhages. Also it is remarkable that all
      bleedings occur with higher frequency in portal hypertension.

PMID- 3878773
TI  - [Emergency endoscopy in chronic liver diseases].
AB  - Emergency endoscopy has to be regarded as a method of high diagnostic value.
      Based on the resulting therapeutic consequences and with allowance for the
      prerequisites and contraindications, emergency endoscopy in chronic liver
      diseases is to be considered a purposeful method. If endoscopic treatment
      possibilities in bleedings of the gastrointestinal tract continue to improve, the
      demonstration of an improvement in prognosis by emergency endoscopy seems to be
      merely a question of time.

PMID- 3878774
TI  - [Rapid isolation of highly purified epidermal growth factor by reverse-phase
      liquid chromatography].
AB  - The first step in the isolation of murine epidermal growth factor (EGF) from
      submaxillary glands was the trace enrichment of the acid-ethanol extract on Sep
      pak C18 cartridges using the step elution with ethanol. The fraction eluted by
      60% ethanol contained above 75% of EGF. The final purification of EGF was
      achieved by reverse-phase liquid chromatography on Novapak C18 column in the
      gradient of acetonitrile. A comparison of the effectiveness of gel filtration (on
      Bio-gel P-60 column) and trace enrichment (on Sep-pak C18 cartridges) of the
      appropriate fractions were analyzed by the reverse-phase high-pressure liquid
      chromatography, which had demonstrated that hydrophobic separation of EGF had a
      number of advantages. The homogeneous character of EGF was confirmed by the
      silver staining of gels after disc-electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing (pI
      4.8). The pronounced mitogenic effect of EGF on the primary culture of the rat
      hepatocytes is described.

PMID- 3878775
TI  - Plasma cells in aspirates of goitre and overt permanent hypothyroidism following
      subacute thyroiditis. Preliminary report.
AB  - The occurrence of permanent overt hypothyroidism (POH) following subacute
      thyroiditis (SAT) was studied in 103 patients during 11-142 months (mean 52.8
      months). Increased amount of plasma cells in cytological pictures of goitre
      aspirates was found at the time of diagnosis of SAT in 25 cases (24.3%). POH
      developed in 11 patients (10.7%). Eight patients with high titres of circulating
      thyroid antibodies demonstrated also cytological characteristics of autoimmune
      thyroiditis (increased amount of plasma cells inclusively) at the time of the
      diagnosis of SAT. Early developing POH in these patients was found. The
      association with HLA-Bw35 in this subgroup was not striking. In another subgroup
      of 3 patients POH developed after an interval of several years of euthyroidism
      following SAT. In such cases the autoimmune thyroiditis was not conspicuous and
      HLA-Bw35 was found in all 3 cases. Increased amount of plasma cells in aspirates
      of goitre at the time of symptomatology of SAT was observed only in one patient.
      It is concluded that increased amount of plasma cells (in addition to usual
      cytological picture of SAT) in aspirates of goitre at the time of clinical
      manifestation of SAT may be a warning of increased risk of development of
      permanent hypothyroidism following SAT. Some speculations on possible
      heterogeneity of subacute thyroiditis are presented.

PMID- 3878776
TI  - Estrogen receptors in human goitrous and neoplastic thyroid.
AB  - An attempt was made to quantify the number of specific estrogen binding sites in
      specimens of human goitrous or neoplastic thyroid tissue obtained by surgery.
      Using synthetic estrogen [3H]moxestrol as a radioligand, the concentrations of
      estrogen receptors found were very low (average 0.57 +/- 0.47 fmol mg-1 of
      protein) approaching the detection limit. Accordingly, no significant sex
      dependent differences in estrogen receptors could be revealed.

PMID- 3878777
TI  - Effect of cyclophosphamide on thyroid gland in mice and guinea pig.
AB  - Male BALB-/c mice and guinea pigs were given cyclophosphamide (CY)-either a
      single dose of 20 or 200 mg kg-1 or multiple doses of 2 or 20 mg kg-1 daily for
      10 days. On the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 15th day after the last dose the serum levels
      of TSH, T4, T3 and rT3 were measured by RIA. The thyroids were processed for
      light and transmission electron microscopy. Both acute and chronic administration
      of CY resulted in a significant and prolonged decrease of serum T4 levels in mice
      and guinea pigs. In contrast, significant increase of rT3 level was found after
      long-term administration of 20 mg CY kg-1 and single administration of 200 mg CY
      kg-1 to mice or guinea pigs, while no changes in T3 and TSH levels were found.
      The thyroid 131I organifications was inhibited. In follicular cells mitochondrial
      damage, distention and vacuolization of the endoplasmic reticulum cisternae were
      established. A period of 15 days was neither long enough for serum T4 to return
      to the normal level nor for the morphological characteristics of the thyroid to
      be restored.

PMID- 3878778
TI  - Acute changes of iodothyronine excretion by bile after a single and repeated
      administration of dexamethasone in rats.
AB  - Bile was collected from cannulated bile duct under pentobarbiturate anesthesia
      and the excretion of several iodothyronines was estimated with the aid of
      radioimmunoassay as described previously. The excretion of triiodothyronine (T3)
      was significantly decreased between 4 and 6 h after a single injection of 20 and
      40 mg kg-1 dexamethasone (DEX), while no changes in the excretion of thyroxine
      (T4) and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) were found. In another experiment a
      decrease of T3 excretion was observed together with an increase of rT3 excretion
      and of T4/T3 and rT3/T3 ratio between 9 and 11 h after a single injection of
      0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 mg kg-1 DEX, the differences being in most cases significant as
      compared to controls. In the same experiments a dose related increase of
      excretion of 3,3'-diiodothyronine (3,3'-T2) and 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) was
      found, while the excretion of 3',5'-diiodothyronine (3',5'-T2) decreased with
      dose of DEX. Similar results were observed even after the administration of 1.5
      and 3.0 mg kg-1 DEX for 5 days. In addition, the level of rT3 in serum was
      significantly increased at 9 h after a single dose of 3.0 mg kg-1 DEX and after 5
      days administration of 1.5 and 3.0 mg kg-1 DEX. The data support a previous view
      that the changes in biliary excretion of iodothyronines are closely related to
      deiodinating metabolism of T4 in the liver and are expressed earlier and more
      remarkably than these in their plasma level.

PMID- 3878779
TI  - C-peptide-like material in rat brain: response to fasting and glucose ingestion.
AB  - Because of controversial data on the presence of insulin in the central nervous
      system, the presence of C-peptide immunoreactivity was followed in acid/ethanol
      extracts of the rat brain. C-peptide-like material was detected in whole brain
      extracts as well as in several brain fragments. Immunoreactive C-peptide
      concentrations were significantly higher in hypothalamus and olfactory bulb as
      compared to those in other brain regions sampled. Fasting for 72 h resulted in a
      decrease and oral glucose administration (0.75-1.5 g given in form of 25% water
      solution 30 min before sacrifice) was followed by an increase of C-peptide-like
      immunoreactivity in both plasma and hypothalamus.

PMID- 3878780
TI  - Desensitization of reticular neurons after ionophoretically applied noradrenalin
      in rats.
AB  - Ionophoretically applied noradrenalin (NA) caused desensitization of about 50%
      out of a total of 19 investigated reticular neurons in rats which responded to
      repeated application of NA, although small ejecting currents (1 nA) were used.
      The desensitization was associated with changes of the pattern of spontaneous
      discharge activity; this phenomenon was not observed in undesensitized units.
      Duration of the desensitization (several minutes) showed that NA can induce
      protracted changes in functional state of neurons.

PMID- 3878781
TI  - Organ distribution and autoradiography after administration of 125I-16 alpha-iodo
      estradiol in female rats.
AB  - Tissue distribution experiments with 125I-1 16 alpha-iodo-estradiol (Amersham)
      showed the highest tissue-to-blood ratio of 3 to 8 in the liver, uterus, mammary
      gland, ovaries and adrenals up to 2 h after the injection. Satisfactory images
      with a simple autoradiographical techniques according to Stumpf [1971] have been
      achieved at 2 h after the injection of drug.

PMID- 3878782
TI  - Influence of LH, hCG and PRL on steroid release from granulosa cells of early
      pregnant and pseudopregnant sows.
AB  - Granulosa cells were isolated from porcine ovaries on the 18th day of pregnancy
      or pseudopregnancy. Pseudopregnancy was induced applying estradiol benzoate (EB).
      The isolated cells were cultured for 4 days at 37 degrees C in Medium 199 with an
      addition of 15% calf serum. Studies were performed on the effect of the following
      hormones upon estradiol 17 beta (E2) and progesterone (P4) secretion: 10 and 100
      ng LH, 10 and 100 ng PRL, and 0.01, 0.1 and 1 U hCG/ml of the medium.
      Concentration of E2 and P4 was determined in the medium after 2 and 4 days of
      culture by radioimmunoassay. It was shown that hCG at a dose of 0.01 U increased
      E2 release by the granulosa cells obtained from pregnant sows. None of the
      hormones under study affected E2 secretion after EB treatment. Moreover P4
      secretion by the porcine granulosa cells was about twice higher in EB treated
      pigs than in the pregnant animals. The cells from pseudopregnant sows were more
      susceptible to the applied exogenous hormones: LH, hCG and PRL (only 100 ng dose)
      increased P4 secretion. Contrarily to this, the granulosa cells from pregnant
      pigs increased P4 secretion only under the effect of 1 U hCG.

PMID- 3878783
TI  - Propofol in emulsion form: induction characteristics and venous sequelae.
AB  - Propofol in a 1% emulsion was used to induce anaesthesia in 20 female patients
      premedicated with diazepam (10 mg). A dose of 2.5 mg kg-1 produced a rapid loss
      of consciousness and only minor excitatory effects. Discomfort during the
      injection was not severe. Cardiovascular changes included a fall in blood
      pressure similar to that which occurs with other induction agents, and a decrease
      in pulse rate. Apnoea occurred after each induction and in some patients (13) was
      prolonged (greater than 60 s). There were no venous sequelae, and patient
      acceptance was high. Propofol given in an emulsion to induce anaesthesia merits
      further study.

PMID- 3878784
TI  - Significance of extrapancreatic findings in computed tomography (CT) of acute
      pancreatitis.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) has proven reliable in the early detection of acute
      haemorrhagic pancreatitis. In the present study the extrapancreatic changes at CT
      were studied in 60 patients with acute pancreatitis. The CT findings were
      correlated to the early "prognostic signs" by Ranson and the clinical course of
      the disease. All the patients with minor extrapancreatic changes recovered
      without complications. When moderate to severe extrapancreatic changes were seen
      the incidence of haemorrhagic pancreatitis and the risk of development of
      pseudocyst or abscess was high. In these patients a dynamic contrast enhanced CT
      should be done in order to select the patients with haemorrhagic pancreatitis.

PMID- 3878785
TI  - Assessment of myocardial metabolism with 11C-palmitate. Comparison with 123I
      heptadecanoic acid.
AB  - Carbon-11 (11C)-palmitate is chemically identical to its physiological
      counterpart. After intravenous injection the myocardial distribution of 11C
      activity can be measured accurately by positron emission tomography. Regions of
      decreased 11C-palmitate uptake can be readily identified and their size
      quantified. Results obtained in dogs with experimental coronary thrombosis and in
      patients with myocardial infarction indicate that positron emission tomography
      with 11C-palmitate allows non-invasive assessment of the metabolic recovery of
      the myocardium after lysis of the occluding coronary thrombus. There is
      experimental evidence that the rate of clearance of 11C-palmitate activity from
      the myocardium is related to oxidative fatty acid metabolism. In dogs, a
      restriction of the oxygen supply to the myocardium results in a decrease in the
      rate of 11C-clearance independently of whether myocardial perfusion is
      concomitantly reduced or not. Similarities in myocardial uptake and clearance
      exist between iodine-123 (123I)-heptadecanoic acid and 11C-palmitate. However,
      interpretation of the kinetics of the radio-iodinated fatty acid analogue has to
      take into account the different intracellular fate of the iodine label compared
      with the fatty acid structure.

PMID- 3878786
TI  - On the prognostic potential of the sequential 123-I-HDA-tomoscintigram after the
      first MI.
AB  - Seven-pinhole tomography (SPT) using 123-I-heptadecanoic acid (HDA) is highly
      sensitive in confirming, sizing and localizing myocardial infarcts (MIs). Its
      prognostic value, however, is unknown. Thirty-five consecutive patients coming
      for a routine SPT within 10 days after MI underwent a second examination
      approximately 20 weeks later. These examinations combined an early (5 min) and a
      late (30 min) SPT after administration of 4 mCi 123-I-HDA, as well as a first
      pass radiocardioangiography. Scars and infarcts without residual HDA catabolism
      were related to lesions which followed (from 5 min to 30 min) a cool-cool or cold
      cold behaviour. Cool-warm lesions (due to low HDA uptake and prolonged washout)
      were considered ischaemic. This ischaemic behaviour could not be correlated to
      the later course of the illness: in those patients with higher initial ischaemic
      scores, the ejection fraction did not increase disproportionately nor was the
      size of the lesion significantly smaller in the later examination than in those
      patients with lower ischaemic scores. Only a slightly better reduction of the end
      diastolic volume was found in the patients with initially predominantly ischaemic
      lesions. Thus, SPT with HDA seems to be of limited value for an early prognostic
      evaluation of patients with MI.

PMID- 3878787
TI  - Value of enucleation of tumor in solitary kidneys.
AB  - An untreated malignancy of an anatomic or functional single kidney is fatal.
      However, tumor enucleation, including examination of the abscission surfaces by
      immediate per operative section should be considered as a curative treatment. Of
      15 patients who underwent tumor enucleation during the past 10 years, 1 died of
      postoperative complications, while 3 patients died of tumor progression; 9 are
      alive at 9-49 months with no evidence of disease, and 2 are alive, one with a
      metastasis and the other with a locoregional relapse in the contralateral kidney
      bed. Because of the low incidence of complications, superficial hypothermia with
      ice should be preferred to extracorporeal surgery. The characteristic
      pseudocapsule allows an enucleation of the malignoma with protection of vessels
      and optimal preservation of the healthy parenchyma.

PMID- 3878788
TI  - Distribution of class IIDQ antigens on normal and leukemic lymphoid cells.
AB  - The distribution of DQ as well as DR antigens was examined on lymphoid and
      monocytic cells at different stages of differentiation. In the B cell series,
      both immature and differentiating (under Staphylococcus aureus or pokeweed
      mitogen stimulation) B cells often lacked DQ molecules; among surface IgM+ and
      IgD+ cells, both DQ and DR molecules were detected except on cells from 30% of
      the lymphoid malignancies studied. T cells expressed DQ molecules only after
      stimulation; a DQ-DR+ phenotype was observed in a large number of cells after
      allogeneic stimulation, in certain antigen-specific T cell lines as well as in T
      cell lymphomas, suggesting that class II antigens had a distinct pattern of
      regulation. In the monocytic lineage, DQ molecules were expressed by most lymph
      node monocytes and only a low percentage (20%) of circulating monocytes.

PMID- 3878789
TI  - gp140, a C3b-binding membrane component of lymphocytes, is the B cell C3dg/C3d
      receptor (CR2) and is distinct from the neutrophil C3dg receptor (CR4).
AB  - gp140, previously identified as a 140-kDa C3b-binding membrane glycoprotein
      present on Raji cell surface, was shown to be the C3dg/C3d receptor of B
      lymphocytes (CR2). Specific polyclonal anti-gp140, prepared by immunizing rabbits
      with this highly purified C3 receptor, blocked Raji cell rosettes with EC3b,
      EC3bi, EC3dg and EC3d, and also blocked normal lymphocyte rosettes with EC3dg and
      EC3d without affecting CR1 or CR3 activity. Moreover, a monoclonal anti-C3
      (C3b/#130), described by others as reacting with the d region highly expressed on
      EC3bi, EC3dg and EC3d and poorly exposed on EC3b, completely inhibited EC3bi,
      EC3dg and EC3d rosettes with Raji cells, but had no effect on EC3b rosettes.
      Treatment of Raji cells with rabbit anti-gp140 blocked the uptake of three 125I
      labeled monoclonal antibodies anti-B2, HB-5 and OKB7 reported to react with C3d
      binding proteins, indicating that each of these monoclonal antibodies recognizes
      epitopes present on gp140. The neutrophil C3dg receptor was examined to determine
      its relationship to lymphocyte CR2. While neutrophil rosettes with EC3d were
      undetectable, a specificity for C3d was suggested by the inhibition of EC3dg
      rosettes by fluid phase C3d-complexes bearing no detectable C3dg. However, such
      neutrophil EC3dg and EC3bi rosettes were not inhibited by rabbit anti-gp140 nor
      an excess of anti-CR1, anti-CR2, and anti-CR3. In addition, neutrophils did not
      bind 125I-labeled anti-gp140, anti-B2, or HB-5. Thus, the neutrophil C3dg
      receptor is distinct from gp140, the lymphocyte CR2, and should be designated
      CR4.

PMID- 3878790
TI  - Immunologically discrete conformation isomers of I-A locus-equivalent class II
      molecules detected in Lewis rats.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies MRC-OX6 and MRC-OX3 were used to define biosynthetically
      inter-related subsets of I-A-equivalent class II molecules from Lewis rat spleen
      cells. MRC-OX6 was shown to recognize specifically multiple forms of the class II
      molecule arising along its maturation pathway from the origin of polypeptide
      chain synthesis, the rough endoplasmatic reticulum, through the Golgi compartment
      to the plasma membrane. Three MRC-OX6-reactive polypeptide chain complexes were
      distinguished: (a) an early complex composed of immature components of the
      polymorphic alpha,beta heterodimer in noncovalent association with immature
      proteins of the invariant gamma-chain group p40, p33 (gamma), p28, p20; (b) a
      biosynthetic intermediate comprising the subunits alpha,beta and gamma all of
      them being extensively glycosylated and sialylated. The latter constituent is
      referred to as p36; (c) a cell surface structure consisting of the mature
      alpha,beta heterodimer devoid of the mature invariant chain p36. A two
      dimensional (2D) separation pattern exhibited by an MRC-OX6-specific
      immunoprecipitate from spleen cells labeled for 4 h represents a superposition of
      these three MRC-OX6-reactive polypeptide chain complexes. In contrast, MRC-OX3
      recognizes exclusively a fully mature alpha,beta heterodimer devoid of protein
      precursor forms and devoid of any invariant chains. Considering the previous
      observation that the respective alpha and beta subunits of MRC-OX6 and MRC-OX3
      specific molecules comigrate on 2D O'Farrell gels combined with the data of this
      investigation, it is suggested that the mature MRC-OX6-specific alpha,beta
      heterodimer and the mature MRC-OX3-specific alpha,beta heterodimer originate from
      the same biosynthetic intermediate. We propose that before entering the plasma
      membrane an MRC-OX6-reactive molecule composed of fully glycosylated alpha, beta
      and p36 releases its post-translationally processed gamma chain (p36), giving
      rise to two conformation isomers, one alpha,beta heterodimer still being reactive
      with MRC-OX6 and one alpha,beta heterodimer which has lost the serologic MRC-OX6
      and gained the MRC-OX3 specificity. Both alpha, beta heterodimers are expressed
      on the cell surface as two distinct subsets of I-A-equivalent class II molecules.

PMID- 3878791
TI  - T cells specific for different antigens express different HLA-D region products.
AB  - T cell lines and clones were analyzed for surface expression of Ia antigens using
      monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that detect monomorphic and polymorphic epitopes on
      Ia molecules encoded by the HLA-DR and HLA-DQ gene clusters. All mAb bound to B
      lymphocytes or lymphoblastoid cell lines of the same individuals from whom the T
      cells were derived. Three mAb detecting monomorphic epitopes, primarily
      associated with HLA-DR, bound to all T cells showing that each clone or line
      expressed some type of Ia. Three other mAb defining polymorphic epitopes
      associated with HLA-DR products showed differential binding patterns. Two
      reagents, R3 and E15/4 recognizing the supertypic specificity DRw52 (formerly
      MT2), bound to every alloreactive clone, whereas the 16.23 mAb, detecting a
      private DR3-associated epitope, failed to bind to any clone. In contrast, the
      16.23 epitope was detected on high percentages of T cells specific for purified
      protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) or tetanus toxoid (TT). Biochemical
      studies showed that the 16.23 and DRw52-like epitopes can be present on distinct
      DR molecules on B cell lines and this may also be the case for T cells. Three
      other mAb, detecting epitopes associated with HLA-DQ, also revealed differential
      binding patterns when tested on various T cells. Two failed to bind to any
      alloreactive clone and to only low numbers of PPD- or TT-specific T cell lines,
      whereas the third bound distinctly to a CD4+/CD8+ alloreactive clone. Biochemical
      analyses have shown that these DQ epitopes can be present on different molecules.
      Combined, these observations indicate that differential expression of Ia
      molecules encoded by both HLA-DR and DQ occurs between B and activated T cells as
      well as among T cell populations of the same individual. Whether these
      differences reflect quantitative variations in expression of given DR or DQ
      molecules or, alternatively, are due to differential class II gene expression in
      activated T cells remains to be determined.

PMID- 3878792
TI  - Eosinophil activation by lymphokines and T cell clone products in the rat.
AB  - T cell lines and T cell clones derived from inbred Fischer rats and specific for
      Schistosoma mansoni antigens were established. Cell-free supernatants from the T
      cell lines demonstrated a marked capacity to enhance IgE- and IgG2a-dependent
      eosinophil-mediated killing of S. mansoni larvae in vitro. In addition,
      supernatants from cloned T cells stimulated with concanavalin A or specific
      antigen, or unstimulated, enhanced IgE-dependent eosinophil-mediated
      helminthotoxicity. The enhancing activity in both cases was very heat-stable (100
      degrees C, 10 min). We also found that clone-derived supernatants enhance
      eosinophil peroxidase release upon stimulation with homologous IgE and anti-IgE
      as well as inducing a more delayed spontaneous release of peroxidase. In view of
      the established thymus dependency for the development of immunity to
      schistosomiasis in the rat, the availability of these S. mansoni-specific cloned
      T cells has enabled the relationship between eosinophils, lymphocytes and
      anaphylactic antibodies to be examined more closely.

PMID- 3878793
TI  - Differential neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)
      in Swiss-Webster mice from different sources.
AB  - Male Swiss-Webster mice obtained from three different commercial suppliers were
      treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Mice from one
      of the three suppliers were considerably more sensitive to the neurotoxic effects
      of MPTP than mice from the others. For example the MPTP-induced decrements in the
      neostriatal levels of dopamine and its metabolites, which are a reflection of the
      neurotoxic process, were considerably greater in the sensitive strain than in the
      less sensitive strains.

PMID- 3878794
TI  - On GABAergic mechanisms in the optokinetic nystagmus of the frog: effects of
      bicuculline, allylglycine and SR 95103, a new GABA antagonist.
AB  - In a monocular situation, an intravitreal injection of the GABA antagonists,
      bicuculline or SR 95103 provoked both the suppression of the optokinetic
      nystagmus (OKN) related to the injected eye and the appearance of a Nasal
      Temporal (N-T) component in the OKN triggered by the contralateral non-injected
      eye (this N-T component being absent in control OKN). These two effects were
      added in a binocular condition. Similar results were obtained with L-C
      allylglycine which reduces the endogenous GABA level, but these effects were
      delayed when compared to those of GABA antagonists. All these data are roughly
      analogous to those previously obtained with picrotoxin (a non-competitive GABA
      antagonist) and thus confirm that GABA mechanisms are involved in the control of
      the frog OKN. Furthermore, SR 95103 acted in this model as a potent selective
      GABA antagonist, as has been demonstrated in another system.

PMID- 3878795
TI  - Effects of bepridil on force development and transmembrane electrical activity of
      adult canine Purkinje strands: comparison with nisoldipine and lidocaine.
AB  - Superfusion of a bepridil containing normal Tyrode solution produced a
      concentration-dependent decrease in force development and shortening of action
      potential duration in isolated Purkinje strands. At a concentration close to the
      50% inhibitory concentration for effects on force development and action
      potential duration, bepridil blocked 'slow' action potentials in potassium
      depolarized, isoproterenol-restored Purkinje strands. When the concentration
      response relations for decreasing force development and shortening action
      potential duration were compared to those of nisoldipine and other calcium entry
      inhibitors, bepridil was the least potent. Bepridil also showed a concentration
      dependent effect on the maximum rate of rise of the Purkinje fiber action
      potential upstroke similar to, though less potent than that of lidocaine. In
      addition, like lidocaine, bepridil shifted the membrane responsiveness curve of
      the Purkinje strands to the left. These findings indicate that bepridil produced
      effects that are consistent with its classification as a calcium entry inhibitor
      (class IV antiarrhythmic), as well as effects that are 'lidocaine-like' (class I
      antiarrhythmic).

PMID- 3878796
TI  - Haemophilus influenzae induces a potentiated increase in guinea-pig pulmonary
      resistance to histamine.
AB  - The human respiratory pathogen Haemophilus influenzae (H.i.) induced bronchial
      hyperreactivity to histamine (1.0-8.0 micrograms/100 g b.w. i.v.) in vivo in
      anaesthetized spontaneously breathing guinea-pigs. This hyperreactivity was
      caused by a potentiated increase in pulmonary resistance. Decreases in dynamic
      compliance did not differ. Atropine prevented the potentiation at 1.0 and 2.0
      micrograms histamine/100 g b.w. These results show that H.i. induces bronchial
      hyperreactivity in vivo which is mediated by direct and reflex effects of
      histamine in the central airways.

PMID- 3878797
TI  - Assessment of ventilatory variables in survival prediction of patients with
      chronic airflow obstruction: the importance of reversibility.
AB  - The relative usefulness of various indices of (ir) reversibility in predicting
      survival is reported for 129 patients with severe chronic airflow limitation
      (initial Forced Expiratory Volume in one second, FEV1, less than or equal to 1000
      ml). The generally applied increase of FEV1 as a percentage of the initial FEV1
      value (delta FEV1% in) and the increase of FEV1 as a percentage of the predicted
      FEV1 after an anticholinergic drug (delta FEV1%pred) are not related to survival.
      The increase of FEV1 as a percentage of the "maximal" attainable increase to the
      predicted level, as estimated by predicted minus initial FEV1 (delta
      FEV1%(predin], is, next to the severity of airflow obstruction after
      bronchodilation (FEV1pb% pred), significantly related to prognosis. After
      controlling for smoking, delta FEV1% (pred-in) was the best indicator of
      reversibility in prognosis prediction. Next to smoking and delta FEV1% (pred-in)
      also the irreversible part of airflow obstruction FEV1%FIV1 after bronchodilation
      appeared to influence survival independently in this particular patient
      population with severe airflow obstruction.

PMID- 3878798
TI  - [Effect of diucifon and its structural precursors on inflammatory and pain
      reactions].
AB  - The anti-inflammatory and analgesic action of diucifon, methyluracil and 4,4'
      diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) was studied in comparison with some nonsteroid
      preparations. In three traditional models of agar, kaolin and carrageenan paw
      edema and in the models of analgesia (convulsions, induced by intraabdominal
      administration of acetic acid to mice and hyperalgesia according to Randall
      Selitto's test in rats), diucifon proved more active than its precursors. In
      Randall-Selitto's test the efficiency of diucifon was 1.5 times less than that of
      butadione but 24 times higher than that of methyluracil; DDS had no analgetic
      activity. Diucifon, methyluracil and DDS did not exert any ulcerogenic action.

PMID- 3878799
TI  - Synthesis and analgesic activity of new tricyclic pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines.
AB  - The title compounds have been obtained in a two-step synthesis from 5-amino-4-(1
      cycloalkenyl)pyrazoles. Among the synthetized compounds, the 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro
      1,3-dimethyl-3H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]isoquinoline, showed interesting antiinflammatory
      and analgesic activity.

PMID- 3878800
TI  - [Synthesis and pharmacologic activity of 2-arylethenylthiazol-4-acetic and 4
      carboxylic acids].
AB  - Two new series of 2-aryletenylthiazolo-4-acetic (IV-XII) and 4-carboxylic (XIII
      XXI) acids substituted with alkoxy groups in the benzene ring were synthesized.
      The compounds were subjected to comparative tests of antiinflammatory, analgesic
      and antipyretic activity.

PMID- 3878801
TI  - [Interaction of thermoreceptive and vestibular signalling in regulating the
      activity of flexor and extensor motor nuclei during cold tremor].
AB  - The impulse activity of flexor and extensor gamma- and alpha-motoneurons was
      investigated in anesthetized cats during cold tremor. Total cooling, local cold
      stimulation of thermoreceptors or electrical stimulation of dorsomedial area of
      posterior hypothalamus were shown to evoke primary activation of flexor--and
      simultaneous inhibition of extensor gamma-motoneurons, with secondary activation
      of flexor alpha-motoneurons. Caloric stimulation of the vestibular receptors
      during cold tremor evokes primary inhibition of the activity of flexor alpha
      motoneurons and secondary inhibition of flexor gamma-motoneurons as well as
      simultaneous activation of extensor gamma-motoneurons.

PMID- 3878802
TI  - Comparative immunology as a research tool.
AB  - Only very few immunological publications are based on investigations using non
      mammalian vertebrates as experimental animals. Nevertheless, some important
      immunological problems, such as dichotomy of T and B lymphocytes or immune
      tolerance, were first discovered or even solved using such species. The
      usefulness of comparative investigations with species of different vertebrate
      classes is shown, referring to our own investigations of organ transplantations
      in the 1950s and of the regulation of the IgM antibody response in the last
      years.

PMID- 3878803
TI  - Functional and molecular genetic analysis of a group of rat class I major
      histocompatibility genes which might be homologous to H-2Qa.
AB  - Studies on the major histocompatibility complex of the rat (RT1) will be
      summarized, which demonstrate the existence of a cluster of class I-like genes
      differing in expression, function and complexity of their organization from the
      "classical" class I genes, the gene products of which restrict antigen
      recognition by T lymphocytes. The characterization of the respective gene region
      (RT1.C) and its products is based on data obtained with classical genetic,
      molecular genetic, biochemical and immunological methods. It turns out that the
      RT1.C region and RT1.C antigens are in many aspects homologous to the H-2Qa
      region and H-2Qa antigens, respectively, of the mouse.

PMID- 3878804
TI  - The dual role of interleukin 1 in lectin-induced proliferation of T cells.
AB  - Nylon wool non-adherent, thoroughly macrophage-depleted rat thymocytes (NaTs) or
      lymph node cells (NALs) pulsed with Con A for 20 h did not proliferate and
      acquired a very low level of IL 2 responsiveness or were completely unresponsive
      to exogenous IL 2. When supplemented with irradiated resident peritoneal cells
      used as a source of macrophages during Con A pulsing, NATs/NALs became capable of
      proliferating and expressing competence to respond to exogenous IL 2. Thus in the
      experimental system used in this study both IL 2 production and acquisition of IL
      2 responsiveness are macrophage-dependent. Semipurified rat IL 1 could
      efficiently replace the requirement for macrophages in the promotion of
      proliferation of NATs/NALs both in the presence or absence of exogenous IL 2.
      Furthermore, NATs/NALs pretreated with IL 1 for 6 h before Con A pulsing were
      able to acquire reactivity to IL 2. The effect of IL 1 pretreatment in promoting
      the Con A-induced IL 2 responsiveness of NATs/NALs was dose-dependent. IL 1 by
      itself did not induce competence to IL 2. IL 1 pretreatment did not alter the
      overall Con A-binding capacity of NATs nor the ability of Con A to aggregate
      them. Irradiated IL 1-pretreated NATs could not accomplish the function of
      "accessory cells" for induction of IL 2 responsiveness of untreated NATs by Con
      A. Our study indicates that IL 1 exerts two activities in lectin-induced
      proliferation of at least some resting T cells present both in thymus and lymph
      nodes. On the one hand, IL 1 promotes IL 2 production and, on the other hand, it
      promotes expression of IL 2 receptors.

PMID- 3878805
TI  - [Chronic histiocytosis X with skin and stomatologic symptoms].

PMID- 3878806
TI  - Ontogeny of the transplantation immunity of mice for rejecting ascitic allogeneic
      tumors.
AB  - Ontogeny of the murine transplantation immunity for rejecting ascitic allogeneic
      tumors (chemically-induced RG lymphoma and L1210 leukemia) as a model of in vivo
      cytotoxic T cell immunity was studied. Challenge by 10(6) to 10(7) allogeneic
      tumor cells per 20 g body weight (b.w.) of the mouse was fatal to 1-3 day-old
      mice, whereas 7-30 day-old mice rejected the tumor. In newborn mice however some
      yet undetermined mechanism worked to temporally depress the initial tumor growth.
      Injection of low (10(6) cells per 20 g b.w.) to moderate (10(7)) doses of
      semiallogeneic spleen cells into newborn mice prepared for second set rejection
      of the tumor carrying the same alloantigens as the spleen cells, although
      injection of high dose (3 X 10(8)) cells reduced the tumor rejecting immunity.
      This second set rejection occurred even against the allogeneic tumor inoculated
      as early as 3 days old, if the mice had been primed with the alloantigens at
      birth. It appears therefore that newborn and early suckling mice are protected
      from tumor invasion by cytotoxic immunity more powerfully than expected from
      earlier in vitro works.

PMID- 3878807
TI  - Allogeneic pregnancy in B-lymphocyte deprived CBA/Ca mice--effects on maternal
      lymphoid organs and fetal survival.
AB  - A number of female CBA/Ca (H2-k) mice were injected with rabbit-anti mouse IgM
      every 2 days throughout their life cycle in order to prevent their development of
      immunocompetent B-lymphocytes. The efficiency of the anti IgM-treatment was good
      in the group of mice used, and all experimental mice almost completely lacked 1)
      surface Ig-staining cells (immunoperoxidase ABC method), 2) serum IgG (ELISA
      technique), and 3) Ig-secreting cells (protein A plaque assay). All experimental
      mice contained a functioning T-cell pool, as recorded in vitro by conA
      stimulation and one-way MLC. At an age of 40-60 days these mice were allowed to
      mate allogeneically with C57/Bl (H-2b) males. No harmful effects of the anti-IgM
      treatment on the first pregnancy cycle were found, and B-cell deprived mice
      delivered as many healthy litters as did the controls. It was also observed that
      the enlargement of the spleen and uterus-draining nodes was of the same magnitude
      in both experimental and control mice at the end of the first pregnancy.

PMID- 3878808
TI  - The phylogeny of interleukin-2.

PMID- 3878810
TI  - Endoscopic sclerotherapy anno 1985; established standard therapy?

PMID- 3878809
TI  - The epidemiology of diabetes in Swedish children 0-14 years--a six-year
      prospective study.
AB  - Since 1 July 1977, all newly diagnosed diabetic children in Sweden aged 0-14
      years have been reported to a central register. During the first 6 years, 2300
      newly diagnosed diabetic children out of a population of 1.6 million children
      were registered. The degree of certainty was close to 100%. The mean of the
      yearly incidence rate for the whole 6 year period was 23.6 per 100000. The
      prevalence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus on 1 July 1980 was 1.48 per
      1000 and 1.52 on 1 July 1983. Comparing the first and second 3-year periods, an
      increase was found (22.7-25.1 per 100000). This increase was consistent when
      analyzing incidence rates by age, sex, and geographical distribution. Cumulative
      incidence rates revealed a risk of developing diabetes by the age of 15 years of
      3.6 per thousand for boys and 3.2 per thousand for girls. The higher incidence
      for boys was consistent throughout the study period. Seasonal variations in the
      incidence rate were also consistent, showing yearly incidence peaks in the autumn
      and winter months. Incidence peaks were noted for both sexes in the pubertal
      ages. Age- and sex-standardized morbidity ratios varied significantly within the
      country. 12.8% of the probands had a first degree relative with Type 1 diabetes,
      and it was twice as common that this relative was a father as a mother. The high
      and rapidly increasing incidence of Type 1 diabetes in a genetically stable
      population such as Sweden calls for case-control studies directed towards the
      identification of environmental pathogens.

PMID- 3878811
TI  - [Evaluation of 2 years' experience with elective endoscopic sclerotherapy of
      hemorrhagic esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients].
AB  - The authors report their 2-year experience of esophageal endoscopic sclerotherapy
      for prevention of recurrent variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis.
      Sixty-three alcoholic cirrhotics underwent sclerotherapy 10 +/- 6 days (SD) after
      hospital admission for variceal bleeding. Varices were successfully eradicated in
      43 patients (68 p. 100), with an average of 3 injection sessions, over a mean
      period of 5 weeks. Unsuccessful treatment was due to abbreviated course of
      treatment because of early rebleeding and early mortality. Early rebleeding
      episodes after therapy occurred in 19 patients (30 p. 100): 10 in whom the
      esophageal varices were eradicated, 9 in whom sclerotherapy had failed. Recurrent
      hemorrhage was the cause of death in 6 patients. After variceal eradication had
      been achieved, new varices were observed in 7 p. 100 of patients after a mean
      follow-up of 8 months. The risk of further variceal bleeding was 0.008
      hemorrhage/patient/month. Minor complications (thoracic pain, dysphagia,
      esophageal ulcers, pleural effusion) occurred in 60 p. 100 of patients. An
      esophageal stricture developed in 13 out of the 43 successfully treated patients
      (30 p. 100). Major complications occurred in 5 patients and was the cause of
      death in 4: mediastinitis, esophageal perforation, bronchoesophageal fistulae,
      cardiogenic shock and aspiration pneumonitis. The survival curve, assessed by
      cumulative life analysis, showed a 60 p. 100 survival rate after 12 months and 56
      p. 100 after 18 months. It was significantly different (p less than 0.001)
      between groups of cirrhosis classified according to Child-Pugh's criteria (95, 52
      and 9 p. 100 at 12 months for groups A, B and C respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3878812
TI  - [Embolization of esophageal varices by the transjugular route in severe digestive
      hemorrhage in cirrhotic patients. Prospective study of 83 patients].
AB  - A prospective study was undertaken to assess the results of embolization of
      esophageal varices by the transjugular approach, in 83 patients with advanced
      cirrhosis (65 p. 100 Child's class C) admitted with severe bleeding (mean of 10
      units of blood per patient). Embolization was successfully completed in 65
      patients (78 p. 100) and complete obliteration was achieved in 50 (60 p. 100).
      Twenty-nine procedures were performed on actively bleeding patients. Cessation of
      bleeding was observed in 22 (76 p. 100). Excluding the 5 patients in whom
      embolization could not be achieved, the success rate was 92 p. 100. Embolization
      was attempted as an elective procedure in 54 patients who were not actively
      bleeding. Recurrent hemorrhage occurred in 18 patients (33 p. 100) during the
      first month of follow-up. Finally, 38 patients rebled and 57 died. No accident
      could be ascribed to the procedure. It is concluded that: (a) the transjugular
      approach proved to be safe in actively bleeding patients with severe cirrhosis;
      (b) variceal obliteration effectively controlled active bleeding. The efficacy of
      this procedure was limited in time. The use of embolization is further hindered
      by a consistent failure rate and by the development of new therapeutic
      modalities, such as sclerotherapy.

PMID- 3878813
TI  - [Propranolol prevention of hemorrhagic recurrence caused by rupture of esophageal
      varices: worsened prognosis in ascites and jaundice].
AB  - Between October 1981 and December 1983, 46 consecutive unselected cirrhotic
      patients who had been admitted for variceal hemorrhage were assigned to
      propranolol for the prevention of variceal rebleeding and followed for a mean
      period of 13.3 months (ranges: 1 day, 45 months). At the time of inclusion, 87 p.
      100 of patients had alcoholic cirrhosis: ascites was present in 43 p. 100,
      jaundice in 43 p. 100 and encephalopathy in 33 p. 100 of cases. The goal of this
      retrospective study was to assess the effectiveness of propranolol in these
      unselected patients and to determine variables associated with a high rebleeding
      rate. Twenty-four patients (52 p. 100) rebled from esophageal varices within a
      mean time of 8.2 months (range: 6 days, 39 months) and 12 of these patients died.
      The percentage of patients who rebled from varices was 27 p. 100 at 6 months, 43
      p. 100 at 1 year, 52 p. 100 at 18 months. Patients with ascites at the time of
      inclusion were 3.5 times more likely to rebleed than patients without ascites (p
      = 0.007). Patients with jaundice (total bilirubin greater than or equal to 50
      mumol/l) were 3.1 times more likely to rebleed than patients without jaundice (p
      = 0.01). One year after the beginning of this treatment, the probability of
      rebleeding was 19 p. 100 in the 17 Pugh-Child class A cirrhotic patients, 60 p.
      100 in the 15 class B patients, 55 p. 100 in the 14 class C patients. Neither
      proper acceptance in taking propranolol nor alcohol withdrawal were associated
      with significantly modified risks of rebleeding in these unselected alcoholic
      patients.

PMID- 3878814
TI  - [Effect of levamisole on cellular immunity in patients with lymphocytic
      leukemia].

PMID- 3878815
TI  - Specific vacuolation of frog urinary bladder granular cell after ADH stimulation
      of water transport.
AB  - The present study deals with an analysis of specific traits of cell vacuolation
      induced by water flow and ADH. During incubation of frog urinary bladders in
      Ringer's solution diluted 2-fold, the water content of the bladder wall increased
      by an average of 19%. In case of ADH-stimulated water flow the water content
      increased by an average of 15.7%. Cell swelling induced by hypotonic conditions
      on the serosal side resulted in a drastic decrease of the response to the
      hydroosmotic action of ADH. Electron microscopy revealed significant differences
      between cells hydrated in the above conditions. Two-fold hypotonicity of the
      serosal solution caused a slight swelling of all types of cells accompanied by a
      narrowing of intercellular spaces. With ADH stimulation of water transport (at
      maximal water movement) granular cells were characterized by the presence of
      irregularly shaped giant vacuoles with processes. The limiting membranes of the
      vacuoles were closely connected with microtubules and microfilaments. The
      electron microscopic study of these cells by the freeze-substitution method
      revealed, in addition to giant vacuoles, a highly complex system of microtubules
      35-40 nm in diameter. A morphological similarity was observed between the
      vacuolar systems of these granular cells and the contractile vacuole complex of
      protozoans. Possible mechanisms for the participation of giant vacuoles, electron
      dense canaliculi, microtubules and microfilaments in transcellular water flow
      across epithelium are discussed.

PMID- 3878816
TI  - Calcium currents recorded from segments of normal and denervated frog tonic
      muscle fibres.

PMID- 3878817
TI  - Endoscopic laser treatment of vascular anomalies of the upper gastrointestinal
      tract.
AB  - Vascular anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract are an important source of both
      acute and chronic blood loss. They present difficult management problems as they
      are often multiple, involving more than one part of the gastrointestinal tract,
      and may give rise to bleeds of increasing frequency and severity over a period of
      many years. We present the results of endoscopic argon and Nd YAG laser treatment
      of 18 patients with documented recurrent, severe haemorrhage from vascular
      lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract with follow up of up to five years.
      Four patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, five with single
      angiodysplasias and three with multiple angiodysplasias have had their
      transfusion requirements reduced to minimal levels after one or more courses of
      laser treatment. Two of these have required no blood for over two years despite
      previous total requirements of 52 and 129 units of blood. Four patients were
      submitted to surgery (two in whom the laser failed to control haemorrhage and two
      who did not have immediate access to laser therapy at the time of severe bleed).
      Two of these, however, bled again soon afterwards. Two patients are still
      undergoing courses of laser therapy although have already shown reductions in
      transfusion requirements. Both lasers were effective. The Nd YAG laser appears to
      produce better long term results as its greater penetration makes it possible to
      ablate the main areas of vascular ectasia in the submucosa, although it does have
      a slightly higher risk of causing haemorrhage in the first few days after
      treatment.

PMID- 3878819
TI  - [Pharmacological studies of cinobufagin, in comparison with digitoxin].
AB  - General pharmacological properties of cinobufagin (CB), isolated from Senso, were
      compared with those of digitoxin (DT). Decrement of spontaneous movement,
      inhibition of writhing, prolongation of hexobarbital-induced hypnosis, muscle
      relaxation, inhibition of acetic acid-induced capillary permeability,
      hypothermia, antipyretic effect in mice; excitation of respiration in rabbits;
      nerve blocking action in the isolated sciatic nerve of frogs; cardiotonic effect
      in the isolated atria of guinea pigs; contraction of the isolated ileum of
      rabbits and guinea pigs; contraction of the aorta of guinea pigs; and relaxation
      of the isolated trachea of guinea pigs were common properties observed after
      separate application of CB and DT. Membrane stabilizing effect in erythrocytes of
      rats and inhibition of propulsive motility of the small intestine in mice were
      observed only after the application of CB. Inhibition of gastric juice secretion,
      antiinflammation on carrageenin- or dextran-induced edema, diuresis in rats,
      mydriasis in mice and potentiation of transmission in the neuromuscular junction
      of rats were observed only after the application of DT. After oral
      administration, the onset of the effects of CB (30 min) was faster than that of
      DT (3-4 hr), and the duration of the effects of CB (1-2 hr) was shorter than that
      of DT (greater than 24 hr).

PMID- 3878818
TI  - [Effect of pirprofen on bradykinin-induced flexor reflexes of rat and rabbit
      hindlimbs].
AB  - The analgesic effects of pirprofen on bradykinin-induced flexor reflexes in rats
      and rabbits were investigated in comparison with those of indomethacin and
      ibuprofen by oral administrations. The bradykinin-induced flexor reflexes in rats
      were suppressed by pirprofen at 10 mg/kg-200 mg/kg, the effect reaching plateau
      at over 30 mg/kg. Suppression at the dose of 200 mg/kg was 56%. A similar dose
      dependent curve was obtained for ibuprofen at 30 mg/kg-300 300 mg/kg. On the
      other hand, indomethacin exerted dose-dependent inhibition at 1 mg/kg-10 mg/kg
      without a tendency to reach the plateau effect within this dose range.
      Suppression at the dose of 10 mg/kg was 83%. The ED50 values of pirprofen,
      indomethacin and ibuprofen were 68 mg/kg, 3.3 mg/kg and 94 mg/kg, respectively.
      On the bradykinin-induced flexor reflexes in rabbits, pirprofen showed 60%
      suppression at the dose of 10 mg/kg, of which the effects were roughly equivalent
      to those of indomethacin and ibuprofen at the same dosage. These results indicate
      that there is a species difference concerning the three drug activities on
      bradykinin-induced flexor reflexes between the rat and the rabbit.

PMID- 3878820
TI  - Enzyme activities splitting naphthol AS-DC1 acetate in the lymphocytes of T
      dependent parts of lymphoid organs.

PMID- 3878821
TI  - [Individual tolerance of drugs for rheumatic diseases].

PMID- 3878822
TI  - [Colloid osmotic pressure and extravascular lung water following extracorporeal
      circulation].
AB  - With regard to Starling's equation, two factors are important for fluid
      regulation in pulmonary tissue: colloid osmotic pressure (COP) and hydrostatic
      pressure (PCP). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between
      COP, COP-PCP-gradient and extravascular lung water (EVLW) immediately after
      extracorporeal circulation (ECC). 39 consenting patients undergoing elective
      aorto-coronary bypass surgery received 1000 ml washed erythrocytes (w.e.; cell
      saver) +400 ml fresh frozen plasma (FFP) after ECC. Additionally, group I (n =
      15) received 300 ml albumin 20%, group II (n = 13) 500 ml plasmaexpander (3% HES
      200/0.5) and group III (n = 11) no more volume. At three different times,
      measurement of EVLW was performed by using double-indicator-dilution technique
      with indocyanine green and a microprocessed lung water computer: 15 minutes after
      ECC (before infusion), 45 minutes after ECC (after infusion), five hours after
      ECC. Application of 20% albumin led to a significant increase in COP (+67%) which
      was less pronounced in group II (+40%) and group III (+41%). Simultaneously, the
      most pronounced increase in EVLW could be observed in group I (+25%) as well.
      Pulmonary gas exchange in group I was more compromised (PaO2 -72 mmHg) than in
      group II (-38 mmHg) and group III (-50 mmHg). No correlation between EVLW and COP
      PCP-gradient could be observed. In spite of a significant elevation of COP by
      using 20% albumin solution, EVLW increased with subsequent deterioration of
      pulmonary gas exchange. The presented data demonstrate no advantage of albumin
      20%; if volume substitution is necessary after ECC, low concentrated
      plasmaexpanders (up to 10 ml/kg b.w.) may be preferred for several reasons.

PMID- 3878823
TI  - Useful marker of hemolytic complement activity (CH50) for the diagnosis of severe
      acute hepatitis.

PMID- 3878824
TI  - Arteritis and venulitis in systemic lupus erythematosus resulting in massive
      lower intestinal haemorrhage.
AB  - A case of systemic lupus erythematosus with massive haemorrhage from the colon is
      described. Histological examination showed ulceration of the mucosa of the
      ascending colon with necrotizing vasculitis of the submucosal veins. Adjacent
      arteries were normal apart from one which had ruptured on the surface of an
      ulcer. This is the first clearly documented case of colonic venulitis in systemic
      lupus erythematosus and the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal
      haemorrhage in this disease is discussed.

PMID- 3878825
TI  - Prostaglandin E2 induces receptive behaviors in female Xenopus laevis.
AB  - The object of this study was to examine the effects of exogenous and endogenous
      prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the sexual behavior of female South African clawed
      frogs, Xenopus laevis. Ticking and leg extension, which communicate sexual
      unreceptivity to males, were studied in intact, ovariectomized, and
      ovariectomized-oviductectomized females. The onset of the PGE2 behavioral effect
      occurs within 30 sec to 3 min of injection for intact and ovariectomized females;
      for ovariectomized-oviductectomized females, the latency period for the effect
      ranges from 10-20 min. PGE2 induced receptivity in doses as low as 0.03
      microgram/frog. Injection of the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, indomethacin
      and flurbiprofen (FBP), blocked chorionic gonadotropin- (HCG-) induced behavioral
      receptivity, suggesting that endogenous prostaglandin synthesis may have a role
      in regulating female sexual behavior. Flurbiprofen blockade of HCG-induced
      receptivity was reversed by PGE2 administration, suggesting that FBP's effects
      are PG synthesis-specific.

PMID- 3878826
TI  - Changes in intravascular complement, kininogen, and histamine during Jarisch
      Herxheimer reaction in secondary syphilis.
AB  - Nine patients with secondary syphilis and one control subject were observed for
      eight hours after the administration of penicillin. Serial clinical observations
      were made, and blood samples were obtained for the analysis of complement,
      histamine, and kininogen. Six patients showed Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions, the
      intensities of which were found to parallel certain changes in activity of
      complement and concentrations of histamine and kininogen. Results were analysed
      statistically. Significant falls were seen in: total haemolytic complement
      (CH50), C1 inhibitor, C3, functional (haemolytic) C4, and to a lesser extent
      total C4. Split products of C3 were shown in five of the six patients who had a
      reaction. There was no change in total glycine rich beta-glycoprotein (GBG) or
      glycine rich gamma-glycoprotein (GGG) or evidence of conversion of GBG to GGG.
      Plasma kininogen concentrations fell and plasma histamine concentrations rose
      appreciably before and during the clinical phase of the reaction. These results
      are discussed in relation to the clinical features and possible pathogenic
      mechanisms of the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction.

PMID- 3878827
TI  - Dual effect of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) on murine thymocyte cultures.
AB  - 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a potent tumor promoter, was found
      to have a dual effect on interleukin 1-(IL 1) stimulated murine thymocyte
      cultures. In the absence of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) or other sulfhydryl
      containing compounds, PMA inhibited 3H-thymidine incorporation, while at the same
      concentrations but in the presence of sulfhydryl agents, PMA exerted a potent
      stimulatory effect. The other sulfhydryl compounds giving effects resembling 2-ME
      were dithiothreitol and cysteine, while glutathione and various oxygen radical
      scavengers (catalase, superoxide dismutase, histidine, alpha-tocopherol or
      mannitol) had no such effect. 2-ME enhanced the response of thymocytes incubated
      with PMA even when added 24 h after initiation of the cultures, but not at the 48
      h interval. Harvesting the thymocyte cultures at various intervals showed that
      the inhibitory effect of PMA was already fully pronounced 48 h after initiation
      of the cultures. On the other hand, the stimulatory effect of PMA on cultures
      activated with IL 1 in the presence of 2-ME took place mainly during the last 24
      h of the 72-h culture period. The modulation of the effect of PMA on thymocyte
      activation by 2-ME or similar agents may account for the apparent discrepancies
      in the literature concerning the action of PMA in lymphocyte cultures.

PMID- 3878828
TI  - Studies on thymocyte subpopulations in guinea pigs. VI. Differentiation of
      precursor cells in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - The relation between six subpopulations of guinea pig thymocytes, separated on
      the basis of PNA binding and buoyant density, was studied. Incubation in vitro of
      either unseparated thymocytes or isolated large, low density cells, caused a
      shift towards smaller cells with high buoyant density. In order to determine
      whether these changes reflect a normal differentiation we pulsed labelled
      thymocytes with 3H-Thymidine and traced the labelling in the separate
      subpopulations after different intervals by autoradiography. Both in vivo and in
      vitro, the thymidine was initially incorporated mainly into PNA+ cells (85% of
      all labelled cells), particularly into PNA+ low-density cells (called PNA+Ia),
      which constitute 14% of all thymus cells (1). Correlation with autoradiographic
      sections of the thymus indicated that these cells were mainly located in the
      subcapsular and juxtamedullary cortex. At 24 h after labelling in vivo, more than
      95% of the labelled cells were smaller, high density cells, both PNA+ and PNA-.
      At this time, labelled cells were present throughout the thymus with no
      preferential localization. Labelling and incubation in vitro were accompanied by
      similar changes after a 24-h time period when cells were cultured in the presence
      of serum. We conclude that the labelled PNA+Ia cells represent precursor cells,
      located in the subcapsular and juxtamedullary parts of the cortex. Within 24 h
      these cells differentiate into high density cells, some of which are PNA-. The
      corresponding results obtained in vitro indicate that these differentiation steps
      may also occur in the absence of a thymic microenvironment, and the study of
      histological sections indicate that these steps were not associated with any
      major relocalization within the thymus.

PMID- 3878829
TI  - Thymus-dependent increase in number of T cells in parathymic lymph nodes induced
      by the biscoclaurine alkaloid, cepharanthine.
AB  - In mice treated with cepharanthine (Cepha), a biscoclaurine alkaloid, the number
      of T cells was increased in the parathymic lymph nodes (PtLNs) which are
      considered to be the specialized lymph nodes in local differentiation of T cells.
      Such PtLN cells exhibited augmented proliferative responses to T cell mitogens
      and exogenous interleukin 2 (IL 2) and showed a great ability to produce IL2,
      which suggests an increase in mature T cells in the PtLN. However, such increases
      in the number of T cells and in the mitogen response were not observed in adult
      thymectomized mice. A low level of plasma prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was observed in
      Cepha-treated mice. Replenishment of the PGE2 in such mice with exogenous PGE2
      prevented the increase in T cells in the PtLN. These results suggest that the
      migration of mature T cells from the thymus to PtLN is increased by Cepha and
      that Cepha is able to regulate their traffic by a prostaglandin-mediated system.

PMID- 3878830
TI  - Production of collagen synthesis inhibitory lymphokine by human leukemic T
      lymphocyte cell lines.
AB  - It has been previously shown that normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      produce a soluble factor(s) that causes selective inhibition of collagen
      production by cultured human diploid fibroblasts, and that stimulation of the
      mononuclear cells by appropriate mitogens greatly enhances its production.
      Because of the difficulties inherent in obtaining sufficient peripheral blood
      lymphocytes to purify the collagen synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF) further and
      to study in detail its mechanisms of action, we have examined CSIF production by
      several leukemic human T- and B-lymphocyte cell lines. From the 10 lines tested
      (4 T- and 6 B-lymphocyte cell lines), we found 2 T-lymphocyte cell lines which
      produced CSIF constitutively. When the effects of various lymphocyte mitogens on
      CSIF production by these cell lines were examined, it was found that only phorbol
      myristic acid was stimulatory. Further studies demonstrated that optimal CSIF
      production by the phorbol myristic acid-stimulated leukemic T-lymphocytes could
      be achieved in a chemically defined, serum-free medium. The CSIF in the
      supernatants from such cultures was further purified by ammonium sulfate
      precipitation and gel filtration chromatography and it was shown that it had
      similar properties to those of CSIF produced by normal human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes. These findings indicate that certain leukemic T-lymphocyte cell
      lines are capable of CSIF production in continuous cultures. These results will
      permit the large scale production of CSIF and a better understanding of its
      mechanisms of action.

PMID- 3878831
TI  - Splenic macrophages: antigen presenting cells for T1-2 antigens.
AB  - Thymus-independent antigens type 2 (T1-2) such as DNP-Ficoll or DNP-hydroxyethyl
      starch are selectively retained in mice and rats by a distinct population of
      macrophages in the marginal zone of the white pulp of the spleen and in the
      marginal sinus and septa and medulla of lymph nodes. There is suggestive evidence
      that the antibody response to the haptenic determinants, which is rapid in onset
      and persists for many weeks, is largely made by a sessile subpopulation of B
      cells in the spleen marginal zone characterized by the presence of surface IgM
      but lacking IgD. Splenectomy in adult mice, rats and humans greatly diminishes
      and delays the antibody response to DNP-Ficoll, but has no such effect on the
      response to thymus-dependent, or (in mice) to T1-1 immunogens. In humans, if DNP
      Ficoll had been administered prior to splenectomy, a normal antibody response was
      made when the antigen was readministered after splenectomy, indicating that once
      the responding B cells had been stimulated they were no longer confined to the
      spleen. Experiments in mice showed that after elimination of B cells by
      irradiation, responsiveness to T1-2 antigens could be restored by spleen cells
      isolated as single-cell suspensions provided that the architecture of the spleen
      remained, but could not be restored if the mice had been splenectomized. This
      implies that both the spleen B cells and the marginal zone macrophages are
      required.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3878832
TI  - alpha-1-Antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, actin, and myosin in uterine
      sarcomas.
AB  - Fourteen cases of mixed mullerian tumour (MMT) of the endometrium, six stromal
      sarcomas, five uterine leiomyosarcomas, and five leiomyomas were examined, using
      an immunoperoxidase technique, for the presence of alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT),
      alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (A1ACT), actin, and myosin. In addition, six cases of
      endometrial adenocarcinoma were examined for the presence of A1AT and A1ACT.
      Eleven MMT were positive for A1AT and 13 for A1ACT. All stromal sarcomas, four
      adenocarcinomas, four leiomyomas, and three leiomyosarcomas were positive for
      both. All leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas were positive for myosin as were seven.
      MMT and three stromal sarcomas. Four leiomyomas, four leiomyosarcomas, six MMT,
      and three stromal sarcomas were positive for actin. These findings are related to
      those in the normal uterus and their practical and theoretical significance
      discussed.

PMID- 3878833
TI  - Detection of cerebral metastases by radionuclide dynamic and static images:
      recent experiences.
AB  - Using a gamma camera and image processing, 140 patients with known cerebral
      metastases had static images obtained after i.v. 99mTc-(Sn)-DTPA. Of these, 94.3%
      showed one or more lesions. A total of 120 of the patients had cerebral dynamic
      studies. Only 55.8% of these had abnormalities on the dynamic sequence. These
      values are not too dissimilar from prior studies using older equipment. The
      results suggest the need for additional radiopharmaceuticals for following
      cerebral dynamic and static events, since more recent equipment has not shown a
      major increase in detection.

PMID- 3878834
TI  - Development of myocardial perfusion tracers for positron emission tomography.
AB  - Six positron-emitting cations were investigated as possible perfusion tracers:
      [13N]NH4, 38K, 51Mn, 52mMn, 81Rb, and 82Rb. Aspects of the production of the
      radionuclides and their separations from the irradiated target materials were
      addressed. The thick target, saturated yields of several nuclear reactions
      leading to these radionuclides were studied theoretically and experimentally in
      the energy range 6-10 MeV. A figure-of-merit describing the production aspects of
      each tracer was calculated, and tomographic imaging results in normal human
      subjects were reported.

PMID- 3878835
TI  - Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and oxy-radical scavenger activity of imidazole and
      imidazole derivatives.
AB  - The author describes the recent work of his laboratory on imidazole. It increased
      the analgesic effects of morphine, and rivalled acetylsalicylic acid as an
      analgesic antipyretic agent. At 160 mg/kg, imidazole protected rats against
      indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers. It was equal to acetylsalicylic acid in
      reducing carrageenan inflammation, and was superior to it as anti-arthritic drug.
      Imidazole 2-hydroxybenzoate caused 36% inhibition of synovial fluid
      depolymerization.

PMID- 3878836
TI  - Ophthalmoplegia plus, an electro-oculographic study.
AB  - To find out whether the central structures governing conjugate eye movements are
      affected in ophthalmoplegia plus (OP), we conducted an electro-oculographic study
      in 6 patients suffering from OP with varying degrees of extraocular involvement
      and with mitochondrial changes in the skeletal musculature. All the patients
      presented alterations of the smooth pursuit and saccadic movements, of
      optokinetic nystagmus as well as of the vestibular reflexes and of
      visuovestibular interaction, thus confirming impairment of the central oculomotor
      structures and particularly of those of the archicerebellum and brainstem. These
      data suggest a supranuclear component in the pathogenesis of ophthalmoplegia and
      are in accord with the findings of brainstem spongiosis in OP, which in turn seem
      to express a multisystem pathological state of the mitochondria.

PMID- 3878837
TI  - Visits to the physician: an evaluation of the usual-source effect.
AB  - Having a regular or usual source for medical care has frequently been found to be
      an important correlate of ambulatory visits to the physician. However, it remains
      unclear whether having a usual source is a determinant of visits, a consequence
      of visits, or both. This article addresses the question, how do these alternative
      theoretical relationships affect estimates of the relative impact of having a
      usual source on illness-related visits? The empirical results of a household
      interview survey generally support the significance of a usual-source variable as
      a determinant of illness-related visits, but they indicate that use of a single
      equation-estimation technique may overestimate the magnitude of this effect.

PMID- 3878838
TI  - A model for signal transmission in an ear having hair cells with free-standing
      stereocilia. II. Macromechanical stage.
AB  - A model of the signal-processing properties of the macromechanical system of the
      alligator-lizard middle and inner ear is developed. The model is based on
      measurements (as a function of tone frequency) of ossicular and basilar-membrane
      motion and of acoustic input-admittance at the tympanic membrane before and after
      alterations of middle-ear and inner-ear structures. From the structure of the
      ear, we formulate an equivalent electric network consisting of six admittance
      blocks and two transformers. The admittance blocks represent the mechanical
      properties of particular structures, e.g. the tympanic membrane (TM), the
      ossicle, the TM-ossicular joint, the vestibule, the basilar membrane and the
      helicotrema. The transformers represent the conversions from acoustical to
      mechanical variables performed by the TM-ossicular system and by the columella
      footplate. The block admittances and transformer ratios are inferred from the
      measurements, and each admittance is approximated by a network with a few simple
      elements. The resulting model fits the experimental results satisfactorily,
      allows correlations between specific structures and response behavior, and
      predicts the macromechanical transfer function. This transfer function acts as
      the first stage of a model of the alligator-lizard auditory periphery (Weiss et
      al., Weiss and Leong, 1985, Hearing Res. 20, 131-138, 157-174, 175-195). In the
      model the frequency dependence of basilar-membrane motion (1) is determined
      primarily by the tympanic membrane and extracolumella in the middle frequencies
      and (2) is affected by the helicotrema at low frequencies and the TM-ossicular
      joint at high frequencies.

PMID- 3878839
TI  - Tonotopic organization in human auditory cortex revealed by positron emission
      tomography.
AB  - Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to map alterations in local neuronal
      activity induced in human primary auditory cortex by pure-tone stimulation.
      Patterns of blood flow were observed in specific regions on the superior temporal
      plane showing systematic changes in activity depending on the frequency of a
      stimulating pure tone. The orientation of these regions agrees well with data for
      non-human primates.

PMID- 3878840
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic identification of beta-lactam antibiotics
      produced by dermatophytes.
AB  - Thirteen of 48 dermatophyte isolates were found by bioassay to produce beta
      lactam antibiotics and seven produced other antibiotics. Estimation and detection
      of specific beta-lactams in culture broths by derivatization and HPLC was only
      possible following concentration and extraction procedures. Analysis of the
      concentrated broths demonstrated the production of penicillin X and penicillin G
      by two Trichophyton mentagrophytes strains and by one Microsporum canis strain;
      one further T. mentagrophytes strain produced only penicillin X. Additions of the
      beta-lactam side-chain precursors, phenylacetic acid and phenoxyacetic acid, to
      fermentation media failed to increase the antibiotic titres.

PMID- 3878841
TI  - Anchorage-independent growth of normal human mesothelial cells: a sensitive
      bioassay for EGF which discloses the absence of this factor in fetal calf serum.
AB  - This laboratory recently reported that normal human mesothelial cells require
      epidermal growth factor (EGF) and hydrocortisone (HC), in addition to fetal calf
      serum and a complex defined medium component, in order to grow optimally in
      surface culture. We report here that this normal cell type also forms large
      colonies at high efficiency in semi-solid medium, but exhibits more stringent
      serum and EGF requirements for anchorage-independent than for surface growth.
      Mesothelial cells are unable to divide at all in semi-solid medium without added
      EGF or with less than 2% serum, whereas they grow slowly but progressively in
      surface culture under such conditions. In semi-solid medium containing 20% serum
      and HC, mesothelial cells are stimulated to divide by the addition of as little
      as 30 pg/ml purified EGF. Human urine or male mouse plasma could substitute for
      purified EGF, yielding growth commensurate with the levels of EGF in these
      biological fluids previously measured by others using radioreceptor and
      radioimmune assays. Thus growth of mesothelial cells in semi-solid medium can
      serve as a highly sensitive assay of EGF biological activity which is unaffected
      by the presence of serum proteins. In addition, our results demonstrate that
      fetal calf serum does not provide mitogenic levels of EGF to cultured cells,
      raising the question of the identity of plasma and serum mitogens.

PMID- 3878842
TI  - Development and performance characteristics of a new vascular graft.

PMID- 3878843
TI  - Subependymal metastases of an extracranial malignancy.
AB  - We report a patient in whom subependymal metastases from a primary lung cancer
      were demonstrated by computed tomography of the head and in whom tissue
      correlation became available. To our knowledge, no such patient has previously
      been reported.

PMID- 3878844
TI  - [Massive rectal hemorrhage by colonic fistulization of a pancreatitis lesion].
AB  - Rectal hemorrhage of massive proportions in 4 patients was due to vascular
      erosion of a necrotic pancreatitis focus, and fistulization at the splenic angle
      of colon. This serious complication may arise during the course of acute
      pancreatitis or an acute episode of chronic pancreatitis. A literature review
      showed 22 similar cases reported. Diagnosis is suggested by the discovery of a
      stenosis of colon in a case of pancreatitis, and can be confirmed by emergency
      arteriography or operative findings. Hemorrhage is usually from the splenic
      artery but erosion of a left renal artery has been described. Treatment is by
      embolization during angiography followed by drainage of the pancreatic necrosis
      and a colon bypass operation, or by splenopancreatectomy combined with colectomy.
      Use of these two procedures led to recovery in the 4 cases reported.

PMID- 3878845
TI  - Purification of human urinary colony-stimulating factor by high-performance
      liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3878846
TI  - Ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography of mouse epidermal growth
      factor and its congeners: mobile phase optimization with ion-pairing additives.

PMID- 3878847
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for quantitation of pentamidine in
      blood serum.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure has been developed for the
      determination of pentamidine concentrations in serum samples. A microbore,
      reversed-phase column was used with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and
      water with sodium heptanesulfonate and triethylamine as modifiers. Pentamidine
      could be extracted from serum only by the addition of an ion-pairing agent, di(2
      ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid, to the chloroform used for extraction. The method
      can be used to reliably detect levels as low as 5 ng/ml. The pentamidine
      concentration in the serum of eleven patients 24 h after their tenth daily dose
      of pentamidine averaged 60 +/- 34 ng/ml.

PMID- 3878848
TI  - Heterogeneity of immune defects in three children with a chronic active Epstein
      Barr virus infection.
AB  - Three children, all girls, showed long-lasting clinical and serologic evidence of
      chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Extremely high serum titers of
      IgG- and IgA-type VCA antibodies and EA antibodies were present, whereas EBNA
      antibody titers were in the range of those found in seropositive individuals. All
      three patients repeatedly showed the presence of nonspecific pokeweed mitogen
      (PWM)-activatable suppressor cells in the peripheral blood. The analysis of EBV
      specific cytotoxic T cells showed that one patient exhibited normal cytotoxicity,
      whereas a second patient demonstrated no EBV-specific cytotoxicity together with
      unusually high levels of virus-infected B cells in the blood and lymph node. The
      third patient repeatedly showed refractoriness of the circulating B cells to EBV
      infection, probably on the basis of some developmental defect. It was concluded
      that each patient has his or her own peculiar defect in the virus-host balance,
      indicating that heterogeneity may underlie the syndrome of chronic active EBV
      infection in humans.

PMID- 3878850
TI  - Ultrastructure of the olfactory neuron of the bullfrog: the dendrite and its
      microtubules.
AB  - The ciliated dendritic bulb of the olfactory neuron of the bullfrog was studied
      with the electron microscope, with emphasis on microtubular elements. Methods
      used included various fixation procedures with and without detergent extraction,
      serial sectioning, microtubule polarity assays, and an assay to demonstrate F
      actin. Structural continuity exists, via microtubules, between the ciliary
      membrane and the perikaryon of the neuron. One type of structural link connects
      the distal end of the basal body to the plasma membrane and, in slightly oblique
      cross sections of the basal body, the link shows a highly characteristic
      tripartite profile resembling a claw hammer. The six to ten basal bodies of a
      dendritic bulb have a lateral foot that serves as an organizing center for
      microtubules, and these microtubules (totaling about 150) extend toward the
      perikaryon in the basal half of the epithelium. Polarity assays indicate that the
      attached or minus ends of dendritic microtubules are in the dendritic bulb, with
      their plus or fast-growing ends near or within the perikaryon of the neuron. It
      is shown that dendritic microtubules are depolymerized by direct osmium tetroxide
      fixation, in contrast to olfactory axonal microtubules, which persist after such
      fixation. F-actin appears to be abundantly present in the dendritic bulb of the
      neuron, and it is possible that this actin could play a role in shape changes of
      the dendrite. The various findings provide new information about the olfactory
      dendrite, its microtubule organizing centers, and the nature and relationships of
      its microtubules.

PMID- 3878849
TI  - Correlation of serum immunoglobulin subclass concentrations with antibody
      responses of children to immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b
      polysaccharide-pertussis vaccine.
AB  - Children less than 24 months of age respond poorly to immunization with the
      capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b. Because human
      antibodies to polysaccharide antigens are relatively restricted to IgG2, a late
      maturing subclass, we examined the relationship between serum subclass
      concentrations and anticapsular antibody responses of 41 healthy children, 9 to
      38 months of age, following immunization with type b polysaccharide mixed with
      pertussis vaccine. Both total and IgG anticapsular antibody responses correlated
      significantly with preimmune serum concentrations of IgG2 but not with those if
      IgG1. This correlation was age dependent, however, and after the effect of age
      was removed by partial correlation, the correlation between anticapsular antibody
      responses and serum IgG2 concentrations was no longer significant. These findings
      indicate that the ability to respond to this vaccine coincides with maturation of
      the ability to secrete immunoglobulin of the IgG2 subclass; however, individual
      variation in IgG2 that is independent of age does not correlate with antibody
      response to the type b polysaccharide.

PMID- 3878851
TI  - Continuous intragastric pH measurement in the critically ill and treatment with
      parenteral ranitidine.
AB  - Continuous measurement of gastric pH using a flexible pH electrode attached to a
      NG tube was performed in nineteen critically ill patients. The gastric pH
      readings correlated well with hourly intermittent pH values using indicator
      strips. Hypotension, physiotherapy and septicaemia was consistently associated
      with falls in gastric pH. A continuous infusion of Ranitidine, a H2-receptor
      antagonist, was titrated against the continuously measured gastric pH in an
      attempt to keep it above a pH of 4. This was successfully achieved in sixteen of
      the nineteen patients using widely variable doses of Ranitidine. The three
      patients whose gastric pH remained low all had severe septicaemia.

PMID- 3878852
TI  - The yield of diagnostic upper endoscopy: results of a prospective audit.
AB  - Because of its widespread availability and the generally increasing economic
      pressure, endoscopy needs critical scrutiny to establish appropriate clinical
      guidelines. We carried out a prospective evaluation of 200 consecutive upper
      gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopies to ascertain the frequency of abnormal findings
      when specific indications were the impetus to endoscopy. Those indications were
      esophageal complaints, upper GI bleeding, abdominal discomfort, known
      premalignant disorders and abnormal findings on barium meal. The overall
      frequency of abnormal findings for all indications was 66%. Abnormal endoscopic
      findings were most often present when upper GI bleeding or premalignant
      conditions (88 and 87%, respectively) were reasons for endoscopy. Endoscopic
      confirmation of lesions seen on barium meal was 64%. Only 37% of patients
      endoscoped for abdominal discomfort had abnormal findings. Moreover, as symptoms
      resolved in 70% of such patients within 1 to 9 weeks, the low yield of endoscopy
      suggests that our current threshold for endoscopy in this setting may be too low.
      Refinement of the indications for and reassessment of the timing of endoscopy are
      needed.

PMID- 3878853
TI  - Percutaneous central venous catheters--a continuum of use.
AB  - Percutaneous central venous catheterization provides access for volume
      replacement and hemodynamic monitoring. This study reviewed 119 percutaneous
      central venous catheterizations in 112 patients over a 12-month period. All
      catheters were placed by emergency department (ED) physicians or housestaff under
      their direct guidance. Pneumothorax occurred in three patients and required chest
      tube insertion in one patient. Eighty-seven patients were admitted to the
      critical care units directly from the ED. In 26 (30%) patients, the central lines
      were converted to pulmonary artery catheters. Nineteen patients were admitted
      directly to the operating room, where the central venous line was used for volume
      replacement and monitoring. Postoperatively, five (26%) of these were converted
      to pulmonary artery catheters. Central venous catheters can be placed in patients
      percutaneously in the emergency department with minimal morbidity. They provide
      initial access to the central circulation for resuscitation and subsequently can
      be converted to pulmonary artery catheters for hemodynamic monitoring.

PMID- 3878854
TI  - Haemophilus influenzae: the current status of its in vitro susceptibility to
      antimicrobials.
AB  - Continuous surveillance of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of strains
      of Haemophilus influenzae (H. i.) is part of a routine surveillance of bacterial
      sensitivity to antibiotics. In this study a major attention was given to the
      clinically important antimicrobials used in the treatments of H. i. infections,
      namely ampicillin, chloramphenicol and some cephalosporin preparations.
      Antimicrobial susceptibility determinations carried out in 1983 and before on
      H.i. strains isolated in different Czech regions show a clear-cut tendency
      towards the higher incidence of strains resistant to ampicillin and its
      derivative amoxycillin. The rise in resistance to erythromycin was also observed.
      Susceptibility to chloramphenicol continues to remain unchanged. Of the
      cephalosporin antimicrobials tested (cephalothin, ceftriaxone, cefaperazone,
      cefsulodine and cefadroxil) the most active were ceftriaxone and cefaperazone.
      The need of a further continuation of surveillance of H.i. drug susceptibility
      patterns is strongly emphasized; to ensure effective treatment results
      antibiograms should be done in each case of H.i. infection.

PMID- 3878855
TI  - Therapy of peritoneal murine cancer with biological response modifiers.
AB  - We have used a murine renal adenocarcinoma of spontaneous origin (Renca)
      inplanted in the peritoneal cavity to study the therapeutic potential of
      biological response modifiers (BRMs) used alone or in conjunction with
      chemotherapy. This tumor model is therapeutically challenging since following
      intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, the tumor grows progressively with hemorrhagic
      ascites, abdominal metastases to lymph nodes, liver, spleen, most serous
      membranes, and, in some animals, metastases to extra-abdominal sites (lungs). In
      the absence of therapy, death invariably occurs within 36 +/- 2 days. The tumor
      is efficiently lysed in 4 hours by peritoneal cells isolated from mice treated
      with BRMs. Both MVE-2 and rIL-2 significantly increased the survival time of
      tumor-bearing mice, but only treatment with MVE-2 led to definite cures of i.p.
      Renca. A single i.p. injection of MVE-2 cured 20% of the tumor-bearing mice,
      while repeated i.p. administration of this drug at 12 day intervals cured 70% of
      i.p. Renca-bearing mice. Combined therapy with doxorubicin hydrochloride and a
      single dose of MVE-2 cured 90% of tumor-bearing animals. The superior therapeutic
      efficiency of MVE-2 compared to that of the rIL-2 may be due to its ability,
      after i.p. inoculation, to generate and maintain high levels of cytotoxic
      effector cell activity for an elevated period of time within the peritoneal cell
      population. Additionally, MVE-2 augments effector cell activity in the liver,
      lungs, spleen, and blood and may therefore more efficiently interfere with
      metastasis formation in those compartments. The additive effects of MVE-2 and the
      chemotherapeutic agent suggest that more effective therapy may be achieved by the
      combination of immunotherapy with BRMs with chemotherapeutic drugs.

PMID- 3878856
TI  - Serum alpha 1-antitrypsin activity in ischaemic heart disease.

PMID- 3878857
TI  - [A case of angina pectoris with hypothyroidism resulting in unstable angina
      during minimal hypothyroid therapy--pre-operative preparation with intra- and
      post-operative courses].

PMID- 3878858
TI  - Geographical variations in the occurrence of leprosy: possible roles played by
      nutrition and some other environmental factors.
AB  - The considerable variation in leprosy prevalence among 35 villages and field
      areas in South India was compared with variations in their socioeconomic and
      nutritional conditions. Using villages/field areas and aggregates thereof as
      observational units, leprosy prevalence rates were found to be significantly
      lower in field areas than in villages. Moreover, there was a significant
      correlation between the occurrence of malnutrition in children 1 to 4 years of
      age and the prevalence of leprosy. The possible association between the
      occurrence of malnutrition in childhood and leprosy is discussed in light of the
      present knowledge of leprosy, immunocompetence, and malnutrition. Strategies for
      further illumination of the hypothesized importance of malnutrition among
      children are discussed.

PMID- 3878859
TI  - Double-stranded DNA inhibits cardiolipin-binding activity in lepromatous leprosy
      patients' sera.

PMID- 3878860
TI  - Pattern-deficient forelimb regeneration in adult bullfrogs.
AB  - This study was designed to test the ability of adult bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana)
      to regenerate forelimbs, both with and without various experimental treatments.
      Distal humerus-level forelimb amputations provided with additional deviated
      (sciatic) nerve and/or repeated soft-tissue injury exhibited considerable
      outgrowth. However, control sham-operated forelimbs also produced regenerates
      with comparable frequency, size, and morphological complexity. The lengths of the
      regenerates ranged from 0.4 to 2.6 cm, representing an outgrowth of 10-65% of the
      portion removed by the distal humerus amputation plane; some regenerates
      exhibited an external morphology indicative of digitlike structures. Some
      outgrowths were flexible but only one was capable of independent movement.
      Victoria Blue staining of whole regenerates revealed a variety of internal
      cartilage elements. Staining showed a single solid mass of cartilage in some
      regenerates while others had several individual and variably shaped cartilages
      projecting distally. Histological analysis also revealed the presence of
      connective tissue, striated muscle, and abundant nerve fibers in addition to the
      individual cartilage elements. We have tentatively termed these responses pattern
      deficient regeneration.

PMID- 3878861
TI  - A phase II study of Catrix-S in solid tumors.
AB  - Catrix-S is an acidic mucopolysaccharide complex derived from bovine tracheal
      cartilage. This material was administered by weekly subcutaneous injection (5.0
      7.5 g/week) to nine patients with progressive metastatic malignancy. One complete
      response was seen in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the lungs.
      Eight patients had progression of their disease. No undue toxicity and no
      consistent immunologic alteration was noted.

PMID- 3878862
TI  - Effects of poly(I,C)-LC on growth and differentiation of normal and malignant
      myelopoietic progenitor cells.
AB  - Polyriboinosinic-polycytidylic acid with poly-L-lysine stabilized with
      carboxymethylcellulose [poly(I,C)-LC] augmented, in a dose- and time-dependent
      manner, secretion of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) by peritoneal macrophages (M
      phi) and bone marrow cells (BMC). Optimal effects were found after 2 days of in
      vitro culture of the cells with 50 micrograms/ml of poly(I,C)-LC or 14 h to 3
      days after a single intraperitoneal injection of 1-2 mg/kg of poly(I,C)-LC into
      normal mice. The increase in CSF secretion by M phi and BMC was paralleled in
      vivo by an increase in serum CSF levels, followed by a rise in committed
      granulocyte and M phi progenitor cells (GM-CFU-C), nucleated BMC, and blood
      leukocytes of myelomonocytic origin. Poly(I,C)-LC at doses greater than 4 mg/kg,
      however, were strongly myelosuppressive. In vitro treatment of undifferentiated
      myelomonocytic leukemia cells from the WEHI-3B cell line with 10-1,000
      micrograms/ml of poly(I,C)-LC resulted in a significant increase in CSF secretion
      by the leukemic cells and a concomitant inhibition of their proliferation.
      Incubation of cells from the WEHI-3B D+ subline, which differentiate in response
      to GM-CSF or G-CSF, with 50-100 micrograms/ml poly(I,C)-LC in agar cultures
      induced in approximately 45% of the leukemic colonies a differentiation into
      granulocytes and/or M phi. Poly(I,C)-LC, however, had no effect on
      differentiation of cells from the CSF unresponsive WEHI-3B D- subline. The CSF
      inducing biological response modifier poly(I,C)-LC thus has the potential to
      stimulate growth and differentiation of normal, as well as differentiation of
      malignant myelopoietic progenitor cells.

PMID- 3878863
TI  - Laminar profile of resistivity in frog retina.
AB  - Measurements of absolute transretinal resistance and of the relative resistance
      of the various retinal layers were obtained in the frog. The resistance of
      clamped sections of isolated retina was 66 omega . cm2, which results in an
      average resistivity (rho) between inner and outer limiting membranes of 5,050
      omega . cm. In eyecups, relative resistances (obtained by passing constant
      currents across the retina) were assigned to specific layers of the retina with
      the aid of physiological criteria (e.g., depths of light-evoked field potentials,
      changes in extracellular K+ concentration, base-line noise level, and
      resistance). These relative resistances were then converted to absolute values, a
      calculation feasible because the region between inner and outer limiting
      membranes, which has the same structure in both isolated and eyecup retinas,
      could be specified during experiments. Resistivities (in omega . cm) for the
      retinal layers include 1) subretinal space, 970; 2) inner and outer nuclear
      layers, 6,800; and 3) inner plexiform layer, 1,750. The ganglion cell and optic
      nerve fiber layers were too thin to resolve individually, but rho of the two
      layers combined was 7,900. The outer plexiform layer was also too thin to
      reliably resolve, but its rho is likely the same as the inner plexiform layer.
      The extracellular space volume fraction (alpha) of the retinal layers was
      estimated from these rho s, and the following values were obtained: 1) subretinal
      space, 0.12; 2) outer and inner nuclear layers, 0.03; 3) inner and outer
      plexiform layers, 0.11; and 4) ganglion cell and optic nerve fiber layers, 0.02.
      The decreased rho and increased alpha of the inner plexiform layer and the
      subretinal space, compared with that of the nuclear layers, are expected from
      their anatomy. A consideration of these inhomogeneities is required in analyses
      of field potentials and of changes in extracellular ionic concentrations.

PMID- 3878865
TI  - [Observation of arm-tonus-reaction by electrical recording method].

PMID- 3878864
TI  - Abdominal pathology in spinal cord injured persons.
AB  - The assessment and management of abdominal disease in persons with spinal cord
      injuries is extremely complex. Alterations in the normal conduction of impulses
      to the brain can result in symptoms that may be quite unlike those which are
      commonly associated with abdominal pathology. A number of features, however, have
      been identified which can assist the practitioner in the interpretation of the
      clinical evaluation. This article discusses those findings and the most commonly
      occurring abdominal disorders in which they are seen. Two case studies are
      presented which exemplify the symptomatology described and which reinforce the
      need for early accurate diagnosis and management of abdominal disease in spinal
      cord injured persons.

PMID- 3878866
TI  - Permanency of gait improvement induced by vestibular stimulation in the mutant
      mouse staggerer.
AB  - Among the several methods that have been used to investigate the impact of
      environmental enrichment, on the behavior of an animal, the use of behaviorally
      deficient mutant mice has been especially useful. The use of this model allows
      one to investigate functional recovery compared to a known baseline (the normal
      animal) without the trauma and imprecision associated with surgical intervention.
      The present study extends a previous investigation that demonstrated a
      significant improvement in certain measures of the gait of the cerebellar mutant
      mouse staggerer, as a result of daily vestibular, muscular and visual
      stimulation. The results of the present study concerned the durability of that
      observed improvement. No clear-cut conclusion as to the permanency of the
      stimulation's effects could be drawn, because results differed according to the
      measures used. When tested two months after the end of the stimulation period the
      mutants ran more slowly, with as many "errors" as unstimulated mutants, leading
      one to infer a deleterious effect of the stimulation. On the other hand, if one
      considers only the number of "errors" during the test, one may conclude that
      early stimulation has a permanent advantageous effect of increasing the
      staggerer's receptivity to further stimulation. Other measures lead to more
      ambiguous conclusions. Finally, it is argued that even though true improvement in
      the staggerer's gait can be inferred from these results, and that at least some
      aspects of that improvement seem to be long-lasting, the generality of the
      findings cannot validly be extended beyond the precise experimental conditions.

PMID- 3878867
TI  - Esophageal sclerotherapy: an effective modality in children.
AB  - During the past five years, sclerotherapy has been used at our institution in 13
      children for the management of recurrent major variceal bleeding. The varices
      were secondary to extrahepatic portal hypertension in seven patients and to
      intrahepatic portal hypertension in the remaining six. Sclerotherapy was
      performed under direct vision using either rigid or flexible endoscopic
      equipment, and the sclerosing agents were injected directly into the varices. The
      average age at initiation of sclerotherapy was 9 years (range: 1 to 19 years).
      The follow-up has ranged from 2 to 4 1/2 years with a mean of 3 1/2 years.
      Complete obliteration of all varices was obtained in eight of these patients. Two
      children have minimal residual varices, in one of whom 17 sclerotherapy
      procedures have been performed to date. One additional patient had a severe
      episode of bleeding during esophagoscopy, and transesophageal ligation of varices
      was required for control. Two patients have died following initiation of
      sclerotherapy. In neither case was the death the result of bleeding esophageal
      varices or a complication of endosclerosis. Bleeding from varices was the major
      clinical problem in all of these children, and this problem has been largely
      corrected by the sclerotherapy program. With one exception, there have been no
      episodes of variceal bleeding requiring transfusion in these patients following
      initiation of this therapy. One child developed an esophageal ulcer
      postinjection, but none have developed esophageal strictures. One patient
      developed an allergic reaction to the sclerosant that was treated during
      subsequent injections with prior administration of an antihistamine
      (diaphenhydramine chloride) and steroids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3878869
TI  - Pharmacological studies of furo [3,2-b]indole derivatives. II. Analgesic effect
      of FI-302, N-(3-piperidinopropyl)-4-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-furo[3,2-b]ind ole-2
      carboxamide, in experimental animals.
AB  - FI-302, N-(3-piperidinopropyl)-4-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-furo[3,2-b]indol e-2
      carboxamide, is a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound. The analgesic
      effect of FI-302 was investigated in comparison with those of non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In the tail pressure, hot plate and D'Amour and
      Smith methods, FI-302 showed a potent analgesic effect, its efficacy being about
      2 to 7 times greater than those of aminopyrine, mepirizole and tiaramide. On the
      other hand, in these methods, aspirin, ibuprofen and phenylbutazone had little or
      no effect. FI-302 showed a potent inhibitory effect on the vocalization response
      produced by electrical stimulation. Moreover, the analgesic effect of FI-302
      after intracerebroventricular injection was about 58 to 278 times more potent
      than those of tiaramide and ibuprofen, and about 1/6 that of morphine. However,
      the analgesic effect of FI-302 was not antagonized by levallorphan. From these
      results, it appears that FI-302 has potent analgesic effects which may be
      produced by both peripheral and central mechanisms, but it is a non-narcotic
      compound. Consequently, FI-302 should be suitably applicable for clinical
      purposes.

PMID- 3878868
TI  - Positron emission tomography in experimental perinatology.
AB  - Positron emission tomography (PET) is a new tracer technique by which short-lived
      radionuclides, such as 11C are used for labeling drugs, amino acids and other
      compounds. The concentration in the various organs is determined non-invasively
      after I.V. injection. Positrons, emitted by 11C attract an electron, and the two
      masses are annihilated by emitting photons. These can be registered by external
      detectors. Measurement of the radioactivity per volume of tissue as a function of
      time is accomplished by computerized processing of the data. The PET technique
      may be used for studies of the kinetics of the injected compound in different
      organs of the body. However, PET registers only the total radioactivity meaning
      that the measured 11C-radioactivity represents the sum of the parent compound and
      the radiolabelled metabolites. Chemical and radiochemical analyses in various
      body fluids may then help to interpret the PET images.

PMID- 3878870
TI  - [Comparison of two kinds of steroid-C17,20 lyase (delta 16-C19-steroid synthetase
      and 17 alpha-hydroxylase/lyase) activities in pig testicular microsomes].

PMID- 3878872
TI  - Kinetics of drug action in disease states. XV: Effect of pregnancy on the
      convulsive activity of pentylenetetrazol in rats.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the pharmacodynamics
      of the central nervous system stimulant pentylenetetrazol (1) are altered in
      advanced pregnancy. Lewis rats that were 20 days pregnant and nonpregnant rats of
      the same age and strain received either a relatively fast or a relatively slow
      intravenous infusion of 1 until the onset of a maximal seizure, which occurred
      after about 11 or 31 min, respectively, of infusion. The concentrations of 1 at
      that time in serum, cerebrospinal fluid, (CSF) and brain were independent of the
      infusion rate and did not differ significantly between pregnant and nonpregnant
      animals. The ratio of concentrations of 1 in the cerebrospinal fluid to that in
      serum was unity in all groups, consistent with negligible serum protein binding
      and indicative of rapid penetration of 1 into the central nervous system. It is
      concluded that advanced pregnancy has no apparent effect on the response of the
      central nervous system of rats to the convulsive activity of 1.

PMID- 3878871
TI  - [Effects of adenosine triphosphate-magnesium chloride (ATP-MgCl2) on shocked red
      blood cells].

PMID- 3878873
TI  - A model for p-aminobenzoic acid ester narcosis in goldfish.
AB  - A three-parameter equation which successfully quantifies the turnover time in
      goldfish exposed to variable concentrations of eight alkyl esters of p
      aminobenzoic acid is described. One parameter characterizes the target
      concentration necessary to induce narcosis, and the other two parameters
      represent the resistances encountered by the drug when it migrates through
      aqueous and lipid phases from source to target. The octanol-water partition
      coefficients, or aqueous solubilities, and melting points of the esters are
      included to account for variation in drug hydrophobicity, the relationship
      between these properties being quantified. The inactivity of high-melting-point
      esters is explained by the constraint imposed by melting point on the maximum
      aqueous concentration which can be achieved by solid solutes.

PMID- 3878874
TI  - Origin of enthesopathy.

PMID- 3878875
TI  - Circulating immune complexes and rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Circulating immune complexes (CIC), as detected by the Clq binding assay (ClqBA)
      in sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were not demonstrable on
      analysis by ultracentrifugation on sucrose gradients. This discrepancy could be
      explained by the finding that polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG), used in the ClqBA to
      separate free radiolabelled Clq from complex bound Clq, increased the avidity of
      rheumatoid factor (RF), resulting in the formation of Clq binding RF IgM IgG
      complexes. Addition of purified RF IgM to normal human serum generated a positive
      ClqBA in a dose dependent way. The increased complex formation between RF IgM and
      IgG by PEG was also demonstrated in an enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay and
      with sucrose gradients, where complexes became detectable when PEG was present.
      On the other hand RF IgM IgG Clq complexes obtained from the ClqBA dissociated
      upon removal of PEG. We conclude that high amounts of immune complexes, detected
      in RA sera by the ClqBA, are at least partly the result of in vitro complex
      formation between RF IgM and IgG. Therefore the results of this assay do not
      reflect the situation in the circulation in vivo.

PMID- 3878876
TI  - Relationship of HLA-DR4 to defective cellular immunity in rheumatoid arthritis
      using PPD, and mycoplasma and lectin mitogens.
AB  - The disordered cellular immunity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was studied in
      vitro by assessing the stimulatory effect of tuberculin PPD, a mycoplasma product
      with major histocompatility complex restricted properties in mice (MAS) and
      concanavalin A (Con A) on RA and control cells of known tissue type. PPD provided
      the best discrimination between RA and controls (RA responses 34% of latter). The
      only significant association with HLA-DR type was that patients with RA who
      exhibited poor responsiveness to MAS had a significantly increased frequency of
      HLA-DR4.

PMID- 3878877
TI  - Autoimmunity to native type II collagen--a distinct genetic subset of rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - HLA phenotypes were determined in 60 Caucasoid patients with rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA) and normal serum antibody levels to native type II collagen. Antigen
      frequencies were compared with 52 patients with RA who had elevated antibody
      levels to native type II collagen. Both RA groups were compared with 163 healthy
      controls. A clinical comparison of both RA groups yielded few differences, except
      a decreased incidence of rheumatoid factor and a positive family history of RA
      and radiologically, increased osteosclerosis in the RA group with elevated
      antibodies to native type II collagen. HLA-DR4 was increased and HLA-DR7 was
      decreased in the RA group with normal antibody levels to native type II collagen.
      A comparison of both RA groups showed an increased incidence of HLA-DR4 in the
      normal antibody group, whereas HLA-DR7 was increased in the elevated antibody
      group. In the elevated antibody group the majority of patients possessed either
      HLA-DR3 or DR7 both of which are in strong linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DQw2.
      This immunogenetic data suggests that RA patients with autoimmunity to native II
      collagen form a distinct genetic subset of RA.

PMID- 3878878
TI  - Serological and clinical remission in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - The frequency of a combined clinical and serological remission in patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was examined. Thirteen (4%) of 305 patients
      had both a seroconversion from a positive to a negative ANA and became
      asymptomatic in respect to their SLE. These remissions lasted from 6 months to 13
      years. It is not clear what role, if any, therapy played in these remissions.
      Nevertheless, these remissions provided hope for the patients and their
      physicians.

PMID- 3878879
TI  - HLA antigens associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in Japan.
AB  - We studied whether or not HLA-A,B,C and DR antigens were associated with clinical
      and immunological findings in 116 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE) in Japan. SLE patients tended to be associated with HLA-DR2, compared with
      75 healthy individuals. Among the SLE patients, there was an association between
      HLA antigens and the presence or absence of certain clinical or immunological
      features. Different HLA antigens might have a predictive value for SLE and/or the
      same clinical and immunological abnormalities between Caucasian and Japanese SLE
      patients.

PMID- 3878880
TI  - Profiles of antibodies to histones, DNA and IgG in patients with systemic
      rheumatic diseases determined by ELISA.
AB  - The occurrence of antibodies against the total histone complex and the histone
      fraction H1, antibodies against denatured (ss) DNA and the synthetic double
      stranded polynucleotide poly dAT, as well as rheumatoid factors (RF) was
      determined in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) and Sjogren's syndrome (SS) using enzyme linked immunosorbent
      assays (ELISA). Antihistone antibodies could be demonstrated at a frequency of
      about 17% in the patients with systemic rheumatic disease with no differences
      between the groups, even if there was a tendency for anti-H1 antibodies to occur
      more often in the SLE and SS patients than in the RA patients. Some of the
      antihistone antibody activity seen in the RA patients seems to be due to
      crossreactive RF. All patient groups showed significant IgG anti-ssDNA antibody
      activity compared to the controls, but the highest antibody levels were seen in
      the SLE patients. IgG antipoly dAT antibodies occurred significantly more often
      and at higher levels in the SLE patients than in the other patient groups.
      Although the individual tests did not readily distinguish the 3 diseases from
      each other, the antibody profiles were different. Patients with SS had the
      broadest reactivity, and the SLE patients had antibodies predominantly restricted
      to polynucleotides.

PMID- 3878881
TI  - Prevalence of anticentromere antibody in blood relatives of anticentromere
      positive patients.
AB  - Anticentromere antibody (ACA) was investigated in 116 blood relatives of 22 ACA
      positive patients affected with scleroderma and, for comparison, in 82 healthy
      subjects matched for age and sex who belonged to 25 families. No relative showed
      any evident scleroderma symptom although in 8 an unusual cold sensitivity of the
      extremities was present. ACA at a low titer (40), was found in 4 relatives
      (3.44%), while it was absent in control sera. The 4 ACA positive relatives were
      first as well as second degree relatives of probands. Two had familial disease:
      one idiopathic chronic hypoparathyroidism and the other mental retardation. The
      third had myasthenia gravis and the fourth unusual cold sensitivity and allergic
      dermatitis. At present we cannot explain the significance of ACA occurrence in
      relatives of ACA positive patients. Followup clinical and serological studies
      could show a possible association of low titer of ACA with subclinical
      scleroderma features in patients who later develop overt disease.

PMID- 3878882
TI  - Is HLA-B27 the ankylosing spondylitis susceptibility gene?
AB  - We studied a family in which the mother and her son had primary ankylosing
      spondylitis (AS). The mother carried the HLA-B27 allele, but did not pass this to
      her son. It is possible that the son is a coincidental, sporadic, non-B27 patient
      with spondylitis and the presence of B27 in the mother is relevant to the
      disease. Alternatively, it is possible that B27 in the mother is coincidental and
      the non-B27 haplotype, inherited by the son, carries the disease susceptibility
      gene. The results would then support the hypothesis that the B27 antigen may not
      be the AS gene, but rather a marker for another closely linked AS gene.

PMID- 3878883
TI  - HLA antigens in Reiter's syndrome in Israeli patients.
AB  - Major histocompatibility antigens (HLA loci A, B and C) were determined in 28
      Israeli patients with Reiter's syndrome. The HLA-B27 antigen was found in only 8
      (29%). Seven of the 20 B27 negative patients (35%) demonstrated crossreactive
      group antigens (CREG) B7, or Bw 22. HLA-B40 or Bw42 were not found. Only 3 of the
      13 (22%) patients with the classical triad were B27 or Bw22 positive. In
      contrast, 12 of 15 patients with incomplete RS carried the B7 CREG antigens.
      These data suggest that in the Israeli population Reiter's syndrome is
      infrequently associated with HLA-B27 and that the B7 CREG antigens may be
      additional markers for this form of reactive arthritis.

PMID- 3878884
TI  - Cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity, T cell subsets, and IL-2 secretion in
      patients with peripheral vascular disease.
AB  - To determine whether anergy in patients with peripheral vascular disease is
      related to an abnormality of their T cells, the distribution of T-cell subsets
      and monocytes in peripheral blood was studied in relation to the delayed
      hypersensitivity response following the intradermal injection of 7 recall
      antigens. Positive correlation coefficients were observed between either the sum
      of the induration at 48 hr or the number of antigens giving a positive response
      and the percentage of total T cells (OKT 3) and helper T cells (OKT 4). The
      percentages of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (OKT 8) and monocytes (OKM 1) showed
      no correlation with skin reactivity to the recall antigens. In vitro secretion of
      IL-2 by purified T cells was similar in anergic patients and in patients with
      normal delayed hypersensitivity responses. Addition of IL-2 to unstimulated T
      cells or T cells stimulated in vitro with either tetanus toxoid or PPD sometimes
      potentiated incorporation of 3H-thymidine into the cells after 6 days of culture.

PMID- 3878885
TI  - Pathogenic role of anti-DNA antibodies in murine lupus nephritis.
AB  - We studied the relative role of anti-DNA antibodies in pathogenesis of murine
      lupus nephritis, and we used, as index of their contribution, the association
      between attenuation, or progression, of renal disease and decrease or increase in
      concentration of anti-DNA antibodies in the plasma and renal eluate of NZB/W
      mice. The concentration of anti-DNA antibodies in plasma did not discriminate
      mice with incipient or drug attenuated nephritis, who had normal renal function,
      from mice with progressive nephritis, who developed renal failure. Although the
      quantity of IgG eluted from kidneys reflected the extent of renal disease (mice
      with progressive nephritis greater than mice with attenuated nephritis greater
      than mice with incipient nephritis), the anti-DNA activity of such antibodies was
      negligible. The low anti-DNA activity could not be attributed to either excess
      DNA or DNAase in renal eluates. In fact, the eluates contained a factor that
      inhibited the interaction between anti-DNA antibody and DNA. The results indicate
      that immune complex systems other than, or in addition to, DNA-anti-DNA are
      likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of murine lupus nephritis.

PMID- 3878886
TI  - HLA-B27 and ankylosing spondylitis: an anti-idiotypic model.
AB  - Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is strongly associated with possession of the HLA
      (Human Leucocyte Antigen)-B27 histocompatibility alloantigen. It is proposed that
      immunological tolerance to HLA-B27 allows the emergence of a lymphocyte clone
      with specificity for connective tissue antigens. Such a pathogenic clone would
      possess idiotypic determinants cross-reactive with determinants on HLA-B27. This
      hypothesis was investigated using immunoglobulins from HLA-B27 subjects with
      active definite AS. Immunoglobulin fractions were assayed for HLA-B27-like
      idiotopes by inhibition of the cytotoxicity of an anti-HLA-B27 antiserum, and by
      an ELISA technique. The postulated HLA-B27-like idiotope was not detected using
      these methods.

PMID- 3878887
TI  - Binding characteristics of three complement dependent assays for the detection of
      immune complexes in human serum.
AB  - The fluid phase C1q binding, the solid phase C1q binding and the Raji cell assay
      are the most widely employed methods for the detection of complement fixing
      immune complexes in human disease. However, their binding characteristics for
      complexes formed in native serum have not been compared and studied in detail.
      For this purpose, Tetanustoxoid (TT): anti-TT complexes were formed closely to in
      vivo conditions by incubating sera of immunized people with TT. Then the
      molecular characteristics of those complexes, which could be detected by the 3
      immune complex assays, were defined. The methods used are precipitation curve,
      gel chromatography and measuring the complexed antibody with a sensitive Elisa
      method. All 3 assays detected only complexes near the equivalence zone; the Raji
      cell assay being the most sensitive detecting 1.5 micrograms complexed
      antibody/ml serum followed by the solid phase (6 micrograms/ml) and the fluid
      phase C1q binding assay (50 micrograms/ml). As estimated by gel chromatography,
      both the C1q binding assays measured most sensitively complexes with a molecular
      weight distinctly over 2,000,000 daltons, whereas the Raji cell assay detected
      preferentially complexes in the range of 2,000,000 daltons. Smaller TT: anti-TT
      complexes with a molecular weight less than 600,000 daltons were not detectable
      by the 3 assays. In conclusion, the 3 assays, while differing in sensitivity,
      showed similar binding patterns with preference for high molecular complexes near
      equivalence. Subsequently, they might be insensitive to small complexes
      persisting in the circulation.

PMID- 3878888
TI  - Attrition in prevention research.
AB  - Selective attrition can detract from the internal and external validity of
      longitudinal research. Four tests of selective attrition applicable to
      longitudinal prevention research were conducted on data bases from two recent
      studies. These tests assessed (1) differences between dropouts and stayers in
      terms of pretest indices of primary outcome variables (substance use), (2)
      differences in change scores for dropouts and stayers, (3) differences in rates
      of attrition among experimental conditions, and (4) differences in pretest
      indices for dropouts among conditions. Results of these analyses indicate that
      cigarette smokers, alcohol drinkers, and marijuana users are more likely to drop
      out than nonusers, limiting the external validity of both studies. For one
      project, differential rates of attrition among conditions suggested a possible
      attrition artifact which will interfere with interpretation of outcome results,
      possibly masking true program effectiveness. Recommendations for standardizing
      reports of attrition and for avoiding attrition through second efforts are made.

PMID- 3878889
TI  - Structural model of the collagen-like region of C1q comprising the kink region
      and the fibre-like packing of the six triple helices.
AB  - A detailed three-dimensional model of the collagenous part of C1q was derived by
      model building and computer-aided energy refinement calculations. The proposed
      structure is based on the collagen-like (-Gly-Xaa-Yaa-) repeating sequence of 78
      to 81 residues in the N-terminal regions of the constituent A, B and C chains, on
      the mode of disulphide linkage between the 18 chains of C1q, and on its electron
      microscopically derived gross structure. It is demonstrated that the
      interruptions of the repeating sequence about half-way along the length of the
      collagenous regions (Gly36-Ile37-Arg38-Thr39 in the A chain and Ala36-Ile37-Hy138
      in the C chain) do not lead to a disruption of the triple helical conformation
      but rather to a bend of about 60 degrees in an otherwise continuous triple helix.
      These features are consistent with a flexibility comparable with that of regular
      triple helices and with the observed low proteolytic susceptibility of the kink
      region. The azimuthal orientation of the kink is defined approximately by ArgA38
      being located in the cap of the knee. Because of this extra residue between two
      glycine residues, a bad contact that would arise between the methyl group of
      AlaC36 and the peptide carbonyl of IleA37 in a straight triple helix is relaxed.
      The model features also a cluster of hydrophobic contacts between large
      hydrophobic side-chains in the interaction edges between the six collagen triple
      helices aligned with their about 10 nm long N-terminal regions in the fibril-like
      endpiece of C1q. The azimuthal orientations of the triple helices were derived by
      energy calculations of side-chain interactions previously applied to fibre
      forming collagens. Independently, the same orientations and interaction edges
      were derived from the azimuthal orientation of the kink and the electron
      microscopically observed orientations of the triple helical arms that emerge from
      the endpiece, and which carry the C-terminal globular binding domains. The
      structural model has a number of implications for the assembly of the first
      component of complement from C1q and the zymogen complex C1r2C1s2 and possible
      mechanisms of its activation.

PMID- 3878890
TI  - Annual cluster (pulse) immunization experience in villages near Sevagram, India.
AB  - This simple study was undertaken in a 'Third World' rural area to find an
      appropriate strategy for mass vaccination. The low priority given to preventive
      health requirements, coupled with a lack of awareness of possible benefits,
      inaccessibility of vaccination facilities and misconceptions about vaccination,
      prevent poor, illiterate villagers from reaping these benefits. The 'cluster
      approach', utilizing locally available manpower, has been attempted. Availability
      of an immunization facility, free of charge, in a village, when required proved
      essential for wide coverage. Some 75.2% of children received three doses of polio
      vaccine, and 43.22% received five doses, in a total of five visits. With an
      additional (6th) visit, the figures rose to 80.66% receiving three doses and
      55.06% receiving five doses. Results with single dose measles vaccine reached
      95%. The reasons for defaulters have been investigated and remedial measures
      suggested. For five doses of polio vaccine the total man-hour requirement was 79
      h, of which skilled manpower was employed for only 3 h, while the major share (33
      h) fell to the village-level health worker. We consider that the 'cluster
      approach' is replicable and that it produces satisfactory results.

PMID- 3878891
TI  - [A case of alpha-coma after cardiac arrest during anesthesia for coronary artery
      bypass operation].

PMID- 3878892
TI  - [Prognosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 3. Clinical and pathological diagnosis of T
      and B-lymphoma and its staging].

PMID- 3878893
TI  - [Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the aged].

PMID- 3878894
TI  - [Mechanisms of impaired in-vitro lymphocyte transformation in response to PPD in
      patients with primary biliary cirrhosis].

PMID- 3878895
TI  - [A voice-controlled functional electrical stimulation system for the paralyzed
      hand].

PMID- 3878896
TI  - [Immunodynamics of focal glomerular sclerosis].

PMID- 3878897
TI  - [Evaluation of the wall motion abnormality using ECG-gated cardiac pool emission
      CT in patients with myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3878898
TI  - [An experimental study on differential diagnosis of cancer from inflammation
      using 11C-L-methionine].

PMID- 3878899
TI  - [Evaluation of cardiomyopathy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy by Tl-201 myocardial
      SPECT].

PMID- 3878900
TI  - [Hemodialysis during coronary bypass grafting for intractable angina complicated
      by chronic renal failure].

PMID- 3878901
TI  - [A preliminary trial in dog's coronary artery anastomoses by CO2 laser].

PMID- 3878902
TI  - Effect of lymphocyte conditioned medium on cytoplasmic membrane permeability and
      lysis of human tumor cells.

PMID- 3878903
TI  - [Problem in the selection of patients with ischemic heart disease for surgical
      treatment (summary of 15 years' experience)].
AB  - A review of data reported in Soviet and foreign literature and the authors' own
      experience allowed specifying a number of clinical and angiographic criteria for
      the selection of coronary patients for surgical treatment. Clinical criteria
      include the pain syndrome, progressive angina pectoris, severe pain with a sharp
      ST displacement during an effort, low physical stress tolerance, and heart rhythm
      disorders. Angiographic criteria include total coronary arterial involvement
      reaching 75%, intact peripheral channel in all coronary arteries fit for
      aortocoronary shunting and satisfactory myocardial contractility.

PMID- 3878904
TI  - [Technical potentials for performing intravital aortocoronary shunting in sudden
      death from ischemic heart disease (based on postmortem coronary angiographic
      data)].
AB  - Technical feasibility of aortocoronary shunting was examined retrospectively in
      70 cases where sudden coronary death had occurred outside of hospital. Postmortem
      coronary angiograms, coronary arterial cross sections made at 5 mm intervals, and
      the nature and spread of focal myocardial lesions were studied. A coronary artery
      with more than 50% of its lumen affected in the proximal or middle part, but no
      significant narrowings in the distal channel, was considered shuntable if
      myocardial focal lesions did not exceed 15% of left-ventricular and
      interventricular-septum volume. Complete myocardial revascularization was found
      to be technically feasible in 36.2% of sudden coronary deaths and partial
      revascularization, in 33.3%, whereas in 30.5% myocardial revascularization proved
      technically impossible.

PMID- 3878905
TI  - Bone GLA protein in predialysis chronic renal failure. Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3
      administration in a long-term follow-up.
AB  - Serum bone GLA protein (BGP) was measured by radioimmunoassay in 42 patients
      (age, 47.5 +/- 16.6 years; serum creatinine, 4.32 +/- 1.9 mg/dl) with predialysis
      chronic renal failure (CRF). Nineteen patients were studied within a short period
      of time, while 23 were followed with repeated measurements of serum BGP,
      creatinine, iPTH, and alkaline phosphatase (AP) for a mean period of 17.1 +/- 8.1
      months. Eleven of these patients were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 for a mean of 16.8
      +/- 6.4 months. In 23 patients at various stages of CRF, a transiliac bone biopsy
      was performed for histomorphometric evaluation. In the untreated patients, serum
      BGP was higher than normal and showed a positive correlation with creatinine
      levels (P less than 0.001). Serum BGP was also positively correlated with iPTH,
      AP, serum phosphate, active resorption surface, active osteoblastic surface,
      osteoid surface, and volume. During treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3, BGP, iPTH, and AP
      were significantly lower than in the untreated patients. The reduction in iPTH
      and BGP was proportional, while BGP and AP no longer correlated. Repeated
      measurements of BGP during the long-term follow-up showed a progressive rise in
      the untreated patients and a downward course of BGP levels during treatment. In
      conclusion, serum BGP increases progressively in CRF, rising with advancing renal
      damage in close correlation with iPTH, AP, and the severity of renal
      osteodystrophy. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 causes a parallel decline in BGP and
      iPTH levels and dissociation between BGP and AP can be observed. Compared to AP,
      BGP seems to be a more reliable index of secondary hyperparathyroidism and
      potentially more useful in the long-term monitoring of treatment with
      1,25(OH)2D3.

PMID- 3878907
TI  - [A method of predicting infectious complications after surgery in patients with
      congenital heart defects].

PMID- 3878906
TI  - Plasma levels of granulocyte elastase during hemodialysis: effects of different
      dialyzer membranes.
AB  - Plasma levels of granulocyte elastase in complex with alpha 1-proteinase
      inhibitor during hemodialysis were investigated in 15 patients (37.4 +/- 3.2
      years) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (47.0 +/- 12.9 months) with dialyzers
      made from cellulose hydrate, cuprophan, polymethylmethacrylate, ethylene-vinyl
      alcohol copolymer, and polyacrylonitrile. Cellulose hydrate membrane caused a
      maximal increase of the plasma levels of granulocyte elastase in complex with
      alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (E-alpha 1PI: 1,659.0 +/- 256.8 ng/ml). Patients
      dialyzed with polyacrylonitrile dialyzers failed to exhibit comparable plasma
      levels of granulocyte elastase (E-alpha 1PI: 237.8 +/- 22.9 ng/ml). During
      hemodialysis plasma E-alpha 1PI values rose to a peak 643.0 +/- 174.7 ng/ml in
      patients on polymethylmethacrylate dialyzers, to 557.5 +/- 120.0 ng/ml on
      cuprophan dialyzers, but to only 381.9 +/- 54.0 ng/ml on ethylene-vinyl alcohol
      copolymer dialyzers. Plasma lysozyme levels decreased significantly in the
      presence of polyacrylonitrile and polymethylmethacrylate membranes. We conclude
      that the degree of PMNs stimulation depends on the nature of the dialyzer
      membrane material. The following membranes induce a reaction of increasing
      intensity: polyacrylonitrile, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, cuprophan,
      polymethylmethacrylate, and cellulose hydrate.

PMID- 3878908
TI  - [Aortocoronary shunting in microfocal myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3878909
TI  - [Characteristics of the immunologic reactivity in patients at various stages of
      acute renal failure].

PMID- 3878910
TI  - [Keratectomy and cataract extraction in Terrien disease].
AB  - In a 36-year-old patient with bilateral Terrien's disease, surgery to improve
      vision in the right eye, which was in Stage V, was no longer possible. In Stage
      III a thoroughgoing keratectomy parallel to the limbus was performed, in
      combination with cataract extraction and coreplasty. Even though Descemet's
      membrane was absent in the dystrophic corneal region, optimal healing was
      achieved by wound closure with a combination of biosutures, monofil sutures, and
      "Tissucol" biological tissue cement. The keratectomy reduced the corneal
      astigmatism from 11 to 4 D. With corrective lenses the patient regained a visual
      acuity of 0.4 in the left eye. The histological findings are discussed.

PMID- 3878911
TI  - [Use of central electroanalgesia in the complex treatment of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3878912
TI  - [Assessment of a patient with acute bleeding].

PMID- 3878913
TI  - [Emergency nursing in acute bleeding].

PMID- 3878914
TI  - [Illusions of one's position in space of vestibular origin in atmospheric
      flight].
AB  - Vestibular illusions (incidence, pattern, manifestation, negative effect on
      pilot's activity) that occur in the atmospheric flight were studied. A special
      questionnaire was used to interview anonymously 484 flying crewmembers. Spatial
      illusions were detected in 71.1% of the crewmembers; they developed in 50.6% when
      turns were performed and they were perceived in 76.2% as a false bank. Over 50%
      (54.3%) of the crewmembers interviewed reported that spatial illusions adversely
      affected pilot's performance and 3.6% of them indicated that they adversely
      influenced the flight program as a whole. Spatial illusions can be generated by
      various factors which should be taken into account in order to improve
      countermeasures against spatial illusions in the flying personnel.

PMID- 3878915
TI  - [Vestibular function of middle-aged persons exposed to 30-day head-down tilt
      hypokinesia].
AB  - Vestibular responses of 15 men (aged 42-50) to 30-day head-down tilt (-8 degrees)
      were investigated. The test subjects showed atherosclerotic symptoms and neuro
      circulatory dystonia of the hypertensive type. They were exposed to the
      Fitzgerald-Hallpike caloric test, indirect otolithometry (eye counter-rolling
      reflex according to the method of successively presented images), and motion
      sickness according to Bryanov. In the pretest period vestibular changes were seen
      at the level of labyrinths and central formations (change in the nystagmic
      pattern, dissociation of the components of the caloric reaction, vestibular
      asymmetry, negative counter-rolling). During head-down tilt cupular reflexes
      remained essentially unaltered, except for the asymmetry and enhancement of the
      sensory and autonomic components of the caloric reaction. The otolith function
      was modified in all the test subjects. After exposure tolerance to motion
      sickness was not deteriorated. The time-course variations of the vestibular
      reactions of the tilted subjects were similar to those seen in young and healthy
      test subjects. The results of this simulated study suggest that vestibular
      reactions of crewmembers of the above age group in real space flight should be
      close to those of the young and healthy crewmembers.

PMID- 3878916
TI  - Antipyretic studies on some indigenous Pakistani medicinal plants.
AB  - Significant oral antipyretic activity in rabbits was exhibited by hexane-,
      chloroform- and water-soluble extracts of Artemisia absinthium, Viola odorata,
      Melia azadirachta and Fumaria parviflora comparable in potency aspirin. Pyresis
      was induced by subcutaneous yeast injections. Antipyretic activity was more
      prominent in the hexane-soluble portions of these plants. Insignificant to no
      antipyretic effects were produced by extracts of Butea frondosa, Berberis lycium
      and Sisymbrium irio. No obvious toxic effects were noted for any of the plant
      extracts up to doses of 1.6 g/kg.

PMID- 3878917
TI  - Interleukin-2 production and activity in aged humans.
AB  - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from aged humans were found impaired in
      their ability to mount T mitogen induced proliferative responses and NK cell
      activity. The production of IL-2 in response to PHA has also been found decreased
      in the aged subjects. When the data from IL-2 production and cellular
      responsiveness of aged and young groups were pooled for regression analysis, a
      significant correlation was found both for mitogenic responses and NK activity.
      The reduced proliferative responses and NK cell activity can be enhanced by
      exposing them to exogenous IL-2. However, they were not fully reconstituted to
      the levels achieved in PBMC of the young subjects supplemented in vitro with IL
      2. This would indicate that the reduced cellular responsiveness in aging may be
      related both to a defect of IL-2 receptor expression on T cells of aged subjects
      and to an impairment in the endogenous IL-2 synthesis in the aged individuals.

PMID- 3878919
TI  - Experience with epigastric free flap allograft in the rat.
AB  - We report our continuing experience with the rat epigastric free vascularized
      flap as a transplant model. Four groups of ten pure-bred rats underwent
      transplantation of epigastric vessel based skin flaps. The flaps were immediately
      revascularized in the recipient animal and the results recorded. No immunologic
      manipulation was performed. Rejection and acceptance of the flaps occurred
      according to known genetic predictions in these 40 procedures. This study will
      serve as a control for immunologic manipulation experiments.

PMID- 3878918
TI  - [Aorto-enteral fistula--pathogenesis, clinical aspects and therapy].
AB  - This report is based on 14 own observations and 166 patients collected from the
      literature. The most frequent location both of primary and secondary aortic
      enteric fistulas (AEF) is the end part of the duodenum (60-70%). In the group of
      secondary AEF the paraprothetic type represents the most frequent morphological
      finding. The best diagnostic approach should be seen in a gastroduodenoscopy. The
      choice of surgical repair is still controversal. Most of the surgeons insist on a
      radical repair (Type A: restoration of the intestinal tract, complete removal of
      the vascular prosthesis, blind closure of the infrarenal aortic stump, axillo
      bifemoral bypass). Type A repair is loaded with a high operative mortality (52%)
      and a number of secondary complications (e.g. recurrent AEF; bleeding from the
      aortic stump). As an alternative surgical approach the authors present an in-situ
      repair (Type B: closing of the intestinal defect, partial exchange of inserted
      vascular prosthesis, a circular omentum sleeve covering the prosthesis and
      anastomosis). The Type B repair offers a time saving procedure with a reduced
      operative mortality (29%) and a better outcome for the patients. This method is
      only contraindicated in the presence of a spread infection of the retroperitoneal
      space including the vascular prosthesis.

PMID- 3878920
TI  - Thymulin.

PMID- 3878921
TI  - Soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS).

PMID- 3878922
TI  - Allogeneic effect factor.

PMID- 3878923
TI  - Human lymphotoxin.

PMID- 3878924
TI  - Human interleukin 1.

PMID- 3878926
TI  - Murine interleukin 1.

PMID- 3878925
TI  - Interleukin 1 from human leukemic monocytes.

PMID- 3878927
TI  - Murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

PMID- 3878928
TI  - Effect of hypovolemic hypotension on the cerebral oxygen supply of rats with
      slightly raised or lowered body temperatures.
AB  - Combination effects of hypovolemia and body cooling or warming being important
      for laboratory animals, accident victims, hemorrhagic patients, etc. have been
      investigated in the anesthetized rat brain. Combined hypovolemic hypotension (MAP
      +/- SD = 36 +/- 7 mm Hg) and additional cooling (32 degrees) intensified the drop
      of cerebral cortex PO2 (rPO2) (initial rPO2 +/- SD = 28 +/- 16 mm Hg, hypovolemic
      rPO2 = 16 +/- 12 mm Hg, N = 15) while slight body warming (39 degrees) improved
      the cerebral hypoxia (initial rPO2 +/- SD = 41 +/- 20 mm Hg, hypovolemic rPO2 =
      32 +/- 21 mm Hg, N = 11) despite arterial saturation of the oxyhemoglobin was
      normal (N = 11).

PMID- 3878929
TI  - Why do oesophageal varices bleed?

PMID- 3878930
TI  - Mechanism of recovery from acute virus infection. III. Subclass of T lymphocytes
      mediating clearance of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus from the spleens of
      mice.
AB  - Spleen T lymphocytes from mice undergoing acute infection with lymphocytic
      choriomeningitis virus (LCM virus) were negatively selected by treatment with
      anti-Lyt or anti-L3T4 antibodies and complement. The subsets thus obtained were
      tested for their potential to lyse LCM virus-infected target cells in vitro and
      to confer on infected syngeneic recipients the ability to eliminate virus rapidly
      from their spleens. Both capacities were found to be associated with Lyt-1-2+,
      L3T4- cells. Previous studies had shown that LCM virus-specific cytotoxicity in
      vitro as well as reduction of replication of LCM virus in the adoptively
      immunized mouse requires compatibility at K and/or D of the major
      histocompatibility complex, and we conclude that clearance of LCM virus from the
      mouse's spleen is mediated by the subset of T lymphocytes that is functionally
      characterized as cytotoxic/suppressive.

PMID- 3878931
TI  - [Dynamics of the immune response indices in experimental trichinelliasis in
      guinea pigs].

PMID- 3878932
TI  - [Recurrent aphthous stomatitis and HLA-DR7 antigen: a possible association].

PMID- 3878933
TI  - [Pain control in odontostomatology].

PMID- 3878934
TI  - [Clinical experience with miocamycin in bacterial diseases of
      odontostomatological relevance].

PMID- 3878935
TI  - [Augmentation of cytotoxicity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes by interleukin-2
      in gastric cancer patients].
AB  - Lymphocyte infiltration into tumor has been regarded as an expression of host
      reaction against tumor, but the natural cytotoxicity of tumor infiltrating
      lymphocytes (TLL) is often very low. In order to augment this low cytotoxicity,
      TIL of gastric cancer patients were cultured with interleukin-2 (IL-2) in vitro.
      On the other hand, immunopotentiators (OK432, PSK) were injected into gastric
      cancer intralesionally under endoscopy. By the in-vitro culture with IL-2, the
      cytotoxicity of TIL was augmented against both targets of K562 and MNN28 (gastric
      carcinoma cell line). In particular, the augmentation of cytotoxicity against
      MKN28 was more obvious in TLL than PBL (peripheral blood lymphocytes). In the
      ascitic lymphocytes, the in-vitro culture with IL-2 induced autologous tumor cell
      killing. Intralesional injection of OK432 or PSK augmented the natural
      cytotoxicity of TIL, and the ratio of OKT8 and Leu7 cells increased in the TIL of
      OK432-injected group.

PMID- 3878936
TI  - [Effect of aortocoronary bypass surgery on left ventricular function and coronary
      sinus blood flow in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction].
AB  - Left ventricular function and coronary sinus blood flow were evaluated in 7
      patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction at rest before and after
      aortocoronary bypass surgery, and during exercise after surgery. Same evaluations
      were performed in 8 normal subject (G-C). Cardiac index (CI) at rest (2.09 +/-
      0.55 l/min/m2) significantly increased after operation (2.94 +/- 0.59 l/min/m2)
      (p less than 0.02). There was no difference between CI during exercise after
      operation (5.94 +/- 1.51 l/min/m2) and that in G-C. Left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure (LVEDP) at rest before operation (16 +/- 8 mmHg) was
      significantly higher than that in G-C (p less than 0.05). This difference
      disappeared after operation. LVEDP during exercise after operation (25 +/- 10
      mmHg) was significantly higher than that in G-C (p less than 0.01). Coronary
      sinus blood flow (CSF) at rest (73 +/- 15 ml/min) significantly increased after
      operation (123 +/- 44 ml/min) (p less than 0.02). There was no difference between
      CSF during exercise after operation (282 +/- 99 ml/min) and that in G-C. These
      data indicated that the aortocoronary bypass surgery was effective on left
      ventricular function and coronary sinus blood flow in patients with severe left
      ventricular dysfunction.

PMID- 3878937
TI  - [The results of immunotherapy as an adjunct to the surgical treatment of primary
      lung cancers].
AB  - A total of 263 primary non-small cell lung cancer patients resected in our
      Institute from March, 1978 to October, 1984 were utilized in order to evaluate
      the efficacy of transfer factor (TF) immunotherapy as an adjunct to surgical
      treatment and TF was significantly effective to cases with stage I diseases, but
      not to stages II, III and IV diseases, indicating that TF could only suppressed
      micrometastasis existing at the time of surgery. In order to improve the further
      results of immunotherapy as an adjunct to surgical treatment, we analyzed
      cytotoxic activity against autologous lung cancer and K562 leukemia cells in
      tumor bearing hosts. Furthermore, we studied the effect of interleukin 2 (IL2)
      activated lymphocyte dialysate on cytotoxic activity against lung cancer cells.
      When 3 different sources of lymphocytes including peripheral blood lymphocytes
      (PBL) regional lymphnode cells (LNC) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL)
      were incubated with IL2 for 8 days at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2 atmosphere,
      relatively high cytotoxic activity was demonstrated with 2 major different
      patterns in PBL, LNC and TIL including one systemic predominant and the other
      local predominant patterns, suggesting that IL2 might be a local or systemic
      possible immunotherapeutic reagent. Finally, we stimulated lymphocytes from
      household contact family members with IL2 and MMC treated lung cancer cells.
      These in vitro modulated T-lymphocytes demonstrated considerable cytotoxic
      activity against the target cells which were used as in vitro sensitization. The
      dialysate of these in vitro stimulated cells showed specific activity on
      cytotoxicity against lung cancer cells and might be a possible reagent in stead
      of TF for clinical trial.

PMID- 3878938
TI  - [Surgical therapy of the patient with valvular lesion combined with coronary
      disease].
AB  - We studied on operative indication, operative problem, and operative result in
      patients with valvular lesion with coronary disease. In 650 cases, 51 cases
      combined with coronary stenosis and ACBG (9 cases) or OTCA (6 cases) were
      performed in 15 cases of them. For operative indication, ACBG was applied in case
      with proximal stenosis of more than 70% and OTCA was applied in case with mild
      localized stenosis. Cardioplegia during operation was important and heart
      temperature should be kept less than 15 degrees C. In those cases with combined
      operation, there were no early deaths but one late death (3 years after
      operation). After operation, chest pain disappeared and clinical symptom and
      ability for exercise were improved. According to NYHA classification, the
      improvement before and after operation were class I, none and 11 cases; class II,
      one case and three cases; class III, 12 cases and none and class IV, two cases
      and none.

PMID- 3878939
TI  - [Current problems in coronary artery surgery: new methods of myocardial
      revascularization and vascular anastomosis].
AB  - Recently, aortocoronary bypass for the patients with ischemic heart disease has
      been widely performed and excellent operative results have been obtained in
      Japan. But, there are some problems in coronary artery surgery for the patients
      with small coronary artery or multiple stenoses of the coronary arteries. For the
      purpose to resolve of these problems, operative transluminal angioplasty and
      onlay patch grafting have been routinely done for severely ill cases, and good
      patency rate of bypass grafts has been confirmed by postoperative angiography in
      our clinic. Another problem is alternative surgical treatment for these patients
      whom A-C bypass could not be done, because of diffuse stenosis of the coronary
      arteries. As a new method of myocardial revascularization for such cases,
      arterialization of the coronary venous system (Ao-CS bypass, or Ao-LADV bypass)
      was experimentally performed. Subsequently, improvements of hemodynamics and
      blood gas analysis during the bypass were obviously recognized in the latter
      group. Besides, transmyocardial punctures were created by CO2 Laser (output: 60
      90 W, irradiation time: 0.15-0.25 sec) in the ischemic myocardium. Newly created
      myocardial channels were microscopically studied from the stand points of tissue
      reaction and patency rate. Subsequently, tinned layers of carbonization and
      coagulation necrosis were observed in the channels and they disappeared
      gradually, and long-term patency of the channels could be apparently expected
      from these findings. On the other hand, vascular anastomosis (side-to-side, end
      to-end, and end-to-side) by low energy CO2 Laser was experimentally done in which
      good healing at the site of anastomosis could be microscopically
      observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3878940
TI  - [Recent trends in cardiac surgery for acquired heart disease].
AB  - Some recently developed problems in cardiac surgery for acquired heart diseases,
      in our department, have been discussed in this paper. Ischemic heart disease
      (IHD): Indication for aortocoronary bypass grafting (ACBG) has been extended for
      the patients with poor left ventricular function. The number of the patients, who
      are found to have IHD before general surgery have been increased. Surgical
      treatments for these patients, five with malignant tumor, and two with aneurysm
      of the descending aorta, were performed 16 days to 4 months after ACBG without
      any operative death. In three patients with lesions of carotid arteries, blood
      flow of the carotid arteries was monitored with doppler echography, which was
      found useful for this purpose, during extracorporeal circulation. One hundred and
      four patients, over 40 years old, for valvular surgery, had coronary angiography
      at the cardiac catheterization between 1982-1983. Nine patients (8%) had
      significant IHD. They had ACBG and valvular surgery simultaneously. Valvular
      heart disease (VHD): Long-term results following aortic valve replacement have
      showed that 6 deaths were of cardiac origin. Five of them were with poor
      preoperative left ventricular function (ejection fraction: 0.35 or less, left
      ventricular endsystolic volume index: 200 ml/m2 or more) which might be indices
      for indication of surgical treatment for aortic regurgitation.

PMID- 3878941
TI  - [Current problems in the surgical treatment of acquired heart disease].
AB  - Two hundred and ninety patients with ischemic heart disease and two hundred and
      sixty one patients with valvular heart disease have been operated upon in our
      department. Combined valvular and coronary artery surgery was carried out in 19
      cases, coronary artery and peripheral vascular surgery was carried out in 7
      cases, and tricuspid valve replacement with SJM was carried out in 20 cases.
      Early mortality rate of combined valvular and coronary artery surgery was 26%,
      and late mortality 21%, however, only 3 cases (15.8%) died of LOS. Mortality rate
      of combined coronary artery and peripheral vascular surgery was 43%, however 1
      patient died of LOS. Mortality rate of TVR with SJM was 15% which was rather low
      in comparison with other valves. A patient who underwent simultaneous surgical
      treatment of valvular or peripheral vascular disease, and coronary artery
      disease, ran almost the same risk of LOS as patients without ischemic heart
      disease. However, myocardial protection was important for these patients because
      of severe LV dysfunction and myocardial hypertrophy. There is not yet an ideal
      artificial valve for TVR. At present, SJM is the best available valve in terms of
      design and hemodynamics.

PMID- 3878942
TI  - [Persistent Epstein-Barr virus infection].
AB  - 2 boys aged 4 and 6 1/2 years and a 1 1/2-year-old girl in whom persistent EBV
      infections developed are described. Serological investigations showed a markedly
      increased IgG-antibody titer against the virus-capsid antigen (VCA-IgG).
      Furthermore there was a persistence of anti-early-antigen-antibodies (anti-EA
      antibodies) resp. VCA-IgA indicating a chronic infection. The observation period
      was 1 to 4 years. Cellular immunity in these children was depressed. They show
      the typical clinical symptoms of infectious mononucleosis; additionally they
      often suffer from other infectious diseases.

PMID- 3878943
TI  - Natural killer cell-mediated antitumor reactivity of rhesus monkeys.
AB  - We have analyzed natural killer (NK) cell-mediated antitumor activity or
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells of rhesus monkeys. All monkeys displayed
      significant NK cell cytolytic activity against the human tumor cell lines K-562,
      Daudi and CEM in a short-term (3 h) 51Cr-release assay. Similar to NK cells
      described in other species, the cytotoxic cells of monkeys were relatively
      nonadherent to nylon wool columns, exhibited low density after separation on
      discontinuous Percoll density gradients, and displayed large granular lymphocyte
      (LGL) morphology. Analysis of the mechanism of NK cell cytotoxicity of rhesus
      monkeys demonstrated that on the average, 7.1% (range: 3.1-13.2%) of lymphocytes
      bound to K-562 tumor, and that approximately 14.8% (range: 7.9-26.3%) of these
      tumor-binding cells (TBC) were cytolytically active. Examination of TBC on
      cytocentrifuge slides indicated that the majority of binders displayed LGL
      morphology. The cytotoxic reaction mediated by monkey NK cells exhibited
      Michaelis-Menten kinetics pattern; the maximum rate of lysis (Vmax) of K-562 was
      found to be 1-2 X 10(4) following 3 h of incubation. Using similar culture
      conditions, the recycling capacity of NK cells of this species was estimated at 2
      6 times. Finally, it was observed that the NK cell activity of most monkeys could
      be potentiated following in vitro exposure to the biological response modifier,
      interleukin-2.

PMID- 3878944
TI  - [The apathy syndrome of schizophrenics. A psychopathologic and computerized
      tomography study].

PMID- 3878945
TI  - Morphological identification of prey-selective neurons in the grass frog's optic
      tectum.

PMID- 3878947
TI  - [Experiences with colonoscopy].

PMID- 3878946
TI  - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and capsaicin-induced stimulation of heart
      contractile rate and force.
AB  - The effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on guinea-pig heart
      contractility were investigated in vitro in relation to the response of capsaicin
      and noradrenaline (NA). Synthetic rat CGRP (greater than 10(-8) M) caused a long
      lasting, positive inotropic and chronotropic effect on the spontaneously beating
      right atrium. The response to CGRP mimicked the effects of capsaicin and was
      resistant to beta-adrenoceptor blockade using metoprolol. Furthermore, CGRP did
      not change basal efflux or the release of 3H-NA induced by transmural nerve
      stimulation, suggesting an action independent of sympathetic mechanisms.
      Mepyramine and cimetidine did not reduce the response to CGRP. After
      tachyphylaxis to the effects of CGRP (5 X 10(-7) M) which developed within 15-20
      min, the positive inotropic and chronotropic atrial response to capsaicin was
      abolished. The effects of NA, however, were not influenced by CGRP tachyphylaxis.
      In the isolated perfused whole heart, CGRP had more pronounced stimulatory
      effects on ventricular contractile rate than on force compared to NA. The CGRP
      response was resistant to metoprolol and still present in capsaicin-pretreated
      animals. Capsaicin caused a slight initial inhibition of ventricular
      contractility, which was followed by a marked stimulatory action. As for CGRP,
      the cardioexcitatory response to capsaicin was more pronounced on rate than on
      force. The stimulatory responses to capsaicin were absent 2 weeks after systemic
      capsaicin pretreatment. In conclusion, CGRP mimics the non-adrenergic,
      cardioexcitatory effects of capsaicin, and the capsaicin response is absent after
      CGRP tachyphylaxis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3878948
TI  - Effect of HLA type on age at onset in schizophrenic disorders.
AB  - In a sample of 229 patients affected by schizophrenic disorders according to DSM
      III, the authors tested the effect of the HLA type, sex and severity of the
      disease with respect to the distribution of age at onset. All the three factors
      reached, independently, a statistically significant value: that is, HLA A1
      positive males affected by the severe form of the illness show the earliest
      breakdown of the disease. This finding partially confirms previous results, and
      particularly the importance of the HLA influence is discussed.

PMID- 3878949
TI  - [Episodes of silent ischemia in patients operated on by coronary bypass evaluated
      by dynamic electrocardiography].

PMID- 3878950
TI  - [Leiomyosarcoma of the small intestine].

PMID- 3878951
TI  - Intermittent bleeding from anorectal varices.
AB  - A patient with anorectal varices is reported. Anorectal varices are a rare cause
      of rectal bleeding and are often erroneously diagnosed as bleeding hemorrhoids.
      However, the subcutaneous extension of the varices should alert the clinician.
      Although local treatment such as ligation of the varices has been advocated, in
      the presence of portal hypertension a more radical operation is recommended. A
      portosystemic shunt, preferably between the inferior mesenteric vein and the vena
      cava or renal vein, is then the treatment of choice.

PMID- 3878952
TI  - Changes in brain serotonin levels affect leukocytes, lymphocytes, T-cell
      subpopulations and natural killer cell activity in rats.
AB  - The intraventricular injection of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine into desipramine
      treated rats caused a marked reduction in serotonin levels 5 and 10 days after
      treatment without significantly affecting catecholamine levels. In these animals,
      total leukocytes were increased and lymphocytes decreased. The number of helper T
      cells (W3/25+) was significantly decreased after 5 days, whereas the numbers of
      total T-cells (W3/13+) and suppressor T-cells (MRC OX8) were increased after 10
      days. The percentages of total T-cells, helper T-cells and suppressor T-cells
      were significantly reduced after 5 days. Natural killer cell (NK) activity was
      markedly reduced after 5 days. This finding suggests that central serotonin
      containing neurons might be involved in the regulation of certain parts of the
      peripheral immune system.

PMID- 3878953
TI  - Role of the primate flocculus in adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex.
AB  - Neuronal events associated with adaptation of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular
      reflex (HVOR) induced by sustained vestibular-visual mismatching were
      investigated in the primate flocculus. The floccular area related to the HVOR (H
      zone) was identified by electrical micro-stimulation which induced ipsilaterally
      directed horizontal eye movement. It was thus found that Purkinje cells in the H
      zone consistently changed their simple spike responses to head rotation in
      parallel with the adaptive HVOR gain change. This was demonstrated by observing
      the change of simple spike firing of Purkinje cells during adaptation of HVOR
      either in a population study or an individual study. Since similar changes
      occurred even after bilateral lesioning of vestibular nuclei had extinguished the
      HVOR, these changes appear to represent vestibular, but not eye velocity, mossy
      fiber responsiveness. The complex spike discharge, on the other hand, modulated
      during vestibular-visual stimulation with a reciprocal pattern to the adaptive
      changes in the simple spike discharge. These results are consistent with the
      hypothesis that the flocculus Purkinje cells adaptively control the HVOR through
      their simple spike activity under influences of retinal error signals conveyed by
      visual climbing fiber pathways.

PMID- 3878954
TI  - Single photon emission computerized tomography of the skull.
AB  - The diagnostic contribution of single photon emission tomography for detection of
      bone lesions of the skull was explored in 125 cases and compared with planar
      imaging. Twenty-one localizations (16% of the total group) were only visualized
      by scintitomography, these were predominantly lesions of the base of the skull
      and facial bones. Scintitomography gave a false negative result in only one
      lesion out of 49 visible on skull radiographs. Together with the revelation of
      unsuspected bone abnormalities, SPECT generally provides a better visualization
      of the skull lesions and their extent than does planar imaging. In cases where
      disease of the facial bones and the base of the skull is suspected,
      scintitomography is an indispensable adjunct to planar scintigraphy.

PMID- 3878955
TI  - [Characteristics of the cellular and humoral immunity of patients with primary
      glaucoma combined with arteriosclerosis and hypertension].

PMID- 3878956
TI  - [Clinico-morphologic aspects of the use of helium-neon laser radiation in the
      treatment of secondary endothelial-epithelial dystrophy of the cornea].

PMID- 3878957
TI  - [Retrospective electrophoretic analysis of the individual precipitates from the
      dried and stained immunoelectrophoregrams of crystalline lens proteins].
AB  - Electrophoretic analysis of pattern of polypeptides making part of precipitation
      arcs (peaks) cut out of predried and stained immunoelectrophoregrams has been
      shown to be possible. The cut out precipitation arcs were extracted overnight by
      a starting buffer for SDS-electrophoresis, centrifuged, and supernatants were
      subjected to SDS-electrophoresis; electrophoregrams were stained by silver
      nitrate. Electrophoretic pattern of polypeptides from the stained and "native"
      precipitation arcs for the same antigens were shown to be identical. A good
      correspondence was also observed between the results of analysis of polypeptide
      composition of the immune precipitates and the data of immunoelectroblotting
      preformed with the same immune reagents. This technique allows precipitation arcs
      to be studied from immunoelectrophoregrams preserved at the room temperature for
      a decade and more.

PMID- 3878958
TI  - Inherited corneal snowflake dystrophy with oculocutaneous pigmentation
      disturbances and other symptoms.
AB  - A new type of corneal dystrophy with various oculocutaneous symptoms and other
      signs is described. Snowflake dystrophy is characterized by hundreds of small,
      round, oval or cork-screw-like white opacities in the endothelium and Descemet's
      membrane. The length of the opacities is 5-20 mu and they form an even layer
      throughout the posterior membrane. 44% of the patients above the age of 70 years
      had also pseudoexfoliation of the lens capsule. Corneal endothelial pigmentation
      advance with the age but are not even in elderly patients necessarily present. A
      wide range of cutaneous disturbances of melanin metabolism was noted in 4/5 of
      the cases: intradermal nevi, lentigines, nevus spilus, melasma, vitiligo, early
      alopecia and early graying of the hair. Photosensitivity reactions like solar
      urticaria were noted in 5 cases. The skin was often wrinkled, dry and inelastic.
      Conjunctival wrinkling and Bitot's spots, ovarial cysts, frequently recurrent
      tonsillitis and several cholecystectomies suggest a generalized involvement of
      mucous membranes in this syndrome. Degenerative joint disease was constated in
      2/5 of cases. The genetic analysis of 59 persons revealed an autosomal dominant
      mode of inheritance. The prevalence of the gene was high in the province of
      Satakunta in western Finland.

PMID- 3878959
TI  - Treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia. A review of 77 consecutive cases.
AB  - The treatment of 77 consecutive cases of post-herpetic neuralgia is reviewed.
      Stellate blockade proved helpful in 75% of patients with pain of less than 1
      year's duration; 40% became virtually pain free. Drug treatment and electrical
      counterirritation methods gave improvement in 60% of cases but only 15% became
      pain free. Stellate block carried out after 1 year of pain proved helpful in only
      44% of patients, and only 22% became pain free. Stellate blockade carried out
      within 1 year of the onset of symptoms would appear to be one of the treatments
      of choice for post-herpetic neuralgia. It would be of interest to see the results
      of a controlled randomised trial.

PMID- 3878960
TI  - [Features of the course of the aseptic inflammatory reaction in children with
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 3878961
TI  - Volume regulation and basolateral co-transport of sodium, potassium, and chloride
      ions in frog skin epithelium.
AB  - Frog skin epithelium, which is normally almost tight to chloride, acquires a
      basolateral leakiness to chloride during osmotic swelling. By measuring the
      epithelial thickness (volume) after equilibration first with half thiocyanate
      Ringer, and then full thiocyanate Ringer, one obtains the chloride-free volume.
      Partial or full recovery of the volume and cellular chloride concentration occurs
      only when the inside of the skin is exposed to solutions containing K as well as
      Na and Cl. This recovery process is totally inhibited by low concentrations of
      bumetanide. The data suggest a basolateral NaKCl2 co-transport.

PMID- 3878963
TI  - Herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

PMID- 3878962
TI  - Cl transport across the basolateral membrane in frog skin epithelium.
AB  - Cellular Cl concentrations were determined by electron microprobe analysis to
      obtain further insight into the Cl transport across the basolateral membrane of
      the frog skin epithelium. Cl-free media on the serosal side led in all epithelial
      layers within 1 h to a decrease in cellular Cl concentration from about 40 to 15
      mmol/kg wet wt, whereas the application of Cl-free solutions or amiloride to the
      apical side had no effect. Na-free media, furosemide or bumetanide on the serosal
      side had little effect on cellular Cl but abolished the Cl-reuptake into Cl
      depleted cells. It is concluded that cellular Cl concentration is maintained
      above electrochemical equilibrium by a co-transport system, which is relatively
      silent under control conditions.

PMID- 3878964
TI  - [Nonspecific immunity in laryngeal cancer].

PMID- 3878965
TI  - On the role of aging in cancer incidence: an interpretation of the prostate
      cancer anomaly with implications for routine screening.
AB  - Cross-sectional age-incidence patterns for the common male and female cancers in
      Connecticut were normalized to describe the percentage of total incidence that
      occurred at each age. The pattern for prostate cancer was atypical--less than the
      99% confidence limit from the mean at ages less than 60 and greater than the 99%
      confidence limit from the mean at ages greater than 75. The available
      international data on latent carcinoma of the prostate, when normalized as above,
      resembled the mean male and female cancer patterns in Connecticut and suggested
      that the atypical behavior of clinical prostate cancer was the result of a lag
      between the incidence of latent carcinoma and promotion to clinical disease.
      Confirmation of this suggestion, with the potential to distinguish
      epidemiologically those latent carcinomas that remain asymptomatic from those
      that progress to malignancy, awaits routine screening for the latent carcinoma.

PMID- 3878966
TI  - Coeliac disease with gastro-intestinal blood loss. A trap for the unwary.

PMID- 3878967
TI  - Immune development in human fetal liver.

PMID- 3878968
TI  - Immune characterization of human fetal tissues with monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 3878969
TI  - [Comparative epidemiologic analysis of multiple sclerosis in areas of Central and
      Southern Europe].
AB  - Epidemiological data concerning multiple sclerosis (MS) and collected by roughly
      the same methods in the regions of Rostock (GDR) and Schumadija-Pomoravlje
      (Yugoslavia) are presented. In both regions the females were earlier and more
      frequently attacked than the males; possible genetic, etiopathogenetic and other
      factors are discussed. The age at which the disease becomes manifest is about the
      same in both regions and was 30.9 and 30.8 years respectively. A prevalence of
      60.4 and an incidence of 2.9 per 100 000 inhabitants were calculated for the
      Rostock region. The corresponding data for the Yugoslavian region were 20.3
      (prevalence) and 0.89 (incidence). The disease is more common among the urban
      than among the rural population in Yugoslavia; the comparison of mortality due to
      MS revealed no appreciable differences.

PMID- 3878970
TI  - [Reflections on suicide in a psychiatric hospital].
AB  - Taking into consideration topical bibliography suicidal events of the psychiatric
      clinic of the special county hospital for neurology and psychiatry Ueckermunde
      are introduced and discussed from the point of view of therapeutical and
      organizational-structural conditions. Hereby practical procedures in the handling
      of suicidal patients are described.

PMID- 3878971
TI  - 18Fluorodeoxyglucose PET in schizophrenia.
AB  - Six chronic schizophrenic patients and six age-matched controls were studied with
      18fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). All patients
      were scanned when they had been free of medication for at least 2 weeks.
      Comparisons were made between the groups on regional ratios of cortical 18FDG,
      with manual and automated measures. Only one of eight regions, the right temporal
      cortical region, showed a significant group difference, and this effect was not
      significant when adjustment was made for multiple comparisons. Secondary analyses
      suggest that ventricular enlargement and age may be associated with a relatively
      "hypofrontal" pattern of 18FDG.

PMID- 3878972
TI  - Clinical studies with corticotropin releasing factor: implications for the
      diagnosis and pathophysiology of depression, Cushing's disease, and adrenal
      insufficiency.
AB  - Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is a 41 amino acid peptide first isolated
      from sheep hypothalami and thought to be a principal modulator of the
      hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortical (HPA) axis. We report herein a series of
      clinical studies with CRF in healthy volunteers and in patients with
      abnormalities in HPA function, including depression, Cushing's disease, Cushing's
      syndrome, and Addison's disease. Our data indicate that CRF can be a diagnostic
      aid in distinguishing various disorders of the HPA axis from one another,
      including Cushing's disease from depression and secondary from tertiary adrenal
      insufficiency. Moreover, the hormone responses to CRF help clarify the
      pathophysiology of the HPA abnormalities in several disorders. For instance, our
      data indicate that hypercortisolism in Cushing's disease results principally from
      a defect at the level of the pituitary; in contrast, in depression the defect
      seems to be hypothalamic, possibly involving hypersecretion of endogenous CRF.
      This latter possibility is of particular interest in light of clinical
      observations that depression often can be precipitated by stress. Moreover, data
      from experimental animals show that CRF may influence several processes known to
      be altered in the overall symptom complex of depression, including not only
      pituitary-adrenal function, but also motor activity, appetite regulation and
      sexual behavior.

PMID- 3878973
TI  - Effects of subchronic administration of psychoactive substances on the circadian
      rhythm of urinary corticosterone excretion in rats.
AB  - Abnormal function of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis has been
      observed in depressed patients. Experiments with laboratory rats were performed
      to test whether psychoactive substances (among them clinically effective
      antidepressants) influence circadian HPA activity. For this purpose,
      corticosterone was measured in urine collected for 24 h at 4 h intervals.
      Maprotiline, fluoxetine, imipramine, trimipramine, clorgyline and pargyline were
      given once daily for at least 13 days, by either intraperitoneal or subcutaneous
      (clorgyline) injection. Only two substances produced significant changes in the
      circadian pattern of corticosterone excretion: pargyline distinctly delayed the
      phase of circadian HPA activity, and trimipramine prolonged the nocturnal
      increase in urinary corticosterone. The present results suggest that psychoactive
      drugs have no effects in common on the circadian rhythm of HPA activity in rats.

PMID- 3878974
TI  - Work status before and after coronary artery bypass surgery.

PMID- 3878975
TI  - Fluoxetine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder.
AB  - In a 9-week open-label study, 7 outpatients with obsessive compulsive disorder
      were treated with fluoxetine, a selective inhibitor of neuronal reuptake of
      serotonin. A significant improvement was found in the symptomatology of patients
      as measured on the obsessive compulsive subscale of the Comprehensive
      Psychopathological Rating Scale (p less than 0.001) and the Clinical Global
      Impression of severity of illness (p less than 0.01). These findings support the
      hypothesis that serotoninergic antidepressants may be useful in the treatment of
      obsessive compulsive disorder.

PMID- 3878976
TI  - Mechanisms of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) neurotoxicity
      to striatal dopamine neurons in mice.
AB  - MPTP given to mice in 4 daily doses (20 mg/kg s.c.) resulted in 56-70% depletion
      of striatal dopamine 1 week after the last dose. Pretreatment with deprenyl or MD
      240928, selective inhibitors of monoamine oxidase type B, or with amfonelic acid
      or nomifensine, selective inhibitors of dopamine uptake, prevented the depletion
      of striatal dopamine. In contrast, pretreatment with alpha-methyl-tyrosine, Ro 4
      1284 or haloperidol did not prevent the depletion of striatal dopamine by MPTP.
      The results are compatible with the view that dopamine itself is not involved in
      the neurotoxic effect of MPTP but that MPP+, a metabolite of MPTP formed by MAO-B
      and accumulated by the dopamine uptake carrier, is responsible for the
      neurotoxicity.

PMID- 3878977
TI  - Conditioned taste aversions induced by 1-5-hydroxytryptophan are mediated by the
      area postrema.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that injections of 5-HTP can induce conditioned taste
      aversions when paired with a novel taste. Adult male albino rats received either
      lesions of the area postrema or were subjected to a sham lesion procedure. All
      rats were adjusted to a 23 1/2 hr/day water deprivation schedule and on the
      conditioning day were given a 0.15% saccharin solution for 1/2 hr. After drinking
      the saccharin fluid 9 area postrema lesioned and 10 sham lesioned rats were
      injected i.p. with 25 mg/kg 1-5-hydroxytryptophan. Similarly 10 area postrema
      lesioned and 6 sham lesioned rats were injected with the vehicle solution. A two
      bottle choice test between the saccharin solution and water was given to all
      animals on the third and fourth days after the conditioning day. The sham
      lesioned rats injected with the 1-5-hydroxytryptophan exhibited a strong aversion
      to the saccharin taste whereas the vehicle injected sham lesioned rats showed an
      equal preference for the two fluids. The difference in group mean saccharin
      preference ratio was significant (p less than .01). Both area postrema lesioned
      groups exhibited saccharin preference ratios that were comparable to and not
      significantly different from the sham lesioned animals injected with the vehicle
      solution. These results show that an intact area postrema is necessary for
      induction of conditioned taste aversions with 1-5-hydroxytryptophan.

PMID- 3878978
TI  - [SOL-detectability of liver SPECT--analysis of the structure of ROC-curve].
AB  - The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of liver SPECT
      (single photon emission computed tomography). The two examinations were performed
      in 76 cases with SOL (space occupying lesion) and 58 normal cases. The results of
      the image reading by the planar image only (PS) and that of the image reading by
      the combination of PS and SPECT (PS + SPECT) were analyzed by ROC (receiver
      operating characteristic) analysis. The ROC curves showed that SPECT appears to
      reduce the number of results which were equivocal by the image reading of PS
      only. The detectability of SPECT for SOL in the left lobe of liver was less than
      that of PS without statistical significance. However, the performance of SPECT
      for SOL in the right lobe of liver was significantly better than that of PS.

PMID- 3878979
TI  - [Berger's disease. Report of 8 cases with common optic, fluorescent and electron
      microscopy study].

PMID- 3878980
TI  - [The physician and justice].

PMID- 3878981
TI  - [Emotional aspects of patients in chronic hemodialysis].

PMID- 3878982
TI  - [Complete radiological evaluation of the urinary tract in children. Excretory
      urography with urination radiography].

PMID- 3878983
TI  - [Postoperative coronary spasm].

PMID- 3878984
TI  - [Bronchial localization of a T-cell immunoblastic lymphoma. Transformation from
      mycosis fungoides].
AB  - A case report is presented of a patient with a pleural effusion subsequently
      shown to have a localised immunoblastic lymphoma of the bronchus of non-Hodgkin's
      type. The development of this lymphoma in a patient with mycosis fungoides
      underlines the potential for the transformation of a T cell epidermoid lymphoma
      of low grade malignancy to a lymphoma of high grade malignancy.

PMID- 3878985
TI  - [Cryptogenetic fever].

PMID- 3878986
TI  - [Bazonco--the data base in the Iasi Radiology-Oncology Clinic. I].

PMID- 3878987
TI  - [Bessel-Hagen disease in children. Considerations of some clinical cases].

PMID- 3878988
TI  - [Clinical significance of serum sialic acid in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic
      lupus erythematosus].
AB  - A study of the clinical significance of serum sialic acid (SA) in rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is presented in this paper.
      Because a definite correlation (n = 30, r = 0.74, P less than 0.001) between SA
      and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and a good reflection of SA to disease
      activity in clinical course were revealed in RA patients, we were able to use SA
      in place of ESR as a marker of disease activity and a guide to treatment. On the
      other hand, although a good correlation (n = 22, r = 0.62, P less than 0.01)
      between SA and ESR was revealed in SLE patients, SA was inapplicable as a marker
      of disease activity in SLE because of a poor correlation between SA and anti-DNA
      antibody or serum complement which is mainly used as a marker of disease activity
      and a guide to treatment.

PMID- 3878989
TI  - Comparison of protein phosphorylation induced by mitogen and phorbol diester
      stimulation of murine T and B lymphocytes.

PMID- 3878990
TI  - [Comparison of intravascular pressure in esophageal varices and the size of
      varices in patients with liver cirrhosis, with or without esophageal hemorrhage
      from the varices].

PMID- 3878991
TI  - [Acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage as a complication of anticoagulant therapy].

PMID- 3878992
TI  - [Telangiectatic polyp of the stomach].

PMID- 3878993
TI  - [Complications in 310 cases of polypectomy in the colon with special reference to
      endoscopic hemostasis].

PMID- 3878994
TI  - [Severe stenoses and persistent occlusions of the middle cerebral artery:
      hemodynamic and metabolic consequences studied by positron tomography].
AB  - Using positron emission tomography and the 15O continuous inhalation technique,
      we have measured the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) oxygen extraction
      fraction (rOEF) and oxygen consumption (rCMRO2) of non-infarcted tissue in six
      patients with either tight stenosis (N = 3) or occlusion (N = 3) of the trunk of
      the middle cerebral artery (MCA); these arterial lesions were shown to be
      persistent on late and/or repeated angiograms. The patients were studied 1 to 6
      months after their last cerebral ischemic event. The data were analyzed in 4 cm2
      regions of interest (fig. 1) and were compared to age-matched control values.
      Regional right/left ratios were tested for significance individually by
      comparison to 95 p. 100 confidence limits found in control subjects. We found a
      significant reduction in mean rCBF in the affected MCA territory; concomitantly,
      there was a lesser decrease in rCMRO2 significant only in the peri-sylvian area;
      this was associated with a moderate but significant increase in rOEF in the same
      areas (Table II, fig. 2 and 3). Individually, the reduction in rCBF and the
      increased rOEF were significant in 5/6 and 2/6 patients, respectively (Table
      III). These data indicate that rCBF is decreased distal to persistent hemodynamic
      MCA obstruction in most patients. This hypoperfusion appears due in part to a
      mild degree of cerebral ischemia (as demonstrated by the occurrence of "misery
      perfusion"), indicating inadequate perfusion pressure distal to the MCA
      obstruction. This was associated with a metabolic depression of the cortex
      possibly resulting from either neuronal loss, or deactivation (diaschisis), or
      long-standing hemodynamic local failure or any combination of the three.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3878995
TI  - [Palindromic rheumatism].

PMID- 3878996
TI  - [Laser rays in the control of hemorrhage of the proximal digestive tract].

PMID- 3878997
TI  - [Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver. Report on a patient].

PMID- 3878998
TI  - [Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage associated with heterotopic pancreatic
      tissue of the stomach].

PMID- 3878999
TI  - [Clinical aspects and radiology of histiocytosis X in the skeleton--a
      retrospective study of 18 patients].
AB  - The present paper presents the clinical and radiological findings from a
      retrospective study of 18 children suffering from histiocytosis with skeletal
      involvement (20 lesions) treated between 1971 and 1983. The different forms of
      manifestation on the skull, vertebral column, and long bones are described and
      problems of differential diagnosis discussed. Possible forms of therapy are
      considered.

PMID- 3879000
TI  - [Value and limits of biological tests commonly used in rheumatology in the aged
      patient].

PMID- 3879001
TI  - [Development of risk of tuberculosis in an area with high BCG coverage].

PMID- 3879002
TI  - Isolation of leukaemia-associated inhibitor (LAI)-producing cells from normal
      peripheral blood.
AB  - LAI, leukaemia-associated inhibitor, has previously been shown to be produced by
      a subpopulation of null cells in myeloid leukaemia, and has the capacity to
      suppress the proliferation of normal granulopoietic stem cells, CFU-GM, in vitro.
      In the present study, low density mononuclear cells from normal peripheral blood
      were separated into adherent/non-adherent, phagocytic/non-phagocytic, T
      lymphocytes/non-T cells, and Fc-receptor positive and negative cells in search
      for LAI-producing cells in normal blood. Cell fractions enriched for NK-cells
      were isolated from Percoll gradients and NK-activity and LAI-production were
      assayed in the different fractions. Anti-Leu-2, anti-Leu-3, and anti-HLA-DR were
      used to deplete mononuclear cells of cells positive for these monoclonals using a
      panning technique. It is concluded from these studies that normal LAI-producing
      cells belong to a non-adherent, non-phagocytic, non-T, non-B, Fc-receptor
      positive population which does not express NK-activity, and which is Leu-2, Leu-3
      and HLA-DR negative. The results imply that LAI may be a novel feedback regulator
      of the proliferative rate of granulopoietic stem cells and that LAI is produced
      by a small subpopulation of cells in both blood and bone marrow.

PMID- 3879003
TI  - [Willebrand's disease and multimeric analysis of the Willebrand factor].
AB  - The multimeric composition of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in the plasma of 20 von
      Willebrand's disease patients was analyzed to determine the type of von
      Willebrand's disease and to evaluate retrospectively the predictive value of the
      classical tests. Analysis of the multimeric pattern revealed that 3 had type II
      and the other 17 type I von Willebrand's disease. The classical tests, especially
      crossed immunoelectrophoresis of vWF and the ristocetin-induced platelet
      agglutination test, did not permit correct classification but led to
      overestimation of the type II von Willebrand variant. Multimeric analysis of von
      Willebrand factor is necessary to diagnose von Willebrand's disease type II, in
      which DDAVP infusions should not be given since they are ineffective or may cause
      thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 3879004
TI  - [A neoplasm of the middle ear causing a vestibular syndrome in a dog].

PMID- 3879005
TI  - [History of chest pain in 2 episodes. Case report].

PMID- 3879006
TI  - [Thoracic pain. Conclusion].

PMID- 3879007
TI  - [Organization or specialized cardiologic and rheumatologic services for the rural
      population].

PMID- 3879008
TI  - [2 cases of Kartagener syndrome].

PMID- 3879009
TI  - [Immunodiagnosis of T-cell hemoblastoses in children].

PMID- 3879010
TI  - Cervical spine involvement in sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis.

PMID- 3879011
TI  - [Aortocoronary bypass].

PMID- 3879013
TI  - [Diagnosis of tumors of the upper digestive tract during emergency endoscopy].

PMID- 3879012
TI  - [Levels of ER+, MR+ and sIg cells in the peripheral blood of children according
      to age].

PMID- 3879014
TI  - [Thrombin-mediated interaction between platelets and FvW present in commercial
      preparations and cryoprecipitate].

PMID- 3879015
TI  - New approaches to immunotherapy: thymomimetic drugs.

PMID- 3879016
TI  - Comparison of immunomodulatory and immunotherapeutic properties of biologic
      response modifiers.

PMID- 3879017
TI  - [Clinical use of transvenous electrodestruction of the atrioventricular junction
      in patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmia].
AB  - The authors described 51 patients with different types of supraventricular
      tachyarrhythmias and ciliary arrhythmia paroxysms who showed resistance to drug
      therapy. All the patients were treated by the closed transvenous
      electrodestruction of the atrioventricular junction by producing a series of
      discharges with a defibrillator to the area of His' bundle, the power being 280
      400 J. A stable and complete transversal blockade was obtained in 45 patients, in
      6 patients the restoration of permeability in the atrioventricular system with
      frequent ventricular responses was observed, being the reason for repeated
      electrodestructions. No complications were observed. In the patients with
      blockade of the I-II degree tachycardia paroxysms either stopped or were milder
      and subjected to drug therapy. Biologically controlled electrocardiostimulators
      of the "demand" type were implanted to all patients after electrodestruction of
      the atrioventricular junction. Proceeding from the above the authors made a
      conclusion that the closed transvenous electrodestruction was a method of choice
      in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias and ciliary arrhythmia
      paroxysms who showed resistance to drug therapy. It can be effectively used for
      seriously ill patients and elderly persons.

PMID- 3879018
TI  - Human leucocyte urokinase inhibitor--purification, characterization and
      comparative studies against different plasminogen activators.
AB  - A plasminogen activator inhibitor (PA-I) which inhibits primarily plasminogen
      activator of the urokinase type (u-PA) was isolated from the cytosol of human
      peripheral leukocytes. The inhibitor was isolated using ion exchange
      chromatography, gel filtration and FPLC. This inhibitor has an apparent molecular
      weight of 45 kDa, determined by SDS-PAGE, and a pI of 5.5-5.7. The inhibitor is a
      fast reacting inhibitor, is thermally unstable and is inactivated outside the pH
      range 7-9. Treatment of cytosol to pH 9 for 30 min at 37 degrees C resulted in a
      large increase in inhibitory activity. Antibodies against human placental UK-I
      completely quenched the inhibitory activity of human leucocyte UK-I.

PMID- 3879019
TI  - Experimental studies on venous thrombosis: effect of coagulants, procoagulants
      and vessel contusion.
AB  - We have examined the relative contribution of stasis, activated coagulants,
      procoagulants and vessel wall damage in the pathogenesis of experimental venous
      thrombosis. Using a Wessler stasis model in rabbits, we found an inverse
      correlation between duration of stasis and the amount of Contact Factor and
      Factor Xa required to produce a stasis thrombus. However, the slope of the dose
      response curve for producing thrombi was different with these two coagulants. The
      infusion of Factor IX complex was also thrombogenic in this model despite
      prolonged circulation prior to stasis, implying that high levels of multiple
      procoagulants may be thrombogenic. In contrast, Factor VIII concentrates or a
      purified Factor IX preparation did not give thrombi under these conditions. When
      the vessel wall was crushed mechanically, followed by restored blood flow and
      subsequent stasis, there was essentially no formation of thrombi over the time
      course of the experiments. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that
      although the endothelium was swollen and damaged, there was usually no exposure
      of sub-endothelium and no adherence platelets. Where there was definite
      disruption of the endothelium, activated platelets could be seen adhering to the
      vessel wall. However, the blood in the segments remained fluid over a period of
      30 min, despite the presence of adherent platelets. Our experiments demonstrated
      that the combination of vessel wall damage and stasis was relatively ineffective
      in producing venous thrombosis. In contrast, high levels of zymogens or small
      amounts of activated clotting factors, combined with local stasis, is a very
      effective thrombogenic stimulus in the venous system.

PMID- 3879020
TI  - Multicenter comparison of von Willebrand factor multimer sizing techniques.
      Report of the Factor VIII and von Willebrand Factor Subcommittee.
AB  - A multicenter study of various types of von Willebrand's disease (vWD) was
      conducted in order to compare the different electrophoretic techniques used to
      evaluate von Willebrand factor multimers in plasma. Seven laboratories
      participated in the blind study of eight plasma samples from two healthy subjects
      and six vWD types and subtypes (Ia, Ib, IIA, IIB, IIC and IID). From the results
      of the multimeric analysis of these samples, it appears that the differential
      diagnosis of vWD types and subtypes should be first approached by using a low
      resolution electrophoretic technique, where each vWF multimer appears as a single
      band. Low-resolution techniques differentiate type I from type II, subtype Ia
      from Ib and also subtype IIA from other type II subtypes. When type II subtypes
      other than IIA are identified with these techniques, samples should be rerun
      using high resolution techniques that resolve each of the fastest migrating
      multimers in at least three subbands, and permit the differentiation of subtypes
      IIB, IIC and IID.

PMID- 3879021
TI  - Natural HLA antibodies.
AB  - "Natural antibodies" directed against antigens of the Major Histocompatibility
      Complex have been observed in aged mice but very seldom in humans. It is likely
      that HLA natural antibodies are more common than previously supposed: our results
      suggest they may be found in 1% of normal blood donors. Most of these antibodies
      seem to be weak and can only be detected when B lymphocytes (BL) are used as
      target cells in the lymphocytotoxicity technique or when indirect
      immunofluorescence is used with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The behavior
      of these natural IgM antibodies was compared to that of weak immune IgG HLA
      antibodies detected in the same way. Absorption tests showed that "natural
      antibodies" were very specifically absorbed, whereas "immune antibodies" could
      also be absorbed by cells not carrying the specific antigen. Furthermore, about
      half of the "natural antibodies" detected to date carried the HLA-B8 specificity.
      Various hypotheses have been put forward to attempt to explain the appearance of
      these antibodies.

PMID- 3879022
TI  - Paradoxical inheritance of HLA-linked susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - In order to clarify the discrepancy between population studies showing
      association of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with HLA-DR4/Dw4 and family studies
      failing to show linkage with HLA, we analysed 16 multicase families in which RA
      and DR4 status of both parents was known. 120 HLA-haplotypes of affected and
      unaffected children could be analysed for co-segregation with RA. In a combined
      analysis of both affected and unaffected children co-segregation of RA with the
      DR4 carrying haplotype was observed when both parents were unaffected (p =
      0.001). Co-Segregation of RA with one of the two haplotypes of affected parents
      was observed (p = 0.01), but in this case there was no preference for the DR4
      carrying haplotype. In both cases preferential inheritance of the other (not
      associated with RA) haplotype was observed in unaffected siblings. These data
      indicate that susceptibility to RA is controlled by an HLA-linked gene. This gene
      is often but not always identical to the gene coding for a product carrying the
      DR4 epitope or in strong linkage disequilibrium with it. Combined with previous
      population data, the present data provide evidence for genetic heterogeneity of
      RA. Finally, they contain a paradox, based on which a new hypothesis for HLA
      linked susceptibility to RA is formulated.

PMID- 3879023
TI  - A mouse monoclonal antibody with HLA-DR4 associated specificity.
AB  - A mouse monoclonal antibody is described which reacts with HLA-DR4 positive
      cells. Gel analysis of the immunoprecipitated antigen is consistent with it being
      a DR molecule.

PMID- 3879024
TI  - The prevalence of suicidal behaviors, attitudes and associated social experiences
      in an urban population.
AB  - The development of an epidemiological study of mental health, social background
      factors, suicidal behaviors (suicidal ideas, deliberate self-harm, and attempted
      suicide), values concerning suicide, and experience of suicide in others is
      described. 679 adult respondents in a stratified random sample of residents of a
      large Canadian city were interviewed. Results indicate a more accepting attitude
      to suicide than reported in previous studies; considerable experience of suicide
      in others; and a much higher rate of suicidal ideas and action than has been
      reported in previous work. Thirteen percent of the sample had made plans for
      suicide in their lifetime, 6% had deliberately harmed themselves, and a further
      4% had attempted suicide in their lifetime. In the past year, 4% had made plans
      for suicide, and 2% had deliberately harmed themselves or had attempted suicide.

PMID- 3879025
TI  - [Cytochemical characteristics of cells forming mast cell-lymphocyte rosettes].
AB  - Cytochemical studies were performed to reveal activities of phosphatase,
      chloracetate esterase, neutral alpha-naphtyl acetate esterase and non-specific
      esterase, and their results enabled us to ascertain the nature of cells forming
      mastolymphocyte rosettes. Rosette-forming cells were shown to be mast cells to
      which non-mature cells of T-lymphocyte origin are joined.

PMID- 3879026
TI  - [Treatment of upper digestive hemorrhages by intraperitoneal Levophed].

PMID- 3879027
TI  - Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with Reed-Sternberg cells: a light microscopic,
      immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural study.

PMID- 3879028
TI  - [Late cardiac tamponade after open heart surgery].

PMID- 3879029
TI  - [Watertight closure of spinal and intracranial dural defects with a fibrin tissue
      adhesive].

PMID- 3879030
TI  - [Perianal histiocytosis X].

PMID- 3879031
TI  - [Follow-up management of recently operated capsule and ligament injuries of the
      knee joint].
AB  - The guidelines for the treatment of ligament injuries of the knee joint are
      subject to continuous changes due to new experiences in the field of functional
      anatomy and pathophysiology, as well as to the progressive changes in surgical
      treatment. The authors suggest answers to the questions of immobilisation,
      appropriate support, mobilisation, etc., questions which as yet have no final and
      binding solutions. They also discuss the problems of muscle atrophy and the time
      at which sportive activities of varying strains may be taken up again.

PMID- 3879032
TI  - Androgen receptor content in cytosol from non-tumoral human kidney and its
      relation to steroid hormone environment.
AB  - The content of cytoplasmic androgen receptors (Bmax) was analyzed in non-tumoral
      renal tissue of 12 men and 15 postmenopausal women using a synthetic androgen
      (methyltrienolone) as ligand and a method of dextran-coated charcoal. The Bmax in
      both sexes was compared, establishing correlations between it and circulating
      levels of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, and
      estradiol to find out the possible influence of the hormonal environment on
      androgen receptors in the human kidney. No differences in Bmax were observed
      between males (46.3 +/- 24 fmol/g of tissue) and females (45.4 +/- 26 fmol/g), in
      spite of the significantly greater (p less than 0.01) levels of circulating
      testosterone in the former group. No significant linear correlations existed
      between any of the steroids analyzed and the Bmax. These results demonstrate the
      existence of androgenic receptors in non-tumoral human kidney and indicate that
      its content is not regulated by circulating levels of testosterone. The
      concentrations of the principal extratesticular androgens and estradiol do not
      seem to have a quantitative influence on these androphilic proteins either.

PMID- 3879033
TI  - [Mechanism of the effect of acupuncture in patients with vestibular disorders].

PMID- 3879034
TI  - [Clinico-immunologic substantiation of the use of diucifon in patients with
      chronic tonsillitis].

PMID- 3879035
TI  - [Electric stimulation of the muscles of the auditory tube as a method of
      controlling its opening].

PMID- 3879036
TI  - [Electroacupuncture combined with conduction anesthesia in operations on varicose
      veins of the lower limbs].
AB  - A combination of conduction anesthesia and electroacupuncture was used for
      obtaining an adequate adaptive effect in 22 patients with varicose dilatation of
      veins. Good sedative effect was obtained in 12 patients, satisfactory--in 6
      patients. In 4 patients minimum doses of droperidol were additionally injected.
      Antinociceptive therapy in corporal and auricle points in the postoperative
      period permitted exclusion of narcotics in 14 patients, in 8 patients their doses
      were considerably lower.

PMID- 3879037
TI  - Isolation of a novel paramyxovirus from a dog with enteric disease.

PMID- 3879038
TI  - Varieties of rhodopsin in frog rod outer segment membranes: analysis by
      isoelectric focusing.
AB  - Purified ROS membranes from cattle, R. pipiens and R. catesbeiana adults and
      tadpoles were investigated by analytical and preparative isoelectric focusing and
      SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The rhodopsin from single specimens of R.
      pipiens displayed two closely-spaced bands with Mr at 34.7 and 37.0 k on SDS
      polyacrylamide gels. Both were found to be phosphorylated when prepared from
      retinas incubated with 32Pi and then exposed to light. When purified ROS
      membranes were solubilized in octyl glucoside and examined by isoelectric
      focusing followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the low-Mr component
      focused in two bands (I, IIa) at pH 8.8 and 8.1. Band I and a trace amount of
      band IIa were observed if band I was eluted and refocused. The high-Mr component
      focused in one band (IIb) at pH 8.0. Identical isoelectric focusing patterns were
      observed with ROS membranes from R. catesbeiana tadpoles and the dorsal and
      ventral retina areas from R. catesbeiana adults. Bovine rhodopsin, on the other
      hand, had a single Mr component and focused in a major band at pH 6.2.

PMID- 3879039
TI  - [Choice of the electrostimulation regimen in treating injuries and diseases of
      the locomotor apparatus].

PMID- 3879040
TI  - [Status of non-specific resistance and immunologic reactivity of the body in
      pyodermitis].

PMID- 3879041
TI  - [Experimental and clinical study of a new method of puncture physiotherapy-
      acupuncture franklinization].

PMID- 3879042
TI  - [Stimulation of the regeneration of skin wounds by microcurrents].

PMID- 3879043
TI  - [Treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis patients by exposing them to an
      ultrahigh-frequency (27.12 MHz) electrical field transcerebrally and over the
      area of the adrenal projection].

PMID- 3879044
TI  - [Complexes of monoclonal immunoglobulins of various classes with albumin and
      alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor].
AB  - Ability of monoclonal immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD) to develop
      complexes with albumin and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) was studied
      using methods of immunoelectrophoresis, cross immunoelectrophoresis and
      immunoselection. High of proteins, producing complexes with albumin, was found
      among monoclonal IgA, IgM and IgG; alpha 1-PI formed complexes mainly with IgA
      and IgM. In healthy volunteers complexes of blood serum proteins were not found.
      Albumin and alpha 1-PI developed complexes most often with various molecules of
      monoclonal immunoglobulins. Ability to produce complexes did not depend on the
      type of the paraprotein.

PMID- 3879045
TI  - [Changes in the body immunological status of peptic ulcer patients as affected by
      dietotherapy].
AB  - The findings are presented characterizing the immunologic status of peptic ulcer
      patients during dietetic treatment. The immunologic shifts detected on admission
      to hospital (increased reactivity of T cells to specific antigen, immunoglobulin
      imbalance, changed concentrations of some complement components in the blood
      serum) were found to normalize under the effect of diets. The authors consider
      that dietetic treatment should be an obligatory component of the comprehensive
      management of peptic ulcer patients.

PMID- 3879046
TI  - [Experience using immunostimulants in the combined treatment of acute and chronic
      pneumonia patients].

PMID- 3879047
TI  - [Colchicine: new therapeutic possibilities].

PMID- 3879048
TI  - Cardiac positron emission tomography.
AB  - Positron emission tomography (PET) is a new technique for noninvasively assessing
      myocardial metabolism and perfusion. It has provided new insight into the
      dynamics of myocardial fatty acid and glucose metabolism in normal subjects,
      patients with ischemic heart disease and those with cardiomyopathies, documenting
      regionally depressed fatty acid metabolism during myocardial ischemia and
      infarction and spatial heterogeneity of fatty acid metabolism in patients with
      cardiomyopathy. Regional myocardial perfusion has been studied with PET using
      water, ammonia and rubidium labeled with positron emitters, permitting the
      noninvasive detection of hypoperfused zones at rest and during vasodilator
      stress. With these techniques the relationship between perfusion and the
      metabolism of a variety of substrates has been studied. The great strides that
      have been made in developing faster high-resolution instruments and producing new
      labeled intermediates indicate the promise of this technique for facilitating an
      increase in the understanding of regional metabolism and blood flow under normal
      and pathophysiologic conditions.

PMID- 3879050
TI  - [Neuro- and social psychiatric aspects of suicide prevention].
AB  - On the basis of extensive research in the Bundesland Salzburg the problem of
      assessing suicidality is focused upon. The employment of the Suicide-Axis-Syndrom
      (1. overt or covert suicidality, 2. diagnosis of one or more axis-syndroms after
      Berner, 3. suicide-positive family history), which the author proposed 1981,
      requires neuropsychiatric and diagnostic knowledge. Therefore physicians take a
      key position in the recognition and treatment of potential suicide patients. The
      typical suicide candidate turns away from others and seeks no more help
      immediately before the suicide. Institutions for suicide prevention which have
      soley a socialpsychiatric-psychodynamic orientation have had no notable influence
      on the reduction of the suicide rate.

PMID- 3879049
TI  - [Heart valve surgery without heart catheter study].
AB  - The development of new non-invasive diagnostic techniques in cardiology and their
      validisation has questioned the up-to-now performed preoperative heart
      catheterization for evaluation of valvular heart disease. Although all these
      methods--2-dimensional echocardiography, Doppler-sonography and nuclear
      techniques--offer a reliable judgement in regard to classification and operative
      indications, coronary heart disease can only be ruled out by coronarography-
      except in younger patients without risk-factors and angina. Also in acute
      valvular disease the invasive diagnostic measures give the heart surgeon more
      security as regards additional morphologic changes such as intimatears, fistulas
      or abscesses near the valve. The sensitivity of invasive methods is higher than
      that of 2-dimensional echocardiography. The expanding application of non-invasive
      diagnostic tools and with increasing experience it can be assumed that heart
      catheterizations prior to surgical valvular repair can be done with more accuracy
      and not only as a routine.

PMID- 3879051
TI  - [Differential diagnosis and therapy possibilities of hematochezia in elderly
      patients].
AB  - In a survey the differential diagnosis and the exploratory and therapeutic
      possibilities in massive colonic hemorrhage are discussed. In elderly patients
      the most frequent sources are diverticular hemorrhage and bleeding
      angiodysplastic lesions. Scintigraphy is the least invasive method of localizing
      the source of bleeding. Angiography presents, apart from diagnosis, therapeutic
      possibilities such as embolization or intraarterial administration of
      vasopressin. In case of failure of conservative treatment hemicolectomy is
      indicated.

PMID- 3879052
TI  - [Epidemiologic studies of bronchopneumopathies of occupation-induced etiology].

PMID- 3879053
TI  - [Does rehydration improve hemoccult screening for intestinal cancer?].
AB  - Rehydration, i.e. adding water to the dryed stool specimen before development, is
      a simple procedure to increase the sensitivity of the Hemoccult test. To
      counteract an inevitable loss of specificity, a diet omitting red meat and
      peroxidase-rich vegetables was recommended. During one year the stools of 3430
      outpatients of our clinic were tested parallel in the standard manner and after
      rehydration. Despite of the low-peroxidase diet, rehydration lead to an increase
      of the positivity rate from 3.5 to 8.4%. Two carcinomas and 12 large adenomas
      were detected additionally. The predictive value of a positive test for
      colorectal neoplasia dropped from 20.5 to 13.7%. However, because of the doubling
      of the positivity rate and consequently the costs of follow-up examinations
      rehydration cannot be recommended as an improvement in mass-screening for
      colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3879054
TI  - [Detection, quantification and localization of myocardial infarcts: comparison of
      thallium single photon emission computer tomography with biplane angiography].
AB  - Thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a new method
      for the scintigraphic visualization of the left ventricular myocardium. With
      SPECT a three-dimensional imaging by computerized slicing of the myocardium in
      various axes is possible. To investigate the capabilities of this new imaging
      technique, detection and quantification of remote transmural infarctions were
      compared with ventriculographic, coronarographic and electrocardiographic
      findings. 31 of 80 investigated patients had had a prior myocardial infarction.
      The left ventricular myocardium was divided into 7 regions in the scintigraphic
      as well as in the angiographic studies. In a total of 560 segments the
      sensitivity of SPECT for infarct detection was 87.5% with a specificity of 99.8%.
      Infarcts which were not detected scintigraphically were relatively small (mean
      13.5% of the circumference). To quantify the infarct, the size of the defect was
      determined scintigraphically from a sagittal long axis and two short axes, and
      the images compared with angiographic infarct sizes (% of the circumference)
      according to the method of Feild et al. A good correlation without overestimation
      of the size by one method (SPECT defect = 0.93 X ventriculographic defect - 1.2%;
      r = 0.7, p less than 0.001) was obtained. Also a good separation of the perfusion
      areas of the coronary arteries due to the three-dimensional imaging with SPECT
      was possible. Thus, by employing Thallium-201 SPECT of the left ventricular
      myocardium exact localization and quantification of transmural myocardial
      infarcts with a positive predictive value of 98% can be achieved.

PMID- 3879055
TI  - [Surgical treatment of heart valve diseases and coronary diseases in the
      elderly].
AB  - The results of the operative treatment of valvular and coronary heart disease in
      large groups of elderly patients demonstrate that age per se is no
      contraindication for cardiac surgery. Age holds only the sixth place in the
      ranking list of risk factors, at least for coronary revascularization. One has to
      be aware that the operative risk in patients well over 60 years of age is
      somewhat higher than in younger individuals. However, there is no clearly
      identifiable age-related measure for indication or contraindication in the
      particular case. Surgery should be considered in an elderly patient if he or she
      had been leading a normal active life before the onset of limiting symptoms
      caused by the underlying valvular or coronary heart disease. These patients
      should have a strong motivation to improve their lifestyle postoperatively.
      Severe additional disease should be considered as a potential reason for
      renunciation.

PMID- 3879056
TI  - [Indications for continuing or discontinuing diagnostic and therapeutic measures
      in internal medicine. Intensive care medicine].

PMID- 3879057
TI  - [Immunologic methods].

PMID- 3879058
TI  - [Immunologic dysfunction and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis].

PMID- 3879060
TI  - [Lymphocyte populations in the post-traumatic period in closed chest trauma].

PMID- 3879059
TI  - [Antinuclear factors in the urine of patients with nephropathies].

PMID- 3879061
TI  - [Methods of obtaining a pure culture of Trichomonas vaginalis].

PMID- 3879062
TI  - [Various mechanisms of immunosuppression in syphilis].

PMID- 3879063
TI  - [Study of the rosette-forming reaction in eczema patients using electron
      microscopy].

PMID- 3879064
TI  - [Immunological shifts in psoriasis].

PMID- 3879065
TI  - [Leukocyte migration inhibition reaction of patients with granuloma annulare and
      necrobiosis lipoidica].

PMID- 3879066
TI  - [Effectiveness and influence of piperazine adipinate on the immunological indices
      of furunculosis patients].

PMID- 3879067
TI  - Hydrocephalus following toxoplasmosis.
AB  - Between 1966-1983 ten children with hydrocephalus following toxoplasmosis were
      shunted. Hydrocephalus was diagnosed at ages ranging from birth to one year.
      Except for one with stenosis of the foramen of Monro all had aqueductal
      obstruction. A high ventricular fluid pressure and distinct cerebral mantle
      reduction were always present. Intracerebral calcifications were common. Only 1
      had normal eyes. All 9 survivors remained shunt dependent during a mean follow-up
      period of 9.6 years. One fifth of revisions were related to problems specific for
      toxoplasma-associated hydrocephalus. A temporary external ventricular drainage or
      a multiple shunt system were found useful in some cases. Two thirds of the
      children had a reasonable outcome. Neonatal hydrocephalus, extensive
      intracerebral calcification and severe ocular involvement were poor prognostic
      indicators.

PMID- 3879068
TI  - [Common and contradictory aspects of inflammatory reactions and pathogenic immune
      reactions].
AB  - Some basic features of the reciprocal relationship between inflammation and the
      pathogenic immune reactions are presented. Inflammation as a non-specific defense
      reaction is described first followed by presentation of the fundamental
      mechanisms of immunity corresponding to specific defense reactions. Immune
      reactions may, in certain circumstances, have a pathogenic effect leading
      naturally to pathogenic immune reactions. The mechanisms of this process are
      explained in detail. Macrophages play an important connecting link between
      inflammation and pathogenic immune reactions. The majority of specifically
      triggered pathologic immune reactions produce an inflammatory picture
      illustrating the relationship between the two processes. Humoral reactions
      controlled by B-lymphocytes manifest themselves as acute inflammation; cell
      mediated processes controlled by T-lymphocytes appear as chronic inflammation
      with granuloma formation. Granuloma formation is specific to the immune reaction
      rather than to a given causal agent. Inflammation and pathologic immune reactions
      have different origins. The process of immune reaction is initiated by a specific
      phase characterized by the struggle between antigen and sensitized lymphocytes.
      Lymphocytes and plasma cells appear in the course of prolonged inflammatory
      processes for reasons which are not now known.

PMID- 3879069
TI  - [Experiences with intraoperative endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 3879070
TI  - [Percutaneous fibrin gluing in subcutaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistulas
      following operations on the brain and spinal cord].
AB  - In spite of a careful operation technique subcutaneous CSF fistulae may occur
      after operations to the central nervous system, which will then require repeated
      puncture treatment in combination with compression bandages and draining of the
      cerebrospinal fluid or a surgical treatment. The originally obtained result of
      the operation may in this way become doubtful. The percutaneous fibrin sealing of
      the fistulous opening and the tissue layers of the fistulous cavity after
      complete puncturing of its content is a safe and riskless procedure with which
      the therapy of this complication can be decisively improved. The indications and
      the technique are described. Contraindications are pointed out. The chances to
      obtain good results are shown on the basis of various cases.

PMID- 3879071
TI  - [Changes in the nuclear volume of the receptor cells of the saccular macula in
      the frog Rana temporaria during sound exposure].
AB  - Sonic stimulation at a frequency of 1200 Hz increases nuclear volume in the upper
      part of the maculae by 30-45%, whereas after stimulation at a frequency of 250 Hz
      nuclear changes (30-38%) were noted mainly in the caudal parts. The auditory
      function of the sacculus in amphibians is confirmed and special attention is paid
      to functional heterogeneity of the receptor epithelium in the saccular maculae.

PMID- 3879072
TI  - Studies on prevention of intra-abdominal adhesion formation by fibrin sealant. An
      experimental study in rats.
AB  - The preventive effect of fibrin sealant on post-operative formation of peritoneal
      adhesions was investigated in rats. Intraperitoneal adhesion formation was
      induced with a standardized, sutured defect in the peritoneum. The influence of
      sealant thickness and lifetime was evaluated by application of a thin and a thick
      layer of fibrin sealant containing high or low concentration of antiplasmin.
      Assessment of adhesion formation one week post-operatively showed significantly
      less adhesion to the defects covered with the thick layer of sealant having high
      or low antiplasmin concentration as compared with defects having only a thin
      sealant layer or control rats without sealant.

PMID- 3879073
TI  - Immunological interference of high dose corticosteroids.
AB  - High-dose corticosteroids (HDC) will influence cellular as well as humoral
      participants of the immune response. The lymphoid tissue will decrease in size
      and weight after prolonged treatment with HDC. Lymphocyte functions will be
      impaired. Reduced synthesis of B- as well as T-lymphocytes will be seen. The
      inhibitory effect on B-cell function can be observed both as decreased serum
      levels of immunoglobulins and as impaired binding of antibodies and complement to
      the cellular surface. Reduced T-cell function indicated by impaired stimulation
      by PHA and porkweed as well as by impaired lymphokinin effects on leukocyte
      migration inhibition has been reported. Reduced lymphocyte adherence to antigen
      and suppressed lymphocyte reaction have also been observed. Humoral factors
      involved in chemotaxis, opsonisation, phagocytosis, vascular permeability leading
      to leakage of fluid and cells and factors involved in lysis of antigens are
      impaired. This can be explained partly by the observed reduced complement
      activation via the alternative as well as the classical pathway in association
      with HDC therapy. Acute processes with increased vascular permeability and
      accumulation of leukocytes as impairing factors could be influenced beneficially
      by HDC therapy. This positive effect can be seen in treatment of septic shock or
      rejection of a transplant. However, if sepsis or rejection is not rapidly
      reversed, complications such as multisystem organ failure and bacteremia are
      prone to appear.

PMID- 3879074
TI  - [T and B lymphocytes in hepatic diseases].
AB  - T and B. lymphocytes in peripheral blood were determined in 102 patients with
      several hepatic diseases: acute hepatitis, persistent and chronic active
      hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis. Significant differences (p less than 0.05) were
      found between all groups of patients and controls. T lymphocytes were decreased
      (p less than 0.05) in patients with acute hepatitis that developed chronic
      disease in relation with those with good evolution. A remarkable decrease was
      found in cirrhotic patients with hepatic insufficiency. The prognostic value of
      these lymphocytes populations in hepatic diseases is enhanced.

PMID- 3879075
TI  - Effects of chloramphenicol on hemopoietic cells and their microenvironment in
      vitro.

PMID- 3879076
TI  - The role of cell surface ligands on lymphocyte migration: studies on murine
      spleen lymphocytes and thymocytes.

PMID- 3879077
TI  - [Effect of lymphocyte-conditioned medium on colony formation by human T
      lymphocytes from peripheral blood].

PMID- 3879078
TI  - [In vitro B cell colony growth in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3879079
TI  - [Abnormality of the immunoregulatory system in multiple myeloma].

PMID- 3879080
TI  - [Production of CSF by human marrow fibroblastoid cell].

PMID- 3879081
TI  - Ia antigens in the normal rat nervous system and in lesions of experimental
      allergic encephalomyelitis.
AB  - The distribution of the class II major histocompatibility (Ia) antigens has been
      studied in the normal nervous system and in acute lesions of experimental
      allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE was induced in Lewis rats with guinea pig
      spinal cord in Freund's complete adjuvant. Frozen sections from cord, including
      the roots and ganglia, were stained for Ia antigens, and some sections were also
      stained for the hydrolytic enzyme acid phosphatase. In the normal CNS and PNS,
      there were a few vessel-associated cells or small leukocyte-like cells which
      expressed Ia antigens. No cells were found which expressed both Ia and acid
      phosphatase [the phenotype used to describe the activated macrophage group of
      antigen presenting cells (APCs)]. In EAE, Ia positive cells increased in number
      prior to the detection of clinical signs. Some of these Ia-positive cells were
      thought to be astrocytes rather than inflammatory cells. At the height of the
      disease process large numbers of cells in the EAE lesions were Ia-positive. Among
      these infiltrating cells were some large acid phosphatase-positive cells which
      also expressed Ia antigens. These double-positive cells appeared to be APCs in
      the form of activated macrophages, cells known to be involved in the
      demyelinating processes of EAE. Our results show that some vascular and vessel
      associated cells in the normal nervous system express Ia antigens. We suggest
      that these and other Ia-positive cells in acute EAE lesions may have a role in
      antigen presentation.

PMID- 3879082
TI  - Collaborative WHO xylitol field studies in Hungary. I. Three-year caries activity
      in institutionalized children.
AB  - The aim of this 3-year field study was to assess the value of partial
      substitution of sucrose with peroral xylitol (14-20 g/day) as a caries-preventive
      measure (X group) in comparison with systemic administration of fluoride (F
      group) and restorative treatment procedures solely (C group). An F dentifrice was
      used unsupervised in the X and F groups, the former containing 10% xylitol. The C
      group used customary, predominantly F-free dentifrices distributed by the local
      health authorities. The final material consisted of 689 institutionalized
      children (6-11 years). Caries was scored yearly in duplicate by two continuously
      calibrated teams. At base line the X group had a significantly higher caries
      prevalence than the F and C groups. The 3-year DMFS increment was 4.2 in the X
      group, 6.5 in the F group, and 7.7 in the C group. The corresponding ratio (RS)
      between caries incidence and the tooth surface population at risk was RSx, 4.9;
      RSF, 6.6; and RSC, 8.6. It is concluded that dietary xylitol in solid sweets
      resulted in a lower increment of caries than obtained in the F and C groups (p
      less than 0.001, covariance analysis, with base-line prevalence, number of
      permanent teeth, and visible plaque index as covariants).

PMID- 3879083
TI  - Collaborative WHO xylitol field studies in Hungary. III. Longitudinal counts of
      lactobacilli and yeasts in saliva.
AB  - The levels of salivary lactobacilli and yeasts were determined annually in half
      of the subjects of the xylitol (X) and fluoride (F) groups of a 3-year caries
      study. These measurements were carried out with Dentocult (DC) and Oricult (OC)
      dip-slide methods. A high level of lactobacilli prevailed throughout the study in
      these subjects. Significant changes were registered in some subgroups--that is,
      improvement in one of the X institutions and worsening in one of the F and one of
      the X institutions. At base line the counts of OC were worse in the X than in the
      F group. In the total material some improvement occurred during the course of the
      study, mainly in the X group. The changes associated with the preventive program
      should also be considered as related to the improvement in oral hygiene,
      restorative treatment, and the mere study effect.

PMID- 3879084
TI  - Collaborative WHO xylitol field studies in Hungary. IV. Saliva levels of
      Streptococcus mutans.
AB  - Salivary Streptococcus mutans was quantified to detect possible age-, sex-, and
      group-dependent differences at the end of a 3-year field study assessing the
      value of partial substitution of sucrose with xylitol (X group) in comparison
      with systemic administration of fluoride (F group) and restorative treatment
      solely (C group). The material of this substudy consisted of 390
      institutionalized children aged 9-14 years. S. mutans was determined through the
      spatula technique and grouped into categories 0, less than 10(5), 10(5)-10(6),
      and and greater than 10(6) CFU/ml saliva. Zero to less than 10(5) values included
      more than 80% of the subjects of the X group. The cross-sectional comparison
      between groups showed lower S. mutans values in the X group than in the F and C
      groups. These differences between groups were highly significant. S. mutans was
      not dependent on age or sex.

PMID- 3879085
TI  - Collaborative WHO xylitol field studies in Hungary. V. Three-year development of
      oral hygiene.
AB  - The oral hygiene conditions were evaluated within a 3-year field study aimed at
      assessing the cariostatic value of partial substitution of sucrose by xylitol (X
      group) in comparison with systemic fluoride (F group) and restorative treatment
      only (C group). Parallel to caries and further associated studies the visible
      plaque index, based on the total number of permanent and deciduous teeth, was
      determined longitudinally at annual examinations in 688 institutionalized
      children, initially 6 to 11 years old. The observations were analyzed with regard
      to sex, age, experimental grouping, and total development. The oral hygiene
      conditions were generally poor. At the base-line examination only 26% of the
      children had acceptable oral hygiene; at the end this level was reached by 42%. A
      definite improvement was measured only in the X group, in which the final values
      differed significantly (p less than 0.001) from the base-line values and also
      from the end situation in the F and C groups. It is concluded that the
      development was influenced by several factors, such as different snacking habits
      and access to sweets, the study per se, and xylitol-induced effects.

PMID- 3879086
TI  - Collaborative WHO xylitol field studies in Hungary. VI. Changes in the
      carbohydrate to protein ratio of dental plaque.
AB  - The carbohydrate to protein ratio of dental plaque was analyzed in a field study
      assessing the effect of partial substitution of dietary sucrose by xylitol (X
      group) in comparison with systemic fluoride (F group) and restorative treatment
      solely (C group). The biochemical analysis was supplemented by quantitative
      assessment of plaque through the visible plaque index (VPI). The present substudy
      was carried out cross-sectionally and longitudinally (n = 83) in initially 6- to
      11-year-old children. Missing base-line values for the carbohydrate to protein
      ratio were partly compensated for through reexamination of the carbohydrate to
      protein ratio 15 months after termination of the trial. The latter series served
      as reference to indicate the base-line situation. A lower carbohydrate to protein
      ratio was measured in the X and F groups than in the C group. Improvement of the
      VPI values was obtained only in the X group. Our results suggest the potential
      value of parallel quantitative and qualitative assessment of plaque.

PMID- 3879087
TI  - Collaborative WHO xylitol field studies in Hungary. VII. Two-year caries
      incidence in 976 institutionalized children.
AB  - The aim was to assess caries increment as influenced by partial substitution of
      sucrose by xylitol (X group) over a 2-year period in comparison with systemic
      fluoride (F group) and restorative treatment only (C group). The study differed
      from the 3-year field study of the same series primarily in that existing base
      line differences were eliminated because the protocol required that all the new
      subjects entering the institutions in the 1st year were to be included for a 2
      year trial. During this period the number of dropouts was 243 (19.9% of all
      subjects), the final material consisting of 976 children (6-12 years old). The 2
      year DMFS increment was 3.8 in the X group, 4.8 in the F group, and 6.0 in the C
      group. The corresponding ratio (RS) between caries incidence and the tooth
      surface population at risk was RSX, 4.5; RSF, 5.5; and RSC, 7.5. The xylitol
      regimen resulted in a lower increment of caries than measured in the F and C
      groups (p less than 0.001; convariance analysis, with base-line prevalence,
      number of permanent teeth, and visible plaque index as covariants.

PMID- 3879088
TI  - Glued periosteal grafts in the knee.
AB  - Periosteal grafting was performed in 4 patients with osteochondritis dissecans of
      the medial femoral condyle and 1 patient with osteonecrosis of the lateral
      femoral condyle following prednisone therapy. The lesions were drilled out deep
      into the cancellous bone. The periosteal graft was taken from the medial facet of
      the tibia and fixed to the excavated bony defect by the tissue glue Fibrinkleber
      Human Immuno (Tisseel). The patients were followed clinically, by arthroscopic
      examination and by radiography at 3, 6, and 12 months. After 1 year the
      borderline between the new and surrounding cartilage was hardly visible.

PMID- 3879090
TI  - Blood pressure in childhood and adolescence. Results from an international
      collaborative study on juvenile hypertension.
AB  - A total of 17,130 children of both sexes born in 1964 and living in Hungary,
      USSR, GDR and Cuba were examined in 1977. The children were grouped in upper (U)
      and lower (L) blood pressure groups and 3,640 children were re-examined in 1978
      1981. The parents' age, smoking habits, marital status, the children's order of
      birth, number of siblings, and proportion of twins did not differ between U and
      L. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in the medical history of the
      children, and the prevalence of hypertension and stroke and diabetes in the
      medical history of the parents were significantly higher in U than in L. Signs of
      left ventricular hypertrophy and systolic murmurs, the magnitude of R and S waves
      in the ECG, and mean values of cardiothoracic and heart volume indices were
      higher in U than in L. Children in U were sexually more developed, taller, more
      obese (greater Quetelet's index and skinfold thickness) and less active
      physically. Average values of blood sugar and serum uric acid were also higher in
      U than in L. No difference was found between the two groups in the proportion of
      smokers and in mean cholesterol values. These differences between U and L were
      strengthened in comparison of children who showed repeatedly low (below the 30th
      percentile) or high (at or above the 70th, 90th and 95th percentile) readings in
      the SBP and DBP distribution curves. Since we did not find important differences
      when we related various factors to blood pressure taken on one or two separate
      occasions we emphasize the importance of casual blood pressure measurement in
      childhood.

PMID- 3879089
TI  - Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. IV. Serum lipids
      in newborns, children and adolescents.
AB  - A multicentre study on atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and
      adolescents was carried out in five urban and 12 rural areas in the autumn of
      1980 and spring of 1981. Serum lipids, i.e. cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol
      (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were determined and LDL-cholesterol
      (LDL-C) was calculated in 630 newborns and 3,596 children aged 3, 6, 9, 12, 15
      and 18 years. In the newborns the mean serum TC concentration was 1.50 mmol/l,
      and the ratio of HDL-C to TC was 0.44. Newborn boys had lower mean TC, HDL-C and
      LDL-C values than the girls. In 3 to 18-year-old children the mean TC, LDL-C and
      HDL-C concentrations were 4.83 mmol/l, 3.09 mmol/l and 1.38 mmol/l, respectively.
      During puberty, TC mean values decreased, more so in boys. The serum levels of
      HDL-C also decreased, especially in boys, and after passing puberty boys had
      lower mean HDL-C levels than girls (1.26 vs. 1.39 mmol/l, p less than 0.001). The
      HDL-C/TC ratio was similar in all age groups (0.29). The mean TG value increased
      with age, being 0.88 mmol/l at the age of 18 yr. During sexual maturation, TG
      levels increased, more clearly in boys. There were no regional differences in
      serum lipid concentrations in the newborns, but in 3- to 18-year-old children the
      mean TC, LDL-C and TG values were lower in western than in eastern Finland. Mean
      TC and LDL-C values were lower in urban than in rural areas, but there was no
      difference in TG concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3879092
TI  - Cardiovascular risk factors in Finnish children and adolescents.

PMID- 3879091
TI  - Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. I. General
      description of the cross-sectional study of 1980, and an account of the
      children's and families' state of health.
AB  - The paper describes the general outline of a multicentre study on the risk
      factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) and their determinants in children of
      various ages in different parts of Finland. The study was a cross-sectional one,
      and was carried out in 1980 in five university cities of Finland with medical
      schools and in 12 rural communities in their vicinity. The randomized sample
      included an equal number of boys and girls, aged 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 years,
      and an equal number of urban and rural population in each area. The total sample
      size was 4,320 subjects, and of these 3,596 participated (83.1%). The families
      received before the medical examination of the child, questionnaires on the
      socioeconomic background the child's general health and development, the parents'
      and grandparents' health status, and the child's food and exercise habits. At the
      physical examination also a fasting blood sample (lipids, insulin, trace
      elements) was taken, a bundle of hair was cut for trace element analysis, and a
      48-hour recall on food intake was obtained from every second subject. 19.5% of
      the children had in their history some long-term disease, allergic diseases being
      the most common. CHD and other cardiovascular diseases were significantly more
      frequent among the grandparents and parents in eastern than in western Finland.
      The study is meant to be a basis for a longitudinal study.

PMID- 3879093
TI  - Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. II. Height,
      weight, body mass index, and skinfolds, and their correlation to metabolic
      variables.
AB  - In a Finnish Multicentre Study, height, weight and skinfold thicknesses were
      measured in 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 15-, and 18-year-old children (N = 3,596). Height
      and weight percentiles superimposed on the current Finnish growth charts were
      above the standards in 6-15-year-old boys and 3-12-year-old girls. Triceps
      skinfold thickness percentiles (10% and 90%) appeared to be closest to British
      values and below American values. Weight, body mass index (BMI) and skinfold
      thicknesses showed good intercorrelations (up to .90) except in young boys.
      Height had a low positive correlation with BMI (.28 to .36) and with skinfold
      thickness (.23 to .36) in the age groups 6-12 years. BMI and subscapular skinfold
      seem to be useful obesity indicators. No consistent correlations were seen
      between physical variables and serum LDL- or total cholesterol and apoprotein B
      concentrations. There was a slight negative correlation between the physical
      variables and serum HDL-cholesterol. Apoprotein A1 correlated negatively to all
      obesity indicators in 12-year-old girls. Serum triglycerides showed slight
      positive correlation to physical variables. BMI and skinfolds had a low to
      moderate correlation with insulin (.21-.51) mainly in the three oldest age
      groups. On the ground of BMI and skinfold measurements we have reason to believe
      that the prevalence of obesity at 3-18 years of age is similar in Finland as in
      other countries in Europe.

PMID- 3879094
TI  - Epidemiologic investigations of cardiovascular risk factor variables in childhood
      -an overview.

PMID- 3879095
TI  - An approach to the diagnosis and classification of schizoaffective disorders for
      research purposes.
AB  - A classification of schizoaffective disorders for research purposes is presented.
      Two main categories are preliminarily singled out: 1) that characterized by the
      consecutive appearance of an affective and a schizophrenic syndrome (type I), 2)
      that marked by the concurrent appearance of a full schizophrenic and a full
      affective syndrome (type II). Within type I, two subtypes are distinguished: 1)
      that beginning as a typical schizophrenic disorder and shifting later on into a
      recurrent affective syndrome (affective subtype), 2) that beginning as an
      affective disorder and showing in its further course a progressive schizophrenic
      development towards deterioration (schizophrenic subtype). For type II, a
      multiaxial classification is proposed. Axis 1 should be used to describe the
      cross-sectional symptomatology, axis 2 to define the course, and axis 3 to note
      the presence of associated factors. On axis 1, schizoaffective disorder type II
      can be divided into a manic and a depressive subtype. Operational diagnostic
      criteria for each are provided. On axis 2, an affective (recurrent) and a
      schizophrenic (continuous with exacerbations) subtype can be distinguished.

PMID- 3879096
TI  - Mental health in Dutch children: (I). A cross-cultural comparison.

PMID- 3879097
TI  - Mental health in Dutch children: (II). The prevalence of psychiatric disorder and
      relationship between measures.
AB  - This study concerns the second, more clinically oriented, part of our
      epidemiological project. The prevalence of child psychiatric disorders in random
      samples of 8- and 11-year-old children is assessed by using standardized parent-
      and child-interviews. The relationships between different measures of child
      psychopathology are determined. Furthermore, additional validity measures of the
      Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher Report Form (TRF) developed by
      Achenbach, are provided. Of the 153 8- and 11-year-old children selected through
      a two-stage sampling procedure, 116 (76%) children and their parents were
      intensively clinically assessed. The correlation between CBCL and direct child
      assessment is .42, whereas the correlation between the TRF and direct child
      assessment is .28. The correlation between TRF and CBCL is .26. The implications
      of the low correlation between raters who saw children is different situations
      are emphasized. The weight given to reports from different sources varies with
      the kind of problem the child exhibits. It is concluded that more research is
      needed to investigate the relative value of different types of data for different
      conditions. Seven percent of the 8- and 11-year-olds were judged severely
      disordered, whereas for 26% the clinicians judged the child to be moderately or
      severely disordered. The high prevalence rates found in our study compared with
      others is partly attributed to the arbitrary nature of clinical judgement. ANOVAs
      and discriminant function analysis were performed to obtain those CBCL items that
      showed the best discrimination between children who were clinically judged
      disordered and children from the normative comparison group. Many items found to
      be good discriminators of clinical status in this study were among the best
      discriminators of referral status in the earlier reported part of the study. A
      number of family and social factors were found to be associated with psychiatric
      disorder. These findings support those in other studies.

PMID- 3879098
TI  - Why do varices bleed? Rational therapy based on objective observations.

PMID- 3879099
TI  - Neuroimaging of mass lesions of the pineal region in infancy and childhood.
AB  - Mass lesions of the pineal gland, quadrigeminal plate, posterior third ventricle
      and midbrain are grouped together as pineal region lesions. The various methods
      of neuroimaging should not only help to localise and circumscribe these lesions,
      but should also suggest their quality and nature, i.e. cystic parts, delineation
      and possible histology. Also, the pathomorphological pattern with respect to the
      position of the aqueduct and the direction of growth towards the third ventricle
      and trigone of the lateral ventricle plays an important role in deciding which
      approach is possible and most suitable. Of major importance are the deep vascular
      structures and the vasculature of the lesion itself. The study is based on 24
      cases of the pediatric age group from a total of 52 observed cases.

PMID- 3879100
TI  - Pharmacokinetic factors as causes of variability in response to non-steroidal
      anti-inflammatory drugs.
AB  - Even the most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) show
      considerable variations in their pharmacokinetic behaviour in volunteers and
      moreso in patients. An evaluation of the response-related pharmacokinetic
      parameters of the three presently most widely used NSAID's, namely diclofenac,
      indomethacin and piroxicam shows some obvious reasons: While the onset of
      absorption and the bioavailability of diclofenac varies considerably, we find
      relevant differences in the terminal plasma half-life of indomethacin and
      particularly piroxicam. Inter-patient variability in these parameters may
      contribute significantly to the observed variations in clinical response.

PMID- 3879101
TI  - Synovial fluid kinetics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
AB  - Synovial fluid kinetics of NSAIDs are still in a relatively nascent stage. These
      kinetics are determined by the biochemical characteristics of the drugs, the
      characteristics of the synovium, and the characteristics of the host. NSAIDs show
      a delayed peak concentration (relative to serum) in the synovial fluid, and their
      terminal synovial half-lifes generally parallel the serum half-life. Their
      intrasynovial concentrations are determined to a large extent by synovial fluid
      protein concentrations plus diffusional barriers to ingress and egress, although
      displacing substances (including other drugs), and disease, may complicate
      kinetics. The synovial pharmacodynamic of NSAIDs are understood very poorly.
      Hopefully a better understanding of synovial fluid and tissue kinetics will lead
      to more rational therapy with NSAIDs in the future.

PMID- 3879103
TI  - [Determining a standard for the diagnosis of red-green defects in the F-M 100 hue
      test].

PMID- 3879102
TI  - [Abnormal spectral characteristics of early receptor potential in congenital red
      green color blindness].

PMID- 3879104
TI  - Masculinizing operation for a female patient with congenital adrenocortical
      hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
AB  - A 25-year-old female with simple virilizing type of congenital adrenocortical
      hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency was treated surgically with
      masculinizing operations which consisted of two-stage procedures. The first
      procedure was chordectomy associated with excision of both gonads and female
      internal genitalia. Eleven months later, the second procedure consisting of
      urethroplasty and implantation of testicular prosthesis was performed. The
      postoperative course was successful in terms of urination and penile erection.

PMID- 3879105
TI  - Treatment with vitamin 24,25 (OH)2D3 does not change serum levels of 1,25 (OH)2D
      or urinary calcium excretion rate in man.
AB  - 40 healthy early postmenopausal women participated in a controlled therapeutic
      trial with the aim of examining whether treatment with 24,25 vitamin D3 changed
      the serum concentration of either 1,25 (OH)2D and/or the 24-hour urinary calcium
      excretion rate. The 40 women were randomized to treatment with either 24R,25
      (OH)2D3 (10 micrograms daily) or placebo. Serum concentrations of calcium, 25
      (OH) D, 1,25 (OH)2D, 24,25 (OH)2D3 and 24-hour urinary calcium excretion rate
      were measured before (t0) and after (t1) 6 months of treatment. In the 24,25
      (OH)2D3 treated group there was a highly significant increase in the mean serum
      24,25 (OH)2D3 concentration, whereas serum 25 (OH) D and 1,25 (OH)2D and serum
      and urinary calcium were unchanged during the trial. In the placebo group all
      values were similar before and after the trial. We conclude that treatment with
      24,25 (OH)2D3 is not an alternative to conventional treatment of renal
      hypercalciuria.

PMID- 3879106
TI  - Plasmacytoid T-cell lymphoma associated with chronic myeloproliferative disorder.
AB  - This study reports the case of a patient who presented with evidence for a
      diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia, as shown by blood and bone marrow
      analysis, and with generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. A lymph node
      biopsy revealed that the majority of the cells had plasmacytoid features but were
      consistently negative for surface or cytoplasmic immunoglobulin products,
      myelomonocytic surface markers, and peroxidase. Rather, lymph node plasmacytoid
      cells expressed T-cell markers (T 4/Leu 3+, T 10+), transferrin receptors (T 9+),
      and a proportion of them was also positive for sheep erythrocyte receptors (T
      11/Leu 5+). This case is strikingly similar to a case reported by Lennert's group
      with respect to morphology, surface phenotypic features of the malignant
      plasmacytoid cells, and the association between a lymphoproliferative and a
      myeloproliferative disorder. This association suggests that plasmacytoid T-cells
      might exert a regulatory role on proliferation of myeloid cells.

PMID- 3879107
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the lung. A study of 19 cases emphasizing the utility
      of frozen section immunologic studies in differential diagnosis.
AB  - Nineteen cases of possible non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the lung were studied by
      conventional morphologic methods and by immunohistochemical methods employing
      monoclonal antibodies applied to frozen tissue sections. In five of the 19 cases,
      the original histologic diagnoses were revised after review of the immunologic
      findings. Problem areas clarified by immunodiagnosis included the differential
      diagnoses of pseudolymphoma versus small lymphocytic lymphoma (two cases),
      Hodgkin's disease versus non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (two cases) and non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma versus lymphomatoid granulomatosis (one case). Of the seven lymphomas
      presenting exclusively in the lung without a prior history of lymphoma, three
      were small lymphocytic, one was diffuse mixed small cleaved and large cell, and
      three were diffuse large-cell lymphomas. Four of these lymphomas typed as B-cell,
      two typed as T-cell, and one was of undefined phenotype.

PMID- 3879108
TI  - [Serum concentration of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein in missed
      abortion].

PMID- 3879109
TI  - [Vaginal microbial flora in a normal term pregnancy].

PMID- 3879110
TI  - Dual cutaneous reactions to anti-human IgE; no change in plasma level of the
      split product complement C3d or effect of heparin.
AB  - The possible dependence of the dual cutaneous reaction (DCR) on activation of the
      complement and coagulation systems was further elucidated. Heterologous whole
      anti-human IgE was injected intradermally (i.d.) on the volar aspect of the
      forearms of 17 drug-free healthy volunteers and venous samples for the selected
      laboratory test collected from the adjacent cubital vein. Plasma level of C3
      split products (C3d) did not change significantly 6 h and 96 h after the
      injection of anti-IgE inducing immediate cutaneous reactions (ICRs) or DCRs as
      compared with prechallenge values. Conventional heparin, a compound with anti
      coagulant and anti-complementary effects, injected i.d. (200 IE) concomitantly
      with and by s.c. (1000 IE) infiltration of the whealing 15 and 90 min
      subsequently to anti-IgE challenge produced no significant inhibition of the
      resulting ICRs or DCRs. The results suggest that the previously reported
      involvement of the coagulation process is a secondary phenomenon and do not
      support the concept that activation of the complement system is necessary for the
      evolution of DCRs.

PMID- 3879112
TI  - A comparison of techniques for isolation of the outer membrane proteins of
      Haemophilus influenzae type b.
AB  - We compared several rapid techniques used for extraction of outer membrane
      proteins from gram-negative enteric bacteria to Haemophilus influenzae type b.
      After lysis of cells with a French press, the inner and outer membranes were
      separated by isopycnic centrifugation. Each membrane was identified by density,
      morphology, enzymatic activity, and susceptibility to solid-phase iodination of
      intact cells. By sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we
      identified 10 polypeptides which were enriched in the outer membrane band
      compared to the inner membrane band. Using these proteins, we compared the
      polypeptide pattern of outer membranes with that obtained by (1) selective
      solubilization with sodium dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside, octyl-beta-D
      glucopyranoside, Triton X-100, sodium, or cholamidopropyl
      dimethylaminopropanesulfonate; (2) extraction with chaotropic agents and heat;
      and (3) differential centrifugation of vesicles shed during transition from log
      growth phase to stationary growth phase. There were definable differences between
      the polypeptide pattern of membranes obtained with each rapid technique compared
      to the polypeptide pattern of isolated outer membranes. The polypeptide pattern
      of lithium extracts and the Triton X-100 insoluble fractions of total membranes
      most closely approximated the polypeptide pattern of isopycnically isolated outer
      membranes. Depending on the outer membrane protein sought, one of these rapid
      techniques can be utilized when a rapid method of outer membrane protein
      isolation is required.

PMID- 3879111
TI  - Phorbol myristate acetate--fate and usability in a human interleukin-1 assay.
AB  - Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) has been widely used to produce interleukin-1 (IL
      1) from monocytes (Mo) of various species, including man. Supernatants from
      cultures of human Mo, stimulated with PMA, 2 X 10(-6) M, contained IL-1-like
      activity, as judged by their high co-mitogenic effect on mitogen-stimulated human
      T-cells. However, a solution of PMA in culture medium was equally as active as
      the supernatants. By way of 3H-PMA it was demonstrated that the IL-1-like effect
      of PMA-induced supernatants was non-dialyzable, was coupled to proteins with a
      molecular weight greater than 70,000 Dalton and could be dependent mainly upon
      the PMA content. Thus, previous reports dealing with basic immunological as well
      as immunopharmacological aspects of IL-1, must be interpreted with caution if the
      conclusions have been based on results obtained with crude or high molecular
      weight forms of PMA-induced IL-1. It could be that PMA can be used as an IL-1
      inducer. However, it must first be demonstrated that PMA does not interfere with
      the detection of IL-1 or, if so, that PMA has been removed sufficiently from the
      test material to avoid interference. Secondly, the specificity of PMA with
      respect to IL-1 inducing effect must be demonstrated under endotoxin-free culture
      conditions.

PMID- 3879113
TI  - [Flea detection (Siphonaptera) in dogs at the intake area of the Magdeburg
      polyclinic for small house and zoo animals].
AB  - Two random investigations carried out in 1981/1982 established 203 fleas of 5
      species in a sex incidence of 1:2.4 (60 males/143 females) on 48 dogs:
      Ctenocephalides felis occurred most frequently in an extent of infestation of 13
      (1981) and 9 (1982) in 24 dogs with a population density of 1.1 to 1.9
      specimens/animals, followed by C. canis with 8 (1981) and 11 (1982) from 24 dogs
      in a greater density of 2.3 to 5 per host. In this C. felis occurs more
      frequently in "town dogs": 15 identifications from Magdeburg and 3 from the
      county towns of Quedlinburg, Schonebeck and Burg as opposed to only 2 from
      country communities. Pulex irritans in an extent of infestation of 5 out of 24
      dogs in 1982 reached a density of 5 per animal. The results confirm the fact that
      the range of species of fleas on dogs depends or the keeping conditions and the
      specific breed activity of the hosts.

PMID- 3879114
TI  - [Osteopetrosis].
AB  - Animal models of osteopetrosis have led us to consider this condition to be an
      immune disease. In both the hereditary from in the op/op mutant rat and in
      experimentally induced from by Cl2MDP, osteopetrosis is associated with immune
      deficiencies, such as the inhibition of the mitogenic response of T lymphocytes,
      the inability to develop adjuvant arthritis. In particular, the differentiation
      of the thymus dependent macrophages is inhibited in the mouse treated with
      Cl2MDP. These animal models illustrate the relationships between the immune
      system and the bone regeneration system. They enable the study of the
      relationship between T lymphocytes, macrophages and osteoclasts.

PMID- 3879115
TI  - [Intra-abdominal hemorrhage complicating treatment with calcium heparinate in a
      patient with myxedema].

PMID- 3879116
TI  - [Haemophilus influenzae systemic infections in a children's hospital].
AB  - Thirty seven infections due to "Haemophilus influenzae" b were registered from
      January 1979 to December 1983. The organism was isolated from blood and/or CSF in
      all cases. Relation with sex or season predominance was not observed. Children's
      age was 1 day to 9 years, 83% were below 2 years. They were 16 meningitis
      (43.2%); 10 pneumonias (27.0%); 4 epiglottitis (10.8%); 4 bacteremias; 2
      perinatal infections and 1 case of arthritis. Six cases (16.2%) were hospital
      infections. Age for meningitis and pneumonias was significantly lower than for
      epiglottitis. Eight strains were ampicillin resistant (21.6%). In meningitis
      31.1% and in pneumonias 30.0% of the strains were resistant. There were no
      resistances in other localizations. One strain resistant to both, ampicillin and
      chloramphenicol was treated with cefotaxim.

PMID- 3879117
TI  - Pitfalls of prenatal diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal
      hyperplasia.

PMID- 3879118
TI  - Pitfalls in prenatal diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency by amniotic fluid
      steroid analysis? A six years experience in 102 pregnancies at risk.

PMID- 3879119
TI  - Prenatal therapy in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Attempted prevention of
      abnormal external genital masculinization by pharmacologic suppression of the
      fetal adrenal gland in utero.

PMID- 3879120
TI  - Modern medical therapy of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. A decade of experience.

PMID- 3879121
TI  - Effect of hydrocortisone dose schedule on adrenal steroid secretion in congenital
      adrenal hyperplasia.

PMID- 3879122
TI  - Monitoring treatment in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Use of serial
      measurements of 17-OH-progesterone in plasma, capillary blood, and saliva.

PMID- 3879123
TI  - Cytochrome P-450: physiology of steroidogenesis.

PMID- 3879124
TI  - Evidence that variation among untreated rabbits in hepatic progesterone 21
      hydroxylase activity is indicative of enzyme heterogeneity rather than a
      transient inductive effect.
AB  - Previous work has shown that the 21-hydroxylation of progesterone in the hepatic
      microsomal fraction of outbred NZW rabbits varies over a tenfold range. In
      contrast, the 16-hydroxylase activity is relatively constant and is not
      correlated to the activity of the 21-hydroxylase. The distribution of the 21
      hydroxylase activity is roughly bimodal with about one-third of the animals (21
      H) exhibiting 21-hydroxylase activity exceeding 1 nmol/min/mg microsomal protein,
      whereas the remainder (21-L) generally exhibit an activity that is less than 1
      nmol/min/mg protein. To determine if this was due to a transient phenomenon,
      liver punch biopsies were collected from 28 rabbits at intervals of approximately
      three weeks for at least three serial samples. The 21- and 16-hydroxylase
      activities were determined in the postmitochondrial fractions of these biopsy
      samples. A substantial variability in both 21- and 16-hydroxylase activities was
      observed for serial biopsy samples from individual rabbits. The variation of the
      16-hydroxylase activity paralleled, however, that of the 21-hydroxylase, thus
      suggesting that the variation between biopsy samples for individual rabbits was
      due to factors such as contamination with blood and connective tissue, which
      would affect both activities equally. Rabbits, therefore, were phenotyped as 21-H
      or 21-L on the basis of the 21/16-hydroxylase ratio. The mean ratio was 3.2 +/-
      1.2 and 0.8 +/- 0.3 for rabbits phenotyped as 21-H and 21-L, respectively.
      Similar values for this ratio were obtained for the other group of rabbits
      phenotyped as 21-H and 21-L, 3.8 +/- 1.6 and 0.5 +/- 0.2, respectively, following
      the isolation of microsomes from whole liver homogenates. The ratio of 21/16
      hydroxylase activity was found to be relatively constant for biopsy samples
      obtained from the same animal over the course of this study, thus indicating that
      the elevated 21-hydroxylase activity is not a transient phenomenon.

PMID- 3879125
TI  - An approach to the molecular biology of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

PMID- 3879126
TI  - Molecular cloning of steroid 21-hydroxylase.

PMID- 3879127
TI  - Extended MHC haplotypes in salt-losing 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

PMID- 3879128
TI  - The HLA associations in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase
      deficiency in a Yugoslav population.

PMID- 3879129
TI  - HLA associations in 21-hydroxylase deficiency (congenital and late-onset adrenal
      hyperplasia) in France.

PMID- 3879130
TI  - The association between congenital adrenal hyperplasia and HLA in Southern Italy.

PMID- 3879131
TI  - HLA associations in late-onset 21-hydroxylase deficiency in Israel.

PMID- 3879132
TI  - HLA-B14 and nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency in a heterogeneous New York
      population.

PMID- 3879133
TI  - Different gene defects in the salt-wasting (SW), simple virilizing (SV), and
      nonclassical (NC) types of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).
AB  - HLA (human leucocyte antigens) alleles and plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels
      after ACTH stimulation were studied in 134 German families of patients with salt
      wasting (SW), simple virilizing (SV), and nonclassical (NC) late-onset forms of
      CAH. HLA typing revealed a genetic difference between the two classical disease
      forms. SW-CAH was strongly associated with Bw47 and SV-CAH was closely linked to
      B5. The nearly complete connection of NC-CAH with B14 was confirmed. Bw47 and B14
      were mostly components of the normally rare haplotypes A3, Bw47, DR7 and Aw33,
      B14, DR1, respectively. They did not occur in the families' disease-unaffected
      haplotypes. The HLA linkage data were consistent with those obtained from the
      ACTH stimulation test which showed a higher 17-hydroxyprogesterone increase in
      the group of genetically defined heterozygous relatives of SW patients than in
      the groups of heterozygous members of SV and NC families.

PMID- 3879134
TI  - The coexistence of IgA deficiency and 21-hydroxylase deficiency marked by
      specific MHC supratypes.

PMID- 3879135
TI  - Neonatal screening program for congenital adrenal hyperplasia in a homogeneous
      Caucasian population.

PMID- 3879136
TI  - Newborn screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia with special reference to
      screening in Alaska.

PMID- 3879137
TI  - Pseudomonas cepacia endophthalmitis.
AB  - A 72-year-old white man who had undergone surgical trabeculectomy and
      extracapsular cataract extraction with a posterior-chamber lens implantation in
      the left eye suffered from chronic iridocyclitis for eight months. He
      subsequently presented with acute hypopyon and vitritis. Anterior-chamber and
      vitreous cultures were positive for Pseudomonas cepacia. The infection was
      successfully treated with subconjunctival piperacillin, intravitreal cefotaxime,
      and intravenous piperacillin and gentamicin. To our knowledge, this is the first
      documented case of Pseudomonas cepacia endophthalmitis.

PMID- 3879138
TI  - [Adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy in children with hemophilia and von Willebrand
      disease].
AB  - Hemophilia type A or B is due to deficiency in factor VIII C or IX C, but
      whatever the type and whether the affection is severe or attenuated the risk of
      hemorrhage after surgery is identical. Willebrand's disease is due to either a
      qualitative or quantitative anomaly of willebrand's factor. Between 1979 and
      1984, 15 children with these diseases were operated upon for removal of tonsils
      and adenoids. Surgery was performed under cover of substituted therapy with
      frozen cryoprecipitate for Willebrand's disease, either frozen or dried
      cryoprecipitate together with F VIII concentrates for hemophilia A, and PPSB for
      hemophilia B. This treatment was continued pastoperatively for 7 days after
      adenoidectomy and 10 days after tonsillectomy. Follow up examinations enabling
      possible adjustment of transfusional needs included determination of CKT and
      assay of factors VIII C or IX C in the hemophiliac children, and assay of factors
      F VIII R, AG, F VIII RCF and F VIII C in those will willebrand's disease.

PMID- 3879139
TI  - [Development of the internal ear during the 1st trimester of pregnancy.
      Differentiation of the sensory cells and formation of the 1st synapses].
AB  - The inner ear of seventeen embryos, aged from 7 to 14 weeks after the
      fecondation, was investigated by optic and electron (transmission and scanning)
      microscopy. The timing of the first stages of the auditory and vestibular human
      receptor development is similar to the timing reported in animal studies, the
      vestibular epithelium development preceding by 2 to 3 weeks the cochlear
      development. The nerve fibers enter the sensory epithelia before the hair cell
      differentiation was histologically observed. At 9 weeks in the vestibular organs
      and 11 weeks in the cochlea, the hair cells are well differentiated and they
      exhibit typical synapses with nerve endings. Very early in the embryonic life,
      the auditory and vestibular receptors start their maturation and establish their
      connections with the peripheral and central nervous system; this indicates that
      the third month of pregnancy is a particularly sensitive period as far as the
      inner ear development is concerned.

PMID- 3879140
TI  - [Concentrations of antibiotics (josamycin, trioleandomycin and amoxicillin) in
      the secretions of the ear, sinus and adenoids].
AB  - This was a comparative study of antibiotics in the pus of otitis and from the
      sinuses as well as in the adenoids. Three antibiotics were chosen:
      Trioleandomycin, Josamycin, Amoxicillin. The study protocol was strict. Results
      obtained were as follows: high concentrations of macrolids in discharge of otitis
      and the sinuses as well as in the adenoids. Concentrations were higher than serum
      concentrations. By contrast, in the case of amoxicillin tissue concentrations
      were lower than the serum concentration. This leads to the conclusion that there
      is good penetration of infectious ENT sites by macrolids.

PMID- 3879141
TI  - [Posturography in peripheral vestibular pathology. Its contribution in the
      functional diagnosis and rehabilitation therapy].
AB  - Vestibulospinal examination has been neglected in the evaluation of vertigo. The
      clinical experience gives a loft of evidence that this level of balance function
      is very important. Even in peripheral cases, this function may be disturbed as
      has been shown by a systematical application of posturography. In this way the
      pattern of balance dysfunction can be characterized in a more thorough way. The
      data obtained by posturography, and especially during follow-up, allow to adapt
      the rehabilitation exercises in order to reach more efficiency.

PMID- 3879142
TI  - [Ocular sequelae and sicca syndrome following Lyell's syndrome].
AB  - The mucous lesions are customary in toxic epidermal necrolysis. The acute ocular
      lesions have led to definitive sequelae. 22 out of 32 patients surviving to a
      Lyell's syndrome lend themselves to an ophthalmological supervision. 13 of these
      22 patients (59 p. 100) presented a sicca syndrome with a decrease of the
      lacrimal secretion (12 cases) and/or salivary secretion (8 cases). The sicca
      syndrome appeared sometimes from the beginning of the acute phase of the Lyell's
      syndrome or more often a few weeks later. This decrease of the lacrimal flux went
      along with objective corneal lesions among 11 patients, and 6 of them had a
      change of the visual function. A biopsy of the accessory salivary glands was
      performed on 7 of these patients having a reduction of the salivary flux. 5 of
      these 7 biopsies showed lymphocytic infiltrates giving in 2 cases a nodular
      aspect, grade III of Chisholm's classification, held to be pathognomonic of
      Sjogren syndrome. The 13 patients having presented a sicca syndrome differed from
      the other 9 patients (without sicca syndrome) by a higher severity of their
      Lyell's syndrome and by a higher age. None of our patients with dry syndrome had
      antinuclear antibody detected by immunofluorescence on sections of rat's livers.
      Sicca syndromes with sometimes lymphocytic infiltrate similar to those of
      Sjogren's syndrome were occasionally imputed to drug reactions. The occurrence of
      "Sjogren like's syndrome" after a toxic epidermal necrolysis suggests the
      intervening of autoimmune phenomena in the pathogenesis of this toxic epidermal
      necrolysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3879143
TI  - [Recurrent Sweet's syndrome, concurrent with exacerbation of hemorrhagic
      rectocolitis].

PMID- 3879144
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of oral hemorrhage in the hemophilic child].

PMID- 3879145
TI  - On atavisms and atavistic genes.
AB  - The authors propose the term atavistic to designate a gene producing an ancestral
      phenotype (atavism). Several examples are presented, and the possible origin of
      atavistic genes, as well as their pathological implications discussed.

PMID- 3879146
TI  - The influence of the length of the human Y chromosome on spontaneous abortions. A
      prospective study in family lines with inherited polymorphic Y chromosomes.
AB  - Following reports indicating a close association between the presence of a long Y
      chromosome in males and the risk of spontaneous abortion in their female
      partners, the incidence of spontaneous fetal loss was investigated in four family
      lines whose patrilineary ancestors emigrated from France to Canada during the
      second half of the seventeenth century. In two of the lines the males were
      carriers of a Yq+, in the other two the males had a Yq- or a normal Y chromosome.
      Results showed that in one of family lines with a Yq+, 17/26 (65.4%) wives had 33
      (2.8%) spontaneous abortions in 151 pregnancies, whereas in each of the three
      other family lines 7/30 (23.3%) wives aborted 8 (4.9%), 15 (7.5%) and 10 (5.7%)
      times in 165, 200 and 175 pregnancies respectively. The high incidence of fetal
      loss found in one of the family lines whose males have a long Y chromosome
      correlates with previous observations on the influence of Yq+ on spontaneous
      abortions, and draws attention to the inheritable nature of this peculiarity.
      However, the low incidence of miscarriages observed in the other family line
      carrying a Yq+ seems to indicate that long Y chromosomes are of various types and
      could be produced by several mechanisms. Yq- does not seem to represent an
      increased risk of pregnancy loss. Results also demonstrated that while a long Y
      chromosome may affect the viability of the zygote, it does not affect the
      fertility of its carrier.

PMID- 3879147
TI  - [Reciprocal syndromes caused by deficiency duplication resulting from maternal
      t(10;18)(p12;q22) translocation].
AB  - The detection of a familial translocation, t(10;18)(p12;q22), has made possible
      the observation in type and countertype of two related persons with opposite
      chromosomal imbalance: trisomy 18q22----18qter with monosomy 10p12----10pter in
      one of the two and monosomy 18q22----10pter in the other. In each case the
      abnormalities attributable to monosomy overrule those attributable to monosomy
      overrule those attributable to the associated trisomy.

PMID- 3879148
TI  - Embryonic testicular regression syndrome and severe mental retardation in sibs.
AB  - The embryonic testicular regression syndrome associated with severe mental
      retardation is reported in three 46,XY sibs each of whom has a 46,XY chromosome
      complement. A fourth sib, a sister, also is severely retarded mentally; her
      chromosome complement is 46,XX. The 46,XY individuals, who were raised as
      females, presented varying degrees of genital ambiguity, indicating that their
      gonadal activities had been arrested at different times during embryogenesis. No
      trace of gonadal tissue could be found in either patient. The coincidence of the
      embryonic testicular regression syndrome and severe mental retardation in the
      same sibship is discussed.

PMID- 3879149
TI  - [Exact localization of several fragile sites remains uncertain. The example of
      fra(10) sensitive to folate].
AB  - The localization of the folate-sensitive fragile site first proposed to be at
      10q24.2 was further assigned to 10q23. The study of one case using several
      banding techniques, and of 12 other unpublished cases studied with R-banding
      confirm the original localization, at the junction between 10q24.1 and 10q24.2.
      Because many reports propose that fragile sites induce further anomalies, we
      suggest that a re-study of the exact location of these sites with accurate
      methods is in order if misinterpretations are to be avoided.

PMID- 3879150
TI  - [Union of 2 carriers of a balanced translocation. Familial study of 3
      generations].
AB  - Both unrelated members of a couple are carrier of a balanced translocation, a
      reciprocal and a Robertsonian translocation, respectively. After reporting on the
      family investigation of these individuals, the authors analyse the offspring of
      six other similar couples reported in the literature.

PMID- 3879151
TI  - [Trisomy 20p derived from a maternal pericentric inversion and brachymesophalangy
      of the index finger].
AB  - The article brings to light the very first case of trisomy 20p resulting from a
      maternal pericentric inversion in a 2 1/2-year old boy. The study outlines the
      characteristic clinical features of the syndrome, i.e. round face, upslanting
      palpebral fissures, microretrognathia, normal growth, slight psycho-motor
      retardation and congenital heart defects. The association of the der(20) inv(20)
      (p112q133) mat and brachymesophalangy of index ("Mohr-Wriedt" type of
      brachydactyly) enables the authors to suggest that chromosome 20 may be held
      responsible for this particular malformation.

PMID- 3879152
TI  - Partial monosomy 10p syndrome.
AB  - A newborn infant with monosomy 10p13 is reported. The clinical signs and symptoms
      of the present case are compared with those of previously described cases.
      Although there is no pathognomonic feature, a characteristic monosomy 10p
      syndrome is recognizable.

PMID- 3879153
TI  - A familial paracentric inv(1)(q42q44) resulting in a child with a del(1)(q42)
      karyotype.
AB  - The derivation of a 46,XY,del(1)(q42) chromosome complement in a mentally
      retarded child from a maternal paracentric inv(1)(q42q44) is discussed and the
      clinical findings are compared to previously reported cases of the same deletion
      syndrome.

PMID- 3879154
TI  - Complex chromosomal rearrangement involving chromosomes 11, 13, 14 and 18
      resulting in monosomy for 13q32----qter.
AB  - A five-year-old boy with speech delay, minor facial abnormalities and borderline
      psychomotor retardation was found to have a complex de novo double translocation
      involving four chromosomes resulting in monosomy for the segment 13q32----qter.
      Chromosomes involved were 11, 13, 14, and 18. The translocation between
      chromosome 11 and 13 was unbalanced with the loss of the segment 13q32----qter.
      The second translocation between 14 and 18 was apparently balanced.

PMID- 3879155
TI  - Duplication 11 (q22----qter) in an infant. A case report with review.
AB  - A male infant with partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome 11 (11q22---
      qter) is described with a hitherto unreported translocation. In most cases 11q
      trisomy is associated with 11q/22q translocation and a 3:1 meiotic disjunction
      with 47 chromosomes. In a few cases the 11q translocation is associated with a
      partial deletion of other autosomes and a total of 46 chromosomes. In the present
      case, translocation to 9p is involved and no apparent deletion of 9p was noted,
      providing an opportunity to delineate the phenotypic features due to duplication
      of 11q. A comparison is made between the findings of partial 11q trisomy and
      11q/22q translocation.

PMID- 3879156
TI  - 46,XX,-12,+der(12),rcp(3;12)(p25.1;p13.31)pat karyotype in a girl. Probable
      subregional assignment of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase locus to
      12p13.1----p13.31 by exclusion mapping.
AB  - A female infant with partial trisomy 3p and a terminal deletion 12p, due to a
      paternal (3;12)(p25.1;p13.31) translocation is described. Normal glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate (GAPD) activity in the proposita tentatively excludes GAPD locus from
      the deleted segment. Therefore, the region for this locus is reduced to 12p13.1--
      -p13.31.

PMID- 3879157
TI  - Trisomy 15q23----qter due to a de novo t(11;15)(q25;q23) and assignment of the
      critical segment.
AB  - A 10 10/12-year-old boy with a de novo t(11;15)(q25;q23) leading to trisomy 15q23
      ---qter was studied. The clinical features were compatible with other cases of
      distal trisomy 15q. The critical segment for this trisomy is tentatively assigned
      to bands 15q25----qter.

PMID- 3879158
TI  - [Enhanced activity of the protective factors in patients with suppurative
      surgical infection using interferon preparations].
AB  - Administration of leukocytic interferon to patients with sepsis and purulent
      resorptive fever resulted in a reliable increase in the indices of the host
      protective factors with respect to the infections. Addition of interferon to the
      surgical and antibacterial treatment promoted a decrease in the periods providing
      the clinical effect to 19.8 days against 43.8 days in the treatment without
      interferon.

PMID- 3879159
TI  - In vitro antibacterial activity of Sch 34343 and its stability to beta-lactamases
      and renal dehydropeptidase 1.
AB  - The in vitro antibacterial activity of Sch 34343 against 1,328 strains of
      clinical isolates was compared with those of imipenem and ceftazidime. Sch 34343
      had a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and
      gram-negative bacteria but was inactive against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
      Pseudomonas maltophilia. Sch 34343 was quite stable to hydrolysis by beta
      lactamases, including both penicillinases and cephalosporinases. However, Sch
      34343 was slightly hydrolyzed by a new type of beta-lactamase
      (oxyiminocephalosporin beta-lactamase), as was imipenem. Sch 34343 was slightly
      hydrolyzed by renal dehydropeptidase 1 but was somewhat more stable than other
      carbapenems.

PMID- 3879160
TI  - Vitamin D metabolites in idiopathic infantile hypercalcaemia.
AB  - Metabolites of vitamin D were measured in plasma from 83 patients with idiopathic
      infantile hypercalcaemia syndrome who were mentally handicapped but had normal
      calcium values at the time of the study. No significant difference was detected
      in the mean plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin
      D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, or 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3 between patients and
      age matched controls. The mean plasma concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was
      significantly lower in patients than controls but this may be a secondary
      phenomenon related to less sunlight exposure. In addition, two hypercalcaemic
      patients with this syndrome were studied during the first year of life, and were
      found to have normal concentrations of vitamin D metabolites. These findings do
      not support a role for abnormal vitamin D metabolism in the pathogenesis of this
      syndrome.

PMID- 3879161
TI  - Current practice in health promotion.
AB  - Progress in health promotion and preventive programme planning is limited by a
      lack of data on the development of current activities. A cross sectional survey
      of hospitals, community health centres, and other health agencies in New South
      Wales was therefore undertaken to determine the nature and extent of health
      promotion programmes being conducted in the period July to December 1983. A
      subsample of 1198 preventive programmes in child and family health was
      identified, making up 26% of all programmes operating in this period. Results
      indicate that three major types of programme are being conducted in child health.
      These are in the areas of (1) parent education and support, (2) school health
      education, including drug and alcohol education and personal development, and (3)
      child safety and first aid. Although the nature of these programmes generally
      corresponds with current thinking on what priorities in health promotion should
      be, results also indicate that evaluation of these programmes is limited. Most
      programmes assess only what participants think of the programme rather than
      assessing changes in knowledge, attitude, behaviour, or health status.
      Improvements in evaluation practice are required if preventive intervention
      programmes are to undertake seriously the task of altering the pattern of
      diseases and problems in childhood and adolescence.

PMID- 3879162
TI  - Virulence genes and prevention of Haemophilus influenzae infections.

PMID- 3879163
TI  - [Value of lymph node biopsy in lymphadenopathies in patients presenting a high
      risk of AIDS].

PMID- 3879164
TI  - [Detection of Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage. Technic and
      results].

PMID- 3879165
TI  - Species differences in the formation of butadiene monoxide from 1,3-butadiene.
AB  - When 1,3-butadiene is incubated with liver postmitochondrial fractions from
      mouse, rat, monkey or man and a NADPH-regenerating system, the formation rate of
      butadiene monoxide is different in the four species. With the exception of the
      rhesus monkey, the amount of epoxide is proportional to the monooxygenase
      activity. The sequence of epoxide formation is B6C3F1 mouse, Sprague Dawley rat,
      man, rhesus monkey. The ratio between mouse and monkey was about 7:1. When 1,3
      butadiene is incubated with homogenates from lung tissue, only tissues from mouse
      and rat produce measurable butadiene monoxide concentrations. The monooxygenase
      activity in lung tissue of the mouse was only 1/30 that in mouse liver. By
      contrast, lung tissue formed epoxide concentrations comparable to those formed by
      liver tissue, whereas monkey and human lung tissue did not produce any measurable
      levels of butadiene monoxide. The data might suggest that the results of recent
      rodent inhalation studies with 1,3-butadiene could not automatically be
      extrapolated to man.

PMID- 3879168
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the sensory formations of the internal ear in the common
      frog].
AB  - By means of scanning electron microscopy method, sensory formations of the
      membranous labyrinth has been studied in the frog (Rana temporaria). The form of
      sensory fields and morphological peculiarities of the hair cells are described.
      For the saccular macula, amphibian and basilar papillae, the number of the hair
      cells is calculated, orientation of the hair cell poles is demonstrated.

PMID- 3879166
TI  - Low level chromium (VI) inhalation effects on alveolar macrophages and immune
      functions in Wistar rats.
AB  - In inhalation chambers, 5-week-old male Wistar rats of the strain TNO-W-74 were
      continuously exposed to submicron aerosols of sodium dichromate in concentrations
      from 25 (low level) to 200 micrograms/m3 Cr (high level). Subacute exposure (28
      days) to 25 and 50 micrograms/m3 Cr resulted in "activated" alveolar macrophages
      with stimulated phagocytic activities, and significantly elevated antibody
      responses to injected SRBC's. After subchronic (90 days) low level exposure there
      was a more pronounced effect on activation of the alveolar macrophages, with
      increased phagocytic activities. However, at high Cr (VI) exposure level (200
      microgram/m3), inhibited phagocytic function of the alveolar macrophages was
      seen. In rats which were exposed to this chromium aerosol concentration for 42
      days, the lung clearance of inert iron oxide was reduced significantly. The
      humoral immune system was still stimulated at subchronic low chromium aerosol
      concentrations of 100 micrograms/m3, but significantly depressed at 200
      micrograms/m3 Cr. These results show that respiratory defence and immunologic
      functions were stimulated or inhibited depending on dose and time of chromium
      (VI) inhalation.

PMID- 3879167
TI  - Effect of acyclovir on mammalian embryonic development in culture.
AB  - Acyclovir [9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine] interfered with embryonic
      development in vitro when assessed with the "whole-embryo" culture technique. The
      "no-observed-effect level" was at 10 microM acyclovir; Minor impairment of
      embryonic development (retarded development of ear anlagen) was observed in vitro
      at 25 microM acyclovir in the culture medium. At high concentrations (100 or 200
      microM) development of the ear anlagen was largely inhibited. At concentrations
      of 50 microM acyclovir or higher, additional disturbances of embryonic
      differentiation in vitro became obvious, resulting in gross structural
      abnormalities, especially of the brain (telencephalon); Histological examinations
      confirmed and extended these observations: at 100 microM acyclovir alterations of
      the neuroepithelium of the ventricles were pronounced, the telencephalon had
      developed poorly or was almost completely absent, and necroses were seen in the
      ear anlagen, the maxillary branch and within the somites; In a limb bud culture
      (mouse embryos, starting with day 11 of gestation) acyclovir interfered with the
      differentiation of cartilaginous bone anlagen at concentrations of 200 microM and
      more in the culture medium. A concentration of 100 microM induced no significant
      effect. Thus, this organ culture system is less sensitive to the action of
      acyclovir when compared with whole-embryo culture; Contrary to the results
      achieved with acyclovir, physiological nucleosides (2'-deoxyguanosine and 2'
      deoxyadenosine) did not interfere with embryonic development in vitro even at the
      highest concentration tested (500 microM).

PMID- 3879169
TI  - [Structure and origin of axonal terminals innervating neurons of the vestibular
      ganglia].
AB  - Structural organization of the frog axonal terminals, realizing the synaptic
      contact with neurons of the vestibular ganglion have been studied electron
      microscopically. Two kinds of axonal terminals are revealed. They differ in
      quantitative and qualitative composition of their synaptic vesicles convergated
      simultaneously in various combinations to the ganglious neurons. Using the axonal
      retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase, the nature of these axonal
      terminals is analysed. Their source is demonstrated to be neurons of the
      reticular formation and ventral vestibular nucleus of the medulla oblongata, as
      well as Purkinje's cells of the cerebellum.

PMID- 3879170
TI  - [Structuro-functional changes of bushy receptors after reoxygenation].
AB  - With restarting oxygen supply to the bushy receptors of the frog urinary bladder,
      a gradual increase of impulse frequency in the afferent neural fibers is
      observed, with a successive exceed, in some cases, of the initial level and
      rearrangement of spike rhythmicity according to the type of "spasmodic"
      discharges. Certain acceleration is noted in vital staining and discoloration of
      the receptors. This is expressed in shortening coloration time, in increasing
      rate for accumulation restorative equivalents, in intensified granuloformation.
      Ultrastructural shifts are mainly demonstrated in normalization of the
      mitochondrial apparatus.

PMID- 3879171
TI  - Branhamella catarrhalis, a respiratory tract pathogen.
AB  - Branhamella catarrhalis, formerly regarded as an oropharyngeal commensal, has
      more recently been implicated as an opportunistic pathogen in the respiratory
      tract. This report describes the isolation of B. catarrhalis from two consecutive
      samples of empyema fluid and also from sputum in thirteen cases of lower
      respiratory tract disease, where the isolate was considered to be etiologically
      significant. The antibiotic therapy required to treat such infections is
      discussed.

PMID- 3879173
TI  - Aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase from trichomonas vaginalis. Identity
      of aspartate aminotransferase and aromatic amino acid aminotransferase.
AB  - Aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase from the anaerobic protozoon
      Trichomonas vaginalis was purified to homogeneity and characterized. It is a
      dimeric protein of overall Mr approx. 100000. Only a single isoenzyme was found
      in T. vaginalis. The overall molecular and catalytic properties have features in
      common with both the vertebrate cytoplasmic and mitochondrial isoenzymes. The
      purified aspartate aminotransferase from T. vaginalis showed very high rates of
      activity with aromatic amino acids as donors and 2-oxoglutarate as acceptor. This
      broad-spectrum activity was restricted to aromatic amino acids and aromatic 2-oxo
      acids, and no significant activity was seen with other common amino acids, other
      than with the substrates and products of the aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate
      aminotransferase reaction. Co-purification and co-inhibition, by the irreversible
      inhibitor gostatin, of the aromatic amino acid aminotransferase and aspartate
      aminotransferase activities, in conjunction with competitive substrate
      experiments, strongly suggest that a single enzyme is responsible for both
      activities. Such high rates of aromatic amino acid aminotransferase activity have
      not been reported before in eukaryotic aspartate aminotransferase.

PMID- 3879172
TI  - Size of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium pool in guinea-pig
      hepatocytes.
AB  - Permeabilized hepatocytes accumulated 45Ca2+ into a non-mitochondrial pool when
      provided with ATP. 45Ca2+ efflux from this pool was revealed by removal of ATP
      with glucose and hexokinase or by inhibiting uptake with NaVO3. The effect of
      inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) on 45Ca2+ efflux from the pool was
      investigated. IP3 (5 microM) evoked a rapid increase in the rate of 45Ca2+
      efflux. Kinetic analysis of the effect of IP3 indicated the existence of two
      distinct Ca2+ fractions within the pool; only one, accounting for about one-third
      of the ATP-dependent Ca2+ content of the pool, was responsive to IP3. The effect
      of IP3 on 45Ca2+ efflux from the non-mitochondrial pool does not require ATP, a
      finding that is inconsistent with a previous suggestion that this effect may be
      mediated by protein phosphorylation.

PMID- 3879174
TI  - Influence of (+)-propoxyphene on the hexachlorobenzene-induced porphyria of rats.
AB  - The increased urinary porphyrin excretion after hexachlorobenzene (HCB) could be
      reduced by simultaneous application of (+)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-methyl-1,2
      diphenyl-2-butanol propionate ((+)-propoxyphene) to female Wistar rats over a
      period of 60 days. Total porphyrin excretion and predominantly the higher
      carboxylated porphyrins, such as uroporphyrin were reduced under the influence of
      (+)-propoxyphene. (+)-Propoxyphene led to an increase of hepatic cytochrome P-450
      content and the cytochrome P-450 dependent enzymes arylhydrocarbon-hydroxylase-
      and aminopyrine-N-demethylase activities, whereas the 7-ethoxycoumarine
      deethylase activity was not changed. The simultaneous treatment of rats with HCB
      and (+)-propoxyphene decreased the HCB induced cytochrome P-450 content and the
      aminopyrine-N-demethylase activity. The arylhydrocarbon-hydroxylase activity,
      however, was increased, whereas no influence on the 7-ethoxycoumarine-deethylase
      activity could be demonstrated by (+)-propoxyphene treatment of HCB exposed rats.
      It is under discussion that a reduction of aminopyrine-N-demethylase activity by
      the drug in the liver alters the HCB metabolism resulting in a reduced production
      of a probable ultimative porphyrogenic agent.

PMID- 3879175
TI  - Clinical experience and results of treatment with suprofen in pediatrics. 4th
      communication: Assessment of pain in babies and infants/Analgesic effect of
      suprofen syrup in otitis media.
AB  - In a study including a total of 175 children, ranging in age from 3 months to 3
      years and suffering from otitis media, the analgesic effect of alpha-methyl-4-(2
      thienylcarbonyl)-phenyl acetic acid (suprofen, Suprol) syrup was compared with
      that of lidocaine 0.03 g/6 g + phenazone (phenyl-dimethylpyrazolone) 0.03 g/6 g
      (L PDP) ear drops. The study was designed as an open controlled trial. The test
      medications were applied in single doses: suprofen 5-7.5 mg/kg b.w., orally; (L
      PDP) 1 drop, locally. The severity of pain was assessed in the beginning of the
      treatment and 2 h following administration of the drugs. The results were
      indicative of the fact that in children on suprofen syrup marked pain relief was
      obtained, whereas the painful condition of children on L PDP ear drops even
      deteriorated.

PMID- 3879176
TI  - Clinical effect of rectal application of suprofen in children. An open controlled
      study.
AB  - Antipyretic effect, tolerability, and acceptance of alpha-methyl-4-(2
      thienylcarbonyl)-phenyl acetic acid (suprofen, Suprol) suppositories were tested
      in an open study including 90 hospitalized children with fever of various
      etiology. The mean rectal temperature prior to treatment was 39.3 degrees C. The
      dose regimen was chosen depending upon the body weight: Up to 4 suppositories
      were administered for maximally 4 days. Body temperature as well as pulse and
      respiratory rates were recorded prior to insertion of the suppository and 0.5, 1,
      1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h following first application of the preparation.
      Regardless of sex and age the temperature was reduced in 85.5% of the cases; as
      compared to the initial values this reduction was after first application
      statistically significant at all rating times. The only adverse reaction -
      vomiting - was seen in 3 cases.

PMID- 3879177
TI  - The primary structure of alpha-amylase inhibitor Z-2685 from Streptomyces
      parvullus FH-1641. Sequence homology between inhibitor and alpha-amylase.
AB  - The native and oxidized alpha-amylase inhibitor Z-2685, isolated from the culture
      medium of Streptomyces parvullus FH-1641, and its overlapping cleavage products
      were degraded by the automatic Edman technique. Digestion was carried out with
      pepsin, thermolysin and trypsin. The alpha-amylase inhibitor is a polypeptide
      consisting of 76 amino acids with a molecular mass of 8 129 Da. With the
      exception of methionine and lysine, all naturally occurring amino acids are
      present. It is interesting that identical regions exist, in particular the
      sequence Trp-Arg-Tyr common to all four known microbial inhibitor sequences. We
      believe that the side chains of these three amino acids are important for
      interacting with the alpha-amylase molecule. Computer alignment enabled us to
      show a possible binding region in the alpha-amylase molecule which might react
      with the inhibitors. Furthermore, homology exists to mammalian alpha-amylases.
      This result is explained by the assumption that the inhibitor evolved from a
      duplication of the original gene of the enzyme.

PMID- 3879178
TI  - [Antipyretic and anti-inflammatory action of imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate in
      pediatric patients with febrile infections of the respiratory tract].

PMID- 3879179
TI  - [The antipyretic and antiphlogistic activity of imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate in
      pediatric respiratory inflammations].

PMID- 3879180
TI  - [Antipyretic efficacy of oral imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate in pediatric patients].

PMID- 3879181
TI  - [Analysis of the immunosuppressive mechanism in patients with malignant brain
      tumors].
AB  - Immunosuppressive mechanisms in patients with malignant brain tumors were studied
      with the use of a nylon wool column and monoclonal antibodies. Peripheral blood
      lymphocytes (P.B.L.) from the patients (82 malignant gliomas, 65 metastatic brain
      tumors) were tested for their ability to inhibit lymphocytoblastogenesis, and
      reacted with monoclonal anti Leu 1, 2a and 3a antibodies to identify the subsets
      of T lymphocytes. Depression of the lymphocytoblastogenesis was detected
      significantly by the patients' P.B.L. passed through the nylon-wool column, but
      not detected by that adhering to the column. This suppressor cell activity was
      shown to do its work over the barrier of major histocompatibility complex, and
      seemed to be associated with Con. A-induced suppressor cell activity. Especially,
      in the patients with malignant gliomas, the suppressor T cells seemed to be
      induced by tumor cells, and mediate the noted immunodepression. Furthermore,
      analysis of T cell subsets using monoclonal antibodies showed that the suppressor
      cell activity in the patients with malignant gliomas seemed to be closely
      correlated with Leu 2a+ cells, and the Leu 3a+/Leu 2a+ ratio decreased with tumor
      loads suggesting that the suppressor T cells are more dominant than the helper T
      cells. These immunological studies help to advance therapeutic protocols of the
      patients, because suppressor cells may be related to the escape mechanism of
      malignant brain tumors.

PMID- 3879182
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of the trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole combination in the
      elderly.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of a co-trimoxazole preparation (Bactrim Forte) containing
      trimethoprim (TMP) 160 mg and sulphamethoxazole (SMZ) 800 mg were determined in
      six young adults (29.3 +/- 4.4 s.d. years) and six elderly people (78.6 +/- 6.6
      s.d. years). Following oral administration of a single dose, the pharmacokinetic
      parameters of SMZ and its N4-acetylated metabolite (N4SMZ) were similar in both
      groups. However Cmax of TMP was greater (2.06 +/- 0.29 s.d. vs 1.57 +/- 0.32 s.d.
      mg l-1; P less than 0.01) and its area under the curve was larger (34.30 +/- 6.98
      s.d. vs 23.87 +/- 3.82 s.d. mg l-1 h; P less than 0.001) in elderly people than
      in younger subjects. Total clearance (CL/F) of TMP normalized to body weight was
      not significantly different in the two groups. There was no significant
      difference in serum protein binding of TMP and SMZ between the two groups.
      Urinary excretion of TMP, SMZ and N4SMZ was reduced by about 50% in the elderly
      compared to the young subjects. Renal clearance of TMP was significantly lower in
      the elderly group (19 +/- 10 s.d. vs 55 +/- 14 s.d. ml h-1 kg-1; P less than
      0.001). Renal clearance of SMZ was not significantly different in the two groups.
      A study of plasma concentrations of TMP, SMZ and N4SMZ during continuous dosing
      in seven elderly patients treated for urinary or respiratory infections showed
      that steady state was reached after 3 days of treatment and that plasma drug
      concentrations were about two to three times higher than those observed after a
      single dose.

PMID- 3879183
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ranitidine in acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage.
AB  - A pharmacokinetic study of ranitidine was performed in 14 patients with
      haematemesis divided into two groups according to the severity of blood loss.
      Pharmacokinetic values were calculated from plasma concentrations after the first
      of three daily injections (100 mg) and compared with those obtained in five
      healthy volunteers (50 mg i.v.). There were no significant differences between
      patients in the two haemorrhage groups and controls. The low, or even
      questionable, effectiveness of histamine H2-receptor antagonists in the treatment
      of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage does not seem to be due to pharmacokinetic
      factors.

PMID- 3879184
TI  - Chronic cough.

PMID- 3879185
TI  - Picosecond kinetics of the initial photochemical electron-transfer reaction in
      bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers.
AB  - The absorption changes that occur in reaction centers of the photosynthetic
      bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides during the initial photochemical electron
      transfer reaction have been examined. Measurements were made between 740 and 1300
      nm at 295 and 80 K by using a pulse-probe technique with 610-nm, 0.8-ps flashes.
      An excited singlet state of the bacteriochlorophyll dimer P* was found to give
      rise to stimulated emission with a spectrum similar to that determined previously
      for fluorescence from reaction centers. The stimulated emission was used to
      follow the decay of P*; its lifetime was 4.1 +/- 0.2 ps at 295 K and 2.2 +/- 0.1
      ps at 80 K. Within the experimental uncertainty, the absorption changes
      associated with the formation of a bacteriopheophytin anion, Bph-, develop in
      concert with the decay of P* at both temperatures, as does the absorption
      increase near 1250 nm due to the formation of the cation of P, P+. No evidence
      was found for the formation of a bacteriochlorophyll anion, Bchl-, prior to the
      formation of Bph-. This is surprising, because in the crystal structure of the
      Rhodopseudomonas viridis reaction center [Deisenhofer, J., Epp, O., Miki, K.,
      Huber, R., & Michel, H. (1984) J. Mol. Biol. 180, 385-398] a Bchl is located
      approximately in between P and the Bph. It is possible that Bchl- (or Bchl+) is
      formed but, due to kinetic or thermodynamic constraints, is never present at a
      sufficient concentration for us to observe. Alternatively, a virtual charge
      transfer state, such as P+Bchl-Bph or PBchl+Bph-, could serve to lower the energy
      barrier for direct electron transfer between P* and the Bph.

PMID- 3879186
TI  - Crystal structure of the alpha, beta, gamma-tridentate manganese complex of
      adenosine 5'-triphosphate cocrystallized with 2,2'-dipyridylamine.
AB  - The 1:1:1 complex of Mn2+, ATP, and 2,2'-dipyridylamine (DPA) crystallizes as Mn
      (HATP)2.Mn(H2O)6.(HDPA)2.12H2O in the orthorhombic space group C222(1) with unit
      cell dimensions a = 10.234 (3) A, b = 22.699 (3) A, and c = 31.351 (4) A. The
      structure was solved by the multisolution technique and refined by the least
      squares method to a final R index of 0.072 using 3516 intensities. The structure
      is composed of two ATP molecules sharing a common manganese atom. The metal
      exhibits alpha, beta, gamma coordination to the triphosphate chains of two dyad
      related ATP molecules, resulting in a hexacoordinated Mn2+ ion surrounded by six
      phosphate groups. The metal to oxygen distances are 2.205 (6), 2.156 (4), and
      2.144 (5) A for the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-phosphate groups, respectively. No
      metal-base interactions are observed. There is a second hexaaqua-coordinated Mn2+
      ion that is also located on a dyad axis. The hydrated manganese ions sandwich the
      phosphate-coordinated manganese ions in the crystal with a metal-metal distance
      of 5.322 A. The ATP molecule is protonated on the N(1) site of the adenine base
      and exhibits the anti conformation (chi = 66.0 degrees). The ribofuranose ring is
      in the 2/3 T conformation with pseudorotation parameters P = 179 (1) degrees and
      tau m = 34.1 (6) degrees. The adenine bases form hydrogen-bonded self-pairs
      across a crystallographic dyad axis and stack with both DPA molecules to form a
      column along the dyad. The structure of the metal-ATP complex provides
      information about the possible metal coordination, conformation, and environment
      of the nucleoside triphosphate substrate in the enzyme.

PMID- 3879187
TI  - Comparison of lipid binding and kinetic properties of normal, variant, and gamma
      carboxyglutamic acid modified human factor IX and factor IXa.
AB  - The abilities of normal and three abnormal factor IXa molecules to activate
      factor X and to bind to phospholipid membranes have been compared to define the
      contributions of protein-lipid interactions and factor IXa light chain-heavy
      chain interactions to the functioning of this protein. The abnormal proteins
      studied had altered amino acid residues in their light chains. The heavy-chain
      regions, containing the active site serine and histidine residues, were normal in
      the abnormal proteins on the basis of titration by antithrombin III. The binding
      constants (Kd) for normal (N), variant [Chapel Hill (CH) and Alabama (AL)], and
      gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) modified (MOD) factors IX and IXa to
      phosphatidylserine (PS)/phosphatidylcholine (PC) small, unilamellar vesicles
      (SUV) were measured by 90 degrees light scattering. The Kd values for factor IXN
      binding were quite sensitive to the PS content of the membrane but less sensitive
      to Ca2+ concentrations between 0.5 and 10 mM. The zymogen and activated forms of
      both normal and abnormal factor IX bound with similar affinities to PS/PC (30/70)
      SUV. In the cases of factor IXaN and factor IXaAL, but not factor IXaCH or factor
      IXaMOD, irreversible changes in scattering intensity suggested protein-induced
      vesicle fusion. Since the activation peptide is not released from factor IXaCH,
      the normal interaction of factor IXa with a membrane must require the release of
      the activation peptide and the presence of intact Gla residues. The rate of
      factor X activation by normal and abnormal factor IXa was obtained by using a
      chromogenic substrate for factor Xa in the presence of PS/PC (30/70) SUV and 5 mM
      Ca2+.

PMID- 3879188
TI  - Energetics of activation in frog skeletal muscle at sarcomere lengths beyond
      myofilament overlap.
AB  - Experiments were designed to gain information about the effects of extremely long
      sarcomere lengths (greater than 3.8 microns) on muscle activation. The amount of
      energy liberated in an isometric twitch by muscles stretched to sarcomere lengths
      where myofilament overlap is vanishingly small (greater than 3.6 microns) is
      thought to be an indirect measure of the Ca2+ cycled during contraction. The
      effects of altering sarcomere length from 3.8 to 4.3 microns on the amount of
      Ca2+ cycled was measured using twitch energy liberation as an indicator of the
      Ca2+ cycled. Twitch energy liberation decreased by approximately 20% over this
      sarcomere length region, suggesting that the amount of Ca2+ released by a single
      action potential is not altered dramatically when a muscle is stretched to
      extreme lengths.

PMID- 3879190
TI  - DPT immunization following radio announcement of a diphtheria death in Belize.

PMID- 3879191
TI  - Recurrent obscure small-bowel haemorrhage due to metastatic renal carcinoma.

PMID- 3879189
TI  - Potassium efflux from single skinned skeletal muscle fibers.
AB  - The efflux of 42K from single, skinned (sarcolemma removed) skeletal muscle
      fibers has been determined. Isotope washout curves are kinetically complex and
      can be fit as the sum of three exponentials, including a fast component (k = 0.25
      s-1) with a pool size equivalent to 91% of the fiber volume, an intermediate
      component (k = 0.08 s-1) equivalent to 6% of the fiber volume, and a slow
      component (k = 0.008 s-1) equivalent to 0.5% of fiber volume. Only the
      intermediate kinetic component is significantly affected by pretreatment of
      fibers with detergent. Efflux curves from detergent-treated fibers could be fit
      as the sum of two exponentials with coefficients and rate constants comparable to
      those of the fast and slow component of washout of untreated controls. Similarly
      the washout of [14C]sucrose can be described as the sum of two exponentials. We
      conclude that the intermediate component of 42K washout results from the movement
      of ions from a membrane bound space within the skinned fiber. Because of its
      relative volume, the sarcoplasmic reticulum seems to be a reasonable choice as a
      structural correlate for this component. Our estimate of the potassium
      permeability for the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) based on the efflux data is 10(
      7) cm/s. This value is less than previous estimates from isolated preparations.

PMID- 3879192
TI  - Treatment for lateral epicondylitis: variables related to recovery.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a treatment
      regime utilised for lateral epicondylitis that is designed to expedite return to
      activity and to identify variables related to treatment outcomes. Patients
      treated in a sports medicine clinic between 1978 and 1980 received, by mail, a
      brief questionnaire investigating the variables of the injuries and level of
      success of the treatment. Specific techniques ensured confidentiality and
      validation of information. Through the analyses conducted, an inverse
      relationship in the total group between the level of success and the duration of
      pain was documented; for example, the mean durations of pain, 17.3 months, 10.3
      months, and 6.3 months correlated, respectively, with the levels of success, 0
      (no recovery), 2 (moderate recovery), and 4 (complete recovery). In addition, the
      application of multiple risk factor analysis, incorporating a maximum of eight
      variables, identified the degree of pain prior to treatment as the most important
      predictor of complete recovery; the greater the pain the more likely the complete
      success of the treatments. The implications of these findings include a need for
      early case-finding to elicit the most favourable outcomes of the treatment regime
      studied.

PMID- 3879193
TI  - Physiotherapy and electromyography in muscle cramp.
AB  - Four cases of muscle cramps, at a sports institute, are presented. Electric
      activity was increased in cramp due to overload. The influence of stretching,
      electro- and compression therapies on these increased Electromyographic (EMG)
      activities was studied. The registration was performed with an EMG-analyser
      combined with a recorder, using surface electrodes.

PMID- 3879194
TI  - Burn sera mediated effects on the E-rosetting property of normal active T1 cells.
AB  - This study investigates the suppressive effects of burn sera on normal active T1
      cells. The results revealed that burn sera collected from survivors and non
      survivors during the initial 'shock' phase caused varied effects on the 'E'
      rosetting properties of normal active T1 cells. However, unlike non-survivor sera
      convalescent or recovery sera failed to block the 'E' rosetting property of T1
      cells. Furthermore, cold incubation in fetal calf sera (FCS) failed to abrogate
      the loss of T1 cells which were exposed to non-survivor (early) sera; these
      samples also revealed the presence of antigenic factors. Our experiments were
      extended to investigate the mechanisms resulting in the irreversible change, and
      showed that the inhibiting factors could be acting at the microtubular level of
      the cell cortex.

PMID- 3879195
TI  - Methyltestosterone-induced night blindness.
AB  - A 59-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of night blindness and a 9
      month history of steatorrhea. Both symptoms had appeared after he had begun
      taking methyltestosterone. Investigations revealed low serum levels of carotene
      (0.1 mmol/L) and vitamin A (0.4 to 0.7 mmol/L), anomalous colour perception,
      elevation of the rod threshold by 3.5 log units in dark adaptometry, and
      decreased b-wave amplitudes in photopic and scotopic electroretinograms. No
      biochemical evidence of cholestasis was elicited. The symptoms and the
      biochemical and electrophysiologic abnormalities resolved within 9 months of the
      discontinuation of methyltestosterone.

PMID- 3879196
TI  - A new femoral bypass graft catheter.
AB  - A three-dimensional left coronary bypass graft catheter with a sidewinder
      configuration is described. It is best suited for superior origins of left
      coronary bypass grafts. This graft catheter has been used successfully from the
      femoral route in more than 620 patients without serious complications. The method
      for using this catheter from the femoral route is described.

PMID- 3879197
TI  - [Amebiasis and the anti-ameba campaign].

PMID- 3879198
TI  - Recent advances in cholera research: memorandum from a WHO meeting.
AB  - Vibrio cholerae O1 is an important cause of diarrhoeal disease in large parts of
      Asia and Africa. The seventh pandemic of cholera is still continuing (92
      countries have so far been affected), and other organisms related to V. cholerae
      O1 are being reported increasingly frequently as the cause of diarrhoeal
      outbreaks as well as endemic diarrhoea.Recent research has considerably increased
      our understanding of how cholera is transmitted, the mechanisms by which V.
      cholera O1 produces disease, and the functioning of the local intestinal immune
      response by which individuals can be protected from infection. One result of
      these advances has been the development of experimental cholera vaccines, derived
      from non-living and attenuated live strains, which promise to become a new tool
      for the control of cholera. These matters, which were reviewed by the WHO
      Scientific Working Group on Bacterial Enteric Infections at a meeting in Geneva,
      Switzerland, in September 1984, are described together with recommendations for
      future research.

PMID- 3879199
TI  - A simple colorimetric method for the determination of primaquine metabolites in
      urine.
AB  - A simple method of screening large numbers of urine samples for the presence of
      primaquine metabolites has been developed using a commercially available
      diazonium salt reagent and an extraction cartridge. The extraction requires only
      1.0 ml of urine and is selective for acidic or neutral primaquine metabolites.
      With primaquine-dosed rats, primaquine metabolites could be detected 36 hours
      after administration of the drug. The sensitivity of the method was found to be
      approximately 400 mug/l.

PMID- 3879200
TI  - Determination of chloroquine and its metabolites in urine: a field method based
      on ion-pair extraction.
AB  - A new straightforward photometric method for the assay of the antimalarial drug
      chloroquine and its metabolites in urine is described. The method involves an ion
      pair extraction procedure with dichloromethane using the acid-base indicator
      bromthymol blue as counter-ion. The ion pair formed with chloroquine in the
      organic phase is yellow, and absorbance is measured at lambda = 410 nm using a
      filter photometer. The absorbance is a linear function of concentration up to 400
      mumol/l (120 mg/l) chloroquine. The method is suitable for the determination of
      chloroquine and its metabolites in urine down to a limiting concentration of
      about 10 mumol/l (3 mg/l). Additionally, the method is suitable for
      semiquantitative visual estimation of the concentration of chloroquine in urine.
      A single dose of 5 mg/kg chloroquine base could be determined in urine from two
      volunteers for at least 8 days after administration of the drug. The results
      obtained for the analysis of chloroquine and its metabolites with the
      colorimetric method described here correlate well with those obtained using high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3879201
TI  - Case-control study to identify risk factors for paediatric endemic typhoid fever
      in Santiago, Chile.
AB  - Typhoid fever is an important endemic health problem in Santiago, Chile. Its
      incidence has more than doubled in recent years, during which access to potable
      water and sewage disposal in the home became almost universal in the city. A
      matched case-control study was carried out to identify risk factors and vehicles
      of transmission of paediatric typhoid fever; 81 children in the 3-14-years age
      group with typhoid fever were compared with controls, matched with respect to
      age, sex, and neighbourhood. It was found that case children more frequently
      bought lunch at school and shared food with classmates. Also, case children more
      often consumed flavoured ices bought outside the home; none of 41 other food
      items considered in the study was associated with a higher risk of typhoid fever.
      Only two food handlers for cases and one for controls were positive for
      Salmonella typhi, indicating that persons preparing food solely for their own
      family were not the main source of S. typhi infection. Rather, the risk factors
      identified in this study are consistent with the hypothesis that paediatric
      endemic typhoid fever in Santiago is largely spread by consumption of food-stuffs
      that are prepared outside the individual's home and are shared with or sold to
      children.

PMID- 3879202
TI  - Evaluation of the opportunities for and contraindications to immunization in a
      tropical paediatric clinic.
AB  - The immunization status and frequency of contraindications to immunization were
      studied in 446 children attending the paediatric clinic of a teaching hospital in
      south India. In all, 27% of the children were up to date in their immunizations,
      19% had a contraindication, and 57% required and could safely be given
      immunizations. A policy of offering immunizations in paediatric clinics to all
      who require them and who do not have a contraindication would result in
      protection of a significant number of unimmunized children.

PMID- 3879203
TI  - Case-control study on encephalopathy associated with diphtheria-tetanus
      immunization in Campania, Italy.
AB  - Between 1980 and 1982 in the Campania region of Italy, several cases of
      encephalopathy in children who had only a week previously been given diphtheria
      tetanus immunizations were reported to the Italian Ministry of Health in Rome. A
      case-control study was therefore set up to test the association between the
      syndrome and immunization. For this purpose, cases were defined as children
      between 3 and 48 months who had been admitted to an intensive care unit with
      symptoms such as convulsions of unknown origin, Reye's syndrome, or death from
      unknown causes. The fatality rate from encephalopathy among the immunized
      children in the study was 25 out of 29 (86%). In Campania (population 5.4
      million), the annual incidence of encephalopathy associated with diphtheria
      tetanus immunization was estimated to be 2.9 per 100 000 doses of the vaccine.

PMID- 3879204
TI  - The immune status of young adult females in Ethiopia to rubella virus infection.
AB  - The results of a study on the prevalence of rubella-specific antibody among young
      adult females aged 14-25 years old in four cities and one district town in
      Ethiopia are presented. The highest prevalence of rubella antibody (97%) was
      found among young females in Addis Ababa in the central region of the country,
      followed by those in Dessie, in the north of Ethiopia, and in Awassa in the
      south, both of which exhibited 94% prevalence. The next highest prevalences were
      observed in Dire Dawa (88%), a large town in the Hararge region, and in Gambella
      (85%), a town in the remote western part of the country. The overall prevalence
      of the antibody was found to be 94%. The remaining 6% of the young adult female
      population are potentially susceptible to rubella virus infection. It follows
      that the incidence of congenital rubella infection is probably low in Ethiopia
      because the vast majority of the female population is immune.

PMID- 3879205
TI  - Markers of hepatitis viruses A and B: direct comparison between whole serum and
      blood spotted on filter-paper.
AB  - The use of blood spotted on filter-paper is a cheap and convenient method for
      collecting, storing and transporting samples for analysis of markers of hepatitis
      virus B. Vaccine against viral hepatitis B is now available but is expensive,
      and, in order to make the best use of it, large-scale screening programmes need
      to be carried out in endemic areas prior to immunization campaigns. The
      sensitivity of the filter-paper method was compared with that of the analysis of
      whole serum, and the epidemiological data produced by the two methods were
      analysed. It was found that analysis of eluates of blood spotted on filter-paper
      cannot be recommended if accurate results are wanted, since large numbers of
      seropositive persons are likely to be missed; however, it may be a suitable
      method for detecting HBsAg-carriers and most anti-HBs-positive individuals prior
      to an immunization campaign.

PMID- 3879206
TI  - Rainfall and epizootic Rift Valley fever.
AB  - Epizootic Rift Valley fever (RVF) has occurred in Kenya four times over the last
      30 years. Widespread, frequent, and persistent rainfall has been a feature of
      these epizootic periods. A composite statistic, based upon measurements of these
      rainfall characteristics, is positive during periods of epizootic Rift Valley
      fever. The heavy rainfall raises the level of the water table in certain areas,
      flooding the grassland depressions (dambos) that are the habitat of the immature
      forms of certain ground-pool-breeding mosquitos of the genus Aedes. RVF virus is
      probably transmitted transovarially in these species, very large numbers of which
      emerge under these damp conditions. This is when clinical signs of the disease
      are first seen.

PMID- 3879207
TI  - A review of the dietary intakes of chemical contaminants.
AB  - Data on the dietary intakes of certain contaminants have been received from
      eleven collaborating centres participating in the Joint FAO/WHO Food
      Contamination Monitoring Programme. The data cover the period from 1971 to 1983
      and include information on the intakes of a series of organochlorine and
      organophosphorus pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, cadmium, lead, and
      aflatoxins.When compared with the acceptable daily intake (ADI) or provisional
      tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of the pesticides/contaminants in question, the
      data indicate that, in some countries, the exposure to certain organochlorine
      pesticides may constitute a significant portion ofthe ADI. Because of the
      concentration of these compounds in the fatty portions of food, a high animal fat
      intake will increase the dietary exposure to organochlorine compoundsDietary
      intakes of cadmium and lead constitute an appreciable percentage oft he PTWI for
      these two contaminants. As the intakes of cadmium and lead per kilogram of body
      weight are highest for infants and children, every effort should be made to
      reduce the levels of these two contaminants in the food supply.

PMID- 3879208
TI  - Immunopathology of the eye: purification of canine retinal "S" antigen.
AB  - Canine retinal S antigen has been purified to study the retinal progressive
      atrophy of the dog. The purified antigen will be used to detect, by the ELISA
      technique, specific autoantibody in dogs with ocular diseases.

PMID- 3879209
TI  - Cerebral blood flow and brain atrophy correlated by xenon contrast CT scanning.
AB  - Correlations between cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured during stable xenon
      contrast CT scanning and standard CT indices of brain atrophy were investigated
      in the patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type, multi-infarct dementia
      and idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Compared to age-matched normal volunteers,
      significant correlations were found in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's
      disease between cortical and subcortical gray matter blood flow and brain atrophy
      estimated by the ventricular body ratio, and mild to moderate brain atrophy were
      correlated with stepwise CBF reductions. However, in patients with senile
      dementia of Alzheimer type and multi-infarct dementia, brain atrophy was not
      associated with stepwise CBF reductions. Overall correlations between brain
      atrophy and reduced CBF were weak. Mild degrees of brain atrophy are not always
      associated with reduced CBF.

PMID- 3879210
TI  - Bacterial infection of a neurotrophic cornea in an immunocompromised subject.
AB  - The following is a case report of a 61-year-old woman with a 10-year history of
      pemphigus vulgaris, successfully treated with steroids and cytotoxic agents. The
      patient developed severe herpes zoster ophthalmicus, complicated by a staph
      indolent corneal ulcer. This case illustrates several of the many unfortunate
      ophthalmological complications that may develop in the immunocompromised patient.

PMID- 3879211
TI  - [Preliminary study on T gamma cell assay in recurrent aphthous ulcer, Behcet's
      disease and lichen planus].

PMID- 3879212
TI  - [Surface morphologic changes of thymocytes in Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma-bearing
      mice].
AB  - The surface morphologic changes of thymocytes in Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma (EAC)
      bearing mice were studied by scanning electronmicroscope. The changes were:
      marked atrophy of the thymus; rapid loss of surface microvilli; formation of the
      blebs of various sizes; roughening of cell surface and some twisty cells on day
      10 after intraperitoneal injection of EAC (4 X 10(6) cell/mouse). These changes
      show that the early degeneration of the thymocytes takes place during the EAC
      development. The significance is discussed in detail.

PMID- 3879213
TI  - Sunscreens block the induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis and the inhibition of
      DNA synthesis by UV-B radiation in normal human fibroblasts. A new way of
      evaluating sunscreen efficacy in vitro.
AB  - In order to evaluate the photoprotective efficacy of sunscreens against the
      chronic actinic damage, we tested 3 sunscreens for their ability to reduce the
      induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) and to prevent the inhibition of
      semi-conservative DNA synthesis by medium wavelength ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation
      in the normal human cultured fibroblasts in vitro. The values obtained are
      correlated with the sun protection factors (SPF) expressing the erythema
      inhibition in normal human skin. All sunscreens tested showed a protective
      effect. The protective factor for the induction of UDS is 10.1 for Spectraban 15
      (SPF 15), 3.6 for Spectraban 5.6 (SPF 5.6) and 1.9 for 2.5% Indomethacin
      solution, whereas the protective factor for the inhibition of semi-conservative
      DNA synthesis of 15.2, 3.9 and 2.1 for each sunscreen was evaluated. These
      methods seem to be useful as a screening procedure for the evaluation of
      sunscreen effectiveness against chronic actinic skin damage including light
      induced skin malignancies.

PMID- 3879214
TI  - The value of early endoscopic diagnosis of bleeding from the upper
      gastrointestinal tract: experience at Ife.

PMID- 3879215
TI  - [Effect of Visotrast (R) and bilirubin on lipase and alpha-amylase activities of
      pancreatic secretions].
AB  - The contamination of pancreatic juice obtained by endoscopic retrograde
      catheterism of the papilla by cannulation of the pancreatic duct with contrast
      medium is possible. When the amount of "VisotrastR 370" is more then 0.05 ml per
      ml one observes a decrease of the lipase while alpha-amylase is unchanged.-
      Bilirubin has also an influence on the activity of lipase - but not on the alpha
      amylase.

PMID- 3879216
TI  - [Modified ALTAB test in the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency].
AB  - The indirect estimation of chymotrypsin by the tubeless ALTAB-test was performed
      in 17 patients with well-defined exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, 10 of them
      after operation for chronic pancreatitis. In comparison with 12 healthy subjects
      the test proved to be a non-expensive, certain and specific method for detection
      of moderate and severe exocrine insufficiency. It exists positive correlations
      with the secretin-pancreocymine-test and with the maximal stimulable secretion of
      insulin. Therefore the ALTAB-test after operations with modified anatomy of the
      gastro-intestinal tract especially is able to substitute extensive testing of
      secretion in screening and controlling of progression. The value of the 3-hour
      serum level of PABA corresponds to the urine output within 6 hours. There are
      such advantages like independence from the kidney-function, avoidance of
      incomplete urine-collection and a considerable reduced test-time too.

PMID- 3879217
TI  - Role of splenectomy in the pathogenesis of Haemophilus influenzae type f
      meningitis.

PMID- 3879218
TI  - Hydrolysis of third-generation cephalosporins by Enterobacter cloacae beta
      lactamase.

PMID- 3879219
TI  - The Zurich Study. V. Anxiety and phobia in young adults.
AB  - From data collected within the frame of a longitudinal epidemiologic study of a
      representative sample population of young adults (the Zurich Study), anxiety
      disorders--anxiety and phobic states--were analyzed. The current prevalence rate
      was found to be 2.9% for anxiety states and 4.3% for phobic states, totaling
      7.2%. Because of their anxiety disorders, one-fifth of the cases had undergone
      treatment during the preceding 12 months. Substantial difficulties arose, from
      the point of view of classification. The currently used categories, such as
      anxiety states, panic attacks, agoraphobia, simple phobia, social phobia, have
      more in common than differing symptoms. On a syndromal level, numerous
      overlapping configurations resulted which can only be artificially forced into
      the aforementioned diagnostic classes of anxiety disorders. On the symptom level,
      merely a few operationalized items defined these categories. In this way, most of
      a broad identical 'nonspecific' symptomatology was not taken into account. This
      was exemplified by a comparison of anxiety states and agoraphobia. In fact, these
      two groups did not differ significantly in many symptoms or in SCL-90 profiles,
      but did show a highly significant difference from control samples. Both groups
      suffered to the same great degree from depressive, cardiovascular, and
      gastrointestinal symptoms. We doubt whether any forced categorical diagnostic
      differentiation of anxiety and phobic states is at all reasonable.

PMID- 3879220
TI  - Age differences in field dependence/independence.
AB  - The present study investigated age and sex differences in field
      dependence/independence controlling statistically for IQ. The Group Embedded
      Figures Test and Quick Test were administered to 46 young adults, 22 male and 24
      female (M age = 18.65 years) and 45 old adults, 22 male and 23 female (M age =
      73.96 years). Results indicated significant age differences in field
      dependence/independence existed even after controlling statistically for
      intelligence. No significant sex differences were found in either age group; for
      young adults this is inconsistent with extensive research. Implications of
      results were discussed.

PMID- 3879221
TI  - Evidence for the release of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) from rat striatal
      neurons in vitro.
AB  - [3H]MPP+ (1-[methyl-3H]4-phenylpyridinium) is taken up into rat striatal slices
      in a temperature-, time- and Na+-dependent process blocked by dopamine (DA)
      uptake inhibitors. Once taken up, authentic [3H]MPP+ is released at 37 degrees C
      by 15 mM KCl. This release is inhibited by (-)N-propyl-norapomorphine and
      enhanced by (-)sulpiride, as observed under the same conditions for [3H]DA
      release. Thus, rat striatal DA-ergic nerve endings do not discriminate between DA
      and MPP+ for their active transport and DA autoreceptor-regulated release.

PMID- 3879222
TI  - Serum osteocalcin levels in normal subjects and patients with primary
      hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - The serum concentrations of osteocalcin were measured by a radioimmunoassay
      method in 95 apparently healthy subjects of both sexes with ages from 20 to 80
      years and in 16 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. There were no
      differences for the values between healthy males and females before the age of
      fifty, whereas the levels were higher in postmenopausal females. The osteocalcin
      levels were inversely related to age in premenopausal females but not in elder
      females or in males. The serum osteocalcin levels were raised in patients with
      primary hyperparathyroidism but with a large overlap against normal values. In
      all groups there was a positive correlation with the serum alkaline phosphatases.
      Variations with age should be considered in the interpretation of measurements in
      females. Furthermore, the increase in the immediate postmenopausal period might
      have implications for postmenopausal bone loss.

PMID- 3879223
TI  - Synthesis and pharmacological study of a series of 3(2H)-pyridazinones as
      analgesic and antiinflammatory agents.
AB  - The synthesis and the pharmacological evaluation of some 3(2H)-pyridazinone
      derivatives are reported. The compounds were screened for analgesic,
      antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities. All tested derivatives showed a
      higher analgesic activity than phenylbutazone, while being devoid of ulcerogenic
      action.

PMID- 3879224
TI  - Rigid congeners of arylpyridazinones. IV. Synthesis and activity of derivatives
      of the new heterocyclic system 9H-indeno[2,1-c]pyridazine.
AB  - Representative terms of the new heterocyclic system 9H-indeno[2,1-c]pyridazine
      have been synthesized. Their antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic
      activities were evaluated, in order to compare the pharmacological profiles with
      those of the isomeric series of 5H-indeno[1,2-c]pyridazine previously
      investigated. The new compounds were, in general, equiactive as analgesic but
      less active as antiinflammatory and antipyretic agents with respect to their 5H
      isomers.

PMID- 3879225
TI  - [Barrier function of the glia of autonomic axosomatic synapses of the frog].
AB  - The electron-microscopic study of the frog sympathetic ganglion revealed two
      types of axosomatic synapses: commonly known and distant synapses. Two structures
      of glial muff which are likely to be diffusion barriers, were distinguished. The
      first barrier is formed by glial processes adjacent to axosomatic synapses. The
      second one consists of external compact layer of the glial muff. Three types of
      neuro-glial relations concerning different extent of presynaptic bouton
      isolation, were described.

PMID- 3879226
TI  - [Use of a human fibrin adhesive "Tissucol" in a case of gunshot wounds].

PMID- 3879227
TI  - [Use of lyophilized human fibrin glue "Tissucol" in oral surgery].

PMID- 3879228
TI  - The physiological regulation of proteolysis in muscle.

PMID- 3879229
TI  - Anti-immunoglobulin M induces both B-lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation
      in Xenopus laevis.
AB  - Anti-IgM induced the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes of the amphibian Xenopus
      laevis as determined by 3H-thymidine uptake. The responding cells were B
      lymphocytes, since lymphocyte populations enriched in surface-Ig-positive cells
      exhibited an increased proliferative response, and spleen cells from larvally
      thymectomized animals still responded to anti-IgM. Immunofluorescence analysis
      and gel electrophoresis of biosynthetically labeled Ig polypeptides revealed that
      lymphoblasts induced by anti-IgM differentiated into plasmablasts that
      synthesized and secreted mainly IgM and small amounts of IgY. The in vitro
      differentiation of B lymphocytes also occurred in spleen cells obtained from
      thymectomized animals. These findings are in contrast with those obtained in
      mammals and suggest that the differentiation of B lymphocytes in X. laevis is
      subject to different regulatory mechanisms.

PMID- 3879230
TI  - [Conservative treatment of functional disorders of the lower urinary tract].

PMID- 3879231
TI  - [The modes of anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions of 2-[4-(3-methyl-2
      butenyl) phenyl] propionic acid (TA-60) and 2-[4-(2,2-dichlorovinyl) phenyl]
      propionic acid (TA-668) and effect of TA-60 on the gastrointestinal tract].
AB  - TA-668 and TA-60, potent anti-inflammatory compounds, showed no inhibition
      against the dextran-, the serotonin- and the carrageenin + prostaglandin E2
      (PGE2)-induced hind paw edemas in rats and neither did typical acidic non
      steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ANSAIDs) such as indomethacin. On the other
      hand, salicylic acid, mepirizole and tiaramide X HCl inhibited the hind paw edema
      induced by carrageenin + PGE2 in rats. TA-668 and TA-60 as well as other ANSAIDs
      inhibited the arachidonic acid (AA)-induced erythema, but did not inhibit the
      PGE2-induced erythema. Mepirizole and tiaramide X HCl showed no inhibition
      against both the AA- and the PGE2-induced erythemas. TA-668 and TA-60 showed
      analgesic activities in the adjuvant-induced hind paw edematous rats. The
      analgesic activities of these compounds disappeared when PGE2 was injected into
      the inflamed paw as well as indomethacin and ibuprofen. It is concluded that anti
      inflammatory and analgesic activities of both TA-668 and TA-60 were based on the
      inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase. TA-60 showed a protective effect against gastric
      necrosis induced by necrotizing agents such as HCl, NaOH or NaOH + EtOH. TA-60
      showed about a 4 times less potent activity than ibuprofen in delay of occurring
      time of castor oil-induced diarrhea in rats. These results suggest that the
      slight ulcerating effect of TA-60 on the gastrointestinal tract might be
      attributed to its gastric protective effect and slight decreasing effect on the
      gastrointestinal level of PGE2.

PMID- 3879232
TI  - [Analgesic effect of topically applied pranoprofen-gel].
AB  - The analgesic effect of topically applied pranoprofen-gel (1% and 3%) was
      investigated in comparison with indomethacin-gel in experimental animals. Applied
      topically, 1% and 3% pranoprofen-gel inhibited the inflammatory pain induced by
      Randall and Selitto's method and the pain response (abnormal gait) of
      concanavalin A-induced arthritis in rats dose-dependently. Furthermore, in
      antigen (methylated bovine serum albumin)-induced arthritis in rats, pranoprofen
      gel had a concentration and application-dependent therapeutic effect on knee
      joint swelling and the pain response. Pranoprofen-gel had a stronger analgesic
      effect than indomethacin-gel in these experimental models. Both drugs inhibited
      the flexor reflexes of the hind limb induced by injecting bradykinin (BK) in
      combination with arachidonic acid into the common iliac artery of the spinal rat,
      but failed to do so with BK combined with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Moreover,
      pranoprofen-gel inhibited the BK-induced increase in the firing rate of the
      saphenous nerve of the spinal cat. These results show that pranoprofen-gel,
      applied topically, permeates well from the skin to the nociceptor site, relieving
      the hyperalgesia caused by PGs-induced sensitization of pain receptors by
      inhibiting their production. As a topical anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent,
      pranoprofen-gel is at least as effective as indomethacin-gel, so that it should
      have good clinical potential.

PMID- 3879233
TI  - [The anterior chamber lens 25 years later].

PMID- 3879234
TI  - [Color chart test for early detection and quantitative follow-up of the side
      effects of ethambutol on the optic nerve: the "65 Test"].

PMID- 3879235
TI  - Stricter selection criteria improve the results of shunt surgery.
AB  - Between October, 1976 and December, 1982, 176 patients with full-blown liver
      cirrhosis were referred to us either with Acute oesophageal variceal bleeding, or
      after having had such a haemorrhage. Eight of these patients died of a
      haemorrhage that did not respond to conservative treatment, or of hepatic failure
      after emergency surgery. After receiving initial conservative treatment, 168
      patients were classified in accordance with clinical, biochemical and
      haemodynamic selection criteria, particular importance being attached to the
      haemodynamic criteria. One-hundred-and-one of these patients in whom a shunt
      operation was not justifiable, were treated conservatively by means of repeated
      sclerotherapy. In the cases of acute bleeding, a balloon tamponade was performed
      in 3, an emergency shunt procedure in 1 and palliative dissection surgery in 4.
      Twenty-three patients in a non-bleeding state were treated conservatively without
      sclerotherapy. Shunt surgery was performed in 44 patients; out of the 42 patients
      shown by our selection criteria to be suitable for shunt surgery, only 1 patient
      died, 5 days after the operation, of cardiac failure with underlying toxic
      cardiomyopathy. In view of the low early mortality rate in selectively operated
      patients, a major argument against the use of the shunt for the treatment of
      portal hypertension is no longer valid, and it should again be considered whether
      the surgical procedure might not provide better long-term results than does
      conservative sclerotherapy alone.

PMID- 3879236
TI  - Auditory perception of focused ultrasound (anatomical, physiological,
      electrophysiological, psychophysical, and clinical physiological aspects).

PMID- 3879237
TI  - Studies on thymocyte subpopulations in guinea pigs. VII. Characterization of cell
      populations responsive to guinea pig interleukin 1 and interleukin 2.
AB  - The properties of thymocytes responding by proliferation to a mitogenic lectin
      (PHA), interleukin 1 (IL 1), or interleukin 2 (IL 2) were studied and compared to
      the properties of cells known to respond to a separate thymocyte growth factor
      (TGP), which has so far only been studied in guinea pigs. Thymocytes from guinea
      pigs were separated into subpopulations by density gradient centrifugation with
      Percoll and by rosette formation with rabbit erythrocytes. PHA-responsive cells
      were recovered exclusively in a non-rosetting, low-density population designated
      Ia, RFC-, constituting approximately 4 per cent of all thymocytes. Thus,
      according to the prevailing view of lymphocyte mitogenesis, IL 1-producing, IL 2
      producing as well as IL 2-responding cells are all present in this population.
      The mitogen-responsive cells could be further stimulated by addition of IL 1 or
      IL 2, indicating that the magnitude of the mitogenic response was regulated by
      the production of these factors and was not restricted by the number of IL 2
      responding cells. IL 1, to some extent, also enhanced the mitogen response in a
      non-rosetting, intermediate density population designated Ib, RFC-. None of the
      factors could affect the lack of mitogen responsiveness in the high-density
      population II, constituting approximately 85% of the total population and
      probably including most small cortical thymocytes. We conclude that IL 2
      responding thymocytes are present above all in the quantitatively small
      population Ia, RFC- (shown to contain also the mature, mitogen-responding cells)
      and to a smaller extent in Ib, RFC- (where a deficit in IL 1-producing cells may
      explain the poor mitogen responsiveness), but not in the major, high-density
      population II. From our data, it is also evident that the mitogen, IL 1- and IL 2
      reactive cells can be separated from a population of intensely proliferating
      thymic precursor cells which are stimulated to grow by TGP. Therefore, the growth
      of these immature cells does not seem to be regulated by IL 1 or IL 2 in the
      guinea pig.

PMID- 3879238
TI  - Measurement of IgA-alpha 1 anti-trypsin (alpha 1 AT) complex in the sera of
      patients with IgA myelomatosis.
AB  - The level of IgA-alpha 1 anti-trypsin (alpha 1 AT) complex in a relatively large
      number of IgA myeloma sera has been determined, and compared with their content
      of polymerised forms of IgA. The level of the complex was the same in sera
      containing only monomeric IgA, some polymer and more than 50% polymer (as
      determined by SDS-PAGE). There was, however, a highly significant inverse
      correlation between the amount of IgA-alpha 1 AT complex in the myeloma sera and
      their content of 10S dimer (as determined by analytical ultracentrifugation).
      High levels of IgA-alpha 1 AT complex were also found in the small number of
      myeloma sera examined which contained paraprotein of the minor allotypic form of
      (Am2+) of the IgA2 sub-class, indicating that the lack of disulphide bonds
      between the heavy and light chains of this isotype has no influence on its
      ability to complex with alpha 1 AT.

PMID- 3879239
TI  - Post-partum thyroiditis and goitrous (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis are associated
      with HLA-DR4.
AB  - Using new panels of HLA-DR typing sera, we found an increase in the prevalence of
      HLA-DR4 in 21 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (57%) and 32 patients with
      post-partum thyroiditis (53%) compared to controls (21%). Hashimoto's thyroiditis
      was previously found to be associated with HLA-DR5 and Dw5. We feel that the
      doubts raised by this study warrant the study of DR antigens in thyroid
      autoimmune disease using large panels of specific sera.

PMID- 3879240
TI  - Interleukin 2 induces synthesis of polypeptides in an interleukin 2-dependent
      cell line by transcription and translation.
AB  - Interleukin 2 (IL 2) is a lymphocyte growth factor capable of inducing the rapid
      growth of antigen- or mitogen-stimulated T cells. To understand the molecular
      mechanisms of IL 2 action, we studied the synthesis of cellular polypeptides
      induced by IL 2. For a homogeneous cell population responsive to IL 2, we used a
      murine clone of natural killer-like cells, NK 7, which is strictly dependent on
      exogenous IL 2 for cell viability and growth. NK 7 cells were first kept in
      culture without IL 2 for 6 h and then labeled for 3 h with [14C]leucine in the
      presence or absence of 100 U/ml recombinant human IL 2. Analysis of the cellular
      polypeptides by two dimensional gel electrophoresis and autoradiography revealed
      that the addition of IL 2 to IL 2-starved NK 7 cells specifically increased the
      levels of at least ten polypeptides (designated from molecular weight as p94a,
      p94b, p52, p51a, p51b, p48.5, p36, p34.5, p25.5, and p23). The increases of p52,
      p25.5, and p23 were inhibited by 5 micrograms/ml actinomycin D, whereas the other
      seven were virtually unaffected by the drug.

PMID- 3879241
TI  - The role of monocytes in the suppression of PHA-induced proliferation and IL 2
      production of human mononuclear cells by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
AB  - 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] inhibited phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced
      proliferation of human blood mononuclear cells (MNC) at concentrations of 10(-11)
      M or more. Interleukin 2 (IL 2) production of T cells activated with PHA was also
      inhibited by 1,25(OH)2D3. Furthermore, 1,25(OH)2D3 suppressed interleukin 1 (IL
      1) production of monocytes (Mo), and the agent-treated Mo were unable to promote
      IL 2 production of non-adherent cells (NAC). Thus, the reduction of proliferative
      response of MNC to PHA by 1,25(OH)2D3 appeared to have resulted from the
      inhibitory effects of the agent on both IL 2 and IL 1 production. From these
      data, 1,25(OH)2D3 appears to play an important role in the immunoregulatory
      system.

PMID- 3879242
TI  - Cyclosporin partitions into phospholipid vesicles and disrupts membrane
      architecture.
AB  - Cyclosporin is a fungal metabolite demonstrating potent immunosuppressive
      activity both in vitro and in vivo, but the mechanism of action is poorly
      understood. Using [3H]dihydrocyclosporin C ([3H]CsC) we observed significant
      binding by mononuclear cells, erythrocytes and phosphatidyl choline (PC) vesicles
      which was reversible by the addition of excess CsA. Trypsin, pronase or heat
      treatments demonstrated that B cells and adherent cells express a protease
      sensitive membrane binding site not observed on T cells. The nature of the
      interaction between CsA and the PC vesicles was studied using the membrane
      surface probe 1-anilino-8-naphthyl sulfonic acid (ANS-). ANS- -induced
      fluorescence was reduced by 24% in the presence of 4.75 X 10(-7). M CsA
      indicating that CsA displaces ANS- from the PC vesicles. CsA also effected a
      shift in the phase transition temperature of PC vesicles from 23 degrees C to 19
      degrees C. Finally, the rate of concanavalin A (Con A)-induced cap formation by T
      lymphocytes was approximately doubled in the presence of 2.6 X 10(-5) M CsA.
      These data demonstrate that CsA partitions into phospholipid vesicle membranes
      and the plasmalemma of mononuclear cells resulting in an increased membrane
      fluidity.

PMID- 3879243
TI  - Children with cough: who needs antibiotic therapy, and who needs admission to
      hospital?

PMID- 3879244
TI  - Radiological criteria for the diagnosis of pulmonary forms of tuberculous
      infection.

PMID- 3879245
TI  - Potentiation of antipyretic effect of acetaminophen by concomitant administration
      of ascorbic acid.

PMID- 3879246
TI  - Rapid onset of co-trimoxazole induced interstitial nephritis.
AB  - An infant developed anuric renal failure within 18 hours of starting therapy with
      Co-trimoxazole for otitis media. There was no prior exposure to Co-trimoxazole,
      sulfonamides or trimethoprim. A renal biopsy revealed acute interstitial
      nephritis with eosinophilic infiltration (AIN). The lymphocyte blast
      transformation test revealed increased proliferation of the patient's lymphocytes
      on exposure to Co-trimoxazole (Bactrim). Both parents have clinically
      demonstrated hypersensitivity to sulfonamides. The extremely short latent period
      between ingestion of the offending drug and the onset of AIN in the absence of
      prior exposure to the drug has been reported previously. It suggests that drug
      induced AIN may develop more rapidly in patients with a strong genetic
      hypersensitivity to the drug.

PMID- 3879247
TI  - Pneumococcal bacteriology after pneumococcal otitis media with special reference
      to pneumococcal antigens.
AB  - Fifty-four ears with evidence of pneumococcus (Pn) in the first acute otitis
      media (AOM) in 38 infants and with prolongation or recurrence of the MEF during
      the follow-up were observed for 7-22 months for the presence of Pn by culture or
      of pneumococcal antigen (Pn-ag) by counterimmunoelectrophoresis or latex
      agglutination methods in their MEFs. During the first three 1-month observation
      periods, Pn and/or Pn-ags were detected in 24% to 9% of these ears, always of the
      initial type/group. Later on new Pn types/groups appeared also. In two of the 9
      MEFs persisting for greater than or equal to 3 months, initial Pn-ag, with
      culturable Pn, was repeatedly found but not for longer than 5 months. Of the 12
      ears resulting in secretory otitis media (SOM) only one showed initial Pn-ag (and
      Pn) in the MEF of SOM. Pneumococcal type/group pattern associated with
      prolongation or recurrence of infection did not differ from that of initial AOM.
      In another series of 151 SOM ears in 97 children, Pn-ags were detected in 7 MEFs.
      Four of them grew Pn, each of the corresponding group. Our studies suggest that
      the persistence of Pn-ags in the middle ear after AOM is limited and their
      occurrence in the MEFs of SOM is rare. Thus, the role of the persistence of Pn
      ags in prolonged, recurrent or secretory otitis media seems questionable.

PMID- 3879248
TI  - In-vitro activity of the combinations of ampicillin with mecillinam or with beta
      lactamase inhibitors against strains resistant to ampicillin.
AB  - The in-vitro activity of ampicillin, of mecillinam and of combinations of
      ampicillin with mecillinam, clavulanic acid or 6 beta-bromopenicillanic acid has
      been studied against 126 Enterobacteriaceae resistant to ampicillin. The
      combination of ampicillin with mecillinam showed synergy or addition in 60% of
      the combinations tested. Synergy was seen especially when the strains were
      resistant to mecillinam, indifference when they were susceptible to mecillinam.
      The combination of ampicillin with mecillinam was more active than the
      combination with clavulanic acid against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and
      Enterobacter, but not against Proteus, Morganella and Providencia. The
      combination of ampicillin with clavulanic acid was more active than the
      combination with 6 beta-bromopenicillanic acid in E. coli, Klebsiella and
      Enterobacter strains.

PMID- 3879249
TI  - Comparison of two different metronidazole regimens in the treatment of
      Gardnerella vaginalis infection with or without trichomoniasis.
AB  - Gardnerella vaginalis infection confirmed by culture was treated either by a 2 g
      dose or divided doses of metronidazole in 100 and 200 female patients
      respectively. Both dosages were equally effective. We recommend a single dose of
      2 g metronidazole in the treatment of Gard. vaginalis infection, particularly
      when association with trichomoniasis is confirmed or suspected.

PMID- 3879251
TI  - Followup of patients separated for coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3879250
TI  - Endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST) in acute variceal bleeding.

PMID- 3879252
TI  - Intestinal hemorrhage in a case of Wegener disease.

PMID- 3879253
TI  - Therapy following flexor tendon surgery.
AB  - The emergence of therapists specifically trained in the techniques of hand
      rehabilitation has added immeasurably to the ability to return function following
      upper extremity injury or disease. Specifically, in the difficult area of flexor
      tendon injury, this specialized therapy has markedly elevated the anticipated
      level of functional recovery following repair, graft, lysis, or reconstruction.
      Specific protocols have been suggested for the early mobilization of flexor
      tendons following severance and repair. Methods of tendon and digital
      mobilization following grafting or reconstruction and the problems associated
      with flexor tenolysis have been discussed in conjunction with exercise
      techniques, the use of static and dynamic splints, and the importance of
      adjunctive modalities designed to improve the results of these procedures. The
      need for close cooperation and understanding between patient, surgeon, and
      therapist is emphasized in this article. The need to approach each patient as a
      separate entity with unique requirements, limitations, and goals is extremely
      important in the effort to return maximum function following each surgical
      procedure.

PMID- 3879254
TI  - Thermodynamic analysis of calcium binding to frog parvalbumin.
AB  - The enthalpy of calcium binding to frog parvalbumin (Rana temporaria isoenzyme
      IVb, pI 4.75) has been measured by microcalorimetry. The reaction is exothermic;
      the heat of the reaction in 100 mM KCl, 50mM Tris, pH 8.0 at 12 degrees C is -19
      kJ (mol site)-1 and -33 kJ (mol site)-1 in the presence of 1 mM magnesium. The
      shape of the titration curve indicates that the properties of the two calcium
      binding sites are different. The thermodynamic parameters measured for frog
      parvalbumin are compared with those of related parvalbumins from carp and
      whiting.

PMID- 3879255
TI  - Rapid separation of milk whey proteins by anion exchange chromatography.
AB  - A fast protein liquid chromatography system was used to fractionate the major
      proteins of sweet and acid wheys. Fifty to 500 microliter of whey were
      fractionated with a stepwise ionic strength gradient using water (buffer A) and
      increasing concentrations of .7 M sodium acetate (buffer B). Six well-resolved
      peaks were obtained: 1) amino acids (tentative identification), 2) low molecular
      weight peptides (tentative identification), 3) highly enriched alpha-lactalbumin,
      4) highly enriched serum albumin 5) electrophoretically pure beta-lactoglobulin
      B, and electrophoretically pure beta-lactoglobulin A. A poor baseline or
      unresolved peaks resulted when .02 M bis-tris or .02 M histidine was used for
      buffer A and .7 M sodium acetate in .02 M bis-tris or histidine was used for
      buffer B. When sodium chloride was used in place of sodium acetate, beta
      lactoglobulins A and B were poorly resolved. The column was cleaned after each
      run by injecting 2 ml of the following reagents: glacial acetic acid, 2 N sodium
      chloride, 2 N sodium hydroxide, 2 N sodium chloride, 2% detergent, and 100%
      acetonitrile. Time required to run each sample including column cleanup was 40
      min.

PMID- 3879256
TI  - Immunosuppressive activity of bovine follicular fluid on bovine T lymphocytes in
      vitro.
AB  - Follicular fluid from bovine follicles at various stages of the estrous cycle and
      cysts were tested in vitro for immunosuppressive activity. Mitogen-stimulated
      lymphocyte assays and the mixed lymphocyte reaction were used as test procedures
      and thymidine uptake was monitored. Follicular fluid and cyst fluid inhibited the
      deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis response of bovine lymphocytes to mitogenic and
      antigenic stimulation. The nature of the suppression varied with the mitogen or
      antigen assay used, with the estrual stage, with size of follicle within the
      diestrual stage, and with the type of ovarian cyst. Blood sera from estrual or
      diestrual cows were not immunosuppressive. Heating (56 degrees C for 30 min)
      follicular fluid from normal follicles and cysts destroyed most of its
      suppressive activity toward Concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocytes but did not
      suppress that in luteal cyst fluid. The suppressive activity in follicular fluid
      toward phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes was more stable to heat than
      that against Concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocytes. Because the immunosuppressive
      activity in follicular fluid was heat labile, estrogen, progesterone, and other
      steroids were not the active suppressive molecules. Proposed roles for these
      immunosuppressive substances are hypothesized in preventing autoantibody
      formation to the zona pellucida and in the inflammatory reaction leading to
      ovulation.

PMID- 3879257
TI  - Aortoenteric fistula.
AB  - A fistula between the aorta and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a relatively
      uncommon and often lethal cause of GI bleeding. This report describes a patient
      with massive upper GI bleeding due to an aortoduodenal fistula. Such fistulae
      arise because of a combination of mechanical factors and local infection; the
      varied clinical presentations can be explained by the pathogenesis of the disease
      entity. These clinical presentations are reviewed, and a suggested approach to
      the diagnosis and management is presented.

PMID- 3879258
TI  - Cytochemical variations in Purkinje neuron nuclei of cerebellar areas with
      different afferent systems in Rana esculenta. Comparison between activity and
      hibernation.
AB  - The distribution pattern of the Feulgen-DNA values (nuclear cytochemical
      heterogeneity) which provides information on the functional state of Purkinje
      neurons was investigated in the lobus vestibularis and in the corpus cerebelli in
      active and hibernating frogs. In the corpus cerebelli, hibernation does not
      change greatly the nuclear heterogeneity of Purkinje neurons, while in the lobus
      vestibularis this neuron population becomes more homogeneous and shows more
      condensed chromatin. These data suggest a nerve conduction in the two areas which
      responds differently to the phenomenon of hibernation, entailing a lower activity
      of Purkinje neurons in the lobus vestibularis with respect to the corpus
      cerebelli. Furthermore, the examination of a portion of the vestibular nuclear
      complex revealed an opposite behavior: indeed, a higher homogeneity of the
      nuclear cytochemical patterns was observed during activity. This result is
      related to the function of this localization as center of stimuli integration.

PMID- 3879259
TI  - Pneumococcal carriage amongst Australian aborigines in Alice Springs, Northern
      Territory.
AB  - In Alice Springs and its vicinity, a single nasal swab was collected from 282
      Australian aborigines in May 1981 to determine nasal carriage rates of
      pneumococci. Each swab was inoculated on blood agar and on gentamicin blood agar.
      The carriage rates were 89% in children, 39% in adolescents and 34% in adults. In
      all, 27 serotypes of pneumococci were met with and 15 (4%) of subjects yielded
      two or more serotypes. In children, types 23, 19, 6, 22 and 6 were predominant
      (in that order), whereas type 3 was commonest in older subjects. Approximately
      25% children and 5% adults yielded drug-insensitive pneumococci. Resistance to
      benzylpenicillin, tetracycline and co-trimoxazole was met with, resistant
      pneumococci showed five resistance patterns and belonged to nine serotypes,
      predominantly types 19 and 23. All isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol,
      erythromycin, lincomycin and rifampicin. The carriage rate of drug-insensitive
      pneumococci was 100-fold higher amongst children sampled than in non-aboriginal
      children in Australia.

PMID- 3879260
TI  - [Coronary artery imagings by intraoperative two-dimensional echocardiography].
AB  - Using a new diagnostic ultrasonographic apparatus for tomographic imagings during
      surgery, we attempted to image the coronary arteries to delineate vascular
      lesions. Twenty patients were studied, including four with ischemic heart
      disease, eight with valvular disease, and eight with congenital anomalies. A T
      shaped, 7.5 MHz electronically-focused linear array scanner sterilized with
      formalin gas was placed directly over the exposed surface of the heart.
      Echocardiograms of the coronary systems were obtained in the following selected
      planes. Plane 1: With the scanner probe on the main pulmonary artery, the main
      trunk of the left coronary artery (LMT) was imaged; Planes 2 and 3: Tomographic
      imaging of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was accomplished with the
      probe of the scanner applied to the anterior interventricular sulcus; Planes 4
      and 5: For imaging the right coronary artery (RCA), the scanner probe was placed
      over the right atrioventricular groove. The LMT and its branches (LAD and the
      circumflex branch, Cx) were readily visualized echocardiographically in plane 1
      in nearly all cases examined. Satisfactory imagings of the RCA were also easily
      achieved in planes 4 and 5. Nevertheless, attempts to image the LAD in planes 2
      and 3 entailed some difficulty. Echograms of adult patients were of higher
      intensity and brighter, with an increased prominence of the intima of the
      coronary arteries, compared to those of children. The echocardiographic features
      in coronary artery stenosis were remarkably consistent with the angiographic
      findings in respect to the location of stenotic lesions. Advantages of
      echographic observations of the coronary arteries using this noninvasive
      procedure lie not only in providing accurate information as to the site of
      stenosis but in delineating the morphologic features of the vessel wall, as well.
      Using this procedure optimal sites for vascular graft sutures in cases requiring
      aorto-coronary bypass surgery may be appropriately selected, hence this is a
      valuable diagnostic aid to increase the safety of surgical procedures.

PMID- 3879261
TI  - [Positron computed tomography for myocardial uptake of N-13 ammonia in patients
      with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a preliminary study].
AB  - In the present study, positron computed tomography (PCT) was used to evaluate the
      myocardial uptake of N-13 ammonia in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
      (HCM). Eight subjects including two normal persons, four patients with HCM, and
      two with old myocardial infarction (OMI) were selected for the study. N-13
      ammonia was administered intravenously as a bolus and, commencing with the tracer
      injection, serial 30-second PCT scans were performed. The results were summarized
      as follows: The first scan exhibiting cardiac blood pool images revealed a
      reduced left ventricular cavity in the HCM subjects. After clearance of N-13 from
      the cardiopulmonary vasculature, the left ventricular myocardium was clearly
      visualized and an increased myocardial mass with characteristic morphology was
      demonstrated in the HCM subjects. Detailed analysis of the time-activity curves
      of the blood pool and myocardium derived from these serial scan images disclosed
      two uptake phases in the uptake mode of N-13 ammonia. In the initial phase within
      three minutes, the myocardial uptake of N-13 was rapid in the normal and OMI
      subjects, whereas its significant delay was observed in the HCM subjects. This
      may reflect an abnormal initial extraction of N-13 ammonia in the HCM patients
      compared with the other subjects. Subsequently, in the second phase, which was
      characterized by a gradual increase of N-13 in the myocardium, the HCM subjects
      revealed higher uptake ratios than did the others. This may indicate an increased
      extraction of metabolites of N-13 ammonia during the second phase. These
      preliminary results underscore the usefulness of dynamic PCT with N-13 ammonia
      for the assessment of HCM.

PMID- 3879262
TI  - [Induction of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells from tumor-bearer
      splenocytes and their utilization in inhibition of tumor metastasis].

PMID- 3879263
TI  - Referral practices and health care costs. The dilemma of high risk obstetrics.

PMID- 3879264
TI  - Intoxication, sobriety checkpoints, and public policy. Historical perspectives
      and contemporary concerns.

PMID- 3879265
TI  - Liability of corporate physicians in conducting preemployment and annual physical
      examinations.

PMID- 3879266
TI  - The smokeless tobacco industry's failure to warn. A case for the courts.

PMID- 3879267
TI  - Further explorations of unnatural alkaloids.
AB  - (+/-)-N1-noreseroline-O-methyl-ether, prepared by a modification of the Julian
      total synthesis, afforded with R-(+)-methylbenzyl-isocyanate two diasteromeric
      ureas, converted individually into (+)- and (-)-eseroline after thermolysis, N
      methylation and O-demethylation. (+)-Physostigmine was obtained after reaction of
      (+)-eseroline with methylisocyanate. Biological properties of (-)- and (+)
      eseroline and (+)-physostigmine will be reported. (+/-)-Colchicine, prepared from
      the natural alkaloid by a Blade-Font procedure was converted into a variety of
      racemic colchicinoids. Chemical resolution of (+/-)-deacetylcolchicine and (+/-)
      deacetylisocolchicine afforded the desired pairs of optical isomers. Discussion
      on structure-activity-relationship of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) will include phenyl-substituted isomers, N-alkyl
      analogs, an "open-ring"-isomer, as well as pyridones, obtained by oxidation of
      quaternary pyridinium and dihydropyridinium species. A diagram of MPTP X HCl,
      obtained by solid state X-ray diffraction analysis will be shown.

PMID- 3879268
TI  - The distribution of acetylcholine receptors in the normal and denervated
      neuromuscular junction of the frog.
AB  - A combined light and electron microscopic investigation was performed to study
      the distribution and fate of clusters of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labelled or
      rhodamine-labelled alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites in normal and denervated
      cutaneous pectoris muscles of the frog. After staining for axon and
      cholinesterase (ChE) it appears that, in normal muscles, binding sites for
      rhodamine alpha-bungarotoxin are strictly confined to those parts of the synaptic
      gutter occupied by the nerve terminal. Binding sites are missing in axon
      abandoned gutters or gutters occupied only by the Schwann cell. Similarly, in
      partially occupied gutters, HRP-toxin binding sites are confined to the parts of
      the muscle fibre membrane apposed to the nerve; they are missing at axon-free
      lateral parts at which secondary clefts and ChE are present. These observations
      suggest that junctional acetylcholine (ACh) receptor clusters are strictly
      controlled by the nerve. Thirty-five days after denervation, receptor density was
      apparently reduced in some parts of the gutters while other parts of the same
      gutters showed high receptor density. In addition, the length of gutter totally
      devoid of receptor clusters increased from an average fraction of 9% in control
      muscles to 14% in denervated muscles. Loss of receptors occurred both at Schwann
      cell-free and at Schwann cell-occupied gutters. In muscles denervated for 500-750
      days, no toxin binding sites could be detected in the junctional membrane,
      whereas ChE was still present. Schwann cells had apparently abandoned some
      gutters but were present at others. Upon arrival of spontaneously reinnervating
      axons, muscle fibres accumulate ACh receptor clusters at the junctional membrane.
      Patches intensely labelled with alpha-bungarotoxin and associated with ChE
      reaction product were found near former junctions in long-term denervated
      muscles. It is concluded that after long-term denervation the muscle fibre cannot
      maintain junctional ACh receptor clusters by itself. In normally innervated
      muscles, receptor clusters are actively maintained by nerve-borne factors near
      the transmitter release sites.

PMID- 3879269
TI  - Identification of an SP-1-like protein in non-pregnancy serum: isolation using a
      monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Human SP-1, a glycoprotein synthesized by the placenta during pregnancy, was
      shown to exist as polymers in maternal serum by a rapid passive transfer
      immunoblotting technique following conventional agarose electrophoresis.
      Moreover, the SP-1 polymers in serum were shown to dissociate into one main
      component upon treatment with 8 M urea prior to electrophoresis. However, an
      unexpected observation was the existence of an SP-1-like immunoreactive species
      in male serum with the sensitive immunoblotting technique. This SP-1-like protein
      in male serum had similar properties to its placentally derived counterpart in
      pregnancy serum, namely a propensity for complex formation and a reduced
      electrophoretic mobility following neuraminidase treatment. The relationship
      between the two SP-1 proteins was demonstrated by isolating them from their
      respective sera using an immobilized monoclonal antibody raised to purified SP-1
      from pregnancy serum. Immunoblotting after sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed the existence of two major SP-1 species
      in pregnancy serum. These two SP-1 species had apparent molecular weights of
      68,000 and 64,000. In addition, there were two minor bands at 35,000 and 32,000.
      These smaller SP-1 species did not appear to be subunits of the larger entities
      since they were detectable in the absence of reducing conditions. SDS-PAGE and
      immunoblotting showed that the immunoaffinity-purified SP-1 species from male and
      pregnancy sera had similar, but not identical, molecular weights.

PMID- 3879270
TI  - Early increase in graft-versus-host reactivity during pregnancy in the mouse.
AB  - Alloreactive T levels of para-aortic lymph nodes (PALN) and spleen were
      determined on different days of pregnancy in BALB/c females by local and systemic
      graft-versus-host (GvH) assays. A significant increase in GvH reactivity was
      registered early in both allogeneic and syngeneic matings, operating not only
      towards paternal but also towards third party strains. Immunoregulatory
      mechanisms in PALN also involved the appearance of progressive suppression during
      the first days of pregnancy. The possible role of non-specific early increases in
      T alloreactivity in triggering suppressor mechanisms and the nature of the
      immunogens responsible for the alterations in GvH reactivity are discussed.

PMID- 3879271
TI  - Characterization of hematogenous cellular constituents of the murine decidua: a
      surface marker study.
AB  - Decidual tissue, which includes typical (stromal type) decidual cells as well as
      infiltrating leukocytes, appears to play a local immunoregulatory role in the
      maintenance of pregnancy in nature. The present study evaluated the contribution
      of numerous leukocyte subsets characterized on the basis of morphology combined
      with cell surface markers to the development of murine decidua during syngeneic
      (CBA female X CBA male) and allogeneic (CBA female X C57BL/6 male) pregnancy.
      Collagenase dispersed decidua were subjected to total and differential counts and
      cell surface labeling for a radioautographic identification of various markers: S
      IgM on B cells, Thy-1 on T cells, neither marker on null lymphocytes, Lyt- (1 or
      2 or 1,2) antigens on T cell subsets, Mac-1 and I-A on macrophages, using 125I
      labeled monoclonal antibodies or a sandwich labeling with 125I-protein A. The
      total cellularity of decidua basalis showed a biphasic rise in both pregnancies,
      with peaks on day 11 and days 15 and 16, but the allopregnant decidua showed a
      higher accumulation of all cell types indicating that an allogeneic conceptus
      causes an augmented deciduogenesis. The number of decidual cells, the most
      frequent cell class, rose to a peak on day 11 followed by a decline possibly due
      to cell death. The number of lymphocytes, the next frequent cell class, showed a
      parallel pattern initially, followed by a sharp secondary rise on day 16. This
      rise may be due to a withdrawal of progesterone, an antiinflammatory hormone.
      Null cells predominated amongst decidual lymphocytes (45-80%), as well as in the
      progestational endometrium (53%), indicating a hormonal control of their
      accumulation. The frequency of B cells was low (10-13%) and T cells (25-45%)
      comparable to that in the blood, with Lyt-1 only class being the most common T
      cell subset. Allopregnant decidua also showed a late rise in the total number of
      Lyt-2 only cells which may have a suppressor function. Macrophages, the next
      common leukocyte class, all expressed Mac-1. Their number rose to a plateau by
      day 12, but at a higher level in allopregnancy. I-A (needed for antigen
      presentation) was expressed by an increasing proportion (5-60%) of macrophages
      with advancing gestation. These findings provide a basis for further functional
      studies.

PMID- 3879273
TI  - Human pregnancy serum inhibits proliferation of T8-depleted cells and their
      interleukin-2 synthesis in mixed lymphocyte cultures.
AB  - T8-depleted and unfractionated T lymphocytes allogeneically stimulated and
      cultured in the presence of pregnancy sera exhibit an inhibition of cellular
      proliferation and interleukin-2 synthesis, respectively. Unfractionated T cells
      show a decrease in their cytotoxicity in the presence of these sera. The
      inhibition of cytotoxicity could be due to the deficit of IL-2 observed since if
      exogenous IL-2 is added to the cultures T4/LEU3a-depleted allogeneically
      stimulated cells reach the same degree of cytotoxicity whether cultured in normal
      human serum or pregnancy serum. A possible mechanism to explain the inhibition of
      mixed lymphocyte cultures by pregnancy serum could therefore be decrease of
      cellular proliferation of the T8-depleted subpopulation with a decrease in IL-2
      synthesis, implying an inhibition of cytotoxic effector cells.

PMID- 3879272
TI  - Migration of radiolabeled, adoptively transferred T-lymphocytes into the mammary
      gland and milk of lactating rats.
AB  - The maternal component in the transfer of cellular immunity from the mother to
      the neonate during lactation was investigated by analyzing the migration of
      adoptively transferred T-lymphocytes to the mammary gland and into the milk of
      lactating rats. A T-enriched cell population, containing less than 2.5% of
      contaminating B-cells, was obtained from mesenteric and peripheral lymph node
      cells of donor rats by removing B-cells with a panning technique. The T-enriched
      cells, radiolabeled with [3H]uridine, were injected intravenously into syngeneic
      lactating females, between 1 and 4 days post-partum. Samples of mesenteric and
      cervical lymph nodes, spleen, Peyer's patches, small intestine, and mammary gland
      taken at 48 h and milk obtained at 24 and 48 h were processed for scintillation
      counting and autoradiography. A large portion of the injected T-cells migrated to
      T-dependent lymphoid areas (the paracortical and medullary regions of the
      mesenteric and cervical lymph nodes and the Peyer's patches) and a substantial
      number also migrated into the small intestine and mammary gland, although the
      frequency of cells per high-power field was lower than in the lymph nodes.
      However, total counts of activity recovered were significantly higher in the
      small intestine and mammary gland than in either the mesenteric or cervical
      groups of lymph nodes. The distribution of the T-cells within the mammary gland
      showed a relative predominance of labeled cells in the connective tissue adjacent
      to the alveolar secretory cells, with a small percentage of cells present within
      the mammary epithelium. The direct transfer of T-cells through the alveolar
      epithelium was demonstrated by the presence of labeled cells in milk. These
      results substantiate that a significant number of T-lymphocytes migrate not only
      to the mammary gland during lactation but also into milk. These cells may play a
      passive regulatory or inductive role within the mammary gland or an active role
      in the maternal-to-neonatal transfer of immunity.

PMID- 3879274
TI  - New research opportunities associated with national data sets.

PMID- 3879275
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in rheumatology.

PMID- 3879276
TI  - Effect of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory
      drugs upon cellular and fibronectin responses in a pleurisy model.
AB  - Intrapleural injections of carrageenan into rats resulted in peak increases in
      intrapleural inflammatory cell counts (90% mononuclear cells) and fibronectin
      content at 3 days after the injections. Administration of disease modifying
      antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) prevented the increases in both fibronectin levels
      and intrapleural cell counts, whereas nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, in
      general, potentiated the increases. Inhibition of fibronectin production by DMARD
      in carrageenan induced pleurisy in rats may be related to the antirheumatic
      activity of this class of drugs.

PMID- 3879277
TI  - Anti-SSA(Ro) antibody: a connective tissue disease marker.
AB  - The characteristics of 100 patients with anti-SSA(Ro) antibody were studied. By
      accepted criteria 34 patients had systemic lupus erythematosus, 25 had other
      known connective tissue diseases (CTD) and 9 had no significant evidence of a
      CTD. Thirty-two patients had an unclassified CTD characterized in most instances
      by arthritis, dermatitis, and a positive fluorescent antinuclear antibody test.
      The results support the concept of a continuous spectrum of autoimmune disease in
      which anti-SSA(Ro) antibody may be a marker and in which a variety of disorders
      may be found that cannot be classified by accepted criteria.

PMID- 3879278
TI  - The epidemiology of tender points: a prospective study of 1520 patients.
AB  - Tender point examinations were performed on 1520 consecutive patients with
      various rheumatic diseases. The mean tender point count was 2.1 (3.6 SD). Four or
      more tender points were found in 22.9%, 7 or more in 13.6%, 12 or more 4.3%, but
      60.1% had no tender points. The tender point count increased gradually with age,
      reaching a maximum at age 70. Women had more tender points than men, Caucasians
      more than blacks or Hispanics. Isolated regional clusters of tender points
      occurred at the shoulder girdle in 7.8%, and the knees in 7.4%. Correlation
      between tender points and associated peripheral joint tenderness was poor.

PMID- 3879279
TI  - Epidemiology of musculoskeletal disorders (complaints) and related disability in
      Canada.
AB  - Data on musculoskeletal disorders (complaints), collected as part of the Canada
      Health Survey were analyzed. Sixteen percent of those sampled reported having
      arthritis, rheumatism or back, limb or joint disorders with a greater prevalence
      among females and in the older population. In 21% this was associated with
      limitation of activity with an average of 11 disability days/person/year. Serious
      back disorders were reported in 4.4% of the population. While the majority of
      health consultations (53%) were with a physician, a substantial number (34%) were
      with chiropractors.

PMID- 3879280
TI  - T-cell subsets in the differential diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic
      lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3879281
TI  - Immunoglobulin allotypes in patients with B27 positive ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 3879282
TI  - T-cell lymphoma presenting as tumour d'emblee mycosis fungoides associated with
      coeliac disease.

PMID- 3879283
TI  - Mycosis fungoides of the tonsil: a T-cell lymphoma involving the skin and tonsil.

PMID- 3879284
TI  - Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma.

PMID- 3879285
TI  - Histiocytosis X--unusual presentation with nail involvement.

PMID- 3879286
TI  - Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3879287
TI  - Histiocytosis X of the scalp and face responding to topical nitrogen mustard.

PMID- 3879288
TI  - The incidence and pattern of osteomyelitis in infancy and childhood and the role
      of sickle cell disease in Dar es Salaam.

PMID- 3879289
TI  - Observations on the incidence of secretory otitis media in Nigerian children.

PMID- 3879290
TI  - [Diazepam with fentanyl aggravates left ventricular function after myocardial
      revascularization].

PMID- 3879291
TI  - [M-mode transesophageal aortic valve echogram as a reflection of left ventricular
      stroke volume during coronary artery bypass graft].

PMID- 3879292
TI  - [Antibiotic sensitivity of Haemophilus influenzae clinically isolated in the
      Sendai area].
AB  - Antibiotic sensitivity of H. influenzae collected from 8 hospital laboratories in
      the Sendai area during Jan. and Apr., 1984 were determined. One hundred and
      eighty-seven strains of H. influenzae isolated from different infectious sites
      were tested for their susceptibility to several representative antibiotics.
      Twenty-six strains (13.9%) of the isolates were beta-lactamase positive and none
      of these strains could be serotyped because of a lack of capsules. It was
      remarkable that beta-lactamase positives strains were rather common in infants
      under 1 year of age (4 from 23 strains, 17.4%). Minimum inhibitory concentrations
      (MICs) of antibiotics against H. influenzae revealed that most beta-lactamase
      negative strains were highly sensitive to both ampicillin and amoxicillin (AMPC),
      while their MICs to beta-lactamase positive strains were widely distributed from
      1.56 (3.13) to more than 100 micrograms/ml. BRL 25000, a formulation of AMPC and
      clavulanic acid, inhibited the growth of all beta-lactamase positive strains at
      concentrations of 1.56 micrograms/ml or less. Among cephalosporins, the
      sensitivity to drugs did not differ between beta-lactamase negative and positive
      strains. It was also noteworthy that 7 strains (3.8%) of the isolated H.
      influenzae were resistant to chloramphenicol, and 2 of them were beta-lactamase
      positive. The most active drug against H. influenzae, therefore, seemed to be the
      third generation of cephalosporins, especially cefmenoxime which was extremely
      active to all the strains tested.

PMID- 3879293
TI  - [Anti-ATLA (antibodies to adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigen) in the East
      coast of Kii Peninsula].

PMID- 3879294
TI  - [Adult T-cell leukemia with microperoxisomes].

PMID- 3879295
TI  - [Renal tubular acidosis and SLE].

PMID- 3879296
TI  - [Selective IgA deficiency].

PMID- 3879297
TI  - [The measurement of interleukin 1 (IL 1) and interleukin 2 (IL 2) employing the
      MTT assay].

PMID- 3879298
TI  - [Immunological analysis of melanoma-specific antigen].

PMID- 3879299
TI  - [Analysis of statistical accuracy in regional cerebral blood flow measurement by
      steady state method].

PMID- 3879300
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of N-isopropyl-p-I-123-iodoamphetamine in cerebrovascular
      disorders--comparison study with X-ray CT and positron CT].

PMID- 3879301
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of cerebral perfusion imaging with 123I-IMP in the patients
      with cerebrovascular disease--a comparison with 133Xe and X-CT].

PMID- 3879303
TI  - [Quality control to maintain quantitativity and stability of positron emission
      tomographic study].

PMID- 3879302
TI  - [Regional cerebral blood flow abnormalities detected with N-isopropyl-I-123-p
      iodoamphetamine in patients with cerebral infarction].

PMID- 3879304
TI  - [Basic evaluation of right and left ventricular volume using single-photon
      emission computed tomography].

PMID- 3879306
TI  - [Introduction of POS to nurses. 1. Prologue].

PMID- 3879305
TI  - [Application of non-narcotic analgesics. (II) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
      agents].

PMID- 3879307
TI  - [Introduction of POS to nurses. 3. The password in thinking data bases: "the data
      base for nurses"].

PMID- 3879308
TI  - Role of endothelium in the contractions induced by norepinephrine and clonidine
      in rat aorta.
AB  - The inhibitory effects of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) on the
      contractions induced by norepinephrine and clonidine in rat aorta were examined.
      Carbachol induced a relaxation of norepinephrine-induced contraction in rat aorta
      with endothelium. Removal of endothelium inhibited the carbachol-induced
      relaxation and increased the magnitude of norepinephrine-induced contraction.
      Quinacrine, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, methylene blue, a guanylate cyclase
      inhibitor and tetraethylammonium, a potassium permeability inhibitor, inhibited
      carbachol-induced relaxation and augmented the magnitude of norepinephrine
      induced contraction only when endothelium was present. Clonidine induced a
      contraction when endothelium was removed or muscle was treated with methylene
      blue. The contractions induced by norepinephrine and clonidine were equally
      sensitive to prazosin and equally less sensitive to yohimbine. Clonidine
      inhibited the norepinephrine-induced contraction, whereas it potentiated the
      angiotensin 11- or 12 mM K-induced contractions in the aorta with endothelium.
      The inhibitory effect of clonidine on the norepinephrine-induced contraction was
      reduced by endothelium-removal and by methylene blue but not by yohimbine. These
      results suggest that norepinephrine has a strong direct stimulating action and
      clonidine has a weak one on vascular smooth muscle cells possibly mediated by
      alpha 1-adrenoceptors, and their contractile effects are inhibited by the
      spontaneously released EDRF.

PMID- 3879309
TI  - [Changes in maternal stress with the age of her developmentally disabled child-
      comparison between mentally retarded and autistic children using cross-sectional
      data].
AB  - In order to explore a transitional pattern of mother's psycho-social stress
      accompanying the age of developmentally-disabled child, we analized the stress
      patterns obtained from 1 036 mothers of mental retarded and autistic children by
      means of 10 stress scales consisted of four or five items for each scale. Mothers
      of 3 to 15 yrs old children, classified by cross-sectional method, were divided
      by their child's age into seven groups, and multiple-range tests were applied to
      the mean stress scores of mothers in the seven groups for each of two disability.
      In the results, we found three kinds of transitional patterns of stress. They
      were named as follows: No change type, Decreased type, and increased-at-first,
      but later-decreased type. These transitional patterns are common to two
      disabilities in the same scale, and furthermore it is worthy of notice that the
      stage of changing point of increase or decrease of the amount of stress coincides
      with the periods of child's entrance to primary school and/or junior high school
      at almost all scales.

PMID- 3879310
TI  - [Diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis in uveitis patients with normal chest
      roentgenograms--studies by bronchoalveolar lavage].

PMID- 3879311
TI  - [Five cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia diagnosed by bronchofiberscopy--the
      usefulness of the bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii
      pneumonia].

PMID- 3879312
TI  - [Late results in surgically and non-surgically treated ischemic heart disease
      patients with arrhythmias in relation to the extent of the myocardial lesion].
AB  - A total of 269 coronary patients with arrhythmias were followed up for 6 months
      to 12 years. Coronaroventriculography was performed in 264 patients. The five
      year survival rate was shown to be directly proportionate to the site and spread
      of postinfarction cardiosclerosis in arrhythmic coronary patients. In patients
      with aneurysms of the heart, it was 40.6%, with a further decline over the years.
      Left-ventricular final diastolic pressure (FDP) and outflow fraction is an
      objective indicator of myocardial contractility. Five-year survival is 69.3% in
      cases of the normal FDP, and drops significantly (by 20 %) where it is elevated.
      As a rule, survival rates were much higher in postoperative patients (following
      aortocoronary shunts or left-ventricular aneurysm resections), irrespective of
      myocardial contractility values.

PMID- 3879313
TI  - The importance of early treatment of renal bone disease in children.

PMID- 3879314
TI  - [Bleeding neurinoma of the stomach subjected to emergency surgery].

PMID- 3879315
TI  - [Multiple hemangiomas in the wall of the small intestine--rare cause of profuse
      hemorrhage from the intestinal tract].

PMID- 3879316
TI  - [Epidemiologic study of new cases of intraocular tumors in East Germany 1961
      1980].
AB  - The incidence of malignant tumors of the eye (ICD 172.1, 173.1 and 190) was
      calculated from the data of the National Cancer Registry of the GDR. Malignant
      tumors of the lid represent 1.4% and malignant tumors of the eye 0.3% of all
      malignant tumors registered. This corresponds to an incidence of intraocular
      tumors of about 1.0 per 100 000 inhabitants, and an incidence of lid tumors of
      approx. 4.7 per 100 000. The standardized incidence of malignant tumors of the
      eye shows no statistically significant change, at 0.85 (1966-1970) and 0.93 (1971
      1980) in men and 0.70 and 0.73 in women. The incidence of melanomas of the lid is
      also unchanged in both sexes. The mean incidence of retinoblastoma in both boys
      and girls is 0.54 (1961-1980) based on 100 000 children less than 10 years old.
      The diminution in the incidence of retinoblastoma in recent years is not
      statistically significant.

PMID- 3879317
TI  - [HLA B27-associated rheumatic diseases from the clinical viewpoint].
AB  - On the basis of the description of the possible variable courses and symptoms of
      ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, and reactive arthritides
      (spondarthritides) frequently produced by intestinal infections, all of which
      show HLA B27 as the predisposing hereditary antigen in about 90% of the cases, it
      is discussed whether these conditions represent a disease entity in which
      additional unknown factors determine the expression and the tendency of the
      course of the disease.

PMID- 3879318
TI  - [Clinico-immunologic research in subacute thyroiditis].

PMID- 3879319
TI  - Rates of progesterone oxidation by rabbit liver microsomes before and after
      phenobarbitone treatment.
AB  - Liver sections, removed from outbred NZW rabbits under anesthesia, were used to
      determine the rates of progesterone oxidation prior to assessment of the effects
      of phenobarbitone(PB)-treatment. Progesterone 21-hydroxylase exhibited the same
      high affinity, low Km kinetics before and after PB-treatment, whereas the Vmax
      was significantly reduced. PB-treatment did not affect progesterone 21
      hydroxylation by the adrenal microsomes of two groups of PB-treated and untreated
      rabbits. 21-Hydroxylase activity was detected for the first time with spleen
      microsomes but the majority of spleens examined lacked activity. 6 beta
      Hydroxylation by control liver microsomes showed consistently low affinity, high
      Km-values and was inhibited to a lesser, inconsistent degree than 21
      hydroxylation by PB-treatment.

PMID- 3879320
TI  - Lack of correlation between hepatic microsomal progesterone 21-hydroxylase
      activity and the excretion of acidic metabolites in rabbit urine.
AB  - Hepatic microsomes were prepared from liver sections removed from anesthetised
      New Zealand White rabbits. Two groups of rabbits, distinguished by different
      levels of progesterone 21-hydroxylase, were compared for in vitro and in vivo
      metabolism of [3H]deoxycorticosterone/[14C]progesterone mixtures. In vitro,
      microsomes with low 21-hydroxylase activity gave significantly lower yields of
      pregnenoic acid than those with higher 21-hydroxylase activities. In vivo, these
      differences were not evident from an examination of the 3H/14C ratios of acidic
      urinary metabolites.

PMID- 3879321
TI  - A simple method for high resolution light microscopy of nervous tissue.
AB  - A simple method for high resolution light microscopy of nervous tissue is
      described. Tissue perfused with glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde and postfixed
      with osmium tetroxide is embedded in HistoResin (LKB Bromma), a new glycol
      methacrylate based embedding medium, and sectioned (2 microns) on a standard
      microtome. The method gives excellent preservation of tissue structure, which is
      far superior to that in paraffin sections and in fact resembles that in epoxy
      resin-embedded material. It does not, however, require the time, expertise and
      ultramicrotome needed to cut epoxy resin sections. This technique is particularly
      useful for assessing demyelination.

PMID- 3879322
TI  - [Osteocalcin as marker of bone metabolism].

PMID- 3879323
TI  - [Aerosol and electro-aerosol therapy].

PMID- 3879324
TI  - [Hemorrhoids].

PMID- 3879325
TI  - Health services and social research: the bridge between.

PMID- 3879327
TI  - Basic research and its potentials of relevance.

PMID- 3879326
TI  - A perspective: health services research at Mount Sinai Medical Center, NY.

PMID- 3879328
TI  - Health services research for hospital policy.

PMID- 3879329
TI  - Health services research in action: explaining a decrease in patient visits at a
      diabetes clinic.

PMID- 3879330
TI  - Development and application of a productivity data base for hospitals.

PMID- 3879331
TI  - Constraints in the development of a rural primary health care program in the
      Dominican Republic.

PMID- 3879332
TI  - The role of social scientists in planning and implementing change in a medical
      center.

PMID- 3879333
TI  - Research settings and health services research: does where you do it affect who
      listens?

PMID- 3879334
TI  - Seminars for congressional aides: an educational program on the role of the urban
      academic medical center.

PMID- 3879335
TI  - The role of research when a biomedical issue is politicized: the regulation of
      methadone maintenance programs.

PMID- 3879336
TI  - Can academic medical center health services research be useful in community
      development?

PMID- 3879337
TI  - Arbitrating change in staff attitudes and training programs on a surgical
      service.

PMID- 3879338
TI  - Protection against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine neurotoxicity by
      the antioxidant ascorbic acid.
AB  - Administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP; 2 X 8 mg/kg
      retro-orbital) to BALB/cBy mice reduced [3H]mazindol binding to striatal
      membranes by 50%. Reactive oxygen derivatives have been suggested to be involved
      in MPTP neurotoxicity; therefore we examined the effects of ascorbic acid (an
      antioxidant). Ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg) given 20 min prior to MPTP administration
      appreciably prevented the reduction of [3H]mazindol binding. The involvement of
      oxidative processes in the mechanism of MPTP neurotoxicity may suggest a
      relationship to the etiology of Parkinson's disease, and the possible benefit of
      treatment with ascorbic acid.

PMID- 3879339
TI  - Ascorbic acid reduces the dopamine depletion induced by MPTP.
AB  - The administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to mice
      was found to cause a long-lasting depletion of striatal dopamine concentrations,
      but did not alter striatal serotonin concentrations. The concomitant
      administration of ascorbic acid attenuated this MPTP-induced dopamine depletion.
      These observations are discussed in reference to the possible mechanisms through
      which MPTP exerts its neurotoxic actions on dopaminergic neurons.

PMID- 3879340
TI  - Ultrastructural correlates of experimentally altered transmitter release efficacy
      in frog motor nerve terminals.
AB  - After experimentally inducing long term changes in transmitter release, a series
      of frog neuromuscular junctions were studied with intracellular recording and
      then semi-serially sectioned and examined in the electron microscope. Transmitter
      release per unit length of motor nerve terminal was well correlated with several
      measures of the length of individual presynaptic active zones and with the number
      of mitochondria per terminal. Total release from each terminal correlated with
      estimates of the total amount of active zone. This study of neuromuscular
      junctions in sartorius muscles of the frog Rana pipiens was undertaken to search
      for ultrastructural correlates of the increase in transmitter release efficacy
      that follows denervation of the contralateral sartorius. This treatment typically
      results in greatly enhanced release at some synapses while others appear
      unaffected. In the present study, nine identified junctions with known
      physiological properties were sectioned every 6 micron throughout much of their
      length to yield 40-105 cross-sectional profiles per junction. Overall, these 9
      synapses showed a 33-fold range in quantal transmitter release and an 18-fold
      range in release per unit nerve terminal. Release correlated with estimates of
      active zone size. No correlations were found between release and the density of
      synaptic vesicles adjacent to active zones. Our results suggest that active zones
      in motor nerve terminals are plastic structures, and that changes in active zone
      size may be the structural basis of long term changes in transmitter release and
      synaptic efficacy.

PMID- 3879341
TI  - Corticotropin-releasing factor and forskolin increase proopiomelanocortin
      messenger RNA levels in rat anterior and intermediate cells in vitro.
AB  - The effect of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on messenger ribonucleic
      acid (mRNA) level encoding proopiomelanocortin (POMC) was studied in serum-free
      primary cultures of intermediate (IL) and anterior lobe (AL) cells of rat
      pituitary. Levels of POMC mRNA were quantitated by hybridization to a 32P
      labeled, single-stranded POMC complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) probe.
      This effect was time dependent and after 48 h of treatment, POMC mRNA levels in
      IL cells and AL corticotrophs were increased by 116 +/- 9% and 118 +/- 2% of
      control values, respectively. Forskolin (1 microM) induced a similar increase in
      POMC mRNA in both pituitary cell types. These data suggest that CRF might
      stimulate the gene expression of POMC in pituitary melanotrope and corticotrope
      cells. Moreover, our findings are consistent with the role of cAMP as a second
      messenger for CRF in IL and AL corticotrophic cells.

PMID- 3879342
TI  - Choroideremia in a genotypically normal female. A case report.
AB  - A 10-year-old girl demonstrated advanced choroideremia. She had decreased visual
      acuity, high myopia, and characteristic fundus findings of choroideremia. Her
      ERG, dark adaptation, visual fields, and fluorescein angiogram were all abnormal;
      the results were consistent with choroideremia. Her chromosome studies revealed
      that she was a genotypically normal female. Her parents were examined
      ophthalmologically and found to be normal.

PMID- 3879343
TI  - [Orthopedic treatment of the deformities in multiple exostotic chondrodysplasia
      in children and adolescents].

PMID- 3879344
TI  - Ganja smokers among the freshmen in the University of North Sumatera Medan
      Indonesia.

PMID- 3879345
TI  - Diarrhoeal problems and infant & child mortality in Indonesia.

PMID- 3879346
TI  - In vitro effect of a bovine thymic extract (thymostimulin) on T-cell
      differentiation in cord blood lymphocytes.
AB  - Cord blood lymphocytes were isolated from 40 normal newborns. The initial 20
      samples were used to determine the dose-response curve of bovine thymic extract
      (Thymostimulin) by the measurement of active T cells. Results showed that the
      active T cells increased significantly when the Thymostimulin concentration was
      increased to 50 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml. The remaining 20 samples were divided into
      three portions and preincubated either with 50 ng and 100 ng of Thymostimulin or
      without Thymostimulin. The total T cells, active T cells, B cells, T-cell
      subsets, and lymphoproliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A,
      and pokeweed mitogen were determined. The results showed that the active T cells,
      total T cells, B cells, OKT4 cells, and OKT8 cells were significantly increased
      after Thymostimulin treatment. The lymphoproliferative responses were also
      significantly increased. These data strongly support our conclusion that
      Thymostimulin has a marked stimulating effect on human lymphocyte proliferation
      and differentiation.

PMID- 3879347
TI  - T lymphocyte subpopulations in progressive systemic sclerosis defined by
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Twenty two patients with progressive systemic sclerosis were studied by
      monoclonal antibodies to detect OKT4 and OKT8 positive cells. The absolute number
      of OKT4 and OKT8 cells was not altered as compared to control values. The ratio
      of T4/T8 cells slightly increased without statistical significance. The number of
      E-rosette forming T-cells was reduced in patients with progressive systemic
      sclerosis. Six months later 11 patients were reinvestigated, and similar results
      were obtained for the T-cell subsets and the ratio of T4/T8 positive cells.
      Individual data showed marked variability in the two periods of investigation
      without however, any correlation to the clinical findings. The sclerodermic
      patients had a long disease duration and showed no immunoregulatory T-cell
      imbalance.

PMID- 3879348
TI  - [Assessment of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in cerebrovascular disease
      using SPECT and N-isopropyl-p-[123I] iodoamphetamine (IMP): comparison with IMP
      hemispheric uptake count and mean CBF by 133Xe arterial infusion method].

PMID- 3879349
TI  - Localization of post-infarction myocardial ischemia by 201Tl emission computed
      tomography.
AB  - In 41 patients with a history of a single myocardial infarction, the location of
      myocardial ischemia was studied by 201Tl emission computed tomography immediately
      and 3 h after intravenous dipyridamole. Distant ischemia was distinguished from
      periinfarctional ischemia by the presence of transient thallium defects in, or
      slow thallium washout from, myocardium not supplied by the infarct-related
      coronary artery. Distant ischemia occurred in 13 patients and was always
      accompanied by peri-infarctional ischemia. Peri-infarctional ischemia without
      distant ischemia was observed in 15 patients. The occurrence of distant ischemia
      was found to be dependent on the severity of stenosis in non-infarct coronary
      vessels. Twelve (86%) of 14 patients with non-infarct stenosis of 75% or greater
      had distant ischemia, but only 1 (4%) of 27 patients with non-infarct stenosis of
      less than 75%. In the presence of distant ischemia, peri-infarctional ischemia
      was in 11 patients (85%) of the patients with peri-infarctional ischemia only,
      incomplete obstruction of the infarct vessel was observed. It is concluded that,
      by the distinction between peri-infarctional and distant ischemia, the presence
      of significant stenosis in non-infarct vessels can be non-invasively predicted
      from tomographic thallium scintigraphy with dipyridamole.

PMID- 3879350
TI  - [Immunoscintigraphy and SPECT in patients with pancreatic cancer].
AB  - Encouraged by reports on immunoscintigraphy of colorectal carcinomas and by the
      results of our own immunohistochemical and immunoscintigraphic studies in nude
      mice with transplanted pancreatic carcinoma, we studied the diagnostic potential
      of immunoscintigraphy with a cocktail of 131I-labeled monoclonal antibodies
      against the tumor markers CA 19-9 and CEA in 21 patients with pancreatic cancer
      disease. The results were compared with those of 10 patients suffering from
      colorectal tumors, 2 cases with bile duct carcinoma and 1 with gastric cancer.
      Planar scintigraphy with 2-4 views was done repeatedly within 6 days after i.v
      infusion of 2 mCi of the antibody cocktail. SPECT was performed 3-4 days p.i.,
      recently at 1 or 2 days, too. Primary tumors and metastases in the upper
      abdominal parts were more difficult to detect and to localise in comparison to
      colorectal cancer in the lower parts of the abdomen, because of relatively high
      tracer accumulation in kidneys, liver and spleen. Tumor enhancement in planar
      scintigrams was, in most cases, not recognized prior to 5 or 6 days p.i., but by
      SPECT 3 days p.i. or even earlier. Localisation and topographic determination
      were much easier and more frequent with SPECT, so that tumor detection became
      more reliable and sensitive. Large tumors could be detected in some cases without
      tumor marker concentrations in serum being elevated. Immunoscintigraphy of
      pancreatic carcinomas and of other cancer manifestations in the upper abdomen up
      to now seems to be of limited diagnostic value, the techniques involved need to
      be improved.

PMID- 3879351
TI  - [Leukocytes, between morphology and function].
AB  - Knowledge regarding the immune activity of lymphocytes is quite recent.
      Polymorphonuclear phagocytosis was described about a century ago, but subdivision
      of lymphocytes into T and B cells dates back only two decades. Pathophysiologic
      observations on lymphocytes in the course of infectious mononucleosis have been a
      source of extremely interesting data. Recognizing different T lymphocyte subsets
      has enormously enriched knowledge of their functional activities, while the
      contribution of morphological studies has been very limited.

PMID- 3879353
TI  - Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in children. A case report and review of literature.

PMID- 3879352
TI  - [Recent advances in histiocytosis].
AB  - "Histiocytosis" is the term currently used to describe the group of diseases
      characterized by activation and proliferation of monocytic-mononuclear cells.
      Some of these are "reactive" to well-known causes, mycobacteriae, viral and
      parasitic infections, or chronic storage of minerals. Wider and more intriguing
      is the group of histiocytosis secondary to unknown causes: sinus histiocytosis
      with massive lymphadenopathy; histiocytosis in the course of systemic illnesses
      such as rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, Crohn disease, ulcerative colity, sarcoidosis,
      Weber-Christian disease, Wegener granulomatosis. Histiocitytosis X is the most
      frequent type of histiocytosis. Hematophagocytosis is a paraphysiologic
      phenomenon; however, when enormously increased it is characteristic of both the
      virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome and Farquhar syndrome. In some cases of
      severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCID) histiocytic proliferation has been
      observed. Finally, during the past decade the morphologic approach has led to
      definition of the X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) and its erroneous
      classification as histiocytosis. These conditions are reviewed and some clinical
      cases are reported.

PMID- 3879354
TI  - Omenn disease: termination in lymphoma.
AB  - Two brothers with Omenn's disease were seen at the University of Wisconsin. The
      first died at 3 months. The second developed a chronic measles infection from
      vaccination with a live virus to which he did not produce an antibody. He
      received transfer factor and irradiated leukocyte infusions without benefit.
      After death a lymphoma was found in virtually all tissues. It is unclear whether
      the treatment predisposed the child to or caused the cancer. Omenn's disease is
      an autosomal-recessive disorder of the immune system that leads to early death.
      The pathogenesis remains unknown.

PMID- 3879355
TI  - Perinatal (congenital and neonatal) neoplasms: a report of 110 cases.
AB  - One hundred ten congenital and neonatal tumors encompassing a 25-year period are
      described and compared with similar published cases. Forty percent are classified
      as histologically malignant, and 65% of neonates with malignancies died. The
      types, frequency, and clinical features of neoplasms encountered in the perinatal
      period are markedly different from those observed in older children and
      adolescents. Their biological behavior and response to therapy are also
      dissimilar. Leukemia was responsible for the largest number of deaths followed by
      neuroblastoma and brain tumors.

PMID- 3879356
TI  - Thymus in untreated systemic histiocytosis X.
AB  - Histology, ultrastructure, and lymphocyte subsets were evaluated in thymic tissue
      obtained from a child with disseminated histiocytosis X (HX) prior to therapy.
      Extensive medullary infiltration by typical HX cells was associated with active
      destruction of thymic epithelium, medullary pseudocysts, and prevalence of
      calcospherites, some of which were in HX cells. The presence of minimally
      affected Hassall bodies indicates that the thymus was probably normal prior to
      onset of disease. Conventional studies of immunologic function showed no
      deficits, but reduction of OKT6- and OKT8-labeled lymphocytes in a thymic
      suspension may mean that thymic processing of lymphocytes was impaired.
      Destruction of thymic epithelium occurs regularly in HX, but it may be an
      insignificant epiphenomenon resulting from the affinity of HX cells for squamous
      epithelium.

PMID- 3879357
TI  - [Oriental medicine in the management of TMJ syndrome].

PMID- 3879358
TI  - [Update clinical highlights].

PMID- 3879359
TI  - [Bronchoalveolar lavage].

PMID- 3879360
TI  - [Blood elastase in tuberculosis and other lung diseases].

PMID- 3879361
TI  - Cerebral localization of emotion based on clinical-neuropathological
      correlations: methodological issues.
AB  - The method of clinico-pathological correlation for drawing inferences about the
      localization of particular cerebral functions has a long history of use, and well
      established theoretical limitations. Release phenomena, loss of excitatory drive,
      as well as non-specific tissue responses to injury may all have a bearing on
      observed behavioral change. Nevertheless, the consistent observation that
      severity of depression in stroke patients is greater for left hemispheric
      strokes, and greater for left frontal versus left occipital strokes is of
      considerable interest. Site of lesion appears to have greater explanatory power
      for this emotional symptom than the obvious psychological explanations in terms
      of loss of self-esteem and loss of function. Depression is greater for strokes in
      general than would be expected for equivalent loss of motor function with
      orthopedic etiology. Loss of cognitive function likewise is a poorer guide to
      severity of depression than site of lesion. On the other hand, accuracy of lesion
      assessment using present static anatomical methods (CAT scan), and reliability
      and validity of the psychopathological examination present methodological
      difficulties which are discussed. As newer brain imaging techniques that are
      sensitive to function are developed, this line of enquiry holds considerable
      promise for furthering our understanding of the anatomy and physiology of
      emotion.

PMID- 3879362
TI  - [Current status of intrathecal antifibrinolytic therapy with p-aminomethylbenzoic
      acid (PAMBA) in subarachnoid hemorrhages].
AB  - The blood-brain barrier is barely affected by slight or moderate subarachnoidal
      bleeding so that the p-aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA) administered systemically
      for antifibrinolytic therapy does not attain the continuous level necessary in
      the cerebrospinal fluid. Thus the antifibrinolytic agent should be applied
      intrathecally because this would totally inhibit fibrinolytic activity in
      cerebrospinal fluid containing blood and during the wound healing of ruptured
      aneurysmas. The improvement in wound healing reduces the occurrence of
      rebleeding, especially during the first 10 days, and improves conditions for
      successful surgical intervention.

PMID- 3879363
TI  - Assessment of refusal skill in minority youth.

PMID- 3879364
TI  - [New concepts in virilizing adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase block].

PMID- 3879365
TI  - [Effect of smoking on the concentration and activity of serum alpha-1 anti
      protease according to Pi phenotype].
AB  - In an epidemiological study on the respiratory pathology of 1 100 iron miners,
      the alpha 1 protease inhibitor concentration (alpha 1 Pi) and the elastase
      inhibitory capacity (EIC) of serum were determined in 97 men with deficient Pi
      phenotype (73 MS, 24 MZ or S) compared with PiM non deficient men adjusted for
      age and tobacco consumption. There were differences in alpha 1 Pi concentration
      and in alpha 1 inhibitory capacity between phenotype groups in agreement with the
      results of other studies. Smoking produces an increase of serum alpha 1 Pi
      concentration and EIC in all Pi phenotype groups. This increase is more important
      (30%) in the MS group than in the others (MZ 20%, M 12%). This effect which
      appears to be related to smoking intensity does not seem to have a link with an
      alteration or a modification of the molecular function which is at a rate of 70%
      in all cases.

PMID- 3879366
TI  - [Electric ablation with intravenous catheters].

PMID- 3879367
TI  - [Cardiac fulguration].

PMID- 3879368
TI  - [Interruption of the auriculoventricular conduction by endocavitary electric
      shock. A new alternative in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardias].

PMID- 3879369
TI  - [The Sugiura operation. Experience at the Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion
      Salvador Zubiran].

PMID- 3879370
TI  - Comparison of colony-stimulating activities for evaluating in vitro
      granulomonopoiesis in normal subjects and in patients with myeloid leukemias.

PMID- 3879371
TI  - [Progressive systemic sclerosis. Chromosomal instability nd its correlation with
      the presence of autoantibodies].

PMID- 3879372
TI  - [New genetic information on deoxyribonucleic acid from the direct action of near
      ultraviolet light].

PMID- 3879373
TI  - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in childhood].
AB  - Alpha-1-antitrypsin is a blood glycoprotein synthesized in the liver. It is a
      protease inhibitor of the serpine group and has a specific action for elastase.
      Alpha-1-antitrypsin electrophoresis shows about 20 phenotypes, the normal one
      being PiM. The allele PiZ is usually responsible for liver or lung disease in
      children or adults, respectively. Eleven per cent of PiZZ infants present with
      prolonged neonatal cholestasis. Twenty-five of 45 PiZZ infants with prolonged
      neonatal cholestasis presented with later cirrhosis. Persistence of jaundice
      beyond the sixth month of age, early development of splenomegaly, persistence of
      hard hepatomegaly and liver function abnormalities, and early portal fibrosis
      have a poor prognostic significance. The most severe course occurs in infants
      with an early histologic pattern of paucity of interlobular bile ducts. Portal
      hypertension was present in 19 of 25 children presenting with cirrhosis; 8 of 25
      PiZZ children with cirrhosis died during childhood.

PMID- 3879374
TI  - Prevalence of hearing loss at the age of 15 in a birth cohort of 12 000 children
      from northern Finland.
AB  - Hearing losses at the age of 14 years were investigated in a questionnaire
      administered to 11 780 children born in northern Finland and followed up since
      pregnancy. The untraced cases numbered 20, or 1.7 per 1 000. Audiometry screening
      results from the schools were obtained from 97.2% of the 425 children who were
      reported to suffer from hearing loss and a random sample of 959 children with
      normal hearing. When the figures were calculated to represent the whole material
      of 11 748 cases, marked hearing loss, PTA greater than 25 dB in the better ear,
      was found in 64 children, 0.5%, minor loss, greater than 20 dB at 4 kHz but PTA
      less than 25 dB in the better ear, in 420 children, 3.6%, and slight abnormality,
      greater than 20 dB, at any frequency in 1 224, 10.4%. 17.6% of the boys and 11.8%
      of the girls had some kind of hearing loss. Eight children were deaf in both ears
      and 11 in one ear, and 16 children were severely impaired in at least one ear
      (PTA greater than or equal to 60; less than 90 dB).

PMID- 3879375
TI  - Structure and function of the adult inner ear in the mouse following prenatal
      irradiation.
AB  - The function and morphology of the vestibular and cochlear parts of the inner ear
      have been examined after prenatal irradiation on the 12th, 13th and 16th
      gestational days in the CBA/CBA mouse. Irradiation was performed with a 0.5, 1 or
      2 Gy single dose, whole body irradiation of the pregnant female. The irradiated
      fetuses were born after full term pregnancies and reached maturity (were 1--2
      months old) before inner ears were analyzed with regard to vestibular tests,
      auditory thresholds and morphology. Morphology was studied by light microscopy
      (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy
      (SEM). Auditory function was analyzed by frequency specific auditory brainstem
      response (ABR). Irradiation doses exceeding 2 Gy caused death to the pregnant
      female, abortion or malformed litters which were eaten by their mothers. Doses of
      0.5, 1 and 2 Gy caused malformed cristae ampullares and maculae utriculi, in
      particular after exposure on the 12th or 13th gestational days. After those doses
      no abnormality of clinical behaviour of the animals was found. Ultrastructurally,
      type I hair cells (HC) of the vestibular part seemed more vulnerable to
      irradiation than the type II HC while the outer (OHC) and inner (IHC) hair cells
      appeared equally vulnerable. The ultrastructural changes of hair cells were
      predominantly localized to the hair cell surface showing a defect cuticle which
      was sometimes malformed and bulging. Sensory hair fusion occurred with a
      resulting poor maturation of sensory hair rootlets. The efferent nerve endings
      were estimated to be reduced in number but, if present, they had a normal
      ultrastructure. Otoconia showed severe morphological damage following irradiation
      particularly if exposed on the 16th gestational day. Malformed and fused otoconia
      were frequent having a disarrayed matrix. The irradiation induced morphological
      alterations in vivo could be reproduced in the in vitro systems. In addition, a
      retarded growth of the in vitro developing inner ear anlage was estimated to be
      the same for the vestibular and cochlear parts. The cochlear part of the inner
      ear showed a dose and age dependent hearing loss following irradiation. A shift
      of the ABR threshold was recorded in all exposed groups that were irradiated with
      2 Gy. A correlation was found between the individual ABR-audiograms and the
      degree of morphological HC damage in the cochlea along the basilar membrane. The
      12th gestational day inner ear anlage was most vulnerable to irradiation. The
      13th gestational day inner ear was almost equally vulnerable and showed a dose
      response relationship.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3879376
TI  - Symptoms in patients with peptic ulcer and hematemesis and/or melena related to
      the use of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs.
AB  - One hundred and seven consecutive patients with hematemesis and/or melena and a
      diagnosis of duodenal, gastric, or esophageal ulcers were interviewed immediately
      before or after endoscopy about the use of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs
      (NSAIDs) and symptoms before the hemorrhage. If the patients admitted no symptoms
      of abdominal pain or discomfort, nausea, vomiting, or heartburn, they were
      classified as having no ulcer symptoms before the hemorrhage. Patients who had
      not taken NSAIDs during the last 48 h before the hemorrhage were classified as
      not having taken NSAIDs. Significantly fewer patients had ulcer symptoms in the
      group that had used NSAIDs than in the other group (p less than 0.01). This may
      be interpreted as a possible masking effect by NSAIDs on ulcer symptoms.
      Physicians and patients should be aware of this possible effect of NSAIDs.

PMID- 3879377
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy study of human cornea and conjunctiva in normal and
      various pathological conditions.
AB  - Relatively few morphological studies on human cornea have been performed due to
      the difficulty in obtaining material. The specimens may be obtained either by
      superficial scraping-off, limited to the epithelial layer, or from corneal
      buttons obtained at keratoplasty. Conjunctiva, on the other hand, may be obtained
      by painless biopsy. We have studied the three-dimensional ultrastructure of the
      normal cornea and conjunctiva and in the course of various diseases where the
      application of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) seemed to be useful. In the
      cornea, we studied Fuchs' endo-epithelial dystrophy. In the conjunctiva, we
      analysed the ultrastructural characteristics of adenovirus follicular
      conjunctivitis, hay fever conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. We also
      considered the problem of contact lens wearing, studying by SEM both the
      conjunctival tissue and the discarded lenses. On the basis of our results we
      conclude that SEM supplies useful information which integrates that obtained by
      biomicroscopy, used by clinicians to interpret the lesions at microscopic level.
      It is, however, indispensable to carry out, in addition to SEM, an examination on
      sections to completely investigate the disease.

PMID- 3879378
TI  - Herpes zoster ocular infection.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 171 patients with herpes zoster ocular infection has
      been carried out to determine the effect of treatment with either topical
      acyclovir, topical steroids, or a combination of both. Acyclovir was superior to
      steroids and to the combination. Treatment with topical acyclovir was on average
      54 days compared with 200 days with steroids, and recurrences were 6% with
      acyclovir compared with 50% with steroids.

PMID- 3879379
TI  - Immunological mechanisms in glomerulonephritis. A short review and analysis of
      peripheral mononuclear cell subsets in IgA nephropathy and membranous
      glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Recent advances in immunology and histological techniques suggest that besides
      humoral also cellular mechanisms participate in the development of glomerular
      disease. The purpose of this study was to examine whether patients with IgA
      nephropathy or membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) show a disturbance of the
      immunoregulatory system in the light of peripheral T lymphocyte subset analysis.
      Mononuclear leukocytes were analysed with monoclonal antibodies (OKT 11, 4 and 8,
      OKM 1, Leu 7). Two categories of findings, depending on the clinical picture,
      were obtained in both types of nephritis. Of 16 IgA nephropathy patients, eight
      with more serious clinical symptoms had a significantly lower OKT4/OKT8 ratio
      (mean +/- s.d.: 1.13 +/- 0.37) than controls, p less than 0.01. This was mainly
      due to an increase of OKT 8 positive cells. Patients with a mild clinical picture
      had a normal OKT4/OKT8 ratio. An equally low OKT4/OKT8 ratio (1.22 +/- 0.44) was
      observed in seven MGN patients with nephrotic range proteinuria. Some of the
      patients with a high percentage of OKT 8 positive cells had a high percentage of
      Leu 7 positive cells, too. These results suggest disturbed immunoregulation in a
      group of patients with IgA nephropathy or MGN. However, nephrosis may have
      influenced results in the MGN group. The cause and prognostic significance of the
      decreased OKT4/OKT8 ratio is uncertain at the present time.

PMID- 3879380
TI  - Energy cost and physiological reactions to effort during activation of
      paraplegics by functional electrical stimulation.
AB  - In this study, the aim was to evaluate the influence on the cardiopulmonary
      system of muscular contractions of the paralyzed limbs in paraplegia, activated
      by FES during treatment, and the energy cost of standing and walking while using
      FES as an orthotic aid. Three traumatic spastic paraplegics were selected for the
      measurements. At the end of a 6 month training program heart rate and oxygen
      consumption of the patients were evaluated as follows: at rest; following 30
      minutes of FES in the sitting position; following 15 minutes of standing; and
      during ambulation. Lactic acid level during maximal effort was evaluated as well.
      The results indicated a low energy cost of FES in the sitting position and during
      usage of FES as an orthotic device for standing, confirming the beneficial effect
      of FES for spastic paraplegics. However, effort invested during ambulation by
      means of FES was found exhaustive and FES is therefore advisable for young
      subjects mainly.

PMID- 3879381
TI  - Activation of paraplegic patients by functional electrical stimulation: training
      and biomechanical evaluation.
AB  - A training method for the activation of the lower limb muscles of paraplegics by
      functional electrical stimulation (FES) for standing and walking is described. It
      consists of a daily program which does not interfere with the normal routine of
      the patient. The treatment of four patients, paralysed form 7 to 30 years, is
      described. In these patients, a good standing position was achieved by
      stimulating the quadriceps, sometimes supplemented by the gluteus maximus or
      medius muscles. Gait was obtained by activation of the flexion reflex in a single
      stimulation and by tilting the trunk. Difficulties during gait were encountered
      due to the strong adduction of the legs. No mechanical support was required for
      locking of the lower limb joints. However, to maintain the equilibrium of the
      body, external support such as parallel bars, walker or Canadian crutches were
      used. During treatment gait improved due to reduction of spasticity and better
      stability of the body. Biomechanical measurements of weight bearing on the legs
      indicated values ranging between 41 to 65% of the body weight. During gait, a
      steady improvement of velocity was noted, with a parallel decrease in stance and
      stride times.

PMID- 3879382
TI  - Research issues in child abuse.
AB  - Research into child abuse and its interpretation has been bedevilled by
      controversy over questions of definition and appropriate approaches. It is
      suggested in this paper that different questions require different approaches,
      and that the use of both sociological and medical models may be justified
      depending on the nature of the research issue. Possible future social science
      research activity based on this distinction is described in relation to
      definition, the acceptability of violence in society, the perception of
      punishment, the establishment of standards of care and decision-making by
      professionals. Specific recommendations concerning future research into
      prevention and treatment using a more medical approach are also outlined.

PMID- 3879383
TI  - Landholding, wealth and risk of blinding malnutrition in rural Bangladeshi
      households.
AB  - The 1982-1983 Bangladesh nutritional blindness study visited 11,618 rural
      households and examined 18,660 preschool-age children in an effort to determine
      the prevalence and determinants of eye lesions and loss of sight due to vitamin A
      deficiency (xerophthalmia). Risk of xerophthalmia was significantly higher for
      children from households without any of the indicators of relative wealth used.
      Almost 80% of blind children from landless households, and even a very small
      garden reduced considerably the chances of a household having a xerophthalmic
      child. Poorer households with access to less than 0.3 acres land or no garden or
      without a tin roof, wristwatch, radio or cycle were at least twice as likely as
      their more fortunate neighbours to have a young child with any type of
      xerophthalmia. Taking account of such socio-environmental risk factor weightings
      would direct the scarce resources of intervention programmes to households and
      children who most need them.

PMID- 3879384
TI  - A longitudinal study of work loss related to dental diseases.
AB  - This paper analyzes the effects of dental conditions on social functioning by
      measuring the incidence of work loss days associated with dental problems and
      treatments in 1 year. A longitudinal study of 1992 employed adults in the
      Hartford, Conn. area was conducted. Participants were interviewed at baseline to
      collect data on sociodemographic, health care and health status factors and were
      followed for 1 year to assess the incidence of dental work loss days. The results
      showed that 26.4% of the sample reported an episode of dentally-related work,
      with a mean of 1.26 hours per person per year. The most important predictors of
      having work loss were high number of dental visits, previously having an episode
      of work loss, being young and being in the higher social classes. The most
      important variables explaining total hours of work loss were treatment severity,
      previous work loss, low income and being non-white. While work loss rates varied
      by some important treatment and sociodemographic factors, more sensitive outcome
      indicators are needed to detect individual differences in the effects of dental
      conditions on social functioning. Yet, the results do suggest that work loss days
      may be a useful population statistic in measuring oral health status because of
      the high prevalence of dental disease.

PMID- 3879385
TI  - [Natural history of periodontal disease in the development of scientific
      thought].

PMID- 3879386
TI  - [Mandibular location of chronic disseminated histiocytosis X].

PMID- 3879387
TI  - [Histiocytosis X: report of a case].

PMID- 3879388
TI  - [Electroanalgesia].

PMID- 3879389
TI  - [Diagnosis and management of pain. Trigeminal neuralgia].

PMID- 3879390
TI  - [Clinical use of pranoprofen for the pain following tooth extraction].

PMID- 3879392
TI  - Normal axonemal structure and function in Kartagener's syndrome: an explicable
      paradox.

PMID- 3879393
TI  - [Alpha-methyldopa and immunity disorders. Clinical and immunologic study of a
      series of 61 patients].

PMID- 3879391
TI  - State of the vein grafts, native coronary arteries, and myocardium and principal
      cause of death in patients dying after aortocoronary bypass grafting.
AB  - Fifty five patients with 108 coronary bypass saphenous vein grafts were studied
      at necropsy. The mean duration of the grafts was 153 days (SD 516). The luminal
      narrowing of the native coronary arteries proximal to, at, and distal to the vein
      graft anastomoses and the narrowing of the non-grafted arteries were evaluated
      planimetrically. Twenty nine per cent of coronary arteries distal to graft
      anastomoses showed at least 76% narrowing and 50-75% occlusion was seen in 39% of
      such arteries. Fifty three per cent of non-grafted arteries showed at least 76%
      luminal narrowing and 26% had 50-75% narrowing. Six patients (11%) had surgically
      induced dissection of coronary arteries. Seventy seven vein grafts (71%) showed
      no appreciable luminal narrowing. Problems related to operative technique caused
      30% of the deaths.

PMID- 3879394
TI  - Current and future concepts of the design of the intraocular lens.
AB  - Anterior chamber lenses are currently much less popular than posterior chamber
      lenses. They are mainly used in conjunction with intracapsular cataract
      extraction, as a secondary lens implant, and as a back up lens in case of
      intraoperative complications of extracapsular cataract extraction. A major
      disadvantage of anterior chamber lenses is improper sizing. Rigid lenses cause
      the greatest ocular tenderness and present serious problems with errors in sizing
      but they are the easiest to explant. Semiflexible and flexible lenses show a
      greater tendency to develop peripheral anterior synechiae. This makes explanation
      a very difficult procedure. Posterior chamber lenses are the most popular today.
      There is a trend toward all-PMMA lenses because of concern over the
      biocompatibility of polypropylene. The use of a laser ridge may inhibit posterior
      capsule opacification and facilitate YAG laser posterior capsulectomy.
      Ultraviolet blockers are being incorporated as a copolymer of a mechanical
      additive. There is a major trend towards capsular bag fixation of posterior
      chamber lenses as a result of complications associated with sulcus-fixated
      lenses. These include: disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier due to loop
      penetration of the ciliary body; chafing of the posterior surface of the iris
      leading to transillumination defects, microhyphaemas, and pigment dispersion
      glaucoma. It is predicted that the number of cataract extractions and the
      percentage of intraocular lens implantations will continue to increase due to
      demographic factors. Budgetary allocations for research and development will
      increase because of the involvement of some of the giants of medical industry.
      This will lead to new implant materials and new surgical techniques.

PMID- 3879395
TI  - The present understanding of cystoid macular oedema.

PMID- 3879396
TI  - Lymphocyte subpopulations transformation studies in an experimental model of
      intestinal and hepatic amoebiasis.
AB  - The lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood and blast transformation were
      studied on days 0, 3, 7, 11, 15, 20 and 35 after infection in progesterone
      treated guinea-pigs which had been experimentally infected with Entamoeba
      histolytica by intracaecal inoculation. In animals with intestinal infection,
      lowered T cell numbers and blast transformation were seen during the acute phase
      with a subsequent tendency to recover. In guinea-pigs with hepatic amoebiasis,
      both these parameters were significantly depressed throughout the period of study
      with no tendency to recovery. In progesterone-treated and sham-operated animals,
      a less marked depression of T cells, was observed. The B cell population did not
      vary greatly in either group. This study has thus shown that in hepatic
      amoebiasis there is highly significant depression in both number and function of
      T cells in comparison to intestinal amoebiasis.

PMID- 3879397
TI  - Depletion of T lymphocyte population in pneumococcal infection.
AB  - T lymphocyte population in absolute numbers and percentage is decreased during
      the course of pneumococcal infection in Nigerians and may explain, to some
      extent, the frequent complication of herpes labialis.

PMID- 3879398
TI  - Isolation of Gardnerella vaginalis from high vaginal swabs.
AB  - Vaginal swabs from 2715 consecutive unselected women with vaginal discharge were
      examined for Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis.
      Of 2715 women, 2043 had non-specific vaginitis and G. vaginalis was isolated from
      269 cases (13.2%). Thirty five of the strains were isolated together with C.
      albicans, eight with T. vaginalis, six with Bacteroides species and three each
      with group B Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Two hundred and sixteen
      (80%) of the isolates were from females between the age of 20 and 34. All 269
      strains hydrolysed hippurate and fermented starch; 161 (60%) were isolated from
      swabs without clue cells. Although facts suggest that vaginal discharge in most
      of these cases had been associated with G. vaginalis, a possible aetiological
      role for other micro-organisms has not been ruled out. However, successful
      therapy with metronidazole in 80% of those cases suggests that G. vaginalis is
      one cause of non-specific vaginitis. The prevalence rate of G. vaginalis in 160
      randomly selected women without vaginal discharge was 5%.

PMID- 3879399
TI  - A case of conjunctivitis in a neonate due to Gardnerella vaginalis.
AB  - A case of conjunctivitis in a neonate caused by Gardnerella vaginalis is
      described. The diagnosis was confirmed by examination of a Gram-stained smear,
      isolation of the organism from the conjunctival swab, and also by response to
      treatment with chloramphenicol. The organism was probably derived from the
      mother's birth canal during delivery and the early rupture of membrane might be
      the predisposing factor.

PMID- 3879400
TI  - [Complex conservative treatment of endothelial and epithelial corneal dystrophy
      using therapeutic collagen coating].

PMID- 3879401
TI  - [Morphological changes in the cornea after irradiation with the ytterbium-erbium
      laser (experimental study)].

PMID- 3879402
TI  - [Electropuncture reflexotherapy of dysbinocular amblyopia].

PMID- 3879403
TI  - [Diagnosis of traumatic lens subluxation using Purkinje-Sanson images].

PMID- 3879404
TI  - [Immunologic reactivity and ultrastructure of blood cells in appendicular
      peritonitis in children].

PMID- 3879405
TI  - [Hemorrhage after operations on the abdominal organs].

PMID- 3879406
TI  - [Immunological status and somatotropic activity of the pituitary in combined
      abdominal injuries complicated by peritonitis].
AB  - Associated injuries of the abdomen result in peritonitis twice more often than
      isolated ones, the peritonitis having more severe course and being the cause of
      lethal outcomes in 57% of the victims. The immune deficient state is thought to
      be one of the causes responsible for the reduced resistance to infection and the
      development of peritonitis in the postshock period. Patients with associated
      traumas show a considerable inhibition of the immune system within several hours
      and an impairment of its regulation which grows during the next day. So, even at
      the early terms the operative methods must be similar to those used in operations
      for the developed peritonitis.

PMID- 3879407
TI  - [Galvanomud therapy in the complex restorative treatment of patients with
      gastrointestinal diseases at the Mirgorod health resort].

PMID- 3879408
TI  - [Diagnosis of the so-called latent and torpid forms of rheumatism].

PMID- 3879409
TI  - [Cellular and humoral indicators of the immunomodulating effect of levamisole in
      patients with lymphocytic leukemia].

PMID- 3879410
TI  - [Various indicators of the clinico-immunological reactivity of the body in
      cerebral arachnoiditis].

PMID- 3879412
TI  - [Antinuclear antibodies in elderly patients].

PMID- 3879411
TI  - [Thymosin restoration of the interferon-synthesizing capacity of the splenocytes
      in mice undergoing stress exposure].
AB  - Direct correlation was established between changes in the activity of natural
      killers and capacity of lymphocytes for interferon synthesis after stress was
      demonstrated. Thymosin was found to enhance interferon synthesis in response to
      induction with NDV, PHA, and SEA in the period of marked inhibition of splenocyte
      function as a result of stress. The phenomenon of restoration by thymosin of the
      capacity of splenocytes in the post-stress phase to synthesize interferon in
      response to induction was also established in vivo.

PMID- 3879413
TI  - [Aortocoronary bypass operation in the elderly patient: favorable long-term
      course].
AB  - Age has been identified as an independent risk factor for coronary artery bypass
      grafting (CABG). We evaluated, therefore, the perioperative phase and long-term
      prognosis of all patients over the age of 64 (n = 80), who had been operated on
      for coronary heart disease at the University Hospital of Basel/Switzerland
      between 1979 and 1983. These elderly subjects were compared to 80 patients, 50 to
      60 years old at the time of CABG, who were matched for degree of angina pectoris,
      coronary artery disease, left ventricular ejection fraction, sex and year of
      operation (matched-pairs analysis). Evaluation of long-term prognosis was based
      on regular clinical controls and on a questionnaire, sent to the patients in June
      1984. During the perioperative phase 3 patients over 64 died versus 0 in the
      group of patients 50-60 years old. There were more complications in the older
      group (perioperative myocardial infarction 10 vs. 4, pulmonary embolism 2 vs. 0,
      cerebro-vascular insult 4 vs. 0). Three vs. one permanent pacemaker had to be
      implanted for irreversible AV-block. The difference in hospital stay, 21 vs. 19
      days, was not significant. The cumulative survival rate was in both groups 95%
      after one year and 86 vs. 92% 5 years after CABG (difference not significant),
      despite the fact that significantly more elderly patients have had myocardial
      infarction prior to CABG. After an average follow-up of 28 months, 72% vs. 60%
      were without thoracic pain; 63 vs. 49% considered themselves in a good overall
      condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3879414
TI  - Bypass surgery following thrombolytic therapy.
AB  - The reocclusion rate of infarct vessels following lysis amounted to 61/80 (24%)
      with a peak during the first week following the acute event. According to
      Harrison there is a strong correlation between the probability of reocclusion and
      the diameter of the residual stenosis, while the reocclusion rate is independent
      from the anti-coagulative regimen. In the presence of preserved myocardial
      function and significant residual stenoses as well as in patients with multi
      vessel disease additional PTCA or early bypass surgery seems to be indicated, in
      order to prevent re-infarction. 55 out of 180 patients following intracoronary
      lysis, 6 out of 30 following systemic lysis and 2 out of 10 following lysis with
      TPA were operated upon within one week following the acute event. Hospital
      mortality was 3.1% (2/63) and late mortality was 1.6% (1/61). Out of 123 bypass
      grafts 105 (86%) were found to be patent at reangiography. The risk of bleeding
      was studied in 24 patients who were operated upon within 24 hours following the
      acute event. Although the clotting factors, especially the serum fibrinogen, had
      decreased below normal values, there was no increased postoperative blood loss.
      The coagulation factors had risen to normal values within 24 hours.

PMID- 3879415
TI  - [Active immunization against tick-borne encephalitis in the elderly].
AB  - 30 healthy young persons and 19 healthy aged people (between 60-75 years) were
      vaccinated against tick-borne meningoencephalitis virus. The antibody production
      of the young people was compared to that of the aged ones following vaccination.
      It has been found that the antibody production of the aged people was delayed,
      and more elderly people than young ones showed an increase of the IgM-bearing
      lymphocytes after vaccination. The morphological changes of the circulating
      lymphocytes were identified with electron microscope. The presence of cytoplasmic
      inclusions called parallel tubular arrays could be observed in the course of
      immunization. The inclusions were not found before vaccination, and it is
      suggested that the inclusions are related to the in-vivo antigen stimulation.

PMID- 3879416
TI  - Evaluation of early diagnostic criteria including HLA-B27 for ankylosing
      spondylitis in a follow-up study.
AB  - Early diagnostic criteria, a combination of the HLA-B27 test with clinical data,
      ESR and radiological signs, were evaluated in a 5-6 year follow-up study of 77
      patients with possible ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and 45 with other rheumatic
      diseases. 34 (44%) with possible AS at first examination developed definite AS
      according to the New York criteria and 29 (38%) were classified as still possible
      AS. From these data a sensitivity of 82%, a specificity of 68%, a positive
      predictive value of 50% and a negative predictive value of 91% were calculated.
      Therefore the early diagnostic criteria, although of limited value for the
      diagnosis of definite AS, may clearly define patients at risk of AS or
      unclassified seronegative spondylarthropathies.

PMID- 3879417
TI  - The surgery of congenital heart disease in children in 1985.

PMID- 3879418
TI  - Left ventricular thrombus and myocardial infarction.
AB  - The aim of our study was to determine whether a relationship existed between
      echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular thrombus (LVT) and clinical course
      of myocardial infarction. We followed 143 patients who had had typical myocardial
      transmural infarction (82 with "anterior") and 61 with "inferior" myocardial
      infarction) over a three month period. Incidence of LVT, detected by Two
      Dimensional Echocardiography (TDE) was significantly greater in subjects affected
      by "anterior" myocardial infarction (p less than 0.05). Furthermore, the
      occurrence of LVT was more frequent in the presence of left ventricular a-, dys
      kinesis detected by TDE (p less than 0.01). No significant relationship was
      demonstrated either with the occurrence of severe ventricular arrhythmias (Lown 3
      4-5) or with an abnormal stressing test performance. Thus certain clinical and
      laboratory features such as anterior site of infarction, higher serum level of
      CPK and CPK-MB and severe alterations of left ventricular kinesis proved to be
      useful in identifying a subset of patients most likely to have LVT who may
      benefit from early anticoagulant therapy.

PMID- 3879419
TI  - Long term lorcainide therapy guided by electrophysiology studies.
AB  - One hundred patients inducible at electrophysiologic studies underwent serial
      drug testing with procainamide, lidocaine and lorcainide to determine comparative
      efficacy. Acute intravenous administration was followed by repeat programmed
      electrical stimulation (PES) studies on separate days for each antiarrhythmic
      drug. Lorcainide prevented VT induction in 69% of the 100 patients studied,
      procainamide was effective in 50% of the 75 patients studied, and lidocaine
      prevented VT induction in 30% of 53 patients. Following PES and serial drug
      testing, 46 patients were started on lorcainide, 9 patients on procainamide, and
      45 patients were started on other antiarrhythmic drug regimens. Seventy percent
      of the patients have remained on lorcainide therapy, while 47% have continued on
      other drug therapies started over a 20.5 +/- 3.2 month mean follow-up period.
      Despite sleep-wake disturbances and a need for sedation at night, lorcainide
      therapy was tolerated well in this population and remained an effective
      antiarrhythmic with prolonged administration.

PMID- 3879420
TI  - Efficacy and tolerance of intravenous lorcainide in patients with normal and
      impaired intraventricular conduction.
AB  - The effectiveness and safety of intravenous lorcainide was evaluated in 14
      patients with normal (QRS less than 110 ms) and in 9 patients with prolonged QRS
      duration (QRS greater than or equal to 110 ms) showing chronic high frequency
      premature ventricular complexes (mean value of PVCs 17 min-1). Lorcainide was
      infused intravenously by intermittent bolus at 10 mg every minute to a total dose
      of 160 mg with exception of 5 patients with a prolonged QRS duration who only
      received 100 mg. The overall reduction of PVCs 1 hour after administration of the
      drug was 86% (p less than 0.05) in the patients with normal QRS duration and
      98.5% (p less than 0.05) in the patients with a prolonged QRS duration. The mean
      plasma drug level achieved 1 h after treatment was 280 +/- 60 ng/ml in the
      patients with QRS less than 110 ms and 170 +/- 40 ng/ml in the patients with a
      QRS greater than or equal to 110 ms. Heart rate and blood pressure did not change
      but a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in QRS duration (+37%) was observed
      30 min after the infusion of 160 mg lorcainide in the patient group with normal
      QRS duration. Lorcainide was well tolerated. Mild adverse effects were observed
      in five patients including: warmth sensation, vomiting, paresthesias, transient
      hypotension and the development of a junctional escape rhythm. Therefore
      lorcainide appears to be a safe and effective drug, that can even be administered
      to patients with a prolonged QRS duration.

PMID- 3879421
TI  - Cleft uvula.

PMID- 3879422
TI  - The Bostrom-Kugelberg pseudo-isochromatic plates. How efficient is the third
      edition?
AB  - The third edition of the Bostrom-Kugelberg pseudo-isochromatic plates was printed
      to the best possible visual match with the second edition. Slight colour
      differences between the 2 editions initiated this study where 72 colour
      defectives and 57 normal trichromats were tested with the plates and classified
      with the aid of Nagel's anomaloscope. Of the defectives, the plate test disclosed
      all but two anomalous trichromats. One normal subject was falsely classified as
      defective. The plates had to be shown twice according to the instructions since
      otherwise 13 of the 53 normals were misclassified. Three plates were shown to
      have low sensitivity; one is best used as a demonstration plate, and the other
      two can be deleted without lost efficiency. Forty-eight of the colour defectives
      were also studied with Farnsworth's lantern. The correlation between the numbers
      of plate and signal errors was weak. All subjects who failed the lantern test
      made several plate errors, but 15 subjects who passed the lantern test, made two
      or more errors on the plate test. The outcome of the plate test does not give
      evidence of the subject's lantern test performance.

PMID- 3879423
TI  - [Microelectrode depth study of the electroretinogram--the b- and d-waves].

PMID- 3879424
TI  - A high-capacity hydrophobic adsorbent for human serum albumin.
AB  - A simple method, based on salting out hydrophobic interaction chromatography, for
      the efficient removal of trace amounts of serum albumin from partially purified
      protein preparations is described. The method is also successfully applied for
      the purification of albumin from Cohn fraction IV, a by-product obtained from the
      commercial fractionation of human serum proteins by the ethanol precipitation
      procedure. About 70% of the adsorbed albumin can be eluted by buffer of low ionic
      strength and can thus be lyophilized directly, if required. The adsorbent can be
      used for several cycles of adsorption and desorption without affecting its
      selectivity or capacity. Its adsorption properties and capacity for serum albumin
      are compared with those of the commercially available adsorbent Blue Sepharose CL
      6B.

PMID- 3879425
TI  - [Normal position of the stapes in the oval window niche in man].
AB  - A study of mastoid bones showed a central position of stapes only at 67%. At 21%
      a deviation exist to the side of promontorium and at 12% a position directly at
      the promontorium. Secondly is to remark the position of the posterior crus
      incudis lateral on the footplate to the side of promontorium. The cause is to see
      the movement of the labyrinth in connection with the upright posture.

PMID- 3879426
TI  - [Changes in biogenic amine levels in the blood and urine during anesthesia using
      electroacupuncture].

PMID- 3879427
TI  - Lactoferrin: its role as a regulator of human granulopoiesis?
AB  - Lactoferrin has been proposed recently as a physiological regulator of the
      granulocyte-monocyte progenitor (CFU-GM). This glycoprotein, when saturated with
      iron, has been said to limit the CFU-GM growth by decreasing production and
      release of colony stimulating activity by monocytes and macrophages. Human milk
      lactoferrin saturated with iron, at concentrations ranging from 10(-8) M, was
      added either to endogenously stimulated bone marrow cells or to mononucleated
      cells used as feeder layers for adherent cell-depleted marrow. Irrespective of
      the concentration of lactoferrin within the culture system used, no significant
      inhibition of the CFU-GM growth was observed. Moreover, the CFU-GM stimulating
      activity of medium conditioned by a 4 day incubation of 1 X 10(6) mononucleated
      blood cells in the presence or in the absence of lactoferrin was the same.
      Various possible explanations for not confirming the reported inhibiting activity
      of iron-saturated lactoferrin were explored: (a) masking inhibition of the system
      by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), (b) masking inhibition of the system by bovine
      lactoferrin present in the fetal calf serum, (c) preinhibition of the system by
      leukemic-associated inhibitory activity possibly present in the culture system,
      (d) the iron and calcium content of the culture medium used, (e) the fixation of
      lactoferrin to plastic compounds, (f) the source of the human lactoferrin used,
      and (g) the marrow cell separation methods used. None of these factors was shown
      to play a role in vitro in the activity of lactoferrin and thus no evidence was
      found for a significant role of lactoferrin in the regulation of human
      granulopoiesis.

PMID- 3879428
TI  - Direct hospital costs in coronary bypass surgery.
AB  - The direct hospital costs of 100 coronary artery bypass grafting operations are
      calculated. The basis of the calculations is the detailed, function-based, market
      priced analysis of the files, including the hospital deaths, complication and
      reoperations of this patient group. The price of a CABG operation proved to lie
      somewhere between FIM 30,000 and 50,000, the mean value being FIM 46,800. The
      variation range is wide: FIM 18,200-FIM 249,500 (SD +/- FIM 26,000). It must be
      emphasized, however, that all preoperative hospital costs including coronary
      angiography costs and also postoperative follow-up hospital costs fall beyond
      this study.

PMID- 3879429
TI  - [Recombination between the fragile site Xq27 and the gene for coagulation factor
      IX].
AB  - Using the Taq I restriction polymorphism of a factor IX probe, we analysed the
      segregation of this gene and that of the fragile site Xq27. The ancestor of this
      family was a healthy carrier male. Of twelve informative meioses, at least four
      recombinations were detected. The hypothesis of a particular instability of the
      distal part the long arm of the X chromosome is reconsidered.

PMID- 3879430
TI  - Consistent deficiencies of chromosome 18 and of the short arm of chromosome 17 in
      eleven cases of human large bowel cancer: a possible recessive determinism.
AB  - Cytogenetic study of 11 cases of colorectal carcinoma was performed after R
      banding. In all instances, there was a rearrangement involving chromosome 17 in
      its juxtacentromeric region, leading to the loss of its short arm. There was also
      a relative lack of chromosome 18, unrelated to a rearrangement of this chromosome
      in all but one case. Other anomalies, involving chromosomes 1 and 8 among others,
      were frequently but not systematically observed. The consistent lack of
      chromosome 18 and of the short arm of chromosome 17, leading to a complete or
      partial monosomy of these chromosomes in near diploid cells suggests that the
      passage to the hemizygous status of recessive genes carried by these chromosomes
      may play an important role in the development of colorectal carcinoma.

PMID- 3879431
TI  - Aberrations of the synaptonemal complexes in a male 46,XY,-14,+der(14)t(Y;14).
AB  - An unbalanced translocation 46,XY,-14,+der(14)t(Y;14)(q11;p11) was observed in an
      azoospermic male, with reduced spermatogenesis and absent spermiogenesis. At the
      pachytene stage of spermatocyte 1, the segments of the 2 Y chromosomes,
      fluorescent with quinacrine mustard, were always found close together. This
      proximity was also demonstrated by the study of synaptonemal complexes, which
      showed, in addition, an unusual hypercondensation of the proximal segment of
      bivalent 14, adjacent to the translocated Y chromosome. This allows us to propose
      that this hypercondensation might correspond to an inactivation of the
      translocated autosome, which could be responsible of the degeneration of the germ
      cells.

PMID- 3879432
TI  - Translocation (X;13)(p11.21;q12.3) in a girl with incontinentia pigmenti and
      bilateral retinoblastoma.
AB  - A de novo t(X;13)(p11.21;q12.3) translocation is described in an 19-month-old
      girl with incontinentia pigmenti (IP) and bilateral retinoblastoma. Based on
      previously reported two girls and this patient, each with a structural X
      chromosome abnormality and IP, it was assumed that the locus for IP is at
      Xp11.21. Q-banding analysis revealed that the translocated chromosomes were of
      paternal origin. The derivative X chromosome was late-replicating in 9% of
      cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes and in 1% of skin fibroblasts. The
      erythrocyte esterase D activity in the patient was normal. Several possibilities
      were considered for possible causative relationship between the X/13
      translocation and the development of retinoblastoma. One possibility involved
      functional monosomy of 13q14 in a minority of retinoblasts due to the spreading
      of inactivation of the translocated X chromosome segment.

PMID- 3879433
TI  - The critical segment for the Langer-Giedion syndrome: 8q24.11----q24.12.
AB  - An 18-year-old intellectually normal male with characteristic features of the
      Langer-Giedion syndrome is reported. High resolution chromosome analysis showed a
      small deletion in the region of bands 8q24.11 and 8q24.12 in addition to an
      apparently balanced de novo translocation (2;9)(q21;q13). This finding provides
      additional information on the minimum deleted segment required to produce the
      Langer-Giedion syndrome and may indicate that deletions of this size or smaller
      are not necessarily associated with mental retardation.

PMID- 3879434
TI  - Interstitial deletion 1p as a result of a de novo reciprocal 1p;2p translocation.
AB  - A 5-month-old female patient with psychomotor retardation and minor dysmorphisms
      is described. Cytogenetic analysis using high-resolution banding technique
      revealed an interstitial deletion of the short arm of one chromosome 1 (p21---
      p22.2) resulting from a de novo translocation t(1;2)(p22;p25).

PMID- 3879435
TI  - Monosomy 20p due to a de novo del(20)(p12.2). Clinical and radiological
      delineation of the syndrome.
AB  - A 16 year-old boy with monosomy 20p was studied. The clinical and radiological
      data compared with those from the three previously reported cases, permit the
      delineation of a distinct syndrome of low birthweight, flat face, low nasal
      bridge, long philtrum, short neck, small overfolded ears, chest deformity,
      kyphoscoliosis, congenital heart defect, hypoplastic or absent ribs and
      rachischisis (butterfly-shaped vertebral bodies). The critical chromosome segment
      causing this syndrome is tentatively defined as 20p13.

PMID- 3879436
TI  - A case of de novo trisomy 12p syndrome.
AB  - We described a case of complete trisomy 12p syndrome (non-mosaic) originating de
      novo in a first born child to healthy 26 year old nonconsanguineous parents. The
      12p syndrome has been confirmed by clinical, cytogenetic and gene dosage studies.

PMID- 3879437
TI  - Schinzel acrocallosal syndrome: a variant example of the Greig syndrome?
AB  - A 5-month-old male is reported with clinical and radiological findings identical
      to those present in the Schinzel acrocallosal syndrome. The similarity with the
      Greig syndrome is discussed and the question is raised whether both syndromes are
      variant examples of the same autosomal dominant condition.

PMID- 3879438
TI  - 46,X,i(Xq)/47,XX,+13 mosaicism.
AB  - A 10-year-old girl with short stature and other features of Turner's syndrome was
      found to be a mosaic consisting of 46,X,i(Xq) and 47,XX,+13 cell lines, a
      hitherto undescribed situation. She had none of the clinical features of trisomy
      13 syndrome, with a possible exception of postaxial polydactyly of the left foot.
      Her PHA-stimulated blood lymphocytes and EB virus-transformed B lymphocytes both
      revealed the Xi(Xq)/XX,+13 mosaicism, while her skin fibroblasts showed an
      exclusively 46,X,i(Xq) karyotype. Studies using Q-and R-banding heteromorphisms
      as markers indicated that the patient started as a 13 trisomic zygote resulting
      from a maternal meiotic error, followed by the loss of chromosome 13 at an early
      mitotic division. C-banding analysis revealed two C banding blocks in the iso X
      chromosome, an indication that the chromosome was dicentric. BrdU-Hoechst-Giemsa
      analysis revealed that the iso X chromosome was late-replicating with both its
      arms either synchronously or asynchronously replicating. The iso X chromosome was
      thus designated as idic (Xq)(p11:p11). In view of the presence of the XX cell
      line, it was concluded that the patient started as an XX,+13 zygote, followed by
      two mitotic events, the loss of a chromosome 13 and the formation of the iso X
      chromosome, occurring either simultaneously or in succession.

PMID- 3879439
TI  - A male with two different familial autosomal fragile sites and a cytogenetically
      abnormal offspring.
AB  - During the course of routine prenatal cytogenetics, a male with 2 different
      autosomal fragile sites (FS) was detected. The FS were at 9p21 and 12q13 and his
      sister also had both fragile sites, inherited from an obligate carrier father. He
      was the father of a foetus with an abnormal chromosome complement
      46,XY/47,XY,+frag. The origin of the fragment could not be determined.

PMID- 3879440
TI  - Centric fission of chromosome 7 with 47,XX,del(7)(pter----cen::q21----qter)+cen
      fr karyotype in a mother and proximal 7q deletion in two malformed newborns.
AB  - In the present paper we report a characteristic pattern of external and internal
      malformations in two male siblings with proximal 7q interstitial deletion as the
      unbalanced product of a rearranged chromosome 7 in the mother with karyotype
      47,XX,del(7)(pter----cen::q21----qter),+fr. The interstitial 7q deletion in the
      mother included centromeric fission, break at 7q21 and preservation of the
      proximal q arm fragment.

PMID- 3879441
TI  - De novo interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome
      7:46,XY,del(7)(q23;q32).
AB  - A de novo interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7 is reported in a
      newborn boy. Our observation is compared with seven others deletions of the same
      bands. Clinical features showed the following: hypotonia, microcephalia,
      difficulty in swallowing, low-set dysplastic ears, an abnormal cry, upslanting
      and small palpebral fissures, and abnormalities of the hands and feet. Delayed
      mental and physical development is the general rule, and visceral malformations
      are uncommon. Our patient had genital abnormalities and a cardiac malformation.

PMID- 3879442
TI  - Trisomy 7p due to a mosaic normal/dir dup(7)(p13----p22). Syndrome delineation,
      critical segment assignment, and a comment on duplications.
AB  - A 4 4/12 year-old girl with a peculiar phenotype due to a 46,XX/46,XX, dir
      dup(7)(p1300----p2200) karyotype is described. The comparison with about ten
      similar cases permitted a better delineation of the 7p trisomy syndrome and the
      assignment of the band 7p21 as the critical one. Mechanisms for the origin of
      homogeneous and mosaic duplications, including one model based on a meiotic half
      chromatid duplication, are discussed.

PMID- 3879443
TI  - Increased Langerhans cells and related cells in mesenteric lymph nodes of DNCB
      sensitive mice.
AB  - We used electron microscopy to study mesenteric lymph nodes (LNs) of 2,4-dinitro
      1-chlorobenzene(DNCB)-sensitive mice. It was found that Langerhans cells (LCs)
      and cells containing Birbeck-granule-like structures (BgSs) increased in number
      only after challenge with DNCB. This increase reached a peak 4 h after challenge.
      LCs and BgS cells were only found in the paracortical area of LNs. There were no
      appreciable differences in the morphology of LCs, BgS cells, and interdigitating
      reticulum cells (IDCs), except for the presence or absence of Bgs or BgSs. No
      LCs, BgS cells, or IDCs were found in the marginal sinus of mesenteric LNs or in
      the surroundings of afferent blood vessels. These findings were in complete
      agreement with those obtained in our previous study of cutaneous LNs. From our
      findings and the results of previously published studies, we propose the
      following conclusions: first, LCs and BgS cells observed in mesenteric LNs are
      the product of the differentiation and maturation of precursor cells pre-existing
      in the paracortical area of LNs caused by DNCB stimulation. Second, the activated
      T lymphocyte to DNCB pre-exists in the paracortical area; thus, the DNCB used for
      challenge stimulates this T lymphocyte to release lymphokine, which then causes
      some precursor cells to differentiation into LCs and/or BgS cells. Finally,
      morphological findings suggest that precursor cells of LCs and BgS cells are
      probably IDCs.

PMID- 3879444
TI  - Butibufen enteric-coated vs non-enteric-coated microcapsules: pharmacokinetics
      and gastrointestinal blood loss effect relationships in healthy volunteers.

PMID- 3879445
TI  - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Kinshasa, Zaire: clinical and
      epidemiological observations].

PMID- 3879446
TI  - Incidence of calcification in the pineal gland, habenular commissure and choroid
      plexus of the lateral ventricle in Japanese.

PMID- 3879447
TI  - Ampicillin-resistance transferable in Haemophilus influenzae strains isolated
      from respiratory infections.

PMID- 3879448
TI  - Internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint. II. Use of bone scanning as
      an aid to diagnosis.

PMID- 3879449
TI  - Catecholaminergic and serotoninergic brain structures in European green frogs: an
      autoradiographical study.
AB  - Aminergic brain structures have been investigated by means of light microscopical
      autoradiography after injection of the tritiated catecholamines noradrenaline and
      dopamine and the indoleamine (or tryptamine) serotonin into the brain cavity of
      frogs of the Rana esculenta complex. These amines are fairly specifically taken
      up by catecholaminergic and serotoninergic neurons, respectively, which are
      located in structures like the catecholaminergic preoptic recess organ; the mixed
      catecholaminergic-serotoninergic paraventricular organ/nucleus infundibularis
      complex and nucleus reticularis mesencephali; the telencephalic septal and
      striatal areas and the tectum opticum, which contain many catecholaminergic axon
      terminals; the habenular area, which contains serotoninergic axon terminals. The
      autoradiographical data on the location and the nature of these aminergic brain
      structures agree well with the mainly fluorescence microscopical and
      immunocytochemical data from the literature. The autoradiographical detection
      method can be combined at the light and the electron microscopical level with
      other histological, histochemical, or immunohistochemical techniques in one and
      the same preparation, and the results of the different treatments may eventually
      be made visible simultaneously.

PMID- 3879450
TI  - Genetic factors influencing aneuploidy frequency.

PMID- 3879451
TI  - Simultaneous occurrence of diabetes mellitus and coeliac disease.
AB  - Subtotal villous atrophy in the proximal jejunum was observed in six patients
      affected by juvenile diabetes. Introduction of gluten free diet invariably led to
      clinical improvement, in the four patients in whom also rebiopsy was performed
      the jejunal mucosa exhibited improvement. In all cases gluten sensitive
      enteropathy was diagnosed after the onset of diabetes. Marked stunting in growth,
      strikingly labile carbohydrate tolerance, pronounced proneness to hypoglycaemia
      or development of Mauriac's syndrome were the symptoms pointing to coeliac
      disease. Protracted diarrhoea was seen only in two patients, pronounced
      deceleration in weight development occurred in none of the six children. In four
      patients out of six the presence of both HLA B8 and DR3 antigens was
      demonstrated, in a fifth patient only DR3 was present; this suggests a common
      genetic background of the simultaneous occurrence of the two disorders. Untreated
      coeliac disease aggravates preexisting diabetes. The importance of early
      recognition of latent coeliac disease is stressed.

PMID- 3879452
TI  - Characterization of cells with high alkaline phosphatase activity derived from
      human bone and marrow: preliminary assessment of their osteogenicity.
AB  - Confluent cellular layers are reproducibly obtained (from 21 of 24 specimens) by
      outgrowth from composite pieces of human trabecular bone and marrow. The cells
      resemble fibroblasts in terms of morphology, esterase profile, and production of
      collagen type 1. However, the cells displayed some osteoblastlike features. Both
      the primary outgrowths and passaged cultures had high alkaline phosphatase
      activities (37 nmols min-1 X microgram DNA-1) in the range displayed by embryonic
      osteoblastlike cells. The cellular alkaline phosphatase activity, which showed
      similarity to the bone isoenzyme on kinetic criteria, was stimulated by 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 but decreased by PTH (1-34). In addition, the cell
      preparations were shown to increase osteocalcin (bone Gla protein) production in
      response to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The osteogenic potential of the bone and
      marrow-derived cells has been assessed in an in vivo diffusion chamber assay in
      which congenitally athymic (nude) mice were used as hosts. None of the 25
      chambers examined showed evidence of osteogenesis, although the cells remained
      viable and fibroblastlike. The alkaline phosphatase activities decreased to less
      than 1% of the original, high in vitro values. The findings question the
      hypothesis that bone and marrow-derived cells are osteoblasts or osteoblastlike
      cells, rather than a mixture of cell lines of the bone and marrow stromal system.

PMID- 3879453
TI  - Serum bone Gla-protein compared to bone histomorphometry in endocrine diseases.

PMID- 3879454
TI  - Effect of sodium fluoride, calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D2 on trabecular bone
      balance and remodeling in osteoporotics.

PMID- 3879455
TI  - Distribution and sub-cellular localization of drug metabolizing enzymes in the
      skin.
AB  - The distribution and sub-cellular localization of cytochrome P-450-dependent mono
      oxygenase activity in the skin of adult hairless mice has been investigated using
      ethoxycoumarin, ethoxyresorufin and benzpyrene as substrates. Highest levels of
      mono-oxygenase activity per unit area of skin were found in the dermis, both
      before and after induction with benzanthracene. Subcellularly, mono-oxygenase
      activity was predominantly microsomal and, prior to induction, located entirely
      in the smooth microsomal fraction.

PMID- 3879456
TI  - Activation of protein kinase C modulates the expression of the T3/T cell antigen
      receptor complex on human T lymphocytes.
AB  - Activators of protein kinase C induced a rapid decrease (within 15 min) in the
      surface expression of the T3 antigen and T-lymphocyte antigen receptor (Ti) on
      HPB-ALL cells, and a concomitant phosphorylation of the T3 gamma and delta
      polypeptides; the gamma chain was more extensively phosphorylated than the delta
      chain. No phosphorylation of the T3 epsilon chain and the Ti alpha and beta
      polypeptides was detected. Evidence was obtained that the T3 gamma chain is
      phosphorylated only on serine residues.

PMID- 3879457
TI  - The central role of the antigen-specific receptor complex in triggering cytolytic
      activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

PMID- 3879458
TI  - Preparation and properties of FabIgG, a chimeric univalent antibody designed to
      attack tumour cells.
AB  - In order to promote the killing of tumour cells by antibody a derivative has been
      synthesized in which Fab'gamma from xenogeneic antibody is thioether-bonded to
      half-cystine on normal IgG of the species to be treated. The resulting entity,
      FabIgG, is obtained with about a 40% yield of the starting Fab'gamma. Being
      univalent it evades antigenic modulation. It activates complement efficiently, is
      minimally immunogenic, and appears to be catabolized at the slow rate
      characteristic of autologous IgG.

PMID- 3879459
TI  - Shear rate and orientation of erythrocytes in pulmonary microvessels of
      bullfrogs.
AB  - Wall shear rates in arterioles and capillaries in the surface of exposed bullfrog
      lung were estimated to be 436 and 975 sec-1, respectively, at the intra-lung
      pressure at which a maximum flow velocity was observed. These high shear rates
      will probably permit an orientation of erythrocytes in a high degree. An
      orientation of erythrocytes was confirmed at a wall shear rate smaller than 16
      sec-1 by means of a microscope connected with a video camera system. Erythrocytes
      kept their long axis along the direction of the overall blood flow, even when the
      blood flow transiently stopped flowing during the diastolic phase. The
      orientation of erythrocytes in such a high degree will be effective to reduce the
      blood flow resistance in pulmonary microvessels.

PMID- 3879460
TI  - Tension responses of frog skeletal muscle to ramp and step length changes.
AB  - Tension responses to ramp shortening of varying speed in whole muscle or single
      fibres from the plateau of an isometric tetanus, revealed at least two distinct
      phases. There was a fast initial drop in tension followed by a change of slope
      and a definite inflexion on the tension record. As the velocity of the imposed
      length change was increased, the inflexion point appeared at a lower tension.
      Similar inflexions were not observed during ramp releases to an elastic band or a
      segment of semitendinosus tendon. The tension records obtained with moderately
      fast ramp length changes to contracting muscle reflect the T1 and T2 phases of
      the tension transients.

PMID- 3879461
TI  - Coronary artery bypass surgery in elderly patients.
AB  - Seventy-five patients 65 years of age and older had coronary artery bypass
      surgery during 2 years at Scott and White Memorial Hospital with a 4 per cent
      mortality rate. An average of 3.1 grafts were placed and 5.1 units of blood were
      used during 13 days of postoperative hospitalization. Sixty-one patients were in
      New York Heart Association Class IV, 12 were in Class III, and 2 had other
      indications for coronary artery bypass. One year following surgery there were 60
      patients in Class I, 6 in Class II, 3 in Class III, and 1 in Class IV; 1 patient
      was dead, and 4 were lost to follow-up. Our conclusion is that coronary artery
      bypass grafting can be performed with an acceptable mortality rate in the elderly
      and that age alone should not be considered a contraindication to the operation.

PMID- 3879462
TI  - Colonic bleeding in the elderly.
AB  - In the elderly population bleeding from the colon is not unusual. In evaluating a
      patient with colonic bleeding, the rate of bleeding should be assessed, and the
      possibility of upper gastrointestinal and anorectal bleeding should be excluded.
      The most common cause of massive bleeding from the colon in the elderly patient
      is diverticulosis, and the next most common cause is angiodysplasia. A number of
      other less common causes of bleeding should be excluded when making the
      diagnosis. If angiography is employed and the bleeding site is identified,
      initial therapy can be started concurrently by either injecting a vasopressor
      drug intraarterially or by embolization. Failure to stop the bleeding leads to
      surgery as the next step. If the bleeding stops spontaneously, one can expect
      recurrence later; therefore an interval work-up is stressed to identify the
      anatomic area of suspected bleeding. Preoperative identification of the bleeding
      site is imperative so that a "blind resection" can be avoided.

PMID- 3879463
TI  - [Serum levels of SP1 in hypertension during pregnancy].

PMID- 3879464
TI  - The activity of cefbuperazone, a 7 alpha-methoxy 7 beta acyl ureido
      cephalosporin.
AB  - The activity of cefbuperazone, a 7 alpha-methoxy ureido cephalosporin, was
      determined against 726 clinical isolates. Ninety percent of Escherichia coli,
      Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter diversus, Proteus
      mirabilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Morganella morganii,
      Salmonella, and Shigella species were inhibited by less than or equal to 6.3
      micrograms/ml. Cefbuperazone was more active than cefamandole, cefoxitin and
      piperacillin against these species. Concentrations of 25 micrograms/ml of
      cefbuperazone were needed to inhibit Serratia marcescens and Providencia species,
      and 50% of Enterobacter cloacae had MICs greater than 25 micrograms/ml.
      Cefbuperazone was less active by 8 to 32-fold than cefotaxime or moxalactam
      against most Enterobacteriaceae. Cefbuperazone did not inhibit Acinetobacter or
      Pseudomonas species. Hemolytic streptococci were inhibited by 12.5 micrograms/ml
      and staphylococci by 25 micrograms/ml. Cefbuperazone had activity comparable to
      cefoxitin and moxalactam against Bacteroides fragilis with MIC90s of 6.3
      micrograms/ml. Cefbuperazone was not hydrolyzed by plasmid or chromosomal beta
      lactamases and was an inhibitor of the P99 E. cloacae beta-lactamase with an I50
      of 1 microgram/ml. It was a less effective inhibitor of the K. oxytoca K1 and E.
      coli TEM-1 beta-lactamases than was clavulanic acid. Cefbuperazone induced beta
      lactamases in P. aeruginosa and resistant E. cloacae. A permeability barrier in
      E. cloacae, C. freundii and P. aeruginosa is suggested by the potentiation of
      cefbuperazone's activity by EDTA.

PMID- 3879465
TI  - Improved evaluation of pulmonary disease with gallium-67 emission tomography.

PMID- 3879466
TI  - Primary aortoduodenal fistula without abdominal aortic aneurysm.

PMID- 3879467
TI  - Concomitant secretion of Schwangerschaftsprotein 1 and human chorionic
      gonadotrophin following conception.
AB  - Daily measurements of serum oestradiol, progesterone, Schwangerschaftsprotein 1
      (SP1) and hCG were made in 13 menstrual cycles during which conception occurred.
      The assays were continued until 21 d after ovulation. SP1 was detected in
      maternal blood 8-14 d after ovulation and hCG 9-13 d after ovulation. We conclude
      that these two proteins are secreted simultaneously but independently by the
      syncytiotrophoblast.

PMID- 3879468
TI  - A bacteriological study of the middle ear and upper respiratory tract in children
      with chronic secretory otitis media.
AB  - Middle ear effusions and swabs from the external auditory meatus, nasopharynx and
      anterior nares have been collected from 100 children with chronic secretory
      otitis media. Isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae
      were typed and in vitro sensitivities to commonly used antibiotics were
      determined for these species and Staphylococcus aureus. Positive middle ear
      cultures were obtained from 21 children (27 effusions). Haemophilus influenzae
      and S. pneumoniae were the commonest organisms isolated, both from the middle ear
      and upper respiratory tract. When one or other of these species was isolated from
      the middle ear, the same organism was generally found in the upper respiratory
      tract, but not in the ear canal. The serotypes isolated from the different sites
      were also the same. Type 19 was the commonest Pneumococcal serotype isolated,
      while type e was the commonest capsulated strain of H. influenzae. Thirty-six per
      cent of strains of H. influenzae were resistant to penicillin and 25% of those of
      S. pneumoniae were resistant to trimethaprim. Eighty-one per cent of isolates of
      S. aureus were penicillin resistant. There was no difference in the incidence of
      either S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae in the post nasal spaces of children who
      had had their adenoids removed and those who had not.

PMID- 3879469
TI  - Tea drinking, caries prevalence, and fluorosis among northern Israeli Arab youth.

PMID- 3879470
TI  - Survey of toothbrushing habits in smokers and nonsmokers.

PMID- 3879471
TI  - Effect of a 0.2% SnF2 mouthrinse on gingival tissues and associated microflora.

PMID- 3879472
TI  - A large dentigerous cyst in a child patient. The clinical implications.

PMID- 3879473
TI  - Enhanced thromboxane synthesis and vacuolization in human polymorphonuclear
      leucocytes induced by human lymphokine containing supernatants.
AB  - PMN's were cultivated in vitro and treated with supernatants obtained from
      mitogenic-induced lymphocytes of human tonsil. Cytoplasmic vacuolization
      increased with time and there was a lower number of neutrophilic clumps in the
      culture treated with a supernatant containing lymphotoxin. In addition, the PMN's
      released more thromboxane B2 which was inhibited by indomethacin. We conclude
      that the action of lymphotoxin on the target PMN's is not mediated by the
      production of thromboxane B2.

PMID- 3879474
TI  - Absence of cross-reaction between HLA B27 and yersinia enterocolitica or
      chlamydia trachomatis in reactive arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 3879475
TI  - Congenital factor XII deficiency: successful open heart surgery and
      anticoagulation.

PMID- 3879476
TI  - [Incidence of digestive hemorrhage of iatrogenic origin].

PMID- 3879477
TI  - [Preliminary evaluation of the electric stimulation of the spinal cord in the
      treatment of childhood cerebral palsy and meningomyelocele].

PMID- 3879478
TI  - [Study on the hereditary mode of lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 3879479
TI  - [Filling of bone defects with human fibrin concentrate in large jaw cysts].

PMID- 3879480
TI  - [Treatment of jaw cysts with the use of fibrin glue].

PMID- 3879481
TI  - The effects of food and of antacid on the single oral dose pharmacokinetics of
      tenoxicam.
AB  - A single oral dose (40 mg) of tenoxicam (Ro12-0068) was administered to six
      normal male volunteers pre- and post-prandially and to a further six volunteers
      with and without antacid to determine the effect of food and and of antacid on
      absorption. The rate of absorption was slower with post-prandial than with pre
      prandial administration, resulting in a significantly later time for peak plasma
      drug levels (4.1 h compared to 1.3 h). No effect was evident on the extent of
      absorption or other pharmacokinetic parameters. Similarly, the rate of absorption
      was significantly slower after concurrent antacid than without antacid (t1/2 0.47
      h compared to 0.18 h) resulting in a later peak time (4.7 h compared to 2.3 h)
      and significantly lower peak level (4.2 micrograms X ml-1 compared to 5.1
      micrograms X ml-1) of parent drug in plasma. Again, no effect was evident on the
      extent of absorption or other pharmacokinetic parameters. It is concluded that
      food and antacids both tend to reduce the rate of absorption of tenoxicam, but
      that the extent of absorption is essentially unchanged. The influence on the
      overall kinetic profile is relatively minor, and thus unlikely to affect the
      therapeutic response.

PMID- 3879482
TI  - [Haemophilus influenzae: biotype and sensitivity to antibiotics].

PMID- 3879483
TI  - [Infections and parasite infestations in the defenseless host].

PMID- 3879484
TI  - [Acute hepatitis in a man ingesting bepridil (Cordium)].

PMID- 3879486
TI  - Diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy by positron emission tomography.
AB  - Temporal lobe epilepsy was studied by the 11C-glucose method of positron emission
      tomography. The temporal lobe at the level 25 mm above the orbitomeatal line
      showed the amygdala, hippocampus and hippocampal gyrus medially, and the T1, T2
      and T3 neocortices laterally. The focus locations in these structures were
      divided into mesial, lateral and combined groups on the PECT images. This
      classification showed a close correlation between the clinical symptoms and the
      anatomical focus sites.

PMID- 3879485
TI  - The complete sequence of Bacillus phage phi 29 gene 16: a protein required for
      the genome encapsidation reaction.
AB  - We have sequenced the region of the Bacillus phage phi 29 genome that encodes
      gene 16, the gene product of which catalyzes the in vivo and in vitro genome
      encapsidation reaction. The identity of the coding frame was confirmed by
      sequencing a sus mutant, sus16(300). It is concluded that gene 16 encodes a 39
      kDal protein and is comprised of 331 amino acids. Only 30 bp separates gene 16
      from the last open reading frame of the right early region. Analysis of potential
      secondary structures in this region suggests that the same sequences may be
      involved in the termination of both the late and early transcripts.

PMID- 3879487
TI  - A quantitative, non-isotopic bioassay for interleukin 2.
AB  - A quantitative bioassay for IL2 is described in which an electronic particle
      counter is used to measure IL2-mediated proliferation of an IL2-dependent cell
      line. The assay requires no radioisotopes, is comparable to tritiated thymidine
      incorporation and can be completely performed in about 28 hours. It can also be
      used to measure inhibition of IL2-mediated proliferation.

PMID- 3879488
TI  - Ageing of the immune system and diseases.
AB  - Age-associated changes in immunity, which are manifested by a reduced immune
      response and a greater frequency of autoimmune events, are closely linked to the
      pathology of ageing. Further indications that this is so are the more marked
      changes in immunity indices in old subjects suffering from cardiovascular,
      nervous and bone and joint diseases; using other indices, however, such changes
      appear to be less pronounced. Ageing of the immune system is accompanied by
      suppression of cellular and humoral elements of older individuals, as
      demonstrated clearly by experiments involving heterochronic parabiosis and
      heterochronic transplantation of cells and organs (thymus, spleen and bone
      marrow). Our findings may suggest that changes in the immune system with ageing
      are not a consequence of loss or decreases in certain cells or substances;
      rather, they are due to active suppression of the regulation of cell
      differentiation and of cooperative interaction between various types of cells.
      Such effects may be of a systemic or local character and reflect the expression
      of the organism's ontogenetic programme. In turn, primary disturbances of the
      immune system can cause several of the secondary ageing phenomena, dominated by
      various forms of pathology.

PMID- 3879489
TI  - Syntheses and effects of a thymopoietin II fragment and its analogs on the
      impaired T-cell transformation in a patient with common variable
      immunodeficiency.
AB  - A tetradecapeptide, H-Arg-Lys-Asp-Val-Tyr-Val-Glu-Leu-Tyr-Leu-Gln-Ser-Leu-Thr-OH,
      corresponding to amino acids 32 to 45 of thymopoietin II and its six analogs by
      replacing the amino acid residue in position 37, was prepared. These peptides
      were synthesized using conventional synthesis in solution and were tested for
      their effect on impaired T-cell transformation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in the
      common variable immunodeficiency. The tetradecapeptide had increasing activity on
      the T-cell transformation by PHA. Among the tetradecapeptide analogs, several
      analogs in which Val37 was replaced by Leu or Phe exhibited potent activity which
      was more than that of the parent peptide fragment. On the other hand, replacement
      of Val37 by Pro, beta Ala, or sarcosine had no effect at concentrations as high
      as 3.5 X 10(-4) M. One analog whose Val37 was replaced by Gly showed activity one
      third that of the parent peptide fragment. On the basis of these results, the
      structure-activity relationship for the tetradecapeptide is discussed.

PMID- 3879490
TI  - Indication of aortocoronary by-pass for coronary arterial obstruction due to
      Kawasaki disease.
AB  - Six patients with coronary arterial lesions due to Kawasaki disease underwent
      aortocoronary by-pass grafting at our institute. Before surgery, all of them had
      been closely monitored for some years by means of selective coronary
      arteriography, thallium myocardial imaging, electrocardiography (treadmill and/or
      Holter), and two-dimensional echo cardiography. Based on this experience, we
      propose the following guidelines as an indication for aortocoronary by-pass in
      such patients. First, the following three conditions should be satisfied: 1) The
      progress of coronary arterial lesions has been documented by serial selective
      coronary arteriography; 2) redistribution to the perfusion defect has been
      detected on the delayed image in myocardial imaging; 3) no coronary arterial
      lesions distal to the graft site have been detected by coronary angiography. When
      these three conditions are satisfied, at least one of the following conditions
      must apply: 1) Localized stenosis in the left main trunk has progressed to
      critical stenosis; 2) there is occlusion of two or more vessels; 3) collateral
      vessels connecting to the peripheral portion of an occluded coronary artery arise
      from the peripheral part of a vessel with progressive localized stenosis; 4)
      progressive localized stenosis or critical stenosis has developed in the left
      anterior descending artery, in addition to significant stenosis in the right
      coronary artery.

PMID- 3879491
TI  - Thermocardiography in the ischemic heart.

PMID- 3879492
TI  - [Evaluation of left ventricular function by atrial pacing after coronary artery
      bypass grafting--a proposal for an index of revascularization to correlate
      angiographic and hemodynamic findings].

PMID- 3879493
TI  - [A case of prosthetic valve endocarditis successfully treated by translocation of
      the aortic valve].

PMID- 3879494
TI  - [Immunohistological studies of the skin at the injection site of cases receiving
      the streptococcal agent OK-432].

PMID- 3879495
TI  - [Brain atrophy during aging--a quantitative study with X-ray computerized
      tomography (X-CT), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR-CT) and positron emission
      tomography (PET)].

PMID- 3879496
TI  - [An autopsy case of malignant lymphoma with sudden death due to obstruction of
      the pulmonary valve by the tumor mass in the right ventricular septum].

PMID- 3879497
TI  - Disseminated histiocytosis X complicated by diffuse erythrophagocytosis: report
      of two cases.
AB  - Two children with the clinical and histopathological features of disseminated
      histiocytosis X became refractory to chemotherapy and a diffuse erythrophagocytic
      process developed. No cause of the erythrophagocytosis could be found.
      Pancytopenia and marked erythrophagocytosis persisted until death ensued. The
      relationship of this disorder to familial erythrophagocytosis is discussed.

PMID- 3879499
TI  - [Sheehan's syndrome complicated with hyponatremia--a case report].

PMID- 3879498
TI  - Reference interval for serum alpha-amylase determined with p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D
      maltoheptaoside as a substrate.
AB  - The reference interval for the catalytic concentration of alpha-amylase (EC
      3.2.1.1) in serum was determined in 326 blood donors. The analytic method used p
      nitrophenyl-alpha-D-maltoheptaoside as substrate, which allows a continuous
      colorimetric measurement at 37 degrees C of the catalytic concentration of alpha
      amylase in serum. The limits obtained were 0.7-3.8 mukat/l (42-228 U/l), which
      were in agreement with the only previous report found.

PMID- 3879500
TI  - [Acute negative chronotropic effect of L-thyroxine on the everted sinus-atrium
      preparation of the bullfrog].
AB  - An application of L-thyroxine (T4) to bullfrog everted sinus-atrium preparations
      showed an acute negative chronotropic effect instead of a positive one in the
      chronic phase. The acute effect was dose dependent (7-70 microM) and the maximal
      negative chronotropic effect (about + 20% interval prolongation) was observed at
      40 microM T4. The acute T4 effect on the cardiac interval consisted of two
      stages: an initial peak (about 5 min) accompanied by a transient increase in
      contractility, and a delayed peak (about 50 min) accompanied by a decrease in
      contractility to the control level. Pretreatment with TEA (15 mM) suppressed the
      initial T4 effect on the cardiac interval but enhanced the delayed one. In
      contrast the metabolic inhibitors NaCN (0.5 mM) or DNP (10 microM) abolished the
      delayed T4 effect while the initial one remained. Furthermore, pretreatment with
      Cd2+ (10 microM) suppressed antagonistically the initial T4 effect and inhibited
      the delayed one. These results suggest that the initial effects of T4 were
      accompanied by a transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ and the delayed effects
      of T4 were accompanied by acceleration of intracellular metabolism.

PMID- 3879501
TI  - The strong association of HLA-DR4 with spherical mesangial dense deposits in IgA
      nephropathy.
AB  - 41 Japanese patients with primary IgA nephropathy (IgA GN) were determined for
      HLA-A, -B, -C and -DR antigens. The frequency of HLA-DR4 increased slightly in
      total patients compared with 63 normal control persons, but this increase was not
      statistically significant. However, 24 patients with spherical mesangial dense
      deposits (SMDD) in electron micrograph out of 41 patients with IgA GN were found
      to have markedly increased incidence of HLA-DR4 (chi 2 = 11.52, Relative risk =
      6.45, Corrected p less than 0.03). In contrast to this finding, 17 patients
      without SMDD had no association with any particular HLA antigens. These results
      suggest that IgA GN might be subdivided by the association of HLA and electron
      microscopic findings into at least 2 types.

PMID- 3879502
TI  - The role of interleukins in viral inhibition of lymphocyte mitogenesis.
AB  - Several different types of retroviruses have been shown to inhibit the lectin
      driven blastogenesis of co-incubated mouse spleen cells. This abrogation of
      responsiveness is infection-independent, and can be obtained using live as well
      as UV-inactivated virus particles. Levels of both interleukin-1 (IL-1) and T-cell
      growth factor (TCGF) activities are greatly reduced in cultures of virus co
      incubated cells. However, the inclusion of indomethacin in the culture medium,
      together with virus, enables responsiveness to Concanavalin A to occur at
      moderately efficient levels. The addition of exogenous IL-1 activity to virus co
      incubated cells is also partially restorative to Con A-driven lymphocyte
      responsiveness, while at the same time restoring levels of detectable TCGF
      activity to near-control levels. Finally, the inclusion of exogenous TCGF
      activity also leads to efficient lymphocyte mitogenesis but does not result in
      increased levels of IL-1.

PMID- 3879503
TI  - Cytotoxic reactivity of human natural killer (NK) cells during normal pregnancy:
      a longitudinal study.
AB  - A longitudinal analysis of natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity of
      maternal peripheral blood lymphocytes was carried out at various stages (16-36
      weeks) of normal human pregnancy, within 1 week following delivery and up to 40
      weeks post-partum. NK cell-mediated lysis of K562 target cells (TC) in short term
      51Cr-release assays was significantly depressed throughout pregnancy, returning
      to control levels 9-40 weeks post-partum. Natural cytotoxicity of unseparated
      maternal peripheral blood was also substantially depressed at all stages of
      pregnancy and, in addition, remained impaired in the late post-partum period.
      Longitudinal enumeration of Leu 3a+ and Leu 2a+ lymphocytes indicated an absence
      of helper/suppressor T-cell imbalance during pregnancy, and analysis of Leu 7+
      cells showed no difference in population sizes between control and pregnancy
      groups. Comparison of blood and lymphocyte cytotoxicity in control and pregnancy
      samples suggested a complex regulation of NK reactivity during pregnancy. The
      potential role in vivo of both plasma-associated and cellular regulatory elements
      is discussed.

PMID- 3879504
TI  - Further studies on the influence of interferon on pokeweed mitogen induced Ig
      synthesis in vitro.
AB  - Preincubation with pure interferon beta, but not partially purified interferon
      alpha, increased immunoglobulin production from non-fractionated peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells stimulated by pokeweed mitogen. Preincubation of B lymphocytes,
      but not T lymphocytes or monocytes, with pure interferon beta also increased
      immunoglobulin synthesis. It is concluded that interferon has a direct effect on
      B lymphocytes in enhancing immunoglobulin production.

PMID- 3879505
TI  - Improved assay for total hemolytic complement.
AB  - Analysis of human serum for total hemolytic complement (CH50) is useful in
      following the course of patients who have diseases such as lupus nephritis or
      hypocomplementemic glomerulonephritis. A semi-automated system has been devised
      that facilitates test performance and reduces cost. An Autoprep dilutor is driven
      by an Apple IIe microprocessor. Samples are picked up, diluted with buffer, and
      added to a 96-well flat-bottom Linbro plate in a final volume of 100 microliters.
      Sensitized sheep RBC (100 microliters) are then added to each well. The plate is
      incubated at 37 degrees C for 90 min, agitated on a shaker, and then read by a
      Dynatech MR600 plate reader at 630 nm. The microprocessor converts the reading to
      percentage hemolysis by utilizing both a buffer blank and a complete hemolysis
      blank (saponin); these values are applied to the von Krogh equation to yield a
      CH50 value. Values obtained for normal human serum samples correlate well with
      those from an established semi-automated method (Technicon) in use in our
      laboratory.

PMID- 3879506
TI  - Engaging the families of substance abusing adolescents in family therapy.
AB  - This article discusses three major topics: First, the family processes one
      typically finds in families with a substance abusing adolescent are described.
      These processes include pseudo-separation and defensive delineation. A case
      vignette is used to illustrate these processes. Second, an overview of the
      importance of family therapy in treating substance abusing adolescents is
      provided. Third, specific principals and techniques for involving families in
      family therapy are described. This area includes a discussion of such topics as
      using the initial telephone contact to join with and involve the family, and
      suggestions for handling some typical problems which the therapist may encounter
      in the initial interview. These problems or resistances must be handled
      sensitively if the family is to remain in treatment. This is an important area
      since involving the families of substance abusing adolescents in treatment can be
      quite difficult and there is little practical literature available.

PMID- 3879507
TI  - T cell subsets in rheumatic heart disease.

PMID- 3879508
TI  - [A case of solitary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma].

PMID- 3879509
TI  - [Reverse redistribution in the patient with aorto-coronary bypass surgery by the
      stress thallium scan].

PMID- 3879510
TI  - [Energy spectrum of Xe-133 and the effect of window level setting on the
      performance of the ring-type SPECT].

PMID- 3879511
TI  - [Clinical experience with N-isopropyl-p-[123I] iodoamphetamine in cerebrovascular
      disease].

PMID- 3879512
TI  - [Quantification of the right ventricular wall using stress myocardial emission
      computed tomography with thallium-201 in normal subjects].

PMID- 3879513
TI  - [Daily and weekly fluctuation of sensitivity in clinical PET system].

PMID- 3879514
TI  - Portal arteriovenous fistula following partial gastrectomy.
AB  - An emergency transthoracic transection of the esophagus was performed on a 62
      year old man for hematemesis caused by rupture of esophageal varices. Hepatic
      functional reserve of this patient was classified as Child C. Postoperative
      celiac arteriography revealed an arteriovenous fistula between a branch of the
      gastroduodenal artery and a branch of the superior mesenteric vein. He had
      undergone a partial gastrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction 15 years earlier.
      Bleeding from the esophageal varices did not recur, but he subsequently died of
      liver failure. In some areas of the liver the microscopic changes were similar to
      those occurring in cirrhosis, but in most areas they resembled those seen in
      congestive liver fibrosis. This case suggested that portal arteriovenous fistula
      is an important predisposing cause leading to deterioration of liver function.

PMID- 3879515
TI  - [Mammography--methyl-phenyl-tetrahydropyridine].

PMID- 3879516
TI  - [Development of corneal changes in patients treated with cordarone (amiodarone)].

PMID- 3879517
TI  - [Congenital lens dislocations in children].

PMID- 3879518
TI  - [Sterilization of impression tonometers using a sterilization ring. Virological
      studies].

PMID- 3879519
TI  - [Recurrent defects of the corneal epithelium].

PMID- 3879520
TI  - Rupture of a submucosal artery of the small intestine--two case reports.

PMID- 3879521
TI  - The newer antimicrobials.

PMID- 3879522
TI  - In vitro effects of betamethasone, adrenaline and noradrenaline on normal human T
      lymphocyte rosettes.

PMID- 3879523
TI  - [Transmembrane model of the activation of B lymphocytes].

PMID- 3879524
TI  - Correction factors for the diphenylamine test for deoxyribonucleic acid in
      yeasts.
AB  - The diphenylamine assay for DNA content of yeast is unsatisfactory due to the
      presence of a yeast component which inhibits the colour reaction. The inhibitor
      is found in a wide range of yeast species and has not been identified. The
      relationships between the degree of inhibition and cell concentration,
      temperature and time of hydrolysis and extraction have been described. A formula
      for correction of the inhibition has been derived.

PMID- 3879525
TI  - Client controlled pain relief during childbirth.

PMID- 3879526
TI  - A stimulating experience. Case study.

PMID- 3879527
TI  - [Selective IgA deficiency in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and
      rheumatoid arthritis].
AB  - In this study, antinuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF) studied and IgA
      was determined with single radial immunodiffusion (RID) technic in the sera of 96
      patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 25 with rheumatoid arthritis and 100
      normal individuals. In normal control group, the average level of IgA was found
      to be 212 mg/dl. In one patient (1: 100), IgA deficiency was detected with a
      level of 2.1 mg/dl, the average level of IgA in 96 patients with SLE was 320 +/-
      16.25 mg/dl. In 3 patients of this group IgA deficiency was observed. According
      to this finding, the prevalence of IgA deficiency in the group of SLE ise 1: 32.
      This prevalence is higher than that of the normal population. The average level
      of IgA in 25 patients with RA 302.66 +/- 36.57 mg/dl. In this group we observed
      IgA deficiency only in one patient which means a prevalence of 1: 25, that is
      higher than the normal group. Reports indicate that the incidence of IgA
      deficiency in general populations may vary from 1: 400 up to 1: 3080. But in
      patients with SLE and RA, this may be encountered more frequently as we observed
      in our cases.

PMID- 3879528
TI  - The inhibition capacity of concanavalin A on monomeric and polymeric hemolytic
      antibodies.
AB  - The ability of concanavalin A (Con A) to inhibit the complement consumption by
      sheep erythrocytes coated with IgG, (IgG2-SpA1)2 complex and IgM anti-Forssman
      antibodies was studied. The (IgG2-SpA1)2 anti-Forssman antibody complex showed an
      increased hemolytic activity compared to uncomplexed IgG antibody. Con A in the
      presence of the (IgG2-SpA1)2 complex or the IgM antibody exhibited a high
      inhibitory capacity. An inhibitory capacity of Con A on IgG antibody hemolytic
      activity was also proved but at a Con A:IgG antibody concn ratio about 10 times
      higher than that for the Con A-IgM antibody system. A time dependence of Con A
      inhibitory capacity was determined, thus explaining the variable behaviour of the
      IgG antibody in the inhibition experiments. Radioactivity experiments
      demonstrated that only half of the Con A interacted with the (IgG2-SpA1)2 complex
      compared to the amount of Con A which interacted with IgG uncomplexed antibody.

PMID- 3879529
TI  - Differences between intra- and extracellular interleukin-1.
AB  - The intracellular (IC) and extracellular (EC) pools of interleukin 1 (IL-1) of
      human monocyte cultures were found to differ in their molecular size and charge
      characteristics. EC activity was found by Sephadex G-75 chromatography to consist
      mainly of a single peak in the 15,000-17,000 mol. wt range. In contrast, IC
      activity was distributed in four peaks (mol. wts of approx. 15,000, 26,000,
      45,000 and greater than 70,000). Treatment of a pool of the IC 26,000, 45,000 and
      greater than 70,000 mol. wt species with CHAPS, a zwitterionic detergent, yielded
      a large amount of the 15,000 mol. wt species, thus suggesting that a portion of
      the larger species consists of aggregates of the 15,000 mol. wt molecule. Both IL
      1 pools were found by isoelectrofocusing to be composed of three molecular
      species with pIs of 5.5, 6.7. However, the proportions of these species differed
      markedly between the EC and IC pools. The large majority of IC activity
      (approximately 90%) was found at pI 5.5, while 55-60% of EC activity had a pI of
      6.7 and 35-40% had a pI of 5.5. The differences in their biophysical properties
      support the notion that the IC and EC pools of IL-1 also differ in their
      functions.

PMID- 3879530
TI  - Binding of monoclonal anti-native DNA autoantibodies to DNA of varying size and
      conformation.
AB  - A microchemical assay for phosphorus was applied to the measurement of DNA in
      immune complexes formed with monoclonal or serum anti-DNA autoantibodies and DNA
      of varying size and conformation. Two monoclonal antibodies were produced by
      hybridomas derived from spleen cells of autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr mice and were
      purified from culture fluid by affinity chromatography on columns of goat anti
      mouse Ig-Sepharose. Double-helical DNA fragments were prepared by brief digestion
      of calf thymus DNA with micrococcal and S1 nucleases and fractionation on
      Sepharose 4B; their double-stranded structures was confirmed by measurement of
      thermal denaturation. Immune complexes were formed with monoclonal or serum
      antibodies and native DNA or DNA fragments or denatured DNA; the complexes were
      precipitated with goat anti-mouse IgG and washed, and DNA phosphorus content of
      the precipitates was measured. With one monoclonal autoantibody (H241), there
      were discontinuous increases in the amount of DNA that could be bound (and
      decreases in the antigen concn required for half-maximal binding) as the DNA size
      increased. There were especially marked increases in binding efficiency as
      fragment size increased from an average of 100 (range 85-105) to an average of
      150 (range 105-170) base pairs, and again between 450 (range 360-620) and 600
      (range 425-825) base pairs. A second monoclonal antibody (H143) did not show
      significant variation in binding with DNA fragments larger than 300 base pairs.
      With smaller fragments, the amount of DNA bound by H143 was reduced, but the DNA
      concn required for half-maximal binding was not. Affinities of these monoclonal
      antibodies were within the spectrum of human systemic lupus erythematosus serum
      IgG anti-DNA autoantibodies. The dependence of binding on mol. wt is important in
      the evaluation of these monoclonal antibodies as biochemical reagents and as
      potential participants in formation of immune complexes in vivo.

PMID- 3879531
TI  - [Peroperative auditory evoked potentials in surgery of the posterior fossa].
AB  - Intraoperative brainstem audiometry electric responses were measured in 22
      operations of the posterior fossa, including 11 acoustic neurinomas. The first
      observation shows the recordings obtained during the exeresis of a voluminous
      tumor of the cerebellopontine angle and wave V disappearance for 90 minutes. At
      the end of the operation we noted a better plotting synchronization and the wave
      V form reappeared. The wave preservation was confirmed by an electrocochleography
      carried out few days after intervention. The second observation enables the
      visualization of modifications on ipsi- and contralateral plottings of the
      cerebellum retraction and brainstem mobilization during a cerebellum
      medulloblastoma operation. The third observation shows the immediate and
      considerable extension of wave V latency during mobilization of the antero
      inferior cerebellar artery during an acoustic neurinoma operation. The authors
      discuss the various operative times leading to significant variations in the
      latency of waves I, V and I-V delays and the advantages of such a monitoring for
      the brainstem vital functions and hearing preservation.

PMID- 3879533
TI  - Liver volume and uptake assessment using 123I-BSP tomography.
AB  - Liver volume and parenchymal cell uptake of 123I-bromosulphthalein (BSP) has been
      assessed using the technique of single photon emission tomography (SPET). These
      results have been compared with a clinical scoring of disease severity and also
      with results for liver volume and tomographically assessed uptake of 99Tcm
      sulphur colloid (SC). Comparisons of volume estimation, geometric mean (GM)
      uptake curves and a distribution index derived by a mapping technique with both
      radiopharmaceuticals, show that 123I-BSP tomography is feasible. A short
      acquisition time is required in order to obtain tomographic information before
      there is significant biliary excretion. There was a significant difference
      between the mean percentage uptake of 123I-BSP in the three groups of liver
      disease severity (P less than 0.002). This technique merits further evaluation in
      the study of the assessment of functional liver impairment.

PMID- 3879532
TI  - [Correlated monitoring of the intracranial pressure of cerebral deficit (with
      113Xe) and of amphetamine cerebral tomogammography in active hydrocephalus in the
      newborn infant].

PMID- 3879534
TI  - The use of a vasoconstrictor to improve tumour blood flow in intra-arterial
      chemotherapy: preliminary report.
AB  - The effectiveness of intra-arterial chemotherapy is dependent on a high tumour to
      normal blood flow ratio (T/NT). This report demonstrates the use of a
      vasoconstrictor (NE) to improve the relative blood flow to head and neck tumours
      by causing vasoconstriction and decreased blood flow to normal soft tissue. Five
      quantitative planar Tc-MAA perfusion studies were performed on three patients
      with increasing dose rates of norepinephrine (NE) to determine the optimal dose
      in each patient that would produce the best T/NT. All patients demonstrated a
      change in perfusion pattern with increasing dose rates (0.1 to 15 micrograms min
      1), although there was considerable variation between patients. Quantitative
      SPECT was performed on two patients. In one, there was a 35% increase in the T/NT
      and a 16% decrease in arteriovenous (A-V) shunting to the lung.

PMID- 3879536
TI  - [Effect of tobacco smoke on pH, serum antiprotease capacity and trypsin activity
      in vitro studies].

PMID- 3879535
TI  - Effects of sauvagine, urotensin I and CRF on food intake in rats.
AB  - Sauvagine (SV) is a forty amino acid peptide, isolated from the skin of the South
      American frog Phyllomedusa sauvagei and structurally related to fish Urotensin I
      (U1) and to mammalian corticotropin releasing factor (CRF).
      Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of SV (0.3-2.0 micrograms/rat), CRF (1.0
      15.0 micrograms/rat) and U1 (0.5-2.0 micrograms/rat) inhibited feeding in 18 hr
      food deprived rats. By subcutaneous (SC) route, only SV (3.0-10.0 micrograms/kg)
      and U1 (10.0-20.0 micrograms/kg) exhibited anorexogenic effects, CRF being
      completely inactive up to a dose of 200 micrograms/kg. Vagotomy did not prevent
      the feeding inhibition by SC SV. In ICV injected rats, CRF increased grooming in
      comparison with both food deprived and satiated controls, while SV and U1
      increased grooming only in comparison with fasted controls. Compared to satiated
      animals, food deprived rats when injected ICV with anorexogenic doses of the
      peptides showed decreased resting and increased moving. Rats given SC injections
      of SV and U1 significantly decreased grooming in comparison with both food
      deprived and satiated controls, while increased resting only in comparison with
      fasted controls. CRF by the SC route did not affect the behaviour of the rat.

PMID- 3879538
TI  - [Psychoorganic syndromes in patients with symmetrical cerebral atrophy on
      computerized tomography].

PMID- 3879537
TI  - Synthesis of 3-(4,4-dimethyl-2-piperidon-6-yl)methyl-2-pyrazoline derivatives.
AB  - The results of studies of condensation of 1-(4,4-dimethyl-2-piperidon-6-yl)-4
      phenyl-3-buten-2-one and its derivatives substituted in the benzene ring (R = 4
      CH3 and R = 4-Cl) with hydrazine and its methyl or phenyl derivative are
      described. Compounds 2a, 2c and 2g were tested for their possible action on the
      central nervous system. Two drugs: 2c and 2g decreased locomotor activity. None
      of the examined compounds inhibited the reserpine-induced hypothermia, 5-HT
      syndrome and convulsions induced by pentetrazole in mice. Compound 2c injected
      only intraperitoneally depressed the number of the writhing episodes induced by p
      phenylbenzoquinone.

PMID- 3879539
TI  - [Study of cerebral blood flow, positron emission tomography and nuclear magnetic
      resonance--advances in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disorders with
      psychiatric symptoms].

PMID- 3879540
TI  - [Quantitative evaluation of T and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of
      patients with psoriasis].

PMID- 3879541
TI  - [Computerized tomography and scintigraphy in the evaluation of osteoid osteoma].
AB  - The authors report their experience of bone scintigraphy and computed tomography
      in 19 patients, with suspected osteoid osteomas, who underwent surgery. Basing on
      surgical findings, the role of these techniques in diagnosis, surgical planning
      and follow-up of osteoid osteoma is stressed and the results are compared with
      those of conventional radiography.

PMID- 3879542
TI  - [The syndrome of solitary rectal ulcer. Problems of radiologic diagnosis].
AB  - The authors review 7 cases of syndrome of the solitary ulcer of the rectum,
      examined with barium enema. The radiological signs of this syndrome, rarely
      described in literature, are compared with those observed in this series.

PMID- 3879543
TI  - [Magnesium sulfate in the inhibition of premature labor].

PMID- 3879544
TI  - [Value of the rapid suppression test with dexamethasone in the diagnosis of
      patients suspected of having Cushing's syndrome].

PMID- 3879545
TI  - [Results of the surgical treatment of non-correctable bile duct atresias].

PMID- 3879546
TI  - [Current aspects of the epidemiological surveillance of yellow fever].

PMID- 3879547
TI  - [Physicians and nuclear war].

PMID- 3879548
TI  - [A syndrome related to AIDS in a carrier of homozygous beta-thalassemia (Cooley's
      anemia)].

PMID- 3879549
TI  - [Determinants of health in nurses].
AB  - A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 1980 among 824 nurses in 10 hospitals
      on the occasion of the annual checkups. The purpose was to describe the
      relationship between demographic and occupational characteristics and health,
      stressing the effects of work in shifts. Using Khi-2 tests and logistic models,
      the negative health effects of arduous shift work appear to be less than
      expected. This could be a result of the high turnover in the profession, which is
      characterized by a low average age and a short occupational lifetime.

PMID- 3879551
TI  - [Current status of diaphragm pacing in Japan].

PMID- 3879550
TI  - [Incidence of ciliary beats in nasal cells obtained from smears. Study of 40
      patients of whom 28 were children with respiratory pathology].
AB  - Disturbance of ciliary function are considered as a significant factor in the
      outcome of chronic respiratory afflictions. Thanks to a simple method of
      stroboscopic lighting, the ciliary beat frequency was studied on 40 nasal mucus
      smears obtained by swabbing in 28 children and 12 adults with chronic respiratory
      failure or recurrent disease. The 28 children were divided into three groups:
      group A (n = 10), pulmonary disease (broncho-pneumonia); group B (n = 3),
      Kartagener syndrome; group C (n = 15) pure otorhinolaryngological (ORL) disease
      (rhino-opharyngitis, sinusitis, otitis). Twelve adults with chronic ORL pathology
      (vaso-motor rhinitis) made up group D. A cytological control was carried out on
      each smear and showed the presence of ciliated cells in 92.5% of samples. In
      three group B cases (Kartagener's syndrome) no ciliary movement was observed. The
      results in groups A (9.3 +/- 1.46 Hz) and C (8.98 +/- 2.23 Hz) show that the
      level of respiratory infection (pulmonary or ORL) did not influence the ciliary
      beat frequency (p greater than 0.05). On the other hand, there was a significant
      difference (p less than 0.001) between the beat frequency in the group of
      children in group A (9.3 +/- 1.46 Hz) and C (8.98 +/- 2.23 Hz) and those of
      adults in group D (11.32 +/- 1.89 Hz). Two hypotheses might explain these facts:
      The existence of a differing physiological response in children and adults.
      Different mechanisms during chronic ORL infections in adults (vasomotor
      phenomena) and in the child (bacterial infection). The average frequencies
      measured were comparable to those previously published in human respiratory cilia
      using other methods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3879552
TI  - [Histological study of the microangioarchitectonics of the bone tissue at the
      level of a pseudarthrosis and of callus unstimulated and electrically
      stimulated].

PMID- 3879553
TI  - [Serological markers for hepatitis B and alpha 1-antitrypsin in Indians of the
      Mekranhotire tribe].

PMID- 3879554
TI  - [Treatment of typhoid fever].

PMID- 3879555
TI  - [Angiodysplasias of the digestive tract].

PMID- 3879556
TI  - [Percutaneous microcompression of the gasserian ganglion. New treatment for
      trigeminal neuralgia].
AB  - The authors discuss on technique and results of percutaneous microcompression of
      the trigeminal ganglion in patients complaining trigeminal neuralgia.

PMID- 3879557
TI  - [Physiopathology of uveitis: the place of the dental examination].
AB  - The four main types of uveitis: anterior, posterior, intermediary and total, are
      related to principal major physiopathologic mechanisms: immunity disease with
      local production of antibodies; hypersensitivity disorder with persistence of
      sensitized cells in the eye. Etiologic agents of uveitis are far from being
      understood, continued knowledge of the mechanisms involved revealing their
      increasingly multifactorial nature. Detection of dental foci and their
      eradication are still necessary in 1985 for routine screening and treatment of
      uveitis.

PMID- 3879558
TI  - [Sudden infant death--results of a Berlin study].

PMID- 3879559
TI  - [Scintigraphy and computers].

PMID- 3879560
TI  - [T lymphocyte subpopulations in children after anti-cancer therapy and long-term
      remission].

PMID- 3879561
TI  - [Effects of macrophages and IL-2 on mitogen responses of thymocytes in NZB mice].

PMID- 3879562
TI  - [Preoperative administration of piroxicam capsules for post-extraction pain].

PMID- 3879563
TI  - Differential sensitivity of leukemic cells to growth inhibition by deoxyadenosine
      and deoxycoformycin.
AB  - Both established cell lines and human leukemic cells in circulating blood which
      were incubated in vitro with 2'-deoxyadenosine (AdR) plus adenosine deaminase
      inhibitor, 2'-deoxycoformycin (dCF), showed different metabolic responses
      depending upon the histologic and immunologic types of leukemia. The leukemic T
      cell lines in tissue culture were 200-fold more sensitive than B-cell lines to
      the toxic effect of deoxyadenosine. The increased sensitivity of T-cell lines to
      AdR plus dCF was associated with the accumulation of deoxyadenosine triphosphate
      (dATP) in the cells. In established cell lines, an inverse correlation was
      observed between ED 50 of AdR plus dCF and the relative increase of dATP levels
      in the cells after the incubation of the cells with AdR plus dCF. In circulating
      leukemic cells that had been incubated with AdR and dCF, dATP arose in all groups
      but the correlation was not found between the sensitivity of AdR and the relative
      dATP accumulation. The failure to find the correlation in patients's leukemic
      cells may be attributed to the heterogeneity of the response of the blasts to AdR
      and dCF.

PMID- 3879564
TI  - The clinical findings in Leber's hereditary optic neuroretinopathy. Leber's
      disease.
AB  - Leber's disease is a hereditary condition primarily affecting young men. The
      mechanism of inheritance is unknown. Increased tortuosity and capillary
      microangiopathy in the peripapillary capillary bed occur in varying degrees in
      asymptomatic persons in families with Leber's disease. These vascular
      abnormalities signify an increased risk of developing the acute form of the
      disease. Progressive microangiopathy is a threatening sign during the
      presymptomatic stage. In the acute and atrophic stages of Leber's disease
      striking neurovascular changes take place in the fundus of the eye involved. The
      ophthalmoscopic observations and nerve function studies in the asymptomatic,
      presymptomatic and acute stages suggest that Leber's disease starts as a vascular
      disease. The neuropathy appears later, around the time that vision begins to
      fail. Both eyes are involved but at varying intervals. At the end stage the
      patient has bilaterally finger counting vision and a large centrocecal scotoma
      caused by severe optic atrophy. Examinations of other persons in families with
      Leber's disease have shown that subclinical and mild forms of the disease also
      exist. Neurological signs and symptoms can occasionally occur. Cardiac
      abnormalities such as pre-excitation syndrome have been reported in Leber's
      disease. The aetiology and precipitating factors and effective treatment to
      prevent blindness in Leber's disease remain unsolved questions.

PMID- 3879565
TI  - [Use of electrodiagnosis and electrostimulation in the combined treatment of
      children with anal sphincter incompetence].
AB  - Results of the examination and treatment of 23 children with the incompetent
      sphincter ani were analyzed. The method of electrical excitation is recommended
      for exact determination of the degree of disturbance of the sphincter function.
      These data were used for the selection of methods of treatment. The application
      of electrostimulation in the pre- and post-operative period facilitated more
      rapid restoration of the obturator system of the rectum and sometimes allowed
      avoiding surgical interventions.

PMID- 3879566
TI  - The influence of antibiotics on the immune system. III. Investigations on the
      cellular functions of chicken leukocytes in vitro.
AB  - Tetracyclines are bacteriostatic antibiotics widely used in veterinary medicine.
      It is reported here that the tetracycline analogue oxytetracycline (OxyTC)
      interferes with the mitogenic response of chicken leukocytes. A dose-dependent
      suppression of lectin stimulation of peripheral blood and spleen leukocytes was
      observed. The kinetics of the DNA-synthetic activity were seriously affected. The
      antimicrobial agent does not seem to have any effect on interleukin 2 (IL-2)
      production, whereas the uptake of 3H-thymidine by IL-2-dependent T cell blasts
      was severely reduced. It is concluded that the T cell blast is the target for
      OxyTC.

PMID- 3879567
TI  - Porcine lymphoblastoid cell lines of B-cell origin.
AB  - Two lymphoblastoid cell lines were isolated from different pigs and were
      maintained in culture for over 100 passages or 20 months. These cell lines were
      characterized by their cell surface antigens, ability to stimulate a mixed
      lymphocyte reaction and production of immunoglobulin. When tested against a panel
      of monoclonal anti-cell surface antigen antibodies, only those monoclonal
      antibodies which detect porcine class I or II molecules reacted against the
      lymphoblastoid cell lines in a microcytotoxicity assay. The two pig cell lines
      could stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a mixed lymphocyte
      reaction. P-SC(1) and P-16(2) also demonstrated a dependency upon the presence of
      2-mercaptoethanol for cell division. The secretion of pig immunoglobulin by P
      SC(1) or P-16(2) was first demonstrated by ELISA using a polyclonal anti-swine
      IgG (heavy and light chain) serum. By the use of monoclonal anti-IgA, IgG or IgM
      antibodies in an enzyme-linked assay on Western blots of P-SC(1) or P-16(2)
      lysate/supernatant, the two cell lines were demonstrated to be producing a whole
      monomeric IgA molecule and a mu chain.

PMID- 3879568
TI  - Cone antagonism along visual pathways of red/green dichromats.
AB  - We have measured thresholds for bichromatic test-mixtures in red/green
      dichromats. Our results provide strong evidence for cone-antagonistic coding
      along the dichromats' detecting pathways. The threshold behavior of the isolated
      dichromatic pathways is consistent with that predicted by Opponent Colors Theory.
      We compare these threshold data with the dichromats' judgments of "blue/yellow"
      hue equilibria, which we obtained in supra-threshold color-cancellation
      experiments. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that both sets of
      data are mediated by the same dichromatic cone antagonistic pathway.

PMID- 3879569
TI  - Reculturing of cells from primary CFU-C colonies.
AB  - This study was aimed at investigating whether cells of CFU-C derived colonies
      could form secondary colonies. Bone marrow cultures of volumes of agar medium
      between 25 microliter and 75 microliter contained in glass capillaries were
      stimulated with mouse lung-conditioned medium (MLCM) containing
      granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Agar gels with
      colonies of up to greater than or equal to 20 were blown out into identical
      culture medium, completely dispersed on a whirl-mix to single cell suspensions,
      and used for establishing secondary agar cultures. In these secondary cultures
      considerable numbers of secondary granulocytic, mixed granulocytic/macrophage and
      macrophage colonies as well as numerous clusters arose. In contrast, when single
      colonies were recultured, only few secondary cell aggregates were formed. When
      primary cultures containing up to greater than or equal to 20 cell aggregates
      were used for serial reculture at intermittent intervals of 3 and 4 days, a 2-7
      fold increase of colony-forming cells was found in tertiary cultures as was
      monitored by 7 day colony counts. And by use of different kinds of CSF-containing
      media, an over 4-fold increase of secondary over primary colonies was obtained
      with bovine lung-conditioned medium (BLCM) in primary and L-cell-conditioned
      medium (LCCM) in secondary 7 day cultures. Primary capillary cultures were found
      to be devoid of CFU-S. Also, setting up bone marrow cultures in petri dishes and
      stimulating with MLCM, growth of primary as well as secondary colonies was
      obtained. The results indicate some self-renewal potential of CFU-C in vitro.

PMID- 3879570
TI  - The course of morphological and functional changes induced by glycerol solutions.

PMID- 3879571
TI  - A study of multiple biological markers in twins.
AB  - Genetic and environmental influences on the phenotypic expressions of several
      biological markers were studied in 18 monozygous (MZ) and 8 dizygous (DZ) twin
      pairs. Zygosity was determined using ABO, Rh, and HLA. The biomarkers studied
      included: T & B lymphocytes, suppressor and helper T lymphocytes (T gamma, T mu),
      T cell (PHA) mitogen activation (MA), serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgG),
      plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), aryl-hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and
      sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in lymphocytes. Temporal variation of markers
      over a 6-month period was not significant. The mean absolute differences between
      levels from first and second blood draws were less than one standard deviation.
      Variability associated with age was not significant. Females had higher levels of
      T lymphocytes than males. A gender related association was observed for the IgM
      immunoglobulin test: females had a higher mean level of IgM. Smoking was found to
      influence the levels of SCE, T helper lymphocytes and mitogen activation. The
      variability of these biomarkers within and between twin pairs was quantified.
      Immunoglobulin levels, particularly that of IgM, showed statistically greater
      similarity within MZ twins than within DZ twins. Several other markers suggested
      heritability.

PMID- 3879572
TI  - Ischaemic heart disease, stroke and total mortality in women--results from a
      prospective population study in Gothenburg, Sweden.
AB  - The aims of this study were to determine the prognosis for women with different
      symptoms and signs indicating ischaemic heart disease and to relate entry
      characteristics to events of ischaemic heart disease and stroke, and to overall
      mortality during a 12-year follow-up period. A prospective cohort study was
      started as a cross-sectional investigation in 1968-69 (1462 participants aged 38
      60, participation rate 90.1%). The same sample was re-studied in 1980-81 (1154
      participants, participation rate 78.9% of those studied in 1968-69). In addition,
      a clinical series comprising all women of similar age in Gothenburg with
      myocardial infarction during the years 1968-70 (47 women) was followed up for 12
      years. The 12-year overall mortality rate for women with initial myocardial
      infarction in the clinical series was 45%. The 12-year overall mortality rates
      for women who at the time of the initial study either were considered to have
      angina pectoris or showed electrocardiographic changes indicating ischaemic heart
      disease at rest or at work were 10%, 17% and 10% respectively (expected figures
      7%, 12% and 10%). Twenty-three women (1.6%) developed myocardial infarction
      during the follow-up period (8 fatal, 15 non-fatal). New symptoms of angina
      pectoris were recorded in 56 women (4.0%), new electrocardiographic changes
      indicating ischaemic heart disease in 73 women (6.0%), and new signs of stroke in
      13 women (0.9%). Altogether 75 women (5.1%) died during the follow-up period.
      These five end-points were taken into consideration. Women with previously
      untreated arterial hypertension were offered control visits during the follow-up
      period and were prescribed antihypertensive drugs when clinically indicated. In
      this group of women, hypertension was not a predictor for any of the end-points.
      No other systematic intervention was carried out. Increased abdominal adiposity,
      increased serum triglycerides and low peak expiratory flow were independent
      predictors of at least three of the end-points studied: myocardial infarction,
      stroke and death. Increased abdominal adiposity was also an independent predictor
      of angina pectoris. Initial diabetes was an independent predictor of both
      myocardial infarction and of death. Low energy intake predicted myocardial
      infarction and electrocardiographic changes indicating ischaemic heart disease.
      High serum gastrin levels predicted myocardial infarction. Low education and high
      degree of mental disorder were independent predictors of angina pectoris.
      Physical inactivity at leisure and physical inactivity at work were independent
      predictors of stroke and of death, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3879573
TI  - Epidemiology of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in intravenous drug
      abusers.
AB  - As of March 12, 1984, 3,694 cases of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
      have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control with 1,601 deaths. Among
      the groups at increased risk for acquiring AIDS are intravenous drug users. Six
      hundred forty heterosexual I.V. drug users with AIDS were reported (17.3 percent
      of total cases), and 326 homosexual I.V. drug users with AIDS were reported (8.8
      percent of total cases). This paper describes the epidemiology of AIDS in I.V.
      drug users and discusses unanswered questions arising from the limited data that
      are available.

PMID- 3879574
TI  - [18F-FDG positron emission tomography in orbital lymphoid tumor].

PMID- 3879575
TI  - [Effectiveness of tiaprofenic acid on clinical symptoms of acute simple cystitis
      in women].
AB  - Acute simple cystitis is very easily cured by the proper use of an antibiotic.
      However, at times, such irritation symptoms in the bladder as micturition pain,
      pollakisuria and pyuria disappear. Consequently, medication to remove these
      irritation symptoms in the bladder at the earliest possible date, is required.
      However, there are no established standards for treatment in terms of the
      administration method and the administration period, etc. We gave a new non
      steroid anti-inflammatory drug, tiaprofenic acid (SURGAM) to women suffering from
      acute simple cystitis who strongly complained of bladder irritation symptoms
      especially of micturition pain. The administration was carried out concurrently
      with an antibiotic, and its effectiveness was studied. As a result, micturition
      pain showed 86% improvement on the 1st day after starting administration, and it
      is thought that the concurrent use of this product with an antibiotic can
      probably remove the patients' complaints quickly and prevent the meaningless
      administration of antibiotics due to the persistence of symptoms and,
      subsequently, there is the possibility of shortening the period of
      administration.

PMID- 3879576
TI  - Connection between two peripherical markers in a group of asthmatic patients.
AB  - We have studied the goniometric value of the tda angle and the alpha 1
      antitrypsin phenotypes in a group of thirty atopic patients with the following
      patterns: 1) they were affected with asthma, atopic dermatitis and rhinitis. 2)
      they presented positive prick skin tests for pneumo-allergens and had. 3)
      positive allergic antecedents. There exists a significant statistical value for
      the lower tda angle in the right hand, in the MZ phenotypes of alpha 1
      antitrypsin bearers, with P less than 0.05 significance. In the left hand there
      are many individual values that are identical (62% of the total test effected)
      thus the statistical methods cannot be applied satisfactorily, bearing in mind
      the significant difference as the statistical group recognized. From this and
      other previous works, we can conclude that an individual whose right hand tda
      angle reaches values near 75%, and with a MZ phenotype of alpha 1 antitrypsin,
      has a greater possibility of pertaining to one of the groups of asthma, atopic
      dermatitis and rhinitis symptomatology.

PMID- 3879577
TI  - [Determination of synovial fibronectin by laser nephelometry. Its diagnostic
      value in rheumatology].
AB  - The object of the present study was to define the optimal conditions for the
      quantitative determination of fibronectin in synovial fluid by laser nephelometry
      and to determine the diagnostic importance of this analysis in rheumatology. The
      results show that this technique is sensitive (threshold sensitivity is 70 mg/l
      if the sample is diluted 1/30 and 5 mg/l for a sample diluted to 1/2), accurate,
      reproducible (coefficient of variation less than 10%), specific, simple and
      rapid. The response is linear for dilutions from 1/30 to 1/240. Fibronectin P and
      fibronectin S were determined in 104 subjects who had contracted an arthropathy;
      26 cases of rheumatoid polyarthritis, 43 mechanical arthropathies and 35 cases of
      non-rheumatoid arthritis. the plasma fibronectin does not vary significantly from
      one group of arthropathies to another but the mean value for the total population
      of arthropathies is significantly lower than that for a control group. In the
      synovial fluid the mean value for fibronectin in the patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis (583 + 76 mg/l) is very considerably higher than that in non-rheumatoid
      (379 + 58 mg/l) or mechanical (367 + 32 mg/l) arthritis patients. Thus, the
      determination of synovial fibronectin may provide useful information for the
      etiological diagnosis of inflammatory arthropathies.

PMID- 3879578
TI  - Ultrastructure of venom glands in the frog (Rana esculenta).
AB  - Electron microscopic study of skin venom glands in the frog, Rana esculenta,
      revealed the syncytial structure of the inner (secretory) wall which presents two
      distinct zones: a basal (juxtamuscular) one, which contains nuclei and major
      cytoplasmic organelles, and an apical one where large electron-dense granules
      form and accumulate. Granules are seen to arise inside clusters of tightly packed
      smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) elements, which suggests that the SER system
      is mainly involved in synthesis of this material. A high glutaraldehyde
      concentration (5%) also reveals a poorly defined material filling the
      intergranular cytoplasm. No apical limits to the syncytium could be traced, which
      suggests massive holocrine secretion. Nerves insinuate between the muscle cells
      and occur all along the internal face of the muscular layer, sometimes in close
      contact with the syncytium. The gland duct, the wall of which consists of
      epidermal cells, is blocked, in contact with the gland, by an epidermal bud
      linked externally to the muscle layer surrounding the gland. Thus, only strong
      muscle tension such as to expel all or part of the epidermal bud can trigger
      granule release. This phenomenon can be induced by the subcutaneous injection of
      epinephrine, but the high and distressing dose needed to provoke appreciable
      changes in venom glands renders unlikely any natural intense venom release
      triggered by epinephrine in the frog.

PMID- 3879579
TI  - [Inadequacy of using size variations of esophageal varices to evaluate the
      permeability of distal splenorenal anastomoses].
AB  - After portal hypertension surgical treatment, the esophageal varices size
      reduction as endoscopically observed, has been pointed out as an indirect
      permeability sign and good function of portal systemic shunts. Three cases of
      distal splenorenal anastomosis thrombosis, studied angiographically, were
      followed by decrease of esophageal varices volume, are discussed.

PMID- 3879581
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography and various topics].

PMID- 3879580
TI  - Aging jejunal vascular ectasia as a cause of persistent intestinal bleeding.
AB  - Undiagnosed gastrointestinal bleeding is a major problem in medical practice.
      This paper describes a patient with vascular intestinal ectasia who had repeated
      severe intestinal hemorrhages for two years, and required surgery. Vascular
      intestinal ectasia was demonstrated radiologically, histologically and by
      electron microscopy in a 25 cm upper jejunum resection. The absence of
      ultrastructural alterations in intestinal vessels points out that the term "aging
      vascular ectasia" (Moore Type I) seems preferable, when Rendu Ossler, Von
      Willebrand and intestinal hemangioma are discarded.

PMID- 3879582
TI  - Immunologic parameters and prognosis in cervical cancer patients treated with
      radiotherapy.

PMID- 3879584
TI  - [Methods of immune reactions and significance of their results for the diagnosis
      of individual clinical forms of toxoplasmosis].

PMID- 3879585
TI  - [Early experiences with central electroanesthesia and transcutaneous
      electrostimulation analgesia in surgery].

PMID- 3879583
TI  - Effect of immunosuppressive agents and sunscreens on UV carcinogenesis in the
      hairless mouse.
AB  - The effect of two immunosuppressive agents, azathioprine and cyclophosphamide,
      with and without UVB sunscreen protection on UV-induced skin carcinogenesis was
      studied in the albino hairless mouse. In a daily treatment regime spanning 9
      weeks, groups of mice were immunosuppressed with either drug, and were exposed to
      minimally erythemal doses of a light source simulating the UV portion of the
      solar spectrum. The accumulated UV exposure alone induced skin tumours in 77% of
      mice. Azathioprine, but not cyclophosphamide, significantly enhanced the
      incidence of UV tumorigenesis. Photoprotection by topical application of one of
      two commonly used UVB sunscreens, 2-ethyl-hexyl-p-methoxycinnamate (2-EHMC) or
      octyl-N-dimethyl-p-aminobenzoate (o-PABA), reduced the UV tumour incidence to
      zero in immunologically normal mice and to 8-15% in immunosuppressed mice.
      Unexpressed latent tumour initiations were revealed in all sunscreen-protected
      groups by the subsequent application of a tumour promoter, croton oil. In
      immunologically normal mice 2-EHMC had allowed initiations in 39% of UV
      irradiated mice, and o-PABA in 16.5%. However, in UV-irradiated mice
      immunosuppressed with azathioprine there had been initiations in 78% of mice
      protected with 2-EHMC and 65% of mice protected with o-PABA. Photoprotected mice
      immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide did not show the same increase in UV
      initiations (22% with 2-EHMC, 23% with o-PABA). These results provide evidence
      that azathioprine increases the susceptibility of the skin to UV carcinogenesis.
      However, UVB sunscreens afford effective protection from overt tumour expression
      in the absence of a tumour promoter.

PMID- 3879586
TI  - Results in the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis.
AB  - Fifteen cases of confirmed and clinically suspected bacterial endophthalmitis
      seen at the Vitreous Clinic of Sydney Eye Hospital in the three-year period from
      July 1981 to July 1984 are reviewed. The predisposing factors are summarized; two
      cases followed secondary implantation of an intraocular lens and one case
      followed removal of sutures from a cataract section. All but one of the patients
      had been given topical, subconjunctival or systemic antibiotics prior to surgery.
      All but two of the patients had vitreous biopsies performed, and all of these
      patients in turn received intravitreal antibiotics, usually gentamicin and
      cephalothin. Positive cultures were obtained in nine cases (69%), including the
      two cases who had not received antibiotics prior to vitreous biopsy. Final visual
      acuities ranged from 6/6 to no perception of light (NPL). Delay of more than 36
      hours between the onset of severe symptoms and intravitreal antibiotic treatment
      was associated with a poor visual outcome.

PMID- 3879587
TI  - [Radiosensitivity of lymphocytes. Possible therapeutic impact].
AB  - Radiosensitivity of lymphocytes is related to the population under study: for B
      lymphocytes it depends on their degree of differentiation and for each subset of
      T lymphocyte it depends on their state of activation. Precise knowledge of
      lymphocyte, radiosensitivity could have interesting therapeutic consequences in
      all malignant proliferation of B or T lymphocytes. The most typical example seems
      to be BCLL in which normalisation of lymphocyte subsets could be localized
      irradiation in volume (the spleen) and in dose (a number of grays) allow the
      destruction of an important percentage of a malignant clone and the normalisation
      of the populations of OKT4+, OKT8+ subset which play a part in the pathogenesis
      of the disease, notably in the mechanism of certain anemias.

PMID- 3879588
TI  - [Functional roles of macrophages in the immunological response to
      Propionibacterium acnes].

PMID- 3879589
TI  - [Combined use of myocardial scintigraphy with thallium 201 and radioisotopic
      ventriculography for the non-invasive diagnosis of the patency of aortocoronary
      bypass].

PMID- 3879590
TI  - Furo[3,2-b]indole derivatives. II. Synthesis and analgesic and anti-inflammatory
      activities of 4-alkoxycarbonyl-2-morpholinocarbonylfuro[3,2-b]indole derivatives.

PMID- 3879591
TI  - Studies on bioactive substances in crude drugs used for arthritic diseases in
      traditional Chinese medicine. II. Isolation and identification of an anti
      inflammatory and analgesic principle from the root of Angelica pubescens Maxim.

PMID- 3879592
TI  - Studies on bioactive substances in crude drugs used for arthritic diseases in
      traditional Chinese medicine. III. Isolation and identification of anti
      inflammatory and analgesic principles from the whole herb of Pyrola rotundifolia
      L.

PMID- 3879593
TI  - [Posterior hypertension produced by intraocular perfusion, a surgical adjuvant
      for the extraction of lenses with posterior subluxation or luxation].

PMID- 3879594
TI  - [Keratopathy in aniridia patients].

PMID- 3879595
TI  - [Does phacoanaphylaxis exist? Apropos of 46 cases of bilateral extracapsular
      extraction (with and without implant)].

PMID- 3879596
TI  - [A case of subconjunctival luxation of the crystalline lens].

PMID- 3879597
TI  - [An epidemiologic approach to the exfoliative syndrome in the High Pyrenees].

PMID- 3879598
TI  - Nystatin prophylaxis of fungal colonization and infection in granulocytopenic
      patients: correlation of colonization and clinical outcome.
AB  - Nystatin, one million units every four hours, was prospectively studied as a
      prophylactic antifungal agent in 164 neutropenic patients who were not initially
      colonized by fungi: 104 received nystatin and 60 served as controls. Fungal
      colonization occurred in 68/104 (65%) nystatin recipients and in 43/60 (71%)
      controls. However, nystatin significantly reduced multiple body site colonization
      and persistent oropharyngeal colonization. Despite these alterations in
      colonization profile, 16/104 (15%) nystatin recipients developed disseminated
      fungal infections, as compared to 5/60 (8%) control patients (0.5 greater than p
      greater than 0.1, N.S). Differences in the clinical course of colonized and non
      colonized patients were observed. Eighteen of 111 (16%) colonized patients had
      afebrile clinical courses as compared to 16/53 (30%) non-colonized patients (p
      less than 0.05). Twenty-nine of 93 (31%) febrile episodes in colonized patients
      failed to respond to empiric antibiotic therapy as compared to 3/37 (8%) episodes
      in non-colonized patients (p less than 0.01). Disseminated fungal infections were
      diagnosed in 19/111 (17%) of colonized patients, as compared to 1/53 (2%) non
      colonized patients (p less than 0.02). We conclude that colonized patients are
      more likely to develop febrile clinical courses, to fail to respond to empiric
      antibiotic therapy, and to develop disseminated fungal infection. Nystatin
      altered colonization patterns but did not prevent disseminated fungal infection.

PMID- 3879599
TI  - Endothelial cells suppress granulocyte clusters and stimulate large granulocyte
      colonies in culture.
AB  - Endothelial cells have been shown to produce granulopoietic colony stimulating
      activity (CSA) under the regulatory control of a humoral factor, MRA produced by
      blood monocytes. An endothelial cell-derived granulopoietic inhibitory factor has
      also been described. To further define these apparently paradoxical observations,
      human bone marrow mononuclear cells were co-cultured with umbilical cord derived
      endothelial cells in a plasma clot system in vitro. To enhance the sensitivity of
      the assay for growth effects attributable to the endothelial cells (or their
      products) alone, an exogenous source of CSA (e.g. a peripheral blood leukocyte
      feeder layer) was not used. On day ten of culture, less than or equal to 1%
      endothelial cells markedly stimulated the growth of early granulocyte progenitors
      (large diaminofluorine positive (DAF+) GM-CFUc) (p less than .01) and a linear
      dose response relationship was confirmed (p less than .001). Late granulocyte
      progenitors (DAF+ clusters) were coincidently suppressed by less than or equal to
      2% endothelial cells (p less than .01). No effect of endothelial cells on
      intermediate progenitors (small GM-CFUc) was demonstrated at any concentration.
      Similar effects were observed with the addition of 5% to 30% endothelial
      conditioned medium (ECM) (p less than .01). When cohort cultures were evaluated
      serially, suppression of clusters was observed by day four and stimulation of
      large GM-CFUcs by day six. These varied effects on different stages of
      granulocyte differentiation suggest that endothelial cell derived CSA(S) may be
      of biological relevance in the regulation of granulopoiesis.

PMID- 3879600
TI  - Lymphocyte subsets in HLA-DR2-positive narcoleptic patients.
AB  - On the basis of our recent finding that all narcoleptic patients were HLA-DR2
      positive, peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were examined in 30 HLA-DR2
      positive narcoleptic patients by using monoclonal antibodies and a flow
      cytometry. The percentages of OKIa1+ cells and OKM1+ cells increased
      significantly, while no quantitative changes were observed in the T cell subsets
      examined in the present study. No major immunological abnormalities which altered
      the T cell subpopulations quantitatively were apparent in narcolepsy.

PMID- 3879601
TI  - Fluorescence from L-tyrosine and its quenching by phosphate ions and
      deoxyribonucleic acid.

PMID- 3879602
TI  - Degradation of dimethylterephthalate by a Rhodococcus species.

PMID- 3879603
TI  - Modification of carboxyl group at the active site of liquefying alpha-amylase.

PMID- 3879604
TI  - Serum proteins & immunoglobulin levels in childhood tuberculosis.

PMID- 3879605
TI  - Tuberculin sensitivity in rural children.

PMID- 3879606
TI  - The variability of drinking patterns and problems among young men, age 16-31: a
      longitudinal study.
AB  - This paper utilizes a longitudinal design to explore the relationship between
      problem drinking in adolescence and problem drinking in later life. Specifically,
      the issues investigated include the degree to which there is a continuity or lack
      of continuity of involvement in a particular pattern of drinking between
      adolescence and young adulthood, and an assessment of the usefulness of
      adolescent correlates of drinking for understanding adult patterns of drinking.
      The results indicate that there is little continuity in drinking behavior across
      time, and that while an explanatory model using as independent variables the
      impact of negative peers, family social class, family support, and high school
      success is successful in predicting alcohol involvement at age 18, this model is
      of little utility in predicting alcohol involvement at age 31.

PMID- 3879607
TI  - Controlled drinkers in comparison to abstinents and relapsed drinkers with regard
      to attitudes and social adjustment.
AB  - Referring to previous research and theoretical reflections the hypothesis was
      formulated that controlled drinkers follow a different model of alcoholism and
      its therapy than abstinents or relapsed drinkers. The patients of an abstinence
      oriented program (N = 187) were interviewed at times between 1 1/2 and 4 1/2
      years after treatment. According to their self-classification, three outcome
      groups were formed which were highly significantly differentiated by two
      discriminant functions. Symptom measures and subjective improvement following
      treatment had the highest coefficients on the first discriminant function,
      whereas the attitude toward alcoholism had the highest coefficients on the second
      one. On the first discriminant function the abstinents had the highest score,
      followed by the controlled drinkers and the relapsed ones. The differences
      between the three groups are significant. However, the difference between
      abstinents and controlled drinkers is due to the direct evaluation of therapy;
      the social adjustment measures do not differ between these two groups. On the
      second discriminant function the centroid of controlled drinkers stands out very
      much against the centroids of abstinents and relapsed drinkers, which are
      similar. Consequences are discussed.

PMID- 3879608
TI  - Radioiodinated 1-(diethylaminopropyl)-4-phenylpiperazine: a potential brain
      imaging agent.
AB  - The preparation of radioiodinated 1-(diethylaminopropyl)-4-phenylpiperazine, an
      analog of HIPDM, and its tissue distribution in rats are described. The precursor
      undergoes facile electrophilic radioiodination with radionuclides of iodine at
      the no-carrier-added level to give isolated yields in the 69-85% range.
      Biodistribution studies indicate that the radiochemical is well extracted by the
      brain (1.68-1.79% ID) and activity is substantially retained for 4 h (greater
      than 67%). Brain-to-blood ratios during the 0.25-4.0 h period were 15-23:1. The
      brain uptake and retention as well as the high brain-to-blood ratios suggest the
      potential use of this agent for regional cerebral blood flow imaging.

PMID- 3879609
TI  - Labeling the mentally ill through psychiatric records: the Israeli case.

PMID- 3879610
TI  - [Specular microscopy in the diagnosis of the iridocorneal endothelial syndrome].
AB  - Irido-corneal endothelial syndrome regroups three disorders including:
      endotheliopathy, peripheral anterior synechiae and iris changes. According to the
      aspect of these abnormalities, three syndromes are described: essential iris
      atrophy, Chandler's syndrome and iris naevus (Cogan-Reese) syndrome. Endothelial
      changes studied by specular microscopy are typical: in early stages, a rounding
      off cell angles and intracellular blackout areas can be seen; in former stages,
      black out areas increase and there is a disruption of the regular mosaic. These
      features are a major point for differential diagnosis. We present six cases
      reports among which three where effectively diagnosed as iridocorneal endothelial
      syndrome and three were not.

PMID- 3879611
TI  - [Schnyder's crystalline dystrophy. II. Association with genu valgum].
AB  - The present study describes a family in which Schnyder's crystalline stromal
      dystrophy coexisted with genu valgum. One member, a woman, exhibited only the
      corneal dystrophy. She underwent a bilateral corneal graft and the buttons
      studied by light and electron microscopy were described in another report. Her
      daughter exhibited only genu valgum and her son had both disorders. It is to our
      knowledge the fourth report on the combination of Schnyder's dystrophy and genu
      valgum in the same family. The significance of this association and other
      associations like hyperlipoproteinaemia and xanthelasma are discussed.

PMID- 3879612
TI  - [Surgical treatment of dislocation of the crystalline lens].

PMID- 3879613
TI  - Electrical stimulation in management of idiopathic scoliosis.

PMID- 3879614
TI  - Management of acute flexor tendon injury in the hand.
AB  - In this report, we have attempted to review the current state of the art with
      regard to the treatment of partial flexor tendon injuries, the strength of the
      flexor tendons and its relationship to complete tendon lacerations, and the
      importance of passive joint motion to improve tendon excursion. At this time, it
      appears that most partial flexor tendon injuries are best treated by nonsurgical
      repair and an early active assisted or passive range-of-motion exercise program
      for a period of 3 to 4 weeks. Protecting the hand up to a total of 10 to 12 weeks
      seems reasonable based on studies of tendon strength. Surgical intervention is
      necessary to prevent complications of triggering, entrapment, or rupture, which
      generally occur with lacerations of greater than 60%. We would reserve the repair
      of partial flexor tendon injuries to lacerations where tendon rupture,
      triggering, or entrapment would be expected. After flexor tendon repair,
      knowledge of the strength of tendons and the need for passive mobilization are
      important. There is not sufficient strength within the flexor tendon repair site
      to allow for active mobilization sooner than 17 days. Probably only with a
      lateral trap stitch similar to that described by Becker or with extremely well
      supervised and trusted patients can active motion be started this early. There is
      insufficient intrinsic tendon strength to consider active motion (without
      assistance) earlier than 3 1/2 to 4 weeks. Passive range of motion using the
      Kleinert-Atasoy or Durand technique before this period is important in not only
      increasing tendon gliding (or excursion) but also being a stimulus to improve
      flexor tendon healing strength.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3879615
TI  - Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with B-cell phenotype.

PMID- 3879616
TI  - [Augmentation of an intra-bony defect using Synthograft and Tissucol].

PMID- 3879617
TI  - The effect of N6-butyrylcordycepin on potentially lethal damage repair in vivo.

PMID- 3879618
TI  - Restoration of radiation injury by ginseng. IV. Stimulation of recoveries in CFUs
      and megakaryocyte counts related to the prevention of occult blood appearance in
      X-irradiated mice.

PMID- 3879619
TI  - [Comparison of percutaneous gasserian-ganglion glycerol injection and
      microvascular decompression for the management of trigeminal neuralgia].

PMID- 3879620
TI  - [Primary cutaneous B cell lymphoma with lack of any involvement of the lymph
      nodes].

PMID- 3879621
TI  - Effect of colchicine on the migration of human lymphocyte subpopulations under
      agarose.
AB  - The effect of colchicine on the random migration of human peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells under agarose gel was studied. Separated T cell and non
      rosetting sheep red blood cell fractions were incubated in the presence of
      colchicine at concentrations ranging from 10(-8)M to 10(-2)M, and then allowed to
      migrate for 72 hours. Significant inhibition of migration was not observed at
      colchicine concentrations less than 10(-3)M. At 10(-3)M, significant impairment
      of both T cell (p less than 0.01) and non-rosetting cell (p less than 0.001)
      migration was observed. At 10(-2)M colchicine, migration was completely
      inhibited. Enhancement of migration of any type of human mononuclear cells by
      colchicine was not observed at any concentration. The results are consistent with
      the hypothesis that microtubules are not required for the random migration of
      these cells.

PMID- 3879622
TI  - Preparation of anti-Gm antibodies and their application to enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting for Gm typing.

PMID- 3879623
TI  - [Introduction to obstetrical endocrinology. 22. Fetal growth and hormones].

PMID- 3879624
TI  - The relationship between motor endplate size and muscle fiber diameter in
      different muscle groups of the rat.
AB  - To investigate the relationship between motor endplate size and muscle fiber
      diameter, analyses of 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin autoradiographs and
      acetylcholinesterase staining were performed in different muscle groups of the
      rat. These revealed 1) there is a linear correlation between endplate size and
      fiber diameter in each muscle group, and 2) each muscle group has a
      characteristic ratio of endplate size to fiber diameter; the ratios were markedly
      higher in extraocular muscles than in limb muscles.

PMID- 3879625
TI  - Relation between translingual potential changes induced by NaCl in the bullfrog
      tongue and taste nerve activity.
AB  - NaCl at various concentrations applied to the dorsal surface of the bullfrog
      tongue induced slow potential changes across the tongue. They were almost in
      parallel with changes in impulse discharges simultaneously recorded from the
      glossopharyngeal nerve.

PMID- 3879626
TI  - Some features of the electrically induced contracture in the frog skeletal
      muscle: reexamination of the post-anodal inhibition.
AB  - Some features of the electrically induced contracture were investigated by means
      of the partition polarization method in the toe muscles of a bullfrog. Under the
      current clamp condition and in the presence of tetrodotoxin, a biphasic
      contracture was induced by strong depolarizing pulses, 1 sec, in duration. The
      contracture was depressed either by lengthening the pulse interval or by reducing
      the external calcium concentration. Furthermore, the contracture was augmented by
      applying conditioning depolarization and inhibited by conditioning
      hyperpolarization without accompanying any noticeable changes in the test
      depolarization. Caffeine at a concentration of 1 mM depressed the inhibitory
      effect of pre-hyperpolarization. Strong hyperpolarizing pulses had no effect on
      the caffeine contracture, whereas a similar pre-hyperpolarization markedly
      suppressed the phenomenon on the post-contracture potentiation of twitch, induced
      by a powerful sustained depolarization. From these results it was suggested that
      calcium ions in the vicinity of the myoplasmic site of the transverse tubular
      membrane may play some role in generating and regulating the contracture. The
      possibility of direct contribution of calcium entering from the cell exterior in
      contracture generation, especially for the slow component, and its regulation was
      also discussed.

PMID- 3879627
TI  - Effect of acupuncture on left ventricular size and function assessed by
      echocardiography in patients with stable dilated cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3879628
TI  - Use of acupuncture analgesia during childbirth.

PMID- 3879629
TI  - The effects of electric acupuncture of Neiguan on the amelioration of coronary
      spasm induced by hypothalamic stimulation in rabbits.

PMID- 3879630
TI  - The role of acetylcholine in the rat brain and its effect on 5-hydroxytryptamine
      metabolism during electroacupuncture analgesia.

PMID- 3879631
TI  - [Is type A behavior modulated by genetic factors regulating magnesium and zinc
      metabolism? Working hypotheses and preliminary results].
AB  - Type A behavior subjects, characterized by a state of self-maintained stress,
      show a decrease in their red blood cell (RBC) Mg concentration under the effect
      of stress. On the other hand, blood donors carrying the HLA-Bw35 tissue group
      exhibit lower RBC Mg values. These observations suggest an association between
      type A behavior and genetic factors associated with the HLA-Bw35 group. In order
      to test this hypothesis, 130 blood donors of known HLA groups have been submitted
      to the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) in order to determine their behavioral
      pattern. Bw35 blood donors reveal less frequently a type B (i.e. non-A)
      behavioral pattern than do the non-Bw35; this finding fits the initial
      hypothesis. Bw35 individuals also show lower blood Mg values while those with a
      high JAS score reveal higher RBC zinc concentrations. A working hypothesis, based
      on these results, is developed.

PMID- 3879632
TI  - [A transversal study on the health status of workers exposed to a 50 Hz
      electromagnetic field].

PMID- 3879633
TI  - B and T lymphocytic populations and subpopulations and natural killer cells (NK)
      in blood of patients with myeloma and with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined
      significance (MGUS).

PMID- 3879634
TI  - Quantitative distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the rat central
      nervous system.
AB  - Using an antiserum directed against human calcitonin gene-related peptide
      (hCGRP), which fully cross reacts with rat CGRP, a sensitive radioimmunoassay was
      developed. The antiserum was characterized by displacement curve characteristics
      and high performance liquid chromatography. The assay was applied to rat brain
      tissue and the concentration of CGRP for 48 microdissected brain areas is
      presented. Highest levels (1000-4500 fmol/mg protein) were found in the central
      amygdaloid, caudate putamen, and spinal trigeminal nerve nucleus and tract,
      substantia gelatinosa, and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Moderate levels
      (200-600 fmol/mg protein) were found in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis,
      the subfornical organ, the paraventricular, arcuate, dorsomedial, dorsal
      parabrachial, ambiguus and tractus solitarii nuclei and in the median eminence.
      These results coincide with those previously obtained by immunohistochemistry.
      The widespread distribution in the brain suggests involvement of CGRP in a
      variety of behavioral functions.

PMID- 3879635
TI  - Calcitonin gene-related peptide: brain and spinal action on intestinal motility.
AB  - The effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) and intrathecal (IT) administration
      of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on intestinal motility were examined in
      conscious rats chronically fitted with intraparietal electrodes in the duodeno
      jejunum and a cannula in a cerebral lateral ventricle or catheter in the
      subarachnoid space. ICV administration of CGRP (0.5-10 micrograms) restores the
      fasted pattern of intestinal motility in fed rats in a dose-related manner.
      Intrathecal administration of CGRP or calcitonin also induces fasted pattern but
      after a 30 min delay. These effects persisted after transection of the spinal
      cord and no change in intestinal motility appeared after intravenous
      administration of CGRP at a dose effective when given IT. This study suggests
      that CGRP, as calcitonin, has a neuromodulatory role in the control of intestinal
      motility at both brain and spinal cord levels.

PMID- 3879636
TI  - Osteocalcin as an indicator of bone metabolism during spaceflight.

PMID- 3879637
TI  - [Study of data sampling for SPECT image].

PMID- 3879638
TI  - [Sexually transmitted diseases].

PMID- 3879639
TI  - [Venereal diseases or sexually transmitted diseases?].

PMID- 3879640
TI  - [Infectious and parasitic diseases transmitted by sexual contact: epidemiological
      and public health aspects].

PMID- 3879641
TI  - [Clinical, diagnostic and management aspects in vulvovaginitis and pelvic
      inflammatory disease].

PMID- 3879642
TI  - [Sexually transmitted diseases: therapeutic schedule].

PMID- 3879643
TI  - [Cochleovestibular data in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Van Laere's form)].

PMID- 3879644
TI  - [Long-term course of patients subjected to isolated myocardial
      revascularization].

PMID- 3879645
TI  - Piroxicam serum levels in patients treated for rheumatic diseases.
AB  - Serum levels of piroxicam were observed for periods of one to 15 months in
      patients who had a variety of rheumatic diseases. At a dose of 20 mg per day,
      patients' serum levels ranged from undetectable (less than 0.5) to 24.8
      micrograms/mL. Mean serum levels did not vary with age or body weight and
      remained relatively constant in individual subjects during the period of follow
      up. Thus, there is no justification for altering the recommended dose of 20 mg
      based solely on patient age or weight. Concomitant administration of salicylate
      or acetaminophen was associated with decreased serum levels of piroxicam, but
      other drugs, such as diuretics, prednisone, and cimetidine, had no discernible
      effect on piroxicam levels. Gastrointestinal toxicity, requiring discontinuance
      of piroxicam therapy, occurred in only four patients, and there was no
      association between serum levels of piroxicam and gastrointestinal toxicity.

PMID- 3879646
TI  - [Amygdaloid serotonin and endogenous opioid substances (OLS) are important for
      mediating electroacupuncture analgesia and morphine analgesia in the rabbit].

PMID- 3879647
TI  - [Electroacupuncture accelerates the biogenesis of central enkephalins in the
      rat].

PMID- 3879648
TI  - [Proceedings of the 29th scientific session of the Japan Rheumatism Association.
      May 9-10, 1985, Fukuoka City, Japan. Abstracts].

PMID- 3879649
TI  - Infant feeding practices, postpartum amenorrhea, and contraceptive use in
      Thailand.
AB  - The findings from Thailand's 1984 Contraceptive Prevalence Survey suggest that an
      earlier trend toward reduced breastfeeding may have halted, with the initiation
      of breastfeeding virtually universal in rural areas and very common in urban
      areas. Breastfeeding duration, although quite prolonged on average, shows
      substantial rural-urban, regional, and educational differences. The introduction
      of supplemental food including infant formula and, to a much lesser extent,
      condensed milk, is very common and occurs when the infant is very young. Thus
      duration of breastfeeding in the absence of any supplemental food is very short,
      with a median duration of only one month. A sizeable minority of women start
      practicing contraception during postpartum amenorrhea. As amenorrhea is of only
      moderate duration, however, the extent of overlap in protection against pregnancy
      is very modest. Furthermore, the resumption of menses is clearly associated with
      a substantial increase in contraceptive practice.

PMID- 3879650
TI  - A comparative cranio-corpography study on the findings in the Romberg standing
      test versus the Unterberger/Fukuda stepping test in vertigo patients.
AB  - Cranio-corpography (CCG) stepping and standing tests are compared in a group of
      202 neurotological patients. In these two vestibulo-spinal tests, performed by a
      simple and precise photo-optic system, the movement of the shoulders and the head
      -and not the movement of the feet, is taken as the parameter for the
      investigation. The two tests are complementary one to the other. The CCG should
      be an integral part of every neurotological laboratory.

PMID- 3879651
TI  - Quantitative analysis of vestibular response in cerebello-pontine angle tumors.
AB  - The results obtained by vestibular examination are reported for 20 patients with
      cerebellopontine angle tumours. Eye pursuits, spontaneous, positional and caloric
      induced nystagmus (lateral and directional preponderance for duration, frequency
      and speed of slow phase) were evaluated in order to identify the most sensitive
      parameter. Half cases showed abnormalities in eye tracking test, one third a
      spontaneous nystagmus, 5% only a positional nystagmus. A lateral preponderance of
      the healthy side was found in 95% of the cases when calculated on the slow phase
      velocity of the caloric nystagmus, while lower rates were obtained with duration
      (79%) and frequency (74%). These results suggest that an asymmetry in the speed
      of slow phase of the caloric nystagmus is the most relevant sign to proceed to X
      ray examination, especially if found in cases where the residual hearing does not
      allow reliable audiometric results.

PMID- 3879652
TI  - [Comparative studies of the results of caloric vestibular tests and classical
      torsion swing tests].
AB  - Vestibular Paresis (PL) and Directional Preponderance (PD) are the measurements
      found on caloric testing described by Fitzgerald and Hallpike (1942); frequency
      nystagmogram is the typical result of the torsion swing test of the French
      school. The differences between the two methods stimulated us to make a
      comparison of the results. Seventy-eight patients affected by unilateral
      peripheral vestibulopathy in various degree of compensation were submitted to
      both tests. Frequency nystagmogram was transformed, for calculation purposes,
      into normalized percentual difference (SSP). SSP and PD were found highly
      significantly correlated and were considered as equivalent from the statistical
      point of view. SSP and PL were completely independent at slow velocity
      stimulation. Using high velocities of stimulation a correlation was demonstrated
      between SSP and PL; unfortunately to the elevation of SSP corresponds a so
      minimal increasing of PL that the correlation is scarcely useful from the
      clinical point of view.

PMID- 3879653
TI  - [Positional nystagmus and other otoneurological manifestations in vascular
      neurovegetative dystonia].
AB  - The position nystagmus and the position syndromum vestibularis as well as other
      otoneurological manifestations such as vertigo, equilibrium and bearing troubles
      etc. were investigated in 41 cases. A position nystagmus in 22, spontaneous
      nystagmus in 3, vertigo in 40, equilibrium disturbances in 26, hearing trouble in
      16, audiometric disturbances in 7 and vegetativus reactions in 25 cases were
      established. It is supposed that the neurosis vegetativa results in a copious
      otoneurological symptomatics notably of vestibular type often accompanied by
      vegetativus manifestations. The vertigo is predominantly of the position type and
      unsystematic in character, occurs almost in all of the cases and is accompanied
      by position nystagmus in half of the cases. Subjective and objective hearing
      troubles occur rarely and manifest themselves mainly as a buzzing or slight
      hearing reduction. The position nystagmus is a common symptomus and therefore
      position tests should be applied to each case.

PMID- 3879654
TI  - Epidemiological aspects of the natural history of childhood diabetes.
AB  - Studies in identical twins have shown only a 50% concordance for type 1 diabetes,
      indicating that environmental factors are of major importance. Prospective
      studies in twins and siblings of type 1 diabetics provide evidence of a long
      prediabetic phase. Environmental factors, inducing a pathological immune response
      in genetically susceptible individuals, may thus act long before the clinical
      onset. In Sweden a high and increasing incidence of childhood diabetes has been
      shown, with peak incidence rates at puberty in both boys and girls. The incidence
      rate is higher for boys than for girls. Significant geographical and seasonal
      variations are clearly indicated. The epidemiology of lost beta-cell function
      shortly after clinical onset differs significantly from the epidemiology of
      clinical onset as to sex and geographical and seasonal distribution.
      Environmental factors that affect the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes may thus
      differ from factors affecting the beta-cell function after onset. Factors
      affecting the peripheral insulin sensitivity should therefore be taken into
      consideration also when discussing the natural history of type 1 diabetes.

PMID- 3879655
TI  - Localisation of the penicillinase gene in naturally occurring Staphylococcus
      aureus strains.
AB  - Localisation of the penicillinase gene was studied in a total of 104 inducible
      Staphylococcus aureus strains selected from 10,229 bacteraemia strains isolated
      in the years 1957-1981. The strains represented all possible combinations of the
      most common patterns of phage type and susceptibility to heavy metals (cadmium,
      arsenate and mercury) and antibiotics. The material was further supplemented with
      epidemically occurring strains. Localisation of the penicillinase gene was
      established by isolation of penicillinase-negative variants and analysis of DNA
      bands on CsCl gradients and gel-electrophoresis. Fifty-five strains contained a
      penicillinase plasmid; 49 had a chromosomal location. The genetic location was
      mainly connected with phage types. All strains belonging to the 83A complex and
      the majority of the strains of the 52, 52A, 80, 81 complex and of phage type 95
      contained a penicillinase plasmid, whereas chromosomal location was found in all
      strains of group II and of the 94,96 complex. In all strains but three (group
      III) the resistances to heavy metals were located on the penicillinase plasmid.
      Association between the penicillinase plasmid and genes coding for resistance to
      other antibiotics was found in one tetracycline resistant strain only. Three
      micro-constitutive strains had chromosomally located penicillinase gene, whereas
      one macro-constitutive strain contained a penicillinase plasmid.

PMID- 3879656
TI  - [Comparative pathomorphological research on the effect of parathion, trichlorfon
      and chlorfenvinphos in an experimental infection in rats caused by Erysipelothrix
      rhusiopathiae].

PMID- 3879657
TI  - Intragastric mefloquine is absorbed rapidly in patients with cerebral malaria.
AB  - Mefloquine has proved effective in chloroquine- and quinine-resistant falciparum
      malaria, but it cannot be given parenterally. We have measured the absorption of
      mefloquine hydrochloride suspension (mean 15.6, range 9.7-28.6 mg/kg) given by
      nasogastric tube to 19 cerebral malaria patients already receiving intravenous
      quinine. Absorption was rapid with both dose schedules used; mean absorption half
      times were 1.5 and 1.8 hr, and plasma mefloquine concentrations exceeded 200 ng/g
      within 3 hr of completing administration in all but one exceptionally ill patient
      who died 40 hr later. Steady state plasma concentrations over 7 days ranged from
      300 to 1,050 (mean 561) ng/g. Bioavailability of mefloquine suspension in
      cerebral malaria therefore appears to be adequate for treatment in all but the
      most severely ill patients. Although intragastric mefloquine cannot now be
      recommended as an alternative to intravenous quinine for the treatment of severe
      chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria, this situation could change if quinine
      resistance increases further.

PMID- 3879658
TI  - Molecular characterization of chloramphenicol-resistant Haemophilus
      parainfluenzae and Haemophilus ducreyi.
AB  - We examined chloramphenicol-resistant Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Haemophilus
      ducreyi strains isolated in various parts of the world. The antibiotic resistance
      determinants were located on conjugative plasmids in H. ducreyi, but were
      chromosomally located in H. parainfluenzae. Both species produced chloramphenicol
      acetyltransferases (CATs) that were sensitive to 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic
      acid) like the enteric type II and Haemophilus influenzae CAT enzymes, but
      differed from these enzymes in elution patterns and subunit molecular weight.
      Southern blot analysis showed the H. parainfluenzae and H. ducreyi CAT genes were
      molecularly related to the enteric type II class as well as the H. influenzae
      CAT. Heterogeneity of the physiochemical properties of the CATs was observed;
      however, the data suggested that all three Haemophilus spp. have a common
      ancestral source for the CATs.

PMID- 3879659
TI  - Evolution of plasmid-coded resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins.
AB  - A clinical isolate of Klebsiella ozaenae with transferable resistance to broad
      spectrum cephalosporins produces a beta-lactamase determined by plasmid pBP60.
      The beta-lactamase had the same isoelectric point as SHV-1 (7.6). From
      heteroduplex analysis, an extensive homology between the two bla genes could be
      deduced; therefore, the new beta-lactamase was designated SHV-2. Enzymatic
      studies revealed that SHV-2 was able to hydrolyze broad-spectrum cephalosporins
      due to an increased affinity of these compounds for the enzyme. The assumption
      that SHV-2 is a natural mutant of SHV-1 was strongly supported by the isolation
      of a laboratory mutant of SHV-1 that showed activities similar to those of SHV-2.

PMID- 3879660
TI  - Tolerance of Haemophilus influenzae to beta-lactam antibiotics.
AB  - Two hundred clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae were tested for tolerance
      (MBC/MIC greater than or equal to 32) to ampicillin and cefotaxime by broth
      dilution tests. Of 200 strains, 9 were tolerant to ampicillin, and 10 were
      tolerant to cefotaxime. Tolerant organisms were identified in both systemic and
      nonsystemic infections and among different biotypes and serotypes of H.
      influenzae. These tolerant isolates were compared with nontolerant isolates by
      broth dilution and killing curves with log-phase and stationary-phase inocula.
      Both tolerant and nontolerant bacteria in log phase were killed more rapidly by
      antibiotics than bacteria in stationary-phase growth. When tested against 11
      different beta-lactams, several patterns of tolerance were observed. Six of the
      ten strains were tolerant to aztreonam, four were tolerant to cefuroxime, three
      were tolerant to cefamandole, and two were tolerant to cefoxitin. Strain H130 was
      tolerant to all beta-lactam antibiotics studied. None of the 10 tolerant H.
      influenzae isolates were tolerant to chloramphenicol, rifampin, tobramycin,
      ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Although the clinical
      significance of tolerance is not determined, this study suggests that the
      bactericidal activity (MBC) of beta-lactam antibiotics against H. influenzae
      should be determined in cases of severe infections in which clinical response is
      slow or unsatisfactory.

PMID- 3879661
TI  - In vitro antibacterial activity of SK&F 88070 against aerobic gram-positive and
      gram-negative cocci and Haemophilus influenzae.
AB  - The inhibitory activity of SK&F 88070, a cephalosporin whose kinetic
      characteristics in animals suggest the possibility of once-daily doses, was
      determined against 345 clinical isolates, and results were compared with the
      activities of ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, moxalactam, methicillin, and ampicillin.
      The spectrum of SK&F 88070 is similar to that of ceftizoxime.

PMID- 3879662
TI  - [Analysis of effector T lymphocyte subpopulations necessary to mediate
      semisyngeneic tumor rejection in mice].

PMID- 3879663
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative Con A binding to mouse lymphocytes, T cell enriched
      spleen cells and allogeneically stimulated lymphocytes.
AB  - The qualitative and quantitative Con A binding behaviour of mouse spleen cells
      and allogeneically stimulated lymphocytes was investigated by means of
      fluorescence-optical and cell-electrophoretical methods. Contrary to B
      lymphocytes and unstimulated cultured T lymphocytes, normal as well as
      allogeneically stimulated T cells show a decreased electrophoretic mobility after
      incubation with Con A. This decrease correlates with a higher affinity and
      specificity to Con A on the one side and with a functional signal of Con A on the
      other side. Incubation with Con A is a stimulating signal for normal T
      lymphocytes and a suppressive one for allogeneically stimulated lymphocytes. The
      3H-thymidine incorporation of B lymphocytes and unstimulated T cells is not
      influenced by Con A in spite of Con A binding. The amount of bound molecules is
      not of decisive importance for the mitogenic cultivated properties of Con A.

PMID- 3879664
TI  - Temporal bone pathology in congenital anomalies of the oval window and the facial
      nerve.
AB  - Temporal bones of six infants with congenital ear anomalies were examined for
      abnormalities of the oval window and facial nerve. These temporal bones were
      classified into two groups according to the degree of malformation: group A,
      those with atresia or absence of the oval window; and, group B, those with
      hypoplasia of the stapes and annular ligament. Group A, consisting of five ears,
      were associated with severe middle ear anomalies such as the abnormal course of
      the facial nerve and absence of the stapes. In group B, consisting of seven ears,
      the stapes were present and the facial nerve presented minor anomalies such as
      obtuse angulation at the first genu, central migration of the geniculate ganglion
      cells, ectopic muscles and a wide bony dehiscence of the facial canal around the
      oval window. Probable origin of the anomalies in group A could mainly be due to
      maldevelopment of the facial nerve during an earlier embryonal period while that
      of group B could have developed after the ninth week of the fetal period and are
      mostly localized along the second branchial arch.

PMID- 3879665
TI  - Thymostimulin as an immunomodulator in gynaecological oncology.

PMID- 3879666
TI  - Recent developments in scientific research relating to the control of cannabis.

PMID- 3879667
TI  - Illicit traffic and abuse of cannabis in Canada.
AB  - In 1984 cannabis derivatives, in particular marijuana, hashish and liquid
      hashish, continued to be the most readily available drugs of abuse in Canada.
      Marijuana originating in Colombia decreased on the illicit marijuana market in
      Canada from an estimated 45 per cent in 1983 to 30 per cent in 1984, but it
      remained the largest source of marijuana supply. Marijuana originating in
      Thailand remained at approximately the same level (20 per cent) in 1984 as in
      1983, while marijuana of Jamaican origin increased its share in the illicit
      market from 10 per cent in 1983 to 20 per cent in 1984. Approximately 10 per cent
      of marijuana on the illicit market originated in Canada, 10 per cent in Mexico,
      and 10 per cent in the United States of America. In 1984 an estimated 85 per cent
      of hashish on the illicit market in Canada originated in Lebanon (55 per cent in
      1983), 10 per cent in India or Pakistan (31 per cent in 1983) and 5 per cent in
      Jamaica (2 per cent in 1983). Illicit shipments in tonnes of hashish originating
      in Lebanon made this the dominant source of supply of the drug. Liquid hashish
      originating in Jamaica shared 88 per cent of the illicit market of this drug in
      Canada during 1984, while 10 per cent of the drug originated in Lebanon and 2 per
      cent in Canada. In 1984 an estimated 40 per cent of smuggled marijuana entered
      the illicit market in Canada by air and approximately the same amount by sea,
      while 20 per cent was smuggled over land. During the same year, hashish was
      smuggled into Canada primarily by sea, while air accounted for 5 per cent and
      land for 1 per cent only. Liquid hashish, in contrast, entered Canada primarily
      by air, and only 9 per cent by land and 1 per cent by sea.

PMID- 3879668
TI  - Cannabis use among youth in the Netherlands.
AB  - A nation-wide survey of cannabis use, based on a representative sample of 1,306
      young people in the 15-to-24 age group, carried out in the Netherlands in 1983,
      showed that cannabis had been used or tried by 12.2 per cent of the respondents
      (13 per cent males and 11 per cent females). These results, compared with the
      results of a study carried out by the Central Bureau of Statistics in 1979 and
      1980, showed an increase in cannabis use. In the three largest cities, the
      percentage of cannabis users (25 per cent) was double that of the country as a
      whole. The percentage of cannabis use was higher among the older age groups of
      respondents; the study also showed that the lower the age at first cannabis use
      the higher the risk of continuing and becoming involved with more dangerous drugs
      such as cocaine, heroin and amphetamines. The rates of alcohol drinking, tobacco
      smoking and the use of heroin, amphetamines, cocaine, sleeping pills and
      tranquillizers were significantly higher among cannabis users than among
      respondents who were not using cannabis. The rate of cannabis use was
      significantly higher among the unemployed respondents than among those who had a
      job. The authors suggest that these findings should be taken into account in
      designing preventive measures and other forms of intervention programmes to deal
      with cannabis-related problems among young people.

PMID- 3879669
TI  - Characteristics of lipid peroxidative conduction block induced by an organic
      hydroperoxide in axons of isolated frog nerve.
AB  - The direct effects of lipid peroxidation on axonal conduction were investigated
      by application of tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) to the isolated common
      peroneal nerve of the frog (Rana catesbeiana). The powerful oxidizing agent t
      BOOH caused a concentration-related (0.03-3.0%) block of action potential
      conduction. This effect, presumably due to axonal lipid peroxidation, was
      progressive, with the time required for the conduction impairment to occur also
      being a function of t-BOOH concentration. In contrast, tertiary butyl alcohol had
      no effect even at a 3.0% concentration. The gamma-fibers in the nerve were the
      most sensitive to t-BOOH conduction block, followed in order by the larger
      diameter beta-fibers and the even larger alpha-fibers. The rate of decrease in
      conduction was faster in nerves that were stimulated continuously (1 Hz) than in
      those that were activated only at specific measurement times, indicating an
      association between axonal depolarization and susceptibility to peroxidative
      conduction block. Recovery of conduction was observed particularly in alpha- and
      beta-fibers. The rate and extent of recovery were inversely proportional to the
      concentration of t-BOOH, suggesting that moderate peroxidative damage is
      potentially reversible. The possible relationship of these results to lipid
      peroxidative axonal damage in acute central nervous system injury is discussed.

PMID- 3879670
TI  - [Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3879671
TI  - AIDS and the WHO Collaborating Centres: memorandum from a WHO meeting.
AB  - The important role of WHO Collaborating Centres in international cooperation and
      action to control and prevent the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in
      the affected countries, and eventually worldwide, was emphasized at a meeting in
      Geneva on 25-26 September 1985. The participants reviewed the progress that had
      been made in the past few months and recognized that WHO activities related to
      the control of LAV/HTLV-III infections and associated diseases, particularly
      AIDS, are likely to increase rapidly during the next few years. They therefore
      recommended the assignment of responsibility within WHO to ensure optimal
      coordination of activities involving the Collaborating Centres, the Organization,
      and the countries.

PMID- 3879672
TI  - Relevance of studies of cellular receptors to the prevention and control of viral
      disease: memorandum from a WHO meeting.
AB  - This Memorandum describes recent scientific advances in the identification and
      characterization of cell receptors for viruses and their relevance to programmes
      for the prevention and control of viral diseases. These areas of anti-viral
      research provide an improved understanding of the mechanisms of viral
      pathogenesis and a rational basis for the development of anti-viral drugs, viral
      vaccines, and new diagnostic approaches and reagents. Advances in research to
      characterize the cellular receptors for human picornaviruses (including
      poliovirus, coxsackievirus and rhinovirus), influenza viruses, and reoviruses are
      reviewed.

PMID- 3879673
TI  - Field evaluation of vaccine efficacy.

PMID- 3879674
TI  - [General mathematical methodology for analyzing bacterial biotope-biotype
      correspondence: application to the epidemiology of Brucella melitensis in
      France].

PMID- 3879675
TI  - Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children:
      weaning education.

PMID- 3879676
TI  - Multivariate approaches to the analysis of breast-feeding habits.

PMID- 3879677
TI  - Use of growth charts as a simple epidemiological monitoring system of nutritional
      status of children.
AB  - Community monitoring of the nutritional status of children has hitherto involved
      field surveys and lengthy computer analysis. These procedures are complex and
      cannot always be carried out on a routine basis. In addition, they do not provide
      immediate feedback or longitudinal information on the population under
      surveillance. This study describes a simple, universally applicable community
      survey system for monitoring the growth of infants and children that affords both
      cross-sectional and longitudinal data.

PMID- 3879678
TI  - Comparison of Haitian children in a nutrition intervention programme with
      children in the Haitian national nutrition survey.

PMID- 3879679
TI  - Medicinal plants in therapy.
AB  - One of the prerequisites for the success of primary health care is the
      availability and use of suitable drugs. Plants have always been a common source
      of medicaments, either in the form of traditional preparations or as pure active
      principles. It is thus reasonable for decision-makers to identify locally
      available plants or plant extracts that could usefully be added to the national
      list of drugs, or that could even replace some pharmaceutical preparations that
      need to be purchased and imported. This update article presents a list of plant
      derived drugs, with the names of the plant sources, and their actions or uses in
      therapy.

PMID- 3879680
TI  - Essential drugs for cancer chemotherapy: memorandum from a WHO meeting.
AB  - Essential drugs for cancer chemotherapy were reviewed in a consultation convened
      by WHO in Geneva. General principles regarding the proper role of cancer
      chemotherapeutic agents in relation to other established treatment modalities and
      the classification of tumours with respect to curative potential are discussed.
      Curable cancers and those cancers where the cost-benefit ratio clearly favours
      drug treatment can be managed appropriately using only 14 drugs.

PMID- 3879681
TI  - [Closure of an oro-antral fistula with a fibrin adhesive system. Preliminary
      results].

PMID- 3879682
TI  - [Hematoma of the mouth floor following oral surgery and its anatomical
      characteristics].

PMID- 3879683
TI  - [Principles and technics of transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS), for the
      treatment of disorders of the masticatory system].

PMID- 3879684
TI  - Pertussis vaccine and whooping cough as risk factors in acute neurological
      illness and death in young children.
AB  - The National Childhood Encephalopathy Study received reports on 1182 cases of
      serious acute neurological illnesses in children admitted to hospital in Britain.
      The frequency of risk factors in cases was compared with matched controls. A
      personal or family history of convulsions was found significantly more often in
      cases than in controls, but no such excess was found for a history of allergy.
      Case children were significantly more likely to have received diphtheria, tetanus
      and pertussis (DTP) vaccine within seven days before onset and to have a history
      of whooping cough during the month of onset. The risk of serious acute brain
      conditions after the disease was more than six times that of three doses of DTP.
      In addition, there is evidence that deaths attributed to whooping cough may
      seriously underestimate the number associated with pertussis infection.

PMID- 3879685
TI  - Post-vaccination symptoms following DTP and DT vaccination.
AB  - Post-vaccination symptoms in 6,004 infants given adsorbed Diphtheria Tetanus and
      Pertussis (DTP) vaccine and 4,024 infants given adsorbed Diphtheria and Tetanus
      (DT) vaccine have been compared. Although crying, screaming and fever were
      slightly more frequent after adsorbed DTP than adsorbed DT, attacks of high
      pitched screaming, episodes of pallor and hypotonia, convulsions, other
      neurological disorders and sudden infant death occurred with similar frequency in
      the two groups. No specific neurological effect attributable to the pertussis
      component was found.

PMID- 3879686
TI  - Adverse events following immunization with DTP vaccine.
AB  - The Monitoring System for Adverse Events Following Immunization became fully
      operational in late 1978 in all 50 States, New York City and Washington, D.C.
      This system compiles information on adverse events temporally associated (within
      four weeks) to the administration of a vaccine. A total of 2,062 reports of
      adverse events following diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
      (DTP) were received between 1979 and 1982. The number of reports received in 1979
      was 387, increasing to 707 reports in 1982. The increase is predominantly in
      local reactions and fever. The number of persons with serious illnesses
      temporally associated with vaccine remained relatively constant over the four
      year period. The overall rate of reported adverse events following DTP (70.8 per
      million doses administered in the public sector) was about twice that of Td
      (33.5) or DT (38.4); however it was not substantially different from those
      following measles- or rubella-containing vaccines. Those who had convulsions
      (whether febrile or non-febrile) following receipt of DTP vaccine were
      substantially more likely to have had a personal history of convulsions than
      those who had a non-neurologic adverse event following DTP (p less than 0.0001).
      This information, along with data from the literature, has led to recent
      recommendations by advisory groups in the United States that any infant or child
      with a personal history of convulsions should be thoroughly evaluated before
      initiating or continuing immunization with pertussis vaccine.

PMID- 3879687
TI  - DTP vaccine reactions: effect of prior reactions on rate of subsequent reactions.
AB  - It is generally presumed that children who have had reactions to diphtheria
      tetanus-pertussis (DTP) immunization will be more likely to have similar
      reactions or more severe reactions upon subsequent immunization. To evaluate this
      contention, we studied the rates of selected reactions occurring within 48 hours
      of primary DTP immunization in 1,241 infants less than one year of age. Both
      local and systemic reactions were significantly more frequent following
      subsequent DTP immunization if present following a prior immunization. The rates
      of local reactions following subsequent DTP immunization as a function of
      previous reactions were as follows (no prior reactions/prior reaction): local
      redness greater than or equal to 2.5 cm, 12.5%/25.5% (p less than 0.0001); local
      swelling greater than or equal to 2.5 cm, 16.8%/29.0% (p less than 0.0001); local
      pain, 37.4%/56.4%; (p less than 0.0001). The rates of systemic reactions as a
      function of previous reactions were as follows (no prior reactions/prior
      reaction): drowsiness, 24.9%/42.8% (p less than 0.0001); fretfulness, 47.5%/64.7%
      (p less than 0.0001); vomiting, 4.8%/11.2% (p = 0.0084); anorexia 16.0%/26.3% (p
      = 0.0001); fever greater than or equal to 38 degrees C, 37.6%/58.5% (p less than)
      0.0001); persistent crying, 2.6%/4.5% (p = 0.3557). In addition, infants who
      experienced a fever greater than or equal to 38 degrees C on the first of two
      immunizations were more likely to have a temperature greater than or equal to 39
      degrees C following the second immunization, 4.2% vs. 12.4% (p = 0.0017). These
      data strongly support the presumption that children who have had previous
      reactions following DTP immunization are more likely to have similar reactions
      upon subsequent immunization.

PMID- 3879688
TI  - [Changes in serum osteocalcin after orthopedic surgery procedures].

PMID- 3879689
TI  - Fibrin glue osteosynthesis of epiphyseal injuries.
AB  - Osteosynthesis of epiphyseal injuries by fibrin glue was tested in an experiment
      on ten dogs. In was successful in types II and III epiphyseal injuries (Salter
      and Harris) but failed in 50% of unstable type IV fractures. Plaster fixation of
      the extremity was necessary for the completion of osteosynthesis. Histology
      revealed uncomplicated bone healing. Clinical application of fibrin glue is to be
      expected primarily in the therapy of more stable type II and III epiphyseal
      injuries (Salter and Harris) with the fragments not exposed to major traction.

PMID- 3879690
TI  - Beta-lactamase as biochemical parameter of antibiotic resistance.

PMID- 3879691
TI  - HM-PAO: a new technetium-99m labelled agent for brain SPECT.

PMID- 3879692
TI  - Detection of small size hepatic hemangioma with SPECT. Case report.

PMID- 3879693
TI  - [An autopsy case of ATL with marked hypogammaglobulinemia and migrating organ
      involvement].

PMID- 3879694
TI  - [A case of lymphoblastic crisis in chronic myelogenous leukemia showing pre-T
      cell phenotype].

PMID- 3879695
TI  - Cytotoxicity of adherent mononuclear cells detached after 24 hours of culture.
AB  - During the first day of culture some of the initially adherent mononuclear cells
      detach from the monolayers. On the initial day of culture these adherent cells
      are cytolytic. However, as the cells are cultured and the detached cells are
      removed, there is a disappearance of the strong cytolytic activity seen with the
      freshly isolated adherent monocytes. In contrast, it was found that the detached
      cells continued to exhibit high cytolytic capabilities. These detached cells were
      further characterized and found to consist of 30% T lymphocytes, 22% B
      lymphocytes, 35% monocytes, and 13% dendritic cells. Following sheep red blood
      cell (RBC) rosetting, the cytotoxic cells were found in the non-rosetting
      fraction and thus were non-T lymphocytes.

PMID- 3879696
TI  - [Electroretinography and the electroretinographic dazzle test in various
      dyschromatopsias in the light of our cases].

PMID- 3879697
TI  - The quality of life in modern America and suicide and homicide rates.

PMID- 3879698
TI  - [Neonatal Haemophilus influenzae infection. Apropos of 4 cases].
AB  - Four cases of neonatal haemophilus influenzae have been reported in Intensive
      Care Unite of Timone's Hospital (Marseille) during a 2 year period. Three of the
      cases were due to non typable organism, one was a type III. Hemoculture was
      positive twice. None of the patients had meningitis. Clinically it was a neonatal
      septicemia without particularity. Prognosis is bad (50% mortality). Several
      hypothesis have been proposed to explain the increase of the frequency of this
      neonatal infection. One of the major problem is the choice and the moment of
      prescription of antibiotherapy.

PMID- 3879699
TI  - [Clinical use of various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in horses and
      cattle].

PMID- 3879700
TI  - [Transitory increase of OKT4+ lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients
      with lymphadenopathy syndrome treated with beta-interferon].
AB  - A therapeutic trial with IFN-beta (Hu. Interferon beta lyophilized, Sclavo
      S.p.A., Siena, Italy), administered thrice weekly but once monthly in six courses
      was performed for immune-modulating purposes in five parenteral drug addicts
      affected with lymphadenopathy syndrome. Each dose consisted of 12 X 10(6)
      international units I.V. Preliminary observations evidenced a significant
      increase of OKT4+ cells after the first course of therapy. No significant
      differences from the basal values, though, were found after the following
      courses, while in a control group of untreated LAS patients, a significant
      decrease of OKT4+ lymphocytes was observed. Partial remission of symptoms and/or
      reduction in size of the lymphatic masses were also achieved in all treated
      patients, although so far none of them can be considered as actually cured.

PMID- 3879701
TI  - [Effect of lithium on the immune system].

PMID- 3879702
TI  - [Colorectal adenocarcinoma in patients under 40. Report of 11 cases].

PMID- 3879703
TI  - [Behavior of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) and fasting blood glucose in normal
      subjects and in patients with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3879704
TI  - [Arterial hypertension and cerebrovascular accidents in Salvador, Bahia].

PMID- 3879706
TI  - [Anatomical causes of cor pulmonale in a university hospital in the region of
      Campinas, SP. A retrospective autopsy study].

PMID- 3879705
TI  - [Serum levels of immunoglobulins (G, A, M and E) in patients with respiratory
      allergy].

PMID- 3879707
TI  - [Drug needs in Brazil: theory and practice from 1980 to 1985].

PMID- 3879708
TI  - [Determining natamycin residues in maturing cheeses].

PMID- 3879709
TI  - [The problem of caries in the school age: a transverse study].

PMID- 3879710
TI  - Stress bleeding in rural Papua New Guineans.

PMID- 3879711
TI  - [The modulability of B-lymphocytes on hemopoiesis].

PMID- 3879713
TI  - [Hemorrhagic erosive gastritis. Therapeutic options].
AB  - There were analyzed 68 cases of erosional hemorrhagic gastritis and there
      incidence on sex and age and it was proofed that the most frequent etiologic
      causes are alcohol and acetyl salicylic acid. The employed diagnostical methods
      were evaluated, as well as radiology and endoscopy, which have shown the value of
      there precocity within the first 24 hours. The medical treatment was analysed in
      90% of the cases with good results. The applied surgical treatment was checked
      about its morbidness an mortality, thus demonstrating the poor results of
      conservative surgery.

PMID- 3879712
TI  - [Effect of thymic peptides on the mitogen-induced proliferation of murine
      thymocyte subpopulations].

PMID- 3879714
TI  - Usefulness of postoperative enzymes for diagnosis of perioperative myocardial
      infarction following aortocoronary bypass.

PMID- 3879715
TI  - [The synthesis of 1- (3',4'-dimethoxy) benzoyl-3-amido-4-substituted phenyl-2
      azetidinones and their beta-lactamase inhibition activities].

PMID- 3879716
TI  - [Ultrastructural study of the in vitro mode of action of p-chlorophenyl bis-(2
      hydroxynaphthyl)methane on Trichomonas vaginalis].

PMID- 3879717
TI  - Otitis media with effusion following inoculation of endotoxin of Haemophilus
      influenzae type B.

PMID- 3879718
TI  - The influence of otitis media with effusion on speech and language development
      and psycho-intellectual behaviour of the preschool child--results of a cross
      sectional study in 1,512 children.
AB  - To investigate the influence of otitis media with effusion (OME) on the
      psychological, social and intellectual development of preschool children, a cross
      sectional study in 1,512 apparently healthy children, aged 25-80 months,
      attending kindergarten (infant school) was performed. Tympanometry and evaluation
      of the various psychological, social and intellectual parameters by the infant
      school teacher (assisted by a sociologist) were the most important diagnostical
      tools in this study. It was demonstrated that OME had a negative influence on
      speech/language development, intelligence, attention at school, activity at
      school, manual skill and social behaviour of the 2 to 6 year old child. For
      speech and language the negative influence was most clearly demonstrated in the
      youngest age group (less than 47 months), for intelligence and activity in the
      older age groups. Early detection and appropriate treatment of OME are
      recommended to avoid these complications.

PMID- 3879719
TI  - Further observations on immunoregulation in children with chronic otitis media
      with effusion.

PMID- 3879720
TI  - Human autologous rosette-forming cells. III. Binding of erythrocytes from
      different species to the T-cell receptors for autologous red blood cells.
AB  - Spontaneous rosette formation in humans is restricted to a subpopulation of the
      circulating T cells. We have previously shown that the interaction between
      lymphocytes and autologous red blood cells (auto-RBC) is not mediated by a self
      recognition mechanism, since allogeneic (allo-) RBC bind to T cells through the
      same receptors. In this work, we have extended these observations to thymocytes.
      Using a mixed-rosette assay in which one type of erythrocyte was identified by
      FITC labeling, we have shown that almost all the thymocytes which attached auto
      RBC could also fix allo-RBC. However, as for the peripheral blood lymphocytes
      (PBL), binding of human RBC to thymocytes occurred with varying affinities
      according to the erythrocyte's origin. In order to further study the specificity
      of the erythrocyte to lymphocyte binding in rosette formation, PBL were mixed
      with auto-RBC and erythrocytes of xenogeneic (xeno-) origin. Although very
      disparate incidences of rosettes were found according to the species from which
      the RBC were derived, most of the autorosetting lymphocytes also had receptors
      for xeno-RBC. In addition, preincubation of PBL with monoclonal antibody OKT11A
      (directed against the sheep RBC receptors on T cells) completely abrogated
      rosette formation with all the erythrocytes tested (human auto- and allo-, sheep,
      pig, and rabbit) except mouse RBC. Taken together these data strongly suggest
      that human auto- or allo-, as well as sheep or some other xeno-RBC, bind to T
      lymphocytes by a single receptor and that the combining sites are expressed with
      different densities or varying affinities depending upon the RBC's origin.
      Therefore, spontaneous autorosettes may represent T lymphocytes having high
      affinity receptors for sheep RBC.

PMID- 3879721
TI  - T-cell receptor expressed on an autoreactive T-cell clone, clone 4. I. Induction
      of various T-receptor functions by anti-T idiotypic antibodies.
AB  - Three monoclonal antibodies (1G3, 2H11, and 3G12) specific for a syngeneic Ek
      specific T-cell clone, clone 4, have been established. The antibodies
      specifically blocked not only the activation of the clone in response to the
      specific antigen Ek but also the activation by IL-2. Kinetic studies of the
      blocking activity revealed that the antibodies blocked activation not only
      through steric hindrance of the antigen-binding site of the receptor but also via
      inhibition of DNA synthesis. The antibodies induced unresponsiveness of the clone
      to the specific antigen Ek, but not to nonspecific activation by IL-2. The state
      of unresponsiveness induced by 1G3 continued for 14 days, the longest time so far
      examined. The recovery from the unresponsiveness (tolerance) was not observed
      unless the clone cells proliferated vigorously in response to IL-2. The idiotope
      recognised by 1G3 was different from that by 2H11 and/or 3G12. This might explain
      some functional differences elicited by the antibodies.

PMID- 3879722
TI  - Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy.
AB  - Cornea and iris from a 58-year-old man with posterior polymorphous corneal
      dystrophy were examined by light and electron microscopy. The patient is the son
      of a woman who was reported previously to have Chandler's syndrome.
      Clinicopathologic features in the two diseases are discussed in light of
      controversies surrounding their differential diagnosis.

PMID- 3879723
TI  - The clinicopathologic significance of vitreous fluid cytology examinations in a
      series of 38 patients.
AB  - The authors systematically analyze a series of 38 patients having a total of 40
      vitreous fluid cytology determinations. Nine of the 38 patients (23.7%) have
      cytologic results diagnostic for, or at least highly suggestive of, a specific
      disease process. These include two cases of bacterial endophthalmitis; two cases
      of fungal endophthalmitis; one case of vitreal amyloidosis; and four cases called
      positive for intraocular lymphoma. There are no vitreous fluid cytology
      determinations falsely positive or falsely negative for malignancy in this
      series. Intraocular lymphoma and the increasingly important role of vitreous
      fluid cytology examination in its diagnosis are discussed. The authors conclude
      that a strong commitment to quality control concepts, including detailed clinical
      follow-up, is essential in order to develop clinician trust and help achieve
      optimal patient care benefit from this valuable diagnostic modality.

PMID- 3879725
TI  - Clinical experience with miocamycin in the treatment of respiratory tract
      infections.
AB  - The object of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and
      tolerability of miocamycin, a new macrolide antibiotic, in 86 patients with lower
      respiratory tract infections. The mean peak concentration of miocamycin was
      determined in bronchial secretions. High concentrations were recorded, in some
      cases exceeding serum levels. The pathogens were eradicated in all cases, with
      few side-effects.

PMID- 3879724
TI  - HLA, complement C2, C4, properdin factor B and glyoxalase types in South Indian
      diabetics.
AB  - A series of diabetic patients from 3 centres in South India have been tested for
      HLA A, HLA B, BF, C2, C4A, C4B and GLO types. For insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus (IDDM) patients there was a significant increase in HLA B8, of BF F and
      decrease of C4 A6. No significant variation in HLA, BF, C2 or GLO frequencies was
      found in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients, but there was
      a significant decrease in C4B 1 and an increase in C4B 2. The HLA and BF
      association in South Indian IDDM patients is very different from that reported
      previously in North India.

PMID- 3879726
TI  - Requirements for brain cell attachment, survival and growth in serum-free medium:
      effects of extracellular matrix, epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth
      factor.
AB  - Prolonged survival of dissociated brain cells in serum-free medium has required
      an incubation in medium containing serum prior to their transfer to serum-free
      medium. The aim of this study was to eliminate this serum requirement by finding
      an appropriate substratum for cell survival in a totally serum-free system.
      Several purified glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and a basal
      lamina-like ECM produced by corneal endothelial cells were tested for their
      effect on brain cell attachment and survival. Dissociated brain cells, which had
      not been exposed to serum, attached well to tissue culture plastic and to the
      complex ECM (97-98%). Attachment was slightly reduced on fibronectin and type-IV
      collagen (90-92%) and inhibited considerably by laminin, type-I-collagen and a
      surface which had been exposed to serum-containing medium. In each instance,
      attachment was reduced when cells were seeded in medium containing 2.5% fetal
      calf serum. The only culture substratum tested which promoted the survival of a
      mixed population of cells, in the absence of a serum preincubation, was the basal
      lamina-like ECM. The effect of epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth
      factor on cell survival in a serum-free system was investigated. Each hormone
      stimulated the survival and proliferation of a population of cells which
      presumably had the appropriate receptors. The relationship between the growth
      factors and ECM is discussed.

PMID- 3879727
TI  - [Massive rectal bleeding in diverticulosis of the colon].

PMID- 3879728
TI  - Increase of epidermal growth factor-stimulated cell-cycle progression and
      induction of thermotolerance by heat shock: temperature and time relationship.
AB  - When quiescent confluent cultures were incubated at increased temperature and
      then incubated at 37 degrees C prior to a second increase of temperature (46
      degrees C) it appeared that heat-induced morphological alteration and ability to
      proliferate could be influenced by the previous thermal history of the cells.
      Incubations for 20 min in a temperature range of 41-46 degrees C caused cells to
      develop thermo-tolerance within 3 h of incubation at 37 degrees C. Confluent
      quiescent Swiss mouse 3T3 cells were incubated at 41.8, 43.7 or 45.6 degrees C
      and then reincubated at 37 degrees C to determine the effects of heat shock on
      the mitogenic effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF). Preincubation at 43.7
      degrees C or 45.6 degrees C enhanced stimulation of G1-S progression by EGF.
      Preincubation at 43.7 degrees C markedly increased the rate at which cells enter
      the S phase without changing the length of the lag phase. A comparison of the
      duration of incubation at 43.7 degrees C for potentiation of EGF-induced DNA
      synthesis and that for induction of thermotolerance showed that a similar time
      interval for induction of effect could be implied.

PMID- 3879729
TI  - Humoral and cellular immunological abnormalities in hypertensive patients.
AB  - A high frequency of immunological disturbances were recorded in 19 mild and 23
      malignant hypertensive patients. IgG levels were raised in patients who survived
      a malignant phase of hypertension. We also found increased frequency of
      autoantibodies (26% vs. 9% in controls), increased T-lymphocyte reactivity
      against arterial-wall antigens (p = 0.001), a significant frequency of low
      responders to PHA (p = 0.003), and a statistically significant correlation (p =
      0.031) between the presence of autoantibodies and T-cell hyper-reactivity against
      arterial antigens in mild hypertensive patients. We suggest that these
      abnormalities might be relevant in the pathogenesis of some hypertensive
      conditions. Autoantibody production is likely to be correlated with a
      predisposition to hypertension through some autoimmune mechanisms.

PMID- 3879731
TI  - Breastfeeding, infant health, and socioeconomic status.

PMID- 3879730
TI  - Fluids and powders: options for infant feeding.

PMID- 3879732
TI  - [Analgesia by percutaneous electric stimulation in urologic endoscopy].

PMID- 3879733
TI  - A revised analysis of the role of efference in motion perception.
AB  - The analysis of motion perception historically has included efferent as well as
      afferent mechanisms to account for the perception of motion during eye movement.
      The application of efferent mechanisms to motion perception has been limited,
      however, by several illusions which are apparently inconsistent with the notion
      that oculomotor mechanisms contribute to motion perception. An alternative
      account is presented of the manner in which efference may contribute to the
      perception of motion. It is proposed that distinct smooth eye-movement systems
      contribute differentially to object motion perception. Specifically, activity in
      the smooth pursuit system gives rise to the perception of object motion, whereas
      activity in the smooth component of reflexive eye movements does not. Tracking of
      a moving object results in object motion perception as a result of efference in
      the pursuit system. However, the pursuit system may be activated to oppose the
      smooth component of reflexive eye movements in order to preserve fixation on a
      stationary object. In such cases neither the fixated object nor the eye is moving
      but illusory movement results from the efference in the pursuit system. A number
      of illusory movement phenomena are interpreted in terms of this model.

PMID- 3879734
TI  - A study of the distribution of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-de-ethylase activity in human
      placental subcellular fractions.
AB  - Human placental homogenates from maternal smokers and non-smokers were
      fractionated using differential centrifugation techniques. Yields of the various
      subfractions were determined and their homogeneity assessed using electron
      microscopic procedures. The distribution and response of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-de
      ethylase activity towards inhibition by dimethylsulphoxide, alpha-naphthoflavone
      and 9-hydroxyellipticine inhibitors in the placental subfractions were
      investigated. The low yield of microsomal protein obtained following differential
      centrifugation of placental homogenates (2.5 +/- 0.2 mg protein per g placenta)
      highlights the extremely refractory nature of human placental tissue towards
      homogenization. Enzymic studies showed that the majority (75 per cent) of the
      original O-de-ethylase activity in homogenates from smokers and non-smokers was
      to be found in the crude nuclear fraction. The 7-ethoxycoumarin O-de-ethylase
      activity present in both homogenate and crude nuclear preparations from a
      maternal smoker was found to be inhibited by both alpha-naphthoflavone and 9
      hydroxyellipticine to a lesser extent than the O-de-ethylase activity which was
      present in both mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. While this observation
      suggests the existence of more than one induced O-de-ethylase activity in the
      human placenta, the possibility that such differences in inhibitory response may
      be due to other factors (e.g. inhibitor solubility effects) cannot be excluded.
      Studies using the above inhibitors also confirmed the results of earlier work by
      demonstrating that the O-de-ethylase activity in placental homogenates and
      subfractions from non-smokers is qualitatively different from the O-de-ethylase
      activities induced as a result of maternal smoking.

PMID- 3879735
TI  - [Tumor hypercalcemia].

PMID- 3879736
TI  - [Quantification of serum alpha-1 antitrypsin as a biological marker in cancer].

PMID- 3879737
TI  - [Variations of serum alpha-1-antitrypsin in neoplastic processes].

PMID- 3879738
TI  - Treatment of established tumor by adoptive immunotherapy with specifically immune
      T cells.

PMID- 3879739
TI  - [HLA-DR in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with anti-ribonucleoprotein
      antibodies and in mixed connective tissue disease].

PMID- 3879740
TI  - [Anemia in children at 2 health centers in Recife, PE (Brazil)].

PMID- 3879741
TI  - [Gastrin and stress ulcer. Clinical study].

PMID- 3879742
TI  - Serum immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) in patients with malignant head and
      neck tumors.
AB  - Measurements were carried out on the serum immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP)
      level of patients with malignant head and neck tumors. The serum IAP value in
      patients with malignancies was significantly higher than that in healthy subjects
      and those with benign tumors. Following treatment, in cases with favorable
      progress the high IAP values prior to treatment showed a decline, becoming
      normal. Whereas in cases showing poor progress, there was a delay in reverting to
      normal values and some were observed to retain the same high values.

PMID- 3879743
TI  - Projection of secondary vestibular neurons to the abducens nucleus in the carpet
      shark Cephaloscyllium isabella.
AB  - The abducens nucleus in carpet sharks is not a discrete delimited nucleus, as the
      dendrites of the motoneurons extend into the reticular formation and the medial
      longitudinal fasciculus. Injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) designed to
      trace the inputs to these neurons are therefore difficult to confine to this
      system alone. Despite this problem a consistent finding from injection of HRP in
      the area of the abducens nucleus is the retrograde labelling of a column of cells
      in the contralateral octaval nuclei. The column of cells is predominantly in the
      ventral portion of the descending octaval nucleus, but does straddle the entrance
      of nerve VIII, extending into the caudal part of the ascending octaval nucleus.
      Labelled cells correspond in location and morphology to those cells receiving
      input from horizontal canal afferent fibers, confirming the trineuronal nature of
      the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex arc in elasmobranch fishes.

PMID- 3879744
TI  - The accessory optic system and temporal correlates of visuomotor orientation.
AB  - Surgical transection of the basal optic root in Rana pipiens leads to substantial
      increases in prey-orientation latencies for stimuli presented in the
      contralateral visual field. In general, the greater the reduction in retinal
      innervation of nBOR, the greater the postoperative increase in prey-orientation
      latencies. The results support Herrick's earlier suggestion that the accessory
      optic system may be substantially involved in early activation and temporal
      modulation of visuomotor behaviors mediated via mesencephalic circuits.

PMID- 3879745
TI  - [Adult pneumococcal meningitis. Apropos of 16 hospitalized cases in intensive
      care].

PMID- 3879746
TI  - [Three cases of postoperative hemorrhage].

PMID- 3879747
TI  - [Mediterranean boutonneuse fever. Apropos of cases observed in Sousse].
AB  - We report 5 confirmed cases of boutonneuse fever. All patients presented fever
      with a generalised maculopapular rash, and the tache noire at the site of the
      tick bite. Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole failed to cure one patient. Treatment
      with oral oxytetracycline was effective in all cases.

PMID- 3879748
TI  - [Making good use of mefloquine].

PMID- 3879749
TI  - [Candida albicans endophthalmitis in a heroin addict].

PMID- 3879750
TI  - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of systemic causes of bleeding following tooth
      extraction].

PMID- 3879751
TI  - Gentisate, a salicylate metabolite with antioxidant properties.
AB  - Concentrations of gentisate found in plasma and synovial fluid were in excess of
      concentrations required to exert an antioxidant effect in vitro. Studies of
      diphenol/aminophenols suggested that an ortho or para configuration of functional
      groups was required for this in vitro antioxidant activity. Animal studies
      indicated some correlations between in vitro activity and pharmacology of these
      agents.

PMID- 3879753
TI  - Analysis of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of rimazolium, a pyrido
      pyrimidine derivative, compared with that of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors
      and morphine.
AB  - The analgesic, anti-inflammatory and gastrointestinal effects of rimazolium,
      morphine and prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors were compared in a battery of
      tests. Rimazolium, morphine and indomethacin all inhibited carrageenin-induced
      inflammation; however, the onset of action was different. The first (histamine
      serotonin) phase was inhibited by rimazolium, the second (kinin) phase by
      morphine and the third (prostaglandin) by indomethacin. The chemoluminescence of
      leucocytes was inhibited by morphine and indomethacin but was unaffected by
      rimazolium. Prostaglandin-mediated pain (ACh, ATP, acetic acid writhing) was
      inhibited by all three types of compound; however, pain reaction where
      prostaglandins (PGs) are not involved (MgSO4 writhing) was inhibited by
      rimazolium and morphine, but not (or only slightly) by PG synthesis inhibitors.
      Gastric lesions produced by indomethacin were depressed by rimazolium and
      aggravated by morphine. These results suggest different mechanisms of anti
      inflammatory and analgesic action of rimazolium, morphine and PG synthesis
      inhibitors.

PMID- 3879752
TI  - The analgesic and anti-inflammatory profile of ketorolac and its tromethamine
      salt.
AB  - Ketorolac tromethamine[(+/-)-5(benzoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1N-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic
      acid tris hydroxymethylaminomethane salt] is a highly potent member of a new
      class of compounds having analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. When given
      orally in tests involving underlying inflammation it was a potent analgesic,
      whereas it was inactive in tests for narcotic activity. It was also highly active
      orally in rat models of acute and chronic inflammation and pyresis. These
      properties are mediated primarily via the compound's potent prostaglandin
      cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity. The agent elicited mild CNS and
      cardiovascular activity only at doses far in excess of those required for
      analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. A single 10 mg tablet given orally to
      human volunteers following surgery provided pain relief equivalent to that
      provided by 10 mg of morphine given intramuscularly. When given intramuscularly
      to rabbits (0.25 ml of a 0.31-5% solution) or man (3 ml of a 1-3% solution), no
      drug-related irritation or changes in creatine phosphokinase were seen. Solutions
      (less than or equal to 0.5%) applied to the eyes of animals and man were not
      irritating. When applied topically in rat and rabbit models of ocular
      inflammation, less than or equal to 0.5% solutions of ketorolac tromethamine
      inhibited the inflammatory response.

PMID- 3879755
TI  - [Antimicrobial activity of a douche containing ketoconazole].

PMID- 3879754
TI  - [Antimicrobial activity of nifuratel].

PMID- 3879756
TI  - [Monitoring the incidence of fungal flora in polytransfused hemophiliacs].

PMID- 3879757
TI  - Cellular immune profile and T-lymphocyte blocking factors in cancer of the head
      and neck and their prognostic significance.

PMID- 3879758
TI  - Self-injurious bleeding per rectum.

PMID- 3879759
TI  - Preferential paternal transmission of the diabetogenic supratype marked by HLA
      B18 BfF1 DR3.
AB  - Examination of transmission of the diabetogenic supratype B18 BfF1 DR3 revealed
      that this supratype is inherited more frequently than expected from fathers.
      These data suggest an explanation for increased susceptibility to development and
      earlier onset of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in offspring of diabetic
      fathers.

PMID- 3879760
TI  - [Myocardial positron computed tomography using N-13 ammonia for evaluating
      coronary artery disease: comparison with thallium-201 emission computed
      tomography].
AB  - To assess myocardial perfusion in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), N
      13 ammonia positron computed tomography (PCT) was performed for 32 cases, and the
      PCT images were compared with those of single-photon emission computed tomography
      (SPECT) using thallium-201. Myocardial perfusion images were obtained with a
      whole-body multislice PCT device following the intravenous injection of 10 to 20
      mCi N-13 ammonia at rest (32 cases) and during exercise (23 cases). Eleven cases
      underwent serial 15-20 second dynamic studies immediately following the N-13
      ammonia injection. Serial dynamic study showed the blood-pool images in the first
      scan, and enabled assessment of tracer washout from the blood-pool, and the lung
      as well as washin into the myocardium. PCT provided clear resting myocardial
      perfusion images in all cases. PCT images were of higher quality than those of
      SPECT due to higher spatial resolution with less statistical noise, allowing
      delineation of the right ventricular myocardium and papillary muscles in many
      cases. Both PCT and SPECT detected perfusion abnormalities in 18 of the 19 cases
      with myocardial infarction, without false positive findings. PCT yielded stress
      myocardial images and permitted comparative evaluations of myocardial perfusions
      at rest and during exercise in all 23 cases. Perfusion abnormalities were
      detected in 14 cases (74%) at rest and in 18 cases (95%) during exercise among 19
      patients with CAD. No false positives were observed, either by resting or stress
      PCT imaging. Stress myocardial PCT identified regional perfusion abnormalities in
      30 of the 34 regions supplied by stenosed vessels (88%). High resolution PCT
      images enabled precise evaluation of myocardial perfusions which proved valuable
      for assessing myocardial perfusions before and after aorto-coronary bypass
      surgery. The present study proved advantages of N-13 ammonia PCT in creating
      three-dimensional high resolution images of the myocardium, which facilitates
      precise evaluation of myocardial perfusions. Furthermore, its potential
      capabilities in quantifying coronary reserve function will be very useful. This
      method should provide valuable pathophysiological information for CAD, as well as
      for metabolic PCT imaging.

PMID- 3879761
TI  - [Three-dimensional image processing for analysis of ventricular wall motion].
AB  - Three-dimensional data processing was developed for single photon computed
      tomographic imaging of the multigated blood pool with Tc-99m labelled red blood
      cells. A gamma camera (ZLC-7500; Siemens) was rotated from the left posterior
      oblique (LPO 45 degrees) to the right anterior oblique (RAO 45 degrees)
      projections at intervals of 180 degrees/32. Data were collected at each part for
      one to two minutes, and the number of gates per beat was 12 to 20, depending on
      the patient. Three-dimensional transaxial images of the heart were reconstructed
      by the filtered back projection method without attenuation correction. A Shepp &
      Logan filter was used for the convolution filter. Short-axial images were
      reconstructed from the transaxial images. Using the equicount level method, the
      contours of both ventricles at each short-axial cross-section image were
      determined automatically with 50% levels of the maximum counts. Each contour line
      was smoothed to the fifth order of Fourier function after conversion from (x-y)
      coordinates to (r-theta) polar coordinates with respect to the center of the
      area. Each contour line, converted again into (x-y) coordinates, was drawn
      successively on a color CRT at constant intervals and inclinations in order to
      display the ventricles three-dimensionally. It is possible to display
      simultaneously on a CRT the right and left ventricles or two types of cardiac
      disease. It is also possible to depict superimposed images of end-diastolic and
      end-systolic ventricles. Three cases including a normal control, one with old
      inferior infarction and one with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) were
      examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3879762
TI  - Binocularly driven neurons in the rostral part of the frog optic tectum.
AB  - Receptive field (RF) properties of binocular neurons lying in the rostral part of
      the optic tectum of the frog (Rana esculenta) were studied electrophysiologically
      using conventional visual stimuli. They were classified into five groups: group 1
      neurons have indefinite RF; group 2 neurons are total-field (T6) neurons; group 3
      neurons have RFs covering a quadrant of the frontal visual field; group 4 neurons
      resemble T1(1) and T1(3) subclasses described earlier; and finally group 5
      neurons look like small-field binocular neurons and are called T7(B). Moreover,
      RF disparity measurements conducted in all groups suggest that group 4 neurons
      support the estimation of binocular distance. This problem is discussed.

PMID- 3879763
TI  - Sensory transduction in dorsal cutaneous mechanoreceptors of the frog, Rana
      pipiens.
AB  - Sensory transduction was studied in dorsal skin mechanoreceptors of the frog,
      Rana pipiens. The skin was clamped and stretched before being stimulated with the
      tip of a glass rod mounted on a servo-controlled loudspeaker. Afferent activity
      was recorded extracellularly from a dorsal cutaneous nerve. Three groups of
      sensory units could be identified by the size of their recorded action potentials
      and their response to mechanical stimuli. Action potential amplitudes for the
      three groups were: less than 50 microV (group I), 50-250 microV (group II) and
      greater than 300 microV (group III). Group II were selected for further study
      because of their amplitude and their resistance to fatigue. Three types of
      mechanical stimuli were used to examine the dynamic properties of group II
      receptors, steps, sinusoids, and band-limited random displacement. In each case
      the responses could be well fitted by a power-law model with a fractional
      exponent of time or frequency. Random stimulation of a large number of group II
      receptors showed considerable variability in their sensitivity and in their
      dynamic behavior, as measured by the fractional exponent of frequency. However,
      the distributions of these two parameters were both unimodal and strongly
      clustered around the modes, suggesting that the recordings were from a single
      class of receptors. Varying the temperature of the receptors had little effect on
      their sensitivity or dynamic properties. This is in contrast to findings on other
      mechanoreceptors. Doubling the potassium concentration in the bathing solution
      affected the dynamic properties of the receptors within 5 min but several
      distinct patterns of change in dynamic behavior were seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3879765
TI  - Endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices.

PMID- 3879764
TI  - Cell-to-cell fusion of lens fiber cells in situ: correlative light, scanning
      electron microscopic, and freeze-fracture studies.
AB  - We have discovered cell-to-cell fusion between fiber cells of adult frog lenses
      in situ. Stereo scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed fusion between
      neighboring fiber cells in radial cell columns (RCCs) and in the same growth
      ring, respectively. Cell-to-cell fusion of fiber cells in the lens produced
      fusion zones that in cross-section were larger and of different polygonal shapes
      than unfused fiber cells. The shape and sizes of fiber cells surrounding fusion
      zones and the alignment of RCCs were also altered. Serial sectioning through
      fusion zones confirmed that they were areas of cell-to-cell continuity
      established by the union of neighboring fiber cells as seen by SEM. Fusion zones
      represent a previously unrecognized intercellular pathway in the adult frog lens.
      Although numerous fusion zones were seen throughout the lens cortex and nucleus,
      cell-to-cell fusion was rarely observed to have occurred between elongating fiber
      cells. Interestingly, communicating junctions with an unusual ultrastructure that
      closely resembles the appearance of membranes in the process of fusion
      demonstrated in other systems were frequently seen in the region of the
      superficial cortex where fusion zones were most numerous. The fact that such
      unusual communicating junctions were not found in any other region of the lens
      leads us to speculate that structural changes in fiber cell communicating
      junctions may herald the formation of fusion zones and that the initial site of
      cell-to-cell fusion between fiber cells may be within communicating junctional
      plaques.

PMID- 3879766
TI  - In vivo micro application of adrenaline to capillaries in frog mesentery.
AB  - In-vivo studies were carried out on frog mesentery in order to determine the
      precise and specific actions of micropipette application of adrenaline on
      arterioles, precapillary sphincters and capillaries. A technique was employed,
      using liquid paraffin and micropipettes to deliver droplets to a particular
      microvessel; the droplets varied between 10-20 microns in diameter. All vessel
      types, including segments of capillaries, demonstrated constrictor responses to
      the local application of adrenaline. The time course of these constrictor events
      varied with the vessel type, with the sphincter being the most rapid in response.

PMID- 3879767
TI  - Interleukin 1 regulates human metallothionein gene expression.
AB  - Incubation of cultured human cells with interleukin 1 leads to increased
      expression of the human metallothionein-IIA gene. Recently, metallothionein has
      been shown to be an efficient free radical scavenger, and induction by
      interleukin 1 may be part of a protective response to minimize damage by hydroxyl
      radicals.

PMID- 3879768
TI  - Virus deletion mutants that affect a 3' splice site in the E3 transcription unit
      of adenovirus 2.
AB  - Five viable virus mutants were constructed with deletions near a 3' splice site
      located at nucleotide 2157 in the E3 transcription unit of adenovirus 2. The
      mutants were examined for splicing activity at the 2157 3' splice site in vivo by
      nuclease-gel analysis of steady-state cytoplasmic mRNA. Splicing was not
      prevented by an exon deletion (dl719) that leaves 16 5'-proximal exon nucleotides
      intact or by intron deletions that leave 34 (dl717, dl712) or 18 (dl716) 3'
      proximal intron nucleotides intact. The sequences deleted in one of these intron
      mutants (dl716) include the putative branchpoint site used in lariat formation
      during splicing. Thus, a surrogate branchpoint site apparently can be used for
      splicing. Another intron mutant (dl714) has a deletion that leaves 15 3'-proximal
      intron nucleotides intact; remarkably, this deletion virtually abolished
      splicing, even though the deletion is only 3 nucleotides closer to the splice
      site than is the deletion in dl716 which splices normally. The three nucleotides
      deleted in dl714 that are retained by dl716 are the sequence TGT. The TGT
      sequence is located on the 5' boundary of the pyrimidine-rich region upstream of
      the nucleotide 2157 3' splice site. Such pyrimidine-rich regions are ubiquitous
      at 3' splice sites. Most likely, the TGT is required for splicing at the
      nucleotide 2157 3' splice site. The TGT may be important because of its specific
      sequence or because it forms the 5' boundary of the pyrimidine-rich region.

PMID- 3879769
TI  - [Gingival bleeding and motivation].

PMID- 3879770
TI  - [Isolation of a mutant (PrtA2) of Haemophilus influenzae using protoporphyrin
      IX].

PMID- 3879771
TI  - [Health care in the metropolitan region: comparison of 1977 and 1983 surveys].

PMID- 3879772
TI  - [Comparative study of 2 technics of sclerotherapy for esophageal varices in
      patients with portal hypertension].

PMID- 3879773
TI  - [Glanzmann's disease: diagnostic study of 6 patients].

PMID- 3879774
TI  - The demonstration of the spindle fiber attachments in the amphibian liver and
      sperm nuclei by the sera from scleroderma patients.
AB  - The isolated liver nuclei and the mature sperm nuclei from Rana nigromaculata and
      Bufo bufo asiaticus had been investigated by indirect immunofluorescence method
      with anti serum specific to the spindle fiber attachments (SFAs) from the
      scleroderma patients with CREST syndrome. It was found that in the isolated liver
      nuclei and the mature sperm nuclei of these animals there are discrete speckles
      which bind the antibody specific to the SFAs. The maximum number of these
      speckles counted in a single sperm nuclei of the frog corresponds with the
      haploid chromosome number of this animal (n = 13). The haploid chromosome
      complement of the toad is 11 and the maximum number of the speckles counted in a
      single sperm nucleus of this species is also 11. These findings suggest that the
      scleroderma serum can be used to identify the SFAs of the amphibias and the
      antigens of SFAs are conserved in the mature sperms of these animals. The
      implication of these conclusions is discussed.

PMID- 3879776
TI  - [Changes of 3H-5-HT in the mesencephalon aqueduct and periaqueductal gray matter
      in the process of acupuncture analgesia].

PMID- 3879775
TI  - [Analgesic effect of electroacupuncture and morphine antagonized by a
      microinjection of calcium ions into the habenula or periaqueductal gray of the
      rabbit].

PMID- 3879777
TI  - [Studies on the activity of T lymphocyte ANAE and phagocytic function of the
      macrophages in cancer patients].

PMID- 3879778
TI  - [Use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in detection of antibodies against
      double-stranded DNA in sera of patients with systemic lu]us erythematous].

PMID- 3879779
TI  - Effects of ketoconazole on rat testicular steroidogenic enzymatic activities.
AB  - Ketoconazole (K) is an antifungal imidazole derivative which has been shown to be
      a potent inhibitor of testosterone (T) biosynthesis in rodents and humans. To
      study the effect of K on rat testicular steroidogenesis we measured the
      activities of five testicular microsomal steroidogenic enzymes in K-treated rats
      and controls. Thirty male adult rats were given either 2 mg K or water every 12
      hours by mouth during 5 days. Mean testicular weight was similar in both groups
      of animals. The K-treated group had a T serum concentration of 83 +/- 14 ng/dL
      whereas it was 94 +/- 16 ng/dL in the control group (NS). The K-treated animals
      had decreased activities of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (830 +/- 48
      vs 2,245 +/- 109 pmol/mg protein/min, P less than 0.001), 17-hydroxylase (243 +/-
      5 vs 676 +/- 17 pmol/mg protein/min, P less than 0.001), 17-ketosteroid reductase
      (31 +/- 2 vs 169 +/- 7 pmol/mg protein/min, P less than 0.001), and aromatase
      enzymes (92 +/- 6 vs 123 +/- 7 pmol/mg protein/min, P less than 0.01). The 17,20
      desmolase activity was similar in both groups of animals (210 +/- 4 vs 171 +/- 18
      pmol/mg protein/min). We conclude that K given orally to rats inhibits the
      activity of several testicular steroidogenic enzymes.

PMID- 3879780
TI  - [Prevention of secondary caries and gingivitis caused by fillings].

PMID- 3879781
TI  - Ex vivo model of hemodialysis membrane biocompatibility.

PMID- 3879782
TI  - Is the dialysate fluid source of complement activating factors?
AB  - To distinguish between membrane-induced and dialysate-induced mechanism of
      complement activation attending hemodialysis (HD), the C3a plasma level and blood
      neutrophil count profiles have been determined during procedures performed with
      noncellulosic membranes, as PAN and PMMA (with minimal complement-activating
      potential) and, by comparison, with new cuprophane (that displays the greatest
      complement-activating potential). Furthermore, PAN and PMMA membranes have been
      used in 2 other blood purification methods: high efficiency hemofiltration
      (HEHF), in which there is no dialysate on the other side of the membrane, and
      hemofiltration without substitution fluid and with reinfusion of dialysis
      regenerated hemofiltrate (HWSF), in which the dialysate is separated from the
      blood circuit by the hemofiltrate circuit. In addition, sequential dialysis
      ultrafiltration (UFD) experiments with PAN membranes have been performed, where
      dialysate was present only in the second part of the procedure. In all the HD and
      UFD procedures LAL test assays were performed on dialysate at the same times as
      C3a and neutrophil determinations. Our findings seem to suggest that the
      dialysate can be a source of complement activating factors; complement activation
      detectable by C3a plasma levels can ensue when LAL test-positive material is
      present in the dialysate.

PMID- 3879783
TI  - [Enhanced expression of human natural killer (NK) cell activity by modulated
      human macrophages].

PMID- 3879784
TI  - [A preliminary study on the mechanism of in vitro modulation of mouse peritoneal
      activated macrophages].

PMID- 3879785
TI  - Five-year prospective studies of the dynamics of B, T and null lymphocyte cell
      count in infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 3879787
TI  - [Diagnostic and prognostic significance of chromatic syndromes in diabetes].

PMID- 3879786
TI  - [Iatrogenic injuries in operative endoscopy of the digestive tract].

PMID- 3879788
TI  - Bioengineering changes in spastic cerebral palsy groups following cerebellar
      stimulation.
AB  - Quantitative bioengineering tests were performed on 30 spastic cerebral palsy
      (CP) patients who underwent chronic cerebellar stimulation (CCS) using the fully
      implantable pulse generator (Neurolith 601, 1.1-1.8 microC/cm2/phase). Using
      respiratory inductive plethysmography to measure 8 patients with paroxysmal
      and/or ataxic breathing patterns, 5 were shown to revert to normal with 3 others
      markedly improved within 5 months of CCS. Compliance testing of the ankle was
      performed on 4 patients who showed improvement in 9 of the 16 tests performed.
      Motor performance ability was evaluated with 9 comprehensive tests in 17
      patients. Following 1-2 weeks of CCS, 52% showed performance increases greater
      than 10%, increasing to 62% during the first year.

PMID- 3879789
TI  - Pain relief following stimulation of the pontomesencephalic parabrachial region
      in humans: brain sites for nonopiate-mediated pain control.
AB  - It has been demonstrated that stimulation of the pontomesencephalic parabrachial
      region (PBR) by microinjection of cholinergic drugs or electricity in the cat
      produces potent pain suppression which is not antagonized by the opiate
      antagonist, naloxone. We report the application of electrical PBR stimulation in
      2 patients whose pain was resistant to conventional methods of treatment
      including morphine administration. Intermittent use of low-frequency PBR
      stimulation was found to relieve pain in these patients. The present results
      appear to suggest that PBR stimulation, unlike periaqueductal gray stimulation,
      may be useful for the control of morphine-resistant pain in humans.

PMID- 3879790
TI  - An experimental model of deafferented pain in the cat.
AB  - Deafferentation hyperactivity, produced unilaterally in the neurons of the
      subnucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STNcd) in cats by left
      Gasserian ganglionectomy, was studied neurochemically and electrophysiologically.
      Analysis of neuronal activities on both sides of the STNcd was done 11-63 days
      after the denervation. On the denervated side, 37 (57%) of the 65 neurons
      identified showed deafferentation hyperactivity. Continuous and spontaneous
      firing of these hyperactive neurons were inhibited neither by the
      intraventricular administration of morphine or enkephalinamide nor by the
      electrical stimulation of periaqueductal gray. In contrast, the facilitation of
      the pain perceptive neuronal activities in the STNcd of the nondenervated side
      was remarkably inhibited, both by the administration of the same drugs and by
      periaqueductal gray stimulation. The deafferentation hyperactivity produced in
      this experiment in the STNcd of the denervated side might have a close
      physiological relationship to the deafferented pain of clinical patients.

PMID- 3879791
TI  - Problems with retrogasserian glycerol in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.
AB  - Following glycerol injections for trigeminal neuralgia. Hakanson, Lunsford,
      Apfelbaum, Beck and Lobosky and Dieckmann, among others, report that few patients
      have sensory loss and dysesthesia and a high percentage have sustained gratifying
      relief. Such was not our experience or that of Laitinen, Price, Siegfried, or
      Takusagawa, among others. Our own disappointing results re initial failures to
      achieve relief, significant sensory loss including corneal anesthesia and some
      dysesthesias in 77 patients are described.

PMID- 3879792
TI  - Effectiveness of radiofrequency thermocoagulation in recurrent trigeminal
      neuralgia after previous retrogasserian rhizotomy.
AB  - Between 1974 and 1984, 428 trigeminal neuralgia cases were treated by controlled
      radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC). 29 had recurrent trigeminal neuralgia
      after intracranial surgery. 26 of the 29 patients were treated by retrogasserian
      rhizotomy and 3 by posterior fossa exploration. Among the 26 recurrent trigeminal
      neuralgia following retrogasserian rhizotomy, RFTC was effective in 23 cases
      (88.5%), and in 3 cases (11.5%) RFTC was effective for a short period. Repeated
      RFTC was unable to control the pain attacks which were later relieved by
      posterior fossa exploration and root section. Of the 3 recurrent trigeminal
      neuralgia following posterior fossa exploration, RFTC was effective in 2 cases
      (66.6%).

PMID- 3879793
TI  - Therapeutic protocol in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.
AB  - The ideal treatment of trigeminal neuralgia is still an open question. A recent
      large series reporting the results from the three available percutaneous
      techniques has been reviewed. Fifty consecutive cases, treated from January 1984
      to January 1985, are reported. Microcompression was performed as the first
      approach in all cases. The other techniques were adopted only in case of failure
      of microcompression.

PMID- 3879794
TI  - Spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of spasmodic torticollis.
AB  - This report presents our observations in 63 patients undergoing chronic spinal
      cord stimulation for treatment of spasmodic torticollis. In this series there
      were 23 patients (36.5%) who demonstrated marked improvement, characterized by no
      evidence of torticollis, full range of motility of the head and neck and no pain.
      Moderate improvement was found in 20 patients (31.8%) who showed minimal residual
      torticollis, but had full motility and no pain. There were 5 patients (7.9%)
      considered mildly improved who demonstrated decrease in their torticollic
      position, spasms and pain, but retained some element of torticollis and/or some
      limitation of motility. Correlations were made demonstrating the effect on the
      results of age, sex, electrode array, the configuration of the applied field and
      the parameters of stimulation.

PMID- 3879795
TI  - Bipolar spinal cord stimulation for spasmodic torticollis.
AB  - Four years' experience with electrical stimulation of the cervical cord is
      reported for 18 patients suffering from spasmodic torticollis. Permanent 1,100-Hz
      stimulation of the C2-C4 level resulted in a marked improvement in 50% of the
      patients, in a satisfactory result in 27.8% and in an unsatisfactory result in
      22.2%. Muscular tension and related pain were reduced within 8 days to 4 months
      postoperatively. A measurable improvement of head posture rendered objective by a
      mechanoelectrical measuring device could only be observed after a continuous
      stimulation over 8-12 months. The procedure is nondestructive and reversible,
      complications consisted only in those related to the stimulation system itself.

PMID- 3879796
TI  - Phrenic nerve stimulation (diaphragm pacing) in respiratory paralysis.
AB  - Phrenic nerve stimulators (diaphragm pacers) were implanted in 16 patients with
      partial or total respiratory insufficiency due to high cervical medullary lesions
      and brain stem lesions (14 cases) or central hypoventilation syndrome (2 cases).
      At 5-72 months' follow-up (M = 35) 12 patients are entirely independent of
      conventional respirator, 2 of them after 8 years of total respirator dependency.
      Two patients are dead and the final 2 cases had limited help from diaphragm
      pacing.

PMID- 3879797
TI  - Preliminary report on the use of fetal tissue transplantation to correct MPTP
      induced Parkinson-like syndrome in primates.
AB  - A Parkinson-like syndrome was produced in nonhuman primates and successfully
      reversed through transplantation of heterologous fetal mesencephalic brain
      tissue. Rigidity and bradykinesia were induced by the chronic administration of N
      methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Once the deficits were fixed, Macaca
      mulatta with well-developed Parkinson-like behavior received fetal mesencephalic
      cell preparations stereotactically implanted into multiple sites of the head of
      the caudate bilaterally. Both animals demonstrated a normalization of CSF L-dopa
      and significant improvement in observed activity. The neuropathological studies
      performed 2 months following transplantation demonstrated successful integration
      of fetal cells in the caudate.

PMID- 3879798
TI  - Influence of spinal cord stimulation on peripheral blood flow.
AB  - In 27 vasculopathic and 9 nonvasculopathic patients who underwent spinal cord
      stimulation to treat pain in lower extremities, Doppler recordings and
      thermography were used to study peripheral blood flow changes during stimulation.
      Generally, poststimulation pain relief coincided with a improvement of Doppler
      recording, a normalization of morphology and increase of pulse wave amplitude,
      and a rise of skin temperature in the painful area.

PMID- 3879799
TI  - Electrical stimulation of the cervical spinal cord increases cerebral blood flow
      in humans.
AB  - Ten patients were studied to determine the effect of spinal cord stimulation on
      CBF. In 5 patients using a cervical spinal cord stimulator, the stimulation
      produced a significant increase in CBF in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the
      induced paresthesia. Thoracic cord stimulation, used by the other 5 patients, had
      no effect on CBF. Atropine had no effect on the alteration in CBF produced by
      cervical cord stimulation. Indomethacin, however, partially blocked the effect.
      These heuristic observations may have implications for the future treatment of
      cerebrovascular insufficiency in humans.

PMID- 3879800
TI  - [Clinical considerations in a case of eosinophilic granuloma located in the
      mandible].

PMID- 3879801
TI  - [Functional aspects of Langerhans cells in the oral mucosa].

PMID- 3879802
TI  - Aspirin and post-surgical haemorrhage.

PMID- 3879803
TI  - Antinuclear antibodies in the investigation of rheumatic diseases.

PMID- 3879804
TI  - Cellular requirements for antigen processing by antigen-presenting cells:
      evidence for different pathways in forming the same antigenic determinants.
AB  - In this report we examined the antigen-presenting cell (APC) requirements for
      activation of T-cell hybridomas specific for the protein antigen PPD (purified
      protein derivative of tuberculin). During the course of these studies we observed
      that glutaraldehyde fixation of Ia-positive A20.2JAD (A20) and P388D1 stimulator
      cells had different effects on T-cell activation. A20 cells fixed with
      glutaraldehyde stimulated the T cells in the presence of PPD as efficiently as
      nonfixed A20 cells. By contrast, glutaraldehyde treatment of Ia-positive P388D1
      cells dramatically inhibited their ability to process and/or present PPD to T
      cells. This was not due to nonspecific effects on the P388D1 cells since cells
      prepulsed with PPD prior to glutaraldehyde treatment stimulated T cells as
      efficiently as non-glutaraldehyde-treated P388D1 cells. In addition, there was no
      apparent difference in "fixing" of the two cell types as determined by the uptake
      of radiolabeled thymidine. These observations suggested that P388D1, but not A20,
      cells required PPD internalization to form the relevant antigenic determinants.
      This was substantiated by showing that treatment of P388D1 cells with chloroquine
      prior to PPD pulsing eliminated their stimulatory capacity, but had no effect on
      P388D1 cells previously pulsed with PPD. Chloroquine treatment had no effect on
      stimulation by A20 cells. Since PPD internalization appeared not to be required
      for presentation by A20 cells, we next determined if isolated A20 plasma
      membranes would substitute for the intact cell. We observed that the isolated
      plasma membranes from PPD-pulsed A20 cells stimulated the T hybridoma cells, and
      that this stimulation was antigen-specific and was inhibited by anti-Ia
      monoclonal antibodies. Taken together, the results presented here suggest that
      for the PPD-specific T-cell responses examined here, different APC utilize
      distinct pathways to present the same antigenic determinant for T-cell
      recognition.

PMID- 3879805
TI  - Idiotypic analysis of anti-I-Ak monoclonal antibodies. III. T- and B-cell
      responses to anti-Ia idiotopes are not modulated by syngeneic anti-idiotypic
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - To investigate whether anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies activate T cells
      either directly or indirectly, we examined the ability of syngeneic anti-Id
      monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to regulate idiotype (Id) expression, antigen
      binding antibody production, and T-cell reactivity to antigen. Our idiotypic
      system consists of an anti-I-A mAb that carries an infrequently expressed Id.
      Using three syngeneic anti-Id mAbs (Ab2), we previously defined the idiotype of
      the 11-5.2.1.9 (11-5) anti-I-Ak mAb. Two of these mAbs, IIID1 and IA2, recognize
      the same or closely related epitopes on 11-5 and cross react with two additional
      anti-I-Ak mAbs, 8B and 39J; the third anti-Id mAb, VC6, recognizes a distinct
      epitope shared by 11-5 and 8B. In the present study, BALB/c (H-2d) mice were
      primed with varying doses of these anti-Ids and were then boosted with C3H (H-2k)
      spleen cells. Among 130 such primed mice, the syngeneic anti-Ids when tested at
      priming doses between 10 ng and 10 micrograms were unable to induce Id
      production. The priming anti-Id mAbs persisted in the serum of the mice and were
      detectable as late as 40 days after priming. Ab1 expression was not modulated in
      BALB/c mice immunized with KLH-coupled Ab2, however, this immunization elicited
      the production of Ab3 which shared idiotypes with 11-5, 8B, and 39J. BALB/c anti
      C3H alloreactive T-cell clones were also not induced by anti-Id priming, nor
      could they be shown to bind directly to the three Ab2 used. Nevertheless, the
      proliferative response of one anti-I-Ak specific T-cell clone that recognizes the
      same epitope as 11-5, 8B, and 39J, was inhibited by the IIID1 and IA2 Ab2. Thus,
      a T cell can express an idiotype shared by a B cell, but the linked recognition
      of an Id-associated carrier determinant(s) by an alloreactive T cell is required
      to elicit an anti-Id antibody response. These results favor the possibility that
      the activation of T cells is not dependent upon their ability to bind to anti-Id,
      but rather on their capacity to respond to epitopes of Id-anti-Id antigen
      antibody complexes formed on B cells.

PMID- 3879806
TI  - Anti-immunoglobulin stimulation of human B lymphocytes is inhibited by anti-class
      II major histocompatibility complex antibodies.
AB  - The effect of murine monoclonal antibodies binding monomorphic epitopes of Class
      II, HLA-DR molecules on responding human B lymphocytes stimulated by anti
      immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies was studied. Goat F(ab')2 anti-human IgM
      coupled to Sepharose beads (insoluble), or in solution, was added to macrophage
      depleted B cells in culture with, or without, anti-human HLA-DR monoclonal
      antibodies. The addition of monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibodies to anti-human IgM
      stimulated B lymphocytes inhibited this T-independent B-cell proliferation by 82
      94%. The role of Class II, HLA-DR molecules on B cells may therefore exceed that
      of antigen presentation alone, to include responding B-cell activation induced by
      anti-immunoglobulin.

PMID- 3879807
TI  - Anti-Sm autoantibodies in MRL mice: analysis of precursor frequency.
AB  - Individual MRL-lpr mice vary in their capacity to generate anti-Sm autoantibodies
      spontaneously. We have compared the frequency of B-cell precursors for this
      autoantibody in serologically negative and serologically positive MRL-lpr mice,
      and in normals. Anti-Sm precursors were present in a frequency of approximately 1
      per 10-30,000 in spleen cell cultures from anti-Sm positive mice, but were
      undetectable when spleen cells from serologically negative MRL-lpr mice or from
      normal mice were examined. Despite LPS stimulation, neither IgM nor IgG
      precursors could be detected. In parallel cultures, in contrast, anti-DNA
      autoantibody precursors were readily detected. The results thus indicate that,
      for the lupus-specific autoantibodies, the absence of antibody in autoimmune mice
      reflects a deficit in precursor B lymphocytes rather than an active regulatory
      mechanism. It is suggested that the generation of anti-Sm may reflect a low
      probability random event in the generation of B-cell diversity.

PMID- 3879808
TI  - Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on cytokine-induced thymocyte proliferation.
AB  - To clarify the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on lymphocyte
      proliferation, the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on murine thymocyte proliferation
      induced by interleukin 1 (IL-1), or 2 (IL-2) was examined. Physiological
      concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited thymocyte proliferation induced by IL-1
      and IL-2 in similar fashion suggesting an inhibition of the response to IL-2 by
      this hormone. In addition, cortisone-resistant thymocytes (including a majority
      of medullary thymocytes), which proliferate more vigorously in response to IL-1
      than do untreated thymocytes, were more sensitive to 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibition.
      Therefore, the inhibition of IL-2 production of the mature medullary thymocyte by
      this hormone was also suggested.

PMID- 3879809
TI  - Selective effects of TPA and IL-1 on protein phosphorylation in murine
      thymocytes.
AB  - Protein kinase C activity was demonstrated in murine thymocytes and the effects
      of TPA and IL-1 on this enzyme were studied. TPA, but not IL-1, could substitute
      for diacylglycerol in protein kinase C activation. Although TPA and IL-1 are both
      potent comitogens for murine thymocytes they markedly differ in their effects on
      protein phosphorylation and protein kinase C activation. Treatment of intact
      thymocytes with TPA resulted in a marked increase in the phosphorylation of an
      endogenous protein with Mr approximately 44,000. Enhanced phosphorylation of this
      protein was also observed when protein kinase C was activated in thymocyte
      extracts. In contrast to TPA, IL-1 neither induced phosphorylation of the 44,000
      Da protein nor activated protein kinase C. The data suggests that protein kinase
      C does not mediate the comitogenic effect of IL-1 in murine thymocytes.

PMID- 3879810
TI  - [Effect of some steroid hormones on the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis].
AB  - Studies were conducted to determine the effect of some steroid hormones,
      particularly sex hormones, on the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis "in vitro". 17
      alpha-estradiol and 17 beta-estradiol were stimulatory for parasite growth,
      progesterone and testosterone were inhibiting, whereas cholesterol and ergosterol
      lacked such effects. Changes on the growth of T. vaginalis were observed in the
      first 20 hours of incubation with specific hormonal concentrations. These
      observations confirm the influence of sex hormones on the pathogenesis of
      trichomoniasis.

PMID- 3879811
TI  - Osteopenia and circulating levels of vitamin D metabolites in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The degree of diabetic osteopenia and serum vitamin D metabolite levels were
      measured in 14 type 1 (insulin-dependent) and 168 type 2 (non-insulin-dependent)
      diabetic patients. Based on six indices obtained by microdensitometry, we found
      the bone mass in 28.6% of type 1 and 26.2% of type 2 diabetic patients to be
      decreased and in 14.3% and 11.9%, respectively, the decrease was severe. Our
      method of analysis of bone mass has shown that diabetic osteopenia differs from
      typical osteoporosis in character. In addition, serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
      was significantly decreased both in type 1 and in type 2 diabetes (p less than
      0.01), but 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was significantly decreased only in type 1
      diabetes (p less than 0.01) compared to the controls, being lower than that in
      type 2 diabetes (p less than 0.05). On the other hand, 25-hydroxyvitamin D was
      similar to that of the controls, in both types of diabetes.

PMID- 3879812
TI  - Detection of c-abl tyrosine kinase activity in vitro permits direct comparison of
      normal and altered abl gene products.
AB  - The v-abl transforming protein P160v-abl and the P210c-abl gene product of the
      translocated c-abl gene in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous
      leukemia cells have tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity. Under similar
      assay conditions the normal c-abl gene products, murine P150c-abl and human P145c
      abl, lacked detectable kinase activity. Reaction conditions were modified to
      identify conditions which would permit the detection of c-abl tyrosine kinase
      activity. It was found that the Formalin-fixed Staphylococcus aureus formerly
      used for immunoprecipitation inhibits in vitro abl kinase activity. In addition,
      the sodium dodecyl sulfate and deoxycholate detergents formerly used in the cell
      lysis buffer were found to decrease recovered abl kinase activity. The discovery
      of assay conditions for c-abl kinase activity now makes it possible to compare
      P150c-abl and P145c-abl kinase activity with the altered abl proteins P160v-abl
      and P210c-abl. Although all of the abl proteins have in vitro tyrosine kinase
      activity, they differ in the way they utilize themselves as substrates in vitro.
      Comparison of in vitro and in vivo tyrosine phosphorylation sites of the abl
      proteins suggests that they function differently in vivo. The development of c
      abl kinase assay conditions should be useful in elucidating c-abl function.

PMID- 3879813
TI  - Major substrate for growth factor-activated protein-tyrosine kinases is a low
      abundance protein.
AB  - A scarce, soluble, conserved protein was identified as the nonphosphorylated
      precursor of two related 42-kilodalton phosphoproteins that contain
      phosphotyrosine in mitogen-stimulated but not control fibroblasts.

PMID- 3879815
TI  - Role of the complement anaphylatoxins in inflammation and hypersensitivity
      reactions in the lung.

PMID- 3879814
TI  - Recombinant interleukin 2 regulates levels of c-myc mRNA in a cloned murine T
      lymphocyte.
AB  - The cellular oncogene c-myc has been implicated in the regulation of growth of
      normal and neoplastic cells. Recently, it was suggested that c-myc gene
      expression may control the G0----G1-phase transition in normal lymphocytes that
      were stimulated to enter the cell cycle by the lectin concanavalin A (ConA). Here
      we describe the effects of purified recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL2) and of ConA
      on levels of c-myc mRNA in the noncytolytic murine T-cell clone L2. In contrast
      to resting (G0) primary cultures of lymphocytes, quiescent L2 cells have a higher
      RNA content than resting splenocytes and express receptors for interleukin 2
      (IL2). Resting L2 cells are therefore best regarded as early G1-phase cells.
      Purified rIL2 was found to stimulate the rapid accumulation of c-myc mRNA in L2
      cells. Levels of c-myc mRNA became maximal within 1 h and declined gradually
      thereafter. In contrast, ConA induced slower accumulation of c-myc mRNA in L2
      cells, with increased levels of c-myc mRNA becoming detectable 4 to 8 h after
      stimulation. Experiments with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide
      demonstrated that the increase in levels of c-myc mRNA that were induced by ConA
      was a direct effect of this lectin and not secondary to IL2 production.
      Cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressive agent, markedly reduced the accumulation of c
      myc mRNA that was induced by ConA but only slightly diminished the accumulation
      of c-myc mRNA that was induced by rIL2. Taken together, these data provide
      evidence that (i) c-myc gene expression can be regulated by at least two distinct
      pathways in T lymphocytes, only one of which is sensitive to cyclosporine A, and
      (ii) the accumulation of c-myc mRNA can be induced in T cells by IL2 during the
      G1 phase of the cell cycle.

PMID- 3879816
TI  - Focal lymphocytic infiltration in thyroids of elderly people. Histopathological
      and immunohistochemical studies.
AB  - Histopathological studies were made on the thyroid glands obtained from 169
      autopsy cases of patients, ranging in age from 63 to 97 years, who had not had
      collagen diseases. Focal lymphocytic infiltration was found in 29 (17.2%) of 169
      thyroid glands. Although the relationship between the incidence and age was
      unclear among elderly people, there was a tendency of a prevalence in females
      with respect to severity of focal lymphocytic infiltration.
      Immunohistochemically, a predominance of T cells (80-90%) was found in the
      thyroid lesions. The infiltrating T cells were composed of chiefly OKT 4+ or Leu
      3a+ subset (60-80%) and lesser number of OKT 8+ or Leu 2a+ subset (20-40%). An
      increase in the percentage of OKT 8+ or Leu 2a+ cells, however, was observed in
      the tiny lesions infiltrating the interfollicular connective tissues. In aged
      patients over 63 years old, the average weight of thyroid glands without
      lymphocytic infiltration, obtained from female patients, was approximately 11 g,
      and the average weight of those with focal lymphocytic infiltration was
      approximately 17 g, whereas there was no significant difference in the weight of
      thyroid glands obtained from male patients with and without focal lymphocytic
      infiltration (14 g). The findings in the present study suggest that focal
      lymphocytic infiltration in thyroid glands is a focal sign of an immunological
      disorder which is based on autoimmunity associated with aging.

PMID- 3879817
TI  - The clotting system: gatekeeper of cerebrovascular permeability and monitor of
      clinical manifestations of neuroautoimmune disease.

PMID- 3879818
TI  - [Studies on the granulocyte and/or macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF) in
      the urine and a medium conditioned in vitro by tumor cells from a patient with
      CSF-producing lung cancer].

PMID- 3879819
TI  - Cooperative interactions in hexokinase D ("glucokinase"). Kinetic and
      fluorescence studies.
AB  - Hexokinase D, also called hexokinase IV or glucokinase, is the isoenzyme
      characteristic of liver. In spite of its common name of glucokinase it
      phosphorylates also other sugars besides glucose; in particular, it
      phosphorylates fructose with similar specificity to that shown by the other
      hexokinases. Although hexokinase D is a monomeric protein it displays positive
      cooperativity with glucose and mannose. In contrast, the kinetic behaviour with 2
      deoxyglucose and fructose is Michaelian. Mannose, fructose, 2-deoxyglucose and N
      acetylglucosamine are competitive inhibitors of glucose phosphorylation and
      suppress the cooperativity. The cooperative behaviour can also be suppressed by
      the presence of glycerol at the assay medium at concentrations over 20%, with a
      decrease in the K0.5. Neither glycerol nor the inhibitors affect the monomeric
      state of the enzyme. Hexokinase D exhibits an intrinsic fluorescence at about 326
      nm due to tryptophan residues. The binding of glucose to the enzyme enhances the
      native fluorescence by about 15%. A dissociation constant for glucose of about
      3.5 mM was estimated; this value decreased to about 0.5 mM glucose in the
      presence of glycerol. These and other results are discussed on the basis of
      steady-state models which assume that hexokinase D exists mainly in one
      conformation state (EI) in the absence of ligands, and that the binding of
      glucose or mannose induces a conformational transition to a new conformation EII
      with higher affinity for the sugar substrates. It is postulated that differences
      in the velocities of the conformational transitions induced by the different
      sugar substrates give account of the differences in kinetic behaviour with the
      different sugar substrates.

PMID- 3879821
TI  - Variceal bleeding.

PMID- 3879820
TI  - Solvent isotope effects on the hexokinase D reaction: evidence for the mnemonical
      interpretation of the kinetic co-operativity.
AB  - Hexokinase D ('glucokinase') from rat liver displays kinetic co-operativity with
      respect to glucose when studied in 1H2O, with a Hill coefficient of about 1.4
      when the other substrate, MgATP, is present at a concentration of 4.3 mM. In
      2H2O, however, this becomes negative co-operativity, with a Hill coefficient of
      about 0.6 under corresponding conditions. At high glucose concentrations there is
      a small normal isotope effect, but at low glucose concentrations there is a large
      inverse isotope effect. Graphical analysis shows that these results are
      consistent with the 'mnemonical' model for kinetic co-operativity, in which there
      are two forms of free enzyme with different affinities for glucose, if the
      principal effect of changing the solvent is to alter the relative magnitudes of
      the on rate constants for binding of glucose to the two forms of free enzyme.

PMID- 3879822
TI  - Combined carotid coronary reconstructions--synchronous or sequential?
AB  - Analysis of 16 synchronous with 26 sequential combined carotid coronary
      reconstructions showed no statistical advantage of either approach. Sequential
      operations are more convenient but increase the total operating time by an hour
      or so. Synchronous operations can be carried out without carotid shunting despite
      hypotension provided hypothermia is established. In other circumstances the
      internal carotid back pressure is used to indicate the need for carotid shunting.
      In the 42 patients there were three strokes (7%) including one fatal stroke (2%)
      and two myocardial infarctions, both fatal (5%).

PMID- 3879823
TI  - A ten year prospective experience with semi-elective shunt in selected patients
      for bleeding oesophageal varices.
AB  - In a prospective study from 1972 to 1982, 38 patients with bleeding oesophageal
      varices and relatively good liver function were treated by semi-elective or
      emergent shunt 2-4 weeks after admission. There were no deaths within 3 months of
      surgery. This constituted 30% of the total 125 patients admitted with bleeding
      varices during that period. No referred case for treatment of portal hypertension
      was included in this study. The procedures performed were end-to-side portacaval
      shunt in 30 cases, lieno renal shunt in seven cases and interposition mesenterico
      caval shunt in one case. All patients were admitted to a special unit with a two
      stage policy of management. Immediate endoscopic diagnosis and balloon tamponade
      in those with continued bleeding was followed by shunt in selected cases. Follow
      up of the 38 patients showed a cumulative survival at 1 year of 89%, at 3 years
      of 75% and 5 years of 65%. In four cases (13%) a clinical diagnosis of portal
      systemic encephalopathy was made, all were controlled by medical management. In
      four of ten follow-up deaths, liver failure was the cause, in none of these cases
      was encephalopathy a problem. It is concluded that with a policy of early
      diagnosis and control of haemorrhage, 30% of a typical series of prospectively
      studied patients admitted with bleeding varices can be treated without mortality
      by definitive surgery. There was low incidence of encephalopathy and no cases of
      incapacitating mental confusion. Centralization of treatment and prospective
      study is essential for the implementation of such a policy of management.

PMID- 3879824
TI  - Haemorrhage from smooth muscle tumours of the upper gastro-intestinal tract.
AB  - Eight patients with haemorrhage from smooth muscle tumours of the upper gastro
      intestinal tract were treated during a 10 year period from 1973 to 1982. Seven of
      the tumours were benign and one a malignant leiomyoblastoma. Seven tumours were
      sited in the stomach and there was one duodenal lesion. Endoscopy was performed
      in all eight cases and made the diagnosis definitively in four. In two cases the
      diagnosis was confirmed on barium meal and in the other two, diagnosis was
      eventually made at laparotomy. Two patients were shocked on admission and
      required emergency surgery. In one case a diameter greater than 10 cm suggested
      malignant potential and wide local resection was performed. In one other case
      with a tumour in the antrum, a distal partial gastrectomy was performed, and in
      the case with leiomyoblastoma a proximal gastrectomy was performed. One case was
      lost to follow-up. The mean follow-up in six cases free of disease with benign
      tumour was 2.6 years. The patient with a tumour of greater than 10 cm in diameter
      remains well at 18 months follow-up and the patient with a malignant
      leiomyoblastoma died 2 years after surgery.

PMID- 3879825
TI  - Circadian rhythm of secretory and non-secretory proteins in parotid gland of rat.

PMID- 3879826
TI  - Fever patterns in the neutropenic patient.

PMID- 3879827
TI  - [Dyschromatopsia of diabetics in the hospital and private practice: comparative
      study].

PMID- 3879828
TI  - [Dyschromatopsia and diabetic choroidopathy].

PMID- 3879829
TI  - [Traumatic displacements and deformations of the crystalline lens].

PMID- 3879830
TI  - A pharmacokinetic comparison of tenoxicam in plasma and synovial fluid.
AB  - In view of the paucity of information of the synovial fluid pharmacokinetics of
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a long half-life, we have compared the
      pharmacokinetics of tenoxicam (TILCOTIL, MOBIFLEX) in plasma and synovial fluid
      in six patients with polyarthritis causing knee effusion. Plasma and synovial
      fluid concentrations of tenoxicam were measured up to 96 hours after an oral dose
      of a single 40 mg tablet. A full pharmacokinetic analysis was performed.
      Tenoxicam passed into synovial fluid attaining a peak concentration significantly
      later than that for plasma. However, the mean half-life for synovial fluid (45
      hours) was not significantly different from that for plasma (42 hours).
      Comparison of area under the curve (AUC) indicated the total exposure of the
      synovial fluid to tenoxicam was consistent in different patients, comprising 50
      60% of the corresponding plasma levels in every case. In the case of tenoxicam,
      synovial fluid exhibits the pharmacokinetic properties of a peripheral "tissue"
      compartment.

PMID- 3879831
TI  - Single and multiple oral dose pharmacokinetics of tenoxicam in the elderly.
AB  - Tenoxicam is a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with a long half-life.
      Since such drugs may be particularly prone to accumulate in elderly patients, a
      group of the population in which anti-inflammatory agents are most commonly
      prescribed, we have studied the pharmacokinetics of tenoxicam in 18 patients (age
      range 62-87 years) with osteoarthrosis or rheumatoid arthritis. A pharmacokinetic
      profile was performed after a single 20 mg oral dose. Patients then took regular
      medication until they had reached steady-state for chronic dosing (20 mg/day)
      when a further pharmacokinetic profile was performed. Approximately five-fold
      accumulation was found at steady-state (mean peak plasma level 2.6 micrograms/ml
      for a single dose against 12.4 micrograms/ml at steady-state). Twenty percent of
      the dose was eliminated in the first dose interval. Mean pre-dose plasma level at
      steady-state was 9.6 micrograms/ml with a coefficient of variation of 11%. Serial
      haematological and biochemical estimations during the study showed no evidence of
      drug toxicity.

PMID- 3879832
TI  - Homocystinuria with bilateral absolute glaucoma.

PMID- 3879833
TI  - Focused programs of research.

PMID- 3879834
TI  - [201T1 computed tomography using dipyridamole for assessing dilated
      cardiomyopathy].
AB  - The value of redistribution thallium-201 (T1-20(1] emission computed tomography
      (ECT) using dipyridamole for evaluating coronary circulation was analyzed in 18
      patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). After maximal inducible coronary
      vasodilation (dipyridamole, 0.56 mg/kg), 2 mCi T1-201 was administered, and
      dipyridamole ECT data at 10 minutes and delayed ECT data at 3 hours after the
      injection were collected. Image interpretation was made visually. The results
      were as follows: In all cases, perfusion defects were observed on the
      dipyridamole images, and eight (45%) had redistribution on their delayed images.
      Patients with redistribution had better left ventricular function (% fractional
      shortening 24.7 +/- 7.0 versus 18.0 +/- 5.0) by two-dimensional echocardiography.
      Segments with redistribution showed less severe wall motion abnormalities
      compared with segments without redistribution. It is concluded that
      redistribution thallium ECT imaging using dipyridamole is a useful tool for the
      evaluation of coronary circulation of patients with DCM.

PMID- 3879835
TI  - [Tricuspid regurgitation evaluated by Doppler hepatic vein flow patterns].
AB  - Hepatic vein flow can be reliably measured because Doppler sampling volumes are
      easily oriented parallel with the course of the hepatic vein. In this study, the
      relationship between the Doppler signal in the hepatic vein and the external
      jugular vein pulse was evaluated, and the contribution of the Doppler
      echocardiography to the quantitative diagnosis of tricuspid regurgitation was
      also assessed. The subjects consisted of five healthy persons, four patients with
      lone atrial fibrillation, 27 patients who underwent cardiac surgery, and 34
      patients with tricuspid regurgitation. The severity of the regurgitation was
      judged by right ventriculography and inferior caval angiography. The pattern of
      the Doppler hepatic vein flow mimicked that of the jugular phlebogram in each
      patient. The normal hepatic vein flow consisted of two forward flows toward the
      heart; one in systole; the other, in diastole, and one retrograde flow toward the
      liver during atrial contraction. In patients with lone atrial fibrillation, a
      systolic backward flow toward the liver or a decrease in the systolic forward
      flow was observed, though there was no tricuspid regurgitation. In patients who
      had cardiac surgery, a systolic backward flow toward the liver or a decrease in
      the systolic forward flow was usual. However, a prominent systolic backward flow
      toward the liver was observed in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation,
      and a decreased systolic forward flow toward the heart was observed in patients
      with moderate tricuspid regurgitation in sinus rhythm. We concluded that Doppler
      measurement of hepatic vein flow does not contribute to the diagnosis of
      tricuspid regurgitation in the presence of atrial fibrillation or in
      postoperative conditions, but that it is useful in identifying severe tricuspid
      regurgitation.

PMID- 3879837
TI  - Effect of cimetidine (Histodil) injection in upper gastro-intestinal haemorrhage.

PMID- 3879836
TI  - [Intraoperative visualization of coronary arteries using two-dimensional
      echocardiography].
AB  - We attempted intraoperative ultrasonic visualization of the coronary arteries of
      animal models and of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery.
      Ultrasonic visualization of coronary vessels using a high frequency wide band
      micro-transducer (3.5-9.0 MHz) was first attempted in three open-chest dogs. The
      coronary arteries were well visualized from the epicardium with and without
      contrast perfusion, and the experimentally-occluded portion was well imaged.
      Subsequently, this technique was clinically applied in two patients undergoing
      cardiac surgery for valvular and congenital heart diseases, and in nine patients
      undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Gas-sterilized probes were placed
      directly over the cardiac surface. Ultrasonic imaging of the coronary artery was
      performed to detect the coronary arteries beneath the fat tissue; image the
      lesions in coronary vessels, especially those not visualized by angiography;
      determine the site of bypass grafting and evaluate the graft-ability to the
      distal branch (the latter was poorly visualized via collateral circulation or not
      visualized angiographically because of total occlusion at a proximal site); and
      observe the effects of bypass grafting and intraoperative angioplasty of coronary
      arteries after these procedures. This ultrasonic technique was found to be useful
      for the intraoperative evaluation of coronary vessels for coronary artery bypass
      surgery.

PMID- 3879838
TI  - [Pulmonary involvement in AIDS].

PMID- 3879839
TI  - [Kartagener's syndrome in 3 brothers].

PMID- 3879840
TI  - Epidemiology of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection.
AB  - Markers of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection have been detected all over the
      five continents. Geographical prevalence varied heavily: HDV infection is very
      rare in Far East Asia, but extremely frequent in Arabian countries, in Romania
      and in certain Indian populations of South America. In Europe and in the USA the
      infection is widely spread among high risk groups such as intravenous drug
      abusers and haemophiliacs.

PMID- 3879841
TI  - Epidemiological aspects of HTLV-III infection in Italy.
AB  - An epidemiological survey on the presence of serum antibodies to human T
      lymphotropic retrovirus III (HTLV-III) is reported. The study was carried out on
      people living in large as well as small cities in different Italian regions.
      Serum samples of 21 patients with AIDS, 402 with ARCS, and 920 from individuals
      at risk for these diseases were analyzed. The percentage of positive sera varied
      from 81% in AIDS, to 100% -33.3% in ARC according to the different geographical
      areas and/or the various categories of people with ARC. The percentage of
      positive sera in individuals at risk for AIDS or ARC varied from 11.9% in
      homosexuals, to 21% in drug abusers and 23.1% in haemophiliacs. No positive sera
      were observed among 660 normal individuals, relatives of patients with AIDS or
      ARC and in 114 patients suffering from immunological or infectious disease and
      among people at risk living in small cities. Sera were also negative in patients
      with classical Kaposi's sarcoma or T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Since
      none of the 660 unselected normal adults were positive while a significant
      percentage of people at risk for AIDS showed antibodies to HTLV-III, we may
      presume that this infection is prevalent in the Italian categories in which AIDS
      and ARC are most likely to develop.

PMID- 3879842
TI  - Anti-ragweed-specific anti-idiotypic antibodies in nonatopic and atopic subjects.

PMID- 3879843
TI  - Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by a synthetic peptide homologous to
      envelope proteins of human and animal retroviruses.

PMID- 3879844
TI  - Alpha 1-antitrypsin-Pittsburgh: a potent inhibitor of human plasma factor XIa,
      kallikrein, and factor XIIf.
AB  - AT-P is a potent inhibitor of factor XIa. It has a greater affinity for factor
      XIa (5.1 X 10(5) M-1 sec-1), than it does for thrombin (3.1 X 10(5) M-1 sec-1).
      This recently cloned protein may be clinically valuable in the management of
      disorders involving activation of the contact system of plasma proteolysis.

PMID- 3879846
TI  - [Treatment of facial pain with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
      (TENS)].

PMID- 3879845
TI  - A selective defect in secretion of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor PiZZ demonstrated
      in surrogate and primary extrahepatic cell culture.

PMID- 3879847
TI  - [Analysis of morbidity in a rheumatology clinic with respect to occupation].

PMID- 3879848
TI  - Myocardial salvage by surgical therapy in impending or evolving myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 3879849
TI  - Aorta-coronary bypass after intracoronary thrombolysis.

PMID- 3879850
TI  - Effect of ischemia and reperfusion on myocardium from patients with coronary
      heart disease.

PMID- 3879851
TI  - Long-term follow-up after intracoronary streptokinase therapy for acute
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3879852
TI  - Transfer and combination of digital image data.

PMID- 3879853
TI  - Measurement of blood flow, oxygen utilisation, oxygen extraction ratio, and
      fractional blood volume in human brain tumours and surrounding oedematous tissue.
AB  - The blood flow, oxygen utilisation, oxygen extraction ratio, and fractional blood
      volume were measured in brain tumours and the surrounding cerebral tissues. A
      total of 21 patients were studied. These included 10 primary tumours, eight
      secondary and three with unknown histology. Measurements were performed using the
      oxygen-15 steady state inhalation technique and positron emission tomography.
      Within the tumours no relation between blood flow, oxygen utilisation and blood
      volume was found. In all tumours oxygen supply was in excess of the oxygen demand
      of the tissues as reflected in oxygen extraction ratios that were lower than
      those of normal brain tissue. No indication of local ischaemia in peritumour
      oedema was found.

PMID- 3879854
TI  - Dissection of tumour-specific antigenicity.
AB  - Unique tumour-specific antigens have been detected on many tumours induced by
      physical or chemical carcinogens. Although a seemingly endless diversity of such
      antigens has been identified, very little is currently known about the nature and
      complexity of the antigenicity of any single tumour. We describe the
      characterization of the complex unique antigenicity expressed on an ultraviolet
      light-induced tumour. Such tumours are highly immunogenic and are clearly subject
      to immunosurveillance in the normal host. The antigenicity of an ultraviolet
      light-induced regressor tumour was dissected with the aid of monoclonal T-cell
      probes and with antigen-loss tumour variants that were selected in vitro or in
      vivo. It was demonstrated that the total antigenicity of this tumour consisted of
      multiple antigens, all of which were independent, tumour-specific and expressed
      simultaneously on the same tumour cell. Additional experiments determined which
      antigens were critical for tumour rejection by studying the in vivo growth
      behaviour of antigen-loss variants selected in vitro. Evaluation of the
      complexity of the host anti-tumour response revealed that a hierarchy existed in
      the host recognition of these antigens, a finding that should have important
      implications on the effectiveness of tumour rejection and immune escape. Finally,
      using tumour-specific monoclonal antibodies against the syngeneic tumour,
      investigation into the molecular nature of these tumour antigens indicated that
      some of these antigens represent novel class I major-histocompatibility-complex
      molecules. Thus we describe the complexity of a unique tumour-specific antigen
      and discuss the implications of this complexity on tumour immunity and tumour
      escape.

PMID- 3879855
TI  - Tumour cell variants with increased immunogenicity obtained by mutagen treatment.
AB  - By treating mouse tumour cells in vitro with mutagens it is possible to obtain at
      high frequency variants that are rejected by normal syngeneic mice. Such variants
      have been designated 'tum-' to distinguish them from the original tumorigenic
      (tum+) cell lines. Most tum- variants appear to express new, individual antigens
      that can be defined in vivo by cross-protection experiments or in vitro by
      cytolytic T lymphocytes. The failure of tum- variants to form progressive tumours
      is apparently the result of an immune rejection response. Mice that have rejected
      a tum- variant clone are often protected against a subsequent challenge with the
      original tum+ cells. This was even demonstrated for two spontaneous mouse tumours
      for which no immunogenicity could be demonstrated otherwise. An analysis of 21
      variants derived from mastocytoma P815 with cytolytic T lymphocyte populations
      showed that the repertoire of tum- antigens probably exceeds 50 specificities. No
      two variants have been found to express the same new antigen. Variant-specific
      long-term cytolytic T lymphocyte clones were isolated and used for the
      immunoselection of secondary antigen-loss variants that could then be analysed
      for the presence of previously undefined residual variant antigenic determinants.
      Somatic cell hybrids were prepared between different P815 tum- variants or
      between tum- variants and the original P815 cells. An analysis of the hybrids
      with variant-specific cytolytic T lymphocyte clones showed that the expression of
      tum- antigens was dominant. The intriguing paradox of the high frequency of tum-
      variants in populations of mutagen-treated tumour cells may require new genetic
      and immunological approaches before being understood.

PMID- 3879856
TI  - DNA rearrangements in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
AB  - The configuration of DNA at genetic loci that undergo somatic recombination in
      lymphocytes provides genetic markers that are useful in the diagnosis and
      characterization of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The loci containing rearranged DNA
      fall into three groups: the immunoglobulin genes, the T cell receptor genes and
      sites of chromosomal rearrangements, such as chromosomal translocations. DNA
      fragments cloned from these loci can be used as hybridization probes to
      characterize the rearranged DNA sequences in biopsy tissues. Only probes for
      chromosomal rearrangements are capable of directly diagnosing neoplasia and
      histological subtypes; however, probes for rearrangements of immunoglobulin and T
      cell receptor genes are valuable for detecting clonal proliferations, determining
      B or T cell derivation of tumours and distinguishing individual clones of
      lymphocytes from each other. Applications of DNA rearrangements have already
      yielded a number of important findings concerning the biology of human lymphoma.
      These discoveries have included the existence of multiclonal B cell cancers, the
      widespread dissemination of occult tumour to lymph nodes in mycosis fungoides,
      the high incidence of circulating tumour cells in patients with low grade
      lymphomas and the molecular heterogeneity of chromosomal break-points in
      follicular lymphomas.

PMID- 3879857
TI  - Practical approach to the immunodiagnosis of lymphomas emphasizing differential
      diagnosis.
AB  - Immunological studies on tissue sections are often useful for supporting a
      diagnosis of lymphoma in cases with unusual histological or clinical findings and
      for identifying clinically important subgroups of lymphoma. Recent advances in
      both reagents and immunohistochemical methods allow the construction of
      monoclonal antibody panels for use both on routinely-fixed and processed tissues
      and on fresh frozen tissues. Commercially available monoclonal antibodies that
      are reactive with fixation-resistant antigenic determinants on lymphoid and
      related differentiation antigens often allow the distinction of lymphoma from non
      lymphoid neoplasms. Better reagents and/or methods are needed for the
      identification of subset and lineage-specific markers on B cells and T cells and
      on the atypical cells of Hodgkin's disease. The use of fresh frozen tissue allows
      the application of a wide range of monoclonal antibodies to B-cell, T-cell and
      accessory cell differentiation antigens, many of which react only in fresh
      tissue. Appropriate monoclonal antibody panels distinguish B-cell lymphoma and Ig
      B lineage lymphoma from hyperplasia. A broad panel of antibodies to T-cell
      differentiation antigens is needed to identify the abnormal T-cell phenotypes
      which are observed in T-cell lymphoma.

PMID- 3879858
TI  - [An increase in suicides by falling in Switzerland].

PMID- 3879859
TI  - Confrontation with suicide: figures from a university psychiatric outpatient
      department.

PMID- 3879860
TI  - Mortality from prostate cancer in Italy: 1950-1979. Cross-sectional rates and
      cohort analysis.
AB  - This paper studies prostate cancer mortality in Italy from 1950-1979 to evaluate
      its importance in relation to total cancers, examine the time trend for
      forecasting future mortality trends, and makes an attempt to interpretate
      mortality by analyzing demographic and risk factors. In the Authors' opinion
      findings from cross-sectional rates, cohort analysis and Devesa-Schneiderman
      method, indicate that in Italy even if the age-adjusted mortality rate has nearly
      doubled over the period, as in many other countries, mortality can be expected to
      remain constant or decrease in the future, since the data to hand show a
      decreasing trend in some age cohorts.

PMID- 3879861
TI  - [In vivo inhibition of T lymphocyte DTH in encephalitis produced by Junin virus].

PMID- 3879862
TI  - [Comparative studies of the efficacy of pimafucin and nystatin in the treatment
      of denture stomatopathies complicated by Candida albicans infection].

PMID- 3879863
TI  - [Plasma clearance of alpha 1-antitrypsin. A simple method for the study of
      intestinal protein loss].
AB  - We tried to evaluate the value of the alpha-1-antitrypsin clearance in order to
      search for the protein loss through the digestive tract. Twenty-two patients were
      studied, 11 with protein losing enteropathy and 11 normal controls. Alpha-1
      antitrypsin concentration was determined in serum and feces to obtain the
      clearance of such protein. The values were always abnormal in patients with
      protein losing enteropathy, and normal in control patients. We consider this
      method simple and safe for the evaluation of intestinal protein loss, besides
      having the advantage of not using radioactive material.

PMID- 3879864
TI  - The interleukin-1 family of molecules.

PMID- 3879865
TI  - An anthropomorphic head phantom for evaluation of static and tomographic
      radioscintigraphy.

PMID- 3879866
TI  - Brachial plexus infiltration by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PMID- 3879867
TI  - Volvulus of the small bowel into a pouch in the field of Treves presenting with
      anaemia.

PMID- 3879868
TI  - [Myocardial revascularization in advanced old age].

PMID- 3879869
TI  - [Problems in the surgical treatment of coronary disease in the patient with
      widespread atherosclerotic arteriopathy].

PMID- 3879870
TI  - Symposium on T-cell lymphoma and related disorders.

PMID- 3879871
TI  - T-cell differentiation and maturation.
AB  - Understanding of the differentiation and maturation of T cells has been greatly
      enhanced by several technical developments. Certainly, the most important of
      these has been the rapid expansion in the availability of monoclonal antibodies
      to identify surface markers on T cells. Utilization of these antibodies has
      permitted the description of the developmental sequence of T cells both within
      the thymus and peripherally. Equally impressive have been the rapid advances in
      the understanding of the cellular events involved in antigen activation of T
      cells. These events are MHC restricted. The biochemical description of the class
      I and class II molecules that are involved in antigen presentation and the
      biochemical description of the T-cell receptor have provided a framework that
      should allow a more definitive picture of these specificity-determining molecular
      structures to emerge in the coming years. Several soluble growth and maturation
      factors (IL-1, IL-2, and BCGF), which are involved in the generation of cellular
      immune responses, have also been integrated into the above framework. Finally,
      ongoing studies on products of activated T lymphocytes (lymphokines) are
      providing clearer insights into the mechanisms by which immune T cells influence
      other cells. An additional benefit from the study of T cell development has been
      a more biochemically based classification of T-cell malignancies. The powerful
      tools of molecular genetics are beginning to have an impact on research in T-cell
      differentiation and maturation, and will likely have an ever-growing influence on
      research into the phenomena surrounding the activities of these immune cells.

PMID- 3879872
TI  - [The ratio of the T lymphocyte subpopulation in patients on chronic
      hemodialysis].

PMID- 3879873
TI  - [The level of the T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 3879874
TI  - [Production of and sensitivity to interleukin 2 in rats resistant to the
      induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis].

PMID- 3879875
TI  - [New chronic inflammatory diseases of connective tissue].

PMID- 3879876
TI  - [Epidemiology of malignant melanoma of the skin: an international comparison].

PMID- 3879877
TI  - Incidence of B-lactamase production by gram-negative bacilli isolated from
      urinary tract infection, at Ain Shams and El-Sahil teaching hospitals.

PMID- 3879878
TI  - The nutritional status of Iban preschool children, Sarawak.

PMID- 3879879
TI  - [Isolation and characteristics of membrane fraction of rabbit T lymphocytes
      specifically binding the staphylococcal enterotoxin type A].
AB  - The lymphocyte membranes from rabbit thymus were shown to bind specifically the
      staphylococcal enterotoxin type A (SEA). The glycolipid components were
      demonstrated to be absent from the SEA receptor complex on the surface of T
      lymphocytes. The mild conditions were elaborated for the receptor membrane
      fraction solubilization by triton X-100. The affinity chromatography method was
      used to isolate the SEA binding membrane fraction, the major component of which
      is a protein with a 42,000 mol mass. The isolated preparation inhibits the
      specific binding of [125I]-SEA on the cellular (by T-lymphocytes) and subcellular
      (by membranes) levels.

PMID- 3879880
TI  - [Mycoplasma infection as a possible cause of hybridoma instability].
AB  - Cytogenetic analysis of mouse hybridoma producing monoclonal antibodies to
      diphtheria toxin and of its derivative, that lost secretory activity at the third
      passage in vivo, has been carried out. 58% cells of antibody secreting cell lines
      belonged to a modal class (76-79 chromosomes per cll). The modal chromosomal
      number of the subline that has stopped producing antibodies decreased to 63-66
      per cell and the stem line of this derivative consisted of 30% of cell population
      only. Chromosome aberrations were much more frequent in hybridoma cells, that
      ceased to secrete antibodies, than in cells of original hybridoma: 32.3% of
      aberrant metaphases (1.38 break per cell) and 6.3% of aberrant metaphases (0.1
      break per cell), respectively. Mycoplasma infection was found in the hybridoma
      subline that stopped producing antibodies as defined by the microbiological and
      cytochemical techniques. Mice might be the possible source of infection. By means
      of cloning of hybridoma variant, that did not secrete immunoglobulins, several
      sublines with the recovered secretory function were obtained.

PMID- 3879881
TI  - [Study of the mechanism of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of lymphocytes
      induced by immune complexes].
AB  - Intensification of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of nonadhesive mouse
      splenocytes affected by immune complexes has been shown to depend on B
      lymphocytes. As shown by the inhibition analysis, this process is, probably,
      dependent on the formation of hydroxyl radicals of singlet oxygen and on the
      condition of cytoskeleton.

PMID- 3879882
TI  - [Splenocyte chemiluminescence induced by various mitogenic stimuli].

PMID- 3879883
TI  - [Relief of dentin hypersensitivity with the Neuron 3K device].

PMID- 3879884
TI  - Clinical evaluation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in postoperative
      inflammation following cataract surgery.

PMID- 3879885
TI  - Hemophilus influenzae type f meningitis in an adolescent.
AB  - A 17-year-old male with Hemophilus influenzae type f meningitis is reported.
      Recent studies which suggest that the incidence of H. influenzae meningitis in
      older individuals is increasing are reviewed. Therefore, we recommend that
      antimicrobial therapy directed against H. influenzae be included in the initial
      management of older children, adolescents, and adults with acute bacterial
      meningitis.

PMID- 3879886
TI  - Basic phenomena of acquired color vision defects.

PMID- 3879887
TI  - Isolation and detection of Haemophilus influenzae from patients of respiratory
      tract infections and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in Chandigarh.

PMID- 3879889
TI  - The dendritic extent of motoneurons in frog brachial spinal cord: a computer
      reconstruction of HRP-filled cells. With comments on dendritic reconstruction
      methodologies.
AB  - A lateral and a medial motoneuron in the brachial spinal cord of the leopard
      frog, Rana pipiens, were labeled by horseradish peroxidase applied to the ventral
      root. Their dendritic trees were traced, analyzed, and plotted using a computer
      microscope system. Some dendrites of the medial motoneuron crossed the midline of
      the spinal cord, but no dendrites of the lateral motoneuron crossed the midline.
      Nevertheless, the total dendritic length of the lateral motoneuron exceeded that
      of the medial motoneuron. The peak number of dendritic branch segments of the
      medial motoneuron was located at a greater distance from its soma than that of
      the lateral motoneuron. Three-dimensional reconstruction and rotation of the
      dendritic trees revealed that the dendrites of the medial motoneuron had a
      greater rostrocaudal extent than those of the lateral motoneuron. When compared
      to reports of Golgi-impregnated motoneurons, our results suggest that the HRP
      technique labels dendrites more completely. However, use of the HRP technique may
      introduce greater errors in the subsequent measurement of dendritic segments due
      to nonuniform tissue shrinkage.

PMID- 3879888
TI  - [Neonatal cholestatic jaundice associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency].

PMID- 3879890
TI  - Velocity sensitivity and directional selectivity of frog retinal ganglion cells
      depend on chromaticity of moving stimuli.
AB  - Action potentials of single afferent optic-nerve fibers were recorded in the
      superficial layers of the optic tectum of frogs. Horizontally moving chromatic
      stimuli were applied. A large range of stimulus velocities and 2 or 3 different
      wavelengths (450, 500 or 580 nm) of the moving monochromatic light spots were
      applied. The velocity functions of class 3 neurons varied only slightly with
      different chromatic stimuli. About half of the neurons of our sample exhibited
      directional selectivity to one or two of the wavelengths investigated. In some of
      these neurons the directional selectivity was found over the entire velocity
      range studied (0.046-18.4 degrees X s-1), while in others it was also dependent
      upon the angular velocity of the moving chromatic spot. Thus, a new principle of
      chromatic-signal processing exists in frogs which has so far not been described
      in other animals: an interrelation between directional selectivity, chromatic
      composition of the stimulus and angular velocity. We concluded from these
      findings that the analytic properties of tectal cells, with respect to their
      possible function in pattern recognition, might receive insufficient description
      when the stimuli are restricted to the achromatic grey scale. On the other hand,
      we would like to stress that the peculiar properties of the retinal color
      channels in frogs, directional selectivity and different time constants of the
      recovery functions, contribute to the processing of black/white stimuli according
      to their shape, size and velocity, since the response to the leading edge and the
      trailing edge traversing the receptive field depends on these factors.

PMID- 3879891
TI  - Distribution and ultrastructure of primary afferent axons in Lissauer's tract in
      the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens).
AB  - Dorsal roots were transected and filled with horseradish peroxidase to identify
      the primary afferent axons in Lissauer's tract (LT) of the spinal cord in a ranid
      frog with light and electron microscopy. Axons in LT could be traced at least 2-3
      segments rostral and caudal to the level of the filled root. Some axons in LT
      entered a nucleus in the dorsal lateral funiculus at brachial and lumbar levels,
      while other axons terminated in widespread regions of the dorsal horn. Electron
      microscopy revealed unlabelled terminals with numerous large, dense-cored
      vesicles in LT. However, large vesicles were rarely observed and were never
      abundant in labelled primary afferent axons. S type synaptic contacts between
      labelled axons and unlabelled profiles were observed. The presynaptic axons in
      these synapses contained many small, spherical vesicles. The cross-sectional area
      of LT was related to the spinal cord level, with the largest area at the brachial
      level, and intermediate area at the lumbar level, and the smallest area at the
      thoracic level. No difference in number of labelled axons was observed in the
      medial and lateral parts of LT.

PMID- 3879892
TI  - [Identification of Pneumocystis carinii in a patient dying of AIDS].
AB  - We compared two different techniques in the preparation of slides for the
      demonstration of Pneumocystis carinii in lung tissue of a patient died for AIDS.
      The impressions were prepared by imprinting the autopsy tissue surfaces on glass
      slides, while the concentrates were prepared by a partial homogenization and
      subsequent centrifugation of the pulmonary tissue. After staining, the number of
      protozoa microscopically observed resulted similar with both techniques; moreover
      using impression smears P. carinii were more easily visible.

PMID- 3879894
TI  - Toward a standard for hearing conservation for underwater and hyperbaric
      environments.
AB  - Exposure of divers to intense noise in water is increasing, yet no general
      hearing-conservation standard for such exposures exists. This paper summarizes
      three theories of underwater hearing, the tympanic, bone-conduction, and dual
      path theories, and reviews empirical data in order to identify some requirements
      such a standard must meet. Among problems considered are hearing sensitivity in
      water, the frequency and dynamic ranges of the water-immersed ear, and non
      auditory effects of underwater sound. It was concluded that no well-developed
      theoretical basis exists for extrapolating current hearing-conservation standards
      for air-borne noise to the underwater situation; the existing empirical evidence,
      except within the frequency range of 1.5-3.5 kc/s, is too scant to predict what
      levels of underwater noise would be safe for divers; the empirical data on
      underwater hearing suggest that the frequency range covered by an appropriate
      standard must be much broader, for both low and high frequencies, than is the
      case in air; in order to establish an appropriate standard, further research is
      required on the dynamic range of the ear in water; problems must be solved with
      shifts in the resonance frequency of the ear consequent to the introduction of
      helium-oxygen mixtures or other exotic gases and pressures during dry-helmet
      diving or during simulated underwater excursions in dry hyperbaric chambers;
      underwater noise exposure may involve hazards to other body systems than the ear;
      and some noise exposure conditions may interfere with job performance of divers.

PMID- 3879893
TI  - [Comparative activity of norfloxacin and other chemotherapeutic agents on the
      adhesion of bacteria of the uro-vaginal tract to uroepithelial cells].
AB  - A number of bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and
      streptococci), obtained from patients with urinary infections, or from vaginal
      tampons, were assayed in order to evaluate their ability to adhere to
      uroepithelial cells. We employed, at a comparative purpose, two different methods
      to eliminate unattached bacteria: the centrifugation technique and the filtration
      technique. The effect of the pretreatment with subinhibitory concentrations of
      three chemotherapeutics widely employed in the urological practice (norfloxacin,
      pipemidic acid and co-trimoxazole) was determined on the strains which
      demonstrated a good rate of attachment. Growth in the presence of any of the
      three drugs decreased the adhesive properties of the microorganisms, reducing
      both the haemagglutination and the yeast aggregation titers of Gram-negative
      bacteria as well as their adhesiveness. Norfloxacin proved to be the most
      effective drug in affecting the pathogenicity characteristics of the assayed
      strains in comparison with the other two chemotherapeutics tested, even if they
      were also moderately able to inhibit the adhesiveness of the same strains.

PMID- 3879895
TI  - Clinical research on tooth extraction under acupuncture anesthesia.

PMID- 3879897
TI  - [Male infertility].

PMID- 3879896
TI  - [Angiocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function in children with left
      ventricular pressure overload].

PMID- 3879898
TI  - [Models of the adaptation process in elderly people placed in a home for the
      aged].

PMID- 3879899
TI  - [New possibilities in the treatment of serious skin diseases].

PMID- 3879900
TI  - [Composition of a selected group of persons from a region which fulfill the
      requirements of the theory of sampling studies].

PMID- 3879901
TI  - [The effect of caffeine on performance in rats with radiation sickness].

PMID- 3879902
TI  - [Gluconate scintigraphy of the heart in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial
      infarct].

PMID- 3879903
TI  - [The T-cell component of immunity in different forms of hepatitis B and their
      clinical significance].

PMID- 3879904
TI  - The prognostic significance of intraventricular haemorrhage.
AB  - It is a generally held view that intraventricular haemorrhage carries a poor
      prognosis in cases of intracranial haemorrhage. We tested this view by
      retrospective analysis of the records of 258 patients who had intracranial blood
      on CT scans seen over a seven-year period. The mortality and morbidity for
      intraventricular and non-intraventricular haemorrhage were compared for the three
      major causes of intracranial bleeding, viz. aneurysm, trauma, and spontaneous
      intracerebral haemorrhage. No significant difference was found between the two
      groups for each aetiological category. It was concluded that the CT scan finding
      of intraventricular blood has no prognostic significance.

PMID- 3879905
TI  - [Neonatal spasms caused by cerebral hemorrhage in alpha 1-anti-trypsin
      deficiency].
AB  - This paper describes a case of late neonatal convulsions due to intracranial
      haemorrhage in a newborn with cholestatic hepatopathy due to PiZZ homozygote
      alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. The deficiency of vitamin K dependent clotting
      factors, responsible for the haemorrhage, seems to be due to the cholestasis and
      might have been aggravated by the non-administration of vitamin K at birth and by
      breast feeding. The response to vitamin K therapy was good.

PMID- 3879906
TI  - Biological activities of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

PMID- 3879907
TI  - New approaches to immunization against infectious agents. Use of anti-idiotypes.

PMID- 3879908
TI  - The T-cell receptor for antigen.

PMID- 3879909
TI  - A study of T lymphocyte population in cancer of the cervix. Effects of pelvic
      irradiation.

PMID- 3879910
TI  - The leukaemias at presentation: clinical, demographic and cytologic variables.

PMID- 3879911
TI  - Ketoconazole: a study in delayed post operative fungal endophthalmitis patients
      intolerant to amphotericin B.

PMID- 3879912
TI  - Maternal death in New Jersey--1983.

PMID- 3879913
TI  - Replacement of lacerated superior vena cava with synthetic graft.

PMID- 3879914
TI  - [The effect of repeated administration of triiodothyronine or etiroxate on liver
      regeneration in rats after partial hepatectomy].

PMID- 3879915
TI  - [Factor analysis and its use in EEG evaluation].

PMID- 3879916
TI  - [Longitudinal study of electroencephalographic recordings and the clinical course
      of patients with absences].

PMID- 3879917
TI  - [An algorithm for monitoring and regulating temperature during the induction of
      hyperthermia].

PMID- 3879918
TI  - [Study of the toxic effects of atropine and the effect of tetrahydroaminoacrine
      on cells cultured in vitro. I].

PMID- 3879919
TI  - [Determination of carbon tetrachloride and its metabolites in the blood and liver
      of rats using gas chromatography].

PMID- 3879920
TI  - [Electroretinography and age].

PMID- 3879921
TI  - [A unique type of division in the nuclei of cells cultured in vitro].

PMID- 3879922
TI  - [Descriptive aspects in the classification and terminology of congenital heart
      defects].

PMID- 3879923
TI  - [The univentricular heart. Terminology, morphologic classification, differential
      diagnosis].

PMID- 3879924
TI  - [Changes in the level of CCl4 and its toxic radical .CCl3 in the blood and liver
      in rats of both sexes].

PMID- 3879925
TI  - [Additional observations on the structure, function, and cytochemistry of the
      nucleolus].

PMID- 3879926
TI  - [The larval bladder in relation to the pathogenicity of certain human parasites].

PMID- 3879927
TI  - [Solitary cilia of nerve and glial cells].

PMID- 3879928
TI  - [Urodynamic studies in the diagnosis and therapy of enuresis in children].

PMID- 3879929
TI  - [Spontaneous rupture of the renal pelvis after renal colic].

PMID- 3879930
TI  - [Infectious endocarditis in childhood. Recent diagnostic and therapeutic
      experience].

PMID- 3879931
TI  - [Pelvic lymphadenectomy in the diagnosis and treatment of prostatic carcinoma].

PMID- 3879932
TI  - [The effect of cystamine on thymidine incorporation in bone marrow cells].

PMID- 3879933
TI  - [Microcinematography analysis of the effect of polyethyleneglycol on the life
      cycle of cells cultured in vitro].

PMID- 3879934
TI  - [Classification of basic cytopathologic changes induced by dental materials in
      cells cultured in vitro].

PMID- 3879935
TI  - [Inhibition of the formation of desmosine cross-links in elastin].

PMID- 3879936
TI  - New approaches to therapy of autoimmune disease.

PMID- 3879937
TI  - [T-polyagglutination in association with pulmonary cancer].

PMID- 3879938
TI  - In vitro susceptibility-resistance patterns of bacterial isolates from burn
      patients to augmentin and timentin.

PMID- 3879939
TI  - Case study: alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in a burn patient.

PMID- 3879940
TI  - Direct non-invasive techniques for assessing coronary bypass graft patency.
AB  - Venous digital subtraction angiography (vDSA) and computed tomography (CT) are
      two non-invasive techniques that allow direct imaging of coronary grafts. Neither
      of them is 100% accurate when compared to selective angiography. We studied 52
      patients with 107 coronary grafts (101 saphenous and 6 mammary artery grafts) by
      CT and vDSA. Fifty patients had control selective angiography and 2 had control
      digital arterial aortography. CT correctly diagnosed 88 of the 95 patent grafts
      and 8 out of the 12 occluded grafts (in 1 patient 3 patent grafts could not be
      well analyzed owing to artifacts from pacemaker wires). vDSA correctly identified
      93 patent grafts and the 12 occluded grafts, allowing the correct diagnosis of
      the 11 non/or misdiagnosed CT grafts. CT allowed the correct identification of
      the 2 misdiagnosed vDSA grafts. These results show that when there was agreement
      between CT and vDSA there were no diagnostic errors and that the combination of
      these two non-invasive techniques may avoid selective angiography for studying
      coronary bypass graft patency.

PMID- 3879941
TI  - Street drug analysis: an eleven year perspective on illicit drug alteration.

PMID- 3879942
TI  - The adolescent cocaine epidemic.

PMID- 3879943
TI  - Marijuana, alcohol, and adolescence: a malignant synergism.

PMID- 3879944
TI  - [Naso-sinusal polyps and IgE-dependent allergic phenomena].

PMID- 3879945
TI  - Study of visual performance on a multi-color VDU of color defective and normal
      trichromatic subjects.

PMID- 3879946
TI  - Relationship between weight and nature of an intraocular foreign body and
      functional prognosis.

PMID- 3879947
TI  - SPECT imaging of 131I (364 keV): importance of collimation.
AB  - A low sensitivity medium energy collimator (LSMEC) designed with thick septa and
      long bore (theoretical leakage less than 3% 364 keV), was evaluated using 131I
      for a SPECT system operated in both planar and tomographic imaging modes. The
      collimator was designed to minimize the influence of photon penetration on
      spatial resolution, in particular the resolution index FWTM. Overall spatial
      resolution for the planar imaging mode at 10 cm from the collimator face was
      found to be 11.6 mm FWHM and 21.6 mm FWHM. The corresponding transverse plane and
      slice thickness resolution was of the order of 17 mm FWHM and 31 mm FWTM, for a
      radius of rotation of 16 cm. A SPECT resolution phantom was imaged. Two quadrants
      of cold rods were well resolved, with rod dimensions of 16 and 12.7 mm
      respectively, the resolution being comparable to that obtained using 99Tcm (140
      keV) and a low-energy high-resolution collimator. NEMA sensitivity obtained was
      75 cpm/microCi 131I. The resolution measurements obtained suggest that this
      collimator should be useful for SPECT imaging with 131I in either
      radioimmunoimaging or radioimmunotherapy.

PMID- 3879948
TI  - Primary large cell lymphomas of the mediastinum: an analysis of 20 cases.
AB  - Malignant lymphomas originating primarily in the mediastinum consist
      predominantly of Hodgkin's disease of the nodular sclerosis type, lymphoblastic
      lymphomas, and large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of diffuse growth pattern
      (DHL). This analysis of 20 cases of primary mediastinal DHL presents the clinical
      and pathologic findings in nine patients with T-immunoblastic sarcoma (T-IBS),
      six with sclerosing variants of follicular center cell lymphoma (FCCL), and five
      with B-immunoblastic sarcoma (B-IBS). T-IBS patients were predominantly young
      adult women (mean age 31 years) presenting with relatively well confined
      mediastinal tumors; four of nine manifested the SVC syndrome. The
      immunomorphologic findings in T-IBS were similar to those of node-based
      peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Patients with FCCL and B-IBS were predominantly men,
      exhibited a broad age range, and presented with larger tumors with a high
      incidence of contiguous involvement of intrathoracic structures (83% in FCCL, 60%
      in B-IBS). Chemotherapeutic intervention attained CR in 19 of 20 patients, with
      14 of 20 remaining alive in relapse-free CR a median of 26 months after
      completion of therapy. Durable CR was attained in eight of nine T-IBS patients,
      in four of six patients with FCCL, and in three of five patients with B-IBS. The
      morphologic features of these lymphoma subtypes are presented in detail and
      discussed in relation to the complex differential diagnosis of mediastinal
      neoplasms.

PMID- 3879949
TI  - Dermatoglyphic analysis of patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - Dermatoglyphic features on fingers and palms were assayed in 50 male patients
      with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and in 36 families (184 family members, 1st
      degree male relatives). In patients significantly higher occurrence of whorls and
      arches on finger tips was found. Loops were significantly less frequent when
      compared to standard population patterns. Decreasing number of palmar patterns
      was found in AS patients. Distal position of triradius, as well as more frequent
      occurrence of t', t" make the difference between AS patients and Polish
      population. Main lines D, C, B, A in AS patients tend to end in areas of lower
      numbers (9,7,5,4). That makes a significant difference with results obtained from
      population studies (p less than 0.01). The main line D in the area 9 occurs more
      frequently in AS patients expressing HLA-B27 antigen than in patients not showing
      it (p less than 0.01).

PMID- 3879950
TI  - [Diffuse angiodysplasia of the small intestine].

PMID- 3879951
TI  - Uremic inhibitors of erythropoiesis.

PMID- 3879952
TI  - Changes in components of the contact activation following circulation of the
      blood within the heart lung machine.

PMID- 3879953
TI  - Blood-membrane interaction: C3a, an indicator of biocompatibility.
AB  - An interest in hemodialysis-related patient symptomatology dating back to the
      beginnings of maintenance hemodialysis (HD) therapy prompted our investigations
      to determine the etiology of such discomfort. Since the discovery by Craddock et
      al (1) of the activation of the alternative complement pathway by hemodialyzer
      membrane, our efforts toward defining the relationship of symptoms to complement
      activation have been done in collaboration with the Minnesota group. Results of
      an earlier blinded study, (2) and continuing investigations of HD membranes
      provide data which support the contention that complement activation, although
      not necessarily etiologic in the symptoms related to dialysis, serves as an
      indicator of membrane compatibility. These newer data reveal C3a rises in vivo
      and in vitro by a Japanese processed cuprammonium membrane for dialysis to be
      similar to cuprophane. In vivo C3a elevation using Travenol CA-110 hemodialyzers
      of cellulose acetate are significantly lower and are similar to earlier results
      obtained by cellulose acetate of CD manufacture.

PMID- 3879954
TI  - Ex vivo model for pre-clinical evaluation of dialyzers containing new membranes.
AB  - The ex vivo model which reflects hemodialysis modulating factors during the first
      twenty minutes of blood membrane interaction, is applicable as a pre-clinical
      test for new membranes. The biocompatibility of a new cellulosic membrane (MC)
      proved to be superior to regenerated cellulose and comparable to synthetic
      membranes such as PAN regarding complement activation.

PMID- 3879955
TI  - Cell electrophoretic investigations of peripheral blood lymphocytes during
      hemodialysis with different membranes.
AB  - Determining the relative percentage of LMC in PBL histograms of RDT patients
      during hemodialysis we observed a temporary decrease of the LMC proportion during
      the first 15 minutes of hemodialysis using Cuprophan in contrast to AN 69S and MC
      Cellulose. These results correlate with the increase of C3a plasma concentration
      and the decrease of total count of granulocytes. In all investigated RDT patients
      higher proportions of LMC could be found in relation to healthy donors already
      before dialysis treatment. Our study therefore seems to indicate that the
      application of cell electrophoresis is a useful method for the characterization
      of lymphocytes during extracorporeal circulation as an additional parameter of
      blood compatibility.

PMID- 3879956
TI  - AIDS--immunological aspects.

PMID- 3879957
TI  - In vitro immune modulation by thymosin alpha 1 in patients with head and neck
      squamous cell carcinoma.
AB  - To determine if patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma represent an
      appropriate population for immune reconstitution with thymosin alpha 1, leukocyte
      migration inhibition (LMI) in response to phytohemagglutinin was measured in 24
      previously untreated patients with head and neck cancer, and the in vitro effects
      of thymosin alpha 1 on migration inhibition were assessed. Compared to normal
      subjects, LMI was impaired in the head and neck cancer patients. Thymosin alpha
      1, in vitro, was associated with improvement in LMI in the cancer patients.
      Improvements in migration response with thymosin alpha 1 appeared to be
      independent of levels of various T-lymphocyte subpopulations. However, patients
      with a normal LMI response had lower suppressor/cytotoxic cell levels than normal
      subjects or patients with impaired LMI. The findings confirm prior reports of the
      effects of thymic hormones on lymphokine production in vitro and provide
      rationale for further clinical studies of thymosin alpha 1 in patients with head
      and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3879958
TI  - Non-circadian periodicity in the duration of the cell cycle and the G1 phase in
      the hindlimb epidermis of the anuran tadpole, Rana pipiens.
AB  - Using the percentage labeled mitoses method, seven cell cycle determinations were
      initiated at 6-hr intervals over a 36-hr span in order to see if the cell cycle
      in the tadpole hindlimb epidermis varied with time or showed rhythmicity. There
      was a pattern of two long cell cycles followed by a shorter one. Total cell cycle
      length (Tc) and the length of the G1 phase plus one-half of the mitotic time (TG1
      + 1/2M) fluctuated the most, although only TG1 + 1/2M varied significantly with
      the Chi-square test. The proportion of TC spent in each phase was also
      calculated. Only TG1 + 1/2M/TC had statistically significant fluctuations with
      time. Rhythmicity was analyzed by a computer program using the method of least
      squares for cosine curve fitting. Statistically significant ultradian rhythms of
      18.4 hr in TC, 18.5 hr in TG1 + 1/2M and 18.6 hr in TG1 + 1/2M/TC and the length
      of the DNA synthetic phase/total cell cycle length (TS/TC) were found. Circadian
      rhythmicity was not observed. The acrophases of the ultradian rhythms of TC and
      TG1 + 1/2M coincided, suggesting that the rhythm of TC was due mainly to
      variation in TG1 + 1/2M. In the absence of significant variation in TS, the
      longest phase of the cell cycle, whenever G1 + 1/2M was short, TS/TC increased,
      so that the 18.6 hr rhythm in TS/TC was also a result of the periodicity in TG1 +
      1/2M.

PMID- 3879959
TI  - [Effect of a stable galvanic current on the rate of healing and rehabilitation of
      radius fractures in a typical location].

PMID- 3879960
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of action of an antibody-targetted drug-carrier
      conjugate.
AB  - A conjugate of methotrexate-substituted human serum albumin (HSA) coupled to a
      monoclonal antibody (791T/36) recognizing osteogenic sarcoma cell lines has been
      reported previously to have good cytotoxicity and specificity in vitro (Garnett
      et al., 1983). Cytotoxicity was assessed by the median inhibition (IC50) of
      [75Se]selenomethionine uptake resulting from a 24-h incubation of conjugate with
      antigen-bearing 788T or 791T osteogenic sarcoma cell lines. In the present work,
      the properties of this conjugate have been investigated to determine whether
      cytotoxicity is optimal with respect to binding activity, and aspects of the
      mechanism of action investigated by the effects of specific inhibitors of
      biochemical processes on conjugate cytotoxicity. Conjugate cytotoxicity was
      reduced by ammonium chloride suggesting that endocytosis and an acidic internal
      compartment were involved in the mechanism of action. The specific inhibitors of
      proteinases leupeptin and E64 also reduced conjugate cytotoxicity, while the
      inhibitors pepstatin A and chymostatin had no effect, demonstrating that cysteine
      proteinases were involved. The inhibitor of methotrexate transport, folinic acid,
      reduced the cytotoxicity of conjugate more than that of free methotrexate whereas
      folic acid had no effect on either, indicating that the methotrexate transport
      system may still be involved but in a different manner to the free drug. The
      cytotoxicity of these conjugates is probably near optimal for maximum
      selectivity.

PMID- 3879961
TI  - The vigor of drug treatment in the control of hypertension: results from the
      Munich Blood Pressure Study.
AB  - The strength of antihypertensive drug treatment was investigated in a
      representative sample of the population of Munich. The Munich Blood Pressure
      Study, a cross-sectional study (MBS I) with follow-up one year later (MBS II) of
      a random sample of 3,198 citizens aged 30-69 years (response rate 69.3 percent)
      served as the data base. Using an empirical scale of the relative potency of
      antihypertensive drugs, the vigor of drug therapy was estimated. One unit of
      vigor was defined as the equivalent of the recommended average daily dose of the
      specific drug for long-term treatment. This index of therapeutic vigor was then
      applied to two groups, treated but uncontrolled hypertensives and controlled
      hypertensives. We found that 85 percent of the treated uncontrolled hypertensives
      and 90 percent of those with controlled hypertension were taking only small
      amounts of medication (less than two units of vigor). Particularly striking was
      the result that approximately 50 percent of each group received less than one
      unit of vigor. Based on these data it is concluded that physicians failed to
      prescribe adequate doses of antihypertensive agents for uncontrolled
      hypertensives. Furthermore, since a large number of patients had their blood
      pressure controlled by only very small doses of antihypertensive agents, it may
      be assumed that at least some of them did not require drug treatment or could
      have their blood pressure controlled by nonpharmacologic measures alone.

PMID- 3879962
TI  - Advances in controlling hypertension in low-income patients.
AB  - Since hypertension is the foremost problem in minority and low-income populations
      treated in our community health centers, in 1976 we introduced a protocol that
      standardized diagnostic criteria and a step-care approach to the treatment of
      hypertension. In 1980, we modified the original protocol with guidelines for
      dietary management and an outline for improving physician-patient communication
      and health education. We hypothesized that implementing the protocol (and later
      modifications) would be associated with improved identification and control of
      hypertension. We conducted a cross-sectional study of hypertensive patients'
      charts in three community health centers in 1973, 1978, and 1982, and determined
      the status of blood pressure (BP) control of those patients by the end of the
      year. In 1973 (before protocol), 4 percent of hypertensives were undiagnosed and
      untreated, and 20 percent were lost to follow-up. Among those who remained under
      care, only 33 percent were under control (BP less than 160/95 mm Hg). In 1978,
      two years after the protocol was introduced, there were fewer undiagnosed and
      untreated patients (2 percent), but the number lost to follow-up increased to 31
      percent. The proportion of hypertensives under control increased to 70 percent.
      In 1982, two years after the modifications to the protocol were introduced, the
      proportion of patients lost to follow-up decreased to 28 percent, and the
      proportion of patients with controlled blood pressure increased to 79 percent.
      The improved level of control was statistically significant at p less than .0001
      (chi-square test).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3879963
TI  - T-lymphocyte-subsets in endocrine exophthalmos.
AB  - Peripheral T-Lymphocyte subsets were analyzed with monolateral antibodies in 40
      patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. The 20 patients with untreated hyperthyroid
      exophthalmos showed a slight statistically not significant decrease in the
      percentage of total T-Lymphocytes and a statistically significant decrease with
      percentage of the OK T8 cells. No significant changes were observed in the
      percentage of OK T3 and OK T4 and OK T8 cells in patients with euthyroid
      exophthalmos under the drug treatment. These findings indicate the significant
      association of quantitative abnormality of suppressor-cytotoxic cells with
      untreated hyperthyroid exophthalmos.

PMID- 3879964
TI  - [Clinical study of interstitial pneumonia in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
      children under anti-cancer therapy].

PMID- 3879965
TI  - Pancreatic exocrine function in biliary tract diseases: stability test and
      clinical evaluation.

PMID- 3879966
TI  - Faculty learning styles.
AB  - Learning style is defined as an individual's preferred way of acquiring
      information. The purpose of this study was to determine the predominant learning
      styles of dental students in five consecutive classes and to determine the extent
      of the match or mismatch between student learning styles and faculty learning
      styles. Results indicate that a majority of students in the dental school classes
      possess one particular learning style--concrete sequential. Although slight
      differences did exist between the distributions of learning styles of the faculty
      and the dental school classes, the differences were not significant. Previous
      research has demonstrated that the typical dental school graduate has attributes
      similar to the concrete sequential learner. Based on this finding, it seems
      likely that most concrete sequential learners will adapt well to the private
      practice environment. An important question, however, is whether the contemporary
      dental school environment, which seems to encourage concrete sequential learning
      style, is conducive to the development of the intellectual and technical skills
      that dentists will need to practice in the 21st century.

PMID- 3879967
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of an HLA-DQ alpha chain derived from a DRw9 cell line:
      genetic and evolutionary implications.
AB  - Three families of human Ia molecules, DP, DQ, and DR, have previously been
      defined. A cDNA clone, pDSH-9.1, encoding the alpha chain of a DQ molecule
      derived from an HLA-DRw9 homozygous cell line has been isolated and sequenced.
      Comparison of the nucleotide and predicted protein sequence to those of other DQ
      alpha subunits reveals that DQ alpha subunits derived from DR4, -7, and -9 cells
      are very similar to each other but quite different from a DQ alpha subunit
      derived from a DRw6 cell line. These studies suggest that certain Ia haplotypes
      have a common evolutionary history. Furthermore, in the context of current
      serologic and biochemical knowledge, they suggest that the gene encoding the DQ
      alpha subunit is in strong linkage disequilibrium with the DR locus.

PMID- 3879968
TI  - Genetic polymorphism of complement component C8.
AB  - Extensive genetic polymorphism of complement component C8 was demonstrated by
      isoelectric focusing of serum or plasma samples followed by immunoblotting
      procedures. Using these methods, we could detect both alpha-gamma (C81) and beta
      (C82) chain polymorphisms in the same gel. Two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis
      of C8 immunoprecipitates was used to obtain further information of the C8
      patterns. Evidence was obtained that the C81 polymorphism resides in the
      structural gene of the C8 alpha chain. Both C8 systems show autosomal, chiefly
      codominant inheritance, and the distribution of phenotypes agrees with the Hardy
      Weinberg equilibrium. Our findings suggest at least five different alleles in the
      C81 system; the gene frequencies of the two most common ones, C81*A and C81*B
      being 0.59 and 0.39, respectively. In C82 we found evidence for at least three
      codominant alleles, the gene frequencies for the two most common ones, C82*B and
      C82*A being 0.94 and 0.05, respectively. In addition, family studies disclosed
      the existence of a null allele, C82*Q0.

PMID- 3879969
TI  - Nucleotide sequence and topography of chicken c-fps. Genesis of a retroviral
      oncogene encoding a tyrosine-specific protein kinase.
AB  - We isolated molecular clones of chicken DNA that carry portions of the cellular
      proto-oncogene c-fps and then determined the nucleotide sequence of all regions
      of the gene that are related to the retroviral oncogene v-fps. The homology of v
      fps within c-fps resides on at least 19 interspersed segments, 17 of which
      represent complete exons and two of which may represent only portions of exons.
      Fusion of these segments reconstructs a facsimile of v-fps. The arrangement of
      introns and exons within c-fps differs from that of the related proto-oncogene c
      src in the domains of the two genes that encode tyrosine-specific protein kinase
      activity. It therefore appears likely that the introns arose subsequent to the
      gene duplication that engendered c-src and c-fps. The data also reveal potential
      junctions between viral and cellular domains in the genomes of two independently
      isolated avian sarcoma viruses (the PRCII and Fujinami strains). The lefthand
      junctions can be well defined: they occur at the same position in c-fps but at
      different positions in the viral gene gag. The righthand junctions cannot be
      defined as precisely because they include a sequence of 10 to 15 nucleotides
      whose origin is not known. In the genome of PRCII virus, the composition of this
      sequence suggests that it arose from the polyadenylated 3' terminus of the c-fps
      messenger RNA. If this deduction proves to be correct, the data will provide
      direct evidence that the righthand recombination during transduction by
      retroviruses occurs between RNA intermediates. Irrespective of these ambiguities,
      both junctions are located within exons of c-fps, and both may have been formed
      by non-homologous recombination (although the evidence for the latter statement
      is not decisive). A sequence of 1020 nucleotides has been deleted from the
      transduced version of c-fps in the genome of PRCII virus, apparently by
      homologous recombination between sequences repeated within c-fps. Fujinami virus
      may contain the entire coding domain of c-fps, but mutations have created 26
      amino acid substitutions in the viral version of the gene. By contrast, the
      partially deleted version of c-fps in PRCII virus contains no mutations that
      would alter the amino acid sequence.

PMID- 3879970
TI  - Rat lens beta-crystallins are internally duplicated and homologous to gamma
      crystallins.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of two cloned rat lens beta-crystallin cDNAs pRL beta B3
      2 and pRL beta B1-3 has been determined. pRL beta B3-2 contains the complete
      coding information for a beta-crystallin, designated beta B3, of 210 amino acid
      residues. pRL beta B1-3 is incomplete at its 5' end; the 5' codogenic information
      which is not present in this cDNA clone was deduced from the cloned gene. pRL
      beta B1-3 codes for a beta-crystallin polypeptide, designated beta B1, whose full
      length is 247 amino acid residues. Considerable sequence homology is noted
      between the amino- and carboxy-terminal halves of each protein. The two rat beta
      crystallins show a substantial sequence homology with each other (60%) as well as
      with the published sequences of rat gamma-crystallin (37%) and bovine and murine
      beta-crystallins (55 and 45%). All these proteins have a two-domain structure
      which, like the bovine gamma II-crystallin, might be folded into four remarkably
      similar protein motifs. Our data further indicate that the beta-crystallins can
      be subdivided into two groups which are evolutionarily related. Both groups are,
      although more distantly, also related to the gamma-crystallins.

PMID- 3879971
TI  - The FLP recombinase of the 2 micron circle DNA of yeast: interaction with its
      target sequences.
AB  - We have studied the interaction of purified FLP protein with restriction
      fragments from the substrate 2mu circle DNA of yeast. We find that FLP protects
      about 50 bp of DNA from nonspecific nuclease digestion. The protected site
      consists of two 13 bp inverted repeat sequences separated by an 8 bp spacer
      region. A third 13 bp element is also protected by binding of the FLP protein. We
      demonstrate that FLP introduces single- and double-strand breaks into the
      substrate DNA. This site-specific cleavage occurs at the margins of the spacer
      region, generating 8 bp 5' protruding ends with 5'-OH and 3'-protein-bound
      termini. Binding to mutant sites and half-sites demonstrates that the third
      symmetry element is not important for binding and cleavage by the FLP protein.
      The integrity of the core region is important for the cleavage activity of FLP.

PMID- 3879972
TI  - Structure and transcription of a telomeric surface antigen gene of Trypanosoma
      brucei.
AB  - The gene encoding variant surface glycoprotein 221 in Trypanosoma brucei is
      located adjacent to a chromosome end and can be activated with or without a
      concomitant gene duplication. To test whether transcription initiates within the
      cloned segment of the 221 gene, we analyzed nascent and stable transcripts. We
      show here that the 221 coding region and 8.5 kilobases of adjacent upstream DNA
      are transcribed into nascent RNA at a similar rate when gene 221 is activated
      without duplication. Since only part of this transcribed upstream segment is
      transferred with the coding region to another telomere upon duplicative
      activation of gene 221, we infer that initiation of variant surface glycoprotein
      gene transcription occurs outside the gene segment that moves into an expression
      site by gene conversion. Our analysis shows that part of the variant surface
      glycoprotein 221 transcription unit consists of an unusual 3.5-kilobase tandem
      array of ca. 50 repeat segments and that a rearrangement in this array
      accompanies the nonduplicative activation of gene 221. A variant surface
      glycoprotein pseudogene is located within the transcription unit of gene 221, and
      we discuss models that account for this unusual situation.

PMID- 3879973
TI  - Cryptic branch point activation allows accurate in vitro splicing of human beta
      globin intron mutants.
AB  - The excised introns of pre-mRNAs and intron-containing splicing intermediates are
      in a lariat configuration in which the 5' end of the intron is linked by a 2'-5'
      phosphodiester bond (RNA branch) to a single adenosine residue near the 3' end of
      the intron. To determine the role of the specific sequence surrounding the RNA
      branch, we have mutated the branch point sequence of the human beta-globin IVS1.
      Pre-mRNAs lacking the authentic branch point sequence are accurately spliced in
      vitro; processing of the mutant pre-mRNAs generates RNA lariats due to the
      activation of cryptic branch points within IVS1. The cryptic branch points always
      occur at adenosine residues, but the sequences surrounding the branched
      nucleotide vary. Regardless of the type of mutation or the sequences remaining
      within IVS1, the cryptic branch points are 22 to 37 nucleotides upstream of the
      3' splice site. These results suggest that RNA branch point selection is
      primarily based on a mechanism that measures the distance from the 3' splice
      site.

PMID- 3879974
TI  - Cloning and characterization of the bovine gene for steroid 21-hydroxylase (P
      450c21).
AB  - Steroid 21-hydroxylase activity is required for the synthesis of both cortisol
      and aldosterone. Using two manually synthesized oligonucleotide probes, we
      screened a bovine genomic DNA library and identified a phage, lambda E11,
      carrying the gene for the steroid 21-hydroxylase, P-450c21. The identity of
      lambda E11 was initially proven by initiating dideoxy sequencing from the two
      oligonucleotides directly on the full-length, uncleaved phage template.
      Hybridization of total bovine genomic DNA to lambda E11 restriction fragments
      indicates the presence of repetitive sequences in or near the P-450c21 gene.
      Northern blots indicate that the mature mRNA exists in two principal forms of
      about 2.2 and 2.4 kb in length. Southern blots indicate there are two copies of
      the gene in the bovine genome. Sequence analysis of a 1141-bp Eco RI fragment of
      the gene shows three complete exons and a portion of a fourth exon, correctly
      determining the amino acid sequence of 148 amino acids of this important enzyme.
      This cloned 1141-bp fragment cross-hybridizes to human genomic DNA, indicating it
      should be a useful probe for studying the human P-450c21 gene in patients having
      impaired 21-hydroxylase activity.

PMID- 3879975
TI  - The "beta-like-globin" gene domain in human erythroid cells.
AB  - We have mapped the distribution of the major and minor DNase I-hypersensitive
      sites in the human "beta-like-globin" gene domain. The minor DNase I
      hypersensitive sites map close to the 5' end of each of the beta-like-globin
      genes. Their presence is specifically associated with the transcription of the
      immediate downstream beta-like-globin genes. The major DNase I-hypersensitive
      sites map in what appear to be the 5' and 3' boundary areas of the human beta
      like-globin gene domain, a region estimated to span at least 90 kilobases of DNA.
      These major sites are present in various erythroid cells, which express
      predominantly either the embryonic, the fetal, or the adult beta-like-globin
      genes, and seem to be involved in defining the active beta-like-globin genes
      domain in cells of erythroid lineage. The four major DNase I-hypersensitive sites
      in the 5' boundary area, when correlated with sequencing data, are shown to be
      located in DNA regions containing enhancer core-like sequences and alternating
      purine and pyrimidine bases.

PMID- 3879977
TI  - [Proceedings of the 19th annual meeting of the German Society of Biomedical
      Technology. 18-20 September 1985, Stuttgart. Abstracts].

PMID- 3879976
TI  - The 1A protein gene of human respiratory syncytial virus: nucleotide sequence of
      the mRNA and a related polycistronic transcript.
AB  - The 1A mRNA is the smallest mRNA of human respiratory syncytial (RS) virus and
      encodes a single protein of approximate molecular weight 9500 as estimated
      previously by gel electrophoresis. The nucleotide sequence of the 1A mRNA,
      determined from several full-length cDNA clones, is reported. The 1A mRNA
      consists of 405 nucleotides, exclusive of poly(A), with relatively long
      nontranslated regions at the 5' and 3' ends (84 and 126 nucleotides,
      respectively). The sequences at the 5' and 3' termini of the 1A mRNA conform to
      the previously described conserved consensus sequences for RS virus mRNAs. The
      major open reading frame of the 1A mRNA codes for a hydrophobic polypeptide of 64
      amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 7536. The 5' terminus of the 1A
      mRNA was mapped and sequenced by primer extension under conditions for sequencing
      by partial chain termination. These experiments also identified a population of
      polycistronic RNA having the general structure: 5' M protein mRNA-1A mRNA 3'.
      This polytranscript was sequenced in order to determine the intergenic sequence.
      In the polytranscript, the nucleotide sequence of the M gene is followed by, in
      mRNA sense, six A residues and the intergenic sequence 5' ... UAUACACNN (N
      represents unidentified nucleotide).

PMID- 3879978
TI  - Nursing management of stroke: acute care--Part I.

PMID- 3879980
TI  - Homology of repeated DNA sequences in Vigna species.

PMID- 3879979
TI  - Nursing management of stroke: acute care--Part II.

PMID- 3879981
TI  - Effects of oxygen on ferrous sulphate induced lipid peroxidation in liposomal
      membrane.

PMID- 3879982
TI  - Purification and characterization of amidating enzyme from nuclei of gamma
      irradiated potato buds.

PMID- 3879983
TI  - Purification and properties of phospholipase A2 of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni.

PMID- 3879984
TI  - Chromatofocusing separation of functional units of scorpion hemocyanin and their
      Ca2+ binding characteristics.

PMID- 3879985
TI  - Natural plant enzyme inhibitors: comparison of the action of tuber protease
      inhibitors on animal pancreatic systems.

PMID- 3879987
TI  - Effects of heat-treatment and 60 Co-gamma-ray irradiation on human teeth.

PMID- 3879986
TI  - Alternative pathway of glucose metabolism in developing human foetal heart.

PMID- 3879988
TI  - Stress relaxation behavior of binary mixtures of waxes.

PMID- 3879989
TI  - Electrochemical measurement of oxygen in liquid Ni-based alloys--the effects of
      Cu and Cr as additive elements.

PMID- 3879990
TI  - Dimensional changes of luting cements after setting.

PMID- 3879991
TI  - Viscoelastic properties of oral soft tissue. 1. A method of determining elastic
      modulus of oral soft tissue.

PMID- 3879992
TI  - Water sorption, solubility and staining properties of microfilled resins polished
      by various methods.

PMID- 3879993
TI  - Color and optical properties of posterior composites under accelerated aging.

PMID- 3879994
TI  - Characterization of low and high copper amalgam alloys and the effects of mixing
      time on their properties. Part 2. Microscopic observations.

PMID- 3879995
TI  - Evaluation of conventional and microfilled composite resins using an acoustic
      emission technique.

PMID- 3879996
TI  - Analysis of luting cement powders and liquids.

PMID- 3879997
TI  - Fluid behavior of root canal paste (Part 2). Fluid behavior of Calvital.

PMID- 3879998
TI  - Effect of mercury to alloy ratio on the hardness of low and high copper amalgams:
      a comparison with central and marginal regions.

PMID- 3879999
TI  - Distribution of hardness of amalgam restorations made from low and high copper
      alloys.

PMID- 3880000
TI  - Relationship between polymerization shrinkage of matrix-monomers and marginal
      leakage of composite resins.

PMID- 3880001
TI  - Syntheses and physical properties of polyfunctional methacrylates (6). Physical
      properties of spiro dimethacrylate copolymer.

PMID- 3880002
TI  - pH determinations on the surface of luting cements. I. A test method.

PMID- 3880003
TI  - In vitro adherence of Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556 to various dental cements.

PMID- 3880004
TI  - Differences in surface roughness between up and down cutting and grinding on
      composite resins.

PMID- 3880005
TI  - Biocompatibility test of light-cured composites in vitro.

PMID- 3880006
TI  - What does it mean to be modal?

PMID- 3880007
TI  - Stereoscopic computed three-dimensional surface displays.
AB  - Stereoscopic displays of certain anatomic areas are said consistently to provide
      clinical information that is not recognized in monoscopic viewing. Computed 3-D
      displays entail no extra patient irradiation.

PMID- 3880008
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of primary malignant bone tumors.
AB  - The authors report a retrospective study that suggests that MRI may be superior
      to CT for the preoperative evaluation of bone tumors.

PMID- 3880009
TI  - Anatomic correlations of magnetic resonance images with cadaver cryosections.
AB  - The authors present here a correlation of the normal anatomy of the pelvis, as
      depicted by MRI in multiple planes, with corresponding cadaveric specimens.

PMID- 3880010
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of discrete and conglomerate retroperitoneal lymph
      node masses.
AB  - In the identification of discrete and conglomerate retroperitoneal lymph node
      masses, MRI and CT performed equally well. No specific MRI characteristics were
      identified.

PMID- 3880011
TI  - Aberrant carotid artery: radiologic diagnosis with emphasis on high-resolution
      computed tomography.
AB  - The authors here enumerate the high resolution CT findings they believe
      distinguish this lesion from other retrotympanic pulsatile masses.

PMID- 3880012
TI  - Methods of technique selection in radiographic imaging.
AB  - All methods of technique selection are capable of producing high quality
      radiographs on a consistent basis. Each has its own specific advantages and
      disadvantages. These advantages and disadvantages need to be carefully considered
      to determine the appropriateness of a given method for a given imaging situation.

PMID- 3880013
TI  - Inability of chemically generated singlet oxygen to break the DNA backbone.
AB  - The capacity of a photodynamic and a chemical source of singlet molecular oxygen
      to cause DNA strand breakage at pH 7.8 was compared in the following systems: (1)
      dissolved rose bengal plus light (400-660 nm), (2) a novel water-soluble
      naphthalene-derived endoperoxide showing temperature-dependent singlet oxygen
      release, in the absence of light. Covalently closed circular DNA was efficiently
      converted to the open (relaxed) form upon exposure to dissolved rose bengal plus
      light in a time-dependent reaction, showing that this system was capable of
      causing DNA strand breakage at pH 7.8. The reaction was greatly reduced under
      hypoxic conditions (less than 5 p.p.m. O2), was stimulated when using D2O instead
      of H2O as a solvent and was not inhibitable by superoxide dismutase, indicating
      that singlet oxygen was a critical intermediate. However, comparatively large
      fluxes of singlet oxygen generated by the endoperoxide completely failed to
      produce DNA strand breaks. We conclude that, although singlet oxygen seems to
      play a role in DNA strand breakage by rose bengal plus light, singlet oxygen per
      se is very inefficient if not completely incapable of causing DNA strand
      breakage.

PMID- 3880014
TI  - The determination of dehydroascorbic acid and ascorbic acid in the serum and
      synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
AB  - Using a novel high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of
      ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid, we have measured the relative amounts of
      ascorbate and dehydroascorbate in 20 normal controls and in paired sera and
      synovial fluid from 13 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In complete
      contrast to previous published findings we were able to detect dehydroascorbate
      in normal human sera (12.0 +/- 3.7 mumol/l), while the mean and range of
      ascorbate measured in normals was 69.6 +/- 20.6 mumol/l. These findings were
      completely reversed in rheumatoid sera (21.8 +/- 8.6 mumol/l and 5.1 +/- 5.0
      mumol/l for dehydroascorbate and ascorbic acid respectively). In several
      rheumatoid sera no ascorbate could be detected. In paired synovial fluid and
      serum samples, there was always more dehydroascorbate detected in synovial fluids
      than in the corresponding sera (p less than 0.01). The data suggests that the
      reduced level of ascorbate and increased level of dehydroascorbate may be a
      reflection of the increased antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity of
      the vitamin in RA, especially within the inflamed joint.

PMID- 3880015
TI  - Oxidative effects of iron on erythrocytes.
AB  - In this work we have investigated the effects of iron-induced free radical
      formation in normal human erythrocytes in vitro, as a model system for studying
      iron damage, and in erythrocytes from patients with beta-thalassaemia major. The
      resulting oxidative effects were measured in terms of methaemoglobin formation
      and reduced glutathione loss. The effects of desferrioxamine, an iron-chelating
      agent, were also investigated. The results show that the increased methaemoglobin
      formation after iron-induced oxidative stress is consistent with a decline in the
      intracellular glutathione levels and that this process is inhibited by
      desferrioxamine. Similar treatment of red cell haemolysates produces less
      methaemoglobin. This suggests that, on exposure of intact erythrocytes to iron
      induced free radical effects, the red cell membrane exacerbates the breakdown of
      the antioxidant defences of the cell and the oxidation of haemoglobin.

PMID- 3880016
TI  - Effect of ascorbate on red blood cell lipid peroxidation.
AB  - The present study investigates the effect of ascorbate on red cell lipid
      peroxidation. At a concentration between 0.2 mmol - 20 mmol/1 ascorbic acid
      reduces hydrogen peroxide-induced red blood cell lipid peroxidation resulting in
      a marked decrease in ethane and pentane production as well as in haemolysis.
      Ascorbic acid also shows an antioxidant effect on chelated iron-catalyzed
      hydrogen peroxide-induced peroxidation of erythrocyte membranes. At a
      concentration of 10 mmol/1 ascorbic acid totally inhibits oxidative break-down of
      polyunsaturated fatty acids by radicals originating from hydrogen peroxide. Our
      results indicate that ascorbate at the chosen concentration has an antioxidant
      effect on red blood cell lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 3880018
TI  - Lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3880017
TI  - Free radicals appear to affect survival of hepatocytes at 4 degrees C.
AB  - 1) Rat hepatocytes, stored in a simple salts medium for 24 h at 4 degrees C,
      retain more than 80% of their capacity to synthesize glucose from lactate. 2) The
      combination of NH4Cl with oleate is cytotoxic during storage and during
      subsequent incubation of hepatocytes from 48 h starved rats, but not to
      hepatocytes from fed rats. 3) Protection against cytotoxicity is afforded by
      albumin and by a number of other compounds, notably polyols and glycerol. 4)
      These compounds appear to exert their effects by scavenging free radicals and, in
      the case of polyols and glycerol, by supplying reducing equivalents to maintain
      the redox state of the cell in the face of increased flux through glutathione
      peroxidase.

PMID- 3880019
TI  - Lupus erythematosus in neonates, children, and adolescents.
AB  - Neonatal LE should be suspected in any infant with an erythematous or scaling
      dermatitis, especially if it is distributed on the head and neck or if there is a
      history of photosensitivity. It should also be suspected in any infant with
      congenital heart block. A biopsy, though helpful, is not necessary since the
      diagnostic abnormality is the presence of anti-Ro(SSA) antibodies in infant's
      serum. When the disease is diagnosed, the infant can be effectively treated with
      a mild topical steroid and sun avoidance, with or without sun-screens, until the
      age of 12 months when the autoantibodies have presumably degraded. The child then
      should be observed periodically through adulthood for the onset of SLE. Mothers
      of infants with neonatal LE need to be checked for the presence of anti-Ro
      antibodies and SLE, Sjogren's syndrome, or thyroiditis. The recurrence of
      neonatal LE in some, but not all, future pregnancies must be anticipated. As more
      of these infants are followed into adulthood, we will learn how often neonatal LE
      is a marker for adult-onset SLE.

PMID- 3880020
TI  - Management of cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3880021
TI  - Lupus erythematosus in small animals.

PMID- 3880022
TI  - Histopathology of cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
AB  - The basic histopathologic feature of all cutaneous lesions of lupus erythematosus
      involves a perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrate with subsequent involvement
      of the epidermis and appendages. The various histologic alterations affecting the
      epidermis, dermis, and adnexal structures reflect the particular type of lesion
      biopsied and the duration of the lesion at the time of biopsy. The different
      clinical and serologic forms of lupus erythematosus cannot reliably be
      distinguished histologically, which supports the premise that lupus erythematosus
      is a disease with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations but with a common
      underlying pathogenesis.

PMID- 3880023
TI  - Discoid lupus erythematosus--variants and clinical associations.

PMID- 3880024
TI  - Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3880025
TI  - Mixed connective tissue disease.

PMID- 3880026
TI  - HPV-associated intraepithelial neoplasia of external genitalia.

PMID- 3880027
TI  - The treatment of warts.

PMID- 3880028
TI  - Technique of cryotherapy.

PMID- 3880030
TI  - Effects of temperature change on the conduction velocity and refractory period of
      isolated post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers to hamster submandibular gland.

PMID- 3880029
TI  - Epidemiology of HPV infections.

PMID- 3880031
TI  - Structure of lipopolysaccharide from Bacteroides gingivalis.

PMID- 3880032
TI  - [The Guilford Zimmerman Temperament Survey (GZTS): concurrent criterion validity.
      Study of a sample of 150 pilot cadets of the Aeronautics Academy of Pozzuoli].

PMID- 3880033
TI  - [Aerospace psychology with notes on psychopathology. 1].

PMID- 3880034
TI  - [Pathology of the cervical spine in helicopter pilots (posture, etiopathogenesis,
      case series)].

PMID- 3880035
TI  - [Evaluation of cardiorespiratory and muscular function in healthy subjects at
      1650 m. above sea level].

PMID- 3880036
TI  - [Aerospace psychology with notes on psychopathology. 2].

PMID- 3880037
TI  - [Automated information system of the Medico-Legal Institutes of Military
      Aeronautics].

PMID- 3880038
TI  - [Critical notes on percentages of invalidity concerning eye diseases].

PMID- 3880039
TI  - [Prevention of amblyopia].

PMID- 3880040
TI  - [Aerospace psychology with notes on psychopathology. 3].

PMID- 3880041
TI  - The acute attack of porphyria.

PMID- 3880042
TI  - Drug therapy in the acute porphyrias.

PMID- 3880043
TI  - Porphyria in animals.

PMID- 3880044
TI  - Biochemical diagnosis of the porphyrias.

PMID- 3880045
TI  - Chemistry and biochemistry of the porphyrins and porphyrias.

PMID- 3880046
TI  - Lipid microspheres as novel drug carriers.
AB  - SUMMARY: Lipid microsphere preparations of corticosteroid, non-steroid anti
      inflammatory drugs and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) all showed more potent activity
      than the free drugs. Lipo-PGE1 in particular was significantly more active than
      free PGE1 at about one-tenth the dose of free PGE1. A large mass of data obtained
      in studies of liposomes suggest many applications for the lipid microsphere,
      which is considered to be a very promising carrier in drug delivery systems.

PMID- 3880047
TI  - Electron microscopic studies on tissue distribution of lipid microspheres used as
      drug delivery carriers.
AB  - The tissue distribution of lipid microspheres (LMs), drug carriers for targeting
      therapy of anti-inflammatory drugs, was morphologically studied by electron
      microscope. In areas of inflammation in rats and mice, LMs were taken up by
      macrophages and accumulated around endothelial cells of blood vessels, and were
      observed to penetrate to the outer layer of blood vessels. LMs were also observed
      in reticuloendothelial cells such as Kupffer cells and splenic macrophages.
      Furthermore, the uptake of LMs by polymorphonucleocytes (PMNs) in areas of
      inflammation was enhanced 2-3 fold when LMs were coated with homogeneous IgG.
      These findings are in agreement with the tissue distribution results previously
      reported by the authors in studies using radioisotope-labelled LMs. The present
      and previous reports indicate that LMs could be used as a novel drug carrier,
      similarly to liposomes, in a drug delivery system specific for areas of
      inflammation and reticuloendothelial systems.

PMID- 3880048
TI  - Development of a corticosteroid incorporated in lipid microspheres (liposteroid).
AB  - Anti-inflammatory properties of liposteroid, a lipid emulsion containing
      dexamethasone palmitate in the particles, were investigated in comparison with
      those of water-soluble dexamethasone phosphate. In the acute inflammatory model
      of carrageenin oedema in rats, liposteroid was as effective as dexamethasone
      phosphate, whereas liposteroid was twice as effective on formalin granuloma, 3.3
      times on adjuvant arthritis and 5.3 times on carrageenin granuloma in rats.
      Distribution of dexamethasone to the inflammatory lesion in rats with adjuvant
      arthritis was markedly higher in the liposteroid group than in the dexamethasone
      phosphate group: 1.5 times higher in 2-6 hours and approximately twice in 24 h.
      The uptake rate of steroid by rat peritoneal macrophages was greater with
      liposteroid than with dexamethasone phosphate. Furthermore, the inhibitory
      effects of liposteroid on Fc receptor dependent phagocytosis activity, superoxide
      anion release and chemotaxis of the macrophages were more potent than those of
      dexamethasone phosphate. Dexamethasone palmitate itself had very weak activity
      compared with dexamethasone in the blanching phenomena test in volunteers and
      dexamethasone palmitate in liposteroid was hydrolysed to dexamethasone in human
      monocytes. This study suggests that corticosteroids incorporated in lipid
      emulsions are taken up by the macrophages to a much greater extent than free
      corticosteroids and strongly suppress macrophage functions, resulting in stronger
      anti-inflammatory activity.

PMID- 3880049
TI  - Prostaglandin E1 incorporated in lipid microspheres (lipo PGE1).
AB  - Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was incorporated into soybean oil microspheres 0.2 micron
      in diameter, using lecithin as surfactant. The pharmacological effects of this
      new galenic form of PGE1 (lipo PGE1) was evaluated in experimental peripheral
      arterial occlusive disease in rats and in an ex vivo antithrombosis test in rats.
      It was shown in the experiments that lipo PGE1 had a more marked protective
      effect in arterial occlusive tissue injury caused by lauric acid and a more
      potent platelet aggregation inhibitory effect than PGE1. Total radioisotope
      activity of 3H-PGE1 in lipid microspheres in blood was higher and persisted
      longer than that of PGE1 in rats. These results suggested that the favourable
      features of lipo PGE1 depended on protection against inactivation in the lung and
      its targeting effect to tissues injured by arterial occlusion.

PMID- 3880050
TI  - Recent advances in the use of microspheres for targeted therapy.
AB  - In recent years the concept of using small colloidal particles for the selective
      delivery of drugs has been explored experimentally using a variety of different
      physical systems (for example, phospholipid vesicles (liposomes), triglyceride
      emulsions, albumin microspheres) and routes of administration. In such studies
      the aim has been to target a potent pharmacological agent on an organ or tissue
      site, thereby reducing adverse reactions and side-effects, or to provide a means
      of controlled release. The design of appropriate delivery systems must take into
      account the nature of the target and physiological barriers to targeting as well
      as factors such as drug loading and drug release, stability of the carrier system
      and its biocompatibility and biodegradation. Targeting with microspheres can be
      divided into passive methods that rely upon physiological and physicochemical
      determinants such as entrapment in capillary beds (lungs - particle size) or
      uptake by phagocytic cells (liver-surface characteristics), an active method
      whereby the particle is directed to a specific site through the use of surface
      coatings (surfactants, glycolipids, monoclonal antibodies) or a material
      sensitive to an external influence. Candidate systems presently under study are
      described. These include lipid emulsions for intravenous administration and
      microspheres for intra-articular delivery.

PMID- 3880051
TI  - New lipoxygenase inhibitors isolated from Chinese plants. Development of new anti
      allergic drugs.
AB  - Some natural compounds isolated from Chinese plants were found to have strong
      inhibitory activity for 5-lipoxygenase and were thus able to inhibit leucotriene
      synthesis. Among these compounds, caffeic acid was selected for study; more than
      100 of its derivatives were synthesized and tested for 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory
      activity. Two derivatives, TMK-919 and TMK-920, proved to be 100 times more
      potent than the parent compound and were able to inhibit the homologous PCA
      reaction significantly in rats at a dose of 10 mg/kg, i.v.

PMID- 3880052
TI  - Antitracheobronchospastic interaction in vitro and in vivo between salbutamol and
      flunisolide.
AB  - Salbutamol and flunisolide, when administered in association, are able to
      potentiate their effects both in vitro and in vivo on relaxation of the
      tracheobronchial smooth muscle of the guinea-pig.

PMID- 3880053
TI  - The pharmacodynamics of thymomodulin in elderly humans.
AB  - It has been shown that, after oral administration of thymomodulin (Leucotrofina,
      Ellem Industria Farmaceutica SpA, Milan, Italy) nude mice show in their sera
      inductive activity on null cells, as measured by the Thy 1.2 antigen bioassay.
      The appearance of thymic hormone-like activity, as measured by the rosette
      inhibition assay, was investigated after oral administration of thymomodulin in
      elderly humans, who show no detectable levels of FTS ("facteur thymique serique")
      in their serum. In human subjects over 70 years old, thymomodulin administration
      induced the appearance of FTS-like activity which reached maximum level at 2-6 h,
      was maintained for up to 12 h and disappeared by the 48th hour. By using
      different thymomodulin doses (80, 160, 320, 640, 800 mg) in a single
      administration, a dose-dependent effect appeared to exist: the higher the dose,
      the longer the maintenance of FTS levels. These data suggest that oral
      administration of thymomodulin induces, in humans, the appearance in the serum of
      substances with a modulating effect on the maturation of T-cells, and that the
      intestinal absorption of thymomodulin is efficient also in advanced age.

PMID- 3880054
TI  - Determining the costs of self-study for accreditation: a method and a rationale.
AB  - Current economic conditions have produced a resurgence of concern among health
      professions educational institutions about the costs of accreditation. Cost
      issues cannot be satisfactorily addressed until appropriate methods of cost
      determination are established and widely applied. This report describes a
      methodology which was successfully applied in one school and may serve as a model
      for other institutions and programs.

PMID- 3880055
TI  - The relative importance of supportive data for promotion and tenure reviews.
AB  - Tenured and tenure-track faculty in 21 schools of allied health in the Midwest
      were surveyed by a questionnaire to identify (1) the relative importance of the
      variety of documents allied health faculty may submit for promotion and tenure
      reviews and (2) the congruence between the real and ideal value of the major
      areas of faculty responsibility. The responses indicated that of 48 examples of
      documents faculty may submit, only ten were considered to be essential or to have
      a desirable effect on pursuits, but none to teaching, public service, or patient
      care. The most important activity contributing toward advancement was reported to
      be research/publication, even though faculty believed it should be teaching. The
      results of the study will be valuable to candidates preparing dossiers for
      promotion and tenure and to administrators and other educators involved in
      advising faculty.

PMID- 3880056
TI  - Clinical research: the case study and single-subject designs.
AB  - The case study and single-subject research designs are presented as methods of
      increasing the research productivity of allied health clinicians. The AB, ABAB,
      ABAC, multiple-baseline, multiple-treatment, and changing-criterion designs are
      discussed. Clinical examples illustrate use of these designs. Methods of data
      evaluation are briefly described.

PMID- 3880057
TI  - An analysis of response changes on objective test questions.
AB  - Response changes of two classes of 30 dental hygiene students each were tabulated
      on multiple-choice questions on quizzes, midterms, and final examinations.
      Response changes were classified as wrong to right, right to wrong, or wrong to
      wrong. Despite educational myths that changing answers is harmful, significantly
      more responses were changed from wrong to right than from right to wrong. There
      were more answers changed for test items of low and moderate difficulty than high
      difficulty. Students ranked in the top third of the class made the fewest number
      of response changes. A comparison of actual and revised grades showed that the
      response changes significantly improved grades. Faculty should encourage students
      to examine their own pattern of response changes and use this information to
      their advantage when taking objective tests.

PMID- 3880059
TI  - Professionalism: the eye of the beholder.

PMID- 3880058
TI  - Test-taking intervention: associated effects on an allied health certifying
      examination.
AB  - An interventionist approach focusing primarily on effective test-taking methods,
      but also emphasizing self-assessment and self-directed learning, was employed in
      efforts to enhance a class of medical technology students' performance on the
      ASCP Registry Examination for medical technologists. The class receiving
      intervention was compared with two other groups of medical technology students.
      ANOVA indicated significant differences in performances with the intervention
      group showing the highest mean performance on the Registry Examination. The
      results suggest the applied intervention approach can significantly influence
      Registry exam performance.

PMID- 3880060
TI  - The use of individualized contract plans as a method of performance evaluation
      for allied health faculty.
AB  - Results from a two-year study of the individualized contract plan (ICP) approach
      to faculty evaluation indicate this is a workable method of performance
      evaluation for allied health faculty. The ICP was found to be individualized,
      systematic, flexible, and objective. Faculty members and department chairpersons
      differed in their perception of the effectiveness of the ICP, but both groups
      supported its continued use. Five major recommendations were made regarding the
      continued use of the ICP as a method of faculty performance evaluation: (1)
      separate evaluation and professional development aspects, (2) link results to the
      institutional reward structure, (3) administer the ICP uniformly among
      departments, (4) develop a monitoring mechanism, and (5) foster open
      communication among all participants in the system.

PMID- 3880061
TI  - Malpractice liability of allied health professionals: developments in an area of
      critical concern.
AB  - Malpractice litigation has become a serious concern of health professionals, as
      well as a contributor to escalating health-care costs. Allied health
      professionals have had their conduct called into question in a number of such
      suits, but so far these have received little scholarly attention. The developing
      body of allied health professions law is described and analyzed herein, with
      particular attention given to the issues of fact and law that are most frequently
      disputed. The need for legal development that includes sensitivity to the
      knowledge, abilities, and practices distinctive to the various health professions
      is stressed.

PMID- 3880062
TI  - Increasing team skills: an evaluation of program effectiveness.
AB  - The need for health professionals with caring values and good communication
      skills is well established. To develop these skills requires building self
      esteem, as is supported by the work of Carl Rogers, Maslow, and Jourard, and the
      development of communication skills, as is supported by Carkhuff. A six-hour
      developmental program was evaluated using alternate forms of the highly validated
      Personal Skills Map. The differences in participants' scores showed increases in
      self-esteem, comfort, and management skills (p less than .00), while aggression
      (p = .05) and deference (p less than .00) decreased. A longitudinal follow-up of
      participants showed that 65% continued to use the assessment tool six months to
      one year later. The program appears to be well suited for service settings,
      continuing education, and academic settings, and meets the need of a high tech,
      high touch era of change.

PMID- 3880063
TI  - The development of a format for a policy and procedure manual for allied health
      administration.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to develop a format for a policy and procedure
      manual and a plan for its development, implementation, and maintenance. The study
      was prompted by the need for a system to catalogue and retrieve the many
      directives developed since the Hahnemann University School of Allied Health
      Professions was formed. Relevant literature was reviewed and similar documents
      collected from other colleges and universities. Documents to be incorporated
      included school council minutes, the school catalogue, student and faculty
      handbooks, and the Hahnemann University Corporate Policy and Procedure Manual. An
      advisory committee was appointed and guided the development of this project. The
      final product consisted of both abbreviated and detailed tables of contents, an
      index, instructions for use, and a plan for implementation and maintenance. The
      process and format are readily adaptable for implementation by any allied health
      administration.

PMID- 3880064
TI  - Allied health: economic, social, or service instrument?
AB  - Allied health as a concept has been studied by economists, educators, and others,
      but rarely has it been dealt with as an historical and social phenomenon.
      Examining the development of what is called allied health, one can see a picture
      of how the American health care system has evolved and, perhaps, a glimmer of its
      future. This article looks at some of the economical, educational, social, and
      public policy issues from which allied health has emerged and provides a
      perspective on where it could lead.

PMID- 3880066
TI  - Expanded roles in holistic prevention for allied health professionals. Expanded
      roles and cooperative ventures.

PMID- 3880065
TI  - Determination of passing scores on certification examinations: an unresolved
      issue.
AB  - In the field of clinical laboratory science, certification may be obtained by
      passing the National Certification Agency for Medical Laboratory Personnel (NCA)
      examination. This multiple-choice test is competence-based and criterion
      referenced, and uses a modified Angoff procedure to establish the passing score.
      For this study, the NCA examination scores of 1,868 certification applicants
      (mostly new graduates) and 111 selected laboratory practitioners were compared.
      Although the NCA examination is designed to define the level of minimum
      competence, the failure rate of practitioners identified by their supervisors as
      minimally competent was almost four times greater that that of the certification
      applicants. Even the most competent group of practitioners scored well below the
      applicants for certification. These findings suggest that the examination cut-off
      point may not really define minimal competence and that the method used to
      determine the passing score might not be appropriate for certification
      examinations.

PMID- 3880067
TI  - American Board of Qualification in Electroencephalography.

PMID- 3880068
TI  - Ocular effects of adrenergic stereoisomers in the rabbit.
AB  - Because of the need to develop ocular hypotensive agents with low incidence of
      side effects, the dextrorotatory enantiomers of adrenergic agents have prompted
      some attention. In the present study, the relative potency and efficacy of
      various adrenergic stereoisomers with respect to their ocular hypotensive and
      mydriatic effects have been determined after topical administration to conscious
      rabbits. The relative order of potency was found to be, iris: 1-epinephrine much
      greater than d-epinephrine congruent to 1-norepinephrine congruent to dl-alpha
      methyl-norepinephrine greater than dl-alpha-methyl-epinephrine greater than d
      norepinephrine; intraocular pressure (IOP): l-epinephrine greater than dl-alpha
      methyl-epinephrine greater than d-epinephrine greater than dl-alpha-methyl
      norepinephrine greater than d-norepinephrine congruent to 1-norepinephrine. The
      pupil and the initial ocular hypertensive responses clearly demonstrated the
      phenomenon of stereoselectivity of adrenergic stimulants, in that the 1-form was
      relatively more potent than the d-form. However, such order of potency does not
      seem to hold for IOP. The apparent discrepancy and reversal of order of potency
      for IOP responses may be related to the hypothesis that the net ocular
      hypotensive effect of adrenergic agents is the summation of the initial
      hypertension and the delayed hypotension produced by these agents. It is
      anticipated that the results of the present study may improve our understanding
      of ocular pharmacology of adrenergic stereoisomers. The ability to separate the
      dose-response profiles of pupillary and IOP effects of these agents may have
      potential therapeutic significance and thus warrants further investigation in
      other species.

PMID- 3880069
TI  - Systemic absorption of topically applied ocular timolol.
AB  - Symptoms and findings arising from the systemic beta blockade caused by topical
      ocularly applied timolol appear shortly after drug application. We studied the
      systemic absorption of 20 microliters of 0.5% timolol instilled unilaterally in
      the lower conjunctival cul-de-sac in 6 volunteers. At 3 min one subject, at 5 min
      three and at 8 min all but one showed measurable (greater than or equal to 215
      pg/ml) timolol concentrations in the plasma. The rapid systemic absorption of
      topically applied ocular timolol observed in our study is consistent with the
      rapid appearance of the cardiovascular and pulmonary side effects reported in
      connection with timolol eye drop therapy.

PMID- 3880070
TI  - Glutathione depletion and oxidative stress: study with perfused bovine eye.
AB  - A bovine eye perfusion system was developed for detoxification studies. The
      viability of the system was examined by two criteria: the permeability of the
      aqueous-blood barrier to protein, and the turnover of aqueous humor formation.
      Although the usefulness of the system for physiological studies is limited, the
      bovine eye perfusion system proved to be useful for biochemical studies of
      detoxification. When the system was perfused with t-butyl hydroperoxide plus the
      glutathione reductase inhibitor nitrofurantoin, glutathione levels of the ciliary
      body and iris were markedly reduced. The result was interpreted to suggest that
      glutathione and its redox cycling may play an important role in cellular defense
      against oxidative stress.

PMID- 3880071
TI  - Mechanism of the ocular hypotensive action of ketanserin.
AB  - Ketanserin has been characterized as a relatively selective antagonist for
      serotonin (5-HT2) receptors. However, recent evidence suggests that ketanserin
      can also antagonize activity at alpha 1-adrenoceptors. Topically applied
      ketanserin lowered intraocular pressure (IOP) in rabbits, cats, and monkeys.
      Ketanserin also suppressed ocular hypertension induced by waterloading and the
      IOP recovery rate in response to hypertonic saline. In contrast, the ocular
      hypotensive activity of ketanserin was markedly attenuated in sympathectomized
      (SX) rabbits. In the cat nictitating membrane, ketanserin produced dose-related
      inhibition of contractions elicited by neuronal stimulation and by intra-arterial
      injection of norepinephrine. These data demonstrate that ketanserin: 1) lowers
      IOP more effectively in eyes with intact sympathetic innervation than in SX eyes,
      2) appears to lower IOP by suppressing aqueous inflow, and 3) acts primarily by
      antagonizing the action of norepinephrine on alpha 1-adrenoceptors.

PMID- 3880072
TI  - N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin level in the eyes of glaucomatous
      chickens.
AB  - The possible involvement of a melatonergic mechanism in the control of
      intraocular pressure (IOP) and the genesis of light-induced avian glaucoma (LIAG)
      was studied by measuring N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity and melatonin levels
      in the iris, ciliary body and retina-choroid during the course of LIAG
      development, and in normal subjects by day and night. NAT activity was found to
      be significantly higher than normal in preglaucomatous and glaucomatous chicken
      eyes at 8, 16, and 24 weeks of age. The increase in NAT activity corresponded
      well with the decrease in aqueous outflow facility and preceded the development
      of elevated IOP by 5-6 weeks. Melatonin levels in iris and ciliary body of normal
      chickens and rabbits were elevated by night relative to day, which corresponded
      to the diurnal change in IOP. The melatonin levels in glaucomatous chicken iris
      and ciliary body at 24 weeks were significantly elevated relative to controls.
      The results suggest that melatonergic mechanisms could be involved in the
      elevation of IOP in LIAG. No statistical differences in choline acetyltransferase
      activity, adrenergic transmitter levels or dopamine concentrations could be found
      in tissues of LIAG eyes vs control eyes, indicating that cholinergic, adrenergic
      and dopaminergic mechanisms are probably not involved in LIAG.

PMID- 3880073
TI  - Pilocarpine mydriasis in mice.
AB  - In several rodent species pilocarpine and oxotremorine produce mydriasis, rather
      than the miosis which is characteristic of most other species. We have
      established that pilocarpine is a mydriatic drug in mice, a species in which the
      action has previously not been described, and that this effect occurs after local
      ocular, intraperitoneal (IP) or intracerebroventricular (ICV) application.
      Arecoline produces miosis or mydriasis (depending on dose) following direct
      ocular application but mild mydriasis after IP or ICV injection. Atropine also
      produces mydriasis in mice, and the effect of pilocarpine is additive with that
      produced by atropine and is not antagonized by antihistamines. Direct ICV
      pilocarpine injection produces mydriasis at doses equivalent to those used
      systemically. Pilocarpine mydriasis probably results from inhibition of
      parasympathetic activity.

PMID- 3880074
TI  - Exposure to light accelerates the formation of dopamine from exogenous L-dopa in
      the rat retina.
AB  - Dopaminergic neurons of retina are activated when rats are placed in a lighted
      environment. L-DOPA, the precursor of dopamine, was administered to rats that
      were housed either in the light or the dark. In the light more dopamine and its
      metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid were formed from L-DOPA when compared
      with animals given the same dose of L-DOPA, but kept in the dark. Our results
      suggest that the in vivo decarboxylation of DOPA may be modulated by neuronal
      activity in the rat retina.

PMID- 3880075
TI  - Pharmacologic inhibition of immediate hypersensitivity in the guinea pig
      conjunctiva.
AB  - The release of histamine and other mediators from an immediate hypersensitivity
      reaction is energy dependent and cyclic AMP dependent. Drugs which inhibit the
      active secretion of mediators, or which may change cyclic AMP are effective in
      inhibiting mediator release. We used a model of Type I (immediate)
      hypersensitivity in the conjunctiva of guinea pigs sensitized to normal rabbit
      serum to test the efficacy of 2-deoxy-D-glucose or a combination of isoproterenol
      and diethylcarbamazine in inhibiting conjunctival hypersensitivity. After topical
      challenge with rabbit serum, edema was evaluated in five areas of the guinea pig
      conjunctiva. Controls were compared to conjunctiva pretreated with 2-deoxy-D
      glucose or isoproterenol and diethylcarbamazine. Pretreatment with 2-deoxy-D
      glucose or a combination of isoproterenol and diethylcarbamazine was found to
      inhibit the immediate hypersensitivity reaction.

PMID- 3880076
TI  - Existence and role of endogenous ocular melatonin.
AB  - The proposed role of melatonin as an endogenously synthesized modulator of
      intraocular pressure in the eye was investigated. Melatonin levels were
      determined by radioimmunoassay in the iris, ciliary body and retina-choroid of
      pinealectomized or sham-operated chickens by day and by night. Pinealectomy had
      no effect on melatonin levels in the ciliary body or retina of chicken eyes; a
      diurnal rhythm continued to be observed in these tissues, with values higher by
      night than by day. Chloroform-extracted melatonin levels in the rabbit ciliary
      body showed a diurnal rhythm but melatonin levels in rabbit retina did not.
      Intracameral infusion of melatonin into cat eyes caused aqueous humor synthesis
      to decrease but caused a greater decrease in aqueous humor outflow facility,
      leading to a significant increase in intraocular pressure. The results suggest
      that melatonergic mechanisms in the eye could be responsible for the diurnal
      rhythm in IOP, and the synthesis and diurnal rhythm of this melatonin are
      independent of the pineal gland.

PMID- 3880077
TI  - Effects of antiglaucoma drugs on [32P]orthophosphate incorporation into
      phospholipids of cat iris and ciliary process.
AB  - The effects of antiglaucoma drugs on [32P]-orthophosphate incorporation into
      phospholipids of iris and ciliary process were investigated. Both iris and
      ciliary process rapidly incorporated 32Pi into the major phospholipids, with the
      acidic phosphoinositides demonstrating a greater labelling than
      phosphatidylcholine, indicating a greater turnover. The muscarinic agonists,
      carbachol and pilocarpine, stimulated 32Pi-labelling of phosphatidylinositol (PI)
      and phosphatidic acid (PA) in both iris and ciliary process. These effects were
      blocked by atropine, suggesting that the response was mediated through muscarinic
      receptors. The beta blocking ocular hypotensive drugs, propranolol, timolol and
      atenolol, produced varying effects on 32P incorporation into phospholipids of
      iris and ciliary process. Propranolol stimulated 32Pi-labelling into
      phosphatidylinositol 4', 5' bisphosphate (PIP2), phosphatidylinositol 4'
      phosphate (PIP), PI and PA. Timolol decreased 32Pi-incorporation into PIP2 and
      PI, whereas atenolol, a selective beta 1 antagonist, had no significant effect on
      32Pi-labelling of phospholipids. The above findings on propranolol agree with
      previous observations which demonstrated that propranolol redirects glycerolipid
      metabolism through multiple effects on the enzymes in phospholipid biosynthesis,
      particularly in stimulating phosphatidylinositol kinases. The results with
      timolol suggest that this drug may decrease phosphoinositide hydrolysis. The
      effects of these ocular hypotensive, non-selective beta blocking drugs on
      phospholipid turnover may ultimately limit the accumulation of breakdown products
      which could serve as cellular messengers.

PMID- 3880078
TI  - Morphine-induced pupillary fluctuations in the rat: correlations with EEG and
      respiratory changes.
AB  - Pupil area in rats was continuously monitored by infrared pupillometry during
      morphine-induced (30 mg/kg i.p.) mydriasis and pupillary fluctuations. EEG
      records from all visual system areas as well as frontal cortex, amygdala and
      mesencephalic reticular formation show intermittent electrographic bursting to be
      simultaneous with miosis during the period of fluctuations. Mydriasis occurs at
      the cessation of each burst, but both of these events occur 1-3 seconds after an
      effect on respiration composed of a slight change in tidal volume and a 10%
      decrease in minute respiratory rate. The reason for the essential synchrony of
      the respiratory change, the cessation of global bursting and the change in
      parasympathetic input to the pupil is unknown.

PMID- 3880079
TI  - Effect of substrate concentration, product concentration, and peptides on the in
      vitro hydrolysis of model ester prodrugs by corneal esterases.
AB  - The corneal epithelial fraction of albino rabbits with butyrylcholinesterase-like
      activity, which was purified by gel filtration chromatography, was studied with
      respect to its susceptibility to substrate and product inhibition using a pH-stat
      method. 1- and 2-Naphthyl acetates were used as model ester prodrugs. It was
      found that the hydrolytic rate of 1- and 2-naphthyl acetates at 1.2 mM was only
      53% and 42% of that at 0.06 mM, respectively, suggesting that increasing the dose
      of an ester prodrug does not necessarily result in a proportional increase in its
      hydrolytic rate. Product inhibition (by 1- and 2-naphthol) was evident only at a
      product concentration at least equal to the substrate concentration, suggesting
      that, at the therapeutic concentrations of an ester prodrug, product inhibition
      is probably insignificant. Substrate and product inhibition did not appear to
      occur at the enzyme's active site. Moreover, the neuropeptides enkephalins and
      their hydrolytic fragments were found to inhibit the hydrolysis of 1-naphthyl
      acetate, albeit less effectively than compounds such as 1- and 2-naphthol.

PMID- 3880080
TI  - Lack of metabolism of timolol by ocular tissues.
AB  - The ocular metabolism of timolol has been studied in the iris/ciliary body,
      vitreous humor, neuro-retina and cornea from an albino rabbit, pigmented rabbit
      and cynomolgus monkey by incubating tissues isolated from these animals with
      radiolabeled drug for 20 hours at 37 degrees C in Hanks' balanced salts solution.
      After removal of the tissues by centrifugation and subsequent deproteinization,
      supernatants were mixed with unlabeled timolol and analyzed by isocratic reverse
      phase high performance liquid chromatography with liquid scintillation counting
      and ultraviolet detection. Although this analytical system readily demonstrated
      the production of timolol metabolites by rat liver, the production of timolol
      metabolites by ocular tissues could not be demonstrated. With most samples high
      recoveries of unmetabolized timolol were obtained. The lowest level of recovery
      of unmetabolized drug as compared to a control (drug added after the tissue had
      been incubated) was obtained for the iris/ciliary body from the pigmented rabbit
      suggesting that pigment had bound the drug. Our results suggest that deleterious
      side effects sometimes seen with the drug or its lack of efficacy with rabbits is
      not due to ocular metabolism by these tissues.

PMID- 3880081
TI  - Possible mechanisms for the retention of topically applied vitamin A (retinol) in
      the albino rabbit eye.
AB  - The concentration of vitamin A in various anterior segment tissues of the albino
      rabbit eye following topical instillation of a 1 mg/ml drug solution in peanut
      oil was determined using radiotracer techniques. It was found that 50-80% of the
      vitamin A absorbed into the albino rabbit eye was in the corneal epithelium and
      the conjunctiva and that over 50% of the vitamin A in the cornea was in its
      epithelial layers. While trace amounts of topically applied peanut oil remained
      in the precorneal area as late as 2 hours post-dosing, the vitamin A dissolved in
      it did not appear to play a major role in sustaining vitamin A concentration
      within the eye. Rather, solubilization of vitamin A by the proteins in tears as
      well as by the cellular lipids and retinol-binding proteins in the corneal
      epithelium appear to play a more important role. It is suggested that further
      work is necessary to delineate the specific involvement of retinol-binding
      proteins in ocular vitamin A pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 3880082
TI  - Colloid osmotic pressure of artificial tears.
AB  - While the total osmolality of the aqueous tears and tear substitutes has received
      much attention in the past few years, the colloidal osmolality or the oncotic
      pressure (which includes the Donnan effect), has received practically no
      attention except for one single foreign publication. The colloidal osmolality of
      tears is twentyfold less than that of the corneal stroma, which in turn is less
      than 1% of the total osmolality of an isotonic solution, i.e. the magnitude of
      the colloidal osmolality is only a few hundreths of a per cent of total
      osmolality. This may be the reason why its role was thought to be unimportant by
      many researchers. Despite its relatively small magnitude when compared to total
      osmotic pressure, the oncotic pressure has been shown to play a major role in the
      maintenance of the water balance of bodily tissues and has been used as a
      diagnostic parameter in alveolar edema. The same principle has been used to
      formulate a collyrium, Dehydrex, or dextran-containing storage media for excised
      corneas such as the Kaufman-McCarey medium that have a colloidal osmolality at
      least equal to that of deturgescent corneal stroma. Such formulations are able to
      dehydrate corneal stroma even in the total absence of epithelium. Dehydrex has
      been shown to have a beneficial effect on damaged epithelium and is thought to be
      the drug of choice for the treatment of recurrent epithelial erosion when other
      treatment modalities have failed. In the present study, the total osmolality and
      the oncotic pressure of several artificial tear preparations presently marketed
      was determined and compared with the oncotic pressure of tears and the corneal
      stroma. We have found that the oncotic pressure of HypoTears is nearly sixty
      times higher than that of the leading artificial tear, thus it is comparable to
      the oncotic pressure of Dehydrex. We believe that the favorable patient
      acceptance of HypoTears is more likely due to this unusually high oncotic
      pressure than to its hypoosmolality. Such an artificial tear formulation should
      be effective in ameliorating microcystic epithelial edema and in increasing
      impaired epithelial adhesion to the underlying tissue in the cornea.

PMID- 3880083
TI  - Pharmacological modification of corneal endothelial intracellular pH,
      intracellular electrical potential difference, and corneal swelling and
      deswelling rates.
AB  - Rabbit corneal endothelial intracellular pH and electrical potential difference
      were measured using radioactive tracer techniques. A variety of drugs and
      chemicals were used to modify specific aspects of cell membranes in order to
      determine, in this steady state system, whether a close relationship existed
      between intracellular pH and potential. Corneal swelling and deswelling rates
      were also determined in the presence and absence of the drugs. Longer times of
      immersion of tissue with drugs (3 hours) tended to provide more support for a
      link between intracellular pH and the inability of the cornea to maintain a
      constant thickness. Drugs that altered corneal thickness without altering either
      intracellular pH or potential difference presumably acted on extracellular
      pathways. No conclusive evidence was obtained for a direct link between
      intracellular pH and the intracellular electrical potential difference of the
      endothelial cell.

PMID- 3880084
TI  - The therapy of Adie's syndrome with dilute pilocarpine hydrochloride solutions.
AB  - Impressed by the benefit two patients with Adie's Syndrome derived from topical
      0.1% pilocarpine therapy, we performed the present study to examine the
      measurable effects of 0.1% pilocarpine in several patients with this syndrome.
      Our study suggests those patients with Adie's Syndrome who lack stereoacuity may
      benefit from long term therapy with dilute pilocarpine if their stereoacuity may
      benefit from long term therapy with dilute pilocarpine if their stereoacuity
      improves following a single drop of 0.1% pilocarpine. Therefore, we recommend
      measuring stereoacuity during pupil diagnostic testing with 0.1% pilocarpine
      hydrochloride. Potential problems concerning medical therapy of Adie's Syndrome
      with parasympathomimetics are discussed.

PMID- 3880085
TI  - Trans-scleral iontophoresis of gentamicin.
AB  - Bactericidal levels of gentamicin were obtained in vitreous humor by
      iontophoresis of antibiotic directly through the sclera. A silicone rubber tube
      of small diameter filled with gentamicin sulfate formed the electrode. A two
      milliampere current applied for three minutes to each of four perilimbal sites
      introduced gentamicin sufficient to maintain therapeutic levels for more than 24
      hours. The proportion of drug reaching vitreous versus aqueous humor was
      dependent on electrode position relative to retina and pars plana. An endogenous
      antibacterial agent was apparently released during iontophoretic stimulation and
      interfered with the bacterial growth inhibition assay. Ketoconazole, a water
      insoluble antifungal agent, has also been introduced successfully into vitreous
      humor by anodal iontophoresis after protonation in weak acid.

PMID- 3880086
TI  - Cyclosporine therapy for uveitis: long-term followup.
AB  - Long term followup in 52 uveitis patients treated with Cyclosporine (CsA) is
      presented here. The patients included in this study all had intermediate or
      posterior uveitis of noninfectious etiology; and all were considered therapeutic
      failures to systemic corticosteroids and/or cytotoxic agents. Patients were
      considered a therapeutic success if the visual acuity in either eye improved two
      lines or more and/or the vitreal haze improved more than two grading levels.
      While five patients stopped therapy before the three month interval, 41 of 52
      patients or 79% were therapeutic successes at three months after the initiation
      of CsA as the sole systemic immunosuppressive agent for their disease. Twenty
      five of a potential 35 patients (71%) remained on CsA after one year's time, with
      63% (22/35) of these individuals receiving the medication considered a
      therapeutic success. The patients who appeared to respond particularly well to
      CsA therapy were those with pars planitis, intermediate uveitis of the non-pars
      planitis type, VKH, and Behcet's disease. In vitro S-antigen (S-Ag) testing did
      not appear to have a predictive value in determining which patients would be
      therapeutic successes (improvement in visual acuity), however the S-Ag responder
      group did appear to have a statistically greater improvement in vitreal haze.
      Renal toxicity was by far the most common adverse effect, which we have found to
      be reversible with our approach to therapy. However, adverse reactions required a
      reduction in CsA dosage in some patients, making it not feasible to maintain
      therapeutically effective CsA levels. In those patients, low dose prednisone was
      added to these patients' CsA regimens with generally good results. We did not
      observe opportunistic infections nor CsA associated neoplasms in our patients.
      This long term study demonstrates the potential efficacy of CsA in the treatment
      of severe intra-ocular inflammatory disorders. However, we firmly believe that
      only in the context of a randomized clinical trial that a definitive evaluation
      as to the true effectiveness of CsA will be reached.

PMID- 3880087
TI  - The value of the photoplethysmograph in monitoring skin closure in microsurgery.
AB  - Excessive tension during skin closure may impair flow in a free tissue transfer.
      Objective methods to observe skin perfusion have been developed. One of these,
      photoplethysmography, is commonly used for postoperative observation of flow in
      free flaps. This article demonstrates that valuable information can be obtained
      with photoplethysmography during wound closure also.

PMID- 3880088
TI  - Peripheral nerve repair: terminology, questions, and facts.
AB  - The most important single technical factor in peripheral nerve repair is the
      coaptation of fascicular tissue. Only an exact description of how coaptation is
      achieved according to fascicular patterns, can provide the basis for a comparison
      of results. The problem of preparation of the stumps was discussed, and a method
      was suggested for defining conditions at different stump levels, in order to
      indicate to which level the resection should be carried. Demonstrations of the
      advantages of resecting the epifascicular epineurium, relating to various types
      of fascicular patterns, were provided. Different factors which contribute to the
      formation of gaps between nerve stumps were analyzed. Problems related to the
      sliding capacity of peripheral nerves were discussed, as well as the relationship
      between sliding capacity and tension distribution along the nerve. A schematic
      overview of different possibilities for overcoming gaps at the coaptation site
      was provided. Suggestions were offered for defining the term "neurotization," and
      different neurolysis procedures were described.

PMID- 3880090
TI  - Endoneural and epineural blood flow evaluation with free vascularized and
      conventional nerve grafts in the canine.
AB  - Blood flow distribution in conventional and vascularized canine nerve grafts was
      analyzed. Between 4 and 6 days after operation, blood flow at both the fascicular
      (endoneural) and the nerve-sheath (epineural) levels was significantly greater in
      the nonvascularized nerve grafts than in their vascularized counterparts (P less
      than 0.025 and P less than 0.001, respectively). The superior flow rates of the
      conventional grafts illustrate the efficiency of nerve revascularization, even to
      the fascicular level. This finding does not support a possible endoneural
      vascular advantage of vascularized nerve graft and suggests the need for further
      analysis of the role of vascularized nerve grafting.

PMID- 3880089
TI  - Time course of alterations in muscle transfers with microneurovascular
      anastomoses. An experimental study in the rectus femoris muscle of the rabbit.
AB  - The time course of alterations in muscle transfers with microneurovascular
      anastomoses was studied in 17 rabbits. The left rectus femoris muscle was
      transferred to the right side. For comparison, in some animals the right rectus
      femoris muscle was transferred from the right to the left side, but without
      vascular repair. Two, seven, 14, 21, and 30 days after transfer, the electric
      excitability, macroscopic appearance, histology, histochemistry, ultrastructure,
      and activity of muscle enzymes were assessed. In the transfers with
      microneurovascular anastomoses, almost all muscle fibers survived. Alterations
      were limited to those typical of a denervation-reinnervation process. Contrary to
      this, only a few atrophic fibers survived in the periphery of the transfers
      without vascular repair. By far, the greater central part underwent necrosis. A
      considerable amount of connective tissue developed. These results clearly show
      the functional superiority of microsurgically vascularized muscle transfers over
      those without vascular anastomoses. Excellent functional recovery is possible
      because the process of complete degeneration and consecutive regeneration, with
      inevitable augmentation of connective tissue, is prevented by the performance of
      vascular anastomoses.

PMID- 3880091
TI  - An experimental investigation into the use of implanted thermocouples and
      differential thermometry as monitors for microvascular anastomoses.
AB  - It has been suggested that direct monitoring of arterial temperature using
      implanted thermocouples, may have value as a clinical postoperative monitor for
      vascularized free tissue transfers, including those with no visible surfaces.
      This study evaluated the technique in experimental animals, using simple,
      inexpensive equipment. Mean arterial differential temperature changes, with
      ipsilateral (n = 20) and contralateral (n = 21) references, of 0.6 degrees C and
      0.5 degrees C respectively, reliably indicated occlusion of the superficial
      femoral artery in situ. In epigastric island flaps, arterial occlusion (n = 24)
      produced mean arterial temperature changes of 0.5 degrees C, but changes after
      venous occlusion were not significantly greater than unoccluded base line
      fluctuation. Venous differential temperature did not change significantly after
      either arterial or venous occlusion. In six epigastric free flaps, success or
      failure could not be distinguished, as the wide variation in measurements in the
      four successful flaps overlapped the recordings in the two which failed. It was
      shown that the nearer to the body core, the less the temperature difference
      between arterial wall and periarterial tissue. Occlusion of deeply sited arteries
      produced little or no change in arterial temperature. In view of these findings
      and because of the invasive nature of the technique, the authors did not pursue
      it clinically.

PMID- 3880093
TI  - Truncation artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - A method has been developed to reduce a magnetic resonance image artifact arising
      from the Fourier transformation of data truncated in the phase-encoding
      direction. The discontinuity is eliminated between the phase of the complex data
      sample associated with the maximum negative phase-encoding gradient and the phase
      of the maximum positive gradient sample. Images retain sharper edges than if low
      pass filtering is employed. The method is demonstrated on clinical images, then
      an explanation of the method is presented.

PMID- 3880092
TI  - Segmentally innervated latissimus dorsi muscle. Microsurgical transfer for facial
      reanimation.
AB  - In spite of its reliable and long neurovascular pedicle, the latissimus dorsi
      muscle is generally considered unsuitable for facial reanimation, largely due to
      its size and bulk. We describe the anatomic dissections and clinical experience
      using a small segmentally innervated portion of the latissimus dorsi muscle to
      restore facial animation.

PMID- 3880094
TI  - Phase alterations of spin echoes by motion along magnetic field gradients.
AB  - Using a Taylor series expansion of the phase shift of a moving isochromatic spin
      group in the presence of a magnetic field gradient, the refocusing effects of the
      Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill pulse sequence on stationary nuclei and those with
      constant, rectilinear velocity are readily demonstrated. Continuing the analysis
      to higher orders of motion reveals that nuclei with a constant, rectilinear
      acceleration have a phase shift at the spin echoes which increases linearly with
      echo number. Constant, rectilinear jerk (the time rate of change of acceleration)
      leads to an increase in phase shift from echo to echo which is quadratic in
      nature with an overlying reduction of the odd-numbered echoes by a constant
      amount. Motion parameters may be measured by parameter identification techniques.
      These principles may be applied to phase-sensitive NMR imaging.

PMID- 3880095
TI  - Time-multiplexed multislice inversion-recovery techniques for NMR imaging.
AB  - Multislice imaging techniques effectively applicable to inversion-recovery (IR)
      imaging are developed and applied to human imaging. These new multislice IR
      imaging sequences employ the time-multiplexing (TM) technique conventionally used
      in the slice-by-slice saturation-recovery (SR) imaging. Two new time-multiplexed
      multislice (TMM) IR imaging sequences are proposed and some of the experimental
      results obtained with the methods are presented.

PMID- 3880097
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging the velocity vector components of fluid flow.
AB  - Encoding the precession phase angle of proton nuclei for Fourier analysis has
      produced accurate measurement of fluid velocity vector components by MRI. A pair
      of identical gradient pulses separated in time by exactly 1/2 TE, are used to
      linearly encode the phase of flow velocity vector components without changing the
      phase of stationary nuclei. Two-dimensional Fourier transformation of signals
      gave velocity density images of laminar flow in angled tubes which were in
      agreement with the laws of vector addition. These velocity profile images provide
      a quantitative method for the investigation of fluid dynamics and hemodynamics.

PMID- 3880096
TI  - Vascular occlusions detected by magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Early experience with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicates that it is well
      suited as a noninvasive vascular imaging modality. Blood flow at physiologic
      velocities results in a low signal within the vessel lumen and this property
      allows the separation of flowing blood from surrounding soft tissues. While flow
      effects, aneurysms, and mural lesions have been emphasized in the literature,
      vascular occlusions have received less attention. We evaluated 21 patients with
      documented venous or arterial occlusions on a 0.12-T developmental resistive
      unit. Venous occlusions caused by thrombus generally appeared as focal regions of
      increased signal. In 3 of 10 cases the venous thrombus itself could not be
      identified but the absence of a low-signal lumen in a normal location confirmed
      the impression of thrombus. In 2 of 17 venous occlusions a rim of low signal was
      noted around the thrombus. Venous collaterals were commonly seen. Tumor thrombus
      tended to have signal characteristics similar to the main bulk of the tumor from
      which it arose. There were four arterial occlusions including two cases of
      emboli, one arteriosclerotic occlusion, and one case of tumor invasion. Vascular
      calcifications, clearly evident on plain radiographs, were not seen on MRI. MRI
      appears to be a potentially useful noninvasive means of detecting vascular
      occlusions.

PMID- 3880098
TI  - A novel double-surface coil approach to phosphorus-31 spectroscopy: a study of
      hemispheric brain injury in the rat.
AB  - An arrangement of two surface coils was devised to allow phosphorus-31 (31P) NMR
      spectroscopy of a localized hemispheric brain injury model in the rat. Two
      elliptical (8 X 12 mm) surface coils are placed parallel to each other (3 mm
      apart) over each side of the rat head. Spectra are collected from either the
      normal or the injured side of the head using the appropriate surface coil. A
      passive detuning method was used to eliminate unwanted coil-coil interactions.
      31P imaging results with the two coils on phantoms show excellent isolation (6%
      signal overlap) between the two coils. The two-coil setup was then used to follow
      a time course of injury from the hemispheric injury model.

PMID- 3880099
TI  - A method for chemical-shift-selective imaging.
AB  - Selective suppression of a given resonance in an NMR image can be obtained with a
      pi/2 pulse whose excitation spectrum is zero at the appropriate chemical shift.
      The selective pi/2 pulse presented here is composed of two nonselective pi/2
      pulses of opposite phase. The two pulses are separated by a short interval which
      determines the excitation spectrum.

PMID- 3880100
TI  - Detection of exchange reactions involving small metabolite pools using NMR
      magnetization transfer techniques: relevance to subcellular compartmentation of
      creatine kinase.

PMID- 3880101
TI  - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography].

PMID- 3880102
TI  - [Effects of pyrazinamide on the liver in patients with tuberculosis. An
      ultrastructural study].

PMID- 3880103
TI  - Platelet monoamineoxidase activity in chronic schizophrenics.

PMID- 3880104
TI  - Thyroid gland function and autoimmunity in children with alopecia universalis.

PMID- 3880105
TI  - [Lisuride in Parkinson disease].

PMID- 3880106
TI  - [Modification of Sobel's formula for the determination of acute myocardial
      infarction size].

PMID- 3880107
TI  - [Association of sick sinus syndrome and mitral valve prolapse].

PMID- 3880108
TI  - [Osteitis pubis: a rare cause of prolonged fever syndrome].

PMID- 3880109
TI  - [Ascites and pleural effusion in a 65-year-old woman with Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 3880110
TI  - [Heart auscultation and pregnancy].

PMID- 3880111
TI  - [Cation transport in erythrocytes of hypertensive patients: etiopathogenetic and
      clinical importance].

PMID- 3880112
TI  - [Antiviral drugs in human diseases].

PMID- 3880113
TI  - [The echocardiographic dimension].

PMID- 3880114
TI  - [Evaluation of training in internal medicine].

PMID- 3880115
TI  - [Establishment of a frozen mouse embryo bank].

PMID- 3880116
TI  - [Spontaneous regression of pulmonary metastases in renal adenocarcinoma and a
      second neoplasm (adenocarcinoma of the lung)].

PMID- 3880117
TI  - The adsorption of 99Tcm radiopharmaceuticals onto injection vials.

PMID- 3880118
TI  - The collection of information about nuclear medicine in the health service.

PMID- 3880119
TI  - The effect of anaesthetics on the uptake of brain-imaging agents in rats.
AB  - Anaesthetics are shown to affect the brain uptake of two pH-shift brain imaging
      agents, di-B-(morpholinoethyl)-selenide and N,N,N'-trimethyl-N'-(2-hydroxy-3
      methyl-5-iodobenzyl)-1,3-propanediamine significantly. This is probably due to
      changing regional cerebral blood flow. The present study reaffirms previous
      observations that small disturbances such as stress and type of anaesthesia will
      significantly alter the regional cerebral blood flow and, as a consequence, brain
      uptake in rats. This is an important factor to consider when measuring or
      comparing brain uptake data.

PMID- 3880120
TI  - A parametric image technique for the assessment of oesophageal function.
AB  - An existing technique for the presentation of oesophageal transit studies has
      been further developed and applied to conventional radionuclide data. The spatial
      and temporal information contained in the original dynamic study is compressed to
      a single image, showing the linear distribution of activity down the oesophagus
      throughout the study. This parametric image contains all the useful information
      concerning the motion of the bolus, and is particularly useful for depicting the
      complex motion of a fragmented bolus. The technique has been shown to be of value
      in patients with a variety of oesophageal disorders.

PMID- 3880121
TI  - [Fluoride in toothpaste].

PMID- 3880122
TI  - [Costs and benefits of noble and non-noble alloys in fixed prosthodontics].

PMID- 3880123
TI  - [Super bond: a new material].

PMID- 3880124
TI  - [Stress, professional satisfaction and burnout in dental practice. Survey of a
      group of dental physicians].

PMID- 3880125
TI  - [Practical use of alternative sweeteners].

PMID- 3880126
TI  - [Cementomas: a case of cementifying fibroma of the mandible].

PMID- 3880127
TI  - [Mouthrinses in the prevention of dental caries].

PMID- 3880128
TI  - [Focal infection and ocular pathology].

PMID- 3880129
TI  - [Oral manifestations during acute leukemia: report of a clinical case of acute
      myelomonocytic leukemia].

PMID- 3880130
TI  - [Computer analysis and forecast of the relationship between dark adaptation and
      ocular changes in diabetes].

PMID- 3880133
TI  - [Analysis of scotopic ERG in retinitis pigmentosa].

PMID- 3880132
TI  - [Humoral and cellular immune responses to lens protein in patients with senile
      cataract].

PMID- 3880131
TI  - [Study of K, Na, Ca, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mg in the human lens].

PMID- 3880134
TI  - [Congenital cataract--an analysis of 358 cases].

PMID- 3880135
TI  - [Specular microscopic studies of the corneal endothelium in iridocorneal
      endothelial (ICE) syndrome].

PMID- 3880136
TI  - [The preliminary study of measuring isopters in the kinetic quantitative
      perimetry].

PMID- 3880137
TI  - [The refractive states of concomitant strabismus in children].

PMID- 3880138
TI  - [Analysis of intraocular pressure, cup disc ratio and systemic blood pressure for
      the prediction of prognosis in glaucoma patients].

PMID- 3880139
TI  - [Evaluation of scleral buckle in preventing retinal detachment after intraocular
      foreign body extraction].

PMID- 3880140
TI  - Research opportunities in the prevention of blindness.

PMID- 3880141
TI  - Aging-related cataract: clinical studies and biochemical correlations.

PMID- 3880142
TI  - Technological advances in cataract surgery--the ophthalmologist's dilemma.

PMID- 3880143
TI  - Anterior capsulectomy in posterior chamber IOL: operative inconveniences and
      tactics.

PMID- 3880144
TI  - [Retrograde application of silicone rod in treatment of lacrimal canalicular
      obstruction].

PMID- 3880145
TI  - [Different managements of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction].

PMID- 3880146
TI  - [New immunosuppressives in ophthalmology].

PMID- 3880147
TI  - Vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage in Chinese diabetic patients.

PMID- 3880148
TI  - [Fluorescein angiography and pathological study of cystoid macular edema].

PMID- 3880149
TI  - [Dark adaptation ERG in retinoblastoma].

PMID- 3880150
TI  - Chorioamnionitis: a comparative histologic, bacteriologic, and clinical study.
AB  - Using morphologic and bacteriologic techniques, we examined placentas from 224
      deliveries considered potentially complicated by infection. The severity of the
      chorioamnionitis was graded histologically according to the intensity of the
      inflammatory infiltrate. Chorioamnionitis or funisitis occurred in 111 placentas.
      Neonatal morbidity in this group was 48 (43%) as compared with 14 (12%) in those
      without chorioamnionitis. Pathogens were cultured from 49 of the 111 placentas
      with chorioamnionitis. Neonatal morbidity or mortality occurred in 28 (58%) of
      the group with positive cultures but occurred also in 20 (32%) of the 63 with
      chorioamnionitis from which no pathogens were cultured. Perinatal mortality was
      especially high (64%) among premature infants (less than 30 weeks) with
      infection. A comparison of culture techniques (surface swab versus swab of
      subchorionic fibrin after searing amnionic surface) showed similar rates of
      recovery but less contamination using the deep culture technique. Neonatal
      morbidity and mortality with severe chorioamnionitis (grades II and III; 62% and
      82%) were significantly greater than with little or no chorioamnionitis (grades I
      and 0; 43% and 36%). Higher grades of histologically demonstrable
      chorioamnionitis are associated significantly with the highest rates of neonatal
      morbidity or mortality. In many instances, pathogens are not recovered by
      conventional aerobic and anaerobic bacteriologic study. A search for other
      infectious agents (viruses, mycoplasmas, chlamydiae) deserves attention.

PMID- 3880151
TI  - Multiple focal extraovarian serous carcinoma.
AB  - Nine cases of multiple focal extraovarian serous carcinoma were studied, and
      their gross, light microscopic, and ultrastructural features were compared with
      those of three serous ovarian tumors and three malignant mesotheliomas. On light
      microscopy, the multiple focal extraovarian serous carcinoma shared many features
      of the serous ovarian tumors. However, they also displayed some ultrastructural
      features shared by both serous ovarian tumors and malignant mesotheliomas, and
      other features more specific for malignant mesotheliomas. We concluded that the
      multiple focal extraovarian serous carcinomas probably arise from mesothelial
      cells modified by various mullerian influences and should be classified
      separately from the other two entities.

PMID- 3880153
TI  - Growth characteristics of rabbit ovarian mesothelial (surface epithelial) cells.
AB  - This study analyzes the morphology and growth characteristics of rabbit ovarian
      mesothelial (surface epithelial) cells explanted in vitro. Best cell growth and
      expression of differentiation were obtained using a polystyrene substrate, 100%
      air, and a nutrient composed of 85% medium 199 and 15% fetal bovine serum.
      Surface epithelia gave rise to cell outgrowths within 36 h of explantation and
      formed confluent epithelial monolayers after 1 week. Cells exhibited a marked
      proliferative activity as indicated by: (a) a labeling index of 80% at day 4, and
      of 40% at days 10 and 38; (b) a cell doubling time of 30-36 h during the
      logarithmic phase of growth; and (c) an estimated 24 cell population doublings
      during 6 weeks. Confluent cultures contained cells complexed by desmosomes and
      tight junctions and displaying numerous microvilli, intracellular lumina, and
      focal cilia. Cells organized often into nests and gland-like spaces and developed
      occasional hemicysts. High-density cultures developed also a multilayered
      configuration, villous processes, epithelial invaginations or crypts, and focal
      cytological features suggestive of steroidogenesis. This study shows that rabbit
      ovarian surface epithelial cells can be maintained in vitro with a high degree of
      differentiation. This model is being used to investigate the pathobiology of
      ovarian surface epithelium.

PMID- 3880152
TI  - An immunohistochemical study of the incidence and significance of sex steroid
      hormone binding sites in normal and neoplastic human ovarian tissue.
AB  - An immunocytochemical double horseradish peroxidase-anti-horseradish peroxidase
      (PAP) technique has been developed for localising estrogen, testosterone, and
      progesterone binding sites in normal ovaries and in epithelial ovarian neoplasms.
      Estrogen binding sites were present in 45% of normal ovaries, in 45% of benign
      epithelial neoplasms, and in 58.5% of ovarian adenocarcinomas. The equivalent
      figures for progesterone binding sites were 49%, 65%, and 45.2%, whilst those for
      testosterone binding sites were 43%, 40%, and 60.5%. Steroid binding was related
      neither to the grade of malignancy in epithelial neoplasms nor to the presence of
      metastases in cases of ovarian adenocarcinomas. The simultaneous presence of both
      estrogen and progesterone binding sites or of both estrogen and testosterone
      binding sites in ovarian adenocarcinomas was, however, associated with good
      differentiation. Evidence is presented to suggest that the binding sites
      demonstrated were specific, and it is suggested that the immunohistochemical
      demonstration of sex steroid hormone binding capacities in ovarian
      adenocarcinomas may be of value as a predictive marker for response to hormonal
      therapy.

PMID- 3880154
TI  - Giant fibrosarcoma of the ovary.
AB  - An unusual case of a huge primary ovarian fibrosarcoma, the largest tumor of its
      type reported to date, is presented. The gross, light microscopic, and
      ultrastructural features are described. The tumor was unique in three aspects:
      (a) its massive bulk; (b) the prompt relief of symptoms after debulking; and (c)
      most significantly, the lack of extensive abdominal metastasis in spite of its
      high grade, large size, and 6-month delay in resection.

PMID- 3880155
TI  - [Preliminary information on a new technic for the determination of circulating
      immunocomplexes using L1210 cells and immunoenzyme analysis. Observations in
      patients with cancer].

PMID- 3880156
TI  - Cell-to-cell interaction between N-13A ascitic hepatoma cells and normal cells
      maintained in short-term co-cultures: an optical, transmission and scanning
      electron microscopical study.
AB  - N-13A malignant ascitic hepatoma, induced by 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene in Wistar
      rats, does not produce distant mestastases when transplanted in vivo. The mixed
      co-cultures of N-13A tumor cells and several tissue explants of newborn Wistar
      rats show selective adhesivity between tumoral and hepatic epithelial cells, but
      not with fibroblast-like cells of nervous tissue, kidney or diaphragm. In short
      term co-cultures, N-13A cells in contact with rat hepatocytes prepared by the
      collagenase perfusion technique, display a selective adherence capacity with the
      production of abundant microvilli and fingerlike protrusions (microspikes) which
      are elaborated by the neoplastic cells. Groups of tumoral cells tightly envelop
      the free surface of the cultured hepatocytes. Tight-junction formations are
      observed, and immature desmosomes and polydesmosomic systems are also seen
      between both tumoral and normal cells.

PMID- 3880157
TI  - [Investigation of cancer with unicellular algae].
AB  - The Euglena alga culture modifications allow to distinguish between tumor serum
      and control serum. The modifications with ascites tumor AH 13R rat serum were
      also significatively different from healthy rat. These results suggest that this
      assay model could be applied for early cancer diagnostics. This communication is
      a summary of the 50 years work described on the bellow cited literature.

PMID- 3880158
TI  - Correlation between white blood cell count and neutrophil count after
      chemotherapy administration at a day hospital.
AB  - We performed 505 blood analyses corresponding to 259 cancer patients on
      chemotherapy treatment. We analysed the correlation between absolute leukocyte
      count (ALC) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) according to the ECOG scale for
      myelotoxicity. Our study showed a linear correlation between ALC and ANC. Within
      this linear regression, important variability was registered in the patients with
      ALC less than 4000. Thus up to 20% of misclassifications occurred, with the great
      majority of discrepancies accounted for by a relatively high ANC in relation to
      the low ALC. Chemotherapy modifications must be based on ANC rather on ALC in
      order to avoid unnecessary dose reductions and delays of chemotherapy.

PMID- 3880159
TI  - [Determination of trace elements, ceruloplasmin and blood proteins in pulmonary
      neoplasms].
AB  - In cancer process there have been found metabolic changes in several elements,
      especially in respect to copper. It has been proved that there is an alteration
      in the serum levels of some metals, and in their distribution in the proteins
      binding them. On the other hand, there exist, also, ceruloplasmin differences
      between patients serum and the control. Our work has been carried out to study
      the trace element metabolism in lung cancer, as well as chromium and zinc
      contents. Electrophoretic techniques have been applied to study the protein
      levels.

PMID- 3880160
TI  - [Epidemiology and diagnosis of cervical cancer].
AB  - The authors study 567 medical histories of women with cancer of the uterine
      cervix. They describe the data in relation to epidemiology and cytology,
      colposcopy, and the procedure for an early diagnosis.

PMID- 3880161
TI  - [Evolution of some epidemiologic factors in invasive carcinoma of the uterine
      cervix. The period from 1972-1985].
AB  - 204 cases of invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix seen in the period 1972
      1985 are studied. The incidence was higher from 50 to 69 years of age and maximum
      during the last years of the decade of the fifties. It was verified that the
      early beginning of sexual intercourse increases the number of cases and the age
      of presentation, and also that invasive uterine cervix cancer is more common in
      women with 3 or more pregnancies, while the incidence decreases in women with 1
      or 2 pregnancies and specially in nulliparous virgins.

PMID- 3880162
TI  - [Epidemiologic factors in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III in our
      experience].
AB  - The study of 52 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia seen from 1980 to
      1984 shows that early sexual activity increases the relative risk 3.35 times if
      the intercourse takes place before 20 years of age, and 2.5 times if before 15
      years. The use of IUD increases the risk 2.77 times. Parity, civil status and
      gynecologic infections do not increase the risk. Cervical intraepithelial
      neoplasia is more frequently diagnosed in women with a higher socio-economic
      status, due to a better health care.

PMID- 3880163
TI  - [Colposcopy and early diagnosis of cancer of the uterine cervix].
AB  - This work shows the indications, procedure, and usefulness of colposcopy in the
      early detection of cervical carcinoma. Colposcopy is very useful, and 20 per 100
      of the false positive cases are generally corrected by the cytological study. The
      combined use of cytology and colposcopy attains the early diagnosis of most cases
      of preclinical carcinoma of the cervix.

PMID- 3880164
TI  - [Correlation of cyto-colpo-histology in 204 invasive carcinomas of the uterine
      cervix].
AB  - The combined use of colposcopy and cytology allows the diagnosis of 98.39 per
      cent of the cases of invasive cervical carcinoma.

PMID- 3880165
TI  - [Tumor markers in cervical carcinoma].
AB  - The value of seven tumor markers to differentiate preinvasive and invasive
      gynecologic tumors is studied. CEA beta -hCH. alpha -FP and alpha
      glycoprotein/prealbumin quotient allow such differentiation, while TPA, LDH-V and
      PRL have no value as markers of the gynecologic tumors and to not distinguish
      between preinvasive and invasive tumors.

PMID- 3880166
TI  - [Study of in situ cancer of the uterine cervix in the Provincial Hospital of
      Madrid].
AB  - Seventy nine cases of in situ cervical carcinoma (CIN III) treated between 1977
      and 1985 are studied. CIN III appears ten years before invasive cervical
      carcinoma, at a mean age of 42.8 years. Parity may be a risk factor by itself or
      reflect the precocity and frequency of sexual intercourse. The study confirms
      that most of the times the combination of vaginal cytology and colposcopy
      attained the diagnosis. The best therapeutical methods are conization and then
      total hysterectomy, depending on lesion localization, patient age and early
      needs. Very young patients with lesions that do not reach the endocervical region
      may be treated by CO2 laser or cryotherapy.

PMID- 3880167
TI  - [Analysis of 194 conizations: residual lesions require hysterectomy].
AB  - CIN I and CIN II can be treated by colposcopy-guided biopsy. Control examinations
      must be made every six months. Persistence of a CIN II lesion is an indication
      for conization. Some CIN III cases can be treated by conization, but considering
      the frequency of residual lesions and insufficient conization, a total
      hysterectomy is a safer procedure.

PMID- 3880168
TI  - [Our experience in the surgical treatment of cervical carcinoma].
AB  - The authors study 60 cases of invasive carcinoma of the cervix uteri belonging to
      several tumor stages. They analyze their past history, histology, lymph node
      invasion and symptomatology. The authors indicate the employed therapy and the
      five year survival rate, that was 82.3% for stage Ib tumors, 0% for stage IIA and
      78.7% for stage IIB. The data for stage IIA are not significant statistically
      because the small number of the studied cases.

PMID- 3880169
TI  - [Contributions to the study of pulmonary carcinoma. Review of 138 cases].
AB  - A study was carried out in 138 lung cancer patients from the Department of
      Radiology and Physiotherapy of the Faculty of Medicine of Cadiz between 1983 and
      1986. The patients were classified according to the pathologic anatomy in order
      to analyze the statistical variations in relation to sex, localization,
      metastases, clinical stage and radiation therapy. The obtained results about the
      form of presentation and behavior of each one of the pathologic anatomy types of
      lung carcinoma agree in some aspects with other works that have been consulted,
      and may help the radiotherapists in their clinical and therapeutic approach.

PMID- 3880170
TI  - Sleep and body temperature in "morning" and "evening" people.
AB  - Three groups of young, normal sleepers were selected as morning types (MTs),
      evening types (ETs), and neither types (NTs) as determined by the Horne and
      Ostberg questionnaire. Sleep and rectal temperatures were recorded under three
      conditions: baseline nights (Cond. 1), sleep on the recovery day after 1 night of
      sleep deprivation (Cond. 2), and sleep on the recovery night after 1 night and 1
      day of sleep deprivation (Cond. 3). During Conds. 1 and 3, when sleep schedules
      were self-determined, sleep structure and body temperature were similar in MTs,
      and ETs, and NTs. During Cond. 2, however, MTs had poorer sleep, i.e., a smaller
      percentage of REM sleep and more awakenings, than ETs. This difference can be
      related to the evolution of temperature during Cond. 2; i.e., a temperature
      increase in the MT and NT and a decrease in the ET.

PMID- 3880171
TI  - Periodic movements in sleep and sleep-wake complaint.
AB  - Periodic movements during sleep (PMS) are frequent, involuntary movements,
      usually of the lower extremities, that disrupt sleep. Twelve patients (nine men
      and three women, mean age 53.9 years) with a complaint of persistent insomnia
      (DIMS) were compared with 11 patients (eight men and three women, mean age 53.0
      years) complaining of excessive daytime sleepiness (DOES). DIMS patients had more
      PMS (both absolute and relative), a longer delay to sleep onset and to REM onset,
      more wakefulness after sleep onset, and less total sleep time. Although the
      fragmentation of physiological sleep was more severe in the DIMS patients, those
      individuals with DOES reported cognitive intrusions during their sleep. While
      DOES patients may be regarded as "sleeping through" the brief arousals associated
      with leg activity during sleep, there appears to be sufficient cognitive
      awareness of the nocturnal interruption to precipitate a complaint of daytime
      sleepiness. Insomnia patients, however, appear to experience longer and more
      frequent awakenings, which are proportional to increased fragmentation of sleep.

PMID- 3880173
TI  - Auditory arousal thresholds during sleep in hyperkinetic children.
AB  - Auditory arousal thresholds were determined throughout sleep (4-night protocol)
      in prepubertal nonmedicated and medicated hyperkinetic and normal control male
      children. The most striking result was the general inability to arouse children
      of all groups to behavioral response even at intensities up to 123 dB sound
      pressure level. Of total awakening attempts, 52.5% resulted in non-arousal, 13%
      resulted in partial, nonsustained physiological arousal responses, and 34.3% were
      associated with complete awakenings. A significant increase in proportion of
      awakenings and decrease in the frequency of nonarousals occurred across the
      night. The groups did not differ with respect to the number of arousal responses.
      Although nonmedicated hyperkinetic children tended to have lower arousal
      thresholds relative to children in both comparison groups, the only significant
      group difference was a lower threshold response in nonmedicated, relative to
      medicated, hyperkinetic subjects during stage 2 sleep. Arousal thresholds in
      hyperkinetic children receiving stimulant medication approximated those of normal
      control children. The enhanced sensitivity of nonmedicated hyperkinetic subjects
      to auditory stimuli during sleep is interpreted as indicating that processes
      responsible for elevating arousal threshold at this time are less effective in
      these children.

PMID- 3880172
TI  - Diagnosis of narcolepsy using the multiple sleep latency test: analysis of
      current laboratory criteria.
AB  - Multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT) performed on 144 patients with excessive
      daytime somnolence were examined for the diagnostic reliability of a short sleep
      latency (SL less than 5 min) and the presence of sleep-onset REM periods
      (SOREMPs). Based on clinical criteria, 61 patients (42%) were diagnosed as having
      narcolepsy. Thirty-five narcoleptic patients and five nonnarcoleptic patients
      exhibited a mean SL less than 5 min, yielding a sensitivity of 57% and a
      specificity of 94% for this criterion for pathological drowsiness. The occurrence
      of two or more SOREMPs was found in 52 narcoleptic patients but in only one
      nonnarcoleptic patient (sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 99%). Those
      narcoleptic patients with cataplexy demonstrated a shorter SL and more frequent
      SOREMPs than their noncataplectic counterparts. It was concluded that the MSLT is
      a highly reliable laboratory tool for the confirmation of the diagnosis of
      narcolepsy based on the SOREMP criterion. The criterion value for SL in
      pathological drowsiness may depend on laboratory conditions as well as the
      patient population selected.

PMID- 3880174
TI  - A comparison of tracheal breath sounds, airflow, and impedance pneumography in
      the detection of childhood apnea.
AB  - Impedance respiratory monitoring is not capable of detecting obstructive apneas.
      We compared a microphone breath sound detector, coupled to the chest wall, with a
      standard impedance device in 10 sleeping infants and children in order to
      determine the ability of the breath sound detector to detect normal respirations
      and central and obstructive apneas. Airflow was used as a standard for all
      measurements. No difference was found between the breath sound detector and
      impedance device techniques in the detection rate of either normal respirations
      or central apneic intervals. There was no statistically significant difference
      between breath sounds and airflow in the ability of either technique to detect
      obstructive apnea. The use of a breath sound detector avoids unnecessary
      stimulation of a sleeping child, whose monitoring would otherwise require that
      two or three airflow sensing devices be taped on the face. Breath sound
      monitoring may represent an alternative to impedance and airflow techniques for
      evaluation of apnea in closely observed infants and children.

PMID- 3880175
TI  - Prenatal development of sleep-wake patterns in sheep.
AB  - Chronic intrauterine monitoring of electrocortical activity, eye movements, and
      electromyographic activity of the nuchal muscles has permitted the use of
      established polygraphic criteria to study the ontogenetic development of
      organized sleep-wake patterns in the fetal lamb in utero. Sixty-five polygraphic
      recordings obtained from 21 fetal lambs ranging from 112 to 144 days of gestation
      (term = 145 days) were analyzed. The results show that the transition from
      disorganized to organized behavioral state patterns occurs at approximately 115
      120 days (0.8 term). The physiologic characteristics of the arousal, quiet sleep
      (QS), and REM sleep (REMS) states are qualitatively similar to those in the
      adult. There is initially a high proportion of REMS (greater than 50%), with only
      11% time spent in arousal. The direct transition from arousal to REMS without a
      QS period is frequently seen in the fetus at all ages. Quantitative changes in
      the distribution of behavioral states continue throughout gestation. There is a
      significant decrease in the incidence of REMS, with a small increase in arousal
      and QS. The duration of QS and REMS episodes increases with age until a steady
      level is achieved by 130 days. There is also an increase in the frequency of
      occurrence of arousal periods, with no change in episode duration.

PMID- 3880176
TI  - Dream recall after sleep interruption in brain-injured patients.
AB  - Nineteen patients with unilateral hemispheric lesions of a vascular or neoplastic
      nature were studied. Before the onset of disease, these patients had experienced
      dream recall at least once a week. During hospitalization their dream recall was
      investigated using a morning diary for 10 consecutive days. During this period,
      seven patients reported having dreamed, whereas 12 had no dream recall.
      Subsequently, the patients' sleep was interrupted during both stage 2 NREM and
      REM sleep. With this method, 11 patients reported having dreamed at least once,
      whereas eight had no dream recall. Patients with lesions in the temporo-parieto
      occipital region had a more frequent loss of dream recall than those with lesions
      outside this area. The agreement between the results obtained using the diary and
      those from provoked awakening was significant. The results obtained from
      compilation of a diary on morning awakening appear sufficiently reliable to
      reveal the presence or absence of dream recall in patients with focal cerebral
      lesions in the acute phase of the disease.

PMID- 3880177
TI  - Obstructive sleep apnea induced by a parapharyngeal cystic hygroma in an infant.
AB  - A 7-week-old infant with severe sleep apnea underwent polysomnography that
      revealed as many as 455 obstructive apneas per night; the apneic episodes had a
      mean duration of 34 s. A growing tumor in the neck, a parapharyngeal cystic
      hygroma, was discovered and surgically removed. The infant's condition improved
      dramatically, and a follow-up polygraphic recording was normal. During the
      following 10 months the child's condition remained stable. The case reported
      illustrates a rare cause of severe sleep obstructive apnea. It also reinforces
      the need for a complete medical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of
      obstructive sleep apnea in infants.

PMID- 3880178
TI  - Indications and standards for cardiopulmonary sleep studies.

PMID- 3880179
TI  - Illustrated glossary for spinal anatomy. With explanations and a French and
      German translation.
AB  - The authors define, explain, and illustrate a number of concepts pertaining to
      normal spinal anatomy that are of practical use but omitted in standard
      anatomical sources or are the subject of conflicting views: bony and
      cartilaginous end-plate, marginal ring, cortex of the vertebral body, isthmus,
      neurocentral junction, uncus, uncovertebral joint, zygapophyseal joint, annulus
      fibrosus, shorter and longer perivertebral ligaments, interspinous bursa, mamillo
      accessory ligament. A French and German translation of recommended terms is
      provided as well.

PMID- 3880180
TI  - Felty syndrome: autoimmune neutropenia or immune-complex-mediated disease?
AB  - Immunofluorescence on polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) of patients with Felty
      syndrome (FS) revealed increased amounts of IgG, IgA, and IgM bound to the PMN
      surface compared with PMN of patients with rheumatoid arthritis alone. A positive
      correlation was found between the score for surface-bound immunoglobulins on FS
      PMN and the results of the Clq binding assay in FS sera. After preincubation with
      sera from 20 patients with FS, immunofluorescence on PMN from healthy controls
      (HC) showed that these cells had bound IgG, IgA, and IgM. However F(ab')2
      fragments of IgG from FS sera did not bind to PMN, although the antigen-binding
      reactivity of the F(ab')2 fragments was maintained as shown by control
      experiments. Immunoglobulins eluted from FS-PMN failed to bind to HC-PMN, whereas
      the corresponding IgG of patients with autoimmune neutropenia was bound. Gel
      filtration of FS sera on Sepharose 4B showed that the binding of IgG in FS sera
      to PMN did not coincide with the 7S peak but occurred mainly in fractions
      containing larger material. No binding of IgA and IgM to HC-PMN was found after
      incubation with FS sera pretreated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to precipitate
      immune complexes. These results indicate that in sera of patients with FS the PMN
      binding reactivity of IgG, IgA, and IgM is due to the binding of immune complexes
      containing these immunoglobulins and not to presence of autoantibodies directed
      to antigens on the neutrophil surface.

PMID- 3880181
TI  - Studies on endothelial cell cytotoxic activity in sera of patients with
      progressive systemic sclerosis, Raynaud syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and
      systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Using human umbilical cord endothelial cell cultures and a modified 3HTdR uptake
      technique, endothelial cell cytotoxic activity (ECA) has been demonstrated in
      sera of 95/130 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), 14/20 patients
      with Raynaud syndrome (RS), 52/153 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 47/113 systemic
      lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera. ECA could be enriched by gel filtration from PSS
      sera in a molecular weight range of 5 k daltons. ECA was partially associated
      with serum proteins, mainly in the albumin containing fraction, albeit at a lower
      level of activity. In PSS, no relationship of ECA to the type of skin involvement
      was observed. ECA appears to be a low molecular weight mediator of, as yet,
      unknown origin.

PMID- 3880182
TI  - Intercellular network in articular cartilage of pigs with experimentally induced
      arthritis. I. Fact or artifact?
AB  - Porcine articular cartilage from cases of experimentally induced Erysipelas
      arthritis was examined with different histological techniques and by electron
      microscopy. A small percentage of specimens of osteoarthritic cartilage revealed
      an interlacunar network in the extracellular matrix. These "matrix-streaks"
      showed characteristic features of densely packed fibrillar elements and
      collagenous fibrils, as narrow bands connecting adjacent chondrocytes. In a given
      cartilage site the network had a constant pattern. It is hypothesized that the
      network formation is correlated with altered joint metabolism and represents
      regressive changes in cartilage matrix as a result of external mechanical forces.
      Using a variety of methods, the possibility of the network being an artifact of
      histological processing could virtually be ruled out. As there are so far only
      few and contradictory reports on the interlacunar network of articular cartilage,
      its precise biological significance remains to be established.

PMID- 3880183
TI  - S-100 protein in normal, osteoarthrotic, and arthritic cartilage.
AB  - The occurrence of the S-100 protein was studied in normal and pathological
      cartilage from patients with osteoarthrosis and rheumatoid arthritis. In normal
      cartilage all cells of the different zones exhibit immunoreactivity for this
      protein. An identical distribution is observed in cases of osteoarthrosis and
      rheumatoid arthritis. Cellular pannus tissue usually is devoid of the S-100
      protein. However, if chondroid metaplasia occurs in this tissue the cells become
      positive for the S-100 protein. From these results it is concluded that a
      chondroid metaplasia not only leads to a matrix comparable to cartilage but also
      contains cells that gain further characteristics of original chondrocytes.

PMID- 3880184
TI  - Cartilage of the baboon contains estrogen receptors.
AB  - Castrated-adrenalectomized aged female baboons were injected with 3H-estradiol-17
      B (E2) and killed one hour later. Specimens from all regions of the larynx and
      oral cavity were taken and processed for autoradiography. A consistent and heavy
      uptake of 3H-E2 by the perichondrium and cartilage was found in all laryngeal
      sections with cartilage present and in the articular cartilage of the condyle of
      the mandible. These data provide evidence that cartilage contains receptors for
      estrogen. These data along with data already present in the literature suggest
      that circulating estrogen may act directly on cartilage to modulate collagen
      synthesis and further that the loss in circulating estrogen associated with
      menopause might in part explain the large sexual dimorphism associated with the
      incidence of osteoarthritis.

PMID- 3880185
TI  - Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy in cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 3880186
TI  - Chlorophenol exposure in sawmills.

PMID- 3880187
TI  - Industrial hygiene characterization of automotive wood model shops.
AB  - A suspicion of an excess cancer risk in automotive model shops prompted the
      Industrywide Studies Branch, NIOSH, to conduct a proportionate mortality study
      and an industrial hygiene characterization of operations in these shops. The
      mortality study showed a statistically significant excess proportion of deaths
      due to colon cancer and leukemia (for woodshops only). The materials used in the
      model shops include various natural woods, laminated woods, plastics, resins,
      varnishes, putties and paints. Personal breathing zone samples were collected for
      total and respirable dust, amines, various hydrocarbons (including styrene, and
      toluene), formaldehyde, and nitrosamines. Particle size distribution studies were
      conducted on the wood dust and bulk airborne samples of dusts were subjected to
      various mutagenicity test systems. Work practices, ventilation and general
      housekeeping were checked. Total wood dust samples ranged from 0.03 to 25 mg/m3
      with an average around 1.0 mg/m3. The percent respirable dust ranged from 19 to
      38% as measured with Andersen impactors. Solvent exposure samples ranged from non
      detectable to about 10% of the OSHA Permissible Exposure Levels. Relevant
      recommendations for improvement of contaminant control were made.

PMID- 3880188
TI  - Measurements of combustion product emission factors of unvented kerosene heaters.
AB  - Emissions of combustion products from unvented kerosene heaters were measured in
      an exhaust system used to ventilate the units. Measurements of carbon monoxide,
      nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde and particulates are reported and
      compared with the results of several other studies. Dilution ventilation
      requirements to maintain occupational and air quality standards are presented.

PMID- 3880189
TI  - Prediction of distress for individuals wearing industrial respirators.
AB  - The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of trait
      anxiety in predicting respiratory distress resulting from heavy physical work
      performed while wearing an industrial respirator. Spielberger's trait anxiety
      scale was administered to 45 male volunteers in order to identify individuals
      with elevated trait anxiety. This testing was followed by a pulmonary function
      test, resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), and an exercise ECG. Individuals
      with cardiovascular and/or pulmonary impairment did not continue with subsequent
      tests. The subjects next completed three treadmill tasks varying in intensity
      from 35% to 80% of VO2max, and each trial lasted for 10 minutes. Twenty-five of
      these individuals performed the exercise tasks while wearing a self-contained
      breathing apparatus (SCBA) in the demand mode, whereas the remaining 20 subjects
      used a pressure-demand SCBA. The reason for terminating exercise was classified
      as respiratory or non-respiratory on the basis of self-report responses on a 7
      point dyspnea scale, as well as general responses concerning muscular fatigue and
      respiration. It was predicted, based upon trait anxiety scores, that six
      individuals would have respiratory distress, and five (83%) of these predictions
      were correct. It was also predicted that 39 of the 45 subjects would not
      experience distress and 38 (97%) of these predictions were correct. It was
      concluded that objective measures of trait anxiety can be used to identify those
      individuals who are most likely to experience distress while wearing an
      industrial respirator and performing heavy physical exercise.

PMID- 3880190
TI  - Microcomputer programs for the evaluation of predictable long-term exposure.
AB  - Some methods proposed for evaluation of predictable long-term exposure by
      statistical treatment of workshift exposure values are considered. Predictable
      long-term exposure is a useful parameter for risk assessment procedures, as it
      allows the evaluation of workplace hazards by taking into account interday
      variability of exposure to air contaminants. Statistical calculations required
      for evaluating predictable long-term exposure may be performed easily by hand
      held programmable calculators. The programs reported here are for use with a
      Texas Instruments TI-59 hand-held programmable calculator equipped with a PC-100
      C thermal printer. They are designed for users inexperienced in programming,
      since an interactive approach has been adopted that helps communication between
      user and computer.

PMID- 3880191
TI  - Computerized spirometry using a portable microcomputer.
AB  - The reliable conduct of pulmonary function studies, while in the field, is
      increasingly important as various standards mandate this activity. Versatile,
      portable and accurate equipment is required. A lightweight and computerized
      portable spirometer system is discussed, PSPIRO, which uses a standard volumetric
      spirometer and a briefcase-sized microcomputer. The system, compact enough to be
      easily moveable by one person, performs tests for FVC, FEV(1), FEV(3), the
      percentage of predicted pulmonary function for each, and the ratio of FEV(1)/FVC.
      Back extrapolation is used to establish the start of each forced expiratory
      maneuver, reproducibility checks are performed, and accuracy is within acceptable
      epidemiologic standards. A small, portable analog to digital interface (PLAD) was
      developed for performing A/D conversions through the RS-232C port of the portable
      microcomputer.

PMID- 3880192
TI  - Noise exposure--sample size and confidence limit calculation.
AB  - In a previous paper a method for assessing noise exposure levels of workers from
      the same trade was presented. There was also discussed how to apply the NIOSH
      sample size method to noise exposed populations. In this paper both subjects are
      further discussed by including the calculation of confidence limits for the mean
      noise exposure as well as for the percentage of workers with noise exposure
      levels beyond a certain level. The calculation of the sample size of a population
      where standard deviation is known is also discussed.

PMID- 3880193
TI  - Evaluation of an aerosol photometer for monitoring welding fume levels in a
      shipyard.
AB  - A direct reading aerosol photometer (Sibata P-5 Digital Dust Indicator) was used
      to assess fume levels from welding and burning operations in a shipyard. The
      photometer was calibrated with gravimetric analysis of filter samples collected
      simultaneously with instrument readings. A six-fold difference between
      calibration factors for personal and area samples was found. This difference can
      be explained by expected changes in particle size distributions in welding fume.
      Monitoring of various work situations was performed in order to assess the value
      of the photometer for the measurement of fume. Measurements categorized by
      enclosure of space and quality of ventilation indicated the presence of high fume
      levels in semi-enclosed and enclosed spaces. The build up of welding fume in an
      enclosed space occurred over several minutes after the arc was struck. Decay
      likewise required several minutes. During welding, wide fluctuations of fume
      concentrations were found. Thus a single reading was not adequate to characterize
      average fume levels. Although this type of instrument is useful for locating
      areas with high fume levels and monitoring the effectiveness of ventilation, the
      uncertainty in calibration factors makes accurate determinations of fume levels
      difficult.

PMID- 3880194
TI  - Intrafascicular decompression in the treatment of causalgia with special
      reference to the mechanism.
AB  - A new concept of the pathogenesis of causalgia is suggested in accordance with
      experimental and clinical work. Endoneural hypertension secondary to nerve trunk
      disruption is incriminated and intrafascicular decompression is used as the key
      therapeutic measure. In 14 patients with causalgia thus treated, all except 1
      were cured. No symptomatic recurrence was noted in a 4- to 6-year follow-up
      study.

PMID- 3880195
TI  - Replantation of digits amputated at or about the distal interphalangeal joint.
AB  - Sixty-four digits amputated at or distal to the distal interphalangeal joint were
      reimplanted in 57 patients with the use of microsurgical techniques. Five
      patients were children under 3 years of age. The percentage of survival was
      96.9%. Before the operation, the surgical anatomy of the amputated digits was
      studied and particular attention was focused on the microvasculature. Equal
      emphasis was given to the reinnervation and revascularization of the amputated
      digits.

PMID- 3880196
TI  - Replantation of avulsively amputated thumb: a report of 15 cases.
AB  - Since 1978 a series of 15 avulsively amputated thumbs were replanted with
      survival of the replantation in 14 patients. Good restoration of sensory and
      motor functions for these patients eradicates the old concept that replantation
      for avulsively amputated digits is contraindicated or a poor risk. We emphasize
      the importance of proper management of the transfer technique of the severed
      tendons, nerves, and blood vessels during the replantation. Details are
      described. The only failure was a result of technical faults. We conclude that
      replantation of an avulsively amputated thumb is worthwhile and will be
      beneficial to the patient.

PMID- 3880197
TI  - Free musculocutaneous flap transfer of extensor digitorum brevis muscle by
      microvascular anastomosis for restoration of function of thenar and adductor
      pollicis muscles.
AB  - This article reports 3 cases of surgical restoration of function of the thenar
      muscle and the adductor pollicis muscle of the thumb with free musculocutaneous
      flaps of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle of the toe by microsurgical
      technique. Two years' follow-up revealed good functional recovery of the hand
      with normal electromyographic findings and grade 3-4 muscular power.

PMID- 3880198
TI  - Medial leg skin flap: vascular anatomy and clinical applications.
AB  - A new medial leg skin flap was reported with 100% success in 17 clinical cases.
      The surgical anatomy and the details of the technique are described.

PMID- 3880199
TI  - One-stage reconstruction of esophageal defect by free transfer of jejunum:
      treatment and complications.
AB  - We report on 20 patients with esophageal defects that were reconstructed by
      jejunum transplant with the help of microsurgical techniques. Sixteen attempts
      were successful, for a success rate of 80%. Three types of reconstruction were
      used: free jejunum transfer, free jejunum flap transfer, and partially pedicled
      jejunum transfer with the distal portion revascularized. This article emphasizes
      the complications of these procedures, including tearing of the jejunum
      mesentery, thrombosis at the anastomotic stoma, balloon-like distention of the
      cervical portion of the transferred jejunum, strangulation at the diaphragm
      foramen, and stenosis of the anastomotic stoma between the remnant of the
      esophagus and the transferred jejunum. Measures for prevention and treatment of
      these complications are also discussed.

PMID- 3880200
TI  - Vascular metatarsophalangeal to ankylosed temporomandibular joint replacement.
AB  - Four cases of unilateral temporomandibular (TM) joint ankylosis were successfully
      treated by metatarsophalangeal to TM joint replacement by microvascular
      technique. Results 6 to 20 months postoperatively were encouraging. Further
      follow-up studies are necessary to evaluate the long-term results.

PMID- 3880201
TI  - Repair of severe tissue loss and deformity of maxillofacial area.
AB  - Our experience in the management of 125 patients with massive facial defects
      since 1975 is detailed. The defects were closed in one of four principal ways (or
      a combination thereof): (1) free flap, (2) musculocutaneous flap, (3) forehead
      flap, and (4) dorsal tube flap. The surgical details and indications for each of
      these are outlined and examples given.

PMID- 3880202
TI  - A new method for treating postburn talipes equinovarus.
AB  - Postburn talipes equinovarus has long been a challenging problem for plastic
      surgeons, who usually replace the overlying scar in multistaged flap or tube
      transfer operations before lengthening the shortened Achilles tendon. This always
      requires long hospitalization and causes much discomfort for the patient because
      of postural immobilization. In 1975, I designed a new and simple procedure by Z
      lengthening the scar tissue and the Achilles tendon as a whole in one stage. To
      date, the operative result in 10 cases has been excellent, without failure or
      recurrence.

PMID- 3880203
TI  - One-stage reconstruction of the penis with composite iliac crest and lateral
      groin skin flap.
AB  - We present a new method for a one-stage phalloplasty. In forming the penile body
      and its rigid supporting tissue, a composite flap, including the lateral groin
      skin flap (11 cm long and 10 cm wide) and the iliac crest bone in its entire
      length, is designed based on the superficial circumflex iliac artery and its
      accompanying veins. The urethra is constructed by one of two types of skin flap.
      When the skin of the scrotal septal area is good and hairless and the urethral
      opening is located at the pubic symphysis, a scrotal septal skin flap is used.
      When the scrotal skin cannot be used and the urethral opening is located in the
      scrotum or perineum, a superficial inferior epigastric vessel island skin flap
      can be selected. Since April 1983, the method has been used to reconstruct the
      penis in 4 patients. All operations were successful. The technique is described
      in detail and the advantages and disadvantages are stated.

PMID- 3880204
TI  - The use of scrotal septal neurovascular pedicle island skin flap in one-stage
      repair of hypospadias.
AB  - A scrotal septum neurovascular pedicle skin flap was successfully used in one
      stage repair of hypospadias in 30 patients with encouraging results. The hairless
      median scrotal skin flap, with the scrotal septum attached, rich in neurovascular
      plexus and with the flap tip continuous with the external urethral orifice, is
      ideal material for creating a new penile urethra without interference to its
      blood supply. Operative technique and clinical analysis are detailed.

PMID- 3880205
TI  - Vaginal reconstruction using labia minora flaps in congenital total absence.
AB  - A simplified technique using labia minora for total lining of the neovagina
      succeeded in 7 of our 10 patients with encouraging cosmetic and physiological
      results. In the remaining 3 patients, because of the smaller size of the labia
      minora, additional free skin grafts were necessary. The surgical technique,
      especially the surgical anatomy of the labia minora, is described in detail.

PMID- 3880206
TI  - Traditional craniotomies of the Kisii tribe of Kenya.
AB  - Our research team has reviewed the practice of traditional craniotomy by the
      ababari emetwe (craniotomists) of the Kisii tribe of Kenya through interviews
      with a number of craniotomists and their patients over a period of several years,
      and through observation of a number of the operations. Cultural background,
      rationale and indications, techniques and instrumentation, complications, and
      medical implications of this practice are examined. Our findings are recorded to
      preserve the details of a cultural phenomenon which is probably destined to
      disappear within this generation.

PMID- 3880207
TI  - Occurrence and control of Aphanomyces (Saprolegniales: fungi) infections in
      laboratory colonies of larval Anopheles.

PMID- 3880208
TI  - Isolation of an organophosphate susceptible strain of Culex quinquefasciatus from
      a resistant field population by discrimination against esterase-2 phenotypes.

PMID- 3880209
TI  - A simple electronic timer for animal-baited intermittent suction insect traps.
AB  - A versatile integrated circuit timer for intermittent suction, animal-baited
      insect traps is described. Various attributes of this circuit include
      continuously and independently variable on and off periods, extremely low power
      consumption, accurate timing range from microseconds through hours, operation on
      5-17 VDC, and miniaturization.

PMID- 3880210
TI  - Partly colored larva, an autosomal recessive lethal mutation in the floodwater
      mosquito Aedes vexans.
AB  - A first mutation in a laboratory strain of the floodwater mosquito Aedes vexans
      is described. Partly colored larva (pcl) is inherited monofactorially as a
      recessive autosomal lethal, causing only dark coloration of the head capsule, the
      saddle on abdominal segment X and the respiratory siphon during the 4th larval
      stage. All mutants die in the 4th larval (49%) or pupal stage. The sex-linked
      mutant white eye (w) was used in crosses to show autosomal inheritance.

PMID- 3880211
TI  - A simple method of identifying organophosphate insecticide resistance in adults
      of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti.
AB  - A simple filter paper spot test is described for identifying adult Aedes aegypti
      resistant to malathion as a result of raised esterase levels. The method is
      compared with established polyacrylamide gel (PAG) electrophoresis techniques for
      determining esterase-6 activity, and its applicability as a field test is
      discussed.

PMID- 3880212
TI  - Efficacy of granular formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis (H-14) for the
      control of Anopheles larvae in rice fields.
AB  - Three granular formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis (H-14) were applied to
      dense stands of maturing and mature rice for control of Anopheles crucians and
      An. quadrimaculatus. Aerial applications of the Vectobac granule (200 ITU/mg) at
      5.6, 11.2 and 22.4 kg/ha to 0.4 ha plots resulted in 92, 94 and 96% reduction 48
      hr after application, respectively, in populations predominantly consisting of
      late instars. The Bactimos granule (175 ITU/mg) was applied by aircraft to 0.4 ha
      plots and by a Cyclone seeder to 100 m2 plots at 2.8, 5.6 and 11.2 kg/ha,
      resulting in 100% reduction after 48 hr in natural populations of predominantly
      early instar larvae at all 3 rates with each type of application. Older instars
      confined to sentinel cages responded with 92, 98 and 100% mortality,
      respectively. Complete mortality was also observed at the same time in natural
      populations of predominantly young larvae in similar plots treated with Teknar
      granules (104 ITU/mg) at 1.7, 3.0 and 7.5 kg/ha. Near complete mortality (98-99%)
      was also observed in the older larvae used in the sentinel cages.

PMID- 3880213
TI  - Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis (H-14) for larval Aedes mosquito control in
      intermountain meadows in Wyoming.
AB  - One square meter field enclosures made of steel flashing, and natural ponds were
      used to determine the efficacy of Bactimos formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis
      (H-14) for control of late instar Aedes dorsalis, Ae. fitchii and Ae. melanimon
      mosquito larvae in intermountain meadows. Low temperatures caused decreased
      efficacy of the formulations tested in the laboratory, and spring temperature
      extremes lowered efficacy in field tests. Adequate control of fourth instar
      larvae was obtained in field studies in a 24 hour period when water temperatures
      were greater than or equal to 12 degrees C at a treatment rate of 0.1 mg/liter.

PMID- 3880214
TI  - A chironomid (Diptera: Chironomidae) midge population study and laboratory
      evaluation of larvicides against midges inhabiting the lagoon of Venice, Italy.
AB  - Chironomid larval densities in the saltwater lagoon of Venice, Italy, were
      assessed in the spring of 1984. Four organophosphates; chlorpyrifos, temephos,
      fenthion and fenitrothion, and three pyrethroids; cypermethrin, permethrin and
      deltamethrin, were tested in the laboratory against field-collected larvae. Three
      industrial formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (B.t.i.) were
      also tested as midge larvicides. Only Chironomus salinarius occurred in the
      benthic samples taken from different sections of the lagoon. The densities of
      this species ranged from 0 to 38,976 larvae/m2. The highest mean larval density
      of 15,673/m2 was encountered in a section of the lagoon adjacent to Venice
      airport and receiving large quantities of raw sewage. The lowest mean density
      (less than 1 larva/m2) existed in another area of the lagoon receiving discharge
      from chemical industry. Cypermethrin and permethrin were 21-233X more active
      against the larvae than the four organophosphates. Chlorpyrifos was the most
      active organophosphate. Formulations of B.t.i. were economically ineffective
      against the larvae.

PMID- 3880215
TI  - Control of snow pool mosquitoes with Bacillus thuringiensis serotype H-14 in
      mountain environments in California and Oregon.
AB  - Studies were conducted in mountainous areas of California and Oregon to test the
      effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis serotype H-14 in controlling larvae of
      snow pool Aedes mosquitoes, and also the effect of such larval control on the
      density of adult mosquitoes. California and Oregon studies showed that a wettable
      powder formulation of B.t.i. was effective in controlling mosquito larvae. In
      Oregon, treatment was effective even at water temperatures as low as 5 degrees C.
      Sampling of adult mosquitoes at campgrounds where intensive larval control was
      done failed to demonstrate a lowering of adult mosquito density in comparison
      with untreated control areas. Flight range studies showed that snow pool Aedes
      species can fly distances of up to 2 km, suggesting that infiltration from
      outside the treated area was one cause of failure. Inadequate seasonal timing
      appeared to be an additional factor. Using a simple computer model, we estimated
      that larval mosquito control with B.t.i. could be done for about $5,000 per
      season for a 500 ha area similar to our test area, a cost of $10 per ha ($4 per
      acre).

PMID- 3880216
TI  - Open marsh water management in Massachusetts: adapting the technique to local
      conditions and its impact on mosquito larvae during the first season.

PMID- 3880217
TI  - The association of artificial containers and LaCrosse encephalitis cases in
      Minnesota 1979.

PMID- 3880218
TI  - Larval diapause in Aedes hendersoni and Aedes triseriatus from southern Manitoba.

PMID- 3880219
TI  - Genetic analysis of a linkage group III mutant in Anopheles stephensi.

PMID- 3880220
TI  - Solubilized crystal of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis: effect on adult
      house flies, stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae), and green lacewings (Neuroptera:
      Chrysopidae).

PMID- 3880221
TI  - The status of deet (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) as a repellent for Anopheles
      albimanus.

PMID- 3880222
TI  - Mosquito abatement in a changing world.

PMID- 3880223
TI  - Metamorphosis.

PMID- 3880224
TI  - Laboratory evaluation of controlled-release insect repellent formulations.
AB  - Seven microcapsule formulations and two polymer formulations of deet were tested
      on white rabbits for their repellency against the mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Two
      microcapsule formulations and one polymer formulation provided more than 80%
      protection for 12 hours. Results demonstrated that the protection period of deet
      can be extended through controlled-release techniques.

PMID- 3880225
TI  - Aerial adulticiding for the suppression of Culex tarsalis in Kern County,
      California, using low-volume propoxur: 1. Selection and evaluation of the
      application system.
AB  - Propoxur applied aerially at 4.7 liters/ha was an effective adulticide against
      organophosphate resistant Culex tarsalis. Applications by fixed-wing and
      helicopter underslung spray systems equipped with hydraulic nozzles provided good
      coverage of test areas as indicated by the mortality patterns of sentinel
      mosquitoes. However, the propoxur wettable powder in larvicide oil formulation
      was dispersed in a very broad particle range. The fixed-wing (Ayres Thrush)
      aircraft treated 260 ha (640 acres) in 45 min and could carry a full load of 1500
      liters (400 gal) at temperatures in excess of 38 degrees C. In contrast, the
      helicopter (Bell UH-1) with an underslung spray system (Simplex Model 6800)
      required over 2 hrs to treat the same area at lower temperatures and could not
      carry a full load of 570 liters (150 gal) at temperatures greater than 38 degrees
      C.

PMID- 3880226
TI  - Aerial adulticiding for the suppression of Culex tarsalis in Kern County,
      California, using low volume propoxur: 2. Impact on natural populations in
      foothill and valley habitats.
AB  - A low volume formulation of propoxur wettable powder suspended in larvicidal oil
      was evaluated on 4 occasions in Kern Co., California during 1983 using fixed and
      rotary wing aerial application systems. Culex tarsalis abundance was suppressed
      significantly by all sprays, although reduction below the virus maintenance
      threshold of 30 females per trap night was achieved only at one foothill site.
      Western equine encephalomyelitis virus minimum infection rates decreased
      significantly after serial applications on 2 occasions at a valley site. However,
      virus persisted in the spray zone at minimum infection rates of greater than 1
      per 1000 Cx. tarsalis females tested and transmission of virus to sentinel
      chickens continued. The parity rates were reduced significantly at 2 semi
      isolated foothill sites, but not at a valley site where elevated autogeny rates
      increased the reproductive age of the host-seeking population. Spraying during
      late afternoon by helicopter resulted in better control than early morning
      applications by fixed wing aircraft at a valley site.

PMID- 3880227
TI  - Methods for evaluation of costs associated with permanent and temporary control
      methods for salt marsh mosquito abatement.
AB  - Faced with reduced operating expenses, mosquito control agencies must be able to
      assess cost-effectiveness of various control techniques using practical and
      simple procedures. Previous economic literature on this subject is sparse,
      controversial, and not routinely applicable. This paper proposes and tests
      methodologies for comparing costs of temporary and permanent control strategies
      utilizing actual biological and cost data routinely generated by two New Jersey
      mosquito extermination commissions.

PMID- 3880228
TI  - Temperature-induced morphological change in Culex pipiens.
AB  - The effect of temperature on Culex pipiens pipiens, Cx. p. quinquefasciatus, and
      reciprocal hybrids of the two was investigated by monitoring the DV/D ratios of
      these stocks maintained at 15.6 degrees C and 23.9 degrees C over 10 generations.
      Little variation occurred in mean values of the parental subspecies at either
      temperature. At 23.9 degrees C, the mean ratios for both hybrid lines rose from
      an intermediate value to a level well above the accepted minimum for Cx. p.
      quinquefasciatus (0.4), and the proportion of individuals identifiable as that
      subspecies increased 16-fold. At 15.6 degrees C, hybrid mean DV/D ratios
      decreased to or below the pipiens maximum value (0.2), and the proportion of
      pipiens individuals increased 4 to 5 times. The need to monitor closely the
      status of Cx. pipiens hybrid colonies is evident.

PMID- 3880229
TI  - Response of the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus in the Amman area of Jordan to
      certain insecticides.
AB  - The response of adult females of the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus to six
      insecticides was evaluated. Adults were collected from two locations in the Amman
      area from May to October 1983. The F1 generation was exposed to paper-impregnated
      insecticides using WHO test kits. At both locations, the most toxic insecticides
      were permethrin, propoxur and ferpropathrin. Malathion, dieldrin and DDT were far
      less effective.

PMID- 3880231
TI  - The effects of two different water management regimes on flooding and mosquito
      production in a salt marsh impoundment.
AB  - Over two years, the management regimes of: 1) opening a southeast Florida salt
      marsh impoundment to the adjacent estuary with culverts through the dike, then,
      2) passively retaining water with flapgate risers was studied to determine the
      effects on marsh flooding and resultant mosquito production. Larval dipping
      demonstrated that all broods occurred at elevations of 0.25-0.90 ft (= 0.08-0.27
      m) NGVD. Mosquito production differed significantly between some sampling
      quadrats and 65 (out of 75) broods were produced in the spring and summer from
      rainfall. Without artificial pumping, trapping of rainfall with flapgate risers
      aided in eliminating oviposition sites but still allowed mosquito production in
      some marsh locations. Even though tidal flooding permitted larvivorous fish
      access to mosquito larvae, they were not able to provide adequate control to
      eliminate larviciding.

PMID- 3880230
TI  - Attraction to mammals of male mosquitoes with special reference to Aedes
      diantaeus in Sweden.
AB  - During investigations in central Sweden on the ecology of mosquito vectors of
      Ockelbo disease, large numbers of Aedes diantaeus males and lesser numbers of Ae.
      communis, Ae. excrucians and Ae. intrudens males were captured in animal-baited
      (rabbit, guinea pig, hen, dove, unbaited control) suction- and net-traps. In the
      five suction-traps, 57% of the diantaeus captured (N = 1,896) were males.
      Although the guinea pig-baited suction-trap captured the highest mean number of
      diantaeus males, data showed that these males, like the females, were mainly
      attracted to the largest mammal, i.e., the rabbit. These males assembled in the
      vicinity of the rabbit presumably to intercept females coming to feed. The net
      trap data showed that orientation by the males to the rabbit presumably involved
      olfactory cues emanating from the mammal.

PMID- 3880232
TI  - Analysis of mosquito control agency public education programs in the United
      States.
AB  - Mosquito control is an important element of public health maintenance in the
      United States. Mosquito control agencies in this country have embraced the
      concept of Integrated Mosquito Control for the last decade or more. This concept
      ideally integrates the elements of chemical control, biological control and
      physical control, augmented by a planned public education program, into the total
      operational mosquito control program. Public education is the activity of
      routinely providing mosquito control information to the public-at-large, so that
      breeding sources on private properties can be reduced or eliminated. Public
      education appears to be highly regarded by the vast majority of American mosquito
      control workers. Despite this, it is not used as extensively by most mosquito
      control agencies as the more traditional chemical, biological and physical
      control methods. This study indicates that only a very small portion of the
      budgets of this country's mosquito control agencies is allocated to public
      education activities.

PMID- 3880233
TI  - Male-dependent stenogamy in Aedes taeniorhynchus.
AB  - A male-dependent stenogamous condition was found in a strain of Aedes
      taeniorhynchus that was derived from a field collection taken near Puerto
      Penasco, Mexico. Mating occurred readily in this strain, even when the adults
      were confined in 8-dram glass shell vials. Under such conditions, mating also
      occurred in interstrain crosses involving Puerto Penasco males with females from
      Florida strains of Ae. taeniorhynchus, but not in reciprocal crosses. For males
      of the Puerto Penasco strain, flight did not appear to be a prerequisite for
      mating.

PMID- 3880234
TI  - Recessive lethal mutations in Anopheles albimanus.
AB  - Six recessive lethal mutants of Anopheles albimanus are described. Homozygotes
      for three of the autosomal mutants, viz., bar eye, dot eye and hairy, die during
      the last larval or early pupal stages; complete linkage data are lacking for bar
      eye and hairy but dot eye is tightly linked to red eye on the right arm of
      chromosome 2. Larval and pupal mortality is high for homozygotes of the other two
      autosomal mutants, diseased larva and lunate. Survival to the adult stage of the
      lunate type is about 60% for both sexes, and for diseased larva the rates
      differed according to sex, 15% for males and 3% for females. A general lack of
      vitality of the surviving adults has prevented the establishment of homozygous
      stocks. From analyses of linkage data, diseased larva and lunate were assigned to
      chromosome 2, most probably on the left arm. The mutant, bubble head, is on the X
      chromosome, and therefore is expressed only in the hemizygous male, which usually
      dies during the early pupal stage.

PMID- 3880235
TI  - Wind tunnel evaluation of commonly used adulticides against New Orleans Aedes
      aegypti.

PMID- 3880236
TI  - A new cage for observing mating behavior of wild Anopheles gambiae in the
      laboratory.

PMID- 3880237
TI  - Beecomist Servoflo variable flow pumping system: a preliminary report.

PMID- 3880238
TI  - Efficacy of three insect growth regulators on the development of Aedes aegypti.

PMID- 3880239
TI  - A new method for applying Arosurf MSF (monomolecular surface film formulations).

PMID- 3880240
TI  - Wild-caught Aedes trivittatus naturally infected with filarial worms in Knox
      County, Tennessee.

PMID- 3880241
TI  - Aedes thibaulti: a new adult record from Rhode Island.

PMID- 3880242
TI  - Two BASIC programs for statistical analysis of periodicity data, based on the
      sine-wave function.

PMID- 3880243
TI  - Susceptibility of Culex nigripalpus to several isolates of Plasmodium hermani
      from wild turkeys in Florida.

PMID- 3880244
TI  - An injection method for spraying biological control agents and a monomolecular
      surface film for control of immature mosquitoes.

PMID- 3880245
TI  - The future of vector biology and control in the World Health Organization.

PMID- 3880246
TI  - Geographic variation of resistance to organophosphates, propoxur and DDT in the
      southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatis, in California.
AB  - A survey of resistance in larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus conducted at three
      widely separated geographical areas of California, namely Coachella Valley,
      southeast Los Angeles and northern San Joaquin Valley, revealed high resistance
      to temephos and lower resistance to chlorpyrifos, methyl parathion and malathion
      at all locations. Likewise resistance to DDT was high in all areas despite its
      withdrawal from use since 1970. There was no obvious tolerance to propoxur. Tests
      for the presence of esterase-2A have shown a close correlation between the
      frequency of this esterase and the level of organophosphate resistance.

PMID- 3880247
TI  - Experimental mass-rearing of the mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis.
AB  - A solar heated, closed-system, intensive culture facility for mass-rearing of
      Gambusia affinis is described. The results of fry production experiments and
      short-term growth rate experiments are presented and interpreted to indicate that
      operational fish production at or below the goal of $16.50/kg will not be easily
      reached.

PMID- 3880248
TI  - Evaluation of Beecomist-applied Bacillus thuringiensis (H-14) against Anopheles
      quadrimaculatus larvae in rice fields.
AB  - The Beecomist spray head was evaluated for aerial application of Bacillus
      thuringiensis var. israelensis (serotype H-14; Bti) at various ultra low volume
      (ULV) rates against natural populations of Anopheles quadrimaculatus larvae in
      rice fields. Deposits on Kromekote cards indicated that 0.54 liter/ha of neat Bti
      penetrated the dense canopy of the rice field. Mean number of droplets 65 cm
      below canopy level was 4.9 +/- 5.0/100 cm2. At 1 day posttreatment, applications
      of 0.54, 0.27, 0.11, 0.07 and 0.04 liter of Bti/ha resulted in reductions of
      97.9, 94.4, 93.0, 71.1 and 21.8%, respectively, of An. quadrimaculatus
      larvae/dip. Calculated lethal field dosages (LFD50 and LFD90) were 0.05 and 0.16
      liter/ha, respectively.

PMID- 3880249
TI  - Effect of axenic larvae on the oviposition site selection by Aedes atropalpus.
AB  - Axenic rearing of Aedes atropalpus was performed from previously sterilized eggs
      to pupae in sterile 2500-ml culture flasks containing 500 ml of sterile culture
      medium. The larval density in the axenic rearing waters was approximately 500
      larvae/liter. A series of experiments was conducted using respectively 6-, 9-, 12
      and 19-day old axenic larval rearing water. All these tested waters were
      significantly preferred by the Ae. atropalpus females. Sterile, distilled water
      was also significantly attractive after only 48-hr immersion of axenic fourth
      instar larvae. An axenic larval rearing water with higher larval density (900
      larvae/liter) was however repulsive. The last experiment presents evidence for
      blocking of the attractant effect at high larval densities.

PMID- 3880250
TI  - Notes on the Tabanidae (Diptera) of western Labrador.
AB  - The seasonal distribution and relative abundance of adult Tabanidae were studied
      in 2 mining communities of western Labrador during 1984. Four collecting methods
      were compared. Fifteen species belonging to 2 genera were collected (6 Chrysops
      and 9 Hybomitra). Results were compared with other studies conducted in adjacent
      northern areas. Chrysops excitans was the most abundant species collected. The
      horizontal distribution of adult host-seeking C. excitans was investigated. A
      list of species collected in previous years and in central Labrador is also
      given.

PMID- 3880251
TI  - Application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determination of
      the human blood index in anopheline mosquitoes collected in Iran.
AB  - The microplate method of an ELISA was modified for identification of human blood
      meals from 5,325 engorged mosquitoes belonging to 12 species of Anopheles
      captured in 19 provinces of Iran. Four hundred and four (7.5%) specimens reacted
      with the ELISA anti-human alkaline phosphatase conjugate. The human blood index
      in nine species of Anopheles varied from 3.6 to 23.7%. The results of this field
      application of the ELISA indicated that the technique is practical, reproducible
      and generally a suitable serological test for determination of human blood index
      of the anopheline mosquitoes.

PMID- 3880252
TI  - High-resolution gradient polyacrylamide electrophoresis of isozymes of the
      mosquito, Aedes aegypti.
AB  - A procedure for high resolution electrophoresis of isozymes of the mosquito Aedes
      aegypti using nonlinear (2.5%-20%) polyacrylamide gradient gel slabs is
      described. Crude mosquito homogenates were electrophoresed on gradient and on
      homogeneous (7%) polyacrylamide gels and stained for esterase (EST), isocitrate
      dehydrogenase (IDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH). The resulting zymograms were
      compared to demonstrate the high resolving power of the polyacrylamide gradient
      gel system.

PMID- 3880253
TI  - Use of a pyrethrin larvicide to control Culicoides variipennis (Diptera:
      Ceratopogonidae) in an alkaline lake.
AB  - Laboratory bioassays with Culicoides variipennis larvae from Borax Lake, CA,
      indicated an LC90 of 16.8 ppb for pyrethrins at 23 degrees C. A field test in a
      pond adjoining the lake reduced adult C. variipennis emergence greater than 99%
      for over 30 days after treatment at a rate of 131 ppb pyrethrins. Further small
      scale field tests indicated that C. variipennis could be controlled in the lake
      at a rate of 701 g/ha pyrethrins applied as a peripheral treatment. The first
      lake treatment resulted in a 99.3% decrease in the density of C. variipennis
      larvae along the shoreline. Four treatments resulted in a 98.5% decrease from non
      treatment years in the number of adult cumulative insect-days during May and
      June.

PMID- 3880254
TI  - Collection of Aedes atropalpus from coastal rock holes on the Keweenaw Peninsula,
      Michigan.

PMID- 3880255
TI  - New Jersey light trap modification to extend bulb life.

PMID- 3880256
TI  - A comparison of three traps for adult Culicoides variipennis (Ceratopogonidae).

PMID- 3880257
TI  - Aedes purpureipes in western Arizona.

PMID- 3880258
TI  - Location of esterase loci in Aedes aegypti.
AB  - Linkage relations of two loci, Est-4 and Est-6, have been studied in Aedes
      aegypti. Est-4 is on chromosome I, the sex chromosome, about 33 units from the
      sex region on the opposite side from red eye (re). This location is demonstrated
      for the first time. Data for Est-6 agree with results of other workers.

PMID- 3880259
TI  - Single-mosquito test to determine genotypes with an acetylcholinesterase
      insensitive to inhibition to propoxur insecticide.
AB  - A sensitive technique allowing to identify the three genotypes (AceSS, AceRR and
      AceRS) of the Ace gene existing in natural populations of Culex pipiens in
      southern France is described. The technique is based on the comparison of AChE
      (acetylcholinesterase) activity in 3 equal aliquots taken from the homogenate of
      a single mosquito (a) in absence of inhibitor (RA), (b) in presence of eserine
      that inhibits the AChE encoded by AceS and AceR alleles (RI) and (c) in presence
      of a concentration of propoxur inhibiting the AChE coded by the AceS allele but
      not by the AceR allele (RG). The mosquito tested is AceSS when RG = RI, AceRR
      when RG = RA and AceRS when RI less than RG less than RA.

PMID- 3880260
TI  - Preliminary data on use of the inland silverside, Menidia beryllina, to control
      mosquito larvae.
AB  - A study of procedures for spawning and culture of the inland silverside, Menidia
      beryllina, was conducted. The efficacy of young Menidia, 20 to 22 and 31 to 33
      days old, to control mosquito larvae was determined in the laboratory with first
      and second larval instars of the saltmarsh mosquito Aedes taeniorhynchus. Feeding
      trials were run at salinities of 1, 5, 15 and 25%. Field trials were also
      conducted to determine if Menidia would effectively control Culex
      quinquefasciatus in brackish water impoundments.

PMID- 3880261
TI  - Laboratory and field evaluation of the IGR fenoxycarb against mosquitoes.
AB  - A new juvenile hormone mimic [fenoxycarb or RO13-5223 ethyl-(p-phenoxyphenoxy)
      ethylcarbamate] was evaluated in the field against Culex tarsalis in stagnant
      water ponds, Psorophora columbiae and Aedes melanimon in irrigated pastures. This
      material, showing high level of activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus in
      laboratory, was found to be highly effective against field populations of the 3
      former species. A 5% attaclay granular formation yielded 100% inhibition of
      emergence in Cx. tarsalis at the rate of 0.1 lb/acre ai, 2 days after treatment.
      The extent of control declined markedly 7 days after treatment. An EC and 1% sand
      coated granular formulation yielded poor control providing 91 and 69% inhibition
      of emergence 2 days posttreatment at the high rate of 0.25 lb/acre ai. The 2
      flood water mosquitoes were about 10 X more susceptible than Cx. tarsalis. The EC
      and 1% attaclay granular formulations produced 100% inhibition of emergence of
      the floodwater mosquitoes Ps. columbiae and Ae. melanimon in irrigated pastures
      at the rate of 0.01 lb/acre ai, while Cx. tarsalis required 0.1 lb/acre ai for
      this level of EI. Most of the mortality in treatments with this insect growth
      regulator was noted in the pupal stage, very few dying in the larval stage or as
      adults upon emergence. From extensive field studies, it can be concluded that
      fenoxycarb has excellent potential in operational mosquito control programs.

PMID- 3880262
TI  - The dispersal of Culicoides mississippiensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in a salt
      marsh near Yankeetown, Florida.
AB  - Of the estimated 40,000 Culicoides mississipiensis adults released, 567
      (approximately 1.5%) were recovered over two, 4-day periods. Individuals traveled
      a mean distance of 2 km following the first release and 2.2 km after the second
      release. Their movement did not appear to be aided by wind. One specimen was
      recovered 3.2 km from the release point in 24-h.

PMID- 3880263
TI  - The duration of larval life of Aedes aegypti as affected by time of hatch.
AB  - When Aedes aegypti eggs (1-10 wk old) were submerged in water, larvae that
      hatched in the 24 hr period following exposure to reduced oxygen developed
      significantly faster than larvae from the initial hatch. There were significant
      differences in the sex ratios between first- and second-hatch groups; however,
      adult size and fecundity did not differ significantly.

PMID- 3880264
TI  - Efficacy of flowable concentrate formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var.
      israelensis against black flies (Diptera:Simuliidae).
AB  - Seven flowable concentrate formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis (H-14), Teknar
      wdc, auto-dispersible Teknar, Teknar 2X aqueous concentrate, Teknar 2X oil base
      concentrate, Vectobac AS, Bactimos FC and Skeetal F, were evaluated in small
      streams against Simulium vittatum. There was no significant difference in
      efficacy among the formulations with the exception of the Teknar 2X aqueous
      concentrate, which required considerably less formulation (5 mg/liter/1 min) than
      the others to produce 95% mortality in penultimate instars of S. vittatum. The
      field determined LC-95 for the other formulations ranged from 10.6 to 15.9
      mg/liter/1 min. There was no significant difference between the efficacy of
      excessively diluted and undiluted formulations.

PMID- 3880265
TI  - The efficiency of various collection techniques for sampling Culex annulirostris
      in southeastern Australia.
AB  - Dry-ice (CO2) baited EVS (Encephalitis Virus Surveillance) light traps collected
      significantly more Culex annulirostris than unbaited EVS or CDC light traps,
      chicken-, guinea pig- and rabbit-baited EVS traps, or cubic foot resting boxes.
      Results from the animal-baited traps indicated a preference for bird versus
      mammal bait. Females sampled by the resting boxes had significantly lower parity
      rates than females sampled by dry-ice baited EVS traps. Parity rates were
      generally similar among females sampled by dry-ice baited EVS traps, unbaited CDC
      light traps and animal baited EVS light traps.

PMID- 3880266
TI  - Feeding rate of larval Aedes vexans stimulated by food substances.
AB  - Feeding rates of fourth instar larvae of Aedes vexans were compared by counting
      substrate filled gut segments after exposure to food or inert particles. Food
      particles (wheat flour, fishmeal or yeast) were ingested approximately 3 times
      faster than inert particles (kaolin, pumice or synthetic cellulose). Aqueous
      fishmeal extract accelerated ingestion of inert particles to the level of
      ingestion of food particles, demonstrating gustatory stimulation of larvae.
      Absolute amounts of ingested materials were calculated on the basis of dry
      weights of guts completely filled with test substrates. At 21 degrees C, 46-74
      micrograms of food particles, and 15-33 micrograms of inert particles were
      ingested per larva during 10 min of exposure. In the subsequent time span,
      ingestion rates of food particles decreased continuously with satiation of
      larvae.

PMID- 3880267
TI  - Comparative susceptibilities of Anopheles quadrimaculatus mutants to Plasmodium
      yoelii.
AB  - Four homozygous mutant stocks and a wild-type stock (ORLANDO) of Anopheles
      quadrimaculatus were compared for susceptibility to Plasmodium yoelii. The mutant
      stocks, rose eye (ro) and red stripe (strd), had the same level of susceptibility
      as the control stock (ORLANDO), but Q2 (homozygous for brown body and nonstripe)
      and rose eye Q2 (roQ2), were significantly less susceptible. Body size of the
      adult mosquitoes had no effect on susceptibility.

PMID- 3880268
TI  - The distribution of Amblyospora (Microspora) sp.-infected oenocytes in adult
      female Culex salinarius: significance for mechanism of transovarial transmission.

PMID- 3880269
TI  - Technique for volumetrically measuring eggs of Culex quinquefasciatus.

PMID- 3880270
TI  - A field trial of expanded polystyrene balls for the control of Culex mosquitoes
      breeding in pit latrines.

PMID- 3880271
TI  - Mosquitofish Gambusia affinis holbrooki as a malaria vector control agent in
      Gezira irrigation canals of the Sudan.

PMID- 3880272
TI  - Oviposition behavior of Aedes triseriatus and Aedes hendersoni on the Delmarva
      Peninsula.

PMID- 3880273
TI  - Depth of oviposition by Romanomermis culicivorax (Nematoda: Mermithidae) in
      Louisiana riceland soils.

PMID- 3880274
TI  - The effect of different methods of oviposition inducement on egg fertility rates
      in a Simulium damnosum Theobald complex species (Diptera: Simuliidae).

PMID- 3880275
TI  - Maintenance of Anopheles albimanus on frozen blood.

PMID- 3880276
TI  - The effect of nitrone spin trapping agents on red cell glucose metabolism.
AB  - The nitrone spin trapping agents, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide and N-t-butyl
      alpha-phenyl-nitrone, affect the metabolism of glucose by red cells. Both nitrone
      spin trapping agents have a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the metabolism of
      glucose via the hexose monophosphate pathway. The formation of lactate and
      pyruvate via the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway in red cells is not significantly
      affected by treatment with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide, whereas, treatment
      with N-t-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone supresses pyruvate and stimulates lactate
      formation. These results suggest that nitrone spin trapping agents inhibit the
      hexose monophosphate pathway in red cells. Since the stimulation of the flux of
      glucose oxidised via this pathway is thought to be important in the ability of
      red cells to respond to oxidative stress, the treatment of red cells with spin
      trapping agents appears to inhibit the cellular protective (antioxidant)
      response. The use of nitrone spin trapping agents in the study of red cells under
      oxidative stress (imposed by the spontaneous autoxidation of metabolites or by
      drug-induced processes) is predicted to exaggerate the degree of oxidative damage
      by virtue of the inhibitory effort of nitrone spin traps on the hexose
      monophosphate shunt.

PMID- 3880277
TI  - Formation of antibodies to native DNA in rats after administration of native DNA
      treated with the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system.
AB  - The injection of native (double-stranded) deoxyribonucleic acid treated with the
      xanthine-xanthine oxidase system and emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant
      into rats over a prolonged period of time induces the formation of antibodies to
      double-stranded DNA. The titer of antibodies was determined by an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sera from treated animals. Control experiments
      using untreated native DNA or phosphate buffered saline likewise emulsified with
      Freund's Adjuvant showed only insignificant increases in titers of the antibody.

PMID- 3880278
TI  - Effect of lipid peroxidation on the accessibility of dansyl chloride labeling to
      lipids and proteins of bovine myelin.
AB  - In our previous studies we have demonstrated that bovine myelin appears highly
      susceptible to oxidative damage to both its lipid and protein composition. In
      order to determine whether these alterations would affect the accessibility of
      myelin components to a fluorescent probe, we have performed various labeling
      experiments using dansyl chloride. Results from labeling of purified bovine
      myelin treated with or without cumene hydroperoxide show that basic protein from
      treated myelin incorporated more dansyl chloride than basic protein from
      untreated myelin. This increase of labeling could be prevented by the addition of
      the antioxidant agent, butylated hydroxytoluene. This evidence suggest that lipid
      peroxidation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory
      demyelinating diseases.

PMID- 3880279
TI  - Effect of liposomal-encapsulated superoxide dismutase on active oxygen-related
      human disorders. A preliminary study.
AB  - Liposomal-encapsulated superoxide dismutase was clinically applied to patient
      showing an increase in neutrophil active oxygen generation, and those with
      diseases such as severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Crohn's disease and
      progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) in which presence of a plasmatic clastogenic
      factor has been demonstrated. Liposomal SOD injection (2.5 mg twice a week)
      resulted in marked remission in 12 out of 16 patients with active Behcet's
      disease. The drug was impressively effective on patients with intestinal Behcet.
      Remission rates in the other diseases was 7 out of 8 mucocutaneous lymphnode
      syndrome (MCLS, Kawasaki disease) 3 out of 5 dermatitis herpetiformis, IgA linear
      bullous dermatosis or severe cement dermatitis, 4 out of 9 active and severe RA,
      3 out of 3 PSS, 4 out of 4 Crohn's disease, 3 out of 4 colitis ulcerosa, and 2
      out of 2 unresponsive (hemolytic) anemia. To be emphasized was that three severe
      active RA patients and two terminal-stage PSS patients with dyspnea due to lung
      fibrosis showed dramatic improvement after administration of liposomal SOD. In
      addition, in 13 out of 15 malignant neo plastic patients including cancer,
      malignant lymphoma and leucemia who were receiving radiotherapy (total dose, more
      than 4000 rads) and chemotherapy including anthracycline analogs (total over 450
      mg/m2) and bleomycin, the drug also prevented the appearance of myocardiac injury
      and fibrosis, sometimes seen as a consequence of chemotherapy. Liposomal SOD,
      which shows no toxicity, has various advantages compared to free SOD
      preparations, and is highly and broadly applicable to various clinical disorders.

PMID- 3880280
TI  - [The value of dimethylaminophenol (DMAP) in treatment of cyanhydride poisoning:
      experimental study].

PMID- 3880281
TI  - [The effects of irradiated wheat flour on C57bl mice. III. Effect on hepatic and
      pancreatic enzymes].

PMID- 3880282
TI  - [Hepatitis following acute intoxication with maprotiline (Ludiomil)].

PMID- 3880283
TI  - [Fatal intoxication with indalpine].

PMID- 3880284
TI  - [Study of a determinate product: drain cleaners].

PMID- 3880285
TI  - [Thermal degradation of dibutyltin fluoride (DBTF) and pulmonary toxicity of
      combustion products in the rat and guinea pig. 2. Acute and subacute toxicity of
      effluent gases issuing from the thermolysis of DBTF].

PMID- 3880286
TI  - [Concerning two cases of poisoning by metallic mercury (PBIV)].

PMID- 3880287
TI  - [A case of hallucination from methylphenidate in an 8-year-old hyperkinetic boy].

PMID- 3880288
TI  - [Chloramphenicol reduction and hypoxanthine oxidation with xanthine oxidase in an
      anaerobic environment].

PMID- 3880289
TI  - [Nephrotoxicity of sodium fluoride. Effect of aluminum sulfate].

PMID- 3880290
TI  - [The distribution of cadmium in chick embryo after contamination by immersing the
      eggs in a cadmium solution].

PMID- 3880291
TI  - Altered testicular enzyme patterns in rats after long-term exposure to thallium
      sulphate.

PMID- 3880292
TI  - [Amineptine hepatitis, a review of the literature apropos of two observations].

PMID- 3880293
TI  - Psychological sequelae to carbon monoxide poisoning in the child.

PMID- 3880294
TI  - [Liver metabolism of meprobamate: clinical estimation in acute intoxication].

PMID- 3880295
TI  - [Effect of the so-called fat-rich diet in acute viral hepatitis (VH) and chronic
      hepatopathies on changes in lipid indicators].

PMID- 3880296
TI  - [Effect of antihypertensive treatment on the secretion of corticotropin,
      prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol].

PMID- 3880297
TI  - [Occurrence of thyroid anti-microsomal antibodies in thyroid diseases and in
      healthy persons].

PMID- 3880298
TI  - [Effect of metoclopramide and acth on aldosterone secretion in patients with
      insufficiency of the anterior pituitary gland].

PMID- 3880299
TI  - [Analysis of clinical symptoms and various morphologic changes in patients dying
      of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP)].

PMID- 3880301
TI  - [Non-invasive methods of diagnosis of coronary disease].

PMID- 3880300
TI  - [The role of phagocytes in diseases of the digestive system].

PMID- 3880302
TI  - [Effect of sodium nitroprusside, furosemide and dopamine on the efficiency of
      peritoneal dialysis].

PMID- 3880304
TI  - [Comparative study of intercanine and intermolar distances in Baume type I and
      type II arches, from 3 to 5 years of age].

PMID- 3880303
TI  - [Effect of changes in the temperature of dialysis fluid on the efficiency of
      peritoneal dialysis].

PMID- 3880305
TI  - [Prevalence of different types of upper labial frenum in the deciduous
      dentition].

PMID- 3880306
TI  - [Anatomical study of intraoral block anesthesia of the maxillary nerve in
      adults].

PMID- 3880307
TI  - [Mycoplasma as a component of the normal microbiota in the human oral cavity].

PMID- 3880308
TI  - [Conditions influencing X-ray equipment use and radiation protection methods by
      dentists in the city of Sao Paulo].

PMID- 3880309
TI  - Mast cells in histoid lepromatous lesions.
AB  - Ten patients with histoid lesions among the lepromatous leprosy cases, of both
      sexes in the age group of 35-65 years, were included in this study. Skin biopsy
      from the nodule with surrounding healthy skin of histoid lesion was taken. The
      biopsies were fixed in Susa solution and processed for light microscopy. 5-7 mu
      thick sections were cut and stained with haematoxylin and eosin, Toluidine blue
      and Fite Faraco. Observations were made on the dermis to locate the mast cells
      and bacilli. Proliferation of mast cells and their degranulation were seen in the
      histoid nodule as compared to surrounding normal healthy skin where the cells
      were mainly intact. The study further investigates the role of mast cells in the
      histopathogenesis of the disease.

PMID- 3880310
TI  - [Fernandez and Mitsuda reactions in patients with leprosy and their contacts].
AB  - Hanseniasis patients and contacts of Virchowian patients, totaling 467 persons
      have been submitted to Mitsuda's reaction. These individuals have been divided
      into five groups: group 1 compounded of 59 persons, relatives of Virchowian
      patients; group 2 - 171 persons, employees of the Hospital Lauro de Souza Lima
      working there for more than one year; group 3 - 127 hanseniasis patients in
      activity, Mitsuda negative; group 4 - 63 hanseniasis patients in activity,
      Mitsuda positive; group 5 - 47 Virchowian patients, inactive, Mitsuda negative.
      The analysis of the data showed that: a) hanseniasis patients, both Mitsuda
      positive and negative, do not present positivity to Fernandez's reaction; b)
      early reaction can be observed more frequently in individuals of group 1 than in
      those of group 2. Mitsuda's antigen causes the reversal of Fernandez's reaction
      in about 30% of indirect contacts; c) the percentage of negative Mitsuda's
      reactions (without induration) does not differ between groups 1 and 2, though
      indurations smaller than 5 mm have been as many as 10 times more frequent in
      individuals of group 1. A second application of the antigen in Mitsuda negative
      persons showed the reversal of the test in 100% of the tested subjects.

PMID- 3880311
TI  - Five years of hanseniasis control activities in the Cape Verde Islands based on
      the OMSLEP system.
AB  - After some general information about the use of the OMSLEP System in the National
      Hanseniasis Control Program of the Republic of Cape Verde the author presents
      some operational and epidemiological indices produced by the System, adding a
      short evaluation of the Program and of the use of the System.

PMID- 3880312
TI  - [Rubino's reaction].
AB  - Some aspects related to the Rubino's reaction are commented, viewing both a
      better identification of the involved elements and the arousing of the
      investigators interest for this test. The following aspects are discussed: 1) the
      influence of temperature upon the elements of the reaction; 2) Correlation
      between Rubino's reaction and: a) humoral alterations observed in leprosy; b)
      cell mediated immunity; 3) variations of the serologic reactivity; 4) prognosis
      value and healing criterion.

PMID- 3880313
TI  - [General aspects of Hansen's disease in the municipality of Crato, Ceara 1981
      1983].
AB  - The authors have studied 270 Hansen's disease patients diagnosed and registered
      at the Neurologic and Dermatologic Sanitary Unit, in Crato, Ceara, from June,
      1981 till August, 1983. This work presents an analysis of the aspects of the
      endemy, with percentual and absolute values and compares them with the consulted
      data. Finally the authors emphasize the disease's morbidity and characterize it
      as a serious and present problem of public health in Crato, Ceara.

PMID- 3880314
TI  - [How to prevent Hansen's disease].
AB  - The author indicates as the best measures regarding the prophylaxie of
      hanseniasis a) The active involvement of the patients as well as those in
      immediate contact in the struggle against the disease. They should be put on the
      alert for the discovery of new cases and their indication to a specialist. b) The
      unrestricted sale of sulfone in order to give to the patients, easer access to
      that drug. c) The creation of an Institute of Scientific Research for the study
      of hanseniasis. d) The raising of fundi through government or private (tax
      deductible), contributions of national and international institutions.

PMID- 3880315
TI  - [Hereditary transmission].

PMID- 3880316
TI  - [Current trends in the treatment of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3880317
TI  - [Polycardiographic evaluation of left-ventricular function in patients with
      diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3880318
TI  - [Endoscopic papillotomy in the treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis].

PMID- 3880319
TI  - [Direct measurement of the sinoatrial node conduction time; verification of
      indirect methods].

PMID- 3880320
TI  - [Effect of eating and mazindol on the pain threshold in obese and lean persons].

PMID- 3880321
TI  - Calcinosis of the myocardium in chronic haemodialysed patients.

PMID- 3880323
TI  - Computers.

PMID- 3880322
TI  - The family, the patient, and the psychiatric hospital: toward a new model. Group
      for the Advancement of Psychiatry.

PMID- 3880324
TI  - PEGASE: a machine language program for DNA sequence analysis on Apple II
      microcomputer using a binary coding of nucleotides.
AB  - The core of a 6502 machine language program for DNA sequence analysis on Apple II
      microcomputer is described. Use of a binary coding of nucleotides allows
      interactive data manipulation on a low-cost configuration with execution times
      similar to those of larger computers. The PEGASE system should prove useful and
      easy to use in routine sequence handling and experiment design.

PMID- 3880325
TI  - SEQ-ED: an interactive computer program for editing, analysis and storage of long
      DNA sequences.
AB  - The rapidly growing body of sequenced DNA demands efficient computer programs for
      its analysis and storage. The program described in this paper, SEQ-ED, has been
      designed to handle a large number of DNA sequences up to 200 kilobases [kb] long
      stored in a sequence library. In order to minimize the required storage space,
      the sequences are stored in a compressed format using three binary digits per
      base. In the development of this program, special care has been given to make it
      easy to use for molecular biologists without any previous computer experience.

PMID- 3880326
TI  - A microcomputer network for biochemistry.

PMID- 3880327
TI  - A fast DNA sequence handling program for Apple II computer in BASIC and 6502
      assembler.
AB  - A fast general purpose DNA handling program has been developed in BASIC and
      machine language. The program runs on the Apple II plus or on the Apple IIe
      microcomputer, without additional hardware except for disk drives and printer.
      The program allows file insertion and editing, translation into protein sequence,
      reverse translation, search for small strings and restriction enzyme sites. The
      homology may be shown either as a comparison of two sequences or through a matrix
      on screen. Two additional features are: (i) drawing restriction site maps on the
      printer; and (ii) simulating a gel electrophoresis of restriction fragments both
      on screen and on paper. All the operations are very fast. The more common tasks
      are carried out almost instantly; only more complex routines, like finding
      homology between large sequences or searching and sorting all the restriction
      sites in a long sequence require longer, but still quite acceptable, times
      (generally under 30 s).

PMID- 3880328
TI  - An approach to the collection and manipulation of time-based data using the IBM
      PC and BASICA.
AB  - With the advent of increasingly integrated, powerful and inexpensive digital
      electronics, relatively powerful computers have become available to the general
      public. Along with this technological boom there has been a concomitant increase
      in the availability of over-the-counter software packages which can be used by
      research scientists for program development. In the past, the development of
      computer programs for the collection of large amounts of time-based data was
      expensive and time consuming; however, the introduction of the current generation
      of 16-bit microcomputers and associated hardware and software packages has
      enabled investigators with only a rudimentary knowledge of computers and
      interfacing to begin to design programs. The schemes and algorithms, developed
      using BASICA on an IBM-Personal Computer, which are described in this article can
      serve other investigators as models for the assembly of their own programs for
      the collection, manipulation and plotting of time-based data. The incorporation
      of inexpensive computer graphics hardware and software, which provided a simple
      solution to the problem of analysis and presentation of large amounts of data,
      will also be discussed.

PMID- 3880329
TI  - Computing in the biological sciences--a survey.

PMID- 3880330
TI  - Microcomputer tools for steady-state enzyme kinetics.
AB  - Three programs useful for the investigation of steady-state kinetics have been
      developed. Two provide the solution to the steady-state rate equation; the first
      of these is a straightforward implementation of the rules developed by Chou. The
      second is a very efficient procedure for evaluating King-Altman diagrams and can
      be used for quite large mechanisms. The third program provides the numeric
      solution for a specific mechanism and set of initial conditions; it is well
      suited to extremely large models.

PMID- 3880332
TI  - Software.

PMID- 3880331
TI  - A general purpose non-linear curve fitting program for the British Broadcasting
      Corporation Microcomputer.
AB  - Software for non-linear curve fitting has been written in BASIC to execute on the
      British Broadcasting Corporation Microcomputer. The program uses the direct
      search algorithm Pattern-search, a robust algorithm that has the additional
      advantage of needing specification of the function without inclusion of the
      partial derivatives. Although less efficient than gradient methods, the program
      can be readily configured to solve low-dimensional optimization problems that are
      normally encountered in life sciences. In writing the software, emphasis has been
      placed upon the 'user interface' and making the most efficient use of the
      facilities provided by the minimal configuration of this system.

PMID- 3880333
TI  - The electronic spreadsheet as a general-purpose programming tool.
AB  - Electronic spreadsheets computerise the traditional layout of any tabulation or
      complex calculation done with pencil, paper and calculator. They therefore have
      great potential in aiding routine calculations which might be done by these means
      or with a small BASIC computer program. Their simple structure and strong
      affinity with traditional methods make them particularly suitable for those who
      have not yet mastered the art of programming. However, a necessarily brief review
      of their application to science and technology demonstrates that this potential
      is not being realised in comparison with their wide-spread usage in the business
      world. The application of both Multiplan and Visicalc running respectively on the
      Macintosh and the Apple IIe microcomputers in four types of calculation is
      demonstrated: tabulation, curve-fitting and statistics, simulation, and numerical
      approximation. Advantages are found in the concurrent display of data and
      results, the ease of correction or modification of data and the escape from
      traditional linear programming methods. The spreadsheet format imposes its own
      constraints. It is not so flexible as BASIC, it demands more memory and may have
      a slower execution time than a program written in a high-level language, and it
      is more difficult to produce graphical output.

PMID- 3880334
TI  - Nonlinear regression on a microcomputer: which program?
AB  - Eleven published programs for performing nonlinear regression using a
      microcomputer have been reviewed. They have been assessed according to many
      criteria, especially: application, program language, algorithm used, method for
      calculating partial differentials, facility for weighting, desirable input and
      output features, robustness during execution, memory requirements, accessability,
      ease of implementation and evaluation and testing. No one program contains all
      the desirable characteristics discussed, but guidance is given as to which might
      be the most suitable for a particular purpose or for a given microcomputer
      system.

PMID- 3880335
TI  - Optimal alignments of biological sequences on a microcomputer.
AB  - An algorithm and a program have been developed which enable optimal alignments of
      biological sequences on an 8-bit microcomputer. The compiled program can process
      sequences up to 1000 residues on a Commodore 64. Since this program was written
      originally in the BASIC language, it may readily be adapted to other
      microcomputers with small changes.

PMID- 3880336
TI  - Assessing the biological significance of primary structure consensus patterns
      using sequence databanks. I. Heat-shock and glucocorticoid control elements in
      eukaryotic promoters.
AB  - We describe FORTRAN 77 software allowing for convenient searching of any
      segmented and ambiguous pattern in the currently available protein or nucleotide
      sequence databanks. For proteins, this software can be instrumental in defining
      conserved functional domains among non-homologous overall primary structures. For
      nucleic acids, it is used in detecting complex and/or low consensus structural or
      regulatory patterns. As first applications we have studied the distribution of
      short consensus sequences believed to characterize heat-shock and glucocorticoid
      regulated promoters. This analysis allowed an evaluation of the specificity,
      probable role and thus biological significance of various regions of these
      consensus. In addition, the expression of several known genes are predicted to be
      heat-shock or glucocorticoid sensitive.

PMID- 3880337
TI  - Commercial software and the biomedical scientist.

PMID- 3880338
TI  - The IBM-PC network: a review of the network and associated programs.

PMID- 3880339
TI  - A microcomputer program for the identification of tRNA genes.
AB  - A microcomputer program which locates tRNA genes within long DNA sequences is
      described. The search is performed either by identifying tRNA-like secondary
      structures or by locating eukaryotic RNA polymerase III promoter consensus
      sequences. The program is also useful in finding inverted repeats allowing the
      formation of stem-loop secondary structures in tRNA. The program has been
      developed in BASIC and 6502 Assembler and runs on the Apple II plus and IIe
      microcomputers. The execution is quite fast; all the operations are carried out
      in 1-90 s, depending on the required task and on the sequence length.

PMID- 3880340
TI  - An exhaustive tree-searching algorithm for high-resolution computer-assisted
      nucleotide sequence analysis.
AB  - A new computer search strategy has been devised for high-resolution nucleotide
      sequence analysis. The strategy differs from those used by earlier sequence
      analysing programs in that it is exhaustive and capable of detecting all possible
      homologies and other types of relationships between or within sequences
      irrespective of the pattern of matches and mismatches encountered. The
      implementation of this strategy into a working algorithm is described.

PMID- 3880341
TI  - ACNUC--a portable retrieval system for nucleic acid sequence databases: logical
      and physical designs and usage.
AB  - ACNUC is a database structure and retrieval software for use with either the
      GenBank or EMBL nucleic acid sequence data collections. The nucleotide and
      textual data furnished by both collections are each restructured into a database
      that allows sequence retrieval on a multi-criterion basis. The main selection
      criteria are: species (or higher order taxon), keyword, reference, journal,
      author, and organelle; all logical combinations of these criteria can be used.
      Direct access to sequence regions that code for a specific product (protein, tRNA
      or rRNA) is provided. A versatile extraction procedure copies selected sequences,
      or fragments of them, from the database to user files suitable to be analysed by
      user-supplied application programs. A detailed help mechanism is provided to aid
      the user at any time during the retrieval session. All software has been written
      in FORTRAN 77 which guarantees a high degree of transportability to minicomputers
      or mainframes.

PMID- 3880342
TI  - A microcomputer program for comparison and alignment of DNA sequence gel
      readings.
AB  - During the course of determining the sequence of a large DNA fragment, it is
      necessary to cross-check numerous gel readings from different DNA fragments, in
      order to track and eliminate mistakes. An algorithm is presented that takes
      advantage of the high degree of homology between such sequences to construct an
      alignment of the matching regions. It does not require knowledge of a starting
      homology zone, neither large memory areas, even for sequences of several
      kilobases, and it can overcome large gaps or mismatch zones that correspond for
      instance to misinterpretation of compressions on sequence gels. This algorithm
      has been implemented in 6502 assembly language on an Apple II computer as an
      extension to the PEGASE sequence handling system.

PMID- 3880343
TI  - MOLECULAR DESIGNER: an interactive program for the display of protein structure
      on the IBM-PC.
AB  - A BASIC interactive graphics program has been developed for the IBM-PC which
      utilizes the graphics capabilities of that computer to display and manipulate
      protein structure from coordinates. Structures may be generated from typed files,
      or from Brookhaven National Laboratories' Protein Data Bank data tapes. Once
      displayed, images may be rotated, translated and expanded to any desired size.
      Figures may be viewed as ball-and-stick or space-filling models. Calculated
      multiple-point perspective may also be added to the display. Docking
      manipulations are possible since more than a single figure may be displayed and
      manipulated simultaneously. Further, stereo images and red/blue three-dimensional
      images may be generated using the accompanying DESIPLOT program and an HP-7475A
      plotter. A version of the program is also currently available for the Apple
      Macintosh. Full implementation on the Macintosh requires 512 K and at least one
      disk drive. Otherwise this version is essentially identical to the IBM-PC version
      described herein.

PMID- 3880344
TI  - Data transfer from Beckman LS 5800 liquid scintillation counters to IBM personal
      computers.
AB  - This communication describes a short routine in BASICA for the IBM-PC, written to
      collect data from a Beckman liquid scintillation counter. In the form presented
      here the routine converts incoming bytes into separate lines and saves these
      lines in a file. There are many possible applications for further use of the data
      in these files. A few suggestions are given as to the format in which data can be
      stored and how to process these data automatically after all samples have been
      counted. The only hardware needed is an asynchronous communications adapter for
      the IBM-PC and an RS232 cable.

PMID- 3880345
TI  - The GenBank nucleic acid sequence database.
AB  - The GenBank nucleic acid sequence database is a computer-based collection of all
      published DNA and RNA sequences; it contains over five million bases in close to
      six thousand sequence entries drawn from four thousand five hundred published
      articles. Each sequence is accompanied by relevant biological annotation. The
      database is available either on magnetic tape, on floppy diskettes, on-line or in
      hardcopy form. We discuss the structure of the database, the extent of the data
      and the implications of the database for research on nucleic acids.

PMID- 3880346
TI  - The SEQANAL and SEQTALK programs: a new method of access to high-resolution
      nucleotide sequence comparison and analysis programs from a remote laboratory
      mini- or microcomputer.
AB  - A new method of access has been devised for biologists requiring the use of
      computer programs offering high-resolution analysis and comparison of nucleotide
      sequence data. The strategy involves the development of a pair of computer
      programs, called SEQANAL and SEQTALK, designed to operate in tandem. SEQANAL is a
      large and complex program intended to be used to discover regions of internal
      repeats and dyad symmetries within one sequence, or regions of homology,
      complementarity or optimal alignment between two sequences. Three algorithms are
      supported: those of Staden (1977, 1978); of Korn et al. (1977); Queen and Korn
      (1980); and the newly-described exhaustive tree-searching algorithm of Burnett et
      al. (1985, 1986). The SEQTALK program is a small, portable, interactive, front
      end program with which the user can specify the instructions to control the
      SEQANAL program. Together, the SEQANAL and SEQTALK programs permit analyses to be
      performed at a remote facility on a mainframe computer under the complete control
      of a distant user equipped with minimal computing facilities, and without needing
      networking facilities.

PMID- 3880347
TI  - The use of microcomputers for the quantitation of light intensity patterns using
      digitized video signals.
AB  - We have developed an inexpensive yet versatile microcomputer-based system for
      quantitating light intensity levels in autoradiographs. This system employs a
      standard video camera interfaced to an analog-to-digital convertor. A program has
      been written for this system which can measure intensities within a defined
      region of an autoradiograph, permitting an easy and accurate quantitation of
      spots or bands of irregular shape.

PMID- 3880348
TI  - VTUTIN: a full screen gel management editor.
AB  - Large DNA sequences are now routinely sequenced by the cloning of randomly
      generated fragments into single-stranded DNA phage vectors (the 'shotgun'
      method). Various programs exist for computerized assembly of such fragments,
      including the phases of data entry, homology searching and gel
      management/editing. Many gel-management editors are rudimentary in nature, using
      either line-editing techniques or using unnatural displays or command systems.
      Others are available only on restricted types of computer system. The program
      VTUTIN makes full screen editing along the lines of modern text editors available
      for the complex data type of sets of sequence gels and their consensus. Not only
      are the data displayed on the VDU screen in a natural manner, but VTUTIN has also
      been written to model the command system of a well-established text editor (PDP
      11 KED or VAX/VMS EDT) to simplify editor use and learning. VTUTIN has been
      written in Pascal in a modular form so that wide-spread portability is
      facilitated. VTUTIN is currently implemented to work on VT-100 type terminals
      although the modularity of the code should allow straightforward conversion for
      other terminal types and should also permit simple alteration to model any other
      text editor.

PMID- 3880349
TI  - An evaluation of variables influencing implant fixation by direct bone
      apposition.
AB  - A systematic mechanical and histologic evaluation of design variables affecting
      bone apposition to various biocompatible materials was undertaken. The variables
      investigated included material elastic modulus, material surface texture, as well
      as material surface composition. The implant materials included
      polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), low-temperature isotropic (LTI) pyrolytic carbon,
      commercially pure (C.P.) titanium, and aluminum oxide (Al2O3). Implant surface
      texture was varied by either polishing or grit-blasting the various materials.
      Implant surface composition was varied by applying a coating of ultra-low
      temperature isotropic (ULTI) pyrolytic carbon to the various implants. A total of
      12 types of implants were evaluated in vivo by placement transcortically in the
      femora of adult mongrel dogs for a period of 32 weeks. Following sacrifice,
      mechanical push-out testing was performed to determine interface shear strength
      and interface shear stiffness. The results obtained from mechanical testing
      indicate that for implants fixed by direct bone apposition, interface stiffness
      and interface shear strength are not significantly affected by either implant
      elastic modulus or implant surface composition. Varying surface texture, however,
      significantly affected the interface response to the implants. For each elastic
      modulus group the roughened surfaced implants exhibited greater strengths than
      the corresponding smooth surfaced implants. Undecalcified histologic evaluation
      of the implants demonstrated that the roughened implants exhibited direct bone
      apposition, whereas the smooth implants exhibited various degrees of fibrous
      tissue encasement. Thus, for implants utilizing direct bone apposition fixation,
      it appears that of the parameters investigated, implant surface texture is the
      most significant.

PMID- 3880350
TI  - Characterization of morphologic and mechanical properties of surgical mesh
      fabrics.
AB  - The objective of this study is to use standard testing methods to characterize
      the currently available synthetic mesh fabrics in terms of their chemical,
      physical, mechanical, and morphologic properties. Three commonly used surgical
      mesh fabrics, Mersilene (Ethicon), Marlex (Davol), and Teflon (USCI), were used,
      and the tests reveal that they differ from one another chemically as well as
      configurationally. The experiment included an identification of the structure of
      the yarn and fabrics; a measurement of the porosity, pore size and shape; and a
      determination of tensile and bursting strength, flexural rigidity, and wrinkle
      recovery. A wide variation in structure and performance was observed among the
      three mesh fabrics. Mersilene mesh fabrics have the highest relative porosity,
      while Marlex and Teflon meshes have an equivalent, but lower value. Marlex meshes
      have the highest tensile and bursting strength followed by Teflon and Mersilene
      meshes. All three meshes have one common strength characteristic--a distinctive
      difference in tensile strength between the wale and course directions. Marlex
      mesh fabrics exhibit an immense flexural rigidity and poor wrinkle recovery, due
      mainly to the monofilament structure of the yarn. Mersilene and Teflon mesh
      fabrics have similar but considerably lower, flexural rigidity than Marlex. Thus,
      it is evident that the chemical nature of the constituent fibers, as well as the
      yarn and fabric structure, have a great effect on the performance of the
      resulting mesh fabrics. The availability of this characterization data can serve
      as the basis for a surgeon's selection of the most appropriate commercial
      surgical mesh fabric for each case, as well as to provide a foundation for the
      subsequent comparison of their in vivo performance.

PMID- 3880351
TI  - Effect of palladium on sulfide tarnishing of noble metal alloys.
AB  - Electron spectroscopic studies of Au-Ag-Cu alloys of the type used for dental
      castings show that small additions (less than or equal to 3 wt%) of palladium
      reduce essentially the thickness of the sulfide layer formed on surfaces of
      samples treated in aqueous Na2S solutions. Relative to silver, palladium does not
      enrich in the sulfide, but statistically significant enrichment is found
      immediately below the sulfide layer. This enrichment probably takes place during
      the exposure of the substrate surface to atmosphere before the sulfiding
      treatment. The mechanism of the impeding effect of palladium on sulfiding is
      assumed to be a decrease in diffusion from the bulk alloy to the surface due to
      the enriched layer. The effect cannot be explained by changes in the electronic
      structure of the alloy due to palladium alloying.

PMID- 3880352
TI  - Magnetically controlled release systems: effect of polymer composition.

PMID- 3880353
TI  - Bioerodible polyanhydrides as drug-carrier matrices. I: Characterization,
      degradation, and release characteristics.
AB  - Polyanhydrides based on a variety of aromatic and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids
      were developed as bioerodible carrier matrices for controlled delivery
      applications. The high hydrolytic reactivity of the anhydride linkage provides an
      intrinsic advantage over other classes of bioerodible polymers in versatility and
      control of degradation rates. For example, using the poly[bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)
      alkane anhydrides] as models, polymers with degradation rates in the range of 10(
      1) to 10(-4) mg/h/cm2 were obtained by changing the alkane from a methyl to a
      hexyl group. The polymers were characterized by infrared (IR), differential
      scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, and scanning electron
      microscopy (SEM). Near zero-order degradation kinetics were observed for the
      hydrophobic polyanhydrides over several months. The drug release profile of the
      model drug p-nitroaniline followed closely that of the degradation of injection
      molded poly[bis(p-carboxyphenoxy) propane anhydride] over a period of more than 8
      months. Close correlation of polymer degradation and drug release was also
      observed in other injection-molded samples (10% loading), suggesting a release
      mechanism that was dominantly degradation controlled. Degradation of these
      polyanhydrides was pH sensitive, being enhanced in high pH, and became more
      stable in acidic conditions.

PMID- 3880354
TI  - Determination of residual stresses in denture base polymers using the layer
      removal technique.
AB  - In order to study the influence of residual stresses on dimensional accuracy and
      mechanical properties of denture bases, an experimental model was devised for
      measurement of residual stresses in acrylic denture base polymers. Rectangular
      bar coupons were cut from resin plates heat processed by conventional dental
      methods. They included samples which had been slow and fast cooled after
      polymerization and had been stored in dry and wet environments. Uniaxial residual
      stress distributions for each coupon were disclosed by removing layers of known
      thicknesses and measuring the ensuing deflection of the specimens. Coupons of a
      commercial acrylic resin were annealed and used as controls. ANOVA and Scheffe's
      test were used to compare experimental conditions at the 95% confidence level.
      Dry specimens exhibited residual surface compressive stresses from 0.43-0.83 MPa
      (62-120 psi). Water-stored specimens showed higher stress levels, 2.86-3.24 MPa
      (414-470 psi). Slow cooled pigmented acrylic coupons which were dry showed higher
      residual stresses compared with other dry but nonpigmented specimens. No
      significant differences were found between pigmented or clear coupons which
      contained moisture.

PMID- 3880355
TI  - Light microscopic observations on cat Renshaw cells after intracellular staining
      with horseradish peroxidase. I. The axonal systems.
AB  - Five intracellularly HRP-stained Renshaw cells were subjected to light
      microscopic analysis of the trajectories, branching patterns, and projections of
      the axonal systems. The cell bodies were located ventrally in lamina VII. In
      three neurons the axon originated from the cell body and in the remaining two
      cells from a dendrite. After a 600-870-microns distance the axons entered the
      ventral funiculus, where all of them continued rostrally. Two axons also gave off
      a caudal branch in the funiculus. The diameters of the main axons varied between
      2.1 and 10.0 microns. The main axons gave off one to four first-order collaterals
      before entering the ventral funiculus and up to three collaterals could be seen
      to originate from the same node of Ranvier. In the ventral funiculus up to five
      first-order collaterals could be traced from the same main axon. The axon
      collateral trees were often very extensive and daughter branches up to the 22nd
      order were observed. The distance between two successive branching points varied
      between 4 and 410 microns. A large number of boutonlike swellings were found
      along (59%) or at the ends of the collateral branches. At the most, 1,278
      swellings originated from a single axon collateral tree. Most of the swellings
      were located in lamina IX, but they also appeared ventrally and dorsolaterally in
      lamina VII.

PMID- 3880356
TI  - Light microscopic observations on cat Renshaw cells after intracellular staining
      with horseradish peroxidase. II. The cell bodies and dendrites.
AB  - The cell bodies and dendritic trees of five lumbosacral Renshaw cells of adult
      cats were studied in the light microscope (LM) after intracellular injection with
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The cell bodies were all located in the ventral
      part of lamina VII. The dendrites extended up to 0.7 mm from the cell body into
      the neighbouring parts of laminae VIII and IX as well as into more dorsal parts
      of lamina VII. The dendritic branching was sparse and about half the dendrites
      were unbranched. The mean diameter of the cell body was positively correlated to
      both the combined and mean diameters of the first-order dendrites. Between four
      and eight dendrites originated from the cell bodies. The number of dendritic end
      branches, the combined dendritic length, the mean dendritic length from the cell
      body to the termination of the end branches, the distance from the cell body to
      the termination of the most remote end-branch, the dendritic surface area, and
      the dendritic volume all correlated positively with the diameter of the parent
      first-order dendrite. The dendritic tapering was somewhat more pronounced in the
      Renshaw cells than previously observed in alpha- and gamma-motoneurons. The
      present data are discussed in relation to previous morphological observations on
      Renshaw cells and alpha- and gamma-motoneurons.

PMID- 3880357
TI  - The avian somatosensory system. I. Primary spinal afferent input to the spinal
      cord and brainstem in the pigeon (Columba livia).
AB  - The process of transganglionic transport was used to determine the pattern of
      primary afferent projections to the spinal cord and brainstem in the pigeon by
      (1) applying horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to various peripheral nerves in the leg
      or wing, (2) by injecting HRP-lectin into feather follicles of the wing or tail,
      and (3) by injecting HRP-lectin into various muscles of the leg or wing. In the
      spinal cord major peripheral nerves were represented heavily throughout the
      dorsal horn laminae but sparsely in more ventral laminae. The representations of
      these different nerves tended to be located in different mediolateral regions of
      the dorsal horn. Cutaneous nerves and feather follicles were represented
      predominantly in laminae I and II, and different sets of follicles were
      represented in different mediolateral regions of these laminae. Afferent
      labelling from muscles of the leg and wing was located in the lateral portion of
      the dorsal horn, predominantly in laminae I, II, and IV. In the caudal medulla
      the representation of the leg within the gracile nucleus was medial to and
      separate from that of the wing within the cuneate nucleus (Cu). The wing
      representation, however, extended laterally throughout the external cuneate
      nucleus (CuE) and lateral regions of the descending trigeminal tract. There was
      less evidence of separation of the limb representations at more rostral medullary
      levels where they both occupied predominantly CuE. Afferent labelling from
      cutaneous nerves and feather follicles was distributed lightly throughout Cu and
      CuE, and from muscles of both limbs primarily throughout CuE. There was also a
      small but specific projection from the limbs to the nucleus of the solitary
      tract, and from the wing to the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus. These
      results are discussed within a comparative context with a view to highlighting
      the similarities and differences in the pattern of primary afferent central
      projections in different vertebrates.

PMID- 3880358
TI  - Colocalization of GAD-like immunoreactivity and 3H-GABA uptake in amacrine cells
      of rabbit retina.
AB  - Rabbit retinas were double labeled to determine the degree of colocalization of
      glutamic-acid-decarboxylase-like immunoreactivity (GAD-like IR) and 3H-GABA
      uptake using light (LM) and electron microscopic (EM) autoradiography. Both GAD
      like IR and 3H-GABA uptake were found in amacrine cell bodies in the inner
      nuclear layer (INL) as well as in cell bodies in the ganglion cell layer (GCL),
      and throughout the inner plexiform layer. GAD-like IR was found in 32% of the
      amacrine cells in the INL, 86% of which also showed 3H-GABA uptake; 3H-GABA
      uptake was observed in 38% of the amacrine cells. However, only 72% of these
      cells showed GAD-like IR. Labeled cells in the GCL were only 10-15% as common as
      similarly labeled cells in the INL. As in the INL, all GAD-positive cells in the
      GCL were double labeled, but only 53% of the cells taking up 3H-GABA were double
      labeled. We suggest that labeled cells in the GCL were ganglion cells rather than
      displaced amacrine cells. Cells, in both the INL and GCL, that showed 3H-GABA
      uptake but no GAD-like IR had a higher average grain density than double-labeled
      cells, indicating that uptake by these cells was specific. The relevance to
      GABAergic function of 3H-GABA uptake without an indication of GAD-like IR is yet
      to be determined. Statistical analysis at the EM level showed that one-third of
      the GAD-positive synaptic terminals of amacrine cells were double labeled after a
      4-month exposure. Longer exposures at the EM level should reveal a higher
      percentage of GAD-positive terminals because at the LM level, one-half of the
      double-labeled cell bodies were "lightly" labeled with grains. The high degree of
      colocalization of GAD-like IR and 3H-GABA uptake suggests that both markers may
      be useful for labeling GABAergic neurons in the rabbit retina.

PMID- 3880360
TI  - [Death from internal diseases].

PMID- 3880359
TI  - Plasticity of acid phosphatase (FRAP) afferent terminal fields and of dorsal horn
      cell growth in the neonatal rat.
AB  - Peripheral nerve section results in depletion of fluoride-resistant acid
      phosphatase (FRAP) from the nerve terminals in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
      (Schoenen et al., '68) and this has been used in the past to map the termination
      field of individual nerves (Rustioni et al., '71; Devor and Claman, '80). In the
      present study we show that a similar central depletion occurs following sciatic
      nerve section or crush in neonatal rats. Unlike adults, however, the area of
      depletion is rapidly filled by sprouting of FRAP-containing afferent terminals
      from nearby intact peripheral nerves. The sprouting is extensive but never
      completely fills the depleted area. After nerve crush there is some recovery of
      FRAP from the sciatic nerve terminals themselves as well as from nearby nerve
      terminals. The source of recovered FRAP is demonstrated by resectioning or
      recrushing the nerves. The sprouting occurred when the sciatic was injured on day
      1 but failed to take place when the injury was applied on or after day 10.
      Sciatic nerve section on day 1 also produces marked growth retardation of the
      ipsilateral dorsal horn gray matter that becomes more apparent as the rat
      matures. Nerve crush produces a less marked shrinkage that is slower in onset. If
      the nerve is crushed repeatedly, however, so that regeneration is prevented, the
      shrinkage is analogous to that following nerve section. No shrinkage occurs if
      the nerve is cut or crushed on day 10. The results show that separation of the
      spinal cord from its peripheral input at a critical stage in development results
      in disruption of the somatotopic organization of the C fibre afferent input to
      the dorsal horn and in slowing of growth of the dorsal horn gray matter.

PMID- 3880361
TI  - [A comparison of the sensitivity of electrocardiographic diagnostic tests and
      myocardial thallium scintigraphy in the diagnosis of coronary disease].

PMID- 3880362
TI  - [Immunostimulating action of cimetidine in patients with duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 3880363
TI  - [Effect of splenectomy on the cytotoxic activity (ADCC) of K lymphocytes].

PMID- 3880364
TI  - [Rectoscopy or rectosigmoidoscopy with a flexible fiber optic endoscope?].

PMID- 3880365
TI  - [A case of hypoglycemia originating outside the pancreas].

PMID- 3880367
TI  - [Transient dialysis-induced neutropenia].

PMID- 3880366
TI  - [Pulmonary changes in secondary hyperparathyroidism in terminal renal failure.
      Case report].

PMID- 3880368
TI  - [The effect of bezafibrate on the level of serum lipids, fatty acid lecithin
      cholesterol transferase activity and certain parameters of the fibrinolytic
      system in patients with type IIb and type IV hyperlipoproteinemia].

PMID- 3880369
TI  - [Platelet and platelet-leukocyte aggregates in the blood of patients during
      hemodialysis].

PMID- 3880370
TI  - [Participation of immediate-type allergic processes in the pathogenesis of
      gastric and duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 3880371
TI  - [Reserves of bone marrow granulocytes in patients with chronic renal failure
      treated conservatively and by dialysis procedures].

PMID- 3880372
TI  - [Effect of O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutoside (venoruton) on the adherence of
      leukocytes in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower limbs].

PMID- 3880373
TI  - [Effect of intratumor administration of Propionibacterium granulosum in patients
      with advanced breast carcinoma on the clinical course of the disease and the
      behavior of certain indices of immune resistance].

PMID- 3880374
TI  - [A trial of hydroxychloroquine administration in the treatment of exacerbated
      ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 3880375
TI  - [Evaluation of the metabolism and function of peripheral blood neutrophils in a
      patient with the lazy leukocyte syndrome].

PMID- 3880376
TI  - The maintenance of polymorphism owing to differences in developmental time and
      competition.
AB  - The effect of developmental time on the maintenance of an enzyme polymorphism is
      analyzed under the assumption that competition exists for a reproductively
      essential resource. Specifically, in laboratory vials Drosophila compete for
      oviposition and pupation sites. This system of competition serves as a prototype
      for the model with late-eclosing individuals being excluded from the reproductive
      pool. Two mating behaviors are modelled: (i) mating is with individuals from only
      the same cohort group and occurs only once, and (ii) mating is with all
      individuals that have eclosed up to that time and occurs daily. Numerical
      analyses are done on both mating structures using data from Drosophila
      mercatorum. The simulations show that mating structure and initial conditions do
      not affect the equilibrium genotype frequencies, but that slight changes in the
      level of competition can dramatically alter the equilibrium values.

PMID- 3880377
TI  - Environmental monitoring for genotoxicity: in vivo sister chromatid exchange in
      the house mouse (Mus musculus).
AB  - Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) values were determined in bone marrow cells
      isolated from mouse (Mus musculus) femurs after injections of 5-bromo-2'
      deoxyuridine (BrdU) and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FrdU). Male mice of C3H/J,
      C57BL/6J, and DBA/2 strains maintained in the laboratory gave mean SCE values of
      3.42 +/- 0.07, 3.62 +/- 0.08, and 3.97 +/- 0.13, respectively. Males obtained
      from natural populations of southwestern Ontario had a higher mean SCE value
      (6.02 +/- 0.16), as did inbred males maintained in outdoor enclosures for at
      least 3 weeks (5.07 +/- 0.22). Wild mice housed in the laboratory for 9 months or
      longer had SCE values similar to laboratory bred mice (3.46 +/- 0.05). The SCE
      values in wild-caught mice were inversely proportional (r = -0.49) to the
      distance between the sites where these animals were collected and the nearest
      major industrial center. Based on these results, SCE analysis in mice is proposed
      as a possible first-line monitoring procedure for the detection of general
      changes in environmental genotoxicity.

PMID- 3880378
TI  - Mitochondrial DNA variation in Drosophila pseudoobscura and related species in
      Pacific northwest populations.
AB  - We have analysed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from Pacific Northwest populations of
      Drosophila pseudoobscura, D. persimilis, and D. miranda using six restriction
      enzymes. We find that HpaII restriction sites are hypervariable compared to the
      other enzymes used. This hypervariability allows construction of a maximum
      parsimony map linking each mtDNA genotype. Small insertions, possibly tandem
      duplications, appear to have arisen concomitantly with, or subsequent to,
      speciation events, perhaps within the A + T rich region. Convergence of mtDNA
      genotypes is also evident. Unlike findings for other populations of these
      species, we find little evidence of mitochondrial introgression between D.
      pseudoobscura and D. persimilis, despite their ability to produce fertile hybrid
      females.

PMID- 3880379
TI  - A direct technique for the preparation of chromosomes from early equine embryos.
AB  - A technique is described for the preparation of banded chromosomes from early
      equine embryos cultured for less than 10 h in a medium containing
      bromodeoxyuridine. In addition to standard Giemsa staining and C-banding,
      chromosomes thus prepared can also be R-banded by either the RBA or the RB-FPG
      methods. This technique is rapid, repeatable, and limits cell loss, making it
      ideal for the preparation of early embryos.

PMID- 3880380
TI  - [Satellite association patterns in postpartum women and in newborn infants].
AB  - Different features of the satellite associations between the acrocentric
      chromosomes of 100 postpartum mothers, between 14 and 43 years of age, and 100
      neonates (51 males and 49 females) from Puriscal, Costa Rica, were compared (400
      cells were examined, 2 from each individual). Several types of satellite
      associations showed higher frequencies in the mothers than in the neonates. The
      associations most frequently found in the two groups were those of two
      chromosomes, followed by those of three chromosomes. The D/G ratio was 1.43 in
      the children and 1.40 in the mothers. The number of associations per cell in the
      mothers was almost twice that of the children. The mean number of acrocentric
      chromosomes per association was 2.2 in the children and 2.35 in the mothers. No
      significant difference was found between observed and expected values of D and G
      chromosomes in the two groups. Thus, the probable factors responsible for the
      increase of satellite associations in the mothers similarly influenced the two
      types of acrocentric chromosomes.

PMID- 3880381
TI  - [Changes in the electrophoretic pattern of the venom of the bushmaster (Lachesis
      muta stenophrys) stored under various conditions].
AB  - Liquid and lyophilized samples of Lachesis muta venom were stored at different
      temperatures and for different periods of time, and analyzed by polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and immunoelectrophoresis. Only slight variations were
      evident when three pools of freeze-dried venom, that had been kept at -30 degrees
      C for several months were compared with fresh venom. These results suggest that
      L. muta venom is not altered drastically when stored under these conditions.

PMID- 3880382
TI  - [The Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey (GZTS). The results of its first use
      in military aeronautics: descriptive statistics, intercorrelation matrix and
      competitive validity with the MMPI. A study on a sample of 150 student officer
      pilots of the Pozzuoli Aeronautics Academy].

PMID- 3880383
TI  - [Spontaneous acoustic otic emissions. A preliminary note].

PMID- 3880384
TI  - [Medical aspects of flight safety].

PMID- 3880385
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in leukodystrophies of childhood.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is particularly valuable in the diagnosis of
      childhood brain disorders with abnormal myelination because MRI may identify
      lesions not always seen with x-ray CT scans. We report the clinical and magnetic
      resonance findings of six children with leukodystrophy. T2 weighted (spin-echo)
      images disclosed striking asymmetric involvement of cerebral white matter,
      particularly in periventricular white matter and visual radiations. Calculated T1
      values were significantly elevated in the children with leukodystrophy.

PMID- 3880386
TI  - Effect of octanoate injection on rat blood-brain barrier.
AB  - Serum concentrations of short and medium chain fatty acids, including octanoate,
      are elevated in hepatic encephalopathy and Reye syndrome. Injection of octanoate
      into animals produces features reminiscent of Reye syndrome, but the mechanisms
      are unknown. To evaluate the effect of octanoate on blood-brain barrier
      permeability, three techniques were used. Entry of horseradish peroxidase and
      trypan blue into brain was not observed after octanoate injection. Brain uptake
      of tryptamine, tyrosine and methionine was increased significantly by octanoate,
      while uptake of insulin was unchanged. This study suggests that octanoate may
      produce central nervous system alterations by facilitating entry of certain low
      molecular weight compounds into brain. This may represent one mechanism for the
      development of encephalopathy in liver disease and Reye syndrome.

PMID- 3880387
TI  - Urinary zinc and metallothionein in children with spina bifida.
AB  - Defective embryonic cellular zinc utilization may contribute to abnormal neural
      tube formation and such a defect may be detectable in children with spina bifida
      (SB). To investigate this possibility, we examined urinary excretion of zinc and
      metallothionein (Mt), a cytoplasmic metal-binding protein, in 10 girls and 6 boys
      (ages 6 months to 19 years) with SB and 16 age-matched control subjects. Mean
      urinary zinc and Mt concentrations in the SB group were 65% and 72% greater than
      controls, respectively (p less than 0.05). There was was no evidence of renal
      dysfunction as judged by urinary creatinine and total protein excretion in the SB
      children. Increased excretion of zinc and Mt in some children with SB may reflect
      one or more underlying defects of zinc utilization.

PMID- 3880388
TI  - Long term cassette EEG monitoring of childhood seizures.
AB  - We studied the clinical efficacy of 4-channel cassette recording of the EEG for
      105 children being evaluated for possible seizures or further clarification of a
      known seizure disorder. Compared to the conventional EEG, 24 hour cassette EEG (C
      EEG) studies yielded new diagnostic electroclinical information for 21 percent of
      the children (22 patients). For 41 percent of cases, the C-EEG findings
      considerably broadened the clinical knowledge of the disorder and provided a
      basis for therapy modification. In the remaining 38 percent, no significant
      electrical or clinical events occurred so that C-EEG studies yielded no new
      important information. The utility of C-EEG was greatest for younger patients
      with generalized epilepsies whereas older children with partial epilepsies
      constituted the majority of diagnostic failures. These findings demonstrate that
      C-EEG recording may contribute useful information concerning childhood paroxysmal
      disorders, and underscore the importance of careful patient selection.

PMID- 3880389
TI  - Variability of serial CT scans in subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh
      disease).
AB  - Computed tomographic (CT) brain scans of patients with subacute necrotizing
      encephalomyelopathy (SNE) may reveal focal lesions that correspond to sites of
      anatomic involvement of the disease. Three patients with SNE were followed with
      serial CT brain scans. In two patients radiographic abnormalities appeared well
      after the onset of clinical symptoms. In all three patients the radiographic
      lesions changed with time. This variability seen with serial scanning is an
      important feature of SNE.

PMID- 3880390
TI  - Epidural hematoma of the newborn due to birth trauma.
AB  - Epidural hematoma due to birth trauma is unusual. The presentation is similar to
      subdural hematoma in the newborn, but the results of subdural puncture may be
      normal. The CT scan is diagnostic and early surgical evacuation may be
      lifesaving.

PMID- 3880391
TI  - Childhood stroke and supraventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Acquired hemiplegia in childhood is uncommon. All causes of stroke in adults
      should be considered in children, including atherosclerotic cerebrovascular
      disease even though it is rare. In addition, children suffer from many conditions
      that may result in stroke. Unlike adults, a cardiac illness resulting in stroke
      is extremely unusual in an otherwise healthy child. We report a case of a four
      year-old child; he presented with the sudden onset of a right hemiplegia
      associated with supraventricular tachycardia. Cerebral angiography indicated a
      left internal carotid artery occlusion. To our knowledge this is the first
      reported case of childhood stroke with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT).

PMID- 3880392
TI  - Neurologic aspects of the 9p- syndrome.
AB  - The 9p- syndrome is a chromosomal disorder which is easily recognized by its
      characteristic craniofacial features. Neurologic abnormalities are evident in all
      reported cases, the most common of which is severe mental retardation. We add
      another case with unusual features including glaucoma, seizures, and polydactyly,
      and review the somatic and neurologic features from 41 previously reported cases.

PMID- 3880393
TI  - Inability to verify parasagittal cerebral injury as a neuropathologic entity in
      the asphyxiated term neonate.
AB  - Localization of brain injury to parasagittal arterial border zones in the
      asphyxiated term neonate has been recently described as a frequent, clinically
      significant finding. However, pathologic examination of the brains of 79 term
      infants did not reveal a parasagittal distribution of damage. Coronal CT scans of
      13 asphyxiated neonates with clinical findings of proximal hypotonia, and repeat
      scans 6-12 months later in seven patients, have not demonstrated watershed areas
      of decreased density. A larger series of prospectively identified, surviving
      neonates is needed to determine whether clinically relevant parasagittal injury
      may be present in this population.

PMID- 3880394
TI  - Optic neuritis due to acquired toxoplasmosis.
AB  - A pediatric patient with well documented acquired toxoplasmic optic neuritis is
      presented. Use of immunoglobulin M immunofluorescent antibody studies allow
      easier identification of recently acquired toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmic optic
      neuritis and retinitis should be considered along with toxoplasmic meningitis or
      encephalitis as complications of acquired toxoplasmosis. Therapy is available
      which may decrease the duration of visual symptomatology and reduce residual
      visual impairment.

PMID- 3880395
TI  - Evaluation of congenital extracranial masses by waterpath sonography.
AB  - Congenital scalp masses pose a diagnostic and management challenge. In the past
      the relationship of the lesion to the skull and intracranial contents have been
      assessed by skull x-rays and computed cranial tomography. Waterpath sonography is
      a non-invasive technique that utilizes no ionizing radiation for evaluating and
      monitoring congenital scalp masses. In two illustrative cases this method of
      imaging assisted in assessing the size, contents, and relationship of the
      congenital scalp masses to the intracranial contents. It enabled the surgeon to
      anticipate the avascular cystic nature of the congenital scalp masses, the intact
      underlying calvarium, and non-violation of the CSF pathways prior to surgery. The
      technique was also useful for monitoring progress after surgery.

PMID- 3880396
TI  - Regional cerebral blood flow characteristics of the Sturge-Weber syndrome.
AB  - Four patients with the Sturge-Weber syndrome were studied using the non-invasive
      Xenon-133 inhalation technique. All four patients had decreased regional cerebral
      blood flow in the area of their lesion, and in two patients who were subsequently
      tested with 5% carbon dioxide inhalation, impaired vasomotor reactivity was
      documented. Diminished regional cerebral blood flow is consistent with previously
      described nuclide flow studies which demonstrated a delay in the initial
      perfusion blush in the region of the abnormal vasculature. The focal decrease in
      blood flow was greatest in the most severely affected patient, but was also
      prominent in the two younger patients, both of whom have excellent neurologic
      function. These studies suggest that localized decrease in blood flow and
      vasomotor dysfunction in Sturge-Weber syndrome can precede the occurrence of
      severe neurologic impairment and extensive cerebral atrophy and possibly be a
      major contributing factor in progressive dysfunction. A secondary observation was
      that the blood flow in the unaffected hemisphere was significantly greater in two
      children compared to the two adults and was similar to the age-related
      differences reported for normal children and adults.

PMID- 3880397
TI  - Posterior fossa hemorrhage in term newborns.
AB  - Posterior fossa hemorrhage detected by computed tomography (CT) in seven term
      newborns was managed by nonsurgical means. All infants were developmentally
      normal two to four years later with the exception of one infant who died with a
      massive posterior fossa hemorrhage. Two infants with extensive hemorrhages
      developed hydrocephalus. Spinal fluid drainage and diuretic therapy resulted in
      the resolution of hydrocephalus in one infant and delayed the placement of a
      ventriculoperitoneal shunt in the other. This series documents normal outcome in
      nonsurgically managed neonatal posterior fossa hemorrhages of varying degrees of
      severity.

PMID- 3880398
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid parameters and auditory brainstem responses following
      meningitis.
AB  - Auditory brainstem responses were measured in 94 children under 24 months of age
      immediately following treatment for bacterial meningitis. Evidence of peripheral
      hearing loss (thresholds of 30 dB HLn or greater) was found in 47% of the
      patients. In addition, 9% had prolonged interwave latencies, indicating the
      possible presence of retrocochlear pathology. Other clinical data were examined
      as well. CSF glucose concentration correlated with both the presence and
      magnitude of hearing loss (as measured by auditory brainstem responses).
      Magnitude of hearing loss also was associated with the presence of seizures.
      Although all children recovering from meningitis should be assessed for hearing
      loss, those who have had low CSF glucose concentrations and seizures appear to be
      at high risk.

PMID- 3880399
TI  - Differential toxicity of chronic exposure to phenytoin, phenobarbital, or
      carbamazepine in cerebral cortical cell cultures.
AB  - The effects of phenytoin (30 micrograms/ml), phenobarbital (64 micrograms/ml),
      and carbamazepine (24 micrograms/ml) were assessed in cerebral cortical cell
      cultures. After antiepileptic drug exposure for eleven days, cultures were
      assayed for total protein, number of neurons, tetanus toxin fixation, high
      affinity uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid and beta-alanine, activity of choline
      acetyltransferase, and benzodiazepine binding. Carbamazepine-exposed cultures
      demonstrated minimal effects, whereas highly significant deficits related to
      generalized toxicity were observed in cultures exposed to phenytoin or
      phenobarbital.

PMID- 3880400
TI  - Intraparenchymal cerebral cysticercosis in children: a benign prognosis.
AB  - This paper reports 26 consecutive cases of cerebral cysticercosis in children, 21
      presenting with intraparenchymal mass lesions, two with encephalitic disease, and
      three with intraventricular (racemous) cysticercosis. The intraparenchymal and
      encephalitic forms of the disease were benign. Regression of the lesions occurred
      within four months of diagnosis in all children treated conservatively with
      antiepileptic drugs, but no antiparasitic drugs. Major morbidity was limited to
      those patients who were subjected to operative intervention. Intraventricular
      disease was most malignant; all three patients manifested acute, severely
      increased intracranial pressure, all required immediate surgical decompression,
      and one patient died. The apparent overall benign course of intraparenchymal
      cerebral cysticercosis in children appears not to warrant antiparasitic drug
      therapy.

PMID- 3880401
TI  - Neurodevelopmental assessment of very low birth weight neonates: effect of
      germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage.
AB  - During a recent 36-month interval, all neonates of less than or equal to 1250
      gram birth weight who were admitted to our Newborn Special Care Unit and survived
      the first 36 postnatal hours underwent either computed tomography or
      echoencephalography or both for the assessment of neonatal germinal matrix
      hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage. Seventy of the 164 long-term
      surviving infants experienced neonatal germinal matrix and/or intraventricular
      hemorrhage (GMH/IVH Group), whereas 94 infants had studies that were negative
      (Non-hemorrhage Group). Serial neurodevelopmental assessments were performed on
      142 (87%) of the 164 long-term surviving infants; these assessments included the
      Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months (corrected age)
      and the Stanford-Binet and Peabody Picture Vocabulary examinations at 30 months
      (corrected age). At 30 months (corrected age), the incidence of major neurologic
      abnormalities was extremely low in both the GMH/IVH and the Non-hemorrhage
      groups. In addition, although there were few survivors of the more severe grades
      of intraventricular hemorrhage, we could detect no difference between the
      developmental scores of the GMH/IVH and the Non-hemorrhage Group infants.

PMID- 3880402
TI  - Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita: histochemical study of biopsied muscles.
AB  - Morphometric analysis was performed after histochemical staining on 12 biopsied
      muscles of the affected limbs from 12 patients with arthrogryposis multiplex
      congenita. Except for one muscle, samples demonstrated variation in fiber size
      associated with abnormal fiber type distribution suggesting abnormal innervation:
      large groups of atrophic fibers in one muscle, either type 1 or 2 fiber
      predominance with occasional fiber type grouping in five, a complete lack of type
      2 fibers in one, type one fiber atrophy in one, both type 2A and 2B fiber atrophy
      in two, and increased number of type 2C fibers in four. In most patients with
      arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, a defect in neural influence on the
      developing muscles may be responsible for the absence or maldevelopment of some
      muscle groups. Underdeveloped muscles are then assumed to induce imbalance of
      agonists and antagonists resulting in permanent contractures.

PMID- 3880403
TI  - The spectrum of congenital facial diplegia (Moebius syndrome).
AB  - The Moebius syndrome consists of congenital facial diplegia with associated
      anomalies. No single pathophysiologic hypothesis accounts for all aspects of the
      syndrome. We present six cases which manifest a very broad spectrum of associated
      neurologic anomalies. Postmortem examination was performed on two cases. Midline
      brainstem necrosis was evident in one while the other had subtle brainstem
      hypoplasia. The four other patients have demonstrated fixed deficits on follow-up
      examinations. Improvement in brainstem evoked potential waveforms has occurred in
      three cases, but the significance is uncertain. Many of the cases were delivered
      by caesarean section because of failure of labor to progress, and had associated
      polyhydramnios and arthrogryposis. These features suggest that a defect is
      established in utero. Only one infant, born prematurely, may have suffered some
      perinatal brainstem insult. Congenital facial diplegia is a heterogenetic entity
      which can affect the nervous system in many different ways.

PMID- 3880404
TI  - Tardive dyskinesia in Tourette syndrome.
AB  - Three patients are reported who developed oral-buccal-lingual movements typical
      of tardive dyskinesia while being treated with stable doses of haloperidol for
      Tourette syndrome. In each case signs resolved within a number of weeks after
      medication was discontinued. One of the patients experienced recurrence of the
      dyskinesia during a challenge with phenothiazine tranquilizers. In each case the
      dose of haloperidol was well within the usual therapeutic range. A strong family
      history of movement disorders, including Tourette syndrome, was present in each
      family.

PMID- 3880405
TI  - Femoral nerve injury following inguinal hernia repair.
AB  - Insidious leg pain and weakness followed inguinal hernia repair. Despite the
      temporal relationship of the surgery and the symptoms, the diagnosis proved
      elusive, in part, because of the rarity of the complication.

PMID- 3880406
TI  - Infantile spasms: ictal phenomena.
AB  - Ictal phenomena were studied during three separate six-hour video/polygraphic
      recording sessions in 10 patients with infantile spasms; 1,079 spasms occurred.
      Frequency during wakefulness (7.7 spasms/hour) was greater than that during sleep
      (2.5 spasms/hour); 46.6% of spasms occurred in clusters. Spasms were composed of
      one or more of three phases: a myoclonic contraction, a tonic contraction, and/or
      an arrest of activity. The most common types were myoclonic-tonic (40.3%) and
      myoclonic alone (36.3%). When classified by postural motor phenomena, 41.6% were
      "flexor", 16.3% "extensor", 39.0% "mixed", and 3.1% "arrest" alone.
      Electrographic monitoring revealed that myoclonic contractions were associated
      with an initial paroxysmal event. Tonic contractions and arrests were usually
      associated with suppression of electroencephalographic activity with or without
      rhythmic activity. Knowledge of these clinical and electrographic features is
      important for diagnosis and evaluation of proposed treatments.

PMID- 3880407
TI  - Cassette electroencephalographic recording of neonates with apneic episodes.
AB  - To evaluate the practical importance of seizures as a cause of neonatal apnea, we
      obtained extended cassette electroencephalographic recording for periods as long
      as 24 hours from 50 neonates experiencing apneic episodes unassociated with
      clinical seizure activity. Electroencephalographic recording through definite
      apneic episodes was obtained in 37 neonates; a total of 153 episodes were
      detected. None was associated with electroencephalographic seizure activity,
      although one term neonate without documented apneic episodes had seizure activity
      detected by cassette electroencephalography and may have had apneic seizures. The
      episodic apnea and bradycardia commonly encountered in preterm neonates is
      unlikely to be a manifestation of seizure activity, and extended
      electroencephlographic monitoring of such patients is of low yield.

PMID- 3880409
TI  - Electroretinography in the evaluation of childhood myotonic dystrophy.
AB  - Electroretinography (ERG) may provide laboratory support for the diagnosis of
      childhood myotonic dystrophy. The sensitivity of ERG may exceed that of
      electromyography for early detection of the disease. The electroretinographic
      abnormalities are not specific for myotonic dystrophy.

PMID- 3880408
TI  - Effect of octanoate on blood-brain barrier permeability using L-dopa as a marker.
AB  - Short-chain fatty acid injection into animals produces coma, seizures, and
      hyperventilation. One mechanism of coma production may be through alterations in
      membrane permeability characteristics. The SPG histofluorescence technique was
      used to evaluate changes in blood-brain barrier permeability to injected L-dopa
      in rats after intraperitoneal injections of the short-chain fatty acid, sodium
      octanoate. Diffusion of intravascular fluorescence was observed around brain
      capillaries in the octanoate-injected rats suggesting an alteration in capillary
      permeability to L-dopa. Diffusion of fluorescence around neuronal cell bodies and
      brain fiber tracts was also seen after treatment with octanoate. These findings
      suggest that octanoate may also alter neuronal membrane function.

PMID- 3880410
TI  - Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in late-onset globoid cell
      leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease).
AB  - A five-year-old white male presented with a history of progressive loss of vision
      that was subsequently followed by progressive corticospinal dysfunction.
      Evaluation revealed the presence of leukodystrophy which was confirmed by a
      deficiency of the enzyme, galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase. We present the
      clinical, computed tomographic, and magnetic resonance imaging features of this
      late-onset form of globoid cell leukodystrophy.

PMID- 3880411
TI  - Vertebrobasilar occlusive disease and childhood migraine.
AB  - A nine-year-old girl developed a cerebellar infarct documented by computed
      tomography. This infarct occurred in association with a typical migrainous
      attack. Vertebrobasilar occlusive disease has been reported in adult migraineurs
      but has not been previously reported in children.

PMID- 3880412
TI  - Chronic epidural hematomas in childhood: increased recognition and non-surgical
      management.
AB  - Three children with chronic intracranial epidural hematomas are described. The
      hematomas were identified by computed tomographic scanning two to eleven days
      after a head injury. Two of the children were managed non-surgically over a one
      month period, during which time they remained stable without deteriorating
      consciousness or development of focal neurologic signs, and with evidence of
      resorption of the hematomas on follow-up scans. One child, initially clinically
      stable, had surgical evacuation of her clot 17 days after the injury because of a
      recurrence of vomiting. The children with chronic epidural hematomas managed
      without neurosurgical intervention were normal on subsequent neurologic
      examinations.

PMID- 3880413
TI  - Cysticercosis.

PMID- 3880415
TI  - Alterations in serum glucose and hepatic glycogen concentrations during octanoate
      administration in rabbits.
AB  - During continuous administration of sodium octanoate (0.2 M) into weanling and
      mature rabbits, a significant decrease in serum glucose concentration was
      observed within 15 minutes after onset of the infusion. This relative
      hypoglycemia persisted for as long as one hour, after which there was a rebound
      to normoglycemia. Hepatic glycogen concentrations were correspondingly reduced by
      one-half in octanoate-treated versus control animals. Previous studies in an
      octanoate model have demonstrated clinical, biochemical, and pathologic features
      similar to those found in Reye syndrome. The current findings may have
      implications for the hypoglycemia observed in children with Reye syndrome.

PMID- 3880414
TI  - Prognosis of occlusive disease of the circle of Willis (moyamoya disease) in
      children.
AB  - The prognosis of 27 patients with moyamoya disease was studied. The ages at onset
      ranged from 11 months to 4-11/12 years. Follow-up study was performed within 4
      years from the onset in 13, 5 to 9 years in 5, and 10 to 15 years in 9. Transient
      ischemic attacks (TIA) occurred most often during the first four years and
      decreased thereafter. Intellectual deterioration and neurologic deficits
      increased with time. Outcome included no sequelae in five (19%), occasional TIA
      or headache alone in nine (33%), mild intellectual and/or motor impairment in
      seven (26%), requirement for special school or care by parents or institutions
      after reaching the teen years in three (11%), continuous 24-hour care in two
      (7%), and death in one (3%). Poor prognosis was correlated with an early age at
      onset and hypertension.

PMID- 3880416
TI  - Ramsay Hunt syndrome in dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy.
AB  - We report a case of Ramsay Hunt syndrome which was clinically characterized by
      myoclonus epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, convulsions, and dementia. Major necropsy
      findings were dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy. Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian
      atrophy may be associated with a variety of clinical symptoms, amongst which
      Ramsay Hunt syndrome can be included.

PMID- 3880417
TI  - Neocortical death in infants: behavioral, neurologic, and electroencephalographic
      characteristics.
AB  - Neocortical death is a form of the persistent vegetative state characterized by
      the maintenance of sleep/wakeful cycles and spontaneous respirations and the lack
      of cognitive function. It is difficult to diagnose in neonates and young infants
      because their cognitive skills are limited by inexperience and by immaturity of
      the central nervous system. Because neocortical death has not been described
      previously for this age group, we report the neurologic, behavioral,
      electroencephalographic, and computed tomographic characteristics of three
      infants who survived in the persistent vegetative state following severe brain
      injury. Each infant appeared to exhibit some complex behaviors, including
      interaction with the environment and the examiners, although the
      electroencephalograms documented no electrical activity of cerebral origin.
      Computed tomography revealed extensive destruction of the cerebral hemispheres.
      Infants and newborns with a history suggesting brain injury and with the
      neurologic and behavioral characteristics described here should be evaluated with
      serial electroencephalograms and computed tomography to diagnose the syndrome of
      neocortical death.

PMID- 3880418
TI  - Reversible parkinsonism from shunt failure.
AB  - Parkinsonism developed as the result of shunt malfunction in a 16-year-old girl
      with aqueductal stenosis. Her symptoms responded to levodopa and shunt revision.
      Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed.

PMID- 3880419
TI  - Cerebral dysfunction following infantile dietary chloride deficiency.
AB  - Twenty-two children who were chloride-depleted in infancy due to a chloride
      deficient diet and who had resultant hypochloremic alkalosis were analyzed in
      regard to their signs and symptoms, metabolic studies, and growth parameters.
      Deceleration of weight, linear growth, and head growth occurred in most, and
      persistent growth failure occurred in some. The majority had cognitive deficits
      at follow-up. Comparison with growth parameters in a chronically malnourished
      group of children who had a variety of disorders revealed a similar degree of
      deceleration of weight (p = 0.50) and height (p = 0.70), but more severe
      deceleration of head growth (p = 0.01). Comparison with follow-up cognitive
      deficits reported in the United States medical literature in children with
      similar severity of nutritional deprivation indicates that the chloride-depleted
      infants had more frequent and more severe cognitive deficits (p = 0.09).
      Cognitive deficits have been documented in U. S. children who are nutritionally
      deprived only when disorders causing concomitant chloride depletion are
      responsible for the malnutrition.

PMID- 3880420
TI  - Dietary chloride deficiency.

PMID- 3880421
TI  - Cerebellar hemorrhage in the term neonate: developmental and neurologic outcome.
AB  - To elucidate the effects of cerebellar hemorrhage on the term neonate,
      neurodevelopmental assessments were conducted at a mean age of 32 months on six
      children. In addition to cerebellar hemorrhage, ventriculomegaly was present on
      each subject's initial computed tomographic scan. All were managed without
      surgical evacuation. Two patients required shunts for progressive
      ventriculomegaly. Five patients had follow-up computed tomography indicating mild
      atrophy of the superior anterior vermis of the cerebellum; however, none had
      abnormal ventricular size or abnormalities of the cerebrum. On detailed
      examination conducted between the ages of 18 and 48 months, five had hypotonia,
      truncal ataxia, and intention tremor; two had nystagmus. Only one patient walked
      independently. Intellectual performance of four patients was within the retarded
      range and two had mildly delayed development. Two patients had markedly
      disordered expressive language. These data suggest that term neonates surviving
      cerebellar hemorrhage have neurologic deficits related to the site of hemorrhage,
      and cognitive deficits related to more generalized cerebral insult.

PMID- 3880422
TI  - Brachial plexus palsy: intrauterine onset.
AB  - A newborn had a combination of brachial plexus palsy and phrenic nerve palsy
      associated with a small left arm, deformed ribs on the left, and an area of
      subcutaneous calcification on the left side of the neck. These lesions represent
      a deformation syndrome due to uterine constraint in a bicornuate uterus.
      Appropriate diagnosis can initiate management to avoid problems in subsequent
      pregnancies.

PMID- 3880423
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in childhood disseminated encephalomyelitis.
AB  - We report the magnetic resonance imaging features in two children with post
      infectious disseminated encephalomyelitis. Magnetic resonance imaging
      dramatically demonstrated multiple white matter lesions in both children and
      resolution of lesions in conjunction with clinical recovery. These cases indicate
      that magnetic resonance imaging has considerable diagnostic utility in
      disseminated encephalomyelitis of childhood.

PMID- 3880424
TI  - The kleeblattschadel deformity: neurologic outcome with early treatment.
AB  - Despite its alarming appearance, the kleeblattschadel anomaly, when it occurs in
      the absence of a recognizable mental retardation syndrome, is not associated with
      primary abnormalities of the central nervous system. Early medical and surgical
      efforts may result in a satisfactory cosmetic and neurologic outcome.

PMID- 3880425
TI  - Inhibition of dihydropteridine reductase in rat striatal synaptosomes and from
      human liver by metabolites of biogenic amines.
AB  - Catecholamines are potent noncompetitive inhibitors of dihydropteridine reductase
      in rat striatal synaptosomal preparations or purified from human liver. Their
      metabolites, except homovanillic acid, also inhibit the enzyme from both sources.
      The inhibitory potency of these compounds depends on the presence of the catechol
      or the 4-hydroxyphenyl structure, but may be modified by the 2-carbon side chain
      and its substituents. Indoleamines which have a hydroxylated aromatic nucleus (5
      hydroxytryptamine and 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine) are equally inhibitory to the
      enzyme. These results suggest that biogenic amines themselves rather than their
      metabolites may serve as physiological inhibitors of dihydropteridine reductase
      in rat brain.

PMID- 3880426
TI  - A gay men's self-actualization group: a psychosocial nursing experience.

PMID- 3880427
TI  - The role of family re-enactment in group psychotherapy.

PMID- 3880428
TI  - Cultivation of good feelings between and among members of a mental health group
      and their community.

PMID- 3880429
TI  - The mental health advantages of twinship.

PMID- 3880430
TI  - A role for nurse psychotherapists: primary prevention counseling for general
      hospital staffs.
AB  - Providing a counseling and consultation service to general hospital employees
      through contractual arrangements is beneficial, and is an appropriate function
      for nurse therapists. Employees willingly use the service, and as stresses
      increase in the workplace the service can have a favorable impact on both
      personnel functioning and retention, as well as on the delivery of patient
      services.

PMID- 3880431
TI  - Power in client and nurse-therapist relationships.
AB  - Social theory provided the perspective for this exploration of power as it
      relates to the nurse/client relationship. As the authors agree with Smith and
      Vetter (1982) that interactions are a legitimate basis for understanding
      behavior, we, have, therefore, presented actual nurse/client relationships as
      empirical cases to examine and to apply theory. These six vignettes provide
      examples of various responses of patients and therapists to power in therapeutic
      relationships. Although each situation differs in some respects, there are
      similarities regarding power as a phenomenon. Dependence and sanctions, the
      objective features of power, are present. On analyzing the audiotapes and process
      notes from the individual therapy of clients and nurses who were beginning
      therapists enrolled in a graduate psychiatric nursing program, it becomes clear
      that the therapists got involved in power struggles with their clients or used
      exploitive power when they, themselves, felt vulnerable or angry because they
      perceived their expert power to be threatened. It also becomes clear that the
      nurse-therapists were not always accustomed to, or comfortable with, an
      autonomous role. They, therefore, sometimes failed to use their legitimate
      powers. However, once they reviewed their interactions within a conceptual
      framework of power, and discussed these issues with clinical and academic
      supervisors, they could examine causes, characteristics, and potential changes in
      their reactions to their clients.

PMID- 3880432
TI  - The suicide prevention contract.

PMID- 3880433
TI  - Psychotherapeutic management: a model for nursing practice.
AB  - Role clarification that will increase recognition and decrease the role confusion
      of psychiatric nurses who practice in the inpatient setting is the central thrust
      of this discussion. Indeed, the author suggests that more, not less, energies and
      resources be directed toward emphasizing and preparing nurses to become more
      effective inpatient psychiatric nurses. It is quite obvious that the recent
      overvaluation of outpatient nursing with the subsequent devaluation of inpatient
      nursing has had an overall negative effect on psychiatric nursing. The net result
      is role confusion and loss of professional momentum. More specifically, the role
      of nurses who control the therapeutic milieu and provide 24-hour patient
      management within the inpatient setting has become devalued, while the newer role
      of the nurse in the outpatient settings is not only overvalued but is, in many
      instances, in conflict with the outpatient psychiatric services offered by other
      professions. In a phrase, psychiatric nursing is divesting its energies by moving
      away from its historical power base, inpatient care, to compete at a disadvantage
      with other professions in outpatient care. Psychotherapeutic management is "real
      world" nursing. Mastery of the components--psychopharmacology, therapeutic nurse
      patient communication, and milieu management--grounded in psychopathological
      concepts, is a challenging but achievable undertaking; one that will provide a
      model for productive psychiatric nursing, and a distinct sense of professional
      achievement and role clarity for inpatient psychiatric nurses.

PMID- 3880434
TI  - Paradoxical intervention in psychiatric nursing practice.

PMID- 3880435
TI  - Open doors and runaway patients--a management dilemma.

PMID- 3880436
TI  - Videogames and epilepsy.

PMID- 3880437
TI  - What is therapeutic in clinical relationships?

PMID- 3880438
TI  - The family approach at each moment.
AB  - In this paper I have demonstrated some of the skills involved in an approach to
      the entire family at each moment. I have focused on a family approach in well
      child care, episodic care for children, and adolescent pregnancy and have
      demonstrated how such an approach is essentially preventive. The traditional
      relationship of the family physician with individuals, usually women and mothers,
      creates an implicit alliance with the symptom bearer which may work contrary to
      the goals of treatment. Avoidance of hidden alliances and open communication with
      all members of the family permit the doctor to engage with families in a
      relationship which is both preventive and therapeutic.

PMID- 3880439
TI  - A philosopher examines theories of human behavior.

PMID- 3880441
TI  - Community hospital programs--How are we doin'?

PMID- 3880442
TI  - The challenges of a battle lost.

PMID- 3880440
TI  - The intellectual basis of Family Medicine revisited.

PMID- 3880443
TI  - Evaluation of an evaluation.

PMID- 3880444
TI  - Health Maintenance for your computer.

PMID- 3880445
TI  - A different way of doctoring.

PMID- 3880446
TI  - Nurses: the time of self and now.

PMID- 3880447
TI  - Training to be assertive. Part B.

PMID- 3880448
TI  - Home on the streets: services for the homeless and psychiatrically ill.

PMID- 3880450
TI  - NSW Department of Health. Policies for mental health services.

PMID- 3880449
TI  - Home on the streets.

PMID- 3880451
TI  - The United Dental Hospital of Sydney.

PMID- 3880452
TI  - AIDS, nurses and trade unions.

PMID- 3880453
TI  - Work-related child care.

PMID- 3880454
TI  - Conversion courses: a study of registered psychiatric/mental retardation nurses
      undertaking the general nursing certificate course.

PMID- 3880455
TI  - An overview of the practice of occupational health nursing.

PMID- 3880456
TI  - The role of the EN.

PMID- 3880457
TI  - Nursing assessment in Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3880458
TI  - Nuclear war: "natural" disaster planning.

PMID- 3880459
TI  - The educators. Part 2. The transfer.

PMID- 3880460
TI  - Introduction and implementation of an enrolled nurse aide programme. Dubbo
      Nursing Home.

PMID- 3880461
TI  - Mortality of multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 3880462
TI  - The transfer of nurse education and social cost.

PMID- 3880463
TI  - 38 hour week reportback.

PMID- 3880464
TI  - AIDS--risks and rights.

PMID- 3880466
TI  - Homebirth midwives--sharing and exchanging.

PMID- 3880465
TI  - NSWNA AIDS policy.

PMID- 3880467
TI  - Post-basic education for enrolled nurses.

PMID- 3880468
TI  - Super--PASB formed (Public Authorities Superannuation Board).

PMID- 3880469
TI  - Rachel Forster: profile of a community service.

PMID- 3880470
TI  - The nursing workforce: some burning issues.

PMID- 3880471
TI  - Thems 'n us-es.

PMID- 3880472
TI  - AIDS: discrimination issues.

PMID- 3880473
TI  - Companion animal for the elderly.

PMID- 3880474
TI  - Controlled release from a large capsule membrane corked with
      phosphatidylethanolamine bilayers: effect of temperature, pH and concentration of
      Ca2+ ions.
AB  - Permeations of a fluorescent probe entrapped in the inner aqueous phase of a
      large nylon capsule membrane corked with phosphatidylethanolamine bilayers were
      reversibly controlled by (i) the phase transition of bilayers, (ii) the ambient
      pH change, and (iii) the addition of Ca2+/EDTA from outside. Their signal
      receptive permeation control could be reproduced repeatedly without damaging
      corking bilayers, in contrast to that of liposomal membranes.

PMID- 3880475
TI  - The diffusion of L(+)-ascorbic acid across DPPC vesicle membranes.
AB  - The transmembrane diffusion of L(+)-ascorbic acid has been studied by means of 1H
      n.m.r. spectroscopy using small unilamellar DPPC vesicles as a model system. It
      is shown that the electro-neutral form of L(+)-ascorbic acid diffuses faster
      across the membranes than the anionic form by about two orders of magnitude. The
      diffusion is influenced by a molecular interaction between L(+)-ascorbate and the
      membrane surface and depends also on the fluidity of the membrane. The calculated
      permeation coefficients of neutral L(+)-ascorbic acid are between 6 x 10(-10) and
      3 x 10(-8) cm s-1 (35-52 degrees C).

PMID- 3880476
TI  - Large unilamellar lipid vesicles for use in therapeutic and diagnostic medicine.
AB  - Large unilamellar lipid vesicles are prepared by a detergent dialysis procedure
      using beta-D-octylglucoside as the detergent. This procedure is nondenaturing and
      allows for the encapsulation of sensitive biological molecules. Vesicles prepared
      with the composition of 2 mol phosphatidylcholine and 1 mol cholesterol have a
      mean diameter of 200 nm and allow for the encapsulation of 150 molecules of
      alkaline phosphatase per vesicle without loss of activity. Stability studies show
      that less than 4 per cent of the original enzyme leaks from the vesicles over a
      250 day period upon storage at 4 degrees C. A mechanistic model for vesicle
      formation is described to provide a clear understanding of the events occurring
      during the encapsulation stages.

PMID- 3880477
TI  - Localization of an entrapped item within unilamellar vesicle compartments: use of
      ultrasound disruption as a procedure to separate aqueous phase and lipidic
      lamellae.
AB  - A procedure has been carried out previously to separate the aqueous phase and the
      lipidic lamellae from multilamellar liposomes (Bakouche and Gerlier, Analyt.
      Biochem., 1983, 130, 379). This procedure consisted in multiple short bursts of
      sonication at a temperature below the transition temperature (Tm) of the lowest
      melting component followed by an ultracentrifugation. The aqueous phase and the
      lipidic lamellae were recovered in the supernatant and in the pellet
      respectively. This procedure was adapted for unilamellar vesicles by modifying
      the second step of the procedure. A suspension of unilamellar liposomes
      containing 5,6-carboxyfluorescein (5,6-CF) as a probe for the aqueous phase was
      disrupted by sonication at low temperature. After gel filtration on to a Sephadex
      G100 column, the phospholipid bilayers were readily separated from the aqueous
      probe 5,6-CF. Such a procedure should allow the localization of any item within
      the unilamellar liposome compartments.

PMID- 3880478
TI  - Cellulose-walled microcapsules: 1. The effect of the solvent-non solvent
      proportions on the preparation of microcapsules from the system ethyl cellulose
      chloroform-ethane diol.
AB  - The phase diagram of the system ethyl cellulose-chloroform-ethane diol has been
      studied and the differing phase regions determined. The effect of temperature of
      these regions is recorded. The phase diagram is used to determine the optimal
      conditions for the preparation of microcapsules with a phenobarbitone core and
      the size distribution of the microcapsules is recorded.

PMID- 3880479
TI  - In vitro and in vivo evaluation of cellacephate microcapsules of sodium
      salicylate prepared by pan coating.
AB  - Within various organic solvent based coating systems examined, one containing
      cellacephate and hydrogenated castor oil as cofilm formers was found to produce
      microcapsules of sodium salicylate by pan coating with optimum enteric
      properties, as determined by in vitro evaluation by scanning electron microscopy
      and dissolution studies. Scintiscans showed that such microcapsules packed in an
      outer hard gelatin capsule shell lodged temporarily in the oesophagus and tended
      to form aggregates on liberation in the stomach of the dog. Because of their
      rapid clearance from the stomach, single dosage with these microcapsules only
      prolonged appearance of the plasma peak by about 1.5 h in comparison to a
      conventional form. The microcapsules showed no decrease in bioavailability and
      only slight faecal blood loss during acute toxicity testing for gastrointestinal
      bleeding.

PMID- 3880480
TI  - In vitro-in vivo evaluation of bacampicillin hydrochloride from microcapsules of
      water-insoluble and an acid-soluble polymer.
AB  - Bacampicillin hydrochloride has been microencapsulated to mask its very bitter
      taste. The objective of the study was to compare the in vitro release and
      bioavailability of bacampicillin hydrochloride from microcapsules coated with two
      principally different polymers: a water-insoluble polymer, ethylcellulose, and an
      acid-soluble polymer, Eudragit E 100. The last mentioned was supposed to have
      advantages from a bioavailability point of view since this polymer should
      dissolve rapidly upon reaching the stomach. In vitro release studies were
      performed in different types of media by using a flow-through cell technique and
      USP paddle apparatus. The in vivo study was performed on 20 healthy volunteers
      taking single 400 mg doses of the drug in the two microcapsule suspensions and a
      reference tablet according to a randomized cross-over design. When standard
      dissolution fluids were used, the Eudragit E 100-coated microcapsules revealed
      very rapid dissolution but were greatly dependent on buffer concentration and
      ionic strength. The ethylcellulose-coated microcapsules released the drug much
      more slowly than Eudragit E 100 when using standard dissolution fluids. They were
      also affected by buffer concentration and ionic strength. The reference tablet
      had a significantly higher bioavailability than the two microcapsule suspensions.
      In vitro-in vivo correlation was not obtained when using standard dissolution
      fluids according to USP. However when stimulated intestinal fluid was adjusted to
      have an ionic strength similar to intestinal fluid, a better in vitro-in vivo
      correlation was obtained. The Eudragit E 100 polymer did not give better
      bioavailability than ethylcellulose as a coating polymer on bacampicillin
      microcapsules.

PMID- 3880481
TI  - Study of rosin glycerol esters as microencapsulating materials.
AB  - Rosin esters were prepared by heating rosin with glycerol and intermediate
      reaction products with different acid values were withdrawn. Salicylic acid
      granules were encapsulated using a 10 per cent solution of rosin esters in
      acetone. The coated microcapsules were evaluated for moisture absorption, flow
      properties and dissolution studies. The results showed that rosin and rosin
      glycerol intermediates with acid values of 122, 105 and 55 had excellent moisture
      protection properties. Dissolution studies showed that these could be used for
      delayed release of drug.

PMID- 3880482
TI  - Brain, liver and spleen detection of liposomes after rectal administration.
AB  - Bangham-type liposomes, undergoing freeze-thawing cycles, were detected electron
      microscopically in the brain, liver and spleen of experimental animals 24 h after
      rectal administration. This novel approach has several important advantages over
      intravenous, intraperitoneal and other usual means of administration of liposome
      drug-entrapped treatment and diagnostics for human application. The location of
      the liposomes in the brain after rectal administration shows that the brain-blood
      barrier can be overcome successfully by this method. Moreover, the risk of
      embolism and hypersensitivity, strict control of sterility and some other
      undesirable effects can be avoided. The possible role of rectal administration in
      the development of liposome drug-entrapped treatment and diagnostics is
      discussed.

PMID- 3880483
TI  - Factors affecting microencapsulability in simple gelatin coacervation method.
AB  - Microencapsulation by way of simple coacervation by gelatin was examined. Five
      kinds of core material and six kinds of coacervation-inducing agent (CIA) were
      chosen and the encapsulability of each combination was studied. Some core
      materials are easily encapsulated, others are difficult to encapsulate, and some
      show a dependency of encapsulability on the CIA. Electrophoresis and gelatin
      adsorption studies revealed that encapsulation by way of simple coacervation by
      gelatin is caused by the affinity between core and coacervate resulting from
      gelatin adsorption on the core surface. These studies further revealed that cores
      onto which a large amount of gelatin has been adsorbed before coacervation can be
      encapsulated.

PMID- 3880484
TI  - Core treatment for improving microencapsulability in simple gelatin coacervation
      method.
AB  - In microencapsulation by way of simple coacervation by gelatin, some core
      materials are encapsulated easily, whilst others are difficult to encapsulate or
      show an encapsulability dependent on the coacervation-inducing agent. The
      treatment of core materials to improve encapsulability was studied. It was found
      that core particle encapsulability can be improved by recrystallization from
      aqueous solution of an ionic polymer. Electrophoresis, microscopical observation
      and pH dependency of encapsulability of recrystallized cores revealed that the
      electrostatic attractive force between gelatin molecules in solution and a
      polymer attached to the core particle cause gelatin adsorption on the core
      surface to result in a great improvement in encapsulability.

PMID- 3880486
TI  - Characteristics of viable Brevibacterium linens cells, methionine and cysteine in
      milkfat-coated microcapsules.
AB  - The potential for microencapsulation of viable Brevibacterium linens with
      methionine or cysteine in milkfat to produce sulphur compounds was examined in
      this study. More than 80 per cent of B. linens cells were encapsulated and then
      numbers inside capsules increased about three-fold during 48 h at 26 degrees C
      under anaerobic conditions before a slow decline. Most of micro-organisms (7 x
      10(7)/ml) were still viable in the capsules after 15 days. More than 90 per cent
      of cysteine and methionine were encapsulated and 90, 80 and 60 per cent of the
      encapsulated amino acids were maintained in the capsules at 4, 12 and 26 degrees
      C, respectively, after 24 h. Most of the cysteine was oxidized to cystine during
      microencapsulation but still available to micro-organisms whereas methionine
      remained in the reduced form. Partition coefficients of methionine and cysteine
      to milkfat were 0.117 and 0.275, respectively, indicating that most of these
      substrates would be available to cells of B. linens in the capsules.

PMID- 3880485
TI  - Albumin microspheres as delivery systems for photodynamic drugs: physico-chemical
      studies and their implications for in vivo situations.
AB  - The potential of albumin (bovine serum) microspheres as delivery systems for
      haematoporphyrin and/or its zinc derivative was probed at the molecular level.
      The microspheres, prepared by heat denaturation, were stable to detergents and
      organic solvents but could be degraded by proteolytic enzymes. Drug loading was
      either by encapsulation during microsphere formation or by binding to preformed
      microspheres. The efficiency of encapsulation was found to depend on the initial
      drug/protein ratio with a saturable pattern. Binding of both drugs, or each
      alone, indicated the presence of two types of affinities of each drug to the
      microspheres. The leakage (release) of drug(s) from the microspheres into the
      aqueous medium over a period of several hours showed biphasic behaviour for each
      type of preparation, bound and encapsulated, for one or both drugs. A model
      assuming the microsphere-bound drug is distributed into two pools, differing in
      their drug-microsphere affinities, with no interference between the two drugs if
      both were bound, was found to account well for the equilibria data. Binding
      constants for respective pools were found to be similar for both drugs, of the
      order of 0.10 and 2 x 10(-4) ml/micrograms protein for the high and low affinity
      pools, respectively. The low affinity pools had the higher drug population. The
      two-pool model also fits well with the kinetic data, the pools differing in the
      rates of release. Rate constants for both drugs were found to be similar, of the
      order of 0.3 per min and 0.025 per hour for the fast and slow releasing pools,
      respectively. The population of the slow-releasing pool was higher, the high
      affinity pool being the fast-releasing one, the low-affinity pool being the slow
      releasing one. Implications for the microsphere-mediated delivery of these drugs
      in vivo are discussed.

PMID- 3880487
TI  - Polyacrylate resin (Eudragit retard) microcapsules as a controlled release drug
      delivery system-improved non-solvent addition phase separation process.
AB  - Eudragit retard microcapsules were prepared using an improved non-solvent
      addition phase separation process with tetrahydrofuran as the solvent. The
      evolution of microcapsule wall formation was studied by direct methodology.
      Eudragit coacervation was effected by progressive uptake of tetrahydrofuran by
      the non-solvent cyclohexane in the presence of a protective colloid,
      polyisobutylene (PIB). The core materials had a higher affinity for the acrylic
      that the PIB phase, thus ensuring encapsulation. Microcapsule batch
      reproducibility depended mainly on the variation in particle size distribution of
      the recrystallized core material. All batches gave apparent first-order release
      profiles, confirmed by regression procedures. The release rate was decreased by
      raising the wall/core ratio, holding constant concentration of either the wall
      polymer or the core material. Increase in the non-solvent addition rate elevated
      the release rate, probably due to structural changes in the microcapsule wall.
      The velocity fell, however, with decrease in particle size of the core material,
      contrary to expectations. PIB concentration increase elevated the release rate by
      enhancing wall porosity, shown by scanning electron microscopy.

PMID- 3880488
TI  - Dissolution studies of microencapsulated 4-sulphonamidophenoxyacetic acid: effect
      of preparative variables on dissolution.
AB  - Ethylcellulose-walled microcapsules of 4-sulphonamidophenoxyacetic acid were
      prepared and their in vitro dissolution characteristics were investigated.
      Different release kinetics must be applied according to the respective average
      particle size and wall content values of the microcapsule fractions. The
      'dissolution model' appears to fit better with small thin-walled microcapsules
      whereas, for larger thicker-walled microcapsules, Higuchi-type kinetics seem to
      describe the release of the major part of the drug more adequately.

PMID- 3880489
TI  - A fundamental study of the microencapsulation procedure utilizing coacervation in
      a polystyrene-cyclohexane solution.
AB  - Coacervation in polystyrene (PS)-cyclohexane solution induced by the lowering of
      temperature was utilized to investigate the fundamental problems involved in the
      microencapsulation procedure. Polydispersity of PS played a vital role in
      determining variables at the critical state of phase separation, such as the
      composition of coacervate (dense) and lean phases. This also depended on
      temperature. Observations revealed that microcapsules of glass beads consist of a
      wall with a thin film of PS covered with a thick shell of talc. Poor utilization
      of PS may limit practical applications of this system unless effective measures
      are taken for the recovery of unutilized PS. Controlled release behaviour from
      microcapsules was successfully investigated by using encapsulated anhydrous
      sodium sulphate (ASS) particles, and applying the Higuchi model to the estimation
      of the effective diffusion coefficient of ASS through the composite wall. The
      values of diffusion coefficient decreased from an order of 10(-7) to 10(-8) cm/s
      by lowering the encapsulation temperature.

PMID- 3880490
TI  - The in vivo evaluation of poly(lactic acid) microcapsules of pilocarpine
      hydrochloride.
AB  - Poly(lactic acid) microcapsules of pilocarpine hydrochloride were prepared and
      evaluated by measuring a miotic effect in rabbits. The microcapsule suspension
      showed prolongation of miosis and an improved bioavailability when compared with
      a standard eye dosage form.

PMID- 3880491
TI  - Effect of ethylene-vinyl acetate concentration on ethylcellulose-walled
      microcapsules: preparation and release kinetics of theophylline microcapsules.
AB  - The effect of concentration of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer, used as a
      coacervation-inducing agent, on the preparation of ethylcellulose microcapsules
      was studied with theophylline as the core material. The influence of EVA
      concentration on the micromeritic properties of the microcapsules and their drug
      release behaviour were investigated. Particle size distribution of the
      microcapsules obtained was dependent on the amount of EVA copolymer. As the EVA
      concentration increased the quantity of larger particles was reduced and that of
      the smaller particles was increased. Thus EVA might be used as a protective
      colloid to prevent aggregation of the microcapsules. The porosity of the
      microcapsules decreased with respect to EVA concentration, but the wall thickness
      of the microcapsules showed a corresponding increase. Zero-order release
      kinetics, from the resulting microcapsules in the initial dissolution phase was
      obtained. The apparent zero-order release rate in the initial steady-state
      decreased with the increase of EVA concentration, but T50 increased. The higher
      concentration of EVA causing a thick, compact wall lead to an effective
      prolongation of drug release.

PMID- 3880492
TI  - Study of rosin-glycerol esters as microencapsulating materials. II. Quantitative
      correlation between physico-chemical properties and release characteristics.
AB  - Rosin-glycerol esters have been used as microencapsulating materials. A
      quantitative correlation has been observed between the physico-chemical
      properties, i.e. acid value and moisture affinity, and the release
      characteristics from the encapsulated drug.

PMID- 3880493
TI  - Lymphocytes: the Third World.

PMID- 3880494
TI  - [Complement: physiopathology, pharmacology and clinical aspects].

PMID- 3880495
TI  - Amino acid composition of alpha-amylase protein inhibitor from Arachis hypogaea
      seeds.

PMID- 3880496
TI  - Clinical reports on dental extraction from patients undergoing oral anticoagulant
      therapy.

PMID- 3880497
TI  - [Spinal hyperostosis and hyperostosis frontalis interna].

PMID- 3880498
TI  - [Congenital dyschromatopsia in Italy. Study of a sample of 2967 subjects].

PMID- 3880499
TI  - Calcitonin gene-related polypeptide as a mediator of the neurogenic ocular injury
      response.
AB  - Calcitonin gene-related polypeptide (CGRP) has been localised immunochemically
      within the rat and guinea pig anterior uvea to nerve fibres of trigeminal origin.
      As with substance P (1-3) the level of CGRP in the iris-ciliary body is depleted
      after thermal damage to the Gasserian ganglion and elevated in chronically
      sympathectically denervated eyes. Unlike substance P, a potent pupillary
      constrictor (4,5), CGRP has no notable miotic action, but does, however, cause an
      elevation of the intraocular pressure (IOP) accompanied by disruption of the
      blood-aqueous barrier. It is proposed that the diverse actions of these two
      sensory neuropeptides conjointly mediate the antidromic ocular injury response.

PMID- 3880500
TI  - 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase activity as indicator of oxidative metabolism in
      rabbit eyes.
AB  - Oxidative drug metabolism in intraocular tissues (choroid, cornea, iris-ciliary
      body and retina) plus conjunctiva and liver was determined in rabbits. 7
      Ethoxycoumarin deethylase activity was found in all the intraocular tissues, but
      enzyme activities in these tissues were fairly low compared to activities in the
      conjunctiva and liver. Iris-ciliary body showed the highest enzyme activity and
      cornea showed the lowest. Relatively high activities were found in conjunctiva:
      21 and 120 times as high as those in iris-ciliary body of young and adult rabbit
      eyes, respectively. The administration of phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene
      (3-MC) to young rabbits caused marked induction of enzyme activity only in
      choroid tissues. Phenobarbital, but not 3-MC, also induced enzyme activities in
      conjunctiva and liver.

PMID- 3880501
TI  - SPECT study of the fluid distribution in the intra-abdominal space during
      intraperitoneal treatment of ovarian cancer.
AB  - Only limited progress has been achieved in the treatment of ovarian cancer, the
      most common fatal gynaecological malignancy. Peritoneal dialysis with drugs known
      to be effective in ovarian cancer and large intraperitoneal fluid volumes (Belly
      Bath) have been used. The two critical determinants for a successful
      intraperitoneal chemotherapy programme are: (1) complete accessibility of the
      drug to all tumour-bearing areas; and (2) drug penetration into the residual
      tumour masses. We show that the scintigraphic technique in tomographic mode after
      administration of MAA-99Tcm-containing dialysate is a valuable adjunct for
      evaluation of patients undergoing intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

PMID- 3880502
TI  - [Application of Farnsworth D-15 Hue test].

PMID- 3880503
TI  - [The epidemiological survey of blindness in Guangdong, China].

PMID- 3880504
TI  - [Study and characterization of lipid factors that inhibit cellular proliferation
      in MCG3 rat T lymphoma].
AB  - Lipid factors that inhibit cellular proliferation have been detected in MCG3
      cells, a T lymphoma of B10 mouse. The inhibiting effect is cytostatic, non
      cytotoxic, reversible and lacks species and tissue-specificity. These lipids have
      been isolated by Thin Layer Chromatography (chloroform:methanol:water, 60:38:8)
      showing an Rf100 between 36 and 42, similar to that shown by gangliosides and
      phosphatidylinositol.

PMID- 3880505
TI  - [Epidemiologic aspects of Hansen's disease at the 10th Regional Health Department
      (DRS/10) of Presidente Prudente, State of Sao Paulo, in December of 1984].
AB  - This paper relates the epidemiological situation of hanseniasis at the Health
      Region of Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. It was observed a high
      percentage from 1974 to nowadays, of diagnosed early forms of the disease (I). In
      1984 were diagnosed 132 patients, V and D cases 36 (27.28%), I cases 62 (46.96%)
      and T cases 34 (25.15%). The rate of incidence in 1984 was 0.19% and the rate of
      prevalence was 1.83.

PMID- 3880506
TI  - The reorientation of the Golgi apparatus and the microtubule-organizing center in
      the cytotoxic effector cell is a prerequisite in the lysis of bound target cells.
AB  - This investigation is concerned with the detailed mechanisms of cytotoxicity, and
      in particular, with early cell surface and intracellular events that occur upon
      the binding of a cytotoxic effector cell to its susceptible target. In earlier
      studies, we have shown by immunofluorescence microscopy that when cloned natural
      killer (NK) and cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) cells bind to susceptible target
      cells, a rapid and coordinate reorientation of the perinuclear Golgi apparatus
      and the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) occurs inside the effector cell so
      that the two organelles face the bound target. It was proposed that the purpose
      served by this reorientation is to direct Golgi-derived secretory vesicles,
      containing one or more cytotoxic components, to the area of target cell binding.
      In order to establish more firmly that this reorientation of the two organelles
      is an essential early event in cytotoxicity, we have performed three different
      types of experiments. 1) Upon binding cloned effector cells to susceptible
      targets in the presence of Mg+2 but absence of Ca+2, conditions in which no
      killing occurs, we found that no reorientation of the MTOC in the effector cell
      is induced; however, the addition of CA+2 to these cell couples results in a
      rapid MTOC reorientation. 2) With a lysis-defective subclone derived from a
      cytolytic NK clone, binding to target cells did not induce an MTOC reorientation
      in the defective killer cell. 3) In multitarget conjugates formed with single
      CTL, the MTOC in the CTL was oriented to face that one target cell which was in
      the process of lysis at the time. These results, together with our earlier
      findings, strongly indicate that a Golgi/MTOC reorientation inside the target
      bound effector cell is a pre-requisite for the effective lysis of the target.
      They also reveal the existence, previously unrecognized, of a specific signaling
      mechanism from the viable target cell to the effector cell, which must be
      involved in the triggering of this Golgi/MTOC reorientation. These conclusions
      are consistent with the proposal that a polar cytotoxic secretory mechanism is
      responsible for target cell lysis.

PMID- 3880507
TI  - Human and murine interleukin 1 possess sequence and structural similarities.
AB  - The molecular cloning and sequence analysis for human and murine interleukin 1
      precursor have recently been described. Comparison of the amino acid sequences
      resulting from these data can be used to aid in the identification of conserved
      regions essential to biological activity. We report results which confirm the
      relationship between these two molecules and suggest that specific regions may be
      essential for activity. Amino terminal sequence analysis of a 19,000 Mr
      biologically active IL-1 isolated from stimulated human monocytes reveals a
      sequence which is in good agreement with that inferred from the human cDNA and,
      furthermore, locates the processed amino terminus at a site similar to that
      described for the murine sequence.

PMID- 3880508
TI  - The role of immunoglobulin and B cells in T cell ontogeny and repertoire
      formation--a commentary.

PMID- 3880509
TI  - Are xid B lymphocytes representative of any normal B cell population. A
      commentary.

PMID- 3880510
TI  - Limiting dilution analysis of induced unresponsiveness to trinitrophenyl:
      increased suppression of cytotoxic T precursor cells at unchanged frequencies.
AB  - In this paper we address the problem of tolerance in the immune system. We are
      discussing results of experiments that we designed to distinguish between the two
      major alternative hypotheses that have been invoked for immunological tolerance:
      clonal deletion/anergy versus suppression. These alternative hypotheses make
      essentially different predictions with respect to the frequencies of lymphocytes
      that react with antigens to which the immune system is tolerant: clonal deletion
      models predict reduced frequencies, whereas in suppression models precursors of
      effector cells are postulated to occur at frequencies similar to the nontolerant
      situation. We investigate these questions by limiting dilution analyses of
      cytotoxic T cell precursors (CTLP), using two different ways to activate them
      into functional cytotoxic cells (CTL): polyclonally by Concanavalin A (ConA) and
      specifically by antigen. Tolerance should be apparent in either protocol since
      neither antigen nor ConA usually activates self-reactive cytotoxic cells.
      Moreover, in addition to providing information on precursor frequencies, the
      multihit results usually obtained in limiting dilution experiments of ConA
      activated T cells allow the determination of quantitative and qualitative
      parameters of suppression. In addition, clonal anergy situations could be
      expected to become apparent by a differential sensitivity of precursors to
      activation with ConA and with antigen. As experimental system we chose the
      induced unresponsiveness of mice to trinitrophenyl (TNP) achieved by intravenous
      injection of reactive trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) and measured in a
      primary cytotoxic response to TNP-coupled syngeneic cells (TNP-SC). An equally
      specific but perhaps not identical form of unresponsiveness is induced by
      coupling the responder cell population with TNBS in vitro. Although we do not
      propose that this model ideally reflects all aspects of self tolerance, we think
      that in this particular system of induced unresponsiveness the antigen becomes
      associated with the surfaces of a large proportion of the cells of the body.
      Therefore, tolerance to widely expressed cell surface determinants might be quite
      adequately "simulated" by this experimental unresponsiveness. In our limiting
      dilution experiments we can distinguish between frequent and infrequent cytotoxic
      precursors which correspond to virgin and memory cells, respectively. For the
      frequent CTLP the situation is quite clear: they occur at essentially equal
      frequencies in normal and tolerant mice, as demonstrated by their reactivity to
      antigen at low cell densities. However, they are under the influence of a
      suppressive activity which is strongly increased when compared to that of normal
      mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3880511
TI  - The dopamine autoreceptor agonist B-HT 920 markedly stimulates sexual behavior in
      male rats.
AB  - B-HT 920, a selective agonist at dopamine (DA) autoreceptors, strongly increased
      the incidence of penile erections (PE) in male rats, an effect which was dose
      related and antagonized by haloperidol. B-HT 920 at 100 and 200 micrograms/kg
      i.p. significantly altered the copulatory pattern of sexually active male rats,
      reducing the number of mounts and intromissions as well as the latency to the
      first ejaculation, a stimulant effect which was confirmed in sluggish males at a
      dose of 100 micrograms/kg.

PMID- 3880513
TI  - Fundamentals of magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) is a new method for obtaining high quality tomographic
      images of potentially greater pathophysiologic specificity than conventional
      imaging methods. The basic concepts necessary for understanding MR
      instrumentation and image interpretation are outlined. A fundamental knowledge of
      MR is needed to appreciate future clinical applications.

PMID- 3880512
TI  - Topical retinoid treatment for various dry-eye disorders.
AB  - We evaluated the clinical efficacy of treating various dry-eye disorders using
      0.01% and 0.1% (weight/weight) topical all-trans retinoic acid ointment. Twenty
      two patients were selected and classified into four major groups:
      keratoconjunctivitis sicca (6 patients; 11 eyes), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (9
      patients; 17 eyes), ocular pemphigoid or drug-induced pseudopemphigoid (3
      patients; 6 eyes), and surgery or radiation-induced dry eye (4 patients; 4 eyes),
      based on the criterion that they remained symptomatic even under maximum
      tolerable conventional medical and/or surgical therapies. The results indicated
      that squamous metaplasia with mucin deficiency secondary to goblet cell loss and
      keratinization may be the basis for the development of clinical symptoms and
      morbidities, as these epithelial abnormalities were invariably present before
      treatment. After treatment, all patients demonstrated clinical improvements in
      symptoms, visual acuity, rose Bengal staining, or Schirmer test. Most
      importantly, this topical vitamin A treatment caused the reversal of squamous
      metaplasia as evidenced by impression cytology. Therefore, this treatment may
      represent the first nonsurgical attempt to treat these disorders by reversing
      diseased ocular surface epithelium.

PMID- 3880514
TI  - The significance of receptor physiology for corticosterone-induced cleft palate
      in A/J mice.
AB  - Mean plasma corticosterone levels of A/J mice rise from nonpregnant levels of
      20.4 micrograms % to 40.6 micrograms % on day 11 and 167.11 micrograms % on day
      14 of pregnancy. These changes in mean steroid levels are associated with
      proportionally increased diurnal swings. This suggests that the control
      mechanisms for diurnal swings respond in a proportional, rather than an absolute,
      way in regulating plasma hormone levels. Large diurnal hormone swings may be
      teratogenic or facilitate teratogenesis. The rules of receptor physiology may
      have wide application to the understanding of teratogenic risk.

PMID- 3880515
TI  - Timing cleft palate closure--age should not be the sole determinant.
AB  - Attainment of normal speech, facial and palatal development, and dental occlusion
      is possible without compromising one objective for another. Although speech
      development may benefit from early palatal closure, there are instances when
      cleft closure should be postponed to a later age to permit conservative palatal
      surgery. Increase in palatal size with the spontaneous narrowing of the cleft
      space can occur early, late, or not at all, and, in rare instances, the cleft may
      even widen. Nonphysiological surgery causes facial and palatal maldevelopment by
      extensive undermining and displacement of mucoperiosteum, fracture of bone, or
      destruction of blood supply. To avoid these consequences, timing of palatal
      closure should be related to the anatomical and functional assets in the
      individual and not determined by age alone. Serial studies of 36 unilateral
      (UCLP) and 29 bilateral (BCLP) cleft lip and palate cases with good speech
      demonstrated that conservative palatal surgery is conducive to good speech as
      well as palate and facial development. Speech appliances may be necessary as an
      interim device after 2 years of age.

PMID- 3880516
TI  - Determination of methyl benzoquate in poultry feedingstuffs using high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3880517
TI  - Presence of an amphipathic helical segment and its relationship to biological
      potency of calcitonin analogs.
AB  - The conformational properties of a number of calcitonin analogs were studied by
      circular dichroism. The ability of dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol,
      lysophosphatidylcholine or sodium dodecyl sulfate to induce the formation of more
      highly ordered structures in these peptides was also assessed by circular
      dichroism. In all cases sodium dodecyl sulfate induced the largest change in the
      circular dichroism spectra of the peptides. Salmon calcitonin and its analogs
      were slightly more helical in the presence of the anionic phospholipid than in
      the presence of the zwitterionic detergent lysophosphatidylcholine while the
      reverse is true for human calcitonin and its analogs. Some of the calcitonin
      analogs convert turbid suspensions of phosphatidylglycerol to a clear solution
      from which the phospholipid is no longer readily sedimentable by centrifugation.
      Several of the physical properties of these peptides could be correlated with
      their biological activity. Generally peptides which showed no hypocalcemic
      activity had the least negative mean residue ellipticities at 222 nm. Only
      biologically active analogs were able quantitatively to solubilize dimyristoyl
      phosphatidylglycerol and in this solubilized form the peptides have a higher
      helical content. More active derivatives exhibit larger increases in helix
      content in the presence of this phospholipid. Inactive analogs had the least
      negative mean residue ellipticities at 222 nm in the presence of
      lysophosphatidylcholine or sodium dodecyl sulfate. Thus, the ability of a
      calcitonin analog to form structures of higher helical content in the presence of
      amphiphiles is a requirement for the analog to exhibit high potency in assays of
      biological activity.

PMID- 3880518
TI  - The effects of vertebral artery injections of an enkephalin analogue, (D
      Met2,Pro5)-enkephalinamide, on somatosympathetic reflexes.
AB  - The present study was initiated to test the effects of intravertebral arterial
      injection of an enkephalin analogue (D-Met2,Pro5)-enkephalinamide on
      somatosympathetic responses to myelinated A afferent and to unmyelinated C
      afferent stimulation (A- and C-reflex, respectively). In anesthetized cats, 0.5
      mg/kg administered directly into the vertebral artery, the artery supplying most
      of the cat brain stem and upper cervical spinal cord, depressed both the A- and C
      reflex (to 66 and 64% of control, respectively) while intravenous or carotid
      arterial injections did not have any effect on these reflexes. It is suggested
      that intravertebral arterial administration may be a useful method of restricting
      the effective sites of delivery of biologically active compounds to areas of the
      brain supplied by this artery.

PMID- 3880519
TI  - The twenty-fifth anniversary of valve replacement: a time for reflection.

PMID- 3880520
TI  - Acute coronary occlusion always results in death--or does it? The observations of
      William T. Porter.

PMID- 3880521
TI  - Effect of bepridil in patients with chronic stable angina: results of a
      multicenter trial.
AB  - The effects of bepridil, a calcium antagonist with a half-life of approximately
      42 hr, were assessed in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover
      trial. Forty-four patients (39 men, five women) with exercise-induced angina
      pectoris and ST segment depression with exercise testing (modified Bruce
      protocol) were studied. Compared with placebo bepridil (400 mg daily) increased
      total exercise time, time to onset of angina, time to 1 mm of ST segment
      depression, time to 2 mm of ST segment depression, and total work achieved (all p
      less than or equal to .001). Both frequency of angina and nitroglycerin
      consumption decreased during the bepridil compared with the placebo period (p =
      .02 and .03, respectively). Minor side effects were noted during both the
      bepridil and placebo phases. Four patients experienced side effects that limited
      therapy (dizziness in three and abnormal results of liver function tests in one)
      and one patient died during the bepridil phase. This study suggests that
      bepridil, 400 mg daily, is effective for the treatment of exercise-induced
      myocardial ischemia and angina pectoris.

PMID- 3880522
TI  - Progression to renal failure after nephrotoxic nephritis in rats studied by renal
      transplantation.
AB  - We studied the relation between immunopathology and progressive renal failure
      after nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN) in rats. Thirty days after induction of
      nephritis by injection of rabbit anti-rat nephrotoxic serum, pairs of kidneys
      from 13 nephritic rats were transplanted into separate syngeneic recipients, one
      of whom had been pre-immunized with rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) whilst the
      other was naive. Progression to renal failure of the transplanted nephritic
      kidney was studied after removal of the recipient's own kidneys; results from
      right and left kidney from a single donor in pre-immunized and naive recipients
      were compared. There were substantial differences in autologous anti-rabbit IgG
      titres in naive and preimmunized recipients; despite this pairs of kidneys from
      the same donor had almost identical courses as assessed by proteinuria, serum
      creatinine and graft survival. There was substantial variation in survival of
      kidneys from different donors. But there were very strong correlations of graft
      survival with proteinuria (r = 0.97, t = 4.443, P less than 0.001) and reciprocal
      serum creatinine (r = 0.95, t = 4.32, P less than 0.001) in donors shortly before
      transplantation. We conclude that autologous antibody titres did not influence
      the progression to renal failure after nephrotoxic nephritis. The rate of
      progression was already determined at the time of transplantation.

PMID- 3880523
TI  - Evidence of parasympathetic activity of the angiotensin converting enzyme
      inhibitor, captopril, in normotensive man.
AB  - Captopril (50 mg orally) produced a significant fall in systolic and diastolic
      blood pressure in six normotensive sodium replete subjects, without a rise in
      heart rate. On captopril, there was no change in the expected normal increase in
      heart rate on standing. Supine plasma noradrenaline was not reduced by captopril
      and normal postural increases were maintained. Atropine (0.04 mg/kg i.v.) reduced
      the difference in blood pressure change between captopril and placebo. Facial
      immersion in water produced a bradycardia. This change was abolished by atropine
      and attenuated both by captopril and edrophonium (10 mg i.v.), a cholinesterase
      inhibitor. Lying down after 6 min standing produced an immediate transient
      tachycardia, which was abolished by atropine and attenuated by captopril. Blood
      pressure and heart rate rose after a cold pressor test on both captopril and
      placebo. The tachycardia during the Valsalva manoeuvre was inhibited by
      edrophonium and to a lesser extent by captopril. The effects of captopril and
      edrophonium were additive. Parasympathetic activity of captopril may contribute
      to its haemodynamic profile.

PMID- 3880524
TI  - Selective inhibition of renal thromboxane biosynthesis increased sodium excretion
      rate in normal and saline-loaded rats.
AB  - The excretion rates of renal thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-ketoPGF1 alpha, the
      stable chemical metabolites of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2)
      respectively, PGE2 and sodium were determined in normal and saline-loaded rats
      treated with the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor imidazole. In normal rats the
      administration of imidazole in doses which did not affect renal 6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      and PGE2 excretion but selectively inhibited renal TXB2 excretion, significantly
      increased the sodium excretion rate. Volume expansion with saline increased renal
      PGE2 and 6-ketoPGF1 alpha excretion but did not alter renal TXB2 excretion. The
      increase in renal prostaglandin excretion was accompanied by an increased sodium
      excretion rate. The administration of imidazole to saline-loaded animals also
      decreased renal TXB2 excretion but did not alter the increased excretion of renal
      PGE2 and 6-ketoPGF1 alpha. This reduction in renal thromboxane biosynthesis by
      imidazole further increased the sodium excretion rate. We suggest that TXA2 is a
      potent antinatriuretic factor as well as the most potent vasoconstrictor agent
      known.

PMID- 3880525
TI  - Self-management programs for childhood asthma. A review.

PMID- 3880526
TI  - Mast cell mediators in the blood of patients with asthma.
AB  - Mast cell activation occurs in allergic asthma and may play a role in a variety
      of nonallergic asthmatic states. The defined mast cell constituent histamine has
      been identified in blood of antigen-sensitive challenged asthma patients, while
      other mediators, whose cell of origin is not fully defined, accompany this amine
      in blood (Table 1). Due to technical difficulty in accurate assessment, the rapid
      metabolism of various constituents, and the need for biologic rather than
      chemical assay of some mediators, it is not yet possible to assess blood
      constituents for the unequivocal attribution of asthma to activation of a
      particular cell type. Likewise, the usefulness of blood studies in the prediction
      of the course of asthma or as serial measurements to define the severity of
      asthma remains limited. However, it is only with analysis of the appropriate
      biologic fluids, blood and/or bronchoalveolar lavage materials, that it will be
      possible to define which potential mediators are, in fact, present and active in
      asthma. Until such analysis is completed, it is not possible to assign a function
      in this disease to the numerous potent inflammatory mediators known to be active
      in in vitro or in vivo models of asthma.

PMID- 3880527
TI  - Mast cell mediators and asthma.

PMID- 3880528
TI  - Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of asthma. Clinical evaluation--allergy
      and immunology.

PMID- 3880529
TI  - Advances in the use of inhalation provocation tests in clinical evaluation.
AB  - Recent advances in the use of inhalation provocation tests in the clinical
      evaluation of asthma have been made with methacholine and histamine tests. The
      tests can be better standardized and the results more accurately interpreted. The
      ease of stimulation of bronchoconstriction by methacholine and histamine
      (bronchial responsiveness) relates closely to the presence and the degree of
      variable airflow obstruction that occurs spontaneously or is triggered by natural
      stimuli. Responsiveness can be heightened by bronchial infection and by exposure
      to allergens or sensitizing chemicals, such as toluene diisocyanate, and can be
      reduced by treatment. These observations indicate three uses of the tests in
      clinical practice. First, they can be used to validate the presence of
      hyperresponsiveness which, when spirometric study is normal, is synonymous with
      the presence of asthma. Second, they can be used to quantify the severity of
      hyperresponsiveness which relates closely to the amount of bronchodilator
      required to treat asthma. Finally, they can be used to measure a change in
      responsiveness, which is useful to document occupational asthma (defined as
      hyperresponsiveness caused by materials at work), and to optimize the treatment
      required to reverse or reduce hyperresponsiveness as much as possible.

PMID- 3880530
TI  - Allergens that cause asthma. Identification and quantification.

PMID- 3880531
TI  - Precipitating factors in asthma. Aspirin, sulfites, and other drugs and
      chemicals.
AB  - Several types of reactions to drugs and chemicals may precipitate or perpetuate
      asthmatic relapse. This review focuses on reactions to aspirin and sulfites.
      Approximately 40 percent of patients with rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, and
      asthma and 5 to 10 percent of all asthmatic patients are sensitive to aspirin and
      aspirin-like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at some time in their course. A
      prudent recommendation to all asthmatics is to substitute acetaminophen for
      aspirin. When aspirin/aspirin-like drug is essential for treatment of
      cardiovascular or musculoskeletal disorder, desensitization by cautious oral
      challenges with graded doses of aspirin can be accomplished. Treatment of the
      respiratory disorder per se by desensitization followed by daily therapeutic
      aspirin remains investigational. Sulfur dioxide and sulfites, commonly used as
      sanitizers and preservatives of foods and pharmaceuticals, may precipitate acute
      asthma in 5 percent or more of asthmatic patients. When the history suggests
      sulfite sensitivity, challenges can be used to confirm sensitivity and the
      patient counseled in avoidance of these chemicals.

PMID- 3880532
TI  - Special features of asthma in children.
AB  - Asthma in children has many special features which deserve consideration. This
      disease is probably underdiagnosed and is often undertreated. Vague, persistent
      respiratory symptoms, especially chronic cough, may often be due to asthma.
      Chronic bronchitis is extremely rare in the pediatric patient and is a
      manifestation of reactive airway disease or cystic fibrosis. The absolute
      severity, the extent of the disease, responses to treatment, and long-term course
      should be evaluated by repeated pulmonary function tests. Fortunately, asthma
      responds well to pharmacologic and supportive therapy, and it is important to
      approach its management as that of a chronic rather than episodic illness.
      Therapy should include comprehensive, closely supervised drug therapy, health
      education, and a program of self-management. Asthma usually starts before
      youngsters enter school, and the majority get better as they get older.
      Nevertheless, many children with moderate or severe asthma will continue to be
      troubled by intermittent or chronic airway obstruction into adulthood, and they
      require long-term, anticipatory treatment programs. Comprehensive care will
      optimize the quality of life for the affected children and their families, and it
      will minimize the discomfort and restrictions to which some of them have been
      subjected unnecessarily. Asthma in childhood, especially when not well
      controlled, may constitute a risk factor for the development of chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease in adulthood; however, this is as yet only
      suspected and not proved.

PMID- 3880533
TI  - Role of immunotherapy in asthma.

PMID- 3880534
TI  - The use of corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma.

PMID- 3880535
TI  - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
AB  - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) occurs as a complication of
      asthma. It presents as an infiltrative pulmonary disorder with respiratory and
      systemic symptoms, eosinophilia, elevated total serum IgE, and skin sensitizing,
      as well as precipitating antibodies to Aspergillus fumigatus. Sputum cultures are
      not always positive for the organism. If unchecked, the disease may lead to
      bronchiectasis and ultimately pulmonary fibrosis. Therapy consists mainly of
      corticosteroids.

PMID- 3880536
TI  - Status asthmaticus.

PMID- 3880537
TI  - The effect of age and glucose concentration on insulin secretion by the isolated
      perfused rat pancreas.
AB  - Age changes in the beta-cell's sensitivity to glucose as well as in its overall
      capacity to secrete insulin may play a part in the glucose intolerance of aging.
      The isolated perfused rat pancreas preparation was used to study the effect of
      age and glucose level on insulin secretion. Overnight-fasted male Wistar 12- and
      23-month-old rats had basal plasma glucose levels of 106 +/- 4 (SE) and 100 +/- 4
      mg/dl. Perfusate glucose levels were raised from 80 mg/dl to either 150, 220, or
      360 mg/dl for 50 min (n = 6 to 8 in each group). Insulin secretion followed the
      typical biphasic pattern of an early spike and fall, followed by a sustained
      gradual increase at both ages. First-phase (0-10 min) insulin secretion in the
      old rats was significantly lower at 150 (184 vs. 524 microU/min, P less than
      0.05) and 220 mg/dl (327 vs. 644 microU/min, P less than 0.05), while it was
      nearly identical at 360 mg/dl. Although lower in the old rats, second-phase (11
      50 min) insulin secretion was not statistically significantly different for each
      glucose level. When first- and second-phase insulin secretion rates were
      combined, the old rats' insulin secretion was only lower at the 150 mg/dl level
      (248 vs. 426 microU/min, P less than 0.05). Thus, at the more physiological
      glucose level, old rats showed a significantly lower response, while at the
      higher levels insulin secretion was similar. This diminishing age effect with
      increasing glucose dose suggests a defect in islet sensitivity to glucose rather
      than a diminished capacity to secrete insulin.

PMID- 3880538
TI  - Effects of estradiol on insulin receptor distribution in primary cultures of
      R3230AC mammary adenocarcinoma of the rat.
AB  - The influence of 17 beta-estradiol on insulin receptor distribution was studied
      in primary cultures of R3230AC mammary tumors prepared from intact or
      ovariectomized Fischer rats. [125I] Insulin binding to plasma membrane (IRS) and
      to solubilized cells (IRt) was measured, and intracellular insulin binding (IRi)
      was calculated by the difference between the two; calculated IRi agreed well with
      measured IRi of solubilized cells that were pretreated with trypsin to remove
      IRs. Scatchard analysis of saturation studies on IRs and IRt displayed typical
      curvilinearity and were roughly parallel with comparable Ke and Kd values for
      high affinity sites, but tumors from ovariectomized rats displayed more sites per
      cell. Insulin receptors relative to time in culture showed an early decline in
      IRt and IRs for both types of cells, followed by a gradual return to similar IRt
      values; in both types of cells, however, the proportion of IRs was increased
      compared to their initial distribution. Cells from both types of host animals
      displayed an insulin dose-related down-regulation with both IRt and IRs
      decreased. Short exposure (24 h) to 17 beta-estradiol in vitro also reduced IRs
      and IRt, but to a lesser extent than insulin, whereas longer exposure to
      estradiol (48 h) caused a continued reduction in IRs but not IRt. Compared to
      cells exposed to estradiol for 24 h in vitro, cultured cells treated with
      progesterone demonstrated an increased IRs, a marginal effect upon exposure to
      higher doses of testosterone, and reduced IRt, IRs, and IRi in response to
      dexamethasone. Monohydroxytamoxifen, an antiestrogen, displayed an unusual
      pattern, inducing a reduction in IRt and IRs at the lower doses but not at the
      higher doses studied. Degradation of [125I]insulin was examined in cells that
      were insulin down-regulated in the absence or presence of various levels of
      estradiol; the steroid hormone appeared to reduce degradation of [125I]insulin
      when lower levels of insulin were employed. The presence of estradiol in the
      medium enhanced the reappearance of IRt during the first 10 h after removal of
      the insulin that caused down-regulation. In conjunction with our previous
      observations in vivo, we conclude that 1) estradiol in vitro can decrease (down
      regulate) insulin receptors on the plasma membrane of R3230AC mammary tumors; 2)
      the steroid may reduce degradation of internalized [125I]insulin; and 3) the
      steroid may enhance insulin receptor reappearance after insulin down-regulation.
      These estrogen-insulin interactions could play a role in the regulation of growth
      and metabolism of this hormone-responsive experimental mammary carcinoma.

PMID- 3880539
TI  - Effects of hypophysectomy and cell isolation on the transport of L-arabinose by
      adipocytes.
AB  - Hypophysectomy decreased the basal rate of glucose metabolism in segments of
      epididymal fat studied in vitro and lowered their maximum capacity to use
      glucose. However, hypophysectomy changed neither the sensitivity to insulin nor
      the magnitude of the response when the results were expressed relative to the
      basal rate of glucose metabolism. Adipocytes isolated from both hypophysectomized
      and normal rats exhibited a higher basal rate of glucose metabolism than cells
      remaining in situ in the contralateral tissues, but this consequence of cell
      isolation was more pronounced for adipocytes of hypophysectomized than normal
      rats. Glucose metabolism could not be further increased by exposure of the
      adipocytes of hypophysectomized rats to insulin, whereas insulin produced a 3-to
      5-fold stimulation of glucose oxidation in normal adipocytes. The effects of
      insulin and hypophysectomy on the transport of the nonmetabolizable sugar L-[1
      14C]arabinose in tissue segments and isolated adipocytes were also studied.
      Uptake of L-arabinose was usually more rapid in segments of epididymal fat of
      normal rats than in segments of tissue obtained from hypophysectomized rats and
      was significantly accelerated by insulin in both groups. Uptake of L-arabinose
      was more rapid than normal in adipocytes isolated from hypophysectomized rats
      and, like glucose metabolism, could not be accelerated by insulin. The same
      concentration of insulin markedly promoted arabinose uptake in normal adipocytes.
      Efflux of L-arabinose from segments of tissue from hypophysectomized rats was
      twice as rapid as that from normal tissue and, in contrast with the rate of
      efflux from normal tissues, was not accelerated by insulin. The data suggest that
      in the absence of pituitary secretion, sugar transport in the adipocyte membrane
      may be asymmetrical. The data also support the view that hypophysectomy renders
      adipocytes more susceptible than normal to the cell isolation procedure which
      maximally accelerates glucose utilization and inward transport of arabinose in
      these cells.

PMID- 3880540
TI  - The effect of calcium-regulating hormones and prostaglandins on bone resorption
      by osteoclasts disaggregated from neonatal rabbit bones.
AB  - It has previously only been possible to assess osteoclastic bone resorption in
      intact bone, where other cell types may modify or mediate osteoclastic responses
      to environmental agents. We have recently developed techniques which enable us to
      measure bone resorption by osteoclasts extracted from bone and have used these
      techniques to assess the effects of prostaglandins (PGs) and calcium-regulating
      hormones on bone resorption by these cells. Osteoclasts were mechanically
      disaggregated from neonatal rabbit long bones and cultured on slices of
      devitalized cortical bone for 8 or 24 h. After this time, osteoclasts were
      associated with the appearance in the scanning electron microscope of
      characteristic resorption pits, the volume of which was calculated by computer
      assisted morphometric and stereophotogrammetric techniques after removal of
      cells. Salmon calcitonin inhibited osteoclastic bone resorption at concentrations
      of 1 pg/ml and above, while PTH and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were without
      significant effect. This suggests that the latter hormones do not increase bone
      resorption in intact bone through a direct effect on osteoclasts. PGI2, PGE1, and
      PGE2, all of which are known to stimulate resorption when added to intact bone,
      paradoxically reduced resorption in our cultures. It appears likely that PGs act
      as direct inhibitors of osteoclastic bone resorption but have an additional
      effect on other cells in bone, which are induced by PGs to cause osteoclastic
      stimulation.

PMID- 3880541
TI  - Monosodium glutamate and pituitary gland luteinizing hormone (LH) release in
      response to LH-releasing hormone: an in vitro study.
AB  - We studied whether an increase in the basal LH release rate and/or the anterior
      pituitary gland (APG) LH response to LHRH is involved in maintaining normal or
      near-normal serum LH levels in monosodium L-glutamate (MSG)-treated rats which
      have small APGs for their body weight. Female rats were injected with MSG (4 mg/g
      BW) or saline on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 after birth (day of birth = 0). At 8-9
      weeks of age, saline-treated and MSG-treated rats were ovariectomized, and 7 days
      later, they were decapitated. Trunk blood was collected from 18 controls and 19
      MSG-treated rats, and serum LH concentrations were measured by RIA. APGs were
      bisected and each hemi-APG was placed in culture medium for a 30-min
      preincubation period, followed by two 30-min incubation periods during which
      water or 10 or 30 ng LHRH were added to the medium. Despite the fact that the
      APGs of the MSG-treated rats were half the size of those of the saline-treated
      rats, the serum LH levels in the 2 groups were not different. Basal LH release
      rates (the response to water) and LHRH-induced LH release per mg APG were
      increased in MSG-treated rats. Calculation of the basal LH release rates and LHRH
      induced LH release on the basis of the entire weights of the APGs showed no
      differences between the MSG-treated rats and the controls. In 6 additional
      control and 6 additional MSG-treated rats, the APG LH concentration was measured
      and was not different between the 2 groups. The results suggest that increases in
      both the basal LH release rate per mg APG and the amount of LH released per mg
      APG in response to LHRH are of importance in the maintenance of normal or near
      normal serum LH concentrations in MSG-treated rats with small APGs.

PMID- 3880542
TI  - Angiotensinogen production and consumption in the adrenalectomized rat.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which angiotensinogen
      decreases after adrenalectomy. Plasma angiotensinogen was measured by two
      different methods: an indirect assay, which measures angiotensin I liberated from
      the plasma by an excess of renin, and a direct RIA, which measures both
      angiotensinogen and des-angiotensin I-angiotensinogen. In the normal rat
      angiotensinogen concentrations were found to be slightly, but not significantly,
      higher using the direct assay. After adrenalectomy a large discrepancy was
      observed between the indirect assay, which showed a considerable drop in plasma
      angiotensinogen levels, and the direct assay, which revealed a small but
      significant decrease. This discrepancy arose from the presence of a molecule that
      cross-reacts with angiotensinogen antibodies, and has a more acidic pI in
      isoelectric focusing than angiotensinogen: des-angiotensin I-angiotensinogen.
      This molecule accumulates in adrenalectomized rat plasma. The decrease in plasma
      angiotensinogen levels, measured by the indirect assay, could not be explained by
      a decrease in angiotensinogen production, as this was unchanged in the in vitro
      liver slice system, but was caused by an increase in angiotensinogen consumption,
      due to a rise in the plasma concentration of renin. Renin concentration shows a
      negative correlation with angiotensinogen (as measured by the indirect assay),
      and a positive correlation with des-angiotensin I-angiotensinogen level.
      Moreover, mineralocorticoids were shown to correct both renin and angiotensinogen
      concentrations, whereas a replacement dose of glucocorticoids (dexamethasone) had
      no effect on the level of renin or angiotensinogen, as measured by the indirect
      assay. We conclude that after adrenalectomy, plasma angiotensinogen decreases,
      due to an increase in renin production. A parallel accumulation of des
      angiotensin I-angiotensinogen is observed.

PMID- 3880543
TI  - Characterization of the effect of insulin on collagen synthesis in fetal rat
      bone.
AB  - We characterized the effect of insulin on collagen synthesis in 21-day-old fetal
      rat calvaria maintained in organ culture. All experiments were done in the
      presence of 100 mg/dl glucose and 3 mM phosphate, which were found to be optimal
      concentrations for insulin responsiveness. All concentrations of insulin tested
      (1 nM to 1 microM) increased the percentage of collagen being synthesized in the
      central bone, whereas only high concentrations of hormone (100 nM to 1 microM)
      increased the percentage of collagen being synthesized in periosteum. Insulin at
      3 nM increased the labeling of type I collagen in the central bone, but did not
      alter the labeling of type I or III collagen in the periosteum. Proinsulin was
      approximately 10-100 times less effective than insulin in stimulating collagen
      synthesis, whereas porcine relaxin and C-peptide were ineffective. Insulin did
      not enhance the deposition of newly synthesized collagen in the bone by a
      mechanism that involved decreasing the degradation of collagen. To determine
      whether insulin enhanced collagen synthesis by increasing the replication of
      collagen-synthesizing cells, we tested the effect of insulin in the presence of
      hydroxyurea, a DNA synthesis inhibitor. Hydroxyurea at 1 mM had little effect on
      collagen synthesis in control cultures or those treated with 1 or 10 nM insulin.
      However, hydroxyurea blunted the stimulation of collagen synthesis that occurred
      at higher concentrations of insulin. These experiments suggest that insulin at
      physiological levels appears to increase bone collagen synthesis by a direct
      effect on the osteoblast, whereas insulin at high concentrations has an
      additional action to increase the replication of collagen-synthesizing cells.

PMID- 3880544
TI  - Chicken egg white genes: multihormonal regulation in a primary cell culture
      system.
AB  - A primary cell culture from estrogen-withdrawn chicken oviduct has been developed
      in which the genes for the major egg white proteins, ovalbumin and conalbumin,
      are induced by steroid hormones. The responsiveness of the isolated cells depends
      on the combination of enzymes employed to dissociate the oviduct; trypsin and
      pronase are essential. Administration of estradiol to cultured cells is
      insufficient to induce ovalbumin mRNA (mRNAov) to levels achieved in vivo. Both
      insulin and a second steroid (a glucocorticoid, progestin, or androgen) are
      required for the induction of the ovalbumin gene by estradiol to the extent
      reached in vivo. Although low levels of a progestin or androgen can synergize
      with estradiol to obtain an induction of mRNAov, we have demonstrated that a
      physiological concentration of corticosterone (10(-8) M) potentiates a large
      response to estradiol without causing an induction when added alone. When
      estradiol, corticosterone, and insulin are present in the culture medium, mRNAov
      increases from about 20 to 6500 molecules/cell by 55 h. With the same culture
      conditions, conalbumin mRNA increases from about 120 to 4300 molecules/cell by 52
      h. After about 55 h, the level of egg white mRNAs decreases, and this reduction
      in mRNAov correlates with a diminished transcription of that gene. The data
      obtained with the cultured cells demonstrate that the induction of the ovalbumin
      gene requires the permissive effects of insulin and a second steroid (probably a
      glucocorticoid in vivo) to facilitate the response to estradiol.

PMID- 3880545
TI  - In vitro gonadotropin-releasing hormone release from hypothalamic tissues of
      ovariectomized estrogen-treated cynomolgus macaques.
AB  - The effects of in vivo 17 beta-estradiol (E2) treatment on in vitro GnRH release
      and serum LH levels were studied to determine the loci of E2 feedback actions and
      to examine the hypothalamic mechanisms by which this steroid may regulate LH
      secretion in monkeys. Ovariectomized cynomolgus macaques received sc Silastic
      capsule implants containing E2 and were killed 12, 36, 42, or 48 h later. At
      least one control (CTL) animal received a blank implant and was killed
      concurrently with each E2-treated monkey. Three untreated animals were used in
      validation experiments. Before death, each animal was anesthetized with ketamine
      (15 mg/kg, im), and blood samples were drawn for subsequent LH analysis by Leydig
      cell bioassay. A diencephalic tissue block was obtained at autopsy and
      immediately immersed in Krebs-Ringer-phosphate medium (KRP). Mediobasal
      hypothalamic (MBH) and anterior hypothalamic/preoptic (AH/POA) fragments were
      quickly dissected from the block and placed in separate superfusion chambers
      maintained at 37 C. Tissues were superfused at 50 microliter/min with KRP, and 10
      min fractions were collected, acidified, and stored at -20 C for subsequent GnRH
      RIA. Basal immunoreactive GnRH (IR-GnRH) release was measurable from MBH (0.367
      +/- 0.063 pg/min) and AH/POA (0.176 +/- 0.065 pg/min) fragments from CTL monkeys.
      In validation experiments, IR-GnRH release was increased 3- to 7-fold by
      superfusion with 60 mM K+-KRP only in the presence of Ca+2. Superfusate IR-GnRH
      coeluted with synthetic GnRH from a Sephadex G-25 chromatographic column, and
      superfusate and tissue extract GnRH showed appropriate LH-releasing capacities,
      as determined by rat pituitary cell culture assay. IR-GnRH release rates from MBH
      or AH/POA tissues varied as a function of in vivo estrogen treatment. GnRH
      release from both tissues was increased in the E2-treated group killed at 12 h
      when LH levels were suppressed. Thirty-six hours after E2 treatment, in vitro
      GnRH release was not significantly different from CTL values. GnRH release rates
      from MBH and AH/POA tissues obtained 42 h after E2 treatment were significantly
      greater than CTL release rates (P less than 0.01). This increased in vitro GnRH
      release at 42 h occurred during the apparent rising phase of the LH surge.
      Elevated GnRH release was not sustained at 48 h, when surge levels of LH were
      apparent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3880546
TI  - Cortisone fails to affect levels of islet cell surface antibodies and incidence
      of diabetes in the BB rat.
AB  - Cortisone acetate (250 micrograms/kg X day) was given by im injections to 40 21
      day-old diabetes-prone BB rats. The animals were followed longitudinally to
      determine islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA), as an expression of an abnormal
      immune reaction against the pancreatic islet cells and plasma glucose to estimate
      the degree of metabolic control. ICSA were detected 10-150 days before the
      diagnosis of diabetes. In the cortisone-treated group the diabetic rats showed
      significantly higher ICSA values compared to the nondiabetic ones, both in
      frequency of positive tests (P less than 0.05) and in mean binding values (P less
      than 0.02). In the control group, no difference in ICSA levels were seen between
      diabetic and nondiabetic rats. The cortisone regimen also failed to influence the
      degree of insulitis, commonly associated with diabetes in these rats. These
      experiments in well defined animals which spontaneously develop diabetes do not
      support the use of low dose cortisone treatment in attempts to improve or prevent
      insulin-dependent diabetes in human subjects.

PMID- 3880547
TI  - Identification of insulin variants in patients with hyperinsulinemia by reversed
      phase, high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - We have characterized the molecular forms of circulating insulins in patients
      with hyperinsulinemia of diverse etiology. We have also compared the efficacy of
      various chromatographic conditions using reversed-phase (RP) HPLC. Using 0.2%
      trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and triethylamine (TEA) with acetonitrile as the
      organic modifier, at an elution rate of 0.17%/min, porcine, bovine, and human
      insulins could be easily separated as well as abnormal insulins in the plasma of
      a patient (J.R.) with hyperinsulinemia of unknown etiology. When the reversed
      phase C18 column was changed and a gradient of 0.33%/min was used, the abnormal
      insulin in patient J.R. could not be separated. By changing the solvent system to
      acetonitrile and isopropanol (vol:vol, 3:1) containing 0.1% TFA, omitting the
      TEA, and using a gentle gradient of 0.1%/min, various semisynthetic analogues of
      human insulin could be easily separated and the abnormal insulin could be
      identified in the plasma of the patient J.R. Abnormal insulin was also found in a
      patient with MEN-I, but in contrast, the insulins in eight patients with benign
      sporadic insulinomas appeared to be normal. These results suggest that certain
      hyperinsulinemic states may be associated with an abnormal insulin and that RP
      HPLC is useful for identification of insulin variants in the circulation.
      However, the conditions of RP-HPLC may be critical if the abnormalities of the
      insulin are subtle.

PMID- 3880548
TI  - Biosynthesis of glucagon (IRG3500) in canine gastric mucosa.
AB  - The canine gastric mucosa has previously been shown to contain considerable
      amounts of a polypeptide with the immunologic and physicochemical characteristics
      and biologic activity of glucagon (IRG3500). Using mucosal pieces that remained
      viable for at least 8 h, we have demonstrated that IRG3500 is synthesized in this
      extrapancreatic tissue. Gel filtration and electrophoresis of extracts of mucosal
      pieces incubated with 3H-tryptophan, 3H-leucine, or 35S-methionine revealed small
      amounts of labeled, newly synthesized gastric IRG3500. No labeling of gastric
      IRG3500 was observed when the mucosa was incubated with 3H-proline, an amino acid
      not found in glucagon, in the presence of cycloheximide, or in isolated rat
      hepatocytes. Small amounts of newly synthesized IRG3500 were specifically
      immunoprecipitated by C-terminally directed glucagon antiserum gamma globulins.
      The rate of gastric IRG3500 biosynthesis in vitro was apparently unchanged in
      mucosal pieces from pancreatectomized dogs and unaffected by increased glucose or
      glucose lack during incubations. Thus we have provided evidence that a hormone of
      the endocrine pancreas can be synthesized in extrapancreatic tissues.

PMID- 3880549
TI  - Application of a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent microassay (ELISA) to study
      human anti-insulin antibody.
AB  - A rapid, reproducible enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibody to
      insulin is characterized and used to study antibodies from insulin-treated
      diabetic subjects. No radioactivity is involved in the ELISA; rather, peroxidase
      conjugated anti-human immunoglobulin is used to detect binding of antibodies to
      insulin-coated microplates. Color is produced by action of peroxidase on a
      substrate and an automated reader then measures binding spectrophotometrically.
      This ELISA was optimized to be at least as sensitive as measurement of antibody
      by direct 125I-insulin binding. Although detection of IgG directly binding to
      insulin-coated plates in the ELISA does not reveal species-specific differences,
      avidity differences are shown in competitive inhibition with insulins from
      several species. Insulin-binding IgG was purified by affinity chromatography and
      used to construct a standard curve of the optical density (OD) in the ELISA
      relative to the concentration of antibody. This assay has been used to quantify
      and to characterize insulin antibody of sera from a large number of diabetic
      subjects, ranging from insulin resistant to those who had received only highly
      purified and human insulins. The assay is shown to be most useful to screen for
      insulin antibodies in resistant patients.

PMID- 3880550
TI  - Whole body de novo amino acid synthesis in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes
      studied with stable isotope-labeled leucine, alanine, and glycine.
AB  - Dynamic aspects of whole body alanine and glycine metabolism have been explored
      in insulin-dependent (type I) diabetic subjects. Using a primed, continuous
      intravenous (i.v.) infusion of [2H3]alanine and [15N]glycine given simultaneously
      with [1-13C]leucine, whole body alanine and glycine fluxes and their rates of de
      novo synthesis were measured in 6 diabetic young men. Subjects were studied in
      the postabsorptive state, after blood glucose was clamped overnight at 15.2 +/-
      0.3 mM, and then, on the following night, at 5.9 +/- 0.2 mM (insulin infusion
      rates of 0.24 +/- 0.09 and 1.65 +/- 0.20 U/h, respectively). In the normoglycemic
      state, leucine, alanine, and glycine fluxes averaged 88 +/- 4, 378 +/- 39, and
      155 +/- 8 mumol X kg-1 X h-1, respectively. Based on the leucine flux, alanine
      and glycine de novo synthesis rates were 264 +/- 36 and 67 +/- 8 mumol X kg-1 X h
      1. In the hyperglycemic state, leucine flux increased 23% (P less than 0.01),
      alanine flux rose slightly (+5%) but significantly (P less than 0.05), while
      alanine de novo synthesis and glycine flux remained unchanged and glycine de novo
      synthesis decreased by 33% (P less than 0.001). These results show that small
      alterations in peripheral alanine inflow in the hyperglycemic state reflect
      increased proteolysis and suggest that increased circulating plasma glucose does
      not contribute to de novo alanine synthesis in the absence of adequate insulin
      effect and/or augmented glucose tissue uptake. These observations also reveal the
      importance of insulin in the maintenance of whole body leucine economy, since a
      lower rate of insulin administration was associated with an increased rate of
      leucine oxidation.

PMID- 3880552
TI  - Insulin mediator stimulates pyruvate dehydrogenase of intact liver mitochondria.
AB  - The effects of putative insulin mediators on the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)
      activity of intact mitochondria isolated from rat liver were investigated. The
      mitochondria were judged intact on the basis of electron microscopic examination
      and demonstrated respiratory control. Only mitochondria having respiratory
      control ratios of greater than 4, using succinate as a substrate, were used in
      these studies. Addition of physiologic concentrations of insulin to these
      mitochondria caused stimulation of PDH activity, attributed to generation of an
      insulin mediator from plasma membranes contaminating the mitochondrial
      preparation. Exogenous plasma membranes from rat adipocytes or liver caused
      further stimulation of PDH activity, which was proportional to the amount of
      plasma membranes added. Addition of insulin to the mixture of mitochondria and
      plasma membranes stimulated PDH still further. The stimulation was proportional
      to the insulin concentration, with maximal effects observed at 50 microU/ml
      insulin. Partially purified mediators from liver, muscle, H4-II-E hepatoma cells,
      and IM9 lymphocytes also stimulated PDH activity in intact mitochondria.
      Mediators prepared from insulin-treated liver, muscle, and cultured hepatoma
      cells stimulated PDH more than did mediators from the corresponding untreated
      source. Mediator from insulin-treated IM9 lymphocytes stimulated PDH less than
      did mediator from untreated IM9 lymphocytes. These findings are consistent with
      the known effects of insulin on these tissues and with the reported effects of
      the various mediators on PDH activity in non-intact mitochondria. These
      observations support the proposal that these mediators are physiologically
      significant modulators of insulin's effects on PDH activity.

PMID- 3880551
TI  - A radioimmunoassay for circulating human proinsulin.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay for human proinsulin (hPl) has been developed using
      biosynthetic hPl prepared by recombinant DNA technology as immunogen, standard,
      and tracer. The antiserum was raised in a guinea pig and then adsorbed against
      insulin and C-peptide conjugated to Sepharose to improve its specificity. After
      adsorption of the antiserum, the cross-reactivities to insulin and C-peptide were
      each less than 0.2%. Competition studies using in vitro enzymatically split forms
      of proinsulin demonstrated that the major antigenic determinant recognized was
      the junctional region between the B-chain of insulin and the C-peptide. The range
      of the assay extended from 10 to 150 fmol/tube, with a 50% displacement of 45-55
      fmol/tube. This sensitivity proved suitable for measurements of serum hPl
      concentrations during infusion of biosynthetic hPl into normal subjects and type
      I diabetic subjects. Eighty-five of 89 serum samples from the normal subjects and
      each of 20 samples from diabetic subjects diluted in parallel with the hPl
      standard. Since the direct assay sensitivity was not sufficient for measurement
      of endogenous hPl levels, a simple procedure for quantitative extraction of
      proinsulin-like material (PLM) from up to 40 ml of plasma on insulin antibody
      Sepharose columns was developed. Logit-log slopes were calculated for dilutions
      of extracts of samples collected in the fasting state and 60 min after 75 g or
      oral glucose from eight healthy subjects. The slopes of 15 of the 16 samples did
      not differ significantly from the slope of the hPl standard.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3880553
TI  - Comparison of the clinicopathologic features of primary sclerosing cholangitis
      and primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - Primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis are chronic
      cholestatic syndromes that may be difficult to differentiate clinically.
      Destructive cholangitis occurs in both diseases and leads to similar clinical and
      biochemical abnormalities. Therefore, we compared the clinical, biochemical,
      immunologic, radiologic, and hepatic histologic features of these syndromes in
      two large groups of patients prospectively selected by predefined criteria.
      Primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 258) occurred predominantly in middle-aged women
      who were usually symptomatic with fatigue and pruritus, commonly had
      keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and often were hyperpigmented. Tests for
      antimitochondrial antibodies were always positive, usually in very high titer.
      Although the extrahepatic bile ducts were normal radiographically, smooth
      tapering and narrowing of the intrahepatic bile ducts was occasionally noted.
      Hepatic histology was diagnostic when a florid duct lesion was present. In
      contrast, primary sclerosing cholangitis (n = 60) occurred primarily in young men
      who were usually symptomatic with fatigue and pruritus and frequently had chronic
      ulcerative colitis. Tests for antimitochondrial antibodies were nearly always
      negative and cholangiography demonstrated abnormalities of the extrahepatic and
      intrahepatic bile ducts in all cases. Although hepatic histology was often
      compatible with the diagnosis, it was usually not diagnostic, and considerable
      overlap existed with the abnormalities seen in primary biliary cirrhosis.
      Likewise, biochemical tests of copper metabolism were similar in both syndromes.
      These results call attention to the differences and similarities in the
      clinicopathologic features of these two cholestatic syndromes and provide a basis
      for a rational diagnostic strategy.

PMID- 3880554
TI  - D-Galactosamine hepatotoxicity is associated with endotoxin sensitivity and
      mediated by lymphoreticular cells in mice.
AB  - Two strains of mice (C57BL/10ScN and C3H/HeJ) that carry the same mutant
      lipopolysaccharide gene (Lpsd) which makes them resistant to the toxic effects of
      endotoxin (LPS) are also partially resistant to the hepatotoxic effects of D
      galactosamine. As measured by serum alanine aminotransferase, the degree of liver
      injury induced by D-galactosamine in the LPS-resistant strains is only 10%-30%
      that of closely related strains of LPS-sensitive mice. Similarly, histopathologic
      changes are less pronounced in the endotoxin-resistant strains than in LPS
      susceptible mice. By transferring spleen cells from LPS-susceptible strains to
      lethally irradiated, LPS-resistant mice, we established that susceptibility to D
      galactosamine is mediated by lymphoreticular cells. Radiation-resistant spleen
      cells transferred D-galactosamine sensitivity, suggesting a role for macrophages.
      We did not exclude the possibility that lymphocytes can also transfer the
      response to D-galactosamine. These results establish that in mice, D
      galactosamine sensitivity is associated with endotoxin sensitivity and that the
      former is mediated by lymphoreticular cells, not by hepatocytes.

PMID- 3880555
TI  - Serum concentrations of ursodeoxycholic acid in portal venous and systemic venous
      blood of fasting humans as determined by isotope dilution-mass spectrometry.
AB  - The fasting concentrations of ursodeoxycholic acid were determined in peripheral
      and portal venous serum of untreated (n = 12) and ursodeoxycholic acid-treated (n
      = 7) patients undergoing cholecystectomy. The levels of ursodeoxycholic acid were
      also determined in peripheral venous serum of 9 healthy subjects before and
      during treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid. Ursodeoxycholic acid, as well as
      cholic, chenodeoxycholic, and deoxycholic acids, were analyzed by a highly
      specific method based on isotope dilution-mass spectrometry. The fasting
      peripheral venous serum concentration of total (unconjugated plus conjugated)
      ursodeoxycholic acid averaged 0.14 mumol/L in the untreated gallstone patients
      and 0.19 mumol/L in the healthy subjects. The corresponding value in portal
      venous serum was 0.44 mumol/L. Treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid raised the
      level of this bile acid about 25-fold in portal as well as in peripheral venous
      serum. The proportion of unconjugated ursodeoxycholic acid was 34% in portal and
      49% in peripheral venous serum of treated subjects. The mean hepatic uptake of
      ursodeoxycholic acid was calculated to be about 60% both in untreated and treated
      subjects. This uptake was significantly lower than that of cholic acid (83%). The
      hepatic uptake of ursodeoxycholic acid also tended to be lower than that of
      chenodeoxycholic acid (68%). This was mainly due to a lower hepatic uptake of
      unconjugated ursodeoxycholic acid (34%) compared with unconjugated
      chenodeoxycholic acid (49%). The relatively low hepatic uptake of unconjugated
      ursodeoxycholic acid explains why serum levels of the administered bile acid are
      higher during treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid than during treatment with
      chenodeoxycholic acid. Our results also give evidence that the hepatic uptake of
      ursodeoxycholic acid cannot be saturated under physiologic conditions.

PMID- 3880556
TI  - A therapeutic index that predicts the individual effects of prednisone in
      patients with cirrhosis.
AB  - Our aim was to construct an index that accurately predicts the degree of benefit
      or harm that prednisone therapy holds for patients with liver cirrhosis. The
      admission and survival data of 488 patients with cirrhosis who participated in a
      controlled clinical trial of prednisone in a dosage of 10-15 mg daily (251
      patients) versus placebo (237 patients) and who were observed for up to 12 yr
      were analyzed using Cox's multiple regression model. Four variables each provided
      significant therapeutic information: antinuclear factor (p = 0.02) and large
      piecemeal necroses (p = 0.02) were associated with a beneficial effect, whereas
      ascites (p = 0.0004) and large regenerative nodules (p = 0.0007) were associated
      with a harmful effect of prednisone. From these four variables a therapeutic
      index was constructed. For a given patient the therapeutic index is a measure of
      how big the effect will be if prednisone is given. The gain in survival time
      obtained by administering prednisone according to the therapeutic index was
      estimated to be 349 yr, mainly confined to 217 patients with a significant
      positive (121) or negative (96) therapeutic index. The therapeutic index may
      prove useful for the optimal administration of prednisone treatment in new
      patients with cirrhosis.

PMID- 3880557
TI  - Omeprazole: a study of its inhibition of gastric pH and oral pharmacokinetics
      after morning or evening dosage.
AB  - Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies of omeprazole, a new gastric
      antisecretory agent, were undertaken in 8 healthy subjects. The drug was
      administered orally as an encapsulated enteric-coated granulate (40 mg daily at 9
      am or 9 pm for 5 days), and its effect on the integrated 24-h gastric pH was
      determined, together with its apparent bioavailability. The pretreatment 24-h
      median pH was 1.9 (interquartile range 1.4-2.9). After 5 days of treatment, the
      median pH had risen to 5.0 (3.7-6.0) (p less than 0.01) with morning dosage and
      4.5 (3.0-5.6) (p less than 0.01) with evening dosage. This corresponded to a
      greater than 99% reduction in 24-h median hydrogen ion activity, with morning
      dosage having a greater effect (from 9 am to 8 pm) (p less than 0.01) than
      evening dosage. The relative bioavailability of omeprazole increased twofold from
      day 1 to day 5 of treatment with morning dosage (p less than 0.02) and threefold
      with evening dosage (p less than 0.02), suggesting that increased absorption of
      this acid-labile drug occurs with increasing inhibition of acid secretion. We
      conclude that this formulation of omeprazole presently being used in clinical
      trials is a highly potent antisecretory agent in humans, although its optimal
      effect may not be observed for several days.

PMID- 3880558
TI  - Diminished in vitro responsiveness of circulating erythroid progenitor cells to
      insulin as an indicator of insulin resistance.
AB  - While insulin resistance is considered characteristic of extreme obesity, it may
      be more difficult to demonstrate in less severe forms of obesity. We studied five
      moderately obese individuals [mean body mass index (MBMI), 34.1 +/- 1.85 (+/- SE)
      kg/m2], one massively obese patient (BMI, 50.2 kg/m2), and seven age-matched
      normal subjects (MBMI, 22.4 +/- 0.93 kg/m2). While two of the obese patients had
      normal glucose tolerance, all had fasting hyperinsulinemia (P less than 0.02 vs.
      normal subjects) and exaggerated insulin responses after oral glucose challenge,
      as defined by area under the 3-h insulin response curve (P less than 0.01 vs.
      normal subjects). That this hyperinsulinemia represented in vivo insulin
      resistance was supported by the glucose and insulin responses in four individuals
      to an iv glucose bolus analyzed by the minimal modeling technique. Study of
      monocyte insulin receptors revealed no reduction in total insulin binding in the
      four obese patients tested. Since physiological concentrations of insulin
      stimulate the in vitro growth of normal human erythroid progenitor cells (EPC),
      we reasoned that this response might be blunted in cells from individuals with
      endogenous insulin resistance. The mean peak EPC proliferative response (26.7 +/-
      9.11% above baseline) in the obese hyperinsulinemic group was significantly less
      than the corresponding mean value in the control group (92.6 +/- 5.24% above
      baseline, P less than 0.001). These results suggest that the minimal modeling
      technique is a sensitive method for the in vivo demonstration of insulin
      resistance in moderately obese individuals and that EPC responsiveness to
      physiological concentrations of insulin reflects in vivo insulin sensitivity and
      may be used as an in vitro indicator of insulin resistance.

PMID- 3880559
TI  - Immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide response to a meal during the first
      eighteen months after diagnosis of type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The changes in plasma concentrations of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory
      polypeptide (IR-GIP) in response to a standard meal were examined in 21 normal
      subjects and 15 Type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetic patients 7 days, 14 days, and
      3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months after time of diagnosis. During the first 4 tests
      significantly lower plasma IR-GIP concentrations were found in the diabetic
      patients after the standard meal. At 9 months and during the remaining tests
      there was no difference in IR-GIP concentrations between the diabetic and the
      normal subjects. The IR-GIP response was normalized faster if the diabetic
      patients were treated with initial short term intensive insulin therapy than if
      they were treated conventionally with 1 or 2 daily injections of insulin. beta
      Cell function, evaluated by the C-peptide response to the meal, increased
      significantly during the first 3 months. After 3 months maximal beta-cell
      function was found while the corresponding IR-GIP responses were significantly
      lower than those of the normal subjects. Thereafter beta-cell function declined
      gradually and significantly, coinciding with the normalization of the IR-GIP
      response. No individual covariation between IR-GIP and beta-cell function during
      the 18 months was found in any patient. The IR-GIP response to a meal was
      diminished at the onset of Type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. After
      the start of insulin therapy the response improved, perhaps as a function of the
      quality of metabolic control, and within a year it was comparable to that of
      normal subjects. Lack of endogenous GIP therefore does not explain the diminished
      beta-cell function in Type 1 diabetes a few months after onset of the disease. No
      causal relationship between the changes in beta-cell function and IR-GIP during
      the first 18 months after the onset of the disease seems to exist.

PMID- 3880560
TI  - Pathogenesis of age-related glucose intolerance in man: insulin resistance and
      decreased beta-cell function.
AB  - To identify the pathogenic factors responsible for glucose intolerance of aging,
      we measured a variety of metabolic parameters, including insulin sensitivity and
      islet cell function, in 10 young (18-36 yr old) and 10 older (57-82 yr old) men
      of normal body weight. Subject groups had equivalent fasting plasma glucose and
      fat cell size values. Frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance tests were
      performed, and the data were analyzed by computer using the minimal model
      approach. This technique yields the following measures: SI, the insulin
      sensitivity index; phi 1 and phi 2, indices of first and second phase beta-cell
      responsiveness to glucose; n, fractional insulin clearance, and SG, a measure of
      dynamic glucose disappearance dependent on glucose per se. We also evaluated beta
      cell responsiveness independently by measuring the plasma insulin response to
      arginine injections at three levels of glycemia and calculated potentiation slope
      from the relationship between the acute insulin response to arginine and the
      prestimulus glucose level. The older men were glucose intolerant (glucose
      disappearance rate, 1.32% min-1) compared to the younger men (glucose
      disappearance rate, 2.21% min-1; P less than 0.01). This intolerance was the
      result of both a beta-cell defect and insulin resistance. The potentiation slope
      (r = -0.67; P less than 0.02) and phi 2 (r = -0.47; P less than 0.05) both
      decreased with age. In addition, SI in the older group was diminished 63% (2.4
      vs. 6.5; 10(-4) min-1/microU/ml; P less than 0.001) and was unrelated to
      differences in body fat. No differences were found in either n or SG. These
      studies suggest that the diminished glucose tolerance of aging in normal weight
      men has multifactorial causality. Both beta-cell dysfunction and insulin
      resistance are important. In contrast, we found little evidence for changes in
      insulin clearance or insulin-independent glucose disappearance contributing to
      age-related glucose intolerance.

PMID- 3880561
TI  - The presence of an estrogen-regulated protein detected by monoclonal antibody in
      abnormal human endometrium.
AB  - The cellular localization of a 24,000 (24K) mol wt protein was evaluated by
      monoclonal antibody immunocytochemistry in atrophic and persistent proliferative
      endometrium as well as in various forms of hyperplastic and neoplastic human
      endometria. 24K was chiefly located in the cytoplasm of ciliated cells and their
      precursor forms, clear cells. It was absent in atrophic, resting, and regressive
      forms of cystic glandular hyperplasia. Persistent proliferative endometria with a
      low degree of proliferation has occasional 24K immunostained cells, whereas those
      with active proliferation contained intense 24K immunostaining. A similar pattern
      characterized the active forms of cystic glandular hyperplasia. The
      immunostaining reaction decreased in adenomatous and atypical adenomatous
      hyperplasia as well as in well differentiated adenocarcinomas. In poorly
      differentiated carcinomas, 24K protein was virtually absent. These findings
      suggest that 24K protein is estrogen and ciliated cell related, and endometrial
      ciliogenesis and 24K protein are morphological and biochemical markers,
      respectively, of the estrogenic endometrial response. Their increase and decrease
      in hyperplastic and neoplastic endometria support the concept that early
      hyperplasia is highly sensitive to estrogenic stimulation, whereas with
      increasing architectural and cytologic atypia, the estrogenic response decreases
      as a reflection of growing cell populations that are independent of estrogenic
      influence. Immunostaining with 24K is not sensitive enough to discriminate
      estrogen-independent cells of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia from those of
      early, well differentiated adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 3880563
TI  - Identification of seven hormone-producing cell types in the human pharyngeal
      hypophysis.
AB  - Eight adult human pharyngeal pituitary glands taken at autopsy were studied by
      immunocytochemistry to reveal the presence of ACTH-, lipotropin-, FSH-, LH-, TSH
      , PRL-, and GH-immunoreactive cells. All of these cell types were found and
      quantitated in pharyngeal hypophyses from patients with no evidence of endocrine
      disorder. The percentage of the seven hormone-producing cell types varied from
      gland to gland from 1-30%; there were no marked histological differences between
      sexes or attributable to age. The cellular composition of the pharyngeal
      hypophysis shows that this gland has the capacity to produce at least seven
      hormones.

PMID- 3880562
TI  - Divergent influences of the structurally dissimilar calcium entry blockers,
      diltiazem and verapamil, on thyrotropin- and gonadotropin-releasing hormone
      stimulated anterior pituitary hormone secretion in man.
AB  - We have tested the influence of a new calcium ion channel antagonist, diltiazem,
      on hypothalamic releasing hormone-stimulated secretion of LH and other anterior
      pituitary hormones in man. To this end, six normal men received a continuous
      infusion of GnRH (1 microgram/min) and TRH (2 micrograms/min) for 3 h under three
      different experimental conditions: 1) saline (control) infusion; 2) iv diltiazem
      (0.3 mg/kg bolus dose, and 0.002 mg/kg . min) infusion for 4 h beginning 1 h
      before releasing hormone injection; and 3) oral diltiazem (60 mg, every 6 h)
      administration for 1 week before pituitary stimulation. Blood was sampled at 10
      min intervals for the subsequent immunoassay of LH, FSH, TSH, PRL, and GH
      concentrations and at hourly intervals for the assay of plasma diltiazem
      concentrations by high performance liquid chromatography. Despite sustained
      plasma diltiazem concentrations of 80-120 ng/ml during either iv or oral drug
      administration, the GnRH/TRH-stimulated release of LH, FSH, TSH, and PRL or the
      basal secretion of GH did not differ significantly from that during saline
      infusion. In contrast, when these subjects underwent the same infusion schedule
      using a structurally dissimilar calcium influx blocker, verapamil (5-mg bolus
      dose and 15 mg/h, continuous infusion), there was significant suppression of the
      delayed component of GnRH/TRH-stimulated LH release, with simultaneous
      enhancement of PRL secretion. We conclude that exogenously stimulated anterior
      pituitary hormone secretion in man exhibits differential susceptibility to the
      structurally discrete calcium entry blockers diltiazem and verapamil. Moreover,
      the differential influence of these two calcium ion channel antagonists on
      gonadotropes is distinct from that described in cardiac and smooth muscle cells.

PMID- 3880564
TI  - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons in human preoptic/hypothalamus:
      differential intraneuronal localization of immunoreactive forms.
AB  - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) may be synthesized as part of a
      larger prohormone, as are several other neuropeptides. In this study, we sought
      not only to define the distribution and morphological characteristics of LRH
      neurons within the human preoptic area and hypothalamus, but also to identify
      sites of initial synthesis, posttranslational conversion to the decapeptide, and
      storage of LRH in these neurons. Immunoreactive molecular forms were
      differentiated using a series of antisera with distinct specificities in the
      peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. These antisera were capable of detecting the
      fully processed hormone as well as extended decapeptide sequences. Immunopositive
      LRH neurons were more abundant in the infundibular area of the hypothalamus than
      in the preoptic area. Numbers of immunopositive perikarya and subcellular
      distribution of reaction product varied with binding requirements of the
      antisera. After treatment with an antiserum that requires the fully processed
      decapeptide for binding, the reaction product was associated almost entirely with
      granules in perikarya and processes, while very little was associated with either
      rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) or Golgi apparatus. In contrast, with an
      antiserum capable of detecting extended forms of the decapeptide, the RER and
      Golgi were labeled in addition to granules. From these data, we infer that in
      humans, mature decapeptide is present in granules within LRH neuronal perikarya
      and processes. Furthermore, the molecular forms associated with RER and Golgi may
      be precursors in which the decapeptide sequence is extended.

PMID- 3880565
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography in patients with transposition of the great
      arteries after surgical repair.
AB  - Digital subtraction angiography was used for postoperative evaluation of seven
      patients who underwent the Senning procedure for repair of d-transposition of the
      great arteries. Their ages ranged from 2.5 to 3 years. The patients were
      premedicated with methohexital (25 mg/kg rectally), and 0.3 to 0.4 ml/kg of
      diatrizoate was injected into a peripheral vein through a plastic needle. Images
      were obtained on a Technicare DR-960 or Diasonics DA 100 digital angiographic
      unit at four frames per second using 256 X 256 matrix and a 6 inch (15.24 cm)
      field size. In all patients, the venous systems, cardiac chambers and great
      arteries were well visualized. Two patients had obstruction of the superior vena
      cava with a dilated azygos vein draining into the inferior vena cava. One patient
      had severe obstruction of the left pulmonary artery. Digital subtraction
      angiography is safe and easy to perform and appears to be a valuable alternative
      method for evaluating patients after surgical repair of transposition of the
      great arteries. The small amount of contrast material required and the low
      radiation dose make it attractive for use in children.

PMID- 3880566
TI  - Clinical applications of noninvasive carotid artery testing.
AB  - The management of patients with cerebral transient ischemic attacks and carotid
      artery stenosis remains controversial. Noninvasive techniques help to determine
      which patients require surgical intervention without exposing the majority of
      patients to the risk and discomfort of invasive procedures. Measurement of
      ophthalmic artery pressure by ophthalmodynamometry or oculoplethysmography gives
      a representation of perfusion pressure in the internal carotid artery
      circulation. Doppler ultrasound studies can define the extent of obstruction to
      flow at the carotid artery bifurcation and assess collateral flow from the
      external carotid artery. Real time B-mode ultrasonography can detect
      nonobstructive ulcerated plaque in the carotid artery bifurcation. Employing
      these examinations in a test battery can identify hemodynamically significant
      lesions, which are more likely to precipitate a stroke. The information obtained
      from these studies can be utilized in patients with episodes of cerebral
      transient ischemic attacks, asymptomatic carotid artery bruits and
      vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Noninvasive carotid artery testing is also useful
      in screening patients with nonspecific symptoms, such as dizziness or light
      headedness, which may be related to decreased flow in the carotid circulation.
      Noninvasive carotid artery testing can provide valuable anatomic and physiologic
      information required in the appropriate management of patients with
      cerebrovascular disease. It is of particular value in managing patients with
      heart disease who are at high risk for complications from invasive procedures.

PMID- 3880567
TI  - Bishop Lecture. The plights of the invasive treatment of ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 3880568
TI  - Quantitative split dose thallium-201 imaging with exercise: a technique for
      obtaining rest and exercise perfusion images in one setting and markedly reducing
      the study time.
AB  - In the current study, a technique for performing serial thallium imaging after
      two separate tracer injections was applied to exercise thallium imaging, thus
      allowing the acquisition of rest and exercise images within 1 hour. Twenty-four
      patients with and 10 patients without significant coronary artery disease were
      studied. One mCi of thallium-201 was injected intravenously and imaging was
      performed at rest in three projections. The patient was then stressed and an
      additional 1 mCi of thallium injected during exercise. Images in the same three
      projections were collected. After computer realignment, the rest image was
      subtracted from the exercise image to produce an image representing perfusion
      during exercise. All 24 patients with coronary artery disease had a positive
      study, while 9 of 10 without disease had a negative study. The images were then
      interpreted using a computer method designed to quantitate regional myocardial
      thallium distribution and redistribution. With quantitative interpretation, 23 of
      24 patients with coronary disease had a positive study, while only 1 without
      disease had a positive study. With qualitative interpretation, 39 (89%) of 44
      stenosed coronary arteries demonstrated thallium defects in corresponding
      myocardial segments, while 54 (93%) of 58 nonstenosed coronary arteries did not.
      With quantitative interpretation, 38 (86%) of 44 stenosed coronary arteries
      demonstrated thallium defects in corresponding myocardial segments, while 53
      (91%) of 58 nonstenosed coronary arteries did not. A split dose thallium imaging
      technique that allows imaging before and immediately after exercise, thus
      markedly reducing the study time, has been validated.

PMID- 3880569
TI  - Subsets of Lyt-2+ cells defined by differential expression of the 9F3 antigen:
      alterations in mice of the lpr/lpr genotype.
AB  - Recently, we found that a novel murine cell surface antigen recognized by the 9F3
      monoclonal antibody demonstrates T cell heterogeneity in normal mice and in
      congenic strains homozygous for the lymphoproliferation- and autoimmunity
      inducing lpr gene. The objective of the present work was to further characterize
      this heterogeneity by studying the distribution of the 9F3 marker among Lyt-2+ T
      cells. By using dual parameter flow cytofluorometry analysis, at least two
      subsets of peripheral Lyt-2+ cells differing in 9F3 expression could be
      distinguished. In MRL/Mp-++, C57BL/6, and C3H/HeJ mice, 9F3- and 9F3+ cells
      accounted, respectively, for 65 to 80% and 20 to 35% of the whole Lyt-2+
      population. Interestingly, in lpr/lpr-bearing congenic strains, a three- to
      fivefold selective increase in the frequency and absolute number of 9F3+ Lyt-2+
      cells was found to take place during aging. Functional analysis of Lyt-2+ cells
      isolated by panning revealed that in +/+ mice, these cells respond better to
      phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A than in lpr/lpr mice, indicating that
      phenotypic changes of Lyt-2+ cells correlate with functional changes. Further
      evidence for the functional relevance of 9F3-defined Lyt-2+ cell heterogeneity
      was provided by the study of sorted cells from +/+ mice, showing that 9F3- cells
      exhibit higher mitogenic reactivities than 9F3+ cells. This finding suggests that
      9F3+ Lyt-2+ cells in +/+ and lpr/lpr mice are functionally homologous. Together,
      these data indicate that, in addition to the known expansion of a population of
      abnormal Lyt-2-T cells, mice of the lpr/lpr genotype have an alteration of their
      Lyt-2+ cell population, characterized by an imbalance of 9F3-defined subsets and
      decreased mitogenic reactivities.

PMID- 3880570
TI  - Cytofluorometric isolation of I937, an Ia antigen-bearing variant of the Ia
      negative human monocytic cell line U937.
AB  - Cells of the human monocyte cell line U937 are generally considered devoid of any
      Ia antigens on their surface. In analyzing U937 cells with a large panel of
      monoclonal anti-human Ia antibodies by flow cytometry, we detected a small number
      of cells that appeared to react with antibodies to HLA-DR and HLA-DS/DC
      molecules. These Ia-positive cells were isolated and were cloned, resulting in a
      human monocyte cell line that expresses high levels of Ia antigens. We analyzed
      these antigens by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      after radiolabeling and immunoprecipitation. Three distinct Ia molecules, alpha 1
      beta 1, alpha 1 beta 3 (HLA-DR-like), and alpha 2 beta 2 (HLA-DC/DS-like) are
      synthesized by I937 cells, alpha 1 beta 3 molecule being the predominant species.
      The Ia antigen-bearing human monocyte cell line is expected to be useful for
      studying events involved in antigen presentation.

PMID- 3880571
TI  - Role of interleukin 1 in experimental pulmonary granuloma in mice.
AB  - Pulmonary granulomas were induced in immunized BALB/c mice by the intratracheal
      injection of antigen-coated and plain agarose beads. Prominent lesions developed
      within 24 hr, reached peak intensity within 3 days, and gradually declined in
      size thereafter. The hypersensitivity granulomas induced in sensitized mice by
      antigen-coated beads were much larger than the lesions induced by plain beads.
      Minimal inflammation was produced in unsensitized mice injected with antigen
      coated or plain beads. Aqueous extracts prepared from pulmonary granuloma lesions
      induced in sensitized mice by antigen-coated beads contained high levels of
      interleukin 1 (IL 1) and migration inhibition factor (MIF) activities. The
      kinetics of appearance of these mediators were similar. Lower but detectable
      activity of both mediators was detected in extracts prepared from sensitized mice
      injected with plain beads. Neither interleukin 2 (IL 2) nor IL 2 neutralizing
      activities were detected in the extracts. The presence of IL 1 and MIF in
      extracts prepared from early and peak pulmonary granulomatous lesions suggests
      that these soluble factors are produced by cells within the lesions, and that
      they are involved in mediating the expression and/or maintenance of the
      granulomas.

PMID- 3880572
TI  - Differential glycosylation requirements for the cell surface expression of class
      I molecules.
AB  - The importance of asparagine-linked glycosylation in the cell surface expression
      of several class I molecules was examined. C57BL/6 (B6) T cell blasts were
      treated with tunicamycin (TM), an antibiotic that inhibits N-linked
      glycosylation. The levels of various class I molecules on these cells were
      examined by flow cytometry and were compared to the levels of the same molecules
      on untreated cells. A 12-hr TM treatment did not significantly alter the levels
      of H-2Kb, Db, or Qa-2; however, such treatment decreased the surface expression
      of the Qa-1b allelic product to undetectable levels. A time-course study
      indicated that a decrease in the level of Qa-1.2 expression was apparent after
      only 4 hr of TM treatment. An examination of T cell blasts prepared from mouse
      strains possessing the Qa-1a, Qa-1c, and Qa-1d alleles indicated that all allelic
      products of this locus demonstrated a marked decrease in cell surface expression
      on TM treatment, whereas other class I molecules (H-2Ks, TL) exhibited slight or
      no decrease. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of
      immunoprecipitates from detergent lysates of surface-iodinated TM-treated B6
      blasts revealed the presence of the unglycosylated form of the H-2Kb molecule on
      the cell surface. No such form of the Qa-1.2 molecule could be detected by
      similar analysis. To establish that the above observations were not simply a
      result of the inability of the Qa-1-specific alloantisera to react with the
      unglycosylated Qa-1 molecule, lysates of surface-iodinated B6 blasts were
      digested with endoglycosidase F, which cleaves N-linked carbohydrate moieties.
      Immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that the antisera could react with the
      unglycosylated form of the Qa-1 molecule. These results indicate that N-linked
      glycosylation has differential importance in the cell surface expression of class
      I molecules.

PMID- 3880573
TI  - Quantitative measurements of the specificity and kinetics of conjugate formation
      between cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes and splenic target cells by dual parameter
      flow cytometry.
AB  - The formation of conjugates between cloned anti-H-2Kb and Dd cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes (CTL) and splenic target cells has been studied by dual parameter
      flow cytometry. By varying effector-target combinations and by blocking with anti
      MHC class I monoclonal antibodies, we found that the specificity of conjugate
      formation, in general, paralleled that expected from cytotoxicity studies;
      however, a significant number of "nonspecific" conjugates was always observed. As
      expected from previous studies, conjugate formation did not occur below 10
      degrees C and was inhibited by cytochalasin B, EDTA, and anti-Lyt-2 antibodies.
      Conjugate formation followed first-order kinetics. The rate of formation of
      conjugates increased with temperature from 24 degrees to 37 degrees C; at 37
      degrees C, the half-time was 1.4 min. After a 6-min lag period, lysis of target
      cells could be detected at 37 degrees C but not at 30 degrees C or below. Because
      target cell lysis proceeded during a period of time when the number of conjugates
      remained constant, considerable effector cell recycling must have occurred.
      Comparisons of the fluorescence emissions from conjugated effector or target
      cells with those from unconjugated cells demonstrated that nearly all conjugates
      contained one effector cell and one target cell, independent of the ratio of the
      two cell types in the original mix. Once formed, anti-H-2Kb conjugates were
      stable when diluted into medium alone, but rapidly disaggregated in medium
      containing either anti-Lyt-2 or anti-Kb monoclonal antibodies, both of which
      blocked conjugate formation. This finding suggests that conjugates are normally
      stabilized by intercellular bonds that are constantly breaking and reforming at
      the cell:cell interface, and that the antibodies disrupt the conjugates by
      preventing the reformation of broken bonds.

PMID- 3880574
TI  - Resistance to phagocytosis by group A streptococci: failure of deposited
      complement opsonins to interact with cellular receptors.
AB  - The previous finding that phagocytosis-resistant M+ group A streptococci bear
      quantities of C3 which are sufficient for phagocytosis of their M- derivatives
      was investigated at two levels. It was first established that the C3 associated
      with M+ streptococci was not able to promote adherence to cells bearing the
      complement receptors CR1 and CR3 under conditions in which M- streptococci
      readily attached. The molecular form of C3 bound to M+ and M- streptococci was
      then defined by adding 125I-C3 to serum used for opsonization. C3 eluted from the
      bacteria by chaotropic and hydrolytic agents was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, and
      revealed that both cell types bound the opsonic forms of C3, C3b, and iC3b.
      Furthermore, approximately 80% of the C3b and iC3b associated with both cell
      types was covalently bound to a surface component, although most of the C3 bound
      to M+ streptococci was detergent-extractable, whereas greater than 50% of that
      bound to M- streptococci was not. These findings demonstrate that the M+ surface
      is interfering with the receptor binding of deposited C3b and iC3b, and that this
      contributes to resistance to phagocytosis by these organisms.

PMID- 3880575
TI  - A novel IgA protease from Clostridium sp. capable of cleaving IgA1 and IgA2
      A2m(1) but not IgA2 A2m(2) allotype paraproteins.
AB  - Three bacterial strains of Bifidobacterium and Clostridium sp. from patients with
      inflammatory bowel disease (I.B.D.) and Streptococcus pneumoniae from a patient
      with pneumonia were identified to produce extracellular proteases cleaving IgA
      into Fab and Fc fragments. Although the proteases from the Bifidobacterium and
      the Streptococcus pneumoniae showed the characteristics of typical IgA1
      proteases, cleaving the IgA of only the IgA1 subclass, the protease from
      Clostridium sp. revealed a dual substrate specificity, in that it cleaved both
      IgA1 and IgA2 of the A2m(1) allotype. The latter protease, however, did not show
      any activity with respect to the IgA2 of the A2m(2) allotype. Fc fragments
      isolated from the IgA1 and the IgA2 A2m(1) by digestion with the Clostridium sp.
      protease were identified to have an identical amino terminal residue of valine.
      The site of cleavage in both the alpha 1 and the alpha 2 of A2m(1) by the
      protease was assumed to be an identical peptide bond at Pro(221)-Val(222), which
      is a common one present just before the hinge of both the alpha 1 and the alpha 2
      of the A2m(1) but not of the alpha 2 of the A2m(2). The protease was sensitive to
      ethylene-diamino tetraacetic acid, a chelating agent, similar to other already
      reported IgA1 proteases.

PMID- 3880576
TI  - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to Treponema pallidum.
AB  - Thirteen hybrid cell lines which produce mouse monoclonal antibodies to Treponema
      pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, have been established. All of the
      monoclonal antibodies react with T. pallidum, Nichols strain, in ELISA and in
      immunofluorescence assays, but do not react with normal rabbit testicular tissue
      in the ELISA. Two of these antibodies were demonstrated to react with the
      nonpathogenic treponemes T. phagedenis, biotype Reiter, T. refringens (Noguchi
      strain), T. vincentii, and T. denticola (strains 11 and W), as well as with
      Borrelia recurrentis, Leptospira interrogans, serogroup Canicola, and the swine
      pathogen T. hyodysenteriae. The remaining 11 antibodies react with four recently
      isolated strains of T. pallidum, but with none of the related nonpathogens nor
      with Borrelia or Leptospira. Thus, our results to date indicate that these
      monoclonal antibodies may identify antigenic determinants that are specific
      either for T. pallidum alone or for those treponemes which are pathogenic for
      humans. The molecular specificities of six of the 13 antibodies were determined
      by Western blotting. We anticipate potential usefulness of these antibodies in
      the investigation of the antigenic structure of T. pallidum, the taxonomic study
      of the pathogenic and nonpathogenic treponemes, and in the diagnosis of syphilis.

PMID- 3880578
TI  - Obituary: Manfred Martin Mayer June 15, 1916-September 18, 1984.

PMID- 3880577
TI  - Identification of an antigen specific to Trypanosoma congolense by using
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Using indirect immunofluorescence assays on acetone-fixed smears of a series of
      different parasites, we have shown that two monoclonal antibodies bind
      specifically to Trypanosoma congolense organisms. The antibodies bind to both
      bloodstream trypomastigotes and procyclic culture forms of the parasite and are
      thus not stage specific. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis showed that
      both monoclonal reagents bound a protein of approximately 31,000 m.w. This
      antigen appeared to be located on the plasma membrane of T. congolense, but the
      epitope was not exposed on the surface of living bloodstream or procyclic
      organisms. The antigen was detectable on acetone-fixed organisms or in
      trypanosome lysates in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and may therefore by
      useful as a species-specific marker in field assays for epidemiologic and
      clinical investigations.

PMID- 3880579
TI  - Blocking of CTL-mediated killing by monoclonal antibodies to LFA-1 and Lyt-2, 3.
      II. Evidence that trypsin pretreatment of target cells removes a non-H-2 molecule
      important in killing.
AB  - We sought additional evidence for an inverse relationship between functional CTL
      target cell affinity on the one hand, and susceptibility of the CTL-mediated
      killing to inhibition by alpha LFA-1 and alpha Lyt-2,3 monoclonal antibodies on
      the other hand. Previously, we experimentally reduced affinity by pretreating the
      target cells with papain. This removed most of the class I H-2 antigens, had
      little effect on the ability of allospecific CTL to recognize and kill these
      targets, but dramatically reduced the initial strength of CTL-target cell
      adhesion, and increased by more than 10-fold the susceptibility of the killing to
      inhibition by alpha Lyt-2,3 and alpha LFA-1 MAb. In the present report, we find
      that pretreating the target cells with trypsin, like papain, does not
      significantly change the susceptibility of the target cells to killing by
      allospecific CTL in a 2-hr assay, and increases by about 10-fold susceptibility
      of the killing to inhibition by alpha LFA-1. Unlike papain, however, trypsin does
      not consistently increase blocking by alpha Lyt-2,3, does not remove class I H-2
      antigens from the target cell, and does not substantially reduce the strength of
      initial CTL-target adhesion formation (estimated by post dispersion lysis after a
      5-min conjugate-forming incubation). These results show a functional difference
      between LFA-1 and Lyt-2,3. Both papain and trypsin produced similar 10-fold
      increases in susceptibility to blocking by alpha LFA-1. In contrast,
      susceptibility to inhibition by alpha Lyt-2,3 was increased nearly 100-fold by
      papain, but was not consistently affected by trypsin. Thus, the above-mentioned
      inverse relationship holds for alpha Lyt-2,3 but not for alpha LFA-1. Our results
      are consistent with the hypothesis that Lyt-2,3 but not LFA-1 participates in
      recognition of class I H-2 antigens. Possibly LFA-1 participates in an adhesion
      strengthening process that follows T cell recognition, and which may also be used
      by other LFA-1 expressing leucocytes in intercellular interactions. Finally, our
      results suggest (for the first time in the mouse system) that an unidentified non
      H-2 "trypsin-sensitive counter blocking" molecule on the target cell plays an
      important role in CTL-target cell interaction.

PMID- 3880580
TI  - Regulation of acetylcholine synthesis in the brain.

PMID- 3880581
TI  - Neurochemical and histochemical characterization of neurotoxic effects of 1
      methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine on brain catecholamine neurones in the
      mouse.
AB  - Systemic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)
      caused a rapid and long-lasting reduction of both 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
      (dopamine, DA) and noradrenaline (NA) in mouse brain, as observed histo- and
      neurochemically. The depleting effects were more pronounced after repeated MPTP
      administration and the most marked reductions were observed after 2 X 50 mg
      MPTP/kg s.c., when DA in striatum and NA in frontal cortex were reduced by
      greater than 90% 1 week after MPTP. Mice with such catecholamine depletions were
      markedly sedated and almost completely immobilized. The behavioural syndrome
      after MPTP resembled that seen after reserpine, a monoamine-depleting drug. MPTP
      also caused a long-lasting reduction of catecholamine uptake in striatal DA and
      cortical NA nerve terminals and reduced tyrosine hydroxylase activity in these
      regions. There was no evidence that MPTP caused any marked DA and NA cell body
      death. MPTP given acutely transiently elevated serotonin levels. The results are
      compatible with a neurotoxic action of MPTP on both DA and NA nerve terminals.
      The nigro-striatal DA and the locus coeruleus NA neurone systems appeared to be
      most susceptible. Synthesis and utilization of residual striatal DA and cortical
      NA were increased, as often observed in partially denervated monoamine-innervated
      brain regions. Both DA and NA showed a gradual recovery, which took months to
      become complete and may have been related to a regrowth of catecholamine nerve
      terminals.

PMID- 3880583
TI  - Successful stereotaxic evacuation of an acute pontomedullary hematoma. Case
      report.
AB  - A healthy young woman developed a rapidly progressive pontomedullary lesion 24
      hours after delivery of her first child. The lesion was shown on computerized
      tomography (CT) to be a primary hematoma. Stereotaxic aspiration was carried out,
      and the patient recovered. Angiography and CT scanning demonstrated a vascular
      lesion compatible with an arteriovenous malformation.

PMID- 3880582
TI  - Amphiphilic detergent-soluble acetylcholinesterase from Torpedo marmorata:
      characterization and conversion by proteolysis to a hydrophilic form.
AB  - The membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from the electric organ of Torpedo
      marmorata was solubilized by Triton X-100 or by treatment with proteinase K and
      purified to apparent homogeneity by affinity chromatography. Although the two
      forms differed only slightly in their subunit molecular weight (66,000 and 65,000
      daltons, respectively), considerable differences existed between native and
      digested detergent-soluble AChE. The native enzyme sedimented at 6.5 S in the
      presence of Triton X-100 and formed aggregates in the absence of detergent. The
      digested enzyme sedimented at 7.5 S in the absence and in the presence of
      detergent. In contrast to the detergent-solubilized AChE, the proteolytically
      derived form neither bound detergent nor required amphiphilic molecules for the
      expression of catalytic activity. This led to the conclusion that limited
      digestion of detergent-soluble AChE results in the removal of a small hydrophobic
      peptide which in vivo is responsible for anchoring the protein to the lipid
      bilayer.

PMID- 3880584
TI  - Ureteral stenosis after kidney transplantation: true incidence and long-term
      followup after surgical correction.
AB  - Between March 1965 and December 31, 1982, 421 kidney transplantations were
      performed in our department. The over-all incidence of ureteral stenosis was 5.5
      per cent. However, when the number of patients at risk at various times after
      transplantation was considered the probability for ureteral stenosis to develop
      was 4.6 per cent at 1 year, 7.7 per cent at 2 years and 9.7 per cent at 5 years.
      Preoperative and postoperative complications were frequent. The wound infection
      rate was 21.9 per cent and 2 of the 24 patients died of septic shock. Graft
      survival rate after definitive surgical correction of ureteral stenosis was 71
      per cent at 1 and 2 years, and 65 per cent at 3 years. Late results justify the
      efforts to re-establish correct urinary drainage of the graft.

PMID- 3880585
TI  - Desamino-D-arginine vasopressin in childhood nocturnal enuresis.
AB  - The effect of desamino-D-arginine vasopressin was investigated in a double-blind
      study of 37 children more than 9 years old with nocturnal enuresis resistant to
      conventional therapy. A significant reduction of wet nights was observed but as
      soon as the medication was stopped the children reverted to earlier bedwetting
      habits.

PMID- 3880586
TI  - Carcinoma of the ureter with extensive squamous differentiation and positive
      immunoperoxidase staining for carcinoembryonic antigen: a case report.
AB  - A case of ureteral carcinoma with extensive squamous differentiation and positive
      staining for carcinoembryonic antigen by the immunoperoxidase method is
      presented. Ureteral carcinoma should be added to the list of tumors that may
      produce carcinoembryonic antigen or antigen-like material.

PMID- 3880587
TI  - Clinical stage draws nearer in ongoing studies of gene therapy.

PMID- 3880588
TI  - John Rock, developer of contraceptive pill, dies.

PMID- 3880589
TI  - Diagnosis of cholelithiasis.

PMID- 3880590
TI  - False-positive direct fluorescent antibody testing for Legionella.

PMID- 3880591
TI  - Orthotopic liver transplantation in a patient with Amanita poisoning.
AB  - Orthotopic liver transplantation in patients with acute toxic hepatitis has not,
      to our knowledge, been reported. Our recent experience with orthotopic liver
      transplantation in a 3-year-old girl with acute hepatic failure secondary to
      Amanita poisoning is described. Aspects of Amanita toxin-induced pathophysiology
      pertinent to orthotopic liver transplantation are discussed. The results in this
      case provide important implications for patients with fulminant hepatic failure
      secondary to other hepatotoxic agents in whom liver transplantation is
      considered.

PMID- 3880592
TI  - Gallbladder wall thickening in preeclampsia.
AB  - Sonographic examination of the gallbladder in two patients with preeclampsia and
      right upper quadrant pain demonstrated notable thickening of the gallbladder
      wall. The sonographic abnormality and clinical symptoms completely resolved after
      delivery and/or medical management of the preeclampsia. This finding is probably
      secondary to the hypoalbuminemia characteristic of preeclampsia and should not be
      mistaken for intrinsic gallbladder disease.

PMID- 3880593
TI  - Marrow transplantation for nonmalignant disorders.

PMID- 3880594
TI  - Antifibrinolytic therapy in subarachnoid hemorrhage.

PMID- 3880595
TI  - Leonardo as scientist.

PMID- 3880596
TI  - Medicare turns to HMOs.

PMID- 3880597
TI  - Microparticulate-induced phlebitis. Its prevention by in-line filtration.
AB  - We carried out a double-blind prospective study of the effect of a filter on the
      incidence of phlebitis associated with intravenous infusion in 541 patients. A
      total of 277 patients received infusions through intravenous sets with 0.22
      micron IVEX-HP filters, and 264 received infusions without filters. Each infusion
      was evaluated daily for a maximum of three days. The incidence of phlebitis on
      Days 1, 2, and 3 of the study was 14.3, 31.1, and 27 per cent for patients
      receiving infusions without filters and 6.8, 9.7, and 11.3 per cent for those
      receiving infusions through the filters (P less than 0.001). Thus, the incidence
      was reduced by approximately two thirds in the patients who received infusions
      through the IVEX-HP filters. We conclude that infusion-related phlebitis is a
      pervasive problem in hospitalized patients, and that it is usually caused by
      microparticulate components that are present in the infusion fluids and can be
      removed by in-line filtration.

PMID- 3880598
TI  - The contribution of low birth weight to infant mortality and childhood morbidity.
AB  - The low-birth-weight infant remains at much higher risk of mortality than the
      infant with normal weight at birth. In the neonatal period, when most infant
      deaths occur, the proportion of low-birth-weight infants, especially those with
      very low weight, is the major determinant of the magnitude of the mortality
      rates. Furthermore, differences in low-birth-weight rates account for the higher
      neonatal mortality rates observed in some groups, particularly those
      characterized by socioeconomic disadvantages. Much of the recent decline in
      neonatal mortality can be attributed to increased survival among low-birth-weight
      infants, apparently as a result of hospital-based services. The application of
      these services is currently considered cost-effective, although whether this will
      continue to be true in the future is unclear because of the increased survival of
      very tiny infants. Although low-birth-weight infants remain at increased risk of
      both postneonatal mortality and morbidity in infancy and early childhood, the
      risk is substantially smaller than that of neonatal death. In addition, these
      adverse later outcomes have not offset the gains achieved in the neonatal period.
      Nonetheless, the increased survival of high-risk infants raises concern about
      their future requirements for special medical and educational services and about
      the stress on their families. Despite increased access to antenatal services,
      only moderate declines in the proportion of low-birth-weight infants has been
      observed, and almost no change has occurred in the proportion of those with very
      low weight at birth. In addition, in many areas of the country the birth-weight
      specific neonatal mortality rates are similar for groups at high and low risk of
      neonatal death. In view of these findings, continuation of the current decline in
      neonatal mortality and reduction of the mortality differentials between high- and
      low-risk groups require the identification and more effective implementation of
      strategies for the prevention of low-weight births.

PMID- 3880600
TI  - Timing and course of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage using real-time ultrasound.
AB  - Knowledge of the timing and course of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage is
      essential in determining the etiology of hemorrhage, since the key to preventing
      neurologic damage in newborns is to define preventable causes and to treat the
      complications of hemorrhage. In an intensive study of 49 neonates delivered less
      than or equal to 32 weeks gestation, the initial hemorrhage typically occurred in
      the first three days of life, with 36% occurring on day 1, 32% on day 2, and 18%
      on day 3. Most of the major hemorrhages (Grades III and IV) occurred on day 1,
      although ventricular enlargement occurred at a variable time after the initial
      insult. By the sixth day, 91% of all intracranial hemorrhage had occurred.

PMID- 3880599
TI  - Maternal connective tissue disease and congenital heart block. Demonstration of
      immunoglobulin in cardiac tissue.

PMID- 3880601
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in obstetric diagnosis.
AB  - Five patients with abnormal pregnancies were examined with ultrasound (US) and
      magnetic resonance imaging (MR). Three had a malformed fetus, 1 had a molar
      pregnancy, and 1 had an ovarian mass. Both maternal and fetal structures were
      clearly shown, although fetal motion may have resulted in image degradation in
      some cases. The authors suggest that MR may be useful in obstetric diagnosis.

PMID- 3880602
TI  - Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: correlative US and CT study.
AB  - A total of 24 cases of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) due to Echinococcus
      multilocularis was assessed by US and CT. The diagnosis was confirmed in all
      cases by immunologic and histologic study. Both US and CT patterns of HAE showed
      changes of liver morphology in both contour and size. Abnormal areas of
      parenchyma were nodular or in fields, irregular, heterogeneous, and basically
      echogenic. On CT these lesions were hypodense (30 to 40 HU) and did not show
      enhancement after administration of intravenous contrast medium. Clustered
      microcalcifications were encountered within the abnormal parenchymal fields in
      50% of cases, and necrotized zones occurred in 40% of cases. Dilatation of
      intrahepatic bile ducts was commonly seen, especially on US; hilar involvement
      was frequent. Follow-up by both techniques can display increases of primary
      lesions, occurrence of new foci, and local or regional extensions. Precise
      evaluation of the lesions arising from correlative use of US and CT permits
      adequate therapeutic management.

PMID- 3880604
TI  - Submucosal edema of the collecting system: a new ultrasonic sign of severe, acute
      renal allograft rejection. A clinical note.
AB  - Parenchymal edema is one of the patho-physiological results of the renal
      allograft rejection process. We report three instances of edema visualized within
      the renal pelvis at the clinical peak of acute rejection, representing a late,
      but highly specific, sign of this condition. Its occurrence does not imply
      clinical irreversibility.

PMID- 3880603
TI  - Dilatation of the cystic veins in portal hypertension: sonographic demonstration.
AB  - High-resolution real-time ultrasound (6 MHz) demonstrated vascular dilatation in
      the adventitial layer of the gallbladder in 7 patients with portal hypertension.
      The hypertension was due to long-standing cirrhosis in 4 patients; the other 3
      patients had prehepatic hypertension due to thrombosis involving the portal vein
      in 1 and the splenoportal confluence in 2. In one of the cirrhotic patients,
      postmortem correlation of sonographic, angiographic, and pathological findings
      showed that the dilated vessels seen on sonography were cystic veins draining
      normally into the portal vein rather than portosystemic anastomoses. This
      indicates that varicosity of the cystic vein can be associated with portal
      hypertension, taking the form of either passive dilatation or hepatopetal portal
      collateral circulation.

PMID- 3880605
TI  - Renal stone shadowing: an investigation of contributing factors.
AB  - A series of in vitro experiments evaluated the effects of intervening tissue, B
      mode processing algorithms, stone chemical composition, stone size, and
      reverberation artifacts on the acoustic shadows of renal stones. Stone size was
      found to be the most important variable; intervening tissue and focal zone
      placement also affected imaging. Reverberation artifacts may fill in an acoustic
      shadow, but can still provide information. The survey algorithm produced slightly
      clearer shadows than the static storage algorithm. Gray-scale map changes,
      increased power, and chemical composition of calculi did not affect shadowing.

PMID- 3880606
TI  - Extrarenal abnormalities in Tc-99m-DTPA renal blood flow studies.
AB  - We observed extrarenal abnormalities during renal flow scintigraphy and
      retrospectively reviewed 90 patient studies to determine the types and
      frequencies of such abnormal findings. For each routine Tc-99m-DTPA renal flow
      study, we obtained nine 2-second sequential images, which included the heart,
      abdominal aorta, spleen and kidneys. Eighty abnormalities, observed in 62
      patients, were divided into three categories: aortic, 37 cases (aneurysms,
      ectasia, thrombosis, tortuosity, and abruptly decreased flow); splenic, 40 cases
      (enlarged, small, or absent spleen); and miscellaneous, 3 cases (hepatic
      arterialization and very slow circulation). Other correlative studies including
      Tc-99m sulfur colloid-spleen scintigraphy, ultrasonography (US), CT, aortography,
      and surgical and/or autopsy findings were available for corroboration in 56 of 80
      lesions.

PMID- 3880607
TI  - Glomerular filtration rate determined in conjunction with routine renal scanning.
AB  - A method has been developed to estimate glomerular filtration rate using computer
      evaluation of images obtained during routine renal scanning. The technique
      requires less than 40 minutes of imaging time, requires only a single blood
      sample, and correlates highly with 24 hour creatinine clearance.

PMID- 3880608
TI  - Digital angiography: matched filtration versus mask-mode subtraction.
AB  - Matched filtration was compared to mask-mode subtraction in patients undergoing
      routine intravenous digital subtraction angiography. Images were analyzed for
      noise and edge sharpness, and the two techniques were compared subjectively by
      three radiologists. The quantitative results indicated that matched filtration
      increased the signal-to-noise ratio by an average of 2.23 but did not
      significantly increase vessel blurring. Subjectively, the observers favored
      matched filtration over mask-mode subtraction for overall image quality in 26 out
      of 30 cases (p less than 0.005) in terms of both sharpness and freedom from
      motion artifacts.

PMID- 3880609
TI  - Digital celiac arteriography.
AB  - Sixty patients underwent intraarterial DSA with injection into the celiac artery
      for evaluation of various hepatic, pancreatic, and splenic lesions. Twenty of
      these patients also underwent conventional arteriography for comparison.
      Excellent images during the early arterial phase (free of bone superimposition
      and artifacts) were obtained with DSA. The late arterial and parenchymal phases
      of the examination were less definitive when compared with conventional
      angiography. The venous phases of the liver studies were good and compared
      favorably in contrast and resolution to conventional methods. In the late venous
      phase, good images of the portal system were obtained using a small amount of
      contrast medium. Respiratory movements and artifacts were overcome with
      postprocessing. Most of the studies were performed using the 12-inch mode of the
      image intensifier, which represents the best choice between the size of the field
      examined and the spatial resolution of the system. We believe that DSA is a
      suitable substitute for conventional angiography in most patients in whom celiac
      trunk angiography would be used.

PMID- 3880610
TI  - Transfemoral catheterization: mechanical versus manual control of bleeding.
AB  - This study compared hand-held arterial compression with compression by a
      mechanical clamp to achieve hemostasis following transfemoral catheterization in
      3,255 patients from six different hospitals. The time spent in manual compression
      of the artery averaged 33.5 minutes compared with 19.9 minutes using the clamp.
      The incidence of hematoma formation using the manual method was 6%; it was 2%
      using the mechanical device. No ischemic symptoms or complications resulted from
      the use of the holding device. The results suggest that the mechanical method is
      an effective and time-saving alternative to manual compression for control of
      bleeding after transfemoral catheterization.

PMID- 3880611
TI  - A computerized method for rapid quantification of gallbladder volume from real
      time sonograms.
AB  - A computerized method that requires only 1-2 minutes to quantify gallbladder
      volume from real-time sonograms is described. This time is considerably shorter
      than that required using the hand-calculation method. There was a highly
      significant correlation between gallbladder volumes calculated by computer and
      hand (r = 0.97; P less than .001).

PMID- 3880612
TI  - Digital subtraction arthrography.
AB  - The technology of digital subtraction image processing was applied as a
      substitute for conventional arthrographic subtraction techniques in the
      evaluation of 29 joints in 27 patients. There were 15 total hip replacements, one
      total knee replacement, eight wrists, three shoulders, and two ankles.
      Information regarding prosthetic component loosening and ligamentous disruption
      of carpal bone articulations could be determined with a high degree of accuracy
      when compared with information gained using conventional radiographic methods.
      Our results indicate that this method may be a suitable substitute for other
      arthrographic techniques.

PMID- 3880613
TI  - Small, asymptomatic angiomyolipomas of the kidney.
AB  - Ultrasound (US) detected 27 small, asymptomatic renal angiomyolipomas in 18
      patients. Twenty-five lesions were diffusely hyperechoic and 2 were
      heterogeneous. Nephrotomography was positive in 8 out of 12 patients (67%), CT in
      12/14 (86%), and angiography in 10/14 (71%). Percutaneous fine-needle biopsy
      confirmed the diagnosis in 8 out of 12 patients (67%). Nephrotomography and
      angiography were nonspecific, whereas CT and biopsy were most specific because of
      the presence of fatty tissue. Angiography helped clarify the degree of
      vascularity of the masses. If the diagnosis can be made preoperatively, more
      conservative management can be undertaken.

PMID- 3880614
TI  - Pancreatic pseudocysts drained through a percutaneous transgastric approach.
AB  - We describe a new method for the percutaneous drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts
      using a transgastric approach. We used this technique in three dogs and six
      patients for whom no other "safe" access route was available. The procedures were
      performed under US guidance alone or with US combined with fluoroscopy. No
      complications were observed.

PMID- 3880615
TI  - Integrated imaging of hepatic tumors in childhood. Part II: Benign lesions
      (congenital, reparative, and inflammatory).
AB  - The authors have encountered benign liver masses as frequently as malignant
      lesions in children with hepatomegaly. Lesions studied included abscesses,
      cavernous hemangioma/hemangioendothelioma, adenoma of glycogen storage disease,
      choledochal cysts, focal nodular hyperplasia, cystic hepatoblastoma, and
      hamartoma. An integrated imaging protocol involving ultrasound, computed
      tomography, and scintigraphy proved to be more helpful than any one modality in
      establishing the benign or malignant nature of a hepatic neoplasm and the type of
      tumor, which is of particular importance when surgical exploration and/or biopsy
      is contraindicated.

PMID- 3880616
TI  - Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3880617
TI  - Heart panel's conclusions questioned.

PMID- 3880618
TI  - Healing of the bile duct anastomosis after transverse choledochotomy or
      transplantation of the liver in the pig.
AB  - A comparison was made in pigs of the tensile strength of the bile duct
      anastomosis after simple dochotomy and after hepatic autograft or allograft. It
      appears that tensile strength returned to normal levels within 15 days of simple
      dochotomy and indeed rose past normal at 50 days, but that after either form of
      hepatic grafting, tensile strength did not reach normal levels even by 50 days
      postoperation.

PMID- 3880619
TI  - Microscopically controlled surgical treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the
      lower lip.
AB  - MCS has stood the test of time and has demonstrated an unusually high five year
      rate of cure of 94.2 per cent in a series of 1,448 consecutive patients treated
      over a period of 40 years. In addition, because of the selectivity of MCS, a
      maximal amount of normal tissue is conserved which permits repair of defects with
      unusually good functional and cosmetic results.

PMID- 3880621
TI  - Cumulative index. Volumes 1-20, 1973-1983.

PMID- 3880620
TI  - Asymptomatic carotid disease.
AB  - The advent of noninvasive screening tests has allowed the identification of an
      increasing number of patients with asymptomatic carotid stenoses. The management
      of these patients must be individualized, as the preferred method of therapy has
      not been established. Such a solution ultimately requires a prospective
      randomized trial to define the natural history of these lesions and to clearly
      establish if surgical therapy has a role. Currently, there is a Veterans
      Administration Cooperative Study underway which will attempt to fill the existing
      information gap. Specifically being examined is the relationship between
      subsequent cerebrovascular symptoms and the degree of stenosis, progression of
      stenosis, contralateral disease and non-carotid operation. This study will not be
      completed for five years, so that other, current guidelines must be sought. It is
      essential that any surgeon considering prophylactic carotid endarterectomy
      demonstrate combined morbidity and mortality figures of less than 3 per cent. The
      patients being considered must also be an acceptable cardiac risk, as myocardial
      infarction represents the most common postoperative complication. Until
      prospective data is available, with a detailed analysis of the degree of
      stenosis, presence of ulceration and ultimate clinical course, the surgeon
      undertaking prophylactic endarterectomy must carefully screen his patients and
      concentrate on groups at high risk. This is especially important as more data on
      the significant incidence (10 to 15 per cent) of carotid restenosis becomes
      available. The results of three studies (34, 36, 69) suggest that those patients
      with hemodynamically significant stenoses, identified noninvasively by OPG
      techniques, are at a greater risk for cerebral ischemic events than those
      patients without significant stenoses. In addition, an observed incidence of
      stroke of 17.5 per cent and an indicence of TIAs of 33 per cent in patients with
      disease progression demonstrated by OPG-K/CPA. The work of another researcher
      (71) suggests that patients with carotid stenoses can be observed until symptoms
      develop or until the stenosis progresses to greater than 80 per cent.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3880622
TI  - Lauriston S. Taylor Lecture. Limitation and assessment in radiation protection.
AB  - Protection against ionizing radiation can follow two fundamentally different
      approaches. In limitation, the maximum permissible dose equivalent is selected on
      the basis of worst-case assumptions on the shape of dose-effect curves and the
      influence of other factors (dose distribution, relative biologic effectiveness,
      etc.). This system has the restricted aim of ensuring that radiation exposure
      results in risks below stipulated levels. In assessment, the functional relation
      and the numeric values required for risk estimation are postulated. This permits
      statements of the absolute values of risks, not only for the maximum permissible
      dose equivalent but also for any lesser dose equivalents. The principal concept
      underlying the assessment system is that of incoherence: lack of interdependence
      between the effects of dose increments and lack of interdependence between the
      effects on the constituent cells and organs of the body. The notion of
      incoherence and the choices of numeric values of risks are subject to substantial
      doubts. They must nevertheless be adopted when risk estimation cannot be avoided.

PMID- 3880624
TI  - Interventional radiology rounds: University of California, San Francisco.
      Radiologic management of abdominal abscesses.

PMID- 3880623
TI  - Cholangiography and interventional biliary radiology in adult liver
      transplantation.
AB  - Radiographic assessment of the biliary tract is often essential in patients who
      have undergone liver transplantation. T- or straight-tube cholangiography,
      percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, and endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiography all may be used. A total of 264 cholangiograms in 79 adult liver
      transplant patients (96 transplants) was reviewed. Normal radiographic features
      of biliary reconstructive procedures, including choledochocholedochostomy and
      choledochojejunostomy, are demonstrated. Complications diagnosed by
      cholangiography included obstruction, bile leaks, and tube problems, seen in
      eight, 24, and 12 transplants respectively. Stretching and incomplete filling of
      intrahepatic biliary ducts were frequently noted and may be associated with
      rejection and other conditions. Transhepatic biliary drainage, balloon catheter
      dilatation of strictures, replacement of dislodged T-tubes, and restoring patency
      of obstructed T-tubes using interventional radiologic techniques were important
      in avoiding complications and additional surgery in selected patients.

PMID- 3880625
TI  - Digital processing of film radiographs.
AB  - Initial clinical experience with a system for the digitization, processing, and
      display of film radiographs is described. Film is digitized using a high
      intensity laser scanner; the recorded image data may then be subjected to a wide
      variety of processing options, with display of processed images on television
      monitors. The possibilities of clinical applications to processing and display of
      chest radiographs and film mammograms are described. A comparison of conventional
      analog subtraction and digitized film subtraction angiography indicated
      equivalent diagnostic capability, with the advantage of flexible, interactive
      image processing with the digital technique. A specially designed, energy
      selective cassette permits dual-energy imaging from two films effectively exposed
      to different x-ray energy spectra. Dual-energy imaging may be capable of the
      characterization of body materials, including lung nodules, and useful for
      eliminating obscuring radiographic shadows overlying regions of interest.

PMID- 3880627
TI  - Computer-assisted instruction.

PMID- 3880626
TI  - The American Board of Radiology: its 50th anniversary.

PMID- 3880628
TI  - Comparison of sonography and plain films in evaluation of the acute abdomen.
AB  - In 95 patients with acute abdominal pain seen in the emergency ward of a large
      urban teaching hospital, real-time sonography was performed in conjunction with a
      plain film of the abdomen in order to detect what, if any, added information was
      provided by the sonographic examination. In 20 patients (21%) the sonogram
      contributed important diagnostic information not provided by the plain film of
      the abdomen. Most of these patients had pathology referable to the biliary tract
      (14 of 20). In 28 patients (30%), the sonogram confirmed the diagnosis by
      abdominal film. In 39 (41%) the sonogram added no relevant information, and in
      three (3%) it was deleterious. In five (5%) the plain film provided more
      information than the sonogram.

PMID- 3880629
TI  - Sensitivity of sonography in pyonephrosis: a reevaluation.
AB  - OFF sonographic features distinguishing randomly selected cases of simple
      hydronephrosis (34 patients) from pyonephrosis (16 patients) were reviewed in 50
      patients. Fluid-fluid levels and coarse medium-intensity echoes within the renal
      collecting system were highly reliable findings for pyonephrosis in 10 patients.
      However, in six patients with proven pyonephrosis, the renal collecting system
      either was anechoic (four patients) or contained low-level echoes (two) that were
      difficult to distinguish from artifacts. Although the specificity for diagnosing
      pyonephrosis was 100%, the sensitivity was only 62%. Because of the consequences
      of misdiagnosis, sonographically guided diagnostic needle aspiration may still be
      required in patients with urosepsis and significant hydronephrosis.

PMID- 3880630
TI  - The fallacy of placental migration: effect of sonographic techniques.
AB  - A study of 233 consecutive second-trimester sonographic examinations performed
      between 15 and 20 weeks showed no cases of apparent placenta previa and only one
      case (0.4%) that appeared to be a marginal placenta previa. This differs from
      previously reported incidences of false-positive placenta previa of 5.6%-45%. The
      difference is thought to result from the technique of studying patients with
      completely empty bladders, taking special views of the internal os, and
      recognizing the temporary changes produced by myometrial contractions, which can
      give the false-positive diagnosis of placenta previa.

PMID- 3880631
TI  - Sonographic features of parovarian cysts.
AB  - Parovarian cysts are responsible for about 10% of all adnexal masses. They arise
      from the tissues of the broad ligament, predominantly from mesothelium covering
      the peritoneum but also from paramesonephric and mesonephric remnants. When
      large, they become symptomatic due to pressure effect. Clinically it is difficult
      to distinguish an ovarian mass from one arising in the parovarium. A series of
      eight surgically and pathologically proven parovarian cysts is presented. All
      were symptomatic and most were palpable. Sonographically they were thin-walled,
      smoothly marginated, unilocular cysts. Six of the eight were located superior to
      the fundus of the uterus. Parovarian cysts should be included in the differential
      diagnosis along with large physiologic ovarian cysts and unilocular ovarian
      cystadenoma when a mass with the above sonographic features is demonstrated.

PMID- 3880632
TI  - In utero sonographic recognition of diastematomyelia.

PMID- 3880633
TI  - Abraham M. Lilienfeld: an appreciation.

PMID- 3880634
TI  - Use of epidemiology in medical specialties: an examination by citation analysis.
AB  - Epidemiologic methods have been applied unevenly among medical specialties.
      Identifying current uses and areas of potential research helps clarify and define
      the field. Using citation analysis of published data, the patterns of references
      to and by the American Journal of Epidemiology were examined for 1974-1982;
      17,574 citations to and 15,872 citations by that Journal were classified
      according to the subject category of the referencing or referenced journal.
      Internal medicine and public health/epidemiology journals accounted for the
      largest proportion of all citations, followed by journals of immunology, cancer,
      microbiology, pediatrics, cardiovascular system, virology, tropical medicine,
      statistics, and obstetrics/gynecology. Few citations to or by the Journal were
      found in the allergy, anesthesiology, dermatology, geriatrics, hematology,
      nephrology, orthopedics, otorhinolaryngology, radiology, rheumatology, and
      urology journals. Examination of citations between clinical and epidemiologic
      literature suggests that adequate interchange between clinicians and
      epidemiologists is occurring. Citation analysis results for the American Journal
      of Epidemiology were significantly correlated (p less than 0.05) with those from
      a MEDLINE search on epidemiologic methods used in research in 22 clinical
      specialties. Despite inherent limitations, citation analysis appears to be a
      useful tool for examining interactions and trends in epidemiology and for
      identifying fields which may be ripe for new epidemiologic studies.

PMID- 3880635
TI  - Treatment of cutaneous abscess: a double-blind clinical study.
AB  - Controversy exists about the value of antibiotic therapy following incision and
      drainage of cutaneous abscess. We undertook a randomized double-blind study to
      clarify the controversy. Adult patients with cutaneous abscesses who received
      outpatient surgical therapy were entered into the study. Following incision and
      drainage, patients received cephradine or placebo for seven days using a
      randomized code in a double-blind fashion. At the end of seven days, patients
      were reevaluated. Twenty-seven patients were treated with cephradine, and 23 with
      placebo. Ninety-six percent of the patients in each group were improved
      clinically after seven days. We conclude that cephradine did not alter the
      outcome of cutaneous abscesses at one week after incision and drainage. The
      implications are twofold: patients are not exposed to the potential side effects
      and allergic reactions of antibiotics, and the cost of health care can be reduced
      by not prescribing antibiotics in these patients.

PMID- 3880636
TI  - Assessing severity of adult asthma and need for hospitalization.
AB  - Exacerbations of asthma requiring emergency treatment are common but,
      fortunately, asthma is rarely life threatening. In the course of treating acute
      asthmatics, however, the question of whether to admit the patient often is
      raised. With the current costs of hospitalization and morbidity associated with
      the disease, it is advantageous to be able to separate accurately those who
      require in-hospital treatment from those who can be treated as outpatients. The
      choice to hospitalize the asthmatic patient must be based on objective findings,
      including spirometry alone, spirometry plus history and physical signs, or index
      scoring (Figure). The best method awaits elucidation by prospective study. The
      most objective indicator of asthma severity is the indirect measurement of
      airways obstruction by spirometry, either by FEV1.0 or PEFR. FEV1.0 and PEFR
      yield comparable results. Simple, inexpensive devices for these measurements are
      available. An FEV1.0 less than 0.8 to 1.0 L (less than 25% predicted in women and
      men ages 25 to 65 years) or a PEFR less than 100 L/min (less than 20% predicted
      in women and men ages 25 to 65 years) accurately indicates a severe asthma
      exacerbation. The percentage predicted is utilized in those individuals who lack
      average stature. An increase in FEV1.0 to greater than 1.6 to 2.1 L (greater than
      60% predicted) or a PEFR improvement to greater than 300 L/min (greater than 60%
      predicted) after therapy negates the need for hospitalization. In order to gain
      such improvement the patient may require approximately four to six hours of
      outpatient treatment. Some will treat patients for longer periods. Evidence of
      worsening obstruction or impending respiratory failure during this period
      mandates admission.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3880637
TI  - Epiglottitis presenting as acute pulmonary edema.
AB  - Presented is the case of a 2 1/2-year-old with acute pulmonary edema associated
      with epiglottitis prior to intubation. The patient complained only of odynophagia
      and had one brief episode of apnea and flaccid posturing. Chest radiograph
      demonstrated pulmonary edema. A soft tissue radiograph of the neck confirmed the
      diagnosis of epiglottitis. The patient was managed successfully with prompt
      intubation, PEEP, and antibiotics. Pulmonary edema associated with epiglottitis
      may be more common than previously recognized. It may occur prior to or after
      intubation. When pulmonary edema is clinically evident, PEEP should be
      administered early.

PMID- 3880638
TI  - Splenic torsion presenting as a twisted hemorrhagic ovarian cyst.
AB  - Torsion of a wandering spleen is rare, usually presenting as an acute abdomen and
      commonly misdiagnosed. In our case, a 14-year-old girl was diagnosed
      preoperatively as having a twisted hemorrhagic ovarian cyst. On laparotomy, an
      infarcted spleen that was twisted on its pedicle was found in the lower abdomen.
      The patient recovered uneventfully. The clinical spectrum of wandering spleen is
      discussed briefly.

PMID- 3880639
TI  - Autoimmunity in hereditary retinal degeneration. I. Basic studies.
AB  - One hundred and sixteen patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), 64 patients with
      other eye diseases, and 36 control subjects with no known eye disease were
      examined for antiretinal autoimmune activity. Sera were screened by indirect
      immunofluorescence on normal donor human eye sections to detect antibodies to
      human retinal antigens. Forty three of 116 RP patients (37%), 21 out of 64 non-RP
      patients with other eye diseases (33%), and 1 out of 42 controls (2%) had
      antibodies reacting with donor eye retinal antigens. Lymphocytes were tested by
      an in vitro transformation assay to detect cell mediated immunity to retinal
      antigens. Sixteen RP patients (19%), 11 non-RP patients (18%), and four controls
      (10%) showed lymphocyte sensitisation. Autoimmune responses were detected in many
      degenerative ocular disorders, but it is not known if they play a contributory
      pathogenic role.

PMID- 3880640
TI  - Distribution of tetracycline in the conjunctiva of patients on long term systemic
      doses.
AB  - After oral administration of tetracycline fluorescence has been detected in
      biopsy specimens taken from human and animal conjunctiva. The fluorescence is not
      uniform but appears to be concentrated in the goblet cells, around the blood
      vessels, and in a thin film on the external surface of the epithelium. Immersion
      studies suggest there is a selective binding to the surface of the conjunctiva.

PMID- 3880641
TI  - Role of sodium hyaluronate (Healonid) in triangular flap trabeculectomy.
AB  - The role of sodium hyaluronate (Healonid) in trabeculectomy to prevent a shallow
      or flat anterior chamber and hypotonia in the immediate postoperative period is
      reported. Twenty-nine eyes of 27 patients were included in a randomised
      controlled study. Thirteen eyes had trabeculectomy alone, and 16 eyes had
      trabeculectomy performed with Healonid injected into the anterior chamber. The
      results showed that shallowing of the anterior chamber and hypotonia occurred in
      both groups until day 21 postoperatively. There was no statistically significant
      difference between the two groups (p greater than 0.05). Healonid has no
      significant value in maintaining anterior chamber depth and preventing hypotonia
      in the early postoperative period following trabeculectomy.

PMID- 3880642
TI  - Molecular basis of human B cell neoplasia.

PMID- 3880643
TI  - Simultaneous or sequential expression of lymphoid and myeloid phenotypes in acute
      leukemia.
AB  - Acute mixed myeloid-lymphoid leukemia is uncommon. We report four cases in which
      myeloid and lymphoid cell markers were observed simultaneously or sequentially
      when 94 patients with acute leukemia were phenotyped according to the French
      American-British (FAB) classification system, with cytochemical stains, and with
      immunologically defined differentiation markers (identified by monoclonal
      antibodies and antiterminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase [TdT]). In one case,
      conversion from acute lymphoblastic leukemia to acute myeloid leukemia was noted
      (FAB L1, TdT+ to FAB M4, Auer rods, TdT-). In another patient, two distinct
      populations of myeloid and lymphoid blast cells were observed simultaneously (TdT
      , LeuM1+/TdT+, LeuM1-). In two additional patients, acute leukemia was
      characterized by the expression of both lymphoid and myeloid markers on the same
      cell (TdT+/Leu M1+, B4+/Leu M1+ and greater than or equal to 70% TdT+, T11+,
      My9+). The Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome was negative in all cases, though other
      chromosomal abnormalities were noted in three out of four cases. Malignant
      transformation of a pluripotential stem cell for both lymphoid and myeloid
      lineages, with or without the Ph1 chromosome marker, could explain the
      coexistence of distinct populations of lymphoblasts and myeloblasts in acute
      leukemia. Acute leukemia with a biphenotypic profile may reflect genome
      depression accompanying neoplasia.

PMID- 3880644
TI  - A new solid-phase immunoassay for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase: analysis
      of TdT antigen in cells, plasma, and serum.
AB  - A solid-phase immunoassay for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase has been
      developed using a primary antibody-coated polystyrene bead and secondary antibody
      conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. The immunoassay was compared with assays
      for enzyme activity and detection of antigen with immunofluorescence using cells
      from peripheral blood and bone marrow from patients with leukemia or lymphoma. In
      each instance, the solid-phase immunoassay correlated correctly with cellular
      samples judged to be positive by other tests. However, the level of detection of
      terminal transferase antigen in plasma or serum of patients with leukemia did not
      reflect accurately the level of terminal transferase in neoplastic cells. The
      solid-phase immunoassay was greater than 100-fold more sensitive than
      conventional assays for enzyme activity, rendering it potentially useful for
      quantitatively monitoring terminal transferase in patients with leukemia.

PMID- 3880645
TI  - Platelets contain proteins immunologically related to red cell spectrin and
      protein 4.1.
AB  - Human platelets were tested for the presence of proteins immunologically cross
      reactive with red cell spectrin and protein 4.1. As assessed by indirect
      immunofluorescence microscopy, platelets were specifically reactive with affinity
      purified rabbit antisera against red cell spectrin and protein 4.1. The
      immunoreactive platelet constituents were further analyzed by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by electrophoretic transfer
      to nitrocellulose paper and immunoperoxidase staining. We found that whole
      platelets, membranes, and cytoskeletal preparations isolated by Triton X-100
      extraction contain small amounts of proteins reacting with anti-spectrin or anti
      protein 4.1 antiserum. The immunoreactive spectrin-like platelet protein has an
      apparent molecular weight of 240,000 and comigrates with the alpha-subunit of red
      cell spectrin. The major immunoreactive protein 4.1-like constituent has an
      apparent molecular weight of 78,000, which is slightly less than that of red cell
      protein 4.1. We conclude that platelets contain a spectrin-like protein which, by
      analogy with red cell spectrin, may have a role in membrane-cytoskeletal
      attachment. The properties and function of the platelet protein 4.1-like
      constituent are not yet known.

PMID- 3880646
TI  - Hotel-Dieu de Quebec: the story of Canada's oldest hospital.

PMID- 3880647
TI  - UBC researcher tracks cause of Alzheimer's dementia.

PMID- 3880648
TI  - Community efforts help Alzheimer's victims.

PMID- 3880649
TI  - Access to organs for transplantation: overcoming "rejection".
AB  - Recent success in overcoming rejection of transplanted organs has led to a much
      greater demand for organs from donors and to a reconsideration of mechanisms for
      increasing the availability of organs from cadavers. In the latter respect the
      two basic systems are "contracting-in" and "contracting-out". Each system has
      different benefits and harms, and it is a value judgement that should be adopted.
      However, both systems raise legal, ethical and practical issues that must be
      addressed if organs for transplantation are to become available to all who need
      them.

PMID- 3880650
TI  - CMA 1984-85 directory.

PMID- 3880651
TI  - Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. A
      possible manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease.
AB  - Interstitial pneumonia (IP) is a frequent and serious complication of bone marrow
      transplantation with a median time of onset about 2 months posttransplant. Most
      cases result either from toxicity of radiation and chemotherapy or from infection
      with pathogens such as cytomegalovirus. Described are two patients with chronic
      graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) who presented with late-onset IP 242 and 632
      days posttransplant. Histologic examination of lung biopsy specimens disclosed a
      lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) in both cases. The major lymphocyte subset
      found in bronchoalveolar lavages and lung tissue was OKT8(+) and showed a
      positive dot staining for acid phosphatase. Contrary to peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells, most OKT8(+) lymphocytes in the lungs were OKT3(-). Since
      acute GVHD lesions are mediated mainly by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, our data
      suggest that LIP in marrow-grafted patients may be a manifestation of chronic
      GVHD. It should be distinguished from the more common types of IP encountered
      following bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 3880652
TI  - Malignant teratoma in the brain. An immunohistochemical study.
AB  - A case of intracranial malignant teratoma found in a 27-year-old man was
      reported. This unique tumor was found in the right frontal lobe separated from
      the pineal region and revealed various tissue components such as stratified
      squamous epithelium, glandular tissues, neuron, glia, ependyma, fibromuscular
      tissue, cartilage, bone, hemangiomatous lesion, melanin-laden cells, and some
      germ cell components. An immunohistochemical study demonstrated the presence of S
      100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron-specific enolase
      (NSE), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and Factor VIII in some tumourous
      components. In particular, the distribution of S-100 protein in some germ cells
      suggested the possibility of the neuroectodermal origin of the germ cells or,
      alternatively, differentiation to the neuroectoderm.

PMID- 3880653
TI  - Immunohistochemical study of carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with colorectal
      cancer. Correlation with plasma carcinoembryonic antigen levels.
AB  - Using peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was
      demonstrated in conventionally processed colorectal cancer tissues. A new
      immunohistochemical grading for colorectal cancers based on the mode of the
      localization was made in an attempt to clarify the factors responsible for
      elevation of plasma CEA levels in colorectal cancer patients. Most of the
      patients with well differentiated adenocarcinoma, in which CEA was densely
      distributed along the apical surface but only rarely present along the
      basolateral surfaces of the carcinoma cells, had very low levels of plasma CEA,
      whereas all patients showing CEA distribution in the stroma as well as over the
      entire surfaces of the cancer cells and their cytoplasm showed high plasma CEA
      levels. In addition, there was a good correlation between the grading and
      presence of the blood vessel and lymphatic invasions. Thus, the appearance of CEA
      in the surrounding stroma, due to abnormal distribution of CEA on the basolateral
      plasma membrane of cancer cells, may play a significant role in the elevation of
      plasma CEA levels in colorectal cancer patients.

PMID- 3880654
TI  - Growth hormone-producing pituitary adenoma with crystal-like amyloid
      immunohistochemically positive for growth hormone.
AB  - Growth hormone (GH)-producing pituitary adenoma from a 50-year-old acromegalic
      female was studied histochemically, immunohistochemically and electron
      microscopically. The adenoma was characterized by numerous crystal-like amyloid
      bodies of 5 to 40 micron in diameter. In the periphery of the crystal-like
      amyloid, bundles of amyloid fibrils were closely associated with deep
      invaginations of adenoma cells. The adenoma cells had numerous vesicles and
      vacuoles filled with amyloid fibrils, some of which were continuous with
      extracellular space. The crystal-like amyloids, as well as the adenoma cells,
      were immunohistochemically positive for GH. It might be possible that disorder of
      hydrolysis of "prohormone," from which GH is elaborated, is responsible for the
      amyloid production, and that amyloid discharge is accompanied with immunoreactive
      GH.

PMID- 3880655
TI  - Metabolic abnormalities in the cancer patient.
AB  - Many malnourished patients with cancer fail to gain weight with what appears to
      be adequate nutritional support. Metabolic abnormalities resulting from remote
      effects of the tumor on host metabolism have been postulated to increase energy
      requirements in such cancer patients. In the current study, 44 patients with lung
      cancer who had significant weight loss (16 +/- 2% of usual body weight) were
      studied under metabolic ward conditions. Whole body glucose production rates were
      significantly elevated in cancer patients compared to age-matched healthy
      controls. Blood glucose levels 2 hours after a standard oral glucose challenge
      were also significantly increased, but insulin levels were not different at this
      time. Fasting glucose and insulin levels were not different. Fasting plasma
      alanine levels were significantly decreased in these patients, while branched
      chain amino acids were not different. Increased alanine flux for gluconeogenesis
      is likely to reflect a basic metabolic abnormality in patients with cancer and
      could be explained on the basis of a resistance to insulin action in such
      patients.

PMID- 3880656
TI  - Pediatric Oncology Group experience with modified LSA2-L2 therapy in 107 children
      with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (Burkitt's lymphoma excluded).
AB  - From September 1976 to August 1979 the Pediatric Oncology Group accessed 145
      children to study the effectiveness of modified LSA2-L2 therapy for the treatment
      of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Burkitt's lymphoma patients were ineligible; E
      rosette-positive patients with greater than or equal to 25% blasts in the marrow
      entered after February 1977 were reported separately. Radiotherapy could be used
      to treat patients with compressive mediastinal disease at diagnosis and was
      prescribed for those with residual abdominal disease as demonstrated by second
      look surgery on completion of induction chemotherapy. Confirmation of diagnosis
      by the Pathology Panel and Repository Center for Lymphoma Clinical Trials was
      mandatory. Diagnostic tissues of 131 patients were reviewed. Among 107 evaluable
      patients, 91 (85%) achieved complete remission. Differences in response rates
      among the three major histologic groups (lymphoblastic, undifferentiated, and
      large cell) were of statistical significance, with response being poorest for
      diffuse undifferentiated lymphoma (P = 0.03). Failure-free survival did not
      differ significantly for the three major histologic diagnoses. While response
      rate was lowest for Murphy Stage III patients (79%), the differences among the
      stages were not significant. Stage was not a significant prognostic factor for
      failure-free survival (P = 0.08). The number of patients still at risk and the
      Kaplan-Meier estimate of percentage of patients remaining at risk after 3 years
      is: Stage I, 8 (100%); Stage II, 10 (67%); Stage III, 28 (57%); Stage IV, 6
      (39%); and greater than 25% blasts, 1 (13%). Stage III failure curves for
      lymphoblastic disease show continuing stepwise failure through 3 years. Among
      patients with diffuse large cell and undifferentiated disease, most failures
      occurred by 8 months. M1 and M2 levels of marrow involvement were not prognostic
      among children with lymphoblastic disease. The presence of a mediastinal mass was
      a significant factor contributing to failure in children with lymphoblastic
      disease without marrow involvement. Leucocytosis greater than 10,000/1, was a
      significant (P = less than 0.001) factor predicting failure-free survival for
      patients with large cell lymphoma. The delivery of radiotherapy was not a
      significant factor in achieving remission. No consistent benefit resulted from
      using radiotherapy to treat postinduction residual disease demonstrated on second
      look exploration. The LSA2-L2 regimen was associated with considerable toxicity,
      severe or worse in 77% and life-threatening to 40% of these patients. Four died
      of toxicity. However, therapy was given more easily and safely as investigator
      experience increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3880657
TI  - A comparative randomized trial of vinca alkaloids in patients with metastatic
      breast carcinoma.
AB  - The therapeutic efficacy of vincristine, vinblastine, and vindesine were
      evaluated in a prospective randomized trial in patients with metastatic breast
      carcinoma. All patients were refractory to doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy.
      Vincristine was administered at 0.4 mg/m2/1/day by continuous infusion (CI),
      vinblastine at 1.7 mg/M2/1/day by CI, and vindesine at 1.2 mg/M2/1/day by CI or
      intermittent bolus (IB) over 5 days. The courses were administered at 2-week
      intervals for vincristine and 3-week intervals for vinblastine and vindesine.
      Ninety-nine patients were evaluable for response. The 15 patients treated with
      vincristine had no objective response. Of 23 patients treated with vinblastine,
      there were 2 complete responses (9%) and 5 partial responses (22%). Of 31
      patients treated with CI vindesine, there were 6 partial responses (19%). Of 30
      patients treated with IB vindesine, there were 5 partial responses (17%). The
      median duration of disease control was 13 weeks (range, 8-140+) for vinblastine,
      18 weeks (range, 8-34) for CI vindesine, and 20 weeks (range, 12-47) for IB
      vindesine. These data illustrate that vinblastine (CI) and vindesine (CI or IB)
      have significant antitumor activity in patients with refractory metastatic breast
      carcinoma and that vincristine has not antitumor activity in similar patients.

PMID- 3880658
TI  - Treatment of advanced esthesioneuroblastoma with high-dose chemotherapy and
      autologous bone marrow transplantation. A case report.
AB  - A 46-year-old woman presented with an advanced unresectable esthesioneuroblastoma
      which failed to respond to radiation therapy and one course of chemotherapy. She
      underwent treatment with high-dose chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin,
      and vinblastine) followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation. The major
      toxicity from the regimen was severe oropharyngeal mucositis. A complete
      remission was achieved and the patient is free of disease and asymptomatic 3.5
      years after treatment.

PMID- 3880659
TI  - Large cell lymphoma. II. Differential diagnosis of centroblastic and B
      immunoblastic subtypes by morphometry on cytologic preparations.
AB  - Measurements were made, using semiautomatic electronic planimetry, of nuclear and
      nucleolar parameters of cytologic preparations from 18 cases of centroblastic and
      9 cases of B-immunoblastic Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, in order to determine whether
      these two subgroups of large cell lymphoma could be differentiated objectively by
      morphologic criteria. Statistically significant differences between centroblastic
      and B-immunoblastic lymphoma occurred in the mean and standard deviation of
      nucleolar area, the mean nuclear area, and the number of nucleoli per nucleus.
      The most useful discriminatory parameter was mean nucleolar area. The mean
      percentage of immunoblasts, defined as cells with nuclear area greater than 35
      micron 2 and mean nucleolar area greater than 3 micron 2, was significantly
      different between the two groups of patients. The results suggest that although
      the groups of centroblastic and of immunoblastic lymphomas can be differentiated
      by measurable morphologic criteria, the individual cases form a spectrum from
      nodular centroblastic through diffuse centroblastic to immunoblastic, with
      polymorphic forms in between. A comparison with the results of a similar study on
      histologic sections from the same patients demonstrated that morphologic
      measurements on these two types of material are not interchangeable but, in
      general, the same conclusions were reached by morphometric study on histologic
      and cytologic specimens.

PMID- 3880660
TI  - Improved control of cisplatin-induced emesis with high-dose metoclopramide and
      with combinations of metoclopramide, dexamethasone, and diphenhydramine. Results
      of consecutive trials in 255 patients.
AB  - A series of consecutive trials were undertaken to determine whether higher doses
      of intravenous metoclopramide and combinations of metoclopramide, dexamethasone,
      and diphenhydramine would improve antiemetic control or decrease treatment
      related side effects in patients receiving cisplatin at 120 mg/m2. Metoclopramide
      and dexamethasone were studied because of their proven efficacy as single agents
      and their differing mechanisms of action and side effects. Diphenhydramine was
      used because of its possible antiemetic properties and its ability to control
      acute dystonic reactions. Two hundred fifty-five patients who had never received
      chemotherapy or antiemetics were observed in the hospital for the 24 hours
      following cisplatin administration. The addition of dexamethasone or
      dexamethasone plus diphenhydramine to intravenous metoclopramide 2 mg/kg produced
      both improved antiemetic control and a decrease in treatment-associated diarrhea
      (P = 0.002). The use of metoclopramide alone at a dose of 3 mg/kg for only two
      doses appeared as effective as 2 mg/kg for five doses. When dexamethasone and
      diphenhydramine were given with metoclopramide 3 mg/kg for two intravenous
      dosages, 81% of patients experienced no emesis and 93% had two or fewer vomiting
      episodes. The antiemetic results of this 2-hour "short-course" regimen were
      superior to metoclopramide 2 mg/kg, with (P = 0.002) or without (P = 0.0001)
      dexamethasone and diphenhydramine. It was concluded that combinations of
      metoclopramide plus dexamethasone plus diphenhydramine improve antiemetic
      control, facilitate the usage of higher doses of metoclopramide, and decrease the
      incidence of treatment-related side effects.

PMID- 3880661
TI  - Malignant lymphoma and malignant angioendotheliomatosis: one disease.
AB  - A patient was diagnosed as having angioendotheliomatosis proliferans systemisata
      (APS) based on characteristic clinical and histologic features. A few days later,
      malignant lymphoma involving the gut was discovered. Immunohistochemical and
      electronmicroscopic studies confirmed the nonendothelial and lymphoid nature of
      intravascular tumor cells. This is the sixth case in which malignant lymphoma has
      been shown to involve the vessels of the skin (and probably of other organs) in a
      pattern identical to that seen in APS.

PMID- 3880662
TI  - Residual tumor masses following treatment for advanced histiocytic lymphoma.
      Diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
AB  - Forty percent or more of patients with advanced diffuse histiocytic (large cell)
      lymphoma will achieve prolonged disease-free survival with the use of intensive
      combination chemotherapy. These results are obtained only if complete resolution
      of all viable tumor is documented prior to the cessation of chemotherapy.
      Residual tumor masses at the time of re-staging usually are excised or biopsied
      to confirm the presence or absence of viable tumor. Three patients are reported
      who had with advanced histiocytic (large cell) lymphoma, and who demonstrated
      residual intra-abdominal tumor masses on CT scan following four courses of COPP
      chemotherapy. After two additional courses of a non-cross-resistant regimen
      and/or supplemental radiotherapy failed to reduce the size of the masses,
      abdominal exploration with removal of the tumors including splenectomy in one
      patient was performed, and in each instance no viable tumor was found. The
      patients have remained disease-free for periods ranging from 24 to 48 months. The
      various options available to evaluate such patients are presented, and a
      systematic approach which should avoid the unnecessary prolongation of
      potentially harmful chemotherapy or radiotherapy is proposed.

PMID- 3880663
TI  - Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis in bone marrow transplant patients.
AB  - We reviewed the findings in 2381 consecutive autopsies, a series containing 91
      bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients, and found 45 cases of nonbacterial
      thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE). The overall prevalence of NBTE was 1.9%. NBTE was
      present in seven BMT patients, for a prevalence of 7.7%. The rate of NBTE in BMT
      patients was significantly greater than the rate of NBTE in the general autopsy
      population (P less than 0.001). The frequency of NBTE was not increased in
      patients with the individual underlying diseases for which BMT was a possible
      treatment (the BMT candidate diseases [BMTCD]). When rates of NBTE were compared
      in patients with BMTCD, there was a significantly higher rate in patients who had
      received BMT than in those who had not (P less than 0.02). These findings
      indicate that NBTE occurs with greater frequency in BMT patients and that there
      may be features of the BMT regimen that predispose patients to develop NBTE.
      Although several factors related to BMT are discussed as potential contributors
      to the increased prevalence of NBTE, we were not able to demonstrate an
      association between NBTE and any single factor. Since NBTE is an important cause
      of arterial embolization, an awareness of the increased frequency of NBTE in BMT
      patients is important for clinicians who must interpret neurologic and other
      abnormalities in BMT recipients.

PMID- 3880664
TI  - Phenotypic and ultrastructural characterization of a medullary thymocyte acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia with cellular procoagulant activity.
AB  - The phenotypic and ultrastructural characterization of the blast cells from a T
      cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) that was associated with disseminated
      intravascular coagulation (DIC) is described. The bone marrow blasts were
      considered to represent neoplastic medullary thymocytes and were acid phosphatase
      (+), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (-), acid alpha-naphthyl acetate
      esterase (-), E-rosette (+) at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C, Fc- and C3-receptor
      (-), and cALLA-, Ia-, 9.6+, OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT6+/-, OKT8+, OKT10+. On transmission
      electron microscopic study, the predominant cell was 6 micron in diameter and
      possessed an irregular nucleus, moderate-sized nucleolus, marginated
      heterochromatin, abundant Golgi elements and granules, and prominent intermediate
      filaments. The cells were analyzed with normal and factor-deficient human plasmas
      and contained significant amounts of tissue factor-like procoagulant activity.
      This is the first report of a well-characterized medullary thymocyte T-ALL in
      which DIC was an accompanying feature, and the first demonstration of tissue
      factor-like procoagulant activity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In view of
      thrombohemorrhagic phenomena observed in association with other medullary
      thymocyte leukemias, these findings suggest that tissue factor-like procoagulant
      activity may be a characteristic of medullary thymocyte-derived lymphoid
      leukemias.

PMID- 3880665
TI  - Chemoprevention of cancer.

PMID- 3880666
TI  - Evidence for absence of toxicity of T101 immunotoxin on human hematopoietic
      progenitor cells prior to bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - T101-ricin A-chain immunotoxin is a hybrid molecule made up of the T101
      monoclonal antibody bound to the A-chain of ricin. It specifically destroys cells
      expressing the cell surface T65 antigen. We have designed a preclinical study to
      evaluate its possible use for the in vitro treatment of T-cell hematological
      cancers prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation. The data presented here
      show that conditions previously defined to produce high tumor cell killing, i.e.,
      a 20-hr incubation at 37 degrees in the presence of T101-ricin A-chain
      immunotoxin up to 10(-7) M in a 10 mM ammonium chloride solution, do not affect
      the in vitro proliferative capacity of human hematopoietic stem cells studied by
      means of semisolid medium cultures (granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, burst
      forming units-erythrocyte) and continuous liquid cultures (pre-granulocyte
      macrophage progenitors). Therefore, autologous bone marrow transplantation with
      T101-ricin A-chain immunotoxin-treated graft should be feasible.

PMID- 3880667
TI  - Comparative immunoperoxidase demonstration of T-antigens in human colorectal
      carcinomas and morphologically abnormal mucosa.
AB  - The T-antigen (Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen) is a well-characterized tumor
      associated glycoprotein that is immunologically reactive in humans. In order to
      demonstrate the presence of T-antigens in colorectal tissue, benign and malignant
      tissue from 46 patients with colorectal cancer were examined by means of an
      immunoperoxidase method. Peanut agglutinin and a polyclonal immune rabbit
      antiserum were used to demonstrate T-antigens on 72% of formalin-fixed malignant
      specimens and on more than 92% of frozen malignant specimens. Both ligands bound
      to the cell membrane and secreted mucus, but only the rabbit serum showed routine
      staining of the cytoplasm. The T-antigen distribution was heterogeneous without
      relation to degree of differentiation. Transitional mucosa adjacent to malignant
      tissue showed a strong anti-T binding to secreted mucus. Slightly morphologically
      altered crypts remote from the carcinoma expressed T-antigens. Unexpectedly, both
      ligands bound to nerve cells of the enteric ganglia. These contain gangliosides
      with immunodominant oligosaccharides identical with those on the T-antigen.
      Therefore, cross-reactions might have occurred between the gangliosides and the
      used ligands. The T-antigens now seem to be present in various widespread
      cancers, and they probably occur early in malignant transformation.

PMID- 3880668
TI  - Sex-dependent induction of hepatic enzymes for mutagenic activation of a
      tryptophan pyrolysate component, 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]-indole, by
      feeding in mice.
AB  - Male and female BALB/c X DBA/2 F1 mice were treated with a diet containing 0.02%
      3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]-indole (Trp P-1), a hepatocarcinogenic
      tryptophan pyrolysate component, and the capacities of subcellular fractions of
      the liver to catalyze the mutagenic activation of Trp P-1 and its analogue Trp P
      2 (4-demethylated Trp P-1) were examined by the in vitro Salmonella test with
      strain TA 98. In mice on control diet, both 9000 X g supernatant (S-9) and
      microsomal fractions from female mice livers displayed only 1.1- to 1.3-fold
      higher capacities for the mutagenic activation of either Trp P-1 or Trp P-2 than
      did those from male mice livers. When mice were treated with the Trp P-1 diet for
      1 week, the S-9 activity in male mice for the Trp P-1 mutagenesis did not change,
      but that in females was increased to 2.5-fold of the female control. Treatment of
      mice with the dietary Trp P-1 for 2 weeks increased the S-9 activities to 2.8
      fold in males and 4.9-fold in females of the same sex controls and the increased
      S-9 activities were not significantly changed by additional Trp P-1 feeding for 2
      weeks. Similar changes in the S-9 activity were observed for the Trp P-2
      mutagenesis. The overall changes in the S-9 activities induced by feeding Trp P-1
      were reflected in the isolated microsomes. However, microsomes derived from the
      same volume of S-9 used exhibited only about one-half (Trp P-1) or one-third (Trp
      P-2) of the activity of the respective complete S-9 mixtures. Addition of liver
      cytosolic fractions (105,000 X g supernatants) from untreated or Trp P-1-treated
      mice to microsomes resulted in enhanced activities. Cytosols alone did not
      activate the compounds to mutagens. The microsome-mediated mutagenicity of either
      Trp P-1 or Trp P-2 was diminished by removal of NADPH from the assay system. It
      was also inhibited by addition of 7,8-benzoflavone and to a lesser extent by SKF
      525A. Enzyme(s) for the mutagenic activation of Trp P-1 was induced by an i.p.
      injection of 3-methylcholanthrene to mice and to a lesser extent by an injection
      of phenobarbital, but no sex differences were observed in these enzyme inductions
      as opposed to the Trp P-1 feeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3880669
TI  - Adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer. Current status and concepts.
AB  - Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the United
      States, causing approximately 50,000 deaths per year. The overall prognosis and
      results of treatment have not changed impressively over the last three decades.
      Half of all the patients who undergo curative surgery finally succumb to
      locoregional or metastatic recurrence of their disease. Recent clinical research
      has been aimed at adjuvant therapeutic measures to improve survival after
      curative surgical resection. For rectal cancer, combined postoperative
      chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been shown to reduce the overall relapse
      rate and improve disease-free survival. Further studies of adjuvant treatment for
      rectal cancer are needed to evaluate the optimal radiation schedule and limit the
      side-effects of the treatment. Adjuvant treatment of colon cancer must still be
      regarded as unsettled. Since liver metastases are the most common unfavorable
      outcome of colon cancer, ongoing trials using liver-directed treatment
      (perfusion, irradiation) should be followed with interest. The lack of proven
      efficacy and the side-effects of these treatments strongly favor the inclusion of
      an observation-only control group in trials for adjuvant treatment of colon
      cancer. Unfortunately, there is as yet no proven significant benefit from
      immunotherapy as an adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer, but further basic and
      clinical studies will be of great interest in this field.

PMID- 3880670
TI  - Lack of reflex increase in myocardial sympathetic tone after captopril: potential
      antianginal effect.
AB  - Many vasodilators have been tried as antianginal agents, but the reflex increase
      in sympathetic tone produced by these drugs necessitate their use with caution in
      patients with angina. In the first part of this study, captopril was given to 14
      patients with angina and systolic arterial pressures of greater than 120 mm Hg.
      Over the short term, captopril decreased arterial blood pressure (from 110 +/- 18
      to 98 +/- 18 mm Hg, p less than .01) without increasing heart rate (75 +/- 15 vs
      74 +/- 15 beats/min), arterial concentrations of epinephrine (0.38 +/- 0.28 vs
      0.34 +/- 0.25 nM) or norepinephrine (2.7 +/- 2.1 vs 2.8 +/- 2.1 nM), or
      transmyocardial norepinephrine balance (216 +/- 254 vs 146 +/- 170 p mol/min).
      Captopril decreased average myocardial oxygen consumption (9.7 +/- 4.1 to 8.2 +/-
      2.7 ml/min, p less than .01). Given over the long term (mean 5.5 months),
      captopril decreased the severity of angina from NYHA classification 3.0 +/- 0.8
      to 1.6 +/- 0.8. In the second part of this study, captopril was given in a
      prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to 21 patients
      with stable exercise-induced angina and systolic arterial pressures greater than
      120 mm Hg. Captopril increased exercise time (309 +/- 137 vs 374 +/- 142 sec, p
      less than .05) without changing anginal threshold (rate-pressure product 17.0 +/-
      6.0 vs 17.1 +/- 5.6 X 10(-3)). We conclude that captopril decreases mean arterial
      pressure without causing a reflex increase in myocardial sympathetic
      tone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3880671
TI  - Cumulative inhibitory effect of low-dose aspirin on vascular prostacyclin and
      platelet thromboxane production in patients with atherosclerosis.
AB  - The relationship between the antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects of aspirin
      is complex, since aspirin influences other systems that protect against
      thrombosis as well as inhibiting platelet function. We investigated possible
      cumulative effects of low-dose aspirin on vascular production of prostacyclin in
      patients with documented atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Candidates for
      coronary artery vein graft bypass ingested 20 mg of aspirin daily during the week
      before surgery, and platelet aggregation, platelet formation of thromboxane A2
      (TXA2), aortic and saphenous vein production of prostacyclin (PGI2), and
      hemostatic status were measured at the time of the bypass surgery. Low-dose
      aspirin markedly inhibited platelet aggregation responses and reduced TXA2
      generation by greater than 90%, effects similar to those observed with much
      higher doses of aspirin. Both aortic and saphenous vein production of PGI2 were
      inhibited by 50% compared with PGI2 produced by vascular tissues of control
      subjects who received no aspirin preoperatively (51 +/- 10 pg 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha/mg aortic wet weight [mean +/- SEM] in aspirin-treated subjects vs 130 +/-
      16 pg/mg in control subjects, and 71 +/- 8 pg/mg saphenous vein wet weight vs 131
      +/- 17 pg/mg). Blood loss at surgery was not significantly increased by
      preoperative low-dose aspirin as measured by chest tube drainage (754 +/- 229 ml
      in aspirin-treated subjects vs 645 +/- 271 ml in control subjects), hematocrit
      nadir (31.2 +/- 1.9% vs 31.8 +/- 1.7%), or transfusions (2.2 +/- 1.3 units of red
      blood cells vs 2.2 +/- 1.7 units).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3880672
TI  - Improved 125I radioimmunoassay for cotinine by selective removal of bridge
      antibodies.
AB  - We describe an 125I-based RIA for cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine. The
      slope of the dose-response curve was quite shallow (6-8% change in binding per
      doubling dose), resulting in between-assay CVs of 15 to 20%. This effect occurred
      because the radioligand formed by linking a cotinine derivative to tyramine
      manifested greater affinity for the anti-cotinine antibodies than did cotinine
      itself. We absorbed the serum with a derivative of nicotine coupled to the
      carrier protein via a chemical bridge similar to that used to form the
      cotinine/carrier protein immunogen. An RIA in which we used such absorbed serum
      showed a significantly increased slope of the dose-response curve (11-13% change
      in binding per doubling dose), and between-assay CVS were only 6 to 8%. We
      suggest that this improvement results because absorption removes anti-bridge
      antibodies directed against the chemical-bond common to the cotinine/carrier
      protein immunogen and to the cotinine/tyramine radioligand.

PMID- 3880673
TI  - Confirmation of the optimal pH for measuring renin activity in plasma.

PMID- 3880674
TI  - Improved substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay for theophylline in dried
      blood spots on filter paper.

PMID- 3880675
TI  - Screening for benzodiazepines in urine after hydrolysis of glucuronide
      conjugates.

PMID- 3880676
TI  - Influence of uremia on four assays for theophylline: improved results with a
      monoclonal antibody in the TDx procedure.

PMID- 3880677
TI  - Poor responsivity of qualitative immunoassay for tricyclic antidepressant drugs
      in serum.

PMID- 3880678
TI  - Evaluation of an immunoenzymetric assay for creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB)

PMID- 3880679
TI  - Reference methodology involving isotope dilution/mass spectrometry.

PMID- 3880680
TI  - Enzyme-antigen immunoassay for human placental alkaline phosphatase in serum and
      tissue extracts, and its application as a tumor marker.
AB  - In this enzyme-antigen immunoassay for human placental alkaline phosphatase
      (hPLAP; EC 3.1.3.1.) in serum and tissue extracts, polyclonal rabbit antiserum to
      mouse IgG2b is adsorbed to the wells of a microtiter plate, its excess binding
      sites are blocked, then it is incubated with murine monoclonal anti-hPLAP and
      mixed with serially diluted standard or sample antigen. The amount of antigen
      bound is determined by measuring its enzymic activity. The standard curve is
      linear for hPLAP concentrations of 0.2 to 1 U/L. The mean within-assay CV was
      3.8% (SD 0.9%) for a serum sample and 6.1% (SD 3.0%) for a tissue extract. The
      respective mean between-assay CVs were: 6.7% (SD 2.0%), and 7.0% (SD 2.0%). Serum
      hPLAP concentrations, determined in four different dilutions, had a CV of 5.5%.
      We evaluated the method by standard additions and by comparing dilution curves
      for purified hPLAP, hPLAP in serum, and hPLAP in tissue extracts. The upper limit
      of activity in normal subjects was 0.1 U/L for serum samples, and 1.0 mU/g wet
      weight of tissue for tissue extracts. hPLAP activity was increased in 9.8% of all
      cancer patients, and in 40% of ovarian cancer patients. Almost half of the tumor
      biopsies were positive for hPLAP activity, and 94% of the biopsies from ovarian
      neoplasia had an increased activity of this isoenzyme. Of the nonmalignant
      tissues examined, normal lung tissue had the highest hPLAP activity.

PMID- 3880681
TI  - Uremic toxins, and their effect on intermediary metabolism.
AB  - In the late stages of chronic renal damage the functional mass of the kidney is
      reduced and there is progression to renal insufficiency, usually called uremia,
      in which all aspects of renal function are affected. The complexity of the
      biochemical aspects of the syndrome of uremia is a manifestation of the wide
      variety and nature of the individual disorders that contribute to the
      pathogenesis of the final clinical syndrome. One major feature is the retention
      of metabolic end products and their effects, as toxins, on intermediary
      metabolism. The retained end products, working singly or in combination, probably
      affect metabolic pathways by some modification of enzymic reactions. They act at
      the cell membrane level. Although "middle molecules" have been incriminated as
      uremic toxins, recent attention has also focused on trace elements--especially
      aluminum, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of two major disorders,
      osteomalacic dialysis osteodystrophy and dialysis encephalopathy.

PMID- 3880682
TI  - Highly sensitive solid-phase immunoenzymometric assay for placental and placental
      like alkaline phosphatases with a monoclonal antibody and monodisperse polymer
      particles.
AB  - We have used a mouse monoclonal antibody (H7) to placental alkaline phosphatase
      (PLAP, EC 3.1.3.1) in developing an immunoenzymometric assay for PLAP and PLAP
      like enzymes. The antibody is bound to sheep anti-mouse IgG (Ab2) covalently
      coupled to tosylated shell-and-core light (1.07 g/cm3) monodisperse polymer
      particles. Adding the H7-Ab2-polymer particle suspension to a PLAP-containing
      sample gives maximal binding of the antigen within 10 min. PLAP and PLAP-like
      enzymes remain active and bound to the solid-phase throughout all assay
      manipulations, and can thus be saved for future testing. In testing the enzymes
      for inhibition by L-Phe, L-Phe-Gly-Gly, L-Leu, and L-homoarginine, the effect of
      all the inhibitors is fully reversible. The assay is highly versatile, and its
      sensitivity (routinely 0.05 micrograms/L) can be increased 1000-fold by adjusting
      the sample volume and incubation time (sample volume is irrelevant between 50
      microL and 5 mL). We have measured the basal activities of PLAP in men and women
      and, by using enzyme inhibitors, have characterized it as corresponding to the
      PLAP-like phenotypes described in normal human testis.

PMID- 3880683
TI  - Lymphoid stroma of Warthin's tumor: phenotypic analogies with gut-associated
      lymphoid tissue.
AB  - Lymphocytes in cell suspensions and cryostat sections of Warthin's tumors (WT)
      have been phenotypically characterized using a battery of monoclonal and
      polyclonal antisera to lymphoid cell-associated antigens. The present study shows
      that in the WT lymphoid stroma, B cells are more numerous than T lymphocytes and
      include a significant percentage of surface immunoglobulin A-bearing cells. Of
      the T cells, the Leu 3a+ and OKT4+ lymphocytes are present in higher percentages
      than the OKT8+ ones. Both T-cell subsets present a topographic distribution which
      is similar to that found in human tonsils and gut tunica propria. Intraepithelial
      lymphocytes displaying an OKT8+, Leu 3a-, OKT3- phenotype are also present. These
      data, together with previous findings which have demonstrated that Warthin's
      tumor epithelium synthesizes IgA secretory piece, suggest that these cells may
      modulate the organization of the surrounding lymphoid stroma toward that of a
      mature lymphatic tissue phenotipically resembling gut-associated lymphoid tissue.

PMID- 3880684
TI  - Cystic renal involvement in tuberous sclerosis.
AB  - We describe two cases of unusual presentation of tuberous sclerosis with cystic
      renal involvement. A 19-month-old white male who was initially misdiagnosed as
      having polycystic kidney disease of "adult-type" developed petit mal seizures and
      small "ash-leaf" depigmented areas, raising a suspicion of tuberous sclerosis.
      Computerized tomography (CT) of the brain revealed periventricular
      calcifications, confirming the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis. A 15 3/4-year-old
      black female with tuberous sclerosis showed acceleration of renal failure.
      Computerized tomography scan of the abdomen showed cystic lesions of the kidneys.
      In young children with cystic renal involvement but a negative family history of
      tuberous sclerosis or polycystic kidney disease, a CT scan of the brain should
      assist in the diagnosis. A CT scan or ultrasound examination of the abdomen will
      differentiate cystic renal lesions from angiomyolipoma of the kidneys.

PMID- 3880685
TI  - Dynamic responses to intravenous urapidil and dihydralazine in normal subjects.
AB  - Hemodynamic responses after urapidil were compared with those after dihydralazine
      in placebo-controlled, double-blind studies after cumulative intravenous doses.
      We recorded heart rate, blood pressure, systolic time intervals corrected for
      heart rate (electromechanical systole and preejection period), electrical
      impedance cardiography [(dZ/dt)/RZ index and mean electrical thorax impedance],
      and M-mode echocardiogram (end-systolic and -diastolic diameters, end-systolic
      wall stress, fractional shortening, and cardiac output). Both drugs induced dose
      dependent reductions in total peripheral resistance, which resulted in reduction
      in left ventricular end-systolic wall stress and increases in heart rate (limited
      at +10 bpm with urapidil), fractional shortening, cardiac output, and the
      (dZ/dt)/RZ index. With each drug, diastolic blood pressure fell by 5 mm Hg, the
      corrected preejection period shortened (dihydralazine greater than urapidil), the
      corrected electromechanical systole did not change, and mean electrical thorax
      impedance rose with urapidil. The spectrum of effects indicates that both drugs
      reduce left ventricular afterload, thereby increasing left ventricular pump
      performance. Urapidil also exerts some preload reduction.

PMID- 3880686
TI  - Blood pressure lowering and potassium conservation by triamterene
      hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride-hydrochlorothiazide in hypertension.
AB  - Effects of once-daily doses of 50 mg triamterene with 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide
      and 5 mg amiloride with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide were compared in a randomized,
      multicenter study of 84 adult subjects with mild to moderate hypertension
      (diastolic blood pressure 90 to 114 mm Hg). After a 3-wk placebo lead-in period,
      the subjects entered a 6-wk treatment period. The two drug regimens were compared
      with respect to antihypertensive effects and effects on serum potassium and
      magnesium levels during the final week of drug therapy, with the use of the last
      week of placebo therapy as a covariate. Both drug regimens substantially reduced
      mean supine systolic and diastolic blood pressures to well within normal limits;
      there was no significant difference the two groups. Twenty-four of the 41
      subjects receiving triamterene-hydrochlorothiazide (59%) and 29 of the 43
      patients receiving amiloride-hydrochlorothiazide (67%) had diastolic blood
      pressure less than 90 mm Hg at week 9. Five subjects receiving amiloride
      hydrochlorothiazide (12%) and two subjects receiving triamterene
      hydrochlorothiazide (5%) had hypokalemia (serum potassium level less than 3.5
      mEq/l) at week 9. The average decrease in serum potassium levels during amiloride
      hydrochlorothiazide therapy (-0.33 +/- 0.08 mEq/l) was greater than that after
      triamterene-hydrochlorothiazide (- 0.08 +/- 0.07 mEq/l). Serum magnesium levels
      were not changed by either regimen. Weight loss was greater in the amiloride
      hydrochlorothiazide group than in the triamterene-hydrochlorothiazide
      group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3880687
TI  - Chronic effects of labetalol, pindolol, and propranolol on calf blood flow in
      intermittent claudication.
AB  - To evaluate the role of beta-adrenoceptor blockade on lower limb circulation in
      patients with peripheral arterial disease, heart rate, blood pressure, calf blood
      flow and vascular resistance were measured at rest and during reactive hyperemia
      in seven patients with hypertension and intermittent claudication. The study was
      performed as a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial of 10 days with
      doses of propranolol, 80 mg twice a day, pindolol, 5 mg twice a day, labetalol,
      200 mg twice a day, and labetalol, 400 mg twice a day as active drug. Heart rate
      was lowest during propranolol dosing and blood pressure was lowest during
      labetalol dosing irrespective of the labetalol dose used. The degree of
      peripheral arterial disease modulated the effect of beta-blockade on limb
      circulation. In the less symptomatic limbs, reactive hyperemic flow was greater
      after pindolol than after the other drugs and did not differ from the level
      recorded after placebo. These differences were inconsistent and small in the more
      symptomatic limbs. Thus as the peripheral arterial disease became more severe and
      extensive, beta-blockade, irrespective of its type, lost its hemodynamic effect
      on lower limb circulation.

PMID- 3880688
TI  - Timing optimizes sustained-release indomethacin treatment of osteoarthritis.
AB  - Chronopharmacologic studies of indomethacin have indicated that time of dosing
      influences tolerance and effectiveness. A double-blind, crossover
      chronotherapeutic trial was undertaken in 66 subjects with osteoarthritis of the
      hip or knee who were treated with an indomethacin sustained-release (ISR) oral
      preparation once a day. Varying the ISR dosing time resulted in a quadrupling of
      tolerance and a doubling of analgesic effectiveness. Three dosing times (8 a.m.,
      noon, and 8 p.m.), each tested during 1-wk spans and randomized for sequencing,
      were compared in each subject. Subjects self-rated pain intensity every other
      hour before (1 to 2 days) and during each week of treatment. Morning dosing was
      associated with a 32% incidence of undesirable effects, whereas the comparable
      rate was 7% for evening dosing. Ninety-five percent of the subjects reported
      increased drug effectiveness with a change in ISR ingestion time. The time of
      dosing that resulted in optimal effectiveness differed among subjects. This was
      explainable by large interindividual differences in the circadian variation of
      self-rated pain intensity. Evening dosing was most effective in subjects with
      predominantly nocturnal or morning pain; conversely, morning or noon dosing was
      most effective in subjects with greater afternoon or evening pain. The
      differences that resulted from varying the timing of the identical ISR dose in
      the same subject greatly exceeded those reported for other nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs.

PMID- 3880689
TI  - Mean airway pressure vs. positive end-expiratory pressure during mechanical
      ventilation.
AB  - To investigate the effects of both positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and
      mean airway pressure (Paw) on gas exchange, we used lung lavage to induce severe
      respiratory insufficiency in six lambs. The animals were then mechanically
      ventilated at constant tidal volume, respiratory rate, and inspired O2 fraction.
      PEEP levels were varied -5, +5 and +10 cm H2O around the pressure (Pflex)
      corresponding to a major change in slope of the inspiratory limb of the
      respiratory volume-pressure curve. In each animal the effects of the three PEEP
      levels were studied at two Paw levels, differing by 5 cm H2O. Increasing Paw
      significantly improved PaO2 and reduced venous admixture. A 5-cm H2O PEEP
      increase from +5 to +10 did not affect oxygenation; however, oxygenation was
      significantly better when PEEP was greater than Pflex. Both PaCO2 and anatomic
      dead space were higher at higher PEEP, and decreased with increasing Paw. Hence,
      Paw was a major determinant of oxygenation, although a PEEP greater than Pflex
      appeared necessary to optimize oxygenation at a constant Paw.

PMID- 3880690
TI  - Postextubation hypoxemia treated with a continuous positive airway pressure mask.
AB  - Twenty-seven surgical patients who developed post-extubation hypoxemia
      unresponsive to routine respiration therapy (incentive spirometry and chest
      physical therapy) received continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) delivered
      through a mask at an inspired oxygen fraction (FIO2) of 0.45. All patients
      responded with an increased PaO2 and achieved a PaO2/FIO2 ratio of at least 300
      with a mean CPAP of 8.3 +/- 2.8 cm H2O. Mean duration of treatment was 23 +/- 14
      h. Two (7%) patients required reintubation, one for control of excessive
      secretions and the other for persistent Pseudomonas pneumonia. Mask CPAP was an
      effective treatment for postextubation hypoxemia in this group of surgical
      patients.

PMID- 3880691
TI  - Oxygen cost of breathing. Changes dependent upon mode of mechanical ventilation.
AB  - We describe a patient with respiratory failure who demonstrated marked increases
      in O2 consumption (VO2) when breathing with synchronized intermittent mandatory
      mechanical ventilation (SIMV). When the mode of ventilation was changed to
      facilitate inspiratory gas flow (pressure-support) during spontaneous breathing,
      O2 consumption decreased 27 percent. Several important factors contributing to
      the increased O2 cost of breathing in patients requiring mechanical ventilation
      are reviewed, including the high internal resistance of demand-flow SIMV systems.

PMID- 3880692
TI  - Least PEEP: primum non nocere.

PMID- 3880693
TI  - The effect of methacholine inhalation challenge on regional residual volume in
      patients with subclinical asthma.
AB  - Regional residual volume to total lung capacity (RVr/TLCr) was measured with
      xenon 133 before and after methacholine challenge in 26 nonsmoking subjects (mean
      age 34 years). Eleven were normal control subjects and 15 were patients referred
      for methacholine challenge because of previous asthma-like symptoms. All had
      normal pulmonary function and normal RVr/TLCr distribution. Following
      methacholine challenge, RVr/TLCr increased in two control subjects and ten
      patients who also had decreases in FEV1 of greater than 20 percent. The RVr/TLCr
      changes were patchy, suggesting that the degree of bronchospasm varied between
      individual lung regions. The other 14 subjects did not have a 20 percent decrease
      in FEV1, but two controls and four patients had generalized increases in
      RVr/TLCr, while seven controls and one patient had no significant changes in
      RVr/TLCr. In all subjects, FEV1 and RVr/TLCr returned to the baseline level after
      salbutamol administration. The results indicate that methacholine can cause
      localized or diffuse effects on lung emptying and that bronchodilator completely
      reverses the bronchoconstriction induced by methacholine.

PMID- 3880694
TI  - Airway reactivity and cotton bract-induced bronchial obstruction.
AB  - Most seemingly healthy persons challenged with an aerosol of cotton bract extract
      develop some degree of bronchospasm. The role of nonspecific reactivity of the
      airways in this reaction to cotton bract extract is undefined. We examined the
      relationship between airway responses to cotton bract extract and to
      methacholine, as well as between airway responses to cotton bract extract and to
      a bronchodilator. Twenty-two healthy subjects were screened for sensitivity to
      inhaled cotton bract extract. Pulmonary function was measured using partial
      expiratory flow-volume curves on which flow at 60 percent of the control vital
      capacity below total lung capacity was measured (MEF40%[P]) following ten minutes
      of inhalation of cotton bract extract. In the group screened, 12 were found to be
      responders to the extract, with drops in MEF40%(P) of 20 percent or more, and ten
      were found to be nonresponders. On separate days, we measured the responses of
      our subjects' airways to inhaled metaproterenol and methacholine. The mean
      threshold dose for methacholine in the responding group was 26.8 mg/ml, as
      compared to 55.6 mg/ml for the nonresponders (t = 2.52; p less than 0.05).
      Furthermore, the mean percent increase in MEF40%(P) following inhalation of
      metaproterenol was 41 percent in responders and 24 percent in nonresponders (t =
      2.19; p less than 0.05). We conclude that some responders to cotton bract extract
      exhibit greater reactivity of the airways than nonresponders.

PMID- 3880695
TI  - National survey of the usage of lung expansion modalities for the prevention and
      treatment of postoperative atelectasis following abdominal and thoracic surgery.
AB  - A national survey of hospitals was conducted to evaluate the usage of lung
      expansion maneuvers in the prevention and management of postoperative atelectasis
      associated with abdominal and thoracic surgery. Equal numbers of hospitals were
      randomly selected from the nine American Hospital Association regions and from
      bed-size groups of 50 to 200 beds, 201 to 400 beds, and greater than 400 beds.
      Preoperative and postoperative prophylactic therapy was found to be similar in
      all groups except for a lower usage of intermittent positive-pressure breathing
      (IPPB) in the western third of the United States compared with the central third.
      In the treatment of postoperative atelectasis there are significant differences
      in the use of chest physical therapy, IPPB, and intermittent continuous positive
      airway pressure based on hospital size. Objective measurements of tidal volume or
      inspiratory capacity as a guide to therapeutic decisions are performed more
      frequently in the western regions. Surgical statistics relative to the number of
      abdominal and surgical procedures done and the incidence of postoperative
      atelectasis are also presented.

PMID- 3880696
TI  - The coronary occlusion story. Prolonged neglect of early clinicopathologic
      findings and of the experimental animal physiology they stimulated.

PMID- 3880697
TI  - [Therapeutic management of the secondary failure of sulfonylurea therapy].

PMID- 3880698
TI  - [Bone marrow transplantation in chronic myeloid leukemia].

PMID- 3880699
TI  - [Short-term therapy of stomach ulcer with single daily doses of omeprazole].

PMID- 3880700
TI  - [Centromere antibodies and antibodies against Scl 70 nucleoprotein in progressive
      systemic scleroderma. Diagnostic and prognostic significance].
AB  - Frequency and diagnostic significance of two scleroderma-specific antinuclear
      antibodies were examined in 104 patients with progressive systemic scleroderma
      (PSS). Antibodies against an antigen in the centromere region of chromosomes
      (centromere antibodies) were demonstrated by indirect immuno-fluorescence on HEp
      2 cells in 18 patients (17%) and antibodies against Scl-70 nucleoprotein (Scl-70
      antibodies) by gel precipitation with soluble nuclear extracts (ENA) in 21
      patients (20%). In none of the patients did both antibodies occur. In patients
      with Scl-70 antibodies severe illness was predominant with extensive cutaneous
      sclerosis in 86%, lung involvement in 85% and joint involvement in 89%. Humoral
      inflammatory signs were marked in this group. Patients with centromere antibodies
      predominantly had acroscleroderma (56%) with subcutaneous calcinosis (83%) and
      telangiectasias (83%), as known from the CREST syndrome. Humoral immune phenomena
      were rare. With regard to Raynaud's syndrome, involvement of the oesophagus, age
      and the duration of disease, there was no difference between the two groups. On
      the other hand, in patients with centromere antibodies lung involvement (22%) and
      joint involvement (35%) was significantly less common (P less than 0.01) than in
      all other scleroderma patients. Centromere antibodies and Scl-70 antibodies,
      which can be demonstrated already in the symptom-poor early phase of PSS, can
      thus be used as diagnostic parameters for different forms of PSS with differences
      in the degree of skin and organ involvement.

PMID- 3880701
TI  - Formation of tight junctions in epithelial cells. I. Induction by proteases in a
      human colon carcinoma cell line.
AB  - The experimental modulation of tight junctions (TJ) was studied in the human
      adenocarcinoma cell line HT 29 by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The cell
      line has virtually no TJ when grown in culture. TJ could be induced by mild
      treatment with a variety of endopeptidases (trypsin, chymotrypsin, collagenase,
      elastase, plasmin, thrombin, papain, and pronase). Pronase induced the formation
      of TJ at low (but not at high) concentrations. All exopeptidases studied were
      unable to induce the formation of TJ. At 0 degree C the trypsin-induced formation
      of TJ was greatly slowed down although not entirely inhibited. However, when
      cells were briefly treated with trypsin at 0 degree C and subsequently
      transferred to 37 degrees C in the presence of protease inhibitors, TJ were
      rapidly assembled. Thus an induction phase at low temperature and an assembly
      phase at high temperature could be experimentally separated. When cells were
      briefly trypsinized at 0 degrees and subsequently kept at 0 degree C without
      trypsin for several hours, TJ still formed abundantly upon incubation at 37
      degrees C. It appears therefore that the effect produced by the protease is
      retained for long periods in the cold.

PMID- 3880702
TI  - Interaction of triethyl lead chloride with microtubules in vitro and in mammalian
      cells.
AB  - The effects of triethyl lead chloride (TriEL) on the in vitro assembly and
      disassembly of microtubules (MTs) from porcine brain were studied by turbidometry
      at 350 nm and by electron microscopy. TriEL inhibited MT assembly at 50 microM
      concentration and caused an almost complete disassembly of preformed MTs. The
      drug depolymerized MTs more effectively than colchicine. Concentrations higher
      than 50 microM TriEL caused an aberrant assembly process. Fibers about 10 nm
      width were formed in addition to aggregates of amorphous material. In vivo TriEL
      also caused MT depolymerization in interphase and mitotic PtK-1 and Ehrlich
      ascites tumor (EAT) cells as monitored by indirect immuno-fluorescent staining of
      tubulin and electron microscopy. The extent of MT depolymerization was
      concentration- and time-dependent. Recovery occurred as early as 5 min after
      removal of the drug. The fluorescent actin pattern in PtK-1 cells typical of
      stress fibers and subcortical filaments seemed not to be altered by the presence
      of TriEL. The vimentin intermediate filament system was, however, rearranged as a
      juxtanuclear complex after TriEL treatment. Furthermore, TriEL effected the
      inhibition of cellular growth (100% inhibition at about 10(-5) M). Cytokinesis is
      prevented to a great extent, resulting in the formation of binucleate cells which
      can additionally possess some micronuclei.

PMID- 3880703
TI  - Early initiation of DNA synthesis in G1 phase HeLa cells following fusion with
      red cell ghosts loaded with S-phase cell extracts.
AB  - A modification of polyethylene glycol-mediated cell fusion procedure has been
      described and standardized for red blood cell mediated microinjection of proteins
      into cells in suspension. Using this procedure, proteins are routinely introduced
      into 50% of the target cells. We have applied this microinjection procedure to
      introduce cytoplasmic extracts obtained from S-phase HeLa cells into HeLa cells
      synchronized in G1. This experiment resulted in an accelerated entry of the G1
      cells into S phase as measured by the incorporation of [3H]thymidine. This
      technique may provide a means to identify and characterize the S-phase factors
      responsible for the induction of DNA synthesis.

PMID- 3880704
TI  - Rapid determination of DNA synthesis in adherent cells grown in microtiter
      plates.
AB  - A specific, rapid, and economical method for measuring the extent of DNA
      synthesis in adherent rat hepatoma H4-II-E cells grown in 96-well microtiter
      plates is described. The adherent cells were pulsed for 1 h with [methyl
      3H]thymidine, released from the substratum by trypsinization, and collected on
      fiberglass filters with a MASH II cell harvester. The amount of radioactivity
      incorporated was directly proportional to the number of cells per well. Growth
      curves generated by measuring [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation and counting the
      number of cells per well were identical. Experiments with inhibitors of DNA,
      protein, and RNA synthesis demonstrated that this method selectively measured DNA
      synthesis. In addition, [3H]thymidine uptake showed excellent correlation with
      autoradiographic assessment of DNA synthesis. This specific and sensitive method
      for determining DNA synthesis in microtiter cultures should facilitate studies of
      effects of various growth-controlling agents on epithelial, fibroblastic, and
      other cells which grow as adherent cells in culture.

PMID- 3880705
TI  - Development of a maturation antigen on the plasma membrane of rat spermatozoa in
      the epididymis and its fate during fertilization.
AB  - The ontogeny of a surface membrane antigen on rat spermatozoa has been
      investigated using the monoclonal antibody, 2D6. Using indirect
      immunofluorescence microscopy the 2D6 antigen was first detected on spermatozoa
      from the proximal corpus epididymidis; no reaction was present on testicular
      cells. The 2D6 antibody also bound to spermatozoa flushed from the uterus of
      mated rats and to a sperm-derived antigen on the surface of newly fertilized
      eggs. When frozen sections of epididymal tissues were stained with 2D6 monoclonal
      antibody immunofluorescence was confined to the epithelium lining the duct in the
      proximal and distal corpus epididymidis. Fluorescence in the tissue was androgen
      dependent. Immunoblots of proteins in luminal secretions collected by
      micropuncture from different sites along the epididymal duct showed that in the
      proximal corpus epididymidis the 2D6 monoclonal antibody recognized a 32 kD
      antigen, but in secretions from the distal corpus and cauda epididymidis the
      monoclonal antibody also recognized antigens with molecular weights of 28, 23 and
      20 kD. Immunoblots of proteins from spermatozoa collected from the corpus
      epididymidis revealed a reaction over a 32 kD antigen, while on spermatozoa from
      the cauda epididymidis the 2D6 monoclonal antibody recognized only a 23 kD
      antigen. Two hypotheses are proposed to account for the varied reactivity of the
      monoclonal antibody and their relative merits are discussed.

PMID- 3880706
TI  - Colony morphology on agar is a sensitive indicator for growth effectors.
AB  - Colonies of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells growing on agar exhibit changes in
      colony morphology and size in response to extremely low doses of hormones and
      growth factors. Computer-aided densitometric scanning of photographs of these
      colonies allows the quantitative measurement of these morphological changes.
      Correlation of these changes with dosage for a variety of growth effectors is a
      sensitive assay for the effects of these factors, both alone and in combination,
      and should be useful in comparing effects of agents with similar biological
      activities and in the search for variant cell types with altered responsiveness.
      Cells growing attached to solid substrates are often responsive to these low
      dosages and do not seem to mimic in vivo growth effector phenomena as well as
      colonies growing in three dimensions on agar.

PMID- 3880707
TI  - Association of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex and of phenylalanyl-tRNA
      synthetase with the cytoskeletal framework fraction from mammalian cells.
AB  - The intracellular distribution of several mammalian aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
      was investigated by biochemical and immunocytological approaches. The fraction of
      amino-acyl-tRNA synthetases bound to the detergent-insoluble cytoskeletal
      framework obtained after extraction of NRK cells by 0.1% Triton X-100 was
      estimated, by activity measurements, to about 80% for phenylalanyl-tRNA
      synthetase and 40% for the high-molecular-weight (HMW) complex containing the
      seven aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases specific for glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine,
      methionine, glutamine, lysine, and arginine. This association was shown to be
      salt-dependent. The subcellular localization of these enzymes was examined using
      an immunocytological approach. When cultured cells were fixed with
      paraformaldehyde and then permeabilized with Triton X-100, a fairly uniform
      cytoplasmic labelling was observed with antibodies directed to the aminoacyl-tRNA
      synthetase complex or to phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. By contrast, when cells
      were extracted with 0.1% Triton X-100 prior to fixation with paraformaldehyde,
      the staining patterns obtained with antibodies to aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases were
      very similar to that obtained with antibodies to rough endoplasmic reticulum, as
      assessed by single or double indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. These
      results suggest that free and bound forms of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases may
      coexist within the cell. In addition to cytoplasmic labelling, antibodies
      directed to phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase stained the nucleus of rapidly growing
      cells. The possible significance of this finding is discussed.

PMID- 3880708
TI  - Presence of tropomyosin in adrenal chromaffin cells and its association with
      chromaffin granule membranes.
AB  - The presence of tropomyosins in adrenal chromaffin cells was demonstrated by
      immunoperoxidase staining of cultured chromaffin cells by an anti-tropomyosin
      antibody. In immunoblotting the antibody labelled polypeptides of Mr 39 000, 36
      500 and 31 000 in 100 000 X g supernatants and heat-stable fractions of adrenal
      medulla. The adrenal medullary tropomyosins did not comigrate with smooth muscle
      tropomyosins. The 39-kDa and 31-kDa polypeptides comigrated with polypeptides
      labelled by anti-tropomyosin in brain supernatants. Chromaffin granule membranes
      possessed a 39-kDa polypeptide that was labelled by anti-tropomyosin.

PMID- 3880709
TI  - Effect of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on luteinizing hormone and
      testosterone secretion and testicular histology in male rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Three adult male rhesus monkeys were treated for 20 weeks with a gonadotropin
      releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (Ag; Wy-40972; Wyeth Laboratories, Philadelphia,
      PA) using osmotic minipumps. Ag administration resulted in a transient increase
      and then a precipitous decrease in the concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH)
      and testosterone (T). After 5 weeks, serum levels of LH were undetectable (less
      than 0.2 microgram/ml), while serum T was always detectable, but continued to
      fall throughout the period of Ag administration. The serum LH and T response to
      50 micrograms of GnRH was abolished by 4 weeks of Ag treatment, and this effect
      persisted through the treatment period. Testicular histology at 20 weeks of Ag
      treatment exhibited diffuse atrophy of seminiferous tubules, suppressed germinal
      cell division, and the absence of spermatids or spermatozoa. There was no
      evidence of testicular necrosis or calcification of the seminiferous tubules.
      Following the termination of Ag infusion, serum LH and T concentrations rebounded
      to levels that exceeded pretreatment values for a 5-week period before falling
      back to baseline levels. A complete restoration of spermatogenesis and testicular
      volume occurred by 12 weeks after treatment. These data suggest that continuous
      Ag administration is an effective method of reversibly disrupting spermatogenesis
      in the male rhesus monkey.

PMID- 3880710
TI  - Ovulation induction with pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone administration
      in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome.
AB  - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (0.025 microgram/kg) was administered
      intravenously in a pulsatile fashion to four subjects with polycystic ovary
      syndrome for a total of six cycles. Five of the six cycles culminated in
      ovulation, although in one course the response occurred too early to be
      attributed to the therapy alone. No pregnancies resulted. All luteal phases were
      of normal duration, but progesterone production as manifested by serum
      progesterone determination was deficient in some. If additional investigation
      confirms these preliminary findings, this form of therapy may offer a safe and
      economic alternative for anovulatory patients refractory to clomiphene citrate
      therapy. The response of the four subjects suggests that pulsatile gonadotropin
      releasing hormone administration may override hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction
      and result in ovulatory menstrual cycles.

PMID- 3880711
TI  - Diagnosis and management of prolactinomas.

PMID- 3880712
TI  - Effect of insulin on meiosis reinitiation induced in vitro by three progestogens
      in oocytes of the goldfish (Carassius auratus).
AB  - Three progestogens were tested for their ability to elicit meiosis reinitiation
      as evidenced by germinal vesicle dissolution (GVD) in goldfish (Carassius
      auratus) follicle-enclosed oocytes in vitro. In two independent experiments 17
      alpha-20 beta-dihydroxyprogesterone (DHP) was most active followed in turn by 17
      alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (HP) and progesterone (P). Values of the effective dose
      for a 50% response for GVD induced by P and HP were significantly reduced by the
      addition of Na-insulin, however, insulin had no significant effect on DHP
      incubates. Meiotogenic activity was potentiated by Na-insulin in the following
      heirarchy: P greater than HP greater than DHP. These results indicate that
      insulin, which had little meiotogenic activity alone, was capable of
      differentially enhancing progestogen activity in this system. The mechanism by
      which Na-insulin augments progestogen GVD-inducing activity is unknown, but may
      include decrease of progestogen degradation, increase in progestogen
      biosynthesis, and direct insulin effects on the oocyte. The results suggest that
      insulin may play a physiological role in goldfish oocyte meiosis reinitiation by
      enhancing the activity of certain progestogens, which by themselves are not
      potent meiotogens.

PMID- 3880713
TI  - A 53,000-Da esterase in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus semen is derived from
      phagocytic cells, not sperm.
AB  - Semen from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus contains sperm and a
      small volume (1%) of phagocytes, which often contain degraded sperm. A 53,000-Da
      esterase in the semen is inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate, but not by
      soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI). Differential centrifugation experiments now
      reveal that 70% of the esterase activity (formerly described as a sperm protease
      precursor; Levine and Walsh, 1980) is associated with the phagocytes, which
      sediment more rapidly than the sperm. The 53K esterase is also present in spawned
      ovaries and testes. However, as previously reported, the sperm do contain an STI
      inhibitable protease as shown by the digestion of [14C]lysozyme. Intact sperm
      exhibit STI-inhibitable hydrolytic activity toward N-alpha-[3H]benzoyl-L-arginine
      ethyl ester [3H]BAEE), but crude homogenates do not until they are extracted at
      pH 2.5 and fractionated by ion exchange chromatography. Although not obtained in
      pure form, the protease activity appears to migrate with a molecular weight of
      20,000 (gel filtration). The protease and the esterase differ markedly in acid
      stability. After preincubation at pH 2.5 the protease still hydrolyzes [3H]BAEE,
      while the esterase is irreversibly inactivated. This last observation may explain
      an earlier interpretation (A. E. Levine and K. A. Walsh, 1980, J. Biol. Chem.
      255, 4814-4820) that the 53K enzyme dissociated at pH 2.5 into two unequal
      subunits, one of which was the active protease. Since it has been shown that the
      contaminating phagocytes contribute most of the esterase activity of the semen,
      the occurrence of even a small number of nonsperm cells cannot be ignored in
      future investigations of sperm enzymes.

PMID- 3880714
TI  - Effects of penicillamine on serum immunoglobulins and immune complex-reactive
      material in primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - Although penicillamine is used in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis, its
      mechanism of action in this disease is unknown. As an immunologic action had been
      attributed to the drug, we investigated whether penicillamine might alter serum
      immunoglobulin levels or immune complex-reactive material in patients with
      primary biliary cirrhosis. Immunoglobulin levels and immune complex reactivity
      were measured and clinical tests were performed in 53 consecutive patients
      entering a double-blind randomized trial of 750 mg vs. 250 mg of penicillamine.
      Measurement of immune complex reactivity was determined by laser nephelometry,
      125I-C1q binding, and Raji cell assays. Immune complex reactivity was detected by
      at least one assay in 75% of patients tested before treatment. Sixty-two percent
      were positive in the C1q assay, 28% in the Raji cell assay, and 39% by
      nephelometry. After therapy with either dose, we found no change in immune
      complex-reactive material by any assay. Concentrations of immunoglobulins G and M
      fell (p less than 0.05) after 12 mo of therapy. Concentrations of immunoglobulin
      A decreased (p less than 0.05) only in the high-dose group. Correlation was not
      consistent between results of immune complex assays and clinical liver tests.
      Although immunoglobulin levels fell during penicillamine therapy, no decrease in
      immune complex-reactive material was detected. The effect of penicillamine in
      primary biliary cirrhosis is not mediated through alteration of immune complex
      reactive material.

PMID- 3880715
TI  - Further report of a prospective randomized trial comparing distal splenorenal
      shunt with end-to-side portacaval shunt. An analysis of encephalopathy, survival,
      and quality of life.
AB  - We electively compared the distal splenorenal ("selective") shunt with the end-to
      side portacaval shunt in 80 prospectively randomized patients with variceal
      bleeding. Selective shunts required more operative time (3.9 vs. 2.8 h) and blood
      replacement (4.6 vs. 2.5 U) and postoperative mortality was slightly higher (5 of
      38 selective vs. 0 of 40 portacaval). Postoperative complication rates were
      similar. After 65-mo mean follow-up, both shunts have protected well against late
      gastrointestinal bleeding (5 selective, 4 portacaval episodes). However, after
      selective shunts, spontaneous encephalopathy occurred less often (23% vs. 40% of
      patients), was severe in fewer patients (12% vs. 33%), and precipitated fewer
      hospital admissions (6 admissions in 4 selective patients vs. 26 admissions in 13
      portacaval patients). Furthermore, selective shunt patients remained longer
      without functional disability (83% vs. 70% of postoperative patient months). Long
      term survival was not significantly different in the two groups (5-yr survival:
      selective 51%, portacaval 56%).

PMID- 3880716
TI  - Type II diabetes: latest research on pathogenesis. Part I.

PMID- 3880717
TI  - American Hospital Association. Directory of officers, trustees, councils, and
      committees for 1985.

PMID- 3880718
TI  - Effect of age on fever and acute-phase response of rats to endotoxin and
      Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Age-related effects on endogenous pyrogen-mediated febrile and acute-phase
      responses to endotoxin and Salmonella typhimurium challenge were investigated in
      young adult and aged Fisher 344 rats. After injection of endotoxin, the febrile
      response over 6 h and the fall in plasma iron and zinc after 6 h were determined
      in 14 young adult and 14 aged rats in their thermoneutral zone (26 degrees C) and
      in 14 young adult and 14 aged rats maintained in a cold environment (15 degrees
      C). Although at 26 degrees C aged rats showed only a slightly diminished febrile
      response compared with that of young adult rats, at 15 degrees C they had a
      markedly diminished febrile response compared with that of young adult rats. At
      both 26 and 15 degrees C, the injection of endotoxin led to a fall in iron and
      zinc concentrations in the plasma of both young adult and aged rats. The intact
      trace metal response diminished but febrile response suggest that aged rats are
      able to produce endogenous pyrogen but have a reduced capacity to respond to this
      substance. In 22 aged and 22 young adult rats maintained at 26 degrees C and
      challenged with S. typhimurium, the febrile response was significantly less in
      the aged rats but the survival rate was virtually identical. When 10 young adult
      and 10 aged rats were placed at a temperature of 15 degrees C after injection
      with S. typhimurium, the febrile response in the aged rats was significantly
      lower than that in the young adult rats at only one time point, and the survival
      rate did not differ between the two age groups. Survival after challenge with S.
      typhimurium was not influenced adversely by the diminished febrile response.

PMID- 3880719
TI  - Hydrophobic interaction in Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis adherence to
      various denture base resin materials.
AB  - The effects of hydrophobicities of substrate surfaces on microbial adherence were
      examined by using Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis and 21 denture base
      resin materials. With increasing surface free energy of resin plates, increasing
      adherence of C. albicans and decreasing adherence of C. tropicalis were observed.
      The surface free energy of C. albicans is higher than that of all resin material
      surfaces, and C. tropicalis has surface free energy lower than that of all
      materials used. In calculation of the changes of free energy accompanying the
      adherence, the higher adherence tendency was accompanied by a lower value for the
      free energy change in both species. From a different standpoint, the closer the
      surface free energy of the substrate surface and the microorganism, the higher
      was the probability of adherence.

PMID- 3880721
TI  - Role of superoxide dismutase and catalase as determinants of pathogenicity of
      Nocardia asteroides: importance in resistance to microbicidal activities of human
      polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
AB  - The roles of nocardial superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in the resistance
      of Nocardia asteroides to the microbicidal properties of human polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes were determined in vitro. The neutrophils killed ca. 80% of the cells
      of the less virulent N. asteroides 10905 and ca. 50% of the log phase of the more
      virulent N. asteroides GUH-2 after 180 min of incubation. These phagocytes were
      not able to kill early-stationary-phase cells of strain GUH-2 that contained 10
      times more intracytoplasmic catalase than log-phase cells of the same culture.
      However, the polymorphonuclear leukocytes were able to kill more than 50% of the
      cells of early-stationary-phase strain GUH-2 after treatment with purified
      antibody specific for surface-associated SOD. No killing was observed when the
      bacteria were treated with normal rabbit immunoglobulin G or with serum obtained
      from rabbits immunized against whole nocardial cells (containing little or no
      activity against SOD). These phagocytes killed more than 99% of Listeria
      monocytogenes used as a control. Chlorpromazine-treated polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes killed L. monocytogenes (70%) but they were not able to kill antibody
      treated cells of N. asteroides GUH-2. Exogenously added SOD partially protected
      strain 10905, which lacked surface-associated enzyme, but it had no effect on the
      killing of strain GUH-2, which already possessed significant amounts of surface
      bound SOD. In contrast, catalase added to the nocardiae provided almost complete
      protection to the log-phase cells of strain GUH-2, but strain 10905 was only
      partially protected. SOD combined with catalase had additive activity which
      completely protected the cells of strain 10905. A mutant of N. asteroides GUH-2
      (SCII-C) is more virulent during the log phase than is the parental strain. This
      mutant contained at least 7 times more catalase at this stage of growth than did
      the parent. No other differences between these two strains were observed during
      the log phase. In sharp contrast to those of the parent, log-phase cells of this
      high-catalase mutant were not killed by polymorphonuclear phagocytes. These data
      indicate a role for both SOD and catalase in the resistance of Nocardia spp. to
      human neutrophils, and they represent at least two factors associated with
      virulence.

PMID- 3880720
TI  - Effect of antigen form on local immunoglobulin A memory response of intestinal
      secretions to Shigella flexneri.
AB  - An enhanced memory response, as shown by increased titers of specific
      immunoglobulin A (IgA), was seen in intestinal secretions from isolated Thiry
      Vella loops in rabbits primed orally with live, locally invasive Shigella sp. X16
      and challenged 60 days later with a single oral dose of the same antigen. Heat
      killed shigella preparations, when used as either the priming or challenge
      antigen, did not elicit such a memory response in this system. In the present
      study, the role of antigen form and dosage in eliciting the enhanced local IgA
      response was investigated. A noninvasive strain, Shigella flexneri 2457-0, was
      capable of significantly enhancing the mucosal IgA memory response, whereas heat
      killed Shigella sp. X16 was unable to augment the local IgA response, even when
      the priming dose was increased 100-fold. A proposed mucosal adjuvant, DEAE
      dextran, given orally with live Shigella sp. X16, did not enhance the local IgA
      response. Viable, noninvasive shigellae were effective priming agents in
      enhancing the local IgA memory response. The poor mucosal response to heat-killed
      shigella preparations is thought to be related to an ineffective delivery of
      nonviable bacterial antigens into gut-associated lymphoid tissues. The ability of
      the live, noninvasive strain to elicit a vigorous local IgA memory response when
      given orally to rabbits was consistent with previous findings that live
      preparations elicit the best mucosal IgA response.

PMID- 3880722
TI  - Role of the carbohydrate domains of glycophorins as erythrocyte receptors for
      invasion by Plasmodium falciparum merozoites.
AB  - Solubilized preparations of purified glycophorins and specific domains of these
      molecules were assessed for their effects as inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum
      invasion of human erythrocytes in vitro. The ability of newly invaded merozoites
      to continue developing and incorporating [3H]hypoxanthine during a 24-h period
      after their invasion was used as an assay for merozoite invasion. Glycophorins A,
      B, and C were found to be equally effective as inhibitors. Previous studies had
      shown N-acetylglucosamine, a sugar component of glycophorins A and C but not B,
      to be an effective inhibitor. Accordingly, molecular domains common to all of the
      glycophorins were further assessed. Sialic acid was shown to act almost as
      effectively as N-acetylglucosamine, presumably because of the structural
      similarities between these sugars. The inhibitory ability of sialic acid is
      considerably enhanced when presented to the parasite in a clustered form, as in
      an oligosaccharide. The acetyl group of these sugars does not appear to play an
      essential role in this inhibition. How the P. falciparum merozoite recognizes and
      interacts with the sugar domains of the glycophorin molecule remains to be
      determined.

PMID- 3880723
TI  - Production of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to Escherichia coli heat-stable
      enterotoxin.
AB  - In an effort to develop new approaches to the study and control of infectious
      diarrhea, we prepared murine monoclonal antibodies to the Escherichia coli heat
      stable enterotoxin (STa). The toxin was purified from E. coli culture media and
      conjugated to bovine serum albumin. The STa-bovine serum albumin conjugate was
      used to immunize BALB/c mice, and the immune spleen cells from these mice were
      fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells. Resultant hybridomas were screened in an enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay protocol against 500 ng of STa-bovine serum albumin
      bound to microtiter wells as the solid-phase antigen. Five stable clones were
      selected and grown further in ascites fluid, which demonstrated anti-STa activity
      at dilutions of up to 1:500,000 in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for heat
      stable enterotoxin. In a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay format,
      the antibodies recognized several human and porcine strains of STa to various
      extents, but did not recognize E. coli heat-labile toxin, cholera toxin, or
      staphylococcal enterotoxin B. The antibodies were all able to bind
      lactoperoxidase-labeled [125I]STa, and antibody 20B3 was also able to dissociate
      [125I]STa bound to toxin receptors on rat jejunal villous cells. Preincubation of
      STa with antibodies 20B3 or 20F5 led to a concentration-dependent neutralization
      of toxin activity in a suckling mouse intestinal secretion assay. These
      antibodies are likely to provide new tools for the continued study of STa
      structure-function relationships and may lead to improved diagnosis and treatment
      of E. coli-induced infectious diarrhea.

PMID- 3880724
TI  - Genetic resistance to murine cryptococcosis: increased susceptibility in the
      CBA/N XID mutant strain of mice.
AB  - In a survey of 301 normocomplementemic inbred mice (belonging to nine different
      strains: BALB/cN nu/nu and nu/+, CBA/N, C57BL/KsJ, C57BR/cdJ, CBA/CaJ, BRVR,
      DW/+, and C57BL/6J) for natural resistance to Cryptococcus neoformans, cumulative
      survival values were found to range from 12 to 22 days. When the average organ
      weights of infected animals were compared with reference values obtained in
      uninfected mice of the same age and genetic lineage, the following changes were
      documented. In the CBA/N strain, the mean spleen and brain weights increased 313
      and 13.5%, respectively, whereas the mean liver weight remained unchanged. In the
      CBA/Ca strain, cerebral cryptococcosis was the dominant clinical feature, and a
      54% increase in mean brain weight was recorded at the time of death. The averaged
      liver weight was drastically lower, whereas spleen weight values evinced a
      biphasic pattern of transient splenomegaly followed by involution. At the median
      time of death, CBA/N mice had significantly more cryptococci in the liver and
      spleen than corresponding CBA/Ca mice. In the (CBA/N X CBA/Ca)F1 mice,
      susceptibility to C. neoformans segregated according to the sex-linked
      inheritance of the X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) gene. It is concluded that (i)
      susceptibility to cryptococcosis is under multigenic control, (ii) the xid locus
      on the X chromosome influences susceptibility to cryptococcosis, and (iii) xid
      mice behave differently than CBA/Ca mice in their organ response during the
      course of the infection.

PMID- 3880725
TI  - Effects of ovarian hormones on manifestation of purulent endometritis in rat
      uteruses infected with Escherichia coli.
AB  - To assess the influence of hormones on uterine infections, Escherichia coli was
      infused into uterine lumens of ovariectomized or adrenoovariectomized rats
      receiving exogenous administration of various doses of ovarian hormones. Large
      numbers of E. coli were recovered from the rat uterine lumens, irrespective of
      hormonal influences. The number of leukocytes in the uterine flushings,
      representing the magnitude of purulent inflammation, differed significantly
      depending upon the hormonal regimen given to each host. Purulent endometritis was
      induced by E. coli in ovariectomized rats receiving progesterone or corn oil
      (hormone vehicle). Infections were asymptomatic in rats receiving estradiol, but
      promethazine-treated uterine horns were susceptible to infection. When
      progesterone was administered along with estradiol, purulent inflammation was
      caused by E. coli, but the number of leukocytes in the uterine lumens was
      significantly less than that obtained from the rats treated with progesterone or
      corn oil. These effects of ovarian hormones on uterine infections were observed
      in adrenoovariectomized rats as well as in ovariectomized rats. It is suggested
      that estradiol alters the nature of endometrial epithelium and prevent
      manifestation of purulent endometritis; progesterone antagonizes estradiol.
      Adrenal hormones appear not to participate in the pathogenesis of endometritis
      induced by E. coli.

PMID- 3880726
TI  - Adherence of Escherichia coli in pathogenesis of endometritis and effects of
      estradiol examined by scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - Escherichia coli was inoculated into the uterine lumen of ovariectomized rats,
      and the endometrial surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy.
      Adherence of E. coli to the epithelium and destruction of the surface leading to
      purulent endometritis were noticed. When rats were treated previously with
      estradiol, adherence of E. coli was not detected.

PMID- 3880727
TI  - Shiga-like cytotoxin production by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli serogroups.
AB  - The mechanism by which enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) cause disease
      remains to be defined. We studied EPEC and non-EPEC strains of E. coli from stool
      specimens obtained from infants and adults for production of Shiga-like
      cytotoxin. Although it was common for healthy infants and adults to have
      cytotoxin-producing E. coli as part of the fecal flora, Shiga-like cytotoxin was
      detected more commonly and in greater amounts among EPEC than among other fecal
      E. coli. These results suggest a role for Shiga-like cytotoxin in the
      pathogenesis of EPEC-related gastroenteritis.

PMID- 3880728
TI  - Enterotoxin production, presence of colonization factor antigen I, and adherence
      to HeLa cells by Escherichia coli O128 strains belonging to different O
      subgroups.
AB  - Strains of three subgroups of Escherichia coli O128 were studied. Enterotoxin
      production was observed in 30 (91%) O128ac strains, whereas strains of subgroups
      O128ab and O128ad were not toxigenic. CFA/I was only found in two serotypes of
      subgroup O128ac, all of them producing heat-stable enterotoxin except for one
      which produced both toxins. None of the strains studied produced CFA/II. In a
      binding test with HeLa cells, localized adherence was found only in strains of
      subgroup O128ab; diffuse adherence occurred in strains of subgroup O128ac. As
      flagellar antigens were specific in subgroups ab and ac and toxin production was
      observed only in subgroup ac, the present results suggest that subgroup and
      serotype are useful markers for O128 strains that are enterotoxigenic or
      enteropathogenic.

PMID- 3880729
TI  - Human plasma fibronectin inhibits adherence of Streptococcus pyogenes to
      hexadecane.
AB  - The effect of human plasma fibronectin on the adherence of Streptococcus pyogenes
      to hexadecane droplets was investigated. Fibronectin blocked the adherence of
      streptococci to hexadecane in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect
      resulted from the binding of fibronectin to the streptococcal cells; radiolabeled
      fibronectin failed to bind to the hexadecane but bound readily to untreated
      streptococci. Chemical treatments of streptococci that decreased streptococcal
      binding of fibronectin also decreased their binding to hexadecane. Pretreatment
      of fibronectin with lipoteichoic acid blocked the binding of fibronectin to
      streptococci and abolished its ability to inhibit streptococcal adherence to
      hexadecane in a dose-related manner. In contrast, wheat germ agglutinin, which
      binds to N-acetylglucosamine on the surface of S. pyogenes cells, failed to alter
      hexadecane adherence. The data suggest that fibronectin binds to lipoteichoic
      acid on the surface of the streptococci, thereby preventing lipoteichoic acid
      from interacting with the hexadecane phase.

PMID- 3880730
TI  - Mechanism of membrane damage by streptolysin-O.
AB  - Streptolysin-O (SLO) is a thiol-activated, membrane-damaging protein toxin of Mr
      69,000 that is produced by most strains of beta-hemolytic group A streptococci.
      Native, primarily water-soluble toxin molecules bind to cholesterol-containing
      target membranes to assemble into supramolecular curved rod structures (25 to 100
      nm long by ca. 7.5 nm wide), forming rings and arcs that penetrate into the
      apolar domain of the bilayer. Electron microscopic analyses of toxin polymers in
      their native and reconstituted membrane-bound form indicate that the convex
      surface of the rod structures is a hydrophobic, lipid-binding domain, whereas the
      concave surfaces appear to be hydrophilic. The embedment of the rings and arcs
      generates large transmembrane slits or pores of up to 30-nm diameter that can be
      directly visualized by negative staining and freeze-fracture electron microscopy.
      SLO oligomers were isolated in extensively delipidated form in detergent
      solution, and cholesterol was found not to detectably contribute to the observed
      rod structures. The rods are stable structures that resist prolonged exposure to
      trypsin and chymotrypsin. They can be reincorporated into cholesterol-free
      phosphatidylcholine liposomes to generate lesions identical to those observed on
      erythrocytes lysed by native SLO. Thus, although cholesterol plays a key role in
      the initial binding of SLO to the membrane, it does not directly participate in
      the formation of the membrane-penetrating toxin channels. Membrane damage by SLO
      is basically analogous to that mediated by previously studied channel formers,
      namely, the C5b-9 complement complex and staphylococcal alpha-toxin.

PMID- 3880731
TI  - Virulence of human and bovine isolates of group B streptococci (types Ia and III)
      in experimental pregnant mouse models.
AB  - Two experimental mouse models were tested for their suitability in measuring
      virulence of two human and two bovine isolates (types Ia and III) of group B
      streptococci. In the first model, the kinetics of the number of bacteria in the
      spleen, liver, and placenta of mice inoculated intravenously on day 16 of
      pregnancy were monitored for 48 h after infection. In the second model, lethality
      and abortion were recorded for mice inoculated on day 13 of pregnancy. Levels of
      colonization in spleens or livers and lethality were significantly greater (P
      less than 0.001) for human isolates than for bovine isolates. In contrast, no
      statistically significant differences in the ability to colonize placentas and to
      induce abortions were noted between human and bovine isolates. The results showed
      that pregnant mice were more sensitive than nonpregnant mice to a challenge with
      group B streptococci. The results also suggest that placental colonization and
      abortion could be a suitable mouse model in evaluating the virulence of human and
      bovine isolates of group B streptococci.

PMID- 3880732
TI  - Pemphigus foliaceus in dogs: a review of 37 cases.
AB  - Thirty-seven dogs with pemphigus foliaceus were seen over a span of 9 years in a
      veterinary medical teaching hospital. Four breeds of dogs (Bearded Collie, Akita,
      Newfoundland, Schipperke) were at significant elevated risk when compared with
      both the dermatology canine case population and the hospital canine population.
      The mean age of onset was 4.2 years. The dorsal part of the muzzle was the most
      common site of initial involvement in over 50% of the dogs, and lesions of the
      head were seen first in 81% of the dogs. Disease progression was gradual (greater
      than 3 months) in 73% of the dogs. Somewhat bilaterally symmetric scaling,
      crusting, and alopecia were seen in all of the dogs. Vesicles, pustules, and
      bullae were not seen commonly, but target lesions with peripheral collarettes
      were seen frequently. Most dogs had characteristic footpad lesions, with
      erythematous swelling at the pad margins, cracking, and villous hypertrophy.
      Generalized exfoliative dermatitis was seen in dogs with widespread disease.
      Pruritus was noted in less than one half of the dogs. Typical histopathologic
      findings included subcorneal and intragranular cell layer epidermal pustules, or
      intrafollicular pustules with prominent acantholysis. Direct immunofluorescence
      in an intercellular pattern was noted in 76% of the dogs tested and indirect
      immunofluorescence was noted in 75% of a much smaller sample. Thirty-nine percent
      of the dogs responded to corticosteroid therapy alone, and 50% and 55% responded,
      respectively, to prednisone and cytotoxic drugs, and to prednisone with
      aurothioglucose. Aurothioglucose was successful alone in 27% of the dogs. One
      year survival was achieved in 53% of the dogs.

PMID- 3880733
TI  - Newer concepts in treatment of secretory diarrheas.

PMID- 3880734
TI  - Suicide attempt by insulin overdose.

PMID- 3880735
TI  - A comparison of the antidepressant effects of a synthetic androgen (mesterolone)
      and amitriptyline in depressed men.
AB  - The antidepressant effects of amitriptyline and mesterolone, a synthetic
      androgen, were compared in a double-blind parallel treatment design. The drugs
      were equally effective in reducing depressive symptoms. Mesterolone produced
      significantly fewer adverse side effects than amitriptyline.

PMID- 3880736
TI  - Extraction of the adenylate cyclase-activating factor of bovine sperm and its
      identification as a trypsin-like protease.
AB  - We previously reported the activation of adenylate cyclases from rat brain
      (Johnson, R. A., Awad, J. A., Jakobs, K. H., and Schultz, G., (1983) FEBS Lett.
      152, 11-16) and from human platelets (Jakobs, K. H., Johnson, R. A., and Schultz,
      G. (1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 756, 369-375) by a factor derived from bovine
      sperm. In this report we describe the conditions for the extraction of the factor
      from bovine sperm and characteristics of its effects on adenylate cyclase which
      are consistent with its being a protease. The activating capacity of sperm
      particles was extracted from previously washed and frozen sperm into a 30,000 X g
      supernatant fraction by various salts, but not by the nonionic detergent Lubrol
      PX. The amount of extracted factor: (a) was greatest with NH4HCO3 greater than
      NaCl greater than Na acetate; (b) was optimal with 0.5 M salt; (c) was not
      appreciably affected by the pH of the extraction buffer between pH 5.0 and 8.5;
      and (d) exhibited the greatest specific activity at the lower pH. The extracted
      sperm factor could be concentrated without loss by ultrafiltration on Amicon PM
      10 membranes. The effect on adenylate cyclase of concentrated and desalted sperm
      extracted was inhibited 50% by various salts at 10 to 30 mM. The effects of the
      sperm factor to activate platelet adenylate cyclase, to block its inhibition via
      the alpha-adrenoceptor, and to block inhibition of stimulated forms of the enzyme
      by stable guanine nucleotides were prevented by protease inhibitors. A 50%
      reduction in the sperm factor's activation of platelet adenylate cyclase was
      caused by 30 nM soybean trypsin inhibitor, 30 nM alpha 2-macroglobulin, 300 nM
      leupeptin, 1 microM antipain, 15 microM aprotinin, and 100 microM benzamidine. Up
      to 3 mM phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride was without effect on activation of the
      platelet cyclase by the sperm factor. The effects of the sperm factor persisted
      after its removal by the washing of pretreated platelet membranes and after its
      inactivation by the subsequent addition of leupeptin. The data strongly support
      the conclusion that the bovine sperm factor is a trypsin-like protease. alpha
      Chymotrypsin, trypsin, and sperm acrosin were comparably effective in stimulating
      the platelet adenylate cyclase 5- to 8-fold, with concentrations eliciting
      maximal stimulation being: 200 ng trypsin/ml; 2 micrograms alpha-chymotrypsin/ml;
      and 2 micrograms acrosin/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3880738
TI  - Archaebacterial phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. Accuracy of the phenylalanyl-tRNA
      synthetase from the archaebacterium Methanosarcina barkeri, Zn(II)-dependent
      synthesis of diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate, and immunological
      relationship of OFFnylalanyl-tRNA synthetases from different urkingdoms.
AB  - Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from the archaebacterium Methanosarcina barkeri
      activates a number of phenylalanine analogues (methionine, p-fluorophenylalanine,
      beta-phenylserine, beta-thien-2-ylalanine, 2-amino-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid and
      ochratoxin A) in the absence of tRNA, as demonstrated by Km and kcat of the
      ATP/PPi exchange reaction. Upon complexation with tRNA, AMP formation from the
      enzyme X tRNA complex in the presence of ATP, one of the above analogues or
      tyrosine, leucine, mimosine, N-benzyl-L- or N-benzyl-D-phenylalanine indicates
      activation of the analogues under conditions of aminoacylation. Natural
      noncognate amino acids are not transferred to tRNAPhe-C-C-A or tRNAPhe-C-C-A-(3'
      NH2). This pretransfer proofreading mechanism, together with the comparatively
      low ratio of synthetic to successive hydrolytic steps, resembles the mechanism of
      liver enzymes of vertebrates. In contrast, eubacterial phenylalanyl-tRNA
      synthetases achieve the necessary fidelity by post-transfer proofreading, a
      corrective hydrolytic event after transfer to tRNAPhe. Diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4
      tetraphosphate synthesis is shown to be a common feature for phenylalanyl-tRNA
      synthetases from all three lineages of descent. The immunological approach
      demonstrates that aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases do not belong to the group of
      enzymes in gene expression with high structural conservation.

PMID- 3880737
TI  - The formation of plectonemic joints by the recA protein of Escherichia coli.
      Requirement for ATP hydrolysis.
AB  - Formation of D-loops during the exchange of strands between a circular single
      stranded DNA and a completely homologous linear duplex proceeds optimally when
      the duplex DNA is added to the complex of recA protein and single-stranded DNA
      formed in the presence of single-stranded DNA-binding protein and ATP. D-loops
      are undetectable when 200 microM adenosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate) is substituted
      for ATP. D-loops can be formed in the presence of adenosine 5'-O
      (thiotriphosphate) if recA protein is the last component added to the reaction.
      However, these D-loops, which depend upon homologous sequences, are unstable upon
      deproteinization and are formed to a more limited extent than the structures
      formed with ATP. This finding indicates that D-loops formed under these
      conditions may be largely nonintertwined paranemic structures rather than
      plectonemic structures in which two of the strands are interwoven. When adenosine
      5'-O-(thiotriphosphate) is added to an ongoing reaction containing ATP, formation
      of plectonemic structures and ATP hydrolysis is inhibited to an equivalent
      extent. We, therefore, conclude that ATP hydrolysis is required for the formation
      of plectonemic structures.

PMID- 3880739
TI  - Extent of equilibrium perturbation of the DNA helix upon enzymatic methylation of
      adenine residues.
AB  - The extent of equilibrium perturbation of the DNA helix associated with enzymatic
      methylation of dA residues has been determined by the agarose gel electrophoresis
      band-shift method. Utilization of EcoRI methylase under conditions of reduced
      specificity together with Escherichia coli dam methylase permitted modification
      of up to 300 dA residues/plasmid pBR322 dimer. A conformational change associated
      with methylation was observed, with the magnitude of the transition being linear
      with extent of modification of relaxed DNA circles. The conformational change
      corresponds to an unwinding of the DNA helix by 0.5 degrees/methyl group
      transferred to relaxed molecules. The magnitude of the effect was independent of
      temperature from 5-37 degrees C indicating that it is not the consequence of a
      thermal transition within this range.

PMID- 3880740
TI  - Radiometric analysis of oxidative reactions in aromatization by placental
      microsomes. Presence of differential isotope effects.
AB  - In order to study the initial as well as the final steps in the aromatization of
      androgens to estrogens, high-specific activity [19-C3H3]androstenedione and
      testosterone were synthesized. Incubations of [19-C3H3]androstenedione with human
      placental microsomes resulted in the generation of [3H]water, as a result of the
      dual hydroxylation at C-19, and [3H]formic acid reflecting final aromatization.
      After an initial lag in the production of [3H]formic acid, the two radiolabeled
      products were formed linearly with time at a ratio of 2 to 1 under subsaturating
      conditions and 2.2 to 1 when saturating levels of substrate were present.
      Incubation of a mixture of [19-C3H3]- and [4-14C]androstenedione with human
      placental microsomes yielded 19-hydroxy- and 19-oxoandrostenedione, respectively,
      products of one and two hydroxylations at C-19. The isotope ratios of these
      derivatives revealed the presence of a tritium isotope effect in the first but
      not in the second hydroxylation at that site. When [19-C3H2]- and [4-14C]19
      hydroxyandrostenedione were used as the substrate, the isotope ratio of the
      isolated 19-oxoandrostenedione showed no evidence of any isotope effect in its
      formation. Thus, the second hydroxylation at C-19 exhibits no isotope effect
      irrespective of whether androstenedione or 19-hydroxyandrostenedione are the
      substrates, and therefore, a concerted process and catalytic commitment are not
      responsible for the difference in isotope effects between the first and second C
      19 hydroxylation by the placental aromatase complex. Radiometric kinetic analysis
      employing [19-C3H3]- and [1 beta,2 beta-3H]androstenedione as the comparative
      substrates provided evidence that the isotope effect is exerted solely through
      the Vmax component of the reaction. The distinction between the successive
      hydroxylations at C-19 in the aromatization sequence suggests, but does not
      prove, that different mechanisms, and hence different catalytic sites, may be
      involved in these steps.

PMID- 3880741
TI  - Biosynthetic studies on saframycin A, a quinone antitumor antibiotic produced by
      Streptomyces lavendulae.
AB  - The biosynthesis of saframycin A, a heterocyclic quinone antitumor antibiotic
      isolated from Streptomyces lavendulae 314, was studied by feeding experiments
      with 14C and 13C precursors. Highly increased production of saframycin A and
      prolongation of the maximum production period of saframycin A were attained by
      constant pH control of the culture and by addition of chloramphenicol to the
      culture. The biosynthetic origin of the quinone skeleton common to the saframycin
      group was confirmed to be two tyrosine molecules which condense to generate the
      basic ring system of saframycin A. Feeding experiments with [1-13C]tyrosine
      showed specific labeling of C-11 and C-21 carbons of saframycin A, and the
      enrichment of the carbons was 40-fold over natural abundance. Two O- and two C
      methyl and one N-methyl carbons arose directly from methionine, and alanine and
      glycine were the precursors for the pyruvoyl amide side chain of saframycin A.

PMID- 3880742
TI  - Refined crystal structures of Escherichia coli and chicken liver dihydrofolate
      reductase containing bound trimethoprim.
AB  - Refined crystal structures are reported for complexes of Escherichia coli and
      chicken dihydrofolate reductase containing the antibiotic trimethoprim (TMP).
      Structural comparison of these two complexes reveals major geometrical
      differences in TMP binding that may be important in understanding the stereo
      chemical basis of this inhibitor's selectivity for bacterial dihydrofolate
      reductases. For TMP bound to chicken dihydrofolate reductase we observe an
      altered binding geometry in which the 2,4-diaminopyrimidine occupies a position
      in closer proximity (by approximately 1 A) to helix alpha B compared to the
      pyrimidine position for TMP or methotrexate bound to E. coli dihydrofolate
      reductase. One important consequence of this deeper insertion of the pyrimidine
      into the active site of chicken dihydrofolate reductase is the loss of a
      potential hydrogen bond that would otherwise form between the carbonyl oxygen of
      Val-115 and the inhibitor's 4-amino group. In addition, for TMP bound to E. coli
      dihydrofolate reductase, the inhibitor's benzyl side chain is positioned low in
      the active-site pocket pointing down toward the nicotinamide-binding site,
      whereas, in chicken dihydrofolate reductase, the benzyl group is accommodated in
      a side channel running upward and away from the cofactor. As a result, the
      torsion angles about the C5-C7 and C7-C1' bonds for TMP bound to the bacterial
      reductase (177 degrees, 76 degrees) differ significantly from the corresponding
      angles for TMP bound to chicken dihydrofolate reductase (-85 degrees, 102
      degrees). Finally, when TMP binds to the chicken holoenzyme, the Tyr-31 side
      chain undergoes a large conformational change (average movement is 5.4 A for all
      atoms beyond C beta), rotating down into a new position where it hydrogen bonds
      via an intervening water molecule to the backbone carbonyl oxygen of Trp-24.

PMID- 3880743
TI  - Dihydrofolate reductase. The stereochemistry of inhibitor selectivity.
AB  - X-ray structural results are reported for 10 triazine and pyrimidine inhibitors
      of dihydrofolate reductase, each one studied as a ternary complex with NADPH and
      chicken dihydrofolate reductase. Analysis of these data and comparison with
      structural results from the preceding paper (Matthews, D.A., Bolin, J.T.,
      Burridge, J.M., Filman, D.J., Volz, K.W., Kaufman, B. T., Beddell, C.R.,
      Champness, J.N., Stammers, D.K., and Kraut, J. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 381
      391) in which we contrasted binding of the antibiotic trimethoprim (TMP) to
      chicken dihydrofolate reductase on the one hand with its binding to Escherichia
      coli dihydrofolate reductase on the other, permit identification of differences
      that are important in accounting for TMP's selectivity. The crystallographic
      evidence strongly suggests that loss of a potential hydrogen bond between the 4
      amino group of TMP and the backbone carbonyl of Val-115 when TMP binds to chicken
      dihydrofolate reductase but not when it binds to the E. coli reductase is the
      major factor responsible for this drug's more potent inhibition of bacterial
      dihydrofolate reductase. A key finding of the current study which is important in
      understanding why TMP binds differently to chicken and E. coli dihydrofolate
      reductases is that residues on opposite sides of the active-site cleft in chicken
      dihydrofolate reductase are about 1.5-2.0 A further apart than are structurally
      equivalent residues in the E. coli enzyme.

PMID- 3880744
TI  - Inhibition of the reductive activation of a valyl-tRNA synthetase from yeast by
      unsaturated fatty acids and associated observations on newly found lipophilic
      substances from yeast.
AB  - The reductive activation of a valyl-tRNA synthetase from yeast is strongly
      inhibited by 1-30 microM unsaturated fatty acids, and the inhibition is
      antagonized by 10-100 microM saturated fatty acids. Diethylstilbestrol also
      inhibits the activation. The possibility that unesterified palmitoleic and oleic
      acids are bona fide regulatory effectors is supported by a dramatic inverse
      relation between their cellular content and the growth rate of commercial bakers'
      yeast. An increase in the ratio of unsaturated to saturated acids with slowing
      growth in a laboratory strain, S288C, also supports the regulatory hypothesis.
      The free fatty acids are extracted into slightly acidified 50% alcohol together
      with traces of numerous novel lipophilic substances. One of these is suggested to
      function as a cofactor in conjunction with a heat-stable polypeptide that
      activates valyl-tRNA synthetase.

PMID- 3880745
TI  - The inhibition of hexose transport by permeant and impermeant sulfhydryl agents
      in rat adipocytes.
AB  - The importance of exofacial sulfhydryl groups for hexose transport and its
      regulation was studied by comparing the effects of plasma membrane-permeant
      maleimide (N-ethylmaleimide) to an impermeant maleimide (glutathione-maleimide I)
      on 3-O-methylglucose transport into isolated rat adipocytes. The impermeant
      nature of glutathione-maleimide was confirmed by the finding that after a 15-min
      incubation, concentrations as high as 10 mM had no effect on intracellular
      glutathione content, while 1.7 mM N-ethylmaleimide decreased intracellular
      glutathione by 61%. Although N-ethylmaleimide appeared to be a more potent
      inhibitor of transport below 5 mM and at incubation times of less than 5 min,
      neither agent at concentrations which did not cause significant cell breakage
      inhibited basal transport rates more than 60-70%. The inhibition of transport by
      both agents was unaffected by extensive washing, suggesting a possible covalent
      interaction with the carrier. Preincubation with p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic
      acid protected against the transport inhibition induced by both agents. However,
      only the transport inhibition induced by glutathione-maleimide was prevented by
      preincubation with D-glucose (50 mM) and maltose (50 mM). Transport in cells
      pretreated with insulin was inhibited by both agents to a similar extent as basal
      transport. However, treatment of cells with the maleimides before insulin caused
      a greater degree of inhibition. Thus, the insulin-induced increase in transport
      was inhibited half-maximally by 1 mM glutathione-maleimide. These results show
      that exofacial sulfhydryl groups, perhaps on the hexose-binding site of the
      carrier, are important for both the function and regulation of hexose transport.

PMID- 3880746
TI  - Fatty acid biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis Bacillus
      Calmette-Guerin. Purification and characterization of a novel fatty acid
      synthase, mycocerosic acid synthase, which elongates n-fatty acyl-CoA with
      methylmalonyl-CoA.
AB  - A crude extract from Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis Bacillus Calmette
      Guerin was previously shown to incorporate methylmalonyl-CoA into mycocerosic
      acids, exemplified by 2,4,6,8-tetramethyloctacosanoic acid, and malonyl-CoA into
      n-fatty acids (Rainwater D. L., and Kolattukudy, P. E. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258,
      2979-2985). The presence of several fatty acid synthases with differences in
      substrate preference and product chain length was detected in the crude extract
      of M. tuberculosis var. bovis. Among them was a mycocerosic acid synthase which
      was purified to homogeneity using anion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration,
      affinity chromatography, and hydroxylapatite chromatography. This fatty acid
      synthase elongated long-chain fatty acyl-CoA primers using methylmalonyl-CoA and
      NADPH to produce multimethyl-branched mycocerosic acids. The enzyme was specific
      for methylmalonyl-CoA and would not incorporate malonyl-CoA into fatty acids. It
      elongated n-C6 to n-C20 CoA esters to generate primarily the corresponding
      tetramethyl-branched mycocerosic acids. Exogenous [1-14C]acyl-CoA and
      trideuteromethylmalonyl-CoA were incorporated into the multimethyl-branched fatty
      acids. Dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis showed that the enzyme had a molecular
      weight of 238,000, whereas gel filtration showed a native molecular weight of
      490,000, indicating that the enzyme is composed of two monomers of identical
      molecular weight. The enzyme contained an acyl carrier protein-like segment as
      indicated by incorporation of [1-14C] pantothenate into the 238-kDa protein and
      production of 1 mol of taurine/mol of the monomer upon hydrolysis of performic
      acid-oxidized enzyme. It is concluded that the mycocerosic acid synthase is a
      multifunctional enzyme similar to the well-characterized multifunctional fatty
      acid synthases except for the substrate specificity.

PMID- 3880747
TI  - The T4 mot protein functions as part of a pre-replicative DNA-protein complex.
AB  - Middle-mode RNA synthesis in T4-infected cells takes place before replication of
      phage DNA commences. What distinguishes it from early-mode RNA synthesis is that
      initiation of middle RNA depends on T4-coded proteins, in particular on the mot
      gene product. mot protein is localized in a DNA-protein complex which forms
      during the first few minutes of infection. All of the cell's mot protein is bound
      in this complex, and it continues to be bound long after the synthesis of mot
      protein has stopped. When we infect Escherichia coli with T4 carrying a
      temperature-sensitive mutation in the mot gene, we find a correlation between the
      physiology of this mot mutant and the amount of mot protein bound in the DNA
      protein complex. Although there is some host RNA polymerase in the complex, mot
      protein does not seem to bind to this enzyme. Two other T4-coded proteins, of
      molecular weights 17,600 and 15,000, are also found in the pre-replicative DNA
      protein complex. One of these, p17,600, is coded for by a 750-base pair region
      located between genes 39 and 56; p17,600 appears to be the recently described
      motB gene product. The other protein, p15,000, is not an RNA polymerase-binding
      protein; it is characterized by its strong binding to the DNA-protein complex.

PMID- 3880748
TI  - An alkyl imidate labeling study of the organization of phospholipids and proteins
      in the lipid-containing bacteriophage PR4.
AB  - The structure of the lipid-containing bacteriophage PR4 was studied using two
      alkyl imidates, ethyl acetimidate (EAI), a reagent permeant to lipid bilayers and
      isethionyl acetimidate (IAI), which is impermeant to membranes. The virion is an
      icosahedral particle consisting of a protein coat surrounding a membrane of
      phospholipid and protein which in turn encloses the DNA genome. Upon exposure to
      the permeant reagent, EAI, 50% of the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) molecules
      reacted rapidly (half-life less than 10 min). A similar fraction of the PE also
      reacted with IAI, the impermeant reagent. The remaining half of the PE molecules
      reacted slowly with EAI (half-life of 80 min) and failed to react with IAI. All
      of the phage proteins reacted with both EAI and IAI (except a DNA-associated
      protein which reacted only with EAI). These labeling results indicate that the
      phage membrane consists of a lipid bilayer and that at least a portion of each
      phage protein (except the DNA-associated protein) is exposed on the external face
      of the lipid bilayer. Several of the membrane proteins could be cross-linked
      either to the phage membrane PE after EAI treatment or to phage
      phosphatidylglycerol after periodate treatment. The major structural protein of
      the phage was readily cross-linked to PG but failed to cross-link to PE
      suggesting that the protein specifically interacts with PG.

PMID- 3880749
TI  - Localization of tektin filaments in microtubules of sea urchin sperm flagella by
      immunoelectron microscopy.
AB  - Extraction of doublet microtubules from the sperm flagella of the sea urchin
      Strongylocentrotus purpuratus with sarkosyl (0.5%)-urea (2.5 M) yields a highly
      pure preparation of "tektin" filaments that we have previously shown to resemble
      intermediate filament proteins. They form filaments 2-3 nm in diameter as seen by
      negative stain electron microscopy and are composed of approximately equal
      amounts of three polypeptide bands with apparent molecular weights of 47,000,
      51,000, and 55,000, as determined by SDS PAGE. We prepared antibodies to this set
      of proteins to localize them in the doublet microtubules of S. purpuratus and
      other species. Tektins and tubulin were antigenically distinct when tested by
      immunoblotting with affinity-purified antitektin and antitubulin antibodies.
      Fixed sperm or axonemes from several different species of sea urchin showed
      immunofluorescent staining with antitektin antibodies. We also used antibodies
      coupled to gold spheres to localize the proteins by electron microscopy. Whereas
      a monoclonal antitubulin (Kilmartin, J.V., B. Wright, and C. Milstein, 1982, J.
      Cell Biol. 93:576-582) decorates intact microtubules along their lengths,
      antitektins labeled only the ends of intact microtubules and sarkosyl-insoluble
      ribbons. However, if microtubules and ribbons attached to electron microscope
      grids were first extracted with sarkosyl-urea, the tektin filaments that remain
      were decorated by antitektin antibodies throughout their length. These results
      suggest that tektins form integral filaments of flagellar microtubule walls,
      whose antigenic sites are normally masked, perhaps by the presence of tubulin
      around them.

PMID- 3880750
TI  - Glycoprotein 115, a glycoprotein isolated from chick blood vessels, is widely
      distributed in connective tissue.
AB  - An extracellular glycoprotein (gp 115) with an apparent Mr = 115,000 isolated
      from chick aortas (Bressan, G. M., I. Castellani, A. Colombatti, and D. Volpin,
      1983, J. Biol. Chem., 258:13262-13267), was used to immunize mice. The antisera
      were shown to specifically recognize gp 115 by numerous criteria: a major band
      around Mr = 115,000 plus minor bands of lower Mr were visible by immunoblotting
      on aorta extracts, and a similar pattern was observed with a monoclonal antibody;
      no cross-reactivity was detected by radioimmunobinding with other extracellular
      proteins, namely, fibronectin, laminin, and collagen types I, III, IV, V, and VI.
      Antigen distribution on frozen tissue sections from newborn chicks was
      investigated by using affinity-purified antibody. Strong immunoreactivity was
      always found in blood vessels. In the digestive tract, the fluorescent staining
      was localized both at the level of muscular layers and in the stromal matrix of
      the villi. Within skeletal muscle and myocardium, staining was associated with
      large connective tissue bundles and the matrix around each muscle fiber. Intense
      fluorescence was observed in the kidney, in smooth muscle cells rich areas of
      parabronchi, and within the portal space and along liver sinusoids. The antigen
      was not detected at the epidermal-dermal junction; immunoreactivity in the dermis
      was present as a diffuse fibrillar pattern. That the antigen detected by
      immunofluorescence in the various organs was indeed gp 115 was demonstrated by
      immunoblotting analysis: as in aorta extracts, a major band around Mr = 115,000
      was detected in several tissues. Antibody-reacting material was also incorporated
      into the extracellular matrix produced by embryo smooth muscle cells grown in
      vitro and was organized as a meshwork of fine fibrils.

PMID- 3880751
TI  - Preferential outgrowth of central nervous system neurites on astrocytes and
      Schwann cells as compared with nonglial cells in vitro.
AB  - I have compared central nervous system (CNS) neurite outgrowth on glial and
      nonglial cells. Monolayers of glial cells (astrocytes and Schwann cells) or
      nonglial cells (e.g., fibroblasts) were prepared and were shown to be greater
      than 95% pure as judged by cell type-specific markers. These monolayers were then
      tested for their ability to support neurite outgrowth from various CNS explants.
      While CNS neurites grew vigorously on the glial cells, most showed little growth
      on nonglial cell monolayers. Neurites grew singly or in fine fascicles on the
      glial cells at rates greater than 0.5 mm/d. The neurite outgrowth on astrocytes
      was investigated in detail. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed
      that the neurites were closely apposed to the astrocyte surface and that the
      growth cones were well spread with long filopodia. There was no evidence of
      significant numbers of explant-derived cells migrating onto the monolayers. Two
      types of experiments indicated that factors associated with the astrocyte surface
      were primarily responsible for the vigorous neurite outgrowth seen on these
      cells: (a) Conditioned media from either astrocytes or fibroblasts had no effect
      on the pattern of outgrowth on fibroblasts and astrocytes, and conditioned media
      factors from either cell type did not promote neurite outgrowth when bound to
      polylysine-coated dishes. (b) When growing CNS neurites encountered a boundary
      between astrocytes and fibroblasts, they stayed on the astrocytes and did not
      encroach onto the fibroblasts. These experiments strongly suggest that molecules
      specific to the surfaces of astrocytes make these cells particularly attractive
      substrates for CNS neurite outgrowth, and they raise the possibility that similar
      molecules on embryonic glial cells may play a role in guiding axonal growth
      during normal CNS development.

PMID- 3880753
TI  - Giant axonal neuropathy: a conditional mutation affecting cytoskeletal
      organization.
AB  - Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) results from autosomal recessive mutations (gan-)
      that affect cytoskeletal organization; specifically, intermediate filaments (IFs)
      are found collapsed into massive bundles in a variety of different cell types. We
      studied the gan- fibroblast lines WG321 and WG139 derived from different GAN
      patients. Although previous studies implied that the gan- IF phenotype was
      constitutive, we find that it is conditional. That is, when cells were grown
      under the permissive condition of medium containing over 2% fetal calf serum,
      most cells had normal IF organization. IF bundles formed when gan- cells were
      transferred to the nonpermissive condition of low (0.1%) serum. Microtubule
      organization appeared normal in the presence or absence of serum. The effect of
      serum starvation was largely blocked or reversed by the addition of BSA to the
      culture media. We found no evidence that the gan- phenotype depends upon progress
      through the cell cycle. We discuss the possible role of serum effects in the
      etiology of GAN and speculate as to the molecular nature of the gan- defect.

PMID- 3880752
TI  - Junctions between lens fiber cells are labeled with a monoclonal antibody shown
      to be specific for MP26.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (mcAb) that recognizes an intracellular domain of the major
      lens membrane protein in both chicken and bovine lenses is described. Mice were
      immunized with chicken lens fiber cell membranes that had been washed with 7 M
      urea. Hybridomas were screened by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and
      the molecular specificities of the mcAbs were determined using electrophoretic
      transfer procedures, "Westerns." One of these mcAbs, an IgG designated B2,
      reacted with a single band of 28,000 Mr from the chicken embryo lens (MP28) and
      the analogous 26,000 Mr protein in the bovine lens (MP26). Monoclonal B2 was
      shown to be specific for these proteins, since (a) heating in SDS caused MP26 to
      aggregate and reduced B2 binding to the protein band at an Mr of 26,000 in
      Western transfer analysis; (b) apparent dimers were bound by B2 in Western
      transfers; (c) soluble protein fractions from the lens contained no detectable B2
      antigens; and (d) a cyanogen bromide fragment of MP26 was bound by B2. Studies
      with several proteases indicated that the antigenic site for B2 resides on a 2
      kd, protease-sensitive region at the C-terminal end of MP26 and MP28. Evidence
      for B2 binding on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane comes from labeling
      studies done at the ultrastructural level. These studies, utilizing indirect
      methods with peroxidase and colloidal gold markers, clearly demonstrated that B2
      labels two types of junctional profiles. In our calf lens membrane preparations
      after tannic acid staining, the predominant type (80%) measured 16-18 nn thick,
      with the second type measuring only 12-14 nm. Chick embryo lens cells that had
      differentiated in vitro and formed groups of lens fiber-like cells (termed
      lentoids), fluoresced brightly only when they had been permeabilized before
      labeling with B2 and a fluorochrome-conjugated antibody. This binding was
      concentrated at the plasma membranes of cells within the lentoids, even outside
      areas of cell-cell contact. Surrounding epithelioid cells were not stained.
      Solubilized lens cultures, examined by Westerns, displayed a single
      immunoreactive band, which co-migrated with MP28.

PMID- 3880754
TI  - Characterization of a myosin heavy chain in the conductive system of the adult
      and developing chicken heart.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (anterior latissimus dorsi 58 [ALD58]; antimyosin heavy
      chain, MHC) directed against myosin from slow tonic muscle was found to react
      specifically with the striated muscle cells of the conductive system in the adult
      chicken heart. This monoclonal antibody was used to study the expression of
      myosin in the conductive system of the adult and developing heart. Using
      immunofluorescence microscopy with ALD58, muscle cells of the conductive system
      were demonstrated in both the atria and ventricles of the adult heart as
      previously shown by Sartore et al. (Sartore, S., S. Pierobon-Bormioli, and S.
      Schiafinno, 1978, Nature (Lond.), 274: 82-83). Radioactive myosin from adult
      atria and ventricles was precipitated with ALD58 and subjected to limited
      proteolysis and subsequent peptide mapping. Peptide maps of ALD58 reactive myosin
      from atria and ventricles were very similar, if not identical, but differed from
      peptide maps of ordinary atrial and ventricular myosin. The same antibody was
      used to study cardiac myogenesis in the chick embryo. When ALD58 was reacted with
      myosin isolated from atria and ventricles at selected stages of development in
      radioimmunoassays, reactivity was not observed until the last week of embryonic
      life (greater than 15 d of egg incubation). Thereafter concomitant and
      progressively increased reactivity was observed in atrial and ventricular
      preparations. Also, no ALD58 positive cells were observed in immunofluorescence
      studies of embryonic hearts until 17 d of egg incubation. Primary cell cultures
      of embryonic hearts also proved to be negative for this antibody. This study
      demonstrates that an epitope recognized by ALD58 associated with an antimyosin
      heavy chain of striated muscle cells of the adult heart conductive system is
      absent or present in only small amounts in the early embryonic heart.

PMID- 3880756
TI  - Cell-adhesion molecule uvomorulin is localized in the intermediate junctions of
      adult intestinal epithelial cells.
AB  - Uvomorulin is a cell-adhesion molecule implicated in the compaction process of
      mouse preimplantation embryos and the aggregation of embryonal carcinoma cells. A
      rabbit antiserum against purified uvomorulin also reacts with epithelial cells of
      various adult tissues. In this study, we investigated the localization of
      uvomorulin on adult intestinal epithelial cells using electron microscopic
      analyses. Uvomorulin was shown to exhibit a highly restricted localization in the
      intermediate junctions of these cells. The results are discussed with respect to
      a possible adhesive function of uvomorulin on intestinal epithelial cells.

PMID- 3880755
TI  - Does actin bind to the ends of thin filaments in skeletal muscle?
AB  - We examined whether or not purified actin binds to the ends of thin filaments in
      rabbit skeletal myofibrils. Phase-contrast, fluorescence, and electron
      microscopic observations revealed that actin does not bind to the ends of thin
      filaments of intact myofibrils. However, in I-Z-I brushes prepared by dissolving
      thick filaments at high ionic strength, marked binding of actin to the free ends,
      i.e., the pointed ends, of thin filaments was observed when actin was added at an
      early phase of polymerization. As the polymerization of actin proceeded, the
      binding efficiency decreased. The critical actin concentration for this binding
      was higher than that for polymerization in solution. The binding of G-actin was
      not observed at low ionic strength. On the basis of these results, we suggest
      that a particular structure suppressing the binding of actin is present at the
      free ends of thin filaments in intact myofibrils and that a part of the end
      structure population is eliminated or modified at high ionic strength so that
      further binding of actin becomes possible. The myofibril and I-Z-I brush appear
      to be useful systems for studies aimed at elucidating the organizational
      mechanisms of actin filaments in vivo.

PMID- 3880757
TI  - Changes in the distribution of a spectrin-like protein during development of the
      preimplantation mouse embryo.
AB  - The mouse blastocyst expresses a 240,000-mol-wt polypeptide that cross-reacts
      with antibody to avian erythrocyte alpha-spectrin. Immunofluorescence
      localization showed striking changes in the distribution of the putative
      embryonic spectrin during preimplantation and early postimplantation development.
      There was no detectable spectrin in either the unfertilized or fertilized egg.
      The first positive reaction was observed in the early 2-cell stage when a bright
      band of fluorescence delimited the region of cell-cell contact. The blastomeres
      subsequently developed continuous cortical layers of spectrin and this
      distribution was maintained throughout the cleavage stages. A significant
      reduction in fluorescence intensity occurred before implantation in the apical
      region of the mural trophoblast and the trophoblast outgrowths developed linear
      arrays of spectrin spots that were oriented in the direction of spreading. In
      contrast to the alterations that take place in the periphery of the embryo,
      spectrin was consistently present in the cortical cytoplasm underlying regions of
      contact between the blastomeres and between cells of the inner cell mass. The
      results suggest a possible role for spectrin in cell-cell interactions during
      early development.

PMID- 3880758
TI  - Fate of microtubule-organizing centers during myogenesis in vitro.
AB  - Microtubule organization and nucleation were studied during in vitro human
      myogenesis by immunocytology that used monoclonal and polyclonal antitubulin
      antibodies and a rabbit nonimmune serum that reacts with human centrosomes. In
      myoblasts, we observed a classical microtubule network centered on juxtanuclear
      centrosomes. Myotubes possessed numerous microtubules organized in parallel
      without any apparent nucleation centers. Centrosomes in these cells were not
      associated one to each nucleus but were often clustered in the vicinity of nuclei
      groups. They were significantly smaller than those of the mononucleated cells.
      The periphery of each nucleus in myotubes was labeled with the serum that labels
      centrosomes suggesting a profound reorganization of microtubule-nucleating
      material. Regrowth experiments after Nocodazole treatment established that
      microtubules were growing from the periphery of the nuclei. The redistribution of
      nucleating material was shown to take place early after myoblast fusion. Such a
      phenomenon appears to be specific to myogenic differentiation in that
      artificially induced polykaryons behaved differently: the centrosomes aggregated
      to form only one or a few giant nucleating centers and the nuclei did not
      participate directly in the nucleation of microtubules. The significance of these
      results is discussed in relation to the possible role of the centrosome in
      establishing cell polarity.

PMID- 3880760
TI  - A cellular binding site for the Mr 55,000 form of the human plasminogen
      activator, urokinase.
AB  - The secretion of plasminogen activators has been implicated in the controlled
      extracellular proteolysis that accompanies cell migration and tissue remodeling.
      We found that the human plasminogen activator urokinase (Uk) (Mr 55,000 form)
      binds rapidly, specifically, and with high affinity to fresh human blood
      monocytes and to cells of the monocyte line U937. Upon binding Mr 55,000 Uk was
      observed to confer high plasminogen activator activity to the cells. Binding of
      the enzyme did not require a functional catalytic site (located on the B chain of
      the protein) but did require the noncatalytic A chain of Mr 55,000 Uk, since Mr
      33,000 Uk did not bind. These results demonstrate the presence of a membrane
      receptor for Uk on monocytes and show a hitherto unknown function for the A chain
      of Uk: binding of secreted enzyme to its receptor results in Uk acting as a
      membrane protease. This localizes plasminogen activation near the cell surface,
      an optimal site to facilitate cell migration.

PMID- 3880759
TI  - Human erythrocyte myosin: identification and purification.
AB  - Human erythrocytes contain an Mr 200,000 polypeptide that cross-reacts
      specifically with affinity-purified antibodies to the Mr 200,000 heavy chain of
      human platelet myosin. Immunofluorescence staining of formaldehyde-fixed
      erythrocytes demonstrated that the immunoreactive myosin polypeptide is present
      in all cells and is localized in a punctate pattern throughout the cell. Between
      20-40% of the immunoreactive myosin polypeptide remained associated with the
      membranes after hemolysis and preparation of ghosts, suggesting that it may be
      bound to the membrane cytoskeleton as well as being present in the cytosol. The
      immunoreactive myosin polypeptide was purified from the hemolysate to
      approximately 85% purity by DEAE-cellulose chromatography followed by gel
      filtration on Sephacryl S-400. The purified protein is an authentic vertebrate
      myosin with two globular heads at the end of a rod-like tail approximately 150-nm
      long, as visualized by rotary shadowing of individual molecules, and with two
      light chains (Mr 25,000 and 19,500) in association with the Mr 200,000 heavy
      chain. Peptide maps of the Mr 200,000 heavy chains of erythrocyte and platelet
      myosin were seen to be nearly identical, but the proteins are distinct since the
      platelet myosin light chains migrate differently on SDS gels (Mr 20,000 and
      17,000). The erythrocyte myosin formed bipolar filaments 0.3-0.4-micron long at
      physiological salt concentrations and exhibited a characteristic pattern of
      myosin ATPase activities with EDTA, Ca++, and Mg++-ATPase activities in 0.5 M KCl
      of 0.38, 0.48, and less than 0.01 mumol/min per mg. The Mg++-ATPase activity of
      erythrocyte myosin in 0.06 M KCl (less than 0.01 mumol/min per mg) was not
      stimulated by the addition of rabbit muscle F-actin. The erythrocyte myosin was
      present in about 6,000 copies per cell, in a ratio of 80 actin monomers for every
      myosin molecule, which is an amount comparable to actin/myosin ratios in other
      nonmuscle cells. The erythrocyte myosin could function together with tropomyosin
      on the erythrocyte membrane (Fowler, V.M., and V. Bennett, 1984, J. Biol. Chem.,
      259:5978-5989) in an actomyosin contractile apparatus responsible for ATP
      dependent changes in erythrocyte shape.

PMID- 3880761
TI  - Differential responsiveness of cultured suckling and adult rat hepatocytes to
      growth-promoting factors: entry into S phase and mitosis.
AB  - The capacity of suckling and adult rat hepatocytes in culture to enter into S
      phase and mitosis in response to EGF, insulin, and glucagon was measured. Both
      cell types were isolated in high yield and purity and cultured in the absence of
      serum under identical conditions. At the time of isolation, suckling rat
      hepatocytes were all diploid and in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Adult rat
      hepatocytes constituted a population of mixed ploidy level, as shown by flow
      cytometry. Upon stimulation, both suckling and adult rate hepatocytes entered S
      phase after a minimum lag period of 24 h. For suckling rat hepatocytes EGF was
      required, but its stimulating action was dependent on insulin and/or glucagon. In
      contrast, adult rat hepatocytes entered into S phase in response to EGF alone;
      insulin and glucagon did not significantly potentiate its effect. Under optimal
      hormonal stimulation for entry into S phase a large proportion of suckling rat
      hepatocytes underwent mitosis, whereas only a few mitoses were observed in the
      case of adult rat hepatocytes. Therefore, there is a differential response of
      suckling and adult rat hepatocytes to growth factors which correlates with ploidy
      level, and this difference may be associated with the degree of maturation.

PMID- 3880762
TI  - Comparative effects of somatomedin C and insulin on the metabolism and growth of
      cultured human fibroblasts.
AB  - At concentrations of 25 ng/ml in serum-free medium, somatomedin C (SM-C) and
      insulin stimulated 3H-thymidine incorporation in adult human fibroblasts 4- and
      1.5-fold, respectively. The presence of 0.25% human hypopituitary serum (HHS),
      which by itself had little effect, enhanced the mitogenicity of both SM-C and
      insulin. Furthermore, 10(-7)M dexamethasone dramatically potentiated SM-C
      stimulation (70-fold) and insulin stimulation (28-fold) of 3H-thymidine
      incorporation. With dexamethasone and 0.25% HHS, significant stimulation of DNA
      synthesis was seen at 2.5 ng/ml for both SM-C and insulin. The effects of SM-C
      and insulin on 3H-thymidine incorporation were additive. These 3H-thymidine
      incorporation results were clearly supported by cell replication studies. On the
      other hand, SM-C and insulin had equivalent, nonadditive effects on RNA and
      protein synthesis and protein degradation. Half-maximal effects were seen for
      both peptides on all three metabolic processes at 2-5 ng/ml. In contrast to their
      synergism with SM-C in the stimulation of DNA synthesis and cell replication, HHS
      and dexamethasone did not enhance SM-C stimulation of RNA or protein synthesis or
      protein degradation. These data indicate that SM-C and insulin stimulate DNA,
      RNA, and protein synthesis, protein degradation, and cell replication in adult
      human fibroblasts at nanomolar concentrations, suggesting that each peptide is
      capable of acting through its own receptor. Both SM-C and insulin are also
      capable of synergism with low concentrations of serum and dexamethasone in the
      stimulation of DNA synthesis and cell replication. It is proposed that SM-C and
      insulin both participate in the regulation of cell growth and metabolism in vivo.

PMID- 3880763
TI  - Reduced glutathione in Chinese hamster ovary cells protects against inactivation
      of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase by 2-mercaptoethanol
      disulfide.
AB  - When the disulfide of 2-mercaptoethanol (ESSE) is added to the medium of cultured
      Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, a time and concentration dependent release of
      2-mercaptoethanol to the medium is observed. The reduction of ESSE to 2
      mercaptoethanol by cells is a saturable process, the rate being approximately 50
      nmoles of 2-mercaptoethanol per mg cell protein for an hour upon exposure to 250
      microM ESSE. Reduction rate of ESSE by cells attached to a substratum is
      independent of glucose and insulin for periods up to 4 hours. However, in
      detached cells, swirled in suspension, addition of glucose and insulin is
      necessary in order to obtain a linear reduction rate of ESSE. The rate limiting
      enzyme in the sterol biosynthetic pathway, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl Coenzyme A
      reductase (E.C. 1.1.1.34), is inhibited by ESSE when isolated from CHO cells but
      total nonsaponifiable lipids synthesis from [2-14C]-acetate in intact cells is
      not affected by ESSE at concentrations up to 500 microM. Cytosolic reduced
      glutathione can spontaneously exchange disulfide bonds with ESSE and thus prevent
      it from inhibiting the reductase. Cultured cells respond to ESSE administration
      by elevating their total and acid-soluble glutathione levels. The use of ESSE as
      a perturbant of the GSH Status in cells is discussed.

PMID- 3880764
TI  - Enterocytic differentiation of a subpopulation of the human colon tumor cell line
      HT-29 selected for growth in sugar-free medium and its inhibition by glucose.
AB  - In order to study the effect of glucose on the differentiation of cultured human
      colon cancer cells, a subpopulation of HT-29 cells was selected for its capacity
      to grow in the total absence of sugar. These cells (Glc-cells) exhibit, after
      confluency, an enterocytic differentiation, in contrast to cells grown with
      glucose (Glc+ cells), which always remain undifferentiated. The differentiation
      is characterized by a polarization of the cell layer with apical brush borders
      and tight junctions, and by the presence of sucrase-isomaltase. The
      differentiation of Glc- cells is reversible: the addition of glucose to
      postconfluent cultures of Glc- cells results in an inhibiting effect on the
      expression of sucrase-isomaltase; switching growing cultures of Glc- cells to the
      Glc+ medium for several passages results in a progressive reversion to the
      undifferentiated state, which is completed after seven passages. The
      dedifferentiation process is associated with a parallel, passage-related,
      increase in the rates of glucose consumption and lactic acid production, and
      decreases of intracellular glycogen content, which return to the values of the
      undifferentiated original Glc+ cells. The values of these metabolic parameters
      are correlated, at each passage, with the degree of dedifferentiation of the
      cells. When these dedifferentiated cells, after having been cultured in Glc+
      medium for 20 passages, are switched back to the Glc- medium, they readily grow
      without mortality, and reexpress the same enterocytic differentiation as the
      parent Glc- cells. These results show that the capacity of this subpopulation to
      grow and differentiate in the absence of sugar is a stable characteristic. They
      further suggest that glucose metabolism interferes with the program of
      differentiation of HT-29 cells.

PMID- 3880765
TI  - The influence of hyperparathyroidism on glucose metabolism in uremia.
AB  - We studied glucose metabolism in a group of adolescents and young adults with
      uremia using the hyperglycemic clamp technique. In eight adolescent patients, the
      glucose metabolic rate correlated negatively with PTH levels and positively with
      the glomerular filtration rate. Six patients, one adolescent and five adults on
      regular hemodialysis with severe hyperparathyroidism, had low glucose metabolic
      rates and reduced insulin sensitivity compared to normal subjects. After
      parathyroidectomy, the glucose metabolic rate improved by 47%; plasma insulin
      concentrations during hyperglycemia increased by 37%, and insulin sensitivity did
      not change significantly. Thus, correction of hyperparathyroidism was associated
      with normalization of glucose metabolic rates and increased insulin secretion,
      but insulin resistance did not change.

PMID- 3880767
TI  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal individuals can be induced to secrete
      immunoglobulin G antibodies against self-antigen thyroglobulin in vitro.
AB  - Autoantibodies to the self-antigen thyroglobulin (Tg) are usually not found in
      sera of normal individuals, but are often present in sera of patients with
      autoimmune thyroid diseases. To determine if the presence of such autoantibodies
      could be due to the abnormal appearance of self-reactive B cells, which are
      otherwise absent in normal subjects, or to an alteration in the mechanisms
      regulating such B cells, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from normal
      individuals and patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases were cultured and
      stimulated in vitro with the polyclonal stimulant pokeweed mitogen (PWM). A
      modified plaque assay was used to enumerate cells secreting protein A-binding
      immunoglobulins (Igs) and specific antibodies against Tg. PBL from all
      individuals tested, including normal subjects (n = 26), could be induced by PWM
      to produce antibodies against Tg in vitro and these antibodies were of IgG
      isotypes. PBL from patients with detectable serum anti-Tg had more inducible
      cells secreting anti-Tg [27,000 +/- 10,700 (+/- SD)/10(6) PBL] than those from
      patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases, who had no detectable serum anti-Tg
      (8,000 +/- 5,000), and those from normal individuals (7,200 +/- 4,200). The
      demonstration of inducible mature (IgG) anti-Tg-producing cells in normal
      individuals suggests that subclinical autoimmunity against certain self-antigens
      may be a normal phenomenon in man and that its escalation into clinical
      autoimmune conditions is prevented through regulation of the specific self
      reactive cells.

PMID- 3880766
TI  - Urinary free 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone and deoxycorticosterone in human
      hypertension.
AB  - The urinary excretion of deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone
      (19-nor-DOC) was measured using a technique which consisted of the purification
      of both steroids by high pressure liquid chromatography followed by RIA using
      specific antibodies. The urinary excretion of DOC was 29.4 +/- 25 ng/24 h (mean
      +/- SD) in 35 normal subjects, 26 +/- 21 ng/24 h in 46 patients with low renin
      hypertension (LRHT), and 32 +/- 23 ng/24 h in 16 patients with normal renin
      hypertension (NRHT). The urinary excretion of 19-nor-DOC was 287 +/- 178 ng/24 h
      in normal subjects, 224 +/- 167 ng/24 h in LRHT patients, and 235 +/- 170 ng/24 h
      in NRHT patients. There were no hypertensive patients with increased excretion of
      19-nor-DOC. The excretion of 19-nor-DOC increased after 3 days of sodium
      depletion in normal and hypertensive subjects, but the increment was
      significantly higher in normotensive subjects. There was no correlation between
      the excretion of 19-nor-DOC and that of DOC or urinary aldosterone. This study
      suggests that DOC or 19-nor-DOC does not play a role in the pathogenesis of
      either LRHT or NRHT and disagrees with previous reports suggesting such a role.

PMID- 3880768
TI  - Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal is not increased in anorexia nervosa.
AB  - Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal was investigated using the euglycemic
      hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique in six women with anorexia nervosa (27.3
      +/- 4.9 yr old; weight, 38.8 +/- 6.6 kg) and compared to results obtained in six
      normal women (22.6 +/- 1.2 yr old; weight, 58 +/- 2.5 kg) and seven obese women
      (26.8 +/- 7.7 yr old; weight, 92.5 +/- 13.8 kg). The glucose clamp was performed
      for 2 h using the Biostator and a continuous insulin infusion of 100 mU kg-1 h-1.
      Plasma levels of insulin were determined at 30-min intervals. Plasma levels of
      glucagon, FFA, glycerol, 3-hydroxy-butyrate, and alanine were measured basally.
      Blood glucose levels were similar in normal subjects and anorectic patients; they
      were slightly but significantly higher in the obese patients. The indices of
      insulin sensitivity measured were the MCR of glucose and the ratio of glucose
      infused to insulin infused (G/I). They were very similar in anorectic subjects
      [MCR, 13.5 +/- 2.4 (+/- SEM) ml kg-1 min-1; G/I, 5.2 +/- 0.9 mg/mU) and normal
      subjects (MCR, 13.5 +/- 1.7 ml kg-1 min-1; G/I, 5.2 +/- 0.4 mg/mU), but were
      significantly reduced in obese patients (MCR, 5.1 +/- 0.8 ml kg-1 min-1; G/I, 2.6
      +/- 0.3 mg/mU; P less than 0.0025). Differences in plasma insulin among the three
      groups were not statistically significant. Plasma alanine levels were higher in
      anorectic than in normal or obese subjects, suggesting defective gluconeogenesis.
      Thus, insulin-stimulated glucose disposal is normal in patients with anorexia
      nervosa, a finding that contrasts with the previously reported increase in
      erythrocyte insulin receptors in this disease.

PMID- 3880769
TI  - Immunologic identification of both plasma and human renal inactive renin as
      prorenin.
AB  - Antibodies were raised against a synthetic tetradecapeptide which is a component
      of the non-renin portion (prosegment) of human renin precursor. Inactive renin
      from human kidney and plasma strongly adsorbed to a gel coupled to
      immunoglobulins purified from such an antiserum. These results suggest that renal
      and circulating inactive human renins contain in their structure the prosegment
      of prorenin.

PMID- 3880770
TI  - Effect of estradiol and steroid analogues on the clearance of immunoglobulin G
      coated erythrocytes.
AB  - Although the disproportionate frequency of several immunologic disorders among
      women is well recognized, the effect of sex steroids on immunologic processes is
      unclear. We used an animal model, which has helped to elucidate the effect of
      corticosteroids in vivo, to quantitatively assess the effect of estradiol and
      steroid analogues on the immune clearance of IgG-coated erythrocytes. While
      corticosteroids impaired the clearance of IgG-coated erythrocytes, estradiol, in
      doses comparable to those achieved during pregnancy, significantly enhanced the
      clearance. Estradiol, however, did not enhance the splenic clearance of heat
      altered erythrocytes. Splenic macrophages isolated from estradiol-treated animals
      expressed enhanced receptor affinity for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G
      [Fc(IgG)], an effect probably responsible for the enhanced in vivo clearance. No
      consistent effect of estradiol on the splenic macrophage C3 receptors was
      observed. The synthetic androgen danazol, the mineralocorticoid
      deoxycorticosterone, and the cortisol metabolite tetrahydrocortisone did not
      alter the clearance of IgG-coated cells after 7 d of therapy. The estrogen
      antagonist/agonist tamoxifen enhanced the clearance of IgG-coated cells, but to a
      lesser extent than estradiol. An effect of estrogens on macrophage Fc (IgG)
      receptor-mediated clearance may explain in part the variation in clinical
      expression of several autoimmune disorders during changes in hormonal state, such
      as pregnancy.

PMID- 3880771
TI  - Serum prostacyclin binding defects in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - To understand the pathophysiologic significance of abnormal serum prostacyclin
      (PGI2) binding activities in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), we
      evaluated the PGI2 binding characteristics in three chronic TTP sera and 19
      normal sera. PGI2 binding by serum was rapid and reversible. The binding activity
      in TTP sera (22.1 +/- SD, 4.4%) was significantly lower than that of normal sera
      (42.2 +/- 6.2%). Moreover, the antiaggregating activity and 6-keto-prostaglandin
      F1 alpha (6KPGF1 alpha) content in the gel filtrates representing the binding
      peak was proportionally lower in a TTP serum than normal serum. Although normal
      and TTP sera bound [14C]arachidonate with similar activity, and neither bound
      [3H]6KPGF1 alpha, there was a difference in prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) binding.
      Binding of [3H]PGE1 was subnormal in two TTP sera (W.J. and T.G.) and normal in
      the third (H.S.). Normal serum corrected the binding defects of TTP serum.
      Interestingly, the mixture of two TTP sera (W.J. and H.S.) mutually corrected
      their PGI2 binding defects. In addition, although in vivo plasma transfusions
      improved the PGI2 binding activity of W.J. and H.S., there existed a striking
      difference in the nature of their response. These observations indicate that
      there is at least two types of PGI2 binding defects in TTP. Our data indicate
      that TTP is associated with diminished serum binding of PGI2. This defect may
      reduce the availability of PGI2 to damaged vascular sites and decrease an
      important modulator of platelet thrombus formation at times of severe vascular
      insult.

PMID- 3880772
TI  - Regulation of lipoprotein lipase in primary cultures of isolated human
      adipocytes.
AB  - To study the regulation of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in human
      adipocytes, omental adipose tissue was obtained from healthy subjects and
      digested in collagenase. The isolated adipocytes thus obtained were suspended in
      Medium 199 and cultured at 37 degrees C. Cell viability was demonstrated in
      adipocytes cultured for up to 72 h by constancy of cell number, cell size, trypan
      blue exclusion, and specific 125I-insulin binding. In addition, chloroquine
      induced an increase in cell-associated 125I-insulin at 24, 48, and 72 h after
      preparation. Thus, isolated adipocytes retained their ability to bind,
      internalize, and degrade insulin. LPL was measured as activity secreted into the
      culture medium (CM), released from cells by heparin (HR), and extracted from cell
      digests. A broad range of heparin concentrations produced a prompt release of LPL
      from a rapidly replenishable pool of cellular activity. When cells were cultured
      in medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, there was a marked stimulation of CM
      and HR. The secretory response to serum (CM) correlated strongly with HR 24 h
      after preparation (rs = 0.731, P less than 0.001). In addition, HR was found to
      correlate logarithmically and inversely with body mass index (r = -0.731, P less
      than 0.001). Insulin, at 400 ng/ml only, increased HR by 36 +/- 10%, an effect
      simulated by lower concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1). Thus,
      LPL is produced and regulated in isolated human adipocytes. The degree of
      adiposity and serum are important regulators of HR activity, whereas insulin is
      stimulatory only at a pharmacologic concentration. This effect of insulin may be
      mediated through the IGF1 receptor. Isolated human adipocytes represent a novel
      and useful system for the study of LPL and lipid metabolism as well as for other
      aspects of adipocyte biology.

PMID- 3880773
TI  - Evolution of recurrent herpes simplex lesions. An immunohistologic study.
AB  - We performed immunoperoxidase stains on skin biopsies taken from nine patients
      with recurrent peripheral herpes simplex lesions at 12 h to 6 d after onset of
      signs of symptoms to phenotype the inflammatory infiltrate, to detect cells
      producing interferons alpha and gamma, and to locate herpes simplex virus antigen
      containing cells. Viral glycoprotein antigen was located in the nuclei and
      cytoplasm of necrotic epidermal cells, often within vesicles, in biopsies taken
      between the first and third day. Histologically, biopsies of all stages showed
      intradermal focal perivascular and diffuse mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates.
      The cells constituting the infiltrates were predominantly T lymphocytes with
      lesser numbers of histiocytes; Leu 7+ (most natural killer/killer) cells and B
      cells were rare in the biopsy specimens. Leu 3a+ ("helper") T lymphocytes
      predominated in both subepidermal and perivascular regions of early lesions (12
      24 h). Tissue helper/suppressor ratios ranged from 6.3 to 3.4 compared with 1.9
      1.0 in blood. In later lesions (after 2 d), monocytes/macrophages were more
      prominent in tissue sections and the helper/suppressor ratios (2.3-2.5) more
      nearly approximated those of blood (1.6-2.7). The negative correlation of tissue
      ratios with time was significant (P less than or equal to 0.02). A large
      proportion of the infiltrated T lymphocytes expressed DR antigens. There was also
      diffuse strong DR expression on epidermal cells in five cases (all of two or more
      days). In six biopsies, scattered macrophages and small cells, presumably
      lymphocytes, demonstrated cytoplasmic or membrane staining for a substance which
      copurifies with interferon gamma. We identified such stained cells within
      vessels, suggesting that these cells circulate. Gamma interferon might have an
      important role within the herpetic lesions, possibly inducing macrophage
      activation and cytotoxic T lymphocytes and increasing DR expression on monocyte
      and epidermal cells.

PMID- 3880774
TI  - Abnormalities of myeloid progenitor cells after "successful" bone marrow
      transplantation.
AB  - We studied recovery of peripheral blood- and bone marrow-derived myeloid
      progenitor cells (CFU-G,M) in 29 patients who received bone marrow transplants 2
      mo to 8.5 yr previously. All patients had normal levels of peripheral blood
      neutrophils, normal bone marrow cellularity, and a normal myeloid-erythroid
      ratio. Both peripheral blood- and bone marrow-derived CFU-G,M were markedly
      reduced compared with normal controls and bone marrow donors [5 +/- 1/10(6) vs.
      37 +/- 4/10(6) (P less than 0.001) and 23 +/- 5/2 x 10(5) vs. 170 +/- 21/2 x
      10(5) (P less than 0.001)]. Five patients had no detectable CFU-G,M even when
      10(6) bone marrow cels were plated. These abnormalities of CFU-G,M were unrelated
      to age, sex, diagnosis, conditioning regimen, dose of bone marrow cells
      transplanted, and presence or absence of graft-vs.-host disease. Patients who
      received either autotransplants or transplants from identical twins also had
      decreased or absent CFU-G,M indicating that allogeneic factors and posttransplant
      immune suppressor with methotrexate or corticosteroids were not major
      determinants of this abnormality. Co-culture of normal or donor peripheral blood
      or bone marrow mononuclear cells with recipients peripheral blood or bone marrow
      mononuclear cells, purified T cells, or serum failed to show any evidence of
      active CFU-G,M suppression. Furthermore, the abnormality of CFU-G,M could not be
      corrected by the addition of normal syngeneic (donor) hematopoietic cells or
      serum. Depletion of T-cells from recipient bone marrow by physical techniques
      resulted in marked increase in CFU-G,M (36 +/- 13 vs. 138 +/- 36; P less than
      0.05). The abnormality could be reproduced in vitro by readdition of autologous T
      cells. In contrast to results with T cell depletion by physical techniques, T
      cell depletion with a monoclonal anti-T antibody (B7) and complement had no
      effect. These data indicate that most-transplant recipients have a marked
      abnormality in CFU-G,M when these cells are cultured in vitro. In at least some
      of these patients, the decreased cloning efficiency of CFU-G,M appears to be
      mediated by a suppressive effect of autologous T cells.

PMID- 3880776
TI  - Echocardiographic techniques for assessing normal and abnormal fetal cardiac
      anatomy.
AB  - Diagnostic quality images of the fetal heart in utero can be obtained as early as
      18 to 20 weeks of gestation. The cardiac structures can be imaged primarily by
      cross-sectional echocardiography and augmented by a combination of simultaneous M
      mode echocardiography and range-gated pulsed Doppler ultrasonography. Cross
      sectional images from planes through the fetal heart equivalent to planes that
      can be obtained after birth can be generated in utero. In a study of 168
      pregnancies, 10 structural cardiac abnormalities have been defined. These
      abnormalities and others that have been reported indicate the potential for in
      utero cardiac diagnosis. The recognition of structural congenital heart disease
      in utero has been helpful in genetic counseling, planning the method of labor and
      delivery and making decisions regarding termination of pregnancy and planning
      postnatal care. Fetal echocardiography offers the potential to change the pattern
      of health care delivery to those with suspected congenital heart disease.

PMID- 3880775
TI  - Biochemical and neuropsychological effects of elevated plasma phenylalanine in
      patients with treated phenylketonuria. A model for the study of phenylalanine and
      brain function in man.
AB  - Phenylketonuria provides a human model for the study of the effect of
      phenylalanine on brain function. Although irreversible mental retardation is
      preventable through newborn diagnosis and dietary phenylalanine restriction,
      controversy exists regarding the effects of increased concentrations of
      phenylalanine in older patients. We have studied ten older, treated,
      phenylketonuric patients using a triple-blind, multiple trials, crossover design.
      Each patient was tested at the end of each of three 1-wk periods of high or low
      phenylalanine intakes. Tests included a repeatable battery of neuropsychological
      tests, analysis of plasma amino acids, and measurement of urine amino acids,
      phenyl organic acids, dopamine, and serotonin. In all 10 patients plasma
      phenylalanine rose (900-4,000 microM). In 9 of 10 patients there was an inverse
      relationship between plasma phenylalanine and urine dopamine excretion. When
      blood phenylalanine was elevated, these patients had prolonged performance times
      on neuropsychological tests of higher but not lower integrative function. Urinary
      serotonin fell during phenylalanine loading in six patients. The concentration of
      phenylacids in the urine was not proportional to the plasma phenylalanine at
      concentrations below 1.5 mM. In one patient, neither performance time nor
      dopamine excretion varied as blood phenylalanine rose or fell. We interpret these
      data as follows: blood phenylalanine above 1.3 mM impairs performance on
      neuropsychological tests of higher integrative function, this effect is
      reversible, and one mechanism may involve impaired biogenic amine synthesis.

PMID- 3880777
TI  - Echocardiography in the neonate and young infant.
AB  - The neonate and young child present unique problems in echocardiographic
      diagnosis because of the wide spectrum of possible abnormalities and the tendency
      toward multiple lesions, requiring clear visualization of all great veins and
      arteries as well as intracardiac structures. Performance and interpretation of
      echocardiograms in this age group require an extensive knowledge of the
      pathologic anatomy of congenital heart disease. Recognition of unusual lesions is
      facilitated by displaying the heart in an anatomically familiar (upright) format
      in order to draw from experience in angiography and pathology. The subxiphoid
      (subcostal) transducer position provides a flexible acoustic window for scanning
      the heart and great vessels in a multitude of planes, providing a general
      orientation for each cardiac segment. All other transducer positions are utilized
      to provide specific anatomic information. Although in this age group
      echocardiographic visualization of intracardiac anatomy is superior to other
      techniques, delineation of the great vessels remains its greatest limitation.
      Tortuous vessels may not lie in a single plane and, therefore, cannot always be
      displayed throughout its length by a "slice" technique such as echocardiography.
      In addition, limited focal range of most high frequency transducers is a
      continuing impediment to imaging structures in the posterior and superior
      mediastinum. Echocardiography provides a cost-effective means for identifying the
      neonate with life-threatening cardiovascular disease. It provides a complete and
      definitive anatomic diagnosis, in some cases eliminating the need for further
      procedures, while in others, improving the timing and performance of cardiac
      catheterization. Future studies should investigate the proper utilization of
      echocardiography as adjunct to or replacement of other techniques in the
      management of the young child.

PMID- 3880778
TI  - Echocardiography in assessing cardiac anatomy: summary and discussion.

PMID- 3880779
TI  - Effectiveness of a computer-assisted instruction program for teaching sanitation.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether computer-assisted instruction
      (CAI) is as effective as the lecture method of instruction (LMI) for teaching
      sanitation to hospital foodservice employees. Two dependent variables--gain in
      sanitation knowledge and amount of time required to complete the training
      experience--and three independent variables--treatment, age, and level of
      education--were examined for each treatment group. Attitude toward sanitation
      training and CAI was appraised for the groups prior to training and for the CAI
      group after training. A sanitation knowledge instrument was administered as a pre
      and post-test, and a Likert-type attitude assessment questionnaire was utilized
      to provide an indication of participants' attitude toward sanitation training and
      CAI. Findings indicated that significantly more training time (97 vs. 32 minutes)
      was required by the CAI group than by the LMI group. Participants younger than 25
      attained significantly higher gain scores (X = 11 vs. X = 10) with CAI than with
      LMI. Gain scores for other age categories tended to be higher for individuals
      taught by CAI; however, they were not significantly different from the scores of
      those taught by LMI. CAI group members demonstrated an improved attitude toward
      CAI and sanitation training. It was concluded that the CAI and LMI methods were
      equally effective for teaching sanitation for most of the employees who
      participated in the study.

PMID- 3880780
TI  - The effects of terodiline and meladrazine on severe motor urge incontinence in
      geriatric patients.
AB  - Twenty-five geriatric patients with severe motor urge incontinence were treated
      with terodiline and meladrazine separately and in combination. Because of poor
      general state of health and serious concomitant diseases the frequency of
      dropouts was high. Separate administration of the drugs improved the majority of
      the patients subjectively, but not sufficient for complete continence.
      Urodynamically, however, significant improvement was found only with terodiline.
      On combined administration with both drugs, seven of 15 patients became
      completely continent, seven were improved, and one remained unchanged, but
      additional urodynamic improvement was not demonstrated. Meladrazine caused a high
      incidence of side effects; therefore, treatment with terodiline separately is
      recommended for geriatric patients who have severe motor urge incontinence.

PMID- 3880781
TI  - Treatment of diabetic perforating ulcers (mal perforant) with local
      dimethylsulfoxide.
AB  - Perforating foot ulcers constitute a major problem in diabetics with peripheral
      neuropathy for which no specific therapy is available. Twenty patients with
      chronic, resistant mal perforant were treated by local application of
      dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution. Complete healing of the ulcers was achieved in
      14 patients following 4-15 weeks of daily treatment. Partial resolution was
      observed in another four patients, and in the remaining two there was no effect.
      A control group, equal in number, was treated conventionally. Complete healing of
      the ulcers took place in only two patients. The therapeutic effect of DMSO most
      probably results from an increase in tissue oxygen saturation via a combined
      mechanism of local vasodilatation, decreased thrombocyte aggregation, and
      increased oxygen diffusion. Local DMSO is effective, simple, devoid of systemic
      side effects, and inexpensive. It should be employed for diabetic foot ulcers
      prior to the consideration of surgical measures.

PMID- 3880782
TI  - Geriatrics: a selected up-to-date bibliography.
AB  - This is the second annual revision of the Geriatrics Bibliography. Approximately
      two thirds of the old references have been replaced by more current or more
      detailed articles. The bibliography has been expanded to include several
      additional topics and over 200 new references. Since the literature pertinent to
      geriatrics is growing ever more rapidly, it has been necessary to omit many
      informative articles from the bibliography. Almost all of the references date
      from the past four years. Preference is given to recent publications, since they
      provide a list of the important earlier articles. Some articles were selected to
      highlight current controversies or changes in viewpoint. An occasional review
      article is cited to amplify geriatric aspects of common diseases. Most of the
      references deal specifically with an elderly patient population, studies of
      which, it will be noted, are confounded by questions of "normal" aging as opposed
      to the concomitants of aging frequent in our society: inactivity, obesity,
      malnutrition, and psychosocial trauma. A few articles concern diseases remarkably
      common in the aged but for which no adequate study specifically from a geriatric
      viewpoint exists; e.g., monoclonal gammopathy, Paget's disease, pulmonary emboli.
      The references are divided into categories. The first (I) set deals with some
      possible causes of aging, the second (II) with physiologic decline accompanying
      aging, the third (III) with the atypical and nonspecific characteristics of
      illness among geriatric patients, and the fourth (IV) with non-physician services
      available to the elderly, including ethical quandaries. The remainder of the
      references are cited by pertinent medical specialty. Within each category,
      references are divided by disease process. Articles are further subgrouped by
      aspects of those diseases such as evaluation or therapy.

PMID- 3880785
TI  - Synaptic interactions of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons in
      the guinea pig preoptic area.
AB  - Previous studies from many laboratories have failed to demonstrate a significant
      synaptic input to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons in the
      rodent or primate hypothalamus/preoptic area. Having now developed
      immunocytochemical procedures that result in excellent ultrastructural
      preservation as well as in retention of antigenicity (Silverman AJ: J Comp Neurol
      227:452, 1984), we have reinvestigated the question of the organization of the
      synaptic arrangements of LHRH neurons in the medial preoptic area of the guinea
      pig. Afferent inputs to these LHRH neurons include several varieties of axo
      somatic and axo-dendritic synapses. Presynaptic terminals contain either round
      clear vesicles or a mixture of round and flattened vesicles. Most of these
      terminals, especially when serial sections are examined, contain dense-core
      granules. Well-defined synaptic clefts are evident and postsynaptic densities can
      be identified for asymmetrical connections. However, the presence of reaction
      product in the postsynaptic structure makes it difficult to categorize
      symmetrical terminals. In addition to these classical inputs, LHRH neurons also
      enter into complex heterodox synaptic relationships with their neighbors,
      including somato-dendritic and dendro-dendritic synapses in which the LHRH neuron
      can be either the pre- or postsynaptic element. These results suggest that
      complex synaptic relationships might account for the multiple levels of
      regulation of neurohormone release.

PMID- 3880784
TI  - Binding of Fab-horseradish peroxidase conjugates by charge and not by
      immunospecificity.
AB  - The influence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) charge on Fab-HRP conjugates was
      investigated. Rabbit nonimmune Fab coupled via periodate or glutaraldehyde to
      Sigma HRP type VI (pI greater than 10) were cationic (positively charged) as
      determined by analytical isoelectric focusing. These conjugates and HRP type VI
      alone stippled the basal laminae and collagen fibers in Bruch's membrane of the
      rat eye in a pattern identical to anionic (negative) sites. Binding was not
      present after the anionic sites were removed by enzyme digestion prior to
      immunolabeling or when HRP type VIII (anionic with pI 3.6) was used in an Fab-HRP
      conjugate or in an unbound form. These results indicate that anionic HRPs should
      be used in Fab-HRP preparations if a nonspecific binding to anionic sites is
      possible.

PMID- 3880786
TI  - Heterogeneity and specificity of human anti-insulin antibodies determined by
      isoelectric focusing.
AB  - Anti-insulin antibodies are present in the majority of insulin treated diabetics,
      and in some cases these antibodies have been found to be highly specific for
      limited epitopes on the molecule. To determine how the human response differs
      from that seen in inbred animals, we have examined the heterogeneity and
      specificity of human anti-insulin antibodies by isoelectric focusing (IEF). In
      addition, we have used human insulin to examine the extent of autoreactivity in
      the serum of subjects treated with animal insulins. The majority of diabetic sera
      exhibited complex IEF spectra that were composed of discrete bands and unresolved
      smears. Autoradiography using 125I-beef, pork, and human insulin revealed some
      affinity differences; however, the predominant antibodies were capable of binding
      all insulins, including human. These specificity studies were extended by
      comparing competitive inhibition with excess cold insulins, and sera with highly
      specific binding of the A chain loop of beef insulin were identified. The spectra
      by IEF of these highly specific sera were found to be variable. Our results
      indicate that the majority of insulin-treated diabetics develop a heterogeneous
      antibody response that is more complex than the response of inbred animals and
      includes reactivity with autologous insulin. Although infrequent, individuals
      having antibodies directed at limited regions of the molecule can be identified
      and will provide valuable tools for dissecting this complex response.

PMID- 3880783
TI  - Marginal zone macrophages in the mouse spleen identified by a monoclonal
      antibody. Anatomical correlation with a B cell subpopulation.
AB  - The reactivity of a monoclonal antibody, ER-TR9, that demonstrates heterogeneity
      among mononuclear phagocytes is described. In the spleen, ER-TR9 exclusively
      reacts with a population of macrophages located in the marginal zone. ER-TR9 does
      not react with macrophage antigen 1-positive red pulp macrophages or any other
      types of splenic stromal cells. ER-TR9+ ve cells localize in anatomical proximity
      of a subpopulation of B cells, i.e., B cells that are immunoglobulin M positive
      and weakly positive to negative for immunoglobulin D. The possible significance
      of this particular interaction between both cell types during the immune response
      is discussed.

PMID- 3880788
TI  - Prethymic T cell precursors express receptors for antigen.
AB  - An anti-idiotype serum raised in BALB/c mice against syngeneic lymph node T cells
      from 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-sensitized mice was used to study the early
      expression of antigen receptors on developing T cells. Normal BALB/c bone marrow
      cells were treated with either anti-Thy-1.2 plus complement or anti-Thy-1.2 and
      anti-idiotype plus complement before use in the reconstitution of lethally
      irradiated syngeneic mice. Five weeks after reconstitution, recipient mice were
      assayed for both contact sensitivity (CS) and in vitro proliferative responses to
      DNFB. Mice reconstituted with bone marrow cells treated with both anti-Thy and
      anti-idiotype sera showed a significant decrease in reactivity to DNFB in both
      assay systems when compared with mice reconstituted with marrow treated with anti
      Thy only. CS response to the noncross-reacting hapten oxazolone was identical in
      both recipient groups. Bone marrow mixing experiments showed no evidence of anti
      idiotype-induced suppressor cells in these experiments. These data provide strong
      evidence that at least some T cell precursors express receptors for antigen
      prethymically.

PMID- 3880787
TI  - Effect of antibodies directed against complement receptors on phagocytosis by
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes: use of iodination as a convenient measure of
      phagocytosis.
AB  - Two monoclonal antibodies (Mab), designated 60.3 and 60.1, markedly inhibited the
      phagocytosis of serum-opsonized zymosan by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      (PMN) as measured by the iodination reaction and by microscopic visualization.
      These antibodies also inhibited rosette formation with EC3bi without decreasing
      EC3b rosetting, suggesting that Mab 60.3 and 60.1 inhibit the phagocytosis of
      opsonized zymosan through reaction with the C3bi receptor (CR3) on the leukocyte
      surface. In support of this concept is the finding that the PMN of two patients
      with recurrent infections do not ingest opsonized zymosan, lack C3bi receptor
      function, and react weakly or not at all with Mab 60.3 and 60.1. At
      concentrations which completely inhibited ingestion of opsonized zymosan, both
      Mab partially inhibited iodination with Staphylococcus aureus 502A as the
      particle, and did not affect iodination when Staphylococcus epidermidis was used.
      This presumably reflects a variable need among the opsonized particles for CR3
      for ingestion. Mab 60.3 also inhibited the phagocytosis of certain unopsonized
      particles as measured by iodination, indicating that the antigens recognized by
      the Mab do not influence phagocytosis solely by functioning as a C3bi receptor.
      Mab 60.3 increased the phagocytosis of unopsonized, heat-killed S. aureus by
      reaction with the PMN via its antibody-combining site, and with the
      staphylococcal protein A via its Fc region (reverse opsonization). This process
      required protein A-containing organisms (S. aureus 502A or Cowan 1 but not S.
      aureus Wood 46 or S. epidermidis), was inhibited by purified protein A, and was
      not seen either when the F(ab')2 or Fab fragments of the antibody, or when PMN
      which lack or have low levels of the antigen were employed. Thus, these studies,
      using iodination as a convenient method for the measurement of phagocytosis,
      demonstrated two effects of antibodies directed against PMN cell surface
      components: inhibition of phagocytosis by reaction with the C3bi receptor, and
      stimulation of phagocytosis by reverse opsonization.

PMID- 3880789
TI  - Strain difference in the radiosensitivity of immunocompetent cells and its
      influence on the residual host-vs-graft reaction in lethally irradiated mice
      grafted with semiallogeneic bone marrow.
AB  - A striking difference in radiosensitivity was noted between C3H/He (H-2k) and
      C57BL/6J (H-2b) strain mice when assessed by primary anti-SRBC PFC response of
      intact animals and primary cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) response of spleen
      cells to allogeneic cells in vitro, the C3H strain being more radioresistant. On
      the other hand, when C3H and B6 mice were exposed to 6.62 to 10.40 grays (Gy) of
      x-rays and then were transplanted with 2 X 10(6) bone marrow cells from B6C3F1 (H
      2b/k) donor mice within 3 hr or at 24 hr after radiation exposure, the early
      mortality caused by residual host-vs-graft (HVG) reaction was much higher when
      C3H mice were used as recipients. Furthermore, the proportion of surviving
      animals manifesting host-type lymphohemopoiesis, i.e., host-type revertants, was
      much higher in B6C3F1 to C3H than in B6C3F1 to B6 combination. Spleen cells from
      such host-type revertants manifested strong anti-donor reactivity when assessed
      by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and/or CML in vitro. Increase of radiation
      doses to the recipients to 10.40 Gy resulted in 100% survival and 100% donor-type
      lymphohemopoiesis in both groups of chimeras. These results indicate strongly
      that a genetic difference in radiosensitivity of immune system of the recipients
      can greatly influence the magnitude of residual HVG reactions observed in hybrid
      to parental strain bone marrow transplantation in mice.

PMID- 3880790
TI  - Selective effect of irradiation on responses to thymus-independent antigen.
AB  - Low doses of ionizing radiation have a selective immunosuppressive effect on in
      vivo B cell responses to thymus-independent (TI) antigens. The B cell response,
      assayed as direct anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP)-specific plaque-forming cells (PFC),
      induced by type 2, TI antigens (TNP-Ficoll or TNP-Dextran), was reduced, on the
      average, by 10-fold in animals exposed to 200 rad of ionizing radiation 24 hr
      before antigen challenge. In contrast, PFC responses to type 1, TI antigens (TNP
      lipopolysaccharide or TNP-Brucella abortus) are unaffected in mice exposed to the
      same dose of radiation. Adoptive transfers showed that this selective
      immunosuppression is a result of the specific inactivation of the B cell
      subpopulation responding to type 2, TI antigens. These experiments suggest that
      physiologic differences exist in the B cell subpopulations of normal mice which
      respond to type 1, or type 2, TI antigens.

PMID- 3880793
TI  - Identification of bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus, laminin, and anchoring fibril
      antigens in human fetal skin.
AB  - Human fetal skin was evaluated for sequential and regional development of several
      epidermal antigens. Indirect immunofluorescent methods were used to detect
      laminin, bullous pemphigoid antigen, pemphigus antigen, and anchoring fibril
      antigens identified by monoclonal antibodies AF1 and AF2. Eighty-three human
      fetal skin biopsies from 32 human fetuses were examined. The fetuses examined
      ranged from estimated gestational age (EGA) of 7-38 weeks. Laminin was present in
      the basement membrane zone of all the fetal tissues examined. Bullous pemphigoid
      antigen developed first in the palm and sole, 9 weeks EGA, and was present in all
      other sites by 17 weeks EGA. Pemphigus antigen was present by 11 weeks EGA. AF1
      and AF2 staining was not present until 26 weeks EGA, AF1 and AF2 stained
      epidermal basal cells in addition to the basement membrane zone area. Comparison
      of human fetal skin development with basal cell carcinoma identified similarities
      between basal cell carcinoma and early fetal development.

PMID- 3880791
TI  - Comparison of response to stem cell differentiation signals between normal and
      autoimmune mouse strains.
AB  - Normal DBA/2 and autoimmune NZB mice were studied with regard to signals
      eliciting differentiation and division of bone marrow stem cells. Irradiated (NZB
      X DBA/2)F1 mice were repopulated with various combinations of T-depleted bone
      marrow from NZB and DBA/2 mice. In response to the repopulation signal of
      irradiation, recipients of autoimmune NZB marrow initially demonstrated expansion
      of LY-5+ lymphoid and hemopoietic cells, particularly of the B cell lineage. The
      greater the proportion of NZB marrow, the higher the percentage of lymphoid cells
      observed 2 wk post-repopulation. B cells (ThB-positive cells) were increased in
      disproportionate numbers in recipients of NZB marrow, even those that had
      received as little as 20% NZB bone marrow cells. However, by 2 mo, the initially
      observed increase in lymphoid cells in recipients of NZB marrow was no longer
      observed. Up to 6 mo post-repopulation, cytogenetic analysis revealed that
      irradiated recipients were repopulated in the same proportion of DBA/2: NZB as
      was in the injected marrow. Endogenous colony formation assays indicated that
      recipients of 100% NZB, 80% NZB, and 20% NZB marrow all had greater numbers of
      splenic endogenous colonies than did recipients of DBA/2 marrow alone. These
      studies indicated that autoimmune NZB marrow repopulated irradiated mice in the
      proportion in which it was injected, but there was a disproportionate early
      increase in cells of the B lineage as well as a disproportionate increase in
      splenic colony formation.

PMID- 3880792
TI  - Antibody localization in the glomerular basement membrane may precede in situ
      immune deposit formation in rat glomeruli.
AB  - The administration of cationized antibodies, specific to human serum albumin,
      into the renal artery of rats caused transient presence of IgG in glomeruli by
      immunofluorescence microscopy. Intravenous infusion of appropriate doses of
      antigen after the injection of cationized antibodies resulted in immune deposit
      formation in glomeruli that persisted through 96 hr. By electron microscopy,
      these deposits were located in the subepithelial area. The injection of large
      doses of antigen produced immune deposits which were present in glomeruli for
      only a few hours, presumably due to formation of only small-latticed immune
      complexes. The presented data indicate that cationic antibodies bound to the
      fixed negative charges of the glomerular basement membrane can interact with
      circulating antigen to form immune deposits in glomeruli. This mechanism may be
      important because anionic antigens have been shown to induce the synthesis of
      cationic antibodies.

PMID- 3880795
TI  - Enrichment of murine and human Langerhans cells with solid phase immunoabsorption
      using pan-leukocyte monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Using a solid phase immunoabsorption (panning) technique, we have employed pan
      leukocyte monoclonal antibodies to enrich and deplete murine and human Langerhans
      cells from cell suspensions of normal skin. Langerhans cell-enriched fractions
      contained 80-99% mononuclear cells, almost all of which had the ultrastructural
      features of Langerhans cells. These results are comparable to those achieved by
      panning for human Langerhans cells with anti-Leu-6(T6) antibody. Similarly, less
      than 1% of these cells were detectable in Langerhans cell-depleted fractions and
      such fractions were incapable of stimulating allogeneic lymphocytes in the skin
      cell-lymphocyte reaction. We conclude that panning with pan-leukocyte antibodies
      is an effective means of enriching or depleting Langerhans cells from
      heterogeneous skin cell suspensions and can yield results similar to those
      achieved with more Langerhans cell-specific reagents such as anti-Leu-6(T6).
      These findings are of particular significance to the enrichment and depletion of
      murine Langerhans cells since they express no known correlate of the human Leu
      6(T6) antigen.

PMID- 3880794
TI  - Influence of ultraviolet radiation treatment on the survival of heterotopic skin
      grafts in the mouse.
AB  - Isolated mouse tail skin was UV-irradiated in vitro at a dose of 40 mJ/cm2 from
      both sides to remove the Ia immunogenicity. Immediately after irradiation the
      skin was transplanted onto the flank of allogeneic mice. When there was a total H
      2 difference between donor and recipient, the UV-irradiated skin did not show a
      prolonged survival compared to control grafts. In the case of an I-region
      difference only, i.e., B10.AQR grafts onto B10.T (6R) recipients, a significant
      prolongation of the survival time was observed, whereas 50% of the UV-treated
      grafts were not rejected at all.

PMID- 3880796
TI  - A pool of bullous pemphigoid antigen(s) is intracellular and associated with the
      basal cell cytoskeleton-hemidesmosome complex.
AB  - Bullous pemphigoid (BP) antibodies are known to react with an antigen of the
      basement membrane zone (BMZ) of squamous epithelia and produce, by the indirect
      immunofluorescence technique, linear fluorescence at the BMZ. Direct and indirect
      immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) have demonstrated BP antigen to be within the
      lamina lucida, in close association with the basal cell membrane. Trypsin
      dissociated epidermal basal cells bind BP antibodies in a polar distribution,
      presumably because the BP antigen is restricted to the dermal pole of the basal
      cell membrane. In this study we have utilized newborn BALB/c mouse skin to obtain
      both dissociated basal cells (by trypsinization) and epidermal sheets (by
      dithiothreitol treatment). We show that viable basal cells, which are impermeable
      to IgG molecules, do not react with BP antibodies. When the basal cell plasma
      membrane is disrupted by cytospin centrifugation, air drying, freezing and
      thawing, or hypotonic lysis, or permeated by nonionic detergents (saponin), cells
      become reactive with BP antibodies. Basal cell cytoskeletons, prepared by
      sequential treatment with Triton X-100, deoxyribonuclease, and 2 M NaCl continue
      to react with BP antibodies. Similarly, viable epidermal sheets fail to bind BP
      antibodies. When epidermal sheets are treated with nonionic detergents, water, or
      freezing and thawing prior to incubation with BP antibodies, linear BMZ
      fluorescence is observed. IEM study of saponin-treated basal cells shows the
      immunoreactants to be localized on intracytoplasmic vacuoles which represent
      internalized hemidesmosomes. IEM of permeated epidermal sheets shows the
      immunoreactants as aggregates on the inner surface of the dermal pole of the
      basal cell membrane. These observations suggest that the BP antigen is
      intracellular and is in close association with the basal cell cytoskeleton and
      hemidesmosomes.

PMID- 3880797
TI  - Gastrointestinal carriage of toxigenic bacteria: relation to diarrhea and to
      serum immune response.
AB  - We followed up a cohort of babies from birth to two years by examination of fecal
      samples for heat-labile enterotoxigenic (LT+) bacteria and administration of a
      questionnaire about any episodes of diarrhea each week. We sampled serum at
      birth, every six months, at the beginning of an episode of diarrhea, and two
      weeks later. We tested sera for antibody to cholera toxin. We identified LT+
      bacteria in 16% of fecal samples, LT+ Escherichia coli in 11%. Thirty-four
      episodes of diarrhea occurred within a week of isolation of LT+ bacteria.
      Bacterial species and weeks of exposure to LT+ bacteria correlated with diarrhea.
      Fourfold rises in antibody titer followed 53% of diarrhea episodes caused by LT+
      bacteria. Whether a baby had an immune response was not related to his age,
      duration of diarrhea, cord serum antibody, previous asymptomatic carriage of LT+
      bacteria, or breast-feeding. Second episodes did not boost antibody levels. Rises
      in antibody titers followed diarrhea without the presence of toxin but did not
      follow asymptomatic carriage of LT+ bacteria.

PMID- 3880798
TI  - Identification by DNA hybridization of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in a
      longitudinal study of villages in Thailand.
AB  - Radioactively labeled enterotoxin genes were used to study the epidemiology of
      enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in two Thai villages. When E. coli
      that were isolated from 674 specimens were fixed on nitrocellulose paper and
      examined for hybridization with E. coli enterotoxin gene probes in Bangkok, the
      technique had a sensitivity of 94% (31 of 33) and a specificity of 100% (641 of
      641), when compared with tests of E. coli for enterotoxin production in the Y-1
      adrenal cell and suckling-mouse assays. However, when the same specimens were
      fixed directly onto nitrocellulose paper at a field laboratory and transported to
      the reference laboratory for assay with the gene probes, 27 specimens that
      contained enterotoxigenic E. coli did not hybridize with the E. coli gene probes.
      Enterotoxigenic E. coli that hybridized with the LT, ST-H, and ST-P probes were
      identified in 10% (17 of 177) of villagers with diarrhea, 7% (8 of 108) of
      contacts of individuals with diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli, and 3%
      (32 of 1,199) of persons not associated with cases of diarrhea caused by
      enterotoxigenic E. coli. Enterotoxigenic E. coli that hybridized with the ST-II
      probe was not a cause of diarrhea. Alternative methods of retaining DNA on
      filters under field conditions are needed before this technique can be used for
      direct examination of specimens with enterotoxin gene probes.

PMID- 3880799
TI  - Inhibition of Nocardia asteroides by neutrophils.
AB  - Neutrophils are found in lesions of Nocardia asteroides infection, but
      neutrophils kill few nocardiae in vitro. For determination of neutrophil
      inhibition of nocardiae, neutrophils and nocardiae were incubated together.
      Filament formation and amino acid uptake by nocardiae were inhibited for 7.5 hr.
      Thereafter, nocardiae extended long filaments from within neutrophils to the
      outside and increased their rate of amino acid uptake. Addition of freshly
      isolated neutrophils at 7.5 hr of incubation prolonged the inhibition. Electron
      micrographs revealed that neutrophils phagocytosed nocardiae but that most
      nocardiae did not appear damaged. Formalin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose abrogated the
      inhibition by neutrophils. Lysozyme and granule-cationic proteins inhibited amino
      acid uptake under some conditions. Lactoferrin and lactic acid had no effect, and
      the oxidative metabolic burst was not required. These findings and clinical
      observations suggest that inhibition of N. asteroides by neutrophils may be
      important in vivo.

PMID- 3880800
TI  - HLA-linked control of predisposition to lepromatous leprosy.
AB  - In a study of the relation between HLA and lepromatous leprosy, HLA haplotype
      segregation was analyzed in 28 families with multiple cases of different types of
      leprosy. The inheritance of HLA-DR2, HLA-DR3, and HLA-MT1, which had previously
      been shown to be associated with susceptibility to leprosy or with a leprosy
      type, was analyzed separately. Segregation occurred in a significantly nonrandom
      fashion in both polar tuberculoid leprosy and lepromatous leprosy. This finding
      indicated HLA-encoded control of a predisposition to both of these forms of the
      disease. In both cases the segregation observed among healthy siblings was
      random. Thus, susceptibility to leprosy per se is probably not controlled by HLA
      linked genes. HLA-DR3 was inherited preferentially by children with polar
      tuberculoid leprosy rather than lepromatous disease (P = .02), and HLA-MT1 was
      inherited preferentially by children with lepromatous leprosy (P = .04). The
      results confirmed the association of these genetic markers with leprosy type.

PMID- 3880801
TI  - In vitro generation of procoagulant activity by Corynebacterium parvum-stimulated
      mononuclear leukocytes.
AB  - Thromboembolic complications are known in cancer patients after i.v.
      administration of Corynebacterium parvum. We examined the ability of this
      organism to induce production of procoagulant activity by human blood mononuclear
      leukocytes in vitro. After 4 hours incubation Corynebacterium parvum was an
      effective stimulant for mononuclear leukocytes, behaving in the same way as the
      typical gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, whereas mononuclear cells
      incubated with Staphylococcus aureus were not affected. Corynebacterium parvum
      used was found devoid of endotoxin by the Limulus assay and was not affected by
      Polymyxin B, which, on the contrary, inhibited Escherichia coli-induced
      production of procoagulant activity. Intact Corynebacterium parvum may be
      required for the production of procoagulant activity and, although this specific
      aspect of the research will require further study, from the exposed data it is
      concluded that such a production could be a factor contributing to the
      pathogenesis of the coagulopathy following Corynebacterium parvum therapy.

PMID- 3880802
TI  - Modulation of endotoxin-induced neutrophil alveolitis by captopril and by
      hyperoxia.
AB  - We compared survival and the intensity of bronchoalveolar inflammation reflected
      by lung lavage after the intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin from Escherichia
      coli serotype 055B5 in rats breathing air and those breathing 60% oxygen for six
      days after endotoxin injection. Survival following 7.5 mg/kg of endotoxin was
      comparable in air-breathing rats (50%) and in oxygen-breathing rats (63%).
      Endotoxin caused a dose-dependent increase in the recovery of polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes from the lung. Oxygen breathing reduced the percentage of neutrophils
      recovered by lavage 24 hr after endotoxin from 17% to 9% after 2.5 mg/kg of
      endotoxin and from 34% to 12% after 7.5 mg/kg of endotoxin. The absolute number
      of neutrophils recovered was also significantly decreased in oxygen-breathing
      rats. The activity of pulmonary angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has been
      reported to be affected by oxygen tension, and ACE degrades bradykinin, a
      proinflammatory mediator. Therefore, we questioned whether the salutary effect of
      increased inspired oxygen tension on the magnitude of neutrophil influx into the
      airspaces could be related to changes in ACE activity. We found that after 48 hr
      of peroral pretreatment of the rats with captopril, a specific ACE inhibitor,
      there was increased recovery of neutrophils by lavage 24 hr after injection of
      endotoxin in air-breathing rats. Captopril pretreatment also increased the
      chemotactic activity of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). There was no
      concomitant alteration in the accumulation of 125I albumin in the lung following
      captopril pretreatment either in endotoxin-treated rats or in controls. Thus,
      breathing 60% oxygen decreased the accumulation of neotrophils in airspaces after
      intraperitoneal endotoxin injection and pharmacologic inhibition of ACE had the
      opposite effect. Alterations in the activity of pulmonary angiotensin-converting
      enzyme related to alveolar oxygen tension is a potential speculative mechanism
      for modulation of alveolar inflammation by the inspired oxygen concentration in
      this model.

PMID- 3880803
TI  - Diagnosis of Candida vaginitis.

PMID- 3880804
TI  - Soluble and particulate forms of rat catechol-O-methyltransferase distinguished
      by gel electrophoresis and immune fixation.
AB  - Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) was visualized in homogenates and subcellular
      fractions of rat tissues, including liver and brain, by gel electrophoresis,
      electrophoretic transfer of proteins to nitrocellulose (Western blotting), and
      immune fixation with antiserum to highly purified soluble rat liver COMT. Sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of all tissue
      homogenates examined revealed three major immune-specific proteins with apparent
      molecular weights 23,000, 26,000, and 66,000 (23K, 26K and 66K). Centrifugation
      of homogenates at 100,000 X g for 60 min resulted in the enrichment of the 26K
      species protein in the pellet whereas the 23K and 66K proteins were the
      predominant forms in the supernatant. The 66K protein appeared in variable
      amounts depending on the tissue being examined and the length of transfer of
      protein and is assumed to be an "aggregate" of the smaller form(s). The 26K
      protein was essentially the only immunoreactive species seen in a purified
      preparation of rat liver outer mitochondrial membrane. Isoelectric focusing (IEF)
      under denaturing conditions and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of brain and
      liver fractions showed that the 23K protein was resolved into three bands of pI
      5.1, 5.2, and 5.3, whereas the 26K protein had a pI of 6.2. Analysis of COMT
      activity in slices from nondenaturing IEF gels indicated that the pI 5.1-5.3
      species are biologically active; the pI 6.2 species could not be detected under
      these conditions. COMT activity was demonstrated, however, in outer mitochondrial
      membranes from rat liver, which contain predominantly the 26K, pI 6.2
      immunoreactive species. The major form of COMT in all rat tissues examined is
      "soluble" with an apparent Mr of 23K and a pI of 5.2. The nature of the
      modifications giving rise to pI 5.1 and 5.3 forms of this enzyme are not clear,
      nor is the relationship between the 23K and 26K forms. Further studies are needed
      to elucidate the relationship of immunoreactive forms of COMT to each other,
      their intracellular location, and their functional significance.

PMID- 3880805
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the human glial fibrillary acidic protein
      using a mouse monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been developed for the
      quantification of soluble human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The
      specificity of the assays for GFAP is ensured by the use of a monoclonal antibody
      directed against a GFAP-specific antigenic determinant. One ELISA is a four-layer
      system working in the concentration range 5-600 ng GFAP/ml. The other ELISA is a
      five-layer system and includes a biotin/avidin binding reaction. The latter assay
      has a working range of 0.5-60 ng GFAP/ml. The assays may be used for
      quantification of GFAP in CSFs, amniotic fluids, and extracts or homogenates of
      normal and pathological brain material. GFAP in serum could not be quantified
      because of unidentified interference. CSFs from 18 nonneurological subjects were
      found to contain 2-14 ng GFAP/ml (mean 4.1 ng/ml), whereas amniotic fluids from
      50 normal pregnant women contained up to 24 ng GFAP/ml (mean 12.4 ng/ml). GFAP
      concentrations in CSFs from 32 multiple sclerosis patients were found not to be
      elevated compared to the control group.

PMID- 3880807
TI  - True renin in human pituitary tissue.
AB  - Readily detectable levels of renin activity were demonstrated in human pituitary
      tissues. This activity was inhibited by specific antibody raised against human
      renal renin, indicating that it was not due to the nonspecific action of
      proteases. It shared some biochemical features with well-known kidney renin, such
      as molecular weight, optimum pH, and the presence of trypsin-activatable inactive
      renin. These results suggest that true renin exists in human pituitary tissue.

PMID- 3880806
TI  - Immunochemical characterization of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in rat brain.
AB  - Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) in rat brain was studied immunochemically,
      using antibodies against the bovine kidney PDHC, by immunoblotting,
      immunoprecipitation, inhibition of enzyme activity, and enzyme-linked
      immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). The immunoblots showed that the antibodies bound
      strongly to the alpha peptide of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) component, and
      to the dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (E2) and the dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3)
      components of PDHC. A similar immunoblotting pattern was observed in all eight
      brain regions examined. On immunoblotting of the subcellular fractions, these
      PDHC peptides were observed in mitochondria and synaptosomes but not in the
      postmitochondrial supernatants. This agrees with other evidence that brain PDHC
      is localized in the mitochondria. These results, together with those from sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the immunoprecipitin, also
      showed that the alpha E1, beta E1, and E3 peptides of rat brain PDHC are very
      similar in sizes to those of the bovine kidney PDHC, being 42, 36, and 58 kD,
      respectively. The size of the E2 peptide, 66 kD, is different from that of bovine
      kidney E2, 73 kD. The relative abundance of PDHC protein in nonsynaptic
      mitochondria was compared by enzyme activity titration and ELISA. Both methods
      demonstrated that the amount of PDHC antigen in the mitochondria from cerebral
      cortex is greater than that in the olfactory bulb mitochondria. This is
      consistent with the results of the activity measurement. The ELISA also showed
      that the PDHCs in both mitochondrial populations are antigenically
      similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3880808
TI  - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
AB  - The historical aspects of spongiform encephalopathies, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
      (CJD) and kuru of man, as well as scrapie and transmissible mink encephalopathy,
      are outlined. Transmissions of these diseases to animal hosts are presented, with
      emphasis on CJD transmissions to guinea pigs, hamsters, and mice. The
      relationship of CJD to scrapie with reference to the pathological findings is
      discussed. In CJD the incubation period is cut in half in guinea pigs and
      hamsters in the second passage. The spongiform changes occurring in the neuropil
      are reviewed. These changes are related to the type of inoculum, e.g., there is
      more vacuolization after inoculation with brain, and less after inoculation with
      spleen. Spongiform changes are also dependent upon the route of inoculation;
      these are more severe in intracerebral inoculation compared to intraperitoneal
      inoculation. Viremia is present. Maternal transmission and lateral transmission
      are absent. No virus-like particles are detected, and no other organisms are
      visible by electron microscopy. Isolations of the causative agent and strains of
      the agent in spongiform encephalopathies remain elusive. The hypotheses
      concerning the nature of the agent are critically reviewed. Novel data on the
      production of tumors derived from CJD brains are presented. Tissue culture cells
      arising from such brains become permanent lines and are similar to neoplastic
      lines. When such CJD lines are injected subcutaneously into nude mice, malignant
      neoplasms are formed. No evidence of an infectious etiology in Alzheimer's
      disease exists. Reported similarities between this disease and CJD are reviewed.
      Animal models of CJD are useful for the investigation of dementias.

PMID- 3880809
TI  - Secondary malignancies of the penis and epididymis: a case report and review of
      the literature.
AB  - A patient with carcinoma of the colon developed metastases to the penis and right
      epididymis. These two organs are rare locations for metastases and the concurrent
      involvement of both sites has not been previously described. Our patient and the
      results of a literature review are presented. Two hundred eighteen cases of
      penile and 37 separate cases of epididymal metastases were identified. The
      genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts were the predominant sites of the
      primary malignancies. Presenting symptoms, the interval between diagnoses of the
      primary and metastatic lesions, and the therapy of the penile/epididymal deposits
      varied greatly. Surgical excision is the major mode of therapy; radiotherapy,
      chemotherapy, or hormonal therapy may be beneficial in selected cases. Survival
      among these patients is poor due to the presence in most patients of widespread
      metastases in addition to their genital lesions. However, instances of prolonged
      survival are noted in both groups. Patient characteristics and possible
      mechanisms of metastatic spread to the genitals are discussed.

PMID- 3880810
TI  - Chemotherapy for metastatic non-small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma: EST 2575,
      generation V--a randomized comparison of four cisplatin-containing regimens.
AB  - Between December 1979, and October 1981, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
      (ECOG) compared four cisplatin-containing regimens in the treatment of patients
      with metastatic non-small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma (NSCBC). CBP
      (cyclophosphamide, bleomycin, and cisplatin) and AFP (doxorubicin, 5
      fluorouracil, and cisplatin) had shown activity in generation II of this study
      (EST 2575). These were compared to MVP (mitomycin C, vinblastine, and cisplatin)
      and CAP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin) which were reported
      efficacious in single institution studies. A total of 479 previously untreated
      patients with metastatic NSCBC (ECOG performance status 0, 1, or 2) were entered,
      and of these, 432 (90%) were evaluable. Although MVP resulted in a higher
      response rate (5 complete responses [CRs], 22 partial responses [PRs], 26%
      overall) than CBP (4 CRs, 18 PRs, 20% overall), AFP (0 CRs, 18 PRs, 17% overall),
      or CAP (1 CR, 23 PRs, 23% overall), the difference was not significant. Survival
      by treatment did not differ significantly. There were 45 life-threatening and six
      lethal complications of therapy. Although each of the above regimens offers a
      modest chance of inducing greater than 50% tumor shrinkage (17% to 26%, 21%
      overall) the effect that these responses have an overall median survival (21.6 to
      23.7 weeks, 22.9 weeks overall) is unclear.

PMID- 3880811
TI  - Inhibition of choline acetyltransferase by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Four monoclonal antibodies were obtained to rat brain choline acetyltransferase
      (CAT). The enzyme was purified 95,000-fold from rat brain by precipitation with
      acetic acid at pH 4.5, fractionation with 40 to 60% (NH4)2SO4, CM-Sephadex
      chromatography, and affinity column chromatography on agarose-hexane-coenzyme A.
      The enzyme preparation was applied to the affinity column in the presence of 10
      mM acetylcholine to increase the affinity of CAT for coenzyme A; the enzyme then
      was eluted with 10 mM acetyl coenzyme A. Fusion of P3X63 Ag8 myeloma cells with
      spleen cells isolated from a BALB/c mouse that had been immunized with affinity
      purified CAT with a specific activity of 29.4 mumol of ACh synthesized/min/mg of
      protein resulted in the isolation of four hybridomas synthesizing antibodies to
      CAT that inhibit the activity of the enzyme. Anti-CAT 1 or 2 inhibits CAT
      activity 100%. At the highest antibody concentration tested, anti-CAT 3 inhibited
      acetylcholine synthesis 80%. Hybridoma antibody-dependent inhibition of CAT
      activity was reversed by dissociation of immune complexes via dilution,
      demonstrating that antibody binding does not irreversibly alter the structure of
      the enzyme. When bound to [rabbit anti-mouse IgG . protein A Staphylococcus
      aureus] complexes, anti-CAT 1, 3, and 4 each were effective reagents for the
      precipitation of CAT activity from solution. Thirty-one to 53% of the
      precipitated enzyme was recovered following the dissociation of immune complexes.
      Anti-CAT 1, 2, and 3 inhibit CAT from 18-day chick embryo brain, NS20-Y mouse
      neuroblastoma cells, and rat brain.

PMID- 3880812
TI  - Distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive cell bodies and processes in the
      abdominal ganglion of mature Aplysia.
AB  - Sensitization of the gill withdrawal reflex in Aplysia californica is an
      elementary form of learning, in part resulting from presynaptic facilitation of
      the LE mechanoreceptor neurons of the abdominal ganglion. It has previously been
      established that either application of serotonin or direct stimulation of a group
      of facilitatory neurons, the L29 cells of the abdominal ganglion, can simulate
      the effect of physiological stimulation in producing presynaptic facilitation.
      Because the evidence that serotonin serves as a facilitatory transmitter was
      indirect, we examined the distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive fibers and
      cell bodies in the abdominal ganglion in order to answer two questions: (1) do
      the sensory neurons receive serotonergic innervation and (2) are the L29 cells
      serotonergic? We observed two distinctive patterns of serotonergic innervation
      within the ganglion, sparse and dense. The sparse pattern is correlated with a
      serotonin-stimulated increase in cAMP in identified target cells, while the dense
      innervation is not. We found a sparse distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive
      fibers with varicosities close to both cell bodies and processes of identified LE
      sensory cells. It therefore is likely that the sensory neurons do receive
      serotonergic innervation. We also mapped the population of serotonergic neuronal
      cell bodies in the ganglion, and found five clusters of neurons. Cells in one of
      these clusters, the identified RB neurons, had previously been shown to
      synthesize serotonin from tryptophan and to contain the neurotransmitter in high
      concentration. Identified L29 facilitator cells marked by injection with Lucifer
      Yellow do not contain serotonin immunoreactivity and therefore evidently are not
      a source of serotonergic input onto sensory cells.

PMID- 3880813
TI  - Neurophysin in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. I. Production and
      characterization of monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Seven mouse monoclonal antibodies (IgGs) were produced against rat neurophysins
      (NPs). Three were specifically directed against vasopressin-associated NP (NP
      AVP), and four were specific for oxytocin-associated NP (NP-OT). These
      specificities were observed in liquid phase assays, immunoblot, and
      immunoprecipitation experiments. Homozygous Brattleboro rat tissues and extracts,
      which do not contain vasopressin or NP-AVP, did not react with the anti-NP-AVP
      antibodies but reacted with high affinity to the anti-NP-OT antibodies. In
      immunoprecipitation assays the antibodies brought down the appropriate NPs as
      well as their precursor molecules synthesized in vivo with no detectable cross
      reactivity. In solid phase assays where the antigens were presented in a
      different manner, there was a significant cross-reactivity of the anti-NP-AVP
      antibodies with NP-OT. The extent of this cross-reactivity in solid phase
      correlated with the cross-reactivities of the antibodies observed in
      immunocytochemical studies. These solid phase (and immunocytochemical) data
      demonstrated that liquid phase specificities and absorption controls of
      antibodies are inadequate to assess their immunocytochemical (solid phase)
      specificities. Posterior pituitary extracts from the mouse and frog, as well as
      purified NPs from the rat, cow, and human were studied for their cross
      reactivities to two of the antibodies, PS 36 and PS 45. In liquid phase assays
      the anti-rat NP-OT antibody, PS 36, reacted only with rat and mouse NPs and did
      not cross-react with NPs from any of the other species. In contrast, the anti-rat
      NP-AVP antibody, PS 45, was cross-reactive across species lines including an NP
      like antigen extracted from frog posterior pituitaries. Immunoblot staining with
      these antibodies showed heterogeneity of NP-AVP and NP-OT in the rat posterior
      pituitary. Analysis of the epitopes for PS 36 and PS 45 indicated the antigenic
      determinants were located near amino acid positions 80 to 81 in NP-OT and 75 to
      86 in NP-AVP, respectively.

PMID- 3880814
TI  - Neurophysin in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. II. Immunocytochemical
      studies of the ontogeny of oxytocinergic and vasopressinergic neurons.
AB  - Two anti-neurophysin monoclonal antibodies (MABs), PS 36 and PS 41, described in
      the preceding paper (Ben-Barak, Y, J.T. Russell, M.H. Whitnall, K. Ozato, and H.
      Gainer (1985) J. Neurosci. 5:000-000), allowed us to specifically stain for
      oxytocin-associated neurophysin (NP-OT) or vasopressin-associated neurophysin (NP
      AVP) in the hypothalamus of developing rats. Staining with these MABs specific
      for NP-OT or NP-AVP showed that both types of neurophysin appeared in cells in
      the developing hypothalamus as early as embryonic day (E16) and continued to
      increase in immunoreactivity throughout fetal life. The literature indicated that
      oxytocin appears in the system between E20 and E22, much later than vasopressin
      (E16 to E17), which we confirmed in immunocytochemical experiments using affinity
      purified antisera to these hormones. Since the MABs recognize the specific
      prohormones as well as the specific mature neurophysins (Ben-Barak, Y., J. T.
      Russell, M.H. Whitnall, K. Ozato, and H. Gainer (1985) J. Neurosci. 5: 81-97), we
      conclude that there is a developmental delay between the synthesis of the
      oxytocin prohormone (pro-oxyphysin) and its processing to form oxytocin and NP
      OT. The delay in prohormone processing in the oxytocin cells was correlated with
      a delay in immunocytochemically detectable neurites as compared to the
      vasopressin cells. This reduced level of axonal and dendritic immunoreactivity
      was still obvious in the oxytocin cells at 9 days after birth. In contrast, the
      clustering of cells to form adult-like hypothalamic nuclei appeared to follow
      similar time courses for the two types of cells. Adult-like distributions of
      cells staining for NP-OT and NP-AVP were already apparent in the supraoptic and
      paraventricular nuclei by E17.

PMID- 3880815
TI  - Use of oral phosphate to enhance visualization of enlarged parathyroids on
      scanning.

PMID- 3880816
TI  - Mechanism of gallium-67 accumulation in inflammatory lesions.
AB  - Multiple factors contribute to the accumulation and retention of gallium-67 in
      inflammatory lesions. Adequate blood supply is essential. Gallium-67, mainly in
      the form of transferrin-Ga-67 complex, is delivered to the inflammatory lesions
      through capillaries with increased permeability. At the site of inflammation,
      some Ga-67 is taken up by leukocytes and bacteria when they are present. In
      addition, Ga-67 may also bind to lactoferrin and bacterial siderophores. Multiple
      contributing factors often coexist at any given inflammatory lesion. The nature
      and intensity of the inflammation affects the relative contribution of these
      factors. Thus, there may be situations in which all the contributing factors are
      present, but in such a low intensity that they escape clinical detection by Ga-67
      scans. On the other hand, there may be situations in which one or more
      contributing factors are missing, such as in patients with agranulocytosis, while
      they are readily detected by Ga-67 scans.

PMID- 3880817
TI  - New perspectives in localizing enlarged parathyroids by technetium-thallium
      subtraction scan.

PMID- 3880818
TI  - Recollections of a career in nutrition.

PMID- 3880819
TI  - Prospective controlled evaluation of auditory function in neonates given
      netilmicin or amikacin.
AB  - Longitudinal assessment of intensive care nursery infants given aminoglycoside
      antibiotics revealed no significant difference in the incidence of hearing
      impairment when compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Bilateral
      sensorineural impairment was confirmed in three (2%) infants, one each given
      netilmicin and amikacin and one untreated control infant. There was a high
      incidence of transient auditory abnormalities in this intensive care infant
      population. These findings emphasize the importance of long-term follow-up
      hearing evaluations in infants who require intensive care management in the
      neonatal period.

PMID- 3880820
TI  - Use of cyclosporine in pediatric renal transplant recipients.
AB  - Cyclosporine and prednisone were used in combination to produce immunosuppression
      in 18 pediatric recipients of renal allografts. Ten children received cadaveric
      kidneys and eight received kidneys from living related donors. With a mean follow
      up of 16.5 months (range 7 to 33 months), the patient survival rate is 100% (18
      of 18) and the graft survival rate is 83% (15 of 18). Two grafts were lost for
      nonimmunologic reasons. Currently the group mean (+/- SE) serum creatinine
      concentration is 1.22 +/- 0.11 mg/dl and creatinine clearance is 69.3 +/- 4.79
      ml/min/1.73 m2. Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity has not caused irreversible allograft
      injury nor led to graft loss in this population. The incidence of treated
      rejection episodes has been 39% (seven of 18). Only 39% (seven of 18) of children
      have required hospital readmissions since the initial transplant discharge. There
      have been no opportunistic infections. In the 15 children with functioning
      grafts, some linear growth has occurred in 10 of 11 prepubertal and two of four
      postpubertal patients. Cyclosporine and prednisone have constituted a safe,
      efficacious immunosuppressive regimen for pediatric renal allograft recipients.
      Longer follow-up will be necessary to confirm whether these advantages persist
      beyond 2 years.

PMID- 3880821
TI  - Congenital Na+ diarrhea: a new type of secretory diarrhea.
AB  - We report a new type of congenital "secretory diarrhea" in a 9-year-old girl that
      led to contraction and severe metabolic acidosis in the first weeks of life. Her
      fecal Na+ concentration was high and the pH alkaline. All known causes of
      secretory diarrhea were excluded. Our findings indicate a defect in the handling
      of Na+ and H+ in the distal ileum and colon. Treatment with orally administered
      Na-K-citrate supplementation has normalized her fluid and electrolyte status and
      allowed normal growth and psychomotor development, but the diarrhea has
      persisted.

PMID- 3880822
TI  - Relationship of prospective diabetes control in pregnancy to neonatal
      cardiorespiratory function.
AB  - We evaluated two groups of diabetic women in pregnancy who differed primarily in
      the time of initiation of careful diabetes management. Group A (early) were
      entered in the first trimester (n = 35); group B (late) were entered in the late
      second or early third trimester (n = 28). Normal women delivering at the same
      period were used as controls (n = 23). All infants were evaluated by a thorough
      clinical and echocardiographic examination between 24 and 72 hours of life. Both
      groups of infants of diabetic mothers had mild increase in mean thickness of
      ventricular and septal walls compared with those of normal newborn infants, and
      both had a significant percentage with septal hypertrophy (43% vs 39%). None of
      the infants in the early group had respiratory symptoms requiring oxygen therapy,
      compared with 19% in the late group. The early group had significantly fewer
      infants with elevated right ventricular systolic time interval ratios than did
      the late group (20% vs 50%); none of the normal infants had elevated ratios. We
      conclude that careful management of diabetes in pregnancy reduces the severity of
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, although no advantage of early vs late management
      was obvious. Early management does significantly reduce the number of infants of
      diabetic mothers who develop respiratory symptoms requiring oxygen therapy.

PMID- 3880823
TI  - Effect of a body burn on the lung response to endotoxin.
AB  - Our purpose was, in general, to determine the effect of a body burn on the
      pulmonary response to endotoxemia and, specifically, to determine whether
      increased thromboxane (TxA2) production by the burn wound was responsible for the
      accentuated lung injury. Thirty-two unanesthetized sheep with lung and soft
      tissue lymph fistulae were studied. Twelve sheep were given a sublethal dose of
      intravenous E. coli endotoxin (2 micrograms/kg). A characteristic two-phase
      injury was noted as evidenced by early pulmonary hypertension and hypoxia and
      later increased lung permeability. TxA2 was significantly increased in lung lymph
      as well as aortic plasma relative to venous plasma, indicating the lung to be the
      source. Twelve of 12 sheep survived. Five of 13 sheep died from endotoxemia when
      given 3-5 days after a 25% total body surface (TBS) burn and five of seven died
      with endotoxin (2 micrograms/kg) and a 50% burn. Physiologic parameters were at
      preburn levels before endotoxin. Animals died both during the early phase from
      hypoxia and the later phase due, in large part, to increasing pulmonary
      dysfunction. Absolute levels of TxA2 were not increased in the postburn animals,
      nor was there a clear release of TxA2 from burn tissue to explain the accentuated
      response. Prostacyclin levels were, however, less elevated in postburn animals in
      response to endotoxin, thereby altering the TxA2/PGI2 ratio in favor of TxA2.
      However, a cause and effect relationship between the increased lung injury and
      TxA2 remains undetermined. Lymph flow or lymph protein content was not altered in
      burn tissue in response to endotoxin.

PMID- 3880824
TI  - Positive pressure respirations and pneumatic antishock garment application-
      hemodynamic response.
AB  - Pneumatic antishock garment (PASG) application has been recommended for treatment
      of hypovolemic hypotension and intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal hemorrhage.
      Often these patients require positive pressure respiration (PPR). This study
      measured the hemodynamic response of low pressure PASG application, with and
      without PPR, in normovolemic man and the effects of PASG application on serum
      lactate. Ten patients after coronary artery bypass surgery were studied with PPR
      and PASG application (3 to 20 hours post-surgery), and PASG alone (24 to 30 hours
      post-surgery). PASG pressures of 0,5,10,20, and 0 mm Hg were applied for 10
      minutes each after which LAP, PCWP, CVP, mean arterial pressure, heart rate,
      cardiac index, and serum lactate level were measured. PASG application produced
      significant elevations in right and left ventricular filling pressures. The left
      ventricular filling pressure response was significantly less with positive
      pressure respiration. The CVP and LAP increase did not result in a greater
      cardiac index. Serum lactate levels rose slightly during PASG application. Low
      pressure PASG application results in an 'autotransfusion' effect which is greater
      without PPR.

PMID- 3880825
TI  - Assembly-controlled autogenous modulation of bacteriophage P22 scaffolding
      protein gene expression.
AB  - In the assembly of bacteriophage P22, precursor particles containing two major
      proteins, the gene 5 coat protein and the gene 8 scaffolding protein, package the
      DNA molecule. During the encapsidation reaction all of the scaffolding protein
      molecules are released intact and subsequently participate in further rounds of
      DNA encapsidation. We have previously shown that even though it lies in the
      center of the late region of the genetic map, the scaffolding protein gene is not
      always expressed coordinately with the remainder of the late proteins and that
      some feature of the phage assembly process affects its expression. We present
      here in vivo experiments which show that there is an inverse correlation between
      the amount of unassembled scaffolding protein and the rate of scaffolding protein
      synthesis and that long amber fragments of the scaffolding protein can turn down
      the synthesis of intact scaffolding protein in trans. These results support a
      model for scaffolding protein regulation in which the feature of the assembly
      process which modulates the rate of scaffolding protein synthesis is the amount
      of unassembled scaffolding protein itself.

PMID- 3880827
TI  - Inflammatory aneurysms of the aorta.
AB  - This report concerns 30 patients with the acute form of "inflammatory aneurysm"
      of the aorta treated during a 27-year period between April 1957 and March 1984.
      There were 28 men and two women whose ages ranged from 46 to 78 years (most over
      60 years). All were heavy smokers. The aneurysmal disease was located below the
      renal arteries and the inflammatory changes were limited to the abdomen in 24
      patients; one patient had a ruptured aneurysm. The aneurysm involved the entire
      abdominal aorta in one, the descending thoracic and infrarenal abdominal aorta in
      two, and the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta in continuity in three
      patients. The inflammatory changes occurred grossly and microscopically in both
      abdominal and thoracic aortic segments in five of the latter six patients. The
      changes were manifested by anterior and lateral mural inflammatory thickening
      contiguous with similar changes of the retroperitoneum and mediastinum that
      produced varying degrees of ureteral obstruction in seven patients. Most had
      abdominal, back, or flank pain and abdominal tenderness, suggesting rupture or
      leakage. Emergency exploratory operation had been performed elsewhere in 10
      patients. Operation was abandoned because of exposure difficulties, bowel
      perforation, or visceral arterial involvement. Diagnosis was suggested by CT scan
      in 10, ultrasonography in one, and excretory urograms in seven patients.
      Treatment consisted of thoracoabdominal aortic replacement in six and infrarenal
      aortic replacement in 24. The aorta was clamped at the diaphragm in most of the
      latter cases to avoid injury to adjacent structures. Nephrectomy or ureterolysis
      was rarely necessary. Of these 30 patients, 29 were early (30 day) survivors and
      ureteral obstruction spontaneously subsided in most cases without special
      treatment. There was one late death at 2 months and eight deaths from 3 to 13
      years; 20 (67%) patients are still alive.

PMID- 3880826
TI  - Posttranscriptional modulation of bacteriophage P22 scaffolding protein gene
      expression.
AB  - The bacteriophage P22 late operon contains 2 genes whose products are required
      for cell lysis and 13 genes whose products are involved in the morphogenesis of
      the phage particle. This operon is under the positive control of the phage gene
      23 product and is thought to have a single promoter. The expression of one of
      these late genes, the scaffolding protein gene, is autogenously modulated
      independently from the remainder of the late genes. When unassembled, scaffolding
      protein turns down the rate of synthesis of additional scaffolding protein, and
      when it is assembled into phage precursor structures, it does not. Experiments
      presented here show (i) that the mRNA from the scaffolding protein gene is
      functionally threefold more stable when most of the scaffolding protein is
      assembled than when it is unassembled and (ii) that no new promoter near the
      scaffolding protein gene is activated at the high level of synthesis. These data
      support the model that this autogenous modulation occurs at a posttranscriptional
      level. We also observed that another message, that of coat protein, appears to
      become increasingly stable with time after phage infection.

PMID- 3880828
TI  - Lessons learned in adopting the in situ saphenous vein bypass.
AB  - A 3-year experience with in situ saphenous vein bypasses was analyzed to evaluate
      the suitability of the conduit, the effect on vein utilization rate, the ease of
      valve ablation, the incidence of persistent arteriovenous (AV) fistula, the
      duration of the operation, and the nature of the learning curve to become adept
      at this technique. From 1981 through 1983, 74 patients underwent 55 femoral
      tibial and 23 femoral-popliteal in situ saphenous vein bypasses. The operative
      indications were threatened limb loss in 76 (97%) and disabling claudication in 2
      (3%); 35 of 74 patients (48%) were diabetic. In the last year pulsed Doppler
      spectrum analysis was added to arteriography for intraoperative graft assessment.
      For 55 femoral-tibial grafts measured by life-table patency rates at 30 days,
      only one femoral-popliteal graft failed (1 1/2 years). Complete vein utilization
      was accomplished in 91% of the bypasses attempted. In 41 of the 78 (51%) grafts,
      vein diameter was 3.5 mm or less. Operative time decreased with experience.
      Pulsed Doppler spectral analysis has proved useful for intraoperative graft
      evaluation. The in situ saphenous vein has become the conduit of choice for
      infrageniculate bypass.

PMID- 3880829
TI  - The role of carotid duplex scanning in surgical decision making.
AB  - Eighty-one patients suspected of having cerebrovascular disease had 157 carotid
      arterial systems studied by both duplex ultrasonography and contrast
      arteriography to better define the role of carotid duplex scanning in the
      surgical decision-making process. These studies were reviewed in a blinded
      fashion in conjunction with history and physical examination data by two
      surgeons, one operating on only symptomatic lesions, the other operating on both
      symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions. Results were analyzed to ascertain if there
      was agreement regarding decisions for carotid endarterectomy based on scan
      findings compared with decisions based on arteriographic findings. Scans were
      also compared with arteriograms and data were analyzed by decision matrix
      analysis. The accuracy of duplex scanning in relation to arteriography was 81%
      for detection of disease, 90% for the detection of ulceration, 83% for the
      detection of a critical stenosis, and 99% for the detection of total arterial
      occlusion. There was agreement between the two studies regarding the need for
      carotid surgery in 91% and 89% of carotid arteries, according to surgeons A and
      B, respectively. Regardless of the surgeons' indications for carotid
      endarterectomy, duplex ultrasonography provides sufficient information for proper
      surgical decision making in a high percentage of patients. The accuracy of duplex
      scanning and the risks of contrast arteriography suggest a possible future role
      for the routine use of duplex ultrasonography with selective utilization of
      arteriography in the surgical decision-making process in patients being evaluated
      for cerebrovascular occlusive disease.

PMID- 3880830
TI  - Direct revascularization for occlusion of the trunks of the aortic arch.

PMID- 3880831
TI  - Extra-anatomic bypass for revascularization of occlusive lesions involving the
      branches of the aortic arch.

PMID- 3880832
TI  - Ultrasound characteristics of recurrent carotid disease: hypothesis explaining
      the low incidence of symptomatic recurrence.
AB  - The true incidence of recurrent disease after carotid endarterectomy (CENDX) is
      unknown, but noninvasive hemodynamic testing shows a paradox between the
      incidence of hemodynamically significant recurrent stenosis (RS) and the presence
      of symptomatic disease. We have shown that real-time B-mode ultrasound imaging
      can demonstrate the gross pathology of the arterial wall and plaque and their
      surface characteristics. Therefore we reviewed the clinical data and B-mode
      studies performed 6 months to 15 years after 276 carotid endarterectomies.
      Preoperative and perioperative risk factors and associated symptoms on follow-up
      were stored on computer. The patients were divided into three groups by the
      anatomy of their B-mode study. The majority of the studies were normal (203
      [73.5%]), 42 (15.2%) showed mild disease, and 34 (12.3%) demonstrated significant
      RS. The RS group had a statistically significant increase in incidence of known
      lipid abnormalities (p less than 0.05), associated peripheral vascular disease,
      previous myocardial infarctions, and ulcerated plaque on the original carotid
      endarterectomy (p less than 0.01). The site of RS appeared related to the time of
      detection by B-mode ultrasound imaging. Internal carotid RS developed late
      (greater than 4 years), as did RS of the bifurcation. By contrast, stenosis at
      the common carotid level developed earlier. These findings suggest different
      pathogenic mechanisms--for the former, redevelopment of atherosclerosis; for the
      latter, accentuation of preexisting atherosclerosis perhaps by hemodynamic
      factors. Finally, in the 26 vessels with RS without occlusion, there was an 8%
      incidence of plaque ulcer or hemorrhage vs. a 62% incidence in 79 primary
      atherosclerotic plaques previously studied by both B-mode and pathologic
      examination. The low incidence of plaque characteristics associated with
      symptomatic disease may account for the low incidence of symptomatic disease
      associated with RS.

PMID- 3880833
TI  - The role of the lymphatic system in acute arterial prosthetic graft infections.
AB  - No experimental data have been published that evaluate the role of lower
      extremity lymphatics in the pathophysiology of arterial graft infection.
      Bilateral interpositional femoral artery graft (PTFE) replacements were performed
      in 21 greyhounds, accompanied by unilateral limb ischemia-rendering operations
      and ipsilateral bacterial inoculations with standardized inocula of Escherichia
      coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Inguinal lymphatics in the ischemic leg were
      either simply transected (group I), carefully preserved (group II), or excised
      and ligated (group III) at the time of femoral graft implantation. The grafts
      were harvested 48 hours later and graft and blood cultures obtained. There was an
      87.5% incidence of positive graft cultures in groups I and II, but both organisms
      were cultured significantly more often in group II than in group I (62.5% vs.
      12.5%; p less than 0.01). Blood culture data were similar. The incidence of
      positive graft and blood cultures in group III was only 20%, and no cultures
      obtained were positive for both organisms. Cultures of contralateral control
      grafts yielded both organisms in all group II dogs compared with only 25% of
      group I and 0% in group III (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that the
      lymphatics probably contribute to the development of acute graft infection by
      absorbing bacteria, and either transporting them to the systemic circulation via
      lymphatic-venous communications when the lymphatics are intact, causing
      hematogenous contamination of a graft, or by directly bathing the implanted graft
      when the lymphatics are disrupted proximal to a septic focus. Careful isolation,
      transection, and ligation of the inguinal lymphatics at the time of arterial
      reconstruction might minimize acute graft sepsis.

PMID- 3880834
TI  - Innominate artery lesions: problems encountered and lessons learned.
AB  - Although unusual, innominate artery lesions may present challenging problems. To
      classify the wide spectrum of problems requiring operation and elucidate certain
      principles of management, a series of 71 patients undergoing operation for
      innominate artery problems over a 20-year period was reviewed retrospectively.
      Occlusive disease (37 patients) was most common, usually presenting with
      neurologic or ocular symptoms. Other lesions included innominate aneurysm
      (three), aortic dissection involving the innominate artery (three), traumatic
      injuries (five), tracheoinnominate fistula (10), anomalous origin or tortuosity
      causing tracheal compression (six), involvement in mediastinal tumor or scar
      (six), and thromboembolus (one). The type of operative repair and mortality rate
      varied with the nature of the lesion. Overall 38 patients underwent transsternal
      repair, whereas 12 had extrathoracic bypass, 16 resection and oversewing, and
      five a pexy procedure. For occlusive disease, direct repair via median sternotomy
      gave best long-term results with an acceptable mortality rate (3.4%). Shunting
      was not required. Extrathoracic grafting proved safe but less durable and should
      be reserved for high-risk patients or special circumstances.

PMID- 3880835
TI  - Use of the passive voice.

PMID- 3880836
TI  - Lightning injury with survival in five patients.
AB  - Of a total of 4,153 admissions, five patients with lightning-associated injuries
      were admitted to a burn center during a 15-year period, 1969 through 1983. In
      these patients, the burned portion of the total body surface ranged from 3% to
      29% (average, 16%), and all survived. The associated injuries and complications
      in these lightning-strike victims and a review of treatment guidelines are
      presented.

PMID- 3880837
TI  - Ambulatory surgical centers.

PMID- 3880838
TI  - Diagnosis of unilateral renal artery lesions after captopril administration.

PMID- 3880839
TI  - Localization of alpha-1 acid glycoproteins in human myocardium.
AB  - alpha-1 acid glycoproteins become elevated in the patient's serum within a few
      hours after an acute myocardial infarction. Previous reports have suggested a
      correlation between the magnitude of this elevation and infarct size as estimated
      by enzyme markers. Correlation has also been observed between the mortality
      following infarction and appearance of elevated alpha-1 acid glycoproteins. We
      now report that these glycoproteins are detectable in normal myocardium using
      immunohistochemical techniques. Diminished amounts are observed in necrotic
      tissue in acute myocardial infarcts. Ultrastructural localization by
      immunoelectron microscopy using sections of normal myocardium established the
      presence of alpha-1 acid glycoproteins primarily at the cell surface in the
      region of the sarcolemma. The observations suggest that myocardium may directly
      contribute to the elevation of serum alpha-1 acid glycoproteins after an infarct,
      and the assessment of these components may serve as an additional serum marker.

PMID- 3880840
TI  - Megaloblastic anemias.

PMID- 3880841
TI  - Ontogeny of neuroendocrine cells in human fetal lung. II. An immunohistochemical
      study.
AB  - Immunocytochemistry using horseradish peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique was
      performed on the lungs of 60 human fetuses and newborn infants of 8 to 40 weeks'
      gestation and from birth to 7 months' postnatal life. Tissue was stained for the
      peptide hormones, immunoreactive (IR) bombesin, IR calcitonin and IR Leu
      enkephalin, as well as for IR serotonin. IR bombesin appeared in neuroendocrine
      cells and neuroepithelial bodies in the developing conducting airways of fetuses
      by 10 weeks' gestation and increased in number primarily in bronchioles as
      gestation progressed. They were most numerous in live-born infants with chronic
      respirator lung disease. In contrast, IR calcitonin-staining cells did not appear
      until late in the second trimester. They were present in small numbers from 20
      weeks onward but were also most numerous in infants with chronic respirator lung
      disease. IR serotonin-staining cells were readily found in lungs of fetuses in
      the first trimester. By the second trimester many solitary neuroendocrine cells
      and neuroepithelial bodies staining for IR serotonin were present in developing
      terminal airways and a lesser number appeared in bronchioles and intrapulmonary
      bronchi. In premature infants, IR serotonin-staining cells were scarce in the
      presence of acute hyaline membrane disease but were numerous in lungs of infants
      with regenerating conducting airways associated with chronic respirator lung
      disease. IR Leu-enkephalin-staining cells were found only in one infant who
      survived 7 postnatal months of respirator care following neonatal hyaline
      membrane disease.

PMID- 3880842
TI  - Monoclonal antibody PAL-E specific for endothelium.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody, PAL-E, is described that is specific for endothelial
      cells. The monoclonal antibody, an IgG2a, markedly stains endothelium of
      capillaries, medium-sized and small veins, and venules in frozen sections of
      human and some animal tissues tested. It reacts not at all or only weakly with
      endothelium of large, medium-sized, and small arteries, arterioles, and large
      veins and does not stain the endothelial lining of lymphatic vessels and sinus
      histiocytes. The cellular staining pattern and tissue staining were different
      from those obtained with antifactor VIII R:AG antiserum and Ulex europaeus I
      lectin. Blocking experiments indicated that these three reagents recognize
      different endothelial binding sites. Therefore, PAL-E is a new staining reagent
      for endothelium in frozen sections. Based on immunoelectronmicroscopic
      observations, the antigenic determinant recognized by PAL-E is associated with
      endothelial vesicles.

PMID- 3880843
TI  - Spatial dispersion of spindle cells in the human thoracic aorta.
AB  - The intima of the human thoracic aorta thickens with age. Those portions of
      thickened intima that lack foci of atheronecrosis or foam cells are populated by
      smooth muscle cells, which are usually characterized in sections by spindle
      shaped nuclei, and by occasional superficial monocytic macrophagic cells.
      Populations of these cells were censused by counting nuclear profiles at 40
      anatomically defined sites in each of 200 aortas aged 10 to 69 years. The
      different depths within the intima between the lumenal surface and the media with
      minor exceptions did not significantly differ in cell numbers. The density of
      cells decreased with thickness at all ages and with age at all thicknesses after
      completion of growth and maturation. The total numbers of cells in 100-microns
      lengths of intima, assessed in longitudinal tissue sections, were virtually
      constant with aging after 20 to 29 years. The dispersion of cells over the intima
      in the lateral walls of the thoracic aorta followed a negative binomial
      distribution, which has an upward skewed unimodal form. Because of the sampling
      properties of this form of distribution the mean of eight to 12 measurements
      appears to be adequate to describe the spindle cell numbers in the nonnecrotic
      parts of an aorta.

PMID- 3880844
TI  - An experimental evaluation of nucleotide enhancement techniques for kidney
      transplantation.
AB  - The effect of various nucleotide-enhancing agents on renal function and
      intracellular nucleotide levels was evaluated in a canine autotransplant model.
      Thirty-five dogs (18-28 kg) underwent left nephrectomy and 30 min of warm
      ischemia followed by Collins C-4 flush and 24 hr of cold-storage preservation.
      Heterotopic autotransplantation and immediate contralateral nephrectomy was then
      performed. Seven equal groups were evaluated: group A--controls, group B-
      adenosine pretreatment (1.0 g), group C--dipyridamole pretreatment (10 mg), group
      D--adenosine (1.0 g), and dipyridamole (10 mg) pretreatment, group E--adenosine
      (200 mg) and EHNA (2.5 mg/kg) pretreatment, group F--adenosine (200 mg) and EHNA
      (2.5 mg/kg) in the Collins C-4 flush, and group G--adenosine (200 mg) and EHNA
      (2.5 mg/kg) at the time of autotransplantation. All kidneys underwent cortical
      biopsies at the end of preservation and 1 hr after restoration of blood flow for
      determinations of AMP, ADP, and ATP. In the pretreatment groups (groups B through
      E) there was 60% graft survival whereas the controls (group A) and the groups
      treated after ischemia (groups F and G) had 0, 0, and 20% graft survival,
      respectively. In groups B and E, ATP levels were greater than controls after
      preservation and 1 hr after restoration of blood flow. Group C AMP and ADP levels
      and group D energy charge were greater than controls in the post-transplantation
      biopsies. Administration of adenosine and EHNA after ischemia was not associated
      with increased intracellular nucleotide levels. One hour post-transplantation
      biopsies demonstrated greater ability to regenerate cortical nucleotides in the
      surviving animals but no absolute value could be identified as a predictor of
      viability. In conclusion, pretreatment with adenosine, dipyridamole, and EHNA
      alone and in combination is beneficial in ischemically injured kidneys undergoing
      cold-storage preservation.

PMID- 3880845
TI  - Bronchoscopy after cardiopulmonary transplantation.
AB  - Eighteen combined heart and lung transplant operations were performed between
      March, 1981, and March, 1984. Six of these patients have undergone bronchoscopy,
      at varying intervals after transplantation. Five of these procedures were done
      for specific clinical indications; one was done incidentally, during another
      surgical procedure requiring general anesthesia. All patients had intact, healing
      tracheal anastomotic suture lines; there were no instances of tracheal stenosis.
      The distal tracheobronchial tree appeared endoscopically normal in the
      transplanted lungs, except in areas of known infiltrates. Four of the patients
      had endobronchial biopsies, and alveolar eosinophilic proteinaceous exudate and
      submucosal mononuclear infiltrate were consistent features. Two of the later
      biopsies suggest that squamous metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium may occur
      with long-term follow-up. Controversy exists as to the optimal technique for
      tracheal anastomosis, but in the case of the steroid-treated, immunosuppressed
      transplant patient, continuous anastomosis with polypropylene has yielded
      satisfactory results.

PMID- 3880846
TI  - Patch enlargement of the cardiovascular flow tract with neither flow occlusion
      nor extracorporeal circulation.
AB  - A wire-guided knife has been developed for right ventricular outflow
      reconstruction without the use of bypass circulation or flow occlusion. The
      technique has been applied successfully in two patients with tetralogy of Fallot
      and one patient with coarctation of the aorta.

PMID- 3880847
TI  - Effect of hemothorax on experimental empyema thoracis in the guinea pig.
AB  - An experimental model for empyema thoracis in the Duncan-Harley guinea pig is
      introduced. Empyema thoracis development and early death (less than 14 days after
      bacterial inoculation) were noted after various concentrations and species were
      inoculated into the pleural space with a piece of umbilical tape, which was used
      as a cofactor. The effect of concomitant hemothorax was also tested. Group I (N =
      90) had intrapleural inoculation of umbilical tape and various concentrations
      (10(4), 10(6), 10(8) organisms/ml) of various bacterial species, which included
      Staphylococcus aureus (N = 30), Escherichia coli (N = 30), and Bacteroides
      fragilis (N = 30). Group II (N = 90) had intrapleural inoculation of umbilical
      tape, 1 ml of autologous blood, and the same varying concentrations and species
      of bacteria as Group I. The observation period was 14 days, during which time
      early deaths were noted. Fifty-eight percent of the staphylococcal group of
      animals, 37% of the E. coli group of animals, and none of the B. fragilis group
      of animals developed empyema. Animals with empyema developed significant weight
      loss (p less than 0.05) and roentgenographic evidence of empyema, which was
      supported by postmortem pleural reaction and pneumonia scores (p less than 0.05).
      Higher concentrations of inoculated bacteria produced a higher incidence of
      empyema in the S. aureus and E. coli groups (p less than 0.05), but concomitant
      hemothorax did not increase the already high incidence of empyema and early death
      in the E. coli group. Empyema caused by B. fragilis did not develop, even with
      cofactors of umbilical tape and blood. Anaerobic infections in this model may
      require the presence of other aerobic or facultative organisms, the presence of
      necrotic lung, prior malnutrition, or a combination thereof.

PMID- 3880848
TI  - Alterations of insulin and glucose metabolism during cardiopulmonary bypass under
      normothermia.
AB  - Anesthesia, surgical trauma, heparinization, priming volume composition, and
      temperature control of the heart-lung machine individually affect carbohydrate,
      protein, or lipid metabolism during cardiac operations. The impact of some of
      these factors on glucose and insulin regulation was assessed before, during, and
      after normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in nondiabetic patients with use of a
      servo-controlled insulin delivery system. With a glucose-free prime,
      cardiopulmonary bypass induced a slight hyperglycemia but no endogenous insulin
      response, suggesting a partial inhibition of insulin secretion. Nonetheless,
      insulin release could be stimulated by exogenous glucagon. A glucose load in the
      priming fluid led to marked and persistent hyperglycemia without commensurate
      insulin release. Elevated stress hormone levels, a concomitant reduction of
      insulin release and insulin action, and a depression of peripheral glucose
      utilization, as demonstrated by glucose clamp experiments, contributed to these
      perturbations of glucose and insulin metabolism. Although the metabolic
      alterations observed are not critical in routine cardiac operations, they may
      become clinically significant in postoperative states with unusual persistence of
      stress conditions.

PMID- 3880849
TI  - Sinusitis in immunodeficient and immunosuppressed patients.
AB  - Sinusitis tends to occur in immunodeficient and immunosuppressed patients during
      periods of severe leukopenia. This group of patients includes those with primary
      immunodeficiency diseases, patients with leukemia receiving chemotherapy, and
      those undergoing bone marrow transplantation or kidney transplantation. The
      clinical and radiographic signs may be minimal or initially unimpressive.
      Sinusitis due to Aspergillus, Phycomycetes, or Pseudomonas may be fulminant and
      even fatal, requiring extensive surgical procedures for control.

PMID- 3880850
TI  - Heat myringotomy.
AB  - Heat myringotomy using a commercially available, battery powered device produced
      an opening in the tympanic membrane that persisted 1 to 3 weeks. The procedure
      was performed to treat chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) in lieu of
      ventilation tubes in 10 pediatric and 15 adult ears under office iontophoretic
      anesthesia. These patients were followed for a minimum of 3 months to assess
      efficacy. Fifty percent of pediatric ears were controlled, eliminating the need
      for general anesthesia and tube insertion. Forty percent of adult ears were
      controlled with heat myringotomy. A description of the procedure, discussion of
      possible reasons for failure, and analysis of potential cost savings are
      included.

PMID- 3880851
TI  - Degradation of the 34 amino acid gastrin by rat tissue homogenates.
AB  - Extracts of rat kidney contain an enzyme (gastrinase) that is highly specific for
      degradation of the 34 amino acid gastrin (G34). The Michaelis constant (Km) for
      kidney is 0.36 +/- 0.04 microM and the Vmax is 9.5 +/- 2.4 nmol X g-1 X min-1.
      Extracts of liver and brain also have gastrin degrading activity but the enzymes
      responsible appear to be different from the kidney gastrinase. Km for the liver
      enzyme is 0.08 +/- 0.02 microM but its Vmax (0.10 +/- 0.02 nmol X g-1 X min-1) is
      only 1% of the kidney gastrinase; Km for the brain enzyme is 0.10 +/- 0.03 microM
      but its Vmax (0.023 +/- 0.007 nmol X g-1 X min-1) is even lower than for the
      liver enzyme. The liver and brain enzymes appear to be less specific than the
      kidney enzyme with respect to competitive inhibition by insulin and glucagon.
      Cholecystokinin octapeptide is less inhibitory than the other peptides even
      though it shares a common C-terminal pentapeptide with G34. These findings are
      consistent with in vivo studies which have demonstrated that the dog kidney is an
      important site for extraction and degradation of endogenous dog gastrin but there
      is little or no hepatic removal of G34.

PMID- 3880852
TI  - Disseminated infection with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. A report of 13
      cases and a review of the literature.
AB  - Thirteen cases of disseminated infection with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
      (MAI) seen at the National Jewish Hospital and Research Center and 24 cases from
      the literature were analyzed to define clinical and therapeutic features of the
      disease. Disseminated MAI infection was a disease of immunocompromised and
      apparently normal hosts. It was acquired from the environment by unknown
      mechanisms, usually entering the body through the lungs and spreading to include
      the reticuloendothelial system, bones, and less commonly, the skin. Diagnosis was
      often delayed and required culture of tissue or secretions. Medical personnel
      must maintain a high index of suspicion for MAI disease, especially in
      immunocompromised hosts. These patients should be monitored carefully for
      evidence of MAI with frequent cultures of blood and bone marrow. Blood culture
      systems able to recover MAI promptly and reliably should be employed (52, 64).
      New diagnostic aids, such as the standardized preparation of PPD-B currently
      being prepared or tests for antibody to MAI, will help in differentiating MAI
      from other processes. If MAI is recovered, broad-spectrum therapy should be
      instituted. Response to combination antimicrobial chemotherapy in the patients
      surveyed in this report was gratifying. Over two-thirds of treated patients
      responded to therapy. New antimycobacterial agents such as ansamycin and
      thienamycin have been shown to have activity against MAI in vitro (40, 81, 92)
      and may further improve therapeutic efficacy. Studies of in vitro synergy,
      currently in progress in our laboratory, will also help define the optimal
      therapeutic regimen for each individual patient. While the patients presented in
      this report had a reassuring response to therapy, those who had many bacilli in
      the tissues had a poorer outcome. Patients with AIDS often have this lepromatous
      histology (37) and thus may respond more poorly than the patients in this report
      even when optimal therapy is employed. Careful monitoring of AIDS patients for
      MAI infection may permit earlier institution of therapy and improve the chances
      for control of the infection. Studies to assess the relationship of in vitro
      sensitivity to therapeutic response in these patients are currently underway in
      our laboratory. It is hoped that early institution of therapy and optimization of
      regimens according to in vitro sensitivity data will lead to decreased morbidity
      and mortality in all patients with MAI infection.

PMID- 3880853
TI  - Idiopathic IgA mesangial nephropathy. Clinical and histological study of 374
      patients.
AB  - Histological features and data on the natural history after 1 to 45 years (mean
      6.56 +/- 8.55) of total apparent duration and 1 to 13 years (mean 3.48 +/- 5.04)
      of post-biopsy follow-up, are reported in 374 patients (mean age, 33.9 +/- 11.9
      yrs) with idiopathic mesangial IgA nephropathy, who presented with a history of
      macroscopic hematuria (56%), recurrent in two-thirds of the patients, or with
      persistent microscopic hematuria and no previous episodes of gross hematuria
      (44%). Mesangial cell proliferation ranged from minimal to diffuse. Associated
      varying degrees of extracapillary proliferation, segmental and global glomerular
      sclerosis, tubulo-interstitial damage and arteriolar hyalinosis usually
      correlated with each other and with the extent of mesangial proliferation (P less
      than 0.05). The actuarial curve of progression to renal death showed a 75%
      survival after 20 years from apparent onset. Progression to renal failure was
      more rapid in patients with: an older age at onset (P = 0.0582); male sex (P =
      0.0730); no history of recurrent gross hematuria (P = 0.0406); high blood
      pressure (P = 0.0011); more marked global (P = 0.0007) and segmental (P = 0.0026)
      glomerular sclerosis; more severe interstitial sclerosis (P = 0.0147); more
      diffuse and global mesangial proliferation (P = 0.0820); mesangio-parietal
      pattern at immunofluorescence (P = 0.0778). However, all these parameters showed
      a poor predictive value if applied to any single patient.

PMID- 3880854
TI  - Calcium antagonists in patients with cardiovascular disease. Current
      perspectives.
AB  - Since their introduction in the United States about 4 years ago, the calcium
      antagonists have achieved an important place in the medical therapy of several
      cardiovascular disease entities. These pharmacologic agents differ markedly in
      their clinical utility. Verapamil is extremely effective in patients with
      supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and the various
      anginal syndromes, but it appears to be ineffective or possibly even deleterious
      in those with pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure of any cause, and
      Raynaud's phenomenon or disease. Nifedipine exerts a powerful vasodilatory effect
      and, as a result, is efficacious in individuals with systemic or pulmonary
      hypertension, congestive heart failure, and Raynaud's phenomenon or disease. It
      is also beneficial in patients with various kinds of angina, especially when it
      is administered concomitantly with a beta-adrenergic blocker. It is totally
      ineffective as an antiarrhythmic agent. Diltiazem is an effective antianginal
      agent and may be beneficial as an antiarrhythmic agent, but it is largely
      untested in patients with systemic or pulmonary hypertension, Raynaud's disease,
      and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A thorough understanding of each drug's
      hemodynamic and electrophysiologic effects allows the practicing physician to
      prescribe them skillfully and safely.

PMID- 3880855
TI  - Involvement of insulin in the acute thermogenic responses to food and
      nonmetabolizable substances.
AB  - Gastric intubation with 40 kJ of a carbohydrate slurry (4 mL) produced increases
      in resting oxygen consumption (VO2) of 15% to 22% in control, cold-adapted, and
      hyperthyroid rats, but the absolute rise in metabolic rate after food was greater
      in the latter group. Tube-feeding methyl cellulose (4 mL, 7% wt/vol) evoked
      similar increases in VO2 to carbohydrate (15% to 23%), but all of these responses
      were inhibited by beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol. In cold-adapted
      animals, fat (40 kJ, 1.2 mL) produced a greater thermic effect than carbohydrate
      or methyl cellulose, and water (4 mL) also induced a small (8%), significant
      increase in VO2. Treatment with diazoxide shortly before the meal, to inhibit
      insulin release, almost completely inhibited the thermic responses to
      carbohydrate and methyl cellulose in all groups, but did not alter the effects of
      fat or water. Ingestion of a nonmetabolizable substance (methyl cellulose), would
      appear to stimulate metabolic rate to a similar extent to carbohydrate, possibly
      by causing gastric distention. Thermic effects of both these substances appear to
      involve insulin release and activation of the sympathetic nervous system. The
      thermic response to fat can also be inhibited by beta-adrenergic blockade, but
      apparently does not involve insulin release.

PMID- 3880856
TI  - Insulin uptake by the human alcoholic cirrhotic liver.
AB  - Insulin uptake by the human cirrhotic liver was studied in six patients with
      Laennec's cirrhosis, and the result was compared with that found in ten control
      patients with varying diseases affecting the biliary system. All patients had
      portal catheters for diagnostic purposes. The fractional hepatic uptake of
      insulin was calculated from the clearance rates for insulin obtained after a
      constant rate infusion into a peripheral vein and the portal vein in each
      patient. The fractional hepatic extraction of insulin was 13% +/- 5 in cirrhotic
      patients and differed significantly from the fractional hepatic extraction found
      in controls (51% +/- 5;P less than 0.001).

PMID- 3880857
TI  - Starvation enhances the ability of insulin to inhibit its own secretion.
AB  - To examine whether decreased insulin secretion during starvation is related to a
      change in the ability of insulin to inhibit its own secretion, plasma C-peptide
      was measured after plasma insulin levels were acutely raised by intravenous (IV)
      insulin infusion in a dose of 40 and 80 mU/M2/min in obese subjects before and
      after a 72 hour fast. Plasma glucose concentration was maintained +/- 4% of basal
      levels by a variable glucose infusion. During the 80 mU infusion, at plasma
      insulin levels of 200 microU/mL, plasma C-peptide fell by 0.17 pmol/mL in the fed
      state. In the fasted state, despite basal levels that were 36% lower, C-peptide
      decreased by 0.21 pmol/mL. Highly significant increases in percent suppression
      after fasting were noted during both 40 mU and 80 mU studies. The plasma C
      peptide response was related to the insulin infusion dose in both the fed and
      fasted state. In contrast, alpha cell suppression by insulin, as determined by
      plasma glucagon levels, was not altered by fasting. It is concluded that enhanced
      inhibitory influences of insulin on the beta cell during starvation may be a
      physiologically important mechanism for diminished insulin secretion during the
      transition from the fed to the fasting state.

PMID- 3880858
TI  - Lipolysis and the antilipolytic effect of insulin in adipocytes from rats adapted
      to a high-protein diet.
AB  - Free fatty acid (FFA) mobilization during fasting was investigated in rats fed a
      high-protein, carbohydrate-free (HP) diet (70% casein, 8% fat, wt/wt) or a
      balanced diet (66% carbohydrate, 17% casein, 8% fat) for 30 to 40 days. In vivo,
      rats on the HP diet showed reduced rates of plasma FFA increase during fasting.
      Their blood sugar remained unchanged and was higher than that of control rats 24
      hours after removal of food. In the fed state, serum insulin levels were smaller
      in HP-fed rats but did not differ significantly in the two experimental groups
      during fasting. In vitro, the rates of glycerol and FFA release by epididymal fat
      pads obtained from fasted rats were similar in rats consuming the HP diet. Fat
      cells isolated from rats on the HP diet also had reduced rates of basal
      lipolysis. Furthermore, they showed a significant increase in responsiveness to
      the lipolytic action of noradrenaline and an increase in both sensitivity and
      responsiveness to the inhibitory effect of insulin on noradrenaline-stimulated
      lipolysis. Adipocytes from HP-fed and control rats had mean diameters of 51 and
      60 mu, respectively, and estimated average volumes of 90 and 142 pL. On the basis
      of existing data on the correlation between size and lipolytic activity of fat
      cells, the smaller size of the adipocytes from HP-fed rats might account for the
      lower rate of basal lipolysis but not for the increased response to the hormones.
      The increased sensitivity of fat cells to the antilipolytic action of insulin may
      have been an important factor in the reduced lipomobilization during fasting in
      rats under the high-protein regimen.

PMID- 3880859
TI  - Renal artery digital-subtraction angiography. An outpatient investigation for
      renovascular hypertension.
AB  - The adequacy and convenience of the digital-subtraction angiographic procedure by
      means of a Diasonics DF100 as an investigation in renovascular disease were
      assessed over a nine-month period in 82 sequential renal artery studies, of which
      76 were carried out in patients referred for the investigation of hypertension.
      Contrast medium was injected as a bolus by way of a centrally placed venous
      catheter, or a small (5 French size or smaller) arterial catheter. Patients
      tolerated the procedure well, and were fully mobile within 10 minutes to one hour
      (venous injection) and within two hours (arterial injection) after the procedure.
      Of the 82 studies, nine were judged as inadequate. All technical failures
      occurred with the venous injection technique. Of the 76 patients with
      hypertension, the main renal artery was judged as normal in 61. Renal artery
      lesions were demonstrated in 15 studies (13 patients). Renal vein renin studies,
      and the clinical or postoperative course supported the diagnosis of renovascular
      hypertension in 11 of these. Digital-subtraction angiography of the renal artery
      is a useful investigation in suspected renovascular hypertension. Its major
      advantage over conventional angiography is that it can be performed on an
      outpatient basis.

PMID- 3880860
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Basic principles.
AB  - The physical principles underlying nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging (also
      known as MRI) are described. NMR is an important new non-invasive imaging
      modality, which does not use ionizing radiation. Its ability to map hydrogen ion
      distribution, and to detect two intrinsic parameters ("relaxation times") which
      are indicative of the immediate chemical environment of the hydrogen nuclei,
      results in images of superior spatial detail in the brain and spinal cord. The
      potential of this technique for quantitating blood flow and for the exact
      identification of tissues is discussed.

PMID- 3880861
TI  - Aspirin and other platelet-aggregation inhibiting drugs.
AB  - The biochemistry of platelets is surprisingly complex, and offers the opportunity
      for numerous platelet-aggregation inhibiting ("antiplatelet") drugs to interfere
      with different aspects of their metabolism and function. Thus, aspirin inhibits
      platelet aggregation by irreversibly inactivating cyclo-oxygenase, a key enzyme
      in platelet prostaglandin metabolism, while the other nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs and sulphinpyrazone cause reversible and dose-dependent
      inhibition of the same enzyme. Dipyridamole can inhibit both platelet adhesion
      and aggregation by raising the platelet cyclic AMP level through
      phosphodiesterase inhibition. The use of aspirin, sulphinpyrazone, and
      dipyridamole as antithrombotic agents has now been extensively evaluated. In
      general, treatment with these drugs has been more likely to prevent arterial than
      venous thromboembolism, and aspirin or the combination of aspirin and
      dipyridamole has been more effective in this respect than has sulphinpyrazone.
      Recent evidence strongly suggests that aspirin reduces the risk of non-fatal
      myocardial infarction in patients with unstable angina, and that the
      administration of aspirin in combination with dipyridamole significantly improves
      graft patency after aortocoronary bypass. Aspirin also appears to reduce the
      likelihood of stroke or death in men with transient cerebral ischaemic attacks.

PMID- 3880862
TI  - Syphilis.

PMID- 3880863
TI  - Anorexia, LHRH and ovulation.

PMID- 3880864
TI  - Pharmacological principles of treatment in diabetes.
AB  - Although a number of improvements in medical care have led to an overall
      improvement in the prognosis of diabetes, there have been few major new
      developments in the pharmacological management of diabetes mellitus apart from
      the introduction of insulin in the 1920s and of orally administered hypoglycaemic
      agents in the 1950s. However, recent developments in our knowledge of the
      aetiology of diabetes and its complications may herald a new era in the
      management of diabetes with specific approaches to the prevention or reversal of
      diabetes and its complications.

PMID- 3880865
TI  - Corticosteroid aerosols for asthma.

PMID- 3880866
TI  - Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methylation and insulin release in isolated pancreatic
      islets of the rat.
AB  - Rat pancreatic islets methylate phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipids to form
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) with S-adenosyl-L-[methy-3H]methionine as the methyl
      donor. Islet PE-N-methyltransferase had activity optima at pH 6-7 and 8-9. S
      Adenosyl-L-homocysteine, sodium deoxycholate, and Triton X-100 inhibited
      methylation in islet homogenates. Addition of phosphatidyl-N
      monomethylethanolamine and phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine (PDME) enhanced
      [3H]methyl incorporation into PDME and PC, respectively. Isoproterenol, but not
      glucose, stimulated phospholipid methylation in islet homogenates. Propranolol
      inhibited the isoproterenol effect. In intact islets, glucose or isoproterenol
      stimulated insulin release and incorporation of [3H]methyl groups from [methyl
      3H]methionine into phospholipids. Isoproterenol enhanced to a similar extent
      glucose-stimulated methylation and hormone release. Neither 2-deoxyglucose,
      tolbutamide, nor 8-bromo-cyclic AMP stimulated islet phospholipid methylation.
      The methyl-transferase inhibitor 3-deazaadenosine inhibited both glucose and
      isoproterenol-stimulated methyltransferase activity and insulin release.
      Propranolol inhibited the beta-adrenergic potentiation of glucose-induced
      phospholipid methylation and insulin release. These data suggest that PE-N
      methyltransferase plays a role in amplification of the islet cell stimulus
      secretion coupling response to certain secretagogues.

PMID- 3880867
TI  - High-dose vitamin C versus placebo in the treatment of patients with advanced
      cancer who have had no prior chemotherapy. A randomized double-blind comparison.
AB  - It has been claimed that high-dose vitamin C is beneficial in the treatment of
      patients with advanced cancer, especially patients who have had no prior
      chemotherapy. In a double-blind study 100 patients with advanced colorectal
      cancer were randomly assigned to treatment with either high-dose vitamin C (10 g
      daily) or placebo. Overall, these patients were in very good general condition,
      with minimal symptoms. None had received any previous treatment with cytotoxic
      drugs. Vitamin C therapy showed no advantage over placebo therapy with regard to
      either the interval between the beginning of treatment and disease progression or
      patient survival. Among patients with measurable disease, none had objective
      improvement. On the basis of this and our previous randomized study, it can be
      concluded that high-dose vitamin C therapy is not effective against advanced
      malignant disease regardless of whether the patient has had any prior
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3880869
TI  - Successful engraftment after three mismatched bone-marrow transplantations for
      chronic granulocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3880868
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 4-1985. A 36-year-old man with a cardiac mass three years after
      renal transplantation.

PMID- 3880870
TI  - Porphyria in the reign of George III.

PMID- 3880871
TI  - Preventing illness to control Medicare costs.

PMID- 3880872
TI  - On the longevity of the Marquis de Lafayette.

PMID- 3880873
TI  - Synthesis in E. coli of alpha 1-antitrypsin variants of therapeutic potential for
      emphysema and thrombosis.
AB  - The primary function of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), an antiprotease
      produced by the liver, is the inhibition of neutrophil elastase, a protease
      capable of hydrolysing most connective tissue components. The importance of alpha
      1-AT is demonstrated by the high incidence of early-onset emphysema in
      individuals with hereditary alpha 1-AT deficiency (Type PiZZ), in whom serum
      levels of alpha 1-AT are 10-20% of normal. Oxidants in tobacco smoke can
      inactivate alpha 1-AT in vitro, and studies have shown that alpha 1-AT from the
      lungs of individuals who smoke cigarettes may also be partially inactivated,
      perhaps explaining the high incidence of emphysema associated with cigarette
      smoking. Oxidative inactivation is probably due to modification of the Met
      residue (Met358) at the P1 subsite position of the elastase binding site of the
      protein. To study the possibility of modulating the biological properties of
      alpha 1-AT, we have introduced selected sequence modifications at the reactive
      site by in vitro mutation of a cloned alpha 1-AT complementary DNA. We describe
      here the characterization of two alpha 1-AT analogues produced in Escherichia
      coli. The first, alpha 1-AT(Met385----Val), is not only fully active as an
      elastase inhibitor but is also resistant to oxidative inactivation. The other,
      alpha 1-AT(Met358----Arg), no longer inhibits elastase but is an efficient
      thrombin inhibitor. The active site of the latter is identical to that of the
      alpha 1-AT (Pittsburgh) variant, which was associated with a fatal bleeding
      disorder.

PMID- 3880874
TI  - Essential voice tremor: treatment with propranolol.
AB  - We studied chronic oral propranolol therapy and placebo in seven patients with
      essential voice tremor. Mean scores for voice tremor and voice quality did not
      differ for placebo or propranolol. Hand tremor amplitude decreased significantly
      with propranolol. Voice tremor seems to be more resistant to propranolol therapy
      than hand tremor.

PMID- 3880875
TI  - Chronic allopurinol and adenine therapy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: effects
      on muscle function, nucleotide degradation, and muscle ATP and ADP content.
AB  - Prompted by the controversy on the efficacy of allopurinol in Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy and by our observations of an abnormal adenine nucleotide turnover in
      this disease, we conducted an 18 month, double-blind clinical trial with
      allopurinol and adenine in 14 Duchenne boys paired according to age and
      functional activity. Detailed clinical evaluation was performed trimonthly.
      Muscle ATP and ADP content was measured before and after 1 year of treatment. The
      effect of therapy on adenine nucleotide turnover was determined. No significant
      difference was observed between the treated and placebo groups, but both showed a
      significant deterioration (p less than 0.05) in most clinical parameters. Muscle
      ATP was reduced in Duchenne dystrophy (p less than 0.02) but did not change with
      therapy, and no correction of the abnormal adenine nucleotide degradation was
      observed.

PMID- 3880876
TI  - The effect of vitamin E on mammary dysplasia: a double-blind study.
AB  - Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) has been used to treat patients with benign breast
      disease. To evaluate the efficacy of this treatment, a randomized, double-blind
      placebo-controlled study was performed on 128 women with confirmed mammary
      dysplasia. Patients were treated with placebo or 150, 300, or 600 IU of d, 1
      alpha-tocopherol per day for two months; breast examinations, sonography, and
      thermography were performed in the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle before
      and after treatment. No significant objective effects to treatment were noted in
      any of the parameters monitored. In addition, serum concentrations of estradiol,
      progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and testosterone were measured
      before and after treatment. There were no significant effects on concentrations
      of these hormones. From this study, d, 1 alpha-tocopherol does not seem to be
      beneficial in the treatment of patients with mammary dysplasia.

PMID- 3880877
TI  - Induction of labor and cervical ripening by intracervical prostaglandin E2.
AB  - A randomized double-blind trial was conducted over 48 hours comparing the
      effectiveness of prostaglandin E2 gel administered intracervically with that of
      demoxytocin buccal tablets for induction of labor in 103 patients with unripe
      cervical status (Bishop score 5 or less). A statistically significant difference
      was found in success frequency between the two groups, both on the first day
      (54.7 and 34.0%, respectively) and on the second day (82.0 and 61.9%,
      respectively; P less than .05). Without being matched, variables influencing the
      course of labor in the two groups were comparable. There was no statistically
      significant difference in the induction-delivery interval between the two groups
      during the first and second days of the trial. In both the prostaglandin E2 and
      the demoxytocin groups, patients who had not gone into labor during the first day
      showed a statistically significant increment in the Bishop score on the morning
      of the second day (2.4 and 1.3, respectively; P less than .01). The frequency of
      instrumental deliveries and cesarean section was the same in both groups; neither
      hypertonic uterine contractions nor side effects were observed in any patient. It
      is concluded that prostaglandin E2 gel administered intracervically is
      particularly well suited for the induction of labor in patients with unripe
      cervical status because of its combined contraction-inducing and cervical
      ripening properties.

PMID- 3880878
TI  - Demonstration of heterogeneity in gestational diabetes by a 400-kcal breakfast
      meal tolerance test.
AB  - To evaluate the metabolic basis of gestational glucose intolerance (gestational
      diabetes), the response of normal pregnant women (N=6) and lean (N=23), and obese
      (N=12) gestational diabetics to the physiologic challenge of a 400-kcal mixed
      meal breakfast tolerance test was studied. Obese patients with gestational
      diabetes were more hyperglycemic than the lean gestational diabetics in both the
      fasting and postprandial periods. Women with gestational diabetes had a more
      prolonged glycemic response and a later insulin response to meal stimulation than
      normal control subjects. Fasting and postprandial insulin levels were higher in
      the obese gestational diabetes group, whereas those of lean subjects fell below
      the values of the control group. The percent specific binding of insulin to red
      blood cell receptors was lower in both gestational diabetes groups than in
      control subjects, with the most marked decrease in the obese group. Mean fasting
      plasma levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride and plasma glucagon levels
      during the meal tolerance test were not significantly different among the three
      groups. Obese gestational diabetics had significantly larger infants and
      placentas than lean gestational diabetics. These findings, taken together,
      suggest that the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes differs between obese
      and lean patients. Lean gestational diabetics appear to develop glucose
      intolerance on the basis of relative insulin deficiency in contrast to obese
      gestational diabetics who manifest glucose intolerance characterized by insulin
      resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and decreased insulin binding to red blood cell
      receptors.

PMID- 3880879
TI  - Controlled trial of dexamethasone in respirator-dependent infants with
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
AB  - A randomized trial was conducted of dexamethasone therapy in infants with
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia who were dependent on respirators and were not
      progressing clinically despite conventional treatment. Babies were admitted to
      the study if they had a roentgenogram and clinical diagnosis of bronchopulmonary
      dysplasia, were 2 to 6 weeks in age, weighed less than 1,500 g, had made no
      progress in weaning for the preceding five days, and were free of sepsis, patent
      ductus arteriosus, and congenital heart disease, and had had no intravenous fat
      for at least 24 hours. After parental consent was obtained, infants were randomly
      assigned to control or treatment groups. The study hypothesis was that with
      steroid treatment, babies could be weaned from the respirator within 72 hours and
      would show a significant improvement in lung compliance within that time.
      Sequential analysis exceeded criterion (P less than .05) when seven consecutive
      untied pairs showed weaning with dexamethasone and failure to wean in control
      infants. Pulmonary compliance improved by 64% in the treated group and 5% in the
      control group (P less than .01). No significant intergroup differences were noted
      in mortality, length of hospital stay, sepsis, hypertension, hyperglycemia, or
      electrolyte abnormalities. Study design permits the conclusion that dexamethasone
      can produce substantial short-term improvement in lung function, often permitting
      rapid weaning from the respirator, but long-term efficacy and safety must be
      demonstrated by further investigations.

PMID- 3880880
TI  - Poverty, hunger, malnutrition, prematurity, and infant mortality in the United
      States.

PMID- 3880881
TI  - Phenobarbital and intraventricular hemorrhage.

PMID- 3880882
TI  - Aspiration in intubated premature infants.
AB  - A recent study has shown a 77% incidence of tracheal aspiration in children (mean
      age 13.4 months) who are intubated with uncuffed endotracheal tubes. To determine
      both the incidence of such aspiration among premature infants and whether
      continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has any preventive effect, 20
      tracheally intubated neonates were evaluated for the presence of tracheal
      aspiration of orally placed Evan's blue dye. The overall incidence of aspiration
      was 80%. Eighteen of these infants were tested during both 4 cm and 6 cm H2O
      continuous positive airway pressure, and the incidences of aspiration were 72%
      and 50%, respectively, which is not a statistically significant difference (P
      less than .17). Ten of these 18 patients were also studied when 2 cm H2O was
      applied and 60% aspirated. Among all infants who aspirated, compared with those
      who did not, there was a small but statistically significant decrease in
      transcutaneous PO2 (P less than .05) as well as an increase in respiratory (P
      less than .001) and pulse (P less than .01) rates. It is concluded that
      tracheally intubated neonates frequently aspirate and that clinically useful
      levels of continuous positive airway pressure are not likely to prevent
      aspiration.

PMID- 3880883
TI  - Nutritional proteins in milk and the protein requirement of normal infants.
AB  - All whey proteins in human milk are not absorbed and thus not nutritionally
      available. There is evidence that secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), lactoferrin,
      and lysozyme are resistant to proteolytic action, and the major part of these
      protective proteins is excreted in the infant's stool. An exclusively breast-fed
      infant would thus have a mean intake of 1.3 g of protein per kilogram of body
      weight per day during the first month and about 0.9 g/kg/d during the third
      month. Term infants fed with formulas containing 1.5 g of protein per deciliter
      show metabolic changes that indicate that the infants receive more protein than
      they require for growth; these changes are not seen in breast-fed infants or in
      infants receiving a whey-predominant formula containing only 1.1 g/dL of protein.
      A reevaluation of protein requirement and intake during infancy is suggested.

PMID- 3880884
TI  - Significance of growth modulators in human milk.
AB  - Human milk contains growth modulators of potential clinical importance to the
      neonate. Evidence from animal and cell culture models as well as ancillary
      evidence about their stability and the way some of them are processed for
      secretion suggest they are probably physiologically significant. Their presence
      in human milk does not by itself establish their importance; however, it is
      useful to explore their potential functional roles. Growth modulators present in
      human milk include: EGF, NGF, certain enzymes, and taurine.

PMID- 3880885
TI  - Lipids in milk and the first steps in their digestion.
AB  - Human milk contains 3.0% to 4.5% fat. The fat is contained within membrane
      enclosed milk fat globules. The core of the globules consists of triglycerides
      (98% to 99% of total milk fat) whereas the globule membrane (which originates
      from the mammary secretory cell's Golgi and cell membranes) is composed mainly of
      phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins. Milk fat content and composition change
      during lactation. Whereas the triglyceride level rises, the phospholipid and
      cholesterol concentrations decrease during the transition from colostrum to
      mature milk, resulting in an increase in the size of the milk fat globules.
      Digestion of milk fat depends on the consecutive action of several lipases. The
      first step is the partial hydrolysis of the milk fat globule core by lingual and
      gastric lipases in the stomach. Hydrolysis continues in the duodenum, where the
      bile salt-stimulated lipase of human milk and pancreatic lipase complete the
      process initiated in the stomach.

PMID- 3880887
TI  - Development of food allergies with special reference to cow's milk allergy.
AB  - Using strict criteria, the incidence of cow's milk sensitivity is probably 1% to
      2% during the first 2 years of life. Although there is a wide spectrum of
      sensitivity symptoms caused by cow's milk, two major groups of infants are
      discernible. One group consists of infants who react to small amounts of cow's
      milk within a few minutes up to one hour, usually with gastrointestinal symptoms
      or urticaria. These infants are often atopic and have positive findings on skin
      prick tests and radioallergosorbent test (RAST) reactions to cow's milk
      allergens. The other group consists of children whose reaction to cow's milk
      occurs one hour or longer after intake of cow's milk or cow's milk-based formula.
      These reactions are usually not immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated and different
      immune and nonimmune mechanisms probably cause the symptoms. The risk of
      developing cow's milk sensitivity seems to be influenced by the atopic
      constitution of the infant and the age at which cow's milk is introduced. Early
      exposure to cow's milk increases the risk, not only of adverse reactions to this
      milk but also of developing allergies to other foods. It is suggested that early
      introduction of cow's milk may enhance the risk of future respiratory allergies.
      Allergists are still not in agreement as to whether the weaning process should be
      rapid or should consist of a gradual change from breast milk to cow's milk in
      order to minimize the risk of cow's milk allergy.

PMID- 3880886
TI  - Protective factors in milk and the development of the immune system.
AB  - The neonate is immature in certain immunologic functions. The slow development of
      secretory immunoglobin A (IgA) seems to be compensated by selective transfer of
      secretory IgM into exocrine secretions on mucous membranes during the first few
      months of life. Secretory IgA and secretory IgM antibodies against Escherichia
      coli and poliovirus are already found in the neonate, possibly in response to the
      maternal anti-idiotypic IgG antibodies transplacentally exposing the fetus. Via
      such a mechanism, food antibodies could occur before direct food exposure in the
      infant. Human milk provides large amounts of antibodies (as a crude comparison,
      about 50 times the amount of antibodies given to a patient with
      hypogammaglobulinemia). The milk antibodies, dominated by secretory IgA, protect
      especially against intestinal infections. The milk also contains oligosaccharide
      analogues to epithelial receptors for bacteria. They, as well as a number of milk
      components such as lactoferrin and lysozyme, may contribute to host defense. The
      food antibodies in human milk may influence the infant's immune response to
      foreign food proteins introduced during weaning.

PMID- 3880888
TI  - Is bovine milk a health hazard?
AB  - Whole bovine milk should not be fed to infants during the first year of life
      because of its association with occult gastrointestinal bleeding, iron deficiency
      anemia, and cow's milk allergy. The consumption of whole milk after the first
      year of life should be discouraged because of its potential role in a variety of
      disorders including atherosclerosis, recurrent abdominal pain of childhood,
      cataracts, milk-borne infections, and juvenile delinquency.

PMID- 3880889
TI  - Simian hearts, human concerns.

PMID- 3880890
TI  - Dysfunctional uterine bleeding in ovulatory women.
AB  - Ovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), a disease prevalent in the latter
      half of the reproductive years, is diagnosed when organic causes for bleeding
      have been excluded by clinical, laboratory, and surgical diagnostic means.
      Disordered prostaglandin metabolism within the endometrium explains most cases of
      DUB. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, oral contraceptives, and oral progestin
      are effective medical alternatives for women who wish to retain their uterus or
      to avoid surgery. Hysterectomy is a rapid cure for DUB and is a therapy that is
      acceptable to many, if not most, women.

PMID- 3880891
TI  - Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Implications of clinical trials.

PMID- 3880892
TI  - Animal models of hydrocephalus: recent developments.

PMID- 3880893
TI  - Human granulocyte antigens: current status and biological significance.

PMID- 3880894
TI  - Effect of chronic infusion of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor (ANF 8-33) in
      conscious two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats.
AB  - Conscious two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats were chronically infused during
      7 days with synthetic ANF (8-33) (1 microgram/hr/rat) by means of osmotic
      minipumps. The initial blood pressure of 183 +/- 4 mmHg gradually decreased to
      116 +/- 5 mmHg the last 2 days of infusion. Pressure diuresis returned to normal
      and pressure natriuresis was attenuated. PRA was significantly lower (1.81 +/-
      0.41 AI ng/ml/hr) than in not treated hypertensive rats (8.56 +/- 3.75 AI
      ng/ml/hr). A partial regression in cardiac hypertrophy was observed in the
      treated group. We suggest that the hypotensive response to ANF may be mainly due
      to vasodilatation, but the possibility that the decrease in PRA may play a
      partial role in lowering blood pressure, cannot be excluded.

PMID- 3880895
TI  - Maternal and fetal responses to exercise during pregnancy.
AB  - Exercise has numerous effects on the pregnant woman, the developing fetus, and
      the placenta. In turn, pregnancy affects the ability to perform physical
      activity. During pregnancy, increased metabolism at rest results almost
      exclusively from the gestational increase in mass. Because of this increase, a
      higher cardiorespiratory effort is required to perform a given amount of external
      work. One would expect the result to be some training effect, unless a more
      sedentary lifestyle is adopted. The possibility that maximal O2 consumption may
      increase during pregnancy has not been studied extensively, yet it is a most
      important variable that puts other changes in perspective. The sedentary
      lifestyle commonly adopted in late pregnancy in most western societies may
      reflect a cultural rather than a physiological phenomenon. In contrast to the
      physiological alterations in the mother and despite the reductions in uterine
      blood flow during maternal exercise, physiological changes in the fetus are
      small. Relatively minor changes occur in the blood concentrations of O2 and
      substrates during prolonged exhaustive exercise. In addition, despite a
      temperature increase of 1 to 2 degrees C, there is little evidence for
      significant alteration in fetal metabolism, cardiovascular hemodynamics, or blood
      catecholamine concentrations. These observations suggest that acute exercise
      normally does not represent a major stress for the fetus. Of course, most of the
      information concerning the fetus is derived from studies in experimental animals,
      particularly in sheep. In humans the upright position and increased uterine
      contractibility may affect the fetal responses differently. Virtually nothing is
      known about the physiological effects of exercise training on the fetus. The most
      likely effect may be a relatively small reduction in birth weight in some
      species, but this needs further investigation. Further studies are also needed
      for a more complete understanding of the mechanisms involved in the remarkably
      effective mechanisms that account for the relative homeostasis of the fetus
      during maternal exercise.

PMID- 3880896
TI  - Effect of anoxia on ion distribution in the brain.

PMID- 3880897
TI  - Effects on thermal stress and exercise on blood volume in humans.
AB  - The opening remarks of this review emphasize, somewhat pessimistically, the
      serious disagreements, going back over a hundred years, between different
      investigators regarding effects of exercise and thermal stress on intravascular
      volume. However, the concluding remarks may legitimately assume a more
      optimistic, positive aspect, and a certain degree of order and sense may be
      brought to what had superficially appeared to be the chaos and confusion of
      conflicting observations and conclusions. Krebs and Meyer's (162) "marked
      differences in findings between one investigator and another," and Senay's (245)
      comment 77 years later that "disagreements abound" can now be seen as an
      inevitable consequence of the widely differing experimental protocols and
      procedures that have been adopted. Of particular importance in this respect is
      the failure to standardize conditions before subjects are exposed to thermal
      stress or begin to exercise--notably in terms of posture and environmental
      temperature; both may profoundly influence blood volume responses, quantitatively
      and qualitatively. Then there is subject status; physical fitness, heat
      acclimatization, and dehydration are important factors contributing to the
      variability of individual responses to thermal stress and exercise. With the
      causes of disagreement at least identified, it is now possible to answer the
      question posed in section I: Is thermal- and exercise-induced hemoconcentration
      fact or fantasy? Undeniably it is fact, but only under certain circumstances. For
      example, in resting subjects reduction in blood volume is associated only with
      high environmental temperatures above the upper limit of the prescriptive zone;
      within the upper part of the zone, blood volume commonly increases. If heat
      exposure is preceded by a control period in a cool environment, transient
      hemodilution is generally observed, followed by hemoconcentration after entry
      into the heat as skin temperature rises, cutaneous blood flow increases, and
      sweating begins. Exercise too causes hemoconcentration, but only if the exercise
      is performed in a supine or seated, not in an upright (standing), position. Hence
      cycling is almost always associated with a reduction in plasma volume, as is arm
      exercise and swimming. Bench stepping, walking, and running, on the other hand,
      are associated with an extremely variable intravascular volume response. If
      allowance is made for the reduction in plasma volume that occurs when moving to
      an upright position from a supine or seated position, the initial rapid
      hemoconcentration seen at the onset of cycling exercise is absent with bench
      stepping, walking, and running.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3880898
TI  - Current source-density method and application in cat cerebral cortex:
      investigation of evoked potentials and EEG phenomena.

PMID- 3880899
TI  - Victor von Bruns (1812-1883) and his contributions to plastic and reconstructive
      surgery.
AB  - Victor von Bruns was an active surgeon in Germany during the nineteenth century.
      His work is accompanied by many illustrations, and a selected few are presented
      in this survey. His original contributions to plastic and reconstructive surgery
      are notable, mainly in lip and cheek reconstruction. These are still valid today
      and have been adopted by many plastic surgeons. His books dealt not only with
      plastic surgery, but with almost every surgical event, such as amputation, larynx
      surgery, galvanosurgery, and war surgery. His publications and illustrations give
      an excellent picture of the advances made by him and other plastic surgeons
      during the second half of the nineteenth century, thus making him an important
      contributor to the renaissance of plastic surgery.

PMID- 3880900
TI  - The role of primary bone grafting in complex craniomaxillofacial trauma.
AB  - The role of craniofacial surgical techniques and immediate bone grafting in the
      management of complex craniofacial trauma has been reviewed. Four hundred and one
      patients with complex facial injuries have been treated. Two hundred and forty
      one primary bone and cartilage grafts have been performed in 66 patients. Complex
      facial injuries should be managed by direct exposure, reduction, and fixation of
      all fractures utilizing interfragmentary wiring. Very comminuted or absent bone
      is replaced by immediate bone grafting, producing a stable skeleton without the
      need for external fixation devices. Associated mandibular fractures are managed
      with rigid internal fixation utilizing A-O technique. Results of immediate bone
      grafting have been excellent, and complications are rare. All deformities should
      be corrected, whenever possible, during the initial operation. This one-stage
      reconstruction of even the most complex facial injuries will prevent severe
      postoperative traumatic deformity and disability that may be extremely difficult
      or impossible to correct secondarily.

PMID- 3880901
TI  - Outlet strut fracture of the Bjork-Shiley mitral valve prosthesis.

PMID- 3880902
TI  - Pleomorphic carcinoma of the pancreas: computed-tomographic, sonographic, and
      pathologic findings.
AB  - We present a series of eight cases of pleomorphic carcinoma of the pancreas, an
      uncommon lesion that contains bizarre giant cells and resembles sarcoma
      histologically. To our knowledge, this entity has not been described in the
      radiological literature. Clinical symptoms are similar to those of the usual
      pancreatic ductal cell carcinoma, but at presentation the primary tumor mass is
      usually large, and widespread metastatic disease is present. The most striking
      finding is massive lymphadenopathy, which may mimic lymphoma. A combination of
      clinical history, imaging findings, and results of percutaneous biopsy should
      lead to the proper diagnosis and may help to differentiate this entity from
      others that may affect lymph nodes.

PMID- 3880903
TI  - Solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas.
AB  - Solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas is an uncommon low grade
      malignant tumor histologically distinct from the usual ductal adenocarcinoma and
      amenable to cure by surgical excision. It tends to occur in black women in their
      second or third decade of life and has often been misclassified as nonfunctional
      islet cell tumor or as cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma. Twelve cases were
      reviewed. Sonography and CT of solid and papillary epithelial neoplasms depict a
      well-demarcated mass that can be solid, mixed cystic and solid, or largely
      cystic. The radiologic appearance is dependent on the maintenance of the
      integrity of the neoplasm versus the extent of retrogressive changes that have
      occurred.

PMID- 3880904
TI  - Papillary carcinoma of the pancreas: findings of US and CT.
AB  - Two cases of papillary carcinoma of the pancreas were evaluated by ultrasound and
      CT. The sonographic and CT findings were those of a well-defined oval mass with
      partial cystic change. There was radiologic-pathologic correlation.

PMID- 3880905
TI  - Computer-assisted instruction in radiology.
AB  - We developed an interactive computer system to support various educational uses.
      The system allowed numerous instructors to create lessons or tests in a flexible,
      personalized fashion. As a pilot project, the system was used to develop and
      administer a computer-driven final examination in a didactic radiology course for
      second-year medical students. It was our objective to change the examination into
      an enjoyable experience that would also bring about long-term learning gains. The
      computer added immediate feedback to the testing situation.

PMID- 3880906
TI  - Scrotal masses caused by meconium peritonitis: prenatal sonographic diagnosis.
AB  - Although uncommon, meconium peritonitis can present with a scrotal mass. Usually
      calcified, this mass may be the initial or only sign of meconium peritonitis. We
      detected such a scrotal mass prenatally with ultrasound.

PMID- 3880907
TI  - Congenital pineoblastoma in the newborn: ultrasound evaluation.
AB  - Transfontanelle, real-time ultrasound (US) examinations were performed in two
      newborn infants with congenital pineoblastoma. The tumors were hyperechoic
      relative to the surrounding cerebral tissue. Both were midline lesions that
      abutted on the posterior portion of the third ventricle, causing obstructive
      hydrocephalus. The US findings were correlated with CT, pathologic examination,
      and clinical follow-up study.

PMID- 3880908
TI  - Asymmetric horseshoe kidney in the infant: value of renal nuclear scanning.
AB  - Five infants with an abdominal mass were found to have asymmetric horseshoe
      kidney. In all five, ultrasound and excretory urography were inconclusive; only
      after renal nuclear imaging was the diagnosis confirmed and planned surgery
      cancelled.

PMID- 3880909
TI  - Urinary tract infection in infants and children evaluated by ultrasound.
AB  - Fifty-nine pediatric patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) underwent renal
      ultrasonography, excretory urography, and voiding cystourethrography. The imaging
      procedures were analyzed retrospectively to determine their relative
      effectiveness in detecting abnormalities that might predispose the patient to
      UTI. Voiding cystourethrography provided valuable information, particularly the
      presence or absence of vesicoureteral reflux, that could not be obtained from the
      other procedures. Excretory urography was less specific than ultrasonography in
      the majority of patients, with the exception of those who had renal scarring. The
      authors recommended ultrasonography as the initial imaging procedure in the
      evaluation of children with UTI. When the sonogram is normal, excretory urography
      is not considered necessary, but voiding cystourethrography is thought to be
      essential. If sonography is abnormal, excretory urography and/or other follow-up
      studies are indicated.

PMID- 3880910
TI  - Duplex carotid sonography: criteria for stenosis, accuracy, and pitfalls.
AB  - Both carotid bifurcations were examined in 353 patients over a 20-month interval
      using a combination of real-time and pulsed Doppler ultrasound (duplex scanning).
      Angiographic correlation was available in 72 cases. Stenosis of the internal
      carotid was evaluated using a Doppler input frequency of 5 MHz and a scan angle
      of 60 degrees. A peak frequency shift of less than 3.5 kHz was found to be a sign
      of less than or equal to 30% stenosis; 3.5-4 kHz with moderate turbulence
      suggested 31-50% stenosis, 4-8 kHz 51-90% stenosis, and greater than 8 kHz
      greater than 90% stenosis. Subtotal stenosis (greater than 95%) was manifested by
      a frequency shift of less than 8 kHz, but the waveform was totally distorted.
      Overall accuracy improved from 77% for the first 6 months to 87% for the last 14
      months. For stenosis greater than 50%, sensitivity improved from 82% to 97%
      during this period. Analysis of errors and suggestions for avoiding them are
      presented.

PMID- 3880911
TI  - Tumors of the central nervous system studied by computed tomography and
      ultrasound.
AB  - Intraoperative ultrasound (US) was compared to computed tomography (CT) in 41
      intracranial and 6 spinal cord tumors. The studies correlated closely except for
      primary gliomas. Eight of the 22 primary intracranial gliomas (37%), including 1
      low-grade and 7 anaplastic tumors, were larger and more extensive on US than on
      CT. Margins of non-enhanced primary astrocytomas were shown by US but not CT.
      Four anaplastic tumors (19%) exhibited echogenicity extending beyond the enhanced
      area. In 4 patients an enhanced lesion contained a lucent center which proved to
      be echogenic. Low-grade astrocytomas were relatively homogeneous on US, while
      anaplastic astrocytomas were more inhomogeneous. Cysts could be found in both
      types of astrocytomas and were often small and multiple. The echo pattern was not
      helpful in differentiating metastases from primary tumors, although all of them
      had sharp margins. Sonography of the central nervous system can provide valuable
      information about tumor morphology and margins.

PMID- 3880912
TI  - Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography in the evaluation of
      abdominal aortic aneurysms.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to evaluate abdominal aortic aneurysms
      in 27 patients. The findings were compared retrospectively with CT, ultrasound
      (US), and angiography in 17 cases and prospectively with US in 10 cases. MRI
      identified the renal arteries in all cases, demonstrated involvement at or above
      the origin of the renal arteries in eight patients, and showed extension of the
      aneurysm into the iliac arteries in 12 cases. The outer dimension of the
      aneurysm, the diameter of the residual lumen, and the length of the aneurysm were
      measured easily from the MR images. The measurements of transverse dimension of
      the abdominal aortic aneurysm were similar for MRI, CT, and US. MRI more
      accurately defined extension above the renal arteries and below the aortic
      bifurcation. It is concluded that MRI provides the necessary information for the
      surveillance and preoperative evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

PMID- 3880913
TI  - Blood flow in deep abdominal and pelvic vessels: ultrasonic pulsed-Doppler
      analysis.
AB  - Ultrasonic pulsed-Doppler signals from deep-lying vessels in the normal abdomen
      and pelvis are described. The signal characteristics combine to produce a Doppler
      "signature" that is specific for each vessel. The clinical potential of this
      method of deep flow detection is considered in relation to three areas of Doppler
      signal analysis: first, qualitative indication of the presence, direction, or
      absence of flow in a structure; second, more quantitative description of time
      velocity waveforms and Doppler spectral content; and third, the estimation of
      absolute volume flow. Limitations of these methods for the abdominal signals
      obtained are discussed.

PMID- 3880914
TI  - The junctional parenchymal defect: a sonographic variant of renal anatomy.
AB  - A triangular echogenic area in the upper pole renal parenchyma can be identified
      at times during routine sonography of the right kidney. Thirty such cases are
      presented. Occasionally similar echogenic defects in the parenchyma can be seen
      posteriorly in the lower pole and in the left kidney. These defects in the
      parenchyma result from normal extensions of the renal sinus of kidneys that have
      a distinct division of their upper and lower poles. This is due to partial fusion
      of two embryonic parenchymatous masses called renunculi. The defects in the
      parenchyma occur at the junction of the renunculi; hence we have termed them
      junctional parenchymal defects. In order to differentiate them from pathologic
      conditions, one must identify their characteristic location and demonstrate
      continuity with the renal sinus.

PMID- 3880915
TI  - Use of femur length/abdominal circumference ratio in detecting the macrosomic
      fetus.
AB  - The femur length/abdominal circumference ratio, expressed as FL/AC X 100, was
      determined in 156 fetuses and evaluated as a predictor of fetal macrosomia within
      one week prior to delivery. The normal range (mean +/- 2 SD) in the 105 normal
      weight fetuses was 22.0 +/- 2, while the normal range in the 51 macrosomic
      fetuses was 20.5 +/- 2; these differences were highly significant (P = less than
      .0001). The predictive power of a positive ratio was 68%, with a sensitivity of
      63%. This ratio was particularly useful in the subset (n = 9) of macrosomic
      fetuses whose mothers were diabetic, correctly identifying 89% of this group.
      Because it is age independent, this ratio should prove most helpful in
      identifying fetuses at risk for macrosomia in patients whose dates are not known,
      since it may become abnormal before the fetal weight falls above the 90th
      percentile at term (3,900 g). In patients whose dates are known, early fetal
      macrosomia is best predicted by evaluating the abdominal circumference against
      normal standards for age.

PMID- 3880916
TI  - Pseudoaneurysm detection with Tc-99m-labeled red blood cells.
AB  - A technique for the noninvasive diagnosis of pseudoaneurysms is described. This
      method employs in vivo labeling of red blood cells with Tc-99m to allow better
      delineation of the vascular anatomy than standard radionuclide angiography. Four
      cases are illustrated.

PMID- 3880917
TI  - Peripartum cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3880918
TI  - Relation between eosinophilia and endomyocardial disease.

PMID- 3880919
TI  - Diabetic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Diabetes mellitus is associated with a specific cardiomyopathy. This is evident
      from the clinical-pathological work and the epidemiologic data from the
      Framingham study. Noninvasive studies of diabetics have shown alterations in
      systolic and diastolic function that may ultimately lead to clinical heart
      failure. The relationship of these cardiac changes to the type of diabetes, its
      duration, and its severity is not settled. However, a correlation between changes
      in heart function and other complications of diabetes has been demonstrated.
      Insufficient prospective data is available from noninvasive studies to establish
      the frequency of progression from subclinical cardiac dysfunction to overt
      congestive failure. The pathogenesis of this disorder is still uncertain.
      Pathological studies have shown changes in the intramural arteries, arterioles,
      and capillaries but their functional significance is uncertain. Experimental
      studies have shown interstitial changes leading to an apparently less compliant
      left ventricle in the diabetic dog and monkey. In the diabetic rat reversible
      changes were found in myocardial function, related to changes in contractile
      proteins and intracellular calcium metabolism. In both species, the response to
      anoxia or ischemia was altered in the presence of diabetes. However, irreversible
      depression of the contractile element was not found in most animal studies of
      isolated diabetes. In contrast, the combination of hypertension and diabetes
      leads to substantial cardiac damage and circulatory congestion, both in clinical
      and experimental investigations. Clearly much more work must be carried out to
      understand the pathogenesis, treatment, and ultimately the prevention of diabetic
      cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3880920
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum malaria: band 3 as a possible receptor during invasion of
      human erythrocytes.
AB  - Human erythrocyte band 3, a major membrane-spanning protein, was purified and
      incorporated into liposomes. These liposomes, at nanomolar concentrations of
      protein, inhibited invasion of human erythrocytes in vitro by the malaria
      parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Liposomes containing human band 3 were ten times
      more effective in inhibiting invasion than those with pig band 3 and six times
      more effective than liposomes containing human erythrocyte glycophorin. Liposomes
      alone or liposomes containing erythrocyte glycolipids did not inhibit invasion.
      These results suggest that band 3 participates in the invasion process in a step
      involving a specific, high-affinity interaction between band 3 and some component
      of the parasite.

PMID- 3880921
TI  - Young plans management reforms at FDA.

PMID- 3880922
TI  - Hernandulcin: an intensely sweet compound discovered by review of ancient
      literature.
AB  - Ancient Mexican botanical literature was systematically searched for new plant
      sources of intensely sweet substances. Lippia dulcis Trev., a sweet plant,
      emerged as a candidate for fractionation studies, and hernandulcin, a
      sesquiterpene, was isolated and judged by a human taste panel as more than 1000
      times sweeter than sucrose. The structure of the sesquiterpene was determined
      spectroscopically and confirmed by chemical synthesis. Hernandulcin was nontoxic
      when administered orally to mice, and it did not induce bacterial mutation.

PMID- 3880923
TI  - Complete development of hepatic stages of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro.
AB  - An in vitro model was developed to study the hepatic phase of Plasmodium
      falciparum, the only malaria parasite lethal to man. Primary cultures of human
      hepatocytes were inoculated with sporozoites of Brazilian and African strains of
      P. falciparum. On days 1 through 7 after inoculation examination of fluorescence
      labeled and Giemsa-stained preparations demonstrated the presence of many
      intracellular parasites. In three separate sets of experiments all cultures were
      found to be infected with as many as 650 liver schizonts measuring up to 40
      micrometers. After the addition of red blood cells, intraerythrocytic forms of P.
      falciparum were detected on days 12 and 13 by an immunofluorescence assay,
      indicating that the hepatic cycle had been completed in vitro.

PMID- 3880924
TI  - Gene therapy: research in public.

PMID- 3880925
TI  - Isolation, experimental transmission, and characterization of causative agent of
      Potomac horse fever.
AB  - Potomac horse fever, a disease characterized by fever, anorexia, leukopenia, and
      occasional diarrhea, is fatal in approximately 30 percent of affected animals.
      The seasonal occurrence of the disease (June to October) and evidence of
      antibodies to the rickettsia Ehrlichia sennetsu in the serum of convalescing
      horses suggested that a related rickettsia might be the causative agent. Such an
      agent was isolated in cultured blood monocytes from an experimentally infected
      pony. This intracytoplasmic organism was adapted to growth in primary cultures of
      canine blood monocytes. A healthy pony inoculated with these infected monocytes
      also developed the disease. The organism was reisolated from this animal which,
      at autopsy, had pathological manifestations typical of Potomac horse fever. Cross
      serologic reactions between the newly isolated agent and antisera to 15
      rickettsiae revealed that it is related to certain members of the genus
      Ehrlichia, particularly to Ehrlichia sennetsu. Since the disease occurs in other
      parts of the United States as well as in the vicinity of the Potomac River, and
      since it has also been reported in Europe, the name equine monocytic ehrlichiosis
      is proposed as being more descriptive.

PMID- 3880926
TI  - The saturnine curse: a history of lead poisoning.

PMID- 3880927
TI  - Group B streptococcal cellulitis.
AB  - We have described a 2-week-old infant with cellulitis in the left submandibular
      region due to beta hemolytic Streptococcus, group B, and presented 16 additional
      cases compiled from the literature.

PMID- 3880928
TI  - Comparison of impedance plethysmography with ascending venography for the
      diagnosis of proximal deep-vein thrombosis.
AB  - In a series of 56 patients with proximal lower-limb deep-vein thrombosis (DVT)
      diagnosed on ascending venography, impedance plethysmography (IPG) and Doppler
      ultrasound examinations were performed and the results compared. Both IPG and
      Doppler ultrasonography were highly sensitive for the diagnosis of proximal
      occlusive DVT, but considerably less sensitive for the potentially more dangerous
      proximal non-occlusive thrombosis. If, in the presence of clinically suspected
      DVT, these non-invasive investigations are both negative, ascending venography
      remains essential.

PMID- 3880929
TI  - Simple ureteroceles--ultrasonographic recognition and diagnosis of complications.
AB  - Ultrasound scans were performed on 6 adult males with simple ureteroceles, 2 of
      which were detected on primary scanning of patients in renal failure and 4 after
      excretory urography. Two complications were also detected--obstruction with hydro
      ureter formation and tumour formation in a ureterocele. A scheme is proposed for
      differentiating ureteroceles from other causes of bladder filling defects using
      ultrasound examination.

PMID- 3880930
TI  - Monoclonal mouse anti-HBs and ELISA.

PMID- 3880932
TI  - Short-term asynchronous ventilation and differential positive end-expiratory
      pressure in the treatment of aspiration pneumonia. A case report.
AB  - Synchronous and asynchronous differential lung ventilation, with or without the
      application of selective positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), has been
      described. Short-term asynchronous ventilation with differential PEEP as a
      treatment modality for unilateral lung disease has not been well documented. We
      report on a 43-year-old accident victim with multiple trauma who developed a
      severe left-sided aspiration pneumonia which failed to respond to conventional
      therapy including the application of PEEP. A left-sided double-lumen endotracheal
      tube was passed and 15 cm and 5 cm H2O PEEP was applied to the left and right
      lungs respectively. Asynchronous ventilation using two Ambu bags coupled with
      vigorous physiotherapy and endobronchial suctioning for 40 minutes resulted in a
      dramatic improvement in both the appearance on chest radiography and arterial
      blood gas values.

PMID- 3880931
TI  - Exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may incur exercise
      limitation by any one or combination of disturbances in breathing mechanics,
      oxygen transport, respiratory muscle metabolism or respiratory regulation and
      sensation. In spite of the increased ventilation demand/capacity ratio in these
      patients, the relationship between breathing mechanics, respiratory muscle
      fatigue, the adequacy of alveolar ventilation and the development of exertional
      dyspnoea is neither clearly defined nor predictable from data obtained with the
      patient at rest. The issue of oxygen transport during exercise has been
      complicated by confusion between arterial hypoxia and inadequate volume of oxygen
      transported to the tissues, which frequently may differ qualitatively and
      quantitatively. The cardiac output response to exercise in patients with COPD is
      therefore critical in determining oxygen transport. This response is also
      impossible to predict from resting lung mechanics, pulmonary arterial blood
      pressure, arterial oxygen tension or clinical disease profile. Without exercise
      testing, which includes measurement of all the variables mentioned, it is
      impossible to define clearly the cause of exercise-induced symptoms in patients
      with COPD. Exercise training with and without supplemental oxygen has been shown
      to improve exercise tolerance in these patients, but the precise mechanism of
      this improvement remains obscure.

PMID- 3880934
TI  - Frank B. Walsh, M.D. The father of neuroophthalmology.

PMID- 3880933
TI  - Chymopapain.

PMID- 3880935
TI  - Guy Lazorthes.

PMID- 3880936
TI  - Laboratory evaluation of four techniques of stapled gastroplasty.
AB  - Four techniques of stapled gastroplasty including unreinforced horizontal
      gastroplasty (UHG), suture-reinforced horizontal gastroplasty (SHG), Marlex
      banded horizontal gastroplasty (HBG), and Marlex banded vertical gastroplasty
      (VBG) were studied in mongrel dogs. Twelve dogs survived operations by each
      technique and were killed in groups of four at 3, 6, and 12 weeks after
      operation. Five deaths caused by leaks occurred after UHG (one), SHG (one), and
      HBG (three). Disruption of the staple line occurred after UHG (four), HBG (one),
      and VBG (three). Mean stomal diameter at death for UHG (2.1 cm) and SHG (1.5 cm)
      was substantially greater than the initial diameter of 0.9 cm. Mean stomal
      diameter at death for HBG (1.4 cm) and VBG (1.3 cm) was only slightly larger than
      the initial diameter of 1.2 cm. There was no correlation between the degree of
      stomal dilatation and time of death. There was no evidence of erosion of Marlex
      through the gastric wall in dogs that survived to the time of death. These data
      suggest that stomal reinforcement with Marlex mesh effectively limits dilatation
      and is safe when sutured to itself rather than to the stomach. Reinforcement of
      the stapled partition with sutures may be necessary to eliminate staple-line
      disruption.

PMID- 3880937
TI  - Intersecting staple lines in intestinal anastomoses.
AB  - With the wide application of the stapling instruments in thoracic and general
      surgery, a number of techniques have been introduced that involve intersecting
      staple lines. If these simply involve two applications of the liner staplers (TA
      series), the problem is only one of the effect of the intersection on the
      circulation, particularly at the corner. With the GIA linear anastomotic
      instruments or the EEA circular anastomotic instrument, the question arises as to
      the integrity of the staple line that is cut through by the knives in these
      instruments. A large experience here and abroad attests to the safety of the TA
      intersecting lines in intestine and lung, presumably because the circulation
      continues through the staple line. The use of the circular anastomosing
      instrument, EEA, across linear staple lines has been spreading clinically with
      good reports. Studies were undertaken in dogs of the fate of the TA staple lines
      when the EEA stapler was used for rectal resection or for a Billroth I
      gastroduodenal reconstruction. In 20 rectal anastomoses and 10 Billroth I
      reconstructions, there were no leaks, dehiscences, or evidences of failure,
      whether the EEA transsected the linear staple line once or twice. Most frequently
      the knife bent the intersected staple and transferred it to the doughnut that was
      removed. Much less frequently a staple was cleanly transsected by the knife, and
      only twice did we see no evidence of damage to the staples in the TA line.

PMID- 3880938
TI  - [Pathogenesis of radiation-induced leukemia and its significance for the
      pathogenesis of spontaneously occurring leukemias].

PMID- 3880939
TI  - [Mechanisms of radiation-induced carcinogenesis: cell biological aspects and
      animal experimental studies].

PMID- 3880940
TI  - [Certainties and hypotheses in the field of radiation genetics].

PMID- 3880941
TI  - [Biological radiation damage and its repair].

PMID- 3880942
TI  - Beneficial physiologic effects of ionizing radiation.

PMID- 3880943
TI  - Thyroid cancer after exposure to radioiodine.

PMID- 3880944
TI  - [Acute and temporary reaction of mouse bone marrow cells following in vivo
      exposure to very small doses of gamma rays].

PMID- 3880945
TI  - Progress review: the relationship between dose of aspirin, side-effects and
      antithrombotic effectiveness.

PMID- 3880946
TI  - Reduction of serum prostacyclin stability in ischemic stroke.
AB  - Prostacyclin is a powerful vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation that
      has been implicated to play a role in cerebrovascular disease. Prostacyclin is
      unstable in aqueous solution and stabilized in serum by binding to an
      unidentified serum protein as measured by gel filtration. In 15 patients with
      ischemic stroke we measured the serum prostacyclin binding capacity and the rate
      of degradation of exogenously added prostacyclin. There was a significant
      reduction in serum prostacyclin binding capacity and a significant increase in
      rate of degradation in the patients with ischemic stroke as a whole compared to
      controls, and in patients with persistent deficits. Decreased serum prostacyclin
      binding capacity and accelerated rate of prostacyclin degradation in vitro, may
      reflect an accelerated rate in vivo of prostacyclin degradation, thereby
      increasing susceptibility to stroke. Since only a small number of patients were
      investigated, the findings are of a preliminary nature and must be confirmed by
      further studies with large numbers of patients and appropriate patient controls.

PMID- 3880947
TI  - Impact of digital subtraction angiography on carotid evaluation.
AB  - Impact of digital subtraction angiography by intravenous injection (DSAV) was
      examined in a private neurology clinic. In the evaluation of threatened stroke,
      advent of DSAV was associated with reduced use of both traditional noninvasive
      tests (from 100% of patients to 36%), and conventional arteriograms (from 29% to
      4%). Less compelling indications were often prescreened with noninvasive tests;
      more compelling symptoms usually had initial DSAV. Conventional arteriograms were
      done for compelling indications and negative or inadequate DSAV. The average cost
      of evaluation was increased slightly in patients treated medically and reduced
      greatly in those having surgery. While cost and convenience might support such
      utilization, issues of quality of evaluation require consideration.

PMID- 3880948
TI  - Cognitive-behavioral and pharmaceutical approaches to sensory pain management.

PMID- 3880949
TI  - Sensory alterations in alcohol abuse.

PMID- 3880950
TI  - Senile ptosis II--posterior approach and complications.
AB  - A posterior approach repair of aponeurotic defects is described and the results
      in 55 cases reviewed. The complications of surgery for senile (involutional)
      ptosis are discussed.

PMID- 3880951
TI  - Senile ptosis.
AB  - Senile ptosis, a slowly progressive form of acquired ptosis, is discussed in
      general terms. The conjunctival (or posterior) surgical approach is described in
      relation to the author's concept of the anatomy of the elevation of the upper
      lid.

PMID- 3880952
TI  - An introductory review of refractive keratoplasty.

PMID- 3880953
TI  - Evolution of radial keratotomy for myopia.
AB  - The basic principles of radial keratotomy for myopia were described in 1898:
      radial incisions flatten the cornea in the direction of the incision, deep
      incisions were more effective, and some of the result diminished as the cornea
      healed. Since then the surgical procedure has undergone evolution and refinement,
      with changes now occurring rapidly. The acronym STEPS provides a useful guide in
      evaluating the operation: safety, technique of surgery, efficacy, predictability,
      stability, and each of these subjects will be discussed.

PMID- 3880954
TI  - Refractive surgery for aphakia and myopia.
AB  - Epikeratophakia is a simple and reversible form of refractive surgery for the
      correction of aphakia and myopia and for the treatment of keratoconus,
      perforation and pterygium. The tissue lenses are attached to the de
      epithelialised cornea; no invasion of the central optical zone is required. The
      safety of this procedure makes it a potential solution to the problem of optical
      correction in infants and children with congenital and traumatic cataracts. With
      the advent of commercially prepared tissue lenses, this surgery should become
      accessible to many ophthalmic surgeons. In the future, the combination of
      epikeratophakia and alloplastic lenses may provide high plus powers and
      exchangeable dioptric corrections, if a plastic can be found that the cornea will
      tolerate on a long-term basis.

PMID- 3880955
TI  - Keratomileusis, keratophakia and keratokyphosis.
AB  - Using cryo-refractive corneal surgery, it is not yet possible to attain a post
      operative visual acuity corresponding to that achieved with a contact lens. This
      is due to the tissue changes caused by the cryoprocess as well as to the
      interlamellar corneal scar. A description is given of keratokyphosis, a procedure
      by means of which the outer radius of the cornea can be altered without having to
      freeze the corneal stroma. The principle of the surgical technique consists of
      the removal of centrally thinned corneal discs from the patient's eye using a
      newly developed microkeratome. Subsequent suturing in of a donor corneal lamella
      leads to a protrusion of the corneal surface and thus to an alteration of the
      refractive power.

PMID- 3880956
TI  - Long-term prolongation of cardiac allografts by subtherapeutic levels of
      cyclosporine in rats conditioned with pretransplant blood transfusions and
      cyclosporine.
AB  - This study was aimed at ascertaining whether long-term graft survival was
      achievable with short term cyclosporine (CsA) therapy or with subtherapeutic
      doses of CsA in rats conditioned with blood transfusions (BT) combined with CsA.
      Previous studies had shown that donor-specific transfusions combined with a short
      course of CsA interacted synergistically, resulting in considerable prolongations
      of ACI and BUF grafts in LEW hosts receiving no postoperative treatment. The
      donor-specific depression of alloreactivity was confirmed in the present study by
      showing a depression of mixed-lymphocyte reaction (MLR) reactivity as well as of
      humoral antidonor responses in BT-CsA conditioned rats. The effects of
      postoperative CsA were then studied in recipients conditioned with BT-CsA or BT
      alone. ACI and BUF cardiac graft survival in LEW hosts conditioned with BT and
      treated with a five-day postoperative course of CsA (20 mg/kg/day) were
      indistinguishable from graft survival in untransfused hosts (ACI: 35.6 +/- 15.5
      vs. 38.8 +/- 7.4; BUF: 58.4 +/- 39.8 vs. 48.0 +/- 21.7) indicating no interaction
      between BT and CsA under these conditions. In contrast, the effect of a post
      operative five-day course of CsA (10 mg/kg/day) was extended by conditioning the
      recipients with donor-specific BT and CsA (ACI:41.7 +/- 7.0 vs. 27.4 +/- 11.6; P
      less than 0.05). More remarkably, a thirty-day course of subtherapeutic doses of
      CsA (2.5 mg/kg/day) resulted in long-term prolongation (greater than 100 days) of
      ACI grafts in a large proportion of hosts conditioned with donor-specific BT and
      CsA, while the majority of controls conditioned with nonspecific BT and CsA or
      CsA alone rejected their grafts within three weeks (P less than 0.01). The
      possible mechanisms of this phenomenon are discussed.

PMID- 3880957
TI  - Evidence that pluripotential stem cells form splenic colonies in humans after
      marrow transplantation.

PMID- 3880958
TI  - Inhibition of prednisolone metabolism by cyclosporine in kidney-transplanted
      patients.

PMID- 3880959
TI  - ABO-autoimmune hemolytic anemia following renal allograft.

PMID- 3880960
TI  - Malignant disease in renal transplant patients.
AB  - The incidence of malignant disease (renal cancer and skin cancer excluded) was
      analyzed in 934 renal transplant patients from one center, transplanted between
      1965 and 1981, and followed through 1983. National Cancer Registry data were used
      for statistical comparison. Cancers of the lip, vulva, and anus and malignant
      lymphomas were heavily overrepresented. Other types of malignancy did not occur
      with increased frequency, with the exception of a possibly incidental finding of
      a 5-fold increase in colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3880961
TI  - HNK-1+ (Leu-7) and other lymphocyte subsets in long-term survivors with renal
      allotransplants.
AB  - At 5 or more years after renal transplantation, 42 patients were studied for
      their lymphocyte subsets to Leu-1, Leu-2, Leu-3, and Leu-7. It was found that, in
      this group of patients who ranged from 25 to 60 years of age, there was a
      significant decrease in the number of T helper cells and a decrease in the
      absolute level of T lymphocytes, with no significant change in the number of T
      suppressor cells. On a relative basis, the helper/suppressor ratio was decreased
      in patients when compared with normal persons. This was due to an increase in the
      relative numbers of suppressor cells. It was demonstrated that the Leu-7+ subset,
      which marks the NK population, was significantly elevated, in relative
      proportion, in peripheral blood when compared with controls. This was not seen on
      an absolute basis. The age-dependence of the relative numbers of Leu-7+ cells was
      seen in the normal control population and in the transplant cohort. There was no
      significant correlation between lymphocyte subset measurements and delayed-type
      hypersensitivity skin tests in the transplant population. A finding of interest
      is that 6 of the patients who had been treated for malignant disease during their
      posttransplant course had significantly higher numbers of Leu-7+ cells on a
      relative basis. In 5 of these patients, for whom data was available on absolute
      numbers, there was also a highly significant difference in the absolute numbers
      of Leu-7+ cells in these treated and surviving allograft recipients. It is
      speculated that this finding may suggest that an increase in Leu-7+ cells marks
      posttransplant patients who have a successful outcome following the treatment of
      malignancy, for which they are at increased risk.

PMID- 3880962
TI  - Cellular interactions in marrow-grafted patients. III. Normal interleukin 1 and
      defective interleukin 2 production in short-term patients and in those with
      chronic graft-versus-host disease.
AB  - Peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (cells of marrow donor origin) from 89
      patients were collected at various times after allogeneic marrow transplantation,
      stimulated in vitro by phytohemagglutinin, and assayed for the production of
      interleukin 2 (IL-2). This was done by testing culture supernatants for their
      ability to induce proliferation of human lymphoblasts and/or IL-2-dependent
      cultured murine cytotoxic cells. Supernatants from cultures of patient cells were
      compared with those of marrow donor cells. Supernatants produced by cells from
      most short-term marrow recipients (30-101 days postgrafting), regardless of the
      presence or absence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and those from
      most long-term patients with chronic GVHD (103-1932 days postgrafting) had
      significantly lower-than-normal IL-2 activity, whereas cells from most long-term
      marrow recipients without GVHD (353-1934 days postgrafting) had essentially
      normal IL-2 activity. Additionally, we tested the ability of monocytes from 35
      marrow recipients to produce interleukin 1 (IL-1) in response to
      lipopolysaccharide as compared with monocytes from marrow donors or normal
      unrelated individuals. IL-1 activity in culture supernatants of patient cells,
      regardless of the time of testing after marrow grafting and the status of GVHD,
      was found not to differ from that in supernatants of normal cells. These findings
      suggest that impaired T cell functions seen in some (but not all) marrow
      recipients are probably not due to IL-1 but to IL-2 deficiency or to the
      mechanism that causes IL-2 deficiency.

PMID- 3880963
TI  - Recurrence of diabetic nodular glomerulosclerosis in a renal transplant.
AB  - A 36-year-old woman with a 26-year history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
      developed chronic renal failure in 1974 and was started on dialysis. She received
      a kidney transplant from her HLA-identical brother. Her HLA typing showed the
      following antigens: A1, A28, B8, B12 (44), BW4, BW6 DR3, and DR4. Nephrectomy
      performed prior to transplantation showed advanced diffuse diabetic
      glomerulosclerosis. Her postoperative course was relatively uncomplicated, but
      within the next seven years she gradually developed symptoms of deteriorating
      renal function and hypertension. Two years later, a renal arteriogram showed 90%
      stenosis of the main renal artery. Biopsy of the kidney was obtained during
      surgical repair of this lesion and showed diffuse nodular diabetic
      glomerulosclerosis. Since the B8/DR3 form of diabetes is reported to have a
      predilection for diabetic microangiopathy and vascular complications, we are
      speculating that the patient's antigenic composition might have enhanced the
      recurrence of the diabetic lesions in the transplanted kidney.

PMID- 3880964
TI  - Prospective DR matching for first cadaver donor renal allografts and
      retransplantation.
AB  - From January 1981 through 1983 80 cadaver donor renal allografts were
      transplanted at a single center utilizing prospective HLA-DR matching. All
      patients received at least two blood transfusions prior to transplantation. One
      year actual allograft survival of 77% for initial grafts and 57% for
      retransplantation was observed. When there was no DR mismatch the results were
      84% and 80% respectively. Only 6% of no-DR-mismatch initial grafts were lost to
      rejection or patient death. These significantly better results were associated
      with decreased incidence of acute rejection episodes with transplants well
      matched for DR. Matching for A and B locus antigens conveyed no benefits in this
      series. Use of prospective DR matching for donor/recipient selection also
      resulted in efficient transplantation. Patients receiving initial grafts waited
      an average of 3.9 months while retransplanted patients waited an average of 13.5
      months after being entered on the waiting list. The data suggest that if all
      transplant centers would preferentially share kidneys regionally on the basis of
      DR matching, nearly all patients could receive timely allografts with no DR
      mismatch and good results at one year with conventional immunosuppressive
      therapy.

PMID- 3880965
TI  - Suppression of renal allograft rejection in the rat by class I antigens on
      purified erythrocytes.
AB  - In the rat a single i.v. injection of donor whole blood (0.5 ml) 7 days before a
      renal allograft leads to complete suppression of rejection and permanent
      acceptance of the graft in DA(RT1a)-to-LEW(RT1(1], LEW-to-DA, and (DA X LEW)F1-to
      DA combinations. This effect is donor-specific. Purified erythrocyte preparations
      were used for pretreatment (8 X 10(9) erythrocytes) 7 days before transplantation
      in the same strain combinations. The contamination by leukocytes was 1300 per 8 X
      10(9) erythrocytes after one method of preparation, but only 1.3 per 8 X 10(9)
      erythrocytes after further purification by affinity chromatography. Both
      preparations of purified erythrocytes were able to suppress rejection and induce
      permanent acceptance of an allograft. The role of contaminating leukocytes in the
      first preparation was further excluded by pretreating rats with 1300 lymphocytes,
      but in these animals allografts were rejected in the normal fashion. The effect
      of the erythrocyte pretreatment was donor-specific, dose-dependent, only
      effective if given by the i.v. route, and not effective if given less than 7 days
      before transplantation. Furthermore neither lymphocytotoxic nor erythrocyte
      binding antibody could be detected in rats pretreated with purified erythrocytes.
      These experiments show convincingly that, in the rat--in the strain combinations
      tested--pretreatment with erythrocytes, that express cell surface class I MHC
      antigens, but not class II products, can induce specific suppression of rejection
      of a renal allograft.

PMID- 3880967
TI  - Intrasplenic fetal rat hepatic tissue isotransplantation.

PMID- 3880966
TI  - Urine immunoreactive thromboxane B2 in rat cardiac allograft rejection.
AB  - Increases in urinary excretion of immunoreactive thromboxane B2 (i-TXB2), the
      stable break-down product of thromboxane A2, have been described in kidney
      allograft rejection in patients. We investigated these findings by monitoring
      daily urine i-TXB2 excretion in a heterotopic cardiac allograft rat model using
      Lewis rats as recipients. In order to obtain differences in allograft survival, a
      donor was used that was either ACI or LewisxBrown Norway F1 (LxB-NF1). The ACI-to
      Lewis model rejected on day 6.2 +/- 0.2 (n = 6). The LxB-NF1-to-Lewis model
      received, in addition, azathioprine (5 mg/kg/daily) and rejected on day 9.1 +/-
      0.8 (n = 9). Urinary i-TXB2 excretion increased significantly in both groups,
      compared with i-TXB2 values measured following sham surgery or isograft
      transplantation. Thus increases in urinary i-TXB2 appear to be associated with
      cardiac allograft rejection.

PMID- 3880968
TI  - Preoperative total-lymphoid irradiation, splenectomy, and postoperative
      cyclosporine in the rat cardiac heterograft model.

PMID- 3880969
TI  - Heart allograft survival in outbred dogs treated with procarbazine hydrochloride
      and antithymocyte globulin.

PMID- 3880970
TI  - Decreased graft-versus-host reaction and T cell cytolytic potential of beige
      mice.

PMID- 3880971
TI  - Long-term evaluation of isolated syngeneic hepatocytes transplanted into the
      normal rat spleen by TC-99M-HIDA scintigraphy.

PMID- 3880972
TI  - A description of cuff techniques for renal transplantation in the rat. Use in
      studies of tolerance induction during combined liver grafting.

PMID- 3880973
TI  - Graft-versus-host-disease-like histopathological findings in pre-bone-marrow
      transplantation biopsies of patients with severe T cell deficiency.

PMID- 3880974
TI  - Stenting techniques.

PMID- 3880975
TI  - Trauma of occult hydronephrotic kidney.
AB  - The occult unilateral hydronephrotic kidney is often discovered during the
      genitourinary evaluation of patients sustaining blunt abdominal trauma. Few cases
      have been reported documenting the angiographic, computerized tomography (CT),
      and ultrasound appearances. Two cases are described which demonstrate that
      relatively minor trauma can precipitate hematuria and hypovolemic shock.
      Angiography demonstrated the bleeding site in both cases and was utilized in
      conjunction with other parameters of clinical assessment to plan initial
      management. CT and ultrasound proved to be useful noninvasive diagnostic
      parameters for baseline and follow-up studies in patients undergoing conservative
      management. They accurately demonstrated the degree of hydronephrosis, residual
      renal parenchymal, and resolving hematoma.

PMID- 3880976
TI  - Case profile: cystitis emphysematosa.

PMID- 3880977
TI  - Women in urology: a splash in the pan.

PMID- 3880978
TI  - Interferon-induced protein Mx accumulates in nuclei of mouse cells expressing
      resistance to influenza viruses.
AB  - In mouse cells carrying the dominant influenza resistance allele Mx+ (but not in
      Mx- cells) interferon-alpha/beta (IFN) induces an efficient antiviral state
      against influenza viruses and, concomitantly, the synthesis of a 75,000-Da
      protein (protein Mx). Here, indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal
      antibodies was used to demonstrate that protein Mx accumulates in the nucleus of
      IFN-treated Mx+ cells, suggesting a nuclear site of action. Protein Mx is present
      in the nucleus of untreated influenza virus-resistant macrophages freshly
      explanted from the peritoneal cavity of Mx+ mice but is lost with time in culture
      when peritoneal macrophages become permissive for influenza virus.

PMID- 3880979
TI  - Alterations of the bacteriophage T7 and T3 DNA packaging pathway in Escherichia
      coli mutant TSN B.
AB  - Data previously obtained indicate that, during assembly of the related
      bacteriophages T7 and T3, a DNA-free procapsid (capsid I) is produced and that
      subsequently capsid I: (1) binds to a longer than mature (concatemeric) DNA and
      then becomes structurally altered to a particle isolated as a capsid (capsid II)
      physically resembling the mature bacteriophage capsid more than the procapsid
      (initiation phase of packaging), (2) draws DNA to its interior (entry phase of
      packaging), (3) participates in cutting the concatemeric DNA to mature size. It
      was found that, after infection of Escherichia coli mutant tsnB (selected for a
      deficiency in plating T7; M. Chamberlin [1974], J. Virol. 14, 509-516), T7 and T3
      capsid I is assembled at a rate not significantly different from its rate of
      assembly in the wild-type host. However, the conversion of capsid I to capsid II
      was slowed in E. coli tsnB, suggesting that the tsnB mutation interferes with the
      initiation of DNA packaging. Although some T3 and T7 DNA enters capsids and is
      cut to mature size in the tsnB mutant, the data further suggest that the entry
      rate of DNA into capsid II is lower in the tsnB mutant than it is in an unaltered
      host. T7 capsid II-concatemeric DNA complexes accumulate during infection of the
      tsnB mutant. These observations suggest that use of the tsnB mutant as a host
      will simplify studies of bacteriophage T7 and T3 DNA packaging.

PMID- 3880980
TI  - Morphogenesis of the brain in staged rhesus monkey embryos.

PMID- 3880981
TI  - Hepatic cysts: treatment with alcohol.
AB  - Six patients with hepatic cysts were successfully treated with percutaneous
      aspiration and temporary direct injection of sterile alcohol U.S.P. (95% ethanol)
      into the cyst cavities through an aspiration catheter. Five cysts were treated
      percutaneously using sonographic guidance, and one cyst was treated under direct
      vision during a cholecystectomy. It is ideal to treat with 25% replacement volume
      of alcohol. The larger cysts may require more than one alcohol treatment at the
      same sitting to be effective. There was no recurrence of the treated cysts on
      follow-up examinations of 6-18 months. Minor complications of transient pain,
      temperature elevation, and hemorrhage into a cyst occurred. No major
      complications were encountered. The results of this series would indicate that
      aspiration and injection of alcohol is the treatment of choice for symptomatic
      congenital hepatic cysts.

PMID- 3880982
TI  - Needle aspiration biopsy in cystic papillary carcinoma of the thyroid.
AB  - The records of 11 patients with cystic papillary carcinoma of the thyroid who had
      undergone preoperative sonography and fine-needle aspiration biopsy were
      retrospectively reviewed. The lesions varied from 1.5 to 5 cm in diameter. In
      only six (55%) of the 11 patients was the correct diagnosis made preoperatively.
      In the other 45%, the lesion was initially misdiagnosed as a benign or
      hemorrhagic cyst. These data indicate that needle aspiration often yields false
      negative results in patients with cystic papillary carcinoma. All patients
      diagnosed on sonography and fine-needle aspiration as having benign cysts should
      have continued clinical follow-up. If lesions do not disappear either clinically
      or by sonography, a more aggressive approach should be taken.

PMID- 3880983
TI  - Sonographic detection of rotator cuff tears.
AB  - Thirty-nine consecutive patients referred for shoulder arthrography underwent
      shoulder sonography to determine the ability of sonography to detect rotator cuff
      tears. Fifteen patients had arthrographically proven rotator cuff tears. Of
      these, 14 were detected by sonography, for a sensitivity of 93%. The three
      sonographic criteria indicative of rotator cuff tear were (1) discontinuity in
      the normal homogeneous echogenicity of the rotator cuff; (2) replacement of the
      normal homogeneous echogenicity by a central echogenic band; and (3)
      nonvisualization of the cuff. Twenty patients had normal sonographic
      examinations, 19 of which were normal by arthrography. Therefore, the predictive
      value of a negative sonogram was 95%. On the basis of these findings, sonography
      can provide a noninvasive means of screening patients with suspected rotator cuff
      tears.

PMID- 3880984
TI  - Neurosonographic recognition of subependymal cysts in high-risk neonates.
AB  - Serial neurosonography was performed in 210 high-risk, preterm neonates. Eleven
      (5.8%) demonstrated small cystic formations in the subependymal lining of the
      lateral ventricles. These subependymal cysts were unilateral and were detected at
      the exact site of a previous subependymal hemorrhage in two cases. These 11
      infants were not significantly different in maturity, size, or clinical
      parameters from our main high-risk newborn population. Ten survivors had marked
      motor retardation at follow-up ages of 9-13 months, and one died from neonatal
      sepsis.

PMID- 3880985
TI  - Sonography of the normal and abnormal intact lumbar spinal canal.

PMID- 3880986
TI  - Postoperative parathyroid high-frequency sonography: evaluation of persistent or
      recurrent hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Sixty consecutive postoperative patients with recurrent or persistent
      hyperparathyroidism were scanned before reoperation using high-frequency (10 MHz)
      real-time sonography. The sonograms were interpreted prospectively, and the
      results correlated with subsequent surgical findings to determine the diagnostic
      accuracy of this technique in the localization of enlarged parathyroid glands. A
      total of 59 abnormal glands were found in 51 patients at operation: 45 in the
      neck and 14 in the mediastinum. Sonography identified 37 of the 45 cervical
      glands for a sensitivity of 82% in the neck. The mediastinum cannot be evaluated
      by sonography due to the bony thoracic cage, although if the mediastinal glands
      are included, the overall sensitivity was 63%. In the 14 patients with negative
      neck explorations but positive mediastinal explorations, sonography was negative
      in 12 patients, but false-positives were suspected in two patients, yielding a
      specificity of 86% in the neck. High-frequency sonography is a sensitive, rapid,
      and noninvasive technique for localizing enlarged cervical parathyroid glands in
      patients with recurrent or persistent hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 3880987
TI  - Primary osteoporosis.

PMID- 3880988
TI  - Prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 production by human cardiac atrial tissues.
AB  - We examined the generation of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 in the right atrial
      tissues obtained from patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. In all
      instances, the capability of atrial tissues to produce these potent
      prostaglandins was identified. The identity of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2
      was confirmed by use of specific radioimmunoassays of stable metabolites and by
      use of specific thromboxane A2 synthetase and cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors.

PMID- 3880989
TI  - Aneurysms of the coronary arteries.

PMID- 3880990
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the cardiovascular system.

PMID- 3880991
TI  - The significance of left ventricular thrombi in patients with coronary heart
      disease: a retrospective analysis of pooled data.

PMID- 3880992
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of digoxin in acute myocardial infarction in man: a
      randomized controlled trial.
AB  - Hemodynamic effects of digoxin in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have been
      acknowledged to depend on the basal cardiocirculatory state. In the present
      study, the effects of digoxin in patients with AMI were evaluated in four
      hemodynamic subsets, based on the relationship between mean pulmonary capillary
      wedge pressure (PCWP, in mm Hg) and left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI, in
      g-m/m2): subset 1: normal (less than or equal to 15 mm Hg) PCWP and normal
      (greater than or equal to 35 g-m/m2) LVSWI; subset 2: elevated (greater than 15
      mm Hg) PCWP and normal LVSWI; subset 3: reduced (less than 35 g-m/m2) LVSWI and
      normal PCWP; and subset 4: elevated PCWP and LVSWI moderately reduced to a range
      between 16 and 34 g-m/m2. Forty patients were admitted to the study and were
      randomly assigned to one of two groups in each subset: control group (19
      patients) and treated group (21 patients). Five patients were randomized into
      each of the subsets 2, 3, and 4 in both the control and treated groups, while in
      subset 1 there were four control and six digoxin-treated patients. Control
      patients were administered a placebo saline solution and digoxin-treated patients
      received 0.50 mg of the drug intravenously in 20 minutes. The effects of the
      placebo and of the drug were evaluated at 30, 60, and 90 minutes from the end of
      the infusion. Hemodynamic data did not vary in the control group, and digoxin did
      not exert any relevant effect in subsets 1 and 2. After drug infusion, cardiac
      index (Cl, in L/min/m2) significantly increased in subset 3 patients.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3880993
TI  - Long-term efficacy of high-dose diltiazem for chronic stable angina pectoris: 16
      month serial studies with placebo controls.
AB  - In order to assess the long-term efficacy of diltiazem for the treatment of
      angina pectoris, eight patients with chronic stable exertional angina who were
      previously entered into a 4-month randomized, double-blind placebo controlled
      study, were studied for an additional 12-months. The patients continued to take
      diltiazem, 360 mg/day, and underwent treadmill exercise testing after 10 and 16
      months of therapy. A single-blind placebo week was introduced after 16 months and
      a treadmill test was performed at the end of this week. Diltiazem therapy
      continued to augment exercise duration until 0.1 mV of ECG ST depression at 10
      and 16 months as compared to the final placebo period: 573 +/- 133 (SD) seconds
      at 10 months; 565 +/- 148 seconds at 16 months; vs 431 +/- 151 seconds at final
      placebo (both p less than 0.001). Also, the time to angina pectoris was prolonged
      on diltiazem by 181 seconds at 16 months (p less than 0.01) and the total
      duration of exercise was increased by 101 seconds (p less than 0.001) as compared
      to placebo. In addition, angina frequency decreased from 17 +/- 11 attacks/week
      on placebo to 0.6 +/- 0.6 attacks/week during diltiazem therapy at 16 months. Two
      of the eight patients noted mild pedal edema, but no other adverse effects were
      experienced. Thus diltiazem, 360 mg/day, can be an effective single agent for the
      long-term treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris.

PMID- 3880994
TI  - Follow-up of prostaglandin plasma levels after acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Prostaglandin plasma levels are elevated in patients with transient myocardial
      ischemia. We measured 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and
      thromboxane (B2(TXB2) in venous blood of 32 patients with myocardial infarction
      on the first, third, and seventh days. TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels in these
      patients (up to 117 +/- 237 pg/ml and 96 +/- 105 pg/ml mean +/- SD, respectively)
      differed significantly from levels in normal control subjects (10 +/- 12 pg/ml
      and 4 +/- 7 pg/ml mean +/- SD, respectively) (p less than 0.01). Prostaglandin
      values remained elevated from day 1 through day 7. In most patients, 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha levels prevailed over those of TXB2. In a subgroup suffering from cardiac
      arrhythmias, the ratio of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha/TXB2 was inverse. It is concluded
      that prostaglandin generation is increased for at least 7 days after myocardial
      infarction. A disturbed ratio of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha/TXB2 in favor of the latter
      might be associated with cardiac arrhythmias in myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3880995
TI  - Comparison of acebutolol and propranolol in essential hypertension.
AB  - A multicenter, double-blind study compared oral acebutolol (n = 186) with
      propranolol (n = 190) in the treatment of mild to moderately severe essential
      hypertension (diastolic greater than or equal to 95 to 129 mm Hg). Both beta
      blockers produced significant and comparable reductions in diastolic, systolic,
      and mean arterial blood pressures of 16%, 12%, and 14% on acebutolol and 15%,
      12%, and 14% on propranolol (all p less than 0.01). At equipotent,
      antihypertensive doses, acebutolol induced significantly less reduction in
      resting heart rate than propranolol (13% on acebutolol, 17% on propranolol, p =
      0.02). The mean effective doses of acebutolol and propranolol were 738 mg and 231
      mg, respectively. Significantly fewer acebutolol patients experienced central
      nervous system side effects (acebutolol, n = 50; propranolol, n = 75; p = 0.01)
      or withdrew from the study prematurely due to side effects (acebutolol, n = 11;
      propranolol, n = 29; p less than 0.01). No clinically significant trends in
      abnormalities of laboratory parameters were seen, and there were no statistically
      significant differences in the development of positive antinuclear antibody
      titers between the two treatment groups. It is concluded that acebutolol is as
      effective as propranolol in the treatment of hypertension, and acebutolol was
      better tolerated on the basis of heart rate and central nervous system side
      effects.

PMID- 3880996
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography in the evaluation of right heart tumors.

PMID- 3880997
TI  - Baseline rest electrocardiographic abnormalities, antihypertensive treatment, and
      mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Multiple Risk Factor
      Intervention Trial Research Group.
AB  - The overall results of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) showed
      a nonsignificant 7% lower coronary artery disease (CAD) mortality rate in the
      special-intervention (SI) as compared to the usual-care (UC) group. The initial
      results also suggested that the SI program was more effective than UC in the
      community in reducing the CAD mortality rate in nonhypertensive persons than in
      hypertensive persons, and that the SI program used was more effective in reducing
      CAD deaths among men without than men with electrocardiographic (ECG)
      abnormalities at rest. Furthermore, an unfavorable mortality trend in
      hypertensive SI men with ECG abnormalities at rest compared with UC men was noted
      (adjusted relative risk of 1.67). Further analyses in baseline-defined subgroups
      indicated that (1) the most common ECG abnormalities at rest were high R waves
      and ST-T changes, (2) the CAD mortality differential (SI/UC) was similar in the
      subgroup with these abnormalities and in the subgroup with other abnormalities at
      rest, (3) the apparent excess CAD mortality among hypertensive SI men with ECG
      abnormalities at rest was manifested chiefly as sudden death within 1 hour, and
      (4) the association between ECG abnormalities at rest and the CAD mortality rate
      among hypertensive men was independent of the baseline level of blood pressure or
      of the findings on the exercise electrocardiogram. However, CAD mortality in
      those with abnormalities on the electrocardiogram both at rest and during
      exercise was lower in the SI than the UC group. A possible explanation for the
      difference in outcome in the baseline-defined subgroup was an unexpectedly low UC
      mortality rate. However, within-group analysis revealed an interaction between
      ECG abnormalities at rest and diuretic treatment in the SI group, with the risk
      of CAD death for men prescribed diuretic drugs relative to men not prescribed
      diuretic drugs estimated as 3.34 among men with baseline ECG abnormalities at
      rest and as 0.95 among men without such abnormalities. No such effect was found
      in the UC group, in which men generally were prescribed lower doses of
      hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone than SI men. However, analyses do not
      suggest an effect of diuretic dose or of hypokalemia on the CAD mortality rate in
      treated SI participants. Although subgroup analyses must be interpreted with
      caution, particularly those that go beyond the randomized clinical trial design
      by the MRFIT, these findings pose hypotheses for investigation by other
      researchers in systemic hypertension and may have implications for therapy.

PMID- 3880998
TI  - Enhanced 24-hour norepinephrine and renin secretion in young patients with
      essential hypertension: relation with the circadian pattern of arterial blood
      pressure.
AB  - This study examines the possibility that 24-hour differences in blood pressure
      (BP) regulation between hypertensive and normotensive subjects is related to
      changes in 24-hour secretory patterns in circulating pressor hormones. Nine young
      subjects with normal BP and 9 patients with essential hypertension (EH) were
      studied during 24-hour recumbency. Every 20 minutes samples were taken to
      determine plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels and plasma renin activity (PRA). BP
      was measured every 20 minutes by automatic recording. A distinct circadian rhythm
      was demonstrated for mean BP, NE and PRA in both groups. Nocturnal reductions in
      mean BP, NE and PRA related best to the sleep-wakefulness cycle in both groups.
      Circadian changes in mean BP correlated with NE levels in both normal subjects
      and patients with EH. The most striking difference between the 2 groups was the
      absolute levels of mean BP, NE and PRA, which were higher in the EH group at most
      time points in the 24-cycle. Differences in levels of NE and PRA between the 2
      groups were most accentuated during sleep. Thus, young persons with EH show
      evidence of enhanced sympathetic nervous activity throughout the 24-hour cycle,
      which is most pronounced during sleep. The multiple sampling approach offers a
      more sensitive indicator of the role of pressor hormones in BP maintenance.

PMID- 3880999
TI  - Pattern of left ventricular diastolic filling in chronic aortic regurgitation: a
      gated blood pool assessment.
AB  - Limited information exists regarding the pattern of left ventricular diastolic
      filling in moderate to severe chronic aortic regurgitation (AR). The left
      ventricular diastolic filling curve derived from gated blood pool scans was
      evaluated in 24 normal subjects and 29 patients with AR. The peak filling rate
      (PFR), mean filling rate (MFR), peak ejection rate (PER), PFR/MFR, PFR/PER, and
      the time of the rapid filling period divided by the diastolic time were
      determined. PFR, MFR and PER were calculated as end-diastolic volumes per second
      (EDV/s). PFR was lower in the AR group than in the normal subjects (2.24 +/- 0.70
      vs 3.09 +/- 0.71 EDV/s, p less than 0.001). Similarly, MFR was lower in the AR
      group (1.31 +/- 0.40 vs 1.63 +/- 0.29 EDV/s, p less than 0.01). PER was also
      reduced in the AR group. Both PFR/MFR and PFR/PER were reduced, while the ratio
      of rapid filling period to diastolic time was longer in the AR group than in
      normal subjects. Clinical evidence of congestive heart failure occurred in 8
      patients in the AR group. Diastolic filling variables were not significantly
      different from the asymptomatic subgroup of patients with AR, but were abnormal
      when compared with those of normal subjects. In patients with AR, an abnormal
      pattern of diastolic filling was noted, consisting of a reduced PFR, MFR and PFR/
      with a more linear pattern of filling (reduced PFR/MFR) during a longer rapid
      filling period.

PMID- 3881000
TI  - Arrhythmias in ischemic and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: prediction of
      mortality by ambulatory electrocardiography.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that ventricular arrhythmias detected by ambulatory
      electrocardiography can stratify mortality risk in patients with ischemic and
      those with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, clinical, hemodynamic and
      neurohumoral findings were evaluated in 31 patients. By Kaplan-Meier analysis,
      the total population had 51% survival at 12 months and 19% survival at 25 months.
      Subgroups based on peak complexity of ventricular arrhythmias included 9 patients
      with simple ventricular arrhythmias (peak Lown grades 1 to 3) and 22 patients
      with complex ventricular arrhythmias (peak Lown grades 4 or 5). Clinical
      variables and baseline catecholamine levels and renin-angiotensin system activity
      were similar in the simple and complex arrhythmia subgroups. Patients with simple
      and those with complex arrhythmias were comparable by all hemodynamic indexes
      except for a higher mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in the complex
      arrhythmia subgroup. Survival was strikingly related to arrhythmias: mortality
      was 11% (1 of 9) in the simple ventricular arrhythmia subgroup and 59% (13 of 22)
      in the complex ventricular arrhythmia subgroup (p less than 0.025 by log-rank
      test). Twelve patients died suddenly and 2 patients died in circulatory failure,
      and the risk of death was not affected by the etiology of cardiomyopathy. The
      higher mortality among the patients with complex arrhythmia could not be
      explained by the presence of elevated filling pressures alone. Thus, ambulatory
      electrocardiography can stratify mortality risk among patients with severe
      ischemic and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3881001
TI  - Value of image enhancement and injection of contrast medium for right ventricular
      volume determination by two-dimensional echocardiography in congenital heart
      disease.
AB  - To determine factors that influence the accuracy of echocardiographically
      estimated right ventricular volume and to improve the echocardiographic input
      information by applying image enhancement techniques, quantitative contrast
      echocardiography (4-chamber view) and biplane angiocardiography were performed in
      23 children during routine diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Volumes calculated
      on the basis of unprocessed and processed echocardiographic cross sections (area
      length method and sphere model) underestimated angiocardiographic volumes
      significantly (p less than 0.01), and more so in end-diastole (50.6%) than in end
      systole (35.9%). Thus, ejection fraction was significantly (p less than 0.01)
      underestimated; mean values were 0.48 +/- 0.12 and 0.60 +/- 0.08, respectively.
      The best comparison between echocardiography and angiocardiography at end
      diastole was achieved with the sphere model using image enhancement techniques
      and injection of contrast media, where y = 0.54x - 6.8, r = 0.97, sy.x = 7.3.
      Correlations, however, in which unprocessed echocardiograms were used showed only
      slightly less good correlations. With the 6 image-enhancement techniques, a more
      homogeneous structure of the image and a more distinct outline of the internal
      surface was achieved. The statistical error improved only slightly. The
      echocardiographic 4-chamber view allows right ventricular volume determination
      with an acceptable accuracy. Its underestimation is related to inadequate
      visualization of trabeculations and mainly to the models used. Application of
      image enhancement techniques allows easier outlining of the internal cavity
      surface. The advantage gained by the combination of contrast infection and image
      enhancement techniques does not warrant the routine central injection of
      available contrast material.

PMID- 3881002
TI  - Validation in dogs of a rapid digital angiographic technique to measure relative
      coronary blood flow during routine cardiac catheterization.
AB  - Assessment of the functional significance of anatomically defined coronary
      stenoses has been hampered by the lack of clinically applicable techniques of
      measuring coronary blood flow or flow ratios. A digital angiographic technique is
      reported that allows rapid analysis of relative regional coronary blood flow
      during routine cardiac catheterization. This technique was validated in dogs by
      comparing digital flow ratio estimates with electromagnetic-flow (EMF) ratio
      measurements. Fourteen open-chest dogs had EMF probes placed on the proximal left
      anterior descending artery before selective coronary angiography.
      Electrocardiographically gated images were acquired directly by a digital
      radiographic system during both baseline blood flow and either contrast or
      papaverine-induced hyperemia. Dual-parameter functional images were generated
      using color and intensity coding to represent contrast arrival time and contrast
      density, respectively. For analysis, myocardial areas of interest were created
      over the distal perfusion bed of the left anterior descending coronary artery.
      Mean contrast density/appearance time (CD/AT) values were computer calculated as
      the mean density divided by the mean arrival time for each. Coronary flow reserve
      was determined as the ratio of the CD/AT value for a hyperemic image divided by
      the CD/AT value for the corresponding baseline image. CD/AT ratios correlated
      well (r = 0.92) with actual EMF ratios (CD/AT Ratio = 0.90 EMF Ratio +0.12, n =
      48 ratios). Reproducibility was +/- 13%. Interobserver (r = 0.99) and
      intraobserver (r = 0.98) variability was excellent. Thus, rapid, accurate and
      reproducible estimates of relative regional coronary blood flow are possible
      using digital radiography.

PMID- 3881003
TI  - Potential limitations of quantitative thallium scanning.

PMID- 3881004
TI  - Abnormal position of the brachiocephalic vein.

PMID- 3881005
TI  - Coronary artery surgery study.

PMID- 3881006
TI  - Relation of antianginal efficacy of nifedipine to degree of coronary arterial
      narrowing and to presence of coronary collateral vessels.
AB  - Thirty-six patients with chronic stable angina pectoris or with stable and
      vasospastic components of angina pectoris were classified by coronary
      arteriographic findings into 4 groups. Patients in group A had a single stenotic
      coronary artery; patients in groups B, C and D had occluded arteries, but these
      arteries had been collateralized to varying degrees, and an epicardial coronary
      steal phenomenon was possible. All patients underwent multiple exercise tests
      before and after randomized, double-blind, crossover treatment with 20 mg of
      nifedipine, 20 mg of isosorbide dinitrate, a combination of both, and placebo.
      Maximal and mean ST-segment depression, occurrence of angina pectoris and heart
      rate were evaluated. After nifedipine treatment, mean ischemic ST-segment
      depression was reduced 21% in group A (p less than 0.05), but was not
      significantly altered in the other groups (group B, 2% decrease; group C, 10%
      increase; group D, 3% decrease). However, isosorbide dinitrate reduced ST-segment
      depression significantly in all groups (group A, 29%, p less than 0.001; group B,
      18%, p less than 0.01; group C, 19%, p less than 0.05; group D, 33%, p less than
      0.05). The combination with nifedipine did not further improve the effect of
      isosorbide dinitrate. Maximal ST-segment depression and angina pectoris
      paralleled the changes in mean ST depression during the different medications.
      Heart rate at rest was not significantly changed after nifedipine treatment in
      any group, but increased significantly after isosorbide dinitrate treatment in
      groups B and C (group B, 12%, p less than 0.01; group C, 9%, p less than 0.05);
      heart rate during exercise did not differ significantly in any group or after any
      form of medication from placebo.

PMID- 3881007
TI  - Origin of Recommended Dietary Allowances--an historic overview.

PMID- 3881008
TI  - Amelioration of the adverse effect of a gastrointestinal challenge with
      Salmonella enteritidis on weanling rats by a yogurt diet.
AB  - The response of yogurt-fed rats and the corresponding unfermented milk-fed rats
      to an infectious gastrointestinal challenge has been compared. After 1 (2
      trials), 7 (4 trials), 14 and 21 (1 trial each) days on freeze-dried milk or
      yogurt diets, the rats were inoculated intra-gastrically by intubation per os
      with 4.5 X 10(10) +/- 0.7 colony forming units (mean +/- SEM) of Salmonella
      enteritidis. Challenged and control rats were monitored during the 3 weeks post
      inoculation for viability, weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency. In
      general, challenged yogurt-fed rats exhibited significantly superior weight gain
      and feed efficiency (but not feed consumption) values in week 1 post-infection,
      but the differences were not significant in week 2 post-infection. Sick milk- and
      yogurt-fed rats convalesced in week 3. Pooled mortality data indicated that
      yogurt-fed rats survived better than milk-fed rats. Yogurt did not prevent
      salmonellosis per se but significantly reduced the mortality and weight gain
      deceleration.

PMID- 3881009
TI  - Cytoplasmic inclusions in hepatocytes of bone marrow transplant patients: light
      and electron microscopic characterization.
AB  - Large eosinophilic, cytoplasmic inclusions were observed at autopsy in the
      hepatocytes of three patients who received bone marrow transplants for acute
      leukemia. The eosinophilic inclusions were not associated with any additional
      specific morphologic change in the liver. While similar inclusions have been
      observed in rats during hepatic regeneration following partial hepatectomy and in
      human hepatomas, to the authors' knowledge, such inclusions have not been
      described previously in patients who have received bone marrow grafts.

PMID- 3881010
TI  - S-100 protein positive human T-lymphocyte.
AB  - S-100 protein was detected in a small number of human peripheral T-lymphocytes by
      a direct immunoperoxidase method with the use of monospecific antibody to S-100
      protein. Complemented-mediated lysis using monoclonal antibodies revealed that
      the S-100+ T-lymphocytes bore OKT3, OKT8, and OKT11 antigens but not OKT4, OKM1,
      HLA-DR, HNK1 (Leu-7) antigens on their surface. Immunoelectron micrography showed
      that S-100 T-lymphocytes were small lymphocytes with poorly developed cellular
      organelles. These findings clearly indicated that S-100+ T-lymphocytes belonged
      to the OKT8+ T-cell subset, the so-called suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell subset.
      Although the function of the S-100+ T-lymphocytes is unclear, S-100 protein may
      be a useful cytoplasmic marker for the subdivision of the heterogeneous OKT8+
      lymphocyte population.

PMID- 3881011
TI  - Fluorescent microsphere detection of surface antigens and simultaneous
      cytochemistries in individual hematopoietic cells.
AB  - A method for simultaneous analysis of cell surface antigens, cell morphology, and
      endogenous cytochemical staining on the same hematopoietic cell has been
      developed. Individual cells in heterogeneous populations can be tested for cell
      surface antigens using monoclonal antibodies conjugated to fluorescein-containing
      microspheres and subsequently stained for myeloperoxidase, Sudan black B,
      chloroacetate esterase, or alpha naphthyl butyrate. This technic, when applied to
      mixed cell populations such as normal peripheral blood and leukemic bone marrow
      samples, provides simultaneous analysis of cell surface antigens and specific
      cytoplasmic cytochemistries within individual cells. Application of this technic
      may increase the body of knowledge about hematopoiesis by allowing individual
      cells to be analyzed simultaneously for multiple lineage-associated
      characteristics.

PMID- 3881012
TI  - Accuracy of low platelet counts on the Coulter S-Plus IV.
AB  - Recent improvements have occurred in the flagging criteria for erroneous platelet
      counts on Coulter S-Plus series instruments. The authors tested the accuracy of
      the S-Plus IV on over 400 patient samples with low platelet counts (less than
      50,000/microL) as compared with phase microscopy. Only a small number of samples
      gave discrepant results (difference greater than 10,000/microL), and, when
      investigated, most often were found to be due to erratic phase microscopy
      results. Approximately one-third of all low platelet counts in our laboratory
      were flagged ("error code 10") by the instrument and required determination by
      phase microscopy. In addition, to prevent erroneous results due to giant
      platelets or microcytic red blood cells, the platelet histogram should be
      inspected for return to baseline at 20 cubic micrometers (fL).

PMID- 3881013
TI  - Atropine antagonizes cholecystokinin and cerulein-induced gallbladder evacuation
      in man: a real-time ultrasonographic study.
AB  - Dose-response curves for cholecystokinin (CCK), cerulein (CRL), and the effect of
      atropine on peptide-induced gallbladder evacuation, were evaluated in 13 normal
      subjects. Gallbladder volume was monitored by means of real-time ultrasonography.
      After an overnight fast, CCK was infused in six subjects iv, with increasing
      doses from 0.002 IDU/kg/min for 15 min, and CRL in seven subjects from 0.5
      ng/kg/min for 5 min, until maximum gallbladder evacuation (greater than 70% of
      the fasting volume) was achieved. Forty-eight hours after the first study, CCK
      and CRL were readministered at the maximum contracting dose in each subject with
      and without a pretreatment with atropine (1 mg iv as bolus). The results showed
      maximum gallbladder evacuation at 0.016 IDU for CCK, and at 4 ng for CRL.
      Atropine significantly blunted the gallbladder response both to CCK and to CRL.
      It is therefore suggested that the cholinergic system is involved in the
      gallbladder response to CCK and to CRL.

PMID- 3881014
TI  - A comparison of cimetidine and sucralfate in the treatment of bleeding peptic
      ulcers.
AB  - To assess the efficacy of cimetidine versus sucralfate in terminating or
      preventing further bleeding of peptic ulcers, patients presenting with bleeding
      from duodenal or gastric ulcers were openly randomized to receive cimetidine 1800
      mg/day or sucralfate 8 g/day for a 1-wk period. All patients were endoscoped
      within 8 h of their presentation with bleeding. Patients were included only if
      they had evidence of severe or active bleeding. After randomization, patients
      were assessed for transfusion requirements, continued bleeding and rebleeding,
      the need for emergency surgery, and medication side effects. Ten patients were
      randomized to each group. Mean transfusion requirements were the same in both
      groups. In the cimetidine group, two patients rebled and two had serious side
      effects. In the sucralfate group, two patients had rebleeding requiring surgery,
      and there were no side effects of therapy. Sucralfate may be an alternative to
      cimetidine in treating bleeding peptic ulcers.

PMID- 3881015
TI  - The present status of agents for dissolving gallstones.
AB  - Chenodiol therapy appears especially appropriate only for the small group of
      patients who have floating radiolucent gallstones, are over 60 years of age, and
      have increased surgical risk factors. Such patients may benefit from a trial of
      Chenodiol therapy at a dose of 15 mg/kg of body weight and experience both fewer
      symptoms and reduced need for medically indicated cholecystectomy. Other patients
      should be evaluated on an individual basis, with consideration given to simple
      observation for silent gallstones, and to direct intervention if bile duct
      obstruction occurs. When therapy is chosen, periodic laboratory assessment is
      indicated and treatment should be continued 3 months beyond apparent dissolution
      or for 16 months if there is no change in gallstone size. Periodic assessment at
      annual intervals after dissolution is also indicated because of frequent
      gallstone recurrence. Where both Chenodiol and UDCA are available, physicians
      have generally preferred UDCA because of its absence of bile acid diarrhea and
      liver enzyme changes, even though clinical efficacy is the same.

PMID- 3881016
TI  - Results of treatment in patients with end-stage renal disease: a multivariate
      analysis of risk factors and survival in 341 successive patients.
AB  - Factors that affect survival in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are
      still only partially understood. We report an analysis on a cohort of 341
      successive patients who started ESRD treatment in one institution. Survival was
      calculated from the start of ESRD treatment, whether initial treatment was by
      dialysis (335 patients) or transplantation (6 patients). Analysis of factors
      affecting survival was done using the Cox multivariate hazard analysis. Relative
      risks were calculated for several demographic factors, the primary renal disease,
      the presence or absence of various high-risk co-morbid factors, and for a first
      transplant from a living-related or cadaver donor. Older patients, patients with
      no prior health insurance, those with diabetic nephropathy, and those with small
      kidneys of unknown cause had statistically significantly higher risks of dying.
      The risk of dying decreased by year of start of ESRD treatment. Living related
      donor transplantation was associated with a decreased hazard to age 45 years and
      older; whereas cadaver donor transplantation was associated with a hazard that
      increased with age and was significantly increased by age 45.

PMID- 3881017
TI  - Hemodialysis without anticoagulation.
AB  - Heparin is usually employed as an anticoagulant during routine hemodialysis. In
      patients at high risk of bleeding, however, use of heparin significantly
      increases their morbidity and, presumably, mortality. Over 1 year, we performed
      156 hemodialysis procedures successfully without heparin in the transplant
      dialysis unit. Twenty-eight patients were included in the study; 23 patients had
      received renal transplants and five patients were in the mouth dental extraction,
      and parathyroidectomy). Only one of these patients had a coagulopathy. No
      dialysis procedure produced or aggravated bleeding. Conversely, a coagulopathy
      was not induced or worsened by dialysis without heparin. A significant
      complication, defined as complete clotting of the artificial kidney with or
      without clotting in the lines, occurred in eight dialyses (5.13% of the total)
      and resulted in an average blood loss of 150 ml. Partial clotting of the dialyzer
      did not interrupt the procedure and occurred nine times (5.8% of the total).
      These results compare favorably with previously documented complications from low
      dose and regional heparin.

PMID- 3881018
TI  - Diuretics and calcium metabolism.
AB  - In this review the normal renal tubular handling of calcium is briefly described.
      A detailed examination follows of the sites and modes of action of furosemide and
      thiazide diuretics on renal calcium handling and overall calcium metabolism. The
      clinical applications of these effects are also considered. Finally, the use of
      diuretics with different tubular sites of action on calcium transport as probes
      to study disorders of calcium excretion is discussed.

PMID- 3881019
TI  - Autopsy: moribund art or vital science?
AB  - The autopsy rate in the United States has fallen dramatically in the past 40
      years. Factors contributing to its decline include diagnostic over-confidence
      among clinicians, competing demands upon pathologists, difficulties obtaining
      consent from families, and its costs. The benefits of autopsy are clear:
      confirmation, clarification, and correction of antemortem diagnoses; discovery
      and definition of new diseases; evaluation of new diagnostic tests, new surgical
      techniques, and new drugs; investigation of environmental and occupational
      diseases; reassurance of family members; and contributions to medical and
      epidemiologic research. Proposals to revive the autopsy are reviewed, including
      altering the method of obtaining consent, altering autopsy procedures,
      structuring teaching around the autopsy, training autopsy pathologists in
      anatomic subspecialties, reinstating minimal autopsy requirements for hospital
      accreditation, providing financial support, and educating the public and the
      medical profession about its values. Accomplishing these changes quickly will
      prevent loss of its many benefits to the clinician, family, hospital, and
      society.

PMID- 3881020
TI  - Effect rates of different modalities for treatment of prolactin adenomas.
AB  - Results of treatment of 963 patients with prolactin adenomas described in the
      literature were reviewed. The patient population was stratified into four
      subgroups: women and men with serum prolactin levels above and below 100 ng/ml
      for each of the treatment modalities: transsphenoidal surgery, bromocriptine,
      heavy ion radiation, conventional radiation, and transsphenoidal surgery plus
      conventional radiation. The five largest series within each subgroup were
      included. Success rates and recurrence rates were calculated for: (1) reduction
      of tumor size, (2) normalization of serum prolactin levels, and (3) normalization
      of other pituitary functions. Complication rates were calculated for procedural
      impairment of other pituitary functions. Transsphenoidal surgery was found to be
      the most effective treatment for lasting control, and bromocriptine for temporary
      control, of prolactin adenomas. Recurrent adenomas were most effectively treated
      by transsphenoidal surgery if serum prolactin levels were below 100 ng/ml. If
      serum prolactin levels were above 100 ng/ml, bromocriptine was the most effective
      treatment. Heavy ion radiation, with success rates comparable to those of
      transsphenoidal surgery and bromocriptine, but with lower recurrence rates, may
      eventually prove the most effective treatment of all.

PMID- 3881021
TI  - Acute pyelonephritis as a cause of late transplant dysfunction.
AB  - In a renal transplant recipient, acute pyelonephritis of the allograft developed
      in association with acute deterioration of renal function. No other cause of
      renal dysfunction was delineated, and the serum creatinine level promptly
      returned to baseline with antimicrobial therapy. Acute pyelonephritis is an
      important cause of late transplant dysfunction, and prompt diagnosis and
      treatment result in complete recovery of renal function.

PMID- 3881022
TI  - Temporal arteritis and renal disease. Case report and review of the literature.
AB  - Renal abnormalities have been described in a small percentage of patients with
      temporal arteritis. Transient microscopic hematuria is the most common finding.
      In rare instances, widespread vasculitis involving renal arteries or microscopic
      polyarteritis nodosa can be seen. This case report describes the association of
      temporal arteritis with membranous glomerulonephropathy and the nephrotic
      syndrome in an elderly patient, an occurrence not previously reported. Whether
      this association is coincidental or pathogenetically linked remains to be
      determined.

PMID- 3881023
TI  - Burn care. The crucial first days.

PMID- 3881024
TI  - Placental prostacyclin production in normal and toxemic pregnancies.
AB  - Prostacyclin is a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation.
      Because toxemia is characterized by increased vasoconstriction frequently
      associated with increased platelet aggregation and reduced uteroplacental blood
      flow, a deficiency in prostacyclin production during pregnancy could contribute
      to the development of toxemia. Placentally produced prostacyclin could have both
      local effects on the uteroplacental vasculature and systemic effects because
      prostacyclin, unlike the other prostaglandins, is not extensively metabolized by
      the lungs. Fresh human term placentas were obtained immediately after delivery
      from 12 normal and 12 toxemic (blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mm
      Hg, urinary protein greater than 0.3 gm/24 hours) pregnancies. Tissues (300 mg)
      were incubated in a sterile manner in 5 ml of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium
      for 48 hours at 37 degrees C with 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide in a metabolic
      shaker. Samples were collected at 8, 20, 32, and 48 hours and analyzed for
      prostacyclin by radioimmunoassay of its stable metabolite, 6-keto-prostaglandin
      F1 alpha. Prostacyclin production was significantly decreased in toxemic
      placental tissue compared with normal placental tissue (2.72 +/- 0.49 versus 7.22
      +/- 0.44 pg/mg/hr, mean +/- SE, p less than 0.01). In both normal and toxemic
      placentas, prostacyclin production was inhibited by indomethacin (5 or 50
      mumol/L) and not affected (p greater than 0.10) by arachidonic acid (5 or 100
      mumol/L). Lowering the oxygen concentration from 95% to 20% significantly (p less
      than 0.01) decreased prostacyclin production in normal but not toxemic placentas.
      Prostacyclin production rates in the amnion and chorion were not affected (p
      greater than 0.10) by toxemia. The amniotic and chorionic prostacyclin production
      rates were not different from each other (p greater than 0.10) and were only one
      seventh of the normal placental production rate. These data indicate that
      placental prostacyclin production is decreased in toxemia; therefore, this
      vasoactive prostaglandin may be involved in the causation and the associated
      hypertension and coagulation abnormalities of this disorder.

PMID- 3881026
TI  - Characterization and localization of HLA antigens on hydatidiform mole.
AB  - Frozen sections of three specimens of hydatidiform mole were stained with
      monoclonal antibodies to HLA Class I and Class II antigens by means of an
      indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Class I (HLA A, B, C) antigens were detected
      on proliferating extravillous trophoblast and on villous stromal cells but not on
      quiescent villous trophoblast. Trophoblast Class I antigen was detected with four
      different antibodies to monomorphic determinants but not with antibodies to the
      appropriate polymorphic HLA A or B type. Stromal cells were reactive with all
      Class I antibodies. Class II (HLA DR) antigens were not detected on any molar
      tissue. The expression of HLA antigens by molar tissue is similar to that of the
      normal first-trimester human placenta.

PMID- 3881025
TI  - Influence of a vitamin E-deficient diet on prostacyclin production by mesometrial
      triangles and aortic rings from nondiabetic and diabetic pregnant rats.
AB  - We investigated the effect of a vitamin E-deficient diet on the synthesis of
      prostacyclin in nondiabetic and diabetic pregnant rats. In both groups the diet
      reduced fetal growth and prostacyclin production by mesometrial triangles; it
      also increased serum lipid peroxides, which are known to inhibit prostacyclin
      synthesis. Independently of the diet, mesometrial triangles of diabetic rats
      produced more prostacyclin than those of control rats, whereas an opposite
      tendency was found in the aortic rings. Our model seems useful for fundamental
      and pharmacologic studies of the vascular pathology of pregnancy.

PMID- 3881027
TI  - Antenatal diagnosis of renal anomalies with ultrasound. III. Bilateral renal
      agenesis.
AB  - Bilateral renal agenesis is a lethal congenital anomaly. A reliable prenatal
      diagnosis is extremely important, since it may offer options for pregnancy
      termination or may change obstetric management in the third trimester. This study
      examined the accuracy of ultrasound in making an antenatal diagnosis of bilateral
      renal agenesis in three different populations: (1) patients with a family history
      of bilateral renal agenesis, (2) patients diagnosed during the course of a
      routine scan, and (3) patients referred because of a previous suspicious
      ultrasound examination in a level I ultrasound facility. In group A there were
      three true positive, 13 true negative, no false negative, and no false positive
      diagnoses. In group B there were three true positive and no false positive
      diagnoses. In group C there were 12 true positive, 17 true negative, one false
      negative, and no false positive diagnoses. The value and potential pitfall of the
      different diagnostic criteria are discussed. We conclude that ultrasound is a
      valuable tool in the detection of intrauterine renal failure, although there are
      limitations to a specific diagnosis of bilateral renal agenesis.

PMID- 3881028
TI  - Prenatal detection of congenital malformations by ultrasonography. Mayo Clinic
      experience.
AB  - Routine obstetric ultrasonography has been performed at our institution since
      1974. During a recent 41-month period, 64 neonates with 83 congenital
      abnormalities had been scanned before delivery. The detection rate according to
      the organ system involved and the year in which the study was performed is
      reviewed. Suggestions, based upon the data presented, are given for the various
      anatomic sites and fetal dimensions that should be evaluated during each stage II
      ultrasound examination.

PMID- 3881029
TI  - Sonographic monitoring to guide the performance of postabortal uterine curettage.
AB  - This communication describes a technique of sonographically monitored uterine
      curettage. This method is of particular value in the management of postabortal
      endomyometritis associated with retained products of conception or in any
      situation in which anatomic variation (for instance, retroversion) makes curette
      insertion difficult.

PMID- 3881030
TI  - Fetal pulmonary cyst: intrauterine diagnosis and management.
AB  - This case report describes the antenatal diagnosis of a fetal pulmonary anomaly.
      Early detection afforded detailed parental counseling and prompt neonatal
      diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 3881031
TI  - Calcium metabolism in pregnancy and the perinatal period: a review.
AB  - Calcium homeostasis is a complex process involving calcium, other involved ions,
      and three calcitropic hormones, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3. The principal maternal adjustment during pregnancy is an
      increasing parathyroid hormone secretion which maintains the serum calcium
      concentration in the face of a falling albumin level, an expanding extracellular
      fluid volume, an increasing renal excretion, and placental calcium transfer. The
      placenta transports calcium ions actively, making the fetus hypercalcemic
      relative to its mother, which in turn stimulates calcitonin release and perhaps
      suppresses parathyroid hormone secretion by the fetus. A unique extrarenal system
      for 1 alpha-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 exists in the placenta and/or
      decidua, providing a source of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 for the fetus. With the
      abrupt cessation of the placental source of calcium at birth, the neonate's serum
      calcium level falls for 24 to 48 hours, then stabilizes and rises slightly.
      Hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy causes complications in both mother and
      infant and should usually be treated surgically as soon as diagnosed. Maternal
      hypoparathyroidism can be treated satisfactorily with high doses of supplemental
      calcium and vitamin D. Osteopenia accompanying long-term heparin administration
      may respond to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) therapy. Diabetes in
      pregnancy is associated with disturbed neonatal calcium homeostasis, perhaps due
      to chronic hypomagnesemia. A possible etiologic role of calcium deficiency in
      pregnancy-related hypertension has been suggested. Dietary deficiency of calcium
      and/or vitamin D during gestation may lead to several adverse effects in the
      newborn infant.

PMID- 3881032
TI  - Levobunolol vs timolol for open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
AB  - A group of 162 patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
      were treated twice daily for up to 15 months with one of the following topical
      ophthalmic solutions: 0.5% levobunolol, 1% levobunolol, or 0.5% timolol. Overall
      mean reductions in intraocular pressure were 8 mm Hg for patients receiving 0.5%
      levobunolol or timolol and 8.2 mm Hg for patients receiving 1% levobunolol. There
      were no significant differences between levobunolol and timolol in mean
      reductions in intraocular pressure, percent of patients with adequately
      controlled intraocular pressure, or life-table estimates of the probability of
      successful treatment.

PMID- 3881033
TI  - Minimum concentration of levobunolol required to control intraocular pressure in
      patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
AB  - In a double-masked, randomized, comparison titration study to determine the
      effective dose of topically applied levobunolol, three concentrations of
      levobunolol (0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%) and of timolol (0.125%, 0.25%, and 0.5%) were
      evaluated in patients with mild open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
      Following a washout of ocular hypotensive medication, twice-daily treatment in
      both eyes was initiated with the lowest of the three doses of either drug. The
      concentration was increased if intraocular pressure remained uncontrolled.
      Intraocular pressure was controlled in 63% (15 of 24) of the patients tested with
      the lowest concentration of levobunolol and 69% (18 of 26) with the lowest
      concentration of timolol. Overall, 75% (18 of 24) of the patients in the
      levobunolol group and 73% (19 of 26) of the patients in the timolol group had
      adequately controlled intraocular pressure. At the lowest concentrations tested,
      mean decreases from baseline in intraocular pressure ranged from 6 to 8 mm Hg in
      both treatment groups.

PMID- 3881034
TI  - Tomographic assessment of nasal septal changes following surgical-orthodontic
      rapid maxillary expansion.
AB  - Nine adult patients with transverse maxillary deficiency were examined for
      incidence of nasal septal deviation following surgical-orthodontic rapid
      maxillary expansion. The osteotomies for facilitation of maxillary expansion did
      not include sectioning of the nasal septum. The procedure did include sectioning
      of the lateral maxillary walls, the pterygomaxillary suture, and the midpalatal
      sutures. For each patient, four graduated coronal tomograms through the incisal,
      molar, tuberosity, and pterygoid areas were taken prior to and not less than 4
      months after surgical intervention. Results showed no significant change in the
      nasal septal position from before to after surgery. Analysis of the nature of
      maxillary movement in the coronal plane revealed rotational as opposed to bodily
      expansion, with inferior rotation of the palatal vault. Significant increases in
      the available nasal airway space were recorded. These increases were attributed
      primarily to shrinkage of inflamed nasal mucosa. In view of the recorded data,
      surgical sectioning of the nasal septum to prevent septal deviation by surgical
      orthodontic rapid maxillary expansion is not warranted.

PMID- 3881035
TI  - The pattern and control of eruptive tooth movements.
AB  - Assumptions about eruptive tooth movements based on experience with adolescents
      may not be applicable to all ages. The eruptive process can be subdivided into
      six phases--three profunctional stages of individual tooth eruption (follicular
      growth, pre-emergent eruptive spurt, and postemergent eruptive spurt) and three
      postfunctional stages of the eruption of the entire dentition (juvenile occlusal
      equilibrium, circumpubertal occlusal eruptive spurt, and adult occlusal
      equilibrium). Differences in tooth-eruption rates in each of these phases result
      from variations in systemic and local factors. A series of working hypotheses
      which incorporate recent research into a theoretical explanation of the control
      of eruption during each stage is presented. Prior to emergence, the force of
      eruption may influence the rate of bone resorption and later of gingival
      remodeling, but the resorptive processes occur independently and are the rate
      limiting factors in pre-emergent eruption. After emergence, intermittent occlusal
      loading disrupts the generative or adaptive mechanisms of the periodontal
      ligament so that eruption slows. The light continuous forces from resting tongue
      pressure also are significant influences on tooth eruption during periods of
      rapid facial growth. Cellular adaptation of the alveolar bone and gingiva plays
      an important role in the control of tooth eruption in the adult.

PMID- 3881036
TI  - Immunocytochemical study of hepatocyte synthesis of amyloid AA. Demonstration of
      usual site of synthesis and intracellular pathways but unusual retention on the
      surface membrane.
AB  - For determination of the intracellular site of synthesis and the pathways
      followed by amyloid protein AA, immunocytochemical localization of the anti-AA
      reactive substance was investigated in the livers of CBA/J mice in an acute-phase
      response evoked by a single subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml of 10% casein. In
      the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes, the positive reaction was localized on and/or
      in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the single membrane-bound vesicles,
      vacuoles and lamellae including the Golgi apparatus, confirming that amyloid
      protein AA follows the common routes of synthesis and secretion established for
      other proteins. The anti-AA-reactive substance was also localized on the free
      surface of the hepatocyte membrane, including the microvilli. The latter reaction
      appeared as early as but lasted at least several hours longer than its
      cytoplasmic counterpart, suggesting that a certain retention period exists before
      the release of the AA-reactive substance from the cellular surface to the free
      blood plasma.

PMID- 3881037
TI  - Pathology of hepatic transplantation: A review of 62 adult allograft recipients
      immunosuppressed with a cyclosporine/steroid regimen.
AB  - The pathologic specimens (n = 118) and hospital course pertinent to each of 62
      adult liver allograft recipients were reviewed. Biopsies and retransplanted
      organs were obtained at the discretion of the surgical team on the basis of the
      postoperative clinical course (less than 1 day to greater than 12 years after
      transplantation), and final interpretation of the pathologic material was based
      on a correlation of all available data. Most of the specimens (n = 85) were
      obtained within the first 2 months, and diagnoses in this time period included
      rejection, biliary obstruction/cholangitis, vascular injury, herpesvirus and
      cytomegalovirus hepatitis, graft necrosis, and functional cholestasis.
      Thereafter, rejection and recurrent or primary viral hepatitis were the major
      causes of graft dysfunction. Histologically, hepatic rejection is manifested by a
      cellular mediated injury of hepatocytes and bile ductules and a spectrum of
      vascular lesions in medium-sized hilar arteries. Morphologic changes of biliary
      duct obstruction and viral liver disease were at times difficult to differentiate
      from rejection. Two pretransplant disorders, type B viral hepatitis and the Budd
      Chiari syndrome, recurred in grafted organs. Although interpretation of
      pathologic material may be difficult at times, it frequently is helpful in
      planning an approach to management of liver allograft recipients.

PMID- 3881038
TI  - Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis in mice: A study of glucoregulatory hormones and
      glucose metabolism.
AB  - In mice fed a choline-deficient diet containing 0.5% DL-ethionine (CDE) profound
      hypoglycemia develops, as do signs of shock, and the mice die of acute
      hemorrhagic pancreatitis (AHP). When fed a choline-supplemented diet containing
      0.5% DL-ethionine (CSE), however, the mice have a chronic nonhemorrhagic
      pancreatitis with focal necrosis, do not show symptoms of shock, and survive. For
      investigation of the mechanism of hypoglycemia and the onset of shock in AHP,
      serum and pancreatic insulin and glucagon contents, serum glucose levels, and the
      morphologic characteristics of pancreatic islets were evaluated in mice fed
      laboratory Chow (LC); a choline-supplemented (CS) diet; a choline-deficient (CD)
      diet; or the CSE and CDE diets for 1, 2, or 3 days. The results indicate that
      onset of shock in animals with AHP may be due to hypoglycemia resulting from
      abnormal release of glucoregulatory hormones and their inability to maintain
      glucose output from liver and/or caused by active proteinases released from
      necrotic pancreas.

PMID- 3881040
TI  - Endocytic uptake, transport, and catabolism of proteins by epithelial cells.
AB  - Adsorptive and/or receptor-mediated endocytosis of proteins is a universal cell
      property, which is highly expressed in epithelial cells. Some absorbed proteins
      are transported intact across cells and in this manner subserve specialized
      functions such as the transference of immunity from mother to child. Mainly,
      however, absorbed proteins are transported to lysosomes, where they undergo
      complete hydrolysis to amino acids. This process is essential for the homeostasis
      of circulating proteins. This brief review considers the intracellular pathways
      taken by endocytosed proteins and the quantitative aspects and determinants of
      protein uptake and catabolism by epithelial cells. The topics to be briefly
      discussed are initial internalization sites, transport organelles (endosomes),
      and lysosomal and nonlysosomal pathways of transport; intracellular sorting of
      internalized proteins, membranes, and receptors; kinetics and selectivity of
      renal cell uptake of low-molecular-weight proteins and proteohormones; receptor
      mediated endocytosis of larger proteins (e.g., glycoproteins) by hepatocytes; and
      lysosomal catabolism of absorbed proteins and its dependence on protein load and
      endosomal-lysosomal pH and function. The perspectives of the field and some of
      the outstanding unsolved problems are briefly discussed.

PMID- 3881039
TI  - Desmin is a specific marker for rhabdomyosarcomas of human and rat origin.
AB  - Putative human rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) has been divided into two groups according
      to desmin content. Twenty-five tumors with histologic features consistent with
      but not necessarily sufficient to prove a diagnosis of RMS were desmin-positive.
      More than 95% of the tumor cells were desmin-positive, suggesting a muscle origin
      and supporting the diagnosis of RMS. Nine tumors for which the preferred first
      histologic diagnosis was also RMS were desmin-negative. Reexamination of the
      original histologic slides together with results from intermediate filament
      typing resulted in a diagnosis other than RMS for all tumors in this second
      group, and in several instances other tests were used to prove the correctness of
      the final diagnosis. The results on human material were extended to a rat model
      system in which RMS was induced by nickel sulfide. Again, all 24 tumors tested
      were desmin-positive. Vimentin was coexpressed in a varying percentage of tumor
      cells in RMS of human and rat origin. The results show that desmin is an
      excellent marker for rhabdomyosarcoma, yielding few if any false-positive or
      false-negative results in frozen or alcohol-fixed material.

PMID- 3881041
TI  - Transport and proteolytic processing of rabbit cardiac cathepsin D.
AB  - Rabbit cardiac cathepsin D is synthesized as a 53,000-mol wt precursor that
      undergoes limited proteolysis at an unknown intracellular site to a 48,000-mol wt
      active form. To examine the site of proteolytic processing, isolated perfused
      rabbit hearts were fractionated by differential centrifugation 150 or 300 min
      after pulse labeling with [35S]methionine. Newly synthesized precursor and
      processed cathepsin D were quantitatively isolated from each fraction by
      extraction, immunoadsorption, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. After 30-min pulse perfusions, all of the 35S-labeled cathepsin
      D was present as precursor, with the greatest amounts found in low-density
      subcellular fractions. Proteolytic processing of cathepsin D precursor occurred
      after chase perfusions that were coincident with the subcellular redistribution
      of newly synthesized enzyme from sites of synthesis to heavier subcellular
      structures. Pulse-chase perfusions with chloroquine (10 microM) inhibited
      precursor proteolytic processing and the time-dependent subcellular
      redistribution of newly synthesized cathepsin D. The data are consistent with a
      model for cardiac lysosomal enzyme maturation in which limited proteolytic
      processing occurs coincident with or soon after the transport of precursors to an
      acidic intracellular compartment. The results thus suggest that cathepsin D
      proteolytic processing occurs within cardiac lysosomes.

PMID- 3881042
TI  - Cerebral glucose use measured with [14C]glucose labeled in the 1, 2, or 6
      position.
AB  - The efficacy of [14C]glucose molecules labeled in various positions as tracers of
      regional cerebral glucose utilization (rCMRGlc) was examined in rats.
      Arteriovenous differences of different [14C]-glucose species and 14CO2 were
      measured across brain to determine the relative rates of 14CO2 loss. As
      anticipated, 14CO2 evolution decreased in the order: [U-14C]glucose greater than
      [2-14C]glucose greater than [1-14C]glucose greater than [6-14C]glucose. Release
      of 14CO2 from [6-14C]glucose was undetectable at 5 min and barely detectable at
      10 min, and release from [1-14C]glucose, which includes the pentose phosphate
      pathway, was only slightly greater. rCMRGlc was measured with [1-14C]-,[2-14C]-,
      or [6-14C]glucose in 5-min experiments. The results of [1-14C]- and [6
      14C]glucose were indistinguishable; no difference due to the activity of the
      pentose phosphate pathway was found. Both [1-14C]- and [6-14C]-glucose gave
      values similar to, but on the whole slightly higher than, [2-14C]glucose. It was
      concluded that when knowledge of total rCMRGlc is required, [6-14C]glucose is the
      labeled substrate of choice. When the experimental objective is measurement of
      energy metabolism, use of [1-14C]glucose avoids inclusion of the nonenergy
      yielding pentose phosphate pathway.

PMID- 3881043
TI  - Adenosine metabolism in human skin fibroblasts.
AB  - When normal fibroblasts were incubated in media containing various initial
      concentrations of [8-14C]adenosine, ranging from 0.25 to 400 microM, under
      conditions where product formation was linear, greater than 90% of the
      intracellular label was found in adenine nucleotides, largely in the form of ATP,
      less than 1% of the intracellular label appeared in the nucleic acids, the
      remaining intracellular label was found in adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine,
      and the media contained two labeled products, inosine and hypoxanthine.
      Production of labeled inosine and hypoxanthine from adenosine was considerably
      lower in adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient cells than in normal cells and
      virtually eliminated in normal cells by the presence of 1 microM deoxycoformycin
      (a potent ADA inhibitor), suggesting that labeled inosine and hypoxanthine
      production requires ADA activity. Initial rates of deamination (inosine and
      hypoxanthine formation) and phosphorylation (adenine nucleotide formation) were
      estimated by examining the metabolic fate of [8-14C]adenosine in hypoxanthine
      phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient cells, which cannot recycle hypoxanthine. The
      estimate of the initial rate of phosphorylation exceeded that of deamination only
      at the lowest adenosine concentration examined (0.25 microM). The ratio of
      deamination to phosphorylation rose from approximately 1 at 0.41 microM to
      approximately 15 at 400 microM extracellular adenosine.

PMID- 3881044
TI  - Glucagon, insulin, and growth hormone responses to glucose infusion in lactating
      dairy cows.
AB  - Early lactation in the dairy cow is associated with an increased demand for
      energy that can only be met by hormone-mediated partitioning of nutrients. The
      purpose of this study was to determine adaptive responses of basal and glucose
      stimulated glucagon (IRG), insulin (IRI), and growth hormone (GH) concentrations
      to early lactation. Blood was collected via jugular cannulas from nonpregnant
      nonlactating (NPNL) cows and cows 14 days antepartum (AP) and 5 and 30 days
      postpartum (PP). Basal concentrations of IRI decreased with lactation, IRG was
      essentially unchanged, and GH was increased with lactation. The molar IRI/IRG
      (I/G) ratio was decreased from 4.6 at day 14 AP to 1.3 at day 30 PP. The effects
      of exogenous glucose (0.56 mM/kg body wt) on IRI were greatest during pregnancy
      and declined with lactation. IRG responses to glucose were similar except in NPNL
      cows, which had a minimal but prolonged IRG inhibition, GH responses to glucose
      infusion were absent in NPNL cows and were most significant at 5 days PP. The
      decreased I/G and elevated GH concentrations suggests that both IRG and GH play a
      role in nutrient partitioning during early lactation.

PMID- 3881045
TI  - Identification of the insulin receptor of cerebral microvessels.
AB  - Cerebral microvessels are known to possess receptors for insulin and have
      recently been shown to respond to physiological levels of this hormone. Scatchard
      analysis of binding data obtained with isolated cerebral microvessels gave
      curvilinear plots and showed that neonatal porcine cerebral microvessels have a
      greater number of insulin receptors per unit of protein than adult bovine
      cerebral microvessels. The high-affinity form of the insulin receptors of both
      neonatal porcine and adult bovine cerebral microvessels have similar binding
      constants (dissociation constant = 0.3 X 10(-9) M). Dissociation of 125I-insulin
      from cerebral microvessels was accelerated by the presence of unlabeled insulin
      in preparations from both neonatal pigs and adult cows. 125I-insulin was
      covalently cross-linked to its receptor in cerebral microvessels with
      disuccinimidyl suberate, and the hormone-receptor complex was isolated on sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Under reducing conditions, 125I-insulin was
      found associated with a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 130,000, which is
      indistinguishable from the alpha-subunit of the liver insulin receptor. In
      contrast, nonvascular cerebral cortical tissue contained an insulin receptor with
      an alpha-subunit that was lower in molecular weight than the form isolated from
      cerebral cortical microvessels.

PMID- 3881046
TI  - A radioisotopic technique for analysis of free fatty acid reesterification in
      human adipose tissue.
AB  - Reesterification rates of free fatty acids (FFA) formed by intracellular
      triglyceride hydrolysis in small fragments of human adipose tissue were measured.
      Subcutaneous gluteal adipose tissue, obtained by needle biopsy, was incubated in
      a buffered albumin medium containing [3H]palmitate and [14C]glucose, each of high
      specific activity. In triglycerides (TG) and diglycerides (DG) synthesized by the
      tissue, [14C]glucose is incorporated exclusively into the glyceride-glycerol
      moiety, and 3H appears solely in the esterified fatty acids. Since rates of TG
      and DG synthesis can be determined from 14C accumulation rates in these
      molecules, the total amounts of FFA esterified can also be calculated. The
      difference between this estimate of total FFA esterification and the moles of
      [3H]palmitate esterified to these molecules represents the amount of unlabeled
      FFA from ongoing TG hydrolysis that was reesterified during the incubation. FFA
      recycling by the reesterification pathway is an important mechanism for the
      control of the quantity and proportions of FFA and glycerol leaving the human
      adipocyte. Fasting and beta-adrenergic stimulation reduce the fraction of
      endogenously released FFA that are reesterified from resting values of 30-40% to
      8-21%, thereby increasing the molar ratio of FFA to glycerol leaving the
      adipocyte. The technique described can be employed to monitor sequential changes
      in this important metabolic cycle in humans under a wide range of nutritional and
      clinical circumstances.

PMID- 3881047
TI  - Insulin increases thermogenesis in rat skeletal muscle following exercise.
AB  - Insulin increased O2 consumption in isolated perfused rat muscle for upward of 2
      h after a treadmill run. Insulin did not increase O2 consumption in nonexercised
      rats, nor did prior exercise increase O2 consumption in the absence of added
      insulin. The stimulation of glycogen synthesis by insulin was also enhanced in
      muscle of previously exercised rats. The additional energy required for this was
      not sufficient to account for the increase in O2 consumption, however. The
      results indicate that insulin increases thermogenesis in skeletal muscle after
      exercise. They also raise the possibility that in intact organisms the
      thermogenic effect of foods that increase insulin secretion could be increased by
      prior exercise.

PMID- 3881048
TI  - Gastric mucosal protection by chronic restraint: effects of vagotomy.
AB  - This study was performed to determine the effects of vagotomy on the gastric
      mucosal resistance to ethanol injury that develops in the rat in response to
      prolonged mild restraint. The resistance to ethanol injury up to 4 days after
      cessation of chronic mild restraint (CMR) was also examined. Intragastric
      administration of ethanol/acid to rats previously subjected to 10 days of CMR
      produced significantly (P less than 0.0001) less damage than to the mucosae of
      control rats. While previous exposure to CMR appeared to prevent the necrotic
      gastric damage induced by ethanol, damage to the surface epithelium was not
      prevented. When similar experiments were performed on CMR and control rats that
      had truncal vagotomy, the extent of ethanol/acid injury in the two groups was not
      significantly different. Intragastric administration of ethanol/acid to 8-day CMR
      rats produced 91% less (P less than 0.005) gastric damage than in control rats.
      When ethanol was administered 2 days after cessation of CMR, the gastric injury
      was still significantly less (P less than 0.01) than in control rats. However,
      when ethanol was administered 4 days after cessation of CMR, the resulting damage
      was not significantly different from that of control mucosae. These studies
      suggest that intact vagal innervation may be necessary for adaptation of the
      gastric mucosa to chronic mild restraint. These adaptive changes are still
      present up to 4 days after cessation of the restraint procedure.

PMID- 3881049
TI  - Meditation and psychotherapy: a rationale for the integration of dynamic
      psychotherapy, the relaxation response, and mindfulness meditation.
AB  - A framework for the integration of meditation and psychotherapy is presented
      through a consideration of the psychobiological nature of meditation (the
      relaxation response) and discussion of a traditional meditation practice
      (mindfulness meditation) as an effective cognitive technique for the development
      of self-awareness. The mechanisms by which the emotional and cognitive changes of
      meditation can be of therapeutic value are explored and the synergistic
      advantages of the combination of psychotherapy and meditation are discussed.

PMID- 3881050
TI  - "Bulimia" has different meanings.

PMID- 3881052
TI  - Industry invites regulation: the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906.
AB  - Ending its 27-year stranglehold on proposals for federal pure food and drug
      legislation, Congress passed the Pure Food and Drug Act and its companion bill,
      the Meat Inspection Act, on June 30, 1906. An unprecedented convergence of
      consumer, scientific, and industrial support in 1906 prompted such action; most
      industries even planned for it, hoping regulation would restore the
      competitiveness of their products on weak foreign and domestic markets. The ways
      in which these interests converged, and the reasons therefore, suggest a change
      in their relationships to each other and with the federal government as America
      headed into the twentieth century.

PMID- 3881051
TI  - Oral physostigmine treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Twelve patients with Alzheimer's disease received 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg
      of oral physostigmine every 2 hours for 3-5 days; symptoms after each dose were
      assessed with the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale. Placebo and the dose
      associated with the least severe symptoms were then readministered for 3-5 days
      each. Of the 10 patients who completed the study, three showed clinically
      significant improvement on the highest physostigmine dose in both phases, four
      more were marginally improved in both phases, and three had inconsistent
      responses to physostigmine. Cortisol measures obtained during a sleep study
      suggest that patients whose symptoms improved on physostigmine were those in whom
      oral physostigmine enhanced central cholinergic activity.

PMID- 3881053
TI  - Regulating the introduction of heart and liver transplantation.

PMID- 3881054
TI  - Florence Nightingale on public health nursing.
AB  - Florence Nightingale, in addition to her role in initiating nursing education
      programs, was also involved in developing nursing for the sick poor at home and
      in workhouses through her work for poor law and workhouse reform of the 1860s.
      Her writings on public health nursing--11 items that were written during a space
      of more than 30 years--emphasize the need for special training for public health
      nurses, the importance of sanitation and disease prevention through the nurse's
      teaching of the sick poor, and the demoralizing nature of poverty and
      pauperization.

PMID- 3881055
TI  - Founder's lecture. Gastrointestinal surgery: then and now.

PMID- 3881056
TI  - Duodenal ulcers and their surgical treatment: where did they come from?

PMID- 3881057
TI  - Objective evaluation of ampullary stenosis with ultrasonography and pancreatic
      stimulation.
AB  - Ultrasonography can detect changes in pancreatic and bile duct sizes after
      pancreatic stimulation by secretin or morphine and prostigmine. The effects of
      the two pharmacologic regimens on pancreatic duct dilatation were comparable and
      correlated with papillary stenosis determined at surgery, but the morphine and
      prostigmine combination produced more false-positive responses than did secretin.
      After administration of intravenous secretin (1 unit/kg), the pancreatic duct
      dilated in 83 percent of 12 symptomatic patients found at surgery to have a
      stenotic sphincter of Oddi and in 72 percent of 17 symptomatic patients found to
      have a stenotic accessory papilla associated with the pancreas divisum anomaly.
      Comparable dilatation occurred in 14 percent of 14 control subjects without
      suspected ampullary disease and in none of 10 patients with surgically disproved
      stenosis (p less than 0.001). The morphine and prostigmine combination produced
      more false-positive results in both the pancreatic duct and bile duct.
      Concomitant elevation of the serum amylase level and reproduction of pain were
      found to be of no discriminatory value. In patients whose pancreatic duct dilated
      preoperatively during secretin stimulation, dilatation did not occur after
      surgical sphincteroplasty. A positive test result was associated with a 90
      percent success rate in preventing recurrent pancreatitis and ameliorating pain.
      A negative test result was associated with a 29 percent success rate.
      Ultrasonography of the pancreatic duct with secretin stimulation may provide
      objective criteria to supplement clinical judgment in selecting patients for
      sphincteroplasty to treat stenosis of either the sphincter of Oddi or the
      accessory papilla in pancreas divisum.

PMID- 3881058
TI  - A pharmacokinetic approach to the use of theophylline in status asthmaticus.

PMID- 3881059
TI  - Correlation of allergy test results obtained by IgE FAST, RAST, and prick
      puncture methods.
AB  - Prick skin testing and IgE FASTTM results were compared in eight atopic patients,
      using a comparable class system. Identical results were found in 53.5% of the
      cases; a total of 85.7% of the results were within one class difference. Sera
      from 436 patients were assayed for specific IgE to 94 allergens for a total of
      436 test comparisons using IgE FASTTM and modified RAST. Identical results were
      found in 41.7% of cases; a total of 81.4% of the tests differed by one class or
      less. The IgE FAST showed good correlation both with prick testing and modified
      RAST. IgE FAST appears to be a valid non-radioactive, time-efficient method for
      detecting specific IgE to common inhalant and environmental allergens.

PMID- 3881060
TI  - Participation of platelets in the physiologic alterations of the AGEPC response
      and of IgE anaphylaxis in the rabbit. Effects of PGI2 inhibition of platelet
      function.
AB  - To further clarify the platelet dependence of acetyl glyceryl ether
      phosphorylcholine (AGEPC) physiologic activity and of IgE anaphylaxis in the
      rabbit, PGI2 was employed as an inhibitor of in vivo platelet function.
      Intravenous infusion of PGI2 (1 to 2 micrograms/kg/min) inhibited the AGEPC
      induced decrease in dynamic compliance, increase in total pulmonary resistance,
      and transient decrease in tidal volume, but the right ventricular hypertension,
      bradycardia, and apnea were unaffected. Although PGI2 itself produced a marked
      systemic hypotension, AGEPC still induced a bimodal hypotensive response.
      Documentation that platelet function was inhibited by PGI2 included partial
      inhibition of AGEPC-induced thrombocytopenia, abrogation of platelet secretion
      (as assessed by plasma platelet factor 4 levels), and inhibition of ex vivo
      platelet aggregation. The AGEPC-induced leukopenia was not affected. In another
      group of rabbits, chlorpheniramine pretreatment inhibited the lung mechanical
      changes induced by AGEPC but did not affect the ventilatory or circulatory
      alterations, indicating that the lung mechanical alterations (but not any of the
      other alterations) are mediated by platelet-secreted histamine acting via H1
      receptors. In IgE-producing rabbits intravenously challenged with antigen, PGI2
      had no effect on any of the physiologic alterations, despite substantial
      inhibition of platelet secretion. From these results, together with previous
      platelet depletion studies, we conclude that AGEPC may be a significant mediator
      of the circulatory alterations and apnea of rabbit IgE anaphylaxis by platelet
      independent mechanisms, but neither AGEPC nor platelets appear to be important in
      mediating the anaphylactic lung mechanical alterations.

PMID- 3881061
TI  - Drug susceptibility or drug sensitivity.

PMID- 3881062
TI  - Distribution of ventilation and perfusion during positive end-expiratory pressure
      in the adult respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - The response of respiratory gas exchange to incremental increases in positive end
      expiratory pressure (PEEP) was studied in patients with the adult respiratory
      distress syndrome (ARDS). Fifty total changes in PEEP were studied in 19 PEEP
      trials performed in 16 patients. The initial patterns of ventilation-perfusion
      distribution as measured by the multiple inert gas elimination technique showed a
      large shunt flow (32 +/- 14% of total cardiac output), which was accompanied in
      half of the patients by perfusion to a region of low ventilation-perfusion ratio
      (VA/Q ratio less than 0.1). In 17 PEEP trials, there was an improvement in PaO2
      (increase in PaO2 greater than 10 mmHg over control value) with at least one
      level of PEEP tested. In the 38 PEEP increments in these trials where PaO2 did
      improve, there was either a reduction in shunt alone, a reduction in ventilation
      perfusion regions alone, or a redistribution in blood flow from shunt to regions
      of low or normal ventilation-perfusion ratio. In the increments where no increase
      was observed in PaO2, this reduction in blood flow to shunt or low VA/Q regions
      did not occur. In some instances, there was an increase in ventilation to
      unperfused alveoli and evidence of high ventilation-perfusion ratio (VA/Q greater
      than 10) as the level of PEEP increased. Because patients had an adequate
      pulmonary artery wedge pressure at the start of the PEEP trial (mean wedge
      pressure, 12.8 +/- 1.5 mmHg) improvements in oxygenation could usually be
      attained with only mild decreases in cardiac output.

PMID- 3881063
TI  - Hippocrates never heard of it. The anatomy of a modern epidemic.

PMID- 3881064
TI  - Changes in surgical approach to rectal cancer.
AB  - During the past 7.5 years, 87 patients treated for colorectal adenocarcinoma at
      levels 20 cm and below were studied. The early group was from 1975 to 1978 and
      the late group from 1979 to 1983, during which time the end-to-end anastomotic
      stapler (EEA) was available. There were 16 low anterior resections (LAR) and 16
      abdominoperineal resections (APR) performed in the early group. Thirty-five
      patients underwent LAR, 20 APR, and 8 EEA resections in the late group. Mean
      tumor levels for the early group were LAR 14.2 cm and APR 8.1 cm; late group LAR
      14.9 cm, APR 5.5 cm, and EEA 8.9 cm. Mean distal margins for the early group were
      LAR 4.7 cm, APR 8.0 cm; late group LAR 4.5 cm, APR 6.9 cm, and EEA 2.8 cm.
      Complication rates in the early group were LAR 19 per cent and APR 19 per cent;
      late group LAR 14 per cent; APR and EEA 0 per cent. Local recurrence has occurred
      only in the early group; LAR 12.5 per cent and APR 19 per cent. Cumulative
      survival for the early group is LAR 37 per cent and APR 44 per cent; late group
      LAR 75 per cent, APR 58 per cent, and EEA 100 per cent. Low anterior resections
      can be safely performed for colorectal lesions as low as 6 cm using the EEA--with
      smaller margins and no compromise of recurrence or survival.

PMID- 3881065
TI  - Mammography, sonomammography, and diaphanography (lightscanning). A prospective,
      comparative study with histologic correlation.
AB  - While mammography has become a routine method both for the screening and
      preoperative assessment of breast disease, the role of this modality, especially
      when compared with newer techniques of breast imaging, needs continued
      assessment. Recent advances using sonographic principles and diaphanography
      (light transillumination) must be compared with mammography to define
      specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy in assessing breast lesions. During a 16
      month period between November 1982 and February 1984, 467 women with clinically
      apparent breast disease (symptoms or palpable lesions) were each studied using
      all three imaging techniques of mammography, sonomammography, and diaphanography.
      Of 168 women recommended for biopsy on the basis of these techniques, 84 women
      had histologic confirmation during this study period. Benign breast disease was
      diagnosed histologically in 38 women, while carcinoma was found in 46 patients.
      These techniques showed no significant differences in predicting benign or
      malignant disease when rates of sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity are
      computed. Diaphanography (lightscanning), allowed for consistently correct
      interpretation of cases proven to be histologically malignant and showed a false
      negative rate comparable with x-ray mammography. We conclude that diaphanography
      is a sensitive indicator of both benign and malignant breast disease while
      serving as a reliable predictor of clinically apparent breast lesions without the
      potential problems of radiation exposure.

PMID- 3881066
TI  - Biofeedback for headaches. Health and Public Policy Committee, American College
      of Physicians.

PMID- 3881067
TI  - Captopril and insulin sensitivity.

PMID- 3881068
TI  - Diagnostic efficacy of impedance plethysmography for clinically suspected deep
      vein thrombosis. A randomized trial.
AB  - Impedance plethysmography is an accurate noninvasive method to test for proximal
      vein thrombosis, but it is insensitive to calf-vein thrombi. We randomly assigned
      patients on referral with clinically suspected deep-vein thrombosis and normal
      impedance plethysmographic findings to either serial impedance plethysmography
      alone or combined impedance plethysmography and leg scanning (which has been
      shown to be essentially as sensitive as venography) and compared the long-term
      outcomes. During the initial surveillance, deep-vein thrombosis was detected in 6
      of 311 patients (1.9%) tested by serial impedance plethysmography alone and in 30
      of 323 patients (9.3%) (most with calf-vein thrombi) tested by the combined
      approach (p less than 0.001). During long-term follow-up, no patient died from
      pulmonary embolism; but 6 patients (1.9%; 95% confidence limits, 0.7% to 4.2%)
      tested by serial impedance plethysmography developed deep-vein thrombosis
      compared with 7 patients (2.2%; 95% confidence limits, 0.9% to 4.4%) tested by
      the combined approach. Serial impedance plethysmography used alone is an
      effective strategy to evaluate such symptomatic patients.

PMID- 3881069
TI  - Captopril-associated cholestatic jaundice.
AB  - Captopril, the competitive inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, is of
      considerable benefit in difficult-to-manage forms of hypertension. Its use has
      been associated with various untoward effects, but hepatic injury has not been
      widely reported. We treated a patient with captopril-associated cholestatic
      jaundice; a review of cases reported to the drug manufacturer and a review of the
      literature showed 13 additional cases of hepatic injury associated with
      captopril. In 9 of these the jaundice was categorized as cholestatic, and in 4 of
      the remaining 5 as mixed cholestatic-hepatocellular. These findings show that
      jaundice may be an idiosyncratic side effect of captopril, and that captopril
      associated jaundice characteristically has strongly cholestatic features.

PMID- 3881070
TI  - Aging-related cataract: laboratory investigation and clinical management.
AB  - Cataract disrupts the crystalline lens, a transparent, elastic, avascular,
      biconvex structure composed of a capsule, lens epithelium, and lens fiber cells.
      Many factors contribute to the progression of lens opacity, but aging is most
      frequently associated with cataract. As aging-related cataract develops, many
      biochemical and biophysical changes occur, most notably a marked increase in the
      insolubilization of the crystallin and extensive oxidation damage to many of the
      lens constituents. Cataract management should include ophthalmologic history and
      examination, medical evaluation, optical correction, control of ocular and
      systemic disease that may contribute to cataract, discontinuation of
      cataractogenic drugs, and periodic reexamination. Surgery is indicated when
      cataract is associated with vision decrease interfering with activities important
      to the patient, intraocular inflammation or glaucoma, or interference with
      management of posterior segment disease. More than 600 000 cataract operations
      are done in the United States each year; in 1982 an estimated 496 000 cataract
      operations were combined with intraocular lens implantation.

PMID- 3881071
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage: role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of
      interstitial lung disease.
AB  - Bronchoalveolar lavage has emerged as a useful technique for the study of
      pulmonary interstitial disorders. Several types of information are provided by
      the evaluation of lavage fluid. First, the identification of cellular
      constituents helps to separate inflammatory processes in which lymphocytes
      predominate (for example, sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and
      berylliosis) from those in which neutrophils or macrophages predominate (for
      example, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and histiocytosis X). Second, the cells
      removed during lavage can be studied for their immune properties and function;
      tested with specific antigens, in diseases such as berylliosis and
      hypersensitivity pneumonitis; and examined for the presence of unique surface
      antigens with monoclonal antibodies (for example, histiocytosis X). Third, in
      conjunction with scanning electron microscopy and electron probe analysis, lavage
      makes possible the identification of inorganic particles in alveolar macrophages
      of patients with pneumoconiotic lung disease. Finally, although lavage is still
      an investigative procedure for most pulmonary disorders, it has an established
      role in the diagnosis of opportunistic infections in the immunocompromised
      patient.

PMID- 3881072
TI  - Salmonella infections in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Defects in T-cell function have been seen in patients with the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome. Although the cellular immune system plays a key role
      in host defense against Salmonella, there have been no detailed reports of
      salmonellosis in patients with this syndrome. We report our experience with
      salmonella infections in six patients. Salmonellosis in these patients was
      unusually severe, characterized by widespread infection, bacteremia, and relapse,
      despite standard antibiotic treatment. Because of the difficulty in eradicating
      salmonella infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,
      long-term suppressive treatment with antibiotics seems warranted.

PMID- 3881073
TI  - Recurrent Salmonella typhimurium bacteremia associated with the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Seven Haitian and one white patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
      and Salmonella typhimurium bacteremia were identified over a 28-month period. In
      three patients bacteremia developed concurrently with an opportunistic infection
      associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The remaining five
      patients had their initial episodes of bacteremia 3 to 11 months before the
      diagnosis of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. These five patients had
      signs suggestive of the syndrome, plus evidence of disordered cellular immune
      function (lymphopenia, anergy, decreased T-helper cells, decreased proliferative
      responses, and a deficiency in mononuclear-cell alpha interferon production).
      Salmonella typhimurium bacteremia in the appropriate clinical setting may be an
      opportunistic pathogen associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3881074
TI  - Actinomycetales infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Four parenteral drug abusers with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome had
      nonmycobacterial actinomycetales infections. Three patients had nocardiosis and
      one developed a streptomyces lymphadenitis. There was pericardial involvement in
      two patients, and two patients died. Presumptive diagnoses were often incorrect,
      highlighting the risks of empiric therapy in these patients. Four of the nine
      patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and nocardia or streptomyces
      infections whose cases were reported to the Centers for Disease Control also had
      mycobacterial disease. A common susceptibility to these agents may exist in these
      immunosuppressed patients.

PMID- 3881075
TI  - Salmonella typhimurium enteritis and bacteremia in the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome.

PMID- 3881076
TI  - Cancer in the elderly: basic science and clinical aspects.
AB  - The incidence of cancer increases progressively with age. Rearrangements of
      genomes have been found to accompany cellular aging. These factors, in concert
      with age-dependent alterations in immune function and host defense, may help to
      explain the increased risk of malignant disease in aged persons. The clinical
      presentation and natural history of neoplasia are also affected by aging. This
      conference reviews recent developments in these areas, examines the effects of
      drug use in the elderly and implications for management, and discusses current
      information on how age may influence the response of cancer to therapy.

PMID- 3881077
TI  - Dickens, Dombey, and diagnostics.

PMID- 3881078
TI  - The history and evolution of surgical instruments. IV Probes and their allies.

PMID- 3881079
TI  - Primary suture of the perineal wound using constant suction and irrigation,
      following rectal excision for inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - Thirty-four consecutive patients with inflammatory bowel disease underwent
      proctectomy with primary closure of the perineal wound. Throughout this period
      neither preoperative perineal sepsis nor intraoperative soiling was a
      contraindication to primary closure. An overall primary healing rate of 82% was
      obtained. It appears that the commonest cause of perineal wound breakdown is the
      inability of the suction catheter to drain all the serous fluid from the perineal
      space, resulting in discharge from the suture line and wound breakdown.

PMID- 3881080
TI  - Characterization of skeletal muscle insulin receptor.
AB  - The insulin receptor from rat skeletal muscle was characterized. Treatment of
      muscle membranes with the photoactive insulin analog, 125I[N-epsilonB29
      monoazidobenzoyl]-insulin revealed a single protein band of 135,000 Da, the alpha
      subunit. Iodination of total membrane protein followed by Triton X-100
      solubilization and immunoprecipitation demonstrated the presence of a protein
      band of 90,000 Da, the beta subunit, together with a protein band of 190,000 Da,
      which may be the receptor precursor. In partially purified receptor preparations,
      the beta subunit exhibited dose-dependent, insulin-stimulated phosphorylation
      with incorporation of phosphate solely into tyrosine residues, which was also
      observed in the 190,000-Da receptor precursor. Purified plasma membranes
      contained a large amount of insulin-degrading activity which had to be
      inactivated prior to performing insulin-binding studies. If degradation of
      insulin was not prevented, apparent enhanced binding in the presence of unlabeled
      insulin was observed.

PMID- 3881081
TI  - Characterization of light-harvesting mutants of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. I.
      Measurement of the efficiency of energy transfer from light-harvesting complexes
      to the reaction center.
AB  - Light-harvesting mutants of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides lacking either the B800
      850 complex or the B875 complex have been characterized by their absorption
      spectra in the visible and near-infrared region, and by their ability to transfer
      energy from the light-harvesting complexes to the reaction center. A new method
      of measuring the relative efficiency of energy transfer from the light-harvesting
      complexes to the reaction center is described. The B875- mutant had absorption
      maxima in the near-infrared at 800 and 849 nm with no evidence of an 875-nm
      shoulder. The efficiency of energy transfer from the light-harvesting complexes
      to the reaction center in the B875- mutant was 24% of the value measured for the
      wild-type strain and the B800-850- mutant. Yet, despite the fact that the
      efficiency of energy transfer for the B800-850- mutant and the wild-type strain
      were the same, there was a large difference in their photosynthetic unit size.
      These results are discussed in the context of a model in which light energy
      captured by the B800-850 complexes is transferred through the B875 complexes to
      the reaction center.

PMID- 3881082
TI  - Structure and action of heteronemertine polypeptide toxins: importance of
      amphipathic helix for activity of Cerebratulus lacteus toxin A-III.
AB  - The marine heteronemertine Cerebratulus lacteus produces a family of protein
      cytolysins designated as A-toxins. Limited subtilisin digests of the most
      abundant homolog, toxin A-III, yield two major products which may be purified by
      high-performance liquid chromatography. One product is shown to represent
      residues 1-86 and the other contains the entire toxin sequence (1-95). Both
      polypeptides are shown to lack internal protease nicks. The 1-95 polypeptide
      retains full cytolytic activity in comparison to native toxin, whereas 1-86 has
      an activity that is approximately four times lower. Extensive treatment of A-III
      with carboxypeptidase Y yields a polypeptide containing residues 1-75 which is
      totally devoid of hemolytic activity. Residues 63-95 of native A-III have been
      predicted to form a relatively hydrophobic alpha-helix which is potentially
      important for activity. The circular dichroism spectrum of 1-95 is in excellent
      agreement with both experimental and Chou-Fasman-predicted secondary structures
      of native A-III, while the spectra of 1-86 and 1-75 indicate a loss of helicity
      quantitatively consistent with the removal of residues 87-95 and 76-95,
      respectively. Combined with our earlier data on bilayer penetration by N-terminal
      sequences (K. M. Blumenthal (1982) Biochemistry 21, 4229-4233], the current
      results indicate a direct involvement of both ends of A-III in lytic activity.
      The C-terminal region may function by contributing a membrane binding site in the
      form of an amphipathic helix.

PMID- 3881083
TI  - Purification and characterization of a rat liver cytosol neutral thiol peptidase
      that degrades glucagon, insulin, and isolated insulin A and B chains.
AB  - A thiol peptidase that catalyzes at near neutral pH the hydrolysis of insulin,
      the isolated A and B chains of insulin, and glucagon was purified from rat liver
      cytosol by fractionation on Sephadex G-200, Affi-Gel Blue, and Spherogel TSK-G
      3000 SW. The purified enzyme showed a single component by chromatography on a
      Spherogel TSK column and by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-200 column. The native
      enzyme has a molecular weight of approximately 180,000 and consists of two
      subunits having pI's of 5.9 and 6.3. Studies on its substrate specificity showed
      that the purified enzyme degrades glucagon, insulin, insulin B chain, and insulin
      A chain, but it does not degrade proinsulin, ACTH, or denatured hemoglobin.
      Kinetic analyses were performed on three substrates. The Km values were: 34 nM
      for insulin, 276 nM for insulin B chain, and 3.5 microM for glucagon. The kcat
      and Vm/Km values were glucagon greater than B chain greater than insulin. Thus,
      the enzyme has the highest affinity/lowest efficiency for insulin, an
      intermediate affinity/intermediate efficiency for B chain of insulin and the
      lowest affinity/highest efficiency for glucagon. The effect of several potential
      activators and inhibitors on the enzyme's activity was investigated. The enzyme
      activity was markedly inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuribenzoic acid,
      iodoacetamide, and Np-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), and was
      partially inhibited by dithiothreitol, by the chelating agents EDTA and EGTA, and
      by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). Bacitracin inhibited the activity of the
      enzyme, but the protease inhibitors aprotinin, leupeptin, pepstatin, and
      phosphoramidon had little or no effect. Reduced glutathione, iodoacetate, and N
      alpha,p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) also had little or no effect on
      the enzyme activity.

PMID- 3881084
TI  - Inhibitors of nitrofuran reduction in Escherichia coli: evidence for their
      existence, partial purification, binding of nitrofurantoin in vitro, and
      implications for nitrofuran resistance.
AB  - Nitrofurantoin (NF)-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli were isolated as
      described previously (18). One of the mutants (SSJ-2) was found to possess NF
      reductase activity equal to that of its parent (E. coli KL16). Two NF-resistant
      transductional derivatives, SSJ-2A and SSJ-2B, were isolated using SSJ-2 as the
      donor. SSJ-2 was found to be a double mutant carrying two mutations, nfnA and
      nfnB, while SSJ-2A (nfnA) and SSJ-2B (nfnB) carried these mutations individually.
      Heated extracts from SSJ-2A and SSJ-2B were found to inhibit the reduction of NF
      by unheated extracts of the NF-sensitive strain E. coli KL16 in vitro. Unheated
      extracts of these mutants reduced NF poorly relative to E. coli KL16. The poor
      reduction of NF by unheated extracts of SSJ-2A and SSJ-2B was greatly stimulated
      by heated extracts of SSJ-2B and SSJ-2A, respectively, and also by heated
      extracts of E. coli KL16. When heated extracts of SSJ-2A and SSJ-2B were mixed in
      a particular ratio and added to unheated extracts of E. coli KL16 they lost their
      inhibitory activity. Two proteins, designated inhibitor A and inhibitor B, have
      been partially purified from heated extracts of SSJ-2B and SSJ-2A, respectively.
      Their respective molecular weights, as determined by gel chromatography, were
      37,000 and 20,500. The two inhibitors bound nitrofurantoin in vitro, and the NF
      binding ability was lost when mixed in the molar ration of 3/1 (B/A). These
      observations were rationalized in terms of a hypothesis which explains (i)
      maximal NF reduction in wild-type cells, (ii) maximal NF reduction of nfnA-nfnB-
      double mutant, and (iii) poor NF reduction in nfnA- or nfnB- single mutants. The
      possible role of these inhibitors in nitrofurantoin resistance is also discussed.

PMID- 3881085
TI  - Extensive synthesis of poly[r(G-C)] using Escherichia coli RNA polymerase.
AB  - Conditions have been found that allow for extensive synthesis of poly[r(G-C)]
      using Escherichia coli RNA polymerase with a poly[d(I-C) X poly[d(I-C)] template.
      The extensive synthesis, in which many copies of the template were produced by
      the enzyme, continued for 24 h. Repeated addition of the template was necessary
      for synthesis to continue, as the poly[r(G-C)] appeared to be binding to the
      template, inhibiting transcription by the polymerase. Four hundred ODU, or 20 mg
      of the poly[r(G-C)] has been prepared using 0.3 mg of protein.

PMID- 3881086
TI  - [Phase III study of bestatin in patients with malignant skin tumors. (1)
      Malignant melanoma].
AB  - As a co-operative study involving 18 medical research institutions, we have made
      a randomized, controlled study (phase III study) of Bestatin in the treatment of
      malignant melanoma (stage Ib, II) over the last 4 years. The results were as
      follows; Bestatin significantly prolonged disease-free intervals by 9-20 month.
      Bestatin significantly prolonged survival periods by 10-16 months. Side effects
      of Bestatin, chiefly comprising of reversible gastro-intestinal disturbances,
      were observed in 7.1% of Bestatin-treated cases. These findings suggest that
      Bestatin is a very useful agent for treating for stage Ib and II malignant
      melanomas.

PMID- 3881087
TI  - Fungus-host relationship in candidiasis. A brief review.
AB  - Candidiasis and its causative agent, Candida albicans, have been under continuous
      study in our clinics and laboratories for the past 20 years. Cultured cells of C
      albicans and tissues from natural and experimental infections were used for
      observations by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning
      electron microscopy and freeze fracture techniques. In cultures, the cells of C
      albicans revealed a more complex cell wall, plasma membrane, intracellular
      organelles, and biochemical organization than those described in classic text
      books on mycology. In infected tissues, noteworthy characteristics of C albicans
      were prominent vacuoles and invasion of host cells with subsequent intracellular
      localization and lysis of tissues surrounding the fungus. These findings are
      discussed in relation to their importance in the pathogenesis and management of
      candidiasis and to the mechanism of action of anticandida agents.

PMID- 3881088
TI  - Correlation of the vasoconstriction assay and clinical activity in psoriasis.
AB  - A large group of glucocorticosteroid formulations were assayed by the
      vasoconstriction test in normal skin sites and paired comparison studies in
      patients with psoriasis. Excellent correlation between the vasoconstriction assay
      and selected paired comparison studies occurred in 20 of 23 instances. In three
      instances, involving two glucocorticosteroid formulations tested, correlation was
      absent. The vasoconstrictor assay is an inexpensive and reliable method for
      screening glucocorticosteroid formulations for clinical activity in psoriasis.

PMID- 3881089
TI  - Membrane attack complex of complement in dermatitis herpetiformis.
AB  - The assembly of membrane attack complex (MAC) of complement implies activation of
      complement to the attachment of C9 and the presence of MAC on tissue suggests a
      possible pathogenic role for complement in disease since MAC is able to damage
      membranes. We examined normal skin of five patients with dermatitis herpetiformis
      for the presence of MAC using a monoclonal antibody (poly C9-MA) that recognizes
      a neoantigen of C9 that is not present on monomeric C9 but is common to both
      isolated MAC and to polymerized C9. Granular deposits of polymerized C9 were
      found at the sites of IgA deposition in the dermal papillae of normal skin from
      all patients. The pathologic importance of this finding is uncertain.

PMID- 3881090
TI  - Neutrophil-generated active oxygens in linear IgA bullous dermatosis.
AB  - To examine the possible correlation between tissue injury and neutrophil-produced
      active oxygens (AOs) in patients with linear IgA bullous dermatosis (BD), we
      studied the capacity of neutrophils from six patients with BD to generate AOs.
      Cultured endothelial cells from human umbilical-cord vein were also incubated
      with the patients' neutrophils to assess AO-induced tissue injury. The AO
      production by patients' neutrophils was significantly elevated. The patients'
      neutrophils, as well as those from healthy controls preincubated with patients'
      serum, produced significantly increased levels of cytotoxic response on
      coincubation with chromium 51-labeled human endothelial cells. These results
      suggest that the tissue damage observed in BD may be partially due to both
      excessive production of AOs by neutrophils and a serum factor present in the
      patients, and further postulate the similar pathogenic process in dermatitis
      herpetiformis.

PMID- 3881091
TI  - The first hundred years. Annals of Surgery and a century of progress.

PMID- 3881093
TI  - Lewis Stephen Pilcher, founding editor of the Annals of Surgery. Editor for 50
      consecutive years.

PMID- 3881092
TI  - The pathophysiology of experimental insulin-deficient diabetes in the monkey.
      Implications for pancreatic transplantation.
AB  - In an 11-year study of experimental insulin-deficient diabetes (IDDM) induced in
      rhesus monkeys by streptozotocin or total pancreatectomy, the authors have found
      that pathophysiologic changes occur in eye and kidney, which closely resemble the
      early stages of human insulin deficient diabetes mellitus (IDDM). In addition,
      morphologic changes of thickening of glomerular capillary basement membrane and
      expansion of mesangial matrix (by light microscopy) appear within 3 years of
      onset of hyperglycemia. However, progression to irreversible complications of
      advanced diabetic nephropathy or proliferative retinopathy, have not occurred.
      This animal model resembles human disease in that the animals tend to become
      ketotic unless maintained with exogenous insulin; C-peptide production is low to
      absent, and large amounts of glycosylated hemoglobin develop within a month of
      onset. The monkeys differ from humans in the absence of hypertension and
      hyperlipidemia. The authors suggest that the abnormalities in basement membrane
      form and function caused by hyperglycemia form the necessary background upon
      which other factors, such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia, then act to cause
      irreversible complications. The role of pancreatic transplantation is in
      prevention of these background changes.

PMID- 3881094
TI  - Mersilene ribbon closure of the median sternotomy: an improvement over wire
      closure.
AB  - With the increased utilization of median sternotomy in thoracic surgery, some
      difficulties have arisen with closure of the sternum. This article presents a
      simple, easy-to-perform method of sternal closure utilizing reinforcement of the
      sternal halves with a material that is less likely to cut through the sternum and
      that is readily available.

PMID- 3881095
TI  - Positive and negative symptoms and Jackson. A conceptual history.
AB  - The old distinction between positive and negative symptoms has of late been
      reclaimed to describe the symptomatology of schizophrenia. The commonly held view
      that it originated with J. H. Jackson is inaccurate. This distinction should be
      attributed to J. R. Reynolds; current usage is reynoldian in that it does not
      presuppose the complex theoretical model that characterized the jacksonian view.

PMID- 3881096
TI  - Opacification for arteriography.

PMID- 3881097
TI  - William A. Altemeier, MD: surgeon and bacteriologist. Presidential address.

PMID- 3881098
TI  - Folate metabolism, the enterohepatic circulation and alcohol.

PMID- 3881099
TI  - Reductases for carbonyl compounds in human liver.
AB  - Two aldehyde reductases with mol. wt 78,000 and 32,000 and one carbonyl reductase
      with mol. wt 31,000 were purified to homogeneity from human liver cytosol. The
      high molecular weight aldehyde reductase exhibited properties similar to alcohol
      dehydrogenase; it had a single subunit of mol. wt 41,000 and a pI value of 10 to
      10.5, and showed preference for NADH over NADPH as cofactor and sensitivity to SH
      reagents, pyrazole, o-phenanthroline and isobutyramide. The enzyme reduced
      aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, alicyclic ketones and alpha-diketones and an
      optimal pH of 6.0, and oxidized various alcohols with NAD as a cofactor at an
      optimal pH of 8.8. The identity of the enzyme with alcohol dehydrogenase was
      established by starch gel electrophoresis and co-purification of the two enzymes.
      The other enzymes were NADPH-dependent and monomeric reductases; the aldehyde
      reductase reduced aldehydes, hexonates and alpha-diketones and was sensitive to
      barbiturates, diphenylhydantoin and valproate, while the carbonyl reductase
      showed a broad substrate specificity for aldehydes, ketones and quinones and was
      inhibited by SH-reagent, quercitrin and benzoic acid. The latter enzyme appeared
      in three multiforms with different charges which occurred in differing ratios in
      liver specimens. Comparison of kinetic constants for aldehydes among the enzymes
      indicated that alcohol dehydrogenase is the best reductase with the highest
      affinity and Kcat values. The enzyme also catalyzed oxidation and reduction of
      aromatic aldehydes in the presence of NAD at physiological pH of 7.2. Tissue
      distribution of the three enzymes and variation of their specific activities in
      human livers were examined.

PMID- 3881100
TI  - Conversion of dopamine D1 receptors from high to low affinity for dopamine.

PMID- 3881101
TI  - Age-dependent changes in the synthesis and catabolism of 6 oxo PGE1 and other
      prostanoids by the rat kidney in vitro.
AB  - Synthesis and catabolism of 6 oxo PGE1 was assessed in 100,000 g cell-free
      supernatant fractions of kidneys obtained from rats aged 20, 34 and 70 days. In
      addition the release of PGI2, TxA2 (measured as 6 oxo PGF1 alpha and TxB2,
      respectively), PGE2 and PGF2 alpha from kidney slices prepared from these three
      groups of rats was determined using specific radioimmunoassays. The conversion of
      PGI2 to 6 oxo PGE1 (but not 13,14 dihydro 15 oxo PGF2 alpha to 13,14 dihydro 15
      oxo PGE2) was detected in supernatant fractions of kidneys from 20 day rats.
      Slices prepared from the kidneys of these animals spontaneously released
      significant amounts of three prostanoids (6 oxo PGF1 alpha greater than PGE2
      greater than PGF2 alpha greater than TxB2 = 0). No formation of 6 oxo PGE1 from
      exogenous PGI2 was demonstrated in renal 100,000 g supernates from 34 and 70 day
      rats even though these supernates avidly oxidised 13,14 dihydro 15 oxo PGF2 alpha
      to 13,14 dihydro 15 oxo PGE2. In these animals the rank order of prostanoid
      release from kidney slices was PGE2 greater than 6 oxo PGF1 alpha greater than
      PGF2 alpha greater than TxB2 = 0. The catabolism of 6 oxo PGE1 is also age
      dependent. In 20 and 34 day old rats 6 oxo PGE1 and PGE1 incubated with renal
      100,000 g supernates undergo loss of biological activity as determined by the
      ability to inhibit ADP induced human platelet aggregation. In contrast, kidney
      100,000 g supernates prepared from 70 day rats convert 6 oxo PGE1 to an
      unidentified metabolite with more potent anti-aggregatory activity. The
      possibility that 6 oxo PGE1 has a biological role in the developing rat kidney is
      discussed.

PMID- 3881102
TI  - 1984-2034: the next half-century for American rheumatology.

PMID- 3881103
TI  - Salmonella bacteremia in systemic lupus erythematosus. Eight-year experience at a
      municipal hospital.
AB  - Non-endemic Salmonella bacteremia tends to occur in patients with chronic
      disease. We reviewed all cases of Salmonella infection documented in adults at
      Bellevue Hospital during the years 1975-1982. Unexpectedly, the most frequent
      underlying disease found among bacteremic patients was systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE). Patients with SLE accounted for 6 of 30 Salmonella
      bacteremias as compared with 13 of 2,388 non-Salmonella gram-negative
      bacteremias. Salmonella was the single most frequent gram-negative isolate from
      the blood of SLE patients. All lupus patients with Salmonella infection were
      bacteremic. In contrast, isolates from blood represented only 23% of all
      Salmonella infections documented in the non-lupus population. Presentation was
      characterized by fever (greater than 103 degrees F) and abdominal pain. Four of
      the 6 patients were hypocomplementemic. All were receiving immunosuppressive
      therapy. We conclude that SLE patients in a municipal hospital setting are at
      increased risk for Salmonella sepsis. This should be considered when empiric
      antibiotic therapy is initiated.

PMID- 3881104
TI  - Beneficial effects of diltiazem and propranolol, alone and in combination, in
      patients with stable angina pectoris.
AB  - The antianginal effects of diltiazem 180 mg/day and propranolol 240 mg/day, alone
      and in combination, were investigated in 15 patients with effort related angina
      in a double blind placebo controlled crossover trial, with each period of
      treatment lasting four weeks. Patients performed a symptom limited treadmill
      exercise test at the end of each period of treatment. Mean (SEM) time to onset of
      angina was increased from 293(32) s when receiving placebo to 347(38) s when
      receiving diltiazem alone, to 350(30) s when receiving propranolol alone, and
      further to 421(34) s when receiving diltiazem and propranolol combined. Similar
      changes occurred in the duration of exercise testing and time to 1 mm ST segment
      depression. The sum of ST segment depression at peak exercise was reduced by both
      diltiazem and propranolol alone compared with placebo, and combination treatment
      produced a further significant improvement. Rate pressure product was
      significantly reduced at rest and at peak exercise after propranolol alone and
      combination treatment. The study clearly showed the superior value of diltiazem
      and propranolol combined in effort related angina when compared with either drug
      used alone.

PMID- 3881105
TI  - Effects of combined alpha and beta adrenoceptor blockade in patients with angina
      pectoris. A double blind study comparing labetalol with placebo.
AB  - The effects of a combined alpha and beta receptor antagonist, labetalol, were
      investigated in 10 patients with chronic stable angina pectoris. The optimal dose
      was determined during an initial dose titration study when the patients were
      treated with 200 mg, 400 mg, and 600 mg (six patients) of labetalol a day. The
      effective dose was then compared with placebo in a double blind randomised study.
      The effects of the drug were monitored with angina diaries, treadmill exercise
      testing, and 48 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic ST segment monitoring.
      Plasma labetalol concentrations were measured during each treatment period. The
      mean effective antianginal dose of labetalol was 480 (SD 140) mg/day given by
      mouth twice a day. There was a dose related reduction in daytime and nocturnal
      heart rate, the frequency of pain was significantly reduced by 41%, and exercise
      duration was significantly increased by 44% with labetalol when compared with
      placebo. The frequency and duration of the episodes of ST segment depression were
      significantly reduced by 56% and 73% respectively with labetalol. Adverse effects
      resulted in a reduction of the dose of labetalol in two patients. Thus labetalol
      is an effective agent in the treatment of angina pectoris.

PMID- 3881106
TI  - Stroke distance--an improved measure of cardiovascular function?

PMID- 3881107
TI  - Assessment of cardiac output by the Doppler ultrasound technique alone.
AB  - The normal range of aortic blood velocity was established in 140 healthy adults,
      using a non-invasive Doppler ultrasound technique. Integration of the area under
      the velocity-time curve for each heart beat gave stroke distance, which, when
      multiplied by heart rate, gave minute distance. Stroke distance and minute
      distance are an indication of stroke volume and cardiac output respectively and
      both show a progressive decline with age of about 1% per annum of adult life.
      Stroke distance gave the greatest discrimination between patient groups and,
      compared with age corrected normal values, was increased by 43% in 12 pregnant
      women, normal in 16 patients convalescing after myocardial infarction, and
      decreased by 14% in 15 patients with hypertension, by 31% in 12 patients with
      atrial fibrillation, and by 43% in 13 patients with cardiac failure. Measurement
      of aortic blood velocity and its derivatives alone, without determination of
      aortic size, is a safe, simple, and physiologically valid way of assessing
      cardiac output.

PMID- 3881108
TI  - Randomised placebo controlled trial of aspirin and dipyridamole in the prevention
      of coronary vein graft occlusion.
AB  - Treatment with the combination of aspirin and dipyridamole is believed to reduce
      the incidence of coronary vein graft occlusion. A double blind randomised
      controlled trial was carried out in which aspirin 990 mg and dipyridamole 225 mg
      daily or placebo were added to the routine postoperative management (warfarin for
      three months) of 320 patients undergoing coronary bypass grafting. The trial
      treatment was given for 12 months, after which the results were assessed by
      coronary and graft angiography. The two randomised groups, each of 160 patients,
      were comparable in age, sex, symptomatic state, angiographic findings, and
      operative procedure. Repeat coronary arteriography was carried out on 266
      patients, 133 in each group. All grafts and distal anastomoses were patent in 68%
      (91/133) of the placebo patients and in 75% (100/133) of those receiving active
      treatment. Overall graft patency was 87% (306/352) and 89% (342/385)
      respectively. Retrospective subgroup analysis showed patency rates of 72% (26/36)
      and 78% (39/50) of grafts to vessels requiring preliminary endarterectomy, and
      80% (36/45) and 91% (40/44) of distal anastomoses to vessels measured at
      operation to have a diameter of less than or equal to 1 mm. None of these
      differences was significant at the 5% level. Thus in this group of patients with
      high graft patency rates, treatment with aspirin and dipyridamole conferred no
      appreciable advantage.

PMID- 3881109
TI  - Induced hypotension and brain ischaemia.

PMID- 3881110
TI  - Head injury and brain ischaemia--implications for therapy.

PMID- 3881111
TI  - Brain oedema following brain ischaemia and the influence of therapy.

PMID- 3881112
TI  - Ionic changes in brain ischaemia and alterations produced by drugs.

PMID- 3881113
TI  - The pathology of brain ischaemia and possibilities for therapeutic intervention.

PMID- 3881114
TI  - Flow thresholds in brain ischaemia and the effects of drugs.

PMID- 3881115
TI  - EEG monitoring and evoked potentials in brain ischaemia.

PMID- 3881116
TI  - Barbiturates in brain ischaemia.
AB  - This review has indicated that barbiturates are useful in controlling ICP during
      anaesthesia in patients with intracranial hypertension. While laboratory data
      indicate that intraoperative administration of barbiturates during episodes of
      transient cerebral ischaemia, associated with surgical revascularization
      procedures, should be efficacious, current intraoperative results claiming
      benefit are anecdotal. Continuous high-dose barbiturate therapy (induced
      barbiturate coma) for occlusive stroke and persistently increased intracranial
      pressure is currently undergoing clinical trials. While it is clear that this
      therapy can often reduce increased ICP in head injured patients, its influence on
      neurological outcome remains to be determined by a multicentre trial at present
      in progress. Despite evidence that high-dose barbiturate therapy can reduce the
      area of infarction in occlusive stroke in the laboratory, organized clinical
      trials have not yet commenced. Until more definitive knowledge is available
      concerning the influence of high-dose barbiturate therapy in treating different
      forms of cerebral ischaemia, its application should be viewed sceptically and
      limited to centres willing to create an organized data base for inter
      institutional evaluation of this form of treatment. If barbiturate therapy proves
      successful and the mechanisms involved are better understood, drugs with fewer
      side-effects and risks may become available to combat cerebral ischaemia.

PMID- 3881117
TI  - Drug therapy in brain ischaemia.

PMID- 3881118
TI  - Transforming ras oncogenes and multistage carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3881119
TI  - Platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin in normal subjects, and in patients with
      benign and malignant tumours of the breast.
AB  - Platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin (PG12) was determined in normal male and
      female subjects, and in patients with benign and malignant tumours of the breast.
      The IC50 overall mean values for PG12 on ADP-induced platelet aggregation were
      similar for normal men and women, being 0.97 +/- 0.05 ng ml-1 and 0.83 +/- 0.07
      ng ml-1 respectively. However, there were significant differences in the IC50
      values for women in the 1st (0.81 +/- 0.06 ng ml-1) vs. 2nd (1.37 +/- 0.13 ng ml
      1) phase of the menstrual cycle; post-menopausal women gave similar values to
      normal males and to pre-menopausal women in the 1st phase of the cycle. No
      significant differences were found between normal subjects and patients with
      benign or malignant tumours of the breast when account was taken of the status of
      the patient in relation to the phase of the menstrual cycle and the menopause.
      The importance of the hormonal status in evaluating changes in platelet
      sensitivity in patients with breast cancer is strongly emphasised.

PMID- 3881120
TI  - Expression of oncofoetal pancreatic antigens in hamster adult pancreas during
      experimental carcinogenesis.
AB  - Foetal acinar components associated with the development of the hamster pancreas
      have been previously defined with the aid of an antifoetal pancreas serum. In
      immunohistology this antiserum also stained malignant ductal cells in N-nitrobis
      (2-oxopropyl) amine (BOP)-induced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. It did not stain
      adult pancreas structures including acini, ducts and islets of Langerhans. In
      this study, re-expression of foetal acinar antigens was disclosed before
      formation of tumours. Adenocarcinomas were not detected by conventional histology
      before the 24th week following initiation of the chemical treatment. However,
      staining with the antiserum was observed from the 7th week appearing in the apex
      of some acini cells having an almost normal histological appearance. Later,
      foetal acinar expression was frequently associated with evident morphological
      alterations in acini like dyskaryosis, enlarged cytoplasm or lumina. Staining of
      ducts with marked atypical epithelium and (as already reported) of neoplastic
      ducts was also observed. It was not detected in other pancreatic lesions viz.
      cystadenomas, mucoid glands and regular hyperplastic ducts. Acinar
      dedifferentiation as assessed by expression of foetal components preceded
      formation of tumours in all instances.

PMID- 3881121
TI  - A partial hydatidiform mole, dispersed throughout the placenta, coexisting with a
      normal living fetus. Case report.

PMID- 3881122
TI  - Controlled trial of external cephalic version.
AB  - A prospective randomized, controlled trial involving 640 singleton breech
      presentations after 30 weeks gestation was conducted to assess the value of
      external cephalic version. In 310 patients external cephalic version was
      attempted; the other 330 patients in whom version was not attempted constituted a
      control group. There were three perinatal deaths directly attributable to
      external cephalic version. No significant differences were found between the
      study and control groups respecting the incidence of vaginal breech delivery,
      caesarean section rate, perinatal mortality and morbidity. Our results suggest
      that there is no place for external cephalic version before 36 weeks gestation.

PMID- 3881123
TI  - Spontaneous cephalic version of breech presentation in the last trimester.
AB  - A prospective longitudinal investigation of spontaneous cephalic version from
      breech presentation in the last trimester is reported. All pregnancies were
      assessed with ultrasound in the 32nd week of gestation, and were thereafter
      checked weekly. Of the 310 singleton breech presentations identified at 32 weeks,
      spontaneous cephalic version occurred in 177 (57%) while breech presentation
      persisted in 133 patients (43%). Of 140 patients with a breech presentation at
      delivery 95% were already presenting by the breech in the 32nd week. Spontaneous
      cephalic version was less likely in pregnancies with extended fetal legs, low
      birth-weight, short umbilical cord and primiparity.

PMID- 3881124
TI  - Long-term culture of human trophoblast cells.
AB  - A technique is presented for the preparation of cultures of replicating human
      trophoblast cells from term placentas. The adherent cells obtained were very slow
      growing (doubling time 12.5 days) as measured by the rate of increase in cell
      protein, [14C]-leucine uptake and cell number. Cells from individual placentas
      have been maintained in continuous culture for up to 1 year (10-12 passages) and
      have been successfully recultured after storage in liquid nitrogen. Cultured
      cells showed positive immunofluorescent staining for human placental lactogen,
      human chorionic gonadotrophin, transferrin and type IV collagen. The adenine
      nucleotide content indicated that energetically the cells were in balance even
      after prolonged culture.

PMID- 3881125
TI  - Efficacy in anterior uveitis of two known steroids and topical tolmetin.
AB  - We have compared the anti-inflammatory efficacy of 5% tolmetin sodium dihydrate,
      0.5% prednisolone disodium phosphate, and 0.1% betamethasone disodium phosphate
      in 71 consecutive patients presenting with acute endogenous non-granulomatous
      uveitis randomly assigned to one of these treatment groups. Inflammatory symptoms
      and signs were scored during the course of the 21-day trial period. There was no
      statistically significant difference in the effect on the signs or symptoms of
      the three drugs tested. 90% of the Betnesol (betamethasone sodium phosphate,
      benzalkonium chloride) treated group were clinically judged cured compared with
      68% of the Predsol (prednisolone sodium phosphate, benzalkonium chloride) treated
      group, and 57% of the tolmetin treated group.

PMID- 3881126
TI  - Experimental ocular siderosis after extrabulbar administration of iron.
AB  - The authors studied the penetration of iron administered extrabulbarly into the
      ocular tissues of rabbits. It was found that iron passes from the orbit into the
      eyeball and accumulates in considerable quantities in the sclera, choroid,
      retina, ciliary body, and even in the vitreous and corneal epithelium. However,
      light microscopy failed to show any damage to the ocular tissues. The mechanism
      by which iron penetrates into the eyeball is discussed, and comparison is made
      between changes in the tissues, which characterise siderosis produced by an
      intrabulbar iron foreign body, and those in which an extrabulbar foreign body is
      involved.

PMID- 3881127
TI  - A new class of sugar analogues for use in the investigation of sugar transport.
AB  - D-Mannose derivatives have been synthesised which are crosslinked through their C
      4 hydroxyls to propyl-2-amine. Coupling to the amino group gave a
      fluorodinitrobenzene derivative, a nitroazidophenyl derivative and an
      azidosalicylamide derivative. Each of these derivatives was shown to have high
      affinity for the human erythrocyte sugar transport system. The affinity constant
      for the nitroazidophenyl derivative was not altered by temperature changes. In
      rat adipocytes treated with insulin, the affinity constants for the derivatives
      were up to 1000-fold lower than for the parent sugar. In the absence of insulin
      the affinity constants for the derivatives, but not for D-mannose, were 3-times
      higher than in insulin-treated cells. By preparation of radiolabelled derivatives
      we have shown that the compounds are not transported either by erythrocytes or by
      adipocytes. Thus the crosslinked sugars are good outside-specific analogues.

PMID- 3881128
TI  - Rhodopsin-egg phosphatidylcholine reconstitution by an octyl glucoside dilution
      procedure.
AB  - The transmembrane protein bovine rhodopsin was reconstituted with egg
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) by using a modified detergent dilution technique
      employing the nonionic detergent octyl-beta-D-glucoside (octyl glucoside). Using
      this technique, reconstituted membranes having molar phospholipid/protein ratios
      between 60:1 and 255:1 were prepared. This is in contrast to the results obtained
      when an octyl glucoside dialysis technique was employed (Jackson, M.L. and
      Litman, B.J. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 5601-5608). In the latter case, the highest
      molar phospholipid/protein ratio that could be obtained when reconstituting
      rhodopsin with egg PC was approximately 50:1. Reconstituted vesicles prepared by
      the octyl glucoside dilution technique were examined by negative stain and freeze
      fracture electron microscopy, and it was found that the vesicles were unilamellar
      providing the molar PC/protein ratio was below about 200:1, whereas in
      preparations having ratios higher than this, a significant number of the vesicles
      were multilamellar. The mean vesicle diameter showed no trend based on the molar
      PC/protein ratio within the range of 82:1 to 186:1. The mean diameters of the
      preparations were between 520 and 850 A. Approximately equal numbers of protein
      particles were observed on the concave and convex fracture faces of the freeze
      fracture micrographs of the reconstituted membranes which is indicative of a
      symmetric distribution of the protein across the bilayer.

PMID- 3881129
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of a peroxisomal protein in rat liver using the
      specific antibody against the non-specific lipid transfer protein (sterol carrier
      protein 2).
AB  - An antibody against the non-specific lipid transfer protein from rat liver was
      purified by immunoabsorbent affinity chromatography. This antibody in conjunction
      with protein A-colloidal gold was used to localize the transfer protein in rat
      liver by electron microscopy. Labeling by this immunocytochemical technique was
      found to be mainly restricted to the peroxisomes; low labeling was observed in
      the cytoplasm. Subsequent analysis of isolated peroxisomes by immunoblotting
      indicated that the non-specific lipid transfer protein (mol. wt. 14800) was
      absent from this organelle and that a protein of molecular weight 58000 was
      responsible for the immunological response. Immunoblotting of the membrane-free
      cytosol showed the presence of both proteins. It remains to be established to
      what extent the non-specific lipid transfer protein in the cytosol and the high
      molecular weight protein in the peroxisomes are related.

PMID- 3881130
TI  - Site specificities of three transfer RNA methyltransferases from yeast.
AB  - The site specificities of two distinct tRNA(m1G)methyltransferases and one
      tRNA(m2G)methyltransferase from yeast have been investigated by heterologous
      methylation and analysis of purified Escherichia coli tRNAs. The two
      tRNA(m1G)methyltransferases were found to be specific for sites 9 and 37,
      respectively. The tRNA(m2G)methyltransferase was specific for site 10. Two of the
      enzymes were purified by affinity chromatography on tRNA-Sepharose.

PMID- 3881131
TI  - The ilvIH operon of Escherichia coli K-12. Identification of the gene products
      and recognition of the translational start by polypeptide microsequencing.
AB  - The ilvI and ilvH gene products were identified physically by electrophoretic
      analysis of in vivo-labelled polypeptides produced in minicells from plasmids
      carrying the wild-type ilvIH operon of Escherichia coli K-12 and derivatives of
      it. An analysis of the distribution of methionine residues in the amino-terminal
      portion of micro-quantities of the ilvI product eluted from gel showed that the
      translational start of the ilvI gene is the promoter-proximal one of three
      putative methionine codons predicted from the DNA sequence.

PMID- 3881132
TI  - The reactivity of the sulphydryl groups of chorismate mutase/prephenate
      dehydratase--a bifunctional enzyme of phenylalanine biosynthesis in Escherichia
      coli K12.
AB  - The reaction of N-ethylmaleimide with chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydratase
      (chorismate pyruvatemutase/prephenate hydrolyase (decarboxylating) EC 5.4.99.5/EC
      4.2.1.51) from Escherichia coli K12, which leads to the preferential inactivation
      of the prephenate dehydratase activity (Gething, M-J.H. and Davidson, B.E. (1977)
      Eur. J. Biochem. 78, 111-117), was found to involve only the sulphydryl groups of
      the enzyme. Determination of the reactivities of the four different cysteine
      residues indicated that the reaction was not specific for a single residue,
      although two residues (Cys-216 and Cys-374) were more reactive than the others.
      The amount of inhibition of the prephenate dehydratase activity approximated in
      extent to the sum of the stoichiometries of the individual reactions of N
      ethylmaleimide with these two cysteine residues. In the presence of either
      phenylpyruvate, the product of the prephenate dehydratase activity, or cis
      aconitate, a competitive inhibitor with respect to prephenate, the prephenate
      dehydratase activity was substantially protected from inactivation. This
      protection was concomitant with a significant decline in the reactivities of both
      Cys-216 and Cys-374. These results are interpreted as indicating that both of
      these cysteine residues are at, or near to, the prephenate dehydratase active
      site and are possibly essential for the prephenate dehydratase activity of the
      enzyme.

PMID- 3881133
TI  - Study of a time lag in the assay of Escherichia coli membrane-bound
      dehydrogenases based on tetrazolium salt reduction.
AB  - The Escherichia coli membrane-bound D-lactate dehydrogenase and succinate
      dehydrogenase were assayed on the basis of the phenazine methosulfate- (PMS-)
      mediated reduction of the tetrazolium salt, MTT. An initial slower phase (lag) in
      the time-course of the reaction was observed and analyzed. The results were as
      follows. (1) The time lag in the assay of the D-lactate dehydrogenase was
      eliminated by preincubating the membranes with PMS plus D-lactate, with PMS plus
      succinate, or with PMS plus NADH (conditions which implicated PMS reduction). (2)
      When the D-lactate dehydrogenase was assayed by another method based on the
      measurement of the pyruvate formed, neither was a time lag observed nor was the
      enzyme activity affected by membrane preincubation with PMS plus D-lactate. (3)
      Although the superoxide radical was involved in MTT reduction, this radical
      seemed not to participate in the generation of the time lag. (4) Membranes whose
      D-lactate dehydrogenase activity had previously been destroyed by heating at 80
      degrees C for 1 min, were able to prolong the time lag in MTT reduction when
      added to the assay medium for the D-lactate dehydrogenase from untreated
      membranes, whereas membranes previously heated at 100 degrees C instead of 80
      degrees C did not have this effect. It was concluded that the E. coli membranes
      interfered in the dehydrogenase assay based on the PMS-mediated reduction of MTT.
      The time lag was interpreted as a period during which the interfering substance
      reacted with reduced PMS inhibiting the reduction of MTT.

PMID- 3881134
TI  - Effects of hormones and pyruvate on the rates of secretion of very-low-density
      lipoprotein triacylglycerol and cholesterol by rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triacylglycerol and
      cholesterol was determined under various conditions in hepatocytes prepared from
      rats maintained on a controlled lighting and feeding schedule. The rate of
      lipogenesis in hepatocytes prepared from rats during the feeding period was 2-3
      fold higher than that in cells prepared immediately before the animals had access
      to food. However, there were no corresponding changes in the rates of secretion
      of triacylglycerol and cholesterol. Pyruvate alone stimulated triacylglycerol
      secretion but had no effect on the secretion of cholesterol. Despite its
      stimulation of lipogenesis, insulin suppressed the secretion of both
      triacylglycerol and cholesterol. This effect on triacylglycerol secretion was
      more pronounced when lipogenesis was enhanced in the presence of pyruvate. Thus,
      insulin may act to alleviate hypertriglyceridaemia, which may arise during
      periods of increased hepatic lipogenesis. The inhibitory effect of glucagon on
      cholesterol secretion was much less pronounced than that on the secretion of
      triacylglycerol. The inhibitory effects of glucagon were reversed by pyruvate on
      cholesterol secretion differed according to whether glucagon was present or
      absent. These results suggest that the rate of hepatic VLDL triacylglycerol
      secretion is not necessarily coupled to the rate of lipogenesis in the liver; nor
      is there any obligatory coupling between the output of triacylglycerol and
      cholesterol associated with VLDL.

PMID- 3881135
TI  - Sarcolemmal glucose transport in Ca2+-tolerant myocytes from adult rat heart.
      Calcium dependence of insulin action.
AB  - Cardiac myocytes were isolated from adult rat ventricles by a method which
      preserves their functional integrity, including long survival in physiological
      concentrations of Ca2+. Sarcolemmal glucose transport was assessed by measuring
      linear initial uptake rates of the nonmetabolized glucose analog 3-O-methyl-D
      glucose. Transport was saturable and showed competition by D-glucose and other
      features of chemical and stereo-selectivity. Transport was stimulated by insulin
      in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in an almost 5-fold increase in Vmax, with
      little change in Km. Stimulation of 3-methylglucose transport by insulin was
      largely Ca2+-dependent. Omission of Ca2+ from the incubation medium caused a
      minor rise in basal 3-methylglucose uptake but the insulin-stimulated rise in
      Vmax was only 30%. The Ca2+ antagonist D600 also antagonized stimulation of
      hexose transport by insulin. In all the above respects, 3-methylglucose transport
      in myocytes is identical to that in intact heart muscle. In addition, the
      decrease in insulin response by Ca2+ omission was partially reversed by
      subsequent return to a Ca2+-containing medium. ATP levels remained stable in the
      absence of Ca2+, showing that the Ca2+ dependence did not reflect nonspecific
      cell damage.

PMID- 3881136
TI  - [Insulin-depositing function of peripheral blood erythrocytes in rats that have
      sustained severe craniocerebral injury].
AB  - Rats with a grave craniocerebral injury were examined over time for the content
      of insulin in red cells (1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 35 days after injury). Alterations
      were found in the affinity of circulating red cells for paraaldehyde fuchsin
      (PAF), linked primarily with a decrease in the proportion of the PAF-resistant
      forms of the cells. It is suggested that in general the data obtained reflect the
      intensification of the receptor function of the red cell membrane.

PMID- 3881137
TI  - [Thymus participation in realizing the immunomodulating action of
      hydrocortisone].
AB  - It has been shown in experiments on CBA mice that in certain conditions injection
      of hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg) results in suppression of the delayed type
      hypersensitivity reaction and prolongation of the skin allograft survival.
      Preliminary thymectomy abolishes the immunomodulating effect of the drug, being,
      in the authors' opinion, the evidence for thymus involvement in mediation of the
      immuno-suppressive effect of hydrocortisone.

PMID- 3881138
TI  - [Spontaneous and mitogen-induced proliferative activity of mononucleocytes in
      pollinosis patients].
AB  - The proliferative response of lymphocytes to mitogens was studied in 17 patients
      according to 3H-thymidine incorporation. The patients had high sensitivity to
      timothy pollen, confirmed by the allergological anamnesis, skin tests, and the
      presence of allergen-specific IgE-antibodies. Mononuclears of peripheral blood
      were cultivated with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to study the response to the
      polyclonal B cell activator, while with PHA to study the response of T cells over
      7 days. The patients with pollinosis manifested increased spontaneous cell
      proliferation. The degree of the proliferative response of the cells to LPS and
      PHA was similar in patients and normal subjects. It is suggested that the
      magnitude of spontaneous proliferation influences the degree of the mitogenic
      response of B cells.

PMID- 3881139
TI  - [Effect of an Opisthorchis infestation on implantation growth of the liver
      epithelium].
AB  - The features of proliferation and differentiation of the liver ductular
      epithelium from animals infected with opisthorchis were specified in experimental
      implantation growth. They manifested themselves in disorders of the mitotic
      regimen and intercellular interactions, in atypical proliferations and primary
      glandular metamorphism of regenerating cells.

PMID- 3881140
TI  - Improved treatment results in childhood acute myelogenous leukemia: a report of
      the German cooperative study AML-BFM-78.
AB  - One hundred fifty-one children with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) entered the
      cooperative study BFM-78 between December 1978 and October 1982. The initial
      therapy consisted of an intensive induction and consolidation regimen over eight
      weeks with seven different drugs and cranial irradiation. It was followed by
      maintenance with thioguanine and cytosine arabinoside for two years and
      additional Adriamycin during the first year. One hundred nineteen (79%) patients
      achieved a complete remission. Thirteen (9%) children died of early hemorrhages.
      After a median follow-up time of 36 (12 to 57) months, 47 relapses have occurred,
      with CNS involvement in seven cases. The life table analysis revealed a
      probability for overall survival after almost five years of 45% (SD, 4%), for
      event-free survival 41% (SD, 4%), and for the event-free interval 52% (SD, 5%).
      Up to now, no relapse was seen after 2 1/2 years. Risk factor analysis showed
      that early fatal hemorrhages occurred predominantly in children with M5 FAB type
      and with initial leukocytosis. An initial high WBC count and liver enlargement
      were unfavorable parameters for achieving remission. No factors could be
      identified concerning the risk for relapse. These data indicate that the applied
      treatment strategy is successful in inducing complete remissions in about three
      fourths of children with AML and also in enhancing considerably the chances for
      long-term remission.

PMID- 3881141
TI  - Multi-CSF-dependent colony formation by cells of a murine hemopoietic cell line:
      specificity and action of multi-CSF.
AB  - Cells of the Multi-CSF (IL-3)-dependent hemopoietic cell line 32D c13 formed
      colonies of varying size in agar cultures stimulated by Multi-CSF. Colony
      formation was linear with respect to cultured cell numbers; colony numbers and
      size increased with increasing concentrations of Multi-CSF, and 32D colonies
      themselves contained a high frequency of clonogenic cells. Clonogenic 32D cells
      died in the absence of Multi-CSF (half-life six hours), and most were unable to
      complete cell cycles in progress at the time of withdrawal of Multi-CSF. The
      concentration of Multi-CSF directly influenced the length of the cell cycle of
      dividing 32D cells. Purified GM-CSF, G-CSF, or M-CSF had no capacity to support
      the survival or proliferation of 32D cells. Colonies formed by 32D cells appear
      to offer a useful model for analyzing the action of Multi-CSF in controlling self
      renewal by clonogenic hemopoietic cells.

PMID- 3881142
TI  - Isolated thrombocytopenia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: existence
      of transient and chronic thrombocytopenic syndromes.
AB  - Isolated thrombocytopenia after bone marrow transplantation was investigated in
      65 fully engrafted patients surviving at least 60 days posttransplant. Twenty
      four patients (37%) developed this complication, which occurred most frequently
      in patients receiving pretransplant preparation with total body irradiation or
      busulfan. Two distinct thrombocytopenic syndromes were identified: (1) transient
      thrombocytopenia (nine patients), in which a normal platelet count (greater than
      100,000/microL) was initially established by day +40 but then diminished to less
      than 10,000 to 45,000/microL on day +40 to +70, with subsequent resolution of the
      thrombocytopenia by day +90; (2) chronic thrombocytopenia (15 patients), in which
      a platelet count greater than 100,000/microL was not achieved at any time during
      the first four months posttransplant, despite the simultaneous presence of normal
      granulocyte and reticulocyte counts. Although the transient syndrome did not
      adversely affect prognosis, the chronic syndrome carried a high mortality (21%
      actuarial survival at 1,000 days posttransplant compared with 67% survival for
      all patients, P less than .01) and had a high association with both severe
      (grades 3 to 4) acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and chronic GVHD. In three
      of nine patients with transient thrombocytopenia, a temporal association with
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole administration was observed, whereas in all other
      patients, no drug association could be found. Bone marrow biopsies in those
      patients with drug-associated thrombocytopenia showed decreased numbers of
      megakaryocytes, whereas biopsies in the remainder of the transiently
      thrombocytopenic patients demonstrated adequate numbers of platelet precursors,
      suggesting peripheral platelet destruction or ineffective thrombopoiesis.
      Biopsies in the chronic thrombocytopenic patients included those with and without
      adequate numbers of platelet precursors, although the association with chronic
      GVHD was strongest in patients demonstrating normal numbers of megakaryocytes. We
      conclude that isolated thrombocytopenia represents a significant complication of
      bone marrow transplantation, particularly in patients receiving hematopoietic
      ablative preparatory regimens, and that it is the chronic, not the transient,
      thrombocytopenic syndrome that is associated with an adverse patient prognosis.

PMID- 3881143
TI  - Bone marrow from cadaver donors for transplantation.
AB  - To determine the feasibility of obtaining bone marrow cells from cadaver donors
      for transplantation, marrow cells were prepared from 17 cadaver donors. After
      surgical removal of the iliac crest, as many as 2 X 10(9) cells were isolated.
      Cadaver marrow had a lower percentage of T cells (mean of 10%) than did marrow
      from living donors. The T cells were lysed by a monoclonal antibody and human
      complement to a point at which no sheep red blood cell-rosetting cells were
      detected. Low levels of T colonies, however, grew out from the monoclonal
      antibody-treated cells. Although cell loss inevitably occurs from purification,
      antibody treatment, freezing, and thawing, sufficient numbers can be recovered
      for transplantation. The yield of stem cells was 84% for CFU-C, 39% for CFU-E,
      81% for BFU-E, and 48% for CFU-GEMM. We suggest that T cell-depleted marrow cells
      from cadaver donors could be used for transplantation. Improved immunosuppressive
      therapy may be required, however, to prevent graft rejection of allogeneic marrow
      that may have minor histocompatibility differences.

PMID- 3881144
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum in vitro: diminished growth in hemoglobin H disease
      erythrocytes.
AB  - Studies of the ability of Plasmodium falciparum to grow in vitro in the red blood
      cells of subjects with certain beta-thalassemia syndromes are often difficult to
      interpret because of the known inhibitory effect of an elevated cellular content
      of human fetal hemoglobin (HbF). P falciparum therefore was cultured in vitro in
      the erythrocytes of subjects with hemoglobin H (HbH) disease and various other
      alpha-thalassemia genotypes that are unaccompanied by increased levels of HbF.
      Growth of the malaria parasite was markedly retarded in HbH red blood cells, when
      compared with growth in blood from normal control subjects. No consistent
      impairment of growth was seen in the erythrocytes of subjects having deletion of
      only one or two alpha-globin genes. These results indicate that erythrocytes with
      a severe thalassemia phenotype provide a less hospitable growth environment for P
      falciparum than normally hemoglobinized red blood cells, even in the absence of
      increased levels of HbF.

PMID- 3881145
TI  - Effect of low sodium diet on the facilitatory effect of angiotensin on 3H
      norepinephrine release in the rat portal vein.
AB  - The ability of angiotensin to enhance the field-stimulation induced release of 3H
      norepinephrine from the superfused rat portal vein was examined in vessels
      obtained from animals fed a normal (0.5% Na+) or low sodium diet (0.05% Na+).
      Angiotensin was seen to enhance the field-stimulation (480 pulses, 2 Hz, 1 ms
      duration, supramaximal voltage) induced release of 3H-norepinephrine from vessels
      obtained from Sprague-Dawley, Wistar, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and the spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SHR) maintained on a normal sodium diet. The effect of
      angiotensin was attenuated when examined in vessels obtained from animals
      maintained on the low sodium diet. The selectivity of the low sodium diet for
      angiotensin was demonstrated by a lack of effect of the low sodium diet in
      altering the facilitatory effect of isoproterenol on the release of 3H
      norepinephrine and an enhanced response to the alpha 2-adrenoceptor-selective
      antagonist, yohimbine. The simultaneous treatment of rats with a low sodium diet
      plus captopril (estimated to be approximately 50 mg/kg/day for 7 days) prevented
      the attenuation of the angiotensin-induced enhancement of the release of 3H
      norepinephrine seen by sodium alone. These results are consistent with the
      hypothesis that low sodium treatment increases circulating angiotensin levels
      which lead to a down-regulation of the angiotensin receptors located on
      adrenergic nerve varicosities.

PMID- 3881146
TI  - Ex vivo elimination of neoplastic T-cells from human marrow using an anti-Mr
      41,000 protein immunotoxin: potentiation by ASTA Z 7557.
AB  - ASTA Z 7557 potentiated the ex vivo efficiency of a T-cell directed immunotoxin
      containing pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP). We used an immunotoxin of pan-T
      monoclonal antibody 3-A1 directed against p41 antigen expressed both on normal
      and leukemic T-cells. Treatment with 3A1-PAP in combination with ASTA Z 7557
      produced 7-8 logs elimination of target lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Our data
      suggest that this new strategy shows potential for more effective ex vivo marrow
      purging in autologous marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 3881147
TI  - An early account of gustatory sweating (Frey's syndrome): a chance observation
      250 years ago.
AB  - Quite by chance, when reading an old manuscript dealing with fistulae of the
      parotid duct, the author came across a clear description of what is now well
      known as gustatory sweating (Frey's syndrome). The incident which gave rise to
      this observation is recalled and the account is reproduced in the original text.

PMID- 3881148
TI  - Delayed exposed skin grafting: a 10 year experience of the technique.
AB  - We describe the routine use of the technique of delayed exposed skin grafting in
      2062 patients over a 10 year period. Points of technique have been reviewed and
      tested in a prospective trial. Delayed graft application requires some 20 minutes
      (range 5-90 minutes) of nursing time, and daily care of 10 to 20 minutes. Wound
      healing was achieved in all patients in this series even when a second
      application of stored skin was applied, without the need for a further operation.
      Take was achieved in 75% of patients by 8 days after application. The technique
      offers a saving in theatre time for the patient and the surgeon, although
      hospital in-patient time is increased.

PMID- 3881149
TI  - The first Anglo-Dutch contacts in plastic surgery: a brief historical note.
AB  - This paper outlines briefly the part played by two Dutch surgeons Jan Esser and
      Carel Koch and their contacts in England in the development of plastic surgery on
      the Continent and in Great Britain. Photographs and letters from the archives of
      Jan Esser throw a new light on the early days of the new specialty of plastic and
      reconstructive surgery.

PMID- 3881150
TI  - Organisation of plastic surgery in developing countries (Gillies Memorial
      Lecture: 1983).

PMID- 3881151
TI  - Personal memories of the Gloucester unit 1943-1950.

PMID- 3881152
TI  - Lymphoedema of the eyelids in the yellow nail syndrome.
AB  - The nails are frequently deformed or otherwise affected in a very large number of
      systemic diseases or as part of the general picture in many syndromes of
      congenital origin. One of the latter is the yellow nail syndrome (Samman and
      White, 1964) an example of which we present in this paper.

PMID- 3881153
TI  - The aetiology of diabetic neuropathic ulceration of the foot.

PMID- 3881154
TI  - Towards the Belfast immunosuppressive regimen: a prospective trial of low versus
      high dose steroids and once versus twice daily immunosuppression.
AB  - The Transplant Unit in Belfast achieves the highest survival rates in Great
      Britain for renal transplants. The immunosuppression used comprises azathioprine
      and very low doses of steroids administered just once a day. The importance of
      these features has been examined in two clinical trials using (a) high or low
      dose steroids with azathioprine, (b) low dose steroids with azathioprine given
      once or twice daily following cadaveric renal transplantation. Low dose steroids
      were no more effective than were high dose steroids in preventing graft rejection
      and there was no advantage in administering immunosuppression once daily in the
      morning as opposed to twice daily in divided doses. None the less, with low doses
      of steroids the complications of cushingism and obesity were markedly reduced.
      Neither trial achieved the degree of success in transplant survival that has been
      usual in Belfast.

PMID- 3881155
TI  - Treatment of acute abscesses by incision, curettage and primary suture without
      antibiotics: a controlled clinical trial.
AB  - One hundred and thirty-seven consecutive acute superficial abscesses were
      randomly allocated to incision, curettage and primary suture without parenteral
      antibiotics (64 cases) or to conventional treatment with incision, drainage and
      dressings (73 cases). Wound healing was faster; 7.0 days: 25.1 days (P less than
      0.01, Wilcoxon's rank sum test), the number of hospital visits was smaller; 3.8
      visits: 11.1 visits (P less than 0.01) and the time off work was shorter; 4.0
      days: 14.1 days (P less than 0.01) in the group treated by primary closure
      compared with those managed conventionally. In this study no complications
      attributable to the withholding of antibiotics occurred. Incision and primary
      closure of abscesses is safe and more economic than conventional drainage.
      Routine antibiotic cover is not necessary.

PMID- 3881156
TI  - Fulminant gangrene in transient cold agglutinemia associated with Escherichia
      coli infection.
AB  - Fulminant gangrene of the fingers, toes and nose developed in a 57-year-old woman
      with Escherichia coli pneumonia. Cryoglobulinemia was noted, and the cryoglobulin
      was identified as IgM-IgG with anti-I cold agglutinin activity. The cold
      agglutinins possessed potent lymphocytotoxic and monocytotoxic activity and
      weaker granulocytotoxic activity. Treatment with plasmapheresis, steroids and
      antibiotics led to complete clinical recovery, although amputation of several
      toes was necessary. The patient died 1 1/2 years later; the main findings at
      autopsy were chronic and acute pyelonephritis and acute bacterial endocarditis.
      This seems to be the first case of IgM-IgG cold agglutinemia occurring during the
      course of E. coli infection and the third case of fulminant gangrene complicating
      transient cold agglutinemia.

PMID- 3881157
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum malaria mimicking autoimmune hemolytic anemia during
      pregnancy.
AB  - A 30-year-old woman contracted Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the first
      trimester of her pregnancy while taking chloroquine for malaria prophylaxis. Her
      illness was characterized by hemolytic anemia with IgG1 coating of the surface of
      the erythrocytes and IgG3 in her serum. The hemolysis subsided following
      treatment of the malaria infection early in the third trimester. She delivered at
      term an infant who had hypoplasia of the right tibia and fibula and absence of
      the fifth ray of the right foot. The hemolytic process was attributed to the
      malaria infection, and the birth defect may have been related to the antimalarial
      therapy in the first trimester of pregnancy.

PMID- 3881158
TI  - Morphologic, immunologic, enzymehistochemical and chromosomal analysis of a cell
      line derived from Hodgkin's disease. Evidence for a B-cell origin of Sternberg
      Reed cells.
AB  - Cell lines derived from Hodgkin's disease may provide a clue to the nature of
      Sternberg-Reed cells. In the current study, the establishment of an Epstein-Barr
      virus-negative lymphoblastoid cell line, derived from the pleural fluid of a
      patient with the nodular sclerosis type of Hodgkin's disease, is described. The
      morphologic and immunologic cell marker findings indicate that this cell line is
      derived from Sternberg-Reed cells. The immunologic findings and a chromosomal
      analysis are in agreement with a B-lymphocyte origin of these cultured cells.
      Extrapolation of the results to Hodgkin's disease in vivo would indicate that
      Hodgkin's disease, like most non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, is the result of B-cell
      proliferation.

PMID- 3881159
TI  - Gastric pseudolymphoma with monotypic cytoplasmic immunoglobulin.
AB  - Two cases of hyperplastic lymphoid lesion of the stomach with cytoplasmic
      immunoglobulin of monotypic pattern are presented. Both patients were young, and
      the postgastrectomy course was uneventful for 38 and 76 months, respectively. The
      lesion had been diagnosed as pseudolymphoma based on the presence of hyperplastic
      follicles with germinal center and mixed infiltration of plasma cells and mature
      lymphocytes with no significant cytologic atypia. However, the immunoperoxidase
      method showed monotypic cytoplasmic immunoglobulin; lambda/IgM in one case and
      lambda/IgG in the other. The staining pattern of germinal centers was also
      monotypic in one, but polytypic in the other. These cases suggest the presence of
      monoclonal but reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, i.e., monoclonal-type
      pseudolymphoma in the stomach. On the other hand, this type of lesion has to be
      carefully followed for the possible development of malignant lymphoma.

PMID- 3881160
TI  - A controlled trial of extended radical mastectomy.
AB  - One hundred twenty-three women younger than 70 years of age and at clinical
      Stages I or II were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of radical versus
      extended radical mastectomy. The 5-year survival rates in the radical and
      extended radical groups were 75 +/- 6.7% and 80 +/- 6.7%, respectively. (Cox P
      value for comparison of survival curves = 0.32.) Of the total series, 112 were
      treated by the same surgeon and confirmed pathologically as having invasive
      mammary carcinoma. In this more homogeneous subgroup, the 5-year survival rates
      for the radical and extended radical groups were 71 +/- 7.6% and 85 +/- 6.2%,
      respectively (P = 0.09). For patients from this subgroup with central or medial
      tumors, the 5-year survival rates were 66 +/- 10% and 88 +/- 8.2%, respectively
      (P = 0.06). For patients with lateral tumors, the 5-year survival rates were
      nearly equal: 79 +/- 11% and 81 +/- 9.7%, respectively. The findings in a
      nonrandomized series of similar patients were comparable. The results are not
      definitive, but suggest an advantage of extended radical mastectomy over radical
      mastectomy for patients with central or medial tumors. Continued follow-up of the
      randomized series may lead to more conclusive results.

PMID- 3881161
TI  - Primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. A retrospective
      clinicopathologic study of 150 cases.
AB  - The records of 150 primary gastrointestinal (GI) lymphomas in adults collected
      from 1974 to 1982 at the Department of Pathology, University of Vienna, were
      reviewed. One hundred thirty-three cases of malignant lymphomas (ML) were
      analyzed with respect to histologic type, presenting tumor stage, and clinical
      course, as well as for factors influencing prognosis. The histologic type of ML
      as assessed by the Working Formulation and the Kiel, the Lukes and Collins, and
      the Rappaport classifications showed only a minor influence on prognosis. MLs of
      follicular center cell origin prevailed in the stomach and large cell,
      immunoblastic MLs prevailed in the bowel. Immunoperoxidase studies indicated a B
      cell nature of GI MLs and demonstrated intracytoplasmic IgM kappa or lambda in
      most of the MLs of the small lymphocytic, plasmacytoid, and immunoblastic type,
      respectively. The 105 cases of gastric MLs represented 3.6% of all malignancies
      of the stomach collected during the study period. Clinical symptoms preceded the
      diagnosis by 4.4 months on average, and endoscopic biopsy specimens indicated
      malignancy in 78%. Presenting tumor stages of gastric MLs according to the Ann
      Arbor staging system were Stage I in 20%, Stage II in 76.2%, and Stage IV in
      3.8%. The 28 cases of intestinal ML localized in the small and large bowel
      without any site prevalence presented with Stage I in 14%, Stage II in 82%, and
      Stage III in 4%. Tumor resection was performed in 90% of all cases and was
      followed by multiagent therapy in 53%. Radical tumor resection was obtained in
      58% of the gastric MLs and only 28.6% of the intestinal MLs and was closely
      related to tumor stage. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant influence
      of the presenting tumor stage on prognosis as expressed by the overall 2-year
      survival rate of 70% for Stage I versus 39% for Stage II ML. In addition, Stage
      II1 according to Musshoff et al. run a better course than II2 as shown by the
      disease-free 2-year survival rate of 49% versus 15%, respectively. Radical tumor
      resection was a major determinant of survival and cure of disease as exhibited by
      the disease-free 2-year survival rate of 57% after radical resection versus 8%
      after nonradical resection of ML. Finally, diffuse tumor growth and tumor
      penetration of the gastric wall beyond serosa decreased the survival rates.

PMID- 3881162
TI  - Histologic infiltrating pattern of gastric microcarcinoma by means of serial
      sections.
AB  - Two hundred eighty serial histologic sections, 5 micron thick, were made of a
      very small gastric carcinoma with submucosal invasion in order to assess the
      initial infiltrating pattern into the submucosa, as well as the growth therefrom.
      The small carcinoma infiltrated into the submucosa through four independent small
      channels, 0.02 to 0.05 mm2 in size, despite its small spread (3 mm in diameter)
      on the mucosal layer. Each small channel always was accompanied by the small
      blood vessels penetrating the lamina muscularis. The size of carcinoma in
      submucosa grew further to reach 3 to 10 times small infiltrating sites of lamina
      muscularis mucosa. The growth pattern of the carcinoma in the submucosa,
      therefore, seemed to be an "expanded balloon." Moreover, a small but distinct
      vascular invasion could be demonstrated within the balloon, suggesting a possible
      vascular metastasis.

PMID- 3881163
TI  - 123I radioiodinated antibody imaging of occult ovarian cancer.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody HMFG2 labeled with iodine 123 (123I) was given to a patient
      who had ovarian cancer. The scan taken 18 hours after administration of the
      antibody demonstrated the presence and the position of residual tumor in the
      pelvis that was not previously detected by ultrasonography and computerized
      tomography (CT) scanning. The presence of tumor was confirmed by surgery and
      histologic as well as immunoperoxidase examination of resected tissues. The tumor
      mass found was less than 0.8 cm in diameter. It is concluded that, in the search
      for residual or early ovarian cancer in the pelvis, monoclonal antibody scanning
      using 123I-labeled HMFG2 can complement ultrasonography and CT scanning.

PMID- 3881164
TI  - Immune monitoring of tumor development after renal transplantation.
AB  - A series of immune parameters were available covering the period before, during,
      and after tumor appearance in ten patients who developed tumors after renal
      transplantation. Results were obtained using monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT4,
      OKT8, and the ratio OKT4/OKT8, and surface membrane fluorescence microscopy
      (SMIg) for B-lymphocytes, E-rosetting and blast transformation. A much lower
      immune responder state was indicated at the time of transplantation in patients
      who later developed a tumor, as compared to a control group, and a much lower
      immune responder state was seen before than after tumor appearance. A low
      OKT4/OKT8 ratio was found before the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease in one
      patient, and an increase in the immune responder state was seen after treatment
      of a patient developing spinocellular carcinoma at the site of a former herpes
      labialis. Using a monoclonal antibody against Hodgkin and Sternberg-Reed cells
      (Ki-1), it was possible to demonstrate that these were present before
      transplantation, with an increase before the appearance of the first clinical
      symptoms and, perhaps activated by the transplantation and the following
      immunosuppression, in the patient who developed Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3881165
TI  - Histiocytic lymphoma cell lines: immunologic and cytogenetic studies.
AB  - Cell lines were established from 15 patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma
      (DHL) of the intermediate grade, diffuse large cell (class G), and high-grade,
      large cell immunoblastic (class H) types. Immunologic studies indicated that 11
      of the 15 DHL cell lines were B cell in origin, 2 were histiocytic, and 2 were
      null cell. Cytogenetic studies revealed 1 hypodiploid, 11 hyperdiploid, and 3
      near-tetraploid cell lines. Chromosome #7 was trisomic in 3 lines, chromosomes
      #12 in 4 lines, and chromosome #13 in 3 lines. Chromosome #2 was monosomic in 3
      lines, chromosome #8 was monosomic in 5 lines, chromosome #14 in 4 lines, and
      chromosome #22 in 6 cell lines. This is of special interest, as chromosomes #2,
      #8, #14, and #22 are clearly concerned with rearrangements in Burkitt's lymphoma
      and immunoglobulin expression. The most common rearrangement in the DHL cell
      lines involved chromosome #14 at band 14q32. However, in contrast to Burkitt's
      lymphoma, the pattern of translocation in DHL is between chromosome #14 and
      usually chromosome #11 or chromosome #18. The 14;18 translocation is not
      restricted to patients with low-grade follicular, small cleaved cell lymphomas,
      as has been reported. The 14q+ chromosome is characteristic of lymphoid
      malignancies in general. It is due, invariably, to a translocation with the
      breakpoint in band 14q32, which is the locus of the immunoglobulin heavy chain
      genes. We propose that in each translocation, for example, chromosomes #11 or
      #18, an oncogene may be transposed onto chromosome #14, and that each 14q+
      translocation in DHL represents an event that transposes an oncogene from another
      chromosome to chromosome #14.

PMID- 3881166
TI  - Oncogenes and human cancer.

PMID- 3881167
TI  - A permanent method of detecting SCE by immunofluorescence using monoclonal anti
      BrdU antibodies.

PMID- 3881168
TI  - Eradication of a disseminated syngeneic mouse lymphoma by systemic adoptive
      transfer of immune lymphocytes and its dependence upon a host component(s).
AB  - We have studied the in vivo effects of carrageenan and trypan blue on the
      adoptive immunotherapy of an established local and disseminated syngeneic mouse
      FBL-3 lymphoma. Mice receiving 500 rads total-body irradiation before injection
      of FBL-3 tumor into the footpad were treated 4 to 5 days later when a palpable
      local tumor and disseminated metastases were present. Injection of in vivo immune
      lymphocytes i.v. caused complete regression of footpad tumor and cured 96% of all
      mice (greater than 60 days mean survival; p less than 0.0005). Carrageenan or
      trypan blue treatment of the tumor-bearing host abrogated the therapeutic effect
      of adoptively transferred cells. Cure rates were significantly reduced to 27% (p
      less than 0.004) and 0% (p less than 0.0001) and mean survival times to 40.2 days
      (p less than 0.0005) and 15.2 (p less than 0.005) days for mice treated with
      carrageenan and trypan blue, respectively, in addition to immune cells. In vivo
      treatment of the immune spleen cell donors with carrageenan or trypan blue had no
      significant effect on the ability of those splenocytes to mediate cure when
      adoptively transferred into tumor-bearing hosts, indicating that the inhibitory
      activity of these agents cannot be attributed to direct toxicity to immune
      lymphoid cells. These results demonstrate that a recipient component(s), possibly
      macrophages, sensitive to carrageenan and to trypan blue but relatively resistant
      to radiation (500 rads), plays a vital role in the cure of tumor-bearing mice
      that receive the adoptive transfer of immune splenocytes.

PMID- 3881169
TI  - Partial characterization of a cell motility factor from human urine.
AB  - Dialyzed, concentrated urine from 21 patients with a history of bladder cancer or
      a gross bladder tumor was tested for cell motility activity using BALB/c/3T3
      cells. Thirteen urine samples from patients with a gross bladder tumor produced a
      greater increase in cell migration than 8 urine samples from patients with a
      history of bladder cancer [167% +/- 14 (S.E.), 64% +/- 19, respectively; p less
      than 0.001]. Protease treatment of urine from a patient with bladder cancer
      caused a 95% loss of activity, while heating to 100 degrees for 2 min caused an
      86% loss of activity. High-performance liquid chromatography of urine from a
      patient with bladder cancer revealed that the greatest activity was present in
      fractions with a molecular weight between 18,000 and 30,000. These results
      suggest that motility-stimulating factor may be a useful marker for detecting
      carcinoma of the bladder.

PMID- 3881170
TI  - Therapeutic and diabetogenic potential of two newly synthesized nitrosoureido
      sugars.
AB  - Two newly synthesized nitrosoureido sugars have been evaluated for their
      antitumor activity and diabetogenic potential in a number of in vitro and in vivo
      preclinical tumor model systems. 2-Amino-2-deoxy-N'-methyl-N'-nitrosoureido
      1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha- D- mannopyranose (MAZ), a lipophilic mannosamine
      derivative, and ethyl-6-deoxy-3,5-di-O-methyl-6-(3-methyl-3-nitrosoureido)-alph a
      D-glucofuranoside (EDOMEN or CGP 6'809), were both found to inhibit L1210
      leukemia cell growth in vitro by 50% at approximately 5.0 X 10(-5) M. At these
      concentrations, little effect was noted immediately on L1210 cell radiolabeled
      precursor incorporation; however, at higher concentrations, EDOMEN inhibited
      [3H]leucine and [3H]mannose incorporation, while MAZ specifically decreased L1210
      cell [3H]thymidine and [3H]leucine incorporation. Inhibition of Lewis lung
      carcinoma and B16 melanoma cell growth by 50% in vitro was achieved at higher
      concentrations of these agents (10(-4) to 10(-3) M). Since the currently
      available nitrosoureido sugars, streptozotocin and chlorozotocin, have been
      observed by us to be diabetogenic, EDOMEN and MAZ were evaluated for their
      specific toxicity to rat pancreatic beta-cells in vitro. Cytotoxicity in beta
      cell cultures was monitored both by phase-contrast microscopy and the release of
      insulin into the culture medium. beta-Cells were found to be 10-fold more
      sensitive to the toxic effects of MAZ than were pancreatic fibroblasts. EDOMEN,
      on the other hand, did not damage beta-cells preferentially and therefore was not
      considered diabetogenic. Both MAZ and EDOMEN had moderate activity as
      antileukemic agents in mice. At 50 mg/kg/day i.p. for 5 days, MAZ increased the
      life span of female DBA/2J mice with L1210 leukemia by over 50%. Similarly, doses
      of EDOMEN at 125 to 250 mg/kg/day i.p. for 5 days increased L1210 leukemic life
      span by nearly 60%. At these doses, no effect of MAZ was observed on primary
      Lewis lung carcinoma growth or life span of tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice. EDOMEN,
      however, increased life span in Lewis lung carcinoma mice by up to 33% and caused
      an apparent antimetastatic effect. These studies indicate that EDOMEN may have
      enhanced value as a cancer chemotherapeutic agent due to its therapeutic
      effectiveness, lack of diabetogenic potential, and other favorable formulation
      properties (water solubility) as compared with other clinically available
      nitrosoureas.

PMID- 3881171
TI  - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the estrogen-regulated Mr 52,000
      glycoprotein and their use in MCF7 cells.
AB  - The Mr 52,000 glycoprotein is regulated by estrogen and released by breast cancer
      cells in culture (B. Westley and H. Rochefort, Cell, 20: 352-362, 1980). This
      rare protein was partially purified from 25 liters of medium conditioned by MCF7
      cells and injected into Biozzi's selected mice. The spleen lymphocytes of one
      immunized mouse was fused with the murine myeloma P3-X63-Ag8-653. Sixteen
      hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to the Mr 52,000 protein were
      isolated, and seven of them were cloned and purified. The seven monoclonal
      antibodies were all of the immunoglobulin G1 isotype, and their dissociation
      constants ranged from 0.35 to 2.3 nM. The antibodies specifically recognized the
      secreted Mr 52,000 protein as evidenced by double immunoprecipitation and by
      immunoblotting after electrophoretic separation and transfer. Double-determinant
      immunoradiometric assay indicated that the seven purified monoclonal antibodies
      recognized three distinct regions of the Mr 52,000 protein, and it was used to
      assay the Mr 52,000 protein in biological fluids. These antibodies did not react
      with the external plasma membrane of MCF7 cells, as shown by immunofluorescence
      analysis. By contrast, the cytoplasm of MCF7 cells (but not T47D and RBA cells)
      was stained by the peroxidase-immunoperoxidase complex after plasma membrane
      permeation, indicating that the protein is secreted by exocytosis rather than
      shed from the plasma membrane.

PMID- 3881172
TI  - Expression of maturation-specific nuclear antigens in differentiating human
      myeloid leukemia cells.
AB  - The expression of three myeloid-specific nuclear antigens was studied by indirect
      immunofluorescence with murine monoclonal antibodies in human myeloid (HL-60, ML
      2, KG-1, and B-II) leukemia cells treated with chemical inducers of cell
      differentiation. Treatment of the promyelocytic HL-60 cells with dimethyl
      sulfoxide or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induced the cells to acquire a phenotype
      that resembled that of granulocytes and monocytes-macrophages, respectively.
      These phenotypes were characterized by changes in cell growth, cell morphology,
      expression of specific cell surface antigens, and activities of lysozyme and
      nonspecific esterase enzymes. Induction of these differentiation markers in the
      HL-60 cells was associated with induction of the myeloid-specific nuclear
      antigens. The ML-2 cells, which are arrested at the myeloblast-promyelocyte
      stage, were also susceptible to the induction of cell differentiation and to
      changes in the expression of the nuclear antigens, but the degree of
      susceptibility was less than in the HL-60 cells. The less-differentiated KG-1 and
      B-II myeloid cells were either not responsive or responded only in a limited
      degree to the induction of cell differentiation or to changes in the expression
      of the nuclear antigens. We suggest that the reactivity of cells with monoclonal
      antibodies to specific nuclear antigens can be used as a maturational marker in
      cell differentiation studies. Furthermore, nuclear antigens expressed early in
      cellular differentiation may provide information about changes in regulatory
      elements in normal and malignant cells.

PMID- 3881173
TI  - Influence of spatial configuration of carcinoma cell populations on the
      expression of a tumor-associated glycoprotein.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody B72.3 was generated using a membrane-enriched fraction of
      cells from a mammary carcinoma metastasis and has been shown previously to have a
      high degree of selective reactivity for human breast and colon carcinoma versus
      normal adult tissues. The reactive antigen has been shown to be a high-molecular
      weight glycoprotein complex of approximately 220,000 to 400,000 and is termed
      tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72). We report here a dichotomy in the
      expression of TAG-72 in carcinoma biopsy material versus carcinoma cell lines.
      While 44% (25 of 56) of human breast carcinoma and 80% (16 of 20) of colon
      carcinoma biopsies express TAG-72 as assayed by radioimmunoassay or
      immunohistochemistry, only one of 25 breast cancer cell lines [MCF-7 (one
      variant)] and one of 18 colon cancer cell lines (LS-174T) express this antigen.
      Furthermore, TAG-72 expression in these two cell lines was shown to be a property
      of a low percentage of cells within each culture. Attempts to enhance TAG-72
      expression in LS-174T cells by propagation on extracellular matrix proteins, such
      as collagen, laminin, and fibronectin, or in serum-containing or serum-free,
      hormone-supplemented medium proved unsuccessful. A pronounced increase in TAG-72
      expression was observed, however, when the LS-174T cells were grown under culture
      conditions which promote three-dimensional growth. LS-174T cells grown in
      spheroid or suspension cultures demonstrated a 2- to 7-fold increase in TAG-72
      antigen expression, while those grown on agar plugs demonstrated a 10-fold
      increase. When the LS-174T cell line was injected into athymic mice to generate
      tumors, the level of TAG-72 antigen increased over 100-fold, to levels comparable
      to those seen in the metastatic tumor masses from patients. Thus, spatial
      configuration of carcinoma cell populations is shown to influence the expression
      of a tumor-associated antigen and the subsequent surface binding of monoclonal
      antibody B72.3. The implications of these findings in the potential utility of
      monoclonal antibodies for the in vivo detection and destruction of carcinoma
      masses are discussed.

PMID- 3881174
TI  - Leukoregulin, a direct-acting anticancer immunological hormone that is distinct
      from lymphotoxin and interferon.
AB  - Human lymphokine preparations can directly lyse or suppress proliferation of
      human tumor cells or can enhance the susceptibility of human tumor cells to lysis
      mediated by natural killer lymphocytes. In the past, these antitumor activities
      were attributed to lymphotoxin. This study demonstrates, however, that these
      human lymphokine antitumor cell activities are biochemically separable from
      lymphotoxin and are properties of a lymphokine which was named leukoregulin
      because it is produced by lymphocytes and it regulates target cell physiology and
      growth. Leukoregulin obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography and
      isoelectric focusing was free of detectable lymphotoxin, interferon, interleukins
      1 and 2, and macrophage-activating factor activities. Leukoregulin has an
      apparent molecular weight of 135,000 as measured by linear gradient
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography and has
      isoelectric pHs of approximately 5.3 and 7.5. The molecular weight of
      leukoregulin, determined in the dissociating conditions of sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was 32,000. Flow cytometric analysis showed
      that tumor cell lysis, growth inhibition, and enhancement of susceptibility to
      natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity by leukoregulin were accompanied by
      rapid alterations in tumor cell membrane permeability. Lymphotoxin from human
      peripheral blood leukocytes and highly purified lymphotoxin from RPMI 1788 human
      lymphoblastoid cells lysed murine alpha-L929 tumor cells but did not possess any
      of the direct acting antihuman tumor cell cytostatic, cytolytic, or natural
      killer cell enhancing activities that leukoregulin exhibited against a broad
      spectrum of human tumor cell lines. The dual modes of the anticancer actions of
      leukoregulin, direct cytotoxicity and indirect enhancement of natural killer cell
      cytotoxicity, make leukoregulin a unique-acting lymphokine and suggest several
      ways in which leukoregulin may be used as a therapeutic agent against cancer.

PMID- 3881175
TI  - A randomized study of low and high doses of leukocyte alpha-interferon in
      metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the American Cancer Society collaborative trial.
AB  - A prospective randomized trial of low versus high doses of human leukocyte alpha
      interferon (1 X 10(6) units/day for 28 days versus 10 X 10(6) units/day for 28
      days) was carried out in 30 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, to
      test the tolerance and relative antitumor effects of these interferon doses. Both
      doses were tolerated well, and responses to the human leukocyte alpha-interferon
      were observed overall in seven individuals, including complete, partial, and
      minimal tumor regressions. Six of the seven responses occurred in patients who
      received the high dosage, and three of these responses were major responses.
      While not statistically significant, this result suggested a dose-response
      relationship. One minimal response was observed in a patient treated at low
      dosage. Nine individuals who were stable after 1 month of therapy at low dosage
      were randomized to a further month of therapy at low or high dosage, during which
      one of four at high dosage had a partial response, and none of five at low dosage
      manifested response. Regression of pulmonary disease in one individual was
      delayed, occurring 3 months after therapy at the high dose and enduring for a
      period of 28 months. Major objective responses in other patients were of 4 and 15
      months duration. Human leukocyte alpha-interferon is an active agent in renal
      cell carcinoma at the dosage of 10 million units daily. No relationship of
      toxicity to response was evident in this trial. Optimum dosage and duration of
      treatment have yet to be established.

PMID- 3881176
TI  - Randomized trial of combination chemotherapy in hormone-resistant metastatic
      prostate carcinoma.
AB  - A prospective randomized study was conducted in 51 patients with stage D hormone
      resistant prostatic carcinoma, comparing a combination of doxorubicin and
      lomustine (DC) with cyclophosphamide and 5-FU (CF). Patients were assessed
      objectively (employing National Prostate Cancer Project criteria) and
      subjectively (using a numerical scoring scheme). Each regimen was well tolerated
      with acceptable levels of myelosuppression. The objective partial response rate
      was 57% for DC and 8% for CF. Objective stabilization occurred, respectively, in
      14% and 44% of the patients. Similarly, DC demonstrated a significantly superior
      subjective response rate (partial plus complete) of 82%, compared to 48% for CF.
      Patients with poor initial performance status or liver involvement had
      significantly lower response rates and reduced survival. Overall, there was no
      significant difference in survival between the two arms, reflecting the
      similarity between DC and CF in total objective response rate (partial response
      plus stable disease). DC provided superior palliation and was well tolerated by
      an essentially geriatric population.

PMID- 3881177
TI  - Intravesical administration of bacillus Calmette-Guerin in patients with
      recurrent superficial carcinoma of the urinary bladder: report of a prospective,
      randomized trial.
AB  - In an attempt to prevent, delay, or reduce further tumor occurrence, 88 patients
      with recurrent, superficial carcinoma of the urinary bladder were randomly
      assigned to receive either standard therapy (cystoscopy with fulguration) or
      standard therapy and bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). BCG was administered
      intravesically and percutaneously once weekly for 6 weeks. No serious toxicity
      was seen. There were 43 evaluable patients in each of the two groups. Results in
      the BCG group versus the control group were as follows: reduction in the number
      of recurrent tumors (43 vs 27 patients [P less than 0.001] ); conversion to
      negative cytology (11 of 33 vs three of 34 patients [P less than 0.05] ); and
      tumor progression requiring cystectomy (three vs 15 patients [P less than 0.001]
      ). Disease-free interval (P less than 0.001), time with negative cytology (P less
      than 0.001), and time to progression of disease (P less than 0.003) were longer
      in patients treated with BCG. These results indicate that the combination of
      standard therapy and BCG is more effective than standard therapy alone in
      patients with recurrent superficial bladder tumors.

PMID- 3881178
TI  - Estimate of overall treatment results in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia based on
      age-specific rates of incidence and of complete remission.
AB  - It is widely assumed that most patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL)
      are less than 60 years old, that greater than 50% of all patients can now achieve
      a complete remission (CR), and that bone marrow transplantation (BMT) represents
      a significant therapeutic breakthrough in this disease. New epidemiological data,
      presented in this study, show that the median age of patients with ANLL is 62-64
      years, with 54%-59% of the patients being greater than 60 years old. When
      combining age-specific incidence data with age-specific data on CR derived from
      the recent literature, it can be calculated that the cumulated rate of CR for all
      ages combined will be only between 35.3% and 49.2% with current therapy. It can
      also be calculated that BMT with its present limitations can at most cure 1.44%
      2.5% of all patients with ANLL. These findings suggest that some of the accepted
      conceptions in ANLL regarding age distribution of patients, cumulated rates of
      CR, and value of BMT cannot stand up to closer scrutiny. Treatment priorities and
      resource allocation in ANLL should be reconsidered, and more attention should be
      given to solving the problems of treatment in elderly patients.

PMID- 3881179
TI  - [Transplantation of the heart--indications, diagnosis and therapy of rejection].

PMID- 3881180
TI  - [The forgotten sulfonamides].

PMID- 3881181
TI  - [Microcomputers in emergency medicine].

PMID- 3881182
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of progressive muscular dystrophies using an expert
      computer system].

PMID- 3881183
TI  - Rapid induction of the expression of proto-oncogene fos during human monocytic
      differentiation.
AB  - The differentiation into macrophages of the monocytic cell line U-937 or the
      monomyelocytic cell line HL-60 induced by phorbol esters is accompanied by a
      rapid induction of the expression of the proto-oncogene c-fos. Maximal levels of
      c-fos gene transcripts accumulate within 20-30 min following induction. By 2 hr,
      the c-fos-specific mRNA level drops 5 to 10 fold below that detected at 30 min
      after induction. The concentration of c-fos mRNA remains unchanged for the next 5
      days, at which time over 99% of the viable precursor cells are converted to
      adherent macrophages. c-fos protein can be detected within 20 min of induction,
      reaching maximal levels by 40-60 min. Little or no c-fos protein is detected by
      120-150 min after induction, even though c-fos mRNA remains detectable. Presence
      of cycloheximide leads to superinduction of c-fos mRNA transcripts. No c-fos gene
      transcripts are detected when the HL-60 cell line is induced with Me2SO to
      differentiate to granulocytes. A role for the c-fos protein is envisaged in the
      monocyte differentiation pathway.

PMID- 3881184
TI  - Genetically separable functional elements mediate the optimal expression and
      stringent regulation of a bacterial tRNA gene.
AB  - The sequences required for stringent regulation of the E. coli tyrT gene have
      been analyzed in vivo. Stringent control was analyzed by nuclease-mapping RNA
      pulse-labeled with 32PO4. A 96 bp DNA fragment carrying the tyrT promoter was
      sufficient to confer regulation on a plasmid-encoded tyrT-galK fusion transcript.
      Deletion mutations that remove sequences upstream of the primary promoter
      elements greatly reduce promoter activity but do not remove the regulatory
      response. However, a 4 bp substitution mutation, adjacent to the transcription
      initiation site, disrupts stringent control. Thus the optimal expression and
      stringent regulation of the tyrT gene appears to result from the action of
      genetically separable promoter elements.

PMID- 3881185
TI  - Genetic analysis of the mitotic transmission of minichromosomes.
AB  - The fidelity of the mitotic transmission of minichromosomes in S. cerevisiae is
      monitored by a novel visual assay that allows one to detect changes in plasmid
      copy number in individual mitotic divisions. This assay is used to investigate
      the mitotic transmission of a plasmid containing a putative yeast origin of
      replication (ARS 1) and a centromere (CEN3). The rate of improper segregation for
      the minichromosome is 200-fold higher than observed for a normal chromosome.
      However, the replication of the minichromosome is stringently controlled; it
      overreplicates less than once per one thousand mitotic divisions. We also use
      this assay to isolate and characterize mutations in ARS 1 and CEN3. The mutations
      in ARS 1 define a new domain required for its optimal activity, and the mutations
      in CEN3 suggest that the integrity of element II is not essential for centromere
      function. Finally, the phenotypes of the mutations in ARS 1 and CEN3 are
      consistent with their function in replication and segregation, respectively.

PMID- 3881186
TI  - Depression of lymphocyte responses to mitogens in mangabeys with disseminated
      experimental leprosy.
AB  - Mononuclear cells from mangabey monkeys with disseminated experimental leprosy
      had increasingly severe depression of blastogenic responses to
      phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen as the disease
      progressed. Blastogenic responses were not depressed in cells from mangabeys with
      more localized disease. Blastogenic responses of cells from normal mangabeys
      appeared to vary with a circannual rhythm. The demonstration of significant
      negative correlations between the blastogenic responses to mitogens and the
      percentages of OKT8+ cells suggested that the mangabey OKT8+ subset may contain
      cells with suppressor function. The depressed responses to mitogens by cells from
      monkeys with disseminated experimental leprosy were associated with relatively
      high percentages of OKT8+ cells. Polyclonal immunoglobulin plaque-forming cell
      responses to pokeweed mitogen were depressed in cells from experimentally
      infected mangabeys. The results indicated that defects in immune regulation may
      occur in experimental leprosy in mangabeys, similar in some respects to the
      defects that have been reported in human leprosy.

PMID- 3881187
TI  - Generation of human hybridomas producing migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and of
      murine hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to human MIF.
AB  - Human T-cell hybridomas were established by hybridization of concanavalin A (Con
      A)-stimulated human peripheral blood T lymphocytes with cells from a 6
      thioguanine-resistant, aminopterin-sensitive mutant line designated CEM-WH4,
      derived from the continuously growing human T cell line, CEM. High levels of MIF
      activity were demonstrated in the supernatants of two hybridoma lines, T-CEMA and
      T-CEMB but not of CEM-WH4 when stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate and
      phytohemagglutinin. In comparison, MIF derived from Con A-stimulated peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells showed 100 times less activity. Upon isoelectrofocusing,
      MIF activity of T-CEMB was found exclusively between pH 4.6 and 5.3 whereas MIF
      derived from T-CEMA showed heterogeneity with a major peak of MIF recovered at pH
      4.6-5.3 and a minor peak at pH 2.4-3.3. These molecules, however, were all found
      to have an apparent MW of 68,000 and were resistant to trypsin. Most of these
      characteristics are in accordance with second day pH 3- and pH 5-MIF derived from
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells. When spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized
      with T-CEMB-MIF were used to fuse with NS-1 mouse myeloma cells, nine hybridomas
      secreting antibodies to human MIF were obtained. Clone D112 which demonstrated
      the highest MIF-neutralizing activity was found to neutralize MIF derived from T
      CEMA, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and a T cell line, Mo.

PMID- 3881188
TI  - Fc gamma-receptor-bearing, non-B lymphocytes in human peripheral blood:
      cytophilic immunoglobulin binds almost exclusively to large granular lymphocytes.
AB  - Cytophilic IgG (CYT-Ig) has previously been reported to bind to both the "TG"
      (E+, Fc gamma R+) and "L" (E-, Fc gamma R+) subsets of non-B lymphocytes in human
      peripheral blood. Present investigations show that IgG-binding cells, as detected
      by a sensitive antiglobulin rosetting reaction, are contained almost entirely
      within the large granular lymphocyte (LGL) subpopulation, and that fewer than 5%
      of other non-B lymphocytes acquire IgG from serum. Cell membrane-bound IgG
      sterically blocks the reaction of LGL with sheep red blood cells and therefore
      influences the proportions of these cells characterized as TG (E+) or L (E-)
      lymphocytes. Although the majority of TG lymphocytes are LGL, a further
      subpopulation of E+, Fc gamma R+ cells are detectable under particular test
      conditions. Unlike LGL, these lymphocytes do not react with rabbit IgG-coated ox
      RBC (EAG) in saline, but will form EAG rosettes when the reaction is enhanced in
      the presence of Ficoll. These Fc gamma R+ cells are mostly of typical small
      lymphocyte morphology and do not bind detectable amounts of CYT-Ig, nor do they
      express the monoclonal antibody-defined VEP 13 determinant associated with Fc
      gamma R on LGL.

PMID- 3881189
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of a human lymphokine which induces
      antileishmanial activity in mouse macrophages.
AB  - Human blood mononuclear cells stimulated in vitro with concanavalin A secrete a
      lymphokine which activates mouse macrophages to kill Leishmania enriettii.
      Supernatants of cells cultivated for 1 day and for 2 days were analyzed for this
      activity after G-100 gel filtration and isoelectrofocusing. First day
      antileishmanial activity was found in a MW range of 23,000 with an isoelectric
      point of 3.6 to 4.0. Second day antileishmanial activity eluted in a peak in the
      MW range of 23,000 to 65,000 with an isoelectric point of 4.0 to 4.3. This
      activity could be completely separated from migration-inhibitory factor (MIF)
      after isoelectrofocusing in first day and in second day supernatants.
      Antileishmanial activity could be separated from interferon-gamma in first day,
      but not in second day supernatants.

PMID- 3881190
TI  - Distribution of immunoglobulin isotypes in the nonspecific B-cell response
      induced by infection with Plasmodium chabaudi adami and Plasmodium yoelii.
AB  - The nonspecific B-cell response induced by infecting mice with two nonlethal
      malaria parasites, Plasmodium chabaudi adami and Plasmodium yoelii, was analyzed
      in an isotype-specific reverse plaque assay. Our results showed different
      isotypic patterns in the two infections, although cells secreting immunoglobulin
      of all isotypes were increased to some extent. P. yoelii induced large increases
      in secreting cells of all isotypes; IgG2a-secreting cells were increased out of
      proportion to those of the other IgG classes. P. chabaudi induced large increases
      in secreting cells of all isotypes except IgG1. In addition, there was not a
      disproportionate increase in cells secreting IgG2a. The data show that these
      "polyclonal" responses are different during each infection. There are marked
      similarities between the distribution of "nonspecific isotypes" and the specific
      antibodies formed in each infection.

PMID- 3881191
TI  - The production of regulatory cytokines for thymocyte proliferation by murine
      thymic epithelium in vitro.
AB  - Two separate cultures of pure, morphologically distinct thymic epithelial cells
      have been generated and maintained in culture for one year (A.C. Nieburgs et al.,
      Cell. Immunol. 90, 439-450, 1985). Supernatants from one of these cell lines,
      TECs, were examined for functional activity on thymocytes in vitro. These
      supernatants contained three distinct intercellular mediators, each capable of
      modulating thymocyte responses to T-cell mitogens. Enhancement of thymocyte
      proliferation to suboptimal doses of mitogen was associated with a factor that
      eluted in the 97,000-Da region on molecular sieve chromatography and was
      functionally and physicochemically distinct from interleukin-1 and interleukin-2
      (IL-1 and IL-2). Suppression of the thymocyte response to optimal doses of
      mitogen was mediated by a 1000- to 5000-Da factor. These two intercellular
      components have different susceptibilities to heat treatments and are trypsin
      insensitive. In addition, thymic epithelial cells produced significantly high
      levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) which also suppressed thymocyte responses to
      mitogen, but only at high doses of supernatant. These epithelial cell-derived
      enhancing and inhibitory effects on thymocytes could play a role in regulating
      intrathymic events.

PMID- 3881192
TI  - Modulation of human natural killer cell activity by recombinant human interleukin
      2.
AB  - Recombinant human IL-2, secreted by yeast harboring a plasmid containing a
      synthetic IL-2 gene, is biologically active in augmenting human natural killer
      (NK) cell activity. A dose-dependent linear stimulation of NK activity was
      obtained against the chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K562 over the range
      of 3 to 300 units/ml of IL-2. Enhancement of NK activity was similarly
      demonstrable against the less NK-sensitive carcinoma cell lines LoVo and SKOSC.
      IL-2 could also be demonstrated to augment antibody-dependent cellular
      cytotoxicity (ADCC) against SKOSC targets. IL-2 responsiveness segregated with a
      non-E-rosetting fraction comprising 11% of postfractionation lymphocytes, and
      containing 94% of the recoverable NK activity, suggesting that IL-2 might operate
      directly upon the NK cell rather than through an accessory cell. This is believed
      to be the first demonstration of NK stimulatory activity by the product of a
      totally synthetic human IL-2 gene. The availability, purity, and NK-enhancing
      properties of the recombinant IL-2 make it a potentially important agent for
      clinical trial.

PMID- 3881193
TI  - Immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G secretion by human B cells exposed to RU
      41.740, a glycoprotein extract from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AB  - RU 41.740, a glycoprotein extract from Klebsiella pneumoniae, was seen to
      activate human B cells to immunoglobulin secretion in vitro. The effects of RU
      41.740 on human B cells were compared to those induced by pokeweed mitogen, a T
      cell-dependent polyclonal B-cell activator, and Epstein-Barr virus, a T-cell
      independent polyclonal B-cell activator. Exposure of human B cells to all of
      these agents resulted in increased immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G
      (IgG) secretion. IgM and IgG secretion induced by RU 41.740 appeared to be T cell
      dependent when B cells were isolated from human peripheral blood. However, this
      activity may have been T cell independent when B cells were isolated from human
      spleen. RU 41.740-induced IgM secretion by peripheral blood B cells was seen to
      peak after 6 days in culture; IgG secretion peaked after 7 days in culture. The
      optimal concentration of RU 41.740 for the induction of IgM and IgG secretion by
      human B cells in vitro was seen to be 200 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 3881194
TI  - Macrophage glycolipid receptors for human migration inhibitory factor (MIF):
      differentiated HL-60 cells exhibit MIF responsiveness and express surface
      glycolipids which both bind MIF and convert nonresponsive cells to
      responsiveness.
AB  - The human promyelocytic leukemia line HL-60 when treated with a phorbol diester
      (TPA) differentiates into cells (HL60-TPA) that respond to human migration
      inhibitory factor (MIF). Unresponsive HL-60 cells became responsive to MIF when
      preincubated with a glycolipid-enriched preparation extracted from HL60-TPA
      cells, human monocytes, human macrophage-like (U937) cell line, or with the
      purified glycolipid receptor for MIF from guinea pig peritoneal macrophages.
      Human blood monocytes exhibited an increased response to MIF when preincubated
      with glycolipids from HL60-TPA and U937 cells but not from HL-60 cells. Finally,
      glycolipids from HL60-TPA cells but not from HL-60 cells were able to reversibly
      bind MIF when covalently coupled to agarose. These studies suggest that TPA
      induces the differentiation of HL-60 cells into MIF-responsive cells through the
      expression of a glycolipid receptor for MIF.

PMID- 3881195
TI  - Trampoline and minitrampoline injuries to the cervical spine.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to (1) examine the world's literature documenting
      cervical spine injuries; (2) attempt to identify common factors regarding patient
      characteristics, environment, injury mechanisms, and pathology; (3) review policy
      statements and safety guidelines of various medical and athletic administrative
      bodies; and (4) evaluate what effect, if any, these policies and guidelines have
      had on documented injuries. On the basis of this review, we believe that the
      American Academy of Pediatrics was ill-advised in altering its position on the
      use of trampolines. It is our opinion that both the trampoline and the
      minitrampoline are dangerous devices when used in the best of circumstances, and
      their use has no place in recreational, educational, or competitive gymnastics.

PMID- 3881196
TI  - The administration of gymnastics in the United States.
AB  - The United States Gymnastics Federation won its struggle for international
      recognition and has since succeeded creditably on the international level.
      However, the organization faces monetary problems, with which it has made some
      progress. Much remains to be done. To satisfy the grassroots grumblings, the
      U.S.G.F. must deal with this important part of the gymnastics program. The newly
      elected executive director of the U.S.G.F., Michael Jacki, underscores this as
      one of his most urgent problems. The United States Association for Independent
      Gymnastics Coaches, with its great contribution to the sport through its many
      innovative programs, deserves a greater voice in national and international
      concerns through the U.S.G.F. structure. The tremendous challenges facing the
      sport are how to reinstate the men's intercollegiate and interscholastic
      gymnastics programs that have been dropped and how to expand existing ones.
      Finally, the U.S.G.F. has to work toward a more cooperative relationship between
      the men's and women's program. The women have made great strides and should
      assist the men in this boom. A cohesive attitude should be developed for one
      sport, gymnastics, for both sexes.

PMID- 3881197
TI  - Enhancement of DNA binding and mutagenicity of 1-nitropyrene by zinc acetate in
      Salmonella typhimurium TA100.
AB  - The effect of zinc acetate on the mutagenicity of 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) in
      Salmonella typhimurium TA100 was examined. By the pre-treatment of the cells with
      zinc ions (0.24 mM) the revertant colonies caused by 1.5 microM of 1-NP in the
      pre-incubation mixtures increased approximately 3-fold, while the survival
      colonies decreased to approximately 75% under the same conditions. The enhancing
      effect of zinc ions on the mutagenicity was not dependent on the increase of 1-NP
      incorporation into the cells. The addition of zinc ions to whole cell
      preparations had no enhancing effect on the 1-NP reductase activity. The effect
      of zinc acetate on the binding of [3H]1-NP to DNA in S. typhimurium TA100 was
      examined. The amount of [3H]1-NP bound to DNA increased by the pre-treatment of
      the cells with zinc ions. A good correlation was found between the extent of
      binding of 1-NP to DNA and the frequency of induced histidine reversions in the
      cells treated with zinc ions under the experimental conditions used.

PMID- 3881198
TI  - Pulmonary artery constriction produces a greater right ventricular dynamic
      afterload than lung microvascular injury in the open chest dog.
AB  - Investigators model noncardiogenic pulmonary hypertension by constricting the
      pulmonary artery to increase right ventricular afterload. To investigate this
      model's validity, we compared the right ventricular afterload, quantified as
      pulmonary input impedance, created by constricting the pulmonary artery and by
      inducing a pulmonary microvascular injury (with glass beads infused into the
      pulmonary circulation). The pulmonary injury constriction produced a different
      right ventricular afterload than the microvascular injury. The constriction
      increased both the input resistance and the characteristic impedance.
      Microvascular injury increased only input resistance. Physiological levels of
      lung inflation did not influence pulmonary impedance, but lung hyperinflation
      increased input resistance both before and while constricting the pulmonary
      artery or after producing microvascular injury. Total right ventricular power
      output and stroke work were unchanged during each vascular intervention.
      Pulmonary artery constriction did not affect power output distribution, whereas
      microvascular injury decreased oscillatory power and its relative contribution to
      total power. Lung hyperinflation dramatically reduced right ventricular power and
      left ventricular stroke work. These effects appeared mediated by right
      ventricular afterload increase uncompensated for by right ventricular preload
      increase. These observations help explain the hemodynamic consequences of acute
      pulmonary hypertension and the effects of lung hyperinflation with positive end
      expiratory pressure respiration in such patients.

PMID- 3881199
TI  - Limitations of tracer oxygen uptake in the canine coronary circulation.
AB  - Theoretical models of oxygen transport in the myocardium have failed to account
      for low average tissue pO2 relative to to coronary sinus pO2, measured with pO2
      electrodes and myoglobin saturation, and for hypoxic contractile failure at
      relatively high coronary sinus pO2 levels. These findings could be explained by
      either arteriovenous diffusional shunting or a limiting rate of transfer of
      oxygen from blood to tissue, or both. To gain new insights, we performed multiple
      indicator dilution tracer experiments across the coronary circulation in the dog,
      with 18O2 as the oxygen tracer and 51Cr-labeled red cells as the reference tracer
      for oxygen. 125I-Albumin and 22Na+ were included to provide the relative plasma
      flow rate. The tracer oxygen outflow curve consisted of a large early peak
      related to its reference red cell curve. No tracer emerged before the labeled red
      cells. The downslope, which contains the returning component of the tracer curve,
      decreased less steeply when oxygen consumption was reduced by propranolol.
      Fitting the tracer oxygen outflow curve with a distributed model including
      irreversible sequestration behind a resistance gave a transfer rate constant
      which was relatively small, and a relatively large rate constant for
      sequestration. Relative oxygen consumption (estimated from the arteriovenous
      difference) correlated closely with the rate constant for sequestration.
      Estimated average tissue oxygen concentrations were of the order of one-third
      blood concentration. Dimensional analysis indicates that the low transfer rate
      constant derives from hemoglobin-oxygen binding; this decreases fractional tracer
      oxygen transfer in proportion to the ratio of plasma:red cell oxygen pools.

PMID- 3881200
TI  - A monoclonal-antibody enzyme immunoassay for detection of hepatitis B surface
      antigen with use of a biotin-avidin system.
AB  - In this solid-phase two-site enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis B surface antigen
      (HBsAg), three monoclonal anti-HBs are used: 5D3 (IgM) is immobilized on plastic
      beads; 5C3 (IgG2a) and 5C 11 (IgG1), labeled with biotin, are used as the first
      conjugate. Horseradish peroxidase covalently linked to avidin is the second
      conjugate. First, serum or plasma is incubated with the antibody-coated bead and
      biotin-labeled antibodies, simultaneously, at 45 degrees C for 1 h ("stat"
      procedure), 3 h ("standard" procedure), or 18 h ("overnight" procedure), during
      which HBsAg forms a complex with the solid-phase antibody and the biotinylated
      antibodies. The enzyme-conjugated avidin is then bound to the biotin on the
      antigen-antibody complex at 45 degrees C for 15 min ("stat") or 30 min (standard
      and overnight procedures). The beads are incubated with enzyme-substrate solution
      (H2O2 and o-phenylenediamine). Color developed is measured at 492 nm. All
      procedures satisfied third-generation HBsAg tests required by the FDA Office of
      Biologics, being sensitive both to ad and ay subtypes in subnanogram amounts. The
      assay is reactive with adw2, adw4, adr, ayw2, ayw3, and ayr subtypes and can
      detect viral determinants in HBsAg-anti-HBs immune complex form. Thus it provides
      a sensitive, simple, and reproducible alternative to radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 3881201
TI  - Clinical evaluation of the Seralyzer reagent strip system for measurement of
      serum theophylline.

PMID- 3881202
TI  - Positive diphenhydramine interference in the EMIT-d.a.u. assay.

PMID- 3881203
TI  - Does 1,25(OH)2D3 accelerate spinal bone loss? A controlled therapeutic trial in
      70-year-old women.
AB  - The progress of spinal bone loss was monitored by measurements of the vertebral
      body height of T6 to L5 in seventy 70-year-old women who participated in a
      controlled, double-blind therapeutic trial. They were treated for one year by
      1,25(OH)2D3, 0.50 micrograms a day (or less if hypercalcemia occurred) and
      cyclical estrogen/gestagen, alone or combined, or placebo. Sufficient calcium
      intake was ensured in all. The vertebral body height decreased significantly, by
      1%, in both of the 1,25(OH)2D3 groups, whereas it remained unchanged in the
      hormone and the placebo + calcium group. This observation does not encourage the
      use of 1,25(OH)2D3 for prevention or treatment of postmenopausal bone loss.

PMID- 3881204
TI  - The classic. Tibial plateau prosthesis. By Duncan C. McKeever, 1960.

PMID- 3881205
TI  - Computerized tomography and ultrasonographic findings in massive thymic
      hyperplasia. Case discussion and review of current concepts.
AB  - Massive thymic hyperplasia in the neonate and young infant can be difficult to
      diagnose. Differentiation from neoplastic lesions may require thoracotomy for a
      pathologic specimen. We review a case in a 15-month-old child referred to our
      institution and discuss the radiographic, ultrasound, and computerized
      tomographic features of hyperplastic thymic tissue. We review current concepts of
      the hyperplastic thymus as an anterior mediastinal mass in infancy.

PMID- 3881206
TI  - Antiarrhythmic effects of intravenous timolol in supraventricular arrhythmias.
AB  - The antiarrhythmic effect of timolol was investigated in 160 subjects with
      supraventricular arrhythmias. In our double-blind, randomized, parallel,
      multiclinic study, subjects received timolol, 1 mg iv, or matching placebo as a
      starting dose, followed by a second and third dose of 1 mg each (or matching
      placebo) at 20-min intervals if the arrhythmia did not convert to sinus rhythm.
      Subjects in whom the sinus rhythm returned or the ventricular rate decreased to
      less than 100 bpm were transferred to a dosing regimen of timolol in 10-mg
      tablets twice a day by mouth, 1 hr after the last intravenous dose. Data
      indicated that the mean decrease in heart rate was 44 bpm after timolol and 7 bpm
      after placebo. The overall proportion of responders (either conversion to sinus
      rhythm or a decrease in ventricular rate to less than 100 bpm) was 68% after
      timolol and 7% after placebo. The proportions of responders after timolol were
      significantly higher than the proportions after placebo for paroxysmal
      supraventricular tachycardia (26 of 32 subjects and two of 38 subjects), atrial
      fibrillation (17 of 29 subjects and three of 32 subjects), and atrial flutter
      (seven of 11 subjects and one of nine subjects). The most common adverse effects
      were bradycardia and hypotension.

PMID- 3881207
TI  - Abnormal regulation of venous alanine after glucose ingestion in myotonic
      dystrophy.
AB  - The concentration of amino acids in whole blood was measured before and during
      standard 5 h oral glucose tolerance testing in six male patients with myotonic
      dystrophy and five normal males. The plasma levels of insulin and glucose were
      also determined. From 90 to 240 min after glucose ingestion there was a striking
      decline in venous alanine concentration in the patients with myotonic dystrophy
      in contrast to a slight rise in alanine in the normal group. The patients
      displayed normal glucose tolerance, and there was a sustained fall in the venous
      concentration of the insulin-sensitive amino acids comparable with that seen in
      the normal controls. However, the patients showed a threefold increase of plasma
      insulin after glucose. These data indicate an abnormal regulation of alanine in
      myotonic dystrophy which may be the result of an alteration in muscle synthesis
      of this amino acid. This defect in alanine synthesis may be due to a decreased
      availability of intracellular pyruvate caused by the insulin resistance that
      exists in these patients.

PMID- 3881208
TI  - Haemodynamic and endocrine responses of the kidney to frusemide in mild essential
      hypertension.
AB  - Prostaglandin-dependent, frusemide-induced changes in renal plasma flow,
      glomerular filtration rate and plasma renin activity were measured in 14 patients
      with mild essential hypertension. The renal haemodynamic responses to frusemide
      were the same as in 10 normal subjects. Frusemide-induced changes in urinary PGE
      and kallikrein excretion were also the same as in normal subjects. Impaired renal
      release of vasodilator prostaglandins in essential hypertension is likely to be
      secondary to the hypertension rather than an underlying factor in its
      development.

PMID- 3881209
TI  - Lack of effect of naloxone in a moderate dosage on the exercise-induced increase
      in blood pressure, heart rate, plasma catecholamines, plasma renin activity and
      plasma aldosterone in healthy males.
AB  - There is evidence that opioid peptides influence blood pressure and heart rate in
      animals and man. In the present investigation the effect of naloxone on the
      exercise-induced increase in blood pressure, heart rate, plasma catecholamines,
      plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone was investigated in nine
      healthy men. A submaximal work test was performed on two occasions. The test
      consisted of ergometer bicycling for 10 min on 50% of maximal working capacity
      immediately followed by 10 min on 80% of maximal working capacity. Ten minutes
      before exercise the subjects received in a randomized manner a bolus dose of
      naloxone (10 micrograms/kg) or a corresponding volume of saline followed by a
      slow infusion (15 ml/h) of naloxone (5 micrograms h-1 kg-1) or saline,
      respectively. After exercise systolic blood pressure, heart rate, plasma
      catecholamines, PRA and plasma aldosterone increased during both saline and
      naloxone infusion. The changes were similar in both studies. Accordingly, opiate
      receptors sensitive to naloxone in a moderate dosage seem not to be involved in
      the cardiovascular response and the increase in plasma catecholamines, PRA and
      plasma aldosterone induced by exercise.

PMID- 3881210
TI  - Proteolytic activity of Candida albicans and other yeasts.
AB  - Clinical isolates of C. albicans (75 strains) and other yeasts (20 strains) were
      evaluated for their ability to produce a carboxyl acid proteinase in an effort to
      assess its potential role as a virulence factor. Yeasts were categorized as to
      the infectious process present in the patient: (1) isolates from patients with
      invasive disease, (2) isolates from patients with possible invasive disease, (3)
      isolates from superficially infected patients and (4) isolates from noninfected,
      colonized patients. Yeasts were grown for 7 days in medium containing bovine
      serum albumin (BSA) as the sole nitrogen source. The amount of extracellular
      proteinase was measured at pH 3.2, using BSA as substrate. The majority (97%) of
      C. albicans isolates produced a detectable proteinase. Some non-C. albicans
      isolates produced proteinase; however, the amount of activity was generally less
      than for C. albicans. No correlation was found between the amount of proteolytic
      activity and the degree of invasiveness of the strains.

PMID- 3881211
TI  - Comparison of the effectiveness of moxalactam and cefazolin in the prevention of
      infection in patients undergoing abdominal operations.
AB  - Patients undergoing elective intraabdominal operations received a three-dose
      prophylactic regimen of either moxalactam (83 patients) or cefazolin (98
      patients) in a blinded, randomized fashion. There was a 9% overall infection rate
      with 6% for those in the cefazolin group (6/98), and 12% for those treated with
      moxalactam (10/83) (p = 0.26). Infection rates stratified by types of surgery
      were similar for both regimens. The drugs were well tolerated, with minimal side
      effects. Patients at highest risk of infection were those with obstruction of
      upper gastrointestinal tract and those with pancreatitis. We concluded that
      moxalactam was no more effective than cefazolin in preventing postoperative
      infections in this study population.

PMID- 3881212
TI  - Identification of gram-negative bacilli using the Autobac IDX.
AB  - The Autobac IDX is a new system for the rapid identification of clinically
      significant members of the Enterobacteriaceae and Aeromonas, Acinetobacter,
      Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium, Moraxella, and Pseudomonas species. The use of 18
      differentially inhibitory compounds such as dyes and antibiotics along with a
      computerized algorithm based on a multivariate analysis provides the basis for
      the identification of 30 different groups of gram-negative bacilli. Required
      preliminary tests include observations on the presence or absence of swarming on
      a sheep blood agar plate and noting the following: growth, lactose fermentation,
      and bile precipitation from a MacConkey plate. Spot indole and spot oxidase tests
      must be performed as well. Identification by the Autobac IDX System takes 3-6 hr
      after completion of the preliminary tests. From a total of 403 isolates tested,
      the Autobac system agreed with the MicroID AND N/F systems on 382 identifications
      (94.8%). Four isolates, two Acinetobacter anitratus, one Serratia marcescens and
      one Moraxella osloensis could not be identified by IDX. Additional testing was
      required on 35 (8.7%) of the isolates.

PMID- 3881213
TI  - Hemoglobin components and plasma proteins in Pitymys duodecimcostatus.
AB  - Six different hemoglobins have been demonstrated by polyacrylamide disc gel
      electrophoresis in a species of vole Pitymys duodecimcostatus. Plasma proteins of
      the Pitymys duodecimcostatus were analyzed by polyacrylamide disc gel
      electrophoresis and there was no significant difference with the electrophoretic
      patterns of the rat (Rattus norvegicus). The hematological values, hematocrit,
      hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte number have been analyzed.

PMID- 3881214
TI  - The enzymatic activities of GTP cyclohydrolase, sepiapterin reductase,
      dihydropteridine reductase and dihydrofolate reductase; and tetrahydrobiopterin
      content in mammalian ocular tissues and in human senile cataracts.
AB  - The enzymatic activities of GTP cyclohydrolase, sepiapterin reductase,
      dihydropterin reductase and dihydrofolate reductase were determined in the ocular
      tissues of rat, rabbit, calf and human. The enzymatic activities of the pteridine
      biosynthesis and the content of tetrahydropteridine (BH4) were higher in retina
      and ciliary body-iris as compared with lens tissue in all mammalian species
      tested. The activities of the pteridine synthesizing enzymes and BH4 content were
      decreased in human senile cataracts as compared with age-matched clear human
      lenses. The loss of BH4 may result in lenticular proteins more susceptible to
      oxidation and contribute to high molecular weight protein formation in cataracts.

PMID- 3881215
TI  - Burns: an overview of clinical consequences affecting patient, staff, and family.

PMID- 3881216
TI  - Imipramine versus propranolol for the treatment of panic attacks: a pilot study.

PMID- 3881217
TI  - Suicide among schizophrenics: a review.

PMID- 3881218
TI  - Legionella and Legionnaires' disease: a review with emphasis on environmental
      studies and laboratory diagnosis.
AB  - Legionella pneumophila and related species are important causes of epidemic
      bacterial pneumonia and nosocomial infection. This review will discuss this new
      family of bacteria and the diseases they produce. The classification, general
      microbiologic characteristics, and ecology of the bacteria will be reviewed and
      the epidemiology and clinical aspects of the infection will be discussed. More
      emphasis will be given to issues that are more directly related to laboratory
      workers and with which the author has had more direct experience: pathology,
      laboratory diagnosis of human infection, pathogenesis of the infection, and
      virulence mechanisms of the bacterium. Therapy and prevention of the infection
      will be discussed more briefly.

PMID- 3881219
TI  - Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration as an adjunctive therapy for septic
      shock.
AB  - The effects of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration were studied in septic
      patients with acute renal failure and gross fluid overload. Hemofiltration was
      performed for a mean of 7 days per patient (range 1 to 14 days). The mean
      filtration volume was 3.64 L/day. The mean total ultrafiltration volume per
      patient was 25.5 L. The patients were hemodynamically stable during
      hemofiltration, as indicated by measurements of arterial blood pressure, CVP,
      pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, and cardiac output.
      Multiple simultaneous measurements in both serum and ultrafiltrate showed a very
      close correlation for sodium, potassium, phosphorus, urea and creatinine levels.
      There was no detectable protein in the ultrafiltrate. The calcium concentration
      in the ultrafiltrate was relatively low. Finally, antibiotic levels in the
      ultrafiltrate were almost equal to serum levels. There were no significant
      complications; in this series of patients hemofiltration was a safe and effective
      treatment of fluid overload.

PMID- 3881220
TI  - Aminophylline versus doxapram in weaning premature infants from mechanical
      ventilation: preliminary report.
AB  - A small, double-blind crossover study compared the efficacy of aminophylline and
      doxapram in ventilator weaning of eight premature infants recovering from
      respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Although neither drug was significantly
      better than the other, four infants were weaned from mechanical ventilation after
      drug administration. It is suggested that drugs stimulating the respiratory
      center may aid in shortening the duration of mechanical ventilation in premature
      infants recovering from RDS.

PMID- 3881221
TI  - Medical management of spinal cord injury.
AB  - Each year, some 12,000 Americans are rendered paraplegic or quadriplegic by
      spinal cord injury. Most of these injuries result from motor vehicle accidents,
      falls, and sports-related trauma. Although the short-term and long-term prognosis
      for paraplegic and quadriplegic patients has improved in recent years, an
      alarmingly large number of these patients die before or during initial
      hospitalization. The following article has been prepared to help clinicians
      understand and manage patients with spinal cord injuries. It reviews the
      pathophysiology of spinal cord trauma, especially that involving the cervical
      region, and discusses the treatment of this condition from a critical care,
      rather than a neurosurgical, point of view.

PMID- 3881222
TI  - Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on venous distension during
      transvenous interruption of the vena cava.

PMID- 3881223
TI  - Effects of mechanical ventilation on cardiopulmonary function in children after
      open-heart surgery.
AB  - The reduction in functional residual capacity (FRC) after anesthesia and thoracic
      surgery may result in atelectasis, hypoxia, and respiratory failure. Mechanical
      ventilation reverses the FRC reduction but may also decrease cardiac output and
      increase the pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) in some patients. The
      cardiopulmonary effects of stopping mechanical ventilation after open-heart
      surgery were studied in 17 children. FRC, arterial pH, and PaO2 were
      significantly reduced, while PaCO2, oxygen consumption, and right ventricular
      stroke work index significantly increased. Mean FRC on spontaneous respiration
      was below normal despite continuous positive airway pressure. PVRI increased
      significantly in patients whose FRC fell below 22 ml/kg on spontaneous
      respiration. The PVRI increase was most marked in patients with pre-existing
      pulmonary vascular disease. These results confirm the value of appropriate
      mechanical ventilation in the early postoperative management of children
      undergoing open-heart surgery, particularly those with pulmonary vascular
      disease.

PMID- 3881224
TI  - Twenty-nail dystrophy of childhood: a reappraisal.

PMID- 3881225
TI  - All positive airway pressures are not created equal!

PMID- 3881226
TI  - Prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications with CPAP, incentive
      spirometry, and conservative therapy.
AB  - Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) administered at intervals with a mask
      and incentive spirometry (IS) were compared with a regimen of coughing and deep
      breathing (CDB) to determine which promoted the most rapid recovery of pulmonary
      function after upper abdominal operations in 65 adults. Postoperatively, FRC of
      patients in all groups was similar relative to preoperative values. However, mean
      FRC of patients who received CPAP increased more rapidly than did mean FRC of
      those receiving CDB when compared to the values obtained following operation (p
      less than 0.05). Incentive spirometry did not increase FRC to a greater extent
      than did CDB. Roentgenographic evidence of atelectasis 72 hours postoperatively
      was observed in 23 percent of CPAP patients (five of 22) and 42 percent and 41
      percent of patients who received CDB (eight of 19) and IS (nine of 22). Two
      patients (3 percent) developed pneumonia. The low incidence of pneumonia
      regardless of the type of therapy may be attributable to vigorous, vigilant
      respiratory care in a population at high risk for developing pneumonia. Frequency
      and supervision of respiratory therapy may be more important than the type of
      therapy delivered after upper abdominal operations. Mask CPAP offers advantages
      because it requires no effort from the patient, and therapy is not painful.

PMID- 3881227
TI  - Acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular dysfunction and
      respiratory failure. The effects of continuous positive airway pressure.
AB  - The cardiopulmonary effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) were
      studied in 14 patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by
      circulatory and respiratory failure. Cardiac performance, lung mechanics, and gas
      exchange were assessed during 50 percent mechanical ventilatory support at end
      expiratory airway pressure levels of 0, 5, 10, and 15 mm Hg. The increase in
      airway pressure resulted in significantly improved arterial blood oxygenation (p
      less than 0.001) and in a substantial reduction in the spontaneous respiratory
      effort (p less than 0.001). We observed a slight decrease in stroke volume index
      (p less than 0.05) with increasing airway pressure in patients who had moderate
      left ventricular dysfunction, and a trend of improvement (NS) in those who had
      severe pump failure. Relatively high levels of CPAP can be used to improve
      pulmonary function in patients with acute myocardial infarction and left
      ventricular failure. In fact, circulatory depression is less likely to occur when
      cardiac performance is poor.

PMID- 3881228
TI  - Effect of diltiazem on histamine- and carbachol-induced bronchospasm in normal
      and asthmatic subjects.
AB  - Recently, several transmembrane calcium-channel blockers have been used in
      experimental models to investigate the mechanisms through which Ca++ ions
      contribute to the regulation of the contractile response of airway smooth muscle
      and to determine the therapeutic use of these drugs in bronchial asthma. Since
      the data from these studies are inconsistent and inconclusive, we studied the
      effect of diltiazem, a calcium-channel blocker previously not examined to our
      knowledge, on histamine- and carbachol-induced bronchoconstriction in healthy and
      in asymptomatic allergic bronchial asthma. The study was performed in a double
      blind, randomized, placebo-controlled fashion, using a single oral dose of 60 mg
      of diltiazem. Airway reactivity to histamine and carbachol expressed by PD35SGaw
      was significantly but weakly attenuated by diltiazem in the asthmatic, but not in
      the normal subjects. Baseline lung function was not significantly influenced by
      diltiazem. We concluded that the effect of diltiazem on unspecific airway
      hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic subjects is too weak to justify a recommendation
      as therapy.

PMID- 3881229
TI  - Pulmonary host defense mechanisms.

PMID- 3881230
TI  - Standard therapy for tuberculosis 1985.

PMID- 3881231
TI  - BCG vaccine.

PMID- 3881232
TI  - A model for the classification of specimens containing random proportions of
      abnormal cells.
AB  - The effect of abnormal cell proportion on the performance of an automated
      cervical prescreening system is discussed in K.R. Castleman and B.S. White,
      Cytometry 2:155-18. The model employed assumes fixed proportions of abnormal
      cells, both in the design stage and in the test stage. In the present paper, an
      extended model is developed that allows for random variability of this
      proportion. It is shown, that there is a fundamental, non-zero lower limit to the
      false-negative specimen error rate, which depends only on the coefficient of
      variation. This limit may be reached even for moderate values of the coefficient
      of variation, which implies that a satisfactory prescreening system may not be
      feasible.

PMID- 3881233
TI  - Harvesting of leukocytes from intestinal lumen in murine giardiasis and
      preliminary characterization of these cells.
AB  - The aims of this study were to develop a method for harvesting leukocytes from
      the mouse small intestinal lumen and to identify leukocytes which enter the
      intestinal lumen of mice infected with Giardia muris. Giardia-infected and
      uninfected BALB/c mice were anesthetized, and the small intestine was removed.
      The intestinal lumen was then flushed with nutrient medium, and the luminal
      washings were found to contain substantial numbers of mononuclear leukocytes. The
      number of these cells harvested from the intestinal lumen of 24 mice infected
      with Giardia muris was 22 +/- 3 X 10(4) (mean value +/- standard error). Most of
      the cells were lymphocytes, although small numbers of macrophages were also
      obtained. By staining with monoclonal antibodies, approximately 50% of the
      intraluminal leukocytes were shown to be T lymphocytes. Similar numbers of
      mononuclear leukocytes were obtained from the intestinal lumen of Giardia
      infected and uninfected mice. However, T lymphocytes and other mononuclear cells
      from infected animals were frequently observed in contact with Giardia
      trophozoites. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that
      intraluminal leukocytes play a part in gastrointestinal immune defense.

PMID- 3881234
TI  - The intensive care unit syndrome: causes, treatment, and prevention.
AB  - The psychological assessment and management of the critically ill patient is
      often overlooked as a part of the patient care plan. The intensive care unit
      (ICU) syndrome is a type of organic brain syndrome manifested by a variety of
      psychological reactions, including fear, anxiety, depression, hallucinations, and
      delirium. Causes, treatment modalities, and a multidisciplinary approach to
      preventing the ICU syndrome are presented. Causative factors that should be
      assessed in the psychological evaluation of ICU patients include: (1)
      preadmission history; (2) past ability to adapt to stress; (3) past and current
      medications; (4) current clinical status; and (5) environmental factors. The
      treatment of the ICU syndrome includes: (1) the correction or elimination of
      causative factors; (2) the appropriate choice, dose, and route of administration
      of anxiolytic and antipsychotic agents; (3) reduction or elimination of sources
      of environmental stress; and (4) frequent patient and family communication.
      Finally, the prevention of the ICU syndrome through the involvement of
      physicians, nurses, and pharmacists is stressed.

PMID- 3881235
TI  - [Oral aciclovir in frequently recurring genital herpes].

PMID- 3881236
TI  - [Goiter epidemiology. IV. Thyroid volumes in German and Swedish school children].
AB  - Thyroid volume was determined by ultrasound in 13-year-old school-children (n =
      2244) from 23 places in the Federal Republic of Germany and in 224 school
      children from Stockholm (where there is adequate iodine supply). The results show
      that thyroid size gradually increases from north to south. There are clear
      endemic nests in the central region of the Federal Republic of Germany. Mean
      thyroid volume in Swedish children was 4.2 ml, in German children 9.3 ml. More
      than one third of German children have a larger thyroid volume than the largest
      volume measured in Swedish children. The results support the need for iodine-salt
      prophylaxis for the entire German Federal Republic.

PMID- 3881237
TI  - [New aspects of the diet in type 1 diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3881238
TI  - [Reduction of insulin reserves and exocrine pancreatic secretion in chronic
      pancreatitis].
AB  - In 11 persons with normal pancreas function and 21 patients with chronic
      pancreatitis serum levels of insulin and C-peptide were measured under basal
      conditions and after maximal stimulation with glucose-tolbutamide-glucagon.
      Patients with the highest excretory deficiency in the secretin-pancreozymin test
      had the most marked impairment in endocrine function. In patients with manifest
      diabetes the exocrine capacity was reduced to an average of 10% of normal. The
      endocrine parameters correlated linearly with the exocrine ones, most markedly C
      peptide reserve with pancreatic enzyme secretion.

PMID- 3881239
TI  - [Sonographically controlled fine punch biopsy of the thyroid gland].
AB  - Under local anaesthesia and under ultrasound guidance punch biopsy with a cutting
      biopsy needle was performed in 50 patients, providing 65 biopsy specimens. In 57
      instances the indications for biopsy were nodular goitre, in 8 diffuse
      parenchymal involvement. Focal alterations were reliably hit if they were larger
      than 1 cm in diameter. The punch biopsy was performed without clinical
      complications. In 60 of 65 instances (92%) a sufficiently large tissue specimen
      was obtained for adequate histological assessment. In 13 patients with clinical
      indications for operation, surgical intervention was avoided because the biopsy
      proved the tissue to be benign. In 7 patients the accuracy of the punch biopsy
      was demonstrated, agreeing with the findings of biopsy obtained at operation or
      post-mortem. A close positive correlation existed between echogenicity of thyroid
      lesions and their histologically demonstrated colloid content. Although punch
      biopsy under ultrasound guidance is technically more complex than fine-needle
      aspiration cytology, it has the advantage that structural histological changes
      can also be assessed. This increases the diagnostic accuracy of the morphological
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3881240
TI  - [Diagnosis of Goodpasture syndrome].

PMID- 3881241
TI  - [Gynecomastia].

PMID- 3881242
TI  - [Short-term therapy of duodenal ulcer with omeprazole and ranitidine. Results of
      a German multicenter study].
AB  - In a randomized, endoscopically controlled double-blind trial the effectiveness
      of a single oral, morning dose of 40 mg omeprazole was compared with a twice
      daily oral dose of 150 mg ranitidine given to 334 ambulatory patients with
      duodenal ulcers. Under omeprazole 105 of 146 duodenal ulcers were demonstrated to
      have healed within 14 days (72%), compared with 95 of 160 (59%) on ranitidine.
      The difference is statistically significant (P = 0.0121). After 14 days smaller
      ulcers healed more quickly than large ones, regardless of the drug used: 80 of
      110 with diameter 3-5 mm (73%); 48 of 90 with diameter more than 8 mm (53%).
      Smoking delayed healing [healing rate among non-smokers, 87 of 117 (74%); among
      smokers, 113 of 189 (60%)]. Healing rates among smokers receiving omeprazole and
      non-smokers receiving ranitidine were nearly identical. After 4 weeks, at 96 and
      92% respectively, there was no difference in regard to healing rate. Both drugs
      had a similar influence on the symptoms. Thus, for the first time it has been
      demonstrated that omeprazole is superior to ranitidine after 14-day treatment of
      duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 3881243
TI  - [Konrad Reijo Waara and Duodecim's first year].

PMID- 3881244
TI  - [A 100-year harvest].

PMID- 3881245
TI  - The effects of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on ovulation and
      steroidogenesis during perfusion of rabbit and rat ovaries in vitro.
AB  - The ability of a GnRH agonist (GnRHa) to exert direct effects on rat and rabbit
      ovaries was examined in vitro. Ovaries of estrous rabbits and immature, PMSG
      primed rats were surgically removed and perfused with a defined medium via an
      aortic cannula. In this system, the ovary remains viable and capable of
      undergoing ovulation in response to LH. Samples of perfusion medium were taken
      for steroid measurements and the number of ovulations determined by direct
      observation (rabbit) or oocyte recovery (rat). Follicles of ovaries perfused with
      medium alone rarely ovulated. GnRHa (0.1 micrograms/ml) induced ovulations in 6
      of 7 rat ovaries (4 to 22 ovulations per ovulating ovary) and this effect was
      blocked by a GnRH antagonist. In contrast, a much higher dose of the agonist (10
      micrograms/ml) induced ovulations in only 7 of 15 rabbit ovaries. GnRHa caused
      small but significant increases in progesterone levels in the perfusion medium in
      both species in comparison to no treatment. Mean estradiol levels also tended to
      be higher in the GnRHa groups in comparison to controls but the differences were
      not significant. GnRHa appears to act directly on both the rabbit and rat ovary
      but the rat ovary is much more sensitive to its ovulation-inducing effects.

PMID- 3881246
TI  - Identification by plaque assays of a pituitary cell type that secretes both
      growth hormone and prolactin.
AB  - Sequential application of reverse hemolytic plaque assays for GH and PRL revealed
      the presence of individual pituitary cells that released both hormones. These
      dual cells accounted for approximately one third of all GH and/or PRL secretors
      in 24-h pituitary cultures derived from male rats. Additional studies in which a
      different version of the plaque assay and double-staining immunocytochemistry
      were applied separately to dispersed pituitary cells from males yielded results
      that were virtually identical. These results suggest that mammosomatotropes,
      cells that secrete both GH and PRL, may exist in pituitaries of normal rats.

PMID- 3881247
TI  - Monoclonal autoantibodies that react with hormones also react with cells not
      containing those hormones.
AB  - Two immunoglobulin M monoclonal autoantibodies, PI-6 and AP-2, were found by
      immunofluorescence, hormone absorption, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to
      react with insulin and GH, respectively. The same antibodies were also found to
      react with a variety of organs that do not contain those hormones. Absorption of
      PI-6 with insulin, but not with GH, and absorption of AP-2 with GH, but not with
      insulin, eliminated the capacity of these antibodies to react with all organs
      tested. It is concluded that these monoclonal antibodies are broadly reactive and
      recognize epitopes on more than one protein.

PMID- 3881248
TI  - Insulin release in aging: dynamic response of isolated islets of Langerhans of
      the rat to D-glucose and D-glyceraldehyde.
AB  - Glucose-stimulated insulin release is diminished in islets of Langerhans from
      older rats compared to that in islets from young controls. The causes of this age
      related decrease in hormone release and its relationship to the hyperglycemia
      seen in aging populations have not been fully elucidated. In attempts to define
      this secretory defect, we demonstrated in static studies that the insulin
      secretion to D-glyceraldehyde is not diminished in aging. To gain further insight
      into the effects of D-glyceraldehyde vs. D-glucose in aging and to understand the
      dynamics of insulin release from islets of older rats, dynamic insulin release
      from isolated islets of 2.5- and 13-month-old rats was studied by the technique
      of perifusion to 2.8 mM and 16.7 mM D-glucose or 2.8 mM D-glucose with 5, 10, or
      14 mM D-glyceraldehyde. Insulin secretion at nonstimulatory glucose
      concentrations (2.8 mM) was similar in the two groups of islets. Insulin release
      was reduced by 36% from islets of older rats incubated in the presence of 16.7 mM
      D-glucose, and the first phase of insulin release was largely blunted compared
      with that in islets from young controls. In the presence of 5.0, 10.0, or 14.0 mM
      D-glyceraldehyde (plus 2.8 mM D-glucose), total insulin secretion was similar
      from islets of older and young rats, and normal biphasic release was restored to
      islets from older rats. Response to the secretagogues was delayed by 1 min in
      studies on islets from older rats. These findings demonstrate that while the
      aging process leads to a profound defect in glucose-stimulated insulin release
      from the pancreatic beta-cell, this defect is not present with every
      secretagogue, since the normal secretory response is restored in the presence of
      D-glyceraldehyde. The differences in the insulin secretory responses to D-glucose
      and D-glyceraldehyde in islets from older rats support the hypothesis that the
      major rate-limiting step in stimulus-secretion coupling in aging is before the
      metabolism of the trioses.

PMID- 3881249
TI  - Involvement of the cholinergic system in insulin and glucagon oversecretion of
      genetic preobesity.
AB  - The etiology of the abnormal secretion of hormones from the endocrine pancreas of
      genetically obese (fa/fa) rats is unknown. In this study, we tested the postulate
      that there is an early occurrence of increased efferent parasympathetic activity
      to the endocrine pancreas of these rodents. Unweaned female 17-day-old pups were
      anesthetized and tested by an iv bolus of arginine to stimulate insulin and
      glucagon output. At the time of the tests, pups were indistinguishable from each
      other. They were, therefore, kept to adulthood to allow for their separation into
      an obese (25% of total animals) and a lean (75%) group. Those animals that became
      obese were retrospectively referred to as preobese. Basal insulinemia and
      glucagonemia were identical in the two groups, as were the dynamics of arginine
      induced hormone release. However, arginine-induced insulin as well as glucagon
      output were higher in preobese than in lean pups. These two abnormalities were
      abolished by acute atropine pretreatment. It is concluded that the substrate
      induced insulin and glucagon oversecretion of preobese pups is an early defect
      that is mediated via the vagus nerve.

PMID- 3881250
TI  - Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) antler-stimulating hormone?
AB  - We have investigated the possibility that IGF-1 may play a role in the regulation
      of antler development. Plasma IGF-1 concentrations were measured throughout the
      first period of development of the pedicle and first antler of red deer (Cervus
      elaphus) to determine whether a relationship existed between growth of antler
      cartilage (velvet antler) and IGF-1. We report that plasma levels of IGF-1 are
      significantly elevated during the velvet antler growing phase relative to the
      other phases of pedicle and first antler development and a strong positive
      correlation exists between antler growth rate and circulating concentrations of
      IGF-1. As IGF-1 has been demonstrated to influence cartilage growth, we suggest
      that IGF-1 is a candidate as an antler stimulating hormone.

PMID- 3881251
TI  - Effects of some DNA-ligands and of some mutagenic compounds on the induction of
      meiotic disomic or diploid yeast products.
AB  - Data were collected following the administration of various compounds to meiotic
      yeast cultures to investigate their effects on disomic or diploid induction. Epi
      chlorohydrin, actinomycin D, and 9-aminoacridine were unable to induce either
      diploidy or disomy. Ethyl methanesulphonate was active in inducing diploids,
      while hycanthone induced disomics. beta-Propiolactone, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitro
      soguanidine, and beta-naphtylamine were able to increase both disomy and
      diploidy.

PMID- 3881252
TI  - Impact of a point mutation in the muc region of plasmid pKM101 on anthracycline
      induced mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium.

PMID- 3881254
TI  - Airborne asbestos in Colorado public schools.
AB  - Levels of airborne asbestos for six Colorado public school facilities with
      sprayed-on asbestos materials were documented using three analytical techniques.
      Phase contrast microscopy showed levels up to the thousandths of a fiber per
      cubic centimeter (f/cc), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) up to the hundredths
      of a f/cc, and transmission electron microscopy coupled to selected area electron
      diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (TEM-SAED-EDXA) up to the tenths
      of an asbestos f/cc. Phase contrast microscopy was found to be an inadequate
      analytical technique for documenting the levels of airborne asbestos fibers in
      the schools: only large fibers which were not embedded in the filter were
      counted, and asbestos fibers were not distinguished from nonasbestos.

PMID- 3881253
TI  - In vitro enhancement of the mutagenicity of 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine by plant S
      9.
AB  - The direct-acting mutagen 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NOP) was activated in vitro
      by pea or tobacco S-9 into a more potent mutagen in Salmonella typhimurium strain
      TA98. NOP mutagenicity was not altered by Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver S-9. The
      plant S-9 activation of NOP was heat-sensitive but was not NADPH-dependent, did
      not involve superoxide radicals, and was not inhibited by CO. A direct
      relationship between plant peroxidase and NOP activation was established. Several
      purified peroxidases including horseradish peroxidase, chloroperoxidase, and
      lactoperoxidase also activated NOP. The perodoxidative process was not H2O2
      dependent but was partially inhibited by a peroxidase inhibitor.

PMID- 3881255
TI  - Tryptophanamide formation by Escherichia coli tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase.
AB  - When tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli is allowed to react with
      L-tryptophan and ATP-Mg in the presence of inorganic pyrophosphatase, the
      fluorescence change of the reaction mixture reveals three or four sequential
      processes, depending on the buffer used. Quenched-flow and stopped-flow
      experiments show that the first two processes, which occur in the 0.001-1.0-s
      time scale, can be correlated to the formation of two moles of tryptophanyl
      adenylate per mole of dimeric enzyme. These two processes are reversible by
      adding PPi, as seen in the fluorimeter. The third process leads to a reaction
      product that can no longer reform ATP after addition of PPi and that represents
      tryptophanyl-ATP ester, as demonstrated by thin-layer chromatography. This
      compound has been previously shown to be formed by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase
      from E. coli [K. H. Muench (1969) Biochemistry 8, 4872-4879]. Its formation is
      accompanied by a fluorescence decrease which reaches a minimum in about 30 min.
      The nature of the fourth process depends on the reaction conditions employed. In
      sodium bicarbonate or potassium phosphate buffer, the fourth process corresponds
      to the non-enzymatic hydrolysis of tryptophanyl-ATP ester. This spontaneous
      hydrolysis competes with formation of the ester and limits its concentration.
      Eventually, the progressive exhaustion of ATP brings the fluorescence intensity
      of the reaction mixture back to its initial value. In contrast, in ammonium
      bicarbonate buffer the previous third process is no longer visible, as evidenced
      by the absence of a fluorescence decrease beyond the fast initial quenching
      linked to the formation of tryptophanyl-adenylate. Instead, a fluorescence
      increase is observed. However, unlike the fourth process seen in sodium
      bicarbonate buffer, the fluorescence increase in ammonium bicarbonate is much
      larger than the initial fluorescence decrease linked to adenylate formation, the
      final fluorescence greatly surpassing the starting fluorescence signal. The
      reaction product of this process is tryptophanamide, as evidenced by high
      performance liquid chromatography. Tryptophanamide formation is faster than that
      of tryptophanyl-ATP ester and is enzyme-catalyzed with a Km of 1 mM for ammonia
      and a rate constant of 5.7 min-1 at pH 8.3, 25 degrees C. The affinity of
      tryptophanamide for the protein is too weak to allow the formation of a
      significant concentration of enzyme-product complex. Tryptophanamide is therefore
      released in the reaction medium and its concentration reaches that of the
      limiting substrate.

PMID- 3881257
TI  - Purification and characterization of the indole-3-glycerolphosphate
      synthase/anthranilate synthase complex of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The indole-3-glycerolphosphate synthase/anthranilate synthase complex from
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae was purified to apparent homogeneity. The native complex
      with Mr approximately equal to 130 000 consists of two different subunits, the
      TRP2 gene product with Mr = 64 000 and the TRP3 gene product with Mr = 58 000.
      The larger polypeptide was identified as anthranilate synthase and is active in
      vitro with ammonia as cosubstrate without need of complex formation. The smaller
      polypeptide carries both glutamine amidotransferase activity and indole-3
      glycerolphosphate synthase activity. Various steady-state kinetic parameters as
      well as the amino acid composition of the two polypeptides were determined.

PMID- 3881256
TI  - The core proteins of 35S hnRNP complexes. Characterization of nine different
      species.
AB  - Ribonucleoprotein complexes (hnRNP) containing fragments of heterogeneous nuclear
      (hn)RNA and sedimenting at 35-40 S were isolated from the nuclei of HeLa S3 cells
      using the pH 8.0/diffusion technique. These hnRNP complexes are thought to be
      part of the hnRNA processing apparatus. The major protein components (core
      proteins) were identified by their constant ratios in native particles and in 35S
      hnRNP particles reconstituted in vitro. All of the core proteins, with one
      exception, show an increase in Mr on sodium dodecylsulfate
      (NaDodSO4)/polyacrylamide gels containing 8 M urea, indicative of secondary
      structure elements resistant to denaturation by NaDodSO4. The nine core proteins
      found by us are: A1 [Mr(NaDodSO4) 31 X 10(3)/Mr (urea) 38 X 10(3), apparent
      isoelectric point, pIapp 9.3], A2 (32.5 X 10(3)/39 X 10(3), 8.4), B1a (35.5 X
      10(3)/41 X 10(3), 8.8), B1b (35.5 X 10(3)/44 X 10(3), 8.3), B1c (35.5 X 10(3)/43
      X 10(3), 5.7) B2 (37 X 10(3)/42 X 10(3), 9.15), C1 (39 X 10(3)/46 X 10(3), 9.2),
      C2 (40.5 X 10(3)/45 X 10(3), 5.55) and C3 (38.5 X 10(3)/37 X 10(3), 4.8).
      Individual proteins were electroeluted from two-dimensional gels and their amino
      acid composition determined. Difference indices were calculated and show a group
      of closely related basic proteins (A1, A2, B1a, B1b, B2, C1), two related
      slightly acidic proteins (B1c, C2) and a distinct acidic member (C3). Two
      dimensional analysis of tryptic fragments and one-dimensional separation of
      peptides after V8 protease treatment support these data. Peptide mapping of the
      proteins A1 and A2 from bovine and human cells yields identical fragments
      indicating a high degree of cross-species conservation. An additional protein
      (D4: 44 X 10(3)/55 X 10(3), greater than 9.5) was found, which preferentially
      associates with heavier, oligomeric hnRNP structures. Only traces of actin are
      present in the 35S hnRNP fraction. All core proteins are modified by charge. A
      large part of the charge isomers arises by phosphorylation, which has been shown
      by labeling with 32PO4 in vivo and with [gamma-32P]ATP in vitro. In vitro the
      phosphate transfer is mediated by an endogenous protein kinase associated with
      the 35S hnRNP complexes. The major core protein A1 exists in two conformeric
      forms (A1 and A1x) of which only A1x serves as phosphate acceptor in vivo.

PMID- 3881258
TI  - Immunochemical measurement of histone H3 in non-nucleosomal compartments of
      cultured mammalian cells.
AB  - We measured histone H3 in the non-nucleosomal compartment of cultured mammalian
      cells by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay of cytosolic proteins
      using affinity-purified rabbit anti-H3 IgG, and peroxidase-linked second
      antibodies. The cytosolic H3 level was estimated to be 0.5-1.0% of the
      nucleosomal H3 content in MH-134SC cells (mean generation time 11 h) and 3-4% in
      HeLa cells (mean generation time 22 h). It showed characteristic changes under
      the inhibitions of DNA and/or protein synthesis and during the cell cycle of HeLa
      cells. These indicate an inverse relationship between the cytosolic H3 level and
      the replicating activity of nuclear DNA. The possible implication of the non
      nucleosomal histones in the regulation of histone gene expression is discussed.

PMID- 3881259
TI  - Stimulation of peptidyltransferase reactions by a soluble protein.
AB  - The requirements for peptide-bond synthesis and transesterification reactions of
      Escherichia coli 70S ribosomes, 50S native or reconstructed 50S subunits were
      examined using fMet-tRNA as donor substrate and puromycin or alpha
      hydroxypuromycin as acceptors. We report that the soluble protein EF-P, purified
      to apparent homogeneity, stimulates the synthesis of N-formylmethionylpuromycin
      or N-formylmethionylhydroxypuromycin by 70S ribosomes or reassociated 30S and 50S
      subunits. In the presence of EF-P, 70S ribosomes are significantly more efficient
      than 50S particles in catalysing either peptide-bond synthesis or
      transesterification. The involvement of 50S subunit proteins in EF-P-stimulated
      peptide-bond formation and transesterification was studied. 50S subunits were
      dissociated by 2.0 M LiCl into core particles and 'split' proteins, several of
      which were purified to homogeneity. When added to 30S X A-U-G X f[35S]Met-tRNA,
      50S cores or 50S cores reconstituted with L6 or L11 promoted peptide-bond
      synthesis or transesterification poorly. EF-P stimulated peptide-bond synthesis
      by both these types of core particles to approximately the same extent. On the
      other hand, EF-P stimulated a low level of transesterification by cores
      reconstituted with L6 and L11. In contrast, core particles reconstituted with L16
      exhibited both peptide-bond-forming and transesterification activities and EF-P
      stimulated both reactions twentyfold and fortyfold respectively. Thus different
      proteins differentially stimulate the intrinsic or EF-P-stimulated peptide-bond
      and transesterification reactions of the peptidyl transferase. Ethoxyformylation
      of either 50S subunits or purified L16 used to reconstitute core particles,
      resulted in loss of peptide-bond formation and transesterification. Similarly
      ethoxyformylation of EF-P resulted in a 25-50% loss of its ability to stimulate
      both reactions. 30S subunits were resistant to treatment by this reagent. These
      results suggest the involvement of histidine residues in peptidyltransferase
      activities. The role of EF-P in the catalytic mechanism of peptidyltransferase is
      discussed.

PMID- 3881260
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of yeast gene CP A1 encoding the small subunit of arginine
      pathway carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase. Homology of the deduced amino acid
      sequence to other glutamine amidotransferases.
AB  - A yeast DNA fragment carrying the gene CP A1 encoding the small subunit of the
      arginine pathway carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase has been sequenced. Only one
      continuous coding sequence on this fragment was long enough to account for the
      presumed molecular mass of CP A1 protein product. It codes for a polypeptide of
      411 amino acids having a relative molecular mass, Mr, of 45 358 and showing
      extensive homology with the product of carA, the homologous Escherichia coli
      gene. CP A1 and carA products are glutamine amidotransferases which bind
      glutamine and transfer its amide group to the large subunits where it is used for
      the synthesis of carbamoyl-phosphate. A comparison of the amino acid sequences of
      CP A1 polypeptide with the glutamine amidotransferase domains of anthranilate and
      p-amino-benzoate synthetases from various sources has revealed the presence in
      each of these sequences of three highly conserved regions of 8, 11 and 6 amino
      acids respectively. The 11-residue oligopeptide contains a cysteine which is
      considered as the active-site residue involved in the binding of glutamine. The
      distances (number of amino acid residues) which separate these homology regions
      are accurately conserved in these various enzymes. These observations provide
      support for the hypothesis that these synthetases have arisen by the combination
      of a common ancestral glutamine amidotransferase subunit with distinct ammonia
      dependent synthetases. Little homology was detected with the amide transfer
      domain of glutamine phosphoribosyldiphosphate amidotransferase which may be the
      result of a convergent evolutionary process. The flanking regions of gene CP A1
      have been sequenced, 803 base pairs being determined on the 5' side and 382 on
      the 3' side. Several features of the 5'-upstream region of CP A1 potentially
      related to the control of its expression have been noticed including the presence
      of two copies of the consensus sequence d(T-G-A-C-T-C) previously identified in
      several genes subject to the general control of amino acid biosynthesis.

PMID- 3881261
TI  - Purification and characterization of two aminopeptidases from guinea-pig small
      intestinal mucosa. Cavian intestinal tripeptide hydrolases.
AB  - Two electrophoretically distinct cytosolic peptide hydrolases from guinea-pig
      small-intestinal mucosa have been highly purified by a six-step procedure
      comprising extraction from mucosal homogenate, ammonium sulphate fractionation,
      DEAE-cellulose chromatography, chromatofocusing, calcium phosphate chromatography
      and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. They have similar apparent molecular masses as
      determined by gel filtration (Mr = 68 000) or by sodium dodecyl sulphate gel
      electrophoresis (Mr = 72 000). Both are aminopeptidases with optimum activity at
      pH 7.6. They are strongly inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, o-phenanthroline
      and bestatin. Although both hydrolyse some dipeptides they have a distinctive
      kinetic preference for tripeptides composed of aromatic or non-polar residues.
      Their affinities for some tripeptides are particularly high and also the
      hydrolysis of some substrates exhibits biphasic kinetics. These two
      aminotripeptidases are similar but they can be differentiated from each other and
      from a number of other aminopeptidases.

PMID- 3881262
TI  - Effect of large doses of methylprednisolone on supratentorial intracranial
      tumors. A clinical and CAT scan evaluation.
AB  - We studied the action of high doses (500 mg/daily for 7 days) of
      methylprednisolone sodium succinate in 12 patients with supratentorial
      intracranial tumors. 10 tumors were malignant (5 gliomas and 5 metastases), and 2
      benign (meningiomas). Clinical improvement ranged from moderate to marked after
      24-48 h of therapy. In the 5 metastases, mean reduction of peritumoral edema was
      27%, and in apparent tumor volume was 18%; in the gliomas, corresponding
      reductions were 31 and 15%. 1 of the meningioma cases showed a decrease in edema
      volume of 21%. These results indicate that methylprednisolone, at least for a
      short period of time, produces a definite decrease in apparent tumor size, in
      addition to the reduction of peritumoral edema.

PMID- 3881263
TI  - Preventive treatment of cerebral transient ischemia: comparative randomized trial
      of pentoxifylline versus conventional antiaggregants.
AB  - A comparative study of the prevention of recurrences of cerebral transient
      ischemic attacks during a 6-month observation period was conducted in 73 patients
      treated with a combination of acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole (ASAD, 1,050
      mg + 150 mg/day) and in 65 patients treated with pentoxifylline (PTX 1,200
      mg/day, Trental 400 t.d.s.). The patients were randomly assigned to the
      treatments. Risk factor analysis showed high prevalence of arterial hypertension,
      hyperlipidemia and smoking in these patients. The two groups were matched in
      terms of age, sex, blood pressure and site of TIA origin (carotid 63% in the
      ASAD, 65% in the PTX group). 23 ASAD patients and 9 PTX patients suffered a
      recurrence. There were 4 nonfatal stroke events with ASAD and 2 with PTX. 80
      recurrent TIAs were recorded in 19 ASAD patients compared with 19 such episodes
      in 9 PTX subjects. The morbidity rates (life table analysis) were significantly
      lower (p less than 0.05) in the PTX group. The results of the study point to a
      preventive effect of PTX in terms of the reduction in TIA recurrences.

PMID- 3881264
TI  - The intracellular distribution and function of the high mobility group
      chromosomal proteins.
AB  - This brief review provides a framework for discussing current approaches being
      used to determine the cellular localization and function of the high mobility
      group chromosomal (HMG) proteins. The four main constituents of this group (HMG
      1, 2, 14, 17) are present in all four eukaryotic kingdoms, have a relatively well
      conserved primary sequence and contain several functional domains which enable
      them to interact with DNA, histones and other components of the genome. The
      evolutionary conservation in the primary and tertiary structure as well as the
      observed correlations between cell phenotype and quantitative changes in protein
      levels and in post-synthesis modifications suggests that these proteins are
      components obligatory for proper cellular function. Proteins HMG 1, 2 are DNA
      binding proteins which can distinguish between various types of single-stranded
      regions of the genome. Proteins HMG 14, 17 may be involved in maintaining
      specific chromatin regions in particular conformations. The data available
      presently suggests that these proteins are important structural elements of
      chromatin and chromosomes.

PMID- 3881265
TI  - Transmembrane redox in control of cell growth. Stimulation of HeLa cell growth by
      ferricyanide and insulin.
AB  - The impermeable electron acceptor ferricyanide stimulates the growth of HeLa
      cells in the absence of serum and increases cell replication with limiting
      amounts of serum (0.75%). Maximum growth stimulation occurs at low ferricyanide
      concentration from 0.01 to 0.1 mM. Higher ferricyanide concentrations inhibit
      growth on serum. Addition of insulin enhances the stimulating effect of
      ferricyanide. Increase in the transplasmalemma electron transport activity in the
      presence of insulin is also observed by measuring the rate of ferricyanide
      reduction by cells. There is a close correlation between insulin stimulation of
      ferricyanide reduction and insulin induction of cell proliferation and
      attachment. In addition to ferricyanide, the growth response is observed with
      other impermeable oxidants, such as indigotetrasulfonate and hexaamine ruthenium
      III, which are reduced by the transplasma membrane electron transport system.
      Inactive oxidants such as cytochrome c do not stimulate cell growth. Ferrocyanide
      does not stimulate growth. We propose that electron flow through the transplasma
      membrane electron transport system stimulates growth and that insulin acts to
      increase that flow.

PMID- 3881266
TI  - Schistosoma japonicum: the pathology of experimental infection.
AB  - The pathology of experimental schistosomiasis japonica is reviewed and compared
      with the pathology of schistosomiasis japonica in man and to some aspects of
      schistosomiasis mansoni and schistosomiasis haematobia in experimental animals.
      The induction of granulomas around Schistosoma japonicum eggs depends upon cell
      mediated immunity, as do the reactions to Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma
      haematobium eggs. However, the modulation of the reaction to S. japonicum eggs
      can be greatly influenced by antibody, while antibody has no effect on the
      granulomas around S. mansoni eggs. Adult worm pairs of S. japonicum tend to
      cluster in the mesenteric venules, and most eggs are laid in a few sites. This
      leads to large, focal intestinal lesions similar to the discrete lesions produced
      by S. haematobium in the intestine and urinary tract but in contrast to the
      widespread, diffuse lesions produced by S. mansoni. Comparison with S. japonicum
      infection in humans is limited chiefly by our scant knowledge of the pathology
      produced by S. japonicum in infected persons. Most such comparisons are, in any
      case, limited by the marked differences in the reactions of various experimental
      host species to the infection and by differences in the reaction of a given host
      species to different strains of the parasite.

PMID- 3881267
TI  - Plasmodium berghei: ectopic antibody synthesis in splenectomized rodents.
AB  - Jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) were able to maintain acquired antimalaria immunity
      independent of the spleen approximately 4 months after initial infection. The
      memory cells appeared to become peripheralized, and persist outside the spleen
      for +/- 10 months if no further antigenic stimulus is applied. With regular
      stimulation, immunity was maintained indefinitely. In immune splenectomized
      jirds, the secondary, splenic germinal center function appeared to be taken over
      by cellular infiltrates in the liver that are organized as "pseudofollicles."
      They were comprised of macrophages that contained very finely divided malaria
      pigment and functional B and T cells. These pseudofollicles were located at the
      vascular triangles of the hepatic lobules. Strings of plasma cells appeared to be
      differentiated at the edges of the pseudofollicles. Like the splenic germinal
      centers, the pseudofollicles appeared largest about 10 days after challenge and
      became completely resorbed after 3 weeks. Similar structures were observed in
      asplenic aged rats, whether the spleen was removed before or after initial
      infection. However, rats splenectomized prior to infection developed low-grade
      chronic parasitemias; rats splenectomized later remained solidly immune,
      confirming the view that the pseudofollicles replace only the secondary, humoral
      response of the splenic germinal centers. It is not known at which site the
      memory for sterilization locates after peripheralization. The liver also appears
      to assume the splenic function of storage, and possibly detoxification, of clumps
      of indigestible malaria pigment. The pigment is located in clusters of
      macrophages dispersed throughout the parenchyma.

PMID- 3881268
TI  - Trypanosoma cruzi: surface charge and freeze-fracture of amastigotes.
AB  - Amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, within vertebrate cells or isolated from the
      supernatant of vertebrate cell cultures (L-A9 fibroblast or J774G8 macrophage
      like cell lines), possess glycoproteins or glycolipids on the cell surface
      according to the periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate technique used
      in association with electron microscopy. The cell surface of isolated amastigotes
      is negatively charged, as evaluated by the binding of cationic particles
      (colloidal iron hydroxyde at pH 1.8 and cationized ferritin at pH 7.2) as well as
      by direct measurement of cellular electrophoretic mobility. Amastigotes (Y
      strain) isolated from the spleen of infected mice and amastigotes (Y and CL
      strains) from the supernatant of cell cultures previously infected with T. cruzi
      have the same mean electrophoretic mobility (-0.85 micron sec-1 V-1 cm). It is
      intermediate between the epimastigote and the trypomastigote forms (determined
      previously). Sialic acid is the important component responsible for the negative
      surface charge, as determined by the use of neuraminidase. Thus, it is possible
      to use the mean electrophoretic mobility as an indicator for identifying
      amastigotes of T. cruzi.

PMID- 3881269
TI  - Toxoplasma gondii: redistribution of monoclonal antibodies on tachyzoites during
      host cell invasion.
AB  - Immunodetection of protein P30, a major surface antigen of Toxoplasma gondii
      tachyzoites, by a specific monoclonal antibody has demonstrated a homogenous
      distribution of this antigen on the surface of intra- and extracellular
      tachyzoites at all stages of their endodyogenic development. On living zoites, no
      redistribution of anti-P30 was obtained, contrasting with the capping obtained
      with antiserum to T. gondii. Upon invasion of a host cell, however, most of the
      coat of anti-P30 was shed from preincubated zoites at the level of the moving
      junction governing the entry of the parasite into the host cell.

PMID- 3881270
TI  - Bovine pituitary intraglandular colloid fraction F5 localized in the rat
      endocrine pancreas.
AB  - Bovine pituitary intraglandular colloid thought to be a waste product, is the
      holocrine secretion of intermediate lobe cells. It is housed in the
      intraglandular lumen (residual lumen) and is extruded into the venous circulation
      of the cavernous sinuses via clefts in the capsule of the gland aligned with the
      intraglandular lumen. Intraglandular colloid, fraction F5 (mol.wt 34,000),
      radiolabeled with (125I)Na and injected (0.15 ml) into the right internal jugular
      vein of male Wistar rats, accumulated in the endocrine pancreas. Autoradiographs
      showed that the material had specifically localized in the capillary network of
      the endocrine pancreas. Since the intermediate lobe is poorly vascularized,
      intraglandular colloid is considered to be the transport medium for intermediate
      lobe materials.

PMID- 3881271
TI  - Effects of the virulence plasmid ColV, I-K94 on the sensitivity of Escherichia
      coli to putative environmental inhibitory agents.
AB  - Derivatives of Escherichia coli carrying the virulence plasmid, ColV, I-K94 were
      more resistant than the ColV- parents to phage Mel but were more sensitive to the
      hydrophobic inhibitors deoxycholate, erythromycin and lysozyme. The basis for
      these changes in sensitivity has been examined in ColV+ mutants with altered
      colicin or VmpA protein levels and in ColV+ strains with repressed transfer
      properties.

PMID- 3881272
TI  - Hydrolysis of N-phenylacetyl-a-methyl-alpha-amino acids by
      benzylpenicillinacylase.
AB  - Enzymatic hydrolysis of several racemic N-phenylacetyl-alpha-methyl-alpha-amino
      acids containing an additional aliphatic, aromatic or polar substitutent on the
      chiral carbon atom, has been studied by using benzylpenicillinacylase from
      Escherichia coli A.T.C.C.9637. Both the rate of hydrolysis and the
      stereoselectivity were found to be considerably lower than in the case of natural
      alpha-amino acids. Steric and electronic factors in the side chains influencing
      the stereoselectivity are discussed. Key words. Benzylpenicillinacylase;
      enzymatic hydrolysis; alpha-methyl-alpha-amino acids.

PMID- 3881273
TI  - The effect of cyproheptadine on insulin biosynthesis.
AB  - The effect of a potent antiserotonin-antihistaminic compound, cyproheptadine
      (CPH) on insulin biosynthesis was studied in pancreatic islets isolated from CPH
      treated rats. Though insulin content of islets was markedly reduced in CPH
      treated rats, the incorporation of radiolabeled leucine into proinsulin and
      insulin fractions was not affected with respect to the rate and amount. It is
      concluded that CPH may deplete insulin content of the islets through causing the
      leakage of insulin.

PMID- 3881274
TI  - Glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide immunoreactivities co-exist in a population
      of rat islet cells.
AB  - In mammalian pancreas, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide have been shown to be
      present in distinct cell types. The present communication reports that, in rat
      pancreas, in addition to glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide cell populations,
      there is a small population of cells which contain both glucagon and pancreatic
      polypeptide immunoreactivities.

PMID- 3881276
TI  - A novel RNA digesting activity from commercial polynucleotide phosphorylase.
AB  - RNase A4 is a new RNase activity found as a contaminant in commercial
      polynucleotide phosphorylase. This enzyme has the ability of hydrolyzing the
      phosphodiester bond between pyrimidine-A in both loop and paired regions of RNA.

PMID- 3881275
TI  - Animal models in atherosclerosis research.

PMID- 3881277
TI  - Nucleotide sequences of cDNAs encoding precursors of human insulin-like growth
      factor II (IGF-II) and an IGF-II variant.
AB  - We have isolated 3 cDNA clones encoding human IGF-II and a variant of IGF-II. The
      amino acid sequence encoded by the IGF-II cDNA is identical to the sequence
      previously described [(1978) FEBS Lett. 89, 283-286]. In the amino acid sequence
      predicted by the IGF-II variant cDNA, the Ser residue 29 in the B-domain has been
      replaced by an Arg-Leu-Pro-Gly sequence. The corresponding mRNAs probably arise
      by alternative splicing of a common RNA precursor. The IGF coding region of the
      cDNA inserts is flanked by sequences encoding a signal peptide and a carboxy
      terminal peptide indicating that both human IGF-II and its variant are
      synthesized as precursors.

PMID- 3881278
TI  - An antisuppressor mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in isopentenylated
      tRNA has reduced delta 2-isopentenylpyrophosphate: tRNA-delta 2-isopentenyl
      transferase activity.
AB  - We have previously reported the isolation and initial characterization of a
      mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, designated mod5-1, that reduces the
      capacity of altered tyrosine tRNAs to suppress ochre nonsense mutations. The
      mutation results in the virtual elimination of the modified tRNA nucleoside, N6
      delta 2-(isopentenyl) adenosine, normally found adjacent to the anticodons of
      certain tRNA species. We demonstrate here that MOD5 codes for delta 2
      isopentenylpyrophosphate: tRNA-delta 2-isopentenyl transferase, or a protein that
      regulates its synthesis.

PMID- 3881279
TI  - 2-5A-dependent endoribonuclease activity and effects of A2'p5'A2'p5'A (2-5A core)
      in mouse pancreatic islets.
AB  - Glucose-stimulated (pro)insulin biosynthesis is markedly inhibited is mouse
      pancreatic islets incubated with micromolar concentrations of 2-5A 'core',
      (A2'p5'A2'p5'A). Total protein synthesis was also reduced, but to a lesser
      extent, while insulin release and total insulin content of the islets was
      untouched by 2-5A 'core'. Evidence is given for the presence of a 2-5A-dependent
      endoribonuclease which mediates these effects.

PMID- 3881280
TI  - A novel immunoassay with direct relevance to protection against organophosphate
      poisoning.
AB  - Antiparaoxon immune sera were employed in a new immunoassay based on competition
      between acetylcholinesterase and antibodies for the binding of paraoxon. Unlike
      radioimmunoassay, the new assay described herein can be extended to predict the
      feasibility of antibodies to confer in vivo protection of acetylcholinesterase
      against organophosphate poisoning. The toxicity of paraoxon was reduced in mice
      which were preinjected with the immune sera.

PMID- 3881281
TI  - On the phosphorylation of low molecular mass HMG (high mobility group) proteins
      in Ehrlich ascites cells.
AB  - This paper shows that the low molecular mass HMG proteins 14 and 17 do not seem
      to be phosphorylated in Ehrlich ascites cells whereas two other small HMG
      proteins designated HMG I and Y are. Amino acid analysis and peptide mapping of
      all four proteins demonstrated that HMG I and Y were not phosphorylated
      modifications of HMG 14 or 17.

PMID- 3881282
TI  - The medal: William Beaumont.

PMID- 3881283
TI  - Metabolic mechanisms of drug-nutrient interactions.
AB  - Metabolic mechanisms of nutrition and drug interactions include 1) the effects of
      diet on drug metabolism and action and 2) the effects of drugs on nutritional
      processes. The type, amount, and timing of foods consumed influence drug
      dissolution, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. High-fat meals
      enhance the absorption of griseofulvin and some other drugs. Milk and other
      sources of calcium inhibit absorption of tetracycline. High-fat meals increase
      plasma concentrations of free fatty acids and thereby displace many drugs from
      binding sites on plasma albumin. High-protein diets increase the activity of the
      mixed-function oxidase system and enhance the metabolism of numerous drugs. High
      electrolyte intakes increase excretion of lithium and also diminish the action of
      diuretic agents. Bile acid sequestrants and some laxatives decrease lipid
      digestion and absorption, as well as absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins.
      Numerous drugs, including tetracycline and cholestyramine, bind iron and decrease
      its absorption. Coumarins inhibit the function of vitamin K. Phenobarbital and
      other anticonvulsants are inducers of cytochrome P-450 and the mixed-function
      oxidase system. Long-term treatment with these inducers can cause excessive
      metabolism and deficiency of vitamin D. Prooxidant drugs such as chloroquine,
      drugs detoxified by conjugation with glutathione, and alcohol can deplete reduced
      glutathione with consequent effects on amino acid transport and the redox status
      of cells. Acid-forming foods acidify the urine and increase the loss of alkaline
      drugs such as the amphetamines. Base-forming drugs increase the loss of acidic
      drugs such as barbiturates. The range of metabolic interactions of drugs and
      nutrients includes the full scope of physiological processes to which drugs and
      nutrients are subject.

PMID- 3881284
TI  - Nutrient regulation of chemical metabolism in humans.
AB  - Dietary protein, carbohydrate, cruciferous vegetables, and charcoal-broiled beef
      can markedly alter the patterns of chemical biotransformations in normal
      subjects. The specific nutritional factors capable of altering the metabolism of
      drugs and the range of chemicals, including hormones, whose metabolism can be
      altered by diet in humans merit further study because they have the potential to
      influence the biological impact of these substances in humans.

PMID- 3881285
TI  - Metabolic effects of alcohol.
AB  - The metabolic effects of ethanol are due to a direct action of ethanol or its
      metabolites, changes in the redox state occurring during its metabolism, and
      modifications of the effects of ethanol by nutritional factors. Ethanol causes
      hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia depending on whether glycogen stores are adequate,
      inhibits protein synthesis, and results in fatty liver and in elevations in serum
      triglyceride levels. Increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol after
      ethanol ingestion may explain the lower risk of myocardial infarction and death
      from coronary disease after moderate drinking. Increases in serum lactate,
      resulting from the increased NADH/NAD+ ratio, and hyperuricemia, most likely the
      result of increased turnover of adenine nucleotides, are common transient effects
      of ethanol ingestion. Causes of vitamin deficiencies in alcoholism are decreased
      dietary intake, decreased intestinal absorption, and alterations in vitamin
      metabolism. Ethanol decreases thiamine absorption and decreases the enterohepatic
      circulation of folate. Acetaldehyde increases the degradation of pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate by displacing it from its binding protein and making it susceptible to
      hydrolysis by membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase. Ethanol decreases hepatic
      vitamin A concentration and its conversion to active retinal, and modifies renal
      metabolism of vitamin D.

PMID- 3881286
TI  - Metabolites of arachidonic acid in experimental lung vascular injury.
AB  - Several metabolites of arachidonic acid have potent effects on lung vascular and
      airway function. Some of these substances are released from the lungs when the
      lungs are diffusely injured. For example, after infusion of Escherichia coli
      endotoxin into unanesthetized sheep, high concentrations of both cyclooxygenase
      and lipoxygenase products appear in lung lymph. These products appear in
      sequential waves: thromboxane B2 peaks early, coincident with peak pulmonary
      artery pressure and maximum changes in lung mechanics; a prostacyclin metabolite
      peaks slightly later as pulmonary artery pressure begins to fall; both 5- and 12
      lipoxygenation products peak even later, as lung vascular permeability begins to
      increase. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors attenuate the early changes in lung mechanics
      and pulmonary artery pressure caused by endotoxemia in sheep but do not prevent
      the later increase in lung vascular permeability. High doses of corticosteroids
      attenuate both the late phase increase in lung lymph lipoxygenation products and
      the increase in vascular permeability. These unequivocal associations between
      lung injury and endogenous generation of biologically active arachidonate
      metabolites suggest but do not prove that these substances mediate the
      pathophysiology.

PMID- 3881287
TI  - William Beaumont and the transfer of biomedical information.

PMID- 3881288
TI  - Hypophyseotropic regulation of adenohypophyseal adrenocorticotropin secretion.
AB  - Regulation of anterior pituitary secretion of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) is a
      complex process subserved by multiple hypophyseotropic factors. The nature of
      participation (dynamic or permissive) and relative significance of each factor in
      mediation of stimulus-induced ACTH secretory events have not been elucidated.
      Attempts were made to directly define the contributions of corticotropin
      releasing factor (CRF), arginine vasopressin, oxytocin, and epinephrine to ACTH
      secretion elicited by hemodynamic and hypoglycemic stimuli in anesthetized rats.
      The observations support the following hypotheses: 1) CRF represents the
      predominant regulatory factor in mediation of the stimulus-induced ACTH-secretory
      responses studied, 2) hypophyseotropic coding of ACTH secretion is stimulus
      dependent and involves factors in addition to CRF, and 3) CRF participates in
      mediation of ACTH secretion in either a dynamic or a permissive fashion depending
      on the nature of the secretory stimulus. Finally, the potential for central
      interactions among these regulatory factors is significant and underscores the
      complexity of this regulatory system at all levels of organization.

PMID- 3881289
TI  - Monokines and the metabolic pathophysiology of septic shock.
AB  - The role of the macrophage system in shock pathogenesis now embraces both classic
      endocytic functions as well as the more recently discovered function of the
      macrophages as a multifaceted secretory apparatus. Among the major macrophage
      secretory products are the monokines, regulatory proteins that mediate via both
      local or paracrine and systemic or endocrine mechanisms, the nonspecific host
      defense and metabolic responses to inflammation and sepsis. Evidence is reviewed
      for a monokine involvement in the alterations of protein, fat, and carbohydrate
      metabolism in sepsis and/or endotoxicosis, viz., enhanced muscle proteolysis,
      enhanced hepatic acute phase protein synthesis, depressed lipogenesis and
      lipoprotein lipase function, enhanced peripheral glucose oxidation, and
      depression of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Monokines are also related to the
      disturbed endocrine mechanisms of sepsis, viz., enhanced insulin secretion and
      depressed adrenal steroidogenesis. It is suggested that the macrophage system
      mediates via secretion of monokines an integrated fuel substrate and hormonal
      adjustment to sepsis, which on the one hand may provide optimal metabolic
      homeostasis for systemic host defense, but on the other hand, if allowed to act
      unchecked, may contribute to the metabolic dyshomeostasis of septic shock.

PMID- 3881290
TI  - Protein metabolism during endurance exercise.
AB  - After reviewing all the available results from our laboratory and numerous
      reports in the literature concerning changes that have occurred in various
      aspects of protein metabolism during exercise, a number of conclusions can be
      drawn with some degree of confidence. During exercise, protein synthesis is
      depressed and this change leaves amino acids available for catabolic processes.
      The rate of leucine oxidation appears to be increased during exercise, and there
      is a movement of amino acids, mostly in the form of alanine, from muscle to liver
      where the rate of gluconeogenesis is increased as a result of exercise. These
      changes in protein metabolism are probably physiologically significant in at
      least three ways: amino acid conversion to citric acid cycle intermediates
      enhances the rate of oxidation of acetyl-CoA generated from glucose and fatty
      acid oxidation; increased conversion of amino acids to glucose helps to prevent
      hypoglycemia; oxidation of some amino acids may provide energy for muscular
      contraction.

PMID- 3881291
TI  - Metabolism of substrates: diet, lipoprotein metabolism, and exercise.
AB  - The major classes of serum lipoproteins have been shown to be differentially
      affected not only by dietary factors but also by levels of physical activity.
      Individuals engaging in relatively higher amounts of physical activity tend to
      have lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very-low
      density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and higher levels of high-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) than their sedentary counterparts. However,
      higher levels of physical activity are also associated with lower adiposity and
      elevated caloric intake, two factors that themselves have independent roles in
      the regulation of lipoprotein levels. Changes in adiposity appear to be
      responsible for some, but not all, of the lipoprotein change associated with
      exercise. A study in which 14 sedentary, middle-aged men engaged in a progressive
      running program over 2 years showed increased HDL-C and decreased LDL-C, both
      considered antiatherogenic. Adiposity, expressed as percent body fat, decreased
      during the study whereas caloric intake, notably in the form of carbohydrates,
      increased. Elevated physical activity levels alter the relationships among
      adiposity, dietary intake, and lipoproteins that prevail in the sedentary state.

PMID- 3881292
TI  - Proteoglycans in pathological conditions: atherosclerosis.
AB  - Proteoglycans accumulate within the innermost layer (intima) of blood vessels
      during atherosclerosis. This accumulation is marked in some forms of human
      atherosclerosis and is particularly prominent in vessels that have been
      experimentally injured and have healed by the process of reendothelialization.
      The two major cell types of the arterial wall, endothelium and smooth muscle, are
      the major sources of arterial proteoglycans, and cell cultures have demonstrated
      that these cells synthesize at least three families of proteoglycans similar to
      those present in human aorta. Each family differs with regard to molecular size,
      glycosaminoglycan and oligosaccharide content, and ability to aggregate in the
      presence of hyaluronic acid. Furthermore, each cell type possesses a distinct
      pattern of proteoglycan synthesis. Smooth muscle cells synthesize and secrete
      primarily chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate-containing proteoglycans,
      whereas endothelial cells synthesize and secrete large amounts of heparan sulfate
      proteoglycan. Evidence is presented to indicate that the synthesis of
      proteoglycans is modulated as a function of growth and migratory state of the
      vascular cells.

PMID- 3881293
TI  - Ultrasound in the evaluation of normal and induced ovulation.
AB  - In the past several years sonography has become an invaluable research tool for
      the investigation of spontaneous and induced ovulation and has added to the
      understanding of folliculogenesis and reproductive endocrinology. In practical
      terms, in ovulation induction sonography assists in the evaluation of the number
      and distribution of follicles, necessary for adequate interpretation of estrogen
      levels. Although there is no ideal size when it can be assumed that a follicle is
      mature, estimation of follicle size is of value and is a good guide to the timing
      of hCG administration. If the follicles are extremely small or there is evidence
      of hyperstimulation, these observations, together with the E2 levels, may be used
      to decide whether a further ultrasonic examination is warranted for the
      assessment of follicular growth or whether the treatment cycle should be
      abandoned. Provided follicular size is within normal limits, the diameter of the
      largest follicle may also be used in IVF programs to determine when the patient
      should be admitted to the hospital for more intensive monitoring of follicular
      development and the administration of hCG. Ultrasound is also valuable in
      patients with only one ovary accessible to laparoscopy. Even if the largest
      follicle is in the inaccessible ovary, the treatment cycle does not have to be
      abandoned, provided that several follicles are developing in the contralateral
      ovary. If neither ovary is accessible laparoscopically, percutaneous oocyte
      aspiration offers the patient the opportunity of IVF and embryo transfer.

PMID- 3881294
TI  - A comparison of high-dose estrogens versus low-dose ethinylestradiol and
      norgestrel combination in postcoital interception: a study in 493 women.
AB  - Ethinylestradiol (EE), at a dosage of 5 mg/day for 5 consecutive days (5 mg EE),
      has generally been used for interception. A combination of 200 micrograms EE and
      2 mg dl-norgestrel (EE + NG) was proposed as an effective alternative. Efficacy
      and tolerance of these methods were compared in a randomized, double-blind study.
      A group of 465 women was studied with a follow-up rate of 94.3%. In the 5 mg EE
      group a pregnancy rate of 0.9% was observed, and in the EE + NG group a rate of
      0.4% was found. These rates differ significantly from the expected rates (P less
      than 0.0005, in both series). Nausea was noted in 59.1% of the 5 mg EE group and
      in 54.0% of the EE + NG series. Nausea and vomiting occurred in 20.8% and 15.8%,
      respectively. The efficacy of both methods as alternative morning-after
      medication was confirmed. The new method is preferable because treatment is
      limited to only 1 day.

PMID- 3881296
TI  - Analysis of antigen expression on human spermatozoa by means of monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Hybridoma cell lines were obtained by fusing NS-1 mouse myeloma cells with
      splenocytes from female mice immunized with whole washed human spermatozoa. Nine
      clonally derived cell lines were selected which secrete monoclonal antibodies
      against integral spermatozoan antigens. Immunofluorescence studies showed
      specific binding of the individual monoclonal antibodies to localized regions of
      the sperm cell: acrosomal cap, equatorial segment, and midpiece. Five of these
      antibodies also recognized antigenic determinants of isolated acrosin. The
      monoclonal antibodies provide probes for the immunochemical characterization of
      sperm antigens and for the elucidation of the role of these antigens in
      spermatozoan function.

PMID- 3881295
TI  - An evaluation of the TCu 380Ag and the Multiload Cu375.
AB  - The TCu 380Ag (Outokumpu Oy, Pori, Finland) and the Multiload Cu375 (Multilan,
      Organon, Oss, The Netherlands) were evaluated in 1477 women in a multicenter
      clinical trial. The intrauterine devices showed similar, low-event rates.
      Cumulative life-table pregnancy rates were less than 1.0, and continuation rates
      were approximately 90 per 100 women at 1 year after insertion. The risk of
      subsequent hospitalization or pelvic infection was low.

PMID- 3881298
TI  - Ultrasonography in patients with unexplained infertility.

PMID- 3881297
TI  - Simultaneous ectopic pregnancy with intrauterine twin gestations after in vitro
      fertilization and embryo transfer.
AB  - A simultaneous ectopic tubal pregnancy with viable intrauterine twin gestations
      after IVF-ET of five fertilized eggs is presented. Pelvic ultrasound and serial
      quantitative hCG levels were not helpful in the diagnosis of the tubal pregnancy.
      The risk of multiple pregnancies and of concomitant intrauterine and extrauterine
      gestations increases with transfer of a greater number of embryos. Karyotype of
      the tubal pregnancy was normal (46,XX).

PMID- 3881299
TI  - Ultrasound scanning of ovarian follicles.

PMID- 3881300
TI  - Aminoglutethimide--a new endocrine therapy in breast cancer. A cancer research
      review.
AB  - Aminoglutethimide is an effective treatment for advanced postmenopausal breast
      cancer, acting in a novel way. It inhibits peripheral and tumour aromatase, which
      converts androgens to oestrogens. Marked suppression of oestrone and oestradiol
      is produced. Aminoglutethimide was used as an inhibitor of adrenal steroid
      biosynthesis, but the concentrations required to inhibit aromatase in vitro are
      10 times lower. This has led to its clinical evaluation in much lower doses.
      Doses of 125 mg twice daily produce oestrogen suppression equivalent to
      conventional doses of 1 g daily, and also similar tumour responses. Toxicity is
      much reduced by the lower dose.

PMID- 3881302
TI  - Low plasma renin activity in diabetes. Relation to urine prostaglandin excretion.
AB  - Renal functional abnormalities, occurring before overt renal disease and possibly
      due to abnormal vascular control mechanisms, have been described in diabetes
      mellitus. We used intravenous (i.v.) furosemide, which stimulates renal
      prostaglandin (PG) synthesis and renin release, to compare these vasoactive
      systems in 14 diabetic and 23 normal control subjects. Using urine thromboxane B2
      (TXB2) as an index of renal synthesis of the vasoconstrictor prostanoid TXA2, and
      urine 6keto-PGF1 alpha for the vasodilator PGI2, we found evidence of increased
      renal TXA2 synthesis in diabetic subjects in response to furosemide. The
      increased TXA2 synthesis did not occur at the expense of PGI2 synthesis, as urine
      6keto-PGF1 alpha was not reduced. Increased TXB2 excretion in diabetic subjects
      was particularly marked in the first 10 min after i.v. furosemide. During this
      time, diabetic males excreted 31 +/- 6 ng of TXB2 compared with 10 +/- 1 ng for
      normal males (P less than 0.05), while diabetic females excreted 15 +/- 3 ng
      compared with 7 +/- 1 ng for normal females (P less than 0.05). Also, 6keto-PGF1
      alpha excretion at 10 min was increased in diabetic subjects: males, 29 +/- 3 ng
      versus 19 +/- 3 (P less than 0.05); females, 33 +/- 8 versus 16 +/- 3 (P less
      than 0.05). The ratio of TXB2 to 6keto-PGF1 alpha tended to be higher in diabetic
      males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3881301
TI  - Acanthosis nigricans in obese women with hyperandrogenism. Characterization of an
      insulin-resistant state distinct from the type A and B syndromes.
AB  - Acanthosis nigricans and hyperandrogenism are commonly found in patients with
      extreme target cell resistance to insulin, as in the type A and B syndromes of
      insulin resistance. However, the significance of concurrent acanthosis nigricans
      and hyperandrogenism in other clinical settings is not clear. We observed
      acanthosis nigricans to be present in 5% (15 of 300) of patients being evaluated
      for hyperandrogenism, and carried out studies of insulin binding and action in a
      group (7) of these women. Although none were diabetic, all were insulin resistant
      as assessed by hyperinsulinemia when fasting and after oral glucose
      administration. All patients were obese (mean IBW, 169%). However, when matched
      to hyperandrogenized women of similar body weight, patients with acanthosis
      nigricans were clearly more hyperinsulinemic. Insulin binding to monocytes and
      red cells was decreased in patients with acanthosis, and the extent of decrease
      was predicted by the fasting insulin level. There was also marked resistance to
      exogenous insulin during euglycemic insulin clamp studies in the two patients so
      tested. Anti-insulin receptor antibodies were not detectable, ruling out the type
      B syndrome. Unlike the type A syndrome, insulin binding to monocytes of these
      patients increased after acute (2/2) and chronic (1/1) caloric restriction. In
      the latter patient, acanthosis nigricans remitted as insulin resistance and the
      insulin binding defect improved. We conclude that acanthosis nigricans is present
      in as many as 5% of women with clinically significant hyperandrogenism. These
      women, although not diabetic, have fairly marked insulin resistance.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3881303
TI  - The effects of variations in percent of naturally occurring complex and simple
      carbohydrates on plasma glucose and insulin response in individuals with non
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - In the present study, 12 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
      (NIDDM) consumed eucaloric, mixed food diets on three consecutive days. Diets
      provided 50% of the calories as carbohydrate, 35% as fat, and 15% as protein. The
      percent of carbohydrate fed as complex (starches) and simple (mono- and
      disaccharides) varied among the 3 days. On day 1, the diet contained 80% of the
      carbohydrate as complex and 20% as simple (80/20); another contained 50% complex
      and 50% simple (50/50); and the final diet contained 20% of the carbohydrate as
      complex and 80% as simple (20/80). All simple carbohydrates represent naturally
      occurring sugars in fruits, vegetables, and dairy products. No refined sugars
      were added to any of the diets. The three experimental diets were randomly
      assigned using a 3 X 3 Latin square design. Blood was obtained hourly from 0800
      to 1700 h for day-long glucose and insulin concentrations, and 24-h urine
      collections were made for the measurement of urine glucose. Mean (+/- SEM) day
      long glucose concentrations were significantly greater for the 80/20 diet (2245
      +/- 199 mg/dl X h, P less than 0.05) than for either the 50/50 (2030 +/- 157
      mg/dl X h) or the 20/80 diets (2008 +/- 160 mg/dl X h). No significant
      differences were noted between the 50/50 and the 20/80 diets. In contrast, day
      long insulin concentrations were not significantly different with 401 +/- 62, 370
      +/- 50, and 369 +/- 60 mu U/ml X h on the 80/20, 50/50, and 20/80 diets,
      respectively. Twenty-four-hour urinary glucose excretion paralleled plasma
      glucose concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3881304
TI  - Effect of insulin antibodies on insulin pharmacokinetics and glucose utilization
      in insulin-dependent diabetic patients.
AB  - To determine the impact of insulin-binding antibodies on total (TIRI) and free
      insulin (FIRI) as well as on insulin sensitivity, 10 insulin-dependent diabetic
      patients (IDDM) with poststimulatory C-peptide less than 100 pmol/L and an
      insulin binding capacity (IBC) between less than 1 and 294 micrograms/L serum
      were studied during and after a 1-h nonprimed, constant-rate insulin infusion
      (study 1: 0.057 U/kg body wt, study 2: 0.286 U/kg body wt). Euglycemia was
      maintained by variable glucose infusion. Control studies were performed in 5
      healthy subjects. Basal TIRI (mU/L) was lowest in healthy subjects (16 +/- 1
      [SE]) and elevated in diabetic patients (IBC less than 25 micrograms/L: 72 +/-
      11, IBC greater than 25 micrograms/L: 1772 +/- 842), whereas serum concentrations
      of FIRI were considerably smaller but still two- to threefold greater (P less
      than 0.01) in the patients than in healthy subjects (13 +/- 1). After intravenous
      (i.v.) insulin administration, almost identical increments in serum TIRI were
      seen in healthy subjects and in diabetic patients with low IBC (less than 25
      micrograms/L), whereas those with high IBC (greater than 25 micrograms/L) had a
      heterogeneous response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3881305
TI  - Zinc supplementation attenuates insulin secretory activity in pancreatic islets
      of the ob/ob mouse.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to establish whether a relationship may exist
      between the hyperinsulinemia, the exaggerated insulin secretion, and the
      resistance to insulin characteristic of the obese-hyperglycemic syndrome and the
      zinc status of the ob/ob mouse. To this end, mice were given control and zinc
      supplemented diets, and the effects of zinc supplementation on insulin secretion
      in vivo and in vitro as well as on glucose tolerance were studied. These data
      were compared with those obtained with oxytetracycline treatment, which is known
      to ameliorate the insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance of these animals. The
      levels of zinc were measured in several tissues of lean and obese mice and the
      results show that zinc supplementation attenuated the exaggerated insulin
      secretion in vivo and in vitro without improving the tolerance to glucose. Zinc
      levels were significantly higher in the tissues of the obese than of the lean
      mice, with the exception of bone and pancreas. The results suggest a
      maldistribution of zinc in the tissues of the obese mouse.

PMID- 3881306
TI  - Stimulatory effect of insulin on aortic smooth muscle cell migration induced by
      12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid and its modulation by elevated
      extracellular glucose levels.
AB  - In investigations on the role of insulin on migration of rat aortic smooth muscle
      cells, migration of the cells was measured by a modified Boyden chamber technique
      with 12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) as a chemoattractant.
      Insulin itself was not a chemoattractant for these cells, and insulin added just
      before the migration assay did not affect cell migration in the presence or
      absence of 12-HETE. Cells pretreated with insulin in culture dishes for a long
      period, however, showed a significant increase in migration induced by 12-HET,
      and the increase depended on the insulin concentration: concentrations of insulin
      of greater than 50 microIU/ml caused about twofold increase in cell migration. On
      the other hand, long-term incubation with various concentrations of insulin (0.15
      1000 microIU/ml) did not affect nonspecific cell migration in the absence of 12
      HETE. The stimulatory effect of insulin on cell migration gradually increased
      with the duration of insulin treatment, reaching a plateau after 4 days. Thus,
      insulin stimulated 12-HETE-induced smooth muscle cell migration in a time- and
      dose-dependent manner. When the extracellular D-glucose concentration in the
      Boyden chamber was increased from 100 to 300 mg/dl, the stimulatory effect of
      insulin on 12-HETE-induced cell migration was augmented. This modulation by D
      glucose was not due to an increase in the osmotic pressure of the medium, since
      addition of mannitol to increase the osmotic pressure did not enhance the effect
      of insulin on cell migration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3881307
TI  - Alterations in gastric mucus secretion in rhesus monkeys after exposure to
      ionizing radiation.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of gamma-irradiation on
      soluble gastric mucus. Six conscious chair-adapted rhesus monkeys were studied
      once before and twice after exposure to ionizing irradiation (800 rads). Using a
      marker (99mTc-DTPA) dilution technique, acidic glycoprotein (AG), neutral
      glycoprotein (NG), ion, and fluid output were determined during a basal period
      and after the administration of an 80-ml water load. Irradiation significantly
      increased the outputs of both AG and NG during the basal period. After the water
      load, NG output remained elevated but irradiation abolished postload AG output
      thus inhibiting the normal rise in AG output stimulated by the load. Two days
      after irradiation NG output had returned to control levels whereas AG output was
      still suppressed. Sodium and potassium ion outputs were unaltered by irradiation.
      Chloride and fluid outputs were significantly inhibited on the day of irradiation
      but had returned to control levels within 3 days. These results indicate that
      irradiation produces significant changes in both the quantity and nature of the
      soluble mucus glycoproteins secreted into the gastric juice. It is suggested that
      these changes may compromise the protective ability of gastric mucus.

PMID- 3881308
TI  - Elevated plasma ammonia level in hepatic cirrhosis: role of glucagon.
AB  - Elevated plasma ammonia level in hepatic cirrhosis has been attributed to a lack
      of conversion of enteric ammonia into urea or to its entry into systemic
      circulation via portasystemic shunting, or to both. It is exaggerated by
      excessive protein intake. Because hyperglucagonemia is well documented in
      cirrhosis and a protein meal is an effective glucagon secretagogue, plasma
      glucose, insulin, glucagon, and ammonia levels were determined in 50 cirrhotic
      patients after an overnight fast. Effects of a protein meal were also assessed in
      20 of these patients. Plasma glucose was normal and remained unaltered after a
      protein meal. Insulin, glucagon, and ammonia levels were elevated, but only in
      patients with advanced liver dysfunction. Ammonia levels correlated significantly
      with glucagon (r = 0.61, p less than 0.001), but not with insulin or glucose
      levels. Insulin and glucagon levels rose after a protein meal in all patients and
      controls; whereas a significant rise in the ammonia level occurred only in
      decompensated cirrhotics. Elevation of the ammonia level was significantly
      correlated with fasting glucagon (r = 0.54, p less than 0.05), as well as with
      glucagon response (r = 0.65, p less than 0.01), but not with basal insulin or
      insulin response. Furthermore, the rise in ammonia level occurred too early to be
      accounted for by enteric generation. Finally, direct effects of glucagon
      administration on plasma glucose and serum ammonia were examined in 15 cirrhotic
      patients. Glucose response was significantly blunted in cirrhotic patients as
      compared with normal subjects, whereas serum ammonia rose promptly but only in
      cirrhotics, with maximum rise being noted in cirrhotic patients with advanced
      liver dysfunction. This study, therefore, suggests that hyperglucagonemia may
      contribute significantly to hyperammonemia in hepatic cirrhosis.

PMID- 3881310
TI  - Relapsing pancreatitis associated with duodenal wall cysts. Diagnostic approach
      and treatment.
AB  - A case of enterogenous cysts of the duodenum in a 44-yr-old man complicated by
      duodenal obstruction and relapsing pancreatitis is presented. The cystic duodenal
      lesions were visualized by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and for
      the first time by computed tomography and abdominal sonography. Thus, the
      diagnosis was made preoperatively. The cysts were excised successfully during a
      Whipple procedure. Awareness of this rare condition combined with modern x-ray,
      sonographic, and endoscopic techniques permit accurate preoperative diagnosis.

PMID- 3881309
TI  - Successful administration of metoclopramide for the treatment of nausea in
      patients with advanced liver disease. A double-blind controlled trial.
AB  - A double-blind comparison of metoclopramide versus placebo was performed on 8
      cirrhotic patients with nausea (8 cases) and heartburn (3 of the 8 cases) plus
      mild portal-systemic encephalopathy. As metoclopramide is a dopamine antagonist
      and dopamine-inadequate neurotransmission has been implicated in the pathogenesis
      of hepatic coma, this study was also designed to evaluate the effects of
      metoclopramide on mental state. The study included basal, placebo,
      metoclopramide, and final periods; each period lasted for 2 wk. Throughout the
      study patients received 3 g/day of neomycin and an 1800-cal diet containing 40
      g/day of mixed protein. During the placebo and metoclopramide phases patients
      received either two 10-mg metoclopramide capsules t.i.d. or identical placebo
      capsules. During the study, biweekly liver function tests and portal-systemic
      encephalopathy parameters were evaluated. A self-evaluation for the presence of
      nausea and heartburn was also obtained. To monitor the dopamine-blockade effect
      of metoclopramide, serum prolactin levels were measured. Metoclopramide
      significantly suppressed the subjective signs of nausea (7 of 8 cases) and
      heartburn (all cases). Serum prolactin levels were 22 +/- 21 ng/ml, 30 +/- 31
      ng/ml, 110 +/- 57 ng/ml (p less than 0.01), and 18.6 +/- 2 ng/ml during basal,
      placebo, metoclopramide, and final periods, respectively. In spite of these signs
      of dopamine blockade, no deterioration in mental state, asterixis,
      electroencephalograms, blood ammonia levels, or psychometric testings were
      observed. In addition, no extrapyramidal signs were noticeable during any period
      of the study. One patient presented transient somnolence at the end of the
      metoclopramide period. We conclude that dopamine blockade is not associated with
      the appearance of portal-systemic encephalopathy. Metoclopramide is a safe and
      effective treatment for nausea and heartburn in patients with advanced liver
      disease.

PMID- 3881311
TI  - George Streisinger (December 27, 1927-August 11, 1984).

PMID- 3881312
TI  - Genetic analysis of mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae resistant to the
      herbicide sulfometuron methyl.
AB  - Sulfometuron methyl (SM), a potent new sulfonylurea herbicide, inhibits growth of
      the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on minimal media. Sixty-six spontaneous
      mutants resistant to SM were isolated. All of the resistance mutations segregate
      2:2 in tetrads; 51 of the mutations are dominant, five are semidominant and ten
      are recessive. The mutations occur in three linkage groups, designated SMR1, smr2
      and smr3. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that the SMR1 mutations (47
      dominant and four semidominant) are alleles of ILV2 which encodes acetolactate
      synthase (ALS), the target of SM. First, SMR1 mutations result in the production
      of ALS enzyme activity with increased resistance to SM. Second, molecular cloning
      of the ILV2 gene permitted the isolation of mutations in the cloned gene which
      result in the production of SM-resistant ALS. Finally, SMR1 mutations map at the
      ILV2 locus. The smr2 mutations (four recessive, two dominant and one
      semidominant) map at the pdr 1 (pleiotropic drug resistance) locus and show cross
      resistance to other inhibitors, typical of mutations at this locus. The smr3
      mutations (six recessive and two dominant) define a new gene which maps
      approximately midway between ADE2 and HIS3 on the right arm of chromosome XV.

PMID- 3881313
TI  - Treatment of premenstrual symptoms.
AB  - The etiology of premenstrual syndrome is unknown. A wide variety of etiological
      explanations has been suggested, but controlled studies based on these theories
      have generally failed to provide confirmation. This article reviews the
      literature on treatment of premenstrual symptoms and provides some practical
      suggestions for clinical management.

PMID- 3881314
TI  - Library collection of the psychosocial publications in consultation-liaison
      psychiatry.
AB  - Psychiatric oncology is a relatively new area, and few comprehensive reviews of
      related subject matter are available. Thus, the psychiatrists at North Carolina
      Memorial Hospital who provide liaison to oncology saw the need for a collection
      of pertinent psychiatric oncology materials that could be studied by faculty,
      residents, and staff. Such materials would be valuable for patient consultation,
      lecture preparation, and research background. Their bibliography and library
      system are discussed here, with a description of the methods of its compilation.
      The unique features are referenced materials are filed in a centrally available
      location (departmental library), so that readers have immediate access to them,
      and bibliographic entries are stored in a small computer in the library, and can
      be retrieved by topic, title, author. The file currently holds over 340 articles,
      and is continuously updated. It has been extensively utilized by professionals in
      this tertiary care teaching hospital as well as in programs across the state.

PMID- 3881315
TI  - Aortic stenosis: Ddx and Tx of the elderly patient.
AB  - The harsh murmur of valvular aortic stenosis at the right base may persist in
      elderly patients, but with appreciably less intensity. Auscultation may instead
      disclose a predominant loud, pure-frequency musical systolic murmur at or near
      the cardiac apex. Asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis should be
      advised not to engage in any strenuous physical activity.

PMID- 3881316
TI  - Type II diabetes: pathogenesis data and their meaning. Part II.

PMID- 3881317
TI  - Managing chronic airflow obstruction: Part I.
AB  - The term "senile emphysema" has been largely abandoned. The lungs do, however,
      tend to lose their elastic recoil with age. The alveolar ducts enlarge, and the
      alveolar surface area decreases with age. Total lung capacity does not increase,
      but the residual volume and functional residual capacity do, with a concomitant
      decrease in vital capacity. The concern about lung cancer in these patients
      should be great, as the prevalence for that condition overlaps that of CAO. A
      routine chest roentgenograph and sputum samples for cytologic examination are the
      most commonly used techniques to diagnose lung cancer.

PMID- 3881318
TI  - Systemic complications of inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - Radiologic assessment of the sacroiliac joints should be part of every
      inflammatory bowel disease patient's workup; ankylosing spondylitis is 10 to 20
      times more common in ulcerative colitis patients than in normal persons. Iritis,
      which occurs in 10 to 20% of ulcerative colitis patients, often precedes bowel
      symptoms. It may be necessary to use long-term, low-dose steroid therapy to
      control frequently recurring iritis.

PMID- 3881319
TI  - Atypical presentation of thyroid disease in the elderly.
AB  - In general, because of the higher prevalence of hypothyroidism in the elderly and
      the paucity of signs and symptoms in many thyrotoxic elderly persons, thyroid
      disorders must be included in the differential diagnosis of every elderly
      patient's problems. Although not a substitute for close clinical observation,
      periodic screening for thyroid hormone abnormalities should be a routine part of
      periodic medical evaluation of elderly patients. Early diagnosis and treatment of
      abnormal thyroid function is the best way to avoid major complications that may
      result from this otherwise easily treatable problem.

PMID- 3881320
TI  - Abdominal aortic aneurysms: diagnosing and treating on time.
AB  - Recent evidence demonstrates that the notion of a "safe" aneurysm is a fallacy.
      The incidence of rupture, even in small aneurysms, is alarmingly high. Up to half
      of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms are asymptomatic before rupture and
      death. Lateral lumbosacral spine film using bone technique is ideal for rapid
      evaluation of an an aneurysm. About three-fourths of abdominal aortic aneurysms
      contain sufficient calcium to allow detection by this method, and estimation of
      aneurysm size is accurate.

PMID- 3881321
TI  - An updated approach to correcting impotence in elderly men.
AB  - A myth about transurethral prostatectomy is that it renders the patient unable to
      achieve an erection. There is no evidence that this is so, nor any evidence that
      prostatic hypertrophy itself causes impotence. It is imperative that the patient
      understand what the prosthesis will and will not do for him. All currently
      available devices provide a penile shaft rigid enough for intromission, but
      because all devices occupy only the corpora cavernosa, the erect penis will not
      be as long or as great in circumference as the patient's physiologic erections
      once were.

PMID- 3881322
TI  - D-penicillamine for primary biliary cirrhosis.

PMID- 3881323
TI  - Double blind controlled trial of d-penicillamine in patients with primary biliary
      cirrhosis.
AB  - One hundred and eighty nine patients with primary biliary cirrhosis were entered
      into a double blind, placebo controlled randomised trial starting in January 1978
      to assess the therapeutic value of d-penicillamine 1200 mg daily. Eighteen of the
      98 patients receiving d-penicillamine and 22 of the 91 placebo treated patients
      died during the study. Thirty six per cent of those on d-penicillamine and 8% of
      those on placebo were withdrawn from the study. No difference in overall survival
      was noted between the two groups of patients whether the results were analysed
      for the entire period of observation or only during the period in which the
      patients were receiving therapy. The mortality rate of those receiving d
      penicillamine in histological stage I to II, however, was one third of that of
      the placebo group although this difference did not reach statistical
      significance. Using the occurrence rate ratio as the statistical method of
      analysis, no effect of d-penicillamine was noted on any clinical, biochemical or
      histological features examined, except the serum alanine aminotransferase
      activity which was greater in those on active treatment. In this trial we have
      been unable to establish any therapeutic benefit from the drug.

PMID- 3881324
TI  - Enhancement of insulin release and islet cell calcium content by an acyl-amino
      alkyl benzoic acid derivative, HB 699.
AB  - HB 699, a hypoglycaemic agent which lacks the structural requirements regarded as
      essential for the insulin releasing action of the sulfonamide group, was studied
      in isolated rat islets and compared with tolbutamide. In the presence of 8.3 mM
      glucose for long exposure (24 h) both substances induced an increase of insulin
      release without altering the islet insulin content. After preloading of the
      islets to isotopic equilibrium with 45Ca++ (24 h), HB 699 and tolbutamide induced
      a significant increase in total exchangeable calcium content parallelled by an
      increase in insulin release. Both effects could be suppressed by verapamil, a
      blocker of voltage-sensitive Ca++ channels. These results indicate that HB 699,
      like tolbutamide, stimulates insulin release by increasing Ca++ uptake by the B
      cells.

PMID- 3881325
TI  - Apomorphine does not affect the basal insulin secretion in humans.

PMID- 3881326
TI  - Effect of cyclosporin-A on insulin secretion in vitro.

PMID- 3881327
TI  - The Sunnybrook Gallstone Study: a double-blind controlled trial of
      chenodeoxycholic acid for gallstone dissolution.
AB  - The Sunnybrook Gallstone Study was a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
      of chenodeoxycholic acid treatment over 2 years in 160 patients with radiolucent
      gallstones. Sixty-four patients received 750 mg daily, 53 received 375 mg daily
      and 43 received placebo. Total dissolution of gallstones occurred in 10.9% of
      patients on 750 mg daily, 13.2% of those on 375 mg daily and in no patient on
      placebo. The drug was tolerated well. Diarrhea severe enough to cause withdrawal
      from the study occurred in two patients. No patient developed clinically
      significant hepatotoxicity. Serum cholesterol rose 10% or more above baseline
      after 2 years in 33% of patients treated with chenodeoxycholic acid and in 30% of
      those on placebo. Cholecystectomy was performed in 10.9% of patients on 750 mg
      daily, 17% on 375 mg daily and 13.6% on placebo. Chenodeoxycholic acid given at
      these doses dissolved radiolucent gallstones safely but the efficacy was limited.

PMID- 3881328
TI  - Liver plasma membrane: the source of high molecular weight alkaline phosphatase
      in human serum.
AB  - This study presents biochemical, histochemical, morphological and immunological
      evidence that part of the high molecular weight alkaline phosphatase observed in
      the serum of patients with liver disease and particularly in cases of
      intrahepatic cholestasis or focal-, extrahepatic obstruction originates from the
      liver plasma membrane. The high molecular weight protein alkaline phosphatase
      complex contains several plasma membrane enzymes and behaves like a plasma
      membrane fragment after isopycnic density gradient ultracentrifugation in
      sucrose, cesium chloride and metrizamide. Electron microscopic examination
      revealed a triple-layered vesicle which retained alkaline phosphatase activity.
      Incubation of human liver cells with anti-serum against purified high molecular
      weight multienzyme complex resulted in fixation of antibodies on the plasma
      membrane as shown by positive plasma membrane fluorescence. These plasma membrane
      fragments in the serum are not of biliary origin.

PMID- 3881329
TI  - New views of cell and tissue cytoarchitecture: embedment-free electron microscopy
      and biochemical analysis.

PMID- 3881330
TI  - Effect of endotoxin on fibronectin and Kupffer cell activity.
AB  - The phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in the liver is
      important in host resistance to shock. Fibronectin is a large molecular weight
      glycoprotein which influences particulate uptake by phagocytic cells. This study
      addressed the effect of repeated low-dose endotoxin challenge on immunoreactive
      fibronectin and reticuloendothelial phagocytic function in rats. Intravenous
      Escherichia coli endotoxin increased circulating immunoreactive fibronectin by
      100% within 24 hr; normalization was within 96 hr. Elevated fibronectin levels at
      48 hr were associated with increased plasma opsonic activity as tested by liver
      slice phagocytic assay and RES stimulation, and in vitro uptake of gelatinized
      target particles by Kupffer cells in liver slices from endotoxin treated rats was
      significantly increased. Endotoxin tolerance was produced by repeated low dose
      challenge with endotoxin for 7 days and was associated with RES stimulation, even
      though the circulating fibronectin concentrations had returned to normal. By
      immunofluorescence, insoluble fibronectin was widely distributed in the liver in
      a pattern analogous to the sinusoidal vascular network. We suggest that increased
      RES phagocytic activity after low dose endotoxin challenge is due to early
      elevation of plasma fibronectin and cellular stimulation of phagocytic function
      followed by a sustained stimulation of Kupffer cells in the presence of normal
      fibronectin levels. Both cellular and humoral factors may contribute to increased
      Kupffer cell phagocytic activity during endotoxin tolerance.

PMID- 3881331
TI  - Immunosuppressive treatment of HBsAg-positive chronic liver disease: significance
      of HBeAg.
AB  - In a randomized clinical trial in 148 patients of azathioprine vs. prednisone
      treatment of chronic aggressive hepatitis and/or nonalcoholic cirrhosis, 20 were
      HBsAg positive on entry. In this subgroup sequential serum samples were
      investigated for HBs and HBe markers by radioimmunoassay. At the time of
      evaluation, 13 patients were still alive; their median age was 53 years (25 to
      72) and median follow-up time was 46 months (23 to 82). Of 16 patients with
      cirrhosis, 5 of 7 with persistence of HBeAg died, compared with 2 of 9 with anti
      HBe. In three patients with anti-HBe, HBeAg reappeared several times with
      simultaneous rise in transaminase values. The overall survival was 65% after 5
      years. The prognosis of HBsAg-positive chronic liver disease seemed to depend on
      the presence of cirrhosis and HBeAg rather than on improvement in biochemical
      activity during immunosuppressive treatment.

PMID- 3881332
TI  - Insulin action in cirrhosis.
AB  - In vivo insulin sensitivity and adipocyte insulin binding and action were
      assessed in 16 patients with histologically proven hepatic cirrhosis and 11 age-,
      weight- and sex-matched normal control subjects. The cirrhotic group displayed
      impaired oral glucose tolerance, despite an exaggerated serum immunoreactive
      insulin response, and in vivo insulin resistance as assessed both by the
      euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp and the glucose-insulin infusion techniques.
      Adipocytes of the cirrhotic patients bound significantly less insulin than those
      of the control subjects (2.21 +/- 0.12% vs. 2.64 +/- 0.13%; p less than 0.05).
      Although the adipocytes from the cirrhotic patients were less sensitive to
      insulin stimulation in vitro (half-maximal stimulation at 60.0 +/- 8.0 vs. 21.8
      +/- 3.3 pM; p less than 0.001), they exhibited higher maximum rates of
      lipogenesis. Comparison of the responses of the alcoholic, primary biliary
      cirrhosis and cryptogenic subgroups suggested pronounced differences in the
      maximum rates of lipogenesis. There were significant negative correlations
      between specific binding to adipocytes and both fasting serum immunoreactive
      insulin and in vivo insulin resistance as assessed by glucose-insulin infusion.
      Monocyte insulin binding was normal in the cirrhotic group and did not correlate
      with in vivo insulin resistance. It is concluded that both binding and
      postbinding defects in insulin target organ cells contribute to the marked in
      vivo insulin resistance of hepatic cirrhosis.

PMID- 3881333
TI  - PRO objectives and quality criteria.

PMID- 3881335
TI  - Cotransfer of syntenic human genes into mouse cells using isolated metaphase
      chromosomes or cellular DNA.
AB  - Chromosome-mediated gene transfer (CMGT) of the human genes for hypoxanthine
      phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) and cytosol thymidine kinase (TK1) into HPRT
      deficient mouse A9 cells or TK deficient Swiss mouse 3T3TK- cells was found to
      occur at frequencies at least one order of magnitude higher than DNA-mediated
      gene transfer (DMGT). The frequency of CMGT into 3T3TK- cells was reduced by more
      than an order of magnitude by a posttreatment of the recipient cells with
      dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). After CMGT, expression of the non-selected genes
      coding for galactokinase (GALK) and acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA), both syntenic
      with TK1, was observed in a number of transformants. From the pattern of
      cotransfer, a tentative gene ordering of CENTROMERE-GALK-TK1-GAA on human
      chromosome 17 was deduced. Chromosome-mediated cotransfer of X-linked human
      phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) with HPRT was observed in two out of 33 A9
      transformants analysed. DNA-mediated cotransfer of a syntenic gene was only
      observed for GALK, cotransferred with TK1 in two out of 18 TK+ transformants of
      mouse LTK- cells. Therefore, with murine cells as recipients of human donor
      genetic material, CMGT results in a higher frequency of transfer and a higher
      incidence of cotransfer of syntenic genes than DMGT using cellular DNA in the
      same cell system.

PMID- 3881334
TI  - DNA polymorphism and molecular pathology of the human globin gene clusters.
AB  - In the past few years there has been intensive study of the human globin genes.
      This study has provided important insights into normal gene structure and
      function and the nature of molecular defects leading to a set of inherited
      diseases. In turn, this information forms the basis for rational design of
      specific tests for prenatal diagnosis of particular forms of beta-thalassemia.
      Several areas demand further investigation. First, we need to know more about the
      region within the beta-gene cluster in which recombination appears to be more
      frequent than in areas surrounding it. This will provide new insights into the
      evolution of a segment of the genome and aid in explaining how particular
      mutations are dispersed to numerous chromosome types. Second, study of additional
      beta-thalassemia genes from human populations not previously studied will provide
      new gene defects, some of which may yield further clues about RNA transcription
      and processing. In addition, some (e.g., the coding region substitutions that
      affect RNA processing) may allow identification of new mechanisms of gene
      dysfunction. Third, we need further refinement of prenatal diagnostic tests so
      that early, accurate, and simplified assessment of pregnancies at risk can be
      accomplished widely, particularly in those geographic regions where beta
      thalassemia is especially prevalent.

PMID- 3881337
TI  - International careers for nurses.

PMID- 3881336
TI  - Shared antigens of human prostate cancer cell lines as defined by monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Eight monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against human prostate cancer cell
      lines are described. One MAb was derived from the fusion of mouse myeloma
      P3x63Ag8-653 cells with spleen cells of mice immunized with DU145 prostate cancer
      cells. The other seven were from the fusion of myeloma lines P3x63Ag8-653 or
      SP2/0 with spleen cells of mice immunized with PC3, DU145 and 1013L prostate
      cancer cells. All of the antibodies also reacted with cell lines of other human
      cancer types, especially carcinomas. Immunoperoxidase staining on fixed tissue
      revealed strong reactivity only with antibody PrN10. Seven other antibodies
      seemed to bind to cell surface-associated (glyco)proteins. Antibodies PrL22 and
      PrO11 showed similar reactivity in radioimmunoassay, and immunoprecipitated a 160
      kD molecular weight polypeptide from [125I]lactoperoxidase-labeled cells.
      Antibodies PrHk an PrQ12 bound to molecules with apparent MW of 115 kD and 100
      kD, respectively; antibodies PrM24 and PrP14 revealed a more complex picture in
      immunoprecipitation of surface-labeled cells.

PMID- 3881338
TI  - Functional differences associated with quantitative distribution of membrane
      immunoglobulin, Fc receptors and Ia on mouse B cells.
AB  - Murine splenic B cells were stained with antibodies against mIg, Ia or FcR and
      then separated on the fluorescence-activated cell sorter on the basis of
      quantitative differences in marker expression; that is, they were fractionated
      into subpopulations bearing high or low densities of the marker. The separated
      cells were then tested for their relative capacities for T-dependent primary and
      secondary antibody responses, and for lipopolysaccharide responsiveness. There
      was no association between the surface density of any of these markers and the
      ability of the cells to proliferate in response to lipopolysaccharide. However, a
      high level of surface Ia was associated with good primary and secondary T
      dependent responses. The density of mIg or of FcR showed no association with the
      capacity for primary responses, but a low density of these two markers,
      especially FcR, was correlated with good secondary responsiveness. Thus,
      subpopulations of B cells selected on the basis of quantitative levels of
      membrane markers can also be distinguished by their functional properties.

PMID- 3881339
TI  - Comparative studies on adjuvanticity of Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide and its
      lipid A and polysaccharide fractions.
AB  - Previously, we found that Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide (KO3 LPS) exhibits
      very strong adjuvant activity in augmenting the delayed-type hypersensitivity and
      antibody responses to protein antigens, and also strong ability to enlarge the
      regional lymph node in mice. By hydrolysis in 1% acetic acid at 100 degrees for 1
      hr, KO3 LPS was dissociated into 54-60% polysaccharide fraction and 25-27% lipid
      A fraction. The lipid A fraction thus prepared retained lethal toxicity for mice,
      whereas the polysaccharide fraction was essentially non-toxic. However, neither
      the lipid A fraction nor the polysaccharide fraction could reproduce the strong
      adjuvanticity of KO3 LPS, and a simple mixture of these two fractions also failed
      to do so. It is therefore concluded that, for expression of the strong
      adjuvanticity of KO3 LPS, both the lipid A and polysaccharide moieties are
      indispensable and must be combined in the form of LPS. By contrast,
      administration of relatively large amounts of the lipid A fraction alone could
      elicit enlargement of the regional lymph node to the same degree as that attained
      by KO3 LPS. The regional lymph node-enlarging activity of the lipid A fraction in
      lesser amounts was enhanced by addition of the polysaccharide fraction. It is
      therefore likely that there is no direct correlation between adjuvant activity of
      the LPS or its derivatives, and their regional lymph node-enlarging activity.

PMID- 3881340
TI  - Influence of paternal immunity on idiotype expression of offspring.
AB  - The immune response of the rat to group A streptococcal carbohydrate (SACHO) and
      an associated idiotype, Id-1, was used to examine the effect of paternal immunity
      on Id-1 and SACHO-specific antibody expression by the offspring. First litters,
      conceived before immunization of the father, had significantly higher Id-1 levels
      than litters conceived by the same parental pairs after hyperimmunization of the
      father (P greater than 0.01). Total anti-SACHO levels were not affected. The
      effect appeared to be independent of the level of Id-1 expressed by the father or
      grandfather. No significant difference in Id-1 production was found between
      offspring of actively immune, neonatally Id-1 suppressed fathers and fathers
      expressing high levels of Id-1. We suggest that the paternal immunoregulatory
      influence acts via the maternal immune system to modify the idiotype repertoire
      expressed in the immune response of the offspring, and is not the result of
      genetic transmission of a trait acquired by the father. Some possible mechanisms
      of transmission are discussed.

PMID- 3881341
TI  - Female wood lemmings with the mutant X*-chromosome carry the H-Y transplantation
      antigen.

PMID- 3881343
TI  - Injection sclerotherapy for bleeding varices--a review.

PMID- 3881342
TI  - Genetic and functional relationship of the HLA-DR and HLA-DQ antigens.

PMID- 3881344
TI  - Physical and genetic analysis of DNA regions encoding the immunoglobulin A
      proteases of different specificities produced by Haemophilus influenzae.
AB  - The structural gene for immunoglobulin A protease (iga) from Haemophilus
      influenzae serotype d was cloned in pBR322. The gene was used as a probe for
      Southern hybridization analysis of chromosomal DNA from the five other H.
      influenzae serotypes (a, b, c, e, and f). In most cases strains from a single
      serotype exhibited a distinct pattern of restriction fragment(s) homologous to
      the iga gene probe which was unique for that serotype. Serotype f strains were
      unique in that they gave two distinct patterns of homologous restriction
      fragments which correlated well with the production of two different protease
      types by members of this group. An iga mutant of H. influenzae serotype d was
      isolated by introducing a 4-base-pair insertion into the cloned iga gene and
      using the altered DNA for transformation of an H. influenzae recipient. The
      resulting iga- mutant produced no immunoglobulin A protease but was otherwise
      indistinguishable from its iga+ parent in growth characteristics. Transformation
      of mutant cells with chromosomal DNA isolated from either a serotype d or a
      serotype c strain gave rise to iga+ transformants. Those obtained with serotype d
      DNA produced a type 1 protease, whereas those obtained with serotype c DNA
      produced either a type 1 protease (characteristic of serotype d) or a type 2
      protease (characteristic of serotype c). Southern analysis of the latter
      transformants, using the iga gene probe, indicated that the type 1 transformants
      had a serotype d pattern of restriction fragments whereas the type 2
      transformants had either a serotype c or a novel pattern of restriction
      fragments. These results indicate that there is considerable homology between the
      iga genes of the various serotypes and that the homologous sequences identified
      with the serotype d probe are the immunoglobulin A protease-coding sequences in
      each case.

PMID- 3881345
TI  - Intracellular acid phosphatase content and ability of different macrophage
      populations to kill Nocardia asteroides.
AB  - It has been reported that the activity of lysosomal acid phosphatase decreases
      inversely with numbers of ingested virulent Nocardia spp. in normal murine
      peritoneal and alveolar macrophages. These studies suggested that this
      relationship correlated with the effectiveness of these macrophage populations in
      killing Nocardia asteroides. Experiments were designed to determine if acid
      phosphatase activity is affected by infection with N. asteroides in four
      different macrophage populations isolated from normal and nocardia-immunized
      mice. Macrophages were also tested simultaneously for their ability to kill N.
      asteroides. Peritoneal, alveolar, and splenic macrophages and Kupffer cells were
      infected in vitro with strains of N. asteroides of differing virulence. Uptake
      and killing assays were performed. Acid phosphatase levels and numbers of
      intracellular nocardiae were quantitated in the same macrophages, using a
      computer-assisted cytophotometry system. Acid phosphatase activity decreased
      inversely with numbers of intracellular nocardiae in macrophages that could not
      kill or inhibit this pathogen. Acid phosphatase activity was not significantly
      changed in macrophages that inhibited growth of, but did not kill, N. asteroides,
      whereas activity was increased or enhanced in macrophages that killed most of the
      ingested nocardiae. The order of nocardicidal effectiveness (and resistance to
      enzyme activity reduction with infection) for normal macrophages was splenic
      greater than peritoneal greater than alveolar greater than Kupffer. In contrast,
      the order of these two parameters for macrophages isolated from immunized mice
      was Kupffer greater than peritoneal greater than alveolar greater than splenic.
      These results demonstrate that lysosomal acid phosphatase activity is an
      effective marker of the ability of macrophages to inhibit growth of and kill N.
      asteroides and that macrophages isolated from different anatomical sites differ
      functionally from each other with respect to nocardicidal and acid phosphatase
      activities.

PMID- 3881346
TI  - Activation of the alternative complement pathway by pneumococcal lipoteichoic
      acid.
AB  - Cell wall teichoic acids of some gram-positive bacteria are potent activators of
      the alternative pathway of complement. It is unclear, however, whether the other
      form of teichoic acid, cell membrane lipoteichoic acid (LTA), can also activate
      the alternative pathway. In the present study, radiolabelled pneumococcal LTA was
      found to bind spontaneously to sheep erythrocytes in a temperature- and time
      dependent fashion. In addition, the presence of pneumococcal LTA on the
      erythrocyte surface was verified by the fact that they could be agglutinated by a
      myeloma protein (TEPC-15) specific for choline, a constituent of pneumococcal
      LTA. Pneumococcal LTA when fixed to the surface of erythrocytes was able to
      activate the alternative pathway of complement in both guinea pig serum deficient
      in the fourth component of complement and human serum deficient in the second
      component of complement, resulting in lysis of the sensitized erythrocytes. The
      sensitizing principle of the LTA preparation was removed before erythrocyte
      sensitization by immunoabsorption, using the choline-specific TEPC-15 myeloma
      protein. These data demonstrate that purified pneumococcal LTA will bind to sheep
      erythrocytes and endow them with the ability to activate the alternative pathway.

PMID- 3881347
TI  - Differences in expression and exposure of promastigote and amastigote membrane
      molecules in Leishmania tropica.
AB  - The accessibility of particular Leishmania tropica promastigote (extracellular)
      and amastigote (intracellular) membrane molecules might be related to the
      relative abilities of the two stages to induce host immune responses. To examine
      the exposure of membrane antigens on resident macrophage-susceptible
      promastigotes and resident macrophage-resistant amastigotes, both stages were
      analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting after specific
      labeling and extraction procedures. Protein compositional studies, using
      metabolic labeling of promastigotes and amastigotes, demonstrated that both forms
      possessed numerous endogenously synthesized proteins. In addition, a marked
      difference was revealed in the external exposure of promastigote and amastigote
      membrane constituents when analyzed by 125I surface labeling or Western blot
      analysis. Whereas nine promastigote proteins were intensely to moderately
      iodinated, only one amastigote membrane component was similarly labeled (9.5K
      band). Western blot analyses with serum from a rabbit immunized with a mixture of
      both L. tropica stages indicated that the majority of promastigote molecules
      accessible to 125I may also react with immune serum. However, Western blots of
      extracted amastigotes identified several bands not seen on radiographs and thus
      not accessible to 125I. The external exposure of these amastigote molecules was
      confirmed in that immune serum adsorbed with viable, intact amastigotes was no
      longer reactive with amastigote extracts. Further, by Western blot analyses of
      sodium dodecyl sulfate- but not Nonidet P-40-extracted amastigotes, three
      amastigote-specific membrane antigens not previously observed with nonionic
      detergent extraction methods were identified. The autofluorographic pattern of
      amastigotes intrinsically labeled with N-[3H]acetylglucosamine, an amino sugar
      which is incorporated into membrane carbohydrates, was in excellent agreement
      with the pattern of antigens reactive with antibody in Western blots. Thus, with
      these cell surface labeling and extraction methods, promastigote and amastigote
      membranes were shown to be significantly different. Amastigotes possessed several
      membrane-associated molecules, but few appeared to be either accessible or
      reactive with 125I. Moreover, the majority of molecules not reactive with 125I,
      but reactive with antibodies, may be glycosylated. These observations are
      discussed relative to the ability of amastigotes both to survive within the
      degradative milieu of macrophage phagolysosomes and to evade host immune
      reactivity.

PMID- 3881348
TI  - Increased sensitivity of Corynebacterium parvum-treated mice to toxic effects of
      indomethacin and lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - Female BALB/c and C3H/HeJ mice develop increased sensitivity to the toxic effects
      of indomethacin after injection of nonviable Corynebacterium parvum. The
      increased sensitivity developed within 4 days of intraperitoneal injection of the
      organisms and started to resolve 14 days after injection. The development of
      increased sensitivity was dependent on the quantity of organisms injected and the
      concentration of indomethacin utilized. The effect was not observed when C.
      parvum-treated animals were injected with aspirin. C. parvum-treated BALB/c mice
      also developed increased sensitivity to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
      Although increased sensitivity to LPS and indomethacin paralleled each other in
      BALB/c mice, the experiments with the LPS-resistant C3H/HeJ mice indicated that
      the two phenomena could be separated. The pyridine extract residue of C. parvum
      was as effective as C. parvum whole cells in inducing indomethacin and LPS
      sensitivity. Therefore, activation of the reticuloendothelial system is probably
      a critical element in the induction of sensitivity to these agents.

PMID- 3881349
TI  - Immunogenic properties of octasaccharide-protein conjugates derived from
      Klebsiella serotype 11 capsular polysaccharide.
AB  - The tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella
      serotype 11, K11PS, comprises the following sequence: [----3)-beta-D-GlcpA-(1---
      3)-alpha-D-Galp-(1----3)-beta-D-Glcp-(1 ----] with a 4,6-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)
      alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residue linked to O-4 of the glucuronic acid residue.
      Octasaccharide (OS) derived from K11PS by bacteriophage phi 11-associated
      glycanase, was coupled to bovine serum albumin and to keyhole limpet hemocyanin.
      The immunogenicity of various antigens after intraperitoneal immunization was
      studied by measuring the levels of circulating antibodies. Injection of BALB/c
      mice with K11PS resulted in induction of 2-mercaptoethanol-sensitive
      immunoglobulin M antibodies. The responses observed in BALB/c nu/nu mice and in
      male (CBA/N X C3H/HeN)F1 mice indicate that K11PS is a thymus-independent type 2
      antigen. Immunization of BALB/c mice with either OS-bovine serum albumin or OS
      keyhole limpet hemocyanin resulted in the induction of circulating 2
      mercaptoethanol-resistant immunoglobulin G antibodies. Results in BALB/c nu/nu
      mice indicate that the OS-protein conjugates are thymus-dependent antigens. Since
      the OS-keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate induced antibodies in both (CBA/N X
      C3H/HeN)F1 females and males, we propose to refer to this kind of antigen as a
      thymus-dependent type 1 antigen, whereas OS-bovine serum albumin, which evoked
      immunoglobulins in (CBA/N X C3H/HeN)F1 females only, can be referred to as a
      thymus-dependent type 2 antigen.

PMID- 3881350
TI  - Isolation, propagation, and characterization of a newly recognized pathogen,
      cilia-associated respiratory bacillus of rats, an etiological agent of chronic
      respiratory disease.
AB  - A Gram-negative, filamentous, rod-shaped bacillus which failed to grow in cell
      free media was isolated in apparently pure culture from the bronchial scraping
      and washing of a laboratory rat suffering from chronic respiratory disease by
      inoculating embryonated chicken eggs via the allantoic route. None of the embryos
      died during 20 serial passages at weekly intervals. The bacillus was reisolated
      in embryonated eggs from cesarean-derived barrier-maintained N:SD(SD) rats 8 and
      12 weeks after intranasal inoculation with 10th-passage allantoic fluid. The
      inoculated rats were housed in Horsfall-type units and remained free from other
      known respiratory pathogens, including mycoplasmas and murine viruses, throughout
      the study. The bacillus colonized the ciliated epithelial cells of the
      respiratory tract and caused a marked peribronchial infiltration and hyperplasia
      of mononuclear cells which progressed with time. The bacillus, ca. 0.2 micron
      wide by 4 to 6 micron long, stained very poorly with basic aniline dyes but was
      readily demonstrated with the Warthin-Starry silver technique. It was heat labile
      (56 degrees C for 30 min); spore forms were not observed. It withstood freeze
      thawing and was successfully stored at -70 degrees C. Although no visible means
      of locomotion was observed with the electron microscope, a slow gliding motility,
      sometimes with bending and flexing of bacilli apparently adherent to the glass
      surface, was observed with phase microscopy. As an etiological agent of chronic
      respiratory disease of rats, this cilia-associated respiratory bacillus
      (tentatively designated the CAR bacillus) may be the first recognized gliding
      bacterium known to cause disease in a warm-blooded vertebrate.

PMID- 3881351
TI  - In vivo effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on proliferation of macrophage
      colony-forming cells in bone marrow and peripheral lymphoid tissues.
AB  - Changes in the number of macrophage colony-forming cells in various tissues of
      mice injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Klebsiella pneumoniae,
      Escherichia coli, or Salmonella enteritidis were studied. The injection of LPS
      increased macrophage colony-forming cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues such as
      the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and regional lymph node, although the same
      treatment caused the decrease of such cells in the bone marrow. This phenomenon
      was consistently observed when tested by various LPSs. The injection of LPS into
      mice which had been exposed to X-ray irradiation and reconstituted with syngeneic
      normal bone marrow cells decreased colony-forming cells in the spleen. The
      increase of macrophage colony-forming cells in the spleen seemed, therefore, not
      to be due to migration from the bone marrow. The injection of LPS appeared to
      shorten the lag time before the initiation of mitosis of colony-forming cells in
      the spleen but not in the bone marrow. No participation of serum factors in this
      phenomenon could be detected. It was suggested that there might be an essential
      difference between the responsiveness to LPS of macrophage colony-forming cells
      in the spleen and those of the bone marrow.

PMID- 3881352
TI  - Purification and characterization of hyaluronidase from oral Peptostreptococcus
      species.
AB  - Hyaluronidase was purified to apparent homogeneity from the spent medium of
      Peptostreptococcus sp. strain 84H14S. The enzyme was purified 310-fold by ethanol
      precipitation, gel chromatography, and cation-exchange chromatography with a
      recovery of 42% of the original activity in the culture medium. The molecular
      weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 160,000 by gel filtration with
      Sephacryl S-300. Like bacterial mucopolysaccharidases of other sources, the
      enzyme carried out an eliminative reaction with the substrate, producing 4,5
      unsaturated disaccharides as the final end products. Its optimum temperature of
      activity is 46 degrees C. The purified peptostreptococcal hyaluronidase was
      different from previously reported bacterial hyaluronidases in several respects.
      It degraded hyaluronic acid rapidly and also exhibited some activity against
      chondroitin sulfate A and chondroitin sulfate C. The KmS for hyaluronic acid,
      chondroitin sulfate A, and chondroitin sulfate C were 0.14, 1.4, and 2.6 mg/ml,
      respectively. The specific activity of hyaluronidase was much higher than that of
      any previously purified mucopolysaccharidases. The Vmax against hyaluronic acid
      reached 400 mmol of product per min per mg of protein at 22 degrees C. The
      peptostreptococcal hyaluronidase was also unique in that its optimum pH of
      activity was around neutrality, whereas other bacterial hyaluronidases were most
      active at acidic pHs.

PMID- 3881353
TI  - High surface hydrophobicity of autoaggregating Staphylococcus aureus strains
      isolated from human infections studied with the salt aggregation test.
AB  - A total of 209 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from infections and 23
      strains from nose cultures of healthy laboratory personnel were compared for
      relative surface hydrophobicity in the salt aggregation test (Lindahl et al.,
      Biochim. Biophys. Acta 677:471-476, 1981). In the standard method, bacterial cell
      suspensions from blood agar-grown cultures were tested for visible aggregation by
      "salting out" in serial dilutions of ammonium sulfate (0.1 to 1.6 M [final
      concentration]). Bacteria were defined as extremely hydrophobic when showing
      autoaggregation in saline or in 0.002 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). Using
      this definition, we found a large number of strains isolated from various
      infections to be very hydrophobic: 123 of 135 strains from patients with
      septicemia (91%), 54 of 60 strains from wound infections (90%), and 12 of 14
      strains from urinary tract infections (86%). In contrast, only 9 of 23 strains
      from nose cultures of healthy carriers (39%) were autoaggregating. A total of 12
      autoaggregating strains were grown on various solid and liquid media. Only growth
      on hematin agar was found to completely suppress surface hydrophobicity as
      revealed by our salt aggregation test method, and growth in liquid media
      prevented the expression of hydrophobicity in most strains. Growth at 20 or 42
      degrees C or under anaerobic conditions did not affect hydrophobicity. Cells
      harvested from various phases of growth did not differ significantly in surface
      hydrophobicity. Heating washed cell suspensions at 56 degrees C did not affect
      the salt aggregation test values, whereas heating the cell suspensions at 80 and
      100 degrees C caused a significant decline in hydrophobicity. The addition of
      ethylene glycol (25% [vol/vol] final concentration) prevented the autoaggregation
      of 10 of the 12 strains. Likewise, treating the cell suspensions with proteolytic
      enzymes decreased the surface hydrophobicity, indicating that surface proteins
      contribute to high surface hydrophobicity of autoaggregating strains.

PMID- 3881354
TI  - Prevention of adhesion by indigenous bacteria to rabbit cecum epithelium by a
      barrier of microvesicles.
AB  - None of 74 strains of anaerobic bacteria cultured from the mucosal epithelial
      interface of the rabbit cecum adhered to isolated brush borders in experiments in
      which enteropathogenic Escherichia coli RDEC-1 was used as an adherent control.
      Scanning electron microscopy of the surfaces of the cecal epithelia confirmed
      that few organisms were in contact with the villus surface, but transmission
      electron microscopy revealed a layer of microvesicles up to 50 nm in diameter
      between the microvilli and mucous gel. The evidence indicates that there is no
      significant epithelium-adherent flora in the cecum but that a microvesicular
      layer could contribute significantly to prevention of adherence by both normal
      and potentially pathogenic bacteria.

PMID- 3881355
TI  - Temperature-inducible surface fibrillae associated with the virulence plasmid of
      Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.
AB  - When cultivated at 37 degrees C in static broth, human clinical isolates of
      Yersinia enterocolitica (serogroups O:3, O:8, and O:9) and Yersinia
      pseudotuberculosis (serogroup O:III) produced numerous nonflagellar surface
      appendages, which appeared as a lawn of fine fibrillae, each having a diameter of
      1.5 to 2.0 nm and a length of 50 to 70 nm. Cultivation at 22 degrees C resulted
      in complete disappearance of the fibrillae. The phenotypic expression of these
      appendages was correlated with the presence of the 40- to 48-megadalton virulence
      plasmid and was strongly affected by the growth medium. Evidence is presented
      which suggests that these plasmid-mediated, temperature-inducible surface
      fibrillae are responsible for autoagglutination and are related to production of
      one prominent, Sarkosyl-insoluble polypeptide of ca. 180 kilodaltons in the
      bacterial outer membrane.

PMID- 3881356
TI  - Synergistic rotavirus and Escherichia coli diarrheal infection of mice.
AB  - Experimental or naturally acquired subclinical infections with rotavirus caused a
      significant increase in mortality of infant mice after challenge with
      enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli B44.

PMID- 3881357
TI  - Allergenic components of bald-faced hornet (V. maculata) venom.
AB  - Bald-faced hornet (V. maculata) venom collected by electrical stimulation was
      fractionated using molecular exclusion gel-filtration and ion-exchange
      chromatography. Four fractions were selected for in-depth analysis. These were
      analyzed for phospholipase, hyaluronidase and protease enzyme activities,
      antigenicity as measured by reaction with anti-hornet venom rabbit serum, and
      allergenic activity, as determined by RAST reaction with sera from hornet
      sensitive patients. The results of these studies suggest that the fractions
      containing phospholipase, hyaluronidase and protease possess allergenic activity.
      In addition, there appear to be other allergenic components in hornet venom.
      Allergic patients differ in their reactivity to the various allergenic components
      in hornet venom and may have IgE antibodies to one or more of these components.

PMID- 3881358
TI  - Detection of house dust mite allergens and frequency of IgE binding following
      electroblotting and enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - Mite allergens, fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, were identified using 45 mite atopic
      sera and an enzyme immunostaining assay for IgE. More than 20 different mite
      components bound IgE and almost every serum showed a different pattern of
      binding. 7 of the 20 components were bound by half of the sera and 70% were bound
      by at least 20% of the sera. These results demonstrate a greater number of house
      dust mite allergens and a far greater diversity of the IgE antibody response to
      mite allergens than has previously been described.

PMID- 3881359
TI  - Assessment of neutrophil chemotaxis and random migration in children and adults.
      Comparison between filter and agarose techniques.
AB  - Polymorphonuclear leucocyte migration was studied in 16 children and 11 normal
      adults, both by a filter technique and under agarose. Assays were carried out in
      parallel. There were no significant differences (p greater than 0.5) between
      adult controls and children's mean neutrophil migration coefficients within
      methods, but highly significant differences were found between methods (p less
      than 0.001) both in adult and children's samples. The observed intermethod
      differences are shown to be the result of increased random migration under
      agarose in both age groups.

PMID- 3881360
TI  - The use of hybridoma cells as a murine model to study tumor immunity.
AB  - The secretion of antibody by hybridoma cells allows the growth of individual
      cells to be measured by a hemolytic plaque assay. Similarly, plaque reduction
      assays were sensitive indicators of tumor immunity. A series of strains of
      hybridoma have been isolated from an original isolate which is sensitive to
      cytotoxic T cells and NK cells. In the derivation of a spleen-seeking variant,
      the cells appear to have lost immunogenic but not antigenic characteristics. This
      model lends itself to the quantitative study of immune constraints on tumor
      growth in vivo. Combined with the selection of tumor variants, the model is of
      wide application to many fields of tumor biology, particularly where sensitive
      measurement of tumor cell number and viability is crucial.

PMID- 3881361
TI  - Heterogeneity in surface antigen of cell lines and clones from a murine
      carcinoma.
AB  - Cell lines of the murine Lewis lung tumor (3LL) were established from primary
      tumor site (PT) and from lung metastatic foci (Met). Expression of
      histocompatibility antigens was assessed by immunofluorescence with an anti-H-2b
      antibody and by tumorigenicity of the cells in different strains of mice.
      Analysis for tumor-associated transplantation antigens (TATA) were performed by
      challenging mice with living tumor cells after pretreatment with irradiated cells
      or by in vivo tumor neutralization assays with different tumor cells as target
      cells and T lymphocytes from immunized animals as effector cells. The 3LL tumor
      was found to be heterogeneous in respect to tumor growth rate in vivo, metastatic
      capacity in vivo, expression of normal histocompatibility antigens and expression
      of "TATA". Moreover, monoclonal antibody B1 (H11-115) binding to a Met cell
      surface antigen, but not to normal cells, was obtained. The antibody bound to 3LL
      tumor cell lines from primary tumor (PTH, PTV), from a mixture of metastatic foci
      (MetH, MetV), from different metastatic foci originating from 3 different mice,
      and to 21 subclones derived from one of the lines established from a metastatic
      focus. Analysis of the 3LL sublines demonstrated a significant antigenic
      heterogeneity within each tumor population as well as among the different
      sublines.

PMID- 3881362
TI  - Handwashing and skin. Physiologic and bacteriologic aspects.
AB  - Handwashing practices are often based on tradition and belief. To develop sound
      rationale for handwashing practices, the physiologic and bacteriologic effects of
      handwashing must be examined. The purposes of this article are to review the
      three major microenvironments of the skin with their bacterial flora, to discuss
      physiologic and bacteriologic characteristics of the skin with particular
      reference to handwashing, and to describe current handwashing recommendations and
      practices.

PMID- 3881363
TI  - Immunology of corneal allograft rejection: in vitro sensitization of effector
      cells.
AB  - Anterior chamber injection of donor rabbit lymphocytes sensitized in vitro to
      recipient alloantigens leads to the development of small focal areas of
      endothelial cell destruction (pocks) on the recipient cornea. Damage may be
      observed through a specular microscope as early as 2 days after injection of
      sensitized lymphocytes. Recipients of unsensitized allogeneic or sensitized
      autologous lymphocytes demonstrate little or no endothelial damage and no pock
      formation. Flat endothelial preparations reveal focal destruction of the
      endothelium with multiple foci, many infiltrated and surrounded by mononuclear
      cells. This model provides controlled sensitization to a variety of
      histocompatibility and corneal antigens that may be responsible for initiation of
      graft rejection.

PMID- 3881364
TI  - Removal of viable sheets of conjunctival epithelium with dispase II.
AB  - A technique (based on Gipson and Grill, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 23:269, 1982)
      has been developed to obtain pure, viable, intact sheets of rabbit conjunctival
      epithelium free of the underlying basement membrane. After preparing a full
      thickness eye wall resection, Dispase, grade II (neutral protease-Bacillus
      polymyxa), 1.2 Units/ml MEM is injected intrasclerally. The conjunctiva and
      sclera are pinned in agar and incubated in the dispase with MEM for 1 hour. A 2 X
      3 mm sheet of conjunctival epithelium can be dissected bluntly. Light microscopy
      shows a two- to three-layered epithelium with many goblet cells. Transmission
      electron microscopy reveals blebbing at the freed basal epithelial cell membrane,
      intact desmosomes, and intact goblet cells. The conjunctival sheets were cultured
      on epithelial-scraped corneal stromal carriers in vitro. Numerous goblet cells
      were present up to 12 hours on 4-mm carriers and 24 hours on 1-mm carriers. With
      this technique, pure populations of conjunctival epithelium can be isolated for
      further characterization and tissue culture.

PMID- 3881365
TI  - Penetrating corneal transplantation in the inbred rat: a new model.
AB  - A model of orthotopic penetrating keratoplasty has been developed in the inbred
      rat using both avascular and prevascularized recipient beds. The surgical
      procedure is conventional and can be achieved with standard instrumentation.
      Isografts into avascular recipient beds (Fisher 344 into Fisher 344 strain
      combination) were successful and survived indefinitely with excellent corneal
      function judged either visually by clarity and lack of oedema, or histologically
      at autopsy. Allografts into avascular beds (DA into Fisher 344 strain
      combination) became cloudy and oedematous at a median of day 12 postgraft; 43%
      spontaneously recovered clarity while the remaining 57% remained opaque or became
      scarred. Penetrating grafts also were performed in eyes prevascularized by the
      placement of sutures approximately 3 weeks prior to transplantation. Most
      isografts into prevascularized and inflamed beds underwent a transient episode of
      oedema, which quickly resolved and was felt to result from postsurgical
      inflammation. All allografts into prevascularized beds became oedematous and
      cloudy; 76% went on to fail completely, while 24% cleared without treatment. End
      point histology showed normal graft morphology in the isografts; failed
      allografts showed a picture consistent with immunologic rejection. The model,
      which allows corneal transplantation to be performed against a constant
      histocompatibility barrier, may be useful in studies of rejection.

PMID- 3881366
TI  - Acid proteases and histologic correlations in experimental ulceration in vitamin
      A deficient rabbit corneas.
AB  - Although xerophthalmia due to severe vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of
      childhood blindness in the underdeveloped countries, little is known about the
      proteases (other than collagenase) that are involved in the degradative
      mechanism. The degree of cellular autolysis and stromal degradation observed
      histologically in early stages of xerophthalmia and in ulcerating corneas in
      vitamin A deficient rabbits in this study were, in general, proportional to the
      levels of the proteases studied. The only major histologic and ultrastructural
      alteration observed in early xerophthalmic corneas was autolysis of superficial
      epithelial and stromal cells. In contrast, in the ulcerating corneas the stroma
      was infiltrated heavily with inflammatory cells and extensive stromal degradation
      was observed in the central necrotic region of the lesions. Maximal proteolytic
      activity toward hemoglobin was observed at pH 3.3 for corneal extracts from
      normal (N) and pair-fed control (C) rabbits and rabbits with early xerophthalmia
      (X) and ulcerating xerophthalmia (U) corneas. This activity was a cathepsin D
      like enzyme per cornea that had a ratio of 1:1:3:16 in the N, C, X, and U
      corneas. The ratio of cathepsin B-like activity per cornea for N, C, X, and U
      corneas was 1:2:2:10.

PMID- 3881367
TI  - A comparison of plasma renin activity levels in patients with and without
      congestive heart failure after myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3881368
TI  - Factors contributing to attrition rates in a pulmonary rehabilitation program.

PMID- 3881369
TI  - Saccular aneurysms, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and the timing of surgery.

PMID- 3881370
TI  - Diagnosis and management of mediastinal migration of central venous pressure
      catheters.

PMID- 3881371
TI  - Comparative efficacy of four different methods for preventing pelvic cellulitis
      in abdominal hysterectomy.

PMID- 3881372
TI  - Intrauterine hematoma: a prognostic enigma in threatened abortion.

PMID- 3881373
TI  - In memoriam. Henry Seymour Kaplan.

PMID- 3881374
TI  - Local recurrence, rate and sites of metastases, and time to relapse as a function
      of treatment regimen, size of primary and surgical history in 62 patients
      presenting with non-metastatic Ewing's sarcoma of the pelvic bones.
AB  - This report reviews the experience of 62 patients who presented between 1972 and
      1978 with non-metastatic Ewing's sarcoma of the pelvis and were entered on IESS
      I. Seventeen patients (27%) developed a local recurrence, 38 patients (61%)
      demonstrated metastases and 21 (34%) neither. In the dose range 4000 rad to 6000
      rad no dose response could be detected for local control of tumor. Forty-six
      patients (74%) had a biopsy or exploratory surgery only, 5 patients (8%) had an
      incomplete resection and 11 patients (18%) had a complete resection of their
      tumor. In the 46 patients having a biopsy only, 13 developed a local recurrence
      (28%) as compared to 2 of 11 patients undergoing a complete resection (18%). The
      most common sites for metastases were lung in 19 patients (31%) and bone in 23
      patients (37%). No significant difference was noted in the frequency of overall
      metastases or metastases to any site between those patients receiving one of the
      three treatment regimens used in IESS I: VAC and Adriamycin (regimen I), VAC
      alone (regimen II) and VAC plus bilateral pulmonary irradiation (regimen III). At
      a median follow-up of 135 weeks no significant difference in median survival
      could be detected in patients with pelvic primaries between regimens I, II and
      III. The mean diameter of the pelvic primaries was comparable to the nonpelvic,
      however, one half of the pelvic cases were in the range 10-15 cm. The median time
      to relapse of the 241 non-pelvic patients on IESS I was 222 weeks as contrasted
      with the median time to relapse of 92 weeks in the 62 pelvic patients on the same
      study (p = 0.002). The possible reasons for the poor prognosis of pelvic primary
      patients are discussed together with treatment policies that might improve the
      survival of this group of patients.

PMID- 3881375
TI  - A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in early stage Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - A multivariate analysis of the prognostic factors was carried out with a Cox
      model on 1,139 patients with clinical Stage I + II Hodgkin's disease included in
      three controlled clinical trials. The following indicators had been prospectively
      registered: age, sex, systemic symptoms, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),
      number and sites of involved lymph node areas, histologic type, clinical stage,
      pattern of presentation, results of staging laparotomy when performed, as well as
      the date and type of treatment. A linear logistic analysis showed that most of
      the indicators are interrelated. This emphasizes the necessity of a multivariate
      analysis in order to assess the independent influence of each of them. The two
      main prognostic indicators for relapse-free survival are systemic symptoms and/or
      ESR and number of involved areas. The only significant factor for survival after
      relapse is age. Sex has a small but significant influence on relapse-free
      survival. The relative influence of each indicator varies with the type of
      treatment and these variations may help in understanding the biologic
      significance of the indicators.

PMID- 3881376
TI  - The evolution and summary results of the Stanford randomized clinical trials of
      the management of Hodgkin's disease: 1962-1984.
AB  - This is a summary report of the Stanford randomized clinical trials of the
      management of Hodgkin's disease, initiated in 1962. There have been four major
      changes in the treatment protocols during this 22 year period. Between 1962-67,
      132 patients with CS I, II and III disease were enrolled on various radiation
      trials. Between 1968-74, 367 patients were enrolled on studies primarily
      evaluating the role of adjuvant MOPP chemotherapy. Between 1974-80, variations in
      the chemotherapy regimen and the sequences of the combined modality programs were
      studied. The current studies, initiated in 1980, have enrolled 102 patients, and
      test a new mild adjuvant chemotherapy, VBM, (vinblastine, bleomycin and
      methotrexate) and utilizes ABVD in combined modality and alternating regimens.
      During the two decades of these studies, involving more than 800 patients, the
      initial remission rate and duration and the survival of all patients treated have
      progressively improved.

PMID- 3881377
TI  - A review of alpha/beta ratios for experimental tumors: implications for clinical
      studies of altered fractionation.
AB  - Clinical interest in the use of more and smaller dose fractions in radical
      radiotherapy has been stimulated by recent reviews of experimental results with
      normal tissues. It has been found that if the dose per fraction is reduced (i.e.,
      in hyperfractionation) there is sparing of late responding normal tissues
      relative to those which respond early. This phenomenon can be understood in terms
      of the shapes of the underlying dose effect relationships, which can be described
      using the linear quadratic equation. The ratio (alpha/beta) of the linear (alpha)
      and quadratic (beta) terms is a useful measure of the curviness of such dose
      effect curves. Low alpha/beta values (1.5 to 5 Gy) have been observed for late
      responding normal tissues and indicate that radiation damage should be greatly
      spared by the use of dose fractions smaller than the 2 Gy used in conventional
      radiotherapy. By contrast the high alpha/beta values (6-14 Gy) observed for
      acutely responding normal tissues indicate that the response is relatively linear
      over the dose range of clinical interest. Hence less extra sparing effect is to
      be expected if lower doses per fraction are administered. If tumors respond in
      the same way as acutely responding normal tissues then hyperfractionation might
      confer a therapeutic gain relative to late responding normal tissues. We have
      reviewed published results for experimental tumors irradiated in situ and either
      assayed in situ or after excision. The alpha/beta ratios were usually at least as
      high as those for acutely responding normal tissues, and 36/48 tumors gave values
      greater than 8 Gy. Low values of less than 5 Gy were obtained for only 4/48
      tumors. There are considerable technical problems in interpreting these
      experiments, but the results do suggest that hyperfractionation might confer
      therapeutic gain relative to late responding normal tissues on the basis of
      differences in repair capability. In clinical practice more efficient
      reoxygenation, cell cycle redistribution and decreased overall treatment time
      might also confer therapeutic gain.

PMID- 3881378
TI  - A comparison of ciliary sulcus and capsular bag fixation of posterior chamber
      intraocular lenses.
AB  - We compare indications, advantages, and disadvantages of ciliary sulcus and lens
      capsular bag (lens capsular sac) fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses
      (IOLs). Our findings suggest that, whenever possible, it is efficacious to
      implant the loops of posterior chamber IOLs within the capsular bag. This
      positions the lens optic and the supporting loops in the natural anatomical
      position, sequestered from highly vascular uveal tissue and the blood aqueous
      barrier. This should minimize the potential for complications that may be
      associated with iris-ciliary body contact. Considering the rapid increase in the
      number of implantations of IOLs now being performed (approximately 700,000 per
      year in the United States alone), a possible reduction of even 1% in clinically
      significant complications would make this effort worthwhile. Widespread
      application of in-the-bag implantation is predicated on the assumption that the
      surgeon is proficient with this procedure and that careful follow-up of patients
      does not reveal any significantly increased incidence of lens dislocation due to
      zonular rupture.

PMID- 3881379
TI  - Perfusion dehydration fixes elastin and preserves lung air-space dimensions.
AB  - We sought a technique to preserve lung tissue for micrography with air-space
      dimensions unchanged from the fresh state. In our hands, conventional techniques
      were problematical. Aware of the possibility that distortion might be caused by
      inadequate mechanical fixation of elastin, we dehydrated the still-inflated lung
      by intravascular perfusion with graded ethanols. Canine and rabbit lungs so
      prepared had straighter alveolar septa, greater air-space dimensions, and an
      improved correlation with light-scattering measurements. Bovine ligamentum nuchae
      (mostly elastin) was only partially fixed by glutaraldehyde or osmium tetroxide
      but was effectively stiffened by dehydration. We conclude that perfusion
      dehydration aids in the faithful preservation of parenchymal configuration,
      probably by mechanical fixation of elastin.

PMID- 3881380
TI  - Chronic low-sodium diet in rats: responses to severe heat exposure.
AB  - To determine the effects of sodium (Na+) deficiency on the responses to severe
      heat stress (35.5 degrees C), immature (mean wt 150.4 g) male rats (n = 21) were
      fed a low-Na+ diet for 71 days. Rates of weight gain and food consumption were
      significantly (P less than 0.001) reduced in the low-Na+ group, whereas water
      consumption was unaffected. Prior to heat exposure circulating Na+ levels were
      unaffected by dietary Na+ restriction, but both circulating potassium (K+) and
      hematocrit levels were significantly (P less than 0.001) increased. After 24-h
      exposure to severe heat stress, circulating Na+ levels did manifest a significant
      (P less than 0.001) decrement in the low-Na+ group. K+ levels increased
      significantly (P less than 0.01) in the control group after 6 h of heat exposure
      but remained depressed in comparison with the low-Na+ group after 48 and 72 h.
      Although plasma renin activity (PRA) was not increased by chronic consumption of
      the low-Na+ diet or by severe heat exposure in the control group, severe heat
      stress in the low-Na+ group did elicit significant (P less than 0.005) increments
      in PRA after 24 h of exposure. Alternatively, plasma aldosterone levels were
      significantly (P less than 0.001) elevated by both the low-Na+ diet and heat
      stress. We concluded from these studies that chronic consumption of the low-Na+
      diet had severe effects on hematologic, endocrinological, and thermoregulatory
      variables as well as thermal sensitivity to prolonged and sedentary exposure to
      severe heat stress.

PMID- 3881381
TI  - Collateral ventilation during high-frequency oscillation in dogs.
AB  - Mechanics of collateral channels during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation
      (HFOV) were assessed in eight anesthetized dogs, using a modification of
      Hilpert's technique. Base-line functional residual capacity was measured with a
      body plethysmograph, with inspiratory efforts induced by phrenic nerve
      stimulation. The resistance (Rcoll) and time constant (Tcoll) of collateral
      channels at five lung volumes were measured during HFOV and positive end
      expiratory pressure (PEEP). Rcoll and Tcoll were significantly higher during HFOV
      (P less than 0.001); the differences did not correlate with resting lung volumes.
      The calculated static compliance of the wedged segment was similar during HFOV
      and PEEP (P greater than 0.005). Mean pressures measured in small airways during
      HFOV corresponded to the midline between the inflation and deflation limbs of the
      static pressure-volume curves, indicating similar pressure-volume characteristics
      of the respiratory system during HFOV and static conditions. We conclude that
      HFOV increases resistance to gas flow through collateral channels but that this
      pathway may still be important in gas exchange.

PMID- 3881382
TI  - Endurance training and glucose conversion into triglycerides in human fat cells.
AB  - To study the influence of endurance training on glucose conversion into fat cell
      triglycerides, 24 (13 women, 11 men) inactive subjects (25.0 +/- 3.8 yr of age)
      took part in a 20-wk ergocycle training program 4 days and increasing to 5
      days/wk, 40-45 min/day, starting at 60% and increasing to 85% of the heart rate
      reserve. Several body fatness indicators were measured before and after the
      training program: seven skinfold thicknesses, percent fat, and mean fat cell
      weight. Fat cell basal and maximal insulin-stimulated glucose conversion into
      triglycerides were also determined using [14C]glucose. Body fatness indicators
      decreased significantly after training only in male subjects (P less than 0.05).
      Basal and maximal insulin-stimulated glucose conversion into triglycerides
      increased significantly with training (P less than 0.05): pretest values
      (nanomoles glucose per hour per 10(6) cells) being 24.9 +/- 2.1 and 28.7 +/- 2.5,
      while post-test values were 30.1 +/- 3.2 and 33.0 +/- 3.4 for basal and insulin
      stimulated values, respectively. However, this lipogenic increase was only
      observed in male subjects (P less than 0.01). Changes in body fatness indicators
      induced by training were negatively correlated with changes induced in fat cell
      glucose conversion into triglycerides (-0.24 less than or equal to r less than or
      equal to -0.45). These results demonstrate that endurance training increases fat
      cell glucose conversion into triglycerides and suggest that adipose tissue
      metabolism is part of the adaptive response to training. Moreover, it appears
      that adipose tissue response to aerobic training is more efficient in males than
      in females.

PMID- 3881383
TI  - Dexamethasone and indomethacin modify endotoxin-induced respiratory failure in
      pigs.
AB  - We studied the porcine pulmonary response to endotoxemia before and after
      administration of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID, i.e., indomethacin
      or flunixin meglumine) or dexamethasone (DEX). Escherichia coli endotoxin was
      infused intravenously into anesthetized 10- to 12-wk old pigs for 4.5 h. In
      endotoxemic pigs, the phase 1 (i.e., 0-2 h) increases in pulmonary arterial
      pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and alveolar-arterial O2 gradient
      and the decreases in cardiac index (CI) and lung dynamic compliance (Cdyn) were
      blocked by NSAID. Thus phase 1 changes were cyclooxygenase dependent.
      Furthermore, these effects were blocked or greatly attenuated by DEX. During
      phase 2 of endotoxemia (i.e., 2-4.5 h), the increased PVR and decreased CI and
      Cdyn were not blocked by NSAID but were attenuated by DEX, suggesting the
      presence of cyclooxygenase-independent metabolites. Both NSAID and DEX blocked
      the endotoxin-induced increases in lung water, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)
      neutrophil, and BAL albumin content. The fall in plasma proteins persisted in
      NSAID but not DEX-treated pigs. We conclude that endotoxemia in the pig causes
      severe acute respiratory failure largely mediated by cyclooxygenase and possibly
      lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism.

PMID- 3881384
TI  - Lower body positive pressure vs. dopamine during PEEP in humans.
AB  - The application of lower body positive pressure (LBPP) of approximately 40 Torr
      was used to increase cardiac index (CI) in eight patients with acute respiratory
      failure (ARF) during positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation. The
      effects of LBPP on hemodynamics and gas exchange were compared with those of
      dopamine at the same level of CI without blood volume expansion. LBPP increased
      CI via an increase in stroke index without associated tachycardia, whereas
      dopamine combined both effects. A positive linear relationship (r = 0.82) was
      evidenced between CI and right atrial pressure (Pra) during application of LBPP
      according to the Frank-Starling mechanism, whereas dopamine did not increase Pra.
      The increase in CI with dopamine was associated with a significant rise in venous
      admixture (r = 0.84, P less than 0.001), whereas no such effect was observed with
      LBPP (r = 0.088). Changes in venous admixture were directly related to changes in
      mixed venous O2 pressure (PVO2) in both situations (r = 0.733, P less than 0.01),
      but the increase in PVO2 was more pronounced with dopamine than with LBPP (P less
      than 0.04). We conclude that LBPP can effectively counterbalance peripheral
      venous blood pooling during PEEP ventilation in humans with ARF and that changes
      in PVO2 appear as a major determinant of venous admixture in this setting.

PMID- 3881385
TI  - Proper interaction between at least two components is required for efficient
      export of proteins to the Escherichia coli cell envelope.
AB  - An Escherichia coli mutant carrying delta malE12-18, a 21-base pair deletion
      confined to the coding DNA of the maltose-binding protein signal peptide, is
      unable to export maltose-binding protein to the periplasm efficiently.
      Consequently, such a strain is defective for the utilization of maltose as a sole
      carbon source. We obtained 16 mutants harboring extragenic delta malE12-18
      suppressor mutations that exhibit partial restoration of export to the mutant
      maltose-binding protein. A genetic analysis of these extragenic suppressor
      mutations demonstrated that 15 map at prlA, at 72 min on the standard E. coli
      linkage map, and that 1 maps at a new locus, prlD, at 2.5 min on the linkage map.
      Our evidence indicates that the prlA and prlD gene products play an important
      role in the normal pathway for export of proteins to the cell envelope. Efficient
      execution of the secretory process requires that these prl gene products interact
      properly with each other so that a productive interaction of these gene products
      with the signal peptide also can occur. Our data suggest that proper assembly of
      a complex is required for efficient export of E. coli envelope proteins to their
      various extracytoplasmic compartments.

PMID- 3881386
TI  - Phosphate-specific transport system of Escherichia coli: nucleotide sequence and
      gene-polypeptide relationships.
AB  - The DNA nucleotide sequence of four genes for the phosphate-specific transport
      system of Escherichia coli is reported. Along with the DNA sequence for the phoS
      gene reported previously (Surin et al., J. Bacteriol. 157:772-778, 1984; Magota
      et al., J. Bacteriol. 157:909-917, 1984), this study completes the nucleotide
      sequence of the phosphate-specific transport region. The complete sequence
      (including phoS) contains five open reading frames oriented in the same
      direction, each preceded by a putative ribosome-binding site near the presumed
      translation initiation codon ATG. The complete sequence is transcribed
      counterclockwise, in the order phoS pstC pstA pstB phoU. Genetic complementation
      shows that of the four open reading frames in the new sequence, three correspond
      to known mutant alleles; the fourth, which was designated pstC, has not been
      described before and could not be related to any known mutant allele. We have
      confirmed that pstA was allelic to phoT32. The pstC, pstB, and phoU gene products
      were identified as peripheral membrane proteins. The pstA gene product appears to
      be an integral membrane protein.

PMID- 3881387
TI  - Structural modifications in the peptidoglycan of Escherichia coli associated with
      changes in the state of growth of the culture.
AB  - By determining the composition in muropeptides of the murein of a number of
      strains of Escherichia coli, purified from cells at various states of growth, the
      sacculus was found to be considerably modified when cells stop active growth.
      Murein from resting cells becomes hypercross-linked and richer in covalently
      bound lipoprotein, whereas the mean length of the glycan chains is considerably
      reduced. The alteration of the sacculus occurs progressively during the
      transitions from active growth to stationary phase and vice versa.

PMID- 3881388
TI  - Location of some proteins involved in peptidoglycan synthesis and cell division
      in the inner and outer membranes of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Inner and outer membranes of Escherichia coli were separated by isopycnic
      centrifugation in sucrose gradients and analyzed for the presence of penicillin
      binding proteins. All penicillin-binding proteins--except penicillin-binding
      protein 3, which is found almost exclusively in the cytoplasmic membrane and is
      involved in septum formation--are also found in gradient fractions corresponding
      to the outer membrane. Our results support the hypothesis that approximately half
      of the total amount of penicillin-binding proteins may be sacculus-located
      proteins linked to the outer membrane, probably through peptidoglycan bridges.

PMID- 3881389
TI  - Both linked and unlinked mutations can alter the intracellular site of synthesis
      of exported proteins of Escherichia coli.
AB  - It previously has been demonstrated that synthesis of the periplasmic maltose
      binding protein (MBP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) of Eschericha coli
      predominantly occurs on membrane-bound polysomes. In this study, signal sequence
      alterations that adversely affect export of MBP and AP, resulting in their
      cytoplasmic accumulation as unprocessed precursors, were investigated to
      determine whether they have an effect on the intracellular site of synthesis of
      these proteins. Our findings indicate that export-defective MBP and AP are not
      synthesized or are synthesized in greatly reduced levels on membrane-bound
      polysomes. In some instances, a concomitant increase in the amount of these
      proteins synthesized on free polysomes was clearly discerned. We also determined
      the site of synthesis of MBP and AP in strains harboring mutations thought to
      alter the cellular secretion machinery. It was found that the presence of a prlA
      suppressor allele partially restored synthesis of export-defective MBP on
      membrane-bound polysomes. On the other hand, the absence of a functional SecA
      protein resulted in the synthesis of wild-type MBP and AP predominantly on free
      polysomes.

PMID- 3881390
TI  - Identification of five new essential genes involved in the synthesis of a
      secreted protein in Escherichia coli.
AB  - To define additional components of the export machinery of Escherichia coli, I
      have isolated extragenic suppressors of a mutant [secA(Ts)] that is temperature
      sensitive for growth and secretion at 37 degrees C. Suppressors that restored
      growth at 37 degrees C, but that rendered the cell cold sensitive for growth at
      28 degrees C, were obtained. The suppressor mutations fall into at least seven
      loci, two of which (prlA and secC) have been previously implicated in protein
      secretion. The five remaining loci (ssaD, ssaE, ssaF, ssaG, and ssaH) have been
      mapped by P1 transduction and appear to define new genes in E. coli. All of the
      suppressor mutations allow both enhanced growth and protein secretion of the
      secA(Ts) mutant at 37 degrees C, but not 42 degrees C, indicating a continued
      requirement for SecA protein. Strains carrying solely the cold-sensitive
      mutations show reduced levels of certain periplasmic proteins when grown at low
      temperatures. In at least one case, that of maltose-binding protein, this defect
      is at the level of synthesis of the protein. Since mutants in any of seven genes
      as well as secA amber mutants halt or reduce the synthesis of an exported
      protein, it appears that E. coli may possess a general and complex mechanism for
      coupling protein synthesis and secretion.

PMID- 3881391
TI  - Heterologous repressor-operator recognition among four classes of tetracycline
      resistance determinants.
AB  - Homologous and heterologous repressor-operator interactions among four different
      classes of tetracycline resistance determinants have been compared. These are
      represented by RP1/Tn1721 (class A), R222/Tn10 (class B), pSC101/pBR322 (class
      C), and RA1 (class D). By the use of the purified repressor proteins of class A
      (TetRA) and class B (TetRB), operator sequences of all four classes are
      recognized by both with an identical stoichiometry of four repressor subunits per
      control sequence, but with different affinities. In vitro transcription has been
      used to demonstrate regulatory activities of TetRA and TetRB upon all four
      classes of tet genes. Tetracycline acted as an inducer. A functional relationship
      among the tet regulatory systems was also shown in vivo by complementation of a
      class A tetR'-galK fusion mutant with the tetR genes of classes A, B, and C.
      Repression of tetRA-linked galactokinase was ca. 80% in the presence of tetRA or
      tetRC, and ca. 50% in the presence of tetRB. Taken together, these results
      demonstrate heterologous repressor-operator interaction, suggesting close
      relationships among the four classes of Tcr determinants.

PMID- 3881392
TI  - Fine structure analysis of Salmonella typhimurium glutamate synthase genes.
AB  - Glutamate synthase activity is required for the growth of Salmonella typhimurium
      on media containing a growth-rate-limiting nitrogen source. Mutations that alter
      glutamate synthase activity had been identified in the gltB gene, but it was not
      known which of the two nonidentical subunits of the enzyme was altered. To
      examine the gene-protein relationship of the glt region, two nonsense mutations
      were identified and used to demonstrate that gltB encodes the large subunit of
      the enzyme. Six strains with independent Mu cts d1 (lac bla) insertions were
      isolated, from which a collection of deletion mutations was obtained. The
      deletions were transduced with the nonsense mutations and 38 other glt point
      mutations to construct a fine-structure genetic map. Chromosome mobilization
      studies, mediated by Hfr derivatives of Mu cts d1 lysogens, showed that gltB is
      transcribed in a clockwise direction, as shown in the S. typhimurium linkage map.
      Studies of the polar effects of three Mu cts d1 insertions indicated that the
      gene for the small subunit maps clockwise to gltB and that the two genes are
      cotranscribed to form a glt operon.

PMID- 3881393
TI  - Antisuppressor mutation in Escherichia coli defective in biosynthesis of 5
      methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine.
AB  - Mutations in three Escherichia coli K-12 genes were isolated that reduce the
      efficiency of the lysine-inserting nonsense suppressor supL. These antisuppressor
      mutations asuD, asuE, and asuF map at 61.9, 25.3, and 76.3 min, respectively, on
      the E. coli chromosome. Biochemical and genetic analysis of the mutant strains
      revealed the reason for the antisuppressor phenotype for two of these genes. The
      activity of lysyl-tRNA synthetase was reduced in strains with asuD mutations. The
      modification of 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine, the wobble base of tRNALys,
      was impaired in asuE mutant strains, presumably at the 2-thiolation step.

PMID- 3881394
TI  - Protein synthesis during transition and stationary phases under glucose
      limitation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Metabolic changes have been investigated during continuous growth of yeast cells
      inoculated in glucose-containing medium until the cells entered the stationary
      phase in response to glucose exhaustion. Well in advance of glucose exhaustion, a
      transition phase was observed, characterized by a decrease in the growth rate and
      a progressive reduction of protein and RNA accumulation. Two-dimensional gel
      analysis of the proteins synthesized during this stage showed that the pattern of
      proteins remained similar to that of log-phase cells. When the cells entered the
      stationary phase, protein accumulation was 10% of that in log-phase cells, and
      incorporation of labeled RNA precursor was undetectable. Analysis of protein
      synthesis gave evidence that the synthesis of 95% of the proteins present in log
      phase cells was arrested in stationary-phase cells. Among the 20 proteins whose
      synthesis continues throughout the stationary phase were identified actin,
      aldehyde dehydrogenase, enolase, hexokinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase, and five heat shock proteins. In addition, the synthesis of six
      new proteins was observed. The occurrence of these new proteins in stationary
      phase cells is presumed to result from the release of carbon catabolite
      repression due to glucose exhaustion.

PMID- 3881395
TI  - Glycine betaine transport in Escherichia coli: osmotic modulation.
AB  - Exogenous glycine betaine highly stimulates the growth rate of various members of
      the Enterobacteriaceae, including Escherichia coli, in media with high salt
      concentrations (D. Le Rudulier and L. Bouillard, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 46:152
      159, 1983). In a nitrogen- and carbon-free medium, glycine betaine did not
      support the growth of E. coli either on low-salt or high-salt media. This
      molecule was taken up by the cells but was not catabolized. High levels of
      glycine betaine transport occurred when the cells were grown in media of elevated
      osmotic strength, whereas relatively low activity was found when the cells were
      grown in minimal medium. A variety of electrolytes, such as NaCl, KCl, NaH2PO4,
      K2HPO4, K2SO4, and nonelectrolytes like sucrose, raffinose, and inositol
      triggered the uptake of glycine betaine. Furthermore, in cells subjected to a
      sudden osmotic upshock, glycine betaine uptake showed a sixfold stimulation 30
      min after the addition of NaCl. Part of this stimulation might be a consequence
      of protein synthesis. The transport of glycine betaine was energy dependent and
      occurred against a concentration gradient. 2,4-Dinitrophenol almost totally
      abolished the glycine betaine uptake. Azide and arsenate exerted only a small
      inhibition. In addition, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide had a very low inhibitory
      effect at 1 mM. These results indicated that glycine betaine transport is driven
      by the electrochemical proton gradient. The kinetics of glycine betaine entry
      followed the Michaelis-Menten relationship, yielding a Km of 35 microM and a Vmax
      of 42 nmol min-1 mg of protein-1. Glycine betaine transport showed considerable
      structural specificity. The only potent competitor was proline betaine when added
      to the assay mixtures at 20-fold the glycine betaine concentration. From these
      results, it is proposed that E. coli possesses an active and specific glycine
      betaine transport system which is regulated by the osmotic strength of the growth
      medium.

PMID- 3881396
TI  - Identification of pKM101-encoded loci specifying potentially lethal gene
      products.
AB  - Two pKM101-encoded loci (designated kilA and kilB) have been identified which
      elaborate products that are potentially lethal to the bacterial cell. The lethal
      effects of each of these products is inhibited by two other plasmid-encoded loci,
      designated korA and korB (for kil override). Both korA and korB are required to
      control the lethality of either kil gene. In the presence of korA and korB both
      kil genes have other phenotypes: kilB is necessary for conjugal transfer, whereas
      kilA is responsible for the small-colony morphology on defined media that is
      characteristic of pKM101-containing strains (the Slo phenotype).

PMID- 3881397
TI  - Transformation of Salmonella typhimurium with plasmid DNA: differences between
      rough and smooth strains.
AB  - Lipopolysaccharide-defective mutants of Salmonella typhimurium were transformed
      by plasmid DNA with a Ca2+ treatment method. Only those mutants with an Rc or Rd2
      chemotype, due to galE or rfaF mutations, respectively, gave efficiencies greater
      than 10(5) transformants per microgram of DNA, frequencies 8- to 630-fold higher
      than with smooth strains or other rough mutants.

PMID- 3881398
TI  - Cloning and characterization of the gene product of the form II ribulose-1,5
      bisphosphate carboxylase gene of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.
AB  - We report the cloning and characterization of the gene product of the gene for
      the form II ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.
      We present evidence that the form II enzyme is encoded by a single gene in R.
      sphaeroides; however, this gene does hybridize to a second chromosomal locus.

PMID- 3881399
TI  - Chemotactic signaling in filamentous cells of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Video techniques were used to record chemotactic responses of filamentous cells
      of Escherichia coli stimulated iontophoretically with aspartate. Long, nonseptate
      cells were produced from polyhook strains either by introducing a cell division
      mutation or by growth in the presence of cephalexin. Markers indicating rotation
      of flagellar motors were attached with anti-hook antibodies. Aspartate was
      applied by iontophoretic ejection from a micropipette, and the effects on the
      direction of rotation of the markers were measured. Motors near the pipette
      responded, whereas those sufficiently far away did not, even when the pipette was
      near the cell surface. The response of a given motor decreased as the pipette was
      moved away, but it did so less steeply when the pipette remained near the cell
      surface than when it was moved out into the external medium. This shows that
      there is an internal signal, but its range is short, only a few micrometers.
      These experiments rule out signaling by changes in membrane potential, by simple
      release or binding of a small molecule, or by diffusion of the receptor
      attractant complex. A likely candidate for the signal is a protein or ligand that
      is activated by the receptor and inactivated as it diffuses through the
      cytoplasm. The range of the signal was found to be substantially longer in a cheZ
      mutant, suggesting that the product of the cheZ gene contributes to this
      inactivation.

PMID- 3881400
TI  - Conjugation-mediated genetic exchange in Legionella pneumophila.
AB  - Genetic exchange mechanisms, to our knowledge, have not been reported for
      Legionella pneumophila, and consequently, studies on the genetic organization of
      L. pneumophila have not appeared in the literature. Here, we describe gene
      transfer mediated by broad host range conjugative plasmids in Legionella spp.
      Escherichia coli strains carrying plasmids RP1 and R68.45 (IncP1), S-a (IncW),
      and R40a (IncC), but not plasmids of incompatibility groups FI, FII, and FV,
      served as donors in matings with L. pneumophila Knoxville 1 (LPK-1).
      Transconjugants selected by resistance to kanamycin (RP1, R68.45, and S-a) and
      carbenicillin (R40a) were observed at frequencies of 6.6 X 10(-3), 4.7 X 10(-3),
      2.2 X 10(-4), and 5.4 X 10(-5), respectively. Plasmid transfer was not affected
      by DNase added to the mating medium. After plasmid transfer, LPK-1 stably
      maintained RP1, R68.45, and S-a, but not R40a. Plasmid-containing LPK-1 isolates
      also served as donors in agar plate matings with E. coli W1485-1 and naladixic
      acid-resistant mutants of LPK-1, Legionella micdadei, and Legionella longbeachii.
      Recombinational exchange of a chromosomal trait was demonstrated when a thymidine
      auxotroph of L. pneumophila was repaired by R68.45-mediated chromosomal
      mobilization of a prototrophic donor strain.

PMID- 3881401
TI  - Repressor for the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate regulon of Escherichia coli K-12:
      cloning of the glpR gene and identification of its product.
AB  - The glpR gene encoding the repressor for the glp regulon of Escherichia coli was
      cloned from a library of HindIII DNA fragments established in bacteriophage
      lambda. Phages harboring glpR were isolated by selection for sn-glycerol-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase function encoded by glpD, which is adjacent to glpR on
      the E. coli linkage map. Restriction endonuclease analysis and recloning of DNA
      fragments localized glpR to a 3-kilobase-pair EcoRI-SalI segment of DNA. Strains
      exhibiting constitutive expression of the glp operons were strongly repressed
      after introduction of multicopy plasmids containing the glpR gene. Analysis of
      proteins labeled in minicells harboring either glpR+ recombinant plasmids or a
      glpR::Tn5 derivative showed that the glpR gene product is a protein with an
      apparent molecular weight of 33,000.

PMID- 3881402
TI  - Cloning and characterization of a gene (fadR) involved in regulation of fatty
      acid metabolism in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The regulatory gene fadR has been previously characterized by classical genetic
      means as a diffusible protein which exerts negative control over fatty acid
      degradation and acetate metabolism. fadR has also been implicated in the
      regulation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. To facilitate the
      identification of the product of the fadR gene and to study the mechanism by
      which this multifunctional regulatory gene exerts its control, we cloned a
      segment of DNA containing the fadR gene in the phage vector lambda L47.
      Subsequent subcloning of a segment of the chromosomal DNA from the lambda fadR+
      phage into various plasmid vectors resulted in the isolation of the fadR gene on
      a 1.3-kilobase-pair HindIII-EcoRV fragment. fadR strains harboring the cloned
      fadR+ gene showed inducible levels of fatty acid oxidation and crotonase (enoyl
      coenzyme A-hydratase, fadB) activity. The cloned gene exerted transcriptional
      control over beta-galactosidase synthesis in an fadR strain that had a lambda phi
      (fad-lacZ+) operon fusion. An fadR mutation in fabA(Ts) strains prevents growth
      at permissive temperatures without unsaturated fatty acid supplementation (Nunn
      et al., J. Bacteriol. 154:554-560, 1983). Plasmids carrying the fadR+ gene
      suppress this unsaturated fatty acid auxotrophy in fadR fabA(Ts) strains at the
      permissive condition. Maxicell analysis identified a 29,000-dalton protein
      encoded by the 1.3-kilobase fragment which appeared to be associated with
      functional fadR gene activity.

PMID- 3881403
TI  - Alpha mating type-specific expression of mutations leading to constitutive
      agglutinability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Two mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been isolated and characterized. The
      mutants were constitutively agglutinable at 36 degrees C, the temperature at
      which wild-type cells agglutinate only after induction by mating pheromone. The
      mutant cells had other properties specific for the normal alpha cell type, i.e.,
      conjugation with a cells, response to a mating pheromone, and production of alpha
      mating pheromone. The two mutations, cag1 and cag2, were recessive and expressed
      only in alpha cells. cag1 is linked very closely to the MAT locus, but cag2 is
      unlinked to the MAT locus. These cag mutations complemented ste3-1. These results
      indicate that CAG genes are novel alpha-specific genes involved in the regulation
      of sex agglutinin synthesis.

PMID- 3881404
TI  - Repair of nonreplicating UV-irradiated DNA: cooperative dark repair by
      Escherichia coli uvr and phr functions.
AB  - The system previously used to study recombination of nonreplicating UV-irradiated
      phage lambda DNA was adapted to study UV repair. Irradiated phages infected
      undamaged homoimmune lysogens. Pyrimidine dimer content (by treatment with
      Micrococcus luteus UV endonuclease and alkaline sucrose sedimentation) and a
      biological activity endpoint (infectivity in transfection of uvrB recA recB
      spheroplasts) were followed. Unless room light was excluded during DNA extraction
      procedures, photoreactivation (Phr function) was significant. In uvr delta phr
      bacteria, repair, by both assays, was very low but not zero. Even when light was
      totally excluded, Phr function appeared to play a role in Uvr-mediated excision
      repair: both dimer removal and restoration of infectivity were two to five times
      as efficient in uvr+ phr+ bacteria as in uvr+ delta phr bacteria. Similarly, UV
      irradiated phages plated with higher efficiencies on phr+ than delta phr bacteria
      even under totally dark conditions. In uvr phr+ repressed infections, removal of
      dimers from nonreplicating DNA did not increase infectivity as much as in uvr+
      infections, suggesting a requirement for repair of nondimer photoproducts by the
      uvrABC system.

PMID- 3881405
TI  - Structural organization of a 67-kilobase streptococcal conjugative element
      mediating multiple antibiotic resistance.
AB  - The molecular organization of the conjugative cat-erm-tet region of Streptococcus
      agalactiae B109 was examined by cloning large contiguous portions of the strain
      B109 chromosome, using a cosmid vector system. The organization of this region
      was compared with pDP5, a plasmid which acquired this resistance element by
      transposition. Both the chromosomal copy and the transposed copy of the
      resistance region were found to be 67-kilobases long, although sequences at the
      boundary of the transposed copy of the element showed some rearrangement. In
      addition to the stable chromosomal state, we present evidence which suggests the
      presence of a circular form of the element.

PMID- 3881406
TI  - Characterization of a cis-acting regulatory mutation that maps at the distal end
      of the Escherichia coli glyA gene.
AB  - We have isolated a phage Mu cts-generated glyA mutant with only 30% of the normal
      level of serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity. Genetic and physical mapping
      studies show that Mu cts has inserted between the end of the glyA structural gene
      and its proposed transcription termination site. The mutation is cis acting and
      shows that sequences distal to the glyA structural gene play an important role in
      the expression of this gene.

PMID- 3881408
TI  - Separate resistances to arsenate and arsenite (antimonate) encoded by the
      arsenical resistance operon of R factor R773.
AB  - The arsenical resistance operon of R factor R773 was analyzed by subcloning and
      insertional inactivation. The operon was found to have two functional regions,
      the promoter-proximal region encoding resistance to arsenite and antimonate and
      the promoter-distal region encoding arsenate resistance. A unique 1.6-kilobase
      fragment was shown to be sufficient to encode arsenate resistance and produce
      arsenate extrusion from intact cells.

PMID- 3881407
TI  - Aerobactin genes in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The location of the aerobactin gene complex on either the chromosome or plasmid
      was determined in eight aerobactin-positive clinical isolates of Escherichia coli
      by Southern hybridization analysis, using as probes the cloned aerobactin genes
      from the ColV-K30 plasmid. The aerobactin genes were in two cases detected on
      large plasmids, whereas in the other strains the aerobactin genes are most likely
      located on the chromosome. Restriction mapping revealed only slight variations in
      the structural genes and an at least 3.4-kilobase-long upstream region conserved
      in all three plasmid-coded systems. A 7.7-kilobase HindIII fragment upstream and
      adjacent to the 16.3-kilobase HindIII fragment carrying the complete aerobactin
      system was cloned from the ColV-K30 plasmid. Fine-structure restriction mapping
      identified the left insertion sequence in the upstream region as IS1, in inverted
      orientation to the IS1 element downstream from the aerobactin operon. The
      upstream and downstream sequences of IS1 appear to have perfect homology, as
      indicated by S1 nuclease resistance of a 760-base-pair DNA duplex formed by both
      IS1 elements.

PMID- 3881409
TI  - Identity of the photoproduct that causes lacI mutations in UV-irradiated
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Estimates of the capacity of photoreactivation to act specifically on
      premutational lesions were obtained by conjugational transfer of an F' lac
      plasmid from a UV-irradiated, photoreactivated donor to a delta (pro-lac)
      recipient that had been UV irradiated and allowed to induce SOS functions for 30
      min. This treatment reduced the frequency of induced lacI mutations by 70 to 80%,
      indicating that cyclobutane dimers cause most mutations in this system.

PMID- 3881410
TI  - Expression of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae photolyase gene in Escherichia coli.
AB  - A 3.3-kilobase PvuII fragment carrying the PHR1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      has been cloned into an Escherichia coli expression vector and introduced into E.
      coli strains deficient in DNA photolyase. Complementation of the E. coli phr-1
      mutation was observed, strongly suggesting that the yeast PHR1 gene encodes a DNA
      photolyase.

PMID- 3881411
TI  - Interaction of UAG suppressors and omnipotent suppressors in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - Haploids bearing the dominant UAG suppressor, SUP7-a, and various alleles of the
      omnipotent suppressor sup35 were examined. The presence of the UAG suppressor
      reduced the efficiency of some alleles of sup35, and caused other sup35 alleles
      to be lethal. A nonclassical interaction of the dominant suppressor tRNA and the
      ribosome is proposed to explain these observations.

PMID- 3881412
TI  - Characterization of a tetraploid derivative of Candida albicans ATCC 10261.
AB  - A morphometric analysis of Candida albicans yeast cells utilizing scanning
      electron microscopy showed that the cell volume and the DNA content of a
      tetraploid strain (derived by cell fusion) were 2.4 to 3.0 and 2.0 times,
      respectively, those of the progenitor diploid strain, ATCC 10261. The
      pathogenicities of both strains were similar.

PMID- 3881413
TI  - Molecular cloning and expression of the xylanase gene of alkalophilic Bacillus
      sp. strain C-125 in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The gene for xylanase A of alkalophilic Bacillus sp. strain C-125 was cloned in
      Escherichia coli with pBR322. The plasmid pCX311 contained 2.6- and 2.0-kilobase
      pair HindIII fragments. The characteristics of the purified pCX311-encoded
      xylanase were the same as those of purified xylanase A from alkalophilic Bacillus
      sp. strain C-125.

PMID- 3881414
TI  - Thioredoxin is the bacterial protein encoded by fip that is required for
      filamentous bacteriophage f1 assembly.
AB  - Escherichia coli mutants defective in the fip gene contain reduced levels of
      thioredoxin activity. F' derivatives of trxA mutants failed to support f1 growth,
      although suppressors of an amber trxA mutation restored both thioredoxin activity
      and the Fip+ phenotype. Plasmids carrying the trxA gene restored the Fip+
      phenotype to fip strains.

PMID- 3881415
TI  - Autogenous posttranscriptional regulation of RNA polymerase beta and beta'
      subunit synthesis in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Bacterial strains carrying poorly suppressed amber mutations in the RNA
      polymerase beta subunit gene (rpoB) exhibit regulatory compensation. This
      compensation allows these strains to produce an adequate content of RNA
      polymerase to support a near normal rate of growth despite the poorly suppressed
      amber mutation. The primary compensatory mechanism permitting the elevated
      expression functions by permitting a much more efficient (up to threefold)
      loading of ribosomes at the beta cistron translation initiation site on the mRNA.
      This result supports the concept that the production of beta and beta' RNA
      polymerase subunits are autogenously regulated at the level of mRNA translation;
      this translational mechanism is clearly distinct from the transcriptional
      mechanism regulating beta and beta' expression described previously (P. P.
      Dennis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74:5416-5420, 1977).

PMID- 3881416
TI  - prlA-mediated suppression of signal sequence mutations is modulated by the secA
      gene product of Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - We studied the dependence of prlA-mediated suppression of signal sequence
      mutations in maltose-binding protein on cellular SecA levels in Escherichia coli.
      Reduction of SecA levels within the cell had strong positive and negative effects
      on prlA-mediated suppression, depending on the particular signal sequence
      mutations involved. This finding suggests that prlA and secA gene products are
      both components of a common export system.

PMID- 3881417
TI  - Dexamethasone suppression test: a review of contemporary confusion.
AB  - Reasons for the current controversy and confusion about the dexamethasone
      suppression test (DST) are reviewed, and basic axioms regarding use and
      interpretation of the test are reiterated. Problems with reliability and validity
      of current diagnostic systems limit their use as "gold standards" for evaluating
      the DST; accurate evaluation must await follow-up and treatment response studies.
      Interpretation of DST results in specific patients requires common sense,
      consideration of the clinical context, and attention to technical factors. While
      its ultimate significance is not yet known, the DST, like other laboratory tests,
      may help to resolve uncertainty in clinical diagnosis. Perhaps most important, it
      may help to refine current paradigms for psychiatric nosology and diagnosis.

PMID- 3881418
TI  - Trimipramine in physical illness with depression.
AB  - To assess whether tricyclic antidepressants are useful in patients with a serious
      physical disorder who develop symptoms of major depression, 42 medically ill
      outpatients who met RDC criteria for endogenous major depression and had a Raskin
      depression score of at least 7 were studied. The patients were randomly assigned
      to a 6-week trial of trimipramine or placebo under double-blind conditions. In
      the placebo group, depressive symptoms improved when the physical disorder
      improved; in the trimipramine group, improvement was seen in the depressive
      symptoms even when there was no concomitant improvement in physical condition.

PMID- 3881419
TI  - Endothelial cell prostacyclin production induced by activated neutrophils.
AB  - A bovine aortic endothelial cell (EC) line released prostacyclin (greater than 1
      pmol/10(+5) EC cells) when incubated with fMet-Leu-Phe (FMLP)-stimulated rat and
      human neutrophils (PMNs). This prostaglandin (PG) I2 was shown to come from the
      ECs and not from the PMNs by radioactive, high-performance liquid chromatography,
      and immunochemical criteria. Both FMLP-stimulated rat peritoneal and human
      peripheral PMNs as well as their stimulated cell-free supernatants and
      unstimulated sonicates could elicit the release of PGI2 from ECs. Since phorbol
      myristate acetate stimulated PMN adherence but elicited little PGI2 release from
      ECs, the PGI2 stimulation in ECs is unrelated to PMN adhesion. The addition of
      catalase and superoxide dismutase to FMLP-stimulated PMNs enhanced rather than
      reduced PGI2 formation, indicating that activated oxygen products of the PMN are
      not responsible for the induction of PGI2. Incubation of ECs with leukotriene
      (LT) B4, LTC4, or LTD4 did not trigger PGI2 release nor did aspirin pretreatment
      of the PMNs reduce the PGI2 induction. These data suggest that arachidonic acid
      metabolites of the PMNs were not responsible for the PGI2 induction. Available
      data indicates that the PMN factor that stimulates PGI2 from ECs is either
      released concomitantly with the azurophilic granules or is closely related to
      this event.

PMID- 3881420
TI  - Characterization of chicken skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase. Evidence
      for muscle-specific isozymes.
AB  - Myosin light chain kinase purified from chicken white skeletal muscle (Mr =
      150,000) was significantly larger than both rabbit skeletal (Mr = 87,000) and
      chicken gizzard smooth (Mr = 130,000) muscle myosin light chain kinases, as
      determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Km and
      Vmax values with rabbit or chicken skeletal, bovine cardiac, and chicken gizzard
      smooth muscle myosin P-light chains were very similar for the chicken and rabbit
      skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinases. In contrast, comparable Km and Vmax
      data for the chicken gizzard smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase showed that
      this enzyme was catalytically very different from the two skeletal muscle
      kinases. Affinity-purified antibodies to rabbit skeletal muscle myosin light
      chain kinase cross-reacted with chicken skeletal muscle myosin light chain
      kinase, but the titer of cross-reacting antibodies was approximately 20-fold less
      than the anti-rabbit skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase titer. There was
      no detectable antibody cross-reactivity against chicken gizzard myosin light
      chain kinase. Proteolytic digestion followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or high performance liquid chromatography
      showed that these enzymes are structurally very different with few, if any,
      overlapping peptides. These data suggest that, although chicken skeletal muscle
      myosin light chain kinase is catalytically very similar to rabbit skeletal muscle
      myosin light chain kinase, the two enzymes have different primary sequences. The
      two skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinases appear to be more similar to each
      other than either is to chicken gizzard smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase.

PMID- 3881421
TI  - Structures of glycosphingolipids isolated from human granulocytes. The presence
      of a series of linear poly-N-acetyllactosaminylceramide and its significance in
      glycolipids of whole blood cells.
AB  - Structures of glycolipids isolated from human granulocytes were elucidated by
      fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, methylation analysis, and exo- and
      endoglycosidase treatment. All neutral glycolipids, with saccharide residues
      ranging from 2 to 10, were found to have linear N-acetyllactosaminyl backbones.
      The majority of neutral glycolipids contain one or two fucosyl residues attached
      to N-acetylglucosamine residues through the Fuc alpha 1----3 linkage and were
      reactive with the monoclonal antibody specific to Gal beta 1----4(Fuc alpha 1---
      3)GlcNAc, the Lex structure. Their general structure can be expressed as follows:
      (formula; see text) where n = 0-3. Glycolipids containing sialic acid
      (gangliosides) were also found to have linear N-acetyllactosaminyl backbones with
      sialic acid joined to this backbone by either alpha 2----3 or alpha 2----6
      linkage. The gangliosides have the following general structure: (formula; see
      text) where n = 0-3. The ceramide was composed of sphingosine with d18:1 as the
      long-chain base and C16:0 (as a major component) or C24:1 (as a minor component)
      fatty acid. Analysis of glycolipids isolated from granulocytes, erythrocytes, and
      whole blood cells revealed that, among the glycolipids prepared from the whole
      blood cells, dihexaosylceramide, lactoneotetraosylceramide, and the above
      described linear lactoneo series neutral glycolipids are present in granulocytes
      but barely present in erythrocytes.

PMID- 3881422
TI  - Biochemical characterization of halorhodopsin in native membranes.
AB  - Procedures are described for selectively radiolabeling the protein moiety
      (haloopsin) or the chromophoric prosthestic group (retinal) of the light-driven
      chloride pump halorhodopsin in intact cells of Halobacterium halobium. By sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autofluorography, two
      retinal-binding polypeptides are observed to band near the known molecular weight
      of the halorhodopsin chromophoric polypeptide (25,000). Synthesis of one of these
      polypeptides is controlled by retinal and is sufficient for generation of
      complete halorhodopsin function. The other is constitutively produced by the
      cells and differs chemically from the haloopsin protein as indicated by
      differences in their V8 protease digestion patterns. V8 protease cleavage of
      haloopsin in its native membrane is compared with that of the protein in
      denaturing and nondenaturing detergents. Protease cleavage sites available in the
      denatured haloopsin molecule are hidden in its native membrane-integrated
      conformation and in nondenaturing detergent micelles. Treatment with a variety of
      proteases indicates susceptibility of a short terminal region of the haloopsin
      chain in its native conformation.

PMID- 3881423
TI  - Identity of neutral alpha-glucosidase AB and the glycoprotein processing enzyme
      glucosidase II. Biochemical and genetic studies.
AB  - We have previously partially purified, characterized, and chromosomally mapped a
      human isozyme of alpha-glucosidase which is active at neutral pH. This isozyme
      appears as a doublet of enzyme activity on native gel electrophoresis and was
      termed neutral alpha-glucosidase AB. We now report genetic and biochemical
      evidence that neutral alpha-glucosidase AB is synonymous with the glycoprotein
      processing enzyme glucosidase II. We have found that a mutant mouse lymphoma line
      which is deficient in glucosidase II is also deficient in neutral alpha
      glucosidase AB, as defined electrophoretically and quantitatively (less than 0.5%
      of parental). In contrast, both mutant and parental cell lines exhibited several
      lysosomal hydrolases which are processed by glucosidase II. We have also further
      purified the human neutral alpha-glucosidase A component of neutral alpha
      glucosidase AB 740-fold from placenta in order to compare its biochemical
      properties with those described for rat liver and pig kidney glucosidase II. Both
      glucosidase II and neutral alpha-glucosidase AB are high-molecular mass (greater
      than 200,000 dalton) anionic glycoproteins which bind to concanavalin A, have a
      broad pH optima (5.5-8.5), and have a similar Km for maltose (4.8 versus 2.1 mM)
      and the artificial substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (35
      versus 19 microM). Similar to human neutral alpha-glucosidase AB, purified rat
      glucosidase II migrates as a doublet of enzyme activity on native gel
      electrophoresis. Although rat glucosidase II has been reported to have a subunit
      size of 67 kDa, pig glucosidase II has been found to have a subunit size of 100
      kDa, like the 98-kDa major protein in purified human neutral alpha-glucosidase A.
      Although we have not demonstrated that neutral alpha-glucosidase AB is microsomal
      nor that it hydrolyzes the natural substrate of glucosidase II, we believe that
      the genetic evidence is compelling for and the biochemical data consistent with
      the hypothesis that neutral alpha-glucosidase AB and glucosidase II are
      synonymous. These and previous results would localize glucosidase II to the long
      arm of human chromosome II.

PMID- 3881424
TI  - Regulation of expression of the ADE3 gene for yeast C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase,
      a trifunctional enzyme involved in one-carbon metabolism.
AB  - C1-THF (5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate) synthase is a trifunctional protein catalyzing
      the sequential reactions specified by the enzymes 10-formyl-THF synthetase (EC
      6.3.4.3), 5,10-methenyl-THF cyclohydrolase (EC 3.5.4.9), and 5,10-methylene-THF
      dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.5). These three activities supply the activated one
      carbon units required for the biosynthesis of purines, thymidylate, the amino
      acids histidine and methionine, the vitamin pantothenic acid, and the formyl
      group of mitochondrial fMet-tRNAfMet. Extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae whose
      growth is dependent on the three activities of C1-THF synthase contain 2-3 times
      the level of enzyme activity of extracts from cells grown under conditions where
      they are independent of this enzyme. Repression of C1-THF synthase activity
      requires the simultaneous presence of adenine, histidine, methionine, and
      pantothenic acid. Starvation of the cells for any one of these nutrients leads to
      derepression of the enzyme. Drug-induced folate starvation also leads to
      derepression of enzyme activity. The response to changing nutritional conditions
      occurs within 1 h and is due to changes in the steady-state concentration of C1
      THF synthase enzyme, rather than to activation or deactivation of a pre-existing
      pool of enzyme. Determination of the amount of C1-THF synthase mRNA under the
      various growth conditions by an in vitro translation/immunoprecipitation assay
      indicates that regulation of the enzyme occurs predominantly at a
      pretranslational level since steady-state levels of C1-THF synthase mRNA are 2-3
      fold higher in derepressed cells than in repressed cells.

PMID- 3881425
TI  - Branch specificity of bovine colostrum CMP-sialic acid: N-acetyllactosaminide
      alpha 2----6-sialyltransferase. Interaction with biantennary oligosaccharides and
      glycopeptides of N-glycosylproteins.
AB  - By use of 500-MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy, the branch specificity of bovine colostrum
      CMP-NeuAc:Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc-R alpha 2----6-sialyltransferase towards a
      biantennary glycopeptide and oligosaccharides of the N-acetyllactosamine type,
      differing in completeness and structure of their core portion, was investigated.
      In agreement with earlier reports (Van den Eijnden, D. H., Joziasse, D. H.,
      Dorland, L., Van Halbeek H., Vliegenthart, J. F. G., and Schmid, K. (1980)
      Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 92, 839-845), it appears that the enzyme strongly
      prefers the galactosyl residue at the Man alpha 1----3Man branch of the
      biantennary glycopeptide for attachment of the first sialic acid residue. This
      branch specificity is fully preserved with the structure (formula; see text)
      Reduction of the reducing N-acetylglucosaminyl residue in this structure,
      however, leads to a decreased branch specificity, whereas removal of this residue
      results in a random attachment of sialic acid to the galactoses at both branches.
      The decrease in branch specificity is accompanied by a reduction in the rate of
      sialic acid transfer to the galactose at the alpha 1----3 branch. Our results
      indicate that the presence of the aforementioned N-acetylglucosaminyl residue is
      a minimal structural requirement for branch specificity of the sialyltransferase.
      We propose that in the interaction of the sialyltransferase with its substrates,
      this N-acetylglucosaminyl residue functions as a recognition site mediating the
      correct positioning of the substrate on the enzyme.

PMID- 3881426
TI  - Purification and properties of a predominantly female-specific protein from the
      hemolymph of the larva of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta.
AB  - A major serum protein was isolated from the hemolymph of larvae of the female
      tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, just prior to metamorphosis. After 3 or 4 days,
      this predominantly female-specific protein is rapidly cleared from the hemolymph
      and taken up and stored by the fat body. This larval serum protein was purified
      by density gradient ultracentrifugation, gel permeation, and ion-exchange
      chromatography. The purified protein exhibits a single band on native gel
      electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      Chemical cross-linking with dimethylsuberimidate indicates a hexameric subunit
      arrangement for the native protein. The amino acid composition, relatively rich
      in methionine but poor in cysteine, was used to calculate a v = 0.75 cm3/g.
      Analytical ultracentrifugation experiments yielded S020,w = 16.9 S and D020,w =
      3.23 X 10(-7) cm2/s. From these values Mr = 510,000, f/f0 = 1.22, and Stokes
      radius = 66.3 A were calculated. Immunoblotting experiments with anti-larval
      serum protein serum indicate a cross-reactivity with storage protein-1 of Bombyx
      mori. The amino acid composition and immunological data suggest that larval serum
      protein may be an example of a class of insect storage proteins distinct from the
      arylphorins, which are characterized by high content of aromatic amino acids.

PMID- 3881427
TI  - The amino acid sequence of Acanthamoeba profilin.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of Acanthamoeba profilin was determined by
      aligning tryptic, chymotryptic, thermolysin, and Staphylococcus aureus V8
      protease peptides together with the partial NH2-terminal sequences of the
      tryptophan-cleavage products. Acanthamoeba profilin contains 125 amino acid
      residues, is NH2-terminally blocked, and has trimethyllysine at position 103. At
      five positions in the sequence two amino acids were identified indicating that
      the amoebae express at least two slightly different profilins. Charged residues
      are unevenly distributed, the NH2-terminal half being very hydrophobic and the
      COOH-terminal half being especially rich in basic residues. Comparison of the
      Acanthamoeba profilin sequence with that of calf spleen profilin (Nystrom, L. E.,
      Lindberg, U., Kendrick-Jones, J., and Jakes, R. (1979) FEBS Lett. 101, 161-165)
      reveals homology in the NH2-terminal region. We suggest, therefore, that this
      region participates in the actin-binding activity.

PMID- 3881428
TI  - Covalent modification of the recA protein from Escherichia coli with the
      photoaffinity label 8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate.
AB  - We have covalently modified the recA protein from Escherichia coli with the
      photoaffinity ATP analog 8-azido-[alpha-32P]ATP (N3-ATP). Covalent attachment of
      N3-ATP to recA protein is dependent on native protein conformation and is shown
      to be specific for the site of ATP hydrolysis by the following criteria. (i)
      Binding of the probe to recA protein is inhibited by ATP and competitive
      inhibitors of its ATP hydrolytic activity, e.g. adenosine 5'-O
      (thiotriphosphate), ADP, and UTP, but not by adenosine; (ii) N3-ATP is
      efficiently hydrolyzed by recA protein in the presence of single-stranded DNA;
      (iii) labeling of recA protein occurs at a single site as judged by two
      dimensional thin-layer peptide mapping and high-performance liquid chromatography
      peptide separation. We have purified and identified a tryptic fragment, spanning
      amino acid residues 257-280, which contains the primary site of attachment of N3
      ATP. This peptide is likely to be contained within the ATP hydrolytic site of
      recA protein.

PMID- 3881429
TI  - The interaction between initiation factor 3 and 30 S ribosomal subunits studied
      by high-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - The interaction between Escherichia coli translational initiation factor 3 (IF-3)
      (Mr = 20668) and 30 S ribosomal subunits or fragmented 16 S rRNA was followed by
      1H NMR spectroscopy. Upon addition of increasing yet largely substoichiometric
      amounts of deuterated 30 S ribosomal subunits, selective line broadenings and
      some chemical shift changes were observed. These effects can be fully reversed by
      increasing the temperature and/or the ionic strength. The selective line
      broadenings, which are explained by a medium-fast to fast exchange dynamics
      between free and bound IF-3 with loss of internal mobility of the protons, shed
      light on the amino acid residues of IF-3 involved in or affected by the binding
      to the 30 S subunits. Some effects (i.e. implication of 1 tyrosine, 1
      phenylalanine, and some arginine and lysine residues) are seen with both 30 S
      subunits and rRNA while others (i.e. implication of a second tyrosine or
      phenylalanine residue of a group of hydrophobic residues and, possibly, of the
      single histidine residue), seen only or preferentially with 30 S subunits, may
      reflect additional interactions exclusively occurring at the ribosomal level.

PMID- 3881430
TI  - Isolation of altered recA polypeptides and interaction with ATP and DNA.
AB  - In this paper we describe the partial proteolytic digestion of recA proteins from
      Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis and the production and isolation of
      truncated recA polypeptides. A proteolytic fragment of the P. mirabilis recA
      protein bound single-strand DNA and ATP normally but has altered duplex DNA
      binding properties. This protein was shown to initiate but not complete DNA
      strand transfer from a DNA duplex to a complementary single strand. The product
      of the E. coli recA1 allele bound but could not hydrolyze ATP and the protein
      bound single-strand but not double-strand DNA. This protein did not appear to
      initiate the transfer of a strand from a linear duplex to a single-strand circle
      and inhibited the wild-type recA protein from performing strand transfer. We
      report that recA protein binds linear duplex DNA in a manner that enhances the
      rate of ligation by T4 DNA ligase. When heterologous single-strand DNA was added
      in addition to the duplex DNA large stable aggregates of protein and DNA were
      formed that could easily be sedimented from solution.

PMID- 3881431
TI  - Two partially homologous adjacent light-inducible maize chloroplast genes
      encoding polypeptides of the P700 chlorophyll a-protein complex of photosystem I.
AB  - The maize chloroplast chromosome contains two light-inducible genes, ps1A1 and
      ps1A2, that code for 45% homologous polypeptides of 83.2 and 82.5 kDa designated
      A1 and A2, respectively. Two types of immunochemical evidence show that the
      upstream gene, ps1A1, codes for a P700 chlorophyll a-protein at the reaction
      center of photosystem I of the photosynthetic apparatus. Antibodies against a
      synthetic peptide with a sequence deduced from the DNA sequence of an unconserved
      segment of A1 react with polypeptides of P700 chlorophyll-protein (CPI) complexes
      of maize and pea photosystem I; antibodies prepared against barley CPI
      immunoprecipitate products of in vitro transcription and translation directed by
      cloned chloroplast DNA containing this gene. The extensive homology between maize
      polypeptides A1 and A2 suggests that both may be components of CPI, although CPI
      has been generally considered to be comprised of two molecules of a single
      protein of only 66 to 70 kDa. The hexapeptide Asp-Pro-Thr-Thr-Arg-Arg in A2 is
      also present in another chlorophyll protein, the P680 chlorophyll a-protein of
      photosystem II, and is partially duplicated in A1. The number and locations of
      histidyl residues, which have been suggested to serve in chlorophyll binding, are
      highly conserved between A1 and A2.

PMID- 3881432
TI  - RNA polymerase. Direct evidence for two active sites involved in transcription.
AB  - The [alpha-32P]3'-azido-3'-deoxyxylofuranosyl analogues of 5'-ATP and 5'-GTP were
      used as photoaffinity probes to derivatize two distinctly different active sites
      of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase obtained from Escherichia coli. The sites
      derivatized by these probes are both located on the beta subunit. Radioactive 32P
      containing cyanogen bromide peptides produced from the derivatized beta subunits
      were observed to give either one of two distinct patterns by high pressure liquid
      chromatography or TLC analysis. These sites are used alternately for the
      synthesis of successive phosphodiester bonds. These results support our
      rotational translocation model for transcription.

PMID- 3881433
TI  - Affinity labeling of dihydrofolate reductase with an antifolate glyoxal.
AB  - Dihydrofolate reductases from different species contain several highly conserved
      arginines, some of which have been shown by x-ray crystallography to have their
      guanido groups near the p-aminobenzoyl glutamate moiety of enzyme-bound
      methotrexate. The orientation of one of these (Arg-52) appears to be completely
      reversed in comparing the crystal structures of Escherichia coli with
      Lactobacillus casei enzyme (Bolin, J. T., Filman, D. J., Matthews, D. A., Hamlin,
      R. C., and Kraut, J. (1982). J. Biol. Chem. 257, 13650-13662). We synthesized a
      novel antifolate containing a glyoxal group designed to react specifically with
      active-site guanido groups which are able to approach the p-aminobenzoyl carbonyl
      of methotrexate. The binding of this compound to the enzyme was competitive with
      dihydrofolate (DHF) in ordinary buffers. In borate buffer at pH 8.0 it
      inactivated dihydrofolate reductases from both E. coli and L. casei at similar
      maximum rates, while the chicken liver enzyme was more slowly inactivated. The
      inactivation was stoichiometric, paralleled the loss of the glyoxal chromophore,
      and showed saturation kinetics. Inhibitor binding and thus inactivation was
      enhanced by NADPH, while DHF protected the enzyme. This allowed calculation of
      the Kd for DHF which was found to be identical with its Km. The
      stoichiometrically inactivated enzyme displayed the 340-nm chromophore
      characteristic of 4-aminopteridines bound to dihydrofolate reductase confirming
      active-site labeling with normal orientation of the ligand. The ligand remained
      covalently bound to inactivated enzyme upon denaturation at low pH but
      dissociated at neutral pH. Computer graphic modeling of the crystal structures
      predicted reaction of Arg-31 but not Arg-52 in L. casei dihydrofolate reductase
      and of only Arg-52 in the E. coli enzyme. Purification of the CNBr fragments from
      the inactivated enzymes gave a single labeled peptide for each species. The
      particular peptide tagged in each case was unaffected by the presence of NADPH
      and was in excellent agreement with the crystallographic predictions.

PMID- 3881434
TI  - Precursor of beta-lactamase is enzymatically inactive. Accumulation of the
      preprotein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Synthesis and properties of the bacterial precursor of beta-lactamase
      (E.C.3.5.2.6) were studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformants. A protease
      deficient yeast mutant was transformed with the plasmid pADH040-2 conferring high
      expression of the bla gene. Besides precisely processed beta-lactamase,
      transformed yeast cells contained mainly bla precursor up to the amount of 2% of
      total cellular protein. The precursor was shown to be synthesized on free
      polysomes in vivo but could be processed with rough microsomal membranes in a
      cell-free translation system. By applying an isolation procedure using high-salt
      conditions, the labile precursor could be separated in a native form from the
      mature beta-lactamase. Thereby it could be shown that the pre-beta-lactamase had
      virtually no enzymatic activity in contrast to the mature enzyme, which was
      indistinguishable from bacterial beta-lactamase. Furthermore, the precursor was
      highly susceptible to proteolytic degradation by trypsin under conditions which
      did not affect the mature enzyme. Accordingly, the protein conformation of the
      precursor must be substantially different from that of the authentic beta
      lactamase, demonstrating that specific processing and transport of beta-lactamase
      is associated with directing the protein to a distinct conformation.

PMID- 3881435
TI  - Pathway of glycogen synthesis from glucose in hepatocytes maintained in primary
      culture.
AB  - Glycogen synthesis was examined in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes that
      had been isolated from rats following a 24-h fast. Glycogen synthesis was
      dependent on the concentration of glucose in the culture medium and also required
      the presence of insulin. The addition of dexamethasone to the culture medium also
      increased the amount of glycogen synthesis. When the culture medium was
      supplemented with [U-14C,3-3H]glucose, it was found that approximately 60% of the
      glucose incorporated into glycogen was not derived from the pool of labeled
      glucose. In addition, the relative ratio of 3H/14C in the newly synthesized
      glycogen was approximately 50% of the ratio of the two isotopes in glucose in the
      culture medium, indicating that the glucose had undergone metabolism prior to its
      incorporation into glycogen. However, when hepatocytes were isolated from rats
      that had been fed ad libitum and the synthesis of glycogen from [U-14C,3
      3H]glucose was followed, the relative ratio of the two isotopes in glycogen was
      similar to that measured for glucose in the culture medium, indicating that the
      glucose was directly incorporated into glycogen without any apparent metabolism.
      These results indicate that the synthesis of glycogen from glucose may, at least
      in part, follow an indirect pathway whereby glucose is metabolized prior to
      incorporation of the carbon into glycogen, but that the pathway followed for the
      synthesis of glycogen is dependent on the prior metabolic state of the animal.

PMID- 3881436
TI  - Chromogranin, an integral membrane protein.
AB  - Chromogranin is the major soluble protein of the adrenal medulla chromaffin
      granule and is secreted upon nervous stimulation. Using antisera to pure
      chromogranin in immunoblotting procedures, we show that chromogranin is the major
      integral membrane protein as well. Extraction of chromaffin granule membranes
      with low salt, high salt, chelating agents, or calcium-containing solutions does
      not remove the chromogranin from the membranes. The membrane form of chromogranin
      can be purified on a C-18 semi-preparative column using high pressure liquid
      chromatography. Amino-terminal sequence data indicate that the membrane and
      soluble forms of chromogranin are identical or very similar.

PMID- 3881437
TI  - Relationship of multiple forms of chromogranin.
AB  - Chromogranin polypeptides of Mr 100,000, Mr 85,000, Mr 75,000, and Mr 65,000 have
      been detected in adrenal medulla chromaffin granules using anti-chromogranin
      antiserum. Monoclonal antibodies to this protein also detect the multiple
      molecular weight chromogranin polypeptides. Analysis of phosphorylated amino
      acids gives a value of 5 phosphoserine residues/mol of Mr 75,000 chromogranin
      polypeptide. Immunological analysis of dephosphorylated chromogranin shows that
      the anti-chromogranin serum reacts with both the phosphorylated and
      unphosphorylated forms of the protein. Each of the chromogranin polypeptides has
      been isolated using a combination of DEAE-cellulose chromatography and reverse
      phase high pressure liquid chromatography. Sequencer analysis of each protein
      revealed a high degree of amino acid identities at the amino terminal of these
      proteins. Amino-terminal Sequencer analysis of chromogranin fragments also
      provides evidence for a gene duplication event. Preliminary studies also show
      that chromogranin may be degraded in the chromaffin granules by a calcium
      dependent mechanism.

PMID- 3881439
TI  - An interferon-induced mouse protein involved in the mechanism of resistance to
      influenza viruses. Its purification to homogeneity and characterization by
      polyclonal antibodies.
AB  - Interferon-alpha + beta (IFN-alpha + beta) plays a central role in the specific
      resistance to influenza virus infection of those mice carrying the gene Mx (for
      review, see Haller, O. (1981) Curr. Topics Microbiol. Immun. 92, 25).
      Particularly, mouse IFN-alpha + beta induces a unique protein in cultivated Mx
      bearing cells which is associated with a highly efficient and specific antiviral
      resistance to influenza viruses (Horisberger, M. A., Staeheli, P., and Haller, O.
      (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 80, 1910). In this report, a procedure is
      described for the induction of this protein in several organs of Mx-bearing mice
      and a method for its purification from liver tissue. The protein Mx is
      nucleophilic and has a Mr approaching 78,000. It is not concentrated in nucleoli
      and it is not tightly bound to chromatin or nuclear matrices. Polyclonal
      antibodies to the protein Mx were raised in BALB/c mice. They recognized the
      protein Mx immobilized on nitrocellulose in a dot immunoassay and they
      immunoprecipitated the IFN-induced protein Mx from cultivated Mx-bearing cells
      labeled with a radioactive tracer.

PMID- 3881438
TI  - Phospholipid protection against proteolysis of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate
      dehydrogenase, a lecithin-requiring enzyme.
AB  - D-beta-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase is a lipid-requiring enzyme which is
      localized on the inner face of the mitochondrial inner membrane. The
      apodehydrogenase, i.e. the purified enzyme devoid of lipid, has been purified
      from beef heart mitochondria and as such is inactive. It can be reactivated by
      insertion into phospholipid vesicles containing lecithin. Proteolytic digestion
      with different proteases has been carried out to obtain insight into the
      orientation of the enzyme in the membrane and to assess the extent of immersion
      of the protein into the phospholipid bilayer. Digestion of the apodehydrogenase
      with either trypsin, chymotrypsin, Staphylococcus aureus protease, thermolysin,
      carboxypeptidases A and Y, or Pronase (from Streptomyces griseus) leads to loss
      of activity, as assayed with phospholipid. Limited digestion with
      carboxypeptidase results in complete inactivation. Of the proteases tested, only
      Pronase and chymotrypsin cleave and inactivate the enzyme inserted into
      phospholipid vesicles (enzyme-phospholipid complex). For the enzyme-phospholipid
      complex, the loss of activity with Pronase digestion follows a single exponential
      decay to less than 10% of the initial activity. With chymotrypsin digestion, the
      staining intensity of the original approximately 31,500-dalton polypeptide
      decreases more rapidly than the loss of enzymic activity. The enzyme-phospholipid
      complex, after limited cleavage with chymotrypsin, retains enzymic activity and
      resonance energy transfer from protein to bound NADH and an approximately 26,000
      dalton polypeptide is observed. Phospholipid alters the cleavage pattern with
      both chymotrypsin and Pronase, and the rate of inactivation of the enzyme
      phospholipid complex is slowed in the presence of NAD(H). Moreover, the rate of
      inactivation of the apodehydrogenase with chymotrypsin is diminished
      approximately 3-fold in the presence of NAD+. Digestion of submitochondrial
      vesicles with either trypsin, chymotrypsin, or Pronase rapidly inactivates D-beta
      hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase; the addition of NAD+ or NADH, together with
      dithiothreitol and increased salt (to 50 mM), decreases the rate of inactivation,
      and with trypsin, virtually eliminates inactivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3881440
TI  - Long-chain fatty acid transport in Escherichia coli. Cloning, mapping, and
      expression of the fadL gene.
AB  - Transport of long-chain fatty acids across the inner membrane of Escherichia coli
      K-12 requires a functional fadL gene (Maloy, S. R., Ginsburgh, C. L., Simons, R.
      W., and Nunn, W. D. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 3735-3742). Mutants defective in
      the fadL gene lack a 33,000-dalton inner membrane protein as evaluated using two
      dimensional pI/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      (Ginsburgh, C. L., Black, P. N., and Nunn, W. D. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 8437
      8443). In an effort to determine whether the fadL gene is the structural gene for
      this 33,000-dalton protein, we have cloned, mapped, and analyzed the expression
      of the fadL gene. The fadL gene has been localized on a 2.8-kilobase EcoRV
      fragment of E. coli genomic DNA. Plasmids containing this gene (i) complement all
      fadL mutants, (ii) increase the long-chain fatty acid transport activity of fadL
      strains harboring them by 2- to 3-fold, and (iii) direct the synthesis of a
      membrane protein which has the same molecular weight and isoelectric point as
      that described by Ginsburgh et al. This is a heat-modifiable protein which has an
      apparent molecular weight of 43,000 daltons when solubilized at 100 degrees C in
      the presence of SDS and 33,000 daltons when solubilized at 50 degrees C in the
      presence of SDS.

PMID- 3881441
TI  - Structural studies of T lymphocyte Fc receptors. Association of Gc protein with
      IgG binding to Fc gamma.
AB  - To obtain further information concerning the structure of Fc IgG-binding sites on
      human peripheral blood lymphocytes, enriched T-cells were surface-radioiodinated
      and treated with nonionic detergent, and the soluble supernatant was submitted to
      affinity chromatography selecting for components binding complexed IgG. Analysis
      of eluted material by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      isoelectric focusing, and two-dimensional electrophoresis demonstrated the major
      proteins to be of Mr 56,000, pI 4.8-5.1 and Mr 60,000, pI 5.0-5.6, and these were
      radiolabeled, indicating an origin in part from the T-cell membrane. While the Mr
      56,000 band gave positive reactions upon transblotting with antisera to Gc
      protein, the identity of the Mr 60,000 protein remains unknown. Three other
      components were detected, although with less consistency; Mr 78,000, 42,000, and
      20,000-25,000, respectively. Immunocytochemical experiments showed that less than
      5% freshly isolated native T-cells were positive with antiserum to human Gc, but,
      after IgG antibody-coated erythrocyte rosetting, the number of positive cells
      increased to 15-25%, in close agreement with the percentage of IgG antibody
      coated erythrocyte rosette-positive T-cells. These findings therefore indicate
      that, in addition to interaction with components of Mr 60,000, 42,000, and 20,000
      25,000, complexed IgG binding to Fc gamma of human peripheral blood T-cells also
      becomes spatially associated with Gc protein.

PMID- 3881442
TI  - Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to the interferon-inducible protein Mx of
      influenza virus-resistant mice.
AB  - Interferon-alpha/beta induces in cells from mice carrying the influenza virus
      resistance allele Mx+ the synthesis of a unique 75,000-dalton protein (designated
      here protein Mx) that was not detectable in interferon-treated cells from Mx-
      mice lacking the resistance allele (Horisberger, M. A., Staeheli, P., and Haller,
      O. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 80, 1910-1914). We have immunized Mx-
      BALB/c mice with extracts of interferon-treated cells from congenic Mx+ BALB X
      A2G-Mx mice. Resulting hyperimmune sera immunoprecipitated a single interferon
      inducible 75,000-dalton protein of Mx+ embryo cells. Sera did not react with any
      interferon-inducible protein of Mx- cells. Synthesis of the immunoprecipitable
      75,000-dalton protein Mx was induced by interferon-alpha/beta but not by
      interferon-gamma in Mx+ cells of diverse genetic backgrounds. Monoclonal
      antibodies to protein Mx were selected in similar immunoprecipitation assays. One
      discrete in vitro translation product of relevant mRNA reacted with polyclonal
      and monoclonal antibodies and was indistinguishable from in vivo synthesized
      protein Mx.

PMID- 3881443
TI  - Effects of two sec genes on protein assembly into the plasma membrane of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - We have examined the effects of thermosensitive mutations in secA and secY (prlA)
      genes on the export of proteins to the three layers of the Escherichia coli cell
      surface. After several hours at the nonpermissive temperature, the export of two
      major outer membrane proteins, lipoprotein and OmpA, is delayed, then essentially
      blocked, in either a secA or secY strain. These mutations also have a strong
      effect on the export of several proteins, such as maltose binding protein, to the
      periplasm, though the export of many periplasmic proteins is not affected. secA
      and secY block the assembly of leader peptidase, which is made without a leader
      sequence, into the inner membrane. However, the membrane assembly of M13 coat
      protein (an inner membrane protein made with an amino-terminal leader sequence)
      is not affected. Thus, the requirement for sec function for export does not
      correlate with the presence or absence of leader peptide or with a particular
      subcellular compartment, but rather is specific to each particular protein.

PMID- 3881444
TI  - Study of anthranilate synthase function by replacement of cysteine 84 using site
      directed mutagenesis.
AB  - Cysteine 84 was replaced by glycine in Serratia marcescens anthranilate synthase
      Component II using site-directed mutagenesis of cloned trpG. This replacement
      abolished the glutamine-dependent anthranilate synthase activity but not the NH3
      dependent activity of the enzyme. The mutation provides further evidence for the
      role of active site cysteine 84 in the glutamine amide transfer function of
      anthranilate synthase Component II. By the criteria of circular dichroism,
      proteolytic inactivation, and feedback inhibition the mutant and wild type
      enzymes were structurally similar. The NH3-dependent anthranilate synthase
      activity of the mutant enzyme supported tryptophan synthesis in media containing
      a high concentration of ammonium ion.

PMID- 3881445
TI  - A roentgenographic, biomechanical, and histological evaluation of vascularized
      and non-vascularized segmental fibular canine autografts.
AB  - Advocates of vascularized bone grafts believe that these grafts should have a
      decreased time to graft-host union, and that they should be mechanically stronger
      than conventional (non-vascularized) grafts. The objectives of the present study
      were to determine the rate and pattern of repair in vascularized autogenous
      cortical bone grafts, to determine the mechanical strength of the grafts, and to
      correlate the mechanical strength with the biological repair. Forty-nine adult
      male mongrel dogs were divided into six groups to evaluate conventional (non
      vascularized), cuff (periosteal-encased, non-vascularized), and vascularized
      segmental grafts. The fibula was the site of experimentation and all grafts were
      four-centimeter cortical segments. The vascularized and conventional grafts were
      analyzed at two, six, twelve, and twenty-four weeks. The cuff grafts were
      analyzed at twenty-four weeks and were compared with conventional grafts to
      assess the effect of the periosteal soft tissue. Roentgenograms were made every
      two weeks to evaluate the time to union. The mechanical strength of each graft
      was assessed by determining rapid torsional load to failure. Biological repair
      was assessed by tetracycline labeling for new-bone formation and by
      microradiographic techniques for porosity and cross-sectional areas. The study
      showed that conventional and cuff grafts were similar in terms of mechanical and
      biological repair at six months. At all sampling intervals, the vascularized
      grafts exhibited histological findings that were consistent with viability. The
      conventional and vascularized grafts underwent different mechanisms of repair.
      The conventional, non-vascularized grafts healed by peripheral and internal
      resorption followed by callus encasement and osteonal remodeling.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3881446
TI  - Treatment of fractures and dislocations of the thoracic and lumbar spine.

PMID- 3881447
TI  - A prospective, randomized study of the management of severe ankle fractures.
AB  - One hundred and thirty-eight patients with a closed grade-4 supination-external
      rotation or pronation-external rotation ankle fracture (Lauge-Hansen
      classification) who were seen in the emergency room of the University of Chicago
      Hospitals were entered into a randomized study of the results of various methods
      of treatment. Ninety-six patients with satisfactory initial closed reduction were
      randomized between continued closed treatment in a plaster cast and open
      reduction with rigid internal fixation according to the techniques of the
      Association for the Study of Internal Fixation (ASIF). Forty-two patients with
      unsatisfactory closed reduction were randomized between open reduction with
      internal fixation of only the medial malleolus and open reduction with rigid
      internal fixation according to the ASIF techniques. Of the 138 patients who were
      admitted to the study, only seventy-one (51 per cent) could be followed for an
      average of 3.5 years (a typical return rate of urban trauma centers). The
      outcomes were evaluated by a scoring system that included clinical, anatomical,
      and arthritis scores. Statistical analysis of the data showed that, of the
      patients with initial satisfactory closed reduction, the ones treated by open
      reduction and rigid internal fixation had significantly higher total scores,
      particularly the patients who were more than fifty years old and those with a
      medial malleolar fracture. The small number of patients with unsatisfactory
      closed reduction who were treated by one of the two types of open reduction and
      internal fixation and were available for follow-up precluded drawing any
      conclusions about the superiority of one method of internal fixation over the
      other in that group. The difference in the talocrural angle between the injured
      and normal sides was the only statistically significant radiographic indicator of
      a good prognosis.

PMID- 3881448
TI  - Anterior decompression of traumatic thoracolumbar fractures with incomplete
      neurological deficit using a retroperitoneal approach.
AB  - Between 1973 and 1981, seventy patients with a spinal cord injury secondary to a
      thoracolumbar fracture were treated by anterior spinal-canal decompression
      through a retroperitoneal approach. All of these patients had an incomplete
      neurological deficit caused by retropulsed vertebral-body fragments and
      intervertebral disc material in the spinal canal. Forty-eight patients have been
      followed for an average of 3.4 years (range, two to 8.6 years). Either computed
      tomography or lateral tomography, or both, was performed after surgery on these
      forty-eight patients, and confirmed the successful removal of the cause of
      compression in all of them. No patient lost further cord or cauda equina function
      after the anterior decompression. Thirty-seven of the forty-two patients who had
      a motor deficit improved by at least one class in motor strength. Fourteen of the
      thirty patients whose quadriceps and hamstrings were too weak to permit walking
      regained full independent walking ability. Twelve of the thirty-two patients who
      had a conus medullaris injury demonstrated neurogenic bowel and bladder recovery.
      The degree of neurological recovery of spinal cord injury after anterior spinal
      decompression of thoracolumbar fractures appears more favorable than after other,
      previously reported techniques that do not decompress the spinal canal.

PMID- 3881449
TI  - Bacterial adherence to biomaterials and tissue. The significance of its role in
      clinical sepsis.
AB  - The direct examination of tissue and biomaterials from prosthesis-related
      infections of twenty-five patients showed that the causative bacteria grew in
      glycocalyx-enclosed biofilms that were adherent to surfaces of biomaterials and
      tissues in 76 per cent. This high rate of recovery of adherent biofilm-mediated
      growth suggests that the process occurs commonly in the presence of a foreign
      body or biomaterial-related infection. Because of the adherent mode of growth of
      the infecting organisms, accurate microbiological sampling was difficult. The
      analysis of joint fluids or of swabs of excised tissue and of prosthetic surfaces
      often yielded only one species from what was a polymicrobial population based on
      electron microscopic studies. We adapted direct quantitative sampling methods
      from environmental microbiology in order to recover a large number of species
      from these infections, but comparison of the organisms isolated by these
      techniques with the morphological types that were seen by electron microscopy
      indicated that in some instances all bacterial components of the biofilms were
      still not being recovered.

PMID- 3881450
TI  - Studies of tibial subchondral bone density and its significance.
AB  - We examined the relationships between the density of the subchondral bone of the
      proximal end of the tibia and the location and condition of the overlying
      articular cartilage and menisci. We took coronal sections of the tibial plateaus
      and of the overlying articular cartilage and menisci from human knee joints that
      were grossly free of osteoarthritis. The specimens were examined for the presence
      of cartilage fibrillation using the India-ink technique of Meachim. Bone density
      was determined using the Quantimet picture-point analyzer. Fibrillation of
      articular cartilage was observed only in the articular cartilage that was not
      covered by meniscus and lying mesial to it, which supports the concept that the
      meniscus confers a protective effect on the articular cartilage. The density of
      the bone underlying the meniscus was lower, and was inversely related to the
      thickness of the meniscus and directly related to the thickness of the articular
      cartilage. In four knees from which the menisci were absent, the bone density was
      increased at the periphery. We suggest that there is a trinitarian relationship
      between the meniscus, cartilage, and subchondral bone, in which structural
      changes in any one of the three causes secondary pathological adaptive changes in
      the other two.

PMID- 3881451
TI  - Transverse myelitis following chemonucleolysis.

PMID- 3881452
TI  - Meniscal repair. An arthroscopic technique.
AB  - Repair of a longitudinal peripheral meniscal tear permits salvage of this
      structure in a high percentage of cases. In previous reports an arthrotomy was
      used to accomplish this repair; in this paper an arthroscopic technique is
      presented. The potential risks are significant and include damage to the peroneal
      nerve and popliteal vascular structures, failure of meniscal healing and the
      usual complications of arthroscopy. The procedure is recommended only for the
      advanced arthroscopist who is advised first to establish clearly by cadaver
      dissections the anatomical relationships.

PMID- 3881453
TI  - The prediction of healing in ischemic lesions of the foot. A comparison of
      Doppler ultrasound and elevation reactive hyperemia.
AB  - The results of the Elevation Reactive Hyperemia Test (ERHT) and the
      transcutaneous Doppler ultrasound ankle blood pressure (DAP) have been compared
      in a series of 115 cases with ischemic lesions of the foot. The ERHT was carried
      out by simple elevation of the foot or elevation with the circulation temporarily
      obstructed by a blood pressure cuff following which the foot was gradually
      lowered until the reactive hyperemia was seen in the skin and the height above
      the right atrium was estimated. The appearance of the hyperemia at 35 cm above
      the right atrium will allow healing of local ischemic lesions and at the height
      of 45 cm or above indicates a zone at which amputation may be carried out
      successfully. In the same series the DAP using 60 mmHg as the cut off point
      showed 40% healing with a pressure less than this level and 40% failed with a
      pressure above this level. The DAP gave no consistent prediction of the healing
      of ischemic lesions or of amputations.

PMID- 3881454
TI  - Limited reliability of the "negative" two-dimensional echocardiogram in the
      evaluation of infectious vegetative endocarditis: diagnostic and surgical
      implications.
AB  - Three patients with vegetative endocarditis involving a native valve, a
      mechanical prosthesis and a bioprosthetic valve respectively are presented. Each
      underwent emergency surgical exploration and prosthetic valve replacement based
      on clinical evidence of vegetative endocarditis after an initial delay following
      a report of a negative two-dimensional echocardiographic study. These cases
      emphasize the fact that within the clinical setting in which vegetative
      endocarditis is strongly suspected a negative two-dimensional echocardiographic
      study must be interpreted with caution. This is particularly true in patients
      with fungal, embolic or prosthetic valvular endocarditis. A decision to delay
      surgical consultation and therapy based upon a negative two-dimensional
      echocardiographic study in these patients is ill advised and may result in
      serious thromboembolic complications or even death.

PMID- 3881455
TI  - Neuronal regulation of astroglial morphology and proliferation in vitro.
AB  - To analyze the interdependence of neurons and astroglia during central nervous
      system development, a rapid method for purifying early postnatal cerebellar
      neurons and astroglia, and recombining them in vitro, has been developed. The
      influence of neurons on astroglial shape and proliferation has been evaluated
      with an in vitro model system previously used to describe the role of cerebellar
      astroglia in neuronal migration and positioning (Hatten, M. E., and R. K. H.
      Liem, 1981, J. Cell Biol., 90:622-630; and Hatten, M. E., R. K. H. Liem, and C.
      A. Mason, 1984, J. Cell Biol., 98:193-204. Cerebellar tissue harvested from
      C57Bl/6J mouse cerebellum on the third or fourth day postnatal was dissociated
      into a single cell suspension with trypsin, and enriched glial and neuronal
      fractions were separated with a step gradient of Percoll. Highly purified
      astroglial and neuronal fractions resulted from subsequently preplanting the
      cells on a polylysine-coated culture surface. In the absence of neurons,
      astroglia, identified by staining with antisera raised against purified glial
      filament protein, assumed a flattened shape and proliferated rapidly. In the
      absence of astroglia, cerebellar neurons, identified by staining with antisera
      raised against the nerve growth factor-inducible large external (NILE)
      glycoprotein and by electron microscopy, formed cellular reaggregates, had
      markedly impaired neurite outgrowth, and survived poorly. When purified neurons
      and isolated astroglia were recombined, astroglial proliferation slowed markedly
      and the flattened shape expressed in the absence of neurons transformed into
      highly elongated profiles that resembled embryonic forms of cerebellar astroglia.
      After longer periods (48-72 h) in the presence of neurons, astroglia had
      "Bergmann-like" or "astrocyte-like" shapes and neurons commonly associated with
      them. These results suggest that neurons influence the differentiation of
      astroglia.

PMID- 3881456
TI  - Characterization of an apically derived epithelial membrane glycoprotein from
      bovine milk, which is expressed in capillary endothelia in diverse tissues.
AB  - A glycoprotein (PAS IV) of apparent Mr 76,000 was purified from bovine milk-fat
      globule membrane and partially characterized. PAS IV contained mannose,
      galactose, and sialic acid as principal sugars (approximately 5.3% total
      carbohydrate [wt/wt]) and existed in milk in at least four isoelectric variants.
      The glycoprotein appeared to be an integral membrane protein by several criteria.
      PAS IV was recovered in the detergent phase of Triton X-114 extracts of milk-fat
      globule membrane at room temperature. When bound to membrane, PAS IV was
      resistant to digestion by a number of proteinases, although after solubilization
      with non-ionic detergents, the protein was readily degraded. Amino acid analysis
      of the purified protein revealed a high percentage of amino acids with nonpolar
      residues. The location of PAS IV was determined in bovine tissues by using
      immunofluorescence techniques. In mammary tissue, PAS IV was located on both the
      apical surfaces of secretory epithelial cells and endothelial cells of
      capillaries. This glycoprotein was also detected in endothelial cells of heart,
      liver, spleen, pancreas, salivary gland, and small intestine. In addition to
      mammary epithelial cells, PAS IV was also located in certain other epithelial
      cells, most notably the bronchiolar epithelial cells of lung. The potential
      usefulness of this protein as a specific marker of capillary endothelial cells in
      certain tissues is discussed.

PMID- 3881457
TI  - Adipocyte conversion of CHEF cells in serum-free medium.
AB  - When grown in the presence of serum with added insulin, Chinese hamster embryonic
      fibroblasts (CHEF/18) cells can be induced to become preadipocytes that are
      committed to the adipocyte pathway of terminal differentiation (Sager, R., and P.
      Kovac, 1982, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 79:480-484). We found that commitment to
      the adipocyte pathway, as well as terminal differentiation to form mature
      adipocytes, can occur in a defined serum-free medium containing insulin. When
      CHEF/18 cells are plated in serum-containing medium, only 5-10% of cells in each
      colony undergo terminal differentiation, whereas in serum-free medium, greater
      than 90% of the cells became adipocytes. These and other results show that
      CHEF/18 cells require no adipogenic factors in addition to insulin and the other
      components of the serum-free medium (transferrin, epithelial growth factor,
      thrombin) to form adipocytes, and furthermore, that serum inhibits the rate of
      terminal adipocyte differentiation of these cells. As little as 10 ng/ml insulin
      added to serum-containing medium can induce adipogenesis, suggesting that insulin
      rather than an insulinlike growth factor is the active agent. The results further
      demonstrate that virtually every CHEF/18 cell can be induced into the adipocyte
      pathway.

PMID- 3881460
TI  - Effect of oxygen and endotoxin on lactate dehydrogenase release, 5
      hydroxytryptamine uptake, and antioxidant enzyme activities in endothelial cells.
AB  - We compared the effects of 95% O2 (hyperoxia) alone, endotoxin (20 ng/ml) alone,
      and 95% O2 plus endotoxin on the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), uptake
      of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and antioxidant enzyme activities in porcine
      pulmonary arterial and aortic endothelial cells in monolayer culture. Hyperoxia
      increased LDH release and decreased 5-HT in both endothelial cell types.
      Hyperoxia also caused a decrease in catalase (CAT) activity and an increase in
      total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GSH-Red) activities
      in both cell types. Endotoxin alone had no effect on LDH release, 5-HT uptake, or
      antioxidant enzyme activities. However, endotoxin prevented the hyperoxic
      increase in LDH release and the hyperoxic decrease in 5-HT uptake. Endotoxin plus
      95% O2 had no consistent effect on the antioxidant enzyme profile in pulmonary
      artery or aortic endothelial cells. These results indicate that (1) hyperoxia
      injures both pulmonary artery and aortic endothelial cells in culture and causes
      changes in the antioxidant enzyme profile that are similar in the two cell types;
      (2) hyperoxia-induced decreases in CAT activity and increases in SOD activity may
      be responsible for increased sensitivity of endothelial cells to O2 toxicity; and
      (3) endotoxin protects against hyperoxic injury to endothelial cells in vitro,
      but increases in antioxidant enzyme activities are not the mechanism for this
      protection.

PMID- 3881458
TI  - Initial appearance and regional distribution of the neuron-glia cell adhesion
      molecule in the chick embryo.
AB  - This study represents a global survey of the times of the first appearance of the
      neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule (Ng-CAM) in various regions and on particular
      cells of the chick embryonic nervous system. Ng-CAM, originally characterized by
      means of an in vitro binding assay between glial cells and brain membrane
      vesicles, first appears in development at the surface of early postmitotic
      neurons. By 3 d in the chick embryo, the first neurons detected by antibodies to
      Ng-CAM are located in the ventral neural tube; these precursors of motor neurons
      emit well-stained fibers to the periphery. To identify locations of appearance of
      Ng-CAM in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), we used a monoclonal antibody
      called NC-1 that is specific for neural crest cells in early embryos to show the
      presence of numerous crest cells in the neuritic outgrowth from the neural tube;
      neither these crest cells nor those in ganglion rudiments bound anti-Ng-CAM
      antibodies. The earliest neurons in the PNS stained by anti-Ng-CAM appeared by 4
      d of development in the cranial ganglia. At later stages and progressively, all
      the neurons and neurities of the PNS were found to contain Ng-CAM both in vitro
      and in vivo. Many central nervous system (CNS) neurons also showed Ng-CAM at
      these later stages, but in the CNS, the molecule was mostly associated with
      neuronal processes (mainly axons) rather than with cell bodies; this regional
      distribution at the neuronal cell surface is an example of polarity modulation.
      In contrast to the neural cell adhesion molecule and the liver cell adhesion
      molecule, both of which are found very early in derivatives of more than one germ
      layer, Ng-CAM is expressed only on neurons of the CNS and the PNS during the
      later epoch of development concerned with neural histogenesis. Ng-CAM is thus a
      specific differentiation product of neuroectoderm. Ng-CAM was found on developing
      neurons at approximately the same time that neurofilaments first appear, times at
      which glial cells are still undergoing differentiation from neuroepithelial
      precursors. The present findings and those of previous studies suggest that
      together the neural cell adhesion molecule and Ng-CAM mediate specific cellular
      interactions during the formation of neuronal networks by means of modulation
      events that govern their prevalence and polarity on neuronal cell surfaces.

PMID- 3881459
TI  - A 300,000-mol-wt intermediate filament-associated protein in baby hamster kidney
      (BHK-21) cells.
AB  - Native intermediate filament (IF) preparations from the baby hamster kidney
      fibroblastic cell line (BHK-21) contain a number of minor polypeptides in
      addition to the IF structural subunit proteins desmin, a 54,000-mol-wt protein,
      and vimentin, a 55,000-mol-wt protein. A monoclonal antibody was produced that
      reached exclusively with a high molecular weight (300,000) protein representative
      of these minor proteins. Immunological methods and comparative peptide mapping
      techniques demonstrated that the 300,000-mol-wt species was biochemically
      distinct from the 54,000- and 55,000-mol-wt proteins. Double-label
      immunofluorescence observations on spread BHK cells using this monoclonal
      antibody and a rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against the 54,000- and 55,000
      mol-wt proteins showed that the 300,000-mol-wt species co-distributed with IF in
      a fibrous pattern. In cells treated with colchicine or those in the early stages
      of spreading, double-labeling with these antibodies revealed the co-existence of
      the respective antigens in the juxtanuclear cap of IF that is characteristic of
      cells in these physiological states. After colchicine removal, or in the late
      stages of cell spreading, the 300,00-mol-wt species and the IF subunits
      redistributed to their normal, highly coincident cytoplasmic patterns.
      Ultrastructural localization by the immunogold technique using the monoclonal
      antibody supported the light microscopic findings in that the 300,000-mol-wt
      species was associated with IF in the several physiological and morphological
      cell states investigated. The gold particle pattern was less intimately
      associated with IF than that defined by anti-54/55 and was one of non-uniform
      distribution along IF, being clustered primarily at points of proximity between
      IF, where an amorphous, proteinaceous material was often the labeled element.
      Occasionally, "bridges" of label were seen extending outward from such clusters
      on IF. Gold particles were infrequently bound to microtubules, microfilaments, or
      other cellular organelles, and when so, IF were usually contiguous. During
      multiple cycles of in vitro disassembly/assembly of the IF from native
      preparations, the 300,000-mol-wt protein remained in the fraction containing the
      54,000- and 55,000-mol-wt structural subunits, whether the latter were in the
      soluble state or pelleted as formed filaments. In keeping with the nomenclature
      developed for the microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), the acronym IFAP-300K
      (intermediate filament associated protein) is proposed for this molecule.

PMID- 3881461
TI  - Dexamethasone and retinyl acetate similarly inhibit and stimulate EGF- or insulin
      induced proliferation of prostatic epithelium.
AB  - Prostatic epithelium proliferates in a defined medium consisting of basal medium
      RPMI1640 containing transferring (1 microgram/ml), EGF (10 ng/ml), and insulin
      (3.7 micrograms/ml or 0.1 IU/ml). Although neither dexamethasone nor retinyl
      acetate affected the proliferation of prostatic epithelium in RPMI1640 containing
      transferrin alone, they modify the mitogenic effect of EGF and insulin.
      Dexamethasone at 10(-10) M or retinyl acetate at about 3 X 10(-9) M inhibits
      proliferation stimulated by EGF. Higher concentrations of dexamethasone (10(-8) -
      10(-6) M) or retinyl acetate (3 X 10(-8) - 10(-7) M) enhance the mitogenic
      activity of EGF. Dexamethasone had a similar effect in the presence of insulin.
      However, retinyl acetate stimulated, but did not significantly inhibit,
      proliferation in the presence of insulin. These results suggest that both
      dexamethasone and retinyl acetate, and possibly other glucocorticoids and
      retinoids, may regulate the proliferation of prostate epithelium by a dose
      dependent modification of the activity of insulin and EGF.

PMID- 3881462
TI  - Increased thermoresistance developed during growth of small multicellular
      spheroids.
AB  - Mammalian cells growing as multicell spheroids, an in vitro model of tumor
      microregions, have been shown previously to be more resistant than single cells
      from monolayer cultures to killing by ionizing radiation, hyperthermia,
      ultrasound, and chemotherapeutic drugs. Although the mechanisms by which cells in
      spheroids acquire these increased resistances are unknown, available evidence has
      indicated that intercellular contact mediates the process for ionizing radiation.
      This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the role of intercellular contact
      produced during growth of small spheroids on the sensitivity of EMT6/Ro mouse
      mammary tumor cells to moderate hyperthermia. Increased thermoresistance
      developed in small spheroids (approximately 70 micron diameter, 25
      cells/spheroid), as measured by colony formation, after exposures to different
      temperatures in the range of 37 to 45 degrees C for periods less than or equal to
      2 hr and at 42.5 degrees C for less than or equal to 8 hr. Experiments were
      performed to determine the relative contributions to this increased
      thermoresistance of 1) the extent of intercellular contact in spheroids of
      different cellular multiplicities, 2) differences in membrane damage influenced
      by trypsin heat treatment sequence, and 3) physiological changes associated with
      growth of cells as spheroids in suspension compared to monolayer culture.
      Treatment with trypsin prior to heating sensitized cells to killing by
      hyperthermia but did not account for the differential thermoresistance between
      cells from spheroids and monolayers. Spheroid multiplicity in the range of 1.16
      to 76.2 cells/spheroid had no significant effect on cell survival after
      hyperthermia. However, cells grown in spinner suspension culture were more
      thermoresistant than cells from monolayer cultures and nearly as thermoresistant
      as cells in spheroids. From these data we conclude that the greater
      thermoresistance of EMT/Ro cells in spheroids is the result of cellular
      physiological changes associated with growth in suspension and is not mediated by
      intercellular contact.

PMID- 3881463
TI  - Hormonal regulation of the System A amino acid transport adaptive response
      mechanism in a kidney epithelial cell line (MDCK).
AB  - When mammalian cells are starved for amino acids, the activity of the A amino
      acid transport system increases, a phenomenon called adaptive regulation. We have
      examined the effects of those factors which support Madin-Darby canine kidney
      (MDCK) cell growth in a defined medium on the derepression of System A activity.
      Of the five factors which supported MDCK cell growth, insulin was found to be an
      absolute requirement for derepression. In contrast, PGE1 was a negative
      controlling factor for the transport system. Growth of MDCK cells in the absence
      of PGE1 resulted in elevated System A activity which derepressed poorly upon
      amino acid starvation. Kinetic analysis of alpha-(methylamino) isobutyric acid
      (mAIB) uptake as a function of substrate concentration showed that the elevated A
      activity observed when cells were grown in the absence of PGE1 was kinetically
      similar to the activity induced by starvation for amino acids. Transport of mAIB
      by amino-acid-fed cells grown in the presence of PGE1 was characterized by a
      linear Eadie-Hofstee graph and by a relatively low Vmax. Transport by cells
      starved for amino acids or by cells grown in the absence of PGE1 was
      characterized by biphasic kinetics for mAIB transport and by elevated Vmax
      values. An influence of growth factors on the inactivation of derepressed A
      activity was also observed. In the presence of cycloheximide the rate of loss of
      A activity in amino-acid-starved cells was 1/4-1/2 that of amino-acid-fed cells.
      Insulin slowed inactivation in the absence of most amino acids in a protein
      synthesis-independent manner, but insulin did not influence the more rapid
      inactivation observed in amino-acid-fed cells. These results indicate that the
      level of System A activity observed in response to regulation by amino acids
      represents a balance between carrier synthesis and inactivation, which can be
      positively or negatively influenced by growth factors.

PMID- 3881464
TI  - Activation of collagen synthesis in primary culture of rat liver parenchymal
      cells (hepatocytes).
AB  - An increase in collagen synthesis by hepatic parenchymal cells (hepatocytes) was
      observed during 8 days in primary culture by the quantification of total
      [3H]hydroxyproline as a marker of total collagen synthesis and the ratio of
      [3H]hydroxyproline in the high-molecular-weight fraction to total
      [3H]hydroxyproline as a marker of collagen degradation after incubation of the
      cells with [3H]proline for 24 h. Type analysis of the collagen produced by the
      cells after 8 days in culture showed the presence of type I and type III
      collagens in addition to the components corresponding to type IV and type V
      (alpha A and alpha B) collagens. Only the latter two types were found in the
      collagens produced by the cells after 2 days in primary culture. The purity of
      the hepatocytes inoculated was 97%, and the majority of the contaminating small
      cells were erythrocytes. The rate of serum albumin synthesis, which is a typical
      function of the hepatocytes, was constant or increased during the culture period.
      Immuno-electron microscopic observation indicated the production of type I
      collagen by the hepatocytes after 8 days in primary culture. These results are
      explained only by the activation of collagen synthesis in the day-8 hepatocytes
      in primary culture.

PMID- 3881465
TI  - Regulation of proliferation of bovine aortic endothelial cells, smooth muscle
      cells, and adventitial fibroblasts in collagen lattices.
AB  - We compared the proliferation of bovine aortic cells grown in collagen lattices.
      Smooth muscle cells continued to divide for 2 weeks while adventitial fibroblasts
      ceased to divide after 4-5 days. Endothelial cells did not proliferate within an
      untreated collagen lattice; however, if the lattice was covered with culture
      medium, endothelial cells populated its surface and proliferated to form a
      monolayer. We also found that both smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells,
      like fibroblasts, are able to contract a collagen lattice to a small fraction of
      its original volume, although endothelial cells are able to do so only if the
      lattice is covered with culture medium.

PMID- 3881466
TI  - Nosocomial pneumonia caused by a glucose-metabolizing strain of Neisseria
      cinerea.
AB  - We describe what appears to be the first reported case of nosocomial pneumonia
      caused by Neisseria cinerea. The isolate metabolized glucose when tested in
      BACTEC Neisseria Differentiation Kits (Johnston Laboratories), but did not
      produce detectable acid in cystine-Trypticase (BBL Microbiology Systems) agar
      medium or in modified oxidation-fermentation medium. Clinical laboratories that
      rely on the BACTEC method for differentiation of pathogenic neisseriae should be
      aware of the fact that N. cinerea may mimic N. gonorrhoeae when tested in BACTEC
      Neisseria Differentiation kits. The ability of N. cinerea to grow well on tryptic
      soy and Mueller-Hinton agars and its inability to grow on modified Thayer-Martin
      medium are characteristics which help to distinguish N. cinerea from N.
      gonorrhoeae.

PMID- 3881467
TI  - Subclass distribution of rubella virus-specific immunoglobulin G.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to study the subclass distribution
      of rubella virus-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in 97 serum samples from healthy
      donors and from patients with recent or remote rubella infections. Plastic beads
      coated with rubella antigen were incubated with test serum and then with
      monoclonal antibodies to the four human subclass of IgG. Rubella virus-specific
      IgG1 was present in all serum samples containing rubella virus-specific IgG
      antibodies. Rubella virus-specific IgG2 was present in 1 of 35 samples from
      healthy donors that also contained specific IgG1. Rubella virus-specific IgG3 was
      found in serum samples from patients with recent rubella infections but had
      disappeared by 6 months after the onset of symptoms. Rubella virus-specific IgG4
      was found in low amounts in 7 of 35 samples from healthy immune donors. Of 20
      serum samples that were negative by other serological techniques, 8 gave
      absorbances above cutoff levels in the assays for rubella virus-specific total
      IgG and IgG1. In 1 of 20 serum samples, the assays for total IgG and IgG2 were
      positive. High absorbance in the assay for rubella virus-specific IgG4 was found
      in one serum. This serum was negative in all other assays for rubella virus
      specific antibodies.

PMID- 3881468
TI  - Comparison of PRAS II, RapID ANA, and API 20A systems for identification of
      anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - This study evaluated the PRAS II, RapID ANA, and API 20A systems for the
      identification of anaerobic bacteria. A total of 80 isolates (68 fresh clinical
      isolates and 12 stock cultures) were examined and included 25 Bacteriodes spp., 7
      Fusobacterium spp., 12 Clostridium spp., 2 Veillonella spp., 16 gram-positive
      cocci, and 18 gram-positive nonsporeforming bacilli. All isolates were initially
      identified by the procedures outlined in Holdeman et al. (ed.), Anaerobe
      Laboratory Manual, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,
      Blacksburg, Va., 1977; identifications from the PRAS II, RapID ANA, and API 20A
      systems were compared with these initial identifications. If no supplemental
      tests were required, the RapID ANA and API 20A systems had incubation times of 4
      and 24 h, respectively; the PRAS II system generally required 2 to 5 days of
      incubation, depending on the growth rate of the isolate. PRAS II identified 74%
      correct to species level, 14% correct to genus only, and 6% incorrect; 6% could
      not be identified. PRAS II data were reevaluated according to a revised data base
      that was provided after completion of the study; PRAS II (revised) identified 82%
      correct to species, 12% correct to genus only, and 6% incorrect. RapID ANA
      identified 62% correct to the species level, 28% correct to genus only, and 10%
      incorrect. API 20A identified 71% correct to the species level, 10% correct to
      genus only, and 3% incorrect; 16% could not identified. The API 20A is a more
      established system for identification of anaerobic bacteria; PRAS II and RapID
      ANA appear to be promising new methods for the identification of anaerobic
      bacteria.

PMID- 3881469
TI  - Addition of three new serotypes of Shigella boydii to the Shigella schema.
AB  - No new serotypes have been added to the Shigella schema since 1958, although
      several provisional serotypes have been described. We conducted biochemical and
      serological studies on three provisional Shigella boydii serotypes. Four strains
      of serotype 2710-54 from four widely separated countries, 7 strains of serotype
      3615-53 from three different countries, and 31 strains of serotype 1344-78
      (E10163) from six different countries were included. Reactions of all three
      serotypes were consistent with those of S. boydii. On the basis of these results
      and other published research, we propose that these three provisional serotypes
      be admitted to the Shigella schema as S. boydii 16, 17, and 18.

PMID- 3881470
TI  - Use of monoclonal antibodies in an epidemiological marker system: a retrospective
      study of lung specimens from the 1976 outbreak of Legionnaires disease in
      Philadelphia by indirect fluorescent-antibody and enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay methods.
AB  - Autopsy specimens of lung tissues from 15 patients that contracted legionellosis
      during the 1976 Philadelphia outbreak of Legionnaires disease were examined for
      the presence of Legionella organisms and soluble antigens by indirect fluorescent
      antibody (IFA) testing and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with
      both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. In all 15 cases, at least one specimen
      was positive for Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (Lp-1) antigens by a
      polyclonal antibody ELISA system. Of the 15 cases tested for Lp-1, 9 were
      positive by a polyclonal antibody IFA test. Nine mouse monoclonal antibodies to
      Lp-1 gave essentially the same reactivity pattern with extracts from lung tissue
      homogenates as that obtained with a Philadelphia 1 culture extract by using a
      monoclonal antibody ELISA system. The same monoclonal antibody panel gave similar
      results when used in the IFA system with tissue homogenates. Monoclonal
      antibodies can be used as epidemiological marker systems with both IFA and ELISA
      testing. This study provides evidence that the 1976 common source outbreak in
      Philadelphia was probably caused by a single Lp-1 strain. ELISA testing of the
      soluble antigen of Lp-1 from lung tissue homogenate supernatants was more
      sensitive than IFA testing of the homogenates and should be extremely useful as
      either a primary test or as an adjunct to fluorescent antibody testing for
      legionellosis.

PMID- 3881472
TI  - Comparison of the Beckman Auto ICS and the Syva Autolab 6000 for determination of
      gentamicin levels in serum.
AB  - Two fully automated drug-monitoring systems, the Syva Autolab 6000 and the
      Beckman Auto ICS, were compared in terms of accuracy, precision, speed of
      operation, and cost effectiveness in the determination of gentamicin levels in
      serum. Within-run and between-run precision for both systems were acceptable
      (coefficient of variation, 2.0 to 6.9%), and patient sample comparisons resulted
      in an intermethod correlation coefficient of 0.96. When reference samples
      (prepared to contain 1.2 to 10 micrograms of gentamicin per ml) were assayed, the
      Syva Autolab 6000 obtained concentrations within 8% of expected values, whereas
      the Beckman Auto ICS reported values up to 17% higher than target values. In a
      time and cost comparison, reagent costs for the Beckman system were ca. 50% less
      than for the Syva Autolab 6000; the Syva system, however, determined patient
      results two to three times faster than the Beckman Auto ICS.

PMID- 3881474
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay for evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii growth in tissue culture.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the evaluation of growth
      kinetics of Toxoplasma gondii in tissue cultures was developed. Tissue culture
      microplates (96 wells) were seeded with Vero cells, infected with a virulent
      strain of T. gondii, and incubated for different time periods. The ELISA was
      performed with anti-T. gondii antibodies on the infected cells. The method was
      simple, rapid, and accurate, and very good correlations between the ELISA results
      and the percentage of T. gondii rosettes in infected cells, the number of free T.
      gondii in the supernatant, and the amount of T. gondii antigen in the supernatant
      were observed.

PMID- 3881473
TI  - Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis immunoblotting as a
      serological tool in the diagnosis of syphilitic infections.
AB  - The utility of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      immunoblotting as a serological tool in the diagnosis of human syphilitic
      infections was examined. In model experiments, rabbits were immunized with
      Treponema pallidum or T phagedenis, and the antisera were tested for cross
      reactivities with both sets of antigens. A major T. pallidum antigen with a
      molecular weight of ca. 17,000 appeared to be the most reliable specific
      antigenic marker as assessed by the immunoblotting technique with peroxidase
      labeled second antibodies. Antibodies to this antigen were never detected in
      hyperimmune rabbit anti-T. phagedenis sera or in the sera of nonsyphilitic
      humans. In contrast, reactive antibodies were found in all syphilitic human sera
      and also in liquor samples that were positive in the passive hemagglutination
      test. Differentiation between immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies
      was directly possible by applying the respective specific second antibodies.
      Immunoblotting tests were performed with sera exhibiting low passive
      hemagglutination test titers and equivocal fluorescent treponemal antibody and
      rapid plasma reagin card reactions. In more than 60% of these cases, immunoblot
      positivity with respect to the 17,000-molecular-weight antigen was found. The
      same results were obtained with partially purified 17,000-molecular-weight
      antigen. The immunoblot technique should be useful as an additional diagnostic
      tool for differentiating between true and false-positive serological reactions.

PMID- 3881471
TI  - Biochemical identification of new species and biogroups of Enterobacteriaceae
      isolated from clinical specimens.
AB  - In 1972 there were only 11 genera and 26 species in the family
      Enterobacteriaceae. Today there are 22 genera, 69 species, and 29 biogroups or
      Enteric Groups. This paper is a review of all of the new organisms. It has a
      series of differential charts to assist in identification and a large chart with
      the reactions of 98 different organisms for 47 tests often used in
      identification. A simplified version of this chart gives the most common species
      and tests most often used for identification. The sources of the new organisms
      are listed, and their role in human disease is discussed. Fourteen new groups of
      Enterobacteriaceae are described for the first time. These new groups are
      biochemically distinct from previously described species, biogroups, and Enteric
      Groups of Enterobacteriaceae. The new groups are Citrobacter amalonaticus
      biogroup 1, Klebsiella group 47 (indole positive, ornithine positive), Serratia
      marcescens biogroup 1, and unclassified Enteric Groups 17, 45, 57, 58, 59, 60,
      63, 64, 68, and 69.

PMID- 3881475
TI  - Opsonophagocytosis of group B streptococci: the role of sialic acid.

PMID- 3881476
TI  - Adherence of neomycin to the tubing of a plate pouring machine.

PMID- 3881477
TI  - A monoclonal antibody that detects HLA-D region antigen in routinely fixed, wax
      embedded sections of normal and neoplastic lymphoid tissues.
AB  - We describe the use of a monoclonal antibody (TAL-IB5) to HLA-D region alpha
      chains that reacts well with HLA-D positive cells in normal and neoplastic
      lymphoid tissues fixed in routine fixatives and embedded in paraffin wax in the
      conventional fashion. This antibody should prove to be useful in routine
      histological investigations of lymphoid and possibly other neoplasms as well as
      other non-neoplastic conditions where the immune system plays an important part.

PMID- 3881478
TI  - Killing of Escherichia coli by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the presence
      of Bacteroides fragilis.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of Bacteroides fragilis on the in vitro killing of
      Escherichia coli by polymorphonuclear leucocytes was studied with two pairs of E
      coli and B fragilis isolated from human wound infections. Both B fragilis strains
      behaved similarly: they inhibited the killing of one E coli strain, while the
      killing of the other E coli strain was not affected. The different behaviour of
      the two E coli strains depended on their need for fresh serum in the killing by
      the polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The inhibitory effect of the B fragilis strains
      could be completely accounted for by their effect on complement.

PMID- 3881479
TI  - Clinical evaluation of a fluorescent antibody test for the serological diagnosis
      of streptococcal endocarditis.
AB  - Serum fluorescent streptococcal antibody tests were carried out on 71 patients
      with clinically suspected infective endocarditis, and a final diagnosis of
      endocarditis was obtained in 46 patients. A serological diagnosis of
      streptococcal endocarditis was obtained in 10 patients who had persistently
      negative blood cultures, as fluorescent streptococcal antibody titres equal to or
      greater than 400 were detected against at least one of four strains of
      streptococci used as heterologous antigens. There were no false positive
      fluorescent antibody results with heterologous antigens during tests on 29
      patients who had either non-streptococcal endocarditis, a final diagnosis other
      than endocarditis, or streptococcal sepsis not associated with endocarditis. A
      negative result with the heterologous antibody test could not, however, exclude a
      diagnosis of streptococcal endocarditis as six of 11 patients with endocarditis
      due to Streptococcus viridans or Str bovis confirmed on blood culture had serum
      fluorescent antibody titres less than 400 against all the heterologous
      streptococcal antigens tested. Homologous fluorescent streptococcal antibody
      titres equal to or greater than 400, using the patient's own blood culture
      isolate as the antigen, were found in the serum samples of 14 of 15 patients with
      endocarditis caused by viridans streptococci, three patients with enterococcal
      endocarditis, two patients with endocarditis caused by Str pneumoniae, and one
      patient with Str bovis endocarditis. In contrast, all five patients who had
      clinically insignificant streptococcal bacteraemias had serum fluorescent
      homologous antibody titres of only 100 or less. These results showed that the
      homologous serum fluorescent streptococcal antibody test could help to decide the
      clinical importance of a streptococcus which is initially isolated from only one
      or two of a number of inoculated blood culture bottles.

PMID- 3881481
TI  - Immunohistological diagnosis of central nervous system tumours using a monoclonal
      antibody panel.
AB  - A panel of seven monoclonal antibodies has been used to characterise 164 cerebral
      and spinal tumours. These reagents have enabled rapid and accurate diagnosis of
      tumours to be made, particularly in cases where standard techniques have proved
      equivocal. On the basis of characteristic antigenic profiles of tumours, it has
      been possible to distinguish between gliomas, meningiomas, schwannomas,
      medulloblastomas, neuroblastomas, choroid plexus tumours, various metastatic
      deposits, and primary brain lymphomas. The reagents used in the study comprise
      antibodies binding to (a) most neuroectodermally derived tissues and tumours
      (UJ13A), (b) fetal brain and tumours of neuroblastic origin (UJ181.4), (c)
      schwannomas, normal and neoplastic neurones (UJ127.11), (d) glial cells (FD19),
      (e) epithelial cells (LE61), and (f) leucocytes (2D1). Some reagents, such as
      antibody A2B5, were less effective as diagnostic markers than originally
      suggested by previously described specificity. This monoclonal antibody reacted
      with both neuroectodermal and epithelial derived tumours. The panel of monoclonal
      antibodies was most useful in the diagnosis of tumours composed of small round
      cells, particularly lymphoma and neuroblastoma, but the pattern of reactivities
      allowed most of the central nervous system tumours to be accurately classified.
      This approach was a valuable adjunct to conventional histological techniques in
      about 20% of the cases examined.

PMID- 3881480
TI  - Immunohistochemical localisation of tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase in
      the vessel wall.
AB  - Immunoreactive plasminogen activators were studied in tissue sections using a
      peroxidase method and monospecific antibodies to tissue plasminogen activator
      produced by a melanoma. Tissue plasminogen activator reactivity was found in skin
      melanomas and in endothelial and smooth muscle cells of arteries and veins.
      Vessels of the umbilical cord showed higher reactivity than peripheral vessels.
      Only faint antiurokinase reactivity was found. By means of the fibrin slide
      technique, fibrinolytic activity could be shown in peripheral vessel walls but
      not in the umbilical cord, which suggests that immunoreactivity of tissue
      plasminogen activator bound to an inhibitor can also be demonstrated. This method
      may be a useful tool in further studies of tissue plasminogen activator in
      physiological as well as pathological processes.

PMID- 3881482
TI  - Immunocytochemical reaction of Ca1 and HMFG2 monoclonal antibodies with cells
      from serous effusions.
AB  - The Ca1 antibody was used in an alkaline phosphatase immunocytochemical method on
      cells obtained from 150 specimens of pleural and ascitic fluids. The results were
      compared with the routine cytology report based on the light microscopical
      appearances. The Ca1 antibody identified tumour cells in 51 of 57 specimens with
      malignant cells. The exceptions were four small cell carcinomas, one malignant
      lymphoma, and one adenocarcinoma. A further seven specimens reported as
      containing atypical cells but without conclusive evidence of malignancy were Ca1
      positive. The Ca1 antibody did not give a positive reaction with benign
      mesothelial cells. Similar results were obtained with the HMFG2 antibody and
      malignant cells, but in eight of 18 benign effusions it reacted with mesothelial
      cells.

PMID- 3881483
TI  - Serial study of C reactive protein concentrations in cardiac allograft
      recipients.
AB  - C reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were measured serially in 38 patients
      after cardiac transplantation. Three of 28 patients (11%) had raised values
      before transplantation. After transplantation, most patients showed rises in CRP
      concentrations associated with transplant surgery which became normal by day 7.
      Thereafter, 75/274 samples (28%) from 18/38 patients (47%) had raised CRP values.
      Most of the rises in CRP concentration were associated with infection (78%),
      which in most cases was bacterial. No correlation was found between CRP values
      and acute cardiac rejection assessed histologically on serial endomyocardial
      biopsy.

PMID- 3881484
TI  - Leucocyte esterase determination as a secondary procedure for urine screening.
AB  - The use of a dipstick to detect leucocyte esteraseuria (Chemstrip L) was compared
      with the visualisation of leucocytes in a Gram stained smear for the detection of
      pyuria. The sensitivity and specificity of the two systems using the predictive
      value theory were similar. The use of a dual screening procedure (automation plus
      dipstick) allowed reliable 4 h screening of urine specimens for the detection of
      urinary tract infections.

PMID- 3881485
TI  - An empirical assessment of stereological formulae applied to the counting of
      synaptic disks in the cerebral cortex.
AB  - Known quantities of test objects approximating the parameters of cortical
      synapses were embedded in known volumes of a transparent embedding medium. The
      material was cut in slabs of appropriate thickness. The mean trace length (d) of
      the profiles of the test objects was measured and the number of profiles per unit
      area (NA) was calculated. Various stereological formulae were applied to these
      data to determine the number of test objects per unit volume (NV). For large
      numbers of those test objects most closely approximating the parameters of
      cortical synapses, the formula NV = NA/d and the DeHoff and Rhines formula ('61)
      for polydispersed circular disks NV = 8NAZ/ pi 2 (where Z is the mean of the
      reciprocals of the trace lengths) gave accurate results (error less than or equal
      to 5%). Other popular formulae and procedures were not as accurate and
      underestimated their number by as much as 32%.

PMID- 3881486
TI  - Cerebral MR and CT imaging in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and CT of three patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob
      disease (CJD) showed bilateral cortical atrophy and no apparent white matter
      changes. Serial examinations revealed the progressive nature of the atrophy,
      findings compatible with the patients' clinical deterioration. At autopsy some
      white matter abnormalities were detected in one patient 6 months after MR
      imaging. The available data suggest that the white matter abnormalities, if
      present, develop during the final stage of CJD.

PMID- 3881487
TI  - A stereotactic method of anatomical localization for positron emission
      tomography.
AB  - Extant methods for anatomical localization within a physiological image are
      inadequate for precise regional correlations between anatomy and physiology. We
      have developed a method for determining the location of any region of interest
      within a positron emission tomographic (PET) image by transformation of the
      tomographic location coordinates into coordinates within a stereotactic atlas of
      the human brain. The specific anatomical assumptions of this approach were
      identified and validated within groups of normal subjects by means of
      measurements made from lateral skull radiographs and nuclear magnetic resonance
      proton images. A high degree of accuracy and reproducibility was demonstrated
      when this technique was applied to groups of normal subjects by determining the
      anatomical location of two physiologically defined PET areas: the cavernous sinus
      and visually responsive cortex. This method is simple to implement and highly
      objective. Generalization of the localization procedure for use with structural
      tomography is readily accomplished.

PMID- 3881488
TI  - Multiple calcified chondrohamartomas of the lung: CT appearance.
AB  - Although pulmonary hamartomas are the most common benign neoplasm of the lung,
      multiple hamartomas are uncommon and multiple chondromatous hamartomas are very
      rare. We describe the CT findings in a patient with multiple chondromatous
      hamartomas without Carney syndrome and review the literature pertaining to this
      entity.

PMID- 3881489
TI  - MR imaging of a hemorrhagic hepatic cyst in a patient with polycystic liver
      disease.
AB  - The appearance of a hemorrhagic hepatic cyst in a patient with polycystic disease
      of the liver is reported with CT, ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance.
      Magnetic resonance provided useful diagnostic information not available with
      either CT or US.

PMID- 3881490
TI  - Diffuse mesenteric amyloidosis: CT, sonographic, and pathologic findings.
AB  - We report an unusual case of diffuse infiltration of the mesentery by
      amyloidosis. The CT, sonographic, and operative findings mimicked abdominal
      carcinomatosis.

PMID- 3881491
TI  - Metastatic neoplasm to the kidney studied by computed tomography and sonography.
AB  - Due to the widespread use of CT for tumor staging and diagnostic workup, the
      discovery of metastatic neoplasm to the kidney has become a more frequent
      occurrence. Nine patients with metastatic carcinoma to the kidney have been
      studied by CT, including six by sonography. Carcinoma of the lung was the primary
      tumor in eight. Bilateral renal involvement was seen in all cases. The
      presentation of the clinical and radiologic findings in these cases with
      differential diagnosis is included.

PMID- 3881492
TI  - Structural changes in the oxidation zones of gold alloys for porcelain bonding
      containing small amounts of Fe and Sn.
AB  - The oxidized surfaces of cross-sections of gold alloys containing a total of 1.5
      mass % Fe and Sn, oxidized at 1000 degrees C for one hr, have been studied by
      various techniques, including secondary electron micro-analysis, X-ray micro
      analysis, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetry. Over the composition range
      (0.30-1.50 mass % Fe), an external oxidation zone containing only Fe oxides was
      formed. The quantity of Fe2O3 was greater than that of SnO2 for 0.45-1.50 mass %
      Fe. With an Fe content below 0.45 mass %, the amount of SnO2 was greater than
      that of Fe2O3. Traces of Fe3O4 were formed in high Sn content alloys. Internal
      oxidation particles composed of Fe2O3 and SnO2 precipitated deep in the alloy
      matrix (0.90-1.50 mass % Fe), and these changed to an internal oxidation band
      composed mainly of SnO2 for 0.3 mass % Fe.

PMID- 3881493
TI  - Use of technique metal in preclinical education: effect on student products and
      performance.
AB  - As a result of the theft of dental students' gold issue, use of a less expensive
      technique alloy in a preclinical course was evaluated as a substitute for
      conventional gold alloy. Three-unit all-metal fixed partial dentures were
      fabricated by sophomore dental students as part of a fixed prosthodontics
      preclinical technique course. One group of students used a conventional gold
      alloy and a second group used a technique alloy. Except for solder joint
      appearance, similarities in student performance and perceptions indicated that
      technique alloy is an acceptable, cost-effective substitute for gold in
      preclinical courses.

PMID- 3881494
TI  - Histo-Clear to replace xylene in the dermatopathology laboratory.

PMID- 3881495
TI  - Nasotracheal intubation versus tracheostomy for intermittent positive pressure
      ventilation in neonatal tetanus.
AB  - Fifty-two neonates with tetanus who required muscle paralysis and IPPV were
      managed alternatively with naso-tracheal intubation or tracheostomy. The
      complications of the two techniques were compared. Planned extubation caused less
      problems in the intubated than in the tracheostomized children, and secondary
      infection occurred less often. Accidental extubation, however, was a significant
      hazard in the intubated child.

PMID- 3881496
TI  - Clinical superiority of a new nonionic contrast agent (iopamidol) for cardiac
      angiography.
AB  - The hemodynamic and electrophysiologic alterations induced by ionic contrast
      agents during cardiac angiography are well described. Recently nonionic contrast
      agents have become available for cardiac angiography. To evaluate the safety of
      these new agents, a double-blind randomized study was performed comparing a new
      nonionic agent (iopamidol) with a commonly used ionic contrast agent (Renografin
      76). Eighty-one patients undergoing left ventriculography and coronary
      angiography were included; 41 received iopamidol and 40 received sodium meglumine
      diatrizoate (Renografin-76). After left ventriculography, there was a decrease in
      the arterial pressure with both contrast agents. However, the severity and the
      duration of hypotension were both significantly greater with Renografin-76
      compared with the new nonionic agent (p less than 0.001). After selective
      injections of the coronary arteries, electrocardiographic analysis demonstrated
      that the increase in the QT interval (p less than 0.0002) and the changes in both
      the ST segment and T wave amplitude (p less than 0.001) were significantly
      greater in the Renografin-76 group compared with the iopamidol group. During
      coronary angiography, 8 of the 40 patients receiving Renografin-76 required
      temporary pacing for sinus pauses of 2.5 seconds or more, and 2 of the 40 also
      developed ventricular fibrillation. None of the 41 patients receiving iopamidol
      had these complications. This report demonstrates that the electrocardiographic
      changes, the severity and duration of hypotension and the incidence of serious
      arrhythmias are significantly greater with Renografin-76 than with iopamidol.
      Thus, this new nonionic agent appears to enhance the safety of cardiac
      angiography.

PMID- 3881497
TI  - Comparison of intravenous lorcainide with lidocaine for acute therapy of complex
      ventricular arrhythmias: results of a randomized study with crossover option.
AB  - There is a need for effective, well tolerated, intravenous antiarrhythmic agents.
      The effects of lorcainide, a new class I antiarrhythmic agent, were compared with
      those of lidocaine in a randomized parallel study with cross-over option in 30
      hospitalized patients with frequent (greater than 1/min) complex ventricular
      arrhythmias. Lorcainide loading dose was 2 mg/kg (at 2 mg/min) supplemented, if
      needed, with 100 mg in 1 hour; maintenance dose was 8 mg/h. Lidocaine loading
      dose was 1 mg/kg (at 25 mg/min) supplemented, if needed, with 50 mg in 2 minutes;
      maintenance dose was 2 or 3 mg/min (as needed). Arrhythmias were compared for 2
      hours before and after drug loading. Initially responding patients (minimum of
      70% arrhythmia suppression) were continued on maintenance therapy for 24 hours.
      Patients initially failing or with later arrhythmia escape crossed over to
      alternating therapy (seven to lidocaine, nine to lorcainide). The median
      frequency of premature ventricular complexes decreased by 76% after lidocaine (p
      less than 0.05) and by 93% after lorcainide (p less than 0.001); this difference
      approached significance (p = 0.06). More than 95% arrhythmia suppression was
      achieved by lorcainide in 47% of patients and by lidocaine in only 13% (p less
      than 0.05). Couplets decreased by a median of 100% after lorcainide and by 89%
      after lidocaine. Couplets were eliminated in 62% of the patients after lorcainide
      and in 27% after lidocaine (p = 0.06). There was 100% suppression of runs of
      premature beats in 11 patients after lorcainide and 99% suppression in 10
      patients after lidocaine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3881498
TI  - Limitations of postmortem assessment of human coronary artery size and luminal
      narrowing: differential effects of tissue fixation and processing on vessels with
      different degrees of atherosclerosis.
AB  - Numerous studies have utilized histologic sections of coronary arteries as the
      standard for testing the validity of the angiographic determination of coronary
      artery dimensions. However, little attention has been given to artifactual
      dimensional changes that occur during fixation and histologic processing of
      tissues (dehydration, clearing, embedding, sectioning and staining). Using
      planimetric techniques, the dimensional changes that occurred with fixation and
      processing were quantitated in 61 coronary artery segments with minimal or
      moderate to severe atherosclerosis obtained from 12 patients studied at autopsy.
      In vessels with minimal atherosclerotic narrowing, fixation and processing
      resulted in a decrease in total vessel cross-sectional area and luminal cross
      sectional area (p less than or equal to 0.05), whereas absolute wall area (total
      vessel cross-sectional area minus luminal cross-sectional area) did not change (p
      = NS). These disproportionate changes resulted in an alteration in the relation
      between lumen and wall areas so that luminal cross-sectional area decreased from
      47.6 +/- 8.5% of the total vessel cross-sectional area observed before fixation
      to 36.2 +/- 7% after processing (p less than or equal to 0.05). In vessels with
      moderate to severe atherosclerosis, both the total cross-sectional area and wall
      area decreased after fixation and processing (p less than or equal to 0.05), but
      luminal area did not change (p = NS). As a result, the percent luminal cross
      sectional area in these vessels increased from 21.1 +/- 10.1% before fixation to
      28.7 +/- 9.7% after processing (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3881499
TI  - Plasma epinephrine concentration in healthy men: correlation with systolic
      pressure and rate-pressure product.
AB  - Relations among plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine and renin activity and
      systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, heart rate and the product of heart rate
      and systolic pressure (rate-pressure product) were evaluated in 31 healthy men
      whose arterial pressure spanned the range from normal to mildly elevated.
      Measurements were made during 60 minutes with the patient in the supine position
      and during 10 minutes of quiet standing. In the supine position, highly
      significant regressions were found between systolic pressure or rate-pressure
      product and plasma epinephrine, but not between these variables and
      norepinephrine or renin activity. A weakly significant correlation was also found
      between heart rate and norepinephrine. On standing, norepinephrine and
      epinephrine increased significantly. In this position, rate-pressure product was
      significantly related by regression analysis only with plasma epinephrine. Weakly
      significant correlations between systolic pressure and epinephrine and between
      heart rate and norepinephrine and epinephrine were also found. Plasma renin
      activity was not significantly correlated with arterial pressure, heart rate or
      rate-pressure product in either position. These results suggest that plasma
      epinephrine is a determinant of systolic pressure when postural reflexes are
      minimized and that epinephrine may participate in control of cardiac work load,
      as reflected by rate-pressure product in the absence of exercise or definable
      stress.

PMID- 3881500
TI  - Atrioventricular conduction versus heart size from mouse to whale.

PMID- 3881501
TI  - Effect of beclomethasone dipropionate on bronchial responsiveness to histamine in
      controlled nonsteroid-dependent asthma.
AB  - We investigated the possibility that corticosteroids can reduce bronchial
      responsiveness to histamine by mechanisms other than change in airway caliber.
      Ten adult asthmatic subjects were selected because their symptoms were controlled
      by bronchodilators alone, they had no recent respiratory infection or allergen
      exposure that might have temporarily altered responsiveness, their spirometry was
      more than 70% predicted, and they had a range of histamine bronchial
      hyperresponsiveness. They received, in random order and double-blind manner,
      beclomethasone dipropionate (400 micrograms daily) or placebo for 4 wk and then,
      after a 2-week washout period, they crossed over to the other treatment for 4 wk.
      Treatment with beclomethasone induced a small but significant reduction in
      bronchial responsiveness to histamine (p = 0.014). Although the improvement was
      too small to be considered of clinical significance, its importance lies in the
      mechanisms by which it was produced. Part of the improvement was related to
      improvement in airway caliber, but, even when the data was adjusted for this,
      there was still a significant difference between beclomethasone and placebo
      treatment (p = 0.018). The results suggest that regular treatment with
      corticosteroids can alter bronchial responsiveness through mechanisms other than
      change in airway caliber.

PMID- 3881502
TI  - Activation of neutrophils and monocytes after allergen- and histamine-induced
      bronchoconstriction.
AB  - To determine whether neutrophils and monocytes are activated after allergen
      induced asthma, changes in the expression of complement (C3b) receptors were
      measured by use of the rosette technique. There was a time-dependent increase in
      the percentages of neutrophil and monocyte rosettes in 13 asthmatic patients for
      up to 60 min after allergen-inhalation challenge. This was preceded by elevations
      in the concentrations of serum neutrophil chemotactic activity and reductions in
      the FEV1. These changes were not observed in seven asthmatic patients who had
      histamine-induced bronchoconstriction. The present findings support the view that
      inflammatory cells are activated after allergen-induced asthma and that this may
      be the result of the release of mast cell-associated mediators rather than the
      consequence of bronchoconstriction per se.

PMID- 3881503
TI  - Recent work on low level lead exposure and its impact on behavior, intelligence,
      and learning: a review.

PMID- 3881504
TI  - Diet needs of patients referred to home health.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to document the dietary needs of patients referred
      to home health care. The charts of 812 patients taken for care by the Visiting
      Nurse Association of Chicago (VNA) were reviewed for the physician's diet order,
      number of restrictions, diagnoses, age, height, weight, and fee source. More than
      half of the patients had therapeutic diets ordered by their physicians. A quarter
      of the patients with therapeutic diets had two or more dietary modifications. An
      audit process was developed as a reliability check of the authors' determination
      of the appropriateness of the diet. Review of the charts by registered dietitians
      (R.D.s) showed that three-fourths of the patients appeared to need therapeutic
      diets. Forty-seven percent might have benefited from a different diet. More than
      half of the patients for whom the R.D.s recommended a special diet needed two or
      more modifications. This emphasizes the need for the R.D. to develop a system for
      monitoring the dietary requirements of all patients referred to home health care.
      It further underscores the need for collaboration between physician and
      dietitian. The registered dietitian who works in home health care agencies
      serving diverse age groups needs to be a generalist prepared to develop a plan
      for the total nutrition treatment of persons throughout the life cycle.

PMID- 3881505
TI  - Aging in rodents fed restricted diets.

PMID- 3881507
TI  - Computers in optometric education.
AB  - The use of computers in the educational process is rapidly changing with emphasis
      now being given on the use of computers in improving the education process,
      primarily through computer aided instruction (CAI). A number of optometric
      faculty have developed CAI packages both for class and lab instruction and for
      simulation of clinical care. These activities are only a small part of what
      computers can do to enhance the educational process as the faculties and colleges
      need to emphasize the use of computing for both educational and information uses.
      The potential of improving the way students learn and deal with information is
      there, but the extent of the impact may not be apparent for a number of years.

PMID- 3881506
TI  - Beneficial effect of moderate weight loss in older patients with non-insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus poorly controlled with insulin.
AB  - Fifteen patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, poorly controlled
      on insulin, were enrolled in a weight loss program. Criteria included a fasting
      plasma glucose concentration greater than 200 mg/dl, age in excess of 65 years,
      and the presence of obesity. Twelve of the 15 patients were able to complete the
      program, and the average weight loss of the group was 9 kg. Prior to initiation
      of the weight loss program the 12 patients were receiving (mean +/- SEM) 52 +/- 5
      units of insulin per day and had a mean (+/- SEM) fasting plasma glucose
      concentration of 258 +/- 10 mg/dl. Insulin treatment was discontinued in all
      subjects during the weight loss period, and did not need to be resumed when
      weight stabilization had occurred. On the other hand, reasonable diabetic control
      could not be maintained without medication, and all patients were started on
      chlorpropamide during the period of weight stabilization. With this approach, a
      mean (+/- SEM) fasting glucose concentration of 137 +/- 4 mg/dl was achieved with
      a daily chlorpropamide dose of 354 +/- 30 mg. This dramatic clinical change took
      place despite the fact that no patient achieved ideal body weight. These results
      document the ability of a moderate amount of weight loss to transform patients
      with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, who are overweight and older than
      65 years of age, from treatment failures to treatment successes.

PMID- 3881508
TI  - Carpenter's nails, phonograph needles, piano wires, and safety pins: the history
      of operative fixation of metacarpal and phalangeal fractures.
AB  - This century has witnessed advances in basic sciences that have led to and
      resulted from advances in operative fixation of fractures. In addition to the
      sweeping changes in medicine and surgery, the development of corrosion-resistant
      alloys underpins all current concepts of fracture surgery. Most of the techniques
      were originally borrowed from work on large bones and most of the materials came
      from workshops or sewing boxes. Today, as improved understanding of bone healing
      and appropriate application of mechanical principles to skeletal injuries have
      become indispensable for appreciating the relative value of these techniques,
      operative fixation of hand fractures has emerged as a science in its own right.

PMID- 3881509
TI  - The external ring technique for end-to-side microvascular anastomosis.

PMID- 3881510
TI  - Nail bed avulsions treated with porcine xenografts.

PMID- 3881511
TI  - Silicone synovitis of the wrist.
AB  - Foreign body giant cell synovitis and focal bony destruction requiring secondary
      surgery developed in nine patients after carpal and radiocarpal arthroplasty with
      silicone rubber implants. Synovitis followed silicone rubber replacement of the
      lunate in four patients, the carpal scaphoid in two patients, and the trapezium
      in one patient, trapezial resurfacing hemiarthroplasty in one patient, and total
      wrist arthroplasty in one patient. All the removed implants were deformed. Some
      had changed in color from clear white at the time of insertion to yellow-white or
      deep yellow upon removal. Scanning electron microscopy of a silicone rubber
      implant of the lunate removed from one patient revealed extensive fibrillation in
      the capitate fossa. Light microscopy of the synovium revealed hyperplasia and
      hundreds of fragments of silicone particulate debris throughout the tissue
      adjacent to the implant. The silicone debris was surrounded by multinuclear
      foreign body giant cells in the eight patients from whom the synovium was
      studied. All patients required revision surgery. We believe that in the patients
      studied, synovitis represented a biologic reaction to the silicone fragments
      found scattered throughout the synovium for the following reasons: The synovitis
      found was not present before surgery (except in the patient with rheumatoid
      arthritis); the synovitis found was not associated with the condition for which
      replacement arthroplasty was performed (except in the patient with rheumatoid
      arthritis); synovitis subsided after implants were removed; and synovitis was
      noted histologically in areas of silicone debris and appeared directly related to
      silicone seeding. Fibrillation, fragmentation, and local seeding of silicone
      after carpal or radiocarpal arthroplasty appear related to gradual deformation of
      the implant, which was the result of repeated compressive loading and shearing.
      Clinically significant complications of rubber carpal or radiocarpal arthroplasty
      with silicone rubber implants may develop from silicone synovitis.

PMID- 3881512
TI  - Management of acute distal radioulnar dislocations associated with radial shaft
      substance loss.
AB  - In patients with distal radioulnar dislocations that are associated with a loss
      of radial shaft substance, the use of an external distractor that is applied to
      the distal radial fragment and the proximal ulnar shaft allows proper reduction
      of distal radioulnar articulation. The pins should be placed close to a joint so
      that the holes left after the pins are removed do not act as diaphyseal stress
      risers. The position is maintained by appropriate internal fixation and bone
      grafting of the radius. In cases where the bone is severely crushed and internal
      fixation cannot be applied, the external distractor may be converted to an
      external fixator.

PMID- 3881513
TI  - Germs know no color line: black health and public policy in Atlanta, 1900-1918.

PMID- 3881514
TI  - Lincoln University Medical Department--a forgotten 19th century black medical
      school.

PMID- 3881515
TI  - Politics, medical education and the control of contagious diseases: Sydenham
      Hospital of Baltimore.

PMID- 3881516
TI  - A note on the Pickwickian syndrome and Felix Platter (1536-1614).

PMID- 3881517
TI  - Pioneers in pituitary physiology: Harvey Cushing and Nicolas Paulescu.

PMID- 3881518
TI  - Topographic localization of a 116,000-dalton protein in cartilage.
AB  - A disulfide-bonded greater than 400,000-dalton (greater than 400-kD) protein with
      116-kD subunits in hyaline cartilage from several species has recently been
      described. It constitutes 2-4% of the total noncollagenous protein in 4 M
      guanidinium chloride extracts of normal articular cartilage and accounts for most
      of the total noncollagen, nonproteoglycan protein synthesized in short-term organ
      cultures of canine articular cartilage. In the present study, immunofluorescence
      techniques were used to examine the topographic distribution of the 116-kD
      subunit protein in normal cartilage. In specimens of normal adult articular
      cartilage from several species, the protein was located throughout the matrix.
      More intense staining was observed at the articular surface than in the remainder
      of the uncalcified cartilage. In contrast, in fetal cartilage, the protein was
      uniformly distributed throughout the matrix without a marked increase in surface
      staining. Normal canine menisci and annulus fibrosus also demonstrated moderate
      fluorescence after incubation with the antiserum to the 116-kD subunit protein.
      Normal canine nucleus pulposus, synovium, aorta, and monolayer cultures of canine
      synovial cells exhibited only weak immunofluorescence after incubation with the
      antiserum. Therefore, the 116-kD subunit protein appears to be a ubiquitous
      matrix protein in cartilage.

PMID- 3881519
TI  - Immunohistochemical identification of the uncoupling protein in rat brown adipose
      tissue.
AB  - Brown adipose tissue mitochondria are characterized by the presence of an
      uncoupling protein that gives them an exceptional capacity for substrate
      controlled respiration and thermogenesis. The specific localization of this
      protein in rat brown adipocytes was demonstrated using an immunohistochemical
      technique, the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. Light microscopy
      observations showed that serum antibodies raised against the uncoupling protein
      selectively reacted with multilocular brown adipocytes. No labeling could be
      detected in either unilocular adipocytes, capillaries, or muscle fibers (striated
      and vascular smooth muscle). Staining was more intensive in certain adipocytes
      than in others, suggesting the presence of cellular heterogeneity. The
      specificity of the staining technique was demonstrated by showing that treatment
      of the preparations with antiserum saturated with an excess of uncoupling protein
      almost entirely inhibited brown adipocyte labeling. The specificity and
      selectivity of the PAP method allow the clear differentiation of uncoupling
      protein-containing adipocytes from other cellular types, suggesting that this
      immunohistochemical technique will represent an extremely useful tool for
      studying adipocyte function and differentiation.

PMID- 3881520
TI  - Correlative immunofluorescence and electron microscopy on the same section of
      epon-embedded material.
AB  - Semithick (0.25-0.50 micron) sections, cut from cells stained with fluorescein
      isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated antibodies prior to embedding in Epon, show high
      resolution patterns of immunofluorescence against a background void of
      autofluorescence. These same sections can then be viewed, after uranyl and lead
      staining, in the electron microscope. We clearly establish the specificity of
      this same-section correlative immunofluorescence-electron microscopy approach by
      showing that the immunofluorescent patterns observed in such sections of cells,
      stained prior to embedding for the indirect immunofluorescent localization of
      tubulin, follows the distribution of microtubules within the same sections as
      determined by electron microscopy. We then use this method to demonstrate for the
      first time that the 57 kD core protein of wound tumor virus is associated, at the
      ultrastructural level, with two distinct cellular inclusions in virally infected
      AC-20 cells. In some instances the fidelity in the correlation between the
      distribution of immunofluorescently labeled antigens and the ultrastructure in
      the same section eliminates the need to employ more complex procedures for
      labeling antigens for ultrastructural detection. This technique, therefore,
      provides a rapid and simple first approach to many problems that require the
      ultrastructural localization of specific antigens.

PMID- 3881521
TI  - Accessory cell function in the Con A response: role of Ia-positive and Ia
      negative accessory cells.
AB  - We have examined the role of Ia-positive and Ia-negative accessory cells (AC) and
      soluble factors in Con A-stimulated murine T cell activation. Supernatant fluids
      containing interleukin 1 (IL 1) derived from the P388D1 macrophage cell line and
      from a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage hybridoma provided only
      partial reconstitution of the response of purified T cells (18 to 27%). The
      complete reconstitution obtained with gamma-irradiated spleen cells or LPS
      activated B cells was inhibited by approximately 60 to 77% when anti-Ia antibody
      was included in the culture. Despite this apparent involvement of Ia+ spleen AC,
      Ia-negative L cell AC could also reconstitute the response of both Class I
      restricted Lyt-2+ T cells and Class II-restricted L3T4+ T cells. When the Ia
      negative AC were employed, the L3T4 antigen on L3T4+ T cells played a critical
      role because addition of anti-L3T4 antibody to the culture inhibited the response
      by 85 to 90%. In contrast, anti-L3T4 did not inhibit the response in the presence
      of spleen AC. These results suggest that the molecules involved in T cell-AC
      interactions may vary depending on the AC source. Moreover, at least one of the
      putative target ligands for L3T4 presumably is not Ia, because anti-L3T4
      inhibited T cell stimulation when Ia-negative AC were used.

PMID- 3881522
TI  - Isolated follicular dendritic cells: cytochemical antigen localization, Nomarski,
      SEM, and TEM morphology.
AB  - The objectives of the present study were to determine the cytological features of
      isolated follicular dendritic cells (FDC), which distinguish them from other
      leukocytes or dendritic cell types. Consequently, we have developed methods for
      the fixation, peroxidase cytochemistry, and visualization of FDC, which are
      applicable to cytological evaluations by Nomarski optics, scanning, and
      transmission electron microscopy. A functionally supported identification of FDC
      in vitro was made possible by utilizing, in conjunction with the dendritic
      morphology, the cytochemically identifiable antigen, horseradish peroxidase
      (HRP), and the known capacity of FDC to sequester immune complexes (i.e. HRP-anti
      HRP) on their plasma membranes. The observations showed that FDC constitute a
      relatively pleomorphic, nonphagocytic group, distinct from other dendritic type
      cells such as lymphoid dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, and interdigitating
      cells (LDC, LC, and IDC), as well as typical leukocytes. Morphologically distinct
      FDC were identified as cells either with filiform dendrites or with "beaded"
      dendrites. FDC possessed a single or sometimes a double, lymphocyte-size cell
      body, which contained an irregular, lobated nucleus, Golgi apparatus, numerous
      small vesicles, and some mitochondria. Mitochondria were not abundant in the
      dendritic processes. Filiform dendrites tended to branch and anastomose near the
      cell body and form a radiating "sunburst"-like pattern. On the average, dendrites
      measured 15-20 microns in length and 0.1-0.3 micron in diameter. Occasional
      dendrites were extremely elongated, reached several hundred microns in length,
      and terminated in an enlargement measuring nearly a micron in diameter. Other
      filiform dendrites usually had a club-shaped terminal enlargement. The
      microspheres of "beaded" dendrites ranged between 0.3 and 0.6 micron in diameter.
      The dendritic processes were also shown to have a highly ordered pattern of
      immune complex attachment on their surface, suggestive of a periodic arrangement
      of receptor sites.

PMID- 3881523
TI  - The influence of phase shift in the light-dark cycle on humoral immune responses
      of mice to sheep red blood cells and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
AB  - The influence of a phase shift in the light-dark cycle on humoral immune
      responses against sheep red blood cells (SRBC), a thymus-dependent antigen, and
      against polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a thymus-independent antigen, was studied by
      using 180 BALB/c mice and 150 C3H/HeN mice. Significant suppression of the immune
      response to SRBC and the number of splenic plaque-forming cells (PFC) and
      hemagglutination (HA) titers was observed on days 5 and 6 after inversion of the
      light-dark cycle. On the other hand, the number of splenic PFC and HA titers in
      the blood against PVP were minimally suppressed by the phase shift in C3H/HeN
      mice, except for distortion of the rhythmicity. Corticosterone levels in the
      blood on days 5 and 6 after inversion were higher than those under a normal
      lighting regimen. The appearance of the high corticosterone level in the blood
      after the inversion almost concurred with the suppression of the immune response
      to SRBC. A decrease of the proportion of splenic T cells was also observed on day
      6 after the inversion. These results show that a phase shift in the light-dark
      cycle provokes suppression of the immune response to SRBC, possibly through an
      increase of secretion of corticosterone after light-dark inversion, which induces
      a decrease of the proportion of T lymphocytes in the spleen.

PMID- 3881524
TI  - A monoclonal antibody to a differentiation antigen present on mature human
      macrophages and absent from monocytes.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody is described that has been generated in the mouse against
      cultured human blood monocytes/macrophages. The antibody, designated 25F9,
      belongs to the IgG1 subclass, detects antigens of m.w. 86,000, and does not react
      with freshly isolated blood monocytes but reacts with monocytes after 3 days of
      culture. The expression of the 25F9 antigen on macrophages increases with culture
      time. Furthermore, the antibody is negative on platelets, granulocytes,
      lymphocytes, and a large number of human cell lines except the two melanoma lines
      MeWo and Mel 57. In cryostat sections of normal human tissue (skin, lung, liver,
      thymus) and of inflammatory or neoplastic tissue (cutaneous lymphoma, eczema, BCG
      granuloma, and melanoma), the antibody reacts with scattered macrophages in the
      dermis but not with epidermal Langerhans cells, with alveolar macrophages, with
      liver Kupffer cells, and with scattered macrophages in the cortex and medulla of
      thymus. In eczema, BCG-granuloma, and cutaneous lymphoma, only a few infiltrating
      macrophages were stained. On the other hand, a large number of macrophages and
      melanophages reacted positively in melanoma. In some cases melanoma cells also
      stained weakly positive. Thus, the antibody detects a differentiation antigen
      preferentially expressed on mature, tissue-fixed macrophages and absent from
      blood monocytes.

PMID- 3881525
TI  - Increased incidence of Ia antigen-bearing T lymphocytes in the spontaneously
      diabetic BB rat.
AB  - The frequency of Ia-positive T lymphocytes in spontaneously diabetic BB rats was
      assessed by using monoclonal antibodies and a fluorescence-activated cell sorter.
      These cells peaked in frequency during the early stages of hyperglycemia, with a
      gradual decline toward normal as the disease progressed. Significantly increased
      numbers of Ia-positive T cells were detected in both helper (W3/25+) and
      cytotoxic-suppressor (OX8+) subsets. The elevated levels of Ia-positive T
      lymphocytes in these rats may be relevant to the immune destruction of their beta
      cells.

PMID- 3881526
TI  - In vitro biosynthesis of complement protein D by U937 cells.
AB  - Preliminary studies demonstrating the secretion of antigenic D by blood
      monocytes/macrophages led us to study the biosynthesis of D by U937 cells, a
      human monocyte cell line. The kinetics of secretion of D into cell culture
      supernatants were followed by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay and by hemolytic
      assay. Daily synthesis of antigenic D was nearly linear (mean +/- 1 SD = 5.3 +/-
      2.2 ng D/10(6) cells) over a 6-day period. The D produced after day 2 was
      hemolytically active, with a specific hemolytic activity greater than (although
      in the same range as) D in normal serum. Cycloheximide (10(-7) M) inhibited D
      synthesis, which returned to the levels found in untreated cells after removal of
      the inhibitor. Supernatants and lysates of cells grown in the presence of
      [35S]methionine were incubated with rabbit anti-D serum or FD10-1, a monoclonal
      anti-D antibody, bound to protein A-agarose. Autoradiograms of SDS-PAGE analysis
      of the precipitates demonstrated a main band of an approximate m.w. of 24,000, co
      migrating with purified 125I-D. Identity of this band with D was established by
      blocking with excess purified D. Pulse-chase studies with the use of
      [35S]cysteine demonstrated a single D band both intra and extracellularly. Both
      forms of D had the same apparent m.w. which was approximately 3000 heavier than
      control 125I-D. These data demonstrate that U937 cells synthesize functionally
      active D, which appears to be structurally and antigenically similar to D in
      serum.

PMID- 3881527
TI  - Regulation of idiotope expression. I. The effect of antigen dose on expression of
      certain T15 idiotopes during primary IgM response to S. pneumoniae R36a.
AB  - Clonal heterogeneity among B cells reactive to the same epitope may be determined
      through differences in idiotypy. It appears that clones bearing distinct
      idiotopes may constitute functionally distinct subpopulations. Data suggest that
      idiotopically distinct clones of PC-reactive B cells may be regulated
      independently of one another. We have looked to see whether individual T15+
      clones may also differ in their requirements for activation. Here we examine the
      effect of immunizing doses of antigen on expression of two T15 idiotopes, B36-82
      and B39-38, during both in vivo and in vitro primary responses to Streptococcus
      pneumoniae R36a (Pn) in CB-20 mouse strain. The idiotopes were detected on the
      specific antibody plaque-forming cells (PFC) by using monoclonal anti-idiotopic
      antibodies. We find that distinct patterns of idiotope expression are generated
      by stimulation with different doses of antigen. Immunization with suboptimal and
      super-optimal doses of Pn produced responses dominated by PFC expressing both
      idiotopes, whereas PFC induced by optimal antigen concentrations were primarily
      B36-82+ and B39-38-. These data indicate that the varying of antigen
      concentration may induce the response of different B cells bearing distinct
      idiotypes.

PMID- 3881528
TI  - Characterization of one polypeptide antigen potentially related to protective
      immunity against the blood infection by Plasmodium falciparum in the squirrel
      monkey.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated that squirrel monkeys vaccinated with a
      particular protein fraction of Plasmodium falciparum develop a protective
      immunity that is expressed at the humoral level by the presence of antibodies
      directed essentially against two parasite proteins. We have now isolated a mAb
      that recognizes one of these polypeptides of an apparent m.w. of 90,000 and an
      isoelectric point of 6.2. This parasite protein is synthesized in a short period
      of the asexual blood cycle corresponding to the mature tropho and early schizont
      stages, but is stable up to the end of the schizogony. By immunofluorescence
      analysis, the protein seems to be located essentially at the surface of the
      parasite and/or in the parasitophorous vacuole. The protein is degraded or
      modified in the process of reinvasion, because it was not detected in merozoites
      or in newly invaded RBC. Monoclonal antibody XIV-7 has no inhibitory effect
      against the parasite in vitro.

PMID- 3881529
TI  - Characterization with monoclonal antibodies of a surface antigen of Plasmodium
      falciparum merozoites.
AB  - The merozoite, the extracellular form of the erythrocyte stage of the malarial
      parasite, invades the erythrocyte and develops intracellularly. Cloned hybridoma
      cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies directed against the merozoite surface
      were selected by indirect immunofluorescent assay by using intact isolated
      merozoites. Monoclonal antibodies to a 200,000 m.w. merozoite surface antigen
      were selected and were used to characterize this protein and its role in
      erythrocyte invasion. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that the antigen was
      located exclusively on the merozoite surface coat, distributed evenly over the
      entire surface. The 200,000 m.w. protein incorporated [3H]glucosamine, suggesting
      that it is a glycoprotein and could be purified to homogeneity by using immuno
      affinity chromatography. Freshly isolated, invasive merozoites retained the
      200,000 m.w. antigen, but the protein was rapidly cleaved to proteins of 90,000
      and 50,000 m.w. when the merozoite was extracellular. The 50,000 m.w. fragment
      was retained the epitope binding to monoclonal antibody 5B1 and were labeled with
      [3H]glucosamine. Monoclonal antibodies against the 200,000 m.w. antigen partially
      inhibited merozoite invasion into erythrocytes.

PMID- 3881530
TI  - A role for carbohydrate moieties in the immune response to malaria.
AB  - Treatment of antigen prepared from asexual blood stages of the human malarial
      parasite Plasmodium falciparum with a mixture of glycosidases resulted in a
      reduction in the ability of the antigen to bind antibodies from immune human and
      monkey sera in an ELISA assay. Some of the epitopes in the parasite material were
      heat stable, protease resistant, and sensitive to glycosidases. Proteins of Mr
      110,000 and 65,000 from parasitized RBC were shown to have reduced antigenicity
      in Western blots after glycosidase treatment. The carbohydrate side chains of
      parasite glycoproteins therefore make a contribution to the total antigenicity of
      the parasite.

PMID- 3881531
TI  - Human monocyte-mediated lysis of antibody-coated tumor cells: the role of the
      cytoskeleton in monocytes.
AB  - Human monocytes (M phi) show high cytolytic activity towards antibody-coated
      tumor cells (AbK562). In this report, the relationship between the cytoskeleton
      in the M phi and the M phi cytolytic activity has been investigated. The actin
      filament inhibitors cytochalasin B and dihydrocytochalasin B (H2CB) both reduced
      M phi-mediated lysis of AbK562 cells by approximately 50% at a concentration of 1
      microM. This concentration of H2CB did not inhibit the number of target cells
      bound to M phi. Dihydrocytochalasin B did not inhibit the M phi ability to
      release cytotoxic protein factors, suggesting that H2CB does not inhibit lysis by
      inhibiting release of cytotoxic protein factors. Immunofluorescence microscopy
      showed a rapid accumulation of actin filaments towards the contact area in more
      than 80% of the examined M phi-AbK562 conjugates. Exposure to H2CB did not
      prevent this accumulation, but caused aggregation of the accumulated actin
      filaments in the contact area with the target cell. Accumulation of actin
      filaments did not occur toward tumor cells not coated with antibodies. Scanning
      and thin section electron microscopy demonstrated large M phi pseudopodia
      directed toward the AbK562 cells, with close apposition of the effector and
      target cell membranes with interdigitations. The formation of the M phi
      pseudopodia was inhibited by exposure to H2CB. These observations indicate that M
      phi membrane motility toward AbK562 cells is closely related to M phi-mediated
      lysis of AbK562 cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy of the microtubule
      organizing center (MTOC) and the Golgi apparatus revealed that both the MTOC and
      the Golgi apparatus in M phi reoriented towards the bound AbK562 cells in
      approximately 45% of the examined M phi-AbK562 conjugates. The microtubule
      depolymerizing drugs colchicine and vinblastine did not inhibit M phi-mediated
      lysis of AbK562 cells at concentrations which disrupted the microtubule arrays in
      the M phi. The carboxylic ionophore monensin, which blocks Golgi-derived
      secretion, inhibited M phi-mediated lysis of AbK562 to a lesser extent as
      compared to H2CB. These results suggest that microtubule functions are of less
      importance in M phi-mediated lysis of AbK562 cells as compared to actin filament
      functions. However, the MTOC and the Golgi apparatus could participate in M phi
      mediated lysis of AbK562 cells by mechanisms related to secretion of cytotoxic
      molecules.

PMID- 3881533
TI  - Application of image analysis for quantitative immunoperoxidase detection of IgE
      containing cells in lymphoid tissues.
AB  - Methods for the quantitation of antigen or antibody specific cells within
      lymphoid structures rely on the laborious and often inaccurate counting of
      stained cells visually under the microscope. To circumvent these problems we used
      a combination of computer-linked image analysis, with the Quantimet 720 and
      specific staining for IgE by immunoperoxidase, to produce a relatively easy,
      accurate method for the quantitation of specifically stained cells within tonsils
      and lymph nodes. Frozen sections of bovine lymph nodes and tonsils were stained
      in an indirect immunoperoxidase technique with either rabbit anti-bovine IgE or
      normal rabbit serum as the primary reagent. Examination of the stained slides on
      the Quantimet 720 image analyzing computer revealed cells that were sufficiently
      dark to be considered above the 'threshold level' of background staining. These
      were counted as positive picture points. A quantitative evaluation of the
      relative number of IgE containing cells within the particular lymphoid tissue was
      arrived at by determining the difference between the percent positive picture in
      the control tissue incubated with normal rabbit serum (background) and in the
      sample treated with rabbit anti-IgE. Using this method, it was readily possible
      to quantitate the presence of IgE containing cells in the tonsils of calves; the
      highest percentage of positive tissue was present in the tonsils of calves
      exposed to ovalbumin. Image analysis is a useful technique for quantitative
      evaluation of any immunoperoxidase stained tissues.

PMID- 3881532
TI  - Fluorescence polarization assay by flow cytometry.
AB  - Fluorescence polarization measurement on cell suspensions provides a highly
      sensitive means for detecting subtle changes in the cells, such as occur early
      after lymphocyte activation or on malignant transformation. We review here the
      principles of fluorescence polarization, its measurement by a commercially
      available flow cytometer and application of such assays especially in cellular
      immunology.

PMID- 3881534
TI  - A rapid and sensitive non-competitive avidin-biotin assay for lactoferrin.
AB  - We have developed an avidin-biotin assay for the detection of lactoferrin in
      human seminal plasma. We compared 5 modifications of this assay, and found the
      non-competitive avidin-biotin assay (NABA) to be the most sensitive. The
      detection limit of 3-step NABA was 0.2 or 0.1 ng lactoferrin/ml, depending
      whether avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) or avidin-peroxidase was used. The
      intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation for 3-step NABA were 6.2
      and 8.5%, respectively. The lactoferrin levels of human seminal plasma samples
      measured by 3-step NABA and radioimmunoassay (RIA) showed good correlation (r =
      0.96). The total performance time of 3-step NABA is flexible and the method can
      be modified for rapid (less than 1 h) or overnight assay according to need.

PMID- 3881535
TI  - Localization of basement membrane components in mucous membrane pemphigoid.
AB  - We examined the distribution of laminin, type IV collagen, and fibronectin in
      subepithelial vesicles of oral mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP). Indirect
      immunofluorescence staining of these macromolecules was performed on 10 frozen
      biopsy specimens of oral MMP. We found type IV collagen in the connective tissue
      floor and laminin in the epithelial roof of these lesions. Our results suggest
      that the inflammatory injury in oral MMP may disrupt the interaction of laminin
      with type IV collagen in the basement membrane zone.

PMID- 3881536
TI  - Effect of ultraviolet B radiation on S-100 protein antigen in epidermal
      Langerhans cells.
AB  - Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation has been shown to induce significant alterations in
      both function and surface antigen expression of epidermal Langerhans cells (ELC).
      In this study we investigated the effect of UVB radiation on ELC marker S-100
      protein antigen (S-100 Ag) which is present in the nucleus and cytoplasm of human
      ELC. A total of 34 sites on 31 volunteers were exposed to 3 MED (minimal erythema
      dose) of UVB and biopsied at various times up to 7 days after irradiation. Skin
      from 9 noninjured and 7 slice-wounded subjects served as controls. The avidin
      biotin-peroxidase staining technique was used to identify S-100 Ag in sections of
      formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, and the numbers of stained suprabasal
      dendritic cells were then counted over a 200 basal cell length of interfollicular
      epidermis. Noninjured skin had 3.56 +/- 3.01 cells, whereas slice-wounded skin
      had elevated numbers (greater than 10.0 cells) at 1, 24, and 48 h after injury.
      Following UVB irradiation, a significant (p less than 0.001) increase in antigen
      positive cells (14 +/- 3.46) was found at 1 h; this number declined to just below
      normal at 12 h, but by 48 h returned to and remained at preinjury levels. In
      contrast to previous observations of the depletion of ELC surface markers by UVB
      radiation, we demonstrate here that the numbers of S-100 Ag-positive ELC actually
      increase following comparable doses of radiation. Since this increase occurs so
      rapidly following both UVB irradiation and slice injury, S-100 Ag may be
      synthesized or unmasked within the ELC as a response to wounding of the
      epidermis.

PMID- 3881537
TI  - Molecular characteristics of SS-B/La and SS-A/Ro cellular antigens.
AB  - Anti-SS-B/La and anti-SS-A/Ro antibodies coexist in certain patients with
      connective tissue diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus or Sjogren's
      syndrome. The respective antigenic structures with which these autoantibodies
      bind have not been fully characterized. The present study was conducted to better
      define these two different cellular antigens. WiL2 cell extracts were used to
      obtain partially purified SS-B/La and SS-A/Ro antigens. Both were found to be
      present in most fractions obtained after sequential purification with ammonium
      sulfate salt precipitation, G-200 gel filtration, DE-52 ion exchange
      chromatography, and preparative slab gel electrophoresis. However, SS-B/La
      antigenic activity was also found to be present in some fractions that did not
      contain detectable SS-A/Ro activity. These findings suggested the existence of
      two different forms of SS-B/La antigen: one containing the SS-B/La antigen only
      and the other containing both the SS-B/La and SS-A/Ro antigens. The RNA and
      protein components of these two ribonuclear protein particles were further
      defined by immunoprecipitation experiments using 32P-labeled WiL2 cell extract.
      The SS-B/La antigen was found to be associated with several RNAs while the SS
      A/Ro antigen was associated with several other distinct RNAs. Both antibodies
      precipitated a common 43K molecular weight phosphoprotein. The antigenic peptides
      of these 2 antibodies were analyzed using an immunoblot system. The SS-B/La
      antigen was present on a 43K peptide which was unstable and could be degraded to
      several peptides of lower molecular weight (40K, 38K, 30K), while the SS-A/Ro
      antigen occurred on a peptide having a molecular weight of about 60K.

PMID- 3881538
TI  - Human antibody to the group-specific polysaccharide of group B Streptococcus.
AB  - IgG antibody to purified group polysaccharide of group B Streptococcus was
      detected with a specific, reproducible enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in sera
      of 178 human subjects: 106 parturient patients, 67 of their healthy infants, and
      5 adults with invasive infection. Antibody concentrations in 44 parturient
      carriers of group B streptococci were significantly greater than in 44
      noncarriers (geometric mean level, 3.5 and 1.2 micrograms/ml, respectively). Cord
      serum levels agreed closely with maternal serum levels. The sera of 18 mothers of
      infants with early-onset streptococcal infection contained levels (geometric mean
      level, 5.5 micrograms/ml) similar to those of carriers and significantly higher
      than noncarriers. Of five adults with invasive group B streptococcal infection,
      three demonstrated significant increases in antibody titer in consecutive sera,
      and four had antibody concentrations greater than most (93%) noncarriers. These
      findings suggest that group B polysaccharide is immunogenic in humans and that
      levels of specific IgG antibody increase with colonization or infection of adults
      with group B streptococci.

PMID- 3881539
TI  - Antigens of Treponema pallidum recognized by IgG and IgM antibodies during
      syphilis in humans.
AB  - IgG and IgM antibody specificities for antigens of Treponema pallidum Nichols
      strain were determined by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and the western blot technique in sera from patients with
      untreated syphilis, normal persons, persons with biologic false-positive tests
      for syphilis, and sexual contacts of persons with infectious syphilis. IgG
      reactivities of sera from individuals with primary syphilis varied considerably
      but consistently exhibited strong reactivity to a 48-kilodalton band. Sera from
      patients with secondary and early latent syphilis uniformly demonstrated
      reactivity to 22 separate polypeptide antigens; decreased reactivity was seen in
      late latent syphilis. Normal and biologic false-positive sera showed weak IgG
      reactivity against none to 12 polypeptides. Sera from asymptomatic contacts of
      persons with infectious syphilis showed reactivity to a varying number of
      treponemal antigens, including some reactions not seen with normal sera. IgM
      reactivity was most prominent in secondary syphilis but was demonstrable at all
      stages of disease.

PMID- 3881540
TI  - Expression of viral antigens after infection of human lymphocytes, monocytes, and
      macrophages with influenza virus.
AB  - Previous studies demonstrated that in vitro infection with influenza A viruses
      altered several functions of human monocytes and macrophages, but did not
      detectably alter functions of human lymphocytes. For a determination of whether
      both types of leukocytes can be infected by the influenza viruses, human
      mononuclear leukocytes were infected in vitro and assayed for newly produced and
      cell surface-expressed viral antigens, with use of indirect immunofluorescence
      techniques and flow cytometry. Infected cells, including both monocytes and
      lymphocytes, expressed viral hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and matrix protein on
      their surfaces. The expression of influenza virus antigens by such
      immunocompetent cells may be important in human antiviral defense.

PMID- 3881541
TI  - Viral persistence and abnormalities of the central nervous system after
      congenital infection of sheep with border disease virus.
AB  - Lambs congenitally infected with border disease (BD) virus and sheep exposed to
      BD virus as adults were studied for one year to determine the pathogenesis of
      congenital exposure compared with adult exposure to the virus. Persistent BD
      virus was isolated in tissue culture and detected by immunofluorescence of the
      peripheral white blood cells, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid of lambs with
      congenital BD up to one year of age. These animals had no detectable serum
      neutralizing antibody response to the virus for the same interval. BD virus
      antigen was also detected by immunofluorescence in many central nervous system
      tissues of these lambs with congenital BD. Dysmyelination and glial proliferation
      in the central nervous system and microencephaly were noted in the lambs with
      congenital BD, and these lesions appeared to remain the same over a 12-month
      period.

PMID- 3881542
TI  - Adverse effects of high-dose intravenous acyclovir in ambulatory patients with
      acute herpes zoster.

PMID- 3881543
TI  - IgE and IgG antibody against human (recombinant DNA) insulin in patients with
      systemic insulin allergy.
AB  - We demonstrated IgE and IgG antibodies to human (rDNA) insulin as well as to
      bovine and porcine insulin in the serum of two patients with systemic insulin
      allergy by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also demonstrated IgE and
      total antibody binding to bovine insulin with the use of radioimmunoassays. Both
      patients had cutaneous reactivity to all three insulins. When the serum of one
      patient was preincubated with human, porcine, or bovine insulin, there was
      inhibition of binding of the patient's IgE and IgG antibodies to human insulin.
      The other patient had very low levels of IgE antibodies to insulin and thus only
      IgG inhibition was possible. Preincubation with human insulin inhibited binding
      of each patient's antibodies to bovine or porcine insulin. We conclude that, for
      these two patients, human insulin has all the antigenic determinants that bovine
      and porcine insulin have. Therefore, human insulin for these two patients will
      not eliminate insulin allergy in all patients with systemic allergy to animal
      insulin, because there are patients whose antibodies recognize determinants
      common to commercial human, bovine, and porcine insulin.

PMID- 3881544
TI  - Pulmonary sarcoidosis: flow cytometry measurement of lung T cell activation.
AB  - Lung T cell activation is considered a major factor in the pathogenesis of
      pulmonary sarcoidosis. Our study was designed to investigate several parameters
      of T cell activation among blood and alveolar cell populations, including
      expression of HLA-DR or MLR antigens, increased cell size, and presence of
      dividing cells. Blood sampling and bronchoalveolar lavages were performed in 20
      patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Cell populations were analyzed by flow
      cytometry using immunofluorescence labeling with monoclonal antibodies to
      lymphocyte differentiation or activation antigens. Cell types were identified by
      their light-scattering properties. Cell cycle analysis was done after staining
      with acridine orange. Bronchoalveolar lavage contained a higher proportion of
      small T4-positive lymphocytes, and large cells of the same phenotype were
      detected in three patients. T cells bearing HLA-DR antigens were detected in six
      of 14 bronchoalveolar lavage samples. A marked increased of MLR-positive cells
      was found in the peripheral blood of eight of eight patients and in the
      bronchoalveolar lavage of five of seven patients. Increased percentages of cells
      in the S + G2 + M phases were found in blood lymphocytes from three patients and
      in half the bronchoalveolar lavage samples. Therefore, a variety of activation
      markers may be expressed by alveolar T cells. Their qualitative and quantitative
      assessment may provide additional criteria for staging the intensity of the
      alveolitis, and the possible relationship between these markers and disease
      progression or activity deserves long-term clinical investigation.

PMID- 3881545
TI  - Effect of Piracetam on dyslexic's reading ability.

PMID- 3881546
TI  - Characterization of subsets of bone marrow-derived macrophages by flow cytometry
      analysis.
AB  - Normal C3H bone marrow cells were grown 7 days in medium containing L cell
      derived colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1). During the first 4 days of culture,
      erythroid and granulocytic cells decreased while macrophages increased
      exponentially with a doubling time of about 31 hr. Only 0.3% of all cells in the
      initial bone marrow suspension formed discrete colonies of mononuclear
      phagocytes, but by day 6 60% of the nonadherent cells were capable of forming
      macrophage colonies, representing a 200-fold enrichment of the original
      progenitor population. Using flow cytometry, mononuclear phagocytes obtained
      after 4 days of culture were separated into two distinct phenotypes based on
      their autofluorescence. Nonadherent cells were a discrete population of small
      cells exhibiting low autofluorescence, and the adherent cells were a broad
      heterogeneous population of large cells exhibiting high autofluorescence. A panel
      of currently available rat monoclonal antibodies (MABs) against murine
      hematopoietic cells were used to determine whether unique subsets of macrophages
      could be resolved. The MABs RA 31B6 and H-11 stained virtually all the
      nonadherent cells but not adherent cells. The MABs E-2 and 11-4.1 (anti-H-2Kk)
      stained almost all the adherent cells and demonstrated no significant staining of
      nonadherent cells. Nearly all the nonadherent and adherent cells were stained by
      the MABs DNL 4.4 and MAC-1. Additionally, the data suggest that the epitopes for
      MAC-2 and MAC-3 and gamma 2a Fc receptors develop late in nonadherent progenitor
      cells as they mature into adherent macrophages.

PMID- 3881547
TI  - Human monocyte recognition of complement-coated lymphoblastoid cells.
AB  - The macrophage system in man plays a significant role in the detection of foreign
      cells. The mechanisms by which macrophages recognize malignant cells, however,
      are not well understood. We used human monocytes and four lymphoblastoid cell
      (LC) lines derived from human acute lymphocytic leukemia to investigate the
      initial recognition of tumor cells by monocytes. IgM antibody mediated the
      binding of these cells to monocytes only in the presence of complement. The
      stepwise addition of complement components to IgM-coated LC indicated that C3 was
      necessary to monocyte binding. Similarly, monocyte recognition of IgM-coated LC
      was maximal in the presence of sera from patients with congenital C5 or C6
      deficiency, but absent in the presence of sera deficient C4 or from a patient
      with congenital C2 deficiency. Complement activation was associated with C3
      consumption and the deposition of substantial amounts of C3 on to LC. Although 3H
      C3 bound to LC appeared stable for 2 hours, approximately 4.0 +/- 2 X 10(5) 3H-C3
      per LC was necessary for monocyte recognition, compared to approximately 2.7 +/-
      0.5 X 10(3) 3H-C3 per RBC. The data indicate that LC can be recognized by
      monocytes through complement by mechanisms similar to nonmalignant target cells.
      However, substantial amounts of C3 are necessary to induce monocyte recognition
      of IgM-coated LC and, thus, such complement mediated recognition may be
      inefficient.

PMID- 3881548
TI  - Georgia's surgical leaders.

PMID- 3881549
TI  - Renaissance man [Hervey Milton Cleckley].

PMID- 3881550
TI  - Dr. Lois T. Ellison: a leader in Georgia medicine.

PMID- 3881551
TI  - Inhibition of growth hormone release by rumen distension in female goats.
AB  - Six rumen-fistulated, overnight-fasted, female British Saanen goats were used. In
      preliminary experiments on two of the goats, evidence was obtained that inflation
      of a balloon with water in the cranial sac of the rumen was accompanied by
      inhibition of GH release. In a definitive series of experiments on the other four
      goats (one goat on 1 day = one experiment), a total of 96 experiments were
      carried out, 48 of which were balloon inflations with 2.5 litres water at 37
      degrees C in the cranial sac of the rumen for 40 min and 48 were control
      experiments on alternate days. It was found that the mean plasma GH concentration
      of the samples taken at the end of the 40-min inflation period was significantly
      (P less than 0.05) lower than the mean value of the samples taken at the start of
      inflation. Mean control values at the start and finish of inflation were not
      significantly different. There were no significant differences between mean
      plasma insulin concentrations at the start and finish of inflation in
      experimental and control groups. It is concluded that distension of the cranial
      rumen in the goat is a signal which can inhibit the release of GH.

PMID- 3881552
TI  - Mitogenic actions of insulin on fetal and neonatal rat cells in vitro.
AB  - Insulin has been implicated in the regulation of fetal growth. The aim of these
      studies was to determine if insulin has a direct mitogenic effect on fetal and
      neonatal rat cells in vitro. Myoblasts and fibroblasts were isolated from
      skeletal muscle and grown until myotube formation began or until fibroblasts were
      confluent. The cultures were then incubated in the presence of insulin (10(-5)
      10(-1) units/ml) and its effects were measured by the cellular incorporation of
      [3H]-thymidine. Myoblasts from fetuses of 21 days of gestation showed a marked,
      linear dose-response to insulin, significant increases over control values being
      observed at 2 X 10(-5) units/ml or 2 X 10(-4) units/ml in five out of seven
      experiments. Neither myoblasts from 19-day fetuses or neonates nor fibroblasts
      from animals of any of the three ages showed a significant thymidine uptake
      response to insulin. Myoblasts released immunoreactive somatomedin-C-like
      activity into the culture medium, but this was not related to fetal age nor to
      the presence of insulin in the culture medium. The results suggest that insulin
      may have a direct role in fetal muscle growth.

PMID- 3881553
TI  - Effects of dietary energy supply on serum thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine and
      insulin concentrations in young horses.
AB  - The effects of meal ingestion on the circulating concentrations of the growth
      regulating hormones thyroxine (T4), tri-iodothyronine (T3) and insulin were
      examined in weanling Thoroughbreds fed 70% (diet A), 100% (diet B) or 130% (diet
      C) of their energy and protein requirements. Peak insulin concentrations occurred
      1, 2 and 3 h after the ingestion of diets C, B and A respectively. Increases in
      plasma glucose concentrations preceded the increases in serum insulin
      concentrations. Serum T4 concentrations increased after the ingestion of diets A
      and B and decreased after diet C. In contrast, serum T3 concentrations were
      unaffected by ingestion of diet A but increased after the ingestion of diets B
      and C. The increase was much greater and more rapid in the horses fed diet C.
      However, the decrease in T4 concentration was five times greater than the
      increase in T3 concentration. Accelerated insulin secretion after the ingestion
      of a meal high in energy (carbohydrate) content was therefore associated with
      decreased T4 secretion and accelerated T4 conversion to T3. However, 6 months
      later serum T4 and T3 concentrations were unaffected by meal ingestion.

PMID- 3881554
TI  - Suppression of luteal progesterone secretion in the stumptailed macaque by an
      antagonist analogue of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone.
AB  - The dependence of progesterone secretion from the corpus luteum on pituitary
      gonadotrophin was examined in the cyclic stumptaile macaque by studying the
      effects of a single s.c. injection of a potent LH releasing hormone (LHRH)
      antagonist, [N-Ac-D-Nal(2)1, D-pCl-Phe2, D-Trp3, D-hArg(Et2)6, D-Ala10] LHRH. A
      dose of 100 micrograms antagonist/kg administered on days 9/10 of the luteal
      phase in three monkeys caused a marked temporary suppression of serum
      concentrations of LH and progesterone during the following 32h but levels still
      remained detectable and after 2 days serum hormone concentrations returned to the
      normal luteal-phase range. When the same animals were treated with 300 micrograms
      antagonist/kg at the same period during a subsequent cycle, serum LH levels were
      close to or at the limits of detection of the bioassay for the next 48h and
      progesterone concentrations declined steadily, reaching non-detectable values by
      48h. In two monkeys the progesterone levels remained suppressed and they
      menstruated prematurely; in the third monkey the progesterone concentration rose
      to just above baseline and menstruation occurred at the expected time.
      Administration of 300 micrograms antagonist/kg on days 6/7 of the luteal phase in
      a further three monkeys also suppressed progesterone concentrations but not to
      baseline values, and after 2 days a normal progesterone profile was regained.
      These results suggest that the corpus luteum of the stumptailed macaque is
      largely dependent on pituitary gonadotrophin support during the mid to late
      luteal phase.

PMID- 3881555
TI  - Lack of growth hormone-dependent somatomedins or growth retardation in
      hypophysectomized fetal lambs.
AB  - Fetal lambs were hypophysectomized and, after 8 days of recovery, given infusions
      of GH, prolactin, thyroxine and insulin with glucose. Hypophysectomy caused no
      consistent reduction in fetal plasma somatomedin-like activity. Fetal infusions
      of GH or prolactin caused no consistent change in plasma somatomedin-like
      activity. It was concluded that fetal somatomedin-like activity is not GH
      dependent. After hypophysectomy fetal lambs showed no reduction in body weight or
      length at term.

PMID- 3881556
TI  - Massive induction of donor-type class I and class II major histocompatibility
      complex antigens in rejecting cardiac allografts in the rat.
AB  - DA (RT1a) hearts were transplanted into PVG (RT1c) or DA recipients, excised on
      days 1, 3, 5, or 7 after grafting, and examined by immunohistological techniques
      and quantitative absorption analyses, using allospecific mouse anti-rat class I
      and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) monoclonal antibodies.
      Cryostat sections stained by the peroxidase technique demonstrated that, in the
      normal heart, class I antigens were largely restricted to vascular endothelium
      and interstitial cells, with no observable staining of the myocardial cells
      except at the intercalated discs. Class II antigens were found only on occasional
      interstitial dendritic cells. The picture at day 1 after transplantation was not
      noticeably different. By day 3, however, there was clear patchy induction of both
      class I and class II antigens on the myocardial cells, usually in the region of
      cellular infiltrates. By day 5, class I antigens had been strongly induced
      throughout the graft, with the myocardial cells being very strongly positive.
      Class II antigens were also uniformly expressed on myocardial cells at day 5, and
      at this stage the vascular endothelium was also strongly positive. Quantitative
      absorption analyses showed a 10-fold increase in class I antigen content in
      cardiac allografts at day 5 after transplantation when compared with normal DA
      heart. DA heart isografts showed no increase in class II antigens, but it was
      interesting that, by 5 d after grafting, there appeared to be some expression of
      class I antigens on the myocardial cells. Quantitative absorptions showed a
      threefold increase in class I antigens on 5-d isografts when compared with normal
      DA heart.

PMID- 3881557
TI  - Biochemical analysis of rabies virus proteins in three persistently infected BHK
      21 cell lines.
AB  - Three BHK-21 cell lines persistently infected with the CVS strain of rabies virus
      were passaged for 2.5 years at 37 degrees C. These cells contained relatively
      stable amounts of N, M1 and L proteins. Comparison of tryptic peptide maps of
      proteins from persistently infected (PI) cells and from purified virions did not
      reveal any changes in the N protein, whereas M1 had undergone several
      modifications. Phosphorylation of M1 seemed to be greater in PI cells than in
      acutely infected cells, whereas phosphorylation of N was equivalent. Amounts of
      viral G and M2 proteins in PI cells were less than 10% of those present in
      acutely infected cells incubated for 24 h. Stability of the N protein, limited
      genetic evolution of the M1 protein probably implicated in transcription and
      replication of the virus, and reduction of the quantity of the membrane proteins
      G and M2 were general characteristics of our three PI cell lines. Decrease of the
      quantity of virus proteins associated with external membranes could explain why
      cells survive to the persistent infection. The composition of viral material
      released from PI cells was different from that of the virions produced from
      acutely infected cells. Substantial reduction of L, G and M2, and/or M1 was
      observed and the particles were of low infectivity.

PMID- 3881559
TI  - The criminality of narcotic addicts.
AB  - Recent research conducted by independent investigators concerning the
      relationship between crime and narcotic (primarily heroin) addiction has revealed
      a remarkable degree of consistency of findings across studies. The major
      conclusion supported by the majority of these studies is that narcotic addicts
      commit a vast amount of crime and that much of this is directly related to the
      need to purchase drugs. A large proportion of the crimes committed does not
      consist merely of drug sales or possession, but involves other criminal behaviors
      including serious crimes. The strongest evidence of a causal relationship between
      narcotic drug use and crime is derived from longitudinal studies in which the
      amount of crime committed during periods of active addiction far exceeds that
      committed during periods of nonaddiction. Much of this crime goes unreported,
      although addicts, under conditions of strict confidentiality, have provided
      information that permits realistic estimates of criminal activity. Use of this
      methodology has permitted the identification of different types of addicts,
      especially with respect to the amounts and types of crimes in which they are
      engaged. The implication of these findings is that although addicts as a group
      commit a great amount of crime, they cannot be regarded as a homogeneous class.
      Some addicts commit many crimes, regardless of current addiction status, whereas
      others commit relatively few, and these are obviously related to their need to
      purchase drugs. There is a discernible impact of treatment on narcotic drug use
      and criminality. Although the relationships between addict characteristics and
      treatment response have yet to be fully determined, extensive prior criminal
      involvement is associated with a negative outcome.

PMID- 3881558
TI  - Success and failure at outpatient opioid detoxification. Evaluating the process
      of clonidine- and methadone-assisted withdrawal.
AB  - Two controlled trials have suggested that clonidine can be used on an outpatient
      basis to assist in opioid withdrawal, but that rates of successful detoxification
      do not exceed those obtained with gradual methadone reduction. This study
      examines the process of clonidine-and methadone-assisted detoxification to
      provide information about the timing and severity of withdrawal symptoms and side
      effects associated with each of the two methods. Derived from a double-blind
      clinical trial with randomized treatment assignment, data are presented which
      might guide the clinician in the choice of detoxification methods. In this study,
      subjects in either treatment condition had a success rate of approximately 40%
      and most subjects experienced at least moderate withdrawal discomfort in the
      areas of difficulty sleeping, feeling "blah," and craving. In both treatment
      groups the best predictor of detoxification failure was a high level of
      psychological symptoms at the onset of the study. Compared with gradual methadone
      reduction, clonidine treatment resulted in higher levels of withdrawal symptoms
      and side effects, earlier onset of withdrawal discomfort, earlier attrition,
      earlier termination of withdrawal discomfort, and a posttreatment course of drug
      use that was more consistent with success status during the study treatment.

PMID- 3881560
TI  - Adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer: a promising experiment or standard
      practice?

PMID- 3881561
TI  - Adjuvant CMFP versus CMFP plus tamoxifen versus observation alone in
      postmenopausal, node-positive breast cancer patients: three-year results of an
      Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study.
AB  - After mastectomy, 265 postmenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer
      were stratified according to pathologic nodal status and estrogen-receptor (ER)
      status and randomized to receive either 12 cycles of cyclophosphamide,
      methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and prednisone (CMFP), or CMFP plus tamoxifen
      (CMFPT), or observation alone. Patients entered the study between March 1978 and
      July 1981. Cox regression analysis indicated that, compared to observation alone,
      chemotherapy (CMFP and CMFPT groups combined) led to a significant reduction in
      relapses by the end of the first year of study in every examined prognostic
      subgroup. However, after the first year the relapse-free survival curves of all
      treatment groups tended to merge, so that by three years 52% of the observation
      group and 51% of the chemotherapy groups remained disease free. Chemotherapy
      continued to show a significantly superior relapse-free survival rate for three
      years only in the subgroup of patients with ER-negative tumors (the subgroup with
      the largest relapse-free survival advantage at one year). The addition of
      tamoxifen produced no benefit or harm in any prognostic subcategory examined. ER
      status was prognostically important for predicting early relapse only in those
      patients not receiving chemotherapy, due to the greater effectiveness of this
      chemotherapy to prevent early relapse in the ER-negative subgroup. Treatment has
      had no early effect on survival. As breast cancer continues to recur even after
      ten or more years, later relapse patterns may alter these results.

PMID- 3881562
TI  - Adjuvant systemic therapy for resectable breast cancer.

PMID- 3881563
TI  - Mitomycin: ten years after approval for marketing.
AB  - Mitomycin was approved for marketing by the Food and Drug Administration in 1974
      for use in gastric and pancreatic carcinomas when combined with other
      chemotherapeutic agents. Since then, mitomycin has been used extensively in
      combination chemotherapy for a variety of tumors, particularly in the past seven
      years. However, the contribution of this agent to the various drug regimens has
      not been adequately defined. Clear evidence of the drug's activity as a single
      agent has been seen in the intravesical treatment of superficial bladder
      carcinoma. Common toxicities include anorexia, vomiting, and myelosuppression.
      Less common, but potentially lethal, toxicities in the form of fibrosing
      alveolitis and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with renal failure are being
      reported with increasing frequency. These potentially severe adverse effects,
      coupled with the still undefined role of mitomycin in systemic cancer
      chemotherapy, suggest that selection of this drug for other than investigational
      use should be made with care.

PMID- 3881564
TI  - Implications of nimodipine prophylaxis of cerebral vasospasm on anesthetic
      management during intracranial aneurysm clipping.
AB  - Nimodipine, a calcium entry blocking agent similar in structure to nifedipine but
      with selective cerebrovascular dilating effects, has potential use in the therapy
      and prevention of cerebral vasospasm after intracranial hemorrhage. The authors
      summarize the effects of calcium entry blockers, review the pharmacology of
      nimodipine, and discuss both the known and possible interactions of oral
      nimodipine with physical and pharmacological interventions that
      neuroanesthesiologists employ for patients with cerebral vasospasm during
      craniotomy for aneurysm clipping. In a series of 26 patients undergoing aneurysm
      clipping, the authors found that intraoperative blood pressure tended to be
      reduced by nimodipine. Although the number of patients was limited by the fact
      that they were enrolled in a multi-center nimodipine aneurysm study and thus had
      to meet the criteria for that study, it is concluded that prophylaxis of cerebral
      vasospasm with nimodipine in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysm results
      only in a favorable tendency toward lower systemic blood pressure during
      craniotomy.

PMID- 3881565
TI  - Stereotaxic evacuation of spontaneous intracerebral hematomas.
AB  - The authors describe a new device for removal of intracerebral hematomas, based
      on the principle of stereotaxic evacuation of these lesions proposed in 1978 by
      Backlund and von Holst. The optimum parameters of stereotaxic aspiration,
      including speed of screw rotation and amount of suction, have been determined
      experimentally. Computerized tomography scanning was used to locate the hematoma
      site, to assess its volume, and to determine stereotaxic coordinates. A new
      method of preventing rebleeding is also described. This procedure was used to
      aspirate hematomas in 32 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage,
      including one case caused by aneurysmal rupture and one secondary to rupture of
      an arteriovenous malformation. All patients were operated on in a severely
      comatose or semicomatose state. In all but four cases, the hematomas were almost
      totally removed. Three patients were operated on twice because of recurrent
      bleeding. The mortality rate for the series was 22%. A preliminary conclusion is
      made that this new method is safer and less traumatic than open surgery in most
      cases of severe intracerebral hematoma.

PMID- 3881566
TI  - CT-assisted stereotaxic aspiration of colloid cysts of the third ventricle.
AB  - A technique is reported for the stereotaxic evacuation of colloid cysts of the
      third ventricle using a stereotaxic system adapted for computerized tomography
      (CT) scanning. This is an accurate, simple, and reproducible method that avoids
      the risks of direct approaches. Successful intracystic aspiration resulting in
      the cure of the patient may be difficult when the viscosity of the cyst contents
      is high. Thus, the authors use a large cannula (1.8 mm in inner diameter) to
      evacuate cysts that appear hyperdense on CT scans; these seem to contain a
      thicker colloid material than hypodense or isodense cysts.

PMID- 3881567
TI  - Organ transplantation.

PMID- 3881568
TI  - Trends and utilization of nuclear medicine in the United States: 1972-1982.
AB  - In the decade 1972-1982, in vivo nuclear medicine procedures in the United States
      increased from 3.3 million to about 7.5 million per annum. This growth has been
      the result of a markedly increased frequency in some types of examinations;
      particularly bone, liver, lung, and cardiovascular imaging. The only type of
      imaging in which a decrease in frequency has been observed has been in
      radionuclide brain imaging. Examination of these trends illustrates the
      difficulty in forecasting, even over time periods as short as 5 years. Competing
      tests have largely replaced radionuclide imaging in some areas; although in other
      areas, such as cardiac nuclear medicine, competing technologies appear to have
      been additive in terms of the frequency of examinations. Comparison with recent
      data from other countries indicates that the frequency of nuclear medicine
      procedures in the United States is probably the highest in the world.

PMID- 3881569
TI  - Clinical management of size/dates discrepancy.

PMID- 3881570
TI  - Prolonged pregnancy. A literature review.

PMID- 3881571
TI  - Earle Wilcox Crampton (1895-1983). A biographical sketch.

PMID- 3881572
TI  - Excess glucose intake induces accelerated beta-cell polyploidization in normal
      mice: a possible deleterious effect.
AB  - Normal nondiabetic homozygous and heterozygous littermates of db/db diabetes
      prone mice (seven/group) were fed a 5% solution of glucose as their sole source
      of liquid for 10 wk. Controls (seven/group) drank tap water, and both groups
      received stock diet ad libitum. Body weights, tail lengths, food and fluid
      consumption were recorded throughout the study, and plasma and urine glucose were
      measured during wk 10. The total caloric intake, including the glucose solution
      drunk by some of the mice, was not significantly different among the four groups.
      No differences in plasma or urine glucose were detected. Total-body dry weight,
      water and lipid were measured, and pancreata were analyzed for beta-cell
      polyploidy by a combination of Feulgen cytophotometry and nuclear size analysis.
      The percentage of polyploid beta-cells was significantly higher in the animals
      that drank glucose than in those that drank water and was independent of both
      genotype and growth indices attributable to genotype. The greater
      polyploidization was interpreted as reflecting premature aging of the beta-cell
      population. It was hypothesized that such glucose-induced premature aging in
      animals with a genetically restricted potential for beta-cell proliferation could
      contribute to the precipitation of overt diabetes.

PMID- 3881573
TI  - Intraoperative ultrasound.

PMID- 3881574
TI  - Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of flurbiprofen and aspirin for postsurgical
      dental pain.
AB  - The analgesic efficacy of flurbiprofen 25 mg and 50 mg compared with aspirin 650
      mg and placebo (lactose) was evaluated. Subjects were 164 dental outpatients
      undergoing the surgical removal of impacted teeth. Each subject received a single
      dose of study medication and was evaluated hourly for six hours. Aspirin was
      superior to placebo in all measures of analgesic efficacy, and both dosages of
      flurbiprofen were superior to aspirin.

PMID- 3881575
TI  - Mandibular fracture fixation and reconstruction using the lower-border threaded
      rod: an eleven-year follow-up study.
AB  - Twenty-five cases in which a lower border threaded rod was used for fracture
      fixation and mandibular reconstruction were reviewed. These cases were performed
      during the last 11 years and have been followed for periods of up to five years
      and ten months. The fixation technique, originally reported in 1978, is well
      tolerated and provides excellent mechanical stability when enhanced security of
      fixation is indicated. Three unusual cases are reported in detail.

PMID- 3881578
TI  - A rapid method for reprocessing paraffin sections for diagnostic electron
      microscopy.
AB  - A rapid method for re-embedding paraffin sections into epoxy resin for diagnostic
      electron microscopy is described. The method requires a relatively shorter time
      than the traditional block retrieval technique and produces a reasonable
      retrieval technique and produces a reasonable quality of ultrastructure for
      diagnostic purposes.

PMID- 3881576
TI  - A technique for osseous restoration of deficient edentulous maxillary ridges.
AB  - A technique for maxillary bone grafting to augment the atrophic ridge is
      presented, and the results from 15 cases followed from three to ten years are
      briefly described. Loss of postoperative ridge height ranged from 10-20% in this
      sample. It appears that the tendencies to postoperative resorption that occur
      when autogenous particulate cancellous bone grafts are employed to restore
      atrophic mandibles are not operative in the maxilla.

PMID- 3881577
TI  - Small cell tumours in childhood: a review.
AB  - The past decade has seen significant advances in the treatment of childhood
      malignancies accompanied by appreciable improvement in survival rates. Treatment
      programmes have been largely formulated to meet the specific characteristics of
      individual tumours, as well as being based on the extent of disease presented at
      diagnosis. In selecting the most appropriate treatment protocol, accurate
      histological categorization of resected or biopsied tumour is thus of paramount
      importance. In the paediatric age range in which so many tumours lack
      differentiation as to present as, or mimic, other small cell tumours, routine
      methods are often insufficient to resolve problematic histology. A wide range of
      special techniques is now at hand to assist the pathologist with this problem and
      this review is an attempt partly to rationalize the application of available
      methodology. Of considerable importance also is a knowledge of the behavioural
      characteristics of this group of tumours, their prototypic histology, as well as
      the range of morphological variability.

PMID- 3881579
TI  - Neonatal cholestasis.
AB  - The spectrum of diseases causing neonatal cholestasis presents intriguing
      problems for future investigation. There are many causes, and the eventual
      outcome of the specific entity has unique individual features, despite the wide
      areas of overlap. For example, extrahepatic biliary atresia may be the result of
      the sporadic occurrence of a virus-induced, progressive obliteration of the
      extrahepatic bile ducts with some degree of intrahepatic bile duct injury. This
      same sequence of viral infection with persisting injury may account for sporadic
      (nonfamilial) cases of neonatal hepatitis, as suggested by the Landing
      hypothesis. Conversely, the familial forms of cholestasis, either neonatal
      hepatitis or instances of intrahepatic cholestasis, are most likely genetic
      diseases that represent specific defects in the hepatic excretory process or in
      the bile secretory apparatus. The persistent nature of these presumed enzymatic
      or structural defects may explain the less favorable prognosis. Elucidation of
      the nature of these inborn errors of liver function may allow a better
      understanding of biliary physiology, and improved therapy.

PMID- 3881580
TI  - Long-term sequelae in children surviving adult respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - Nine children surviving severe adult respiratory distress syndrome were studied
      0.9 to 4.2 years after the acute illness. They had received artificial
      ventilation for a mean of 9.4 days, with an Fio2 greater than 0.5 during a mean
      time of 34 hours and maximal positive end expiratory pressure levels in the range
      of 8 to 20 cm H2O. Three children had recurrent respiratory symptoms (moderate
      exertional dyspnea and cough), and two had evidence of fibrosis on chest
      radiographs. All patients had abnormal lung function; the most prominent findings
      were ventilation inequalities, as judged by real-time moment ratio analysis of
      multibreath nitrogen washout curves (abnormal in eight of nine patients) and
      hypoxemia (seven of nine). Lung volumes were less abnormal; one patient had
      restrictive and two had obstructive disease. A significant correlation between
      intensive care measures (Fio2 greater than 0.5 in hours and peak inspiratory
      plateau pressure) and lung function abnormalities (moment ratio analysis and
      hypoxemia) was found. A possibly increased susceptibility of the pediatric age
      group to the primary insult or respiratory therapy of adult respiratory distress
      syndrome is suggested.

PMID- 3881581
TI  - Cranial ultrasound and clinical studies in preterm infants.
AB  - Serial ultrasound imaging of the brain was used to determine the ventricular
      index (VI), and the ratio (VR) of the VI to the cranial hemidiameter during the
      nursery course and first year post-term in preterm infants of less than 33 weeks
      gestation. Twenty-nine of the infant survivors with no intracranial hemorrhage or
      major medical complication during their nursery course composed group 1. Twenty
      two survivors with intracranial hemorrhage unassociated with early ventricular
      dilation composed group 2. Group 3 was comprised of 10 other survivors who had
      neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage with early ventriculomegaly; all 10 infants
      had at least one major medical complication during their neonatal course. In
      groups 1 and 2 the VR decreased and the VI increased significantly with age post
      conception. Infants in group 3, compared with those in groups 1 or 2, had
      decreased occipitofrontal growth during the early postnatal period and increased
      VR and VI during the neonatal period and first year post-term. These results
      suggest that the ventriculomegaly associated with neonatal intracranial
      hemorrhage cannot be explained by posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus alone and may
      also be related to cerebral atrophy or decreased brain growth or both.
      Neurodevelopmental assessments at 20 to 30 months of age disclosed significantly
      lower Bayley Motor Development scores in group 3 compared with groups 1 or 2.
      Four infants in group 3, but none in groups 1 or 2, had cerebral palsy. The
      neurodevelopmental deficits in group 3 infants may reflect the complex
      pathogenesis of the ventriculomegaly as well as the effects of the
      intraventricular hemorrhage and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

PMID- 3881582
TI  - Deficiency in 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity after unilateral
      ureteral obstruction of the dog kidney.
AB  - In the present study, metabolism of prostaglandins (PGs) by 15
      hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-OH PGDH) was investigated in dog kidneys
      with ureteral obstruction. After 24 hr of ureteral obstruction, the obstructed
      kidney and the contralateral kidney were removed and the cytosolic fractions
      (105,000 X g), enriched in 15-OH PGDH, were prepared from the cortex and medulla.
      15-OH PGDH activity was estimated by radiometric assays of the metabolism of
      [3H]PGE2 and [3H]prostacyclin. Cortical 15-OH PGDH activity decreased by greater
      than 50% in the ureter-obstructed kidney as compared to the contralateral kidney.
      Similar results were obtained by estimating the stereo-specific release of
      tritium from position 15 using 15-[3H]PGF2 alpha as substrate. In contrast to the
      cortex, there were no differences in 15-OH PGDH activity found in the medulla of
      the obstructed and contralateral kidneys. Because the cortex contains higher
      levels of 15-OH PGDH activity, the deficiency in that site may contribute to the
      elevated levels of PGs in renal venous blood during ureteral obstruction.

PMID- 3881583
TI  - Serological evidence that chlamydiae and mycoplasmas are involved in infertility
      of women.
AB  - Women with a history of infertility for 2 or more years were examined by
      hysterosalpingography (HSG) and antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis,
      Mycoplasma hominis and M. genitalium were measured by a microimmunofluorescence
      technique in sera obtained immediately before HSG. Of 45 women with abnormal HSG
      findings, 15 (33%) had antibodies to C. trachomatis and 16 (35.5%) to M. hominis.
      In contrast, of 61 women with normal HSG findings, only 8 (13%) and 7 (11.5%) had
      antibodies to these micro-organisms, respectively. Antibody against M. genitalium
      was found in 26 of the patients (20% abnormal HSG and 28% normal HSG), indicating
      the need for further investigation of the significance of this mycoplasma in
      female infertility. The present results do confirm, however, that C. trachomatis
      is an important cause of infertility in women and suggest strongly that M.
      hominis is implicated.

PMID- 3881584
TI  - Origins of local anaesthesia.

PMID- 3881585
TI  - Folate antagonists. 21. Synthesis and antimalarial properties of 2,4-diamino-6
      (benzylamino)pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidines.
AB  - The synthesis and antimalarial activity of a series of 2,4,6-triaminopyrido[3,2
      d]pyrimidines (4) is described. Several 6-substituted benzylmethylamino analogues
      were more active against trophozoite induced Plasmodium berghei in mice than the
      corresponding quinazoline analogues. These agents, however, are cross-resistant
      to other antifolate compounds and are thus of limited potential as human agents.

PMID- 3881586
TI  - Alan Gregg memorial lecture. Medical education for the 21st century.

PMID- 3881587
TI  - The Abraham Flexner Award for Distinguished Service to Medical Education. Robert
      J. Glaser, M.D.

PMID- 3881588
TI  - The AAMC Award for Distinguished Research in the Biomedical Sciences. Michael S.
      Brown, M.D., and Joseph L. Goldstein, M.D.

PMID- 3881589
TI  - The effect of homogenising tissues either before or after storage on the
      isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis.
AB  - To determine whether freezing before homogenisation or the reverse procedure was
      the best way of achieving maximal recovery of chlamydiae from solid tissues,
      specimens from mice infected experimentally with Chlamydia trachomatis were used.
      For 10 of 12 mice, three-fold to over fifty-fold more chlamydiae were isolated
      from portions of spleens which were homogenised before freezing in liquid
      nitrogen than from those which were homogenised after being stored frozen. The
      value of homogenising small strips of infected genital tissue before freezing was
      less apparent. Nevertheless, if this was undertaken, the number of chlamydiae
      recovered from the tissues of four of 10 mice was three-fold to seven-fold more
      than if the tissues were homogenised after freezing.

PMID- 3881590
TI  - John Herbertson Bowie. 1 August 1909--15 April 1984.

PMID- 3881591
TI  - Uropathogenic properties of Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris.
AB  - A group of faecal isolates of Proteus vulgaris and P. mirabilis was studied for
      the presence of possible virulence factors such as growth rates in urine and
      broth, haemolysin production, hydrophobicity, sensitivity to the bactericidal
      activity of human serum and cell invasiveness. Differences were found in
      haemolysin production, cell invasiveness and experimental virulence in a mouse
      model. These differences might explain why P. mirabilis is much more common in
      human urinary-tract infections than P. vulgaris.

PMID- 3881592
TI  - Contribution of the traT gene to serum resistance among clinical isolates of
      enterobacteriaceae.
AB  - Antimicrobial resistance plasmids containing the traT gene confer resistance to
      serum bactericidal activity upon some laboratory strains of Escherichia coli. We
      have examined the DNA of Enterobacteriaceae from human extraintestinal infections
      to determine the frequency of traT-like genes. DNA sequences homologous with traT
      were found among 58% of Escherichieae but among none of the Klebsielleae or
      Proteeae tested and were found as frequently among serum-sensitive E. coli as
      among serum-resistant strains. Sequences related to traT were always associated
      with large plasmids. The potential contribution of traT-containing plasmids to
      serum resistance of clinical isolates is discussed.

PMID- 3881593
TI  - Susceptibility of Mycobacterium leprae to the bactericidal activity of mouse
      peritoneal macrophages and to hydrogen peroxide.
AB  - Macrophages from athymic nude mice were infected in vitro with Mycobacterium
      leprae to study the intracellular fate of this organism. Using the proportional
      bactericidal test, we have shown that the viability of M. leprae declines rapidly
      within these macrophages, although results of clearance experiments demonstrate
      that live and killed organisms are cleared at comparable rates. We have also
      shown that M. leprae is susceptible to the bactericidal effects of hydrogen
      peroxide and we suggest that hydrogen peroxide generated by macrophages is
      responsible for the killing of intracellular M. leprae.

PMID- 3881594
TI  - The sociology of science: women and medicine in nineteenth century Mississippi.

PMID- 3881595
TI  - The health of the American slave examined by means of Union Army medical
      statistics.
AB  - The health status of the American slave in the 19th century remains unclear
      despite extensive historical research. Better knowledge of slave health would
      provide a clearer picture of the life of the slave, a better understanding of the
      19th-century medicine, and possibly even clues to the health problems of modern
      blacks. This article hopes to contribute to the literature by examining another
      source of data. Slaves entering the Union Army joined an organization with
      standardized medical care that generated extensive statistical information.
      Review of these statistics answers questions about the health of young male
      blacks at the time American slavery ended.

PMID- 3881596
TI  - Isolation of different bacteriophages using the LamB protein for adsorption on
      Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - Ten phages which use the LamB protein for adsorption have been isolated from
      sewage waters. Nine have a shape similar to lambda and require only the LamB
      protein for adsorption. One has a shape similar to T phages and can use either
      the LamB or the OmpC protein. Preliminary characterization by a number of
      criteria showed that at least nine of these phages were different and also
      differed from other known phages which use the LamB protein, such as lambda, 21,
      and K10.

PMID- 3881597
TI  - Response of a phage modification factor to enhanced production of its target
      molecule.
AB  - Escherichia coli cells with plasmids bearing the valS gene were constructed from
      the Clark-Carbon collection. Their increased valyl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.9)
      activity was not matched by commensurate production of a modifying peptide during
      T4 infection. Thus, phage vs gene expression is set to modify the normal amount
      of valyl-tRNA synthetase activity.

PMID- 3881598
TI  - Therapy of symptomatic pyelonephritis in women.
AB  - A prospective randomized controlled study was performed on 44 women with
      community-acquired, uncomplicated pyelonephritis requiring hospitalization. The
      study was designed to determine if an extended course of therapy (21 days) would
      be more effective than the conventional 10-day course of therapy. All patients
      initially received either gentamicin or tobramycin parenterally for 48 to 72
      hours, and then were prescribed an oral agent that possessed in vitro inhibitory
      activity for the urinary pathogen to complete the course of therapy. Duration of
      medication was assigned according to a table of random digits. Of the 22 women
      receiving the 10-day treatment 17 were cured, 4 experienced a reinfection and
      none had a relapse, compared to 12, 5 and 3, respectively, of 22 receiving the 21
      day treatment. Analysis of the therapeutic failures did not demonstrate any
      superior response for either treatment program (p less than 0.75 and greater than
      0.50). No statistically increased incidence of adverse drug reactions occurred in
      patients receiving the extended course of therapy. Our data do not support an
      extended course of therapy in women with acute symptomatic pyelonephritis
      uncomplicated by structural abnormalities.

PMID- 3881599
TI  - "The suturer": a new suturing instrument.
AB  - A new suturing instrument that allows easy placement of sutures in deep
      inaccessible sites is described. The instrument has been used successfully for
      pelvic and perineal procedures, and is an invaluable asset to the urologist for
      urethrovesical anastomoses in radical prostatectomies.

PMID- 3881600
TI  - Adrenal cortical carcinoma: preoperative demonstration of right atrial extension
      by sonography and computerized tomography.
AB  - We report a case of adrenal cortical carcinoma with tumor thrombus extending to
      the right atrium. Tumor extension was demonstrated preoperatively with sonography
      and computerized tomography. We recommend that both modalities be used when
      evaluating masses in the suprarenal space. The preoperative diagnosis of tumor
      extension via the adrenal vein into the inferior vena cava was confirmed at
      operation.

PMID- 3881601
TI  - Epidermoid cyst of testis: a report of 3 cases.
AB  - We report 3 cases of simple epidermoid cyst of the testis. These tumors often are
      mistaken clinically for malignancy. Conservative surgical treatment with
      preservation of the testis is desirable when preoperative ultrasound reveals a
      well demarcated cystic nodule confirmed by histological frozen sections.

PMID- 3881602
TI  - A quantitative in vivo assay for bacterial adherence to the urethra.
AB  - Bacterial adherence to urinary tract mucosal surfaces is thought to be the
      initiating event in ascending urinary tract infection. To study this process, we
      have developed a physiologic, quantitative, in vivo assay for bacterial adherence
      to the urethra. The effect of local (vaginal mucosa) immunization on the
      adherence of E. coli to the urethra was studied. Local immunization with a
      formalinized E. coli vaccine significantly reduced the capacity of viable cells
      of the immunizing strain to adhere to the urethra. Immunization-induced decrease
      in bacterial adherence to urethral mucosa is in agreement with our previous
      observations that immunization of the vaginal mucosa decreases the adherence of
      E. coli to the rat bladder. These data provide further evidence of a protective
      effect from local immunization against ascending urinary tract infection. No
      obvious change in indigenous urethral flora occurred after mucosal immunization.

PMID- 3881603
TI  - Cervical lipomas masquerading as thyroid nodules.
AB  - Masses in the thyroid gland can usually be distinguished from other anterior
      cervical masses by history, physical examination, and scintigraphic and
      ultrasonographic examination. We describe four cases of lipomas masquerading as
      thyroid nodules in which finding from these examinations were consistent with
      solid thyroid nodules. Computed tomography can distinguish fat from thyroid
      tissue density, thus avoiding the use of thyroid hormone suppression or the need
      for urgent surgery.

PMID- 3881604
TI  - LHRH: clinical applications growing.

PMID- 3881605
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Adverse reactions to Fansidar and updated recommendations
      for its use in the prevention of malaria.

PMID- 3881607
TI  - Landmark perspective: Renin in aldosteronism. Relating kidney and adrenal.

PMID- 3881606
TI  - Landmark article Oct 19, 1964: Suppression of plasma renin activity in primary
      aldosteronism. Distinguishing primary from secondary aldosteronism in
      hypertensive disease. By Jerome W. Conn, Edwin L. Cohen and David R. Rovner.

PMID- 3881608
TI  - Dietary therapy slows the return of hypertension after stopping prolonged
      medication.
AB  - This study asks whether prolonged antihypertensive therapy will "cure" a
      substantial percent of rigorously treated hypertensive patients and whether
      nutritional change will add an antihypertensive effect and reduce the relapse
      rate. Of 584 eligible patients normotensive while receiving therapy, 496 were
      randomized into control and discontinued-medication groups with and without
      dietary intervention. At 56 weeks, 50% of those who were no longer receiving
      medication remained normotensive by study criteria. Randomization either to
      weight-loss group (mean loss of 4.5 kg [10 lb]) or to sodium-restriction group
      (mean reduction of 40 mEq/day) increased the likelihood of remaining without drug
      therapy, with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.17 for the sodium group and 3.43 for
      the weight group. Highest success rates were in the nonoverweight mild
      hypertensives with sodium restriction (78%) and the overweight mild hypertensives
      who were reducing their weight (72%). These data demonstrate that weight loss or
      sodium restriction, in hypertensives controlled for five years, more than doubles
      success in withdrawal of drug therapy.

PMID- 3881609
TI  - Diagnostic accuracy of four assays of prostatic acid phosphatase. Comparison
      using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.
AB  - We compared the diagnostic characteristics of four assays of prostatic acid
      phosphatase by two methods. In the first analysis, receiver operating
      characteristic (ROC) curves were developed and the areas under the curves were
      calculated. In the second analysis, the sensitivity of each assay was compared
      with the sensitivities of the other assays with specificities set at equal
      levels. One or more assays were performed in 1,298 patients; 141 underwent all
      four assays. Pairwise comparisons of the areas under the ROC curves showed no
      significant differences. No differences were found in the sensitivities of the
      four assays when the upper limits of normal were selected to provide equal
      specificities. We conclude that there is little difference in diagnostic accuracy
      among the prostatic acid phosphatase assays. Our findings contrast with previous
      studies that used only one upper limit of normal and that found some assays to be
      superior to others. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis corrects for
      the bias introduced by the choice of an upper limit of normal.

PMID- 3881610
TI  - Samuel Latham Mitchill (1764-1831). A neglected American pioneer of anesthesia.
AB  - In 1795, Samuel Latham Mitchill, MD, of New York City published a theory of
      contagion. He proposed that the cause of plaguelike disease was exposure to
      "gaseous oxide of azote" (nitrous oxide). During the course of his exposition of
      this theory, Mitchill presented a clear and vivid description of the effects of
      nitrous oxide inhalation and the resulting anesthetic state. This earliest
      description of nitrous oxide narcosis appears to have been overlooked. It
      antedates that of Humphry Davy by five years. Samuel Latham Mitchill should be
      accorded an important position among the pioneers of anesthesia because of this
      description and also because his interest in nitrous oxide was the direct
      stimulus for Humphry Davy's investigations, ultimately leading to introduction of
      anesthesia into clinical practice.

PMID- 3881611
TI  - Food-borne streptococcal pharyngitis in a hospital pediatrics clinic.
AB  - After a potluck luncheon, more than half the staff of a hospital pediatrics
      clinics became ill. Group A Streptococcus (M precipitin, nontypable; T
      agglutination type, 8/25; and serum opacity reaction, positive) was isolated from
      12 of the 20 ill persons. Food-consumption analysis implicated a rice dressing as
      the vehicle of transmission. The dressing was prepared by a clinic employee in
      whom pharyngitis had developed three weeks before the luncheon. This is an
      unusual outbreak in that the implicated food product was not institutionally or
      commercially prepared and was not preponderantly composed of milk, eggs, or meat.

PMID- 3881613
TI  - Cesarean section.
AB  - Although the cesarean section rate has increased steadily for the past 12 years,
      further increase seems unlikely since the indications for performing the
      operation are already broadly defined. Most of the earlier indications will
      remain unchanged (eg, the presence of placenta previa and cephalopelvic
      disproportion). The trend toward vaginal delivery in perhaps 30% to 40% of breech
      births will probably have no material effect on the number of cesarean sections
      performed, and the present use of cesarean section for multiple pregnancy will
      probably continue. The two conditions under which cesarean section rates might
      become significantly lower are (1) automatic repeat cesarean section (which now
      accounts for more than 25% of all cesarean sections), a procedure which will
      probably decline as increasing numbers of such women have vaginal deliveries, and
      (2) a redefinition of the present midforceps classification, which will permit
      some of the easy midforceps deliveries from a low level to be performed without
      the legally abhorrent stigma of mid-forceps delivery. The value of prophylactic
      antibiotics for women predisposed to infection has now been proved, and further
      placebo studies to demonstrate this are not warranted. In the past, "type and
      match 2 units" was a routine prelude to cesarean section, and for every unit of
      blood transfused to cesarean section patients, some 25 units were cross-matched
      and held in (unnecessary) readiness. This formula is gradually giving way to type
      and screen, eliminating countless crossmatches. Because of possible harmful fetal
      effects, preoperative fluid loading, a necessary part of conduction anesthesia,
      is changing from the customary 5% glucose to the use of fluids containing no
      glucose. It has been suggested that conduction anesthesia may not offer unlimited
      time for cesarean section, as used to be thought. Apgar scores are lower if the
      time from uterine incision to delivery is longer than three minutes, a diminution
      that may be a function of the anesthesia or may reflect difficulty in delivery.
      Cesarean section mortality is much lower than it was in former years, but one may
      expect from one to two deaths per 1,000 operations. Overall, the maternal
      mortality from cesarean section per se is probably from three to five times
      higher than that of vaginal delivery (in one series, 11.5 times higher than
      vaginal delivery). The incidence of mild, transient respiratory signs in the
      newborn is higher after cesarean than after vaginal delivery, and the incidence
      of respiratory distress syndrome is also slightly higher.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3881612
TI  - Multidisciplinary management of acromegaly and its deformities.
AB  - The skeletal deformities associated with acromegaly are not reversed by
      correction of abnormal growth hormone dynamic. We describe a patient with
      acromegaly in whom facial reconstruction was undertaken after successful removal
      of a pituitary adenoma.

PMID- 3881615
TI  - Delayed laceration of ulnar nerve following hand trauma.

PMID- 3881614
TI  - Current status of therapeutic plasmapheresis and related techniques. Report of
      the AMA panel on therapeutic plasmapheresis. Council on Scientific Affairs.

PMID- 3881617
TI  - Radial keratotomy findings released; some still wary.

PMID- 3881616
TI  - Anaphylaxis associated with chymopapain injections.

PMID- 3881618
TI  - Threat to the development of the teaching nursing home.

PMID- 3881619
TI  - Still more on streptococcal pharyngitis: an important disease with yet unresolved
      clinical issues.

PMID- 3881620
TI  - Effects of cardioplegia on myocardial metabolism during hypothermic ischemia-
      components and mode of administration.
AB  - Isolated rat heart preparations were used to determine the effect of cardioplegia
      on myocardial metabolism during profound hypothermic (15 degrees C) ischemia. The
      hearts were grouped according to the components of cardioplegia and the mode of
      administration. The six groups were normokalemic (GI), calcium-containing
      hyperkalemic (GII), calcium-free hyperkalemic (GIII) and single dose (A),
      multidose (B). Following 120 min of ischemia, tissue ATP decreased from 25.4 +/-
      2.2 to 10.3 +/- 2.7, 3.9 +/- 2.4, 4.1 +/- 1.2, 15.5 +/- 3.2, 14.5 +/- 2.4 and
      20.0 +/- 2.7 (I-A vs II-A p less than 0.005, I-A vs III-A p less than 0.005, I-B
      vs III-B p less than 0.05, II-B vs III-B p less than 0.005), and tissue lactate
      increased from 9.6 +/- 1.5 to 163.4 +/- 12.0, 174.1 +/- 13.5, 166.8 +/- 21.3,
      99.1 +/- 8.3, 102.6 +/- 12.2 and 83.5 +/- 9.3 (I-B vs III-B p less than 0.02, II
      B vs III-B p less than 0.02) mumol/dry wt g, in GI-A, GII-A, GIII-A, GI-B and GII
      B, respectively. The results of this study suggests that (1) potassium
      cardioplegia in a single dose does not prevent degradation of high energy
      phosphate (HEP) in the hypothermic arrested heart, (2) though multidose
      cardioplegia is effective in preserving HEP during ischemia, the extent of its
      effects varies with the composition, and (3) the omission of calcium is
      beneficial in GIK cardioplegia in terms of preserving HEP at the end of ischemia.

PMID- 3881621
TI  - Effect of 4,4'-oxydianiline on the thyroid and pituitary glands of F344 rats: a
      morphologic study with the use of the immunoperoxidase method.
AB  - F344 rats of both sexes were fed one of three concentrations (0.02, 0.04, 0.05%)
      of 4,4'-oxydianiline (CAS: 101-80-4), an intermediate in the manufacture of
      polyimide resins, mixed in the diet for 2 years. The incidence of hepatocellular
      neoplasms was increased in all the 3 groups of male rats and in female rats of
      the middle- and high-dose groups. The incidence of hyperplastic and neoplastic
      changes in the follicular cells of the thyroid gland was increased in male and
      female rats of the middle- and high-dose groups. The population of thyrotrophs
      (thyrotropin-producing cells) was increased in the pituitary glands of rats with
      neoplasms of the thyroid gland. These cells were distinct from prolactin cells.
      The increase in the number of thyrotrophs suggested insufficient hormone
      production by the induced thyroid tumors.

PMID- 3881622
TI  - In situ immune complexes, lymphocyte subpopulations, and HLA-DR-positive
      epithelial cells in Hashimoto thyroiditis.
AB  - Surgical specimens from thyroid glands from seven patients with Hashimoto
      thyroiditis and two patients with non-autoimmune colloid goiter were analyzed by
      immunohistologic techniques (direct and indirect immunofluorescence and
      immunoperoxidase tests) using polyclonal antisera against total immunoglobulin,
      Ig classes (IgM, IgD, IgG, and IgA), and complement component C3 and monoclonal
      antibodies specific for B cells, T cell subpopulation, macrophages, natural
      killer cells, granulocytes, and HLA-DR antigen. Complement-fixing immune
      complexes (IgG+, C3+) were noted predominantly in areas with only slight
      destruction and only moderate lymphoid infiltration of thyroid follicles. In
      areas with intense lymphoid infiltration of thyroid follicles, where many well
      developed germinal centers and significant perivascular lymphoid infiltration
      were seen, immune complexes were scarce. In these latter areas T helper cells
      (OKT4+, Leu3a+), were more abundant than T cytotoxic/suppressor cells (OKT8+),
      macrophages (OKM1+), and plasma cells (IgG+); only a few B lymphocytes (smIgM+,
      smIgD+), granulocytes (ViMD5+), and natural killer cells (VEP13+, Leu7+) were
      noted in the interstitium between thyroid follicles, intruding between thyroid
      follicular epithelial cells and merging into the thyroid follicular lumen. Many
      activated T cells (OKT10+, HLA-DR+) were present in these areas of advanced
      destruction. HLA-DR antigen expression was seen on macrophages, tissue reticulum
      cells, vascular endothelial cells, lymphoid cells, and, most interestingly, on
      thyroid epithelial cells. Normal thyroid epithelial cells did not express HLA-DR.
      Only a few epithelial cells in the vicinity of lymphoid infiltrations were HLA
      DR+ in early stages of Hashimoto thyroiditis, and the number of HLA-DR+
      epithelial cells was significantly increased in advanced stages of the disease.
      In our present report the potential role of HLA-DR+ thyroid epithelial cells for
      the in situ stimulation of the immune system within the thyroid gland of patients
      with Hashimoto thyroiditis is discussed, and it is hypothesized that HLA-DR+
      thyroid epithelial cells may be an important factor for the progression and self
      perpetuation of the disease, which is probably initiated by humoral components of
      the immune system but further propagated by cellular immunopathologic mechanisms.

PMID- 3881623
TI  - Distribution of laminin within rat and mouse renal, splenic, intestinal, and
      hepatic basement membranes identified after the intravenous injection of
      heterologous antilaminin IgG.
AB  - To determine the fate of circulating antibodies against the basement membrane
      glycoprotein laminin, affinity-purified sheep antilaminin IgG (S alpha L) was
      radioiodinated and intravenously injected into rats. Twenty-four hours later,
      approximately 60% of the bound S alpha L was present in the kidneys, spleen,
      small intestine, and liver and less than 1% was present within the lungs and
      heart. S alpha L bound rapidly to the glomerular basement membrane and reached
      maximal levels 75 minutes after injection. Fifteen days later, 65% of maximal
      levels remained within the glomerular basement membrane as shown by
      immunofluorescent photometry. Injected S alpha L, S alpha L that had been further
      purified against a pepsin-resistant subfragment of laminin (S alpha P1), and
      rabbit alpha L (Rb alpha L) bound in identical patterns with various basement
      membranes in both the rat and mouse as shown by immunofluorescent microscopy. In
      addition, injected conjugates of S alpha L and horseradish peroxidase (S alpha L
      HRP), S alpha P1-HRP, and Rb alpha L-HRP had the same ultrastructural
      distribution in both rats and mice. In the kidneys, HRP reaction product was
      present throughout the full thickness of the glomerular basement membrane, on the
      base of the epithelial foot processes, and throughout the tubular basement
      membrane. In the spleen, alpha L was within basement membrane-like material at
      the periphery of the white pulp, in cords of the red pulp, and surrounding the
      venous sinuses. Intestinal alpha L was visualized throughout the subendothelial,
      crypt, and villous epithelial basement membranes and on the basal surface of the
      epithelium. In the liver, alpha L was present throughout the basement membranes
      of the portal and central veins and bile duct epithelium and on basement membrane
      like structures in the space of Disse of hepatic sinusoids. Sheep, rabbits, and
      rats immunized against laminin did not develop antibasement membrane disease.
      Autoantibodies (IgG) were not detected in their basement membranes and rat alpha
      L injected into rats did not bind to the glomerular basement membrane. We
      conclude that the intravenous injection of heterologous alpha L results in the
      rapid deposition of alpha L within basement membranes of organs with fenestrated
      endothelia, laminin is present throughout basement membranes and on the surface
      of the epithelia adjoining basement membranes, and animals generally do not
      produce alpha L that binds to autologous or homologous basement membranes.

PMID- 3881624
TI  - Ultrastructural evidence for the synthesis of serum amyloid A protein by murine
      hepatocytes.
AB  - After administration of an amyloid-inducing agent to mice, intracytoplasmic
      localization of serum amyloid A protein in hepatocytes was examined by
      immunoelectron microscopy. From 6 hours to 14 days after amyloidogenic
      stimulation, the reaction products were noted mainly on the microvilli and in a
      few cisternae of Golgi apparatuses. When colchicine was given 3 hours before
      sacrifice, the reaction products were located in round or oval structures
      presumed to be the secretory granules derived from the Golgi apparatus and in
      some autophagosomes. Kupffer cells contained the reaction products during the
      observation period of 12 hours to 14 days in the phagosomes and on the surface of
      microvilli or pseudopods but not in the organelles concerned with protein
      synthesis. These results conclusively support the idea that serum amyloid A
      protein is synthesized in hepatocytes and that colchicine inhibits the secretion
      of this protein from hepatocytes into serum.

PMID- 3881625
TI  - The operating room: an historical perspective.

PMID- 3881626
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity in rats bearing allogeneic skin in the anterior chamber of
      the eye. I. Response to mitogens.
AB  - Early studies have indicated that presentation of donor antigen via the anterior
      chamber (AC) of the eye diminished the host's ability to react immunologically in
      vivo. In the present study this reduced immunological activity has been studied
      in vitro. Compared to spleen cells from control rats, the spleen cells from Lewis
      rats bearing Brown Norway skin implants in the AC had a mild but consistently
      reduced in vitro blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin 10-35 days
      postimplantation. Either a normal or slightly greater than normal response
      occurred thereafter. The implant-induced suppression of the mitogenic stimulation
      was evident only in splenocytes; lymph nodes and thymic lymphocytes from AC
      implanted rats responded similarly to controls. The suppressed mitogenic
      reactivity appears to be specific for the T-cell population since the stimulation
      in the presence of lipopolysaccharide was no different from that in controls.
      Furthermore, the reduced activity was greatly enhanced in the T-cell-enriched
      population. These results suggest that allogeneic skin placed in the AC of the
      eye depresses the immune activity of the host's splenocytes which may contribute
      to the privileged nature of the anterior chamber.

PMID- 3881627
TI  - Tumor-associated metabolism in the rat is a unique physiologic entity.
AB  - The metabolic responses associated with the tumor-bearing state, as compared to
      states of sepsis and prolonged starvation, were examined. Tumor-bearing rats
      manifested significant elevation of triglycerides, significant reduction of
      glucose and insulin levels, significantly increased plasma skeletal muscle
      proteolysis-inducing activity, and an unchanged hepatic protein synthetic
      activity compared to control rats. Prolonged starvation produced an adaptation
      characterized by significant hypoglycemia and hypoinsulinemia, reduced hepatic
      protein synthesis, and increased peripheral protolysis compared to controls.
      Septic animals had glucose, insulin, and lipid levels similar to control animals
      but had increased hepatic protein synthesis. Each state manifested its own unique
      metabolic response compared to controls. It appears that the metabolic
      consequences of cancer in this sarcoma rat model is different than septic and
      prolonged starvation states.

PMID- 3881628
TI  - Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance to surgical disease: a collective
      review.

PMID- 3881629
TI  - Quality of life after breast cancer surgery.
AB  - All patients (N = 41) who participated in a randomized clinical trial in the
      Leiden University Hospital comparing mastectomy to tumorectomy have been studied
      with respect to their quality of life 11 months (+/- 5) after surgery. The body
      image of patients is more severely impaired after mastectomy than after
      tumorectomy (P less than .01). The studied groups did not differ, as has been
      suggested, with respect to fear of recurrence and death. These fears, however,
      turned out to be inversely related to the age of the patients (r = -.34, P =
      .02).

PMID- 3881630
TI  - Adjuvant Corynebacterium parvum immunotherapy for squamous cell epitheliomas of
      the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx.
AB  - Patients with primary squamous cell epitheliomas of the oral cavity, pharynx, and
      larynx were stratified according to stage and site and randomized to receive
      either intratumoral immunotherapy with Corynebacterium parvum followed 2 weeks
      later by surgery and postoperative C parvum for 2 years or surgery alone. There
      were 209 patients entered into the trial and 176 were fully evaluable. All
      prognostic variables were similar between the two groups. There was no difference
      in disease-free survival or absolute survival between the two groups of patients.
      In addition, there was no difference noted for any stage and/or site. The only
      difference in sequential immunologic testing was that chemokinesis was increased
      following intratumoral C parvum, but neither this nor any other immunologic test
      correlated with ultimate recurrence or survival. These data demonstrate that
      immunotherapy using preoperative, intralesional C parvum and postoperative,
      subcutaneous C parvum is ineffective when used as an adjuvant to surgery for
      primary cancers arising in the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx.

PMID- 3881631
TI  - Carpentier's flexible ring versus De Vega's annuloplasty. A prospective
      randomized study.
AB  - To compare the efficacy of Carpentier's tricuspid annuloplasty with De Vega's, we
      prospectively randomized 159 patients, operated upon between January, 1977, and
      January, 1980, to one of the two techniques: 76 patients were assigned to the
      Carpentier group and 83 to the De Vega group. The criterion for inclusion in the
      study was the presence of moderate to severe tricuspid regurgitation. There were
      no significant differences in mean age, male proportion, type of mitral lesion,
      incidence of aortic valvulopathy, and other preoperative and perioperative
      characteristics between the two groups. However, organic tricuspid damage on
      macroscopic intraoperative examination was more common in the Carpentier group.
      At the end of follow-up (average 64 months) in patients with satisfactory left
      heart hemodynamics, there was a significant difference in the incidence of
      moderate or severe tricuspid insufficiency between the two groups (De Vega,
      14/41; Carpentier, 4/40; p less than 0.01). In 76 patients (40 with Carpentier's
      annuloplasty and 36 with De Vega's technique), contrast right ventriculography
      was performed postoperatively and the degree of tricuspid regurgitation assessed
      semiquantitatively. In both groups, control of tricuspid regurgitation was poor
      in patients with either high total pulmonary resistances or organic tricuspid
      damage. If patients with these characteristics are excluded, then significant
      tricuspid regurgitation was encountered in only one patient in the Carpentier
      group but in nine of 19 in the De Vega group (p less than 0.01). In conclusion,
      in the treatment of tricuspid regurgitation, better results are obtained with
      Carpentier's than with De Vega's annuloplasty, especially if there is no organic
      tricuspid damage and pulmonary resistances decrease postoperatively.

PMID- 3881632
TI  - Orthotopic cardiac xenografting in the newborn goat.
AB  - Fourteen newborn (less than 7 days) goats were subjected to orthotopic cardiac
      transplantation with donor xenografts from size-matched lambs. Ten goats survived
      the operation (greater than 24 hours). Recipient animals received cyclosporine 48
      and 24 hours before the operation and daily after the operation on a gradually
      reducing daily protocol. Recipients were also given pulse doses of
      methylprednisolone (100 mg/kg) and azathioprine (3 mg/kg) once a week, the dosage
      schedule being gradually reduced and azathioprine discontinued as recipients
      became long-term survivors (greater than 60 days). Seven recipients had
      radionuclide left ventriculography for measurement of left ventricular ejection
      fraction from 1 to 4 months postoperatively. Ejection fractions at 1 month in two
      recipients were 35% and 57%, and at 2 months the ejection fraction in one
      recipient was 58%. Serial ejection fractions from 1 to 4 months postoperatively
      in four recipients averaged 50%, 58%, 45%, and 45%. Survival in days among the 10
      recipients was 24, 32, 44, 47, 60, 60, 78, 90, 120, and 165. Average survival was
      72 days. There were no significant infections. Most animals showed mild-to
      moderate subacute and chronic graft rejection at autopsy. One host showed no
      gross or microscopic graft rejection at autopsy on postoperative day 47. Tumor
      was not observed. These data suggest that long-term survival may be feasible for
      newborn recipients of cardiac xenografts with cyclosporine therapy and limited
      supplemental immunosuppression.

PMID- 3881633
TI  - Comparison of high-frequency lung ventilation with conventional mechanical lung
      ventilation. Prospective trial in patients who have undergone cardiac operations.
AB  - High-frequency lung ventilation was compared with conventional mechanical lung
      ventilation following elective cardiac operation. The results indicate that this
      high-frequency ventilator works as well as conventional mechanical ventilators
      and that it accomplishes the desired gas exchange at lower peak airway pressures.
      We conclude that routine use of high-frequency ventilation in the postoperative
      period is possible and that it may be indicated if lower peak airway pressures
      are desired.

PMID- 3881634
TI  - [Evaluation of aortic valve stenosis by the Doppler technic].

PMID- 3881635
TI  - [Paradoxal reaction in an asthma patient after inhalation of terbutaline].

PMID- 3881636
TI  - [Immunopathology of the inner ear].
AB  - Immunologically mediated tissue lesions or functional disturbances can result
      from immune responses either to foreign antigens or autoantigenic constituents.
      Before a disease or a functional disorder can be called an (auto)immune disease,
      it must be established that immunological processes are involved in its etiology
      and/or pathogenesis. After reviewing the available data on immunology and on
      research on immunobiology of the inner ear, as well as clinical observations on
      disorders of the inner ear of possibly immunological origin, an attempt is made
      to determine whether (auto)immunopathology can be assumed in some patients with
      sensineural hearing loss. In patients with disorders presently recognized as
      autoimmune diseases, no hearing loss has been described so far. However, serum
      antibodies can be found via the indirect immunofluorescence method in some
      patients having functional disorders of the inner ear. These serum antibodies
      interact with normal human inner ear tissue. However, as long as
      immunopathological mechanisms have not been confirmed, these disorders should
      merely be called "diseases with autoimmune markers." It has been shown in animal
      experiments that the production of autoantibodies against inner ear components is
      associated with morphological and functional changes of the inner ear. The human
      endolymphatic sac releases secretory IgA into the lumen. Its epithelium contains
      (intraepithelial) lymphocytes, whereas lymphocytes, plasma cells (IgA, IgG) and
      macrophages occur in the perisaccular region. In this manner, the inner ear has
      its own immune system, which can possibly react independently of the systemic
      immune system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3881637
TI  - Hearing loss in early infancy: incidence, detection and assessment.
AB  - Auditory evoked potential techniques have revitalized programs for early
      detection, quantification, and management of hearing loss. Some issues underlying
      the need for such programs, and their structure, are reviewed with reference to
      recently-published guidelines. The prevalence of hearing loss in infancy is
      poorly understood; estimates depend on the type and degree of loss, the tests
      used, and their timing. Evidence that significant hearing loss can escape early
      detection continues to accumulate; delays are attributable to many factors,
      including insufficient awareness and deficiencies in conventional tests. High
      risk registers are valuable but imperfect tools, and should not be the sole
      avenue of early detection. Electrophysiologic tests, especially the auditory
      brain stem response, have a major role in early assessment. Attention to many
      technical and patient-related factors is required, and frequency-specific testing
      is feasible and informative.

PMID- 3881639
TI  - [Irradiation as preparation for bone marrow transplantation].

PMID- 3881638
TI  - [A multicenter comparative clinical trial of sucralfate and cimetidine in the
      therapy of gastric and duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 3881640
TI  - The role of the ventromedial hypothalamic area in periprandial glucoregulation.
AB  - There is a great deal of evidence that the ventromedial hypothalamic area (VMH)
      plays a significant role in glucoregulation. The present review synthesizes new
      and existing data in a coherent model of a hypothalamic glucoregulatory control
      system whose function is to stabilize blood glucose levels in the face of
      discontinuous exogenous supply attendant upon meal-feeding. Evidence is arrayed
      which suggest the VMH is critical in initiating the anticipatory insulin
      secretion in advance of the meal-related rise in blood-borne nutrients; that
      insulin rise acts as a messenger to the brain to reduce both CNS glucose
      utilization and endogenous glucose production in anticipation of the prandial
      glucose rise; that the VMH suppresses the reactive phase of insulin secretion
      which occurs in response to rising blood borne nutrients and finally that the VMH
      acts to restore endogenous production postprandially to ensure a smooth
      transition from use of exogenous, meal-derived energy back to endogenous stores.
      The net effect of this VMH modulation would be minimal periprandial glycemic
      perturbation. Implications of the model for diabetes and weight regulation are
      discussed.

PMID- 3881641
TI  - Genetically obese Zucker rats have abnormally low brain insulin content.
AB  - The concentration of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) extracted from the olfactory
      bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, amygdala, midbrain, and
      hindbrain was significantly lower in obese (fa/fa) and heterozygous (Fa/fa)
      Zucker rats in comparison to lean (Fa/Fa) Zucker rats. This deficit in brain IRI
      content was most severe in the hypothalamus and olfactory bulb and was
      independent of severe obesity since the marked reduction of brain IRI content was
      also found in heterozygous rats which possessed only one copy of the fa allele.
      These results demonstrate that in the 2-3 month-old female Zucker rat, the fa
      allele is associated with defective regulation of insulin in the brain.

PMID- 3881643
TI  - [Beta 2-microglobulin test in the diagnosis of chronic kidney diseases].
AB  - A study was made of the content of low molecular protein B2-microglobulin in the
      blood and urine of 126 patients with chronic renal diseases and 95 healthy
      persons. As a result of the study it was shown that B2-microglobulin
      concentration in the blood grows with age. The maximum level of B2-microglobulin
      was marked in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. A high level of the
      urinary excretion of B2-microglobulin with a moderate rise of its concentration
      in the blood is typical of patients with chronic pyelonephritis during
      exacerbation. Indices of the B2-microglobulin test are closely related to renal
      function. The B2-microglobulin test is of great diagnostic significance as it
      provides an opportunity to establish the nature of proteinuria, site and
      expression of renal pathologic processes.

PMID- 3881644
TI  - [Potentialities of sonography and radionuclide scanography in the diagnosis of
      focal and diffuse liver diseases].

PMID- 3881642
TI  - Effect of thyroidectomy and thyroxine on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
      induced immunotoxicity.
AB  - Radiothyroidectomy protected against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
      induced immunotoxicity in rats as assessed by the spleen anti-SRBC plaque-forming
      cell assay. Thyroxine (T4) replacement therapy partially reversed the effects of
      thyroidectomy on T4 and triiodothyronine (T3) serum levels, body weight and
      immune function as well as restored TCDD-induced immunotoxicity. Thus,
      hypothyroidism induced by TCDD exposure can be viewed as a protective response of
      the organism to reduce the insult caused by TCDD.

PMID- 3881645
TI  - Influence of concentration on the kinetics of SC-infused insulin. Comparison
      between square-wave SC infusion and bolus SC injection.
AB  - The influence of various concentrations of a constantly SC-infused insulin
      solution on plasma free insulin (PFI) levels wa studied in eight type 1 diabetic
      subjects. Soluble insulin at three different concentrations (10, 40, and 100
      U/mL) was pumped at two different rates: 1.5 U/h between meals and 15 U/h for 30
      minutes just before meals. For each randomly allocated concentration, PFI levels
      were studied twice in the same day during two six hour postmeal periods. In
      addition, at the end of the U40 infusion, a comparable amount of insulin was
      injected as a bolus. The total amount (56 U/d) and distribution of insulin
      delivered were similar in all patients and with each concentration. The mean
      maximum PFI levels were 39 +/- 7.2, 28.4 +/- 3.4, 36.2 +/- 6.4, and 29.2 +/- 7.6
      mus U/mL, respectively, during the U10, U40, and U100 infusions and the U40 bolus
      injection; these values were observed, respectively, 60, 120, 90, and 90 minutes
      after a step up increase of insulin infusion and after the SC bolus injection.
      PFI levels returned to basal values between three and five hours after the step
      decrease. There was no significant difference in the kinetics of PFI levels
      variation, whatever the concentration in the range of 10 to 100 U/mL. For U40
      these kinetics did not differ from that observed after a bolus SC injection of
      soluble insulin.

PMID- 3881646
TI  - Opiate modulation of glucose turnover in dogs.
AB  - We examined the effect of opiate infusion and of opiate blockage on glucose
      turnover in the basal state, using isotope dilution techniques in trained
      conscious dogs (n = 5). After a primed-continuous infusion of 3-3H glucose to
      steady state specific activity (90 minutes), infusion of one of the following was
      given: D-met2 pro5 enkephalinamide (DMPE), a potent morphine-like opiate, 0.5 mus
      g/kg/min; naloxone, an opiate antagonist, 1.25 mg followed by 10 mus g/min; or
      saline control. Infusion of DMPE led to a fall in glucose from 92 +/- 3 to 87 +/-
      3 mg/dL by 60 minutes (P less than 0.05), associated with a rise in glucose
      utilization (Rd) from 3.0 +/- 0.4 to 3.9 +/- 0.6 mg/kg/min by 30 minutes (P less
      than 0.05); a transient rise in glucose production (Ra; from 3.2 +/- 0.4 to 4.3
      +/- 0.4 mg/kg/min; P less than 0.05). Changes in counterregulatory hormones did
      not account for these findings; insulin was unchanged during all infusions;
      glucagon showed small late rises at 75 minutes during both DMPE and naloxone
      infusion; cortisol rose by 30 and 15 minutes, respectively, of DMPE and naloxone
      infusion; epinephrine rose transiently after 5 minutes of naloxone but was
      unchanged during DMPE, and norepinephrine was unchanged throughout. Saline
      infusion had no effects on any of these indices. We conclude that a potent opiate
      with morphine-like effects (DMPE) can lower glucose in dogs by enhancing
      peripheral glucose utilization independently of hormonal changes.

PMID- 3881647
TI  - Indomethacin and salicylate decrease epinephrine-induced glycogenolysis.
AB  - Epinephrine (E) produces an immediate (0-30 minutes) rise in hepatic glucose
      production (Ra), largely due to activation of glycogenolysis; thereafter, E
      stimulated gluconeogenesis becomes the major factor maintaining glucose
      production. To investigate the possible role of arachidonic acid metabolites on
      Ra during E stimulation, we infused E in trained conscious dogs before and during
      administration of two inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism, indomethacin
      (INDO) and salicylate (S). On separate days, experimental animals were treated
      with both oral and IV INDO and oral acetylsalicylic acid and IV sodium
      salicylate. Ra and glucose utilization (Rd), both in mg x kg-1 min-1, were
      calculated by isotope dilution using 3-3H-glucose. After achieving steady state
      specific activity, control (C) and experimental animals (n = 6 per group)
      received E (0.1 ug x kg-1 min-1) for 150 minutes, raising plasma levels to
      approximately 1500 pg/mL in each group. In C, plasma glucose (G; mg/dL) rose by
      17 +/- 5 at 10 minutes and 19 +/- 3 at 20 minutes due to an initial spike in Ra
      (2.7 +/- 0.2 to 4.9 +/- 0.5; P less than 0.01) at 10 minutes. INDO and S
      treatment attenuated this initial (10-20 minutes) rise in G (P less than 0.05)
      due to a lower stimulated Ra at 10 minutes (3.3 +/- 0.1 with INDO; 3.0 +/- 0.5
      with S; P less than 0.05). After 20 minutes Ra was not different in the 3 groups;
      no overall differences in Rd, glucose clearance, or plasma insulin levels
      occurred with INDO or S treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3881648
TI  - Blunted norepinephrine responsiveness to changing energy states in obese
      subjects.
AB  - We have previously reported in lean subjects a significant relationship between
      plasma norepinephrine metabolism and energy state. The present study has examined
      in six obese men the response in plasma norepinephrine flux to ten day periods of
      overeating (+ 1000 kcal/m2 above isocaloric requirements) or undereating (400
      kcal/d). Despite significant gains or losses in body weight, norepinephrine flux,
      measured during constant infusions of 3H-l-norepinephrine, failed to change
      significantly. Measurements of glucose utilization during constant infusions of
      insulin, showed significant changes with changing energy state, falling with
      overeating and rising with undereating. Insulin sensitivity was not correlated
      with plasma norepinephrine metabolism.

PMID- 3881649
TI  - Enhanced phospholipase A2 activity in rat plasma, liver, and intestinal mucosa
      following endotoxin treatment: a possible explanation for the protective effect
      of indomethacin in endotoxic shock.
AB  - Endotoxin administration in rats produced a significant increase in plasma,
      hepatic, and intestinal phospholipase A2 activity within three minutes after
      injection. The elevated phospholipase A2 activity seen in these tissues returned
      to normal levels six minutes after injection. The changes in phospholipase A2
      activity were dose-dependent within the 0, 10, and 20 mg/kg range of treatment
      with Escherichia coli endotoxin. This increase in plasma, hepatic, and intestinal
      phospholipase A2 was abolished by prior treatment of the rats with 3 mg/kg
      indomethacin, a drug known to improve survival in endotoxic shock. The fact that
      the change in phospholipase A2 occurs soon after endotoxin administration and
      that the change in phospholipase is blocked by protective doses of indomethacin
      suggests that phospholipase A2 activation may be an important initial event in
      the lethal action of endotoxin, and that the protective effects of indomethacin
      may be directly related to inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity. Further, in
      vitro studies of the effects of indomethacin on hepatic phospholipase A2 activity
      showed that indomethacin significantly inhibited this enzyme. Indomethacin (25
      mumol/L) produced 56% inhibition in phospholipase A2 activity and the apparent Ki
      for indomethacin was 9.2 mumol/L. Kinetic analysis using the Lineweaver-Burk
      method showed that the indomethacin inhibition was of the noncompetitive type.

PMID- 3881650
TI  - Suppression of basal, but not of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by human
      insulin in healthy and obese hyperinsulinemic subjects.
AB  - To evaluate the suppressive effect of biosynthetic human insulin (BHI; 2.5 U/m2 .
      h) on basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in healthy and obese
      hyperinsulinemic subjects, the plasma C-peptide response was measured during
      maintenance of euglycemia and hyperglycemia by means of the glucose clamp
      technique. In five healthy subjects in whom arterial insulin concentration was
      increased to 94 +/- 8 microU/mL, but euglycemia was maintained at the fasting
      level. C-peptide concentration fell from 1.3 +/- 1.0 ng/mL by 21 +/- 8% (P less
      than 0.05). When hyperglycemia of 7 mmol/L above basal was induced by a variable
      glucose infusion, the C-peptide response was similar in the control (5.0 +/- 0.6
      ng/mL) and BHI experiments (4.7 +/- 0.6 ng/mL) and was paralleled by an identical
      increase in plasma insulin above the prevailing insulin concentration. In seven
      obese patients plasma C-peptide fell from 3.5 +/- 0.4 to 2.8 +/- 0.5 ng/mL (P
      less than 0.05) when BHI was infused at the same rate of euglycemia maintained as
      in the lean subjects. As in healthy subjects, however, the plasma C-peptide
      response to the hyperglycemic stimulus (8.7 +/- 0.9 ng/mL) was not altered by BHI
      (7.9 +/- 0.8 ng/mL). Glucose utilization as determined by the glucose infusion
      rate necessary to maintain the desired glucose level was reduced by half in the
      obese patients compared with that of normal subjects. From these data we conclude
      that in healthy as well as obese hyperinsulinemic subjects, insulin at
      concentrations capable of suppressing its basal secretion fails to suppress its
      glucose-stimulated secretion.

PMID- 3881651
TI  - Normalization of urinary oxalate by taurine in glycolate-fed rats.
AB  - Oral feeding of sodium glycolate (50 mg/d/rat for ten days) caused a significant
      (P less than 0.001) increase in oxalate and taurine excretion and a decrease in
      liver protein content (P less than 0.05), glycolic acid oxidase levels (P less
      than 0.01), and glycolic acid dehydrogenase levels (P less than 0.01) as compared
      to normal untreated rats. Taurine (100 mg/d/rat), when administered along with
      glycolate, prevented these effects of glycolate as evident from normal urinary
      excretion of oxalate, liver protein content, glycolic acid oxidase, and glycolic
      acid dehydrogenase levels in glycolate- plus taurine-fed animals.

PMID- 3881652
TI  - Use of cytoprotective agents in the treatment of gastric ulcers.

PMID- 3881653
TI  - Cyclosporin A in cadaveric renal transplantation.

PMID- 3881654
TI  - Treatment of renal transplantation rejection. Cyclosporin A versus conventional
      treatment with azathioprine, prednisone and antithymocyte immunoglobulin in
      primary cadaveric renal transplantation.
AB  - In a prospective randomized clinical trial to compare treatment with cyclosporin
      A to conventional treatment with azathioprine, prednisone and antithymocyte
      immunoglobulin in cadaveric renal transplantation, 34 patients were entered into
      both treatment groups and were examined regularly for seven to 43 months. Renal
      graft survival at one year was 72% among patients receiving cyclosporin A therapy
      and 75% among those receiving conventional therapy. Rejection was a frequent
      complication of both treatments; irreversible rejection occurred in six patients
      receiving treatment with cyclosporin A and in 10 patients receiving conventional
      therapy. The nephrotoxicity of cyclosporin A was its main side-effect. A similar
      proportion of kidneys in both groups (65% and 69%) were initially affected with
      post-transplant oliguria, but recovery of function took significantly longer in
      the group receiving cyclosporin A therapy (median, 29 days versus 11 days, P less
      than 0.001). The results of this pilot study suggest that cyclosporin A can be
      used safely in patients with post-transplantation oliguria, and indicate that
      long-term graft survival with cyclosporin A is comparable to that achieved with
      azathioprine, prednisone and antithymocyte immunoglobulin.

PMID- 3881655
TI  - The John Curtin School of Medical Research.

PMID- 3881656
TI  - Haemophilia.

PMID- 3881657
TI  - Proteolytic activity of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas isolated freshly from human
      saliva.
AB  - Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma strains freshly isolated from human saliva were
      examined for proteolytic activity. All the strains tested (101 strains of
      Mycoplasma salivarium, 97 strains of Mycoplasma orale, and 3 strains each of
      Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum) decomposed horse serum proteins,
      bovine albumin, and casein. Ten of the M. salivarium and 8 of the M. orale
      strains were tested for aminopeptidase activity as well, using L-leucine-p
      nitroanilide as a substrate, and were shown to possess the activity. Thus
      proteolytic activity was suggested to be one of the biological characteristics of
      these two species. The level of both caseinolytic and aminopeptidase activity was
      significantly higher in M. salivarium than M. orale strains.

PMID- 3881659
TI  - Evaluation of the DNA-repair host-mediated assay. I. Induction of repairable DNA
      damage in E. coli cells recovered from liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, and the
      blood stream of mice treated with methylating carcinogens.
AB  - The DNA-repair host-mediated assay was further calibrated by determining the
      genotoxic activities of 4 methylating carcinogens, namely, dimethylnitrosamine
      (DMNA), 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (SDMH), methyl nitrosourea (MNU) and methyl
      methanesulphonate (MMS) in various organs of treated mice. The ranking of the
      animal-mediated genotoxic activities of the compounds was compared with that
      obtained in DNA repair assays performed in vitro. The differential survival of
      strain E. coli K-12/343/113 and of its DNA-repair-deficient derivatives recA,
      polA and uvrB/recA, served as a measure of genotoxic potency. In the in vitro
      assays and at equimolar exposure concentrations, MMS and MNU are the most active
      chemicals, followed by DMNA, which shows a slight genotoxic effect only in the
      presence of mouse liver homogenate; SDMH has no activity under these conditions.
      In the host-mediated assays, the order of genotoxic potency of the compounds was
      quite different: those carcinogens which require mammalian metabolic activation,
      namely, DMNA and SDMH, show strong effects in liver and blood, a lesser effect in
      the lungs and kidneys and the least effect in the spleen. The activity of MNU, a
      directly acting compound, is similar in all organs investigated, but it is
      clearly lower than that of DMNA and SDMH. MMS, also a directly acting carcinogen,
      causes some (barely significant) effect at the highest dose tested. A similar
      order of potency was observed when the compounds were tested in intrasanguineous
      host-mediated assays with gene mutation as an endpoint. DMNA and SDMH induce
      comparable frequencies of L-valine-resistant mutants in E. coli K-12/343/113
      recovered from liver and spleen of treated mice, the effect in the liver being
      the strongest. MNU is mutagenic only at a higher dose, while MMS shows no effect.
      The results are discussed with respect to the literature data on organ-specific
      DNA adduct formation induced by the compounds. It is concluded that qualitatively
      there is a good correlation between the degree of genotoxic activity found in the
      DNA repair host-mediated assay and DNA adduct formation in the animal's own
      cells. This is exemplified by the finding that the relative order of genotoxic
      activity of the 4 methylating agents in bacteria recovered from various organs
      (DMNA approximately equal to SDMH greater than MNU greater than MMS) is reflected
      by the same order of magnitude in DNA alkylation in corresponding mammalian
      organs. Quantitatively, the indirectly acting agents DMNA and SDMH seem to induce
      fewer genotoxic effects in bacteria present in the liver than would be expected
      on the basis of DNA-adduct formation data.

PMID- 3881658
TI  - Immunofluorescence test with antigen-loaded erythrocytes: detection of influenza
      virus specific IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies.
AB  - An immunofluorescence test (IFT) for the detection of influenza virus antibodies
      was established to supplement the standard serological diagnostical complement
      fixation test (CFT). Current strains (A/Philippines/2/82, A/Brazil/11/78,
      B/Singapore/222/79) were loaded on formalinized chicken erythrocytes. In contrast
      to CFT, we can distinguish specific immunoglobulin classes against influenza
      virus. Unlike CFT, IFT is subtype-specific. A recent infection can be
      distinguished from a past infection by the differentiation of specific
      immunoglobulin classes. Anticomplementary factors and hemolytic sera do not
      influence the result of the IFT. IFT does not require cell cultures and is easy
      to read.

PMID- 3881660
TI  - Naturally occurring carbonyl compounds are mutagens in Salmonella tester strain
      TA104.
AB  - Strains of Salmonella typhimurium that carry a nonsense mutation at the site of
      reversion detect a variety of naturally occurring and synthetic carbonyl
      compounds as direct-acting mutagens. TA104 is reverted efficiently by
      formaldehyde, alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes (enals), and dicarbonyl
      compounds, such as diacetyl and glutaraldehyde. This strain is much more
      sensitive to carbonyl mutagenesis than is TA100, a strain previously reported to
      detect aldehydes as mutagens, or any other characterized strains of Salmonella.
      Long-chain enals are very toxic to TA104, but addition of a reduced glutathione
      chase following an incubation period decreases this toxicity, thus enabling the
      detection of 4-hydroxy-pentenal, a homolog of the lipid peroxidation product, 4
      hydroxy-nonenal, as a mutagen. This is the first report of the mutagenicity of a
      hydroxy-enal, a class of enals produced by lipid peroxidation. Testing conducted
      with strains that carry the nonsense mutation in different repair backgrounds
      indicates that the presence of pKM101 and the deletion of the uvrB gene
      facilitate the detection of enals and dicarbonyls, but not malondialdehyde, as
      mutagens. Since carbonyl compounds are widely distributed in foods, are generated
      during cellular metabolism, and are present in body fluids, they may make a
      significant contribution to the risk of human cancer.

PMID- 3881661
TI  - Lethal and mutagenic effects photoinduced in haploid yeast (Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae) by two new monofunctional pyridopsoralens compared to 3
      carbethoxypsoralen and 8-methoxypsoralen.
AB  - The photobiological effects of two monofunctional pyridopsoralens (PPs),
      pyrido[3,4-c]psoralen and pyrido[3,4-c]-7-methylpsoralen were studied and
      compared to those of 3-carbethoxypsoralen (3-CPs) and 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP)
      in a haploid wild-type strain of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The capacity
      of PPs to photoinduce lethal effects in the presence of 365-nm radiation was not
      only higher than that of the monofunctional compound 3-CPs, but also higher than
      that of the bifunctional compound 8-MOP. This activity was apparently independent
      of oxygen, and it was found that it was probably due to the induction of
      monoadducts in DNA. A high effectiveness of PPs on the induction of cytoplasmic
      'petite' mutations was observed suggesting a high photoaffinity towards
      mitochondrial DNA. In contrast to 8-MOP, the strong cell killing activity of PPs
      was not accompanied by a strong inducing effect on nuclear mutations (HIS+
      reversions or canR forward mutations). For these endpoints, PPs were less
      effective per unit dose of 365-nm radiation and also less efficient per viable
      cell than 8-MOP. From this, it appears that the lesions photoinduced by the
      former compounds show a more lethal than (nuclear) mutagenic potential.
      Furthermore, the fact that PPs were even less mutagenic (nuclear) per viable cell
      than the monofunctional compound 3-CPs suggests that the activity of these agents
      may differ in frequency and nature of lesions induced. The photobiological
      activity of PPs in haploid yeast appears to be in line with the recent
      proposition for their use in photochemotherapy.

PMID- 3881662
TI  - Mutagenic and alkylating activities of organophosphate impurities of commercial
      malathion.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if 4 major organophosphate impurities
      of malathion were active as alkylators of nitrobenzylpyridine (NBP) or as
      mutagens in the Salmonella typhimurium bioassay. Malathion, isomalathion, O,O,O
      trimethyl phosphorothioate, O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate, and O,S,S-trimethyl
      phosphorodithioate produced alkylated NBP at varying rates. In order of
      increasing NBP reactivity, the compounds ranked: O,O,O-trimethyl phosphorothioate
      = O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate less than O,S,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate
      less than isomalathion = malathion. At 37 degrees C, the most reactive compounds
      produced an NBP alkylation rate equal to approximately 25% of the rate produced
      by methyl methanesulfonate, a potent Salmonella mutagen. However, none of the
      organophosphates were mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA97, TA98 and TA100 when
      tested by the standard plate-incorporation method or by the preincubation
      modification of the plate-incorporation method. The possible relationships
      between NBP reactivity and the biological activities of these organophosphates
      are discussed.

PMID- 3881663
TI  - Mutagenic activity of 5 thiazole compounds in the Salmonella/microsome and mouse
      lymphoma TK+/- assays.
AB  - To aid in the selection of chemical candidates for in vivo tests, the
      mutagenicity of 5 thiazole compounds was evaluated in the Salmonella plate
      incorporation assay and mouse lymphoma L5178Y TK+/- assay. Two of the compounds,
      2-thiazolamine and 3-methyl-5-isothiazolamine, were positive in both assays; and
      one, thiazole, was negative. With the other 2 compounds the results were
      nonconcordant: 5-phenyl-2,4-thiazolediamine was negative in the Salmonella assay
      but positive in the mouse lymphoma assay, and C.I. Basic Red 29 was positive in
      the Salmonella assay while the response in the mouse lymphoma assay was
      considered equivocal.

PMID- 3881664
TI  - Study of the mutagenicity of metal derivatives with Salmonella typhimurium TA102.
AB  - The mutagenic potential of 16 metal derivatives was studied with a new mutant of
      Salmonella typhimurium, the strain TA102 (Levin et al., 1983). Some of these
      compounds are known as carcinogens (As, Cr VI, Cd, Ni) or suspected carcinogens
      in man (Pb, Hg), others are known as non-carcinogens (Cr III, Al, Cu, Mn, Fe).
      Among these 16 derivatives, only the two Cr(VI) compounds are strong mutagens
      (K2Cr2O7 or K2CrO4).

PMID- 3881665
TI  - Genetic activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of compounds found in effluents of
      pulp and paper mills.
AB  - 20 compounds identified in pulp mill effluents were screened for genetic activity
      in growing cells using Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains D7 and XV185-14C without
      and with S9. Nine compounds were positive in one or the other yeast strain (7 in
      D7; 2 in XV185-14C). One additional compound showed weak effects and two others
      showed elevated frequencies/survivor without absolute increases of mutants. The
      presence of S9 enabled detection of one positive and two weak effects, it
      enhanced the genetic activity of one compound in each strain, and it reduced the
      mutagenic effects of 4 others in strain D7. 7 of the 20 chemicals tested have
      been shown previously to be mutagenic in the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome
      assay. Of the 7 bacterial mutagens, 6 were positive and 1 had a weak effect in
      yeast.

PMID- 3881666
TI  - Assessment of the genotoxic effects of methyl chloride in human lymphoblasts.
AB  - The activity of methyl chloride was measured in 4 genotoxicity assays. In an
      established human lymphoblast line, a 3-h treatment with 0-5% methyl chloride
      resulted in a dose-related increase in mutant fraction at the thymidine kinase
      locus and induction of sister-chromatid exchange. No increase in DNA damage, as
      measured by alkaline elution, was detected in the lymphoblasts at concentrations
      of methyl chloride shown to be mutagenic. Also, a concentration-related increase
      in 8-azaguanine-resistant fraction in Salmonella typhimurium was observed
      following a 3-h treatment with atmospheres containing 0-20% methyl chloride.
      Thus, methyl chloride is a weak, direct-acting mutagen for bacteria and human
      cells in culture.

PMID- 3881668
TI  - Cholera and other vibrioses in the United States.

PMID- 3881667
TI  - Postcoital detection of a male-specific semen protein. Application to the
      investigation of rape.
AB  - Identification of semen in vaginal fluid may provide documentation of sexual
      contact in alleged victims of rape. We describe an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay for a semen glycoprotein of prostatic origin, designated p30. This test
      detects as little as 3 ng of the p30 antigen per milliliter in various body
      fluids. Semen from normal and vasectomized men contains high levels of p30 (mean,
      1.55 mg per milliliter of seminal plasma), and urine from men contains low levels
      (mean, 260 ng per milliliter). However, the antigen cannot be detected in body
      fluids from women, including vaginal fluid and urine, suggesting that p30 may be
      a male-specific antigen. The p30 antigen was detectable in vaginal fluid for a
      mean period of 27 hours after coitus, as compared with 14 hours for prostatic
      acid phosphatase. Of 27 vaginal fluid samples from women who were allegedly raped
      in which the acid phosphatase test was negative, 7 (26 per cent) were
      unequivocally positive for p30 by our assay. We conclude that the assay for p30
      offers a more sensitive and specific method of semen detection in rape
      investigation than the enzyme assay for prostatic acid phosphatase.

PMID- 3881669
TI  - Insulin in the Somogyi phenomenon.

PMID- 3881670
TI  - Hawthorne and pericardial calcinosis.

PMID- 3881671
TI  - Madame Bovary died of arsenic poisoning.

PMID- 3881672
TI  - Increased expression of an adhesion-promoting surface glycoprotein in the
      granulocytopenia of hemodialysis.
AB  - To identify the mechanisms accounting for hemodialysis-induced granulocytopenia,
      we undertook quantitative kinetic studies of a granulocyte-adhesion-promoting
      surface glycoprotein (Mo1). In eight patients undergoing maintenance
      hemodialysis, there was a fivefold increase in the mean cell-surface expression
      of Mo1 within 15 minutes after the start of dialysis with a new cuprophane
      membrane. The peak increase in surface Mo1 coincided with the maximal drop in
      neutrophil count and with the peak rise in the plasma levels of the complement
      activation products C5a desArg and C3a desArg. During dialysis on a membrane
      being reused for the fifth time, no significant complement activation, no
      increase in Mo1 expression, and no change in neutrophil count were seen. C5a
      desArg (but not C3a desArg) induced a comparable increase in Mo1 expression on
      normal granulocytes in vitro at concentrations similar to those measured in vivo.
      Chemotactic peptide-induced granulocyte aggregation (a reflection of increased
      cell-to-cell adhesiveness) was specifically blocked by mouse monoclonal
      antibodies to Mo1 in vitro. These data suggest that the increased expression of
      Mo1 on granulocytes in vivo is in part mediated by C5a (and C5a desArg). The
      quantitative increase in granulocyte-surface Mo1 may provide a mechanism for
      initiating leukoaggregation, sequestration of granulocytes, and neutropenia
      during hemodialysis.

PMID- 3881673
TI  - Common epithelial cancer of the ovary (2).

PMID- 3881674
TI  - The administration's assault on domestic spending and the threat to health care
      programs.

PMID- 3881675
TI  - Suppression of thyrotropin in the low-thyroxine state of severe nonthyroidal
      illness.
AB  - In a prospective study, we assessed the role of thyrotropin in the development of
      the low-thyroxine state that is associated with severe illness. We measured the
      serum thyrotropin and thyroid hormone concentrations longitudinally in 35
      patients with hematopoietic cancer or aplastic anemia who were treated by bone
      marrow transplantation. In 19 patients thyroxine declined sharply after bone
      marrow transplantation and was associated with a reduction of the serum
      thyrotropin in the 17 patients tested, often to levels below the normal range.
      The serum triiodothyronine level, free thyroxine index, and free thyroxine level
      also declined in these patients. In the patients who recovered, clinical
      improvement was accompanied by the return of thyrotropin and thyroid hormone
      concentrations to their pretreatment ranges. These and related findings suggest
      that the low-thyroxine state of severe illness is the result of several events,
      one of which is failure of the normal negative-feedback control of the pituitary
      thyroid axis due to illness-associated, decreased secretion of thyrotropin. The
      notion that such patients are "euthyroid" must be questioned, but the possible
      value of thyroid hormone-replacement therapy in these circumstances remains to be
      determined.

PMID- 3881676
TI  - Current concepts. Seizure disorders and pregnancy.

PMID- 3881677
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 9-1985. A 43-year-old woman with hypertension, hematemesis, and
      metabolic acidosis.

PMID- 3881679
TI  - HMOs: origins and development.

PMID- 3881678
TI  - Spontaneous pneumococcal peritonitis: late infection after bone-marrow
      transplantation.

PMID- 3881680
TI  - Heart transplants: Japan tries limited experiment.

PMID- 3881682
TI  - [Immunological studies of biopsies of patients with colitis; diagnostic
      progress?].

PMID- 3881681
TI  - Close link between reduction of c-myc expression by interferon and, G0/G1 arrest.
AB  - It has recently been reported that c-myc is an inducible gene, regulated directly
      by growth signals which promote proliferation and expressed in a cell-cycle
      dependent manner. Because various leukaemic cell lines express high levels of c
      myc messenger RNA, it was of interest to discover whether the gene could be down
      regulated in these cells by a growth inhibitor such as interferon (IFN). We show
      here that in Daudi Burkitt's lymphoma cells, IFN-alpha produces a five- to
      sevenfold reduction in c-myc mRNA through a decreased rate of c-myc gene
      transcription. By isolating a growth-resistant Daudi cell variant that had
      escaped from this down-regulation, we provide the first clear link between
      reduction of c-myc mRNA and the IFN-mediated G0/G1 arrest characteristic of Daudi
      cells. Furthermore, by screening other cell lines, we demonstrate the
      heterogeneity of human leukaemic cells with respect to these criteria. Thus, IFN
      alpha fails to reduce the c-myc mRNA and to change the cell-cycle distribution in
      HL-60 and U937 cells, although normal induction of other IFN-regulated activities
      takes place. The latter group of cells shows a decline in c-myc gene expression
      when they become arrested in the G0/G1 phase as part of their terminal
      differentiation.

PMID- 3881683
TI  - [The microcomputer as kardex; application for input and storage of literature
      references].

PMID- 3881684
TI  - [Diagnostic malaria studies: parasitological or serological?].

PMID- 3881685
TI  - [Half a century of Crohn's disease].

PMID- 3881686
TI  - [Medical expert systems: an aid in diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 3881687
TI  - Host immune status in uraemia. VI. Leucocytic response to bacterial infection in
      chronic renal failure.
AB  - Infection often complicates renal failure and frequently causes death, but the
      association between renal failure, impaired immunity and infection has not been
      proved. A recent study showed that patients on dialysis did not show an expected
      leucocytic response to infection, suggesting that the blunted response was
      evidence of the immunocompromised state of the uraemic patient. In this study,
      the relationship between leucocytic responses and infectious challenge was
      investigated in an animal model of chronic renal failure. Bacteraemia,
      peritonitis and a chronic lung infection were induced in normal and uraemic rats;
      the leucocytic response was then monitored. In all three infections, the total
      white blood cell response was significantly less in the uraemic animals.
      Neutrophil numbers actually increased, but this response was disguised by a
      pronounced depression in lymphocyte numbers. Our conclusion is that, although the
      leucocytic response of the uraemic host to infection may be depressed, the
      changes to individual leucocyte components in the peripheral blood are
      sufficiently characteristic to provide useful evidence of infection.

PMID- 3881688
TI  - Studies on the 'linear pattern' in renal glomeruli demonstrated with
      immunofluorescence.
AB  - We have experimentally induced the 'linear pattern' in immunofluorescence: the
      linear deposition of endogenous immunoglobulin (Ig) along the glomerular basement
      membrane (GBM) in rats injected with both protamine and nephrotoxic serum. This
      Ig was demonstrated to have no specific antibody activity against GBM or rabbit
      serum. Our findings could be of value in the analysis of the mechanism and
      pathological meaning of the 'linear pattern' of endogenous Ig in
      immunofluorescence.

PMID- 3881689
TI  - Immunofluorescence studies in paraffin-embedded tissue.

PMID- 3881690
TI  - Effect of captopril in Bartter's syndrome.

PMID- 3881691
TI  - Evidence for the existence of atrial natriuretic factor-containing neurons in the
      rat brain.
AB  - Immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor- (ANF-)positive nerve fibers and cell
      bodies were observed in the preoptic area, hypothalamus, mesencephalon, and pons
      of rats. In colchicine-treated animals a large number of immunoreactive ANF
      positive cell bodies were seen in the organum vasculosum of the lamina
      terminalis, in several hypothalamic nuclei (e.g. periventricular, arcuate, and
      ventral premammillary nuclei), and in the dorsolateral tegmental nuclei of the
      pons. Varicose nerve fibers containing ANF were generally observed in the
      vicinity of the cells. These findings indicate that a widespread network of ANF
      containing neurons is present in the brain.

PMID- 3881692
TI  - Placebo-controlled study of mesulergine in Parkinson's disease.
AB  - We used a new D2 dopamine agonist, mesulergine (8-alpha-amino-ergoline, CU 32
      085), to treat 20 patients (12 men and 8 women), mean age 62.6 (SEM = 1.7) and
      mean duration of illness 5.9 (SEM = 1.0) years. Wearing-off effect was the
      principal indication for new therapy in 15 patients, and the others had
      inadequate response to levodopa. All continued on levodopa therapy, and 10
      patients were studied in a double-blind controlled test. The mean motor
      disability decreased from 2.8 (SEM = 0.12) to 1.6 (SEM = 0.18) with mesulergine
      (p less than 0.0001) and increased to 1.9 (SEM = 0.20) with placebo (p less than
      0.001). Tremor improved most, followed by rigidity, bradykinesia, gait, and
      postural instability. Side effects included dyskinesia, light-headedness,
      hallucinations, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, and ankle edema, but, in general,
      mesulergine was tolerated well.

PMID- 3881693
TI  - Ataxic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: diagnostic techniques and neuropathologic
      observations in early disease.
AB  - We studied two cases of ataxic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. EEG, CT, evoked
      responses, and CSF were normal in one purely ataxic patient. Diagnosis was
      established by cerebellar biopsy. Autopsy demonstrated devastating spongiform
      changes in the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and thalamus with rare focal changes in
      cerebral cortex. In the second patient, late generalized changes developed with
      dementia. Diagnostic studies included abnormal visual evoked responses, CSF with
      abnormal oligoclonal bands and IgG, and subacute spongiform encephalopathy in
      frontal lobe biopsy. Early diagnosis is best established by biopsy of brain areas
      most likely to be involved on the basis of clinical neurologic findings.

PMID- 3881694
TI  - Sairey Gamp revisited: a historical inquiry into alcoholism and drug dependency.

PMID- 3881695
TI  - On the scene: University of Cincinnati Hospital. Self-help interventions.

PMID- 3881696
TI  - Perspectives 20 years later. From the pioneers of the nurse practitioner
      movement.

PMID- 3881697
TI  - The cervical cap as a contraceptive alternative.
AB  - A recent resurgence in the United States of popular interest in the cervical cap
      has prompted reexamination of its safety and effectiveness as a contraceptive
      device. Despite widespread use in Europe, few studies are available for
      evaluation of this non-hormonal, non-invasive barrier method of contraception.
      The U.S. Food and Drug Administration classified the cap as a "significant risk
      device" and has limited dispensing of the cap to providers with Investigational
      Device Exemptions. Use and fitting of the cervical cap are described.

PMID- 3881698
TI  - Acceptance of nurse practitioners: patient behavioral indicators.
AB  - Using the Delphi Technique, this study investigated the concept of acceptance and
      sought to identify behavioral indicators of patient acceptance of nurse
      practitioners. Thirty-four nurse practitioners participated in the study and came
      to consensus regarding 20 verbal and 16 nonverbal behaviors. This study was a
      step toward defining objective criteria of NP acceptance.

PMID- 3881699
TI  - The training of a physician in the 20s.

PMID- 3881700
TI  - Tissue integrated prostheses--new hope for the compromised denture patient.

PMID- 3881701
TI  - Molar apicoectomy--salvaging teeth--II.

PMID- 3881702
TI  - Local anesthetic complications: a review and case report.

PMID- 3881703
TI  - A conservative prosthodontic appliance for the pediatric patient.

PMID- 3881704
TI  - Survey of dental services in nursing homes in western New York State.

PMID- 3881705
TI  - A senior elective course in geriatric dentistry.

PMID- 3881706
TI  - Norman P. Tanz, 1985 DSSNY President. A profile.

PMID- 3881707
TI  - Sexuality in pregnancy and the puerperium: a review.

PMID- 3881708
TI  - The value of endometrial cytology. A comparative study of the Gravlee jet-washer,
      Isaacs cell sampler, and Endoscann versus curettage in 600 patients.

PMID- 3881709
TI  - Maternal drugs and congenital heart disease.
AB  - Congenital heart disease comprises one-third of all major birth defects.
      Prevalence estimates depend on the definition of the disease and the postnatal
      period when the disease is diagnosed. The studies with the longest follow-up
      estimate that 0.9% of infants are afflicted. The cause of these cardiac defects
      is largely unknown. The effect of embryonic exposure to maternal drugs during
      cardiogenesis has been widely studied, and the evidence suggests that maternal
      use of ethanol, anticonvulsants, lithium, and exogeneous female hormones may
      increase the risk of congenital heart disease. An antiemetic agent containing
      doxylamine has been implicated in the courts. This review offers an analysis of
      the epidemiologic evidence of the occurrence of congenital heart disease in
      relation to maternal drug use during pregnancy. The evidence indicates that the
      vast majority of heart malformations cannot be attributed to these pharmacologic
      agents.

PMID- 3881711
TI  - A critical evaluation of three methods of studying cell proliferation in human
      cervical epithelium.
AB  - Three experiments describing applications of cell kinetic techniques to the human
      cervix are presented. The mitotic index is shown not to be associated with
      histologic differentiation, node metastasis, or survival rates in cervical
      squamous carcinoma, although inherent sources of inaccuracy may be a contributory
      factor. The second experiment, a new application of the metaphase arrest
      technique to cervical epithelium, allows an estimation of cell production rates
      in normal, dysplastic, wart-affected cervical epithelium, and in invasive
      carcinoma. Confidence limits are wide, rendering individual values imprecise in
      isolation. The third project describes a modification of in vitro labeling of
      cervical biopsy specimens using tritiated thymidine followed by autoradiography.
      Labeling indexes are produced for normal and pathological cervical epithelium.
      Although successful labeling was not achieved in every case, the labeling index
      for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN stage III) is significantly greater
      than for normal epithelium. The metaphase arrest technique appears to be the most
      applicable of the three to the study of the human cervix, yielding a useful
      parameter of cell proliferative activity. The labeling index gives an indication
      of activity that is useful for comparative studies, but that does not provide
      data regarding actual proliferative rates. More sophisticated experiments using
      radioactive materials are ethically inadmissable.

PMID- 3881710
TI  - Single- versus three-dose cefotaxime prophylaxis for cesarean section.
AB  - A prospective randomized study was undertaken in 100 patients undergoing cesarean
      section to evaluate the efficacy of cefotaxime when given as a single-dose versus
      the more traditional triple-dose regimen for prophylaxis. Analysis of the results
      demonstrated no significant differences in febrile morbidity (14 versus 20%) or
      postoperative endometritis (10 versus 14%) between the single- and triple-dose
      groups, respectively. Pretherapy aerobic and anaerobic placental cultures were
      positive in 60% of the overall study population. In those patients who
      subsequently developed endometritis, seven (58%) had a positive placental
      culture, suggesting that this technique is relatively nonspecific as a screening
      procedure. Results of transcervical culture in the endometritis patients most
      often demonstrated a polymicrobial picture. Several of the organisms cultured
      were found to be resistant to cefotaxime, supporting the need to better guide
      antimicrobial therapy by routine endometrial culturing in patients who fail
      prophylaxis. The results of the present study suggest that single-dose
      administration of cefotaxime is equally effective as triple-dose therapy in
      reducing postcesarean section endometritis.

PMID- 3881712
TI  - Step 1 1/2 therapy for the treatment of hypertension.

PMID- 3881713
TI  - Combined perforating keratoplasty and intracapsular cataract extraction.
AB  - 251 eyes underwent the combined procedure of perforating keratoplasty and
      intracapsular cataract extraction from 1968 to 1983. The preoperative
      preliminaries as well as the intraoperative details are described. The
      histological diagnoses were Fuchs' endothelial-epithelial dystrophy, keratoconus,
      leukoma adherens and different kinds of keratitis. 89% of the grafts were clear,
      11% irreversibly cloudy. Visual acuity was improved in 88%. Postoperative high
      intraocular pressure was no special problem and not affected by the combined
      procedure. Vitreal complications were seen in only 14%. The diameter for
      transplant and patient's cornea can be reduced to 7.3 mm for both.

PMID- 3881714
TI  - Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: historical overview.
AB  - The first reported surgical repair of anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees
      was done by Mayo Robson in 1895. The earliest anterior cruciate ligament
      reconstructions were done by Hey Groves in 1917 and by Alwyn Smith in 1918. Both
      used an intra-articular strip of iliotibial band. At this same time, the first
      attempt to make an artificial anterior cruciate ligament was done. Corner used
      wire, while Alwyn Smith used multiple silk sutures. Both methods failed. The
      first extra-articular procedures to correct instability in anterior cruciate
      ligament-deficient knees were reported by Bennett in 1926 and Cotton and Morrison
      and Bosworth and Bosworth in the mid 1930s. All of these surgeons reconstructed
      the medial side of the knee with free strips of fascia. In 1936, Campbell
      described the intra-articular use of patellar tendon and stressed the need for
      anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in young, athletic individuals with
      unstable knees. In the 1950s, O'Donoghue also emphasized the early repair of an
      injuried anterior cruciate ligament and did much to improve the care of the
      college athlete. The procedures described by Jones, Slocum, Larson, and Nicholas
      dominated the 1960s and early 1970s. Various rotatory knee instabilities were
      defined, and the Lachman and pivot shift tests were born. Descriptions of various
      tendon transfers and intra-articular graft techniques have been published over
      the last 10 years. Most of these are variations of procedures described decades
      ago. In 1918, Alwyn Smith used electrical stimulation to decrease postoperative
      quadriceps atrophy. In 1936, Mauck advised the use of a hinged knee cast after
      surgery for better rehabilitation. Finally, in 1938, Palmer described a drill
      guide for more anatomic placement of an anterior cruciate ligament graft in the
      femur. Although prosthetic materials may have a greater place in the 1980s, the
      foundation for such research was laid long ago by innovative surgeons such as Hey
      Groves and Alwyn Smith, the great-grandfathers of anterior cruciate ligament
      reconstructions.

PMID- 3881715
TI  - Associated joint pathology in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee with
      emphasis on a classification system and injuries to the meniscocapsular ligament
      musculotendinous unit complex.
AB  - This article defines the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee in terms of
      capsular instabilities. This definition lends itself to a better assessment of
      the associated pathology consisting of torn capsular ligaments, torn medial and
      lateral menisci, chondral fractures, subluxation of the patella, and acute
      contusion of the peroneal nerve. The specific incidence of torn medial meniscus
      was 70 per cent, with a torn lateral meniscus identified 77 per cent of the time.

PMID- 3881716
TI  - The variable functional disability of the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient
      knee.
AB  - The goal of the authors has been to define the syndrome of the anterior cruciate
      ligament-deficient knee. These concepts have been applied to pertinent articles
      in order to explain the discrepancies and contrasting opinions in the literature.
      The authors have suggested guidelines for treatment based on the quantification
      of risk factors and a method for the prediction of the functional disability
      level of patients. Functional disability is activity level-related and is also
      related to the type of sport and the intensity level of play. Functional
      disability is symptomatically expressed by pain, swelling, and giving way, which
      must be correlated with a specific activity level.

PMID- 3881717
TI  - Diagnosis of chronic injury to the anterior cruciate ligament.
AB  - The diagnosis of chronic injury to the anterior cruciate ligament is proved by
      accurate interpretation of its visualization at arthroscopy, arthrotomy, or
      necropsy. Chronic injury is suspected if the history indicates an original trauma
      with an episode of swelling or hemarthrosis followed by a temporary period of
      disability and a subsequent report of repeated limb collapse. Positive functional
      tests such as the crossover, leaning hop, and deceleration tests support the
      diagnosis, as does the radiographic presence of a Segond's fracture or a notch in
      the lateral femoral condyle. The diagnosis is confirmed by the combined presence
      of positive laxity and instability tests. The laxity tests employed are the
      drawer tests with the knee in 15 and 90 degrees of flexion and the flexion
      rotation drawer test. In diagnosing chronic injury to the anterior cruciate
      ligament, I place most reliance on the presence of positive pivot shift tests
      that demonstrate instability. Occasionally, a direct radiograph of the subluxated
      knee joint or double contrast arthrography is employed to confirm the diagnosis.

PMID- 3881718
TI  - Treatment selection in acute anterior cruciate ligament tears.
AB  - Traumatic hemarthrosis associated with rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament
      is one of the most common ligament injuries encountered in sports medicine today.
      Its management is difficult because of the combination of presenting pathology as
      well as the multitude of patient profiles encountered. Crucial to the decision on
      proper management of a particular patient is the accumulation of data concerning
      the patient's social and sporting life as well as a detailed physical
      examination. When doubt exists, the physician can use other tests, including
      arthrograms, examination under anesthesia, or arthroscopy, to confirm and expand
      his diagnosis. Generally, the patient will be easily categorized into one of
      three areas: those who require surgery and reconstruction, those who do not, and
      those whom a decision is not clear. In the treatment of rotatory instability of
      the knee, no single approach has proved to be a panacea. The multiple procedures
      available attest to the complexity of the situation. It is not easily decided who
      will do well with conservative treatment and who will not, although data show
      that many individuals with mild or moderate instability can be treated
      effectively this way. The patient must be involved in the decision process,
      although it is clearly the physician who brings his bias to bear. The key factor
      in the successful management of the knee with rotatory instability is the
      patient's individual ability and willingness to modify his activities and select
      those sporting events compatible with his level of instability and general
      coordination. Rehabilitation is important for optimal results in both the
      conservatively and operatively treated groups and involves the four principles of
      (1) protection during the healing phase, (2) prevention of reinjury, (3)
      achievement of previous performance levels, and (4) postponement of late
      degenerative changes. The role of the physician is to guide and support the
      patient in learning to accept his knee disability. The best medical management
      and advice are ever-changing. Future technologic breakthroughs may provide
      optimal solutions for knees with rotatory instability and may create surgical and
      rehabilitative techniques that will prove desirable to those patients who
      presently are unwilling or unsuited to take the risk of major surgical
      reconstruction and the long rehabilitative process associated with it.

PMID- 3881719
TI  - [High-frequency ventilation].

PMID- 3881720
TI  - [Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of cystic adenomatoid changes in the fetal lung].

PMID- 3881721
TI  - [A hospital-founding military leader in King Sigmund's time (Pipo Ozorai)].

PMID- 3881722
TI  - [Deviant behavior patterns in Hungary during the Monarchy].

PMID- 3881723
TI  - Normal values for ventricular size as determined by real time sonographic
      techniques.
AB  - Seventy-three real time sonographic scans were performed through the anterior
      fontanelle of 67 infants between 28 and 48 weeks post-conception who had no
      evidence of intracranial disease. Several anatomical measurements were plotted
      against independent variables such as post-conception age, weight and head
      circumference at the time of the examination. All of the measurements increased
      as age, weight and head circumference increased. Ratios formed by dividing
      transventricular diameters by transcalvarial diameters at the two levels in the
      coronal plane and by dividing occipital mantle thickness by frontal mantle
      thickness in the parasagittal planes remained stable as all of the independent
      variables increased. In 88% of cases the occipital mantle could not be measured
      since the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles could not be identified.
      Since dilation of the ventricular system starts in the occipital horns of the
      lateral ventricles, non-visualization of this area is an important negative
      finding.

PMID- 3881724
TI  - Kidney size in childhood. Sonographical growth charts for kidney length and
      volume.
AB  - Kidney size was determined in a sonographic study of 325 children without kidney
      pathology. Real-time ultrasound equipment adjusted for the pediatric age group,
      provided standardized renal biometry. Outer kidney diameters showed a linear
      correlation to somatic developmental parameters. Renal volume was established by
      the formula for an ellipsoid and showed good correlation to body weight. Growth
      charts for kidney length and volume in childhood are constructed and provide the
      basis for objective intra- and interindividual determination of renal size.

PMID- 3881725
TI  - Real time ultrasound scanning of the head in neonates and infants, including a
      correlation between ultrasound and computed tomography.
AB  - The results of ultrasound (US) head scans performed in a children's hospital over
      a 6 month period have been reviewed and correlated with the results of computed
      tomography (CT). Two hundred and twenty-four scans were performed on 141 children
      ranging in age from a few days to 18 months. The clinical indications with which
      these children were referred were: abnormal neurological symptoms or signs,
      screening for hydrocephalus in neural tube defects (NTD), enlarging heads,
      suspected intra-cranial haemorrhage (ICH) and its sequelae, suspected
      complications of meningitis, investigations of suspected syndromes and following
      trauma. Twenty-nine of these children also had CT scans. There was good
      correlation between the two examinations and in only one case (a subdural
      collection) was a serious abnormality missed by US. US head scanning has been
      found to be a very reliable technique. It is the initial investigation of choice
      for imaging the brain of neonates and infants and in many instances it is the
      only investigation necessary.

PMID- 3881727
TI  - Television's impact on children.
AB  - Television has a major impact on children's knowledge, attitudes, and behavior.
      Research has demonstrated the association between television viewing and four
      areas: (1) children's aggressive behavior; (2) racial and sex-role stereotypes;
      (3) decreased interest in reading and school activities; and (4) poorer health
      habits and attitudes. Methodological limitations make it difficult to draw firm
      conclusions about a causal relationship between television viewing and children's
      behavior. Representative studies in these four areas are reviewed, important
      methodological concerns are pointed out, and conclusions from the research
      findings are drawn. The implications of the data for pediatricians and other
      health professionals are discussed.

PMID- 3881726
TI  - Altered growth, hypoglycemia, hypoalaninemia, and ketonemia in the young rat:
      postnatal consequences of intrauterine growth retardation.
AB  - We characterized some of the consequences of intrauterine growth retardation in
      rat pups growth retarded [small for gestational age (SGA)] due to bilateral
      maternal uterine artery ligation. Pups of sham and nonoperated (normal) mothers
      served as controls. SGA pups had significantly reduced body and carcass mass
      throughout the study while body mass did not differ between sham and normal pups
      after 4 days. Brain mass was similar in the three groups at any age, while at 21
      days and later, SGA liver weight as % body mass exceeded that of sham or normals.
      At 21 days, a 48-h fast reduced plasma glucose significantly in SGA compared to
      sham and normal pups; SGA plasma insulin was decreased and glucagon increased.
      Hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity and glycogen content were
      similar among groups. SGA pups did have significantly reduced plasma alanine and
      elevated betahydroxybutyrate levels. No differences in the responses to fasting
      occurred at 28 or 35 days. These data indicate that intrauterine growth
      retardation has profound effects on postnatal growth and metabolism.

PMID- 3881728
TI  - Outbreaks of group A streptococcal abscesses following diphtheria-tetanus toxoid
      pertussis vaccination.
AB  - Two outbreaks of group A streptococcal abscesses following receipt of diphtheria
      tetanus toxoid-pertussis (DTP) vaccine from different manufacturers were reported
      to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in 1982. The clustering of the
      immunization times of cases, the isolation of the same serotype of Streptococcus
      from all cases in each outbreak, and the absence of reported abscesses associated
      with receipt of the same lots of vaccine in other regions of the country, suggest
      that each outbreak was probably caused by contamination of a single 15-dose vial
      of vaccine. The preservative thimerosal was present within acceptable limits in
      unopened vials from the same lot of DTP vaccine in each outbreak. Challenge
      studies indicate that a strain of Streptococcus from one of the patients can
      survive up to 15 days in DTP vaccine at 4 degrees C. Contamination of vials
      during manufacturing would have required survival of streptococci for a minimum
      of 8 months. Preservatives in multidose vaccine vials do not prevent short-term
      bacterial contamination. Options to prevent further clusters of streptococcal
      abscesses are discussed. The only feasible and cost-effective preventive measure
      now available is careful attention to sterile technique when administering
      vaccine from multidose vials.

PMID- 3881729
TI  - National Institute of Child Health and Human Development randomized, controlled
      trials of phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

PMID- 3881730
TI  - Randomized, controlled trial of phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
      Development, design, and sample composition.

PMID- 3881731
TI  - Efficacy of phototherapy in prevention and management of neonatal
      hyperbilirubinemia.

PMID- 3881732
TI  - Doctoral programs in nursing 1984-85.

PMID- 3881733
TI  - Computers in nursing care: the state of the art.

PMID- 3881734
TI  - Flexner and Goldmark: why the difference in impact?

PMID- 3881735
TI  - Nursing's divided house--an historical view.
AB  - The method of historical analysis was used in this study to examine the nature
      and scope of the divisions in nursing in America in the last third of the 19th
      century. The article presents the story of nursing's reform origins, describes
      the post-Civil War social context, and discusses changes particularly relevant to
      women. The development of nursing reflected the country's uncertainty and
      turbulence. The divisions that emerged in nursing are demonstrated by the three
      conflicting schemes for organizing nursing in hospitals in the late 1800s: (1)
      The original Nightingale model, adapted by the first (1873) American schools,
      kept nursing separate from hospital and medical domination but supervised by
      Boards of Lady Managers; (2) the Linda Richards model, initiated at Boston City
      Hospital in 1878, subjected nursing to medical control; and (3) the professional
      model, espoused by Isabel Hampton toward the century's close, sought self
      regulation for nursing.

PMID- 3881736
TI  - Picture past.

PMID- 3881737
TI  - Highlights in education for cancer nursing.

PMID- 3881738
TI  - An overview of cancer nursing research.

PMID- 3881739
TI  - Consensus: difficult management problems in children with streptococcal
      pharyngitis.

PMID- 3881740
TI  - Aspergilloma of the renal pelvis in a leukemic child.

PMID- 3881741
TI  - Circulating immune complexes in Kawasaki syndrome.
AB  - Sera of 42 patients with Kawasaki syndrome were evaluated for the presence of
      circulating immune complexes (CICs) by Raji cell radioimmune and C1q solid phase
      assays. Overall 69% of sera tested were positive by one or both assays, 52% by
      Raji cell radioimmune and 48% by C1q solid phase assay. CICs were detected most
      frequently 2 to 4 weeks after the onset of illness, but their presence did not
      correlate with the clinical severity of the illness or incidence of coronary
      artery aneurysms. Antibody to mite antigen was found in only 2 of 30 patients
      tested, and only one of these had CICs. CICs are frequently associated with
      Kawasaki syndrome, but their role in its pathogenesis remains to be determined.

PMID- 3881742
TI  - Comparison of lysis-direct plating and broth methods for pediatric blood
      cultures: clinical relevance and cost effectiveness.
AB  - To determine the clinical significance and therapeutic impact of pediatric blood
      cultures, we analyzed 1650 cultures comparing conventional broth and direct
      plating methods. The rate of positive cultures was 5.8%. Of 96 positive cultures
      68 were deemed clinically significant. The mean time to detection was 23.8 and
      33.7 hours, and the sensitivity was 89 and 83% in the Isolator and broth systems,
      respectively. The overall rate of insignificant isolates was 1.7% and was similar
      for both methods. Clinical interventions based on blood culture results occurred
      in 39 patients, primarily those with pneumococcal and staphylococcal bacteremia.
      Only six of 28 clinically insignificant isolates had negative impact. Use of the
      pediatric Isolator permitted earlier institution of appropriate therapies and
      shorter duration of unneeded or toxic therapies without frequent negative impact.
      Since direct costs were comparable the Isolator system may be a clinically
      valuable and cost effective alternative to conventional methodology.

PMID- 3881743
TI  - Changing pattern of neonatal streptococcal septicemia.
AB  - In recent years viridans streptococcus has emerged as a new and significant cause
      of neonatal septicemia. This article reports our experience over a 6-year period
      with respect to the prevalence and clinical presentation of viridans
      streptococcal vis-a-vis Group B streptococcal septicemia in neonates. Viridans
      streptococcus was the organism most frequently isolated taking into account all
      positive blood cultures for streptococci in newborns. Although some similarities
      were observed between the two groups, viridans streptococcal septicemia was
      associated with a later onset of symptoms and with a lower incidence of
      respiratory distress and leukopenia. Clinical findings suggest that viridans
      streptococcus is a less virulent organism than is Group B streptococcus. The
      viridans streptococcus should be considered a pathogen in the sick neonate.

PMID- 3881744
TI  - Management of the infant with persistent diarrhea.

PMID- 3881745
TI  - Pulmonary nocardiosis in a child with systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3881746
TI  - Theoretical and practical considerations of antibiotic therapy for bacterial
      meningitis.

PMID- 3881747
TI  - Office laboratory diagnosis of skin and soft tissue infections.
AB  - Some skin and soft tissue infections can be treated empirically without
      culturing. Some infectious sites should be cultured before initiating
      antimicrobial therapy. When there is a choice, permissive swab specimens are
      never as good as nonpermissive aspirate specimens. Swab specimens should be
      cultured semiquantitatively on agar media only in an attempt to distinguish
      normal flora contaminants from the infecting pathogen. Needle aspirate specimens
      can be obtained at most infectious sites invoking Sutton's law ("Go where the
      money is.") to identify the point of maximal involvement. Office laboratory
      identification in general should be limited to the identification of yeast forms
      on Gram stain and the initial separation of Group A streptococci from
      staphylococci. Other organisms should be sent to a referral laboratory for
      further identification and susceptibility testing.

PMID- 3881748
TI  - The evaluation of the child with recurrent chest infections.

PMID- 3881749
TI  - Childhood diabetes. Family-oriented approach to management.

PMID- 3881750
TI  - Diabetes in pregnancy. No longer a barrier to successful outcome.
AB  - There are three key goals in current management of the diabetic pregnancy. Normal
      diabetes control before conception and during the first trimester in an attempt
      to reduce the incidence of congenital abnormalities. This implies that all
      diabetic women of childbearing age should have counseling before pregnancy.
      Routine use of new techniques such as home blood glucose monitoring, intensified
      conventional insulin regimens, or an insulin infusion pump for maintenance of
      tight metabolic control both before and during pregnancy. Delay in delivery of
      the baby until the due date, assuming good diabetes control and normal antepartum
      monitoring of the fetus, to reduce the incidence of macrosomatia, decrease the
      rate of cesarean section, and decrease neonatal mortality. The current outlook
      for the pregnant woman with diabetes is an optimistic one. Until recently, most
      women with diabetes were told that they should avoid pregnancy. Sterilization was
      often suggested as a means of contraception. Unfortunately, some women are still
      getting that message from their physician. This is unacceptable, as it is obvious
      that diabetes is no longer a barrier to pregnancy. Most women with diabetes can
      now consider the possibility of pregnancy and know that they have a reasonable
      chance of having a healthy child. Furthermore, new developments in diabetes care
      continue and should lead to an even brighter future for this group of patients.
      New advances in treatment, such as implantable insulin pumps, glucose sensors,
      and islet cell transplants, are just over the horizon. With these developments, a
      woman with diabetes will be freed from the intensive regimen she must now
      practice to achieve a successful pregnancy.

PMID- 3881751
TI  - Immunophotoelectron microscopy: the electron optical analog of immunofluorescence
      microscopy.
AB  - The electron optical analog of immunofluorescence microscopy combines three
      developments: (i) photo-electron microscopy to produce a high-resolution image of
      exposed components of the cell, (ii) site-specific antibodies, and (iii)
      photoemissive markers coupled to the antibodies to make the distribution of sites
      visible. This approach, in theory, provides a way to extend the useful
      immunofluorescence microscopy technique to problems requiring much higher
      resolution. The resolution limit of fluorescence microscopy is limited to about
      200 nm by the wavelength of the light used to form the image, whereas in
      photoelectron microscopy the image is formed by electrons (current resolution: 10
      20 nm; theoretical limit: 5 nm or better depending on the electron optics). As a
      test system, cytoskeletons of CV-1 epithelial cells were prepared under
      conditions that preserve microtubules, and the microtubule networks were
      visualized by both indirect immunofluorescence and immunophotoelectron microscopy
      using colloidal gold coated with antibodies. Colloidal gold serves as a label for
      immunophotoelectron microscopy, providing enhanced photoemission from labeled
      cellular components so that they stand out against the darker background of the
      remaining unlabeled structures. In samples prepared for both immunofluorescence
      and immunophotoelectron microscopy, individual microtubules in the same cells
      were visualized by both techniques. The photoemission of the colloidal gold
      markers is sufficiently high that the microtubules are easily recognized without
      reference to the immunofluorescence micrographs, indicating that this approach
      can be used, in combination with antibodies, to correlate structure and function
      in cell biological studies.

PMID- 3881752
TI  - 13C NMR studies of carbon metabolism in the hyphal fungus Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - Natural-abundance high-resolution 13C NMR spectra (linewidth, 10 Hz) of the
      hyphal fungus Aspergillus nidulans have been obtained after growth on glycolytic
      or gluconeogenic carbon sources. Various polyols, some tricarboxylic acid-cycle
      intermediates and amino acids, and some phospholipids and fatty acyl compounds
      are present. The polyols found are mannitol, arabitol, erythritol, and glycerol.
      The nature of the carbon source has a pronounced effect on the pool sizes of the
      various polyols. All are present when the fungus is grown on sucrose or
      sucrose/acetate under strongly aerobic conditions. When grown on acetate, both
      arabitol and glycerol levels are low, whereas on glycerol erythritol is also
      hardly detectable. The effect of oxygen is most outspoken in glycolytically grown
      cultures. Limited oxygenation leads to low levels of arabitol and glycerol.
      Strong oxygenation changes the ratio of erythritol to mannitol, favoring the C4
      polyol. An increase in oxygen supply leads to (i) stimulation of the fluxes
      through the pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis, (ii) an overflow of reduced
      metabolites both at the pentose phosphate pathway level (erythritol and arabitol)
      and at the C3 level of the glycolytic pathway (glycerol), and (iii) the usual
      accumulation of mannitol. Upon starvation, glycerol, the other three polyols, and
      the tricarboxylic acid-cycle intermediates and their associated amino acids
      disappear in this order. As in yeast, gluconeogenic substrates lead to the
      synthesis of trehalose, which also occurs when mycelium is grown on
      acetate/sucrose under limiting aeration. A transient formation of trehalose has
      been observed upon incubation of starved mycelium, cultured on different
      substrates, with [13C]glucose.

PMID- 3881754
TI  - Molybdate reduction by Escherichia coli K-12 and its chl mutants.
AB  - During anaerobic growth, Escherichia coli can reduce phosphomolybdate. The
      reduction can also be carried out by washed cells suspended in buffer at pH 5.7.
      Phosphate, molybdate, glucose, cells, and anaerobic conditions are required.
      Reduction is inhibited by 200 microM chromate, 290 microM nitrite, 10 mM
      tungstate, or 20 mM cysteine. Wild-type (chl+) cells are inhibited by addition of
      200 microM nitrate, but chlA, chlB, and chlE mutants are not. The inhibition of
      chl+ cells results from reduction of nitrate to nitrite. This nitrate reduction
      is not catalyzed by nitrate reductase. Wild-type cells are more sensitive than
      chl mutants to inhibition by nitrite and cysteine but more resistant to chromate.
      Pregrowth of chlD cells in 1 mM Na2MoO4 increases their sensitivity to nitrite
      and cysteine, and pregrowth of chl+ cells in 1 mM Na2MoO4 increases their
      resistance to these agents. Assays of biotin sulfoxide reductase show that the
      tightness of the chlD block depends on growth conditions; chlD cells grown
      aerobically in tryptone broth make about 50% as much active enzyme as chl+ cells,
      whereas chlD cells grown anaerobically with tryptone plus glucose make less than
      10%. The effect of anaerobic pregrowth on the inhibition of molybdate reduction
      by added nitrate indicates that in vivo nitrate reduction responds to growth
      conditions in the same manner as biotin sulfoxide reductase does.

PMID- 3881753
TI  - RAD6 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a protein containing a tract of 13
      consecutive aspartates.
AB  - The RAD6 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for postreplication repair
      of UV-damaged DNA, for induced mutagenesis, and for sporulation. We have mapped
      the transcripts and determined the nucleotide sequence of the cloned RAD6 gene.
      The RAD6 gene encodes two transcripts of 0.98 and 0.86 kilobases which differ
      only in their 3' termini. The transcribed region contains an open reading frame
      of 516 nucleotides. The rad6-1 and rad6-3 mutant alleles, which we have cloned
      and sequenced, introduce amber and ochre nonsense mutations, respectively, into
      the open reading frame, proving that it encodes the RAD6 protein. The RAD6
      protein predicted by the nucleotide sequence is 172 amino acids long, has a
      molecular weight of 19,704, and contains 23.3% acidic and 11.6% basic residues.
      Its most striking feature is the highly acidic carboxyl terminus: 20 of the 23
      terminal amino acids are acidic, including 13 consecutive aspartates. RAD6
      protein thus resembles high mobility group proteins HMG-1 and HMG-2, which each
      contain a carboxyl-proximal tract of acidic amino acids.

PMID- 3881755
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide-containing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus
      may participate in regulating prolactin secretion.
AB  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) immunoreactivity is present in
      varicosities and fibers in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in
      normal control animals. Adrenalectomy and lactation combined with colchicine
      treatment results in the appearance of a large population of VIP-immunopositive
      cell bodies in the parvocellular part of the PVN. Adrenalectomy, as well as
      lactation, significantly increases the number of VIP-positive fibers in the
      external zone of the median eminence. These observations suggest that the VIP
      immunopositive neurons in the PVN may participate in regulating prolactin and
      corticotropin secretion.

PMID- 3881756
TI  - Thioredoxin is required for filamentous phage assembly.
AB  - Sequence comparisons show that the fip gene product of Escherichia coli, which is
      required for filamentous phage assembly, is thioredoxin. Thioredoxin serves as a
      cofactor for reductive processes in many cell types and is a constituent of phage
      T7 DNA polymerase. The fip-1 mutation makes filamentous phage and T7 growth
      temperature sensitive in cells that carry it. The lesion lies within a highly
      conserved thioredoxin active site. Thioredoxin reductase (NADPH), as well as
      thioredoxin, is required for efficient filamentous phage production. Mutant
      phages defective in phage gene I are particularly sensitive to perturbations in
      the fip-thioredoxin system. A speculative model is presented in which thioredoxin
      reductase, thioredoxin, and the gene I protein interact to drive an engine for
      filamentous phage assembly.

PMID- 3881757
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of a fatty acid binding protein in rat
      liver plasma membranes.
AB  - When [14C]oleate-bovine serum albumin complexes were incubated in vitro with rat
      liver plasma membranes (LPM), specific, saturable binding of oleate to the
      membranes was observed. Maximal heat-sensitive (i.e., specific) binding was 3.2
      nmol/mg of membrane protein. Oleate-agarose affinity chromatography of Triton X
      100-solubilized LPM was used to isolate a single 40-kDa protein with high
      affinity for oleate. On gel filtration, the protein comigrated with various fatty
      acids but not with [14C]bilirubin, [35S]sulfobromophthalein, [14C]taurocholate,
      [14C]phosphatidylcholine, or [14C]cholesteryloleate. A rabbit antibody to this
      membrane fatty acid-binding protein gave a single precipitin line with the
      antigen but no reactivity with concentrated cytosolic proteins, LPM
      bilirubin/sulfobromophthalein-binding protein, or rat albumin or other rat plasma
      proteins. The antibody selectively inhibited heat-sensitive binding of
      [14C]oleate to LPM. Immunofluorescence studies localized the antigen in liver
      cell plasma membranes as well as in other major sites of fatty acid transport.
      These data are compatible with the hypothesis that this protein may act as a
      receptor in a hepatocellular uptake mechanism for fatty acids.

PMID- 3881758
TI  - Specific protein binding to far upstream activating sequences in polymerase II
      promoters.
AB  - A binding activity specific for the upstream activating sequence of the GAL1
      GAL10 promoter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been purified 220-fold on the
      basis of a nitrocellulose filter-binding assay. The binding activity is enriched
      in a nuclear preparation and is likely to be the GAL4 gene product. DNase I
      protection mapping patterns reveal binding to two 30-base-pair regions at the
      boundaries of the sequence. A nearly identical mapping pattern is obtained with
      the coordinately regulated GAL7 promoter. The four 30-base-pair regions of
      binding in the two promoters are closely homologous, with a core consensus
      sequence of C-G-CG-TG-C-A-A-C-A-G-T-G-C-T-C-C-G-A-A- GC-G-A-T. A synthetic
      oligonucleotide with such a sequence competes with the upstream activating
      sequence in the binding reaction.

PMID- 3881759
TI  - Castanospermine inhibits alpha-glucosidase activities and alters glycogen
      distribution in animals.
AB  - Castanospermine, an inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase activity, was injected into
      rats to determine its effects in vivo. Daily injections of alkaloid, at levels of
      0.5 mg/g of body weight, or higher, for 3 days decreased hepatic alpha
      glucosidase to 40% of control values, whereas alpha-glucosidase in brain was
      reduced to 25% of control values and that in spleen and kidney was reduced to
      about 40%. In liver, both the neutral (pH 6.5) and the acidic (pH 4.5) alpha
      glucosidase activities were inhibited, but the former was more susceptible. On
      the other hand, beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity was elevated in the livers
      of treated animals, whereas beta-galactosidase activity was unchanged and alpha
      mannosidase activity was somewhat inhibited. Livers of treated animals were
      examined by light and electron microscopy and compared to control animals to
      determine whether changes in morphology had occurred. In treated animals fed
      normal rat chow, the hepatocytes were smaller in size and simplified in
      structure, whereas the high-glucose diet lessened these alterations. Furthermore,
      in those animals receiving castanospermine at 1.0 mg or higher per g of body
      weight for 3 days, there was a marked decrease in the amount of glycogen in the
      cytoplasm, while a large number of lysosomes were observed that were full of
      dense, granular material. That this dense material was indeed glycogen was shown
      by the fact that it disappeared when blocks of fixed tissue were pretreated with
      alpha-amylase. Glycogen levels in liver, as measured either colorimetrically or
      enzymatically, were somewhat depressed at the higher levels of castanospermine.

PMID- 3881760
TI  - Macrophage activation by monosaccharide precursors of Escherichia coli lipid A.
AB  - Certain Escherichia coli mutants defective in phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis
      accumulate two novel glycolipids, designated X and Y. Lipid X is a
      diacylglucosamine 1-phosphate bearing beta-hydroxymyristoyl groups at positions 2
      and 3, and lipid Y has the same structure as X, except for the additional
      presence of a palmitoyl moiety on the N-linked beta-hydroxymyristate. We have
      examined the activities of X, Y, and several related compounds as activators of
      macrophages. Both X and Y induce morphological changes (spreading), prostaglandin
      E2 synthesis, and killing of tumor cells by mouse peritoneal macrophages in
      vitro, properties with which lipopolysaccharide and lipid A are also endowed.
      Both glycolipids have similar effects on the macrophage-like mouse cell line
      J774.1. Selective removal from lipid X of either the ester-linked beta
      hydroxymyristate at position 3 or the phosphate at position 1 abolishes activity.
      Our results show that the monosaccharides X and Y retain some of the properties
      of intact lipopolysaccharide and lipid A with respect to macrophage activation.
      Because the structures of X and Y are defined, our findings should facilitate the
      elucidation of the molecular mechanism of macrophage activation by lipid A.

PMID- 3881761
TI  - Covalent enzyme-RNA complex: a tRNA modification that prevents a covalent enzyme
      interaction also prevents aminoacylation.
AB  - Previous work indicates that aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases make a transient covalent
      adduct with cognate tRNAs, through Michael addition of an enzyme nucleophile to
      the carbon-6 position of uridine 8. We report the selective reduction of the 5,6
      double bond of 4-thiouridine at position 8 in Escherichia coli tyrosine tRNA, so
      as to prevent formation of the presumed covalent enzyme-nucleic acid adduct. The
      completely reduced tRNA molecules are inactivated for aminoacylation. With
      partial reduction, a mixed pool of active and inactive molecules is created and
      the degree of inactivation exactly matches the extent of 4-thiouridine reduction.
      The active molecules recovered from this mixed pool are specifically unaltered at
      position 8. The results are consistent with the view that the covalent enzyme-RNA
      adduct is an obligatory intermediate for aminoacylation of this tRNA.

PMID- 3881762
TI  - Detection of larger polypeptides structurally and functionally related to type I
      transforming growth factor.
AB  - Peptides corresponding to various regions of type I rat transforming growth
      factor (rTGF) have been chemically synthesized, conjugated to carrier protein,
      and used to immunized rabbits. An antiserum raised against one of these peptides,
      corresponding to the carboxyl-terminal 17 amino acids of rTGF, has been used to
      develop a competitive RIA for the immunizing peptide. In this assay, the
      antiserum reacts only with a restricted region of the immunizing peptide
      corresponding to the 11 carboxyl-terminal amino acids of the rTGF molecule.
      Intact rTGF competes as well as the immunizing peptide on a molar basis,
      indicating that the cognate sequence in rTGF is recognized by this antiserum.
      Mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF) was ineffective as a competitor, even at a
      10,000-fold greater concentration, showing that the RIA was capable of
      distinguishing TGF from functionally related proteins. Several immunoreactive
      species were detected by gel filtration of conditioned medium from cultured
      retrovirus-transformed rat cells; both a low molecular weight species that
      corresponds to rTGF, and a higher molecular weight specie(s) copurify with
      biologic activity in the EGF radioreceptor assay. Immunoblotting analysis of the
      higher molecular weight peak fractions revealed three polypeptides (MrS, 24,000,
      40,000, and 42,000) that reacted specifically with the antiserum. These findings
      suggest the existence of a family of larger polypeptides containing both
      structural and functional determinants of rTGF.

PMID- 3881763
TI  - Regeneration of active enzyme by formation of hybrids from inactive derivatives:
      implications for active sites shared between polypeptide chains of aspartate
      transcarbamoylase.
AB  - Crystallographic studies of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamoylase
      (aspartate carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.2) in conjunction with chemical
      modification experiments have led to the suggestion that the active sites of the
      enzyme are at the interfaces between adjacent polypeptide chains of the catalytic
      trimers and involve joint participation of amino acid residues from the adjoining
      chains. However, the precise locations of the active sites and of the residues
      involved in catalysis are not known. To test the hypothesis that the active sites
      are shared between chains, we constructed hybrid trimers in which two chains were
      modified at one presumed active site residue and the third chain was altered at a
      different active site residue. One parental trimer was a reduced pyridoxal
      phosphate derivative in which lysine-84 was modified and the other was a mutant
      protein in which tyrosine-165 was converted to serine by site-directed
      mutagenesis. Incubating mixtures of these two virtually inactive derivatives
      under conditions promoting interchain exchange led to a large increase in enzyme
      activity corresponding approximately to the formation of one active site per
      trimer. The purified hybrid trimers, containing either two pyridoxylated and one
      mutant chain or vice versa, had 23% and 28%, respectively, the activity of native
      wild-type catalytic trimers, compared to 5% and 3% for the parental trimers. The
      most likely explanation for this large increase in activity is the formation of
      one "native" active site in each of the hybrid trimers. The results constitute
      strong evidence for shared active sites in aspartate transcarbamoylase.

PMID- 3881765
TI  - Rapid and efficient site-specific mutagenesis without phenotypic selection.
AB  - Several single-base substitution mutations have been introduced into the lacZ
      alpha gene in cloning vector M13mp2, at 40-60% efficiency, in a rapid procedure
      requiring only transfection of the unfractionated products of standard in vitro
      mutagenesis reactions. Two simple additional treatments of the DNA, before
      transfection, produce a site-specific mutation frequency approaching 100%. The
      approach is applicable to phenotypically silent mutations in addition to those
      that can be selected. The high efficiency, approximately equal to 10-fold greater
      than that observed using current methods without enrichment procedures, is
      obtained by using a DNA template containing several uracil residues in place of
      thymine. This template has normal coding potential for the in vitro reactions
      typical of site-directed mutagenesis protocols but is not biologically active
      upon transfection into a wild-type (i.e., ung+) Escherichia coli host cell.
      Expression of the desired change, present in the newly synthesized non-uracil
      containing covalently closed circular complementary strand, is thus strongly
      favored. The procedure has been applied to mutations introduced via both
      oligonucleotides and error-prone polymerization. In addition to its utility in
      changing DNA sequences, this approach can potentially be used to examine the
      biological consequences of specific lesions placed at defined positions within a
      gene.

PMID- 3881764
TI  - Mutational studies with the trp repressor of Escherichia coli support the helix
      turn-helix model of repressor recognition of operator DNA.
AB  - Several classes of trp repressor mutants were selected and analyzed in vivo.
      Mutants that produced repressors with either enhanced or reduced activity were
      obtained. One class of mutants produced inactive or slightly active repressors
      that were trans-dominant to the wild-type repressor. The amino acid substitutions
      in many of these repressors were clustered in a segment of the polypeptide that
      is homologous to the DNA recognition domain of the lambda cro repressor. A second
      functionally important region of the trp repressor was identified; this region
      could participate in L-tryptophan binding. Observations with trpR nonsense
      mutants suggest that the first 67 residues of the repressor polypeptide are
      sufficient for subunit association.

PMID- 3881766
TI  - The Ly-15 alloantigenic system: a genetically determined polymorphism of the
      murine lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 molecule.
AB  - Serological and biochemical studies using monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated
      that the Ly-15 cell membrane alloantigens are polymorphic sites on the lymphocyte
      function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) molecule. Ly-15.2 and LFA-1 show identical
      tissue distributions, being present on all thymocytes, lymphocytes, and
      neutrophils, and flow cytofluorometric analysis indicated identical cell surface
      expression of these molecules. Identity of Ly-15.2 and LFA-1 was confirmed by
      immunochemical analysis. The Ly-15.2 and LFA-1 molecules have an identical
      heterodimeric structure of Mr 180,000 alpha chain and Mr 94,000 beta chain, which
      coelectrophorese on two-dimensional NaDodSO4/PAGE. Furthermore, anti-Ly-15.2 and
      anti-LFA-1 antibodies coprecipitate the same molecule from thymocyte lysates, and
      peptide mapping studies show that the Ly-15.2 and LFA-1 alpha chains are
      identical, as are the beta chains.

PMID- 3881767
TI  - Acquired immunological tolerance of foreign cells is impaired by recombinant
      interleukin 2 or vitamin A acetate.
AB  - The susceptibility of newborn mice to the inception of tolerance after exposure
      to antigen is associated with their deficiency in the production of endogenous
      interleukin 2 (IL-2). As further evidence of the complicity of IL-2 in the
      inception and maintenance of tolerance, it is shown here that a solid and long
      lasting state of tolerance induced by the intravenous injection into newborn CBA
      mice of lymphoid cells from (CBA X C57BL/10ScSn)F1 hybrids can be brought to an
      end by the administration of exogenous IL-2 or by supplementing an otherwise
      normal diet with vitamin A acetate, the effect of which is to increase the
      proportion of the moiety of the T-cell population that produces IL-2. These
      results indicate that certain nonspecific stimuli can influence whether
      immunological tolerance is maintained.

PMID- 3881768
TI  - Human major histocompatibility complex class I antigens: residues 61-83 of the
      HLA-B7 heavy chain specify an alloreactive site.
AB  - A chemically synthesized peptide (sequence in text) homologous to residues 61-83
      of the HLA-B7 heavy chain, induced antibodies that specifically recognized the
      HLA heavy chain-beta 2-microglobulin complex and the free heavy chain of the HLA
      B7 antigen. These antibodies specifically immunoprecipitated the HLA-B7 beta 2
      microglobulin complex solubilized from human lymphoblastoid cells by nonionic
      detergents and reacted with free HLA-B7 heavy chains in blots on nitrocellulose.
      These observations suggest that the antigenic conformation of this region of the
      HLA-B7 molecule is independent of the presence of beta 2-microglobulin and that
      amino acid residues 61-83 mimic an alloreactive site expressed by the HLA-B7
      antigen.

PMID- 3881769
TI  - Interspersed blocks of repetitive and charged amino acids in a dominant immunogen
      of Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - We describe an antigen of Plasmodium falciparum that is a dominant immunogen in
      man. The corresponding cDNA clone, Ag231, expressing this antigen in Escherichia
      coli reacted in an in situ colony assay with sera from up to approximately equal
      to 93% of 65 people living in an area in which P. falciparum is endemic. Human
      antibodies affinity purified on immobilized Ag231 lysates identified the
      corresponding parasite antigen as a polypeptide of Mr approximately equal to
      300,000. It was present in schizonts and also in ring-stage trophozoites, where a
      speckled immunofluorescence pattern suggested an association with the
      erythrocyte. Its mRNA was enriched in merozoites relative to other blood stages,
      a distinctive property shared by a recently described antigen located on the
      surface of ring-infected erythrocytes, and it is encoded by a single gene having
      a number of allelic variants. The complete nucleotide sequence of Ag231 revealed
      a structural unit composed of 13 hexapeptide repeats flanked by a highly charged
      region containing both acidic and basic amino acids. This structural unit is
      itself repeated, so that blocks of repeats and charged units are interspersed
      along the molecule. The sequences within the repeats vary much more extensively
      than those in the charged units.

PMID- 3881771
TI  - Impaired blood clearance of bacteria and phagocytic activity in vitamin A
      deficient rats.
AB  - The effect of vitamin A deficiency on the functional integrity of the
      reticuloendothelial system and the phagocytic capacity of circulating
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes was evaluated in retinoate-cycled vitamin A
      deficient rats under conditions such that secondary dietary imbalances were
      eliminated. Kinetics of blood clearance of 2 X 10(7) Escherichia coli injected
      intravenously was depressed within 8 days of the withdrawal of retinoic acid; all
      animals were profoundly affected by Day 12 of deficiency. In vitro, the
      phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was similarly affected; by
      Day 12 of deficiency, phagocytic capacity in all deficient animals was less than
      40% of the appropriate control values (P less than 0.01). Animals rendered
      vitamin A deficient by this procedure also displayed marked susceptibility to
      endogenous bacterial infection, as judged from the proportion of deficient rats
      that spontaneously developed bacteremia during the later stages of deficiency.
      These data together demonstrate unequivocally that reticuloendothelial and
      polymorphonuclear leukocytic functions are impaired in vitamin A deficiency in
      the absence of other dietary imbalances.

PMID- 3881770
TI  - Topological mapping of acetylcholine receptor: evidence for a model with five
      transmembrane segments and a cytoplasmic COOH-terminal peptide.
AB  - Antibodies were raised against two synthetic peptides whose sequences correspond
      respectively to the COOH-terminal end (residues 501-516) of the protein encoded
      by the gene for the delta chain and to a proposed cytoplasmic region (residues
      350-358) of the beta chain of the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo
      californica. Binding of the COOH-terminal antibody to the acetylcholine receptor
      in intact, receptor-rich vesicles was tested by radioimmunoassay and by
      precipitation with immobilized protein A. In both cases, binding was detected
      only after treatment of the vesicles with detergent, suggesting that the segment
      of the receptor that is recognized by this antibody is on the cytoplasmic side of
      the membrane. Electron microscopy of tissue from Torpedo electric organ labeled
      with colloidal gold-conjugated second antibodies established that both anti
      receptor antibodies bind to the cytoplasmic surface of the postsynaptic membrane.
      These experiments give ultrastructural evidence that the COOH-terminal segment of
      the delta chain as well as residues 350-358 of the beta chain are on the
      cytoplasmic surface. They strongly support a model in which each of the receptor
      subunits crosses the membrane five times in which one transmembrane segment of
      each chain contributes to the formation of a central ion channel.

PMID- 3881772
TI  - Ultrastructural and immunofluorescent studies of acute and chronic lactate
      dehydrogenase elevating virus-induced nonparalytic poliomyelitis in mice.
AB  - Light microscopic, electron microscopic, and immunofluorescent studies have been
      performed on young C58/J mice following administration of cyclophosphamide and
      peripheral inoculation of the C strain of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus
      (LDV-C). Using special fixation techniques, all three types of studies were
      performed on the spinal cord tissues obtained from the same mice. LDV-C infection
      specific immunofluorescence was detected in anterior horn neurons.
      Ultrastructurally, anterior horn neurons during the acute inflammatory phase of
      the disease were characterized by various degrees of chromatolysis, an increase
      in the number of lamellar inclusion bodies, and extensive membrane proliferation
      of perinuclear endocytoplasmic reticulum. A chronic vacuolar appearance of the
      anterior horn was due to intraneuronal vacuolation as well as vacuolation of the
      neuropil; these changes may have been due to expansion of proliferated
      intracytoplasmic membranes and/or focal ischemia secondary to the acute
      inflammatory response. Direct evidence was obtained that indicated the
      cytopathology was not immune mediated in that highly poliomyelitis-susceptible 18
      month-old C58/J mice developed severe paralysis without inflammation of the
      spinal cord when treated with cyclophosphamide before infection.

PMID- 3881773
TI  - 3-Hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, and o-aminophenol inhibit leucine
      stimulated insulin release from rat pancreatic islets.
AB  - Individual islets were isolated from rat pancreas to study the effects of
      tryptophan and its metabolites on leucine-stimulated release of insulin. 3
      Hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, and o-aminophenol were inhibitors
      at concentrations below 10 mM whereas tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid,
      xanthurenic acid, and anthranilic acid were ineffective inhibitors at
      concentrations up to 10 mM. A structure-activity analysis of these metabolites
      demonstrated that vicinal aromatic hydroxy and amino groups with their
      concomitant electron donating properties are required for inhibition of insulin
      release. Inhibition of islet insulin release by the three kynurenine metabolites
      may be involved in the depressed insulin levels found in vitamin B6-deficient
      rats by other workers.

PMID- 3881774
TI  - A fast-acting humoral factor mediates pressor hyperresponsiveness in
      deoxycorticosterone-salt rabbits.
AB  - Six rabbits were sham operated and were given water to drink (sham-water group);
      six additional rabbits were sham operated and were given saline to drink (sham
      salt group); another six rabbits received an implant of deoxycorticosterone
      (DOCA) and were given water to drink (DOCA-water group); a final group of six
      rabbits received implants of DOCA and were given saline to drink (DOCA-salt
      group). Two weeks later, all four groups of rabbits had approximately the same
      mean arterial pressures, and the sham-salt, DOCA-water, and DOCA-salt groups all
      had plasma renin activity values less than the sham-water group. The DOCA-salt
      group had greater pressor responses to norepinephrine (NE) at several doses than
      did the other three groups of rabbits. In another group of six sham-water and six
      DOCA-salt rabbits, measurements of cardiac output before and during infusions of
      NE at 800 ng/min/kg body wt revealed no changes in cardiac output before or
      during NE infusion, but the DOCA-salt group had significantly greater increases
      in mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance during NE than did the
      sham-water group. In another group of six DOCA-salt rabbits, the pressor response
      to several doses of NE were determined during infusion of the angiotensin II
      (AII) antagonist, [Sar1, Ile8] AII; this AII antagonist failed to alter the
      enhanced pressor responses to NE. A final experiment examined pressor responses
      to NE in six normal rabbits before and after cross circulation of blood with six
      DOCA-salt rabbits. After blood cross circulation the normal rabbits had
      exaggerated pressor responses to NE at 5, 15, and 30 min, but not at 60 min.
      Similar cross-circulation experiments between six pairs of normal rabbits did not
      show any transfer of pressor hyperresponsiveness. These studies indicated that
      pressor and vascular hyperresponsiveness in DOCA-salt rabbits is conveyed by a
      fast-acting hormonal factor and that AII probably is not involved in mediating
      this hyperresponsiveness.

PMID- 3881776
TI  - Immunobiology of HLA class-I and class-II molecules. Introduction.

PMID- 3881775
TI  - Multiple defects in the renin-angiotensin system in alloxan-diabetic kidney.
AB  - A defect in the renin-angiotensin system has been shown in diabetic patients and
      experimental animals, in particular with nephropathy or autonomic neuropathy. The
      mechanism for this low plasma renin activity (PRA) is poorly understood. In order
      to clarify this defect, the renin-angiotensin system was studied in alloxan
      induced diabetic and age-match control mice. In diabetic animals, kidney renin
      activity (KRA) was significantly lower than that of the controls, while plasma
      renin substrate (PRS) concentration was slightly higher and PRA was normal. The
      amount of injected radiolabeled renin extracted by the kidney was normal, but the
      amount extracted by the liver was significantly decreased in diabetic animals. On
      the other hand, the degradation of the extracted renin by both the kidney and the
      liver was elevated as compared to the controls. This high degradation rate was
      accompanied by a slight increase in lysosomal protease activity in the kidneys.
      In in vivo studies, isoproterenol-induced PRA was 20-fold in control animals. In
      diabetics, isoproterenol-induced PRA was attenuated and rose only four- to
      fivefold over basal level. The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in
      the kidney was significantly decreased in the diabetic state. It is concluded
      that there were multiple defects in the renin-angiotensin system in this diabetic
      model, namely, a depletion of renin storage with subsequent loss of maximal
      responsiveness to the adrenergic agonist in renin release, an elevation of
      intrarenal renin degradation together with a deficiency in ACE which would
      possibly lead to a decrease in intrarenal formation of angiotensin II.

PMID- 3881777
TI  - Specificity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes stimulated with influenza virus. Studies
      in mice and humans.

PMID- 3881779
TI  - The interaction of drugs and endogeneous substances with HLA class-I antigens.

PMID- 3881778
TI  - The association between class-I transplantation antigens and an adenovirus
      membrane protein.

PMID- 3881780
TI  - Compound receptors in the cell membrane: ruminations from the borderland of
      immunology and physiology.

PMID- 3881781
TI  - HLA-B27: speculations on the nature of its involvement in ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 3881782
TI  - Class-I-restricted human cytotoxic T lymphocytes directed against minor
      transplantation antigens and their possible role in organ transplantation.

PMID- 3881783
TI  - HLA class-II restriction of antigen-specific T-cell activation. With special
      reference to the fine specificity and immunoregulation of HLA class-II
      restriction elements.

PMID- 3881784
TI  - Radiation-induced formation of apoptotic bodies in rat thymus.
AB  - The process of interphase death of thymocytes in whole-body X-irradiated rats
      were studied. Cell size distribution analysis indicates that cell fragments (=
      apoptotic bodies) appeared in the thymus and increased in number depending on
      dose (200-1000 R) and time (2-6 hr) after irradiation with corresponding decrease
      in normal-size thymocytes. Occurrence of nuclear fragmentation in association
      with the cellular fragmentation was proved with cytofluorometric determination of
      DNA content in individual cells. Scanning electron microscopic observations also
      revealed extensive fragmentation of cells in the irradiated rat thymus. The
      results show clearly that cells as well as nuclei fragment rapidly into smaller
      pieces of various sizes in the irradiated rat thymus as commonly observed with
      apoptosis.

PMID- 3881785
TI  - Ultrasound: when is it a complementary or preferable technique?

PMID- 3881787
TI  - Software for schools of radiography.

PMID- 3881786
TI  - A case of 'uterine mass' complicating pregnancy.

PMID- 3881788
TI  - DSA in the diagnosis of liver disease.

PMID- 3881789
TI  - Chest radiographs in congestive heart failure: response to therapy in acute and
      chronic heart disease.
AB  - Thirty-four men with left ventricular mechanical dysfunction were admitted to an
      intensive care unit with either an acute myocardial infarction (Group 1, n = 18)
      or worsening of clinical respiratory signs and symptoms in the setting of a
      chronic congestive cardiomyopathy (Group 2, n = 16). On admission, all
      individuals had pulmonary venous hypertension classified as at least Grade 3 by
      standard radiographic criteria. In each subject, mean pulmonary capillary wedge
      pressure (mm Hg), extravascular lung water (EVLW) (ml/kg), and chest radiographs
      were serially evaluated. In the patients in whom pharmacologic therapy
      successfully returned left ventricular filling pressures to near normal levels
      (less than or equal to 15 mm Hg), the chest radiograph returned to its baseline
      level (defined by the discharge radiograph) later in the patients with chronic
      heart failure (5.1 +/- 1.0 days) than in the patients with acute myocardial
      infarctions (2.1 +/- 1.2 days, p less than 0.01). Radiographic changes in
      extravascular water (interstitial and alveolar edema) mirrored changes in EVLW,
      although EVLW was initially greater in Group 2 (16.3 +/- 1.8 ml/kg) than in Group
      1 (10.7 +/- 1.3 ml/kg, p less than 0.01). In the patients in whom filling
      pressures either worsened or changed less than 3 mm Hg, EVLW and chest
      radiographs did not markedly change. It is concluded that changes in radiographic
      pulmonary edema mirror changes in indicator-dilution measurements of EVLW.
      Radiographic phase lag represents a slow decline in EVLW after therapy for heart
      failure, which is prolonged in patients with chronic failure and greater EVLW.

PMID- 3881790
TI  - Ultrasound versus excretory urography in evaluating acute flank pain.
AB  - To determine the role of ultrasound (US) in patients with acute flank pain and
      suspected acute urinary tract obstruction, a prospective study was performed on
      20 patients comparing US with emergency excretory urography. US was not as
      sensitive as excretory urography for diagnosing hydronephrosis, for detecting
      ureteral or renal calcification, or for diagnosing forniceal rupture. Although US
      is an effective screening modality for hydronephrosis in patients with chronic
      renal obstruction, it is not useful for evaluating patients with acute flank pain
      in whom acute obstruction may be present. In this group of patients, excretory
      urography remains the examination of choice.

PMID- 3881791
TI  - Bacterial meningitis in infants: sonographic findings.
AB  - A retrospective study was performed on 78 patients (newborn to 2 years old) with
      clinically proved bacterial meningitis. Sonograms were obtained during the acute
      illness and medical records were reviewed. The spectrum of sonographic features
      of meningitis included normal scans (30 patients), ventriculomegaly (11
      patients), echogenic sulci (31 patients), extra-axial fluid collections (26
      patients), abnormal parenchymal echogenicity (9 patients), evidence of
      ventriculitis (5 patients), and brain abscess (1 patient). In 46 patients,
      correlation between the sonographic findings and neurologic outcome on clinical
      follow-up (6 months to 4 years) was made. Findings of abnormal parenchymal
      echogenicity and/or moderate-to-marked ventriculomegaly were associated with
      significant neurologic sequelae; however, echogenic sulci and small extra-axial
      fluid collections did not appear to have any prognostic significance. Twenty-nine
      of the 78 patients had sonography without clinical indication of complications of
      meningitis, and in no patient was a significant abnormality found. Our study
      suggests that sonography is indicated only when there is clinical suspicion of
      complications.

PMID- 3881792
TI  - Primary and secondary histiocytic lymphoma of the brain: CT features.
AB  - The authors examined 19 patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma of the brain,
      including 8 with primary disease and 11 with secondary disease. Both primary
      disease and secondary disease involving the brainstem and deep nuclei exhibited
      the characteristic CT appearance, consisting of a large, solid, homogeneously
      enhanced mass with varying amounts of edema. However, most secondary lymphomas
      outside the brainstem and basal ganglia contained large areas of low attenuation
      consistent with necrosis. Multifocal lesions were seen only in patients with
      secondary lymphoma. Systemic chemotherapy for extracranial lymphoma had no effect
      on the CT appearance of intracranial lesions. The authors suggest that these
      "unusual" CT patterns are actually typical of a distinct subset of histiocytic
      lymphomas.

PMID- 3881793
TI  - Portal thrombosis: dynamic CT features and course.
AB  - Portal thrombosis was diagnosed on computed tomography (CT) in 10 patients and
      confirmed by sonography. CT demonstrated decreased density of the portal vessels
      in 9 patients with peripheral arterial concentration of contrast material
      surrounding the intraluminal thrombus. In 1 patient, a fresh thrombus was seen as
      an increase in intraluminal density on the pre-contrast scan. The involved
      vessels were generally enlarged. Three patients had follow-up scans, which
      revealed a cavernoma in 2 and complete patency of the portal vein and its
      branches following anticoagulant therapy in 1. In the latter patient, localized
      abnormal intra-hepatic blood flow suggested infarction of portal origin as the
      result of clot migration.

PMID- 3881794
TI  - Portal cavernoma: dynamic CT features and transient differences in hepatic
      attenuation.
AB  - Sixteen portal cavernomas were examined with dynamic computed tomography (CT) and
      confirmed by sonography. Characteristic features included loss of the normal
      vascular structure and the presence of sinuous collateral pathways which were
      enhanced during the portal phase. Fifteen patients exhibited transient
      differences in hepatic attenuation and peripheral arterial concentration of
      contrast material. Increased arterial flow in the poorly perfused territories is
      suggested as a cause of these hemokinetic abnormalities.

PMID- 3881795
TI  - The bile ducts after a fatty meal: further sonographic observations.
AB  - The sonographic appearance of the response of the common hepatic duct to
      physiologic stimulation by a fatty meal was assessed in 131 patients referred
      because of right upper quadrant symptoms or abnormal liver chemical studies. In
      the determination of the presence or absence of biliary obstruction, the
      sensitivity of the examination was 84%, the accuracy of a positive test was 84%,
      and the accuracy of a negative test was 93%. This test proved helpful in several
      circumstances: equivocal duct caliber (6-10 mm); abnormal caliber (6-14 mm) with
      normal laboratory values; normal caliber duct with abnormal laboratory values;
      persistent question of cholelithiasis or asymptomatic pancreatic duct dilatation.
      Measurements of bile duct caliber alone may be insufficient to ascertain the
      presence of bile duct obstruction and fatty meal stimulation significantly
      improves diagnostic accuracy.

PMID- 3881796
TI  - Contracted gallbladder: a finding in hepatic dysfunction.
AB  - A review of ultrasound (US) examinations of 35 patients with acute hepatitis
      revealed 6 patients who had contracted gallbladders despite adequate fasting
      prior to the examination. After the acute phase of their hepatitis had resolved,
      four patients had normal gallbladders on US. One patient who did not recover was
      found at autopsy to have a normal but contracted gallbladder. It is suggested
      that acute hepatic dysfunction may decrease the flow of bile into the
      gallbladder, resulting in a gallbladder that is transiently contracted or is not
      visualized on US.

PMID- 3881797
TI  - Infrahepatic interruption of the inferior vena cava with portal continuation.
AB  - Asymptomatic infrahepatic interruption of the inferior vena cava with portal
      continuation is described. The diagnosis was established by ultrasound and
      confirmed by inferior cavography and computed tomography. Hemodynamic studies
      showed portal hypertension due to increased blood flow through the liver.

PMID- 3881798
TI  - Uterine adnexal torsion: sonographic findings.
AB  - Acute torsion of the uterine adnexal structures (ovary and fallopian tube) is a
      recognized surgical emergency, but rarely has the diagnosis been made
      preoperatively on the basis of imaging studies. This report describes 16 cases in
      which the diagnosis was suggested preoperatively on the basis of sonography and
      subsequently confirmed at surgery. In all of the patients studied, a pelvic or
      pelvoabdominal mass was present on sonography. These masses had a sonographic
      texture ranging from cystic to solid, depending on the presence and extent of
      internal hemorrhage and/or stromal edema. In the majority of patients (13 of 16),
      adnexal torsion was associated with a preexisting cystic adnexal mass. Eight of
      these had thin internal septae. The severity of symptoms was variable and did not
      correlate directly with the sonographic features of the pelvic mass.
      Consideration of this entity in the proper clinical setting and with the typical
      sonographic findings will facilitate prospective recognition of adnexal torsion,
      thereby improving the chances for salvage of the involved adnexal structures.

PMID- 3881799
TI  - Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of Jeune syndrome.
AB  - Asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia (Jeune syndrome) is characterized by a narrow
      thoracic cage, which causes severe respiratory failure with frequent perinatal
      death; brachymelia, predominantly of the rhizomelic type; renal anomalies; and
      characteristic radiographic findings of ribs, pelvis, and long tubular bones.
      Inheritance is autosomal recessive. Prenatal sonographic examination was
      performed at 17 and 19 weeks of a fetus of parents whose first child had died of
      Jeune syndrome. The length of the humeri, femora, and tibiae was short (below the
      mean) for gestational age, and the thorax was abnormally flat and narrow. The
      iliac wings were square-shaped. We concluded that the fetus had Jeune syndrome.
      The characteristic skeletal changes of Jeune syndrome are distinct enough at 17
      weeks of fetal age to permit sonographic diagnosis.

PMID- 3881800
TI  - CSF rhinorrhea: detection and localization using overpressure cisternography with
      Tc-99m-DTPA.
AB  - We performed 32 overpressure radionuclide cisternography (ORNC) studies to
      examine 26 patients who were clinically suspected of having cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) fistula with rhinorrhea. Fifteen (47%) of these cisternography studies were
      positive, and the site of the leak was identified. No leak could be demonstrated
      in the other 17. Of 23 examinations performed in patients who had clinically
      documented CSF rhinorrhea, 15 (65%) were scintigraphically positive. The rapid
      cephalad transit of the radionuclide bolus allowed completion of the study within
      30 to 45 minutes. Seven examinations were also performed with overpressure
      metrizamide CT cisternography (OMCTC), and five demonstrated concordant results
      with the radionuclide study. Patient discomfort and side effects were minimal. We
      conclude that radionuclide infusion cisternography is a safe, rapid, and accurate
      method of investigating a suspected or proven CSF rhinorrhea and that it is
      complementary to metrizamide cisternography.

PMID- 3881801
TI  - Caveats in the sonographic determination of fetal femur length for estimation of
      gestational age.
AB  - Alterations from the standard conditions under which measurements of fetal femurs
      are made may alter the estimate of gestational age by up to four weeks. We
      describe and quantify the errors induced by variations in depth, gain settings,
      and angle of the femur relative to the US beam. We describe a simple phantom that
      may be used to help eliminate these sources of possible error.

PMID- 3881802
TI  - Tubeless hypotonic duodenography with water: a simple aid in sonography of the
      pancreatic head.

PMID- 3881803
TI  - The structure, function and evolution of cytochromes.

PMID- 3881804
TI  - Measles control: so near and yet so far.

PMID- 3881805
TI  - Membrane effects of cytopathogenic viruses.

PMID- 3881806
TI  - Theiler's virus infection: a model for multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3881807
TI  - [10 unpublished letters of Sigmund Freud to Wilhelm Fliess].

PMID- 3881808
TI  - The effects of hormonal factors on cardiac protein turnover.

PMID- 3881809
TI  - The role of lysosomes and microtubules in cardiac protein degradation.
AB  - The mechanisms and regulatory factors involved in cardiac proteolysis are
      incompletely understood. Agents that interfere with lysosomal function (e.g.,
      chloroquine, leupeptin, methyladenine) cause a 25-30% reduction in the overall
      rate of protein degradation. In the same hearts, however, the rate of myosin
      breakdown remains unchanged. Disaggregation of micro-tubules with colchicine is
      accompanied by a 15% reduction in the rate of degradation of total protein and of
      myosin. In the same hearts, the degradation of "organellar" protein, including
      mitochondrial cytochromes, is reduced by over 30%. Thus, it appears that the
      degradation of different classes of cardiac proteins may be accomplished and
      regulated by different processes. Lysosomes are important in overall proteolysis,
      but appear not to be involved in the regulation of myosin breakdown. Microtubules
      are also involved in the proteolytic process, and appear to be especially
      important for the breakdown of proteins from mitochondria and perhaps other
      organelles.

PMID- 3881810
TI  - Single cells and rapid inward sodium current.
AB  - This chapter presents a brief review of measurements of rapid inward sodium
      current in single cardiac cells. It is shown that the simplified morphology of
      the individual cells, with a lack of restricted extracellular space, has been
      exploited to provide improved spatial and temporal voltage control, resulting in
      the first recordings of both the activation and inactivation phases of rapid
      inward sodium current. It is to be expected that future research will produce
      much interesting data on this component of membrane current, which will have
      direct relevance to many processes concerned with cardiac function at the
      cellular level.

PMID- 3881811
TI  - Na-Ca exchange in cardiac tissues.
AB  - Our awareness of the importance of Na-Ca exchange in cardiac muscle has
      progressed from early observations of Na-Ca antagonism in the activation of
      contractile force. This was followed by demonstrations of actual Na-Ca ion
      countertransport across cell membranes and later functional studies in which
      manipulation of intracellular and extracellular Na and Ca concentrations has
      permitted a better characterization of the exchange process and its contribution
      to contractile force. The recent development of vesicle preparations from cardiac
      sarcolemmal membranes has, despite some drawbacks, produced useful information on
      the electrogenicity of the exchange mechanisms and on the relative affinity of
      the exchange carrier compared to the ATPase-driven Ca pump. These studies
      confirmed earlier estimates of the approximate exchange ratio of the Na-Ca
      countertransport system and have demonstrated its large maximum transport rate
      capabilities. The application of ion-sensitive microelectrodes in recent years
      has enabled measurements of the actual ion-activity gradients across the
      sarcolemmal membrane. These activity gradients together with the membrane
      potential control the rate and direction of the Na-Ca exchange. Despite the wide
      range of techniques employed to tackle the problem, the exchange ratio of Na to
      Ca movement is still in some doubt, with most estimates ranging between 5:2 and
      4:1.

PMID- 3881812
TI  - Phospholipid alterations and membrane injury during myocardial ischemia.
AB  - Several independent studies have demonstrated that there is a degradation of
      membrane phospholipids during myocardial ischemia. At present, most of the data
      support the initial activation of a phospholipase A pathway of phospholipid
      degradation. The extent of total phospholipid degradation is in the nanomole per
      gram wet weight quantity, as opposed to ischemic liver, in which the extent of
      phospholipid depletion approaches the micromole per gram wet weight level.
      However, in vitro studies suggest that calcium permeability properties and other
      myocardial cell membrane functions are sensitive to nanomole levels of
      phospholipid degradation. Clearly, further work is necessary in intact cell and
      heart preparations to correlate the degradation of phospholipid with the
      development of irreversible membrane injury during ATP depletion and hypoxia.

PMID- 3881813
TI  - [A case from practice (29). Patient V. B., born 28 February 1964, a shoemaker.
      Echinococcosis].

PMID- 3881814
TI  - [Erythrocyte kinetics and erythrocyte morphology].

PMID- 3881815
TI  - [Pancytopenia].

PMID- 3881816
TI  - [Leukopenia].

PMID- 3881817
TI  - [Alcohol and blood].

PMID- 3881818
TI  - A possible pathogenetic role of cationic proteins (CP) released by stored
      granulocytes in the development of pulmonary infiltrates after granulocyte
      transfusions.
AB  - The cationic protein (CP) content of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) prepared
      for transfusion is depleted after storage. The supernatants from these PMN have
      in vitro a PMN aggregating activity which is abolished by the preabsorption with
      a specific rabbit anti-human PMN CP serum. Furthermore, when the supernatants
      stored for few hours were injected into New Zealand White rabbits, a marked
      sequestration of PMN took place in the lung microvascular bed. It is suggested
      that PMN storage per se can cause the release of intracellular mediators of
      possible pathogenetic importance in the development of the pulmonary infiltrates
      observed after PMN transfusions.

PMID- 3881819
TI  - Extramedullary haemopoiesis after bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - 44 patients underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for treatment of severe
      aplastic anaemia or haematological malignancies. During their post-transplant
      phase all patients had erythroblasts and granulocytic precursors in their
      peripheral blood. 15 patients died between day +6 and +346 after BMT and
      autopsies were performed. The sections of all 15 patients revealed extramedullary
      haemopoiesis in the spleen. Extramedullary haemopoiesis in the liver was found
      only in those patients who died early (between d +6 and d +21 after BMT).
      Medullary haemopoiesis, normally only occurring in the vertebral body, was also
      observed in the shaft of the femur. The present data show that after BMT all
      tissues with a haemopoietic matrix in ontogenesis can be repopulated with
      haemopoiesis in the early phase of reconstitution, possibly to compensate for the
      haemopoietic insufficiency after conditioning therapy. The expansion of
      haemopoiesis in the later period of up to 1 year after BMT, remains to be
      explained.

PMID- 3881820
TI  - Interleukin-1 production by a cloned line of human monocyte-like cells (CM-SM).
      Correlation with state of differentiation.
AB  - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) production by the human monocyte-like cloned cell line CM-SM
      has been investigated as a function of the state of cell differentiation. CM-SM
      cells were induced to differentiate along the monocyte-macrophage lineage by
      bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate
      (TPA). Cell differentiation was studied by various morphological, functional,
      cytochemical, and immunological variables, whereas IL-1 activity in the
      supernatants was measured by the lectin-primed thymocyte proliferation assay.
      Unstimulated CM-SM cells constitutively produced small amounts of IL-1, and most
      of the cells appeared relatively undifferentiated. LPS induced cell
      differentiation, but the effect was reversible, and the cells, in general, did
      not acquire a capacity for phagocytosis. IL-1 levels were increased about 10-fold
      over the controls. TPA induced further cell differentiation to macrophage-like
      cells capable of phagocytosis. IL-1 activity could not be measured directly in
      the supernatants owing to the synergistic effect of TPA in the assay system.
      Unequivocal removal of the phorbol was not achieved, but the data indicated that
      the 'real' levels of IL-1 in the TPA-induced cultures were not significantly
      higher than those from LPS-induced cultures.

PMID- 3881821
TI  - [HLA-antigens and islet cell antibodies in type-1 diabetics of various age groups
      and their first-degree relatives].
AB  - 140 type 1 diabetics from Basle and vicinity were HLA-typed. 89% had HLA
      haplotypes DR3, DR4, or DR3/DR4. The frequency of these antigens was
      significantly increased compared to normal controls. The HLA antigens DR2 and DR5
      were significantly diminished in diabetics. The increase in diabetes-associated
      HLA antigens differed within the diabetics according to the age of diabetes
      manifestation. Diabetes onset before age 40 was associated with increased
      frequency of HLA DR4 and HLA DR3/DR4. In contrast, patients with diabetes onset
      after age 40 exhibited an increased prevalence of HLA DR3. The combination HLA
      B7/DR4 was only observed when diabetes onset was below age 20. Islet cell
      antibodies (ICA) were determined in 124 of the 140 type 1 diabetics. ICA were
      found in 40% of patients who had had diabetes for less than 2 years, but in only
      21% when diabetes had lasted more than 10 years. There was no association between
      certain HLA haplotypes and presence of ICA. HLA antigens and the presence of ICA
      were also investigated in 117 first-degree relatives of the type 1 diabetics.
      Compared to the latter, the relatives had a significantly diminished prevalence
      of the HLA DR3/DR4 combination. Compared to healthy controls, these relatives had
      a significantly increased frequency of positive ICA (in 12% compared to 2% in
      nondiabetic controls). These findings demonstrate that the genetic (HLA-antigens)
      and immunological (ICA) background of type 1 diabetes is heterogenous. A clinical
      feature of the genetically determined subtypes is the age of diabetes onset.

PMID- 3881822
TI  - Melatonin: a coordinating signal for mammalian reproduction?
AB  - There is a daily rhythm in the production of the pineal hormone melatonin in all
      mammalian species. Production is stimulated by darkness and inhibited by light.
      This provides a signal reflecting the changing environmental lighting cycle. In
      seasonally breeding mammals that use changes in the photoperiod to time their
      reproductive cycles, temporal signals to the reproductive system are controlled
      by the daily rhythm in melatonin production.

PMID- 3881823
TI  - Surface markers in chronic lymphoid leukemias of B cell type.

PMID- 3881824
TI  - Immunopathology of the human thymus.

PMID- 3881825
TI  - Evaluation of the febrile neonate.

PMID- 3881826
TI  - Host defenses in the neonate: prospects for enhancement.

PMID- 3881827
TI  - Neonatal sepsis.

PMID- 3881828
TI  - Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum infections
      of infants.

PMID- 3881829
TI  - Treatment of bacterial infections.

PMID- 3881830
TI  - Practical use of surveillance for prevention of nosocomial infection.

PMID- 3881831
TI  - Dense bone--too much bone: radiological considerations and differential
      diagnosis. Part I.

PMID- 3881833
TI  - The life and times of emeritus professor Raymond A. Dart.

PMID- 3881832
TI  - Case report 298. Osteomyelitis of the left clavicle due to Serratia marcescens.

PMID- 3881834
TI  - Operative ultrasonography in the biliary tract during pregnancy.
AB  - Operative roentgenographic cholangiography entails problems during pregnancy
      because of the hazard of radiation to the fetus and mother. In 450 biliary tract
      operations in which real-time B-mode operative ultrasonography was performed,
      five were for diseases of the biliary tract during pregnancy. Operative
      ultrasound correctly revealed non-palpable stones in the gallbladder in one
      patient and in the common bile duct in three patients. Furthermore, operative
      ultrasound provided anatomic information, such as dilation or stenosis of the
      common bile duct. Of seven possible occasions in which roentgenography would
      customarily be expected to be performed, operative cholangiography was used only
      once. Thus, ultrasound significantly reduced the number of operative
      roentgenographic studies. Operative ultrasonography was not associated with any
      complications and significant time delays. It is concluded that operative
      ultrasonography can replace operative roentgenographic cholangiography as a
      screening procedure for gallbladder and common duct calculi at biliary tract
      operations during pregnancy.

PMID- 3881835
TI  - Hippocrates, the true father of hand surgery.
AB  - The methods used by Hippocrates for treating fractures and dislocations formed
      the basis for further development in operations performed upon the hand. He
      described the common distal radial fracture, and the method to reduce and
      immobilize it. Of carpal dislocations, he mentioned two patterns which are
      similar to the common "anterior dislocation of the lunate" and the "perilunar
      dislocation." He treated pressure sores and wound infection with frequent
      dressings, application of heat and mechanical debridement; limb necrosis was
      treated with delayed amputation, and tetanus, with immediate exploration and
      drainage of the wound. His general principles of fracture management include the
      value of early reduction, strict fluid diet after reductions of large joints,
      keeping sites of fracture warm and changing splints as the swelling resolves. It
      is obvious that many of the principles for the treatment of fractures and
      dislocations of the wrist and hand are still valid today. The genius of
      Hippocrates surpassed all those whom we know at a corresponding stage of
      civilization and for many years to come. The discovery of roentgenograms an
      antiseptics only furthered his established sound principles. On the basis of
      these principles, perhaps Hippocrates should be considered the true father of
      operations performed upon the hand.

PMID- 3881836
TI  - Hepatobiliary disorders in inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - Every physician managing patients with inflammatory bowel disease should be alert
      to the possibility of the development of hepatobiliary disorders, especially in
      patients with extensive colonic involvement. There is the question concerning
      type of follow-up study to be instituted in patients with IBD. Elevation of the
      level of serum alkaline phosphatase appears to be the most useful and consistent
      biochemical indicator of hepatic dysfunction (101). This should be estimated at
      six monthly intervals. A persistent elevation of the level of serum alkaline
      phosphatase or more overt clinical manifestations, such as pain in the right
      upper quadrant, hepatomegaly, obstructive jaundice or weight loss, would all
      indicate the need for further investigations. This would normally take the form
      of roentgenologic investigation of the biliary tree and biopsy of the liver. Once
      a patient with IBD has been diagnosed as having one or more hepatobiliary
      disorders, what is the appropriate management? Each instance should be treated
      individually according to the nature of the disorder. In general, most of these
      conditions are histologic abnormalities and are of little clinical importance.
      There is the question of whether or not there is a role for prophylactic
      colectomy. There has been conflicting evidence to both support and refute the
      rationale that colectomy will prevent the development of, or arrest, existing
      disease of the liver. In the view of the authors, based upon a large experience
      with the management of these patients, the indication for colectomy should be
      based upon the severity and extent of colonic disease and almost never upon the
      existence of associated hepatobiliary disorders.

PMID- 3881837
TI  - Clinical and experimental studies with cyclosporine in renal transplantation.

PMID- 3881838
TI  - Randomized, prospective trial of cimetidine and ranitidine for control of
      intragastric pH in the critically ill.
AB  - Forty-eight critically ill patients in an intensive care unit were enrolled in a
      prospective study of stress ulcer prophylaxis. The H2-receptor antagonists
      cimetidine and ranitidine were used, patients being randomized on hospital
      number. Response was assessed by measuring gastric pH every 2 hours. The drugs
      were administered by intravenous infusion, and up to three dosage increments fo
      each of the drugs were titrated against the pH of the aspirated gastric juice. If
      one drug, in maximum dose, failed to maintain the pH above 4, the other drug was
      administered at maximum dose. If both drugs failed to achieve control of gastric
      pH, antacids were administered in an endeavor to ensure patient safety.
      Cimetidine was successful in maintaining the intragastric pH above 4, for the
      duration of the intensive care admission, in five of 28 patients. Ranitidine was
      successful in 10 of 20 patients. The difference between these two groups was
      statistically significant (p = 0.04). In patients in whom cimetidine therapy
      failed, ranitidine provided adequate control of pH in four of 13. Cimetidine
      controlled one of six patients who had failed to improve with ranitidine therapy.
      Plasma concentrations of both drugs were well above established acid inhibitory
      concentrations. However, even with much lower plasma concentrations of
      ranitidine, similar amounts of both drugs were present in the gastric juice,
      suggesting a possible explanation for the greater efficacy of ranitidine. We
      conclude that, although ranitidine is more effective than cimetidine, neither of
      these drugs is adequate for stress ulcer prophylaxis. If they ae used for this
      purpose in the critically ill patient, regular monitoring of gastric pH is
      essential to allow detection of therapeutic failures.

PMID- 3881839
TI  - [Advantages and disadvantages of different concepts of malaria prevention].

PMID- 3881840
TI  - The pleural interface.

PMID- 3881841
TI  - Severe obstructive sleep apnoea treated with long term nasal continuous positive
      airway pressure.
AB  - Seven patients with the severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome were treated
      with nasal continuous positive airway pressure for from three to 22 months. This
      treatment reversed all symptoms due to the syndrome in every patient and
      continued to be used in five patients. One patient stopped treatment after eight
      months and subsequently remained incapacitated and another underwent tracheostomy
      at the time of transphenoidal hypophysectomy. Nasal continuous positive airway
      pressure is a safe, non-invasive treatment, which may be used in the presence of
      cardiac and respiratory failure. It is able fully to reverse upper airway
      obstruction and can be used at home on a long term basis.

PMID- 3881842
TI  - Bronchial reactivity in patients with recent pulmonary sarcoidosis.
AB  - Non-specific bronchial reactivity was assessed in 17 consecutive non-smoking and
      non-steroid treated patients with recently diagnosed pulmonary sarcoidosis, 11
      with stage I disease and six with stage II disease. Bronchial reactivity was
      measured by recording the FEV1 after increasing doses of methacholine. Three
      subjects with asthma were hyperreactive. The 14 subjects with no asthma had a
      mean FEV1 of 96% predicted. Only one was hyperreactive, with a fall in FEV1 of
      over 15% after 0.1% methacholine. The median provocative concentration causing a
      15% fall in FEV1 did not differ from that in a normal population studied
      previously. It is concluded that sarcoidosis seldom induces airway
      hyperreactivity within one year of diagnosis in patients with normal spirometric
      values.

PMID- 3881843
TI  - [Ultrasonic percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder puncture. An alternative method
      to cholangiography].

PMID- 3881844
TI  - [Introduction of smallpox vaccination in Christiania].

PMID- 3881845
TI  - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS and "pre-AIDS". 3 cases, one with fatal
      outcome].

PMID- 3881846
TI  - [Radiation oncologic considerations on the treatment of cerebral metastases and
      personal experiences with 140 cases].
AB  - Cerebral metastases appear frequently and necessitate therapeutic measures. The
      authors report the incidence and particularities as well as the different modes
      of formation of metastases in the central nervous system. Surgical procedure
      should be carried out in case of favorable solitary metastases, young patients,
      and unknown primary tumors. Radiotherapy, which has proved for 30 years to be a
      valuable treatment method, has to be applied in a modified form in every case.
      Furthermore, the possibilities of chemotherapy should be studied and applied in a
      more intensive manner than hitherto. The chance of a one-year survival time is 22
      to 44% for those patients presenting with an easily operable tumor. For the total
      group of radiotherapy patients suffering from various tumor types and generalized
      metastases, this rate is between 12% and 16%. Despite the short survival times,
      one should not forget that radiotherapy can produce many successful long-term
      results in case of cerebral metastases. Therapeutic nihilism is not the right
      attitude towards this problem.

PMID- 3881847
TI  - Transfusion problems in renal allograft recipients. Anti-lymphocyte globulin
      showing Lutheran system specificity.
AB  - Heterologous anti-lymphocyte globulin (ALG) is known to contain panagglutination
      activity and may cause a positive direct antiglobulin test in a renal allograft
      recipient. Three patients are reported in whom the passively acquired antibody
      showed apparent specificity in the Lutheran blood group system. The sera of these
      patients and eluates from their red cells displayed reactivity consistent with a
      Lutheran-related antibody. While the neat ALG acted as a panagglutinin, the
      Lutheran system specificity appeared only following dilution of the ALG. This
      specificity did not appear to represent a separate, distinguishable antibody in
      the ALG product. Before considering the utilization of units of the rare Lu(a-b-)
      phenotype for transfusing a renal allograft patient who has a Lutheran-related
      antibody, investigation of ALG as a source of that antibody should be conducted.

PMID- 3881848
TI  - Long-term survival of auxiliary partial liver grafts in DLA-identical littermate
      beagles.
AB  - Auxiliary heterotopic transplantation of 60% of the liver in the beagle, using a
      technique in which all requirements for optimal graft survival are met, is
      described. The autologous liver is left in situ. Transplants were performed in
      non-tissue-typed and matched donor-recipient combinations. Postoperatively the
      recipients were treated with a standard schedule of 2 mg azathioprine and 1 mg
      prednisolone i.v. daily for 75 days--thereafter, the immunosuppressive drugs were
      gradually withdrawn. HIDA-hepatobiliary scanning proved to be useful for the
      assessment of graft function. In eight non-tissue-typed donor-recipient
      combinations, median graft survival was 7 days, most transplants being subject to
      acute rejection. However, in nine experiments in which donor and recipient were
      DLA-identical littermates, the median graft survival was 112 days (P less than
      0.005). In these animals signs of chronic rejection developed after tapering the
      immunosuppressive drugs. It is concluded that, in this model, graft survival is
      improved by histocompatibility matching. The feasibility of partial heterotopic
      liver transplantation indicates that this method must be reconsidered for
      clinical application, especially for patients with acute liver failure. For the
      recipient, it is a relatively minor operation that--by its temporary life
      sustaining function--may allow for the regeneration or restoration of function of
      the recipient's own liver.

PMID- 3881849
TI  - Combination perfusion-cold storage for optimum cadaver kidney function and
      utilization.
AB  - Dog kidneys were perfused with a newly developed perfusate containing adenosine
      and PO4 for 48 hr, stored in the same perfusate for an additional 24 hr without
      perfusion (total preservation time:72 hr), and transplanted with immediate
      contralateral nephrectomy. Posttransplant renal function and biochemical analysis
      of the kidneys revealed practically no additional preservation-induced damage
      during the cold storage period. Serum creatinine levels reached normal between
      the third and eighth day posttransplant. This preservation method may be the
      method of choice for patients receiving postoperative cyclosporine therapy--and,
      in addition, facilitate organ sharing between transplant centers, thus reducing
      wastage of cadaveric kidneys.

PMID- 3881850
TI  - Flush solution 2, a new concept for one-to-three-day hypothermic renal storage
      preservation. Functional recovery after preservation in Euro-Collins, Collins'
      C2, hypertonic citrate, and F.2 solution.
AB  - Experiments were performed on the quality of renal functional recovery after 24,
      48, or 72-hr hypothermic storage preservation of canine kidneys in Euro-Collins
      solution (EC), Collins' solution C2, hypertonic citrate solutions (HC, HC-D2O),
      or our new flush solution 2 (F.2). Clearance tests (inulin, paraaminohippuric
      acid, and creatinine) and resorption rates for sodium, potassium, and glucose
      indicated a high superiority in the early functional recovery of F.2-preserved
      kidneys after all preservation periods tested. The excellent function after
      preservation in F.2 contrasted especially with the poor or even absent function
      after 72-hr preservation in HC and HC-D2O or EC. Thus F.2--a hyperosmolar
      solution containing sucrose with a balanced Na-K relation on the basis of "heavy
      water" (D2O)--is especially suitable for preservation up to 72 hr if cyclosporine
      is used for immunosuppression in the recipient. The recipient can be supplied
      with an organ with immediate good functional recovery because cyclosporine
      banishes the higher risk for rejection of these well-functioning organs;
      simultaneously, the possibility for continuous functional supervision allows
      avoidance of nephrotoxic side effects from the immunosuppressant.

PMID- 3881851
TI  - Cyclosporine plasma levels in renal transplant patients. Association with renal
      toxicity and allograft rejection.
AB  - In 69 renal allograft recipients the highest-tolerated dose was given with
      respect to clinical events but without respect to the CsA plasma level (CsA-PL).
      The CsA dose was gradually decreased during the first 6-12 months after
      transplantation, and in some patients even later. The CsA dose after 12 months
      was 5-8 mg/kg/day and after 18 months 4-6 mg/kg/day, resulting in CsA-PL of 85
      140 ng/ml and less than 50-110 ng/ml, respectively. CsA side-effects were usually
      seen in patients with high CsA-PL, but they were also encountered at levels
      normally seen in patients without toxicity. In the individual patient, acute CsA
      nephrotoxicity was associated with a significant rise in CsA-PL. In patients with
      acute nephrotoxicity a reduction of the CsA dose (mean 24%) was necessary to
      regain satisfactory renal function. All patients with several consecutive CsA-PL
      above 1000 ng/ml had hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity, or both, associated with
      severe morbidity and mortality. No difference was found between CsA-PL during
      acute rejection and during good renal function. The percentage of CsA
      determinations resulting in plasma levels below 50 ng/ml (the limit of detection)
      increased with the time of therapy and constituted 22% of all CsA-PL after 6
      months of therapy. No rejections were seen later than 5 months after
      transplantation despite the low CsA-PL in many long-term treated patients.
      Treatment with high doses of methylprednisolone increased CsA-PL by 223%.
      Trimethoprimsulphamethoxazole in CsA-treated patients caused increases in serum
      creatinine levels. Monitoring of trough CsA plasma levels is recommended as a
      complement to clinical judgment. To avoid most nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity
      we have decided to keep the CsA-PL below 500 ng/ml during the first month, below
      250 ng/ml the second month after transplantation, and below 200 ng/ml the third
      month after transplantation--and in long-term treated patients we now keep the
      CsA-PL between less than 50 and 150 ng/ml.

PMID- 3881852
TI  - Removal of marrow T cells with OKT3-OKT11 monoclonal antibodies and complement to
      prevent acute graft-versus-host disease. A pilot study in ten patients.
AB  - We studied the feasibility of T cell depletion of bone marrow for transplantation
      in preventing acute graft-versus-host disease GVHD in patients having a high risk
      of acute GVHD. We report our preliminary clinical experience of the ex-vivo
      treatment of allogeneic marrow using a pan-T monoclonal antibody combination
      (OKT3-OKT11) plus baby rabbit complement. Ten patients received allografts from
      HLA-identical sibling donors. All patients had malignant hematological disease
      with poor prognosis (6 acute leukemia, 3 chronic granulocytic leukemia, and 1
      multiple myeloma). Nine patients were at high risk of acute GVHD (older than 30
      years for 4 patients, chronic granulocytic leukemia in acute or accelerated phase
      for 3, and acute leukemia in relapse for 2). Posttransplant management with
      methotrexate was maintained until day 100 in the first four patients and stopped
      at day 11 for the six others. The ex-vivo treatment with the OKT combination and
      complement removed 88.3% +/- 11.8 of the T lymphocytes. The myeloid progenitors
      recovered at the end of the procedure showed a moderate effect of monoclonal
      antibodies and complement (75.8% +/- 12.2). Engraftment was achieved in all
      patients: 23.3 days +/- 5.10 to reach 0.5 X 10(9) granulocytes per liter and 31.5
      days +/- 12.2 to reach 50 X 10(9) platelets per liter. No acute GVHD was observed
      in this group of patients. Of the 10 patients, 7 are alive and well and have been
      in continuous remission from 2-10 months. Three patients have relapsed.

PMID- 3881853
TI  - The role of azathioprine reduction in late renal allograft failure.
AB  - A group of 123 patients who had functioning renal transplants for more than 5
      years were studied to discover whether prolonged reduction of azathioprine could
      predispose to late allograft failure. From the point of entry into the study (5
      years after transplantation), the 5-year cumulative graft survival among living
      related-donor recipients was 91.7%, and among non-living-related-donor recipients
      it was 84.8%. The azathioprine dose was reduced in 21 patients, for medical
      reasons, below 100 mg/day for more than one year when serum creatinine was stable
      and less than 2 mg/dl. Eight patients subsequently required dialysis. In the
      control group of 35 patients (transplanted in the same years, with serum
      creatinine that was similar at the same time posttransplantation to that of those
      who had azathioprine reduced) only 1 patient required dialysis. The likelihood of
      dialysis was significantly greater in those who had azathioprine reduced compared
      with those who did not (chi 2 = 12.0, P less than 0.001). No patient who had
      azathioprine reduced because of low white cell counts or chronic hepatitis
      subsequently required dialysis. It was concluded that a prolonged reduction of
      the azathioprine dose may predispose to late allograft failure.

PMID- 3881854
TI  - Lack of influence of donor-recipient differences in subtypic HLA-A,B antigens
      (splits) on the outcome of cadaver renal transplantation.
AB  - Data collected prospectively on 3811 cadaver renal transplants performed between
      June 1977 and July 1982 by the 42 member institutions of the South-Eastern Organ
      Procurement Foundation (SEOPF) were analyzed to determine whether donor-recipient
      differences in sub-typic HLA-A,B specialties (splits) influenced outcome. The
      number of HLA-A,B antigens matched and mismatched between each donor and
      recipient was calculated in three ways: (1) considering all antigens and splits
      as distinct (not matched); (2) considering all splits as only matched with their
      corresponding typic antigen (but not with each other); and (3) considering all
      splits as matched with both their corresponding typic antigen as well as each
      other. Overall graft survival, graft loss from irreversible rejection, and
      patient survival stratified by the level of HLA match were the same using all
      three methods. In addition, using multivariate Cox regression analysis, the
      strong association between good HLA matching and increased graft survival was the
      same using all three methods of matching. Patients with a given number of
      mismatched antigens had no significant decrease in survival when additional
      splits were considered mismatched with each other or their corresponding typic
      antigen. These results suggest that matching of typic HLA-A,B antigens plays a
      highly significant role in reducing graft rejection but that donor-recipient
      differences in splits have a negligible effect on graft outcome.

PMID- 3881855
TI  - Evidence that rat renal allografts are rejected by cytotoxic T cells and not by
      nonspecific effectors.
AB  - Infiltrating cells were harvested on day 5 from rat renal allografts (LEW X BN
      into LEW) that were either rejecting (untreated) or healthy (cyclosporine [CsA]
      treated or passively enhanced with LEW anti-BN serum). Similar numbers of cells
      were harvested from rejecting (mean 11 X 10(7), range 8-15 X 10(7], CsA-treated
      (6 X 10(7), 5-7 X 10(7], and enhanced (9 X 10(7), 7-10 X 10(7] grafts. These
      cells were a heterogeneous population of mononuclear cells. Fluorescence
      activated cells sorter analysis after labeling with a range of monoclonal
      antibodies showed that they all labeled with MRC OX-1 (against the leukocyte
      common antigen), and that about one-third of infiltrating cells bound MRC OX-19
      (pan-T cells) and one-third bound MRC OX-12 (B cells), with little difference
      between the rejecting, CsA-treated or enhanced grafts. However, the ratio of the
      numbers of W3/25-positive cells (helper T cells and macrophages) to MRC OX8
      positive cells (cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells) was less in untreated
      (mean 0.6, range 0.5-0.6) than in CsA-treated (1.3, 0.8-1.6) or enhanced (2.1,
      1.8-2.4) grafts. Using a 6-hr chromium-release assay, cells from untreated, CsA
      treated, and enhanced grafts showed similar levels of nonspecific cytotoxicity
      (against Y3 myeloma cells), but only untreated grafts showed alloantigen-specific
      target cell lysis (against BN concanavalin A blasts). These results suggest that
      specific cytotoxic T cells rather than nonspecific responses play an essential
      role in allograft rejection in the rat.

PMID- 3881856
TI  - Humoral immunity to heterotopic corneal allografts in the rat.
AB  - Despite indications that humoral immune responses may be involved in corneal
      allograft rejection, few definitive reports of such responses exist, and the
      antigens responsible for evoking and targeting these responses remain unknown. We
      report the development of donor-specific humoral immunity in PVG (RT1c) rats
      given fully allogeneic ACI (RT1a) corneal grafts heterotopically. PVG anti-ACI
      cornea serum lysed ACI, but not PVG, target cells in complement-dependent
      cytotoxic assays. Target cells from PVG.1A or PVG.R1 congenic rats, which
      respectively share the entire rat major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region
      (i.e., RT1) or only class I MHC antigens (RT1.A region) with ACI (on PVG
      backgrounds) were also lysed by this serum. Lysis of PVG.1A targets was
      significantly more extensive than lysis of PVG.R1 cells, indicating that both
      RT1.A and non-RT1.A antigens act as targets for cell lysis. Levels of PVG.1A and
      ACI target lysis were equivalent, suggesting that minor transplantation antigens
      were not significantly involved in this humoral response.

PMID- 3881857
TI  - Cellular immunity to heterotopic corneal allografts in the rat.
AB  - Although the immune nature of corneal allograft rejection has been recognized for
      over thirty years, the specific mechanisms involved in such reactions remain
      obscure. We investigated the cellular immune responses of PVG (RT1c) rats that
      were grafted with fully allogeneic ACI (RT1a) skin, ACI cornea, or PVG cornea to
      the chest wall or given sham grafts. Cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity (CML) was
      tested at 10 days posttransplant by placing recipient spleen cells in culture
      with irradiated ACI stimulator cells, and six days later measuring specific lysis
      of 51Cr-labeled target lymphoblasts at several effector-to-target ratios.
      Effector cells from animals receiving allogeneic skin or cornea grafts lysed
      targets from the donor (ACI) strain at levels significantly (P less than 0.01)
      above those obtained using effectors from control (sham grafted or syngeneic
      corneal graft recipient) animals. Significant lysis was also seen using target
      cells from PVG.1A (RT1a) or PVG.R1 (RT1r1) congenic rats, which differ from
      recipients only at the RT1 complex and the RT1.A (class I antigen) region,
      respectively. Stimulator cells from PVG.1A and PVG.R1 animals also permitted
      detection of specific responses in secondary CML, but syngeneic PVG stimulators
      did not, indicating that in vitro restimulation of effector cells can be met by
      using stimulator cells bearing only allogeneic class I major histocompatibility
      complex (MHC) antigens. These results indicate that corneal allografts evoke
      specific cellular immune responses in the rat, and that class I MHC antigens act
      as effective targets for these responses.

PMID- 3881858
TI  - Drug-induced tolerance to allografts in mice. IV. Mechanisms and kinetics of
      cyclophosphamide-induced tolerance.
AB  - Mechanisms and kinetics of tolerance in AKR mice induced using i.v. priming with
      viable C57BL/6 spleen cells and treatment with cyclophosphamide 2 days later were
      analyzed. In this tolerance induction system, some lymphocyte populations
      mediating delayed foot-pad reaction and cytotoxic activity were resistant to
      tolerance induction and remained in a sensitized state after cyclophosphamide
      treatment. These populations were considered to be qualitatively distinct from
      populations sensitive to cyclophosphamide, because delayed foot-pad reaction and
      cytotoxic lymphocyte activity were stronger in tolerant mice than in control mice
      in the early stages of tolerance induction, but were not augmented after
      immunization with C57BL/6 spleen cells, C57BL/6 skin grafts, or EL4 tumor grafts
      in the absence of suppressor T cells. One of the important differences in these
      two lymphocyte populations may be the capacity for clonal expansion.

PMID- 3881859
TI  - The effect of cyclosporine on cardiac xenograft survival.

PMID- 3881860
TI  - Rejection of allogeneic hepatocytes and fetal hepatic tissue transplanted into
      the rat spleen.

PMID- 3881861
TI  - In vitro correlates of in vivo skin graft rejection in Xenopus.

PMID- 3881862
TI  - Organ transplantation. Liver.

PMID- 3881863
TI  - Organ transplantation. Kidney.

PMID- 3881864
TI  - Organ transplantation. Pancreas.

PMID- 3881865
TI  - Organ transplantation. Bone marrow.

PMID- 3881866
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis in patients referred from general practice].

PMID- 3881867
TI  - [DACOVA. A multicenter study of ovarian cancer].

PMID- 3881868
TI  - A plane layered model to estimate in situ ultrasound exposures.
AB  - Determination of in situ ultrasound exposures in experimental animals and
      patients is necessary to assess any potential hazard of ultrasound implied by
      reported biological effects in animals. A layered model was used to calculate
      total attenuation of ultrasound pulses as they passed through tissue layers to an
      organ site, thus enabling calculation of in situ intensities from free-field
      transducer emissions. The model assumes plane homogeneous layers of tissue of
      known thickness, attenuation and acoustic impedance. Calculations based on the
      model, compared with in situ measurements in a human cadaver specimen, were
      accurate to within approximately +/- 3 dB. We then calculated in situ clinical
      exposures using published obstetric B-scans. Total attenuation to the fetus
      averaged approximately 11 dB at 3.5 MHz.

PMID- 3881869
TI  - Optimization of ultrasonic transducers.
AB  - The so-called KLM-model for ultrasonic transducers is employed to optimize
      transducer design. Some new performance characteristics are defined which change
      monotonically with design parameters. These characteristics are based on the area
      of the envelope of the echo waveform produced by the transducer and of the
      corresponding amplitude spectrum. The efficiency of the transducer is defined by
      the round trip energy factor. The performance characteristics are used in a
      composite performance measure, which is then employed as a criterion in the
      optimization procedure. Two transducers are investigated: for medical imaging
      purposes and for spectral analysis of clinical echograms. The influence of
      electrical matching, backing impedance, matching layer impedance, bond line
      thickness and series induction on the optimized transducers is investigated.

PMID- 3881870
TI  - Experience with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy of superficial
      bladder tumors.
AB  - Between March, 1978, and July, 1981, 86 patients with polychronotopic superficial
      papillary bladder tumors and concurrent carcinoma in situ were randomized to
      receive either transurethral resection alone (43) or TUR plus BCG (43). The
      results indicate that BCG is not only active in preventing recurrences of new
      tumors but also effective for the diffuse, flat carcinoma in situ.

PMID- 3881871
TI  - Renal carbuncle: comparison between surgical open drainage and closed
      percutaneous drainage.
AB  - This article represents a retrospective study of 12 patients with renal carbuncle
      treated at the combined urological services of The Mason Clinic in Seattle,
      Washington, and Madigan Army Medical Center in Tacoma, Washington. All patients
      were initially treated with antibiotics. Two recovered without further treatment.
      Of the 10 patients who failed to respond, 2 underwent nephrectomy for
      nonfunctioning kidneys, 4 underwent closed percutaneous drainage, and 4 underwent
      surgical open drainage. All patients treated with open surgical drainage
      recovered and retained functioning kidneys. Of the 4 patients who underwent
      closed percutaneous drainage, 2 failed to respond and required subsequent
      emergency nephrectomy because of sepsis. The authors believe that renal
      exploration and open drainage should be the initial definitive mode of surgical
      treatment of renal carbuncle in those patients who fail antibiotic therapy alone.

PMID- 3881872
TI  - Pharmacology and clinical applications of cis-platinum.
AB  - Cis-platinum is one of the most efficacious platinum group metals. This agent is
      widely used in combination with cancer chemotherapy including urologic,
      gynecologic, esophageal, and head and neck cancers. The initial experience
      indicated dose-limiting renal nephrotoxicity. However, recent knowledge through
      animal and clinical experiments have led to finding ways to prevent the
      undesirable toxicities of this agent even in high doses. The clinical utilization
      of cisplatinum in various cancers, including testicular, ovarian, bladder,
      prostate, esophageal, have been encouraging. The use of high-dose cis-platinum
      (200 mg/m2) has had important therapeutic impact on patients with poor prognostic
      testicular cancer when compared with the conventional dosage (100 mg/m2). The
      current use and future potential of this anticancer metal and its potential
      analogs are reviewed.

PMID- 3881873
TI  - Sonographic findings in leiomyoma of postorchiectomy scrotum.
AB  - Leiomyomas of the scrotum are unusual testicular masses and a case report
      reviewing the ultrasonographic findings of this entity comprises this report. The
      ultrasonographic characteristics of leiomyoma have not been reported previously.
      The purpose of this case report is to discuss the findings of ultrasound in
      evaluation of leiomyoma in the area of the scrotum.

PMID- 3881874
TI  - [Use of focused ultrasound in the megahertz range in the diagnosis of acoustic
      neuroma].

PMID- 3881875
TI  - [Penetration of a foreign body into the deep layers of the neck through the
      pharynx].

PMID- 3881876
TI  - La Crosse virus G1 glycoprotein undergoes a conformational change at the pH of
      fusion.
AB  - La Crosse virus, a member of the family Bunyaviridae, can mediate cell-to-cell
      fusion after mild acidification. Either of its two envelope glycoproteins could
      potentially be responsible for this function. The large glycoprotein (G1)
      undergoes a conformational change at the pH of activation of the fusion function,
      resulting in both an alteration in the cleavage pattern produced by amino-acid
      specific proteases, and in a change in its antigenicity, as defined by altered
      binding of monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 3881877
TI  - Australia antigen and the prevention of posttransfusion hepatitis.

PMID- 3881878
TI  - Volunteers and cancer control in Virginia. J. Shelton Horsley III, MD, interviews
      Bernard W. Woodahl.

PMID- 3881879
TI  - Cytologic and histologic correlation in primary lung cancer. A study of 154 cases
      with resectable tumors.
AB  - The accuracy of cytologic diagnosis and typing was examined in 154 patients, 113
      males and 41 females, who underwent radical surgery during the past six years.
      There were 42 central and 112 peripheral lesions: 6 adenocarcinomas and 28
      squamous-cell carcinomas were centrally located and 69 adenocarcinomas and 27
      squamous-cell carcinomas were peripherally located. Repetition of sputum sampling
      at least three times was preferred, especially in central lesions, which were
      detected in 57% to 64% of the cases by either three-day-pooled or aerosol-induced
      specimens. Peripheral lesions required brushing to enhance the accuracy. The
      overall typing accuracy was 64.3%, ranging from 83.6% in squamous-cell carcinoma
      to 25.0% in large-cell carcinoma. Cytologic positivity correlated well with the
      finding of tumors more than 3 cm in diameter. Adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell
      carcinoma showed no significant difference in frequency of regional lymph nodal
      metastases. The value of judging the accuracy of cytologic diagnosis and typing
      on the histologic evaluation of the entire resected lesion, rather than on biopsy
      specimens, is emphasized.

PMID- 3881880
TI  - Detection of benign or malignant origin of ascites with combined indirect
      immunoperoxidase assays of carcinoembryonic antigen and lysozyme.
AB  - The indirect immunoperoxidase method was used to study the presence of the
      intracellular carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and lysozyme (LZ) in alcohol-fixed
      cytologic smears of peritoneal fluids from 2 patients with chronic active
      hepatitis, 31 patients with liver cirrhosis and 7 patients with malignant liver
      disease. In the two patients with hepatitis, LZ was positive in both CEA was
      positive in one and negative in the other. Of the 31 patients with liver
      cirrhosis, 21 (67.5%) were LZ positive, 27 (87%) were CEA negative and only 4
      (13%) were CEA positive. Of the seven patients with malignant disease, six were
      CEA positive and six were LZ negative. It is of interest that 23 of 24 (96%) LZ
      positive results and 28 of 29 (97%) CEA-negative results corresponded to negative
      cytologic diagnoses for malignancy. Cytologic diagnosis of "reactive mesothelial
      cells" seemed to correlate better (71%) with CEA-negative and LZ-positive
      results. The data suggest that the investigation of CEA and LZ in the cells of
      peritoneal fluids appears to have promise as an adjunct to cytology in
      differentiating benign from malignant origins of the fluid.

PMID- 3881881
TI  - Involvement of endogenous prostaglandins in salt-induced hypertension.
AB  - Insufficient production of prostaglandins, which are possible antihypertensive
      agents, may be a pathogenetic factor in hypertensive patients on salt loading. We
      compared the levels of plasma PGE2, plasma renin activity (PRA) and urinary 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha (6-O-PGF1 alpha), a major stable metabolite of PGI2, on day 5 of
      salt deprivation and also on day 5 of subsequent salt loading in 17 patients with
      essential hypertension. Salt loading decreased plasma PGE2, and slightly
      increased urinary 6-O-PGF1 alpha. On salt loading, a positive correlation was
      found between the levels of plasma PGE2 and urinary sodium excretion. On salt
      deprivation, PRA was significantly correlated with plasma PGE2. The per cent
      change in mean blood pressure on changing from salt restriction to salt loading
      was inversely correlated with the per cent change in PGE2, and positively
      correlated with the per cent change in 6-O-PGF1 alpha excretion. These findings
      suggest that on salt restriction, PGE2 is involved in the renin-angiotension
      system and that on salt loading, PGE2 is produced to compensate for the excessive
      sodium. The finding that PGE2 production was attenuated progressively as the mean
      blood pressure increased on salt loading in patients with essential hypertension
      suggests that insufficient compensatory PGE2 production is a pathogenetic factor
      in salt-induced hypertensive patients. In contrast, PGI2 may be produced
      adaptively to regulate blood pressure during changes in salt balance.

PMID- 3881882
TI  - Intracellular localization of salivary peptide P-C-like immunoreactivity in the
      human pancreatic B-cells.
AB  - In order to clarify the intracellular localization of salivary peptide P-C-like
      immunoreactivity in human pancreatic B-cells, an immunohistochemical study at
      electron microscopic levels was carried out by the protein A-gold technique using
      antisera against insulin and salivary peptide P-C. Both salivary peptide P-C-like
      immunoreactivity and insulin-like immunoreactivity were present only in the
      insulin secretory granules of the pancreatic B-cells. However, the former
      immunoreactivity was lacking in many insulin secretory granules of foetal
      pancreatic B-cells while the latter immunoreactivity was seen in all insulin
      secretory granules. Salivary peptide P-C-like immunoreactivity was not found in
      the other kinds of cells in the islets. In a previous immunohistochemical study
      at light microscopic level, salivary peptide P-C-like immunoreactivity appeared
      in a few pancreatic B-cells at about the 16th week of gestation, in an increasing
      number during gestation, and was seen in all pancreatic B-cells a few months
      after birth. The present finding together with the above results suggest that
      absence of salivary peptide P-C-like immunoreactivity in some foetal pancreatic B
      cells may be due to the underdevelopment of salivary peptide P-C-like
      immunoreactivity in each insulin secretory granule. From the examination of cross
      reactivity of antisera against salivary peptide P-C to other kinds of salivary
      peptides and salivary Protein C, and from the results of an indirect
      immunofluorescence technique using three kinds of antisera including antisera
      against salivary peptide P-C, salivary peptide P-B and salivary Protein C, it was
      thought that salivary peptide P-C-like immunoreactivity in human pancreatic B
      cells belongs neither to salivary Protein C nor to salivary peptide P-B nor to
      salivary peptide P-E, but either to salivary peptide P-C itself or to an unknown
      substance which has common antigenic determinants with salivary peptide P-C,
      salivary peptide P-B and salivary Protein C. Salivary peptide P-C-like
      immunoreactivity was not found in the pancreatic B-cells of other mammals. Thus,
      although a new substance other than insulin is present in the insulin secretory
      granules of the human pancreatic B-cells, its pathophysiological function remains
      unclear.

PMID- 3881883
TI  - Presence of salivary protein C and salivary peptide P-C-like immunoreactivity in
      the laryngo-tracheo-bronchial glands.
AB  - An indirect immunofluorescence technique using antisera against salivary peptide
      P-C and against salivary Protein C was carried out on the laryngeal, tracheal and
      bronchial glands to examine whether salivary peptide P-C-like immunoreactivity,
      recently demonstrated in the serous cells of the human salivary glands, was also
      present in those of laryngeal, tracheal and bronchial glands and to ascertain
      whether salivary peptide P-C is a fragment of salivary Protein C or not. Salivary
      peptide P-C-like immunoreactivity was present in the serous cells of the human
      laryngeal, tracheal and bronchial glands. Observation of serial sections
      immunostained with two kinds of antisera revealed that cells reacting with
      antisera against salivary peptide P-C were identical to those reacting with
      antisera against salivary Protein C pre-incubated with salivary peptide P-C. The
      finding implied that salivary peptide P-C and salivary Protein C, originally
      isolated from human saliva, were also present in the serous cells of tissues
      other than the salivary glands. Furthermore, analysis of the primary structure of
      salivary peptide P-C and salivary Protein C together with the present
      morphological finding suggests that salivary peptide P-C is a COOH-terminal
      fragment of salivary Protein C. Thus, salivary Protein C and salivary peptide P-C
      may play some role in the function of the serous cells of the salivary and
      laryngo-tracheo-bronchial glands.

PMID- 3881884
TI  - Insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone in canine starvation.
AB  - The roles of plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) and growth hormone (GH)
      were studied in 7 beagle dogs before and during starvation and during refeeding.
      IGF I levels significantly decreased from 75.2 +/- 5.9 ng/ml at 7 days prior to
      the start of starvation to 9 +/- 1.7 ng/ml at 19 days after the commencement of
      starvation (mean +/- SEM; P less than 0.0001). During refeeding IGF I
      significantly rose from 9 +/- 1.7 ng/ml to 55.5 +/- 7.5 ng/ml within 9 days (mean
      +/- SEM; P less than 0.002). During starvation plasma GH levels significantly
      increased (P less than 0.05) and these elevated levels returned to normal during
      refeeding. The dogs' GH secretory capacity significantly increased during
      starvation (P = 0.012) and became normal again during refeeding. The following
      conclusions can be drawn from this study: 1) starvation in the dog leads to a
      significant and drastic reduction of the circulating levels of IGF I, and 2)
      starvation in the dog, as in man, leads to increased circulating GH levels and to
      an increased GH-secretory capacity possibly brought about by a lack of a negative
      feedback normally exerted by IGF I.

PMID- 3881885
TI  - Comparison of in vivo effects of insulin-like growth factors I and II and of
      growth hormone in hypophysectomized rats.
AB  - Pure human IGF I (43 and 103 micrograms/day) and IGF II (131 micrograms/day) were
      infused into hypophysectomized rats during 6 days by means of sc implanted
      minipumps. Their effects on several growth indices were compared with those of
      various doses of sc infused human growth hormone. Growth hormone infusion
      produced a dose-dependent rise of endogenous rat IGF from 39 (without growth
      hormone) to 86 microU equivalents/ml (with 400 mU hGH/day) as determined by a
      competitive protein binding assay with a human IGF standard. In rats receiving
      the two doses of IGF I, total serum IGF levels rose to 83 and 99 microU
      equivalents/ml, respectively, in those receiving the IGF II dose the total serum
      IGF level rose to 146 microU equivalents/ml. These increases corresponded to
      steady state levels of 168 and 286 ng/ml of immunoreactive insulin-like growth
      factor (IR-IGF) I and 320 ng/ml of IR-IGF II. IGF I, but not IGF II led to an
      increase in body weight similar to that induced by the low doses of hGH (12.5 and
      25 mU, respectively). The rise of endogenous rat IGF as well as the infused human
      IGF I and II caused a widening of the tibial epiphysis and an increase of the
      [3H]thymidine incorporation into costal cartilage. With respect to these two
      indices IGF II was clearly less potent that IGF I. When expressed in microU
      equivalents of the protein binding assay, endogenous rat IGF induced by hGH
      appeared to be relatively more effective than infused human IGF I or II.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3881886
TI  - Epidermal growth factor stimulates secretion of rat pituitary luteinizing hormone
      in vitro.
AB  - The effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on pituitary luteinizing hormone
      (LH) release and on the releases induced by oestradiol (E2) and LH-releasing
      hormone (LRH) were examined in a sequential double chamber perifusion system. In
      this system the mediobasal hypothalami (MBH) and/or pituitaries excised from
      normally cycling female rats in dioestrus were perifused with test media.
      Perifusion with EGF at 1 ng/ml for 30 min induced significant release (80-100%
      increase, P less than 0.05) of LH from hypothalamo-pituitary pairs, but not from
      the pituitary alone. Perifusion of the pituitary alone with medium containing 1
      ng/ml EGF, resulted in significant release of LH (70-140% increase, P less than
      0.05) after administration of 10(-7) M E2, but did not significantly influence LH
      release in response to 20 ng/ml LRH. These findings suggest that EGF may be
      involved in the regulation of pituitary gonadotrophin secretion by a direct
      effect on the hypothalamus and indirectly by increasing the pituitary
      responsiveness to E2.

PMID- 3881887
TI  - The importance of plasma free insulin and counterregulatory hormones for the
      recovery of blood glucose following hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetics.
AB  - After induction of hypoglycaemia in 31 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) patients, the
      10 patients with the slowest recovery of blood glucose from hypoglycaemia were
      arbitrarily compared with the 10 patients with the fastest recovery of blood
      glucose. No differences were found between the two groups regarding response of
      glucagon to hypoglycaemia, whereas the epinephrine (2-fold), norepinephrine (2.4
      fold) and cortisol responses were significantly greater in the group with the
      slow recovery. The plasma free insulin concentrations were higher (2-fold) in the
      group with slow recovery from 30 min after stop of insulin and throughout the
      study. This may be explained by a 3-fold greater amount of insulin binding
      antibodies in this group compared to the group with fast recovery from
      hypoglycaemia. An inverse significant correlation was demonstrated between the
      rates of recovery and the amounts of insulin binding antibodies in all the
      patients (P less than 0.02). This implicates that enhanced counterregulatory
      hormone responses in the group with the slow recovery from hypoglycaemia could
      not compensate for the hypoglycaemic effect of a concomitant higher plasma free
      insulin concentration. Insulin binding antibodies, acting as a depot of
      circulating insulin, may be a risk factor of prolonged hypoglycaemia in Type 1
      diabetics.

PMID- 3881888
TI  - Effects of insulin on altered mineral and vitamin D metabolism in streptozotocin
      induced diabetes.
AB  - In order to ascertain whether or not abnormal mineral and vitamin D metabolism in
      diabetes can be reversed by insulin therapy, plasma calcium, ionized calcium,
      phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D metabolites were measured in
      control, streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats. Blood
      glucose levels in diabetic rats treated with insulin decreased to normal. The low
      plasma calcium and ionized calcium levels in diabetic rats were found to be
      normal in insulin-treated diabetic rats. An elevated PTH level was observed in
      the diabetic group, but it was at normal levels in the insulin-treated diabetic
      group. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
      (24,25(OH)2D) in the diabetic group were decreased compared to those in control
      rats, but these were also fully restored to control levels by insulin therapy.
      However, plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) levels in the untreated
      diabetic group tended to be lower than in controls, and the values in insulin
      treated rats were significantly decreased compared to the control group. The
      ratio of 1,25(OH)2D to 25(OH)D in diabetic rats was higher than in controls, but
      it was decreased after insulin therapy and was significantly lower than in the
      control group. It is suggested, therefore, that the negative calcium balance and
      decreased 25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)2D levels are derived from the metabolic
      derangement due to the insulin deficiency. Furthermore, insulin seems to suppress
      the conversion of 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2D in experimental diabetes in vivo.

PMID- 3881889
TI  - Studies on the deposition of laminin and type IV collagen in human oral mucosa
      transplanted to nude mice.
AB  - Normal human oral mucosa (20 biopsies) and similar tissue transplanted to nude
      mice (44 transplants) were investigated for the presence of laminin and type IV
      collagen, using an indirect immunofluorescence staining technique. Laminin and
      type IV collagen were consistently found in the basement membrane area of the
      epithelial-stromal junction, and of the vessels of both normal oral mucosa and
      oral mucosal transplants. De novo synthesis of laminin and type IV collagen by
      transplanted epithelium was evidenced by the finding of an increased thickness of
      basement membrane deposits. New basement membrane-like material was also seen
      between the migrating human epithelial cells and the murine connective tissue. By
      application of species-specific monoclonal antibodies to human laminin and type
      IV collagen, it was demonstrated that human epithelial cells have the ability to
      participate in the information of their basement membranes. The use of both
      species-specific and species-unspecific antibodies showed that the vessel supply
      of the transplants was of both human and murine origin.

PMID- 3881890
TI  - Growth-activity related variation of a nuclear antigen in monolayer-culture cells
      quantitated by immunofluorometry and microspectrophotometry.
AB  - Antibodies of the hybridoma clone M 372/809 react with a nuclear antigen in
      growing cells. Using immunofluorometry and microspectrophotometry, the antigen
      was found to accumulate to a maximum coincident with the marked early increase in
      nuclear protein contents. The following DNA increase appeared when the intensity
      of the reaction with M 372/809 antibodies was decreasing. The antigen increase
      was inhibited by alpha-amanitin. It may therefore be associated with
      transcription early in the cell cycle.

PMID- 3881891
TI  - Regression analysis of catecholamine utilization in discrete hypothalamic and
      forebrain regions of the male rat: effects of thyroidectomy.
AB  - The effects of thyroidectomy (4 weeks) on dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA)
      turnover rates were determined by means of regression analysis. The disappearance
      of catecholamine (CA) fluorescence (using quantitative histofluorimetry) after
      tyrosine hydroxylase inhibition (alpha-methyl-DL-p-tyrosine methyl ester) has
      been investigated in discrete hypothalamic and forebrain DA and NA nerve terminal
      systems of the male rat. A time-dependent monophasic CA fluorescence
      disappearance was observed in all CA nerve terminal systems of the sham-operated
      and thyroidectomized rats. In the thyroidectomized rat, DA turnover in the
      anterior nucleus accumbens and in the medial and lateral palisade zones of the
      median eminence (ME) was reduced while DA turnover in the posterior nucleus
      accumbens was increased as compared to control rats. Furthermore, NA turnover was
      increased in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PA) and reduced in the
      dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DM) and in the 'border zone' (lateral
      hypothalamus). Radioimmunoassay of hormones in serum demonstrated marked
      increases in TSH levels and reduced concentrations of GH, prolactin,
      corticosterone, triiodothyronine and thyroxine. The reduced DA turnover in the
      external layer of the ME and the increased NA turnover in the PA may indicate an
      inhibitory dopaminergic mechanism in the ME and a facilitatory noradrenergic
      mechanism in the PA in the regulation of TSH secretion. These mechanisms seem to
      interact with thyroid hormones. The reduced NA turnover demonstrated in the DM
      and in the border zone may be related to the lowering of growth hormone levels
      and pulsatility caused by thyroidectomy. Finally, the DA nerve terminal systems
      in the anterior and posterior parts of the nucleus accumbens are differently
      regulated by changes in the brain-pituitary-thyroid axis.

PMID- 3881892
TI  - Real-time sonographic monitoring of percutaneous abscess drainage.

PMID- 3881893
TI  - Fine-needle biopsy of hepatic hemangioma with sonographic guidance.
AB  - Thirty-three focal hepatic lesions later proven to be hemangiomas underwent
      sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Indications for cytologic
      assessment were an atypical sonographic pattern in 11 cases, the need to
      differentiate from liver metastases in 12 patients with a history of neoplasm,
      and other indications in 10. The aspirated material consisted of blood alone in
      24 cases; in the other nine cases, endothelial cells and/or agglomerates of
      capillaries were demonstrated also, and this was considered to be diagnostic. In
      one case, intratumoral bleeding was demonstrated sonographically, but no
      treatment was needed. The possible angiomatous nature of an hepatic lesion should
      not be considered an absolute contraindication to biopsy, provided that a fine
      needle is used and the optimal route to the lesion is chosen.

PMID- 3881894
TI  - The recanalized umbilical vein in portal hypertension: a myth.
AB  - The demonstration of a vessel in the falciform ligament, traditionally presumed
      to be a reopened umbilical vein, is an important sonographic sign of portal
      hypertension. This vessel was sought in 200 umbilicoportographies (all portal
      hypertensive) and in 41 autopsy-dissected falciform ligaments (34 normal and
      seven cirrhotic). The normal falciform ligament contained one to three tiny
      collapsed paraumbilical veins. In cirrhotics, the number and caliber of
      paraumbilical veins increased. A reopened umbilical vein was never found. The
      authors conclude that the umbilical vein does not recanalize in portal
      hypertension. The vessel involved is actually an enlarged paraumbilical vein.

PMID- 3881895
TI  - Intraoperative sonography of the pancreas.
AB  - Intraoperative sonography (IOS) of the pancreas was performed in 12 patients,
      eight with known or suspected inflammatory disease and four with known or
      suspected malignancy, in order to assess its utility in aiding pancreatic
      surgery. In all eight patients with inflammatory disease, IOS provided additional
      information, aided in resection or biopsy, or identified structures that could
      not be evaluated by surgical dissection. IOS was particularly useful in these
      patients in determining the size and appearance of the pancreatic duct before
      dissection or ductography, thus allowing planning of appropriate pancreatic
      decompression or resection. It also was extremely helpful in locating and
      characterizing pseudocysts, including measurement of cyst wall thickness, and in
      directing needle aspiration of cyst contents. Adequate drainage of all cysts in
      multiple cystic masses was easily monitored. Finally, impalpable peripancreatic
      fluid collections and abscesses were often localized. In the four patients with
      probable malignancy, IOS was somewhat helpful in two, allowing exclusion of tumor
      in one and guiding biopsy in another. In the other two patients, IOS provided no
      information due to obvious local invasion and nonresectability. Results indicate
      a significant adjunctive role for IOS in surgery for inflammatory disease of the
      pancreas. It seems to be less helpful in patients with malignancy, probably
      because of the advanced stage of pancreatic carcinoma at the time of surgery.

PMID- 3881896
TI  - The significance of septations in a renal cyst.
AB  - Little is known about the significance of one or more septations within a renal
      cyst. The records of 26 patients whose sonographic and/or CT studies showed
      evidence of internal septations were reviewed to assess their significance.
      Thirteen patients underwent surgical exploration; in 10, the final diagnoses were
      benign lesions, while in three there were elements of renal cell carcinoma.
      Criteria are suggested to distinguish benign from malignant lesions. One or more
      thin septations alone is probably of no clinical significance, but if there are
      solid elements demonstrated, further evaluation is mandatory.

PMID- 3881897
TI  - Sonographic differentiation between blighted ovum and early viable pregnancy.
AB  - Thirty-five patients referred either for confirmation of pregnancy or because of
      vaginal bleeding associated with early pregnancy were examined sonographically.
      The sonograms were evaluated prospectively to determine whether a blighted ovum
      or early missed abortion could be differentiated from an early viable pregnancy
      lacking fetal echoes. A well defined trophoblastic reaction, continuous around
      the gestational sac, is a very good prognostic sign for continued viability; a
      sac greater than 2 cm in diameter without embryonic echoes is a poor prognostic
      sign. However, no sonographic features were found to be reliable in
      differentiating viable from nonviable pregnancy (presenting as an empty
      gestational sac) on a single sonographic examination. The authors recommend
      follow-up sonographic evaluation in 10-14 days.

PMID- 3881898
TI  - Hand-held real-time breast sonography.
AB  - The results of real-time hand-held sonographic breast examinations on 86 patients
      are presented. The technique is described in detail. Sonography was found to be a
      useful adjunct to the x-ray mammogram in three groups of patients: (1) patients
      with dense breasts and localized symptomatology or a suspicious area on x-ray
      mammogram; (2) patients with nonpalpable abnormalities discovered on x-ray
      mammogram; and (3) patients with palpable masses considered indeterminate on x
      ray mammogram. The examination was also found useful for guiding needle
      aspiration biopsies, in patients with persistent nipple discharge, and in those
      with breast prostheses. Advantages of the hand-held real-time technique include
      supine positioning, the ability to flexibly orient the probe, improved resolution
      due to higher frequency transducers and the lack of compounding, and the ability
      to vary the amount of compression to assess tissue compliance and fixation. The
      disadvantage of decreased resolution in the near field can be overcome by
      attaching a detachable water-path step-off device to the transducer. Geometric
      distortion from the pressure of the transducer was not believed to be a problem.
      Hand-held sonographic technique is useful when attention can be directed to a
      specific area of the breast. The additional information provided results in fewer
      equivocal interpretations of the x-ray mammogram; however, it should not be used
      as a substitute for routine mammography.

PMID- 3881899
TI  - Digital subtraction ductography.
AB  - Digital subtraction techniques used in the examination of eight patients with
      salivary and nasolacrimal disease are described. Pleomorphic adenoma, ductal
      stricture, extrinsic masses, parotid-otic fistula, and a radiolucent calculus
      were demonstrated. The procedures are more easily performed than film techniques,
      and pathology is better demonstrated by digital ductography than on a film
      examination. Image subtraction, reregistration, and window manipulation allowed
      clear demonstration of ducts about the head and neck, overcoming limitations
      imposed by inherently high object contrast. Digital subtraction ductography is an
      important nonvascular application of digital imaging technology.

PMID- 3881900
TI  - Measurement accuracy of sonographic sector scanners.
AB  - Discrepancies identified in anatomic size measurements in clinical obstetric
      sonographic studies prompted a study of the accuracy of measurements obtained
      from sonographic mechanical sector scanners. There were large variations in
      equipment calibration of the size of the sector scan angle among six clinical
      sonographic units from four manufacturers, causing transverse measurements to
      vary from 47% (high) to 9% (low), compared with the true size of a cylindrical
      plastic phantom. Depth measurements, parallel to the direction of sound
      penetration, are only velocity dependent and were accurate to within 6%.
      Transverse size measurements made using mechanical sector scanners should be
      suspect unless the calibration has been checked using a phantom test object.

PMID- 3881902
TI  - Maladies of mummies. A venture in biohistory.

PMID- 3881901
TI  - Mobile's Heustis Medical Museum seeks artifacts.

PMID- 3881903
TI  - Effects of calcium-channel blockers on myocardial preservation during
      experimental acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Calcium antagonists have become accepted agents for the attenuation of myocardial
      ischemia when it becomes manifest as angina pectoris. However, it is not known
      whether these agents can protect ischemic myocardium during the early evolution
      of an acute myocardial infarct. Calcium antagonists could potentially improve
      myocardial perfusion, by relieving coronary spasm or improving collateral blood
      flow, and reduce the energy demands of the ischemic myocardium either directly or
      by reducing heart rate or contractility. In some studies, calcium antagonists
      have decreased the rate of adenosine triphosphate depletion in ischemia and
      reduced functional or structural indexes of ischemic injury after relatively
      brief periods (up to 2 hours) of injury. We have assessed the ability of
      verapamil to protect severely ischemic myocardium in dogs with a 40-minute test
      period of circumflex occlusion followed by reperfusion. After 4 days of recovery,
      infarcts were sized by histologic methods. Untreated dogs had subendocardial
      infarcts (the more moderately ischemic subepicardial region being salvaged by
      reperfusion). Pretreatment with verapamil reduced the size of these
      subendocardial infarcts from 34 +/- 8 to 8 +/- 3% of the ischemic circumflex
      vascular bed (anatomic area at risk). Thus, verapamil prevented cell death in a
      substantial proportion of the severely ischemic subendocardial region that
      otherwise would have died as a result of the 40-minute test period of ischemia.
      To establish whether verapamil could prevent cell death for a longer period of
      time in the less severely ischemic subepicardial region, a 3-hour period of
      coronary occlusion with reperfusion was studied.

PMID- 3881904
TI  - Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic heart disease.
AB  - The pharmacologic and physiologic effects of the slow-channel calcium antagonists
      verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem are reviewed. Relevant pathophysiologic
      features of various acute ischemic heart disease syndromes are also reviewed and
      the clinical applications of the slow-channel calcium antagonists to acute
      ischemic heart disease syndromes in patients are discussed.

PMID- 3881905
TI  - Use of nifedipine to decrease ischemic-reperfusion injury in the surgical
      setting.
AB  - This report summarizes studies that provided a basis for a randomized clinical
      trial of nifedipine in cold hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution. Data from
      normothermic, isolated working rabbit heart studies demonstrated that presence of
      micromolar concentrations of nifedipine in the perfusate during continuous low
      flow or nifedipine used as bolus washouts during global ischemia prevented
      increases in systolic and diastolic stiffness, which could be related to dose and
      prevention of intracellular accumulation of calcium. Other studies in open-chest
      dogs in whom regional ischemia was produced showed that nifedipine was superior
      to sodium nitroprusside when infused during the ischemic and reperfusion
      intervals with respect to preservation of hemodynamic variables and reduction of
      myocardial injury. Further, data from cardiopulmonary bypass experiments in dogs
      conducted at myocardial temperatures of 37, 28, 18 and 12 degrees C with 1, 2 and
      3 hours of global ischemia all demonstrated significant efficacy. To date, the
      randomized clinical trial has shown a small reduction in the incidence of low
      cardiac output syndrome in high-risk patients. Those receiving nifedipine had
      improved hemodynamic variables. No patient in the treated group had myocardial
      injury in the postoperative interval shown by radionuclide pyrophosphate scan.
      The conclusions from this trial are that nifedipine was efficacious when included
      in a cold hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution. The responses observed, however,
      appear to be dose-, vehicle- and species-dependent.

PMID- 3881906
TI  - Calcium-channel blockers in the treatment of migraine.
AB  - According to classic theory, a migraine attack is initiated by cerebrovascular
      spasm followed by extracranial vasodilatation. Results of recent studies support
      this theory and suggest that cerebral blood flow during the initial phase of
      migraine symptoms is, in fact, decreased and this decrease probably leads to
      ischemia and hypoxia. Cellular hypoxia, in turn, can cause an increase in the
      flow of calcium from the extracellular fluid to the intracellular space,
      resulting in calcium overload and cellular dysfunction. Because calcium-channel
      blockers selectively inhibit the intracellular influx of calcium ions,
      investigators have begun evaluating the efficacy of these agents for migraine
      prophylaxis. Nimodipine, a calcium-channel blocker that exhibits selective
      effects on cerebral vessels, seems to offer protection against the cerebral
      ischemia and hypoxia presumed to be operative during migraine attacks. In a
      double-blind, placebo-controlled study, nimodipine decreased the frequency and
      duration of migraine attacks by at least half in 69% of patients treated with
      this agent. Comparable reductions in migraine frequency and duration were
      attained in 58, 51, 41 and 52% of patients treated with methysergide maleate,
      pizotifen, clonidine hydrochloride and propranolol, respectively. The piperazine
      derivative flunarizine also has calcium-channel blocking properties. This agent
      prevents vasospasm in cerebral arteries and protects against cerebral hypoxia.
      Results of double-blind studies of migraine prophylaxis with flunarizine
      demonstrate the beneficial effects of this agent, particularly in younger
      patients. Flunarizine proved to be superior to pizotifen in decreasing the
      severity of migraine attacks and comparable to pizotifen in decreasing their
      frequency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3881907
TI  - Role of calcium antagonists in cerebral arterial spasm.
AB  - Spasm of the large cerebral arteries at the base of the brain causes delayed
      ischemic neurologic deficits in approximately 30% of patients after a
      subarachnoid hemorrhage from an intracranial aneurysm. In vitro chamber studies
      have shown that both dog and human large cerebral artery segments contract to a
      variety of vasoactive agents, and the dog and human segments are remarkedly
      similar in their responses. The source of calcium necessary to initiate
      contraction was found to be extracellular for large cerebral arteries. In
      contrast, systemic arteries such as the femoral artery use a bound intracellular
      pool of calcium for contraction. The calcium antagonists nifedipine and
      nimodipine were found to selectively inhibit the contractions of large cerebral
      arteries but not the femoral artery. In vivo experiments demonstrated that both
      nifedipine and nimodipine, given sublingually, would prevent and reverse cerebral
      arterial spasm in the dog after a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Nimodipine was found
      to be more potent, both in the chamber and in the live dog experiments.
      Nimodipine significantly decreased the occurrence of severe neurologic deficits
      from spasm alone in a multi-institutional, prospective, double-blind, randomized,
      placebo-controlled trial.

PMID- 3881908
TI  - Raynaud's phenomenon: pathophysiologic features and treatment with calcium
      channel blockers.
AB  - Raynaud's phenomenon may be associated with severe pain, functional disability
      and digital infarction, particularly in patients with underlying vascular
      disease. The pathophysiologic features of Raynaud's phenomenon are complex
      although vasospasm contributes to the production of digital ischemia in most
      cases. Calcium-channel blockers have been shown to produce arteriolar
      vasodilation and an increase in peripheral blood flow. They have been used to
      treat patients with Raynaud's phenomenon in several prospective, randomized,
      double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Low doses of verapamil were ineffective
      but both diltiazem and nifedipine produced subjective improvement in 60 to 90% of
      cases. Objective measures of digital blood flow were not improved. Patients
      without underlying vascular disease responded more readily to therapy than
      patients with scleroderma. Adverse effects were uncommon and seldom necessitated
      discontinuation of therapy. These data suggest that nifedipine and diltiazem
      provide effective short-term improvement in symptoms for most patients with
      Raynaud's phenomenon.

PMID- 3881909
TI  - Modification of experimental atherosclerosis by calcium-channel blockers.
AB  - The process of atherosclerosis, although not completely understood, is being
      clarified. A unifying hypothesis holds that the initial event is endothelial
      injury, followed by platelet aggregation and release reactions. This leads to
      smooth muscle cell migration into the intima and replication, with subsequent
      secretion of elastin, collagen and glycosaminoglycans (which binds lipids).
      Several animal studies have shown that calcium plays an important role in this
      process. Many drugs with diverse properties can inhibit experimental
      atherosclerosis. These drugs appear to reduce intracellular calcium. The calcium
      channel blockers nifedipine, diltiazem and verapamil, which decrease
      intracellular calcium, also protect animals from experimental atherosclerosis.
      The relevance of these animal models to human atherosclerosis is uncertain, and
      there are very few studies concerning regression of atherosclerosis by
      interfering with calcium fluxes. Further studies will be needed to clarify these
      points.

PMID- 3881910
TI  - Calcium-entry blockers, vascular smooth muscle and systemic hypertension.
AB  - Abnormal narrowing of the arterioles, caused by contraction of arteriolar smooth
      muscle, contributes to the genesis and the maintenance of the increased
      peripheral resistance observed in hypertension. Activation of the contractile
      process in vascular smooth muscle requires an increase in cytoplasmic calcium. In
      most blood vessels, the activator ion enters the cell through specific membrane
      channels, which can be inhibited by a chemically heterogeneous group of drugs,
      the calcium-entry blockers. The antihypertensive effect of these agents is
      probably explained by their inhibitory effect on (1) alpha-adrenergic activation
      (the pharmacologic subtype of postjunctional alpha-adrenoceptor does not
      necessarily determine the importance of calcium entry); (2) activation by
      nonadrenergic neurohumoral mediators (for example, serotonin); (3) acceleration
      of calcium entry by metabolites of arachidonic acid formed by lipoxygenase; and
      (4) inherent myogenic tone.

PMID- 3881911
TI  - Effects of calcium-channel blocking agents on left ventricular diastolic function
      in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in coronary artery disease.
AB  - Abnormal left ventricular (LV) diastolic performance is a characteristic feature
      of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) and an important contributor to the
      development of symptoms. Impaired diastolic filling of the hypertrophied left
      ventricle results from both diminished distensibility and prolonged or incomplete
      relaxation. LV distensibility is not only influenced by fixed anatomic
      abnormalities (such as fibrosis or hypertrophy) that determine the passive
      elastic properties of the left ventricle, but also is modulated by the dynamics
      of myocardial relaxation: prolonged or incomplete LV relaxation may restrict the
      rate and extent of LV filling and result in altered pressure-volume relations
      throughout diastole. Several studies indicate that impaired LV relaxation and
      filling in HC may be modified favorably by verapamil or nifedipine administered
      on a short-term basis in the catheterization laboratory, associated with improved
      diastolic pressure-volume relations. Verapamil also improves LV filling during
      oral therapy. Improved indexes of LV filling correlate with symptomatic
      improvement, both short-term and long-term: Approximately 80% of patients having
      a persistent increase in peak LV filling rate have persistent improvement in
      objective exercise tolerance compared with preverapamil values. Altered LV
      relaxation and filling are also often observed in patients with coronary artery
      disease (CAD) after myocardial infarction or during acute ischemia. Moreover,
      impaired filling occurs under resting conditions in many patients who have normal
      systolic function and no evidence of previous infarction. Nifedipine improves
      indexes of LV relaxation and distensibility during pacing-induced ischemia and
      verapamil improves indexes of LV filling at rest and during exercise-induced
      ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3881912
TI  - Microvascular spasm as a cause of cardiomyopathies and the calcium-blocking agent
      verapamil as potential primary therapy.
AB  - The origin of cardiomyopathies, a major cause of cardiac disability and death,
      has been largely unexplained. Pathologic features, common to all cardiomyopathies
      independent of origin, include ventricular hypertrophy and diffuse scarring with
      variable amounts of ventricular dilatation. This problem was studied
      experimentally in 2 models of congestive cardiomyopathy: the hereditary
      cardiomyopathic Syrian hamster and the hypertensive-diabetic rat. In both the
      genetic and the acquired disease models, there is focal myocytolytic necrosis
      followed by healing with focal scars, ventricular wall hypertrophy, ventricular
      dilatation with congestive heart failure and, ultimately, death. In view of the
      heterogeneous pathologic features of both diseases, silicone rubber perfusions
      have been used to study the microcirculation of the heart in these animals;
      microvascular spasm has been demonstrated early in the disease associated with
      small areas of myocytolytic necrosis that undergo subsequent fibrosis. Reactive
      hypertrophy then ensues as a compensatory response to this myocellular necrosis;
      it is the combination of cell loss and slowly decreasing contractility resulting
      from the reactive hypertrophy, which culminates in a cardiomyopathy.
      Administration of verapamil or prazosin to the cardiomyopathic Syrian hamster
      prevents microvascular spasm and development of cardiomyopathic changes in the
      myocardium. In view of these and other findings related to the anatomy and
      hyperreactivity of microcirculation, it is concluded that hypertrophic congestive
      cardiomyopathies may be caused by focal cell loss due to microvascular spasm and
      reperfusion injury, with the subsequent development of focal fibrosis and
      reactive hypertrophy in response to the myocardial necrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3881913
TI  - Use of calcium-channel blocking drugs in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Verapamil exerts a wide spectrum of hemodynamic effects in patients with
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC), and its administration offers an important
      alternative to beta-receptor blocker therapy in such patients. The intravenous
      administration of verapamil to 62 patients in the catheterization laboratory
      decreased systolic blood pressure from 118 +/- 17 to 102 +/- 17 mm Hg (p less
      than 0.001). It had no significant effect on heart rate, mean pulmonary artery
      wedge pressure, left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure or cardiac output;
      however, LV outflow gradient in the basal state decreased from 62 +/- 34 to 29 +/
      34 mm Hg (p less than 0.05). These findings demonstrate a decrease in LV outflow
      tract obstruction. Radionuclide angiography indicated the major action
      responsible for the reduction in obstruction appears to be an improvement in LV
      diastolic function. Short-term nifedipine administration to patients with HC
      produced no significant effect on LV outflow tract gradients and early diastolic
      filling. Short-term double-blind studies showed that verapamil improved exercise
      time by 26 +/- 35% (p less than 0.005) compared with placebo, whereas propranolol
      improved it by 21 +/- 35% (p less than 0.025). In a separate study, verapamil
      improved exercise duration by 38 +/- 58% (p = 0.02) compared with placebo,
      whereas nifedipine improved it by 20 +/- 47% (difference is not significant).
      Verapamil resulted in a more beneficial subjective symptomatic response than
      propranolol or nifedipine when compared with placebo. Long-term verapamil therapy
      was instituted in 227 patients; 133 of these patients have continued taking the
      medication for an average of 25 +/- 13 months because their quality of life
      improved compared with what they experienced with their former therapy (usually
      beta blocker). Improved exercise capacity of 40% has been maintained in 32
      patients for 2 years. A decrease in ventricular septal thickness of 1.5 +/- 2.6
      mm was also found in 32 patients studied after 39 +/- 8 months of verapamil
      therapy. Nine patients died during follow-up study, but it is unclear whether the
      drug increased survival or, conversely, whether any of the deaths could be
      attributed to verapamil administration. Significant adverse electrophysiologic
      and hemodynamic effects were seen in 59 instances. The electrophysiologic events,
      atrioventricular block and sinus arrest, were definitely verapamil-related, but
      it is uncertain how many of the hemodynamic problems of hypotension and pulmonary
      congestion were drug-related.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3881914
TI  - Therapeutic application of calcium-channel antagonists for pulmonary
      hypertension.
AB  - Calcium-channel antagonists may provide an effective approach to the treatment of
      pulmonary hypertensive disorders. Biochemical evidence suggests that pulmonary
      vasoconstriction results from the transmembrane flux of calcium into vascular
      smooth muscle; accordingly, the pulmonary pressor responses in experimental
      hypoxic pulmonary hypertension can be attenuated by verapamil and nifedipine. In
      patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, nifedipine decreases pulmonary
      artery pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance in proportion to the severity
      of hypoxemia before treatment. However, little pulmonary vasodilator effect is
      seen when hypoxemia is corrected by inhalation of oxygen, and systemic arterial
      oxygen desaturation can occur after nifedipine in patients breathing room air;
      most importantly, long-term studies in patients with chronic lung disease are
      lacking. In selected patients with primary pulmonary hypertension and other
      obliterative diseases of the pulmonary vasculature, nifedipine produces short-
      and long-term hemodynamic improvement at rest and during exercise, and these
      benefits are frequently paralleled by amelioration of dyspnea and fatigue.
      However, in patients in whom right ventricular function has been severely
      compromised by chronic pressure overload, both verapamil and nifedipine may exert
      notable depressant effects on right ventricular performance, despite the decrease
      in right ventricular afterload that would be expected to accompany a decrease in
      pulmonary vascular resistance. These negative inotropic actions may result in
      serious deleterious clinical reactions. Although calcium-channel antagonists
      represent a promising approach to the management of patients with pulmonary
      hypertension, the long-term efficacy and safety of these drugs in this disorder
      remain to be established.

PMID- 3881915
TI  - Calcium-channel blockers in prophylaxis and treatment of asthma.
AB  - Calcium-channel blocking drugs do not induce bronchoconstriction in susceptible
      persons with cardiac disease and concomitant hyperreactive airways (such as
      asthma or chronic bronchitis). The ways in which calcium blockers might in fact
      play a beneficial role in preventing bronchoconstriction or inducing
      bronchodilation in asthma are explored. Nifedipine and verapamil have been shown
      to inhibit the bronchoconstriction provoked by exercise, histamine, methacholine
      and antigen. The potential mechanisms by which this protective effect is mediated
      -whether by direct action on tracheobronchial smooth muscle, inhibition of
      release of mediators from activated mast cells or both--are examined by reviewing
      in vitro studies of both cell systems. Calcium blockers also exhibit some
      bronchodilating activity in vitro. Early clinical trials of these drugs in
      ambulatory asthmatic patients have shown little, if any, therapeutic benefit, but
      results must be considered preliminary in view of the nature of the short-term,
      small-scale trials performed to date. Regardless of their therapeutic potential
      in obstructive lung diseases, the calcium-channel blockers offer a powerful probe
      into the role of calcium in the physiologic make-up of airways and, in
      particular, the pathophysiologic features of airway hyperreactivity.

PMID- 3881916
TI  - Calcium-channel blocking agents for gastrointestinal disorders.
AB  - Calcium-channel blocking agents have a potential role in regulation of
      gastrointestinal tract function by decreasing smooth muscle contraction and
      possibly inhibiting cellular secretion. Most studies to date have concentrated on
      the ability of these drugs to inhibit smooth muscle contraction. Verapamil and
      diltiazem have been shown in animals (opossum, baboon) to produce decreased
      contractions in esophageal smooth muscle, resulting in a decreased amplitude of
      peristalsis and decreased lower esophageal sphincter pressures. In studies in
      man, oral doses of diltiazem and nifedipine have likewise been shown to have
      similar effects on the esophagus. At present, there is no experimental evidence
      of a major antisecretory effect of these drugs. In clinical trials, nifedipine
      has been shown to have a greater effect than placebo in improving symptoms in
      patients with achalasia, and diltiazem has been suggested as potential therapy in
      patients with chest pain secondary to excessive esophageal contraction. The
      precise role for calcium-channel blocking drugs in therapy of gastrointestinal
      disease is still being explored.

PMID- 3881917
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of calcium-entry blockers.
AB  - Effective use of drugs in therapy depends not only on clinical acumen but also on
      the availability of relevant pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data. Such
      information assists in development of safe dosing regimens, prediction of
      abnormal handling of drugs in states of disease and disorder and anticipation of
      drug interactions. For the calcium-entry blocking agents now available in the
      United States (verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem), these data appeared well
      after clinical patterns of use evolved. Nonetheless, their relevance continues to
      be demonstrated by the dependence of each agent on intact liver blood flow and
      function for normal rates of elimination; by the nonlinear kinetic
      characteristics for verapamil and diltiazem (and probably for nifedipine, as
      well) and the derivative implications for decreased dosing frequency
      requirements; and by observations now appearing on the relation between plasma
      drug levels and drug effects, both therapeutic and toxic. Such data are discussed
      herein, with emphasis on those aspects that impact on the clinical use of the
      calcium-entry antagonists.

PMID- 3881918
TI  - Dynamic coronary obstruction as a cause of angina pectoris: implications
      regarding therapy.
AB  - The strong link demonstrated at autopsy between coronary atherosclerosis and
      angina pectoris led to the important concept that a fixed obstruction of 1 or
      more coronary arteries was the pathophysiologic cause of angina: myocardial
      ischemia and angina occurred when myocardial oxygen demand out-stripped the
      capacity of the diseased coronary artery to deliver oxygen. Therapeutic
      strategies were based on attempts to lower myocardial oxygen needs induced by
      physical and emotional stress. However, the finding that dynamic increases in
      coronary vascular resistance can also either precipitate ischemia or reduce the
      threshold of myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) at which it occurs has
      profoundly altered our understanding of the pathophysiologic features of angina
      and, therefore, its treatment. Dynamic coronary obstruction can occur at the
      large-vessel level, causing Prinzmetal's or variant angina. It is also possible
      that in some patients a continuum of large-vessel coronary vasoconstrictor tone
      exists, causing the common clinical situation manifested by angina with variable
      thresholds of onset. Recent studies have demonstrated that increases in the
      resistance offered to flow by small coronary arteries too small to be imaged by
      angiography can also decrease anginal threshold. The fact that ischemia can be
      precipitated by dynamic increases in large- or small-vessel coronary resistance
      has important implications for the therapy of angina pectoris. In those persons
      who mostly have a dynamic component contributing to their coronary obstruction,
      primary intervention with vasodilator therapy, including nitrates and calcium
      channel blocking agents, are probably most effective therapeutically.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3881919
TI  - Use of calcium antagonists in ventricular dysfunction.
AB  - Calcium antagonists are now widely used in a variety of cardiocirculatory
      disorders, many of which are associated with varying levels of depressed
      myocardial function. Thus, the hemodynamic effects of calcium antagonists in
      patients with normal as well as depressed ventricular function are clinically
      relevant. None of the 3 agents verapamil, nifedipine or diltiazem exerts
      significant negative inotropic effects in patients with relatively normal
      myocardial function, although increases in left ventricular end-diastolic
      pressure may occur with verapamil and possibly diltiazem. In a setting in which
      ischemia, hypertension or arrhythmias contribute to cardiac failure, all 3 agents
      may ameliorate myocardial decompensation if they reverse the precipitating
      causes. In patients with depressed myocardial function, the effects of diltiazem
      are not known; verapamil may depress myocardial function, especially if the
      ventricular filling pressure is increased. Nifedipine generally has little
      depressant action in this setting and usually improves cardiac function,
      especially if the sympathetic reflexes are intact. However, hemodynamic
      deterioration after nifedipine administration has been reported. Thus, the
      available data do not support the use of calcium antagonists as afterload
      reducing agents in heart failure and suggest caution in the use of these agents
      in patients with impaired ventricular performance.

PMID- 3881920
TI  - Continuous positive airway pressure by face mask in acute cardiogenic pulmonary
      edema.
AB  - The therapeutic efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
      administered by face mask was studied in 40 patients with acute cardiogenic
      pulmonary edema and respiratory failure. Arterial blood gas values and pH,
      systemic arterial pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate were measured during
      administration of 30% oxygen with a high-flow face mask apparatus at ambient
      airway pressure. Twenty patients were then randomly chosen to continue ambient
      airway pressure breathing and 20 received 10 cm H2O of CPAP. The measurements
      were repeated 10, 60 and 180 minutes after therapy was initiated. During the
      first 10 minutes of CPAP treatment, arterial blood oxygen partial pressure
      increased 8 +/- 9 mm Hg (mean +/- 1 standard deviation), (p less than 0.01) and
      respiratory rate decreased 5 +/- 5 breaths/min (p less than 0.001). Systolic
      arterial pressure decreased 12 +/- 21 mm Hg (p less than 0.05), and heart rate by
      10 +/- 11 beats/min (p less than 0.001). A decrease in respiratory rate by 2 +/-
      5 breaths/min (p less than 0.05) was the only change that occurred in the control
      group. The improvement in arterial blood oxygenation persisted throughout the
      investigation period (p less than 0.05). Thirteen patients (65%) in the control
      group and 7 patients (35%) in the CPAP group met our criteria for treatment
      failure during the study (p = 0.068). Thus, CPAP administered by face mask
      improves gas exchange, decreases respiratory work, unloads circulatory stress,
      and may reduce the need for ventilator treatment in acute cardiogenic pulmonary
      edema.

PMID- 3881921
TI  - Intravenous versus intracoronary streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - One hundred sixty-four consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction were
      enrolled in a prospective trial of coronary thrombolysis with streptokinase
      (STK). The first 98 patients received intracoronary (i.c.) STK after coronary
      angiography and the next 66 received a high-dose rapid infusion of STK (900,000
      IU) intravenously (i.v.) before angiography. First-pass radionuclide ejection
      fraction (EF) was performed early (within 24 hours of admission) and late (10 to
      14 days after admission) to evaluate left ventricular function. In the i.v.
      group, 42 of 66 (64%) of infarct-related arteries were patent at the initial
      angiogram and 6 (9%) opened with subsequent i.c. STK. In the i.c. group, 13 of 98
      (13%) of infarct-related arteries were patent at the initial angiogram and 50 of
      85 (59%) opened with the i.c. STK. The i.v. and i.c. groups did not differ in
      time from onset of chest pain to presentation, type of infarct or underlying
      severity of coronary artery disease. In the i.v. group, STK was begun 67 minutes
      earlier than in the i.c. group. In 62 patients in whom reperfusion was
      successful, mean EF increased from 39 +/- 11% early to 48 +/- 13% late. In 30 in
      whom it was not, the mean EF increased from 36 +/- 10% to 40 +/- 12%. The
      increase in EF was significantly greater in patients in the reperfused group (p
      less than 0.03). In 18 patients who underwent reperfusion by i.v. STK, the mean
      EF increased 11 +/- 12%, whereas in 44 patients who had reperfusion by i.c. STK,
      the mean EF increased 9 +/- 10% (difference not significant).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3881922
TI  - Multicenter low-dose amiodarone trial for "severe" ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 3881923
TI  - Epithelial cell differentiation in organotypic cultures of fetal rat lung.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to examine the suitability of an
      organotypic lung-cell culture model for the study of factors influencing fetal
      lung-cell differentiation. It has been reported that the use of carbon-stripped
      (hormone-depleted) bovine fetal calf serum in monolayer cell cultures of fetal
      rat lung prevents continued epithelial cell differentiation in vitro. In this
      study, organotypic cultures of fetal rat lung cells taken at day 20 of gestation
      (late canalicular stage) were prepared with a carbon-stripped medium. These
      organotypic cultures were examined by light, scanning, and transmission electron
      microscopy for comparison with controls prepared with unstripped bovine fetal
      calf serum. Highly organized three-dimensional tubular epithelial structures
      resembling saccules of immature lung were observed within the gelatin sponge
      matrix. Morphometric analysis of day 20 carbon-stripped samples revealed that
      74.6% of the epithelial cells in the tubular structures contained osmiophilic
      lamellar bodies characteristic of type II pneumonocytes. Control specimens had
      71.2% cells with lamellar bodies and did not differ significantly from the
      experimental group. These data are similar to those obtained with organ cultures
      of fetal rat lung but are in contrast to findings with monolayer culture systems.
      The observations of this study suggest that 1) the hormones extracted from bovine
      fetal calf serum by carbon-stripping are not solely responsible for the continued
      fetal lung cell differentiation observed in vitro, and 2) that spatial
      relationships between lung cells in vitro may be a significant factor in the
      control of differentiation.

PMID- 3881924
TI  - The effects of subject-selected high carbohydrate, low fat diets on glycemic
      control in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - In the present study, six women with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
      were assigned to begin either a control diet containing 45% of the calories as
      carbohydrate, 40% fat, and 15% protein for four weeks, or a high carbohydrate,
      low fat diet with 65% carbohydrate, 20% fat, and 15% protein for six weeks. All
      subjects completed both periods in a cross-over experimental design. Individual
      menus varied, and were subject-selected from a calculated exchange list
      consisting of conventional food items. Subjects selected an equal distribution of
      carbohydrate from simple and complex sources during both dietary periods, and
      dietary fiber intake was only modestly greater during the high carbohydrate diet
      (50 g) than in the control diet period (28 g). No significant changes occurred in
      any measures of glycemic control between the control and high carbohydrates
      diets; fasting serum glucose 215 vs 213 mg/100 ml; preprandial serum glucose 214
      vs 200 mg/100 ml; 24 hour urine glucose 36 vs 31 g/day; and glycosylated
      hemoglobin 10.3 vs 10.5% Hb A1, respectively. Similarly, insulin dose was
      unchanged during the control (38 IU/day) and experimental (38 IU/day) periods.
      These findings indicate that the application of present dietary recommendations
      to persons with IDDM in a realistic clinical setting led to neither an
      improvement nor a deterioration of glycemic control.

PMID- 3881925
TI  - Development of the digestive system: comparative animal studies.

PMID- 3881926
TI  - Infant nutrition and later achievement.

PMID- 3881927
TI  - A simultaneous assay for T-cells and B-cells using Immunobeads.
AB  - A comparison was made between a new, commercially available light microscope
      assay for T- and B-lymphocyte enumeration and existing procedures. The Quantigen
      assay employs two color-coded Immunobeads; one Immunobead binds to and labels T
      cells, while the second labels B-cells. Phagocytic cells contaminating lymphocyte
      preparations ingest both types of beads. A high degree of correlation was found
      between this simultaneous assay for T- and B-cells and the E-rosette method for T
      cells and FITC-labeling of B-cell surface immunoglobulin. The results of a
      comparison of the Quantigen assay to flow cytometric analyses are also given.
      Data on chronic lymphocytic leukemia samples are presented, demonstrating that
      these cells are double-markers with the Quantigen assay because of the use of
      monoclonal antibody T101, which recognizes T-cells and B-CLL cells.

PMID- 3881928
TI  - Serologic diagnosis of toxoplasmosis with emphasis on the detection of Toxoplasma
      specific immunoglobulin M antibodies.
AB  - Commercially available kits were used for the detection of Toxoplasma-specific
      IgM antibodies. False positive IgM results were observed in whole sera containing
      Toxoplasma-specific antibodies together with rheumatoid factor when tested by
      immunofluorescence (IFA). False negative IgM results occurred in whole sera
      containing competing levels of Toxoplasma-specific IgG antibodies, as indicated
      by the IFA:IgM-M ratio. False positive and false negative IgM results often
      occurred when whole sera were tested. These false reactions were eliminated by
      fractioning IgM from IgG using the Isolab's IgM Isolation System. All five sera
      in this study with an IFA titer to Toxoplasma of greater than or equal to
      1:16,384 also contained Toxoplasma-specific IgM antibodies. This suggests that
      sera with high titers to Toxoplasma should be tested for Toxoplasma-specific IgM
      antibodies.

PMID- 3881929
TI  - Distribution of patients' test values and applicability of "average of normals"
      method to quality-control of radioimmunoassays.
AB  - Applicability of the Hoffmann's average of normals (Mn) method was evaluated in
      quality control (QC) of radioimmunoassays (RIA) for thyroxine, 3,5,3'-tri
      iodothyronine, thyrotropin, and insulin--assays that are performed routinely in
      the authors' laboratory. In the first three RIAs, the patterns of the
      distributions were almost constant and Mn showed significant correlations with
      values of QC sera and intercepts of the dose-response curve. In insulin RIA, the
      patterns varied appreciably and Mn showed correlations with parameters that
      reflect a disturbance in the distribution. Exclusion of assays with abnormal
      distributions, however, resulted in better correlations of Mn with other QC
      parameters. These results suggest that average of normals method can be a very
      useful adjunct to conventional QC methods for RIA. The possibility that the
      method may be affected by a disturbance in the distribution can be monitored by
      computation of parameters reflecting such disturbance.

PMID- 3881930
TI  - Endotoxinemia and thrombocytopenia during neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.
AB  - Thrombocytopenia frequently complicates neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
      and has been postulated to result from absorption of bacterial endotoxins from
      the injured gut. The authors tested blood obtained during 47 episodes of NEC for
      endotoxin-like activity (ELA), using a Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and found
      23 patients (49%) had positive results. Concentrations of ELA in plasma ranged
      from 0.26 to 300 ng/mL of Escherichia coli equivalent activity, with a geometric
      mean of 1.1 ng/mL. Serial platelet measurements were available from 40 infants,
      11 (28%) of whom had nadir counts below 100,000/mm3 following NEC onset. Nine of
      19 infants (47%) with ELA in plasma and only 2 of 21 without (9.5%, P less than
      0.05) developed thrombocytopenia, suggesting that endotoxinemia may indeed
      contribute to platelet depletion during NEC.

PMID- 3881931
TI  - Tracheal agenesis in infants with VATER association.
AB  - Four newborns had tracheal agenesis and numerous features of the VATER (vertebral
      defects, imperforate anus, tracheoesophageal fistula, and radial and renal
      dysplasia) association. Forty-two additional reported cases of tracheal agenesis
      have been reviewed to establish whether this defect usually occurs in association
      with other VATER abnormalities. Since tracheal agenesis usually is accompanied by
      other VATER-associated defects and since similar abnormalities in embryological
      mechanisms and timing are implicated, according to current theories of
      development, we propose that tracheal agenesis should be considered a component
      of the VATER association.

PMID- 3881932
TI  - Improving compliance with antibiotic regimens for otitis media. Randomized
      clinical trial in a pediatric clinic.

PMID- 3881933
TI  - Effects of propranolol on portal hemodynamics in patients with chronic liver
      disease.
AB  - To elucidate the mechanism by which propranolol reportedly affects portal
      hemodynamics, we investigated the effect of propranolol on systemic and
      splanchnic hemodynamics in 15 patients with portal hypertension and esophageal
      varices by simultaneous catheterization of the portal vein and the right hepatic
      vein and measurement of portal venous flow using an ultrasound doppler system.
      Infusion of 5 mg of propranolol significantly decreased pulse rate (-12.6%),
      cardiac output (-24.5%), portal venous flow (-22.3%), portal venous pressure (
      13.3%), and gradient between portal venous pressure and free hepatic venous
      pressure (-24.8%). Thus, propranolol seems to decrease portal venous pressure by
      reducing portal venous flow, at least in part, as a result of reduction of
      cardiac output due to its beta 1 adrenergic receptor blocking action.

PMID- 3881934
TI  - Lidamidine hydrochloride. American College of Gastroenterology Committee on FDA
      Related Matters.

PMID- 3881935
TI  - Transplantation versus dialysis in diabetic patients with renal failure.
AB  - Studies suggesting that transplantation is better than dialysis for diabetic
      patients with renal failure may be biased by the more favorable pretreatment
      prognosis of transplanted patients. Therefore, to provide a fairer comparison we
      controlled for pretreatment clinical state, categorized treatment received, and
      assessed mortality, major morbid events, and hospitalization in 51 diabetic
      patients who began therapy between 1970 and 1980. Fourteen patients were treated
      by transplantation and 37 by dialysis. The mean waiting period for
      transplantation was 5 months. The average age of transplanted patients was 40.9
      years and of dialyzed patients 59.6 years. When we controlled for this age
      disparity and other factors (duration of diabetes and heart failure) that affect
      prognosis in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the mortality with both
      transplantation and dialysis was similar to that expected from the overall
      mortality rate of the 51 study patients. Treatment received had no effect on
      mortality; the observed deaths compared with deaths expected from pretreatment
      status were 8 and 7.3 for transplantation and 30 and 30.7 for dialysis. We also
      compared major morbid events (blindness, amputation, stroke, severe heart
      failure, and myocardial infarction) and hospitalization in transplanted patients
      with the 24 dialyzed patients who survived long enough (5 months) to be eligible
      for transplantation. The number of major morbid events was 2.7 per 10 patient
      years in the transplanted group and 3.4 in the dialyzed group. Hospitalization
      was 151.3 d/yr in transplanted patients and 55.6 d/yr in dialyzed patients (P
      less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3881936
TI  - Twenty-five years of behavioral toxicology within occupational medicine: a
      personal account.
AB  - Decisive for my long-term involvement in behavioral toxicology were the hours
      spent in interviewing and testing patients with occupational poisonings during
      the first years of my career as a clinical psychologist within the framework of
      occupational medicine. Important auxiliary factors were the innovative and
      inspiring scientific climate at our Institute, and the supportive kind of
      scientific education provided by this environment during the years. It has been
      rewarding and exciting to follow the international progress of behavioral
      toxicology. Advances in this special domain of research were and are partly
      related to advances in occupational epidemiology and toxicology, in
      neurotoxicology and other allied disciplines, as well as to advances in other
      branches of psychology. But the major challenge to behavioral toxicology during
      the first decades of its existence has been finding its place and role within
      these disciplines. Important challenges for the next decades are defining further
      the exposure-effect relationships as a basis for the standard setting, extending
      the surveillance of neurotoxic hazards to the developing countries, and searching
      for better understanding of the practical significance o neurobehavioral effects,
      eg, from the point of view of the afflicted individual. To realize these aims,
      further efforts are needed to coordinate the field of behavioral toxicology and
      to augment communication between those immediately involved.

PMID- 3881937
TI  - Landmark article in occupational medicine. Forty years in the poisonous trades.
      American Industrial Hygiene Association Quarterly, April 1948. By Alice Hamilton.

PMID- 3881938
TI  - Exacerbation of coronary artery disease by occupational carbon monoxide exposure:
      a report to two fatalities and a review of the literature.
AB  - The recent deaths of two workers with coronary artery disease (CAD) following
      exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) at work reinforced our appreciation of the
      hazard of this exposure to individuals with preexisting heart disease. Carbon
      monoxide acts to precipitate ischemia by reducing oxygen delivery to the
      myocardium. Animal and in vitro experiments suggest that CO may accelerate the
      development of atherosclerosis, particularly if exposure is in association with
      other risk factors. Thus, persons with known CAD who are exposed to CO at work
      are at risk for both the acceleration of the course of the underlying disease and
      for precipitation of acute ischemia or infarction following excessive exposure.
      Particular attention should be given to control of CO exposures in light of this
      hazard. For various reasons, preplacement evaluations or other job selection
      procedures do not adequately address his hazard. In view of the high prevalence
      of CAD in the U.S. and the high frequency of workplace exposure to CO, particular
      attention should be given to control of CO exposure through industrial hygiene
      measures.

PMID- 3881940
TI  - Myeloproliferative disorders in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with
      total body irradiation.
AB  - Four patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis were treated with total body
      irradiation administered in two sittings, 300 to 400 rads to each half of the
      body. All four patients had taken antimetabolites prior to receiving total body
      irradiation, and two continued to use them after total body irradiation. Two
      patients had taken alkylating agents before, and one had used them after total
      body irradiation. All patients showed clinical improvement. However, in two
      patients myeloproliferative disorders developed: a myelodysplastic preleukemia at
      40 months after total body irradiation in one and acute myelogenous leukemia at
      25 months in the other. Total body irradiation differs from total nodal
      irradiation in the total dose of irradiation (300 to 400 rads versus 2,000 to
      3,000), and in the duration of the therapy (two sittings versus treatment over
      several weeks to months). Furthermore, the patients in the total body irradiation
      study frequently used cytotoxic drugs before and/or after irradiation, whereas in
      one total nodal irradiation study, azathioprine (2 mg/kg per day or less) was
      permitted, but no other cytotoxic agents were allowed. Rheumatologists may
      therefore face a binding decision when deciding to treat a patient with
      rheumatoid arthritis with either a cytotoxic drug or irradiation.

PMID- 3881939
TI  - Neoplasms of the immune system in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Two studies are reported of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The first was a
      retrospective-prospective-prospective study and comprised a cohort of 489
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis followed for a mean of 12.2 years.
      Lymphoproliferative malignancies developed in 10 patients (2.2 percent) after a
      mean interval of 11.8 years. The second was a study of 30 patients, from various
      centers in England, with rheumatoid arthritis and lymphoproliferative
      malignancies. The effects of chronicity of rheumatoid arthritis, drug therapy,
      and possible predisposing factors in the etiology of the lymphoproliferative
      malignancies were examined. Cytotoxic drugs could not be implicated in the
      pathogenesis of the lymphoproliferative malignancies, but phenylbutazone and D
      penicillamine may have played a role in some cases. Current evidence supports the
      hypothesis that chronic synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with
      persistent activation of lymphocytes in lymph nodes and eventual malignant
      transformation in some cases.

PMID- 3881941
TI  - Pharmaco-epidemiology--drugs, arthritis, and neoplasms: industry contribution to
      the data.
AB  - The real possibility that exogenous chemicals, including pharmaceuticals,
      increase risk of cancer is not a surprise. Epidemiologic systems to monitor
      exposure, as well as risk with or without such exposure, have been very hard to
      develop and very expensive to implement, and often have yielded ambiguous or
      questionably useful findings. The pharmaceutical industry is rising to the
      challenge of this situation, with attention to epidemiologic responsibilities and
      potential contributions deriving from them. This paper reviews the overall
      methodologic and public policy context surrounding pharmaco-epidemiology in the
      1980s and then depicts an evolving program in pharmaco-epidemiology at one
      company, Burroughs Wellcome, as an example of one possible contributor. It
      discusses the company's epidemiologic approach to the question of association
      between treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, one of which is
      manufactured by Burroughs Wellcome Company (Imuran brand azathioprine) and a
      possible increased risk of neoplasms in patients receiving these drugs as
      treatment for their rheumatoid arthritis. The paper will highlight specific
      epidemiologic applications of data bases derived from the published literature as
      well as voluntary reporting to industry. It will describe a proactive program in
      the development and conduct of epidemiologic studies to address these difficult
      problems.

PMID- 3881942
TI  - Relationship of blood pressure response and the renin-angiotensin system to first
      dose prazosin.
AB  - It has been reported that the first-dose response to prazosin is more common in
      patients who are salt-depleted or already receiving beta blockers. The
      relationship between the first-dose blood pressure and plasma renin responses to
      oral administration of 1 mg prazosin in 13 (seven male, six female) patients with
      essential hypertension (average blood pressure = 150/100 +/- 5/2 mm Hg) was
      studied. Eight of 13 patients experienced marked orthostatic decreases in blood
      pressure associated with nausea and dizziness. The degree of the orthostatic
      depressor response was inversely correlated with the baseline plasma renin
      activity (p less than 0.005). This unique sensitivity of low-renin essential
      hypertension to prazosin may reflect an underlying increased alpha tone and/or an
      attendant blunted renin reactivity in this form of human essential hypertension.

PMID- 3881943
TI  - Multicenter collaborative evaluation of a standardized serum bactericidal test as
      a prognostic indicator in infective endocarditis.
AB  - One hundred twenty-nine patients with bacterial endocarditis were evaluated in a
      multicenter collaborative study to determine whether a standardized serum
      bactericidal test could predict the outcome of the infection. All centers used a
      microdilution test method that defined all known test variables, including
      inoculum size, culture medium, dilution technique, incubation time, method of
      subculture, and bactericidal endpoint. Peak serum bactericidal titers of 1:64 or
      more and trough serum bactericidal titers of 1:32 or more predicted bacteriologic
      cure in all patients. The traditionally recommended serum bactericidal titer of
      1:8 had statistically significant predictive accuracy at trough antibiotic levels
      only. The serum bactericidal test was a poor predictor of bacteriologic failure
      and ultimate clinical outcome, which depends on many factors. Wider recognition
      by physicians and clinical microbiologists that this in vitro test of
      antimicrobial activity can accurately predict bacteriologic success but cannot
      accurately predict either bacteriologic failure or clinical outcome could lead to
      a better consensus about its appropriate use. On the basis of the results of this
      study, peak serum bactericidal titers of 1:64 or more and trough serum
      bactericidal titers of 1:32 or more are recommended to provide optimal medical
      therapy for infective endocarditis.

PMID- 3881944
TI  - Examination of medical professions for counseling on medication adherence.
AB  - The abilities of 68 professional staff members (physicians, physician assistants,
      dietitians, nurses, and counselors) from 12 clinics of the Coronary Primary
      Prevention Trial of the Lipid Research Clinics Program in 28 specific skills
      fundamental to interviewing and counseling for medication adherence were
      examined. Each staff member was provided with confidential data regarding his or
      her abilities, and each clinic's trial director received the group data for his
      or her staff's possession and use of these skills. Analyses of trial-wide data
      showed substantial differences among clinics in possession and use of the skills,
      with overall greater strength in interviewing skills, as compared with assessment
      and counseling skills. No professional group consistently possessed most or
      fewest of these skills. It is suggested that trained non-physician personnel
      could be used to complement physician efforts to counsel patients for medication
      adherence.

PMID- 3881945
TI  - Acute severe mitral regurgitation. Pathophysiology, clinical recognition, and
      management.
AB  - Acute severe mitral regurgitation often goes unrecognized as an emergency
      requiring prompt, lifesaving treatment. Its causes, physical signs, natural
      history, echocardiographic features, and findings on chest roentgenography,
      electrocardiography, and nuclear scintigraphic scanning are reviewed. Acute
      severe mitral insufficiency can be differentiated from chronic severe mitral
      insufficiency by noninvasive two-dimensional echocardiography. M-mode
      echocardiography is a valuable tool in evaluating mitral prosthetic paravalvular
      regurgitation.

PMID- 3881946
TI  - Review of the clinical pharmacology of the monobactam antibiotic aztreonam.
AB  - Serum and urine levels of aztreonam after 0.5, 1, and 2 g doses are potentially
      therapeutic for susceptible gram-negative organisms. Aztreonam is widely
      distributed in body fluids and tissues, and concentrations exceeding the minimal
      inhibitory concentrations of important gram-negative pathogens are attained in
      those compartments in which infections are most common. Aztreonam is eliminated
      primarily in the urine in unchanged form, although it is also secreted into the
      bile and is metabolized to a minor extent. Renal insufficiency may significantly
      impair the elimination of aztreonam, thus requiring modification of the dosage
      regimen. The monobactam can be cleared by hemodialysis but is only minimally
      cleared by peritoneal dialysis. Parenterally and orally administered aztreonam
      can selectively reduce the population of aerobic gram-negative bacteria in the
      gut without notably altering the number of anaerobic organisms.

PMID- 3881947
TI  - Treatment with aztreonam or tobramycin in critical care patients with nosocomial
      gram-negative pneumonia.
AB  - During the course of one year, 47 critical care patients with gram-negative
      bacillary pneumonia at Millard Fillmore Hospital were randomly assigned to
      aztreonam or tobramycin therapy (two to one). Of these, 40 were fully evaluable
      for microbiologic and clinical response. All evaluable patients had gram-negative
      organisms in tracheal aspirate culture specimens and confirmed susceptibility of
      the organism to both study drugs. There was no difference between the two groups
      with respect to the percentage of patients who received concurrent antibiotics
      for gram-positive organisms. More than 60 percent of the patients received
      mechanical ventilation. Essentially, all had new lung infiltrates as shown by
      chest radiography, leukocytosis, recent onset of fever, and increased volume of
      purulent secretions. Half had multilobar pulmonary infiltrates. Their mean age
      was 73 years, with none under age 50. Most had chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease, congestive heart failure, or both. By the prognostic nutritional index
      criteria, over 70 percent were nutritionally deficient at entry. The majority of
      infections were caused by Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Escherichia
      coli. Aztreonam eradicated 92 percent of the causative gram-negative organisms,
      compared with 57 percent for tobramycin (p less than 0.05). Aztreonam produced a
      favorable clinical response (cure or improvement) in 93 percent of patients,
      compared with 50 percent for tobramycin (p less than 0.05). There were no
      differences in the minor adverse effects observed in the two treatment groups.
      Overall, aztreonam was superior to tobramycin for treatment of pneumonia due to
      susceptible gram-negative bacteria in these critical care patients.

PMID- 3881948
TI  - Aztreonam in the treatment of urinary tract infection.
AB  - The possible advantages of the monobactam antibiotic aztreonam in the treatment
      of hospital-acquired urinary tract infection were assessed in a study comparing
      aztreonam (0.5 to 1 g twice daily or three times daily) to cefamandole (1 g three
      times daily) in 159 patients. Initial pathogens were eradicated in 91.7 percent
      of the patients of the aztreonam group who were treated three times daily, in
      82.7 percent of the group treated twice daily, and in 78.3 percent of the
      patients receiving cefamandole. Reinfection and superinfection were most commonly
      caused by enterococci in the aztreonam groups and by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in
      the cefamandole group. In a second study, 35 patients infected with organisms
      resistant to other antibiotics were treated with aztreonam 1 to 6 g per day for
      eight days. The overall cure rates were 93 percent for Pseudomonas infections,
      87.5 percent for Escherichia coli infections, and 100 percent for other
      pathogens.

PMID- 3881949
TI  - Aztreonam in the treatment of serious orthopedic infections.
AB  - Aztreozam was evaluated in the treatment of a variety of orthopedic infections.
      Included were 17 patients with osteomyelitis, three with purulent arthropathy
      with prostheses, and 16 with superficial infections secondary to trauma or
      surgical procedure. Pathogens were gram-negative bacilli sensitive to aztreonam.
      Concomitant antibiotics were administered for gram-positive cocci that were
      present initially or by superinfection. Infecting organisms included Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa (minimal inhibitory concentration 4 to 16 micrograms/ml), Serratia
      marcescens, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter sakazakii, Morganella morganii,
      Citrobacter freundii, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus rettgeri, Acinetobacter
      calcoaceticus and others (all with minimal inhibitory concentrations less than
      1.0 microgram/ml). Dosage of aztreonam was 2 to 8 g per day administered
      intravenously or intramuscularly for five to 52 days. Clinical and bacteriologic
      responses were adequate in all instances. Recurrences were observed in two
      individuals with osteomyelitis and one with purulent arthropathy. Adverse
      clinical or laboratory observations were infrequent and inconsequential.

PMID- 3881950
TI  - Aztreonam: worldwide overview of the treatment of patients with gram-negative
      infections.
AB  - Multicenter trials were conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of
      aztreonam in the treatment of patients with gram-negative bacterial infections. A
      total of 2,821 patients were treated; 2,117 received aztreonam and 704 received
      control antibiotics. All patients were evaluated for safety and 1,180 of those
      treated with aztreonam and 428 treated with the control drugs met the criteria
      for efficacy evaluation. The number of patients treated with aztreonam who were
      evaluable for efficacy and their microbiologic response rates were: urinary tract
      infections, 443 (82 percent); lower respiratory tract infections, 217 (79
      percent); septicemia, 63 (98 percent); skin/skin structure infections, 136 (88
      percent); intra-abdominal infections, 47 (85 percent); postpartum/gynecologic
      infections, 21 (100 percent); bone and joint infections, 12 (100 percent); acute
      uncomplicated gonorrhea, 209 (97 percent); and acute uncomplicated cystitis, 56
      (84 percent). Adverse reactions were qualitatively similar to those reported for
      beta-lactam antibiotics, i.e., mild gastrointestinal upset, rash, eosinophilia,
      or transient increase in hepatic enzyme parameters. There was an apparent lack of
      adverse effects on kidney, inner ear, and blood coagulation system. The most
      frequent adverse effect was phlebitis at infusion site (2.4 percent of patients).
      Superinfections and colonization with new organisms occurred in 9.4 percent of
      aztreonam-treated patients and in 7.4 percent of control drug-treated patients;
      only 40 percent of patients in each group, approximately 4 percent of all
      patients receiving aztreonam and 3 percent of those receiving control
      antibiotics, required specific therapy for the superinfection. Overall, results
      indicated that aztreonam is a safe and effective antibiotic in the treatment of
      aerobic gram-negative infections, when used either as monotherapy or in
      combination with other antibiotics.

PMID- 3881951
TI  - Orthostatic hypotension: a posture-induced hyperdopaminergic state.
AB  - To explore the role of dopaminergic mechanisms in orthostatic hypotension we
      compared the postural responses of 20 such patients to those of a control group
      by radioenzymatic determination of free and sulfated catecholamines and related
      indices. Patients with orthostatic hypotension, unlike control subjects,
      experienced an increase in total plasma dopamine (DA) (free + sulfate) in
      response to upright posture (p less than 0.01). Of the 20 patients with
      orthostatic hypotension, 16 were normo- or hyperadrenergic with normal basal and
      posture-responsive or hyperresponsive plasma free and total norepinephrine (NE).
      The other 4 were hypoadrenergic with low basal and posture-unresponsive NE.
      Hypoadrenergic patients had, in the upright position, no increase in pulse rate
      and more severe hypotension, less diuresis and natriuresis, lower urinary free
      and total DA, lower total NE excretion, and higher plasma and urinary total
      DA:total NE ratio than normo- or hyperadrenergic patients or control subjects.
      Normo- or hyperadrenergic patients had higher PRA and plasma aldosterone in the
      upright position than hypoadrenergic patients or control subjects (all p less
      than 0.05). We suggest that an excessive increase in free DA occurs in response
      to upright posture, perhaps representing a compensatory reaction of the remaining
      autonomic nervous system to an excessive fall in blood pressure. The free
      dopamine may be biologically active but it is so rapidly sulfoconjugated that it
      can be detected only as DA sulfate. These findings, combined with reports of
      orthostatic hypotension precipitated by administration of dopaminomimetic drugs
      and relieved by administration of dopaminergic antagonists, are consistent with
      the interpretation that excessive DA release may perpetuate, by its vasodilating
      and natriuretic action, the orthostatic hypotension.

PMID- 3881952
TI  - Reversal of Bartter's syndrome by renal transplantation in a child with focal,
      segmental glomerular sclerosis.
AB  - A four-year-old girl with growth failure and clinical and laboratory evidence of
      Bartter's syndrome responded to indomethacin treatment with decreased urinary
      prostaglandin excretion, symptomatic and chemical improvement, and accelerated
      growth. Large doses of aspirin produced a comparable decrease in prostaglandin
      excretion but no improvement in any other metabolic abnormality thus suggesting
      that abnormalities in prostaglandins were the result rather than the cause of the
      electrolyte abnormalities. Progressive renal insufficiency while on indomethacin
      prompted a renal biopsy, which revealed morphological changes of focal, segmental
      glomerular sclerosis. Subsequently, the child underwent renal transplantation
      with complete resolution of symptoms and abnormal metabolic findings. This
      observation suggests that extrarenal factors were not responsible for the
      development of Bartter's syndrome in this child.

PMID- 3881953
TI  - Cerebral blood flow autoregulation and hypertension.
AB  - Hypertension and antihypertensive therapy have clinically important effects on
      cerebral blood flow. The autoregulatory changes that occur with chronic arterial
      hypertension should influence the clinician's choice of antihypertensive agents
      and the rapidity with which the blood pressure is lowered in order to avoid
      symptoms of focal or global cerebral hypoperfusion.

PMID- 3881954
TI  - Deletions of the long arm of chromosome 6: two new cases and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Seven terminal deletions and four interstitial deletions of 6q have been
      reported. We present the clinical and cytogenetic findings of these cases and of
      two new patients with different interstitial deletions of 6q. Although there are
      too few cases of interstitial deletions to identify one or more clinical
      syndromes associated with monosomies of the more proximal regions of 6q, a
      terminal 6q deletion syndrome is proposed. Its major components are microcephaly
      with mental retardation, strabismus, apparently low-set malformed ears, a broad
      nasal bridge, micrognathia, apparently short neck, congenital heart defect,
      abnormal palmar creases, and various hand abnormalities.

PMID- 3881955
TI  - Deletion of the long arm of the Y chromosome and review of Y chromosome
      abnormalities.
AB  - We report on a patient whose karyotype is 45,X/46,X,del(Y) (pter----q11.212). We
      also present a review of literature on the Y chromosome in which evidence is
      presented that there are genes on the Y chromosome that prevent Ullrich-Turner
      syndrome manifestations; aid in testes maturation and spermatogenesis; and affect
      height, tooth size, and bone maturation.

PMID- 3881956
TI  - Introduction to the study of pre- and postnatal growth in humans: a review.
AB  - This review is divided in several items. A brief introduction on the
      characterization of the growth processes is made; the ways of assessing fetal
      development and well-being, the factors acting on fetal growth and birth weight,
      the causes and post-natal consequences of prematurity and intrauterine growth
      retardation are discussed in the first part. The following items deal mainly
      with: the normal pattern of growth from birth to puberty according to sex, race,
      and nutritional status, with special mention to pubertal changes; methods for
      predicting adult height from skeletal age; the effect of hormones during pre- and
      post-natal life; and the genetics of adult stature. The remainder of this review
      deals with genetic causes of growth abnormalities. Constitutional delay of
      growth, familial short stature, hypothalamic-pituitary dwarfism, skeletal
      dysplasias and many genetic syndromes presenting intrauterine growth retardation
      are listed. Aneuploidy effects on human growth are extensively reviewed, and
      usual growth patterns in Down and Ullrich-Turner syndrome patients as well as
      other sex aneuploid individuals and mosaics are fully described. The influences
      of X and Y chromosomes on growth and maturation are also discussed. Finally, some
      remarks are made about overgrowth syndromes.

PMID- 3881958
TI  - Response to pneumococcal vaccine in renal allograft recipients.
AB  - Pneumococcal vaccine, 14-valent, was administered to 75 stable adult renal
      transplant patients on maintenance immunosuppression. 32 had undergone
      splenectomy prior to transplantation and 43 had not. Functional opsonizing
      antibody was measured by chemiluminescence methodology for types 12F and 14,
      contained in the vaccine, and for type 5, a control strain. Serum was examined
      prior to and at 1 and 6 months after vaccine injection. 33, 71, and 35% of
      transplant patients had preexisting antibody to types 5, 12F, and 14,
      respectively, as compared to 58, 87, and 68% of controls. No differences were
      observed in nonsplenectomized versus splenectomized patients. Following
      immunization, 59 and 76% of antibody-negative patients converted to positive for
      pneumococcus type 12F and 14. These included 70 and 70% for nonsplenectomized
      patients as compared to 50 and 84% for those splenectomized. Vaccination did not
      result in the production of opsonizing antibody for the related type 5
      pneumococcus. Pneumococcal vaccine generates functional antibody and is safe in
      renal transplant patients.

PMID- 3881957
TI  - Clinical and immunological follow-up of patients with severe renal disease in
      Wegener's granulomatosis.
AB  - Clinical and immunological data are reported of 12 patients suffering from
      Wegener's granulomatosis and severe renal involvement. Although 9 patients
      recovered from their acute illness, a long-term follow-up a relapse occurred in 4
      of these 9 patients. Therefore, lifelong follow-up in this group patients seems
      to be mandatory. Extensive immunological investigations did not provide evidence
      for humoral mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of this disease; T lymphocyte
      subsets in peripheral blood as well as functional reactivity of lymphocytes in
      vitro were also normal. However, none of the patients was able to mount a primary
      cellular immune response in vivo. On the other hand, kidney biopsy specimens
      obtained before the initiation of drug therapy revealed periglomerular and
      interstitial cellular infiltrations consisting predominantly of T lymphocytes
      with a ratio Leu 3a (OKT4)/Leu 2a (OKT8) of 5:1. This may indicate that a type IV
      (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction takes place in the kidney. These
      findings suggest that an abnormal cellular immunoreactivity plays a major role in
      the pathogenesis of Wegener's granulomatosis.

PMID- 3881959
TI  - Protein binding of disopyramide and elevated alpha-1-acid glycoprotein
      concentrations in serum obtained from dialysis patients and renal transplant
      recipients.
AB  - A rapid ultrafiltration technique was used to measure the free (unbound) fraction
      of disopyramide in serum obtained from 14 normal volunteers, 6 chronic
      hemodialysis patients, and 10 renal transplant recipients. The disopyramide-free
      fraction varied more than tenfold at a corresponding total (free plus bound)
      serum disopyramide concentration of 3 micrograms/ml and was related to the
      concentration of an acute-phase protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG), in
      patient serum. Moreover, disopyramide-free fraction values were nearly twofold
      lower than normal in serum specimens obtained from those renal patients and
      transplant recipients with corresponding AAG serum concentrations greater than
      100 mg/100 ml. AAG concentrations varied tenfold in patient serum and were on
      average nearly three times higher than AAG concentrations in normal volunteer
      serum. These findings suggested that the free fraction of disopyramide and
      possibly other drugs which bind extensively to AAG may be lower, and the
      interpatient variability in drug binding may be much more pronounced in serum
      obtained from hemodialysis patients and transplant recipients than previously
      recognized.

PMID- 3881960
TI  - Differential symptom response to parenteral estrogen and/or androgen
      administration in the surgical menopause.
AB  - The investigation of estrogen and/or androgen administration on physical and
      psychological symptoms in the surgical menopause was carried out in a
      prospective, double-blind, crossover design. When patients who received either a
      combined estrogen-androgen drug or androgen alone were compared with those who
      received estrogen alone or placebo, energy level, well-being, and appetite were
      increased (p less than 0.01). The androgen-containing preparations also induced
      lower somatic, psychological, and total scores on the menopausal index. Superior
      functioning in the androgen-treated groups occurred in association with higher
      plasma testosterone levels during the treatment phases (p less than 0.01). These
      data suggest that reduced levels of circulating testosterone subsequent to
      bilateral oophorectomy may play an important role in the development of physical
      and psychological symptoms that are frequent sequelae of this surgical procedure.

PMID- 3881961
TI  - Chorionic villi sampling: clinical experience, immediate complications, and
      patient attitudes.
AB  - To develop chorionic villi sampling as a procedure for prenatal diagnosis, a
      pilot study was undertaken to perfect the obstetric and laboratory techniques, to
      evaluate our success with the procedure in continuing pregnancies, and to assess
      the attitudes of potential users of the procedure. Women about to have elective
      first-trimester abortions for nongenetic reasons were enrolled in the first phase
      of the study. Of the patients with a positive pregnancy test, 12.4% were found to
      have a nonviable pregnancy on ultrasound examination. Samples adequate for
      cytogenetic analysis were obtained in 130 of the 155 remaining cases, and the
      success rate was 93% in the 100 most recent cases. Direct cytogenetic analysis
      was undertaken in those cases successfully sampled, and karyotypes could be
      prepared in 97%. Immediate complications occurred in 5% of the pregnancies. Eight
      women at risk of bearing a child with a genetic defect had diagnostic chorionic
      villi sampling. Cytogenetic analysis was performed successfully on all of them.
      One had an induced abortion following the procedure because of the fetal
      diagnosis (a male with a 50% risk of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy). The other
      pregnancies are continuing uneventfully at 22 to 35 weeks' gestation. Finally,
      from preliminary analysis of our survey of potential users it appears that women
      35 years old or over would prefer chorionic villi sampling to amniocentesis if
      the risks of the sampling were known to be low.

PMID- 3881962
TI  - Longitudinal measurements of fetal breathing, body movements, heart rate, and
      heart rate accelerations and decelerations at 24 to 32 weeks of gestation.
AB  - Fetal breathing, fetal body movements, fetal heart rate, and fetal heart rate
      accelerations and decelerations were studied longitudinally in healthy fetuses
      between 24 and 32 weeks' gestation in the second and third hour following an 800
      kcal maternal meal. The expected increase in fetal breathing following a maternal
      meal was not seen until fetuses were at 30 to 32 weeks' gestation. The number of
      body movements decreased and the interaction between body movements and fetal
      heart rate accelerations became more evident as fetuses became older. Fetal heart
      rate decelerations increased with gestational age, and the relative proportion of
      total decelerations that were either associated with body movements or were part
      of a deceleration/acceleration/deceleration complex increased from 24 to 32
      weeks' gestation. The data support the hypothesis that gestational age is an
      important variable to consider when interpreting biophysical measurements in the
      human fetus at 24 to 32 weeks' gestation. Fetal body movements may be the single
      most important measurement of fetal health at these gestational ages.

PMID- 3881963
TI  - The variability of fetal breathing movements in normal human fetuses at term.
AB  - With the use of a B-scan phase-locked tracking system, 108 observations of fetal
      breathing were performed on 97 normal antenatal patients at term. One hundred
      thirty-three recorded segments of fetal breathing movements were obtained. Breath
      to-breath variability was analyzed in 79 segments and expressed as a coefficient
      of variability. The mean coefficient of variability was 28.6% +/- 13.2%, and a
      histogram plot revealed a normal distribution. All fetuses had normal antepartum
      testing and all Apgar scores and neonatal courses were normal. The potential
      application of human fetal breathing variability as a test for fetal health is
      discussed.

PMID- 3881964
TI  - The role of ultrasound assessment of amniotic fluid volume in the management of
      the postdate pregnancy.
AB  - Antepartum assessments of amniotic fluid volumes and their relationship to
      nonstress test patterns and pregnancy outcomes were retrospectively analyzed in
      234 postdate pregnancies. The incidence of clinical oligohydramnios and a
      nonstress test revealing fetal heart rate deceleration or bradycardia was found
      to increase as the sonographic estimates of the amniotic fluid volume decreased.
      Furthermore, the postdate pregnancy with sonographic evidence of an adequate
      amniotic fluid volume had a significantly better perinatal outcome than the
      pregnancy without an adequate fluid volume. These results suggest that the
      postdate pregnancy with evidence of reduced amniotic fluid volume should be
      considered for a trial of labor with continuous electronic fetal monitoring.

PMID- 3881965
TI  - The accuracy of estimated gestational age based on ultrasound measurement of
      biparietal diameter in preterm premature rupture of the membranes.
AB  - The management of patients with preterm premature rupture of the membranes is
      often influenced by the ultrasound measurement of biparietal diameter. The
      cephalic index has been used in pregnancies with intact membranes to predict the
      presence of an abnormal biparietal diameter that may be unreliable in estimating
      gestational age. This study analyzed 100 patients with rupture of the membranes
      between the beginning of gestation week 28 and the end of week 34. The cephalic
      index was found to be abnormal 45% of the time; all were in the brachiocephalic
      range. The biparietal diameter was affected by presentation and presence or
      absence of amniotic fluid (p less than 0.05). Use of the biparietal diameter was
      found to be unreliable in estimating gestational age with preterm premature
      rupture of the membranes. Use of the cephalic index did not enable prediction of
      which biparietal diameters would be abnormal; therefore use of the biparietal
      diameter or the cephalic index in preterm premature rupture of the membranes is
      not recommended. The use of the head circumference, abdominal circumference, and
      femur measurements may be a better way of predicting gestational age in this
      select population.

PMID- 3881966
TI  - Estimation of fetal weight with the use of head, body, and femur measurements--a
      prospective study.
AB  - In utero estimates of fetal weight were evaluated prospectively in 109 fetuses
      with the use of sonographic models developed in a previous study. This report
      confirms that the best in utero weight estimates result from the use of models
      based on measurements of head size, abdominal size, and femur length. Since the
      accuracy of these models (1 SD = 7.5%) is significantly better than those based
      on measurements of head and body (e.g., biparietal diameter, abdominal
      circumference), we recommend routine use of such models in obstetric sonography.

PMID- 3881967
TI  - Fetal assessment based on fetal biophysical profile scoring: experience in 12,620
      referred high-risk pregnancies. I. Perinatal mortality by frequency and etiology.
AB  - Fetal biophysical profile scoring was used as a method for antepartum fetal risk
      assessment in 12,620 high-risk patients referred in a 55-month interval. A total
      of 26,257 tests were performed on these patients (range, one to 18 tests per
      patient). Ninety-three perinatal deaths occurred (gross perinatal mortality rate,
      7.37 per 1000) of which 62 (66.6%) were due to a major anomaly, seven were due to
      Rh disease (7.5%), and the remaining 24 deaths (25.8%) occurred in structurally
      normal fetuses. The corrected perinatal mortality rate was 1.90 per 1000. Eight
      structurally normal fetuses died within 1 week of a normal test result (corrected
      false negative rate, 0.634 per 1000). These data suggest fetal biophysical
      profile scoring is an accurate method for identification of the fetus at risk for
      perinatal death.

PMID- 3881968
TI  - Is prostaglandin E2 really of therapeutic value for postoperative urinary
      retention? Results of a prospectively randomized double-blind study.
AB  - In a prospectively randomized double-blind study 28 patients with urinary
      retention after anterior colporrhaphy were administered either placebo or
      prostaglandin E2 in different doses (0.75 mg, 1.5 mg, or 2.25 mg) intravesically
      on postoperative days 6 and 7. Urodynamic assessment was performed before and
      after treatment. A moderate but not significant decrease of maximum bladder
      capacity, bladder compliance, and maximum urethral closure pressure was found in
      patients treated with 2.25 mg of prostaglandin E2. These urodynamic changes did
      not correspond to the clinical outcome: Residual urine decreased and effective
      bladder capacity increased significantly in all four groups uninfluenced by the
      type of therapy. The rate of success (defined by the amounts of residual urine
      after therapy) was similar in the four groups. A long-term effect of
      prostaglandin E2 could also be excluded, since the mean time interval from
      operation to the first day without residual urine was similar in the four groups.
      Therefore the therapeutic value of intravesically administered prostaglandin E2
      in doses from 0.75 to 2.25 mg must be seriously questioned.

PMID- 3881969
TI  - Ultrasound without history.

PMID- 3881970
TI  - Bacterial endophthalmitis associated with exposed monofilament sutures following
      corneal transplantation.
AB  - Three cases of bacterial endophthalmitis following corneal transplantation
      resulted from suture abscesses that were initiated by loose or broken exposed
      sutures. Histopathologic examination clearly demonstrated that the infection
      gained access to the anterior chamber by following a deeply placed suture that
      traversed the posterior wound gap at the donor-host interface. We believe that
      exposed sutures may lead to significant postoperative complications and must be
      carefully observed.

PMID- 3881971
TI  - Changes in the contralateral eye in uncomplicated persistent hyperplastic primary
      vitreous in adults.
AB  - In two adults (a 62-year-old man and a 71-year-old woman) uncomplicated full
      blown unilateral persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous was diagnosed on the
      basis of characteristic clinical features and ultrasonography. In the
      contralateral uninvolved eyes, we found open-angle glaucoma, anomalous blood
      vessels along the entire circumference of the anterior chamber angle, band
      keratopathy, and heterochromia iridis. The axial length of one involved eye was
      about 0.85 mm larger than that of the uninvolved eye.

PMID- 3881972
TI  - Standardized echographic-histopathologic correlations in liposarcoma.
AB  - A 57-year-old woman had metastatic liposarcoma of the left orbit that underwent
      transformation. The primary focus in the abdomen, resected in 1975, was a well
      differentiated liposarcoma. Later metastases to the neck and orbit were poorly
      differentiated, pleomorphic, and highly anaplastic liposarcomas. The
      ultrasonographic and histopathologic correlations of the different stages of the
      tumor during the disease process were analyzed and compared. This patient's
      disease had echopathologic similarities to other orbital sarcomas and adult
      cavernous hemangiomas.

PMID- 3881973
TI  - Role of cord factor in the modulation of infection caused by mycobacteria.
AB  - The subcutaneous, intradermal, and pulmonary inflammatory lesions induced in mice
      by viable Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) with no glycolipid cord factor (CF) on the
      outer cell wall (delipidated BCG, dBCG) was drastically different from that
      induced by inoculation with intact bacteria. The reaction caused by dBCG was of
      an acute nature: the cells making up the inflammatory infiltrate exhibited
      polymorphonuclear-like (PMNs) morphologic characteristics, there was a decrease
      on delayed hypersensitivity response, and the lesion was resolved around the 16th
      day after inoculation. Complete disappearance of viable organisms from the lungs,
      liver, and spleen of these animals occurred in parallel with the dissipation of
      the dBCG-induced inflammatory infiltrate, showing that CF plays an important role
      in the host-parasite relationship that takes place in infections caused by
      mycobacteria. In addition, when deprived of this glycolipid component, bacilli
      lose their immunostimulant ability.

PMID- 3881974
TI  - Reinfection of chancre-immune rabbits with Treponema pallidum. I. Light and
      immunofluorescence studies.
AB  - Inoculation of infectious Treponema pallidum into the skin of chancre-immune
      rabbits results in a limited inflammatory response. Intact organisms are
      identifiable by immunofluorescence in the dermis of the infection site for 1-2
      days. By Day 3 structurally intact T pallidum are seen localized in hair
      follicles, erector pili muscles, and cutaneous nerves, while inflammatory cells
      containing fluorescent (T pallidum) fragments are seen in the dermis. After Day 6
      intact organisms are no longer found. It is proposed that hair follicles, erector
      pili muscles, and particularly nerves may provide relatively protected sites for
      T pallidum, and that T pallidum may migrate within nerves. Clearance of organisms
      from the infected site appears to be mediated by phagocytosis and digestion by
      macrophages as a result of an accelerated delayed hypersensitivity response, but
      antibody-mediated destruction and T pallidum migration may also be involved.

PMID- 3881975
TI  - Young rete ridge keratinocytes are preferred targets in cutaneous graft-versus
      host disease.
AB  - Recent data show that stem cells in primate epidermis are concentrated at the
      bases of rete ridges. Because the early lesions of graft-versus-host disease
      (GVHD) in the vertebrate skin are in basal epidermis and hair follicle cells, the
      authors hypothesized that stem cells or their early progeny might be targeted. In
      this study they used morphometric methods to examine the distribution of the
      lesions of GVHD in the skin and lip of human bone marrow allograft recipients.
      They found that rete ridges are the primary sites of attack in early GVHD of the
      skin. They also found that the concentration of stem cells in ridges for various
      anatomic sites (body or arm, palm or sole, and lip) is directly proportional to
      the frequency and concentration of the lesions of GVHD. Osmotic fragility and the
      expression of early differentiation antigens related to the major
      histocompatibility complex are discussed as potential explanations for this
      phenomenon.

PMID- 3881976
TI  - Immunodissection: use of monoclonal antibodies to isolate specific types of renal
      cells.
AB  - Several laboratories have described antibodies that are directed against cell
      surface antigens unique to different renal cell types. It can reasonably be
      assumed that each different type of renal cell possesses one or more unique
      antigenic determinants. In principle, it should be possible to prepare monoclonal
      antibodies against these cell-specific antigens and to use the antibodies as
      immunoaffinity reagents to isolate populations of specific renal cell types. We
      employed this approach in one instance to isolate canine cortical collecting
      tubule (CCT) cells. Approximately 10(7) canine CCT cells can be obtained from 5 g
      of canine renal cortex. This compares with an estimate of 10(3) to 10(4) CCT
      cells that can be reasonably obtained by microdissection. The availability of
      relatively large numbers of cells makes it possible to study in greater detail
      the cellular physiology and biochemistry of tubule-specific processes such as
      solute and water transport and hormone action. Our experiences in attempting to
      isolate canine CCT cells and other renal epithelia have indicated that the ideal
      monoclonal antibody for immunodissection should 1) interact with only one type of
      renal cell, 2) be directed against a determinant present in relative abundance,
      3) be noncytotoxic, and 4) be an immunoglobulin G. Described in this review are
      some conceptual and practical aspects of the methods that can be used to develop
      B lymphocyte-myeloma hybrids producing such ideal monoclonal antibodies and to
      isolate renal cells using cell-specific monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 3881977
TI  - Atrial extracts increase glomerular filtration rate in vivo.
AB  - We measured the effect of a constant infusion of rat atrial extract on the
      glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), and plasma renin
      concentration (PRC) of bioassay rats. The infusion rate of the atrial extract was
      0.038 ml/min, which represented 1.25 mg of homogenized atrial tissue/min. To
      ensure that dead space was cleared, clearance measurements during the atrial
      extract infusion were not begun until urine flow had increased and 300 microliter
      of urine had been excreted. In the first series of rats, control GFR was 0.69 +/-
      0.05, increased to 1.04 +/- 0.06 during infusion of atrial extract, and then
      decreased to 0.72 +/- 0.08 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1 during the recovery period. In a
      second series, RPF was also measured. GFR increased from 0.92 +/- 0.02 to 1.15 +/
      0.05 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1, while RPF was unchanged. In both series, the increase
      in GFR was statistically significant. Constant infusion of atrial extracts had no
      significant effect on PRC. These studies provide evidence that an atrial factor
      can cause a large increase in GFR, which may contribute to the natriuretic effect
      of atrial extracts.

PMID- 3881978
TI  - Acute and chronic actions of bradykinin on renal function and arterial pressure.
AB  - The present study was designed to examine the acute and chronic effects of
      increased levels of circulating bradykinin (BK) on control of renal hemodynamics,
      electrolyte excretion, and arterial pressure. Intrarenal infusion of BK (50 ng X
      kg-1 X min-1) for 60 min in five anesthetized dogs with renal perfusion pressure
      maintained at a constant level of 108 +/- 1 mmHg had no significant effect on
      glomerular filtration rate (GFR), whereas it increased renal blood flow (RBF)
      from a control value of 230 +/- 14 to 282 +/- 18, 266 +/- 15, and 253 +/- 17
      ml/min after 15, 30, and 60 min of infusion, respectively. Acute intrarenal
      infusion of BK also increased urine volume (UV) from 0.255 +/- 0.044 to 0.523 +/-
      0.103 ml/min and urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) from 5.72 +/- 1.5 to 13.7 +/-
      3.4 mueq/min. To determine whether the potent acute effects of BK on RBF, UV, and
      UNaV lead to a chronic reduction in arterial pressure, BK (50 ng X kg-1 X min-1)
      was infused intrarenally for 7 days in conscious dogs. Intrarenal infusion of BK
      for 7 days had no significant effect on GFR, UNaV, UV, or arterial pressure.
      However, BK elevated renal plasma flow and decreased renal vascular resistance
      throughout the 7 days of infusion. Chronic intrarenal BK infusion caused no
      significant changes in plasma renin activity or plasma aldosterone concentration.
      Results from these studies indicate that although increased levels of bradykinin
      in the renal circulation can have potent acute effects on RBF, UV, and UNaV,
      these effects on UV and UNaV are not sustained and therefore do not result in
      long-term changes in arterial pressure.

PMID- 3881979
TI  - Effect of phosphate depletion on blood pressure and vascular reactivity to
      norepinephrine and angiotensin II in the rat.
AB  - Phosphate depletion (PD) adversely affects myocardial function but its influence
      on blood pressure is not well elucidated. In this study we evaluated whether PD
      influences blood pressure and/or affects its hormonal regulation or the
      peripheral vascular response to pressor agonists. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) in
      PD rats was lower than in normal animals, whereas heart rate was not
      significantly different between the two groups. Cardiac index (CI) in PD rats was
      lower and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was higher than in controls. Plasma
      norepinephrine (NE) in the resting state and during the stress of immobilization
      was significantly greater in PD rats than in controls. Base-line plasma renin
      activity was also significantly higher in PD rats and increased similarly in the
      two groups of rats after administration of isoproterenol. Bolus injections of NE
      or angiotensin II produced a smaller rise in MAP in PD rats than in controls.
      Reduced responsiveness to NE was also demonstrated in isolated hind-limb
      preparation from PD rats. When NE was infused to achieve a rise in MAP of 30
      mmHg, the dose required in PD was higher than in controls. Treatment with
      indomethacin did not affect the response in MAP to NE. The content and affinity
      of both alpha- and beta-receptors in PD hearts were not different from those of
      control hearts. The contents of PiATP, and AMP in the mesenteric vessels of PD
      rats were significantly lower than in control animals. These data show that PD
      leads to reductions in MAP, arteriolar response to pressor agents, and CI with
      appropriate compensatory rise in NE but with inadequate compensatory increase in
      SVR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3881980
TI  - Enhanced adrenergic sensitivity of the diabetic neonatal heart.
AB  - We have previously shown that insulin reduces inotropic responses to
      norepinephrine (NE) in isolated cardiac muscle and intact hearts. This inhibition
      also occurs in vascular smooth muscle. The present study was designed to examine
      inotropic sensitivity of insulin-deficient diabetic (D) hearts to mixed (NE) and
      pure beta 1 (isoproterenol, Iso) adrenergic agonists. Lambs were given alloxan
      (150 mg/kg) and studied 2 days later (glucose, 392 mg/dl). Results from eight
      controls (C) were compared. All animals were prepared for measurements of
      ventricular performance and coronary flow (CF) under conditions of constant
      arterial pressure, aortic flow, and heart rate (paced). Dose-response dP/dtmax
      curves were obtained by stepped increases of agonist infusion (iv). Iso (40 ng X
      min-1 X kg-1) caused a 30% increase of CF in both C and D, but no change occurred
      with NE (0.4 micrograms X min-1 X kg-1). Myocardial O2 consumption did not differ
      among groups and was unaltered by either agonist. Initial values for heart rate
      and dP/dt did not differ between C and D. NE dose-response curves were
      consistently higher in D and the slopes significantly steeper than C. However,
      Iso curves did not differ. Insulin (10 U/kg) was given to both groups, and the
      studies were repeated. Dose-response curves in C did not differ significantly
      with either NE or Iso after insulin. In contrast, curves with both agonists were
      lower following insulin replacement in the diabetic animals. It is concluded that
      coronary resistance is reduced by beta-activation but unchanged by NE, which is
      also an alpha-agonist.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3881981
TI  - A new preparation for microcirculatory studies of the hamster cheek pouch.
AB  - Existing methods of preparing the hamster cheek pouch for observation under an
      intravital microscope have several disadvantages. The everted method, described
      by Duling (Microvasc. Res. 5: 423-429, 1973), appears to restrict blood flow by
      placing unnatural tension on the retractor muscle and by requiring an incision in
      the tip of the pouch. The method of Yamaki et al. (Microvasc. Res. 21: 299-301,
      1981) requires an incision in the tip of the pouch and complete disconnection of
      the retractor muscle. The chamber method of Greenblatt et al. (Microvasc. Res. 1:
      420-432, 1969) has a limited optical resolution because the tissue cannot easily
      be transilluminated with properly condensed light. We have devised a less
      traumatic method of preparing the pouch, which eliminates these disadvantages.
      The hamster is anesthetized, and a thin, glass support plate is inserted into the
      left cheek pouch. The plate is constructed and positioned so that it does not
      restrict flow to any part of the pouch. The free end of the plate is secured to
      the animal stage. An incision is made in the skin to expose the cheek pouch, and
      the loose, avascular connective tissue investing the pouch and the retractor
      muscle is removed. The pouch is positioned at an angle of 20 degrees from the
      hamster's body in a temperature-controlled chamber over a standard microscope
      condensor system. Throughout both surgical and experimental procedures, the pouch
      is superfused with Ringer-bicarbonate solution at 37.5 degrees C. This
      preparation minimizes surgical trauma and allows the entire vascular supply to
      the cheek pouch to be studied.

PMID- 3881982
TI  - Role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in NaCl appetite of rats.
AB  - A variety of experimental paradigms is now known to induce an appetite for NaCl
      solutions in rats. These include 1) bilateral adrenalectomy; 2) hypothyroidism;
      3) salivariectomy; and 4) administration of hydrochlorothiazide, metyrapone,
      estrogen, methylxanthines, captopril, propranolol, large doses of
      deoxycorticosterone acetate, and intraperitoneal isotonic glucose or subcutaneous
      polyethylene glycol. A point of commonality among these is that a reduction in
      preference threshold accompanies the appetite for NaCl in all cases thus far
      tested. An additional point is the fact that each paradigm inducing a salt
      appetite, except salivariectomy, can be linked to an effect on the renin
      angiotensin-aldosterone system. The level of angiotensin II in the brain may play
      a role in the induction of a salt appetite in the rat. It is clear, however, that
      modest doses of mineralocorticoid hormones, given in conjunction with the
      stimulus producing the salt appetite (e.g., adrenalectomy, thyroidectomy, or
      treatment with captopril), reduces NaCl intake to control level. Although this
      effect can be partially explained in most cases by the consequent reduction in
      angiotensin II production, the salt appetite that occurs when mineralocorticoid
      concentration in blood is high and angiotensin II concentration is low, or when
      both are low, requires another explanation. This may be related to the effect of
      mineralocorticoid hormones on salivary sodium concentration. The role of the
      concentration of sodium in saliva on intake of NaCl solution provides an
      alternative explanation for the induction of a salt appetite in rats and merits
      additional study.

PMID- 3881983
TI  - Insulin increases body fat despite control of food intake and physical activity.
AB  - The effect of experimentally induced hyperinsulinemia on body composition was
      studied in rats with food intakes precisely controlled by intragastric feeding
      and physical activity manipulated by sedation with chlordiazepoxide (CDP). Male
      Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 38) were fitted surgically with gastrostomy tubes. After
      8 days the animals were divided into four groups. Group 1 received daily
      injections of protamine-zinc insulin; group 2 received daily injections of
      saline; group 3 received the same insulin doses as group 1 plus daily
      administration of CDP mixed with the diet; group 4 received daily injections of
      saline plus CDP in the diet. All groups were tubefed identical amounts of
      semiliquid diet via gastrostomy. Physical activity was measured by electronic
      monitor. After 4 wk the rats were killed. The insulin-treated groups (1 and 3)
      had significantly larger fat depots and larger mean fat cell size than the
      noninsulin-treated groups (2 and 4). This increase in fat occurred concurrently
      with a decrease in carcass protein and water. Physical activity, as measured, was
      unaltered by insulin but was significantly reduced by CDP. Treatment with CDP
      only increased the dorsal fat depot and liver weight but had no significant
      effect on total dissected fat depots and had a reductive effect on carcass
      protein. In conclusion insulin treatment enhanced the efficiency of conversion of
      energy intake into fat energy stores.

PMID- 3881984
TI  - Hepatic clearance of renin after angiotensin blockade.
AB  - Several investigators have reported that hepatic metabolism of renin can be
      altered in pathophysiological states (e.g., high-output heart failure, cirrhosis,
      acute metal toxicity). The hypothesis that circulating angiotensin II may play a
      role in regulating renin metabolism by the liver was tested in anesthetized dogs.
      Captopril (SQ 14255) or an angiotensin II-competitive antagonist [( Sar1
      Ile8]angiotensin II) was used for blockade of the renin-angiotensin system in two
      separate groups of dogs. The administration of captopril resulted in a
      significant fall in the percent extraction of renin by the liver (P less than
      0.01) and in the clearance of renin (P less than 0.05). The group receiving the
      competitive antagonist and time-control animals showed no significant change in
      renin extraction or renin clearance by the liver. Our data do not support a role
      for angiotensin II in the regulation of hepatic metabolism of renin, since
      experiments utilizing the antagonist failed to produce a change. The mechanism by
      which captopril alters renin metabolism appears to be independent of its blockade
      of angiotensin II.

PMID- 3881985
TI  - Altered plasma insulin and glucose after obesity-producing bipiperidyl brain
      lesions.
AB  - A single systemic injection of bipiperidyl mustard (BPM) in the adult rat
      produces brain lesions and associated obesity without hyperphagia. To
      characterize some endocrine-metabolic aspects of the BPM preparation we measured
      plasma insulin and glucose dynamics as well as glucoprivic feeding. BPM-treated
      animals with verified lesions of the medial portion of the solitary tract nucleus
      (NTS) and the medial pole of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNX), as
      well as small lesions affecting the arcuate nucleus and basomedial portion of the
      ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, showed the following characteristics:
      normal basal glycemia and insulinemia, exaggerated plasma insulin responses to
      oral or intravenous glucose and to oral saccharin, increased plasma glucose
      levels after oral glucose, unimpaired feeding to 2-deoxy-D-glucose challenge,
      decreased short-term intake of highly palatable food, and 36% more body fat at
      the end of the experiment. None of these changes occurred in rats that failed to
      develop lesions after BPM administration. These results suggest that BPM lesions
      (which appear to overlap distributions of central insulin binding sites) both
      affect a central mechanism controlling the pancreatic beta-cells and possibly
      influence gastric emptying and/or intestinal glucose absorption.

PMID- 3881986
TI  - Dynamics of pancreatic insulin release in young Zucker rats: a heterozygote
      effect.
AB  - Total pancreatic insulin, dynamic insulin response to glucose (325 mg/dl), or
      tolbutamide (40 mg/dl) using the isolated perfused pancreas preparation and body
      composition were determined for 2- and 4-wk-old homozygous lean Fa/Fa,
      heterozygous lean Fa/fa, unknown lean Fa/??, and homozygous obese fa/fa female
      Zucker rats. At 2-wk, obese rats (body fat greater than 16%) released
      significantly more insulin than homozygous lean rats during first (min 10-16) and
      second phases (min 17-70) (61 vs. 30 ng and 637 vs. 255 ng, respectively). Plasma
      insulinemia was 177 microU/ml in obese, compared with 51 microU/ml in homozygous
      lean rats. The dynamic response of unknown lean followed the pattern of either
      the homozygous lean or the obese rats. There was no significant difference in
      total pancreatic insulin among any of the groups at 2 wk of age (Fa/Fa, 1.72;
      Fa/??, 2.01; and Fa/Fa, 1.80 micrograms). At 4 wk, the dynamic response by obese
      (2.98 micrograms) was similar to that of heterozygous (3.31 micrograms), both
      being significantly greater than the homozygous lean (1.14 micrograms) or unknown
      lean rats (1.77 microgram). Total pancreatic insulin in 4-wk obese (19.8
      micrograms) was greater than homozygous lean rats (14.5 micrograms). Tolbutamide
      stimulated insulin release was significantly greater in 4-wk obese than
      homozygous lean rats. Exposure to tolbutamide reduced by 60% the second-phase
      insulin release in both obese and homozygous lean rats during a subsequent 40-min
      glucose (325 mg/dl) perfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3881987
TI  - Role of hepatocyte plasma membrane in insulin degradation.
AB  - An important role of the cell membrane in insulin degradation by cultured rat
      hepatocytes is supported by studies using the surface-active antibiotic
      bacitracin. Bacitracin inhibited degradation of cell-associated insulin (both
      randomly and A14 labeled) by 80-90% at 15 degrees C and by 60% at 37 degrees C.
      At 37 degrees C, inhibition of degradation was observed only with bacitracin
      present during dissociation and was accompanied by a compensatory increase in
      release of trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-precipitable insulin. This profile suggests
      inhibition of insulin degradation on the membrane after either primary binding or
      diacytosis (endocytosis-reverse endocytosis). In contrast, at 15 degrees C,
      bacitracin's inhibitory effect was greater with the antibiotic present during
      association and was not accompanied by a compensatory increase in TCA
      precipitable insulin. This profile was compatible with inhibition of partial
      cleavage of insulin on the membrane. Internalization and degradation through
      chloroquine-sensitive pathways may be required to complete degradation at this
      temperature because chloroquine exhibited an inhibitory effect on insulin
      degradation equally potent to that of bacitracin at 15 degrees C (no effect at 37
      degrees C).

PMID- 3881988
TI  - Measurement using tracers of steady-state turnover and metabolic clearance of
      insulin in dogs.
AB  - In nine conscious dogs, the steady-state metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and the
      systemic appearance rate (Ra) of insulin were determined by the tracer dilution
      method. [3H-PheB1]insulin ([3H]insulin) was infused as a tracer from time 0 at a
      constant rate. After tracer equilibration was attained, unlabeled porcine insulin
      was infused at variable constant rates (10.6-279 mU/min) with somatostatin (0.3
      microgram . kg-1 . min-1) to suppress endogenous insulin secretion. Glucose was
      infused to prevent hypoglycemia. Tritiated and immunoreactive insulin (IRI)
      concentrations were determined in plasma samples after extraction on a C-18
      reverse-phase column. Tracer-determined basal Ra of insulin was 2.39 +/- (SE)
      0.61 mU/min. The calculated steady-state Ra of insulin for plasma IRI from 20 to
      2,300 microU/ml showed good agreement with insulin infusion rates. The mean ratio
      of these rates was 0.973 +/- 0.018. The MCR of insulin under basal conditions was
      29.9 +/- 3.4 ml . kg-1 . min-1, and it decreased with increasing insulin
      concentrations. It is concluded that 1) insulin turnover rates can be measured
      accurately using [3H]insulin as a tracer and 2) insulin kinetics are nonlinear.

PMID- 3881989
TI  - Glucose and FFA kinetics in sepsis: role of glucagon and sympathetic nervous
      system activity.
AB  - We have assessed the role of glucagon and sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
      activity on glucose and palmitate kinetics and oxidation in the conscious dog
      infused with live Escherichia coli bacteria by means of the simultaneous primed
      constant infusion of [1,2-13C]palmitate and [U-14C]-glucose. The basal rate of
      glucose production in septic dogs and controls was similar. However, when the
      glucagon concentration was selectively decreased in the septic animals by the
      appropriate infusion of somatostatin (S), insulin (I), and glucagon (G), the rate
      of glucose production decreased significantly, whereas in control animals S + I +
      G infusion had no effect on glucose kinetics. When alpha- and beta-adrenergic
      blockade was added to the infusion, the rate of glucose production decreased
      further and hypoglycemia developed in the septic dogs, whereas in the controls
      both glucose production and concentration increased. The basal rate of appearance
      of palmitate was increased in the septic dogs (P less than 0.01). S + I + G had
      no effect on palmitate appearance in either group, and sympathetic blockade
      caused a significant decrease in palmitate appearance in both groups of dogs. The
      rates of oxidation of both glucose and palmitate was related directly to their
      availability in plasma. Thus, in sepsis, glucagon and SNS activity play important
      roles in the mobilization of glucose and palmitate into the plasma and therefore
      in the overall state of energy metabolism.

PMID- 3881990
TI  - Processing of cell-bound insulin by capillary and macrovascular endothelial cells
      in culture.
AB  - The processing of cell-bound insulin was determined in endothelial cells cultured
      from three large blood vessels (human umbilical vein, bovine pulmonary artery,
      and bovine aorta) and one microvascular source (bovine fat capillaries). Cells
      were exposed to monoiodinated TyrA14-insulin, the rates of dissociation of cell
      bound TyrA14-insulin determined, and cell alteration of insulin assessed by gel
      filtration and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. We found that 1)
      overall degradation rates of insulin are low for all cultured endothelial cells,
      2) cell-bound insulin is rapidly processed to a nonreceptor compartment and then
      rapidly dissociated from all cells, primarily as biologically intact insulin, and
      3) degradation of cell-bound insulin, although relatively low, does occur in
      endothelial cells with the least degradation by capillary cells. The presence of
      specific surface receptors for insulin on endothelial cells coupled with rapid
      cellular processing of intact insulin is consistent with a potential role for
      endothelial cells in either the transport of intact insulin out of the
      bloodstream or as a regional storage site for intact hormone.

PMID- 3881991
TI  - Factors that influence absorption and secretion of calcium in the small intestine
      and colon.
AB  - Intestinal epithelium absorbs calcium by an energy-dependent cellular process
      that is stimulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. Calcium entry
      across the brush border is driven by existing electrochemical gradients; exit
      across the basolateral membrane against these same gradients is driven by a
      calcium-activated ATPase, sodium-calcium exchange, or both. The specific cellular
      sites of 1,25(OH)2D3 action remain to be identified. Calcium transport is
      independent of phosphate and influenced by sodium. Sodium may alter calcium
      transport at the brush border through alterations of the transmembrane electrical
      gradient and at the basolateral membrane by exchange with intracellular calcium.
      The segmental distribution of calcium active transport is heterogeneous, with
      maximal flux rates in the proximal portions of small intestine and colon and net
      secretion in mid- and distal small intestine and mid- and distal colon.
      1,25(OH)2D3 converts regions of net secretion in ileum and colon to net
      absorption. 1,25(OH)2D3-stimulated active phosphate transport is largely confined
      to areas of low-calcium transport, with maximal phosphate absorption in jejunum,
      the site of maximal calcium secretion. Calcium secretion, primarily in jejunum
      and ileum, is nonsaturable, may follow the paracellular pathway, and is
      stimulated by mucosal sodium and somatostatin.

PMID- 3881992
TI  - Effects of E, F, and I series prostaglandins and analogues on growth of
      gastroduodenal mucosa and pancreas.
AB  - We investigated the effects of prostaglandins (PG) of E, F, and I series and
      their stable analogues on gastric acid secretion, serum gastrin level, and growth
      of gastroduodenal mucosa and pancreas in rats. Short-term administration (every 8
      h for 48 h) of E and F series PGs and their stable analogues caused significant
      stimulation of DNA synthesis; prolonged PG treatment (every 8 h for 10 days)
      significantly increased weight and total DNA and RNA contents of the organs
      tested. PGs of E series were given in doses that inhibited gastric acid secretion
      about 50% and raised serum gastrin significantly; PGs of F series were injected
      in the same dose (1,000 micrograms/kg) as PGs of E series but did not affect acid
      secretion or serum gastrin. Short- or long-term treatment with PGI2 or its stable
      analogue (Hoe 892), injected in doses causing about 50% inhibition of acid
      secretion and significant increments in serum gastrin levels, failed to affect
      any of the growth-related parameters in the stomach, duodenum, or pancreas. We
      conclude that PGs of E and F (but not of I) series exhibit a marked stimulatory
      influence on growth of gastroduodenal mucosa and pancreas. These trophic effects
      appear to be unrelated to gastric secretion or serum gastrin release.

PMID- 3881993
TI  - Glomerular ultrafiltration dynamics: historical perspective.
AB  - Our knowledge of the structure and function of the renal glomerulus is reviewed
      in a historical context. The glomerular corpuscles were first described by
      Malpighi in 1666. Subsequent injection studies led to conflicting claims
      concerning a glomerular-tubular connection. This connection was accepted only
      after the convincing demonstration of the anatomical relationship essentially as
      we now know it by Bowman in 1842. Ludwig was the first to propose that the
      mechanism of separation of fluid in the glomeruli was by ultrafiltration.
      Estimates of the ultrafiltration forces in mammals led to conflicting speculation
      as to whether or not filtration-pressure equilibrium was reached in glomerular
      capillaries. Results of direct determinations in some Munich-Wistar rats indicate
      filtration pressure equilibrium, an ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf) of 0.08 nl X
      s-1 X mmHg-1, and a strong influence of plasma flow on filtration rate (GFR). In
      contrast, evidence has been presented that filtration dynamics in other Munich
      Wistar rats and several other strains of rats are characterized by filtration
      disequilibrium, a Kf of 0.04 nl X s-1 X mmHg-1, and a weak dependence of GFR on
      plasma flow. In conscious and anesthetized rats, kidney GFR is usually relatively
      stable in the presence of renal vasodilation. Filtration disequilibrium is
      reported in the dog and equilibrium in the squirrel monkey. Although predictions
      for humans suggest filtration disequilibrium, final conclusions await an in-depth
      analysis of direct measurements.

PMID- 3881994
TI  - Mechanism for inhibition of renin release by acute plasma volume expansion in the
      dog.
AB  - Plasma volume expansion alters renal tubular sodium chloride transport and renal
      nerve activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism(s) for
      inhibition of renin secretion by acute volume expansion with albumin in the
      anesthetized dog. In dogs with a single intact kidney, albumin infusion decreased
      renin release by 86% and significantly increased renal blood flow, glomerular
      filtration rate, and sodium excretion. Albumin volume expansion inhibited renin
      secretion to a lesser extent in dogs with denervated filtering kidneys and in
      dogs with innervated nonfiltering kidneys. In dogs with denervated nonfiltering
      kidneys, albumin infusion did not change renin secretion. Comparable volume
      expansion was produced in all groups. Thus, inhibition of renin release by acute
      plasma volume expansion is dependent on both a renal tubular mechanism and the
      integrity of the renal nerves. Partial inhibition of renin release was observed
      with interruption of either one of the mechanisms, whereas interruption of both
      mechanisms totally abolished the effect of acute plasma volume expansion on renin
      secretion.

PMID- 3881995
TI  - Effects of angiotensin II on plasma ADH, prostaglandin synthesis, and water
      excretion in normal humans.
AB  - To verify whether angiotensin II (ANG II) stimulates ADH release in humans and to
      evaluate whether endogenous prostaglandins influence the resulting renal effect
      of ADH, nonpressor and low pressor doses of ANG II were infused in nine normal
      volunteers under normal conditions (control study) and after prostaglandin
      synthesis inhibition with aspirin (ASA study). During ANG II infusion plasma ADH
      increased in both conditions. Plasma PGE2, urinary PGE2, and urinary 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha increased only in the control study, whereas they were undetectable in the
      plasma and significantly reduced in the urine in the ASA study. ANG II caused a
      significant fall of glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow (with an
      increase in filtration fraction), fractional sodium excretion, and urine output
      in both studies. Despite the reduced urine output, urine osmolality decreased
      significantly in the control study, whereas it increased after aspirin
      administration. These results suggest that intravenous ANG II stimulates ADH
      release in humans but that the renal effects of the resulting increase in plasma
      ADH are different depending on the presence or absence of endogenous
      prostaglandins.

PMID- 3881996
TI  - Reflex sympathetic effects on liver vascular space and liver perfusion in dogs.
AB  - The effects of sympathetic fiber activation on liver vascular volume and on the
      perfusion of the liver were ascertained in dogs by use of the multiple indicator
      dilution technique. Portal vein-hepatic vein dilution patterns were obtained
      following injection of a mixture containing 51Cr-labeled red blood cells (a
      vascular reference), 14C-labeled sucrose (an interstitial reference), and 3H
      labeled water (a cellular reference). Liver vascular, interstitial, and cellular
      water spaces were measured from the dilution data under control conditions and
      following activation of the sympathetic system by bilateral occlusion of carotid
      arteries. Carotid occlusion significantly increased plasma norepinephrine values
      without changing plasma epinephrine concentration, indicating that the resulting
      reflex sympathetic activation was selective for peripheral fibers. Although
      average blood flow did not change, liver vascular volume decreased by 40% during
      the sympathetic activation, and sucrose interstitial space and accessible
      cellular water space were unchanged. These findings indicate that there were no
      areas of no flow in the liver during the sympathetic activation, despite the
      observed large diminution in vascular blood content.

PMID- 3881998
TI  - Endogenous renin-angiotensin system and drinking behavior in flounder.
AB  - High rates of drinking in seawater-adapted, compared with freshwater (FW)
      adapted, flounder were associated with raised plasma chloride and osmotic
      concentrations. Hypotension in FW-adapted fish, after papaverine administration,
      gave rise to greatly elevated rates of drinking. This dipsogenic response
      apparently relied on activation of the endogenous renin-angiotensin system (RAS)
      and was abolished by simultaneous administration of the converting enzyme
      inhibitor, captopril. Exogenous angiotensin II was shown to be dipsogenic and
      vasopressor in the FW-adapted fish. The physiological importance of the
      activation of the RAS in the control of drinking behavior in euryhaline fish is
      discussed.

PMID- 3881997
TI  - alpha-Aminoisobutyric acid transport in rat soleus muscle during endotoxic shock.
AB  - We studied alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) transport by skeletal muscle and the
      effect of insulin and Na+ on the transport process during endotoxic shock. Rats
      (140-160 g) were injected with Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin (20 mg/kg iv) or
      saline and killed 5 h later. At that time an elevation of blood lactate and
      hypoglycemia marked the onset of shock in rats given endotoxin. AIB uptake was
      measured in isolated soleus muscles in vitro. Total cellular AIB uptake in the
      endotoxic muscles was 25, 28, and 47% lower than control muscles at 1-, 2-, or 3
      h incubations, respectively. Insulin stimulated AIB uptake to a lesser extent in
      endotoxic muscles (from a basal value of 11.62 +/- 0.29 nmol X g dry wt-1 X 3 h-1
      to 15.88 +/- 0.64, 19.10 +/- 1.06, and 18.78 +/- 0.52 at 1, 10, and 100 mU/ml
      insulin, respectively) than in controls (from 17.07 +/- 0.51 to 27.13 +/- 1.16,
      27.25 +/- 0.93, and 29.01 +/- 1.09). Na+-dependent AIB uptake, calculated as the
      difference between AIB uptake in the presence and absence of Na+, was decreased
      in the endotoxic muscles to 36% of the control value. Na+-independent AIB uptake
      (measured in Na+-free media) was the same in control and endotoxic muscles. These
      results suggest that the decrease in both basal and insulin-stimulated AIB
      transport was due to the decrease in Na+-dependent AIB transport by skeletal
      muscle during endotoxic shock.

PMID- 3881999
TI  - Tricyclic antidepressants--blood level measurements and clinical outcome: an APA
      Task Force report. Task Force on the Use of Laboratory Tests in Psychiatry.
AB  - The Task Force examines the present status of studies investigating the
      relationship between blood plasma concentrations of tricyclic antidepressants and
      clinical outcome. It discusses some of the discrepancies that have developed
      among various antidepressant drugs and evaluates the clinical implications of the
      current status of blood level monitoring. The Task Force concludes that plasma
      level measurements of imipramine, desmethylimipramine, and nortriptyline are
      unequivocally clinically useful in certain situations, that these measurements
      are helpful in many situations, and that plasma level measurements are likely to
      grow in usefulness.

PMID- 3882000
TI  - Antidepressant effects of light in seasonal affective disorder.
AB  - The authors treated winter depression in 13 patients with typical seasonal
      affective disorder by extending the length of winter days with bright and dim
      light in the morning and evening in a balanced-order crossover study. Bright
      light had a marked antidepressant effect, whereas the dim light did not. This
      response could not be attributed to sleep deprivation. Subsequent pilot studies
      indicated that bright evening light alone is probably also effective. Several
      patients were able to maintain the antidepressant response throughout the winter
      months by continuing daily light treatments.

PMID- 3882001
TI  - The significance of Alfred Adler for the concept of narcissism.
AB  - Alfred Adler's significance for the concept of narcissism is presented with
      reference to four aspects: 1) Adler's theory of masculine protest was evidently a
      factor influencing Freud to turn toward the phenomenon of narcissism. 2) Present
      day understanding of narcissism shows remarkable similarity to Adler's views on
      psychodynamics and neurotic egocentricity. 3) Some contemporary criticisms of
      Freud's theory of narcissism are very similar to Adler's criticism. 4) Adler's
      theory of social interest permits subsumption of narcissism under lack of social
      interest rather than acceptance of it as an expression of innate socially
      negative tendencies.

PMID- 3882002
TI  - Fraud committed by psychiatrists.

PMID- 3882003
TI  - Fraud and abuse of government medical benefit programs by psychiatrists.
AB  - Government rosters of physicians suspended from the Medicare and Medicaid
      programs because of fraud and abuse indicate that psychiatrists form a
      disproportionately large segment of the total. Of the factors contributing to
      this situation, the most notable is that because psychiatrists charge for time
      rather than for services, they are more readily apprehended if they violate the
      rules. The authors speculate on whether in fact psychiatrists break the law more
      than physicians in other-specialties or whether the statistics are purely
      artifactual.

PMID- 3882004
TI  - Reduction of distress in hyperprolactinemia with bromocriptine.
AB  - In a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of bromocriptine in eight
      hyperprolactinemic patients, self-rated distress decreased and well-being
      increased parallel with the fall in prolactin levels; for the majority of
      measures the differences were significant.

PMID- 3882005
TI  - Reversal of captopril-induced psychosis with naloxone.

PMID- 3882006
TI  - Efficacy of ECT: a meta-analysis.
AB  - The authors analyzed several rigorously controlled studies that compared the
      efficacy of ECT with that of simulated ECT, placebo, and antidepressants. The
      data from these studies were combined statistically (with the Mantel-Haenszel
      method for the combination of fourfold tables), showing ECT's clear superiority
      over all these other forms of treatment for severe depression. The authors
      similarly analyzed the data from several studies comparing the efficacy of
      unilateral nondominant ECT with that of bilateral ECT and found no significant
      difference in their efficacy.

PMID- 3882007
TI  - Anorexia nervosa and depression: a dissenting view.
AB  - The frequency of depressive symptoms in anorexic patients, the response of some
      anorexic patients to antidepressants or ECT, the occurrence of comparable
      physiologic abnormalities in major depression and anorexia nervosa, and family
      studies of incidence increasingly link depression and anorexia in the literature.
      A review of the problems in making this linkage shows that the possibility of
      anorexia nervosa as a depressive equivalent or a depressive spectrum disorder
      must be seriously questioned.

PMID- 3882008
TI  - Manifestations of experimental leprosy in the armadillo.
AB  - Three experiments, using different routes and doses of infection, were conducted
      using 42 armadillos. Thirty-six of them developed generalized disease. There is
      no significant sex or age difference in susceptibility. Route and dose of
      infection make very little difference in the disease prevalence except that the
      intravenous administration of a large dose reduces the period of development of
      generalized disease. It is quite possible that in armadillos the resistance to
      the disease is partly genetic. Although a majority of the armadillos developed
      lepromatous disease, borderline leproma is fairly common. In skin nodules large
      colonies of extracellular bacilli are demonstrated. Bacilli are also demonstrated
      in liver parenchymal cells.

PMID- 3882009
TI  - Cloning and characterization of Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3/FMG strain.
AB  - The FCR-3/FMG African strain of Plasmodium falciparum was cloned by the limiting
      dilution technique in in vitro culture to obtain parasite populations derived
      from a single cell. The basic in vitro culture technique used was that of Trager
      and Jensen, performed in microtiter culture plates. The cloning sequence was
      repeated serially three times, and three parasite clones with a higher than 99%
      probability of single cell derivation were isolated. Two of these clones were
      determined by electron microscopic examination to possess the K+ and one the K-
      trait. The clones were found to be equally sensitive to chloroquine in vitro but
      varied in their in vivo pathogenicity for Aotus, the K- clone being non
      pathogenic.

PMID- 3882010
TI  - Ultrastructure of the lung in falciparum malaria.
AB  - We describe a case of fatal falciparum malaria, with severe pulmonary
      insufficiency in the absence of fluid overload or cardiac failure. At autopsy the
      most striking change was a marked pulmonary interstitial edema. The endothelial
      cell was the most altered structure, showing marked cytoplasmic swelling which
      narrowed the capillary lumen. Monocytes were also found occupying the capillary
      lumen. The edematous interstitium also showed macrophages with endocytes and
      malarial pigment. There was no disseminated intravascular coagulation or other
      terminal complications. The patient's respiratory insufficiency seems not to have
      derived from the complications usually associated with the fatal malaria but from
      malaria-induced alveolar septal changes.

PMID- 3882011
TI  - Parasitologic and immunologic studies of experimental Plasmodium falciparum
      infection in nonsplenectomized chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
AB  - Parasitologic, hematologic, and immunologic parameters were monitored in intact
      (nonsplenectomized), adult chimpanzees infected with a "chimp-adapted" strain of
      Plasmodium falciparum. Following primary and secondary injections of 10(9) P.
      falciparum-infected erythrocytes, each chimpanzee developed a low grade
      parasitemia (up to 1,000/mm3) and maintained the infection without evidence of
      eliminating the parasites. Hematologic and serum biochemical values, as well as
      the majority of immunologic parameters tested, remained unaltered in infected
      chimpanzees. However, 2 weeks after infection T cells from infected chimpanzees
      demonstrated an enhanced response in vitro to stimulation with the mitogen PHA,
      and monocyte phagocytic activity for antibody-coated erythrocytes (Fc-mediated
      phagocytosis) increased significantly. During malarial infection, apes developed
      a strong T cell proliferative response to P. falciparum antigens and monocytes
      showed enhanced phagocytic activity for P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes in
      the absence of immune serum. These results suggest that cellular immune
      mechanisms, especially macrophage activation, may help control, but not
      eliminate, P. falciparum malaria in chimpanzees.

PMID- 3882012
TI  - Structural alteration of the membrane of erythrocytes infected with Babesia
      bovis.
AB  - Babesia bovis, causative agent of cattle babesiosis, induces characteristic
      alterations on the membrane of infected erythrocytes. Elliptical protrusions
      measuring about 320 nm in long axis and about 160 nm in short axis appear on the
      membrane of infected erythrocytes, both in vitro and in vivo. Freeze-fracture
      demonstrated alignment of intramembrane particles (IMP) along the long axis of
      both the P and E faces of the protrusions. The number of IMP on the endoplasmic
      face increases, but the number of IMP on the protoplasmic face of the protrusions
      is not statistically altered from that of uninfected erythrocytes. In vitro,
      there are more protrusions per erythrocyte infected with the virulent form (low
      passage form) of B. bovis than with the avirulent form (high passage form). This
      suggests that the number of protrusions which appear on the membrane of infected
      erythrocytes may have a direct relationship to the virulence of the parasites.
      These protrusions may be attached to the capillary endothelial cells, which
      causes fatal cerebral babesiosis.

PMID- 3882013
TI  - African trypanosomiasis: treatment-induced invasion of brain and encephalitis.
AB  - Histological sections of the brain from Microtus montanus infected with
      Trypanosoma rhodesiense and treated after the initial infection period showed
      that trypanosomes promptly invade the brain tissue and induce a severe
      encephalitis within a very short time. These findings suggest that the brain
      invasion and encephalitis that occur after treatment in sleeping sickness must be
      considered an effect of the treatment. The results illustrate that the brain
      invasion is probably not hematogenic but rather due to a process of parasite
      migration from the subarachnoidal space over the Virchow-Robin spaces into the
      brain.

PMID- 3882014
TI  - Diagnostic value of the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test for
      trypanosomiasis in Zambia.
AB  - Data collected from 61 parasitologically proven cases, 52 matched hospital
      controls, and 26 matched neighbor controls demonstrated that individuals with an
      indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test score of 3+ or 4+ are 10 times
      more likely to be or become a trypanosomiasis case as compared to their matched
      hospital controls. Similarly, the relative risk was greater than 1.00 when cases
      were compared with their neighbor controls. It is suggested that the IFAT is a
      reliable seroepidemiologic screening tool for trypanosomiasis, and that
      individuals positive by the test should be carefully monitored, even though they
      may be parasitologically negative.

PMID- 3882015
TI  - Prospective, randomized trial of selective vagotomy with pyloroplasty and
      selective proximal vagotomy with and without pyloroplasty in the treatment of
      duodenal, pyloric, and prepyloric ulcers.
AB  - In a prospective, randomized trial, 161 patients with duodenal, pyloric, or
      prepyloric ulcer underwent selective proximal vagotomy. Randomization was then
      performed to determine if the operation was finished (52 patients), if a
      pyloroplasty should be added (56 patients), or in addition, if the nerves of
      Latarjet should be divided (53 patients). Prepyloric and secondary gastric ulcers
      were excised for microscopy; all were benign. Sex, age, site of ulcer, and
      duration and incidence of complications of the ulcer disease were similar for the
      three groups. There was one operative death. The postoperative complications did
      not differ for the three groups. Four patients were lost to follow-up. The
      average follow-up for the 156 patients was 3 years (range 1 to 8 years).
      Recurrent ulcer was detected up to 5 years after surgery in 4 of 53 patients who
      had selective vagotomy with pyloroplasty, in 4 of 53 who had selective proximal
      vagotomy with pyloroplasty, and in 5 of 50 who had selective proximal vagotomy.
      Diarrhea was rare and mild or absent. Dumping was twice as common after selective
      vagotomy or selective proximal vagotomy with pyloroplasty than after selective
      proximal vagotomy only, but dumping resistant to treatment was recorded in only
      two or three patients in each group. The overall results (modified Visick scale)
      were unsatisfactory in 7 patients after selective vagotomy with pyloroplasty, in
      4 after selective proximal vagotomy with pyloroplasty, and in 10 after selective
      proximal vagotomy, mainly because of epigastric pain with or without recurrent
      ulcer. We conclude that pyloroplasty may cause mild dumping without nuisance to
      the patient. The rates of recurrent ulcer in long-term follow-up trials are
      essential for final evaluation of the operations.

PMID- 3882016
TI  - The Penrose drain: a safe, atraumatic colostomy bridge.
AB  - Because of the problems associated with the large, bulky bridges presently used
      for construction of loop ostomies, particularly complications of leaks and skin
      excoriation, we have studied the use of the Penrose drain as an alternative. This
      method has been time-tested on 45 patients and has been found to be safe,
      reliable, and inexpensive and has gained popularity among patients and ostomy
      nurses. The bulky colostomy bridge should no longer be accepted as a standard of
      care.

PMID- 3882017
TI  - Successful renal vein reconstruction with a polytetrafluoroethylene vascular
      graft in kidney transplantation.
AB  - Very frequently, technical difficulties make renal transplantation difficult and,
      on occasion, impossible. Problems with short renal veins are a classic example.
      We have successfully repaired two exceedingly short donor renal veins of equal
      size using two short polytetrafluoroethylene vascular grafts interposed between
      the renal veins and the recipient's iliac vein. So far, the kidney has functioned
      normally except for one minor episode of rejection.

PMID- 3882018
TI  - Acute acalculous cholecystitis following multiple skeletal trauma. A report of
      three cases.
AB  - Three cases of acute acalculous cholecystitis are reported in patients with
      multisystem failure following major long-bone trauma. The diagnosis should be
      suspected in any such patient who develops septicaemia from an unidentified site.
      A high index of suspicion should be maintained, especially in patients who are
      sedated or in receipt of mechanical ventilation of the lungs and in whom physical
      signs may be minimal or absent.

PMID- 3882019
TI  - Anesthesia for pediatric orthotopic liver transplantation.
AB  - The anesthetic management of 68 liver transplantations in 50 pediatric patients
      is described. The surgical technique is briefly reviewed. The selection of an
      anesthetic technique was not as important as management of numerous intra
      operative problems. Citrate intoxication secondary to massive blood transfusion
      in the hypothermic anhepatic patient is a major problem, as are coagulation
      deficiencies. Hyperkalemic cardiac arrest, also a significant hazard, produced
      the only intraoperative death.

PMID- 3882020
TI  - Hemodynamic responses in brain dead organ donor patients.
AB  - Because we have noticed dramatic hemodynamic responses in brain dead patients
      undergoing surgery for organ donation, we analyzed the anesthetic records of
      cadaver organ donors. Ten records contain complete data for heart rate, blood
      pressure, central venous pressure, and time of incision. Systolic pressure
      increased by a mean of 31 torr (P less than 0.01), diastolic pressure by 16 torr
      (P less than 0.02), and heart rate by 23 beats/min (P less than 0.01) in response
      to surgical stimulation. These results demonstrate the occurrence of significant
      hemodynamic responses to surgical stimuli in patients who fulfill the criteria of
      brain death, responses that do not, however, invalidate the current criteria for
      the diagnosis of brain death.

PMID- 3882021
TI  - Hormonal and hemodynamic responses to halothane and enflurane in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - Forty-two spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and 42 normotensive Wistar-Kyoto
      rats (WKY) were anesthetized with either halothane or enflurane. Blood pressure,
      heart rate, cardiac output, distribution of blood flow, plasma renin activity,
      and plasma catecholamines were measured to determine in what manner the
      hypertensive animal responded to these two anesthetics. Major findings of the
      study were that plasma renin activity did not increase in the SHR despite a 25%
      reduction in MAP. The infusion of saralasin, an angiotensin II antagonist,
      resulted in a further decrease in blood pressure in SHR anesthetized with
      halothane but not with enflurane. Plasma catecholamine concentrations were
      elevated in the awake SHR and were decreased in SHR anesthetized with enflurane.
      Both halothane and enflurane anesthesia resulted in similar alterations in blood
      flow in the SHR. The normotensive WKY responded to halothane and enflurane in a
      different manner than the SHR. Plasma renin activity increased with the decrease
      in blood pressure with both agents. A further decrease in blood pressure occurred
      with saralasin infusion in WKY anesthetized with halothane or enflurane.
      Significant blood flow alterations occurred in the WKY anesthetized with both
      agents, but enflurane caused the greatest changes. The SHR may prove useful in
      examining the effects of anesthetic agents and other drugs so that we may have a
      better understanding of the perioperative management of the patients with
      essential hypertension.

PMID- 3882023
TI  - Subdural migration of an epidural catheter.

PMID- 3882022
TI  - Principles of neuroanesthesia for the nonneurosurgical patient with CNS
      pathophysiology.

PMID- 3882024
TI  - Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine after exercise in asthmatics.
AB  - We studied the effect of exercise on bronchial responsiveness to methacholine in
      10 asthmatics. Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine was compared before and
      20 minutes after exercise. Although five out of 10 asthmatics showed exercise
      induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), nine out of 10 asthmatics became more
      hypersensitive after exercise, irrespective of EIB.

PMID- 3882025
TI  - The significance of immunoglobulin E in resistance to parasitic infections.

PMID- 3882026
TI  - Serotyping of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae by rapid slide agglutination and
      indirect fluorescent antibody tests in swine.
AB  - One hundred and forty-one isolates of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae from Iowa and
      Illinois swine were characterized morphologically and biochemically and serotyped
      by rapid slide agglutination (RSA) and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests.
      Hyperimmune antisera were produced in rabbits using inactivated whole-cell
      suspensions of the reference strains for H pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 to 7 and
      strain 202, representing the taxon "minor group." Cross testing of the reference
      strains and reference antisera indicated the antisera to be essentially serotype
      specific, although reactivity of some antisera with heterologous strains was
      observed. Cultures of the 141 isolates formed adherent or smooth colonies or
      mixtures of these colony forms. Adherent and smooth colony types were found in
      all serotypes identified. Microscopic and biochemical characteristics of all
      isolates were typical of those previously described for H pleuropneumoniae. The
      overall incidence of H pleuropneumoniae serotypes was serotype 5, 55.3%; serotype
      1, 34.0%; serotype 7, 7.8%; and nontypeable, 2.8%. Comparing the 2 test
      procedures, 87.2% of the isolates could be typed by RSA, and 66.0% could be typed
      by IFA. Cross-reactions between serotype 4 antisera and serotype 5 and 7 isolates
      were common with the IFA test. The reactions with serotype 7, but not serotype 5,
      were eliminated by cross adsorption of serotype 4 antisera. There was good
      correlation between the 2 test procedures, but RSA was judged to be more specific
      and sensitive than IFA.

PMID- 3882027
TI  - Staphylococci in canine urolithiasis: species identification, using a
      commercially available tray micromethod.
AB  - Fifty-one coagulase-positive staphylococcal isolates from canine urinary calculi
      or from the urine of dogs with documented urolithiasis, and 17 coagulase-positive
      staphylococcal isolates from human beings and cattle were identified by a
      commercially available tray micromethod, as well as by conventional methods.
      Canine isolates had previously been classified as Staphylococcus aureus on the
      basis of a positive tube coagulase test. After 5 hours' incubation, the tray
      method identified all 51 canine urolithiasis isolates as S intermedius, rather
      than S aureus. All human and bovine isolates were identified as S aureus.
      Conventional methods supported these findings.

PMID- 3882028
TI  - Endotoxin-induced hematologic and blood chemical changes in ponies: effects of
      flunixin meglumine, dexamethasone, and prednisolone.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of certain drugs on hematologic changes, blood chemical
      values, and survival in endotoxin shock, anesthetized ponies were given (IV)
      endotoxin (Escherichia coli O55:B5) and then treated as follows: Group A ponies-
      given a saline infusion at 5 minutes and at 3 hours after they were given
      endotoxin; group B ponies--given flunixin meglumine at 5 minutes and at 3, 6, 9,
      and 24 hours after they were given endotoxin; group C ponies--treated with
      dexamethasone; and group D ponies--treated with prednisolone at 5 minutes and at
      3, 9, and 24 hours after they were given endotoxin. Anesthesia was maintained for
      4 hours, after which time the ponies were allowed to recover. Throughout the
      experiment, samples of blood were collected for blood gas, hematologic, and blood
      chemical values. The endotoxin effects were seen in the 4 groups: lactic
      acidosis, prolonged coagulation times, leukopenia, hemoconcentration, and
      elevated blood chemical values. Although none of the treatments prevented the
      effects of endotoxin, changes were less severe and survival times were longer in
      ponies treated with flunixin meglumine.

PMID- 3882029
TI  - Antiepithelial autoantibodies associated with the feline eosinophilic granuloma
      complex.
AB  - A retrospective study of banked sera from 19 cats with the eosinophilic granuloma
      complex revealed that 68% of affected cats had circulating antibodies to
      components of normal cat epithelium. Seemingly, the eosinophilic granuloma
      complex of cats may be an autoimmune disease; however, epidermal damage caused by
      the eosinophilic granuloma complex may release altered self-antigens to which the
      cat's immune system responds.

PMID- 3882030
TI  - Demonstration of rabies viral antigen in paraffin tissue sections: comparison of
      the immunofluorescence technique with the unlabeled antibody enzyme method.
AB  - The immunofluorescence technique and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method were
      used to demonstrate rabies antigen in a retrospective study on formalin-fixed,
      paraffin-embedded brain tissues from 34 naturally infected wild and domestic
      animals. Rabies was confirmed with immunofluorescent staining on fresh brain
      tissue at the time of necropsy of the animals. There was a perfect correlation
      (serial sections from a given brain area were always positive by both methods),
      but the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique was preferred, since no trypsin
      digestion was required. Twenty six of the 34 animals were immunohistochemically
      positive and had encephalitis, and in 21 of these 26, the hematoxylin and eosin
      stained sections contained detectable intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in at
      least 1 brain area. Of the remaining 8 animals (with no inflammatory lesions), 7
      were positive for rabies antigen and 2 had no inclusion bodies. Rabies antigen
      was apparent in 62% of the brain areas in which inclusion bodies were not found
      in the corresponding hematoxylin and eosin stained sections. Thus, together with
      the inclusion body positive areas, which were all immunohistochemically positive,
      it was possible to diagnose rabies in a total 84% of the areas examined. Both
      techniques greatly facilitate the diagnosis of rabies and may be a reliable help
      to the diagnostic pathologist when only formalin-fixed tissues are available.
      However, the methods should not be considered substitutes for the
      immunofluorescence technique and the mouse inoculation test with fresh brain
      tissue.

PMID- 3882031
TI  - Cellular and lipopolysaccharide subunit requirements for the caprine
      lymphoblastogenic response to endotoxin.
AB  - Caprine B lymphocytes were established as the cell type that divided when
      cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and lipid A was defined as the in vitro
      mitogenic component of LPS. The conclusion that the caprine B lymphocyte was
      stimulated by LPS was based on 3 observations: (i) Numbers of B lymphocytes
      increased in cultures containing LPS, but not in unstimulated or concanavalin A
      stimulated cultures, (ii) mixtures of T lymphocytes and monocytes did not
      incorporate tritiated thymidine when LPS was added, and (iii) removal of
      monocytes from mixtures of T and B lymphocytes did not reduce the LPS-stimulated
      reaction. Stimulation of B lymphocytes by LPS occurred when less than 1%
      monocytes were present and was augmented by greater than 5% monocytes. The lipid
      A subunit of LPS was most likely responsible for mitogenesis, since purified
      lipid A stimulated lymphocytes and the addition of polymyxin B, a specific
      inhibitor of lipid A activity, blocked the lymphocyte reaction.

PMID- 3882032
TI  - Variability in the intradermal and in vitro lymphocyte responses to PPD in
      patients receiving isoniazid chemoprophylaxis.
AB  - Much attention has been focused on problems related to the interpretation of the
      tuberculin (Tb) skin test in terms of the "booster" phenomenon observed with
      repeated skin testing. However, relatively little attention has been given to the
      problem of the interpretation of repeat Tb skin tests in patients who have been
      given isoniazid (INH) chemoprophylaxis. Sixteen female hospital workers who were
      receiving INH for asymptomatic recent conversion of their Tb skin test, and 1
      male physician under treatment with INH and rifampin for active tuberculosis as a
      result of a patient exposure, were studied over a 1-yr period. Intradermal skin
      tests with 5 tuberculin units purified protein derivative (PPD) and assessment of
      in vitro lymphocyte proliferation and production of leukocyte inhibitory factor
      on exposure to PPD were performed on 4 occasions at 3-month intervals-3 during
      therapy and 1 after completion of therapy. Four of 10 patients tested on all
      occasions showed at least 1 negative Tb skin test. In 2 of 4, the reversions were
      not stable. Considerable variability was observed between results of skin tests
      and in vitro lymphocyte responses, and no one in vitro lymphocyte response to PPD
      was adequate to identify the presence of delayed hypersensitivity to PPD. On the
      basis of these data, it is concluded that the presence of a single negative PPD
      skin test during or shortly after the completion of INH chemoprophylaxis does not
      constitute sufficient evidence to conclude that a patient has had a stable skin
      test reversion. Confirmation of the loss of tuberculin reactivity requires the in
      vitro assessment of lymphocyte responses to PPD both in terms of proliferation
      and the production of a lymphokine(s).

PMID- 3882033
TI  - Influence of lung injury on pulmonary wedge-left atrial pressure correlation
      during positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation.
AB  - The correlation between pulmonary artery wedge pressure (Pw) and left atrial
      pressure (Pla) requires a continuous fluid column between the catheter tip and
      the left atrium. We hypothesized that lung injury may protect the fluid column
      from the collapsing effects of increased airway pressure. Correlation between Pw
      and Pla would then depend on catheter tip location in injured versus normal lung
      regions. In 7 anesthetized dogs with unilateral acid pneumonitis, we compared Pla
      and simultaneous Pw measurements from pulmonary artery catheters located in
      injured and normal lungs at different levels of positive end-expiratory pressure
      (PEEP). Studies were repeated in 10 dogs with normal lungs and 5 dogs with
      bilateral acid pneumonitis. In supine dogs with unilateral lung injury, Pw from
      the injured lung more accurately reflected Pla than did Pw obtained from the
      normal lung at PEEP levels of 7 mmHg or higher, in contrast to data from dogs
      with normal lungs or equally injured lungs. Discrepancies between Pw and Pla at
      PEEP levels of 7 and 11 mmHg from the normal lung were corrected when that lung
      was placed in the dependent position to increase venous pressure at the catheter
      tip. A good Pw-Pla correlation was not guaranteed by catheter tip location below
      the level of the left atrium during PEEP ventilation. We conclude that the
      continuity of the fluid column was protected by lung injury. Although Pw-Pla
      differences from the normal lung were modest at the levels of PEEP that are
      usually optimal for gas exchange in uneven lung injury, it is recommended that
      the injured lung should not be avoided during insertion of the balloon-tipped
      catheter.

PMID- 3882034
TI  - Extracellular matrix in normal and fibrotic human lungs.
AB  - Polyclonal affinity-purified antibodies to human collagen types I, III, and IV,
      and laminin were used to compare the extracellular matrix (ECM) in 10 normal and
      32 abnormal lungs by indirect immunofluorescence. In normal lungs, type IV
      collagen and laminin codistributed in a uniform linear pattern along the
      epithelial and endothelial basement membranes. Type III collagen was found within
      the alveolar septa and interstitium in an interrupted ribbonlike pattern and was
      aggregated at the entrance rings of the alveoli. Type I collagen was distributed
      irregularly within the alveolar wall and was less prominent than type III
      collagen. In patients with pulmonary disease not characterized by interstitial
      fibrosis (n = 15), the distribution of ECM components studied was essentially
      normal. In pulmonary disease in which interstitial fibrosis was the
      characteristic feature, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and adult
      respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (n = 17), collagen types I and III
      accumulated in the expanded interstitium. Type III collagen was initially
      predominant in the thickened alveolar septa and interstitium, whereas type I
      collagen appeared to be the principal collagen at later stages in the disease
      course. The basement membrane was disrupted early in the disease course with
      invasion of the alveolar spaces by interstitial collagens similar in type to
      those present in the adjacent interstitium.

PMID- 3882035
TI  - Oculoplethysmography and supraorbital Doppler evaluation of carotid disease. A
      reappraisal.
AB  - A variety of noninvasive tests are available for the evaluation of patients with
      suspected extracranial cerebrovascular disease. Recent emphasis on more
      sophisticated techniques has raised questions concerning the current utility of
      older methods, e.g., pulse delay oculoplethysmography (OPG) and supraorbital
      Doppler (SOD) examination. The results of OPG and SOD examination were compared
      with the findings of carotid arteriography in 75 consecutive patients. This
      analysis revealed a sensitivity of 78 per cent, specificity of 92 per cent, false
      positive rate of 12.5 per cent, false-negative rate of 15.8 per cent, and overall
      diagnostic accuracy of 85 per cent for OPG. Although the specificity of SOD was
      superior (94.3%), the sensitivity (41%) false-positive rate (16.6%), false
      negative rate (30.5%), and overall diagnostic accuracy of 71.6 per cent of SOD
      revealed it to be an inferior test of significant carotid stenosis. Based on its
      ease of performance, minimum of time required, and high level of diagnostic
      accuracy, OPG currently remains a valuable screening procedure for carotid
      disease, particularly in the asymptomatic bruit population.

PMID- 3882036
TI  - A stapler modification of the altemeier procedure for rectal prolapse.
      Experimental and clinical evaluation.
AB  - The Altemeier procedure remains one of the better alternatives in elderly
      patients with rectal prolapse too fragile to undergo an abdominal operation. The
      circular stapler was studied first in a dog model then in humans to ascertain
      whether it added anything to the previously well-described technique. A fixed
      rectal prolapse was created in dogs by means of a laparotomy. This was later
      repaired by a transanal technique using a stapler modification of the Altemeier
      procedure. The same perineal approach was then applied to two elderly female
      patients with complete rectal prolapse. It was found to improve the quality and
      ease of a difficult anastomosis. The stapler device allowed a higher colonic
      resection and may have improved the postoperative continence occurring in 50 per
      cent of the patients with this problem. The stapler anastomosis narrowed rapidly
      causing better retention of stool in the first several months after surgery. The
      two patients repaired in this manner have had no recurrences and are continent of
      solid stool 3 years after surgery.

PMID- 3882037
TI  - Sequential in-situ saphenous vein bypass. Early results and technique.
AB  - This report summarizes early results with saphenous vein bypass (SVB) utilizing
      both sequential and in-situ techniques (SIS SVB) in eight limbs requiring limb
      salvage. SIS SVB was performed to a variety of vessel combinations using "Y"
      graft, continuous, or vein extension techniques achieving early patency in all
      limbs, despite pedal arch disease. Postoperatively, there was a significant
      increase in ankle/brachial Doppler indices (ABI) (P less than 0.001) at dorsal
      pedal (0.23-0.88) and at posterior tibial (0.32-0.91). Successful isolated
      popliteal grafting was confirmed by return of phasic Doppler wave forms. All but
      one limb healed with minimal tissue loss within 1 month of bypass. Preoperative
      high resolution angiography and clinical Doppler evaluation of saphenous vein
      anatomy are mandatory to determine candidacy for SIS SVB.

PMID- 3882038
TI  - Extensive revascularization in patients with "nonreconstructible" vascular
      disease.
AB  - Elderly patients with severely ischemic lower extremities should undergo thorough
      noninvasive and angiographic evaluation. Although the visualization of a small
      nongraftable vessels in the lower extremity is a contraindication to an extensive
      limb salvage procedure, the inability to visualize angiographically any distal
      vessels in the lower extremity is not a contraindication. Patients with a
      severely ischemic but viable lower extremity and angiographic nonvisualization of
      any distal vessels of the lower extremity should be considered potential
      candidates for surgical exploration and possible salvage by simultaneous inflow
      and outflow procedures.

PMID- 3882039
TI  - Treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia. A prospective controlled trial of bone
      marrow transplantation versus consolidation chemotherapy.
AB  - In a prospective controlled trial, the relative effectiveness of allogeneic bone
      marrow transplantation and postremission chemotherapy was assessed for adult
      patients with acute myelogenous leukemia in first complete remission. Twenty
      three patients, 15 to 45 years of age, who had an HLA-identical sibling donor
      were designated to receive bone marrow transplantation. Forty-four patients who
      either lacked an HLA-identical sibling or were over 45 years of age were
      designated to receive intensive consolidation chemotherapy. The actuarial rate of
      leukemia relapse was significantly lower in the transplantation group than in the
      chemotherapy group (40 +/- 25% [95% confidence interval] compared with 71 +/-
      14%, p = 0.01). Actuarial survival at greater than 4 years was not significantly
      different (40 +/- 21% compared with 27 +/- 14%, p greater than 0.4). These data
      show that bone marrow transplantation is more effective than consolidation
      chemotherapy in preventing leukemia relapse, but overall survival was not
      improved in this study.

PMID- 3882040
TI  - Non-drug treatment of hypertension.
AB  - As more people with mild hypertension are treated, non-drug therapies should be
      used more frequently and effectively. These therapies include weight reduction;
      sodium restriction; potassium, calcium, and magnesium supplementation; other
      dietary changes; exercise; relaxation; and moderation of alcohol use. Such
      therapies have been inadequately used, in part because of a lack of confidence in
      their effectiveness and overconfidence in the effectiveness and safety of drug
      therapy. Evidence about the effectiveness, mode of action, safety, and patient
      acceptance of the various non-drug therapies is reviewed, and practical
      guidelines to their use are provided. Non-drug therapies may provide enough
      antihypertensive effect to lower blood pressure of many patients with mild
      hypertension to a safe level without the need for antihypertensive drugs.

PMID- 3882041
TI  - Myeloblastic leukemia: a randomized trial.

PMID- 3882042
TI  - Cyclosporine: renal effects and prostacyclin.

PMID- 3882043
TI  - A library for internists V. Recommended by the American College of Physicians.

PMID- 3882044
TI  - Early prediction of neurological outcome when the very preterm infant is
      discharged from the intensive care unit.

PMID- 3882045
TI  - Historical review and assessment of clinical hemoglobinometry in the United
      States.
AB  - An historical review of clinical hemoglobinometry has been presented.
      Investigators who have made important contributions to our knowledge of
      hemoglobin have been cited. A questionnaire was distributed to 750 clinical
      laboratories in the United States to ascertain (a) the type of instrumentation
      used routinely to measure hemoglobin; (b) the methods that are now being used for
      clinical hemoglobinometry; (c) reference material that is used for daily quality
      control; and (d) the methods used for primary standardization. The results of the
      263 responses to the questionnaire are reported. It is noteworthy that at the
      present time, 78 percent of the responding laboratories use the same
      instrumentation system. An assessment has been made of the precision of
      hemoglobin measurements undertaken in clinical laboratories in the United States
      over the past four decades. The data indicate that hemoglobin measurements during
      the past four years have become significantly more precise. There is probably no
      single factor responsible for this timely improvement; however, it may be
      inferred that the shift from manual to automated methodology in recent years is
      an important contributing factor.

PMID- 3882046
TI  - Measurement of total lactate dehydrogenase activity.
AB  - Lactate dehydrogenase (LD: EC 1.1.1.27) is the most important clinically of
      several dehydrogenases occurring in human serum. Lactate dehydrogenase is
      cytoplasmic in its cellular location and in any one tissue is composed of one or
      two of five possible isoenzymes. While many of its clinical applications involve
      quantification of one or more specific serum isoenzymes, an estimate of total LD
      is required usually. Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible reaction: L
      lactate + NAD+ in equilibrium pyruvate + NADH. The bidirectional reaction is
      monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring either the increase in NADH at 340
      nm produced in the lactate-to-pyruvate reaction (L----P) or by the decrease in
      NADH at 340 nm produced in the pyruvate-to-lactate (P----L) reaction. Kinetic
      assay systems for the measurement of the reaction system in both directions are
      comprehensively reviewed as well as the standardization efforts proposed to date.

PMID- 3882047
TI  - Adaptation of EMIT drug assays to a random-access automated clinical analyzer.
AB  - Enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) assays for theophylline,
      carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, valproic acid, acetaminophen, gentamicin
      and tobramycin, have been adapted to the Technicon RA-1000 random access
      analyzer. Working reagents are stable for a period of at least one week, and
      calibration need only be performed when preparing fresh reagents. Between-day
      precision ranged from 2.2 to 5.5 percent and correlations with similar EMIT
      assays performed on a centrifugal analyzer were satisfactory. Excellent results
      were obtained on proficiency testing samples when analyzed for theophylline,
      phenobarbital, phenytoin and acetaminophen. The procedures have been adapted to
      emergency testing of these four drugs.

PMID- 3882048
TI  - Scope and applications of forensic entomology.

PMID- 3882049
TI  - Population ecology of tsetse.

PMID- 3882050
TI  - Ecology of Ixodes dammini-borne human babesiosis and Lyme disease.

PMID- 3882051
TI  - Phytoalexins.
AB  - Plants respond to infection by accumulating low-molecular-weight antimicrobial
      stress metabolites called phytoalexins. The phytoalexins are generally lipophilic
      substances that are products of a plant's secondary metabolism, and they often
      accumulate at infection sites to concentrations which are inhibitory to the
      development of fungi and bacteria. Resistance and susceptibility in plants are
      not determined by the presence or absence of genetic information for resistance
      mechanisms, including biosynthetic pathways for phytoalexin synthesis, but,
      rather, by the speed with which the information is expressed, the activity of the
      gene products, and the magnitude of the resistance response. Unlike the antibody
      antigen component of the immune system in animals, low specificity is the general
      rule for the induction of phytoalexin accumulation and their activity against
      microorganisms. Annual plants can be systemically immunized against diseases
      caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses by restricted infection with the
      pathogens, avirulent forms of pathogens, or compounds formed in immunized plants.
      Immunization induces plants to respond rapidly to infection with a multicomponent
      resistant response. The biosynthesis and accumulation of phytoalexins is one
      component of this resistant response. Resistance may be elicited by components in
      the walls and cell surfaces of fungi and bacteria and by compounds liberated from
      cells, their walls, or surfaces. Resistance can be enhanced or suppressed by
      products produced by the pathogen, the host, or by their interaction. The
      successful pathogen avoids recognition by the plant as nonself, suppresses the
      resistance response, or detoxifies its products. The actors in this play for
      survival on the metabolic level include the shikimate, acetate-malonate, and
      acetate-mevalonate pathways; glucans; oligogalacturonates; glycoproteins;
      lipopolysaccharides; and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. The play is directed by
      the genetic information of host and pathogen, and this direction is at the level
      of recognition and not by the presence or absence of mechanisms to contain the
      development of infectious agents.

PMID- 3882052
TI  - Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency in yeast: a mutant affecting the interaction
      between the glyoxylate and Krebs cycles.
AB  - A single-gene nuclear mutant has been isolated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae which
      cannot grow on minimal medium supplemented with ethanol, acetate, pyruvate,
      aspartate, or oxaloacetate as sole carbon sources. It will grow on complete
      medium with these carbon sources, and on minimal medium with dextrose as carbon
      source. The only supplement which will permit growth on minimal medium with
      ethanol or pyruvate is aspartate, so the mutant is an aspartate auxotroph when
      grown on these nonfermentable substrates. It exhibits enhanced levels of
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.49) when grown on dextrose. The
      mutant can survive as an alcohol dehydrogenase-negative, indicating that the
      defect is not in the Krebs Cycle or in electron transport. When grown on
      pyruvate, it produces two to three times as much free alanine and half as much
      aspartate plus asparagine as the wild type. Two different assays show that the
      mutant phenotype is due to a deficiency of pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1), an
      important anaplerotic enzyme. Inferences that can be drawn from the
      characteristics of this mutant include (a) the glyoxylate cycle is probably
      located entirely outside the mitochondria, (b) the inner mitochondrial membrane
      appears to be impermeable to oxaloacetate, and (c) a succinate-malate exchange
      across the inner mitochondrial membrane connects the glyoxylate and Krebs cycles
      when yeast is grown on minimal medium with ethanol as a sole carbon source.

PMID- 3882053
TI  - Inhibition of chymase activity by phosphoglycerides.
AB  - The activity of chymase was markedly inhibited by phosphoglycerides such as
      phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol, but was not
      affected by acylglycerides, phosphoglyceroserine, serine, inositol, or glycerol.
      These results suggest that both the nonpolar hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails and
      the polar hydrophilic head are essential for the inhibitory effects of
      phosphoglycerides. Binding of a primary amine to an anionic polar head of
      phosphatidic acid, such as in phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine,
      slightly decreased the inhibitory effect of phosphatidic acid and, conversely,
      binding of a strong cation to the head, such as in phosphatidylcholine, resulted
      in its activation of chymase. Phosphatidic acid containing an unsaturated fatty
      acid, such as dioleoyl phosphatidic acid, caused the same extent of inhibition as
      natural phosphatidic acid from bovine brain, but was 20 times more inhibitory
      than phosphatidic acid containing a saturated fatty acid, such as distearoyl
      phosphatidic acid. The inhibition by phosphatidylserine was noncompetitive and
      pseudoirreversible, and the Ki value was 0.54 microM. The inhibition of chymase
      by phosphatidylserine was pH dependent, being strong at pH 8.5 to 9.5 but weak
      below pH 7.5. Phosphatidylserine specifically inhibited chymase and elastase; it
      did not inhibit the other chymotrypsin-type serine endopeptidases tested,
      trypsin, papain, collagenase, carboxypeptidase A, or cathepsin D.

PMID- 3882054
TI  - Structure of apoproteins in insect lipophorin.
AB  - The two polypeptide chains of cockroach and locust lipophorins were separated and
      their amino acid compositions were determined. Circular dichroic spectra of the
      lipophorins and apolipophorin from 190 to 250 nm showed a single trough at 218 nm
      and a peak at 194 nm. Infrared spectra of the lipophorins in D2O showed a strong
      peak at 1625 cm-1 and a weak shoulder at 1693 cm-1 corresponding to v (pi, 0) and
      nu (0, pi) of antiparallel pleated sheet. The resonance frequency splitting delta
      nu = nu (0, pi) -nu (pi, 0) was 68 cm-1, which was larger than that of ordinary
      globular proteins containing antiparallel pleated sheet. From circular dichroic
      and infrared spectra it was concluded that lipophorins contained polypeptides
      rich in antiparallel pleated sheet with longer unbroken extensions than the case
      for ordinary globular proteins. Partial proteolytic digestion study of
      lipophorins with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and subtilisin showed that the larger
      apolipophorin (AL1) was exposed to the surface of the particle and the smaller
      apolipophorin (AL2) lay protected from the attack of the enzymes. Crosslinked
      products between AL1 and AL2 were readily obtained when dimethylsuberimidate or
      dimethyladipimidate was added to the lipophorin solution, without giving
      lipophorin dimers, suggesting that the two chains were located within 11 A from
      each other. Such structural features of insect lipoprotein were compared with
      other insect lipophorins and the human serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL).
      Similarities between lipophorins and LDL were found in the molecular weight,
      amino acid compositions, and the secondary structure of major apoproteins.

PMID- 3882056
TI  - Purification and characterization of a fatty acyl-CoA hydrolase from the
      uropygial glands of Peking ducks (Anas domesticus).
AB  - In a previous communication the occurrence of a medium-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase
      designated thioesterase-B in the uropygial gland of mallard ducks was reported
      [L. Rogers, P. E. Kolattukudy, and M. J. de Renobales (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257,
      880-886]. In the present study, thioesterase-B was purified from the
      postmicrosomal supernatant of homogenized uropygial glands from Peking ducks
      (Anas domesticus). Most of the contaminating thioesterase activities were removed
      by ammonium sulfate fractionation. The 55% ammonium sulfate supernatant,
      containing thioesterase-B, was chromatographed on hydroxylapatite followed by gel
      filtration on Sephadex G-100. The remaining contaminants were removed by
      chromatofocusing followed by desalting on Sephadex G-75. This procedure gave a
      26% yield with a nearly 200-fold purification. Gel filtration of the purified
      enzyme showed that the molecular weight of the native enzyme was 56,300, whereas
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis of components separated by
      chromatofocusing showed that the purified enzyme contained enzymatically active
      proteins of molecular weights 59,400, 58,300, 56,000, and 55,800. The four
      species differed slightly in pI (4.9, 4.7, 4.45, and 4.40) but they were
      kinetically and immunologically indistinguishable. All four had the same N
      terminal sequence. The purified thioesterase preparation showed a pH optimum of
      9.3 with C12-CoA but the pH optimum was dependent on the chain length of the acyl
      group. At pH 8.0, C10 was the preferred substrate with less activity on C12, C8,
      and C14. The enzymatic activity was stimulated by bovine serum albumin and was
      inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. Involvement of active serine in catalysis
      was suggested by inhibition of the enzyme by diethylpyrocarbonate,
      diisopropylfluorophosphate and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride.

PMID- 3882055
TI  - Characterization of a spinach photosystem II core preparation isolated by a
      simplified method.
AB  - A photosystem II core complex from spinach exhibiting high rates of electron
      transport was obtained rapidly and in high yield by treatment of a Tris
      extracted, O2-evolving photosystem II preparation with the detergent dodecyl-beta
      D-maltoside. The core complex was essentially free of light-harvesting
      chlorophyll-protein and photosystem I polypeptides, and was highly enriched in
      the polypeptides associated with the photosystem II reaction center (45 and 49
      kDa), cytochrome b559, and three polypeptides in the region 32-34 kDa. The
      photosystem II core complex contained two chlorophyll-proteins which had a
      slightly higher apparent molecular mass than CPa-1 and CPa-2. Additionally, a
      high-molecular-mass chlorophyll-protein complex termed CPa* was observed, which
      exhibited a low fluorescence yield when illuminated with ultraviolet light. This
      observation suggests that CPa* contains a functionally efficient quencher of
      chlorophyll fluorescence, possibly P680.

PMID- 3882057
TI  - Peptide products of the cleavage of bovine preprolactin by signal peptidase.
AB  - Cleavage of preprolactin (pPL) by detergent-solubilized signal peptidase produced
      mature prolactin and two small peptides derived from the signal peptide region of
      the pPL molecule. The production of both peptides was dependent on functional
      signal peptidase; the peptides were not generated at detergent concentrations
      that abolished signal peptidase activity. The amount of both peptides was
      proportional to the concentration of signal peptidase in the assay. The
      appearance of both peptides was insensitive to protease inhibitors, as was signal
      peptidase activity. The size, labeling characteristics, and amino acid sequence
      of the larger peptide, peptide 1, corresponded to those of the intact signal
      peptide of pPL. The smaller peptide, peptide 2, lacked the carboxy terminus of
      the signal peptide, and was, therefore, a fragment of intact signal peptide.
      These results demonstrate the endoproteolytic nature of signal peptidase.

PMID- 3882058
TI  - Double blind trial of bezafibrate in familial hypercholesterolaemia.
AB  - A six month, double blind, crossover controlled trial of bezafibrate was
      conducted in 14 children with familial hypercholesterolaemia all of whom had a
      strong family history of early coronary heart disease. The bezafibrate was given
      twice daily in a dose of 10 to 20 mg/kg/day. The mean plasma total cholesterol
      concentration on bezafibrate was 22% lower than during the period on placebo and
      there was a moderate rise in high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Bezafibrate
      may be a useful adjunct to treatment in these children.

PMID- 3882059
TI  - High energy feeding in small for gestation infants.
AB  - Seventeen low weight infants with symmetrical growth retardation (no wasting)
      were entered in a randomised, double-blind comparison of high energy, 3.6 MJ/L
      (87 kcal/100 ml) v standard energy 2.7 MJ/L (65 kcal/100 ml) feeds given ad
      libitum during their first three months. Intakes were measured throughout, and
      energy absorption was determined at home from balance studies at 6 weeks and 3
      months of age. Infants on high energy feeds absorbed the same proportion of
      energy intake but consumed less feed throughout the study. Regulation of feed
      intake was such that by 2 months of age energy intakes were similar in both
      groups, though before this time infants on high energy feeds had a higher net
      energy intake and grew slightly faster. Appetite regulation seems to be present
      at birth or soon after but is not fully developed for several weeks, and until
      this time increased energy intake can be imposed by adjusting the energy density
      of the feed.

PMID- 3882060
TI  - Nonlinear behaviour of anti-dsDNA antibodies in dilution experiments using
      ultramicro ELISA.

PMID- 3882061
TI  - A randomised double-blind trial of diltiazem in the treatment of Raynaud's
      phenomenon.
AB  - The efficacy of diltiazem in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon was assessed
      in a prospective double-blind randomised cross-over trial in 16 patients (7
      progressive systemic sclerosis, 2 rheumatoid arthritis, 1 systemic lupus
      erythematosus, and 6 idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon). Each patient received
      diltiazem 120 mg and placebo three times a day for two weeks. The attack
      frequency of Raynaud's phenomenon was measured by a diary count; its severity was
      assessed by means of a 10 cm visual analogue scale with 0 representing minimum
      and 10 representing maximum severity. Diltiazem significantly decreased the
      frequency and severity of Raynaud's phenomenon as compared with placebo. This
      improvement was striking in patients with idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon but did
      not reach statistical significance in patients with associated systemic disease.
      We conclude that diltiazem is effective in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon,
      especially in patients with idiopathic vasospastic disease.

PMID- 3882062
TI  - Evidence against HLA and immunological dependence of disease outbreak in SLE.
      Immunological characterisation of identical twins clinically discordant for SLE.
AB  - Identical female twins clinically discordant for 20 years for SLE were studied.
      Their HLA-haplotype was A1,28; B8w6,w35; Cw3,w7; Dr3,4. Both twins had a raised
      erythrocyte sedimentation rate, autoantibodies, and circulating immune complexes.
      The diseases sibling had a reversed OKT4/OKT8 ratio (0.43), decreased helper T
      cell number, defective pokeweed mitogen (PWM) induced plasma cell
      differentiation, and overactive hydrocortisone sensitive suppressor cells.
      Immunological abnormalities may be only partly HLA related (B8; Dr3), but are
      most probably secondary to the disease process in the sibling with SLE. Exogenous
      and/or endogenous factor(s) other than genetic or immunological are suggested as
      being operative in the predisposition to and expression of SLE.

PMID- 3882063
TI  - A single institution, randomized, prospective trial of cyclosporin versus
      azathioprine-antilymphocyte globulin for immunosuppression in renal allograft
      recipients.
AB  - Between September 26, 1980 and December 31, 1983, 230 splenectomized, transfused
      renal allograft recipients were randomized to treatment with either cyclosporin
      prednisone (N = 121, 68 diabetic and 53 nondiabetic recipients; 73 cadaver and 48
      related donor grafts) or azathioprine-prednisone-antilymphocyte globulin (N =
      109, 61 diabetic and 48 nondiabetic recipients; 69 cadaver and 40 related donor
      grafts). The results were analyzed on March 31, 1984. Actuarial patient survival
      rates at 2 years were 88% in the cyclosporin and 91% in the azathioprine groups
      (p = 0.649). Graft survival rates at 2 years were 82% in all cyclosporin and 77%
      in all azathioprine-treated recipients (p = 0.150); the corresponding figures in
      the recipients of related donor grafts were 87% vs. 83% (p = 0.656), and in the
      recipients of cadaver donor grafts were 78% vs. 73% (p = 0.178). The 2-year graft
      survival rates were 81% in cyclosporin and 74% in azathioprine-treated diabetic
      recipients (p = 0.150) and 83% in cyclosporin and 81% in azathioprine-treated
      nondiabetic recipients (p = 0.604). Within the cyclosporin and azathioprine
      treatment groups, the differences in graft survival rates between diabetic and
      nondiabetic recipients were not significant (p = 0.822 and 0.423, respectively).
      Although there were no significant differences in graft survival rates, the
      cumulative incidence of rejection episodes within the first post-transplant year
      was significantly lower in the cyclosporin (34%) than in the azathioprine (60%)
      treated recipients (p = 0.001). In recipients of technically successful cadaver
      kidney grafts, the incidence of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) was 31% in
      cyclosporin and 30% in azathioprine-treated recipients (p = 0.822). Graft
      survival rates in azathioprine- and cyclosporin-treated recipients who did or did
      not undergo ATN were 72% vs. 89% (p = 0.011). The mean (+/- S.D.) serum
      creatinine levels (mg/dl) at 1 year were higher in cyclosporin (2.0 +/- 0.6) than
      in azathioprine (1.5 +/- 0.5) treated recipients (p = less than 0.001). A
      reduction in cyclosporin dose because of nephrotoxicity was required in 96 of the
      cyclosporin-treated patients (70%), and 25 were switched to treatment with
      azathioprine (21%). The incidence of all infections in cyclosporin-treated
      patients was approximately half of that in azathioprine-treated patients, and
      only nine per cent of the cyclosporin-treated patients were diagnosed to have
      cytomegalovirus infections during the first post-transplant year vs. 28% in
      azathioprine-treated patients (p = 0.002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3882064
TI  - Pulmonary artery catheter infections. A prospective study.
AB  - Despite the widespread use of the Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheter, the
      incidence of catheter tip infection is not well-established. One-hundred and
      seventy catheter insertions in 113 patients were examined in this prospective
      study. Using a semiquantitative culture technique, the incidence of positive
      catheter tip cultures was 5.8%. No significant risk factors for catheter
      infection were identified, although there was a trend toward more frequent
      infection in patients not receiving antibiotics (p less than 0.06). Catheter tip
      infection appeared to result most frequently from a distant focus of infection.
      Although the overall incidence of positive blood cultures was significantly
      higher in the positive vs. negative catheter tip groups (37.9% vs. 10.6%, p less
      than 0.001), blood cultures were generally not a reliable guide to the presence
      of a catheter tip infection. We conclude that catheter infection can be contained
      at an acceptable level by following a reasonable protocol for catheter
      management.

PMID- 3882065
TI  - Further cardiac transplant procedures in patients with heterotopic heart
      transplants.
AB  - Seven patients with heterotopic heart transplants have undergone further heart
      transplant procedures. In 5, the first heterotopically placed donor heart was
      excised and replaced with the second donor heart. In 2, the first heterotopic
      donor heart was left in situ and the patient's own heart (then nonfunctioning)
      was excised and replaced by the second donor heart; thus, these patients
      underwent orthotopic transplantation and were left with two donor hearts. The
      decision to perform retransplantation in a patient undergoing irreversible acute
      rejection is usually straightforward, but the timing of a further transplant
      procedure in a patient with advanced graft arteriosclerosis may present a
      difficult problem. Two of the 7 patients in this series died of infectious
      complications within the first 3 months after retransplantation. A third patient
      acutely rejected the second donor heart within 5 days, but survived an additional
      17 months with the support of his own cardiomyopathic heart. Four patients remain
      alive and well between 5 and 36 months following the second transplant and
      between 17 and 54 months following the first transplant procedure.

PMID- 3882066
TI  - Pulmonary stenosis in infants and young children.
AB  - Twenty-four patients less than 3 years old underwent operation for pulmonary
      stenosis. Pulmonary dysplasia was diagnosed preoperatively in only 4 patients; in
      20 patients the lesion was categorized simply as pulmonary stenosis. At
      operation, more severe valve deformities were often present in patients less than
      2 years of age. Preoperative evaluation did not reveal the extent of the
      deformity in 7 additional patients. The deformities included not only valvular
      dysplasia (thickened redundant valve cusps) but also supravalvular and annular
      abnormalities. Relief of obstruction was obtained only when all components of the
      obstructive abnormality were relieved. Patch angioplasty of the right ventricular
      outflow tract was necessary in 13 patients with complex morphology. Valvotomy was
      effective only for pulmonary stenosis due to pure commissural fusion. A spectrum
      of the morphology of pulmonary stenosis is recognized, with more complex lesions
      than simple commissural fusion identified in younger children. The more complex
      lesions may require more extensive operations (outflow tract patch) to completely
      relieve the obstructive pathological condition in the outflow tract.

PMID- 3882067
TI  - Combined techniques for double valve replacement in the infant.
AB  - A 6-month-old female infant was seen with heart failure secondary to severe
      aortic and mitral regurgitation. As a neonate the infant had undergone an aortic
      valvotomy for congenital aortic stenosis. Subsequently the infant had aortic and
      mitral regurgitation with an infarcted papillary muscle. Double valve replacement
      was carried out with the St. Jude valve. The first approach was by the Manouguian
      procedure with extension of the aortotomy out between the left coronary cusp and
      the noncoronary cusp. The posterior mitral apparatus was resected, and a 19-mm
      St. Jude aortic valve was sewn into the mitral position. Because the enlarged
      aortic valve annulus was still inadequate to accommodate a 19-mm St. Jude valve,
      a Konno procedure was carried out to enlarge the aortic ring anteriorly. Atrial,
      septal, and aortic repair and right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction were
      carried out with bovine pericardium. Bypass was carried out with standard
      techniques of hypothermia, aortic cross-clamping, and cardioplegia. Postoperative
      anticoagulation therapy was initially with aspirin and dipyridamole (Persantine);
      however, clotting of the mitral prosthesis necessitated treatment with urokinase
      and heparin, which completely resolved the clot. Sodium warfarin (Coumadin)
      therapy was then begun. One year postoperatively, the child is developing
      normally.

PMID- 3882068
TI  - Implantation of pericardial substitutes.
AB  - Pericardial substitutes have been shown to decrease the formation of pericardial
      adhesions. For a pericardial substitute to be properly implanted, it must lie
      over the heart smoothly without buckling and prevent the accumulation of blood
      under its surface. The technique we describe prevents buckling of the pericardial
      substitute and consequently reduces the formation of pericardial adhesions.

PMID- 3882069
TI  - Iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula of the internal mammary artery. Transcatheter
      intravascular coil occlusion.
AB  - We encountered a case of right internal mammary artery to innominate vein fistula
      following subclavian vein catheterization and the projection of the coil spring
      was projected after transcatheter intravascular coil occlusion. We were worried
      about both distal thromboembolism from small thrombi forming on a portion of the
      coil spring and stenosis of the subclavian artery. However, there was no evidence
      of thromboembolism of the distal artery, and good patency of the right subclavian
      artery was shown by an angiogram performed six months later. The patient has been
      receiving heparin therapy during hemodialysis, which should help prevent
      thromboembolism of the distal artery.

PMID- 3882070
TI  - Hemoglobin A1 in renal transplant recipients.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to determine levels of hemoglobin A1 in renal and heart
      transplant recipients. Hemoglobin A1 was measured by separation from Hb A using
      an affinity-column chromatography system. Significantly elevated levels of Hb A1
      were found in all renal transplant patients; diabetic transplant recipients had
      the highest levels. There was no correlation between serum creatinine and Hb A1
      levels in these transplant recipients. The Hb A1 level did correlate with the
      prior level of glycemia in these patients. Our findings raised the specter of the
      consequences of disturbed carbohydrate metabolism in these patients as not being
      different than that observed with other forms of end-stage renal disease
      management. Finally, in both diabetic and nondiabetic renal transplant
      recipients, measurement of Hb A1 can serve as a useful adjunct to assess prior
      glycemia when such information is not available to the clinician.

PMID- 3882072
TI  - Pretest temperature effects on CAP syphilis serology survey samples.
AB  - The College of American Pathologists syphilis serology survey participants
      periodically question survey-sample stability when the samples have possibly been
      exposed to temperature extremes during shipment. In this study it was
      demonstrated that short-term pretest incubations at temperatures above 58 degrees
      C (136.4 degrees F) usually cause a reduction in both rapid plasma reagin and FTA
      ABS reactivity. No reactivity changes occurred in either test with short-term
      exposures to temperatures between -80 degrees C and 58 degrees C.

PMID- 3882071
TI  - Renal function following infusion of radiologic contrast material. A prospective
      controlled study.
AB  - In a prospective, controlled study undertaken to assess renal function following
      infusion of radiologic contrast material, serum creatinine level was determined
      before scan and for three days after scan in 193 patients undergoing computed
      tomographic (CT) brain scan with contrast enhancement (contrast medium volume, 60
      to 350 mL) and in 233 controls undergoing CT scan without infusion. Renal failure
      developed in four patients who had infusion of contrast material and in three
      patients who had no infusion (greater than or equal to 50% increase in serum
      creatinine level and above normal). In the high-risk group (serum creatinine
      level greater than or equal to 1.5 mg/dL or diabetes mellitus), renal failure
      developed in none of the 19 patients infused and in two of 46 in the noninfused
      group. It was concluded that previous uncontrolled studies may have overestimated
      the risk of renal failure induced by contrast material.

PMID- 3882073
TI  - Duodenal microgastrinoma producing the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
AB  - A 1.5-mm gastrinoma of the duodenal wall was discovered during dissection of a
      duodenal ulcer in a patient in whom the Zollinger-Ellison (ZE) syndrome was later
      suspected due to gross autopsy findings. Multiple duodenal ulcers and gastric
      rugal hypertrophy were noted, and hyperplasia of the parietal cells associated
      with a duodenal gastrinoma was confirmed by immunohistochemical studies. In many
      cases of ZE syndrome, a primary neoplasm cannot be localized by angiography,
      computed tomography, ultrasound, or palpation at exploratory laparotomy. If a
      neoplasm cannot be identified, many cases will be attributed to islet cell
      hyperplasia, or antropyloric gastrin cell (G cell) hyperplasia. This case
      confirms that the primary neoplasm may be grossly undetectable and still produce
      the clinicomorphologic manifestations of this syndrome.

PMID- 3882074
TI  - Pulmonary endodermal tumor resembling fetal lung. Report of a case with
      immunohistochemical studies.
AB  - A tumor of a 12-year-old boy was studied immunohistochemically by utilizing an
      extensive battery of antisera against active amines and peptides. The tumor
      contained argyrophilic cells and resembled fetal lung. The positive
      immunoreaction in tumor cells for active amines and peptides further supports the
      probable derivation of the tumor from bronchopulmonary endocrine cells.

PMID- 3882075
TI  - Sarcomatoid transitional cell carcinomas of the renal pelvis. An ultrastructural
      and immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary tract may occasionally assume a
      partial or complete spindle cell pattern of growth, leading to the erroneous
      classification of some true carcinomas as sarcomas. We have recently observed two
      such tumors of the renal pelvis. In these cases, ultrastructural study showed
      that the spindle cells retained features of epithelial differentiation; this
      conclusion was further supported by positive results of several
      immunohistochemical stains, using biotinylated peanut agglutinin and soybean
      agglutinin, and a rabbit antiserum directed against keratin proteins. In
      addition, both tumors manifested immunoreactivity for blood-group antigens, using
      primary murine monoclonal antibodies. The results of these studies suggest that
      immunocytochemistry is a helpful diagnostic adjunct in the proper classification
      of sarcomatoid urothelial neoplasms.

PMID- 3882076
TI  - Sessile adenoma of the gallbladder. Reappraisal of its importance as a
      precancerous lesion.
AB  - Three hundred gallbladders from patients with cholelithiasis were examined under
      a dissection microscope. Sixteen (5%) were found to have what have been called
      sessile adenomas. They consisted of mixtures of hyperplastic lining epithelium
      and metaplastic mucous glands, and their interstitium often included smooth
      muscle fibers. Small foci of moderately severe cellular atypism were present in
      19% of the adenoma cases, but none had definitive evidence of malignancy.
      Carcinoembryonic antigen was demonstrated in hyperplastic lining epithelium with
      or without cellular atypism in 31% of the cases. Sessile adenomas most likely
      represent reactive overgrowth and therefore we prefer to term them hyperplastic
      polyps.

PMID- 3882077
TI  - Behavior modification in physical therapy.
AB  - Behavioral techniques reported to improve ambulation skills among physically
      handicapped persons include both reward and desensitization procedures. This
      report describes the application of other behavior modification principles to two
      patients who resisted physical therapy (PT) designed to educate them in the use
      of orthopedic assistive devices. Peer modeling was used with case 1, a 2 1/2-year
      old girl with complete L4 spina bifida who cried frequently when wearing her
      brace, and refused to walk except with much assistance. Case 2 was a 21-year-old
      hemiplegic man seen two years after a severe head injury. Initially, severe
      tantrum behavior accompanied all demands placed on him. Treatment involved a
      combination of contingent music for being quiet and contingent aversive auditory
      feedback for yelling. In both cases clinically significant behavioral changes
      were observed. Results are discussed with respect to the cost effectiveness of
      behavioral interventions and the interdisciplinary coordination of rehabilitation
      team members.

PMID- 3882078
TI  - The development of arterial prostheses. A personal view.

PMID- 3882079
TI  - Classification of carotid bifurcation disease using quantitative Doppler spectrum
      analysis.
AB  - Spectrum analysis of continuous-wave Doppler recordings from the region of the
      carotid bifurcation was used to classify the degree of stenosis in the internal
      (ICA) and external (ECA) carotid arteries. Measurements of systolic peak
      frequency, end-diastolic frequency, and the degree of spectral broadening were
      used to define five ICA disease categories: 0% to 15% diameter reduction (DR),
      16% to 49% DR, 50% to 80% DR, greater than 80% DR, and occlusion. The results
      were compared to contrast arteriography in 122 patients (243 arteries). The
      agreement with angiography in classifying ICA stenosis was 82%. Doppler spectrum
      analysis identified 96% of hemodynamically significant disease (greater than 50%
      DR) in the ICA and ECA and 97% of ICA occlusions. Attention to the common carotid
      artery waveform and the ICA diastolic frequency improved the accuracy of
      predicting greater than 80% DR and occlusion of the ICA. Noninvasive
      classification of carotid bifurcation disease is useful in clinical decision
      making to select the angiographic technique most likely to accurately define
      disease morphology and to follow up patients for disease progression.

PMID- 3882080
TI  - Postoperative surveillance. An effective means of detecting correctable lesions
      that threaten graft patency.
AB  - Thirteen patients with recurrent ischemia following previous vascular surgery and
      13 patients with primary ischemia were prospectively evaluated with segmental
      Doppler pressure indices and selective intravenous digital subtraction
      angiography. Ten patients with recurrent postoperative ischemia had thrombosed
      bypasses, and three had stenosed but patent grafts. Eight (62%) of the 13
      patients had successful vascular repair, the rest had amputations. All patients
      with previous vascular surgery and those with primary bypasses were prospectively
      followed up with segmental Doppler pressure indices. Falling segmental Doppler
      pressure index values occurred in eight patients and in six patients prior to
      onset of recurrent ischemia. Intravenous digital subtraction angiography
      demonstrated correctable stenotic lesions in the six asymptomatic patients and
      untreatable host vessel occlusion in two symptomatic patients. Corrective surgery
      successfully preserved patency of all stenosed grafts. In summary, postoperative
      surveillance can detect occlusive changes before recurrent symptoms occur. Repair
      of stenosed grafts is more successful than repair of occluded grafts.

PMID- 3882081
TI  - Brachiocephalic arterial occlusions and stenoses. Manifestations and management
      of complex lesions.
AB  - Complex stenotic and occlusive lesions involving multiple brachiocephalic
      arteries were encountered in 17 symptomatic patients, 25 to 76 years of age.
      Symptoms included hemispheric transient ischemic attacks (16), visual symptoms
      (ten), global cerebral ischemia (11), true syncope (six), upper extremity
      ischemic symptoms (eight), and frank tissue loss (one). Of 68 brachiocephalic
      arteries, 53 exhibited hemodynamically significant stenoses, including 21 that
      were totally occluded. Transthoracic surgical reconstruction consisted of bypass
      grafting (11), innominate artery endarterectomy (five), or proximal left common
      carotid endarterectomy with reimplantation into the contralateral carotid artery
      (one). There were no operative deaths and only one transient perioperative
      neurologic deficit. All patients had relief of symptoms. When multiple
      brachiocephalic arterial occlusions and stenoses preclude standard cervical
      reconstructive procedures, direct transthoracic reconstruction is appropriate and
      may be undertaken with acceptable risk in properly selected patients.

PMID- 3882082
TI  - The significance of hydronephrosis after aortofemoral reconstruction.
AB  - Hydronephrosis due to ureteral obstruction is a rarely reported complication of
      aortic bypass grafting. Patients who had undergone aortic reconstruction were
      screened using serial real-time ultrasound examination to detect ureteral
      obstruction. The clinical course and incidence of graft complications, renal
      impairment, amputation, and death were determined for hydronephrotic patients and
      compared with the incidence of similar complications in a control group.
      Hydronephrotic patients had an extremely high incidence of graft infection,
      anastomotic aneurysm, graft thrombosis, and amputation. Obstructed ureters were
      at high risk for intraoperative injury during removal of infected aortic grafts.
      A subgroup of hydronephrotic patients who developed multiple anastomotic
      aneurysms without graft infection was identified. Hydronephrosis was frequently
      silent, and detection required active investigation. After aortic reconstruction,
      routine screening with real-time ultrasound examination appears warranted to
      identify a high-risk subset of patients.

PMID- 3882083
TI  - Donor and recipient origin of herpesvirus-reactive lymphocytes after bone marrow
      transplantation. Brief report.
AB  - Cellular reactivity to herpesviruses was studied after bone marrow
      transplantation (BMT). In 3 patients all virus-stimulated lymphocytes were of
      donor type. In the fourth patient, 14 per cent of the HSV stimulated cells were
      of recipient origin at 6 months after BMT.

PMID- 3882084
TI  - Phorbol ester effect in platelets, lymphocytes, and leukemic cells (HL-60) is
      associated with enhanced phosphorylation of class I HLA antigens. Coprecipitation
      of myosin light chain.
AB  - Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) is a potent tumor promoter. However, the
      mechanism of its effect is still unknown. In the present study we use two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis to show that the PMA effect on platelets is
      associated with enhanced phosphorylation of a series of polypeptides at 44K which
      migrate close to but distinct from a previously reported 47K protein. We
      identified these proteins as the class I molecules of the human
      histocompatibility antigens (HLA A,B). We further demonstrate that the PMA effect
      is also associated with a dramatic phosphorylation of HLA antigens in HL-60
      leukemic cells and in human lymphocytes, showing that an increase in
      phosphorylation of HLA antigens is intimately related to the signal of PMA in
      various cellular systems. Immunoprecipitation of HLA proteins resulted in
      coprecipitation of phosphorylated myosin light chain (20K). HLA antigens are
      transmembrane proteins which interact with cytoskeletal elements, probably via
      their intracellular region, which has been previously shown to be phosphorylated.
      It is suggested that phosphorylation of HLA membrane proteins may represent an
      important mechanism in the effects induced by PMA.

PMID- 3882085
TI  - Efficient purification of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I using
      immunoaffinity chromatography.
AB  - Somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I was purified from human plasma using a
      monoclonal antibody affinity column. Combining immunoaffinity chromatography with
      standard protein purification methods resulted in an overall recovery of 18%. The
      35 micrograms of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I purified from 500 ml
      of plasma appeared as a single band when analyzed by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and could be used in radioimmunoassay and receptor binding
      studies.

PMID- 3882086
TI  - Characterization of human red blood cell tyrosine kinase.
AB  - A new tyrosine kinase in human red blood cells has been characterized and
      partially purified. The major substrate was a protein of molecular weight 93 K
      which could be phosphorylated both in whole red blood cells incubated with
      inorganic [32P] orthophosphate and in ghost preparations incubated with [gamma
      32P] ATP. This tyrosine kinase displayed an alkaline isoelectric pH (around 8.5),
      a molecular weight of 32-33 K and does not seem to be autophosphorylable. Some
      kinetics of the enzyme are reported. This red blood cell tyrosine kinase is
      unrelated to EGF and insulin or insulin-like receptor subunits. This enzyme may
      represent a novel class of tyrosine kinases.

PMID- 3882087
TI  - Osmotic stress drastically inhibits active transport of carbohydrates by
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - In intact Escherichia coli cells, severe osmotic stress almost totally inhibited
      active transport of carbohydrate by all of the systems known to transport
      carbohydrates in E. coli: group translocation (glucose), binding-protein mediated
      transport (maltose), proton symport (lactose), and sodium cotransport
      (melibiose). Detailed study of glucose transport showed that this inhibition of
      transport was not secondary to the inhibition of growth by osmotic stress, but
      rather that the inhibition of transport of a source of carbon and energy was
      sufficient to cause the complete inhibition of growth observed during severe
      osmotic upshock. Transport and growth inhibition did not result from cell death;
      upshocked cells were viable and metabolically active.

PMID- 3882088
TI  - Restoration of cell volume and the reversal of carbohydrate transport and growth
      inhibition of osmotically upshocked Escherichia coli.
AB  - Resumption of growth in osmotically upshocked Escherichia coli was effected only
      by an external stimulus (betaine treatment) in severe upshock, but was
      spontaneous in less severe upshock. In either case, growth resumption was
      preceded by a reversal of glucose transport inhibition, and that reversal was
      preceded by a recovery of cell volume. We hypothesize that deformation of the
      membrane by osmotic stress results in conversion of a membrane component of the
      transport system to a less functional conformation, which results in the
      inhibition of transport and the consequent inhibition of growth. Relief of the
      deformation would then allow recovery to a more functional conformation, reversal
      of transport inhibition, and then resumption of growth.

PMID- 3882089
TI  - Studies on the effects of protease substrate analogues on some of the actions of
      insulin.
AB  - Added TAME (N alpha-p-tosyl-1-anginine methyl ester) or BAME (benzoyl-anginine
      methyl ester) inhibited insulin induced activation of glucose oxidation and fat
      cell PDH activation without affecting spermine action on PDH activation and
      glucose oxidation in fat cells. BAME inhibited insulin-induced generation of both
      PDH stimulator and PDH inhibitor from liver particulate fraction. In contrast,
      insulin-induced internalization of insulin receptors and negative cooperativity
      of insulin receptors were not affected by protease substrate inhibitors. These
      results suggest that certain actions of insulin (glucose oxidation, generation of
      PDH regulators) are mediated by proteolytic events, while insulin-induced down
      regulation and negative cooperativity of insulin receptors are not mediated by
      activation of endogenous proteases.

PMID- 3882090
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of an ovarian tripeptidyl peptidase: a
      lysosomal exopeptidase that sequentially releases collagen-related (Gly-Pro-X)
      triplets.
AB  - The pregnant hog ovary is a rich source of a novel exopeptidase that catalyzes
      the release, at pH 5.0, of collagen-related (P3-P2-P1) "triplets" such as Gly-Pro
      Met, Gly-Pro-Arg, and Gly-Pro-Ala from arylamide derivatives, provided the N
      termini are unsubstituted. Corresponding derivatives of related (P2-P1)
      dipeptides (Pro-Met, Pro-Ala) or (P1) amino acids (Met, Arg, Ala) are not
      attacked. The enzyme was purified 58-fold from a detergent extract of a water
      extracted tissue residue. Activity was determined on Gly-Pro-Met-2-naphthylamide
      at pH 4.5 and 37 degrees C (Km 0.45 mM; Vmax 722 nmoles/min/mg protein). The
      responsible Mr 55,000 exopeptidase, termed "tripeptidyl peptidase", forms high-Mr
      aggregates, belongs to the serine catalytic class, and has a lysosomal
      localization. Gly-Pro-Ala triplets were released sequentially at pH 5.0 from a Mr
      14,000 polypeptide, poly(Gly-Pro-Ala-). When this reaction was coupled to that of
      homologous dipeptidyl peptidase II, the liberated tripeptides were reduced to
      dipeptides and free amino acids: (Gly-Pro-Ala)n----nGly-Pro-Ala----nGly-Pro +
      nAla.

PMID- 3882091
TI  - Ginseng extract inhibits protein degradation and stimulates protein synthesis in
      human fibroblasts.
AB  - Aqueous extracts of Panax ginseng inhibit intracellular protein degradation in
      confluent cultures of IMR-90 human diploid fibroblasts. The magnitude of the
      inhibition is similar to that observed with insulin and polypeptide growth
      factors. Furthermore, the inhibition of proteolysis by ginseng, like that
      produced by insulin and growth factors, is selective in that it applies to long
      lived proteins but not to short-lived proteins. Ginseng also stimulates protein
      synthesis in human fibroblasts indicating that components of ginseng extract are
      capable of acting directly on human cells to promote protein accumulation.

PMID- 3882093
TI  - Clinical characteristics of fibrositis. II. A "blinded," controlled study using
      standard psychological tests.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with fibrositis and 22 control patients selected from a
      general medical outpatient population were given 3 standardized psychological
      questionnaires: the Beck Depression Inventory, the Spielberger State and Trait
      Anxiety Inventory, and the SCL-90-R. There were no statistically significant
      differences between fibrositis patients and control patients on any of these
      tests, a finding at variance with a commonly held belief that patients with
      fibrositis have an underlying psychological disorder. While psychological factors
      may be important in some patients with fibrositis, these results indicate that
      the presence of a psychopathologic condition is not mandatory for the persistence
      of fibrositis.

PMID- 3882092
TI  - Inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase by antitumor agents related to levodopa
      and dopamine.
AB  - Using partially purified enzyme from L1210 cells, dihydroxybenzene derivatives
      related structurally to dopamine were shown to reversibly inactivate
      ribonucleotide reductase. A structure-activity analysis revealed that derivatives
      with side-chains, which contain a negatively-charged group, had significantly
      reduced inhibitory activity. The ability of these compounds to inhibit
      ribonucleotide reductase was dependent on the hydroxyl groups being in the ortho
      position and did not correlate with free radical inhibitory activity. A kinetic
      analysis by the method of Lineweaver-Burk indicated that the inhibition of
      ribonucleotide reductase by the derivative 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine was
      competitive with the reducing substrate dithioerythritol. This analog, in
      combination with hydroxyurea, gave synergistic inhibition or ribonucleotide
      reductase, suggesting different sites of action. Using Tween 80-treated L1210
      cells, it was found that these drugs had an immediate inhibitory effect on
      ribonucleotide reductase activity in intact, reversibly permeabilized cells.
      Furthermore, although these drugs had no immediate effect on DNA polymerase, in
      permeabilized L1210 cells (when the cells were preincubated with the
      dihydroxybenzene derivatives for 1 hr prior to permeabilization), there was
      significant inhibition of DNA polymerase activity. The two key enzymes for DNA
      synthesis appear to be sequentially inhibited by these analogs, with the reduced
      form (quinol) inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase and the oxidized form (quinone)
      inhibiting DNA polymerase.

PMID- 3882094
TI  - The diagnostic value of antihistone antibodies in drug-induced lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - This study was undertaken to see whether the presence of antihistone antibodies,
      measured by indirect immunofluorescence assay, could distinguish between patients
      who were symptomatic from a drug-induced lupus-like illness (DILE) and
      asymptomatic patients who had drug-induced antinuclear antibodies (DANA). In this
      study, 82% of the patients with DILE had antihistone antibodies detectable in
      their sera, compared with 32% of the patients in the DANA group (P less than
      0.01). When the patients taking procainamide were analyzed separately, it was
      found that 92% of the patients with DILE had demonstrable antihistone antibodies,
      contrasted with 33% of the patients in the DANA group (P less than 0.01). In
      those patients with antihistone antibodies (DILE versus DANA patients), there
      were no differences in the mean antibody titers. We conclude that the presence of
      antihistone antibodies is strong, statistically significant evidence that the
      symptoms of a given patient are due to drug-induced lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3882095
TI  - Neurological recovery after cardiac arrest: clinical feasibility trial of calcium
      blockers.
AB  - In order to determine whether the calcium blockers verapamil and/or magnesium
      sulfate decrease neurological morbidity after cardiac arrest, all out-of-hospital
      cardiac arrests (290) occurring during a nine-month period in five participating
      hospitals were retrospectively studied. Twenty-nine patients met the criteria for
      inclusion in this study. Each had an unwitnessed, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
      and was comatose (no purposeful response to pain) 20 minutes after the
      restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Eighteen patients (calcium blocker
      group) received verapamil and/or magnesium sulfate at some point after ROSC,
      while eleven patients received standard ACLS therapy (control group). Age, arrest
      time, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) time, and cerebral ischemic time were
      comparable in the two groups. In the calcium blocker group, seven of 18 patients
      regained consciousness, and six of these seven survived. All six survivors
      appeared neurologically normal upon discharge and at three and six months of
      follow-up. While no demonstrably adverse effects were seen after the
      administration of magnesium sulfate, 56% of the patients who received verapamil
      had a significant drop in blood pressure. In the control group, three of 11
      patients regained consciousness and two of the three left the hospital alive.
      Both survivors were disabled--one severely and one moderately. Follow-up after
      three and six months revealed no significant improvement in their disability.
      Overall, six of 18 patients experienced clinically complete neurological recovery
      in the calcium blocker group, while none of the 11 patients in the control group
      made a complete neurological recovery (P = 0.06).

PMID- 3882096
TI  - Renal colic: emergency evaluation and management.

PMID- 3882097
TI  - Calcium blockers after cardiac arrest: history repeats itself.

PMID- 3882098
TI  - Dog bites: the controversy continues.

PMID- 3882099
TI  - Immediate transthoracic pacing for cardiac asystole in an emergency department
      setting.
AB  - This study was conducted to prospectively evaluate immediate transthoracic pacing
      in the emergency department for cardiac arrest patients presenting with asystole.
      All adult patients presenting over an 11-month period to a university teaching
      hospital with asystole following nontraumatic cardiopulmonary arrest received
      immediate transthoracic cardiac pacing. In these 48 patients, electrical capture
      was achieved in 23% and mechanical capture in 17%. With subsequent
      intraventricular administration of epinephrine and sodium bicarbonate, the
      percentage of responders increased to 48% and 33%, respectively. This is a
      statistically significant improvement in both electrical and mechanical capture
      rates (P less than 0.001) as compared with historical controls in whom
      transthoracic pacemakers were employed several minutes into the resuscitation. In
      mechanical responders, blood pressure never exceeded 50 mm Hg and could not be
      sustained for over 2 minutes. Immediate transthoracic pacing was temporarily
      effective at restoring myocardial electrical and mechanical activity in a
      substantial number of asystolic patients. Although there were no survivors, the
      improved electrical and mechanical capture rates with early use of transthoracic
      pacing is encouraging. Future studies of transthoracic pacing in the prehospital
      setting appear warranted.

PMID- 3882100
TI  - External cardiac pacing for out-of-hospital bradyasystolic arrest.
AB  - Cardiac pacing has been used successfully in patients with asystole or
      bradycardia compromising hemodynamics when it was applied soon after the onset of
      the event. An external cardiac pacemaker was used as part of initial
      resuscitative efforts for patients in primary, out-of-hospital, cardiac arrest
      who arrived in the emergency department in asystole, agonal rhythm, pulseless
      idioventricular rhythm, or bradycardia with hemodynamic compromise. A pulse was
      successfully generated in only one of twelve patients. That patient developed
      complete atrioventricular dissociation while in the emergency department. The
      nonresponding patients were in asystole or pulseless idioventricular rhythm when
      the pacemaker was applied. Pacing was initiated 1-13 minutes (mean 7 minutes)
      after arrival in the emergency department, but 27-90 minutes (mean 59 minutes)
      after arrest. The interval between arrest and application of the pacemaker was
      prolonged because of long periods for ambulance response, field resuscitation,
      and transport. It is concluded that the external cardiac pacemaker is a useful
      instrument for the treatment of bradyarrhythmias. While it may also be useful in
      the first few minutes after development of asystole, pulseless idioventricular
      rhythm, or agonal rhythm, it is of no benefit if applied long after the event.

PMID- 3882101
TI  - Gastric insufflation during IAC-CPR and standard CPR in a canine model.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the effect of interposed abdominal
      compressions (IAC) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on gastric
      insufflation when the airway is not secured with an endotracheal tube. A canine
      model was used in which a common ventilation pressure was applied to separate
      cuffed esophageal and tracheal tubes. Gas entering the stomach was collected by a
      pre-placed gastrostomy tube leading to a bell spirometer. Gas entering the lungs
      was measured with a Wright Respirometer in series with the endotracheal tube.
      During standard CPR, measurable gastric gas volume was collected in 28 of 30
      trials (mean 215 +/- 93 ml/ventilation). During IAC-CPR, in which abdominal
      pressure was maintained during ventilation after every 5th chest compression,
      measurable gastric gas was collected in 15 of 30 trials (mean 40 +/- 11
      ml/ventilation). Interposed abdominal compressions as an adjunct to standard CPR
      may not only be of hemodynamic benefit, but may also reduce the incidence of
      gastric insufflation and attendant complications.

PMID- 3882102
TI  - Liver preservation.

PMID- 3882103
TI  - [Brain sonography in linear nevus sebaceous syndrome].

PMID- 3882105
TI  - Pertinent considerations in oral pigmentations.

PMID- 3882104
TI  - A comparison of the analgesic effects of meptazinol and pentazocine following
      removal of impacted third molars.

PMID- 3882106
TI  - Long term survival of patients mobilised early after acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - A Welsh multicentre trial of early (fifth day) compared with late (tenth day)
      mobilisation in 742 patients after uncomplicated myocardial infarction, reported
      previously, found that there were no significant differences in survival during
      the first year, but a partial follow up beyond the first year survival showed a
      significantly reduced survival during the second and third years among patients
      mobilised early. A full 10 year follow up of all patients admitted to the trial
      was therefore carried out. A small difference in survival was confirmed, which
      reached about 5% at four years; but the difference was not statistically
      significant. Further analysis suggested the possibility of real differences in
      survival in certain subgroups, but the present evidence was not sufficient to
      provide contraindication to mobilisation five days after uncomplicated myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 3882107
TI  - Coronary thrombolysis with intravenous anisoylated plasminogen-streptokinase
      complex BRL 26921.
AB  - BRL 26921 is a protected plasminogen-streptokinase complex with selective
      affinity for thrombus. When given intravenously within three hours of the onset
      of a first acute myocardial infarction angiographic patency of the infarct
      related vessel was seen in all 16 patients receiving the active drug compared
      with only two of 16 receiving a placebo. There was relative sparing of left
      ventricular function in the active treatment group with anterior infarction (mean
      left ventricular ejection fraction 37% compared with 23% for placebo), but no
      significant difference in left ventricular function between the active and
      placebo groups was seen in patients with inferior infarction. Intravenous BRL
      26921 is highly effective in causing coronary reperfusion and may help to
      preserve left ventricular function when given early in the course of anterior
      infarction.

PMID- 3882108
TI  - Electrical activity of the cerebral cortex during induced hypotension in man. A
      comparison of sodium nitroprusside and trimetaphan.
AB  - During the routine use of controlled hypotension the electroencephalogram (EEG)
      and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were monitored in 20 normotensive patients
      (younger than 70 years-of-age) receiving either trimetaphan (TMP) or sodium
      nitroprusside (SNP). The reduction in MAP was quicker and greater with SNP.
      Significant differences in EEG voltage between the two agents were seen in the
      range 55-40 mm Hg, electrical activity being better maintained with SNP. However,
      all patients showed some decline in EEG voltage with hypotension and half of
      these showed significant correlations with MAP. These pressure-dependent cerebral
      effects were not predictable in terms of age, preoperative arterial pressure or
      hypotensive agent. Our work supports previous experimental evidence that, during
      more profound hypotension, cerebral electrical activity is better maintained with
      SNP than with TMP. A simple measure of total EEG power, or filtered EEG voltage
      envelope (CFM) was shown to be a more useful monitor of cerebral electrical
      activity during controlled hypotension than measurements of power distribution in
      different frequency bands.

PMID- 3882109
TI  - Comparison of the cognitive effects of premedication with hyoscine and atropine.
AB  - An investigation was carried out comparing the nature and duration of the
      cognitive effects of atropine and hyoscine. Thirty patients undergoing a minor
      gynaecological operation were randomly assigned to one of three groups to receive
      hyoscine, atropine or placebo as premedication. A battery of psychological tests
      was administered before premedication, 30 min after premedication, and 1 and 3 h
      following operation. The tests included orientation questions, simple tasks such
      as reciting the alphabet, memory tests, a reaction-time test and two tests of
      visuo-motor co-ordination. The results showed that hyoscine had detrimental
      effects on memory and on motor tasks compared with placebo, while atropine did
      not. In addition, the effects on motor performance had not disappeared 3 h after
      operation.

PMID- 3882110
TI  - Infusion thrombophlebitis.
AB  - Infusion thrombophlebitis is a common complication of i.v. infusions. Many
      factors appear to be involved in its aetiology, of which the duration of
      infusion, the drugs infused and the solution(s) infused are the most important.
      Effective prophylaxis should be based on an understanding of the possible
      pathophysiology.

PMID- 3882111
TI  - Ovarian tumour xenografts in the study of the biology of human epithelial ovarian
      cancer.
AB  - Human epithelial ovarian tumours were successfully established as xenografts in
      nude mice in 54% of cases. An evaluation of the biological characteristics of
      tumours propagated in nude mice was carried out and the functions investigated
      included morphology, growth kinetics, cellular DNA content, cell surface antigen
      expression and sensitivity to chemotherapy. To allow a more detailed study of the
      influence of ploidy on biological behaviour, xenografted tumour with varying
      degrees of aneuploidy and tumours with a common ancestry but different ploidies
      were also established. Although this is a highly selective model system favouring
      the growth of biologically aggressive tumours the xenografts, in general, reflect
      many of the characteristics of the tumours from which they were derived and are
      likely to provide a useful model for investigating the biology of ovarian cancer.

PMID- 3882112
TI  - Tumourigenic phenotypes of human melanoma cell lines in nude mice determined by
      an active antitumour mechanism.
AB  - Ten human melanoma cell lines (HMCL) were tested for their ability to grow
      subcutaneously in nude mice. Using a standard inoculum, the HMCL could be
      characterized by their highly, fairly or poorly xenografting phenotype. These
      phenotypes were stable and the phenotype of one HMCL was recovered within cell
      clones derived from it. The role of nude mice natural defences in the expression
      of HMCL xenografting phenotypes was studied. Sublethal whole body irradiation and
      silica pretreatment of recipients enabled poorly tumourigenic HMCL to grow in
      most animals without affecting their splenic NK activity. Admixture of BCG or MDP
      encapsulated in liposomes with highly tumourigenic HMCL resulted in the
      abrogation of tumour growth in naive nude mice. The long lasting abrogating of NK
      activity in vivo by treatment with anti-asialo-GM1 anti-serum did not enhance the
      growth of a poorly tumourigenic HMCL. The HMCL were found to be resistant to in
      vitro murine NK activity. These results showed that the expression of the HMCL
      xenografting phenotypes could be controlled by the nude mice natural defences. NK
      cells did not seem to be largely involved whereas macrophages might be good
      candidates as anti-xenograft effectors.

PMID- 3882113
TI  - Non-specific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) in individual maturation stages of
      myelocytic cell series.
AB  - The distribution and localization of NCA and carcinoembryonic antigen CEA in
      cells of different types of myelogenous leukaemias (acute myelogenous leukaemia -
      AML; chronic granulocytic leukaemia - CGL; CGL in myeloblastic crisis - CGL-BC)
      was studied using the immunofluorescence test. Discontinuous density-gradient
      centrifugation was used to separate myeloid cells into fractions containing
      granulocytes in individual stages of maturation. Serum NCA and CEA levels were
      estimated in parallel. It was established that: (a) AML blasts without maturation
      (MO type) and monoblasts did not synthesize NCA; (b) individual blasts of AML
      with features of maturation (M1, M2 types) and some myeloblasts of CGL-BC
      exhibited a limited ability to express cytoplasmic NCA; (c) the number of NCA
      containing cells increased in the more mature granulocyte fractions isolated on
      Ficoll-Hypaque density-gradients; (d) myelocytic NCA is immunologically related
      to NCA isolated from lung tissue and (e) CEA is undetectable in the myelocytic
      cell series.

PMID- 3882114
TI  - A preliminary trial of a novel form of active immunotherapy in squamous cell
      carcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 3882115
TI  - An observational study of the social adjustment of spina bifida children in
      integrated settings.

PMID- 3882116
TI  - Human fetal osteoclasts fail to express macrophage antigens.
AB  - A method for the isolation of osteoclasts from human fetal long bones in
      sufficient numbers for phenotypic studies has been devised. Using this technique
      we have studied the expression of cell surface antigens characteristic of
      mononuclear phagocytes and other haemopoietic cell types on fetal osteoclasts and
      compared their phenotype with mononuclear cells in the same preparations. We
      found that osteoclasts failed to express DrW(Ia) and 24 of 26 antigens (in 6 of 7
      antigenic clusters) found on mononuclear phagocytes of the same developmental
      stage. This implies that osteoclasts represent the maturational end-stage of a
      cell lineage separate from that of conventional blood cells, and of mononuclear
      phagocytes in particular.

PMID- 3882118
TI  - PMN chemotactic factor produced by glass-adherent cells in the acute inflammation
      caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.
AB  - Intraperitoneal inoculation of BIO.A mice with P. brasiliensis induces an acute
      inflammatory infiltrate in which 40-50% of the cells are PMN leucocytes. Previous
      depletion of serotonin, prostaglandin, histamine and complement does not alter
      the course of inflammation. Complement-derived factors appear to have no active
      participation in the process since C5-deficient mice depleted or not by Cobra
      venom factor (CoF) show the same kind of cellular influx. On the other hand,
      peritoneal cells incubated (6 h) with the fungus release a soluble factor that
      induces in vivo an active chemotaxis of PMN cells when inoculated i.p. The factor
      has the following characteristics: a) it is produced by adherent cells; b) it is
      protein in nature; c) its production is inhibited by incubation of peritoneal
      cells with 10 micrograms/ml puromycin and d) it has a molecular weight less than
      15 000 daltons, as determined by gel filtration through a Sephadex G-75 column.

PMID- 3882117
TI  - The glomerular polyanion (GPA) of the rat kidney. III. Further characterization
      of a vaso-active serum factor which reduces GPA.
AB  - Fractions of normal rat serum were purified using gel chromatography and their
      molecular weights were analysed using gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      (PAGE). The fractions were tested for their capacity to affect in vitro
      glomerular polyanion (GPA) in rat kidney tissue whereas their vascular enhancing
      capacity in vivo after intradermal injection into the rat skin was analysed. GPA
      impairment in vitro was estimated after incubation of the fractions with tissue
      sections for 2 h at 37 degrees C and subsequent staining for sialoproteins with
      colloidal iron. Enhanced vascular responses were assayed using a standard
      vascular permeability test in the rat skin. The results show that a factor with
      an estimated molecular weight of 120 000 was responsible for a dose-related
      activity in both test systems studied. The activity of this fraction could be
      inhibited by various plasma kallikrein-inhibiting protease inhibitors, whereas in
      addition the skin response could be inhibited by pyridinolcarbamate and not by
      histamine- or serotonin-inhibiting drugs. From the inhibition patterns in vivo
      and in vitro as well as from the estimated molecular weight of the fraction, it
      is suggested that a plasma kallikrein-like factor might be responsible for the
      activities observed. We feel that further study of this fraction in rat or human
      serum is worthwhile in particular with respect to nephrotic conditions associated
      with GPA loss.

PMID- 3882119
TI  - Hepatic necrosis and glutathione depletion in captopril-treated mice.
AB  - Captopril (CP) is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor whose metabolism
      involves endogenous thiols which may be depleted at high doses of CP. Following
      intraperitoneal administration of CP (50-300 mg/kg), dose-dependent depletion of
      hepatic glutathione, increased serum transaminase (SGPT) levels and hepatic
      necrosis were observed. The hepatic necrosis observed was either subcapsular or
      parenchymal in distribution. Both types of necrosis showed a dose-dependent
      increase in severity but with a large inter-animal variation. The patterns of
      necrosis observed with CP are different from the necrosis caused by paracetamol.
      Oral CP (300 mg/kg) caused parenchymal necrosis in only one animal. It is
      suggested that subcapsular necrosis may be due to the direct effect of i.p.
      captopril whereas parenchymal necrosis may be a consequence of hepatic GSH
      depletion.

PMID- 3882121
TI  - Controlled trials of PUVA and etretinate for psoriasis.

PMID- 3882122
TI  - Low concentration zinc sulphate solution in the management of recurrent herpes
      simplex infection.

PMID- 3882120
TI  - An animal model of haemolytic--uraemic syndrome in shigellosis:
      lipopolysaccharides of Shigella dysenteriae I and S. flexneri produce leucocyte
      mediated renal cortical necrosis in rabbits.
AB  - To develop an animal model of the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome during shigellosis,
      rabbits were injected with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) extracted by the hot phenol
      water method from Shigella dysenteriae I and from S. flexneri. Two intravenous
      injections of LPS spaced by 24 h elicited renal cortical necrosis in a
      generalized Shwartzman reaction characterized by fibrin deposition in glomerular
      capillaries and by elevated plasma creatinine concentration. Rabbits rendered
      leucopenic by busulphan treatment were protected against renal cortical necrosis
      after injection with LPS derived from S. dysenteriae I. Both LPS preparations
      derived from Shigella species were also active in producing fever in rabbits,
      death in rabbits, and gelation of limulus lysate with approximately the same
      potency as a standard LPS of E. coli 055:B5. These results demonstrated that the
      LPS of Shigella species given intravenously to rabbits produces renal cortical
      necrosis, which is caused by leucocyte-mediated intravascular fibrin deposition
      in renal blood vessels and which resembles histologically the renal lesion in the
      haemolytic-uraemic during shigellosis in humans.

PMID- 3882123
TI  - Epidermal nuclear immunofluorescence: serological correlations supporting an in
      vivo reaction.
AB  - Epidermal nuclear deposits of immunoglobulins (Ig) were studied by direct
      immunofluorescence in three groups of patients: ten scleroderma (SD, systemic
      sclerosis), seven dermatomyositis (DM) and seven systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE). Each patient had skin biopsies taken from three different sites (nailfold,
      forearm, buttock) on the same day that a serum sample was also obtained.
      Epidermal nuclear deposits were observed in nine of twenty-four patients (five
      SD, two DM, two SLE). A high serum ANA titre correlated significantly with the
      presence of epidermal nuclear Ig deposits. The nucleolar epidermal nuclear
      pattern was limited to the SD group, four of ten patients showing this pattern.
      Two of nine patients with positive results in the nailfold and forearm had
      negative findings in the buttock, supporting the view that deposition of Ig in
      the epidermal nuclei occurs in vivo.

PMID- 3882124
TI  - Effect of captopril on the vascular permeability changes induced by C5a,
      histamine and compound 48/80.
AB  - The modulating effect of captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting
      enzyme, on the vascular permeability changes induced by intradermal injections of
      C5a, histamine and compound 48/80, was evaluated in guinea-pigs. Cutaneous
      vascular permeability changes were measured by the extravasation of intravenously
      injected 125I-bovine serum albumin. Intraperitoneal injection of 12.5, 25, or 50
      mg/kg of captopril 30 min prior to the injection of C5a (10(-11) mol)
      significantly enhanced the increase in vascular permeability induced by this
      agent (P less than 0.02). This may be explained by the known property of
      captopril as an inhibitor of carboxypeptidase. No effect was observed when
      captopril was injected either 2 or 4 h before the injection of C5a. In contrast,
      the same doses of captopril, when injected intraperitoneally 2 h before the
      injection of histamine (10(-8) mol) or compound 48/80 (10 micrograms),
      significantly suppressed the increase in vascular permeability induced by these
      agents (P less than 0.02). This suppressive effect occurred in a captopril dose
      dependent manner. The ability of captopril to modulate the vascular permeability
      response induced by vasoactive agents indicates that it is a potentially useful
      tool to dissect the relative roles of mediators involved in inflammatory
      processes.

PMID- 3882125
TI  - A sequential comparison of etretinate (Tigason) and isotretinoin (Roaccutane)
      with special regard to their effects on serum lipoproteins.
AB  - Etretinate and isotretinoin were compared with respect to their clinical effects
      and changes in serum lipoprotein concentrations. Sixteen patients with
      hyperkeratotic and pustular disorders of hands and feet (mainly palmoplantar
      pustulosis) underwent a double-blind cross-over study. The daily doses of
      etretinate and isotretinoin were 50 and 40 mg, respectively. Each drug was given
      for 2 months with a 2-month intermission. The clinical score was reduced both by
      isotretinoin (P less than 0.05) and etretinate (P less than 0.001). Both drugs
      affected the lipoprotein concentrations. Isotretinoin increased the cholesterol
      concentration in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by 20% and the triglyceride
      concentration in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) by 35%, but decreased the
      high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 12%. Etretinate elevated LDL-cholesterol
      by 10%. These changes had reverted to normal 8 weeks after the end of treatment.
      The data suggest that in the diseases studied, etretinate is preferable to
      isotretinoin with regard to both clinical effect and serum lipid side-effects.

PMID- 3882126
TI  - Identification of pemphigus-like antigens expressed by SCaBER cells.
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence revealed the presence of pemphigus-like antigenic
      activity on SCaBER cell monolayers after incubation with sera from patients with
      pemphigus vulgaris. In contrast, no fluorescence was observed after incubation of
      the cells with sera from patients with bullous pemphigoid, systemic lupus
      erythematosus or healthy individuals. In order to identify this pemphigus-like
      antigen, the SCaBER cell membrane proteins were solubilized in non-ionic
      detergent, separated according to their molecular weight by sodium dodecyl
      sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and electrophoretically
      transferred to nitrocellulose sheets. After incubation with pemphigus serum
      followed by 125I-radiolabelled goat anti-human IgG, autoradiography revealed
      pemphigus antibody binding activity in the 105 Kd region in electrophoretograms
      of the unreduced SCaBER cell membrane extracts. This pemphigus-like antigen was
      isolated by affinity chromatography on the Sepharose-linked IgG fraction of sera
      from patients with pemphigus vulgaris.

PMID- 3882127
TI  - Comparison of ultrasound and caliper measurements of normal and inflamed skin
      thickness.
AB  - We have compared ultrasound and Harpenden calipers for the measurement of
      thickness of non-inflamed and anthralin-inflamed skin. In non-inflamed skin
      ultrasound gave consistently and significantly lower values (0.87 mm +/- 2.3%
      s.e.) than calipers (1.1 mm +/- 2.7% s.e.) and the ultrasound/caliper ratio was
      0.89 +/- 1.3%. In anthralin-inflamed skin the ultrasound/caliper ratio was not
      significantly different from unity (1.02 +/- 1.3%), but ultrasound was unable to
      measure inflamed skin thickness in 18% of cases because the echo could not detect
      the dermis-subcutaneous fat interface. The proportion of unreadable ultrasound
      results increased linearly with increase in skin thickness and the variance of
      ultrasound readings increased as inflammatory skin thickness increased; by
      contrast caliper variance remained constant. Harpenden calipers cannot be used in
      all subjects or in skin sites in which skin folds cannot be raised, but if the
      patient and site to be studied can be selected, Harpenden calipers have a greater
      precision, reproducibility and reliability than ultrasound for measurement of the
      thickness of inflamed skin.

PMID- 3882128
TI  - Henoch-Schonlein purpura.

PMID- 3882129
TI  - Annotation. Fibrosis of the bone marrow: content and causes.

PMID- 3882130
TI  - Graft rejection after syngeneic bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anaemia:
      significance of coculture studies.

PMID- 3882131
TI  - Variable differentiation of human acute myeloid leukaemia during colony formation
      in vitro: a membrane marker analysis with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - The capacities of human acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells for differentiation
      were evaluated by the degree of maturation of cells following in vitro colony
      formation. For this purpose highly purified blast cells were seeded into culture.
      Exogenous differentiation inducers, other than the colony stimulating materials,
      were not added to the cultures. Phenotypes of the colony cells were determined by
      use of monoclonal antibodies directed against a number of maturation antigens. In
      all 10 cases marked changes in the surface phenotypes of the cells post culture
      were seen. Differentiation was incomplete and quite variable as compared with
      normal myeloid colonies. Following colony formation myeloid maturation antigens
      became apparent on the cells of the one patient with morphologically
      undifferentiated leukaemia. The residual differentiation capacities among
      individual cases of human AML, as revealed in vitro, are diverse and do not
      parallel the morphological maturation features of the blasts prior to culture
      according to the FAB nomenclature. This approach may be utilized to improve the
      classification of human AML and to disclose the lineage relationship of certain
      cytologically unclassifiable leukaemias.

PMID- 3882132
TI  - The association of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma: a study of
      eleven patients.
AB  - We present haematological and immunological data obtained in 11 patients with the
      rare association of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma
      (MM). CLL occurred before MM in six cases and both diseases were diagnosed
      simultaneously in five. With regard to CLL, no peculiar clinical feature was
      found; in six patients, MM was characterized by extra-osseous lesions. A
      significant remission (3-7 years) was obtained in three patients. In six
      patients, CLL and plasma cells synthesized Ig molecules with different light
      chains, probably indicating the coexistence of two distinct clonal
      proliferations. In two cases where monoclonal Ig synthesized by both types of
      cells had the same type of light chains, studies with anti-idiotypic antibodies
      showed that the two proliferations were also distinct. The pathophysiology of
      this rare association is discussed in the light of these findings and of data
      from the literature.

PMID- 3882133
TI  - Cephalosporin-induced immune neutropenia.
AB  - Neutropenia is an occasional complication of treatment with cephalosporin
      antibiotics. This report describes two patients who had neutropenia while
      receiving high doses of cephalosporins. The neutrophil counts returned to normal
      after stopping the drug, and cephalosporin-dependent neutrophil antibodies were
      demonstrated in both cases, using the granulocyte immunofluorescence test. In one
      patient, the immune neutropenia appeared to be due to a drug adsorption mechanism
      similar to penicillin-induced haemolytic anaemia, while an immune complex
      mechanism may have been involved in the second patient.

PMID- 3882134
TI  - Management of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults.

PMID- 3882135
TI  - Zwa antigen distribution on the human platelet: an electron microscope study
      using a colloidal gold labelled marker.
AB  - We present the application of a new technique for visualizing surface antigen
      distribution patterns on intact platelets, treated with anti Zwa antibody, using
      colloidal gold labelled anti-human immunoglobulin as a marker. Platelets from Zwa
      negative and from both heterozygous and homozygous Zwa positive individuals were
      examined for surface Zwa antigen distribution. Platelets fixed with
      paraformaldehyde show an even distribution of gold particles with a well
      developed reticular pattern over their surfaces. Platelets heterozygous for Zwa
      shows considerable antigen variation, some platelets having similar quantities of
      antigen to, others much less than, homozygotes. The importance of platelet
      fixation prior to antigen demonstration by anti Zwa antibody and immunogold
      visualization is seen by the redistribution of antigen on unfixed platelets. It
      is suggested that this technique could be exploited to investigate the
      relationship between platelet surface antigens or structures and their functions.

PMID- 3882136
TI  - Platelet associated immunoglobulins (PAIgG and PAIgM) in autoimmune
      thrombocytopenia.
AB  - An enzyme linked assay system was used to quantitate platelet associated IgM
      (PAIgM) in addition to platelet associated IgG (PAIgG) in normal subjects and in
      145 patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP). The mean PAIgM level in
      normals was 1.17 ng/10(6) platelets with a range of 0.01-2.45 ng (mean +/- 2 SD).
      The corresponding PAIgG values as follows: mean 6.0 ng, range 2.0-10 ng/10(6)
      platelets. Elevated PAIgG was seen in 67.6% and abnormally raised PAIgM in 79.3%
      of patients. Both values were raised together in 57.2% and either elevated PAIgG
      or PAIgM in 89.7%. All patients with PAIgG values greater than 4 times upper
      limit of normality were found to have abnormal PAIgM. The relevance of elevated
      PAIgM, the possible interaction between PAIgG and PAIgM and the implication of
      our results in patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia are discussed.

PMID- 3882137
TI  - Characterization of blast cells in chronic granulocytic leukaemia in
      transformation, acute myelofibrosis and undifferentiated leukaemia. II. Studies
      with monoclonal antibodies and terminal transferase.
AB  - A panel of 19 monoclonal antibodies (McAb) and the enzyme terminal transferase
      (TdT) have been applied to the characterization of poorly differentiated blasts
      from 50 patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) and myelofibrosis in
      blast crisis (BC), acute myelofibrosis and undifferentiated leukaemia. These
      cells were also extensively studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
      (see Polli et al, 1985a). McAb against platelet glycoproteins (GP) showed a high
      specificity for megakaryoblasts, in particular those reactive with the GPIIb/IIIa
      complex (J15) and GPIIIa (C15 and C17), which were positive in a higher
      proportion of blasts than the McAb to GPIb (AN51 and FMC25). Findings with these
      anti-platelet McAb paralleled those of the platelet-peroxidase (PPO) reaction in
      76% of cases studied simultaneously. The PPO reaction was always positive in
      cases in which two or more of the McAb were reactive with the blast cells. The
      differences observed suggest, nevertheless, that PPO is more sensitive for
      megakaryoblasts than the McAb and that this TEM technique should be reserved for
      cases which are negative with the platelet specific McAb. Of the McAb against
      myeloid antigens used in this series OKM1 was positive in 50% of cases but the
      others failed to demonstrate early features of differentiation in myeloblasts and
      monoblasts. In only three cases were erythroid precursors demonstrated by TEM and
      these were the only ones reactive with a McAb to glycophorin-A (LICR LON/R10).
      TdT and the McAb J5 helped in the identification of lymphoblasts which were seen
      as a 'pure' proliferation in 23% of CGL-BC and as part of blast cell mixtures in
      another 17% of cases. The McAb reactive to haemopoietic precursor cells (RFB1,
      FMC8 and OKIa), on the other hand, were of no practical value for the
      classification of blast cell types. The lineage specificity of several of the
      McAb used in this study, confirmed by TEM, suggest that these reagents are
      valuable tools for the characterization of immature blast cells.

PMID- 3882138
TI  - Separation of malignant plasma cells from the bone marrow of patients with
      myelomatosis.
AB  - Complement-mediated lysis of bone marrow cells from patients with myelomatosis
      using a rabbit antiserum raised against normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      was found to greatly enrich the abnormal plasma cells. Cellular morphology was
      good and the cells were able to synthesize and secrete paraprotein. This was
      found to be a quick and useful method of preparing myeloma plasma cells for
      further studies of their metabolic properties.

PMID- 3882139
TI  - Immuno-enzymatic detection of fibronectin in normal and pathological
      haematopoietic tissue.
AB  - Cryostat sections of bone marrow biopsies were stained immuno-enzymatically for
      fibronectin using the alkaline phosphatase: anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP)
      technique. In normal marrow fibronectin was present only in megakaryocytes and
      the walls of blood vessels. In contrast, myelofibrotic bone marrow possessed an
      extensive distribution of fibronectin which did not correspond to the
      distribution of reticulin. Infiltrated and hypercellular marrows showed an
      increase in fibronectin which appeared to be related to increased marrow
      vascularity. Again no correlation with the reticulin pattern was evident. In
      contrast to platelets, other circulating blood cells had no demonstrable
      fibronectin. This study suggests that fibronectin does not act as a mediator of
      haemopoiesis in vivo as has been suggested by the results of experiments in non
      human models.

PMID- 3882140
TI  - Investigations of host defence in patients with sickle cell disease.
AB  - Parameters of host defence were investigated in 30 patients with sickle cell
      disease (SCD). A newly devised perfusion system was used to study the kinetics in
      whole blood of leucocyte adherence, phagocytosis, killing and solubilization of a
      mixture of Staph. aureus and Str. pneumoniae, and secretion of lactoferrin. A
      skin window technique was used to examine the accumulation of leucocytes at
      inflammatory foci and their subsequent rate of movement through a filter. Serum
      concentrations of C3, C4, total haemolytic complement and immunoglobulins were
      also measured. The rate of neutrophil migration into filters was slightly reduced
      in patients with SCD. The proportion of monocytes that emigrated from the skin
      windows and their rate of migration were markedly diminished. The adhesion of
      neutrophils and their ability to kill staphylococci were also reduced,
      particularly in patients of the haemoglobin (Hb) SS and Hb S-beta-thalassaemia
      genotypes. Neutrophil function was mostly impaired in patients with the greatest
      frequency of bacterial infection. The rate of clearance of pneumococci was
      related to the concentration of type specific immunoglobulin G but not M. Serum
      concentrations of immunoglobulins and complement were normal. We were unable to
      define a defect of host defence of sufficient magnitude to explain the
      susceptibility of these patients to severe infection.

PMID- 3882141
TI  - Incidence of hypertension after marrow transplantation among 112 patients
      randomized to either cyclosporine or methotrexate as graft-versus-host disease
      prophylaxis.
AB  - We investigated the frequency of hypertension (sustained diastolic blood pressure
      greater than or equal to 90 mmHg) in 112 patients given HLA-identical marrow
      grafts. Patients were conditioned with 2 X 60 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide and 6 X 2
      Gy of total body irradiation and randomized to receive as graft-versus-host
      disease prophylaxis either the standard methotrexate regimen (n = 61) or
      cyclosporine (n = 51), starting on day -1 as 12.5 mg/kg/d orally or as 3 mg/kg/d
      i.v. and later converting to p.o. when oral intake was tolerated. Kaplan-Meier
      estimates indicate a 60% incidence of hypertension in the first 120 d in patients
      given cyclosporine (median time to onset: 4 d post transplant) compared to 20% in
      patients given methotrexate (P less than 0.0001). Multifactorial analysis using a
      Cox regression model showed that cyclosporine was was the most significant risk
      factor for developing hypertension (relative risk: 32.1, P less than 0.0001). In
      addition, glucocorticoids, used for treatment of GVHD, were associated with an
      increased risk for hypertension (relative risk 7.2, P less than 0.0001). Age,
      sex, underlying disease, cyclosporine trough levels, and renal function had no
      significant association with hypertension. Early therapy of hypertension in
      cyclosporine-treated patients appears to be indicated.

PMID- 3882142
TI  - A paediatrician asks--why is it called birth injury?
AB  - It is irrational to ascribe a child's so called 'brain damage' to labour or
      delivery without considering other factors. 'Brain damage' occurs without
      difficult labour or perinatal hypoxia and caesarean section is no guarantee
      against it. Severe difficulties in delivery and severe hypoxia at birth are in
      the great majority not followed by evidence of 'brain damage'. In the maternal
      history there is a significantly greater incidence of relative infertility, and
      of pregnancies associated with low birthweight or intrauterine growth
      retardation, postmaturity, antepartum haemorrhage, pre-eclampsia or infections.
      There are often genetic factors, more congenital anomalies and pathological
      evidence of underlying abnormality. There is an interaction of numerous factors,
      prenatal, perinatal and postnatal and it is simplistic to ascribe 'brain damage'
      to single factors, such as breech delivery or hypoxia at birth, without
      considering the antecedent causes of those factors.

PMID- 3882143
TI  - Domperidone: secretion in breast milk and effect on puerperal prolactin levels.
AB  - The possible effect on the infant of dopamine antagonists used to promote
      lactation is cause for concern. Domperidone (Motilium) may be safer than other
      drugs in this group as it does not cross the blood-brain barrier. The mean serum
      level of prolactin 2 h after treatment with 20 mg of domperidone in the
      puerperium was 255 ng/ml compared with 150 ng/ml after a placebo. The mean
      domperidone level in all breast milk samples during treatment with 10 mg, three
      times daily, was 2.6 ng/ml. This was significantly more than levels after a
      single 20 mg dose sampled at 2 h (0.24 ng/ml) and at 4 h (1.1 ng/ml), and
      considerably less than values available for metoclopramide and sulpiride,
      relative to the therapeutic dosage. The effectiveness of domperidone to augment
      lactation requires further study.

PMID- 3882144
TI  - A simplified approach to oocyte recovery for in-vitro fertilization.

PMID- 3882145
TI  - Neural-tube defects and vitamins: the need for a randomized clinical trial.

PMID- 3882146
TI  - A comprehensive interactive on-line computer system for research and clinical
      practice in orthodontics.
AB  - An interactive on-line computer system for the measurement of cephalometric
      radiographs, and facial and plaster cast photographs is described. The details of
      the hardware (computer and peripherals) and software are provided. Numerical and
      graphical analysis and presentation of the resultant data are discussed. Many
      research and clinical applications of the system are outlined.

PMID- 3882147
TI  - The removable quadhelix appliance.
AB  - The introduction of a preformed removable quadhelix appliance with curved
      rotation sheaths for insertion and removal has overcome many of the clinical
      problems associated with the fixed quadhelix appliance. The design, fitting and
      activation of the appliance are described. Various applications and modifications
      are discussed.

PMID- 3882148
TI  - Influence of sterol structure on yeast plasma membrane properties.
AB  - Fluorescence anisotropy measurements indicated that physical changes occurred in
      the lipids of plasma membranes of yeast sterol mutants but not in the plasma
      membrane of an ergosterol wild-type. Parallel experiments with model membrane
      liposomes verified that the physical changes in lipids observed in the sterol
      mutants are dependent on the sterol present and not the phospholipid composition.
      In addition, the physical changes in lipids observed in liposomes derived from
      wild-type phospholipids were eliminated by addition of ergosterol but persisted
      in the presence of cholesterol, cholestanol, ergostanol, or sterols from the
      sterol mutants. No physical changes in lipids were observed, however, in plasma
      membranes from a sterol auxotroph, even when the auxotroph was grown on
      cholesterol or cholestanol. The lack of physical changes in lipids in the sterol
      auxotroph may reflect the ability of the auxotroph to modify its phospholipid
      composition with respect to its sterol composition. These results indicate that
      high specificity 'sparking' sterol is not required for the regulation of overall
      bulk lipid properties of the plasma membrane.

PMID- 3882149
TI  - Temperature-sensitive translation of MS2 bacteriophage RNA.
AB  - A comparison was made of bacteriophage MS2 RNA translation in infected
      Escherichia coli cells and in a defined cell-free system. A number of temperature
      sensitive mutants were used as hosts for viral RNA translation at permissive and
      restrictive temperatures. The amount of viral coat protein synthesis was
      determined after gel electrophoresis of proteins from the cell lysates. These
      results were compared to those obtained with cell-free translation assays
      conducted with ribosomes isolated from the same mutants. Compared with control
      cells, a reduced activity in vivo and in vitro was found for each mutant examined
      at elevated temperatures. A good correlation between the two types of
      translational assays was observed. These findings are discussed in terms of the
      translational defects known to be a characteristic of some of these mutant
      strains.

PMID- 3882150
TI  - The refolding of urea-denatured ribonuclease A is catalyzed by peptidyl-prolyl
      cis-trans isomerase.
AB  - The refolding of urea-denatured ribonuclease A was measured at 0.31-3.1 mol . l-1
      urea in the presence of various concentrations of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans
      isomerase isolated from pig kidney. The rate of the slow CT-phase in the
      refolding reaction was found to be sensitive to this enzyme. A rate enhancement
      proportional to the isomerase activity has been observed. The activity of the
      enzyme was assayed with Glt-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-4-nitroanilide. The catalytic
      activity of the isomerase against unfolded ribonuclease is suppressed after
      preincubation of the enzyme with 0.001 mol . l-1 Cu2+, 0.01 mol . l-1 H+ and by
      heat inactivation. The results indicate the involvement of the cis/trans
      interconversion of proline peptide bonds during the refolding of ribonuclease A.

PMID- 3882151
TI  - Starvation enhances lipoprotein lipase activity in the liver of the newborn rat.
AB  - To determine to what extent lipoprotein lipase activity in the liver of the
      newborn rat depends on milk ingestion, its changes were studied during different
      nutritional conditions. Newborns were placed with nurse rats with or without
      ligated nipples and they were killed at 0,8 or 24 h of life. Lipoprotein lipase
      in newborns liver was characterized by its inhibition in the presence of 1.0 M
      NaCl, its specific elution at 1.5 M NaCl on heparin-Sepharose 4B column and its
      requirement for serum in the assay mixture to manifest its activity. In fed
      animals lipoprotein lipase activity and triacylglycerol content in liver as well
      as circulating triacylglycerols and ketone bodies increased progressively after
      birth. When newborns were kept starved the change in enzyme activity was
      significantly enhanced, whereas the increase found after birth in the other
      parameters disappeared. Starvation produced reduction in circulating RIA-insulin
      levels in the newborn rats. Results show that liver lipoprotein lipase activity
      in the newborn rat is controlled by a mechanism which resembles that of the
      enzyme in the adult heart and indicate that its presence facilitates the uptake
      by the liver of fatty acids from circulating triacylglycerols for their oxidation
      rather than deposit.

PMID- 3882152
TI  - The circular dichroism properties of phi W-14 DNA containing alpha
      putrescinylthymine.
AB  - The circular dichroism properties of phi W-14 DNA containing alpha
      putrescinylthymine and its acetylated derivative have been examined in a number
      of aqueous solvents. Native phi W-14 DNA exhibits a B-type CD spectrum whose
      characteristics do not entirely conform to what would be expected for its GC
      content (51%). The conformationally sensitive positive band above 260 nm has a
      rotational strength greater than that normally found in prokaryotic DNAs of
      comparable GC content, such as Escherichia coli DNA. The rotational strength of
      this band in the spectrum of the heat-denatured form of phi W-14 DNA, however, is
      similar to that of heat denatured E. coli DNA. Abolition of the positive charge
      on the putrescine residues of native phi W-14 DNA by reaction with CH2O or by
      acetylation reduces the rotational strength to a level appropriate for its GC
      content. Increases in the electrolyte content of the solvent have the same
      effect, although the rotational strength of this band in phi W-14 DNA does not
      become comparable to that of E. coli DNA until 6-7 M LiCl. Titration to pH 10.6
      in solvents of modest electrolyte content, however, fails to appreciably affect
      the CD spectral properties of either native phi W-14 DNA or the derivative in
      which half of the secondary and all of the primary amino groups have been
      acetylated. On the basis of these results we have concluded that the enhanced
      rotational strength of the positive band above 260 nm in the CD spectrum of phi W
      14 DNA is due to a conformational difference caused by an ion-pair interaction of
      the positively charged primary amino groups of putrescine with the phosphate
      backbone. The CD spectral properties, however, reveal that these differences,
      averaged over the entire basepair population, appear to be relatively small. The
      average conformation, at least in dilute aqueous solutions, seems to be an
      unexceptional B variant with conformational properties which would be more
      appropriate for a DNA of higher CG content.

PMID- 3882153
TI  - Evidence that high mobility group protein 17 is not phosphorylated in human colon
      carcinoma cells.
AB  - The high mobility group proteins 14 and 17 were reported previously to be
      phosphorylated in murine and human tumor cell lines. Recently, it was suggested
      that subgroups of HMG-14, HMG-14a and 14b, but not HMG-17, were phosphorylated in
      situ in HeLa cells. In order to definitively determine whether HMG-17 is indeed
      phosphorylated or whether the protein previously identified as [32P]HMG-17 was a
      subgroup of HMG-14, we have used the technique of electroblotting in conjunction
      with an immunochemical procedure utilizing anti-HMG-17 IgG. Our results indicate
      that HMG-17 was not phosphorylated in human colon carcinoma cell line HT-29
      incubated for 18 h with 32Pi, but that HMG-14a and HMG-14b were phosphorylated.
      In contrast, HMG-14a, -14b and -17 were phosphorylated in vitro in isolated
      nuclei incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP.

PMID- 3882154
TI  - Effects of insulin on the metabolism of the isolated working rat heart perfused
      with undiluted rat blood.
AB  - Working rat hearts were perfused with either buffer or with defibrinated,
      undiluted rat blood dialyzed to remove vasoconstrictor factors. With precautions
      taken for sterility in the preparation of the perfusate and the apparatus, hearts
      were obtained which were stable as judged by stroke rate and cardiac output. In
      these hearts, cardiac output and coronary flow averaged 46.0 and 1.7 ml/g heart
      per min, respectively. Perfusion with erythrocyte-free buffer depressed cardiac
      output by 30%, while coronary flow averaged 8.8 ml/g of heart per min. The mean
      stroke rate of blood-perfused hearts was 300 beats/min but only 240 beats/min
      during buffer perfusion. In blood-perfused hearts, insulin did not alter stroke
      rate but significantly lowered coronary flow. The hormone caused a transient
      increase in cardiac output in hearts perfused with buffer. Insulin did not alter
      glucose uptake in buffer-perfused hearts but increased lactate release in
      perfusions with blood. Both serum fatty acids and triacylglycerol fatty acids
      were significant metabolic fuels in hearts perfused with undiluted blood. The
      preparation described would appear to be potentially useful for the study of
      myocardial metabolism in vitro.

PMID- 3882155
TI  - The effects of cesium chloride on insulin release, ionic fluxes and membrane
      potential in pancreatic B-cells.
AB  - Cs+ decreases K+ permeability in nerve and muscle cells. Its effects on the
      pancreatic B-cell function were studied with mouse islets. In the presence of 3
      mM glucose, Cs+ substitution for K+ steadily inhibited 86Rb+ efflux and
      hyperpolarized the B-cell membrane. Addition of Cs+ to a K+-medium also inhibited
      86Rb+ efflux, but depolarized the B-cell membrane. None of these changes altered
      insulin release. Substitution of Cs+ for K+ in a medium containing 10 mM glucose
      caused a Ca2+-dependent stimulation of insulin release and 45Ca2+ efflux,
      produced an initial fall and a secondary rise in 86Rb+ efflux and augmented the
      electrical activity in B-cells. Reintroduction of K+ to the medium was followed
      by a marked and transient inhibition of insulin release, that was blocked by
      ouabain and accompanied by an inhibition of 45Ca2+ and 86Rb+ efflux and by a
      hyperpolarization of the B-cell membrane. Addition of Cs+ to a K+ medium
      containing 10 mM glucose stimulated insulin release, 45Ca2+ efflux and 86Rb+
      efflux. It also increased the electrical activity in B-cells. In the absence of
      Ca2+, however, Cs+ addition decreased the rate of 86Rb+ efflux. The effects of
      Cs+ on the B-cell function may be explained by its ability to decrease K+
      permeability of the plasma membrane, by its inability to activate the sodium
      pump, and by a third unidentified effect likely brought about by the accumulation
      of intracellular Cs+.

PMID- 3882156
TI  - The effect of streptozotocin diabetes on insulin binding by isolated rat kidney
      tubules.
AB  - Preparations of kidney tubules were isolated from rat kidney cortex and were
      demonstrated to possess specific binding sites for insulin. The binding was time
      and temperature-dependent and the label was displaced by bovine insulin, A1-B29
      dodecoyl insulin, proinsulin and insulin A- and B-chains in proportion to their
      relative activity. Cell-associated degradation was studied by incubating tubules
      in the presence of fatty-acid-free albumin. The tubules showed high insulin
      degrading activity, which was dependent on temperature, time and cell
      concentration. The number and affinity of insulin receptors on tubules isolated
      from kidneys taken from streptozotocin-diabetic rats was not significantly
      different from tubules isolated from untreated control or insulin-treated
      diabetic rats. Diabetes did not alter the kinetics of insulin degradation by the
      tubules. This lack of response by the tubules to changes in the concentration of
      circulating insulin supports the hypothesis that the kidneys do not play an
      active role in modulating the rate of insulin removal from the circulation.

PMID- 3882157
TI  - Comparison of secretion and subcellular localization of von Willebrand protein
      with that of thrombospondin and fibronectin in cultured human vascular
      endothelial cells.
AB  - Cultured human vascular endothelial cells synthesize von Willebrand protein,
      thrombospondin and fibronectin. These proteins are secreted in the culture medium
      and incorporated into the extracellular matrix. We have compared the subcellular
      localization and the secretion of these proteins in response to stimulants in
      cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Density gradient centrifugation
      using colloidal silica showed that the storage and secretion organelle with von
      Willebrand protein did not contain thrombospondin or fibronectin. Indirect
      immunofluorescence microscopy indicated that thrombospondin and fibronectin are
      not located in the rod-shaped organelles containing von Willebrand protein.
      Thrombin, ionophore A23187 and phorbol myristate acetate did not affect secretion
      of thrombospondin and fibronectin, while von Willebrand protein secretion was
      stimulated upon incubation of cells with these agents for 30 min. Prolonged
      incubation of cultured endothelial cells after a 1-h treatment with phorbol
      myristate acetate resulted in an increased secretion of von Willebrand protein
      into the conditioned medium; in contrast, accumulation of thrombospondin and
      fibronectin in endothelial cell-conditioned medium was decreased. These findings
      indicate that, unlike in platelets, these major endothelial proteins are not
      located in the same subcellular compartments. Von Willebrand protein is
      distinguished from thrombospondin and fibronectin both by its unique subcellular
      localization and its secretion rate in response to stimuli.

PMID- 3882158
TI  - Kinetic studies of D-glucose transport in renal brush-border membrane vesicles of
      streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AB  - Renal brush-border membrane vesicles prepared from streptozotocin-induced 4-day
      diabetic rats possessed a Na+-dependent D-glucose transport system that exhibited
      apparent Kt and Vmax values about 2-fold greater than normal. Apparently,
      hyperglycemia and probably other stimuli cause the induction and membrane
      incorporation of a low-affinity transporter in these membranes; this increased
      sugar-transport capacity is retained for at least 4 weeks so long as the animals
      maintained or increased their body weight. Membranes prepared from 28-day
      diabetic, severely ill ketoacidotic animals lose this enhanced transport ability
      and the decrease in Vmax was found to correlate directly with the weight loss.
      Furthermore, the transporter in brush-border membranes prepared from these
      cachectic animals had an even lower affinity for glucose than those from the
      acute hyperglycemic animals. That these changes in the diabetic animals represent
      major alterations in renal brush-border membrane construction is further
      supported by our observation that the specific activity of the marker enzymes,
      alkaline phosphatase and neutral alpha-glucosidase, are profoundly increased and
      decreased, respectively, in this condition.

PMID- 3882159
TI  - Studies of insulin action on the amphibian oocyte plasma membrane using NMR,
      electrophysiological and ion flux techniques.
AB  - Insulin (0.1-10 microM) reinitiates the meiotic divisions in Rana oocytes and
      produces a 14-20 mV negative-going hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane as
      well as a 0.25 unit increase in intracellular pH during the first 90 min. During
      hyperpolarization, the Na+ conductance of the membrane decreases by 40-50% with a
      concomitant increase in 22Na+ uptake from the medium. The increased uptake of Na+
      during a period of decreasing Na+ conductance is apparently due to an increase in
      fluid phase turnover associated with insulin-mediated endocytosis. Both membrane
      hyperpolarization and increase in pHi are Na+-dependent and are blocked by the
      serine proteinase inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. The membrane
      potential of the prophase oocyte has a significant electrogenic component with
      potential but not conductance sensitive to glycosides and substitution of Li+ for
      Na+. Insulin hyperpolarizes Li+ or glycoside-treated oocytes whereas glycosides
      do not affect insulin-hyperpolarized oocytes. [3H]Ouabain binding by the plasma
      membrane of the untreated oocyte shows at least two K+-sensitive components (Kd =
      42 and 2000 nM) linked to inhibition of the Na+ pump. Insulin-treated oocytes
      show a single class of intermediate-affinity ouabain sites (Kd = 490 nM) which
      appear to result from insulin-induced internalization of membrane-bound ouabain.
      [125I]Insulin binding to the plasma membrane shows a class of high-affinity sites
      (Kd = 87 nM) with 40-50 pump sites per insulin-binding site. Our results suggest
      that insulin-induced mediator peptides stimulate Na+-H+ exchange resulting in an
      increase in intracellular pH and Na+ uptake concomitant with an increase in
      receptor-mediated endocytosis and a decrease in Na+ conductance and associated
      membrane hyperpolarization. The net result appears to be a down-regulation of the
      Na+ pump which together with a decrease in Na+ conductance may divert high-energy
      phosphate compounds from cation regulation to anabolic processes of meiosis.

PMID- 3882160
TI  - [Mechanisms in the regulation of the level of lipid radiosensitizing agents in
      yeast cells with different types of radioresistance].
AB  - Factors controlling the lipid sensitizers level: the composition of fatty lipid
      acids, their antioxidative activity, the enzyme systems reactivity (superoxide
      dismutase, catalase, glutatione peroxidase and glutatione reductase) have been
      studied in yeast cells with different radioresistance. In six lines of yeast
      cells the leading role of superoxide dismutase--one of the regulators of lipid
      peroxidation have been demonstrated in cells native radioresistance formation.

PMID- 3882161
TI  - [Streptomyces spheroides M8-2 strain--a producer of extracellular proteolytic
      enzymes possessing fibrinolytic and thrombolytic action].
AB  - Strain Streptomyces spheroides M8-2 was obtained as a result of ultraviolet light
      action on the S. spheroides spores strain 35. The mutant is characterized by the
      considerable increase (in 4-5 times) of the extracellular proteolytic enzymes
      which are able to dissolve fibrin and thrombs. The description of the morfologic,
      cultural and physiologic-biochemical properties of the culture is given. The
      content of GC-pairs in DNK of the mutant and parent strains has been determined.

PMID- 3882162
TI  - Mammalian reproduction: an ecological perspective.
AB  - The objectives of this paper are to organize our concepts about the environmental
      regulation of reproduction in mammals and to delineate important gaps in our
      knowledge of this subject. The environmental factors of major importance for
      mammalian reproduction are food availability, ambient temperature, rainfall, the
      day/night cycle and a variety of social cues. The synthesis offered here uses as
      its core the bioenergetic control of reproduction. Thus, for example, annual
      patterns of breeding are viewed as reflecting primarily the caloric costs of the
      female's reproductive effort as they relate to the energetic costs and gains
      associated with her foraging effort. Body size of the female is an important
      consideration since it is correlated with both potential fat reserves and life
      span. Variation in nutrient availability may or may not be an important
      consideration. The evolutionary forces that have shaped the breeding success of
      males usually are fundamentally different from those acting on females and, by
      implication, the environmental controls governing reproduction probably also
      often differ either qualitatively or quantitatively in the two sexes. Mammals
      often live in habitats where energetic and nutrient challenges vary seasonally,
      even in the tropics. When seasonal breeding is required, a mammal may use a
      predictor such as photoperiod or a secondary plant compound to prepare
      metabolically for reproduction. A reasonable argument can be made, however, that
      opportunistic breeding, unenforced by a predictor, may be the most prevalent
      strategy extant among today's mammals. Social cues can have potent modulating
      actions. They can act either via discrete neural and endocrine pathways to alter
      specific processes such as ovulation, or they can induce nonspecific emotional
      states that secondarily affect reproduction. Many major gaps remain in our
      knowledge about the environmental regulation of mammalian reproduction. For one,
      we have a paucity of information about the annual patterns of breeding and about
      the mechanisms controlling these patterns in the most common mammals on the
      planet-the small to average-sized mammals living in the tropics. We probably have
      only a shallow conceptualization of the way available energy and nutrients
      control reproduction and, likewise, we may have only a narrow view of the
      potential kinds and uses of seasonal predictors. Finally, we have little
      appreciation of the way environmental cues interact with each other to control
      reproduction.

PMID- 3882163
TI  - Development of pituitary gonadotropic cells in the pig fetus and the effect of
      luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone administration.
AB  - Pituitary gonadotropic development in fetal pigs has been studied
      immunocytochemically. From 50 days postcoitum (p.c.) until 90 days p.c. the
      volume density of luteinizing hormone (LH) immunoreactive cells increased from
      0.12% to 0.61% of the glandular mass of the anterior part of the pituitary gland.
      From 90 to 100 days p.c. a steep increase to 4.5% was found. A single injection
      of long-acting luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) to the fetus at 75
      days p.c. inhibited this developmental pattern. Pulsatile administration of LHRH
      agonist to fetuses from 70 to 73 days p.c. had no significant effect on the
      volume density of LH immunoreactive cells, whereas pulsatile administration from
      70 to 80 days p.c. and from 95 to 105 days p.c. inhibited the normal increase of
      this parameter. It is concluded that from 70 days p.c. onwards the development of
      fetal gonadotropic cells can be manipulated by exogenous LHRH.

PMID- 3882164
TI  - Binding of insulin dimers to receptors.
AB  - A synthesis of current views of the nature of the self-association of insulin in
      solution, of the identity of the amino acid residues in the insulin molecule
      constituting the receptor binding site, and of characteristics of the apparent
      'negative cooperativity' of the binding leads to the seemingly contradictory
      conclusions that only the monomeric form of the protein is available and capable
      of binding, yet that other species must bind as well. A solution that has been
      proposed is that an alternative binding site exists, one which is not involved in
      insulin dimerization. Here, these conclusions are re-examined in the light of the
      characteristics of a new model for the polymerization of insulin. Firstly, it is
      found that the idea that dimers and higher polymers of insulin can bind to
      receptors is plausible, even necessary, secondly, that the postulate of an
      alternative binding site on insulin molecules is not required, and finally, that
      the characteristics of the insulin-receptor interaction warrant further
      investigation specifically in terms of the ability of some insulins to polymerize
      in solution and their potential to cross-link receptors.

PMID- 3882165
TI  - [Use of electrocumulation of 5-fluorouracil in treating acute experimental
      pancreatitis].
AB  - The effect of electrocumulation of 5-fluorouracil with the aid of electric field
      of constant current was studied in rats with experimental acute pancreatitis. 5
      Fluorouracil was injected intraperitoneally in a dose of 4.5 mg per 100 g bw.
      Serum alpha-amylase, trypsin, trypsin inhibitor, lipase and total protease
      activity in the pancreatic tissue was studied as indicator of the treatment
      efficacy with 5-fluorouracil electro-cumulation. The levels of serum enzymes as
      well as the total proteolytic activity in the pancreatic tissue were far more
      decreased starting from the 3d-6th hour after induction of acute pancreatitis in
      rats treated by 5-fluorouracil with the aid of electric field of constant current
      as compared with other groups of rats.

PMID- 3882166
TI  - [Fc mu R on neutrophils].
AB  - To detect Fc mu R, use was made of human and animal neutrophils. The detection of
      the receptors was possible only after the use of special manipulations: 1)
      cultivation for 18 h in a IgM-free of IgM-low medium, 2) treatment of neutrophils
      with hypotonic shock and then with acetate buffer solution. Both the methods
      provided similar results, permitting the detection on an average of 13-22% of
      neutrophils (up to 39%) carrying the receptors under consideration.

PMID- 3882167
TI  - [Nonidentity of Lyt phenotypes and the radiosensitivity of early and late
      producers of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in reaction to H-2 complex
      antigens].
AB  - MIF production induced at different times after intravenous immunization of mice
      with irradiated allogeneic splenic cells showed different sensitivity to the
      treatment with anti-Lyt-antibodies and to gamma-irradiation. The "early" MIF
      producers induced several hours after alloimmunization were sensitive to
      irradiation at a dose of 500 rad and to the treatment with anti-Lyt-1- and anti
      Lyt-2-antibodies and complement, while the "late" MIF producers which appeared 21
      days after alloimmunization were resistant to irradiation at doses of 500 and
      1500 rad and to the treatment with anti-Lyt-2-antibodies but sensitive to anti
      Lyt-1-antibodies. It is supposed that the "early" MIF producers of the Lyt-1+2+
      phenotype are immature precursors of T cells which, in contradistinction to the
      "late" MIF producers of the Lyt-1+2+ phenotype, are activated and produce MIF
      without proliferation after a twofold contact with antigen.

PMID- 3882168
TI  - [Topography of the subnuclei of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus in rats
      and the sensitivity of their neurons to insulin deficiency].
AB  - Light microscopy was used to investigate the morphology and topography of
      hypothalamic paraventricular subnuclei in adult male rats. The subnuclear cell
      reaction to experimental alloxan diabetes was studied by karyometry. The
      paraventricular nucleus was established to contain 10 subnuclei, 8 of which
      responded to disorders in carbohydrate metabolism. The data obtained are
      consistent with the hypothesis of the involvement of the paraventricular nucleus
      in the control of carbohydrate homeostasis.

PMID- 3882169
TI  - Recurrence of aplastic anemia following cyclophosphamide and syngeneic bone
      marrow transplantation: evidence for two mechanisms of graft failure.
AB  - Two patients with aplastic anemia were treated with high-dose cyclophosphamide
      and marrow transplantation from their normal, genetically identical twin. Both
      patients rapidly recovered normal marrow function, but marrow failure recurred 13
      and 18 months later. Because donor and host pairs were identical twins, these
      cases of graft failure could not have resulted from the usual cause of graft
      failure, ie, immunological reactivity of host cells against unshared minor
      histocompatibility antigens of the donor. These results imply that there are at
      least two mechanisms responsible for graft failure after marrow transplantation
      for severe aplastic anemia.

PMID- 3882170
TI  - Fibronectin in artery subendothelium is important for platelet adhesion.
AB  - The role of subendothelial fibronectin in platelet interaction with
      subendothelium was studied. Human umbilical artery subendothelium was exposed to
      flowing blood containing 111In-labeled platelets in an annular perfusion chamber.
      Platelet adhesion was determined from the 111In radioactivity on the vessel wall.
      When perfusions were performed for five minutes at a wall shear rate of 1,800 s
      1, platelet adhesion was the same whether normal plasma or fibronectin-free
      plasma was used. Preincubation of subendothelium with rabbit anti-human
      fibronectin serum, however, resulted in a marked inhibition of platelet adhesion.
      Preincubation with normal rabbit serum had no effect. Platelet adhesion was also
      diminished when the vessel wall was preincubated with anti-fibronectin IgG
      fraction or F(ab')2 fragment. After the latter preincubations, frozen sections of
      4 micron were incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated goat anti
      rabbit IgG, F(ab')2 fragment specific. Fluorescence was seen throughout the
      subendothelium both before and after perfusion. No fluorescence was seen when
      subendothelium was preincubated with normal rabbit IgG or F(ab')2 or with anti
      fibronectin IgG that had been absorbed with purified fibronectin. After
      absorption of anti-fibronectin IgG with purified fibronectin, the inhibiting
      effect on platelet adhesion was also no longer present. Preincubation of the
      vessel wall with anti-fibronectin IgG reduced platelet adhesion significantly at
      a wall shear rate of 800 s-1. This effect was even greater at 1,800 s-1. At low
      shear rate (400 s-1), there was no inhibition.

PMID- 3882171
TI  - Immunologic heterogeneity of diffuse large cell lymphoma.
AB  - The cellular lineage of 57 diffuse large-cell lymphomas (DLCLs) was determined
      using a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against lineage-restricted and 
      associated T, B, and monocyte antigens. The majority (82%) were of B cell lineage
      as determined by the expression of sig and/or B1, with the remaining 16% being of
      T cell lineage and 2%, of monocyte-myeloid lineage. By the expression of other B
      cell-restricted and -associated antigens, two major and two minor subgroups could
      be identified. These subgroups expressed the following phenotypes: (1)
      B1+B4+sIG+B2- (51%); (2) B1+B4+sIg+B2+ (29%); (3) B1+B4+sIg-B2+ (10%); and (4)
      B1+B4-sIg+B2- (10)%. The morphology of transformed lymphocytes, the weak to
      absent expression of the early B cell antigens B2 and sIgD, and the absence of
      the late B cell differentiation antigens PCA-1 and PC-1 suggested that these
      tumors were the neoplastic counterparts of normal B cells at the mid-stages of
      differentiation. Further support for the notion that B-DLCLs correspond to
      transformed B lymphocytes was concluded from the observation that B cells could
      be identified in normal spleen that expressed the cell surface phenotype and
      morphological appearance of the majority of B-DLCLs.

PMID- 3882172
TI  - Ethanol raises prostacyclin in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 3882174
TI  - No influence of number of donor CFU-GM on granulocyte recovery in bone marrow
      transplantation for acute leukemia.
AB  - The possible interrelation between infused bone marrow CFU-GM and peripheral
      granulocyte recovery was studied in 16 patients transplanted for acute leukemia.
      The influence of several clinical events that could modify the graft fate were
      also analysed. Our results show that: 1) There was no correlation between the
      number of infused nucleated cells and granulocyte recovery. 2) There was no
      correlation between the number of infused CFU-GM and granulocyte regeneration. 3)
      There were significant differences between the day of engraftment in patients
      with clinically documented HSV infection compared to patients without infection.

PMID- 3882173
TI  - Current concepts on the biology of neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3882175
TI  - Rapid assessment of effluent toxicities using E. coli as a bioindicator.

PMID- 3882176
TI  - The new entrepreneurialism in health care. The historical perspective.

PMID- 3882177
TI  - Renal bone disease.
AB  - Advances in the last few years have led to an understanding of some of the
      mechanisms by which renal bone disease arises with the result that, despite their
      complexity, the objectives of treatment and the way in which these might be
      realized have become more accurately defined.

PMID- 3882178
TI  - Treatment of Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Levodopa is widely regarded as the treatment of choice in Parkinson's disease
      although complications gradually emerge during long-term therapy. The addition of
      adjuvants may be worthwhile, but it must be recognized that drug therapy offers
      incomplete and diminished symptom relief.

PMID- 3882179
TI  - Low temperature and conventional scanning electron microscopy of human
      urothelium.
AB  - The appearance of fixed dehydrated non-neoplastic human urothelium viewed by
      conventional scanning electron microscopy (CSEM) is different from that of frozen
      hydrated human urothelium viewed by low temperature scanning electron microscopy
      (LTSEM). In the fixed dehydrated material the surface is formed by well defined,
      polygonal, domed superficial urothelial cells which have prominent surface
      microridges. In places intermediate urothelial cells are visible and they have
      surface microvilli. In the frozen hydrated material viewed by LTSEM most of the
      surface is smooth. This is formed in part by a glutaraldehyde soluble
      extracellular secretion which may be a mucin barrier to bacteria. We believe that
      the rest of the smooth surface is formed by superficial urothelial cells which
      are not well defined and which lack microridges. There are islands of rounded
      cells lacking microvilli which are probably intermediate urothelial cells as they
      correspond in appearance with the intermediate urothelial cells seen in freeze
      fractured material. It seems likely that fixation and dehydration will cause some
      change in surface configuration and in theory the frozen hydrated material should
      more closely resemble the natural state. We believe that LTSEM will be of value
      in investigating normal and diseased urothelium.

PMID- 3882180
TI  - Invasive potential of superficial bladder cancer. A study of the relative merits
      of predictive parameters.
AB  - The indirect immunoperoxidase test to detect urothelial cell surface blood group
      antigens was performed in an attempt to assess the loss of these antigens as a
      prognostic predictor. In our technique A, B and O(H) blood group specific
      monoclonal antibodies were used. It was possible to perform the test
      satisfactorily on histological material from 55 cases which were superficial on
      presentation; 15 subsequently became invasive. The loss of surface antigens
      correlated well with histological grade--44.4% of G1, 87.2% of G2 and 94.1% of G3
      tumours were antigen-negative. The blood group phenotype of 114 patients was
      studied. In the group that subsequently became invasive, 14 of 26 (54%) were of
      blood group A phenotype compared with 37 of 88 (42%) in the non-invasive
      category. Acetylation studies were performed on 47 cases. In the group that
      subsequently became invasive, 5 of 10 (50%) had the slow phenotype of the enzyme
      N-acetyltransferase compared with 13 of 37 (35%) in the group that remained
      superficial.

PMID- 3882182
TI  - Re-routing of the track for the treatment of high anal and anorectal fistulae.
AB  - A transposition technique for the management of high anal and anorectal fistulae
      is described. The method involves re-routing the extrasphincteric portion of the
      track into an intersphincteric position with immediate repair of the external
      sphincter. The newly positioned intersphincteric fistula is then dealt with at a
      later date when the external sphincter is soundly healed. In this way the number
      of operations needed to deal with such a fistula may be reduced, a colostomy is
      not necessary, healing is more rapid and continence is preserved. Details of the
      first five cases dealt with in this way and their successful outcome are
      reported.

PMID- 3882181
TI  - Minocycline in chronic abacterial prostatitis: a double-blind prospective trial.
AB  - In patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis, a double-blind trial of 3 months
      of treatment with minocycline 100 mg twice daily compared with diazepam 5 mg
      twice daily was undertaken. The percentage fall in polymorphonuclear leucocyte
      counts in the expressed prostatic secretions was much more marked after treatment
      with minocycline than with diazepam. Over a follow-up period of at least 12
      months, further treatment was necessary in more patients originally treated with
      diazepam than with minocycline.

PMID- 3882183
TI  - A randomized trial of oral 5-fluorouracil versus placebo as adjuvant therapy in
      colorectal cancer Dukes' B and C: results after 5 years observation time.
AB  - A double-blind randomized trial of daily oral 5-fluorouracil (5 mg kg-1
      bodyweight) for 3 months versus placebo as adjuvant therapy to surgical treatment
      of colorectal cancer Dukes' B and C was conducted. In total 421 patients were
      randomized; 198 patients with Dukes' B, 159 with Dukes' C and 64 were referred to
      a limited resection group. The distribution of prognostic variables was similar
      in both groups indicating the absence of any bias and the efficacy of the
      randomization. Disease-free interval and survival time were analysed as end
      points. After 5 years of follow-up of all patients there was no significant
      difference between treatment or placebo group in the total material or the
      subgroups regarding either of the end points. There was no difference in
      localization of first recurrence between treated and control group. A high
      withdrawal of therapy was found in the 5-FU group (40 per cent) and in the
      placebo group (13 per cent).

PMID- 3882184
TI  - The long-term management of patients after an oesophageal variceal bleed: the
      role of sclerotherapy.

PMID- 3882185
TI  - Viruses and the versatile macrophage.

PMID- 3882186
TI  - Local immune responses.

PMID- 3882187
TI  - Antibody and complement in viral infections.

PMID- 3882188
TI  - Strategies of virus persistence.

PMID- 3882189
TI  - Viral aetiology of diseases of obscure origin.

PMID- 3882190
TI  - Virus and immune responses: lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus as a prototype
      model of viral pathogenesis.

PMID- 3882191
TI  - The immunology of influenza.

PMID- 3882192
TI  - On the role of viruses in the evolution of immune responses.

PMID- 3882193
TI  - Neuroanatomical tracing by use of Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L):
      electron microscopy of PHA-L-filled neuronal somata, dendrites, axons and axon
      terminals.
AB  - Following iontophoretic application of the plant lectin Phaseolus vulgaris
      leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) to brain areas of rats, and subsequent
      immunohistochemistry, reaction product can be observed with the light microscope
      to fill neurons completely, including their somata, dendrites, dendritic
      appendages and axons. Moreover, axons often show profuse collateralization and
      indications of termination, including numerous en passant and terminal
      varicosities. The present report describes a protocol for combining light
      microscopic examination of PHA-L-stained neurons and electron microscopy of
      details of their processes, including the axonal varicosities. The results
      support the hypothesis that axonal varicosities are the light microscopic
      representations of synaptic axon terminals seen in electron microscopic
      preparations.

PMID- 3882194
TI  - Choline acetyltransferase activity of the principal vestibular nuclei of rat,
      studied by micropunch technique.
AB  - We have assayed choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity, as a specific marker
      for cholinergic neurons, in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) as a whole, and
      in the 4 individual principal vestibular nuclei, dissected by a micropunch
      technique. The VNC contains a significant amount of CAT activity, comparable to
      that of hippocampus and frontal cortex. CAT activity is relatively concentrated
      in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN), which agrees with studies by others
      showing a greater concentration of muscarinic receptors in MVN. We conclude that
      cholinergic systems may play a role in central vestibular function, particularly
      within the MVN.

PMID- 3882195
TI  - [Detection of specific antibodies against Trichomonas vaginalis in human serum].

PMID- 3882196
TI  - [Mitotic activity of myocardial muscle cells in mammals in the early postnatal
      period].

PMID- 3882197
TI  - Gordon memorial lecture: people, poultry and pathogenic mycoplasmas.
AB  - Man in managing poultry for human benefit has found that his methods may
      precipitate or exacerbate certain diseases: among which are the mycoplasmosis of
      fowls and turkeys. Control measures for these conditions have therefore been
      sought and to make them effective it has been necessary to study the
      epidemiology, diagnosis and pathogenesis of these conditions. Much is now known
      about their epidemiology although certain aspects still require investigation.
      More sensitive and specific methods of diagnosis are also required and although
      it is possible to control these conditions by eradication the mycoplasmosis are
      still an economic problem. Under existing management systems, therefore,
      development and use of effective vaccines and additional drugs are essential. It
      is noteworthy that the pathogenesis of at least one of the avian mycoplasmosis is
      similar to human immune-complex disease. In further elucidation of this complex
      the fowl may be a useful experimental animal. Thus the association of people,
      poultry and pathogenic mycoplasmas not only involves attempts to control the
      pathogens in order to attain maximum production by poultry but also could include
      the utilisation of poultry and the pathogen in an attempt to elucidate some of
      the diseases of people.

PMID- 3882199
TI  - AIDS and the anaesthetist.

PMID- 3882198
TI  - Diltiazem.

PMID- 3882200
TI  - Mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm: a case report.
AB  - A case of mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta, arising as a complication of
      subacute bacterial endocarditis in a 75-year-old white woman, is presented. The
      dramatically expansile nature of this aneurysm is well documented. The history,
      clinical presentation, etiology, microbiology and surgical management of this
      rapidly progressive and often fatal condition are discussed through a review of
      the literature.

PMID- 3882201
TI  - Pressure necrosis is the primary cause of wound dehiscence.
AB  - Wound dehiscence occurs because the distracting forces in a wound exceed the
      holding forces. Critical analysis of these forces indicates that pressure
      necrosis from sutures is the primary factor in wound dehiscence. Other factors
      play a secondary role, either in delaying the healing of a wound or in increasing
      the stress on it. To prevent pressure necrosis, a mechanically sound method of
      cradling the entire wound in a series of wide-biting encircling retention
      sutures, 2.5 cm apart, is described. Each retention suture is tied loosely with a
      measured tension sufficient to hold the wound together while avoiding pressure
      necrosis. In this prospective study the tension used is equal to 300 g, far less
      than surgeons usually use. There were no wound dehiscences in 787 consecutive
      abdominal incisions repaired by this method.

PMID- 3882202
TI  - Mediastinal packing for refractory nonsurgical bleeding after open-heart surgery.
AB  - Patients with infective endocarditis and disseminated intravascular coagulation
      may require emergency valve replacement because of acute hemodynamic
      decompensation. After cardiopulmonary bypass is discontinued, nonsurgical
      hemorrhage, refractory to conventional treatment, may occur. The author describes
      a technique of mediastinal packing for temporary control of bleeding until the
      coagulation disorder can be corrected. The pack can be removed transcutaneously
      without reoperation. This method should be used only when all other approaches
      have failed to achieve hemostasis.

PMID- 3882203
TI  - Ultrasonography and the surgeon.

PMID- 3882204
TI  - Gallstone ileus in the absence of the gallbladder: case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Although small-bowel obstruction due to gallstone ileus is uncommon, it assumes
      increasing importance with advancing age. The obstructing gallstone enters the
      bowel through an internal fistula between gallbladder and duodenum. The authors
      describe the case of a patient who had undergone cholecystectomy and in whom
      gallstone ileus occurred secondary to a stone that entered the bowel through a
      choledochoduodenal fistula. Treatment was traditional with removal of the
      obstructing stone, but the fistula was left undisturbed. The authors believe that
      further biliary tract symptoms are unlikely. The patient was well 8 weeks after
      operation and roentgenograms indicated that the internal biliary fistula was
      patent.

PMID- 3882205
TI  - Right hepatic lobectomy for primary and metastatic tumour: experience in a
      community teaching hospital.
AB  - The first eight patients who required either a total or extended hepatic
      lobectomy for malignant tumour at a community teaching hospital are reviewed. Two
      patients had primary liver tumours and six had metastatic adenocarcinomas, five
      from colorectal and one from an unknown primary tumour. There were no deaths
      perioperatively, morbidity was minimal and survival was encouraging. Three
      patients died of disseminated disease 9, 16 and 18 months respectively after
      hepatic resection. However, five patients were free of disease 19, 27, 52, 63 and
      80 months after operation. The authors' initial experience compares favourably
      with that of others and demonstrates that major hepatic resection can be done
      safely and can offer prolonged survival of good quality to a selected group of
      patients, even when the tumour load is large.

PMID- 3882206
TI  - Winnipeg Orthopedic Society, a short history.

PMID- 3882207
TI  - The benefits of war--to surgery.

PMID- 3882208
TI  - Pulmonary embolectomy: a review.
AB  - Massive pulmonary embolism continues to be a major cause of death in spite of
      improved medical therapy. Only a small number of patients with pulmonary embolism
      refractory to medical treatment are referred for pulmonary embolectomy. A
      literature review of patients with massive pulmonary embolism treated by
      pulmonary embolectomy showed that the operation was highly successful in those
      who were unlikely to survive with other modes of therapy. Specific indications
      and management are outlined on the basis of these cumulative data.

PMID- 3882209
TI  - Single-layer large-bowel anastomosis: a report of 250 cases.
AB  - Single-layer mucosa-excluding intestinal anastomoses involving the large bowel
      were evaluated in 249 patients (250 procedures). All patients operated on
      electively had mechanical bowel preparation but not all received antibiotics.
      Forty-nine anastomoses were performed as part of emergency procedures in which
      antibiotics were given intravenously. Three leaks were noted in two patients, a
      rate of 1.2%. There were no deaths attributable to anastomotic dehiscence. These
      results compare favourably with both hand-sewn and stapled anastomoses described
      in the literature.

PMID- 3882210
TI  - [Infectious mononucleosis and splenic pseudocyst: presentation of a case].
AB  - The authors report the clinical case of an 18-year-old patient who presented with
      a symptomatic mass in the left upper quadrant 6 months after having infectious
      mononucleosis. The preoperative investigation consisted principally of echography
      and computerized axial tomography of the abdomen, which demonstrated a cystic
      mass of the lower pole of the spleen. Splenectomy was carried out. Histologic
      examination showed a pseudocyst of the spleen with a fibrous capsule without an
      epithelial lining. The treatment and pathogenesis of pseudocysts of the spleen
      secondary to infectious mononucleosis are discussed.

PMID- 3882211
TI  - The military surgeon--not least in the crusade.
AB  - The history of the surgeon in warfare is briefly reviewed. The steady improvement
      in mortality and morbidity in the major wars of the 20th century has been based
      on a melding of sound surgical and medical military principles. A number of
      points are emphasized. Care in the forward area is directed towards those
      measures that will preserve life and facilitate early and comfortable evacuation
      to forward surgical hospitals. Triage is vital at this level with criteria for
      admission to hospital depending at any one time on casualty loads and surgical
      potential, the remaining patients being sent to large and relatively fixed
      hospitals in the rear. All selected patients are admitted to a resuscitation ward
      where, after thorough evaluation, life-saving measures are instituted and blood
      volume deficits rapidly replaced before operation. The aim is to debride
      thoroughly all wounds within 8 hours of injury. The wounds are left open and
      dressed to be followed by delayed primary closure in 7 to 10 days. Reparative
      surgery, except to save limb or life, is undertaken only when the wound has
      healed. The author reminisces about some Canadian military surgeons he has known
      and relates some surgical vignettes from the two wars in which he participated.

PMID- 3882212
TI  - Reversible captopril-associated bone marrow aplasia.

PMID- 3882213
TI  - An epidemic of shigellosis in a day-care centre in Quebec.

PMID- 3882214
TI  - Dr. Robert McClure: missionary-surgeon extraordinaire.

PMID- 3882215
TI  - Becoming a part of medical history.

PMID- 3882216
TI  - Preoperative short-term radiotherapy in rectal carcinoma. A preliminary report of
      a prospective randomized study.
AB  - Between 1980 and 1983, 373 patients with clinically resectable rectal
      adenocarcinoma entered a prospective randomized study aimed to evaluate the
      effect of short-term preoperative radiotherapy. Protocol violations were
      identified in 21 instances. Of the remaining 352 patients, 182 were randomized to
      surgical treatment only (S-group). Immediately, before surgery, 170 patients were
      irradiated to the pelvic region with 25 Gy (2500 rad) during a 5-day period (RT
      group). Of these patients, 59% underwent abdominoperineal excision, 38% anterior
      resection, and 3% laparotomy only. At surgery distant metastases were discovered
      in 32 patients (9%). There were no significant differences between the groups in
      the distribution of age, sex, operative methods, and tumor stage according to the
      original Dukes' classification. During the follow-up time, ranging between 6
      months and 3 years, tumor recurrence occurred in 35 patients, 19 in the S-group
      and 16 in the RT-group. Fifteen patients in the S-group had pelvic recurrence
      compared to 10 patients in the RT-group. Distant metastases occurred in six and
      eight patients, respectively. Two patients in each group had both pelvic and
      distant recurrence. There was no correlation between tumor recurrence and type of
      operation. Median time interval from diagnosis to pelvic recurrence was 10 months
      in the S-group and 16 months in the RT-group. Postoperative complications in the
      form of wound sepsis were slightly more common in the RT-group. In summary, the
      applied treatment regimen, is well-tolerated and apparently does not affect the
      Dukes' stage of the tumor. Although there is no statistically significant
      difference, there is a trend of less pelvic recurrence in patients receiving
      preoperative radiotherapy.

PMID- 3882217
TI  - A randomized, prospective trial of adjuvant chemotherapy in adults with soft
      tissue sarcomas of the head and neck, breast, and trunk.
AB  - Since 1977, 31 patients were entered in a randomized, prospective study testing
      the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy after aggressive local treatment of high
      grade sarcomas of the head, neck, breast, and trunk (excluding retroperitoneal
      sarcomas). All patients had complete resection of gross tumor and underwent
      postoperative radiotherapy (6000-6300 rads over 7-8 weeks). Seventeen patients
      received adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin (less than or equal to
      550 mg/m2), cyclophosphamide (less than or equal to 5500 mg/m2), and methotrexate
      (less than or equal to 1000 mg/kg). Three-year actuarial disease-free survival in
      the chemotherapy arm was 77%, compared to 49% in the no-chemotherapy arm (P =
      0.075). Three-year overall actuarial survivals in the two treatment arms,
      however, were 68% and 58%, respectively (P = 0.38). Considering only patients
      with tumors of the trunk (22 patients), 3-year actuarial disease-free survival in
      the chemotherapy arm was 92%, compared to 47% in the no-chemotherapy arm (P =
      0.006). Actuarial 3-year overall survival in the chemotherapy arm was 82%,
      compared to 61% in the no-chemotherapy arm (P = 0.18). An additional 26 patients
      were treated in an identical fashion, but were not part of the randomized trial
      because of contraindications to chemotherapy, refusal to enter the randomized
      trial, or because they were treated before 1977 in a trial in which all patients
      received chemotherapy. Considering the entire group of 57 patients, follow-up
      ranged from 10 to 86 months (median, 35 months). Local control was achieved in 46
      patients (81%); 3-year actuarial disease-free and overall survivals were 67% and
      77%, respectively. A tendency toward improved disease-free survival was apparent
      among patients treated with chemotherapy (P = 0.018), but there was no
      statistically significant improvement in overall actuarial survival (P = 0.46).
      The subgroup of patients with sarcomas of the trunk (39 patients) demonstrated
      the greatest benefit from chemotherapy, with regard to disease-free survival (P
      less than or equal to 0.001). The most significant toxicity associated with
      chemotherapy was doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, which resulted in clinically
      apparent congestive heart failure in five patients. Thus, the use of chemotherapy
      when combined with aggressive local measures appears to improve disease-free
      survival, but additional patients and longer follow-up are necessary to determine
      if improved overall survival will result.

PMID- 3882218
TI  - Lucy Wortham James lecture. Multidisciplinary clinical investigation of the
      cancers of children. A model for the management of adults with cancer.
AB  - Clinical research on cancers of children during the last two decades has led to
      spectacular improvements in treatment and cure rates. The demands of multi
      institutional clinical trials required development of teams of specialists at
      each participating institution. Multidisciplinary teamwork in diagnosing,
      staging, and treating children with cancer has become the only acceptable mode in
      this country. These concepts now should be applied to the management of adults
      with cancer. The complete staging of cancer now involves many new disciplines.
      Accurate staging, including biologic as well as clinical staging, is becoming
      increasingly important in determining the most appropriate treatment plan.
      Although surgical removal provides the greatest opportunity for cure of patients
      with malignant tumors, the majority of patients having primary surgery cannot be
      cured by surgery alone. Multiple disciplines should be involved in the assessment
      of each patient, in developing and in carrying out the most appropriate plan of
      patient management, in order to achieve the best results.

PMID- 3882219
TI  - Prospectively randomized trial of adjuvant active-specific immunotherapy for
      human colorectal cancer.
AB  - Over the last four years a guinea pig model of active-specific immunotherapy
      (ASI) with a syngeneic tumor cell:bacillus calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine was
      translated into a prospectively randomized, controlled clinical trial in patients
      with colorectal cancer. Primary tumors from patients undergoing standard surgical
      resection were dissociated enzymatically and cryopreserved by techniques that
      maintain cell viability. Patients with transmural extension of tumor or nodal
      metastases were randomized into groups treated by resection alone (control) or
      resection plus ASI. With a mean follow-up of 28 months (range, 14-24), only 3 of
      20 treatment patients had recurrences and none have died, whereas 9 of 20 control
      patients had recurrences and 4 died. These differences are statistically
      significant and are sufficiently encouraging to warrant expansion of these
      studies into other research centers.

PMID- 3882220
TI  - Cell-cycle-dependent expression of human melanoma membrane antigen analyzed by
      flow cytometry.
AB  - Knowledge of tumor antigenic expression is crucial to the design of therapeutic
      strategy. A murine monoclonal antibody (BE4) against a human melanoma membrane
      antigen, was used to study the in vitro expression of this antigen. By membrane
      immunofluorescence, BE4 reacted against 5 of 8 melanoma lines as compared to zero
      of 13 other cell populations. Using flow cytometry, the antigenic M14 CEM
      melanoma cells consisted of 40% to 60% of the total cell population. Dual
      parameter measurements of DNA content and membrane antigen demonstrated that the
      nonantigenic cells were predominantly in G0/G1 phase, whereas the antigenic cells
      were distributed throughout the cell cycle. Within one passage, the sorted and
      recultured nonantigenic population demonstrated a similar proportion of antigenic
      cells as the unsorted original population. It was concluded that the expression
      of human melanoma antigen was cell-cycle-dependent. Understanding factors that
      turn off the expression of antigen in G0/G1 phase may lead to better
      immunotherapeutic strategies.

PMID- 3882221
TI  - Nursing science: retrospect and prospect.

PMID- 3882222
TI  - Mutagenicity of flour from the palmyrah palm (Borassus flabellifer) in Salmonella
      typhimurium and Escherichia coli.
AB  - Flour from the young shoots of the palmyrah palm (Borassus flabellifer) was
      tested in Salmonella typhimurium, strains TA98 and TA100 (Ames test) and
      Escherichia coli, strains WP2, WP2uvrA, CM881 and CM891. The flour was tested in
      two forms: boiled and raw. Both forms showed dose related mutagenic responses in
      the basepair substitution sensitive strains TA100 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA,
      CM881 and CM891. The flour from boiled palmyrah shoots exerted a somewhat
      stronger mutagenic effect on TA100 than flour from the raw shoots. This
      investigation adds mutagenicity to the wide range of biological effects of
      palmyrah flour already described (induction of malignant lymphomas,
      immunosuppression, neurotoxicity and clastogenicity).

PMID- 3882223
TI  - Prevention of leukemia and the increase of plasma levels of lipid-bound sialic
      acid by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in mice.
AB  - AKR/J (hereafter called AK) mice treated by total-body irradiation plus syngeneic
      marrow transplantation developed a leukemia-lymphoma complex and concomitantly
      showed increased levels of lipid-bound sialic acid as was also seen in untreated
      AK mice between 6 weeks and 6 and 11.5 months of age. C57BL/6J (hereafter called
      B6) mice did not show a leukemia-lymphoma complex and did not develop elevated
      levels of lipid-bound sialic acid with aging. B6----AK chimeras, prepared with B6
      bone marrow deprived of Thy-1,2-positive cells prior to allogeneic
      transplantation and kept in laminar flow isolation, did not develop graft-versus
      host reactions, lived long lives (observations carried up to 13 months), failed
      to develop leukemia-lymphoma, and had persistently low levels of lipid-bound
      sialic acid. These findings indicate that introduction of resistance by marrow
      transplantation can inhibit development of retrovirus-induced cancer and also
      prevents an increase in levels of a putative cancer indicator.

PMID- 3882224
TI  - Similar self-renewal properties for different sizes of human primary melanoma
      colonies replated in agar.
AB  - Clonogenic assays currently define colonies as multicellular growth units above
      an arbitrarily designated cutoff size rather than by the biological function of
      different-sized growth units. To define the cutoff size between clusters and
      colonies in terms of the biological function of the cells within the growth
      units, we directly measured the self-renewal and proliferative capacity of cells
      from different-sized melanoma colonies. Primary colonies formed from cells of two
      patients were removed, pooled according to size, and replated, and the frequency
      and size distribution of the secondary colonies were analyzed. Cells from primary
      melanoma colonies that resulted from four to eight population doublings had
      similar extensive proliferative and self-renewal characteristics. The results
      demonstrated that self-renewal was not limited to cells in large colonies and
      suggested that the cutoff may be below 16 cells/growth unit. These data support
      the use of relatively small multicellular growth units to define colonies and
      measure highly proliferative human melanoma tumor cells. In addition, these
      methods may allow the determination of the cutoff size for other tumor types in
      terms of the biological function of cells rather than arbitrarily designating a
      cutoff size.

PMID- 3882225
TI  - Monoclonal antibody-defined human pancreatic cancer-associated antigens.
AB  - Three pancreatic cancer-associated antigens were characterized by use of
      monoclonal antibodies in immunobinding studies with various cellular and soluble
      target antigens, in immunoprecipitation, and in immunoperoxidase staining. C54-0
      represents a tumor-associated Mr 122,000 antigen, which appears to be widely
      distributed on various epithelial tumors and to a lower extent on normal tissue.
      C1-N3 antigen exhibited a more restricted distribution, reacting with pancreatic
      and various gastrointestinal tract tumors as well as with chronically inflamed
      pancreatic tissue. The most specific antigen expression was observed for C1-P83
      antigen, found on all exocrine tumors of the pancreas, but not on normal or
      chronically inflamed pancreatic tissue.

PMID- 3882226
TI  - Nicotine-derived N-nitrosamines and tobacco-related cancer: current status and
      future directions.

PMID- 3882227
TI  - Phase II trial of high-dose recombinant leukocyte alpha-2 interferon for
      metastatic colorectal cancer without previous systemic treatment.
AB  - Ten patients with metastatic colorectal cancer after resection of the primary
      tumor were treated with high-dose recombinant leukocyte alpha-2 interferon. For a
      period of 12 weeks the patients received up to 20 X 10(6) IU/m2 im twice weekly.
      Follow-up varied from 6 to 11 months after stopping treatment. All ten patients
      were evaluable for tumor response and toxicity. There was one partial response.
      Nine patients showed growth of metastatic marker lesions. Only three of these
      patients qualified as having progressive disease (greater than 25% increase in
      tumor mass). The response rate was 10%, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.3%
      44.5%. Toxicity proved considerable and consisted of flu-like symptoms, fatigue,
      anorexia, and weight loss. Fatigue was the single most important dose-limiting
      factor. There were no drug-related deaths. Three patients died 3, 5, and 7 months
      after stopping treatment. Median survival was 18 months.

PMID- 3882228
TI  - Double labeling of human leukemic cells using 3H-cytarabine and monoclonal
      antibody against bromodeoxyuridine.
AB  - A new technique using immunofluorescence and autoradiography is described, in
      which the DNA of cells in S phase are labeled with two different probes. This
      method makes it possible to study the relationship between DNA synthesis and the
      uptake and/or incorporation of chemotherapeutic agents into normal or neoplastic
      cells. An example is provided in which the incorporation of 3H-cytarabine into
      DNA is demonstrated to occur only in cells which were synthesizing DNA during
      exposure to 3H-cytarabine. Other radioactively labeled probes can be used as
      well.

PMID- 3882229
TI  - Phase II trial of diaziquone in patients with colon cancer.
AB  - Seventeen patients with metastatic colon cancer received diaziquone iv daily for
      5 days repeated every 28 days. Based on recommended starting doses for phase II
      trials (6-8 mg/m2 daily X 5), the first six patients received 7 mg/m2/day X 5.
      Two of these patients were heavily pretreated with chemotherapy, two had received
      prior 5-FU alone, and two had received no prior chemotherapy. There were no
      responses and three septic deaths (both of the heavily pretreated patients and
      one 5-FU-only patient who received concurrent radiotherapy). Eleven subsequent
      patients received 5.5 mg/m2/day X 5. Nine had no prior therapy; two had received
      prior 5-FU. No antitumor responses were observed. Myelosuppression was again the
      major toxic effect. No further septic deaths occurred. Diaziquone in this dose
      and schedule had no antitumor activity in this group of patients.

PMID- 3882230
TI  - Treatment of relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a combination of hydroxyurea,
      ifosfamide, and etoposide.

PMID- 3882231
TI  - Failure of 5-day vinblastine infusion in the treatment of patients with renal
      cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3882232
TI  - Phase II study of 5-day infusion of vinblastine in patients with advanced ovarian
      carcinoma.

PMID- 3882233
TI  - Phase II trial of mitoxantrone in advanced sarcomas: a Southwest Oncology Group
      study.

PMID- 3882234
TI  - [Selection of candidates for transplantation of the pancreas].

PMID- 3882235
TI  - Effect of medium osmolality on the growth of murine continuous marrow cultures.
AB  - The effect of medium osmolality was examined in primary, continuous bone-marrow
      cultures established from TO strain mice. The non-adherent cell population
      increased exponentially between weeks 2 and 5 and thereafter declined steadily.
      The number of CFU-GM followed a similar pattern but showed greater variability.
      The optimum osmolality in 4 week old cultures was found to be about 345 mosmol/kg
      which was higher than the plasma osmolality (n = 20; mean = 323.3 mosmol/kg;
      range = 313-331). Maximum non-adherent cell numbers were found at about 345
      mosmol/kg (better than half-maximum between 320 and 370 mosmol/kg). CFU-GM
      numbers in the culture supernatant were maximal at about 355 mosmol/kg (better
      than half-maximum between 320 and 400 mosmol/kg). An adherent layer developed
      over a wider range of osmolality than supported granulopoiesis (better than half
      maximum between 258 and 402 mosmol/kg). It was necessary to increase the
      osmolality of Fischer's medium in order to obtain maximum growth.

PMID- 3882236
TI  - Determination of [3H]TdR-labelling indices of cultured cells grown on detachable
      chamber slides.
AB  - The in vitro effects of xenobiotic agents on the incorporation of DNA precursors
      was determined using a detachable chamber slide assembly. The technique presented
      allows for the comparative assessment of several agents, even when a limited
      number of cells is available. The use of a glass slide also potentiates the use
      of higher magnifications with a greater resultant resolution than that achievable
      with past methods.

PMID- 3882237
TI  - Effect of haemopoietic stem-cell proliferation regulators on early and late
      spleen colony-forming cells.
AB  - An inhibitor and stimulator of CFU-s proliferation can be obtained from
      haemopoietic tissue containing, respectively, relatively quiescent CFU-s (e.g.
      normal bone marrow) and proliferating CFU-s (e.g. regenerating bone marrow).
      Their effects on the proliferative behaviour of steady-state and regenerating
      marrow CFU-s, which produce colonies 7, 10 and 12 days post-transplantation have
      been investigated. The results demonstrate changing sensitivities of CFU-s to
      inhibitor and stimulator as they progress through a developmental age structure,
      'Older' CFU-s (producing early spleen colonies) are more sensitive to stimulator,
      'Younger' CFU-s (producing late spleen colonies) are more sensitive to inhibitor.

PMID- 3882238
TI  - Influenza virus M2 protein is an integral membrane protein expressed on the
      infected-cell surface.
AB  - The influenza A virus M2 protein is expressed abundantly at the cell surface, and
      in addition to the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), is a third virus
      specific membrane protein. M2 has an internal hydrophobic membrane anchorage
      domain and associates with the same cellular membrane fractions as HA and NA.
      Trypsin treatment of infected cells and immunoprecipitation with site-specific
      antisera indicate that a minimum of 18 NH2-terminal amino acids of M2 are exposed
      at the cell surface. Ten NH2-terminal residues are conserved in all strains of
      influenza A virus for which sequences are available. Antibodies can recognize M2
      on the cell surface and therefore it may be an infected-cell surface antigen. We
      discuss properties of M2 that match it to the elusive major target molecule on
      influenza A virus-infected cells for cross-reactive cytotoxic T cells.

PMID- 3882239
TI  - Vesicles and cisternae in the trans Golgi apparatus of human fibroblasts are
      acidic compartments.
AB  - Recently we demonstrated that low-pH compartments can be visualized with the
      electron microscope using a basic congener of dinitrophenol, 3-(2,4
      dinitroanilino)-3'-amino-N-methyldipropylamine (DAMP), which concentrates in
      acidic compartments and can be detected by immunocytochemistry with a monoclonal
      anti-dinitrophenol antibody. We now report that DAMP also accumulates in
      cisternae and vesicles associated with the trans face of the Golgi apparatus.
      DAMP rapidly leaves this compartment when cells are incubated with the ionophore
      monensin, which indicates that accumulation is due to the acidic pH in this
      compartment. Using indirect protein A-gold immunocytochemistry, we localized
      fibronectin, a major secretory protein in fibroblasts, to the trans Golgi
      vesicles that took up DAMP. Therefore, the trans cisternae of the Golgi apparatus
      and forming secretory vesicles have an acidic pH.

PMID- 3882240
TI  - Strain variation of lymphokine production and specific antibody secretion in mice
      infected with Mycobacterium lepraemurium.
AB  - Mice from strains showing either phenotypical expression of Bcg gene (C57BL/6,
      BALB/c, DBA/1, and (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)/F1, CBA, A/J, DBA/2) were infected
      intravenously with 10(7) Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM). The number of acid
      fast bacilli (AFB) within the spleens, the ability of spleen cells to produce in
      vitro interleukin 1 and 2, and the serum levels of specific anti-MLM antibodies
      were assessed 3 months later. The number of AFB recovered from the spleens of
      various strains followed the strain distribution of genetically controlled innate
      resistance established for Mycobacterium bovis infection. A decrease of
      interleukin 2 production by spleen cells could be detected in C57BL/6, DBA/1,
      DBA/2 and (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 mice only. The level of anti-MLM antibodies was
      found to be higher in C57BL/6, BALB/c and A/J mice than in the other strains
      tested. Thus no evidence appeared of a direct influence of the Bcg gene on
      lymphokine production and antibody secretion.

PMID- 3882241
TI  - Production of auto-anti-idiotype antibody during the normal immune response. X.
      Response to TNP-Ficoll in the chicken.
AB  - The spontaneous production of auto-anti-idiotype (Id) was demonstrated after
      injection of chickens with trinitrophenylated Ficoll (TNP-F) by: (a) the presence
      of hapten-augmentable plaque-forming cells (PFC), (b) the ability of serum and of
      hapten eluates from immune spleen cells to cause hapten-reversible inhibition of
      anti-TNP plaque formation, and (c) an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
      Tests for anti-Id using the ELISA and hapten-reversible inhibition of PFC
      correlated very well. As in the mouse, the incidence of hapten-augmentable PFC
      was reduced by thymectomy and increased by the transfer of TNP-F-immune spleen
      cells. Hapten-augmentable PFC were also observed during the immune response of
      chickens to p-azobenzene arsonate-conjugated Brucella abortus.

PMID- 3882242
TI  - Lymphocyte function-associated antigens one (LFA-1) on B and on T lymphocytes
      bind a monoclonal antibody with different affinities.
AB  - The kinetics of the binding of an anti-LFA-1 monoclonal antibody to lymphocytes
      of the B and T lineages was studied. A Kd approximately ten times lower was
      observed when binding the antibody to B splenocytes compared to T splenocytes.
      Using Fab fragments and measuring the dissociation rate constants gave a similar
      difference in binding kinetics of anti-LFA-1 between the different splenocytes.
      This difference of cell-binding affinity was independent of the state of
      stimulation of the cells by lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A. Thymocytes
      reacted with the antibody with the same Kd as T splenocytes. The combined results
      indicate that LFA-1 from B and from T lymphocytes have a different conformation.
      Binding with a higher affinity to B and a lower affinity to T lymphocytes could
      also be demonstrated using liposomes coated with anti-LFA-1 antibody.

PMID- 3882243
TI  - A history of theories of antibody formation.

PMID- 3882244
TI  - Receptors for thymosin alpha 1 on mouse thymocytes.
AB  - Thymosin alpha 1 is able to act in vitro to stimulate T-cell precursors and to
      induce surface markers. The initial mechanism by which alpha 1 activates T cells
      could be the binding of alpha 1 to cell membranes. Using a specific anti-alpha 1
      antibody and an indirect immunofluorescence procedure it was found that thymosin
      alpha 1 binds to the surface of a large portion of murine lymphocytes.
      Furthermore, thymocytes have been fractionated into immature and mature
      subpopulations by using the peanut agglutinin (PNA) technique. It was found that
      PNA+, immature cells showed specific receptors for alpha 1 on the cell membrane.

PMID- 3882245
TI  - Enhancement of the in vivo antibody response by an 8-derivatized guanine
      nucleoside.
AB  - The capacity of the C8-substituted guanine ribonucleosides to enhance the in vivo
      humoral immune response to the protein antigen, human gamma globulin (HGG), in
      A/J mice was evaluated. It has been shown recently that the C8-substituted
      guanine ribonucleosides are a new class of potent adjuvant for humoral immune
      responses to the sheep erythrocyte antigen. The current studies extend these
      findings to HGG with 8-bromoguanosine (8BrGuo), a representative of this group of
      nucleosides. The adjuvant activity of 8BrGuo in this system is highly dose and
      time dependent. Although 8BrGuo enhanced responses when injected either early
      (Day 0) or late (Day 4 or 5) after immunization, its administration on Day 1 or 2
      most often led to no enhancement, suggesting that 8BrGuo may act on two events
      separated by a resistant stage in an ongoing immune response. The plaque-forming
      cell (PFC) response to HGG was enhanced optimally at doses as low as 1 mg
      8BrGuo/mouse administered either on the day of immunization or 4 days thereafter.
      In contrast, however, serum anti-HGG antibody concentration assayed by enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was enhanced only at doses of 10 mg or more,
      injected on the day of immunization, but doses as low as 1 mg were effective on
      Day 4. 8BrGuo was also an effective adjuvant when injected after antigen
      administration in incomplete Freund's adjuvant or when administered by several
      different routes (intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, oral).

PMID- 3882246
TI  - Macrophage-mediated mitogenic suppression induced in mice of the C3H lineage by a
      vaccine strain of Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Salmonella typhimurium, strain SL3235, an avirulent organism, has been used as a
      live vaccine in mice of the C3H lineage and has been found to confer high levels
      of protection. In the present study, it was found that intraperitoneal injection
      of approximately 5 X 10(5) live SL3235 induced potent suppression of spleen cell
      mitogenic responses to a panel of B- and T-cell mitogens in the Salmonella
      hypersusceptible C3H/HeJ and C3HeB/FeJ, and the inherently resistant C3H/HeNCrlBR
      mice. Maximal suppression (greater than 99%) was seen at 1 week, and was still
      significant but waning (50%) at 3 weeks postimmunization. In contrast, cells of
      mice receiving acetone-killed cells were not suppressed. Removal of macrophages,
      but not T or B cells, restored responsiveness, indicating that suppression was
      macrophage mediated. Prostaglandins were not the major mediator of suppression,
      as in vitro administration of indomethacin failed to abrogate suppression. As
      mitogenic suppression occurred in mice with high levels of Salmonella immunity,
      the suppression is interpreted as a marker of a powerful immunomodulatory process
      induced by live cells, rather than as an indication of poor immune status of the
      host.

PMID- 3882247
TI  - Adhesive restorative dentistry: a conservative perspective.

PMID- 3882248
TI  - A resin bonded conventional bridge combination: a case report.

PMID- 3882249
TI  - [A half-century of the periodical Ceskoslovenska Gynekologie].

PMID- 3882250
TI  - [Morphology of the placenta in the ultrasonic image].

PMID- 3882251
TI  - [40 years in the care of women].

PMID- 3882252
TI  - [Preparation of colloidal gold and its macromolecular complexes].
AB  - A critical presentation of basic methods for the preparation of colloid gold and
      of gold particle complexes with macromolecules to be used on the ultrastructural
      level.

PMID- 3882253
TI  - [Use of colloidal gold in ultrastructural cytochemistry].
AB  - Colloid gold stabilized by macromolecules with various binding characteristics
      proved to be usable in transmission electron microscopy: Nucleic acids
      localization was studied in tissue cultures after embedding by techniques
      autoimmune serum-protein A--gold and RNase--gold. Technique with serum
      autoantibodies against double-stranded DNA resulted in marking condensed
      chromatin. Further experiments with ultrastructural localization of other
      autoimmune components seemed to be perspective and of diagnostic importance.
      Technique with RNase--gold complex marked especially ribosomes, nucleolus and
      interchromatin nuclear spaces. Herpes virus, rotavirus and enterovirus were
      identified in negative contrast by the technique antivirus serum--protein A-
      gold. A higher warrant of evidence achieved by the method may be used in
      virologic diagnosis. A small amount of tubulin was found in isolated
      permeabilized nuclei of Xenopus laevis by a direct immunocytochemical method with
      complex monoclonal IgG against tubulin-gold. Binding of complex of
      triiodothyronine-bovine serum albumin--gold on the cytoplasmic membrane of LEP
      cells in a short term tissue culture showed a possibility of tracing non-peptidic
      hormones binding on specific receptors.

PMID- 3882254
TI  - [Significance of endomyocardial biopsy for heart transplantation].
AB  - The development and retreat of acute rejection was studied by repeated right-side
      endomyocardial biopsy in a patient after orthotopic heart transplantation.
      Endomyocardial biopsy was a sensitive detector of acute rejection.

PMID- 3882255
TI  - [Aspects of morphological manifestations of the plasticity of the peripheral
      nervous system. II. Plasticity of the afferent somatosensory system].

PMID- 3882256
TI  - Studies on the mutagenicity and tumor-initiating activity of methylated
      fluorenes.
AB  - Several methylated analogs of fluorene were evaluated as mutagens in Salmonella
      typhimurium TA98 and TA100 in the presence and absence of microsomal activation.
      Among the methylated derivatives of fluorene assayed were 9-methylfluorene, 2
      fluoro- and 2,7-difluoro-9-methylfluorene, 1,9-, 2,9-, 3,9- and 4,9
      dimethylfluorene, 2,3,9-trimethylfluorene and 2,7,9-trimethylfluorene. Mutagenic
      activity was observed for several of these fluorene derivatives in the presence
      of rat liver homogenate. The data support a previous observation that a single
      methyl substituent in the 9-position of fluorene is associated with mutagenic
      activity within this series of compounds. Substitution with fluorine at both the
      2- and 7-positions of 9-methylfluorene was not associated with a loss of
      mutagenic activity as evidenced by the similar mutagenic activity of 2,7-difluoro
      9-methylfluorene and 9-methylfluorene. However, 2,7,9-trimethylfluorene was not
      mutagenic under these assay conditions. 9-Methylfluorene, 1,9-, 2,9-, 3,9- and
      4,9-dimethylfluorene and 2,3,9-trimethylfluorene were active as mutagens in the
      presence of rat liver homogenate, but were inactive as tumor initiators when
      assayed on mouse skin.

PMID- 3882258
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of O6-ethyldeoxyguanosine and deoxyguanosin-8-yl
      (acetyl)aminofluorene in liver sections of rats treated with diethylnitrosamine,
      ethylnitrosourea or N-acetylaminofluorene.
AB  - Antibodies raised in rabbits against the bovine serum albumin conjugates of O6
      ethylguanosine (O6-EtGuo) and N-(guanosin-8-yl)-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (Guo-8
      AAF) have been used in a double peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining assay to
      visualize the localization of DNA-O6-ethyldeoxyguanosine (O6-EtdGuo) and some of
      the interaction products of N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (AAF) with DNA guanine in
      liver sections of rats treated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN), ethylnitrosourea
      (ENU), or AAF respectively. O6-EtdGuo could be detected in nuclei of parenchymal
      cells after injection of DEN (12-50 mg/kg) or ENU (140 mg/kg). Clear time and
      dose dependencies were observed. The lowest dose of DEN which, at 5 h after
      injection, resulted in immunohistochemically detectable levels of O6-EtdGuo, was
      12 mg/kg; 5 h after 6 mg/kg no consistent difference between treated and
      untreated rats could be observed. A striking heterogeneity in staining pattern
      was observed after DEN: centrilobular regions were stained much more than
      peripheral zones. At 7 days after a single DEN injection of 50 mg/kg small rims
      of significantly stained hepatocytes could still be observed around the central
      veins. No heterogeneity of staining pattern was observed 2 h after ENU. ENU, in
      contrast with DEN, also resulted in a significant staining of nonparenchymal
      cells. At 24 h after ENU no significant staining of hepatocytes could be
      detected, but positive staining was still present in bile duct cells, vascular
      endothelial cells and sinusoidal cells. The results indicate a detection level of
      approximately 5 mumol O6-EtdGuo/mol DNA-P, i.e., 5 X 10(4) O6-EtdGuo residues per
      diploid genome. Using the anti-Guo-8-AAF antiserum, positive results were
      obtained 6 days after a single AAF dose of 0.5-10 mg/kg, corresponding to a
      detection limit of less than or equal to 0.4 mumol dGuo-8-(A)AF/mol DNA-P.
      Staining was rather homogenously distributed over the liver lobules. Persistency
      of the AAF-DNA interaction products was investigated both after 10 and 2 mg/kg
      AAF. Increased nuclear staining could be observed up to 8 weeks after 10 mg/kg
      and 4 weeks after 2 mg/kg.

PMID- 3882259
TI  - Dipyridamole decreases glomerular filtration in the sodium-depleted dog. Evidence
      for mediation by intrarenal adenosine.
AB  - To determine the renal effects of inhibiting the uptake and subsequent metabolism
      of endogenous adenosine, dipyridamole, a nucleoside transport inhibitor, was
      infused intrarenally into anesthetized dogs. Dipyridamole (24 micrograms/kg per
      min) inhibited the cellular extraction of [14C]adenosine (72 +/- 3% vs. 9 +/- 3%)
      and elevated the excretion of endogenous adenosine (0.60 +/- 0.08 to 1.70 +/-
      0.21 nmol/min, P less than 0.05). The action of exogenous adenosine to decrease
      glomerular filtration rate is known to be enhanced by sodium depletion, and is
      minimal or absent in sodium-loaded animals. To ascertain whether dietary sodium
      intake alters the renal effects of elevated endogenous adenosine, dipyridamole
      was infused into sodium-depleted and sodium-loaded dogs. In the sodium-depleted
      dogs (n = 9), dipyridamole infusion decreased the glomerular filtration rate by
      59 +/- 7% (20 +/- 1 to 8 +/- 2 ml/min, P less than 0.05) which returned to
      control levels within 30 minutes after stopping infusion of dipyridamole. Renal
      vascular resistance was unchanged during dipyridamole infusion. In the sodium
      loaded dogs (n = 5), dipyridamole had no effect on glomerular filtration rate (22
      +/- 4 vs. 25 +/- 3 ml/min) or renal vascular resistance. In a separate series of
      sodium-depleted dogs (n = 8), the dipyridamole-induced decrease in glomerular
      filtration rate was completely reversed or inhibited by theophylline, an
      adenosine receptor antagonist. These experiments demonstrate that inhibition of
      cellular uptake of adenosine elevates adenosine levels, that dipyridamole
      decreases glomerular filtration rate in sodium-depleted but not sodium-loaded
      dogs, and that the decrease in glomerular filtration rate is inhibited by
      theophylline. We conclude that the decrease in glomerular filtration rate during
      dipyridamole administration is mediated by increased endogenous adenosine.

PMID- 3882260
TI  - Ultrastructural morphometric analysis of myocardium from dogs, rats, hamsters,
      mice, and from human hearts.
AB  - Volume densities of mitochondria, myofibrils, and unspecified cytoplasm were
      measured by ultrastructural morphometry in myocardium from dogs, rats, hamsters,
      mice, and in biopsied tissue from human hearts. Human myocardium was composed of
      23% mitochondria, 59% myofibrils, and 18% cytoplasm. Volume densities for
      mitochondria were 22% for dogs, 28% for rats and hamsters, and 32% for mice.
      Myofibrillar volume densities were highest in dogs with 63%, 57% for rats and
      hamsters, and 49% for mice. Differences were significant between all except man
      and dog, and rat and hamster. In an extensive analysis of canine myocardium, it
      could be shown that the quantitative composition of tissue from the left
      ventricular free wall (anterior, lateral, posterior) and the papillary muscles
      was identical. There were also no differences between subepi- and subendocardium
      as well as the midmyocardium. Volume densities from longitudinal sections were
      identical to those from transversal sections. Fixation with glutaraldehyde by
      perfusion or immersion provided identical results. There were no differences
      between volume densities in samples from the left ventricular free wall
      (anterior, lateral, and posterior) in rats, hamsters, and mice. It is concluded
      that each mammalian species is characterized by a very typical quantitative
      composition of the myocardium. The increase in mitochondrial volume correlated
      well with the increase in heart rate and oxygen consumption in smaller animals.
      These quantitative data are regarded as the morphological correlate of the
      differing functional capacity of hearts from different species.

PMID- 3882257
TI  - Stability of solutions of antineoplastic agents during preparation and storage
      for in vitro assays. General considerations, the nitrosoureas and alkylating
      agents.
AB  - In vitro drug sensitivity of tumour biopsies is currently being determined using
      a variety of methods. For these chemosensitivity assays many drugs are required
      at short notice, and this in turn means that the drugs must generally be stored
      in solution. There are, however, a number of potential problems associated with
      dissolving and storing drugs for in vitro use, which include (a) drug adsorption;
      (b) effects of freezing; (c) drug stability under the normal conditions of
      dilution and setting up of an in vitro assay; and (d) insolubility of drugs in
      normal saline (NS) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). These problems are
      considered in general, and some recommendations for use of solutions of drugs in
      in vitro assays are suggested. The nitrosoureas and alkylating agents are also
      investigated in greater detail in this respect. The nitrosoureas are found to be
      very labile in PBS at pH 7, with 5% degradation (t0.95) occurring in 10-50 min at
      room temperature. These values are increased about 10-fold on refrigeration and
      about 5- to 10-fold on reduction of the pH of the medium to pH 4-5. At pH 7 and
      room temperature, t0.95 is observed in under 1 h with the alkylating agents
      nitrogen mustard, chlorambucil, melphalan, 2,5-diaziridinyl-3,6-bis(2
      hydroxyethylamino)-1,4-benzoquinone (BZQ), dibromodulcitol, dibromomannitol,
      treosulphan, and procarbazine. Of the other alkylating agents, 4
      hydroperoxycylophosphamide (sometimes used in vitro in place of
      cyclophosphamide), busulphan, dianhydrogalactitol, aziridinylbenzoquinone (AZQ),
      and dacarbazine have a t0.95 of between 2 and 24 h, while ifosfamide and
      pentamethylmelamine are both stable in aqueous solution for greater than 7 days.
      About half the drugs studied in detail have been stored frozen in solution for in
      vitro use, although very little is known about their stability under these
      conditions.

PMID- 3882261
TI  - Variables controlling the secretion of a somatomedin-like peptide by cultured
      porcine smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Somatomedin-C, a peptide growth factor that is also termed insulin-like growth
      factor I, stimulates smooth muscle cell replication; however, these cells
      proliferate in somatomedin-C-deficient medium. We postulated, therefore, that
      these cells might release a somatomedin-like molecule into the surrounding
      culture medium. Porcine aortic smooth muscle cells that were exposed to serum
      free Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium for 24 hours were found to
      release a somatomedin-like molecule that could be detected by a specific
      radioimmunoassay for somatomedin-C. Several variables in the design of tissue
      culture conditions were found to regulate the secretion of the somatomedin-like
      peptide. There was an inverse relationship between somatomedin-like peptide
      secretion and culture density. Cultures grown to a density of 110,000 cells/well
      secreted 0.18 +/- 0.02 U/ml per 10(5) cells, whereas cultures grown to 38,000
      cells/well secreted 0.59 +/- 0.06 U/ml per 10(5) cells (P less than 0.001). Serum
      deprivation and days of preincubation before initiation of an experiment were
      found to influence somatomedin-like peptide secretion significantly. Platelet
      derived growth factor, which stimulates smooth muscle cell replication, was a
      potent stimulant of somatomedin-like peptide secretion. Exposure to a
      concentration of 500 ng/ml platelet-derived growth factor induced a 2.8-fold
      increase in somatomedin-like peptide secretion over basal levels, (i.e., 0.37 +/-
      0.05 to 0.98 +/- 0.7 U/ml, P less than 0.001). The effect of platelet-derived
      growth factor was enhanced (41% increase) by concomitant incubation with 1%
      somatomedin-C-deficient platelet poor plasma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3882262
TI  - Hydrocolloid impression material.

PMID- 3882263
TI  - Randomized trials in coronary bypass surgery.

PMID- 3882264
TI  - Endogenous biosynthesis of prostacyclin during cardiac catheterization and
      angiography in man.
AB  - The potent platelet inhibitory and vasodilator properties of prostacyclin suggest
      that levels of this substance may be of relevance to drug action and pathologic
      processes in the coronary vascular bed. Attempts to estimate the coronary
      secretion rate of prostacyclin have relied on measurements of metabolites
      obtained via cardiac catheter, usually as an adjunct to coronary angiography. To
      test the hypothesis that such procedures might themselves perturb endogenous
      biosynthesis of prostacyclin we used mass spectrometry to measure plasma levels
      of 6-keto-prostaglandin (PG) F1 alpha across the coronary vascular bed, as well
      as to assess the excretion of a major urinary metabolite, 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1
      alpha (PGI-M), in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. PGI-M excretion
      increased variably from a median 100 to 205 pg/mg creatinine (p less than .01)
      during catheterization with angiography and remained elevated 2 to 4 hr after
      initiation of the procedure. However, cardiac catheterization without angiography
      also stimulated metabolite excretion, perhaps reflecting catheter-induced
      vascular trauma. The direct effect of radiocontrast media on vascular release of
      prostacyclin was indicated by increased PGI-M excretion in healthy volunteers
      administered intravenous radiocontrast and by studies of the canine coronary
      artery and jugular vein in vitro. Measurement of plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha after
      left heart catheterization showed that levels in aortic (21 +/- 8 pg/ml) and
      coronary sinus (14 +/- 2 pg/ml) blood were increased compared with peripheral
      venous levels (less than or equal to 4 + 1 pg/ml) determined before this
      procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3882265
TI  - Arteriographic predictors of spontaneous improvement in left ventricular function
      after myocardial infarction.
AB  - To better characterize the changes in left ventricular ejection fraction after
      myocardial infarction, we compared radionuclide ventriculograms obtained acutely
      and 2 weeks after acute myocardial infarction in 40 patients. These patients
      underwent angiography within a mean of 4 hr and 20 min after the onset of
      symptoms of infarction and either received no therapy (32 patients who were
      control subjects in a thrombolysis trial) or did not experience reperfusion
      (eight patients) despite receiving streptokinase infusions. In all 40 patients,
      the change in left ventricular ejection fraction over 2 weeks was small (+2.6%).
      Patients were then grouped according to the presence or absence of residual flow
      on their angiograms. Residual flow was considered to be present in 21 patients,
      in 12 by virtue of subtotal occlusion of the artery supplying the area of infarct
      and in nine because of well-developed coronary collaterals to the distal infarct
      artery. Mean change in ejection fraction for patients with residual flow was +6.9
      +/- 2.3% vs -2.2 +/- 1.7% for patients without residual flow (p less than .01).
      Fourteen of 21 (67%) patients with residual flow had a spontaneous rise in
      ejection fraction of greater than 5%, as compared with two of 19 (11%) patients
      without residual flow (p less than .01). Time to peak level of creatine kinase
      (CK) was significantly shorter in the residual flow group (15 vs 23 hr, p less
      than .01), while the peak level of CK was lower (1550 vs 2220 IU) in these
      patients. This latter difference did not reach statistical significance (p =
      .10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3882266
TI  - Long-term hemodynamic follow-up of cardiac transplant patients treated with
      cyclosporine and prednisone.
AB  - To evaluate the long-term hemodynamic results in cardiac transplant patients
      treated with cyclosporine and prednisone, 19 patients were studied by cardiac
      catheterization and endomyocardial biopsy 13 +/- 3 months after transplantation.
      Immunosuppression consisted of 6 +/- 4 mg/kg/day cyclosporine and 20 +/- 8 mg/day
      prednisone. Eighteen patients were asymptomatic but had developed postoperative
      systemic hypertension (17 on antihypertensive therapy). These patients were
      compared with a normotensive control group of 18 patients without cardiovascular
      disease. Significant differences were found in heart rate; right atrial,
      pulmonary arterial, pulmonary arterial wedge, systemic arterial, and left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressures; cardiac index and stroke volume index;
      systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance; and end-diastolic volume index and
      left ventricular ejection fraction. The most frequent hemodynamic abnormalities
      included an elevated arterial pressure in 10 patients (56%), an elevated left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure in six patients (33%), and a reduced ejection
      fraction in five patients (28%). Hemodynamic abnormalities tended to resolve or
      improve in the five patients restudied 2 years after transplantation. There was
      no significant relationship between fibrosis or inflammation on endomyocardial
      biopsy and hemodynamic abnormalities. We conclude that mild-to-moderate
      hemodynamic abnormalities are common in asymptomatic cardiac transplant patients
      receiving cyclosporine and prednisone.

PMID- 3882267
TI  - Digital subtraction fluoroscopy: a new method of detecting coronary
      calcifications with improved sensitivity for the prediction of coronary disease.
AB  - The association between calcification of the coronary arteries and coronary
      artery narrowing is well established. However, fluoroscopic visualization of
      coronary calcifications has been insufficiently sensitive to be useful as a
      screening test. Since digitization of radiographic images permits the subtraction
      of noncardiac structures from moving cardiac structures, such subtraction might
      increase the sensitivity of coronary fluoroscopy. To determine whether coronary
      calcifications were better visualized with digital subtraction fluoroscopy than
      with conventional fluoroscopy, we taped diseased human coronary arteries to a
      pulsating water balloon inside the thorax of a dog cadaver and studied this model
      with both fluoroscopic techniques. Calcific atherosclerotic plaques were more
      easily identified with digital subtraction fluoroscopy than with conventional
      fluoroscopy. We tested the method clinically by submitting 191 subjects without
      history or electrocardiographic evidence of previous myocardial infarction who
      were referred for coronary arteriography to both fluoroscopic studies. For at
      least one, at least two, and three calcified coronary arteries, digital
      fluoroscopy was more sensitive (92%, 66%, and 40%) than conventional fluoroscopy
      (63%, 21%, and 2%) (all p less than .001) for the prediction of significant
      coronary obstructions (greater than 50%). Although digital fluoroscopy was less
      specific than conventional fluoroscopy (digital: 65%, 89%, and 97%; conventional:
      81%, 98%, and 100%) (all but last, p less than .01), receiver operating curve
      analysis revealed a significantly larger area under the curve, indicating higher
      accuracy for the digital technique (p = .03). Digital subtraction fluoroscopy was
      more accurate in younger than in older patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3882268
TI  - Assessment of fibrosis in infarcted human hearts by analysis of ultrasonic
      backscatter.
AB  - In animal hearts, the magnitude of integrated ultrasonic backscatter is increased
      in fibrotic myocardium. Our purpose in this study was to quantitate the
      relationship between ultrasonic backscatter and collagen deposition in 10 excised
      human hearts with old infarcts. A 2.25 MHz, 50% fractional bandwidth transducer
      was positioned at the transducer focal distance from the epicardium of each
      specimen. The radio frequency backscatter signal was digitized, squared, and
      integrated to yield the integrated ultrasonic backscatter, which was referenced
      to the backscatter from a water/steel interface. The interrogated myocardium was
      then excised and divided into two portions. One portion was assayed for
      hydroxyproline, a marker for collagen. A second portion was sectioned, stained
      with Masson's trichrome, and studied with the use of a computer-assisted image
      analysis system. There was a linear correlation between the magnitude of
      integrated backscatter and myocardial collagen content estimated by
      hydroxyproline assay (r = .78). Quantitative histologic analysis revealed a
      variable relationship between the transmural distribution of collagen and the
      corresponding transmural pattern of the backscatter signal. In two specimens
      exhibiting a discrete layer of subendocardial fibrosis, the backscatter amplitude
      was also increased in the subendocardial region. In specimens with other patterns
      of fibrosis, the local backscatter amplitude did not correspond to the transmural
      pattern of collagen distribution. We conclude that the quantitative analysis of
      ultrasonic backscatter shows promise for the noninvasive evaluation of myocardial
      fibrosis after infarction.

PMID- 3882269
TI  - Tiapamil, a new calcium antagonist: hemodynamic effects in patients with acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - The afterload reduction and myocardial oxygen sparing that results after
      administration of calcium antagonists suggests a possible role for these drugs in
      intervention after onset of acute myocardial infarction, but their use in this
      setting is limited by the possibility that left ventricular failure will develop.
      Tiapamil is a new verapamil congener. The hemodynamic effects of this drug (1
      mg/kg followed by 25 micrograms/kg/min over 36 hr) were studied in 30 patients
      randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to a tiapamil or control group within
      12 hr of the onset of acute myocardial infarction as diagnosed by Swan-Ganz
      catheterization and gated blood pool scans. Tiapamil reduced heart rate from 83
      +/- 20 beats/min (mean +/- SD) before to 74 +/- 19 beats/min after drug (over an
      average 36 hr), arterial pressure from 128 +/- 22/87 +/- 14 to 118 +/- 16/74 +/-
      11 mm Hg, rate-pressure product from 10,695 +/- 3492 to 8800 +/- 2550 units, and
      systemic vascular resistance from 1732 +/- 351 to 1400 +/- 350 dynes X sec X cm
      5. Tiapamil also increased stroke volume index from 34.7 +/- 12.1 to 41.6 +/-
      12.0 ml/m2, left ventricular ejection fraction from 50.1 +/- 14.8% to 56.4 +/-
      17.4% (at 24 hr), left ventricular end-diastolic volume index from 71.3 +/- 23.1
      to 80.5 +/- 23.7 ml/m2, and peak diastolic filling rate (an index of diastolic
      relaxation) from 2.1 +/- 0.9 to 2.6 +/- 0.8 end-diastolic volumes/sec (p less
      than .05 for all changes). Cardiac index, wedge pressure, left ventricular end
      systolic volume, and PR interval remained unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3882270
TI  - Effects of nifedipine on systemic and regional oxygen transport and metabolism at
      rest and during exercise.
AB  - In a placebo-controlled, randomized, cross-over, double-blind study of 12
      patients with stable exertional angina, we measured at rest and during bicycle
      exercise the effects of 20 mg of nifedipine administered sublingually on
      hemodynamics and systemic and regional oxygen extraction and metabolism.
      Nifedipine decreased systemic vascular resistance by 38% at rest (p less than
      .001) and by 28% during exercise (p less than .001). Cardiac output increased
      from 4.6 +/- 0.6 to 6.0 +/- 0.9 liters/min (p less than .001) at rest after
      nifedipine and from 10.6 +/- 3.7 to 11.8 +/- 3.4 liters/min (p less than .005)
      during exercise. After nifedipine, the arterial-mixed venous O2 content
      difference decreased from 4.7 +/- 0.6 to 3.5 +/- 0.5 ml/100 ml (p less than .001)
      at rest and from 10.5 +/- 1.7 to 8.8 +/- 1.6 ml/100 ml (p less than .001) during
      exercise. After nifedipine the arterial-iliac venous O2 content difference also
      decreased at rest, from 5.9 +/- 1.5 to 4.8 +/- 1.7 ml/100 ml (p = .06) but
      increased during exercise from 13.1 +/- 1.5 to 14.0 +/- 1.8 ml/100 ml (p less
      than .05). Oxygen consumption was not significantly altered at rest or during
      exercise. Nifedipine decreased mixed venous carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) during
      exercise from 53 +/- 3.5 to 50 +/- 4.0 mm Hg (p less than .05) but increased
      iliac venous PCO2 slightly from 61 +/- 4.6 to 63 +/- 5.2 mm Hg (p less than .01).
      Exercise pH was not significantly altered, but arterial lactate increased more
      after nifedipine (2.65 +/- 1.95 mmol/liter placebo, 3.54 +/- 2.74 mmol/liter
      nifedipine; p less than .05). Thus nifedipine produces similar changes in O2
      extraction in mixed venous and iliac venous blood at rest but directionally
      opposite changes during exercise. The data support the hypothesis that nifedipine
      does not alter the distribution of cardiac output to the legs at rest, but during
      dynamic leg exercise reduces the redistribution of cardiac output to the legs.
      This probably results from the shunting of blood flow away from exercising
      muscles by the generalized vasodilatation of nifedipine.

PMID- 3882272
TI  - Fluoroimmunoassays and immunofluorometric assays.
AB  - Fluorescent probes and fluorometric methods have gained increasing interest in
      the field of clinical immunology, not only as one additional alternative to
      radioimmunoassays, but also in producing cheap, stable, and safe reagents and
      rapid and sensitive assays. One of the main goals has been the development of
      homogeneous assays: assays based on fluorescence polarization, fluorescence
      quenching, excitation transfer, or enzymically releasable probes are widely
      applied, especially in drug monitoring. The development of suitable solid-phase
      separation techniques has facilitated utilization of fluorescence in
      heterogeneous assays, which in general have wider applications, from proteins and
      viruses to small haptens. Lately new alternative fluorescent probes and methods
      have been introduced. For example, the use of fluorescent phycobiliproteins or
      porphyrin derivatives with long-wavelength emission and large Stokes shift or, in
      particular, the rare earth chelates with unique fluorescent properties well
      suited to time-resolved measurement have opened new possibilities towards more
      sensitive immunoassays.

PMID- 3882271
TI  - Ultraviolet radiation protection.

PMID- 3882273
TI  - Effect of hematocrit on cyclosporine (cyclosporin A) in whole blood and plasma of
      renal-transplant patients.
AB  - Cyclosporine concentrations in whole blood and plasma were determined in 25
      samples from renal-transplant patients. The portion of cyclosporine carried in
      plasma varied widely, from 9 to 58%. Radioimmunoassay and liquid chromatography
      both revealed a statistically significant inverse correlation between hematocrit
      and the plasma fraction of cyclosporine in the circulating blood. Regression
      analysis indicates that a 10% increase in hematocrit would decrease the portion
      of cyclosporine in plasma by 12 to 14%. Studies with cyclosporine-supplemented
      samples further demonstrated an effect of hematocrit on the drug concentration in
      plasma without a corresponding effect on the concentration in whole blood. The
      distribution of cyclosporine between plasma and erythrocytes was unaffected by
      plasma cholesterol and triglycerides for these transplant patients.

PMID- 3882274
TI  - Chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay for thyroxin with use of glucose oxidase and
      a bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate-fluorescent dye system.
AB  - In this chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay for thyroxin, glucose oxidase (EC
      1.1.3.4) is the enzyme label and the bound and free fractions are separated by
      the double-antibody solid-phase technique. In the assay of enzyme activity,
      hydrogen peroxide generated from glucose substrate is measured by its
      chemiluminescence reaction with bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate and 8-anilino-1
      naphthalene-sulfonic acid. The measurable range of thyroxin is 2.5 to 200
      micrograms/L. The coefficients of variation for thyroxin concentrations of 43.2
      and 12.8 micrograms/L were 7.0% and 8.6% (intra-assay), and 6.4% and 12.3%
      (interassay), respectively. The proposed method is applicable to large-scale
      preliminary screening of neonates for congenital hypothyroidism, with samples
      consisting of dried blood spotted on filter paper.

PMID- 3882275
TI  - Procedure for characterization of creatine kinase variants on agarose
      electrophoretograms.
AB  - Electrophoretograms of atypical creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2, CK) isoenzymes may
      be difficult to interpret. In addition, their presence may cause discrepancies
      between results by immunological determinations for mass or activity and those by
      electrophoresis. Here we outline procedures to use in characterizing apparently
      atypical CK isoenzymes observed after electrophoresis, as illustrated by a CK
      isoenzyme variant that migrated as CK-MB.

PMID- 3882276
TI  - Results of dipstick tests, visual inspection, microscopic examination of urine
      sediment, and microbiological cultures of urine compared for simplifying
      urinalysis.
AB  - Using microscopic sediment examination, reagent dipsticks, visual appearance, and
      microbiological culture, we studied 196 urine specimens collected under sterile
      conditions. We conclude that the sensitivities and specificities noted in the
      comparison of dipstick urinalysis with urine microscopy justify eliminating many
      microscopic examinations if a procedural flowchart is used. All 33 (16.8%) of the
      uncontaminated urine specimens showing substantial potential pathogen content on
      culture had either a turbid appearance or positive results for one or more
      dipstick tests. A positive dipstick test result for nitrite most consistently
      indicated that the urine should be cultured.

PMID- 3882277
TI  - Immunoenzymetric assay for creatine kinase MB with subunit-specific monoclonal
      antibodies compared with an immunochemical method and electrophoresis.
AB  - Results of an immunoenzymetric assay (TANDEM-E CKMB) for creatine kinase (CK; EC
      2.7.3.2) MB isoenzyme, in which subunit-specific monoclonal antibodies are used,
      were compared with those by an immunochemical method (Isomune-CK) and
      electrophoresis (Corning agarose gel). The study involved 200 patients; greater
      than 500 samples were analyzed by all three methods. The analytical performances
      were acceptable. Between-method correlation coefficients ranged from 0.881 to
      0.975. Two reference intervals were established for the immunoassays: 0-4
      micrograms/L (TANDEM) and 0-4 U/L (Isomune) for "normal" patients; 0-9
      micrograms/L (TANDEM) and 0-14 U/L (Isomune) for noninfarct patients. Agreement
      with respect to increased CK-MB as defined by the reference intervals for the
      noninfarct patient was 96% between TANDEM and electrophoresis, 90% between
      Isomune and electrophoresis. All three methods are acceptable for use in
      determining CK-MB, but the overall diagnostic efficiencies for the mass or
      activity concentration of the isoenzyme and for its proportion of total CK
      activity, based on the predictive value model, are 92% (electrophoresis, 0-7
      U/L), 90% (electrophoresis, 0-4%), 92% (TANDEM, 0-9 micrograms/L), 88% (TANDEM, 0
      3% index), 88% (Isomune, 0-14 U/L), and 83% (Isomune, 0-4%). All three methods
      can detect CK-MB in serum, but its presence is not necessarily diagnostic of
      acute infarct. We recommend using the actual concentration of CK-MB to evaluate
      patients with suspected acute myocardial infarct, and the percentage of CK-MB
      when total CK is very high.

PMID- 3882278
TI  - Comparison of enzyme immunoassay and immunoprecipitation for creatine kinase MB
      in diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - We compared the clinical performance of measuring creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2)
      isoenzyme MB by use of an enzyme immunoassay (Enzygnost CK-MB, Behring
      Diagnostics) with an immunoprecipitation method (Isomune-CK, Roche Diagnostics)
      for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Sera from 80 patients admitted
      to the coronary care unit because of chest pain were examined: 40 who had this
      diagnosis of myocardial infarction, and 40 in whom it was ruled out. In addition,
      sera from 40 apparently healthy individuals were examined. The clinical
      sensitivity and specificity of these methods were evaluated by use of receiver
      operating characteristic curves. We conclude that for clinical efficiency, this
      enzyme immunoassay is slightly superior to the immunoprecipitation assay we used,
      because of its greater analytical sensitivity and precision for measuring the
      mass of the isoenzyme.

PMID- 3882279
TI  - "Tandem ICON hCG" urine pregnancy test evaluated.

PMID- 3882280
TI  - Assay for EMIT theophylline optimized by use of reduced volume of reagents in the
      Syva AutoLab 5000 or 6000.

PMID- 3882281
TI  - Prolongation of life in female NZB/NZW (F1) hybrid mice by cyclosporin A.
AB  - Oral administration of cyclosporin A (Cy A), an immunosuppressive agent,
      prolonged the life span of female NZB/NZW (F1) hybrid mice (NZB/W). The most
      prominent feature of this study was the reduction of glomerular proliferation,
      proteinurea, and delay of renal failure. Protection from renal damage, in treated
      mice, occurred despite similar degrees of perivascular cellular infiltration in
      the kidney and other organs, and glomerular deposition of immunoglobulin and
      complement. Treatment did not influence the hypergammaglobulinaemia, high levels
      of circulating immune complexes and later development of autoimmune haemolytic
      anaemia typically associated with this murine disease. The levels of antibodies
      to double stranded DNA (dsDNA), an important disease marker, and the response to
      sheep red blood cells were reduced in the Cy A treated mice, in contrast with the
      untreated mice. Levels of rheumatoid factors were increased in Cy A treated mice,
      when compared with untreated mice, and this could play a role in prolongation of
      life associated with protection from glomerular damage, although it was
      considered that inhibitory effects on T cell function were a more likely
      mechanism.

PMID- 3882283
TI  - Resistance of high and low antibody responder lines of mice to the growth of
      avirulent (BCG) and virulent (H37Rv) strains of mycobacteria.
AB  - The resistance to Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) of lines of mice selected for high
      (H) or low (L) antibody responsiveness was estimated from the rate of BCG
      multiplication in the organs. During the first 2 weeks after i.v. infection with
      5 X 10(6) CFU, BCG multiplied faster in the spleens of H than of L mice.
      Afterwards there was a more drastic reduction of viable BCG counts in H mice than
      in L mice so that the residual BCG counts were significantly lower in H mice than
      in L mice, not only in the spleen but also in the liver and lungs. On the 14th
      day of infection, the spleen and liver enlargement and the increase of phagocytic
      activity were similar in the two lines, suggesting an identical T lymphokine
      release. In contrast with BCG, during the first 2 weeks after infection with 7 X
      10(5) CFU, M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) multiplied in the spleens of L mice at a
      similar or a slightly faster rate than in the spleens of H mice. On the 4th week,
      the viable H37Rv counts were reduced in H mice whereas L mice did not survive the
      infection. In mice vaccinated with BCG 5 months before virulent challenge, the
      multiplication of H37Rv was inhibited in the H and L lines. The protective effect
      of BCG is therefore stronger in L mice taking into account their higher innate
      susceptibility to H37Rv. This might be due to the higher level of living BCG
      found in L mice at the time of challenge.

PMID- 3882282
TI  - Occurrence of cytotoxic autoantibody in rabbits by immunization with heterologous
      liver arginase: a possible implication in the mechanism of the autoimmune liver
      diseases.
AB  - Rat liver arginase was isolated from extracts of liver in a pure form.
      Monospecific antisera raised against the arginase reacted with arginase of liver
      but not with arginase of kidney, spleen, heart, lung, testis and brain. The
      antisera were, however, reactive with liver arginase of a variety of animals,
      including human, mouse, sheep, horse and cow as well as rabbit, a homologous
      animal used for immunization. The rabbit autoantibodies showed direct cytotoxic
      activity as well as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity to homologous
      rabbit hepatocytes. Immunocytochemical electron microscopic examination showed
      that the arginase was localized on the surfaces of rat hepatocytes and on
      intracellular organelles. These results suggest that liver arginase could be an
      important antigen of the liver with implications for the pathogenesis of
      autoimmune liver diseases.

PMID- 3882284
TI  - Growth of transplantable melanoma and leukaemia and prevention of virus-induced
      leukaemia in long lived radiation chimeras constructed with unmanipulated bone
      marrow.
AB  - Haemopoietic radiation chimeras across the H-2 barrier (BALB/c----C57Bl/6; H-2d--
      -H-2b chimeras and vice versa) have been studied for their capacity to suppress
      the growth, or to reject, transplantable B16 melanotic melanoma and radiation
      leukaemia virus-induced, transplantable leukaemia. Also, radiation leukaemia
      virus (RadLV) obtained from the thymus of leukaemic C57Bl/6 mice was injected
      i.p. into established chimeras (H-2d----H-2b). As expected, long lived, graft
      versus host disease free allogeneic chimeras constructed with intact bone marrow
      were unable to reject the tumours both when recipients were BALB/c----C57Bl/6 or
      C57Bl/6----BALB/c chimeras. However, also inoculation of a large number of
      immunocompetent cells from normal BALB/c mice into BALB/c----C57Bl/6 chimeras,
      failed to promote a rejection of the tumours. On the contrary, the same amount of
      syngeneic (BALB/c) immunocompetent cells prevented growth of melanoma when
      transferred into athymic nude BALB/c mice, while the tumour grew unimpaired in
      untreated athymic nude BALB/c mice. The same type of H-2d----H-2b chimeras
      displayed complete resistance to inculation of leukaemogenic H-2b restricted
      RadLV while all H-2b----H-2b, syngeneically reconstituted mice developed
      disseminated leukaemia. These findings demonstrate that: (a) a powerful
      suppressive principle operates in the chimeras which does not allow effector
      function and anti-tumour activity of passively transferred normal, mature T cells
      from resistant BALB/c mice. Thus, no H-2 restriction of donor T cells can be
      advocated for suppression of anti-tumour effector functions in the chimeras. (b)
      New donor (BALB/c, H-2d) marrow character in the H-2d----H-2b chimeras prevents
      expression of the H-2b restricted viral activity and leukaemogenic transformation
      and/or proliferation.

PMID- 3882286
TI  - Specific antigen exclusion and non-specific facilitation of antigen entry across
      the gut in rats allergic to food proteins.

PMID- 3882285
TI  - Studies of the in vivo synthesis and catabolism of serum amyloid P component
      (SAP) in the mouse.
AB  - The production of mouse serum amyloid P component (SAP), a major acute phase
      protein of liver origin, was studied immunocytochemically using the peroxidase
      staining technique. SAP was not detectable in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes from
      normal, unstimulated mice, nor was it observed before 24 h after an acute phase
      stimulus. 125I-labelled mouse SAP was cleared from the plasma in vivo with a half
      life of 7.0-8.25 h in all animals studied including: normal mice of different
      strains with different genetically determined plasma SAP concentrations; mice
      undergoing acute phase responses with greatly elevated plasma SAP levels and mice
      with casein-induced amyloidosis. The circulating level of SAP is thus independent
      of its rate of clearance and catabolism and is determined by the rate of
      synthesis and/or secretion of SAP.

PMID- 3882287
TI  - Inhibition of pokeweed mitogen-induced B cell differentiation by compounds
      containing primary amine or hydrazine groups.
AB  - The present study examined the effect of two drugs, which contain either an
      aromatic amine or hydrazine moiety and are known to induce lupus like syndromes
      in man (procainamide and hydralazine) and an aliphatic amine (dansylcadaverine),
      on pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced B cell production of immunoglobulin G (IgG).
      These compounds all inhibited IgG production and generation of IgG plaque forming
      cells, whereas derivatives of them, without free amine groups, had little or no
      effect. The compounds inhibited differentiation of B cells to plasma cells,
      rather than production and secretion of IgG. Mitogen free culture supernatants of
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) activated by the oxidizing mitogen,
      neuraminidase and galactose oxidase (NAGO), prevented the inhibition of B cell
      maturation. Moreover, incubation of NAGO treated PBM with hydralazine prevented
      the production of soluble factors capable of promoting B cell maturation in the
      presence of hydralazine. We conclude from these studies that procainamide,
      hydralazine and dansylcadaverine inhibit PWM-induced B cell maturation to plasma
      cells by an indirect mechanism, via inhibition of production of lymphokines by
      helper cells. The primary amine or hydrazine group appears to be required for the
      inhibitory effect, since analogues of the inhibitory compounds, without primary
      amine groups, are non-inhibitory.

PMID- 3882288
TI  - IgE Fc receptor positive T and B lymphocytes in patients with the hyper IgE
      syndrome.
AB  - The percentages of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), bearing Fc receptors for
      IgE (Fc epsilon R) and IgG (Fc gamma R) were determined in four patients with the
      hyper IgE syndrome by a rosette assay employing IgE and IgG coated fixed ox
      erythrocytes. The patients had 8 +/- 3% Fc epsilon R+ and 13 +/- 8% Fc gamma R+
      PBL, compared to 1.2 +/- 1% Fc epsilon R+ and 17 +/- 4% Fc gamma R+ PBL for
      control donors. T cells were isolated by rosetting with neuraminidase treated
      sheep erythrocytes (EN). Indirect immunofluorescence with Lyt 3 monoclonal
      antibody (MoAb) to the sheep erythrocyte receptor, followed by rosetting for Fc
      epsilon R and Fc gamma R showed that the patients' T cells contained less than
      0.1% Fc epsilon R+ and 1.4 +/- 0.2% Fc gamma R+ cells; T cells from the control
      subjects contained less than 0.1% Fc epsilon R+ and 11 +/- 4% Fc gamma R+ cells.
      The non-T (EN rosette depleted) cells of the patients included 56 +/- 18%
      sIgM+/sIgD+, 45 +/- 9% Fc epsilon R+ and 35 +/- 27% Fc gamma R+ cells. Indirect
      immunofluorescence with MoAb to IgM, IgD, and NK cells (antibody B73.1) followed
      by rosetting for Fc epsilon R and Fc gamma R, indicated that 92 +/- 2% of the Fc
      epsilon R+ cells and 9 +/- 7% of the Fc gamma R+ cells were B cells (mu+/delta+),
      while 3 +/- 4% of the Fc epsilon R+ and 30 +/- 23% of the Fc gamma R+ cells were
      NK cells (B73.1+). Thus, most of the Fc epsilon R+ non-T cells were B cells, and
      only a small fraction appeared to be NK cells. On the other hand, Fc gamma R+ B
      cells were outnumbered by Fc gamma R+ NK cells (B73.1+) by three to one. The data
      indicate that patients with the hyper IgE syndrome have increased numbers of Fc
      gamma R+ PBL, most of them being B cells, whereas their T cells contain less than
      0.1% Fc epsilon R+ cells.

PMID- 3882290
TI  - The importance of pre- and postinfarction angina on timolol-related reduction in
      mortality and reinfarction.
AB  - The importance of a history of angina pectoris on long-term timolol treatment
      after myocardial infarction was studied with respect to mortality and
      reinfarction. The analyses were performed retrospectively using cohorts from the
      Norwegian timolol multicenter study. In patients without angina pectoris prior to
      the infarction, timolol treatment reduced mortality by 61% and the occurrence of
      first nonfatal reinfarction by 16.9% as compared with placebo. Patients with
      preinfarction angina had a reduction in mortality of 21.8% and in first nonfatal
      reinfarction of 48.6%. The frequency of angina pectoris increased from 38% in
      both treatment groups before the infarction to 59% in the placebo group and 52%
      in the timolol group the first 6 months after the infarction. In patients without
      postinfarction angina pectoris, timolol treatment reduced mortality by 30.7% and
      the number of first nonfatal reinfarctions by 22.7%. The reductions in mortality
      and reinfarction in patients with postinfarction angina were 43.8% and 38.5%,
      respectively. Thus, the decision for timolol treatment after myocardial
      infarction should not be dependent on pre- and postinfarction angina.

PMID- 3882289
TI  - Complement activation by antibodies to DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus
      measured by enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - An enzyme immunoassay to detect complement-fixing antibodies to DNA (CF-antiDNA)
      was developed. Of SLE sera, 64% had these antibodies as did 6% of 50 rheumatoid
      arthritis and 3.2% of 93 normal human sera. The mean CF-antiDNA level was higher
      in the sera of SLE patients with renal disease than those SLE patients who had no
      renal disease (P less than 0.0001), and higher in those SLE patients with active
      rather than inactive renal disease (P = 0.006). CF-antiDNA was more closely
      associated with renal activity than total IgG-antiDNA or CH50. These observations
      suggest that both the quality and quantity of anti-DNA antibodies play a role in
      the pathogenesis of renal disease, and that modern enzyme immunoassays help
      distinguish the relative importance of complement-fixing antibodies to anti-DNA
      from that of total anti-DNA.

PMID- 3882291
TI  - Experience in posterior lumbar interbody fusion: unicortical versus bicortical
      autologous grafts.
AB  - Over the past seven years, 96 PLIF operations were performed with the autologous
      bone graft method. In 44 cases, unicortical bone grafts were obtained from the
      posterior iliac crest area. In the remaining 52 cases, bicortical bone grafts
      were obtained from the anterior iliac crest. The failure rate in the patients
      treated by interbody fusion with the unicortical posterior iliac crest graft was
      11.8%. The failure rate in patients treated by interbody fusion with bicortical
      bone grafts was only 1.9%. The patients were ambulatory three to four days after
      the operation. In cases of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis, interbody fusion
      should be coupled with some manner of posterior internal fixation. The extraction
      of two pieces of bicortical bone from the anterior iliac crest, measuring 1.2 cm
      or 1.3 cm by 2.5 cm, may cause weakness of the pelvic bone. Therefore, the
      bicortical grafting in PLIF should be limited to severely disabled patients with
      complete spinal canal stenosis or very large myelographic defects.

PMID- 3882292
TI  - Lateral acetabular bone graft in total hip arthroplasty. A three- to eight-year
      follow-up study without internal fixation.
AB  - A series of 20 total hip arthroplasties were performed on 17 patients with
      significant acetabular deficiencies. Autogeneic femoral head bone grafting was
      performed without internal fixation. There was one failure caused by inadequate
      support of the graft, and this operation was revised. All grafts united within
      six months of surgery. Long-term follow-up evaluation revealed no evidence of
      progressive radiolucency or graft resorption.

PMID- 3882293
TI  - Nicolas Andry Award, 1984. Deleterious interactions of immune complexes in
      cartilage of experimental immune arthritis. I. The erosion of pannus-free hyaline
      cartilage.
AB  - Immune complexes were detected by plain and immunoelectron microscopy amongst
      electron-dense material that rapidly formed and extended over and into the
      cartilaginous surfaces of immune arthritic rabbits' knees. The sinuous extension
      of electron-dense material into the surface matrix was associated with
      fragmentation and detachment, resulting in erosions. The findings implicate the
      formation of immune complexes in the destructive process of the matrix. Since the
      eroded pannus-free matrix of rheumatoid cartilage surfaces contains extensive
      concentrations of immune complexes, the data of this immune arthritis model
      suggest a causative relation between immune complexes and matrix loss in
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3882295
TI  - Biomechanics of lumbar fusion.
AB  - If lumbar fusion is indicated to restore stability and prevent irritating
      intrasegmental motion, then there are a wide range of candidate constructs from
      which to make a choice. The criteria for choice must include the immediate
      postoperative stability of the construct, the stability and strength of the
      eventual fusion, and the potential for decompression or restoration of normal
      anatomic relations. Interbody fusions are particularly sound biomechanically. Two
      model constructs of the lumbar interbody fusion, the tripod concept and flagpole
      concept, are presented. The posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), in
      particular, encompasses the most desirable biomechanic features: posterolateral
      siting of load-bearing grafts is the optimal location in relation to the load
      bearing capacity of the vertebral bodies; posterior distraction is enhanced by
      maintaining the anterior anulus and ligament--they act as a fulcrum or pivot; and
      when adequate soft-tissue connections are maintained between posterior processes,
      or when they are supplemented by wire-ties, the graft is stable and strong enough
      for early weight-bearing. Variations on the theme can accommodate a wide range of
      presenting cases, whether previously operated or not. PLIF is gratifying to both
      patient and surgeon, even if technically demanding.

PMID- 3882294
TI  - Effect of growth factors on bone cell replication and differentiation.
AB  - Bone formation is a process regulated by effects on bone cell replication and on
      differentiated function, which is primarily represented by changes in bone
      collagen synthesis. The effects of hormones on bone formation have been reviewed
      extensively, and this article describes the effects of systemic and local growth
      factors. Systemic growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor and fibroblast
      growth factor, stimulate cell replication in skeletal and nonskeletal tissues but
      inhibit differentiated function; platelet-derived growth factor stimulates cell
      replication and generalized protein synthesis by differentiated cells. The only
      systemic factor that simultaneously stimulates bone cell replication and
      differentiation is insulinlike growth factor, or somatomedin. The growth of
      skeletal and nonskeletal tissues also appears to be regulated by locally
      synthesized factors. Bone contains an autologous bone-derived growth factor that
      stimulates bone collagen and DNA synthesis, while cartilage contains a
      somatomedinlike peptide that stimulates cartilage growth. Other noncollagenous
      bone proteins, such as osteonectin and osteocalcin, might have a role in
      mineralization, but, as yet, they have not been reported to have a definite
      effect on bone formation. Bone also contains prostaglandins and local regulators
      of bone resorption, while the macrophage, an osteoclast-related cell, releases
      peptides that stimulate bone formation in vitro. In conclusion, bone formation is
      a complex process regulated not only by hormones but also by systemic and local
      growth factors.

PMID- 3882296
TI  - The classic. The treatment of ruptured lumbar intervertebral discs by vertebral
      body fusion. I. Indications, operative technique, after care. By Ralph B.
      Cloward, 1953.

PMID- 3882297
TI  - Posterior lumbar interbody fusion with specialized instruments.
AB  - Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) has been performed in 100 individuals by
      use of specialized surgical instruments and allogeneic preserved bone grafts from
      1979 to March 1982, after the advantages of performing PLIF in 342 individuals
      from 1965 to 1978 were noted. No deaths occurred, nor any infections or
      thrombophlebitis postoperation. Eleven (11%) reoperations were required: six for
      proven pseudarthrosis, three for gradual bone graft extrusion (of six extrusions
      total), one for bone graft fracture (with manifestations of nerve root
      compression), and one for hematoma. Operative results were excellent in 35%, good
      in 39%, fair in 17%, and poor in 9%. Specialized surgical instruments used for
      the operation included mortising chisels with cannulated reamers, right-angled
      curettes, and depth-limited impactors. PLIF is technically demanding; however, it
      establishes a mortise-graft interbody fusion to stabilize and restore the spinal
      architecture.

PMID- 3882298
TI  - Total disc replacement: a modified posterior lumbar interbody fusion. Report of
      750 cases.
AB  - Total disc replacement is a modification of posterior lumbar interbody fusion. A
      study of 750 patients treated by total disc replacement with allogeneic bone
      shows that the operation is complicated but uniquely effective. Successful
      results have occurred in over 90% of the cases.

PMID- 3882299
TI  - Chemonucleolysis failures treated by PLIF.
AB  - Chemonucleolysis is a procedure in which an enzyme is injected into the
      intervertebral disc for the purpose of alleviating sciatic pain. This has a
      reported success rate of 70%-90%. Of the failures, several will benefit from a
      classic lumbar laminectomy for removal of a free fragment in the spinal canal
      caused by either improper technique or inadequate enzyme activity. However, in a
      significant number of cases, the failure is related to either instability or the
      compression of the nerve roots in the neural foramen. Observations on 17 cases
      demonstrate that PLIF can relieve pain and other symptoms in cases of failed
      chemonucleolysis.

PMID- 3882300
TI  - Unilateral posterior lumbar interbody fusion: simplified dowel technique.
AB  - Two hundred sixteen patients were treated by a simplified unilateral posterior
      lumbar interbody fusion (U-PLIF) in which the disc was removed and replaced by
      bone. The disc was approached far laterally by removing two-thirds of the
      superior facet preserving most of the ligamentum flavum, removing the disc,
      decorticating in a semicircular fashion the adjacent vertebral bodies
      unilaterally close to the midline, and packing the anterior one-fourth of the
      interspace with cancellous bone chips. The bone chips were covered with up to
      five half-thickness bone dowels. Consolidation of the fusion and stabilization of
      the motion segment of Junghanns from either the cephalad or caudal end of the
      bone grafts were verified by motion roentgenographic films, CT scans, and/or
      examinations during the follow-up period, which ranged from 16 years to a minimum
      of one year. Of the 34 cases selected for CT scan, 25 had lateral reconstruction
      performed, and solid unilateral fusion was confirmed in 21 cases (84%). The
      advantages of the unilateral approach include an intact ligamentum flavum
      overlying nerve roots.

PMID- 3882301
TI  - Posterior lumbar interbody fusion with posterior elements as chip grafts.
AB  - The advantages of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) have been enumerated
      over the past 40 years. A surgical technique of PLIF, with use of posterior
      elements cut into small corticocancellous chips measuring 2-4 mm as graft
      material, has distinct advantages. The PLIF technique with autogenous chip grafts
      on 113 patients treated between 1974 and 1980 produced as high as 79% objectively
      good results.

PMID- 3882302
TI  - Posterior lumbar interbody fusion technique: complications and pitfalls.
AB  - To assure a high degree of lumbar interbody fusion, four biomechanic principles
      should be observed: preservation of posterior portion of the motion segment (this
      would stabilize and compress the grafts); near total discectomy to render a
      larger area for recipient graft site; maximum impaction of mixed cancellous and
      unicortical peg grafts; and partial decortication to avoid invasion into the soft
      vascular cancellous bone in a deeper area. The result of 465 cases of PLIF over a
      ten-year period showed 82% clinical satisfactory results and a 88% satisfactory
      fusion rate. Various complications and pitfalls related to this procedure suggest
      that with meticulous technique and close adherence to the established protocol,
      PLIF can be performed safely with a high success rate of fusion.

PMID- 3882306
TI  - Ultrasonic systolic blood pressure gradient between upper and lower limbs in
      normal term Chinese neonates.
AB  - The determination of a normal pattern of systolic blood pressure (SBP) gradient
      between upper limbs (UL) and lower limbs (LL) in neonates is important in the
      diagnosis of the coarctation syndrome. The scarcity of studies of normal neonates
      and the conflict of opinion prompted us to evaluate this problem. The UL and LL
      systolic blood pressures of 100 normal term Chinese neonates were measured by the
      Doppler Ultrasonic method (Roche Arteriosonde 1020). Under resting condition, the
      majority (89%) of our neonates had a negative SBP gradient (LL greater than UL).
      The mean LL SBP (70.1 mmHg) was significantly higher than that of the UL (59.5
      mmHg), p less than 0.001. Eleven out of 100 of our neonates had a positive (UL
      greater than LL) SBP gradient. Eight of these were less than 1 week old. None had
      a positive gradient of more than 20 mmHg. According to the results of our study,
      during the first week of life, normal neonates may have upper limb pressure
      greater than lower limb of up to 20 mmHg.

PMID- 3882304
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of the retinoids.
AB  - Etretinate, isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid), and tretinoin (all-trans
      retinoic acid) are retinoic acid analogues comprising a group of compounds known
      as the retinoids. However, they exhibit distinct and important differences with
      regard to their therapeutic and toxicological profiles. Tretinoin, due to a low
      oral therapeutic index, is limited almost exclusively to topical application,
      whereas etretinate and isotretinoin are therapeutically effective when given
      systemically by the oral route. Clinical doses of isotretinoin range from 0.5 to
      8 mg/kg/day, with acute side effects appearing following doses of 1 mg/kg/day or
      greater. Plasma concentrations of isotretinoin following single and multiple
      doses peak between 2 to 4 hours and exhibit elimination half-lives of 10 to 20
      hours. Isotretinoin blood concentration-time curves following a single- or
      multiple-dose regimen are well described by a linear model with biphasic
      disposition characteristics. Etretinate, which possesses a narrower therapeutic
      concentration range than isotretinoin, is used clinically at doses between 0.5 to
      1.5 mg/kg/day; acute side effects appear following doses of 0.5 mg/kg/day or
      more. In most conditions, the retinoids produce a maximal effect in about 8 weeks
      (at the highest tolerated dose), with a slow recurrence of symptoms usually
      occurring within several weeks following cessation of treatment - except in the
      treatment of cystic acne with isotretinoin. Maintenance or intermittent dosing
      usually results in a prolongation of remission. Pharmacokinetically, the major
      difference between isotretinoin and etretinate is the much longer elimination
      half-life (120 days) of etretinate following long term administration. Recently,
      however, blood concentration versus time curves from day 1 to day 180 of
      etretinate therapy have been fitted by a single polyexponential pharmacokinetic
      equation without the need to invoke non-linearity in the kinetics. The observed
      lengthening of the elimination half-life with multiple dosing may thus be due to
      a lack of assay sensitivity at drug concentrations seen after single-dose
      administration, rather than to time-related alterations in the pharmacokinetics
      of etretinate.

PMID- 3882303
TI  - Comparison of drug dosing methods.
AB  - The literature reviewed herein clearly demonstrates the poor correlation between
      drug dosing and the ability to achieve a specific serum drug concentration and
      between drug dosing and clinical response, especially for drugs with a narrow
      therapeutic index. There is, however, a better correlation between serum drug
      concentration and observed clinical response. Thus, clinicians use serum drug
      concentrations to more accurately dose drugs. Numerous dosing methods have been
      developed in an attempt to improve the relationship between dosing, serum drug
      concentration, and response. The major hypothesis is that if dosing methods can
      be developed that will accurately predict serum drug concentrations, these
      methods would be useful in improving clinical care. Several dosing methods have
      been developed including use of 'standard' doses, population-based predictive
      algorithms and nomograms, pharmacokinetic equations, and Bayesian feedback. Some
      of these methods are accurate and useful, whereas others are not. This review
      evaluates the commonly used dosing methods (some of which utilise serum drug
      concentration feedback for dosage estimation) for 5 drugs: gentamicin, digoxin,
      phenytoin, theophylline, and lignocaine (lidocaine). These drugs were selected
      since they exhibit a representative cross section of pharmacokinetic parameters
      and since they exhibit a representative cross section of pharmacokinetic
      parameters and since they have narrow therapeutic ranges. An individualised
      method and a Bayesian method, both using serum drug concentration feedback,
      appear most accurate and precise in dosing to achieve desired serum drug
      concentrations and, hence, response. Our bias from personal experience with this
      method and from published use by others is that the Bayesian method is more
      flexible in that any number of serum drug concentrations may be used to determine
      dose, instead of the 3 or more required for the individualised method. Although
      use of these methods would appear to be cost-effective in timely provision of
      health care by reduction of toxicity and hospital stay, only sparse data have
      been generated to support this conclusion. Thus, further examination of the cost
      effectiveness of drug dosing methods is necessary to establish their place in
      routine patient care.

PMID- 3882307
TI  - Clonidine and guanfacine in hypertension.
AB  - Guanfacine, 1 to 3 mg/day, and clonidine, 0.1 to 0.3 mg twice a day, were
      compared in a 24-week double-blind, randomized, parallel study of 42 patients
      with hypertension that was inadequately treated by chlorthalidone, 25 mg/day.
      Mean reduction of blood pressure was 18/9 mm Hg after guanfacine and 14/8 mm Hg
      after clonidine. To determine the incidence of rebound hypertension, subjects
      were hospitalized for 7 days during chlorthalidone therapy for collection of
      baseline data and once again immediately after abrupt withdrawal of the alpha
      agonist after 24 weeks of dosing. Although blood pressure and heart rate rose
      significantly in both groups, the changes after clonidine withdrawal were greater
      and occurred earlier (day 2) than those after guanfacine withdrawal (day 4).
      Forty percent of the subjects receiving guanfacine and 64% of subjects receiving
      clonidine had diastolic blood pressure elevations greater than or equal to 10 mm
      Hg from baseline. There were increases in urinary norepinephrine levels in both
      groups after drug withdrawal, but these correlated poorly with blood pressure
      rise. Side effects after guanfacine were much the same as those after clonidine.
      Guanfacine taken once a day provides an effective and safe alternative to
      clonidine in the management of essential hypertension.

PMID- 3882308
TI  - Kinetics of ibuprofen effect on platelet and endothelial prostanoid release.
AB  - Reciprocal control of platelet function in the circulation has been proposed for
      the platelet-produced platelet proaggregatory prostanoid thromboxane A2 (TxA2)
      and the vascular endothelium-produced antiaggregatory prostanoid prostacyclin
      (PGI2). Forty drug-free healthy subjects were given a single dose of ibuprofen
      (0, 8, 10, 12, or 14 mg/kg) in a randomized, double-blind study. Blood samples
      were drawn 0, 2, 4, and 6 hours and 7 days after dosing for determination in
      serum (from untreated or in vitro indomethacin-treated portions of the blood) of
      TxA2 and PGI2 by radioimmunoassay of their stable metabolites (TxB2 and 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha). Maximal platelet release of TxA2 (untreated serum) was lower in all
      drug groups 2, 4, and 6 hours after dosing. There was no significant decrease in
      PGI2 release. All doses of ibuprofen (except 0 mg/kg) induced essentially
      identical plasma levels at the times of measurement (postpeak decline), and
      effects could not be distinguished by dose for 8, 10, 12, or 14 mg/kg at these
      times. It is concluded that ibuprofen induces antiplatelet effects for at least 6
      hours while preserving normal antiplatelet mechanisms.

PMID- 3882305
TI  - Pharmacokinetic interactions of the macrolide antibiotics.
AB  - The macrolide antibiotics erythromycin and triacetyloleandomycin (troleandomycin)
      are prescribed for many types of infections. As such they are often added to
      other preexisting drug therapy. Thus, there are frequent opportunities for the
      interaction of these antibiotics with other drugs. Both erythromycin and
      triacetyloleandomycin appear to have the potential to inhibit drug metabolism in
      the liver and also drug metabolism by micro-organisms in the gut, either through
      their antibiotic effect or through complex formation and inactivation of
      microsomal drug oxidising enzymes. Of the two agents, triacetyloleandomycin
      appears to be the more potent inhibitor of microsomal drug metabolism. Published
      studies indicate that triacetyloleandomycin can significantly decrease the
      metabolism of methylprednisolone, theophylline and carbamazepine. Its ability to
      cause ergotism in patients receiving ergot alkaloids and cholestatic jaundice in
      patients on oral contraceptives may also be related to its inhibitory effect on
      drug metabolism. Erythromycin appears to be a much weaker inhibitor of drug
      metabolism. There are numerous reports describing apparent interactions of
      erythromycin with theophylline and a lesser number of reports dealing with
      carbamazepine, warfarin methylprednisolone and digoxin. There are sufficient data
      to suggest that erythromycin can, in some individuals, inhibit the elimination of
      methylprednisolone, theophylline, carbamazepine and warfarin. The mean change in
      drug clearance is about 20 to 25% in most cases, with some patients having a much
      larger change than others. Like tetracycline, erythromycin also appears to have
      the potential for increasing the bioavailability of digoxin in patients who
      excrete high amounts of reduced digoxin metabolites, apparently through
      destruction of the gut flora that form these compounds. Concurrent administration
      of triacetyloleandomycin with drugs whose metabolism is known to be affected or
      that could potentially be affected should be avoided unless appropriate
      adjustments in dosage are made. Coadministration of erythromycin with drugs
      believed to interact should be undertaken with caution and with appropriate
      patient monitoring. Among the other macrolide antibiotics, josamycin has seldom
      been involved in causing drug interactions, while midecamycin and the older
      derivative spiramycin have not so far been incriminated.

PMID- 3882309
TI  - A comparative study of three tinted, unfilled pit and fissure sealants. Eleven
      month results in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

PMID- 3882310
TI  - Computed tomography and ultrasound appearance of liver disease in secondary
      syphilis.
AB  - Liver disease occurring as a manifestation of secondary syphilis is unusual, and
      this association is not readily recognized or considered in the differential
      diagnosis of obscure hepatic disease, thereby causing delay in treatment. We
      describe a case of liver involvement in secondary syphilis with computed
      tomography and ultrasound findings. This entity should be considered in patients
      with hepatomegaly coexisting with the clinical stigmata of secondary syphilis, as
      treatment with penicillin results in rapid improvement in both the clinical and
      biochemical findings.

PMID- 3882311
TI  - Dopaminergic regulation of natriuretic response to acute volume expansion in
      dogs.
AB  - Effects of carbidopa, a dopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenylamine) decarboxylase inhibitor,
      on the renal, haemodynamic and hormonal responses to acute volume expansion were
      examined in six healthy mongrel dogs which were infused intravenously with 0.9%
      sodium chloride solution (saline; 30 ml h-1 kg-1) over 2 h. Saline infusion
      studies were performed in the absence (control) and in the presence of carbidopa
      given by nasogastric tube in a dose of 1 mg/kg every 8 h beginning 24 h before
      the infusion. Saline infusion resulted in an increase in renal excretion of
      dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) and a decrease in renal excretion of
      noradrenaline. Carbidopa treatment decreased urinary sodium excretion and
      eliminated the increase in renal production of dopamine in response to saline
      infusion without affecting renal or haemodynamic response to acute vascular
      volume expansion with saline. Carbidopa treatment obliterated the suppression of
      aldosterone produced by saline infusion. Thus, dopamine appears to play a
      significant role in mediating both the natriuretic and aldosterone response to
      acute volume expansion.

PMID- 3882312
TI  - Dopamine reduces aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone response to angiotensin
      II in patients with essential low-renin hypertension and idiopathic
      hyperaldosteronism.
AB  - Plasma aldosterone, 18-hydroxycorticosterone (18-OH-B), 18
      hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC), corticosterone, cortisol and prolactin
      levels were determined during an angiotensin II infusion at increasing rates both
      with and without a simultaneous infusion of dopamine in seven normotensive
      subjects, in ten patients with essential hypertension, and in ten patients with
      primary aldosteronism. In a second set of experiments, maximum increases of these
      plasma levels were determined after metoclopramide (10 mg intravenously) in all
      subgroups. As compared with the other groups, an exaggerated angiotensin II
      induced response of plasma aldosterone and 18-OH-B levels was observed in the
      five patients with low-renin essential hypertension (LREH) and in five patients
      with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA). Dopamine reduced the maximal increase
      of aldosterone and of 18-OH-B after angiotensin II to 259 +/- 48 (SEM) pg/ml and
      511 +/- 152 pg/ml respectively in LREH (without dopamine: 515 +/- 74 and 908 +/-
      201 respectively; P less than 0.05), and to 466 +/- 197 and 741 +/- 212 in IHA
      (without dopamine: 766 +/- 193 and 1264 +/- 337 respectively; P less than 0.05).
      The maximal increases of plasma aldosterone, 18-OH-B, and prolactin after
      metoclopramide (10 mg intravenously) were higher (P less than 0.01) in patients
      with LREH and in patients with primary aldosteronism. Plasma levels of 18-OH-DOC,
      corticosterone and cortisol were not affected by the stimuli applied. The
      exaggerated response to metoclopramide as well as to angiotensin II and its
      reversion only by pharmacological doses of dopamine are consistent with an
      increased but ineffective dopamine inhibition of aldosterone and 18-OH-B in LREH
      and IHA.

PMID- 3882313
TI  - Cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase activity in sputum and bronchoalveolar
      lavage samples: relationship to inflammatory cells and effects of corticosteroids
      and antibiotic treatment.
AB  - Cathepsin B-like activity was measured in lung secretions by using the
      fluorimetric substrate benzyloxycarbonyl-L-arginine-L-arginine-4-methyl-7
      coumarylamide (Z-Arg-Arg-MEC). The enzyme had a pH optimum of approximately 5.5
      and had the characteristics of an alkaline-stable cysteine proteinase. Enzyme
      activity in the sputum from ten subjects with chronic bronchitis was
      significantly reduced after 5 days' treatment with prednisolone. Seven patients
      with bronchiectasis were studied before and after 14 days' treatment with
      amoxycillin. Cysteine proteinase activity was significantly reduced after 7 days'
      therapy, in parallel with a change in sputum quality from purulent to mucoid. One
      week after cessation of treatment enzyme levels were again increased but were
      still significantly lower than pretreatment values. Enzyme activity in 21
      bronchoalveolar lavage specimens correlated significantly with neutrophil counts
      but not with macrophage counts. Cysteine proteinase activity in lung secretions
      resembles that of cathepsin B but is alkaline-stable, suggesting it is a distinct
      enzyme. The levels of cysteine proteinase in lung secretions appear to be related
      to the presence of inflammation or infection.

PMID- 3882314
TI  - Managing hypertension with captopril and hydrochlorothiazide using two versus
      three daily doses.

PMID- 3882315
TI  - Lack of effect of ceftazidime on serum glucose in patients with liver disease.

PMID- 3882316
TI  - Current status on assessment and measurement of glomerular filtration rate.

PMID- 3882317
TI  - Influence of body composition on insulin clearance.
AB  - The effect of body composition on clearance of infused insulin was studied in 21
      young normal weight (relative body weight 107 +/- 2%, of ideal mean +/- SEM)
      healthy subjects. In each subject, the per cent of body weight made up of muscle
      and fat tissue (% muscle and % fat) were determined. Clearance of insulin was
      estimated during infusion of insulin at the rate of 40 mU/m2/min under
      maintenance of normoglycaemia using the euglycaemic clamp technique. Steady-state
      plasma insulin levels (92.6 +/- 3.2 mU/litre) correlated negatively with % muscle
      (r = -0.60, P less than 0.01), and positively with % fat (r = 0.55, P less than
      0.01). Clearance of insulin was directly related to % muscle (r = 0.60, P less
      than 0.01), and inversely related to % fat (r = -0.48, P less than 0.01). Steady
      state plasma insulin levels or insulin clearance did not correlate with relative
      body weight. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant
      multivariate correlation between the rate of insulin clearance versus % muscle
      and % fat (r = 0.62, P less than 0.02). The changes in % muscle and % fat could
      predict 37% of the observed interindividual variance of insulin clearance. These
      results indicate that insulin clearance depends on body composition and is higher
      in muscular than in adipose subjects. This difference may reflect either a
      greater distribution space of insulin in muscular as compared to adipose subjects
      or an influence of body composition on insulin catabolism.

PMID- 3882318
TI  - Association between low habitual physical activity and impaired glucose
      tolerance.
AB  - The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a relationship exists between
      impaired glucose tolerance and both habitual physical activity and physical
      working capacity. Sixty-five apparently healthy subjects with impaired glucose
      tolerance (according to criteria of the European Association for the Study of
      Diabetes), age range 40-59 years, and 125 subjects with normal tolerance, sex,
      age and body mass index matched, were selected among the participants in a health
      examination survey. They filled in a questionnaire on daily physical activity
      during work and leisure time and performed an exercise test on a cyclergometer.
      No difference in physical activity at work was recorded between the groups, but
      the proportion of individuals who were physically active during leisure time, was
      significantly lower among the subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (8.1% vs
      19.7%; P less than 0.05). Moreover these subjects had a higher heart rate during
      and 1 min after the standard exercise test (113.4 +/- 15.8 vs 105.7 +/- 17.7
      beats/min, P less than 0.005; mean +/- SD). This supports the hypothesis that low
      physical activity is a risk factor for impaired glucose tolerance, independent of
      mutual effect of obesity.

PMID- 3882319
TI  - Controlled drug delivery: a new means of treatment of dental diseases.

PMID- 3882320
TI  - Availability of reduced-fee denture care and denture provider characteristics in
      five midwestern states.

PMID- 3882321
TI  - Diabetes. All changed.

PMID- 3882322
TI  - Diagnosis of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.

PMID- 3882323
TI  - Virchow's legacy.

PMID- 3882324
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies in clinical practice.

PMID- 3882325
TI  - Reflections (Sara Halm).

PMID- 3882327
TI  - Severe combined respiratory and myocardial failure treated with high-frequency
      ventilation.
AB  - High levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) impair cardiac output. The
      subsequent lowering of mixed venous oxygenation, when coupled with a significant
      intrapulmonary shunt, may dramatically depress PaO2. We present a patient whose
      severe myocardial and respiratory insufficiency was unmanageable on conventional
      ventilation with high levels of PEEP and maximal inotropic support. High
      frequency ventilation superimposed on conventional ventilation lowered peak
      airway pressure and dramatically improved both cardiac and pulmonary function.

PMID- 3882326
TI  - Laser Doppler velocimetry as a monitor of cardiac output changes in dogs.
AB  - Cutaneous blood flow may be measured utilizing a continuous, noninvasive
      technique, laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). Monitoring of cutaneous blood flow by
      LDV might be a useful method to monitor cardiac output. To test this hypothesis,
      sequential measurements of cardiac output, LDV, and transcutaneous oxygen (PtcO2)
      were made on 10 anesthetized dogs during experimental shock. There was
      significant correlation between LDV and cardiac output, while PtcO2 reflected
      cardiac output only at low flow states. These results show that, in the animal
      model, cutaneous LDV is a sensitive and specific method for monitoring cardiac
      output changes.

PMID- 3882328
TI  - Rebreathing bag rupture.

PMID- 3882329
TI  - Lymphangiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography in Hodgkin's disease
      and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
AB  - Findings from histologic analysis, lymphangiography, ultrasonography, and
      computed tomography were reviewed for 54 cases of Hodgkin's disease and 18 cases
      of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. All patients were classified as clinical stage 1 or 2
      disease at the time of the imaging studies. The ultrasound and computed
      tomography studies identified only 30 to 40% of the truly positive patients. This
      low sensitivity contrasts with lymphangiography, which identified 95% of the
      truly positive Hodgkin's disease patients and 70% of the patients with abdominal
      spread of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Many errors in interpretation were attributable
      to location and distribution of disease in these patients and the differing
      patterns of spread in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The evidence
      indicates that when findings are positive on computed tomography or ultrasound,
      no other study is necessary. In stage 1 or 2 lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's patients
      with negative noninvasive findings and all Hodgkin's patients, regardless of
      their noninvasive findings, should undergo lymphangiography.

PMID- 3882330
TI  - Computed tomography of internal jugular vein thrombosis.
AB  - Thrombosis of the internal jugular vein was diagnosed by computed tomography in
      two cases. On contrast computed tomography, the thrombosed vein appeared as an
      enlarged vein containing a low density lumen surrounded by a sharply defined
      wall. This entity should be looked for whenever a patient is examined by computed
      tomography for acute cervical swelling or inflammatory ear disease.

PMID- 3882331
TI  - Computed tomography and ultrasound demonstration of squamous cell carcinoma of
      the kidney.
AB  - The computed tomography and ultrasound appearance of a case of squamous cell
      carcinoma of the kidney is reported and the relevant clinical and urographic
      findings in this rare entity are reviewed.

PMID- 3882332
TI  - Lung response to particulates with emphasis on asbestos and other fibrous dusts.
AB  - Many theories have been proposed to explain asbestosis and asbestos-related
      pulmonary disease. However, none of the theories give a completely plausible
      explanation for the pathogenesis. Recently, attention has been drawn to a theory
      that the fibrogenicity or carcinogenicity of fibrous dust particles is related to
      fiber diameter and length rather than to chemical properties. This theory may
      help partially elucidate the disease process but is still far from solving the
      enigma of pulmonary fibrosis or carcinogenesis. The theory cannot explain the
      absence of these pathological effects among fiberglass workers or experimental
      animals exposed by inhalation (even though mesotheliomas are induced by
      intrapleural implantation and fiber dimension-related fibrogenicity is
      demonstrated by intratracheal injection). Little information regarding the
      pulmonary response to manmade fibrous particles is available in animals following
      inhalation exposure. Attempts should be made to confirm the absence of adverse
      effects using animal inhalation experiments even though to this point there is no
      conclusive evidence that either lung cancer or pulmonary diseases can be produced
      among employees in manmade fiber industries. A new research trend seems
      concentrated on testing the durability of asbestos or manmade fibers. This is
      based on the concept that biological effects of fibrous particles are the result
      of relative durability and that particles which can be fragmented or shortened
      may be less pathogenic. In the last two decades, considerable understanding about
      pulmonary fibrosis and carcinogenesis of asbestos has been achieved by clinical
      and animal experiments. In vitro tests including cytotoxicity, hemolysis,
      immunology, and enzyme biochemistry have provided important information on the
      interrelationships among these various biological effects of asbestos.

PMID- 3882333
TI  - Biologic activity of hydroxylamine: a review.
AB  - Although hydroxylamine, as such, is a product of normal cellular metabolism it is
      also a potent mutagen in vitro. However, in spite of this potential, it has not
      been shown to possess carcinogenic capabilities. Indeed, this chemical has
      demonstrated carcinostatic activity against certain tumors in animals. In
      addition, hydroxylamine has been shown to inactivate or inhibit a number of
      cellular enzymes and some viruses in vitro. It is also a skin irritant and
      sensitizer. It causes dermatitis and it is corrosive to the eyes. Acute and
      chronic exposures to hydroxylamine have caused methemoglobinemia and
      sulfhemoglobinemia.

PMID- 3882334
TI  - Modern aspects of scabies.

PMID- 3882335
TI  - New aspects of porphyrias.

PMID- 3882336
TI  - Cutaneous symptoms in primary immunodeficiencies.

PMID- 3882337
TI  - Needle aspiration cytology of tumors at various body sites.

PMID- 3882338
TI  - The indications for orthotopic liver transplantation in humans.

PMID- 3882339
TI  - Static lung preservation.

PMID- 3882340
TI  - Genetic defects in the thalassemias.
AB  - In summary, the beta-thalassemias are models for the study of human genetic
      disease. Defining the genetic defects in and surrounding the beta-globin gene in
      the beta(+)- and the beta(0)-thalassemias has resulted in new insights into the
      relationships between changes in gene structure and abnormalities in gene
      function. The region 5' to the beta-gene, the coding regions within the gene, and
      the IVS have all been found to contain single nucleotide defects which diminish
      or abolish beta-globin mRNA production and the production of beta-globin. The
      ability to isolate beta-globin genes by cloning, and to express these beta-globin
      genes in cells, has given remarkable insights into the relationship between
      globin gene structure and globin gene function. In addition, new technology is
      available for the antenatal diagnosis of the beta-thalassemias based on the
      knowledge of the specific defects in these genes, with the use of oligomers to
      detect single nucleotide changes. Finally, recent advances have suggested new
      approaches to gene therapy in these disorders using gene transfer.

PMID- 3882341
TI  - Regulation of blood coagulation factor levels in plasma.

PMID- 3882342
TI  - Ferritin: an interim review.

PMID- 3882343
TI  - Plasma membrane phospholipid organization in human erythrocytes.
AB  - By weight, phospholipids make up approximately 25% of the plasma membrane of
      mature human erythrocytes. The four major phospholipid species present in the
      membrane (PC, PE, PS, and SM) are distributed asymmetrically across the bilayer
      leaflet resulting in an enrichment of choline-phospholipid (PC and SM) in the
      outer leaflet and of amino-phospholipid (PE and PS) in the cytoplasmic leaflet.
      This asymmetric organization is preferentially maintained through complex, and at
      present, poorly understood noncovalent interactions between specific membrane
      lipids and proteins (in particular, a stabilizing role for the skeletal protein
      spectrin and band 4.1 have been implicated), although other considerations such
      as phospholipid net charge, size, and degree of acyl chain unsaturation may also
      be involved. In certain red cell pathologies, or following experimental
      manipulation, there is a partial loss of this asymmetry (summarized in Tables
      XVI, XVII) often resulting in increases in the outer leaflet content of amino
      phospholipids and subsequent expression of altered membrane surface properties.
      Some of these abnormal properties may have pathophysiologic consequence; indeed,
      red cell membranes displaying increased levels of surface amino-phospholipids
      have been shown to be potent procoagulants and demonstrate enhanced intermembrane
      interactions with both model (liposomes) and biologic (mononuclear phagocytes)
      membranes. Redistribution of membrane phospholipids may not occur homogeneously
      throughout an entire leaflet but may be restricted to specific membrane regions.
      These studies strongly suggest that the maintenance of phospholipid asymmetry in
      human red cell membranes is not a trivial event but probably represents a
      homeostatic mechanism, the failure of which may lead to alterations in normal
      erythrocyte functions, and ultimately, survival.

PMID- 3882344
TI  - Melanoma and other melanocytic skin lesions.

PMID- 3882345
TI  - Genetic and developmental aspects of pathological pigmentation patterns.

PMID- 3882346
TI  - Changes in epidermal cell proliferation in proliferative skin disease.

PMID- 3882347
TI  - Mycosis fungoides.

PMID- 3882348
TI  - Bullous dermatoses.

PMID- 3882349
TI  - Cutaneous vasculitis.

PMID- 3882350
TI  - High altitude pulmonary edema and exercise at 4,400 meters on Mount McKinley.
      Effect of expiratory positive airway pressure.
AB  - Breathing against positive expiratory pressure has been used to improve gas
      exchange in many forms of pulmonary edema, and forced expiration against
      resistance during exercise has been advocated for climbing at high altitude as a
      method to optimize performance. To evaluate the effect of expiratory positive
      airway pressure (EPAP) on climbers with high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and
      on exercise at high altitude, we studied four climbers with HAPE at rest and 13
      healthy climbers during exercise on a bicycle ergometer at 4400 m. We measured
      minute ventilation (VI, L/min), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2 percent), end
      tidal carbon dioxide (PACO2, mm Hg), respiratory rate (RR), and heart rate (HR)
      during the last minute of a five minute interval at rest in the climbers with
      HAPE, and at rest, 300, and 600 kpm/minute workloads on a bicycle ergometer in
      the healthy subjects. The HAPE subjects demonstrated an increased SaO2 percent,
      no change in HR or VI, and a decrease in RR on EPAP as compared to control. In
      normal subjects, SaO2 percent, VI, and heart rate were significantly higher on
      EPAP 10 cm H2O than 0 cm H2O control (p less than 0.01, 0.01, and 0.05,
      respectively). The RR and PaCO2 were not significantly different. In summary,
      EPAP improves gas exchange in HAPE subjects at rest. The EPAP in normal subjects
      at high altitude resulted in a higher SaO2 percent at the expense of a higher VI
      and higher HR. These results suggest that the work of breathing is higher and the
      stroke volume lower on EPAP. The positive pressure mask may be an effective
      temporizing measure for victims of HAPE who cannot immediately go to a lower
      altitude.

PMID- 3882351
TI  - Pulmonary epithelial permeability after inhaling saline, distilled water "fog"
      and cold air.
AB  - It is recognized that hyperventilation of cold air and the inhalation of fine
      mists of distilled water provoke significant bronchoconstriction in the asthmatic
      individual, yet little is known as to how these provocations affect the
      structural integrity of the alveolar epithelial membrane. In 11 normal subjects,
      the following effects have been studied: cold air hyperventilation for three
      minutes, inhalation of 80 L of ultrasonically nebulized distilled water "fog,"
      and 80 L of isotonic saline "fog" on the half time clearance (T1/2) from the
      alveoli of technetium 99m diethylene triamine penta acetate (DTPA), inhaled as an
      aerosol. The DTPA T1/2 provided a measurement of pulmonary epithelial
      permeability.

PMID- 3882352
TI  - Osler and sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3882353
TI  - Response of a 'susceptible' Escherichia coli to metronidazole therapy: an
      investigation using experimental subcutaneous abscesses.
AB  - Earlier experiments under anaerobic conditions in vitro had indicated that Gram
      negative facultative anaerobes were susceptible to therapeutically attainable
      concentrations of metronidazole. This prompted us to study the response of one
      such strain to metronidazole therapy. Mice with 3-day-old subcutaneous abscesses
      induced by 'susceptible' Escherichia coli (accompanied by potentiating agent and
      obligately anaerobic Bacteroides fragilis) were given metronidazole by mouth (250
      mg/kg/dose 12 hourly) either as a two- or a four-dose course. This therapy
      reduced the viable numbers of E. coli/abscess by a mere 0.3 log10 and 0.7 log10,
      respectively. Assays showed that concentrations of metronidazole in abscess
      contents compared favourably with those in the earlier in vitro experiments. But
      measurement of redox potentials in abscesses indicated that the conditions in
      these (-191 mV vs. Ag/AgCl) were not nearly as reduced as those in experiments in
      vitro (-650 mV). This, and the known dependence of metronidazole on low redox
      potentials for expression of its antimicrobial ability, appears to be the
      explanation for the poor anticoliform effect in the subcutaneous abscess model.
      Full assessment of the clinical implications of these observations must await the
      availability of data regarding redox potentials in clinical situations.

PMID- 3882354
TI  - Cefoperazone therapy of complicated urinary tract infections: pharmacokinetics in
      renal transplant recipients.
AB  - Cefoperazone was used to treat patients with complicated urinary tract infections
      due to multiple antibiotic-resistant gram-negative rods who had failed prior
      courses of intravenous antibiotic therapy. Cure was achieved in 44% (4/9) of
      cases; 44% of patients improved but relapsed and 11% (1/9) of patients were
      reinfected. Relapse and reinfection were associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      and/or with conditions not normally responsive to medical therapy alone including
      prostatitis, reflux and chronic indwelling Foley catheters. The pharmacokinetics
      of cefoperazone were studied in renal transplant recipients. Peak serum
      concentrations (range 146-241 micrograms/ml) and 2-hour noncumulative urine
      concentrations (range 161-291 micrograms/ml) exceeded the minimal inhibitory
      concentrations of the bacteria in all cases. There was no accumulation of
      cefoperazone despite the presence of impaired renal function.

PMID- 3882355
TI  - Effect of a new sulfa-trimethoprim combination (trimethoprim-sulfamethopyrazine)
      in typhoid fever. A double-blind study on 72 adult patients.
AB  - A double-blind study on 72 adult patients affected by typhoid fever was done
      utilizing a new sulfa-trimethoprim combination (trimethoprim-sulfamethopyrazine)
      versus the well-known combination trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The dosage used
      for the new drug was 2 capsules (250 mg trimethoprim + 200 mg sulfamethopyrazine
      per capsule) the 1st day and 1 capsule for the following 14 days or 2 capsules
      (trimethoprim 80 mg + sulfamethoxazole 400 mg per capsule) twice daily for 15
      days. Both drugs proved to be very effective according to the parameters
      considered. No complications (intestinal bleeding, perforation, etc.) occurred in
      any of the patients, and untoward effects were not observed. It is therefore our
      opinion that treatment of typhoid fever with a sulfa-trimethoprim combination is
      both effective and safe.

PMID- 3882356
TI  - Antibiotic infection prophylaxis in gallbladder surgery--a prospective randomized
      study.
AB  - In the course of 1 year, 180 patients undergoing elective surgery for confirmed
      cholelithiasis were included in a prospective randomized study in which they
      either received 2 g of preoperatively applied ceftriaxon intravenously at the
      beginning of anesthesia or, as an alternative, no antibiotic at all. Infectious
      wound-healing disturbances occurred postoperatively in 11% in the control group
      and in no case in the prophylaxis group. The difference is statistically
      significant.

PMID- 3882357
TI  - [Reconstructive transposition osteotomy for the treatment of unstable
      pertrochanteric femoral fractures].

PMID- 3882358
TI  - [Value of sonographic ileus diagnosis].
AB  - Patients in an early state of mechanical bowel obstruction, with unspecific
      clinical symptoms, negative laboratory findings and no evidence of ileus in plain
      abdominal X-ray, are a pitfall for diagnosis and therapeutic decisions. In a
      partly retrospective, partly prospective study 11% (n = 13) of ileus patients
      admitted to our hospital met these criteria of "early state" bowel obstruction.
      Using conventional methods of diagnosis, in 6% (n = 7) false negative diagnosis
      was obtained; 4% (n = 5) were primarily admitted to the internal medical
      department. In all these cases, abdominal sonography yielded a correct diagnosis
      by demonstrating specific criteria of bowel obstruction even at onset of disease.
      The correct diagnosis was uniformly confirmed by early operation.

PMID- 3882359
TI  - Low colorectal anastomoses. An experimental assessment of two sutured and two
      stapled techniques.
AB  - Extraperitoneal colorectal anastomoses were constructed in dogs by four methods:
      one layer of sutures (N = 10), two layers of sutures (N = 10), EEA staples (N =
      10), and SPTU staples (N = 10). Dehiscence occurred in eight sutured and one
      stapled anastomosis (P less than 0.05). The four leaks following two layer
      sutured anastomoses caused three deaths, whereas all four leaks following one
      layer sutured anastomoses were only detected radiologically (P less than 0.02).
      In the stapled group, the single leak followed EEA anastomosis and was fatal.
      Anastomotic narrowing was greater in sutured than stapled groups (P less than
      0.05). Two layers of sutures produced gross narrowing compared with one layer (P
      less than 0.002). Two rows of staples (EEA) produced more narrowing than one row
      (SPTU) (P less than 0.01). Mean hydroxyproline concentrations and bursting
      pressures on the seventh postoperative day were higher in stapled than sutured
      anastomoses (P less than 0.05). Submucosal alignment, mucosal continuity, tissue
      viability, and stage of healing were all inferior for two-layer sutured
      anastomoses, reaching statistical significance for tissue viability (P less than
      0.05). Stapled anastomoses were completed significantly faster (32.6 +/- 7.3
      minutes) than sutured (54.1 +/- 8.4 minutes) (P less than 0.01). This
      experimental study has demonstrated that stapling is a fast and reliable method
      of colorectal anastomosis with a low complication rate. The shortcomings of the
      standard two-layer sutured anastomosis are discussed.

PMID- 3882360
TI  - Preoperative staging of rectal cancer by intrarectal ultrasound.
AB  - Digital examination and computed tomography are the current modalities employed
      to assess the depth of invasion of rectal cancer. Each technique has limitations
      in that high rectal tumors cannot be examined digitally and CT is unable to
      detect small tumors. However, preoperative diagnostic capability can be improved
      with the use of intrarectal ultrasound. We have examined 25 patients with rectal
      cancer preoperatively with digital examination and intrarectal ultrasound. In
      order to determine the accuracy of the ultrasonic method, we compared the results
      to the histopathologic findings of the excised specimen. Digital examination was
      essentially impossible in eight of the 25 rectal tumors because the tumors were
      either unreachable or could not be palpated in their full longitudinal extent. Of
      the remaining 17, digital examination corresponded with pathologic findings in
      15, while tumor spread was overestimated in two patients. Sonography corresponded
      with pathologic findings in 23 of the 25 tumors. Two had been overstaged.
      Analogous to the TNM classification for postoperative pathologic tumor staging,
      we propose a preoperative tumor staging based on ultrasonic determination of the
      infiltrative depth of tumor, which we call uTNM.

PMID- 3882361
TI  - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Nicholas Senn 1844-1908.
      Enterorrhaphy; its history, technique and present status.

PMID- 3882362
TI  - Anastomosis to the rectum. Operative experience.
AB  - Four hundred sixty-six consecutive procedures involving anastomosis to the rectum
      were performed between March 1969 and December 1982. Three hundred ninety-six (85
      percent) were stapled anastomoses and 70 (15 percent) were hand-sutured
      anastomoses. The stapled anastomoses were constructed using the GIA or EEA
      instrument, some of the latter utilizing a pull-through technique. The hand
      sutured anastomoses were constructed in the pelvic space, or externally as a
      staged pull-through procedure. A diverting stoma was constructed in all 14 staged
      pull-through procedures, in 47 of 56 (84 percent) conventional hand-sutured
      anastomoses, and in 38 of 396 (10 percent) stapled anastomoses. While the
      majority of very low anastomoses (0 to 5 cm from the dentate line) were stapled,
      13 conventional hand-sutured anastomoses and all 14 of the staged pull-through
      procedures were constructed at this level. One patient (0.2 percent) died as the
      result of an anastomotic complication. Twelve patients (2.5 percent) had
      anastomotic complications requiring reoperation. The reoperation rate for stapled
      anastomoses was six of 396 (1.5 percent). For hand-sutured anastomoses, the
      reoperation rate was six of 70 (8.6 percent). The results show that, for
      anastomosis to the rectum, stapling instruments are at least as good as hand
      suturing. Both stapling techniques and hand-suturing techniques provide the
      surgeon the capacity to construct safely very low anastomoses. A temporary,
      diverting stoma is required much less frequently with stapled than with hand
      sutured anastomoses. The need for a permanent colostomy should be determined by
      the stage and level of disease, the systemic health of the patient, and the
      patient's anatomy, rather than by the selection of anastomotic technique.

PMID- 3882363
TI  - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Nicholas Senn. 1844-1908.
      Enterorrhaphy; its history, technique and present status. II--Modern methods.

PMID- 3882364
TI  - Antibiotic therapy for treatment in relapse of intestinal Crohn's disease. A
      prospective randomized study.
AB  - We have undertaken a prospective randomized trial of one month's antimicrobial
      therapy for patients with symptomatic relapse of Crohn's disease. Criteria for
      entry included two major symptoms: fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss,
      abdominal mass or complications (excluding perianal disease); and two hematologic
      abnormalities: hemoglobin, ESR, albumin, C reactive protein, iron, or total iron
      binding capacity. Patients were monitored for the aforementioned clinical and
      hematologic (hemoglobin, albumin, CRP) parameters over six weeks and for changes
      in fecal flora. Randomization was to four groups: metronidazole alone (M),
      cotrimoxazole alone (C), metronidazole and cotrimoxazole (C plus M), or double
      placebo (P). Seventy-two patients entered the study (18 = M, 16 = C, 21 = C plus
      M, 17 = P). After two weeks, improvement was reported as follows: M = 67 percent,
      C = 17 percent, C plus M = 71 percent, P = 35 percent. In the metronidazole
      group, two patients required surgery and one had troublesome side effects. In the
      cotrimoxazole group, two had side effects. In the combined group (C plus M), four
      had troublesome side effects and two of the placebo group (P) required operation.
      By four weeks, there was no difference in response among the groups: (M = 44
      percent, C = 62 percent, C plus M = 57 percent, P = 41 percent). Antimicrobials
      had no effect on fecal flora or hematologic parameters. These results indicate
      that antimicrobials have little therapeutic potential for relapse of intestinal
      Crohn's disease.

PMID- 3882365
TI  - Perforation of the colon by ingested chicken bone, leading to diagnosis of
      carcinoma of the sigmoid.
AB  - The patient described is the first reported case of a chicken bone perforating a
      tumorous narrowing of the lumen of the colon. Although unique, it illustrates one
      mechanism of foreign-body perforation of the bowel and underscores the advantage
      for prompt examination of all operative specimens.

PMID- 3882366
TI  - Retroperitoneal abscess following sclerotherapy for hemorrhoids.
AB  - A case report of a patient who underwent submucosal injection sclerotherapy for
      hemorrhoids is presented. Subsequent necrosis of the underlying tissues produced
      a rectal perforation and retroperitoneal abscess, which necessitated emergency
      laparotomy and defunctioning colostomy. Healing of the perforation allowed later
      closure of the stoma. A brief review of the known complications of this technique
      has been made. It would appear that necrosis and perforation with abscess
      formation can be added to this list.

PMID- 3882367
TI  - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Nicholas Senn 1844-1908.
      Enterorrhaphy; its history, technique and present status. III--Recent methods.

PMID- 3882368
TI  - The role of self-monitoring of blood glucose in the routine management of
      children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - We report a double-crossover study to assess the impact of self-monitoring of
      blood glucose (SMBG) on the glycemic control of children with insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus (IDDM) on a conventional therapeutic regimen. Sixteen children
      were assigned to one of two groups--group A, period 1 (wk 1-13): urine testing
      plus SMBG; period 2 (wk 14-26): urine testing only; group B, period 1: urine
      only; period 2: urine testing plus SMBG. Frequent telephone contact was
      maintained throughout to help optimize insulin dose adjustment. At the outset,
      the two groups were similar in age, diabetes duration, and glycosylated
      hemoglobin levels (10.5 +/- 0.6% and 9.5 +/- 0.3% in groups A and B,
      respectively). No significant differences could be detected between the two
      groups at any stage of the study. There was, however, a trend toward lower mean
      blood glucose (MBG) concentration in both groups toward the end of the SMBG
      period. No complications of SMBG were noted, but compliance was a major problem
      in three children. SMBG confirmed symptoms of hypoglycemia in all children, and
      detected asymptomatic hypoglycemia (BG less than or equal to 40 mg/dl) in 11.
      Sixty-nine percent preferred SMBG to urine testing. We conclude that SMBG is an
      acceptable part of routine diabetes care in children. It is associated with very
      few complications and helps to confirm symptomatic hypoglycemia and detect
      asymptomatic hypoglycemia. However, the addition of SMBG to routine diabetes care
      does not necessarily lead to improved metabolic control.

PMID- 3882369
TI  - A clinical algorithm to determine the etiology of brittle diabetes.
AB  - Brittle diabetes is a subset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus for which
      multiple causes have been suggested. In its most severe form, brittle diabetes is
      incapacitating, preventing gainful employment and a normal lifestyle. Although
      some brittle diabetic individuals will significantly improve by intensive insulin
      therapy and education, many others remain unable to function normally because of
      recurrent episodes of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. We studied 30 incapacitated
      brittle diabetic subjects and developed an efficient algorithmic approach to
      determine the etiology of brittleness. Central to our diagnostic algorithm was
      the glucose response to 0.1 U/kg insulin administered subcutaneously and
      intravenously. If this response was normal, then psychosocial evaluations were
      completed, including psycholinguistic and health psychological testing. Other
      parameters affecting blood glucose concentration were also assessed, such as
      gastric motility, counterregulatory hormones, and, most important, patient
      compliance with prescribed regimens. However, if an "abnormal" glucose response
      to the insulin challenge tests was observed, the location of the insulin
      resistance was identified as being subcutaneous, intravascular, or at the
      peripheral tissue. Using our diagnostic algorithm, the identification of the
      etiology of brittleness in 29 of the 30 referred patients was possible. Thus, the
      purpose of an algorithmic approach to diagnosis is not only to avoid unnecessary
      testing, but also to determine the correct etiology of the brittle diabetes to
      determine appropriate therapy.

PMID- 3882370
TI  - C-Peptide responses to glucose load in maturity-onset diabetes of the young
      (MODY).
AB  - Pancreatic beta cell responses were measured in obese and nonobese maturity-onset
      diabetes of the young (MODY) patients by estimating serum immunoreactive insulin
      (IRI) and C-peptide (CP) during oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT). The serum
      CP responses were generally low in MODY patients and more pronounced in obese
      patients. The IRI responses were heterogenous; some patients had normal and
      others low responses. It was observed that in several patients there was a
      relatively higher IRI concentration in comparison with the CP values, as
      indicated by low CP and normal IRI values. This is suggestive of altered
      metabolic fates of insulin and CP in the MODY patients.

PMID- 3882372
TI  - Syringe reuse.

PMID- 3882371
TI  - Clinical experience with a new device that will simplify insulin injections.
AB  - In order to test clinically a newly developed, simple, and convenient device for
      giving multiple injections of short-acting insulin (Actrapid HM, Novo, Bagsvaerd,
      Denmark), 16 type I diabetic patients previously stabilized on intensified
      conventional therapy regimens participated in a randomized crossover study for a
      period of 6 wk. The patients used conventional syringes for injections of short
      acting insulin during one period and the new device during the other.
      Conventional syringes were used for injections of basal insulin during both
      periods. Metabolic control was assessed by twice-weekly blood glucose profiles,
      HbA1c, and the frequency of hypoglycemic reactions; no significant differences
      were found during the two treatment periods. No infections at the injection sites
      were seen. Patients' evaluation of the new device was very positive.

PMID- 3882373
TI  - Studying the causes of type I diabetes.

PMID- 3882375
TI  - Cyclosporine pharmacokinetics and blood level monitoring.
AB  - Although monitoring plasma or whole blood concentrations of cyclosporine has been
      promoted as a means of limiting toxicity while ensuring adequate
      immunosuppression, no consensus has been reached with regard to the assay, the
      specimen to be assayed, the frequency of monitoring, the therapeutic range, or
      even the necessity of monitoring cyclosporine concentrations. The failure to
      reach such a consensus can be attributed to a great extent to the complex
      pharmacokinetic profile of cyclosporine and the inconsistencies in the assay
      methodology and results used to generate is pharmacokinetic profile. This article
      places the subject of monitoring cyclosporine concentrations in perspective by
      reviewing the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine, the assay methodology, and the
      published clinical experience with blood level monitoring.

PMID- 3882374
TI  - Expression of a cloned human fibrinogen cDNA in Escherichia coli: synthesis of an
      A alpha polypeptide.
AB  - The construction of a plasmid, p166.9, for the controlled synthesis of the A
      alpha-chain of human fibrinogen in Escherichia coli is described. The plasmid
      combines the tac promoter, constructed for controlled high-level peptide
      expression, with the promoter and signal peptide codons from an E. coli plasmid
      beta-lactamase gene and a cDNA of the A alpha-chain of human fibrinogen. The tac
      promoter is repressed in lacIQ strains of E. coli and induced by isopropylthio
      beta-D-galactoside (IPTG). Protein blot analysis of lysates of cells carrying
      p166.9 demonstrates the IPTG-dependent synthesis of polypeptides which cross
      react with antisera to the A alpha-chain of human fibrinogen. The largest and
      predominant species corresponds to an apparent molecular weight of 63,000. When
      the cell growth media or cell lysates are treated with thrombin, the enzyme which
      normally releases fibrinopeptide A (FPA) from the A alpha-chain, FPA-like
      peptides are detectable by radioimmunoassay with antiserum prepared against human
      FPA. Thrombin-treated cell growth media prepared 4 hr after IPTG induction
      contained 340 ng/ml of FPA-like material; using a mass ratio of 40 for FPA to A
      alpha, this indicates that the A alpha-peptide concentration in the culture media
      is 13 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 3882376
TI  - The effect of in-line filtration on tobramycin delivery.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if the presence of an in-line 0.22 mu
      cellulose ester membrane filter would hamper the delivery of a common adult dose
      of tobramycin sulfate. Solutions of tobramycin sulfate 80 mg in 100 ml D5W were
      assayed after 30 minute infusions through unfiltered and filtered administration
      sets; solutions post-flush of filtered sets were also assayed. Assay was done by
      Emit-QST. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in the
      delivery of tobramycin sulfate, regardless of the presence of an in-line filter.
      Solutions post-flush contained about ten percent of the drug, reflecting the
      amount in solution that remained in the tubing. Since ten percent can alter
      pharmacokinetic monitoring for patient dosing, a consistent procedure for
      flushing filtered administration sets should be adopted to enhance accuracy of
      such determinations.

PMID- 3882377
TI  - Systemic side effects associated with the ophthalmic administration of timolol.
AB  - Since the introduction of ophthalmic timolol solution in 1978 there have been
      numerous reports of systemic toxicity associated with its use. The majority of
      the systemic side effects reported are the same as those associated with oral
      timolol. Several cases of respiratory distress have been described generally in
      patients with underlying restrictive airway disease. Cardiovascular effects range
      from effects on resting pulse rate to the development of overt bradycardia and
      heart failure. Central nervous system effects reported include fatigue,
      confusion, depression, and hallucinations. A variety of other systemic effects
      have also been described. Caution should be used when ophthalmic timolol is
      administered to elderly patients or those patients with contraindications to
      systemic beta-blockers.

PMID- 3882378
TI  - Cyclosporine.
AB  - Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant used to prevent the rejection of
      transplanted kidneys, hearts, and livers. Cyclosporine suppresses T-lymphocyte
      function without causing myelosuppression, and its pharmacokinetics are highly
      variable. Compared with conventional immunosuppressive drug therapy, both patient
      and graft survival improved in patients treated with cyclosporine. Patients
      treated with cyclosporine also had less complicated hospital courses than
      patients receiving conventional immunosuppressants. The adverse effects from
      cyclosporine are reversible but include nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity,
      malignancies, hirsutism, and minor neurologic complications. Intravenous
      cyclosporine doses range from 2-9 mg/kg/d and oral doses range from 10-50
      mg/kg/d; the dosage should be individualized based on the clinical status of the
      patient as well as blood concentrations of the drug. Monitoring cyclosporine
      blood concentrations is necessary in the postoperative management of transplant
      patients. Cyclosporine has contributed to the improved success of transplantation
      and the recognition of transplantation as a new therapeutic option for several
      diseases.

PMID- 3882379
TI  - [Sonography of the neck in hypercalcemic crisis].
AB  - In hypercalcaemic crisis sonographic identification of an enlarged parathyroid
      permits the indication for parathyroidectomy. This is particularly important as
      determination of the parathormone concentration to find out the cause of
      hypercalcaemia takes too long and thus delays diagnosis and therapy. In two
      patients with symptoms of crisis successful parathyroidectomy was performed
      solely on the basis of a raised serum calcium concentration and a sonographically
      proven enlarged parathyroid.

PMID- 3882380
TI  - [A trichlormethiazide-amiloride combination in essential hypertension].
AB  - Following a placebo period of 2 weeks 39 patients with essential hypertension
      were given during 4 weeks a combination of 2 mg trichlormethiazide and 2 mg
      amiloride (Esmalorid). If the blood pressure was adequately reduced treatment was
      continued for a further 4 weeks; if not, a double dose was dispensed during the
      second 4-week period. Patients with a diastolic blood pressure under 90 mm Hg
      after 8 weeks when treated with a 1 mg dose, were subsequently treated with a 1
      mg dose for a period of 3 months. After 8 weeks of treatment mean systolic blood
      pressure was reduced from 167 +/- 17 mm Hg to 151 +/- 19 mm Hg (sitting) and from
      163 +/- 15 mm Hg to 148 +/- 18 mm Hg (standing), while mean diastolic blood
      pressure was decreased from 104 +/- 6 mm Hg to 93 +/- 8 mm Hg (sitting) and from
      105 +/- 6 mm Hg to 94 +/- 8 mm Hg (standing). In 29 patients diastolic blood
      pressure had dropped to values under 95 mm Hg. Serum potassium remained constant
      during the treatment except for three patients with values outside the normal
      range (3.3, 3.4 and 5.2 mmol/l). The other serum electrolytes, glucose,
      creatinine, blood lipids, transaminases, hemogram, as well as body weight and
      heart rate remained unchanged. Two patients complained of side effects and did
      not complete the study. All other patients tolerated the treatment well.

PMID- 3882381
TI  - [Demonstration of aortocoronary venous bypasses using digital subtraction
      angiography].
AB  - In 43 patients with a total of 86 aortocoronary bypass grafts digital subtraction
      angiography was employed in the early post-operative period. Contrast injection
      into the aortic root allowed in all instances a definitive answer whether the
      aortocoronary bypass was free or obstructed. The method makes it possible also to
      assess distal anastomoses and their connected coronary vascular bed.

PMID- 3882382
TI  - [Sonography in the diagnosis of pyelonephritis scars].
AB  - Radiological and ultrasound examinations were performed in 34 women with
      recurrent urinary tract infection, as part of a prospective study of
      pyelonephritis. Ultrasound was found to be valuable in the recognition of new
      pyelonephritic scars and for screening. In assessing ultrasound and radiological
      findings the criteria of Hodson are equally valuable in differential diagnosis.
      Taking into account radiation exposure, ultrasound should not replace intravenous
      urography in this field, but if regular serial examinations are necessary it can
      be used alternately with urography.

PMID- 3882383
TI  - [Possibilities for the use of micromanipulation on bovine embryos under field
      conditions].

PMID- 3882384
TI  - [Results of bovine embryo transfer in Nueckel/Bremerhaven 1983/84].

PMID- 3882385
TI  - [Short-time in vitro insemination of rabbit oocytes collected in vivo and
      autologous transfer].

PMID- 3882386
TI  - [In vitro fertilization and further development of deep-frozen/thawed mouse
      oocytes].

PMID- 3882387
TI  - [Immunoglobulin absorption in calves following administration of colostrum by
      probang in comparison to spontaneous intake].

PMID- 3882388
TI  - [Calving interval as a function of production and age].

PMID- 3882389
TI  - [Selection of bulls fit for potential insemination with special reference to
      their sires and herds of origin].

PMID- 3882390
TI  - Flecainide. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic properties and
      therapeutic efficacy.
AB  - Flecainide is a Class I antiarrhythmic drug of the local anaesthetic type. It can
      be given either intravenously or orally and its pharmacokinetic properties allow
      relatively long (12 hours) dosing intervals with oral administration. In several
      open and a few controlled therapeutic trials, orally administered flecainide has
      brought about a greater than 90% suppression of ventricular ectopic beats in
      about 80% of patients. A similar percentage of patients (83%) experienced at
      least an 80% suppression of their ventricular tachycardia in these trials. A
      slightly greater response rate was reported with intravenous infusion of
      flecainide. Initial results in arrhythmias complicating the Wolff-Parkinson-White
      syndrome have been favourable. Comparative trials are few in number but
      flecainide has proved to be more effective than quinidine, and possibly more
      effective than disopyramide, mexiletine, tocainide and propafenone, in
      suppressing ventricular ectopic activity. The most commonly reported extracardiac
      adverse effects have been dizziness and visual disturbances. Proarrhythmic
      effects have been reported in 7 to 8% of patients, with a higher incidence in
      patients with serious ventricular tachycardia and reduced myocardial function.
      The moderate negative inotropic effects of flecainide can become clinically
      significant in patients with impaired ventricular function. Thus flecainide, with
      its convenient dose schedule and apparently low incidence of serious side
      effects, would appear to be a useful addition to the antiarrhythmic agents
      available. Further studies are needed though, to confirm its long term
      tolerability when used prophylactically.

PMID- 3882392
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at an international symposium on the role of beta
      blockade in acute myocardial ischaemia and infarction, Rome, October 29-30, 1984.

PMID- 3882393
TI  - Anatomic abnormalities of the pediatric airway.

PMID- 3882394
TI  - Stimulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in intact rat adipocytes by
      insulin mediator from rat skeletal muscle.
AB  - This study compared the effects of insulin and insulin mediator from skeletal
      muscle of control and insulin-treated rats on intact adipocyte pyruvate
      dehydrogenase. Increasing insulin concentrations stimulated pyruvate
      dehydrogenase activity in a biphasic manner with a maximal stimulation at 100
      microU/ml which was 2-fold and sustained for up to 1 h. The mediators from
      control or insulin-treated rats also stimulated pyruvate dehydrogenase of intact
      adipocytes with the effect increasing in a linear manner up to a 1:10 final
      dilution. The latter mediator had twice the stimulatory activity as the former.
      Peak stimulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase by the mediators was attained within
      10 min of incubation. The enzyme activity rapidly declined thereafter, with the
      stimulation by mediator from control rats decreasing at a faster rate than that
      due to mediator from insulin-treated rats. The stimulatory effect of the
      mediators on adipocyte pyruvate dehydrogenase was found to be additive to that of
      insulin. This study demonstrates: 1) that insulin mediator can act on
      mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase of intact, functional adipocytes as it does
      on isolated intact or broken mitochondria; 2) that the mediator is degraded by
      the adipocyte; and 3) that the amount of mediator generated by insulin probably
      limits the stimulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase by insulin. These findings
      further substantiate the physiological relevance of this putative insulin second
      messenger.

PMID- 3882391
TI  - Diuretics. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use (Part I).
AB  - 25 years have elapsed since the introduction of the first effective oral
      diuretic, chlorothiazide. Diuretics are now amongst the most widely prescribed
      drugs in clinical practice worldwide. Availability of these drugs has not only
      brought therapeutic benefit to countless numbers of patients but it has at the
      same time provided valuable research tools with which to investigate the
      functional behaviour of the kidney and other electrolyte-transporting tissues.
      Despite many remaining gaps in our knowledge of the biochemical processes
      involved in diuretic drug action, available compounds can be divided into 5
      groups on the basis of their preferential effects on different segments of the
      nephron involved in tubular reabsorption of sodium chloride and water. Firstly,
      there is heterogeneous group of chemicals that share the common property of
      powerful, short-lived diuretic effects that are complete within 4 to 6 hours.
      These agents act on the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop and are known as
      'high ceiling' or 'loop' diuretics. The second group are the benzothiadiazines
      and their many related heterocyclic variants, all of which localise their effects
      to the early portion of the distal tubule. The third group comprises the
      potassium-sparing diuretics which act exclusively on the Na+-K+/H+ exchange
      mechanisms in the late distal tubule and cortical collecting duct. The action of
      drugs in groups 2 and 3 is prolonged to between 12 and 24 hours. The fourth group
      consists of diuretics that are chemically related to ethacrynic acid but have the
      unusual property of combining within the same molecule the property of saluresis
      and uricosuria. These compounds have actions, to different individual extents, in
      the proximal tubule, thick ascending limb, and early distal tubule and are known
      as 'polyvalent' diuretics. Finally, there is a mixed group of weak or adjunctive
      diuretics which includes the vasodilator xanthines such as aminophylline, and the
      osmotically active compounds such as mannitol. Available evidence on the
      molecular mechanisms of action of diuretics in each group is reviewed. The
      haemodynamic, humoral and physical factors involved in control of electrolyte and
      fluid handling by the kidney in normal conditions and pathological states are
      discussed in relation to rational choices of different diuretics in the treatment
      of various oedematous and non-oedematous conditions.

PMID- 3882395
TI  - Endocrine profile of pregnancy in the patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas).
AB  - Spontaneous toxemia occurs in approximately 6% of pregnancies in patas monkeys
      (Erythrocebus patas). To assess further the relevance of this animal as a model
      system for toxemia of pregnancy in humans, we characterized the endocrine profile
      of the patas pregnancy by analyzing weekly blood samples for estrone, estradiol,
      estriol, progesterone, aldosterone, and PRA throughout gestation. The profiles
      obtained bear striking resemblance to those described for human pregnancy, an
      unexpected finding since the patas monkey is not a higher hominoid. We conclude
      that the patas monkey may provide a model of toxemia relevant to study of the
      human disorder and is superior to other animal models which require surgical
      manipulation and are characterized by secondary hyperreninemia.

PMID- 3882396
TI  - Ontogeny of immunoreactive insulin in the fetal bovine pancreas.
AB  - The aim of this study was to characterize the development of immunoreactive
      insulin (IRI) in the fetal bovine pancreas. Pancreatic IRI was acid extracted,
      and both pancreatic and serum IRI were quantitated by RIA. The amount of
      pancreatic IRI per wet tissue wt in first trimester fetuses was similar to that
      in the adult animal (8.2 +/- 0.7 and 5.9 +/- 1.7 U/g pancreas, respectively). IRI
      increased progressively during gestation, attaining 39.2 +/- 6.5 U/g pancreas in
      the third trimester, 7-fold higher than that in the adult. When pancreatic IRI
      concentrations were standardized for protein content of the extracts, a decrease
      was noted between the midsecond and third trimesters. This is most likely the
      result of dilution of the endocrine portion of the pancreas by the rapidly
      growing exocrine pancreas. IRI was also detectable in fetal sera from all three
      trimesters. In contrast to the profile for pancreatic concentrations of IRI,
      serum concentrations remained constant throughout gestation at approximately 20
      microU/ml. Poly(A+)RNA was isolated from adult and fetal pancreata, and the
      relative levels of preproinsulin mRNA were assessed by DNA/RNA filter
      hybridization. There was a 2- to 3-fold increase in the relative level of
      preproinsulin mRNA in fetal pancreata between the first and second trimesters
      which was maintained through the third trimester. In the adult pancreas,
      preproinsulin mRNA levels were similar to those in the first trimester fetus.
      This profile for the ontogeny of pancreatic preproinsulin mRNA was similar to
      that for pancreatic IRI (units per pancreas) during fetal maturation. We conclude
      that in the bovine fetus: the endocrine pancreas synthesizes IRI during all three
      trimesters of development; pancreatic (units per g pancreas), but not serum,
      concentrations of IRI increase progressively as development proceeds; and the
      ontogeny of preproinsulin mRNA is paralleled by that of pancreatic IRI (units per
      pancreas).

PMID- 3882397
TI  - Insulin binding and action on bovine adipocytes.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to determine whether bovine adipocytes could
      bind and respond to insulin. Adipose tissue from young bulls showed little
      response to physiological and higher concentrations of insulin over a 3-h
      incubation. In contrast, insulin did stimulate glucose uptake during prolonged
      incubations and also increased the activity of pyruvate kinase; in each case,
      half-maximum stimulation was observed with concentrations of about 0.5 ng/ml.
      Specific binding of [125I] iodoinsulin to bovine adipocytes was observed; the
      binding capacity was greater than that of young female rats determined under the
      same conditions. Bovine adipocytes internalized insulin. Incubation of bovine
      adipocytes with insulin resulted in a concentration-dependent loss of insulin
      receptors from the adipocyte surface. In summary, bovine adipocytes possess the
      capacity to both bind and respond to insulin; these findings are discussed in
      relation to a recent report to the contrary.

PMID- 3882398
TI  - Characterization of dopamine and estrogen interaction on primate prolactin
      secretion with pituitary cells cultured on extracellular matrix and with
      pituitary stalk-transected monkeys.
AB  - To determine the direct effects of estrogen and dopamine on primate PRL
      secretion, cultures of dispersed monkey pituitary cells were maintained in serum
      free medium on an extracellular matrix secreted by bovine corneal endothelial
      cells, and female monkeys with pituitary stalk-transections were prepared.
      Dispersed pituitary cells from male and female monkeys were cultured in a 1:1
      mixture of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium H-16 and Ham's F-12 medium
      containing insulin, transferrin, selenium, and cadmium with or without 10.0 nM
      estradiol. When possible, a sister culture was established in 10% charcoal
      treated fetal calf serum with or without estrogen. On days 4, 8, and 12 after
      plating, the incubation medium was replaced with identical medium containing
      increasing concentrations of dopamine with ascorbate for 6 h. Medium PRL
      concentrations were determined by RIA. Half-maximal inhibition (IC50) of PRL
      secretion occurred at about 10.0 nM dopamine with all treatments. Dopamine
      suppressed PRL secretion to a greater extent on day 4 when estrogen was present
      in the serum-free medium. There was no difference in the percent inhibition of
      PRL on days 8 and 12, as the serum-free cultures without estrogen appeared to
      increase in sensitivity. In cultures maintained in 10% charcoal-treated serum,
      estrogen had little effect on the dose-response inhibition of PRL on days 4 and
      8, but by day 12, there was significantly less inhibition at the higher doses of
      dopamine. Dopamine infusion in pituitary stalk-transected (SS) monkeys caused a
      dose-related inhibition of PRL secretion. Serum PRL levels decreased 80% with 100
      nM dopamine, and the IC50 occurred with 10 nM dopamine. In SS monkeys receiving 2
      months of estrogen treatment, dopamine infusion inhibited PRL secretion to a
      greater extent at the lowest dose of dopamine, although the IC50 did not change.
      These experiments suggest that estrogen does not decrease the effectiveness of
      dopamine as an inhibitor of PRL secretion in SS monkeys or from primate pituitary
      cells cultured for 12 days in serum-free medium. Extended maintenance of cells in
      medium containing serum may alter this response to dopamine.

PMID- 3882399
TI  - Characterization of insulin-degrading activity of intact and subcellular
      components of human fibroblasts.
AB  - We have studied insulin degrading activity (IDA) in cultured human fibroblasts
      and assessed the effect of various inhibitors of insulin processing on IDA. To
      evaluate the role of three enzymes of insulin degradation (neutral protease,
      microsomal glutathione insulin transhydrogenase, and lysosomal acid protease), we
      subfractionated homogenized fibroblasts into membrane (and nuclei) cytosol,
      mitochondria, microsomes, and lysosomes. Greater than 90% of IDA was found to be
      present in the cytosolar fraction containing neutral protease. IDA in intact
      fibroblasts was completely inhibited by 1 mM N-ethylmaleimide and partially by
      0.5 mM dansylcadaverine (75%), 0.5 mM chloroquine (48%), 1 mg/ml bacitracin (32%)
      and Trasylol (30%). Lidocaine (5 mM) and glucagon (10(-6)M) exhibited about 15%
      inhibition with minimal inhibition (7%) by nonsuppressible insulin-like activity.
      Study of similar inhibitors on subfractionated components indicated inhibition of
      cytosolar enzyme by N-ethylmaleimide (100%), glucagon (30%), chloroquine (41%),
      nonsuppressible insulin-like activity (30%), Lidocaine (25%), dansylcadaverine
      (16%), and bacitracin (11%). Incubation of ammonium sulfate-fractionated
      cytosolar enzyme at 37 C with A14-125I-insulin resulted in generation of two
      intermediate peaks as early as 1 min. These peaks could be identified by HPLC but
      not by molecular sieve chromatography. These intermediates exhibited less
      immunoprecipitability with antiinsulin antibody and receptor binding with liver
      membrane preparations than intact insulin. Further incubation of A14-125I-insulin
      with the cytosolar enzyme(s) resulted in reduction of these peaks as well as
      insulin and formation of 125Iodotyrosine peak. We conclude that human fibroblast
      is capable of metabolizing cell-associated A14-125I-insulin in a time- and
      temperature-dependent manner. This process is inhibited by various inhibitors of
      insulin processing. The bulk of IDA consists of soluble neutral protease(s) with
      properties similar to other more purified neutral insulin protease preparations.
      This fraction, similar to the intact fibroblast degrades insulin to two
      intermediates with similar molecular weight to that of intact insulin but with
      more hydrophilicity and less binding affinity to antiinsulin antibody and liver
      membrane than intact insulin.

PMID- 3882400
TI  - Effect of insulin treatment of hypophysectomized rats on adipose tissue
      responsiveness to insulin and growth hormone.
AB  - The effects of insulin treatment and dietary glucose on the responsiveness of
      adipose tissue to insulin and GH after hypophysectomy were studied. Male rats,
      130-150 g, were hypophysectomized. Glucose metabolism was measured by determining
      the production of CO2 from [14C]glucose and the incorporation of glucose into
      lipids in the epididymal fat pad. Basal levels of glucose oxidation as well as
      the response to insulin were markedly decreased 7 days after hypophysectomy. In
      hypophysectomized animals given drinking water containing 10% glucose, insulin
      responsiveness was partially restored, and an enhanced response to the insulin
      like effect of GH was observed. Plasma insulin levels decreased after
      hypophysectomy. Additional glucose caused a significant increase in plasma
      insulin levels, but these levels were still lower than those in sham-operated
      animals. To examine the possibility that endogenous insulin levels are important
      for the capacity of adipose tissue to metabolize glucose and respond to insulin
      and GH, hypophysectomized rats were injected with different, progressively
      increasing doses of insulin for 7 days, beginning on the day after the operation.
      Basal levels of glucose oxidation were decreased in hypophysectomized control
      animals and gradually increased in a dose-dependent manner in insulin-treated
      animals. Basal levels were normalized when the total dose of insulin injected was
      16.5 U. In these animals, the response to insulin was enhanced, and there was an
      increase in the magnitude of the response to GH. Similar results were obtained
      when glucose incorporation into lipids was determined. The decrease in basal and
      insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation levels after hypophysectomy were most
      pronounced when measured at a high glucose concentration (50 mM), when glucose
      transport is not rate limiting. The results indicate that the changes in glucose
      metabolism and hormonal responsiveness of adipose tissue after hypophysectomy
      are, at least in part, dependent upon the decrease in endogenous insulin levels.

PMID- 3882401
TI  - The influence of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I on hexose transport by
      Sertoli cells.
AB  - Insulin stimulates the synthesis of lactate by cultured Sertoli cells prepared
      from rats aged 13 days, to a much greater extent if glucose is present in the
      incubation medium than when it is absent. Insulin also stimulates the transport
      of 3-O-methyl-D-[14 C]glucose into cultured Sertoli cells. This increased
      transport results from a decrease in the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of
      methylglucose for the transport system without change in maximum velocity (Vmax).
      Moreover, insulin stimulates influx of the glucose analog and is without effect
      on efflux. Insulin does not alter transport of methylglucose in peritubular
      fibroblasts or in mixed populations of germ cells. It was observed that whereas
      insulin stimulates transport of methylglucose at micromolar concentrations,
      insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) exerts the same effect at nanomolar
      (physiological) concentrations. Moreover, the response to insulin plus IGF I is
      the same as the maximal responses to either hormone alone. In view of the effects
      of insulin and IGF I on glucose transport by Sertoli cells and in view of the
      importance of lactate as a substrate for germ cells, it is suggested that IGF I
      may be important for the development of normal germinal epithelium in rat testes.

PMID- 3882402
TI  - Insulin binding, glucose oxidation, and methylglucose transport in isolated
      adipocytes from pregnant rats near term.
AB  - To elucidate the mechanism of insulin resistance during late pregnancy, we
      studied [125I]iodoinsulin binding, [1-14C]glucose oxidation, and 3-O-[methyl
      14C]glucose transport in adipocytes isolated from pregnant rats on day 19 or 20
      of gestation. Neither the affinity or number of insulin receptors on pregnant rat
      adipocytes differed from those on age-matched nonpregnant female rats. Insulin
      stimulated glucose oxidation was reduced in the pregnant rat adipocytes. The
      maximum velocity of insulin-stimulated methylglucose transport was also
      significantly reduced in the pregnant rat adipocytes. These results suggest that
      insulin resistance in isolated adipocytes from pregnant rats near term is caused
      by some postreceptor changes, one of which is a reduction in the number and/or
      mobility of insulin-stimulated hexose transporters.

PMID- 3882403
TI  - Trophic actions of human somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor I on ovarian
      cells: in vitro studies with swine granulosa cells.
AB  - We have investigated the responsiveness of swine granulosa cells to somatomedin
      C/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) under serum-free conditions in vitro.
      Somatomedin C/IGF I (greater than 80% pure) exerted dose-dependent stimulatory
      effects on the production of progesterone and its reduced metabolite, 20 alpha
      hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one. A 50-fold stimulation of progesterone production could
      be observed after 48-96 h of hormone treatment. These effects were not mimicked
      by platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth
      factor, desoctapeptide insulin, or porcine relaxin. The stimulatory action of
      somatomedin C/IGF I was not attributable to changes in cell protein or DNA
      content or cell number and reflected enhanced steroidogenesis per se rather than
      simply release of stored progesterone. In addition, augmented progesterone
      production was accompanied by increased biosynthesis of its precursor,
      pregnenolone, measured in the presence of trilostane to block 3 beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Moreover, somatomedin C/IGF I enhanced
      progesterone biosynthesis in response to a maximally effective concentration of
      the soluble sterol substrate for side-chain cleavage, 25-hydroxycholesterol,
      suggesting that somatomedin C increases the effective activity of the
      mitochondrial cholesterol side-chain cleavage system. The stimulatory effects of
      somatomedin C/IGF I were inhibited by cycloheximide and actinomycin D, indicating
      that protein and RNA synthesis are required for the full expression of
      somatomedin C's differentiative effects. The physiological importance of such
      trophic actions was suggested by the capacity of nanomolar concentrations of
      somatomedin C/IGF I to augment progesterone production further in the presence of
      maximally stimulating concentrations of 8-bromo-cAMP or estradiol. In addition,
      equilibrium competition curves and saturation analysis of [125I]somatomedin C/IGF
      I binding revealed high affinity [dissociation constant (Kd) approximately 0.69
      nM], low capacity (0.57 pmol somatomedin C bound/mg DNA) receptor sites on swine
      granulosa cells. [125I]Somatomedin C/IGF I binding was highly specific in that
      multiplication stimulating activity, porcine insulin, desoctapeptide insulin, and
      insulin-receptor antisera competed only sparingly for these binding sites. In
      summary, human somatomedin C/IGF I exerts potent and specific differentiative
      effects on swine granulosa cells cultured under serum-free conditions in
      vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3882404
TI  - Fetal rat hyperinsulinism and hyperglucagonism: effects on hepatic ketogenesis,
      lipogenesis, and gluconeogenesis.
AB  - To study the direct effects of hyperglucagonism and hyperinsulinism (both with
      glucose excess) on fetal intermediary metabolism, rat liver explants from 19-day
      gestated fetuses were maintained in culture for 48 h. The liver cubes were
      exposed to 0, 250, or 500 mU/ml porcine insulin or 5 micrograms/ml glucagon. In
      addition, lipogenesis from 3H2O was cumulated throughout the 48 h. Chronic
      hyperinsulinism in the fetal rat doubled hepatic lipogenesis and curtailed
      hepatic gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis by 80% and 50%, respectively. Chronic
      hyperglucagonism was without effect; however, the fetal liver did yet respond to
      1 mM (Bu)2cAMP.

PMID- 3882405
TI  - Maintenance of prolactin (PRL) binding sites in rat liver cells in suspension
      culture: effect of PRL and of inhibitors of various cellular functions.
AB  - An in vitro method to study the regulation of PRL receptors has been established
      using adult rat liver cells cultured in a continuous suspension in L-15 medium.
      PRL binding averaged 28.2 +/- 1.8% of the added labeled hormone per 10(6) cells
      in freshly isolated liver cells prepared from female rats treated with 17 beta
      estradiol. When these cells were incubated at 37 C, binding rapidly declined by
      50% at 10 h and 90% at 48 h. This rapid decline could be counteracted by the
      inclusion of ovine PRL (50 nM), which maintained initial PRL receptor levels up
      to 48 h of culture. Higher concentrations of PRL (2.5 microM) induced a rapid
      down-regulation, apparent at 2 and 10 h of culture. Cycloheximide (50
      micrograms/ml) induced a slight diminution of control PRL receptor levels and
      partially reversed the effect of 50 nM PRL. Approximately 60% of the PRL
      receptors were resistant to the effect of cycloheximide. On the other hand,
      actinomycin D (10 micrograms/ml) had no effect on PRL receptor levels in control
      and only a very slight effect in PRL-treated cells. Dinitrophenol, which blocks
      metabolic oxidation, also partially reversed the effect of 50 nM PRL although it
      was without any significant effect on control levels. Chloroquine (100 microM)
      and colchicine (1 microM) failed to alter PRL binding either in the absence or
      presence of 50 nM PRL. Our results suggest that the existence of regulatory
      factors occurring in vivo, which are absent in the culture medium, could be
      responsible for the decline in PRL receptor levels in the control hepatocytes.
      PRL itself could be one of these factors. On the other hand, and in agreement
      with the putative actions of the drugs utilized, the mechanism of the PRL-induced
      maintenance of receptor levels appears to lie in part with an effect on receptor
      synthesis at the translational (ribsomal) level but to be independent of the
      internalization or of lysosomal degradation.

PMID- 3882406
TI  - Enumeration of lactotropes and somatotropes among male and female pituitary cells
      in culture: evidence in favor of a mammosomatotrope subpopulation in the rat.
AB  - The hemolytic plaque assay technique can be used to detect specific hormone
      release from single pituitary cells. Using antisera raised against murine GH or
      rat PRL, we have enumerated the active lactotropes and somatotropes from male and
      female rat pituitary glands. These studies reveal sex-related differences in the
      number of cells exporting GH and PRL among anterior pituitary cells in culture.
      In the presence of human GH-releasing factor (hGRF), the mean percentage of GH
      cells was 53% in males and 30% in females (P less than 0.005). The mean
      percentage of PRL cells was 15% in males and 39% in females (P less than 0.008).
      These values were not significantly altered when hGRF was omitted. The sum of GH
      and PRL cells identified in separate plaque assays significantly exceeds the
      number obtained when GH and PRL cells were determined concurrently with a
      simultaneous plaque assay for both hormones. This difference is dependent on the
      presence of hGRF, since there was no difference when hGRF was omitted. These data
      identify the mammosomatotrope in numbers lower than previous reports. By this
      approach, the mammosomatotrope subpopulation numbers about 5% of all cells in
      culture. In summary, we demonstrate a sex-related difference in the number of
      cells exporting GH or PRL among pituitary cells in culture. This difference
      corresponds with and may underly sex-related differences in the responsiveness of
      GH and PRL secretion from the pituitary gland. Furthermore, a minor subpopulation
      of normal pituitary cells appears capable of simultaneous secretion of both GH
      and PRL.

PMID- 3882407
TI  - Effect of chronic administration of deoxycorticosterone acetate on salt appetite
      of captopril-treated rats.
AB  - Chronic dietary administration of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor,
      captopril (1.0 g/kg food), induced an appetite for 0.15 M NaCl solution relative
      to distilled water in a two-bottle ad libitum access paradigm. Graded doses of
      deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) were administered to the captopril-treated
      rats via Silastic tubes implanted sc. A U-shaped dose-response relationship was
      observed between dose of DOCA and intake of 0.15 M NaCl solution. The lowest
      intake of NaCl occurred with a dose of 102.1 micrograms DOCA/day (333
      micrograms/kg X day). Water and food intakes were not affected significantly. At
      the end of the first week of treatment with DOCA, pilocarpine (3.0 mg/kg, ip.)
      stimulated salivary chloride concentration was measured. The relationship between
      salivary chloride concentration and mean intake of 0.15 M NaCl solution was also
      U shaped, with the minimal NaCl intake associated with a salivary chloride
      concentration of 54 meq/liter. During the second week of treatment with DOCA, all
      rats were offered a choice between 0.25 M NaCl solution and distilled water. Rats
      receiving DOCA at doses of 102.1 micrograms/day or greater had a significantly
      lower intake of NaCl solution than those receiving either captopril alone or 66.5
      micrograms DOCA/day in combination with captopril. These results indicate that
      the appetite for NaCl solution induced by captopril can be inhibited by
      concurrent administration of DOCA. They also suggest that changes in the
      concentration of electrolytes in saliva may be associated with changes in the
      appetite for NaCl solution.

PMID- 3882408
TI  - Soluble metalloendopeptidase from rat brain: action on enkephalin-containing
      peptides and other bioactive peptides.
AB  - A soluble metalloendopeptidase identified in rat brain, preferentially cleaves
      bonds in peptides having hydrophobic amino acid residues in the P1, P2, and P3'
      positions. (The nomenclature of T. Schechter and A. Berger is used to describe
      the interaction between enzyme and substrate. The amino acid residues in the
      substrate are designated as P1, P2, P3 etc. in the N-terminal direction and P1',
      P2', P3' etc. in the C-terminal direction from the bond undergoing cleavage. The
      corresponding subsites in the enzyme are identified by the letter S.) The
      degradation of a series of biologically active peptides and their affinity toward
      the enzyme was studied. Dynorphin-(1-8), alpha-neo-endorphin, and beta-neo
      endorphin are rapidly hydrolyzed to form leu-enkephalin, whereas bovine adrenal
      medulla dodecapeptide is hydrolyzed to form met-enkephalin. The enzyme, however,
      does not cleave a larger precursor molecule of metenkephalin, such as bovine
      adrenal medulla docosapeptide. Several other bioactive peptides are also cleaved
      at sites consistent with our previously reported specificity studies. Met- and
      leu-enkephalin are resistant to hydrolysis. The binding affinity [as expressed by
      inhibitory constant (Ki) or Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values] of several
      bioactive peptides such as dynorphin-(1-8), beta-neo-endorphin, neurotensin,
      angiotensin I, and bradykinin was found to be in the micromolar range. These
      peptides were also rapidly hydrolyzed by the enzyme, showing, as a result, high
      specificity constants (kcat/Km values). The highest enzyme activity was found in
      brain, testis, and in the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary, while
      the activity in such tissues as spleen, liver, kidney, lung, adrenals, and
      thyroid amounted to only 10-20% of that found in brain. This distribution of
      enzyme activity, together with its preference for oligopeptides as substrates,
      its ability to generate leu- and met-enkephalin from several larger peptide
      precursors, and its affinity toward several other bioactive peptides, suggests
      that the enzyme functions in the metabolism of neuropeptides.

PMID- 3882409
TI  - Lactogenic hormones stimulate the liver to secrete a factor that acts
      synergistically with prolactin to promote growth of the pigeon crop-sac mucosal
      epithelium in vivo.
AB  - We have investigated whether the liver is a source of a PRL-synergizing activity
      (i.e. synlactin) and we have obtained some information on endocrine control of
      its secretion. Livers were removed from 3-month-old Long-Evans rats (male,
      virgin, pregnant, or lactating female) or from virgin females that were injected
      with saline, bovine GH, or ovine PRL for 7 days, and hepatic slices were prepared
      for in vitro incubation in medium 199. The media were tested for synlactin
      activity by determining whether they could augment the pigeon crop-sac response
      to locally injected ovine PRL. Only the media containing factors from the liver
      of pregnant or lactating females and PRL-injected virgins had significant
      synlactin activity. They augmented the crop-sac mucosal growth response by 130%,
      140%, and 103%, respectively. Medium in which slices of kidney from virgin or
      pregnant rats were incubated did not have detectable synlactin activity. The
      medium samples that had synlactin activity were also tested for the presence of
      bioactive (crop-sac assay) and immunoreactive (RIA) rat PRL, and none had
      detectable amounts of the hormone. Hence, the augmenting effect is not due to PRL
      that is sequestered in and released by the liver. The levels of insulin-like
      growth factor I/somatomedin-C in medium samples that did or did not have
      synlactin activity (from pregnant and virgin females, respectively) were measured
      by RIA and were found to be equivalent. Hence, synlactin activity is probably not
      due to insulin-like growth factor I. Overall, our results indicate that
      lactogenic hormones (i.e. pituitary PRL, and presumably placental lactogens in
      the pregnant rats) stimulate the liver to secrete synlactin activity. The hepatic
      PRL receptors which increase in number in pregnant females may be involved in the
      secretion of synlactin, which could then act in concert with ovarian steroids and
      GH and/or PRL to promote mammary growth.

PMID- 3882410
TI  - Changes in the pulsatile pattern of luteinizing hormone secretion during the rat
      estrous cycle.
AB  - To ascertain whether changes in the pattern of GnRH release from the hypothalmus
      occur during the 4-day rat estrous cycle, the pattern of LH release was
      characterized on each day of the estrous cycle, and the results were interpreted
      in light of the changes in pituitary responsiveness to GnRH previously described
      by this laboratory to occur during this time. Blood samples were taken from
      intact, freely moving rats via venous catheters at 6- to 10-min intervals for 3-4
      h. LH pulse height and LH interpulse interval were quantified on each day of the
      cycle, and the transition on the afternoon of proestrus from tonic LH release to
      the preovulatory LH surge was detailed. The effects on the pattern of LH release
      during estrus of small doses of GnRH (0.4 ng) and the continuous infusion of the
      opioid antagonist naloxone were also examined. Plasma LH concentrations (NIAMDD
      rat LH-RP-1) were determined with a highly sensitive LH RIA. LH pulses were
      identified using the PULSAR algorithim. The LH interpulse intervals of 46 +/- 2
      min on diestrous-1 day, 49 +/- 4 min on diestrous day 2, and 60 +/- 8 min on
      proestrus immediately before the LH surge were not significantly different. There
      were no changes immediately preceding the preovulatory LH surge on the afternoon
      of proestrus in either the LH interpulse interval or the LH pulse height.
      Instead, the transition from tonic LH secretion to the preovulatory LH surge was
      found to occur abruptly. These data suggest that an abrupt increase in GnRH
      secretion during the afternoon of proestrus initiates the dramatic rise in LH
      concentrations. The pattern of LH secretion during the day of estrus differed
      significantly from that on the other days of the cycle in that no LH pulses were
      observed. However, the administration of small pulses of GnRH elicited
      physiological elevations in LH release. Furthermore, the continuous infusion of
      naloxone to estrous rats immediately stimulated a pulsatile pattern of LH
      secretion, with a LH interpulse of 56 +/- 4 min. These data indicate that the
      absence of LH pulses during estrus may result from a deficit in GnRH release.
      Similar modifications in GnRH release during the other days of the cycle were
      inferred from the observed changes in LH pulse heights. The LH pulse height of 21
      +/- 3 ng/ml on diestrous day 2 was significantly less than the LH pulse height of
      41 +/- 4 ng/ml on diestrous day 1 or 35 +/- 4 ng/ml on proestrus before the
      surge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3882411
TI  - Nonmammalian growth hormones have diabetogenic and insulin-like activities.
AB  - Purified GHs isolated from ostrich, sea turtle, snapping turtle, bullfrog,
      Tilapia, and sturgeon were tested for in vivo diabetogenic activity in the
      hereditarily obese ob/ob mouse and for in vitro insulin-like activity in isolated
      adipose tissue from hypophysectomized rats. GHs from all species exhibited
      significant diabetogenic activity, causing fasting hyperglycemia and decreased
      glucose tolerance when administered at doses of 100 micrograms/day (ostrich,
      bullfrog, and sturgeon) or 200 micrograms/day (sea turtle, snapping turtle, and
      Tilapia) for 3 days. Similar responses were obtained when purified human GH was
      administered at a dose of 10 micrograms/day for 3 days. GHs from most species
      also exhibited significant insulin-like activity, stimulating increased [14
      C]glucose oxidation to 14CO2 by isolated adipose tissue from hypophysectomized
      rats when employed at concentrations of 50 nM (bullfrog), 250 nM (sturgeon), 500
      nM (ostrich), or 2500 nM (sea turtle and Tilapia). Purified human GH gave similar
      responses at concentrations of 2.5-5 nM in this assay. These results support the
      hypothesis that diabetogenic and insulin-like activities are intrinsic properties
      of GH and provide strong evidence that the structural determinants for
      diabetogenic and insulin-like activities arose early in the evolution of the GH
      molecule.

PMID- 3882412
TI  - Stimulation of mammary epithelial cell growth in vitro: interaction of epidermal
      growth factor and mammogenic hormones.
AB  - A serum-free primary cell culture system was used to examine the direct effects
      and interactions of mammogenic hormones and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the
      growth of mouse mammary epithelial cells. Epithelial cells were isolated by
      collagenase dissociation followed by Percoll gradient centrifugation and cultured
      within collagen gels in a mixture of Ham's F-12-Dulbecco's Minimum Essential
      Medium (1:1) containing insulin (10 micrograms/ml), crude soybean lecithin, trace
      elements, trypsin inhibitor, and antioxidants. Progesterone (P; 10(-6) - 10(-8)
      M) or ovine PRL (1 microgram/ml), in the absence of EGF, stimulated the growth of
      cells from mature virgin mice 2- to 4-fold over that of controls cultured in
      basal medium only. P and PRL synergized in stimulating growth 3- to 17-fold. 17
      beta-Estradiol (10(-7) - 10(-10) M) alone did not stimulate growth or synergize
      with P and/or PRL. This lack of growth stimulation by 17 beta-estradiol was also
      observed in medium containing a low concentration of insulin (0.1 microgram/ml).
      EGF (10 ng/ml) alone stimulated growth to the same extent as the combination of P
      and PRL. EGF at 1, but not 10, ng/ml when combined with P and PRL could
      additively stimulate growth. Cells from midpregnant mice were less responsive
      than cells from virgin mice to the growth-stimulating effects of the combination
      of P and PRL (2-fold stimulation at most), but not to EGF (3- to 6-fold
      stimulation). Corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone, and aldosterone, but not
      cortisol, could synergize with PRL in stimulating the growth of cells from mature
      virgin mice. However, only deoxycorticosterone could stimulate growth in the
      absence of PRL. These results suggest that PRL, P, and adrenal corticoids may
      directly stimulate the growth of mouse mammary epithelial cells. The
      physiologically relevent adrenal corticoids, corticosterone and aldosterone, only
      potentiate the stimulatory effect of PRL. The hormonal stimulation of growth in
      vitro can be obscured by an optimum concentration (10 ng/ml) of EGF. The relative
      growth responses to mammogenic hormones and EGF may depend on the degree of
      differentiation of the cells.

PMID- 3882413
TI  - Insulin resistance in the heart: studies on isolated cardiocytes of genetically
      obese Zucker rats.
AB  - Isolated cardiac myocytes from lean and genetically obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats
      were used to study cellular alterations related to the obesity syndrome in this
      tissue. Scatchard analysis of insulin binding data suggested a reduction in the
      number of low affinity sites in cells from obese rats; in contrast, an unaltered
      high affinity segment with Kd values of 5.7 +/- 0.6 and 4.5 +/- 0.7 X 10(-10)
      mol/liter (n = 4) in lean and obese rats, respectively, has been observed.
      Insulin internalization, as estimated from the amount of increased cell
      associated radioactivity in chloroquine-treated cells, was decreased by 70% from
      12.8 fmol insulin/10(6) cells X 120 min in lean rats to 3.8 fmol/10(6) cells X
      120 min in obese rats. Determinations of initial velocities of 3-O-methylglucose
      influx were used for assessing glucose transport activity. Basal activity of the
      glucose transport system was reduced in cells from obese animals. This was found
      to be due to a decreased maximum velocity of the carrier with corresponding
      values of 69.8 +/- 5.2 and 38.3 +/- 3.2 nmol/10 sec X 10(6) cells (n = 3) in
      cardiocytes from lean and obese rats, respectively. Glucose transport exhibited
      an unaltered sensitivity toward stimulation by insulin, but an impaired
      responsiveness in cardiocytes from obese rats. The data suggest involvement of
      both receptor and postreceptor defects in the development of an insulin-resistant
      state in cardiac muscle.

PMID- 3882414
TI  - Endoscopy in basic research.
AB  - Gastroenterological endoscopy has stimulated research in a number of ways. New
      optical developments culminating in the glass fibre and the video endoscope, were
      necessary stages in the construction of highly sophisticated instruments. These
      advanced instruments made research possible and also stimulated it. Quite a few
      methods were made applicable to the gastrointestinal tract only with the aid of
      endoscopes. For this purpose, they first had to be carefully studied and then
      modified. Here, mention might be made of the taking of biopsies for histological
      work-up, X-ray procedures, diagnostic ultrasound, Doppler ultrasonography,
      operative endoscopy and laser beams. Developments have ensured that endoscopy did
      not remain restricted merely to its role as an optical diagnostic procedure
      capable only of visualizing the surfaces of internal organs. In numerous areas,
      operative endoscopy has now replaced the classical surgical procedure, and
      further developments may be expected in this field.

PMID- 3882415
TI  - Increased mutagenicity of chromium compounds by nitrilotriacetic acid.
AB  - Nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt (NTA), which is a substitute for
      polyphosphates in household laundry detergents, and N-nitrosoiminodiacetic acid
      (NIDA), a derivative of NTA produced by metabolism of soil microorganisms, were
      tested for in vitro mutagenicity in bacteria and yeasts. No gene reversions in
      five strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA 1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, and
      TA100), no forward gene mutations in Schizosaccharomyces pombe P1, and no mitotic
      gene conversions at two loci in Saccharomyces cerevisiae D4 were induced by NTA
      (up to 870 micrograms/plate or 40 micrograms/ml) and NIDA (up to 2,000
      micrograms/plate or 1,000 micrograms/ml), independently of the presence of rat
      liver metabolic activation. The influence of NTA on the mutagenic and clastogenic
      activity of several chromium compounds was examined in the Salmonella/microsome
      assay and in the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay in mammalian cell cultures
      (Chinese hamster ovary [CHO] line). NTA does not affect the genetic inactivity of
      water-soluble Cr(III) (Cr2[SO4]3) and the direct mutagenicity of soluble Cr(VI)
      (Na2CrO4,K2Cr2O7) compounds. The very insoluble Cr(VI) compounds PbCrO4 and
      PbCrO4 X PbO are instead clearly mutagenic in the Salmonella/microsome assay
      (TA100 strain) only in the presence of NTA or NaOH. The mutagenicity of lead
      chromates is correlated with the amounts of Cr(VI) solubilized by NTA or alkali,
      as detected by the colorimetric reaction with diphenylcarbazide and atomic
      absorption spectrophotometry. In the SCE assay, the insoluble lead chromates are
      directly clastogenic owing to prolonged treatment conditions and cellular
      endocytosis. The chromosome-damaging activity of PbCrO4 is significantly
      increased by NTA but not by NaOH.

PMID- 3882416
TI  - Facile identification of protein sequences by mass spectrometry. B subunit of
      Vibrio cholerae classical biotype Inaba 569B toxin.
AB  - A mass spectrometric method was applied to the B subunit of Vibrio cholerae
      classical biotype Inaba 569B toxin to determine its amino acid sequence and to
      confirm the differences in the amino acid sequences predicted from the nucleotide
      sequences of the genes of El Tor biotype strains 62746 and 2125 toxins. In this
      method, the Staphylococcus aureus protease V8 digest of the CNBr-treated B
      subunit of the classical biotype toxin was examined directly by fast-atom
      bombardment mass spectrometry without separation of individual peptides. The
      values of molecular ion signals observed in the mass spectra were compared with
      the amino acid sequences of the classical biotype and El Tor biotype toxins. All
      the observed mass values coincided with those calculated from the published
      sequences of the B subunit except those of the sequences at positions 12-29 and
      69-79. Peptides with these sequences were isolated by high-performance liquid
      chromatography and analyzed by Edman degradation or by combination of mass
      spectrometry and enzymatic degradation. The results revealed that the amino acid
      residues at positions 22 and 70 were Asp instead of Asn in the published
      sequences of classical biotype toxin. It was also found that Asn at position 44
      was partially deaminated to Asp. The amino acid sequence of the classical biotype
      toxin was found to be different only at positions 18 (His----Tyr), 47 (Thr---
      Ile) and 54 (Gly----Ser) from that of El Tor biotype toxins.

PMID- 3882417
TI  - Cloning and characterization of the pyrE gene and of PyrE::Mud1 (Ap lac) fusions
      from Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - A lambda-specialized transducing phage carrying the pyrE gene from Salmonella
      typhimurium LT2 was constructed and used as the source of DNA for subcloning the
      pyrE gene into pBR322. The pyrE gene product was identified as a 23-kDa
      polypeptide using a minicell system for analysis of plasmid-encoded proteins.
      Studies utilizing a promoter-cloning vehicle provided evidence for the existence
      of two promoter regions, one located close to the start of the structural gene
      and the other positioned more than 300 base pairs upstream. Transcription from
      the more distal promotor was the only situation in which significant regulation
      by pyrimidines was observed. Additional studies served to localize sites involved
      in the regulation of pyrE expression and led to the inference that regulation
      does not occur at the level of initiation of transcription. A procedure was
      developed for the construction of plasmids through recombination in vivo, whereby
      pyrE::Mud1 (Ap lac) fusions were transferred to a recipient pyrE+ plasmid by
      bacteriophage P22-mediated transduction. This enabled the identification of the
      integration sites of Mud within pyrE and also verified the deduced orientation of
      the pyrE gene in the parental plasmid. The nucleotide sequence of the 5' end of
      the pyrE gene was determined, including 150 nucleotide residues encoding the
      first 50 N-terminal amino acids of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase, and 400
      nucleotides upstream from the start of the coding region. The leader region
      contains sequences characteristic of a rho-independent transcriptional terminator
      preceded by a cluster of thymidylate residues. In addition, the leader RNA
      contains an open reading frame with a UGA stop codon immediately preceding the
      putative transcriptional terminator. The nucleotide sequence suggests that pyrE
      expression is regulated by modulated attenuation, as has been proposed to be the
      case for both pyrB and pyrE expression in Escherichia coli.

PMID- 3882418
TI  - Metal binding to yeast aminopeptidase I.
AB  - Binding of Zn(II) and Co(II) to homogeneous dodecameric aminopeptidase I from
      yeast was studied. Apparent binding constants were estimated from the dependence
      of enzyme activity on metal levels in solution as established by metal buffer
      systems. The binding curves were sigmoidal with Hill coefficients of 1.2-1.6,
      depending on the metal and on pH. Metal concentrations at half-saturation were 28
      nM with Zn(II), and 390 nM with Co(II) at pH 7.0, they increased with decreasing
      pH. Equilibrium binding studies yielded binding stoichiometries of 0.5-0.6 mol
      metal/mol subunit for both Zn(II) and Co(II). However, after oxidation of Co(II)
      substituted enzyme with H2O2 almost stoichiometric amounts of cobalt (greater
      than 0.9 mol/mol subunit) were found. The oxidized enzyme was inactive and did
      not exchange cobalt with the solvent. Native aminopeptidase I was also affected
      by H2O2, however only after prolonged incubation and at a much lower rate.
      Apoenzyme modified by ethoxyformic anhydride could not be reconstituted by Zn(II)
      or Co(II). On the other hand, either metal afforded full protection against
      ethoxyformic anhydride. This finding, and the pH dependence of stability
      constants suggest that histidine residues are involved in metal binding. Both the
      reconstitution of active enzyme from apoprotein and metal and its inactivation
      due to loss of metal are slow processes with half-times in the minute range. The
      rate of reconstitution did not depend on Zn(II) concentration. The rates of metal
      loss were not enhanced by chelating agents containing carboxylate functions. In
      contrast, chelators coordinating via nitrogen atoms and 2,3-dimercaptopropanol
      accelerated dissociation. A model is proposed that accounts for the
      substoichiometric metal contents of aminopeptidase I and for the slow time course
      of reconstitution. It is assumed that reconstitution involves a slow,
      monomolecular transition, leading to an active enzyme conformation with lower
      affinity for metal ions.

PMID- 3882419
TI  - Glucose repression and hexokinase isoenzymes in yeast. Isolation and
      characterization of a modified hexokinase PII isoenzyme.
AB  - Hexokinase PII, but not isoenzyme PI, has a unique role in glucose repression in
      yeasts [Entian, K.-D. (1980) Mol. Gen. Genet. 178, 633-637; Entian, K.-D. and
      Mecke, D. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 870-874; Entian, K.-D. and Frohlich, K.-U.
      (1984) J. Bacteriol. 158, 29-35]. The number of hexokinase isoenzymes in crude
      extracts was re-examined by chromatofocusing. In addition to the known isoenzymes
      PI and PII, a third isoenzyme, PIIM, was detected. The activity of this enzyme
      was only about 5-10% of that of hexokinase PII and was independent of growth
      conditions. Experiments with hexokinase transformants and purified hexokinase
      isoenzymes clearly indicated that the PIIM form is also present in vivo.
      Fingerprint mapping of purified hexokinases showed that hexokinase PIIM is
      closely related to PII. Hybridization experiments between totally restricted
      yeast DNA and the previously isolated PII gene clearly indicated that PIIM is
      also coded by one of the two known hexokinase genes. No mRNA specific for
      hexokinase PIIM was detected after hybridization experiments with the previously
      cloned hexokinase PII gene [Frohlich et al. (1984) Mol. Gen. Genet. 194, 144
      148]. Hexokinase PIIM appears to be derived from hexokinase PII by a
      posttranslational event. The Km values of each of the purified isoenzymes, PII
      and PIIM, were identical for glucose, fructose and ATP. Both isoenzymes were
      strongly inhibited by high physiological concentrations for ATP; such inhibition
      has not been described previously. The possible role of hexokinase PIIM in
      glucose repression is discussed.

PMID- 3882420
TI  - A cytosol protease from the estrogen-resistant C3H mammary carcinoma increases
      the affinity of the estrogen receptor for DNA in vitro.
AB  - We have previously shown, in the estrogen-unresponsive C3H mouse mammary tumor
      that the affinity of the estrogen receptor (ER) for calf thymus DNA in vitro is
      four-times higher than that of uterine ER [Baskevitch, P. P., Vignon, F.,
      Bousquet, C. and Rochefort, H. (1983) Cancer Res. 43, 2290]. By mixing cytosols
      from this tumor and uterus, we describe a tumor factor capable of increasing ER
      affinity for DNA, as assayed by DNA-cellulose chromatography and saturation
      studies. The activity of this factor was inhibited by alpha-chymotrypsin
      inhibitors such as N-tosylphenylalanylchloromethane and chymostatin. Using the
      fluorogenic substrate glutarylglycylglycylphenylalanyl-N-naphthylamide, we
      assayed such a protease in the C3H mammary tumor cytosol. This protease and the
      factor altering ER-DNA binding were eluted together from chromatography on DEAE
      cellulose, AcA 44, and carboline-agarose and were sensitive to the same
      inhibitors. The partially purified factor decreases the molecular mass of the
      estrogen receptor as seen by denaturing electrophoresis after covalent labelling
      of the ER with [3H]tamoxifen aziridine. We suggest that the increase of ER
      affinity for DNA and the decrease of ER molecular size are due to the same
      protease with an alpha-chymotrypsin-like specificity.

PMID- 3882422
TI  - Nucleotide sequence analysis of the nuclear gene coding for manganese superoxide
      dismutase of yeast mitochondria, a gene previously assumed to code for the Rieske
      iron-sulphur protein.
AB  - We have previously reported the isolation of the gene coding for a 25-kDa
      polypeptide present in a purified yeast QH2:cytochrome c oxidoreductase
      preparation, which was thus identified as the gene for the Rieske iron-sulphur
      protein [Van Loon et al. (1983) Gene 26, 261-272]. Subsequent DNA sequence
      analysis reported here reveals, however, that the encoded protein is in fact
      manganese superoxide dismutase, a mitochondrial matrix protein. Comparison with
      the known amino acid sequence of the mature protein indicates that it is
      synthesized with an N-terminal extension of 27 amino acids. In common with the N
      terminal extensions of other imported mitochondrial proteins, the presequence has
      several basic residues but lacks negatively charged residues. The function of
      these positive charges and other possible topogenic sequences are discussed.
      Sequences 5' of the gene contain two elements that may be homologous to the
      suggested regulatory sites, UAS 1 and UAS 2 in the yeast CYC1 gene [Guarente et
      al. (1984) Cell 36, 503-511]. The predicted secondary structures in manganese
      superoxide dismutase appear to be very similar to those reported for iron
      superoxide dismutase, suggesting similar three-dimensional structures. Making use
      of the known three-dimensional structure of the Fe enzyme, the Mn ligands are
      predicted.

PMID- 3882421
TI  - Phytochrome control of in vitro transcription of specific genes in isolated
      nuclei from barley (Hordeum vulgare).
AB  - The transcriptional rates of four different genes in shoots of barley grown under
      different light regimes were quantified by monitoring nuclear RNA transcripts
      using gene-specific hybridization probes. Isolated nuclei were pulse-labelled
      with [alpha-32P]UTP and the relative rates of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b
      protein (LHCP) mRNA, NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase mRNA, B1 hordein
      mRNA, and 26-S rRNA synthesis were measured. Irradiation of dark-grown plants
      with a red light pulse increased the rate of LHCP mRNA synthesis tenfold within 3
      h, and the rate of rRNA synthesis more than twofold within 9 h. The relative rate
      of synthesis of the oxidoreductase mRNA decreased following a red light pulse
      reaching a minimum after 3-6 h. As a direct proof of phytochrome involvement in
      the light-induced stimulation of LHCP and the repression of the oxidoreductase
      transcripts for both responses, red/far-red reversibility could be demonstrated.
      We conclude that phytochrome is able both to increase the transcription of
      certain nuclear genes and decrease the transcription of others.

PMID- 3882424
TI  - Intracellular maturation and secretion of acid phosphatase of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - To elucidate intracellular maturation and secretion of acid phosphatase of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae we prepared a monoclonal antibody that recognizes
      specifically the protein moiety of this cell surface glycoprotein. With this
      antibody membranes and soluble fractions of wild-type cells, grown in low
      phosphate medium in the presence and absence of tunicamycin, were examined by the
      immunoblot technique. Similarly, secretory mutants, blocked at distinct steps in
      the secretory pathway at the restrictive temperature as well as a strain
      harboring several copies of the structural gene PHO5 for repressible acid
      phosphatase, were analyzed. The data suggest the following sequence of events in
      acid phosphatase maturation and secretion: three unglycosylated precursors with
      molecular masses of 60 kDa, 58 kDa and 56 kDa are synthesized into membranes of
      the endoplasmic reticulum, where these are core glycosylated in a membrane-bound
      form. They appear on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels as bands with molecular masses
      of 76 kDa and 80 kDa. Owing to a rate-limiting maturation step, occurring after
      core glycosylation, they can accumulate in a membrane-bound form. At the Golgi
      apparatus outer carbohydrate chains are attached to the core and the enzyme
      appears in a soluble form, indicating a release of acid phosphatase from the
      membrane between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi. Pulse-chase experiments
      suggest that the time for acid phosphatase synthesis and its transport to the
      Golgi is about 5 min.

PMID- 3882423
TI  - Identification of the major human sialoglycoprotein from red cells, glycophorin
      AM, as the receptor for Escherichia coli IH 11165 and characterization of the
      receptor site.
AB  - The pyelonephritogenic Escherichia coli strain 1 H 11165 specifically
      agglutinates human erythrocytes carrying the M blood group antigen. The
      polymorphic forms of this antigen, M and N, are located in the NH2-terminal
      region of the major human red-cell sialoglycoprotein, glycophorin A.
      Radioactively labeled glycophorin A from M cells specifically bound to the
      bacteria. Purified glycophorin AM, but not glycophorin AN, efficiently inhibited
      for binding. Mild periodate treatment oxidized the NH2-terminal serine in
      glycophorin AM and this resulted in loss of binding to the bacteria. High
      concentrations of serine and alkali-labile oligosaccharides derived from
      glycophorin AM inhibited the binding, whereas the synthetic M-specific NH2
      terminal pentapeptide Ser-Ser-Thr-Thr-Gly did not. Neuraminidase treatment of
      glycophorin AM did not destroy the binding. The most efficient inhibition of
      binding was observed with the N-terminal glyco-octapeptide obtained from
      glycophorin AM by CNBr cleavage. This peptide contains both the essential serine
      residue and the alkali-labile oligosaccharides, which both are recognized by the
      bacterium.

PMID- 3882425
TI  - Location of the adenylylation site in T4 RNA ligase.
AB  - The purification of the enzyme T4 RNA ligase is described from an Escherichia
      coli strain, KR54, in which the RNA ligase gene (g63) has been inserted into the
      plasmid pDR540 for inducible expression of g63 from the tac promoter.
      Adenylylation of the purified enzyme with [14C]rATP followed by digestion with
      chymotrypsin yielded an adenylylated peptide, the identity of which was
      determined by fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometric analysis. The results show
      that the AMP residue is bound covalently to the lysine at position 99 of the RNA
      ligase protein sequence.

PMID- 3882426
TI  - Primary structure of histone H2B from gonads of the starfish Asterias rubens.
      Identification of an N-dimethylproline residue at the amino-terminal.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence (121 residues) of histone H2B from gonads of the
      starfish Asterias rubens has been established from structural data obtained
      essentially from large fragments generated by cleavage of histone H2B at aspartyl
      residues and by limited hydrolysis of the dimer H2A-H2B with mouse submaxillary
      gland protease. No real sequence homology can be found between the amino-terminal
      sequence (residues 1-21) of starfish and calf H2B. One non-conservative
      substitution (serine-32 in calf----lysine-28 in starfish) leads to the presence
      of a cluster of eight basic residues (sequence 23-30) and to the disappearance of
      a potential site of phosphorylation. A particular structural feature of starfish
      histone H2B is the presence of N-dimethylproline at its amino-terminal end. By
      comparison with N-terminal acetylation, which is commonly found in histones, N
      terminal methylation is rarely observed. At the present time the functional
      significance of the N-terminal methylation as well as that of the proline-rich
      nature of the amino-terminal sequence of the starfish histone H2B remain to be
      defined.

PMID- 3882427
TI  - Mechanism of action of gentamicin components. Characteristics of their binding to
      Escherichia coli ribosomes.
AB  - The binding of gentamicin (Gm) to Escherichia coli ribosomes and ribosomal
      subunits has been studied. By means of equilibrium dialysis and of statistical
      interpretation of the data it was found that [3H]gentamicin C2 and 6'-N
      [3H]methylgentamicin C1a interact with three classes of sites on tight-coupled 70
      S species: a first class concerning the tight and non-cooperative interaction
      with one drug molecule (Kd = 0.6 microM), a second class in which about five Gm
      molecules bind cooperatively (mean Kd = 10 microM), and a third class of very
      high capacity in which up to 70 drug molecules may interact. The extreme
      cooperativity of the third class of sites induces such an increase in the
      affinity for Gm that it may allow the shift of molecules already bound from high
      affinity sites towards lower-affinity sites. The alteration of a ribosomal
      protein, L6, in a gentamicin-resistant mutant of E. coli abolished the multiclass
      and the cooperative aspects of ribosomes--gentamicin interaction. The large
      ribosomal subunits from E. coli MRE 600 strain interact cooperatively with Gm,
      whereas 50-S particles from the resistant mutant bind the drug in a diffuse way
      with high capacity and low affinity. The small subunits from both strains behave
      identically towards Gm. A good correlation is observed in comparing the
      gentamicin concentrations capable of saturating the different ribosomal classes
      of sites with concentrations inducing its multiphasic effects on protein
      synthesis.

PMID- 3882428
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies directed against the cell-surface-exposed part of PhoE pore
      protein of the Escherichia coli K-12 outer membrane.
AB  - Six monoclonal antibodies directed against the trimeric form of outer-membrane
      pore protein PhoE of Escherichia coli K-12 were isolated and characterized. All
      six antibodies bind to PhoE protein in intact cells and as isolated trimers, but
      not to dodecyl-sulphate-denatured monomers. Cross-reaction with the related pore
      proteins OmpF protein and OmpC protein was not observed. A hybrid pore protein in
      which the amino-terminal 74 amino acids of PhoE protein have been replaced by the
      corresponding part of OmpF protein is able to bind the six monoclonal antibodies.
      Five of the antibodies bind to the PhoE proteins of thirteen different
      Enterobacteriaceae when expressed in E. coli K-12, whereas the other antibody
      recognizes PhoE protein from nine of these strains. Four monoclonal antibodies
      are able to block adsorption of the PhoE-protein-specific phage TC45 to its
      receptor on whole cells. None of the antibodies has any effect on the uptake rate
      of the antibiotic cefsulodin through PhoE protein pores. Five antibodies are able
      to direct the complement-mediated killing of PhoE-protein-carrying cells. It is
      concluded that the six monoclonal antibodies recognize at least three distinct
      cell-surface-exposed epitopes whose specificity is determined by the carboxy
      terminal 256 amino acids of PhoE protein.

PMID- 3882429
TI  - The nucleotide sequences of the ponA and ponB genes encoding penicillin-binding
      protein 1A and 1B of Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - Penicillin-binding proteins 1A and 1B of Escherichia coli are the major
      peptidoglycan transglycosylase-transpeptidases that catalyse the polymerisation
      and insertion of peptidoglycan precursors into the bacterial cell wall during
      cell elongation. The nucleotide sequence of a 2764-base-pair fragment of DNA that
      contained the ponA gene, encoding penicillin-binding protein 1A, was determined.
      The sequence predicted that penicillin-binding protein 1A had a relative
      molecular mass of 93 500 (850 amino acids). The amino-terminus of the protein had
      the features of a signal peptide but it is not known if this peptide is removed
      during insertion of the protein into the cytoplasmic membrane. The nucleotide
      sequence of a 2758-base-pair fragment of DNA that contained the ponB gene,
      encoding penicillin-binding protein 1B, was also determined. Penicillin-binding
      protein 1B consists of two major components which were shown to result from the
      use of alternative sites for the initiation of translation. The large and small
      forms of penicillin-binding protein 1B were predicted to have relative molecular
      masses of 94 100 and 88 800 (844 and 799 amino acids). The amino acid sequences
      of penicillin-binding proteins 1A and 1B could be aligned if two large gaps were
      introduced into the latter sequence and the two proteins then showed about 30%
      identity. The amino acid sequences of the proteins showed no extensive similarity
      to the sequences of penicillin-binding proteins 3 or 5, or to the class A or
      class C beta-lactamases. Two short regions of amino acid similarity were,
      however, found between penicillin-binding proteins 1A and 1B and the other
      penicillin-binding proteins and beta-lactamases. One of these included the
      predicted active-site serine residue which was located towards the middle of the
      sequences of penicillin-binding proteins 1A, 1B and 3, within the conserved
      sequence Gly-Ser-Xaa-Xaa-Lys-Pro. The other region was 19-40 residues to the
      amino-terminal side of the active-site serine and may be part of a conserved
      penicillin-binding site in these proteins.

PMID- 3882430
TI  - An in vivo clonogenic assay for human tumors using plasma clot diffusion chambers
      implanted in mice.
AB  - A modification of the in vivo tumor clonogenic assay using plasma clot diffusion
      chambers has been described which allows improved study of the cytological
      characteristics of the colonies cultured. Seventy-five percent of the tumors
      derived from malignant ascites could be cultured successfully (more than 30 small
      and large colonies per diffusion chamber). The cloning efficiency ranged from
      0.01 to 10%. The addition of 2-mercaptoethanol, horse serum and insulin to the
      diffusion chambers did not affect colony formation, whereas the effect of cell
      free malignant ascites added to the diffusion chambers was unpredictable. Colony
      growth was comparable when fresh or cryopreserved tumor cells were cultured. A
      linear relationship between the number of tumor cells inoculated and the number
      of colonies cultured was apparent in the range 10(2)-10(4) cells. Colony
      formation was stimulated by pre-irradiation (8 Gy) of the host animal and by
      weekly transplantation of the diffusion chambers in new mice. Intravenously
      administered doxorubicin penetrated the plasma clot and caused inhibition of
      colony formation in two experiments with melanoma cells.

PMID- 3882431
TI  - Hematopoietic recovery following autologous bone marrow transplantation: role of
      cryopreservation, number of cells infused and nature of high-dose chemotherapy.
AB  - Twenty-nine patients were treated with single or combined high-dose melphalan
      therapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation. Hematopoietic
      recovery from these treatments was studied. No correlation was found between the
      number of GM-CFC infused and the time required for hematopoietic recovery. It is
      suggested that this correlation is only demonstrable for low 'doses' of infused
      bone marrow cell and/or GM-CFCs. The role of bone marrow cell preservation
      techniques was examined and results were similar for fresh and cryopreserved bone
      marrow. The erythrocyte, lymphocyte and granulocyte levels of the patients
      reported here reached a normal or subnormal hematological steady state 3 months
      after autograft. Our results confirm the value of cryopreservation techniques.
      Hematopoietic recovery was short and of the same duration whether the patients
      were given single or combined high-dose melphalan before autologous bone marrow
      transplantation. These results also demonstrate the value of such transplantation
      in shortening the myelosuppression caused by high-dose chemotherapy.

PMID- 3882433
TI  - Definitional, parametric, and procedural considerations in timeout interventions
      and research.

PMID- 3882432
TI  - Screening of sera and tumor extracts of cancer patients using a monoclonal
      antibody directed against human placental alkaline phosphatase.
AB  - A sensitive endogenous enzyme immunoassay involving an anti-human placental
      alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) monoclonal antibody was used in the screening of sera
      and tumor extracts of patients with various types of cancer. In sera of breast
      cancer patients an incidence of 5.2% was recorded. This value rose to 43% when
      tumor extracts were analyzed. For lung and bronchial cancers we found 11.2%
      seropositive patients. On several occasions a good correlation was observed
      between the PLAP determinations and the histopathological staging of tumor
      tissue.

PMID- 3882434
TI  - Friendly letters on the correspondence of Helen Keller, Anne Sullivan, and
      Alexander Graham Bell.

PMID- 3882435
TI  - Regulation of protein breakdown by epidermal growth factor in A431 cells.
AB  - Addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to cultures of A431 human epidermoid
      carcinoma cells produces an increase in the rate of intracellular protein
      breakdown that cannot be accounted for by increased proteolysis in lysates from
      EGF-treated cells. In support of this observation, inhibition of protein
      synthesis with cycloheximide does not reduce the EGF response in cell monolayers.
      On the other hand, inhibitors of lysosomal proteolytic function such as
      leupeptin, vinblastine and especially the weak base, ammonia, are able to block
      the ability of EGF to increase protein breakdown. Additional results suggest that
      the EGF effect is mediated via a stimulation of autophagy. First, the
      autophagocytosis inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, reduces the EGF response, and
      second, the ability of insulin to inhibit protein breakdown by preventing the
      formation of autophagic vacuoles is overcome by EGF. Moreover, the actions of
      inhibitors and competing hormones are similar to those reported for glucagon, a
      hormone known to increase autophagy. The EGF response on protein breakdown
      persists for at least 6 h after thorough washing of the A431 monolayers. This
      result contrasts with the rapid reversal of EGF effects in other cell lines.
      Examination of the fate of bound EGF in cells washed and incubated for 2 h at 37
      degrees C shows that some 500-fold more EGF per mg protein is retained on the
      surface of A431 cells compared to AG2804-transformed fibroblasts, a difference
      which probably explains the unusual persistence of the EGF effect on protein
      breakdown.

PMID- 3882436
TI  - Specificity of neuronal factors which aggregate acetylcholine receptors on
      cultured myotubes.
AB  - Neuronal factors from conditioned medium of neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cells
      or isolated from embryonic pig brain aggregate acetylcholine receptors (AChR) on
      cultured chicken and rat myotubes. A membrane surface protein labelled with a
      fluorescent monospecific antibody was not aggregated with the same treatment.
      Antibodies against AChR block the action of the aggregating factors but do not
      produce large aggregates themselves. These findings indicate that the factors
      specifically react with the AChR on developing myotubes.

PMID- 3882437
TI  - Effect of different growth factors on cell cycle traverse and protein growth of
      human cells in culture.
AB  - Human epithelioid cells (NHIK 3025) are able to traverse at least one cell cycle,
      if the serum concentration in the medium is reduced to only 0.3% when the cells
      are in mitosis. The cell cycle and protein doubling times were prolonged
      considerably under such conditions. The protein doubling time was, however,
      prolonged much more than the cell cycle. The addition of purified growth factors
      (insulin, MSA, EGF, FGF or PDGF) did not shorten G1 or the cell cycle, although
      insulin, EGF and PDGF increased the rate of protein synthesis. When the growth
      factors were added to the medium two and two in combination, it was found that
      four combinations (out of ten possible) increased the rate of progress through
      G1, whereas three combinations increased the rate of progress through the total
      cell cycle. Only two combinations increased the rate of protein accumulation to
      such an extent that the protein content doubled during the cell cycle. Both of
      these combinations also shortened the cell cycle. Since different combinations of
      growth factors were found to regulate the various events related to growth of
      NHIK 3025 cells, it is suggested that these events are under separate control.

PMID- 3882438
TI  - PSL, an S phase-related p55 nuclear antigen, associates transiently with
      chromatin.
AB  - An S phase-related nuclear 55K antigen, also designated PSL, has been
      characterized in various mammalian cells, using a human serum from a patient with
      autoimmune disorders (Barque et al., EMBO j 2 (1983) 743). In this report, we
      show by immunoelectron microscopy that the p55 protein associates in situ with
      the chromatin of rat hepatocytes. This association is a transient one, as
      indirect immunofluorescence studies show that PSL does not bind to individualized
      metaphase chromosomes. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation tests indicate that the
      majority of PSL is in the non-chromosomal cell fraction. These results suggest
      that this nuclear antigen is directly involved in the DNA replication process.

PMID- 3882439
TI  - Changes in the organization of actin and myosin in non-muscle cells induced by N
      ethylmaleimide.
AB  - There is evidence from in vitro studies that the SH reagent N-ethylmaleimide
      (NEM) causes the formation of ATP-resistant rigor-complexes between actin and
      myosin, and NEM-modified heavy meromyosin has been used by Cande et al. to study
      the contractile process during cytokinesis. It is reported here that treatment of
      tissue-cultured cells with NEM causes an immediate cessation of all motile
      activities and a simultaneous stabilization of the ultrastructure of the cell
      visualized on lysis with detergent-containing buffers. After NEM treatment a 5-
      to 10-fold increase in the amount of myosin was found associated with the
      detergent-resistant cell residues. As suggested by immunoelectron microscopy,
      using antibodies to non-muscle myosin together with gold-labelled protein A,
      increasing amounts of myosin filaments became associated with the microfilament
      assemblies of the cell with time of NEM treatment. In addition to this there was
      a slow, progressive reorganization of the cortical wave of microfilaments. The
      structures interpreted as myosin filaments were visualized at relatively high
      resolution. The immunoelectron microscopy finally also indicated the presence of
      a non-filamentous form of myosin in agreement with the results of others.

PMID- 3882440
TI  - Cinemicroscopic studies of lymphocyte behavior in semi-solid medium: the
      polyclonal origin of lymphocyte colonies.
AB  - Time-lapse cinemicroscopy was used to observe the development of lymphocyte
      colonies in a phytohemagglutinin-dependent one-step, two-layer agar culture
      system. More than 1000 h of culture time were recorded in a total of 14
      independent experiments. Blast formation and organization of lymphocytes into
      highly motile pairs and clusters occurred early in culture (0-3 days). An
      increase in thymidine uptake also preceded the first detectable proliferation by
      24 h. Mature lymphocyte colonies were found to be dynamic entities characterized
      by the continuous influx and egress of highly motile cells. Cell clusters and
      entire colonies were observed to locomote and on several occasions fuse to form
      larger structures. Macrophagelike cells located centrally within colonies
      appeared to play a major role in such behavior. Taken together these results
      conclusively demonstrate that, in the present system, lymphocyte colonies are the
      product of a complex pattern of cell interaction, proliferation, and cell
      motility and, as such, are polyclonal in origin.

PMID- 3882441
TI  - Protease induction of hemoglobin synthesis but not terminal cell division in K562
      cells.
AB  - Several protease preparations of varied specificity increased hemoglobin levels
      in K562 cells. These are the first enzymes shown to stimulate this process in
      these cells. Hemin, at a concentration at which it did not act as a potent
      inducer of hemoglobin production, was found to synergistically stimulate
      induction by proteases. As seen in some other cell types, six different protease
      preparations also stimulated K562 cell yield. Hemin did not enhance the protease
      stimulation of cell yield, but was, instead, slightly inhibitory. Trypsin was one
      of the most potent inducers of the proteases tested. A combination of trypsin
      with a "synergistic" concentration of hemin did not decrease the size of K562
      cells during induction of hemoglobin production, suggesting that these cells were
      not irreversibly differentiated nor induced to terminal cell division by this
      treatment. This was supported, although not proven, by an assay that demonstrated
      no progressive decrease in the rate of cell multiplication associated with the
      induction of hemoglobin synthesis.

PMID- 3882442
TI  - Comparison of three techniques for the ex vivo elimination of T cells from human
      bone marrow.
AB  - The high incidence of graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) in allogeneic bone marrow
      transplantation (BMT) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, despite
      pharmacological prophylactic regimes. Laboratory technologies have been developed
      to eliminate the immunocompetent T-lymphocyte, the proposed effector cell in the
      GVHD reaction. In this study, three techniques for the ex vivo purging of T cells
      from human bone marrow (BM) were compared. BM treatment groups consisted of T
      cell depletion by the monoclonal antibodies OKT3 and OKT11A plus complement (MoAb
      + C), soybean agglutination followed by sheep erythrocyte rosette depletion, or
      triple rosetting with neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocytes. Mean final cell
      yields were 37.2 +/- 4.0%, 2.8 +/- 0.8%, and 2.5 +/- 1.3%, respectively, while
      final yields of BM progenitor cells, assayed in the double-layer soft-agar CFU-c
      assay, were 28.5 +/- 6.5%, 3.9 +/- 2.1%, and 10.5 +/- 3.8%, respectively. The
      three techniques were comparably efficient in elimination of mitogenic responses
      to irradiated allogeneic lymphoblastoid cells and cytotoxic lymphocyte responses
      of the BM. Immunofluorescence after T-cell depletion showed greater than 97.5% of
      all OKT3-positive cells to be eliminated by each technique. Despite the fact that
      all three techniques were effective in T-cell depletion, treatment with anti-T
      cell MoAbs + C proved less labor-intensive and resulted in higher cell yields.

PMID- 3882443
TI  - Acute and long-term airway hyperreactivity in aluminium-salt exposed workers with
      nocturnal asthma.
AB  - Nineteen young male workers exposed occupationally from 1975-1977 to inhaled
      particles of aluminium fluoride or sulphate at 2 plants, developed nocturnal
      wheezing and breathlessness with reversible airways obstruction after an average
      of 4 months employment. At standardized methacholine provocation tests (MPT), 17
      of 19 workers with normal spirometry showed airway hyperreactivity with a fall of
      FEV1 of greater than or equal to 15% after 0.1% methacholine. We followed 15
      initially asthmatic workers for 2-5 years with MPT. Mean TD 15% FEV1 in 11
      workers did not change significantly after an average of 41 months of non
      exposure. Six workers continuously exposed for 48 months also failed to change
      their TD 15% FEV1 MCh. In 1983, only one subject had returned to normal airway
      reactivity. We have no reason to suspect inducing agents other than aluminium
      salts.

PMID- 3882444
TI  - Characteristics and prognostic value of pleural effusions in non-Hodgkin's
      lymphomas.
AB  - The characteristics of 26 pleural effusions associated with non-Hodgkin's
      Lymphomas (NHL) have been analyzed (13% of the 200 NHL reviewed). Twenty-one of
      them were exudates and 5 chylous. Cytological examinations were positive in 18/21
      of exudate effusions and so were 11 of the 15 pleural biopsies performed. Three
      of the chylous effusions were associated with chylous ascites, the pleural biopsy
      being positive in one case. In only 4 cases mediastinal adenopathies were found
      (3 exudates and one chylous). In half of the cases, the effusion disappeared as a
      response to chemotherapy. Intrapleural treatment with doxorubicin was performed
      in 6 patients with exudates, but the pleural effusion disappeared in only one
      case. The survival was shorter (estimated median survival, 6 months) in those
      patients in whom the pleural effusion did not disappear under systemic
      chemotherapy than in those in whom a response was achieved (estimated median
      survival greater than 40 months; p less than 0.01).

PMID- 3882445
TI  - Schistosoma haematobium: the pathology of experimental infection.
AB  - The pathologic changes in experimental animals infected with Schistosoma
      haematobium are reviewed and compared to the pathology in infected humans. The
      clinically important lesions in persons infected with S. haematobium are
      generally confined to the urogenital system. In experimental animals,
      functionally important lesions of the urogenital system are the exception but do
      occur in a significant proportion of infected primates. The acute lesions of the
      urinary tract in primates are similar to those in infected persons. Chronic
      lesions characterized by the extensive submucosal accumulation of calcified eggs
      are common in infected humans but uncommon in S. haematobium-infected animals.

PMID- 3882446
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: degradation of host extracellular matrix by eggs and
      miracidia.
AB  - A radioactively labeled in vitro model of the extracellular matrix of the
      mammalian intestinal wall and of snail tissue was used to determine whether
      proteolytic enzymes released by eggs and miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni could
      degrade connective tissue macromolecules in the type of interactive framework
      found in vivo. Eggs were collected and miracidia hatched in the presence of
      antibiotics to eliminate bacterial contamination. Uninfected livers were used as
      controls to ensure that the tissue dissociation and egg collection procedures did
      not produce proteolytic activity. One thousand live eggs incubated with the
      extracellular matrix for 72 hr at 37 C degraded 31% of the glycoprotein in the
      matrix; there was no degradation of elastin or collagen. Medium conditioned by
      incubation with eggs degraded 60% as much of the matrix as the live eggs
      themselves. The proteolytic activity of the egg-conditioned medium was greater in
      the presence of dithiothreitol. Miracidia incubated with the extracellular matrix
      in tissue culture medium at 27 or 37 C rapidly transformed to living sporocysts.
      This transformation was accompanied by a release of proteolytic activity,
      resulting in the degradation of 49 to 58% of the glycoprotein in the
      extracellular matrix by 1000 miracidia. Again, no elastin or collagen was
      degraded. The time course of degradation by miracidia was rapid over 24 hr and
      thus similar to that previously reported for cercariae. Degradation by eggs
      occurred more slowly over 72 hr. These data confirm that both eggs and miracidia
      secrete proteinases which are capable of degrading at least the glycoprotein
      components of extracellular matrix to facilitate their migration through
      intestinal wall or penetration of snail tissue.

PMID- 3882447
TI  - Strongyloides ransomi: proteolytic enzymes from larvae.
AB  - The filariform larvae of Strongyloides ransomi can infect their hosts by
      penetration through skin. In this report, homogenates of these organisms were
      prepared and their proteolytic enzymes examined. Homogenates prepared in 0.2 M
      citrate, pH 4.0, contain two thiol-dependent proteinases with molecular weights
      of approximately 32,000 and 28,000. These proteinases have an acidic pH optimum
      and show substrate preferences and inhibitor susceptibilities similar to the
      vertebrate acidic cysteinyl proteinases. Homogenates prepared in 0.1 M Tris, pH
      7.5, contain multiple proteolytic enzymes, active against both Azocoll and
      synthetic substrates. These enzymes do not require thiols for activity and they
      have an alkaline pH optimum. The enzymes are inhibited by both chelating agents
      and heavy metals, but not by serine-proteinase inhibitors. Extracts prepared in
      0.1 M Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, contain endogenous proteinase inhibitors.

PMID- 3882448
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy and terminal circulation.

PMID- 3882449
TI  - Innervation and vascular pharmacodynamics of the mammalian spleen.

PMID- 3882451
TI  - Pathology of the splenic artery.

PMID- 3882452
TI  - Lack of mutagenicity of irradiated glucose in Salmonella typhimurium using host
      mediated assay.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to study the ability of irradiated glucose to induce
      reverse mutations in S. typhimurium by host-mediated assay. The results revealed
      no significant increase in the frequency of reverse mutations compared to
      controls.

PMID- 3882453
TI  - Difference in pathway of Escherichia coli outer membrane permeation between
      penicillins and cephalosporins.
AB  - The differences in the outer membrane permeation between two major subgroups of
      beta-lactam antibiotics were studied. The permeation of cephalosporins was
      closely related to porin channels in the outer membrane. In contrast, the outer
      membrane permeation of penicillins did not decrease in porin-deficient mutants
      and, in Rd-type mutants, their permeability became proportional to the
      hydrophobicity of the molecules. The activation enthalpy of the penicillin
      permeation was significantly larger than that of cephalosporins. These
      observations indicate that penicillins can use the hydrophobic region for the
      major route of outer membrane passage whereas the cephalosporin permeation is
      restricted to the pathway via the porin pore.

PMID- 3882450
TI  - The role of the spleen in leukemias and lymphomas including Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3882454
TI  - Folding of single-stranded DNA on the histone octamer.
AB  - A complex between the single-stranded DNA of the bacteriophage M13 and the
      histone octamer was analyzed by electron microscopy, low-angle X-ray diffraction
      and nuclease analysis. The morphology and the diffraction pattern of the complex
      strongly resemble those of the nucleosome. These results, as well as the finding
      of a protected DNA fragment about 100 nucleotides long following single-stranded
      DNA specific nuclease digestion, indicate that 'a nucleosome-like' complex can be
      formed between single-stranded DNA and the histone octamer. Competition
      experiments suggest that under physiological conditions the histone octamer is
      transferred from single- to double-stranded DNA.

PMID- 3882455
TI  - Sequence analysis of peptide fragments from the intrinsic membrane protein of
      calf lens fibers MP26 and its natural maturation product MP22.
AB  - Calf lens fiber plasma membranes, containing only the intrinsic membrane protein
      MP26 and its maturation product MP22 were treated with proteolytic enzymes such
      as trypsin, protease V8 from S. aureus or with chemical agents as CNBr in formic
      acid. The cleavage products, purified by electrophoresis, were analysed for their
      amino acid composition and N-terminal sequences. Proteolysis gave rise to
      peptides which were mainly shortened at the C-terminal end of the molecules.
      While the V8 protease produced a fragment with a similar N-terminal sequence as
      the maturation product MP22, trypsin yielded another cleavage product. Chemical
      hydrolysis yielded large fragments (11-15 kDa) with hydrophobic N-terminal
      sequences. Our results suggest that MP26 is characterised by an N-terminal signal
      sequence and possesses other hydrophobic domains which could function as
      untranslocated insertion sequences.

PMID- 3882456
TI  - Plasmid-encoded initiation protein is required for activity at all three origins
      of plasmid R6K DNA replication in vitro.
AB  - DNA replication of plasmid R6K initiates at three unique sites, ori alpha, ori
      beta, and ori gamma. Replicating DNA molecules of a deletion derivative of R6K
      were synthesized in an in vitro system containing pi protein fraction from cells
      carrying a mini-R6K derivative that produced only this initiation protein as an
      R6K-encoded protein and analyzed by electron miscroscopy. Requirement of pi
      protein for the activity of all these three replication origins in vitro was
      verified. Frequencies of initiation at the three origins were almost equal.

PMID- 3882457
TI  - Loss of liposome binding of NADH dehydrogenase from alkalophilic Bacillus on
      subtilisin digestion.
AB  - Alkalophile NADH dehydrogenase consisting of two 65-kDa subunits was changed by
      subtilisin into an enzyme species consisting of two 38-kDa subunits. The amino
      acid composition and enzyme activity per molecule of the subtilisin-treated
      enzyme were almost the same as those of the native enzyme, respectively. On
      mixing with phospholipid liposome, the conformation of the native enzyme was
      changed, as suggested by the changes in the type of Arrhenius plot and of CD
      spectrum and enzyme activity. These conformational properties of the subtilisin
      treated enzyme, on the other hand, were not affected by liposome. Gel filtration
      of the subtilisin-treated enzyme mixed with the liposome showed no binding of the
      protein to liposome.

PMID- 3882458
TI  - Convenient modification of the method for oligonucleotide-directed in vitro
      mutagenesis of cloned DNA.
AB  - A new modification of the oligonucleotide-mediated mutagenesis technique has been
      developed. The proposed methodology has been used to produce specific base
      changes in the double-stranded plasmid DNA. For this purpose, special cloning
      vectors have been constructed using the synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides. The
      developed method allows the production of mutant DNA from those of the wild-type
      with a yield of 10-20%.

PMID- 3882459
TI  - Interaction of bovine seminalplasmin with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase in the
      presence of rifampicin.
AB  - The interaction of bovine seminalplasmin and rifampicin with E. coli RNA
      polymerase was studied using fluorescence spectroscopy. Both seminalplasmin and
      rifampicin are known to be the inhibitors for the initiation of RNA synthesis in
      E. coli. Rifampicin quenced the intrinsic fluorescence of RNA polymerase and
      seminalplasmin when excited at 280 nm. However, excess of seminalplasmin reversed
      the quenching of RNA polymerase fluorescence by rifampicin. Upon addition of
      rifampicin to the seminalplasmin-RNA polymerase complex, no change in
      fluorescence spectrum was observed. It appeared that although rifampicin could
      form complexes with RNA polymerase and seminalplasmin alone, no binding domain
      was available for rifampicin in the RNA polymerase-seminalplasmin complex. These
      observations are discussed in the light of the 'initiation site' of E. coli RNA
      polymerase.

PMID- 3882460
TI  - Psychological aspects of dentistry. Controlling stress: sound body, tranquil
      mind.

PMID- 3882461
TI  - A guide to the new restorative systems. A DM product guide, part II.

PMID- 3882462
TI  - How business strategies adapt to dentistry.

PMID- 3882463
TI  - From plaster monkeys to professionals. Technology builds a tradition.

PMID- 3882464
TI  - Rest seats in existing crowns.

PMID- 3882465
TI  - Crown preparations for semiprecision attachment removable partial dentures.
AB  - The utilization of intracoronal or extracoronal removable partial denture
      attachments in conjunction with a fixed retainer applies additional stresses to
      the structural durability of the fixed retainer and its integrity with the
      underlying abutment. Therefore, the utilization of this attachment with a fixed
      retainer requires understanding and diligent application of the basic principles
      of fixed prosthodontics.The primary objective of prosthodontics must be the
      preservation and health of the remaining existing tissues and structures: teeth,
      periodontal tissues, temporomandibular joint, and oral facial muscles. This must
      be of primary importance as we achieve our goals of (1) eliminating existing
      pathology, (2) restoring morphology and function, and (3) improving esthetics and
      thereby heightening self-esteem and the psychological well-being of the
      individual. These objectives make us sensitive to the considerations we have
      discussed in preparation design and the tissue management required in the
      fabrication of fixed retainers.

PMID- 3882466
TI  - Impression procedures for semiprecision removable partial dentures.
AB  - The concept for impressioning procedures for semiprecision removable partial
      dentures are reviewed. Techniques that are applicable to various situations are
      examined, and detailed coverage has been given to the advocated impression
      procedures for the distal-extension semiprecision removable partial denture.

PMID- 3882467
TI  - Symposium on semiprecision attachments in removable partial dentures. Occlusal
      relationships.
AB  - This article discusses current concepts of occlusion and describes the methods of
      creating a physiologic occlusion for the partially edentulous patient. Specific
      recommendations are made for choices of materials, techniques, and occlusal
      schemes for various edentulous situations.

PMID- 3882468
TI  - The role of transitionals in mouth rehabilitation.
AB  - Mouth rehabilitation calls for the greatest skills we possess as dentists. We
      have a moral and professional responsibility to our patients to do what is best
      for them. This can only be achieved by careful checking and cross-checking of our
      procedures during fabrication. Transitional prostheses, therefore, may serve as a
      valuable adjunct toward the achievement of success in mouth rehabilitation.

PMID- 3882469
TI  - Periodontal considerations and guidelines for therapy.
AB  - This article presents a format of sequential periodontal therapy for the
      achievement of long-term periodontal health. The author discusses various
      periodontal considerations that are essential for successful precision
      restorative dentistry.

PMID- 3882470
TI  - Symposium on semiprecision attachments in removable partial dentures. Laboratory
      procedures.
AB  - The fabrication of semiprecision rest systems will differ depending on whether a
      prefabricated rest system or milled-in rest system is indicated. In a
      prefabricated rest seat, a die-related model must be used and the rest seats must
      be waxed into the wax pattern. A means of fabricating both locking and nonlocking
      rests has been described. The instruments and tools necessary for the milled-in
      rest seat have been illustrated. The need for a stress-releasing attachment for
      distal-extension removable partial dentures is satisfied by the Thompson dowel
      rest. In fabricating the Thompson dowel rest prosthesis, both vertical
      parallelism and horizontal parallelism are essential for rotation. The use of a
      parallelometer and the parallel rule insures precise positioning of the Thompson
      dowel rest, which in turn, will enable the distal extension partial to rotate.

PMID- 3882471
TI  - Symposium on semiprecision attachments in removable partial dentures.
      Extracoronal attachments.
AB  - An overview of several types of extracoronal attachments has been presented. They
      have been classified into rigid types, resilient types, and bar attachments. The
      uses of each classification were discussed, and the problems inherent with all
      types of extracoronal attachments were mentioned.

PMID- 3882472
TI  - Symposium on semiprecision attachments in removable partial dentures. Trouble
      shooting, repairs, and relining.
AB  - Semiprecision attachments are used in the construction of removable partial
      dentures. Where utilized, these attachments afford bracing to the denture.
      Methods have been described to ensure the longevity and adequacies of such
      attachments, and techniques have been presented to guarantee such maintenance.

PMID- 3882473
TI  - Psychosocial factors for failure to adapt to dental prostheses.
AB  - Currently, the best approach to the care and treatment of the patient with
      phantom bite lies in the dentist's familiarity with the signs and symptoms of
      these syndromes. This is especially important for those dentists interested in
      the practice of prosthetic dentistry. The patient with phantom bite presents
      problems for which there are no conventional solutions. This situation is not an
      isolated phenomenon for dentistry. Rapid and major advances in dental technology
      and public health programs during the last few decades have radically changed the
      character of the patient population. Interventions have become more effective and
      thus more contributive to a larger chronic dental population. Fewer persons lose
      their teeth. Palliation has become an alternative to the edentate state.
      Prolongation of the dentition has created need for the more complex treatments.
      These resulting interventions have also increased the number of organic,
      psychogenic, sociogenic, and iatrogenic complaints. Many of these complaints are
      not curable but nor are they terminal with regard to the dentition. For these
      chronic patient groups, dentistry has become an illness maintenance system. Thus,
      treatment intervention must begin to be viewed within the context of the ever
      increasing complexity of technologic advances. In many cases, prolonged dental
      intervention and palliation result in the emergence of symptoms secondary to
      treatment. These secondary symptoms or "side effects" are sometimes more
      destructive than the disease the treatment was intended to palliate. Treatment,
      although frequently helpful, can, under certain circumstances, harm the patient.
      Phantom bite may be a metaphor for such a circumstance, as virtually all
      treatments promote the illness. Nowhere in the practice of dentistry is the
      advice of Szasz more relevant: "Don't just do something, stand there!"

PMID- 3882474
TI  - Diagnosis and management of partially edentulous cases with a minimal number of
      remaining teeth.
AB  - A systematic approach to establishing the diagnosis and determining the treatment
      plan for partially edentulous cases having a minimal number of remaining abutment
      teeth has been presented. In most of these types of cases, consideration should
      be given to how the transition to a complete denture will be accomplished at a
      later date when and if it becomes necessary. Whenever possible, the minimal
      number and simplest attachments should be used, always keeping in mind how often
      and what kind of maintenance procedures are employed (for example, changing the
      male of a Zest anchor, or Ceka attachment). The patient should be made aware of
      these procedures when the case is presented and should be informed about the
      periodontal and prosthodontic requirements for after care. Fees should also be
      discussed in detail.

PMID- 3882475
TI  - Review of removable partial denture components and their design as related to
      maintenance of tissue health.
AB  - Removable partial dentures can meet the long-term goals of oral rehabilitation if
      the basic principles of treatment planning and design of the prosthesis are
      carried out. This article reviews the design of the components of the removable
      partial denture as well as several salient treatment procedures related to long
      term maintenance of the supporting tissues.

PMID- 3882476
TI  - A review of extracoronal and intracoronal retainer systems.
AB  - Regardless of what type of retainer is used, it must be thoroughly planned in
      advance using diagnostic casts, radiographs, a surveyor and knowledge gleaned
      from previous experience and continuous study. The time spent in diagnosis and
      treatment planning will save untold hours of chair-time doing adjustments and
      placating unhappy patients. It is our goal to preserve what is left of a once
      intact detention by the most efficient means possible.

PMID- 3882477
TI  - Functional forces with removable partial dentures.
AB  - An overall view of the stresses resulting from the use of removable partial
      dentures has been presented. A breakdown in the various movements and a
      diagnostic critique was offered to the practitioner so that he or she can select
      the desired retainer systems for use in various clinical situations.

PMID- 3882478
TI  - Locking types of semiprecision attachments.
AB  - An overview of the various locking types of semiprecision rests was presented
      along with several methods for their use in partial denture construction. By
      using the attachments selectively, the dentist should be able to direct the
      technician in their construction. All the types and systems presented serve the
      functions of retention, bracing, and support, which are the requirements for any
      removable partial denture retainer system.

PMID- 3882479
TI  - Nonlocking types of semiprecision attachments.
AB  - The history of the nonlocking type of intracoronal semiprecision rest has been
      traced from its origins with Neurohr in 1930, up to its present use as the
      Thompson dowel rest. The advantages of the use of this deep rest design and the
      clasp arm design for primary retention have been discussed. The Blatterfein
      modification of the lingual clasp arm has been introduced to overcome the
      problems of breakage and lack of stabilization that are present with the
      Thompson, Van Dam, and Wands designs. Several clinical situations have been
      illustrated demonstrating the variety of applications of the Thompson dowel rest
      type of semiprecision prostheses.

PMID- 3882480
TI  - Squaric acid dibutyl ester in the treatment of alopecia areata.
AB  - A controlled trial of contact allergen therapy of alopecia areata (AA) using
      squaric acid dibutyl ester (SADBE) was performed on 17 patients. The right side
      of the patient's scalp was treated and the left side acted as an untreated
      control. Minimal signs of terminal hair growth were present in only 3 patients
      after 8-12 weeks of therapy. A majority of patients experienced adverse effects
      which led to the early withdrawal of 2 patients and the premature termination of
      the trial. We do not recommend the use of SADBE in the treatment of AA.

PMID- 3882481
TI  - Receptor-mediated degradation and internalization of insulin in the
      adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 from human colon.
AB  - In the adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 receptor-bound insulin is substrate for a
      proteolytic process leading to the release of about half of the cell-associated
      [125I]monoiodoinsulin in the form of [125I]iodide and [125I]monoiodotyrosine.
      Classical lysosomal inhibitors (NH+4, methylamine, leupeptin) did not inhibit
      this proteolysis. Inhibitors of membrane traffic (chloroquine and monensin) and
      of metabolism (CN-) inhibited the fractional receptor-mediated degradation. The
      former led to an increased cell-associated 125I activity whereas the latter
      reduced the uptake. Sulphydryl reagents inhibited the receptor-mediated
      degradation. The data are not compatible with a quantitatively major role of
      lysosomes in the receptor-mediated insulin degradation. However, since the
      process requires energy it is suggested that the receptor-mediated degradation
      takes place in vesicles other than secondary lysosomes. The responsible enzyme(s)
      may belong to the thiol group of proteases. Both insulin and the insulin receptor
      are internalized as a consequence of incubation of HT-29 cells with insulin.

PMID- 3882482
TI  - Developmental acquisition of type X collagen in the embryonic chick tibiotarsus.
AB  - The temporal and spatial distribution of short chain skeletal (Type X) collagen
      was immunohistochemically examined in the chick tibiotarsus from 6 days of
      embryonic development to 1 day posthatching. The monoclonal antibody employed
      (AC9) was recently produced and characterized as being specific for an epitope
      located within the helical domain of the type X collagen molecule (T. M. Schmid
      and T. F. Linsenmayer, J. Cell Biol., in press). The earliest detectable
      appearance of type X collagen was at 7.5 days, at which time it was restricted to
      a middiaphyseal location (i.e., in the primary center of ossification). This was
      in marked contrast to type II collagen, which appears earlier and is distributed
      throughout the cartilaginous anlagen. With increasing embryonic age, the
      reactivity with the type X antibody progressively extended toward the epiphyses,
      lagging somewhat behind the progression of chondrocyte hypertrophy. The anti-type
      X collagen antibody also reacted with the bony matrix itself, but the
      immunofluorescent signal produced by this source was considerably less than that
      produced by cartilage. At 19 days of development, a new small site of type X
      deposition was initiated in an epiphyseal location, which subsequently enlarged
      in circumference. These results are consistent with our previous biochemical
      studies suggesting that, in cartilage, type X collagen is specifically a product
      of that population of chondrocytes which have undergone hypertrophy.

PMID- 3882483
TI  - Increased intracellular pH is not necessary for ribosomal protein s6
      phosphorylation, increased protein synthesis, or germinal vesicle breakdown in
      Xenopus oocytes.
AB  - An increase in intracellular pH (pHi) and ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation
      during Xenopus oocyte maturation has been reported by several laboratories. In
      this paper, the question of whether the pHi increase is necessary to induce S6
      phosphorylation, an increase in protein synthesis, or germinal vesicle breakdown
      (GVBD) was assessed using sodium-free medium and the putative Na/H exchange
      blocker amiloride. Sodium-free medium decreased basal pHi by 0.3 unit and
      prevented increases in pHi in response to both insulin and progesterone, but S6
      phosphorylation occurred normally with both hormones. GVBD occurred normally in
      sodium-free medium in response to progesterone, but the effect of insulin was
      reduced by 60%. In sodium-containing medium, amiloride inhibited GVBD and
      prevented insulin or progesterone-induced increases in pHi but the hormone
      induced increase in S6 phosphorylation was unaffected. In the absence of sodium,
      amiloride inhibited GVBD but did not affect pHi, indicating that amiloride
      inhibits GVBD by a pHi-independent mechanism. Both progesterone and insulin
      increased protein synthesis in oocytes by 35%, and amiloride inhibited basal
      protein synthesis but not the increase with hormone. In the presence of cholera
      toxin, protein synthesis increases with insulin were inhibited but increased S6
      phosphorylation was unaffected. Priming of animals with pregnant mare's serum
      gonadotropin prior to oocyte isolation reduced the time required for progesterone
      induced GVBD, and increased the synchrony of GVBD of the population. Priming also
      increased oocyte basal pHi and basal protein synthesis as well as the magnitude
      of the increase in protein synthesis with progesterone but had no effect on S6
      phosphorylation. The results indicate that in Xenopus oocytes increased pHi is
      not necessary for increased S6 phosphorylation, increased protein synthesis, or
      GVBD in response to insulin or progesterone nor is increased S6 phosphorylation
      sufficient for GVBD or increased protein synthesis.

PMID- 3882485
TI  - Immunological relationship between oocyte nuclear proteins of Xenopus laevis and
      X. borealis.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (mABs) have been raised against oocyte nuclear proteins of
      Xenopus laevis and X. borealis and have been screened for species specificity.
      Although about 40% of all germinal vesicle polypeptides differ between the two
      species as judged by two-dimensional gel analysis, most mABs react with
      polypeptides of both species. Biochemical analysis of the antigens by
      immunoblotting revealed that a homologue of each antigen of one species could be
      detected in the other species, despite frequent differences in molecular
      structure. Nevertheless, five strictly species-specific mABs have been
      identified. All five are directed against the same acidic polypeptide B3 of X.
      borealis, which is a structurally altered homologue of the protein N1, previously
      described in X. laevis germinal vesicles. In oocyte nuclei of hybrids between X.
      laevis females and X. borealis males, polypeptide of both species appear to be
      accumulated equivalently. Exceptions to this rule are most easily explained by
      differences between individuals and by the loss of certain alleles resulting from
      the cross.

PMID- 3882484
TI  - Effects of different fragments of the fibronectin molecule on latex bead
      translocation along neural crest migratory pathways.
AB  - Previous studies from this laboratory have utilized latex beads as probes of
      embryonic migratory pathways. After microinjection into embryos at the time of
      neural crest migration, uncoated latex polystyrene beads were found to
      translocate to ventral sites and to settle in the vicinity of endogenous neural
      crest derivatives. However, latex beads coated with fibronectin did not
      translocate ventrally, but remained associated with cells surrounding the
      implantation site. Fibronectin is a large glycoprotein with a variety of
      biological activities and multiple binding domains. Here, the binding activities
      which might be responsible for immobilization of the fibronectin-coated beads are
      examined. Latex beads were coated with three types of fragments of the
      fibronectin molecule representing different functional domains: (i) a 66-kDa
      fragment containing collagen-binding activity; (ii) a mixture of 45- and 32-kDa
      fragments containing heparin-binding activity; and (iii) a 120-kDa fragment
      containing cell-binding activity. The beads coated with fibronectin fragments
      were injected into the newly formed trunk somites of avian embryos. After
      injection, beads coated with either the heparin- or the collagen-binding domain
      translocated ventrally and distributed analogously to uncoated latex beads. In
      contrast, the majority of beads coated with the fibronectin cell-binding domain
      did not translocate but remained associated with dermamyotomal cells surrounding
      the injection site. The cell-binding fragment, however, was not as effective as
      the intact fibronectin molecule in preventing translocation of the beads. The
      results suggest that the cell-binding domain is primarily responsible for
      restriction of fibronectin beads from the ventral neural crest pathway. Because
      intact fibronectin is more effective at immobilizing beads than is the cell
      binding fragment, other binding domains of fibronectin, more efficient coating
      with intact fibronectin, or crosslinking of intact fibronectin molecules may also
      play some role in immobilization of the beads at the implantation site.

PMID- 3882487
TI  - Influence of maternal diabetes in rats on hemoglobin synthesis and uridine uptake
      by fetal liver cells.
AB  - The effect of streptozocin (STZ)-induced maternal diabetes in rats on fetal
      erythropoiesis was studied in short-term cultures of fetal liver cells at the
      time of switch from embryonic to adult hemoglobins. Liver erythroid cell
      functions were monitored by measuring the incorporation of [3H]-uridine in
      trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble and -insoluble cell fractions and of [3H]
      leucine in hemoglobin chains. Fetal liver cells of diabetic rats showed a higher
      incorporation of [3H]-uridine compared with controls when the cells were obtained
      from 14-day-old fetuses. However, there were no significant differences in the
      uptake of uridine when cells were obtained from 16-day-old fetuses. In parallel
      cell cultures, incorporation of [3H]-leucine into adult and embryonic globin
      chains was studied by separation of the globin chains by high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC). The overall globin chain synthesis was higher in the
      fetuses of diabetic mothers compared with controls on day 14 of gestation.
      Erythropoietin had similar effects on the stimulation of globin chains in the two
      groups of fetuses. However, in the fetuses of diabetic mothers, erythropoietin
      had a specific stimulatory effect on embryonic-type globins that was
      significantly higher in the fetuses of diabetic mothers compared with controls.
      Differences between fetuses of control and diabetic mothers completely
      disappeared at 16 days of gestation. It is concluded that maternal diabetes has
      an effect on the cells synthesizing embryonic hemoglobins on day 14 of gestation,
      but by the time the switch from embryonic to adult-type hemoglobins is complete,
      these differences are abolished.

PMID- 3882486
TI  - Autoantibodies against the insulin receptor. Dissociation of the acute effects of
      the antibodies from the desensitization seen with prolonged exposure.
AB  - The effect of antibodies against the insulin receptor (anti-R) found in a patient
      with the type B syndrome of insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans was
      characterized using 3T3-L1 cultured fat cells. Anti-R acutely mimicked the action
      of insulin by stimulating deoxyglucose uptake. With more prolonged exposure, this
      insulinomimetic effect decayed, glucose metabolism returned to basal levels, and
      the cells became severely resistant to the actions of insulin. As seen with anti
      R from a previous patient, desensitization consisted of both a dramatic decrease
      in the maximal responsiveness of the cells to insulin and a shift in the dose
      response curve for insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation. The acute and chronic
      effects of anti-R were then compared. The concentration of anti-R required to
      half-maximally inhibit insulin binding averaged more than twice that required for
      half-maximal stimulation of deoxyglucose uptake, consistent with the amount of
      spare receptors in 3T3-L1 cells. After prolonged exposure, the insulinomimetic
      activity was completely lost at all concentrations of anti-R, even at those that
      did not completely induce insulin resistance. Thus, loss of the insulinomimetic
      activity of anti-R is necessary, but not sufficient, to cause desensitization.
      Less anti-R was required to desensitize cells to insulin than would have been
      predicted on the basis of the acute inhibition of binding and the number of spare
      receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3882488
TI  - Evidence that bacitracin alters intracellular insulin metabolism in isolated rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - The effect of bacitracin on intracellular insulin degradation was investigated
      using an isolated rat hepatocyte preparation in which essentially all insulin
      degradation was due to cell-mediated processes. Bacitracin produced a
      concentration-dependent decrease in the degradation of insulin to products
      soluble in trichloroacetic acid, with a half-maximal effect at approximately 0.5
      mM. These results were confirmed by analysis of extracted cell-bound
      radioactivity by Sephadex G-50 molecular sieve chromatography. Radioactive
      material eluting in the position of intact insulin from the G-50 column was
      further analyzed by reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography. In
      addition to intact insulin, two peaks of radioactive material less hydrophobic
      than insulin were evident. Incubation of cells in the presence of 0.5 mM
      bacitracin significantly (P less than 0.05) altered the distribution of
      radioactivity in these two peaks. These results indicate that bacitracin
      significantly affects hepatocyte insulin metabolism and suggest that the
      continued use of bacitracin in studies of hepatocyte-insulin interaction should
      be avoided.

PMID- 3882489
TI  - The effect of insulin treatment on insulin secretion and insulin action in type
      II diabetes mellitus.
AB  - We have studied the effects of 3 wk of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
      (CSII) on endogenous insulin secretion and action in a group of 14 type II
      diabetic subjects with a mean (+/-SEM) fasting glucose level of 286 +/- 17 mg/dl.
      Normal basal and postprandial glucose levels were achieved during insulin therapy
      at the expense of marked peripheral hyperinsulinemia. During the week of
      posttreatment evaluation, the subjects maintained a mean fasting glucose level of
      155 +/- 11 mg/dl off insulin therapy, indicating a persistent improvement in
      carbohydrate homeostasis. Adipocyte insulin binding and in vivo insulin dose
      response curves for glucose disposal using the euglycemic clamp technique were
      measured before and after therapy to assess the effect on receptor and
      postreceptor insulin action. Adipocyte insulin binding did not change. The
      insulin dose-response curve for overall glucose disposal remained right-shifted
      compared with age-matched controls, but the mean maximal glucose disposal rate
      increased by 74% from 160 +/- 14 to 278 +/- 18 mg/m2/min (P less than 0.0005).
      The effect of insulin treatment on basal hepatic glucose output was also
      assessed; the mean rate was initially elevated at 159 +/- 8 mg/m2/min but fell to
      90 +/- 5 mg/m2/min in the posttreatment period (P less than 0.001), a value
      similar to that in control subjects. Endogenous insulin secretion was assessed in
      detail and found to be improved after exogenous insulin therapy. Mean 24-h
      integrated serum insulin and C-peptide concentrations were increased from 21,377
      +/- 2766 to 35,584 +/- 4549 microU/ml/min (P less than 0.01) and from 1653 +/-
      215 to 2112 +/- 188 pmol/ml/min (P less than 0.05), respectively, despite lower
      glycemia. Second-phase insulin response to an intravenous (i.v.) glucose
      challenge was enhanced from 170 +/- 53 to 1022 +/- 376 microU/ml/min (P less than
      0.025), although first-phase response remained minimal. Finally, the mean insulin
      and C-peptide responses to an i.v. glucagon pulse were unchanged in the
      posttreatment period, but when glucose levels were increased by exogenous glucose
      infusion to approximate the levels observed before therapy and the glucagon pulse
      repeated, responses were markedly enhanced. Simple and multivariate correlation
      analysis showed that only measures of basal hepatic glucose output and the
      magnitude of the postbinding defect in the untreated state could be related to
      the respective fasting glucose levels in individual subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3882490
TI  - Impaired insulin biosynthetic capacity in a rat model for non-insulin-dependent
      diabetes. Studies with dexamethasone.
AB  - These studies of a rat model for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
      were performed to determine whether hyperglycemia occurs when capacity to
      synthesize insulin is exceeded. The neonatal streptozocin (STZ)-treated rat has
      acute hyperglycemia with marked destruction of pancreatic beta-cells, followed by
      gradual regeneration to 50-70% normal beta-cell number. At age 4 wk, fed serum
      glucose concentration is only mildly elevated relative to controls. With age, the
      rats become progressively hyperglycemic, and by 12 wk they have marked impairment
      of glucose-stimulated insulin release. In these studies, dexamethasone (0.125
      mg/kg/day for 4 days) was administered to control and to STZ-treated animals to
      produce insulin resistance. The relationship between insulin biosynthesis and
      serum glucose concentrations was assessed. In control rats, response to
      dexamethasone was similar at both 4 and 12 wk. Serum glucose levels and
      pancreatic insulin concentration remained unchanged. Both insulin biosynthetic
      rates (as measured by 3H-leucine incorporation into proinsulin) and proinsulin
      mRNA levels increased twofold. STZ-treated rats at age 4 wk demonstrated mild
      hyperglycemia. Dexamethasone injection resulted in an increase in insulin
      biosynthesis and proinsulin mRNA in these animals, while serum glucose did not
      increase. STZ-treated rats at 12 wk showed more profound hyperglycemia (serum
      glucose 315 +/- 38 mg/dl versus control, 187 +/- 12 mg/dl). A marked rise in
      serum glucose (to 519 +/- 42 mg/dl) was observed after 4 days of dexamethasone
      injection. Pancreatic insulin content became severely depleted relative to saline
      injected, STZ-treated animals, and there was no response of levels of proinsulin
      mRNA.

PMID- 3882491
TI  - Gliclazide therapy is associated with potentiation of postbinding insulin action
      in obese, non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.
AB  - Six obese, non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects were studied before and 3 mo
      after treatment with the sulfonylurea gliclazide, 40-80 mg b.i.d. Fasting plasma
      glucose fell significantly from 13.4 +/- 1.6 (SEM) to 8.6 +/- 1.2 mmol/L,
      accompanied by a significant reduction from 40.6 +/- 3.7 to 29.8 +/- 2.8 mM X h
      of the plasma glucose response to 75 g oral glucose. Fasting plasma insulin
      showed a nonsignificant increase from 24.8 +/- 2.0 to 31.3 +/- 2.3 mU/L. The
      percent specific binding of tracer 125I-insulin to erythrocytes and monocytes did
      not change significantly (from 9.8 +/- 1.7 to 8.5 +/- 0.7 for erythrocytes and
      1.7 +/- 0.3 to 1.6 +/- 0.4 for monocytes). Glucose utilization was measured at
      three levels of insulin infusion (40, 100, and 300 mU/kg/h) by the euglycemic
      clamp technique. Overall there was a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in
      the disappearance rate (Rd) and metabolic clearance rate (MCRg) for glucose at
      the two higher insulin infusion rates (MCRg: 3.3 +/- 0.7 to 5.1 +/- 0.7 and 5.9
      +/- 0.9 to 7.9 +/- 0.9 ml/kg/min), but not at the lowest infusion rate (MCRg: 3.6
      +/- 0.8 to 3.3 +/- 0.6). Thus, the chronic hypoglycemic effect of gliclazide in
      obese diabetic subjects was associated with an improvement in insulin-mediated
      glucose utilization at high plasma insulin concentrations. This enhanced effect
      of insulin after gliclazide treatment was not accompanied by increased monocyte
      or erythrocyte insulin binding, which suggests that it was due to potentiation of
      postbinding insulin-sensitive pathways.

PMID- 3882492
TI  - Do pancreatic islets contain significant amounts of phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase or ferroactivator activity?
AB  - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity was measured in rat pancreatic islet
      cytosol and mitochondria. No carboxykinase activity was detected under a variety
      of conditions, including those that increase phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
      activity in nonislet tissues, such as starving animals or incubating the islet
      extracts with Fe2+ or Mn2+ before assaying for enzyme activity. The amounts of
      islet cytosol protein used exceeded those of liver in companion assays used as
      controls. It was calculated that if islet phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
      activity was 0.005 that of liver, or 1 X 10(-5) as high as pyruvate kinase
      activity in islets, it should have been detected in the assays used.
      Ferroactivator is a protein that permits Fe2+ to activate phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase and it is ubiquitous to many tissues that do and even do not
      contain the carboxykinase. Ferroactivator activity was not detectable in
      pancreatic islets. Pyruvate kinase, an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction that is
      essentially the opposite of that catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
      (i.e., phosphoenolpyruvate formation), is plentiful in islet cytosol. Therefore,
      even if phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity is present in pancreatic
      islets, it is so low that it is unlikely that phosphoenolpyruvate formation would
      be favored and the contribution of the carboxykinase to intracellular
      carbohydrate metabolism must be quantitatively unimportant.

PMID- 3882493
TI  - Insulin secretion in vitro and insulin binding to isolated hepatocytes in
      congenic mice with different H-2 complexes.
AB  - Congenic male mice with differences in the H-2 complex have been used to
      investigate insulin secretion in vitro, insulin binding to isolated hepatocytes,
      plasma glucose, and serum insulin. Plasma glucose and serum insulin did not show
      consistent differences in the B10.BR, B10.D2, B10.A, B10.G, B10.M, B10.S,
      C57/10SCSN, and C3H.OH strains. Isolated islets of Langerhans responded to
      stimulation with 400 mg/dl glucose with a 3-5-fold increase in insulin secretion
      rates (2P less than 0.01): B10.BR greater than B10.M greater than C57BL/10SCSN
      greater than B10.G greater than C3H.OH, B10.D2, B10.A, B10.S. The biphasic
      pattern of insulin secretion was less distinct in B10.M, B10.G, and C3H.OH mice.
      The high-affinity constants of insulin binding to isolated hepatocytes at 37
      degrees C varied between 4.5 X 10(7) L X mol-1 and 4.5 X 10(8) L X mol-1 (2P less
      than 0.01): B10.A greater than B10.BR greater than C57BL/10SCSN, B10.S, B10.D2
      greater than B10.M, B10.G. The glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated
      islets of Langerhans and the binding of insulin to isolated hepatocytes correlate
      to the H-2 complex independently.

PMID- 3882494
TI  - An ascochlorin derivative, AS-6, reduces insulin resistance in the genetically
      obese diabetic mouse, db/db.
AB  - An ascochlorin derivative, AS-6, is a new hypoglycemic agent orally active in
      both obese hyperinsulinemic and insulin-deficient diabetic animal models. AS-6,
      when given as a 0.025-0.2% admixture in the diet, dose-dependently ameliorated
      polydipsia, polyuria, and glycosuria in the genetically obese diabetic mouse,
      C57BL/KsJ db/db, while neither insulin nor tolbutamide showed any beneficial
      effects. The amelioration by AS-6 was associated with a marked decrease in serum
      glucose and triglyceride. The effects persisted at least 10 wk, accompanied by a
      steady decrease in drinking water consumption. The chronic treatment prevented
      pancreatic islet degeneration, e.g., degranulation of the beta-cells, basophilic
      appearance of the exocrine border around the islets, and small round cell
      infiltration. The isolated islets from AS-6-treated mice released much more
      insulin in response to glucose than those from untreated controls. A significant
      correlation between serum immunoreactive insulin and glucose/triglyceride from
      both treated and untreated mice suggests that AS-6 restores sensitivity and
      responsiveness to insulin to the mice. In fact, the combined treatment with
      insulin synergistically decreased serum glucose by 50% below AS-6 treatment
      alone. Furthermore, the epididymal fat pad slices from AS-6-treated db/db mice
      increased CO2 generation and lipogenesis over the untreated controls, and the
      glucose metabolic rate (CO2 generation plus lipogenesis from U-[14C]-glucose) in
      the slices and the serum glucose level inversely correlated at r =
      0.8799.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3882495
TI  - The metabolic clearance of insulin and the feedback inhibition of insulin
      secretion are altered with aging.
AB  - Elevated basal and stimulated insulin levels have been previously demonstrated in
      elderly human subjects. To see whether these elevated insulin levels are due to
      alterations in either the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) for insulin or the
      feedback inhibition of insulin secretion, we have studied 14 elderly and 19
      nonelderly subjects, mean age 70 +/- 2 and 35 +/- 2 yr, respectively. Fasting
      serum insulin and C-peptide levels were elevated in the elderly compared with the
      nonelderly, 17 +/- 2 versus 11 +/- 1 microU/ml, P less than 0.01 and 0.95 +/-
      0.12 versus 0.47 +/- 0.07 pmol/ml, P less than 0.001. Euglycemic hyperinsulinemia
      created by insulin infusion rates of 15, 40, and 1200 mU/m2/min with glucose held
      constant resulted in steady-state serum insulin levels of 65 +/- 4, 109 +/- 8,
      and 11,316 +/- 890 versus 34 +/- 2, 96 +/- 5, and 11,083 +/- 1079 microU/ml in
      the elderly and nonelderly subjects, respectively. The MCR of insulin was
      decreased by 46% in the elderly compared with the nonelderly (10.1 +/- 0.7 versus
      18.7 +/- 1.4 ml/kg/min) at the insulin infusion rate of 15 mU/m2/min with no
      difference observed between the two groups at the higher insulin infusions.
      Steady-state suppression of C-peptide by exogenous insulin was similar, 73 +/- 2%
      versus 72 +/- 2% and 70 +/- 3% versus 64 +/- 5% in the nonelderly and elderly
      groups during the 15 and 40 mU/m2/min insulin infusions, respectively. However,
      50% suppression was achieved within 30 min in the nonelderly group compared with
      70 min in the elderly group during the low-dose infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3882496
TI  - Abnormal myocardial calcium uptake in streptozocin-diabetic rats. Evidence for a
      direct insulin effect on catecholamine sensitivity.
AB  - Myocardial calcium uptake after isoproterenol (ISO) in the isolated, perfused
      heart was investigated at 24-h intervals after the injection of streptozocin
      (STZ) in rats. After 4 days, when hyperglycemia had persisted for 3 days,
      myocardial calcium uptake in response to this strong beta-adrenergic agonist fell
      significantly to the level of unstimulated hearts, which also was the level of
      propranolol-pretreated hearts exposed to ISO. Insulin, when given in vivo 60-90
      min before perfusion, led to a complete normalization of this ISO response in
      diabetic rats (duration 8 days), while in vitro addition of insulin to the
      perfusate (0.1 U/ml) significantly increased, while not completely normalizing,
      the ISO-induced myocardial calcium uptake. Insulin, therefore, has a direct
      effect on this beta-adrenergic response in diabetic rats and streptozocin in
      itself does not cause the desensitization. Considering the essential role of this
      calcium transport for the electromechanical coupling in the heart, such
      metabolically induced changes in catecholamine sensitivity might hypothetically
      have relevance for the increased incidence of heart failure in diabetes.

PMID- 3882497
TI  - Skeletal muscle basement membrane in maturity-onset diabetes in the young.
AB  - We have studied skeletal muscle capillary basement membrane width (CBMW) and
      intensity of skeletal muscle extracellular basement membrane staining for albumin
      and IgG in eight families with maturity-onset diabetes in the young (MODY).
      Ninety-two MODY patients were identified. Sixty-three of these patients, 33
      relatives with nondiagnostic oral glucose tolerance studies, and 61 normoglycemic
      relatives were studied for glucose and insulin. Twenty-six of these MODY
      patients, 20 normoglycemic relatives, and 16 unrelated normal controls had
      skeletal muscle capillary morphologic studies. The muscle capillary basement
      membrane was significantly increased in MODY patients younger than 40 yr when
      compared with unrelated normal subjects and relatives of the same age (P less
      than 0.001). However, in these families, the CBMW of MODY patients showed no
      significant thickening with age (slope = 0.45, P less than 0.14), as expected and
      seen in the normal subjects and in the normoglycemic relatives of the patients
      (slope = 1.21, P less than 0.001). The slope derived from the linear regression
      of age and CBMW in MODY patients (0.45 +/- 0.29) was significantly less (P less
      than 0.05) than that of the nondiabetic subjects (1.21 +/- 0.19). The mean
      intensity of skeletal muscle extracellular basement membrane staining for albumin
      was higher in MODY patients (1.1 +/- 0.15) than in unrelated normal subjects (0.7
      +/- 0.1, P less than 0.025) and normal MODY family members (0.6 +/- 0.08, P less
      than 0.01). The unexpected absence of basement membrane thickening with age in
      the MODY patients may explain the paucity of vascular complications that have
      been reported by some.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3882498
TI  - Effects of anti-insulin receptor antibodies on in vivo insulin metabolism.
AB  - The effects of anti-insulin receptor antibodies (AIRA) on receptor binding and
      insulin metabolism were studied in two patients with the type B, severe insulin
      resistance syndrome. Insulin binding was determined using rat hepatocytes in
      primary culture and the patient's own red blood cells. Plasma and urinary insulin
      concentrations and metabolic clearance rates (MCR) were determined in the two
      patients and in four normal controls in response to infusions of insulin for 60
      120 min at rates ranging from 1 to 925 mU/kg/min. In patient 1, basal insulin
      concentration was 1400 microU/ml. After infusion of 1, 10, and 925 mU/kg/min of
      insulin it rose to 3800, 5500, and 225,000 microU/ml, respectively. Respective
      MCRs were 19, 110, and 186 ml/min. In patient 2, basal insulin concentration was
      440 microU/ml. After infusion of 1, 10, and 100 mU/kg/min of insulin it rose to
      720, 2500, and 18,800 microU/ml, respectively. Respective MCRs were 193, 262, and
      294 ml/min. In controls, basal insulin concentration was 4 +/- 0.3 microU/ml.
      After infusion of 1 and 10 mU/kg/min of insulin, it rose to 82 +/- 17 and 1288 +/
      50 microU/ml. Respective MCRs were 950 and 630 ml/min. These data showed that,
      in patients with AIRA: (1) insulin metabolism took place at the same rate but at
      higher insulin concentrations than in normal controls, and (2) MCR increased with
      rising insulin concentration but remained subnormal even at the highest insulin
      concentrations. In contrast, MCR in normal controls decreased with increasing
      insulin concentrations. The data suggest that prevention of insulin binding
      prevents insulin metabolism at physiologic insulin concentrations and that
      supraphysiologically elevated insulin concentrations are needed to activate
      nonreceptor mechanisms.

PMID- 3882499
TI  - Pump-induced insulin aggregation. A problem with the Biostator.
AB  - A fall in plasma IRI despite constant C-peptide levels during prolonged insulin
      euglycemic clamp studies using the Biostator (Ames Division, Miles Laboratories,
      Elkhart, Indiana) prompted a meticulous evaluation of the Biostator's insulin
      delivery system. At slow infusion rates, a striking loss of immunoreactive and
      biologically active insulin was observed after 6 h of the Biostator run. Studies
      with labeled insulin indicated that the loss of insulin was not due to adsorption
      of insulin to the tubing since recovery of labeled insulin was close to 100%. A
      variety of techniques (gel filtration, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      centrifugation, and Coomassie Brilliant Blue protein assay) indicated that the
      loss of insulin activity was due to insulin coming out of solution. The insoluble
      nature of the immunologically and biologically inactive insulin was confirmed by
      centrifugation, i.e., 88% 125I-insulin precipitated into the pellet. The
      dependency of this loss of insulin activity on flow rate was clearly demonstrable
      with activity (IRI) less than 20% of expected at flow rates of 2.1 ml/h, and 30%
      at 4.2 ml/h. Full recovery was observed only with flow rates of 16.8 ml/h or
      greater. At each flow rate, IRI rose only after delivery of the effluent between
      the pump and exit port, demonstrating that insulin alteration occurs within the
      pump assembly presumably from heat-induced aggregation. Investigators employing
      the Biostator should carefully examine their systems for this time- and flow rate
      dependent alteration of insulin. The loss of IRI at low flow rates (low-dose
      insulin clamp or insulin delivery during basal periods) will profoundly influence
      data generated from the Biostator.

PMID- 3882500
TI  - Glucose-induced increases in renal hemodynamic function. Possible modulation by
      renal prostaglandins.
AB  - Increased glomerular filtration rate and kidney size early in the course of
      experimental and human diabetes may be important in the pathogenesis of diabetic
      nephropathy. Factors causing these renal functional changes are unknown. The
      isolated, perfused rat kidney (IPRK) was used to study the effects of elevated
      glucose levels on kidneys from normal and diabetic rats in the absence of complex
      systemic effects of in vivo hyperglycemia. It was found that acute increases in
      perfusate glucose levels caused sustained dose-dependent vasodilatation in both
      normal and diabetic isolated kidneys. Furthermore, in normal kidneys, raising
      perfusate glucose to levels seen in moderately severe diabetes caused increased
      inulin clearance (Cln). In contrast, equal osmolar concentrations of mannitol
      caused sustained vasoconstriction and a slight decrease in Cln. Prostaglandin
      synthetase inhibitors reduced glucose-induced vasodilatation by 50% and prevented
      the increase in Cln that followed the addition of glucose to normal kidneys.
      Thus, these studies demonstrated that elevated glucose levels caused significant
      vasodilatation and increased Cln in the IPRK, and these glucose-induced
      hemodynamic changes were attenuated by prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. It is
      possible that these glucose-induced effects may be important determinants of
      increased glomerular function in early diabetes.

PMID- 3882501
TI  - Anti-islet cellular and humoral immunity, T-cell subsets, and thymic function in
      type I diabetes.
AB  - Peripheral lymphocyte subsets were enumerated, using OKT monoclonal sera, in 56
      diabetic (43 adults and 13 children) and 20 control subjects. Concomitantly, anti
      islet humoral and cellular immunity was tested in vitro and serum thymulin level
      was measured. In the newly diagnosed patients (less than 30 days; 18 cases), the
      percent of OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells was reduced, the OKT8+ depletion being
      particularly pronounced in children. Tests for cellular immunity were positive in
      83% of the newly diagnosed diabetic subjects and anti-islet cytotoxic antibodies
      were detected in 50%. The serum thymulin level was decreased in 2 children. Later
      on in the course of the disease, a marked reduction in OKT3+, OKT4+, and OKT8+
      cell percentage was observed, the mean OKT4/OKT8 ratio being normal or lower than
      normal. The percent of antibody-positive sera rose to 64%, while anti-islet
      cellular immunity was detectable in 54%. When extrapancreatic manifestations of
      probable autoimmune nature were present, anti-islet cellular immunity was
      detected in 100% of cases, accompanied by cytotoxic antibodies in 54%.
      CONCLUSIONS: (1) the magnitude of T-cell depletion and/or imbalance in diabetic
      subjects depended mainly on the duration of the disease, (2) anti-islet cellular
      immunity was the anomaly most frequently detectable, and (3) a decrease in serum
      thymulin level was infrequently detected.

PMID- 3882502
TI  - Insulin action during pregnancy. Studies with the euglycemic clamp technique.
AB  - To assess the mechanisms responsible for the insulin resistance associated with
      both normal human pregnancy and gestational-onset diabetes, we have measured
      exogenous glucose disposal using sequential insulin infusions with the euglycemic
      glucose clamp technique and erythrocyte insulin binding. Three groups of women
      were studied: nonpregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (N = 7, mean age
      32.9 +/- 2.1 yr), pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (N = 5, mean age
      24.8 +/- 3.5 yr), and pregnant women with gestational-onset diabetes (N = 5, mean
      age 34.6 +/- 2.6 yr). Despite normal plasma glucose levels obtained during a 100
      g oral glucose tolerance test, plasma insulin levels were significantly elevated
      in the pregnant women compared with the nonpregnant control subjects, suggesting
      a state of insulin resistance. Insulin binding to erythrocytes was similar in all
      three groups (maximum specific binding being 5.0 +/- 0.6%, 5.5 +/- 1.1%, and 6.0
      +/- 0.7% in nonpregnant, nondiabetic pregnant, and gestational-onset diabetic
      women, respectively). In vivo peripheral insulin action was measured using the
      euglycemic glucose clamp technique during an insulin infusion of 40 mU/m2 X min,
      with blood glucose clamped at a concentration of 75 mg/dl using a variable
      glucose infusion. Glucose infusion rates were 213 +/- 11 mg/m2 X min, 143 +/- 23
      mg/m2 X min, and 57 +/- 18 mg/m2 X min in nonpregnant, nondiabetic pregnant, and
      gestational-onset diabetic women, respectively. This demonstrates that pregnant
      subjects display a state of insulin resistance, and that this appears to be more
      marked in gestational-onset diabetic subjects. To further define the possible
      mechanism of insulin resistance during pregnancy, the insulin infusion rate was
      increased to 240 mU/m2 X min and further euglycemic clamp measurements performed.
      Glucose infusion rates were 372 +/- 11 mg/m2 X min, 270 +/- 31 mg/m2 X min, and
      157 +/- 26 mg/m2 X min, in nonpregnant, nondiabetic pregnant, and gestational
      onset diabetic women, respectively. This demonstrates a shift to the right of the
      dose-response curve of insulin action and suggests that the insulin resistance of
      pregnancy may include a decrease in presumed "maximum" insulin responsivity. In
      four subjects, studies were repeated in the postpartum period, and these
      demonstrated that the insulin resistance of pregnancy is ameliorated shortly
      after delivery. These studies suggest that the insulin resistance of pregnancy
      results from a target cell defect in insulin action beyond the initial step of
      insulin binding to cellular receptors, a postreceptor (or postbinding) defect in
      insulin action.

PMID- 3882503
TI  - Rapid effects of insulin on the cycling of the insulin receptor in a human
      monocyte cell line (U-937).
AB  - The insulin receptor and its regulation by insulin was studied in U-937
      monocytes, a human cell line with properties similar to those of normal
      peripheral blood monocytes. Treatment of this cell with insulin for 8-16 h
      produced an overall loss in the insulin receptor, i.e., a loss of receptors from
      the cell surface and internal pools. In contrast, short-term insulin treatment
      (15-30 min) caused a reduction in cell surface receptors but an increase in the
      internal receptors, as judged by pronase treatment at 4 degrees C to distinguish
      receptor location. After the removal of insulin and pronase, the internalized
      receptors were rapidly reinserted back into the cell surface after warming to 37
      degrees C. Further studies showed an insulin-mediated increase in fluid-phase
      pinocytosis as measured by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) uptake. The amount of HRP
      accumulation and the time course for this stimulation were similar to those for
      receptor internalization. These features plus other results suggest that the
      insulin-stimulated internalization of insulin receptors may require an
      acceleration in the rate of pinocytic vesicle formation.

PMID- 3882504
TI  - Insulin suppresses rat growth hormone messenger ribonucleic acid levels in rat
      pituitary tumor cells.
AB  - Insulin has been shown to suppress growth hormone (GH) secretion by rat pituitary
      tumor cells (GH3) independently of glucose utilization. The effects of
      physiologic doses of insulin were therefore tested on cytoplasmic levels of GH
      messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) sequences. Insulin (3.5 nM) treatment of cells
      for 5 days suppressed the hybridization of cytoplasmic GH mRNA with 32P-cDNA for
      rGH by 50%. The three- to fourfold induction of cytoplasmic GH mRNA by
      hydrocortisone (1 microM) was also suppressed by insulin (3.5 nM) by 40%. The
      results show a direct suppression of cytoplasmic rGH mRNA concentration by
      physiologic doses of insulin. These findings may be due to either decreased rate
      of GH gene transcription, increased intracellular breakdown, or decreased nuclear
      cytoplasmic transport of GH mRNA caused by insulin.

PMID- 3882505
TI  - Intravenous cholangiography in the CT era.
AB  - With the availability of computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US),
      percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), and endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), the use of intravenous cholangiography (IVC) has
      waned. A retrospective study of 69 intravenous cholangiograms performed from 1979
      through 1982 assessed the utility of intravenous cholangiography, as well as its
      effect on patient management, at an institution where CT was highly developed. In
      no case after normal findings on CT and/or ultrasound examination did IVC make a
      positive pathologic diagnosis. After abnormal results on CT and/or US
      examinations, in no case did IVC add to the diagnosis. Finally, after technically
      suboptimal results of CT and/or US examinations, IVC made only 1 positive
      pathologic diagnosis. Overall, IVC correctly demonstrated only 5 of 9 cases of
      common duct stones or strictures. Of the 26 cases with anatomical correlation
      there were a total of 7 false-positive and -negative IVC examinations. In this
      series, IVC was rarely useful in the diagnosis of biliary tract disease. Given
      the high inaccuracy rate of IVC in this study, its use for the exclusion of
      biliary tract disease is discouraged.

PMID- 3882506
TI  - Hepatic amebic abscess masquerading as acute cholecystitis.
AB  - Hepatobiliary scintigraphy has disclosed a host of intrahepatic and extrahepatic
      lesions which mimic gallbladder disease. Two cases of hepatic amebic abscess are
      reported in which the presentations masqueraded as acute cholecystitis.
      Correlative, noninvasive imaging rapidly diagnosed both cases and in 1 case
      identified a serious complication.

PMID- 3882507
TI  - Development of portal vein thrombosis complicating idiopathic portal
      hypertension. A case report.
AB  - A 58-yr-old woman with biopsy-proven idiopathic portal hypertension presented
      with ascites and pretibial pitting edema. On admission, ultrasonic Doppler
      flowmetry demonstrated hepatopetal flow of a markedly reduced velocity in the
      portal vein, hepatofugal flow in the splenic vein, and a large spontaneous
      splenorenal shunt. The patient spontaneously developed hepatic encephalopathy 1
      mo later. Percutaneous transhepatic portography demonstrated mural thrombi at the
      porta hepatis after the catheter had penetrated the mural thrombi without
      resistance; there was also a long retention of contrast medium in the portal
      vein. 99mTc-Macroaggregated albumin instilled into the superior mesenteric vein
      was caught in the lungs, and no activity entered the liver. Measurements of
      ammonia and immunoreactive insulin clearly indicated that superior mesenteric
      venous blood was shunted through the splenic vein and the splenorenal shunt.
      Subsequent ultrasonic examination with Doppler flowmetry suggested further growth
      of the thrombi and lack of blood flow in the portal vein. Although the procedure
      of percutaneous transhepatic catheterization could have contributed to the growth
      of thrombi, it is more likely that the thrombosis in the portal vein was a
      sequela to idiopathic portal hypertension, and was growing at the time of
      catheterization. This case may be of significance in the understanding of the
      relationship between idiopathic portal hypertension and extrahepatic portal
      obstruction.

PMID- 3882508
TI  - Role of peptidases of the human small intestine in protein digestion.

PMID- 3882509
TI  - Branched chain amino acids in the treatment of latent portosystemic
      encephalopathy. A double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study.
AB  - Branched chain amino acids have been recommended for the treatment of
      portosystemic encephalopathy based on the false neurotransmitter hypothesis. This
      hypothesis implies that by correction of the deranged amino acid pattern in the
      blood of cirrhotics, false neurotransmission and then portosystemic
      encephalopathy is improved. We conducted a double-blind crossover placebo
      controlled trial in 22 inpatients with liver cirrhosis and obtained evidence of
      latent (subclinical) portosystemic encephalopathy using an extensive psychometric
      test program. Patients received a defined diet of 35 cal/kg X day containing 1 g
      of protein. In addition, branched chain amino acids or casein in a dosage of 0.25
      g/kg X day was administered in a crossover fashion, each for 1 wk.
      Semiquantitative nitrogen balance increased during both treatments, with a
      tendency of a larger increase during branched chain amino acid treatment. At the
      same time ammonia concentration tended to decrease during branched chain amino
      acid treatment. Taking into account the crossover design, significant
      improvements attributable to branched chain amino acid treatment could be
      demonstrated in psychomotor functions (line tracing, tapping, steadiness,
      auditory reaction time), attention (digit table), and practical intelligence
      (digit symbol, number connection test).

PMID- 3882510
TI  - Human intestinal brush border peptidases.
AB  - Hydrolysis of small peptides, like disaccharide hydrolysis, is an important
      function of the intestinal brush border, but little is known of the individual
      human peptidases. The purposes of this study were to detect all human brush
      border enzymes hydrolyzing dipeptides and tripeptides, identify the most
      discriminating substrate for each enzyme in order to permit assays in crude
      mixtures, and begin biochemical characterization of each enzyme. Four brush
      border peptidases were identified. Enzymes I (aspartate aminopeptidase, E.C.
      3.4.11.7) and III (amino-oligopeptidase, E.C. 3.4.11.2) are known brush border
      enzymes. Enzymes II (membrane Gly-Leu peptidase) and IV (zinc stable Asp-Lys
      peptidase) have not been identified in human brush border previously. They are
      distinct from dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV, carboxypeptidase, and gamma-glutamyl
      transferase. The substrate most discriminating for each enzyme is alpha-Glu-beta
      naphthylamide for I (100% of the brush border activity for this substrate is due
      to enzyme I), glycylleucine for II (80%), leucyl-beta-naphthylamide for III
      (91%), and aspartyl-lysine in 5 mM Zn2+ for IV (63%). The enzymes are
      immunologically distinct and antibodies to each one localize to the brush border
      on immunohistochemical staining. Purification of 142-, 79-, 158-, and 46-fold was
      achieved for enzymes I through IV, respectively. Biochemical characteristics
      include slightly alkaline pH optima, molecular weights of 91,000-190,000, and
      evidence of metal ion involvement in activity. These studies provide necessary
      information for determining the role of brush border peptidase deficiencies in
      human disease.

PMID- 3882512
TI  - Intestinal calcium absorption is enhanced by D-glucose in diabetic and control
      rats.
AB  - The effect of glucose on intestinal absorption of calcium was studied in the
      jejunum and ileum of control, diabetic (streptozotocin-induced), and insulin
      treated diabetic rats. Intestinal absorption was determined in vivo using an in
      situ one-pass perfusion technique. In the jejunum of control and diabetic rats,
      net absorption and unidirectional lumen to mucosa flux of calcium and net
      absorption of water were significantly greater during perfusion of an isotonic
      NaCl solution, containing 15 mmol/L of glucose, than during perfusion of the same
      solution containing 15 mmol/L of mannitol instead of glucose. To determine if net
      absorption of calcium and water were related, the jejunum was perfused with a
      hypotonic solution (260 mosmol/kg) in separate groups of rats. Although net
      absorption of water was equivalent during perfusion of the hypotonic solution to
      that noted during perfusion of the isotonic glucose-containing solution, rate of
      absorption of calcium was not enhanced. Thus, it appeared that, if the
      enhancement in absorption of calcium by glucose was an effect on the passive
      absorption of calcium, it was through a mechanism not related to passive
      absorption of water. As expected, jejunal absorption of calcium was lower in
      diabetic than in control rats. Because in diabetic rats the metabolism of vitamin
      D to its active metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D, is defective, the
      enhancement in absorption of calcium by glucose did not appear to be due to a
      mechanism influenced by vitamin D metabolism. In the ileum, rate of absorption of
      calcium was lower than in the corresponding jejunum and was not significantly
      altered by the presence of glucose in the perfusion solution, by perfusion of a
      hypotonic solution, or by the diabetic state. The mechanism of action of glucose
      on calcium absorption in the jejunum needs to be studied further.

PMID- 3882511
TI  - Antibacterial activity of the pancreatic fluid.
AB  - The antibacterial activity of canine pancreatic fluid was investigated in an
      attempt to understand the resistance of this organ, when intact, to ascending
      bacterial infections. The pancreatic fluid demonstrated bactericidal activity
      against Escherichia coli, Shigella species, Salmonella species, and Klebsiella
      pneumoniae; bacteriostatic activity against coagulase-positive and coagulase
      negative staphylococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and fungistatic activity
      against Candida albicans. There was no demonstrable antibacterial activity
      against Bacteroides fragilis and Streptococcus faecalis. The antibacterial
      activity was dialyzable and pH dependent, but independent of heat, the activity
      of several digestive pancreatic enzymes, and the bacterial inoculum. Electron
      micrographs of Escherichia coli exposed to pancreatic fluid did not demonstrate
      changes in the bacterial cell wall. Tracer studies of susceptible bacteria
      demonstrated decreased leucine uptake when briefly exposed to pancreatic fluid.
      The antibacterial activity was found by column chromatography to be a small
      molecular peptide. It is likely that pancreatic antibacterial factors protect the
      pancreas from ascending bacterial infections and operate along with other factors
      in the homeostasis of the upper small bowel flora.

PMID- 3882513
TI  - The National Library of Medicine: an overlooked treasure.

PMID- 3882514
TI  - Repair of voids in cast-gold restorations.

PMID- 3882515
TI  - Design modifications for etched-metal, resin-bonded retainers.

PMID- 3882516
TI  - Crown construction to fit an existing removable partial denture.

PMID- 3882517
TI  - Rebuilding abutment teeth to permit use of an existing bridge.

PMID- 3882518
TI  - Identification by immunofluorescence of prolactin- and somatotrophin-producing
      cells in the pituitary gland of the tree frog Hyla arborea.
AB  - The indirect immunofluorescence procedure was used to localize prolactin (PRL)-
      and somatotrophin (STH)- producing cells in the pituitary distal lobe from Hyla
      arborea adult specimens. The following mammalian antisera were employed: rabbit
      anti-ovine PRL, antibovine PRL, anti-human PRL, anti-rat PRL, anti-ovine STH,
      anti-bovine STH, anti-human STH; monkey anti-rat STH. Immunocytochemical staining
      was suppressed by solid phase absorption of both anti-PRL and anti-STH with the
      specific antigen. Absorption of anti-PRL with STH and of anti-STH with PRL did
      not appreciably affect immunocytochemical staining. Treatment with the two
      antisera revealed two different reactive cell types, both acidophils. Using PRL
      antisera a strong fluorescence was found in the large acidophils located chiefly
      in the rostro-central and ventral areas of the distal lobe sagittal sections. A
      somewhat weaker fluorescence was observed using STH antisera in the fewer, small
      acidophils mostly concentrated in the dorso-caudal region and only sparsely
      scattered in the other areas of the pars distalis. Strikingly, the overall
      pattern of localization shown by the two cell types is similar to their already
      known distribution in the pituitary distal lobe of some other species of urodele
      and anuran amphibians.

PMID- 3882520
TI  - Effect of carp gonadotropin (cGTH) and a fraction unabsorbed on concanavalin A
      Sepharose obtained from cGTH on vitellogenesis in the hypophysectomized marine
      teleost Gobius niger.
AB  - To investigate whether a differential potency on vitellogenesis exists between
      the carp gonadotropin (cGTH) and fraction I-cGTH (proteins from cGTH unbound on
      concanavalin A-Sepharose, which represent 5% of cGTH in weight),
      hypophysectomized Gobius niger were treated with the two hormonal preparations at
      the same level. Vitellogenesis was checked for synthesis of vitellogenin and yolk
      incorporation in the ovary by means of immunological studies and histological
      techniques (light and electron microscopy). In addition, increased synthesis of
      vitellogenin was induced by injection of estradiol 17 beta together with each
      gonadotropin to assess the action of the two hormonal preparations on
      vitellogenin incorporation. Oogenesis was enhanced by cGTH and fraction I-cGTH,
      and at the same dose levels both treatments produced a similar pattern of
      stimulation of vitellogenesis. Vitellogenin was found in all the blood samples of
      animals treated by the hormones (cGTH and fraction I-cGTH) alone. Vesicles of
      pinocytosis were detected by electron microscopy up to Stage IIIa of oogenesis.
      When a high synthesis of vitellogenin was induced by exogeneous estradiol 17 beta
      injections, the two gonadotropic preparations had similar effects in yolk
      incorporation. cGTH was not less potent than fraction I-cGTH in these processes
      even though the cGTH preparation contains only 5% of fraction I-cGTH. The
      contamination of cGTH by a small amount of material unbound on concanavalin
      cannot be solely responsible for the vitellogenic activity of cGTH which consists
      of 95% glycoproteins.

PMID- 3882519
TI  - In vitro induction of Xenopus oocyte maturation by 4-pregnene-17 alpha, 20 beta
      diol-3-one.
AB  - Maturation in Xenopus oocyte is initiated by progesterone and other steroids. The
      possibility that a metabolite of progesterone is the active agent was explored.
      In the present study the 20 beta-dihydro metabolite of progesterone, 4-pregnene
      17 alpha, 20 beta-diol-3-one was found to be as potent as progesterone at
      concentrations of 0.5 to 3.0 microM in inducing germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD)
      in Xenopus oocytes. The order of relative potencies of the steroids tested were
      progesterone approximately equal to 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone
      greater than 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone greater than 17 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone greater than 11-deoxycorticosterone. 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta
      dihydroprogesterone induces the production of maturation-promoting factor leading
      to GVBD. The 20 beta-dihydro metabolite may be the active metabolite under in
      vivo condition.

PMID- 3882521
TI  - Meiotic recombination and sporulation in repair-deficient strains of yeast.
AB  - A genetic system designed to monitor recombination and sporulation in various
      repair-deficient yeast strains was constructed. Variously heterozygous at seven
      or eight sites distributed across the genome, the system facilitated sensitive
      detection of changes in frequency or pattern of meiotic recombination. Ten rad
      mutants sensitive primarily to UV-irradiation and without terminal blocks in the
      sporulation process were studied. Seven were defective in excision repair (rad1,
      rad2, rad3, rad4, rad10, rad14 and rad16), and three were defective in mutagenic
      repair (rad5, rad9 and rad18). Individually, each mutant displayed behavior
      consistent with an orthodox meiosis including a wild-type meiotic recombination
      profile with respect to gene conversion, PMS and intergenic map distances.
      Accordingly, we conclude that these mutants are without major effect on meiotic
      heteroduplex formation or correction. However, certain combinations of excision
      defective mutants with rad18 exhibited marked ascosporal inviability. Tetraploids
      homozygous for rad1 and rad18 produce a large proportion of diploid spores
      containing a recessive lethal.

PMID- 3882523
TI  - Elizabeth Williams: a narrative case report.

PMID- 3882522
TI  - Meiotic recombination between duplicated genetic elements in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - We have studied the meiotic recombination behavior of strains carrying two types
      of duplications of an 18.6-kilobase HIS4 Bam HI fragment. The first type is a
      direct duplication of the HIS4 Bam HI fragment in which the repeated sequences
      are separated by Escherichia coli plasmid sequences. The second type, a tandem
      duplication, has no sequences intervening between the repeated yeast DNA. The
      HIS4 genes in each region were marked genetically so that recombination events
      between the duplicated segments could be identified. Meiotic progeny of the
      strains carrying the duplication were analyzed genetically and biochemically to
      determine the types of recombination events that had occurred. Analysis of the
      direct vs. tandem duplication suggests that the E. coli plasmid sequences are
      recombinogenic in yeast when homozygous. In both types of duplications
      recombination between the duplicated HIS4 regions occurs at high frequency and
      involves predominantly interchromosomal reciprocal exchanges (equal and unequal
      crossovers). The striking observation is that intrachromosomal reciprocal
      recombination is very rare in comparison with interchromosomal reciprocal
      recombination. However, intrachromosomal gene conversion occurs at about the same
      frequency as interchromosomal gene conversion. Reciprocal recombination events
      between regions on the same chromatid are the most infrequent exchanges. These
      data suggest that intrachromosomal reciprocal exchanges are suppressed.

PMID- 3882525
TI  - Evaluation of pirenzepine on gastric acidity in healthy volunteers using
      ambulatory 24 hour intragastric pH-monitoring.
AB  - The effect of pirenzepine on 24 hour intragastric acidity was studied in 10
      healthy volunteers using ambulatory 24 hour intragastric pH-monitoring in a
      double blind crossover study. Tests were performed on the seventh day of
      ingestion of either placebo, 75 mg pirenzepine or 150 mg pirenzepine per day. The
      drugs were given at two doses at 8.30 am and 8.30 pm. Mean nocturnal hydrogen ion
      activity during placebo treatment was 68 mmol/l +/- 9 SEM and was reduced by 75
      mg (26%, p less than 0.01) and 150 mg of pirenzepine (36%, p less than 0.01),
      respectively. Mean diurnal hydrogen ion activity was 32 mmol/l +/- 6 SEM and was
      not significantly reduced (p greater than 0.1) by either dose of pirenzepine (4%
      and 12% respectively). Thus, the effect of pirenzepine on intragastric acidity is
      small, even with high doses of the drug, and becomes apparent only during the
      night.

PMID- 3882524
TI  - Duodenal mucosa synthesis of prostaglandins in duodenal ulcer disease.
AB  - Synthesis of prostaglandins (PGE2, PGI2 and PGF2 alpha) and thromboxane A2 was
      investigated in short term incubates of duodenal mucosa biopsies. Mucosa close to
      the ulcer site synthesised significantly less PGF2 alpha (p less than 0.001) and
      PGI2 (p less than 0.002) measured as its stable metabolite 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha than
      healthy mucosa from non-ulcer patients. In paired biopsies taken from the ulcer
      site and opposite the ulcer in the same patient PGF2 alpha and PGI2 syntheses
      were both significantly and similarly depressed when compared with normal mucosa.
      Synthesis of PGE2 and TxA2 (as its stable metabolite TxB2) was not different in
      any tissue. There is a defect in the ability of the human duodenal mucosa in
      duodenal ulcer disease to synthesise PGF2 alpha and PGI2; the defect is not
      limited to the ulcer site.

PMID- 3882526
TI  - Effects of cisapride, a new gastrointestinal prokinetic substance, on
      interdigestive and postprandial motor activity of the distal oesophagus in man.
AB  - Cisapride is a newly developed substance that stimulates gastrointestinal
      motility, possibly enhancing acetylcholine release in the gut wall. The aim of
      our study was to investigate the effect of cisapride on oesophageal motor
      function in man. In a blind fashion and in random order six healthy volunteers
      received cisapride (0.5 mg/h intravenously, preceded by a three day oral loading
      at 10 mg tid) and matching placebo. Oesophageal contractions and lower
      oesophageal sphincter pressure were constantly recorded during a complete cycle
      of the interdigestive migrating motor complex and during two and half hours after
      a mixed test meal. Cisapride did not disturb the interdigestive migrating motor
      complex. In the fasting state the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure showed
      considerable interdigestive migrating motor complex phase-related variations,
      whereas amplitude and duration of the oesophageal contractions did not. In the
      dosis used cisapride was found to increase lower oesophageal sphincter pressure
      in the interdigestive and in the late postprandial state, but to have no effect
      in the early postprandial period. Amplitude and duration of oesophageal
      contractions were not affected by cisapride.

PMID- 3882527
TI  - Monocyte function in cervical carcinoma: plasma inhibitor of monocyte chemotaxis.
AB  - Blood monocyte function was tested in 43 untreated patients with carcinoma of the
      cervix (stages Ib to IIIb) and 50 age-matched controls. Monocyte counts, adhesion
      to glass, spreading on glass, phagocytosis and killing of Candida albicans, and
      chemotaxis under agarose were not significantly different between the patient and
      control groups. In 65% of a further series of 17 patient/control pairs, the
      plasma of cervical carcinoma patients was shown to contain a cell-directed
      inhibitor of monocyte chemotaxis. The accumulated evidence indicates that
      production of such factors by malignant tumors is an important mechanism in
      counteracting mononuclear phagocyte defense.

PMID- 3882528
TI  - [Experimental tendon sheath reconstruction using autologous vein transplants].
AB  - The authors compared the spontaneous healing of the flexor tendon sheath of the
      5th digit in dogs following injury with the healing of the injured flexor tendon
      sheath and the formation of peritendinous fibrous tissue of the second digit
      following reconstruction using an autologous vein graft. Combined gross and
      microscopic examination at a certain time after the procedure indicated that the
      nonreconstructive tendon sheath defect was filled with granulation tissue or
      early scar tissue adherent to the tendon. Those whose tendon sheaths were
      reconstructed with autologous vein grafts showed the absence of scar tissue two
      weeks later. Between the vein graft and the flexor tendons was minimal loosely
      attached fibrous tissue.

PMID- 3882529
TI  - [Flexion contracture of the interphalangeal joint in Dupuytren disease. Anatomic
      and clinical observations].
AB  - The cutaneous ligaments of the fingers which we detect seldom during routine
      operations, are demonstrated by anatomical preparation. Because they are involved
      in the tissue alterations of Dupuytren's disease the authors hope to clarify the
      different mechanisms of finger joint contracture.

PMID- 3882530
TI  - [Clinical experiences in the use of lymphovenous anastomoses in secondary
      lymphedema].
AB  - Secondary lymphedema of the arm after therapy for breast cancer has a frequency
      of about 30% in the Federal Republic of Germany. Many authors have performed
      lympho-venous anastomoses to release lymphostatic edema, most using microsurgical
      technique. In this paper the authors present microlympho-venous anastomoses done
      in a telescope-like manner and using fibrin glue. First this technique was
      applied to dogs, later to patients. Measurement of the limb and of the limb
      volume at different levels were done pre- and postoperatively. Investigations
      with radionucleides were undertaken in some cases to measure lymphatic clearance.
      The operations were performed under local anaesthesia with perioperative
      antibiotic prophylaxis. The procedure was well tolerated by the patients,
      achieving a reduction of the swelling of about 30%. Despite the short follow-up
      of only six months and the limited number of cases we feel that this type of
      therapy should be offered to patients with secondary lymphedema.

PMID- 3882531
TI  - [Improvement of suture technic in flexor tendon injuries. Clinical and
      experimental study].
AB  - Multiple causes for the rupture of sutured tendons have been reported. At the
      time of exploration, loosening of the knot and breakage of the suture have been
      found to explain failure. A knot with four throws is frequently mentioned in
      various series as the smallest secure knot which can be made when employing a
      braided polyester suture material. Experiments have shown that the distance
      between the ends of the tendons affects the healing process and the tensile
      strength of the injured tendons. In order to avoid increasing the gap between the
      sutured ends of the tendons with the thick knot, it can be placed away from the
      cut surface of the tendons and displaced into the proximal or distal end of the
      tendons with a small additional incision. Through a longitudinal incision, the
      suture is easily passed in a criss cross fashion through the tendon and the knot
      can be buried in the tendon. This technique assures a very delicate and exact
      coaptation of the tendon ends. Almost 100% of the tendons remain intact during
      the healing phase. According to this experience, the risk of tendon rupture is
      reduced as a result of an increase in the tensile strength of the suture and the
      displacement of the knot away from the cut surface of the tendon.

PMID- 3882532
TI  - Genetic toxicology in industry: perspectives and initiatives.
AB  - Recent studies support the view that, incidents apart, synthetic chemicals in
      general present only an industrial hygiene problem. It is also apparent that, if
      performed well, the Salmonella assay plus a genetically independent eukaryotic
      assay will be sufficient to detect genotoxins in vitro, while the in vivo
      micronucleus assay, linked to a liver genotoxicity assay, will alert to
      significant carcinogens. Some 'carcinogens' are not genotoxic, are weak and are
      usually species/organ specific in their action; they should be recognized as
      different and treated separately. Cancer bioassays could probably be discontinued
      except in special cases. Current protocols for such assays often yield misleading
      data and are unnecessarily expensive. When seeking significant environmental
      carcinogens and mutagens it would be profitable to turn away from industrial
      chemicals, despite the fact that they are readily available. In summary, it is
      suggested that there now exist short-term methods from the results of which it is
      possible to decide, with a high level of certainty, whether a compound will be a
      rodent carcinogen at dose levels that may be relevant to man.

PMID- 3882533
TI  - The effect and mode of action of zinc pyrithione on cell growth. I. In vitro
      studies.
AB  - The effects of zinc pyrithione (ZnPTO) were studied in a series of in vitro tests
      to determine whether its mode of action is primarily cytostatic or cytotoxic.
      Sodium pyrithione (NaPTO) was also studied, to check that pyrithione was the
      active moiety, and the known cytostatic chemical hydroxyurea was included for
      comparison. ZnPTO had a reversible inhibitory effect on the growth of BHK 21
      cells at 0.1 microgram/ml, but had a rapid, irreversible inhibitory effect at 1
      microgram/ml associated with cell rounding and detachment. NaPTO produced a
      similar effect but hydroxyurea produced an essentially reversible inhibition even
      at a dose well above that producing complete inhibition. ZnPTO and NaPTO both
      caused contraction, rounding and blebbing of BHK 21 cells in perfusion-chamber
      tests, at higher levels (1 and 10 micrograms/ml) than required for growth
      inhibition, but only 10 micrograms ZnPTO/ml caused lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
      release. Hydroxyurea had no effects in these tests. ZnPTO and NaPTO also reduced
      the survival of Chinese hamster V79 cells sharply over a narrow dose range (0.01
      0.03 microgram/ml), but the effect of hydroxyurea was not as sharp and occurred
      at much higher doses. All three showed elements of cytostasis and cytotoxicity as
      demonstrated by analysis of the relationship between survival and colony area. Of
      the three, only ZnPTO (at greater than or equal to 5 micrograms/ml) caused
      significant LDH release from the cells, though both ZnPTO and NaPTO (at 0.1-1
      microgram/ml) inhibited cell growth as indicated by total LDH values. In studies
      with rat peritoneal mast cells, ZnPTO and NaPTO (at 10 ng/ml) both suppressed
      histamine release induced by 48/80 or Ca ionophore A23187, though neither caused
      histamine release directly. The combined results of these tests show that ZnPTO
      is primarily cytotoxic, rather than cytostatic.

PMID- 3882534
TI  - [A rich medical yield. Scientific intercourse with old sources discloses an
      abundance of buried knowledge].

PMID- 3882535
TI  - [Effect of buflomedil on microcirculation of the skin in acral gangrene].

PMID- 3882536
TI  - [From fermentation to genetics. The Pasteur Institute at almost 100 years in the
      service of health].

PMID- 3882537
TI  - [Acemetacin in the treatment of arthroses of the hip and knee joints. Results of
      a double blind trial compared with piroxicam].

PMID- 3882538
TI  - Different acute in vivo effects of bacterial derived and pituitary growth hormone
      preparations on plasma levels of glucagon, insulin and free fatty acids in
      rabbits.
AB  - Intravenous injection of high doses of bacterial derived growth hormone (1 and 2
      mg Somatonorm) did not affect the plasma levels of glucagon, insulin and free
      fatty acids in fasted and fed rabbits. On the other hand, 1 and 2 mg human
      extracted growth hormone (Crescormon) had stimulatory effects on plasma levels of
      glucagon, insulin and free fatty acids. These results indicate that the observed
      stimulatory effects in the rabbits were not due to the growth hormone molecule
      itself. It was shown by gel filtration and SDS electrophoresis that Crescormon
      contained constituents that were not present in Somatonorm. The differences in
      the observed metabolic effects of bacterial derived and pituitary growth hormone
      preparations in the rabbits could possibly be attributed to a human pituitary
      lipid-mobilizing factor LMF.

PMID- 3882539
TI  - Insulin and glucagon release from the ventral and dorsal parts of the perfused
      pancreas of the rat. Effects of glucose, arginine, glucagon and carbamylcholine.
AB  - The ventral and the dorsal parts of the rat pancreas were perfused separately via
      either the superior mesenteric artery (0.6 ml/min) or the coeliac artery (1.4
      ml/min). Control perfusions were performed via both arteries (2 ml/min).
      Expressed relative to the weight of tissue, the insulin content was comparable in
      the ventral and dorsal parts whereas the glucagon content was 2.5 times lower in
      the ventral than dorsal part. In comparison to the dorsal or total pancreas, the
      insulin secretory activity of the ventral pancreas was markedly decreased in
      response to either an elevation of the glucose concentration or the
      administration of carbamylcholine or arginine. The difference between the ventral
      and dorsal response was less marked at low glucose concentrations (3.3 or 7.0
      mmol/l) and, possibly, in response to glucagon. In the case of glucagon release,
      a decreased response of the ventral pancreas was only observed when glucagon
      output was fully stimulated by the administration of arginine at a low glucose
      concentration. These results indicate that the B cell in the ventral pancreas
      responds poorly to several stimuli. There was little evidence to support the
      involvement of endogenous glucagon in the diminished sensitivity of the ventral B
      cells.

PMID- 3882540
TI  - A review of the hematologic side effects of lithium.

PMID- 3882541
TI  - Vietnam veterans in the general hospital.
AB  - Posttraumatic stress disorder is now well known to occur among Vietnam combat
      veterans. The interest in this diagnosis may have caused an unintentional neglect
      of veterans with problems that do not meet the strict criteria of DSM-III for
      this disorder. The authors studied 300 Vietnam veterans admitted to a general
      hospital to determine their level of symptomatology and to gather data on this
      previously unstudied group. More than 75 percent of the sample were medical
      surgical patients; about 50 percent had high levels of depression and symptoms of
      posttraumatic stress disorder, or both. Combat veterans were considerably more
      symptomatic; more than 50 percent of the patients with the highest levels of
      combat activity were on nonpsychiatric wards. The authors suggest the need to
      identify Vietnam veterans on medical and surgical wards. Reluctance to talk about
      war experiences makes Vietnam veterans a group likely to be overlooked.

PMID- 3882542
TI  - A program to manage problem behavior in a VA domiciliary.

PMID- 3882543
TI  - Medicare reform details are still vague.

PMID- 3882544
TI  - New rules raise hopes for Medicare HMOs.

PMID- 3882545
TI  - Silicone granulomas: report of three cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Since silicone is rapidly becoming one of the most commonly used biomaterials in
      modern medicine, pathologists will be observing increasing numbers of cases of
      silicone-related disease. Although numerous case reports have established that
      silicone elicits a characteristic response in tissues, the varying tissue
      reactions to silicone gels, liquids, and elastomers (rubber) have not been
      emphasized. Three cases are reported, and the literature is reviewed to
      illustrate the varying features of tissue reaction to silicone in its different
      forms. The first case is an example of silicone lymphadenopathy in an inguinal
      lymph node. This case demonstrates exuberant foreign body granuloma formation in
      response to particles of silicone elastomer. The second case involves a patient
      who had facial subcutaneous liquid silicone injections, and the third case is
      that of a woman in whom breast carcinoma developed 13 years after mammary
      augmentation with liquid silicone injections. These two cases illustrate the
      characteristic reaction to silicone liquid, with numerous cystic spaces and
      vacuoles in the soft tissues but minimal or no foreign body giant cell reaction.
      Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis were performed
      in the first two cases, confirming the presence of silicon. Silicone migration
      and the clinical significance of various silicone-induced lesions are discussed.

PMID- 3882546
TI  - Blue nevus of the uterine cervix.
AB  - The clinical, gross pathologic, and light and electron microscopic features of
      three blue nevi of the endocervix were studied. Immunocytochemical studies for
      the localization of S-100 protein in the blue nevus cells were performed. A
      comprehensive review of 47 previously published cases is also presented. Blue
      nevi of the endocervix appear to be rare incidental lesions; they are often found
      in hysterectomy specimens from middle-aged women. The lesion is seldom detected
      clinically or colposcopically. However, it appears in most instances as a blue
      black lesion in the posterior wall of the endocervix on gross pathologic
      examination. The demonstration of S-100 protein in the blue nevus cells before
      and after bleaching in the present study, along with the ultrastructural
      observations, supports combined melanocytic and schwannian differentiation of the
      blue nevus cell.

PMID- 3882547
TI  - Cell membrane glycoproteins and Langerhans cells.

PMID- 3882548
TI  - PiZZ alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in a 20-week fetus.
AB  - Immunoperoxidase and electron microscopic studies of the liver of a 20-week fetus
      with PiZZ alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency are described. The significance of the
      bile duct hypoplasia observed in the liver is discussed. The abnormal morphology
      of the jejunal mucosa is also described.

PMID- 3882549
TI  - Prostacyclin and atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3882550
TI  - Morphologic and immunohistochemical features of fulminant delta hepatitis.
AB  - Recent studies have indicated that some cases of fulminant hepatitis that were
      ostensibly type B were actually acute viral hepatitis, types B and delta, or
      persistent hepatitis, type B with superimposed acute delta infection. Histologic
      characterization of the various types has not yet been undertaken. Within ten to
      37 days of the onset of initial symptoms, liver tissues from a total of 16
      patients who had acute delta hepatitis with fulminant clinical courses were
      examined. Tissues were from biopsies in nine cases and from autopsies in seven.
      Based on the serologic absence of IgM hepatitis B core antibody, chronic forms of
      hepatitis B with acute delta infection were diagnosed in five of the 16 patients.
      The underlying liver disease in three of these five patients was identifiable as
      chronic active hepatitis with fibrosis, and that in the others was apparently
      persistent hepatitis B. Coded liver tissues from these seven autopsies were
      evaluated without the knowledge of serologic diagnosis for qualitative and
      quantitative light microscopic features, together with autopsy liver tissues from
      five patients with fulminant B hepatitis without serologic evidence of delta
      infection and five patients with fulminant non-A, non-B hepatitis. No specific
      features that would allow discrimination among these three types of hepatitis
      were found.

PMID- 3882551
TI  - Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma with a rhabdomyosarcomatous component.
AB  - A case of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma arising in the femur with metastasis to
      the lung is described. On immunoperoxidase studies and electron microscopic
      examination, both the anaplastic soft tissue extension of this tumor in the hip
      and the metastatic lung nodule showed evidence of rhabdomyosarcomatous
      differentiation. This case represents the first documented case of a
      chondrosarcoma with differentiation into a rhabdomyosarcomatous component.

PMID- 3882552
TI  - Further regional localization of the genes for human acid alpha glucosidase
      (GAA), peptidase D (PEPD), and alpha mannosidase B (MANB) by somatic cell
      hybridization.
AB  - We have further regionally localized the gene for human acid alpha glucosidase
      (GAA) to 17q21----q23 by examination of hybrid clones derived from a fusion
      between human fibroblasts carrying a 17/19 balanced translocation (17pter---
      17q23::19p13.3----19pter; 19qter----p13.3::17q23----17qter) and a mouse line
      deficient in thymidine kinase. These hybrids were constantly maintained in HAT
      selective media in order to select for the presence of the human thymidine kinase
      gene on the intact chromosome 17 (17q21-q22) or the 17/19 (17pter---
      17q23::19p13.3----19pter) translocation chromosome. We detected human GAA by
      rocket immunoelectrophoresis, using a human specific heterologous antibody raised
      against human acid alpha glucosidase (GAA) (Honig et al. 1984). Three secondary
      clones, which contained the 17/19 translocation and no intact chromosome 17 or
      19, were still positive for GAA. Two of these secondary clones contained the
      distal portion of the 17/19 translocation chromosome, with a break in the band
      17q21 (probably at 17q21.2), attached to a mouse chromosome. Combined with
      earlier results (Weil et al. 1979; Nickel et al. 1982; Honig et al. 1984), the
      gene for GAA can be assigned to 17q21.2----17q23. Additionally, these clones were
      negative for human peptidase D (PEPD), alpha mannosidase B (MANB), and
      phosphohexose isomerase (PHI). Combined with previous results (Ingram et al.
      1977; Bruns et al. 1979), these results exclude the genes for PEPD and MANB from
      19pter----19p13.3 and confirm the exclusion of the gene for PHI from this segment
      of chromosome 19 (Wilson et al. 1984; Ingram et al. 1977).

PMID- 3882553
TI  - Hereditary hepatic porphyria with delta aminolevulinate dehydrase deficiency:
      immunologic characterization of the non-catalytic enzyme.
AB  - Immunoreactive delta-aminolevulinate dehydrase (ALA-D) was measured in lysates
      from two porphyric patients with ALA-D deficiency (enzyme activities were below
      2% of the normal level). By using two different immunologic methods, we found a
      cross-reactive immunologic material (CRIM+) which corresponded to 20% and 33% of
      the control level. Therefore the molecular basis that accounts for the deficiency
      of ALA-D in these patients is a structurally modified enzyme. The methods used to
      determine the molecular weight (by Western blotting) and the isoelectric point
      (by chromatofocusing) of the mutants did not show any difference by comparison
      with the normal enzyme.

PMID- 3882555
TI  - C6 polymorphism in Japanese: typing by agarose gel isoelectric focusing
      immunofixation.
AB  - Agarose gel isoelectric focusing was used to investigate the genetic polymorphism
      of the sixth component of complement (C6) in Japanese. C6 patterns were
      visualized by the immunofixation procedure. The allele frequencies calculated
      from 135 individuals were as follows: C6*A = 0.467, C6*B = 0.481, C6*B2 = 0.037,
      and C6*B3 = 0.015. It is suggested that C6*B3 is the fourth common allele
      characterizing the Japanese population.

PMID- 3882554
TI  - Dosage compensation in mammals: why does a gene on the inactive X yield less
      product than one on the active X?
AB  - An expressed gene on the inactive mammalian X chromosome yields less product than
      the same gene on the active X. Characteristics of the inactive X which might be
      responsible for this are late replication, chromatin clumping, and altered
      patterns of DNA methylation. If an expressed gene on the inactive X is not
      replicated until late in S, it will be present in two copies for a shorter
      fraction of the cell cycle than its early replicating homologue and therefore
      yield less product. Alternatively, transcription may be slowed by a
      microenvironment of highly condensed chromatin or by an abnormal pattern of
      methylation of the DNA template. Experiments are proposed by which to test these
      and related hypotheses.

PMID- 3882556
TI  - Acid etch resin bonding for an immediate fixed partial denture.

PMID- 3882557
TI  - Ontogeny of the third component of complement of Japanese quails.
AB  - Ontogeny of quail complement was examined in terms of serum C3 level, cytolytic
      activity of total complement, functional activity of C3 via the classical pathway
      (CCP) and an alternative route (ACP), and the distribution of C3-bearing cells.
      In serum, C3 was detected from 7-day-old embryos by rocket immunoelectrophoresis.
      Thereafter, its concentration increased rapidly and reached the adult level at 4
      5 weeks of age. Total activities of serum complement via CCP and ACP, both of
      which were assayed by cell lysis, were detected first in 10-day-old embryos, and
      increased sharply after hatching, reaching the maximum level at 5 weeks of age.
      Deposition of C3 on the cell surface via CCP and ACP was also clearly
      demonstrated from 10-day-old embryos by haemagglutination and immunofluorescence
      techniques, respectively. By an immunofluorescence technique using anti-quail C3
      monospecific serum, cells belonging to the reticuloendothelial system were
      indicated to serve major sites for the synthesis of C3 during ontogenesis.

PMID- 3882558
TI  - Activation of alveolar macrophages following infection with the parasitic
      nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis.
AB  - Alveolar macrophages (AM) of rats infected with 3000 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis
      infective larvae for 2, 8 or 32 days (D2, D8 or D32 AM) quantitatively surpassed
      AM from uninfected rats in one or more of IgG- or C3-dependent phagocytosis
      indices, beta-D-glucuronidase release, or spontaneous release of thymocyte
      activating factor (interleukin-1, IL-1) and hepatocyte stimulation factor (HSF).
      These observations suggest that N. brasiliensis infection results in the
      activation of AM. We have reported previously that a greater proportion of AM
      from infected rats expressed C3 receptors and were helminthocidal in vitro in the
      presence of complement than normal AM which were not helminthocidal. The
      acquisition of the activated state by AM during infection may play a role in vivo
      lung resistance against migrating helminth parasites.

PMID- 3882559
TI  - The heterogeneity of mononuclear phagocytes in lymphoid organs: distinct
      macrophage subpopulations in the rat recognized by monoclonal antibodies ED1, ED2
      and ED3.
AB  - In the present study, a set of three monoclonal antibodies is described, each of
      which recognizes cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage in the rat. The tissue
      distribution, in particular in lymphoid organs, of each of the three monoclonals
      is determined by immunoenzyme histochemistry on cryostat sections, as well as on
      cell suspensions. Results show that ED1 recognizes a cytoplasmic antigen in
      monocytes and in most macrophages, free and fixed. ED2 and ED3 recognize membrane
      antigens of tissue macrophages, discriminating between distinct subpopulations of
      macrophages, each with a characteristic localization in the compartments of
      lymphoid organs. No other cell types except cells of the mononuclear phagocyte
      system are positive for any of the three monoclonals. Possible relations between
      the macrophages recognized by this set of monoclonals and dendritic cells are
      discussed.

PMID- 3882560
TI  - Immunity to Salmonella typhimurium infection in C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeNCrlBR mice:
      studies with an aromatic-dependent live S. typhimurium strain as a vaccine.
AB  - Immunization with avirulent Salmonella typhimurium strain SL3235, a smooth, aroA-
      derivative, was shown to induce high levels of resistance to challenge with
      virulent S. typhimurium in innately hypersusceptible C3H/HeJ mice and inherently
      resistant C3H/HeNCrlBR mice. Strain SL3235 is one of a class of avirulent aroA-
      derivatives made from various strains and species of Salmonella that are being
      considered as vaccine candidates for cattle and humans. This paper supports their
      efficacy and potential utility in this regard. In C3H/HeJ mice, immunity against
      over 1,000 50% lethal doses of virulent S. typhimurium was evident as early as 3
      days after immunization and persisted for at least 7 months. Further, the vaccine
      was effective over a broad spectrum of doses, ranging from 10(4) to 10(6)
      organisms. Infection with SL3235 led to marked splenomegaly in both mouse
      strains. The relationship of splenomegaly to the growth kinetics and colonization
      by SL3235 in the spleens of infected C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeNCrlBR mice was followed.
      SL3235 initially multiplied slowly in the spleens of both mouse strains and then
      was rapidly cleared. Less multiplication was seen in the resistant C3H/HeNCrlBR
      mice than in C3H/HeJ mice. Maximum splenomegaly occurred after clearance of the
      organism had begun. Protection against virulent S. typhimurium persisted after
      virtually all of the SL3235 vaccine strain had been cleared from the spleen.
      Cross-protection against Listeria monocytogenes was evident, but had a later
      onset, waned by 21 days, and was not detectable by 1 month after vaccination.
      Demonstration of this cross-protection is consistent with the interpretation that
      SL3235 induces cellular immunity. One-week immune spleen cells adoptively
      transferred anti-S. typhimurium and anti-L. monocytogenes immunity. T cell
      enriched fractions were ineffective in adoptive transfer, as were spleen cells
      taken 2 weeks or later after immunization. Protective capacity was in the
      adherent cell fraction and seemed to be associated with macrophages. Evidence for
      induction of a population of sensitized T cells was obtained by using a
      peritoneal exudate T-lymphocyte proliferation assay on peritoneal T lymphocytes
      collected 1 to 3 months after SL3235 infection.

PMID- 3882561
TI  - Biochemical and immunobiological properties of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from
      Bacteroides gingivalis and comparison with LPS from Escherichia coli.
AB  - Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) were isolated from Bacteroides gingivalis and
      Escherichia coli by the phenol-water and butanol-water procedures. The phenol
      water-extracted LPS from B. gingivalis 381 was composed of 46% carbohydrate, 23%
      hexosamine, 18% fatty acid, and 5% protein. The major component sugars of this
      preparation were glucose, glucosamine, rhamnose, galactose, galactosamine, and
      mannose, and their molecular ratio was 1:0.9:0.7:0.6:0.6:0.4, respectively.
      Neither heptose nor 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate was detected. The butanol-water
      extracted LPS from this strain was composed of 76% glucose, 7% fatty acid, and
      13% protein, and it was associated with a number of polypeptides (13 to 56
      kilodaltons). The main fatty acid of both LPS preparations was palmitic acid. It
      was found that biological activities of LPS from B. gingivalis were comparable to
      those of LPS from E. coli in terms of activation of the clotting enzyme of
      Limulus amebocyte lysate, mitogenicity, polyclonal B cell activation, and
      stimulation of interleukin 1 production in BALB/c mice. Furthermore, LPS
      nonresponsive C3H/HeJ spleen cells were found to yield good mitogenic responses
      to both phenol-water-extracted LPS and butanol-water-extracted LPS from B.
      gingivalis or butanol-water-extracted LPS from E. coli. On the other hand, spleen
      cells from LPS-responsive C3H/HeN mice responded well to all these LPS
      preparations.

PMID- 3882562
TI  - Activation of mouse peritoneal adherent cells with N-acyl muramyl dipeptide
      derivatives.
AB  - The effect of N-acyl derivatives of muramyl dipeptide (N-acetyl muramyl-L-alanyl
      D-isoglutamine) on the activation of peritoneal adherent cells (PAC) in vivo and
      on the stimulation of nonspecific host resistance against Escherichia coli
      infection was examined in comparison with the effect of 6-O-stearoyl muramyl
      dipeptide. N-acyl muramyl dipeptide derivatives increased the release of hydrogen
      peroxide (H2O2) by PAC from mice treated 1 day before upon stimulation with
      phorbol myristate acetate, and their activities did not depend on the chain
      length or kinds of fatty acids introduced. The results obtained using N-stearoyl
      muramyl dipeptide analogs indicated that the acyl moiety combined to muramic acid
      played a more important role in the ability of PAC to release H2O2 than did the
      peptide moiety. PAC from mice treated with N-stearoyl muramyl dipeptide, N-(3
      hydroxy-2-docosylhexacosanoyl) muramyl dipeptide, and 6-O-stearoyl muramyl
      dipeptide 1 day before, including 20 to 42% polymorphonuclear leukocytes,
      released large amount of H2O2, and most of the H2O2 released was due to the
      attribution of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The cytostatic activity of PAC from
      mice treated with these three compounds reached a maximum on day 3 after
      injection, and the cytolytic activity of PAC was induced by N-stearoyl muramyl
      dipeptide on day 3 and by 6-O-stearoyl muramyl dipeptide on day 1 after
      injection. In contrast to the above results, N-acyl muramyl dipeptide derivatives
      did not stimulate nonspecific host resistance against E. coli infection in mice
      when compared to 6-O-stearoyl muramyl dipeptide.

PMID- 3882563
TI  - Integration of the Vwa plasmid into the chromosome of Yersinia pestis strains
      harboring F' plasmids of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Conditional virulent strains of Yersinia pestis were used as recipients of an F
      lac plasmid from either Escherichia coli 23.10S or E. coli CSH23. The
      transconjugants of Y. pestis were calcium independent; however, calcium
      dependence was restored after the loss of the E. coli plasmid. The plasmid
      contents of several Y. pestis F-lac clones were compared with those of the parent
      strains and several lac segregants. Although the 6- and 61-megadalton plasmids
      were detected in all strains tested, the Vwa plasmid was absent in the F
      containing strains. The plasmid was evident, however, in the lac segregants
      derived from the F-lac clones. Results of Southern transfers indicated that the
      Vwa plasmid had integrated into the chromosome of Y. pestis strains harboring F
      lac.

PMID- 3882564
TI  - Survey of immunoglobulin A protease activity among selected species of Ureaplasma
      and Mycoplasma: specificity for host immunoglobulin A.
AB  - Because immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the predominant immunoglobulin at mucosal
      surfaces, IgA proteases produced by pathogenic bacteria are considered potential
      virulence factors for organisms that cause disease or gain entry at mucous
      membranes. To determine the role of IgA protease in the pathogenicity of
      mycoplasmal disease, a variety of human and animal mycoplasma and ureaplasma
      species were examined for IgA protease activity with human, murine, porcine, and
      canine IgA. None of the mycoplasma species examined showed detectable IgA
      protease activity with any of the IgAs tested. Twenty-eight strains of Ureaplasma
      urealyticum isolated from human urogenital tissues cleaved human IgA1, but no
      cleavage of human IgA2 or murine, porcine, or canine IgA was observed.
      Ureaplasmas isolated from nonhuman hosts (feline, canine, avian, and bovine
      [Ureaplasma diversum]) did not cleave human IgA1. Two strains of canine
      ureaplasmas were able to cleave canine IgA, but not murine IgA. Thus, ureaplasmas
      from other species can produce IgA protease, but the specificity of the enzyme
      was restricted to the IgA of the appropriate host. This finding suggests that IgA
      proteases could play a role in the selective host specificity of mucosal
      pathogens.

PMID- 3882565
TI  - Molecular cloning and expression of Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane
      protein antigens in Escherichia coli.
AB  - DNA obtained from Chlamydia trachomatis (serovar L2) was partially digested with
      DNase I and inserted into the beta-galactosidase gene of bacteriophage lambda
      gt11. Seven recombinants were selected that produced immunoreactive fusion
      proteins which were detected with anti-C. trachomatis rabbit serum. One
      recombinant, designated lambda gt11/L2/33, reacted with various monoclonal
      antibodies that recognize species-, subspecies-, and type-specific determinants
      on the chlamydial major outer membrane protein (MOMP). Immunoblot analysis of a
      lambda gt11/L2/33 lysogen revealed a fusion protein that expressed a
      approximately 15,000-dalton carboxyl-terminal peptide of the chlamydial MOMP.
      This moiety of the MOMP possesses epitopes responsible for each of the unique
      reactivities demonstrated by anti-MOMP monoclonal antibodies. The lambda
      gt11/L2/33 recombinant contained a 1.1-kilobase DNA insert which hybridized to
      DNA isolated from each of the 15 C. trachomatis serovars.

PMID- 3882567
TI  - Stimulation by staphylococcal enterotoxin A of nonspecific resistance of mice to
      microbial infection.
AB  - The effects of staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, and C2 (SEA, SEB, and SEC2) on
      the resistance of mice to microbial infections were studied. SEA stimulated the
      resistance strongly, whereas SEB and SEC2 had no such effect. Treatment with SEA
      increased the number of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      significantly within 4 h, and these polymorphonuclear leukocytes exhibited a
      higher chemiluminescence response than those of the controls. Furthermore, a
      significant increase in spleen weight was also observed in mice treated with SEA,
      and histologically that increase was characterized by a proliferation of
      lymphoblast-like cells which were stained with antibody to mouse Thy-1 but not
      with antibody to mouse immunoglobulin G by indirect immunofluorescence. As
      expected from the above findings, the treatment of nude mice (nu/nu) with SEA
      failed to protect them against Escherichia coli infections, whereas treatment of
      heterozygous (nu/+) controls afforded such protection. This was in part supported
      by the fact that the chemiluminescence response of peripheral blood
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes was increased significantly by treatment with SEA in
      nu/+mice but not in nu/nu mice.

PMID- 3882568
TI  - Passage of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella thompson through chick ileocecal
      mucosa.
AB  - The passage of Salmonella enteritidis and S. thompson across the cecal mucosa has
      been visualized in an electron microscope study with the freshly hatched chick as
      a model. The uptake of salmonellae by macrophages took place in the cecal lumen;
      the macrophages became abnormal and often ruptured to release organisms back into
      the lumen. The entry of bacteria into the epithelial cells was associated with a
      series of pathological changes, beginning with the appearance of active Golgi
      apparatus and the production of a variety of lysosomal vesicles. Salmonellae
      became sequestered within lysosomes but were unaffected by the presence of
      hydrolytic enzyme. Epithelial cell death was related to particularly large
      numbers of bacteria. Fragments of invaded epithelial cells, especially those
      undergoing cell death, contributed to the cytoplasmic debris and released further
      salmonellae into the lumen. Bacteria were never observed in large numbers below
      the basement membrane, and there was no significant pathology in the lamina
      propria tissue. Wandering cells, identified as macrophages and containing the
      bacteria, were observed spanning the epithelial and lamina propria regions
      through breaks in the basement membrane. It is suggested that the passage of
      bacteria from the epithelium to the lamina propria is primarily the result of
      capture and transport within host macrophages.

PMID- 3882566
TI  - Pathogenicity, stability, and immunogenicity of a knobless clone of Plasmodium
      falciparum in Colombian owl monkeys.
AB  - The pathogenicity, immunogenicity, and morphological stability of a knobless
      clone of strain FCR-3 of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum was
      investigated in Aotus monkeys. An early knob-bearing (K+), wild-type isolate of
      strain FCR-3 and the D3 knobless (K-) clone were adapted to Aotus monkey
      erythrocytes in continuous culture, establishing the parasites in Aotus cells
      without exposure to in vivo cellular or humoral immune responses. All monkeys,
      intact or splenectomized, which were infected with wild-type FCR-3 adapted to
      Aotus cells in vitro, developed virulent infections and had to be drug treated.
      The intact nonsplenectomized animals which received knobless D3 cloned parasites
      did not develop virulent infections even after multiple infections. The
      splenectomized monkeys which received the K- D3 clone had virulent infections.
      Late-stage wild-type K+ parasites sequestered in both intact and splenectomized
      monkeys, whereas late-stage D3 K- parasites did not sequester in the
      splenectomized animals. These results suggest that two elements affected the
      pathogenicity of the malaria parasites in these experiments. Knobs on K+-infected
      erythrocytes enabled these parasites to sequester, presumably by attachment to
      capillary endothelium. When present, the spleen eliminated circulating K- late
      stage erythrocytes, presumably by selection on the basis of their
      nondeformability. Although clone D3 K- parasites are nonvirulent in intact
      monkeys, they induced some immunological protection against challenge with wild
      type K+ parasites. The surface morphology of K--infected erythrocytes remains
      unaltered throughout these experiments, suggesting that loss of knobs is a stable
      condition.

PMID- 3882569
TI  - Cellular and extracellular protein antigens of Treponema pallidum synthesized
      during in vitro incubation of freshly extracted organisms.
AB  - A new medium that permits radiolabeling of freshly extracted cells of Treponema
      pallidum with [35S]methionine very efficiently has been devised. Although
      treponemes were not purified free of contaminating rabbit tissue, label was
      incorporated exclusively into treponemal protein in a linear manner for at least
      the first 16 h of in vitro incubation. Throughout this period, virtually a full
      complement of treponemal proteins was synthesized, based on a sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis comparison of the radiolabeled protein
      profile with the Coomassie blue-stained profile of gradient-purified treponemes.
      The radiolabeled protein profiles obtained with three pathogenic strains were
      very similar but not identical. Using solubilized treponemal extracts and a
      sensitive radioimmunoprecipitation procedure, we identified the protein antigens
      of T. pallidum that were recognized by immunoglobulin G antibodies in various
      rabbit and human syphilitic sera. A simple fractionation procedure has been used
      to separate soluble and membrane-bound treponemal proteins. A number of the
      membrane proteins are exposed on the cell surface, since intact radiolabeled
      treponemes bound antibodies directed against these proteins. In addition, a
      unique class of low-molecular-weight extracellular treponemal proteins has been
      identified. The cell surface-exposed proteins were among the earliest proteins
      recognized by immunoglobulin G antibodies after experimental infection of rabbits
      with T. pallidum.

PMID- 3882570
TI  - Revised amino acid sequence for a heat-stable enterotoxin produced by an
      Escherichia coli strain (18D) that is pathogenic for humans.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of heat-stable enterotoxin produced by enterotoxigenic
      Escherichia coli 18D has been revised. Amino acids originally assigned to
      positions 11 and 18, i.e., Tyr and Asn, respectively, were found to occupy
      positions 18 and 11, respectively. Thus all heat-stable enterotoxins composed of
      18 amino acids sequenced to date from human, porcine, and bovine isolates of E.
      coli have identical primary structures, i.e., Asn-Thr-Phe-Tyr-Cys-Cys-Glu-Leu-Cys
      Cys-Asn-Pro-Ala-Cys-Ala-Gly-Cys-Tyr. Furthermore, all 18- and 19-amino-acid heat
      stable enterotoxins from E. coli share an almost identical core sequence, i.e.,
      14 of the 15 carboxy-terminal amino acid residues are identical.

PMID- 3882571
TI  - Selective antilymphocyte sera (SAL) in bone marrow transplantation. I. In vitro
      characterization of antihuman SAL and the development of absorption procedures
      using cultured cell lines.
AB  - In experimental animals, graft-versus-host reactions can be prevented, even in
      fully MHC-allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) by in vitro elimination of
      mature T cells and their committed precursors from donor bone marrow with a
      selectively lymphocytotoxic heterologous antiserum. Application of this concept
      to clinical BMT has previously been hampered by the lack of antibodies of
      appropriately selective specificity. We describe here the production and
      characterization of highly selective lymphocytotoxic antisera against mature
      human T cells and lymphoid precursors using cultured cell lines.

PMID- 3882572
TI  - Lymphocyte transformation in inbred guinea pigs infected with Treponema pallidum
      nichols.
AB  - T lymphocytes were purified from peritoneal exudates from young male, inbred
      strain 2 guinea pigs infected with 8 X 10(7) Treponema pallidum Nichols and from
      control animals injected with normal rabbit testes extract. Groups of animals
      were sacrificed after 15, 30, 60, and 90 days of infection, and the cells were
      analyzed for their proliferative response to concanavalin A and
      phytohemagglutinin and to sonicated T. pallidum, Treponema phagedenis biotype
      Reiter, and normal rabbit testes extract. No significant differences were
      observed in the responses to mitogens. Cells from infected but not from control
      animals responded with significant proliferation to T. pallidum antigen, but
      neither infected nor control cells reacted to T. phagedenis Reiter antigen.
      Although cells from both infected and control animals responded to normal rabbit
      testes extract, this response in the infected animals was transient and much
      lower than the response to T. pallidum antigen.

PMID- 3882574
TI  - Production of high specific activity 123I for protein iodination for medical use.
AB  - Iodine-123 is produced via xenon-133 by irradiation of a sodium iodide target
      with 108 MeV deuterons from the synchrocyclotron of IPN. The on-line production
      method is described. The specific activity of the iodine is determined by neutron
      activation analysis and by a radioimmunological method. The conditions labelling
      different proteins (insulin, angiotensin) are given and also the purification
      method to obtain a product ready for injection to patients.

PMID- 3882573
TI  - The presence in blood of both glycosaminoglycan and mucosal mast cell protease
      following systemic anaphylaxis in the rat.
AB  - The appearance in blood of rat mast cell protease II (RMCPII) and
      glycosaminoglycan (GAG) was examined in normal and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis
      primed rats challenged intravenously with worm antigen. Systemic release of these
      two products occurred only in immune recipients of antigen; substantial levels of
      RMCPII were also present in the intestinal perfusates of these same rats and
      there was depletion of both RMCPII and mucosal mast cells (MMC) from the
      intestinal mucosa. Depletion of MMC was evident after staining for proteoglycan
      or for serine esterase and the mast cell counts with both histochemical
      techniques were highly correlated. Taken together, the results suggest that MMC
      are likely to be the principal source of secreted GAG and RMCPII.

PMID- 3882575
TI  - Peritoneal access for chronic peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis has created a demand for a permanent
      peritoneal catheter that is safe and can function for a prolonged period.
      Continuous research and catheter modifications have reduced dialysate leak and
      catheter obstruction. Exit site infection remains the major cause of morbidity
      for patients with peritoneal access. Research in catheter technology should be
      directed at preventing this complication.

PMID- 3882576
TI  - Psychonephrology of the future.

PMID- 3882577
TI  - The risks of donor nephrectomy.

PMID- 3882578
TI  - Avascular (aseptic) necrosis of bone following renal transplantation.

PMID- 3882579
TI  - Tissue carcinoembryonic antigen and estrogen receptor in human breast cancer.
AB  - Sixty-six human ductal infiltrative breast carcinomas were examined for their
      estrogen receptor (ER) by the dextran-coated charcoal procedure and for the
      presence of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by immunofluorescence with the aid of
      monoclonal antibodies. Statistically significant differences in CEA positivity
      were found between stage III (33%) and stage II (19%) tumors (Z = 2.08; p less
      than 0.02) and between ER + (22%) and ER- (37%) tumors (Z = 2.083; p less than
      0.02). An inverse correlation was observed between positivity and receptor
      concentrations. No difference in CEA positivity was observed between pre- and
      post-menopausal women.

PMID- 3882580
TI  - An immunohistological method for estimating cell growth fractions in rapid
      histopathological diagnosis during surgery.
AB  - In the past, it has been impossible to carry out immunohistological staining as
      part of a rapid histopathological diagnosis during surgery because the available
      methods were too time-consuming. The present report introduces a rapid indirect
      immunoperoxidase method that requires only 10-12 min. Thus, the immunological
      characterization of tumour cells may now be applied as an additional parameter
      for histopathological diagnosis during surgery. In this first attempt, the
      monoclonal antibody Ki-67, which reacts with a human nuclear antigen present in
      proliferating cells and absent in quiescent cells, was applied with a new
      immunostaining method and the results were compared with those obtained by the
      more time-consuming routine immunohistological method. There was no significant
      difference between the percentages of Ki-67-positive cells determined with the
      two methods in normal or neoplastic human tissues. Since knowledge of the growth
      rate of a malignant tumour may be of prognostic and/or therapeutic value in
      individual cases, it might be useful to routinely apply this new approach for
      histopathological diagnosis during surgery.

PMID- 3882581
TI  - Biochemical characterization and cellular localization of a formalin-resistant
      melanoma-associated antigen reacting with monoclonal antibody NKI/C-3.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (MAb NKI/C-3) produced against a purified membrane
      preparation of human melanoma cells reacts preferentially with sections of
      formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues of melanoma, nevocellular nevi,
      carcinoids and medullary carcinomas of the thyroid. NKI/C-3 did not react with
      basal-cell carcinoma, brain tissue or brain tumors, and in only 14/196 other
      tumors was a clear cross-reactivity observed, e.g. with prostate carcinomas and a
      minority of primary breast, ovarian, lung and clear-cell carcinomas. This
      antibody was used in an immuno-electron microscopic study for the cellular
      localization of the antigen. The antigen was dispersed in the cytoplasm of
      melanoma cells, and more concentrated inside vacuoles and sometimes also on the
      melanosomes. Occasionally, the antigen was seen on the cell surface. The nature
      of the antigen was determined in an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). It was found that
      the antigen is a glycoprotein with a disulfide-dependent configuration that is
      essential for recognition by the MAb. The antigen was distributed heterogeneously
      during gel filtration as well as during SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in
      the region of 25-110 kd proteins. A purified antigen preparation that was
      obtained after affinity chromatography on a column of MAb NKI/C-3 linked to
      Sepharose 4B contained a carbohydrate:protein ratio of 1:3.5.

PMID- 3882582
TI  - Insulin binding by normal and neoplastic colon tissue.
AB  - Insulin receptors in human colon tumours, normal colon tissue and mesenteric fat
      removed at surgery have been identified by measuring the binding of labelled
      insulin to cell membrane preparations. Insulin binding sites were readily
      detected in all tissues, with mean +/- SD binding site concentrations of 43 +/-
      41, 44 +/- 39, and 44 +/- 35fmol/mg membrane protein, and dissociation constants
      of 0.73 +/- 0.61, 0.66 +/- 0.41, and 0.78 +/- 0.58nM for microsomal plasma
      membrane preparations of tumour (n = 23) respectively. The specificity of binding
      of labelled insulin was similar in tumour and normal colon samples. Binding in
      normal colon preparations was highest in the epithelium (84fmol/mg membrane
      protein) and lower in lamina propria (19fmol/mg), submucosa (25fmol/mg) and
      muscle wall (13fmol/mg). Degradation of labelled insulin was similar in tumour
      and normal colon preparations. Mean receptor levels were not significantly
      different between microsomal membrane preparations and plasma membranes partially
      purified on discontinuous sucrose gradients, quantitated against either unit
      membrane protein or unit 5'-nucleotidase specific activity. There was a
      significant negative correlation between insulin levels, but no significant
      relationship was seen between serum insulin and receptor levels in either colon
      tumour or tissue preparations from full-thickness normal colon wall. An inverse
      correlation between serum insulin and receptor levels was, however, apparent in
      preparations of colonic musosa. These data indicate that although insulin
      receptors in colon tumours share the same biochemical characteristics as those
      present in the normal colon, receptors in tumour tissue are less sensitive to
      down-regulation by ambient insulin than receptors in mesenteric fat cells and
      normal colonic mucosa.

PMID- 3882583
TI  - Double-blind randomised crossover trial comparing isosorbide dinitrate cream and
      oral sustained-release tablets in patients with angina pectoris.
AB  - Percutaneous isosorbide dinitrate cream and sustained-release tablets were
      compared in a double-blind randomised crossover trial in 28 patients with
      coronary artery disease and chronic stable angina pectoris. Twenty-two patients
      completed the trial. Both preparations significantly increased the mean exercise
      time to the onset of angina (P less than 0.001) and to termination of exercise (P
      less than 0.001) compared to the pre-treatment period. There were no significant
      differences between the cream and tablets with respect to frequency of anginal
      attacks, glyceryl trinitrate consumption, heart rate and ST segment depression at
      the onset of angina, ST segment depression at maximal exercise and the double
      product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure at maximal exercise. Equal
      numbers of patients expressed preference for cream and tablets. We conclude that
      in this group of patients isosorbide dinitrate sustained-release tablets have no
      clinical advantage over isosorbide dinitrate cream which, may, therefore, be of
      particular value for those patients with angina pectoris who dislike taking
      tablets or who prefer this form of nitrate preparation.

PMID- 3882584
TI  - Are there internodal tracts? Yes.

PMID- 3882585
TI  - The export of hazardous products and industries: a bibliography.

PMID- 3882586
TI  - Survival curves for normal-tissue clonogens: a comparison of assessments using in
      vitro, transplantation, or in situ techniques.
AB  - A survey of survival curves in the literature, for clonogenic cells (clonogens)
      in normal tissues, highlights the following features: the sensitivity of some
      human and dog clonogens apparently is greater than that of their counterparts in
      mice and sheep, assessed in vitro. However, this should be interpreted with
      caution because of the possibility of cell selection and the ability to modify
      sensitivity markedly in some systems by variations in growth conditions;
      extrapolation numbers are in general higher when assessed in vivo than in vitro.
      This is due partly to the lack of measurements of repair of potentially-lethal
      damage using many assays in vitro. This feature increases the extrapolation
      number when measured using transplantation assays in vivo; epithelial clonogens
      in vivo demonstrate a remarkable similarity in sensitivity between tissues. The
      range is similar for clonogens assayed in situ or by transplantation, and this
      argues against the possibility that a resistant subpopulation may be selected in
      most assays in situ. It is emphasized from the comparisons that caution must be
      exercised in extrapolating results, obtained for clonogens assayed in vitro or by
      transplantation in vivo, to the situation in situ.

PMID- 3882587
TI  - The formation of photoreactivable damage by direct excitation of DNA in X
      irradiated E. coli cells.
AB  - The role of the direct excitation process in the formation of photoreactivable
      damage (pyrimidine dimers) in E. coli WP2 hcr-exr- cells has been studied. The
      pyrimidine dimers were detected by photoreactivation following anoxic irradiation
      by X-rays (220 kVp). The dose modifying factor (DMF) is 1.28 +/- 0.09. A
      biophysical model is used for a theoretical examination of the importance of the
      direct excitation process in the formation of photoreactivable damage and the
      experimental data are consistent with this model.

PMID- 3882588
TI  - Protocol for X-ray dosimetry and exposure arrangements employed in studies of
      late somatic effects in mammals.
AB  - A number of European laboratories studying the late effects of ionizing radiation
      in animals have established an effective cooperation within the European Late
      Effects Project Group (EULEP) since 1970. To facilitate the exchange of
      biological results several techniques, including quality control of the
      experimental animals, pathology and dosimetry, have to be standardized. The most
      important aspects of the procedures for X-irradiation and dosimetry of small
      animals are summarized. These include recommendations on irradiation conditions,
      dosimetry methods, characteristics of phantoms and factors affecting X-ray
      dosimetry. X-irradiation procedures employed by the participating institutes are
      described and the results of five X-ray dosimetry intercomparisons are reported.
      The introduction of a common dosimetry protocol has resulted in improvements in
      exposure arrangements and absolute dosimetry.

PMID- 3882589
TI  - The urethral catheter--a review of its implication in urinary-tract infection.
AB  - The research into acquisition of urinary-tract infection over the last few
      decades has established three ways in which organisms may gain access to the
      urinary tract of the catheterized patients: Firstly, during the process of
      passing the catheter into the bladder should complete asepsis not be observed;
      secondly by travelling along the urethra in the small, fluid-filled cavity
      between catheter and mucosa; Thirdly following contamination of the drainage
      system, along the inside of the catheter directly into the bladder. The relative
      importance of each route is not clear and is still the subject of much
      controversy but it would seem that all these routes have a part to play in
      allowing infection to develop. The risk of catheterized patients acquiring
      urinary-tract infection is so great that where possible catheterization should be
      avoided. The most important preventive measure which may be taken is to limit the
      duration of indwelling catheterization. In addition, a considerable amount of
      research has attempted to distinguish other factors which might affect the rate
      at which urinary-tract infection in the catheterized patient becomes established
      so that high-risk patients may be identified. The evidence indicates that the
      risk increases with duration of catheterization, age, length of hospital stay,
      immunosuppressant treatment, that it is greater in female than male patients and
      that a patient with a serious or fatal underlying disease is also more likely to
      develop bacteriuria. Finally, properties of the urine and the host defence
      mechanisms may affect the susceptibility of the individual to urinary-tract
      infection. Identification of the routes of infection and patients at risk is only
      part of the problem. The next stage is to formulate criteria for the care of
      catheterized patients which reduce the risk of infection to the absolute minimum
      and will hopefully go some way towards diminishing the unsatisfactory high levels
      of urinary-tract infection that are currently associated with indwelling
      catheterization.

PMID- 3882590
TI  - Habitat association of Klebsiella species.
AB  - The genus Klebsiella is seemingly ubiquitous in terms of its habitat
      associations. Klebsiella is a common opportunistic pathogen for humans and other
      animals, as well as being resident or transient flora (particularly in the
      gastrointestinal tract). Other habitats include sewage, drinking water, soils,
      surface waters, industrial effluents, and vegetation. Until recently, almost all
      these Klebsiella have been identified as one species, ie, K. pneumoniae. However,
      phenotypic and genotypic studies have shown that "K. pneumoniae" actually
      consists of at least four species, all with distinct characteristics and
      habitats. General habitat associations of Klebsiella species are as follows: K.
      pneumoniae--humans, animals, sewage, and polluted waters and soils; K. oxytoca-
      frequent association with most habitats; K. terrigena--unpolluted surface waters
      and soils, drinking water, and vegetation; K. planticola--sewage, polluted
      surface waters, soils, and vegetation; and K. ozaenae/K. rhinoscleromatis-
      infrequently detected (primarily with humans).

PMID- 3882591
TI  - Klebsiella marker systems.
AB  - Klebsiella marker systems include determination of susceptibility patterns,
      serotype, bacteriocin susceptibility, bacteriophage susceptibility, biotype, and
      plasmid content, size and endonuclease fragment size. Susceptibility patterns are
      useful only if unusual patterns (ie, aminoglycoside resistance) occur. Serotypes
      are stable, reproducible markers. Over 90% of isolates can be serotyped and
      epidemiologically unrelated strains are widely distributed among the 72 standard
      types. Antisera are not available commercially except to types 1 to 6 and
      serotyping is expensive and time-consuming. Bacteriocin susceptibility typing is
      easier and cheaper but reproducibility is sometimes poor. Depending on the
      producer strains used, between 67% and 96% of strains are typable. As a single
      typing method, bacteriophage typing is not very sensitive. Only 70% of strains
      are typable and 20% are of a single type. There are two major problems with most
      biotyping systems: poor reproducibility and poor sensitivity. A high percent of
      strains is the same type. Plasmid analysis is technically the most complicated
      but is important if strains are aminoglycoside resistant. No one method is ideal,
      and characterization of isolates from an outbreak is best done by using several
      different marker systems.

PMID- 3882592
TI  - Resistance to antibiotics in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AB  - The antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from 12 medical
      centers worldwide, over a 1- to 6-year period, were tested. Clinical isolates of
      K. pneumoniae were resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin. Resistance to other
      antibiotics was less frequent with isolates of K. pneumoniae from 5 of 6 US
      centers than with those from 6 centers outside the US. In nearly all of the
      centers, resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, gentamicin, tobramycin, or
      chloramphenicol was more frequent in isolates of K. pneumoniae than in those of
      Escherichia coli, while the reverse was true for resistance to tetracycline.
      Resistance to multiple antibiotics declined gradually in isolates of K.
      pneumoniae at one center, but rose abruptly again with dissemination of a new
      plasmid.

PMID- 3882593
TI  - The epidemiology of nosocomial infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AB  - Klebsiella pneumoniae causes serious epidemic and endemic nosocomial infections.
      We conducted a literature review to characterize the epidemiology of epidemic K.
      pneumoniae outbreaks. Eighty percent of the outbreaks (20/25) involved infections
      of the bloodstream or urinary tract. Person-to-person spread was the most common
      mode of transmission, and nearly 50% of the outbreaks occurred in neonatal
      intensive care units. No one serotype predominated, and no association was found
      between serotype and either the site of infection or antimicrobial susceptibility
      pattern. We used data reported to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) by
      hospitals participating in the National Nosocomial Infections Study (NNIS) to
      describe the epidemiology of endemic K. pneumoniae infections. In the 8-year
      period from 1975 through 1982 the nosocomial K. pneumoniae infection rate was
      16.7 infections per 10,000 patients discharged. The rate of infection at medical
      school-affiliated hospitals was significantly greater than at nonaffiliated
      hospitals; furthermore, the rate of infection at large affiliated hospitals was
      greater than at small affiliated hospitals. The rate of infection varied by
      service, with the highest rate found on the medicine service. During the 8-year
      period, 184 deaths were caused by nosocomial K. pneumoniae infections (184
      deaths/16,969 infections, case-fatality ratio 1.1%), with higher ratios in
      pediatrics (5%) where there was a 12% mortality in children infected with an
      aminoglycoside-resistant strain.

PMID- 3882594
TI  - The cephalosporin antibiotic agents--III. Third-generation cephalosporins.

PMID- 3882595
TI  - Ophthalmological manifestations of adult rheumatoid arthritis and cicatricial
      pemphigoid.

PMID- 3882596
TI  - Bullous diseases.

PMID- 3882597
TI  - [Reconstruction of bronchial system passages using laser].

PMID- 3882598
TI  - [Preparation for colonoscopy--which methods are suitable?].

PMID- 3882599
TI  - [Therapy of gastrointestinal tumors with laser].

PMID- 3882600
TI  - [Video-endoscopy without fiber optics--the future?].

PMID- 3882601
TI  - [Sclerotherapy: status 1985].

PMID- 3882602
TI  - [Sonographic and sonocytologic pancreas diagnosis].

PMID- 3882603
TI  - [Pneumonia resembling a tumor].

PMID- 3882604
TI  - [Tetanic spasms, arterial hypertension and hypokalemia].

PMID- 3882605
TI  - [Rectoscopy and sigmoidoscopy--new instruments].

PMID- 3882606
TI  - [Sequelae of operation on the bile ducts--analysis with ERCP].

PMID- 3882607
TI  - Lymphocytes and Langerhans cells in the normal human cornea.
AB  - The distribution of B- and T-lymphocytes, of OKIa positive cells, and of HLA-ABC
      antigens in the normal cornea was investigated using monoclonal antibodies. The
      lymphocytes and Langerhans cells are present mainly in the well-vascularized
      limbic region but also occur albeit in small number in the center of the cornea.
      HLA-ABC antigens are strongly expressed on the epithelial cells of the cornea and
      the limbus.

PMID- 3882609
TI  - Toxicology of iohexol.
AB  - This review summarizes the biological profile of the nonionic contrast medium,
      iohexol, with particular emphasis on neurovascular and myelographic applications.
      Iohexol was compared with conventional ionic media and with newer nonionic agents
      in a variety of animal models. Studies of systemic toxicity (teratogenicity,
      mutagenicity, and embryotoxicity effects) and cerebrovascular effects
      (epileptogenicity and arachnoiditis potential) are reported. Results indicate
      that iohexol has a lower toxicity than ionic and other nonionic contrast media.

PMID- 3882608
TI  - Localization of hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase in the mammalian pineal gland
      and retina.
AB  - The pineal hormone, melatonin, has been reported to be synthesized in the retina
      by the enzyme, hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT). Several laboratories
      have suggested that melatonin may be involved in photoreceptor outer segment disc
      shedding, photomechanical movements, and neuromodulation, but the cellular
      location of the retinal synthesizing enzymes has not been determined yet.
      Antiserum to HIOMT was obtained from rabbits immunized with bovine pineal
      extract. The monospecific immunoglobulins to HIOMT were isolated by positive
      negative selection using pineal extract-sepharose and brain extract-sepharose
      affinity chromatography. The purity and specificity of the antibody to HIOMT was
      confirmed by immunodiffusion, electroblot immunolabeling, SDS-PAGE, and
      immunoprecipitin titration. Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique,
      HIOMT was localized in the pinealocytes of bovine and human pineal glands
      obtained during the light period. Rat pineal glands obtained during the dark
      period exhibited HIOMT immunoreactivity, whereas rat pineal glands obtained
      during the light period did not. Some pinealocytes of the bovine pineal did not
      exhibit HIOMT immunoreactivity, suggesting that not all pinealocytes are actively
      involved in melatonin synthesis. HIOMT was localized in the photoreceptors of
      bovine, rat, and human retinas, and some labeling also was observed in the inner
      retina, although the latter showed some species variation. This observation
      supports the hypothesis that photoreceptors are capable of melatonin synthesis.

PMID- 3882610
TI  - Phlebography. Survey and present state.
AB  - Milestones in the history of phlebography are shortly reviewed. The present state
      of phlebography with emphasis upon the role of new nonionic contrast media is
      presented.

PMID- 3882611
TI  - Iohexol in phlebography of the leg. A comparative investigation with meglumine
      metrizoate.
AB  - Comparing iohexol 240 mg I/ml, iohexol 300 mg I/ml and meglumine-Ca metrizoate
      200 mg I/ml in phlebography of the leg in patients on or without anticoagulants,
      no sign of postphlebographic thrombosis was found using the 125I-fibrinogen
      uptake test and repeat phlebography. More adverse reactions occurred with
      metrizoate than with iohexol. Metrizoate provided significantly poorer
      demonstration than the two iohexol concentrations with higher iodine content.

PMID- 3882612
TI  - Adult peripheral angiography. Results from four North American randomized
      clinical trials of ionic media vs. iohexol.
AB  - Four, randomized, double blind comparisons of iohexol versus ionic media for
      peripheral angiography are summarized. Iohexol is safe, effective, and
      significantly less painful than ionic media for this indication.

PMID- 3882613
TI  - Summary of U.S. and European intravascular experience with iohexol based on the
      clinical trial program.
AB  - The nonionic contrast medium, iohexol, was released by Nyegaard, Oslo, in 1980
      for clinical testing. Results of a three-phase clinical trial program carried out
      in Europe and the U.S. through December 1983 are summarized. Evaluation of phase
      I studies of human tolerance and excretion--and phase II studies of effects on
      pharmacologic and physiologic parameters--indicated that iohexol was well
      tolerated and effective. Phase III consisted mainly of controlled parallel and
      crossover studies comparing iohexol with conventional ionic media and with other
      nonionic agents in a variety of radiographic studies. Image quality was as good
      or better with iohexol than with ionic media. Iohexol was tolerated significantly
      better than ionic agents. Patients consistently reported fewer and less intense
      pain and heat sensations. Iohexol had less effect on blood pressure, blood flow,
      heart rate, and electrophysiologic parameters, and caused fewer adverse reactions
      than ionic media for all types of reactions observed.

PMID- 3882614
TI  - Lumbar myelography with iohexol and metrizamide. A comparative multicenter
      prospective study.
AB  - Diagnostic quality and adverse reactions associated with metrizamide and iohexol
      as contrast agents for lumbar myelography were compared in a prospective
      randomized double-blind study in 350 patients at seven centers. Both contrast
      media were administered in comparable volumes at a concentration of 180 mg I/ml.
      Overall quality of radiographic visualization was graded as "good" or "excellent"
      in 95% of 175 metrizamide studies and in 98% of 175 iohexol myelograms. Ninety
      three patients examined with metrizamide (53%) and 130 patients studied with
      iohexol (74%) experienced no discomfort during or after myelography. The
      incidence of postmyelographic headache was 38% with metrizamide and 21% with
      iohexol. Nausea and vomiting were also more common with metrizamide. Five
      patients examined with metrizamide (3%) experienced transient confusion and
      disorientation after lumbar myelography. No such reactions were observed after
      iohexol myelography.

PMID- 3882615
TI  - Iohexol vs. iopamidol for myelography.
AB  - Three hundred sixty-three patients undergoing myelography were examined on a
      random basis with either iohexol (179) or iopamidol (184). All patients underwent
      neurologic or psychological assessment before and after the examination; 100
      patients also submitted to cardiovascular and hematologic tests. Sixty patients
      were examined with electroencephalography before and after myelography. Incidence
      and severity of side effects were carefully evaluated in all patients and,
      wherever possible, by an independent observer, who was not told which contrast
      medium had been used. Radiographic quality was independently estimated and graded
      and was equally adequate with both media. Both iohexol and iopamidol will, in
      competent hands, provide myelograms of good radiographic quality without
      producing any permanent adverse sequelae. Incidence and severity of adverse side
      effects were slightly but significantly less with iohexol than with iopamidol.
      Three patients of the 25 examined with iopamidol showed EEG evidence of neuronal
      excitability following myelography. None of the 35 examined with iohexol showed
      this change.

PMID- 3882616
TI  - Iohexol: summary of North American and European clinical trials in adult lumbar,
      thoracic, and cervical myelography with a new nonionic contrast medium.
AB  - Iohexol, a new water-soluble nonionic contrast medium, was evaluated in clinical
      trials in Europe and North America for lumbar, thoracic, and cervical myelography
      using direct C1-2 or lumbar puncture. Iohexol was administered at 180, 240, or
      300 mg I/ml to 677 adult patients for visualization of the lumbar subarachnoid
      space, and to 368 adult patients for evaluation of the cervical area. Compared
      with metrizamide, use of iohexol resulted in equivalent opacification but
      significantly reduced patient morbidity (headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness).
      No epileptogenic activity was recorded in over 370 patients receiving iohexol. No
      mental or psycho-organic syndrome manifestations were observed in any of the
      1,045 patients receiving iohexol. Adverse reactions occurring after iohexol
      injection were not related to the concentration or site used or to total dose
      administered. Iohexol has, thus far, proven superior to metrizamide for
      myelography.

PMID- 3882617
TI  - Iohexol cerebral angiography. Multicenter clinical trial.
AB  - Ionic contrast media currently used in cerebral angiography frequently cause
      discomfort due to hyperosmolality. This double-blind, multicenter trial compared
      two ionic media, meglumine iothalamate and meglumine-Na diatrizoate, with the new
      nonionic agent, iohexol, in 277 patients undergoing cerebral angiography. Vital
      signs, cardiovascular changes, and neurologic status were evaluated before,
      during, and after injection. Patients were observed for adverse reactions for up
      to 24 hours following studies. Patient discomfort and image quality were
      evaluated. Visualization was good or excellent with all media studied. No
      significant physiological differences were observed between the ionic and iohexol
      groups, but fewer iohexol patients experienced large increases (greater than 20
      mmHg) in systolic blood pressure. Iohexol patients experienced significantly less
      discomfort; ionic patients reported severe discomfort 21/2 times more often. This
      finding was attributed to iohexol's low osmolality. Iohexol may be indicated
      particularly for use in selective angiograms where discomfort is a factor and for
      patients suspected of having blood-brain barrier disruption.

PMID- 3882618
TI  - Cardiotolerance of iohexol. Survey of experimental evidence.
AB  - The risk of significant complications from contrast media is greatest in
      angiocardiography. Contrast media effects on central cardiovascular function
      include electrophysiologic effects such as bradycardia, hypotension, and
      ventricular arrhythmias; hemodynamic effects such as hypotension and blood flow
      changes; and metabolic effects such as transient hypocalcemia. Differences
      between ionic and nonionic media are less obvious in clinical studies but become
      apparent in carefully controlled animal experiments. Evidence indicates that
      nonionic media have less propensity to cause ventricular arrhythmias and
      bradycardia than ionic media. In addition, nonionic agents do not adversely
      affect left ventricular regional function and produced no negative inotropic
      effects in the presence of coronary stenosis. Unlike ionic diatrizoate, nonionic
      iohexol did not significantly interact with the calcium blocker, verapamil.
      Iohexol also produced no increase in lung water or in femoral blood flow, while
      diatrizoate produced increases in both. It is concluded that iohexol has fewer
      and less severe negative effects on central cardiovascular function than standard
      ionic media.

PMID- 3882619
TI  - Comparison of an ionic with a nonionic contrast agent for cardiac angiography.
      Results of a multicenter trial.
AB  - Ionic contrast agents currently used in cardiac angiography are well tolerated
      but have certain negative effects. In a five-center study of 273 patients
      undergoing cardiac catheterization, safety and efficacy of the new nonionic
      contrast agent, iohexol, were compared with that of the standard ionic material,
      sodium methylglucamine diatrizoate. Contrast injections were made into the left
      ventricle and left and right coronary arteries in all patients. Left ventricular,
      systemic arterial and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures, and electrocardiogram
      lead II were recorded for 2 minutes. Following the first right and first left
      coronary injection, systemic arterial pressure and electrocardiographic
      recordings were made for 1 minute. After each subsequent coronary injection,
      recordings were made for 20 seconds. Both agents were found to be safe and both
      provided good diagnostic information. Iohexol was seen to cause both less marked
      overall hemodynamic alterations and a lower incidence of significant changes in
      pressure and heart rate. Iohexol may have an important role in coronary
      angiography and left ventriculography, particularly in high-risk patients,
      because of its lesser effect on heart rate and blood pressure.

PMID- 3882620
TI  - Corrigan memorial lecture. The pissing evile.

PMID- 3882621
TI  - Gastroenteritis associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli 078 H12.

PMID- 3882622
TI  - Lack of effect of cimetidine in the irritable colon syndrome.

PMID- 3882623
TI  - Antidepressant cardiotoxicity.

PMID- 3882624
TI  - Biographical sketches--48. Prout.

PMID- 3882625
TI  - "Cup-Mask' salbutamol in acute asthma in children.

PMID- 3882626
TI  - Anaphylactic transfusion reactions--a concise review.

PMID- 3882627
TI  - Biographical sketches--49. Beaumont.

PMID- 3882628
TI  - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: prevention by electrical lesion in the
      anterior hypothalamus in rats.

PMID- 3882629
TI  - Organ transplantation: views of doctors in Scotland.

PMID- 3882630
TI  - Criteria for the administration of KI for thyroid blocking of radioiodine.
AB  - Scientific data are reviewed to evaluate the risks of radioiodine uptake and to
      compare those risks with the benefits and risks of low milligram doses of stable
      potassium iodide (KI). The limit of 25 rad to the thyroid due to radioiodine
      uptake is adopted as the "break-even" point above which 130-mg KI doses should be
      administered. The biological and radiological kinetics of radioiodine for
      protracted uptakes were derived from the Medical Internal Radiation Dose
      Committee (MIRD) model (MIRD75). Resulting calculations yielded estimates of dose
      commitment rates to the thyroid as a function of thyroidal uptake. The
      extrapolated value of the 1-hr inhalation curve for 131I with 30% uptake compares
      well with the established MPCa value and intercepts the origin. The calculated KI
      blocking efficiency as a function of time after radioiodine uptake agrees well
      with previously reported experimental data. The prevention or "blocking" of 25
      rad to the thyroid was the criterion used to define critical values of
      radioiodine in the thyroid. Critical values are functions of isotope, the
      duration of uptake and the elapsed time between inhalation and assay of thyroid
      content. The presence of radioiodine in the thyroid in amounts greater than the
      critical value indicates that more than 25 rad to the thyroid can be averted, and
      KI should be administered in the absence of contraindications. Critical average
      concentrations are implicitly defined by the method of calculation used in the
      derivation. Critical average concentrations are presented as criteria for KI
      administration when assays of the radioiodine content of the thyroid are
      unavailable. Illustrative applications of critical values and critical average
      concentrations are presented in the Appendix.

PMID- 3882631
TI  - Child health status and risk factors.

PMID- 3882633
TI  - Radiation and thyroid carcinoma: radiotherapy, head and neck regions, thyroid
      carcinoma.
AB  - Radiotherapy for benign conditions of the head and neck area was first linked to
      thyroid carcinoma in 1950. All the salivary glands, the parathyroids, and the
      facial skin can also develop neoplastic lesions in this setting. Thyroid
      carcinoma is most commonly papillary or mixed papillary and follicular. It is
      very often multifocal and can be detected by hand palpation, nuclear scanning,
      high resolution sonography, and needle aspiration. Each test has its limitations
      and appropriate protocols for screening and detection should be adapted to
      different medical centers. The surgical management is controversial and ranges
      from simple lobectomy to total thyroidectomy with adjuvant 131I treatment and
      thyroid suppression. We prefer total thyroidectomy if it can be performed safely.
      With adequate treatment the survival should be good. Prevention by administration
      of iodine at the time of exposure to radiation seems feasible and deserves
      further clinical trial.

PMID- 3882632
TI  - Intervention strategies for children: a research agenda.
AB  - This background review has attempted to pinpoint problems and issues of
      intervention strategies to promote health among children. Some traditional
      interventions as they are now provided in preventive service packages, for
      example, are critically assessed; new interventions like neonatal intensive care,
      prenatal diagnosis, periconceptional vitamin supplementation, and nutritional
      supplementation during later pregnancy are welcome; supportive outreach services
      through nurse home visitors to bring proved technologies to those in greatest
      need, while they may not be new have shown renewed effectiveness. Recently
      recognized problems like the "new morbidity," and newly recognized prevention
      potentials like the great prospects for accident prevention, adequate school
      health programs, and special adolescent care programs are promising areas for
      preventive services effectiveness. We do not claim that a comprehensive list has
      been presented. Rather, an attempt has been made to challenge some traditional
      preventive techniques, e.g., preoperative x-rays, to stimulate thinking about new
      organizational forms of care delivery, and to keep an open agenda. As a result,
      the reader will feel a "lack of closure"--challenges without definitive answers.
      The general assertion is that personal preventive care is only weakly related to
      health and that preventive care delivery is not a simple technical problem. Let
      me summarize the main points. First, the lack of evidence and comprehensiveness.
      Other reviews of preventive care packages could have been discussed. The
      presentation by Fielding [164] in the Institute of Medicine's background papers
      to Healthy People also includes service listings for pregnant women, normal
      infants, preschool children, schoolchildren, and adolescents. The Lifetime Health
      Monitoring program by Breslow and Somers [165] set goals and services that have
      already become practice patterns for large parts of the country. Many more cost
      effectiveness studies of immunizations and screenings could have been cited. The
      point, however, is not whether technologies with the potential for prevention
      exist, but whether these technologies have been used and are now used effectively
      for that purpose, and whether their performance in the real world represents the
      best use of scarce and expensive resources. Scientific evidence of organized
      delivery effectiveness is rare.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3882634
TI  - High resolution computed tomography: Part 3. The larynx and hypopharynx.
AB  - High resolution computed tomography (CT) is a highly desirable addition to
      clinical examination of the larynx and hypopharynx. The anatomy and pathology of
      the larynx and hypopharynx is discussed and illustrated by CT.

PMID- 3882635
TI  - Infection control issues in critical care: an update.
AB  - NIs continue to be a frequent and serious complication in the critically ill
      patient. Although not all NIs can be prevented, two essential components of
      health care practice that are aimed at protecting both patients and staff have
      been discussed--isolation techniques and handwashing. We have also discussed the
      infectious complications of intravascular therapy, one of the most essential and
      common treatments for the critically ill patient. An effective infection control
      program for critical care must have certain elements: established standards of
      infection control practice, continual surveillance and feedback regarding
      infection rates, adequate physical facilities including personnel to maintain a
      clean environment, orientation and continuing education for personnel, but most
      important, a staff with a high level of awareness about the need to prevent NI.
      This awareness is developed by a leader who communicates his/her concern about
      the issue of infection control.

PMID- 3882636
TI  - Patent ductus arteriosus in the premature neonate.
AB  - This article has reviewed current thought on the pathophysiology, medical
      management, and nursing implications of PDA in the premature newborn. The ductus
      arteriosus is a normal vascular channel that provides a route for blood flow to
      the descending aorta in the fetus; and it is an abnormal channel in the newborn
      that allows additional pulmonary blood flow to be shunted from the higher
      pressured aorta. Left heart volume overload and additional insults in connection
      with concurrent RDS and BPD were discussed. Current management for closure
      advocates indomethacin administration, and ligation, should indomethacin fail or
      be contraindicated. Continued patency with prostaglandin administration is the
      objective in cyanotic neonates with congenital heart disease and diminished
      pulmonary blood flow and in acyanotic neonates with aortic arch abnormalities
      that lead to decreased descending aortic flow. Nursing responsibilities encompass
      the well-being of the newborn as well as the family. The neonate must be assessed
      frequently for signs of cardiopulmonary deterioration. The neonate's responses to
      drug administration must be monitored for their effect on the ductus and the
      minimization of side effects. Care of the parents regarding support and
      information was discussed.

PMID- 3882637
TI  - Epidural and intrathecal narcotics for pain management.

PMID- 3882638
TI  - [Follow-up studies of surgically and conservatively treated lateral ligament
      ruptures of the upper ankle].

PMID- 3882639
TI  - [Principles of vascular anatomy in esophagectomy without thoracotomy].

PMID- 3882640
TI  - Production of single- and double-strand breaks in plasmid DNA by ozone.
AB  - Agarose gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy were used to determine the
      type of lesions produced in DNA by ozone. This strong oxidizing agent was found
      to relax, linearize, then degrade native plasmid (pAT153) DNA molecules in
      solution. Ozone, like ionizing radiation, thus produced DNA breakage. To
      ascertain this point, wild-type and radiosensitive strains of Escherichia coli
      were transfected with control or ozonated plasmid DNA, and the host cells were
      selected for antibiotic resistance. A significant reduction in the transforming
      ability of pAT153 was observed following ozonation. Mutants deficient in the
      repair of DNA single-strand breaks yielded less ampicillin- or tetracycline
      resistant clones than repair-proficient strains. In E. coli, the same gene
      products are probably involved in the repair of both radiation- and ozone-induced
      DNA breaks.

PMID- 3882641
TI  - Development of macrophage and granulocyte colonies from human peripheral blood.
AB  - The presence of macrophage and granulocyte progenitor cells in the human
      peripheral blood enabled the establishment of colonies from this accessible
      tissue and obviated the need for bone marrow to achieve this task. We have
      developed a method of obtaining reproducible growth of macrophage/granulocyte
      colonies from human peripheral blood. Colonies of macrophages and granulocytes
      were obtained by plating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) in
      methylcellulose containing medium in the presence of medium conditioned by
      nonstimulated PBM (CM). At early stages of colony growth both macrophage and
      granulocyte colonies were detected while following 20-25 days in culture all
      colonies tested revealed monocyte-macrophage morphology. To obtain higher numbers
      of colonies, we tested different cell sources, different CM preparations and the
      effect of steroid hormones on colony development. We found that the mononuclear
      cells obtained from cord blood (CB) or from some patients with inflammatory bowel
      disease yielded much higher numbers of colonies than PBM from normal individuals.
      Colony development from these two sources did not depend on an external source of
      colony stimulating factor (CSF) but was augmented as a result of CSF
      supplementation. CM obtained from CB mononuclear cells as well as supernatants
      from some human monoblastic cell lines were similar in their CSF activity to CM
      from normal PBM and made possible the development of macrophage/granulocyte
      colonies. Higher numbers of colonies were induced by including physiological
      concentrations of estradiol in the culture medium, in the absence of external
      sources of CSF. The system described above enabled the analysis of cloned
      macrophages and their circulating progenitor cells as well as the assay of
      different preparations of CSF.

PMID- 3882642
TI  - The imaging revolution and radiation oncology: use of CT, ultrasound, and NMR for
      localization, treatment planning and treatment delivery.
AB  - The explosion of new imaging technologies such as X ray computed tomography (CT),
      ultrasound (US), positron emission tomography (PET), and nuclear magnetic
      resonance imaging (NMR) has forced a major change in radiation therapy treatment
      planning philosophy and procedures. Modern computer technology has been wedded to
      these new imaging modalities, making possible sophisticated radiation therapy
      treatment planning using both the detailed anatomical and density information
      that is made available by CT and the other imaging modalities. This has forced a
      revolution in the way treatments are planned, with the result that actual beam
      configurations are typically both more complex and more carefully tailored to the
      desired target volume. This increase in precision and accuracy will presumably
      improve the results of radiation therapy.

PMID- 3882643
TI  - Requirements for a treatment planning system for radioimmunotherapy.
AB  - Cancer-seeking antibodies carrying radionuclides can, in theory, be very powerful
      agents for the radiotherapy of cancer. However, as with all radiotherapy, the
      undesired dose to critical normal organs is the limiting factor that determines
      success or failure. The distribution of radiation dose in cancer and noncancer
      tissue is highly dependent on choices the therapist can make: choices of the
      antigens to be targeted, choices of the antibodies or antibody fragments to be
      used, choices of radionuclides, of amounts, of timing, and other electives. New
      technologies, especially of monoclonal antibody production, make the options
      myriad. Optimization of this therapy depends on a foreknowledge of the radiation
      dose distributions to be expected. The necessary data can be acquired by
      established tracer techniques, in individual patients, for particular treatment
      selections. These tracer techniques can now be implemented by advanced equipment
      for quantitative, tomographic radionuclide imaging and strengthened by dynamic
      modeling of the physiological parameters which govern radionuclide distribution,
      and hence radiation dose distribution.

PMID- 3882644
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of head and neck extranodal sites.
AB  - The initial staging, therapy and course of 156 patients with non-Hodgkin's
      lymphomas of head and neck extranodal sites were analyzed to determine whether
      they have a natural history which differs from primary nodal disease. The sites
      involved were: Waldeyer's ring-103 patients (tonsil-60, nasopharynx-25, base of
      tongue-18), and extralymphatic sites-53 patients (salivary gland-20, paranasal
      sinus-20, oral cavity-10, and larynx-3). Seventy-six percent had unfavorable
      histologies and 24% had favorable histologies. Fifty-three percent had pathologic
      Stages I-II and 47% had Stages III-IV. The 5-year survival was influenced by
      primary sites: salivary gland-61%, oral cavity-57%, tonsil-49%, base of tongue
      47%, nasopharynx-36% and paranasal sinus-12%. The 5-year survival was also
      influenced by histology: unfavorable histologies-39%, favorable histologies-69%.
      The Ann Arbor staging system was more useful than TNM for determining outcome.
      For patients with Stage I-II unfavorable histologies treated with radiation
      alone, the 5-year survival was: involved field-24%, extended field-42%, total
      lymphoid irradiation-52%. The majority of patients who failed did so in
      extranodal sites. Forty-one patients with advanced disease received a variety of
      chemotherapy regimens as the sole treatment. There was a high percentage of CNS
      recurrence with paranasal sinus lymphoma, and CNS prophylaxis may be necessary.
      For head and neck extranodal lymphomas, limited radiation is inadequate, and
      combined modality programs should be considered.

PMID- 3882645
TI  - [Alone with your God. A midwife reminisces].

PMID- 3882646
TI  - Granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis.

PMID- 3882647
TI  - Surgical management of perineal lacerations and rectovestibular fistulae in the
      mare: a retrospective study of 47 cases.
AB  - The case records of 47 mares with third-degree perineal lacerations or
      rectovestibular fistulae were examined to evaluate their fertility following
      surgical repair. Of 32 mares bred, 24 became pregnant, suggesting that surgical
      repair is indicated in any mare with sufficient genetic potential. Perineal
      trauma after surgical repair was recorded in 3 of 20 mares at subsequent
      parturition.

PMID- 3882648
TI  - Nocardia asteroides infection in horses: a review.
AB  - From 1965 to 1983, Nocardia asteroides infection was diagnosed in 16 horses at
      the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis. In 2
      of the cases, the infection was traumatic in origin and local in extent; the
      horses recovered without relevant antimicrobial therapy. Fourteen horses had
      pulmonary or disseminated infections that ended fatally. All 14 had various
      degrees of immunosuppression. Of these, 8 were Arabian foals with combined
      immunodeficiency disease and 3 were aged horses with hyperadrenocorticism
      secondary to ACTH-secreting pituitary tumors. Of the other 3, one had
      lymphosarcoma, another, hepatic disease presumed to be of toxic origin, and the
      third, a mixed disseminated bacterial infection.

PMID- 3882649
TI  - Stimulation of swine growth by porcine growth hormone.
AB  - Highly purified porcine growth hormone (pGH; USDA-B1) was administered by im
      injection (22 micrograms X kg body weight-1 X d-1) to rapidly growing Yorkshire
      barrows for 30 d. Growth hormone significantly increased growth rate (10%), feed
      efficiency (4%), cartilage growth and muscle mass. However, pGH did not affect
      carcass adipose tissue mass. Intramuscular lipid content of the longissimus was
      increased 50% by pGH administration. Plasma pGH concentration was elevated (7- to
      11-fold) for 3 to 5 h post-injection. Chronic administration of pGH depressed
      pituitary GH content and concentration approximately 45%. No GH antibodies were
      detected in the plasma of GH-treated swine. Plasma somatomedin-C concentration
      was increased 55% by GH treatment 3 h post-injection. Plasma glucose and insulin
      concentrations were both significantly increased in GH-treated swine, suggesting
      that the animals had developed a state of insulin resistance. Plasma-free fatty
      acid concentration tended to be higher in GH-treated animals. Treatment of swine
      with pGH significantly decreased plasma blood urea nitrogen. Assessment of animal
      health during the trial and postmortem indicated that pGH administration did not
      have any adverse effects. In summary, treatment of young, rapidly growing swine
      with pGH stimulated growth performance without affecting animal health or
      inducing the production of GH antibodies.

PMID- 3882650
TI  - Influence of selection for milk yield on endogenous hormones and metabolites in
      Holstein heifers and cows.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), insulin, glucagon,
      glucose, urea and free fatty acids (FFA) were measured in Holstein calves,
      yearlings, bred heifers and primiparous cows, either sired by bulls with high
      predicted differences (PD) for milk (selection group) or by bulls from an
      unselected random bred control population (control group; n = 6). Serial blood
      samples were collected before and after feeding for an 8-h period from 0900 to
      1700 h. All animals were fed a complete feed at 1100 h and administered insulin
      (.6 IU/100 kg body weight) at 1400 h. Mean plasma PRL was greater in control
      animals after feeding and insulin administration, while GH was greater overall in
      selection cattle. Insulin remained elevated longer in selection animals after
      exogenous administration, and plasma glucagon was increased in the control group.
      While plasma glucose and urea were unaffected by genetic group, plasma FFA were
      elevated in selection group calves and primiparous cows compared with the control
      group. All hormones and metabolites differed among the pre- and post-feeding and
      insulin administration periods and also with age. Mean PRL and GH increased after
      feeding, while glucagon decreased after exogenous insulin. Plasma FFA declined
      after feeding, while urea and glucose were similar before and after feeding. Mean
      PRL increased and glucagon decreased with advancing age and plasma GH and insulin
      showed inverse relationships at different ages. Plasma FFA changes closely
      followed GH changes with age, while plasma glucose more closely followed insulin
      changes with age. Results indicate that all hormones measured and FFA responded
      to genetic selection for milk, and increases in GH are uniformly associated with
      increased genetic potential for milk yield.

PMID- 3882651
TI  - Praziquantel.

PMID- 3882652
TI  - Susceptibility of 126 isolates of Escherichia coli from the cerebrospinal fluid
      of neonates to five antibiotics.
AB  - One hundred and twenty-six clinical isolates of Escherichia coli from the CSF of
      neonates, obtained in the Netherlands during 1976 to 1982, were tested for
      sensitivity to five antibiotics. The usefulness of the generally recommended
      initial therapy, a combination of ampicillin and gentamicin, is supported in the
      majority of cases. On the basis of the in-vitro results, cefotaxime would have
      been effective as a therapy for all cases. Ampicillin and cefuroxime resistance
      occurred mostly in neonates who had received antibiotics prophylactically,
      neonates whose mothers had fever during labour or in neonates who had been nursed
      in incubators for more than one week.

PMID- 3882653
TI  - Penetration of ceftazidime into the human prostate gland following intravenous
      injection.
AB  - The concentration of ceftazidime in human prostatic tissue obtained by
      transurethral resection was measured by microbiological assay in 24 patients
      after the intravenous administration of one 2 g dose. The average concentration
      of ceftazidime in the tissue was 10.1 micrograms/g 70 min after injection and 6.1
      micrograms/g 140 min after injection; these levels were each approximately 14% of
      the corresponding serum levels. The concentration of ceftazidime achieved in the
      prostatic tissue was greater than the minimum inhibitory concentrations of
      ceftazidime for Gram-negative pathogens.

PMID- 3882654
TI  - In-vitro susceptibility of Nocardia asteroides to 21 beta-lactam antibiotics, in
      combination with three beta-lactamase inhibitors, and its relationship to the
      beta-lactamase content.
AB  - Twelve strains of Nocardia asteroides were studied for their susceptibility to 21
      beta-lactam antibiotics, alone or in combination with clavulanic acid, sulbactam,
      or BLP 2013, and for their content of beta-lactamase. Eleven strains were shown
      to have beta-lactamase activities, which gave three different patterns after
      analytical isoelectric focusing. The only strain with no detectable beta
      lactamase was the most susceptible to the antibiotics tested. The other strains
      containing beta-lactamases showed almost the same susceptibility profile.
      Clavulanic acid was the only beta-lactamase inhibitor to show a significant
      synergistic effect when combined with penicillins.

PMID- 3882655
TI  - Therapeutic potential of high renal levels of aminoglycosides in pyelonephritis.

PMID- 3882656
TI  - Combined activity of metronidazole and gentamicin on Bacteroides fragilis in vivo
      and in vitro.
AB  - A mixed aerobic/anaerobic infection in mice was established by co-injecting
      Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli into a thigh muscle. Metronidazole
      administration 6 h after this inoculation resulted in a dose-dependent decrease
      of Bact. fragilis at 18 h after drug administration. Co-administration of
      gentamicin with metronidazole resulted in a significant decrease of the numbers
      of E. coli but did not markedly influence the effect of metronidazole on Bact.
      fragilis.

PMID- 3882657
TI  - Erythromycin stearate, 1.5 g, for the oral prophylaxis of streptococcal
      bacteraemia in patients undergoing dental extraction: efficacy and tolerance.
AB  - Erythromycin stearate, 1.5 g, was effective in reducing the prevalence of
      streptococcal bacteraemia following dental extraction when administered orally
      under supervision 1 h before extraction. Blood samples were collected from adult
      patients for culture and erythromycin assay 1 to 2 min after the dental
      procedure. High dilution techniques involving the use of 1 litre bottles of broth
      were used to inactivate erythromycin present in blood cultures. Viridans
      streptococci were isolated from 6 of 40 patients receiving erythromycin (15%)
      compared with 18 of 42 control patients (43%). The mean serum erythromycin
      concentration at the time of extraction was 3.7 mg/l for 34 patients receiving
      erythromycin who had negative blood cultures compared with 1.8 mg/l for the six
      patients given erythromycin who had viridans streptococci isolated from the
      blood. Both the 1.5 g erythromycin stearate and placebo oral doses were well
      tolerated in a double blind comparative study which included 109 adult dental
      patients.

PMID- 3882658
TI  - The pharmacokinetics and safety of ceftazidime in the neonate.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and safety of ceftazidime (25 mg/kg twice daily
      intravenously or intramuscularly) were determined in 41 young, premature neonates
      who were clinically infected and would otherwise have received gentamicin plus
      penicillin. Ceftazidime was assayed in 46 series of blood samples by HPLC. Blood
      was collected before, during and after treatment for analysis of biochemical and
      haematological factors. Faecal specimens were examined for the presence of
      Clostridium difficile and its toxin. Although the peak concentration following iv
      administration was higher (77 +/- 8 mg/l) than that following im injection (56 +/
      7 mg/l), satisfactory serum levels were maintained throughout the dosage
      interval using either route. Mean pharmacokinetic profiles following both routes
      are reported. Postnatal age was the most important factor governing total body
      clearance (P = 0.0001) and serum half life (P = 0.001). The biochemical and
      haematological status of the majority of babies remained unaffected by therapy
      and there was no increase in the incidence of Cl. difficile isolation from
      stools. Ceftazidime is a safe and well tolerated drug for use in the treatment of
      neonates. 25 mg/kg administered twice daily results in adequate serum levels in
      babies during the first two weeks of life.

PMID- 3882659
TI  - Identification of the phosphocarrier protein enzyme IIIgut: essential component
      of the glucitol phosphotransferase system in Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of glucitol has been shown to
      require four distinct proteins in Salmonella typhimurium: two general energy
      coupling proteins, enzyme I and HPr, and two glucitol-specific proteins, enzyme
      IIgut and enzyme IIIgut. The enzyme IIgut was solubilized from the membrane and
      purified about 100-fold, free of the other protein constituents of the
      phosphotransferase system. Enzyme IIIgut was found in both the soluble and the
      membrane fractions. The soluble enzyme IIIgut was purified to near homogeneity by
      gel filtration, hydroxylapatite chromatography, and hydrophobic chromatography on
      butylagarose. It was sensitive to parital inactivation by trypsin and N
      ethylmaleimide, but was stable at 80 degrees C. The protein had an approximate
      molecular weight of 15,000. It was phosphorylated in the presence of
      phosphoenolpyruvate, enzyme I, and HPr, and this phosphoprotein was
      dephosphorylated in the presence of enzyme IIgut and glucitol. Antibodies were
      raised against enzyme IIIgut. Enzyme IIIglc and enzyme IIIgut exhibited no
      enzymatic or immunological cross-reactivity. Enzyme IIgut, enzyme IIIgut, and
      glucitol phosphate dehydrogenase activities were specifically induced by growth
      in the presence of glucitol. These results serve to characterize the glucitol
      specific proteins of the phosphotransferase system in S. typhimurium.

PMID- 3882660
TI  - Escherichia coli mutant with altered respiratory control of the frd operon.
AB  - In wild-type Escherichia coli, fumarate reductase encoded by the frd operon is
      inducible by its substrate in the absence of molecular oxygen and nitrate.
      Synthesis of this enzyme under permissive conditions requires the fnr+ gene
      product, which is believed to be a pleiotropic regulatory protein that activates
      transcription. A spontaneous mutant was isolated in which the expression of the
      frd operon no longer depended on the presence of fumarate or the fnr+ gene
      product. Aerobic repression of the operon was abolished, but nitrate repression
      remained intact. Transductional analysis showed that the mutation was closely
      linked to the frd locus. The mutant phenotype strongly suggests that repression
      by molecular oxygen and nitrate is mediated by different mechanisms.

PMID- 3882661
TI  - Mutant of Escherichia coli deficient in osmoregulation of periplasmic
      oligosaccharide synthesis.
AB  - A mutant of Escherichia coli (mdoR) has been isolated which is defective in
      synthesis of the membrane-derived oligosaccharides (MDO) normally found in the
      periplasmic space. In media of high osmotic pressure this defect is suppressed
      and MDO levels approaching those of the wild type are produced. The mdoR mutant
      also fails to accumulate glycogen; however, genetic analysis showed that mdoR was
      not cotransducible with the known glg (glycogen) locus. A further relationship
      between MDO and glycogen metabolism was suggested by two observations that (i)
      certain glg mutants affect MDO accumulation and (ii) elevated osmotic pressure
      inhibits glycogen accumulation, in both wild-type and mdoR cells.

PMID- 3882662
TI  - Pi exchange mediated by the GlpT-dependent sn-glycerol-3-phosphate transport
      system in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The GlpT system for sn-glycerol-3-phosphate transport in Escherichia coli is
      shown to catalyze a rapid efflux of Pi from the internal phosphate pools in
      response to externally added Pi or glycerol-3-phosphate. A glpR mutation, which
      results in constitutive expression of the GlpT system, is responsible for this
      rapid Pi efflux and the arsenate sensitivity of several laboratory strains,
      including the popular strain C600. Glucose and other phosphotransferase system
      sugars inhibit Pi efflux by repressing glpT expression.

PMID- 3882663
TI  - Overproduction and nucleotide sequence of the respiratory D-lactate dehydrogenase
      of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Recombinant DNA plasmids containing the gene for the membrane-bound D-lactate
      dehydrogenase (D-LDH) of Escherichia coli linked to the promoter PL from lambda
      were constructed. After induction, the levels of D-LDH were elevated 300-fold
      over that of the wild type and amounted to 35% of the total cellular protein. The
      nucleotide sequence of the D-LDH gene was determined and shown to agree with the
      amino acid composition and the amino-terminal sequence of the purified enzyme.
      Removal of the amino-terminal formyl-Met from D-LDH was not inhibited in cells
      which contained these high levels of D-LDH.

PMID- 3882664
TI  - Molecular analysis of DNA and construction of genomic libraries of Mycobacterium
      leprae.
AB  - Molecular analysis of DNA from Mycobacterium leprae, "Mycobacterium lufu," and
      Mycobacterium vaccae has demonstrated that the G + C (guanine plus cytosine)
      contents of the DNAs are 56, 61, and 65%, respectively, and that the genome sizes
      are 2.2 X 10(9), 3.1 X 10(9), and 3.1 X 10(9) daltons, respectively. Because of
      the significant differences in both G + C content and genome size among M.
      leprae, "M. lufu," and M. vaccae DNAs, these species are not related, although
      hybridization experiments under nonstringent conditions, with two separate cloned
      M. leprae DNA inserts as probes, indicate that there are some conserved sequences
      among the DNAs. The G + C content of Dasypus novemcinctus (armadillo, the animal
      of choice for cultivating M. leprae) DNA was determined to be 36%. Genomic
      libraries potentially representing more than 99.99% of each genome were prepared
      by cloning into the cosmid vector, pHC79, in Escherichia coli K-12. A genomic
      library representing approximately 95% of the genome of M. vaccae was prepared in
      pBR322. M. leprae DNA was subcloned from the pHC79::M. leprae library into an
      expression vector, pYA626. This vector is a 3.8-kilobase derivative of pBR322 in
      which the promoter region of the asd (aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase) gene
      from Streptococcus mutans has been inserted in place of the EcoRI-to-PstI
      fragment of pBR322. Several (44% of those tested) pYA626::M. leprae recombinants
      and one pBR322::M. vaccae recombinant synthesized new polypeptides in minicells
      of E. coli, indicating that mycobacterial DNA can be expressed in E. coli K-12,
      although expression is probably dependent upon use of nonmycobacterial promoters
      recognized by the E. coli transcription-translation apparatus.

PMID- 3882665
TI  - Instability of Candida albicans hybrids.
AB  - Total cellular DNA content, determined by a colorimetric method, was used as an
      index of ploidy in Candida albicans. Mononucleate hybrids were formed by fusion
      of spheroplasts derived from diploid parent strains. Five hybrids, of six
      studied, were taken to be tetraploid on the basis of estimated DNA content. One
      hybrid was taken to be hexaploid or near-hexaploid. Selection for increased
      resistance to 5-fluorocytosine in the hybrids, which were heterozygous for
      resistance, resulted in isolation of variants which were of lower ploidy than the
      hybrids from which they originated. Variants were obtained which corresponded (in
      measured DNA content) to aneuploid, triploid, and diploid states. These results
      may form the basis of a cyclic parasexual system (2n X 2n----4n----2n) for
      genetic analysis of this asexual species.

PMID- 3882666
TI  - New cysE-pyrE-linked rfa mutation in Escherichia coli K-12 that results in a
      heptoseless lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - A new novobiocin-supersensitive mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 has been
      characterized biochemically and genetically. Lipopolysaccharide prepared from
      this mutant strain is truncated and contains 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid as
      its only core sugar. This new core-defective mutation, designated rfa-2, results
      in increased sensitivity to several hydrophobic and some hydrophilic agents.
      Genetic analysis of the rfa mutant indicated that the rfa-2 locus is located at
      81 min on the chromosome. The order of the genes in this region based on
      transduction analysis is xyl cysE rfa-2 rfaD70 pyrE. P1 transduction analyses
      indicate that the rfa-2 marker is nonallelic with the recently described cysE
      pyrE-linked rfaD70 locus. Plasmids carrying the wild-type rfaD70+ allele failed
      to abolish the rfa-2 phenotypes. Further, the rfaD gene product, ADP-L-glycero-D
      mannoheptose-6-epimerase, was detected in crude extracts of a rfa-2 mutant
      strain, CL609, and was absent in the rfaD70 mutant. The wild-type rfa-2 allele
      codes either for a specific heptose biosynthetic enzyme (different from the rfaD
      gene product) or an enzymatic activity required for the addition of heptose to
      the lipid A-2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid acceptor.

PMID- 3882667
TI  - Occurrence of diploid strains of Cryptococcus neoformans.
AB  - A mating between niacin and pantothenate auxotrophs of Cryptococcus neoformans
      gave a few prototrophic progeny that were self-fertile. These were uninuclear but
      contained twice as much DNA as the parental strains. Segregation of nutritional
      markers was observed upon sporulation. We conclude that these self-fertile
      strains are diploids.

PMID- 3882668
TI  - Mutational analysis of the Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase promoter: sequences
      essential for positive control by nifA and ntrC (glnG) products.
AB  - ntr (nitrogen regulated) and nif (nitrogen fixation) promoters are structurally
      similar to each other but bear no resemblance to canonic Escherichia coli
      promoters. ntr promoters are normally activated by the ntrC (glnG) product, but
      they can also be activated by the ntrC-related Klebsiella pneumoniae nifA
      product. In contrast, nif promoters of K. pneumoniae such as the nitrogenase
      (nifH) promoter can only be nifA activated. In this paper, we report the
      isolation and characterization of 28 mutants of the K. pneumoniae nifH promoter.
      Class A mutants no longer respond to nifA-mediated transcription, and class B
      mutants can now respond to ntrC-mediated activation. These two classes of mutants
      define sequences important to nifA- and ntrC-mediated transcription. Most
      surprising is that a single base change is sufficient to convert a nifA-activated
      promoter into an ntrC-activated one.

PMID- 3882669
TI  - Isolation of genes (nif/hup cosmids) involved in hydrogenase and nitrogenase
      activities in Rhizobium japonicum.
AB  - Recombinant cosmids containing a Rhizobium japonicum gene involved in both
      hydrogenase (Hup) and nitrogenase (Nif) activities were isolated. An R. japonicum
      gene bank utilizing broad-host-range cosmid pLAFR1 was conjugated into Hup- Nif-
      R. japonicum strain SR139. Transconjugants containing the nif/hup cosmid were
      identified by their resistance to tetracycline (Tcr) and ability to grow
      chemoautotrophically (Aut+) with hydrogen. All Tcr Aut+ transconjugants possessed
      high levels of H2 uptake activity, as determined amperometrically. Moreover, all
      Hup+ transconjugants tested possessed the ability to reduce acetylene (Nif+) in
      soybean nodules. Cosmid DNAs from 19 Hup+ transconjugants were transferred to
      Escherichia coli by transformation. When the cosmids were restricted with EcoRI,
      15 of the 19 cosmids had a restriction pattern with 13.2-, 4.0-, 3.0-, and 2.5
      kilobase DNA fragments. Six E. coli transformants containing the nif/hup cosmids
      were conjugated with strain SR139. All strain SR139 transconjugants were Hup+
      Nif+. Moreover, one nif/hup cosmid was transferred to 15 other R. japonicum Hup-
      mutants. Hup+ transconjugants of six of the Hup- mutants appeared at a frequency
      of 1.0, whereas the transconjugants of the other nine mutants remained Hup-.
      These results indicate that the nif/hup gene cosmids contain a gene involved in
      both nitrogenase and hydrogenase activities and at least one and perhaps other
      hup genes which are exclusively involved in H2 uptake activity.

PMID- 3882670
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the gene for the vitamin B12 receptor protein in the outer
      membrane of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of a 2220-base-pair fragment containing the btuB gene of
      Escherichia coli was determined. There was a single open reading frame which was
      translated into a 614-amino-acid polypeptide, the first 20 amino acids of which
      comprised a typical leader sequence. The putative mature or processed form had a
      molecular weight (66,400) and a composition in close agreement with that
      determined for the purified receptor. The distribution of amino acids in the
      receptor protein was similar to that of other outer membrane proteins, showing a
      fairly even distribution of charged residues and the absence of extensive
      hydrophobic stretches. The btuB451 mutation appears to alter the receptor to
      eliminate its ability to function in vitamin B12 uptake without affecting its
      ligand binding properties. The sequence of the DNA from this mutant was
      determined and revealed a leucine-to-proline (C-to-T transition) change in the
      eighth amino acid of the mature form.

PMID- 3882671
TI  - Single-strand breakage of DNA in UV-irradiated uvrA, uvrB, and uvrC mutants of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - We transduced the uvrA6, uvrB5, uvrC34, and uvrC56 markers from the original
      mutagenized strains into an HF4714 background. Although in the original
      mutagenized strains uvrA6 cells are more UV sensitive than uvrB5 and uvrC34
      cells, in the new background no significant difference in UV sensitivity is
      observed among uvrA6, uvrB5, and uvrC34 cells. No DNA single-strand breaks are
      detected in UV-irradiated uvrA6 or uvrB5 cells, whereas in contrast a significant
      number of single-strand breaks are detected in both UV-irradiated uvrC34 and
      uvrC56 cells. The number of single-strand breaks in these cells reaches a plateau
      at 20-J/m2 irradiation. Since these single-strand breaks can be detected by both
      alkaline sucrose and neutral formamide-sucrose gradient sedimentation, we
      concluded that the single-strand breaks observed in UV-irradiated uvrC cells are
      due to phosphodiester bond interruptions in DNA and are not due to
      apurinic/apyrimidinic sites.

PMID- 3882672
TI  - Mutations in the rpoH (htpR) gene of Escherichia coli K-12 phenotypically
      suppress a temperature-sensitive mutant defective in the sigma 70 subunit of RNA
      polymerase.
AB  - Escherichia coli K-12 strain 285c contains a mutation in rpoD, the gene encoding
      the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase. The 70-kilodalton sigma polypeptide encoded
      by this allele is unstable, and this instability leads to temperature-sensitive
      growth. We describe the isolation and characterization of four temperature
      resistant pseudorevertants of 285c that can grow at high temperature. Each of
      these revertants increased the stability of the sigma 70 mutant protein. The map
      position of the suppressor mutations was close to that of the rpoH (htpR) gene. A
      multicopy plasmid containing the intact rpoH gene restored the temperature
      sensitive phenotype. Marker rescue experiments established the positions of three
      of the alleles within the rpoH gene. One mutation has been sequenced and causes a
      leucine-to-tryptophan change 7 amino acids from the carboxyl terminus of the rpoH
      gene product.

PMID- 3882673
TI  - Accumulation of prolipoprotein in Escherichia coli mutants defective in protein
      secretion.
AB  - The export of lipoprotein has been found to be affected in both secA and secY
      mutants of Escherichia coli which are defective in the secretion of a number of
      outer membrane and periplasmic proteins. The kinetics of accumulation of
      prolipoprotein upon a temperature shift to 42 degrees C is indistinguishable from
      that of pre-OmpA protein accumulation in the secA mutant. In both secA and secY
      mutants, the accumulated prolipoprotein is unmodified with glyceride and
      localized in the cytoplasmic membrane. We conclude from these results that the
      early steps in protein export are common to prolipoprotein and non-lipoprotein
      precursors. The pathways for the export of these two groups of precursor proteins
      diverge with regard to the modification and processing reactions which are late
      events in the export process.

PMID- 3882674
TI  - Alkaline phosphatase and OmpA protein can be translocated posttranslationally
      into membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli.
AB  - We previously described a system for translocating the periplasmic enzyme
      alkaline phosphatase and the outer membrane protein OmpA into inverted membrane
      vesicles of Escherichia coli. We have now optimized and substantially improved
      the translocation system by including polyamines and by reducing the amount of
      membrane used. Under these conditions, efficient translocation was seen even
      posttranslationally, i.e., when vesicles were not added until after protein
      synthesis was stopped. This was the case not only with the OmpA protein, which is
      synthesized by free polysomes and hence is presumably exported
      posttranslationally in the cell, but also with alkaline phosphatase, which is
      synthesized only by membrane-bound polysomes and has been shown to be secreted
      cotranslationally in the cells. Prolonged incubation rendered the precursors
      inactive for subsequent translocation. Posttranslational translocation was
      impaired, like cotranslational translocation, by inhibitors of the proton motive
      force and by treatment of the vesicles with protease. Since it appears that E.
      coli can translocate the same proteins either cotranslationally or
      posttranslationally, the cotranslational mode may perhaps be more efficient, but
      not obligatory, for the secretion of bacterial proteins.

PMID- 3882675
TI  - Electron microscopy of the secondary structure in partially denatured rRNAs of
      Escherichia coli and Bacillus stearothermophilus.
AB  - Partially denatured 16S and 23S rRNAs from the thermophile Bacillus
      stearothermophilus show characteristic loop patterns when observed by electron
      microscopy. The patterns are very similar to those seen in rRNAs from Escherichia
      coli. At least 2 of 4 most stable interactions in 16S rRNA and 8 of 12
      interactions in 23S rRNA are in common for the two species. These interactions
      correspond well to features of secondary structure in models inferred for rRNA
      from phylogenetic sequence comparisons and chemical modification studies.
      However, two additional large loops, enclosing large portions of the 23S rRNA,
      have been detected in B. stearothermophilus for the first time, and even though
      other loops are similar, their relative frequencies vary in the two species. Much
      of the variation is consistent with relative delta G degree values for putative
      base-paired stems at the base of different loops; but the 5'-terminal loops in
      23S rRNA, for example, are unaccountably far less stable in B.
      stearothermophilus. Also, in general, structural features are not differentially
      stabilized in B. stearothermophilus; the relative stability of secondary
      structure in its ribosomes at elevated growth temperatures must involve
      interactions with ribosomal proteins or other cellular components.

PMID- 3882676
TI  - Double-blind comparative trials of fluoxetine and doxepin in geriatric patients
      with major depressive disorder.
AB  - Fluoxetine was compared to doxepin in geriatric out-patients with major
      depressive illness. At the end of the 6-week double-blind study, the mean
      endpoint scores for all rating scales were significantly improved over base-line
      in both treatment groups. A subsequent 48-week open-label study supported the
      finding that both drugs are efficacious for maintenance therapy in elderly
      depressed patients. Fluoxetine, which lacks anticholinergic effects and is
      nonsedating, was well-tolerated by most patients and had fewer total side effects
      than doxepin. Common drug-related side effects for fluoxetine included
      nervousness/anxiety and nausea. Common side effects of doxepin were dry mouth,
      drowsiness/sedation, constipation, and dizziness/lightheadedness.

PMID- 3882677
TI  - A comparison of fluoxetine, imipramine, and placebo in patients with major
      depressive disorder.
AB  - The efficacy and safety of fluoxetine were compared with those of imipramine and
      of placebo in a 6-week randomized double-blind parallel study of patients with
      major depressive illness. Mean values for all efficacy measurements were improved
      over baseline with fluoxetine and imipramine treatment (p less than .001). More
      fluoxetine patients completed the study than did imipramine or placebo patients.
      Predominant adverse experiences reported by imipramine patients were dry mouth
      and dizziness/lightheadedness. Predominant adverse experiences reported by
      fluoxetine patients were drowsiness/sedation and excessive sweating. In a
      subsequent 48-week open-label study, the predominant adverse experience in the
      fluoxetine group was excessive sweating and in the imipramine group was still dry
      mouth. In this study, fluoxetine relieved the symptoms of major depressive
      illness effectively and significantly better than placebo and was better
      tolerated than imipramine.

PMID- 3882678
TI  - Development of new treatments for depression.
AB  - The mixed actions of the older tricyclic antidepressants make them generally
      unsuitable as pharmacologic tools in investigating mechanisms of antidepressant
      effect. Tricyclics are also relatively dangerous in overdose, and their patient
      acceptability is limited by marked side effects and cardiotoxicity. The current
      trend in the development of new antidepressants is to identify pharmacologically
      active molecules that have selective action. Compounds with a selective effect in
      blocking serotonin reuptake have recently been developed. Among these, fluoxetine
      is of substantial theoretical interest because, unlike other serotonin uptake
      inhibitors, it is rather specific and does not appear to down-regulate beta
      receptors. Assessment of the relative efficacy of such compounds should provide
      insight into the mechanisms of antidepressant effect. Prerequisites of clinical
      trials for new antidepressants are briefly reviewed.

PMID- 3882679
TI  - A double-blind controlled clinical trial of fluoxetine and amitriptyline in the
      treatment of outpatients with major depressive disorder.
AB  - Fluoxetine, a specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor, was compared to
      amitriptyline in the treatment of 51 outpatients with primary major depressive
      disorder. After a 1-week placebo washout, patients were randomly assigned to 5
      weeks of treatment with fluoxetine or amitriptyline. Fluoxetine was found to have
      a therapeutic effect comparable to that of amitriptyline; however, the fluoxetine
      treatment group had a better Efficacy Index-Side Effects rating and a lower
      incidence of anticholinergic autonomic side effects. Four amitriptyline-treated
      patients had to discontinue the study because of serious side effects, while in
      the fluoxetine treatment group there were no terminations due to side effects.
      The amitriptyline-treated patients gained significantly more weight than the
      fluoxetine-treated patients.

PMID- 3882680
TI  - Comparison of two dosage regimens of fluoxetine in major depression.
AB  - The effect of dose frequency on fluoxetine efficacy and safety was evaluated in a
      double-blind study in patients with major depressive disorder. The patients
      received fluoxetine once a day (in the morning) or twice a day (in the morning
      and at noon). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the
      mean measures of efficacy, all of which showed significant improvement over
      baseline (p less than .001). Adverse experience profiles were not significantly
      different, with nervousness/anxiety predominating in both groups. In the
      subsequent 48-week open-label study, the percentage of patients reporting adverse
      experiences decreased greatly.

PMID- 3882681
TI  - Classification and determination of cerebral bioavailability of fluoxetine:
      pharmacokinetic, pharmaco-EEG, and psychometric analyses.
AB  - In a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study, the pharmacokinetic,
      encephalotropic, and psychotropic properties of fluoxetine were investigated in 8
      normal volunteers. Subjects received in randomized order, at 2-week intervals,
      single oral doses of placebo and 30, 60, and 75 mg of fluoxetine. Data were
      obtained at baseline and 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 hours after drug administration.
      There was a dose-dependent rise in plasma levels up to the 4th to 6th hour,
      followed by a slow decline, consistent with the reported long half-life. Digital
      computer period EEG analysis showed only mild encephalotropic effects of
      fluoxetine compared with placebo. The EEG changes, especially in the vigilance
      controlled recordings, were similar to those seen after antidepressants of the
      desipramine type; changes in resting EEGs after the highest dose resembled those
      seen after imipramine-like drugs. Maximal CNS efficacy occurred between the 8th
      and 10th hours postdrug. The hysteresis between peak blood levels and maximal
      pharmacodynamic effects suggests formation of an active metabolite. Psychometric
      investigations showed behavioral changes after fluoxetine that are known to occur
      after the administration of antidepressants to normal subjects. The drug was well
      tolerated.

PMID- 3882682
TI  - A review of multicenter controlled studies of fluoxetine vs. imipramine and
      placebo in outpatients with major depressive disorder.
AB  - The efficacy of fluoxetine was evaluated in depressed patients in double-blind
      imipramine- and placebo-controlled clinical trials. Fluoxetine produced greater
      improvement than placebo on all major efficacy parameters and was comparable to
      imipramine with respect to the primary indicators of depression. Fluoxetine had
      significantly less associated anticholinergic effects, dizziness, drowsiness,
      somatosensory disturbance, and excessive sweating than imipramine. Although
      nausea occurred more frequently in fluoxetine patients, it was generally mild and
      well tolerated. A significantly smaller percentage of fluoxetine than imipramine
      patients terminated therapy because of adverse experiences.

PMID- 3882683
TI  - beta-Interferon alters the pattern of proteins secreted from quiescent and
      platelet-derived growth factor-treated BALB/c-3T3 cells.
AB  - Mouse beta-interferon (at a concentration of 100 units/ml or higher) inhibited
      the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced replication of quiescent BALB/c
      3T3 cells. The interferon treatment did not inhibit, but slightly enhanced, the
      accumulation of the following three PDGF-induced RNAs: myc RNA, JE RNA, and KC
      RNA. The treatment with interferon changed the pattern of secreted proteins from
      quiescent cells and from cells treated with partially purified PDGF; it inhibited
      the accumulation of the PDGF-induced proteins (including proteins of 63 and 32
      kDa) and it induced the accumulation of several other proteins (including
      proteins of 89, 31.5, 30, and 10.5 kDa) in both quiescent and also in PDGF
      treated cells.

PMID- 3882684
TI  - A particle-associated ATP-dependent proteolytic activity in erythroleukemia
      cells.
AB  - An ATP-dependent proteolytic activity has been detected in both mouse
      erythroleukemia (Friend) cells and human (K562) erythroleukemia cells. Exposure
      of the Friend cells to dimethyl sulfoxide, which stimulates differentiation,
      increased ATP-dependent proteolysis approximately 2-fold although inducing
      differentiation in the K562 line had no significant effect on proteolysis. In
      contrast to the previously described soluble ATP-dependent proteolytic system of
      reticulocytes, the activity in the more primative erythroid cells is associated
      with a particulate fraction and is readily sedimentable by centrifugation at
      100,000 X g for 1 h. Like the soluble reticulocyte system, the particulate
      activity requires divalent cation and is inhibited by hemin as well as vanadate.
      The activity was isolated on a sucrose cushion (30%) and did not appear to be
      associated with membranes, cytoskeleton, or polysomes. This enzymatic activity
      which degrades abnormal globin chains may initially reside in a particulate
      fraction and then become solubilized during erythroid maturation to the
      reticulocyte stage. Alternatively, the particulate activity may disappear with
      cell maturation being replaced by a distinct soluble activity. ATP-dependent
      proteolytic activity is eventually lost with reticulocyte maturation and further
      aging of erythrocytes.

PMID- 3882685
TI  - NMR studies of intracellular sodium ions in mammalian cardiac myocytes.
AB  - The unambiguous measurement of intracellular sodium ion [Na+]i by the noninvasive
      NMR technique offers a new opportunity to monitor precisely the maintenance and
      fluctuations of [Na+]i levels in intact cells and tissues. The anionic frequency
      shift reagent, dysprosium (III) tripolyphosphate, which does not permeate intact
      cells, when added to suspensions of intact adult rat cardiac myocytes, alters the
      NMR frequency of extracellular sodium ions, [Na+]o, leaving that of intracellular
      ions, [Na+]i, unaffected. Using 23Na NMR in conjunction with this shift reagent,
      we have determined NMR-visible intracellular Na+ ion concentration in a
      suspension of isolated cardiac myocytes under standard conditions with insulin
      and Ca2+ in the extracellular medium to be 8.8 +/- 1.2 mmol/liter of cells (n =
      4). This value is comparable to that measured by intracellular ion-selective
      microelectrodes in heart tissue. Cardiac myocytes incubated for several hours in
      insulin-deficient, Ca2+-containing medium prior to NMR measurement exhibited a
      somewhat lower [Na+]i value of 6.9 +/- 0.5 mmol/liter of cells (n = 3).
      Reversible Na+ loading of the cells by manipulation of extracellular calcium
      levels is readily measured by the NMR technique. Incubation of myocytes in a Ca2+
      free, insulin-containing medium causes a 3-fold increase in [Na+]i to a level of
      22.8 +/- 2.6 mmol/liter of cells (n = 10). In contrast to cells with insulin,
      insulin-deficient myocytes exhibit a markedly lower level of [Na+]i of only 14.6
      +/- 2.0 mmol/liter of cells (n = 4) in Ca2+-free medium. These observations
      suggest that insulin may stimulate a pathway for Na+ influx in heart cells.

PMID- 3882687
TI  - Proposed mechanism for increased insulin-mediated glucose transport in adipose
      cells from young, obese Zucker rats. Large intracellular pool of glucose
      transporters.
AB  - The mechanism for hyperresponsive insulin-mediated glucose transport in adipose
      cells from 30-day-old obese Zucker rats was examined. Glucose transport was
      assayed by measuring 3-O-methylglucose transport, and the concentration of
      glucose transporters was estimated by measuring specific D-glucose-inhibitable
      cytochalasin B binding. Insulin increased glucose transport activity by
      approximately 17 fmol/cell/min in cells from obese rats compared to 3
      fmol/cell/min in lean littermates. Insulin increased the concentration of glucose
      transporters in the plasma membrane fraction by about 15 pmol/mg of membrane
      protein in both groups. The insulin-mediated decrease in the concentration of
      transporters in the low-density microsomal fraction was 30 pmol/mg of membrane
      protein for the obese rats compared to 15 pmol/mg of membrane protein for the
      lean controls. An estimated number of glucose transporters was calculated using
      membrane protein and enzyme recoveries for each group. Insulin increased the
      number of transporters in the plasma membrane by 3 X 10(6) sites/cell for the
      obese rats and only 0.6 X 10(6) sites/cell for the lean controls. In addition,
      insulin decreased the number of transporters/cell in the intracellular membrane
      pool by approximately 4 X 10(6) sites/cell for the obese rats and 0.9 X 10(6)
      sites/cells for the lean rats. The total number of transporters/cell was about 7
      X 10(6) sites/cell for the obese animals and 1.6 X 10(6) sites/cell for the lean
      controls. In the basal state, more than 80% of these transporters were located in
      the intracellular pool for both the lean and obese rats. Thus, the marked
      hyperresponsive insulin-mediated glucose transport observed in adipose cells from
      30-day-old obese Zucker rats may be the consequence of a marked increase in the
      number of glucose transporters in the intracellular pool.

PMID- 3882686
TI  - Reaction of substrates with 35S-thiophosphorylated succinyl-CoA synthetase of pig
      heart. Similarities to the case of the Escherichia coli enzyme.
AB  - Guanosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate (GTP gamma S) was found to be a substrate of
      pig heart succinyl-CoA synthetase with Km and kcat values of 3 microM and 0.23 s
      1, respectively. The corresponding values with GTP as substrate were 48 microM
      and 65 s-1. 35S-thiophosphorylated enzyme was prepared by incubation of pig heart
      succinyl-CoA synthetase with [35S]GTP gamma S. A comparison was made of
      thiophosphoryl group release by substrates from this alpha beta (one active site)
      enzyme with that of the alpha 2 beta 2 (two active sites) Escherichia coli enzyme
      (Wolodko, W. T., Brownie, E. R., O'Connor, M. D., and Bridger, W. A. (1983) J.
      Biol. Chem. 258, 14116-14119; Nishimura, J. S., and Mitchell, T. (1984) J. Biol.
      Chem. 259, 9642-9645). It was found, as in the case of the E. coli enzyme, that
      thiophosphoryl group release by GDP and by succinate plus CoA was stimulated by
      succinyl-CoA and GTP, respectively. The same result was observed at 1, 0.1, and
      0.01 mg/ml, lending assurance that these phenomena were not exhibited by an
      aggregated form of the pig heart enzyme. While an alternating-sites catalytic
      cooperativity model is not ruled out for the E. coli enzyme, it is proposed that
      the NTP- and succinyl-CoA-stimulated release of thiophosphoryl groups from either
      enzyme involves a "same-site" mechanism, to be distinguished from an "other-site"
      mechanism.

PMID- 3882688
TI  - Insulin receptor cycling and insulin action in the rat adipocyte.
AB  - The possibility that the insulin receptor of adipocytes undergoes cycling was
      examined by a method involving pronase digestion at 12 degrees C, followed by
      insulin binding studies to determine receptor location and quantity. In the
      absence of insulin treatment, the amount of internal receptors (i.e. protected
      from pronase) was 10% of total receptor content. Following a 30-min insulin
      treatment (0.1 microM) at 37 degrees C, the internal receptor content increased 2
      fold (206 +/- 12% of control, 100%). This effect was rapid, and maximum
      internalization was approached by 5 min of insulin treatment. Warming pronase
      digested cells to 37 degrees C allowed the internal receptors to move to the cell
      surface. This movement was rapid also, and expansion of the internal pool by
      insulin pretreatment provided a 2.4-fold increase in the reinsertion of cell
      surface receptors (238 +/- 28% of nontreated cells, 100%). Insulin-pretreated and
      nontreated cells had approximately 13 and 6%, respectively, of their original
      cell-surface receptor content, i.e. their content before pronase digestion. These
      receptors appeared intact after the cycling process, as judged by affinity
      labeling and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the
      receptor and its binding subunit. The ability of the recycled receptor to respond
      to insulin was examined by studies of glucose incorporation into lipids and the
      inhibition of isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis. Cells pretreated with insulin
      and allowed to recycle (e.g. 13% of normal receptor content) were 2-3-fold more
      responsive and 7-fold more sensitive to subsequent insulin stimulation than
      nontreated cells (e.g. 6% of normal receptor content), indicating that the
      recycled receptors are biologically active and coupled to cellular effector
      systems.

PMID- 3882689
TI  - Two mutations in the dispensable part of alanine tRNA synthetase which affect the
      catalytic activity.
AB  - Two previously described chromosomal mutant alleles, alaS4 and alaS5, of
      Escherichia coli Ala-tRNA synthetase have been analyzed. Each causes a sharp
      diminution in aminoacylation activity and disrupts the alpha 4 tetramer structure
      of identical chains of 875 amino acids; neither mutation significantly disturbs
      the activity for synthesis of alanyladenylate. The location of each mutation
      within the structural gene has been mapped by marker rescue with specific gene
      fragments. Each mutant allele was cloned from the genome by reciprocal
      recombination with a multicopy plasmid that contains segments of alaS which flank
      the respective mutations. Further analysis established: 1) a single G----A
      transition results in a Gly----Asp change for each mutant allele at codon 674
      (alaS4) and at codon 677 (alaS5). 2) The mutations are in the oligomerization
      domain, about 200 amino acids beyond the C-terminal side of the catalytic domain
      that previously was mapped by deletion analysis; the mutations are, thus, in a
      part of the polypeptide which is dispensable for catalytic activity. 3) For both
      mutant enzymes, there is little effect of the mutation on the Km for tRNAAla;
      kcat for aminoacylation is decreased by an order of magnitude. These point
      mutations reveal a subtle integration of the catalytic core with parts of the
      polypeptide that are not essential for catalytic activity.

PMID- 3882690
TI  - Characterization of a specific alpha-mannosidase involved in oligosaccharide
      processing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Fractionation of a crude extract from Saccharomyces cerevisiae X-2180 on
      Sepharose 6B in the presence of 0.5% Triton X-100 resolves two enzyme fractions
      containing alpha-mannosidase activity. Fraction I which is excluded from the gel
      contains alpha-mannosidase activity toward both p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D
      mannopyranoside and Man9GlcNAc oligosaccharide as substrates, whereas Fraction II
      which is included in the gel contains only oligosaccharide alpha-mannosidase
      activity. The latter enzyme is very specific and removes a single mannose residue
      from Man9GlcNAc, whereas the alpha-mannosidase activity of Fraction I removes
      several mannose residues from Man9GlcNAc oligosaccharide. High resolution 1H NMR
      analysis of the Man8GlcNAc formed from Man9GlcNAc in the presence of the alpha
      mannosidase of Fraction II showed only a single isomer with the following
      structure: (see formula; see text) This specific enzyme is most probably involved
      in processing of oligosaccharide during biosynthesis of mannoproteins. The
      mannose analog of 1-deoxynojirimycin (50-500 microM), dideoxy-1,5-imino-D
      mannitol, inhibits the oligosaccharide alpha-mannosidase activities of Fractions
      I and II to about the same extent, but has no effect on the nonspecific alpha
      mannosidase which acts on p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside.

PMID- 3882691
TI  - Primary structure of a glycosylated DNA-binding domain in human plasma
      fibronectin.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of a DNA-binding domain isolated from human
      plasma fibronectin after limited trypsin digestion has been obtained. It contains
      132 amino acids and one biantennary glycosyl unit at residue 104, for an
      estimated Mr of 16,931. The fragment can be purified by a two-step procedure
      consisting of DNA-affinity chromatography and reverse-phase high performance
      liquid chromatography. It can also be purified by heparin-affinity
      chromatography. The domain is unusual in its susceptibility to tryptic-like
      cleavages even by neutral or aromatic residue-specific proteases. It has no
      cysteine residues and is predicted to favor a beta-sheet structure by Chou and
      Fasman analysis. Based on this analysis we have proposed a model which exhibits a
      clustering of aromatic and basic residues, consistent with similar involvement of
      basic and aromatic residues in other DNA-binding proteins. The net charge of the
      domain at neutral pH (+1, without sialic acid) argues against a nonspecific
      charge interaction with polyanionic macromolecules such as DNA and heparin.
      Internal sequence repeats occur at intervals of 30, 60, and 90 residues, thus
      suggesting a maximum size for a repetitive building block which gave rise to this
      domain.

PMID- 3882692
TI  - Primary structure of human lymphotoxin derived from 1788 lymphoblastoid cell
      line.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of human lymphotoxin derived from a 1788 lymphoblastoid
      cell line was determined. Peptide fragments obtained by trypsin, lysine-C
      peptidase, cyanogen bromide, and acetic acid cleavage of the intact protein were
      purified by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and analyzed by
      amino acid composition and by automated Edman degradation. The protein is 171
      amino acids long with a molecular weight of 18,664. It contains one asparagine
      linked glycosylation site and lacks cysteine. The salient features of the amino
      acid sequence of lymphotoxin are described.

PMID- 3882693
TI  - Structure function studies on phytochrome. Identification of light-induced
      conformational changes in 124-kDa Avena phytochrome in vitro.
AB  - Light-mediated conformational changes in highly purified 124-kDa phytochrome
      preparations from etiolated oat seedlings have been identified by steric
      exclusion high performance liquid chromatography and limited proteolytic studies.
      Steric exclusion high performance liquid chromatography studies of oat and rye
      phytochromes show photoreversible changes in retention times, with the red
      absorbing form of phytochrome (Pr form) eluting later than the far red absorbing
      form of phytochrome produced by saturating red light illumination of Pr (Pfr
      form) in a variety of different mobile phase buffers. Molecular mass calibration
      with globular protein standards in Tris-glycol buffers provides estimates of 318
      349 and 363-366 kDa for the molecular sizes of the Pr and Pfr forms,
      respectively. These analyses support earlier studies that phytochrome is a
      nonglobular homodimer of 124-kDa subunits in vitro. Limited proteolytic
      dissection of phytochrome in nondenaturing buffers with seven different
      endoproteases provides evidence for two "operational" domains within the 124-kDa
      subunit with molecular mass values of 69-72 and 52-55 kDa. The larger 69-72-kDa
      domain contains the site for the chromophore attachment as shown by gel
      electrophoresis derived enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay utilizing site-directed
      rabbit antiserum to a synthetic undecapeptide which is homologous with the
      chromophore binding site on oat phytochrome. This chromophore domain exhibits a
      compact structure, resistant to further proteolysis except near its N terminus.
      By contrast, the 52-55-kDa nonchromophore domain contains multiple sites for
      further proteolytic cleavage as revealed by rapid cleavage to smaller polypeptide
      fragments. Detailed kinetic analyses of the limited proteolytic cleavage of
      phytochrome with four endoproteases, subtilisin BPN', thermolysin, trypsin, and
      clostripain, has mapped specific regions within the 124-kDa subunit that
      participate in light-induced conformational changes. These include a 4-10-kDa
      region near the N terminus of the chromophore binding domain and at least two
      regions within the nonchromophore domain. A comprehensive peptide map of the oat
      phytochrome subunit is presented, which incorporates the results of these
      proteolytic studies with the recent, yet unpublished sequence analyses of Avena
      phytochrome cDNA clones which show the N-terminal localization of the chromophore
      binding site (Hershey, H. P., Colbert, J. T., Lissemore, J. L., Barker, R. F.,
      and Quail, P. H. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 2332-2336).

PMID- 3882694
TI  - The 19-kDa glycoprotein coded by region E3 of adenovirus. Purification,
      characterization, and structural analysis.
AB  - The 19-kDa glycoprotein (gp 19K) coded by early region E3 of adenovirus is of
      interest as a model for glycoprotein processing and sorting, as well as for the
      interaction between viral antigens and class I transplantation antigens. In this
      paper, we show that gp 19K is a major protein synthesized during early stages of
      infection of human KB cells. We report the purification of gp 19K to near
      homogeneity, the preparation of a gp 19K antiserum, and structural analyses on
      the protein. We have determined the DNA sequence of the gp 19K gene in adenovirus
      type 5 (Ad5) for comparison with the published sequence (Herisse, J., Courtois,
      G., and Galibert, F. (1980) Nucleic Acids Res. 8, 2173-2192) of adenovirus type 2
      (Ad2). Fragments produced by cyanogen bromide cleavage of Ad2 gp 19K are in
      accord with the DNA sequence, as are synthetic peptide antibodies targeted to the
      NH2 terminus of Ad2 gp 19K and the COOH terminus of Ad5 gp 19K. The Ad2 and Ad5
      proteins are quite homologous. Conserved features include an NH2-terminal signal
      sequence, two potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and a 20-residue putative
      transmembrane hydrophobic domain followed by a 15-residue polar domain at the
      COOH terminus. We show that cleavage of the signal peptide occurs between the
      17th and 18th amino acids on both the Ad2 and Ad5 versions of gp 19K and that
      both potential sites are glycosylated with exclusively high-mannose (as opposed
      to complex) oligosaccharides. Secondary structure predictions suggest six alpha
      helix regions including the signal peptide and transmembrane domain, two or three
      beta-sheet regions, and about eight beta-turns including the two glycosylation
      sites and the regions flanking the transmembrane domain.

PMID- 3882695
TI  - Apolipoprotein E synthesis in peripheral tissues of nonhuman primates.
AB  - The tissue distribution of apolipoprotein (apo) E synthesis in the cynomolgus
      monkey, Macaca fascicularis, was determined via short-term organ culture with
      radiolabeled amino acid. Tissue extracts were reacted with antiserum to apo-E,
      and immunoprecipitates were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Newly synthesized apo-E was detected in liver, adrenal, testis,
      lung, spleen, mesenteric lymph node, and kidney. Peripheral and hepatic apo-E
      showed the same electrophoretic mobility. High resolution two-dimensional gel
      analysis showed that newly synthesized apo-E exists in two major isoforms in each
      tissue examined. Comparison of isoform patterns and mixing experiments showed
      that newly synthesized apo-E isoforms have identical charge properties in each
      tissue examined. These data indicate that numerous peripheral tissues synthesize
      apo-E that is indistinguishable from liver apo-E by the criteria tested.
      Measurements of relative synthetic capacities illustrate that apo-E is a
      moderately abundant protein product of a variety of peripheral tissues although
      quantitative differences in apo-E synthesis occur. Apo-E mRNA from cynomolgus
      monkey liver and human Hep G2 cells co-migrated with an electrophoretic mobility
      corresponding to approximately 1200 nucleotides. Apo-E mRNA from liver, brain,
      thymus, kidney, testis, lymph node, and spleen was the same size. Primer
      extension analysis yielded a cDNA product representing complete copying of the 5'
      untranslated region of human Hep G2 apo-E mRNA. A cDNA of identical size was
      produced with cynomolgus monkey apo-E mRNA from liver, spleen, brain, lymph node,
      kidney, lung, and thymus. These data suggest that transcription of the apo-E gene
      is initiated at or near the same site in each tissue examined.

PMID- 3882697
TI  - Biosynthesis of rat insulin-like growth factor II. I. Immunochemical
      demonstration of a approximately 20-kilodalton biosynthetic precursor of rat
      insulin-like growth factor II in metabolically labeled BRL-3A rat liver cells.
AB  - BRL-3A rat liver cells synthesize mature 7484-dalton rat insulin-like growth
      factor II (rIGF-II) as a approximately 22-kDa precursor, presumably prepro-rIGF
      II. In the present study, we have biosynthetically labeled intact BRL-3A cells
      with [35S]cysteine and immunoprecipitated cell lysates and media with antisera to
      rIGF-II. A approximately 20-kDa protein was identified in immunoprecipitates of
      cell lysates having properties consistent with pro-rIGF-II. The approximately 20
      kDa protein is precipitated by immune sera but not by nonimmune serum. Its
      immunoprecipitation is specifically inhibited by unlabeled rIGF-II but not by
      insulin. It is not precipitated from labeled lysates of a subclone of BRL-3A
      cells (BRL-3A2) that does not synthesize rIGF-II. The approximately 20-kDa
      protein is rapidly labeled intracellularly (10 min) but is not detected in BRL-3A
      media. In pulse-chase experiments, radioactivity in the approximately 20-kDa
      protein disappears during the chase and appears, at later times, in specifically
      immunoprecipitated approximately 19-, approximately 10-, approximately 8-, and
      approximately 7-kDa proteins in media and, to a limited extent, intracellularly.
      A protein with electrophoretic mobility identical to that of the approximately 20
      kDa protein observed in cell lysates is immunoprecipitated from 35S-proteins
      whose synthesis is directed by BRL-3A RNA in a reticulocyte lysate cell-free
      translation system supplemented with microsomal membranes, and presumably arises
      by cotranslational removal of the signal peptide from approximately 22-kDa prepro
      rIGF-II. Processing of the approximately 20-kDa protein in intact BRL-3A cells to
      intermediate and mature rIGF-II species appears to occur at the time of secretion
      and/or shortly thereafter, with the different forms appearing at approximately
      the same time.

PMID- 3882696
TI  - Electrophoretic characterization of purified bovine, porcine, murine, rat, and
      human uterine estrogen receptors.
AB  - The calf uterine estrogen receptor (E2R) in the presence of sodium molybdate has
      been purified, 7,000-fold by a single passage over an estradiol affinity column.
      A dominant 70,000-dalton band and two minor bands at 50,000 and 30,000 daltons
      were observed by electrophoretic analysis. These bands had been eluted using
      estradiol, sodium sulfocyanate, CHAPS, and HEPES (pH 7.4) with insulin as a
      carrier protein. The identities of the protein bands were initially confirmed by
      their failure to bind the affinity column when saturated with estradiol. This
      single step purification procedure was reproducible and rapid, with yields of 10
      20%, providing 25% purity. Diffusion blot analysis, with specific 35S- and 125I
      labeled monoclonal antibodies to E2R, confirmed that the 70,000-dalton band
      represented the estrogen receptor. Specificity was demonstrated by inhibition of
      binding of purified E2R by both estradiol and diethylstilbestrol but not
      testosterone, progesterone, corticosterone, aldosterone, or hydrocortisone. The
      relative binding affinity of the purified receptor was: ethynyl estradiol greater
      than 17 beta estradiol greater than estriol greater than or equal to estrone
      greater than or equal to 17 alpha-estradiol greater than mestranol. Pig, human,
      mouse, and rat uterine estrogen receptors were similarly purified with the
      affinity column. As with the calf uterine preparations, a dominant 70,000-dalton
      band with minor bands at 50,000 and 30,000 daltons was identified by diffusion
      blot analysis in all the species examined.

PMID- 3882698
TI  - Biosynthesis of rat insulin-like growth factor II. II. Localization of mature rat
      insulin-like growth factor II (7484 daltons) to the amino terminus of the
      approximately 20-kilodalton biosynthetic precursor by radiosequence analysis.
AB  - In previous studies, we have identified possible biosynthetic precursors of rat
      insulin-like growth factor II (rIGF-II) using specific immunoprecipitation,
      approximately 22-kDa prepro-rIGF-II and 20-kDa pro-rIGF-II. We now provide
      chemical evidence that amino acid sequences corresponding to mature 7484-dalton
      rIGF-II are present at the NH2 terminus of the putative approximately 20-kDa pro
      rIGF-II. BRL-3A cultures have been labeled individually with several radioactive
      amino acid precursors, the cells have been lysed, and the lysates have been
      immunoprecipitated with antiserum to rIGF-II. Following electrophoresis of the
      immunoprecipitated proteins, labeled approximately 20-kDa pro-rIGF-II was eluted
      from the gels and subjected to automated radiosequence analysis. Discrete peaks
      of radioactivity were observed in 12 of the first 30 cycles of Edman degradation.
      The deduced partial amino acid sequence was identical at each position with that
      of mature 7484-dalton rIGF-II. These results directly demonstrate that mature
      rIGF-II sequences are present in the approximately 20-kDa protein, as required if
      the approximately 20-kDa protein were pro-rIGF-II. In addition, they localize the
      7484-dalton rIGF-II to the NH2 terminus of the precursor molecule. A second NH2
      terminal sequence differing only in the absence of the NH2-terminal residue,
      alanine, also was present in an approximately equal amount. Similar NH2-terminal
      heterogeneity has been reported for 7484-dalton rIGF-II and most likely reflects
      ambiguity in the cleavage sites for the signal peptidase.

PMID- 3882700
TI  - Subunit M2 of mammalian ribonucleotide reductase. Characterization of a
      homogeneous protein isolated from M2-overproducing mouse cells.
AB  - The M2 subunit of mammalian ribonucleotide reductase was purified to homogeneity
      from hydroxyurea-resistant, M2-overproducing mouse cells. The purification
      procedure involved affinity chromatography on an anti-tubulin antibody-Sepharose
      column and high performance gel permeation chromatography. The pure protein is a
      dimer of Mr = 88,000, containing stoichiometric amounts of a non-heme iron center
      and a tyrosyl free radical. The radical is destroyed by hydroxyurea but can
      readily be regenerated on incubation of the radical-free protein alone with iron
      dithiothreitol in the presence of air. The ability to spontaneously regenerate
      the tyrosyl radical distinguishes protein M2 from the corresponding subunit of
      Escherichia coli ribonucleotide reductase, protein B2, but apart from that the
      two proteins are very similar.

PMID- 3882699
TI  - Evidence for the involvement of vicinal sulfhydryl groups in insulin-activated
      hexose transport by 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
AB  - Following the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes insulin acutely activates
      the rate of 2-deoxy-[1-14C]glucose uptake in the mature 3T3-L1 adipocyte by 15-
      to 20-fold. Phenylarsine oxide, a trivalent arsenical that forms stable ring
      complexes with vicinal dithiols, prevents insulin-activated hexose uptake in a
      concentration-dependent manner (Ki = 7 microM) but has no inhibitory effect on
      basal hexose uptake. 2,3-Dimercaptopropanol at a level nearly stoichiometric to
      that of phenylarsine oxide prevents or rapidly reverses the inhibition of hexose
      uptake; 2-mercaptoethanol, even in high stoichiometric excess over the arsenical,
      does not reverse inhibition of hexose uptake. When phenylarsine oxide is added
      after adipocytes have been fully activated by insulin, 2-deoxy-[1-14C]glucose
      uptake rate decays slowly at a rate corresponding to that caused by the
      withdrawal of insulin (t1/2 = 10 min). Using the same conditions under which
      phenylarsine oxide blocked activation, the Km for deoxyglucose uptake, the rate
      at which 125I-insulin became cell-associated, and the 125I-insulin binding
      isotherm for solubilized insulin receptor were not affected by phenylarsine
      oxide. These results support the transporter translocation model for insulin
      activated hexose transport and implicate vicinal sulfhydryl groups in a post
      insulin binding event essential for the translocation of glucose transporters to
      the plasma membrane.

PMID- 3882701
TI  - Channeling of a beta-oxidation intermediate on the large subunit of the fatty
      acid oxidation complex from Escherichia coli.
AB  - The kinetic properties of the fatty acid oxidation complex from Escherichia coli
      were studied with the aim of elucidating the functional consequence of having
      enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase associated with a
      multifunctional polypeptide. The kinetic parameters of individual enzymes were
      determined and used in model calculations based on a published theory (Storer, A.
      C., and Cornish-Bowden, A. (1974) Biochem. J. 141, 205-209) to predict the
      kinetic behavior of a system of functionally unlinked enzymes. The validity of
      the theory for making these calculations was proven by demonstrating a good
      agreement between the calculated and observed rates of intermediate and product
      formation for the conversion of 2-decenoyl-CoA to 3-ketodecanoyl-CoA catalyzed by
      a mixture of bovine liver enoyl-CoA hydratase and pig heart L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA
      dehydrogenase. The conversion of 2-decenoyl-CoA to 3-ketodecanoyl-CoA catalyzed
      by the sequential action of the hydratase and dehydrogenase of the complex from
      E. coli was determined by measuring the rate of NADH formation. Stopped-flow
      measurements showed the rate of NADH formation to be linear without any lag
      period. When the initial velocity of the hydratase was 10.2 microM min-1, that of
      the overall reaction was 8.41 microM min-1. In contrast, the results calculated
      by use of the Storer and Cornish-Bowden equation for a system of unlinked enzymes
      predicted the overall reaction to exhibit a lag time of 30 s and to result in the
      accumulation of 2.1 microM 3-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA before reaching a velocity
      corresponding to 82.5% of that of the hydratase reaction. The high initial rate
      and the unusual kinetic properties of the overall reaction observed in the
      present study are best explained by a channeling mechanism on the large subunit
      of the E. coli fatty acid oxidation complex. When the apparent degree of
      channeling is corrected for the percentage of the dehydrogenase active sites
      saturated with NAD+, more than 90% of the intermediate appears to be transferred
      directly from the active site of enoyl-CoA hydratase to that of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA
      dehydrogenase.

PMID- 3882702
TI  - Alkaline phosphatase. 31P NMR probes of the mechanism.
AB  - 31P NMR signals from substrates and products of alkaline phosphatase have been
      adapted to measure the rates and product ratios for the hydrolysis and
      phosphotransferase reactions from pH 6 to 10. Below pH 8, glycerol is a poorer
      acceptor than H2O (glycerol phosphates:Pi = 0.5). Tris is a more effective
      acceptor below pH 8, showing a maximum acceptor efficiency at pH 8 (Tris
      phosphate:Pi = 2). Phosphotransferase efficiencies are in the order expected for
      the pKaS of the alcohol groups, Tris less than glycerol Cl, C3 less than glycerol
      C2. Tris and glycerol induce chemical shifts in 113Cd(II) present at the A site
      but not the B or C sites of the metal triad present at each active center of
      Cd(II)6 alkaline phosphatase, suggesting that the alcoxides of the acceptors
      coordinate the A site metal and become the nucleophiles attacking the
      phosphoseryl residue (E-P) in the second step of the mechanism. The interaction
      is through the oxygen of Tris. The transferase activity of the amino alcohol
      shows a bell-shaped pH dependency. Aliphatic alcohol acceptors show small
      increases in acceptor activity between pH 6 and 8, with 5-fold increases from pH
      8 to 10 (at pH 10, glycerol phosphates:Pi = 2.5). 31P NMR inversion transfer has
      been used to measure the koff for Pi dissociation from the noncovalent enzyme
      complex (E . P). For the Zn(II)4 alkaline phosphatase koff is essentially pH
      independent at approximately 35 s-1. For Cd(II) or Mg(II) at the B site in place
      of Zn(II), koff less than or equal to 1 s-1 X Cl-ion, which appears to coordinate
      the A site metal ion, enhances koff, suggesting that both Cl- and HPO2-4 can
      coordinate the A site metal ion in a 5-coordinate intermediate. pH control of the
      alkaline phosphatase mechanism appears to reside in the stability of E-P and not
      the dissociation of E . P, compatible with the hypothesis that the activity
      linked pKa is that of a H2O molecule coordinated to the A site metal, which in
      the hydroxide form becomes the nucleophile attacking the phosphoseryl group (E
      P).

PMID- 3882703
TI  - Increased affinity predominates in insulin stimulation of glucose transport in
      the adipocyte.
AB  - The kinetics for transport of glucose and 3-O-methylglucose (MeGlc) were
      determined in preparations of rat adipocytes characterized by low basal rates
      which could be increased consistently more than 30-fold by addition of insulin
      (10 nM). In basal cells, the Km of [14C]glucose uptake was about 75 mM. The Ki
      for glucose inhibition of [14C]MeGlc uptake was similarly high (105 mM). These
      results were further confirmed by studies of basal glucose consumption which
      remained linear up to the highest glucose concentration used (30 mM) and by
      measurements of MeGlc transport kinetics (net and equilibrium exchange Km were
      both about 35 mM). Basal glucose uptake was determined to be stereospecific and
      cytochalasin sensitive (greater than 90%) and thus could not be dismissed as
      nonmediated diffusion. Insulin treatment decreased the transport Km for glucose
      and MeGlc to one-tenth the values measured in basal cells. The Vmax for glucose
      was doubled and that for MeGlc quadrupled. We conclude that insulin brings about
      a great reduction in the Km of hexose transport in adipocytes. This can only be
      perceived if activation of basal cells by experimental manipulations is avoided.
      The decrease in Km is the major kinetic factor involved in the stimulation of
      glucose transport by insulin.

PMID- 3882704
TI  - Isolation and characterization of acetylcholine receptor membrane-associated
      (nonreceptor v2-protein) and soluble electrocyte creatine kinases.
AB  - Creatine kinase has been identified as a most prominent component of Torpedo
      electric organ and a minority constituent of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR)
      membranes obtained therefrom. Purification by low temperature ethanol extraction,
      precipitation of the Mg2+-enzyme complex, and mercurial-agarose chromatography
      yield preparations of soluble kinase with specific activities greater than 550
      units/mg protein. Retention times in ion-exchange high performance liquid
      chromatography, electrophoretic behavior, immunochemical properties, tryptic
      mapping, and amino acid composition enable the comparison of creatine kinase
      isoenzymes. The denatured subunits of the predominant species have pI values of
      6.3-6.8 and Mr = 40,000-42,000 characteristic of the so-called v2 proteins and
      show cross-reactivity with antibodies against the BB ("brain" type) creatine
      kinase. The MM ("muscle" type) antigens could be detected in the total
      electrocyte, but not in the AChR membranes; they have a slightly lower molecular
      weight and higher pI. The in situ membrane association of the BB isoenzyme is
      confirmed by immunocytochemistry. The apparent Km values for the substrate
      creatine phosphate are 2.2 mM for the AChR membrane-associated enzyme and 2.5 mM
      for the muscle form. The apparent Km values for Mg2+-ADP are 0.54 and 0.22 mM,
      respectively. Thus, a 2-fold higher affinity in the binding of ADP to the binary
      enzyme-creatine-P complex results from membrane association.

PMID- 3882705
TI  - Elongation factor 1 alpha from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Rapid large-scale
      purification and molecular characterization.
AB  - Cytoplasmic elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1 alpha) was purified to homogeneity
      from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a large-scale procedure. The three
      steps of purification used were batch adsorption on phosphocellulose,
      phosphocellulose chromatography and, as the last step, GDP-Sepharose or Biorex
      column chromatography. The protein is very basic (pI = 9.2) and has an apparent
      molecular mass of 49 kDa, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      using denaturing conditions. It is one of the most abundant proteins in yeast
      (about 5% of total soluble protein), as shown by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis and by immunological titration. A strong immunological and
      structural homology was found between yeast EF-1 alpha and elongation factors
      from other sources. Common immunological features were found between yeast and
      wheat germ EF-1 alpha. Tryptic hydrolysis of yeast EF-1 alpha in the presence of
      25% glycerol generated a large trypsin-resistant polypeptide (Mr = 43,000) which
      had the same NH2-terminal sequence as the proteolyzed product from rabbit
      reticulocyte, Artemia salina EF-1 alpha and Escherichia coli EF-Tu. Completed DNA
      sequence determination of one structural gene for yeast EF-1 alpha confirmed a
      remarkable conservation of several protein sequence domains in yeast and animal
      EF-1 alpha (Cottrelle, P., Thiele, D., Price, V., Memet, S., Micouin, J.Y.,
      Marck, C., Buhler, J.M. Sentenac, A., and Fromageot, P. (1985) J. Biol. Chem.
      260, 3090-3096).

PMID- 3882706
TI  - Transfer RNA splicing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Secondary and tertiary
      structures of the substrates.
AB  - Secondary and tertiary structures of four yeast tRNA precursors that contain
      introns have been elucidated using limited digestion with a variety of single
      strand- and double-strand-specific nucleases. The pre-tRNAs, representing the
      variety of intron sizes and potential structures, were: pre-tRNALeuCAA, pre
      tRNALeuUAG, pre-tRNAIleUAU, and pre-tRNAPro-4UGG. Conventional tRNA cloverleaf
      structure is maintained in these precursors except that the anticodon loop is
      interrupted by the intron. The intron contains a sequence which is complementary
      to a portion of the anticodon loop and allows the formation of a double helix
      often extending the anticodon stem. The 5' and 3' splicing cleavage sites are
      located at either end of this helix and are single-stranded. The intron is the
      most sensitive region to nuclease cleavage, suggesting that it is on the surface
      of the molecule and available for interaction with the splicing endonuclease.
      Absence of Mg2+ or spermidine renders the dihydrouridine and T psi C loops of
      these precursors highly sensitive to nuclease digestion. These ionic effects
      mimic those observed for tRNAPhe and suggest that the tRNA portion of these
      precursors has native tRNA structure. We propose consensus secondary and tertiary
      structures which may be of significance to eventual understanding of the
      mechanism of yeast tRNA splicing.

PMID- 3882707
TI  - Characterization of DNA polymerase I*, a form of DNA polymerase I found in
      Escherichia coli expressing SOS functions.
AB  - DNA polymerase I* is a form of the DNA polymerase I isolated from Escherichia
      coli which are expressing recA/lexA (SOS) functions. Induction of recA or polA1
      cells by nalidixic acid does not result in the appearance of pol I*, but lexA or
      recA mutants that are constitutive for SOS functions constitutively express pol
      I* and mutants which lack functional recA protein produce pol I* when they carry
      a lexA mutation which renders the lexA repressor inoperative. Pol I* has been
      induced by nalidixic acid in dinA, dinD, dinF, and umuC mutants. Polymerase I*
      has a lower affinity for single-stranded DNA-agarose than polymerase I and it
      sediments through sucrose gradients in a dispersed manner between 6.6-10.5 S,
      whereas polymerase I sediments at 5 S. Whereas pol I* migrates significantly
      faster than pol I in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels, the active polypeptide of
      both forms migrates at the same rate in denaturing polyacrylamide gels. Compared
      with polymerase I, polymerase I* has an enhanced capacity to incorporate the
      adenine analog, 2-amino-purine, into activated salmon sperm DNA and a relatively
      low fidelity in replicating synthetic polydeoxyribonucleotides. Both the 3'----5'
      (proofreading) and 5'----3' (nick-translational) exonuclease activities of pol I*
      and pol I are indistinguishable. Estimates of processivity give a value of
      approximately 6 for both forms of the enzyme.

PMID- 3882708
TI  - Platelet tropomyosin binding protein is identical with serum albumin.
AB  - We have shown that the platelet tropomyosin binding protein described in the
      accompanying paper (Gerhard, M. D., DiGirolamo, P. M., and Hitchcock-DeGregori,
      S. E. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 3221-3227) is identical with human serum
      albumin. The immunological determinants are completely shared; the tryptic
      peptide maps are the same; the proteins comigrate on two-dimensional gels; and
      the amino acid sequences of the first 33 amino acids are the same. Although human
      serum albumin in plasma or commercially prepared protein will not bind
      tropomyosin-Affi-Gel 15, it will bind following purification from plasma by
      chromatography on hydroxylapatite.

PMID- 3882709
TI  - A mutation in yeast mitochondrial DNA results in a precise excision of the
      terminal intron of the cytochrome b gene.
AB  - The yeast nuclear gene CBP2 was previously proposed to code for a protein
      necessary for processing of the terminal intron in the cytochrome b pre-mRNA
      (McGraw, P., and Tzagoloff, A. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 9459-9468). In the
      present study we describe a mitochondrial mutation capable of suppressing the
      respiratory deficiency of cbp2 mutants. The mitochondrial suppressor mutation has
      been shown to be the result of a precise excision of the last intervening
      sequence from the cytochrome b gene. Strains with the altered mitochondrial DNA
      have normal levels of mature cytochrome b mRNA and of cytochrome b and exhibit
      wild type growth on glycerol. These results confirm that CBP2 codes for a protein
      specifically required for splicing of the cytochrome b intron and further suggest
      that absence of the intervening sequence does not noticeably affect the
      expression of respiratory function in mitochondria.

PMID- 3882710
TI  - Characterization in vitro of the effect of spacer length on the activity of
      Escherichia coli RNA polymerase at the TAC promoter.
AB  - We describe the characterization in vitro of three hybrid trp-lacUV5 (TAC)
      promoters, which have perfect homology to the -10 and -35 Escherichia coli
      promoter consensus hexamer sequences, but which differ in the distance between
      the -10 and -35 regions. The three promoters, TAC16, TAC17, and TAC18 have
      spacings of 16, 17, and 18 base pairs, respectively. We have measured KB and k2,
      the constants that describe the formation of open complexes, on these three
      promoters. We have also measured their relative strengths on supercoiled plasmid
      DNA. Our results show that these are the strongest promoters that have been
      characterized in vitro so far and confirm the hypothesis that the consensus
      promoter sequence is "best." We find the TAC17 promoter (KBk2 = 8.4 X 10(7) M-1 s
      1) to be stronger than either the TAC16 (KBk2 approximately 1.5 X 10(7) M-1 s-1)
      or TAC18 (KBk2 approximately 3.5 X 10(7) M-1 s-1) promoters, a result that is in
      agreement with other findings on the effect of spacer length. The choice of start
      point for transcription is affected by spacer length. Transcription from all the
      promoters was stimulated at moderate concentrations of salt (less than 150 mM)
      and persisted at high salt concentrations (300 mM).

PMID- 3882711
TI  - Two binding modes in Escherichia coli single strand binding protein-single
      stranded DNA complexes. Modulation by NaCl concentration.
AB  - The binding properties of the Escherichia coli encoded single strand binding
      protein (SSB) to a variety of synthetic homopolynucleotides, as well as to single
      stranded M13 DNA, have been examined as a function of the NaCl concentration
      (25.0 degrees C, pH 8.1). Quenching of the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of
      the SSB protein by the nucleic acid is used to monitor binding. We find that the
      site size (n) for binding of SSB to all single stranded nucleic acids is quite
      dependent on the NaCl concentration. For SSB-poly(dT), n = 33 +/- 3
      nucleotides/tetramer below 10 mM NaCl and 65 +/- 5 nucleotides/tetramer above
      0.20 M NaCl (up to 5 M). Between 10 mM and 0.2 M NaCl, the apparent site size
      increases continuously with [NaCl]. The extent of quenching of the bound SSB
      fluorescence by poly(dT) also displays two-state behavior, 51 +/- 3% quenching
      below 10 mM NaCl and 83 +/- 3% quenching at high [NaCl] (greater than 01.-0.2 M
      NaCl), which correlates with the observed changes in the occluded site size. On
      the basis of these observations as well as the data of Krauss et al. (Krauss, G.,
      Sindermann, H., Schomburg, U., and Maass, G. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 5346-5352)
      and Chrysogelos and Griffith (Chrysogelos, S., and Griffith, J. (1982) Proc.
      Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 79,5803-5807) we propose a model in which E. coli SSB
      binds to single stranded nucleic acids in two binding modes, a low salt mode (n =
      33 +/- 3), referred to as (SSB)33, in which the nucleic acid interacts with only
      two protomers of the tetramer, and one at higher [NaCl], n = 65 +/- 5, (SSB)65,
      in which the nucleic acid interacts with all 4 protomers of the tetramer. At
      intermediate NaCl concentrations a mixture of these two binding modes exists
      which explains the variable site sizes and other apparent discrepancies
      previously reported for SSB binding. The transition between the two binding modes
      is reversible, although the kinetics are slow, and it is modulated by NaCl
      concentrations within the physiological range. We suggest that SSB may utilize
      both binding modes in its range of functions (replication, recombination, repair)
      and that in vivo changes in the ionic media may play a role in regulating some of
      these processes.

PMID- 3882712
TI  - Precursors to two nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins bind to the outer envelope
      membrane before being imported into chloroplasts.
AB  - Precursor forms of chloroplast proteins synthesized in cell-free translation
      systems can be imported posttranslationally into isolated, intact chloroplasts.
      Radiochemically pure precursors to the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
      carboxylase and to the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein have been
      prepared by in vitro translation of hybrid-selected mRNA and used to study this
      import process. If chloroplasts are pretreated with the uncoupler nigericin,
      import does not occur, but the precursors bind to the chloroplast surface.
      Reincubation of the precursor-chloroplast complex in the presence of ATP results
      in import of bound precursors. The binding appears to be mediated by proteins of
      the outer chloroplast envelope membrane because pretreatment of chloroplasts with
      protease inhibits their ability to bind as well as to import precursors. These
      results indicate that at least a portion of the observed binding is to functional
      receptor proteins involved in the import process.

PMID- 3882713
TI  - Purification and characterization of an elastinolytic proteinase secreted by
      cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - An elastinolytic proteinase secreted by tissue-invasive larvae of Schistosoma
      mansoni has been purified to homogeneity. Size-exclusion chromatography and
      chromatofocusing were used to purify the enzyme 18-fold from crude larval
      secretions. The native enzyme has a molecular weight of 30,000, a pI of 8, a pH
      optimum of 9, and a calcium dependence of 2 mM. A second Mr 17,000 form of the
      enzyme was present in crude secretions and appears to be an autoproteolysis
      product. The enzyme is a serine proteinase that preferentially binds tetrapeptide
      inhibitors or substrates with an aromatic or hydrophobic residue at the P-1 site.
      In addition to being active against elastin, the enzyme degrades Azocoll,
      gelatin, laminin, fibronectin, keratin, and type IV collagen.

PMID- 3882714
TI  - Purification and characterization of phospholamban from canine cardiac
      sarcoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - Phospholamban, a putative regulator of the Ca2+-dependent ATPase of cardiac
      sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), was purified from canine cardiac SR membranes.
      Cardiac SR was extracted with deoxycholate and fractionated with ammonium sulfate
      followed by gel permeation high performance liquid chromatography in the presence
      of the nonionic detergent, octa-ethylene glycol mono-n-dodecyl ether (C12E8), and
      KI. Further purification was achieved with CM-Sepharose CL 6B column
      chromatography in the presence of C12E8. The purified phospholamban showed a
      single band of 22,000 daltons on neutral sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Weber, K., and Osborn, M. (1969) J. Biol.
      Chem. 244, 4406-4412) and 27,000 daltons on alkaline SDS gels (Laemmli, U. K.
      (1970) Nature (Lond.) 227, 680-685). Boiling of phospholamban in 2% SDS produced
      total conversion into the lower molecular weight component on SDS gels (11,000 on
      Laemmli gel and 10,500 on Weber and Osborn gel). The apparent molecular weight of
      phospholamban on SDS gels was slightly increased by cAMP-dependent
      phosphorylation. The extent of phosphorylation catalyzed by cAMP-dependent
      protein kinase in the purified phospholamban preparations was about 42 nmol of
      phosphate/mg of protein when the protein concentration was determined by the
      method of Lowry et al. (Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L., and
      Randall, R. J. (1951) J. Biol. Chem. 193, 265-275), or 138 nmol/mg of protein
      based on the protein concentration estimated by the dye absorption method. Rabbit
      antisera were prepared against purified phospholamban. The obtained antisera were
      found to bind to purified phospholamban as well as that in cardiac SR. No
      reaction was detected in fast skeletal muscle SR by immunofluorescent staining of
      Western blots. The present preparation of purified phospholamban and the antisera
      should facilitate further understanding of the regulatory action of phospholamban
      on the calcium pump ATPase.

PMID- 3882715
TI  - Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic data of the tryptophan
      synthase alpha 2 beta 2 complex from Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - The tryptophan synthase alpha 2 beta 2 complex from Salmonella typhimurium can be
      crystallized by the method of vapor diffusion from solutions of polyethylene
      glycol 8000 and various salts. Thin needles are obtained in the presence of a
      monovalent cation (Na+), thicker crystals are obtained in the presence of
      divalent cations (Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Ca2+, Zn2+), and square-faced crystals are
      obtained in the presence of spermine. Although the spermine and Mg2+ crystals
      differ in morphology, they are both monoclinic and in space group C2 with a =
      184.5 A, b = 62.4 A, c = 67.7 A, beta = 94 degrees 40', and one alpha beta pair
      of Mr = 71,700/asymmetric unit. The crystals appear reasonably resistant to
      radiation damage and should be suitable for a complete structure investigation.
      The separated S. typhimurium alpha, holo-beta 2, and apo-beta 2 subunits do not
      crystallize under these conditions nor do the alpha 2 beta 2 complex or the alpha
      or holo-beta 2 subunits from Escherichia coli or from an interspecies hybrid.

PMID- 3882716
TI  - Failure of posterior cervical fusions using cadaveric bone graft in children.
AB  - Seven children underwent posterior cervical fusion with cadaveric bone graft and
      wiring for instability secondary to trauma or a congenital anomaly. None of the
      operations resulted in solid bone union. One patient was found to have a fibrous
      union which was stable on flexion-extension roentgenograms. In five patients who
      had a symptomatic pseudarthrosis, a second operative procedure was performed
      using autogenous iliac-bone graft. Bone union was subsequently observed in the
      four who were available for follow-up.

PMID- 3882717
TI  - Vertebral body resection for epidural compression by malignant tumors. Results of
      forty-seven consecutive operative procedures.
AB  - We are presenting our experience with vertebral body resection in forty-seven
      operative procedures in forty patients with a malignant epidural tumor. The
      indication for surgery was neural relapse after previous radiotherapy in eighteen
      procedures, the need for a tissue diagnosis in sixteen, a radioresistant tumor in
      seven, neural deterioration while receiving radiotherapy in five, and a
      pathological fracture-dislocation in one. In thirty-three procedures (70 per
      cent) the level of compression was in the thoracic spine. Replacement of the
      resected vertebral bodies was achieved by anterior instrumentation and the use of
      methylmethacrylate in twenty-one procedures (45 per cent), while bone-grafting,
      cement, and instrumentation in various combinations were used in the remainder.
      Before surgery all of the patients had some neural deficit. The patient was still
      able to walk prior to twelve (26 per cent) of the procedures, was paraparetic
      prior to twenty-three (49 per cent), and was paraplegic prior to twelve (26 per
      cent). Bowel and bladder dysfunction was present before twenty-five (53 per
      cent). The outcome of only forty-four procedures could be evaluated because three
      patients died postoperatively. The patient was able to walk following thirty-five
      (80 per cent) of the procedures, was paraparetic after eight (18 per cent), and
      was still paraplegic after one. The patient regained normal sphincter control
      after forty-one (93 per cent) of the procedures. Three (6 per cent) of the
      procedures were followed by the death of the patient, and complications occurred
      after five (11 per cent) of the procedures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3882718
TI  - Reconstruction of the thumb with a free wrap-around flap from the big toe and an
      iliac-bone graft.
AB  - Ten patients with an amputated thumb had reconstruction by a free wrap-around
      flap taken from the big toe, including the nail, and an iliac-bone graft as the
      core of the reconstruction. The long-term results showed that a better replica of
      the thumb was achieved. The results were quite satisfactory both cosmetically and
      functionally, but there were some new problems: resorption of the bone graft,
      bulging of the pulp, skin atrophy at the base of the thumb, and deformity of the
      nail in a few patients. Modifications of the flap design and of the shape of the
      bone graft eliminated these problems nearly entirely.

PMID- 3882719
TI  - Paraplegia following chymopapain injection. A case report.

PMID- 3882720
TI  - Cooperative evaluation of human tumor chemosensitivity in the soft-agar assay and
      its clinical correlations.
AB  - In supporting the human-tumor cloning effort of the Southwest Oncology Group, we
      conducted an independent retrospective study to evaluate the clinical
      correlations of the soft-agar colony-forming assay developed by Hamburger and
      Salmon (1977). This study was made with the cooperation of 76 clinicians and 11
      hospitals in Greater New Orleans. In a 10-month trial (July 1982 to May 1983), we
      received 134 human tumors of 26 classifications and achieved 76% success in
      colony growth from 122 plated samples. Retrospective correlations between the in
      vitro chemosensitivity of tumor colonies and clinical drug responses were made
      possible in 31% of the patients. Evaluation of 45 in vitro and in vivo
      associations indicated a combined sensitivity of 0.65 and a specificity of 0.68
      for the assay. Technical refinements and the selectivity of the assay are
      discussed.

PMID- 3882721
TI  - Fluorescent gangliosides as probes for the retention and organization of
      fibronectin by ganglioside-deficient mouse cells.
AB  - Ganglioside-deficient transformed mouse fibroblasts (NCTC 2071A cells), which
      grow in serum-free medium, synthesize fibronectin but do not retain it on the
      cell surface. When fluorescent derivatives of gangliosides, containing either
      rhodamine or Lucifer yellow CH attached to the sialic acid residues, were added
      to the culture medium, the cells incorporated the derivatives and their surfaces
      became highly fluorescent. When the cells were stained with anti-fibronectin
      antibodies and a fluorescent second antibody, fibrillar strands of fibronectin
      were observed to be attached to the cell surface, with partial coincidence of the
      patterns of direct ganglioside fluorescence and indirect fibronectin
      immunofluorescence at the cell surface. When the cells were exposed to bacterial
      neuraminidase during the time of ganglioside insertion, similar patterns of
      fluorescence were observed. Because the fluorescent gangliosides are resistant to
      the enzyme, these results suggest that neuraminidase-sensitive endogenous
      glycoconjugates were not involved in the ganglioside-mediated retention and
      organization of endogenous fibronectin. After cells were exposed to exogenous
      chicken fibronectin, most of the fibronectin was attached to the substratum and
      only a few fibrils were attached to the cells. When exogenous gangliosides were
      included in the incubation, there was a striking increase in cell-associated
      exogenous fibronectin, which was highly organized into a fibrillar network.
      Conversely, cells incubated for 18 h with exogenous unmodified gangliosides
      exhibited a highly organized network of endogenously derived fibronectin. Upon
      further incubation of the cells for 2 h with fluorescent gangliosides, there was
      considerable co-distribution of the fluorescent gangliosides with the fibronectin
      network as revealed by immunofluorescence. Our results support the concept that
      gangliosides can mediate the attachment of fibronectin to the cell surface and
      its organization into a fibrillar network.

PMID- 3882723
TI  - Arrangement and possible function of actin filament bundles in ectoplasmic
      specializations of ground squirrel Sertoli cells.
AB  - We have investigated the arrangement and function of actin filament bundles in
      Sertoli cell ectoplasmic specializations found adjacent to junctional networks
      and in areas of adhesion to spermatogenic cells. Tissue was collected, from
      ground squirrel (Spermophilus spp.) testes, in three ways: seminiferous tubules
      were fragmented mechanically; segments of intact epithelium and denuded tubule
      walls were isolated by using EDTA in a phosphate-buffered salt solution; and
      isolated epithelia and denuded tubule walls were extracted in glycerol. To
      determine the arrangement of actin bundles, the tissue was fixed, mounted on
      slides, treated with cold acetone (-20 degrees C), and then exposed to
      nitrobenzoxadiazole-phallacidin. Myosin was localized using immunofluorescence.
      To investigate the hypothesis that ectoplasmic specializations are contractile,
      glycerinated models were exposed to exogenous ATP and Ca++; then contraction was
      assessed qualitatively by using nitrobenzoxadiazole-phallacidin as a marker.
      Actin bundles in ectoplasmic specializations adjacent to junctional networks
      circumscribe the bases of Sertoli cells. When intact epithelia are viewed from an
      angle perpendicular to the epithelial base, honeycomb staining patterns are
      observed. Filament bundles in Sertoli cell regions adjacent to spermatogenic
      cells dramatically change organization during spermatogenesis. Initially, the
      bundles circle the region of contact between the developing acrosome and nucleus.
      They then expand to cover the entire head. As the spermatid flattens, filaments
      on one side of the now saucer-shaped head orient themselves parallel to the germ
      cell axis while those on the other align perpendicularly to it. Before sperm
      release, all filaments course parallel to the rim of the head. Contrary to the
      results we obtained with myoid cells, we could not convincingly demonstrate
      myosin in ectoplasmic specializations or induce contraction of glycerinated
      models. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that actin in ectoplasmic
      specializations of Sertoli cells may be more skeletal than contractile.

PMID- 3882722
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of an actin-bundling protein, band 4.9,
      from human erythrocytes.
AB  - Band 4.9 (a 48,000-mol-wt polypeptide) has been partially purified from human
      erythrocyte membranes. In solution, band 4.9 polypeptides exist as trimers with
      an apparent molecular weight of 145,000 and a Stokes radius of 50 A. Electron
      microscopy shows that the protein is a three-lobed structure with a radius
      slightly greater than 50 A. When gel-filtered rabbit muscle actin is polymerized
      in the presence of band 4.9, actin bundles are generated that are similar in
      appearance to those induced by "vinculin" or fimbrin. The bundles appear brittle
      and when they are centrifuged small pieces of filaments break off and remain in
      the supernatant. At low band 4.9 to actin molar ratios (1:30), band 4.9 lowers
      the apparent steady-state low-shear falling ball viscosity by sequestering
      filaments into thin bundles; at higher ratios, the bundles become thicker and
      obstruct the ball's movement leading to an apparent increase in steady-state
      viscosity. Band 4.9 increases the length of the lag phase and decreases the rate
      of elongation during actin polymerization as measured by high-shear Ostwald
      viscometry or by the increase in the fluorescence of pyrene-labeled actin. Band
      4.9 does not alter the critical actin monomer concentration. We hypothesize that
      band 4.9, together with actin, erythrocyte tropomyosin, and spectrin, forms
      structures in erythroid precursor cells analogous to those formed by fimbrin,
      actin, tropomyosin, and TW 260/240 in epithelial brush borders. During erythroid
      development and enucleation, the actin filaments may depolymerize up to the
      membrane, leaving a membrane skeleton with short stubs of actin bundled by band
      4.9 and cross-linked by spectrin.

PMID- 3882724
TI  - Localization of ribosomal protein S1 in the granular component of the interphase
      nucleolus and its distribution during mitosis.
AB  - Using antibodies to various nucleolar and ribosomal proteins, we define, by
      immunolocalization in situ, the distribution of nucleolar proteins in the
      different morphological nucleolar subcompartments. In the present study we
      describe the nucleolar localization of a specific ribosomal protein (S1) by
      immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy using a monoclonal antibody (RS1
      105). In immunoblotting experiments, this antibody reacts specifically with the
      largest and most acidic protein of the small ribosomal subunit (S1) and shows
      wide interspecies cross-reactivity from amphibia to man. Beside its localization
      in cytoplasmic ribosomes, this protein is found to be specifically localized in
      the granular component of the nucleolus and in distinct granular aggregates
      scattered over the nucleoplasm. This indicates that ribosomal protein S1, in
      contrast to reports on other ribosomal proteins, is not bound to nascent pre-rRNA
      transcripts but attaches to preribosomes at later stages of rRNA processing and
      maturation. This protein is not detected in the residual nucleolar structures of
      cells inactive in rRNA synthesis such as amphibian and avian erythrocytes. During
      mitosis, the nucleolar material containing ribosomal protein S1 undergoes a
      remarkable transition and shows a distribution distinct from that of several
      other nucleolar proteins. In prophase, the nucleolus disintegrates and protein S1
      appears in numerous small granules scattered throughout the prophase nucleus.
      During metaphase and anaphase, a considerable amount of this protein is found in
      association with the surfaces of all chromosomes and finely dispersed in the cell
      plasm. In telophase, protein S1-containing material reaccumulates in granular
      particles in the nucleoplasm of the newly formed nuclei and, finally, in the re
      forming nucleoli. These observations indicate that the nucleolus-derived
      particles containing ribosomal protein S1 are different from cytoplasmic
      ribosomes and, in the living cell, are selectively recollected after mitosis into
      the newly formed nuclei and translocated into a specific nucleolar
      subcompartment, i.e., the granular component. The nucleolar location of ribosomal
      protein S1 and its rearrangement during mitosis is discussed in relation to the
      distribution of other nucleolar proteins.

PMID- 3882725
TI  - Synthesis of extracellular matrix glycoproteins by cultured microvascular
      endothelial cells isolated from the dermis of neonatal and adult skin.
AB  - We examined the synthesis of extracellular matrix macromolecules by human
      microvascular endothelial cells isolated from the dermis of neonatal (foreskin)
      and adult (abdominal) skin. Electron microscopy showed that both cell types
      produced an extracellular matrix that was strictly localized to the
      subendothelial space. The subendothelial matrices were initially deposited as a
      single discontinuous layer of filamentous, electron-dense material that
      progressively became multilayered. Biosynthetic studies indicated that 2-4% of
      the newly synthesized protein was deposited in the subendothelial matrices by
      both cell types. Approximately 15-20% of the radiolabeled protein was secreted
      into the culture medium, and the remainder was confined to the cellular
      compartment. Biochemical and immunochemical analyses demonstrated the
      extracellular secretion of type IV collagen, laminin, fibronectin, and
      thrombospondin by the newborn and adult cells. Whereas type IV collagen was the
      predominant constituent of the matrix, fibronectin was secreted into the medium,
      with only small amounts being deposited in the matrix. Thrombospondin was a major
      constituent of the matrix produced by the newborn foreskin cells but was
      virtually absent in the matrix elaborated by the adult cells. However, both cell
      types did release comparable amounts of thrombospondin into their medium.
      Immunoperoxidase staining for type IV collagen revealed a fibrillar network in
      the subendothelial matrices produced by both adult and neonatal cells. In
      contrast, thrombospondin, which was detected only in the matrix of newborn cells,
      exhibited a spotty and granular staining pattern. The results indicate that the
      extracellular matrices synthesized by cultured human microvascular endothelial
      cells isolated from anatomically distinct sites and different stages of
      development and age are similar in ultrastructure but differ in their
      macromolecular composition.

PMID- 3882726
TI  - Stimulation of hexose uptake by haemopoietic cell growth factor occurs in WEHI-3B
      myelomonocytic leukaemia cells: a possible mechanism for loss of growth control.
AB  - WEHI-3B myelomonocytic leukaemia cells secrete a haemopoietic cell growth factor
      (HCGF) which facilitates the proliferation and development of multipotential stem
      cells and committed progenitor cells. Several cloned, nonleukaemic cell lines
      (FDC-P cells) are absolutely dependent on HCGF and die in the absence of it. In
      these cell lines, factor dependence is associated with the ability of HCGF to
      increase glucose uptake, thereby controlling glycolytic flux and intracellular
      ATP levels. We have now investigated the effects of HCGF on glucose uptake in
      WEHI-3B cells. At 20 degrees C 2-deoxyglucose uptake could be stimulated by the
      addition of HCGF to the extracellular medium. L-glucose uptake was markedly lower
      than 2-deoxyglucose uptake and did not respond to the addition of HCGF. At 37
      degrees C no HCGF stimulation of 2-deoxyglucose uptake was found. However, at
      this temperature HCGF release from WEHI-3B cells was markedly higher than at 20
      degrees C. Our experiments indicate that HCGF stimulates the glucose transport
      system in both WEHI-3 cells and FDC-P cells. The similarities between the WEHI-3B
      cell and FDC-P2 cell polypeptide phenotype were investigated using two
      dimensional isoelectric focussing/poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. This
      revealed a high degree of correlation between the two cell types in their protein
      constituents, indicating a close relationship between the normal and leukaemic
      cells. These similarities between WEHI-3B cells and FDC-P2 cells are considered
      and their relevance to haemopoiesis and leukaemogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 3882727
TI  - Selecting measures of emotional and behavioral disorders of childhood for use in
      general populations.
AB  - This paper puts forward suggestions for assessing the suitability of existing
      measures of emotional and behavioral disorders of childhood for use in general
      populations. Specific attention is focused on the definition of emotional and
      behavioral disorder, measurement approaches and guidelines for choosing which
      disorders to study. The measurement criteria under review include acceptability,
      applicability, procedural adequacy, reliability and validity. These criteria are
      applied to seven instruments previously described as suitable for epidemiological
      and clinical research. Among these instruments, the ones developed by Rutter,
      Achenbach and Quay best meet the criteria and show the most promise of being
      useful in general populations. Among research priorities for the future, the
      foremost should include the specification of rules of evidence for establishing
      the validity of new measures of emotional and behavioral disorder.

PMID- 3882728
TI  - An evaluation of interpersonal cognitive problem solving training with children.
AB  - A number of social skill training approaches have been devised for remediating
      peer relationship difficulties in children and adolescents. One recently
      developed approach, focusing on interpersonal cognitive problem solving (ICPS)
      skills, is described. ICPS training studies are also reviewed. Despite the
      pervasive methodological problems that characterize this literature, ICPS
      training appears to be effective as a remediation strategy with maladjusted
      youngsters, and as a secondary prevention strategy with children 'at risk'. While
      initial findings with nonclinical groups have been less encouraging, available
      follow-up data suggest that ICPS training may be efficacious as a primary
      prevention strategy, as well. Several suggestions are offered for improving the
      methodology of future training studies, while important issues and problems are
      highlighted for future investigation.

PMID- 3882730
TI  - Infectivity assays for the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus
      using Spodoptera littoralis cells.
AB  - Tissue culture ID50 and plaque assays for the Autographa californica nuclear
      polyhedrosis virus, using the Spodoptera littoralis cell line HPB-SL, were
      developed. Direct comparison using these assay methods showed that these cells
      were as susceptible to infection as the more commonly used Spodoptera frugiperda
      cell line IPLB-SF-21. Both infectious tissue culture supernatants or virus
      isolated directly from polyhedra could be titrated. It was important to use low
      cell seeding densities in the assays so that clear centres of infection formed.
      Dose-response curves indicated that one infectious particle was capable of
      initiating an infection. Virus could be cloned using either method even though,
      for the plaque assay, plates had been stained. The tissue culture ID50 assay was
      performed using 96-well plates and required an incubation period of about 10
      days. The plaque assay used a simple nutrient agarose overlay and an incubation
      period of 5-6 days. Easily countable plaques of 0.3-1.2 mm diameter were detected
      after staining with iodonitrote-trazolium chloride. The plaques comprised areas
      of inhibited cell division and round or dead cells. Most plaques contained only
      some cells with polyhedra and yields averaged about 1/cell. Occasionally plaques
      or infected wells were found in which no polyhedra could be seen. These
      infectivity assays are therefore not dependent on polyhedra formation.

PMID- 3882729
TI  - Separation and quantitation of insulins and related substances in bulk insulin
      crystals and in injectables by reversed-phase high performance liquid
      chromatography and the effect of temperature on the separation.
AB  - The Food and Drug Administration performs potency assays of insulin products as
      part of the insulin certification program required by the Code of Federal
      Regulations. The official method specified in the United States Pharmacopeia
      (USP) is a bioassay measuring the depression of blood sugar concentrations in
      rabbits treated with the insulin under test and the official standard. The
      insulin products resulting from today's technology include highly purified
      isolates from bovine or porcine pancreas and insulin that is identical in
      structure to human insulin. A study of the effects of temperature on the
      separation of the components in insulin injectables led to the development of a
      reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method that uses a
      sulfate buffer/acetonitrile mobile phase at 40 degrees C for the separation and
      quantitation of bovine, porcine, and human insulins and related substances. This
      HPLC method reduces analysis time to 1/60 of that required for the bioassay and
      yields more information about purity than the percent nitrogen determination that
      is one of the USP official procedures. The results of HPLC analyses were compared
      with those for the bioassay by means of a potency/area conversion factor computed
      on a species by species basis. Results for the bioassays and the HPLC
      determinations for 40 lots of bulk crystalline insulin were compared in this
      study; in general, the HPLC estimates fell within the 95% confidence interval for
      combined independent bioassays.

PMID- 3882731
TI  - Rapid diagnosis of echovirus type 33 meningitis by specific IgM detection using
      an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
AB  - During an outbreak of meningitis in France (in the Lyon area), from June to
      October 1982, serum and stool samples were collected from 227 patients. An enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for titrating IgG and IgM antibodies anti
      echovirus type 33 was developed and compared with the virus isolation technique,
      and with the titration of neutralizing antibodies. In 39 patients excreting
      echovirus 33 in faeces, the ELISA test allowed a positive serodiagnosis in 85% of
      the cases by detection of specific IgM (64% of the cases) and by seroconversion
      (21%). Compared with the neutralization (Nt) test, ELISA was found to be more
      sensitive. The antibody titres in ELISA were over 50 times higher and detected
      earlier than the neutralizing antibodies. This early immune response allowed a
      rapid diagnosis by specific IgM detection in the acute sera collected within 8
      days after the appearance of the clinical symptoms in more than 50% of the 97
      patients examined, whereas the Nt test allowed a positive serodiagnosis in only
      32% of the patients. The use of a caesium chloride purified antigen insured the
      specificity of the reactions.

PMID- 3882732
TI  - Immunoperoxidase assay for the detection of specific IgG antibodies to Hantaan
      virus.
AB  - A technique, using indirect immunoperoxidase antibody (IPA), was developed for
      the detection of IgG antibody to Hantaan virus. The same protein A-peroxidase
      conjugate was used with mouse, rat and human sera. The IPA technique employs
      glass slides with air-dried gamma-ray-inactivated and acetone-fixed Hantaan
      infected Vero-E6 cells. Antibody titers detected by IPA was comparable to those
      detected by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique.

PMID- 3882733
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay, complement fixation and hemagglutination inhibition tests in
      the diagnosis of influenza A and B virus infections. Purified hemagglutinin in
      subtype-specific diagnosis.
AB  - The efficacy of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in detecting diagnostic antibody rises
      to influenza A and B viruses was compared with complement fixation (CF) and
      hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests in 455 patients with an acute respiratory
      infection. EIA and HI detected significantly more diagnostic antibody rises
      against influenza A than the CF method (96 and 87 vs. 47, respectively). In the
      case of influenza B significantly more diagnostic influenza B antibody rises were
      observed by EIA than by CF or HI (59 vs. 37 and 40, respectively). In most of the
      cases antibody rises in EIA were found in both IgG and IgA isotypes whereas
      increases in IgM antibodies were seen less frequently. Purified hemagglutinins
      (HA) were prepared from influenza A HI- and H3-subtypes and from influenza B
      viruses and used as antigens in EIA and the results were compared with those of
      HI. Infections caused by influenza A HI-subtype showed good homologous antibody
      responses in EIA but heterologous antibody responses to H3-subtype and influenza
      B HAs were frequently observed. Heterologous responses were clearly less frequent
      in patients with infections caused by the H3-subtype. Influenza B infections
      occasionally raised HA antibodies against influenza A H1-subtype but not to the
      H3-subtype. Interestingly, HI detected these heterologous responses at least as
      frequently as EIA. When whole viruses were used as antigens in EIA, subtype
      specificity was not observed and cross-reactions between influenza A and B virus
      antibodies were found. These observations suggest that, although EIA can show
      greater diagnostic efficacy over HI and CF methods, HI is still the serological
      method of choice in determining the causative subtype of influenza A virus
      infection.

PMID- 3882734
TI  - Treatment selection for cancer patients: application of statistical decision
      theory to the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer.
AB  - Optimal treatment selection for patients with chronic disease, especially
      advanced cancer, requires careful consideration in weighing risks and benefits of
      each therapy. The application of statistical decision theory to such problems
      provides an explicit and systematic means of combining information on risks and
      benefits with individual patient preferences on quality-of-life issues. This
      paper evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of this methodology by using, as an
      example, treatment selection in advanced ovarian cancer. Possible treatment
      options and the major consequences of each are first outlined on a decision tree.
      The probability of various outcomes is estimated from the literature and methods
      for assessing the relative value or utility of each outcome are illustrated by
      interviews with 9 volunteers. Based on decision analysis, the recommended
      treatment for advanced ovarian cancer is found to be highly dependent on survival
      estimates but far less dependent on other probability estimates or the method of
      obtaining utilities. Individual preferences are also found to influence the
      treatment choice. The analysis illustrates that an important strength in using
      decision theory is its ability to identify key factors in the decision through
      sensitivity analysis. This may help both the physician selecting treatment and
      the investigator planning clinical trials which compare these therapies. In
      addition, this method can help in planning a trial's sample size by determining
      what survival difference between therapeutic strategies is worth detecting. Some
      problems identified with this methodology include the need for several
      simplifying assumptions and the difficulties in assessing individual preferences.
      On balance, we believe decision theory in this setting can play a useful role in
      complementing the physician's clinical judgement.

PMID- 3882735
TI  - Influence of oral verapamil on glucoregulatory hormones in man.
AB  - We evaluated the effect of treatment with placebo or verapamil (320 mg/day) for 2
      weeks on glucose-induced insulin secretion and hypoglycemia-stimulated
      counterregulatory hormone secretion in hypertensive patients. Verapamil treatment
      was associated with a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.02
      vs. placebo). During a hyperglycemic clamp (plasma glucose raised 125 mg/dl above
      basal level) maintained for 90 min, plasma insulin increased 4- to 5-fold (early)
      and then to values 8- to 10-fold above baseline (late). These increments were
      identical during placebo or verapamil treatment. The rates of glucose metabolized
      during each study also were similar, suggesting that no significant change in
      insulin action occurred during drug treatment. When plasma glucose was allowed to
      decline precipitously from hyperglycemic levels (220 mg/dl) to nadirs ranging
      from 42-77 mg/dl, plasma concentrations of glucagon, cortisol, epinephrine, and
      norepinephrine all increased; however, no consistent differences in the counter
      regulatory hormone responses could be attributed to verapamil therapy. We
      conclude that physiologically effective drug concentrations of verapamil capable
      of influencing blood pressure do not have a significant effect on secretion of
      glucoregulatory hormones in man.

PMID- 3882736
TI  - Modulation of insulin secretion by insulin and glucose in type II diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - We studied the dose-response characteristics of insulin's ability to modulate its
      own secretion in normal and type II diabetic (NIDDM) subjects by measuring
      suppression of serum C-peptide levels during insulin infusions with the plasma
      glucose level held constant. In normal subjects at euglycemia, primed continuous
      insulin infusion rates of 15, 40, 120, and 240 mU/M2 X min acutely raised serum
      insulin to steady state levels of 37 +/- 2 (+/- SE), 96 +/- 6, 286 +/- 17, and
      871 +/- 93 microU/ml, respectively. During each infusion, maximal suppression of
      C-peptide to 30% of basal levels occurred by 130 min. At the higher insulin
      levels (greater than or equal to 100 microU/ml), C-peptide levels fell rapidly,
      with an apparent t1/2 of 13 min, which approximates estimates for the t1/2 of
      circulating C-peptide in man. This is consistent with an immediate 70% inhibition
      of the basal rate of insulin secretion. At the lower insulin level (37 +/- 2
      microU/ml), C-peptide levels fell to 30% of basal values less rapidly (apparent
      t1/2, 33 min), suggesting that 70% inhibition of basal insulin secretion rates
      was achieved more slowly. In NIDDM subjects, primed continuous insulin infusion
      rates of 15, 40, 120, and 1200 mU/M2 X min acutely raised serum insulin to steady
      state levels of 49 +/- 7, 93 +/- 11,364 +/- 31, and 10,003 +/- 988 microU/ml.
      During studies at basal hyperglycemia, only minimal C-peptide suppression was
      found, even at pharmacological insulin levels (10,003 +/- 988 microU/ml).
      However, if plasma glucose was allowed to fall during the insulin infusions,
      there was a rapid decrease in serum C-peptide to 30% of basal levels, analogous
      to that in normal subjects. Three weeks of intensive insulin therapy did not
      alter C-peptide suppression under conditions of hyperinsulinemia and falling
      plasma glucose. The following conclusions were reached. 1) In normal subjects,
      insulin (40-1000 microU/ml) inhibits its own secretion in a dose-responsive
      manner; more time is required to achieve maximal 70% suppression at the lower
      insulin level (40 microU/ml). 2) In NIDDM studied at basal hyperglycemia, insulin
      has minimal ability to suppress its own secretion. Thus, impaired feedback
      inhibition could contribute to basal hyperinsulinemia. 3) Under conditions of
      hyperinsulinemia and falling plasma glucose, insulin secretion is rapidly
      suppressed in NIDDM (analogous to that in normal subjects studied during
      euglycemia.

PMID- 3882737
TI  - Bromocriptine as primary therapy for prolactin-secreting macroadenomas: results
      of a prospective multicenter study.
AB  - To assess the effectiveness of bromocriptine in reducing the size of PRL
      secreting macroadenomas with extrasellar extension, we conducted a prospective
      multicenter trial in patients without prior radiotherapy, applying a standard
      protocol of treatment and tumor size evaluation. Basal serum PRL levels [1441 +/-
      417 (+/- SEM) ng/ml for women; 3451 +/- 1111 ng/ml for men] fell in all patients
      and to 11% or less of basal values in all patients but 1. Normal PRL levels were
      reached in 18 of the 27 patients. In 13 patients (46%), tumor size was reduced by
      greater than 50%, in 5 patients (18%) by about 50%, and in 9 patients (36%) by
      approximately 10-25%. The extent of tumor size reduction did not correlate with
      basal PRL, nadir PRL, percent fall in PRL, or whether PRL levels reached normal.
      However, a reduction in PRL levels always preceded any detectable change in tumor
      size. In 19 patients, reduction in tumor size was evident by 6 weeks, but in the
      other 8, such reduction was not noted until the 6 month evaluation. In the 4
      patients in whom bromocriptine was discontinued at the end of 1 yr, tumor
      reexpansion occurred in 3. Visual fields improved in 9 of the 10 patients in whom
      they were abnormal. Because of the excellent results found in most of the
      patients in this series, we suggest that therapy with bromocriptine should be
      considered as initial management for patients with PRL-secreting macroadenomas.

PMID- 3882739
TI  - Impotence associated with low biological to immunological ratio of luteinizing
      hormone in a man with a pituitary stone.
AB  - Quantitative reduction in LH secretion resulting from hypothalamic-pituitary
      dysfunction is a known cause of impotence. Qualitative abnormalities of secreted
      LH, however, have not been described under these circumstances. During evaluation
      of a 39-yr-old man with impotence and a calcified pituitary mass (pituitary
      stone), we detected a qualitative abnormality of LH characterized by a low ratio
      of bio- to immunoactivity (B:I). Initial work-up revealed basal morning serum
      testosterone levels of 2.14, 3.18, 3.97, and 3.11 ng/ml on 4 separate days, low
      to low normal urinary LH (300, 200, and 478 mIU/h), and normal GH, TSH, PRL, and
      ACTH secretion after provocative testing. The response of impotence to
      testosterone but not placebo in a double blind trial confirmed the clinical
      significance of the borderline low androgen levels. These findings prompted a
      systematic analysis of 24-h LH pulses as well as clomiphene and GnRH
      responsiveness. By RIA, mean serum LH levels [9.1 +/- 0.3 (+/- SE) mIU/ml] and
      all other response parameters were normal. In striking contrast, mean serum LH by
      bioassay was low (9.9 +/- 0.4 mIU/ml vs. 41.4 +/- 5.7 in normal subjects), as
      were B:I ratios (1.0 +/- 0.03 vs. control values of 3.1 +/- 0.5 to 5.3 +/- 0.3).
      Only during maneuvers designed to increase GnRH were B:I ratios increased to 3.3
      +/- 0.22 (exogenous GnRH) and 1.8 +/- 0.12 (clomiphene). Mean testosterone levels
      before and after exogenous GnRH treatment were 3.28 +/- 0.24 and 4.76 +/- 0.16,
      respectively (P less than 0.001). The results suggest an association between the
      low LH B:I ratio and the anatomical disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary
      portal system by the pituitary stone. The increased B:I ratio during GnRH or
      clomiphene administration indicates a functional link between pituitary GnRH
      exposure and the greater potency of the LH secreted.

PMID- 3882738
TI  - Presentation of a new method for specific measurement of in vivo insulin
      stimulated glucose disposal in humans: comparison of this approach with the
      insulin clamp and minimal model techniques.
AB  - This study was initiated to compare the abilities of two alternative approaches
      to the measurement of insulin-dependent glucose disposal in normal humans. The
      ability of insulin to stimulate glucose disposal was measured in 12 normal
      subjects by determining glucose disposal rates during insulin clamp studies
      carried out at both basal insulin concentrations (approximately 6 microU/ml) and
      during a period of sustained hyperinsulinemia (approximately 60 microU/ml). The
      increment in glucose disposal was defined as insulin-dependent disposal and
      compared to estimates of insulin action generated by both the conventional
      insulin clamp approach and the minimal model technique. The results documented an
      extremely close correlation (r = 0.99; P less than 0.001) between the direct
      determination of insulin-dependent glucose disposal and insulin-stimulated
      glucose disposal as estimated by the insulin clamp technique. In contrast, there
      was a poor correlation (r = 0.44; P = NS) between insulin sensitivity as
      estimated by the minimal model technique and insulin-dependent glucose disposal.
      These results indicate that the value of glucose disposal determined by the
      insulin clamp approach, which includes both insulin-independent and insulin
      dependent glucose disposal, provides an excellent estimate of insulin-dependent
      glucose disposal in subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Unfortunately, this
      does not appear to be true of the minimal model technique. However, it must be
      emphasized that these conclusions are only applicable to normal humans, and may
      not apply to normal subjects of other species or to humans under different
      physiological or pathological situations.

PMID- 3882740
TI  - [Studies on the proteolytic activity in the liver mitochondria].

PMID- 3882741
TI  - [Diagnostic imaging methods in obstructive jaundice].

PMID- 3882742
TI  - Comparison of processing techniques for detection of Pneumocystis carinii cysts
      in open-lung biopsy specimens.
AB  - Methenamine silver stain was used to compare the number of cysts of Pneumocystis
      carinii contained in lung concentrate smears of homogenized lung tissue with the
      number in impression smears. Results were also compared with histopathological
      examination of methenamine silver-stained paraffin-embedded sections. Of slides
      from 23 preparations, a greater number of cysts were contained in concentrate
      smears than in impressions (P less than 0.001). In four preparations, cysts were
      noted in concentrate smears only. All concentrate smears were positive, whereas
      11 of the 23 histopathological sections were negative (P less than 0.01). The
      ability to detect the cyst phase of P. carinii in lung tissue is enhanced by the
      use of concentrate smears.

PMID- 3882743
TI  - Evaluation of the efficacy of reincubation and subsequent subculture of initially
      positive blood cultures in the detection of additional clinically significant
      isolates.
AB  - Polymicrobial bacteremias are associated with higher mortality than are
      unimicrobial bacteremias, and their incidence appears to be increasing. Other
      researchers have recently shown that the prevalence of polymicrobial bacteremias
      may be underestimated when blood cultures are not evaluated further after
      identification of an initial isolate. We investigated this possibility by
      reincubating and further subculturing blood cultures initially positive for a
      single organism. We failed to show a clinically important increase in recovery of
      multiple isolates.

PMID- 3882745
TI  - Simple hemagglutination inhibition test for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.
AB  - A simple hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for the serological diagnosis of
      toxoplasmosis has been developed and evaluated. A total of 84 human and 120 mouse
      serum samples were tested by the newly developed HI test and compared with an
      immunoglobulin G-indirect fluorescent antibody test. Statistical analysis of
      serum titers obtained by using the HI test and the immunoglobulin G-indirect
      fluorescent antibody test showed a correlation coefficient of 0.89. The
      diagnostic efficacy of HI when compared with the immunoglobulin G-indirect
      fluorescent antibody diagnostic test results was 96.43% for human sera and 100%
      for mouse sera. The unique hemagglutination antigen, derived from Toxoplasma
      gondii (Rh strain) exotoxin, spontaneously binds with mouse or rat erythrocytes,
      causing the hemagglutination reaction. In this study, 2, 4, or 8 hemagglutinating
      units of T. gondii exotoxin was used with Swiss/Webster mouse erythrocytes as an
      indicator for the HI assay. The results indicate that 8 hemagglutinating units is
      optimal because this concentration has the least unexplained variability. T.
      gondii exotoxin was stable for at least 18 months at -70 degrees C. The
      Toxoplasma HI test we report in this paper is shown to be a fast, easy, highly
      specific, and sensitive test for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 3882744
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure antibodies to purified heat-labile
      enterotoxins from human and porcine strains of Escherichia coli and to cholera
      toxin: application in serodiagnosis and seroepidemiology.
AB  - Serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to purified heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) from
      human (LTh) and porcine (LTp) Escherichia coli strains and cholera enterotoxin
      (CT) were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sera from patients
      with LTh E. coli infection showed a prominent response with LTh, an intermediate
      response with LTp, and a meager response with CT. Of 47 persons with clinical LTh
      producing E. coli (herein shortened to LTh E. coli) infections, significant rises
      in antitoxin were detected against LTh in 36 (77%), against LTp in 30 (64%), and
      against CT in only 13 (28%) patients; seroconversions also occurred in 11 of 14
      (79%) patients with subclinical LTh E. coli infections. In North Americans with
      experimental LTh E. coli infection, anti-Lth did not remain at high levels for
      more than 3 months. Persons with cholera manifested antitoxin responses that were
      similarly potent against all three toxin antigens; in fact, net optical density
      values were often slightly higher against LTh than against CT. The ratio of
      CT/LTh ELISA net optical density in convalescent sera proved to be a sensitive
      means to differentiate LT E. coli from cholera infection. All 11 cholera patients
      tested had CT/LTh ratios of greater than 0.70, whereas in only 1 of 47 LTh E.
      coli infections did the ratio exceed that value (it was 0.71) (P less than
      0.0000000001). In single serum specimens, a net optical density of greater than
      or equal to 0.30 against LTh was shown to be a useful cutoff in screening sera
      for recent LTh E. coli or past cholera infection. The CT/LTh ratio was then used
      to differentiate definitively. Sera from healthy 3- to 5-year -olds and 15- to 19
      year-olds in Maryland, Chile, and Bangladesh were tested against LTh and CT. The
      serological results fit known epidemiological observations. (i) LTh infections
      are rare in the United States (only 2 of 60 sera had LTh net optical density
      values of >/= 0.30. (ii) In contrast, evidence of recent LTh E. coli infections
      was very common in Chilean (69%) and Bangladeshi (57%) 3- to 5-year-olds and not
      uncommon in 15- to 19-year-olds (38 and 31%, respectively) in those countries.
      (iii) Only Bangladeshi sera showed serological evidence of cholera infections
      (CT/LTh ratios of > 0.70). The immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      measuring antibodies to purified LTh and CT represents a practical and effective
      tool for the serological study of LTh E. coli and cholera diarrheal infections.

PMID- 3882746
TI  - Stool desorbing activity: a possible cause of false-positive reactions in
      competitive enzyme immunoassays.
AB  - We have developed a competitive enzyme immunoassay for the measurement of
      purified toxin A of Clostridium difficile. However, when we applied this assay to
      the detection of C. difficile toxin in stool specimens, we noted a high rate of
      nonspecific activity in fecal specimens which did not contain toxin. We found
      that the low specificity (26%) of the assay was due to the presence in stool
      specimens of interfering factors which desorbed the antigen coated on the solid
      phase surface. These factors could be detected by measurement of the desorption
      of biotin-labeled proteins attached to the solid-phase surface. In addition,
      these interfering factors were partially inactivated by heating at 56 degrees C
      for 10 min and partially inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (2 mM) or
      soybean trypsin inhibitor (10 mg/ml). These data suggested that the desorbing
      activity was due to proteolytic activity in the fecal specimens. Fetal calf serum
      (50%) was found to be the most effective measure in preventing the interfering
      effect. By using 50% fetal calf serum as a diluent, we increased the specificity
      of the antibody inhibition enzyme immunoassay to 93%. Interfering factors in
      stool specimens could be a cause of false-positive results in other competitive
      immunoassay systems. The use of diluents which neutralize protease activity can
      result in a marked improvement in the specificity of competitive immunoassay
      systems.

PMID- 3882747
TI  - Effects of products of autolysis of tissue and urine on the viability,
      morphology, and antigenicity of Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona.
AB  - The effect of the products of autolysis on Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona
      was investigated in bovine kidney tissues and urine inoculated with this
      organism. No viable leptospires were found at 24 h or subsequently after
      inoculation of kidney tissues or urine. Leptospires and their soluble antigens
      were rapidly destroyed in tissues stored at 20 degrees C and could not be
      detected by the fluorescent-antibody test and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay. On the other hand, leptospires were detectable by dark-field microscopy
      and fluorescent-antibody test 38 days after addition to urine. The rate of
      destruction proceeded less rapidly in tissues stored at 4 degrees C. Under the
      conditions of this study, soluble leptospiral antigen levels decreased less
      rapidly than did the number of detectable leptospires. Similarly, breakdown of
      leptospires, demonstrated by dark-field microscopy and fluorescent-antibody test,
      progressed during the first 5 days after inoculation of urine, when levels of
      soluble leptospiral antigen remained constant. Although the number of intact
      leptospires was markedly reduced after freezing of tissues at -20 degrees C,
      soluble leptospiral antigen levels remained unaltered. Neither intact leptospires
      nor their soluble antigens were detected after preservation of tissues in
      Formalin. However, formolization of urine delayed the destruction of leptospires
      and increased the levels of soluble leptospiral antigen during at least the first
      5 days after inoculation. These results indicate that assays such as the enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay should be useful for the detection of soluble
      leptospiral antigens in urine and in autolyzing tissues such as those taken from
      a bovine fetus aborted as a result of leptospiral infection.

PMID- 3882748
TI  - Selective isolation and rapid identification of Clostridium botulinum types A and
      B by toxin detection.
AB  - A simple procedure for rapid identification of Clostridium botulinum type A and B
      colonies from cultures and stool samples from infants with botulism was devised.
      The stool samples were directly streaked on C. botulinum isolation medium
      containing selective inhibitory agents. Typical lipase-positive colonies that
      appeared within 24 to 48 h were examined for the presence of botulinal toxin by
      the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and conventional mouse toxicity test. The
      amount of toxin associated with 48-h colonies of stock strains was comparable to
      that of 96-h broth culture. The quantity of toxin present in a single colony or
      combination of two was shown to be sufficient for toxin detection by the enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay. Of 42 additional stock strains tested in this manner,
      41 (97.5%) were identified as toxigenic C. botulinum type A or B. The remaining
      one strain also proved to be toxigenic when it was tested as a concentrated cell
      suspension. This procedure should prove useful for large-scale serological
      screening of food and clinical specimens.

PMID- 3882749
TI  - A new provisional serovar of Shigella dysenteriae.
AB  - Bacterial isolates obtained in Israel from stool cultures of 17 sporadic cases of
      acute diarrhea during the years 1972 to 1980 and from 14 patients involved in an
      institutional outbreak in 1984 are described. These cultures gave the biochemical
      reactions and pathogenicity tests characteristics of the genus Shigella but
      failed to agglutinate, living or boiled, in any of the recognized or provisional
      Shigella antisera. All 31 cultures were biochemically and serologically
      identical, and owing to their inability to ferment mannitol, it is proposed that
      they be regarded as belonging to a new provisional serovar of Shigella
      dysenteriae. The strain I9809-73 is designated as the test strain for this new
      serovar.

PMID- 3882750
TI  - Ten-minute detection of group A streptococci in pediatric throat swabs.
AB  - A 10-min latex agglutination test kit, Culturette Brand Ten-Minute Group A Strep
      ID (Marion Scientific, Div. of Marion Laboratories, Inc., Kansas City, Mo.), was
      assessed for the rapid detection of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus directly
      from a throat swab. Four hundred and thirty-five throat swab specimens from
      children with suspected group A streptococcal infection were tested by the Ten
      Minute Group A Strep ID and by concurrent conventional culture. The strep test
      was effective in detecting group A streptococcal infection; 90% (63/70) of
      culture-positive specimens gave positive latex tests. The specificity of the test
      was 99.2% (362/365). The predictive values were 95.5% for positives and 98.1% for
      negatives. Overall agreement with culture was 98% (425/435). This test offers a
      sensitive and specific method for the early detection of group A beta-hemolytic
      streptococci in throat swabs of children and would be most useful in a hospital
      laboratory or pediatrician's office.

PMID- 3882751
TI  - Isolation and enumeration of Clostridium botulinum by direct inoculation of
      infant fecal specimens on egg yolk agar and Clostridium botulinum isolation
      media.
AB  - Direct plating of stool specimens on selective (Clostridium botulinum isolation)
      and nonselective (egg yolk agar) media was evaluated as an aid in confirming
      infant botulism. C. botulinum was isolated from 13 of 14 culture-positive
      specimens with C. botulinum isolation and from 8 of 14 egg yolk agar. No lipase
      reaction was seen on plates of 31 culture-negative specimens.

PMID- 3882752
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus and their use for rapid
      detection of virus in nasopharyngeal secretions.
AB  - We developed five monoclonal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus.
      Three of these (23A3, 12A4, and 18B2) were used in an indirect fluorescent
      antibody test, and the results were compared with those of a similar indirect
      fluorescent test with commercial anti-respiratory syncytial virus serum. The
      results obtained with antibody 18B2 and commercial anti-respiratory syncytial
      virus serum were identical, whereas with antibodies 23A3 and 12A4 the incidence
      of positive identifications was around 50%.

PMID- 3882753
TI  - Caveats on using nonstandardized serologic tests for Lyme disease.

PMID- 3882754
TI  - On the presence of Ia-positive endothelial cells and astrocytes in multiple
      sclerosis lesions and its relevance to antigen presentation.
AB  - Using a monoclonal antibody in combination with the 4-step modified peroxidase
      antiperoxidase (PAP) technique, Ia expression was demonstrated on endothelial
      cells and astrocytes in MS lesions of different ages. On endothelial cells, Ia
      antigen was found most frequently in grey and white matter parenchyma of acute MS
      brain and showed lower, comparable numbers in active and silent chronic MS brain
      tissue. Ia+ astrocytes were most numerous in acute MS lesions. In active chronic
      MS, Ia+ astrocytes predominated at the lesion edge, where they frequently
      displayed an atypical, rounded configuration. Positive astrocytes showed somewhat
      lower numbers within the lesion center and in normal white matter close to the
      lesion edge. Their frequency was significantly lower in normal white matter
      remote from the lesion. In silent chronic MS, Ia+ astrocyte processes were
      detectable only within the lesion center. Grey matter astrocytes displayed no
      staining with anti-Ia antibody. In normal brain tissue, no Ia antigen could be
      detected. The presence of Ia molecules on some endothelial cells and astrocytes
      in MS brain tissue suggests a role in antigen presentation perhaps relevant to
      the initiation and perpetuation, respectively, of the inflammatory process.

PMID- 3882755
TI  - Effects of enamel etching time on bond strength and morphology.

PMID- 3882756
TI  - Air-rotor stripping.

PMID- 3882757
TI  - Should primary enamel be ground prior to bonding?

PMID- 3882758
TI  - Reducing bond failures with a no-mix adhesive.

PMID- 3882759
TI  - New concept for impressions and models.

PMID- 3882760
TI  - Characterization and partial purification of a factor from uremic human serum
      that induces insulin resistance.
AB  - We have previously shown that the incubation of normal rat adipose tissue with
      sera from nondialyzed, nondiabetic uremic patients reduces the transport and
      metabolism of glucose, in the absence and presence of insulin. In this study
      insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism by normal rat adipocytes was used as a
      bioassay to identify the resistance activity, assess the effect of chemical
      modification on it, and the clinical states associated with its production. The
      resistance activity was trypsin-labile and had an apparent isoelectric point
      between 6 and 7, but was not retained by either protein A or concanavalin A
      columns. The insulin resistance activity was decreased by coincubation with the
      protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide. Purification to greater than 200,000
      fold was attained by heating (100 degrees C) uremic serum, subjecting the
      supernatant to Sephadex G-25 chromatography and subsequent adsorption to DEAE at
      pH 7.8 and elution at pH 6.5. The partially purified resistance activity was
      retained within dialysis tubing of 1,000-mol wt cutoff but not within 2,000-mol
      wt cutoff. Hemodialysis of patients over 1 wk to 18 mo reduced significantly the
      amount of resistance activity in their sera. The resistance activity, present in
      most uremic patients, was not found in the sera of individuals with normal renal
      function but who were either obese, fasted, elderly or had type II diabetes
      mellitus. Thus, a circulating small molecular weight peptide, unique to uremia,
      induced insulin resistance by a protein synthesis-dependent mechanism.

PMID- 3882761
TI  - Origin of cell populations after bone marrow transplantation. Analysis using DNA
      sequence polymorphisms.
AB  - After successful bone marrow transplantation, patient hematopoietic and lymphoid
      cells are replaced by cells derived from the donor marrow. To document and
      characterize successful engraftment, host and donor cells must be distinguished
      from each other. We have used DNA sequence polymorphism analysis to determine
      reliably the host or donor origin of posttransplant cell populations. Using a
      selected panel of six cloned DNA probes and associated sequence polymorphisms, at
      least one marker capable of distinguishing between a patient and his sibling
      donor can be detected in over 95% of cases. Posttransplant patient peripheral
      leukocytes were examined by DNA restriction enzyme digestion and blot
      hybridization analysis. We have studied 18 patients at times varying from 13 to
      1,365 d after marrow transplantation. Mixed lymphohematopoietic chimerism was
      detected in 3 patients, with full engraftment documented in 15. One patient with
      severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome was demonstrated to have T cells of
      purely donor origin, with granulocytes and B cells remaining of host origin.
      Posttransplant leukemic relapse was studied in one patient and shown to be of
      host origin. DNA analysis was of particular clinical value in three cases where
      failure of engraftment or graft loss was suspected. In two of the three cases,
      full engraftment was demonstrated and in the third mixed lymphohematopoietic
      chimerism was detected. DNA sequence polymorphism analysis provides a powerful
      tool for the documentation of engraftment after bone marrow transplantation, for
      the evaluation of posttransplant lymphoma or leukemic relapse, and for the
      comprehensive study of mixed hematopoietic and lymphoid chimeric states.

PMID- 3882762
TI  - Who goes and who stays: subject loss in a multicenter, longitudinal follow-up
      study.
AB  - Subject loss in a cohort of 645 infants and their families, enrolled in a
      multicenter clinical trial, was described. Medical/biologic, socioeconomic and
      social support (Environmental Quality Index [EQI] composite), and developmental
      outcome data were obtained. Dropout was evaluated by comparing infants who
      withdrew at any time throughout the study to those who remained, as well as at
      four different time periods between 40 weeks conceptional age and 36 months. A
      dropout profile was also developed. Overall dropout was predicted by EQI score,
      clinical center, gestational age category, and 18-month developmental status. In
      addition to these variables, the dropout profile included race, but not 18-month
      developmental status. Medical/biologic variables, environmental quality, and race
      and center were most influential in the first, second and third, and fourth time
      periods, respectively. The identification of factors which are associated with
      increased subject loss can help researchers project needed sample sizes in future
      studies.

PMID- 3882763
TI  - Glomerular thrombi in renal allografts associated with cyclosporin treatment.
AB  - We have found glomerular capillary thrombi or afferent arteriolar thrombosis in
      eight renal biopsy specimens from seven renal allograft recipients. All patients
      were receiving cyclosporin and prednisolone. Biopsies were performed either
      routinely one and four weeks after transplantation or during periods of renal
      dysfunction. None of the patients whose biopsy material contained glomerular
      thrombi was considered, in retrospect, to have been undergoing rejection at the
      time of biopsy. Thrombi consisted of finely granular material partially
      obstructing glomerular capillaries. By light microscopy the staining
      characteristics of the thrombi were compatible with platelet-fibrin aggregates,
      and this was confirmed by immunoperoxidase examination. Such thrombi have not
      previously been seen in biopsy material from patients treated with prednisolone
      and azathioprine, except rarely associated with acute vascular injection. In none
      of these patients was there haematological evidence of the haemolytic uraemic
      syndrome as has been reported in bone marrow recipients treated with cyclosporin.

PMID- 3882764
TI  - Comparison of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and enzyme linked fluorescence
      immunoassay for detection of antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis.
AB  - An enzyme linked fluorescence immunoassay (ELFA) has been evaluated for the
      detection of antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis. Reticulate bodies and
      elementary bodies from C trachomatis L2/434 strain were used as antigens. An
      enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has also been evaluated using the same
      antigens. Results obtained by ELISA and ELFA for human sera with these two
      antigens were compared with each other and with the results obtained by a micro
      immunofluorescence (micro-IF) test. Serum IgG antibodies against C trachomatis L2
      reticulate bodies and elementary bodies were found in 32 (20.0%) and 11 (6.9%),
      respectively, of 160 serum samples from pregnant women by the micro-IF test
      (titre greater than or equal to 1/32). All of these 32 pregnant women had IgG
      antibodies to C trachomatis reticulate bodies (titre greater than or equal to
      1/100), whereas 20 (12.5%) had IgG antibodies to elementary bodies in the ELISA.
      On the other hand, 25 (15.6%) and 19 (11.9%) of them had IgG antibodies to C
      trachomatis L2 reticulate bodies and elementary bodies, respectively, by the ELFA
      (titre greater than or equal to 1/500).

PMID- 3882765
TI  - Pathological examination of cutaneous malignant melanomas.

PMID- 3882766
TI  - Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontal disease.
AB  - Recent evidence implicates Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in the etiology
      of localized juvenile periodontitis. This paper reviews the morphological,
      biochemical and serological charcteristics of A. actinomycetemcomitans, evidence
      incriminating it as a periodontopathogen, its importance in human nonoral
      infections, and virulence factors which may be involved in the pathogenesis of A.
      actinomycetemcomitans infections. A. actinomycetemcomitans is a non-motile, gram
      negative, capnophilic, fermentative coccobacillus which closely resembles several
      Haemophilus species but which does not require X or V growth factors. The
      organism has been categorized into 10 biotypes based on the variable fermentation
      of dextrin, maltose, mannitol, and xylose and into 3 serotypes on the basis of
      heat stable, cell surface antigens. A. actinomycetemcomitans' primary human
      ecologic niche is the oral cavity. It is found in dental plaque, in periodontal
      pockets, and buccal mucosa in up to 36% of the normal population. The organism
      can apparently seed from these sites to cause severe infections throughout the
      human body such as brain abscesses and endocarditis. There is a large body of
      evidence which implicates A. actinomycetemcomitans as an important micro-organism
      in the etiology of localized juvenile periodontitis including: (1) an increased
      prevalence of the organism in almost all localized juvenile periodontitis
      patients and their families compared to other patient groups; (2) the observation
      that localized juvenile periodontitis patients exhibit elevated antibody levels
      to A. actinomycetemcomitans in serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid; (3)
      the finding that localized juvenile periodontitis can be successfully treated by
      eliminating A. actinomycetemcomitans from periodontal pockets; (4)
      histopathologic investigations showing that A. actinomycetemcomitans invades the
      gingival connective tissue in localized juvenile periodontitis lesions; (5) the
      demonstration of several pathogenic products from A. actinomycetemcomitans
      including factors which may: (a) facilitate its adherence to mucosal surfaces
      such as capsular polysaccharides; (b) inhibit host defense mechanisms including
      leukotoxin, a polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis inhibiting factor, and a
      lymphocyte suppressing factor (c) cause tissue destruction such as
      lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, a bone resorption-inducing toxin, acid and alkaline
      phosphatases, collagenase, a fibroblast inhibiting factor and an
      epitheliotoxin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3882767
TI  - Periodontal and prosthetic treatment in patients with oral lichen planus.
AB  - The problems of periodontal and prosthetic treatment are demonstrated with a
      typical case of oral erosive lichen planus with gingival involvement. The results
      attained suggest that oral lichen can be improved by optimum plaque control and
      periodontal treatment. Prosthetic treatment should be based on bridgework and not
      on removable partial dentures owing to the isomorphous irritant effect that
      characterizes lichen planus. Once the plaque situation is firmly under control,
      even teeth with advanced destruction of the supporting tissues may be used as
      abutments. In the event of all molars being absent, cantilever bridges should be
      fitted. In this case it is not essential to replace all the molars provided that
      the masticatory function is subjectively adequate.

PMID- 3882768
TI  - Assessment of plaque by image analysis.
AB  - The uneven distribution and pattern of staining, revealed on root-planed,
      periodontally-involved root surfaces by the application of a plaque-disclosing
      solution, precludes the use of conventional plaque scoring indices or other
      methods of assessment based on planimetric and gravimetric techniques. A method
      has been developed and evaluated to quantify stained areas using image analysis.
      The method is reproducible, with an error factor of 1.32%, and represents a
      comparatively simple, yet effective technique for quantifying plaque on irregular
      root surface areas.

PMID- 3882769
TI  - The removal of root surface deposits.
AB  - The importance of adequate root surface instrumentation has received increasing
      emphasis. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which root
      planning could produce surfaces free of stainable deposits. Initial laboratory
      investigations on extracted, periodontally involved roots demonstrated that after
      meticulous root preparation, totally non-stainable surfaces could be obtained.
      These surfaces were shown to consist of either thin cementum or dentine. The
      efficacy of instrumenting periodontally involved buccal root surfaces on the
      anterior teeth of 33 patients, undergoing routine periodontal flap surgery was
      then evaluated. Root surfaces were instrumented either before or after the
      reflection of surgical flaps. Remaining bacterial deposits were disclosed with a
      gentian violet solution and the root surfaces then photographed. Further root
      planing, disclosure and photography were then carried out. These photographic
      slides were analysed for stainable deposits on the root surfaces using an image
      analysis system, based on densitometric principles, to measure the areas of
      stainable root surface deposits. The findings revealed that root planning under
      direct vision at the time of surgery was more effective than blind
      instrumentation. However, in no instance was any root surface found to be
      completely free of stainable deposits.

PMID- 3882770
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase activity in gingival crevicular fluid collected with filter
      paper strips: analysis in subjects with non-inflamed and mildly inflamed gingiva.
AB  - A previous study of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in gingival crevicular fluid
      (GCF) suggested that the concentration is 10 to 25 times that of serum (means =
      2300 international units/1 versus 100 IU/1 for serum). That study used capillary
      tubes to collect microliter amounts of GCF. Since invasive collection techniques
      can influence GCF flow, we evaluated LDH activity in GCF collected by filter
      strips. GCF was collected in a standardized fashion from 10 subjects with mild
      inflammation (GI = 0.5-1.0) and 10 subjects without evidence of gingival
      inflammation (GI = 0). Our results indicate that LDH volume activity was greater
      for subjects with GI = 0 (means = 105,529 IU/1) than for subjects with GI = 0.5
      1.0 (means = 77,661 IU/1), but the difference was not significant. LDH total unit
      activity was significantly greater in subjects with GI = 0.5-1.0 versus GI = 0
      (means = 0.048 IU versus means = 0.0242 IU, P less than 0.0001). The relationship
      of LDH volume activity to GCF volume, the regression lines fit to the data, and
      calculation of LDH total unit activity were important for analysis of enzyme
      activity in GCF.

PMID- 3882771
TI  - Cell processes in dentin tubules during early phases of attachment to
      demineralized periodontitis-affected surfaces.
AB  - This report details some preliminary observations regarding cell morphology and
      behavior during early phases of in vivo attachment to demineralized surfaces.
      Rectangular dentin specimens prepared from beneath calculus-covered areas of root
      surfaces were treated with citric acid and implanted vertically into the skin of
      rats such that one end of the implant protruded above the skin. The implants were
      removed after 1 day and the dentin surface - connective tissue interface examined
      using scanning electron microscopy. A dynamic series of biological events seemed
      to be in progress. Numerous cells were attached to the dentinal root surface.
      Cell processes extended a considerable distance along the root surface and into
      dentin tubules. Cell processes in dentin tubules are discussed.

PMID- 3882772
TI  - Periodontics. The past. Part (I). Early sources.

PMID- 3882773
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of pentoxifylline with special reference to its
      hemorrheologic effect for the treatment of intermittent claudication.

PMID- 3882774
TI  - A double-blind comparison of clovoxamine and amitriptyline in the treatment of
      depressed outpatients.
AB  - Forty-two outpatients with major depression were treated in a 4-week double-blind
      parallel-group comparison of the new antidepressant clovoxamine--a member of
      oximethers of aralkylketones--with amitriptyline. The two drugs were comparable
      in efficacy, although because of the small sample size a moderate clinical
      difference between treatments may not have been detected. The magnitude of
      unwanted effects also was comparable, but clovoxamine produced fewer
      "anticholinergic" effects; this was determined by patient complaints of typical
      anticholinergic symptoms, by decreased salivary flow, and by a new signal
      detection memory test.

PMID- 3882775
TI  - The altered cast procedure.

PMID- 3882776
TI  - Evidence for proctolin-like substances in the central nervous system of the leech
      Hirudo medicinalis.
AB  - The distribution of proctolin-like immunoreactive (PLI) cells was mapped in the
      central nervous system of the leech Hirudo medicinalis. In segmental ganglia, PLI
      cells can be divided into two groups: cells that stain repeatedly in every
      successive ganglion, and cells that stain only in specific segmental ganglia. The
      number of PLI cells, therefore, ranged from eight to 20 cells per ganglion. One
      bilateral pair of PLI cells (cells PLI-1) was further characterized
      morphologically by Lucifer yellow and horseradish peroxidase cell injections.
      Cell PLI-1 conforms in soma position, morphology, and physiological properties
      with cell 101, which has been previously classified as an inhibitory motoneuron
      to the flattener muscles. A locust bioassay (O'Shea and Adams, Science 213:567
      569, 1981) was used to detect the presence of proctolin-like bioactivity.
      Extracts of leech ganglia when applied to the extensor tibialis muscle of the
      locust leg induced a proctolin-like response similar to the responses induced by
      proctolin standards. This work extends the finding of proctolin-like substances
      to the annelid phylum.

PMID- 3882777
TI  - Ultrastructural study of cholecystokinin-immunoreactive cells and processes in
      area CA1 of the rat hippocampus.
AB  - We used light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical methods to examine the
      structure of neuronal perikarya and processes containing cholecystokinin-like
      immunoreactivity (CCK-IR) in area CA1 of the rat hippocampus. The morphology of
      stained perikarya, their positions within all laminae, and the orientation of
      their dendrites indicate that CCK-IR is located in interneurons. These cells were
      seen in the electron microscope to have deeply folded nuclei and to receive both
      symmetric and asymmetric synaptic junctions on their cell somata and dendritic
      shafts. Their dendrites are essentially spine-free, but form bulges at the site
      of some asymmetric synaptic junctions. Axonal varicosities containing CCK-IR make
      symmetric synaptic junctions with cell somata and dendritic shafts of both
      pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons. In addition, CCK-IR varicosities form
      symmetric junctions with unstained non-pyramidal neurons and with CCK-IR cells,
      suggesting either recurrent innervation of one cell on itself or interaction
      between interneurons. The presence of CCK-IR varicosities and synaptic junctions
      on pyramidal cells is in agreement with physiological data which indicate that
      CCK has a direct postsynaptic action. The observation of CCK-IR varicosities
      forming synaptic junctions on non-pyramidal cells suggests that CCK might also
      modify the response of interneurons.

PMID- 3882778
TI  - The vasopressinergic innervation of the brain in normal and castrated rats.
AB  - A detailed description is given of the distribution of vasopressin-immunoreactive
      structures in the brain of intact adult male rats. By application of a modified
      immunocytochemical procedure, vasopressin-immunoreactive fibers were detected in
      many new areas. In adult male rats which were castrated 15 weeks before death,
      vasopressin-immunoreactive cell bodies had disappeared from the bed nucleus of
      the stria terminalis and the medial amygdaloid nucleus. No obvious changes were
      found in vasopressin-immunoreactive cell bodies in other areas. Furthermore, a
      very strong reduction was seen in the density of vasopressin-immunoreactive
      fibers in the olfactory tubercle, nucleus of the diagonal band and its immediate
      surroundings, ventral pallidum, basal nucleus of Meynert, lateral septum,
      septofimbrial nucleus, ventral hippocampal formation, amygdaloid area, pre- and
      supramammillary nucleus, supramammillary decussation, (inter)dorsomedial,
      parafascicular, and ventral aspect of paraventricular thalamic nuclei, zona
      incerta, lateral habenular nucleus, ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra,
      periventricular gray, dorsal and median raphe nucleus, and locus coeruleus. No
      changes were observed in other areas containing vasopressin-immunoreactive
      fibers. These changes following gonadectomy were not observed in castrated rats
      which had been treated with testosterone. The results suggest that vasopressin
      projections from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and possibly from the
      medial amygdaloid nucleus require the presence of gonadal hormones for their
      normal appearance. This is in contrast to pathways arising from the hypothalamic
      vasopressin-producing nuclei, which fail to show obvious changes following
      castration.

PMID- 3882779
TI  - Histopathological lesions in the pancreas of the BB Wistar rat as a function of
      age and duration of diabetes.
AB  - Pancreatic histopathology was studied in 121 BBWd, 43 BBWnd, and 33 Wistar rats.
      Insulitis was the most common inflammatory lesion in both BBW and BBWnd rats. The
      incidence was inversely associated with age and with duration of diabetes in BBWd
      rats, but there was no age-related pattern in BBWnd rats. Small end-stage islets
      were typical of BBWd rats but were not seen in BBWnd rats. Several BBWd rats
      showed hyperplastic islets months after the onset of diabetes, a pattern that is
      also seen in a small percentage of human JOD patients. Several non-specific
      exocrine inflammatory lesions occurred in both BBWd and BBWnd rats: acute and/or
      chronic pancreatitis, eosinophilic infiltrates, granulomatous lesions and acute
      and/or chronic interstitial inflammation. Only chronic interstitial inflammation
      was seen in outbred Wistar rats.

PMID- 3882780
TI  - Eosinophilic panniculitis.
AB  - A patient is described who developed sore throat, palpable purpura, and a
      distinctive panniculitis. The pathologic alterations in the subcutis were similar
      to what Wells described in the dermis as eosinophilic cellulitis. In our
      experience the presence of such a picture primarily in the subcutis is unique.
      Streptococcus is implicated as a possible antigenic stimulus for the process in
      this patient.

PMID- 3882781
TI  - Antinuclear antibodies as indicators for the procainamide-induced systemic lupus
      erythematosus-like syndrome and its clinical presentations.
AB  - Fifty patients on a regimen of procainamide were studied in regard to the
      association between antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and the development of drug
      induced systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like syndrome. Four groups were
      identified: Group 1 was ANA-positive, with clinical manifestations (serologic and
      clinical findings); Group 2 was ANA-positive, without clinical manifestations
      (serologic findings only); Group 3 was ANA negative (no patients with clinical
      manifestations); and Group 4 had SLE persisting after discontinuance of
      procainamide. The leukocyte-specific ANA (LSANA) patterns were predominant, with
      peripheral LSANA confined to Groups 1 and 4. Furthermore, the titer of the
      homogeneous LSANA, to which peripheral LSANA converts on dilution, was clinically
      significant. A homogeneous LSANA titer of 160 or greater was seen essentially
      only in patients with clinical manifestations of the SLE-like syndrome. Serial
      ANA determinations are therefore necessary to monitor patients receiving
      procainamide.

PMID- 3882782
TI  - Ofuji's disease: high circulating titers of IgG and IgM directed to basal cell
      cytoplasm.
AB  - A patient with Ofuji's eosinophilic pustulosis and peculiar immunofluorescence
      findings is described. High titers of circulating IgG and IgM have been found
      directed to the cytoplasm of the basal cells of epidermis and the outer sheath of
      hair follicles. Such antibodies appear to be related to the course of the
      disease.

PMID- 3882783
TI  - Effect of anatomic region on immunofluorescence diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid.
AB  - Forty-six patients with clinical and histologic criteria of bullous pemphigoid,
      and on whom direct immunofluorescence testing had been done, were analyzed by
      anatomic region of the lesions and by the region from which the
      immunofluorescence biopsy specimens were taken. One third of immunofluorescence
      tests from the lower extremities were negative, compared with only 3% from all
      other areas. The possible reasons for this result are discussed. The lower
      extremity should probably be avoided as a biopsy site for immunofluorescence in
      bullous pemphigoid.

PMID- 3882784
TI  - Evaluation of methods for detection of anticentromere antibodies and other
      antinuclear antibodies.
AB  - Our immunologic studies of twenty-five patients with acrosclerosis with severe
      acral involvement, twenty-seven patients with most or all of the signs of CREST
      syndrome, twenty-two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus as positive
      controls, and ninety-one blood donors as negative controls centered on an
      evaluation of eight antigenic substrates, including four types of human cells for
      the detection of anticentromere antibodies (ACA) and other antinuclear antibodies
      (ANA). The ACA, which occurred only among the patients with most or all of the
      signs of CREST syndrome, could be detected reliably on human cell lines HEp-2 and
      KB but not on a mouse cell line or on the three types of tissue sections
      examined. Comparisons of human HEp-2 and KB cell lines from four sources
      indicated that HEp-2 cells are the best of the substrates tested for detection of
      ACA. Since rodent tissue sections give negative reactions with ACA, they are
      indicated for confirmation. In general, results varied with the type and source
      of antigen used. Thus ANA findings need to be expressed not only in terms of the
      titers of the antibodies and the pattern(s) of their reactions but also in terms
      of the type of antigen or substrate used, its source, and the diagnostic
      significance of findings in the given test system.

PMID- 3882785
TI  - Cutaneous mercury granuloma. A clinicopathologic study and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Cutaneous mercury granulomas are rarely encountered. Clinically they pose
      difficulty in diagnosis when there is no clear history of penetrating injury by
      objects containing metallic mercury. Histologic, chemical, and scanning electron
      microscopic studies of such cutaneous lesions were performed on four cases from
      the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology files. Reported cases from the literature
      were reviewed. Metallic mercury in tissue sections appears as dark, opaque
      globules, usually spherical in shape and of varying sizes and numbers. A zone of
      collagen necrosis often surrounds the mercury globules. A granulomatous foreign
      body-giant cell reaction and a mixed inflammatory cellular infiltrate composed of
      neutrophils, lymphocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells, and occasional eosinophils
      are usually present. Epidermal and dermal necrosis, with or without ulceration or
      pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, is also a common finding. The gold lysis test
      and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis confirmed the presence of metallic mercury
      in the tissue. Following cutaneous injury from mercury, systemic toxicity may
      develop and death may even occur. An approach to clinical management is
      discussed.

PMID- 3882786
TI  - High-dose chemotherapy with autologous marrow transplantation for malignant
      melanoma. Case reports and literature review.
AB  - Present-day therapy for disseminated malignant melanoma is unsatisfactory;
      chemotherapy offers a small fraction of patients a short-lived palliative effect.
      Evidence exists to suggest more responses to chemotherapy could occur if dosages
      of chemotherapeutic agents were increased. The dosages of many chemotherapeutic
      agents used for melanoma are limited by myelotoxicity of the drugs. Autologous
      bone marrow transplantation offers a means to escalate chemotherapeutic dosages
      by shortening the period of life-threatening marrow toxicity to a survivable
      length of time. A review of 103 cases of melanoma treated with high-dose
      chemotherapy and autologous marrow rescue plus two cases reported here revealed
      that 48% of patients responded to therapy and 34% of those were complete
      responses. The exact role this technic will play in management of disseminated
      malignant melanoma requires further study.

PMID- 3882787
TI  - Carl Joseph Sebastian Herzog (1885-1980).

PMID- 3882788
TI  - Computed tomography of nontuberculous spinal infection.
AB  - The CT findings in 16 patients with nontuberculous spinal infections were
      reviewed. The specificity of certain CT features as well as the usefulness of
      intravenous contrast medium administration are discussed. The associated clinical
      presentations and predisposing factors are outlined. Emphasis is placed on a
      combined clinical, radiographic approach in facilitating an early diagnosis.

PMID- 3882789
TI  - CT diagnosis of idiopathic aneurysms of the thoracic systemic veins.
AB  - Three patients with idiopathic aneurysms of the superior vena cava, left
      innominate vein, and inferior vena cava are presented. The advantages of CT over
      other diagnostic modalities are discussed.

PMID- 3882790
TI  - Delineation of nevus cell nests in inflammatory infiltrates by
      immunohistochemical staining for the presence of S100 protein.
AB  - Fifteen halo nevi were stained for the presence of S100 protein by an unlabelled
      antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. S100 protein was clearly identifiable
      within nevus cell nests in the inflammatory infiltrate. The presence of this
      substance helped to identify nevus cells in dense inflammatory infiltrates and
      confirm the histologic diagnosis of halo nevus.

PMID- 3882791
TI  - The value of carcinoembryonic antigen in differentiating sclerosing epithelial
      hamartoma from syringoma.
AB  - We examined 4 cases of sclerosing epithelial hamartoma for the presence of
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by the unlabelled antibody peroxidase
      antiperoxidase method but could not detect CEA in these lesions. Because
      syringomas contain CEA, the detection of this antigen is a useful marker for
      differentiating sclerosing epithelial hamartomas from syringomas.

PMID- 3882792
TI  - Analysis of covariance in caries clinical trials using groupings of teeth.
AB  - An empirical investigation was carried out on data from four caries clinical
      trials of subjects who were initially 11 to 12 years old. The three baseline
      variables suggested by Adkins (1977), as possibly being related to caries
      increment, were each calculated on specific groupings of teeth, and these were
      then considered as predictor variables for the dependent variable, caries
      increment. A gain in efficiency of approximately 20% was obtained when an
      analysis of covariance was used with these predictor variables, over a
      straightforward analysis of variance. However, this was only slightly more
      efficient than using baseline DMFS as a covariable. This investigation did not
      support the results of initial work done by Adkins (1977).

PMID- 3882793
TI  - Glycylprolyl dipeptidylaminopeptidase from Bacteroides gingivalis.
AB  - Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase activity was found in the culture medium of Bacteroides
      gingivalis 381. The enzyme, hydrolyzing glycylprolyl-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide,
      was purified 750-fold from culture medium by ammonium sulfate precipitation,
      Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, and DEAE Bio Gel A column chromatography. The
      molecular weight, determined by gel filtration, was approximately 160,000. The
      isoelectric point of the enzyme, estimated by isoelectric focusing using
      polyacrylamide disk gel electrophoresis, was about pH 6.2. The optimum pH of the
      enzyme was about 8.0, and the Km value was 0.05 mM. The enzyme activity was
      strongly inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride and
      diisopropylfluorophosphate. The purified enzyme specifically cleaved glycylprolyl
      dipeptide from partially digested type I collagen.

PMID- 3882794
TI  - The prevalence and significance of yeasts in persons wearing complete dentures
      with soft-lining materials.
AB  - Fifty-three persons wearing soft-lined mandibular dentures and heat-cured acrylic
      resin maxillary dentures were studied, using imprint cultures, to determine the
      isolation frequency and density of colonization of denture and mucosal surfaces
      by yeasts. Yeasts were isolated from 35 (66%) of the persons studied. Nine
      species of Candida and one each of Trichosporon and Saccharomyces were
      identified. Candida albicans, occurring either alone or together with another
      strain, was identified in 66% of the isolates and was associated with a higher
      mean density/cm2 than that of other strains. An association between the method of
      denture cleaning, denture hygiene, and smoking habits and the isolation of yeasts
      was demonstrated, but a similar association could not be demonstrated with the
      sex of the person, denture-wearing habits, type and condition of the soft lining,
      or the clinical appearance of the mandibular denture-bearing mucosa. Although
      yeasts are more likely to colonize soft-lining materials than the fitting surface
      of conventional lower dentures, their presence did not significantly affect the
      soft-lining material. Further, the increased isolation of yeasts on the fitting
      surface of the soft-lined mandibular denture was not associated with an increased
      incidence of inflammatory changes in the mandibular denture-bearing mucosa.

PMID- 3882795
TI  - The effect of five-year storage prior to bonding on enamel/composite bond
      strength.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of pre-bonding storage
      durations on the shear strength of light-cured composite bonded to enamel. Thirty
      whole extracted human molars--12 with a storage time of five years, 12 with a
      storage time of three or fewer months, and six with a storage time of 24 hours or
      less--were mounted in improved dental stone in copper tubing. The molars were
      faced 90 degrees to the horizontal with a milling device to produce 120 surfaces,
      48 each for two groups, and 24 for one group. Composite buttons 2.3 mm in
      diameter were bonded to the enamel using the acid-etch light-curing system. The
      samples were tested in shear utilizing a cross-head speed of 0.5 cm/min with a
      500-kg load cell. The results showed that: there was no significant difference,
      at the 0.05 confidence level, in composite/enamel bond strength between teeth
      stored for 24 hours, three months, and five years prior to bonding; the lingual
      surface developed the highest composite/enamel bond strength in all three groups;
      and enamel fracture occurred 29% of the time on de-bonding.

PMID- 3882796
TI  - Thermal stress failure of porcelain bonded to a palladium-silver alloy.
AB  - Cracking or rupturing, due to thermal stress, of porcelain bonded to a palladium
      silver alloy indicated that porcelain-metal thermal compatibility was dependent
      on: the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the porcelain and metal;
      the geometry and dimensions of the samples; and the porcelain-metal thickness
      ratio. A spherical configuration was more sensitive to thermal expansion
      coefficient differences than was a disc configuration. A higher incidence of
      cracking resulted from an increase in both specimen size and porcelain-metal
      thickness ratio.

PMID- 3882797
TI  - Malignant melanoma prognostic factors 7: elective lymph node dissection.
AB  - Every prospective study published to date, whether randomized or nonrandomized,
      shows that the survival rate for patients with clinical stage I melanoma is the
      same, irrespective of whether they have an elective lymph node dissection (ELND).
      All the studies that purport to show a survival benefit from ELND have been based
      on retrospective data and are therefore subject to selection bias. Nevertheless,
      the data support the notion that there may be a small, select group of melanoma
      patients whose lives can be saved by ELND. This subgroup is made up of those
      patients who have epithelioid in small nests (ESN) melanomas. In the early stages
      of its evolution, this type of malignant melanoma metastasizes to regional lymph
      nodes and often does not have coexistent distant metastases. Other types of
      melanomas, when they metastasize, either bypass the lymph nodes or metastasize to
      the lymph node and simultaneously send distant metastases elsewhere, nullifying
      the anticipated benefit from an ELND. We encourage dermatologists, when they have
      a choice, to be supportive of those surgeons who have a choice, to be supportive
      of those surgeons who are actively participating in ongoing randomized trials
      designed to select patients who might benefit from ELND.

PMID- 3882798
TI  - International dermatosurgery: eyelid surgery (Part I).

PMID- 3882799
TI  - Wound healing 1985: an update.
AB  - The past decade has given rise to significant advances in our knowledge of the
      wound-healing process. Work performed by basic scientific investigators and
      clinical researchers has resulted in new insights into certain biologic-aspects
      of wound healing. The thoughtful application of some of these findings has led to
      the development of modern, physiologically sound wound-healing products and
      improved patient care.

PMID- 3882800
TI  - Hair transplantation.
AB  - The history of hair transplantation and its recent developments are reviewed. The
      procedures, risks and benefits, avoidance of complications, and treatment of
      sequelae are discussed.

PMID- 3882801
TI  - Psychophysics of vibrotactile stimulation.
AB  - The effects of a wide range of stimulus parameters upon the psychophysical
      responses of subjects are important to an understanding of the functional
      characteristics of neural systems that underlie responses to cutaneous mechanical
      stimulation and the interactions that may occur between these systems. This
      understanding may also be useful to design considerations in the development of
      devices for tactile communication. This paper begins with a brief description of
      the two major systems in terms of psychophysical measurements and then focuses on
      a more detailed examination of possible interactions between them. The effects of
      time and space variables, such as frequency, temporal and intensity relationships
      between stimuli, area of stimulation, and surface gradients on the skin, are
      considered.

PMID- 3882802
TI  - Tactile pattern perception and its perturbations.
AB  - One of the problems encountered in conveying information to the skin by means of
      vibratory patterns is that presenting patterns, such as letters of the alphabet,
      in close spatial and temporal proximity, may result in considerable masking.
      Generally, there is more interference when the masking stimulus follows the
      target (backward masking) than when it precedes it (forward masking). Masking has
      also been demonstrated with vibrotactile patterns derived from speech signals.
      Masking may be reduced by increasing the temporal and spatial separation between
      patterns; however, other problems may arise when such separations are made.
      Because stimulus onset asynchrony appears to be the critical temporal dimension
      for masking, it may prove difficult to reduce masking by increasing the temporal
      separation between patterns without also reducing the rate at which the patterns
      are presented. Increasing the spatial separation between patterns may lead to
      problems in combining the patterns from spatially distinct sites on the skin.
      This latter difficulty may be due to problems in attending to several sites of
      stimulation simultaneously.

PMID- 3882803
TI  - Super-resolution ultrasonic imaging by using adaptive focusing.
AB  - In this paper, a new super-resolution ultrasonic imaging method is proposed. In
      this method, a set of reflected wave field data from an object is acquired by
      repeating the transmission and reception for all pairs of transducers on the
      array, then from these data the object-dependent adaptive focusing is performed
      in order to illuminate the desired points on the object at a constant level, and
      simultaneously, distributing nulls over the other regions of the object to
      suppress the signal. Image reconstruction is performed by scanning the adaptive
      focusing beam patterns over the object region and receiving the reflected wave
      field for this adaptive illumination. These procedures are carried out
      numerically by manipulating the acquired wave field data matrix and no actual
      beam scanning is required. Since the focusing is performed adaptively, the
      resolution of this method is much better than that of the extended two
      dimensional maximum entropy method [Yokota and Sato, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech
      Signal Process. (April 1984)] and the active incoherent method [Yokota and Sato,
      Acoustical Imaging (Plenum, New York, 1982, Vol. 12; Yokota et al., J. Acoust.
      Soc. Am. (submitted)] for objects with fairly localized dominant reflecting
      regions. The effectiveness of the method is shown by numerical analysis and
      experimental results.

PMID- 3882804
TI  - Control of rate and duration of speech movements.
AB  - A computerized pulsed-ultrasound system was used to monitor tongue dorsum
      movements during the production of consonant-vowel sequences in which speech
      rate, vowel, and consonant were varied. The kinematics of tongue movement were
      analyzed by measuring the lowering gesture of the tongue to give estimates of
      movement amplitude, duration, and maximum velocity. All three subjects in the
      study showed reliable correlations between the amplitude of the tongue dorsum
      movement and its maximum velocity. Further, the ratio of the maximum velocity to
      the extent of the gesture, a kinematic indicator of articulator stiffness, was
      found to vary inversely with the duration of the movement. This relationship held
      both within individual conditions and across all conditions in the study such
      that a single function was able to accommodate a large proportion of the variance
      due to changes in movement duration. As similar findings have been obtained both
      for abduction and adduction gestures of the vocal folds and for rapid voluntary
      limb movements, the data suggest that a wide range of changes in the duration of
      individual movements might all have a similar origin. The control of movement
      rate and duration through the specification of biomechanical characteristics of
      speech articulators is discussed.

PMID- 3882805
TI  - A survey of health effects studies of photochemical air pollution in Japan.

PMID- 3882806
TI  - Posterior composite resins. A critical review.

PMID- 3882807
TI  - Correlates of adult and child perceptions of social competency.
AB  - In this study, the relationship between two commonly used measures of social
      competency, peer ratings of perceived status and adult ratings of assertiveness,
      were examined. In Phase I, high and low sociometric status children were
      videotaped responding to a series of role-play scenes; performance on these
      scenes was then rated retrospectively by adults for overall assertiveness. In
      Phase II, a second group of children who were unfamiliar with the videotaped
      children observed the taped scenes and provided ratings of likability,
      intelligence, working together, and attractiveness. In general, results revealed
      that children and adults differed in their ratings of the videotaped children.
      Further, boys used different cues in their ratings than did girls. More
      specifically, the sociometric status of girls was related to perceived
      attractiveness, whereas the sociometric status of boys was more closely related
      to perceived intelligence. Such findings suggest that children and adults look
      for and use different cues in their judgments. Given these differences, it is
      concluded that child and adult ratings should not be used interchangeably in the
      assessment of, and evaluation of, social competency in children.

PMID- 3882808
TI  - The initial social encounters of high and low social effectiveness school-aged
      children.
AB  - The initial social encounters of 30 pairs of unacquainted high/high, high/low,
      and low/low popularity status third- and fourth-grade boys and girls were
      observed in an analogue free-play setting. Pairwise comparisons revealed that the
      dyads did not differ according to pairing on the exchange of global play
      information. The low/low popularity dyads, as compared to the high/high and the
      high/low popularity dyads, exchanged significantly less personal information as
      indexed by both the patterns and the content of personal information exchange.
      Analyses revealed no differences between the high/high and high/low dyads on the
      patterns and content of personal information exchange. However, as compared to
      the high/high dyads, the high/low dyads and the low/low dyads were less likely to
      evidence a pattern of initial steps in their social encounters that began with
      greeting and introduction and that was followed by the exchange of play
      information. The observations of the high/high dyads were considered as a model
      for developing social skills training programs designed to facilitate
      acquaintanceship development, and the need for further research on the processes
      underlying peer pairing and the components of social skillfulness was discussed.

PMID- 3882809
TI  - The presidents. Frank Monroe Casto 1934-1935.

PMID- 3882810
TI  - Reconstruction of a mandible after shotgun trauma: report of case.
AB  - A case of massive facial trauma secondary to a shotgun injury has been presented.
      The method for managing soft tissue and bony defects incurred is discussed, and a
      method for reconstruction of the mandible with both an alloplastic implant and
      autogenous bone graft is detailed.

PMID- 3882811
TI  - Temporomandibular joint internal derangements and associated neuromuscular
      disorders.

PMID- 3882812
TI  - A randomized study comparing propranolol and diltiazem in the treatment of
      unstable angina.
AB  - One hundred consecutive patients hospitalized in the coronary care unit for
      unstable angina, excluding patients with Prinzmetal's variant angina, were
      randomized within 24 hours of admission to treatment with diltiazem (50 patients)
      or propranolol (50 patients). Also excluded were patients with previous coronary
      artery bypass surgery and those receiving a beta-receptor blocking agent at the
      time of hospital admission. Left ventricular function and the extent of coronary
      artery disease were similar in the two groups. During the hospital stay, the
      number of chest pain episodes decreased from a mean (+/- SD) of 0.75 +/- 0.1 per
      patient per day to 0.26 +/- 0.07 (p less than 0.05) with diltiazem and 0.29 +/-
      0.1 (p less than 0.05) with propranolol therapy. The circadian distribution of
      chest pain episodes was affected similarly. After 1 month, 14 of the patients
      treated with diltiazem were symptom-free compared with 13 treated with
      propranolol. At a mean follow-up time of 5.1 months (range 1 to 15), death had
      occurred in two patients in each group and myocardial infarction in five
      diltiazem- and four propranolol-treated patients (difference not significant).
      Coronary artery bypass surgery had been performed in 21 diltiazem- and 19
      propranolol-treated patients (difference not significant). Only 15 patients were
      symptom-free, 9 treated with diltiazem and 6 with propranolol. This similar
      result observed with the two forms of treatment suggests that coronary artery
      spasm may not be the main factor involved in unstable angina when Prinzmetal's
      variant angina is excluded. It also suggests that diltiazem can be used as an
      alternative to the usual treatment with beta-receptor blocking drugs.

PMID- 3882813
TI  - The future of cardiovascular imaging: a shift from anatomy to in vivo
      biochemistry.

PMID- 3882814
TI  - Afterload mismatch in aortic and mitral valve disease: implications for surgical
      therapy.
AB  - In the management of patients with valvular heart disease, an understanding of
      the effects of altered loading conditions on the left ventricle is important in
      reaching a proper decision concerning the timing of corrective operation. In
      acquired valvular aortic stenosis, concentric hypertrophy generally maintains
      left ventricular chamber size and ejection fraction within normal limits, but in
      late stage disease function can deteriorate as preload reserve is lost and aortic
      stenosis progresses. In this setting, even when the ejection fraction is markedly
      reduced (less than 25%), it can improve to normal after aortic valve replacement,
      suggesting that afterload mismatch rather than irreversibly depressed myocardial
      contractility was responsible for left ventricular failure. Therefore, patients
      with severe aortic stenosis and symptoms should not be denied operation because
      of impaired cardiac function. In chronic severe aortic and mitral regurgitation,
      operation is generally recommended when symptoms are present, but whether to
      recommend operation to prevent irreversible myocardial damage in patients with
      few or no symptoms has remained controversial. In aortic regurgitation, left
      ventricular function generally improves postoperatively, even if it is moderately
      impaired preoperatively, indicating correction of afterload mismatch. Most such
      patients can be carefully followed by echocardiography. However, in some
      patients, severe left ventricular dysfunction fails to improve postoperatively.
      Therefore, when echocardiographic studies in the patient with severe aortic
      regurgitation show an ejection fraction of less than 40% (fractional shortening
      less than 25%) plus enlarging left ventricular end-diastolic diameter
      (approaching 38 mm/m2 body surface area) and end-systolic diameter (approaching
      50 mm or 26 mm/m2), confirmation of these findings by cardiac catheterization and
      consideration of operation are advisable even in patients with minimal symptoms.
      In chronic mitral regurgitation, maintenance of a normal ejection fraction can
      mask depressed myocardial contractility. Pre- and postoperative studies in such
      patients have shown a poor clinical result after mitral valve replacement,
      associated with a sharp decrease in the ejection fraction after operation. This
      response appears to reflect unmasking of decreased myocardial contractility by
      mitral valve replacement, with ejection of the total stroke volume into the high
      impedance of the aorta (afterload mismatch produced by operation).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3882816
TI  - Adolescent hallux valgus: its etiology and surgical management.
AB  - Although most patients who seek relief are adults, the problem of hallux valgus
      frequently begins at an earlier age. In the juvenile patient, except for
      congenital anomalies or inflammatory juvenile rheumatic disease, hallux abducto
      valgus appears to be related to the biochemical malfunction. It requires not only
      surgical management, but also the use of orthotics or surgical stabilization.

PMID- 3882815
TI  - Asynchronous (segmental early) relaxation of the left ventricle.
AB  - Segmental early relaxation, a form of left ventricular asynchrony, refers to
      lengthening of a myocardial segment before mitral valve opening. This phenomenon
      may occur in normal and diseased hearts; when it is seen in a diseased ventricle
      it may occur in either the abnormally contracting segment or the normal segment.
      Experimental data indicate that altered loading conditions, especially nonuniform
      distribution of load or functional inhomogeneities (as may occur with regional
      ischemia), or both, may result in asynchronous relaxation of the left ventricle.

PMID- 3882817
TI  - Nonunions and delayed unions.
AB  - Nonunions are always possible after fracture reductions or osteotomies, and there
      are two basic theories of treatment. The authors discuss the various aspects of
      nonunions and the methods of treating them.

PMID- 3882818
TI  - Praise elders to help them learn.

PMID- 3882819
TI  - The life and death of a field experiment: a case study of health care research in
      a hostile environment.
AB  - This paper discusses the effects of powerful confounding events on the evaluation
      of an innovative health care payment program--an experiment with capitation
      payment for pharmacy services for Medicaid recipients. The research, conducted at
      the University of Iowa from 1975 to 1982, used a sophisticated experimental
      design; it was funded by the National Center for Health Services Research, the
      Health Care Financing Administration, and the State of Iowa, representing an
      investment of over two million dollars. Despite this investment, and the interest
      of many at the national level, events in the research environment during this
      period may well have distorted the conclusions of the research. Thus this case
      study highlights the problems of conducting evaluation research, particularly
      social experiments, on innovative programs perceived as threatening to the status
      quo.

PMID- 3882820
TI  - State responses to the malpractice insurance "crisis" of the 1970s: an empirical
      assessment.
AB  - Almost all states enacted legislation in response to the rapid rise in
      malpractice insurance premiums which occurred during the mid-1970s. After
      describing the types of statutory changes enacted, this study evaluates the
      influence of these changes on levels and growth of premiums paid by general
      practitioners, ophthalmologists, and orthopedic surgeons during 1974-78. The
      empirical results of the study presented here give no indication that individual
      state legislative actions, or actions taken collectively, had their intended
      effects on premiums. Several explanations for this result are explored.

PMID- 3882821
TI  - State rate-setting and its effects on the cost of nursing-home care.
AB  - The paper uses data from nursing-home cost reports to analyze the effectiveness
      of different approaches to nursing-home reimbursement. Our research has produced
      considerable evidence on the effect of states' efforts to reduce the rate of
      increase in nursing-home costs. First, homes in states with flat-rate
      reimbursement systems were found to have lower rates of increase than homes in
      other states, while there were no consistent differences between the results of
      prospective and retrospective systems. Second, efficiency incentives, inflation
      projection methods, and the level of ceilings on rates appear to be very
      important, regardless of the general reimbursement method. For example,
      prospective systems with weak efficiency incentives, generous inflation
      adjustments, and high percentile ceilings have lesser cost-containment effects
      than prospective systems with stringent inflation allowances and low percentile
      ceilings. There is also evidence that the inherent weakness of the cost
      containment incentives in retrospective systems can be offset by low percentile
      ceilings and efficiency bonuses.

PMID- 3882822
TI  - Probable future funding priorities in maternal and child health: a modified
      Delphi National Survey.
AB  - Recent enactment of program consolidation block grants proposed by the Reagan
      administration has left many observers of public health services wondering about
      the impact of such a change on categorical programs in maternal and child health
      (MCH). This study first presents predictions about the future of 23 specific MCH
      services, derived from a modified Delphi Survey of MCH experts, and then examines
      the implications of these predictions for future public health.

PMID- 3882823
TI  - The Coronary Artery Surgery Study: a critical review.

PMID- 3882824
TI  - Major changes in health care for older Hoosiers.

PMID- 3882825
TI  - Thomas B. Harvey and Lotta Guffin, painter.

PMID- 3882826
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of smooth muscle myosin in normal human tissues.
AB  - Immunohistochemical localization of smooth muscle myosin, an immunologically
      distinct contractile protein, was achieved using rabbit anti-human uterine smooth
      muscle myosin antibodies. In immunodiffusion studies and in cryostat sections,
      these antibodies were highly specific and reacted with smooth muscle myosin but
      not with platelet, skeletal muscle, or cardiac muscle myosin. To evaluate
      comprehensively the structural profile of smooth muscle elements in normal human
      tissues, an indirect immunoperoxidase technique (peroxidase-antiperoxidase) was
      applied to a wide variety of specimens. Parallel studies comparing cryostat
      sections with fixed (10% formalin, B5, Bouin's, or Zenker's solution) paraffin
      embedded tissues revealed optimal immunoreactivity, sensitivity, and specificity
      of staining for smooth muscle myosin using frozen tissues. Strong
      immunoreactivity was present in muscular tissues such as blood vessels and the
      muscularis of gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. Distinct delineation of
      smooth muscle elements, including individual smooth muscle cells, and their
      specific patterns of alignment and organization, were observed, e.g., cells
      comprising the muscularis mucosae and extending into the lamina propria of the
      gastrointestinal tract, and myoepithelial cells of skin, exocrine glands, and
      breast. This method provides excellent morphologic preservation and readily
      permits unambiguous identification of individual cells containing smooth muscle
      myosin.

PMID- 3882828
TI  - Failure of bone marrow cells to reconstitute T cell immunity in graft-vs-host
      mice.
AB  - A chronic GVH reaction (detected by T cell immune deficiency) was induced in
      unirradiated, adult (C57BL/10 X B10.A)F1 mice by injecting them i.v. with 3 X
      10(7) B10.A parental spleen cells. Thirty-four days later, attempts were made to
      reconstitute the GVH immune-deficient mice by whole-body irradiation and
      repopulation with bone marrow cells from normal syngeneic F1 mice. The
      reconstituted mice were tested for CTL responses 147 and 272 days after
      repopulation with normal F1 bone marrow. These GVH/chimera mice remained
      immunoincompetent for at least 272 days for CTL responses to hapten-self and H-2
      allogeneic antigens.

PMID- 3882827
TI  - Group G streptococci in healthy school-children and in patients with
      glomerulonephritis in Trinidad.
AB  - The group G streptococcus has generally not been considered a prominent pathogen.
      In a 1982 study of the colonization rate by beta-haemolytic streptococci in
      apparently healthy children, age 5-11 years, 25 of 69 isolates belonged to group
      G. This surprisingly high rate of group G colonization (14.3%) led to a
      retrospective study of school surveys in 1967 which showed that the colonization
      rate with this organism was 2.3% (range 1.3-3.5%). A review of bacitracin
      sensitive streptococcal isolates from hospital admissions of patients with acute
      glomerulonephritis (AGN), rheumatic fever, and their siblings, between January
      1967 and July 1980, was conducted. Of 1063 bacitracin-sensitive isolates, 63 were
      group G, and 52 of these were isolated from AGN patients and their siblings, i.e.
      7 from skin lesions of AGN patients, 40 from the throats of siblings and only 5
      from the skins of the siblings. The other 11 group G isolates were from rheumatic
      fever patients and their siblings. Thus, the group G colonization rate fluctuates
      in the population. The isolation of only group G streptococci from skin lesions
      of patients with AGN suggests a possible association between group G
      streptococcal pyoderma and acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3882829
TI  - Repopulation of the mouse thymus after sublethal fission neutron irradiation. II.
      Sequential changes in the thymic microenvironment.
AB  - The stromal cells of the thymus of sham-irradiated and sublethal fission neutron
      irradiated CBA/H mice were analyzed with immunohistology, using monoclonal
      antibodies directed to I-A and H-2K antigens as well as specific determinants for
      cortical and medullary stromal elements. In the control thymuses, I-A expression
      in the thymus shows a reticular staining pattern in the cortex and a confluent
      staining pattern in the medulla. In contrast, H-2K expression is mainly
      confluently located in the medulla. Whole body irradiation with 2.5 Gy fission
      neutrons reduces within 24 hr the cortex to a rim of vacuolized "nurse cell-like"
      epithelial cells, largely depleted of lymphoid cells. The localization of I-A
      antigens changes in the cortex and I-A determinants are no longer associated with
      or localized on epithelial reticular cells. Medullary stromal cells, however, are
      more or less unaffected. A high rate of phagocytosis is observed during the first
      3 days after irradiation. About 5 days after irradiation, the thymus becomes
      highly vascularized and lymphoid cells repopulate the cortex. The repopulation of
      the thymic cortex coincides with the appearance of a bright H-2K expression in
      the cortex which is associated with both stromal cells as well as lymphoid
      blasts. During the regeneration of the thymus, the thymic stromal architecture is
      restored before the expression of cell surface-associated reticular MHC staining
      patterns. The observed sequential changes in the thymic microenvironment are
      related to the lymphoid repopulation of the thymus.

PMID- 3882830
TI  - Analysis of lymphocyte proteins from New Zealand black mice by two-dimensional
      gel electrophoresis.
AB  - Splenic lymphocyte proteins from New Zealand Black (NZB) mice, which
      spontaneously develop autoimmune disease, and several control strains were
      analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A number of
      strain- and age-related differences were observed, among which was the
      persistently elevated synthesis of two peptides, 12.5 KD and 10.5 KD, by spleen
      cells from older NZB mice. Although synthesis of these peptides was moderately
      high in young NZB and control mice, it diminished with age in control mice. These
      proteins were found in the cytoplasm and were not expressed on the plasma
      membrane nor secreted into the medium. Production of these proteins was
      restricted to B and null cells; T cells did not synthesize these peptides. These
      proteins appear to be indicators of disease activity, because their increased
      synthesis was associated with lymphocyte subset alterations associated with the
      onset of overt autoimmune disease in NZB mice.

PMID- 3882831
TI  - Human epidermal cells and squamous carcinoma cells synthesize a cytokine that
      augments natural killer cell activity.
AB  - Normal as well as transformed epidermal cells (EC) have recently been reported to
      produce a cytokine--EC-derived thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF), which
      according to its biologic as well as biochemical properties is indistinguishable
      from macrophage-derived interleukin 1 (IL 1). In the present study, the effect of
      supernatants (SN) derived from normal EC and a human squamous carcinoma cell
      (SCC) line were tested for their effects on natural killer (NK) cell activity. EC
      as well as SCC-derived SN were able to augment in vitro NK cell activity of
      peripheral blood lymphocytes against K 562 cells. In contrast, adherent cell
      derived, IL 1-containing SN did not affect NK cell activity. Upon high-pressure
      liquid chromatography (HPLC) gel filtration, ETAF and the EC-derived NK cell
      activity-augmenting factor (ENKAF) exhibited a similar m.w. However, by using
      reverse-phase HPLC, ETAF and ENKAF eluted as distinct peaks of activity,
      indicating that SCC cell-derived ENKAF is different from ETAF. Furthermore, ENKAF
      does not contain interleukin 2 (IL 2) or interferon (IFN) activity. The
      enhancement of NK cell activity was dose dependent and evident after 20 hr of
      preincubation of effector cells. Pretreatment of target cells with ENKAF did not
      affect the susceptibility of the target cells. The NK activity of large granular
      lymphocytes (LGL) purified by discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation and
      further depleted of high-affinity sheep erythrocyte rosetting cells was enhanced
      by ENKAF. In contrast, no NK cell activity was expressed by LGL-depleted T cell
      populations before or after treatment with ENKAF. In a single cell cytotoxicity
      assay in agarose, the number of lymphocyte binding to K 562 was not affected by
      ENKAF, but the frequency of dead conjugated target cells and presumably of active
      killer cells was increased by pretreatment with ENKAF. Additional incubation of
      LGL with ETAF did not further increase ENKAF-mediated augmentation of NK
      activity. In contrast to ETAF, ENKAF was not chemotactic for polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes. These results indicate that normal as well as transformed EC release
      a unique cytokine--ENKAF--which augments NK cell activity of LGL but is distinct
      from ETAF, IL 2, and IFN.

PMID- 3882832
TI  - A new Tla region antigen Qa-11, similar to Qa-2 and associated with B-type beta 2
      microglobulin.
AB  - A new antigen, Qa-11, is detected as a 40,000 dalton band in the SDS-PAGE of
      immunoprecipitates of radiolabeled lymphocyte membrane preparations. In C57BL H-2
      congenic strains, its presence is controlled by a gene in the Tla region. In
      strains with genetic background other than C57BL it is not expressed. Tests with
      recombinant inbred strains and with H-3 congenic strains show that, in addition
      to the Tla region, a gene linked to or identical with the beta 2-microglobulin-b
      allele is required for the expression of Qa-11 as well. The mobility of the Qa-11
      antigen in SDS-PAGE and in isoelectrofocusing is the same as that of Qa-2
      antigen. The Cleveland peptide maps of Qa-2 and Qa-11 are identical as well. This
      finding, that the Tla region controlled Qa-11 antigen is structurally very
      similar to the Qa-2 antigen, contrasts with the fact that Tla region products do
      not react with anti-Qa-2 sera. This paradox could be explained by a separate Qa
      11 region between Qa-2 and Tla. Alternatively, it is possible that the Qa-11
      antigen is the result of the action of a modifying gene in the Tla region upon a
      Qa-2 gene product, or that the structural gene for Qa-11 is located in the Qa-2
      region and a Tla region gene controls its expression.

PMID- 3882833
TI  - In vitro natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity against Candida albicans: macrophage
      precursors as effector cells.
AB  - Bone marrow cells, cultured in L-929 CSF, consist of cells of granulocyte and
      macrophage lineages. Cells of the granulocyte lineage are known to be cytotoxic
      for Candida albicans. In this paper we report that macrophage precursor cells
      also display strong cell-mediated cytotoxicity against the yeast form of the
      dimorphic fungus C. albicans. The macrophage precursors responsible for this
      activity are nylon wool-nonadherent, nonphagocytic cells and lack asialo GM1
      surface antigen. A purified population of macrophage precursors (greater than
      95%) was obtained by means of Percoll density centrifugation. The interaction of
      these purified effectors with the target yeast cells was analyzed at a single
      cell level, and their activity was compared with that displayed by cells of the
      granulocytic series derived from the same bone marrow culture. Macrophage
      precursor cells proved to be more effective in binding the target cells and
      showed the same killing ability as the granulocytes: macrophage precursors were
      not damaged by contact with the target, in contrast to that which happened with
      granulocytes. In a long-term colony-forming unit assay, in fact, granulocytic
      cells showed a decrease over time in their ability to inhibit the growth of C.
      albicans, probably due to cell damage and death after the interaction with the
      target. In contrast, no loss of activity was observed with the macrophage
      precursor fraction. The same macrophage precursor cells also proved able to exert
      good natural killer activity against YAC-1 lymphoma cells, but not against P815
      mastocytoma cells, as reported previously. The macrophage precursor cells, when
      cultivated in vitro to mature macrophages, lost completely their natural
      cytotoxicity against C. albicans and YAC-1 cells. The implications of these
      findings, as well as the possible role in vivo of such a precursor cell
      population during an infection, are discussed.

PMID- 3882834
TI  - Frozen RPMI 8402 cells: a reliable source of terminal deoxynucleotidyl
      transferase positive control material.
AB  - A reliable source of positive control material is needed for immunoperoxidase or
      immunofluorescent terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) assays. The cell
      line RPMI 8402 was obtained from a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and
      is positive for nuclear TdT. The kinetics of TdT expression in a series of
      cultured RPMI 8402 cells and the effect of cryopreservation on TdT expression
      were evaluated. The highest percentage of TdT+ cells was detected on days 5-8 of
      RPMI 8402 cell cultures. TdT positivity was preserved for more than 3 years in
      cells stored in suspension at -70 degrees C, and at least 76 days on slide
      preparations when fixed with methanol prior to freezing. We conclude that when
      RPMI 8402 cells with maximum TdT positivity are stored at -70 degrees C, aliquots
      can be used as a constant source of positive control material thereby eliminating
      the necessity and expense of a continuing culture system.

PMID- 3882835
TI  - Immunogold staining: an alternative method for lymphocyte subset enumeration.
      Comparison with immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry.
AB  - An immunogold staining procedure for light microscopic enumeration of peripheral
      blood lymphocyte subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8,
      OKIa1, Leu 1, Leu 4, Leu 2a, Leu 3a, Leu 10, Leu 12, B1) is described. It uses
      colloidal gold-labeled goat anti-mouse Ig (GAM G40 and GAM G30) as second layer
      and a methyl-green pyronin counterstain. Performed on small volumes of blood
      without sophisticated laboratory equipment, this method allows accurate cell type
      recognition and permanent records, essential for longitudinal observations. By
      enumerating the gold particles on positively labeled cells, it was shown that the
      staining reactivity depended on the monoclonal antibody used. Lymphocytes
      reacting with OKT8 or OKIa1 or B1 exhibited the strongest labeling whereas OKT4+
      cells were weakly labeled. When compared with flow cytometry analysis in healthy
      subjects, the accuracy, precision and sensitivity of both methods were very
      similar. Similarly, a close correlation (97%) was found between immunogold
      staining and immunofluorescence microscopy in 35 patients with various diseases
      suggesting that immunogold staining may be useful in a clinical context.

PMID- 3882836
TI  - A flow cytometric method for the measurement of phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear
      leucocytes.
AB  - A new method for the measurement of phagocytosis of Candida albicans by human
      polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) is described using a fluorescence activated
      cell sorter. We have used acridine orange to discriminate between PMN which have
      internalised yeast particles and those which have not. This method allows
      accurate measurement of particle phagocytosis as an event distinct from particle
      adherence. It also permits detailed examination of the kinetics of phagocytosis,
      the study of which is likely to be of value in the investigation of diseases
      where abnormalities of PMN function are suspected.

PMID- 3882837
TI  - Inhibition of idiotype-anti-idiotype reaction in particle counting immunoassay as
      a tentative assay of IgE.
AB  - Rabbit antibodies were raised against a purified mouse monoclonal IgG1 antibody
      having specificity for the D epsilon 2 determinant of human IgE. After
      appropriate absorption this antiserum was anti-idiotype specific and was used to
      set up a particle counting immunoassay for human IgE. Latex particles coated with
      F(ab')2 fragments of the anti-idiotypic antibodies were agglutinated by the
      monoclonal anti-IgE antibody (20 ng/ml). This reaction was inhibited up to 100%
      by human IgE and the assay took 30 min to perform with a sensitivity of 40 IU/ml.
      The coefficient of correlation with a routine IgE assay was r = 0.96, and the
      mean analytical recovery tested on 10 sera was 95.8%.

PMID- 3882838
TI  - Rapid blotting of IgG to nitrocellulose with minimal IgM contamination.
AB  - A rapid method is described for the non-electrophoretic transfer of IgG from 0.5
      mm thick agarose gels to nitrocellulose. Since the agarose gels are attached to a
      solid support, the blot is unidirectional. However, 90% of the IgG is transferred
      in 10 min with no visible loss of resolution. In this procedure, less than 2% of
      the IgM antibodies are transferred from the gel to the nitrocellulose membrane.
      Therefore, this technique can be used in IgG spectrotype analysis or antigen
      specific assays without the prior removal of IgM antibodies. Approximately 5-6 h
      are needed to run the gels, blot, and develop the protein pattern with double
      antibody immunoperoxidase staining.

PMID- 3882839
TI  - Rapid screening of monoclonal antibodies by spin adherence double immunosorbent
      test (SADIST).
AB  - The spin adherence double immunosorbent test (SADIST) is a simple, rapid
      immunoassay with sensitivity similar to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA). A 1-step SADIST has been found suitable for rapid screening of
      hybridomas for antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAb). In this procedure
      hybridoma supernatants are added to antigen coated microplates followed by
      commercially available antiglobulin beads. The microplate is immediately
      centrifuged. Wells containing antigen-specific MAb produce a mat of beads whilst
      wells without antigen-specific MAb produce a button of beads. No washing or
      incubation steps are necessary and results are read within minutes of adding
      beads to test supernatants. By comparison, ELISA tests require several hours to
      perform with multiple wash steps and further reagent additions. A 2-step SADIST
      was also assessed. Supernatants are incubated in the microplate as for an ELISA
      and a wash step precedes the addition of antiglobulin beads. A panel of 117
      hybridoma supernatants was selected to assess the suitability of the SADIST
      techniques for hybridoma screening. The supernatants were added to antigen-coated
      microplates and SADIST and ELISA tests performed. The SADIST correctly
      discriminated most hybridoma supernatants that were clearly positive or negative
      by ELISA. It was also found possible to perform SADIST followed by ELISA tests on
      the same microplate well without significantly affecting ELISA values.

PMID- 3882840
TI  - Simultaneous screening for two different antibodies in ELISA by combining two
      solid phases: microtiter plate and Falcon assay screening test system lid.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described that used a combination
      of 2 solid phases: a microtiter plate covered with a Falcon assay screening test
      (F.A.S.T.) system lid. By coating each solid phase with a different antigen, it
      was possible to simultaneously detect 2 different antibodies. The results of the
      combined test were compared and found similar to those obtained in separate
      assays on the same solid phases by the usual ELISA method. Further, the combined
      test was more economical in time, work and materials than 2 separate tests for
      the 2 antibodies. This method was used in a serological survey for 2 turkey viral
      infections: hemorrhagic enteritis and paramyxovirus type 3.

PMID- 3882841
TI  - The detection of smooth muscle antibodies reacting with intermediate filaments of
      desmin type.
AB  - Some human smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) react with cytoskeletal intermediate
      filament (IMF) antigens. The smooth muscle tissue contains two types of IMF:
      vimentin and desmin filaments. In this study, SMA of anti-IMF type in 52
      patients' sera have been classified into anti-vimentin filament and anti-desmin
      filament types according to their immunofluorescence staining patterns on rat
      testis. This classification is based on the fact that the arterial walls of
      testis contains both vimentin and desmin whereas the myoid cell layer surrounding
      the seminiferous tubuli contains only desmin. Four out of the 52 sera gave the
      anti-desmin staining pattern and 40 sera showed the anti-vimentin type of
      staining. Thirty-two sera were further classified by using cultured human
      rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells as targets. Nine sera reacted with the intermediate
      filaments of the RD cells. Among these were 3 out of the 4 sera that gave the
      anti-desmin filament staining pattern. The anti-desmin specificity of SMA was
      confirmed in 1 serum by the immunoblotting technique. These results indicate that
      while human anti-desmin filament antibodies exist, most human SMA of anti-IMF
      type react with vimentin filaments.

PMID- 3882842
TI  - Direct measurement of antibody production in cell suspensions using an enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure
      antibody production in cell suspensions using highly sensitive avidin
      biotinylated peroxidase (ABC) reagents. The cells are serially diluted in media
      and placed directly on a standard antigen-coated microtiter plate for 6 h, and
      the plate is then washed and processed to determine the bound antibody. The
      amount of antibody detected is reduced by puromycin indicating in vitro
      synthesis. Standard errors of the means of optical density readings of replicate
      samples are less than 10%. The background readings and readings obtained using
      non-immune cells are negligible, demonstrating no significant contamination by
      endogenous peroxidases.

PMID- 3882843
TI  - An enzyme-linked immuno-filtration assay used to compare infant and maternal
      antibody profiles in toxoplasmosis.
AB  - Enzyme-linked immuno-filtration assay is carried out on a micropore membrane.
      This doubly analytical technique permits simultaneous study of antibody
      specificity by immunoprecipitation and characterisation of antibody isotypes by
      immuno-filtration with enzyme-labelled antibodies. Recognition of the same T.
      gondii antigenic constituent by IgG, IgA, IgM or IgE antibodies produces couplets
      (IgG-IgM; IgG-IgA) or triplets (IgG-IgM-IgA; IgG-IgM-IgE) which identify the
      functional fractions of the toxoplasmosis antigen. In acquired toxoplasmosis, the
      persistence of IgM antibody long after infestation puts in question the
      implication of recent infestation normally linked to detection of this isotype.
      For sera of comparable titres, comparison of immunological profiles by the method
      described demonstrates disparities in the composition of the specific antibody
      content as expressed in international units. Use of the same method to detect IgM
      antibodies or distinguish between transmitted maternal IgG and IgG antibodies
      synthesised by the foetus or neonate makes a diagnosis of congenital
      toxoplasmosis possible in 85% of cases during the first few days of life. With
      the method described the diagnosis may be made on average 5 months earlier than
      with classical techniques. In the course of surveillance for latent congenital
      toxoplasmosis, the appearance of IgM or IgE antibodies raises the possibility of
      complications (hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis). After cessation of treatment, a
      rise in IgG antibodies indicating persistence of infection is detected earlier by
      the present than by classical methods.

PMID- 3882844
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to the Sjogren's syndrome associated antigen SS-B (La).
AB  - The nuclear autoantigen SS-B (Sjogren's syndrome B antigen) was purified from
      rabbit thymus extract by immunoaffinity chromatography with human autoantibodies,
      and used to immunise BALB/c mice for production of monoclonal antibodies. Fusion
      of spleen cells from an immunised mouse with NS-1 myeloma cells resulted in the
      isolation of 3 clones secreting anti-SS-B antibody. Subclasses were shown to be
      IgG2b by immunodiffusion. Specificity of the monoclonal antibodies (MCA) was
      determined by ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence. By immunoblotting all 3 MCA
      identified a single 45 K immunoreactive polypeptide in rabbit thymus, identical
      with the major polypeptide recognised by human sera containing anti-SS-B.
      Affinity columns prepared from the 3 MCA all bound SS-B from rabbit thymus
      extract, without binding other nuclear antigens. Immunofluorescence studies on
      standard substrates showed that SS-B was located predominantly in the nucleoplasm
      but in cells transformed by EBV or phytohaemagglutinin more prominent nucleolar
      and cytoplasmic staining was seen.

PMID- 3882845
TI  - Identification of live cells for flow cytometric analysis of lymphoid subset
      proliferation in low viability populations.
AB  - Combined analysis of single cell DNA content and immunofluorescence by flow
      cytometry is complementary to tritiated thymidine analysis of cellular
      proliferation, allowing detailed dissection of particular cell types in a mixed
      population which respond proliferatively to selective stimuli. However, in vitro
      culture of primary immune cells (e.g., mouse spleen or lymph node) for periods of
      24-72 h frequently results in a considerable fraction of non-viable cells which
      bind antibodies non-specifically, resulting in altered immunofluorescence
      distributions, inaccurate distinctions between positive and negative cells, and
      sometimes in misleading DNA distributions. Forward angle light scatter cannot
      readily be used to distinguish live from dead cells in this case because of the
      heterogeneous size distributions characteristic of cultured populations. We
      describe a method which uses treatment with DNAase prior to immunofluorescence
      staining to allow more accurate distinction between live and dead cells. This
      treatment markedly reduces the intensity of DNA staining for non-viable cells,
      providing complete live/dead discrimination and improved ability to analyze the
      proliferative status of specific cell subtypes in low viability cultures.

PMID- 3882846
TI  - Naturally occurring carbohydrate antibodies: interference in solid-phase
      immunoassays.
AB  - Antibody assays utilizing carbohydrate matrices (agarose, cellulose) for protein
      insolubilization are subject to non-specific and specific interfering factors.
      This report examines factors which diminish the quality of particle-based solid
      phase radioimmunoassays (SPRIAs) for antigen-specific human IgG. Interfering
      factors are divided into (a) constant non-specific binding which is similar with
      all human sera and appears related to simple adherence of IgG to agarose and
      cellulose, and (b) absorbable binding which varies considerably among sera in
      agarose and cellulose-based assays, and results from the presence of IgG antibody
      specific for the carbohydrate matrix. Constant non-specific binding is
      predictably 1-3% Bmax (maximum binding) in all human and rabbit sera. In
      contrast, the absorbable binding levels vary widely: 0.75-29% Bmax in 58% (study
      1, n = 50) and 40% (study 2, n = 200) of normal individuals for agarose, and 3
      30% Bmax in 70% of the population for microcrystalline cellulose. IgG anti
      agarose antibodies were found in 13 of 16 rabbit sera examined.
      Ultracentrifugation and immune-complex studies demonstrated that aggregated or
      immune-complexed IgG does not contribute to the absorbable IgG binding.
      Inhibition with acid hydrolyzed soluble agarose and provided evidence for a
      specific IgG anti-agarose antibody that causes variable background binding. Pre
      absorption of sera with agarose prior to analysis in the agarose-based SPRIA
      removed greater than 90% of anti-agarose antibodies and eliminated false positive
      results. These studies suggest rabbit and perhaps other heterologous antibodies
      prepared by protein-agarose affinity column chromatography may contain
      significant levels of naturally occurring antibodies against agarose or
      cellulose. These naturally occurring carbohydrate antibodies may interfere in
      solid-phase carbohydrate-based immunologic methods and immunoassays.

PMID- 3882847
TI  - A mouse monoclonal antibody against a newly discovered basement membrane
      component, the epidermolysis bullosa acquisita antigen.
AB  - A mouse monoclonal antibody, H3a, directed against the newly described
      epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) antigen was obtained using hybridoma
      techniques. The distribution of the monoclonal antibody is identical to that of
      the polyclonal serum antibody of patients with EBA. By immunofluorescence, a
      linear band is seen at the dermal-epidermal junction and, by immunoelectron
      microscopy, immune reaction products are present in the lamina densa and
      sublamina densa regions. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis followed by Western immunoblot analysis shows that the monoclonal
      antibody recognizes 290 and 145 kilodalton proteins present in the immunizing
      junctional extract, identical with the newly discovered EBA antigen. This
      monoclonal antibody should be useful in the further isolation and
      characterization of the EBA antigen.

PMID- 3882848
TI  - The responsibility of the infectious disease community for the optimal use of
      antimicrobial agents.
AB  - Antimicrobial agents are a critical element of the therapeutic armamentarium of
      modern medicine. How well they are used reflects our ability to treat and prevent
      infectious diseases. The major consideration for proper usage is to select the
      optimal agent at the proper dosage. Secondary, but important concerns are to
      minimize the emergence of resistance and to provide health services at a
      reasonable cost. The infectious disease community must work in concert with the
      pharmaceutical industry to achieve these goals. The relations of infectious
      disease physicians with the industry have been remarkably effective in evaluating
      and introducing new drugs, however, it is natural that conflicts should arise.
      Although the overall accomplishments have been outstanding, there is considerable
      evidence that antimicrobial agents are often abused and used excessively. This
      paper outlines some of the issues of marketing and the problems inherent in
      industry-sponsored trials. As specialties other than infectious diseases have
      encountered major difficulties, it is timely that this society adopts a code of
      ethical conduct for its work with industrial sponsors and takes the initiative in
      developing programs for education of other physicians in the field of infectious
      diseases and antimicrobial therapy both in this country and in developing
      nations.

PMID- 3882849
TI  - A newly recognized cause of travelers' diarrhea: enteroadherent Escherichia coli.
AB  - Adherence to HEp-2 tissue culture cells has been proposed as a virulence
      characteristic of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). A preliminary study
      revealed that E. coli that adhered to HEp-2 cells, but did not produce
      conventional enterotoxins and did not belong to recognized EPEC serogroups, could
      be isolated from adults from the United States who acquired diarrhea in Mexico.
      The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of these enteroadherent
      E. coli (EAEC) in 188 travelers with diarrhea and in 92 well travelers. EAEC were
      found in 14.9% of patients with diarrhea and in 7.6% of well individuals.
      Compared with well travelers, patients with diarrhea in whom no recognized
      enteropathogen could be identified had a 30.4% prevalence of EAEC (P less than
      .0003). These results further support our finding that EAEC are associated with
      diarrhea in travelers to Mexico and may help to explain the effect of antibiotics
      in the prevention and therapy for travelers' diarrhea in patients with no
      recognized bacterial enteropathogens.

PMID- 3882850
TI  - Demonstration of specific IgA in human feces after immunization with live Ty21a
      Salmonella typhi vaccine.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to evaluate the appearance of
      specific IgA in fecal eluates of 11 normal subjects given oral live Salmonella
      typhi Ty21a vaccine. All subjects after immunization showed a detectable rise in
      levels of specific IgA to both lipopolysaccharide and flagellar antigens of S.
      typhi.

PMID- 3882852
TI  - Survey of plasmids in Salmonella typhi from Chile and Thailand.

PMID- 3882851
TI  - Emergence of a multiple beta-lactam-resistance phenotype in group B streptococci
      of bovine origin.
AB  - Streptococcus agalactiae displaying resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins,
      and several other antibiotics have been isolated from the udders of dairy cattle
      receiving antibiotic exposure in the form of routine antibiotic infusions between
      lactations (dry cow treatment). Expression of penicillin resistance was induced
      by subinhibitory concentrations of penicillin, and growth in penicillin broth
      increased the ability of resistant strains to form colonies on penicillin agar.
      beta-Lactamase activity was not detected by standard assays of either resistant
      cells or cell lysates. However, resistant cells were able to remove penicillin
      activity from broth during a 4-18 hr growth period and so allow subsequent growth
      of sensitive strains in culture filtrates. Some resistant strains were capable of
      transfer of multiple beta-lactam resistance to sensitive recipients during
      incubation of mixed cultures on filters. Since culture filtrates and cell lysates
      of donors were also capable of transfer, and the transfer was inhibited by
      deoxyribonuclease, the transfer appears to occur by transformation.

PMID- 3882853
TI  - Fatal fungemia with arthritic involvement caused by Trichosporon beigelii in a
      bone marrow transplant recipient.

PMID- 3882854
TI  - Action of metronidazole on facultative anaerobes.

PMID- 3882855
TI  - Fever: the old and new.

PMID- 3882856
TI  - Safety and immunogenicity of Klebsiella pneumoniae K1 capsular polysaccharide
      vaccine in humans.
AB  - The safety and immunogenicity of two Klebsiella pneumoniae K1 capsular
      polysaccharide (CPS) vaccines were evaluated in humans. Trace quantities of
      lipopolysaccharide present in vaccine preparations were detoxified by treatment
      of K1 CPS in a 95% ethanol-0.1 N NaOH solution. This procedure greatly reduced
      the pyrogenicity of K1 CPS but did not markedly alter its antigenicity, molecular
      size, or immunogenicity for animals. Volunteers received either 25 or 50
      micrograms of untreated or NaOH-treated K1 CPS vaccine subcutaneously. Systemic
      reactions on primary vaccination were infrequent with both vaccine preparations.
      However, the frequency and severity of local reactions were substantially reduced
      after immunization with NaOH-treated vaccine as compared with untreated K1 CPS.
      All vaccinees responded with a fourfold or greater rise in IgG and IgM titers.
      IgG antibody to K1 CPS isolated from immune sera was highly effective in
      preventing fatal experimental burn wound sepsis due to K. pneumoniae K1 in mice.

PMID- 3882857
TI  - The relation of the Ibc protein antigen to the opsonization differences between
      strains of type II group B streptococci.
AB  - Thirty-one type II and eight nontypable group B streptococcal isolates were
      categorized by the presence of the trypsin-resistant and trypsin-sensitive
      components of the Ibc protein antigen and studied for opsonization differences by
      using polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemiluminescence (CL). Type II strains varied
      in their ease of opsonization: strains possessing both components of the Ibc
      protein elicited a significantly lower mean CL peak (P less than or equal to .05)
      and a smaller CL integral (P less than or equal to .01) than did type II strains
      lacking both components or strains lacking type polysaccharide antigen but
      possessing the Ibc protein antigen. These strain differences were seen
      consistently with different sera and were also observed in an opsonophagocytic
      killing assay. Differences in opsonizing ability and bacterial killing were found
      for three standard test sera but could not be related to the concentration of
      type-specific antibody to capsular polysaccharide antigen. Our studies suggested
      that the Ibc protein antigen was one factor that contributed to the resistance to
      opsonization of strains of type II group B streptococci.

PMID- 3882859
TI  - Growth of murine bone marrow adherent stromal cells in culture without
      hydrocortisone in a low oxygen environment.
AB  - Successful culture of hematopoietic cells depends upon the growth of stromal
      cells. The growth of bone marrow stromal cells is best achieved when
      hydrocortisone is added to the culture medium. However, the hydrocortisone
      requirement is eliminated if the cultures are grown in an atmosphere of 5% CO2,
      5% O2, and 90% N2 rather than 5% CO2 in air, which is more common.

PMID- 3882858
TI  - A multistate outbreak of gastrointestinal illness caused by enterotoxigenic
      Escherichia coli in imported semisoft cheese.
AB  - In September 1983, three clusters of gastrointestinal illness with similar
      symptoms affected 45 persons in Washington, D.C., after office parties. The
      illness lasted a mean of 4.4 days and was characterized by watery diarrhea (91%),
      abdominal cramps (80%), headache (38%), nausea (38%), and subjective fever (20%).
      Illness was strongly associated with having eaten imported French Brie cheese one
      to six days before onset of illness (P less than .0001 by Fisher's two-tailed
      exact test). After publicity about these outbreaks, additional cheese-associated
      cases were identified over an eight-week period in Illinois, Wisconsin, Georgia,
      and Colorado. Stool specimens from ill persons in four states yielded Escherichia
      coli serotype O27:H20. These organisms produced heat-stable enterotoxin and had
      similar plasmid profiles. When commercially distributed foods are contaminated,
      enterotoxigenic E. coli can cause widespread disease even in a developed country,
      and the disease can easily escape correct diagnosis.

PMID- 3882860
TI  - [Evaluation of fetal movements with ultrasonic Doppler fetal actograph].
AB  - Fetal movements in each trimester were recorded objectively and continuously with
      an ultrasonic Doppler actograph that enables simultaneous tracing of fetal heart
      rate (FHR) and fetal movement (FM). The record with this method was compared with
      those of the ultrasonic B-mode and M-mode respectively. The onset of FM signal
      bursts and FHR acceleration was nearly synchronous and the transitory FHR
      increase associated with FM signal bursts showed a linear amplitude increment
      along with the progress of gestation. Fetal hiccup movements were recorded from
      24 weeks of gestation and lasted between 4.3 minutes and 17 minutes with a rate
      of 25 to 28 per minute. No FHR acceleration was recognized in such movements.
      Maternal perception was 67.7% on average of FM signal bursts. Fetal movements in
      early pregnancy were detected in the 11th week of gestation (CRL 54 mm). Long
      term recording of fetal movements was carried out between 9:30 and 17:00 and the
      alternation of active and resting phases was investigated. The resting phase
      lasted 20 minutes on average, (range, 10 to 36 minutes). The fetal activity was
      not influenced by the maternal food intake. It is clinically significant to
      evaluate the change in fetal movements objectively and continuously.

PMID- 3882862
TI  - Influence of platelet volume on the ability of prostacyclin to inhibit platelet
      aggregation and the release reaction.
AB  - The influence of mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet count on in vitro
      platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin (PGI2) was studied with human size-dependent
      platelet subpopulations prepared by counterflow centrifugation. The original
      unfractionated platelet suspension and each of five size-dependent platelet
      fractions were suspended in buffer at a platelet count of 2 X 10(8)/ml. The
      percent decrease in the extent of platelet aggregation and adenosine triphosphate
      (ATP) release in response to 10 micrograms/ml collagen was determined over a
      range of PGI2 concentrations in a Lumi-Aggregometer. A significant positive
      correlation between MPV and the concentration required to give 50% inhibition for
      both platelet aggregation and ATP release (r = 0.99, p less than 0.001 and r =
      0.99, p less than 0.001, respectively) was observed. In separate experiments, the
      effect of platelet count on the ability of a given dose of PGI2 to inhibit
      platelet aggregation and ATP release was determined, and a significant inverse
      correlation was noted (r = 0.99, p less than 0.01 and r = 0.98, p less than 0.01,
      respectively). Our data indicate that the sensitivity of human platelets to the
      inhibitory effects of PGI2 is dependent on both the platelet volume and the
      platelet count. Thus, the presence of a greater platelet mass, resulting from
      either an increased MPV or an increased platelet count, decreases the inhibitory
      effectiveness of PGI2 on both platelet aggregation and the release reaction.

PMID- 3882861
TI  - Selective glomerular thrombosis in rats induced by combined injections of
      nephrotoxic antiserum and lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - Experimental glomerular thrombosis was induced in rats by combined injections of
      nephrotoxic antiserum and lipopolysaccharide. For the development of glomerular
      thrombosis, administration of nephrotoxic antiserum (greater than or equal to 0.1
      ml pooled material) was required as a preparatory agent and greater than or equal
      to 100 ng lipopolysaccharide as a provoking agent. The severity of renal lesions
      was not parallel with the amounts of nephrotoxic antiserum and lipopolysaccharide
      injected. Transient clamping of a unilateral renal artery for 10 to 20 minutes at
      the time of the nephrotoxic antiserum injection partially prevented the
      development of glomerular thrombosis in the clamped side. Intervals between the
      preparatory and provoking injections were found to be -4 to 72 hours for the
      development of renal lesions. With the preparatory injection of 0.1 to 0.3 ml
      nephrotoxic antiserum a thrombotic lesion developed exclusively in glomerular
      capillary walls greater than or equal to 2 hours after the lipopolysaccharide
      injection. No thrombotic lesion was observed in other tissues such as lung,
      liver, or intestine, but a generalized Shwartz-manlike phenomenon was observed
      with the preparatory injection of 0.5 ml nephrotoxic antiserum. When rats were
      pretreated with nephrotoxic antiserum and 3 hours thereafter transfused with 1 to
      3 X 10(8) polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which had been incubated with
      lipopolysaccharide for 30 minutes in vitro and washed three times with buffered
      physiologic saline solution, a marked glomerular thrombosis was also induced. The
      result indicates that lipopolysaccharide plays a role in the development of
      thrombosis by a direct effect on leukocytes. The development of glomerular
      thrombosis was prevented in a leukocytopenic state when leukocyte count was less
      than 600/microliter, but not in thrombocytopenic rats with a platelet count 8.7
      to 30 X 10(3)/microliter. Leukocyte count and plasma fibrinogen level decreased,
      and prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were prolonged
      significantly during the pathologic course. Platelet count and FDP did not change
      significantly. This experimental model has a basic similarity to the generalized
      Shwartzman reaction, but the lesions develop exclusively in glomeruli.

PMID- 3882863
TI  - Identification of renin inhibitors in normal and uremic plasma.
AB  - The enzymatic activity of renin is increased in plasma of patients with renal
      failure, possibly because of the deficiency of a renin inhibitor. Our study was
      undertaken to identify renin inhibitors and to compare their activities in plasma
      of 10 normal humans and 10 patients with renal failure. In vitro, both human
      renal renin and purified mouse submaxillary renin were inhibited by intact plasma
      and by a high molecular weight (greater than 65,000 daltons) and a lower
      molecular weight (55,000 daltons) plasma fraction (HMF and LMF, respectively)
      obtained by Sephadex chromatography. Most plasma proteins were recovered in HMF,
      and LMF also contained a small amount of protein; however, renin inhibition by
      HMF and LMF was not dependent on the presence of intact protein. HMF extracted
      from normal and uremic plasma inhibited renin to a comparable extent. However,
      LMF from uremic plasma inhibited renin to a lesser extent (p less than 0.01) than
      LMF from normal plasma. HMF-free plasma of normal subjects contained a specific
      renin-inhibiting neutral lipid component that was absent in uremic plasma. Thus,
      circulating renin inhibitors may contribute to the overall activity of the renin
      angiotensin system, and increased enzymatic activity of renin in plasma of
      patients with renal failure may be related to the deficiency of a normally
      occurring neutral lipid renin inhibitor.

PMID- 3882864
TI  - Chronic inflammation impairs hematopoiesis and survival after irradiation.
AB  - Our studies show that the induction of a chronic inflammatory lesion in the left
      hind legs of mice by administration of 5000 rad produced distinct abnormalities
      of the hematopoietic system. A peripheral neutrophilia accompanied reduced
      numbers of total nucleated cells, stem cells, stromal cells, erythroblasts, and
      lymphocytes in the unirradiated femoral marrow, and the spleen was enlarged. Mice
      with these hematopoietic abnormalities promptly succumbed with bone marrow
      failure to a sublethal dose of total body irradiation (600 rad TB). Acute
      inflammation associated with a sterile abscess also impaired survival after 600
      rad TB. Hematopoietic abnormalities resembling those in mice with inflammation
      had been reported in mice bearing a solid extramedullary tumor of sarcoma-180.
      Concomitant studies showed that bone marrow failure and impaired survival after
      600 rad TB administered to mice bearing sarcoma-180 occurred at the same time as
      that in mice with chronic inflammation. We concluded that chronic inflammation or
      tumor produced similar abnormalities in the bone marrow and spleen that led to
      markedly impaired survival and death from bone marrow failure after a sublethal
      dose of total body irradiation. Although the extramedullary hematopoiesis in the
      enlarged spleen indicated that its microenvironment supported hematopoiesis,
      whereas that in marrow was reduced, it was insufficient to compensate for a total
      body deficit of functional stem cells.

PMID- 3882865
TI  - Prominent ears: a follow-up study.
AB  - Following a minimum observation time of 14 months, 74 patients having undergone
      surgical correction of prominent ears were re-examined. The applied surgical
      technique was modified from Stenstrom and Warrer utilizing the scoring technique
      and subcutaneous mattress chrome catgut sutures for fixation. Satisfactory
      results were achieved in more than 95 per cent of the patients, when assessed by
      both the patient and the surgeon. Only few complications were revealed.

PMID- 3882866
TI  - Skin grafting of the anterior stomach wall following pharyngo-gastric
      anastomosis.
AB  - A simple fast reliable technique for closure of an anterior neck defect is
      described. The technique involves skin grafting directly onto the serosal layer
      of the anterior stomach wall following pharyngo-laryngo-oesophagectomy and
      pharyngo-gastric anastomosis.

PMID- 3882867
TI  - Investigating the effectiveness of special education: an analysis of methodology.

PMID- 3882868
TI  - Faith, science and disability.

PMID- 3882870
TI  - Human monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against herpes simplex virus-infected cells:
      activation of cytotoxic monocytes by free and liposome-encapsulated lymphokines.
AB  - Human peripheral blood monocytes were incubated with free or liposome
      encapsulated human lymphokines containing macrophage-activating factor (MAF) and
      tested for their effect on herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected target cells.
      Activated monocytes lysed allogeneic HSV type 2 (HSV-2)-infected whole human
      embryo cells and xenogeneic BALB/c mouse embryo cells (10E2) without any
      significant effect on uninfected cells, as measured by release of 51Cr from
      target cells after 18 h of cocultivation. Kinetic studies revealed that lysis of
      virus-infected cells occurred by 10 h following cocultivation with activated
      monocytes. The inability of free MAF or supernatants from MAF-activated monocytes
      to lyse HSV-2-infected cells suggested that direct monocyte-target cell contact
      is required for monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity of the virus-infected cells.
      Monocytes activated with MAF suppressed the production of HSV-2 and HSV-1 from
      virus-infected cells more than control monocytes did. In addition, monocytes
      treated with liposome-encapsulated MAF selectively destroyed HSV-2-infected cells
      but left uninfected cells unharmed. The capacity of liposome-encapsulated
      immunomodulators to activate human monocytes to selectively lyse HSV-2-infected
      cells has potential therapeutic benefit and should be evaluated in vivo.

PMID- 3882869
TI  - A validity and reliability update on the informal reading inventory with
      suggestions for improvement.

PMID- 3882871
TI  - Asystole during treatment with amiodarone in a patient with persistent atrial
      tachycardia.
AB  - During treatment with amiodarone, digoxin and nadolol, asystole occurred
      repeatedly in a patient with chronic persistent automatic atrial tachycardia.
      Asystole did not occur after discontinuation of drug therapy, and rechallenge
      with amiodarone alone produced marked overdrive suppression of all pacemakers
      resulting in asystole. Amiodarone serum level was within therapeutic range. The
      possible electrophysiologic mechanisms by which amiodarone might suppress both
      normal and abnormal pacemakers are discussed. The occurrence of asystole at
      therapeutic serum concentration of amiodarone suggests that this drug should be
      used with caution.

PMID- 3882873
TI  - Dowel space preparation and the apical seal.

PMID- 3882872
TI  - Acute and chronic effects of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist on
      pituitary and testicular function in monkeys.
AB  - The effects of a potent gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, (N-Ac
      D-rho-Cl-Phe1,2,D-Trp3-D-Arg6-D-Ala10)-GnRH (Org 30276), on pituitary and
      testicular function of adult macaque monkeys were investigated. After a study to
      find the correct dose in castrated monkeys, five intact adult male animals were
      treated with daily s.c. injections of 5 mg antagonist for 9 weeks. The treatment
      resulted in an immediate decline in serum LH and testosterone in three out of
      five animals. The two hormones remained suppressed during the 9-week treatment
      period. Testosterone and LH responses to a bolus injection of GnRH (50 micrograms
      i.v.) were blunted or abolished during the antagonist treatment. Testicular
      volumes decreased markedly and ejaculates obtained at the end of treatment were
      azoospermic or contained only few dead sperm. Histological examination of the
      testes showed complete disruption of seminiferous epithelium in these animals. A
      decrease of body weight was observed in the treated animals. When the treatment
      was ceased, all inhibitory effects of GnRH antagonists were reversible. In the
      other two animals no consistent suppression of pituitary or testicular function
      could be observed during this period, nor was a doubling of the treatment dose
      for a further 8 weeks capable of fully suppressing endocrine and seminal
      parameters in these monkeys. It is concluded that GnRH antagonist treatment is
      capable of rapidly decreasing serum LH and testosterone and disrupting
      spermatogenesis in this primate species. Suppression effected by antagonist
      treatment is more rapid than that caused by GnRH agonists. The individual
      responses to the tested doses, however, vary markedly.

PMID- 3882874
TI  - In commemoration of endodontic patriarch Friedrich Otto Walkhoff (April 23, 1860
      June 8, 1934).

PMID- 3882875
TI  - An in vitro autoradiographic study comparing the apical seal of uncatalyzed Dycal
      to Grossman's sealer.

PMID- 3882876
TI  - Evaluation of an injection of thermoplasticized low-temperature gutta-percha
      using radioactive isotopes.

PMID- 3882877
TI  - The sealing ability of injection-molded thermoplasticized gutta-percha.

PMID- 3882878
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the nephritogenic antigen producing anti
      tubular basement membrane disease.
AB  - Using monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography, we isolated a 48,000 mol wt,
      glucose-rich glycoprotein (3M-1) from collagenase-solubilized rabbit renal
      tubular basement membrane (SRTA). The purified 3M-1 protein is noncollagenous,
      and is capable of inducing anti-TBM (tubular basement membrane) antibodies and
      interstitial nephritis in susceptible hosts. Further, when SRTA, at a normally
      nephritogenic dose, was selectively depleted of 3M-1, it lost its ability to
      induce disease. As shown by immunofluorescent techniques, 3M-1 appears to be
      localized on rodent TBM to the exclusion of the glomerular basement membrane, but
      was lacking in the TBM of the LEW rat, a strain devoid of the relevant antigen of
      anti-TBM disease. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that 3M-1 was associated
      with the most lateral aspect of the TBM, which borders, and lies in the
      interstitium. These results indicate that 3M-1 is the nephritogenic antigen
      producing experimental anti-TBM disease.

PMID- 3882880
TI  - Cross-phyletic bioactivity of arthropod neurohormones and molluscan ganglion
      extracts: evidence of an extended peptide family.
AB  - Two structurally related arthropod neuropeptides, red pigment concentrating
      hormone (RPCH) and adipokinetic hormone (AKH), are potent excitors of the heart
      of the clam Mercenaria mercenaria. The response is bimodal: whereas the threshold
      for affected hearts is 1-3 X 10(-9) M, about 40% of the preparations are
      virtually unresponsive. Aqueous extracts of Mercenaria ganglia contain a
      substance which concentrates the red pigment in the erythrophores of intact
      destalked Uca pugilator and even of its isolated legs. This substance is retained
      on Sephadex G-15 and co-elutes with synthetic shrimp RPCH. The active fractions
      also concentrate the erythrophores and the leucophores of destalked shrimp
      (Penaeus). Neither dopamine nor the molluscan neuropeptide FMRFamide had any
      chromatophorotropic effect in these assays. The activity of the ganglion extracts
      was abolished by digestion with chymotrypsin. In conclusion, molluscan ganglion
      extracts contain a peptide factor, possibly an analog of RPCH, that concentrates
      the pigments of crustacean chromatophores by a direct action on the cells.

PMID- 3882881
TI  - Cross fertilization in vivo and in vitro between three species of vesper mice,
      Calomys (Rodentia, Cricetidae).
AB  - Cross fertilization was tested between oocytes of Calomys callidus and
      spermatozoa from C. callidus, C. musculinus and C. laucha by both in vivo and in
      vitro insemination. After in vivo and in vitro insemination, respectively,
      percentages of oocytes fertilized were 68.8 and 46.6 (C. callidus X C. callidus),
      20.3 and 12.7 (C. callidus X C. musculinus), 26.7 and 4.3 (C. callidus X C.
      laucha). Thus, the percentages obtained after in vitro insemination were always
      lower than those obtained with in vivo insemination. It was found that 23.9% and
      44.4% of two-cell hybrid embryos were present in oviducts 30 hr after in vivo
      insemination of C. callidus females with C. musculinus or C. laucha spermatozoa,
      respectively. At a later stage (56 hr postinsemination), development did not
      progress further, and abnormal embryos were found both at 30 and 56 hr
      postinsemination, suggesting some kind of cleavage arrest or degeneration of the
      embryos. We suggest that fertilization is not strictly species-specific, at least
      among the species we studied, but that there are some factors that reduce the
      efficiency of interspecific fertilization.

PMID- 3882879
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the cytoplasmic and outer membranes of the
      Legionnaires' disease bacterium (Legionella pneumophila).
AB  - Legionella pneumophila, the etiologic agent of Legionnaires' disease, is
      phagocytized in an unusual way and multiplies in human mononuclear phagocytes in
      a novel phagosome. As a first step toward understanding these L. pneumophila
      phagocyte interactions, we have studied the envelope of L. pneumophila
      Philadelphia 1 strain. We isolated cell envelopes by treating whole bacterial
      cells with lysozyme and EDTA to convert them to spheroplasts, then lysing the
      spheroplasts osmotically or sonically. We resolved the cell envelopes into two
      membrane fractions by isopycnic centrifugation. We localized NADH oxidase to the
      fraction of buoyant density 1.145, which we designated cytoplasmic membrane, and
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the fraction of density 1.222, which we designated
      outer membrane. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS
      PAGE) revealed that the L. pneumophila outer membrane contains a single major
      protein species migrating at 28,000 mol wt; this is the major protein of the
      bacterium. The cytoplasmic membrane also contains a single major protein species
      migrating at 65,000 mol wt. Surface iodination of the bacteria and agglutination
      and immunofluorescence studies with rabbit antibody produced against the purified
      major outer membrane protein (MOMP) revealed that this protein is exposed at the
      cell surface. We isolated LPS from L. pneumophila membranes by SDS-EDTA
      treatment. The pattern obtained by subjecting the LPS to SDS-PAGE and staining
      the gel with silver nitrate suggests that L. pneumophila LPS might be atypical.
      We studied patient serologic responses to cell envelope components of L.
      pneumophila Philadelphia 1, a serogroup 1 organism. Sera from patients with
      evidence of infection with serogroup 1 L. pneumophila contained large amounts of
      antibody to this strain. Few of these antibodies recognized the MOMP of L.
      pneumophila. In contrast, greater than 98% of these antibodies were directed
      against the LPS. This indicates that LPS is the dominant serogroup antigen and
      the major antigen responsible for the reactivity of patient sera in the indirect
      fluorescent antibody assay, currently the principal diagnostic assay for
      Legionella infection.

PMID- 3882882
TI  - Limited and specific proteolysis of the zona pellucida by acrosin.
AB  - The proteolytic action of boar sperm acrosin on its natural substrate, the zona
      pellucida, was investigated. Acrosin exhibited substrate specificity for the zona
      pellucida and differentially hydrolyzed the glycoprotein families composing the
      zona pellucida. In contrast to acrosin, trypsin was a less-specific protease in
      terms of zona pellucida hydrolysis.

PMID- 3882883
TI  - Phosphopeptide fingerprints of nucleoproteins of various influenza A virus
      strains grown in different host cells.
AB  - MDCK, HeLa, L or primary chick embryo cells were infected with different
      influenza A virus strains and labelled with [32P]orthophosphate. The
      nucleoprotein was immunoprecipitated and digested by trypsin. The resulting
      tryptic fingerprints were strain-specific and dependent on the host cell in which
      the virus strains had been propagated. Virus mutants had different fingerprints.
      It is suggested that specific cellular protein phosphokinases are involved in
      virus replication and that these may determine host range and cell tropism by
      site-specific phosphorylation of viral phosphoproteins.

PMID- 3882885
TI  - Dopamine inhibits calcium-independent gamma-[3H]aminobutyric acid release induced
      by kainate and high K+ in the fish retina.
AB  - Kainic acid (KA) at micromolar concentrations stimulated the release of gamma
      [3H]aminobutyric acid [( 3H]GABA) from a particulate fraction of the carp
      (Cyprinus carpio) retina. The KA action was dose-dependent but Ca2+-independent.
      A similar response was elicited by another glutamate receptor agonist, quisqualic
      acid, and high K+, but not by an aspartate agonist, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid. The
      stimulatory action of KA on the [3H]GABA release was selectively blocked by the
      KA blockers gamma-D-glutamylglycine and cis-2,3-piperidine dicarboxylic acid.
      Dopamine (DA), which is contained in DA interplexiform cells in the carp retina,
      inhibited the [3H]GABA release induced by KA and high K+ in a dose-dependent
      manner. 5-Hydroxytryptamine and two well-known GABA antagonists, bicuculline
      (Bic) and picrotoxin (Pic), also mimicked the DA effect on the GABA release at a
      comparable concentration. This inhibitory effect of DA as well as Bic and Pic on
      the [3H]GABA release evoked by KA was clearly antagonized by a DA blocker,
      haloperidol. The action of these agents (KA, DA, GABA antagonist) belonging to
      three different receptor categories on the GABAergic neurons (possibly external
      horizontal cells; H1 cells) is discussed in relation to other
      electrophysiological studies on the lateral spread of S-potentials between H1
      cells.

PMID- 3882884
TI  - "Specific" binding of [3H]imipramine to protease-sensitive and protease-resistant
      sites.
AB  - A number of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake inhibitors have been shown to
      displace the binding of [3H]imipramine to rat cortical membranes in a complex
      manner with Hill slopes less than unity. Norzimeldine displaced the binding of
      [3H]imipramine in a biphasic manner with IC50 values for the two components of
      about 30 nM and 30 microM. This latter site alone was found in tissues that had
      been treated with a protease. Binding to both of these sites was displaced by 10
      microM desipramine. The protease-sensitive [3H]imipramine binding sites were
      found to be saturable, high-affinity binding sites with a KD of 8 nM. The number
      of these sites varied between brain regions and was positively correlated with
      the regional distribution of [14C]5-HT but not [3H]noradrenaline uptake. This was
      not the case however for the protease-resistant but desipramine-displaceable
      binding sites. Since most previous [3H]imipramine binding studies have been
      performed with high concentrations of desipramine (10 microM) to define "specific
      binding," these data would suggest that either protease-sensitivity or
      displacability by 1 microM norzimeldine would give more reliable estimates of the
      specific binding.

PMID- 3882886
TI  - Two forms of rat brain glutamic acid decarboxylase differ in their dependence on
      free pyridoxal phosphate.
AB  - There are two forms of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) found in the rat brain. One
      form (form A) does not require exogenous pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) for
      activity whereas another form (form B) requires exogenous PLP for activity. These
      two forms differ greatly in temperature sensitivity, inactivation, and
      reactivation by the removal and readdition of PLP, electrophoretic mobility, and
      regional distribution. For instance, forms A and B are inactivated to an extent
      of 91% and 10%, respectively, by the treatment at 45 degrees C for 30 min; form A
      is greatly inactivated (77%) by the removal of PLP by aminooxyacetic acid and the
      readdition of PLP, whereas form B is only slightly inactivated (7%). Forms A and
      B can be clearly separated by 5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in which form
      A migrates faster than form B. In all 10 brain regions studied, form A is present
      in smaller amounts than form B. This difference is greatest in the superior
      colliculus (the ratio of B to A is about 5), while in the locus coeruleus and
      cerebellum, forms A and B are present in nearly equal proportion. Forms A and B
      are similar with respect to relative abundance in hypotonic, isotonic, and
      hypertonic preparations, inhibition of catalytic activity by a carbonyl-trapping
      agent, immunochemical properties, and chromatographic patterns in a variety of
      systems. The significance of forms A and B and PLP in the regulation of gamma
      amino-butyric acid (GABA) level is also discussed.

PMID- 3882887
TI  - Choline acetyltransferase depletion in the rat retina after intraocular injection
      of neurotoxins.
AB  - The effects of kainic acid (KA), quisqualic acid (QA), and ibotenic acid (IBO) on
      histology of the retina and on the retinal choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)
      activity were studied in the rat. KA produced the highest number of altered cells
      in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and in the inner nuclear layer (INL), with an
      almost complete depletion of ChAT activity. QA was less effective than KA in
      terms of both the number of altered cells and in ChAT depletion. In contrast,
      retinas injected with IBO showed the mildest morphological lesions together with
      the highest reduction in the enzyme activity. These results indicate that IBO
      affects nearly all the cholinergic neurons in the rat retina, whereas other
      populations, sensitive to KA or QA, are spared. Because of this higher
      specificity toward the cholinergic subpopulation, IBO may be a useful tool when
      cholinergic cells need to be destroyed in the retina.

PMID- 3882888
TI  - Lipid peroxidation-induced inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake in rat
      brain synaptosomes: protection by glucocorticoids.
AB  - Incubation of rat brain synaptosomes with xanthine and xanthine oxidase (X/XO)
      resulted in an inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake. The
      inhibitory effects of X/XO were temperature- and time-dependent, and were
      characterized by an increased Km for GABA and a decreased Vmax. Inhibition of
      GABA uptake by X/XO was associated with both the formation of malonyldialdehyde
      (MDA) and conjugated dienes, indicating that lipid peroxidation was involved.
      Studies with catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), mannitol, and chelated iron
      suggested that hydroxyl radical (OH X) was probably responsible for the
      initiation of lipid peroxidation. Both the peroxidation of synaptosomal membranes
      and the inhibition of GABA uptake by X/XO were enhanced by the addition of ADP
      and FeCl2. The X/XO-induced inhibition of GABA uptake by synaptosomes could be
      prevented by preincubation of synaptosomes with certain glucocorticoids prior to
      X/XO exposure. Methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS), dexamethasone sodium
      phosphate (DMSP), and prednisolone sodium succinate (PSS) all prevented the
      inhibition of GABA uptake by X/XO. MPSS was most effective at concentrations
      around 100 microM, DMSP was slightly more potent, and PSS was optimal at around
      300 microM. On the other hand, hydrocortisone sodium succinate (HCSS) was
      ineffective at preventing X/XO-induced inhibition of GABA uptake at
      concentrations up to 3 mM. The steroids are presumed to work through a mechanism
      that blocked the formation of lipid peroxides, as MPSS inhibited the formation of
      conjugated dienes in synaptosomes exposed to X/XO at a concentration that also
      protected GABA uptake.

PMID- 3882889
TI  - Stereotaxis and nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - The application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging to a stereotactic
      method is described. The physical properties of NMR offer some important
      advantages such as good contrast between grey and white matter and the
      possibility to scan the brain in three planes and at any desired angle.
      Stereotactic localisation by NMR gives very satisfactory and precise
      visualisation of the target structures based on transaxial, coronal and sagittal
      scans. With the technique described stereotactic localisation is performed by the
      surgeon directly in the operating room.

PMID- 3882890
TI  - Visualisation of stereotactic radiolesions by nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - The ability to visualise stereotactic brain lesions produced by irradiation from
      the stereotactic Gamma Unit at the Karolinska Hospital was investigated. A
      patient who had undergone bilateral stereotactic gamma capsulotomy in two stages
      was examined by the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging technique, which
      demonstrated that the stereotactic lesions in the internal capsule could be
      visualised in the immediate postoperative period. This gives stereotactic
      radiosurgery a reliable anatomical basis and facilitates the planning and follow
      up studies in this type of cerebral surgery.

PMID- 3882891
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography in patients with cerebral ischaemic attacks and
      normal continuous wave Doppler studies.
AB  - The cervico-cranial arteries were studied using digital subtraction angiography
      in 50 patients with reversible cerebral ischaemic attacks and normal continuous
      wave Doppler examination. Digital subtraction angiography was able to visualise
      the arteries satisfactorily in 45 patients (90%), and revealed minor arterial
      abnormalities in 12 patients (24%). However, neither occlusions nor stenoses
      greater than 50% of the diameter of the vessel lumen were found. Although digital
      subtraction angiography is more accurate than continuous wave Doppler examination
      in detecting arterial lesions, it did not provide alternative therapeutic choices
      in any of these patients.

PMID- 3882892
TI  - On the replication and spread of rabies virus in the human central nervous
      system.
AB  - Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies on the brains of two autopsy
      cases of human rabies revealed: By the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, viral
      antigens were present in all eosinophilic inclusions detected in formalin fixed
      paraffin sections. Numerous antigenic masses, which apparently corresponded to
      the matrices and cylindrical particles in neurites revealed by electron
      microscopy, were present in the neuropil remote from neuronal perikarya. There
      were virions in the intercellular spaces and virus-budding from the plasma
      membrane into the extracellular space in the absence of a matrix, strongly
      indicating that rabies virus in the human central nervous system could spread
      through the intercellular spaces and that the replication of the virus was not
      necessarily accompanied by the formation of inclusion bodies. The synapse was
      involved in rabies as indicated by virions in the synaptic terminals. The
      implications of these observations are discussed in conjunction with the results
      of previous in vitro and animal experiments.

PMID- 3882893
TI  - Karnofsky memorial lecture. The low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: challenges and
      opportunities.

PMID- 3882894
TI  - Beyond proforma consent for childhood cancer research.
AB  - A critical negotiation is that of obtaining informed consent from those
      responsible for the child with cancer who is to be involved in clinical research.
      It requires that the researcher weigh the merits to society of the proposed
      research trial and the interests of the patient and family. The clinical setting
      in which agreement to participate is requested and the regulations of the DHHS
      for such investigations also place special demands on all of those involved. This
      article is an ethical and psychosocial analysis of informed consent. It is
      intended to provide pediatric physician-investigators with a better understanding
      of this complex process to improve their fiduciary relationship with decision
      makers.

PMID- 3882895
TI  - Identification of a cell surface glycoprotein family of olfactory receptor
      neurons with a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (Mab) has been developed which recognizes a family of cell
      surface glycoproteins found in high levels of rat olfactory receptor neurons.
      This Mab, designated 2B8, was produced by the fusion of X63-Ag8.653 myeloma cells
      and spleen cells of a mouse immunized with PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells.
      Immunofluorescence analyses of cryostat sections of neonatal olfactory epithelium
      show prominent 2B8 binding to receptor neurons. Within the olfactory bulb only
      the glomerular and olfactory nerve layers show 2B8 binding. All other neural
      structures in the main olfactory bulb have background levels of reactivity.
      Analyses of 2B8 binding to particulate protein preparations from several central
      and peripheral nervous system components demonstrated highest 2B8 antigen
      specific activity in olfactory bulb and epithelium and detectable levels in
      dorsal root ganglia (DRG), whole cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. However,
      2B8 antigen could not be detected in non-olfactory structures by
      immunofluorescence. Some non-neural tissues also had the ability to bind 2B8 Mab
      in the particulate protein radioimmunoassay. In order to compare the 2B8-reactive
      molecules found in each tissue, Mab was applied to polyacrylamide gels of
      unlabeled membrane proteins. A family of molecules with diverse molecular weights
      was found. Some were unique to individual tissues whereas others were shared
      among tissues. Olfactory bulb and epithelium had a unique band with Mr = 215,000
      and another band with Mr = 142,000. The 142,000-dalton band was also found with
      PC12 cells. PC12 cells also had several bands of lesser molecular weight,
      including 51,000 and 43,000. Testes membranes had immunoreactive bands only at Mr
      = 46,000 and 43,000. Bone marrow, perinatal liver, and DRG each expressed a
      single 2B8-reactive band with Mr = approximately 114,000. Salivary gland had four
      reactive bands, two common to it and only PC12 cells, the 114,000-dalton band
      which is similar to that found in adult rat bone marrow and DRG, and a unique
      band at Mr = 152,000. 2B8 immunoprecipitates of olfactory bulb and epithelium
      were analyzed for glycosyl groups by lectin reactivity. Wheat germ agglutinin and
      Ricinus communus agglutinin I bound the 2B8 antigens using two distinct assay
      methods. This suggests that the 2B8 antigens recognized in the olfactory system
      are glycoproteins having sialic acid and D-galactosyl components.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3882896
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies which distinguish certain classes of neuronal and
      supporting cells in the nervous tissue of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were generated using mice immunized with total homogenates
      of Caenorhabditis elegans adults or early larvae. Two of them were shown to
      distinguish a certain class of neuronal or supporting cells in the nervous tissue
      of this animal. Their histological specificities were studied in detail by
      indirect immunofluorescence on a whole mount preparation of animal head (or
      tail); for one of the antibodies further analysis was done by immunoelectron
      microscopy with the aid of a colloidal gold probe. An application of this
      antibody to a mutant of C. elegans is also described.

PMID- 3882897
TI  - Brain targets in surgery for Parkinson's disease. Results of a survey of
      neurosurgeons.
AB  - Sixteen neurosurgeons were requested to define their preferred surgical target
      for treatment of parkinsonism. The scattergram thus obtained showed a great
      variability among surgeons. Although there was a concentration of targets in the
      ventrolateral (VL) nucleus of the thalamus, there was a separation by as much as
      6 to 7 mm between targets. One surgeon placed the lesion in the subthalamic white
      matter below the VL nucleus, and two placed it outside the thalamus in the
      pallidothalamic pathways in Forel's field. It is assumed that successful surgery
      interrupts the pallidothalamocortical pathways that transmit tremor and rigidity
      impulses, regardless of which part of the pathways is severed.

PMID- 3882898
TI  - Clinical and histopathological characteristics of gonadotropin-producing
      pituitary adenomas.
AB  - The clinical and histopathological characteristics in six cases of gonadotropin
      producing adenoma are presented. Definitive diagnosis was made by the
      determination of gonadotropin levels in culture medium. Several authors have
      reported that gonadotropin-producing adenomas are very rare; however, hormonal
      assay of adenoma cell culture medium may indicate the real incidence of
      gonadotropin-producing adenomas to be greater than is thought. In reported cases,
      practically no endocrinological symptoms have been found suggesting increased
      gonadotropin levels, and basal values of plasma gonadotropins have been reported
      as only slightly over the normal range. Gonadotropin-producing adenomas may have
      been misdiagnosed as nonsecreting adenomas. The clinical characteristics of
      gonadotropin-producing adenomas can be summarized as follows: 1) a tendency for
      more rapid growth than nonsecreting adenomas; 2) prominent suprasellar extension
      with marked enhancement on computerized tomography; and 3) diminished response of
      luteinizing hormone (LH) alone in response to LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH)
      stimulation, and the ratio of peak follicle-stimulating hormone to peak LH in the
      LH-RH stimulation test is more frequently over 1:1 in cases of gonadotropin
      producing adenoma than in cases of nonsecreting adenoma and craniopharyngioma.
      Immunoperoxidase staining revealed two kinds of adenoma cells, one intensely and
      the other faintly stained. Abundant mitochondria and few secretory granules were
      characteristic electron microscopic features. Oncocytic transformation of adenoma
      cells was suggested by immunoperoxidase staining and the electron microscopic
      appearance, and may suppress the elevation of circulating plasma gonadotropin
      levels. Thus, hormonal assay of adenoma cell culture medium and immunoperoxidase
      staining are essential for definitive diagnosis of gonadotropin-producing
      adenomas.

PMID- 3882900
TI  - Stereotaxic evacuation of hematomas.

PMID- 3882899
TI  - Failure of prophylactic barbiturate coma in the treatment of severe head injury.
AB  - In certain subgroups of severely head-injured patients, the mortality rate
      remains unacceptably high. The authors describe a randomized, controlled trial of
      prophylactic pentobarbital therapy in a group of these patients. Pentobarbital
      was started as soon as possible after the head injury, regardless of the
      intracranial pressure (ICP), and was continued for a prescribed period of time.
      The study included 53 consecutive head-injured patients over the age of 12 years,
      who had either an acute intradural hematoma (subdural and/or intracerebral, large
      enough to warrant surgical decompression), or no mass lesion but whose best motor
      response was abnormal flexion or extension. All patients in the study were
      randomly assigned to a control group (26 cases) or a pentobarbital-treated group
      (27 cases) once the diagnosis had been made and informed consent obtained. All
      patients were treated with the same protocol of aggressive resuscitation, prompt
      diagnosis and treatment of mass lesions, and intensive care, with close follow-up
      monitoring. The randomization was effective in producing a close match between
      the control and treated groups with respect to age, sex distribution, cause of
      injury, neurological status, intracranial lesions, prevalence of early systemic
      insults, midline shift, and initial ICP. Outcome was essentially the same in each
      group. There was no difference between groups in the incidence of elevated ICP,
      the duration of ICP elevation, or the response of ICP elevations to treatment.
      Arterial hypotension occurred in 14 patients (54%) in the treated group and only
      two patients (7%) in the untreated group. Based on these data the authors cannot
      recommend the prophylactic use of pentobarbital coma in the treatment of patients
      with severe head injury. They also believe that its use is accompanied by
      significant side effects which can potentially worsen the condition of a patient
      with severe head injury.

PMID- 3882901
TI  - Complications of chymopapain injection.

PMID- 3882902
TI  - Posterior fossa subdural hematomas in newborns.

PMID- 3882903
TI  - Interstitial radiation for treatment of primary brain tumors using the Brown
      Roberts-Wells stereotaxic system.
AB  - While techniques and practice of stereotaxic surgery have been available for
      decades, recent technical and theoretical advances have allowed for a rebirth of
      this neurosurgical subspecialty. One of the newer applications of this technique
      is the stereotaxic treatment of malignant brain tumors. This method depends on
      the CT-guided placement of a tiny coaxial catheter system precisely on target
      within the tumor area. Radioactive sources in the catheter deliver a precise
      amount of radiation over a specific time course. The system is then removed.
      Follow-up of the patients who undergo this procedure continues throughout their
      lives.

PMID- 3882904
TI  - Indium-111 chloride imaging in chronic osteomyelitis.
AB  - Sixty-eight patients with clinically suspected chronic osteomyelitis were studied
      with [111In]chloride. Fifty-four images were categorized as true positive; seven
      were categorized as true negative. There were four false-positive studies, two of
      which were associated with healing cancellous bone grafts. There were three false
      negative studies in patients previously treated with long-term antibiotic
      therapy. Images in eight noninfected healing fractures 3 to 8 mo old were normal.
      Three patients with infected total hip prostheses had positive images. Two
      patients with loose prostheses had negative images. This study shows that
      [111In]chloride imaging is an accurate way to localize chronic osteomyelitis and
      may overcome some of the disadvantages of [67Ga]citrate such as localization in
      noninfected healing fractures and in some loose [67Ga]citrate such as
      localization in noninfected healing fractures and in some loose prostheses.

PMID- 3882905
TI  - Optimum conditions for labeling of DTPA-coupled antibodies with technetium-99m.
AB  - The covalent attachment of strong chelating groups such as DTPA to IgG antibodies
      may simplify the labeling of these proteins with 99mTc and may improve the
      stability of the label. Accordingly, we have investigated the labeling of DTPA
      coupled antibodies by determining the effect of DTPA:tin molar ratio, pH, and
      DTPA concentration. We have determined that the optimum conditions are a molar
      ratio of 1:1.5, a pH of 4, a DTPA concentration as high as possible, and an
      antibody concentration as low as possible. Using these conditions, a DTPA-coupled
      antibody was labeled with 99mTc and its stability in 37 degrees C serum compared
      with that of the uncoupled antibody labeled in the identical fashion. High
      performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the incubates showed that the
      coupled antibody lost its label slowly compared to the uncoupled antibody. Both
      labeled antibodies were also administered to normal mice along with 111In-labeled
      coupled antibody as a further control. Biodistribution results obtained at 1 hr
      and 20 hr confirm the increased stability of the label in the case of the coupled
      antibody and provide evidence for redistribution of the 99mTc following
      catabolism at sites of localization. To obtain the above results, however, it was
      necessary to attach an average of two to five DTPA groups per antibody molecule.
      Furthermore, it was not possible to reduce to negligible levels nonspecific
      binding of 99mTc to the antibody.

PMID- 3882907
TI  - JONA'S semiannual Directory of Consultants to Nursing Administration.

PMID- 3882906
TI  - Computer package for the calculation of the radiation dose to patients, based on
      the MIRD approach.

PMID- 3882908
TI  - Improving the nursing climate for cost containment.
AB  - What steps can you take to create an organizational climate conducive to
      implementing cost containment activities? One hospital's solution was to broaden
      the role of its nurse managers, strengthen unit level problem solving, and more
      creatively use existing resources. The authors relate the specific elements and
      benefits of each approach.

PMID- 3882909
TI  - Paul Edward Howe (1885-1974). A biographical sketch.

PMID- 3882910
TI  - Description of a new model of genetic obesity: the dbPas mouse.
AB  - A new strain of genetically obese mouse, the dbPas mouse, has been studied in
      terms of fat pad cellularity, serum parameters and thermogenesis. This obesity
      was observed in the inbred DW strain of mice at the Institut Pasteur-France, and
      is due to a recessive mutation on chromosome 4 at the diabetes locus. The mice
      became grossly obese, gaining weight until at least 16 mo of age. By 6 mo of age
      they exhibited hyperphagia, hypercholesterolemia, severe hyperinsulinemia,
      hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes, and impaired fertility. In contrast
      with other diabetic strains of mice, glycemia was normal in females and slightly
      elevated in males. This result indicates that the mutation of the db locus does
      not necessarily lead to a frank diabetes. Body temperature was normal either at
      22 degrees C or after a cold exposure at 4 degrees C. GDP (guanosine diphosphate)
      binding to brown adipose tissue mitochondria was normal in obese mice as compared
      to lean. These data differentiate this model from other genetic obesities in mice
      and rats. This new model of genetic obesity offers interesting characteristics
      for the study of obesity.

PMID- 3882911
TI  - Influence of manganese on growth, somatomedin and glycosaminoglycan metabolism.
AB  - Day-old chicks were fed control or manganese (Mn deficient diets ad libitum for
      25 d. The chicks subsequently were refed control diet for up to 5 d. Mn
      deficiency significantly decreased growth rate and feed intake compared to
      controls. After 25 d of depletion, bone Mn concentration was 2% that of controls
      and 88% of the deficient chicks exhibited signs of perosis. Sulfate (35SO4)
      uptake into uronic acid was significantly depressed in cartilage from the Mn
      depleted chicks and increased rapidly with refeeding, which may indicate
      increased glycosaminoglycan (GAG) biosynthesis or increased sulfation of the GAG
      molecule. In vitro activity of glycosyltransferases suggest that GAG synthesis
      may be interrupted by Mn deficiency. Somatomedin activity, serum insulin and
      glucose levels were not influenced significantly by Mn deficiency. Thus, while Mn
      deficiency decreased growth and GAG synthesis these effects were not mediated by
      somatomedin.

PMID- 3882912
TI  - Rat pancreatic beta-cells in protein deficiency: a study involving morphometric
      analysis and alloxan effect.
AB  - The possible cause(s) of impaired glucose tolerance in protein-calorie
      malnutrition was studied. The beta-cell mass was morphometrically determined and
      the sensitivity to alloxan was characterized in rats fed ad libitum a 4% protein
      diet, pair-fed or fed ad libitum a 20% protein diet. The percentage of beta-cells
      in the pancreas was neither affected by protein deficiency nor influenced by
      caloric intake. However, the diabetogenicity of alloxan was greatly reduced in
      protein-malnourished rats. This reduction in diabetogenicity by alloxan was
      partially reversed by feeding animals with sulfhydryl compound. These results
      suggest that decreased insulin secretion in protein malnutrition is not due to a
      reduction in beta-cell number.

PMID- 3882913
TI  - Reexamining the oral contraceptive issues.
AB  - Oral contraceptives have been in use since the 1960s. Over the past 20 plus
      years, the risks and benefits of oral contraceptives have captured the attention
      of the press and the public. According to current data, oral contraceptives seem
      to pose the greatest risk for women in their 40s who smoke cigarettes. They have
      the least risk and greatest benefit for young women, especially nonsmokers. This
      article focuses on a reexamination of the issues. Are oral contraceptives safe?
      If so, for whom? How can risk be predicted? What are noncontraceptive benefits?
      Implications for practice and for the future of oral contraceptives research are
      presented.

PMID- 3882915
TI  - The remarkable Doctor Church.

PMID- 3882914
TI  - Visual processing of moving stimuli.
AB  - This review covers a period bracketed by two OSA Symposia--"Vision under
      Stabilized Image Conditions," held in San Francisco in 1978, and "Motion and
      Vision in Man and Machine," held in New Orleans in 1983--during which image
      stabilization came of age as a standard technique of visual psychophysics. It
      seems clear that the first spatiotemporal signal-processing step in the visual
      system depends on image motion; e.g., a constant velocity effectively provides
      the mathematical convolution of stimulus patterns with retinal receptive fields.
      Thus the motion of the stimulus pattern at the retina is an important
      experimental variable over which we have only recently gained full control. We
      can now replace the haphazard behavior of the subject's natural eye movements by
      simpler forms of motion that are known and controlled by the experimenter.
      Results obtained in our laboratory with such stabilized fixation control include
      threshold measurements for moving lines and gratings, comparison of contrast
      sensitivities with natural and artificial eye movements, effects of orientation
      on moving-grating thresholds, models of the stabilized spatiotemporal threshold
      surface, and effects of retinal inhomogeneity on selectivity for spatial
      frequency and velocity. Other experiments, too numerous to include here, have
      also used these techniques.

PMID- 3882916
TI  - At last--a strong, accurate, esthetic porcelain crown--the Cerestore.

PMID- 3882917
TI  - Palatal perforation related to faculty denture construction.

PMID- 3882918
TI  - The sternocleidomastoid muscle as a muscular or myocutaneous flap for oral and
      facial reconstruction.
AB  - The sternocleidomastoid muscle may be used as a muscular or a myocutaneous flap
      to satisfy the need for viable soft tissue in the reconstruction of some cancer-
      and trauma-related deformities. The anatomic and technical bases of these flaps
      are discussed in the context of a single-stage pedicled transfer in oral and
      maxillofacial reconstructive surgery.

PMID- 3882919
TI  - Artifacts in oral biopsy specimens.
AB  - More than proper surgical technique is required to facilitate the proper
      diagnosis of an oral biopsy specimen. The proper preparation of the tissue for
      microscopic analysis depends on steps taken by the surgeon, assistant, and
      histotechnician to reduce the inclusion of artifacts. There are many ways that
      the exact interpretation of tissue specimens can be compromised. Unfortunately,
      many practitioners seem to be unaware of the extent of this problem, as well as
      how easily artifacts can be prevented.

PMID- 3882920
TI  - Subperiosteal onlay augmentation of the mandible: a clinical and radiographic
      survey.
AB  - A five-year follow-up study of 26 patients who underwent subperiosteal onlay
      augmentation of the mandible using corticocancellous bone from the iliac crest is
      presented. An overall postoperative reduction in mandibular height of 44% was
      found. The different rates of resorption between the various suggested
      augmentation methods are discussed, and suggestions are given to prevent the
      rapid resorption that occurs during the immediate postoperative period.

PMID- 3882921
TI  - Spontaneous regeneration of the condyle following hemimandibulectomy by
      disarticulation.

PMID- 3882922
TI  - Morphometric studies of gastric parietal cells in healthy subjects, and in
      patients before and after vagotomy operation. A review article.

PMID- 3882923
TI  - Serum thyroglobulin and thyroid ultrasound studies in infants with congenital
      hypothyroidism.

PMID- 3882924
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of quinine in children.
AB  - Serum quinine concentrations were measured in seven children after intravenous
      infusion of quinine dihydrochloride, in eight children after intramuscular
      injection of quinine dihydrochloride, and in six children after nasogastric
      administration of a solution of quinine dihydrochloride. The mean (+/- SD) half
      life of quinine was 11.1 +/- 4.8 hours, and the volume of distribution was 1.39
      +/- 0.37 L/kg. To attain a serum level of 10 microgram/ml quinine, we suggest
      that children with severe malaria be given a loading dose of 20 mg/kg quinine
      dihydrochloride parenterally, followed by 7.5 mg/kg every 8 hours. Once recovery
      begins, quinine sulphate 10 mg/kg may be given orally every 8 hours. Serum
      concentrations should be monitored, if possible, because they vary greatly from
      person to person. Quinine is rapidly and completely absorbed after either
      intramuscular or nasogastric administration.

PMID- 3882925
TI  - Blunt liver trauma in children: nonoperative management.
AB  - Since 1978, we have treated 19 of 23 (83%) children with blunt liver trauma
      nonoperatively. Management consisted of observation in an intensive care unit,
      repeated physical examination, frequent reevaluation of laboratory values,
      special investigations, and bed rest. The 19 patients all remained stable,
      required no surgical intervention, and showed resolution of the hepatic injuries
      with no early or delayed complications. Ultrasonography, although not as reliable
      a method as computed tomography or liver isotope scans for identification of
      hepatic trauma at first presentation, provided a very useful method for
      documenting subsequent progress and eventual healing of the lesions. The presence
      of an isolated hepatic injury is insufficient indication for surgery. If there is
      significant extrahepatic injury requiring surgery, or if the patient with hepatic
      trauma is deteriorating, operative intervention is mandatory.

PMID- 3882926
TI  - Identification of rectal ganglion cells using monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody has been developed that reacts specifically with ganglion
      cells of the myenteric and submucous plexuses of the gastrointestinal tract. This
      antibody also recognizes an axonal antigen that is distributed throughout the
      circular muscle of normal colon and rectum. Aganglionic segments of colon and
      rectum from patients with Hirschsprung's disease showed no specific antibody
      binding using a fluorescent labelled assay. The use of monoclonal antibodies
      should provide further insights into the pathophysiology of Hirschsprung's
      disease and allied disorders.

PMID- 3882927
TI  - Pierre Robin syndrome and pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - Five infants with Pierre Robin syndrome developed evidence of carbon dioxide
      retention and congestive cardiac failure despite measures to alleviate upper
      airway obstruction. Investigations included chest radiography,
      electrocardiography, echocardiography, and cardiac catheterization; pulmonary
      hypertension was diagnosed. In two cases raised main pulmonary artery pressures
      of 40 mm Hg and 120 mm Hg were recorded. Relief of upper airway obstruction was
      achieved by tracheostomy in three cases and nasopharyngeal intubation in two
      cases, with reversal of signs of cor pulmonale in each. Four patients progressed
      well with no recurrence of cardiac problems but one died suddenly one month after
      apparently successful management by tracheostomy.

PMID- 3882928
TI  - Acute pancreatitis in children.
AB  - Twenty-nine children with acute pancreatitis were managed during the period 1971
      to 1983. Aetiology included trauma (5), mumps (5), drug therapy (4), biliary
      disease (1), and cystic fibrosis (1); 13 cases were classified as idiopathic.
      Diagnosis could be difficult, and unnecessary laparotomies were performed in 7
      instances for suspected appendicitis. One patient, however, had a well-justified
      laparotomy revealing coexisting severe appendicitis and pancreatitis. Morbidity
      included relapses (7), pseudocysts (3), obstructive duodenal hematoma (1), and
      miscellaneous problems (4). Improvements in management included endoscopic
      retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) to exclude anatomical anomalies in
      relapsing cases, ultrasonography for the diagnosis of pseudocysts and for follow
      up measurements in two such cases successfully managed conservatively, and
      increasing use of total parenteral nutrition in cases with protracted disease or
      serious complications.

PMID- 3882929
TI  - Choledocholithiasis in infancy.
AB  - Three cases of choledocholithiasis presenting with obstructive jaundice in
      infancy are reported. Ultrasonography demonstrated a grossly dilated common bile
      duct in all three cases. It failed, however, to demonstrate the calculi that were
      situated at the distal end of the common duct. Percutaneous transhepatic
      cholangiography was valuable in one patient in outlining the biliary tract and in
      identifying the cause of the obstruction. Endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was employed in a child, aged three years, in
      whom it was possible to proceed to endoscopic sphincterotomy with clearance of
      the common duct. In small infants, transduodenal sphincteroplasty would appear to
      be the procedure of choice.

PMID- 3882930
TI  - Inhibition of oral contraceptive effectiveness by concurrent antibiotic
      administration. A review.
AB  - The use of antibiotics in periodontal therapy has received increasing attention
      in recent years. Although generally safe, certain antibiotics, including
      tetracycline and ampicillin, have been shown to interact indirectly with oral
      contraceptives, with a resultant decrease in oral contraceptive efficacy. This
      paper reviews the nature of antibiotic-oral contraceptive inter-actions, as well
      as the precautions that have been suggested for patients taking oral
      contraceptives for whom certain antibiotics have been prescribed.

PMID- 3882931
TI  - Periodontal diagnosis. Current status and future needs.
AB  - This literature relating to current methods of periodontal diagnosis is reviewed.
      There exists a future need for objective diagnostic techniques which reflect the
      dynamics of periodontal disease activity.

PMID- 3882932
TI  - Linear variation of the root surface area of the maxillary first molar.
AB  - The variation of root surface area (RSA) in 1-mm increments from the
      cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the apex was determined for the maxillary first
      molar. Twenty extracted maxillary first molars were cross sectioned every
      millimeter, and each section was photographed, projected and measured with a
      calibrated opisometer. The RSA and percentage of RSA were calculated for each 1
      mm section. The location of furcation entrances, root separations and roofs of
      the furcations was also determined. Analysis of the mean measurements
      demonstrated that (1) the largest per cent of RSAs were found in the furcation
      area; (2) the mean distance from the CEJ was 3.6 mm for the mesial furcation
      entrance, 4.2 mm for the facial furcation entrance and 4.8 mm for the distal
      furcation entrance; (3) the mean distance from the CEJ to the point at which the
      roots separate from the root trunk was 5.0 mm for the mesiobuccal root and 5.5 mm
      for the distobuccal root; (4) in 11 of the 20 teeth the roof of the furcation was
      coronal to all root separations, forming a concave dome between roots. According
      to the individual and mean measurements, horizontal attachment loss of 6.0 mm or
      greater would have resulted in Grade III furcation involvement in all the teeth
      studied.

PMID- 3882933
TI  - Identification of Langerhans cells in human gingival epithelium.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to qualitatively compare three recent techniques of
      Langerhans cells detection in oral epithelium and to quantitatively compare
      Langerhans cells in clinically normal and clinically inflamed human gingival
      biopsies. Eleven subjects were selected who displayed chronic periodontitis and
      moderate gingival inflammation. A quadrant associated with clinically inflamed
      tissues was not treated, while the remaining teeth were scaled and root-planed.
      Two gingival biopsies were taken: clinically normal, treated tissue; and
      clinically inflamed, untreated tissue. Langerhans cells were stained using HLD
      DR, S-100 and OKT6. They were quantitated using a standard grid for OKT6-stained
      sections only. Approximately 5 times as many Langerhans cells were identified in
      the biopsy specimens of clinically inflamed human gingiva as in clinically normal
      gingiva of the same patient. Of the methods studied, OKT6 was qualitatively
      determined to be the best for visualization of these cells. An immunologic role
      in the host response to chronic periodontal disease is postulated for Langerhans
      cells.

PMID- 3882934
TI  - Determination of the presence of root-bound endotoxin using the local Shwartzman
      phenomenon (LSP).
AB  - The purpose of these studies was to determine, by attempting to elicit the local
      Shwartzman phenomenon (LSP), if the material extracted from periodontally
      involved root surfaces is actually endotoxin or only an endotoxin-like substance.
      A total of 719 periodontally involved teeth and 201 unerupted third molars
      yielded pooled samples of root surface grindings which were treated with the
      endotoxin extraction technique nonpyrogenic saline or pyrogen-free water. In the
      first study each of the reconstituted extracts was injected into the right
      palatal gingiva of New Zealand white rabbits which had demonstrated the ability
      to elicit an LSP. Commercial Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin was injected into
      the left (control) palatal gingiva. This was followed 18 hours later by a
      provoking injection of 200 to 300 microgram S enteritidis endotoxin in a marginal
      ear vein. In the second study, reconstituted extracts were injected into the
      right side of the abdomen of New Zealand white rabbits. The left (control) side
      received varying amounts of S enteritidis endotoxin. Twelve hours later each
      animal received a provoking injection of 400 microgram of S enteritidis endotoxin
      in a marginal ear vein. In both studies the animals were examined 6 hours later
      for visual signs of an LSP. After sacrifice, the tissues were prepared and
      histologic sections evaluated by two examiners who were unaware of how the
      specimens had been treated. The results indicated that a heat-stable, phenol
      water extractable and highly irritating substance could be obtained from
      periodontally involved root surfaces. However, it is questionable if the
      substance extracted was actually endotoxin. If a true endotoxin, it was present
      only in extremely small amounts.

PMID- 3882935
TI  - Learning to live with dialysis; Part II. Dialysis vs. transplant to each his own.

PMID- 3882936
TI  - Cardiac cholinergic muscarinic receptors: changes in multiple affinity forms with
      down-regulation.
AB  - The isolated working rat heart exhibits dynamic changes in the cholinergic
      muscarinic receptor in response to perfusion with the acetylcholine congener
      methacholine. For example, perfusion with 4 microM methacholine for 2.5 hr
      mediates a statistically significant and reversible 10 to 15% decrease in
      receptor content in right atrium and left atrium and ventricle. The muscarinic
      receptor exhibits a single affinity state for antagonists but multiple affinity
      states for receptor agonists. When agonist 3H-antagonist competition experiments
      are performed, the concentration dependence of displacement by agonists is
      flattened and extends over more than 2 log units. From such curves, it is
      difficult to extract values for the relative proportions of the multiple
      receptors or their KD values by inspection. We have developed a procedure for
      plotting the competition curves so that the KD values and proportion of multiple
      receptor forms can be estimated graphically. We determined these more accurately
      by computer using a nonlinear least-squares analysis. After perfusion of
      methacholine for 1 hr, there were increases in the KD of the low and high
      affinity forms of the receptor in the right and left atria. After 2.5 hr of
      perfusion, the KD of the high-affinity form increased further in the left atrium.
      In the right atrium, the two affinity states were converted into a single state
      of low affinity. Although there was a significant decrease in the amount of
      receptor in left ventricle, there were no changes in the KD values or proportions
      of the two states. All changes in receptor reversed during an additional 2.5 hr
      of perfusion without methacholine.

PMID- 3882937
TI  - Prosthetic contingencies for future tooth loss.
AB  - Possible contingencies for future natural tooth loss that can and should be built
      into prostheses have been reviewed. These contingencies provide a measure of
      security to the patient and the dentist when attempting to maintain teeth that
      appear to have a guarded prognosis. Without a contingency these questionable
      teeth would be extracted early in therapy from fear that a completely new
      prosthesis would have to be made if they were lost at a later time. In
      maintaining more natural teeth, the patient has better function, more occlusal
      and vertical support, longer maintenance of the alveolar ridge, more support for
      the prosthesis, and more remaining teeth to share all the forces. This approach
      of building in contingencies for future tooth loss allows the patient and the
      dentist the freedom to attempt therapy on abutments with a guarded prognosis with
      little financial risk.

PMID- 3882938
TI  - Transmission electron microscopy of plaque accumulations in denture stomatitis.
AB  - Denture pellicle in denture stomatitis has been studied with transmission
      electron microscopy after embedding the denture base in a water-miscible resin in
      seven patients with heavy plaque deposits on their dentures and in five patients
      with no apparent plaque accumulation. In the first group, the denture surface was
      covered by a well differentiated granular pellicle. A cell-free zone was
      interposed between the pellicle and the plaque, which consisted predominantly of
      rounded, rod-shaped, and filamentous microorganisms with a loose distribution,
      separated by an electron-lucent amorphous and gel-like matrix. C. albicans were
      scattered among the bacteria and often presented with degenerated cytoplasm. In
      the second group, a structurally heterogeneous pellicle was seen adjacent to the
      denture surface. A thin plaque that consisted mainly of dense accumulations of C.
      albicans, a narrow dense matrix, and few bacteria was found. Calculus
      accumulations on the dentures consisted of amicrobial calcifications in the
      deeper layers, whereas the superficial parts showed bacterial calcifications.

PMID- 3882939
TI  - Retentive properties of a new post and core system.
AB  - Fifty Flexi-Posts were cemented in extracted teeth and tested for tensile
      strength. The Flexi-Post was the most retentive post tested when compared with
      posts used in a similar study. The retention of the Flexi-Post became greater as
      the size of the post increased.

PMID- 3882940
TI  - Impression technique for construction of a crown or fixed partial denture.

PMID- 3882941
TI  - Technique for applying porcelain to pontics of fixed partial dentures.
AB  - A technique has been presented to be used to make pontics for metal-ceramic fixed
      partial dentures. Use of the porcelain/wax system is advantageous, especially
      when multiple pontics are involved.

PMID- 3882942
TI  - Laboratory pitfalls that contribute to embrasure clasp failure.
AB  - Use of an embrasure clasp demands attention to proper clinical preparation and to
      laboratory procedures as well. This article outlined pitfalls that occur in the
      laboratory, and appropriate solutions were offered.

PMID- 3882943
TI  - Quick face-bow remount index.

PMID- 3882944
TI  - Fit of three porcelain-fused-to-metal marginal designs in vivo: a scanning
      electron microscope study.
AB  - This study examined the comparative fit in vivo of three types of PFM crown
      margins. Marginal openings were measured with an SEM on replicas derived from
      elastomeric impressions. There was no significant difference among beveled metal
      margins, metal butt margins, or porcelain butt margins either before or after
      cementation at the 95% confidence level. This study has shown that it is possible
      under clinical conditions to consistently produce porcelain butt margins with
      less than 50 micron marginal opening in PFM restorations.

PMID- 3882945
TI  - Marginal opening of single and twin platinum foil-bonded aluminous porcelain
      crowns.
AB  - The marginal openings of single and twin foil-bonded aluminous porcelain crowns
      were compared in crowns fabricated indirectly for extracted teeth and directly on
      typodont teeth. The crowns were cemented with zinc phosphate, embedded in
      plastic, and sectioned. Marginal opening was measured directly with a traveling
      microscope. There was no significant difference between the marginal openings of
      twin- and single-foil crowns fabricated indirectly for extracted teeth. When the
      crowns were constructed directly on typodont teeth to eliminate the variables of
      impression-making and die fabrication, the single-foil crowns possessed a
      significantly smaller marginal opening than the twin-foil crowns. Both the twin-
      and single-foil complete porcelain crowns resulted in clinically acceptable
      margins. The single-foil crowns were easier to make.

PMID- 3882946
TI  - Surface preparation and shear bond strength of the casting-cement interface.

PMID- 3882947
TI  - An in vivo study of cuspal fracture.

PMID- 3882948
TI  - A varnish to prevent etching unrestored enamel.
AB  - The prognosis of acid-etched enamel was investigated in both laboratory and
      clinical experiments. Acid etching produced irregularities even on the prismless
      layer that covers prism enamel. The irregularities produced by etching are not
      remineralized in vivo but are filled with organic debris. Brushing reduced the
      depth of the irregularities but did not eliminate them. A protective varnish
      against acid etching was developed. The varnish also serves as a guide to
      facilitate removal of excess resin beyond the cavosurface margin.

PMID- 3882949
TI  - Clinical long-term study of complete denture wearers.
AB  - Thirty-two patients initially treated with a complete denture in the maxilla or
      mandible were examined after 21 years. The examination included a questionnaire
      plus clinical and radiographic examinations. Denture function was assessed in
      general as very good or fairly good by the patients, but about half of the
      subjects also felt that the dentures needed some attention. The patients
      generally had a high evaluation of their chewing ability. The functional state of
      the masticatory system, both according to patients' reports and the clinical
      signs, was generally good compared with previously published epidemiologic
      studies. The denture quality and tissue health were far from optimum according to
      prosthodontic criteria. By overall judgment, 14 patients needed new dentures and
      six needed relining, occlusal adjustment, or repair. Tracing of cephalometric
      radiographs showed wide variations in bone resorption among patients.

PMID- 3882950
TI  - Management of the mucolabial fold when developing impressions for complete
      dentures.
AB  - All patients have loose nonkeratinized unattached mucosa in the anterior labial
      vestibule. The degree of possible distortion varies with each patient and with
      different recording techniques. Some distortion is possible in all patients.
      Common errors made when manipulating this tissue during impression procedures for
      complete dentures have been described. An effort to compensate for the errors in
      the finished denture will not correct them. Manipulation of the mucolabial fold
      must be done correctly during the border molding procedure. If not, the only
      recourse may be to reline the denture, and care should be taken not to repeat the
      errors.

PMID- 3882951
TI  - Studies of biologic parameters for denture design. Part III: Effects of occlusal
      adjustment, base retention, and fit on masseter muscle activity and masticatory
      performance.
AB  - EMG recordings of ipsilateral and contralateral masseter muscles and standardized
      masticatory performance tests were made in 20 denture wearers before and after
      modifications were made to their clinically unsatisfactory dentures. The
      improvement of retention and stability by correction of gross occlusal
      prematurities and by the use of a denture adhesive or base reline with a soft
      tissue-conditioning material did not significantly alter the chewing performance
      or muscle activity during mastication in denture wearers. The results support our
      previous findings that the influence of denture factors on chewing ability of
      denture wearers is limited. To avoid variations in EMG activity caused by changes
      in electrode positions, all tests for a given subject were made at the same
      sitting. Thus the study design did not provide time to denture wearers for their
      neuromuscular mechanism to adapt to the modifications prior to testing
      masticatory function. A replication of this study that permits sufficient
      adaptation time after each modification is suggested to validate the findings.

PMID- 3882952
TI  - Diagnostic significance of denture complaints.
AB  - An inventory of denture complaints should be completed by patients who request
      replacement dentures prior to a diagnostic interview. Patient responses are often
      more spontaneous and unguarded and will reveal problems that might otherwise
      remain concealed. A more fruitful interview with the dentist will facilitate the
      information of a treatment plan that will satisfy that patient's need.

PMID- 3882953
TI  - Reaction of the anterior abutment of a Kennedy Class II removable partial denture
      to various clasp arm designs: an in vitro study.
AB  - Five clasp arm designs were selected for in vitro testing of the anterior
      abutment of a Kennedy Class II removable partial denture. The clasps were a
      circumferential clasp with the cast retentive arm placed at the survey line, a
      circumferential clasp with a cast retentive arm placed into a mesiofacial
      undercut of 0.01 inch, a circumferential clasp with a wrought wire retentive arm
      placed into a mesiofacial undercut of 0.01 inch, a buccal I-bar placed at the
      greatest facial curvature into a 0.01 inch undercut, and a half T-bar buccal arm
      placed into a 0.01 inch distofacial undercut. The relative movement of the
      abutments was recorded by a polygraph on a line from a point of force in the
      extension and through the rest seat of the anterior abutment, 90 degrees from the
      first direction, and vertically in the long axis of the abutment. The amount of
      movement of the abutment tested varied relative to the clasp design and the
      directions recorded. The cast circumferential arm placed at the survey line
      consistently showed less movement, and a cast circumferential arm placed into an
      undercut showed the greatest total movement. The decision to use any of these
      clasp arm designs should be correlated with other clinical conditions that are
      present for a specific patient.

PMID- 3882954
TI  - Observations on Indian neurology.

PMID- 3882955
TI  - Governments may damage your health. The FitzPatrick Lecture 1984.

PMID- 3882956
TI  - A patient of Sir Thomas Browne's.

PMID- 3882957
TI  - Historical note (obstetrical forceps and Dr. Peter Chamberlen)

PMID- 3882958
TI  - Francis Brett Young: general practitioner, novelist and poet.

PMID- 3882959
TI  - Auto- and iso-antigens of human spermatozoa detected by immunoblotting with human
      sera after SDS-PAGE.
AB  - A sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic system for analysis
      of the proteins of human spermatozoa was established. Subsequent immunoblotting
      of the gels with human sera gave a reproducible immunolabelling of distinctive
      polypeptide bands. To identify auto- and isoantigens, 28 well-characterized sera
      from the WHO Reference Bank for Reproductive Immunology (1977, Acta Pathol.
      Microbiol. Scand. Sect. C, Suppl. 252) containing agglutinating and complement
      fixating antibodies (9 female (F) and 19 male (M) and 30 normal sera (14 F and 16
      M) were analysed with reference to binding of IgG. Three spermatozoal antigens
      with Mr values in reduced state of 120,000 (6), 41,000 (6) and 32,000 (15) were
      found to be specifically correlated to the agglutinating activity of the reactive
      sea. (The number of these are given in parentheses). Furthermore, IgG from 2 and
      3 of the normal sera and 14 and 17 of the agglutinating sera reacted with 78 and
      64 kDA polypeptide, respectively. Identical binding patterns of IgG to
      spermatozoal polypeptides were obtained with IgG from male and female sera. The
      IgG-binding could not be correlated to the modes of spermatozoal agglutination.
      In a similar analysis of the IgM binding antigens of 21 agglutinating and 12
      normal sera no differences in binding between the sera were found, except for a
      specific reaction to a 78 kDa antigen for 5 of the agglutinating sera.

PMID- 3882960
TI  - Single ultrasonic estimation of fetal weight in utero compared with birth weight.
AB  - A single ultrasonic determination of fetal weight in utero was made in 270
      singleton pregnancies. Infants were divided by birth weights into two groups,
      less than and greater than the 50th percentile. Ultrasonically determined fetal
      weight correlated with birth weight (R2 greater than or equal to 0.52) beyond 33
      weeks' gestation. Mean fetal weights measured by ultrasound at various stages of
      gestation correlated well with published values.

PMID- 3882961
TI  - The drug trade in antiquity.

PMID- 3882962
TI  - Outline of the history of the Section of Neurology of the Royal Society of
      Medicine.

PMID- 3882963
TI  - Medical botany in northern Italy in the Renaissance.

PMID- 3882964
TI  - English surgery and Portugal.

PMID- 3882965
TI  - Diagnosis of food sensitivity in childhood asthma.

PMID- 3882966
TI  - Pepstatin-derived inhibitors of aspartic proteinases. A close look at an apparent
      transition-state analogue inhibitor.

PMID- 3882967
TI  - Use of physicochemical parameters in distance geometry and related three
      dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships: a demonstration using
      Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors.
AB  - In earlier distance geometry related three-dimensional quantitative structure
      activity relationships (Ghose, A. K.; Crippen, G. M. J. Med. Chem. 1984, 27, 901)
      the interactions of the ligand atom or group with the receptor site were
      evaluated empirically by using mathematical optimization techniques, without
      considering their physicochemical properties. In the present work we show how to
      use various physicochemical parameters in our three-dimensional receptor mapping.
      We have developed a model for E. coli DHFR using the inhibition data of 25
      pyrimidines and 14 triazines. It gave a correlation coefficient of 0.893 and
      standard deviation of 0.530. It successfully predicted the binding data of five
      pyrimidines and five triazines.

PMID- 3882968
TI  - Medical students' attitudes on physician fraud and abuse in the Medicare and
      Medicaid programs.
AB  - The authors in this paper report the findings of a survey of medical students at
      the University of California, Irvine, California College of Medicine regarding
      their views on the Medicare and Medicaid programs and on the problem of fraud and
      abuse in these government medical benefit programs. The students were asked their
      views on four issues: (a) the quality of various aspects of Medicare and
      Medicaid; (b) the seriousness and prevalence of physician fraud and abuse in the
      programs; (c) the punishment that should be given to violators; and (d) the
      causes and prevention of fraud and abuse in Medicare and Medicaid. They viewed
      fraud and abuse as serious but not as being widespread. They believed that
      physicians who violate program regulations are not likely to be punished by
      official agencies. They favored moderate penalties for violations. Explanations
      offered by the students for fraud and abuse focused on physicians' attitudes and
      motivations as well as on the structure of the Medicare and Medicaid programs.

PMID- 3882969
TI  - A methodological basis for SEM autoradiography: biosynthesis and radioligand
      binding.
AB  - A method is described for scanning electron microscope (SEM) autoradiography
      whereby preservation of high resolution cell surface details is retained together
      with degelatination of the emulsion without gross loss or redistribution of
      silver grains. This method should provide a convenient medium-sized marker for
      SEM (using secondary, backscattered electron and X-ray imaging) topographic
      studies of biosynthesized molecules, and of cell surface receptors and antigens,
      using indirect or direct labelling procedures with radio-labelled ligands.

PMID- 3882970
TI  - Further thoughts on directional cell movement during morphogenesis.
AB  - This essay discusses the directional movements of metazoan tissue cells
      generally, with special emphasis on neurons, in an attempt to show that the
      directional movements of all share fundamental similarities.

PMID- 3882971
TI  - Influences of the neural cell adhesion molecule on axon growth and guidance.
AB  - The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) has been shown to be a ligand in the
      formation of cell-cell bonds. This molecule is present on essentially the entire
      surface of differentiated nerve cells, including the cell body, neurite shaft,
      and growth cone. In mediating membrane-membrane adhesion, NCAM appears to ligate
      with itself, and one of its most obvious functions is in the self-association of
      nerve fibers to form fascicles. In most cases fasciculation occurs by the
      successive elongation of axons along other axons and, therefore, is likely to
      represent a growth cone-neurite shaft interaction as well as a shaft-to-shaft
      adhesion. Competition between neurite shafts and the surrounding substrate for
      growth cone adhesion probably represents a major factor in the branching of nerve
      bundles. In addition to neurons, NCAM appears on some glial and muscle cells.
      Recent experiments suggest that this molecule is involved in growth cone guidance
      along adhesive pathways on glial precursors in the vertebrate central nervous
      system, and in the initial interaction of axons with muscle prior to
      synaptogenesis.

PMID- 3882972
TI  - Cytoplasmic morphology weaver (wv) mouse cerebellar neurons at the culture
      substratum.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the structural basis for the
      hypermotility and impaired growth cone elongation of the homozygous weaver
      (wv/wv) mouse cerebellar granule cell neurons in culture. Two-day cultures of
      dissociated week-old normal (+/+) and wv/wv cerebellum were processed for
      electron microscopy of intact cells and cytoskeleton. Serial sections parallel to
      and starting from the substrate were examined. Fine-caliber neurites of normal
      granule cells are packed with parallel arrays of microtubules at all levels.
      Microfilament-packed microspikes are present at substrate level emanating from a
      cortical microfilament lattice at the terminus of neurites of varying length.
      Homozygous weaver granule cells at substrate level have lateral cytoplasmic
      extensions along the neurite. Microtubules that curve throughout the neurite are
      separated by cytoplasm. The lateral extensions and growth cone cytoplasmic
      projections contain microfilaments and occasionally microtubules. Microfilament
      packed microspikes are not observed. Immunofluorescent detection of actin
      confirms the ultrastructural picture. A hallmark of the wv/wv cytopathology is
      the presence of large numbers of coated vesicles throughout the neurite shaft at
      the cell-substratum interface. These are rare at similar locations in +/+
      neurites. We hypothesize that reduced tension in the growth cone and neurite
      owing to the presence of lateral extensions and absence of stable microspikes are
      responsible for the impaired elongation and hypermotility of mutant neurons.

PMID- 3882973
TI  - Composite skin graft: frozen dermal allografts support the engraftment and
      expansion of autologous epidermis.
AB  - Rapid closure of burn wounds significantly reduces the complications associated
      with thermal injury. Successful wound coverage, however, is often limited by the
      lack of suitable autografts. To circumvent this limitation a composite graft was
      developed which combines the utility and availability of allogeneic skin with the
      permanence of an autograft. Composite grafts were first employed in a rat wound
      model and subsequently to treat six patients with thermal injuries. In
      experiments with rats, full-thickness excised (1") wounds were prepared on
      thoracic walls, covered with previously frozen allograft skin, dressed, and
      secured. Five days later, the dead epidermis was removed and trypsin
      disaggregated syngeneic epidermal cells applied to the exposed dermal surface.
      Successful engraftment with complete epidermal coverage could be observed within
      7 to 10 days. In eight patients, split-thickness skin bank allografts were placed
      on full-thickness burn wounds. Four days later the dead epidermis was removed and
      vacuum blister-prepared sheets of autologous epidermis grafted to the exposed
      dermal surface. In all eight patients successful engraftment ensued. Increased
      pigmentation at the site of each original epidermal graft confirmed the stability
      of underlying allograft dermis. Epidermal expansion ranged from 1:20 to 1:100.
      All patients were followed from 10 to 12 months with no demonstrated graft loss
      or significant wound contracture. Composite skin grafts which combine allogeneic
      dermis and an expanded autologous epidermis can effect rapid wound closure and
      will remain stable without evidence of rejection or graft breakdown for at least
      12 months.

PMID- 3882974
TI  - Prospective study of the effect of the recipient bed on skin graft survival after
      thermal injury.
AB  - There is little objective information available on the influence of the graft bed
      on skin graft survival after early excision of the burn wound. Yet surgeons are
      faced daily with the question of whether to graft onto fat after sequential
      excision of the burn eschar, or whether to excise deeper and graft onto muscle or
      fascia. To answer this question 71 consecutive patients were enrolled in a
      prospective study of the effect of the recipient graft bed on skin graft survival
      after thermal injury. These patients included 25 pediatric patients (mean TBSA,
      19.1%) and 46 adult patients (mean TBSA, 25.1%). Overall mean +/- SD graft take
      was 94 +/- 11%. No difference between the per cent of graft take of grafts placed
      on fat (94 +/- 11%) versus fascia (85 +/- 19%) was found (p = 0.21). The results
      of this prospective study indicate that when the burn is too deep to graft onto
      dermis, there does not appear to be any advantage to routinely performing a
      fascial excision to avoid grafting onto a fat or mixed fat/dermal recipient graft
      bed, since the percentage of graft take and the incidence of regrafting are
      similar between these groups.

PMID- 3882975
TI  - Preservation of human skin: a study of two media using the athymic (nude) mouse
      model.
AB  - This study is part of an ongoing attempt to define the optimal conditions for
      short-term storage of viable human skin for auto- or homotransplantation. Roswell
      Park Memorial Institute 1640 (RPMI) media was more convenient to use than Eagle's
      Minimum Essential Medium with HEPES buffer (MEM-H) but functional skin viability
      was not statistically different in the two media. MEM without HEPES buffer did
      not preserve human skin at 20 days storage. The athymic (nude) mouse provides an
      excellent in vivo test of stored human skin functional viability.

PMID- 3882976
TI  - Traumatic pseudoaneurysms of the abdominal aorta.
AB  - The present report describes a patient with a traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the
      abdominal aorta and reviews the past literature. Traumatic aneurysms occur in a
      young patient population, and may present as late as 27 years after initial
      injury. Sonography and computed body tomograms (CBT) with contrast are especially
      useful screening tools. However, aortography is mandatory for complete
      preoperative evaluation. Aortic repair may require either suture aortorrhaphy,
      patch aortoplasty or graft replacement. Adequate exploration and repair at the
      time of initial injury will prevent pseudoaneurysm formation and the potential of
      delayed aortic rupture.

PMID- 3882977
TI  - Frog skin epithelium interactions with a bovine purified type I collagen gel in
      culture.
AB  - Isolated epithelium of the ventral frog skin was superimposed to purified type I
      collagen gels and then cultured. The epithelial anchoring process was dependent
      on the collagenase type used for epithelial isolation. With type I collagenase,
      lamina densa remained attached to the basal epithelial pole and epithelial
      anchorage to the gel was effective. But this anchorage could only take place if
      gels were precoated with culture media supplemented with fetal calf serum. In
      these fibrillar gels, 2 types of collagen striated fibers assemblies occurred. In
      the upper zone, striated fibers assembly was cell-dependent. The basal pole of
      Malpighian cells generated numerous filopodia inserted into the gel. These
      filopodia polarized the collagenous assembly around and along them. In the inner
      zone, aggregates with cholesteric texture were assembled without superimposed
      epithelium. Their shape and width seemed to be related to the acidosoluble
      collagen concentration.

PMID- 3882978
TI  - Diagnostic capabilities of high-resolution scrotal ultrasonography: prospective
      evaluation.
AB  - The use of scrotal ultrasonography has been advanced with the development of high
      resolution real-time equipment. A group of 284 consecutive patients referred for
      scrotal examination was studied ultrasonically and followed over a three-year
      period. Abnormal scrotal contents were accurately detected in 98.5 per cent of
      cases. Separation of testicular from extratesticular pathology was 99 per cent
      accurate. While all malignant testicular lesions could be identified, there were
      examples which could not be differentiated from benign lesions prior to surgical
      exploration and biopsy. However, there are many examples where the ultrasound
      results can change clinical management of the patient.

PMID- 3882979
TI  - The ring-down artifact.
AB  - "Ring-down" is an ultrasound artifact that appears as a solid streak or a series
      of parallel bands radiating away from abdominal gas collections. Using an in
      vitro system of bubbles in water or gelatin, it was found that the ring-down
      artifact originated from the center of a cluster of four bubbles (bubble
      tetrahedron), three on top and one nestled beneath. Entrapped between the bubbles
      is a horn- or bugle-shaped fluid collection that we theorize emits a continuous
      sound wave back to the transducer when struck by an ultrasound pulse. Electronic
      processing by the scanner converts this continuous sound wave into the series of
      bands seen in the ring-down artifact.

PMID- 3882980
TI  - Echogenic hematometra mimicking endometrial carcinoma.

PMID- 3882981
TI  - Antenatal sonographic diagnosis of clubfoot.

PMID- 3882982
TI  - Transient in utero hydronephrosis.

PMID- 3882983
TI  - The normal post-cholecystectomy sonogram: gas vs. clips.
AB  - Although both gas and heavy metals create multiple reverberations, they can be
      distinguished both in vivo and in vitro by the differences in origin (focus) and
      the duration (persistence) of the artifact. A phantom experiment showed that
      surgical clip artifacts emanate from short echogenic foci, and are persistent,
      whereas gas foci are either long or short, with evanescent artifacts. In 78
      consecutive post-cholecystectomy patients, 96 per cent (24/26) of the patients
      with clips demonstrated multiple reverberation artifacts, whereas 6 per cent
      (2/31) of the patients without clips demonstrated several reverberation
      artifacts. Analyzing these characteristics as well as the positional
      relationships of reverberation artifacts in the porta hepatis and gallbladder
      fossa should enable one to suspect the post-cholecystectomy state and
      differentiate from an abnormal gas collection.

PMID- 3882984
TI  - Ultrasonographic antenatal demonstration of primary megaureters.

PMID- 3882985
TI  - In utero diagnosis of crossed renal ectopia using high-resolution real-time
      ultrasound.

PMID- 3882986
TI  - Combined continuous wave Doppler and radionuclide delay methods versus
      angiography in detection of vertebral basilar arterial obstruction.
AB  - Noninvasive diagnosis of vertebral artery disease is difficult, but the combined
      use of Doppler ultrasonography and dynamic radionuclide studies, with measurement
      of the carotid-basilar delay (CBD), increases the sensitivity and can indicate
      the level (cervical or distal) of the lesion. Forty patients with cerebrovascular
      disease were studied by continuous wave Doppler and CBD and the results were
      compared with vertebral angiograms. The mean normal CBD value was determined for
      a control group of 18 patients. Sensitivity and specificity were 87.5 per cent
      and 75 per cent, respectively, for Doppler alone, and 100 per cent and 60 per
      cent for combined Doppler and CBD.

PMID- 3882987
TI  - Transvaginal pelvic ultrasonography: accuracy in follicle and cyst size
      determination.
AB  - Transvaginal pelvic ultrasonography has recently been shown to be of value in
      assessing female pelvic anatomy, allowing the sonographer to scan from a plane of
      orientation 90 degrees to the conventional transabdominal scanning plane.
      Follicle and cyst measurements using the transvaginal technique were compared
      with conventional transabdominal measurements in 26 patients. No clinical
      difference was demonstrated between the accuracy of transvaginal follicle or cyst
      size measurements and the accuracy of measurements obtained by transabdominal
      scanning. Therefore, measurements of follicles or cysts obtained by the
      transvaginal technique may be used for patient management.

PMID- 3882988
TI  - Computer-assisted evaluation of ultrasonic fetal weight prediction using multiple
      regression equations with and without the fetal femur length.
AB  - Ultrasonic fetal femur length (FL) measurement provides an accurate fetal length.
      Combined with cross-sectional dimensions such as the biparietal diameter (BPD)
      and abdominal circumference (AC), FL provides a three-dimensional profile of the
      fetus. The usefulness of incorporating FL measurements into weight-predicting
      regression equations containing the BPD and AC was assessed. Multiple regression
      equations containing these three parameters as a function of log10 birthweight
      were constructed from data obtained from 125 patients within 48 hours of
      delivery. The mean errors in fetal weight prediction derived from five of these
      equations were assessed in another 92 patients. The coefficients of multiple
      correlation were marginally better in those equations that contained FL. The mean
      differences were also slightly lower with these equations compared with those
      that did not contain FL. However, the mean differences derived from all the
      equations were not significantly different from each other (P greater than 0.05).
      Therefore, despite theoretical considerations, the results from this study do not
      justify the routine clinical use of these new equations containing FL to estimate
      intrauterine fetal weight, in replacement of existing charts based on BPD and AC.

PMID- 3882989
TI  - Metastatic tumors in the breast: sonographic findings.
AB  - The sonographic findings observed in eight patients with metastatic tumors in the
      breast were reviewed. Solitary breast nodules were present in four patients;
      multiple metastases were seen in the other four patients, with bilateral lesions
      in two of them. A total number of 20 breast masses was appreciated. All lesions
      had a round or oval shape and hypoechoic, solid echopattern, when compared with
      the surrounding breast parenchyma. In three patients, they presented with many
      small medium-level internal echoes while, in the other five patients they were
      almost anechoic, with only a few low-level echoes within. Regular and well
      defined margins were seen in four patients; in the remaining four patients,
      irregular walls were seen. The posterior walls of the lesions were well defined,
      and great acoustic attenuation was never seen. In one case, slight acoustic
      enhancement was present posterior to the lesions from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
      Multiple masses in the same patient always had the same sonographic features.
      While evaluating a breast mass in a patient with a known malignancy elsewhere in
      the body, the absence of an acoustic shadow posterior to the lesion may allow the
      metastatic nature of the disease to be considered as a diagnostic possibility.

PMID- 3882990
TI  - Evaluation of ultrasonic obstetrical parameters by hand-held calculator.
AB  - One consequence of the development of the use of ultrasound in obstetrics is the
      multiplication of parameters studied by the ultrasonographer. This has prompted
      the development of expensive computerized systems to assist the person doing the
      examination in evaluating his results. A program designed to be used with a
      relatively inexpensive, hand-held calculator is described. It gives the
      gestational age corresponding to the most commonly measured dimensions, the
      estimation of fetal weight of the examined fetus, and numerous other parameters
      used in clinical interpretation of ultrasound examinations.

PMID- 3882991
TI  - Minimal fetal renal pyelectasis.
AB  - To assess the possible relationship between the degree of maternal hydration and
      the sonographic identification of minimal fetal renal pyelectasis, a prospective
      study was performed in which fetuses demonstrating mild dilation of the renal
      pelvis (maximum diameter ranging from 3 to 11 mm) were reexamined after the
      mothers refrained from oral intake for 12 hours. Complete or almost complete
      resolution of the pyelectasis occurred in only four of 17 kidneys (23.5 per cent)
      while the remaining fetal kidneys demonstrated little or no change in the degree
      of pyelectasis following maternal dehydration. This observation, as well as
      previous experimental research, suggests that the state of maternal oral
      hydration is not a major cause of minimal fetal pyelectasis. Additionally, the
      observation of fetal pyelectasis measuring at least 3 mm in greatest dimension is
      common, occurring in approximately 18 per cent of fetuses older than 24 menstrual
      weeks.

PMID- 3882992
TI  - Scrotal lymphocele: a complication of renal transplant surgery.

PMID- 3882993
TI  - Vertebral artery occlusion producing lateral medullary syndrome diagnosed by
      pulsed Doppler ultrasound.

PMID- 3882994
TI  - Emphysematous pyelonephritis in a renal transplant: sonographic and computed
      tomographic features.

PMID- 3882995
TI  - A deletion mutation in the 5' part of the pol gene of Moloney murine leukemia
      virus blocks proteolytic processing of the gag and pol polyproteins.
AB  - Deletion mutations in the 5' part of the pol gene of Moloney murine leukemia
      virus were generated by restriction enzyme site-directed mutagenesis of cloned
      proviral DNA. DNA sequence analysis indicated that one such deletion was
      localized entirely within the 5' part of the pol gene, did not affect the region
      encoding reverse transcriptase, and preserved the translational reading frame
      downstream of the mutation. The major viral precursor polyproteins (Pr65gag,
      Pr200gag-pol, and gPr80env) were synthesized at wild-type levels in cell lines
      carrying the mutant genome. These cell lines assembled and released wild-type
      levels of virion particles into the medium. Cleavage of both Pr65gag and Pr200gag
      pol precursors to the mature proteins was completely blocked in the mutant
      virions. Surprisingly, these virions contained high levels of active reverse
      transcriptase; examination of the endogenous reverse transcription products
      synthesized by the mutant virions revealed normal amounts of minus-strand strong
      stop DNA, indicating that the RNA genome was packaged and that reverse
      transcription in detergent-permeabilized virions was not significantly impaired.
      Processing of gPr80env to gP70env and P15E was not affected by the mutation, but
      cleavage of P15E to P12E was not observed. The mutant particles were poorly
      infectious; analysis indicated that infection was blocked at an early stage. The
      data are consistent with the idea that the 5' part of the pol gene encodes a
      protease directly responsible for processing Pr65gag, and possibly Pr200gag-pol,
      to the structural virion proteins. It appears that cleavage of the gag gene
      product is not required for budding and release of virions and that complete
      processing of the pol gene product to the mature form of reverse transcriptase is
      not required for its functional activation.

PMID- 3882997
TI  - Propagation of nephropathia epidemica virus in Mongolian gerbils.
AB  - Nephropathia epidemica virus, the etiological agent of hemorrhagic fever with
      renal syndrome in Scandinavia, was serially propagated in Mongolian gerbils
      (Meriones unguiculatus). Intracerebrally inoculated suckling gerbils developed
      subclinical infections, with viral antigen found in lung, brain, liver and
      spleen. The distribution of viral antigen was similar to that seen in
      experimentally infected bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus), the principal wild
      rodent reservoir of nephropathia epidemica virus. This model provides a readily
      available animal host for the study of experimental nephropathia epidemica virus
      infection.

PMID- 3882996
TI  - Measles virus P gene codes for two proteins.
AB  - The entirety of the phosphoprotein gene of measles virus has been sequenced. The
      gene is composed of 1,657 nucleotides and specifies a 507-amino-acid protein (P).
      A second overlapping reading frame was predicted from the sequence and specifies
      a 186-amino-acid protein (C). Through the use of antisynthetic peptide
      antibodies, we show that both proteins are expressed in virally infected cells.
      Both proteins are expressed from a functionally bicistronic mRNA through
      independent initiation of ribosomes at the respective AUG codons. Using
      immunofluorescent microscopy, we localized the C protein in the nucleus and in
      cytoplasmic inclusions within the infected cells.

PMID- 3882998
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies specific for African swine fever virus proteins.
AB  - We have obtained 60 stable hybridomas which produced immunoglobulins that
      recognized 12 proteins from African swine fever virus particles and African swine
      fever virus-infected cells. Most of the monoclonal antibodies were specific for
      the three major structural proteins p150, p72, and p12. The specificity of some
      monoclonal antibodies for the structural proteins p150 and p37 and the
      nonstructural proteins p220 and p60 indicated that proteins p150 and p220 are
      antigenically related to proteins p37 and p60. The association of some viral
      antigens to specific subcellular components was determined by immunofluorescence
      and analysis of the binding of monoclonal antibodies to infected cells. A host
      protein (p24) seemed to be associated with the virus particles.

PMID- 3882999
TI  - The role of hemodynamic factors in the initiation and progression of renal
      disease.

PMID- 3883000
TI  - Renal and perirenal infection: the role of computerized tomography.
AB  - Predisposing factors, onset of symptoms to diagnosis interval, computerized
      tomography findings and the impact of computerized tomography on the outcome were
      studied retrospectively in 24 patients with renal or perirenal infections. The
      most common predisposing factors were diabetes mellitus and urinary tract
      calculi. The mean interval from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 6.8 days.
      The most common computerized tomography findings were thickening of Gerota's
      fascia, renal enlargement, focal decreased renal attenuation, perirenal fluid and
      focal gas. Four patients died despite early diagnosis and appropriate therapy.
      Computerized tomography aided in the diagnosis, assessment of the extent of
      disease, treatment and followup. Computerized tomography is the most direct
      method to evaluate patients with suspected renal or perirenal infection, although
      mortality may not be altered significantly.

PMID- 3883001
TI  - Selective pre-transplant nephrectomy: indications and perioperative management.
AB  - From May 1977 to June 1983, 198 patients were accepted as candidates for renal
      transplantation at our university. We review our experience with 14 consecutive
      patients who underwent selective pre-transplant nephrectomy during this interval.
      Indications for this procedure included recurrent or chronic pyelonephritis,
      structural abnormalities of the urinary tract predisposing the patient to
      infection, malignant or renin-dependent hypertension, Goodpasture's disease,
      certain cases of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and selected patients
      with polycystic kidneys. All patients underwent dialysis 1 day preoperatively.
      Perioperative fluid losses were measured carefully with prompt and vigorous
      replacement therapy. Patients received an average of 5,890 cc fluid replacement
      before postoperative dialysis. All patients underwent dialysis within 29 hours
      postoperatively. There were no postoperative deaths and 8 complications.
      Selective pre-transplant nephrectomy has spared 93 per cent of potential renal
      transplant candidates from a major surgical procedure. No patient has required
      removal of the original kidneys during the post-transplant period. Our experience
      has shown that the reluctance to hydrate these patients is unwarranted and that
      prompt postoperative dialysis, if required, is safe. Since some end stage kidneys
      are physiologically active and the associated surgical risk is high, pre
      transplant nephrectomy should be performed only in carefully selected patients.
      In contrast to previous reports, which advocated minimal fluid administration and
      delayed postoperative dialysis, our recent experience indicates that vigorous
      fluid replacement therapy, carefully monitored with serial vital signs, weights,
      serum electrolytes and central venous pressure readings, will avert many of the
      complications encountered previously.

PMID- 3883002
TI  - Experience with pyeloureterostomy associated with simple ligation of native
      ureter without ipsilateral nephrectomy in renal transplantation.
AB  - Ureteroneocystostomy was used as the primary method of urinary tract
      reconstruction in 282 allograft renal transplants at our center since 1965. A
      nonrefluxing anastomosis was incorporated whenever possible. Seven patients who
      suffered major urological complications involving the ureteroneocystostomy
      required pyeloureterostomy as the method of repair using the patient's distal
      native ureter. No ipsilateral nephrectomy was performed and simple ligation of
      the native ureter with nonabsorbable suture was accomplished. Of the 7 patients 3
      suffered hydronephrosis of the native kidney. None of these patients had signs or
      symptoms secondary to acute and chronic ureteral occlusion. Our experience
      suggests that intentional ligation of the native ureter during pyeloureterostomy
      does not result in increased morbidity to the transplant patient, and that the
      need for ipsilateral nephrectomy with its own added morbidity may not be
      necessary.

PMID- 3883003
TI  - Experience with 170 cases of posterior urethral strictures during 7 years.
AB  - Various types of urethroplasty and visual urethrotomy should not be regarded as
      competitive with each other for a particular case of urethral stricture. Rather,
      they should be regarded as complementary procedures available for the cure of
      different types of strictures, with each having its indications as well as
      limitations. In cases of post-traumatic strictures and disruption the best
      solution is complete excision of the pathological segment and bulboprostatic
      anastomosis, either through the perineum when prostatic displacement is absent or
      minimal, or by the transpubic route when the displacement is great. Post
      inflammatory strictures should be corrected by a 2-stage urethroplasty with
      exteriorization of the diseased urethra. Internal visual urethrotomy is reserved
      for short post-traumatic strictures that are limited in length, circumference and
      depth. Free skin grafts are best suited to cover small defects after
      urethroplasty.

PMID- 3883004
TI  - Congenital ureteral valves--an abnormality of ureteral embryogenesis?
AB  - Congenital ureteral valves are a rare cause of obstructive uropathy and the
      majority of cases are diagnosed only at surgery or autopsy. A case of congenital
      ureteral valve associated with an incompletely duplicated kidney is reported and
      the literature on ureteral valves is reviewed. Modern uroradiological and
      endoscopic diagnostic techniques should result in a more precise preoperative
      diagnosis. The high incidence of associated genitourinary anomalies, particularly
      duplication anomalies, suggests abnormal ureteral embryogenesis as an etiological
      factor in congenital ureteral valve formation.

PMID- 3883005
TI  - Progress in renal transplantation.

PMID- 3883006
TI  - Renal allograft rupture: surgical treatment by renal corsetage with lyophilized
      human dura.
AB  - We report 5 cases of renal allograft rupture in which diagnosis was established
      early through clinical data, laboratory tests and echography. Immediate surgery
      confirmed the suspicion in all cases. Acute rejection was present in 4 patients
      and in 1 the previous surgical puncture from the perirenal collection
      demonstrated serohematic fluid with a biological character similar to that of
      lymph. This latter case seemed to confirm the suspicion that any process
      associated with edema in a kidney with obstructed lymphatic tracts (meticulous
      lymphatic ligatures during donor extraction) is capable of causing a rupture.
      Conventional surgical treatment is dangerous and insecure on an edematous and
      friable kidney, resulting in a nephrectomy rate of 55.7 per cent and a
      postoperative death rate of 8 per cent. Hematoma evacuation, hemostasis by local
      compression and tridimensional containment of the ruptured areas should be the
      principles of this operation. By means of renal corsetage with lyophilized human
      dura these principles can be achieved. This surgical technique, which is simple
      and secure, its variations and future possibilities are described. In 3 of our 5
      patients corsetage with lyophilized human dura was applied. All 5 grafts have
      taken. Renal function is good in 3 cases and acceptable in 2 at followup between
      2 and 15 months.

PMID- 3883007
TI  - Renal replantation (orthotopic autotransplantation) for echinococcosis of the
      kidney.
AB  - Ex vivo surgery with replantation of the kidney into the renal fossa was used to
      treat a centrally located renal hydatid cyst in a 44-year-old patient. The
      replanted kidney showed good urographic function 2 months postoperatively.
      Orthotopic replantation of the kidney into its original location is preferred to
      heterotopic autotransplantation into the groin.

PMID- 3883009
TI  - Current status of thrombolytic therapy.
AB  - The optimal role of thrombolytic therapy in clinical practice has not been
      defined precisely. A review of available information indicates that such therapy
      may be useful in a small number of carefully selected patients with deep vein
      thrombosis and/or pulmonary emboli. The superiority of thrombolytic therapy over
      conventional surgery for arterial thrombi has not been convincingly demonstrated.
      Available evidence suggests such therapy should be reserved for those conditions
      in which surgery may be expected to have a poor outcome or be associated with a
      high incidence of complications. Preliminary information suggests thrombolytic
      therapy may be of benefit in selected patients with acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3883008
TI  - Immunohistologic dissection of the human kidney using monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Nine murine monoclonal antibodies which detect differentiation antigens of the
      human kidney are described. Immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase studies
      demonstrate that these antigens are expressed by different cell types comprising
      the nephron. Monoclonal antibody MA99 detects a glycoprotein complex of the
      glomerular basement membrane. Monoclonal antibody S4 detects a glycoprotein of
      160,000 daltons (gp160) expressed by glomerular and proximal tubular epithelial
      cells. Monoclonal antibodies S23, S27 and S6 immunoprecipitate a glycoprotein of
      120,000 daltons (gp120) found on cells of the proximal tubule and portions of
      Henle's loop. Monoclonal antibody C26 identifies a glycoprotein of 40,000 daltons
      (gp40) expressed by cells of the distal and collecting tubules. Monoclonal
      antibodies M2 and S8 are specific for A and B blood group antigens, respectively,
      found on cells of the collecting tubule in individuals of the respective blood
      type. This panel of antibodies is useful in the study of normal renal
      embryogenesis, microanatomy and physiology as well as pathological processes
      including tumors.

PMID- 3883010
TI  - The contribution of spectral analysis to the diagnosis of carotid artery disease.
AB  - Pulsed and continuous-wave Doppler examinations with spectral analysis were
      performed on 258 carotid arteries in 220 patients and compared with multiplane
      contrast angiography. Each artery was examined for stenosis and assigned to one
      of four groups: normal to 19%, 20% to 49%, 50% to 99%, and occlusion. The
      incidence of disease was 70%. Diagnostic sensitivity with all noninvasive
      techniques varied from 76% to 90% depending on the degree of stenosis, with an
      overall accuracy rate of 86%. In an attempt to evaluate the diagnostic
      contribution of spectral analysis, stenosis classification by peak frequency
      alone was compared with that of the full laboratory profile, including spectral
      analysis. In the 147 carotid arteries in which such data were available,
      diagnostic sensitivity was improved with spectral analysis by 8% to 29% depending
      on the degree of stenosis. Detection of occlusions was unchanged. The major
      contribution of spectral analysis was in detecting non-flow-limiting stenoses of
      20% to 49%. Spectral analysis added little to the diagnostic ability of peak
      frequency to detect lesions with greater than 50% stenosis. Spectral analysis of
      either pulsed Doppler or continuous-wave Doppler signals is an accurate
      noninvasive method for evaluating carotid bifurcation disease, which particularly
      improves the detection of non-flow-limiting stenoses.

PMID- 3883011
TI  - Perioperative noninvasive hemodynamic ankle indices as predictors of
      infrainguinal graft patency.
AB  - Of 129 femoropopliteal bypasses, 40 closed in 0 to 42 months. Early and late
      closures were not predicted by pre- or postoperative ankle/brachial pressure
      index (ABPI) or ankle pulse volume recording amplitude (APVR) or their increments
      (delta). Of 141 femorotibial bypasses, 60 closed in 0 to 12 months, with 46
      closing early (less than 1 month). Early failure occurred in 19 of 52 limbs (37%)
      with pre-ABPI less than 0.2 and 17 of 89 limbs (19%) with pre-ABPI greater than
      0.2 (p less than 0.025). Similar significant differences in early patency
      occurred between limbs with pre-APVR less than 5 and greater than 5 mm (29 of 94
      [34%] vs. 7 of 47 [15%], respectively). Late closure was not predicted by either
      value. Thus in the 44 limbs with pre-ABPI greater than 0.2 and pre-APVR greater
      than 5 mm, only 11 grafts closed (25%), whereas if pre-ABPI was less than 0.2 or
      pre-APVR less than 5 mm, 49 of 97 grafts (51%) occluded within 17 months (p less
      than 0.025). Postoperative or delta indices had no predictive value. Preoperative
      ABPI less than 0.2 or APVR less than 5 mm was associated with twice the risk of
      early femorotibial graft closure; however, cumulative life-table patency was
      still 39% at 24 months.

PMID- 3883012
TI  - The use of digitized intravenous angiography in a clinical setting. A
      retrospective review of 58 patients.
AB  - Digitized intravenous angiography (DIVA) is a frequently used alternative to
      conventional intra-arterial angiography for the evaluation of cerebrovascular
      disease. In an attempt to identify factors that may increase the diagnostic
      capacity of DIVA, a retrospective study of 58 patients evaluated by DIVA for
      cerebrovascular disease was performed. The reason for the DIVA study was the
      presence of focal symptoms in 25 patients and nonfocal or vertebrobasilar
      symptoms in nine. Twenty-four patients were asymptomatic. DIVA was found to be
      adequately diagnostic in 37 patients (64%), and further evaluation was required
      in 21 (36%). When the 42 patients who had ocular pneumoplethysmography (OPG-Gee)
      results available were classified according to their presenting symptoms, 85% of
      those with focal symptoms and positive OPG-Gee had a diagnostically successful
      DIVA study. A high DIVA accuracy rate was also obtained in the asymptomatic
      patients, whether the OPG-Gee results were positive (60%) or negative (78%). The
      category of patients for whom the DIVA was the least successful was the group
      with nonfocal or vertebrobasilar symptoms. As many as 56% of these patients
      required additional testing. Thus it appears that the yield of diagnostic DIVA is
      increased when the clinical presentation and noninvasive testing are considered.
      A prospective study is underway to further verify this hypothesis.

PMID- 3883013
TI  - Operative technique for repair of tracheoinnominate artery fistula.
AB  - Tracheoinnominate artery fistula is a relatively rare but highly lethal
      complication for long-term tracheostomy patients that occurs with an estimated
      incidence of 1 out of every 150 tracheostomies performed. Appropriate operative
      technique during tracheostomy and meticulous postoperative care usually prevent
      this devastating lesion. When tracheoinnominate fistula is suspected, immediate
      evaluation under general anesthesia in the operating suite, followed by prompt
      thoracotomy and repair, is essential for the survival of these patients.

PMID- 3883014
TI  - Echo-Doppler (duplex) ultrasonic scanning.
AB  - The combination of pulsed echo with pulsed Doppler provides a system that is
      capable of imaging peripheral arteries and veins and evaluating velocity patterns
      across suspected areas of narrowing. The method has been most widely applied to
      the evaluation of carotid artery disease for the detection and grading of lesions
      in the carotid bulb. Recent experience has suggested that the technique may also
      be applied to the vessels of the limb, the abdominal aorta, visceral arteries,
      and the deep veins. The use of this method is indicated for screening purposes
      and long-term follow-up of patients who have or have not had surgery.

PMID- 3883016
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with Escherichia coli
      O157:H7 enteric infections--United States, 1984.

PMID- 3883015
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography: intravenous and intra-arterial techniques.
AB  - As experience with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) increases, both its
      advantages and disadvantages have become more evident. Although the intravenous
      approach (IV-DSA) is safer and less expensive than conventional arteriography,
      images are frequently suboptimal. Good-quality IV-DSAs quite accurately detect
      hemodynamically significant lesions (sensitivity 92% and specificity 92%) but may
      overlook minor stenoses and wall irregularities (negative predictive value 69%).
      When fine detail is not required, IV-DSA may serve as the definitive radiographic
      examination. The intra-arterial approach (IA-DSA), which provides better images,
      uses less contrast medium, decreases the need for selective catheterization, and
      permits visualization of vessels in areas of sluggish flow, is being used more
      extensively. Careful consideration of the complementary roles of DSA,
      conventional arteriography, and noninvasive testing is necessary to provide
      accurate diagnostic information at the least hazard and expense to the patient.

PMID- 3883018
TI  - Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID- 3883017
TI  - From the NIH. Systolic hypertension therapy trial begins.

PMID- 3883019
TI  - Charles Lasegue and his 'Considerations on Sciatica'.
AB  - The eponym Lasegue sign has been applied to the increase in sciatic pain caused
      by flexing the extended lower extremity on the abdomen. The sign was never put
      into writing by Lasegue but by his pupils. He did not describe the test in the
      usual reference, "Considerations on Sciatica," in 1864. That article has to do
      with his analysis of then-current theories of sciatica and his own clinical
      observations. Sciatica was divided into a benign and a serious form, and two
      examples of each were described. Emphasis was laid on the constant, fixed sciatic
      pain, as contrasted with the irregular, largely nocturnal, episodes of
      lancinating pain. Atrophy of leg muscles was not to be explained on the basis of
      disuse but by a disorder of the nerve, which also was responsible for the typical
      neuralgia, unlike that of any other part of the body except possibly neuralgia of
      the brachial plexus. Treatments currently available (cupping, vesicants, and
      injections of atropine solution) were unavailing. The steps are unknown by which
      Lasegue came to modify his 1864 views that any sort of flexion or extension of
      the lower extremity did not exacerbate the pain; in the 1881 thesis of his pupil,
      Forst, that straight-leg raising sign is described and illustrated and ascribed
      to his teacher, Professor Lasegue.

PMID- 3883020
TI  - Albendazole--objective evidence of response in human hydatid disease.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with cysts caused by Echinococcus granulosus were treated
      with albendazole in a dosage of 10 mg/kg/day. Reversible abnormalities in liver
      cell function tests were seen in five patients. Some radiological evidence of
      remission (on serial computed tomographic or ultrasound scanning) was seen in 15
      of 22 patients undergoing a therapeutic course of albendazole (as opposed to
      those treated before or after surgery). In five patients, the cysts virtually
      disappeared. Apart from reduction in size, the appearance of a halo around the
      cysts and the apparent disappearance of daughter cysts has been seen. Serological
      findings have not correlated well with radiological or clinical improvement.
      Serum and cyst concentrations of albendazole sulfoxide (the principal metabolite)
      have been measured.

PMID- 3883021
TI  - An outbreak of multiple-drug-resistant Salmonella enteritis from raw milk.
AB  - In early 1983, an outbreak of illness caused by raw milk contaminated with
      multiple-antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella typhimurium occurred in Arizona. One
      of the cases involved a 72-year-old woman who died with Salmonella enteritis and
      sepsis that had not responded to treatment with chloramphenicol. The S
      typhimurium isolates from this patient, from other ill persons, and from raw milk
      were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin sulfate, streptomycin,
      sulfonamide, and tetracycline. These resistances were mediated by a 105
      megadalton R plasmid. During the epidemic period, 43% of the S typhimurium
      isolates submitted to the Arizona Department of Health Services were resistant to
      chloramphenicol, and 80% of these possessed the same plasmid resistance. Although
      there was evidence of spread of the S typhimurium in the community, there was no
      evidence of spread of this Salmonella R plasmid to the normal flora of patients
      or their family members a median of 14 weeks after the infection. This outbreak
      demonstrates the ability of drug-resistant Salmonella to spread from the animal
      to the human reservoir and, in a suitable host, produce a fatal infection.

PMID- 3883022
TI  - Commentary on the published results of the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary
      Primary Prevention Trial.

PMID- 3883023
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of mechanical ventilation and positive end-expiratory
      pressure.

PMID- 3883024
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the thickness of the adipose layers of the anterior
      and posterior pelvic regions as sites of subcutaneous injections of insulin].

PMID- 3883025
TI  - Patient with acute myocardial infarction receiving streptokinase therapy in the
      emergency department.

PMID- 3883026
TI  - The President in the emergency department: a nursing perspective (Ronald Reagan).

PMID- 3883028
TI  - Pros and cons of medical antishock trousers.

PMID- 3883027
TI  - Challenges confronting the future of emergency nursing.

PMID- 3883029
TI  - Historical review of emergency medical services, EMT roles, and EMT utilization
      in emergency departments.

PMID- 3883030
TI  - Use of prehospital care providers in emergency departments: a national survey.

PMID- 3883031
TI  - Triage dilemmas and decisions: a tool for continuing education.

PMID- 3883032
TI  - Metabolic and endocrine emergencies.

PMID- 3883033
TI  - Nurses' legal responsibility for other health care team members.

PMID- 3883034
TI  - Intratumor localization of monoclonal antibody in patients with melanoma treated
      with antibody to a 250,000-dalton melanoma-associated antigen.
AB  - Antibody localization at the tumor site was assessed in melanoma patients who
      received the murine monoclonal antibody 9.2.27. Antibody was administered twice
      weekly in escalating doses from 1 to 500 mg. Localization was assessed by
      biopsies of cutaneous and lymph node lesions obtained 24-96 hours following
      therapy. The percentage of tumor cells that bound the antibody in vivo was dose
      dependent, with similar findings obtained by either flow cytometry or
      immunoperoxidase staining techniques. Little or no in vivo binding of the 9.2.27
      antibody to tumor cells was found following 1- and 10-mg doses, whereas all
      specimens demonstrated in vivo binding of the antibody following 200- and 500-mg
      doses. Fluorescence staining intensity, as quantitated by flow cytometry, was
      employed to determine the degree of in vivo saturation of antibody binding sites
      following therapy. The degree of saturation was found to vary substantially among
      patients: Some patients demonstrated nearly 100% saturation after 200-mg doses of
      9.2.27 antibody, whereas others demonstrated only half maximal saturation after
      doses of 500 mg. Although immunoperoxidase staining provided important
      qualitative information regarding the distribution of antigen and antibody within
      the tumor, these studies demonstrated the usefulness of immunofluorescent flow
      cytometry for quantitative assessment of antibody localization in solid tumors
      and provided information necessary for the design of further trials of monoclonal
      antibodies and immunoconjugates.

PMID- 3883035
TI  - Immunohistochemical detection of the Ca antigen in normal and tumor tissues of
      humans by use of Ca1 monoclonal antibody.
AB  - The Ca1 monoclonal antibody was used to detect Ca antigen in paraffin sections
      with the use of a two-stage indirect immunoperoxidase technique. A range of
      normal and malignant human tissues was examined. The antibody reacted with
      squamous cell carcinomas, small cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, ductal
      carcinomas, and anaplastic carcinomas from gastrointestinal, lung, and breast
      tissues. Melanomas were negative. Reactivity was also observed against normal
      tissues: urinary transitional epithelium, fallopian tube epithelium, breast
      ducts, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, alveolar epithelium, bile duct,
      gallbladder, kidney tubules, and some digestive tract epithelial cells. Although
      the study confirms earlier reports that Ca1 is a marker for some normal,
      nonciliated epithelial cells and for epithelial and some other cancers, a more
      widespread distribution for normal tissues was found.

PMID- 3883036
TI  - The beginnings of cancer research centers in the United States.
AB  - The first center for cancer research in the United States was started in 1898,
      and during the first half of the present century 19 additional cancer research
      centers had their origins. Most of them were initiated with funds from wealthy
      individuals who had experienced the tragic loss of a close relative. The early
      years of these centers and anecdotes about some of the early directors of the
      centers are described.

PMID- 3883037
TI  - The new emphasis in cancer control.

PMID- 3883038
TI  - [50th anniversary of the Women's Clinic--exhibit].

PMID- 3883039
TI  - [Surgical treatment of calculi in the major duodenal papilla].

PMID- 3883040
TI  - [Hormonal disorders after radical operations on the pancreas (a review of the
      literature)].

PMID- 3883041
TI  - [Clinico-biochemical classification of liver failure].

PMID- 3883042
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of different forms of acute and chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 3883043
TI  - [Prevention of incompetence of the duodenal stump and postoperative
      pancreatitis].

PMID- 3883044
TI  - [Eye changes following bone marrow transplantation].
AB  - Blood diseases such as acute leukemia can now be cured by bone marrow
      transplants. Complications such as a chronic host-versus-graft reaction lead to
      typical conjunctival changes, as described for Sjogren's syndrome and ocular
      pemphigoid. A patient with typical eye complications is described and the
      probable immunological course discussed.

PMID- 3883045
TI  - [Derivation and critical analysis of formulas for the calculation of the
      refractive power of intraocular lenses].
AB  - Using matrices, formulae are derived for calculating the refractive power of the
      ocular system and of intraocular lenses. These formulae take into account the
      finite extension of the lenses under consideration. They also contain only
      measurable quantities. Some sources of uncertainty in predicting the power of the
      IOLs are pointed out estimates of their orders of magnitude are given. By
      combining the new results with those obtained on the basis of regression
      analysis, the prediction of IOL power can be improved, especially for eyes with
      short axial length. In a critical comparison with formulae which are well known
      from the literature, a number of them were found to be incorrect. In conclusion,
      some suggestions are made for improving the prediction of lens power.

PMID- 3883046
TI  - [Indications and results of lens removal using the pars plana approach].
AB  - Pars plana lensectomy has both advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, a
      differentiated indication is required. This procedure can be regarded as the
      method of choice in traumatic cataracts when there is simultaneously endothelial
      damage of the cornea and a subluxated lens (following injury with contusion or
      perforation). Relative indications are for subluxated lenses without endothelial
      damage, for cataracts with endothelial but not vitreous problems, for cataracts
      with chronic uveitis, and for undilatable pupils. Anatomical and functional
      results - as far as they could be determined in the patients treated by the
      present authors - are excellent.

PMID- 3883047
TI  - [Endocrine pancreas function in mucoviscidosis].
AB  - Patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas show an incidence of diabetes
      mellitus tenfold higher than is found in the general pediatric population.
      Considering this fact glucagon and insulin responses to oral glucose and
      intravenous arginine were studied in 22 CF children and adolescents. Some
      investigated patients had suffered from the disease for ten years and more. On
      the one hand the results show that pancreatic alpha cell function is normal. The
      kinetics of endogenous glucagon release are unaltered. On the other hand the data
      reveal that there is only a defect in the beta cell function consisting in a
      delayed insulin release selective to glucose whereas responsiveness to other
      stimuli for example tolbutamide and arginine is undisturbed. Furthermore there is
      a diminution in insulin-output to oral glucose as well as to intravenous
      arginine. Yet in patients with normal oral glucose tolerance endogenous insulin
      secretion is significantly reduced. Their regular carbohydrate tolerance may be a
      function of the patient's ability to maintain increased receptor numbers in the
      face of hypoinsulinemia. Despite greater quantities of secreted hormone a degree
      of relative peripheral insulin insensitivity has developed in the presence of
      hyperglycemia. This may be a consequence of impaired affinity of the specific
      target cell receptors. The insulin secretion pattern is proven to be identical to
      that of chemical diabetes mellitus in adults. Quantitative diminution in arginine
      stimulated insulin-output has been found to be independent of the degree of
      carbohydrate intolerance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3883048
TI  - Clinical and laboratory features of Yersinia, Campylobacter and Salmonella
      infections in children.
AB  - Clinical and laboratory findings of 78 paediatric patients with infections due to
      enteroinvasive bacteria were analysed. The material included 33 cases of Yersinia
      enterocolitica, 21 of Campylobacter jejuni, 21 of Salmonella and 2 of Shigella
      infection, reflecting the current order of frequency ot these enteropathogens in
      Finnish paediatric population. Diarrhoea was the presenting symptom in 73% of the
      cases with Yersinia, 90% with Campylobacter and 100% with Salmonella. Conversely,
      abdominal pain on admission occurred more frequently (p less than 0.01) in
      patients with Yersinia (68%) than with Campylobacter (38%) or Salmonella (24%).
      Diarrhoea caused by each of the three enteric bacteria was clinically
      indistinguishable, with gross blood and mucoid stools occurring in most of the
      cases. However, faecal leucocytes were more frequently present in diarrhoea due
      to Y. enterocolitica (87%) and C. jejuni (83%) than Salmonella (36%); p less than
      0.025). Diarrhoea due to Y. enterocolitica was typically associated with signs of
      systemic response, including fever greater than or equal to 39 degrees C, WBC
      count over 11 X 10(9)/l, and C-reactive protein greater than or equal to 10 mg/l.
      These criteria may thus be helpful in differentiating Yersinia infections from
      other cases of exudative diarrhoea in children. The clinical picture of Y.
      enterocolitica infection probably reflects the more invasive nature of this
      enteropathogen as compared with C. jejuni or Salmonella.

PMID- 3883049
TI  - [Kawasaki syndrome with acute gallbladder hydrops--case report and review of the
      literature].
AB  - We describe a 2 3/4-year-old boy with Kawasaki disease associated with the rare
      complication of acute hydrops of the gallbladder. Because of the severe abdominal
      symptoms cholecystectomy was performed. A review of the literature shows that
      about half of the patients had been operated upon. Therefore conservative
      treatment may provide complete improvement. Ultrasonography is not only very
      helpful in the diagnosis but also in follow-up.

PMID- 3883050
TI  - [Arteriosclerotic changes in the carotid arteries in patients with hypersensitive
      carotid sinus reflex].
AB  - Thirty-seven patients (15 female, 22 male; aged 46-89 years, mean age 68.8 years)
      with III or IV grade carotid sinus reflex carotid arteries were investigated by
      sonography (B-scan and CW-Doppler). It was demonstrated that stenoses or
      arteriosclerotic plaques, localized in the region of the carotid bulb or
      bifurcation, were present on both sides in 27 patients and on one side only in
      four patients. Five patients did not show these changes and four of them had
      thickening of common carotid artery endothelium. Thus, vascular changes occurred
      in 35 patients. Occlusions and stenoses greater than 50% were visible in five
      patients. Primarily bilateral changes were shown as well as unilateral and
      bilateral pathologic reflex response; main localization was the posterior wall of
      the carotid bulb. Thus, arteriosclerotic changes seem to be important in the
      development of pathologic carotid sinus reflex. Cerebral complications (left
      sided PRIND) occurred in one patient who did not have high degree carotid
      stenosis. In comparison to other authors who investigated only with CW-Doppler a
      much higher rate of arteriosclerotic wall changes and a greater occurrence of
      bilateral changes could be demonstrated by application of the highly sensitive B
      scan sonography.

PMID- 3883051
TI  - [Clinical relevance of immunochemical determination of pancreatic lipase in
      chronic pancreatitis].
AB  - The determination of basal pancreatic serum enzymes is of little value in the
      diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. The organ specificity of a recently introduced
      immunochemical method of determining pancreatic lipase is guaranteed. The
      diagnostic value of the basal and stimulated serum-lipase determination by the
      immunochemical assay in chronic pancreatitis was investigated on 84 patients and
      controls. In 46 patients with chronic pancreatitis the serum increase of
      pancreatic lipase after secretin stimulation (1 U/kg) was significantly (P less
      than 0.01) higher than the pancreatic lipase increase in patients with non
      pancreatic intestinal disorders and in healthy controls. Patients with chronic
      pancreatitis deserve to be classified in subgroups, according to the degree of
      the exocrine pancreatic insufficiency established by means of the secretin
      ceruletide test. Of the patients with chronic pancreatitis and a slight to
      moderate exocrine pancreatic insufficiency 87% show an abnormal serum pancreatic
      lipase increase and differ significantly (P less than 0.01) from patients with
      severe exocrine insufficiency who exhibit an increase of the pancreatic serum
      lipase only in exceptional cases. Specificity is limited, since an abnormal serum
      lipase increase after stimulation is found in 20% of controls.

PMID- 3883052
TI  - [In memory of Magdelaine Comtesse].

PMID- 3883053
TI  - Relationship of hormonally induced developmental changes in preovulatory
      follicles of the rabbit.
AB  - Observations made during these investigations agree with the findings of various
      authors concerning atresia and follicular growth. In addition the results
      demonstrate that it is possible to induce the resumption of meiosis in rabbit
      oocytes without ovulation. This will be a useful tool for further investigations
      of changes in the chromosomal events during preovulatory ageing.

PMID- 3883054
TI  - Research with animals: requirement, responsibility, welfare.
AB  - Recognition of unacceptable cruelty to animals in pasttimes such as bull-baiting,
      dates in Britain from the early 19th century. The Society for the Prevention of
      Cruelty to Animals was founded in 1824. Several bills to curb cruelty were
      discussed in Parliament, and the Cruel and Improper Treatment of Cattle Act was
      passed in 1822. Other Acts have followed over the years. Cruelty in the form of
      painful scientific experiments, including dissection of living, conscious
      animals, vivisection, was proscribed by the Cruelty to Animals Act 1876. That Act
      required anyone wishing to experiment with animals to obtain a licence from the
      Secretary of State. Conditions for issue of licences were strict and remain so to
      this day. The Act is still valid, and is enforced by the Home Office, with its
      medical and veterinary Inspectors. The Cruelty to Animals Act 1876 allows
      experiments on animals under strictly controlled conditions. Experiments must
      have the clear objective of improving the welfare of man and/or animals. Benefits
      from experiments carried out under the Act have been enormous, covering every
      aspect of diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis in human and veterinary medicine.
      Coincidentally, the welfare of laboratory animals has also been greatly improved.
      There has always been some opposition to the use of animals in biomedical
      research. The subject is emotive but, by and large, discussion has been rational
      and within the law. In recent years, however, the morality of using experimental
      animals has been examined more closely. The possibility of replacing them by
      alternative methods has been investigated. Where these alternatives are
      applicable, they are used and further research on them continues. The questioning
      of animal experiments has emphasized the need to look constantly at animal
      welfare to ensure humane treatment of all animals, especially those restricted in
      a laboratory or on a farm. Attention has been drawn in this work to our existing
      laws protecting animals, but new legislation is being demanded, not only by some
      lay welfare groups but also by scientists. Hence, it has become very important to
      discuss various ways of ensuring animal welfare, including by legislation,
      especially with those knowledgeable in laboratory animal science and animal
      experiments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3883055
TI  - Graft versus host disease-related secretory immunoglobulin A deficiency in bone
      marrow transplant recipients. Findings in labial saliva.
AB  - Graft versus host disease-dependent decreases in salivary IgA levels were sought
      in labial gland saliva samples from bone marrow transplant recipients.
      Transplantation-associated, irradiation-related effects were also present, but
      these could be avoided if analyses were performed at 1 year or later after
      transplantation. Sampling of minor gland saliva eliminated the possibility of
      contamination with IgA-rich serum transudates arising from gingival or mucosal
      pathways which obscured results from previous studies using whole saliva samples.
      Patients with active extensive clinical disease had significantly depressed
      levels of salivary IgA. Since labial saliva is a principal source of total
      salivary IgA, the present findings may explain why patients with graft versus
      host disease are susceptible to infection via the sinobronchial portal.

PMID- 3883056
TI  - Issues in nutrition for the school-age athlete.

PMID- 3883058
TI  - A pilot study of the impact of stress management techniques on the classroom
      behavior of elementary school students.
AB  - Intervention studies have demonstrated the benefit of stress management
      techniques on health-related variables among school-age children. It was
      hypothesized that teaching elementary school children stress management skills
      would promote appropriate classroom study behavior by enhancing student ability
      to attend to teacher assigned tasks. This pilot study supports the contention
      that stress management skills can increase classroom "on-task" behavior.

PMID- 3883057
TI  - Medical and educational literature on physician/teacher collaboration.
AB  - Recent changes in the education of exceptional children are placing new demands
      on physicians and teachers to work together. This article reviews the published
      educational and medical literature on physician/teacher collaboration. Articles
      from both fields contend that collaboration is necessary, desirable, and
      possible. As expected, all articles favor increased collaboration, however,
      specific guidelines to improve collaboration are surprisingly scarce. Suggestions
      to improve collaboration are provided.

PMID- 3883059
TI  - The development of clinical neurology in Tennessee.

PMID- 3883060
TI  - Combined ultrasounds and CEA in preoperative assessment of hepatic metastases
      from gastrointestinal malignancies.
AB  - A consecutive series of 100 patients affected by gastrointestinal malignancies
      entered a prospective controlled study of liver metastases performed by
      ultrasound echography, CEA, hepatic enzymes (only alkaline phosphatase (AP) was
      found to be somehow significant). Laparotomic inspection and palpation were taken
      as objective control of ultrasound scan. Eighteen out of the 100 patients showed
      diffuse hepatic metastases at surgery (all controlled histologically). Hepatic
      echography correctly diagnosed liver metastases in 15 out of these 18 patients (=
      83.8% sensitivity); two more cases (hepatic fibroangiomas) were interpreted as
      metastases (= 89.9% specificity). CEA-RIA assay was pathologic (greater than 10
      ng/ml) in all of the 18 patients with liver metastases; 21 out of the 82 without
      liver metastases were CEA positive (difference of mean values statistically
      significant at P less than 0.01). The only significant hepatic enzyme was AP,
      which was pathologic in 12 out of 18 patients with liver metastases. The
      comparative evaluation of the three tests showed that ultrasound scanning missed
      three cases of diffuse hepatic metastases, which, however, were CEA positive,
      while AP could not help to correct such misdiagnosis.

PMID- 3883061
TI  - Tissue CEA detection by immunoperoxidase (PAP) test in colorectal polyps:
      correlations with the degree of dysplasia.
AB  - We study the presence of Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on 39 colorectal polyps
      by the immunoperoxidase technique. The histological examination demonstrated 15
      tubular adenomas, one villous adenoma, two tubulo-villous adenomas, six tubular
      adenomas with slight dysplasia, one tubular adenoma with moderate dysplasia, four
      tubular adenomas with severe dysplasia, three tubulo-villous adenomas with severe
      dysplasia, five tubular adenomas with neoplastic degeneration, and two tubulo
      villous adenomas with neoplastic degeneration. Twenty-eight of thirty-nine polyps
      (71.79%) showed a positive staining reaction for CEA. Regarding the intensity of
      the reaction (classified as absent or negative [-], slightly positive [+], and
      markedly positive [+ +]), 11/39 polyps presented a negative reaction (28.21%),
      19/39 (48.71%) presented a slight reaction, and 10/39 polyps (25.64%) presented a
      marked reaction. Results demonstrated a higher intensity of the staining reaction
      in severely dysplastic polyps and in neoplastic degeneration. In conclusion, it
      is possible that the presence of CEA can be useful to show an initial cellular
      restlessness of certain polyps.

PMID- 3883062
TI  - [Nickel-chromium alloys as casting material].

PMID- 3883063
TI  - An experience in learning.

PMID- 3883064
TI  - Sexually transmitted infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis: rapid detection by
      immunofluorescence microscopy.

PMID- 3883065
TI  - Epidemic viral gastroenteritis: detection of rotavirus by enzyme immunoassay.

PMID- 3883066
TI  - Randomized clinical trial of one-day surgery. Patient satisfaction, clinical
      outcomes, and costs.
AB  - One hundred and eighty-two patients undergoing tubal ligation, hernia repair, or
      meniscectomy were randomly assigned to either one-day or inpatient surgery. The
      study's objective is to compare these two modes of care with regard to patient
      satisfaction, clinical outcomes, and costs of the episode of care. A
      significantly higher proportion of one-day patients than their hospitalized
      counterparts found their stay to be too short and would prefer hospitalization as
      an alternative. Clinical outcomes were comparable in both groups. One-day tubal
      ligation and hernia repair were found to be cost-efficient and averaged hospital
      savings of $86.00 and $115.00 more than inpatient care. Meniscectomy deviated
      from this trend in that treatment costs were significantly higher for one-day
      surgery patients. Analysis of personal and physician costs did not show any
      significant difference between the two modes of care.

PMID- 3883067
TI  - The impact of selected patient characteristics on practitioners' treatment
      recommendations for end-stage renal disease.
AB  - Medical decision making under uncertainty was tested using an empirical study of
      practitioner judgments concerning the preferred treatment(s) for end-stage renal
      disease (ESRD) patients. Patient-specific factors were varied systematically in
      written case vignettes, which were mailed to physician and nonphysician
      practitioners who treated ESRD patients in Canada and Michigan. Respondents were
      asked to indicate for each vignette: a preferred treatment and all other
      acceptable treatments. Overall patterns of choice were analyzed; the clear
      preferences shown for certain treatment modalities (e.g., for continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis over home hemodialysis) have planning
      implications. The apparent receptivity to new ESRD treatments may affect the
      success of government policies aimed at encouraging greater use of home
      hemodialysis. The impact of each patient-specific variable on treatment choice
      was also examined. Factors such as the patient's age proved to be major
      determinants both of the preferred treatment modalities and of the number of
      alternatives considered acceptable. The research method allowed areas of medical
      consensus to be distinguished from those 'grey areas' in which patient
      characteristics alone could not explain treatment selection. The resulting
      'controversy' cases are being used as the dependent variables in further studies.

PMID- 3883068
TI  - [Transplantation surgery: where are we now?].

PMID- 3883069
TI  - [Captopril and renal transplant].

PMID- 3883070
TI  - [Nocardiosis in immunosuppressed patients].

PMID- 3883071
TI  - Resistive training and selected effects.
AB  - This article has briefly discussed the various modes and methods of resistive
      training, and their relative values and effectiveness in achieving desired goals.
      Evidence has been presented indicating that resistive training can enhance both
      "physical and emotional fitness as well as reduce some cardiovascular disease
      risk factors." This may allow a greater satisfaction and enjoyment in daily
      activities as well as improve athletic performance.

PMID- 3883072
TI  - Diabetes and exercise.
AB  - The abnormal metabolic responses to exercise in insulin-dependent diabetes are in
      great part related to abnormal circulating plasma insulin concentrations.
      Exercising during relative insulin deprivation results in an increase in glycemia
      and ketosis. Exercise during insulin excess results in inhibition of hepatic
      glucose production and accelerated muscle glucose utilization and results in
      hypoglycemia. These responses can be significantly improved when insulin is
      administered more appropriately, as is the case with insulin infusion pumps. Self
      blood glucose monitoring before, during, and after exercise can provide important
      information that can be used to optimize the metabolic response to exercise in
      individual patients. A better understanding of the metabolic response to exercise
      in patients with diabetes will serve as the basis for developing specific
      recommendations to enable these individuals to have the freedom to take part in
      all forms of exercise with minimal restriction. However, the demonstration that
      exercise will have a long-term beneficial effect on the metabolic control of
      diabetes or prevent the development of the complications of diabetes remains to
      be established.

PMID- 3883073
TI  - Endurance exercise training. An effective therapeutic modality for hemodialysis
      patients.
AB  - These results demonstrate that some of the metabolic complications of chronic
      uremia treated with maintenance hemodialysis are related to the deterioration in
      physical fitness and strength that accompanies this chronic disease. Exercise
      training increased the physical work capacity, improved the lipid profile,
      normalized insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, and lowered the dose of
      antihypertensive medications required by some of the patients. These changes
      occurred in the absence of significant changes in diet or body weight.
      Furthermore, during an equivalent period of follow-up there was a significant
      deterioration in the lipid profiles of sedentary controls. Thus, exercise
      training has the potential to reduce the prevalence of many of the medical
      conditions thought to promote atherogenesis in hemodialysis patients. In
      addition, there was a significant improvement in the degree of anemia of the
      exercising patients. None of these metabolic and physiological changes could be
      attributed to factors related to changes in dialysis scheduling or technology,
      medications, or diets. Exercise training was associated with an improvement in
      the mood, level of depression, and psychosocial functioning of these patients;
      the sedentary controls either became more depressed or reduced their
      participation in pleasant, socially oriented activities. This raises the
      possibility that exercise training may have the potential to return some dialysis
      patients to a more normal social lifestyle, perhaps improving their socioeconomic
      status and reducing their dependency. These are extremely optimistic
      possibilities that could have far-reaching implications for the hemodialysis
      population. The dramatic improvements in lipid and glucose metabolism,
      hematologic function, blood pressure and work capacity in the exercising patients
      indicates that aerobic physical training is an effective therapeutic modality
      with a wide spectrum of effects on many pathologic processes previously thought
      to be a consequence of chronic uremia. Not only were there major biochemical
      changes as a result of exercise training, but the psychosocial functioning of
      these dialysis patients improved. Some of the physiologic changes, such as the
      increase in work capacity, greater strength and energy, and the rise in
      hematocrit, contributed to the psychological improvements, but in some patients
      accomplishing the goal itself (for most a 1-mile jog was the ultimate) seemed
      sufficient. There are a multitude of potential long-term benefits of exercise
      training programs for hemodialysis patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3883074
TI  - Drugs and exercise.
AB  - In this article, we have examined some pharmacologic principles as they apply to
      drug use by healthy individuals. With the present emphasis on community
      activities, we have dealt with the impairment of thermoregulation by athletes and
      fun runners who may take normal over-the-counter medications for a variety of
      reasons. However, many of these drugs impair thermoregulation. Our additional
      focus has been on drug abuse, again by healthy people, often striving to enhance
      their performance. Here we have dealt principally with the anabolic and
      androgenic steroids and stimulants. Finally, we have reproduced the current list
      of medications permitted by the International Olympic Committee, but have also
      offered some suggestions of common medications that may be required by athletes
      for such illnesses as hay fever, upper respiratory tract infections, and other
      simple disorders (Table 2). These medications do not contain any ingredients
      prohibited by the International Olympic Committee regulations. It is important to
      remember that many of the compound medications often sold over-the-counter
      contain substances such as caffeine, codeine, and ephedrine, which the unwitting
      athlete, trainer or coach could prescribe for a legitimate indication but which
      could, and have in the past, cost such athletes Olympic medals.

PMID- 3883075
TI  - Exercise for the elderly.
AB  - Sedentary elders experience significant decline in physical ability, functional
      capacity, and sense of well-being with aging. Activity programs can have an
      impact on these losses but also carry significant risks for potential
      participants. Heterogeneity of the aging population requires individual
      assessments of their medical condition and exercise tolerance in determining the
      goals and conduct of an exercise program. Properly applied, such programs can
      significantly improve the quality of life for the elderly.

PMID- 3883076
TI  - The physiologic sequelae of chronic dynamic exercise.
AB  - The physiologic results of acute dynamic exercise include complex neurologic,
      hormonal, pulmonary, and cardiovascular adjustments that provide an integrated
      response perfectly matching oxygen supply with oxygen demands. Long-term repeated
      bouts of dynamic exercise of sufficient intensity and duration yield predictable
      changes in anatomy and physiology. These changes affect active skeletal muscle
      and the heart. Changes in skeletal muscle include an increased capillary blood
      volume, increased mitochondrial density, increased oxidative pathway enzymes, and
      more efficient regulation of blood flow. These adaptations result in an increased
      oxidative capacity and more favorable fuel utilization. Oxygen extraction
      increases, accounting for up to 50 per cent of the increased maximal oxygen
      consumption, and endurance improves. Following chronic dynamic exercise the heart
      beats slower and has a larger stroke volume at rest and throughout a broad range
      of work intensities. The maximal cardiac output increases substantially,
      accounting for up to 50 per cent of the increased maximal oxygen consumption. The
      metabolic and biochemical changes found in skeletal muscle are not found in
      cardiac muscle. Changes found in isolated cardiac muscle do not always correlate
      with heart performance. The separation of central and peripheral factors in
      assessing heart performance is difficult because preload and afterload are major
      determinants of heart function and are altered by chronic dynamic exercise.
      Ischemia is a major stimulus for the development of coronary collateral vessel
      development in animals. Because dynamic exercise does not induce ischemia in
      normal humans, collateral vessel development may only occur in those with
      coronary heart disease. However, there is no convincing evidence that chronic
      dynamic exercise results in physiologically important coronary collateral
      vasculature in patients with angina. Improved work capacity is predictable
      following chronic dynamic exercise in patients with coronary heart disease.
      Although the rate pressure product that produces angina does not change following
      training, heart rates are lower at matched absolute workloads and the maximal
      consumption of oxygen increases. Changes in heart function are largely secondary
      to peripheral changes in these patients.

PMID- 3883077
TI  - Physical activity levels and coronary heart disease. Analysis of epidemiologic
      and supporting studies.
AB  - Coronary heart disease, the primary health problem in western life, is caused by
      the interaction of multiple factors. Absolute proof of the contributing role of
      physical inactivity is not possible owing to the complexity of the CHD problem
      and the infeasibility of a definitive clinical trial because of logistical and
      economic constraints. Despite limitations, existing epidemiologic studies
      strongly suggest, but fall short of proving, the concept that habitual physical
      exercise offers partial protection against primary or secondary events of CHD and
      associated mortality. However, experimental data support this hypothesis and
      provide evidence of possible mechanisms responsible for the protection. The
      available epidemiologic data also suggest that physical inactivity is probably
      not as potent an individual risk factor as elevated serum cholesterol levels,
      hypertension, and cigarette smoking, and that the protective effects of exercise
      may be overwhelmed by high levels of these major risk factors. On the other hand,
      there is some evidence that exercise may attenuate other risk factors both
      directly and through associated weight reduction. Epidemiologic studies also
      suggest a dose response relationship between physical activity and rates of CHD.
      About 2000 kcal per week of moderate intensity, dynamic, endurance-type of
      exercise (such as walking or jogging about 20 miles per week) or at least one
      hour of intermittent hard physical labor are required to obtain the optimal
      effect of exercise on coronary heart disease rates. Experimental studies suggest
      that this amount of exercise should provide sufficient stimulus to favorably
      alter blood HDL cholesterol levels and perhaps other CHD risk factors, especially
      if there is an accompanying reduction in weight. Possible mechanisms for the
      protective effects of exercise against CHD are illustrated in Figure 1.
      Insistence on final experimental proof prior to prudent medical practice or
      public health policy on physical inactivity or other coronary risk factors
      indicates a lack of understanding of the nature of scientific proof and evidence
      required for health actions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3883078
TI  - The effect of physical activity on lipid and lipoprotein levels.
AB  - There is more than an intuitive link between the adoption of a sedentary
      lifestyle and an increase in cardiovascular disease. Physical activity has been
      associated with a reduced incidence of coronary mortality in cross-sectional and
      prospective studies. However, an independent relationship between exercise,
      fitness, and the level of total cholesterol, HDL-C, and triglycerides has been
      difficult to establish. The effects of training on these parameters may occur
      only as a consequence of alteration in body habitus, diet, smoking, or ethanol
      and medication use. Evidence to date suggests that persons with higher
      cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglyceride levels, as well as individuals with lower
      HDL-C levels, have favorable changes in these measurements after either endurance
      or resistive exercise training. Mechanisms that include metabolism and catabolism
      of lipid and lipoproteins have been discussed. The finding that self-report of
      vigorous activity, rather than treadmill time, correlates well with favorable
      lipoprotein levels suggests that performance of physical work, not necessarily
      aerobic training, is responsible for these alterations. The exercise dose
      (intensity, duration, frequency) and total time period necessary, as well as
      mechanism of lipid and lipoprotein change, requires further elucidation.

PMID- 3883079
TI  - Exercise and hypertension.
AB  - Hypertension is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. In this article the
      authors review the use of physical activity as therapy for elevated blood
      pressure and explore the hemodynamic effects of exercise among patients with
      treated and untreated hypertension. Recommendations concerning the use of
      exercise in the management of hypertension are outlined.

PMID- 3883080
TI  - Nutrition and exercise.
AB  - The nutritional aspects of exercise are topics of popular interest,
      misconception, and active research. In this article, the authors review basic
      concepts of muscle metabolism; information concerning the role of exercise in
      weight loss; dietary supplements for athletes, including nutrition for
      competition; and eating disorders among those performing vigorous exercise.

PMID- 3883081
TI  - Causes, evaluation, and management of athletic oligo-/amenorrhea.
AB  - Oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea are more common among athletes than among the
      general population. Although these conditions in athletes are often related to
      exercise and thinness, they may be caused by serious pathology too. All athletes
      with menstrual dysfunction deserve thorough evaluation and most need treatment.

PMID- 3883082
TI  - The nature of provincial medical practice in eighteenth-century England.

PMID- 3883083
TI  - Ignaz Semmelweis, Carl Mayrhofer, and the rise of germ theory.

PMID- 3883084
TI  - The edge of utility: slaves and smallpox in the early eighteenth century.

PMID- 3883085
TI  - The vicissitudes of herbalism in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century
      Britain.

PMID- 3883086
TI  - Illustrations from the Wellcome Institute Library. Conrad Gesner and the English
      naturalists.

PMID- 3883087
TI  - Jessie Dobson, MSc.

PMID- 3883088
TI  - [The man behind the syndrome: William Heberden. One of the great 18th century
      physicians and writers with knowledge impressive even today].

PMID- 3883089
TI  - Surgical pathology of middle ear implants.
AB  - During the past 15 years a series of 25 middle ear implants was removed at the
      time of revision surgery and prepared for histological study. These revision
      operations were performed because of failure to control the disease and/or
      persistent or recurring hearing loss. The ossicular and cortical bone autografts
      showed similar behavior in that they underwent creeping substitution with
      vitalized bone in amounts varying from 0% to 83%. There was no correlation to
      duration of implantation. The four cartilage grafts, on macroscopic evaluation,
      showed a loss of rigidity. Two of three cartilage autografts showed a high rate
      of survival of chondrocytes. The two TORP prostheses showed extensive invasion of
      their porous spaces with foreign body giant cells. One of the latter, implanted
      for over four years showed fibrous replacement of plastic material. The two
      polyethylene tubes showed intraluminal foreign body reaction and new bone
      formation.

PMID- 3883090
TI  - Emotional behavior and arrhythmias induced in cats by hypothalamic stimulation.
AB  - As the relationship between emotional behavior and electrocardiographic (ECG)
      change induced by hypothalamic stimulation is poorly understood, eighty-four
      points in various areas within the hypothalamus in conscious cats were stimulated
      electrically through chronically implanted electrodes, the objective being to
      clarify the behavior accompanying ECG changes, in particular poststimulus
      arrhythmias. Forty-one of 84 points elicited behavioral patterns such as defense
      reaction, pseudo-rage and restlessness (classified as group A), and in twenty-one
      (51%) of these 41 points arrhythmias occurred after cessation of stimulation.
      Forty-three of 84 points elicited behavioral patterns including predatory,
      exploratory and other behavioral responses (classified as group B), and in three
      (7%) of 43 points, poststimulus arrhythmias followed. Under light anesthesia,
      stimulations of twofold current intensity were applied at these points, and the
      incidences of the arrhythmias did not change in either group. The arrhythmia
      inducing area in the cases of group A was found to lie dorsal and caudal to the
      optic chiasma and to extend caudally in the fornix. Three points in the cases of
      group B were located in the outer area of the aforementioned area. These studies
      showed that arrhythmias and group A behavior were observed mainly from
      stimulation of the anterior hypothalamus, whereas stimulation of other areas of
      the hypothalamus, including the lateral and the posterolateral hypothalamus,
      produced group B behavior and no arrhythmias.

PMID- 3883091
TI  - Mechanism of bromocriptine-induced hyperglycaemia.
AB  - Results reveal that bromocriptine at a dose of 6 mg/kg. I.P. in mice caused a
      significant hyperglycaemic effect which was accompanied by a marked increase in
      liver glycogen. After adrenalectomy, the effect of bromocriptine on serum glucose
      level was reduced whereas its effect on liver glycogen content was abolished. In
      rats, administration of bromocriptine (17.5 mg/kg I.P.) induced a significant
      rise in serum glucose level which was associated with marked reduction in serum
      insulin activity and increase in serum corticosterone level with no effect on
      serum triiodothyronine (T3) or thyroxine (T4) levels. It could be concluded that
      bromocriptine-induced hyperglycaemia might be attributed at least partially to
      inhibition of insulin release and stimulation of corticosterone secretion.

PMID- 3883092
TI  - [The medical technology industry in the war years].

PMID- 3883093
TI  - Why a bulletin, revisited.

PMID- 3883094
TI  - Glucose metabolism in glucose-intolerant older people during chromium
      supplementation.
AB  - The effects of chromic chloride (CrCl3) administered orally for 12 weeks to five
      elderly subjects with glucose intolerance were assessed. Pretreatment and
      posttreatment, the hyperglycemic clamp technique was employed to determine
      glucose utilization, beta-cell sensitivity to glucose, and tissue sensitivity to
      insulin. In addition, erythrocyte insulin binding was studied. Urinary chromium
      excretion increased approximately 5 fold indicating good compliance with
      supplementation. The oral glucose tolerance curves following supplementation were
      lowered from 60 to 120 minutes but only the 60-minute values were significantly
      lowered. In agreement with this was significantly increased glucose utilization
      during the hyperglycemic clamp studies. Tissue sensitivity to insulin, receptor
      affinity, and total insulin binding were unchanged by supplementation while beta
      cell sensitivity to glucose increased following supplementation (P less than
      0.04), and explained the increased glucose utilization. HDL and LDL and total
      cholesterol levels were slightly lower after chromium supplementation, but no
      change reached statistical significance. The LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio was
      unchanged. This study shows small but statistically significant effects of CrCl3
      on carbohydrate metabolism. The clinical relevance of these effects, that is,
      their prophylactic or therapeutic significance, remains to be determined.

PMID- 3883095
TI  - Effect of exercise training on glucose tolerance, in vivo insulin sensitivity,
      lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in middle-aged men with mild
      hypertriglyceridemia.
AB  - The effects of 9 weeks of aerobic exercise training with maintenance of stable
      body weight upon insulin sensitivity and upon glucose, lipid, and lipoprotein
      concentrations were studied in 10 middle-aged men with mild hypertriglyceridemia.
      Following training, mean maximum oxygen consumption improved from 33.5 +/- 1.9 to
      39.3 +/- 1.9 mL/kg/min (means +/- SEM), (P less than 0.01). Glucose
      concentrations, both fasting and during oral glucose tolerance testing, remained
      stable but both fasting insulin concentrations and insulin responses to oral
      glucose decreased (P less than 0.1 and less than 0.01, respectively). In vivo
      insulin sensitivity improved 25 +/- 6.1% (P less than 0.01) following training.
      Exercise training resulted in decreases in fasting serum triglyceride
      concentrations from 203 +/- 12.6 to 126 +/- 9.0 mg/dL (P less than 0.01),
      primarily as a result of the reduction in VLDL-triglycerides (P less than 0.01).
      The magnitude in percentage decrease of VLDL-triglycerides was found to be
      significantly correlated (r = 0.71, P less than 0.05) with the magnitude in
      percent increase in max VO2. Serum cholesterol levels declined from 211 +/- 8.9
      to 193 +/- 11.9 mg/dL (P less than 0.01), and the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to
      total cholesterol was improved. This study demonstrates that exercise training at
      a level of intensity feasible for many middle-aged men has beneficial effects on
      several factors that have been associated with an increased risk of
      cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 3883096
TI  - Hepatic triglyceride lipase in diabetic dogs.
AB  - Circulating triglyceride is cleared by a combination of hepatic triglyceride
      lipase (H-TGL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Although LPL has been extensively
      studied in diabetes, the effect of insulinization on H-TGL activity has not been
      well characterized. To determine whether H-TGL activity is altered in insulin
      deficient diabetes, postheparin plasma was obtained from eight beagle dogs: three
      normal (nondiabetic) control dogs and five pancreatectomized diabetic dogs were
      studied acutely in poor diabetic control (underinsulinized), and again in short
      term good control (well insulinized). Plasma glucose, measured at the start of
      the studies, was 88 +/- 10 mg/100 mL (mean +/- SD) in the normal control dogs,
      434 +/- 31 mL in pancreatectomized dogs in poor diabetic control, and 87 +/- 16
      in good diabetic control. Peak (five minutes) postheparin plasma H-TGL activity
      was increased in dogs in poor diabetic control (212 +/- 43 nmol FFA/min/mL) v the
      normal control dogs (135 +/- 21 nmol FFA/min/mL, P less than 0.02). When the dogs
      were in good diabetic control, the peak H-TGL (202 +/- 40 nmol FFA/min/mL) was
      also significantly increased compared with the level in normal dogs, while the
      sum of five and 45 minute postheparin H-TGL levels for the dogs in good diabetic
      control was less than when they were in poor diabetic control (P less than 0.01).
      Thus, insulin-deficient diabetes in dogs increases H-TGL, and short-term
      improvement of glycemic control with insulin partially corrects this increase.

PMID- 3883097
TI  - alpha-Glucosidase inhibition improves postprandial hyperglycemia and decreases
      insulin requirements in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - In patients with diabetes mellitus, delayed increases in circulating insulin
      levels followed by prolonged hyperinsulinemia due to slow absorption of
      subcutaneously administered insulin hinders maintenance of euglycemia. To
      determine whether a delay in carbohydrate absorption would increase the
      effectiveness of subcutaneous insulin in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia
      in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and whether it could allow
      insulin to be taken immediately prior to meals, the effects of an alpha
      glucosidase inhibitor (Acarbose Boyer AG, Wuppertal, Germany) on postprandial
      plasma glucose profiles were determined in six subjects with insulin-dependent
      diabetes when a subcutaneous insulin infusion was started immediately or 30
      minutes prior to meal ingestion. When 25% less insulin (9 v 12 units) was given
      along with Acarbose 30 minutes prior to meal ingestion, postprandial
      hyperglycemia decreased by 45% (areas under the curve, AUC, 8193 +/- 1960 v 14783
      +/- 2260 mg/dL X min, P less than 0.02). When similar amounts of insulin (12
      units) were given immediately prior to meal ingestion, postprandial hyperglycemia
      decreased 55% (AUC 6187 +/- 2240 v 13642 +/- 1579 mg/dL X min, P less than
      0.001). These results indicate that delay in carbohydrate absorption improves the
      effectiveness of subcutaneous insulin in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia
      in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and may permit satisfactory
      postprandial glycemic control when insulin is administered immediately prior to
      meal ingestion. Thus, an agent like Acarbose, which delays carbohydrate
      absorption, may be useful as an adjunct to insulin in the treatment of diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 3883098
TI  - The thermic effect of carbohydrate versus fat feeding in man.
AB  - Metabolic rate increases and heat is produced after eating a meal. This response
      has been termed the thermic effect of feeding. While some studies have found this
      response to be defective in obese subjects others have not. It is also unclear
      how dietary composition affects the thermic response to a meal. In this study, we
      evaluated the thermic response to both a high carbohydrate meal and a high fat
      meal in normal and obese subjects. Using the ventilated hood technique, metabolic
      rate was measured in seated subjects before and for 6 hours following a meal.
      Blood samples for insulin, glucose, and catecholamines were withdrawn each half
      hour to evaluate their possible role in regulating the thermic response. The
      overall response to the high carbohydrate meal was greater than to high fat (0.26
      +/- .07 v 0.18 +/- 0.11 kcal/min; P less than .01). The thermic response to the
      high fat meal, however, was similar in the normal and obese groups. Although the
      6-hour response to the high carbohydrate diet was not statistically different
      between the subject groups, there was a trend toward a diminished response in the
      obese relative to the normal group during the first 3 hours following the meal
      (0.30 +/- .06 v .22 +/- .09; P = .06). In our seated subjects, the thermic
      response to a meal accounted for 8%-13% of the total calories ingested, with the
      highest value found in the normal weight subjects after a high carbohydrate meal.
      No significant thermic response was noted when subjects were fed a noncaloric
      meal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3883100
TI  - Effect of temperature on protein synthesis and leucine transport by yeast
      mitochondria.
AB  - Protein synthesis in yeast mitochondria shows biphasic Arrhenius plots both in
      vivo and in vitro, with a twofold increase in the activation energy below the
      transition temperature suggesting a functional association between mitochondrial
      protein synthesis and the inner membrane. Analysis by gel electrophoresis of
      mitochondrial translation products labeled in vivo showed that the same proteins
      are synthesized and then inserted into the membrane above and below the
      transition temperature of the membrane. The rate of leucine uptake into
      mitochondria was decreased at least fivefold in the presence of chloramphenicol,
      suggesting that leucine is used mainly for protein synthesis. In the absence of
      chloramphenicol, the rate of leucine uptake was always slightly higher but
      comparable to the incorporation rate of leucine into protein at all temperatures
      studied, suggesting that the transport of leucine into mitochondria is not rate
      limiting for protein synthesis. The ionophore valinomycin or the uncoupler
      carbonyl phenylhydrazone (CCCP) inhibited 75-80% of the leucine uptake in the
      presence of chloramphenicol. In addition, the omission of respiratory chain
      substrates and the ATP-regenerating system led to a 93% inhibition of uptake,
      suggesting that leucine uptake may occur by an active transport mechanism.

PMID- 3883099
TI  - Reconstitution of the melibiose carrier of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Different conditions were studied for optimal solubilization and reconstitution
      of the melibiose carrier of Escherichia coli. Several alpha- and beta
      galactosides, known to be substrates for the melibiose carrier, were found to
      inhibit [3H]-melibiose uptake by proteoliposomes. In the presence of 10 mM Na+
      the Km for melibiose counterflow was 0.42 mM. Melibiose and raffinose were good
      substrates for counterflow, while thiomethyl-beta-galactoside and p-nitrophenyl
      alpha-galactoside were accumulated very poorly. Although the latter two sugars
      are known to be substrates for the carrier, they showed a very rapid rate of
      passive diffusion across the liposome membrane. The proton ionophore
      carbonylcyanidechlorophenylhydrazone had no effect on uptake, suggesting that a
      proton motive force is not essential for the counterflow phenomenon.

PMID- 3883101
TI  - Immunofluorescence study of thymuses of mice given Friend leukemia virus:
      conventional vs monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - In the course of a study of the early effects of Friend Leukemia Virus (FLV)
      infection in thymus structure and function, evidence of early localization of
      infectious FLV in the thymic type I and type II epithelio-reticular cells of
      susceptible mice was obtained. Such evidence was based upon bio-assay,
      ultrastructural and immunofluorescence observations. As for the latter,
      conventional monospecific sera against FLV p30 and gp70 antigens as well as two
      distinct monoclonal antibodies recognizing FLV gp70 epitopes were employed. Both
      monoclonal antibodies stained with a granular pattern the cytoplasm of type I and
      II epithelio-reticular cells from susceptible mice injected with live FLV. On the
      contrary, conventional monospecific sera diffusely stained the cytoplasm of all
      epithelio-reticular cells of the thymus, independently of mice inoculation with
      and susceptibility to virus, possibly recognizing tissue-associated normal mouse
      antigens and/or cross-reacting antigens of other ecotropic viruses.

PMID- 3883102
TI  - Degradation of human fibronectin by strains of E. coli K12 carrying R factors
      from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AB  - We studied the ability to degrade human fibronectin by strains of E. coli K12
      carrying R factors from Klebsiella pneumoniae, previously shown to possess a
      caseinolytic activity. The preliminary data obtained showed that at least two of
      these R+ strains are able to degrade fibronectin to small peptides retaining the
      gelatin-binding site of the molecule. We also found indications of non
      fibronectin gelatin-binding polypeptides secreted by the strains tested into the
      culture broth. The possible significance of this bacterial property as a factor
      of pathogenicity is discussed.

PMID- 3883103
TI  - N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-induced morphogenesis in Candida albicans.
AB  - N-acetylglucosamine is a morphogenic effector in the human pathogenic yeast
      Candida albicans. Depending on temperature, N-acetylglucosamine induces yeast
      mycelial conversion or chlamydospore formation. N-acetylglucosamine is also a
      carbon source for growth in the yeast form. Germ-tube formation, i.e. the
      intermediary of yeast-mycelial conversion, is induced at temperatures in excess
      of 33 degrees C; at lower temperatures the yeast or the pseudomycelial form of
      the organism predominates. 2-Deoxyglucose, at concentrations which do not affect
      yeast growth, is a potent inhibitor of N-acetylglucosamine-induced germ-tube
      formation. N-acetylglucosamine suffices as both the inducer and the carbon
      sources for morphogenesis and both transcription and translation are required for
      the yeast to mycelial transition. The metabolism of N-acetylglucosamine is
      essentially the same for yeast phase cells (28 degrees C) and germ-tube forming
      cells (37 degrees C): enzymes for N-acetylglucosamine uptake and catabolism are
      equally well induced by gene expression at 28 degrees C and 37 degrees C. During
      germ-tube formation, the chitin content and the activity of the regulatory enzyme
      chitin synthase increase. Germ-tube formation in C. albicans can also be induced
      gratuitously by a number of N-acetylhexosamine derivatives (N-acetylglucosamine
      covalently linked to agarose, N-acetylmannosamine, hyaluronic acid, colloidal
      chitin, and mucin). These compounds are not taken up by the yeast cells and do
      not support growth which suggests that germ-tube formation is triggered by a cell
      surface receptor mechanism. It is proposed that, after binding to the receptor, N
      acetylglucosamine produces an intracellular message which primes the cell for
      morphogenesis. This message would ultimately be responsible for the choice of the
      mode of growth, spherical versus apical, that is characteristic of yeast or
      mycelial form.

PMID- 3883104
TI  - Smallpox in Australia.

PMID- 3883105
TI  - Liver transplantation.

PMID- 3883106
TI  - Baboons and dead babies.

PMID- 3883107
TI  - An unusual case of malaria.

PMID- 3883108
TI  - Selection of patients for cardiac transplantation.

PMID- 3883109
TI  - Severe hypoglycaemia. A one-year prospective survey in Wollongong.
AB  - A one-year prospective survey of serious hypoglycaemia has been carried out in
      the Wollongong area. Of insulin-treated patients attending the diabetes clinic,
      3.5% had a hypoglycaemic attack of sufficient severity to be referred to
      hospital. A further 1% received treatment for attacks of hypoglycaemia at home.
      It is considered that nearly two-thirds of the attacks of hypoglycaemia may have
      been preventable. Further reductions may be achieved by the better education of
      patients about their disease.

PMID- 3883111
TI  - The late Baby Fae.

PMID- 3883110
TI  - Dialysis 1984.

PMID- 3883113
TI  - The Queensland Institute of Medical Research.

PMID- 3883112
TI  - Inadequate prophylaxis of malaria with dapsone-pyrimethamine.
AB  - The dapsone-pyrimethamine combination (100 mg of dapsone, 12.5 mg of
      pyrimethamine [Folaprim; Maloprim, one tablet a week) is considered to provide
      adequate prophylaxis for Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but to be inadequate for
      the prevention of P. vivax malaria. Field trials and case reports, however, have
      shown the comparable efficacy of this combination in the suppression of
      parasitaemias caused by both parasites. In Lae, Papua New Guinea, 12 patients
      with clinical signs of malaria had serum concentrations of dapsone-pyrimethamine
      which were consistent with appropriate weekly use of this combination. The fact
      that 10 of these patients had P. vivax malaria supports the hitherto
      unsubstantiated view that dapsone-pyrimethamine can be ineffective in suppressing
      parasitaemias caused by this parasite. In the two patients with P. falciparum
      malaria, host factors rather than parasite resistance to dapsone-pyrimethamine
      were implicated in the development of the parasitaemias.

PMID- 3883114
TI  - Medicare: "the FJ Holden metamorphosis".

PMID- 3883115
TI  - Elizabeth Barrett Browning.

PMID- 3883116
TI  - Metoclopramide (Reglan) for gastroesophageal reflux.

PMID- 3883117
TI  - Drugs for hypertensive emergencies.

PMID- 3883118
TI  - Attenuation coefficients of body tissues using principal-components analysis.
AB  - Principal-components analysis is used to obtain a set of parameters for dual
      energy radiography that completely describes the attenuation coefficient of any
      tissue over a given energy range. These parameters are the weighted averages of
      the densities of the elements present in a substance. Principal-components (PC)
      parameters are calculated for several soft tissues from measured attenuation
      coefficients published by Phelps et al. The calculated PC parameters are compared
      to the more conventional dual-energy representations of the attenuation
      coefficient: (1) the electron density/effective atomic number (or
      Compton/photoelectric) representation and (2) the equivalent water/equivalent
      aluminum thickness representation. The principal-components parameters represent
      the attenuation coefficients more accurately, and are more stable than the
      currently used parameters. In addition, these new parameters are sensitive to
      differences in the chemical composition and density, whereas the previous
      representations are primarily sensitive to changes in the density. It is
      concluded that the principal-components method provides a more sensitive and
      accurate indicator of changes in tissue composition than previous
      characterizations of the linear attenuation coefficient. The principal-components
      method provides a means for improving the accuracy of the characterization of
      tissues in dual-energy computed tomographic imaging and in dual-energy digital
      radiography.

PMID- 3883120
TI  - Herman Boerhaave. His ideas on health and disease in the 18th century.

PMID- 3883121
TI  - The enigma of ancient cranial trepanation.

PMID- 3883119
TI  - Effects of water immersion on plasma catecholamines in decompensated cirrhosis.
      Implications for deranged sodium and water homeostasis.
AB  - Although an impairment in renal sodium and water excretion is a commonly
      encountered clinical problem in cirrhotic patients, the mechanisms responsible
      for this abnormality are uncertain. Norepinephrine (NE) levels are elevated in
      some patients with decompensated cirrhosis, but a causal relationship between
      these levels and impaired sodium and water excretion has not been established.
      Since in normal man, water immersion to the neck (NI) results in a preferential
      central hypervolemia, and since theoretical considerations suggest that central
      hypervolemia might suppress NE, we designed the present study to determine if the
      natriuretic and diuretic responses of cirrhotic patients to NI are mediated by a
      decrease in NE. 16 cirrhotic patients with ascites were studied on two occasions:
      during a seated control study and during 4 h of NI: NE, determined by
      radioenzymatic assay, was measured hourly. 15 of the 16 patients manifested a
      marked diuresis, and 12 had a natriuresis that equalled or exceeded that
      documented in normal subjects during NI. NI did not alter mean NE, with 9
      subjects manifesting an increase of NE as compared with the prestudy hour.
      Furthermore, peak urinary sodium excretion and flow rate varied independently of
      prestudy NE (r = 0.163 and -0.173, respectively), change in NE (r = 0.256 and
      0.239), as well as nadir NE levels (r = 0.118 and -0.039). The demonstration of a
      natriuresis and a diuresis in a majority of the subjects, occurring without
      concomitant suppression of plasma NE, suggests that NE does not constitute the
      prepotent determinant in the impaired sodium and water excretion of many patients
      with advanced liver disease.

PMID- 3883122
TI  - Sources of data collection tools.

PMID- 3883123
TI  - Preadmission certification program.

PMID- 3883124
TI  - Diagnostic approach to metastatic disease to the liver.

PMID- 3883125
TI  - [The mechanism of action of E.coli endotoxin on oxidative phosphorylation of the
      rat liver mitochondria].
AB  - The effects of E.coli endotoxin on oxidative phosphorylation were investigated in
      vitro using isolated rat liver mitochondria. The respiratory control index (RCI)
      was significantly decreased by preincubation of mitochondria for 20 min. at 30
      degrees C in the presence of the endotoxin, which repressed dose-dependently the
      state 3 respiration. The extent of the repression of this state 3 respiration was
      comparable with that of the exchange reaction of adenine nucleotide. The
      endotoxin, however, did not inhibit several mitochondrial enzymes including the
      electron transport system at the enzyme level. The exchange reaction and the
      number of the ADP-binding sites of the adenine nucleotide carrier were assayed
      using [14C] ADP and [3H] carboxyatractyloside, respectively. The exchange
      reaction was repressed by 72% and the number of binding site of
      carboxyatractyloside was decreased by 20% by the endotoxin (100 micrograms/mg
      mitochondrial protein). These effects of endotoxin on the adenine nucleotide
      carrier were additionally enhanced by the Ca2+ ion. The occurrence of these
      effects was prevented by EGTA or dibucaine, a potent inhibitor of phospholipase
      A2. These results suggested that the endotoxin may activate phospholipase A2
      which may harm the lipid layer of the mitochondrial membrane.

PMID- 3883126
TI  - [A comparative study of experimental models for cardiac preservation through
      orthotopic transplantation].
AB  - Various kinds of models for canine heart preservation were evaluated through
      orthotopic transplantation. Following warm ischemic (WIT) and preservation times
      (PT), donor hearts were orthotopically transplanted to recipients and observed
      for 2 hours. The study was divided into four groups. A heart-lung preparation
      (Group A) was preserved by coronary perfusion with diluted blood for an hour
      following 15-minute WIT in A-1 (n = 33), and 2 hours following 30-minute WIT in A
      2 (n = 19). Following 30-minute WIT, the heart (Group B) was preserved for an
      hour by coronary perfusion with diluted blood in B-1 (n = 20), a modified Krebs
      solution in B-2 (n = 14), and a EL-solution in B-2 (n = 14). Following 30-minute
      WIT, the heart (Group C) was preserved for 2 hours by a Langendorff's model with
      coronary perfusion using perfluorochemical in C-1 (n = 5) and Hydroxyethyl starch
      in C-2 (n = 1). In Group D, electromechanical arrest of the heart and coronary
      vascular washout were performed in D-1 (n = 8) with K+ cardioplegia, D-2 (n = 8)
      with K+-verapamil cardioplegia, and D-3 (n = 5) with Collins M-verapamil
      cardioplegia. The heart was then removed and suspended in the same solution. The
      graft was preserved at 4 degrees C for 6 hours in D-1 and D-2, and 24 hours in D
      3. Fourty-eight % in A-1 and 26% in A-2 were successfully transplanted.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3883127
TI  - [The association of pancreatic endocrine dysfunction with carcinoma of the
      pancreas and chronic pancreatitis].
AB  - In 20 cases with carcinoma of pancreas, 15 cases with chronic pancreatitis and 17
      control cases, the levels of insulin in portal and peripheral blood after glucose
      infusions and the microscopical changes of pancreatic islet cells were examined.
      In the cases with carcinoma of pancreas, the morphological changes were the
      destruction and disappearance of B-cells due to the invasion of the carcinoma,
      the degeneration of B-cells due to the concomitant pancreatitis in the residual
      pancreatic tissue, and the atrophy and ballooning of pancreatic islet due to a
      probable cause of ischemic change of circulatory dynamics and in the cases with
      chronic pancreatitis, the degeneration of B-cells followed by fibrosis and the
      increase of the number of the islet cells due to the regeneration of the pancreas
      tissue. In both cases, the function was more injured than the morphological
      changes and these findings seemed to disclose the dysfunction of insulin
      secretion per B-cell unit or the disturbance of the shift of insulin into portal
      vein caused by fibrosis. In the cases with carcinoma of pancreas, the rate of
      disappearance of glucose (K-index) to 60' sigma 0' IRI in portal blood was low
      value and the glucose tolerance per insulin unit was decreased.

PMID- 3883128
TI  - Mechanism of action of diabetogenic zinc-chelating agents. Model system studies.
AB  - Using model systems, we have studied the properties of a number of zinc-chelating
      agents which are known to cause diabetes in laboratory animals. The abilities to
      permeate membranes and to complex zinc inside liposomes with the release of
      protons are suggested as chemical properties that can enhance diabetogenicity.
      When such complexing agents are added to lipid vesicles at pH 6 containing
      entrapped zinc ions, they acidify the contents of these vesicles. We have
      demonstrated this effect by measuring intravesicular pH both with a fluorine
      containing F NMR probe as well as with the fluorescent probe, quinine. For
      example, using quinine, we observed that 0.1 mM 8-hydroxyquinoline reduced the
      intravesicular pH of sonicated phospholipid vesicles containing entrapped Zn2+
      (as sulfate) from pH 6.0 to 2.8. These diabetogenic chelating agents also
      solubilized zinc-insulin precipitates from unbuffered suspensions at pH 6.0. The
      solubilization results from the acidification of these suspensions. Dithizone and
      8-hydroxyquinoline at 4 mM solubilized 97 and 42%, respectively, of the suspended
      insulin. We suggest that if such proton release occurs within the zinc-containing
      insulin storage granules of pancreatic beta-cells, solubilization of insulin
      would be induced. Such an event would lead to osmotic stress and eventually to
      rupture of the granule. The effects of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), an agent
      that has been found to protect rabbits against the induction of diabetes by some
      other zinc-chelating agents, were also studied. DDC caused a decrease of 3.5
      units in the intravesicular pH of zinc-containing vesicles by a mechanism not
      involving the release of protons upon chelation of zinc. We have demonstrated
      several properties of DDC which may contribute to its ability to protect against
      the induction of diabetes. These include its ability to store zinc as a
      hydrophobic complex in membranes, its consumption of protons upon spontaneous
      decomposition, and the ability of one of its decomposition products,
      diethylamine, to accelerate the dissipation of pH gradients across lipid
      bilayers. Diethylamine is particularly effective in stimulating a rapid
      dissipation of such pH gradients, even at micromolar concentrations. We have
      attempted to estimate quantitatively the extent of proton liberation by various
      zinc-chelating agents. This analysis demonstrated that partitioning of the ligand
      between organic and aqueous phases, ligand acidity, and zinc complex stability
      determine the extent of proton release.

PMID- 3883129
TI  - Further comparative studies on chemical properties of carcinoembryonic antigen in
      tumor tissues and closely related antigens in adult feces and meconium.
AB  - The chemical structure of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and two closely related
      antigens, normal fecal antigen-2 (NFA-2) in normal adult feces and nonspecific
      cross-reacting antigen-2 (NCA-2) in the meconium, were further analyzed
      comparatively. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of NCA-2 was newly determined
      to position 18 and found to be identical to that so far determined for CEA- and
      NFA-2. After proteolytic digestion with chymotrypsin or protease V8, the digests
      of these antigens showed two groups of fragments upon sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. One consisted of the sharply banded fragments
      which were identical in all antigens and stained only with Coomassie brilliant
      blue (CBB) (five bands in the range 2500-10,000 daltons for chymotrypsin and 11
      bands in the range 8000-35,000 daltons for protease V8, respectively), and the
      other consisted of the dispersed fragments which had variable mol. wts in the
      range 10,000-100,000 and were stainable with both CBB and periodic acid-Schiff
      reagent. Elution profiles of CEA, NFA-2, and NCA-2 from lectin columns,
      especially from concanavalin A-Sepharose columns, suggested some differences in
      oligosaccharide chains between them. These results indicate that the fundamental
      chemical structure of these antigens seems to be very similar to one another and
      is divided into two parts; an homologous portion(s) which is common to all three
      antigens and contains no sialylated sugar components, and a heterogeneous
      portion(s) which is variable among these antigens and contains sialylated sugar
      components.

PMID- 3883130
TI  - [CNS tumors with the clinical picture of meningitis].
AB  - Incidentally CNS tumours may simulate acute bacterial or viral meningitis,
      cerebral abscess, and tuberculous or luetic basal meningitis. 64 cases from the
      literature are analysed together with 2 personal observations. This form of
      presentation is found most frequently in high-grade malignancy, i.e. in
      glioblastoma, medulloblastoma and ependymoma. In the group of benign CNS
      neoplasms dermoid and epidermoid cysts are most often associated with the
      meningeal syndrome. The only criterion facilitating a differentiation between
      acute bacterial meningitis and CNS malignancy is CSF culture. In individual cases
      an afebrile course, a normal sedimentation rate, and a normal WBC count may help
      to differentiate. In the presence of basal meningitic or diencephalic symptoms
      related to a prolonged course discrimination between brain tumour an tuberculous
      or luetic meningitis may become extremely difficult. In these cases the
      determination of creatine kinase BB isoenzyme and carcinoembryonic antigen in CSF
      may overcome the difficulty.

PMID- 3883131
TI  - [Air pollution and bronchopulmonary disease in children].
AB  - In recent years air pollution was linked to the croup-syndrome and sudden infant
      death syndrome (SIDS). There is no doubt, that the incidence of bronchopulmonary
      disorders in infancy and childhood is higher than usual in more polluted areas.
      That has been proven especially for recurrent bronchitis and asthma syndrome. It
      may be possible, that there ist a higher frequency of pseudo-croup in extremely
      polluted areas. However, there is no certain link between air pollution and SIDS.
      Indoor pollution, or pollution of the micro-environment, is as important as
      outdoor pollution regarding bronchopulmonary diseases in infants and children.
      Smoking parents are the most important contribution to indoor pollution.
      Pediatricians should not only discuss airborn pollution but equally the
      importance of indoor environmental pollution as having a negative influence on
      the respiratory system as well.

PMID- 3883132
TI  - [Endogenous foreign body meningitis due to a spinal epidermoid].
AB  - We present a two year old child with recurrent aseptic meningitis due to a spinal
      epidermoid in the subdural space. A dermal sinus had been operated earlier in
      this child. The connection between dermal sinus and spinal epidermoid is
      demonstrated. Computed tomography (CT) examination should be used as a screening
      in all patients with congenital dermal sinus with special reference to
      visualizing anatomical details.

PMID- 3883133
TI  - [Neonatal screening for mucoviscidosis using the BM-test-meconium].
AB  - In the Federal Republic of Germany screening for cystic fibrosis by the albumin
      content of meconium (BM-test) is performed on most newborns. In this paper
      arguments for and against this test are discussed. Arguments in favour of BM-test
      screening are the possibility of early diagnosis, early treatment and genetic
      counseling. Drawbacks of the test are false positive and false negative results.
      The authors conclude that this screening test should not be performed.

PMID- 3883134
TI  - [Diagnostic criteria of iniencephaly based on the authors' own cases and the
      review of the literature].

PMID- 3883135
TI  - Artificial intelligence methods for expert medical consultant systems.

PMID- 3883136
TI  - The computer as a new basis for analytic clinical practice: coupling individual
      problems with medical knowledge.

PMID- 3883137
TI  - The effects of S9 mix from rat oesophagus, salivary gland, and liver on the
      mutagenicity of the rat oesophageal carcinogen N-nitroso-N-methylaniline in the
      Salmonella typhimurium assay.
AB  - The present study examines the feasibility of using the Salmonella typhimurium
      plate-incorporation assay of Ames for detecting target-organ specificity with N
      nitroso-N-methylaniline (NMA), a compound for which the target site for tumour
      formation in the rat is the oesophagus. Thus it was anticipated that the
      oesophagus would bioactivate this compound. The compound has been investigated
      using S9 from Aroclor- and NMA-induced rat oesophagus, salivary gland and liver
      in the presence and absence of the co-mutagen, norharman. No response to NMA was
      seen with oesophageal S9 even though benzo[a]pyrene produced a dose-related
      increase in revertants in strain TA98 and TA100. No response to NMA was seen with
      salivary-gland S9. However, a response was produced with Aroclor-induced rat
      liver S9 in the presence of norharman and with NMA-induced rat-liver S9 in the
      absence of norharman.

PMID- 3883138
TI  - Pinacolyl methylphosphonochloridate: in vitro covalent binding to DNA and
      mutagenicity in the Ames test.
AB  - In the present study, in vitro binding of 14C-labeled pinacolyl
      methylphosphonochloridate (PiCl) to calf-thymus DNA has been investigated. The
      data reveal that, at PiCl concentrations of 0.038-0.26 mM, the binding is rapid
      and saturable at the extent of modification of 1 PiCl molecule per 2000
      nucleotides. A similar range of PiCl concentrations was toxic, but did not
      produce a significant increase in mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA100
      and TA98. Our results are of relevance with regard to the in vitro assessment of
      Soman-like organophosphates and the mutagenic risk of these agents and related
      pesticides.

PMID- 3883139
TI  - Effects of pH on weak and positive control mutagens in the Ames Salmonella plate
      assay.
AB  - The effects of pH on the mutagenic activity of several chemicals were evaluated
      in the standard Ames Salmonella typhimurium plate-incorporation assay. The pH of
      the base agar was varied between 6.0 and 8.0. The positive control compounds
      routinely used in this laboratory, 2-aminoanthracene, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine,
      sodium azide and nitrofurantoin, showed increasing mutagenic activity as the pH
      was decreased to 6.0. However, the activity of two weakly mutagenic cosmetic
      ingredients, 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone and trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one,
      was completely eliminated at pH levels near 6.0. It is concluded that plates
      poured with agar with pH levels below 7.0 can result in strong responses for the
      positive control chemicals but give negative results for some mutagens.

PMID- 3883140
TI  - Effect of retinoids on carcinogen-induced mutagenesis in Salmonella tester
      strains.
AB  - The ability of retinol (Rol) in altering mutation frequencies induced by 7
      carcinogens was studied in Salmonella/microsome assay using 4 tester strains
      namely TA98, TA100, TA102 and TA1535. The 7 carcinogens used were aflatoxin B1
      (AFB), cyclophosphamide (CPP), 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA), benzo[a]pyrene (BP),
      benz[a]anthracene (BA), 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and mitomycin
      C (MMC). As reported previously, Rol significantly reduced the number of His+
      revertants induced by AFB. It also reduced mutations induced by CPP or MCA but
      not that by BP, BA, DMBA or MMC. The abilities of Rol, retinoic acid, retinyl
      acetate and a known inhibitor for certain P-450 isozymes, 7,8-benzoflavone (BF)
      in inhibiting mutations caused by AFB and BP were studied and compared. All the 3
      retinoids caused significant reduction of AFB-induced His+ revertants in a dose
      dependent manner, but there was no effect on BP-induced mutation. BF strongly
      inhibited both AFB- and BP-induced revertants. The possibility of retinoids in
      exerting their effects on mutagenesis of precarcinogens by inhibiting only
      certain forms of cytochrome P-450 enzymes is discussed.

PMID- 3883141
TI  - Mutagenicity of 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-dibromoethane in two human
      lymphoblastoid cell lines.
AB  - 1,2-Dichloroethane (DCE) and 1,2-dibromoethane (DBE) were tested for the ability
      to induce gene mutations in two human lymphoblastoid cell lines, designated AHH-1
      and TK6. Both chemicals were 'direct-acting' mutagens in both cell lines. DBE was
      essentially equally mutagenic in TK6 cells and AHH-1 cells. In contrast, DCE was
      25-fold more mutagenic in the AHH-1 cell line than in the TK6 cell line. This
      differential sensitivity between AHH-1 cells and TK6 cells was related to the
      levels of glutathione S-transferase activity in these two cell lines.

PMID- 3883142
TI  - Induction of the SOS response by ICR191 does not influence frameshift mutagenesis
      at the hisC3076 marker of Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Reversion of the Salmonella typhimurium frameshift marker hisC3076 by ICR191 and
      9-aminoacridine in rec+ and recA1 backgrounds was examined using the standard
      plate-reversion assay. For both compounds, the level of reversion observed in the
      recA strain is significantly greater than in the rec+ strain. Thus reversion of
      hisC3076 is not recA-dependent, but is recA-modulated. The ability of a mutagen
      (or mutagenic treatment) to induce the recA lexA-dependent SOS response does not
      therefore imply that mutagenic effects will also be recA-dependent.

PMID- 3883143
TI  - The specificity of base-pair substitution induced by the mutL and mutS mutators
      in E. coli.
AB  - The Escherichia coli mutator alleles, mutL and mutS, produced transversion as
      well as transition base-pair substitutions with the trpA reversion system.
      Transversions, however, were generally mutator-induced at a lower level than
      transitions and the specific type of transversion and its nucleotide position
      appeared to strongly affect its level of enhancement. These results are
      interpreted to mean that mutL- and mutS-dependent mismatch correction is
      generally more effective at correcting transition mispairings than transversion
      mispairings. Correction of transversion mispairings is probably dependent upon
      site of occurrence and type of mismatch.

PMID- 3883144
TI  - Induction of umuC gene expression by nitrogen dioxide in Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Gaseous nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was found to induce umuC gene expression in
      Salmonella typhimurium carrying the umuC-lacZ fusion plasmid. The induction level
      of the umu operon responsible for inducible mutagenesis was measured by the level
      of beta-galactosidase in the cell, encoded by the fusion gene. NO2 gas was
      bubbled into bacterial suspensions at 10, 30 and 90 microliters/l for 30 min at a
      flow rate of 100 ml/min. Expression of the umuC gene varied with the
      concentration, flow rate and bubbling time of the NO2 gas. Although NO2 gas
      induces SOS functions, mutagenesis due to it was not detectable in Salmonella
      typhimurium TA100 and TA102. Nitric oxide gas (NO) did not induce any umuC gene
      expression.

PMID- 3883145
TI  - The role of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase in cell survival, mutagenesis
      and carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3883146
TI  - Mutational and recombinational events in carcinogen-modified plasmid DNA.
      Influence of host-cell repair genes.
AB  - A plasmid containing the STR operon has been modified in vitro (i) by irradiation
      with UV light, (ii) by reaction with ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS), (iii) by
      reaction with N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (AcO-AAF), (iv) by reaction with
      (+/-)trans-benzo[a]pyrene-7, 8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), and (v) by
      heating at 70 degrees C to produce apurinic sites. Suitably modified plasmid DNA
      was then used to transform both repair-proficient and repair-deficient strains of
      Escherichia coli, and the mutation frequency in the plasmid-encoded rspL+ gene
      measured. The influence of host mutations in the uvrB+, recA+, umuC+ and lexA+,
      genes on the mutation frequency have been investigated. Transformation into a
      uvrB strain significantly decreased survival and increased the level of mutations
      observed for UV- and AcO-AAF-modified plasmid DNA, while only a small increase in
      mutation frequency was seen with EMS-modified DNA and no increase in mutation
      frequency with plasmid DNA containing apurinic sites. Mutagenesis in UV- and BPDE
      modified DNA (and probably also DNA containing apurinic sites) was totally
      dependent on he recA+ gene product, while EMS and AcO-AAF induced mutagenesis was
      only partially independent on the recA+ gene. Transformation of UV- or BPDE
      modified DNA into a umuC or lexA strain, on the other hand, showed no change in
      mutation frequency from that observed with wild-type strain. Pre-irradiation of
      the wild-type host with UV light before transformation led to a significant
      increase in mutation frequency for UV- and BPDE-modified plasmid DNA. These
      results are discussed in terms of mutational or recombinational pathways which
      may be available to act on modified plasmid DNA, and suggest that the majority of
      the mutational events measured in this system are due to recombination between
      homologous regions on the plasmid and chromosomal DNA.

PMID- 3883147
TI  - Repair of platinum-DNA lesions in E. coli by a pathway which does not recognize
      DNA damage caused by MNNG or UV light.
AB  - The adaptive response is an inducible DNA-repair system which diminishes the
      mutagenic and toxic effects of alkylating agents. A mutant of E. coli
      constitutive for adaptative repair, BS21, has been isolated. A spontaneous
      revertant of this strain, BS23, lacks the adaptive response. When compared to its
      wild-type parent, mutant BS21 showed an increased resistance to the killing and
      mutagenic effects of a compound which is not a classical alkylating agent, the
      antitumor drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP). However, this
      resistance to cis-DDP was also found in strain BS23 which lacks the adaptive
      response. cis-DDP bound to the DNA of all 3 strains with the same efficiency. In
      addition, we have investigated the effect of UV radiation and we failed to
      observe a significant difference in the survival and mutagenesis of these
      strains. This evidence suggests that the resistance of BS21 and BS23 strains to
      cis-DDP is not a consequence of the adaptive response or increased excision
      repair.

PMID- 3883148
TI  - Paradoxical behaviour of pKM101; inhibition of uvr-independent crosslink repair
      in Escherichia coli by muc gene products.
AB  - In strains of Escherichia coli deficient in excision repair (uvrA or uvrB),
      plasmid pKM101 muc+ but not pGW219 mucB::Tn5 enhanced resistance to angelicin
      monoadducts but reduced resistance to 8-methoxy-psoralen interstrand DNA
      crosslinks. Thermally induced recA-441 (= tif-1) bacteria showed an additional
      resistance to crosslinks that was blocked by pKM101. Plasmid-borne muc+ genes
      also conferred some additional sensitivity to gamma-radiation and it is suggested
      that a repair step susceptible to inhibition by muc+ gene products and possibly
      involving double-strand breaks may be involved after both ionizing radiation
      damage and psoralen crosslinks.

PMID- 3883149
TI  - A quantitative comparison of a percentile rule with a 2-fold rule for assessing
      mutagenicity in the Ames assay.
AB  - Using a model based on the bivariate normal density function, this paper compares
      the effectiveness of two commonly employed decision rules for assessing
      mutagenicity in the standard Ames Salmonella assay. The 2-fold method, which
      considers a compound significantly mutagenic if its mean number of revertants per
      plate at any dose is equal to or greater than twice the mean number of revertants
      per plate in the concurrent control, may be a poor indicator of significant
      mutagenesis. In the percentile method, the frequency of induced mutations for the
      test compound is tested against the 95th percentile of the accumulated historical
      data for the spontaneous mutation frequency. As judged by the higher probability
      of declaring a compound mutagenic that elevates the reversion rate above
      background, the percentile rule is more reliable than the 2-fold method.

PMID- 3883150
TI  - 1-Nitrosopyrene: an intermediate in the metabolic activation of 1-nitropyrene to
      a mutagen in Salmonella typhimurium TA1538.
AB  - Incubation of Salmonella typhimurium TA1538, in suspension culture, with 1.5 or
      23 microM 1-nitropyrene resulted in a time-dependent increase in reversions for
      up to 7 h. In contrast, when the bacteria were exposed to 1.5 microM 1
      nitrosopyrene, a reduction product of 1-nitropyrene, maximum reversion induction
      occurred after 1 h and a much higher mutation frequency was detected. Examination
      of DNA isolated from Salmonella typhimurium incubated with 4.1 microM [4,5,9,10
      3H]1-nitrosopyrene indicated the presence of one major adduct, N-(deoxyguanosin-8
      yl)-1-aminopyrene, the same adduct observed previously when the bacteria were
      exposed to 1-nitropyrene. When calf thymus DNA was treated with 1-nitrosopyrene
      in the presence of ascorbic acid, 1-aminopyrene was formed concomitant with the
      production of N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-aminopyrene. In the absence of ascorbic
      acid, a 20-fold reduction in DNA binding was observed and 1-aminopyrene was not
      detected. The observations that 1-nitrosopyrene forms the same DNA adduct and is
      more mutagenic than 1-nitropyrene, suggest that 1-nitrosopyrene is an
      intermediate in the mutagenic activation of 1-nitropyrene in Salmonella
      typhimurium TA1538. Since reduction of 1-nitrosopyrene was necessary to get
      appreciable DNA binding in vitro, further reduction of 1-nitrosopyrene to N
      hydroxy-1-aminopyrene is probably required in the activation pathway.

PMID- 3883151
TI  - Relationship between mutagenic potency in Salmonella typhimurium and chemical
      structure of amino- and nitro-substituted biphenyls.
AB  - All positional isomers of mononitro- and monoaminobiphenyls and those of dinitro
      , diamino- and aminonitrobiphenyls, which have one substituent on each benzene
      ring, were assayed for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium by the Ames method.
      The results suggest that the structural requirements favoring mutagenic activity
      are the presence of substituents at the 4-position and their absence at the 2'
      position. The introduction of an amino group to the 3'- or 4'-position of 4
      nitrobiphenyl or a nitro group to 3'- or 4'-position of 4-aminobiphenyl enhanced
      the mutagenicity. Among the mutagenic compounds, 4-nitro analogues were mutagenic
      in strains TA98 and TA100 in the absence of a microsomal metabolic activation
      system. Strain TA98NR was not reverted by the direct-acting mutagens, whereas
      strain TA98/1,8-DNP6 was as revertible as strain TA98; these results suggest that
      the direct-acting mutagenicity involves the reduction of the nitro group by
      bacterial nitroreductase but does not involve specific esterification enzymes.

PMID- 3883152
TI  - Genetic toxicology testing of 41 industrial chemicals.
AB  - 41 compounds or mixtures of diverse structure and application have been tested
      for genotoxic activity. The materials were tested in bacterial mutation assays,
      in Saccharomyces cerevisiae JD1 for mitotic gene conversion and in a cultured rat
      liver cell line for structural chromosome damage. 11 compounds were bacterial
      mutagens, 4 induced mitotic gene conversion in yeast and 5 were positive in the
      chromosome assay. 5 of the materials were positive in bacteria only and 2
      compounds induced chromosome damage in cultured cells in the absence of mutation
      in bacteria or gene conversion in yeast. The materials were tested over a 5-year
      period and the performance and evolution of the 3 assays during this time is
      evaluated. The results are considered in relation to the structure of the
      chemicals and the genotoxicity of related compounds.

PMID- 3883153
TI  - Mutagenicity of trichloroethylene, trichloroethanol and chloral hydrate in
      Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - A trichloroethylene (TCE) sample, free of epoxides, has been assayed for its
      ability to induce gene mutations (methionine suppressors) and mitotic segregation
      in the mould Aspergillus nidulans. No increase in the spontaneous frequency of
      methionine suppressors was observed when conidia of a haploid strain were plated
      on selective medium and exposed to TCE vapours. A weak but statistically
      significant increase in methionine suppressors was detected, however, when
      conidia of cultures grown and conidiated in the presence of TCE vapours were
      plated onto selective media. Growing colonies of a heterozygous diploid strain
      were exposed to TCE vapours to investigate the induction of mitotic segregation.
      Scoring and phenotypic analysis of segregant sectors showed a significant
      increase in the frequency of haploids and 'non-disjunctional' diploids but not of
      cross-overs. Treatment of quiescent conidia in liquid medium was ineffective.
      Trichloroethanol and chloral hydrate, two main TCE metabolites in mammals, shared
      the ability to induce somatic segregation demonstrated by TCE vapours. On the
      grounds of these results the possible endogenous metabolic conversion of TCE into
      trichloroethanol and chloral hydrate is hypothesized.

PMID- 3883154
TI  - Mutagenic and recombinogenic activity of hydrazine sulphate in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - Treatment of diploid cells of S. cerevisiae with 0.1 and 0.2 M hydrazine sulphate
      induced reverse mutation, mitotic crossing-over and gene conversion at exposures
      ranging over 4 orders of magnitude. The percentage of induced mitotic cross-overs
      and total aberrant colonies as well as the frequencies of revertants and
      convertants were dependent on the concentration used and the duration of
      treatment. These genetic events are induced without post-treatment cell division
      and at exposures which cause a minimal level of cell death.

PMID- 3883155
TI  - Genotoxic effects of potassium dichromate, sodium arsenite, cobalt chloride and
      lead nitrate in diploid yeast.
AB  - 4 metal salts, potassium dichromate, sodium arsenite, cobalt chloride and lead
      nitrate were tested for their genotoxic effects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
      Potassium dichromate was the most potent agent for induction of gene conversion
      and reverse mutation. Sodium arsenite was virtually ineffective as a convertogen
      but gave a positive result for reversion. Cobalt chloride was the least toxic,
      exhibited a convertogenic activity but was only marginally active for reverse
      mutation. Lead nitrate was the most toxic salt but was genetically inactive.

PMID- 3883156
TI  - Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity of monochloro derivatives of some di-, tri- and
      tetracyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
AB  - A series of 8 monochloroarenes have been tested for mutagenicity in the
      Salmonella/microsome assay. None of the compounds was detectably active in the
      absence of mammalian activation whereas, depending on structure, some of the
      compounds were mutagenic in its presence having responses higher than those
      reported for the parent compounds.

PMID- 3883157
TI  - Bacterial mutagenicity of aceanthrylene: a novel cyclopenta-fused polycyclic
      aromatic hydrocarbon of low molecular weight.
AB  - Aceanthrylene, a non-alternant cyclopenta-fused hydrocarbon, was shown to be
      weakly mutagenic without S9 and strongly mutagenic with S9 in the Ames Salmonella
      plate incorporation assay. The compound was most active in strain TA100 (35
      revertants/nmole in the presence of 0.3 mg of S9 protein), and less active in
      strains TA98, TA1537 and TA1538 (20, 10 and 3.1 rev/nmole respectively, + S9).
      Strain TA1535 was unresponsive, suggesting that this compound induces frameshift
      mutations rather than base-pair substitutions. The mutagenic potency of
      aceanthrylene is consistent with predictions of its activity based on the
      relatively large delocalization energy (delta E deloc/beta = 0.931) of the
      carbonium ion which would result from oxirane ring opening of the 1,2-epoxide, a
      potential active metabolite.

PMID- 3883158
TI  - Effect of bile acids on formation of the mutagen, quercetin, from two flavonol
      glycoside precursors by human gut bacterial preparations.
AB  - Human fecal cultures, induced with either of the flavonols, quercitrin or rutin,
      were grown in the presence of various concentrations of chenodeoxycholic acid,
      deoxycholic acid or cholic acid. Cell-free preparations (fecal preparations) from
      these cultures were then incubated with rutin or quercitrin. The formation of the
      aglycone, quercetin, was monitored by the Ames assay using tester strain TA98.
      The presence of chenodeoxycholic or deoxycholic acids in the quercitrin-induced
      culture resulted in a fecal preparation which enhanced the mutagenesis of
      quercitrin approximately two-fold at optimal concentrations of 0.6 mM and 0.8 mM
      respectively. Higher concentrations of these bile acids decreased the activity of
      the fecal preparations. Cholic acid gave similar results except a much higher
      concentration (3.0 mM) was required to achieve this effect. Analogous results
      with rutin-induced cultures were less clear cut: considerable variation in bile
      acid effect was noted among volunteers. The authors propose that bile acid in the
      medium may enhance the ability of rutin- and quercitrin-glycosidase elaborating
      organisms to successfully compete with other microbial populations. Additionally,
      the greater variation in results using rutin as inducer may reflect more
      heterogeneous populations of organisms active against this substrate. The
      possible role of bile acids and flavonols in bowel cancer is discussed.

PMID- 3883159
TI  - Further studies on the immunoelectronmicroscopic localization of polysaccharide
      antigens on ultra-thin sections of Candida albicans.

PMID- 3883160
TI  - [Naftifin in foot mycoses. Double-blind therapeutic comparison with
      clotrimazole].

PMID- 3883161
TI  - Diagnosis of cryptococcosis and monitoring of chemotherapy.

PMID- 3883162
TI  - Effect of blood glucose control on increased glomerular filtration rate and
      kidney size in insulin-dependent diabetes.
AB  - To investigate the relation between blood glucose control on the one hand and an
      increased glomerular filtration rate and enlarged kidneys on the other, we
      studied 12 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and an increased glomerular
      filtration rate for a year after they were randomly assigned either to continuous
      subcutaneous insulin infusion or to unchanged conventional therapy. Glycemic
      control, measured by mean plasma concentrations of glucose and glycosylated
      hemoglobin, was rapidly and significantly improved (P less than 0.001) in the
      pump group but did not change in the conventional-treatment group. In the pump
      group, the glomerular filtration rate fell significantly in the study period (P
      less than 0.001) and became normal in four of the six patients. It did not change
      in the conventional-treatment group. There was no change in kidney volume in
      either group. At the end of a year, a return to conventional insulin treatment in
      the pump group resulted in both metabolic deterioration and a significant rise in
      the mean glomerular filtration rate toward base-line values. We conclude that in
      patients with established insulin-dependent diabetes, strict glycemic control
      normalizes the glomerular filtration rate, although the kidneys may remain
      enlarged.

PMID- 3883163
TI  - Food technology. A primer for physicians.

PMID- 3883164
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 10-1985. A 29-year-old native of India with bilateral ulcerative
      keratitis.

PMID- 3883165
TI  - Pain relief in myocardial infarction after continuous epidural morphine
      analgesia.

PMID- 3883166
TI  - In defense of Virchow.

PMID- 3883167
TI  - Five-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing total mastectomy and
      segmental mastectomy with or without radiation in the treatment of breast cancer.
AB  - In 1976 we began a randomized trial to evaluate breast conservation by a
      segmental mastectomy in the treatment of Stage I and II breast tumors less than
      or equal to 4 cm in size. The operation removes only sufficient tissue to ensure
      that margins of resected specimens are free of tumor. Women were randomly
      assigned to total mastectomy, segmental mastectomy alone, or segmental mastectomy
      followed by breast irradiation. All patients had axillary dissections, and
      patients with positive nodes received chemotherapy. Life-table estimates based on
      data from 1843 women indicated that treatment by segmental mastectomy, with or
      without breast irradiation, resulted in disease-free, distant-disease-free, and
      overall survival at five years that was no worse than that after total breast
      removal. In fact, disease-free survival after segmental mastectomy plus radiation
      was better than disease-free survival after total mastectomy (P = 0.04), and
      overall survival after segmental mastectomy, with or without radiation, was
      better than overall survival after total mastectomy (P = 0.07, and 0.06,
      respectively). A total of 92.3 per cent of women treated with radiation remained
      free of breast tumor at five years, as compared with 72.1 per cent of those
      receiving no radiation (P less than 0.001). Among patients with positive nodes
      97.9 per cent of women treated with radiation and 63.8 per cent of those
      receiving no radiation remained tumor-free (P less than 0.001), although both
      groups received chemotherapy. We conclude that segmental mastectomy, followed by
      breast irradiation in all patients and adjuvant chemotherapy in women with
      positive nodes, is appropriate therapy for Stage I and II breast tumors less than
      or equal to 4 cm, provided that margins of resected specimens are free of tumor.

PMID- 3883168
TI  - Ten-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing radical mastectomy and
      total mastectomy with or without radiation.
AB  - In 1971 we began a randomized trial to compare alternative local and regional
      treatments of breast cancer, all of which employ breast removal. Life-table
      estimates were obtained for 1665 women enrolled in the study for a mean of 126
      months. There were no significant differences among three groups of patients with
      clinically negative axillary nodes, with respect to disease-free survival,
      distant-disease--free survival, or overall survival (about 57 per cent) at 10
      years. The patients were treated by radical mastectomy, total ("simple")
      mastectomy without axillary dissection but with regional irradiation, or total
      mastectomy without irradiation plus axillary dissection only if nodes were
      subsequently positive. Similarly, no differences were observed between patients
      with clinically positive nodes treated by radical mastectomy or by total
      mastectomy without axillary dissection but with regional irradiation. Survival at
      10 years was about 38 per cent in both groups. Our findings indicate that the
      location of a breast tumor does not influence the prognosis and that irradiation
      of internal mammary nodes in patients with inner-quadrant lesions does not
      improve survival. The data also demonstrate that the results obtained at five
      years accurately predict the outcome at 10 years. We conclude that the variations
      of local and regional treatment used in this study are not important in
      determining survival of patients with breast cancer.

PMID- 3883169
TI  - Current concepts in psychiatry. Alexithymia.

PMID- 3883170
TI  - Potassium supplementation in hypertensive patients with diuretic-induced
      hypokalemia.
AB  - Changes in potassium balance have been found to have variable effects on the
      blood pressure of animals, and the administration of potassium supplements has
      been reported to lower the blood pressure of normokalemic hypertensive patients.
      To assess the effect of potassium repletion in hypokalemic hypertension, we
      administered either potassium chloride, 60 mmol per day, or placebo tablets, each
      for six weeks, in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial to 16 hypertensive
      patients who had diuretic-induced hypokalemia and who continued to take a
      constant amount of diuretic. We selected patients whose control serum potassium
      levels were below 3.5 mmol per liter. In association with an average rise in the
      serum potassium concentration of 0.56 mmol per liter, the mean blood pressure
      fell by an average of 5.5 mm Hg (P = 0.004), with at least a 4 mm Hg fall
      observed in 9 of the 16 patients. The fall in blood pressure correlated with a
      fall in plasma renin activity (r = 0.568, P = 0.043) but not with changes in
      plasma aldosterone levels or other variables. We conclude that short-term
      potassium supplementation that ameliorates diuretic-induced hypokalemia may
      induce a significant fall in blood pressure.

PMID- 3883171
TI  - Bacterial arthritis.

PMID- 3883172
TI  - Efficacy of low-dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis completed a randomized
      24-week double-blind crossover trial comparing oral methotrexate (2.5 to 5 mg
      every 12 hours for three doses weekly) with placebo. The methotrexate group had
      significant reductions (P less than 0.01 as compared with the placebo group) in
      the number of tender or painful joints, the duration of morning stiffness, and
      disease activity according to physician and patient assessments at the 12-week
      crossover visit; reductions in the number of swollen joints (P less than 0.05)
      and 15-m walking time (P less than 0.03) also occurred. These variables, as well
      as the grip strength and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, showed significant (P
      less than 0.01) improvement at 24 weeks in the population crossed over to
      methotrexate. A significantly increased frequency (P less than 0.03) of the HLA
      DR2 haplotype occurred in the eight patients with the most substantial response
      to methotrexate. Adverse reactions during methotrexate therapy included
      transaminase elevation (21 per cent), nausea (18 per cent), and diarrhea (12 per
      cent); one patient was withdrawn from the trial because of diarrhea. One patient
      died while receiving the placebo. Methotrexate did not affect measures of humoral
      or cellular immunity. We conclude that this trial provides evidence of the short
      term efficacy of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis, but the mechanism of
      action is unknown. Longer trials will be required to determine the ultimate
      safety and effectiveness of this drug.

PMID- 3883173
TI  - Health care of the elderly.

PMID- 3883174
TI  - Pregnancy in women with chronic renal disease.

PMID- 3883175
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 13-1985. A 33-year-old woman with a pulmonary nodule two years
      after renal transplantation.

PMID- 3883176
TI  - Lewis Thomas and William James.

PMID- 3883178
TI  - Statistical concepts fundamental to investigations.

PMID- 3883177
TI  - Successful parenteral penicillin therapy of established Lyme arthritis.
AB  - In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial carried out from 1980 to 1982, 20
      patients with established Lyme arthritis were assigned treatment with 2.4 million
      U of intramuscular benzathine penicillin weekly for three weeks (total, 7.2
      million U) and 20 patients received saline. Seven of the 20 penicillin-treated
      patients (35 per cent) had complete resolution of arthritis soon after the
      injections and have remained well during a mean follow-up period of 33 months. In
      contrast, all 20 patients given placebo continued to have attacks of arthritis (P
      less than 0.02). In 1983, of 20 patients treated with intravenous penicillin G,
      20 million U a day for 10 days, 11 (55 per cent) had complete resolution of
      arthritis and have remained well since. As compared with nonresponders,
      penicillin-responsive patients in both studies were more likely to have
      previously received antibiotics for erythema chronicum migrans (P less than 0.02)
      and less likely to have been given intraarticular corticosteroids during or at
      the conclusion of parenteral therapy (P less than 0.1). The Lyme spirochete was
      not cultured from synovium or joint fluid. We conclude that established Lyme
      arthritis can often be treated successfully with parenteral penicillin. However,
      neither of the regimens that we tested is uniformly effective, and further
      experience will be needed to determine the optimal course of therapy.

PMID- 3883179
TI  - Current concepts. Management of asthma during pregnancy.

PMID- 3883180
TI  - Possible modes of transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

PMID- 3883181
TI  - Computer-assisted surgery.

PMID- 3883182
TI  - Effect of omeprazole and cimetidine on duodenal ulcer. A double-blind comparative
      trial.
AB  - We conducted a double-blind randomized study of 132 patients to determine whether
      the new, investigational proton-pump inhibitor, omeprazole (30 mg per day), would
      accelerate healing and pain relief, as compared with cimetidine (1 g per day), in
      patients with duodenal ulcer. After two weeks of treatment, which was completed
      by all patients, the healing rates were 73 per cent in the omeprazole group and
      46 per cent in the cimetidine group (P less than 0.01). After four weeks of
      treatment, which was completed by 118 patients, the corresponding figures were 92
      and 74 per cent (P less than 0.05). In the omeprazole group 55 per cent of the
      patients were free of pain after the first week, as compared with 40 per cent of
      those treated with cimetidine (P greater than 0.05). No major clinical or
      biochemical side effects of omeprazole or cimetidine were noted. A six-month
      follow-up study revealed no significant difference between the recurrence rates
      after omeprazole and after cimetidine treatment. In May 1984 clinical trials with
      omeprazole were temporarily suspended, since a study of long-term toxicity in
      rats had shown the development of gastric carcinoid tumors.

PMID- 3883183
TI  - Drug therapy. Serum bactericidal activity as a monitor of antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 3883184
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 15-1985. Cardiopulmonary arrest in a 14-year-old girl.

PMID- 3883185
TI  - Ohio's plan for organ transplantation.

PMID- 3883186
TI  - A survey of operating room nursing between the Great Wars.

PMID- 3883187
TI  - Artificial limbs, past, present and future.

PMID- 3883188
TI  - Yeast aids cancer research.

PMID- 3883190
TI  - Protein structures. Two for the price of one.

PMID- 3883189
TI  - Oxytocin-immunoreactive terminals synapse on oxytocin neurones in the supraoptic
      nucleus.
AB  - The neuropeptide oxytocin, synthesized by magnocellular neurones in the
      hypothalamus, is well known for its peripheral action during lactation and
      parturition after its release into the bloodstream from axons in the
      neurohypophysis. However, it may also be released centrally to control the
      activity of oxytocinergic neurones themselves. Oxytocin release has been measured
      from isolated magnocellular nuclei in vitro and in the cerebrospinal fluid. When
      injected into the third ventricle, the peptide increases the basal firing rate of
      oxytocinergic neurones as well as the frequency and amplitude of the bursts of
      action potentials they normally show before each reflex milk ejection. Oxytocin
      also excites magnocellular neurones when applied microiontophoretically. I now
      report that immunocytochemical staining reveals synapses in the supraoptic
      nucleus of the hypothalamus where both the pre- and postsynaptic elements contain
      oxytocin. These oxytocinergic synapses, impinging on their own neurones, may
      represent the anatomical basis for the hypothalamic release of this peptide and
      for the facilitatory action on its own secretion.

PMID- 3883191
TI  - Autocrine growth factors and cancer.
AB  - The ability of cancer cells to produce and to respond to their own growth factors
      (autocrine secretion) has become a central concept linking oncogene and growth
      factor research. Oncogenes confer growth factor autonomy on cells not only by
      coding directly for autocrine peptide growth factors or their receptors, but also
      by amplifying the mitogenic signals generated by a growth factor at its receptor.
      Antagonists of positive autocrine growth factors can inhibit growth of cancer
      cells in experimental animals. Recently identified negative autocrine growth
      factors might themselves control aberrant cell growth.

PMID- 3883192
TI  - Structure of large fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I complexed with
      dTMP.
AB  - The 3.3-A resolution crystal structure of the large proteolytic fragment of
      Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I complexed with deoxythymidine monophosphate
      consists of two domains, the smaller of which binds zinc-deoxythymidine
      monophosphate. The most striking feature of the larger domain is a deep crevice
      of the appropriate size and shape for binding double-stranded B-DNA. A flexible
      subdomain may allow the enzyme to surround completely the DNA substrate, thereby
      allowing processive nucleotide polymerization without enzyme dissociation.

PMID- 3883193
TI  - Adaptation of Plasmodium falciparum to glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      deficient host red cells by production of parasite-encoded enzyme.
AB  - There is impressive evidence from geographical data, studies in the field and in
      vitro culture work that genetically determined deficiency of glucose 6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (G6PD) confers relative protection against the human malaria
      parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. G6PD is encoded by an X-chromosome-linked gene,
      and protection phenomenon is manifested in heterozygous females who are genetic
      mosaics but, surprisingly, not in hemizygous males with complete deficiency. We
      have shown previously that the parasite, when passaged serially through G6PD
      deficient red cells, undergoes adaptive changes that gradually improve its
      ability to multiply in these deficient cells. To explain the above paradox, we
      now show that this adaptive process is associated with, and may consist in, the
      induction of synthesis of a novel G6PD coded by Plasmodium falciparum.

PMID- 3883194
TI  - Detection in vivo of protein-DNA interactions within the lac operon of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Studies of the sequence-specific binding of proteins to DNA have so far relied on
      in vitro experiments using cloned restriction fragments containing the relevant
      DNA sequences. We have applied the genomic sequencing technique of Church and
      Gilbert to show that the interactions observed in vitro occur in vivo. We use
      this approach to study the binding of regulatory proteins to the lac operon in
      vivo and detect changes in the reactivity (inhibition or enhancement) of guanines
      to methylation by dimethyl sulphate caused by the proximity of proteins to the N
      7 atom of these guanines. We can detect the simultaneous binding of the
      catobolite gene activator protein (CAP) and the Lac repressor to their specific
      recognition sequences, and following induction of the lac operon we observe
      effects that are related to RNA polymerase binding or RNA elongation. We have
      successfully used oligonucleotide probes as short as 17 bases to display genomic
      sequence.

PMID- 3883195
TI  - Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene for human tumour necrosis
      factor.
AB  - Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) was found originally in mouse serum after
      intravenous injection of bacterial endotoxin into mice primed with viable
      Mycobacterium bovis, strain Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). TNF-containing serum
      from mice is cytotoxic or cytostatic to a number of mouse and human transformed
      cell lines, but less or not toxic to normal cells in vitro. It causes necrosis of
      transplantable tumours in mice. TNF also occurs in serum of rat, rabbit and
      guinea pig. Rabbit TNF has been purified recently to give a single band on SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The purified TNF had a relative
      molecular mass (Mr) 40,000 +/- 5,000 measured by gel filtration, and 17,000 by
      SDS-PAGE. Its isoelectric point is 5.0 +/- 0.3. The necrotic activity in vivo and
      the cytotoxicity in vitro are produced by the same substance. The gene encoding
      TNF has been identified in a human genomic DNA library using as a probe a cloned
      cDNA encoding a portion of rabbit TNF. The regions of this gene encoding an amino
      acid sequence corresponding to mature TNF have been expressed in Escherichia coli
      and the product of this expression isolated in pure form and shown to produce
      necrosis of murine tumours in vivo.

PMID- 3883196
TI  - Domain of E. coli DNA polymerase I showing sequence homology to T7 DNA
      polymerase.
AB  - Escherichia coli contains three DNA polymerases that differ in their size,
      ability to interact with accessory proteins and biological function. Monomeric
      DNA polymerase I (Pol I) has a relative molecular mass (Mr) of 103,000 (103K) and
      is involved primarily in the repair of damaged DNA and the processing of Okazaki
      fragments; polymerase II is of Mr 120K, and polymerase III has a Mr of 140K, is
      responsible for the replication of the DNA chromosome and is just one of several
      proteins that are required for replication. DNA polymerases from bacteriophage as
      well as those of eukaryotic viral and cellular origin also differ with respect to
      their size and the number of associated proteins that are required for them to
      function in replication. However, the template-directed copying of DNA is
      identical in all cases. The crystal structure of the large proteolytic fragment
      of Pol I shows that it consists of two domains, the larger of which contains a
      deep crevice whose dimensions are such that it can bind duplex DNA. The T7
      polymerase consists of two subunits, the 80K gene 5 protein and the host-encoded
      12K thioredoxin of E. coli. We show here that there is an amino acid sequence
      homology between at least eight polypeptide segments that form the large cleft in
      the Klenow fragment and polypeptides in T7 DNA polymerase gene 5 protein,
      suggesting that this domain evolved from a common precursor. The parts of the Pol
      I and T7 DNA polymerase molecules that bind the DNA substrate appear to share
      common structural features, and these features may be shared by all of these
      varied DNA polymerases.

PMID- 3883197
TI  - A test for intron function in the yeast actin gene.
AB  - Many eukaryotic genes contain intervening sequences (IVS), but the rationale for
      their existence remains a mystery. Previous studies done in our laboratory
      demonstrated that the intron in a yeast tRNATyr gene, SUP6, does have a function.
      We used the same approach to determine the role of introns in nuclear genes
      encoding messenger RNAs. A single actin gene with one intron exists in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The level of actin in yeast appears to be crucial to
      viability: either too much or too little actin inhibits growth. Therefore, small
      effects on synthesis of actin protein resulting from the removal of the actin
      gene intron would be expected to cause measurable changes in cell growth. In the
      present study, an intron-deleted actin gene was constructed in vitro and was used
      to replace the single resident actin gene in a haploid strain. Analysis of the
      cells carrying the intron-deleted actin gene shows that the intervening sequence
      is not essential for actin gene expression.

PMID- 3883198
TI  - Control of germ cell nuclear behaviour at fertilization by Tetrahymena
      intermediate filament protein.
AB  - Intermediate filament protein [relative molecular mass (Mr) 49,000 (49K)] from
      the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena has been shown to resemble intermediate
      filament proteins from mammalian cells in several respects, and to have a
      possible role in the oral morphogenesis preceding binary fission in Tetrahymena.
      Here, based on immunofluorescence localization of the 49K protein in Tetrahymena
      during the early stages of conjugation, we suggest that the protein is involved
      in some nuclear events, such as the production of four haploid nuclei by
      prezygotic divisions (meiosis), selection of one of the four meiotic products,
      formation of the gametic pronucleus by the mitotic division of the selected
      meiotic product, transfer of the gametic pronucleus across a cell-cell junction,
      and zygote formation by pronuclear fusion.

PMID- 3883199
TI  - Interactions between digitalis and antiarrhythmic drugs.

PMID- 3883200
TI  - [A rapid diagnostic test (Tzanck test) to exclude herpesvirus infections in
      vesicles, blisters and pustules].

PMID- 3883201
TI  - The best that medical science has to offer.

PMID- 3883202
TI  - [Carbamazepine in manic syndromes. A controlled double-blind study].

PMID- 3883203
TI  - Unilateral membranous glomerulopathy during captopril treatment.

PMID- 3883204
TI  - Clinical relevance of steroid receptor determinations.

PMID- 3883205
TI  - Effect of dialysate glucose load on plasma glucose and glucoregulatory hormones
      in CAPD patients.
AB  - The effect of a dialysate exchange with both 1.5 and 4.25% glucose solutions on
      plasma levels of glucose, insulin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and
      glucagon has been investigated in 5 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
      (CAPD) patients. Only in the case of the 4.25% solution did plasma glucose levels
      rise above 100 mg/dl. 4 of the 5 patients responded to this change with a marked
      insulin secretion. Employing the 1.5% solution, plasma glucose remained stable
      and only a slight insulin stimulation was observed in 2 patients. It is concluded
      that provided the 4.25% dialysates are used only occasionally, there will be no
      continuous stimulation of the pancreatic beta-cells due to absorption of glucose
      from the dialysate alone during CAPD treatment. GIP levels are highly elevated in
      CAPD patients. A dialysate exchange with either a 1.5 or a 4.25% glucose solution
      had no effect on this gastrointestinal hormone. Hyperglucagonemia was also
      observed in this collective. An initial suppression of glucagon levels occurred
      in 4 of the patients after a 4.25% dialysate exchange. The 5th patient
      demonstrated an initial rise followed by a later decrease in glucagon, a response
      similar to that reported in adult onset diabetes after an oral glucose tolerance
      test.

PMID- 3883206
TI  - Dedication to Nils Alwall.

PMID- 3883207
TI  - Replacement therapy in terminal renal failure in Sweden 1975-1981. What resources
      will be needed in the future?
AB  - In 1975 the Swedish Society of Nephrology started annual reports on renal
      replacement therapy in Sweden. 1975-1981 the annual number of new patients rose
      from 35 to 52 per million, largely due to increasing numbers of older patients
      (60 years or more) and of diabetics. In three out of seven health care regions
      the annual incidence was higher, 41-80 patients per million, than in the other
      four regions (19-49 patients). These differences correlated with the proportions
      of older patients and of diabetics, suggesting varying selection criteria. During
      the same period the total number of patients on replacement therapy rose from 103
      to 208 per million, in two regions from about 130 to 250, and in five regions
      from about 90 to 190 per million. The prevalence graphs for all regions run
      parallel due to higher mortality rates in the regions with high incidence of
      replacement therapy. About 50% of the patients had functioning grafts, a
      percentage which did not change throughout the years. It is suggested that at
      least 65-75 new patients, including 15-17 diabetics, per million population may
      be candidates for replacement therapy.

PMID- 3883208
TI  - Electron-dense deposits in extraglomerular vascular structures in IgA
      nephropathy. A retrospective study.
AB  - 24 renal biopsies from 23 patients with IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) were
      examined. This retrospective ultrastructural study focused on extraglomerular
      vascular structures since information about these structures in IgA nephropathy
      is lacking. Electron-dense deposits were observed in arterioles in 8 out of 18
      biopsies (44%), in which arterioles were available for electron microscopic
      examination. Deposits were absent in peritubular capillaries and in all arteries.
      The presence of deposits had no correlation with the patient's blood pressure.
      The electron-dense deposits represent additional evidence that IgA nephropathy is
      a monosymptomatic form of a systemic disease that is mediated by circulating
      immune complexes of heterogeneous origin.

PMID- 3883209
TI  - Ultrasonic findings in analgesic nephropathy.
AB  - 34 patients with analgesic nephropathy (AN) were investigated by real-time
      ultrasonography. In 11 out of 14 patients on maintenance dialysis and in 16 out
      of 20 patients with renal insufficiency calcified renal papillae were documented
      surrounding the central sinus in a typical garland pattern. Moreover, by
      surveying a group of patients with renal insufficiency of unknown origin, AN was
      assumed in 10 patients and was then confirmed by a hitherto unknown history of
      analgesic abuse as well as by laboratory findings. In 37 patients radiologic or
      autopsy data were additionally available. A close correlation to the scanning
      pattern was found in 31 of these patients. In 30 healthy volunteers and 56
      patients with renal insufficiency due to chronic glomerulonephritis (n = 24) or
      diabetic nephropathy (n = 32) calcified renal papillae were found only in 1 case.
      5 out of 20 patients on maintenance dialysis due to other diseases than AN showed
      renal calcifications forming an approximate garland arrangement. In these
      patients sonography may therefore indicate AN only in very characteristic cases.
      We believe that renal papillary calcifications surrounding the central sinus in a
      garland pattern may indicate AN in most cases and thus may be helpful in
      establishing the diagnosis of AN.

PMID- 3883210
TI  - Beta-2-microglobulin in the assessment of renal function of the transplanted
      kidney.
AB  - Plasma and urine beta-2-microglobulin (B2m) were measured in 37 renal transplant
      recipients and 34 healthy subjects. Serum B2m was found to be a more sensitive
      index of renal function than serum creatinine. Renal transplant recipients had
      significantly higher urine B2m when compared with normal controls. Normal
      subjects had a higher serum to urine B2m ratio (SUR) while those with renal
      impairment had a lower SUR. Serum B2m used alone or together with urine B2m and
      SUR appears a useful index for assessment of renal allograft function as well as
      detection of potential renal damage.

PMID- 3883211
TI  - Effects of sulfinpyrazone on renal function and prostaglandin formation in man.
AB  - Sulfinpyrazone (800 mg/day for 6 days) significantly reduced the excretion of the
      main urinary prostaglandin E metabolite by 54% in 6 healthy female volunteers.
      While sulfinpyrazone did not affect inulin clearance, clearances of creatinine
      and PAH were significantly diminished by 18.0 and 44.7%, respectively. In the
      anaesthetized dog sulfinpyrazone decreased PAH clearance and PAH extraction
      concomitantly without affecting renal blood flow. These results show that
      clearances of creatinine and PAH do not reliably reflect glomerular filtration
      and renal perfusion, respectively, during sulfinpyrazone administration. Whereas
      sodium balance and body weight were not significantly different between the first
      control period and sulfinpyrazone administration, net sodium excretion
      significantly increased from 121.6 +/- 5.4 mEq/day during sulfinpyrazone
      treatment to 139.3 +/- 6.6 mEq/day during the following control period, while
      body weight significantly decreased indicating modest sodium retention during
      drug administration. Plasma renin activity, vascular sensitivity to angiotensin
      II, and urinary excretion of the enzymes N-acetylglucosaminidase and
      alanineaminopeptidase were not affected by sulfinpyrazone administration. In
      summary, sulfinpyrazone caused a decrease of total body prostaglandin E formation
      in healthy female volunteers together with a moderate sodium retention. Despite
      inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, glomerular filtration rate, plasma renin
      activity, or pressor effects of angiotensin II were not altered.

PMID- 3883212
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization and radioimmunoassay of corticotropin-releasing
      factor in the forebrain and hypophysis of the frog Rana ridibunda.
AB  - The distribution of immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRF) in the
      forebrain and pituitary of the frog Rana ridibunda was studied by means of
      specific radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry using the indirect
      immunofluorescence and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase techniques. Relatively high
      concentrations of CRF-like material were found in both chiasmatic and
      infundibular regions of the hypothalamus (352 +/- 11 and 422 +/- 36 pg,
      respectively). Large amounts of CRF were also found in neurointermediate lobe
      extracts. Standard curves of synthetic CRF and the dilution curves for
      hypothalamic or neurointermediate lobe extracts were parallel. After Sephadex G
      75 gel filtration, CRF-like immunoreactivity eluted in a single peak, in the same
      position as synthetic ovine CRF. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography of the material purified on Sephadex G-75 revealed 5 components
      with CRF-like immunoreactivity. The major peak had a retention time of 22 min as
      compared to 25.4 min for ovine CRF and 36 min for rat CRF. The detection of CRF
      like immunoreactivity in neurons was facilitated by colchicine pretreatment of
      the frogs. The great majority of the CRF-positive perikarya were seen in the
      ventral region of the preoptic nucleus. A few scattered perikarya were also
      observed in the dorsal preoptic nucleus and in the retrochiasmatic region.
      Immunoreactive fibers were found in the infundibular nucleus and in various
      extrahypothalamic zones. CRF-containing neurons were apparently distinct from
      mesotocinergic and vasotocinergic neurons. A large number of immunoreactive nerve
      fibers were observed in the median eminence in close contact with the capillaries
      of the pituitary portal plexus and in the neural lobe. A few CRF-positive fibers
      were detected in the intermediate lobe, whereas the distal lobe was totally
      negative. These results show that the diencephalon and pars intermedia-nervosa of
      the frog contain a peptide immunologically related to mammalian CRF.

PMID- 3883213
TI  - Effects of progesterone on the pituitary responsiveness to, and priming effect of
      luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in female rats exposed to constant light.
AB  - We have investigated the role of progesterone in the mating-induced release of
      luteinizing hormone (LH) and ovulation in female rats exposed to a 60-day period
      of constant light (LL). Plasma LH and progesterone concentrations were increased
      after mating; plasma estradiol concentrations, although not increased after
      mating, were increased compared with the concentrations in female rats on light
      dark (LD) exposure during diestrus, proestrus evening and estrus. Progesterone
      induced ovulation in about half the number of female rats exposed to long-term
      LL, and in these animals, there was a significant increase in pituitary
      responsiveness to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) 5 h after
      progesterone injection. The magnitude of the priming effect of LHRH was markedly
      increased 2 h after progesterone treatment. Treatment with sodium pentobarbitone
      (SP) 15 min before an injection of progesterone, blocked the increase in
      pituitary responsiveness to LHRH 5 h later, but treatment with SP 4 h before
      progesterone injection did not block the increase in the magnitude of the priming
      effect of LHRH. These results suggest that progesterone acts both at the brain
      and pituitary to facilitate LH release, and that the increase in plasma
      progesterone produced by mating is at least partly responsible for the LH surge
      induced by mating in LL rats.

PMID- 3883214
TI  - The enzymology and intracellular organization of peptide precursor processing:
      the secretory vesicle hypothesis.
AB  - The 'secretory vesicle hypothesis of precursor processing' states that the
      initial endopeptidase cleavages which excise the nascent, biologically active
      peptides from their protein precursors occur primarily in secretory vesicles (or
      granules). Hence, all the processing steps subsequent to these cleavages must
      also occur within these organelles. Two types of evidence are presented in
      support of this view: (1) cell biological studies which implicate the secretory
      vesicle as the site of precursor conversion to peptides, and (2) enzymological
      studies which locate and characterize putative processing enzymes in secretory
      vesicles. The processing enzymes reviewed include the 'prohormone-converting
      enzymes' which cleave at pairs of basic amino acids, other endopeptidases,
      carboxypeptidase-B-like enzymes and aminopeptidase, and N-acetylation and alpha
      amidation enzymes. The properties of these enzymes in relation to the nature of
      the processing micro-environment in the secretory vesicles is discussed.

PMID- 3883215
TI  - Antiserum to LH-RH blocks haloperidol-induced hyperprolactinemia in female rats.
AB  - We investigated the effect of blocking endogenous LH-RH, by injection of anti-LH
      RH sera, on serum prolactin levels previously elevated by treatment with
      haloperidol for 5 days. An acute intravenous injection of rabbit anti-LH-RH serum
      significantly reduced serum LH levels and blocked the hyperprolactinemia induced
      by haloperidol. In another group of rats, sheep anti-LH-RH serum induced a
      significant decrease of serum LH and also lowered serum prolactin levels
      previously elevated by haloperidol. In ovariectomized rats, sheep anti-LH-RH
      serum markedly reduced serum LH levels and also decreased serum prolactin
      elevated by the pretreatment with haloperidol. It is concluded that the blocking
      of endogenous LH-RH action results in a decreased release of prolactin in
      response to stimuli like haloperidol. These results support the possible
      existence of a paracrine interaction between the pituitary gonadotrophs and
      lactotrophs.

PMID- 3883216
TI  - Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system diagnosed by computed tomographic
      scan-directed needle biopsy with a frozen section immunoperoxidase technique.
AB  - Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system is an uncommon neoplasm that
      requires definitive diagnosis because it is potentially treatable. We report a
      case in which the diagnosis of lymphoma was unsuspected and was made by needle
      biopsy with computed tomographic scan direction. A frozen section
      immunoperoxidase technique demonstrated monoclonality. When combined with a
      compatible morphological appearance, this confirmed the diagnosis of lymphoma.
      This case demonstrates the importance of this immunochemical method in the rapid
      diagnosis of central nervous system lymphomas.

PMID- 3883217
TI  - Revascularization and aneurysm surgery: current status.
AB  - Unclippable intracranial aneurysms are most effectively treated by hunterian
      ligation; however, the attendant risk of cerebral ischemia is significant. Many
      techniques have been used in an attempt to predict the safety of proximal vessel
      occlusion. Unfortunately, there is none that is risk-free and highly successful.
      A combination of stump pressure and cerebral blood flow measurements has been
      shown to be the most accurate in the acute assessment. In addition, recent
      studies have demonstrated that the long term risk of carotid ligation is
      significant. Extracranial-intracranial bypass grafting (EC-IC) has been shown to
      improve the safety of parent vessel ligation and is a low risk procedure.
      Whenever hunterian ligation is planned for the treatment of an intracranial
      aneurysm, EC-IC should be strongly considered.

PMID- 3883218
TI  - Terminal myelocystocele.
AB  - Terminal myelocystoceles constitute approximately 5% of skin-covered lumbosacral
      masses and are especially common in patients with cloacal exstrophy.
      Pathologically, terminal myelocystocele consists of (a) a skin-covered
      lumbosacral spina bifida (b) an arachnoid-lined meningocele that is directly
      continuous with the spinal subarachnoid space; and (c) a low-lying, hydromyelic
      spinal cord that traverses the meningocele and then expands into a large terminal
      cyst. The terminal cyst bulges into the extraarachnoid compartment caudal to the
      meningocele and forms a distal sac that does not communicate with the
      subarachnoid space. The terminal cyst is lined by ependyma and dysplastic glia,
      is directly continuous with the dilated central canal of the cord, and probably
      represents a ballooned terminal ventricle. Patients with terminal myelocystocele
      have normal intellectual potential and are usually born without neurological
      deficit, so these defects must be identified and repaired early, before the onset
      or progression of lower extremity pareses.

PMID- 3883219
TI  - Fibrous mass complicating epidural morphine infusion.
AB  - The benefits of continuous epidural morphine infusion using an implanted pump
      delivery system to control intractable cancer pain have recently been described.
      Most articles on this subject relate to dosage, technique, degree of pain relief,
      and tolerance. There are some anticipated complications of the treatment related
      to the surgical implantation of the system and drug toxicity. We present a
      complication presumably related to the epidural catheter. A fibrous reaction that
      developed around the catheter tip progressed into a mass. This caused a
      significant displacement of the spinal cord with the development of long tract
      symptoms. Identification of this abnormality using myelography and computed
      tomography led to prompt surgical decompression resulting in improvement of the
      patient's condition.

PMID- 3883220
TI  - Giant cell granuloma of the orbit with intracranial extension.
AB  - An 8-year-old boy presented with acute proptosis of the right eye. Examination
      revealed 8 mm of exophthalmos, limitation of upward gaze, optic disc swelling,
      and normal visual acuity, but an inferonasal quadrantic visual field defect.
      Orbital ultrasound and computed tomographic scanning demonstrated a
      superotemporal tumor of the right orbit with intracranial extension. At
      operation, this proved to be a "reparative" giant cell granuloma. After partial
      resection, the remaining mass resolved spontaneously without further specific
      treatment. There had been no recurrence at the 1-year follow-up examination.

PMID- 3883221
TI  - External stereotactic irradiation by linear accelerator.
AB  - Stereotactic radiotherapy has two advantages: (a) the possibility of giving high
      radiation doses to small but spatially well-defined target volumes and (b) the
      presence of a stepped dose gradient between the target volume and the surrounding
      healthy tissues. To utilize these advantages, the authors built a new
      stereotactic head frame by which the intracranial target is fixed to the
      rotational isocenter of a 4-MV linear accelerator. The collimator openings are
      selected according to the volume and the three-dimensional configuration of the
      target, and the radiation dose is based on the radiosensitivity of the lesion.
      After the patient is fixed to the frame, the radiation source and the patient are
      rotated so that the target is irradiated through infinite portals distributed
      over the convexity of the skull. It is thereby possible to obtain very high
      radiation doses centered into the target with a stepped dose gradient. The
      preliminary radiodosimetric tests and the operative technique are described. The
      advantages of this technique compared to interstitial radiotherapy and Leksell's
      radiosurgery are emphasized. This noninvasive procedure has been used to treat a
      series of intracranial tumors.

PMID- 3883222
TI  - Arterial wall changes in early human vasospasm.
AB  - Histological, histochemical, and histoimmunological studies were conducted on
      cerebral arteries from three living patients with a recent subarachnoid
      hemorrhage. There seemed to be a correlation between the severity of vasospasm
      and the magnitude of pathological alterations. Myofibroblasts and Type V collagen
      within the medial layer were abundant in vessels showing marked constriction, but
      were less conspicuous in those arteries showing milder involvement. Intracranial
      arteries from patients who died from noncerebral causes did not demonstrate these
      changes. Thus, myofibroblasts and Type V collagen may be related to cerebral
      vasospasm by holding the damaged vessel in a contracted phase for weeks during
      the healing period.

PMID- 3883223
TI  - Tentorial cavernous angioma with calcification in a neonate.
AB  - A cavernous angioma of the tentorium cerebelli, first disclosed by perinatal
      serial ultrasonographic studies, was extirpated totally without remarkable
      neurological deficit in a neonate. The tumor was accompanied by a calcified
      expansive hematoma in the posterior fossa. To our knowledge, this is the first
      case not only of cavernous angioma treated surgically and verified histologically
      in a neonate, but also of a calcified hematoma revealed on a conventional skull x
      ray film at birth. This case suggests the possibility of hemorrhage from
      intracranial cavernous angioma early in life, even prenatally, and emphasizes the
      necessity for early diagnosis and early treatment of intracranial cavernous
      angiomas.

PMID- 3883224
TI  - Hemorrhagic complications after the lumbar injection of chymopapain.
AB  - There are few reports of hemorrhagic central nervous system complications after
      chymopapain injection in humans. Two patients are reported who developed
      hemorrhagic complications after the lumbar injection of chymopapain. The first
      developed a hemorrhagic encephalomyelopathy followed by clinically suspected
      acute arachnoiditis, which responded to high doses of dexamethasone. The second
      patient developed subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to vertebral artery aneurysm
      rupture after the injection of chymopapain.

PMID- 3883225
TI  - Stereotactic removal of a migrating ventricular catheter.
AB  - Retained ventricular catheters are usually well tolerated but, when infection is
      present, their removal becomes imperative because such catheters serve as a nidus
      for persistent infection. Minimally invasive methods for the removal of retained
      catheters are desirable. The removal of an infected, retained, subcortical
      ventricular catheter using stereotactic techniques is described. The authors
      think that this method is a safe and effective first step in dealing with this
      difficult problem.

PMID- 3883226
TI  - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in Kenya.

PMID- 3883227
TI  - Intra-arterial DSA: early experience with a 1024(2) matrix.
AB  - Twenty patients were studied with intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography
      (IA DSA), utilizing a 1024(2) matrix memory. Acquisition of the images was
      through a prototype television camera incorporating a finely focused electron
      beam. In five cases, comparison between a 512 X 512 (512(2)) matrix acquisition
      and a 1024 X 1024 (1024(2)) matrix acquisition mode was made, with injections
      occurring in the same vessel in the same patient. The clinical material
      demonstrated no significant improvement in image quality at the 4 1/2 as well as
      the 6 inch image intensifier (II) modes. However, the 1024(2) matrix combined
      with the 9 inch II mode showed foci of disease and normal anatomy with detail not
      always seen on the 9 inch II when a 512(2) matrix was used. In no case, however,
      was the basic diagnosis missed with the 512(2) matrix. Spatial resolution, as
      measured from lead bar test pattern images, demonstrated that the 1024(2) matrix
      allows a 70% or greater improvement in spatial resolution over the 512(2) for the
      4 1/2, 6 and 9 inch II modes. For a given mode the radiation dose was held
      constant for the two matrix sizes.

PMID- 3883228
TI  - A developmentally modified neurone-specific marker in rodent cerebellum.
AB  - Out of several monoclonal antibodies secreted by hybridomas resulting from the
      fusion of a mouse myeloma cell line with spleen cells from mice immunized with
      cerebellar membranes from 12 day old rats, one, called 11.9, produced an unusual
      immunolabelling pattern when tested on sections of rat cerebellum. The cerebellar
      distribution of the antigenic sites recognized by this antibody using an
      immunoperoxidase technique at the optical and ultrastructural levels is described
      in detail in this report. The immunoreaction product was found in the adult rat
      to be associated with the microtubules and the zone immediately beneath the
      plasma membrane of parallel fibres. In young animals the density of
      immunostaining appears to be higher than in the adult, and the staining is
      detectable in addition in the perikaryal cytoplasm of granule cells. Biochemical
      studies using the Western immunoblot technique demonstrate that the antigens
      consist of two polypeptides of molecular weights 120 and 185 kD. The possible
      relation of the antigens to cytoskeletal structures is discussed and the
      labelling pattern is compared with that produced by other known monoclonal
      antibodies.

PMID- 3883229
TI  - Distribution of serotonin in the brain stem and spinal cord of the lizard Varanus
      exanthematicus: an immunohistochemical study.
AB  - The distribution of serotonin-containing nerve cell bodies, fibers and terminals
      in the lizard Varanus exanthematicus was studied with the indirect
      immunofluorescence technique, using antibodies to serotonin. Most of the
      serotonin-containing cell bodies were found in the midline, in both of the raphe
      nuclei, i.e. the nuclei raphes superior and inferior. A considerable number of
      more laterally shifted serotonergic neurons was found particularly at three
      levels of the brain stem, viz. in the caudal mesencephalic tegmentum, at the
      isthmic level, and over a long distance in the medulla oblongata. These laterally
      situated serotonin-positive neurons were partly found within the confines of the
      substantia nigra, the nucleus reticularis superior and the lateral part of the
      nucleus reticularis medius and ventrolateral part of the nucleus reticularis
      inferior, respectively. No serotonergic cell bodies were found in the spinal
      cord. In the brain stem a dense serotonergic innervation was observed in all of
      the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves, in two layers of the tectum mesencephali,
      in the nucleus interpeduncularis pars ventralis, the nucleus profundus
      mesencephali pars rostralis, the periventricular grey, the nucleus
      parabrachialis, the vestibular nuclear complex, the nucleus descendens nervi
      trigemini, the nucleus raphes inferior, and parts of the nucleus tractus
      solitarii. Descending serotonergic pathways could be traced into the spinal cord
      via the dorsolateral, ventral and ventromedial funiculi, and were found to
      innervate mainly three parts of the spinal grey throughout the spinal cord, i.e.
      the dorsal part of the dorsal horn, the motoneuron area in the ventral horn, and
      the intermediate zone just lateral to the central canal. The results obtained in
      the present study suggest a close resemblance of the organization of the
      serotonergic system in reptiles and mammals, especially as to the serotonergic
      innervation of the spinal cord.

PMID- 3883230
TI  - Localization of vasoactive intestinal peptide immunoreactivity in human foetus
      and newborn infant spinal cord.
AB  - Using an indirect immunofluorescence method the distribution of vasoactive
      intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactivity was studied in human foetus and newborn
      infant spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. Further, for comparison some newborn
      infant brains were also investigated. Vasoactive intestinal peptide-like
      immunoreactive fibres were exclusively found in the caudal spinal cord and
      corresponding dorsal root ganglia. No immunoreactive cell bodies were detected.
      The first appearance of VIP-like immunoreactive fibres in both spinal cord and
      dorsal root ganglia was suggested during the fourth month of foetal life. Most
      immunolabelled fibres, concentrated in the sacral segment, were distributed in
      the Lissauer tract, along the dorsolateral gray border, in the intermediolateral
      areas and near the central canal in the dorsolateral commissure. A few VIP-like
      immunoreactive fibres were also seen in the dorsal funiculus and occasionally in
      the ventral gray horn and ventral roots. Further, a large population of VIP-like
      immunoreactive fibres occurs longitudinally in dorsal root, in ganglia and in the
      spinal nerve exit zone. These findings indicate the early appearance of VIP-like
      immunoreactive fibres in the human foetus spinal cord and corresponding ganglia.
      Moreover, they emphasize that in both foetus and newborn infant spinal cord VIP
      like immunoreactive fibre distribution is limited to the lumbosacral segment.

PMID- 3883231
TI  - Demonstration of serotoninergic axons terminating on luteinizing hormone
      releasing hormone neurons in the preoptic area of the rat using a combination of
      immunocytochemistry and high resolution autoradiography.
AB  - The synaptic relationship between serotoninergic terminals and luteinizing
      hormone-releasing hormone-containing neurons was investigated in the medial
      preoptic area using a combined technique. Axon terminals selectively taking up 5
      [3H]hydroxytryptamine were labelled autoradiographically and luteinizing hormone
      releasing hormone-containing neuronal elements were identified by means of
      immunocytochemistry. Synaptic contacts were observed between tritiated 5
      hydroxytryptamine-labelled boutons and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
      immunoreactive dendrites. About 5% of the boutons which formed synapses with
      luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-immunoreactive dendrites were found to be
      labelled by the tritiated indolamine. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
      immunoreactive axon terminals occurred as presynaptic elements in contact with
      unidentified dendritic spines, shafts or perikarya. These observations provide
      morphological basis for the idea that 5-hydroxytryptamine-containing neurons can
      act directly on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release. Further, they
      support the assumption that luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone is not only a
      neurohormone but may also function as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator.

PMID- 3883232
TI  - Double-blind trial of pergolide for Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Pergolide mesylate, a dopamine agonist, was studied as adjunctive therapy in a 6
      month double-blind trial in 20 patients with Parkinson's disease who were
      achieving less than optimal response from Sinemet. As pergolide or placebo was
      administered in increasing dosage, Sinemet was reduced if side effects developed.
      Both the pergolide and placebo groups improved significantly (p less than 0.05).
      The pergolide group improved 30% at the end of 24 weeks, and the placebo group
      23%. There was no significant difference between drug and placebo groups,
      possibly due to a fortuitous support group and the side effects that may have
      burdened the pergolide group. Nevertheless, pergolide had a definite
      antiparkinsonian effect.

PMID- 3883234
TI  - An assessment of plasma exchange in progressive multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3883233
TI  - Neurologic complications of bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - Among 78 patients who died after bone marrow transplantation, neurologic
      complications were present in 55 (70%) and were the cause of death in 5 (6%).
      Metabolic encephalopathy occurred in 29 patients (37%). CNS infections included
      aspergillosis (3), herpes simplex encephalitis (2), and Listeria monocytogenes
      meningitis (1). Six additional patients had neuropathologic changes possibly due
      to cytomegalovirus infection. Cerebrovascular complications occurred in five
      patients (two hemorrhages and three infarcts). All infarcts were associated with
      endocarditis. The rate of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis was significantly
      higher (p less than 0.001) than in the general autopsy population. CNS leukemia
      and therapy-induced injury were rare. There was no evidence of graft-versus-host
      disease involving the CNS.

PMID- 3883235
TI  - Short- and long-term treatment of Tourette's syndrome with clonidine: a clinical
      perspective.
AB  - Thirteen patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome were treated with
      clonidine (0.125 to 0.3 mg/d) for at least 60 weeks. In a single-blind, placebo
      controlled trial, 6 of the 13 patients were judged to be unequivocal responders
      to clonidine, and 6 other patients had an equivocal response. There was
      significant improvement in motor and phonic tics, as well as in associated
      behavior problems, and there were no serious side effects. Tolerance to clonidine
      did not develop. Further placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind studies of
      clonidine in Tourette's syndrome are needed to establish the drug's efficacy.

PMID- 3883236
TI  - The beginning of it all.

PMID- 3883237
TI  - Theodor Meynert: foreshadowing modern concepts of neuropsychiatric
      pathophysiology.
AB  - Theodor Meynert's neuroanatomic studies contributed to the development of the
      nineteenth-century "brain psychiatry" movement. His speculations--that certain
      cognitive impairments resulted from an imbalance in blood flow between cortical
      and subcortical structures--parallel modern controversies concerning the role of
      these brain regions in the pathophysiology of dementia. Meynert described a
      subcortical nucleus in the basal forebrain, the nucleus basalis of Meynert, which
      has recently been shown to provide cholinergic innervation to the cortex. Loss of
      cells in this structure in Alzheimer's disease, a so-called "cortical" dementia,
      and in the dementia of Parkinson's disease, a so-called "subcortical" dementia,
      probably accounts for the loss of cortical cholinergic markers in these diseases.
      An understanding of Meynert's contributions may avoid unproductive speculation in
      attempts to study the interactions between cortical and subcortical structures in
      neuropsychiatric diseases.

PMID- 3883238
TI  - Sir James Paget and the carpal tunnel syndrome.

PMID- 3883239
TI  - [Antimicrobial therapy].
AB  - The Authors expose the bases of a rational antibiotic therapy according to their
      experience. They underline the risk of using antibiotics in situations in which
      they are not strictly necessary. They point out the importance of the dosage, the
      route of administration, the frequency of doses, the length of treatment and the
      control of seric drug levels of aminoglycosides, in case of creatinine clearance
      under 50 ml/min. They shortly review the different antibiotic combination.

PMID- 3883240
TI  - [Prolactin in chronic alcoholic liver diseases with and without gynecomastia].
AB  - The Authors, after having examined the factors responsible for the
      hyperprolactinemia in the cirrhotic, confirm the lack of a relationship between
      the increase in the prolactinic reserve and gynecomastia and between the amount
      of the prolactinic reserve and the degree of liver disorder. While hyperestrinism
      and the false transmitters lost most of their pathogenetic importance, other
      factors such as GABA, the Serotonin and the VIP, offered a new pathogenetic
      prospective. The prolactin reserve was studied in 63 patients affected by
      cirrhosis and in 25 affected by fibrosis and hepatic fibrosteatosis, pointing out
      an increase in the prolactin reserve in 61% of cirrhotic patients and an absence
      of pathological reports in patients affected by fibrotic hepatopathies. These
      data confirm the low pathogenetic responsability to be strictly ascribed to
      ethanol and the preminent role of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension in the
      prolactin turnover.

PMID- 3883241
TI  - [Value of modern diagnostic technics in rupture of the spleen].
AB  - Personal experience is reported of the latest instrumental techniques used to
      diagnose ruptures of the spleen following a closed abdominal trauma. Particular
      interest was taken in patients with unclear clinical symptoms who were given a
      series of surgical and/or non-surgical tests in order to diagnose ruptured spleen
      in the asymptomatic phase. Tests analysed included: peritoneal injection-douche,
      laparoscopy, angiography, scintiphotography, echography and CAT scanning.

PMID- 3883242
TI  - [Treatment of hypertension in the diabetic with captopril].
AB  - The apparently excellent pharmacological properties of Captopril as treatment for
      insulin-dependent and other hypertensive diabetics of all ages were investigated
      at a Diabetes Centre. Fifteen out-patients receiving oral hypoglycaemic drugs or
      insulin and suffering from slight or moderate hypertension (diastolic AP: 95-115
      mmHg) were selected for treatment. The Captopril was administered in daily doses
      of 50 or 100 mg for 60 days. Tests on the 30th and 60th days revealed a
      statistically significant reduction in max/min OAP values, but no statistically
      significant variations in either cardiac frequency or glycaemia before and after
      meals. Nor did the main haematochemical parameters show any significant
      alteration.

PMID- 3883243
TI  - [Evaluation of vesico-ureteral reflux in children with computerized isotopic
      cystography in association with urodynamic tests].
AB  - Method and results are presented for the cystoscintigraphic detection with 99mTc
      DTPA, associated with urodynamic examination for the evaluation of the
      vesicoureteral reflux, involving a relatively simple execution. The use of this
      method is advised in Pediatrics because of its low gonadal dose, thorough
      examination and least aggressiveness.

PMID- 3883244
TI  - [Difficult diagnosis of cholelithiasis: advantages and disadvantages of
      laparoscopic cholangiography and ERCP. Our own experience].
AB  - On the basis of personal experience (104 LTC and 88 ERCP), the value of direct
      cholangiography in the diagnosis of biliary lithiasis especially in the event of
      failure of traditional radiology and in the presence of icterus is confirmed. LTC
      in 37 patients and ERCP in 18 revealed calculosis of the bile ways, thus
      correcting a falsely negative echography and i.v. cholangiography to the extent
      of 70% and 25% respectively. Stress is laid on the importance of direct
      cholangiography because it is able to establish the site of the stones and, above
      all, the pathology associated with calculosis, involving not only the bile ways,
      but the papilla, pancreas and liver too.

PMID- 3883245
TI  - [Primary malignant tumors of the spleen].
AB  - A case of angiosarcoma of the spleen is examined. In a review of reports in the
      literature of primary malignant tumours of the spleen, the extreme variety of
      this neoplasia and the lack of any precise classification are underlined.

PMID- 3883247
TI  - Creating relevant computer-assisted instruction.

PMID- 3883246
TI  - Bombesin-like immunoreactivity in female rat genito-urinary tract.
AB  - The quantitative distribution and localization of bombesin-like immunoreactivity
      (BLI), by antiserum which cross-reacted fully with gastrin-releasing peptide
      (GRP), was determined by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry in various
      regions of female rat urogenital tract. The highest concentration of BLI was
      found in the vagina, with lower but significant concentrations in the uterus and
      bladder. Bombesin-like immunoreactive nerve fibres were localized by
      immunocytochemistry in the smooth muscle layer, around blood vessels and in the
      submucosa of the vagina and bladder. BLI was separable into two immunoreactive
      peaks on both gel permeation chromatography and reverse phase HPLC. The major
      peak emerged exactly in the position of neuromedin C (C-terminal decapeptide of
      GRP) in both chromatographic systems, while the remaining immunoreactivity
      emerged close to the position of porcine GRP on gel permeation chromatography,
      but was easily distinguishable from this on HPLC. This suggests a significant
      species difference between rat and porcine GRP. Amphibian bombesin and mammalian
      neuromedin C have previously been shown to have potent biological actions in the
      rat urogenital tract. The presence of mammalian bombesin-like peptides in nerve
      fibres of the urogenital tract suggests that they may have a regulatory role in
      these organs.

PMID- 3883248
TI  - Software directory update.

PMID- 3883249
TI  - New drugs: to use or not to use.

PMID- 3883250
TI  - Action stat! Catheter embolus!

PMID- 3883251
TI  - The need for routine sonography prior to late abortion.

PMID- 3883252
TI  - The wounds of war. With particular reference to 1861-1865.

PMID- 3883253
TI  - The physician and war. A layman's view.

PMID- 3883255
TI  - Stress: meditation vs. the rat race.

PMID- 3883254
TI  - Fenoterol administered as an inhaled powder. A comparison with salbutamol powder.

PMID- 3883257
TI  - Fetal supraventricular tachycardia. Review of the literature.

PMID- 3883256
TI  - Obstetric risks in obesity. An analysis of the literature.
AB  - In order to evaluate the obstetric risks in obesity a partly computerized
      literature search was performed. Irrespective of language, papers published
      between 1960 and 1982 were included, provided that they were original and
      controlled studies on obstetric complications among women with a stated degree of
      overweight. Out of 143 publications 26 fulfilled the criteria and were included.
      They revealed information on 10,440 cases. Most reported subjects were only
      moderately obese. Thirty-seven complications were stated in one or more
      publications as being significantly more prevalent among obese women compared
      with lean controls. However, as data were often scarce or highly conflicting, it
      is concluded that an increased risk is only sufficiently documented with regard
      to a minority of these complications. They are: preeclampsia as well as each
      separate element of this disorder, diabetes mellitus, varicose veins, and the
      need for caesarean section. The significantly increased birth weight of the
      infants did not induce increase of labor complications.

PMID- 3883258
TI  - The issue of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: an evaluation of
      the criteria of diagnosis and methods of therapy.
AB  - Current literature on definition, metastatic potential, and treatment of
      microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva is reviewed. There is marked
      disparity among the various reports about the features of this lesion that are
      most crucial in predicting the propensity to recur or metastasize. Nonuniformity
      of the techniques for measuring stromal invasion is noted among many of them as
      well. The issue of conservative versus more aggressive surgical treatment of
      microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva is discussed within the
      context of the reviewed data. One should exercise prudence in determining which
      affected patients are appropriate candidates for conservative surgical therapy.

PMID- 3883259
TI  - Ultrasound assessment of the postmature pregnancy.
AB  - The use of ultrasound to identify the fetus at risk for postmaturity among
      postterm pregnancies was evaluated. The ultrasound findings in 85 postterm
      pregnancies were reviewed. No grade 0 or grade 1 placentas were observed and
      grade 2 and 3 placentas were found with similar frequency. The incidence of
      advanced postmaturity was 12.9%. Advanced postmaturity was found with grade 2 and
      3 placentas. Oligohydramnios was very common (81.8%) among pregnancies resulting
      in postmaturity. The neonatal ponderal index was higher with grade 2 placentas
      than with grade 3 placentas. The presence of immature placentas (grade 0 or 1) is
      rare after 42 weeks of gestation. Placental grading cannot be used to predict
      postmaturity.

PMID- 3883260
TI  - A hypothetical model suggesting suboptimal intrauterine growth in infants
      delivered preterm.
AB  - Infants delivered preterm often reflect accelerated maturation. The present study
      examines the occurrence of suboptimal intrauterine growth in infants delivered
      preterm by comparing their birth weights to the weights sonographically predicted
      for in utero fetuses at similar gestational ages but who ultimately deliver at
      term. Two weight-predicting formulas based on different sonographic parameters
      were used. In the fifth, tenth, and 50th percentiles of birth weight, the
      predicted weights were persistently and significantly greater than the actual
      birth weights between 24 and 31 weeks' gestation. The results of this model
      support the concept that the growth of infants delivered prematurely has been
      suboptimal. The authors hypothesize that preterm delivery may be in some
      instances another manifestation of the same underlying stress that hastens
      pulmonary and neurologic maturity.

PMID- 3883261
TI  - Estimation of fetal weight during labor.
AB  - Fetal weight was estimated clinically and by two ultrasonographic methods in 62
      patients in labor at term. Maternal obesity precluded clinical estimation of
      fetal weight in eight patients (12.9%) and a combination of maternal obesity,
      anterior placentation, and oligohydramnios prevented ultrasonographic fetal
      measurement in four patients (6.5%). In 43 patients, in whom all three methods of
      estimate were obtainable, a regression equation using ultrasonically measured
      fetal abdominal circumference provided the greatest accuracy. However,
      significant interpatient variability affecting the accuracy of all three methods
      of estimating fetal weight may limit the clinical application of these
      measurement techniques.

PMID- 3883262
TI  - Amniotic fluid glucose values in normal and abnormal pregnancies.
AB  - Glucose values were determined in 102 urine samples of newborn infants and in
      2295 amniotic fluid (AF) samples of women between the 14th and 42nd week of
      pregnancy. One thousand, six hundred fifty-five of the AF samples derived from
      normal pregnancies, 50 from pregnancies with fetal malformations, 115 from cases
      of hydramnios, 246 from pregnant women with an abnormal oral glucose tolerance
      test, and 230 from insulin-dependent diabetics. Mean AF glucose concentration
      rises slightly between the 14th and 17th week of pregnancy, decreasing from 46 to
      about 16 mg% at the end of pregnancy. In cases of fetal malformations, 68% of the
      glucose levels was below the tenth percentile of normal values. Hydramnios showed
      no deviation from normal values. In patients with abnormal glucose tolerance, AF
      glucose increased by a total of 42% and by 67% in fetal hyperinsulinism. Insulin
      dependent diabetics had glucose values elevated by a total of 77% and by 106% in
      fetal hyperinsulinism. The AF glucose profile reflects the level of maternal
      blood glucose that is transported to the fetus and excreted in the fetal urine as
      a major source of glucose in AF.

PMID- 3883264
TI  - Metronidazole prophylaxis in elective first trimester abortion.
AB  - In a double-blind controlled trial, the efficacy of prophylactic metronidazole in
      elective first trimester abortions was assessed. Of 119 randomized women, 100
      followed the protocol. Fifty-one women received 400 mg metronidazole one hour
      before and again four and eight hours after abortion; 49 women received a
      placebo. In the placebo group 20.4% contracted postabortal genital infection
      compared with 3.9% in the metronidazole group (P less than .025). Of 25 women
      with a positive history of pelvic inflammatory disease, six contracted
      postabortal infection, which was a significantly increased frequency compared
      with women without previous episodes of pelvic inflammatory disease (P less than
      .05). The administration of prophylaxis, however, did not significantly influence
      the frequency. The number of hospital days was not significantly lower in the
      prophylaxis group (P greater than .05). The total amount of metronidazole
      prescribed in the study group was significantly larger than in the placebo group
      (P less than .05), whereas the amount of ampicillin/pivampicillin prescribed in
      the placebo group was significantly larger (P less than .05). The difference
      between the penicillin doses given in the treatment and placebo groups was not
      significant (P greater than .1).

PMID- 3883263
TI  - Metabolic disturbances during intravenous use of ritodrine: increased insulin
      levels and hypokalemia.
AB  - The role played by insulin and the adrenergic system in the development of
      hypokalemia due to intravenous ritodrine has been evaluated. Fifteen women
      presenting with premature labor (group 1) were treated with ritodrine infusion,
      whereas seven pregnant women not in labor (group 2) were given 100 g glucose per
      os to induce hyperinsulinemia without participation of ritodrine. Serum glucose,
      insulin, potassium, sodium, chloride, and calcium were measured hourly. Whereas
      insulin levels were higher in group 2, potassium decreased markedly and
      significantly only in group 1. It is concluded that ritodrine-induced
      hypokalemia, that results partially from hyperinsulinemia, is mostly determined
      by other factors and is possibly a consequence of direct beta-adrenoceptor
      stimulation. Significant hypocalcemia of unexplained origin was observed with
      ritodrine.

PMID- 3883265
TI  - Naproxen sodium in dysmenorrhea secondary to endometriosis.
AB  - Twenty patients with moderate to very severe painful menstrual periods secondary
      to endometriosis were treated in a double-blind, four-period, crossover clinical
      trial with naproxen sodium and placebo. Complete or substantial pain relief was
      obtained in 83% of the cases of painful menstruation with naproxen sodium and in
      41% with placebo (P = .008). Only 5% of the naproxen sodium-treated women needed
      supplemental analgesics compared with 36% of the placebo-treated women (P =
      .002). There was a trend towards diminished interference of dysmenorrhea with
      normal patient activities during naproxen sodium treatment compared with placebo
      (P = .069). No significant side effects occurred with either treatment. These
      results indicated that naproxen sodium is efficacious and safe for the treatment
      of menstrual distress in patients with endometriosis.

PMID- 3883266
TI  - Accurate diagnosis of early ectopic pregnancy.
AB  - Commonly used preoperative diagnostic procedures were analyzed for their ability
      to predict the presence of early ectopic pregnancy. Patients presenting to the
      emergency room with acute onset of pelvic pain were evaluated with culdocentesis,
      pelvic ultrasonography, and qualitative serum and urine pregnancy testing.
      Clinical examination and urine pregnancy testing were found to be poor predictors
      of either the presence or absence of an early ectopic pregnancy. The combination
      of a sensitive serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) determination and pelvic
      ultrasonography accurately predicted ectopic pregnancy in 93% of proved cases.
      This predicted accuracy was superior to that of culdocentesis alone or in
      combinations of culdocentesis and ultrasound or qualitative serum pregnancy
      testing.

PMID- 3883267
TI  - Diagnosis of preeclampsia.
AB  - For the purpose of clinical management, any woman with an acute rise in blood
      pressure in the latter half of pregnancy must be regarded as having preeclampsia
      with the possibility of progression to eclampsia. Unfortunately, such diagnoses
      have been accepted uncritically in the selection of cases for clinical and
      laboratory studies of preeclampsia, with inevitably erroneous and contradictory
      conclusions about the disorder. The diagnosis of mild preeclampsia may be correct
      in roughly one-half of cases, but others may be latent or frank essential
      hypertension or any of a variety of renal diseases. In selecting cases for
      research, the diagnostic errors can be greatly reduced by the exclusion of all
      multiparas and all primigravidas without abundant proteinuria. The primigravidas
      should have a reliable history of normality or follow-up studies proving it, be
      aged 25 or less, and have hyperuricemia. The selection of cases for the study of
      preeclampsia demands far more rigid criteria for diagnosis than does the
      diagnosis for clinical management.

PMID- 3883268
TI  - Sonographically monitored amniocentesis to decrease intraoperative complications.
AB  - The rates of intraoperative complications (dry and bloody taps) of two
      amniocentesis techniques were compared in 1300 patients undergoing second
      trimester procedures for genetic indications. The sonographically guided
      technique consisted of the selection of a site for needle insertion with
      ultrasound, removal of the transducer, and immediate amniocentesis. The
      sonographically monitored technique consisted of the continuous visualization of
      the needle during the entire procedure. Six hundred twelve amniocenteses were
      performed with the sonographically guided technique and 688 with the
      sonographically monitored technique. There was a statistically significant
      decrease in the incidence of bloody and dry taps of the first needle insertion
      (relative risk = 38%, P less than .0001) and also in the number of patients that
      required multiple needle insertions (relative risk = 42%, P less than .0001) with
      the sonographically monitored technique.

PMID- 3883269
TI  - Nonimmunologic fetal hydrops associated with hyperreactio luteinalis.
AB  - A case of nonimmunologic fetal hydrops associated with maternal bilateral theca
      lutein cysts (hyperreactio luteinalis) is presented. It is proposed that the
      theca lutein cysts were caused by elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
      production from the hydropic placenta. These cysts appeared to regress after the
      patient's delivery, while beta-hCG levels declined.

PMID- 3883270
TI  - Diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage in utero after a maternal seizure.
AB  - Reported is a patient who noted decreased fetal movements after a seizure at 32
      weeks' gestation. Sonography revealed fetal death and findings consistent with an
      intraventricular hemorrhage. The possible explanations for and the significance
      of an association between a maternal seizure and fetal intraventricular
      hemorrhage are discussed.

PMID- 3883271
TI  - Prenatal detection of intraamniotic bands: implications and management.
AB  - The prenatal diagnosis of intraamniotic bands with confirmation at delivery is
      presented, and the pertinent literature is reviewed. The significance of
      intrauterine membranes or bands detected during pregnancy is not known. Direct
      fetal involvement by these structures has been reported in only one instance, but
      malformations apparently unrelated to amniotic bands have been common among
      reported cases. Serial ultrasound examinations are recommended both to exclude
      pseudosac, extrachorionic hemorrhage, blighted twin, and other possible causes of
      membranous structures and to search for fetal abnormalities.

PMID- 3883272
TI  - Fetal neuroblastoma and catecholamine-induced maternal hypertension.
AB  - A case of congenital neuroblastoma is presented. The interesting features are
      maternal symptomatology consistent with fetal production of catecholamines and
      the dilemmas of differential diagnosis. Observations are made on the frequency
      and diagnosis of fetal neoplasia. Antepartum detection of catecholamine
      metabolites may be the basis for the diagnosis of fetal neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3883273
TI  - Splenosis: a complicating factor in total abdominal hysterectomy.
AB  - A case of pelvic splenosis is presented to discuss preoperative investigation and
      to describe surgical difficulties that may be encountered. Surgery should only be
      undertaken when warranted by troublesome symptoms. Removal of asymptomatic
      ectopic splenic tissue is contraindicated.

PMID- 3883275
TI  - Congenital atresia of the lower vagina with regular menses through a fistula: a
      therapeutic approach.
AB  - Presented is an unusual case of congenital atresia of the lower vagina with
      regular menses through a fistulous tract. Diagnostic ultrasound was very helpful
      in defining the problem and aiding in the determination of a therapeutic plan.
      Distention of the blind vaginal pouch with fluid greatly facilitated a surgical
      solution to the problem and has applicability to other forms of vaginal atresia.

PMID- 3883274
TI  - Malakoplakia of the female genital tract.
AB  - A rare case of malakoplakia of the uterine cervix and the pelvis occurring in an
      elderly woman who also had xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is described and
      compared with the 15 reported cases of malakoplakia of the female genital tract.

PMID- 3883276
TI  - Intraepithelial neoplasia of the neovagina.
AB  - Patients who require construction of a neovagina provide an opportunity for
      researchers to study some of the possible factors that cause vaginal neoplasia.
      Intraepithelial neoplastic changes occurring in the neovagina, remote from the
      graft margins, cannot be attributed to preexisting disease in the vaginal site.
      Such changes are unlikely to represent an expression of the oncogenic potential
      of the transplanted tissue. The most likely cause of these changes is the
      presence of a local carcinogenic environmental factor. Two cases are presented to
      demonstrate and support this thesis. The treatment prescribed, local excision in
      one case and application of topical 5-fluorouracil in the other case, resulted in
      disease-free intervals in excess of eight years for both patients.

PMID- 3883277
TI  - Management of corneal descemetoceles and perforations.

PMID- 3883278
TI  - Slipknots for trabeculectomy flap closure.

PMID- 3883279
TI  - Cytopathology of intraocular lens implantation.
AB  - The cytopathology of intraocular lens (IOL) following implantation is reviewed. A
      newly placed implant attracts macrophages and these settle on its surfaces to
      form optically clear membranes composed of so-called fibroblast-like cells and a
      film of proteinaceous material. The membranes apparently become tougher and more
      firmly adherent with time. The fibroblast-like cells have phagocytic abilities
      and may form fibrous structures on the surface of implants in complicated
      situations. Few multinucleated giant cells may be seen in successful cases, but
      great numbers of giant cells are indicators of adaptation problems. The giant
      cells on implants include foreign-body, Touton, and Langhans' types. Giant cells
      on lens implants are commonly associated with nongranulomatous inflammatory cell
      infiltration in the iris and ciliary body. Inflammatory reactions to IOLs appear
      to be related to the intolerance of the eye to the IOL foreign body. I present
      evidence that such inflammatory reactions are a limiting factor in the success of
      IOL implantation.

PMID- 3883280
TI  - Immunocytologic localization of herpes simplex type 1 viral antigens in herpetic
      retinitis and encephalitis in an adult.
AB  - An immunoperoxidase technique was utilized to identify herpes simplex type I
      viral antigens in the retina, optic nerve and brain of an adult with herpetic
      retinitis and encephalitis. Viral antigens were demonstrated in all layers of
      retina, retinal pigment epithelium and to a lesser extent, in choroid.
      Oligodendroglia in the right optic nerve and neuronal and glial cells in the grey
      and white matter of the left frontal, inferior parietal and temporal lobes of the
      brain also expressed herpes simplex antigens. The sensitive immunoperoxidase
      method allowed detection of viral antigens in many cells without intranuclear
      inclusions or surrounding inflammation, and thereby added valuable information
      regarding the anatomic and cellular localization of herpetic infection. The
      clinicopathologic features that characterize herpes simplex retinitis in the
      adult are compared to cytomegalovirus retinopathy.

PMID- 3883281
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of neuronal and astrocytic differentiation in
      retinoblastoma.
AB  - Sections of 51 surgically enucleated eyes from cases of retinoblastomas were
      examined immunohistochemically to delineate patterns of cellular differentiation.
      Employing the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique, antibodies were used
      against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 protein and neuron specific
      enolase (NSE). Areas of uninvolved retina and/or optic nerve were used as built
      in positive control. Most of the tumors showed GFAP and S-100 protein-positive
      perivascular glial cells that were interpreted as reactive astrocytes. In three
      well-differentiated retinoblastomas, glial cells were found to be interspersed
      randomly among tumor cells and not associated with blood vessels. These glial
      cells were interpreted as neoplastic based on their distribution pattern and
      cytologic features. In about half of the tumors, the retinoblastoma cells stained
      positively for NSE, indicating their neuronal tumor cells that stained positively
      for NSE but failed to show any evidence of photoreceptor differentiation. Based
      on these observations and similar differentiation patterns described in other
      primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the brain, it is suggested that
      retinoblastoma cells can differentiate not only into photoreceptor cells but also
      along other neuronal cell lines and rarely into glial cells.

PMID- 3883282
TI  - Digital subtraction carotid angiography and retinal arterial obstruction.
AB  - Thirty-one consecutive patients with retinal arterial obstruction were studied
      with digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Among the 29 patients in whom DSA was
      technically acceptable, 45% (13/29) demonstrated evidence of carotid stenosis or
      an atherosclerotic plaque ipsilateral to the eye with the retinal arterial
      obstruction. In 21% of cases (6/29 patients) the stenosis was 60% or greater. The
      incidences of carotid atherosclerosis were similar among the central and branch
      retinal arterial groups.

PMID- 3883283
TI  - Localization of hepatitis B surface antigen in the human parotid gland.
AB  - Localization of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antigen
      (HBcAg) in the human parotid gland and liver was studied by an
      immunohistochemical method in four cases with seropositive HBsAg. Neither HBsAg
      nor HBcAg could be detected in the parenchymal cells of the parotid gland in any
      of the cases. However, one of four cases, which had the highest titer of serum
      HBsAg, showed HBsAg immunoreactivity in the vascular wall and luminal fluid of
      the parotid gland. In liver, HBsAg was detected in three and HBcAg in two of the
      four cases, respectively. HBsAg was localized in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes,
      while HBcAg was localized mainly in their nuclei. The detection of HBsAg in the
      parotid gland and liver was correlated with the serum titer of the antigen. The
      results indicate that the HB virus does not have an affinity for or a replicate
      in the parotid gland. Also, it is suggested that the HBsAg found in saliva is
      derived from HBsAg circulating through the oral mucosa by capillary leakage and
      not from secretion into the mouth by the salivary gland.

PMID- 3883284
TI  - An epoxy resin and silicone impregnation technique for the preservation of oral
      pathology teaching specimens.
AB  - A technique of plastination and its application to the preservation of oral
      pathology teaching specimens is presented. Advantages of the technique and the
      methodology are briefly outlined and summarized.

PMID- 3883285
TI  - A comparison of the sealing properties of different retrograde techniques: an
      autoradiographic study.
AB  - Single-rooted teeth were instrumented and filled in vitro with a lateral
      condensation of gutta-percha with sealer. Following obturation, the tooth apices
      were treated by various retrograde procedures. The teeth were then coated with
      ethyl acetate, immersed in 45Ca solution, washed, and sectioned, and
      autoradiographs were used to compare the leakage of the various techniques.
      Statistical analysis indicated that lateral condensation produced a significantly
      better seal than any retrograde technique tested except retrofilling with Super
      EBA cement and that a significantly worse seal was obtained with amalgam
      retrofill when compared to all retrograde techniques except cold-burnished gutta
      percha following apicoectomy. No significant difference existed between other
      group combinations.

PMID- 3883287
TI  - [20 years after the founding of the Labor Union].

PMID- 3883288
TI  - [The Budapest Medical Society. Origins of the organized protection of physicians'
      interests].

PMID- 3883286
TI  - [50th anniversary of the organization of the Department of Traumatology,
      Orthopedics and Military Field-Surgery of the M. Gor'kii Donetsk Medical
      Institute].

PMID- 3883289
TI  - [Materia medica in Hungary].

PMID- 3883290
TI  - [Veterans' affairs in Hungary after World War I (Gyula Dollinger, Bela
      Dollinger)].

PMID- 3883291
TI  - [Patient care during the War of Independence].

PMID- 3883292
TI  - [C. O. Carter (1917-1984].

PMID- 3883293
TI  - Do retinitis pigmentosa patients prefer red photochromic lenses?

PMID- 3883294
TI  - [Recurrent hemolytic-uremic syndrome with positive immunofluorescence].
AB  - The hemolytic uremic syndrome is a disease of infancy, its major clinical
      manifestations include reversible thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and renal
      failure. Although a great number of patients with HUS have been published,
      relapses as well as positive immunofluorescence studies are rare findings. In our
      patient the disease began at age of 7 years and recovered completely. At 10 1/2
      years a relapse occurred and despite therapy the patient died two months later.
      Renal biopsy showed severe arterial and glomerular changes with remarkable
      similarity to the histological findings in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura,
      which could be explained as secondary hypertensive damage, and dense granular
      deposition of fibrinogen, IgG, IgA, C3, and Clq along the capillary loops of the
      glomerulus and throughout the wall of the renal arteries. The clinical data,
      histological findings, and the particularities of our patient with this special
      course of HUS are discussed.

PMID- 3883295
TI  - [Carcinoembryonic antigen in intestinal lavage fluids and the tissue of
      colorectal tumors].
AB  - Determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was carried out in 48 intestinal
      washing fluids (21 from healthy subjects, 15 from patients with polyps and 12
      from patients with colorectal carcinoma). The histologic study of polyps and the
      histologic and immunohistochemical studies of tumors were realized. In the
      polyps's group, the mean of ACE is significantly higher than that of the
      volunteers's group, but 7 subjects have a CEA level below the mean and 8 subjects
      have a CEA level twice this mean. Furthermore, the CEA level seemed to be
      independent of histologic grade of polyps. The mean of CEA levels in the subjects
      with colorectal carcinoma is significantly higher than that of volunteers, but 4
      of 12 patients have a CEA level below the mean of healthy subjects. The CEA
      levels are very variable for an identical stage of tumor's differentiation and is
      independent of Dukes stage (B-C or D). CEA determination in intestinal washing
      fluids allows neither the detection nor the appreciation of intestinal
      carcinoma's extend.

PMID- 3883297
TI  - Selecting a developmental screening tool.

PMID- 3883296
TI  - Common bacterial causes of bloody diarrhea.

PMID- 3883299
TI  - Renal manifestations of Kawasaki's disease.
AB  - Renal sonographic evaluation of seven patients with mucocutaneous lymph node
      syndrome were performed and correlated with clinical and laboratory data either
      supporting or not supporting renal disease associated with this entity. Four of
      seven patients demonstrated significant elevations of the BUN, creatinine and/or
      significant proteinuria. These four patients had renal sonographic findings of
      increased cortical echogenicity, enlarged kidneys and enhanced corticomedullary
      differentiation. This complication of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome has
      heretofore not been noted.

PMID- 3883298
TI  - Juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis with pulmonary parenchymal spread. Case report
      and review of the literature.
AB  - A 6.5-year-old boy developed laryngeal papillomas at 20 months of age and
      pulmonary parenchymal spread at age 3.5 years, the lung lesions beginning as
      solid nodules which rapidly cavitated. The cavitary lesions have stabilized in
      size but no appreciable improvement has resulted from trials of bleomycin,
      methotrexate, or interferon. A review of 14 other cases indicates that the lung
      lesions may develop many years after the onset of laryngeal papillomatosis, and
      the lung lesions do not tend to regress spontaneously as uncomplicated juvenile
      laryngeal papillomas often do. Three of 15 patients developed carcinomas in their
      lung lesions without prior therapeutic irradiation.

PMID- 3883300
TI  - Imaging of Burkitt lymphoma in pediatric patients.
AB  - The imaging procedures utilized at presentation in the diagnostic work-up of 19
      children with Burkitt lymphoma were reviewed. The distribution of disease was
      compared to other tumors of childhood so that the most valuable modalities could
      be identified. Burkitt lymphoma is a rapidly growing tumor in the child, making
      it essential to suggest the diagnosis as quickly as possible so that biopsy and
      treatment can be instigated. The primary area of involvement was abdominal (15 of
      19), gastrointestinal, intraperitoneal adenopathy, hepatic and pancreatic without
      retroperitoneal adenopathy. Pleural effusions were common without hilar and
      mediastinal adenopathy. This is in contrast to other tumors of childhood where
      mediastinal and hilar disease in the chest and retroperitoneal node involvement
      in the abdomen are common. Thus sonography is an excellent imaging modality,
      easily identifying the extent of the disease and so suggesting the diagnosis.

PMID- 3883301
TI  - Wolman's disease. Ultrasound and CT diagnosis.
AB  - An infant with the typical clinical and radiographic findings of Wolman's disease
      was also examined with ultrasound and CT. Although the radiographs are
      distinctive, the newer modalities add another dimension of examination.

PMID- 3883302
TI  - Preliminary note: vertebral-Doppler sonography in near sudden infant death
      syndrome (NSIDS).
AB  - Using vertebral artery sonography, we investigated the influence of the position
      of the head on the vertebral artery bloodflow in five children, who were admitted
      because of NSIDS (near sudden infant death syndrome) episodes. Three out of the
      five children showed blocking of vertebral bloodflow determined by position of
      the head. This was not observed in five age-matched controls. Our preliminary
      observations indicate the value of noninvasive ultrasound Doppler techniques in
      the diagnostic work in the children with NSIDS. In this way one of the risk
      factors for SIDS might be identified.

PMID- 3883303
TI  - 'Like a shrivelled blood orange'--bilirubin, jaundice, and phototherapy.
AB  - The biochemistry of bilirubin is reviewed with particular reference to newborn
      infants. The formation, properties, and metabolism of bilirubin are summarized
      and the importance of molecular shape, hydrogen-bonding, and polarity on the
      biologic disposition of bilirubin is emphasized. The chemical basis for the
      subtle influence of visible (blue) light on bilirubin structure and metabolism is
      explained, and recent concepts of the mechanism of phototherapy are presented. A
      glossary of current jargon is appended.

PMID- 3883304
TI  - Battery ingestions: product accessibility and clinical course.
AB  - Results of 125 battery ingestions in 114 separate episodes over an 11-month
      period are analyzed. The 125 batteries included 119 button batteries and six
      cylindrical cells. The location of batteries just prior to ingestion (loose or
      discarded [48.7%], in product [34.4%], in manufacturer's battery packaging
      [3.4%]) determined the need for consumer education of this potential hazard. The
      observation that hearing aid batteries were the most common type swallowed
      (33.9%), and that 14 batteries were ingested by hearing-impaired children after
      they removed the batteries from their own aids, further directs appropriate
      prevention efforts. All the larger cylindrical batteries and 89.9% of the button
      cells passed through the gastrointestinal tract spontaneously. Endoscopic
      retrieval was unsuccessful in 66.7% of cases attempted. Ipecac syrup,
      administered to 11 patients, uniformly failed to expel the battery. Transit time
      was within 48 hours for 68.8% of button cells, and 85.4% of the batteries were
      passed by 72 hours, with a range of 12 hours to 14 days. Once beyond the
      esophagus, arrested battery progression failed to correlate with adverse outcome.
      Symptoms developed in 11 patients but were only severe in the single case of
      esophageal lodgment. The vast majority of battery ingestions are benign and can
      be managed without endoscopic or surgical intervention.

PMID- 3883305
TI  - Does indomethacin cause extension of intracranial hemorrhages: a preliminary
      study.
AB  - Thirty-six infants who had an intracranial hemorrhage (diagnosed by cranial
      ultrasound) within four days after delivery (mean age 2.4 +/- 0.9 (SD) days),
      were reexamined at three- to seven-day intervals for extension of their
      intracranial hemorrhage. Seventeen infants had a patent ductus arteriosus and
      were treated with indomethacin after the initial intracranial hemorrhage was
      diagnosed. The age for starting indomethacin was 3.8 +/- 1.1 days. Nineteen
      infants did not have a patent ductus arteriosus and did not receive indomethacin.
      Both the indomethacin-treated and nontreated groups were similar in birth weight,
      gestational age, Apgar scores, gender, incidence of respiratory distress, as well
      as the location and the degree of hemorrhage in the initial scans. Only one of 17
      (6%) infants who received indomethacin v tow of 19 (11%) infants who did not
      receive it, had extension of their initial intracranial hemorrhage. Although
      indomethacin may alter platelet function, it does not appear to cause extension
      of a preexisting intracranial hemorrhage.

PMID- 3883306
TI  - Effect of formula supplementation in the hospital on the duration of breast
      feeding: a controlled clinical trial.
AB  - To avoid methodologic pitfalls in previous observational studies linking formula
      supplementation in the hospital to early discontinuation of breast-feeding, a
      controlled clinical trial of restricted supplementation was conducted. In a
      pretrial sample of 621 newborns, a comparison of two "well-baby" nurseries found
      no differences in either hospital supplementation practices or the proportion of
      infants still being breast-fed at 4 or 9 weeks postpartum. Restriction of
      supplementation in one of the nurseries for the trial period (n = 781) did not
      result in higher breast-feeding rates at 4 or 9 weeks. There was, however, a
      slightly greater mean percent of birth weight lost in the restricted group (6.0%
      v 5.1%; P less than .001). In examining the control group for evidence of an
      "observational" association, it was found that infants still breast-feeding at 4
      or 9 weeks were far more likely to have been unsupplemented than those no longer
      being breast-fed. It thus appears that formula supplementation in the hospital is
      a marker, rather than a cause, of breast-feeding difficulty.

PMID- 3883307
TI  - [Significance of the coefficient of leukocyte movement in diagnosing an increased
      sensitivity to drugs].

PMID- 3883308
TI  - [Echographic examination of children with diseases of the locomotor apparatus].

PMID- 3883309
TI  - [Etiology and development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3883310
TI  - [Role of the epiphysis in regulating the normal function of the child's body and
      in pathological states].

PMID- 3883311
TI  - [Status and prospects for research on the effect of hormonal metabolic disorders
      on the immune state in obesity in children].

PMID- 3883312
TI  - [Methodological aspects of immunological research in pediatrics].

PMID- 3883313
TI  - Hemoglobin in mammalian oxygen transport: ingenious formulations not quite in
      accord with nature.

PMID- 3883314
TI  - Life stories as careers--careers as life stories.

PMID- 3883315
TI  - Medicine as a dependent tradition: historical and ethical reflections.

PMID- 3883316
TI  - [Antibiotics in appendectomy--more clinical trials?].

PMID- 3883317
TI  - A new history of nursing. Six. A power failure.

PMID- 3883318
TI  - Enoch the enigma.

PMID- 3883319
TI  - Microbiologic aspects of infection in the compromised host.
AB  - The severe morbidity and mortality associated with infection in the compromised
      host is a serious problem. Many infections are caused by organisms considered to
      have a low degree of pathogenicity under normal circumstances. It is essential to
      have rapid procedures available to isolate and identify these etiologic agents of
      infections so that rational therapy is begun.

PMID- 3883320
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation. An overview and comparison of autologous, syngeneic,
      and allogeneic treatment modalities.
AB  - Bone marrow transplantation is one type of hematopoietic reconstitution for
      oncology patients receiving ablative chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. As an
      adjunct in the treatment of malignancies, bone marrow transplantation offers a
      new hope in cancer treatment as new and more aggressive therapies are used. The
      underlying principles and stages of bone marrow transplantation are common to the
      three different types of transplants. However, the basic differences in the
      relationships between donor and recipient result in different complications and
      care requirements for these three groups of patients. Responsible nursing
      intervention requires that the caregivers are aware not only of the aspects
      common to all transplant patients, but also that they are aware of the basic
      differences, unique complications, and special physical and psychologic care
      requirements of each group.

PMID- 3883321
TI  - Oncology nursing. 3. Questioning and adapting.

PMID- 3883322
TI  - Strength of tray adhesives for elastomeric impression materials.

PMID- 3883323
TI  - Hydroxyapatite attached by laser: a potential sealant for pits and fissures.

PMID- 3883324
TI  - Ability to evaluate nonvisible margins with an explorer.

PMID- 3883325
TI  - [Vitamin A and its potential use in cancer prevention].

PMID- 3883327
TI  - Kicking the nicotine habit. How to help patients stop smoking.

PMID- 3883326
TI  - [Zinc concentration in the food and bodies of pregnant women, newborn infants and
      children].

PMID- 3883328
TI  - Acute water intoxication following pelvic ultrasound examination.
AB  - Ultrasonography is a widely used imaging technique whose popularity is based, in
      part, on its reputation for being relatively without risk to the patient. Like
      most procedures, however, ultrasound studies may be associated with
      complications, as the case presented here illustrates. A 79-year-old woman was
      given a large oral water load before a pelvic ultrasound examination and
      experienced symptoms of acute water intoxication afterward. When hyponatremia was
      corrected, the patient's condition returned to normal.

PMID- 3883329
TI  - Bacterial infections in the elderly. Special considerations for a special patient
      population.

PMID- 3883330
TI  - Rapid diagnosis of infections. Uses, strengths, and limitations of six test
      techniques.

PMID- 3883331
TI  - Rifampin. No longer just for tuberculosis.

PMID- 3883332
TI  - Drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus. Differentiating it from the real
      thing.

PMID- 3883333
TI  - Exercise therapy for anxiety and depression. 1. Does the evidence justify its
      recommendation?
AB  - Despite the ever-increasing importance placed on exercise in our society today,
      obtaining sufficient evidence to document its therapeutic role in anxiety and
      depression has proven to be a formidable task for researchers. A number of
      studies now provide evidence to justify the recommendation of moderate exercise
      to alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression and to improve overall emotional
      well-being. For anxious or depressed patients, exercise produces a sense of
      mastery and control, and the positive effects of being successful in an exercise
      program spill over into other realms of their life.

PMID- 3883334
TI  - Exercise therapy for anxiety and depression. 2. What are the specific
      considerations for clinical application?

PMID- 3883335
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies. Their promise for tumor diagnosis, staging, and therapy.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies will have utility as tools for diagnosis, staging, and
      therapy of malignant disease. Investigators have produced monoclonal antibodies
      that are directed against tumor-associated antigens and have varying degrees of
      cross-reactivity against normal tissues. These reagents have homogeneous
      molecular structure, recognize specific antigenic sites, can be produced in mass
      quantities, and are easily purified. Clinical trials with monoclonal antibodies
      are in progress and suggest modest toxicity and potential therapeutic efficacy.

PMID- 3883336
TI  - Hospice Medicare benefit: more comments.

PMID- 3883337
TI  - Computers in patient education.

PMID- 3883338
TI  - Coping with stress. How to help patients deal with life's pressures.

PMID- 3883339
TI  - The chronic pain patient. Evaluation and management.

PMID- 3883340
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of campomelic dysplasia by ultrasonography.
AB  - Consanguineous partners had a boy with campomelic dysplasia who died of
      increasing respiratory distress soon after birth. The next pregnancy was
      monitored frequently by ultrasonography and a healthy male infant was born at
      term. During a further pregnancy, ultrasonography suggested campomelic dysplasia
      in the 16th week of gestation. This was confirmed in the 18th week. The pregnancy
      was terminated and the fetus showed the typical radiological, anatomical and
      histological findings.

PMID- 3883341
TI  - Failure to detect fetal obstructive uropathy by second trimester ultrasound.
AB  - The prenatal diagnosis, management and outcome of an hereditary obstructive
      uropathy is presented. Serial ultrasonic assessment of the fetal urinary tract
      was carried out from the early second trimester onward. Slight bilateral
      hydronephrosis as a first sign of obstructive uropathy was only established as
      late as 30 weeks of gestation. On the basis of weekly ultrasound scans, a
      conservative approach was adopted. In view of fetal maturity, labour was induced
      at 36 weeks resulting in the vaginal delivery of a male infant with moderate
      bilateral hydronephrosis. Neonatally, anuria developed due to bilateral
      obstruction of the ureters as a result of increasing bladder wall hypertrophy due
      to urethral valves. A bilateral uretero-cutaneostomy was carried out. The infant
      so far develops normally, and renal function is normal for age. Women at risk for
      fetal obstructive uropathy should have ultrasonic monitoring throughout
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3883342
TI  - Early prenatal diagnosis of congenital hypophosphatasia: case report.
AB  - Congenital hypophosphatasia is an autosomal recessive disorder, which usually has
      a fatal outcome during the neonatal period. This report presents the prenatal
      diagnosis of hypophosphatasia at 16 weeks of gestation. The characteristic
      ultrasonic findings in this abnormality demonstrate the superiority of ultrasound
      as compared with radiography.

PMID- 3883343
TI  - Prenatal pleural effusion associated with congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia.
AB  - A pleural effusion associated with congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia was
      detected in a fetus in utero but was absent at the time of delivery. The pleural
      effusion was unilateral although the disease involved both lungs. In this case
      there was an association between polyhydramnios and congenital pulmonary
      lymphangiectasia.

PMID- 3883344
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis before implantation: opportunities and problems.

PMID- 3883345
TI  - Phosphorylation of lens fiber cell membrane proteins.
AB  - Two intrinsic membrane proteins of calf lens fiber cells can be phosphorylated by
      a soluble bovine lens cAMP-dependent protein kinase and rabbit muscle cAMP
      dependent protein kinase. After electrophoresis of the phosphorylated membranes,
      32P comigrates with the lens main intrinsic protein at 26-27 kDa and with a minor
      band of protein that migrates at 19-20 kDa. 32P is also found with proteins that,
      based on the molecular sizes, are likely multimers of the 19-kDa and 26-kDa
      proteins. Upon boiling in NaDodSO4, all the radioactivity is found at the top of
      the gel, suggesting that both phosphoproteins are intrinsic membrane proteins.
      Serine is the only phospho amino acid detected in both proteins regardless of the
      source of protein kinase. The phosphorylation sites of both proteins are lost
      upon cleavage with trypsin and chymotrypsin. The smaller phosphoprotein is likely
      not a crystallin, because antibodies directed against alpha-, beta-, or gamma
      crystallins do not cross-react with the 19-kDa protein. The 19-kDa 32P-labeled
      protein does not migrate coincident with calf alpha-crystallin.

PMID- 3883346
TI  - Involvement of ribosomal protein L7/L12 in control of translational accuracy.
AB  - The effects of two mutations, which map at the rplL locus and both give a changed
      50S ribosomal protein L7/L12, were studied. Both mutations are associated with an
      increased misreading of all three nonsense codons in vivo and ribosomes from the
      mutants give an increased misreading of the phenylalanine codon UUU by tRNALeu in
      vitro. The rplL-associated misreading in vitro is not limited to a particular
      type of mRNA or tRNA. Results from a translational proofreading assay, using
      mutant ribosomes, suggest that protein L7/L12 is involved in the control of
      translational accuracy by contributing to the efficiency of a translational
      proofreading step(s).

PMID- 3883347
TI  - 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase is present in peroxisomes in
      normal rat liver cells.
AB  - The location inside rat liver parenchymal cells of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
      coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase; EC 1.1.1.34), the key regulatory enzyme
      in cholesterol biosynthesis, has been examined by immunoelectron microscopy and
      by subcellular fractionation. Although HMG-CoA reductase is generally thought to
      be exclusively a microsomal enzyme, we find that a substantial portion of
      cellular HMG-CoA reductase is localized in peroxisomes. Immunoelectron
      microscopic labeling of ultrathin frozen sections of normal rat liver, using two
      monoclonal antibodies to purified HMG-CoA reductase, showed that the enzyme is
      present in the peroxisomes at a higher concentration than at any other site
      inside the hepatocytes. Subcellular fractionation studies using Percoll and
      metrizamide gradients demonstrated a close correspondence of peaks of HMG-CoA
      reductase activity and of catalase activity, again revealing the presence of the
      reductase enzyme in peroxisomes. HMG-CoA reductase is therefore localized in
      peroxisomes in addition to being in the microsomal fraction.

PMID- 3883348
TI  - Isolation of the non-glycosylated proteins of desmosomes and immunolocalization
      of a third plaque protein: desmoplakin III.
AB  - The cytoplasmic plaque of the spot desmosome or macula adhaerens mediates the
      attachment of bundles of intermediate filaments to the plasma membrane. We have
      isolated from a bovine epidermal desmosome preparation a fraction that is highly
      enriched in the non-glycosylated desmosomal proteins. Plastic-embedded and thin
      sectioned high-speed pellets of this fraction reveal closely packed filaments
      that resemble plaque regions of the low pH whole desmosome preparation from which
      they are derived. NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals four major,
      non-glycosylated proteins of 240, 210, 81, and 77 kDa. In agreement with a
      previous study, we find the 240- and 210-kDa proteins (desmoplakins I and II) to
      be closely related, whereas the 81- and 77-kDa proteins are unique. This is shown
      both immunologically and by one-dimensional proteolytic peptide mapping.
      Monospecific, polyclonal rabbit antibodies were prepared against the 81-kDa
      protein and used, in conjunction with protein A-complexed colloidal gold
      particles (PAG), to immunolocalize this antigen on ultrathin sections of bovine
      muzzle epidermis. On antibody-labeled sections, PAG particles were associated
      principally with the desmosomal cytoplasmic plaque. Sections exposed to preimmune
      serum showed little or no labeling. We conclude that the 81-kDa protein, like the
      240/210-kDa protein family, is one of the major components of the desmosomal
      plaque. We designate it as "desmoplakin III." The location of the 77-kDa protein
      remains to be definitively established.

PMID- 3883349
TI  - Identification of B cells in multilineage hematopoietic colonies derived from
      cells of patients with lymphocytic lymphoma.
AB  - Pluripotent stem cells from human bone marrow can be identified in culture by
      their ability to form multilineage hematopoietic colonies containing different
      myeloid lineages and T cells of different phenotypes. The observation of a common
      progenitor of myeloid and lymphoid cells in normal and disturbed hematopoiesis
      prompted the question of whether B cells are part of the differentiation program
      of stem cells. The availability of hybridomas of azaguanine-resistant T-cell
      lines secreting monoclonal growth factors for B cells and clinical conditions
      that are considered to originate from malignant B cells might facilitate this
      investigation. We were able to identify surface immunoglobulin and B-cell
      associated antigen-positive cells within such colonies, indicating that B cells
      are generated from a myelolymphopoietic stem cell. This report describes the
      presence of B cells in these colonies derived from bone marrow cells of patients
      with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

PMID- 3883350
TI  - Retraction: DNA from recombinogenic bacteriophages generated by arl mutant of
      Escherichia coli is cleaved by a single-strand-specific endonuclease S1.

PMID- 3883351
TI  - Presence and source of free isopentenyladenosine in yeasts.
AB  - Cytokinins are a class of naturally occurring compounds that regulate growth and
      differentiation in tissues of higher plants. Many cytokinins are isopentenylated
      derivatives of adenine and its riboside, adenosine. By virtue of the post
      transcriptional isopentenylation of specific anticodon loop adenosine residues in
      certain tRNA sequences, cytokinins are nearly universal, but tRNA-independent (de
      novo) cytokinin synthesis has been demonstrated in a few species. Using a
      radioimmunoassay, we have demonstrated that haploid strains of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe contain, respectively, 0.8 and 0.9
      microgram of the free cytokinin, N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl)adenosine, per g of
      cells (wet weight). Strains of both species characterized by mutations that
      result in deficiencies of isopentenylated tRNAs have somewhat elevated levels of
      free N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl)adenosine. These findings lead to the conclusion
      that the major, if not exclusive, source of free cytokinins in these two yeasts
      is a synthetic pathway independent of isopentenylated RNA turnover.

PMID- 3883352
TI  - Replication-competent Moloney murine leukemia virus carrying a bacterial
      suppressor tRNA gene: selective cloning of proviral and flanking host sequences.
AB  - A bacterial suppressor tRNA gene was introduced into the long terminal repeat of
      the Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV) proviral genome to construct a
      retrovirus that allows easy cloning of the provirus with flanking host sequences.
      A replication competent virus, Mo-MuLV sup containing a tRNA amber suppressor
      gene, was derived that replicates to high titers in tissue culture cells and
      stably transduces the bacterial gene. The recombinant virus can efficiently
      replicate in vivo when microinjected into midgestation embryos or when injected
      into newborn mice and displays the same tissue tropism as wild-type Mo-MuLV. The
      suppressor gene in Mo-MuLV sup is functional in bacteria and allows efficient
      recovery of proviral genomes. This was shown by ligation of DNA from infected
      cells to phage lambda Charon 4A arms and selective growth of recombinant phages
      on su- host cells. All recovered phages contained Mo-MuLV proviral sequences and,
      because of the high cloning capacity of phage lambda, 1-11 kilobases of flanking
      host DNA. This virus should facilitate studying virus-host interactions in tissue
      culture cells and in animals.

PMID- 3883353
TI  - Efficient cloning of single-copy genes using specialized cosmid vectors:
      isolation of mutant dihydrofolate reductase genes.
AB  - A method for the efficient cloning of single-copy genes from restriction digests
      of mammalian DNA is described. The method is illustrated by the cloning of
      several mutant genes as well as the wild-type gene for Chinese hamster
      dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR; 7,8-dihydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC
      1.5.1.3). This gene is isolated within a 41-kilobase Bgl I fragment by using
      cosmid (plasmids containing a cohesive-end site) vectors that have been
      constructed especially for this purpose. Two cosmids are used: one contains a
      short region from the 5' flanking region of the dhfr gene, and the other contains
      a short region from the 3' flanking region. These two regions contain the Bgl I
      sites that bound the dhfr gene. Bgl I leaves staggered ends that are different
      depending on the DNA sequence within the enzyme binding site. When these cosmids
      are cut with Bgl I and hybridized with total Bgl I-cut genomic DNA, they
      preferentially associate with the fragment bearing the dhfr gene, since it has
      the same Bgl I ends. An approximately 500-fold enrichment for the dhfr gene in
      cosmid libraries from Chinese hamster ovary cells was achieved by using this
      method coupled with a single-step size fractionation. As a result, only several
      hundred cosmid colonies need to be screened in order to clone a dhfr gene from a
      particular mutant Chinese hamster ovary cell. This method should facilitate the
      repetitive cloning of any gene or gene fragment.

PMID- 3883354
TI  - Depletion of mucosal mast cell protease by corticosteroids: effect on intestinal
      anaphylaxis in the rat.
AB  - Rats primed by infection with the intestinal nematode Nippostrongylus
      brasiliensis and challenged intravenously with soluble whole-worm antigen undergo
      systemic anaphylactic shock. The primary lesions are in the gut and include
      increased permeability of the mucosa together with release, into enteric
      secretions, of a mucosal mast cell (MMC)-specific serine proteinase, rat mast
      cell protease II (RMCP-II). This enzyme is also released into the blood of
      shocked rats. These manifestations of anaphylaxis were abolished in rats
      previously treated with corticosteroids (methylprednisolone acetate, 25 mg per kg
      of body weight, 48 and 24 hr before i.v. challenge with antigen). Suppression of
      the response was associated with depletion of RMCP-II and of MMC from the
      intestinal mucosa. Depletion occurred 4-24 hr after treatment with as little as 1
      mg of methylprednisolone per kg. By contrast, neither connective tissue mast
      cells nor serum levels of parasite-specific IgE were depleted in rats given 2 X
      25 mg of methylprednisolone per kg. The capacity of unprimed treated rats to
      mount passive cutaneous anaphylaxis was, however, impaired.

PMID- 3883355
TI  - Mouse monoclonal IgG3 antibody detecting GD3 ganglioside: a phase I trial in
      patients with malignant melanoma.
AB  - R24 is an IgG3 mouse monoclonal antibody that identifies GD3, a prominent
      ganglioside on the surface of melanoma cells and other cells of neuroectodermal
      origin. Twelve patients with metastatic melanoma were treated with R24 at three
      dose levels, 8, 80, or 240 mg/m2, over a period of 2 weeks. Peak antibody levels
      in the serum were dose related and ranged from less than 0.1 to 62 micrograms/ml.
      Inflammatory reactions (urticaria, pruritus, erythema, subcutaneous ecchymoses)
      were observed around tumor sites in patients treated at doses greater than or
      equal to 80 mg/m2. Tumor biopsies during and after treatment showed lymphocyte
      and mast cell infiltration, mast cell degranulation, and complement deposition.
      Side effects were mild and were readily controlled by antihistamines. Major tumor
      regression has been observed in three patients.

PMID- 3883356
TI  - Chimeric chemosensory transducers of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The tar and tsr genes of Escherichia coli encode homologous transducer proteins
      that mediate distinct chemotactic responses. We report here the construction of
      two tasr chimeric genes in which the 5' coding region of the tar gene is fused to
      the 3' coding region of the tsr gene at either of two conserved restriction
      sites. Both chimeric genes code for chemotactically functional proteins. Results
      of analyses of behavior and methylation in cells carrying the chimeric genes
      support existing models for the disposition of transducer domains across the cell
      membrane and reveal that the receptors for internal pH map in a specific region
      of the COOH-terminal (cytoplasmic) domain.

PMID- 3883357
TI  - Stereochemical studies of a selenium-containing hydrogenase from Methanococcus
      vannielii: determination of the absolute configuration of C-5 chirally labeled
      dihydro-8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin cofactor.
AB  - Reduction of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-[5-2H]-5-deazariboflavin by the selenium
      containing hydrogenase from Methanococcus vannielii gave a C-5 chirally labeled
      1,5-dihydro derivative. The absolute configuration of the chiral label was shown
      to be (R) by comparison of the chemically degraded product with authentic samples
      of known absolute configurations. Therefore, the steric course of the enzymic
      reactions involving the 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin cofactor can be defined as
      follows: (a) reduction occurs on the si face of the 5-deazaflavin molecule; (b)
      oxidation proceeds by the abstraction of the pro-S hydrogen at C-5 of the 1,5
      dihydro-5-deazaflavin. Thus, the selenium-containing hydrogenase and 8-hydroxy-5
      deazaflavin-dependent NADP+ reductase from M. vannielii are si face specific.

PMID- 3883358
TI  - Detection and characterization of a mouse alpha-spectrin cDNA clone by its
      expression in Escherichia coli.
AB  - A cloned segment of mouse alpha-spectrin mRNA has been identified by
      immunological techniques. Double-stranded cDNA derived from spleens of anemic
      mice was introduced into a bacterial expression vector, pUC, and transformed
      Escherichia coli colonies were screened by using an antiserum to erythrocyte
      membrane ghost proteins. Of 17 positive colonies, 2 bound antibody to mouse
      spectrin, and these 2 colonies contained 750-base-pair inserts that cross
      hybridized. Transfer of the 750-base-pair insert to an expression vector
      containing the PL promoter of phage lambda produced larger amounts of peptides
      that were bound by antibody to mouse spectrin. The spectrin-like peptides made in
      E. coli elicited antibody that reacted only with the alpha-spectrin subunit of
      erythrocyte membranes. This clone will be useful for the study of the structure
      and expression of the spectrin gene, particularly in understanding the role of
      spectrin in human inherited hemolytic anemias.

PMID- 3883359
TI  - Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs): a monoclonal antibody to MAP 1 decorates
      microtubules in vitro but stains stress fibers and not microtubules in vivo.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (mAb 7-1.1) was produced against a bovine brain microtubule
      associated protein (MAP) preparation that had been separated from tubulin after
      initial purification by cycles of microtubule assembly and disassembly in vitro.
      The antibody reacted specifically with two high molecular weight polypeptides of
      the MAP 1 class, designated MAP 1.1 and MAP 1.2, and also with the surfaces of
      MAP 1-containing microtubules that had been assembled in vitro. Double
      immunofluorescence microscopy using mAb 7-1.1 and a well-characterized rabbit
      anti-tubulin antibody revealed that mAb 7-1.1 stained stress fibers in fixed and
      permeabilized cultured mammalian cells rather than microtubules. The antibody
      also stained cell nuclei in a punctate fashion. mAb 7-1.1 is one of a number of
      monoclonal antibodies that react with presumptive MAP 1 polypeptides. Some of the
      MAP 1 antibodies have been found to bind specifically to microtubules in fixed
      and permeabilized cells, while others have been reported to react with
      nonmicrotubule structures. Our results, together with the results of other
      investigations, indicate that "MAP 1" may be a family of several high molecular
      weight polypeptides that adventitiously behave as MAPs by the criterion of in
      vitro coassembly with tubulin through cycles of polymerization and
      depolymerization but whose cellular distributions, and perhaps functions, are
      varied.

PMID- 3883360
TI  - Identification and partial characterization of hepatocyte-stimulating factor from
      leukemia cell lines: comparison with interleukin 1.
AB  - Leukemia cell lines of the monocytic series (HL-60, U-937, and P388D1) produce a
      hepatocyte-stimulating factor (HSF) following induction of differentiation with
      phorbol diester. In 24-72 hr, these leukemia cells produce 2-30% the amount of
      HSF as human peripheral blood monocytes. Cells of the series at earlier stages of
      differentiation produced greater amounts of HSF. Fractionation of the medium from
      each cell type by HPLC reveals much of the HSF activity in the 25- to 30
      kilodalton range. Under the same culture conditions, interleukin 1 is produced;
      however, its bioactivity is in the 7- to 15-kilodalton range. Neither monokine
      shows reciprocal bioactivity. Superinducing culture conditions that greatly
      increase interleukin 1 production completely eliminate HSF production, suggesting
      that there is different stability of the mRNA coding for each protein or that
      there are different temporal events important to the induction of synthesis of
      these proteins.

PMID- 3883361
TI  - Mutations in direct repeat sequences and in a conserved sequence adjacent to the
      repeats result in a defective replication origin in plasmid R6K.
AB  - Plasmid pMM3 is a pBR322 derivative carrying the gamma origin of replication of
      the naturally occurring plasmid R6K. We have produced a gamma-origin mutant bank
      of this plasmid using the single-strand-specific mutagen sodium bisulfite.
      Members of this bank contain single or multiple mutations in the seven direct
      repeats and the flanking sequences in the gamma origin. Three mutants with
      defective gamma origins have been isolated from this mutant bank. Two of these
      direct repeat mutants, gamma 117 and gamma 120, are unable to replicate and also
      have lost the ability to bind the R6K initiation protein pi in vitro at one of
      the seven 22-base-pair direct repeats within their respective origins. Precise
      deletion of the damaged repeat of either of these mutants restores origin
      function, suggesting that the primary defect of these mutants involves a
      disruption of the normal spacing of pi binding and flanking sequences within the
      gamma origin. The third mutant, gamma 111, binds pi normally but replicates at a
      greatly reduced copy number due to a mutation near the seventh repeat. This
      mutation falls within a short sequence that appears to be conserved among a
      number of other plasmids that contain direct repeats within their origins of
      replication.

PMID- 3883362
TI  - Correction of hyperglycemia with phloridzin restores the glucagon response to
      glucose in insulin-deficient dogs: implications for human diabetes.
AB  - In insulin-deprived alloxan-induced diabetic dogs with severe hyperglycemia and
      marked hyperglucagonemia, glucagon was not suppressed by intravenous infusion of
      glucose at a progressively increasing rate up to 24 mg/kg of body weight per min.
      However, when the hyperglycemia was corrected by phloridzin, a blocker of renal
      tubular glucose reabsorption, the hyperglucagonemia was readily suppressed by as
      little as 2 mg of glucose per kg/min. Direct perfusion of phloridzin into the
      isolated pancreas of nondiabetic dogs had no effect on the in vitro glucagon
      response to increments in glucose. However, in pancreata isolated from dogs whose
      glucose levels had been lowered by phloridzin pretreatment, in vitro glucagon
      suppression in response to glucose increments was more than twice that of
      controls. This enhancing effect of phloridzin treatment was completely abolished
      by giving an intravenous infusion of glucose for the 5 hr prior to surgery for
      isolation of the pancreas. It is concluded that (i) alpha cells have a glucose
      sensing system that is independent of insulin and beta cells, and (ii) this
      system is reversibly attenuated by hyperglycemia. Thus, hyperglycemia, a
      metabolic consequence of islet cell dysfunction, may be a self-exacerbating
      inducer of further islet cell dysfunction, a possibility with implications for
      human diabetes.

PMID- 3883363
TI  - "Transfer factor": an update.

PMID- 3883364
TI  - Transfer factor for the treatment of HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis.
AB  - Transfer factor was obtained from four patients having recovered from acute type
      B viral hepatitis. It was replicated in vitro using the LDV/7 lymphoblastoid cell
      line. This in vitro-produced transfer factor specific for hepatitis B (TFdL-H)
      was administered to 10 randomly selected patients with biochemically and
      histologically proven HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis (CAH) at 15-day
      intervals over a 6-month period. In three out of four initially HBeAg-positive
      patients, anti-HBe antibodies appeared when the HBeAg disappeared. In one of
      these patients and in two other HBsAg-positive patients, the appearance of anti
      HBs antibodies was noted. The improvement in several biochemical parameters of
      the TFdL-H patients was statistically significant when compared with those of
      another group of 10 randomly selected untreated CAH patients. Liver biopsies in
      six out of eight treated patients showed a histological improvement at the end of
      the treatment. These results suggest that TFdL-H may be used with beneficial
      effect for the treatment of HBsAg-positive CAH.

PMID- 3883365
TI  - Increased prostacyclin metabolites and decreased red cell deformability in
      patients with systemic sclerosis and Raynauds syndrome.
AB  - Patients with systemic sclerosis (SS) often suffer from Raynaud's Syndrome (RS).
      As prostacyclin (PGI2) is of benefit in the treatment of RS in SS, we have
      measured endogenous stable metabolites of PGI2 (PGI2m) in 42 patients with
      Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP) of varying aetiology (15 SS patients, 15 patients with
      Raynaud's Disease (RD) but no other symptoms, and 12 other RS patients with
      probable connective tissue disorder). Results were compared with 15 matched
      controls. Since abnormally rigid red blood cells (RBC) may occur in SS, we also
      measured RBC deformability (filtration technique). Results show that the SS group
      have significantly elevated PGI2m levels compared to patients with RD alone and
      normal controls. In addition, SS patients have more rigid RBC. If all 42 patients
      with RS were analysed, a significant correlation between PGF and RBC filtration
      was obtained. The cells of SS patients are resistant to the effects of PGI2 and
      it would appear that as a compensatory mechanism, production of PGI2 is
      increased. Treatment with exogenous PGI2 may overcome this resistance and improve
      microcirculatory flow. The more rigid RBC in SS may also be related to the
      increased endogenous PGI2. These results may have important clinical implications
      and allow new therapeutic approaches.

PMID- 3883366
TI  - Effects of high frequency oscillatory ventilation compared to conventional
      ventilation upon pulmonary vascular prostanoid production in neonatal piglets.
AB  - In order to investigate the possibility that high-frequency oscillatory
      ventilation (HFO) might preferentially stimulate intrapulmonary prostacyclin
      (PGI2) synthesis thereby decreasing pulmonary vascular smooth muscle tone, we
      determined pulmonary prostacyclin and thromboxane production in neonatal piglets
      ventilated by conventional means and by HFO (8 Hz). There was no detectable
      release of prostacyclin or thromboxane into blood passing through the lungs
      (i.e., pulmonary arterial concentrations were greater than aortic concentrations)
      during ventilation by conventional means or during HFO. Furthermore, there were
      no differences between the two modes of ventilation in cardiac output, systemic
      or pulmonary vascular resistance, or pulmonary vascular response to
      hypoxia/hypercapnia. We conclude that HFO does not stimulate pulmonary
      prostacyclin production and does not affect pulmonary vascular resistance or the
      pulmonary vasoconstriction associated with alveolar hypoxia/hypercapnia when
      compared to conventional ventilation in anesthetized newborn piglets.

PMID- 3883367
TI  - The effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) on haematological and haemodynamic parameters,
      and lung histology in puppies undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery with
      profound hypothermia.
AB  - Puppies 6-12 kg underwent cardiopulmonary bypass with profound hypothermia.
      Thirteen animals received 200 ng kg-1 min-1 of PGI2 during bypass whilst 11
      control animals received equivalent volumes of glycine buffer (placebo) over a
      similar period. Results indicated preservation of platelets, leukocytes and
      fibrinogen levels, together with shortened activated partial thromboplastin times
      and fewer fibrinogen degradation products post-bypass in PGI2-treated animals.
      There was an initial fall in blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance in
      PGI2 treated animals, but pulmonary pressures and resistances, cardiac outputs,
      and heart rates showed no significant differences from controls. Higher and more
      satisfactory end of bypass and post-bypass blood pressure levels, together with a
      lesser fall-off in mean total pulmonary compliance, and shortened bypass times
      were achieved in treated animals. PGI2 appeared to afford some protection against
      lung damage as observed by histological studies. All beneficial effects appeared
      to be significantly greater amongst smaller animals. The results indicate
      possible benefits from the use of PGI2 in infant open heart surgery.

PMID- 3883368
TI  - Production of prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) by vessels draining
      and not-draining benign and malignant tumours of the breast.
AB  - The production of PGI2 (determined by bioassay) and TXB2 (determined by
      radioimmunoassay) was studied in the supernatant solutions obtained after
      incubation of vessel rings prepared from veins draining and not draining benign
      and malignant tumours of the breast. A significant increase (p less than 0.01)
      was found in the production of PGI2 by vessels draining the malignant tumours as
      compared to those not draining such tumours or vessels draining benign tumours.
      The changes in PGI2, and the tendency for TXB2 to be higher in vessels draining
      malignant tumours, were in the same direction so that they balanced out when the
      ratio PGI2/TXB2 was calculated: in consequence no significant changes in this
      ratio were found in malignant tumours as compared to the benign. A significant
      difference (p less than 0.01) was observed in the ratios of vessels draining
      tumours:vessels not draining tumours between malignant and benign tumours in
      relation to the production of PGI2. The present data demonstrate that the
      production of PGI2 by vessels draining malignant tumours of the breast is
      different to that obtained with vessels from patients with benign tumours,
      although the mechanism responsible for this difference is not known.

PMID- 3883369
TI  - Effects of chronic lithium, amitriptyline and mianserin on glucoregulation,
      corticosterone and energy balance in the rat.
AB  - Major negative side-effects reported for mood-stabilizing and antidepressant
      drugs in humans are excess weight gain and carbohydrate craving. The aim of the
      present study was to establish whether the rat could usefully be employed in
      investigation of these phenomena. Three experiments investigated the effects of
      chronic lithium (40 mg/kg LiCl), amitriptyline (2.5 mg/kg), mianserin (2.5 mg/kg)
      and saline administration (15-20 days, one subcutaneous injection/day) on body
      weight, food intake and fluid intake. Water and food cubes were provided in all
      experiments. Additionally available, as separate fluid sources, in Experiment 2
      were 24% sucrose and 0.6% saccharin and in Experiment 3, 0.6% saccharin. Blood
      was collected for plasma glucose and insulin determinations 20-24 hours after the
      final injections. Lithium administration resulted in a marked increase in weight
      gain but only if both sucrose and saccharin were available (Experiment 2).
      Saccharin intake was increased with lithium treatment as was total caloric intake
      with sucrose available. Amitriptyline induced a sweetness craving; however,
      weight gain was somewhat depressed with just cubes available (Experiment 1) and
      only normalised by the additional availability of sucrose and saccharin
      (Experiment 2). With amitriptyline, total caloric intake was never different from
      controls. Weight gain was slightly suppressed and caloric intake slightly
      elevated by mianserin but importantly the two effects combined for a decrease in
      metabolic efficiency which was particularly exaggerated under the condition of
      carbohydrate availability (Experiment 2). Lithium and amitriptyline both produced
      hyperinsulinemia with normoglycemia whether or not the rate of weight gain was
      changed and whether or not intake was increased. Corticosterone levels were
      elevated by all drug treatments in Experiment 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3883370
TI  - Effects of L-dopa-induced dopamine accumulation on 45Ca2+ efflux and insulin
      secretion in isolated rat islets.
AB  - It has previously been demonstrated in several species that the secretory
      granules of pancreatic beta-cells have the ability to store substantial amounts
      of calcium and bioactive amines, such as dopamine and serotonin. Furthermore,
      evidence for a similar topographical localization for amine and calcium within
      the periphery of the granules has been obtained. In the present study, a possible
      interaction between dopamine and calcium on insulin release was investigated.
      Isolated rat islets were loaded with 45Ca2+ in the presence of theophylline and
      high glucose and then perifused in a dynamic system where radioactivity and
      insulin were determined in the effluent. When perifused in a bicarbonate buffer
      with 2 mmol/l Ca2+ and supplemented with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor
      pargyline, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa)-induced dopamine accumulation in
      the islets brought about a slight and transient increase in 45Ca2+ efflux. This
      increase was more pronounced and sustained in a Ca2+-deficient buffer or in a
      Ca2+-deficient buffer supplemented with
      ethyleneglycolbis(aminoethylether)tetraacetic acid (EGTA). Insulin release was
      transiently stimulated by islet dopamine accumulation in the Ca2+-deprived media,
      but not in a medium with 2 mmol/l Ca2+. Glucose-induced insulin release in 2
      mmol/l Ca2+ was potentiated by acute dopamine accumulation. The combined effect
      of glucose stimulation and islet accumulation of dopamine induced a transient
      insulin release in the Ca2+-deprived media with and without EGTA. This release of
      insulin was accompanied by an increased 45Ca2+ efflux which was most pronounced
      in the presence of EGTA. Stimulation with glucose alone, i.e. without addition of
      L-dopa tended to decrease insulin release and 45Ca2+ efflux in a Ca2+-deficient
      medium. No effects of L-dopa or L-dopa + glucose were encountered in a Ca2+
      deficient buffer when the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline was replaced by
      the dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor benserazide. The results are interpreted as
      being a consequence of a complex interaction between the accumulated dopamine and
      a pool of Ca2+ mainly confined to the secretory granules. This interaction could
      be followed by a transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+ and a subsequent efflux of
      Ca2+ out of the cell, eventually accompanied by insulin release. Increasing the
      cytosolic Ca2+ by acute dopamine accumulation makes the cell more sensitive to a
      concomitant stimulation with glucose, and the release of insulin is triggered. A
      long-term dopamine accumulation. On the other hand, might diminish the granular
      Ca2+ pool to such a level where insulin release is inhibited after stimulation
      with certain secretagogues.

PMID- 3883371
TI  - Effects of insulin on thermoregulatory responses and hypothalamic neuronal
      activity.
AB  - In the first series of experiments, the effects of administration of insulin
      (0.04-0.12 IU/microliter) into the preoptic anterior hypothalamic area on
      thermoregulatory responses were assessed in unanesthetized rats at various
      ambient temperatures (Ta). Intrahypothalamic administration of insulin induced a
      dose-dependent rise in rectal temperature. At Ta = 8 degrees C, the hyperthermia
      in response to insulin was due to increased metabolism, whereas at Ta = 30
      degrees C, the hyperthermia was due to cutaneous vasoconstriction. However, at Ta
      = 22 degrees C, the insulin-induced hyperthermia was due to both increased
      metabolism and cutaneous vasoconstriction. In the second series of experiments,
      the effects of intracerebroventricular administration of insulin on 35
      hypothalamic units classified as cold-responsive, warm-responsive, or thermally
      unresponsive were assessed in 35 rats anesthetized with urethane. It was found
      that the majority (80%) of the warm-responsive units were depressed by insulin,
      whereas the majority (70%) of the cold-responsive units were excited by insulin.
      The data indicate that insulin acts on the hypothalamic thermally responsive
      neurons to induce hyperthermia by promoting an increase in heat production and/or
      vasoconstriction.

PMID- 3883372
TI  - [Homage to Raymond Tournay 1893-1984. Reprints].

PMID- 3883373
TI  - Naso-ethmoid-orbital fractures: classification and role of primary bone grafting.
AB  - A detailed review of 80 patients with severe naso-ethmoid-orbital injuries has
      facilitated the classification of these injuries into five types. The recognition
      and diagnosis of each specific injury pattern will define the correct treatment
      choice in each instance. Special attention should be focused on injuries with
      comminution and bone loss in the medial wall and floor of the orbit, with loss of
      cartilaginous nasal support, and with orbital displacement and dystopia. An open,
      direct approach to these fractures with meticulous reduction, internal fixation,
      and repair of the medial canthal ligaments provides optimal repair. The use of
      craniofacial surgical techniques and immediate bone graft replacement of missing
      or severely damaged bone will allow reconstruction of even the most difficult
      injuries in one stage. Two hundred and eighteen primary bone grafts have been
      utilized in 49 patients. No significant complications with their use have
      occurred. The incidence of nasolacrimal system injury in naso-ethmoid-orbital
      injuries is less than suspected. Eight of 46 patients (17.4 percent) required a
      dacryocystorhinostomy for persistent nasolacrimal system obstruction. Immediate
      assessment or exploration of the nasolacrimal system is not performed. Delayed
      assessment and dacryocystorhinostomy resulted in the relief of nasolacrimal
      system obstruction in all cases.

PMID- 3883374
TI  - Vertical and horizontal proportions of the face in young adult North American
      Caucasians: revision of neoclassical canons.
AB  - The validity of nine neoclassical formulas of facial proportions was tested in a
      group of 153 young adult North American Caucasians. Age-related qualities were
      investigated in six of the nine canons in 100 six-year-old, 105 twelve-year-old,
      and 103 eighteen-year-old healthy subjects divided equally between the sexes. The
      two canons found to be valid most often in young adults were both horizontal
      proportions (interorbital width equals nose width in 40 percent and nose width
      equals 1/4 face width in 37 percent). The poorest correspondences are found in
      the vertical profile proportions, showing equality of no more than two parts of
      the head and face. Sex does not influence the findings significantly, but age
      related differences were observed. Twenty-four variations derived from three
      vertical profile, four horizontal facial, and two nasoaural neoclassical canons
      were identified in the group of young adults. For each of the new proportions,
      the mean absolute and relative differences were calculated. The absolute
      differences were greater between the facial profile sections (vertical canons)
      and smaller between the horizontally oriented facial proportions. This study
      shows a large variability in size of facial features in a normal face. While some
      of the neoclassical canons may fit a few cases, they do not represent the average
      facial proportions and their interpretation as a prescription for ideal facial
      proportions must be tested.

PMID- 3883375
TI  - The role of vasoconstrictors in control of blood loss in reduction mammaplasty.
AB  - Because blood loss has been a concern in reduction mammaplasty, a prospective
      double-blind study was undertaken to determine whether instillation of an
      epinephrine solution into the breast parenchyma would reduce blood loss during
      this procedure. the inferior glandular pedicle technique was used with each
      patient serving as her own control. A significant reduction in operative blood
      loss compared with the control solution was observed. We believe that
      instillation of an epinephrine solution should be a routine part of the reduction
      mammaplasty procedure.

PMID- 3883376
TI  - Vascularized bone allograft transplantation in a genetically defined rat model.
AB  - A heterotopic subcutaneous model for experimental vascularized bone allograft
      transplantation has been presented. This model uses genetically defined rats and
      allows serial assessment of graft viability. The reliability of this model has
      been proven by successful isograft transplantation. This model was used to study
      the effect of matching at the major histocompatibility complex on vascularized
      bone allograft survival. Whereas grafts transplanted across a minor
      histocompatibility barrier survived until sacrifice, grafts transplanted across a
      major histocompatibility barrier were victims of an acute rejection process. This
      study, therefore, showed genetic disparity to be a critical determinant of
      vascularized bone allograft survival. It indicates that primary vascularized bone
      allografts are as susceptible to rejection as heart and kidney allografts. For
      these reasons, it can be anticipated that genetic matching will be important in
      clinical vascularized bone allograft transplantation. The model used in this
      study should be useful for obtaining further fundamental immunologic information
      concerning vascularized bone allograft transplantation.

PMID- 3883377
TI  - Wound closure of the myelomeningocoele defect.
AB  - Our experience with 74 neonates with myelomeningocoele is reported. Management in
      the first phase of the study period consisted of primary closure in 37 patients
      by wide undermining and skin advancement, marked by a high wound-complication
      rate. Latissimus dorsi muscle closure, either "reverse" or advanced, was
      performed in a transitional phase in 5 patients, characterized by increased
      operative time and blood loss. In the last portion of the study period, 32
      patients were managed by immediate dural closure and skin grafts either
      simultaneously or on a delayed basis at 48 to 72 hours with a low incidence of
      graft loss, CSF leak, or sepsis. Back ulceration and follow-up in either the
      primary closure or the skin-grafted group has been infrequent.

PMID- 3883378
TI  - What is the appropriate management of tissue extravasation by antitumor agents?
AB  - Review of 175 patients sustaining extravasation of an antitumor agent showed that
      most (89 percent) can be managed immediately with intermittent application of ice
      (15 minutes four times daily for 3 days) and close wound observation. We consider
      pain, usually associated with varying degrees of skin involvement, to be the only
      indication for surgery. Such a procedure should consist of wide, three
      dimensional excision of all involved tissue, temporary coverage with a biologic
      dressing, and simultaneous harvesting and storage of a split-thickness skin
      graft. Once the wound is clean, delayed application of the graft is performed
      (usually at 2 to 3 days). Not only will this result in immediate pain relief and
      provide safe wound coverage, but it also will not interrupt the patient's
      chemotherapy schedule. Most patients were able to be restarted on their
      chemotherapy shortly after surgery, and none demonstrated a "recall phenomenon."

PMID- 3883379
TI  - Eversion of frown lines.
AB  - A method of everting frown lines by undermining the glabellar area through a
      lower stab wound and suturing the frown line into a ridge with vertical mattress
      sutures tied over small cotton rolls is presented. This has proven 90 percent
      successful over a 2-year follow-up.

PMID- 3883380
TI  - A new, fast surgical knot for skin closures.
AB  - A modified surgeon's knot is proposed. Tying is based on twisting the throws
      instead of laying them down flat. The second (granny) throw is snugged against
      the first in a locking manner. The knot is tied rapidly by needleholder and is
      particularly useful for skin sutures with monofilament thread.

PMID- 3883381
TI  - Kenneth L. Pickrell, M.D.

PMID- 3883382
TI  - The theory and practice of psychiatry in the Soviet Union.
AB  - In this paper I shall present some of the salient features of Soviet psychiatry.
      I shall first explore the main currents in the history of Russian and Soviet
      psychiatry, which provide the foundation for the contemporary theory and practice
      of psychiatry in the Soviet Union. This will be followed by a discussion of the
      training and research interests of the Soviet psychiatric profession. Much of
      this analysis is based on both the published Soviet psychiatric literature and
      interviews with psychiatrists from the Soviet Union, which I have been conducting
      over the last several years.

PMID- 3883383
TI  - The effects of child abuse as seen in adults: George Orwell.
AB  - The author presents the case of a patient who showed the massive defensive
      effects seen in people who were abused in childhood. These effects are similar to
      those described in George Orwell's 1984 and in his autobiographical writings:
      denial and "doublethink"; masochistic submission to the tormentor; turning of
      anger against the self and loving "Big Brother"; identifying with the abuser and
      tormenting others; a burgeoning of anal mechanisms and obsessive phenomena that
      results in a massive isolation of affects; excessive emotional control alongside
      outbursts of rage. The interference with memory and emotions compromises identity
      and humanity. The unforseeable evolution of innate gifts in a child sometimes
      permits a partial transcendence of these crippling defenses, as Orwell partially
      transcended what appears to have been the emotional deprivation of his childhood
      and what he felt to have been the abuse of his schoolboy years.

PMID- 3883385
TI  - Descartes and psychosomatic medicine.

PMID- 3883384
TI  - New horizons for psychosomatic medicine.

PMID- 3883386
TI  - Personality characteristics and renin in essential hypertension.
AB  - There may be specific personality differences between some if not all
      biochemically defined subgroups of patients with essential hypertension. A newly
      standardized projective test of reactions to frustration, a questionnaire related
      to such characteristics as aggressiveness and dominance, and a standardized
      interview were applied to 16 patients with established high renin essential
      hypertension and 21 patients of similar age with normal renin. High renin
      patients are significantly less assertive, fail to externalize their aggression,
      perceive frustration less and try to please others more; they have a stronger
      need to solve problems immediately yet tend to deny social conflicts. These
      tendencies are likely to create internal conflict and indicate a psychosomatic
      component in high renin essential hypertension.

PMID- 3883388
TI  - Impairment of vagal function in reflux oesophagitis.
AB  - Autonomic nervous function in reflux oesophagitis was assessed by measuring the
      response of the lower oesophageal sphincter to abdominal compression, gastric
      secretory response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and pulse rate variability
      with respiration. Rise in intra-abdominal pressure normally causes an increase in
      lower oesophageal sphincter pressure through a vagally mediated mechanism. In 59
      of 83 patients with reflux oesophagitis the sphincter response was subnormal, and
      this was commoner in older patients but was unrelated to the presence of a hiatal
      hernia. During oesophageal acid perfusion, the onset of pain, but not that of
      disordered motility, was delayed in those with an abnormal sphincter response
      suggesting impairment of afferent autonomic function. Efferent gastric vagal
      function, assessed by the gastric secretory response to insulin induced
      hypoglycaemia and expressed as a ratio of the maximal acid output after
      pentagastrin, was subnormal in 15 of 27 patients with reflux oesophagitis. Pulse
      rate variability with deep respiration, an indicator of one aspect of non
      alimentary vagal function, was subnormal in 18 of 62 patients with reflux
      oesophagitis. There was no correlation between abnormalities in these three tests
      of vagal function or with the severity of oesophagitis. These findings suggest
      that vagal impairment is common in reflux oesophagitis. As impairment of vagal
      function is not confined to the alimentary system it is unlikely to be simply a
      consequence of reflux oesophagitis and may be important in the pathogenesis of
      gastro-oesophageal reflux.

PMID- 3883387
TI  - Medical complications of spinal cord injury.
AB  - Recent medical advances have greatly improved the prognosis for people who
      sustain spinal cord injury (about 10 000 people initially survive spinal cord
      injury each year in the US). Physicians may become involved with the acute care
      of spinal cord injured persons or care for complications which develop later.
      Certain conditions such as heterotopic bone formation and autonomic dysreflexia
      are seen almost exclusively in this group of patients; other complications such
      as urinary tract and soft tissue infections occur quite often. Common medical
      complications of spinal cord injured persons are reviewed, as well as their
      diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 3883389
TI  - Conservation of tooth structure in restorative dentistry.

PMID- 3883390
TI  - Etched cast restorations.

PMID- 3883391
TI  - Tissue integrated dental prostheses.

PMID- 3883392
TI  - Current status of shade selection and color matching.

PMID- 3883393
TI  - Etched porcelain veneers: the current state of the art.

PMID- 3883394
TI  - Orthodontics in the mid-1980s.

PMID- 3883395
TI  - Influence of different inhibitors on the activity of the RAD54 dependent step of
      DNA repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The recombinagenic pathway of DNA repair in yeast was characterized by the effect
      of different inhibitors on the temperature-dependent survival after gamma
      irradiation in haploid cells of the thermoconditional mutant rad54-3. Blocking
      protein synthesis with cycloheximide in replicating cells caused partial
      inhibition of the RAD54 dependent function but some repair activity remained
      detectable. This indicates that gamma-rays can induce RAD54 activity above some
      constitutive level of function. Inhibition of DNA replication by hydroxyurea
      efficiently blocked the RAD54 dependent function in stationary-phase cells but
      not in logarithmic-phase cells. In logarithmic-phase cells, we found a strong
      inhibitory effect of caffeine on the RAD54 mediated repair process.

PMID- 3883396
TI  - Effect of continuous, whole-body gamma irradiation upon canine
      lymphohematopoietic (CFU-GM, CFU-L) progenitors and a possible hematopoietic
      regulatory population.
AB  - Clonogenic assays for granulocytes-macrophages (CFU-GM) in bone marrow and for T
      lymphocytes (CFU-L) in peripheral blood were performed on dogs continuously
      exposed to 60Co irradiation (0.02, 0.04, or 0.11 Gy/day). When decreased numbers
      of CFU-GM were observed they correlated well with the clinical status of the dogs
      but were not generally associated with increasing cumulative doses of absorbed
      irradiation. In clinically normal, irradiated animals, decreased CFU-GM values
      and myeloid-erythroid ratios were observed, suggesting that chronic irradiation
      may affect the granulocytic series well before decreased peripheral blood values
      are seen. In hypocellular dogs the number of CFU-GM were significantly decreased
      compared to values obtained from control or clinically normal irradiated dogs,
      while virtually no CFU-GM were observed in the leukemic dogs. Only the CFU-GM
      values of the hypocellular group showed an association, e.g., a suggestion of an
      abortive regenerative effort, with increasing absorbed dose. Proliferative
      capacity of T lymphocytes (CFU-L) was not affected by either increasing absorbed
      irradiation or the presence of leukemia. D0 values were determined on marrow
      fibroblastic cells to ascertain whether a radioresistant subpopulation of stromal
      elements would result from continuous in vivo irradiation. No correlation was
      found between absorbed dose and increased D0 values. However, seven of eight dogs
      which developed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia displayed marrow fibroblastic cells
      with elevated D0 values. These radioresistant marrow fibroblastic cells were
      assayed for their ability to support normal granulopoiesis and found to be not
      significantly different from control fibroblasts.

PMID- 3883397
TI  - Randomness of base substitution mutations induced in the lacI gene of Escherichia
      coli by ionizing radiation.
AB  - The lacI system of Escherichia coli provides a method for monitoring mutational
      events at a large number of sites. Using this system, we have previously
      determined the mutational spectra for gamma-ray and beta-particle emissions
      resulting from the decay of tritium. Analysis of these mutational spectra reveals
      that base substitution mutations induced by ionizing radiation are distributed
      nearly randomly throughout the lacI gene and include all detectable substitution
      events. The distribution of ionizing radiation-induced mutagenesis is similar to
      the low frequency of occurrence mutational events induced by other SOS-dependent
      mutagens. The lack of an apparent nonrandom or high frequency of occurrence
      component seen with other SOS-dependent mutagens can be best explained as the
      result of the random interaction of ionizing radiation with the DNA bases leading
      to production of a variety of base substitutions.

PMID- 3883399
TI  - [Estimation of the probability parameters for a model of radiation inactivation
      of cells from experimental survival curves].
AB  - A simple method is proposed for estimation of a and b parameters of the
      probability model of radiation inactivation of cells with a reference to the
      experimental survival curves. The examples of such an estimation for bacteria,
      yeast, and mammalian cells are discussed.

PMID- 3883400
TI  - [Nomograms for determining the parameters for a probabilistic model of
      radiosensitivity].
AB  - Nomograms are introduced for the determination, from the experimental survival
      curves, of a and b parameters of the probabilistic model of cell radiosensitivity
      (proposed by Kapul'tsevich, 1978). The parameter errors are estimated too. Some
      examples of using these nomograms for bacteria, yeast and mammalian cells are
      considered.

PMID- 3883398
TI  - [Effect of alpha-irradiation on sensitive and super resistant mutants of
      Escherichia coli].
AB  - A study was made of the sensitivity of E. coli (the wild type, rec A13 and Gamr
      444 mutants) to gamma- and alpha-radiation. The most pronounced differences in
      radiosensitivity of the strains under study were noted with gamma-radiation. The
      sensitivity of the studied strains to alpha-radiation was levelled. The authors
      discuss the mechanisms of the effects observed in various E. coli strains exposed
      to ionizing radiation of different LET.

PMID- 3883401
TI  - [Recovery of yeast cells following the combined action of hyperthermia and
      ionizing radiation].
AB  - Consecutive action of elevated temperature (50 degrees C) and gamma-irradiation
      on yeast cells Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied. It was shown that yeast
      cells can recover from lethal thermal and radiation lesions after the combined
      action of the two factors. The efficiency of recovery does not depend upon the
      sequence of treatments. Heating (50 degrees C) before or after gamma-irradiation
      increases the radiation response of yeast when plating the cells on a nutrient
      agar containing 1.5 M KCl. The synergistic effect decreases with yeast cells kept
      in water at 28 degrees C before plating. The influence of one factor on the
      effectiveness of recovery from damages induced by the other was estimated.

PMID- 3883403
TI  - Symposium on ultrasonography of small parts.

PMID- 3883402
TI  - [Antioxidative activity of plasma membrane lipids of liver cells and its change
      after irradiation].
AB  - Antioxidative activity (AOA) of lipids was revealed in plasma membranes of rat
      liver cells. The dynamics of its change after total-body X- irradiation with a
      dose 7.65 Gy was followed up. The authors discuss the relationship between the
      disorders in AOA and lipid content of surface membranes of liver cells in the
      exposed body and their role in radiation membrane effects.

PMID- 3883405
TI  - Physics of high-resolution ultrasound--practical aspects.
AB  - The role of ultrasonography in the imaging of superficially located structures is
      enhanced by the appropriate application of basic physical principles. Emphasis is
      placed on the understanding of axial and lateral resolution, variable and dynamic
      focusing systems, and fluid-path scanners. Knowledge of these principles is
      useful in daily practice and in the evaluation of new equipment.

PMID- 3883404
TI  - Abdominal and miscellaneous applications of intraoperative ultrasound.
AB  - Intraoperative sonography is rapidly becoming a key diagnostic tool within the
      operative suite. Important applications are defined within the abdomen, vascular
      system, and other regions of the body. Intraoperative scanning may better define
      the normal anatomy and target pathology than preoperative studies. As with
      neurosurgical applications of intraoperative ultrasound, with the use of high
      resolution, high-frequency real-time transducers, multiple transducer frequencies
      within one probe, and probe shapes specifically designed for certain types of
      operations, it is anticipated that the surgical use of intraoperative ultrasound
      will greatly increase in the future.

PMID- 3883406
TI  - Vascular ultrasonography.
AB  - Vascular ultrasonography is now widely employed in the noninvasive screening of
      patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease. To date, radiologists have
      concentrated their efforts on the extracranial carotid arteries, but skills and
      technology developed in this area clearly have applicability elsewhere.
      Understanding of the physiologic parameters governing blood flow to the lower
      extremity is clearly useful in this day of interventional balloon angioplasty.
      There appears to be no single best test for noninvasive assessment of vascular
      disease, although each has its proponents and detractors. No single noninvasive
      technique described in this article appears to be a totally adequate screening
      test. Each has its strengths and limitations, but if one understands the
      different tests their complementary nature becomes clear. Utilization of a
      battery of noninvasive tests has been advocated, and various studies have
      suggested that when the results of two or more noninvasive tests agree, the
      diagnostic accuracy of that study increases significantly. In most noninvasive
      laboratories, at least two tests are performed, and in some noninvasive
      laboratories, as many as seven or eight tests are done. There is, of course, the
      danger that too much information may overwhelm the examiner, particularly when
      there may appear to be conflict among some of the test results. Furthermore, cost
      considerations and concern as to whether more is indeed better place realistic
      limitations on the number of studies that can and should be performed on any one
      individual. The choice of the most appropriate noninvasive tests for any single
      institution should be facilitated by a knowledge of the basic principles and
      strategies of vascular sonography outlined in this article.

PMID- 3883407
TI  - Thyroid and parathyroid ultrasonography.
AB  - The introduction of high-resolution real-time small-parts sonography has made
      imaging the superficial structures of the neck a practical procedure. This
      article reviews the normal anatomy of the neck as well as the benign and
      malignant diseases affecting the thyroid and parathyroid glands.

PMID- 3883408
TI  - Sonography of the spine and spinal cord.
AB  - Sonography has proved to be a valuable method for the examination of the spine in
      children with spinal dysraphism. It facilitates the diagnosis of meningocele,
      lipoma, and/or spinal cord tethering rapidly and noninvasively. It is suggested
      that sonography be utilized for screening infants with neurocutaneous signature
      of spinal dysraphism.

PMID- 3883409
TI  - [Possible causes of gas in the urinary tract].
AB  - During diagnostic procedures for various diseases, five patients underwent
      intravenous pyelograms which showed gas formations in the collector system, in
      absence of acute symptoms. Laboratory chemical, bacteriologic and radiologic
      examinations explained the origin of these gas formations. In one patient with
      diabetes mellitus and in another with an oesophageal neoplasm, infections were
      caused by gas forming bacteria. In three cases, bladder fistula formations were
      present by Crohn's disease, colon diverticulosis and a gynecological malignancy.

PMID- 3883410
TI  - [Improvement of arteriography technics by new thin catheters].
AB  - New, small, polyurethane French 4 and French 5 sized catheters with a
      commensurately large lumen are described. In combination with DSA they allow low
      doses of contrast media in renal insufficiency and facilitate selective and
      superselective manipulations. The high flow specification also permits use in
      "conventional" angiography.

PMID- 3883411
TI  - Adrenal abscess in the neonate.
AB  - Adrenal abscess in the neonate is a rare complication of adrenal hemorrhage. The
      radiographic and clinical findings of 12 previously published cases and two new
      cases of adrenal abscess in the newborn are presented. Sonography was the most
      helpful examination in distinguishing a suprarenal lesion from an intrarenal
      lesion and in demonstrating the morphology of the abscess.

PMID- 3883412
TI  - Extravascular lung water: effects of intravenous ionic and non-ionic (lopamidol)
      contrast media during ischemia.
AB  - Intravenous injections of ionic contrast media increase extravascular lung water
      in patients with elevated left atrial pressure, particularly in the presence of
      myocardial ischemia. The authors compared bolus injections of sodium
      methylglucamine diatrizoate and iopamidol on extravascular lung water at several
      levels of left atrial pressure in dogs. Methylglucamine increased lung water by a
      maximum of approximately 25-30% above baseline levels at low (less than 3 mm Hg),
      moderate (approximately equal to 15 mm Hg), and elevated left atrial pressures
      (greater than or equal to 25 mm Hg). At matched pressures, the peak change in
      lung water in the dogs given iopamidol was +4%, +7%, and +6%, respectively. In
      dogs with myocardial ischemia, the differences were even more pronounced (+45%,
      +60%, and +70%, respectively, for ionic media, and +7%, +12%, and +21% for
      iopamidol). The authors caution against using ionic contrast media in patients
      with left ventricular dysfunction, particularly associated with ischemia. In such
      cases, non-ionic media appear safer.

PMID- 3883413
TI  - The thyroid gland with low uptake lesions: evaluation by ultrasound.
AB  - An ultrasound examination was performed in 401 patients who had isotopically
      cold, solitary lesions of the thyroid gland. Of the parameters studied, the level
      of echoes was the most useful in making the sonographic diagnosis: the rate of
      malignancy was extremely low both in hyperechoic and echo-free lesions. The
      presence of a peripheral, complete "halo" appeared to be helpful in
      differentiating benign lesions from malignant lesions. Approximately 20-25% of
      the lesions thought to be solitary on the radionuclide study were found to be
      multinodular on US. When fine-needle aspiration biopsy was used with US the need
      for surgical exploration of the thyroid gland was obviated in selected cases.

PMID- 3883414
TI  - Videodensitometric ejection fractions from intravenous digital subtraction left
      ventriculograms: correlation with conventional direct contrast and radionuclide
      ventriculography.
AB  - Forty-three patients who had undergone direct-contrast ventriculography were
      submitted to intravenous digital subtraction ventriculography and first-pass
      radionuclide ventriculography to compare the left ventricular ejection fractions
      obtained by each method. Ejection fractions were calculated by the area-length
      method from the direct contrast ventriculograms, by both area-length and
      videodensitometric methods from the digital subtraction ventriculograms, and by
      count densitometry from the radionuclide ventriculograms. Satisfactory
      correlations were found between values obtained by the late mask resubtracted
      videodensitometric method and the radionuclide method (r = 0.85) and by the
      digital ventriculographic area length method and direct-contrast method (r =
      0.88). Videodensitometric methods may be an alternative way to estimate left
      ventricular ejection fractions accurately without reliance on geometric
      assumptions about the shape of the left ventricular cavity.

PMID- 3883415
TI  - Parathyroid aspiration biopsy under ultrasound guidance in the postoperative
      hyperparathyroid patient.
AB  - A 10-MHz high-resolution dedicated small parts scanner and a static 5-MHz digital
      scanner were used in the ultrasound (US) examination of 11 patients with
      hyperparathyroidism who had previously undergone surgery of the parathyroid
      (eight patients) or thyroid (three patients) gland. Using US localization,
      aspiration biopsies were performed successfully in nine patients: parathyroid
      disease was confirmed in seven patients and thyroid lesions in two. Inadequate
      aspirate was obtained in one patient; in another patient a biopsy was done
      successfully under CT guidance following a negative US examination. The authors
      conclude that high-resolution US is an effective tool for guiding the aspiration
      biopsy of nonpalpable parathyroid tumors in patients who have had neck surgery.
      They suggest modifications of the US equipment that would simplify the
      localization procedure.

PMID- 3883416
TI  - The spine and spinal cord during neurosurgical operations: real-time
      ultrasonography.
AB  - Intraoperative ultrasound scanning of the spinal cord and spine was performed
      during 36 operations in 35 patients. The technique allows neurosurgeons to
      evaluate an operative procedure during the operation. Effectiveness of shunt
      placement in syringomyelia can be detected and the completeness of tumor or disk
      removal can be determined. Precise locations for biopsy of intramedullary lesions
      can be made. Periodic motion of the spinal cord at the cardiac rate was also
      detected. This motion was usually due to transmitted pulsations from the anterior
      spinal artery and appeared to be most pronounced when the artery was compressed
      between a mass and the spinal cord. This finding refutes the commonly held idea
      that spinal cord motion implies that the cord is free within the thecal sac.

PMID- 3883417
TI  - The distal femoral epiphyseal ossification center in the assessment of third
      trimester menstrual age: sonographic identification and measurement.
AB  - The distal femoral epiphyseal secondary ossification center (DFE), which can be
      reliably identified and measured sonographically, may assist the sonologist in
      predicting third-trimester menstrual age. Between 28 and 35 menstrual weeks, the
      percentage of fetuses with a DFE progressively increases. Although the mean age
      at DFE appearance is approximately 32-33 menstrual weeks, the DFE may be seen as
      early as 29 menstrual weeks. Nevertheless, the age of a fetus without an
      identifiable DFE is most likely less than or equal to 34 menstrual weeks.
      Measurements of the DFE show that its size increases linearly: the menstrual age
      of a fetus whose DFE measures greater than or equal to 7mm is most likely greater
      than or equal to 37 weeks.

PMID- 3883418
TI  - Amnionicity and chorionicity in twin pregnancies: prediction using ultrasound.
AB  - A total of 66 twin pregnancies was studied antenatally with ultrasound, followed
      up clinically, and the placentae examined pathologically to determine if, solely
      on the basis of antenatal sonography, an accurate assessment of amnionicity and
      chorionicity could be made. Sonographic features noted included number of
      placental sites, whether a membrane separating the fetuses could be visualized,
      fetal position and amount of amniotic fluid, and in some cases fetal positioning
      vis-a-vis each other and the uterine wall. Documentation of two placental sites
      confirms the presence of a dichorionic and, therefore, a diamniotic pregnancy.
      Documentation of a membrane separating the fetuses confirms the presence of a
      diamniotic pregnancy; lack of visualization of a separating membrane does not
      reliably predict, but does suggest, a monoamniotic pregnancy. Other features
      frequently assist in prediction of amnionicity, chorionicity, and zygosity; the
      most helpful of these was the "stuck twin" sign, in which one twin moved freely
      but the other remained in a fixed position adjacent to the sidewall of the uterus
      despite changes in maternal positioning, indicating the presence of a
      nonvisualized membrane. Presence of absence of entanglement or intermingling of
      fetal parts or umbilical cords may also be helpful. In the absence of such
      sonographic features, antenatal sonographic diagnosis of a monoamniotic pregnancy
      cannot be made reliably.

PMID- 3883419
TI  - Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of clubfoot.
AB  - Five cases of congenital clubfoot diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound are
      reported. The incidence of clubfoot may be higher within an affected family and
      may be associated with other structural anomalies or chromosomal abnormalities.
      Identifying a clubfoot in utero should therefore alert the sonographer that other
      anomalies may be present and should lead to a detailed structural survey.

PMID- 3883420
TI  - Chronic pancreatitis: ultrasonic features.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 84 ultrasound examinations (in 77 patients) was
      performed to assess the frequency of sonographic findings in chronic
      pancreatitis. The findings included: inhomogeneously increased echogenicity in
      53% of these examinations, focal or diffuse enlargement in 41%, focal dense
      echoes in 40%, pseudocyst formation in 21%, and a hypoechoic head mass in 7%.
      Thirteen per cent of our patients had a normal sonogram. Several presentations of
      chronic pancreatitis not previously described in the sonographic literature
      included: pancreatic or common bile duct enlargement or pseudocyst formation with
      otherwise normal-appearing glands. There was no direct relationship between the
      presence of focal high-intensity echoes within the pancreatic parenchyma and the
      presence of radiographic calcification. There was no difference in the frequency
      of ultrasonic abnormalities between patients with and without clinical evidence
      of pancreatic insufficiency. These results indicate that the sonographic findings
      in chronic pancreatitis are significantly more varied than previous reports would
      indicate.

PMID- 3883421
TI  - Temporomandibular joint arthrography: comparison of morbidity with ionic and low
      osmolality contrast media.
AB  - We compared patient morbidity associated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
      arthrography using both meglumine/sodium diatrizoate (60%) and the new monoacidic
      dimer, Hexabrix, in a double-blind randomized clinical trial in 31 patients.
      Patients experienced maximal discomfort from TMJ arthrography with the initial
      joint filling and joint distension; this rapidly resolved over 10 minutes.
      Delayed exacerbation of pain is less than described for shoulder arthrography.
      The newer contrast media promise to decrease patient morbidity with arthrography.

PMID- 3883422
TI  - Re: Ascites: comparison of plain radiographs with ultrasonograms.

PMID- 3883423
TI  - Emphysema in the renal allograft.
AB  - Two diabetic patients in whom emphysematous pyelonephritis developed after renal
      transplantation are described. Clinical recognition of this unusual and serious
      infection is masked by the effects of immunosuppression. Abdominal radiographic,
      ultrasound, and computed tomography findings are discussed. The clinical
      presentation includes urinary tract infection, sepsis, and acute tubular
      malfunction of the allograft in insulin-dependent diabetics.

PMID- 3883424
TI  - Adventitial cystic disease of the popliteal artery.
AB  - Adventitial cystic disease of the popliteal artery is an unusual condition of
      uncertain etiology in which a mucin-containing cyst forms in the wall of the
      popliteal artery and causes symptoms of intermittent claudication, typically in
      young adults whose arteries are otherwise normal. Arteriography
      characteristically shows a smooth-walled, curvilinear narrowing. In the case
      described, a combination of findings from arteriography, computed tomography, and
      ultrasound resulted in a highly specific preoperative diagnosis.

PMID- 3883425
TI  - Breast lesions examined by digital angiography. Work in progress.
AB  - Differentiation of benign from malignant lesions in screening for breast cancer
      is usually arrived at via surgical biopsy, an invasive and costly procedure.
      Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of the breast is a less invasive procedure.
      DSA imaging patterns from 22 patients with malignant and benign lesions were
      compared with surgical biopsy findings. DSA examinations were performed with the
      breast in an immobilization device and contrast medium was injected into the
      superior vena cava. Images were produced with a low kilovoltage (50 kVp) to
      enhance contrast, and a technique yielding an average dose to the breast of less
      than 2 rad (0.02 Gy) was used. Preliminary clinical results demonstrate the
      potential of DSA for differentiation of benign and malignant lesions and justify
      further investigations of its use as an alternative to surgical biopsy.

PMID- 3883427
TI  - [Jerne, Kohler and Milstern: Nobel prize winners and their work].

PMID- 3883428
TI  - [Work of Dr. Robert Merrifield, with special reference to the development of
      solid phase peptide synthesis].

PMID- 3883426
TI  - [Stimulative production of plasminogen activator in endothelial cells with
      various inducers including phytosterol].

PMID- 3883429
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of 6-keto-PGF1-alpha in canine coronary
      vasculature.
AB  - The localization of the prostacyclin metabolite, 6-keto-PGF1-alpha, in canine
      coronary vasculature was accomplished using immunohistochemical techniques
      (avidin-biotin method of immunoperoxidase staining). Six-keto-PGF1-alpha was
      localized to the intimal endothelial cell layer of epicardial and intramyocardial
      arteries and veins. No specific staining was seen in the the media or adventitia
      of canine coronary vasculature, or in capillaries, or myocardial fibers. To our
      knowledge these studies represent the first immunohistochemical demonstration of
      the endothelial cell localization of the prostacyclin metabolite, 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha. The described technique allows the cellular localization of prostaglandin
      metabolites in histologic sections.

PMID- 3883430
TI  - Production of prostaglandins by dispersed cells and fragments from bovine
      parathyroid glands.
AB  - We studied the production of prostaglandins by fragments and dispersed cells from
      bovine parathyroid glands. Fragments released 138 +/- 19 (SE), 132 +/- 21, 4.3 +/
      0.5, and 13 +/- 6.6 pg/mg/h of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, PGE2, and
      thromboxane B2, respectively (n = 7 - 26), while dispersed cells released 414 +/-
      110, 22 +/- 7.3, 27 +/- 3.8, and 29 +/- 11 pg/10(6) cells/h, respectively, of the
      same compounds (n = 6 - 25). Indomethacin (1 microgram/ml) inhibited the release
      of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha by 80-90% in fragments and cells, while mellitin stimulated
      release of this prostaglandin, suggesting de novo synthesis of prostaglandins in
      these preparations. Calcium stimulated production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha by 1.3
      fold in cells and 2.6-fold in fragments and also enhanced production of PGF2
      alpha by 1.9-fold in fragments. Isoproterenol, on the other hand, had no effect
      on production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in either preparation. These results
      demonstrate that parathyroid tissue as well as parathyroid cells per se produce a
      variety of prostaglandins. We have previously shown that PGE2 and PGF2 alpha
      modulate cAMP accumulation and PTH release in dispersed bovine parathyroid cells.
      The role of the endogenous production of prostaglandins by the parathyroid gland
      in the acute or chronic regulation of parathyroid function, however, remains to
      be determined.

PMID- 3883431
TI  - [Freud, Groddeck and the history of the id].

PMID- 3883432
TI  - Bracing and reciprocation in removable partial denture design.

PMID- 3883433
TI  - Posts for posteriors: an indirect casting technique.

PMID- 3883434
TI  - Casting without metal rings for unimpeded expansion of the investment mold.

PMID- 3883435
TI  - A review of ceramo-metal substructure design principles.

PMID- 3883436
TI  - An update on clasp design for removable partial dentures.

PMID- 3883437
TI  - A modified drop wax technique.

PMID- 3883438
TI  - Recent developments in dental ceramics.

PMID- 3883440
TI  - Model construction, wax-up and casting for quality fixed restorations. (I).

PMID- 3883439
TI  - Emerging changes in dental laboratory materials.

PMID- 3883441
TI  - Prophylactic administration of indomethacin for irradiation esophagitis.
AB  - This is a double-blind study in which 14 randomly selected patients treated for
      lung cancer by irradiation, were receiving indomethacin, while 14 patients
      treated also by irradiation served as controls. The purpose of the study was to
      investigate a possible protective effect of the drug in irradiation esophagitis.
      The esophagus was included in the irradiation field in all patients. Histologic
      findings of esophagitis were not different in the two groups. However, endoscopic
      esophagitis and symptomatology were milder in the patients who received
      indomethacin.

PMID- 3883442
TI  - Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular risk factors.
AB  - This chapter reviews epidemiologic evidence relating alcohol consumption to the
      cardiovascular risk factors of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and
      blood pressure. Alcohol consumption shows a linear dose-response relationship
      with HDL-cholesterol that is independent of other known determinants of HDL
      cholesterol. The effect of alcohol on HDL-cholesterol appears to be reversible.
      The relationship of alcohol consumption to HDL-cholesterol subfractions and to
      the HDL apoproteins is not clear. Alcohol consumption also shows a linear dose
      response relationship with blood pressure. Although the association is
      consistent, the estimated effect of alcohol consumption on blood pressure is
      small. This effect of alcohol may also be reversible. No biological mechanisms
      have been established for these associations. Some of the effect of alcohol on
      the risk of coronary heart disease may be explained by the effects of alcohol on
      these risk factors. It remains to be determined if alcohol also exerts an effect
      that is independent of these risk factors.

PMID- 3883443
TI  - Myocardial effects of alcohol abuse. Clinical and physiologic consequences.
AB  - The clinical and physiologic characteristics of alcohol-associated cardiomyopathy
      are presented. These data presented consist of a review of the signs, symptoms,
      prognosis, and electrocardiographic and physiologic effects of alcohol
      administration or use. In addition, the histologic appearance of the heart muscle
      in alcohol-associated myocardial disease is described.

PMID- 3883444
TI  - The continuity hypothesis: the relationship of long-term alcoholism to the
      Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
AB  - Although alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome has traditionally been considered an
      acute disorder related to a nutritional deficiency, recent evidence demonstrating
      that ethanol may be neurotoxic has raised the possibility that the perceptual,
      problem-solving, and memory deficits associated with this chronic neurological
      disorder may develop slowly over decades of alcohol abuse. A review of the recent
      cognitive literature provides only limited support for this "continuity
      hypothesis." Long-term alcoholics, as with patients with alcoholic Korsakoff's
      syndrome, are impaired on numerous visuoconceptual and learning tasks, but there
      is little or no evidence that the information-processing deficits underlying the
      two patient groups' anterograde memory problems are similar. Furthermore,
      experimental and clinical studies of retrograde amnesia have noted only mild
      remote memory impairments in non-Korsakoff alcoholics as well as clear
      indications that alcoholic Korsakoff patients' severe loss or access to remote
      memories occurs acutely with the onset of Wernicke's encephalopathy. It is
      concluded that while the continuity hypothesis has heuristic value, there is
      still insufficient evidence to place the Korsakoff patient, the detoxified long
      term alcoholic, and the heavy social drinker at different points on a single
      continuum of cognitive impairment.

PMID- 3883446
TI  - High-risk studies of alcoholism. Overview.

PMID- 3883445
TI  - The impact of fathers' drinking on cognitive loss among social drinkers.
AB  - This chapter examines cognitive loss in social drinkers. The question of concern
      is whether the relationship between increased levels of alcohol consumption and
      reduced sober cognitive performance is misspecified. In particular, does reduced
      abstraction performance in social drinkers result from parental heavy drinking
      rather than, as we have proposed, from social drinkers' current use of alcohol.
      Because offspring of alcoholics may be at high risk for cognitive deficits even
      in childhood, these deficits may be transmitted in alcoholic families. Thus, the
      relationship between increased drinking and sober cognitive loss might be
      eliminated if parental drinking is controlled. We report here, however, that the
      effects of current alcohol use on abstraction performance in a representative
      sample of employed men and women cannot be accounted for by fathers' drinking.
      Our findings indicate the need for further research on both the cognitive effects
      of parental drinking and current alcohol use.

PMID- 3883447
TI  - [Crohn disease. Comments on 43 surgical cases].

PMID- 3883448
TI  - [Primary liver cancer].

PMID- 3883449
TI  - [Complications of surgery for obesity. II. Late complications].

PMID- 3883450
TI  - [List of members of the Spanish Society of Digestive Pathology].

PMID- 3883451
TI  - Parental participation in early therapeutic intervention programs for young
      children with cerebral palsy: an unresolved dilemma.

PMID- 3883452
TI  - The effect of undernutrition of beef cows on blood hormone and metabolite
      concentrations post partum.
AB  - Twelve Hereford Friesian cows were allocated to either a high plane (HP) or a low
      plane of nutrition (LP) post-partum. HP animals received rations supplying
      sufficient energy and protein for maintenance plus 10 kg/day milk yield. LP cows
      were offered approximately 70% of their maintenance needs for 63 days post
      partum. Thereafter they received the same ration as the HP animals. A mineral
      vitamin supplement was included in all concentrates fed. Calves were only
      permitted to suckle twice daily and all animals were weighed once weekly. Blood
      samples were taken once daily and the levels of serum progesterone, luteinizing
      hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) estimated. Once weekly blood samples and diurnal
      samples (once fortnightly) were measured for their content of insulin, non
      esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose, total protein, albumin and urea. Oestrus
      was detected by visual observation and by intra vaginal electrical resistivity
      and ovulation was confirmed by rectal palpation. After 110 days all animals were
      synchronized with two injections of prostaglandin. This was followed by fixed
      time insemination at 72 and 96 hours. Time from parturition to first ovulation
      was: HP; 39 +/- 8.7 days; LP, 65,3 +/- 33,2 days. All HP animals showed regular
      cyclic ovarian activity whereas only 3 of the LP cows were normal (LPR). The
      ovarian activity of the remaining LP cows (LPI) was almost completely suppressed.
      Of the animals that cycled normally there was no difference in progesterone
      concentrations between treatments. Average LH concentrations did not differ
      between HP and LP or between LPR and LPI cows. HP cows maintained their body
      weight post-partum whilst the LP lost 21.4 +/- 4.40% by day 63. Milk yield of the
      LPI animals was consistently higher than that of the LPR and it was found that
      the nine regularly cyclic animals had a lower milk yield to body weight ratio
      than those that failed to cycle properly (P less than 0.05). Differences between
      the HP and LP cows were found in relation to insulin, PRL, glucose, NEFA, urea
      and albumin concentrations. No variation in these parameters was observed that
      could explain the divergence in ovarian activity of the LPR and LPI groups.

PMID- 3883453
TI  - Resistance of gnotobiotic large white and Chinese piglets to in vivo attachment
      of a K88ab enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain.
AB  - In vivo adhesion of a K88ab-positive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)
      strain to the small intestinal wall of gnotobiotic, colostrum-deprived Chinese
      and Large White piglets was investigated. A non-enterotoxigenic, attachment
      factor-deprived E. coli strain, inoculated in association with the K88ab ETEC
      strain, was used as a marker to determine the content residues on the intestinal
      walls of gnotobiotic piglets. Both strains were selectively numerated in the
      luminal contents and on the washed wall from three segments of the small
      intestine. In vivo attachment was assessed by the ratio between the number of
      K88ab ETEC adherent to the wall and the number of both the E. coli strains which
      came from the luminal content residues and were not completely removed by
      washing. This ratio was first calculated in one group of 8 Large White piglets
      associated with the marker strain and with a K88ab antigen-deprived E. coli which
      derived from the parental K88ab ETEC strain. Thus, the range of the ratio was
      determined in those piglets where no attachment was expected. A comparison
      between the latter values of the ratio and the values obtained from 15 Large
      White and 10 Chinese piglets inoculated with the marker strain and the K88ab ETEC
      strain allowed us to classify the Large White piglets into adhesive (8 piglets)
      and non-adhesive (7 piglets) phenotypes and to show that the 10 Chinese piglets
      belonged to the non-adhesive phenotype.

PMID- 3883454
TI  - Botulism among penned pheasants and protection by vaccination with C1 toxoid.
AB  - Fifty to 100 per cent of about 8000 penned pheasants raised on a farm in
      Hiroshima Prefecture died annually for three years. Deaths were ascribed to type
      C botulism. Vaccination of four groups of pheasants with partially purified C1
      toxoid effectively protected them against type C botulism. The protective
      efficacy of the toxoid was emphasised by the relatively high susceptibility of
      the pheasant to C1 toxin.

PMID- 3883455
TI  - Immunohistological studies of the local immune system in the reproductive tract
      of the mare.
AB  - The immunoperoxidase technique was adapted for the identification of free
      immunoglobulin and immunoglobulin producing cells in equine tissues. Staining
      specific for free IgG, IgA and IgM was detected at all levels of the reproductive
      tract, and secretory component staining was present in the uterine epithelium but
      not in the oviduct, cervix or vagina. Immunoglobulin producing cells were present
      at all levels of the tract, with IgG and IgA cells at equivalent concentrations,
      but with fewer IgM cells. There was no cyclical trend in free immunoglobulin
      staining, or plasma cell numbers. IgG and IgM plasma cell numbers declined from
      uterus to vagina, as did epithelial staining, and the ratio of IgG:IgA cells
      declined from oviduct to vagina.

PMID- 3883456
TI  - Aspirin in exercise-induced hyperthermia. Evidence for and against its role.

PMID- 3883457
TI  - Hamstring injuries. Proposed aetiological factors, prevention, and treatment.
AB  - Injuries to the hamstring muscles can be devastating to the athlete because these
      injuries frequently heal slowly and have a tendency to recur. It is thought that
      many of the recurrent injuries to the hamstring musculotendinous unit are the
      result of inadequate rehabilitation following the initial injury. The severity of
      hamstring injuries is usually of first or second degree, but occasionally third
      degree injuries (complete rupture of the musculotendinous unit) do occur. Most
      hamstring strain injuries occur while running or sprinting. Several aetiological
      factors have been proposed as being related to injury of the hamstring
      musculotendinous unit. They include: poor flexibility, inadequate muscle strength
      and/or endurance, dyssynergic muscle contraction during running, insufficient
      warm-up and stretching prior to exercise, awkward running style, and a return to
      activity before complete rehabilitation following injury. Treatment for hamstring
      injuries includes rest and immobilisation immediately following injury and then a
      gradually increasing programme of mobilisation, strengthening, and activity.
      Permission to return to athletic competition should be withheld until full
      rehabilitation has been achieved (complete return of muscle strength, endurance,
      and flexibility in addition to a return of co-ordination and athletic agility).
      Failure to achieve full rehabilitation will only predispose the athlete to
      recurrent injury. The best treatment for hamstring injuries is prevention, which
      should include training to maintain and/or improve strength, flexibility,
      endurance, co-ordination, and agility.

PMID- 3883458
TI  - Ammonia as an indicator of exercise stress implications of recent findings to
      sports medicine.
AB  - The role of ammonia in exercise-induced fatigue is reviewed. Implications for
      integrated activity of developing hyperammoneic states, caused by various
      precipitating conditions such as exercise, liver dysfunction, hypoxia, hyperoxia,
      and chemical poisoning are described. The central role of ammonia in diverse
      important metabolic pathways indicates its ubiquitous role in a spectrum of
      activity ranging from elite exhaustive performance of sportsmen and -women to
      life-threatening organ dysfunction. The action of ammonia and metabolites from
      associated pathways in producing seemingly dangerous short term conditions, but
      inducing possible long term protection against degenerative processes associated
      with ageing (free radical-induced cellular damage) indicate the paradoxical
      position of ammonia and its associated metabolic pathways for health and disease
      processes.

PMID- 3883459
TI  - The aetiology of sport injuries. A review of methodologies.
AB  - Although participation in many sporting activities has increased dramatically in
      recent years, the study of injuries sustained during training or participation is
      still in its infancy. The most commonly used strategy is to describe the
      characteristics of a suitable case-series. This approach is relatively easy to
      implement, can be used to estimate the total morbidity load in a population, and
      can identify the relative frequency of various types of injury. However, the case
      series method cannot validly identify risk factors for injury or athletes at high
      risk; similarly, it cannot be used to estimate the absolute level of risk
      associated with sports participation. Finally, the population from which the
      injuries arose is often difficult to identify, and the series may not be
      representative of all injuries occurring in that population, and this may produce
      quite misleading results. In contrast, a variety of epidemiological designs may
      be employed to address questions of aetiology and to identify high risk groups of
      athletes. With careful attention to the underlying population denominators, one
      may estimate the relative or absolute risk of injury for athletes with given risk
      characteristics, defined by type and intensity of their participation in sports
      or by their individual physiology. This is achieved by inclusion of suitable
      control subjects in the epidemiological sample; these controls may be uninjured
      athletes or random samples of the general population. The comparison of injured
      and uninjured groups permits valid inferences to be drawn concerning risk
      factors, avoiding the many potential biases which affect inferences drawn from
      injured athletes only.

PMID- 3883460
TI  - Adaptation to exercise in the cold.
AB  - The winter athlete has several potential tactics for sustaining body temperature
      in the face of severe cold. An increase in the intensity of physical activity may
      be counter-productive because of increased respiratory heat loss, increased air
      or water movement over the body surface, and a pumping of air or water beneath
      the clothing. Shivering can generate heat at a rate of 10 to 15 kJ/min, but it
      impairs skilled performance, while the resultant glycogen usage hastens the onset
      of fatigue and mental confusion. Non-shivering thermogenesis could arise in
      either brown adipose tissue or white fat. Brown adipose tissue generates heat by
      the action of free fatty acids in uncoupling mitochondrial electron transport,
      and by noradrenaline-induced membrane depolarisation and sodium pumping. The
      existence of brown adipose tissue in human adults is controversial, and although
      there are theoretical mechanisms of heat production in white fat, their
      contribution to the maintenance of body temperature is small. Acclimatisation to
      cold develops over the course of about 10 days, and in humans the primary change
      is an insulative, hypothermic type of response; this reflects the intermittent
      nature of most occupational and athletic exposures to cold. Nevertheless, with
      more sustained exposure to cold air or water, humans can apparently develop the
      humoral type of acclimatisation described in small mammals, with an increased
      output of noradrenaline and/or thyroxine. The associated mobilisation of free
      fatty acids suggests the possibility of using winter sport as a pleasant method
      of treating obesity. In men, a combination of moderate exercise and facial
      cooling induces a substantial fat loss over a 1- to 2-week period, with an
      associated ketonuria, proteinuria, and increase of body mass. Possible factors
      contributing to this fat loss include: (a) a small energy deficit; (b) the energy
      cost of synthesising new lean tissue; (c) energy loss through the storage and
      excretion of ketone bodies; (d) catecholamine-induced 'futile' metabolic cycles
      with increased resting metabolism; and (e) a specific reaction to cold
      dehydration. Current limitations for the clinical application of such treatment
      include uncertainty regarding optimal environmental conditions, concern over
      possible pathological reactions to cold, and suggestions of a less satisfactory
      fat mobilisation in female patients. Possible interactions between physical
      fitness and metabolic reactions to cold remain controversial.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3883461
TI  - Exercise, performance and temperature control: temperature regulation during
      exercise and implications for sports performance and training.
AB  - Thermoregulation is an important consideration not only for athletic performance
      but also for the safety of the athlete. This article presents a broad overview of
      the mechanisms by which body heat is dissipated in an individual exercising in a
      hot environment. Particularly emphasised are more recent views of body heat loss
      mechanisms and the influences of non-thermal inputs, such as effects due to
      changing blood volume or blood flow distribution. During exercise in a hot
      environment, metabolic heat produced by the exercising muscles is transported by
      the circulating blood to the surface of the body where it is released to the
      environment, either by radiation and convection or by evaporation of sweat. The
      primary drives for both the increased skin blood flow and increased body sweating
      are the thermal inputs which are sensed by receptors in the deep body core, with
      a lesser drive from skin receptors. These thermal signals are integrated in the
      hypothalamus and proper heat loss responses are effected. When exercise is
      prolonged, however, and body rehydration is not adequate, the total blood volume
      may be compromised. In addition, as the core temperature increases during
      exercise, larger proportions of the blood volume are distributed to the cutaneous
      vessels, thus effectively reducing cardiac return and central blood volume.
      During severe exercise, a reduction in cardiac filling may result in a fall in
      central venous pressure and stimulate baroreceptor vasoconstrictor reflexes. As
      discussed below, the outputs from these baroreceptors compete with and modify the
      thermal drives for both the control of the skin blood flow and control of the
      sweat glands. The effect of high ambient temperatures on exercise performance is
      most evident in prolonged submaximal exercise. Normally, maximal exercise
      performance is not altered by high temperatures unless the individual has an
      elevated deep body temperature before the start of the exercise task. However,
      submaximal exercise performance is often impaired by high ambient temperatures,
      but may be improved by programmes of physical training and heat acclimatisation.
      Both training and heat acclimatisation significantly modify the control systems
      which regulate skin blood flow and sweating. Only acclimatisation programmes,
      however, are effective in preventing heat stress during prolonged exercise in hot
      environments.

PMID- 3883462
TI  - [Psychosomatic genesis of coronary heart disease].

PMID- 3883464
TI  - Factors in creating esthetic restorations.

PMID- 3883463
TI  - A new procedure for all porcelain labial margins.

PMID- 3883465
TI  - RCS micro margins: a simple and effective technique.

PMID- 3883466
TI  - Super ring ringless casting system--proven concepts of precision casting.

PMID- 3883467
TI  - The acid-etched bridge--"a two cast system".

PMID- 3883468
TI  - Haste makes waste: the proper handling of palladium based casting alloys.

PMID- 3883469
TI  - Strategic planning: assessing your organizational strengths and weaknesses.

PMID- 3883470
TI  - [Intermittent mandatory ventilation with nonprogrammed respirators: an experience
      in the immediate postoperative period].

PMID- 3883471
TI  - Computers in nursing education: as important as the 3 Rs.

PMID- 3883472
TI  - Caval occlusion caused by a metastasis of adrenal carcinoma.
AB  - An intracaval metastasis of adrenal carcinoma in a young woman is described.
      Ultrasonography visualised the metastasis effectively. Cavography showed the
      lower margin of the metastasis occluding the vena cava, but not its cranial
      extension.

PMID- 3883473
TI  - [ECG-directed DSA of the pulmonary arteries--technic and initial clinical
      experiences].
AB  - ECG-triggered DSA of the pulmonary arteries enables far-reaching avoidance of
      image artifacts which are due to pulsation. However, trigger delay and image
      duration must be adapted subtly to the individual heart rate. Whereas adaptation
      of trigger delay can be effected via programming of the new generation of
      equipment, further improvements will be necessary to achieve an adequate image
      life or duration of the pulsed irradiation. Experience collected so far has shown
      that ECG-DSA of the pulmonary arteries yields results that are as valid as those
      obtained via perfusion scintigraphy, so that this method can be used in initial
      examination to establish the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. The use of ECG-DSA
      is not indicated in absolute cardiac arrhythmia.

PMID- 3883474
TI  - [Adrenal masses--diagnostic ranking of methods].
AB  - The ultrasonographic, computertomographic and angiographic findings of 87
      patients with adrenal tumours were analysed retrospectively. Histologically, 16
      adrenal adenomas, 6 carcinomas, 4 cysts, 5 pheochromocytomas, 3 neuroblastomas
      and 1 myelolipoma were found. Adrenal metastases were present in 52 cases.
      Dependent on clinical symptoms and the expected pathological findings, the
      radiological procedure varies. The diagnostic accuracy of the various methods is
      compared.

PMID- 3883475
TI  - [The pelvicaliceal system in the sonogram--distinction between physiological and
      pathological dilatation].
AB  - Dilatation of the pelvicalyceal system was documented in volunteers with healthy
      kidneys in whom renal excretation was increased by means of a variety of methods.
      As a rule, the proximal ureter is not visualised. In mild or moderate urinary
      obstruction, however, the ureter is almost always visible, and stasis is mostly
      unilateral. Although sonography is a method of good sensitivity, the excretory
      urogram remains an essential diagnostic tool in the examination of the
      pelvicalyceal and ureteral systems.

PMID- 3883476
TI  - [Diagnosis of abdominal contusions].

PMID- 3883477
TI  - [Duodenopancreatic contusions].

PMID- 3883478
TI  - [3H]ouabain binding and sodium content in lymphocyte sub-populations and the
      demonstration of increased binding in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The number of specific [3H]ouabain binding sites in T-lymphocytes was determined
      and linear Scatchard plots were obtained. The number of sites was 30088 +/- 3039
      (mean +/- SD) per lymphocyte in 14 healthy males and 33939 +/- 3185 in 11 males
      with type 2 diabetes (P less than 0.01). No difference between the dissociation
      constants were found (Kd = 3.91 and 3.86 mmol/l). The number of binding sites in
      lymphocytes from 15 healthy males with normal glucose tolerance but with a strong
      family history of type 2 diabetes did not differ from the controls. In T
      lymphocytes a significantly higher number of specific ouabain binding sites was
      found than in non-T-lymphocytes (P less than 0.01). There was no difference
      between the dissociation constants. (Kd = 3.69 and 3.97 mmol/l). Intra
      lymphocytic sodium was measured in 18 healthy individuals and the mean content
      was 8.1 +/- 2.3 mmol/kg lymphocytes. A lower content of sodium in T- compared to
      non-T-lymphocytes was also found (5.9 +/- 0.8 mmol/kg vs 15.5 +/- 0.8 mmol/kg, P
      less than 0.001). There was no correlation between lymphocytes and erythrocytes
      concerning [3H]ouabain binding sites or sodium concentration.

PMID- 3883479
TI  - Determination of cholesteryl sulphate by isotope dilution-mass spectrometry for
      diagnosis of steroid sulphatase deficiency.
AB  - A specific and accurate method for determination of cholesteryl sulphate in serum
      based on isotope dilution-mass spectrometry has been developed. 2H-labelled
      cholesteryl sulphate was synthesized and used as internal standard. After
      addition of the internal standard to serum, the cholesteryl sulphate is extracted
      with butanol and purified by thin-layer chromatography. The material is then
      solvolysed, converted into trimethylsilyl ether, and analysed by combined gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry. The ratio between unlabelled and labelled
      cholesterol is determined by selected ion monitoring of the ions at m/e 458
      (corresponding to the molecular ion of derivative of unlabelled cholesterol) and
      m/e 465 (corresponding to the molecular ion of derivative of 2H7-labelled
      cholesterol). The concentration of cholesteryl sulphate is calculated with use of
      a standard curve. The coefficient of variation of the method was found to vary
      between 4% and 9% in different concentration ranges. Nine healthy male infants
      (age range, 1-3 yr) had concentrations of cholesteryl sulphate varying between
      0.2 and 11 mumol/l (mean, 3.8 mumol/l). A boy with suspected steroid sulphatase
      deficiency had a concentration of cholesteryl sulphate of 69 and 64 mumol/l at
      the age of 12 and 18 months, respectively.

PMID- 3883480
TI  - Treatment of therapy-resistant Sezary syndrome with Cyclosporin-A: suppression of
      pruritus, leukaemic T cell activation markers and tumour mass.
AB  - A patient with Sezary's syndrome resistant to conventional therapy was
      successfully treated with Cyclosporin-A (CyA) for 14 months. Pre-treatment in
      vitro studies showed that the leukaemic T cells were sensitive to therapeutic
      concentrations of CyA. The patient's pruritus disappeared promptly after 2 d of
      treatment. The positive effect of CyA on the pruritus was related to the dose and
      plasma concentrations of the drug. Analysis of leukaemic cell surface markers
      using monoclonal antibodies showed that episodes of pruritus were correlated with
      the appearance of cells expressing the T cell "activation" markers interferon-
      gamma (IFN-gamma) and HLA-DR. This indicated that CyA may control pruritus by
      suppressing the production/release of lymphokines. Immunohistochemical staining
      of repeated skin biopsies demonstrated a reduction of infiltrating T cells.
      Clinically, this was correlated with an improved skin status and a partial
      regress of palpable lymph node size. Apart from an initial reversible drop in the
      circulating helper/suppressor T cell ratio, the number of circulating Sezary
      cells was unaltered during CyA treatment. After 5 months, higher doses of CyA
      were needed to control symptoms, and this was correlated wit with partial drug
      resistance also in vitro.

PMID- 3883481
TI  - Development of natural killer cells: comparison of the maturation rates in
      different lymphoid compartments.
AB  - By means of semisyngeneic bone marrow transplantation, the appearance of donor
      type natural killer (NK) cells in different organs (spleen, blood, lungs) of the
      recipients was studied. Seven days after the transplantation the first donor-type
      NK cells appeared in all these organs, and adult NK levels were reached
      simultaneously within a couple of days. The first NK cells to appear in every
      organ divided rapidly (sensitive to hydroxyurea) and contained a high proportion
      of Thy-1+ cells. These data suggest that NK cell precursors mature locally and
      simultaneously in different organs.

PMID- 3883482
TI  - Mechanisms of bacterial superinfections in viral pneumonias.
AB  - Although it was once thought that bacterial infection was merely a function of
      the virulence of the microbe it is now known that other pathogens can alter host
      resistance. With respect to bacterial superinfection during viral pneumonias,
      three important factors must be considered; the role of the virus, the role of
      the bacterium, and the immune status of the host. The fact that no one bacterial
      species is responsible for all human cases of postinfluenzal bacterial pneumonia
      indicates that there is a general impairment of pulmonary antibacterial defenses
      brought about by the viral infection. The fact that the rate of intrapulmonary
      killing varies with different bacterial species indicates that the superinfecting
      organism can itself play a role in the dual disease process. Finally, it has been
      amply demonstrated that the resistance of the host is dependent on a variety of
      factors which include innate variables such as genetic endowment and a multitude
      of imponderable variables acquired through life experiences which can be
      considered under the general category of "host factors". All three factors
      interact and collectively impinge upon the resistance of the host. Lastly, as
      influenza virus infections occur most frequently in epidemic outbreaks, the
      relationship between influenza virus and secondary bacterial infections is the
      classic example. However, there is growing evidence that an association exists
      between other virus groups and bacterial pathogens in respiratory tract
      infections. Adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, and rhinovirus are among the agents
      that appear to pave the way for bacterial pneumonias. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, once
      considered to be a virus and the cause of primary atypical pneumonia, may also
      render the respiratory tract susceptible to bacterial invasion.

PMID- 3883484
TI  - Establishing patient rapport and communication.

PMID- 3883483
TI  - [Determination of extravascular lung water in critical patients: comparison with
      radiological, hemodynamic and functional lung findings].
AB  - Measurement of extravascular lung water (EVLW) was performed by the thermal-dye
      technique in 55 critically ill patients. The EVLW values were compared with the
      corresponding radiographic, hemodynamic and functional pulmonary data. EVLW
      values revealed a positive correlation with the chest X-ray score (CXR) (r =
      0.836; p less than 0.001), mean pulmonary artery pressure (PP) (r = 0.414; p less
      than 0.01), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) (r = 0.353; p less than
      0.01), venous admixture (Qs/Qt) (r = 0.288; p less than 0.05), and alveo-arterial
      oxygen difference/fraction of inspired oxygen (AaDO2/FiO2) (r = 0.441; p less
      than 0.001). No correlation was found between EVLW values and colloid-osmotic
      pressure minus PCWP (COP-PCWP) (r = 0.221). Though different positive
      correlations between EVLW values and these parameters were found, they cannot
      replace EVLW measurement. Rather, EVLW measurement provides additional
      information on the degree of pulmonary edema which is useful in differentiating
      between cardiac and non-cardiac pulmonary edema and in states of radiologic over-
      or underestimation of EVLW.

PMID- 3883485
TI  - Distribution of enkephalin immunoreactivity in germinative cells of developing
      rat cerebellum.
AB  - The cellular distribution of enkephalin, an endogenous opioid, in the developing
      rat cerebellum was determined by immunocytochemistry. Methionine and leucine
      enkephalin were concentrated in the external germinal layer, a matrix of
      proliferative cells; staining was confined to the cortical cytoplasm. Enkephalin
      was not detected by immunocytochemistry in differentiated neural cells. These
      results indicate that endogenous opioids are involved specifically in early
      phases of nervous system development, particularly cell proliferation and
      differentiation.

PMID- 3883486
TI  - Getting health promotion into Medicare.

PMID- 3883487
TI  - Diagnostic ultrasound and sister chromatid exchanges: failure to reproduce
      positive findings.
AB  - Human lymphocytes were exposed in vitro to ultrasound from two clinical devices,
      one of which was previously reported to have increased the frequency of sister
      chromatid exchanges. The ultrasonic exposures had no significant effect on the
      frequency of sister chromatid exchanges from three blood donors. Exposure to
      ultrasound also had no effect on cell cycle progression. A concomitant positive
      control (mitomycin C) resulted in a significant increase in sister chromatid
      exchanges.

PMID- 3883488
TI  - Flow effects on prostacyclin production by cultured human endothelial cells.
AB  - Endothelial cell functions, such as arachidonic acid metabolism, may be modulated
      by membrane stresses induced by blood flow. The production of prostacyclin by
      primary human endothelial cell cultures subjected to pulsatile and steady flow
      shear stress was measured. The onset of flow led to a sudden increase in
      prostacyclin production, which decreased to a steady rate within several minutes.
      The steady-state production rate of cells subjected to pulsatile shear stress was
      more than twice that of cells exposed to steady shear stress and 16 times greater
      than that of cells in stationary culture.

PMID- 3883489
TI  - Trypanothione: a novel bis(glutathionyl)spermidine cofactor for glutathione
      reductase in trypanosomatids.
AB  - Glutathione reductase from trypanosomes and leishmanias, unlike glutathione
      reductase from other organisms, requires an unusual low molecular weight cofactor
      for activity. The cofactor was purified from the insect trypanosomatid Crithidia
      fasciculata and identified as a novel glutathione-spermidine conjugate, N1,N8
      bis(L-gamma-glutamyl-L-hemicystinyl-glycyl)spermidine, for which the trivial name
      trypanothione is proposed. This discovery may open a new chemotherapeutic
      approach to trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis.

PMID- 3883490
TI  - Receptor-mediated transport of insulin across endothelial cells.
AB  - Hormones such as insulin are transported from the interior to the exterior of
      blood vessels. Whether endothelial cells, which line the inner walls of blood
      vessels have a role in this transport of hormones is not clear, but it is known
      that endothelial cells can internalize and release insulin rapidly with little
      degradation. The transport of iodine-125-labeled insulin was measured directly
      through the use of dual chambers separated by a horizontal monolayer of cultured
      bovine aortic endothelial cells. In this setting, endothelial cells took up and
      released the labeled insulin, thereby transporting it across the cells. The
      transport of insulin across the endothelial cells was temperature sensitive and
      was inhibited by unlabeled insulin and by antibody to insulin receptor in
      proportion to the ability of these substances to inhibit insulin binding to its
      receptor. More than 80 percent of the transported insulin was intact. These data
      suggest that insulin is rapidly transported across endothelial cells by a
      receptor-mediated process.

PMID- 3883491
TI  - Isolation of the gene for a glycophorin-binding protein implicated in erythrocyte
      invasion by a malaria parasite.
AB  - Plasmodium falciparum, the most lethal of the malarial parasites that infect
      humans, undergoes three cycles of development in its vertebrate host and elicits
      stage-specific immune responses. This stage specificity of the immune response
      has made it difficult to isolate antigens that would be useful in developing a
      vaccine against malaria. A complementary DNA clone for a glycophorin-binding
      protein of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites has been isolated and characterized.
      The protein interacts with glycophorin, the erythrocyte receptor, during invasion
      of the host cell by the parasite. Antigenic determinants of this protein
      expressed in Escherichia coli have been used to produce antibodies to a
      glycophorin-binding protein. The antibodies show schizont-specific
      immunofluorescence and react with the merozoite protein. The primary sequence of
      these determinants reveals a 150-nucleotide tandem-repeating sequence coding for
      a 50-amino-acid repeat. The characterization of the Plasmodium falciparum
      glycophorin-binding protein represents one approach toward designing serologic
      agents to block the parasite's development in the vertebrate host.

PMID- 3883492
TI  - Emotion and facial efference: a theory reclaimed.
AB  - A theory of emotional expression, ignored since 1906, holds that facial muscles
      act as ligatures on facial blood vessels and thereby regulate cerebral blood
      flow, which, in turn, influences subjective feeling. The theory, developed by
      Israel Waynbaum, a French physician, hypothesizes the subjective experience of
      emotions as following facial expression rather than preceding it. It answers
      Darwin's question of why different muscles contract or relax in different
      emotions better than Darwin's own theory. When restated in terms of contemporary
      neurophysiological knowledge, it explains and organizes several ill-understood
      emotional processes and phenomena.

PMID- 3883493
TI  - Circadian timing of cancer chemotherapy.
AB  - Animal studies have indicated that the time of administration of adriamycin and
      cisplatin, two widely used anticancer drugs, has a profound effect on their
      toxicity. This effect in cancer chemotherapy was studied in 31 patients with
      advanced ovarian cancer. Patients received at least eight monthly courses of
      adriamycin that were followed 12 hours later by cisplatin, with adriamycin
      randomly administered at either 6 a.m. or 6 p.m. The results show that in the
      group receiving adriamycin in the evening and cisplatin in the morning (i) twice
      as many patients required reductions in dosage and delays in treatment, (ii) four
      times as many treatments had to be delayed, (iii) drug dosages had to be modified
      downward three times as often, and (iv) even with more dose attenuation and
      treatment delays, treatment complications were still about two times more common
      as in the group receiving adriamycin in the morning and cisplatin in the evening.
      These findings show that the circadian stage at which anticancer drugs are given
      to patients should be carefully considered.

PMID- 3883494
TI  - Evidence for a malarial parasite interaction site on the major transmembrane
      protein of the human erythrocyte.
AB  - Soluble oligosaccharides derived from the surface of human erythrocytes were
      tested for their ability to competitively inhibit invasion of erythrocytes by
      Plasmodium falciparum, a malarial parasite. Invasion was most effectively
      inhibited by erythroglycan, a carbohydrate component of the band 3 transmembrane
      protein. The lactosamine chains of erythroglycan contributed much of the
      inhibitory activity. This indication of a primary parasite interaction site on
      band 3 supports a role for this protein in mediating the radical alterations of
      the erythrocyte cytoskeleton that accompany invasion.

PMID- 3883495
TI  - Mammalian and yeast ras gene products: biological function in their heterologous
      systems.
AB  - Activated versions of ras genes have been found in various types of malignant
      tumors. The normal versions of these genes are found in organisms as diverse as
      mammals and yeasts. Yeast cells that lack their functional ras genes, RASSC-1 and
      RASSC-2, are ordinarily nonviable. They have now been shown to remain viable if
      they carry a mammalian rasH gene. In addition, yeast-mammalian hybrid genes and a
      deletion mutant yeast RASSC-1 gene were shown to induce morphologic
      transformation of mouse NIH 3T3 cells when the genes had a point mutation
      analogous to one that increases the transforming activity of mammalian ras genes.
      The results establish the functional relevance of the yeast system to the
      genetics and biochemistry of cellular transformation induced by mammalian ras
      genes.

PMID- 3883496
TI  - From heparin to heparin fractions and derivatives.

PMID- 3883497
TI  - In vitro coagulant and amidolytic methods for evaluating the activity of heparin
      and a low molecular weight derivative (PK 10169).
AB  - In summary, the following points have been presented. PK 10169 produced somewhat
      weaker effects on the coagulant tests in comparison to heparin in various whole
      blood and citrated plasma assays. In the synthetic substrate assays, PK 10169
      produced a pronounced inhibition of various serine proteases in the AT III
      supplemented system. No significant inhibition was noted in the non-AT III
      systems. Preliminary data show that PK 10169-AT III complex is capable of
      producing direct inhibition of the generation of factors Xa and XIIa. In all
      platelet function tests studied, this agent failed to produce any modulating
      effects. PK 10169 did not produce an effect on the fibrinolytic system in vitro.
      However, analysis of blood samples obtained from animals treated in vivo with
      this agent suggests activation of fibrinolysis. Thus, the mechanism of action
      must involve certain cellular components or endogenous modulation of the heparin
      fraction. The newly developed FPA generation test can be modified by various
      activators or blood systems to mimic closely in vivo physiology. PK 10169
      produces a dose response that is more sensitive and more global by this method
      than the amidolytic anti-Xa or anti-IIa. In contrast to heparin, larger amounts
      of platelet factor 4 and protamine sulfate are needed to neutralize the anti-Xa
      and anti-IIa actions of this agent. Additionally, the anti-IIa component is more
      susceptible to neutralization than the anti-Xa component. Our studies also
      suggest that PK 10169 is resistant to the action of certain heparin digestive
      systems, such as heparinase.

PMID- 3883498
TI  - Low molecular weight heparin-like preparations with oral activity.

PMID- 3883499
TI  - Heparin, heparin fractions, and the atherosclerotic process.

PMID- 3883500
TI  - Studies on the antithrombotic effects and pharmacokinetics of heparin fractions
      and fragments.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of heparin differ markedly from those of its fractions both
      in man and in experimental animal models. The route of administration determines
      the relative availability of different molecular species that exert the anti-Xa,
      anti-IIa, fibrinopeptide A generation inhibiting actions and the release of
      tissue plasminogen activator-like activity from the endothelial cell lining. The
      bioavailability of heparin fractions has proved to be much greater than heparin
      after subcutaneous or intraperitoneal administration. Most of the low molecular
      weight heparin fractions exhibit sustained antiprotease and antithrombotic
      actions. The pharmacokinetics of the specific anti-IIa and anti-Xa actions of
      heparin and its fractions is dependent on the molecular composition of these
      agents. Even if the fractions are standardized for identical potencies by the in
      vitro assays, the elimination rate of anti-Xa and anti-IIa actions are
      significantly different for each fraction. The antithrombotic actions of heparin
      and its fractions also vary widely in the rabbit stasis thrombosis model.
      Different fractions show variable antithrombotic actions against defined
      thrombogenic challenges. Moreover, selection and potency of a thrombogenic agent
      is of crucial importance in these studies. The primate (Macaca mulatta) model
      offers a useful preclinical model for the pharmacologic evaluation of the low
      molecular heparin fractions. Since the coagulation system and heparinizability
      index of this model approximate a human response, the data may be used to reflect
      therapeutic and prophylactic responses, as well as to assess toxic effects, such
      as bleeding.

PMID- 3883501
TI  - Chemotherapy and combined modality therapy for locally advanced and metastatic
      gastric carcinoma.

PMID- 3883502
TI  - Rationale for blockade of adrenal as well as testicular androgens in the
      treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
AB  - Hormonal therapy for metastatic prostate cancer blocks the androgen-mediated
      action that stimulates the hormone-dependent clone of tumor cells. Such therapy
      must be directed at all sources of tissue dihydrotestosterone (DHT), including
      testosterone derived from the testis. Adrenal androgens such as
      dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate, DHEA, and androstenedione may also diffuse
      into prostate cells, and although their conversion to DHT is in the range of only
      3% to 7% (compared to 50% to 70% for testosterone), the large amount (four to six
      times that of testosterone) of adrenal androgen substrate may account for up to
      one sixth of total prostate DHT. The role of adrenal androgens as potential
      stimuli to the hormone-dependent clone of tumor cells is further supported by
      studies in which significant amounts of DHT were found in the prostates of
      patients in clinical relapse after surgical castration. There are reports
      indicating that both surgical and medical adrenalectomy produce subsequent
      remissions in about 30% of patients who failed after castration or estrogen. The
      rationale to suppress all sources of DHT, therefore, is clear. To accomplish this
      goal successfully, megestrol acetate was combined with DES or estradiol to
      suppress testicular function to castration levels and to block residual adrenal
      androgens at the cell level. Studies are underway to compare clinical disease
      free intervals in these patients to those patients receiving traditional therapy
      of castration and estrogen.

PMID- 3883504
TI  - Response rate and toxicity of etoposide (VP-16) in squamous carcinoma of the
      lung: report from the Lung Cancer Treatment Study Group.
AB  - In two multicenter studies, 325 patients with advanced squamous lung cancer were
      randomized to receive either no treatment v oral etoposide (VePe-sid) 300 mg/m2
      on days 1 and 2 for 6 cycles, or the same dose of oral etoposide v the same dose
      of oral etoposide plus cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 2, each given
      for 6 cycles. A total of 175 patients in both trials received oral etoposide
      alone. All patients assigned to treatment were included in the results.
      Remissions occurred in 20 (11%) patients (CR in 1; PR in 19). Leukopenia occurred
      in 2% of patients and other toxicity was acceptable.

PMID- 3883503
TI  - Megestrol acetate v tamoxifen in advanced breast cancer: a phase III trial of the
      Piedmont Oncology Association (POA).
AB  - One hundred twenty-four patients with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer were
      randomized to receive megestrol acetate 40 mg orally, four times daily, or
      tamoxifen 10 mg orally twice daily. If therapy failed patients were crossed over
      to the alternate treatment. Eligibility required that either the estrogen or
      progesterone receptor be positive or that both values be unknown, and that
      patients be at least 2 years postspontaneous menopause or over 50 years of age.
      Pretreatment characteristics were similar for both groups. Three patients had had
      previous hormonal therapy while one third had had chemotherapy. Objective
      response for evaluable patients based on strict UICC criteria was 29% with
      megestrol acetate and 31% with tamoxifen. Responses in patients with bone and
      soft tissue disease were similar for both regimens; however, 7 of 19 (37%)
      patients with visceral disease responded to tamoxifen but none of 18 (0%)
      responded to megestrol acetate. Response did not correlate with amount of
      estrogen or progesterone receptor. Unadjusted analysis of time to progression and
      survival showed no significant differences between regimens. With adjustment for
      pretreatment characteristics, patients on tamoxifen had a statistically
      significant prolongation of both of these parameters. Crossover data show 3 of 24
      patients responding to tamoxifen after failure on megestrol acetate and 1 of 24
      responding to megestrol acetate after failure on tamoxifen. However, crossover
      data should be viewed cautiously, as patients who are currently responding to
      initial treatment are those who would be most likely to respond to crossover
      therapy.

PMID- 3883505
TI  - Radiology of trauma to the wrist: dislocations, fracture dislocations, and
      instability patterns.
AB  - Radiologic changes from trauma to the carpus are described. Emphasis is placed
      upon pathomechanics and characterization of greater and lesser arc injury
      patterns. Finally, the various posttraumatic instability patterns of the wrist
      are discussed.

PMID- 3883506
TI  - Dense bone--too much bone: radiological considerations and differential
      diagnosis. Part II.
AB  - In conclusion, the attempt has been made to demonstrate that three major forms of
      new bone formation exist: reactive, neoplastic, and the newborn or relative
      skeletal sclerosis in congenital (developmental) disorders. A classification of
      skeletal disorders has been presented and four major groups have been selected
      from the nine categories in this classification. These are: congenital
      developmental, metabolic and endocrine, benign neoplasms and malignant neoplasms.
      In all four categories a large group of entities which may present with new bone
      (sclerosis) are listed and are discussed in some, but limited, detail. A number
      of these entities in each of the four categories are illustrated. Some difficulty
      is encountered in considering the mechanisms for the production of bony sclerosis
      in the group of congenital-developmental disorders. In such entities as
      osteopetrosis, the overproduction of cartilage cords and subsequent excessive
      mineralization is known to be responsible for the dense bone. However, in various
      skeletal dysplasias (e.g., pyknodysostosis, van Buchem disease), the exact
      mechanism for the development of the diffuse sclerotic process is not clearly
      understood. In the metabolic and endocrine category, the situation as to
      mechanism is less unclear in considering the reason for the development of bony
      sclerosis. Yet even in evaluating disorders such as renal osteodystrophy, the
      reactive bony sclerosis in the presence of secondary hyperparathyroidism and
      osteomalacia is a source of speculation with no definite proof, as yet.

PMID- 3883507
TI  - The social construction of the patient: patients and illnesses in other ages.
AB  - The way individual conceptions and experiences of illnesses are socially
      constructed is shown through the historical analysis of diseases, particularly
      epidemics. For centuries, sickness did not clearly correspond to what we now call
      the patient status. Several factors were necessary for this social status to
      develop. Sickness had to cease being a mass phenomenon. Medicine had to become
      capable of providing efficacious treatment and of taking the sick out of the
      custody of religious institutions. Through social legislation, the notions of
      illness and of health had to be related to the world of work. Owing to the first
      two factors, sickness was transformed from a collective into an individual
      affair, from a way of dying into a way of living. Once related to production
      processes and medical custody, it became the individual's social condition.

PMID- 3883508
TI  - Primary sclerosing cholangitis.
AB  - Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic, cholestatic disease affecting the
      biliary tree. Recent data suggest an autoimmune etiology. Clinical findings,
      roentgenographic characteristics, and compatible liver histology will help in
      establishing the diagnosis. There is no known treatment for cure, though relief
      of symptoms may be accomplished with certain drugs, such as antibiotics for
      cholangitis and cholestyramine for pruritus. Death usually ensues within five to
      seven years after diagnosis, as a consequence of liver failure, cholangitis, and
      cholangiocarcinoma.

PMID- 3883509
TI  - Renal angiomyolipoma: definitive diagnosis by ultrasonography and computerized
      tomography.
AB  - The advent of the newer imaging modalities of ultrasonography and computerized
      tomography allows a definitive preoperative diagnosis of renal angiomyolipoma.
      Our case illustrates the management dilemma of a patient with gross hematuria and
      a solid mass in a solitary kidney. The characteristic appearance of an
      angiomyolipoma by various imaging modalities allowed simple excision of the mass,
      sparing the kidney.

PMID- 3883510
TI  - Unilateral duplex horseshoe kidney with ectopic ureterocele.
AB  - We have reported a case of horseshoe kidney, a common renal fusion anomaly.
      Because of the 25% incidence of associated genitourinary anomalies, we believe
      that the diagnosis of horseshoe kidney in pediatric patients should initiate a
      thorough urologic evaluation, including intravenous urography and real-time
      sonography.

PMID- 3883511
TI  - Streptococcus agalactiae monarthric arthritis.

PMID- 3883512
TI  - [Soviet public health in World War II].

PMID- 3883513
TI  - [Heroic exploits of the physicians of Bashkiria].

PMID- 3883515
TI  - [N. I. Pirogov and the women's question].

PMID- 3883514
TI  - [History of the Lvov Medical Institute (1784-1944) (on the 200th anniversary of
      the Institute)].

PMID- 3883516
TI  - [Physician V. V. Iunker--an explorer of Africa].

PMID- 3883518
TI  - [Physicians of Bashkiria--participants in World War II].

PMID- 3883517
TI  - [I. I. Molleson in Perm].

PMID- 3883519
TI  - [From the history of the sanitary organization of the Vladimir Province (zemstvo
      period)].

PMID- 3883520
TI  - [Stages in the development of reflexology].

PMID- 3883521
TI  - [Soviet public health in philately].

PMID- 3883522
TI  - [T. E. Sosin--one of the 1st organizers of socialist public health in Soviet
      Iakutiia].

PMID- 3883523
TI  - [An outstanding man of Russian medicine, pedagogue, scientist and materialist (on
      the 200th anniversary of the birth of I. E. Diad'kovskii)].

PMID- 3883525
TI  - [Prosthodontic procedures for cleft palate patients and clinical observations-
      1].

PMID- 3883524
TI  - [Sonographic detection of ectatic capsule veins in hypernephroma with tumor
      occlusion of the renal vein].

PMID- 3883526
TI  - [An approach in the diagnosis of periodontal diseases using personal computers].

PMID- 3883527
TI  - [Painless depression of the gum].

PMID- 3883528
TI  - [Significance of and risks involved in saving teeth with advanced periodontal
      disease].

PMID- 3883529
TI  - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history. 61. Secret
      book on oral medicine published in 1762].

PMID- 3883530
TI  - [McN-2783 for pain following the extraction of impacted wisdom tooth--clinical
      evaluation].

PMID- 3883531
TI  - [The latest trends, machinery and materials in complete denture prosthodontics].

PMID- 3883532
TI  - [Removable partial dentures. Conical telescopic crown retainers for removable
      partial dentures].

PMID- 3883533
TI  - [Crown bridges--materials and methods in the transitional period].

PMID- 3883534
TI  - [Instruments for effective diagnosis and management of periodontal diseases].

PMID- 3883535
TI  - [Improvement of adhesive dental materials].

PMID- 3883536
TI  - Social security and private saving: theory and historical evidence.
AB  - This article is a nontechnical presentation of the debate that has gone on during
      the past decade over whether the U.S. social security system has depressed
      private saving in the economy. The heart of the article is an assessment of
      economist Martin Feldstein's original evidence, presentation of the alternative
      evidence that concluded that currently available historical data do not support
      the proposition that social security reduces private saving, and an evaluation of
      the contradictory evidence presented by Feldstein in response to the alternative
      evidence. The article concludes that, although the total body of evidence is
      inconclusive, the historical evidence fails to support the hypothesis that social
      security has reduced private saving. The Office of Research, Statistics, and
      International Policy, as part of its ongoing research mission, investigates the
      interrelationship between social security and the economy. This article presents
      an examination of one of several aspects of this relationship relevant to public
      policy considerations and is intended to make previously published technical
      papers available to a broader audience.

PMID- 3883537
TI  - Application of a needs-based model for planning geriatric dental services for the
      Veterans Administration.

PMID- 3883538
TI  - Wound healing in abdominal operations.
AB  - For the practicing surgeon as yet there is no ideal suture and no perfect
      antibacterial substance. Therefore, the technique of wound and suture handling is
      extremely important. Gentleness is the key, and the surgeon should think in terms
      of what is happening to the cells in the area of repair. Gentleness will result
      in less dead tissue, fewer unwanted adhesions, less subsequent infection and,
      therefore, improved healing.

PMID- 3883539
TI  - Wound ballistics for the civilian surgeon.
AB  - The management of gunshot wounds should include the following basic principles:
      The wound should be assessed by the treating physician in terms of the weapon
      which caused the injury, its caliber and its muzzle velocity. In addition, the
      range should be noted and whether the round was copper-jacketed as opposed to
      hollow-nosed or soft-pointed should be taken into consideration. Knowledge of
      these ballistic properties will enhance the treating physician's ability to
      diagnose more appropriately the extent of the damage and influence the
      therapeutic objectives. In addition, the information obtained will assist in
      prognosis, which can be related to the patient as well as those concerned with
      his or her outcome.

PMID- 3883540
TI  - Hepatic resection for metastatic cancer.

PMID- 3883541
TI  - Medical treatment of peptic ulcers.
AB  - Since duodenal ulcer can be treated effectively with several drugs (H2 receptor
      antagonists, sucralfate, colloidal bismuth or antacids) the choice of drug should
      be determined by cost, ease of administration, and lack of side effects. The H2
      receptor antagonists and sucralfate cost about the same and have few side
      effects. They should both be considered first-line drugs for treatment of
      duodenal ulcer. Colloidal bismuth is not available for use in the United States,
      but should be otherwise included in this group. Antacids must be taken more often
      than H2 receptor antagonists; the liquid antacids are messy, will produce
      diarrhea in many patients, and have several other side effects that make them a
      second-choice drug. Although the tricyclic selective anticholinergic pirenzepine
      has been effective in treating duodenal ulcer, it is not approved in the United
      States and its role in the treatment of duodenal ulcer is not yet well defined.
      The only role for pirenzepine presently is as a second drug with the H2 receptor
      antagonists in the treatment of acid hypersecretion in the Zollinger-Ellison
      syndrome. The same principles apply in the treatment of gastric ulcers as in
      duodenal ulcers, with a few exceptions. Gastric ulcers probably respond less to
      antacids than to H2 receptor antagonists or coating agents such as sucralfate,
      and preliminary data suggest that long-term maintenance therapy with H2 receptor
      antagonists to prevent ulcer recurrence is not as effective with gastric ulcers
      as it is with duodenal ulcers. Several compounds will promote the healing of
      duodenal and gastric ulcers. These compounds have minimal side effects and are
      well tolerated by patients. They are without question highly effective acutely,
      but when discontinued they have no lasting influence on the chronic nature of
      peptic ulcer disease, and their role in the long-term treatment of peptic ulcer
      disease is unclear. Thus, whether or not these drugs will actually reduce the
      need for surgical treatment of peptic ulcer disease remains to be determined.

PMID- 3883542
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 3883543
TI  - Prognostic factors in surgery for duodenal ulcer.
AB  - A 5 to 12 year follow-up study of 132 patients with nonobstructive duodenal ulcer
      treated by HSV without a drainage procedure was done. The results of pre- and
      postoperative gastric emptying studies and pre- and postoperative acid secretion
      studies were related to recurrent ulceration and postoperative complaints. The
      almost 9 percent of instances of recurrent ulceration were found in the group of
      patients with preoperative PPAO values greater than 40 mmol/hr. In all 13
      patients with preoperative PPAO values greater than 60 mmol/hr, HSV was
      considered a failure. It was concluded that at least the latter group should be
      excluded from HSV. In 4.3 percent of patients serious gastric stasis after HSV
      was cause for reoperation. In spite of meticulous denervation and peroperative
      open pH metry, inadequate vagotomy, defined as percent reduction of PIAO values
      after HSV less than 75 percent, was found in 33 out of 117 patients. In an
      experimental study, vascular occlusion alone also gives a positive Grassi test.
      From both facts the relative value of this test can be concluded. Symptoms after
      inadequate vagotomy were again clearly related to preoperative PPAO values.

PMID- 3883544
TI  - Convention and controversies in the surgical approach to benign and malignant
      breast disease.

PMID- 3883545
TI  - Rectal cancer--adequacy of surgical management.
AB  - Rectal carcinoma remains a common, lethal form of malignancy. Despite improvement
      in overall survival due to increased resectability, decreased operative
      mortality, and possibly earlier detection at a more favorable stage, the cancer
      specific survival rate stage for stage following operative treatment is unchanged
      in recent decades. Overall survival rate should increase further if earlier
      diagnosis can be made at a time when all lesions are locally confined and
      resectable for cure and if operative mortality can consistently be kept under 2
      percent. The latter will require not only improvement in surgeons' skills to
      conduct these operations efficiently but also, and perhaps more important,
      improvement in surgeon's abilities to better select which patients can and should
      safely undergo a major resection. Improvement in cancer-specific survival rate
      stage for stage is not likely to result from operative methods but probably
      depends upon development of effective forms of adjuvant therapy or of totally new
      forms of therapy designed to supplement or supplant operative intervention. At
      present, it is discouraging that no such development has occurred, though
      radiation therapy may prove useful.

PMID- 3883546
TI  - Massive hemoptysis--diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

PMID- 3883547
TI  - Dupuytren disease.
AB  - The recent increased interest in Dupuytren disease by basic scientists as well as
      clinicians has led to extensive investigations into the pathophysiology and
      etiology of this complicated condition. Our present knowledge of the basic
      scientific aspects of the disease, as well as methods of management, have been
      summarized in this chapter. Answers being sought in Dupuytren disease will
      certainly go a long way into solving problems of wound healing. However, until
      then, the methods of treatment of Dupuytren disease will remain varied, and
      unexpectedly poor results will still crop up all too frequently. At present the
      best defense against this is to pay particular attention to the anatomic
      variations in the disease, perform meticulous surgical procedures, and supervise
      careful postoperative management.

PMID- 3883548
TI  - New diagnostic techniques in hepatobiliary disease.
AB  - The liver and biliary tree have become increasingly accessible to the clinician
      through the new diagnostic techniques described in this chapter. There will
      undoubtedly be more developments and refinements in the years ahead. Already the
      new techniques of positron-emission tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance
      hint at a greater potential for improving our capacity to visualize hepatobiliary
      disease. It would be unrealistic, however, to expect any one of these techniques
      to become the single procedure of choice for diagnosis in all types of
      hepatobiliary disease. It will continue to be the clinician's task to pick the
      proper sequence of available tests to arrive at a diagnosis in the most rapid and
      efficient manner. It is unlikely that any busy surgeon can keep totally abreast
      of the subtleties of all new diagnostic techniques. It is clear that in many
      instances no single test is really the best, and choices should be made on the
      basis of the resources available. If the clinician is able to make an accurate
      assessment of the diagnostic capabilities of his or her institution and
      approaches each individual problem with a logical progression from first-line
      screening techniques to second-line invasive procedures, few mistakes will be
      made. The challenge is to minimize the risk, expense, and time involved in
      obtaining maximum information for definitive diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 3883549
TI  - The present status of biliary tract surgery.
AB  - The techniques now routinely available for modern biliary tract diagnosis and
      treatment have allowed today's biliary surgeon to make a diagnosis more rapidly
      and with greater delineation of the pathology than a decade ago. As well, the
      extension of these diagnostic techniques has allowed interventional procedures to
      be carried out by both the radiologist and the endoscopist such that certain
      palliative procedures may now be done without laparotomy, and reoperations may be
      avoided by percutaneous or endoscopic approaches. Operative surgery in this area
      has not had the same spectacular advances. Rather there have been refinements and
      additions to previously used techniques that have standardized the procedures.
      Moreover, surgery has benefited from the technologies that have allowed the
      better preparation of the patient by the percutaneous or endoscopic relief of
      jaundice before an operation, the disimpaction of stones in cholangitis, and
      papillotomy in acute pancreatitis. The availability to the surgeon of the
      extremely slim flexible endoscope has made biliary endoscopy at operation simpler
      as well as providing a tool for percutaneous biliary endoscopy and stone
      extraction. In the same era, tests that were among the most common for diagnoses
      such as the oral cholecystogram and intravenous cholangiogram have become
      infrequent and perhaps obsolete. It has become obvious that the complete biliary
      surgeon must now have available isotopic, sonographic, and radiologic imaging,
      endoscopy, and other equipment not even imagined by those who pioneered biliary
      surgery.

PMID- 3883550
TI  - Total pancreatectomy for chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - Ten instances of total pancreatectomy performed for chronic alcohol induced
      pancreatitis are reported. There was no hospital mortality, and all of the
      patients were free of pain. The most difficult problem was labile insulin
      sensitive diabetes in these patients who were chronic alcoholics. In addition,
      steatorrhea with weight loss, bleeding marginal ulcers and general weakness
      diminished working ability. The present data suggest that this procedure should
      be considered as the last resort in the treatment of severe instances of chronic
      pancreatitis.

PMID- 3883551
TI  - The reverse end insertion technique for rectal anastomosis with the EEA stapler.
AB  - An alternative technique for colorectal or ileorectal anastomosis using the EEA
      and the TA stapler is presented. This technique overcomes the problem of
      disproportion in size between the ileum or colon and the rectum. It allows the
      surgeon to examine the anastomosis directly.

PMID- 3883553
TI  - Use of vena cava to extend the right renal vein in cadaveric transplants.
AB  - A method to extend the length of the right renal vein of cadaveric kidneys is
      described. Use of this technique establishes vascular anastomosis and makes
      positioning of the right kidney technically easier.

PMID- 3883552
TI  - Veno-venous bypass without systemic anticoagulation for transplantation of the
      human liver.
AB  - A technique of veno-venous bypass without heparin has been developed for use
      during the anhepatic phase of transplantation of the liver. With this method, the
      ability to compress the temporarily obstructed vena caval and portal venous
      systems has made hepatic transplantation an easier procedure.

PMID- 3883554
TI  - The surgical management of lymphedema.
AB  - The treatment of lymphedema remains a formidable task for the patient and
      physician. However, most patients with both primary and secondary lymphedema can
      be managed satisfactorily by conservative means. Surgical intervention for
      lymphedema should be considered only after a serious trial of medical management.
      Although no present surgical technique offers cure, significant improvement is
      possible by a variety of methods. The staged excision of skin and subcutaneous
      tissue, the Charles procedure and the dermal flap by Thompson are still the most
      popular techniques in the United States. Axial and myocutaneous flaps and
      microsurgical bypass procedures are currently under investigation and may hold
      promise after additional study. Future experimental and clinical studies should
      concentrate on long term follow-up study with objective clinical and
      roentgenographic documentation of improvement.

PMID- 3883556
TI  - Francis John Gillingham.

PMID- 3883555
TI  - Stereotaxic biopsy and radioactive implantation for interstitial therapy of
      tumors of the pineal region.
AB  - Stereotaxic biopsy was performed in 10 patients with tumors of the pineal region.
      On the basis of intraoperative tissue diagnosis, low-energy radioactive sources
      (125I) were implanted in seven patients for interstitial irradiation during the
      same stereotaxic procedure. Results were good in five cases. This therapeutic
      modality appears to be indicated in cases of proven low-grade malignancy,
      inasmuch as the implantation of radioactive sources in a highly malignant lesion
      carries the risk of severe, often irreversible, damage to the surrounding brain,
      because of possible seed migration.

PMID- 3883557
TI  - Dwight Parkinson.

PMID- 3883558
TI  - Plasma amino acids in liver transplantation: correlation with clinical outcome.
AB  - The branch chain to aromatic amino acid ratio is depressed in patients with
      advanced liver disease. Liver transplantation results in three different ratio
      response patterns: (1) no improvement, (2) transient improvement followed by
      decline, and (3) sustained improvement. In nine patients who underwent 12
      transplantation procedures the ratio rose and remained above 2.5 during 70.0% +/-
      14.8% of the postoperative period in survivors compared with 11.8% +/- 3.1% when
      transplantation was unsuccessful (p less than 0.001). At discharge survivors'
      ratios had risen from 1.5 +/- 0.1 to 3.2 +/- 0.2 (p less than 0.001). The ratio
      before death or retransplantation caused by graft failure was unchanged at 1.2 +/
      0.1. A persistently low branch chain to aromatic amino acid ratio after liver
      transplantation should prompt an aggressive search for reversible causes of liver
      dysfunction. If the ratio does not respond to appropriate therapy, efforts should
      be directed toward retransplantation.

PMID- 3883559
TI  - Energy intake can determine albumin synthesis in man after surgery.
AB  - Albumin synthesis rate, nitrogen balance, plasma hormone levels, and selected
      substrates were measured after operation in 12 patients who underwent colonic
      operations who were randomized to receive an intravenous fluid regimen that
      contained either 3.5% amino acids with 20% fat and 2.5% glucose or 3.5% amino
      acids with 20% fat alone. The albumin synthesis rate was higher in patients who
      received the first of these intravenous mixtures (357 +/- 34 mg/kg/day versus 216
      +/- 22 mg/kg/day; p less than 0.01), but they also had a significantly higher
      intake of calories (10.2 +/- 1.1 calorie/kg/day versus 6.4 +/- 0.6
      calorie/kg/day; p = 0.01). The mean albumin synthesis rate in the group who
      received amino acids with glucose and fat is the highest we have measured in our
      series of studies. Although a previous trial in a similar group of patients
      suggested that glucose acts on albumin synthesis by diverting uptake of amino
      acids into skeletal muscle, it is possible that the impressive increase in the
      albumin synthesis rate in patients of the present series who received
      supplementary glucose is related to the extra energy infused. In contrast,
      nitrogen balance was similar in both groups, and thus was not predictive of
      protein synthesis. In addition, myofibrillar protein degradation appears to be
      equivalent in the two groups, as indicated by 3-methylhistidine output. Plasma
      albumin synthesis thus may be sensitive, especially to energy intake.

PMID- 3883560
TI  - Severe unilateral ischemia of the lower extremity caused by ergotamine: treatment
      with nifedipine.

PMID- 3883561
TI  - From Fauchard to Texas.

PMID- 3883562
TI  - Dr. Edward Clay Wise and the American Dental College at Austin.

PMID- 3883563
TI  - Effectiveness of rubber dam in control of bacterial aerosols from high-speed
      handpieces.

PMID- 3883564
TI  - Measurement of bronchial blood flow in the sheep by video dilution technique.
AB  - Bronchial blood flow was determined in five adult anaesthetised sheep by the
      video dilution technique. This is a new fluoroscopic technique for measuring
      blood flow that requires only arterial catheterisation. Catheters were placed
      into the broncho-oesophageal artery and ascending aorta from the femoral arteries
      for contrast injections and subsequent videotape recording. The technique yields
      bronchial blood flow as a percentage of cardiac output. The average bronchial
      artery blood flow was 0.6% (SD 0.20%) of cardiac output. In one sheep histamine
      (90 micrograms) injected directly into the bronchial artery increased bronchial
      blood flow by a factor of 6 and histamine (90 micrograms) plus methacholine (4.5
      micrograms) augmented flow by a factor of 7.5 while leaving cardiac output
      unchanged. This study confirms the high degree of reactivity of the bronchial
      circulation and demonstrates the feasibility of using the video dilution
      technique to investigate the determinants of total bronchial artery blood flow in
      a stable animal model avoiding thoracotomy.

PMID- 3883565
TI  - Dentistry's most famous lady: a definitive report on Saint Apollonia in legend
      and art.

PMID- 3883566
TI  - [Suicide in Western visual art].

PMID- 3883567
TI  - [Ultrasonography of palpable masses in the breast].

PMID- 3883568
TI  - [Filariasis bancrofti].

PMID- 3883569
TI  - [Biliary tract diseases. A rational diagnostic study].

PMID- 3883570
TI  - [The relation between prolactin and lactational anestrus in swine].
AB  - Both prolactin and the suckling stimulus are involved in the suppression of LH
      levels during lactation in the sow. Reduction of the prolactin level by treatment
      with bromocriptine will result in a significant increase of the LH level,
      followed by a further significant increase after weaning. The suppression of LH
      release by the two factors is caused by a blockade at the hypothalamic level. The
      LH-response to an injection of LHRH is not affected by the presence or absence of
      prolactin and the suckling stimulus and therefore rules out the pituitary as the
      primary target organ.

PMID- 3883571
TI  - [Gentamicin: various pharmacotherapeutic aspects in comparison with other
      aminoglycosides].
AB  - Gentamicin may be used in the treatment of infection with gram-negative bacteria
      including Pseudomonas spp and Proteus spp. Resistance will only appear in
      suboptimal or too prolonged courses of treatment and usually is due to 'multi
      step mutation'. This resistance may be prevented, among others, by combined
      treatment with gentamicin and an antibiotic of the beta lactam group. When
      gentamicin is used correctly, it will have few toxic side-effects. Thus, 3 mg/kg
      of body weight three times daily will usually be indicated to ensure an optimum
      therapeutic effect. Parenteral administration of gentamicin would only appear to
      be useful in cases of bacteraemia and/or bacterial infection of the kidney and/or
      urinary excretory ducts; in the last-named case, the dose given at one time may
      be reduced by fifty per cent. Local treatment, the most recent method of which
      consists in administration by I(ntra-)T(racheal) route, apparently offers more
      prospects.

PMID- 3883572
TI  - The effect of dimethylnitrosamine on host resistance and immunity.
AB  - Adult female B6C3F1 mice were injected ip with 0.2 ml phosphate-buffered saline
      (PBS) only or PBS containing 1.5, 3, or 5 mg dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)/kg body wt
      daily for 14 days. On Day 16, mice were evaluated for changes in immune status as
      measured by the antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBCs), blastogenesis
      to T- and B-cell mitogens, natural killer (NK) cell function, delayed
      hypersensitivity, and alveolar macrophage (AM) bactericidal activity; and for
      changes in host resistance following challenge with various microorganisms or
      tumor cells. DMN-exposed animals exhibited reduced humoral antibody responses, T
      cell mitogenesis, and AM bactericidal activity. B-cell mitogenesis, NK cell
      activity, and delayed hypersensitivity were increased. Resistance to challenge
      with Listeria monocytogenes, Trichinella spiralis, or Herpes simplex types 1 or 2
      virus (HSV-1, HSV-2) was not significantly impaired, while that to Streptococcus
      zooepidemicus and influenza virus was significantly reduced. Resistance to B16
      F10 tumor challenge was enhanced following DMN exposure. The data show that DMN
      treatment altered humoral immunity and antibody-mediated host defense mechanisms.
      Increased NK cell activity may account for the increased resistance to challenge
      with Herpes virus and B16-F10 tumor cells.

PMID- 3883573
TI  - Immunological studies in B6C3F1 mice following exposure to ethylene glycol
      monomethyl ether and its principal metabolite methoxyacetic acid.
AB  - Exposure to glycol ethers has been associated with adverse effects in laboratory
      animals including thymus atrophy and mild leukopenia. These effects may involve
      depletion of immunoresponsive cells. This study examined possible alterations in
      immune function and host resistance of B6C3F1 mice following exposure to ethylene
      glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) or its principal metabolite, methoxyacetic acid
      (MOAA). EGME and MOAA were administered by gavage to mice in 10 doses over a 2
      week period at total dosages of 250, 500, and 1000 micrograms/g of body weight.
      Following exposure, immunopathology, humoral immunity, cell-mediated immunity,
      macrophage function, and host resistance to Listeria monocytogenes bacterial
      challenge were examined. A 48% reduction in thymus weight was observed at the
      intermediate and high doses of both chemicals. No significant alterations in
      immune function or host resistance to L. monocytogenes were observed in animals
      exposed to either EGME or MOAA.

PMID- 3883574
TI  - Bacterial mutagenicity testing of urine from rats dosed with 2-ethylhexanol
      derived plasticizers.
AB  - Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) produced hepatocellular carcinomas in rodents
      at high doses in a NTP/NCI bioassay. DEHP has not shown evidence of genotoxic
      activity in in vitro mutagenicity tests. We extended these studies by examining
      the mutagenicity of urine from rats dosed with DEHP, 2-ethylhexanol (2-EH), and
      several other 2-EH derived plasticizers, i.e. di-(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (DEHA), di
      (2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate (DEHT) and tri-(2-ethylhexyl)trimellitate (TEHT). A
      modified Ames Salmonella/microsome assay was used to determine mutagenicity.
      Urine was pooled from male Sprague--Dawley rats dosed daily for 15 days with 2000
      mg/kg of each test substance with the exception of 2-EH which was given at 1000
      mg/kg. Direct plating procedures were used to determine the presence of mutagens
      in urine. Urine from rats dosed with 8-hydroxyquinoline was used as a positive
      control. There was no evidence that mutagenic substances were excreted in the
      urine by rats dosed with either DEHP, DEHA, DEHT, TEHT or 2-EH as determined in
      the presence or absence of rat liver microsomes, and with or without treatment
      with beta-glucuronidase/aryl sulfatase. Our findings indicate that the above test
      compounds were not converted to urinary metabolites that were mutagenic. These
      observations provide no evidence for a genotoxic mechanism for DEHP
      carcinogenicity in rodents.

PMID- 3883575
TI  - Mutagenicity of some monoaromatic hydroxamic acids.
AB  - The mutagenicity of some monoaromatic hydroxamic acids was tested in the presence
      and absence of rat liver S-9 with Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98 and
      TA100. Of the five N-(chlorophenyl)-substituted hydroxamic acids and seven N
      arylformohydroxamic acids tested, 2 of the first and 4 of the latter series were
      mutagenic to both strains upon metabolic activation. None of the four N-acetyl
      type hydroxamic acids was mutagenic to either strain, even upon activation.
      Because some of the N-acetyl-derived hydroxamic acids were inactive, whereas the
      same aromatic nucleus possessing a formyl group displayed significant activity, a
      consideration of the nature of the aryl group in hydroxamic acid mutagenicity is
      important.

PMID- 3883576
TI  - Improved immunohistochemical visualization of helper/inducer T-cells by the
      simultaneous application of two noncrossblocking monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - We have studied the intensity of staining of helper/inducer T-cells in lymph node
      and tonsillar tissue using two commercially available monoclonal antibodies (OKT4
      and Leu3a) with the indirect immunoperoxidase method. Paracortical and mantle
      zone helper/inducer T-cells were easily visualized by both monoclonal antibodies,
      but T-cells in the follicular center, though stained by Leu3a, were hardly
      demonstrable by OKT4. Excellent staining was obtained in the indirect
      immunoperoxidase procedure by incubating the sections with a 1:1 mixture of the
      two monoclonal antibodies which gave bright staining of individual cells
      throughout the lymphoid tissue. Dilution of the primary antibodies by 1:200 did
      not affect the results. It is concluded that the simultaneous application of OKT4
      and Leu3a as primary antibodies in the indirect immunoperoxidase procedure is the
      method of choice for the in situ demonstration of helper/inducer T-cells.

PMID- 3883577
TI  - [Results of radiotherapy with cobalt-60 in tonsillar neoplasms].
AB  - From 1963 to 1978 119 patients with a carcinoma of the tonsillar fossa received
      cobalt-60-therapy from 60 to 70 Gy to the primary lesion and the lymph nodes. The
      5-year-survival-rate was 34%, with a combined therapy of surgery and irradiation
      it was 43.6%. For 44 patients with a sarcoma of the tonsillar fossa the 5-year
      survival was 32%. For the patients with a carcinoma chemotherapy was only given
      for palliation.

PMID- 3883578
TI  - [Fractionated homogeneous whole body irradiation prior to bone marrow
      transplantation].
AB  - At the University of Kiel, myeloid and acute lymphatic leukemia is treated since
      1983 by total-body irradiation applied prior to bone marrow transplantation. Dose
      deviations in the midplane caused by the irregular surface and tissue
      inhomogeneities of the patient are reduced down to +/- 3.5% compared to the
      central ray, with the help of CT-based individual compensators. This method
      prevents above all an excessive dose to the lungs. The radiobiologic advantages
      of fractionated irradiation have been employed for all patients treated hitherto
      (n = 9). At present, a total body dose of 12 Gy in six fractions is applied
      within three days. There were no undesired acute radiogenic reactions except a
      mild acute mucositis found in all patients. Chronic side effects, especially in
      the lungs, were not demonstrated, too. However, the average follow-up time of 149
      days has been rather short. One patient died from relapse of leukemia after a
      total dose of 10 Gy, another patient died because the transplanted bone marrow
      was rejected, and a third died from catheter sepsis. Six out of nine patients are
      in complete remission with a maximum index of Karnofsky. The limited experiences
      gained hitherto show that the homogenous accelerated-fractionated total-body
      irradiation offers essential advantages compared to non-compensated single dose
      irradiation with respect to the prevention of undesired radiogenic effects in
      sound tissues and that its therapeutic efficacy is at least the same.

PMID- 3883579
TI  - The enigma of the risk of stroke in mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 3883580
TI  - The effect of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, OKY-046, on urinary excretion
      of immunoreactive thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in patients
      with ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
AB  - Thromboxane synthetase activity is selectively inhibited by (E)-3-[4-(1
      imidazolylmethyl)phenyl]-2-propenoic acid hydrochloride monohydrate (OKY-046). A
      single dose of 100 mg OKY-046 was orally administered to patients with ischemic
      cerebrovascular disease and healthy volunteers. Platelet aggregation and
      thromboxane B2 (TXB2) generation of intact and homogenised platelets induced by
      1.0 mM sodium arachidonate were measured before and at 1, 4, 6 and 8 h after
      dosing. OKY-046 inhibited arachidonate-induced aggregation in platelet rich
      plasma from some, but not all, individuals, whereas platelet TXB2 generation was
      almost completely inhibited by a single dose of 100 mg OKY-046, in all of the
      patients and healthy volunteers. Endogenous TXA2 and prostacyclin (PGI2)
      biosynthesis were assessed by measurement of urinary immunoreactive TXB2 (i-TXB2)
      and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (i-6-keto-PGF1 alpha) before and at 0-3, 3-6, 6-9 h after
      dosing. OKY-046 increased the urinary i-6-keto-PGF1 alpha coincidently with a
      decrease of urinary i-TXB2, both in patients and healthy volunteers. These
      effects of a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor will improve a disturbed
      balance between TXA2 and PGI2, associated with the development of ischemic
      cerebrovascular disease.

PMID- 3883581
TI  - The influence of noninvasive tests on the selection of patients for carotid
      angiography.
AB  - To assess the impact of noninvasive testing of the carotid vessels upon patient
      management, we analyzed the angiographic findings in 494 patients studied between
      1978 and 1983 for suspected extracranial cerebrovascular disease. This
      longitudinal study revealed two changes in the pattern of angiographic results
      after introduction of noninvasive testing in the final months of 1979. The
      proportion of examinations that revealed less than 49% stenosis decreased
      significantly from 49% in 1978 to 19% in 1983 (p less than 0.001). During the
      same time, the proportion of examinations identifying 75-99% stenosis increased
      from 20% to 62% (p less than 0.001). The referring physicians and their patient
      population appeared to remain unchanged over these years. We believe the decline
      in patients with little or no disease is a consequence of better patient
      selection due to screening with noninvasive tests. We credit the increase in
      patients with 75-99% disease to additional patients identified by noninvasive
      tests. This study also points out that the role of noninvasive studies will
      necessarily be restricted because of inherent limitations in the techniques and
      that clinical judgment will remain the final arbiter with regard to the
      management of patients at risk for stroke.

PMID- 3883582
TI  - Crisis intervention with families of cancer patients: a developmental approach.

PMID- 3883583
TI  - Community support for oncology patient and family.

PMID- 3883584
TI  - Hospice: looking back.

PMID- 3883585
TI  - Selective lymphoid irradiation. V. Synergism with pretransplant thymectomy or
      thymic irradiation in cardiac transplantation in rats.
AB  - Selective lymphoid irradiation (SLI) using palladium-109-hematoporphyrin (Pd-H),
      given four days prior to transplantation, combined with two doses of
      antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) (10 mg, days -2 and -1), was evaluated as a method
      of induction of permanent heterotopic cardiac allograft survival in the highly
      histoincompatible rat strain combination of ACI (RT1(1))-to-Lewis (RT1a). Both Pd
      H and ALG localize poorly in the thymus, so this study evaluated whether thymic
      irradiation (TI) or thymectomy (TX) of the adult recipient results in indefinite
      allograft survival. Immunosuppression with Pd-H or ALG alone gave a mean survival
      time (MST) of 6.7 +/- 0.6 days, but the combination of the two agents led to an
      MST of 17.6 +/- 3.4 days. When TI was combined with Pd-H and ALG, cardiac
      allograft survival was prolonged to 50.2 +/- 13.9 days, but TI alone showed an
      MST of 10.3 +/- 1.8 days. Permanent cardiac allograft survival (greater than 250
      days) was achieved in all thymectomized recipients treated with the combination
      of Pd-H and a brief course of ALG. These animals also accepted second-set skin
      grafts and rejected third-party skin grafts following more than 150 days of ACI
      cardiac allograft survival. Thymic irradiation, although effective in acting
      synergistically with SLI and ALG, led to prolonged, but limited allograft
      survival, although thymectomy with SLI and ALG is synergistic in prolonging
      allograft survival permanently without chronic immunosuppression.

PMID- 3883586
TI  - Sublethal fractionated total-body irradiation and donor bone marrow infusion for
      induction of allograft tolerance.
AB  - Tolerance to skin allografts across the strong histocompatibility barrier H-2b to
      H-2d was achieved with sublethal fractionated total-body irradiation, FTBI,
      delivered to H-2d mice in 3 doses of 250 rads within 24 hr, followed by
      transfusion of 3 X 10(7) H-2b donor bone marrow (BM) cells. H-2b skin allografts
      were applied within 48 hr after the initial radiation. 70% of the mice became
      long-term (greater than 180-day) survivors with fur-bearing grafts. Marked
      interexperiment variability in survival rates suggested that infection was the
      major cause of death in this model and lower weight gain and survival rates for
      allogenic BM vs. media-treated controls suggested that graft-versus-host disease
      (GVHD) was also a factor. The observation, however, that long-term survivors (70%
      of all mice) gained weight and appeared healthy suggested that the GVHD might be
      self-limiting. Chimeric analysis revealed that approximately 25% of spleen cells
      were of donor origin, both at short-term (6 weeks) and long-term (greater than 1
      year) intervals after tolerance induction. In spite of hematopoietic chimerism, a
      low incidence of spontaneous tumors, less than 1%, occurred in the long-term
      survivors.

PMID- 3883587
TI  - A comparison of the effects of topical cyclosporine and topical steroid on rabbit
      corneal allograft rejection.
AB  - A comparison was made of the effects of topically applied cyclosporine, and
      topically applied prednisolone acetate, on the prolongation of corneal allograft
      survival in a recently developed prevascularized rabbit eye model. Animals were
      treated four times daily for 28 days postgrafting. Both drugs prolonged graft
      survival when compared with placebo or no treatment but the corticosteroid was
      significantly more effective than cyclosporine. Furthermore, anterior segment
      inflammation and graft vascularization were considerably less marked in animals
      treated with steroid. No cyclosporine could be detected by radioimmunoassay in
      anterior chamber fluid removed by paracentesis from grafted animals treated with
      cyclosporine, suggesting poor absorption of the drug across the cornea.

PMID- 3883588
TI  - Immunogenetic aspects of transplantation in the rat brain.
AB  - The nature of the brain as an immunologically privileged site is controversial.
      Using congenic rats, we have demonstrated that grafts that differ from the
      recipient in the A locus of the MHC produce sensitization following intracerebral
      transplantation, thus indicating that the brain is not immunologically
      privileged. The IC grafts show histologic signs of rejection, which are delayed
      compared with the changes found in the subsequent orthotopic grafts, suggesting
      that the immune response is weaker in the brain.

PMID- 3883589
TI  - Successful cadaver kidney transplantation in patients highly sensitized by blood
      transfusions. Unimportance of the most reactive serum in the pretransplant
      crossmatch.
AB  - Six patients who underwent a prospective blood transfusion protocol developed
      antibodies reactive with 41-95% of a lymphocyte panel. These antibodies
      disappeared 9-18 months later, and all six patients were successfully
      transplanted with cadaver kidneys in spite of positive crossmatches with donor T
      and B cells using their most reactive noncurrent sera. Crossmatches with their
      current sera were negative. No patient underwent plasmapheresis, blood
      transfusions, or immunosuppression between the time of maximum panel reactivity
      and transplantation. Graft survival was 100% after a mean of 22.3 months, and the
      mean serum creatinine level was 2.1 mg/dl one year after grafting. A positive
      anti-donor T or warm B cell crossmatch with the most reactive serum may be
      disregarded if the most recent serum is crossmatch-negative with a cadaver kidney
      transplant donor.

PMID- 3883590
TI  - Successful renal transplantation of patients sensitized following deliberate
      unrelated blood transfusions.
AB  - One of the most powerful influences on cadaveric renal graft survival is the
      enhancing effect of blood transfusions from unrelated individuals (1, 2).
      However, the optimum number of transfusions required to achieve this effect
      remains controversial. Enhanced graft survival following only one or two
      transfusions has been observed (3), although graft survival has also been found
      to be better for multitransfused recipients (4). Extrapolating from their studies
      on mice, Wood et al. (5) suggested that only a very small volume of blood may
      induce the transfusion effect in humans. As the number of transfusions increases
      so does the risk of sensitizing the patient to produce lymphocytotoxic antibodies
      that may impair the chances of the patient receiving a crossmatch-negative kidney
      graft (6, 7). Thus the problem is to minimize the chance of sensitization while
      still maintaining the beneficial effect of blood transfusion.

PMID- 3883591
TI  - Thrombocyte aggregates in renal allografts. Analysis with fine-needle aspiration
      biopsy and monoclonal antithrombocyte antibodies.
AB  - It has been demonstrated previously that thrombocytes have a role in renal
      allograft rejection. The purpose of the present studies was to use fine-needle
      aspiration biopsy techniques during the early postoperative period to determine
      whether the specific localization of thrombocytes was correlated with the
      ultimate outcome of renal transplantation. The thrombocyte morphology and
      location were evaluated using monoclonal antithrombocyte antibody techniques. The
      results show that loose aggregates, often in combination with granulocytes, are
      nearly invariably seen in acute blast-cell-dominated reversible rejections; these
      aggregates disappear from the graft when the inflammation is overcome. In
      irreversible rejections in which inflammation continues and increases in
      intensity, the early loose aggregates are followed and accompanied by aggregation
      of thrombocytes on the graft vascular endothelial cells. The result suggests that
      thrombocyte aggregation into the graft is a two-stage phenomenon, and that only
      thrombocyte-graft endothelial cell aggregates are an adverse prognostic sign
      indicating an unfavorable course of rejection.

PMID- 3883592
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of 3 prednisolone prodrugs. Evidence of therapeutic
      inequivalence in renal transplant patients with rejection.
AB  - Renal allograft rejections are often treated with high doses of prednisone or
      prednisolone. The solubility of the biologically active prednisolone is poor.
      Therefore prednisolone is given i.v. as prednisolone disodium phosphate
      (prednisolone phosphate) or as prednisolone sodium tetrahydrophthalate
      (prednisolone phthalate). The time course of hydrolysis of high doses of these
      prodrugs and the reduction of high doses of oral prednisone into prednisolone has
      not been investigated. Therefore 10 patients treated for acute rejection were
      given, on 3 occasions, oral prednisone, i.v. prednisolone phosphate, or i.v.
      prednisolone phthalate in equimolar doses corresponding to 7 mg/kg of
      prednisolone. Blood samples were collected over a 24-hr period. Measurements were
      performed by high-performance liquid chromatography and equilibrium dialysis. The
      time to peak, the peak concentrations, and the area under the plasma
      concentration-vs.-time curve (AUC) of prednisone and of unbound prednisolone were
      calculated. In all patients the hydrolysis of the prednisolone phosphate ester
      was faster than that of the prednisolone phthalate ester. The mean (+/- SD) peak
      concentrations of unbound prednisolone were higher after i.v. prednisolone
      phosphate (18.5 +/- 3.4 micrograms/ml) than after i.v. prednisolone phthalate
      (2.9 +/- 0.5 micrograms/ml) or after oral prednisone (3.1 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml),
      (P less than 0.001). The mean AUCs of unbound prednisolone were 2324 +/- 683
      micrograms/ml/min from prednisolone phosphate, 1209 +/- 324 micrograms/ml/min
      from prednisolone phthalate, and 1584 +/- 556 micrograms/ml/min from oral
      prednisone. The AUCs of prednisolone from i.v. prednisolone phosphate (P less
      than 0.001) or from oral prednisone (P less than 0.005) were higher than from
      i.v. prednisolone phthalate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3883593
TI  - Improved patient and graft survival after treatment of acute rejections of
      cadaveric renal allografts with rabbit antithymocyte globulin.
AB  - In a prospective randomized trial, we compared the effectiveness of rabbit
      antithymocyte globulin (RATG) in the treatment of acute renal allograft rejection
      with the results of treatment by high oral doses of prednisone. Fifty recipients
      of cadaveric kidneys were included in each group. In the RATG group, the
      prednisone dose was not increased and a dose-by-rosette protocol was used to keep
      T cell levels between 50 and 150/mm. The three-month and one-year graft survival
      rates in the RATG group were 84% and 78%, and were significantly higher than
      those in the prednisone group (64% and 50%). A significant difference in patient
      survival could also be detected. In the RATG group the three-months and one-year
      patient survival rates were 100% and 98%, and patient survival rates in the
      prednisone group were 91% and 84%, respectively. The percentage of second
      rejections was higher in the prednisone group and 70% of these patients showed a
      good response to subsequent RATG treatment. Renal function after six months was
      similar in both groups. No serious side effects were encountered in the RATG
      group. The incidence of infections was the same in both groups. Treatment of
      acute rejections with RATG is preferable to prednisone treatment. It improves
      long-term graft and patient survival and is steroid-sparing.

PMID- 3883594
TI  - Positive T cell crossmatch with stored recipient sera in cadaveric renal
      transplantation.

PMID- 3883595
TI  - Fulminant hepatic failure in an HBsAg carrier renal transplant patient following
      cessation of immunosuppressive therapy.

PMID- 3883596
TI  - Acute rejection and massive cyclosporine requirements in heart transplant
      recipients treated with rifampin.

PMID- 3883597
TI  - Transmission of malaria by renal transplantation.

PMID- 3883598
TI  - Lymphocyte sensitivity to glucocorticoids before and after cadaver kidney
      transplantation.

PMID- 3883599
TI  - Congenital T cell deficiency with neutropenia and erythroblastopenia. Correction
      following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 3883601
TI  - Heterotopic liver grafting in the rat. A simplified method using cuff techniques.

PMID- 3883600
TI  - Efficacy of a short course (four doses) of methotrexate following bone marrow
      transplantation for prevention of graft-versus-host disease.

PMID- 3883602
TI  - Drug-induced tolerance to allografts in mice. III. Prolongation of skin graft
      survival by tolerance induction in congenic mice disparate in the major H-2
      antigens.

PMID- 3883603
TI  - Drug-induced tolerance to allografts in mice. V. Prolongation of skin graft
      survival in tolerant mice with combined immunosuppressive treatments.

PMID- 3883604
TI  - Cyclosporine monitoring in liver transplant patients.

PMID- 3883605
TI  - Continuous bladder drainage and bacteruria in obstetrics.

PMID- 3883606
TI  - [Degradation of deamidated proteins by tissue proteinases].
AB  - The rate of native and deamidized serum albumin in vitro splitting by the brain,
      liver, kidney, testicle and spleen tissue proteinases was studied at pH 3.2, 4.8,
      7.2 and 8.5. The deamidized preparation of serum albumin was obtained during its
      incubation under sterile conditions at 37 degrees C. The amount of amide groups
      in the process of protein incubation decreased by 19.4% mainly due to readily
      hydrolyzed asparagine groups. Desamidated serum albumin is splitted by tissue
      proteinases more intensively than native albumin. Intensity of the splitting
      depends on pH of the incubation medium and proteinase source. Specific
      proteolytic activity to desamidated serum albumin is shown to decrease in old
      rats as compared to young ones.

PMID- 3883607
TI  - [Effect of combined administration of manganese and insulin on glucose
      utilization].
AB  - A prolonged action of exogenic insulin is found in rabbits with preliminary
      manganese injection. Under conditions of experimental hyperglycemia the mentioned
      trace element injected in combination with insulin into the test animal organism
      causes a gradual decrease in the glucose level in the blood as compared with the
      only insulin injections. A possibility of a prolonged action of the hormone is
      very important for insulin therapy.

PMID- 3883608
TI  - [Epidermal IgG deposits in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome].

PMID- 3883609
TI  - [Silastic foam dressing compared with meche-treatment in open management
      following excision of a pilonidal cyst].

PMID- 3883610
TI  - [Ultrasonic scanning of pregnant women].

PMID- 3883611
TI  - [In vitro determination of antibody production in peripheral antigen- and mitogen
      activated lymphocytes].

PMID- 3883612
TI  - [Preventive antibiotic therapy in transurethral resection of the prostate].

PMID- 3883613
TI  - [Urinary excretion of prostaglandins and changes in plasma renin levels in
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis associated with cardiac decompensation treated
      with thiazides].

PMID- 3883614
TI  - [Radiotherapy of prostatic cancer: staging and radiotherapy planning with
      transrectal ultrasound].
AB  - Transrectal ultrasound of the prostate is a cheap and well-reproducible
      examination for the prostate and seminal vesicles. The local tumor extension of a
      prostatic carcinoma can be visualized. By documentation of the ultrasound image
      on a polaroid paper picture, the topometric section of the prostate can be
      obtained. This picture can be used for dosimetry in individual radiation therapy
      planning. Computed tomography is performed for detection of enlarged regional
      lymph nodes and demonstration of the topographic anatomy of the prostate in the
      lower pelvis.

PMID- 3883615
TI  - Ureaplasmal infections of the male urogenital tract, in particular prostatitis,
      and semen quality.
AB  - Ureaplasma urealyticum is considered an etiologic agent in urogenital tract
      infections, especially prostatitis. Using the 'four-specimen technique',
      diagnosis can be based upon significant numbers of these microorganisms. In
      ejaculate, the critical number seems to be 10(3) cfu/ml of semen to discriminate
      between real infection and contamination during urethral passage. In our study,
      46 of 412 samples (11.2%) exceeded this critical number. Most but not all
      patients suffering from ureaplasma-associated prostatitis established by the
      'four-specimen technique' revealed significantly high ejaculate numbers, whereas
      all samples from patients with prostatodynia and healthy controls had lower
      numbers. In these cases, numbers of round cells in semen, i.e. all leukocytes and
      spermatides, were significantly increased as compared to prostatodynia. A
      significantly negative correlation was detected between the numbers of
      ureaplasmas and zinc concentration in semen, and an almost identically negative
      correlation to the content of fructose, thus indicating secretory dysfunction of
      the accessory glands in ureaplasmal infections of the prostate.

PMID- 3883616
TI  - Urinary diversion and undiversion.
AB  - Urinary diversion as a permanent mode of therapy in childhood is becoming
      uncommon. Indications for temporary diversion are also few, particularly since
      the advent of percutaneous placement of tubes for temporary diversion. In the
      same sense, techniques and principles applied to urinary undiversion that are
      outlined in this article are now used for primary reconstruction in patients who
      previously would have been diverted.

PMID- 3883617
TI  - Circumcision. The uniquely American medical enigma.
AB  - Ritual circumcision of males has been practiced for millennia, but was limited to
      fewer than 20 per cent of the world's population. About a century ago, only the
      English-speaking countries adopted non-religious circumcision as a prophylactic
      or therapeutic panacea for myriad ailments. Since these "health" claims are now
      known to be unsubstantiated, the English-speaking countries either abandoned the
      practice or reduced the frequency of its performance; the only exception is the
      United States. This article examines the background for this enigma and suggests
      solutions.

PMID- 3883619
TI  - Evaluation and management of upper urinary tract obstruction in infancy and
      childhood.
AB  - Our clinical experience over the past 5 years would suggest that both the
      diuretic renogram and the Whitaker study permit an objective and quantitative
      assessment of urinary obstruction. The diagnostic accuracy of both studies
      exceeds 90 per cent, although neither study has proved to be infallible. Both
      have potential sources of error that must be monitored carefully if their
      reliability is to be maximized. Potential sources of error in the diuretic
      renogram include the state of hydration, renal functional status, distensibility
      and volume of the collecting system, a filled bladder, and ability to respond to
      the diuretic. Its reliability can be increased if the standard testing protocol
      is followed, the study closely monitored, and the limitations of the test
      realized. Interpretation of the diuretic renogram based only upon the appearance
      of the washout curve without consideration of the calculated half time or the
      sequential analogue images is unreliable and in our experience would have been
      responsible for an incorrect interpretation in 40 per cent of patients. The
      diuretic renal scan is used as the initial testing modality because it is
      reliable, reproducible, noninvasive, and objective and provides important
      information concerning individual renal function. Over 80 per cent of children
      with hydronephrosis can be completely evaluated by the diuretic renogram alone
      without the need for more invasive testing modalities. Nevertheless, the pressure
      perfusion study will continue to be necessary for the evaluation of certain
      individuals. Because of its invasive nature, we prefer to reserve this study for
      very specific, well-defined circumstances.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3883618
TI  - Urologic implications of anorectal malformations.
AB  - The urologist has assumed a major role in the management of the child with
      imperforate anus. Fistulas from the rectum to the urinary tract, as well as
      associated genitourinary anomalies such as vesicoureteral reflux, make the
      urologist an important member of the team managing imperforate anus. Special
      spheres of urologic interest occur immediately (when accurate imaging is
      important), during the first year (when urinary tract infections and acidosis may
      occur), and in later childhood and adolescence (when the management of neurogenic
      bladder or complications of previous repairs of the anorectal anomaly are
      important).

PMID- 3883621
TI  - Current issues regarding posterior urethral valves.
AB  - There are a number of factors that affect ureteral dilatation in patients with
      posterior urethral valves. These include large urinary outputs, a noncompliant
      bladder, and distal ureteric fibrosis. Dilatation alone does not imply
      obstruction, and careful studies should be obtained to document obstruction prior
      to considering any surgery. Our prejudice leads us to avoid ureteric
      reconstruction in the period immediately after valve ablation. Our findings
      suggest that these patients have hypertonic bladders immediately after valve
      ablation period, so it could be hazardous to reimplant the ureter in such a
      bladder and thereby expose these kidneys to unnecessary high pressures. Each
      patient with persistent dilatation should be treated on an individual basis. Some
      will require no treatment, some reimplantation with or without tailoring, and
      some an augmentation cystoplasty. More conservative approaches include double and
      triple voiding regimens, intermittent catheterization, anticholinergics, alpha
      sympathomimetic blockers, and regimens to decrease urinary output. These same
      regimens also seem to have a role in improving the level of continence, as does
      the onset of adolescence. Fortunately, the majority of patients with posterior
      urethral valves can be treated with valve ablation alone. Unfortunately, a number
      of patients who have creatinines of less than 1.0 mg per dl following treatment
      in the first year of life will go onto renal failure years later. Rapid
      progression to renal failure usually does not ensue until the teenage period,
      when proteinuria and hypertension seem to be the hallmarks. The progressive renal
      failure that develops in these patients may be related to the hyperfiltration
      syndrome that Brenner and Levine reported in patients with a decreased number of
      nephrons. A role for decreased intake of protein may have some influence in
      preserving the function of patients with a reduced number of nephrons and
      hopefully will affect the ultimate prognosis. The author anxiously awaits the
      formation and results of studies that will employ such a dietary regimen for
      patients with a history of severe valves in the hope of preserving renal
      function. However, such reports are not likely to be forthcoming during this
      decade.

PMID- 3883620
TI  - Transitional nephrology.
AB  - During growth from fetal life to early childhood, renal function and parameters
      used to assess renal function undergo developmental changes. This article
      provides a brief review of these maturational changes and how they affect the
      evaluation and management of young patients with diseases affecting the
      genitourinary system. Included is a discussion of renal blood flow, glomerular
      filtration, sodium and water balance, clinical assessment of renal function, and
      age-related effects of nephrotoxins.

PMID- 3883622
TI  - The management of vesicoureteric reflux.
AB  - An increasingly large volume of data is being accumulated regarding the effects
      of vesicoureteric reflux on the kidney, data that influence clinical management.
      Although concrete guidelines cannot be drawn that will apply to all patients,
      important considerations include the following: All children with documented
      urinary infections should have a voiding cystourethrogram. The voiding
      cystourethrogram may correlate with probability of spontaneous resolution of
      vesicoureteric reflux. Younger patients have a higher chance of spontaneous
      resolution of vesicoureteric reflux. There is a definite familial tendency to
      vesicoureteric reflux, and patients with significant vesicoureteric reflux and
      scarring are more likely to have affected siblings. DMSA renal scanning is highly
      sensitive in the detection of scarring. Cystoscopy may play a role in the
      evaluation of the refluxing ureterovesical junction, but does not have as much
      prognostic significance as the voiding cystourethrogram. Urodynamic investigation
      may be important in evaluating children with urinary infections, reflux, and
      symptoms of voiding dysfunction. High-grade vesicoureteric reflux is associated
      with an increased incidence of renal scarring, and the answer to optimal
      management is not yet available. Most scarring occurs in infancy or childhood.
      Nonoperative management, especially in moderate degrees of reflux, can achieve a
      high rate of success. Nonoperative management requires continuous antibiotic
      prophylaxis. Breakthrough infections or lack of compliance with nonsurgical
      management have a high complication rate and must be managed aggressively.
      Antireflux surgery can be performed with a minimal complication rate.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3883623
TI  - Evaluation and treatment of the preadolescent varicocele.
AB  - Varicocele is the most common surgically correctable cause of male infertility.
      In adult patients with varicocele and infertility, pregnancy rates following
      varicocelectomy range as high as 55 per cent in comparison with a pregnancy rate
      of only 7 per cent in unoperated controls. The initial presentation of varicocele
      occurs during puberty with the incidence in 13-year-old boys already equivalent
      to that in the general male population. This occurrence has been referred to as
      the childhood or adolescent varicocele. Varicocele is a progressive disorder in
      many if not in all cases, with an obvious individual variation in the time course
      of progression. The effects of a unilateral lesion are often noted in the
      contralateral testis. Based upon present knowledge, it is not possible to predict
      accurately the time course of progression in individual cases of childhood
      varicocele. However, significant prognostic features in adolescents with
      varicocele include the following: (1) testicular atrophy, or arrested testicular
      growth; (2) high-grade varicocele (grade II or III); (3) bilateral lesions; (4)
      pathologic GnRH stimulation test; and (5) histologic picture of Leydig-cell
      hyperplasia. The presence of these features either alone or in combination is an
      indication for treatment in our hands. Unlike adults with varicocele, it is not
      practical to follow children and adolescents with spermatograms.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3883624
TI  - Urologic considerations in the newborn.
AB  - The management of the neonate will continue to hold a special interest for the
      urologic surgeon because of the many unique aspects of neonatal physiology and
      pathology that must be considered. I would anticipate that the number of
      referrals will continue to increase, from awareness of familial patterns of
      urologic disorders, from recognition of obstructive uropathy with prenatal
      ultrasound, and from improved survival of very sick neonates by our pediatric
      colleagues. The urologist who wishes to participate in the care of these sick
      newborns must become familiar with the unique aspects of care that these babies
      demand. The future promises to be challenging, but exciting.

PMID- 3883625
TI  - Genitourinary trauma in children.
AB  - More children die from trauma than from any single disease. In children who
      sustain multiple injuries, urinary tract trauma is second only to trauma to the
      central nervous system. Most pediatric trauma is associated with vehicular and
      pedestrian accidents. However, the increased participation in contact sports and
      awareness of sports medicine injuries have increased the relative frequency and
      detection of sports-related injuries as well. Also, the urologist is frequently
      involved with, and may be legally responsible for, evaluation of children in
      possible abusive situations. The authors emphasize genitourinary injuries unique
      to the pediatric age group and update controversies in the management of more
      complex urologic injuries.

PMID- 3883626
TI  - Duplication anomalies of the upper tract in infants and children.
AB  - Duplication of the upper tract constitutes a common anomaly of the renal pelvis
      and ureter. The varied combinations and presentations provide a challenge in both
      diagnosis and treatment. The author presents a synopsis of the more common types
      of anomalies encountered along with their evaluation and treatment.

PMID- 3883627
TI  - Management of myelomeningocele.
AB  - The care of the patient with myelomeningocele has improved over the last 15
      years. Early diagnosis of urodynamic abnormalities and close monitoring of the
      urinary tract by ultrasonography have allowed the institution of prompt,
      effective therapy before upper-tract deterioration can occur. The wide acceptance
      of clean intermittent catheterization can in most circumstances eliminate the
      need for urinary diversion. Clean intermittent catheterization can alleviate
      reflux and in 85 per cent of children can promote continence. The adolescent and
      adult will continue to require observation and management to ensure their active
      place in society.

PMID- 3883628
TI  - [Automated methods and systems of detecting bacteriuria].

PMID- 3883629
TI  - [Features of therapeutic tactics in cancer of the urinary bladder and kidney in
      late middle-aged and elderly persons].

PMID- 3883630
TI  - Gardnerella vaginalis: genitourinary pathogen in men.

PMID- 3883631
TI  - Appendiceal abscess masquerading as acute urinary retention in children.
AB  - Two boys with acute urinary retention were found to have a persistent pelvic mass
      after bladder decompression. Evaluation in each disclosed a large pelvic abscess
      secondary to a ruptured appendix. The diagnosis of appendicitis may be difficult
      and appendiceal abscess presenting with acute urinary retention in children has
      been reported previously in only 7 instances. History, physical examination,
      laboratory studies, and radiographic and ultrasonic evaluations should lead to
      the correct diagnosis, and surgical intervention restores normal voiding.

PMID- 3883632
TI  - Spontaneous fistula formation in renal pelvis of transplanted kidney.
AB  - A case of spontaneous fistula formation in renal pelvis of transplanted kidney is
      reported. Three attempts at surgical correction of the fistula failed, and cure
      was achieved by longstanding nephrostomy drainage.

PMID- 3883633
TI  - Sonographic demonstration of renal arterial calcification simulating multiple
      renal calculi.
AB  - A case of arterial calcification simulating renal calculi during ultrasound
      examination is described. The differential diagnosis of echogenic foci with
      acoustic shadowing is discussed.

PMID- 3883635
TI  - Malignant lymphoma in a colony of Macaca arctoides.
AB  - Malignant lymphoma occurred in six Macaca arctoides from a colony of 83 animals
      during a 30-month period. The cells of two neoplasms had T cell markers.
      Concurrent disease processes included atypical mycobacterial disease in four
      macaques and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in one.

PMID- 3883634
TI  - Immunomorphologic and morphometric changes in pulmonary lymph nodes of sheep with
      progressive pneumonia.
AB  - Morphologic, immunohistochemical, and morphometric studies were conducted on the
      posterior mediastinal lymph nodes of eleven sheep with naturally occurring ovine
      progressive pneumonia and four apparently healthy sheep with no pulmonary lesions
      (three seropositive, one seronegative for antibody to ovine progressive pneumonia
      virus). Compared with lesion-free sheep, sheep with ovine progressive pneumonia
      had a seven-fold increase in B lymphocyte areas and a 21/2-fold increase in T
      lymphocyte areas of these lymph nodes. Immunochemistry revealed cytoplasmic
      immunoglobulin G in scattered cells of germinal centers, medullary cords and
      interfollicular areas and membrane-associated immunoglobulin G in dendritic cells
      of germinal centers. Immunoglobulin M staining cells were widely scattered in
      germinal centers and medullary cords. Although B cell hyperplasia seemed to be
      the predominant process in lymph nodes of sheep with ovine progressive pneumonia,
      this was not accompanied by the expected degree of plasmacytosis, morphologically
      and immunohistochemically. These findings may represent an aberrancy of
      immunoregulation in ovine progressive pneumonia.

PMID- 3883636
TI  - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of attaching effacing Escherichia
      coli in weanling rabbits.
AB  - A strain of an enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, originally isolated from
      diarrheic weaned rabbits, produced diarrhea in five-week-old New Zealand white
      rabbits. Sequential examination of the intestines by scanning and transmission
      electron microscopy revealed that the strain attaches first to the Peyer's patch
      dome epithelium and later to the enterocytes of distal small intestine, cecum,
      and colon. Colonized cells became rounded and detached. The colibacilli were
      intimately associated with the apical cell membrane. Both absorptive and goblet
      cells were affected. The strain caused effacement of the microvillous border of
      colonized epithelial cells. Colibacilli were regularly seen in the partially
      evacuated cavities of goblet cells, but not in absorptive epithelial cells.

PMID- 3883637
TI  - Survival of Treponema hyodysenteriae in samples of dysenteric pig faeces sent by
      post and stored at room temperature.

PMID- 3883638
TI  - Factors influencing the penetration of therapeutic substances into the eye
      following topical application.

PMID- 3883639
TI  - In vitro antimicrobial activity of hydroxy and N4-acetyl sulphonamide
      metabolites.
AB  - Hydroxylated metabolites of sulphadimidine, sulphamerazine, sulphatroxazole,
      sulphamethoxazole, and sulphadiazine exhibited antimicrobial activity against
      Escherichia coli 28 PR 271 test strain ranging from 2.5 to 39.5 per cent of that
      of the parent drug. Trimethoprim addition potentiated the antimicrobial activity
      of these metabolites. N4-acetyl sulphonamide metabolites possessed no
      antimicrobial activity, nor did trimethoprim potentiated them.

PMID- 3883640
TI  - Metaldehyde toxicity: a review.

PMID- 3883641
TI  - A review of organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity.

PMID- 3883642
TI  - 1985 Directory of Diplomates.

PMID- 3883643
TI  - Autoantibodies to pancreatic islet cells in canine diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence on normal canine pancreatic tissue fixed in Bouin's
      solution was used to detect islet cell antibodies in dogs with diabetes mellitus,
      other endocrine diseases, and pancreatitis. 18 of 25 dogs with diabetes mellitus
      alone, 2 of 8 dogs with diabetes mellitus and concurrent pancreatitis, and 2 of 2
      dogs with diabetes mellitus and concurrent pancreatic exocrine insufficiency were
      positive for autoantibody. 2 of 12 dogs with hypoadrenocorticism, 3 of 6 dogs
      with hyperadrenocorticism, 6 of 28 dogs with hypothyroidism and one of 19 dogs
      with pancreatitis alone were also antibody positive. None of 20 healthy dogs or
      20 dogs with disorders other than those of the pancreas or endocrine organs were
      antibody positive. Islet cell antibodies were demonstrated in dogs with diabetes
      mellitus and other endocrine disorders. The possibility of autoimmune involvement
      in the development of diabetes mellitus in the dog should be considered.

PMID- 3883644
TI  - The management of Japanese quail and their use in virological research: a review.
AB  - Since the domestication of Japanese quail during the last few decades, they are
      extensively used as table birds and pet birds. These birds, because of their
      physiological resemblance to chickens, inexpensive maintenance and rapid
      generation turnover are increasingly used in biomedical research including
      virology. In the present review the life cycle of birds, care and incubation of
      eggs, rearing, nutrition and naturally occurring diseases are described. The use
      of Japanese quail, their embryos and cell cultures derived from them in
      virological research are also discussed.

PMID- 3883645
TI  - [Action group of the medical unit of the 61st Army during the Vistula-Oder
      military operation].

PMID- 3883646
TI  - [Organization of the medical evacuation of the wounded and sick in a mountain
      desert area (2d report)].

PMID- 3883647
TI  - [Present characteristics of the epidemiology of influenza A].

PMID- 3883648
TI  - [Mikhail Vasil'evich Frunze (on the centenary of his birth)].

PMID- 3883649
TI  - [Statistical analysis, using the angle transformation method, of the
      effectiveness of treating patients with malignant tumors].

PMID- 3883650
TI  - [Relation of blood lipids and insulin to body fat content, body surface area and
      state of the subcutaneous fatty tissue in patients with breast and lung cancer].
AB  - The study was concerned with an evaluation of the results of examination of 203
      breast and 158 lung cancer patients. Such constitutional features as excessive
      body weight, body fat level and body surface area as well as adipocyte diameter
      and FFA profile in subcutaneous fat tissue were to be in a greater correlation
      with lipid (triglyceride, cholesterol and non-esterified FFA) levels than the
      rates of lipolysis and liposynthesis in both study groups. There may be minor
      differences in the mechanisms of hypertriglyceridemia development in breast and
      lung cancer patients. The rise in blood triglyceride level was largely due to
      basal hyperinsulinemia and glucocorticoid hyperproduction in lung cancer
      patients, whereas, in breast cancer patients it was mostly determined by
      resistance to insulin and an increase in body surface area contributed by lean
      body mass.

PMID- 3883651
TI  - [Differential diagnosis and treatment tactics in patients with carcinomatous
      gastric ulcers].

PMID- 3883652
TI  - [Perinatal effects of sex hormones and the problem of hormonal carcinogenesis].

PMID- 3883654
TI  - [Molecular mechanisms of initiation and promotion of multistage chemical
      carcinogenesis].
AB  - Multistage carcinogenesis is the process of development of neoplastic changes,
      including the successive stages of initiation and promotion which occur in a
      strict order. This process is subject to the application of a similarly strict
      sequence of exo-and/or endogenous carcinogenic factors, either of which alone is
      incapable of tumor induction. Initiation includes the phases of metabolic
      activation, interaction of reactive metabolites with DNA and fixation of induced
      lesion. It is the stage of development of such primary mutation lesions of
      genotype of target-cells as the irreversible transition of these cells to an
      "initiated" status (predisposition to transformation). Promotion is the stage of
      quantitative and quantitative-qualitative changes including secondary epigenomic
      reversible lesions of the phenotype (gene expression) of initiated cells. This
      process culminates in irreversible transformation of cells.

PMID- 3883653
TI  - [Mechanism of formation of blocking factors and method of antiblocking
      immunotherapy in malignant tumors].
AB  - A hypothesis on blocking factor formation in carcinogenesis is discussed.
      Destabilisation of cell membranes and increased levels of proteolytic enzymes in
      tumor tissue are considered to be the trigger mechanism. Protease level in large
      bowel tumor was found to be higher than in normal tissue. Plasminogen level in
      cancer patients was significantly higher than in healthy subjects. Application of
      different experimental schemes of treatment with membrane-stabilizing drugs and
      an inhibitor of protease was followed by antitumor and antiblocking effects.
      Sorption of rheumatoid factor and immune complexes from plasma led to a decrease
      in the blocking activity of plasma in vitro. In cases of rectal cancer,
      plasmapheresis was followed by tumor regression and a fall in immune complex
      concentration.

PMID- 3883655
TI  - The role of physical activity in disease prevention and treatment.

PMID- 3883656
TI  - Medical thermometry--a short history.

PMID- 3883657
TI  - Treatment of herpes zoster with corticosteroids--fact or faith?

PMID- 3883658
TI  - [Ultrasound diagnosis in pediatrics].

PMID- 3883659
TI  - [Sonographically monitored hip dysplasia].
AB  - A report is presented of the possibilities that sonography offers in the
      investigation of the hip joint in newborn babies and infants. On the basis of
      experience gained over the past 6 years in the investigation of over 5000 infant
      hips, it is possible to produce an exact classification of disorders of hip
      maturation. Sonography renders possible the early recognition of hip maturation
      disorders, selection of optimal form of treatment and control of the adopted
      therapy. Sonography is, therefore, not limited to a mere depiction of the hip
      joint, but renders possible direct control of the therapeutic procedure. However,
      an introduction to the examination and measurement technique is indispensable.

PMID- 3883660
TI  - [Ultrasound diagnosis of nephrologic and urologic diseases in pediatrics. Report
      on 1000 patients].
AB  - Urological conditions of infancy and childhood account for the largest single
      disease group requiring either surgical or medical intervention. This makes early
      detection and classification of abnormalities mandatory. This study presents an
      analysis of the results of ultrasonic screening in 1000 patients. Ultrasonic
      examination was readily instituted even in children with uncharacteristic
      symptoms for the early detection of abnormalities. Most cases of kidney and upper
      urinary tract abnormalities were diagnosable by ultrasound examination alone,
      whereby the characteristic pathoanatomical pattern of the lesion was seen. Lower
      urinary tract abnormalities were also detected with high accuracy. However, in
      most patients radiographic investigations were necessary for further
      classification. Sonography was also of great value in the initial investigation
      of acute renal failure; in patients with non-specific clinical and laboratory
      findings ultrasonography often presented the key to the diagnosis. Ultrasound
      also proved extremely useful in the follow up of patients with kidney and urinary
      tract disease. Based on the ultrasonic examination of 1000 patients it is shown
      that sonography is a most helpful and reliable method for the diagnosis or
      exclusion of kidney and/or urinary tract disease in paediatric patients of any
      age.

PMID- 3883661
TI  - [Ultrasound diagnosis of malignant diseases in pediatrics].
AB  - Grey scale abdominal ultrasound was used in a total of 146 children for primary
      diagnostic evaluation of abdominal masses and for follow-up of patients with
      malignant diseases. Of 93 patients examined for a suspected abdominal mass, 6
      showed to have an intraabdominal tumour. In each case the site of tumour origin
      could be ascertained by ultrasound. The remaining 87 patients showed no
      pathological findings and have been tumour-free at routine follow-up studies.
      Sonography proved to be also useful in the follow-up of patients with malignant
      diseases. Local recurrence or metastases could be ruled out on the basis of
      sonographic findings alone in 32 out of 35 surgically treated patients, in 3
      children with non-resectable tumours, changes in tumour size during radio- and
      chemotherapy could be studied. Diagnostic ultrasound was also of great importance
      in the assessment of complications after surgery, radio- and chemotherapy. So the
      early detection of hydronephrosis in 2 patients with treated nephroblastoma
      prevented a damage of the remaining kidney. Due to the high accuracy of
      sonography, invasive diagnostic methods could be restricted to a small number of
      patients in whom ultrasound failed to provide adequate information.

PMID- 3883662
TI  - Henoch-Schoenlein purpura: association with unusual vesicular lesions.

PMID- 3883663
TI  - [Specificity and normality of peripheral systolic pressure measurement by the
      ultrasound Doppler technic in healthy angiography-imaged extremities].
AB  - Our investigations on 108 healthy extremities, whereby in all cases normality was
      angiographically proven, demonstrate that the ankle systolic pressure (156.9 +/-
      23.8 mmHg) was significantly higher than the arm systolic pressure (140.6 +/-
      21.7 mmHg). Blood pressure was not measured at the same time but consecutively.
      We used the CW-Doppler system. The specificity is 100% if the decided limit is
      placed at minus 5 mmHg, that is, the ankle systolic pressure lies 5 mmHg, below
      the arm systolic pressure. A sufficient discrimination is also-evident if the
      determined normality limit is defined as no difference in pressure or higher
      systolic pressure in the ankle than in the arm (specifity: 98.1%). With our
      method we have found differences in the left and right lower extremities in 43.2%
      of cases. The relation of peak systolic blood pressure of the arm to that of the
      ankle was not dependent on blood pressure nor age. Our investigation has shown
      that the diagnostic reliability of the Doppler ultrasonic technique is
      particularly high.

PMID- 3883664
TI  - [Body height of German men in armor. A contribution to the question of the
      average height of soldiers in the German Empire in the 16th and 17th century with
      reference to regional and social differences and comparative anthropological
      material].

PMID- 3883665
TI  - [Significance of tonic stimuli in shaping conditioned reflexes in mollusks].

PMID- 3883667
TI  - Paradoxical refluxes in Doppler ultrasound examination of the leg veins.

PMID- 3883666
TI  - [Locomotor area of the brain stem and the hypothesis of a locomotor column].

PMID- 3883668
TI  - Early restenosis after carotid endarterectomy.

PMID- 3883669
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography as an adjunct to conventional arteriography.

PMID- 3883670
TI  - In-vitro effects of buflomedil on parameters regulating hemostatic balance via
      the prostaglandin-system.

PMID- 3883671
TI  - Contrast agent-induced thrombophlebitis following leg phlebography: lohexol
      compared with meglumine iothalamate.

PMID- 3883672
TI  - [Treatment of patients with lymphogranulomatosis, stages I and II (preliminary
      results of a randomized study--radiation and complex therapy)].

PMID- 3883673
TI  - [Psychrophilic properties of pathogenic microorganisms and their epidemiological
      and pathogenetic significance].

PMID- 3883674
TI  - [Molecular-anatomical studies in biochemical genetics].

PMID- 3883675
TI  - [Antineoplastic agents as initiators of lipid peroxidation].

PMID- 3883676
TI  - [Coronary heart disease: epidemiologic-genetic aspects].
AB  - Coronary heart disease and the risk factors which predispose to it aggregate in
      families. How much of this clustering of disease is "explained" by the familial
      resemblance in predisposing factors? The published reports which bear on this
      question fall into six distinct study designs: prospective studies, persons at
      high or low risk or persons with and without a positive family history as points
      of departure, case-control studies, studies of patients who had a coronary
      angiogram and studies in different ethnic groups. The findings of the 16
      investigations reviewed suggest that there are as yet unidentified factors -
      genetic, environmental or both - which are responsible for familial clustering of
      coronary heart disease, apart from the three main risk factors (serum lipids,
      blood pressure, smoking) and diabetes. Future research must put greater emphasis
      on studies of families rather than individuals and on closer collaboration
      between epidemiologists and geneticists, in order to fill these gaps in
      knowledge. It is likely that the individual predisposition to coronary heart
      disease is due in part to genetic influences which remain to be discovered in the
      course of such studies. They would help in identifying susceptible person in the
      population with greater precision than is now possible. The "high-risk strategy"
      of coronary heart disease prevention will become more efficient as more specific
      and sensitive tests of disease prediction are developed. In the meantime,
      preventive programmes must be put into action on the basis of what is already
      known, on the level of both the high-risk and the community-wide mass strategy.

PMID- 3883677
TI  - [Genetic aspects of heart and circulatory diseases].
AB  - Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are common, heterogenous and of multifactorial
      origin with a variety of more or less known environmental risk factors
      interacting with a certain genetic predisposition. Beside some rare monogenic
      conditions the hereditary risk factors are polygenic and acting either on a given
      CVD or again on particular predisposing conditions. This is well known for type
      II hyperlipoproteinemia, which can be observed as a rare monogenic metabolic
      disorder or as the more common polygenic variant. The relative proportions of
      genetic and environmental risk factors for CVD can be estimated only
      approximately due to the various interactions. The current methods are
      investigations for a given phenotype (e.g. LDL-cholesterol) in first-degree
      relatives of index patients and studies of concordance rates in mono- and
      dizygotic twins. The results of a large number of epidemiological studies are
      indicating that there is a considerable genetic component in the liability for
      ischemic heart disorders (especially for cardiac infarction in younger age
      groups), as well as for essential hypertension.

PMID- 3883678
TI  - [Complications and reconstructive interventions of the efferent urinary system
      following kidney transplantation].
AB  - It is reported on early and late complications on the efferent urinary system by
      667 transplantations of allogenic kidneys of corpses. The complication rate runs
      to 6.3%. Indication and performance of reconstructive surgical interventions are
      descended to in detail.

PMID- 3883680
TI  - [Comparison of bacteriologic urine studies following bladder puncture and bladder
      catheterization].
AB  - In 108 female patients with history of urinary tract infections bacteriologic
      work-up was done in urine taken by catheterisation. 85% of the urine samples were
      sterile, 15% had bacterial counts less than 10(4) ml. The incidence of
      contaminated urines was the same when the urine was controlled one and three
      weeks later again by catheterisation. When urine samples were taken by suprapubic
      bladder puncture at the time when the catheterisation was done, a significant
      higher percentage of the punctured urine was contaminated. The results were
      discussed in terms of the interpretation of bacteriologic data obtained by
      suprapubic bladder punction.

PMID- 3883679
TI  - [Sonographic evaluation of drainage relations following antireflux operations in
      childhood].
AB  - The judgment of the passage conditions after operations on the ureter and the
      kidney is of great importance. The sonography as "diagnostics of choice" allows
      an exact, non-invasive continuous control of the passage of urine in the early
      postoperative phase and in the kidney dispensary. On a larger number of patients
      is examined, which value this method obtains in the postoperative diagnostics.
      With the help of a subdivision of the disturbances of the transport of urine
      according to sonographic criteria an exact judgment is possible and restricts the
      use of radiological methods to cases with pathological sonographic findings.

PMID- 3883682
TI  - The introduction of ether anaesthesia in the Nordic countries.
AB  - The way in which the news about ether anaesthesia went from U.S.A. to Europe is
      briefly described. The first information about ether anaesthesia came to the
      Scandinavian countries in 1847 through newspapers, which had their information
      from newspapers in England, France and Germany. The professional news came to the
      respective countries from doctors who were studying medical progress in Paris or
      from French medical journals. The first Scandinavian Society to be informed was
      the Swedish, and the first ether anaesthesia was given in Stockholm about 6
      February. Denmark was next, and the first anaesthesia was given about 20 February
      in Copenhagen. In Norway, ether was used on 4 March in Christiania (Oslo), and in
      Finland on 8 March in Helsingfors (Helsinki). Anaesthesia in Iceland cannot be
      traced any earlier than 1856. A table shows when the first anaesthetics were
      given in different places in Europe and the world.

PMID- 3883681
TI  - Apneic diffusion oxygenation and continuous flow apneic ventilation. A review.
AB  - Evolution of life coincides with the most rapid rate of rise in atmospheric
      oxygen concentration during Devonian time. Oxygen is essential for life, but at
      the same time is a cellular poison if present in tensions considerably higher
      than those the particular cellular milieu has become adapted to. Animals exposed
      to low oxygen tensions breathe continuously, e.g. most species of fish obtain
      their oxygen from a continuous flow of water at low oxygen tensions. Evolution
      from water to land breathing generally is associated with intermittent breathing,
      mass movement of gas in one direction, i.e. inhalation and exhalation.
      Intermittent breathing is part of this evolutionary process and reduces the
      inspired oxygen tension from 150 mmHg (19.95 kPa) to approximately 100 mmHg (13.3
      kPa) at the alveolar blood interface. Perhaps evolution from continuous
      ventilation to intermittent breathing may be protecting the body against the high
      atmospheric oxygen tension. Therefore, it is not surprising that mammals can have
      adequate oxygen uptake with apneic diffusion oxygenation (ADO) and continuous
      flow apneic ventilation (CFAV). Mechanical ventilation classic techniques, i.e.
      intermittent positive-pressure ventilation and continuous positive-pressure
      ventilation, employ ventilatory frequencies close to the resting breathing rate
      of the adult. Utilizing low-compression patient circuits has made mechanical
      ventilation with higher frequencies possible. 60 to 400 breaths per min is used
      for high-frequency positive-pressure ventilation and high-frequency jet
      ventilation, and up to 40 Hz is used for high-frequency oscillation (HFO). The
      two extremes of artificial ventilation - ADO, i.e. supply of O2 by continuous
      flow, and HFO, i.e. supply of O2 by oscillatory changes - both primarily involve
      diffusion, even though convection (also secondary to cardiac oscillations)
      obviously is important in the process of gas exchange. Some recent experimental
      findings favor continued development and evaluation of CFAV as an additional
      alternative to artificial ventilation.

PMID- 3883683
TI  - Development and evaluation of a flow-dividing unit for differential ventilation
      and selective PEEP.
AB  - Differential ventilation with selective positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
      was studied in a two-compartment lung model, using one ventilator and a flow
      dividing unit consisting of inspiratory flow resistors and an inspiratory
      threshold valve. The compliance of each lung compartment was varied between 0.15
      and 0.23 1 X kPa-1 and the resistance was varied from 0 to 3.5 kPa X 1(-1) X s.
      The minute volume was 12 1 and the respiratory frequency 12/min, with an
      inspiratory:expiratory ratio of 1:2. An even distribution of ventilation to the
      two lung compartments was obtained with the inspiratory flow resistors or the
      threshold valve under all conditions studied. However, a stepwise increase in the
      inspiratory resistance of one lung compartment from 1.0 to 2.5 or from 2.5 to 3.5
      kPa X 1(-1) X s required readjustment of the inspiratory flow resistor to achieve
      an even distribution of ventilation, whereas the inspiratory threshold valve
      needed no readjustment. Large differences in the inspiratory impedance of the two
      lung compartments caused asynchronous gas delivery when the ventilation
      distribution was adjusted by means of the flow resistors. Use of the threshold
      valve resulted in synchronous gas delivery. The flow-dividing unit consists of
      non-active elements and can thus be connected to any ventilator.

PMID- 3883684
TI  - Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass and prostacyclin on plasma catecholamines,
      angiotensin II and arginine-vasopressin.
AB  - Infusion of prostacyclin during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) reduces platelet
      activation, diminishes postoperative blood loss and decreases arterial blood
      pressure. In spite of continuous prostacyclin infusion, there is a delayed
      gradual rise in arterial pressure and resistance from low initial levels. We
      measured epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), angiotensin II
      (ATII) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in plasma and carried out hemodynamic
      studies in 19 patients operated for coronary vascular disease. Eight patients
      served as a control group and were subjected to routine CPB. Eleven patients
      received prostacyclin 50 ng/kg/min during CPB. E and NE increased four- to
      sixfold during CPB from about 0.5 ng/ml (P less than 0.001). There was no
      difference between the groups. During CPB AVP increased sixfold from about 20
      pg/ml in both groups (P less than 0.001), decreased early after CPB and increased
      again to high levels 3 h after CPB. The combined action of E, NE and AVP is of
      likely importance for the rise in systemic vascular resistance and/or need of
      vasodilation during CPB in the control group. ATII did not increase in the
      control group, but increased fourfold to about 20 pg/ml (P less than 0.01) during
      CPB in the prostacyclin group. The addition of AT II to E, NE and AVP seems
      responsible for the gradual return of arterial pressure and resistance during
      prostacyclin infusion. Postoperative hypertension and/or need of vasodilation 3 h
      after CPB was associated with high AVP levels in both groups. Hypotension caused
      by prostacyclin infusion did not increase E, NE or AVP above levels produced by
      CPB and moderate hypotension alone.

PMID- 3883685
TI  - A comparison of the effects of flupentixol and relaxation on laboratory pain: an
      experimental study.
AB  - The present experiment compared the effects of flupentixol (0.5 mg) and
      relaxation on acute laboratory pain induced by pressure. Results showed that
      flupentixol, in general, did not have an analgetic effect, but rather a negative
      effect. Relaxation with specific training for the pain site did have pain
      relieving properties, while an "unspecific relaxation" control procedure did not
      result in significant pain relief. Possible explanations for the unexpected
      negative effect of flupentixol are discussed.

PMID- 3883686
TI  - Demonstration of immunoglobulin in brains of ferrets inoculated with an SSPE
      strain of measles virus: use of protein A conjugated to horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - Measles virus-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been found in the brains of
      patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a slowly progressing
      central nervous system (CNS) disease affecting children. IgG/albumin ratios
      indicate that the antibodies are probably synthesized in the CNS. In a ferret
      model system, protein A conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (PrAPx) was used to
      localize Ig's in brains of animals inoculated with a cell associated strain of
      SSPE. Ig's were found in plasma cells in various stages of antibody production
      both in perivascular inflammatory lesions and scattered throughout the cerebral
      cortex. These findings offer corroborative evidence that the Ig found in SSPE
      ferret brain and CSF is actively synthesized within the CNS. Antibody was also
      demonstrated in glial and neuronal cell bodies and processes and in postsynaptic
      profiles. These are the same sites where measles virus antigens are most
      frequently found and suggests the possibility of immune complex formation.

PMID- 3883687
TI  - Cerebellar plaques in familial Alzheimer's disease (Gerstmann-Straussler
      Scheinker variant?).
AB  - A large kindred, with two brothers coming to autopsy, of a syndrome consisting of
      ataxia, dementia, and some Parkinsonian features is reported; inheritance appears
      to be autosomal dominant. Neuropathologically, there were plaques and
      neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral cortex as well as some in the basal
      ganglia, particularly reminiscent of the plaques seen in Kuru; there was only
      minimal spinal cord disease (pyramidal tract field). The problems of classifying
      this condition--Alzheimer's disease with cerebellar involvement or other
      entities, such as the Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker condition (1936), especially
      now that transmission to animals in the latter has been reported--are discussed.
      Some relevant theoretical considerations derived from animal work, particularly
      in scrapie, are also reviewed.

PMID- 3883688
TI  - Effect of dexamethasone on serum protein extravasation in experimental brain
      infarcts of monkey: an immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Experimental brain infarcts were produced in 12 adult baboons (Papio
      cynocephalus) by transorbital permanent clipping of the left middle cerebral
      artery. One group (seven monkeys) received daily injections of 1 mg/kg
      dexamethasone, starting 1 h after vascular occlusion and continuing till the end
      of the experiment. Another group (five monkeys) was not treated. One week after
      vascular occlusion the volume of infarcts and peri-infarct edema was estimated
      morphometrically on histological sections, using Masson's trichrome stain and the
      peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique for visualization of serum protein
      extravasation. In the untreated animals the average volume of infarct was 6.57 +/
      4.23% (mean +/- SD) and the volume of edema 7.83 +/- 2.93% of ipsilateral
      hemisphere. In the treated animals the infarct volume was not different (7.95 +/-
      3.00%), but the volume of peri-infarct edema was significantly lower (2.82 +/-
      3.06%, p less than 0.05). The results obtained indicate that dexamethasone
      treatment reduces the development of peri-infarct edema but does not influence
      the size of infarcts.

PMID- 3883689
TI  - Ultrasonic study of follicular maturation, ovulation and development of corpus
      luteum during normal menstrual cycles.
AB  - Ovarian follicular growth, ovulation and development of corpus luteum was
      monitored with ultrasound in 29 normal menstrual cycles in 14 women. Results were
      correlated to changes in serum estradiol, LH and progesterone levels. The
      follicles reached a maximum diameter of 20.5 +/- 2.70 mm (mean +/- SD) with an
      intercycle variation of 16 to 25 mm, and growth rates ranged between -2 and 6 mm
      from the day before the LH peak to the day of the LH peak. Cumulus echoes were
      observed in all follicles with a maximum diameter of more than 17 mm and the
      cumulus appeared from 1 to 3 days before ovulation. On the day after the LH peak,
      the follicle was still present in two cycles and had disappeared from 15 cycles.
      In 11 cases different morphologic patterns could be visualized at the former
      sites of the follicles. In the middle of the luteal phase the mature corpus
      luteum was seen as an echogenic area in 16 cases and as a cyst in 1 case.

PMID- 3883690
TI  - Does cervical ripening with PGE2 affect subsequent uterine activity in labour?
AB  - Uterine activity was measured quantitatively during subsequent labor after
      prostaglandin E2 gel (PGE2). Thirty primigravidae with a low Bishop score were
      included in this randomized double-blind study. Fewer women who received PGE2
      required subsequent surgical induction. The pattern of uterine activity was
      different. Cervical dilatation was achieved with less uterine activity in the
      PGE2 group, especially during the shorter latent phase.

PMID- 3883691
TI  - Normal growth of the fetal biparietal diameter and the abdominal diameter in a
      longitudinal study. An evaluation of the two parameters in predicting fetal
      weight.
AB  - Normal growth curves of the fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) and abdominal
      diameter (AD) were measured by ultrasound in 41 normal pregnant women who had had
      regular menstruation with a known last menstrual period. The women were studied
      longitudinally from the 13th - 14th week of gestation and thereafter every 2-4
      weeks until spontaneous onset of labor. The BPD curve proved to be uniform, with
      a deviation of 4.7 days (1 SD) before the 21st week. A 3rd-degree polynomial was
      found to be adequate to describe the results for BPD and AD. The value of
      longitudinal studies is emphasized by the fact that by using the same curve with
      individual plateaus rather than a common curve, as most often reported in the
      literature, it is possible to reduce the variance for BPD and AD by 54% and 40%
      respectively. There was a difference of up to 7 days for the mean BPD value prior
      to the 24th week of gestation between the present results and previously
      published normal curves collected in cross-sectional investigations. When
      calculating the mean fetal weight on the basis of measuring the BPD and AD, we
      found a linear correlation between the estimated fetal weight in the 3rd
      trimester and the duration of pregnancy (r = 0.99, p less than 0.001). The mean
      percentual difference in weight between the estimated and the actual weight was
      1.2% +/- 10.5% (1 SD), which is acceptable for routine clinical use.

PMID- 3883692
TI  - Assessment of gestational age by ultrasonic measurement of the femur length.
AB  - The effectiveness of ultrasonic femur length measurement from 12 to 40 week's
      gestation, as a means of assessing fetal age, was tested and compared with that
      of biparietal cephalometry. The femur length and biparietal diameter (BPD) were
      obtained from 471 measurements, from pregnant women with confirmed datings, using
      real-time scanning with a 3,5 mHz transducer frequency. Using a freeze frame and
      electronic calipers, the mean value of three consecutive measurements of the
      femur, when visualized with its characteristic appearance, was recorded. Linear
      regression analysis with the correlation coefficient of the femur growth-curve (r
      = 0.989, p less than 0.001) and that of the BPD (r = 0.985, p less than 0.001)
      showed that the former is as good as the latter. The femur growth-curve from 12
      to 40 week's gestation with a mean +/- 2 SD was constructed. Estimation of fetal
      age by femur length measurement was compared with that assessed by the BPD in a
      further 54 women. A close correlation was found (r = 0.993, p less than 0.001).
      Measurement of the fetal femur appears to be a reliable method for assessing
      gestational age, which can compensate for the limitations of the BPD method.

PMID- 3883694
TI  - An acardiac acephalic anomaly detected on sonography.

PMID- 3883693
TI  - Giant chorioangioma of the placenta.
AB  - We report a case of giant chorioangioma of the placenta which was complicated by
      breech presentation, placenta praevia, hydramnios, toxemia and premature
      separation of the placenta. These complications are described separately in the
      literature as being associated with chorioangioma of the placenta, but rarely
      appear together in a single case.

PMID- 3883695
TI  - Comparative genotoxicity and nephrotoxicity studies of the two halogenated flame
      retardants tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate and tris(2,3
      dibromopropyl)phosphate.
AB  - Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (Tris-CP) was metabolized to products which
      were mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium TA100 in the presence of liver
      microsomes from phenobarbital (PB)-pretreated rats and NADPH. Effects of various
      inhibitors and inducers of cytochrome P-450 on Tris-CP mutagenicity were in
      accordance with PB-inducible forms of this enzyme system being responsible for
      the formation of mutagenic product(s). A comparison was made between the toxic
      potential of the two halogenated flame retardants Tris-CP and tris(2,3
      dibromopropyl)phosphate (Tris-BP) in 5 in vitro tests. Tris-CP was much less
      potent than Tris-BP with respect to bacterial (Salmonella/microsome or
      Salmonella/hepatocyte assay) and mammalian (V79 cells) mutagenicity, as well as
      DNA repair synthesis in hepatocytes. On the other hand, Tris-CP and Tris-BP were
      both equally effective in transforming Syrian hamster embryo cells in vitro. Tris
      CP was not nephrotoxic to rats after a single dose of 500 mg/kg
      intraperitoneally, whereas Tris-BP caused extensive tubular necrosis accompanied
      by elevated levels of plasma urea and creatinine.

PMID- 3883696
TI  - Tolerability and therapeutic effect of clozapine. A retrospective investigation
      of 216 patients treated with clozapine for up to 12 years.
AB  - Two hundred and sixteen psychiatric patients (183 men and 33 women) hospitalized
      in Sct. Hans Hospital were treated with clozapine between 1971-1983. All had been
      treated previously with one or more neuroleptic(s) and had either failed to
      respond adequately, or their response was limited by side effects. Eighty-five
      patients were treated exclusively with clozapine, while the remaining 131
      received additional medication, mainly other neuroleptic drugs. The mean
      clozapine dosage was 317 mg/day (range 50-1200), and the mean duration of
      treatment was 23/4 years (range 1/12-12). The tolerability to clozapine was
      determined by an evaluation of haematological changes, pronounced side effects
      and mortality. One patient treated with clozapine (8 months) and nitrofurantoin
      (8 days) developed a reversible granulocytopenia. One patient (treated with a
      combination of drugs) had clinically insignificant depression of the leucocytes
      and three of segmented granulocytes. Seven had a reduction in thrombocytes. Two
      patients developed cardiac insufficiency, and four epileptic seizures. None of
      the patients treated exclusively with clozapine developed neurological side
      effects. A global estimation of therapeutic effect revealed that clozapine alone
      or in combination with other neuroleptic drugs was significantly better than
      previous antipsychotic therapy, although 47-63% of the patients showed no change.
      It is concluded that clozapine is a potent antipsychotic drug offering particular
      advantages in the treatment of schizophrenic patients with a pronounced
      symptomatology and tendency towards developing extrapyramidal side effects.
      Caution is advised in patients with cardiac insufficiency and epilepsy. There
      appears to be a slight risk of granulocytopenia, and therefore the present
      monitoring of WBC should continue in order to prevent this reaction and to obtain
      more complete information regarding risk of granulocytopenia.

PMID- 3883697
TI  - A double-blind comparison of alaproclate and placebo in the treatment of patients
      with senile dementia.
AB  - A double-blind parallel comparison of alaproclate and placebo was carried out in
      patients suffering from senile dementia of primary degenerative type, or
      multiinfarction dementia. Both groups consisted of 20 patients each, valid for
      efficacy evaluation. The patients received either alaproclate 200 mg twice daily
      or placebo according to a randomized procedure. The study started with a placebo
      washout period of 2 weeks followed by a 4-week period of active treatment or
      placebo and a finishing 2-week placebo washout period. The efficacy was evaluated
      with a dementia rating scale by Gottfries, Brane and Steen (GBS), selected items
      from the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS), a rating scale for
      dementia adapted for nurses, and by clinical global evaluations. No difference in
      efficacy between the two treatments was observed with the exception of the
      intellectual factor of the GBS scale, where a statistically significant
      improvement was detected in the alaproclate group compared with the placebo
      group. There were no serious adverse symptoms.

PMID- 3883698
TI  - Vesicoureteral reflux and reflux nephropathy.
AB  - Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is mainly a primary phenomenon due to incompetence of
      the ureterovesical junction, mostly affecting a pediatric population. During
      micturition cystourethrography (MCU) reflux into the kidney--intrarenal reflux
      (IRR)--is occasionally seen. In areas with IRR the kidney surface may
      subsequently be depressed and the papillae retracted (reflux nephropathy (RN].
      VUR may lead to hypertension and/or end-stage renal failure. Most commonly, VUR
      is discovered during evaluation for urinary tract infection, but it may also be
      present in patients with hypertension, toxemia of pregnancy, chronic renal
      failure and proteinuria, and it may be found in siblings of patients with VUR.
      For the time being VUR is demonstrated at radiographic MCU, whereas RN is
      diagnosed by demonstration of focal scars and of abnormal parenchymal thickness
      at urography. In children with VUR and no abnormalities of calyces or parenchymal
      defects standardized measurement of the parenchymal thickness at three sites may
      identify kidneys which are likely to develop focal scars. Quantitation of focal
      scarring should be performed in connection with a measure of the overall kidney
      size. The occurrence of IRR is dependent of the papillary morphology, intrapelvic
      pressure and urine flow. There may be an important relationship between renal
      ischemia and IRR in producing a 'vicious circle of deleterious effects' which,
      combined with parenchymal extravasation, may lead to RN. Treatment of VUR
      includes medical and surgical management. Since renal scarring may occur in
      infancy, prevention should focus on infants and young children. Infants and young
      children with severe VUR may have normal urograms. Therefore a MCU should also be
      performed, preferably with the recommended standardized technique.

PMID- 3883699
TI  - Kidney size in children assessed by ultrasonography and urography.
AB  - The accuracy of ultrasonographic evaluation of kidney size using the parameter of
      kidney length was compared with radiographic kidney length assessment by
      urography. The examination was performed in 102 children 0 to 14 years old in
      which 427 length comparisons for the right and left kidney were made.
      Approximately 85 per cent of all differences noted were within a variation
      interval of 0 to 1.0 cm which was considered to be a good accuracy and consistent
      with results previously reported. Ultrasonography was therefore regarded as a
      reliable and suitable alternative to urography in periodic controls of kidney
      size and growth in children.

PMID- 3883700
TI  - Antacids in the treatment of duodenal ulcer.
AB  - Fifty patients with endoscopically proven pyloric-prepyloric ulcers (PU/PPU) and
      50 with duodenal ulcers (DU) completed a six-week double-blind clinical trial
      initially comprising 124 patients. The antacid-treated patients received 10 ml of
      an antacid suspension seven times a day (buffering 367.5 mmol acid). Healing rate
      after three weeks of treatment was 74% in the antacid and 42% in the placebo
      group (p less than 0.01). After six weeks the corresponding figures were 96 and
      68% (p less than 0.001). Regarding the PU/PPU and DU subgroups we found
      significant differences compared to placebo in the PU/PPU group only. Antacids
      caused a significantly faster and more perceptible pain relief than placebo. We
      found no significant correlation between ulcer healing and smoking habits.
      Regression analyses showed that, besides antacids, ulcer size and peak acid
      output influenced the healing rate significantly.

PMID- 3883701
TI  - ADP-induced platelet aggregation and metoprolol treatment of myocardial
      infarction patients. A controlled study.
AB  - The effect of metoprolol on platelet aggregation was investigated in a group of
      postmyocardial infarction (MI) patients. The study was double-blind and included
      63 subjects; 30 patients were maintained on metoprolol and 33 received placebo
      treatment. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation was carried
      out in each subject close to 4 weeks after the acute MI. It was demonstrated that
      metoprolol as compared to placebo did not influence ADP-induced platelet
      aggregation in the present clinical setting.

PMID- 3883702
TI  - Exercise treatment in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3883703
TI  - Effects of previous intake of glucose on postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2
      diabetics.
AB  - Previous glucose improves subsequent glucose tolerance (the Staub-Traugott
      effect) in normal man. We have investigated whether a small amount of glucose (5
      g) given perorally 30 min before breakfast would improve postprandial
      hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetics (19 patients). Blood glucose was increased 30
      min after glucose ingestion (from 7.6 +/- 0.4 to 8.7 +/- 0.4 mmol/l, p less than
      0.001). Total glucose areas measured between the time of glucose ingestion and
      180 min after breakfast were similar during test and control conditions
      (breakfast alone). Apparent differences between individuals with regard to the
      effects of previous glucose on hyperglycemia were further analyzed. Differences
      could not be explained by interexperimental variation since they persisted on
      repeated testing (3 patients). Differences were not correlated with age, sex,
      duration of diabetes, obesity, fasting blood glucose or the insulin responses
      evoked in the experiments. We conclude that a small amount of glucose before
      breakfast fails to ameliorate postprandial hyperglycemia in overt type 2
      diabetics except in individual patients in whom, in turn, the effect is not
      directly related to insulin secretion.

PMID- 3883705
TI  - Borderline hypertension. Circulatory, sympatho-adrenal and psychological
      reactions to stress.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine circulatory and sympatho-adrenal
      responsiveness in borderline hypertensives compared to established hypertensives
      and normotensive controls under conditions of physical and mental provocation.
      Measurements of plasma catecholamines or the urinary excretion of their
      metabolites were used as indicators of sympathetic activity and psychological
      variables were assessed by means of self-ratings. There were several signs of an
      increased neurogenic influence in borderline hypertensives. Urinary catecholamine
      excretion was related to body measures only in this group. During mental stress,
      induced by a filmed version of Stroop's colour word test, there were signs of an
      enhanced hypothalamic defence reaction in the borderline group, as judged by
      increased circulatory responses and higher plasma adrenaline levels. These signs
      of increased arousal could be associated with a tendency to compensate for a
      slightly decreased accuracy in task performance compared to controls by
      increasing effort. This led to a negative relationship between subjective stress
      and performance, present only in the borderline group. In another group of
      borderline hypertensives, the effects of personal control over work pace were
      compared to normotensives. Personal control reduced circulatory responses to
      mental arithmetics in controls, but had no beneficial effect in the borderline
      group. Also in this study, there were signs of an enhanced defence reaction in
      borderline hypertensives. Higher arousal levels in borderline hypertensives may,
      theoretically, be explained by personality differences. During an isometric
      handgrip test, borderline hypertensives showed a tendency towards increased alpha
      adrenergic vasoconstriction compared to both established hypertensives and
      controls. A somewhat higher diastolic blood pressure variability, lower plasma
      volume and higher venous tone compared to normal also suggest increased
      neurogenic influences in borderline hypertension. There are similarities between
      the borderline hypertensive state and the circulatory and sympatho-adrenal
      pattern of the hypothalamic defence reaction. An enhancement of this reaction is
      particularly evident during mental stress, whereas somatic provocations such as
      an orthostatic test, a cold pressor test and physical work produce more similar
      responses compared to established hypertensives and controls. An increased
      reactivity to mental stress, especially when personal initiative is challenged,
      may contribute to the increased cardio-vascular morbidity of borderline
      hypertensives as a group.

PMID- 3883706
TI  - Granular cell tumour in the third ventricle. Case report with histological,
      electron-microscopic, immunohistochemical and necropsy findings.
AB  - A rare granular cell tumour was found in the third ventricle of a 56-year-old
      woman. Histological and electron-microscopic features obtained from the biopsy
      material were identical to those of previously recorded cases.
      Immunohistochemical study demonstrated vimentin but not S-100 protein in the
      tumour cells. The possibility should be re-considered that granular cell tumours
      may have more than one cell of origin.

PMID- 3883704
TI  - The effect of education and self-monitoring of blood glucose on glycosylated
      hemoglobin in type I diabetes. A controlled 18-month trial in a representative
      population.
AB  - The influence on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) of formal education as compared
      with self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) was studied in a randomized 18-month
      trial. All adult type I diabetics in a community were identified. Forty-one of
      these patients had had diabetes for 20 years or less. Thirty-seven patients were
      included in the study and finally randomized into four groups. Ten patients
      received individual formal education followed by SMBG, eight patients were
      instructed in SMBG without pre-education, nine patients were given only formal
      education and 10 patients made up a reference group. Education did not improve
      the mean HbA1 values. SMBG resulted in a decrease by 2% in HbA1, from 12 to 10%
      (p less than 0.05). The final HbA1 level, however, did not differ significantly
      between any of the groups. SMBG was accepted by 80% of the patients. The
      liability to hypoglycemia was about equal in the four groups. It was concluded
      that SMBG, but not education, improved metabolic control to a certain degree.

PMID- 3883707
TI  - Acute spinal epidural empyema. Observations from seven cases.
AB  - Seven cases with an acute epidural spinal empyema are presented. The best results
      are observed in cases with early treatment. Since this rare condition is not
      widely known and swift diagnosis and treatment is imperative, it is stressed that
      immediate referral of the patient with back pain and any signs of infection in
      addition to commencing neurological abnormalities to a neurological unit for
      myelography can be vital or can at least reduce the risk of permanent paraplegia.

PMID- 3883708
TI  - Sonographic features of portal vein thrombosis.
AB  - The ability of real-time sonography to demonstrate the liver venous network is
      well documented. Sonographic features of 21 cases of unsuspected portal vein
      thrombosis, detected by a screening sonography of the upper abdomen and
      subsequently confirmed by computed tomography, angiography, or surgery, are
      discussed. Sonographic features of portal vein thrombosis were an echogenic
      thrombus within the lumen of the vein (67%), demonstration of portal vein
      collateral circulation (48%), enlargement of the thrombosed segment of the vein
      (38%), and the so-called cavernomatous transformation of the portal vein (19%).
      Echogenic endoluminal thrombi were observed with the same incidences in malignant
      and benign disease. Sonography, unlike angiography, was unable to characterize
      neoplastic thrombi; only the combination of an echogenic thrombus and an adjacent
      hepatic mass was strongly suggestive of malignancy, especially hepatoma. The
      extensive use of sonography as a screening test in upper abdomen pathology will
      probably improve the detection of portal vein thrombosis, a diagnosis until now
      considered rare.

PMID- 3883709
TI  - Sonographic measurement of the extrahepatic bile duct before and after retrograde
      cholangiography.
AB  - The maximum diameter of the extrahepatic bile duct visible on cholesonograms was
      measured immediately before and immediately after endoscopic retrograde
      cannulation and injection of the biliary and pancreatic ducts (ERCP) in 24
      patients. Sonographic bile duct diameter increased by 3 mm or more in nine
      patients, all of whom had had a previous cholecystectomy. Bile duct diameter was
      unchanged in the remaining 15 patients, six of whom had had cholecystectomy. The
      technical performance of ERCP alone will alter bile duct diameter in a
      significant proportion of patients having endoscopic cannulation of the biliary
      tree. This is particularly so for patients who have had their gallbladders
      removed. The true diameter of the extrahepatic bile duct cannot be determined in
      many patients by simple measurement of images obtained at ERCP, even when
      corrections are made for radiographic magnification.

PMID- 3883710
TI  - Sonography of post-cesarean-section bladder-flap hematoma.
AB  - A bladder-flap hematoma is an unusual complication of a lower-uterine transverse
      cesarean section. As a result of bleeding at the incision site, a hematoma forms
      between the bladder and lower uterine segment. The clinical, sonographic, and
      surgical findings in seven patients with this complication are described. In all,
      sonography showed a solid or complex mass of varying sizes interposed between the
      posterior bladder wall and the anterior uterine wall. Differentiation of a
      hematoma from an infected hematoma/abscess can be difficult, but the presence of
      air in the mass strongly suggests the latter. Sonography can detect this
      complication easily and accurately, and therefore significantly focus and guide
      therapy.

PMID- 3883711
TI  - Sonographic detection of partial uterine inversion.

PMID- 3883712
TI  - Rapid cytology to decrease pneumothorax incidence after percutaneous biopsy.

PMID- 3883713
TI  - Sonography as a substitute for excretory urography in children with urinary tract
      infection.
AB  - The possibility was explored of substituting renal sonography for excretory
      urography in children with urinary tract infection. Seventy-one patients were
      studied prospectively with voiding cystourethrography, sonography, and excretory
      urography; each examination was reviewed independently and without knowledge of
      the results of the others. Compared with urography the sensitivity and
      specificity of sonography was 100% and 51%, respectively, provided sonograms were
      of good technical quality. In a few instances, however, focal renal parenchymal
      scars were clearly seen only on urography. The findings suggest that in the
      absence of vesicoureteral reflux children with urinary tract infection should be
      studied with sonography. No further study is needed if a good-quality sonogram is
      within normal limits. In the presence of vesicoureteral reflux, however, or a
      suspicious or abnormal sonogram, excretory urography appears to be still
      necessary, at least at the present level of knowledge and technical expertise.

PMID- 3883715
TI  - Sonographic recognition of gyral infarction in meningitis.

PMID- 3883714
TI  - Clinical course of fetal hydrocephalus: 40 cases.
AB  - The clinical course and outcome of hydrocephalus diagnosed in utero is not well
      understood. To approach this problem 40 cases were reviewed of intrauterine fetal
      hydrocephalus diagnosed with sonography, and follow-up information was obtained
      regarding them. Sonograms were evaluated for cerebral dimensions, biparietal
      diameter, brain mantle size, ventricular ratio, amount of amniotic fluid, and
      associated abnormalities. Neonatal brain sonograms and computed tomographic (CT)
      scans were reviewed also. Clinical charts were reviewed for maternal age and
      parity, referral source, family history, fetal age at diagnosis and delivery,
      mode of delivery, physical examination and/or autopsy findings, karyotype,
      amniotic alpha 1 fetoprotein level, cause of death, shunt placement after birth,
      and status of live infants. The observations indicate that the prognosis for
      fetal hydrocephalus is poor. Only six infants (15%) were alive after an average
      follow-up of 13 months. Three children were normal and the other three had
      neurologic abnormalities ranging from severe (paralysis and incontinence) to
      minimal (2-3 months delayed motor development). Thirty-four fetuses or neonates
      died. Nine families elected to terminate pregnancy. Ten opted for decompression
      at delivery for progressive hydrocephalus. Neural tube defects were present in 12
      of 23 infants at delivery. Fourteen other infants had additional significant
      congenital abnormalities. Other abnormal sonographic findings included
      polyhydramnios (13 of 38), oligohydramnios or decreased fluid (nine of 38),
      neural tube defect (nine of 40), and other congenital abnormalities (nine of 40).
      These findings indicate that hydrocephalus diagnosed in utero by sonography is
      caused by a heterogeneous group of disorders. In general, the prognosis for
      normal development is poor. Individual prognoses, however, depend on the specific
      malformations and the interventions used.

PMID- 3883716
TI  - The family physician and adoption.
AB  - The family physician's involvement with an adoptive family begins when the family
      first decides to adopt a child, often after an unsuccessful infertility work-up.
      Consequently, the physician must have some knowledge of basic adoption issues.
      The physician should be aware of the situations and problems that are unique to
      adoptive families, whether or not they are in crisis as a result of the adoption.

PMID- 3883717
TI  - The significance of the subendocardial infarction.
AB  - Myocardial infarction without the development of Q waves on ECG should be labeled
      "non-Q-wave" rather than "subendocardial." The non-Q-wave infarction has doubtful
      significance in the patient with a prior myocardial infarction. However, as the
      first myocardial infarction, it is associated with lesser degrees of coronary
      artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. It usually represents a smaller
      area of infarction, and it carries a favorable prognosis, especially in patients
      under 60.

PMID- 3883718
TI  - Pneumonia in the elderly: a nursing home perspective.
AB  - The development of pneumonia is a life-threatening event in a nursing home
      resident. Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae are major identifiable
      bacterial pathogens. Some elderly patients with pneumonia can be effectively
      treated in the nursing home. The clinical impression of pneumonia merits
      radiologic confirmation. Cefuroxime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and cefaclor
      offer theoretic advantages in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia in elderly
      nursing home residents.

PMID- 3883719
TI  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - This serious disorder of young adults is characterized by fever, hemolytic
      anemia, hemorrhagic signs, various neurologic abnormalities and renal
      dysfunction. Laboratory findings include a negative Coombs' test for hemolytic
      anemia, severe thrombocytopenia, and fragmented erythrocytes on the peripheral
      blood smear. Without treatment, mortality may exceed 80 percent. Early diagnosis
      and prompt therapy with high-dose corticosteroids and antiplatelet agents, as
      well as exchange plasmapheresis when indicated, bring about remission in 60 to 80
      percent of patients.

PMID- 3883720
TI  - Management of corneal foreign bodies.
AB  - Optimal management of corneal foreign-body injuries includes an accurate history,
      thorough examination of both eyes, atraumatic removal of the foreign body,
      elimination of the rust ring, appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis and protective
      patching. Pitfalls to be avoided include using topical steroids, which may
      promote ulceration from fungal contaminants, and prescribing topical anesthetics,
      which can mask the pain of a retained tarsal foreign body or a developing corneal
      ulcer. Careful records of care and follow-up are essential.

PMID- 3883721
TI  - Occupational health monitoring and surveillance.
AB  - The design of monitoring and surveillance programs is advancing rapidly.
      Surveillance is a strategy to determine a group experience with a particular
      disease outcome, while monitoring focuses on the overall health experience of the
      group. Screening tests for early detection of abnormalities related to exposure
      are selected on the basis of sensitivity, specificity and the prevalence of the
      abnormality. Family physicians are increasingly involved in these programs, and
      must understand their rationale and legal framework.

PMID- 3883722
TI  - The cocaine habit.
AB  - Although cocaine is considered "safe" by many drug abusers, serious psychosocial
      problems and medical complications, including death, can occur as the direct
      result of addiction to this drug. The mainstays of therapy include motivation,
      meticulous physical and laboratory evaluation, abstinence, and support during
      withdrawal. Diazepam and propranolol drugs are useful during this difficult
      period. Several commonly used psychotropic drugs are contraindicated. Supportive
      care and counseling are helpful, but a relapse is probable.

PMID- 3883723
TI  - Coping with the chronic complainer.
AB  - "Somatoform disorders" are characterized by symptoms suggesting a physical
      illness for which there are no demonstrable organic findings and which seems
      linked to psychologic factors. Often viewed mainly as chronic complainers,
      patients with these disorders require thorough evaluation. The physician's goal
      is to help the patient to function. This is accomplished by reassuring the
      patient that he will receive care, offering regular appointments, avoiding
      unnecessary tests and counseling the family.

PMID- 3883724
TI  - Urinary tract stones.

PMID- 3883725
TI  - Diagnostic ultrasound.

PMID- 3883727
TI  - Innominate artery aneurysm.

PMID- 3883726
TI  - The aging ear.
AB  - Otosclerosis begins in the second and third decades of life but usually does not
      produce a hearing loss until after the fourth decade. Chalky white plaques in the
      tympanic membrane may be benign, but when associated with hearing loss may point
      to tympanosclerosis. Presbycusis is the most common cause of hearing loss.
      Unilateral hearing loss raises the specter of acoustic neuroma.

PMID- 3883728
TI  - Efficacy of flecainide in the management of ventricular arrhythmias: comparative
      study with amiodarone.
AB  - The effects on ventricular arrhythmias of a new class IA drug, flecainide, were
      compared with those of amiodarone in 10 patients with frequent, chronic, and
      stable ventricular ectopic beats (VEBs). The study consisted of an initial 1
      week, placebo-controlled, baseline period followed by two 12-day, randomized,
      crossover, double-blind treatment periods with incremental dosage and 1 month of
      placebo between drug periods. Frequent VEBs, which were present in all 10
      patients during both placebo control periods (30 or more VEBs/hour every hour,
      during 24-hour Holter monitoring), were markedly suppressed (reduction greater
      than 80%) in nine patients with both drugs (p less than 0.01). There was almost
      total abolition of the VEBs in six patients with flecainide, and the satisfactory
      results with a minimal dose in three demonstrate its fast onset of action. Side
      effects from either agent were infrequent and no discontinuation was necessary.
      We conclude from our study that flecainide is a highly effective antiarrhythmic
      agent.

PMID- 3883729
TI  - Crossover comparison of captopril and propranolol as step 2 agents in
      hypertension.
AB  - The efficacy of captopril treatment was compared with that of propranolol in a
      single-blind crossover study in 14 patients with essential hypertension
      uncontrolled on diuretic alone. Both captopril (37.5 to 75 mg daily) and
      propranolol (60 to 120 mg daily), in combination with hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg
      daily), caused a significant fall in sitting systolic and diastolic blood
      pressure. Heart rate, plasma renin activity, and plasma aldosterone data were
      consistent with the effects of converting enzyme inhibition or beta blockade.
      Both drugs were well tolerated. Captopril appeared to be equivalent in efficacy
      and safety to propranolol when added to hydrochlorothiazide. It may be considered
      as an alternative step 2 antihypertensive agent, especially in patients
      experiencing unwanted effects on beta blockers.

PMID- 3883730
TI  - Isolated pulmonic valve infective endocarditis: a diagnostically elusive entity.

PMID- 3883731
TI  - Correction of the QT interval for heart rate: review of different formulas and
      the use of Bazett's formula in myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3883732
TI  - Exercise tolerance in coronary patients: randomized trial of two-week treatment
      with molsidomine versus placebo.
AB  - Using a randomized, double-blind, crossover protocol, we compared the effects of
      oral molsidomine (Corvaton, 6 mg/day) and placebo, administered alternately for
      two 14-day periods, on the exercise tolerance of 25 outpatients with coronary
      heart disease. Resting heart rate and oxygen consumption increased by 6.8% (p
      less than 0.005) and 12.6% (p less than 0.01), while peripheral systolic blood
      pressure was reduced by 5.1% (p less than 0.05). At submaximal workloads,
      systolic and diastolic blood pressures were reduced by 5.6% (p less than 0.001)
      and 6.1% (p less than 0.001), the pressure-rate product was reduced by 8.5% (p
      less than 0.05), and ST segment depression was reduced by 40.0% (p less than
      0.005). At maximal exercise level, mechanical power increased by 32.4% (p less
      than 0.001) and oxygen consumption by 15.5% (p less than 0.005), while ST segment
      depression was reduced by 30.6% (p less than 0.001). No alteration was found in
      postexercise lung function tests. It is concluded that molsidomine reduces
      myocardial ischemia at both submaximal and maximal work levels and increases
      exercise tolerance significantly. These effects could be related to reduced
      myocardial oxygen requirements, reflected in a lower pressure-rate product at
      submaximal exercise and perhaps enhanced by a lower preload, which, moreover,
      would favor coronary flow in subendocardial layers. The drug has no adverse
      bronchopulmonary effects.

PMID- 3883733
TI  - Effectiveness of molsidomine in the long-term treatment of exertional angina
      pectoris and chronic congestive heart failure.
AB  - Molsidomine, similar to nitrates, improves myocardial blood flow in hypoperfused,
      poststenotic myocardial regions, reduces left ventricular pressure and volumes,
      and leads to improvement in impaired regional wall motion. In patients with
      chronic, stable anginal pectoris who underwent long-term treatment with 2 mg of
      molsidomine three times daily there were reductions in ST segment depression of
      45% and 9% at 1 and 3 hours after administration, respectively, and slight but
      statistically significant reductions in the rates of anginal attacks and nitrate
      consumption of 16% and 18%. Administration of 3 mg three times daily did not
      render more significant effects. Doubling the frequency of administration--that
      is, 2 mg six times daily--led to reductions in the rates of anginal attacks and
      nitrate consumption of 38% and 36%, respectively, and 4 mg led to a more marked
      reduction in ST segment depression of 57%. With administration of 8 mg of
      sustained-release molsidomine, a prolonged antiischemic effect was documented
      with reductions in ST segment depression of 74% at 1 hour and 31% at 8 hours
      after medication. In patients with congestive heart failure, 1 hour after
      administration of 4 mg of molsidomine there were significant reductions in
      systolic and diastolic pulmonary artery pressures of 25% and 30%, respectively.
      After 7 days of continuous treatment with 4 mg of molsidomine four times daily,
      comparable reductions in pulmonary artery pressure were observed. Thus
      molsidomine, in adequate dosages, elicits an unequivocal anti-ischemic and
      antianginal effect as well as a salutary reduction in left ventricular filling
      pressure.

PMID- 3883734
TI  - Clinical and hemodynamic effects of the new dilator drug molsidomine.
AB  - The effects of a single 2 mg oral dose of molsidomine were assessed with
      treadmill multistage exercise testing in six men with stable angina. A double
      blind, placebo-controlled protocol was used, with exercise to the point when
      anginal pain forced the patient to stop. Exercise was undertaken before and at
      1/2, 1 1/2, 4, and 6 hours after drug administration. Molsidomine improved
      exercise performance, with the best antianginal effect at 1 1/2 hours after
      administration, when the mean times to limiting angina were approximately 6 3/4
      minutes with placebo and 11 1/2 minutes with molsidomine (p less than 0.05). The
      corresponding energy expenditures were 33.8 and 77.6 mets, an increase of 130%
      with the active drug. Intra-arterial blood pressure recording verified that
      molsidomine had a vasodilator hemodynamic profile, and the immediate postexercise
      rate-pressure product 1 1/2 hours after molsidomine treatment was 232 mm Hg/min X
      10(-2), compared with 183 mm Hg/min X 10(-2) after administration of placebo
      (NS). Side effects of molsidomine were limited to headache in two patients.

PMID- 3883735
TI  - Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of molsidomine in patients
      with stable effort angina receiving beta-blocker therapy with atenolol.
AB  - A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed in 12 patients
      with chronic and stable effort angina to study the antianginal and anti-ischemic
      actions of a single dose of molsidomine in addition to long-term therapy with a
      long-acting beta-adrenergic blocker (100 mg of atenolol daily). Efficacy was
      assessed by means of objective endpoints obtained by computer-assisted exercise
      testing. The mean exercise time to produce angina improved significantly from 330
      +/- 38 seconds (mean +/- SEM) in patients after administration of atenolol and
      placebo to 420 +/- 36 seconds after administration of atenolol and molsidomine.
      Similar significant improvements were seen in ST segment changes at an identical
      exercise duration, in maximal heart rate, and in maximal exercise duration. The
      increased anginal threshold and the reduced ischemic changes were not explained
      by changes in the rate-pressure product at submaximal levels. Thus molsidomine
      showed antianginal and anti-ischemic efficacy in the treatment of stable effort
      angina additional to the effect of long-term therapy with beta-adrenergic
      blockers.

PMID- 3883736
TI  - Evaluation of the chronic antianginal effect of molsidomine.
AB  - The activity of molsidomine, a new antianginal drug, was investigated in 33
      patients treated for 3 months with doses of 2 mg, three or four times daily.
      Exertional angina was present before treatment in 16 patients, spontaneous angina
      in 5, and mixed angina in twelve. Thirty patients completed the study, and three
      retired because of side effects. A reduction in the number of attacks of more
      than 75% in comparison to the pretreatment period was obtained in 20 cases, a
      diminution between 50% and 75% in 6, and a reduction below 50% in 6. Satisfactory
      increases in the duration (from 6 minutes 25 seconds to 11 minutes 40 seconds)
      and maximum load (89.6 to 139.3 W) were obtained in 80% of the cases of effort
      angina. A dramatic and statistically significant reduction of attacks was
      observed in the first 48 hours in 8 of 11 patients with spontaneous angina. Side
      effects were predominantly gastrointestinal and caused the interruption of
      treatment in 10% of the cases. Molsidomine seems to be a very promising drug for
      the treatment of effort and spontaneous angina.

PMID- 3883737
TI  - Long-term clinical and hemodynamic results of molsidomine treatment in patients
      with refractory heart failure.
AB  - In this report we describe the clinical and hemodynamic response of refractory
      cardiac failure to molsidomine. In the first part of the study the hemodynamic
      effects of a single oral dose of 2 or 4 mg of molsidomine were compared with
      placebo control in 23 patients. In the second phase the dose 8 to 24 mg/24 hours
      was used in nine patients with functional class III or IV symptoms over an
      average period of 28 months (range 7 to 42 months); a hemodynamic control study
      was performed. These data demonstrate that molsidomine has a hemodynamic effect
      on pulmonary artery pressure for 5 to 6 hours, that the peak effect is reached
      between 1 and 1 1/2 hours after oral intake, and that the clinical and
      hemodynamic benefits of molsidomine may be maintained in the long term in
      patients with particularly severe cardiac failure. The conditions of seven
      patients were clinically improved with treatment; significant reductions in mean
      right atrial, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary capillary pressures were observed.

PMID- 3883738
TI  - The influence of molsidomine on the hemodynamics of patients with chronic heart
      failure at rest and during exercise.
AB  - The effect of molsidomine on hemodynamic properties was studied in 10 patients
      with chronic congestive heart failure in New York Heart Association functional
      classes III and IV. Ten patients with the same degree of heart failure served as
      control subjects. All patients were receiving standard therapy with digitalis and
      diuretics. Administration of a single dose of 4 mg of molsidomine orally in the
      initial phase resulted in significant decreases of pulmonary artery pressure,
      pulmonary capillary pressure, and right atrial pressure at rest and during
      exercise (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.01, respectively). After long-term
      oral treatment with 4 mg of molsidomine three times daily over a period of 3
      weeks, single dose administration of 4 mg of molsidomine orally again caused
      significant decreases of pulmonary artery, pulmonary capillary, and right atrial
      pressure at rest and during exercise (range p less than 0.01 to p less than
      0.02). Cardiac output, heart rate, systemic arterial pressure, pulmonary artery
      resistance, and systemic arterial resistance were essentially unchanged.

PMID- 3883739
TI  - Clinical and hemodynamic evaluation of propranolol in combination with verapamil,
      nifedipine and diltiazem in exertional angina pectoris: a placebo-controlled,
      double-blind, randomized, crossover study.
AB  - The clinical and hemodynamic effects of propranolol, propranolol-verapamil (P-V),
      propranolol-nifedipine (P-N) and propranolol-diltiazem (P-D) were studied in 19
      patients with chronic exertional angina pectoris. A placebo-controlled, double
      blind, randomized, crossover study design was used in which patients took each
      treatment for a 4-week period. The 3 combinations equally reduced the incidence
      of angina attacks and decreased ST-segment depression. Left ventricular
      hypokinesia during exercise was lessened and end-systolic volume during exercise
      decreased with all combinations. Because of a corresponding reduction of
      normokinetic segmental function, global ejection fraction during exercise
      remained unchanged. Heart size increased (p less than 0.05) and the PR interval
      lengthened (p less than 0.001) with P-V and P-D compared to P-N. The largest
      number of adverse clinical reactions occurred with P-V, whereas the fewest
      occurred with P-D. Almost all patients preferred combined therapy over
      propranolol and many favored 1 combination over the others. In summary, when
      therapy with combined beta- and calcium channel-blocking drugs is planned, P-D
      should be considered the combination of first choice because of its low incidence
      of adverse clinical effects. In the presence of possible or definite
      abnormalities of atrioventricular nodal conduction or decreased left ventricular
      function, P-N should be considered. Although P-V is associated with frequent
      adverse reactions, a trial may be warranted if the other combinations are
      unsuccessful.

PMID- 3883740
TI  - Peri-infarction block (1950)-late potentials (1980): their relationship,
      significance and diagnostic implications.

PMID- 3883742
TI  - Hemodynamic actions of bepridil during treatment of stable angina pectoris.
AB  - Bepridil, a new calcium-entry blocker, was evaluated in 13 patients with chronic
      stable angina in a single-blind trial that was placebo controlled within
      patients. Its antianginal effects were recorded and left ventricular (LV)
      function was assessed at rest and during exercise by gated blood pool
      scintigraphy. Mean anginal frequency was significantly reduced from 7.3 to 3.4
      episodes/week (p less than 0.01). Total work performed increased from 336 to 625
      kpm (p less than 0.01). Supine resting LV end-diastolic volume index, end
      systolic volume index, stroke volume index, cardiac index and ejection fraction
      (EF) were not altered by bepridil. During supine exercise, the EF decreased from
      60 to 55 during placebo therapy. Despite an increase in total work, the mean EF
      increased from 60 to 62 (p less than 0.05 versus exercise on placebo) during
      exercise with bepridil therapy. Maximal exercise stroke volume index and cardiac
      index were significantly greater during bepridil therapy. Exercise resulted in
      new or increased LV wall motion abnormalities in 7 of 13 patients during placebo
      therapy. During bepridil therapy, only 4 new or increased wall motion
      abnormalities were noted despite the increase in total work performed. Therefore,
      bepridil is an effective antianginal agent, allowing an increase in exercise
      workload while preserving LV performance.

PMID- 3883741
TI  - Combination propranolol and bepridil therapy in stable angina pectoris.
AB  - The safety and efficacy of bepridil plus propranolol therapy were investigated in
      a placebo-controlled, parallel-design, double-blind trial in 56 patients who were
      not responding to propranolol alone. Patients entering the study were receiving
      an average propranolol dosage of 131 mg/day (range 20 to 240). For the first 2
      weeks of the study they were given placebo in addition to their propranolol dose,
      and then were randomized to receive continued placebo plus propranolol or
      bepridil plus propranolol therapy. The bepridil dosage was adjusted over the 8
      weeks of active treatment to an average of 273 mg/day (range 200 to 400). The
      double-blind treatment period was followed by a 3-week washout period during
      which all patients received propranolol and placebo. The effects of treatment on
      the frequency of angina attacks, nitroglycerin consumption, exercise performance
      (treadmill-modified Bruce protocol) and Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) were
      assessed. Propranolol and bepridil plasma levels also were obtained. Improved
      antianginal efficacy and reduced nitroglycerin consumption were noted when
      bepridil was added to propranolol (p less than 0.01). During 8 weeks of
      combination treatment, exercise tolerance increased 1.0 +/- 1.2 minutes from a
      baseline of 7.3 +/- 2.2 with bepridil plus propranolol compared with an increase
      of 0.02 +/- 1.3 minutes from a baseline of 7.6 +/- 2.9 with placebo plus
      propranolol (p less than 0.01). With bepridil plus propranolol, there were also
      increases in exercise time to onset of angina (p less than 0.04), exercise time
      to 1-mm electrocardiographic ST-segment depression (p less than 0.06) and total
      work (p less than 0.03) compared with placebo plus propranolol therapy.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3883743
TI  - Optimum effectiveness of intestinal alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: importance of
      uniform distribution through a meal.
AB  - A major barrier to the widespread clinical use of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
      such as Acarbose, is the unpleasant gastrointestinal symptoms of carbohydrate
      malabsorption associated with its use. Acarbose is usually administered as a
      tablet and eaten with the first mouthful of the meal, making its uniform
      distribution through the meal unlikely. In the present study, Acarbose was
      crushed to a powder and mixed through a test meal before it was consumed. Six
      healthy young men consumed test meals containing 75 g carbohydrate either as
      whole brown rice or as ground brown rice. When Acarbose was uniformly mixed
      through a ground rice meal prior to digestion it produced dose-dependent
      reductions in the postprandial glucose, insulin and GIP responses which were
      evident at doses as low as 12.5 mg. The responses to whole brown rice were
      intermediate between those to 12.5 and 25 mg Acarbose in ground brown rice. In
      tablet form Acarbose was only one quarter as effective in flattening the post
      prandial glucose and insulin responses as it was in powder form. These results
      highlight the importance of uniform distribution of Acarbose through a
      carbohydrate meal in order to achieve maximum effectiveness in delaying digestion
      and absorption and yet not promoting carbohydrate malabsorption.

PMID- 3883744
TI  - Cervical carcinoma antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and nonspecific cross
      reacting antigen (NCA) in appraisal of uterine cervix smears.
AB  - The distribution of cervical carcinoma antigens (AgCaCx), CEA, and NCA in
      different pathologic states of the uterine cervix was studied in cytologic smears
      by an immunofluorescence method (IF) using specific immune sera against
      perchloric acid (PCA) extract of cervical squamous cell carcinoma, anti-CEA, and
      anti-NCA. After excluding cross-reactivity with CEA and NCA, the presence of
      AgCaCx was demonstrated in the majority of cervical carcinomas, severe
      dysplasias, and only in one-fourth of squamous metaplasias, especially when
      accompanied by mild or moderate dysplasias. The intensity and percentage of IF
      positive cells varied from case to case. The preparations of uterine cervix
      without pathologic changes usually were negative. Similar results were obtained
      with anti-CEA serum. NCA was present in the majority of smears independent of
      histologic diagnosis. The most intense fluorescence was observed in upper layers
      of the epithelium. NCA could be a differentiation antigen of stratified squamous
      cell epithelium.

PMID- 3883745
TI  - A case report: Aeromonas sobria gastroenteritis in an adult.
AB  - Aeromonas sobria, a member of the Aeromonas hydrophila group, recently has been
      recognized as a gastrointestinal pathogen in adults. There have been a few
      documented cases, and these have come from far eastern countries, namely India,
      Thailand, and Indonesia. The authors have isolated a strain of A. sobria from a
      62-year-old male patient suffering from diarrheal disease. He had no history of
      travel outside of the United States for several decades. He presented with a
      severe diarrheal disease that closely mimicked cholera, producing large
      quantities of green "rice water" stool. He was severely dehydrated and was in
      electrolyte imbalance. No other enteric pathogen could be detected. The organism
      presumptively was identified as Vibrio cholera (81.5% probability) by the Micro
      Scan system, but later was identified definitively as A. sobria using the API 20E
      and ZYM systems. Cell-free extract of this strain contained hemolysins,
      proteolytic enzymes, and enterotoxin. The strain closely fits the description of
      Burke and associates (J Clin Microbiol 1982; 15:48-52) for their group A, type 1
      (VP positive, arabinose negative, enterotoxin producer). The patient was treated
      with tetracycline and recovered.

PMID- 3883746
TI  - Perinatal factors associated with early-onset intracranial hemorrhage in
      premature infants. A prospective study.
AB  - Serial ultrasound examinations were performed on 40 consecutive newborn infants
      less than 35 weeks' gestational age. Fifteen of 17 infants with intracranial
      hemorrhage (ICH) had evidence of hemorrhage on the first ultrasound examination
      (mean age, 1.9 +/- 0.2 hours post partum). Comparing the clinical course of these
      15 infants with age- and weight-matched non-hemorrhage controls showed a
      significant association between the occurrence of early ICH and the pattern of
      labor. There was no correlation between ICH and the mode of delivery, the use of
      sodium bicarbonate, volume administration, or the initial BP. In nine of the 15
      infants with early-onset ICH, the hemorrhage progressed in severity during the
      first three postpartum days in association with increasing ventilatory
      requirements. The results of this study suggest that the course of labor may be a
      precipitating factor in the onset and evolution of early ICH.

PMID- 3883747
TI  - X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. A new kindred with variable phenotypic
      expression.
AB  - A kindred with five affected maternally related male members showed variable
      phenotypic expression of the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. In one of the
      children, agammaglobulinemia developed following infectious mononucleosis. His
      brother had aplastic anemia in infancy and 21/2 years later died of overwhelming
      pneumonia resulting from ornithosis. A third brother died of reticulum cell
      sarcoma. Two maternally related male cousins died of reticulum cell sarcoma of
      the neck.

PMID- 3883748
TI  - Glycemic control with physical training in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3883749
TI  - Mortality from liver disease in children. Implications for hepatic
      transplantation programs.
AB  - Mortality from liver disease in a pediatric hospital was reviewed to assess the
      implications for hepatic transplantation programs. Between 1976 and 1983, 81
      children died of hepatic failure that included biliary atresia (n = 20),
      metabolic disorders (n = 22), Reye's syndrome (n = 7), infections (n = 15),
      cholestatic syndromes (n = 12), and miscellaneous causes (n = 5). Hepatic failure
      was considered the secondary cause of death in only five patients. Acute hepatic
      failure was present in 42% (34/81) of patients, whereas 58% (47/81) had
      preexisting chronic liver disease. Forty (49.4%) of the 81 patients died in
      infancy, including two thirds of the patients with biliary atresia. Liver disease
      accounted for 6.6% (81/1,225) of all deaths in our hospital during this eight
      year period. During this interval, eight patients (six alive) underwent liver
      transplantation. Approximately 2.9 patients per year will be candidates for liver
      transplantation.

PMID- 3883750
TI  - 2 X 2 tables.
AB  - Fourfold (2 X 2) tables are used to describe enumeration data; they are concise
      and useful for summarizing many kinds of biomedical information. A familiar form
      is with two samples, each of which provides a two-valued outcome or observation,
      such as lived-died, normal-abnormal. These tables may be from research designs of
      several types: cross-sectional surveys, prospective models, retrospective models,
      and randomized clinical trials. Several methods of analysis of 2 X 2 tables are
      discussed, without the mathematical detail: chi 2 test, critical ratio test,
      Fisher's exact test, and other less commonly used tests. The use of the relative
      risk ratio and the odds ratio to describe 2 X 2 tables is discussed. Some
      pitfalls in the use and interpretation of 2 X 2 tables are reviewed.

PMID- 3883751
TI  - Gastric acid secretion and gastrin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide release in
      cirrhotic patients.
AB  - Gastric acid secretion, incidence of gastric mucosal lesion, and gut hormone
      responses were studied in 24 patients with liver cirrhosis. Gastric acid output
      in these subjects showed normal acidity and was nearly similar to that in
      patients with gastric ulcer. The incidence of gastric mucosal lesion was high,
      especially in patients whose plasma disappearance rate of indocyanine green was
      low. Plasma levels of both gastrin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide were higher
      in cirrhotic patients than in control subjects both in the fasting state and
      after the ingestion of a test meal. Gel chromatography of the postprandial plasma
      of cirrhotics showed a higher immunoreactivity at the second peak than in
      controls. This is because cirrhotics have a higher percentage of authentic
      gastric inhibitory polypeptide, although the elution patterns were similar in
      both groups. It is suggested that impairment of extraction of some molecular
      components of both gastrin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide may occur in the
      cirrhotic liver.

PMID- 3883753
TI  - Inflammatory bowel disease at the University of Chicago--the first 50 years: some
      personal reflections.

PMID- 3883752
TI  - The diagnosis and management of nausea and vomiting: a review.
AB  - Nausea and vomiting can result from a wide variety of organic and psychogenic
      disorders. In evaluating these symptoms, a thorough history with careful
      attention to their duration and relation to meals, as well as to concomitant drug
      use and underlying chronic medical problems, often will point to the correct
      diagnosis. A wide variety of diagnostic modalities exist, including radiographic
      studies, endoscopy, radionuclide methods of assessing gastrointestinal motility,
      and imaging studies of the central nervous system. These techniques must be used
      wisely and are not all required to elucidate the etiology in every patient.
      Treatment can be symptomatic but is directed at the underlying pathological
      process whenever possible. Recently developed gastrointestinal "prokinetic"
      agents have helped to improve the course of patients with identifiable motility
      disorders.

PMID- 3883754
TI  - Use of the indirect platelet radioactive antiglobulin test with anti-IgG and anti
      C3 in immune and nonimmune thrombocytopenias.
AB  - Indirect platelet radioactive antiglobulin tests using anti-IgG and anti-C3 were
      performed in 483 individuals. The subjects' diagnoses and clinical states were
      correlated with sensitizing protein (IgG and/or C3). Sensitivity of the technique
      was increased by increasing the serum to cell ratio and there was good
      correlation between direct and indirect antiglobulin tests in 56 patients. Seven
      percent of normal healthy non-thrombocytopenic untransfused males and 88% of
      patients in whom autoimmune thrombocytopenia was clinically suspected showed a
      positive test result. In the indirect antiglobulin test, mean +/- SD fg anti
      C3d/platelet was 1.75 +/- 0.28 (N = 58) with serum from normal subjects, 3.91 +/-
      1.86 (N = 123) with serum from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
      and systemic lupus erythematosus, and 2.78 +/- 0.91 (N = 52) with serum from
      patients with lymphoproliferative disease. The differences were significant with
      P less than 0.001. Levels of bound anti-IgG were in general accord with those of
      other reports; there was no significant relationship with serum immunoglobulin
      levels. When the indirect antiglobulin tests were positive for both IgG and C3,
      there was a significant correlation between IgG and C3 bound to normal platelets
      (r = 0.671; P less than 0.01). Although sera from 39% of patients whose
      thrombocytopenia was not initially suspected to be on an autoimmune basis gave a
      positive test result, indirect platelet radioactive antiglobulin tests using anti
      IgG and anti-C3 may be convenient tools in the evaluation and follow-up of immune
      thrombocytopenias.

PMID- 3883755
TI  - Bronchiolitis obliterans after bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - Bronchiolitis obliterans occurred in the setting of chronic graft-versus-host
      disease 1 year after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic
      myelogenous leukemia. The severe obstructive pulmonary disease followed an
      episode of interstitial pneumonitis. The etiology and possible relationship to
      graft-versus-host disease of this rare pulmonary lesion following bone marrow
      transplantation are discussed.

PMID- 3883756
TI  - Spurious elevated platelet counts associated with bacteremia.
AB  - Spuriously elevated automated platelet counts secondary to in vivo bacteremia
      have not been reported previously. Two patients are described with blood cultures
      positive for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively, and
      bacteria present on peripheral blood smear. Those bacteria caused falsely
      elevated platelet counts to be generated by the Ortho ELT-8. These cases
      illustrate an unusual artifact and demonstrate that spurious counts can be
      generated by laser optical blood cell counters.

PMID- 3883757
TI  - Hairy-cell leukemia with hybrid B-T features: a study with a panel of monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - The peripheral blood of three patients with otherwise typical hairy-cell leukemia
      (HCL), but with a substantial number of circulating cells expressing both light
      chain restricted surface immunoglobulin (SIg) and sheep erythrocyte (E) receptor,
      was studied with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The presence of hybrid B-T
      surface features was confirmed and, although as in previous studies of E+SIg+
      proliferations, the precise phenotypes varied at different times of study, E+ non
      T SIg+ and E+T+SIg+ populations were at times present in all three patients
      together with typical B hairy-cell (HC) and phenotypically normal T-cell
      populations. In one patient an E-OKT11+SIg+ population was also observed.
      Extensive precautions were taken to exclude spurious explanations for these
      hybrid phenotypes. These results are discussed in relation to the recent
      demonstration that both HCs and normal B cells can express T-cell features after
      appropriate in vitro stimulation.

PMID- 3883758
TI  - The role of nutritional factors in the course of experimental renal failure.

PMID- 3883759
TI  - Urinary albumin excretion after donor nephrectomy.
AB  - Surgical ablation of renal tissue in animals leads to compensatory
      hyperfiltration, hypertension, and focal glomerular sclerosis in remnant
      nephrons, in association with albuminuria; the detection of slightly elevated
      urinary albumin (microalbuminuria) has been shown to predict later, more severe
      renal disease in diabetics. To determine whether unilateral nephrectomy in humans
      initiates a similar pathogenetic sequence, we measured urinary albumin excretion
      (UalbV), total protein excretion (UprotV), creatinine clearance (Ccreat) and
      blood pressure in 22 transplant donors before and at intervals up to 3 years
      after donor nephrectomy. Urinary albumin was determined using a sensitive enzyme
      immunoassay (ELISA). Mean Ccreat fell on average to 68% of prenephrectomy values
      at all times after nephrectomy, indicating a rise of 33% in average single
      nephron filtration rate. Mean absolute and fractional albumin excretion rates and
      UprotV values were transiently elevated one week postnephrectomy, but returned
      thereafter to values not significantly different from prenephrectomy values.
      Blood pressure rose slightly, but significantly, with time after nephrectomy.
      Average increases of 10 mm and 5 mm in systolic and diastolic pressures,
      respectively, were noted by 2 years after surgery. In this study, there was no
      evidence of glomerular injury from hyperfiltration in the 3 years following donor
      nephrectomy.

PMID- 3883761
TI  - Sodium-losing nephropathy and nephrocalcinosis after transplantation.
AB  - Severe, prolonged sodium-wasting (up to 38% FENa) occurred in a man after he
      received a cadaveric-donor kidney. Posttransplantation supplementation with large
      amounts of saline and/or salt tablets was mandatory. Fludrocortisone had no
      clinically apparent effect. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone
      concentration were markedly increased. As chronic rejection progressed, the
      syndrome ameliorated. Renal biopsy showed cellular rejection and
      nephrocalcinosis.

PMID- 3883760
TI  - Protein catabolism during the postoperative course after renal transplantation.
AB  - Protein catabolic rate (PCR) was measured daily by computerized mass balance
      studies in 50 subjects during hospitalization after renal transplant. All
      subjects received 60 mg prednisone per day. PCR rose over the first 3 to 4
      postoperative days and then stabilized at an accelerated level, which was
      sustained through the third posttransplant week. Rejection therapy with either 3
      mg/kg/d prednisone or 15 mg/kg/d of methylprednisolone for 3 days further
      increased PCR, but there was no difference in PCR between these two regimens.
      Protein restriction did not decrease PCR and subjects offered a higher protein
      diet did not have further acceleration of PCR. We conclude that 60 mg/kg/d
      prednisone produces an obligatory acceleration of PCR that is further accentuated
      by higher steroid doses. The use of minimal maintenance doses of prednisone
      consistent with adequate immunosuppression seems wise. Protein balance may be
      improved if protein intake is increased to match individual rates of accelerated
      protein catabolism.

PMID- 3883762
TI  - Urinothorax as a manifestation of nondilated obstructive uropathy following renal
      transplantation.
AB  - A 12-year-old patient developed prolonged nondilated urinary obstruction and
      pleural effusion shortly after undergoing renal transplantation. Renal
      sonography, angiography, and isotope renography failed to identify an obstructive
      process. On the 18th postoperative day, pleural effusion was noted in the right
      hemithorax, and by day 24, increased perinephric fluid was observed on renal
      scan. Following a nephrostomy, the pleural effusion resolved and renal function
      improved remarkably. A ureterovesical junction obstruction and renal pelvis tear
      that were later discovered were repaired. Whenever a ureteral obstruction is
      suspected the diagnosis should be pursued vigorously, despite normal radiologic
      findings, especially in the presence of pleural effusion. Consideration of the
      possibility of urinothorax in such cases may obviate the need for lung biopsy.

PMID- 3883763
TI  - Cyclosporine in renal transplantation with hirsutism.

PMID- 3883765
TI  - Therapeutic drug-use review for the Florida Medicaid program.
AB  - A program is described in which drug-use review information was provided to
      prescribers and dispensing pharmacies for the purpose of reducing morbidity
      related to inappropriate drug therapy. In the Florida Medicaid program, computer
      generated medical history profiles were used to identify patients at risk for
      drug-induced illnesses. Health-care providers were then notified of potential
      problems with patients' drug regimens and asked for a response. Patient profiles
      were monitored for changes, and follow-up letters were sent to the health-care
      providers as warranted. During a nine-month period in 1982-83, drug therapy was
      changed in 54% of cases after providers were notified of problems. Florida's
      Medicaid drug-use review program was effective in identifying inappropriate drug
      therapy that can lead to increased morbidity and higher health-care costs.

PMID- 3883766
TI  - Discrepancy in serum phenytoin concentrations determined by two immunoassay
      methods in uremic patients.

PMID- 3883764
TI  - Leprechaunism: an inherited defect in a high-affinity insulin receptor.
AB  - We examined in vivo oral glucose tolerance tests and in vitro insulin binding,
      cellular response, and insulin-receptor structure of fibroblasts cultured from
      the skin of a patient with leprechaun syndrome and her parents. In response to
      oral glucose, the proband exhibited marked hyperinsulinism (maximum plasma
      insulin = 4,120 microU/ml), the father had mild hyperinsulinism (maximum plasma
      insulin = 240 microU/ml), and the mother was normal. [125I]insulin binding to
      monolayers of intact fibroblasts demonstrated complex kinetics that were
      interpreted using a two-receptor model. Normal high-affinity binding had an
      apparent KA of 1.6 X 10(10)/molar with 1,100 sites/cell. The proposed low
      affinity state receptor had an apparent KA of 6.8 X 10(7)/molar with
      approximately 30,000 sites/cell. Insulin binding to the proband's cells had no
      high-affinity binding but had normal low-affinity binding. Cells from the mother
      had 60%, and cells from the father, 2%, of control insulin binding to the high
      affinity receptor, but normal, low-affinity site binding. Two different, insulin
      stimulable responses were evaluated under experimental conditions identical with
      those used for insulin binding. Insulin stimulation of 2-methylaminoisobutyric
      acid uptake occurred with half-maximal responses between 25 and 50 ng/ml insulin.
      This response was similar in cells from controls and the patient. By contrast,
      the uptake and phosphorylation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose was stimulated at half
      maximal insulin concentrations between 1 and 10 ng/ml in control cells but was
      not significantly increased in the proband's cells until 1,000 ng/ml
      concentrations of insulin were attained. In affinity crosslinking experiments,
      [125I]insulin was covalently bound to insulin receptors of fibroblast membranes
      using disuccinimidylsuberate. [125I]insulin specifically bound to 125,000 dalton
      monomeric subunits and 250,000 dalton dimers. In control cells, the ratio of
      monomer to dimer was approximately one, but significantly fewer dimers were
      crosslinked in insulin receptors from the patient's cells. We conclude that in
      this family two different recessive mutations impair high-affinity insulin
      receptor binding and that the proband with leprechaunism is a compound
      heterozygote for these mutations. The two mutations produced structural changes
      in the receptor that altered subunit interactions and loss of high-affinity
      binding and cellular responsivity.

PMID- 3883767
TI  - Use of nifedipine during cardiac surgery for improved myocardial protection.
AB  - The combined results of extended clinical trials conducted in two centers
      following successful laboratory trials are evaluated. From a population of 4,777
      patients who underwent open heart surgery, 205 high-risk patients were selected
      for study. One hundred seventy patients (3.6 percent) were given nifedipine in
      cardioplegic solution. The remaining 35 patients served as control subjects and
      were compared with 39 treated patients in the randomized subset of 74. One third
      of the patients underwent valve replacement, one quarter underwent coronary
      artery bypass, and 40 percent underwent combinations of valve replacement,
      coronary artery bypass, and other procedures. Characteristically, the third group
      had a 50 percent increase in end-diastolic volumes and low cardiac indexes (1.7
      +/- 0.1 liters/minute/m2). Average cross-clamp time was 77 minutes. At one
      center, an extracellular hyperkalemic-type solution was used to deliver an
      average dose of 407 +/- 22 micrograms nifedipine per patient. At the other
      center, a low-sodium hyperkalemic solution was used, and the average nifedipine
      dose was 476 +/- 22 micrograms. Hemodynamic studies in the randomized subset
      demonstrated approximately a twofold improvement in the treated group in cardiac
      index, stroke volume, stroke work index, and pulmonary vascular resistance
      following cardiopulmonary bypass. The incidence of acute low cardiac output death
      was 4 percent versus 11 percent in the control group. Survival for all treated
      patients was 86 percent. It is concluded that the addition of nifedipine reduced
      the incidence of acute global cardiac failure in the immediate postoperative
      interval.

PMID- 3883768
TI  - Calcium metabolism and parathyroid function in primary aldosteronism.
AB  - Calcium and magnesium metabolism was investigated in 10 hypertensive subjects
      with primary aldosteronism (seven adenomatous, three idiopathic). Serum levels of
      total calcium (9.03 +/- 0.2 mg/dl) and ionized calcium (2.06 +/- 0.06 meq/liter)
      were in the low-normal range, except for two patients who had levels of serum
      ionized calcium clearly above normal. Furthermore, both serum total (n = 6, p
      less than 0.01) and ionized calcium levels (n = 3) rose postoperatively in the
      patients who had an aldosterone-producing tumor removed. Dramatic elevations of
      parathyroid hormone levels (mean, 645 +/- 109 pgeq/liter; normal, less than 150
      to 375 pgeq/liter) were seen in the majority of patients, including those two
      with frank ionized calcium elevations. Magnesium levels were within normal limits
      (2.07 +/- 0.07 meq/liter). These results indicate that parathyroid hypersecretion
      is a common feature of primary aldosteronism and also suggest a physiologic
      relationship between the activity of the renin-aldosterone system and parathyroid
      physiology. Sodium-volume expansion and negative calcium balance induced by
      aldosterone excess may predispose to hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 3883769
TI  - Sarcoidosis mimicking cor triatriatum. Echolucency of adenopathy due to
      sarcoidosis.
AB  - A 20-year-old man with sarcoidosis presented with the echocardiographic findings
      of cor triatriatum. Computed tomography of the chest and digital subtraction
      angiography of the heart revealed that the patient had massive retrocardiac
      lymphadenopathy and normal cardiac anatomy. This is the first report
      demonstrating the echolucency of sarcoid lymphadenopathy and the mimicking of cor
      triatriatum by such adenopathy fortuitously positioned.

PMID- 3883770
TI  - Immunologic mechanisms of renal disease.
AB  - Most immune renal diseases are caused by the formation of immune complexes of
      antibody with either fixed glomerular antigens or exogenous non-renal antigens.
      Much progress has been made recently in understanding the ways by which these
      immune deposits form in glomeruli. Immune complex deposits of exogenous antigens
      may involve prior antigen localization in the glomerulus to initiate immune
      complex formation locally, or in situ. The type of glomerular lesion produced
      depends in large part on the site at which deposit formation occurs, which in
      turn determines what mediators of tissue injury are activated. The nature and
      quantity of immune reactants are also important. Subepithelial deposits may
      result from antibody binding to fixed epithelial cell-derived antigens or to
      exogenous antigens localized by direct interaction with glomerular anionic sites
      (cationic antigens) or with nonimmune cationic proteins bound to glomerular
      anionic sites (anionic antigens). Cationic antibody may also localize first, and
      deposits can form from subendothelial immune complex deposits dissociating to
      cross the GBM and re-form in a subepithelial distribution. Proteinuria induced by
      subepithelial immune deposit formation appears to be due to a direct effect of
      complement, probably involving membrane attack complexes, and independent of
      inflammatory cells. Intramembranous deposits form from anti-GBM antibody reacting
      with intrinsic GBM antigens. Subendothelial and mesangial deposits appear not to
      involve fixed antigens. Rather, they represent immune complexes containing
      exogenous antigens and antibody to the antigens. These complexes may result from
      the passive trapping of pre-formed immune complexes from the circulation or may
      form in situ by several different mechanisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3883771
TI  - Granulocyte aggregation in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)--serial
      histologic and physiologic observations.
AB  - Although a number of studies have suggested that granulocyte sequestration is an
      important pathophysiologic event in ARDS, histologic evidence of aggregated
      granulocytes in the pulmonary microvasculature is limited, and serial histologic
      data have not been reported with physiologic measurements. We report a patient
      with ARDS who demonstrated microvascular granulocyte aggregation and lung edema
      in sections of a lung biopsy obtained seven days after the onset of symptoms.
      Pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were normal
      immediately before the biopsy. A second biopsy performed 12 days later showed
      decreased lung edema and no evidence of intravascular leukostasis. This case
      provides histologic support for the hypothesis that granulocyte aggregates
      contribute to pulmonary edema associated with ARDS.

PMID- 3883772
TI  - The dilemma of abnormal thyroid function tests--is thyroid disease present or
      not?

PMID- 3883773
TI  - Recombinant DNA--potential for gene therapy.
AB  - Certainly, if progress in recombinant DNA technology continues at its present
      rate, we have every reason to expect many more major breakthroughs in the
      diagnosis and treatment of human disease. Much of the progress from which we
      already benefit is not the increased understanding of just the molecular basis of
      genetic disease, but also of the molecular mechanisms of viral, bacterial, and
      parasite pathogenicity. Exploiting cloned antigens from pathogens to make
      vaccines is an ever expanding approach to preventive medicine. The other realm
      from which we already benefit is that in which we have bacteria produce large
      quantities of product from normal cloned genes, such as insulin, for treatment of
      patients deficient in that gene product. Although we cannot expect to eliminate
      some, or even treat all, genetic disease within the foreseeable future, it is
      quite clear that research in the area of genetic engineering has vast potential
      for improving the conditions of mankind.

PMID- 3883774
TI  - Gestational age alters fetal breathing response to intravenous insulin and
      intravenous glucose administration.
AB  - An upward change in human maternal plasma glucose concentration is known to
      increase the percent of time spent in fetal breathing during the late third
      trimester of human pregnancy. We examined the fetal breathing effects of upward
      change in plasma glucose (after intravenous glucose administration) and downward
      change (after intravenous insulin administration) at two different times of day
      (8 AM and 4 PM) at both 24 and 36 weeks of gestation. No change in the percent of
      time spent in fetal breathing was seen after insulin infusion. Fetal breathing
      increased after glucose infusion at 36 weeks of gestation but not at 24 weeks.
      Responses did not differ between tests performed at 8 AM and 4 PM.

PMID- 3883775
TI  - The effect of prostacyclin on angiotensin II-induced placental vasoconstriction.
AB  - Significant alterations in vascular responsiveness to angiotensin II have been
      documented during pregnancy. We have observed that prostacyclin, a potent
      vasodilating prostaglandin, does not dilate the ovine placental vasculature.
      However, we thought it might modulate the placental vasoconstriction produced by
      angiotensin II. Regional blood flows and resistances were measured by the
      radioactive microsphere technique in six near-term sheep. Blood flows were
      measured in the control condition and 15 minutes after beginning an infusion of
      angiotensin II at 5 micrograms/min (T1). Additional measurements were made 15
      minutes after the addition of 50 micrograms/min of prostacyclin to the
      angiotensin II infusate (T2) and 15 minutes after withdrawing prostacyclin from
      the angiotensin II infusion (T3). Mean arterial pressure rose in response to
      angiotensin II and decreased significantly with prostacyclin administration. The
      renal and uterine nonplacental vascular beds showed the expected vasoconstriction
      in response to angiotensin II, which was then reversed to control levels by
      prostacyclin infusion. Unexpectedly, prostacyclin did not reverse the angiotensin
      II vasoconstriction in the placenta but further increased resistance (p less than
      0.03). Placental resistance changed from 0.33 +/- 0.04 peripheral resistance
      units in the control condition to 0.42 +/- 0.06 peripheral resistance units for
      T1 (p less than 0.03), and prostacyclin infusion further increased placental
      resistance to 0.63 +/- 0.10 peripheral resistance units for T2 (p less than
      0.03). We conclude that the placental vascular response to prostacyclin is
      different from that of other organs and that prostacyclin does not dilate, but
      further constricts the placenta in the near-term sheep with angiotensin II
      induced systemic vasoconstriction.

PMID- 3883776
TI  - Ovine placental vascular response to the local application of prostacyclin.
AB  - Rankin et al. have shown that prostacyclin does not dilate the ovine placenta,
      yet Clark et al. have shown that retrograde infusion of prostacyclin dilates the
      uterine vasculature. To determine the effects of prostacyclin on the sheep
      placenta, the two groups have collaborated. In five chronically catheterized near
      term sheep, blood flows were measured by the radioactive microsphere technique.
      Control blood flows were measured and prostacyclin infused into the retrograde
      uterine artery catheter at 10 micrograms/min. The blood flows were again
      measured, and the area served by the catheter was then delineated by the
      injection of a green dye at the time of maternal euthanasia. The placenta and
      cotyledons were separated and the kidneys were obtained for assay. The systemic
      effects of prostacyclin were minimal and have been observed previously. The
      resistance of the myometrium fell from 566 +/- 99.9 to 322 +/- 63.9 mm Hg X ml-1
      X min X gm (p less than 0.002). The placental tissue showed no change in
      resistance. When the tissues were combined, we observed a decrease in resistance
      from 0.38 +/- 0.18 to 0.32 +/- 0.14 mm Hg X ml-1 X min (p less than 0.004),
      thereby confirming the observation that there was indeed vasodilation downstream.
      However, the vasodilation was not in the placenta but in the myometrium, and we
      reconfirm our previous conclusion that prostacyclin does not dilate the sheep
      placenta.

PMID- 3883777
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of indomethacin in chronically instrumented pregnant sheep.
AB  - Indomethacin administration has produced decreases in uteroplacental blood flow
      in several animal studies; therefore, it has been suggested that the maintenance
      of uterine blood flow is critically dependent on the continued synthesis of
      vasodilating prostaglandins. However, vasoconstriction following indomethacin
      administration may be due to mechanisms other than reduced prostaglandin
      synthesis. We administered indomethacin (2, 5, or 10 mg/kg) intravenously to
      seven unanesthetized sheep in late pregnancy and determined the time courses of
      the uteroplacental and systemic hemodynamic responses, comparing these to the
      concurrent changes in circulating prostaglandins. Indomethacin administration
      resulted in rapid increases in systemic and uteroplacental vascular resistance
      (80% to 100%) and mean arterial pressure (approximately 30%) and in decreases in
      systemic (approximately 30%) and uteroplacental (0% to 30%) blood flows within 5
      minutes. Vasoconstriction was transient, however, and after 60 minutes there was
      no evidence of uterine or systemic vasoconstriction, although systemic and
      uterine plasma prostaglandin levels remained reduced for 180 minutes. Thus
      substantial inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis existed without evidence of
      concurrent systemic or uteroplacental vasoconstriction, suggesting that uterine
      blood flow is not directly dependent on maintained prostaglandin synthesis in
      unstressed pregnant sheep. Furthermore, the transient indomethacin-induced
      vasoconstriction may not be due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

PMID- 3883778
TI  - Spermicidal contraceptives and poor reproductive outcomes: the epidemiologic
      evidence against an association.
AB  - The first widely publicized report of an association between spermicidal
      contraception and congenital malformations and spontaneous abortion had
      considerable impact on obstetric practice. A large number of more recent
      epidemiologic studies have generally failed to support the earlier finding, and
      it is concluded that no such association has been demonstrated. The available
      evidence precludes the need for additional regulation of spermicidal
      contraception.

PMID- 3883779
TI  - The scheduling of repeat cesarean section operations: prospective management
      protocol experience.
AB  - There are benefits to patients and a busy obstetric service if repeat cesarean
      section operations are performed on a scheduled basis. Optimum management avoids
      prematurity and reduces the need for amniocentesis. Over a period of 20 months
      repeat cesarean sections were performed at Tripler Army Medical Center while a
      protocol with the following elements was used: (1) known last menstrual period;
      (2) landmarks: positive urine human chorionic gonadotropin test by 6 weeks,
      Doppler fetal heart tone by 12 weeks, date determination by examination before 10
      weeks, fetoscope fetal heart tone by 20 weeks, and date determination by size
      before 30 weeks; (3) date determination by midtrimester sonogram(s); (4) normal
      third-trimester glucose screening; (5) biparietal diameter of 9.2 or 9.5 cm
      before scheduling. With two or more clinical landmarks and one date by sonogram
      or one landmark and date by two sonograms, elective repeat cesarean section was
      scheduled at 39 weeks if the biparietal diameter was greater than or equal to 9.2
      cm (127). If dates by sonogram were less than dates by last menstrual period but
      greater than 1 week or if last menstrual period was unknown, dates by sonogram
      and landmarks corresponding to dates by sonogram were used to electively
      schedule, with biparietal diameters of 9.2 or 9.5 cm respectively required (28).
      If protocol criteria were not met or earlier delivery was indicated (e.g.,
      vertical scar or diabetes), amniocentesis was performed (42), except when not
      possible, advisable, or refused when patients either elected labor (20) or were
      scheduled if three or more criteria for 40+ weeks were met (18). Of 225 patients
      (70.5%) scheduled by protocol (173), amniocentesis (34), or medical indication
      (18), 188 (58.9%) were delivered without labor. In the 147 patients (46.1%)
      delivered electively by protocol without labor or amniocentesis, there were no
      cases of respiratory distress syndrome and the mean birth weight was 3517 gm.
      With early care and better patient compliance nearly all repeat cesarean sections
      can be safely delivered electively with the use of this protocol.

PMID- 3883780
TI  - Statistical comparison of Pearl rates.
AB  - Statistical procedures for hypothesis testing and interval estimation of the
      difference in a pair of Pearl rates are presented. The p value of the test
      statistic is evaluated exactly from the binomial distribution or approximately
      from the standard normal distribution. Interval estimation is provided by the
      test-based method of Miettinen. The procedures are applied to two published data
      sets, and the conceptual link between the Pearl rate and life-table methods is
      discussed.

PMID- 3883782
TI  - Endotoxemia in the neonatal lamb.
AB  - Although gram-negative sepsis is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and
      mortality, our understanding of endotoxemia in the neonate has been hampered by
      the lack of experimental models. Previous studies have suggested neonatal
      hyporesponsiveness to endotoxin. We studied unanesthetized neonatal lambs which
      had been exposed to the environment prior to study. These animals demonstrated
      the classic early phase changes of endotoxemia including pulmonary hypertension
      which was dependent upon prostanoid production. This model allows further studies
      of endotoxemia in the neonate.

PMID- 3883781
TI  - Failure of exogenous prostacyclin to change placental and fetal blood flow in
      preeclampsia.
AB  - Seven patients with acute preeclampsia and six with superimposed preeclampsia
      were infused intravenously with incremental doses of prostacyclin (up to 8
      ng/min/kg during 80 minutes). Prostacyclin infusion was accompanied by
      significant decreases in maternal blood pressure and consistent rises in maternal
      plasma or urinary 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, but it caused no changes in
      maternal or fetal pulse rate or uterine contractility. Moreover, prostacyclin did
      not change the placental and umbilical blood flow, which were measured before and
      at the end of infusion. All women experienced facial flushing and two complained
      of headache during infusion. There was no difference in prostacyclin effects
      between women with acute or superimposed preeclampsia. These results may be taken
      as evidence that intravenous prostacyclin is not a specific therapy to increase
      placental or umbilical blood flow in preeclampsia.

PMID- 3883783
TI  - Perinatal complications in group B streptococcal carriers: a longitudinal study
      of prenatal patients.
AB  - Although prenatal group B streptococcal detection and eradication have been
      proposed to prevent morbidity, the risk of perinatal complications in prenatal
      carriers of group B streptococci has not been defined. We evaluated 718 prenatal
      patients with serial cultures to compare morbidity in carriers and noncarriers.
      Complications occurring more frequently (p less than or equal to 0.05) in
      prenatal carriers were: collective morbidity, low birth weight, and premature
      rupture of membranes associated with low birth weight. Maternal pelvic infection
      and neonatal sepsis were increased in colonized women at delivery but not in
      prenatal carriers. Ninety-two percent of colonized women were not delivered of
      low birth weight infants. No carriers delivered vaginally or by repeat cesarean
      section became infected. Neither inoculum size nor chronic carriage was related
      to morbidity. The predictive value of a positive prenatal culture did not exceed
      8% for any of the complications. We concluded that overall morbidity in carriers
      of group B streptococci is greater than in noncarriers; however, the risk for
      specific complications is too low to justify routine testing for detection of
      group B streptococci until prospective study demonstrates the value of such
      programs.

PMID- 3883784
TI  - Lung hypoplasia and prolonged preterm ruptured membranes: a case report with
      implications for possible prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis.

PMID- 3883785
TI  - Cefotaxime treatment for women with community-acquired pelvic abscesses.
AB  - Forty-one women with pelvic abscesses complicating salpingitis were treated with
      parenteral cefotaxime, a newer cephalosporin. Abscesses ranged in size from 4 by
      4 to 13 by 15 cm, and in 10 women (24%) they were greater than or equal to 10 cm.
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae was recovered from the endocervix in 17 women (41%). A mean
      of 26.7 gm of cefotaxime was given over a mean of 6.5 days, and operation was not
      required during initial therapy. Only two women (5%) required the addition of
      another antimicrobial. Chronic pelvic pain and recurrent infection were
      infrequent during the 31- to 43-month follow-up period. Five women (12%) were
      readmitted for elective surgical therapy because of persistent or recurrent
      adnexal mass 1 to 33 months following study entry. Six (15%) women became
      pregnant and were delivered of their infants a mean of 25 months following
      cefotaxime therapy.

PMID- 3883786
TI  - Ultrasound prediction of fetal weight in prolonged pregnancy.
AB  - In this study we applied two commonly used birth weight prediction equations to a
      sample of 121 women with prolonged pregnancies. Subjects had sonographic
      measurements of biparietal diameter and abdominal perimeter taken within 2 days
      of delivery at Parkland Memorial Hospital. Although the two prediction equations
      were obtained from a population of women in New Haven, Connecticut, who delivered
      over a wide range of gestational ages, when the equations were applied to the
      sample of prolonged pregnancies in Dallas, Texas, there was a strong correlation
      (0.71) between predicted and actual birth weight. Moreover, reestimation of the
      New Haven equations with use of the Dallas data yielded similar regression
      coefficients. Finally, birth weight prediction equations for black, white, and
      Hispanic patients in Dallas were not significantly different. These findings
      suggest a remarkably constant relationship between fetal head and abdominal
      dimensions and birth weight over different gestational ages and for different
      population groups.

PMID- 3883787
TI  - Osmolarity changes can enhance the release of renin from human chorion.
AB  - Sections of human chorion were perfused with an aerated buffer for 5 hours.
      Samples were collected every 20 minutes and the concentration of active and total
      renin in the perfusate was measured. Substitution of the initial bicarbonate
      buffer (281 mosm/L) with a buffer of 251 mosm/L doubled the rate at which active
      and inactive renin were released into the perfusate. When the osmolarity of the
      solution was reduced by 60 mosm/L, a threefold rise in the concentration of
      active renin and a sixfold rise in that of total renin was seen. However, these
      effects were transient, and renin secretion decreased before osmolarity was
      raised to the previous value.

PMID- 3883788
TI  - Laminin distribution in human decidua and immature placenta. An immunoelectron
      microscopic study (avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method).
AB  - An immunoelectron microscopic study was carried out on human placenta and decidua
      with the use of preembedding, the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique, and
      rabbit anti-murine laminin antibody. Laminin was detected in the lamina lucida of
      basement membrane of placental villi, amniotic membranes, umbilical cord,
      endometrial glands, and blood vessels. No positive laminin immunostaining was
      observed in intracytoplasmic organelles. However, positive immunostaining
      surrounded decidual cells as a more or less continuous linear membrane. It is
      suggested that laminin, as a component of this basement membrane-like material
      that has already been reported in decidual cells, may be related to the hormonal
      stimulation occurring during pregnancy and trophoblastic attachment.

PMID- 3883789
TI  - Intraocular cysticercosis.
AB  - We observed and photographed intraocular cysticercosis in a 50-year-old woman.
      The subretinal cysticercus in the macular area produced a macular break during
      its passage from the subretinal space into the vitreous cavity. The parasite was
      removed by closed vitrectomy, but the macular break was left untreated because
      there was no vitreous traction to the macula. The patient ultimately developed a
      subretinal scar in the macular area, and visual acuity improved from hand
      movements to counting fingers.

PMID- 3883790
TI  - Biomicroscopy of surface deposits resembling foreign-body giant cells on
      implanted intraocular lenses.
AB  - Deposits resembling foreign-body giant cells, which can be seen on specular
      reflex slit-lamp examination, were studied in vivo with a wide-field specular
      microscope using a low-power dipping cone lens in three cases of posterior
      chamber lens implantation. The deposits seen as iris pigment on routine
      examination showed two types of cell-like figures: round, bipolar or ameboid
      small figures with long branching processes and round, oval, or bizarre large
      figures. The large cell type had the pigment particles at the central or
      paracentral area and vacuole-like structures adjacent to the pigment particles.
      The specular photomicrographic characteristics were similar to those of
      fibroblast-like cells and foreign-body giant cells, which had been shown on the
      surfaces of extracted implanted intraocular lenses by the lens implant cytology
      technique.

PMID- 3883791
TI  - Postoperative astigmatism after central vs eccentric penetrating keratoplasties.
AB  - Six patients with markedly eccentric penetrating keratoplasties had severe
      corneal astigmatism (mean, 10.38 +/- 2.91 diopters). In four of these patients
      the flat meridian was lying in the direction of graft displacement. Laboratory
      experiments disclosed no statistically significant difference in diameter between
      the major and minor axes of the corneal buttons in the centrally and
      eccentrically trephined eyes and we could not elucidate the mechanism of the
      severe astigmatism. However, in the eccentrically trephined eyes the longer axis
      consistently lay in the direction of decentration whereas in the centrally
      trephined eyes the long axis was oriented randomly.

PMID- 3883792
TI  - Friedrich Gustav Jacob Henle (1809-1885).

PMID- 3883793
TI  - The Pulfrich effect in anisometropic amblyopia and strabismus.

PMID- 3883794
TI  - Re: Delayed bone grafting in the cleft maxilla and palate.

PMID- 3883795
TI  - Conservative surgical palatal expansion.

PMID- 3883796
TI  - Immunofluorescence microscopic evaluation of the intermediate filament expression
      of the adrenal cortex and medulla and their tumors.
AB  - Normal adrenal glands (10 specimens) and adrenal gland tumors (58 cases) were
      immunohistochemically evaluated for different types of intermediate filament (IF)
      proteins. Some of the normal cortical cells showed cytokeratin positivity, and no
      positivity was seen for epidermal keratin or other types of IF. In the adrenal
      medulla, neurofilament positivity was seen in nerve axons, some ganglion cells,
      and chromaffin cells; and cytokeratin-positive cells could not be detected. Only
      the vascular and connective tissue elements showed vimentin positivity in both
      cortical and medullary areas. In half of the cortical carcinomas (13/25),
      cytokeratin-positive tumor cells were found. Furthermore, vimentin-positive tumor
      cells were present in 10 of 25 cases, in some of them together with cytokeratin
      positive cells. Thus, the results show heterogeneity among the adrenal cortical
      carcinomas. Interestingly, many benign adrenal cortical tissues and some
      carcinomas lacked immunoreactivity for all types of IF, suggesting a poorly
      developed IF system in these tissues. In contrast to adrenal cortical tumors,
      pheochromocytomas contained neurofilamentlike immunoreactivity. These results
      reflect the different cellular nature of adrenal cortical and medullary tumors,
      which apparently can be distinguished from each other with antibodies to
      intermediate filament proteins.

PMID- 3883797
TI  - Patterns of pulmonary structural remodeling after experimental paraquat toxicity.
      The morphogenesis of intraalveolar fibrosis.
AB  - For a study of the evolution of interstitial and intraalveolar fibrosis,
      ultrastructural and immunohistochemical observations were made of the lungs of 16
      cynomolgous monkeys given 1 or 2 injections of 10 mg/kg of paraquat and
      sacrificed 2 days to 8 weeks later. At 2-3 days, alveolar epithelial cells were
      denuded in many areas, and fibronectin was conspicuous in alveolar spaces. At 1
      week, fibroblasts and inflammatory cells were migrating through gaps in the
      denuded epithelial basement membranes; Type II cells were regenerating in some
      areas. At 3-4 weeks, alveoli developing intraalveolar fibrosis contained many
      myofibroblasts, collagen fibrils, and small elastic fibers; fibrotic alveolar
      walls were lined by metaplastic squamous cells and bronchiolar epithelial cells.
      Spiraling collagen fibrils were found in interstitium but not in alveolar spaces,
      which suggests that they were formed from breakdown of collagen. Newly formed
      intraalveolar collagen was mainly Type I. At 8 weeks, intraalveolar fibrosis had
      led to extensive remodeling, with new glandlike alveoli lined by Type II cells;
      alveoli without intraalveolar fibrosis had more normal architecture. Thus,
      intraalveolar fibrosis in paraquattreated lung is mediated by intraalveolar
      migration of interstitial cells, through gaps in the epithelial basement
      membranes, after epithelial injury. This is followed by connective tissue
      synthesis on the luminal side of the epithelial basement membrane, by
      differentiation of interstitial cells into myofibroblasts and smooth-muscle
      cells, by incorporation of areas of intraalveolar fibrosis into the interstitium,
      and by coalescence of alveolar walls. Intraalveolar fibrosis is more important
      than interstitial fibrosis in the structural remodeling that occurs in
      paraquattreated lung, because it results in obliteration of alveoli, coalescence
      of alveolar walls, and loss of functional alveolar-capillary units.

PMID- 3883798
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of the surfactant apoprotein and Clara cell
      antigen in chemically induced and naturally occurring pulmonary neoplasms of
      mice.
AB  - The localization of surfactant apoprotein (SAP) and the Clara cell antigen(s)
      (CCA) was studied in naturally occurring and experimentally induced pulmonary
      hyperplasias and neoplasms by avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC)
      immunocytochemistry. Lungs of B6C3F1 and A strain mice with naturally occurring
      lesions, B6C3F1 mice given injections of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN), BALB/c
      nu/nu or nu/+ mice exposed transplacentally on Day 16 of gestation to
      ethylnitrosourea (ENU), or BALB/c nu/+ mice exposed to ENU at 8-12 weeks of age
      were preserved in formalin or Bouin's fixative. After ABC immunocytochemistry,
      SAP was found in the cytoplasm of normal alveolar Type II cells; in the majority
      of cells in focal alveolar and solid hyperplasias originating in peribronchiolar
      or peripheral locations; and in solid, tubular, papillary, and mixed adenomas and
      carcinomas. The larger mixed-pattern neoplasms and small or large tubular
      neoplasms usually had the least number of cells with SAP. The majority of large
      papillary adenomas and carcinomas in BALB/c mice exposed to ENU and in untreated
      A strain mice contained SAP in the nuclei of many neoplastic cells but only in
      the cytoplasm of a few neoplastic cells. CCA was found in normal Clara cells of
      bronchi and bronchioles but not in any hyperplastic or neoplastic lesion of any
      mouse studied. This study provided immunocytochemical evidence that the vast
      majority of naturally occurring and experimentally induced pulmonary neoplasms of
      mice are alveolar Type II cell adenomas and carcinomas.

PMID- 3883799
TI  - Relationship between degree of obesity and in vivo insulin action in man.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated reduced in vivo insulin action in obese
      subjects compared with lean controls. However, little data is available on the
      relationship between degree of obesity and insulin action, and this relationship
      has not been shown to be independent of individual differences in maximal aerobic
      capacity. We studied 55 male Pima Indians and 35 male Caucasians with normal
      glucose tolerance. In vivo insulin action was measured using the
      hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp technique at a plasma insulin concentration of
      approximately 100 microU/ml. Body composition was determined by densitometry, and
      maximal aerobic capacity was estimated using a graded exercise test. The results
      showed that degree of obesity was nonlinearly related to in vivo insulin action.
      In both Indians and Caucasians there was a significant decline in insulin action
      with increasing obesity up to a percent body fat of approximately 28-30%. Further
      increases in obesity in the Indians were not associated with significant changes
      in insulin action. Maximal aerobic capacity was positively linearly correlated
      with insulin action over the entire range of insulin action in both racial
      groups. Degree of obesity and maximal aerobic capacity were each independently
      associated with insulin action although these independent relationships were of
      marginal significance in the Caucasians. Surprisingly, individual differences in
      obesity and maximal aerobic capacity accounted for only half the variability
      observed in insulin action in these glucose tolerant subjects.

PMID- 3883800
TI  - Carbachol modulates GIP-mediated insulin release from rat pancreatic lobules in
      vitro.
AB  - Rat pancreatic lobules were used to investigate the interaction of gastric
      inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), carbachol, glucose, and an amino acid mixture on
      insulin secretion. At 5 mM glucose, GIP (1.1 ng/ml) did not augment insulin
      secretion in the presence or absence of carbachol (5 X 10(-5)M) during a 210-min
      incubation. However, at 11 mM glucose, GIP did augment insulin secretion in the
      presence (342.5 +/- 62.0 vs. 212.5 +/- 50.5 microU . ml-1 . mg tissue-1, mean +/-
      SE; P less than 0.01) but not the absence (217.0 +/- 45.5 vs. 205.8 +/- 35.0
      microU . ml-1 . mg tissue-1) of carbachol. During subsequent 30-min incubations,
      GIP was increased to a supra-physiological concentration of 11 ng/ml and again
      augmented insulin secretion with (65.8 +/- 10.8 vs. 27.8 +/- 2.4 microU . ml-1 .
      mg tissue-1 . h-1; P less than 0.001) but not without (37.2 +/- 1.8 vs. 30.2 +/-
      2 microU . ml-1 . mg-1 tissue-1 . h-1) carbachol present. This GIP-mediated
      insulin secretion was blocked by atropine (34.8 to 1.8 vs. 37.6 +/- 1.6 microU .
      ml-1 . mg tissue-1 . h-1). At amino acid concentrations of 21 and 211 mM, but not
      2.1 mM, GIP augmented insulin release but again only with carbachol present. In
      conclusion, porcine GIP augments amino acid as well as glucose-mediated insulin
      secretion in vitro. Furthermore, this biological action is dependent on an, as
      yet, unidentified cholinergic mechanism. The pathophysiological significance of
      the neural-hormonal interaction deserves further investigation.

PMID- 3883801
TI  - Enhanced intestinal insulinotropic effect in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
AB  - To study the intestinal insulinotropic effects in the diabetic state, an
      investigation was made into the release of insulin from isolated rat pancreas
      perfused with portal venous effluent (PVE) obtained from the isolated perfused
      intestine of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Rat intestine was perfused
      with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate medium for 1 h, and the PVE was collected from both
      untreated and glucose-treated intestines of control and diabetic rats. The PVE,
      after adjusting its glucose concentration to the desired level, was used as the
      perfusing medium for the pancreas of a different rat. Glucose concentration in
      the perfusion medium was maintained at 5.5 mM for 20 min and at 16.7 mM for the
      next 30 min. Insulin output from pancreas perfused with PVE from untreated
      intestine of diabetic rats (252 +/- 45 ng/30 min, mean +/- SD) was similar to
      that of controls (269 +/- 72 ng/30 min). Pancreatic insulin output with PVE from
      glucose-treated intestine of diabetic rats (579 +/- 100 ng/30 min) was
      significantly greater compared with either that using PVE from untreated
      intestine of diabetic rats (P less than 0.01) or that from glucose-treated
      intestine of control rats (368 +/- 57 ng/30 min) (P less than 0.02). These
      results indicate that the insulinotropic effect is markedly enhanced in
      streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

PMID- 3883802
TI  - In vivo studies of hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis in endotoxic shock.
AB  - Sheep were prepared with catheters in an artery and mesenteric, portal, and
      hepatic veins. Blood flows and metabolite concentration differences were measured
      across liver and gut. Net organ production rates were calculated for liver,
      portal drained viscera, and extrasplanchnic regions. Arterial glucose
      concentration rose for 2 h after endotoxin administration. The hyperglycemia was
      associated with increased hepatic glucose production. Hypoglycemia developed
      between 3 and 8 h when hepatic glucose production decreased closer to control
      values. Arterial glucagon concentrations rose to high levels during the
      hypoglycemic period. Neither hepatic blood flow or oxygen delivery limited
      glucose production; uptake of the gluconeogenic substrate lactate was reduced on
      some occasions. Glucose utilization was increased in shock. Portal glucose
      utilization accounted for 14.5% of nonhepatic glucose utilization. Increased
      portal glucose utilization was not related to plasma insulin concentrations or
      insufficient oxygen supply to the gut. Hyperglycemia drove glucose utilization.
      Although plasma insulin concentrations rose significantly in endotoxemia, the
      increase in pancreatic insulin output was much smaller and failed to attain
      statistical significance.

PMID- 3883803
TI  - Glucose turnover during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in liver-denervated rats.
AB  - The role of hepatic autonomic nerves in glucose production during hypoglycemia
      was studied. Selective, surgical denervation of the liver was performed in rats,
      which reduced hepatic norepinephrine concentrations by 96%. Hypoglycemia was
      induced by 250 mU of insulin intra-arterially in anesthetized as well as in
      chronically catheterized, awake rats. Half of the anesthetized denervated or sham
      operated rats had previously been adrenodemedullated. Glucose turnover was
      measured by primed, constant intravenous infusion of [3-3H]glucose. Before as
      well as during hypoglycemia the arterial glucose concentration and rates of
      production and utilization of glucose were similar in denervated rats and control
      rats. Also hepatic glycogen depletion was similar in the groups. The lack of
      effect of denervation could not be ascribed to compensating changes in hormone or
      substrate levels. In adrenodemedullated rats lack of glucose recovery from
      hypoglycemia was accompanied by delayed normalization of glucose clearance. In
      fed rats, activity in hepatic autonomic nerves is not a primary mechanism
      increasing glucose production during acute hypoglycemia. Epinephrine enhances
      glucose recovery by decreasing glucose clearance rather than by increasing
      glucose production, at least when glucagon is present.

PMID- 3883804
TI  - Role of palatability on meal-induced thermogenesis in human subjects.
AB  - To study the possible participation of food-induced sensory stimulation on meal
      thermogenesis an experiment was performed with eight female subjects. On
      alternate days subjects were fed either a highly palatable meal (HPM), containing
      710 calories, or a nonpalatable meal (NPM). The NPM was prepared by mixing all
      the ingredients of the HPM and was presented to the subjects as a desiccated
      biscuit. The subjects were not informed about the composition of the NPM, which
      they rated as tasteless and unappetizing. The increase in O2 consumption was
      approximately 20% during the 90 min following the HPM compared with 12% with the
      NPM (P less than 0.01). With comparable increases in plasma glucose, plasma
      insulin level was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower following NPM ingestion
      than with ingestion of the HPM. At that time a significant increase in plasma
      norepinephrine was also observed but only following ingestion of the HPM. It
      would appear that both central sensory stimulation or plasma insulin level, as
      affected by food palatability, could be considered at this time as possible
      activators of the increased sympathetic activity observed following ingestion of
      the HPM. It is suggested that a part of meal thermogenesis is due to food
      palatability and that the concomitant activation of the sympathetic system may be
      related to this action.

PMID- 3883805
TI  - Muscle protein turnover: effects of exercise training and renal insufficiency.
AB  - Chronic renal failure is associated with an enhanced catabolism of muscle
      protein. To determine the effect of exercise training and moderate renal
      insufficiency on net protein catabolism and protein synthesis in isolated
      epitrochlearis muscles, three-fourth nephrectomized and control rats were
      exercise trained or remained sedentary. Net muscle protein degradation was
      determined by measuring the rates of release of phenylalanine and tyrosine.
      Protein synthesis was determined by measuring the incorporation of [U
      14C]phenylalanine into muscle protein. Exercise training reduced the elevated
      protein degradation of uremia to control levels. In control rats, exercise
      training had no effect on protein degradation. Exercise training increased
      alanine release in control rats but did not further increase the elevated alanine
      release of uremia. Protein synthesis was unaffected by both uremia and exercise
      training. Exercise training in control and uremic rats moderately increased the
      responsiveness of muscle to insulin by reducing net protein degradation but did
      not further enhance the insulin-stimulated increase in protein synthesis. Thus
      exercise training ameliorates the enhanced muscle protein degradation of moderate
      renal insufficiency.

PMID- 3883806
TI  - Dose-response curves for in vivo insulin sensitivity in individual tissues in
      rats.
AB  - A technique is described for examining in vivo insulin action on glucose
      utilization in individual tissues in the intact conscious rat. Indices of tissue
      glucose metabolic rate Rg' and of the percentage of total glucose uptake
      incorporated into specific storage products (Cf) are derived from tissue analysis
      after bolus administration of 2-[3H]deoxyglucose and [14C]glucose during the
      plateau phase of the euglycemic clamp. The effects of insulin elevation have been
      examined in several tissues. Rg' in diaphragm increased 10-fold over basal
      (maximal) with a half-maximal sensitivity (ED50) of 150 mU/l. This was similar to
      the ED50 for net whole body glucose utilization of 133 mU/l. In adipose tissue
      Rg' increased by twofold and Cf into lipids by sixfold; both were near maximal at
      150 mU/l (ED50 of 60 mU/l). A small but significant insulin effect (Rg' increased
      2-fold) was found in lung. Insulin did not significantly increase Cf into total
      liver lipids or glycogen. The methodology described here significantly increases
      the usefulness of the glucose clamp technique in the study of insulin action.
      Dose-response curves for insulin action during the euglycemic clamp vary
      considerably among different target tissues in the rat.

PMID- 3883807
TI  - Increased ethanol consumption and blood ethanol levels in rats with portacaval
      shunts.
AB  - In a series of experiments, it was demonstrated that male rats with end-to-side
      portacaval shunts (PCS) consumed more ethanol and exhibited higher blood ethanol
      levels than sham-operated control animals in chronic tests with 2% ethanol and
      water ad libitum. Ethanol intake in the 6 h prior to blood sampling was 2-5 times
      and blood ethanol 10-50 times higher in PCS than control rats. These effects were
      not due to the feminization of male rats occurring after a PCS, since female PCS
      rats exhibited comparable increases of ethanol intake and blood ethanol. In both
      sexes ethanol elimination rate and alcohol dehydrogenase activity per total liver
      were lower after PCS than in control rats, explaining the disproportionate
      increase in blood ethanol relative to ethanol intake. Interestingly, ethanol
      intake was not abnormal in PCS rats fed a low-protein, low-tryptophan diet (corn)
      alone or as a supplement to the usual chow diet. Such dietary modulation of
      ethanol preference in this animal model of chronic liver dysfunction merits
      further attention.

PMID- 3883808
TI  - Role of prostaglandins in control of intestinal motility.
AB  - Intestinal myoelectric activity was measured in four conscious dogs with
      implanted monopolar electrodes after administration of prostaglandins (PG) and
      indomethacin (Indo), a potent inhibitor of PG biosynthesis. PGE2 and PGI2 given
      intravenously caused a dose-dependent decrease in the frequency of the migrating
      myoelectric complex (MMC) in fasted dogs and in postprandial spike activity in
      fed animals. In contrast, PGF2 alpha interrupted the MMC and caused a fedlike
      pattern in fasted dogs and did not affect the postprandial spike activity.
      Similar effects were observed after intra-arterial infusion of PGs. PGE2 and PGI2
      infused into the superior mesenteric artery caused a dose-dependent inhibition of
      the fasted and postprandial pattern of myoelectric activity of the small bowel,
      whereas PGF2 alpha blocked the MMC and increased spike activity. Indo injected in
      a single intravenous dose caused a significant reduction in the MMC interval, and
      Indo infused intravenously in a constant dose induced fedlike motility pattern in
      fasted dogs but had little effect on the postprandial activity in these animals.
      This study demonstrates that exogenous PGs of E and I series administered
      intravenously or intra-arterially inhibit intestinal motility, whereas PGF2 alpha
      has opposite effects. The finding that Indo increases intestinal motility
      indicates that endogenous PGs are important in the physiological control of
      intestinal motility.

PMID- 3883809
TI  - Nephroimmunopathology and pathophysiology.
AB  - Immunologic models of renal injury are useful in the study of pathophysiology.
      Some of these models have already been used in glomerular micropuncture studies
      and were shown to be approachable with the same techniques that were developed to
      study normal renal function. The typical decrease in the glomerular permeability
      coefficient found in such studies is countered by an increase in the hydrostatic
      pressure gradient, minimizing decreases in single nephron filtration rate.
      Antibody mechanisms involving either direct glomerular (and tubular) fixation of
      antibody or accumulation of immune complex materials provide an array of acute
      and chronic lesions for evaluation with relevance to the bulk of immune
      glomerular and tubular lesions in humans. The influences of varied and
      overlapping immune mediator systems are also useful areas for physiologic
      assessment. The tools of the renal immunopathologist may be useful to the
      physiologist in identifying and localizing the effects of transport systems
      central to renal function. The collaborative interaction of investigators skilled
      in immunology, pathology, and physiology is necessary to achieve optimum
      scientific value.

PMID- 3883810
TI  - Interactions between adenosine and angiotensin II in controlling glomerular
      filtration.
AB  - This study examined interactions between adenosine (Ado) and angiotensin II (ANG
      II) in controlling renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
      In six normal dogs, intrarenal Ado infusion (1.0 mumol/min) transiently decreased
      RBF, but during sustained Ado infusion RBF increased to 122 +/- 7% of control,
      although GFR remained at 75 +/- 6% of control. Blockade of ANG II formation with
      the converting enzyme inhibitor SQ 14225 (n = 6) almost abolished the transient
      decrease in RBF but did not prevent the sustained fall in GFR caused by Ado. When
      circulating ANG II was held constant by intravenous infusion of SQ 14225 and 20
      ng . kg-1 . min-1 of ANG II (n = 6), Ado transiently decreased RBF but the return
      of RBF was much slower than in normal dogs and RBF did not increase above
      control. Maintenance of constant circulating ANG II did not prevent Ado-mediated
      decreases in GFR. These observations suggest that Ado-mediated reductions in GFR
      do not depend entirely on ANG II and may be due to dilation of efferent
      arterioles by Ado. However, the transient renal vasoconstriction caused by Ado
      depends on ANG II, and data from this study suggest that part of the waning
      constrictor response to Ado is due to suppression of renin secretion and
      endogenous ANG II formation. In circumstances where high ANG II levels are
      maintained (i.e., ischemic renal failure), Ado may be capable of causing
      sustained renal vasoconstriction.

PMID- 3883811
TI  - Role of prostaglandins in renin suppression during acute potassium loading.
AB  - Acute K loading suppresses plasma renin activity (PRA) and may alter
      prostaglandin biosynthesis. To determine whether the effect of K on PRA was
      modulated through changes in the prostaglandin system, dietary NaCl-restricted
      rats were infused with prostaglandin I2. PRA was then determined before and 90
      min after a KNO3 infusion. Control rats received only the prostaglandin infusion.
      PRA increased in rats receiving prostaglandins alone. K loading prevented the
      increase in PRA. To further exclude prostaglandins in PRA suppression during K
      loading, the effects of K on PRA were determined during prostaglandin inhibition
      with meclofenamate or indomethacin. K loading also suppressed PRA during
      prostaglandin inhibition. In neither study could the changes in PRA be attributed
      to changes in mean arterial pressure, glomerular filtration rate, plasma volume
      expansion, or urinary NaCl excretion rate. We conclude that the effects of K on
      PRA are independent of the prostaglandin system.

PMID- 3883812
TI  - High potassium intake selectively increases urinary PGF2 alpha excretion in the
      rat.
AB  - This study was designed to investigate relationships between dietary potassium
      and the renal prostaglandin system in rats. The potassium content of the diet was
      0.162 mmol/g during the control period and 0.004, 0.162, 1.351, or 2.702 mmol/g
      during the experimental period. Relative to control data in rats fed a 0.162
      mmol/g potassium diet, the urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was not
      affected by high potassium intake but increased (P less than 0.05) by 25% in rats
      fed a low potassium diet for 13 days and was associated with reduction of plasma
      potassium and with elevation of both plasma renin and net release of 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha from renal inner medulla slices incubated in Krebs solution. The excretion
      of PGF2 alpha was not affected by low potassium intake but increased (P less than
      0.05) by about twofold in rats fed a potassium-rich diet (1.351 and 2.702 mmol/g)
      for 13 days and was associated with elevation of plasma potassium concentration,
      renal prostaglandin 9-keto-reductase activity, and urinary excretion of
      kallikrein and vasopressin. The urinary excretion of PGE2 was not altered in rats
      fed either low or high potassium diets. Altogether, these results indicate
      selective influence of dietary potassium on the urinary excretion of
      prostaglandins in the rat.

PMID- 3883813
TI  - Neural projections from paraventricular nucleus that subserve vasomotor
      functions.
AB  - Descending projections from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN)
      either terminate in the dorsal medulla or pass through the ventrolateral medulla
      to terminate in the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord. We sought to
      determine whether a cardiovascular function is subserved by these pathways.
      Electrical stimulation of the PVN in urethan-anesthetized rats produced increases
      in blood pressure and mesenteric and renal vascular resistances while hindquarter
      resistance decreased. This integrated cardiovascular response appeared to be
      neurogenically mediated because it was virtually abolished by ganglionic blockade
      and unaffected by blockade of peripheral vascular vasopressin receptors. Adrenal
      catecholamines appeared to contribute since adrenalectomy reduced the response,
      especially the hindquarter vasodilation. Interruption with a knife cut of the PVN
      dorsal medullary pathway did not affect the response to PVN stimulation except
      for hindquarter vasodilation, which was reduced significantly. Interruption of
      the PVN-ventrolateral medullary pathway by local microinjection of lidocaine
      blocked the pressor and vasoconstrictor responses to PVN stimulation but enhanced
      the hindquarter vasodilation. These data suggest that fibers descending from the
      PVN responsible for skeletal muscle vasodilation pass to or through the dorsal
      medulla, whereas efferent vasoconstrictor pathways from the PVN appear to course
      through, or synapse in, the ventrolateral medulla.

PMID- 3883814
TI  - Alteration of adipocyte calcium homeostasis by Escherichia coli endotoxin.
AB  - The present study evaluated calcium homeostasis in rat adipocytes after either in
      vivo or in vitro exposure to Escherichia coli endotoxin. Fat cells from endotoxin
      treated rats showed an enhanced uptake of 45Ca. In an attempt to differentiate
      between 45Ca binding to the cell surface and intracellular 45Ca accumulation,
      adipocytes were exposed to 5 mM LaCl3. The amount of 45Ca remaining associated
      with lanthanum-treated adipocytes was taken to be located intracellularly and was
      increased in adipocytes from endotoxin-treated rats. The amount of 45Ca displaced
      by lanthanum was also increased in adipocytes from endotoxin-treated rats. This
      suggested that the endotoxin-induced increase of 45Ca accumulation included both
      cell surface and intracellular binding sites. Compartmental analysis of the
      exchange kinetics of cell-associated 45Ca with 40Ca in the medium indicated a 77%
      increase in the size of the cell surface compartment of adipocytes from endotoxin
      treated rats compared with controls. In addition, endotoxin treatment altered the
      flux of calcium from the cells to the medium. In vitro exposure of freshly
      prepared adipocytes to 250 or 750 micrograms endotoxin/ml did not produce a
      perturbation of adipocyte calcium homeostasis. The results indicate that
      endotoxin induces alterations in the ability of adipocytes to regulate calcium
      translocations, suggesting that some metabolic and hormonal aspects of
      endotoxins' actions may be mediated through perturbation of cellular calcium
      homeostasis.

PMID- 3883816
TI  - The Consensus Development Program of the National Institutes of Health.

PMID- 3883815
TI  - The pharmacological treatment of delusional depression.
AB  - The authors investigated the pharmacological treatment of delusional depression
      by assigning patients on a random double-blind basis to amitriptyline alone,
      perphenazine alone, or a combination of the two. Fourteen (78%) of the 18
      patients assigned to amitriptyline plus perphenazine were responders, compared
      with seven (41%) of 17 patients treated with amitriptyline alone and three (19%)
      of the 16 patients treated with perphenazine alone. The combination of
      amitriptyline and perphenazine was clearly superior (p less than .01).

PMID- 3883817
TI  - Response to phenelzine among depressed patients with features of hysteroid
      dysphoria.
AB  - A 21-item questionnaire eliciting features of hysteroid dysphoria was
      administered to 51 depressed outpatients. Of the 47 patients who completed a 6
      week double-blind study comparing the efficacy of amitriptyline and phenelzine,
      14 had questionnaire scores greater than or equal to 13 (high score) and 33 had
      scores less than 13 (low score). Nine of nine high-score patients responded to
      phenelzine; only three of five high-score patients responded to amitriptyline.
      Low-score patients responded equally well to either drug (79% improved). These
      findings suggest that some depressed patients have features of hysteroid
      dysphoria and that these patients respond preferentially to phenelzine.

PMID- 3883818
TI  - The origins of American psychiatric epidemiology.
AB  - Psychiatric epidemiology developed relatively late (as compared with epidemiology
      generally). Nineteenth century psychiatrists, although avid collectors of
      statistics, did not use such data in any systematic manner. The impetus for the
      creation of an epidemiology of mental illness came from the work of late
      nineteenth century social scientists concerned with understanding individual and
      social behavior and applying their findings to social problems. Initially they
      helped to create the modern census, which represented a radical faith that
      quantitative research, when merged with administrative rationality, could replace
      politics. During and after the 1920s, the demographic analysis of the
      institutionalized mentally ill population expanded sharply; by the late 1930s and
      1940s psychiatric epidemiologists had begun to study the role of
      socioenvironmental variables and the incidence of mental illness in the
      community. Twentieth century psychiatric epidemiologists, however, faced a severe
      intellectual problem; their work rested on a descriptive rather than an
      etiological nosology. Consequently, the results of epidemiological studies in
      psychiatry often differed precisely because of variations in the design of
      studies and classification systems as well as the subjective observations of the
      investigators themselves. The ensuing disagreements among those involved in the
      epidemiologic study of mental illness were a natural consequence.

PMID- 3883819
TI  - "One man's meat, another man's poison": two chapters in the history of public
      health.

PMID- 3883821
TI  - Disseminated bombesin-producing carcinoid tumor of pulmonary origin.
AB  - A case of a bombesin-producing carcinoid tumor of the lung is reported.
      Morphologically, the tumor was a typical argentaffinic carcinoid which contained
      bombesin as demonstrated by diffuse granular cytoplasmic staining using the
      immunoperoxidase method. Electron microscopy revealed dense-core granules
      measuring 100-150 nm, consistent with bombesin-containing endocrine cells. In
      man, bombesin-producing endocrine cells are found predominantly in the
      bronchopulmonary tree and scattered throughout the intestinal tract. The majority
      of previously reported bombesin-producing tumors have arisen, as in this case, in
      the lung; thus the demonstration of bombesin-like immunoreactivity in a widely
      metastatic tumor should direct the search for a primary lesion to the lung.
      Bombesin is known to have gastrin-releasing hormone activity. The presence of a
      gastric ulcer in the present patient raised the possibility of a bombesin
      mediated Zollinger-Ellison-like syndrome, an association not previously
      described.

PMID- 3883820
TI  - Histiocytosis X (Langerhans' cell granulomatosis) of the thymus. A
      clinicopathologic study of four childhood cases.
AB  - Four cases of histiocytosis X (Langerhans' cell granulomatosis) involving the
      thymus are presented. All the patients were children, their age at diagnosis
      ranging from 2 months to 8 years. In two cases, the disease seemed restricted to
      the thymus; in the other two, there was extrathymic involvement. The treatment
      was generally in the form of surgical excision. All the patients are alive and
      well on follow-up. The light-microscopic appearance was that classically
      described for histiocytosis X in all cases. Staining for S-100 protein was
      strongly positive in the two cases in which it was carried out.

PMID- 3883822
TI  - Prophylaxis with whole gut irrigation and antimicrobials in colorectal surgery. A
      prospective, randomized double-blind clinical trial.
AB  - In a prospective, randomized double-blind trial, the efficacy of whole gut
      irrigation as preoperative bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery was
      evaluated alone and in combination with two antimicrobial agents in 148 patients.
      The antimicrobial regimens were metronidazole alone or metronidazole and
      ampicillin administered systemically preoperatively and continued for 3 days.
      Whole gut irrigation was completed without any discomfort in 87 percent of the
      patients. In 3 percent, the irrigation was stopped and the patients were excluded
      from the study. Abdominal wound infection developed in 32 percent of the patients
      after whole gut irrigation, and the addition of metronidazole decreased this
      incidence to 22 percent (not significant). The incidence in wound infections in
      the group receiving metronidazole as well as ampicillin was 2 percent, and this
      difference was highly significant compared with both other groups. No significant
      difference was found for the incidence of intraabdominal abscesses (p = 0.06),
      infection of the perineal wound, or anastomotic leakage. No difference in the
      postoperative infection rate was found between a bowel containing fecal fluid or
      fecal masses, but when a bowel was clean, significantly fewer infectious
      complications were found. Whole gut irrigation is a rapid, well-tolerated, easily
      performed, and safe form of preoperative bowel preparation in elective colorectal
      surgery if combined with systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis consisting of
      antimicrobial agents effective against anaerobic and aerobic organisms.

PMID- 3883823
TI  - Urinary albumin excretion in renal transplant donors.
AB  - Twenty-four hour urinary albumin excretion was measured using sensitive methods
      in 129 renal transplant donors 1 to 22 years (mean 7.3 years) after kidney
      donation. The 24 hour urinary albumin excretion values for the donor group was 6
      +/- 9.9 mg (mean +/- standard deviation) (range of 0.1 to 65.2 mg) and was 7.7 +/
      4.5 mg for the control group. Five donors (3.9 percent) had 24 hour urinary
      albumin excretion levels of 25.5 to 65.2 mg 6 to 13 years after donation, values
      that were greater than a single value from any member of the control group.
      Elevated diastolic blood pressure (90 mm Hg or greater) was present in these five
      donors, and in three, labile or established hypertension was present at the time
      of donation. It is likely that more careful screening of potential donors with
      labile or fixed hypertension would further reduce the incidence of
      microalbuminuria in the renal transplant donor. We conclude that urinary albumin
      excretion values are within the normal range in most renal transplant donors
      studied several years after renal donation.

PMID- 3883824
TI  - Barrett's esophagus: current views of etiology and treatment.
AB  - Barrett's esophagus is now thought to be an acquired condition rather than a
      congenital condition. It has a dangerous potential for malignancy; yet,
      aggressive medical management, antireflux procedures, and diligent follow-up may
      reduce the incidence of malignancy in this condition.

PMID- 3883825
TI  - Evaluation of fetal well-being by ultrasonography.

PMID- 3883826
TI  - Treatment of ascites.

PMID- 3883827
TI  - Treatment of ulcer disease.

PMID- 3883828
TI  - Surgery for obesity. An overview.

PMID- 3883829
TI  - Update on upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

PMID- 3883830
TI  - Medical and surgical aspects of urinary stone disease.

PMID- 3883832
TI  - Sound waves track cardiac flow.

PMID- 3883831
TI  - Approach to the use of antimicrobial combinations.

PMID- 3883833
TI  - Mental retardation. Twenty years later.

PMID- 3883835
TI  - Josef Jadassohn. A personal appreciation.

PMID- 3883834
TI  - The man behind the eponym. Max Borst (1869-1946).

PMID- 3883836
TI  - Implications of social scars.

PMID- 3883837
TI  - Intraepidermal epithelioma of Borst-Jadassohn.

PMID- 3883838
TI  - Effects of killed and live attenuated influenza vaccine on symptoms and specific
      airway conductance in asthmatics and healthy subjects.
AB  - Killed and live influenza virus vaccines were given to asthmatics and healthy
      subjects to investigate symptoms and alterations in their respiratory performance
      after vaccination. Polyvalent killed influenza virus vaccine was given to 16
      asthmatics and live attenuated influenza virus vaccine to 23 asthmatics and 21
      healthy subjects. Fourteen of the 16 asthmatics vaccinated with the killed
      vaccine displayed a significant rise in serum antibody level as measured by a
      single radial haemolysis in gel (SRH test). 11 of the 23 asthmatics and 14 of the
      21 healthy subjects vaccinated with the live attenuated vaccine displayed a
      significant rise in the SRH test. Among the subjects with no measurable initial
      antibodies and with a significant rise in the SRH test, one asthmatic vaccinated
      with the killed vaccine experienced symptoms of common cold with fever and
      dyspnoea 1 week after vaccination. Three asthmatics and four healthy subjects
      vaccinated with live attenuated vaccine experienced mild symptoms, mainly
      rhinorrhoea, cough and sore throat 2 to 3 days after vaccination. No alterations
      in specific airway conductance in asthmatics or in healthy subjects were
      observed. We conclude that both killed and live attenuated influenza virus
      vaccines are tolerated well by asthmatics and appear to be safe for asthma
      patients.

PMID- 3883839
TI  - Cardiac transplantation at Harefield. A review from the anaesthetist's
      standpoint.
AB  - In the period January 1980 to February 1984, 91 heart transplant operations were
      performed at Harefield Hospital. The current statistics of the transplantation
      programme are presented. The survival rate since the introduction of the
      immunosuppressive agent Cyclosporin A is 78% at one year. This paper summarises
      the special care required for these patients with particular reference to the
      anaesthetic management.

PMID- 3883840
TI  - Treatment of acute total atelectasis. Use of a double lumen tube.
AB  - Three cases are described of complete collapse of a lung in the absence of
      bronchial obstruction. The condition was treated by the application of a
      sustained high pressure (6 kPa) to the affected lung through one limb of a double
      lumen bronchial tube whilst intermittent positive pressure ventilation was
      continued through the other limb.

PMID- 3883841
TI  - Severe hypercalcaemia due to a parathyroid-type hormone-secreting tumour of the
      liver treated by hepatic transplantation. A rare combination of biochemical
      problems and discussion of their management.
AB  - It is very rare for a patient to have to be submitted for surgery and anaesthesia
      with severe hypercalcaemia unresponsive to medical treatment. Problems which may
      be anticipated are hypertension, hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias and renal
      failure. Anaesthesia for liver transplantation also requires a full appreciation
      of the biochemical, haematological and haemodynamic problems involved. In the
      present report a patient scheduled for hepatic transplantation had a consistently
      raised serum calcium level (4 mmol/litre) due to the secretion of a parathyroid
      type hormone by hepatic tumour cells. The pre-operative management of
      hypercalcaemia and intra- and postoperative management of liver transplantation
      in this patient are presented and discussed.

PMID- 3883842
TI  - A sticky hazard for the airway.

PMID- 3883843
TI  - [The significance of tramadol as an intraoperative analgesic. A randomized double
      blind study in comparison with placebo].
AB  - Tramadol-N2O anaesthesia as recommended by Stoffregen was studied in 40 patients
      (ASA I-II) undergoing elective orthopaedic or lower abdominal surgery. Fentanyl
      and droperidol (Thalamonal)/atropine were given as i.m. premedication, induction
      was performed using methohexitone, succinylcholine and pancuronium, ventilation
      was controlled by means of a Takaoka respirator (N2O/O2 79:21, 4 breaths/min).
      Intraoperative analgesia was provided by a biphasic tramadol infusion. However,
      half the patients were given placebo infusion (0.9% NaCl) instead of tramadol in
      a randomized and double-blind manner in order to evaluate tramadol efficacy as
      one component of balanced anaesthesia. Whenever anaesthetic depth appeared to be
      insufficient enflurane (0,5-1.5 vol.%) was administered for short periods. Blood
      pressure, pulse rate as well as cumulative enflurane dose were documented;
      postoperative analgesic requirement and awareness of intraoperative events (tape
      recorder music offered via earphones) were further used to assess tramadol
      effects. Anaesthesia proved to be quite comparable in both groups; patients felt
      satisfied without exception. Relative cumulative enflurane times (vol.% . min,
      related to duration of anesthesia) did not differ significantly (tramadol 5.9%,
      placebo 4.9%). When enflurane had not been necessary (tramadol n = 13, placebo n
      = 10), mean percentage rises of blood pressure or pulse rate, related to
      preoperative values, were found to be slightly higher in the tramadol group.
      Postoperative analgesic requirement was reduced significantly after tramadol.
      Striking differences between the two groups, on the other hand, were shown with
      respect to intraoperative awareness: while patients receiving placebo proved to
      be amnaesic, 65% of tramadol patients were aware of intraoperative
      music.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3883844
TI  - Cardiac pacing in intensive care.
AB  - Cardiac pacing techniques and equipment have developed dramatically in recent
      years. Bradycardias and tachycardias may be effectively treated by pacing.
      Bradyarrhythmias: It is generally accepted that pacing is indicated for a
      sustained symptomatic bradycardia. Prophylactic pacing for 'high-risk' bundle
      branch block in acute myocardial infarction is more controversial. A new era in
      cardiology has been introduced with the advent of 'physiological pacing', i.e.
      pacing of the heart with the maintenance of atrioventricular synchrony and
      varying the heart rate according to the body's metabolic leads. Modern pacing
      systems, which allow the atria and ventricles to contract in sequence, improve
      cardiac haemodynamics, result in subjective improvement and increase exercise
      tolerance. There are, however, pacemaker-associated and pacemaker-mediated
      tachyarrhythmias. Further advances in technology should overcome these problems.
      Tachyarrhythmias: Intracardiac electrocardiograms are often useful in the
      diagnosis of tachyarrhythmias, especially wide complex tachycardias. Rapid pacing
      of the atria in certain supraventricular tachycardias or of the ventricle in
      ventricular tachycardia is an alternative to cardioversion in many instances.
      This form of treatment is usually utilised in conjunction with drug therapy.

PMID- 3883845
TI  - The introduction of local anaesthesia in Australia, January 19, 1885.
AB  - Medical journals in Australia between 1856 and 1884 were wont to publish many
      references to forms of local anaesthesia, probably because this form of pain
      relief was of assistance to lone practitioners in isolated country towns. Some of
      these methods are described, as is the first use of cocaine by A. S. Gray and J.
      T. Rudall on January 19, 1885. As in journals elsewhere there followed a spate of
      articles reporting various aspects of cocaine and its usage, including an
      abortive attempt to find an alternative agent.

PMID- 3883846
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic observations of casts of human dentinal tubules
      along the interface between primary and secondary dentine.
AB  - A scanning electron microscope cast technique was used to examine the interface
      between primary and secondary dentine in young and old human teeth. In addition,
      more traditional methods were used to examine this interface with light
      microscopy, identical regions being viewed before and after demineralization. No
      continuity was seen between the tubules in primary dentine and those in irregular
      secondary dentine in the scanning electron microscope preparations. These
      preparations did show the tubules to be continuous between primary dentine and
      regular secondary dentine in young and old teeth. Both the scanning electron
      microscopic and light microscopic observations suggested that regular secondary
      dentine becomes highly sclerosed in old teeth.

PMID- 3883847
TI  - The narrowing of high endothelial venules of the rat lymph node.
AB  - The lymph node contains blood vessels of a special type, termed "high endothelial
      venules" (HEVs), which are involved in the process of lymphocyte recirculation.
      In standard tissue sections, many HEVs exhibit a nearly closed or closed lumen
      containing small lymphocytes but few, if any, erythrocytes. The question arose as
      to whether the appearance of HEVs in tissue sections is influenced by the routine
      method of animal sacrifice and/or of tissue processing. Therefore, the present
      work investigated the effects on HEVs of sacrificing rats as well as of excising
      and fixing their nodes with various procedures. It was observed that procedures
      involving animal bleeding or blood loss from nodes increase the percentage of
      HEVs exhibiting a nearly closed or closed lumen. The results further revealed
      that the endothelial thickness and other morphological features of HEVs are
      modified by this artifactual narrowing of HEVs. The possible significance of the
      phenomenon is discussed.

PMID- 3883848
TI  - Protamine: a review of its toxicity.
AB  - The prospective human studies considered above reveal that in some patients
      protamine is associated with decreases in SBP and SVR, especially when
      administered rapidly. Cardiac output increases reflexly, except perhaps in
      patients with less compliant ventricles, which are more dependent on preload to
      maintain stroke volume. In the latter, decreases in filling volume associated
      with protamine can lower CO. Regardless of the rate of administration, protamine
      does not produce predictable, acute increases in PAP, although increases in PAP
      may occur during idiosyncratic reactions (see the section on idiosyncratic
      reactions below). Left atrial or aortic administration of protamine may not
      confer protection from its hemodynamic or idiosyncratic sequelae (see below).
      Little evidence exists to conclude that protamine directly depresses
      contractility of the human heart.

PMID- 3883849
TI  - Effects of epidural anesthesia on catecholamines, renin activity, and vasopressin
      changes induced by tilt in elderly men.
AB  - Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, plasma catecholamines, renin activity, and
      vasopressin changes induced by a 30-degree head-up tilt were studied before and
      during epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine in eight elderly patients (ages 58-82
      yr). The tilt performed before epidural anesthesia did not modify mean arterial
      pressure, heart rate, plasma catecholamines, renin activity, and vasopressin at 5
      and 15 min. During epidural anesthesia, the superior level of analgesia ranged
      from T4 to T10. Epidural anesthesia induced significant (P less than 0.05)
      decreases from control values in mean arterial pressure and plasma norepinephrine
      (from 85 +/- 6 to 67 +/- 8 mmHg and from 600 +/- 108 to 307 +/- 77 pg/ml,
      respectively, mean +/- SEM) without significant changes in heart rate, plasma
      epinephrine, renin activity, and vasopressin. However 5 and 15 min after tilt,
      significant decreases from pretilt values were measured in mean arterial pressure
      (from 67 +/- 8 to 57 +/- 6 and 55 +/- 6 mmHg, respectively) and in heart rate
      (from 70 +/- 8 to 63 +/- 7 and 62 +/- 7 beats/min). Simultaneously, an increase
      in plasma vasopressin (from 14.8 +/- 5.5 to 36.2 +/- 10.3 and 40.0 +/- 10.5
      pg/ml) was recorded, whereas plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine remained
      unchanged. Posttilt plasma renin activity values at 5 and 15 min were increased
      significantly when compared with the preepidural values (2,752 +/- 1,168, 2,410
      +/- 1,214 and 713 +/- 190 pg X ml-1 X h-1, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3883850
TI  - Robert Liston's letter to Dr. Francis Boott: its reappearance after 135 years.

PMID- 3883852
TI  - A manometer to measure demand valve reference pressure.

PMID- 3883851
TI  - Intrathecal morphine tolerance: use of intrathecal clonidine, DADLE, and
      intraventricular morphine.

PMID- 3883853
TI  - Five-year cumulative index. Volumes 52-61. 1980-1984.

PMID- 3883854
TI  - Isolation practices: a historical perspective.
AB  - Isolation practices assume a major role in the activities of many hospital
      infection prevention and control programs, yet few of the practices have been
      studied for efficacy. The origins for some of these practices can be traced to
      the nursing literature published in the American Journal of Nursing in the early
      part of the century. Others originated with public health measures for quarantine
      of communicable diseases in the community or attempts to simulate operating room
      practices for compromised patients. This historical review presents information
      about isolation practices from the perspective of the American Journal of Nursing
      with additional information from some Centers for Disease Control and American
      Hospital Association publications. The American Journal of Nursing was selected
      because it is a major source for content of nursing textbooks from which most
      nurses first learn isolation practices. Nurses are also the persons primarily
      responsible for the implementation of isolation practices in hospitals. Two
      themes emerged from this historical review: (1) a continuing debate about the
      importance of the inanimate environment and the importance of the airborne route
      versus the importance of contact with moist body substances as major modes of
      transmission of infectious agents and (2) a continuing debate between those who
      believe in special isolation techniques only for persons with diagnosed
      infections and those who believe all persons may harbor potentially infectious
      agents and who therefore focus attention on assessment of care requirements where
      contact with body substances is anticipated. This review is intended to encourage
      critical evaluation of isolation practices in use in hospitals today.

PMID- 3883855
TI  - Vascular architecture of the mandibular processes in hamster and rat.

PMID- 3883856
TI  - Effect of empiric dosing on blood levels of theophylline and phenytoin.
AB  - To evaluate empiric dosing guidelines for aminophylline and phenytoin in the
      management of acute exacerbations of obstructive lung disease and seizure
      disorders, we utilized an emergency department (ED)-based EMIT system to measure
      stat plasma theophylline and phenytoin levels in patients intended to receive
      these drugs. Plasma drug level results were available prior to initiation of
      therapy. Of the patients evaluated, 45 of 163 (27.6%) aminophylline patients and
      21 of 73 (28.7%) phenytoin patients were projected to have plasma concentrations
      below the recommended therapeutic range if empiric dosing schedules were
      employed. In addition, 39 of 163 (23.9%) aminophylline and 10 of 73 (13.7%)
      phenytoin patients, had they received these drugs empirically, would have had
      plasma theophylline and phenytoin levels in excess of the recommended therapeutic
      range using empiric dosing. We conclude that the use of empiric dosing guidelines
      for aminophylline and phenytoin in the ED do not reliably produce therapeutic
      plasma concentrations. The development of a stat drug analysis laboratory in the
      hospital or within the ED would improve the effectiveness and safety of these
      acutely used drugs with narrow therapeutic ranges.

PMID- 3883857
TI  - Comparison of nebulized terbutaline and subcutaneous epinephrine in the treatment
      of acute asthma.
AB  - Nineteen children who presented for treatment of acute asthma symptoms were
      studied. They were randomized to receive either subcutaneous epinephrine 0.01
      mg/kg (0.3 mg maximum) or nebulized terbutaline 1 mg in 2 mL normal saline. The
      drugs were administered using the double-blind method. Each patient received
      either subcutaneous epinephrine with concurrent nebulized normal saline or
      nebulized terbutaline with a concurrent subcutaneous injection of normal saline.
      Depending on the patient's clinical status, up to three doses of the same drug
      and placebo were administered. Pulmonary functions (FEV1, FVC, FEF25-75), heart
      rate, respiratory rate, and pulmonary index were obtained before treatment, at 20
      minutes, and at one hour after the final treatment. Except for the baseline
      respiratory rate, the mean number of treatments, pulmonary index, heart rate, and
      respiratory rate (at 20 minutes and one hour) were not statistically different.
      Pulmonary functions were not significantly different at any time. The one-hour
      post-treatment pulmonary functions (percentage of predicted normal) for
      terbutaline and epinephrine were FEV1, 49.2 +/- 18.4% and 49.4 +/- 16.9%; FVC,
      72.7 +/- 23.4% and 62.7 +/- 21.6%; and FEF25-75, 31.8 +/- 18.6% and 39.0 +/-
      12.2%, respectively. The data presented support our hypothesis that terbutaline
      by nebulization is at least as effective as epinephrine in the management of
      children with similar degrees of pulmonary obstruction.

PMID- 3883858
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the emergency physician.
AB  - Aids is a new public health disaster that is unlikely to be resolved quickly. It
      is manifested by a profound immune deficiency accompanied by the development of
      KS, PCP, and/or other opportunistic infections. A retrovirus, HTLV-III, is the
      probable cause of the immunosuppression, and it is transmitted in a manner
      similar to hepatitis B virus. Groups at highest risk include homosexual men,
      intravenous drug abusers, Haitians, and hemophiliacs. Therapy is largely
      experimental, and mortality is high. The emergency physician must be familiar
      with the signs, symptoms, and early management of AIDS. He should be able to
      offer guidance on disease prevention to both health care workers and members of
      high-risk groups. Allocation of major financial resources and intensive
      investigation are necessary to abort this cruel epidemic that affects primarily
      younger persons. Such investigation will undoubtedly produce new advances in
      virology, oncology, and immunology that will benefit medicine and society as a
      whole.

PMID- 3883859
TI  - VA moves to deny RN bargaining rights.

PMID- 3883860
TI  - In vivo initiation of unstimulated in vitro interleukin-1 release by alveolar
      macrophages.
AB  - Alveolar macrophages (AM) can be stimulated in vitro with material such as
      lipopolysaccharide, and this activation releases cytokines, collectively called
      interleukin-1, that can stimulate local cells such as fibroblasts, systemic cells
      such as lymphocytes, and/or distant parenchymal cells such as hepatocytes. During
      murine infection with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, AM are activated
      as the parasite larvae migrate through the lung. We examined AM for unstimulated
      release of lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF) and hepatocyte-stimulating factor
      (HSF) as evidence of in vivo activation. Two days after infection, marked
      unstimulated release of LAF was demonstrated along with a smaller increase in
      unstimulated release of HSF activity. Release of both activities could be further
      augmented by in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. Eight days after
      infection unstimulated HSF activity was even higher than on Day 2, whereas
      unstimulated LAF release returned to normal. These findings suggest that a
      natural infective process causes activation of the resident AM population,
      resulting in release of potent immune and inflammatory-modulating cytokines in
      situ and that AM play a crucial role in the initiation of host defense and repair
      responses to infection.

PMID- 3883861
TI  - The tussive effect of hyperpnea with cold air.
AB  - The tussive and bronchoconstrictive effects of hyperpnea with cold air (HCA) are
      described in 3 patients with exercise-induced cough, 7 volunteers with exercise
      induced cough, and 7 asymptomatic volunteers. Cough associated with HCA exceeded
      baseline cough in each of the patients and volunteers with exercise-induced cough
      and in all but one of the asymptomatic volunteers. The time course of cough was
      similar in each group. Maximal cough frequency occurred during the first 5 min
      after HCA and persisted to a much lesser degree during the ensuing 26 min. The
      time course of bronchoconstriction was similar to that of cough, with maximal
      decrements in specific airway conductance measured 5 min after HCA. Pretreatment
      with albuterol blocked HCA-induced bronchoconstriction but had no effect on HCA
      induced cough. No subject in any of the 3 groups was hyperreactive to
      methacholine aerosols. In subjects who are nonhyperreactive to methacholine
      aerosols, HCA has a characteristic, reproducible, and predictable tussive effect.
      Thus, HCA may be a useful tool for investigating the mechanism of cough and for
      evaluation of antitussive drugs.

PMID- 3883863
TI  - Prolonged expiratory phase in sleep apnea. A unifying hypothesis.
AB  - The mechanisms responsible for the various sleep apnea patterns have not been
      elucidated. In 5 hypersomnolent patients, we analyzed 613 events that would have
      been labeled mixed and central apneas had usual recording sensitivity been
      employed. Recording air flow at high sensitivity revealed that in most of these
      events expiratory flow was present throughout most of the prolonged period during
      which there was no inspiratory effort. In 378 events, resumption of inspiratory
      effort was unaccompanied by air flow (occluded events), whereas in 144 events
      resumption of inspiratory effort was accompanied by inspiratory air flow (not
      occluded events). In another 91 events, expiratory air flow ceased during the
      interval between inspiratory efforts and then recommenced unaccompanied by
      expiratory effort suggesting airway closure and reopening. Because expiratory air
      flow is present during a substantial portion of the prolonged interval between
      inspiratory efforts seen in our sleeping patients, we conclude that "apneas"
      should be defined relative to absence of inspiratory air flow. In addition, it
      appears that the initial portion of "mixed," and at least some "central apneas,"
      are associated with increased expiratory upper airway resistance.

PMID- 3883862
TI  - The effect of inhaled leukotriene D4 in humans.
AB  - Leukotriene D, (LTD4) is a potent bronchoconstrictor that may play an important
      role in asthma. To better characterize the effect of LTD4 on human airways,
      normal, rhinitic, and asthmatic subjects underwent inhalation challenge tests
      with LTD4 and methacholine. In all subjects increasing concentrations of LTD4
      produced a parallel decrease in specific airway conductance and flow at 30% of
      vital capacity measured from a partial forced expiratory maneuver (V30P). These
      changes occurred independent of any decrease in FEV1 or increase in functional
      residual capacity. The airway response to LTD4 was maximal within 2 to 3 min,
      persisted for approximately 30 min, and resolved over 1 to 3 h. Late effects were
      not seen. Rhinitic subjects were 3 to 5 times (p less than 0.01) and asthmatic
      subjects were 25 to 100 times (p less than 0.001) more sensitive than were normal
      subjects to LTD4. All 3 groups of subjects were 250 to 850 times more sensitive
      to LTD4 than to methacholine. Significant correlations were found between the
      concentration of LTD4 and the concentration of methacholine that produced a 35%
      decrease in specific airway conductance (r = 0.874; p less than 0.006) and a 30%
      decrease in V30P (r = 0.751; p less than 0.04). These results confirm that LTD4
      is a potent bronchoconstrictor in humans, with a rapid onset of action and a
      prolonged effect. In contrast to previous reports, we found that LTD4 has an
      equal effect on both large and small airways and that both asthmatic and normal
      subjects have the same degree of increased sensitivity to LTD4 as to
      methacholine.

PMID- 3883864
TI  - Inspiratory muscle resistive training in respiratory failure.
AB  - In this study, 4 patients who had failed weaning attempts using traditional
      methods underwent inspiratory muscle resistive training (IRT). Three patients
      showed improvements in inspiratory muscle strength (mean peak negative
      inspiratory pressure improved from 38 to 54 cm H2O) and in respiratory muscle
      endurance (mean PCO2 at the end of the same or a longer period of spontaneous
      breathing improved from 70 to 52 mmHg). These 3 patients were successfully weaned
      from mechanical ventilation after 10 to 24 days of IRT. A fourth patient showed
      no improvement and could not be weaned. This pilot study demonstrated that IRT
      can be useful in preparing patients with chronic respiratory failure for weaning
      from mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 3883865
TI  - Liver transplantation with cyclosporine and low-dose corticosteroids.
AB  - Twenty consecutive patients receiving 21 hepatic transplants were treated with
      cyclosporine and low-dose corticosteroids. Survival was 80 per cent at 30 days,
      75 per cent at 6 months, and 65% in the 6-17 months follow-up period. Compared
      with earlier series, this improved survival using cyclosporine results from fewer
      infectious and sound healing complications. Reliance on hepatic biopsy to confirm
      the diagnosis of rejection may also reduce the corticosteroid exposure and help
      diminish the complications of excessive immunosuppression.

PMID- 3883866
TI  - Scintiscanning in the evaluation of biliary enteric anastomoses.
AB  - The evaluation of symptomatic patients who have undergone biliary enteric
      anastomoses, particularly when the diversion was into the jejunum, is difficult.
      Conventional techniques for evaluation, such as oral cholecystography (OCG),
      intravenous cholangiography (IVC), ultrasonography (US), computer-assisted
      tomography scanning (CT scanning), or endoscopy are not adequate to provide
      definitive information on the patency of the anastomoses. Hepatobiliary
      scintiscanning using 99mTc-HIDA and BIDA (iminodiacetic acid derivatives) was
      performed on 12 patients. The patients were from 11 to 72 years of age and
      included ten men and two women. The scan results were correlated with US, CT
      scan, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), operative findings, and
      final diagnosis. Scanning was highly accurate in this group and could be
      performed successfully even in jaundiced patients (total serum bilirubin level up
      to 20.0 mg/dl). In patients in whom dilated bile ducts were demonstrated (by US,
      CT scan, or scintiscan), only the scintiscan revealed the true patency of the
      anastomoses. The advantages of the technique are that it is simple and
      noninvasive. Delayed transit of bile (scanning agent) to bowel is a very reliable
      indication of partial or complete obstruction. Scintiscanning is the only
      technique that demonstrated the functional state of biliary secretion and
      excretion into bowel in patients with previous biliary enteric anastomoses.

PMID- 3883867
TI  - Detection of occult gallbladder disease by duodenal drainage collected
      endoscopically. A clinical and pathologic correlation.
AB  - The bile of 100 patients with abdominal pain (suspected of having gallbladder
      disease) was collected from the duodenum at the time of
      esophagogastroduodenoscopy and examined for cholesterol and calcium bilirubinate
      crystals. Sixty of these patients had both negative oral cholecystograms and
      negative gallbladder sonograms, as well as no other objective evidence of
      gallbladder pathology. These patients are the subject of this report. Thirty
      eight per cent of the 60 patients demonstrated crystals in bile collected at the
      time of endoscopy. None of the patients treated medically showed any improvement.
      Eight of the patients (35%) underwent cholecystectomy with 75 per cent of the
      gallbladders showing histologic pathology, and the remainder showing no
      pathology. However, all patients undergoing surgery who responded to a
      questionnaire improved whether or not pathology was found in the gallbladder. In
      contradistinction, of the patients undergoing surgery in whom no crystals were
      seen in the bile collected from the duodenum, pathology was found in only one
      third of the gallbladders and these patients' symptoms improved with surgery. Two
      thirds of the remaining patients had no pathologic changes in their gallbladder
      and only 50 per cent of these patients showed any improvement following surgery.
      However, patients who did not have crystals in their bile and were treated
      without surgery had a 58 per cent improvement rate with medical treatment alone.
      Duodenal drainage collected at the time of endoscopy and examination of the bile
      for cholesterol and bilirubinate crystals is a valuable adjunct in predicting
      which patients will respond favorably to cholecystectomy when there is no
      radiographic evidence of gallbladder disease.

PMID- 3883868
TI  - Efficacy of total lymphoid irradiation in intractable rheumatoid arthritis. A
      double-blind, randomized trial.
AB  - Twenty-six patients participated in a randomized, double-blind study of the
      efficacy of total lymphoid irradiation in the treatment of intractable rheumatoid
      arthritis. All 26 patients, for whom therapy with gold compounds and
      penicillamine had failed, would ordinarily have been considered candidates for
      cytotoxic or antimetabolite drug therapy. Thirteen patients randomly assigned to
      receive full-dose total lymphoid irradiation (2000 rad) and 11 patients assigned
      to receive control low-dose total lymphoid irradiation (200 rad) completed
      radiotherapy. Alleviation of joint disease activity was significantly greater in
      the high-dose group as judged by morning stiffness, joint tenderness, and
      functional assessment (global composite score) at 3 and 6 months after
      radiotherapy. The high-dose group had a marked reduction in both T-lymphocyte
      function and numbers, but this finding was not observed in the low-dose group.
      Complications seen in the high-dose but not low-dose group included transient
      neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, pericarditis, and pleurisy.

PMID- 3883869
TI  - Ethical and legal issues related to the use of computer programs in clinical
      medicine.
AB  - As computer programs are used with increasing frequency in the clinical setting,
      ethicists, lawyers, computer scientists, clinicians, and patients must confront a
      group of problems: In what situations is it appropriate to use a medical computer
      program? Who should use these programs and how should they be used? What is the
      legal status of a computer program that provides medical advice? Can a proper
      balance be achieved between confidentiality of patient information and shared
      access to records by health care personnel? How can regulatory agencies,
      physicians, and patients determine if a program is safe for human use? Will
      programs be able to communicate with users well enough to prevent clinically
      harmful misunderstandings? Because few if any definitive answers are yet
      available, these questions remain the subject of much discussion.

PMID- 3883870
TI  - The internist as gatekeeper. Preparing the general internist for a new role.
AB  - To reduce health care costs, some third-party payers have enlisted primary care
      physicians as gatekeepers to medical care. In gatekeeper systems, primary care
      physicians must approve all care provided to their patients. This approval is a
      condition of payment for the service, with the usual exception of true
      emergencies. The gatekeeper approach, sometimes called the case-manager plan,
      extends the responsibility of primary care physicians from coordination to
      control of medical care. However, for the plan to stimulate cost-effective
      medical care, it must overcome obstacles that threaten its ability to save money
      and provide high-quality medical care. If internists are to serve as gatekeepers,
      then medical educators must ensure that the necessary attitudes, skills, and
      knowledge are taught to students of internal medicine.

PMID- 3883871
TI  - Total lymphoid irradiation in tertiary care for rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3883872
TI  - Criteria for classification of rheumatic diseases: a note to authors.

PMID- 3883873
TI  - [Control of the bacteriologic quality of maternal milk].

PMID- 3883874
TI  - [Caffey disease (infantile cortical hyperostosis). Apropos of a familial form].

PMID- 3883875
TI  - The salutary effects of the bed on the survival of experimental flaps.
AB  - The present study indicates that the distal, random segment of an axial pattern
      experimental flap can be partially salvaged by employing local pressure, which
      provides favorable contact with the bed. This portion of the flap could be
      considered as a composite skin graft. Serial India ink injections demonstrated
      that its physiological take resembles that of a split-thickness graft, dominantly
      depending on the blood vessels emerging from its bed, and to a lesser extent on
      those provided by its proximal segment and adjacent skin edges. Increasing the
      topical flap humidity hindered, rather than improved, its survival.

PMID- 3883876
TI  - Varicose veins: optimum compression following sclerotherapy.
AB  - There is uncertainty regarding the most satisfactory technique of lower limb
      compression following sclerotherapy for varicose veins. We have compared a
      standard bandaging technique with a high pressure compression stocking in a
      randomised trial. Efficacy was judged on the success of injections, complications
      of the treatment and patient satisfaction. In the stockinged legs 144 of 156
      injections were successful, compared with 117 of 147 in the bandaged group (P
      less than 0.001) (Chi squared). The incidence of superficial thrombophlebitis was
      also reduced in the stocking group. In addition, the stocking technique costs
      less in materials than conventional bandaging. We would recommend compression
      stockings for evaluation in sclerotherapy of varicose veins.

PMID- 3883877
TI  - Silastic foam dressing: an appraisal.
AB  - Silastic foam polymerised in situ has been investigated as an alternative to
      other means of securely dressing split thickness skin grafts on involuted sites.
      The bacteriological risks and physical hazards have been explored. From a series
      of 25 patients silastic foam appeared to offer an easier safer and more effective
      means of graft fixation in difficult areas.

PMID- 3883879
TI  - Transcutaneous electrical stimulation for postoperative pain.
AB  - A prospective randomised trial was conducted to assess transcutaneous electrical
      stimulation in the management of postoperative pain and its effect on
      postoperative pulmonary function and respiratory complications. Consecutive
      patients undergoing abdominal surgery were allocated to receive transcutaneous
      electrical stimulation or 'sham' therapy. There was no significant difference in
      the amount of postoperative pain as measured by linear analogue pain scales or
      morphine requirements. Arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions were similar
      in both groups. There was no difference in the incidence of postoperative chest
      infection. These results do not support the use of transcutaneous electrical
      stimulation following abdominal surgery.

PMID- 3883878
TI  - Acebutolol and oral surgery: plasma levels following a single oral dose.
AB  - Twenty eight patients were randomly allocated into treatment or placebo groups.
      The treatment group received a single 400 mg oral dose of acebutolol, the placebo
      group an identical inert prepation. A blood sample from each patient was
      subsequently analysed for plasma concentrations of acebutolol and diacetolol, and
      the electrocardiogram was continuously monitored for changes of rate and rhythm.
      The plasma concentrations of acebutolol and diacetolol were all above the
      previously reported minimum levels for effective dysrhythmia control and the nine
      patients in whom irregularities of rhythm occurred were all in the placebo group.
      One patient in the treatment group, who was 58 years old, required intravenous
      injection of atropine for bradycardia and hypotension after induction of
      anaesthesia. It is suggested that in patients with small body weights and in
      those patients over 50 years of age the predmedication dose of acebutolol should
      be reduced to 200 mg.

PMID- 3883880
TI  - [Coronary disease. Medical or surgical treatment?].
AB  - Aortocoronary bypass procedures have been proven to be effective in relieving
      angina pectoris. Whether the procedure actually prolongs life, on the other hand,
      still remains a matter of controversy. Many prospective and randomized studies
      have been undertaken in Europe and in the United States on this subject. The
      results of 6 of these studies are reported and discussed: the Seattle Heart
      Watch, the Veterans Administration Study, the Cooperative American Study on
      Unstable Angina, the Cooperative European Study on Coronary Artery Surgery,
      results of findings from Duke University, and the randomized Coronary Artery
      Surgery Study. Analysis of results of these prospective studies is of value in
      establishing a therapeutic approach to coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3883881
TI  - [Thyroid function and amiodarone. Consequences on dysthyroidism testing].
AB  - Amiodarone induces a decrease in serum T3 whereas T4 and rT3 increase. An
      increase of the thyroid iodine content (TIC) is observed in all patients at the
      exception of those who develop hypothyroidism under treatment. Actually, no
      method are available to predict an induced thyroid toxicosis (ITT) and there is
      no reason to perform systematically thyroid function tests except if past of the
      patient or clinical or morphological thyroid examinations suggest thyroid
      abnormality. In case of suspicion of ITT it is necessary to perform T4, T3
      determinations and a TRH test. TIC measurement can be useful in order to
      eliminate a subacute or silent thyroiditis. Hypothyroidism is generally observed
      in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. Antithyroid antibodies and TSH
      determinations after some months of treatment can detect subclinical
      hypothyroidism which is due to a high susceptibility to iodide.

PMID- 3883882
TI  - [Can histological diagnosis of hepatic metastases be made by fine needle? Apropos
      of 70 hepatic punctures guided by echography].
AB  - The fine needle diagnosis of a malignant hepatic tumour is usually based on the
      cytology of the specimen. There have been very few reports concerning the
      possibilities of histological examination using the same needle. The authors
      report the histological results of 70 cases of aspiration biopsy of malignant
      hepatic tumours. They stress the importance of ultrasound guidance. The
      aspiration biopsy diagnosed the malignancy in 86 p. cent of cases. The difference
      between a primary tumour and a secondary tumour was established in 85 p. cent of
      cases and, in the group of 34 cases of hepatic metastases, the primary tumour was
      identified in 75 p. cent of cases. No complications were observed. The use of
      real time ultrasonography allows the visualisation of the needle throughout its
      course, so that large intra-hepatic vessels can be avoided and enabling the
      aspiration of deep intra-hepatic metastases and the aspiration of the periphery
      of necrotic tumours.

PMID- 3883883
TI  - [Contribution of intraoperative echography in hepatic metastases].
AB  - Current research is devoted to the most appropriate treatment for hepatic
      metastases. Intra-operative ultrasonography is very valuable for assessing
      metastatic lesions, their exact number and their topography in relation to
      surgical landmarks such as the fissures and the hepatic pedicles. Surgery can
      then be adapted (metastasectomy, segmentectomy, hepatectomy) in relation to the
      peripheral parenchyma and the remaining parenchyma. The authors present the
      results of intra-operative ultrasonography performed at the hopital Broussais in
      the diagnosis and treatment of 41 hepatic masses. In every case, the treatment of
      choice was surgical resection and chemotherapy was only administered as second
      line therapy in cases of failure.

PMID- 3883884
TI  - [The liver. Anatomo-radiologic review].
AB  - A precise knowledge of the sectorial anatomy of the liver and its variations is
      essential in order to be able to localize lesions in the parenchyma and to guide
      segmental resection of the liver. The hepatic systematization proposed by
      Couinaud and the nomenclature of the segments, which are numbered from I to VIII,
      are of obvious practical value and are used routinely by surgeons and
      radiologists. However, they do not take into account the exact position of the
      liver in the abdominal cavity. For this reason, we prefer to use a topographical
      nomenclature, based on J. Hureau's classification, consisting of a right
      posterior column, corresponding to Couinaud's right lateral sector (segments VI
      and VII), a right lateral column, corresponding to the right paramedian sector
      (segments V and VIII), a right paramedian column, corresponding to segment IV, a
      left lobe column, corresponding to segments III and II, and a dorsal sector
      corresponding to the caudate lobe or segment I. This nomenclature, which takes
      into account the position of the liver in the abdominal cavity, constitutes a
      compromise between the Anglo-Saxon nomenclature and Couinaud's segmental
      classification. It clearly emphasizes the posterior nature of the right lateral
      sector, the lateral position of the right para-median sector and the anterior
      position of the two sectors of the left lobe.

PMID- 3883885
TI  - [Prospective critical study of different methods of detecting hepatic
      metastases].

PMID- 3883886
TI  - The nucleus basalis of Meynert in neurological disease: a quantitative
      morphological study.
AB  - The recent finding of neuronal degeneration in the nucleus basalis of Meynert
      (nbM) in Alzheimer's disease suggests a possible role of this nucleus and the
      cholinergic system in dementing illness. We assessed neuronal population and
      density in two anatomical levels of the nbM in 38 coded brains from patients with
      a broad variety of neurological disorders. We found the most striking nbM
      degeneration in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. An intermediate loss of
      neurons was noted in the transmissible dementia Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and in
      progressive supranuclear palsy. The usually nondementing diseases amyotrophic
      lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis showed cell counts comparable to those
      in a control group of nondemented patients with cerebrovascular disease.
      Characteristic neuropathological changes of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and
      Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseases, progressive supranuclear palsy, and subacute
      sclerosing panencephalitis were also found in the nbM. Most previous studies of
      the nbM have been based on small numbers of cases compared with controls. In our
      large series we used consistent methodology and a multiple-comparison statistical
      procedure to avoid overreporting of statistical significance. Our comparison of
      the nbM not only confirms the marked degeneration of the nbM in Alzheimer's
      disease, but also places such degeneration into perspective in a spectrum of
      dementing and nondementing neurological diseases. Larger case studies, using
      appropriate statistical techniques for multiple group comparisons, are needed to
      establish the significance of nbM degeneration in neurological disease.

PMID- 3883887
TI  - Comparison of survival times of mice inoculated with brain tissue from various
      neurological diseases.
AB  - Mice inoculated intracerebrally before the age of 5 days with homogenates of
      autopsied brain tissue from patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob (C-J), Alzheimer's,
      or Pick's diseases showed highly significant decreases in life span when compared
      with sham-inoculated control mice. With C-J disease there was strong indication
      of horizontal transmission of the agent to uninoculated mice caged with the
      inoculated mice. While the results with C-J disease were not unexpected in view
      of the known infectious etiology of the disease, the results obtained with
      Alzheimer's and Pick's diseases suggest that previously undetermined infectious
      or toxic agents may be associated with these two diseases, which currently have
      unresolved etiologies. Mice inoculated with autopsied brain tissue from patients
      with multiple sclerosis or subacute sclerosing panencephalitis had life spans
      similar to those of the control mice.

PMID- 3883888
TI  - The ecology of foraging behavior: implications for animal learning and memory.

PMID- 3883889
TI  - Animal behavior genetics: a search for the biological foundations of behavior.

PMID- 3883890
TI  - Progress in neurophysiology of sound localization.

PMID- 3883891
TI  - Health psychology.

PMID- 3883892
TI  - Hypnosis.

PMID- 3883893
TI  - Social factors in psychopathology: stress, social support, and coping processes.
AB  - Our review has focused centrally on the etiologic significance of social factors
      in the development of psychopathology. Our implicit assumption has been that
      social factors in general, and stressors in particular, may play a causal role in
      the development of psychopathology. Yet the evidence is clear that the vast
      majority of people who are exposed to stressful life events or to chronic stress
      situations do not develop significant psychiatric impairments. For this reason,
      research interest over the past decade has shifted to factors like social support
      and coping strategies that may ameliorate the impact of stress. We have examined
      some of the important empirical results from recent studies of stress, support,
      and coping, and we have discussed ways in which these new understandings have
      informed long-standing attempts to explain group differences in emotional
      functioning. In each section of the review we have attempted not only to
      summarize existing results but also to provide some evaluation of the literature
      and suggestions for future research. It is important to recognize that the
      contributors to the work reviewed here do not all share a common research agenda.
      Some of them are primarily committed to unraveling the psychosocial determinants
      of a particular clinical disorder. Others are mainly concerned with the effects
      of a particular stressor. Still others are interested in the processes that link
      stress to health across a broad array of stress situations and health outcomes.
      In the face of these diverse interests, it is little wonder that our
      understanding of social factors in psychopathology is uneven. There is good
      reason to believe, however that these diverse strands of research are beginning
      to converge on a common conception of the stress process and on a common research
      design. The conception at present is only in rough form, but its outlines are
      nonetheless capable of description. At its center is the notion that stress
      exposure sets off a process of adaptation. It recognizes that this process
      unfolds over time, and it acknowledges that this process is modified by
      structural factors as well as by personal dispositions and vulnerabilities. There
      is growing recognition that the analysis of this process requires longitudinal
      methods. Also, it is becoming increasingly clear that experimental interventions
      are required to unravel the parts of this process that link stress and health. It
      is too early to know if this nascent convergence will lead to an integrative
      theory of adaptation, yet it is almost certain to promote methodological and
      conceptual rigor and facilitate replication and cumulation of findings.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3883894
TI  - A new medium for the enumeration and subculture of bacteria from potable water.
AB  - Plate count agar is presently the recommended medium for the standard bacterial
      plate count (35 degrees C, 48-h incubation) of water and wastewater. However,
      plate count agar does not permit the growth of many bacteria that may be present
      in treated potable water supplies. A new medium was developed for use in
      heterotrophic plate count analyses and for subculture of bacteria isolated from
      potable water samples. The new medium, designated R2A, contains 0.5 g of yeast
      extract, 0.5 g of Difco Proteose Peptone no. 3 (Difco Laboratories), 0.5 g of
      Casamino Acids (Difco), 0.5 g of glucose, 0.5 g of soluble starch, 0.3 g of
      K2HPO4, 0.05 g of MgSO4 X 7H2O, 0.3 g of sodium pyruvate, and 15 g of agar per
      liter of laboratory quality water. Adjust the pH to 7.2 with crystalline K2HPO4
      or KH2PO4 and sterilize at 121 degrees C for 15 min. Results from parallel
      studies with spread, membrane filter, and pour plate procedures showed that R2A
      medium yielded significantly higher bacterial counts than did plate count agar.
      Studies of the effect of incubation temperature showed that the magnitude of the
      count was inversely proportional to the incubation temperature. Longer incubation
      time, up to 14 days, yielded higher counts and increased detection of pigmented
      bacteria. Maximal bacterial counts were obtained after incubation at 20 degrees C
      for 14 days. As a tool to monitor heterotrophic bacterial populations in water
      treatment processes and in treated distribution water, R2A spread or membrane
      filter plates incubated at 28 degrees C for 5 to 7 days is recommended.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3883895
TI  - Monitoring of filamentous fungal growth by in situ microspectrophotometry,
      fragmented mycelium absorbance density, and 14C incorporation: alternatives to
      mycelial dry weight.
AB  - Monitoring of filamentous fungal growth by spectrophotometry is generally
      considered not feasible. This report describes the monitoring of growth of the
      filamentous fungi Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Rhizopus oryzae, and Sporothrix
      schenckii in broth by two new spectrophotometric methods and by 14C incorporation
      from [U-14C]glucose. Microcultures (200 microliter) were prepared in 96-well,
      flat-bottom microtiter trays, and macrocultures (4 ml) were prepared in glass
      vials proportionally scaled up from microcultures. Mycelium accumulation in
      microcultures was measured without terminating the cultures by in situ
      microspectrophotometry. Accumulation in macrocultures was monitored by uniformly
      fragmenting the mycelium with a Broeck tissue grinder and by measuring absorbance
      density in plastic cuvettes with a dual-beam spectrophotometer. Absorbance
      measurements were found to increase linearly with mycelial weight. In situ
      absorbance correlated with absorbance density of fragmented mycelium, indicating
      that both methods monitored growth equivalently. Both defined lag-, exponential-,
      and stationary-growth phases. Increases in 14C incorporation, absorbance, and
      mycelial dry weight were kinetically identical for macrocultures and
      microcultures of T. mentagrophytes. For R. oryzae and S. schenckii, with the
      exception of R. oryzae growing in microcultures, incorporation of 14C also
      defined lag, exponential, and stationary growth after selection of the
      appropriate isotope-specific activity. This incorporation correlated directly
      with absorbance. We conclude that in situ microspectrophotometry, fragmented
      mycelium absorbance density, and, to a lesser extent, 14C incorporation can be
      used to effectively monitor filamentous fungal growth.

PMID- 3883896
TI  - Streptococcus-Escherichia coli shuttle vector pSA3 and its use in the cloning of
      streptococcal genes.
AB  - A shuttle vector that can replicate in both Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia
      coli has been constructed by joining the E. coli plasmid pACYC184
      (chloramphenicol and tetracycline resistance) to the streptococcal plasmid pGB305
      (erythromycin resistance). The resulting chimeric plasmid is designated pSA3
      (chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and tetracycline resistance) and has seven unique
      restriction sites: EcoRI, EcoRV, BamHI, SalI, XbaI, NruI, and SphI. Molecular
      cloning into the EcoRI or EcoRV site results in inactivation of chloramphenicol
      resistance, and cloning into the BamHI, SalI, or SphI site results in
      inactivation of tetracycline resistance in E. coli. pSA3 was transformed and was
      stable in Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mutans in the presence of
      erythromycin. We have used pSA3 to construct a library of the S. mutans GS5
      genome in E. coli, and expression of surface antigens in this heterologous host
      has been confirmed with S. mutans antiserum. A previously cloned determinant that
      specifies streptokinase was subcloned into pSA3, and this recombinant plasmid was
      stable in the presence of a selective pressure and expressed streptokinase
      activity in E. coli, S. sanguis (Challis), and S. mutans.

PMID- 3883897
TI  - Autoradiographic method to screen for soil microorganisms which accumulate zinc.
AB  - An autoradiographic method was developed to screen for and isolate soil
      microorganisms which accumulate zinc (Zn). Diluted soil samples (Rubicon fine
      sand, Entic Haplorthods [pH 5.9]) were plated on soil extract-glucose agar
      containing radioactive 65Zn. After 7 days of incubation, individual colonies
      which accumulated sufficient 65Zn could be detected by autoradiography. These
      colonies were isolated and confirmed as Zn accumulators in pure culture by using
      the autoradiographic plate technique. Most Zn accumulators were filamentous
      fungi, identified as Penicillium janthinellum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and
      Paecilomyces sp. Isolates of Penicillium janthinellum were the most common Zn
      accumulators. The most abundant Zn-accumulating bacteria were Bacillus spp. The
      validity of the autoradiographic plate technique to differentiate soil microbes
      which accumulate Zn was examined independently by energy dispersive X-ray
      analysis in a scanning electron microscope. This method confirmed that fungal
      isolates which gave positive autoradiographic responses in the plate assay
      bioaccumulated more Zn in their biomass than fungal isolates from the same soil
      sample which gave negative autoradiographic responses. Thus, this technique can
      be applied to specifically screen for and isolate microbes from the environment
      which bioaccumulate Zn.

PMID- 3883898
TI  - Comparison of selective media for assay of coliphages in sewage effluent and lake
      water.
AB  - Selective media, including EC medium, gram-negative broth, nutrient broth (with
      0.05% sodium deoxycholate), and lactose broth (with 0.05% sodium deoxycholate),
      as well as nonselective nutrient and lactose broths, were compared for the
      enumeration of coliphages by the agar layer method from activated-sludge effluent
      and eutrophic-lake water from a lake receiving treated sewage effluent. Samples
      were plated directly or after chloroform treatment with Escherichia coli B, E.
      coli C, or a mixed host of both E. coli B and C. With the exception of gram
      negative broth, direct assays of all samples with the selective media generally
      resulted in significantly higher (P less than 0.05) recoveries of coliphages than
      did assays of chloroform-treated samples with nutrient broth medium regardless of
      the host used. In addition, chloroform pretreatment resulted in decreased
      recovery of coliphages with each selective medium in most analyses. The highest
      recoveries of coliphages from all samples with each host, except lake water with
      E. coli C, were obtained by direct assay on EC medium. The selectivity of the EC
      and gram-negative media resulted in suppression of bacterial interference on
      direct assay plates comparable to that observed in nutrient agar medium with
      chloroform-treated samples. The use of certain selective media for the direct
      assay of environmental materials for coliphage may enhance the recovery of
      coliphages and obviate bacterial decontamination procedures.

PMID- 3883899
TI  - Susceptibility of chemostat-grown Yersinia enterocolitica and Klebsiella
      pneumoniae to chlorine dioxide.
AB  - The resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial agents could be influenced by growth
      environment. The susceptibility of two enteric bacteria, Yersinia enterocolitica
      and Klebsiella pneumoniae, to chlorine dioxide was investigated. These organisms
      were grown in a defined medium in a chemostat and the influence of growth rate,
      temperature, and cell density on the susceptibility was studied. All inactivation
      experiments were conducted with a dose of 0.25 mg of chlorine dioxide per liter
      in phosphate-buffered saline at pH 7.0 and 23 degrees C. The results indicated
      that populations grown under conditions that more closely approximate natural
      aquatic environments, e.g., low temperatures and growth at submaximal rates
      caused by nutrient limitation, were most resistant. The conclusion from this
      study is that antecedent growth conditions have a profound effect on the
      susceptibility of bacteria to disinfectants, and it is more appropriate to use
      the chemostat-grown bacteria as test organisms to evaluate the efficacy of a
      certain disinfectant.

PMID- 3883900
TI  - Biotransformation of dehydroabietic acid with resting cell suspensions and
      calcium alginate-immobilized cells of Mortierella isabellina.
AB  - Mortierella isabellina ATCC 38063 is a zygomycete capable of hydroxylating fish
      toxic resin acids which occur in certain pulp mill effluents to nontoxic
      metabolites. Addition of dehydroabietic acid (1) (80 mg/liter) to a freshly
      inoculated culture of M. isabellina in dextrose-yeast extract broth resulted in
      precursor disappearance in 28 to 30 h. During growth phase, hydroxylation
      occurred at C-2, whereas hydroxylation at C-15 and C-16 commenced with onset of
      stationary phase. Alternatively, 1 added to stationary-phase culture (40
      mg/liter) disappeared within 2 h and hydroxylation occurred concurrently at C-2,
      C-15, and C-16. Enzymatic activity of stationary-phase culture was totally cell
      associated and was present despite the absence of 1 during the preparatory growth
      phase. Resuspension of mature fungi as free mycelia or immobilized in calcium
      alginate beads did not diminish the effectiveness of the biotransformation,
      although two new metabolites, 15-hydroxy-8,9,11,12-tetradehydro-7,8
      dihydroabietic acid (5) and 16-hydroxy-8,9,11,12-tetradehydro-7,8-dihydroabietic
      acid (7) were formed. Immobilized mycelia retained hydroxylase activity for
      greater than 110 days whether or not they were challenged with fresh 1 on a
      regular basis. In this respect they are more long-lived than resuspended free
      mycelia are.

PMID- 3883901
TI  - Extraction of proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomes under
      nondenaturing conditions.
AB  - The differential sensitivity of ribosomal proteins to removal by salts has been
      studied. Proteins were extracted from the large and small subunits of cytoplasmic
      ribosomes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by washing the individual subunits with a
      series of solutions containing increasing concentrations of NH4Cl (0.74-3.56 M)
      for a defined time (20 min) at 0 degrees C. The molar ratio of magnesium to
      ammonium ions of 1:40 was maintained to protect the ribosomal subparticles from
      complete disassembly. Proteins extracted under each salt condition were analyzed
      for composition by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      relative quantity of each protein was determined. Most proteins were not removed
      from the ribosomal particle completely by any one condition, but were
      preferentially enriched in a single fraction. Whereas most proteins could be
      solubilized, several proteins remained predominantly or exclusively with the
      final core particle. The kinetics of protein release from both subunits at a
      single NH4Cl concentration (0.74 M) were also studied. Release of protein was
      time dependent, i.e., longer extraction generally removed more of the same
      proteins. However, prolonged treatment (240 min) of subunits, even at the same
      salt concentration, resulted in removal of additional species of proteins in
      varying amounts. Among the ribosomal RNA species, only the 5 S RNA species was
      released from the ribosomal particles upon treatment.

PMID- 3883902
TI  - Topical minoxidil therapy in hereditary androgenetic alopecia.
AB  - A randomized double-blind trial of topical minoxidil therapy was carried out on
      56 patients with hereditary male pattern baldness. The subjects selected were
      required to have a discernible balding patch, a minimum of 2.5 cm in diameter on
      the vertex of the head where the hairs could be counted and photographed.
      Minoxidil, 1.0 mL, was applied twice a day to the scalp beginning at the balding
      vertex and spreading centrifugally around the scalp. Cosmetically acceptable hair
      growth was achieved in 18 patients (32%). The most notable indicators for
      regrowth of hair were the number of indeterminate hairs initially present, the
      duration of baldness, and the size of the balding area. No serious systemic or
      cutaneous side effects were noted.

PMID- 3883904
TI  - High titers of antibodies to single-stranded DNA in linear scleroderma.
AB  - Seven patients with severe linear scleroderma were initially found to have
      antibodies to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in higher titers, using the Farr
      technique. These patients, however, lacked the systemic involvement normally
      accompanying such antibodies. A detailed investigation of their sera using
      Crithidia luciliae assay and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) labeled with iodine 131
      disclosed high titers of antibodies to ssDNA and absent dsDNA antibodies. The
      ssDNA antibody titer was considerably higher than the mean for unselected
      patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. It is possible that these antibodies
      define a subgroup of patients with linear scleroderma who have more severe and
      extensive involvement of skin and underlying tissues.

PMID- 3883903
TI  - Anticentromere antibody and immunoglobulin allotypes in scleroderma.
AB  - Fifty-five unrelated whites with disorders in the scleroderma spectrum who had
      both antinuclear antibodies and Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) were studied. Of the 22
      patients with anticentromere antibody (ACA), three had diffuse scleroderma; 16
      had the complete or incomplete syndrome of calcinosis, RP, esophageal
      dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia (CREST syndrome); and three had RP
      only. Thirty-three patients with other nuclear patterns all had systemic
      scleroderma (28 diffuse scleroderma, five CREST syndrome). Patients with ACA had
      less organ system involvement, and lower frequencies of anemia and elevation of
      sedimentation rate than ACA-negative patients, but these differences were not
      statistically significant. They also had fewer manifestations of CREST syndrome.
      All 55 patients were studied for the Gm and Km allotypic markers. No association
      was found between Gm or Km allotypic markers and scleroderma or between the
      allotypic markers and the presence of ACA.

PMID- 3883905
TI  - The mutagenicity of dinitrochlorobenzene.
AB  - A sample of dinitrochlorobenzene, determined by gas-liquid chromatography and
      mass spectrometry to be greater than 98% pure, was tested in the Salmonella
      typhimurium plate assay. The chemical evoked a marked mutagenic response at all
      concentrations tested (3 to 150 micrograms per plate). These results confute the
      suitability of this agent for the treatment of benign skin disorders.

PMID- 3883906
TI  - Congenital erosive and vesicular dermatosis healing with reticulated supple
      scarring.
AB  - Three children had an extensive erosive and vesicular dermatosis at birth that
      healed with supple reticulated scarring. This article discusses the differential
      diagnosis and pathogenesis of the disorder in these patients, and makes
      recommendations for medical evaluation and parent counseling.

PMID- 3883907
TI  - The cutaneous amyloidoses. Pathogenesis and therapy.

PMID- 3883908
TI  - Ibuprofen in the treatment of UV-B-induced inflammation.
AB  - Ibuprofen and placebo were compared in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over
      study of 19 psoriatic patients receiving UV-B phototherapy to evaluate the
      symptomatic relief of UV-B-induced inflammation. Signs and symptoms of UV-B
      induced inflammation (erythema, pruritus, skin pain, general discomfort, and
      nocturnal restlessness) were assessed for each treatment. An evaluation of 104
      treatments disclosed that, although ibuprofen significantly reduced technician
      observed erythema, it was not significantly different from placebo for the five
      other end points studied. Separate evaluations of higher dose UV-B treatments
      showed a small, but statistically significant, reduction with ibuprofen for four
      of the six end points evaluated. The data suggest that ibuprofen is more
      effective than placebo for the relief of symptoms associated with UV-B-induced
      inflammation after high dose UV-B phototherapy for psoriasis, but the drug has
      limited usefulness in the treatment of sunburn reaction from these same doses.

PMID- 3883909
TI  - Ovarian ultrasound assessment in normal children, idiopathic precocious puberty,
      and during low dose pulsatile gonadotrophin releasing hormone treatment of
      hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.
AB  - Ultrasound assessment of ovarian volume, follicular size, and uterine growth was
      undertaken in 40 normal premenarcheal girls aged 6 months to 14 years. Ovarian
      follicles were detected from 6 months of age and increased in size and number, so
      that after the age of 8.5 years there was a progressive increase in the incidence
      of 'megalocystic' appearance. Eight girls with idiopathic precocious puberty had
      large megalocystic ovaries which regressed on treatment with gonadotrophin
      releasing hormone analogue. These findings contrasted with those seen in two
      prepubertal patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in whom the natural
      sequence of ovarian development was greatly accelerated by pulsatile
      administration of native gonadotrophin releasing hormone.

PMID- 3883910
TI  - Pelvic ultrasonography in premenarcheal girls: relation to puberty and sex
      hormone concentrations.
AB  - Real time ultrasonography of the pelvic organs was performed on 114 normal
      premenarcheal girls aged between 2 years and 13 years 11 months. Values were
      obtained for total uterine length, anteroposterior diameters of the corpus and
      cervix, corpus/cervix ratio, and uterine and ovarian volumes and the resultant
      data were grouped according to age. It was concluded that there is no change in
      uterine size until approximately 7 years of age. Then the uterus begins to
      enlarge, both in prepubertal girls, in whom this is an age related function, and
      in pubertal girls, whose uterine growth is influenced not only by age but also by
      size and, independently of these two factors, by oestradiol concentrations. The
      onset of a modification in uterine morphology with a greater enlargement of the
      corpus than the cervix is also seen at age 7 years. Ovarian maturation begins in
      the very first years of life and, even in pubertal girls, seems to be influenced
      by age only and not by hormonal stimuli.

PMID- 3883911
TI  - Ultrasound monitoring of diaphragm activity in bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis.
AB  - Recovery of diaphragm activity after bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis was
      monitored in a term infant using a mechanical sector scanner fitted with a 5 MHz
      transducer. The ratio of diaphragmatic excursion during spontaneous breathing and
      ventilator assistance was used an objective measure for comparison of
      diaphragmatic activity during recovery. Ultrasound assessment of diaphragm
      contraction may be used to study progress in diaphragmatic paralysis.

PMID- 3883912
TI  - Non-organic failure to thrive: a reappraisal.
AB  - Non-organic failure to thrive has traditionally been regarded as due primarily to
      maternal rejection and neglect. A critical reappraisal of the evidence suggests a
      more balanced view of the mother-child relationship should be taken. A
      classification of the condition, founded on facts not concepts, is urgently
      required. Non-organic failure to thrive should be viewed in a multidimensional
      context, in which potential influences upon the symptomatic infant are
      considered. Inadequacy of nutrition is caused by both a failure of adequate
      provision of food and by inadequate intake. A vicious circle of maladaptive
      behavioural interaction between caregiver and infant is often present, sustained
      by high emotional tensions. Clinical intervention should aim to clarify the
      contributions made by both caregiver and infant to that interaction and thus
      break the cycle. The basis on which intervention is made should be direct
      observation of the parent and child relationship in as many different
      environmental contexts as feasible, especially during feeding. The
      multidisciplinary team has an important role to play in management. An emphasis
      on parental culpability in the aetiology of non-organic failure to thrive, in the
      absence of direct evidence of neglect, is wrong.

PMID- 3883913
TI  - Twenty years ago: a parent's voice.

PMID- 3883914
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies in diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 3883915
TI  - Palaeopathology of spinal osteophytosis, vertebral ankylosis, ankylosing
      spondylitis, and vertebral hyperostosis.
AB  - Five hundred and sixty intact skeletons and several thousand disarticulated
      vertebrae have been examined with special reference to spinal fusion. In period
      they ranged from a 21st dynasty Egyptian mummy to a mid-19th century skeleton.
      Osteophytes were found in about half of the specimens, as reported previously.
      Fifteen skeletons with extensive blocks of spinal fusion were also identified.
      Sacroiliitis was present in two, but the asymmetrical spinal disease and
      peripheral joint changes suggested Reiter's disease or psoriatic spondylitis
      rather than ankylosing spondylitis. The remaining 13 had typical features of
      Forrestier's disease, and extraspinal findings indicative of diffuse idiopathic
      skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) were also common. A review of the available
      literature suggests that many palaeopathological specimens previously reported as
      anklylosing spondylitis are examples of DISH or other seronegative
      spondylarthropathies. The antiquity and palaeopathology of AS needs reappraisal.

PMID- 3883916
TI  - Radiological progression of rheumatoid arthritis in renal transplant recipients.
AB  - Radiological progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was evaluated
      retrospectively in eight patients with amyloidosis secondary to classical or
      definite RA and successful renal transplantation. Wrist joints,
      metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and metatarsophalangeal joints
      were graded on a scale from 0 to 5. The annual progression rate was calculated
      separately for the time before and after transplantation. A slight acceleration
      of the progression was observed after transplantation and is assumed to be due to
      activation of the rheumatoid disease when the azotaemia was corrected.

PMID- 3883917
TI  - A double-blind controlled trial of etretinate (Tigason) and ibuprofen in
      psoriatic arthritis.
AB  - Etretinate (Tigason) and ibuprofen have been compared in a double-blind
      controlled trial in psoriatic arthritis to see if we could confirm a specific
      action for this vitamin A derivative suggested from earlier uncontrolled studies.
      Eleven out of 20 patients completed 24 weeks of therapy with etretinate (up to
      0.5 mg/kg/day) whereas only 1/20 patients completed 24 weeks of therapy with
      ibuprofen alone. Etretinate improved skin lesions, and this may have encouraged
      patients to persist with it. Improvement of statistical significance was seen for
      articular index in both groups. In addition significant improvement in ESR,
      haemoglobin, C-reactive protein, and histidine occurred in the etretinate group.
      The main side effects of etretinate (which may preclude its use at a higher dose
      in this condition) included cracked and dried lips and sore mouth.

PMID- 3883919
TI  - Advances in knowledge related to wounding, repair, and healing: 1885-1984.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to record objectively the contribution of Annals of
      Surgery to the development of the science of surgery and its application to
      patient care in commemoration of its Centennial. Though many other subjects could
      have been chosen, the literature relating to wounding, repair, and healing is
      pertinent to all of surgery and uniquely comprises a significant portion of its
      history and science. By reviewing the articles and content of the 200 volumes, a
      personal perspective was gained and hopefully captured in the body of the
      manuscript. By departing from the usual format of a bibliography, names of
      authors appear rather than impersonal numbers. The editorial eras are apparent,
      punctuated by the beginnings, the World Wars, the Wars of Korea, Vietnam, and
      North Africa, the development of biomedical research, and the technologies in
      other fields. Annals also reflects the logarithmic increase in higly competent
      surgeons through the burgeoning educational programs of university health
      centers, major hospitals, and clinics in the United States and in other parts of
      the world. Societal needs and problems are reflected by the scope and breadth of
      the surgical articles in response to the medical needs of its constituents during
      war and peace. The evolution of specialization is apparent from the beginning.
      Declining morbidity and mortality rates reflect the application of research,
      technology, and experience to the science of surgery and the biology of wounds
      through their dissemination.

PMID- 3883918
TI  - Seatone in rheumatoid arthritis: a six-month placebo-controlled study.
AB  - Thirty-five patients with rheumatoid arthritis were randomly allocated to either
      Seatone (green-lipped mussel extract) or placebo in order to assess the former's
      claimed effectiveness in rheumatoid disease. After six months there was no
      significant improvement in any laboratory or clinical measurement of disease
      activity in the Seatone group. The patients on active drug fared no better than
      those on placebo. These results suggest that Seatone is not effective in
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3883920
TI  - Accelerated wound healing with stapled enteric suture lines. An experimental
      study comparing traditional sewing techniques and a stapling device.
AB  - The healing of 3-cm longitudinal colotomies closed with either Czerny-Lembert
      suture lines (CLSL) or TA-30 staple lines (SSL) were studied in 28 mongrel dogs
      using bursting strength (BS) measurements. Dogs from each group were sacrificed
      on postoperative days (POD) 1 through 7. Mean BS for the SSL in all 14 dogs was
      165 mmHg +/- 64 and for CLSL 80 mmHg +/- 49 (DF = 13; t = 5.5672; p less than
      0.00005 for matched pairs). For POD 2 through 5, BS of the SSL was 154 mmHg +/-
      42, three times greater than the BS of the CSLS, which was 54 mmHg +/- 33 (DF =
      7; t = 5.6289; p less than 0.0004 for matched pairs). BS of the SSL increased
      linearly from the first day of surgery: BS (mmHg) = 26 (POD) + 61 (n = 14; r =
      0.838; p less than 0.01). BS of the CLSL followed the traditional pattern of
      wound healing dropping to a nadir after 3 days and then increasing linearly: BS
      (mmHg) = 32 (POD) - 72 (n = 10; r = 0.834; p less than 0.01). Microscopic
      examination revealed a greater inflammatory response to the CSLS than the SSL.
      Differences were most marked from 2 to 4 days following operation. Thus, the SSL
      healed more rapidly than the CLSL as measured by BS. The SSL healed with a
      negligible Lag Period of wound healing entering directly into the Period of
      Fibroplasia.

PMID- 3883921
TI  - Upper airway sequelae in burn patients requiring endotracheal intubation or
      tracheostomy.
AB  - During a period of 11 1/2 months, 41 of 217 adult burn patients admitted to the
      U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research Burn Center required endotracheal
      intubation or tracheostomy for management of the airway and/or ventilatory
      assistance. Permanent upper airway sequelae were recorded and related to presence
      of inhalation injury, duration of tube placement, cuff pressure, and pulmonary
      compliance. An "inhalation injury scoring system" based upon history, physical
      examination, bronchoscopic findings, and abnormalities at 133xenon lung scan
      correlated well with postinjury alteration in compliance and subsequent sequelae.
      Significant inhalation injury was found in 35 patients. Seventeen of the study
      patients survived (Group I) and 24 patients expired (Group II). Group I patients
      were screened for permanent airway sequelae by fiberoptic bronchoscopy,
      xeroradiograms, and spirometry undertaken an average of 11 weeks after extubation
      or decannulation. Four patients developed tracheal stenosis and five patients had
      significant tracheal scar granuloma formation. Sequelae were generally more
      frequent and more severe after tracheostomy than after translaryngeal intubation,
      and duration of tube placement and presence of a tracheal stoma were the most
      important etiological factors in permanent damage. For initial respiratory
      support, we favor the use of translaryngeal (nasotracheal) tubes for periods up
      to 3 weeks. Fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination is the most reliable follow-up
      method for detecting anatomic damage in such patients. Spirometry can be used as
      a noninvasive screening test and xeroradiograms are helpful in assessing the
      degree of tracheal stenosis.

PMID- 3883922
TI  - Immunodiagnosis of human malignancy.
AB  - Definition of normal cell membrane antigens using immunologic techniques has
      permitted investigators to distinguish normal cells from malignant cells.
      Malignant cells express fetal antigens in concentrations different from normal
      mature cells. Mutant cells express differentiation as well as those antigens
      reflecting the altered cell genome. Normal cells can be transformed into
      malignant cells using either chemical agents or viruses. As these agents are
      incorporated into the genome, surface antigens are expressed that differ from
      normal cell isoantigens. These antigenic determinants can serve as tumor
      associated or perhaps tumor-specific markers. Immunochemical methods now exist
      that permit isolation and purification of these antigens. Monoclonal antibodies
      have been generated that react with single epitopes associated with these
      antigens. Very sensitive and highly specific radioimmunoassays and enzyme
      immunosorbent assays can detect microgram quantities of these antigens in body
      fluids and as such permit serodiagnostic evaluation. Monoclonal antibodies can
      also be used for radioautography, immunofluorescent, and immunoperoxidase
      staining for diagnostic purposes of both cytologic and fixed tissue sections. The
      binding affinity and specificity of these monoclonal antibody reagents has
      successfully been used for in vivo tumor localization. Isotopically labeled
      monoclonal antibodies bind preferentially to tumor cells in the host and are
      useful for specific radionuclide scintigraphy. These recently developed
      immunodiagnostic techniques not only add specificity in terms of diagnostic
      accuracy but are useful for early detection of recurrent disease and in vivo
      localization of tumor deposits. Therapeutic implications are discussed.

PMID- 3883923
TI  - The contributions of infection control to a century of surgical progress.
AB  - Although many surgical procedures were well-developed in principle before 1867,
      their application for the treatment of human disease was limited because of a
      mortality rate from postoperative infection alone of about 50%. It was the
      eventual acceptance of Lister's work and the development of the aseptic
      antiseptic ritual that allowed operative therapy to be successful and made modern
      surgery possible. The background leading to the development of aseptic-antiseptic
      rituals is discussed.

PMID- 3883924
TI  - Modulation of hepatocyte protein synthesis by endotoxin-activated Kupffer cells.
      II. Mediation by soluble transferrable factors.
AB  - We have previously reported a diminution of protein synthesis by isolated Sprague
      Dawley rat hepatocytes following coculture with lipopolysaccharide-triggered
      nonparenchymal liver cells (NPC) containing 30-40% Kupffer cells. It is possible
      that this cell-mediated modulation of hepatocyte function represents an in vitro
      model for hepatic insufficiency occurring in patients with the multiple system
      organ failure syndrome. In the present report we have determined that supernatant
      from lipopolysaccharide-triggered NPC was itself capable of inhibiting hepatocyte
      protein synthesis in a similar fashion. This effect was directly related to the
      concentration of the supernatant and to the period of exposure to the
      supernatant. The ability to inhibit hepatocyte protein synthesis by a NPC
      supernatant suggests that this cell-mediated event is caused at least in part by
      a relatively stable soluble factor(s) secreted by LPS triggered NPC. Although
      reagent H2O2 will inhibit protein synthesis when added to hepatocyte culture, LPS
      stimulated NPC do not release H2O2 and do not show chemiluminescence--an in vitro
      correlate of the respiratory burst. Nonspecific protease inhibitors added to the
      coculture similarly do not influence the system. Combined with other evidence,
      the soluble mediators do not seem to be the result of oxidative or proteolytic
      secretions of the effector cells.

PMID- 3883926
TI  - Delayed acute rejection episodes in cyclosporine-treated renal transplant
      recipients.
AB  - Of 109 cyclosporine-treated cadaveric renal allograft recipients, 45 were free of
      acute rejection in the first 4 weeks after transplantation. Eleven of 45 (24%)
      subsequently had delayed, biopsy-proven first rejection episodes 34-61 days after
      grafting, often after discharge from the hospital. Delayed rejectors had
      significantly higher plasma creatinine levels at all times during the first
      posttransplant month than 34 nonrejectors. Trough serum cyclosporine levels were
      similar in the two groups, although by the 4th week oral cyclosporine dose was
      significantly lower in the delayed rejection group. Two-thirds of those patients
      who had serum creatinine levels greater than or equal to 260 mumol/l at 2 weeks
      and greater than or equal to 225 mumol/l at 3 weeks had a delayed acute rejection
      episode. Renal transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine who have serum
      creatinine levels at or above these levels should be aggressively worked up and
      closely followed for the development of delayed acute rejection.

PMID- 3883925
TI  - Modulation of hepatocyte protein synthesis by endotoxin-activated Kupffer cells.
      III. Evidence for the role of a monokine similar to but not identical with
      interleukin-1.
AB  - The authors previously reported that unstimulated peritoneal macrophages and LPS
      stimulated Kupffer cell-rich nonparenchymal liver cells (NPC) can inhibit protein
      synthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes. Hepatocyte function was similarly altered
      by supernatants from LPS-triggered NPC. Secretory products of macrophages and
      Kupffer cells (monokines) are possible mediators in this model of cell-mediated
      modulation of hepatocyte function. In this article, supernatants from NPC capable
      of altering hepatocyte protein synthesis were found to contain significant
      amounts of one monokine, interleukin-1 (IL-1). The kinetics of the generation of
      the ability to inhibit protein synthesis and the appearance of IL-1 activity were
      roughly parallel for the first 24 hours. Exposure of hepatocytes to NPC
      supernatant and commercially available highly purified IL-1 resulted in similar
      response patterns with regard to onset of inhibition and progression of
      suppression after removal. Certain discrepancies cast doubt, however, on the
      likelihood that IL-1 is the mediator in this model of cell-mediated inhibition of
      hepatocyte protein synthesis. Commercial human IL-1 preparations did not always
      suppress protein synthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes. Furthermore, IL-1
      activity was stable for several days but hepatocyte inhibition was lost.
      Unstimulated peritoneal macrophage supernatants containing IL-1 activity could
      not inhibit protein synthesis in hepatocytes. The evidence supports the idea that
      appropriately stimulated cells of monocyte-macrophage lineage (including Kupffer
      cells that lie in direct apposition to hepatocytes) could mediate hepatocyte
      malfunction by means of secreted monokines similar to, but not necessarily
      identical to, IL-1.

PMID- 3883927
TI  - Emergency ligation of the external iliac artery.
AB  - During a 19-year period, 35 of 1526 renal transplant operations were complicated
      by gross hemorrhage from infected arteriotomies. In 13 patients the common or
      external iliac artery was ligated and resected without immediate reconstruction
      for arterial continuity. There was no mortality from this procedure, and there
      was no limb loss. Early signs and symptoms of arterial insufficiency were rapidly
      reversed in most patients. Six patients, presently alive and 4-10 years after
      iliac artery ligation, were subjected to follow-up examinations of their distal
      circulation. One hemodialysis patient had slight symptoms of intermittent
      claudication, while the others were totally free of symptoms during daily
      activities. All patients had adequate distal arterial blood pressures.
      Postischemic maximal blood flows, obtained in three patients, were only slightly
      decreased. It is concluded that, for control of massive hemorrhage from infected
      arteriotomies in renal transplant patients, the iliac arteries can safely be
      ligated without immediate arterial reconstruction. The risk of limb loss is
      little but necessitates optimal postoperative support of the patient and close
      surveillance for early detection of irreversible arterial insufficiency.

PMID- 3883928
TI  - Complete endocardial cushion defect: the late result of repair using the single
      patch technique.
AB  - Twenty-two patients have been followed for between 1 and 105 months after repair
      of a complete endocardial cushion defect. The mean period of follow-up is 3.5
      years. The single-patch technique was used in every patient. The mitral valve was
      repaired with buttressed sutures in those seen more recently. The mean age at the
      time of operation was 15 months. Early in this experience, 4 patients had severe
      mitral valve incompetence after an initially satisfactory repair. In none of
      those patients had the mitral valve been repaired with pledgeted sutures. Two of
      those patients survived reoperation, and 2 died before a second operation could
      be performed. Every mitral valve is now repaired with pledgeted sutures, and
      there have been no failures of the mitral valve reconstruction. Each patient has
      been followed by the same pediatric cardiologist every 6 to 12 months after
      operation. The vast majority (17 of 20) are asymptomatic. Twelve have no mitral
      valve incompetence, and the remainder have only trivial or mild incompetence.
      Clinically, the pulmonary artery hypertension has resolved in 19 of 20 patients.
      Each patient remains in normal sinus rhythm. The long-term results following
      repair of complete endocardial cushion defect with the single-patch technique are
      excellent, but pledgeted sutures should be used in the mitral valve repair to
      insure its integrity.

PMID- 3883929
TI  - Ventricular exclusion during Fontan operation: an evolving technique.
AB  - The modified Fontan operation, which consists of ventricular exclusion by
      obliteration of the right atrioventricular ostium, requires a technique that
      provides firm and permanent occlusion while preserving the atrioventricular node
      and bundle. Ten patients underwent such an operation. In 5 of them, closure of
      the right atrioventricular ostium was achieved by suturing a patch into the valve
      leaflets; in the other 5, the ventricle was excluded by a patch sutured into the
      right atrial wall above the annulus fibrosus. None of the patients who underwent
      this procedure experienced heart block postoperatively. However, three instances
      of late patch dehiscence occurred, each in the group of patients in whom the
      patch had been attached to the valve leaflets. We conclude that both patching
      techniques are safe as far as the atrioventricular node and bundle are concerned
      but that permanent occlusion is better obtained by implanting the patch into the
      atrial wall. Therefore, we prefer to use this technique.

PMID- 3883930
TI  - "Annuloplasty" of the proximal coronary bypass anastomosis.
AB  - A technique is described to reduce the size of the aortotomy after constructing
      the proximal coronary bypass anastomosis. It is used to avoid suture line
      hemorrhage and distortion of the proximal vein graft.

PMID- 3883931
TI  - Origins of the American Board of Thoracic Surgery.
AB  - With the establishment of its own certifying board in 1948, thoracic surgery
      finally began to be accepted as a full-fledged medical specialty. A founding
      member of the American Board of Thoracic Surgery traces its historical and
      medical roots and recalls the philosophical turmoil of its early days.

PMID- 3883932
TI  - Splenectomy. In and out of fashion.

PMID- 3883933
TI  - Immunofluorescence studies of cardiac valves in infective endocarditis.
AB  - Mitral and aortic valves removed at emergency cardiac surgery from a patient with
      infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus viridans were studied by
      immunofluorescence to ascertain the extent and pattern of various immune
      reactants within the large valvular vegetations. Heavy intravalvular deposits of
      IgG as well as bacterial antigen were present. Much more focal interstitial IgM
      and C3 deposits were noted within vegetations and valve substance. Diffuse
      endocardial and subendocardial deposition of C5b-C9 and C9 complement neoantigens
      was present. Direct staining of valvular tissues and vegetations for rheumatoid
      factor showed extensive interstitial tissue deposition. These findings emphasize
      the large amounts of immune reactants and constituents of immune complexes
      present in valves and vegetations of patients with infective endocarditis.

PMID- 3883934
TI  - Effects of cyclosporine on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and potassium
      excretion in renal transplant recipients.
AB  - To evaluate the mechanism of cyclosporine-induced hyperkalemia, the renin
      angiotensin-aldosterone system and renal potassium clearance were compared in ten
      renal transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine and treated with
      azathioprine. After stimulation by a low-sodium diet and furosemide, cyclosporine
      treated patients demonstrated lower plasma renin activity when supine (1.9 +/-
      0.3 v 7.8 +/- 1.4 ng/mL/hr) and after standing (3.0 +/- 0.7 v 12.2 +/- 1.5
      ng/mL/hr). Supine plasma aldosterone levels tended to be lower in cyclosporine
      treated patients, (4.8 +/- v 10.5 +/- 2.6 ng/dL), although standing plasma
      aldosterone levels were not different (10.8 +/- 3.0 v 12.3 +/- 2.0 ng/dL). After
      administration of 0.75 mEq of potassium chloride per kilogram of body weight,
      cyclosporine-treated patients excreted 52% +/- 7.1% of the potassium load in six
      hours compared with excretion of 67% +/- 7.0% by the azathioprine-treated
      patients, although there was no difference in plasma aldosterone levels in
      response to the potassium load in the two groups. These data suggest that
      cyclosporine causes suppression of plasma renin activity and a tubular
      insensitivity to aldosterone, both of which may impair potassium excretion.

PMID- 3883935
TI  - Occupational medicine. A new focus for general internal medicine.
AB  - In the past two decades, occupational medicine has advanced from a formerly
      clinical discipline to one focused on epidemiology and toxicology. However,
      because efforts to prevent occupational disease by concerted application of
      industrial hygiene have not eliminated the problem, there remains a strong need
      for clinical interventions. Appropriate interventions could result in a further
      substantial reduction in the morbidity and mortality of work-connected illness.
      Unfortunately, neither adequate training nor the necessary scientific foundation
      for clinical decision making presently exist. Studies are needed to characterize
      the modern spectra and natural histories of virtually all recognized occupational
      diseases and to evaluate the efficacy of available therapeutic strategies.
      Sections of general internal medicine potentially offer an ideal academic setting
      to address these educational and scientific deficiencies.

PMID- 3883936
TI  - The Somogyi phenomenon.

PMID- 3883937
TI  - [Witch signs in forensic medicine of the 16th to 18th centuries].
AB  - Witch's marks and injecta, two magical phenomena discussed in the law-courts are
      here examined from the perspective of forensics and medical history. While
      stigmata were already deprived of their magical aura in the time of Zacchias,
      injecta continue to puzzle legal medicine for a long time. Gradually the solution
      is discovered in natural (diseases, dermatology) and psychological (simulation)
      phenomena.

PMID- 3883938
TI  - Treatment of depression with cognitive therapy and amitriptyline.
AB  - Thirty-three outpatients with primary nonbipolar depression received individual
      treatment with either cognitive therapy alone (n = 18) or cognitive therapy plus
      amitriptyline hydrochloride pharmacotherapy (n = 15). All patients were treated
      according to a protocol specifying a maximum of 20 sessions during a 12-week
      period. Both groups showed statistically significant and clinically meaningful
      decreases in depressive symptoms. No differences emerged between the two groups
      in terms of the magnitude of the decrease in depressive symptoms. The addition of
      tricyclic antidepressant medication did not improve the response obtained by
      cognitive therapy alone, during the short-term treatment phase. Although there
      was a nonsignificant trend suggesting greater stability of gains for the combined
      treatment at a one-year follow-up, the patients had more therapy during the
      follow-up period. There was no evidence of any negative interaction between
      cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy, although evidence for any positive
      additive or interactive effect was meager.

PMID- 3883939
TI  - The multiaxial system of DSM-III: where did it come from and where should it go?
      I. Its origins and critiques.
AB  - The multiaxial system for evaluation is widely regarded as one of the most
      important contributions of DSM-III. The concept of multiaxial evaluation, that an
      individual is evaluated in terms of several different domains of information that
      are assumed to be of high clinical value, was introduced in the United States in
      the mid-1970s. Its value for clinical and research work was quickly recognized,
      and in the first year of the development of DSM-III, in 1976, a decision was made
      to incorporate such a system in the manual. This report reviews both the
      background of the development of the DSM-III multiaxial system and critiques that
      have been made of each of the axes since its publication in 1980. A companion
      report reviews empirical studies of the system and offers suggestions for its
      further development.

PMID- 3883940
TI  - The multiaxial system of DSM-III: where did it come from and where should it go?
      II. Empirical studies, innovations, and recommendations.
AB  - In a companion report, the development of the DSM-III multiaxial system was
      described, as well as critiques that have been made of each of its five axes. In
      this report, empirical studies that provide information about the reliability and
      validity of the system are reviewed. In addition, suggestions that have been made
      for changes in the system are critically examined. Finally, this material is
      synthesized into specific proposals for improvements in the multiaxial system
      that will be considered by the recently constituted Work Group to Revise DSM-III.

PMID- 3883941
TI  - Neurosis, psychodynamics, and DSM-III. A history of the controversy.
AB  - The adoption of DSM-III by the American Psychiatric Association has been viewed
      as representing a major advance for psychiatry and as an indication of the
      emergence of a broad professional consensus on diagnostic issues. The process of
      drafting the new manual was not, however, free of conflict. This article presents
      a narrative account of the controversies over the role of psychodynamic
      formulations in DSM-III and the more focused, though sharply contested, symbolic
      dispute over the inclusion of neurosis in the nomenclature. It traces the
      evolution of these disputes and focuses on the interplay of scientific and
      political considerations as psychiatrists committed to differing professional and
      therapeutic paradigms confronted each other for more than two years as the
      profession sought to develop a new manual that would improve the level of
      reliability of psychiatric diagnosis.

PMID- 3883942
TI  - Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis without granulocytic infiltration.

PMID- 3883943
TI  - An improved mounting medium for immunofluorescence microscopy.

PMID- 3883944
TI  - Quality assurance and proficiency testing for autoantibodies to nuclear antigen.
AB  - The College of American Pathologists' Proficiency Survey results have shown a
      need for standardization of testing for autoantibodies to nuclear antigens (ANA).
      We have recommended that each laboratory establish age-adjusted reference ranges
      for particular methods and instrumentation, report qualitative end point titers
      in relation to these reference ranges, interpret normal or abnormal as a
      laboratory appraisal rather than as a clinical assessment, and inclusion of a low
      titer ANA control sera in each assay.

PMID- 3883945
TI  - Lymphadenopathy in patients at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
      Histopathology and histochemistry.
AB  - Lymph node biopsies of 12 patients at high risk for acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome (AIDS) with generalized lymphadenopathy (AIDS-related complex [ARC]) and
      seven controls with conventional lymph node hyperplasia were examined by light
      microscopy and immunohistochemical staining of frozen tissue. The
      immunohistochemical results were quantified by planimetric means. Our findings
      show that the T helper/T suppressor-cytotoxic (Th/Tsc) ratio in lymph nodes from
      ARC patients is significantly decreased with respect to controls and that this
      decrease precedes the change in the Th/Tsc ratio in peripheral blood. Our
      findings distinguish between lymphadenopathy from patients with ARC and other
      forms of hyperplasia; the relation to AIDS is discussed.

PMID- 3883946
TI  - A new method for quantitating the medial component of pulmonary arteries. The
      measurements.
AB  - Current methods for quantitating the media of pulmonary arteries are inadequate
      in that either they produce measurements of the media and artery size that are
      affected by vasoconstriction, or they are complicated to use. We developed a
      method that overcomes these problems. It produces measurements of medial area and
      the artery size is expressed in terms of the total length of the internal elastic
      lamina. The measurements are obtained directly from histologic sections using a
      light microscope with a camera lucida attachment in conjunction with a
      microcomputer linked to a digitizing board. Repeatability of the measurements is
      excellent but it is essential to digitize at a magnification at which crinkles in
      the internal elastic lamina are clearly visible. Arteries that are considered to
      be digitizable are representative of the total muscular pulmonary artery
      population.

PMID- 3883947
TI  - Orf. A case report with histologic, electron microscopic, and immunoperoxidase
      studies.
AB  - Orf is an occupational skin disease acquired through contact with infected
      animals. In humans, orf is usually a self-limited disease that resolves
      spontaneously within four to 24 weeks. We report a case with multiple lesions of
      orf, acquired by contact with a wild sheep. The patient was temporarily
      immunosuppressed by a concomitant viral hepatitis. We reviewed the histologic and
      electron microscopic findings. Also, we attempted to stain the Parapoxvirus in
      the skin of the patient, using the immunoperoxidase technique. The antiserum was
      obtained from sheep immunized against orf. We used lesional skin from sheep
      infected with orf as a positive control. The negative results of this technique
      in the patient's skin indicated that Parapoxvirus infecting wild sheep is
      antigenically different from that causing the disease in domestic animals.

PMID- 3883948
TI  - Plasma fibronectin response to Escherichia coli and hemoglobin.
AB  - Low levels of plasma fibronectin (PFN), an adhesive glycoprotein postulated to
      augment reticuloendothelial function, can predispose animals to a poor clinical
      outcome following sepsis. In the present study, the PFN levels of adult male rats
      were measured prior to injection of intraperitoneal Escherichia coli and/or
      stroma-free hemoglobin (SFH) and subsequently at 4, 24, and 48 hours.
      Intraperitoneal E coli alone elicited insignificant PFN level depression at four
      hours, with significantly elevated levels only in the high-dose group at 24 (P
      less than .05) and 48 hours (P less than .01). Intraperitoneal SFH alone did not
      alter PFN levels from baseline values; when combined with E coli significant four
      hour level depression is noted (P less than .05). Elevation of PFN levels by 24
      hours occurs in a dose-dependent fashion, returning to baseline values 48 hours
      postinoculation. Significant mortality was observed only with high doses of E
      coli combined with SFH. The PFN levels are elevated 24 to 48 hours following high
      dose E coli injection. Stroma-free hemoglobin alone has no effect, but when
      combined with E coli results in PFN level depression four hours postinoculation,
      contributing to impairment of systemic host defenses and possibly predisposing to
      greater mortality.

PMID- 3883949
TI  - Pulmonary dysfunction secondary to soft-tissue endotoxin.
AB  - Our purpose was to determine whether peripheral soft tissues produce and release
      prostanoids in response to local sepsis, and whether this mediator release can
      produce pulmonary dysfunction. Escherichia coli endotoxin (2 micrograms/kg in 100
      mL of saline) was injected below the hide of the flank in seven unanesthetized
      sheep. In three additional sheep, ibuprofen (12.5 mg/kg of body weight) was
      injected with the endotoxin. Thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (prostacyclin)
      levels were measured in tissue lymph draining the flank, lung lymph, pulmonary
      artery (Ppa), and aortic plasma. One hour after endotoxin administration, mean
      PaO2 decreased from 90 to 74 mm Hg and Ppa increased from 22 to 35 mm Hg. Lung
      lymph flow (QL) increased only 50% with QL being protein poor. No increase in
      lung or peripheral soft-tissue vascular permeability was noted. Tissue lymph
      (TxB2) increased from 220 +/- 114 to greater than 10,000 pg/mL with levels in Ppa
      plasma increasing from 300 +/- 128 to 595 +/- 124 pg/mL and aortic plasma from
      270 +/- 141 to 410 +/- 104 pg/mL. Lung lymph TxB2 paralleled aortic values. Peak
      levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in systemic lymph exceeded 2,000 pg/mL while levels
      in lung lymph remained relatively constant. The pulmonary injury and the increase
      in TxB2 was prevented by ibuprofen. We conclude that the response of soft tissue
      to local endotoxin is to release thromboxane in quantities sufficient to raise
      plasma levels and to produce hypoxia and pulmonary hypertension. The lung
      dysfunction is not produced by an increase in lung water or vascular
      permeability.

PMID- 3883950
TI  - The relationship of insulin production to glucose metabolism in severe sepsis.
AB  - Basal glucose metabolism was evaluated in eight stable, infected patients by
      measuring hepatic glucose production rates in relation to stress endocrine
      profile and by comparing these data to five injured, noninfected patients. All
      patients exhibited normal total-body oxygen consumptions and cardiac indices.
      Fasting basal insulin values were similar in both groups (6 microU/cc) despite a
      significantly higher plasma glucose level in septic patients (106 +/- 14 mg/dL)
      compared to nonseptic patients (88 +/- 10 mg/dL). Septic patients exhibited
      splanchnic glucose production and calculated glucose clearance rates, 53% and 34%
      higher, than injured nonseptic patients, respectively. In addition, septic
      patients exhibited a decreased pancreatic insulin secretory response to an
      intravenous glucose tolerance test as evidenced by a significantly depressed peak
      insulin value (17 microU/cc) relative to injured patients (77 microU/cc). These
      findings indicate that insulin suppression is evident in sepsis even in the
      absence of shock and suggest that sepsis-related basal hyperglycemia does not
      appear to be associated with peripheral insulin resistance.

PMID- 3883952
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome after skin grafting.

PMID- 3883951
TI  - Escherichia coli and human neutrophils. Effect of bacterial supernatant with
      hemolysin activity upon chemotaxin receptors.
AB  - A greater proportion of Escherichia coli strains isolated from clinical
      extraintestinal infections produce alpha-hemolysin than do strains isolated from
      normal fecal flora. Proposed mechanisms to explain this observation have stressed
      the fact that hemolysis liberates hemoglobin, which may provide a nutritional
      boost for E coli growth. Alternatively, a cytolytic effect of hemolysin upon host
      neutrophils has been postulated. Our previous studies have suggested a third
      possibility: Human neutrophils incubated in the supernatant of an alpha-hemolysin
      producing E coli strain produced a selective inhibition of chemotaxis toward C5a.
      Bacteria-free supernatants from 14 clinical strains of E coli were therefore
      evaluated for an ability to lyse sheep erythrocytes, alter human
      polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) chemotaxin receptors, and affect release of
      PMN enzymes. Supernatants possessing hemolytic activity decreased the C5a
      receptor activity of human PMNs and increased the number of peptide receptors. A
      stimulation of secondary granule release, as evidenced by the release of PMN
      lysozyme, may account for the increased expression of peptide receptors.
      Perturbation of host defenses through a loss of neutrophil migratory function and
      secondary granule contents may allow for enhanced survival of E coli, which
      produce alpha-hemolysin.

PMID- 3883953
TI  - [Structural organization of the microcirculatory bed of the pancreas of the
      domestic cat].
AB  - In 35 cats by means of methods for the blood bed injection and revealing the
      pancreatic islets after K. Kramlinger, R. Mayrand and N. Lifson (1979) with an
      additional pikrofucsin staining, the microcirculatory bed of the pancreatic lobe
      has been studied at light and electron microscopic level. It is presented as
      arterioles, precapillary arterioles, capillaries of the pancreatic islets and the
      exocrinic part of the gland, postcapillary venules and venules. The precapillary
      arterioles always branch into capillaries within the limits of the pancreatic
      islets. Position of the pancreatic islets, structure of the capillaries
      surrounding the acini, that of the postcapillaries and connected with them
      pericapillary and intercellular spaces make it possible for hormones of the
      endocrinic cells to produce local (paracrinic) effects on the cellular elements
      of the pancreas.

PMID- 3883954
TI  - [Modification of the technic of embedding bone sections in plastic].

PMID- 3883955
TI  - Obesity and heart disease.

PMID- 3883956
TI  - Treatment of pain due to herpes zoster infections.

PMID- 3883957
TI  - Recent experience with chemonucleolysis: community standards and factors
      affecting outcome.

PMID- 3883958
TI  - [The human placenta and its normal role and in pathology].
AB  - The information on placenta formation, development and structure in health and
      disease, as well as the role of the placenta as a unique organ which ensures the
      fetal growth and development during pregnancy is given on the basis of the
      literature and author's data. Attention is drawn to the formation of the
      compensatory-adaptive reactions as a complex dynamic process whose manifestations
      are considered on the subcellular, cellular and tissue levels. Connection between
      the morphological equivalents of the compensatory mechanisms and the process of
      maturation of placental barrier structural elements is shown. Determining the
      character of maturation disorders in combination with the placenta damage allows
      one to suggest, by means of clinico-anatomical analysis, a particular maternal
      pathology as the most probable cause of the unfavourable intrauterine conditions
      of the fetal development. A working classification of placental insufficiency
      resulting mainly from the disturbance of the compensatory-adaptive reactions is
      proposed.

PMID- 3883959
TI  - [125th anniversary of the Department of Pathological Anatomy of the S. M. Kirov
      Military Medical Academy].

PMID- 3883961
TI  - Prediction of carotid disease by ultrasound and digital subtraction angiography.
AB  - Ultrasound (US) technology (B-mode real-time imaging and Doppler signal analysis)
      and digital subtraction angiography (DSAV) were prospectively compared in 90
      consecutive patients. Twenty-four endarterectomy specimens became available. The
      DSAV was uninterpretable in 9.4% of vessels and US, in 8.3%. Estimation of degree
      of stenosis by both modalities agreed well with endarterectomy specimens. Neither
      predicted the presence or absence of ulceration accurately. Not considering
      occlusions (where DSAV is probably more accurate), no clear superiority as a
      screening test compared against a common standard was demonstrated for either. In
      all 148 vessels with adequate studies by both, the technologies agreed in
      categorizing stenosis (less than or equal to 50% v greater than 50% diameter
      stenosis) in 89%. Correlation was poor for occlusions and ulceration. If DSAV
      were definitive, US would be an effective screen for surgically relevant stenosis
      with a negative predictive value of 95%.

PMID- 3883960
TI  - Neurocardiology. An interdisciplinary area for the 80s.
AB  - This review focuses on the relations between neural structures and the heart in
      the pathogenesis of severe cardiac dysfunction (namely, cardiac arrhythmias,
      focal cardiac lesions, and the sudden death syndrome). After establishing the
      anatomic connections between the brain and the heart and then reviewing ways to
      assess the integrity of nerves to the heart, the clinical literature relating
      human brain dysfunction to cardiologic problems is reviewed. Next the
      experimental literature is briefly reviewed. The organization of the information
      is based on whether or not the heart of the experimental animal is normal as well
      as on the part of the nervous system involved (ie, either central or peripheral).
      In addition, since the effect of environmental stress on cardiac dysfunction must
      be modulated via the brain, the review is briefly extended to examine the role of
      stress in the production of severe cardiac dysfunction in people as well as
      animals.

PMID- 3883962
TI  - Is there a difference between classic and common migraine? What is migraine,
      after all?

PMID- 3883963
TI  - Freud's contribution to neuroanatomy.
AB  - Sigmund Freud, the acknowledged father of psychoanalysis, started his scientific
      career as a very promising neurohistologist. This report gives an overview of his
      early neuroanatomic articles and pioneering contributions to 19th-century
      neurologic science.

PMID- 3883964
TI  - Near-UV radiation from the operating microscope and pseudophakic cystoid macular
      edema.
AB  - We performed a prospective randomized study of 297 patients to determine the
      effect of a UV-blocking filter on the operating microscope on the angiographic
      incidence of cystoid macular edema in patients undergoing extracapsular surgery
      with implantation of a posterior chamber lens. Patients were randomly allocated
      preoperatively to two groups undergoing surgery with or without a UV filter in
      place. Of the 297 patients, 205 had angiograms readable for the presence or
      absence of cystoid macular edema. The incidence of aphakic cystoid macular edema
      in patients without the filter was 21% v 17.3% in the group with a filter. This
      difference was not significant. The presence of a UV-blocking filter on the
      operating microscope makes no difference in the angiographic incidence of cystoid
      macular edema or the visual outcome in these cases.

PMID- 3883965
TI  - Diagnosing functional visual deficits with the P300 component of the visual
      evoked potential.
AB  - The visual evoked potential (VEP) is routinely used to assess visual function,
      though it occasionally does not reflect a patient's conscious experience. Reports
      of normal flash or pattern VEPs obtained from blind persons are extreme examples
      of this problem. The difficulty in interpreting VEPs in light of such findings
      can be partly overcome by obtaining a cognitive component of the evoked
      potential, P300. We obtained traditional visual acuity measurements, pattern
      reversal VEPs, and VEPs containing P300s from three patients with clinically
      diagnosed functional visual deficits. The P300s were obtained in response to
      stimuli that the patients claimed they could not see, supporting the clinical
      conclusions that malingering or hysteria was involved. The P300 component can be
      helpful in assessing the subjective visual experience of patients suspected of
      having functional visual loss.

PMID- 3883966
TI  - Identification of proteins in contact lens surface deposits by immunofluorescence
      microscopy.
AB  - Worn soft contact lenses from five asymptomatic subjects were examined by
      immunofluorescence microscopy for type of protein on the lens surface. Lysozyme
      was the predominant protein component identified by this technique. IgA was also
      identified in deposits on all five lenses, but the staining was less intense than
      that for lysozyme. Lactoferrin was identified on the surface of four lenses, one
      of which stained intensely for this protein and three less intensely. IgG was
      identified on two contact lenses; the staining was less intense than that for
      lysozyme. New, never-worn soft contact lenses did not stain for any of the
      proteins examined in this study. We conclude that several normal tear proteins
      are capable of contributing to surface deposits on soft contact lenses, and all
      worn soft contact lenses have protein adherent to their surface as a result of
      normal wear.

PMID- 3883967
TI  - Incidence of cataract extraction in Pima Indians. Diabetes as a risk factor.
AB  - The incidence of visually disabling cataract was estimated by the rate of first
      cataract extraction in a population of Pima Indians in Arizona. The annual age
      specific rates of cataract surgery (first and second eyes) were 3.7 to 5.9 times
      as high as the estimated US rates. Diabetes was a strong risk factor for first
      cataract surgery in all age and sex groups except in men aged 75 to 84 years.
      Overall, with age and sex controlled, the rate of first cataract surgery was 2.2
      times as high (95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 3.9) in diabetic as in nondiabetic
      subjects. Cataract surgery was related to the duration and type of treatment of
      diabetes. Insulin-treated diabetics had about five times the rate of those with
      normal glucose tolerance. The rate of cataract surgery was lowest in subjects
      with normal glucose tolerance, somewhat higher in those with impaired glucose
      tolerance, and even higher with increasing duration of diabetes.

PMID- 3883968
TI  - Effect of epsilon-aminocaproic acid on postvitrectomy hemorrhage.
AB  - We performed a prospective study involving 96 patients undergoing vitrectomy for
      proliferative diabetic retinopathy to determine the effect of epsilon
      aminocaproic acid on the occurrence of postoperative intraocular hemorrhage.
      epsilon-Aminocaproic acid significantly reduced postoperative vitreous hemorrhage
      during the immediate postoperative period. Follow-up examinations two to six
      weeks after discharge from the hospital disclosed no statistically significant
      difference in the severity of vitreous hemorrhage between the treated and
      untreated groups. The loss of drug effect at this stage was in part due to
      spontaneous repeated bleeding in the treated group and in part to spontaneous
      clearing of hemorrhage in the untreated group. There was no statistically
      significant difference in the rate of repeated bleeding between the two groups or
      in rate of spontaneous clearing.

PMID- 3883969
TI  - Subtotal reconstruction of the upper eyelid. A one-stage procedure eliminating
      temporary lid closure.
AB  - Subtotal reconstruction of the upper eyelid may be achieved by using a
      semicircular flap at the lateral canthus combined with a medial sliding tarsal
      flap covered with a skin graft. This is a single-stage procedure that does not
      necessitate prolonged closure of the lids postoperatively.

PMID- 3883970
TI  - Corning, cocaine and local anesthesia.

PMID- 3883971
TI  - Levobunolol. A three-month efficacy study in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular
      hypertension.
AB  - The ocular hypotensive effect and the safety of levobunolol hydrochloride (0.5%
      and 1%) were compared with vehicle in this double-masked study of 42 patients
      with chronic open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. After a washout of
      ocular hypotensive medication, patients received one of the three test treatments
      in both eyes twice daily for three months. Both concentrations of levobunolol
      produced significant reductions in intraocular pressure, while decreases in
      vehicle-treated patients were minimal. Over the three-month study period, average
      pressure reductions were approximately 9.0 mm Hg in patients receiving either
      concentration of levobunolol and 0.5 mm Hg in patients receiving vehicle. Fewer
      patients were terminated from the study for inadequately controlled intraocular
      pressure in the levobunolol groups than in the vehicle group. No patients were
      terminated for drug-related adverse experiences.

PMID- 3883972
TI  - Levobunolol compared with timolol for the long-term control of elevated
      intraocular pressure.
AB  - Levobunolol hydrochloride (0.5% and 1%) and timolol maleate (0.5%) are being
      compared in an ongoing, double-masked, randomized study of 141 patients with
      ocular hypertension or chronic open-angle glaucoma. Baseline intraocular pressure
      (IOP) in the three treatment groups ranged from 26 to 27 mm Hg. During the first
      15 months of the study, the two drugs have not proved to be significantly
      different in ocular hypotensive efficacy, with overall mean IOP decreases of 6.8
      to 7.6 mm Hg. In addition, the two concentrations of levobunolol have been
      equally effective in controlling IOP. Neither drug has been associated with any
      significant ocular side effects. Both drugs have produced significant decreases
      (five to ten beats per minute) in mean heart rate. The effect on mean blood
      pressure has been less pronounced: overall decreases have been less than 4 mm Hg
      for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The results of this ongoing study
      suggest that levobunolol is as effective and as safe as timolol for the long-term
      control of IOP.

PMID- 3883974
TI  - Management of the ear canal in head and neck surgery.
AB  - The management of the ear canal in the treatment of tumors occurring in the area
      of the head and neck is a highly specialized problem. The material for this
      report is a derivative of the treatment of tumors involving the auricle, tragus,
      the skin of the cheek, temple, mastoid, parotid gland, ear canal, and middle ear.
      The extensive variety of histopathologic conditions and positions of the various
      tumors creates special problems in preserving and reconstructing the ear canal,
      saving the tympanic membrane, and rehabilitating the area of the ear canal when
      these structures have had to be resected. Six basic techniques have been used in
      rehabilitating this unique area, by using regional skin, free skin grafts,
      regional flaps, cervical flaps, combinations of these techniques, and large
      cutaneous and myocutaneous chest and back flaps for the larger ablations.

PMID- 3883973
TI  - Analysis of corneal thickness and endothelial cell density in pseudophakic and
      aphakic patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty.
AB  - We studied the effects of the presence or location of an intraocular lens on 54
      eyes with a penetrating keratoplasty. Endothelial cell density and corneal
      thickness measurements were compared in the four subgroups (14 aphakic, 14
      anterior chamber lenses, 11 iris-supported lenses, and 15 posterior chamber
      lenses), using analysis of covariance, with the covariable being months since
      transplant. There was no statistical difference in these parameters among the
      four groups. The correlation between endothelial cell density and postoperative
      time (P less than .0022) and between corneal thickness and elapsed time (P less
      than .05) was, however, significant in all categories. Based on our analysis, we
      believe the presence or location of an intraocular lens is not detrimental to the
      corneal endothelium in penetrating keratoplasty.

PMID- 3883975
TI  - Primary voice restoration at laryngectomy.
AB  - The tracheoesophageal puncture techniques of secondary voice restoration have
      been applied to primary restoration at laryngectomy. Satisfactory speech resulted
      in 48 patients (69%). This figure was improved by revision surgery to 75% and
      case selection may produce even higher success rates.

PMID- 3883976
TI  - Tube esophagostomy. A new technique in the management of long-term swallowing
      disorders.
AB  - Surgeons whose patients require long-term management of nutritional intake must
      usually choose from among nasogastric tube feedings, hyperalimentation by
      intravenous route, and/or gastrostomy. Cervical esophagostomy has been a useful
      but not widely employed alternative. The advantages of cervical esophagostomy
      over other modalities include the avoidance of laparotomy, absence of a
      nasogastric tube, and lack of the complications of a long-term indwelling
      intravenous catheter. The disadvantages of standard esophagostomy include the
      need to wear a tube to keep the fistula open, leakage, and skin irritation. Dobie
      et al presented a skin flap esophagostomy technique in 1978. We report a
      variation of this concept that has resulted in no salivary leakage and that
      allows the patient to dispense a tube between feedings. It provides a directional
      stoma in which the internal orifice is considerably inferior to the external one,
      resulting in continence and thus preventing substantial leakage.

PMID- 3883977
TI  - Mandible reconstruction with the trapezius osteomusculocutaneous flap.
AB  - The use of the trapezius osteomusculocutaneous island flap for mandibular
      reconstruction was first described in the American literature by Panje and
      Cutting in 1980. Since that initial description, we have utilized this composite
      flap to reconstruct the lower jaw in 24 patients. Approximately 85% of the cases
      were done for anterior arch defects and/or osteoradionecrosis. With an overall
      success rate of 87%, this surgical technique offers an especially useful method
      for immediate reconstruction of the lower jaw.

PMID- 3883978
TI  - Extension of the musculocutaneous flap by surgical delay.
AB  - The musculocutaneous flap has limits on survival of its skin segment. Random skin
      extensions beyond muscle margins have, by clinical experience, been shown to
      survive. It has not been proved, however, what quantity of random skin will
      survive or whether its viable dimensions can be augmented by surgical delay.
      Twenty-five porcine musculocutaneous island flaps were created with a random skin
      extension running beyond the likely limit of survival. Twenty-five paired
      contralateral flaps subjected to a surgical delay one week earlier were raised
      simultaneously. The surviving dimensions of random skin on both control and
      experimental flaps were measured 14 days after delay. The control flaps sustained
      random skin segments one to 48 times their area of muscle while the delay doubled
      this, engendering more predictable survival. A new, successful experimental
      technique of increasing skin survival in musculocutaneous flaps is documented.

PMID- 3883979
TI  - Intranasal composite grafts for dorsal support.
AB  - Reconstruction of the dorsal support of the nasal pyramid is often a challenging
      proposition. Intranasal resection of the septum or lateral walls of the nose will
      cause collapse, widening, shortening, and a depressed profile. This problem has
      been treated by cantilever bone grafts, cartilaginous grafts, composite grafts,
      skin grafts, and struts with some success. The correction of total resection of
      the nasal septum by the implantation of a biwinged composite cartilage graft acts
      as a buttress in its augmentation and support of the dorsum of the nose.

PMID- 3883980
TI  - Prostacyclin production by endothelial cells. Effects of sera from normal and
      hyperlipidemic subjects.
AB  - The influence of hyperlipidemic sera on prostacyclin (PGI2) production by
      cultured endothelial cells was assessed by comparing sera from three types of
      hyperlipidemias with sera from normal subjects. Sera prepared from normal whole
      blood (WBS), platelet-rich plasma (PRPS), and platelet-poor plasma (PPPS) were
      also compared. Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) incubated with 25% WBS
      increased PGI2 synthesis significantly within 1 hour, with little further
      increase by 16 hours; human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUEC) incubated
      with 25% WBS for 1 hour showed no elevation in PGI2, whereas PGI2 levels
      increased substantially after 16 hours. PPPS and PRPS stimulated PGI2 synthesis
      by BAEC equally at 1 hour. However, there was no rise in PGI2 after PPPS in HUEC;
      PGI2 rose after 16 hours with PRPS and rose further with WBS after 16 hours.
      Since WBS best enhanced PGI2 production in human endothelial cells, it was chosen
      for comparison of the effects of hyperlipidemic and normolipidemic sera. PGI2
      synthesis by HUEC significantly increased upon incubation with WBS from Types IIb
      and IV patients in comparison to WBS from Type IIa hypercholesterolemic patients
      or normal controls. In contrast, WBS from all these hyperlipidemic subjects
      stimulated PGI2 synthesis by BAEC similarly to WBS from controls. We conclude
      that incubation of human endothelial cells with WBS containing high levels of
      atherogenic lipoproteins does not reduce PGI2 formation by the cells. Moreover,
      the time course and the contribution of lipid, plasma, or cellular factors to
      PGI2 formation vary according to the cell type tested. Caution should be
      exercised in extrapolating results achieved with serum and cells from the same
      species to other settings.

PMID- 3883981
TI  - Hyper-G stress-induced hyperglycemia in rats mediated by glucoregulatory
      hormones.
AB  - Fasted male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-300 g, were exposed to 3.1 G for
      0.25-24 h. During the first 24 h, there was a significant and sustained increase
      in plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon. Plasma catecholamines showed
      significant increases only at 0.25 and 0.50 h, returning to control levels
      between 1.0-24 h; blood lactate paralleled the catecholamines' response. Plasma
      free glycerol showed a significant and sustained decrease during the first 24 h.
      Liver glycogen was significantly increased at 0.50 h, with progressively larger
      amounts accumulated as the exposure time was extended to 24 h. Diaphragm muscle
      glycogen was significantly decreased at 1.0 h, but showed a significant increase
      at 24 h. The isolated diaphragm muscle tissues from these rats were also studied
      in vitro to determine insulin effect on glucose uptake. Muscle tissues obtained
      from noncentrifuged controls and incubated with insulin (0.3 mU X ml-1) in the
      medium showed significant increases in glucose uptake; in contrast, muscle
      tissues from centrifuged rats showed no insulin effect on glucose uptake. It is
      concluded that the initial, rapid rise in blood glucose of rats exposed to hyper
      G stress is mediated by increases in circulating catecholamines and glucagon,
      both potent stimulators of hepatic gluconeogenesis; and that the sustained
      hyperglycemia may be due in part to the inhibition of the insulin-stimulated
      uptake by muscle tissues.

PMID- 3883982
TI  - Rivalry for the sky: a prelude to the development of the flight nurse program in
      the US Army Air Forces.
AB  - Historical methodology was employed to examine letters and reports of the Aerial
      Nurse Corps of America (ANCOA), the American Red Cross (ARC), the American
      Nurses' Association (ANA), and the United States (US) Army written from 1937 to
      1942. Data revealed that the formative years of flight nursing prior to the
      development of the program in the US Army were marked by the rivalry of the ANCOA
      and the ARC to provide the flight nurses for a military flight nurse program. The
      rivalry highlights an issue that has plagued nursing from its beginning: that
      nurses should control their own profession. Ultimately, the rivalry was "much ado
      about nothing," but the deliberations of nurse leaders of the ARC and the ANA
      concerning the ANCOA and its founder, Lauretta M. Schimmoler, a pilot, offer
      insight into how nurses worked to maintain control of nursing and serve as a
      source of inspiration for nurses of today in their professional efforts.

PMID- 3883983
TI  - [In vitro differentiation of pathogenic and nonpathogenic avian influenza
      viruses].

PMID- 3883984
TI  - [A simple culture method for the bacteriological identification of Bacillus
      larvae on Columbia blood-slant agar].

PMID- 3883985
TI  - Human serum amyloid P component, a circulating lectin with specificity for the
      cyclic 4,6-pyruvate acetal of galactose. Interactions with various bacteria.
AB  - Serum amyloid P component (SAP), a normal plasma glycoprotein, has recently been
      shown to have Ca2+-dependent binding specificity for methyl 4,6-O-(1
      carboxyethylidene)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (MO beta DG) [Hind, Collins, Renn,
      Cook, Caspi, Baltz & Pepys (1984) J. Exp. Med. 159, 1058-1069]. SAP was found to
      bind in vitro to Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, the cell wall of which is known to
      contain this particular cyclic pyruvate acetal of galactose. SAP also bound in
      similar amounts (approx. 6000 molecules per organism) to group A Streptococcus
      pyogenes, but very much less was taken up on Xanthomonas campestris, which
      contains the 4,6-cyclic pyruvate acetal of mannose. No SAP bound to Escherichia
      coli, which contains the 4,6-cyclic pyruvate acetal of glucose, or to
      Streptococcus pneumoniae type 4, which contains the 2,3-cyclic pyruvate acetal of
      alpha- rather than beta-galactopyranoside, or to other organisms (Streptococcus
      agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis), the
      carbohydrate structures of which are less well characterized. Binding of SAP to
      those organisms which it did recognize was completely inhibited or reversed by
      millimolar concentrations of free MO beta DG. SAP, a human plasma protein, thus
      behaves as a lectin and may be a useful probe for its particular specific ligand
      in the cell walls of bacteria and other organisms.

PMID- 3883986
TI  - Properties of receptor-controlled inositol trisphosphate formation in parotid
      acinar cells.
AB  - Activation of muscarinic receptors in rat parotid cells results in breakdown of
      polyphosphoinositides liberating inositol phosphates, including inositol
      trisphosphate. Formation of inositol trisphosphate appears independent of agonist
      induced Ca2+ mobilization, since neither formation nor degradation of inositol
      trisphosphate are appreciably altered in low-calcium media, and elevation of
      cytosolic Ca2+ with a calcium ionophore does not cause an increase in cellular
      inositol trisphosphate. Further, activation of substance P receptors and alpha 1
      adrenoreceptors, but not beta-adrenoreceptors, increases inositol trisphosphate
      formation. The dose-response curve for methacholine activation of inositol
      trisphosphate formation more closely approximates the curve for receptor
      occupancy than for Ca2+-activated K+ release. These results are all consistent
      with the suggestion that inositol trisphosphate could function as a second
      messenger linking receptor occupation to cellular Ca2+ mobilization.

PMID- 3883987
TI  - Role of dexamethasone and insulin on the development of the five urea-cycle
      enzymes in cultured rat foetal hepatocytes.
AB  - The activity changes of the urea-cycle enzymes were monitored in cultured foetal
      hepatocytes after dexamethasone and insulin treatments. Addition of dexamethasone
      induced the development of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase, argininosuccinate
      synthetase, argininosuccinase and arginase activities as soon as day 16.5 of
      gestation. When insulin was added together with dexamethasone, it markedly
      inhibited the steroid-induced increase in carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase,
      argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinase activities.

PMID- 3883988
TI  - Effect of starvation, diabetes and insulin on the casein kinase 2 from rat liver
      cytosol.
AB  - Starvation, diabetes and insulin did not alter the concentration of casein
      kinases in rat liver cytosol. However, the Km for casein of casein kinase 2 from
      diabetic rats was about 2-fold lower than that from control animals.
      Administration of insulin to control rats did not alter this parameter, but
      increased the Km for casein of casein kinase 2 in diabetic rats. Starvation did
      not affect the kinetic constants of casein kinases. The effect of diabetes on
      casein kinase 2 persisted after partial purification of the enzyme by glycerol
      density-gradient centrifugation and affected also its activity on other protein
      substrates such as phosvitin, high-mobility-group protein 14 and glycogen
      synthase. The results indicate that rat liver cytosol casein kinase 2 is under
      physiological control.

PMID- 3883989
TI  - Effect of insulin on glucose transport and metabolism in isolated fat-cells of
      gonadal adipose tissue from mature age-matched male and female rats.
AB  - Insulin action on glucose transport and metabolism was studied in paraovarian
      adipocytes from 3-month-old female rats and compared with insulin action in
      epididymal adipocytes from closely age-matched males. At maximal insulin
      concentrations the stimulations of 2-deoxyglucose uptake (4-fold the basal value)
      and of [U-14C]glucose incorporation into CO2 and total lipids (3- and 2-fold the
      basal values respectively) were similar in adipocytes from rats of both sexes. At
      submaximal insulin concentrations (less than 0.2 nM) the ability of paraovarian
      adipocytes to transport and to metabolize glucose was higher than that of
      epididymal adipocytes; accordingly an increase in insulin binding was observed in
      paraovarian adipocytes as compared with epididymal adipocytes. These results show
      that paraovarian adipocytes from mature female rats were highly responsive to
      insulin, and exhibited a higher sensitivity to the hormone than did epididymal
      adipocytes from male rats of the same age.

PMID- 3883990
TI  - Participation of cellular thiol/disulphide groups in the uptake, degradation and
      bioactivity of insulin in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The effects on the uptake (cell-associated 125I) and degradation (125I-labelled
      products released into the medium) of 125I-insulin and bioactivity (protein,
      glycogen and lipid synthesis) of insulin caused by altering the cellular
      thiol/disulphide status in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were studied.
      Incubation of hepatocyte cultures with various exogenous thiol compounds (reduced
      glutathione, 2-mercaptoethanol, cysteamine, dithiothreitol) resulted in increased
      insulin binding, but markedly decreased degradation and bioactivity. These
      effects could be reversed by washing or by the addition of oxidized glutathione,
      which alone had no effect. When cultures were exposed to certain thiol-modifying
      reagents (N-ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuribenzoate, p
      chloromercuribenzenesulphonate, iodoacetamide, iodoacetate), some decreases in
      bioactivity were evident, but the pronounced decrease in insulin degradation
      observed with the thiol-containing compounds was not observed with this class of
      compounds. None of the thiol-containing or -modifying agents tested had any
      significant effect on cellular ATP concentrations, indicating that the effects
      observed were due to perturbation of the thiol/disulphide status. Depletion of
      intracellular glutathione by DL-buthionine SR-sulphoximine (a specific inhibitor
      of glutathionine biosynthesis) decreased the syntheses of glycogen and lipid by
      about one-half, while having essentially no effect on protein synthesis, ATP
      concentrations or on the binding and degradation of insulin. The data presented
      here indicate that although intracellular thiol (glutathione) concentrations may
      be important for the maintenance of full expression of certain biological
      activities (glycogen and lipid synthesis), the thiol/disulphide groups on the
      cell surface and those immediately inside the cell membrane may be more critical
      in the mediation of insulin action, including the degradation and bioactivity of
      insulin in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 3883991
TI  - Localization of Tamm-Horsfall-glycoprotein-like immunoreactivity in cultured baby
      hamster kidney cells, shown by immunofluorescence and by light- and electron
      microscopic immunoperoxidase techniques.
AB  - Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein was isolated from hamster urine, and antiserum against
      it was produced in rabbits. IgG was isolated from the antiserum.
      Immunocytochemical methods were used to localize Tamm-Horsfall-like
      immunoreactivity in three substrains of baby-hamster kidney (BHK) cells. Indirect
      immunofluorescence techniques showed that, in two substrains (BHK-21/C13/2P and
      BHK-21/C13/3P), a proportion of the cells fluoresced brilliantly, whereas those
      of the third substrain (BHK-21/ICRF) were totally negative. Related findings were
      obtained by the immunoperoxidase optical-microscopic technique. From the results
      of immunoperoxidase techniques using the electron microscope, it was concluded
      that the substance was present in association with the plasma membranes of the
      reacting cells. Our data suggest that the line of baby-hamster kidney cells, BHK
      21/C13, may contain cells of renal-tubular epithelial origin, and that the
      proportion of these may be variable from one subculture to another.

PMID- 3883992
TI  - Tumour-promoting phorbol esters increase basal and inhibit insulin-stimulated
      lipogenesis in rat adipocytes without decreasing insulin binding.
AB  - In isolated rat adipocytes, tumour-promoting phorbol esters caused (1) dose
      dependent stimulation of lipogenesis in the absence of insulin and (2) inhibition
      of the lipogenic effect of submaximal concentrations of insulin, but without
      affecting insulin binding. The possible involvement of protein kinase C in
      insulin action is discussed.

PMID- 3883994
TI  - The effect of ethanol, alone and in combination with the glucocorticoids and
      insulin, on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase synthesis and mRNA in primary
      cultures of hepatocytes.
AB  - The hormonal regulation of the relative rate of synthesis and mRNA of glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH; EC 1.1.1.49) was studied in primary cultures of
      adult-rat liver parenchymal cells maintained in a chemically defined medium.
      Maintenance of hepatocytes from starved animals in a culture medium devoid of any
      hormones resulted in a 4-fold increase in the relative rate of G6PDH synthesis in
      48 h. Parallel cultures treated with glucocorticoids alone exhibited a rate of
      G6PDH synthesis comparable with that in the control cultures, whereas insulin
      alone caused a 6.5-fold increase in the rate of synthesis in 48 h. However, if
      the cultures were treated with glucocorticoids and insulin simultaneously, a 13
      fold increase in the rate of synthesis was observed. The effect of ethanol, alone
      and in combination with the hormones, on the relative rate of G6PDH synthesis was
      studied also. Ethanol alone caused an 8-fold increase in the rate of synthesis in
      48 h, whereas the combination of ethanol, glucocorticoid and insulin caused a 25
      fold increase. The amount of functional mRNA encoding G6PDH, as measured in a
      cell-free translation system, was compared with enzyme activity and relative rate
      of enzyme synthesis. The increases in G6PDH activity and relative rate of
      synthesis in primary cultures of hepatocytes treated with ethanol, alone and in
      combination with the glucocorticoids and insulin, were paralleled by comparable
      increases in G6PDH mRNA. The results of this study show that the glucocorticoids
      acted in a permissive manner to amplify the insulin stimulation of G6PDH
      synthesis and that insulin, glucocorticoids and ethanol interact to stimulate
      synthesis of G6PDH primarily by increasing the concentration of functional G6PDH
      mRNA.

PMID- 3883993
TI  - An appraisal of the application of recombinant DNA techniques to chromosome
      defects.

PMID- 3883995
TI  - The purification of shikimate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli.
AB  - A procedure was developed for the purification of shikimate dehydrogenase from
      Escherichia coli. Homogeneous enzyme with specific activity 1100 units/mg of
      protein was obtained in 21% overall yield. The subunit Mr estimated by
      polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate was
      32 000. The native Mr, estimated by gel-permeation chromatography on a TSK
      G2000SW column, was also 32 000. E. coli shikimate dehydrogenase is therefore a
      monomeric NADP-linked dehydrogenase.

PMID- 3883996
TI  - Effects of experimental nephrosis on basement-membrane components and enzymes of
      collagen biosynthesis in rat kidney.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to find out whether the basement-membrane
      proteins laminin and type IV collagen are involved in the development of
      aminonucleoside-induced nephrosis. These proteins were measured by specific
      radioimmunoassays in serum, urine and kidney-cortex samples, and they were
      localized in the glomeruli by indirect immunofluorescence. Nephrosis was induced
      in rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of puromycin aminonucleoside.
      Serum laminin concentrations, detected by a radioimmunoassay for the P2 domain of
      the protein, increased to reach a maximum at days 5-7, and they remained elevated
      until at least day 14. The increase preceded the development of proteinuria,
      suggesting a role for laminin in glomerular function. Concomitant with
      proteinuria, increasing amounts of laminin antigenicity were also found in the
      urine. The size of the laminin antigen in serum was estimated by gel filtration,
      and the serum forms were found to contain both the P1 and the P2 regions of the
      intact laminin molecule. On the other hand, there were no changes in the serum or
      urinary concentrations of type-IV-collagen-derived antigens, as detected by a
      radioimmunoassay for the 7S collagen domain of this protein. The total content of
      laminin in kidney cortex, measured after digestion of the tissue with trypsin and
      collagenase, was, at day 9, still comparable with normal values, and the
      distribution of both basement-membrane proteins in the glomeruli, studied by
      indirect immunofluorescence, was similar to that in the controls. The tissue
      damage induced by aminonucleoside, however, seems to stimulate collagen
      biosynthesis, as the activities of prolyl 4-hydroxylase, lysyl hydroxylase and
      galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase in kidney tissue increased
      significantly, with maxima at days 8-10.

PMID- 3883997
TI  - Reversible inactivation by noradrenaline of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase
      in rat adipocytes.
AB  - Incubation of rat adipocytes with the same range of noradrenaline concentrations
      that stimulate lipolysis caused a rapid and stable decrease in the activity of
      fatty acyl-CoA synthetase. Corticotropin, glucagon and dibutyryl cyclic AMP also
      decreased the activity of the enzyme. The effect of noradrenaline was apparent
      over a wide range of concentrations for the three substrates of the enzyme. A
      novel fluorescence assay of fatty acyl-CoA synthetase using (1,N6-etheno)-CoA is
      described. The effect of noradrenaline was not abolished by inclusion of albumin
      in homogenization buffers, persisted through subcellular fractionation and
      isolation of microsomes (microsomal fractions) and even survived treatment of
      microsomes with Triton X-100. The effect of noradrenaline was rapidly reversed
      within cells by the subsequent addition of insulin or propranolol. The inclusion
      of fluoride in homogenization buffers did not alter the observed effect of
      noradrenaline. Additions of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase to adipocyte
      microsomes caused considerable phosphorylation of microsomal protein by [gamma
      32P]ATP, but did not affect the activity of fatty acyl-CoA synthetase.

PMID- 3883998
TI  - Identification of plasma inactive renin as prorenin with a site-directed
      antibody.
AB  - A sequence-specific antibody that recognizes a portion of the prosegment of human
      renin precursor was raised and used to provide direct evidence that plasma
      inactive renin contains the prosequence of renal renin and is therefore probably
      prorenin rather than an inactivated form of previously active renin. The
      information may help not only to resolve a major controversy concerning the
      nature of inactive renin in human plasma but also to elucidate its exact
      physiological role.

PMID- 3883999
TI  - Similarities in structure and function of bovine serum erythrotropin and human
      insulin-like growth factor II: two fetal erythroid cell stimulating factors.
AB  - Serum erythrotropin (ET) was isolated from fetal bovine serum. Partial sequence
      analysis of the N-terminal portion of the peptide indicated that the first 20
      amino acids were practically identical to those found in human insulin-like
      growth factor II (IGF II). The effect of IGF II on [3H] thymidine incorporation
      in cell cultures of fetal bovine liver was similar to the effect of ET. Both
      factors acted synergistically with erythropoietin but not with platelet derived
      growth factor. The stimulation of thymidine incorporation by ET and IGF II on
      cell cultures of fetal liver erythroid cells was at least 15 times higher than
      their effects on cultures of fetal calf intestine, lung and kidney cells.

PMID- 3884000
TI  - Requirements for in vitro reconstruction of protein synthesis.
AB  - Translation of f2am3 RNA and MS2 RNA in a system containing purified ribosomes
      and precharged aminoacyl-tRNA, does not occur in the presence of the "known"
      initiation (IF-1, IF-2 and IF-3), elongation (EF-Tu, EF-Ts and EF-G) and
      termination (RF-1, RF-2) factors. Translation in this system requires at least
      three additional protein factors. These are EF-P and the rescue protein as well
      as a previously undescribed factor we call W, which is found in the high-salt
      ribosomal eluate.

PMID- 3884001
TI  - Uridine diphosphate reductase of Ehrlich ascites tumor is insensitive to
      hydroxyurea.
AB  - Uridine diphosphate (UDP) reductase was isolated in the supernatant fraction
      obtained after the acidification of the cytosol of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells,
      and was found insensitive to 10 mM hydroxyurea. However, cytidine diphosphate
      (CDP) reductase, being separated concurrently in the precipitate fraction, was
      readily inhibited. In the cytosol fraction of either Ehrlich ascites tumor,
      Yoshida ascites sarcoma or regenerating rat liver after partial hepatectomy, UDP
      reduction activity, in contrast to CDP reduction activity, is not sensitive to
      hydroxyurea.

PMID- 3884002
TI  - Oxygenic photoreduction of methyl viologen and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      phosphate without the involvement of photosystem I during plastid development.
AB  - Studies on the appearance of various electron transport functions were followed
      during greening of etiolated cucumber cotyledons. Appearance of dichlorodimethoxy
      p-benzoquinone, dimethyl quinone, tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, dichlorophenol
      indophenol and ferricyanide Hill reactions were observed after 8h of greening.
      However, photoreduction of methyl viologen (MV) and nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) was observed from 2h of greening. Variable
      fluorescence, which is a direct indication of water-splitting function, was
      observed from 2h of greening in cotyledons, thylakoid membranes and photosystem
      II (PSII) particles. The decrease in variable fluorescence in the presence of MV
      (due to rapid reoxidation of Q-) observed from early stages of greening confirmed
      the photoreduction of MV by PSII. The early development of water-splitting
      function was further confirmed by the abolition of variable fluorescence in
      thylakoid membranes and PSII particles by heat treatment and concomittant loss of
      light dependent oxygen uptake in the presence of MV in heat treated chloroplasts.
      However, the photoreduction of MV and NADP was insensitive to intersystem
      electron transport inhibitors, dichlorophenyl dimethylurea or dibromomethyl
      isopropyl-p-benzoquinone till 8h of greening. Though the oxidation of intersystem
      electron carrier cytochrome f was observed from early stages of greening, the
      reduction of cytochrome f was not observed till 8h of greening. All these
      observations confirm that during early stages of greening MV and NADP are
      photoreduced by PSII without the involvement of intersystem electron carriers or
      the collaboration of PSI. Since these observations are at variance with the
      currently prevalent concept (Z-Scheme) of the photosynthetic generation of
      reducing power, which requires definite collaboration of the two photosystems, an
      alternate electron flow pathway is proposed.

PMID- 3884003
TI  - The preparation and characterization of mono-iodinated photoreactive analogs of
      insulin.
AB  - Photoreactive derivatives of insulin (B29-(p-azidobenzoyl-insulin) iodinated
      primarily in either the B26 or A14 tyrosine of insulin were prepared by
      lactoperoxidase catalyzed iodination followed by separation on reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography. The binding affinities and photoaffinity
      labeling characteristics of these derivatives were studied in isolated rat
      adipocytes. Under nonreducing conditions, three forms of the insulin receptor
      were labeled equally by the B26-derivative, the A14-derivative, and the mixture
      of the iodinated derivatives. When dithiothreitol was used to reduce the
      radiolabeled receptors, the radioactivity associated with the binding subunit was
      much less than that in the intact receptor and the magnitude of the decrease was
      proportional to the amount of iodine in the A chain of the photoderivatives. Use
      of the photoreactive derivative iodinated primarily in the B26 position resulted
      in greater labeling of insulin receptor subunits since most of the radioactivity
      (80%) remained associated with the receptor upon reduction.

PMID- 3884004
TI  - Pyruvate inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase is a physiological variable.
AB  - Pyruvate inhibited pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity in mitochondria from
      adipose tissue, heart, brain and kidney of fed rats. Starvation for 24 h led to
      increased kinase activity in mitochondria from adipose tissue and heart but not
      from brain or kidney and to reduction of pyruvate inhibition of the enzyme from
      adipose tissue, heart and brain. Insulin injection into starved animals rapidly
      restored pyruvate inhibition without alteration of kinase activity in adipose
      tissue and heart mitochondria. Induction of streptozotocin diabetes resulted in
      loss of pyruvate inhibition of the kinase in heart mitochondria at 48 h but not
      at 24 h whereas a significant increase of kinase activity was seen at 24 h. It is
      concluded that the mechanisms which control fluctuations of pyruvate sensitivity
      of the kinase are different from the mechanisms which control fluctuations of the
      uninhibited kinase activity.

PMID- 3884005
TI  - In vitro translation of rat lung surfactant apoprotein mRNA.
AB  - Rat pulmonary surfactant contains apoproteins of molecular weights 38,000,
      32,000, 26,000 and 10,000-12,000. The structural and metabolic interrelationships
      of these proteins are not clear as yet. In order to investigate if they arise
      from a single or multiple precursor protein (s), we isolated total poly(A)RNA
      from rat lungs, performed its translation in vitro in the presence of [35s]
      methionine and reticulocyte lysate, immunoprecipitated the translation products
      with anti-rat surfactant antibody, and analyzed them by SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and autoradiography. A single translation product of molecular
      weight 35,000 was detected. Since the antibody used in the immunoprecipitation
      recognizes the 38,000, 32,000 and 26,000 dalton proteins, it is concluded that at
      least these three proteins arise from the 35,000 dalton precursor by post
      translational modifications.

PMID- 3884006
TI  - Regulation of the multiple molecular forms of rat liver glucose 6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase by insulin and dietary restriction.
AB  - Insulin treatment of virgin female rats increased the hepatic activity of glucose
      6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase to levels 3.4 and
      1.5 fold higher than controls. The increase in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      activity was attributed to increased activity of all three dimer species. Thus
      dimer bands, 1, 2 and 3 of insulin-treated animals were 5, 3 and 2-fold higher
      respectively than controls. The activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and
      6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase decreased with fasting to 55% and 72%
      respectively of controls. The decrease in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      activity reflected a lower activity of dimer bands 2 and 3 only, which were 62%
      and 39% of control activity respectively after three days fasting. A shift
      towards band 1 was observed under both conditions of starvation as well as under
      conditions of insulin treatment.

PMID- 3884007
TI  - Treatment with an ascochlorin derivative, AS-6 increases 45Ca2+ binding on the
      plasma membrane of adipocytes in db/db mice.
AB  - Genetically obese diabetic mice (db/db) have greatly diminished 45Ca2+ binding on
      the plasma membranes of the adipocytes (45-55%) compared with their lean
      littermates. Treatment for 1 week with a diet admixture of AS-6 (0.1% in the
      diet) significantly restored the binding to a level comparable to the lean
      littermates. The addition of AS-6 in vitro had no effect on the binding, which
      eliminates the possibility that AS-6 is a Ca2+ ionophore. The results suggest
      that AS-6 treatment enhances the Ca2+ binding by causing structural alteration(s)
      in the membranes.

PMID- 3884008
TI  - Characterization of the fluorescent bimane derivative of E. coli initiator
      transfer RNA (tRNAfMet).
AB  - The invariant modified base 4-thiouridine of the E. Coli initiator tRNA was
      chemically modified using a sulfhydryl specific fluorogenic probe,
      monobromobimane. The modified tRNAfMet is virtually indistinguishable
      biochemically from the native form in the aminoacylation and formylation
      reactions, and in its binding behavior to the ribosomal P site. Fluorescence
      quenching by I- increases 40% when the modified tRNA is charged with
      formylmethionine, even at this relatively well-shielded position in the tRNA
      elbow. Most important, the fluorescence polarization increases by a factor of 2,
      to almost the irrotational value, when fMet-tRNAfMet binds to the ribosomal P
      site, providing a useful tool for studying fMet-tRNAfMet-ribosome interaction
      equilibria and kinetics.

PMID- 3884009
TI  - Synthetic insulin-like growth factor II.
AB  - Human insulin-like growth factor II with 67 amino acid residues and three
      disulfide bridges has been synthesized by the solid-phase method. Homogeneity of
      the synthetic product is ascertained by chromatofocusing, high performance liquid
      chromatography and amino acid analysis. In both radioimmunoassay and
      radioreceptor assay, the synthetic product is indistinguishable from the natural
      hormone.

PMID- 3884010
TI  - Inactivation of bradykinin and kallidin by cathepsin G and mast cell chymase.
AB  - Human neutrophil cathepsin G and human skin chymase can inactivate bradykinin by
      cleavage at the carboxy terminal phenylalanyl-arginyl peptide bond of this
      polypeptide. The mast cell enzyme is far more effective than cathepsin G, the
      rates of hydrolysis being comparable to that found for angiotensin I to
      angiotensin II conversion (C.F. Reilly, D. Tewksbury, N. Schechter, and J.
      Travis, J. Biological Chemistry 257:8619-8622). This ability to both inactivate
      bradykinin and accelerate the production of angiotensin II may be of significance
      in the development of biochemical events associated with inflammation.

PMID- 3884011
TI  - The in vivo formation of nonbilayer lipid phase in E. coli membranes during the
      development of Ca2-dependent competence.
AB  - 31P-NMR studies on E. coli cells reveal the in vivo formation of nonbilayer lipid
      structures, presumably of H11 phase, during Ca2-dependent competence induction.
      The data suggest the involvement of these structures in the exogenous DNA
      transfer into the cells during genetic transformation and transfection. The
      suggestion is supported by in vitro experiments in which the liposomes composed
      of different phospholipid species bind 14C-DNA in DNase and wash resistant form
      in conditions promoting the hexagonal phase formation.

PMID- 3884012
TI  - Spectral properties of a novel cytochrome P-450 of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      mutant SG1. A cytochrome P-450 species having a nitrogenous ligand trans to
      thiolate.
AB  - An altered cytochrome P-450 (SG1 P-450) was partially purified from Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae mutant SG1 which is defective in lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylation.
      Oxidized SG1 P-450 showed a Soret peak at 422 nm and the alpha peak was lower
      than the beta peak. This spectrum was considerably different from those of known
      low-spin P-450s, indicating a unique ligand structure of SG1 P-450. The
      absorption spectrum of ferric SG1 P-450 was superimposable on that of the
      imidazole complex of ferric P-450, suggesting the presence of a nitrogenous
      ligand such as histidine of the apoprotein at the 6th coordination position. SG1
      P-450 was immunochemically indistinguishable from cytochrome P-450 of S.
      cerevisiae catalyzing lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylation (P-45014DM) but had no
      lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase activity.

PMID- 3884013
TI  - Dopamine receptor blockade increases glandular kallikrein-like activity in the
      neurointermediate lobe of the rat pituitary.
AB  - The effect of dopamine receptor blockers on glandular kallikrein-like activity in
      the neurointermediate lobe of the rat pituitary was examined. Male rats were
      given daily injections of haloperidol (2.5 mg/kg), perphenazine (5 mg/kg) or
      sulpiride (60 mg/kg) for 7 days. Homogenates of the neurointermediate lobe were
      prepared. Latent proteases were activated with trypsin and proteolytic activity
      was measured at 37 degrees C, pH 8.0 using chromogenic peptide substrates. All
      three dopamine receptor blockers produced about a 100% increase in glandular
      kallikrein-like activity. The results suggest that glandular kallikrein-like
      activity in the neurointermediate lobe is under inhibitory control by
      dopaminergic mechanisms.

PMID- 3884014
TI  - Transformation and growth related changes in levels of nuclear and cytoplasmic
      proteins antigenically related to mammalian beta-galactoside-binding lectin.
AB  - Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting experiments, using a monoclonal antibody to
      the 13 kDa mammalian beta-galactoside-binding lectin have shown that human
      lymphocytes contain nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins of apparent molecular masses
      of 130, 80, 65 and 13 kDa that are antigenically related to the lectin and whose
      levels and patterns of expression change in association with transformation, or
      after stimulation with mitogens. These observations, together with the finding
      that the myeloid cell line K562 is also rich in the 130 kDa component, whereas
      the mature granulocytes of normal donors and of patients with chronic myeloid
      leukaemia are lacking in all of the immunoreactive forms, raise the possibility
      that this family of lectin-related proteins may be components of growth
      regulatory systems that are variously elicited in the transformed and stimulated
      cells.

PMID- 3884016
TI  - Concepts of heme distribution within hepatocytes.

PMID- 3884015
TI  - Amplified expression of p21 ras protein in hormone-dependent mammary carcinomas
      of humans and rodents.
AB  - Western blotting analysis was utilized to determine the amount of a ras oncogene
      product, p21 present in mammary carcinomas of humans and rats. The levels of p21
      in hormone-dependent rat tumors was about 7-fold that of hormone-independent
      tumors. The majority of human breast carcinomas examined had high p21 levels,
      about 10-fold that of the normal breast tissue; 70% of these tumors were estrogen
      and progesterone receptor positive. p21 levels in the remaining tumors were 3
      fold that of the normal breast tissue, regardless of the receptor status.
      Fibroadenomas and fibrocystic disease showed p21 levels similar to that of the
      normal mammary glands. Moreover, the high p21 levels in the mammary carcinomas
      correlated directly with high GTPase activity, as revealed by the photo
      incorporation of 8-N3-[gamma-32P]GTP into the tumor lysates. The results suggest
      that hormone-dependency of mammary carcinomas may correlate with quantitative
      change in 'normal' p21 protein.

PMID- 3884017
TI  - Effects of microwave exposure on the hamster immune system. IV. Spleen cell IgM
      hemolytic plaque formation.
AB  - Microwave exposure has been reported to affect various components of the immune
      system. In this study, we examined the effect of a single whole-body exposure of
      hamsters to microwave (mw) energy (2.45 GHz; 5-25 mW/cm2; 1 h) on the IgM
      antibody (Ab) response of spleen cells to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). MW
      exposed, sham-exposed, and cage-control hamsters were immunized with SRBC and
      plaque-forming cells (PFC) in spleens assayed using the direct hemolytic plaque
      assay. In cage-control hamsters the Ab response was highest between days 4 and 5,
      returning to baseline by day 9. MW exposure (25 mW/cm2 for 1 h) significantly
      augmented PFC response only on days 4 and 5 postimmunization, causing
      approximately a 4.3- and 3.5-fold increase over controls, respectively. Exposure
      to 15 mW/cm2 caused a lesser, but significant increase in PFC. Exposure to
      intensities below 15 mW/cm2 for 1 h did not produce any increase in Ab response.
      Immunization with different concentrations of SRBC following 1 h of 25 mW/cm2 MW
      exposure revealed a stimulation in PFC at all concentrations ranging from 5 X
      10(7) to 5 X 10(8) SRBC. Pretreatment of hamsters with MW radiation prior to
      immunization showed that the animals retained an increased sensitivity to SRBC
      for as long as 4 days after MW exposure. In contrast, exposure of hamsters to MW
      energy on different days after immunization showed an effect of the PFC response
      only if given between 0 and 1 day after immunization. These results suggest that
      MW exposure augments the primary IgM response to SRBC by affecting some early
      event in the immune response process. The various possible explanations for this
      phenomenon are discussed.

PMID- 3884018
TI  - Subset specificity of antilymphocyte antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus.
      Preferential reactivity with cells bearing the T4 and autologous erythrocyte
      receptor phenotypes.
AB  - The relative specificity of systemic lupus erythematosus antilymphocyte
      antibodies for T cell subsets bearing the OKT4, OKT8, or autologous erythrocyte
      rosette (A-RFC) markers was examined in complement-dependent microcytotoxicity
      assays and by indirect immunofluorescence. Target cells included normal OKT4+ or
      OKT8+ T cell clones established from mitogen-activated blasts, resting or
      phytohemagglutinin-activated peripheral T cells highly enriched for OKT4+ cells
      or OKT8+ cells, and A-RFC+ and A-RFC- populations. In the majority of sera,
      cytotoxicity for T4+ cells was greater than that for T8+ cells regardless of
      cellular activation status. Overall cytotoxicity was considerably higher for
      activated cells, however, especially when warm assay temperatures were used. A
      RFC+ targets were more reactive than nonrosetting T cells, and this was
      associated with strikingly higher relative fluorescence intensity of IgM
      staining. Despite these consistent differences in relative cytotoxicity or
      staining, antibody titers against all cell types were strongly correlated in
      individual sera. Absorption experiments failed to demonstrate distinct antibody
      specificities for T4+ and A-RFC+ cells. These data suggest that the major
      determinant of cytotoxic reactivity may be a single or limited number of surface
      antigens common to all T cells. Superimposed on this dominant system(s) is a
      special reactivity with certain distinct subsets and with activated T cells
      generally.

PMID- 3884019
TI  - Double-blind, multicenter controlled trial comparing topical dimethyl sulfoxide
      and normal saline for treatment of hand ulcers in patients with systemic
      sclerosis.
AB  - A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial compared topical therapy with 0.85%
      normal saline, 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 70% DMSO for treatment of
      digital ulcers in 84 patients with systemic sclerosis. There were no
      statistically significant differences among the 3 treatment groups in the
      improvement in the total number of open ulcers, total surface area of open
      ulcers, average surface area per open ulcer, number of infected ulcers, number of
      inflamed ulcers, or patient pain assessment. While some patients improved during
      the study, improvement could not be attributed to a specific treatment. Over one
      quarter of the patients treated with 70% DMSO were withdrawn for significant skin
      toxicity.

PMID- 3884020
TI  - Digital angiography for the diagnosis of dural sinus thrombosis in Behcet's
      disease.

PMID- 3884021
TI  - A nurse's reflection Johns Hopkins Hospital 1942-1944.

PMID- 3884022
TI  - [Immunosuppressive effect and promotor activity for hepatic carcinogenesis of
      thiobenzamide].
AB  - Thiobenzamide (TB) administration to rats (1 g/Kg of diet for 4 weeks) 10 days
      after a single i.p. injection of dimethylnitrosamine promotes the growth of
      preneoplastic liver lesions as evidenced by the sharp increase in number and area
      of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-positive hepatocellular foci. At the same time
      the number of the plaque forming cells isolated from the spleen of rats
      challenged with sheep red blood cell after the completion of a TB cycle is
      significantly lower than in the controls 5 as well 13 days after immunization.
      Accordingly, TB could act as immunodepressant in the rat; this should be taken
      into account as far as the promoting ability of such xenobiotic is concerned.

PMID- 3884023
TI  - [Statistical analysis of variations in total cholesterol, HDL, HDL2, HDL3, LDL
      cholesterol, VLDL-triglycerides, apo-A and apo-B lipoproteins in dyslipidemias
      during antilipemic therapy].
AB  - In our study, bezafibrate in short-acting formula and long-acting formula,
      administered to hyperlipidaemic patients, resulted in a significant lowering of
      atherogenic lipids and lipoproteins (chol.-T, LDL and VLDL-chol., apolipoprotein
      B and VDLD-TR), and a marked increase in the levels of HDL, HDL2, HDL3-chol. and
      apolipoprotein A with a protective action as regards vascular atherosclerotic
      damage. The long-acting formula showed a greater effectiveness.

PMID- 3884024
TI  - [Physiology of the autonomic nervous system--nervous control of metabolic
      function].

PMID- 3884025
TI  - Premedication before day surgery. A double-blind comparison of diazepam and
      placebo.
AB  - Premedication with diazepam 0.25 mg kg-1 by mouth was compared with placebo in a
      double-blind trial in patients undergoing day-case surgery under general
      anaesthesia. Diazepam decreased significantly preoperative discomfort and
      apprehension. The patients were discharged on time regardless of the type of
      premedication, and complaints at the time of discharge and on the following day
      could be related only to the length of anaesthesia and not to the type of
      premedication. Premedication given early in the morning remained effective for up
      to 6 h.

PMID- 3884026
TI  - Conversation with Mark Keller.

PMID- 3884027
TI  - Thrombocytopenia and leucopenia with mianserin-dependent antibodies.
AB  - By indirect immunofluorescence specific mianserin-dependent antibodies were
      detected against platelets but not against granulocytes in the serum of a patient
      with thrombocytopenic purpura and mild leucopenia. A complement-mediated
      cytotoxicity assay demonstrated 70% lysis of granulocytes but no lysis of
      platelets, only when mianserin was added to the medium. We suggest that, at least
      in some patients, mianserin may cause blood disorders by an immunologically
      mediated mechanism.

PMID- 3884028
TI  - Effect of angiotensin II and captopril on renal tubular function in man.
AB  - The effects of nonpressor doses of intravenous angiotensin II and of the
      converting enzyme inhibitor captopril on renal excretory function were
      investigated in eight healthy volunteers during sustained water diuresis on a
      constant intake of 150 mmol sodium per day. The angiotensin II-analogue val5
      angiotensin II-asp1-beta-amide was infused i.v. at an average dose of 2.6 ng kg-1
      min-1 which was the highest dose without a significant effect on arterial blood
      pressure. This subpressor dose of angiotensin II significantly decreased urine
      volume, urinary excretion of sodium, chloride and phosphate and distal delivery
      [(CH2O + CCl)/GFR X 100] in the absence of changes in GFR or distal fractional
      chloride absorption [CH2O/(CH2O + CCl)]. In a second series of experiments, an
      oral dose of 50 mg of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril was
      given to the sodium replete volunteers. In this study, captopril did not affect
      arterial blood pressure, GFR or any of the determined parameters of renal tubular
      function. Our results strongly suggest that the nonpressor dose of angiotensin II
      induced renal retention of sodium chloride via increased absorption in the
      proximal tubule. Thus, they further support the concept that angiotensin II
      participates in the regulation of renal sodium chloride excretion by affecting
      proximal tubular absorptive capacity. However, in the sodium replete stage,
      angiotensin II is of no major importance in regulating sodium chloride excretion.

PMID- 3884029
TI  - The biological and clinical significance of HCG-containing cells in seminoma.
AB  - The morphological appearance, incidence and prognostic significance of human
      chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG)-containing cells in seminomas were examined in a
      retrospective series of 228 orchidectomy specimens, obtained between 1958 and
      1972. Sections from each tumour were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H & E)
      and immunocytochemically for HCG. In 33 (14.5%) of the tumours HCG-containing
      cells were observed, but in only 12 were these recognised in an initial study of
      the H & E stained sections. HCG staining was seen predominantly in
      syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells and rarely in "mulberry" cells and mononuclear
      seminoma cells. Of the patients whose tumours included HCG-containing cells 23%
      died of their disease within 2 years of orchidectomy, compared with only 8% of
      the patients whose tumours lacked this feature. It is concluded that
      immunocytochemical staining for HCG should form part of the routine histological
      assessment of seminomas, and that the presence of HCG-containing cells indicates
      a more aggressive disease.

PMID- 3884030
TI  - Tumour ploidy, response and survival in patients receiving endocrine therapy for
      advanced breast cancer.

PMID- 3884031
TI  - Stellate fibrin-fibronectin microclot formation from keratinocytes and
      fibroblasts stimulated by plasma from patients with psoriasis.
AB  - Plasma from patients with active psoriasis has been shown to induce the formation
      of stellate fibrin-fibronectin microclots in vitro around cultured keratinocytes
      and fibroblasts. Such a stellate radiation of fibronectin and fibrin was also
      demonstrated around monocytes from patients with psoriasis. The phenomenon was
      not observed in healthy subjects but has been found in various disorders.

PMID- 3884032
TI  - Conventional superficial X-ray versus Grenz ray therapy in the treatment of
      constitutional eczema of the hands.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with symmetrical constitutional eczema of the hands,
      resistant to topical treatment, took part in a double-blind trial which showed
      that 300 rad (3 Gy) of conventional superficial X-ray therapy was superior to 900
      rad (9 Gy) of Grenz ray therapy (both given in three divided doses at 21 day
      intervals).

PMID- 3884033
TI  - Possibilities for the therapeutic control of fibrosis.

PMID- 3884034
TI  - Is group B streptococcal screening during pregnancy justified?
AB  - Twenty-eight per cent of women investigated during pregnancy were carriers of
      group B streptococci (GBS). The use of broth enrichment was the most significant
      factor in determining GBS carriage rates. GBS carriage decreased during
      pregnancy. Transmission of GBS from mother to baby was related to vaginal
      carriage but rectal carriage in pregnancy was the best predictor of maternal
      carriage at term. Rectal and vaginal swabs taken at 28 and 36 weeks correctly
      predicted 92% of intrapartum GBS carriage. Although accurate prediction of
      intrapartum GBS carriage is possible, mass screening for GBS in pregnancy is
      unlikely to be cost-effective in those countries with a low incidence of neonatal
      GBS sepsis.

PMID- 3884035
TI  - Maternal azathioprine therapy and depressed haemopoiesis in the babies of renal
      allograft patients.
AB  - Maternal immunosuppression with azathioprine during pregnancy can depress fetal
      haemopoiesis resulting in neonatal thrombocytopenia and leucopenia with the
      potential for serious sequelae. The effect on the infant of adjusting
      azathioprine dosage on the basis of maternal total leucocyte count has been
      studied in 10 pregnancies in eight renal allograft recipients. Throughout the
      first six pregnancies azathioprine dosage was unchanged and although the
      characteristic pregnancy leucocytosis was evident it was not maintained in four
      patients whose leucocyte counts by 32 weeks gestation were significantly less
      than our norm [10.3 (SD 1.7) X 10(9)/1] and who subsequently had babies with cord
      leucocyte counts less than or equal to 8.0 X 10(9)/l, again significantly less
      than our norm [13.7 (SD 3.9) X 10(9)/l]. A significant correlation existed
      between maternal leucocyte counts at 32 weeks gestation and at delivery and cord
      leucocyte count (r = 0.847; P less than 0.01 and r = 0.915; P less than 0.01
      respectively). Three of these infants had platelet counts less than or equal to
      100 X 10(9)/l but there was no correlation between maternal platelet counts at 32
      weeks gestation or at delivery and cord platelet count. For the next four
      pregnancies policy changed: at 32 weeks gestation azathioprine dosage was halved
      if maternal leucocyte count was at or below the 1SD band (8.6 X 10(9)/l) for
      normal pregnancy. All of the infants were haemotologically normal and two
      patients whose first babies had leucopenia and thrombocytopenia had second babies
      without problems. Analysis of data from all 10 pregnancies still demonstrated a
      significant correlation between cord leucocyte count and maternal leucocyte count
      at delivery but no longer at 32 weeks gestation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3884036
TI  - Ultrasound Doppler flow studies of the ovarian and uterine arteries.
AB  - The feasibility of studying ovarian arterial blood flow has been demonstrated,
      using an ultrasonic method combining real-time imaging and pulsed Doppler (the
      'duplex' method). Results using a percutaneous full-bladder technique were
      validated by comparison with use of an ultrasound probe applied directly to the
      arteries at laparotomy. The ovarian arteries demonstrated qualitatively and
      quantitatively distinct flow patterns compared with the internal and external
      iliac arteries. From recorded waveforms a pulsatility index (PI) reflecting
      vascular impedance was calculated. The PI was found to be lower, indicating
      increased blood flow, in the artery supplying the ovary carrying the dominant
      follicle or corpus luteum. Serial studies suggest that this change occurs at an
      early stage of the menstrual cycle, possibly before the dominant follicle can be
      recognized by its size or increased hormone production. Uterine arterial flow was
      also detectable, more accurately abdominally than vaginally, and the changes
      typical of late pregnancy were already found to be present, though to a lesser
      degree, in the first trimester.

PMID- 3884037
TI  - Assessment of immunological techniques in the diagnosis and prognosis of ocular
      malignant melanoma.
AB  - Tests of cell mediated immunity (one and two stage leucocyte migration inhibition
      assays) and humoural immunity (membrane immunofluorescence and serum effects on
      leucocyte migration) were done with leucocytes and sera from 36 patients with
      uveal melanoma, five with conjunctival melanoma, 21 with non-malignant ocular
      disease, and 189 with cutaneous melanoma. Cell mediated reactivity with melanoma
      extracts and serum reactivity with cultured melanoma cells were significantly
      more frequent in the melanoma patients, but control donor reactivity was also
      relatively high. Maximum reactivity was found with cells or serum from those
      patients in whom, on pathological examination, the intraocular melanoma had
      penetrated the sclera and in patients with conjunctival melanoma. Maximum
      separation of melanoma patients from control donors was achieved by consideration
      of the results of several tests done simultaneously. These immunopathological
      studies were made during the period from 1972 to 1978. At follow-up in 1983 four
      of the five patients suffering from conjunctival melanoma had died from
      metastases, and 10 of the 36 with uveal melanoma had died from metastatic
      disease. The immunological reactions, while of some value in separating melanoma
      patients from those without melanoma, did not predict whether a particular
      patient with uveal melanoma would die of metastatic disease or would survive.

PMID- 3884039
TI  - Comparison of eubacterial and eukaryotic 5S RNA structures: a chemical
      modification study.
AB  - The 5S RNAs from Bacillus stearothermophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were
      probed by nucleotide-specific reagents, with a view to compare and contrast their
      higher order structures. The progressive unfolding of the RNAs during heating, in
      the presence and absence of magnesium, was monitored. Evidence was provided for
      the double-helical segments which occur in the secondary structural models of
      both RNAs. The results also placed constraints on the possible structuring of the
      remainder of the RNA and yielded some insight into ways of folding up the
      molecule. Together with the data from our earlier studies, employing
      ribonucleases, these results provide a detailed picture of the structuring and
      topography of the 5S RNAs. The main structural differences between the
      eubacterial and eukaryotic RNAs occur throughout the loop D/helix IV/loop E/helix
      V arm; in particular strong evidence is provided for loop D of the eukaryotic RNA
      being involved in a tertiary interaction.

PMID- 3884038
TI  - Pre-enucleation irradiation of uveal melanoma.
AB  - The relative efficacy of various types of treatment in preventing metastatic
      uveal melanoma is unclear. We have performed a phase I-II non-randomised trial to
      determine if patients with large (greater than 15 mm in diameter or greater than
      5 mm in thickness) uveal melanomas would benefit from pre-enucleation
      irradiation. Twenty-eight patients were treated between 1978 and 1983 by means of
      5 X 5 cm anterior wedge pair ports on a 4 me V linear accelerator. Each patient
      received five 4 gray (400 rad) fractions over a five-day period for a total of 20
      Gy. Enucleation was performed by a single surgeon within five days after
      treatment. The mean follow-up of the patients was 24 months (range 7-54 months).
      All melanomas were histologically confirmed. Four patients (14%) have developed
      metastatic tumour with a mean interval between diagnosis and death of 25 months.
      No significant perioperative or long-term morbidity was observed.

PMID- 3884040
TI  - Influence of cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate on reversible high-pressure
      denaturation of isolated beta 2 dimer of tryptophan synthase bienzyme complex
      from Escherichia coli.
AB  - High hydrostatic pressure has been shown to cause reversible dissociation of the
      isolated apo beta 2 dimer of tryptophan synthase from Escherichia coli into
      enzymatically inactive monomers [Seifert, T., Bartholmes, P., & Jaenicke, R.
      (1982) Biophys. Chem. 15, 1-8]. Addition of the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
      affects the structural stability, as well as the kinetics of dissociation and
      deactivation. The apo beta 2 dimer is deactivated faster than the holoenzyme by a
      factor of 10. The midpoints of the corresponding equilibrium transition curves
      are observed at 690 and 870 bar, respectively. As shown by hybridization of
      native and chemically modified beta chains, the loss of enzymatic activity is
      accompanied by subunit dissociation. An additional deactivating effect is
      produced by the pressure-induced release of the cofactor from the holoenzyme.
      Renaturation after decompression has been monitored by circular dichroism and
      intrinsic fluorescence emission. Alterations of the dichroic absorption at 222 nm
      reflect the recovery of the native secondary structure, while tryptophan
      fluorescence represents a specific probe for the native tertiary structure in the
      immediate neighborhood of the active center of the enzyme. By application of both
      methods to monitor the reconstitution of the apo beta 2 dimer, two first-order
      processes may be separated along the time scale. The faster phase (k1 = 1.2 X 10(
      2) s-1) yields a "structured monomer" with 85% native secondary structure and the
      tryptophan side chain buried in its native hydrophobic environment. As indicated
      by sodium borohydride reduction, this intermediate is able to interact with the
      coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in the correct way; however, it does not show
      enzymatic activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3884041
TI  - Orientation of ferrochelatase in bovine liver mitochondria.
AB  - The orientation of ferrochelatase (protoheme ferro-lyase, EC 4.99.1.1), the
      terminal enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway, was examined in bovine liver
      mitochondria. The ability of a membrane-impermeable sulfhydryl reagent, 4,4'
      dimaleimidylstilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, to inactivate ferrochelatase in intact
      or disrupted mitochondria and mitoplasts was examined. Using succinate
      dehydrogenase as an internal marker, it was found that ferrochelatase was
      inactivated only in disrupted mitochondria and mitoplasts, suggesting an internal
      location for the active site of the enzyme. In addition, antibodies raised
      against purified ferrochelatase were found to inhibit activity only in disrupted
      but not in intact mitoplasts. These data demonstrate that in bovine liver
      mitochondria ferrochelatase is located on the matrix side of the inner
      mitochondrial membrane. Data obtained with the membrane-impermeable amino reagent
      isethionyl acetimidate indicate that ferrochelatase physically spans the inner
      mitochondrial membrane with portions of the protein exposed on both sides of the
      membrane.

PMID- 3884042
TI  - Kinetics of homologous pairing promoted by RecA protein: effects of ends and
      internal sites in DNA.
AB  - When recA protein was preincubated with single-stranded DNA in the presence of an
      ATP-regenerating system prior to the addition of homologous duplex DNA, a slow
      presynaptic step was eliminated, and the subsequent homologous pairing was
      revealed as a reaction whose rate exceeds by 1 or 2 orders of magnitude the
      calculated rate of spontaneous renaturation in 0.15 M NaCl at Tm -25 degrees C.
      The pairing reaction displayed saturation kinetics with respect to both single
      stranded and double-stranded DNA, indicating the existence of a rate-limiting
      enzyme-substrate complex. The signal observed in the assay of the pairing
      reaction was due to pairing at free homologous ends of the duplex DNA, as well as
      pairing in the middle of the duplex molecule, away from a free end. The apparent
      rate of pairing of circular single strands with linear duplex DNA was equal to
      the sum of the rates of pairing at sites located at either end of the duplex DNA
      or at interior sites, but the apparent rates attributable to ends were greater,
      and nicks also stimulated the apparent rate.

PMID- 3884043
TI  - Ribosome structure: binding site of macrolides studied by photoaffinity labeling.
AB  - The macrolide antibiotics carbomycin A, niddamycin, and tylosin have been
      radioactively labeled by reducing their aldehyde group at the C-18 position.
      Dihydro derivatives with specific activities around 2.5 Ci/mmol can be obtained
      that, although partially affected in their activity, still bind to the ribosomes
      with high affinity. The presence in the chemical structure of these antibiotics
      of alpha-beta-unsaturated ketone groups makes them photochemically reactive, and
      by irradiation above 300 nm, covalent incorporation of the radioactive dihydro
      derivatives into ribosomes has been achieved. The covalent binding seems to take
      place at the specific binding sites for macrolides as deduced from binding
      saturation studies and competition experiments with unmodified drugs. Analysis of
      the ribosomal components labeled by the drugs indicated that most radioactivity
      is associated with the proteins L27, L2, and L28 when 50S subunits are labeled,
      and with L27, L2, L32/33, S9, and S12 in the case of 70S ribosomes. These results
      agree well with a model of macrolides' mode of action that assumes an interaction
      of the drug at the peptidyl transferase P site that would block the exit channel
      for the growing peptide chain.

PMID- 3884044
TI  - Interaction of hydrophobic bis (D-mannose) derivatives with adipocyte and
      erythrocyte sugar transport systems.
AB  - The inhibition of sugar uptake by a series of hydrophobic bis(D-mannose)
      derivatives has been measured in rat adipocytes. When the D-mannose moieties of
      the bis compounds are separated by a hexane bridge the transport inhibition
      constant (Ki) is greater than for a decane-bridged molecule. This is probably due
      to the increased hydrophobicity of the bridge of the decane-bridged compound. The
      enhancement in affinity due to the second sugar in the bis(D-mannose) derivatives
      is probably only 2-fold, since half reduction of the bis(D-mannosyloxy)hexane
      increases Ki approx. 2-3-fold. N'-DNP-1,3-bis(D-mannos-4'-yloxy)propyl-2-amine
      has very high affinity in insulin-treated cells. The affinity is approx. 1000
      fold higher than for D-mannose. This enhancement is probably due to the
      hydrophobicity of the DNP group. The distance from the sugar to the hydrophobic
      group is important because an increase in Ki occurs if an aminocaproyl spacer is
      introduced between the DNP group and 1,3-bis(D-mannos-4'-yloxy)propyl-2-amine.
      Aminocaproyl and glycyl spacers also increase the Ki for NAP derivatives of 1,3
      bis(D-mannos-4'-yloxy)propyl-2-amine. Each of the hydrophobic bis(D-mannose)
      derivatives has a lower Ki in insulin-treated cells. This may be due to an
      insulin responsive hydrophobic interaction between the hydrophobic portion of the
      sugar and a hydrophobic domain in the transport system. The inhibition constants
      for the hydrophobic bis(D-mannose) compounds have also been measured in human
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 3884045
TI  - Sialoglycoproteins and sialoglycolipids contribute to the negative surface charge
      of epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - Epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi have a net negative
      surface charge, as determined by direct measurement of the mean cellular
      electrophoretic mobility. Treatment of the parasites with neuraminidase reduces
      by 17 and 52% the mean electrophoretic mobility of epimastigote and bloodstream
      trypomastigote forms, respectively. Neuraminidase-treated cells recover their
      normal electrophoretic mobility if incubated for 2 h in the presence of fresh
      culture medium. The recovering process of epimastigotes is almost totally blocked
      by addition of inhibitors of either protein synthesis (puromycin) or N
      glycosidically linked glycoprotein synthesis (tunicamycin). The recovering
      process of trypomastigotes is not totally inhibited by either puromycin or
      tunicamycin. Treatment of T. cruzi with trypsin reduces by 11 and 40% the mean
      electrophoretic mobility of epimastigote and bloodstream trypomastigote forms.
      Trypsin-treated cells recover their normal electrophoretic mobility if incubated
      for 4 h in fresh culture medium. The recovering process of trypomastigotes is
      partially inhibited by puromycin. The results obtained indicate that
      sialoglycoproteins and sialoglycolipids exist on the surface of T. cruzi, the
      latter being predominant on the surface of trypomastigotes.

PMID- 3884046
TI  - In vitro synthesis and assembly of a 68 kDa outer mitochondrial membrane protein
      from rat liver.
AB  - Outer mitochondrial membrane was purified from rat liver. Its constituent
      proteins were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by
      electrophoretic immunoblotting employing antibodies raised against total outer
      mitochondrial membrane. Anti-outer mitochondrial membrane antiserum reacted with
      only one polypeptide (15 kDa) in rough microsomes, whereas no immunological cross
      reactivity was observed with other mitochondrial compartments (intermembrane
      space, inner membrane, or matrix) or with lysosomes or total cytosol. The
      antiserum was employed to characterize precursors of outer mitochondrial membrane
      proteins synthesized in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system. One
      product (a 68 kDa polypeptide designated OMM-68) bound efficiently to
      mitochondria in vitro but did not interact with either dog pancreas or rat liver
      microsomes, either co-translationally or post-translationally. OMM-68 was
      synthesized exclusively by the membrane-free class of polyribosomes. Attachment
      of precursor OMM-68 to mitochondria was not accompanied by processing of the
      polypeptide to a different size.

PMID- 3884047
TI  - Age-related changes in enzyme activities, protein content and lipid composition
      of rat kidney brush-border membrane.
AB  - Age-related changes in enzyme activities, protein electrophoretic patterns and
      lipid composition of kidney-brush-border membranes were studied in 10-20- and 30
      month-old male and female Wistar rats. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of
      membrane proteins revealed very little changes with increasing age, whether males
      or females were considered. The Km of three hydrolases - maltase, L
      aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase - were not affected by age while the Vmax
      of maltase and alkaline phosphatase, but not of L-aminopeptidase, decreased from
      10 to 30 months. The phospholipid to protein ratio which remained constant
      between 10 and 20 months, rose in both sexes from 20 to 30 months. In males, the
      cholesterol content of the membrane increased faster than that of phospholipid
      and the cholesterol over phospholipid ratio was then greater at 30 months than at
      10 months, while in females this ratio remained unchanged in the course of aging.
      The fatty acid composition of the brush-border remained more or less constant
      with age in female rat whereas in the male, a 10% decrease in the proportion of
      arachidonic acid from 10 to 30 months was responsible for a lower unsaturation
      index.

PMID- 3884048
TI  - Generation of multiple forms of methionyl-tRNA synthetase from the multi-enzyme
      complex of mammalian aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases by endogenous proteolysis.
AB  - Methionyl-tRNA synthetase occurs free and as high-molecular-weight multi-enzyme
      complexes in rat liver. The free form is purified to near homogeneity by
      conventional column chromatography and affinity chromatography on tRNA-Sepharose.
      The native molecular weight of free methionyl-tRNA synthetase is 64 500, based on
      its sedimentation coefficient of 4.5 S and Stokes radius of 33 A. The free
      methionyl-tRNA synthetase apparently belongs to alpha-type subunit structure,
      since the subunit molecular weight is 68 000, as determined by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Methionyl-tRNA synthetase is
      dissociated from the high-molecular-weight synthetase complex by controlled
      trypsinization, according to Kellermann, O., Viel, C. and Waller, J.P. (Eur. J.
      Biochem. 88 (1978) 197-204). The dissociated, free methionyl-tRNA synthetase is
      subsequently purified to near homogeneity. The subunit structure of dissociated
      methionyl-tRNA synthetase is identical to that of endogenous free methionyl-tRNA
      synthetase. Anti-serum raised against Mr 104 000 protein in the synthetase
      complex, specifically inhibited methionyl-tRNA synthetase in both the free and
      the high-molecular-weight forms to the same extent. These results suggest that
      the occurrence of multiple forms of methionyl-tRNA synthetases in mammalian cells
      may, in part, be due to proteolytic cleavage.

PMID- 3884049
TI  - Regulation of palmitoyl-CoA chain elongation and linoleoyl-CoA chain elongation
      in rat liver microsomes and the differential effects of peroxisome proliferators,
      insulin and thyroid hormone.
AB  - Treatment of rats with p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (clofibric acid), 2,2'
      (decamethylenedithio)diethanol, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate or acetylsalicylic acid
      caused an increase in activity of palmitoyl-CoA chain elongation in hepatic
      microsomes. The activity of palmitoyl-CoA chain elongation decreased in both
      hypothyroid-state and diabetic-state rats, increased in hyperthyroid-state rats
      and did not change in adrenalectomized rats. The administration of clofibric acid
      to these rats in an altered hormonal state caused an increase in the activity of
      palmitoyl-CoA chain elongation, but no additional increase in the activity was
      observed with treatment of hyperthyroid rats with clofibric acid. The activity of
      linoleoyl-CoA chain elongation did not respond to the changes in either the
      nutritional conditions or the hormonal state of insulin so sensitively as the
      activity of palmitoyl-CoA chain elongation. The treatment of rats with
      triiodothyronine caused a marked increase in the activity of linoleoyl-CoA chain
      elongation; nevertheless, the activity of linoleoyl-CoA chain elongation was not
      changed by the treatment of rats with clofibric acid. The results suggest that
      rat liver microsomes contain at least two fatty acid chain elongation systems and
      that these chain elongation systems are regulated differently by hormones and
      drugs.

PMID- 3884050
TI  - A resonance Raman study on the interaction of rifampicin with Escherichia coli
      RNA polymerase.
AB  - The technique of resonance Raman spectroscopy has been used to investigate the
      interaction of the antibiotic rifampicin with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase.
      Spectra were analyzed by generating the first derivative of each recorded
      spectrum using the Savitsky-Golay algorithm. The only band that shifted
      significantly in the resonance Raman spectrum of rifampicin upon the formation of
      the drug-core polymerase complex was the amide III band. It underwent an 8 cm-1
      shift from 1306 cm-1 in aqueous solution to 1314 cm-1. A comparable shift was
      observed for the rifampicin-holoenzyme complex. Thus, the interaction of the
      sigma subunit with the core polymerase does not significantly alter the manner in
      which rifampicin interacts with RNA polymerase. The nature of this shift has been
      analyzed further by recording the resonance Raman spectrum of rifampicin in a
      variety of solvents with different hydrogen-bonding solvents (benzene and carbon
      disulfide) the amide III band was observed at approximately 1220 cm-1; in
      dimethyl sulfoxide, a weak hydrogen-bond acceptor, 1274 cm-1; in water, a strong
      hydrogen-bonding solvent, 1306 cm-1; and finally, in triethylamine, a stronger
      hydrogen-bonding solvent than water, it was observed at 1314 cm-1. Thus, as the
      hydrogen-bonding ability of the solvent increased, the amide III band shifted to
      higher frequency. Based on these results, the rifampicin binding site in RNA
      polymerase provides a stronger hydrogen-bonding environment for the amidic proton
      of rifampicin than is encountered when rifampicin is free in aqueous solution.

PMID- 3884051
TI  - Affinity and hydrophobic chromatography of Escherichia coli aspartate
      transcarbamoylase.
AB  - Chromatography of aspartate transcarbamoylase from Escherichia coli on agarose
      immobilized dyes and alkyl-agaroses of differing carbon length were investigated.
      The bacterial aspartate transcarbamoylase was bound by Procoin red HE3B-agarose
      and Cibacron blue F3GA-agarose nearly completely under the conditions chosen
      relative to other agarose-coupled dyes. The aspartate transcarbamoylase
      holoenzyme was eluted from the Procion red HE3B-agarose slightly later than from
      the Cibacron blue F3GA-agarose during salt gradient elution. The catalytic trimer
      of the enzyme as well as its regulatory dimer were eluted by a lower salt
      concentration from both dye-agarose gels than the concentration required to elute
      the holoenzyme. The interaction of the catalytic trimer with the Procion red HE3B
      agarose and Cibacron blue F3GA-agarose gels may be a determinant in the
      holoenzyme being retained on these resins. Of those alkyl-agaroses tested, the
      ethyl-, propyl- and hexyl-agarose gels bound the majority of aspartate
      transcarbamoylase activity. Chromatography of aspartate transcarbamoylase on
      ethyl-agarose found it to be eluted by a low salt concentration. A purification
      scheme for relatively small amounts of aspartate transcarbamoylase utilizing
      Procion red HE3B-agarose and ethyl-agarose is presented. This purification scheme
      is particularly useful for mutant versions of aspartate transcarbamoylase which
      cannot be purified by literature procedures.

PMID- 3884052
TI  - [A factor which modifies the interaction of steroids with glucocorticoid
      receptors].
AB  - A mechanism which determines the difference in the ability of deoxycorticosterone
      (DOC) to inhibit the binding of 3H-triamcinolone acetonide (3H-TA) to
      glucocorticoid receptors of rat heart and liver cytosols was investigated. DOC
      was found to strongly inhibit the binding of 3H-TA by heart cytosol, but to exert
      only a slight inhibitory effect towards the live cytosol binding. This difference
      was not due to the influence of the enzymes sensitive to molybdate ions, the
      presence of DOC-degrading enzymes or contamination of liver cytosol by blood
      serum. The liver cytosol devoid of the glucocorticoid receptor activity by
      heating was found to contain a factor modifying the "in vitro" interaction of DOC
      with the heart cytosol glucocorticoid receptors (receptor modifying factor, RMF).
      This factor is coeluted with the high molecular weight fraction during gel
      filtration, is precipitated at 50-70% ammonium sulphate saturation, can be
      absorbed by DEAE-Sephacel from cytosol at pH 7.4 under hypotonic conditions and
      extracted at about 0.06 M KC1. The sensitivity to proteases and the lack of
      sensitivity to nucleases point to the proteinic nature of the factor. It was
      assumed that in terms of the interaction of some steroids with glucocorticoid
      receptors, the tissue specificity can, at least partly, be explained by the
      differences in RMF concentration.

PMID- 3884053
TI  - [DNA methylase activity in E. coli cells infected by T5 bacteriophage].

PMID- 3884054
TI  - Effect of ritodrine on the maternal and fetal endocrine pancreas of the rat.
AB  - Pregnant Wistar rats received four high-dose intramuscular injections of
      ritodrine per day during the last 6 days of pregnancy. The injections provoked an
      immediate but transient increase in plasma insulin level, without affecting the
      plasma glucose concentration. At the end of the treatment, the morphology of the
      endocrine pancreas and the ultrastructure of the B cells of the ritodrine-treated
      mothers were similar to those of the control mothers. No lasting influence of the
      treatment was seen in the fetuses of these rats: body weights, blood glucose and
      insulin levels, morphology of the endocrine pancreas and ultrastructure of the B
      cells were all normal.

PMID- 3884055
TI  - Influence of environmental temperature on glucose tolerance and insulin response
      in the new-born piglet.
AB  - Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were measured in 45 new-born piglets
      both before and at regular intervals throughout a 2-hour period following an
      intravenous administration of glucose (1 g/kg body weight), at environmental
      temperatures of 17, 24 and 33 degrees C. As anticipated, rectal temperature (TR
      was dependent upon the environmental temperature. During the glucose tolerance
      test (GTT), TR remained constant at both 24 and 33 degrees C, 37.0 +/- 0.2
      compared with 38.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C. However at 17 degrees C, 12 piglets were
      able to maintain a constant TR (35.8 +/- 0.2 degrees C), whereas the remaining 6
      piglets became hypothermic (32.8 +/- 0.4 degrees C), with TR decreasing
      continuously throughout the GTT. Their body weight was 210 g below that of the
      other piglets (p less than 0.05). Those piglets at 17 and 24 degrees C which
      maintained homeothermy had a higher glucose disappearance rate (KG; 2.00 and
      2.31%/min, respectively) than those kept within thermal neutrality (1.66%/min).
      The insulin response to glucose was similar. During hypothermia, on the other
      hand, both KG (0.76 +/- 0.12%/min) and the insulin response were significantly
      less (p less than 0.05) than in all other piglets. These results indicate that
      the glucose uptake by the skeletal muscle is increased in cold-exposed,
      normothermic piglets and results in an increased metabolic rate. Failure to
      maintain homeothermy diminishes glucose uptake and inhibits insulin release.

PMID- 3884056
TI  - Bromocriptine-related psychosis and treatment.

PMID- 3884057
TI  - Fenfluramine and chronic schizophrenia.

PMID- 3884059
TI  - Recombinant alpha-2-interferon for hairy cell leukemia.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with hairy cell leukemia were treated with biosynthetic
      (recombinant) alpha-2-interferon in an open-label, single-arm efficacy study.
      Patients received 2 X 10(6) U/m2 recombinant alpha-2-interferon three times
      weekly. Therapy was well tolerated subjectively with minimal short-term
      hematologic toxicity. Two patients had bacterial infections during the period of
      study, and one patient experienced a short-lived readily reversible rejection of
      a corneal transplant. Statistical comparison of the mean hematologic indices at
      study entry and after three to six months of therapy with recombinant alpha-2
      interferon indicates a significant improvement in hemoglobin, granulocyte, and
      platelet counts. Bone marrow biopsies in six of 14 patients after six months of
      therapy showed a greater than 50% decrease in the infiltration of leukemia cells.
      We conclude that recombinant alpha-2-interferon is highly effective therapy for
      hairy cell leukemia.

PMID- 3884058
TI  - Bursting, beating, and chaos in an excitable membrane model.
AB  - We have studied periodic as well as aperiodic behavior in the self-sustained
      oscillations exhibited by the Hodgkin-Huxley type model of Chay, T. R., and J.
      Keizer (Biophys. J., 1983, 42:181-190) for the pancreatic beta-cell. Numerical
      solutions reveal a variety of patterns as the glucose-dependent parameter kCa is
      varied. These include regimes of periodic beating (continuous spiking) and
      bursting modes and, in the transition between these modes, aperiodic responses.
      Such aperiodic behavior for a nonrandom system has been called deterministic
      chaos and is characterized by distinguishing features found in previous studies
      of chaos in nonbiophysical systems and here identified for an (endogenously
      active) excitable membrane model. To parallel the successful analysis of chaos in
      other physical/chemical contexts we introduce a simplified, but quantitative, one
      variable, discrete-time representation of the dynamics. It describes the
      evolution of intracellular calcium (which activates a potassium conductance) from
      one spike upstroke to the next and exhibits the various modes of behavior.

PMID- 3884060
TI  - Monoclonal antibody definition of T cell acute leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology
      Group study.
AB  - Leukemic blasts from 774 children with newly diagnosed acute lymphocytic leukemia
      (ALL) have been phenotyped by microcytotoxicity testing with a panel of
      monoclonal antibodies and heteroantisera as part of a Pediatric Oncology Group
      classification study of acute leukemia. One hundred twenty-two cases, or 16% were
      designated as T cell leukemia based on the reactivity of blast cells with
      previously well-characterized antisera (PT) against a T lymphocyte-associated
      antigen. Using this antisera-based definition as a standard, we looked for a
      monoclonal antibody combination that would be a suitable substitute. An algorithm
      calling for reactivity with either monoclonal antibody 3A1 or Leu-1 was a 92%
      sensitive and 97% specific predictor of PT reactivity. Only 27 of 755 cases of
      leukemia were incorrectly classified using this algorithm. Subsequently, Ficoll
      Hypaque-separated bone marrow cells from 118 additional patients with ALL (21 of
      whom had T cell ALL) were stained by immunofluorescence using a combination of
      directly fluoresceinated 3A1 and Leu-1. Reactivity of 20% or more of the cells
      with this antibody combination was a 100% sensitive and 94% specific indicator of
      T cell ALL defined by PT positivity; with a higher cutoff value for positive
      values, or the use of supplemental tests, even this small number of false
      positives could be eliminated. We conclude that this monoclonal antibody
      combination is a satisfactory replacement for our heteroantisera definition of T
      cell ALL.

PMID- 3884061
TI  - Failure of autologous marrow reconstitution after cytolytic treatment of marrow
      with anti-Ia monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Hematopoietic stem cell toxicity of the murine monoclonal antibody 7.2,
      recognizing Ia-like antigens on canine cells, was tested in an autologous bone
      marrow transplantation model. Dogs were given 9.2 Gy of total body irradiation
      followed by the infusion of autologous marrow treated by one of two methods to
      remove Ia+ cells. In six dogs, the marrow cells were pelleted, treated with
      antibody 7.2 (1:1,000) and rabbit complement (1:4), resuspended in culture
      medium, and infused. All six dogs had prompt and sustained engraftment surviving
      greater than 26 days. Indirect immunofluorescence showed, however, that the
      depletion of Ia+ cells was incomplete. Four dogs received marrow cells first
      separated by density gradient centrifugation and then treated with an excess of
      antibody 7.2 and two cycles of undiluted rabbit complement. None of these dogs,
      surviving 17 to 22 days, had sustained engraftment. With antibody 7.2 used as the
      marker, only one dog had detectable residual Ia+ cells (0.9%) after treatment.
      Dogs receiving marrow cells obtained by density gradient centrifugation without
      additional manipulation, or with subsequent treatment with complement only or
      with complement and an antibody (DT-2) directed at a subpopulation of T cells,
      engrafted promptly and completely. We conclude that Ia+ bone marrow cells are
      essential for the successful engraftment of transplanted marrow in dogs.

PMID- 3884062
TI  - Effect of a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist given during
      combination chemotherapy on posttherapy fertility in male patients with lymphoma:
      preliminary observations.
AB  - Six men undergoing potentially curative chemotherapy for advanced lymphomas
      received daily injections (50 micrograms) of an analogue of luteinizing hormone
      releasing hormone (LH-RHa) in an attempt to protect posttreatment gonadal
      function. The median duration of combined LH-RHa-chemotherapy administration was
      25 weeks (range, 14 to 31 weeks). During the simultaneous administration of LH
      RHa and chemotherapy, plasma testosterone levels decreased to subnormal levels,
      while both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone levels
      declined to the lower limit of normal. All subjects became oligospermic or
      azoospermic within eight weeks of starting treatment. Following discontinuation
      of chemotherapy and LH-RHa, both plasma testosterone and LH promptly increased
      and stabilized within the normal range. FSH progressively increased to a level
      well above the normal range. Only one patient has recovered evidence of active
      spermatogenesis at 84 weeks postcessation of chemotherapy. No untoward side
      effects due to LH-RHa were experienced. Although LH-RHa can be administered
      safely during combination chemotherapy, no improvement in posttreatment fertility
      has yet been demonstrated.

PMID- 3884063
TI  - Utilization of a colony assay to assess the variables influencing elimination of
      leukemic cells from human bone marrow with monoclonal antibodies and complement.
AB  - We have previously used a chromium-release assay to demonstrate that the cocktail
      of monoclonal antibodies BA-1, BA-2, BA-3, and complement can effectively lyse
      human leukemic cells in the presence of excess bone marrow. Using a leukemic cell
      colony assay, we have reinvestigated the variables influencing lysis of human
      leukemic cells (KM-3, HPB-NULL, NALM-6) in bone marrow using BA-1, BA-2, BA-3,
      and complement. Specific variables addressed included the concentration of excess
      bone marrow cells, the number of treatments, the presence or absence of DNase
      during the treatment, the combination of antibodies, and the sensitivity of
      different leukemic cell lines to lysis. Using the colony assay, the BA-1,2,3
      cocktail was shown to be more effective than any single antibody or combination
      of two antibodies. We also determined that the concentration of excess bone
      marrow cells and number of treatments had a direct bearing on leukemic cell
      lysis. Although two cycles of treatment were significantly superior to one cycle,
      three cycles were not significantly superior to two cycles. Inclusion of DNase
      (10 micrograms/mL) was a critical adjunct that eliminated clumping and
      facilitated plating cells in the colony assay. Finally, we could show that
      striking differences existed in the sensitivity of the leukemic cell lines to
      lysis with the BA-1,2,3 cocktail and complement. NALM-6 cells were the most
      sensitive (approximately four logs of kill), and KM-3 cells were the most
      resistant (less than two logs of kill). Our results strongly support the utility
      of sensitive leukemic cell colony assays in the analysis of marrow treatment
      variables in autologous bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 3884064
TI  - Intensive cytotoxic therapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation
      for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of high-grade malignancy.
AB  - Fourteen patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of high-grade malignancy were
      treated with cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation followed by autologous
      bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). All patients were pretreated with
      conventional chemotherapy. Three of four patients with drug-resistant disease
      achieved complete remission (CR), but relapse occurred within six months. Four
      patients in partial remission (PR) achieved CR; one died because of sepsis, two
      relapsed within six months, and one is still in CR 28+ months later. Six were
      treated in CR, five in first CR, and one in second CR. From these six patients
      (who received this treatment as consolidation therapy), five are in unmaintained
      CR seven to 31+ months after ABMT (one patient died of a secondary illness).
      There were two therapy-related deaths, both in patients with a poor clinical
      condition. Toxicity of this treatment was mild for those receiving transplants
      who were in better condition. These preliminary results suggest that intensive
      cytoreductive therapy followed by ABMT may improve disease-free survival in
      patients in NHL of high-grade malignancy in CR.

PMID- 3884065
TI  - Fatty acids and phospholipids of membranes isolated from Escherichia coli growing
      in a medium with parathion.

PMID- 3884066
TI  - Lead in tissues of cats fed pine voles from lead arsenate-treated orchards.

PMID- 3884067
TI  - Biodegradation of crystal violet (hexamethyl-p-rosaniline chloride) by oxidative
      red yeasts.

PMID- 3884068
TI  - Aminophylline and the respiratory muscles.

PMID- 3884069
TI  - Respiration during sleep during growth: physiology and pathology.

PMID- 3884070
TI  - Hospital libraries in the United States: historical antecedents.
AB  - The hospital health sciences library of today that reaches out to the world
      knowledge base through electronic networks bears little resemblance to its
      forebears. Yet to understand the challenges and future directions of the hospital
      library it is necessary to examine how it began and how it has evolved in more
      than 200 years. This paper identifies five developmental periods in which major
      strides were made: the colonial years through the 19th century; World War I to
      the Great Depression; World War II and the 1950s; the 1960s--the Great Society
      and the Medical Library Assistance Act; and the 1970s, an era of growth for
      hospital libraries.

PMID- 3884071
TI  - Hospital library surveys for management and planning: past and future directions.
AB  - Since the survey of health sciences libraries by the American Medical Association
      in 1969, a number of other hospital library surveys have been conducted. Twelve
      hospital/health sciences library surveys published since the passage of the
      Medical Library Assistance Act are reviewed. The use of data from these surveys
      for management and planning is discussed and directions for future library survey
      development are suggested.

PMID- 3884072
TI  - Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the human foetoplacental
      vascular bed.
AB  - Pressor effects of angiotensin I (AI) and angiotensin II (AII) on the human
      foetoplacental vasculature were compared in dual-perfused term placental
      cotyledons in which foetoplacental perfusion pressure was monitored. Arterial
      injections of 1 nmol doses of AI and AII caused marked increases in perfusion
      pressure; the mean pressor response to AI was 92.9 +/- 5.8% (mean +/- s.e. mean)
      of the AII response. The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril at 2.2
      microM reversibly reduced the AI response to 13.7 +/- 3.2% (mean +/- s.e. mean)
      of the AII response, which was unaffected. Saralasin, an AII receptor blocker, at
      94 nM reversibly antagonized both AI-and AII-induced increases in foetoplacental
      perfusion pressure. It is concluded that foetoplacental vasoconstriction elicited
      by AI is due to its conversion to AII by angiotensin-converting enzyme present in
      the foetoplacental bed.

PMID- 3884074
TI  - Formation of prostanoids during intravascular complement activation in the
      rabbit.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-oxo-PGF1 alpha) and
      thromboxane B2 (TXB2) were measured by radioimmunoassay in arterial blood before
      and after injections of the complement activator, cobra venom factor (CVF).
      During the control period, the concentration of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, which gives the
      sum of prostacyclin plus 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, and TXB2 were, respectively, less than
      20 pg ml-1 and 70 +/- 15 pg ml-1. Intravenous injections of CVF induced dose
      dependent, reversible elevations in the plasma levels of both prostanoids. The
      time courses for the increases of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 paralleled the
      arterial hypotension and thrombocytopenia, suggesting the existence of a causal
      relationship between these parameters. The results further support our hypothesis
      that complement-dependent formation of arachidonic acid metabolites contributes
      to some of the haemodynamic and haematological changes occurring during endotoxin
      shock.

PMID- 3884073
TI  - Pharmacological effects of (+/-)-11-deoxy, 16-phenoxy-prostaglandin E1
      derivatives in the cardiovascular system.
AB  - M&B 28,767 [(+/-)-11-deoxy-16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor prostaglandin E1] and
      a series of close analogues have been compared with U-46619 [(15S)-hydroxy-11
      alpha, 9 alpha-(epoxymethano)-prosta-(5Z,13E)-dienoic acid] for prostaglandin
      endoperoxide-like pharmacological actions in vitro and in vivo. M&B 28,767 caused
      powerful dose-related contraction of rabbit aorta (EC50: 2.0 microM) and
      mesenteric artery (EC50: 0.2 microM) strips in vitro, but was less active than U
      46619 and/or noradrenaline. M&B 28,767 induced rapid and irreversible aggregation
      of rat (0.9 times potency of U-46619) and human (0.25 times potency of U-46619)
      platelets in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in vitro. Intravenous administration of
      M&B 28,767 to urethane-allobarbitone anaesthetized rats produced immediate and
      dose-related thrombocytopoenia (equipotent with U-46619), accompanied in some
      animals by transient small pressor effects at low doses (1-2 micrograms kg-1)
      which were not statistically significant and invariably by sharp depressor
      effects at higher doses (3-10 micrograms kg-1). U-46619 caused moderate, but not
      dose-related, pressor effects at all doses tested. Considerable variation in
      potency occurred amongst the thirteen structural analogues of M&B 28,767.
      Platelet aggregatory activity for those members of the 11-deoxy 16-phenoxy-PGE1
      series tested in rat PRP in vitro demonstrated a positive and significant
      correlation with pro-aggregatory activity in vivo and agonist potency on rabbit
      aortic strip in vitro.

PMID- 3884075
TI  - Carbon disulphide exposure affects the response of rat adrenal medulla to
      hypothermia and hypoglycaemia.
AB  - The effects of hypothermia and hypoglycaemia on adrenal catecholamines and
      dopamine-beta-hydroxylase were compared in control and carbon disulphide (CS2)
      exposed rats 24 h after the last of ten daily 4 h inhalation exposures to CS2, 2
      mg 1(-1) air. Animals were either kept in a cold room (0 degrees C) for 210 min
      with or without immobilization or were injected with insulin 100 u kg-1. Before
      these treatments CS2 exposed rats had more dopamine and less adrenaline in their
      adrenals than controls, and CS2 exposure also elevated the adrenal synthesis of
      catecholamines. Cold with immobilization or insulin treatment depressed the
      adrenal adrenaline content and increased the plasma concentrations of
      noradrenaline and adrenaline. There were no consistent differences between
      control and CS2 exposed rats. The adrenal dopamine content increased during cold
      exposure with immobilization or after insulin treatment both in CS2 exposed and
      control rats. The increase was smaller in CS2 exposed rats but the final dopamine
      values were nearly identical in the two groups. Exposure to cold (without
      immobilization) increased the adrenal dopamine content and the rate of
      catecholamine synthesis in control, but not in CS2 exposed rats. The increase in
      controls was less than the difference between the pre-cold exposure values of
      control and CS2 exposed rats. It is concluded that the elevation of adrenal
      dopamine content and catecholamine synthesis in CS2 exposed rats satisfy part of
      the demand placed on the adrenal medulla by hypothermia and hypoglycaemia.
      Consequently the changes induced by the latter treatments were smaller in CS2
      exposed than in non-exposed rats. Moreover, when CS2 exposed rats were subjected
      to cold stress without immobilization their catecholamine synthesis was higher
      than the level measured in control rats after cold exposure.

PMID- 3884077
TI  - Relaxation and depersonalization.

PMID- 3884076
TI  - Affinity and efficacy of racemic, (+)-, and (-)-methacholine in muscarinic
      inhibition of [3H]-noradrenaline release.
AB  - The right postganglionic sympathetic nerves of rat isolated perfused hearts
      (previously loaded with [3H]-noradrenaline) were stimulated electrically with 10
      trains of 10 pulses at 10 Hz. The inhibition by methacholine of stimulation
      evoked [3H]-noradrenaline overflow into the perfusate (determined in the presence
      of corticosterone, desipramine, phentolamine, and propranolol) was taken as a
      measure for activation of presynaptic muscarinic receptors. The evoked [3H]
      noradrenaline overflow was inhibited by (+)-, racemic, and (-)-methacholine in a
      reversible and concentration-dependent manner. The concentration causing 50%
      inhibition (IC50) was 0.1, 0.26, and 65 microM, respectively, resulting in an
      isomeric potency ratio IC50 (+)/IC50(-) of 650. The dissociation constant KA of
      the (+/-)- or (+)-methacholine-presynaptic receptor complex was determined after
      fractional receptor inactivation according to Furchgott & Bursztyn (1967) with
      phenoxybenzamine or propylbenzilylcholine mustard as irreversible antagonists of
      muscarinic receptors. KA for (-)-methacholine was estimated according to Mackay
      (1966). KA of (+)-, (+/-)-, and (-)-methacholine were 2.5, 4 and 440 microM,
      resulting in an isomeric affinity ratio KA (+)/KA(-) of 180. The discrepancy
      between the isomeric IC50 ratio and the isomeric KA ratio is explained by a
      higher intrinsic efficacy of the (+)-enantiomer compared to the (-)-enantiomer.
      Thus, (+)-methacholine has to occupy fewer receptors to induce a given inhibition
      of release than its antipode as revealed by a plot of fractional receptor
      occupancy vs response. The results show that, in the effector system of
      presynaptic muscarinic inhibition, methacholine enantiomers differ greatly not
      only in affinity for the receptor, but also to some extent in the efficiency of
      signal transmission, and both parameters contribute to the high isomeric potency
      ratio. The activity of the racemate is fully accounted for by the activity of the
      (+)-enantiomer.

PMID- 3884078
TI  - Bereavement.

PMID- 3884079
TI  - "The other half of medicine" and St. Bartholomew's Hospital.

PMID- 3884080
TI  - Leicester ECT trial: results in schizophrenia.
AB  - As part of the Leicester electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) study, the role of ECT
      in schizophrenia was investigated in a double-blind trial. The Present State
      Examination criteria for schizophrenia were fulfilled by 22 patients, of whom 19
      gave consent and entered the trial. Neuroleptic medication was restricted during
      the trial period. Patients were randomly allocated to eight real ECT or eight
      simulated ECT. At the end of the four-week trial period, patients receiving real
      ECT showed a significantly greater improvement when measured on the Montgomery
      Asberg Schizophrenia Scale (MASS), the visual analogue global psychopathology
      scale, and the depression scale. The differences on the MASS and visual analogue
      global psychopathology scale were not due to improvement in depressive symptoms.
      The superiority of real ECT was not demonstrated at the 12- and 28-week follow
      up, when treatment was not controlled.

PMID- 3884081
TI  - Learning disabilities and intelligence test results: a model based on a principal
      components analysis of the WISC-R.
AB  - The unrotated principal components analysis of the WISC-R normative data yields a
      bipolar factor 2 which corresponds to a verbal-non-verbal continuum of test
      material. A review of published WISC-R and WISC data from learning disabled (LD)
      children reveals that the amount of deficit shown by these children on any
      particular subtest is closely proportional to the degree of verbal content, as
      expressed by the factor 2 score coefficient of that subtest. This test-specific
      effect was found to be very much greater in LD boys than in LD girls.

PMID- 3884082
TI  - The current status of mucosal proctectomy and ileo-anal anastomosis in the
      surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis and adenomatous polyposis.

PMID- 3884083
TI  - Surgical pathology at early elective operation for suspected acute gallstone
      pancreatitis: preliminary report of a prospective clinical trial.
AB  - Fifty-five patients presenting with acute abdominal symptoms and found to be
      hyperamylasaemic underwent early biliary tract investigation, giving 31 patients
      in whom the presence of gallstones was suspected. In accordance with the protocol
      of a randomized controlled trial of early elective biliary tract surgery for
      patients suspected of having acute gallstone pancreatitis, 19 of these patients
      underwent laparotomy at a mean of 6.9 days after emergency admission. In this
      group operation showed that four patients had biliary tract stones and
      pancreatitis; ten patients had calculous cholecystitis (53 per cent) but no
      stigmata of pancreatitis; four patients had pancreatitis but no stones; one had a
      negative laparotomy. None of this group was found to have ampullary obstruction
      due to an impacted stone. Biliary tract investigations carried out during the
      first week following admission were unhelpful or misleading in 14 out of the
      whole group of 55 patients, and in all of those patients (11 per cent) who died
      or required surgical intervention during the same hospital admission. There
      appears to be a pathological heterogeneity among patients diagnosed as 'gallstone
      pancreatitis' on clinical and biochemical grounds alone.

PMID- 3884084
TI  - A randomized controlled trial of prophylactic cytotoxic chemotherapy in
      potentially curable breast cancer.
AB  - A randomized controlled trial of the value of oral adjuvant cytotoxic
      chemotherapy in the treatment of potentially curable breast cancer has been in
      progress in the Oxford Region since 1977. Eighty-seven patients were allocated to
      treatment with melphalan 0.2 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days every 6 weeks for 2
      years; 98 patients were allocated to treatment with oral combination therapy
      consisting of melphalan 10 mg daily for 5 consecutive days, plus methotrexate 15
      mg and 5-fluorouracil 250 mg on the first day, courses being repeated every 6
      weeks for 2 years; and 88 patients were allocated to a control group which
      received no adjuvant chemotherapy. So far, 125 patients have suffered a
      recurrence of breast cancer and 85 have died. No statistically significant
      differences in outcome are apparent between the three treatment groups, although
      there is some indication of a beneficial effect of chemotherapy on disease-free
      interval in pre-menopausal women. Toxic effects of treatment, notably nausea,
      vomiting and bone marrow depression, have been moderately severe. In our view,
      the beneficial effects of current adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy, if any, are
      too modest to justify the suffering which such treatment can cause at a time when
      a woman with breast cancer might otherwise expect to feel physically well.

PMID- 3884085
TI  - Saphenous-jugular bypass for superior vena caval obstruction.

PMID- 3884086
TI  - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 3884087
TI  - Historical note: Jules Seglas on language in dementia.
AB  - In his book Des troubles du language chez les alienes (1892) Seglas applied the
      model of language processing of his teacher, Charcot, to analyze the language
      disorders of various groups of mentally ill, including patients considered to
      suffer from dementia. Among the language phenomena he described from dementia are
      logorrhea, neologisms, embolalia, near-mutism, angophrasia, automatic speech,
      alexia, and agraphia. Seglas must be credited for his early descriptions of how
      language behaviors cluster in various psychiatric and dementing diseases.

PMID- 3884088
TI  - Kainic acid and penicillin: differential effects on excitatory and inhibitory
      interactions in the CA1 region of the hippocampal slice.
AB  - The effects of kainic acid (KA, 0.05-1.0 microM), and penicillin (PN, 3.4 mM)
      were studied in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices. Three components of the
      overall input/output function were taken: (1) the amplitude of the presynaptic
      compound action potential (prevolley) vs stimulation current applied to Schaffer
      collaterals, (2) the magnitude of the focally recorded synaptic potential
      (population EPSP) vs prevolley amplitude; and (3) the amplitude of the focally
      recorded population spike vs population EPSP magnitude. Recurrent inhibition was
      measured using the antidromic-orthodromic paired pulse method. KA caused a
      significant and reversible enhancement of all 3 component input/output functions
      while having no effect on paired pulse inhibition. PN caused a left shift in the
      EPSP-population spike relationship and decreased or abolished paired pulse
      inhibition; the other two measures of excitability were not changed. These
      results suggest that PN and KA differ fundamentally in the mechanisms by which
      they produce seizures: PN by removing inhibition while not affecting neuronal
      excitability per se; KA by exerting a generalized excitatory effect on neural
      membranes and on synaptic function while leaving recurrent inhibition unchanged.

PMID- 3884090
TI  - Pyruvate carboxylase: an astrocyte-specific enzyme implicated in the
      replenishment of amino acid neurotransmitter pools.
AB  - Pyruvate carboxylase is the predominant anaplerotic enzyme in CNS tissues, and
      thus provides for net utilization of glucose to generate citric acid cycle
      intermediates such as alpha-ketoglutarate and malate for replenishment of the
      neurotransmitter pools of glutamate, GABA and aspartate. Studies reported in this
      paper involving immunocytochemical and biochemical techniques demonstrate: (1)
      the enzyme is localized in astrocytes as visualized by immunofluorescence in
      sections of cerebellum and (2) the enzyme activity in astrocyte-enriched
      populations is 3 X higher than in granule cell-enriched populations isolated from
      the cerebellum; similarly activity in different synaptosomal preparations
      parallels that for glutamine synthetase. We conclude from these results that the
      enzyme pyruvate carboxylase is an astrocyte-specific marker. This localization
      substantiates some recent hypotheses for astrocyte functions, including CO2
      fixation in the CNS and the replenishment of citric acid cycle intermediates by
      astrocytes as precursors for amino acid neurotransmitter pools.

PMID- 3884089
TI  - Evidence for the coexistence of glutamate decarboxylase and Met-enkephalin
      immunoreactivities in axon terminals of rat ventral pallidum.
AB  - Evidence for the coexistence of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and Met-enkephalin
      (Met-Enk) in axon terminals of ventral pallidum was demonstrated by
      colocalization of anti-GAD and anti-Met-Enk immunoreactivities in alternate
      adjacent 1 micron serial sections. Conventional electron microscopy of
      immunostained ventral pallidum confirmed that the immunoreactive structures were
      boutons which made predominantly symmetrical synapses on ventral pallidal cell
      bodies and dendrites.

PMID- 3884091
TI  - Child abuse before Kempe: an historical literature review.
AB  - This literature review traces the recognition of child abuse and ends where many
      texts begin with the publication of Henry Kempe's paper in 1962, where the term,
      "battered child syndrome," was used for the first time. Starting with the first
      known treatise in pediatrics, the review examines evidence produced throughout
      the centuries on the recognition of physical child abuse. Many of the references
      are medical and show how while the early physicians found it easy to accept that
      those caring for children might injure them, by the end of the 19th century, more
      obscure diagnoses were being sought to explain the lesions. However, even during
      the time some physicians were pursuing "scientific" etiologies, there are
      publications that demonstrate a continuing acknowledgment of the problem of child
      abuse. No review of this type can claim to be complete, and the author hopes
      others will be sufficiently interested to seek out further historical references.

PMID- 3884092
TI  - Industrial real estate.

PMID- 3884093
TI  - Computers and the dentist.

PMID- 3884094
TI  - The dentist, the biopsy, and the law.

PMID- 3884095
TI  - Oral health status and needs of the elderly in Quebec.

PMID- 3884096
TI  - The Journal. Fifty years of service.

PMID- 3884097
TI  - Dental school surveys early accreditation at McGill (Dr. Arthur Walsh).

PMID- 3884098
TI  - Fifty years of dentistry--dental techniques--dental equipment.

PMID- 3884099
TI  - Dentistry in Atlantic Canada.

PMID- 3884101
TI  - Dental Interpretation Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alberta.

PMID- 3884100
TI  - Crowning the roots of dentistry. The raison d'etre of dental museums.

PMID- 3884102
TI  - Painless Parker! The beginning (Edgar Randolph Parker).

PMID- 3884103
TI  - Dental public health. Its origins and development in Canada.

PMID- 3884104
TI  - Prosthetic status and needs of the elderly in Quebec.

PMID- 3884105
TI  - [Juvenile periodontitis. An approach to conservative treatment].

PMID- 3884107
TI  - Flying and dentistry. Birds of a feather.

PMID- 3884106
TI  - A mobile dental clinic program as part of the dental curriculum.

PMID- 3884108
TI  - Dismissal for theft.

PMID- 3884109
TI  - Commercial real estate.

PMID- 3884110
TI  - Time for action on pension reform.

PMID- 3884111
TI  - Aspiration of foreign bodies during dental procedures.

PMID- 3884112
TI  - Mercury in dental offices. Survey in Vancouver, B.C.

PMID- 3884113
TI  - Intraoperative localization of intracranial lesions with real time ultrasound.
AB  - High resolution ultrasound has been used intraoperatively on forty-five patients
      with various intracranial lesions. The technique is quickly and easily carried
      out under sterile conditions in the operating room. Successful localization of
      both primary and metastatic tumors of various sizes, depths and consistencies
      have been made prior to extirpation or biopsy. Several of the biopsies were done
      through small burr holes. Arteriovenous malformations, abscesses, bone fragments
      from trauma, gliotic epileptic foci and ventricles for shunt placement have been
      readily found. No significant complications have been encountered. A new
      technique for localizing superficial lesions is described. An overall reduction
      in operating time and unnecessary trauma to the patient has resulted from more
      accurate intraoperative localization of intracranial lesions with real time
      ultrasound.

PMID- 3884115
TI  - Intrauterine hydrocephalus and ventriculomegaly: associated anomalies and fetal
      outcome.
AB  - Advances in fetal diagnostic techniques have opened many areas to prenatal
      anatomical scrutiny. Intrauterine hydrocephalus and ventriculomegaly are
      conditions which are readily diagnosed. Fetal intervention has been undertaken in
      humans in order to minimize the craniofacial disfigurement and to maximize the
      growth potential of the brain. To justify such an approach, the significance of
      all anomalies should be recognized prior to treatment. The authors have reviewed
      41 cases of hydrocephalus diagnosed in utero in order to define associated
      anomalies and patient outcome. 75% of our personal series and 72% of the reviewed
      literature cases had other anomalies of the central nervous system. Other system
      malformations, some of which proved fatal, were seen commonly. Prenatal
      diagnostic techniques did not always reveal these additional problems. The
      outcome of these pregnancies is not good. Approximately one third of these
      fetuses have survived to be treated postnatally and to be followed up clinically.
      Only 7.5% of this series were felt to have attained normal developmental
      milestones. The remainder of the survivors have various focal and/or global
      cerebral deficits.

PMID- 3884114
TI  - A double-blind controlled pilot study of plasma exchange versus sham apheresis in
      chronic progressive multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Twenty patients with chronically progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) were
      randomised in a double-blind controlled study to assess the efficacy of plasma
      exchange therapy. All patients were immunosuppressed with prednisone and
      azathioprine and underwent either plasma exchange or sham apheresis. The 10
      patients in each group were similar in age, sex, duration of disease and degree
      of disability. Clinical and laboratory responses were assessed immediately
      following the course of exchange or sham therapy, and 3 to 6 months later, by
      individuals blinded to the type of therapy administered. Although modest
      improvement was suggested on clinical examination in 7 of 10 patients exchanged
      and 3 of the 10 sham treated group, this was transient and was not accompanied by
      any change in disability status scores. No differences in abnormal laboratory
      investigations were demonstrable between the two patient groups following
      therapy. We conclude that plasma exchange therapy using this protocol is unlikely
      to be of clinical benefit as an adjunct in the management of chronically
      progressive M.S.

PMID- 3884116
TI  - How safe is diagnostic ultrasonography?

PMID- 3884117
TI  - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the elderly: balancing technology with humanity.

PMID- 3884118
TI  - "Osler's sign": pretibial myxedema of Graves' disease.

PMID- 3884119
TI  - Diagnostic testing revisited: pathways through uncertainty.
AB  - To aid physicians who may be having difficulty applying the principles of
      decision analysis to diagnostic data according to the methods published in the
      past several years, the authors of this paper set out a few principles and
      schemes for using and interpreting diagnostic data obtained from dichotomous
      tests. They also present a simple BASIC program for calculating post-test
      probabilities from likelihood ratios and pretest probabilities that a particular
      disease is present in a particular patient; the program can be adapted for use on
      microcomputers.

PMID- 3884121
TI  - Epidemiologic features of diabetes mellitus among Indians in northwestern Ontario
      and northeastern Manitoba.
AB  - This descriptive epidemiologic study of diabetes mellitus among Indians in
      northwestern Ontario and northeastern Manitoba provided estimates of the
      prevalence of diagnosed cases: 28/1000 overall, 46/1000 for those aged 15 to 64
      years and 96/1000 for those aged 65 years and over. Diabetes was more prevalent
      among women than men but was rare in children. More than half of the existing
      cases had been diagnosed within the last 5 years studied (1978-82). Comparisons
      with Canadians nationally and other North American Indian groups were made with
      caution owing to the different methods of case ascertainment. Duration of disease
      and pre-existing hypertension were found to be statistically significant risk
      factors for the development of complications of diabetes in this population.

PMID- 3884120
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging: present and future applications.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has created considerable excitement in the
      medical community, largely because of its great potential to diagnose and
      characterize many different disease processes. However, it is becoming
      increasingly evident that, because MR imaging is similar to computed tomography
      (CT) scanning in identifying structural disorders and because it is more costly
      and difficult to use, this highly useful technique must be judged against CT
      before it can become an accepted investigative tool. At present MR imaging has
      demonstrated diagnostic superiority over CT in a limited number of important,
      mostly neurologic, disorders and is complementary to CT in the diagnosis of
      certain other disorders. For most of the remaining organ systems its usefulness
      is not clear, but the lack of ionizing radiation and MR's ability to produce
      images in any tomographic plane may eventually prove to be advantageous. The
      potential of MR imaging to display in-vivo spectra, multinuclear images and blood
      flow data makes it an exciting investigative technique. At present, however, MR
      imaging units should be installed only in medical centres equipped with the
      clinical and basic research facilities that are essential to evaluate the
      ultimate role of this technique in the care of patients.

PMID- 3884122
TI  - Hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride versus hydrochlorothiazide alone for essential
      hypertension: effects on blood pressure and serum potassium level.
AB  - In a double-blind randomized controlled trial the effects on the blood pressure
      and the serum potassium concentration of hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride
      hydrochloride (Moduret) and hydrochlorothiazide alone were compared in 266 adults
      who were normokalemic and had a diastolic blood pressure greater than 95 mm Hg at
      the time of entry into the study. The mean ages (52.2 and 53.8 years) and the
      proportions of men (66% and 56%) in the groups given the combination drug and
      hydrochlorothiazide alone respectively were similar. In the group given the
      combination drug the mean blood pressure, measured while the patients were
      supine, and the mean serum potassium level fell significantly, from 156/99 to
      138/88 mm Hg and from 4.23 to 3.91 mmol/L, after 8 weeks of treatment. In the
      other group both measures also fell significantly, the blood pressure from 157/99
      to 138/87 mm Hg and the potassium level from 4.16 to 3.69 mmol/L. The proportions
      of patients in the two groups with hypokalemia (14% and 29% respectively),
      defined as a serum potassium level below 3.5 mmol/L, differed significantly (p =
      0.0026), whereas the proportions with a potassium level exceeding 4.5 mmol/L
      (4.5% and 3.9% respectively) were similar. Thus, the combination drug reduced the
      blood pressure to the same extent as hydrochlorothiazide alone but significantly
      less often caused hypokalemia. In light of growing concerns about the
      cardiovascular complications of hypokalemia, hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride
      appears preferable to hydrochlorothiazide alone for the treatment of some
      patients with hypertension.

PMID- 3884123
TI  - Saskatchewan's role in radiotherapy research.

PMID- 3884124
TI  - [The Public Health Laboratory of Quebec...then and now].

PMID- 3884125
TI  - Human serum sickness.

PMID- 3884126
TI  - Emergency anesthesia for asthma patients.

PMID- 3884127
TI  - Anaphylaxis.

PMID- 3884128
TI  - Treatment of recurrent or advanced uterine sarcoma. A randomized trial of
      doxorubicin versus doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (a phase III trial of the
      Gynecologic Oncology Group).
AB  - Recurrent or metastatic uterine sarcoma represents an ominous and aggressive form
      of malignant disease. In an attempt to define a beneficial treatment program, we
      compared treatment with doxorubicin (A) 60 mg/m2 versus a combination of
      doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m (CA), each regimen given every
      3 weeks. Of 132 patients entered on study, 104 were eligible; 50 received A and
      54 CA. Pretreatment characteristics were similar, and no patient had received
      prior chemotherapy. The proportion of complete responses (CR) + partial responses
      (PR) for measurable disease patients was 5 of 26 (19%) for both A and CA.
      Multivariate analysis done on progression-free interval (PFI) and survival (S)
      showed CA to be of no benefit over A (PFI, P = 0.22; S, P = 0.55). For both A and
      CA patients, measurable disease (PFI, P = 0.002; S, P = 0.02, respectively),
      performance status (PFI, P = 0.004; S, P = 0.0002; respectively), and sites of
      residual disease (PFI, P = 0.008; S, P = 0.003, respectively) were detected as
      prognostic variables. Conversely, histologic type, age, and recurrence status
      (primary versus recurrent at entry) were not prognostic indicators. These data
      indicate no significant benefit of CA versus A alone in patients with uterine
      sarcoma.

PMID- 3884129
TI  - Multifocal aggressive lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract in a renal
      transplant patient treated with cyclosporin A and prednisone.
AB  - This is a case report of an aggressive multifocal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a
      cadaver kidney recipient arising in the early phase of her immunosuppressive
      maintenance therapy program with cyclosporin A and prednisone.

PMID- 3884130
TI  - Atypical histiocytic granuloma. Light microscopic, ultrastructural, and
      histochemical findings in an unusual pseudomalignant reactive lesion of the oral
      cavity.
AB  - Four cases of an ulcero-proliferative lesion of putative histiocytic origin,
      arising in the oral cavity, are described. This lesion, which has not been
      defined previously, is easily confused histologically with a malignant process of
      lymphoid origin, thereby representing a pseudolymphomatous proliferation. Light
      microscopic, ultrastructural, and histochemical characteristics including
      immunoglobulin negativity, positive esterase reactivity, and positive peanut
      lectin binding support a histiocytic origin. These lesions are not associated
      with systemic disease or dissemination and heal spontaneously despite their
      worrisome microscopic appearance.

PMID- 3884131
TI  - Postoperative adjuvant 5-fluorouracil plus methyl-CCNU therapy for gastric cancer
      patients. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study (EST 3275).
AB  - After en bloc resection of gastric adenocarcinoma, 180 patients were randomized
      to 2 years of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) + semustine (MeCCNU) chemotherapy or to
      observation only. After a median follow-up time of 64 months, 48 of 89 control
      patients and 51/91 treated patients recurred (P less than 0.71). The sites of
      recurrent cancer were similar for both groups: liver, 32%; local esophagus or
      stomach, 51%; abdominal nodes and peritoneum, 38%; and extra-abdominal nodes,
      14%. The survival curves overlap; 51/89 controls and 57/91 treated patients died
      with a median survival of 32.7 and 36.6 months, respectively (P less than 0.73).
      Treated patients experienced clinically important hematologic toxicity and two
      treated patients died of marrow failure with leukemia. Because of the toxicity
      and the lack of effectiveness, adjuvant 5-FU + MeCCNU is not recommended for
      patients with resectable gastric cancer.

PMID- 3884132
TI  - Enzymes, isozymes, and enzyme variants in the diagnosis of cancer. A short
      review.
AB  - Changes of enzyme activity in tissues, body fluids, and serum as well as changes
      of isozymes and enzyme variants in patients with malignancy suggest that these
      parameters may be used in the diagnosis of some types of cancer. A review of
      available information indicates that: changes of serum enzymes in patients with
      malignancies relate to the presence of a heavy tumor burden or of metastases, and
      cannot be utilized for the early diagnosis of malignancies; changes in isozyme
      patterns and newly developed enzyme variants may be of greater diagnostic value,
      although possibly not in the early diagnosis of cancer; study of enzymatic
      activity in body fluid may offer valuable help in specific situations; and
      occasionally, determination of enzymes may be of help in establishing
      susceptibility to malignancies.

PMID- 3884133
TI  - Radiation oncology. Programs for the present and future.
AB  - Radiation oncology in 1984 continues to make major advances in the
      multidisciplinary clinical programs. This has been possible by virtue of the
      radiation oncologist, who is an active participant in these clinical programs.
      The changing role for the radiation oncologist has dictated a greater
      participation in the primary management of the patient's disease process and also
      participation in multidisciplinary research programs.

PMID- 3884134
TI  - Large-dose fractionation (hypofractionation).
AB  - Fractionation is a radiotherapeutic "modality" that may be manipulated to attempt
      to improve control of malignant tumors or to decrease effects on normal tissues.
      In addition, some fractionation regimen must be selected as the basis for
      addition of any other modality such as radiosensitizers or hyperthermia.
      Considerable literature derived from clinical experiences with reduced numbers of
      large fractions has become available in the last 15 years. A review of this
      literature is focused on tumor control and effects on normal tissues resulting
      from hypofractionation (fewer than five fractions/week), rapid fractionation
      (large daily fractions treated five times/week), and rapid split-course regimens
      that include a rest interval in the course of treatment. The evidence available
      indicates that a decrease in tumor control is associated with each of these large
      dose fractionation approaches. At the same time, late effects on normal tissues
      are increased as the result of the large-sized fractions. The overall reduction
      in therapeutic ratio suggests that this avenue of clinical research should no
      longer be pursued and that such regimens should be adopted with caution for
      purposes of combining radiosensitizers or hyperthermia. Conversely, clinical
      research in radiotherapy justifiably can explore the effects of increased numbers
      of small fractions.

PMID- 3884135
TI  - Biological basis for the interaction of chemotherapeutic agents and radiation
      therapy.
AB  - The ultimate goal of combining chemotherapy and radiotherapy is to improve the
      therapeutic ratio. When chemotherapy is combined with radiotherapy, improved
      therapeutic effects may occur as a result of the following: (1) spatial
      cooperation; (2) enhancement of tumor response with less or no enhancement of
      normal tissue injury, and (3) diminution of normal tissue injury with less or no
      diminution of tumor response. Possible mechanisms of interaction between
      chemotherapeutic agents and radiation that result in an enhanced effect include
      (1) changes in the slope of the dose response curve, (2) decreased accumulation
      or inhibition of repair of sublethal damage, (3) decreased recovery from
      potentially lethal damage, (4) perturbation in cell kinetics with an increase of
      proportion of cells in the sensitive cell cycle phase and proliferative state,
      (5) decreased tumor bulk and improved blood supply leading to reoxygenation and
      recruitment and increased radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity, and (6)
      increased drug delivery and uptake. The combined effects may be influenced by (1)
      tumor and normal tissue type, (2) drug type, (3) drug dose and schedule, (4) time
      sequence between drug and radiation administration, (5) radiation dose and
      fractionation schedule, and (6) radiation dose rate. Most experimental and
      clinical data suggest that enhanced tumor effects most often result from simple
      additivity and therefore do not require direct interaction between drug and
      radiation, whereas enhanced normal tissue effects are observed most often when
      drugs are administered in close temporal proximity to radiation. Thus, for the
      optimal therapeutic effect, it would seem more advantageous to administer
      chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation in a sequential or alternating manner rather
      than simultaneously.

PMID- 3884136
TI  - Primary treatment of early breast cancer with conservation surgery and radiation
      therapy. The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy.
AB  - The combination of radiation therapy (RT) and conservation surgery is appropriate
      treatment for Stage I and II breast cancer patients, and is equivalent to radical
      mastectomy in overall survival and recurrence free survival. Moreover, RT and
      conservation surgery has the advantage over radical surgery of breast
      preservation (and subsequent psychological advantage). Inherent in the
      preservation of the breast is the concept of cosmesis. This implies that the
      treated breast is not retracted or deformed by the surgery and radiation. Current
      studies indicate that there is an increase in complications and less satisfactory
      cosmetic effect on patients receiving chemotherapy in conjunction with
      conservation surgery and RT, but no effect on survival. This raises the question
      of which patients should receive chemotherapy and what type of chemotherapy
      should be used. It also raises the question of the initiation timing and dosage
      of chemotherapy.

PMID- 3884137
TI  - The value of adjuvant chemotherapy in the management of sarcomas in children.
AB  - Sarcomas of childhood rank fifth in incidence of malignant tumors in children
      younger than 15 years. Among the soft tissue sarcomas, approximately 50% are
      rhabdomyosarcomas. The remainder represent a heterogeneous group of diverse
      sarcomas which are not unique to children and include fibrosarcoma,
      synoviosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant schwannoma,
      angiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and others. The most common bone cancers in
      childhood are osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. Although a multidisciplinary
      approach utilizing surgery, irradiation, and combination chemotherapy is
      routinely used in management of virtually all children with solid tumors, the
      value of adjuvant chemotherapy in select bone and rare soft tissue sarcomas is
      currently being tested. Multiagent chemotherapy including vincristine,
      dactinomycin, cyclophosphamide, and Adriamycin (doxorubicin) contribute to cure
      rates in 65% to 75% of children with localized rhabdomyosarcoma, Stages I to III,
      when combined with surgery and/or irradiation. Other drugs which hold promise
      include platinum, DTIC, methotrexate, and VP-16. The efficacy of similar drugs in
      the rarer pediatric soft tissue sarcomas other than rhabdomyosarcoma and its
      variants requires prospective randomized trials evaluating histologic grade,
      tumor size, and nodal status. It has been suggested that the high-grade sarcomas
      presenting with minimal tumor bulk are most sensitive to combined radiotherapy
      chemotherapy, whereas the low-grade sarcomas are more resistant to such therapy.
      Tumor cell heterogeneity contributes to biologic diversity and response to
      treatment. Chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy to irradiation is currently
      recommended and utilized for Ewing's sarcoma with survival rates approaching 80%,
      and disease-free survival of approximately 75% for those with localized disease.
      Children with widespread and metastatic disease at presentation fare less well.
      Although multiple single agents exhibit response rates ranging from 40% to 60%,
      including cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, dactinomycin, BCNU, mithramycin, and 5
      fluorouracil, new and more effective agents are needed. Controversy regarding the
      value of multiagent chemotherapy in osteosarcoma has stimulated prospective
      randomized trials. Evaluation of local control rates as well as sites and
      occurrence of metastases are essential in assessing the contribution of
      aggressive combined modality therapy in the pediatric sarcomas. Emphasis on
      refinement of therapy in determining the risk/benefit ratio from adjuvant
      chemotherapy in pediatric sarcomas is mandatory. Enhancement of early local
      reactions is apparent when adjuvant chemotherapy is used with local
      radiotherapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3884138
TI  - Treatment of acute leukemia in adults with chemoradiotherapy and bone marrow
      transplantation.
AB  - The use of supralethal chemoradiotherapy followed by marrow transplantation has
      progressed from being an experimental approach applied only to a limited number
      of end-stage patients to an important therapeutic option appropriate for many
      adults with a variety of hematologic malignancies. With the use of
      transplantation, 10% to 30% of patients with relapsed leukemia and approximately
      50% of patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in first remission can be
      cured. Cures have also been seen in a variety of other hematologic malignancies,
      including chronic granulocytic leukemia, preleukemia, hairy cell leukemia, and
      malignant lymphoma. Transplantation is currently limited by the need for a
      suitable marrow donor; by the complications of the transplant procedure,
      including infection, graft-versus-host disease, and the toxicities of intensive
      chemoradiotherapy; and by the risk of recurrent disease. Some of these
      limitations will likely be overcome as a result of current research. The use of
      partially matched family members and matched unrelated donors will make
      transplantation available to more patients. Some forms of posttransplant
      infection, including those associated with herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus,
      can now be prevented or treated. Improved methods of controlling graft-versus
      host disease including T-cell depletion of marrow and the use of more effective
      immunosuppressive agents, as well as a better understanding of the toxicities of
      the preparative regimens, are making the transplant procedure safer and more
      tolerable. Finally, the development of better preparative regimens and
      transplantation earlier in the patient's disease course will likely allow for a
      larger percentage of patients to be cured.

PMID- 3884139
TI  - Antibody-mediated radiotherapy.
AB  - Antibodies that react with antigens on the surface of tumor cells but not normal
      cells have great potential for cancer detection and therapy. If radiolabeled
      without loss of immunologic specificity, such antibodies may be able to deliver
      cytoxic amounts of radiation. Target-cell specificity and a high extraction
      coefficient are necessary with any radionuclide in order to minimize normal
      tissue irradiation. Tumor-cell-retention time and the rate of catabolized
      radionuclide will also influence ultimate applicability. Among the unanswered
      questions for choosing a radionuclide is the choice of particle emitter. Although
      classic beta emitters have been used in a number of clinical situations, they
      have not had a major impact on disease outcome except in diseases of the thyroid.
      Unfortunately, Auger emitters such as iodine 125 are cytotoxic only when
      localized within close proximity to the genome. On the other hand, alpha emitters
      such as astatine 211 eliminate the need for subcellular sequestration but not
      cell-specific localization.

PMID- 3884140
TI  - Ultraviolet radiation-induced derepression of the lactose operon of E. coli.
AB  - The effect of ultraviolet irradiation of a regulatory protein, the lac repressor,
      on its interactions with operator DNA is investigated by spectroscopic and
      electrophoresis methods. A second set of experiments is performed to assay the
      capacity of the system containing the irradiated repressor to be induced by IPTG.
      The protein-nucleic acid interactions are modified upon ultraviolet irradiation
      of the repressor. The inducer becomes ineffective and repressor stays "locked" to
      DNA in conditions in which the native repressor is released from the system.
      These facts are discussed in terms of genes repression and of promotion step in
      ultraviolet induced carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3884141
TI  - Urinary incontinence and the artificial sphincter.

PMID- 3884142
TI  - Regulation of reticulum cell sarcoma tumor growth in SJL/J mice by a serum
      inhibitor affecting T-cell proliferation.
AB  - The reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS) tumor in SJL/J mice has been shown to stimulate
      a strong syngeneic proliferative response. A unique characteristic of the RCS
      tumor is that it requires host T-cells for growth. Consequently, factors that
      inhibit host T-cell proliferation may have a profound effect on tumor cell growth
      in vivo. This report investigates the relationship between a serum inhibitor of T
      cell proliferation and tumor growth. Inhibition was measured in an interleukin 2
      dependent proliferation of the CTLL-2 line. Sera from mice with RCS
      transplantable lines or from mice with spontaneous tumors were much less
      inhibitory than were sera from normal syngeneic SJL/J mice or from allogeneic
      mice. The inhibitory activity appears to follow a circadian rhythm, because serum
      derived in the morning was more inhibitory than was serum derived in the evening.
      Serum from female mice was less inhibitory than serum from male mice. In contrast
      to male mice, serum from 35-week-old female mice was as inhibitory as was that
      from young (8- to 12-week-old) mice. The mechanism of serum inhibition in tumor
      bearing mice was examined. The serum was tested for the presence of interleukin 2
      which could decrease inhibitory activity, and no interleukin was found.
      Furthermore, absorption of the serum with CTLL-2 cells did not enhance the
      inhibitory effect to the level of normal mouse serum. These results suggest that
      tumor growth in vivo coincides with less serum inhibitor, providing an adequate T
      cell response requisite for tumor growth. This corroborates the notion of RCS
      host T-cell interaction necessary for tumor growth which is in part regulated by
      a serum inhibitor.

PMID- 3884143
TI  - Identification and localization of human pancreatic tumor-associated antigens by
      monoclonal antibodies to RWP-1 and RWP-2 cells.
AB  - Human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, RWP-1 and RWP-2 (Dexter, D. L.,
      Matook, G. M., Meitner, P. A., Bogaars, H. A., Jolly, G. A., Turner, M. D., and
      Calabresi, P. Cancer Res., 42: 2705-2714, 1982), were used as immunogens for the
      production of monoclonal antibodies to tumor-associated membrane antigens. BALB/c
      mice were immunized by i.p. injection of viable cells and hybridomas resulting
      from the fusion of splenocytes to myeloma cell line P3 X 63/Ag8.653 were screened
      by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies which reacted with both RWP-1
      and RWP-2 cells. Hybridomas AR2-20 and AR1-28, both IgG1 antibody-producing cell
      lines, demonstrated membrane staining by immunofluorescence cytochemistry on
      three of seven pancreatic tumor cell lines but not on six human tumor cell lines
      of nonpancreatic origin, or on normal human fibroblasts. The antibodies stained
      frozen sections of RWP xenografts, propagated s.c. in nude mice, and tumor cells
      in paraffin sections of seven of seven cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma,
      using indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase histochemistry, but not
      normal adult or fetal pancreas, or a number of other normal adult tissues.
      Immunoprecipitation of 125I-labeled RWP-2 cells resulted in a single band with a
      molecular weight of 190,000 under reducing conditions. Sequential
      immunoprecipitation demonstrated that both AR2-20 and AR1-28 bind to the same
      molecule.

PMID- 3884144
TI  - Immunoperoxidase localization of a high-molecular-weight mucin recognized by
      monoclonal antibody 1D3.
AB  - The distribution of an antigen recognized by murine monoclonal antibody 1D3
      (Bhattacharya, M., Chatterjee, S.K., Barlow, J. J., and Fuji, H. Cancer Res., 42:
      1650-1654, 1982) was investigated in various types of human malignant and normal
      adult tissues by indirect immunoperoxidase assay in fixed paraffin-embedded
      sections. One hundred percent of ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinomas expressed
      high levels of the antigen with intense staining of 80 to 100% of the tumoral
      area, thus confirming our previous finding with radioimmunoassay and absorption
      analyses. About 51% of colonic carcinomas, 33% of gastric carcinomas, and 22% of
      pancreatic carcinomas were also positive for this high-molecular-weight
      mucoprotein antigen. All other ovarian and nonovarian carcinomas tested including
      carcinoma of lung, breast, endometrium, cervix, and prostate were not stained by
      1D3. In addition, sarcomas, melanomas, and lymphomas also did not express any
      detectable level of the antigen. When surveyed against various normal adult
      tissues, 1D3 had reactivity limited to the colon. Normal colon, however,
      exhibited reduced staining intensities compared to tumors or to the apparently
      normal colon adjacent to tumors. The antigen thus appears to be a colorectal
      tissue-specific antigen showing increased levels in ovarian mucinous
      cystadenocarcinomas and in some gastrointestinal tumors. 1D3 antigen is a
      potential tumor marker for mucinous ovarian and colonic tumors.

PMID- 3884145
TI  - Localization of plasminogen activators in human colon cancer by immunoperoxidase
      staining.
AB  - The immunoperoxidase technique, using antibodies against human urinary urokinase
      (Mr 55,000), was used for the localization of this enzyme in histological
      preparations of human colon tumors and normal colon tissue. The localization of
      tissue (vascular) activator was also investigated using antibodies against enzyme
      purified from human malignant melanoma. Both the "indirect method" and the
      peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique were found to be useful. Urokinase-reactive
      material was found in all tissues examined (33 primary cancers, 11 metastases,
      and 8 adenomas). In the normal colon, urokinase was found only in some of the
      goblet cells of the mucosal epithelium. In colon cancer, diffuse specific
      staining was observed in the cytoplasm, but the most intense staining was
      localized at the edge of the cancer cells bordering the lumen of the glands. In
      some cases, intense supranuclear staining could be observed in a location
      corresponding to the Golgi apparatus. In a few instances, urokinase could be seen
      associated with fibroblasts near the advancing front of an invading tumor.
      Adenoma, a benign tumor but often a precursor of cancer, also showed the presence
      of urokinase. Most significant were the observations showing that, in regions of
      the mucosal glands where normal epithelial cells were abruptly replaced by cancer
      cells, the appearance of cytoplasmic urokinase showed strict and exclusive
      association with the malignant cells, and the same was the case in transitions
      from normal epithelium to adenoma. In contrast to urokinase, tissue plasminogen
      activator was not associated with cancer cells, but was consistently present in
      the stroma which separates the cancer glands and was localized in the endothelium
      of the blood vessels. This visual evidence was supported by results of extraction
      of plasminogen activators from tumors, and from the separated mucosal and
      submucosal layers of the normal colon of the same patients, which showed that
      urokinase is most abundant in the tumor tissue and least abundant in the
      submucosa, while tissue activator is most prevalent in the well-vascularized
      mucosa and submucosa and scarce in the usually poorly vascularized
      adenocarcinomas.

PMID- 3884146
TI  - Use of a monoclonal antibody (B72.3) as an immunocytochemical adjunct to
      diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in human effusions.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (MAb), designated B72.3, has been generated using membrane
      enriched fractions of a metastatic human breast carcinoma as the immunogen.
      Previous studies have demonstrated that the reactive antigen, a novel Mr 220,000
      to 400,000 glycoprotein complex, can be detected in formalin-fixed, paraffin
      embedded tissue sections of human breast and colon carcinomas, and not in a
      variety of normal adult human tissues. In this preliminary study, we report that
      MAb B72.3 may be used as an adjunct for diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in
      cytological preparations of human effusions. Using the avidin-biotin complex
      method of immunoperoxidase staining and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cell
      suspensions, MAb B72.3 detected adenocarcinoma cells in effusions from all of 21
      patients with adenocarcinoma of the breast. No reactivity was demonstrated in any
      cell type in benign effusions from 24 patients without cancer, or 13 patients
      with prior or extant cancer in other body sites; moreover, B72.3 showed no
      reactivity to leukemic or lymphomatous effusions, or apparent mesothelial cells
      from malignant effusions. MAb B72.3 also detected adenocarcinoma cells in
      cytological effusion specimens from 12 of 12 patients with adenocarcinoma of the
      lung and 16 of 16 patients with adenocarcinoma of the ovary. Thus, these data
      suggest that the immunocytochemical application of MAb B72.3 should now be
      considered as an adjunct in the discrimination of adenocarcinoma cells from
      reactive mesothelial cells in the cytological diagnosis of malignant effusions.

PMID- 3884147
TI  - Sialosylated Lewisx in the sera of cancer patients detected by a cell-binding
      inhibition assay.
AB  - A new cell-binding inhibition assay to detect tumor-associated antigens in sera
      was developed. This assay determined that sialosylated Lewisx, as detected by the
      CSLEX1 monoclonal antibody, is present in the sera of 95% of patients with
      advanced lung adenocarcinomas. Sera with inhibition titers of 1:16 or higher were
      presumed to contain sialosylated Lewisx. Tests of over 900 sera samples from both
      malignant and benign disease patients yielded the following percentages of
      positive inhibition: lung cancers, 43.8%; stomach cancer, 26.0%; colon cancer,
      44.4%; gall bladder and bile duct cancers, 47.8%; pancreas cancer, 37.5%; breast
      cancer, 26.7%; cancers of the hematopoietic system, 2.9%; benign diseases, 0.9%
      (332 sera); and normal healthy donors, 0.7% (280 sera). Within the lung cancer
      group, 95% of the sera from 21 advanced (Stages III and IV) nontreated
      adenocarcinoma patients gave positive results with high inhibition titers,
      whereas only 27% of sera from treated advanced adenocarcinoma patients yielded
      positive results. The sensitivity of the cell-binding inhibition assay is similar
      to those of the solid-phase radioimmunosandwich and reverse passive
      hemagglutination assays. Reproducibility tests yielded an r value of 0.90. These
      results suggest that this simple cell-binding inhibition assay could be applied
      with monoclonal antibodies, such as CSLEX1, to monitor cancer.

PMID- 3884148
TI  - Gamma-vinyl GABA: a new antiepileptic drug.

PMID- 3884149
TI  - Diagnostic pharmacology of the pupil.

PMID- 3884150
TI  - Dopamine agonists in the treatment of dystonia.

PMID- 3884151
TI  - The pharmacology of mesulergine.

PMID- 3884152
TI  - Bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and clinical effects of an oral preparation of
      etoposide.
AB  - Bioavailability of an oral preparation of the antineoplastic drug etoposide (VP
      16) was studied in 13 patients with advanced malignancies. An initial pilot study
      involving three patients suggested that approximately 50% of an orally
      administered dose was absorbed. Ten additional patients were randomized to
      receive either 100 mg/m2/day iv or 200 mg/m2/day orally. Three weeks later, the
      alternate dose schedule was administered. Plasma samples were assayed for VP-16
      using a high-pressure liquid chromatography technique. Comparison of the area
      under concentration-time curves (C X t) revealed that 17%-72% (mean, 52%) of an
      orally administered dose was absorbed. Absorption was less than 40% for only one
      patient. For oral and iv preparations, mean peak plasma VP-16 concentrations were
      9.6 and 13.0 micrograms/ml, mean alpha-half-lives were 0.96 and 0.82 hour, mean
      beta-half-lives were 7.2 and 6.8 hours, mean C X t values were 75.9 and 75.3
      mg/L/hour, mean plasma clearances were 1.44 and 1.45 L/hour/m2, and mean
      extrapolated volumes of distribution were 15.2 and 16.9 L/m2, respectively. The
      half-life for oral absorption was 0.44 hour and peak plasma concentrations were
      noted 0.5-3 hours after oral drug administration. Granulocyte count nadirs tended
      to be lower in patients with high C X t values and low plasma clearance values.
      Granulocytopenia was dose-limiting. Gastrointestinal toxicity was extremely mild.
      We recommend doses of oral VP-16 of 800 mg/m2/course over 3-5 days for patients
      with a moderate amount of prior treatment. It is probable that previously
      untreated patients will tolerate a higher dose and that heavily pretreated
      patients will require a lower dose.

PMID- 3884153
TI  - Supporting evidence for an active treatment program for advanced salivary gland
      carcinomas.
AB  - The role of systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of salivary gland tumors
      remains unknown. Because of the infrequent occurrence of these tumors, only a few
      clinical trials with chemotherapy have been reported in the literature. The
      current trial presents preliminary results with the combination of
      cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin. These results are viewed in terms
      of other recently reported data obtained with the same combination. The collected
      data strongly suggest that salivary gland tumors may be very responsive to
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3884154
TI  - Diaziquone for resistant multiple myeloma. Cancer and Leukemia Group B.

PMID- 3884155
TI  - Long-term retention and effectiveness of APF and neutral KF fluoridation agents
      on sound and etched bovine enamel.

PMID- 3884157
TI  - [Microsuture of cerebral vessels].

PMID- 3884156
TI  - [Acid proteinases in the gastric mucosa in stomach diseases].

PMID- 3884158
TI  - [25 years of the Neurosurgery Clinic in Prague].

PMID- 3884159
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)
      containing neurons in the hypothalamus of the Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix.
AB  - Immunohistochemical localization of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-like
      immunoreactivity in the brain of the Japanese quail was studied by means of the
      peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) method. CRF-immunopositive perikarya of
      parvocellular neurons were observed mainly in the nucleus praeopticus medialis
      and nucleus paraventricularis. Additional perikarya were also detected in the
      nucleus hypothalamicus posterior medialis in the hypothalamus and in the non
      hypothalamic nucleus accumbens, nucleus septalis lateralis and nucleus
      dorsomedialis and dorsolateralis thalami. No CRF immunoreaction was found to
      coexist with the vasotocin (Vt)-containing system in comparative examination of
      consecutive sections treated with anti-vasopressin (Vp) serum. The CRF
      immunoreactive fibers were detected mainly in the external layer of the anterior
      median eminence but not in its posterior division. Unilateral adrenalectomy
      induced the marked reduction in number of the CRF immunopositive fibers in the
      anterior median eminence.

PMID- 3884161
TI  - Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry of gonadotrophs in the goldfish pituitary
      gland.
AB  - The immunocytochemical distribution of gonadotropin (GTH) in the goldfish
      pituitary gland was studied applying the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method
      and the protein A-gold technique at light- and electron-microscopic levels,
      respectively, with an antiserum raised against silver carp GTH. In the light
      microscopic immunocytochemistry, PAS-positive cells in the proximal pars distalis
      showed strong reaction with the antiserum. Gold particles wee concentrated both
      on globules (large) and on granules (small) of the gonadotrophs (PAS-positive
      cells) in the electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry. Other cells in the
      pituitary gland, including thyrotrophs, displayed no immunoreactivity with the
      antiserum at the dilutions tested. These results indicate, not only
      immunocytochemical distribution of GTH both in globules and in granules in the
      gonadotrophs, but also the high purity of the antigen (silver carp GTH) and
      specificity of the antiserum.

PMID- 3884160
TI  - Control of the onset of migration of neural crest cells in avian embryos. Role of
      Ca++-dependent cell adhesions.
AB  - To investigate the control of the timing in the epithelio-mesenchymal
      transformation of the neural crest into a migrating population, neural anlagen
      (neural tube plus crest) were isolated from 2-day quail embryos by proteases in
      the presence of CA++ and explanted onto substrates favourable for neural crest
      cell migration. Explants isolated before normal migration had commenced required
      3-8 h in vitro before neural crest cells started migration, but explants obtained
      at migratory stages showed an immediate onset of migration. The schedule was
      similar to that expected in vivo. When pre-migratory neural anlagen were isolated
      by protease in Ca++-and Mg++-free (CMF) medium, or when the protease was followed
      by a brief (5 min) exposure to CMF medium, neural crest cell migration commenced
      without delay, and the cohesion of the anlagen was impaired. Ca++-free medium
      duplicated the effects of CMF, but neither Mg++-free medium nor CMF treatment
      before treatment with protease stimulated migration and reduced cohesion.
      Precocious neural crest cell migration and reduced cohesion also followed when
      neural anlagen of pre-migratory stages were cultured with membrane Ca++-channel
      antagonists D600 and Nifedipine, without any exernal Ca++-depletion. The decrease
      of cohesion of these tissues is consistent with results in other systems where
      protease/Ca++-depletion inactivates Ca++-dependent cell-cell adhesive mechanisms.
      Therefore, we suggest that Ca++-dependent cell-cell adhesions play a part in
      preventing neural crest cells from migrating precociously and that the timed
      inactivation of this adhesion system normally helps trigger the onset of
      migration. The results with blockers of Ca++-channels suggest that Ca++ levels
      may be involved in regulating this system.

PMID- 3884162
TI  - Urotensin II-immunoreactive neurons in the caudal neurosecretory system of
      freshwater and seawater fish.
AB  - Antiserum generated against synthetic urotensin II of the goby, Gillichthys
      mirabilis, was used to localize urotensin II in the caudal neurosecretory system
      in six species of freshwater teleosts: Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus,
      Oreochromis mossambicus, Oreochromis niloticus, Salmo gairdneri and Plecoglossus
      altivelis, and six species of seawater teleosts: Acanthogobius flavimanus, Pagrus
      major, Parapristipoma trilineatum, Trachurus japonicus, Seriola dumerili and
      Seriola quinqueradiata. In the carp, urotensin II-immunoreactive perikarya were
      classified into three groups according to their size and shape. Small cells were
      located in the spinal cord dorsal to the urophysis, medium-sized cells
      immediately anterior to the urophysis, and large cells anterior to the medium
      sized cells. In each group, a small number of nonreactive cells was found.
      Urotensin II-immunoreactive nerve fibers extended toward the urophysis and
      terminated around the blood vessels. Other species of teleosts showed a similar
      immunoreaction to that observed in the carp. The immunoreaction of the urophysis
      was stronger in seawater fish than freshwater fish. Urotensin II-immunoreactive
      elements could not be detected in the brains of the carp, goldfish and goby.

PMID- 3884163
TI  - Immunocytochemical demonstration of mammalian lutropin-like material in the
      pituitary of the lungfish, Lepidosiren paradoxa.
AB  - The presence of lutropin (LH)-like material in the pituitary gland of the South
      American lungfish, Lepidosiren paradoxa, has been demonstrated by means of the
      unlabeled antibody-enzyme method, by use of rabbit anti-ovine LH as first
      antibody. The LH-like substance was revealed in a single PAS-positive cell type
      primarily located in the anterior part of the distal lobe. Dot blot tests as well
      as conventional liquid-phase absorption experiments indicate that the anti-ovine
      LH antibodies possess specificity against the oLH beta subunit. These
      observations indicate that dipnoans (Lepidosiren) share a number of antigenic
      determinants with those of mammalian LH beta and support the concept that
      mammalian LH beta, or part of it, was established early in evolution. The exact
      nature and physiological function of the substance detected remains to be
      defined.

PMID- 3884164
TI  - Morphologic analysis of long-term bone marrow cultures that support B
      lymphopoiesis or myelopoiesis.
AB  - A comparative morphological analysis of the Whitlock-Witte long-term B-cell
      culture and the predominantly myeloid Dexter long-term bone marrow culture
      demonstrates that similarities and differences exist between the two systems.
      Cells from the long-term B-cell cultures have a characteristic lymphoid
      morphology, whereas those from the Dexter cultures are predominantly granulocytes
      and macrophages along with a few undifferentiated blast cells. A multilayered
      stromal cell layer is a common feature of both systems. Scanning electron
      micrographs show the cells in this layer to be large, irregularly shaped and
      flattened. The data further indicate that there are unique features in the
      relationship between developing B cells and stromal cells in the long-term B-cell
      cultures. Large, mononuclear cells are present that have numerous membrane
      infoldings within which numerous lymphoid cells lie. The relationship of these
      cells to macrophages and epithelial/reticular cells is discussed.

PMID- 3884165
TI  - Immunofluorescence staining of thin-filament sections not participating in
      actomyosin crossbridges: studies by use of a monoclonal antibody specific to
      actin.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (mcab) were produced in vitro by fusing mouse X63-Ag8.653
      plasmacytoma cells with spleen cells from a Balb/c mouse immunized with primary
      cultures of chick skeletal muscle (pmcc). After cloning on agar, stable clones
      were obtained, the antibodies of which stain specifically the I-band of
      myofibrils in the immunofluorescence (IF) procedure. For further characterization
      of these mcab their affinities to muscle proteins were tested by immunoblotting
      and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mcab specific for actin were
      revealed by these criteria. One of the anti-actin antibodies, mcab 647, reveals a
      variety of IF-staining patterns on myofibrils. On rest-length myofibrils the I
      band is labeled only. However, at sarcomere lengths below 2 micrometers, where
      the thin filaments meet in the middle of the A-band and form a region of double
      overlap, an additional fluorescent band appears in this position. The
      fluorescence intensity of this band is increased significantly in shorter
      sarcomeres. Finally, when the I-band has disappeared at a sarcomere length of 1.5
      micrometer, fluorescence is located exclusively in the middle of the A-band.
      These IF-staining patterns suggest that only those sections of the thin filament
      are stained that do not participate in actomyosin crossbridges.

PMID- 3884166
TI  - Histochemical study of epididymal secretions in the lizard, Lacerta vivipara.
      Localization of lectin-binding sites.
AB  - The epididymis of lizards elaborates voluminous secretory granules made of a
      central core and a peripheral vacuole which in the species Lacerta vivipara
      contain respectively an insoluble protein (protein H) and a soluble protein
      (protein L). After their discharge these secretions mix with spermatozoa. In
      order to detect the presence of carbohydrates in these secretions, lectins
      isolated from Canavalia ensiformis (con A) and from eleven other plants (lentil,
      soja, pea, gorse and several mushrooms), conjugated to fluorescein
      isothiocyanate, have been utilized in light-microscopic histochemical
      investigations of frozen sections from Lacerta vivipara epididymis. Whereas
      lectins having affinity for L-fucose, lactose, D-galactose and N-acetyl-D
      galactosamine bound to central cores, lectins having affinity to D-glucose, N
      acetylglucosamine and chitobiose bound to the peripheral vacuole. D-mannose or D
      glucose seem to be present both in central cores and in peripheral vacuoles.

PMID- 3884167
TI  - Digital subtraction coronary angiography using high-pass temporal filtration: a
      comparison with cineangiography.
AB  - Selective coronary angiograms were obtained using a real-time high-pass temporal
      filtration digital subtraction technique with videotape storage and display and
      compared to simultaneously recorded 35-mm cineangiograms for 32 stenotic lesions
      in 15 patients. Both methods were evaluated by three independent observers using
      caliper measurement of percent diameter reduction for each lesion. There was a
      good correlation between the two imaging methods for individual observers, though
      considerable variability was seen, r = .73, standard error of estimate (SEE) =
      9.1%. The average severity of stenosis and the interobserver variability were
      similar between methods. This digital subtraction technique for selective
      coronary angiography compares favorably with a conventional film-based technique
      for evaluation of coronary stenoses and offers advantages of real-time image
      processing, limited tolerance to patient motion, and relatively small digital
      memory requirements. In addition to further improvements in image quality, more
      objective computer-aided scoring methods are needed to reduce the variability in
      lesion analysis.

PMID- 3884168
TI  - [120th anniversary of the birth of Professor Vincenc Navrat].

PMID- 3884169
TI  - [Treatment of neonatal sepsis using exchange transfusions].

PMID- 3884170
TI  - [Sonography of the epigastrium: a note on the technic].

PMID- 3884171
TI  - Mutagenic activation of carcinogenic N-nitrosopropylamines by rat liver: evidence
      for a cytochrome P-450 dependent reaction.
AB  - Mutagenic potential of carcinogenic N-nitrosopropylamines was examined by the
      Ames's liquid incubation assay, using rat liver 9000 g supernatant (S9) fraction
      for metabolic activation. N-Nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine, N-nitroso(2
      hydroxypropyl)-(2-oxopropyl)amine (HPOP), N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP), N
      nitrosobis(2-acetoxypropyl)amine, N-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine, N
      nitrosomethyl-(2-hydroxypropyl)amine and N-nitrosomethyl(2-oxopropyl)amine all
      showed positive mutagenicity in strain TA100 in the presence of liver S9 while
      being negative in strain TA98. With the exception of HPOP and BOP, which were
      also mutagenic in TA100 without S9 metabolic activation, these N
      nitrosopropylamines required the presence of microsomes as a source of enzymes as
      well as NADP+ as a cofactor for mutagenic activation. Treatment of rats with
      polychlorinated biphenyls or phenobarbital (PB) resulted in a marked increase in
      the ability of S9 to activate the seven N-nitrosamines tested whereas 3
      methylcholanthrene (3-MC) induction was not effective. All the mutagenic
      activities were considerably decreased by preincubation in an atmosphere of
      either carbon monoxide or nitrogen gas or by adding cytochrome c to the S9
      mixture. Metyrapone, a specific inhibitor of PB-inducible major cytochrome P-450,
      considerably inhibited mutagenicity, whereas 7,8-benzoflavone, a specific
      inhibitor of 3-MC-inducible major cytochrome P-448, was totally lacking this
      effect. These results demonstrate a correlation between rat liver S9 dependent
      mutagenicity of six N-nitrosopropylamines and their known carcinogenicity in rat
      in vivo experiments, and that the PB-inducible major cytochrome P-450 is involved
      in the mutagenic activation. BOP was also shown to be activated by extrahepatic
      (lung, kidney, pancreas) tissue S9, blood S9 and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to
      the extent of 50% of that activity obtained with liver S9. A possible mechanism
      of BSA-mediated activation of BOP is discussed.

PMID- 3884173
TI  - Effects of experimental hypotension on hemodynamics and renin secretion rate.
AB  - The effects of hypotension on systemic and renal hemodynamics, plasma renin
      activity (PRA), and renin secretion rate (RSR) were determined in dogs
      anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital plus chloralose. Renal blood flow (RBF)
      was determined with microspheres (15 micron) and with an electromagnetic
      flowmeter connected to an extra-corporeal circuit from the femoral artery to the
      renal artery. Hypotension was induced by nitroprusside infusion, which decreased
      peripheral resistance, and by hemorrhage, which reduced cardiac output. RSR
      increased in both forms of hypotension, but the increase following hemorrhage was
      greater than that after nitroprusside. Thus, when the mean arterial pressure
      (MAP) was reduced to 75 mmHg, RSR increased from 470 +/- 26 units/min to 990 +/-
      12 units/min with nitroprusside and from 415 +/- 13 units/min to 1,509 +/- 21
      units/min following hemorrhage. At MAP of 50 mmHg, RSR increased to 1,541 +/- 64
      units/min with nitroprusside and to 2,254 +/- 98 units/min following hemorrhage.
      Nitroprusside increased renin secretion not only by an increase in sympathetic
      beta adrenergic activity through the baroreceptor reflex, but also by its direct
      vasolidatory effect in the renal circulation. In hemorrhagic hypotension, the
      increase in renin secretion was accompanied by renal vasoconstriction. The
      greater increase in RSR following hemorrhage than after nitroprusside at given
      levels of hypotension may be explained by a stronger beta adrenergic activation,
      the activation of prostaglandin and kallikrein systems, a lower microvascular
      pressure level, and/or smaller pulse pressure and lower sodium load in the macula
      densa. The comparison of renin secretion at the same degree of hypotension
      induced by different hemodynamic alterations serves to elucidate the mechanisms
      of renin secretion.

PMID- 3884172
TI  - Genotoxicity of the food mutagen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ)
      and analogs.
AB  - The food mutagen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) is an analogue of
      quinoline, a hepatocarcinogen. 2-Aminofluorene, benzidine and 3,2'-dimethyl-4
      aminobiphenyl (DMAB) are potent inducers of unscheduled DNA repair in primary
      culture rat liver hepatocytes, as was IQ (151 grains/nucleus at 1 X 10(-6) M).
      Quinoline, on the other hand, is only weakly positive in this assay (15
      grains/nucleus at 1 X 10(-3) M). IQ, quinoline and DMAB were applied topically to
      shaved skin of Sencar mice with promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate
      (TPA) for 20 weeks, when 14 of 20 mice in the quinoline group had 25 tumors, but
      only one of 30 animals in the IQ group and five of 30 in the DMAB group were
      tumor-bearing. Analogs of IQ synthesized by substitution at the 2- or 3-position
      with amino or methyl groups were assayed with the Ames Salmonella typhimurium
      tester strains TA98 and TA100. Mutagenicity for TA98 is reduced in the absence of
      the 3-methyl group and is completely abolished with removal of the 2-amino
      moiety. None of these analogs are strong mutagens for TA100. Exocyclic N
      oxidation is a likely obligatory step in the activation of IQ to a mutagen.

PMID- 3884174
TI  - Efficacy of S-2441, a synthetic oligopeptide, in a rat model for gram-negative
      bacteremia.
AB  - In vitro effects of S-2441, H-D-Pro-Phe-Arg-NH-Heptyl, include potent anti
      bradykinin activity and broad-spectrum inhibition of serine proteases involved in
      the coagulation cascade. In this study, rats infused with 7.8 X 10(8) viable
      Escherichia coli were treated either with saline (group A) or with intravenous
      (0.1 mg) and intraperitoneal (0.4 mg) doses of S-2441 (group B). Survival rates
      for groups A and B were 68% and 98%, at 12 hours (P less than 0.001), and 37% and
      73% at 24 hours (P less than 0.001), respectively. Hematologic studies revealed
      that S-2441 significantly inhibited E. coli-induced prolongation of prothrombin
      time and partial thromboplastin time as well as a rapid decrease in the values of
      factor X, anti-thrombin III, and fibrinogen. In addition, S-2441 attenuated E.
      coli-induced hypoglycemia and a marked reduction of serum complement level.
      Ultrastructural evaluation of the liver demonstrated that S-2441 prevented the
      development of extensive sinusosoidal microthrombosis and hepatocellular
      necrosis. The results indicate that S-2441 affords protection in lethal gram
      negative bacteremia owing in part to attenuation of disseminated intravascular
      coagulation and complement-mediated reactions. The findings are consistent with
      the concept that S-2441 and related oligopeptides modulate serine protease
      mediated responses involving inhibition of active enzymes with competitive
      antagonism of pharmcologically active products formed during the activation of
      coagulation, fibrinolytic, kallikrein, and complement systems.

PMID- 3884175
TI  - Unsuspected mesenteric hypoperfusion despite apparent hemodynamic recovery in the
      early phase of septic shock in piglets.
AB  - We have developed an animal model of group B beta Streptococcal sepsis especially
      conducive to observation of hemodynamic sequelae of the early phases of septic
      shock. In piglets (N = 7), direct continuous measurements were made of aortic
      pressure (AOP), left atrial pressure (LAP), central venous pressure (CVP),
      mesenteric artery blood flow (QMES), and pulmonary artery blood flow, equivalent
      to cardiac output (CO). Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and regional
      mesenteric vascular resistance (MVR) were calculated. Sepsis was induced by bolus
      intravenous administration of live, washed, type 1b group B beta Streptococcus
      (GBS) at approximately 1 X 10(10) organisms/kg. Early in septic shock, AOP, LAP,
      CO, and QMES fell to 66%, 20%, 62%, and 34% of pre-GBS levels, respectively,
      while SVR and MVR rose to 139% and 224% of control. The decrease in QMES and
      increase in MVR were significantly more extensive than the fall in CO or the rise
      in SVR, respectively. Subsequently, systemic hemodynamic function improved over
      time while regional mesenteric circulation did not. AOP and CO recovered to 86%
      and 88% of pre-GBS levels, respectively, and SVR returned to 105% of baseline.
      However, QMES remained only 48% of control, and MVR continued at 173% of pre-GBS
      levels. Mesenteric blood flow could not accurately be inferred from measurements
      of either AOP or CO during sepsis in these piglets. Relative mesenteric
      hypoperfusion persisted despite systemic hemodynamic recovery during this GBS
      sepsis protocol.

PMID- 3884176
TI  - Left and right ventricular function in porcine Escherichia coli sepsis.
AB  - In anesthesized pigs, hemodynamic measurements and gated bloodpool scintigraphy
      were performed during and after infusion of live Escherichia coli (2 X 10(8)/kg).
      Ejection fractions (EF) as well as the relation between end-diastolic volumes
      (EDV) and stroke work (SW) were used to evaluate changes in left (LV) and right
      ventricular (RV) function. Porcine E. coli sepsis proved to be characterized by
      pulmonary vascular hypertension (PVH) and systemic arterial hypotension,
      accompanied by a reflex increase in heart rate. Systemic flow remained
      essentially unchanged. E. coli infusion resulted in pronounced and opposite
      changes in LV and RV preload. RVEDV increased initially and then returned to the
      value observed before E. coli infusion. LVEDV showed a continuous decrease during
      the observation of 3 hours. Alterations in LVSW and RVSW appeared to parallel the
      changes in LVEDV and RVEDV. No significant changes in LVEF and RVEF were found.
      It is concluded that porcine E. coli sepsis might be a suitable model for human
      sepsis complicated by PVH. In this animal model no clear signs of myocardial
      depression or evidence of right heart failure were observed.

PMID- 3884177
TI  - Fibrosis, lipids, and calcium in human atherosclerotic plaque. In vitro
      differentiation from normal aortic walls by ultrasonic attenuation.
AB  - This study was designed to determine whether attenuation of ultrasound by the
      aortic wall is potentially useful in characterizing the atherosclerotic lesion.
      Measurements were made on fresh specimens taken from a human aorta at autopsy.
      Four hundred different sites, 4 mm in diameter each, corresponding to the
      dimension of the ultrasonic beam at the focal zone, were ultrasonically analyzed
      and histologically studied. Attenuation of ultrasound in each site was assessed
      by Fourier analysis of the echo produced by a specular reflector placed behind
      the specimen. Two parameters were measured over the range 7-11 MHz: the
      integrated attenuation index (per cm), and slope (per cm per MHz) of the best fit
      straight line relating attenuation and frequency. Histological examination-
      performed for each of the 400 sites where attenuation had been measured-
      identified four subsets (100 samples each): normal aortic walls, fibrous plaques,
      fibrofatty plaques, and calcified plaques. Results obtained from ultrasonic and
      histological analyses showed that the integrated attenuation index was lowest in
      normal walls (24 +/- 2.1, mean +/- SE) and progressively increased in fibrous (32
      +/- 3.1), fibrofatty (82 +/- 6.5), and calcific (185 +/- 8.7) subsets (all
      intergroup differences were significant, except for the normal vs. fibrous
      comparison). The slope value was significantly lower in the fibrous than in the
      normal subsets: (10(-3)) 31.9 +/- 4.5 vs. (10(-3)) 99.5 +/- 9.1, respectively.
      Values of fibrofatty and calcific plaques overlapped: (10(-3)) 383 +/- 21 vs.
      (10(-3)) 320 +/- 23, respectively. Both were significantly different from normal
      and fibrous groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3884178
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of changes in specific IgG antibodies
      to five venoms during venom immunotherapy.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed that could measure
      titres of human IgG antibodies to five different venoms (honeybee, yellow jacket,
      yellow hornet, white-faced hornet, and wasp), and to honeybee phospholipase A.
      Changes in specific IgG anti-venom titres were measured in twenty patients that
      had systemic anaphylactic reactions to insect stings, and ten non-allergic
      controls. After being stung and prior to treatment all patients had anti-venom
      IgG titres greater than controls. Treatment with small doses of venom over 1-2
      months resulted in prompt rises in anti-venom IgG titres that may represent
      secondary anemnestic responses primed by prior stings. All patients undergoing
      venom immunotherapy showed at least 2-fold increases in IgG antibody to the
      venoms they were treated with by the time maintenance doses of 100 mcg were
      achieved, with one exception. Significant cross-reactive increases in anti-vespid
      IgG antibodies to venoms not used for treatment occurred in nine of eighteen
      treated patients. Overall, ELISA of IgG antibodies to five venoms allowed clear
      evaluation of the considerable variation of IgG responses among different
      patients. We conclude that serial determination of venom-specific IgG titres by
      ELISA offers an important adjunct to evaluating the results of venom
      immunotherapy.

PMID- 3884180
TI  - Treatment of nocturnal asthma in children with a single dose of sustained-release
      theophylline taken after supper.
AB  - In a placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over study of 2 X 3 weeks' duration,
      twenty-four children with stable asthma who were wheezing during the night, were
      treated with a single dose of sustained-release theophylline (SRT) taken after
      supper. The mean serum theophylline levels 4 and 12 hr after dosing were 7.7 and
      11.2 mg/l, respectively. Few side-effects were seen. The mean morning peak
      expiratory flow (PEF) was significantly higher during SRT treatment (244 +/- 11
      1/min) than during placebo treatment (207 +/- 121/min) (P less than 0.001). The
      mean difference between morning and evening PEF was reduced from 20.7 to 8.6% by
      treatment with SRT (P less than 0.001). Theophylline significantly reduced the
      severity of attacks of bronchoconstriction during the night as judged by PEF
      measurement and use of extra bronchodilator treatment per attack. The response to
      inhaled terbutaline was increased during SRT treatment compared with that in the
      placebo period, however pre-treatment PEF did differ significantly between the
      two periods. The number of acute asthma attacks during the night, the number of
      symptom-free nights and the use of extra bronchodilators during the night were
      all significantly improved by SRT treatment (P less than 0.001). Seventeen
      children correctly identified the SRT period whilst six children showed no
      preference for either period. A single dose of SRT taken after supper is an
      effective treatment for nocturnal asthma in children.

PMID- 3884179
TI  - Detection of antigen-specific IgE-plaque-forming cells from peripheral-blood
      lymphocytes of ragweed- and grass-allergic patients.
AB  - The reverse haemolytic plaque assay was developed to measure antigen (AgE or rye
      grass I)-specific IgE-plaque-forming cells from the peripheral-blood lymphocytes
      of ragweed- and grass-allergic patients. The anti-IgE-developing antisera was
      shown to be isotype-specific, and the response of the assay was inhibited by 52%
      by the addition of 10 pg of antigen. In addition, the assay was shown to have a
      reproducibility (s.d.) of 15%. The blood lymphocytes from all fifteen atopic
      (grass and ragweed) patients were shown to form antigen-specific IgE-plaque
      forming cells during the pollen season (mean value 115 cells) and up to 6 months
      after the season (mean value 56 cells). Cycloheximide appears to block the
      formation of the plaque-forming cells. This method appears to be sensitive and
      reproducible enough to study in vitro IgE antibody synthesis of peripheral-blood
      lymphocytes from atopics.

PMID- 3884181
TI  - Determination of theophylline in serum with the Seralyzer Aris reagent strip test
      evaluated.
AB  - We evaluated a new Seralyzer Aris reagent strip test (Ames Div., Miles Labs.) for
      the determination of theophylline in human serum. The method is based on the
      monoclonal enzyme immunoassay with dry reagent chemistry. The analysis is rapid
      and simple to perform: results are available only 5-10 min after receipt of the
      sample. Intra-assay precision (CV) was 2.2-3.3% (n = 15) for theophylline
      concentrations of 5-25 mg/L; interassay CV was 5.9% (n = 19) at 15 mg/L. The
      results (y) agreed well with those by liquid chromatography (x): r = 0.949 (p
      less than 0.001), and y = 0.967x + 0.214. We conclude the method is useful for
      rapid evaluation of theophylline concentrations in asthmatic patients.

PMID- 3884182
TI  - Factors affecting the binding of disopyramide to serum proteins.
AB  - We investigated the influence of the following factors on the binding of
      disopyramide to serum proteins: method of drug quantification [enzyme immunoassay
      (EMIT) compared with liquid chromatography (HPLC)], separation technique
      (ultrafiltration vs equilibrium dialysis), temperature, pH, and total
      concentration of disopyramide. EMIT and HPLC measurements of disopyramide in
      ultrafiltrates prepared from 50 sera agreed well: EMIT = 1.046 HPLC + 0.042, (r =
      0.928, SEE = 0.04 mg/L). Free disopyramide concentrations in ultrafiltrates of
      dialyzed sera were similar to those measured in the corresponding dialysates by
      the EMIT method for 30 patients' sera: ultrafiltrate of serum retentate = 1.053
      dialysate + 0.042. Concentrations of free [14C]disopyramide were little affected
      by temperature. The concentration of free disopyramide decreased as the pH was
      increased from 7.0 to 7.8. The concentration of free disopyramide, as determined
      by ultrafiltration, is strongly and directly related to total drug concentration.
      In the sera of 50 cardiac patients receiving chronic therapy with disopyramide
      and with total disopyramide concentrations of 0.5 to 5.8 mg/L, the proportion of
      free disopyramide ranged from 16 to 54%.

PMID- 3884183
TI  - Highly sensitive immunoenzymometric assay for human thyrotropin.
AB  - A sensitive assay procedure for immunoenzymometric assay of serum thyrotropin
      (TSH) was developed by making several modifications of the Enzymun-Test TSH kit
      (Boehringer, Mannheim GmbH). Serum samples were first incubated in plastic tubes
      precoated with monoclonal antibodies specific to the beta subunit of human TSH.
      After the tubes were washed, the TSH bound to the tubes was detected with
      peroxidase-conjugated polyclonal antibodies to TSH. The sensitivity of the assay
      was 0.2 milli-int. unit/L, and the intra-and interassay CVs were less than 10%.
      Analytical recovery was 96 to 106%. The normal basal range of TSH was 0.5 to 4.8
      milli-int. units/L. The basal levels of TSH in all but one of 48 thyrotoxic
      patients with Graves' disease were less than 0.2 milli-int. unit/L, clearly
      different from those of normal subjects. Thyrotoxic patients in early normal
      pregnancy showed TSH concentrations of 1.7 to 2.9 milli-int. units/L by
      conventional double-antibody radioimmunoassay, possibly from cross reactivity
      with human choriogonadotropin, but undetectable TSH by this method. Measurement
      of basal TSH by this sensitive assay can be used as an initial screening test for
      thyroid dysfunction.

PMID- 3884184
TI  - Determination of serum ferritin by a one-step immunoenzymoassay, and comparison
      of four liver-ferritin standards.
AB  - We describe a one step "sandwich"-type immunoenzymoassay for ferritin in human
      serum. The solid-phase consists of glutaraldehyde-treated polypropylene tubes
      coated with rabbit antibody to human ferritin. Liver ferritin is the standard.
      Peroxidase-conjugated antiserum to ferritin and a sensitive chromogen, o
      phenylenediamine, are used. The assay requires 90 min. The standard curve is
      linear up to 400 micrograms of ferritin per liter of serum. Within- and between
      run CVs are less than 6% for low, high, and medium concentrations and are about
      13.0% at the decision level for iron deficiency. Results by a two-step "sandwich"
      procedure (New England Immunology Associates kit) correlated well, r = 0.98. We
      assessed four liver ferritin standards from different manufacturers with the
      described method. The mean absorbance for the 40 micrograms/L ferritin standard
      was 1.5 for that from Diagnostics Biochem and National Institute for Biological
      Standards and Controls, 1.0 for that from Dako, and 0.4 for that from Sigma.
      Consequently, to standardize results, all liver ferritin standards should be
      calibrated vs the National Institute for Biological Standards and Controls
      reference standard.

PMID- 3884185
TI  - Modification of urine EMIT-ST procedure for satisfactory use in pediatric
      practice.

PMID- 3884186
TI  - EMIT tests for drugs of abuse: interference by liquid soap preparations.

PMID- 3884187
TI  - Alteration in the nocturnal pulsatile release of GH during the induction of
      puberty using low dose pulsatile LHRH: a case report.
AB  - A 16.4 year old girl with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism had
      successful induction of puberty by administration of low dose LHRH by pulsatile
      subcutaneous infusion at night. Peak serum GH was increased with therapy but more
      importantly, pulsatile secretion of GH which was minimal before treatment, was
      restored after one week of LHRH treatment.

PMID- 3884188
TI  - Evidence for the participation of endogenous opioids in the sympathoadrenal
      response to hypoglycaemia in man.
AB  - The effects of the long acting met-enkephalin analogue D-Ala2-MePhe4-met
      enkephalin-O-ol (DAMME) and the opiate antagonist naloxone on the plasma
      catecholamine responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia have been investigated
      in two separate studies. DAMME depressed basal noradrenaline and adrenaline at 15
      min, and blunted both the noradrenaline and adrenaline responses to
      hypoglycaemia. Naloxone did not alter basal plasma catecholamines, but caused a
      significant enhancement of the adrenaline response to hypoglycaemia. Neither
      DAMME nor naloxone altered the blood glucose response to insulin-induced
      hypoglycaemia. These data are consistent with an inhibitory modulation of
      endogenous opioids in the sympathoadrenal response to insulin-induced
      hypoglycaemia in man.

PMID- 3884189
TI  - Neuroendocrinology of menopausal flushes: an hypothesis of flush mechanism.

PMID- 3884191
TI  - A new lethal chondrodysplasia with spondylocostal dysostosis, multiple internal
      anomalies and Dandy-Walker cyst.
AB  - We describe here a female infant, exhibiting lethal short-limbed dwarfism. The
      condition superficially resembled achondrogenesis. However, unlike
      achondrogenesis there was an associated severe spondylocostal dysostosis and
      major non-skeletal anomalies, particularly a cerebellar Dandy-Walker cyst,
      cardiovascular and urogenital malformations. The chondroosseous morphology was
      nonspecific. The case is believed to be unique. It is therefore suggested that
      this constellation of anomalies constitutes a "new" lethal syndrome, different
      from the delineated chondrodysplasias.

PMID- 3884192
TI  - Seasonal bullous eruption due to mosquitoes.

PMID- 3884190
TI  - Balanced reciprocal translocations: risk factors for aneuploid segregant
      viability.
AB  - Reciprocal translocations were studied in two groups of balanced carrier couples:
      202 had 210 translocation aneuploid between (LB) infants, and 95 couples had
      repetitive abortions (AB) without liveborn aneuploids. The observed translocation
      aneuploidies in the LB group were compared to predicted potential aneuploidies in
      AB by frequency of chromosome involvement, meiotic segregation mode, and mean
      trisomic, monosomic and combined genomic imbalances. Qualitative and quantitative
      differences identified genomic regions and chromosomes possibly vital for in
      utero survivability. LB aneuploidies indicate non-random chromosome involvement,
      selection of least detrimental segregants and segments, and predominant
      transmission from maternal balanced carriers (especially in 3:1 tertiary
      segregation, 93.5%). For an individual with a balanced reciprocal translocation
      and untested reproductive capability, an approach is given for predicting whether
      a translocation aneuploid conceptus will be liveborn or aborted.

PMID- 3884193
TI  - Clinical use of vitamin A and its derivatives--physiological and pharmacological
      aspects.

PMID- 3884194
TI  - Normal body hair--a review.

PMID- 3884195
TI  - An immunohistological approach to persistent lymphadenopathy and its relevance to
      AIDS.
AB  - Recent evidence has shown that not only AIDS but also the majority of
      'unexplained' persistent, generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) are related to HTLV
      III/LAV infections. The early detection how these changes may proceed to AIDS
      then become a prime interest. Eleven patients with PGL (10 homosexual males and
      one heterosexual haemophiliac) have been studied by immunohistology using
      monoclonal antibodies to dendritic reticulum cells of the germinal centre, T and
      B lymphocyte subsets, plasma cells and factor VIII, as an endothelial marker. In
      six cases only follicular and paracortical hyperplasia was detected, while in
      five other cases destruction of the dendritic reticulum cell network was seen
      with this sensitive method. This early destruction may explain the release of
      activated B cells into the circulation and prove to be an ominous prognostic
      sign, as it appears to correlate with 'prodromal' symptoms. In four out of 11
      cases the depletion of T4+ cells in the paracortex was not as severe as in the
      blood, indicating that T4+ cells may preferentially settle in tissues at the time
      of T4 lymphopenia. In addition, germinal centres contained an additional patchy
      infiltration of T8+ cells. A patient with Kaposi's sarcoma did not show germinal
      centre destruction but did reveal extensive plasma cell infiltrates.
      Immunohistology may contribute to the definition of prognosis and analysis of
      disease progression in patients with PGL.

PMID- 3884196
TI  - Bovine serum albumin (BSA) nephritis in rats. III. Antigen distribution in
      various organs.
AB  - We established an experimental model of immune complex glomerulonephritis (ICGN)
      in rats by daily i.v. administration of 2.0 mg of bovine serum albumin (BSA) for
      4 weeks (Yamamoto et al., 1978). In the present study, antigen distribution among
      various organs was evaluated in the whole course of the experimental rat model
      using the paired radiolabel technique and the direct immunofluorescent method. In
      the late stage of chronic serum sickness (CSS), antigen distribution to the liver
      decreased and that to the glomeruli increased remarkedly whereas hepatic
      distribution of the antigen was the highest among the organs in the early stage
      of CSS. BSA distribution in the glomeruli correlated positively with the
      distribution in blood and there was an inverse relationship between glomerular
      distribution of BSA and hepatic distribution throughout the course of CSS. These
      observations may show direct evidence that events in the liver influence the
      development of ICGN.

PMID- 3884197
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of human liver specific protein using rabbit
      antisera and the avidin-biotin complex technique.
AB  - A sensitive enzymatic avidin-biotin complex technique was utilized to locate the
      antigenic sites in human liver which react with rabbit antibodies to human liver
      specific protein (LSP). Depending on the rabbit antiserum used, anti-LSP reactive
      material was seen in different locations. (1) diffusely distributed in liver
      parenchymal cells, (2) in both hepatocyte cytoplasm and plasma membrane and (3)
      in hepatocyte plasma membrane only. The cytoplasmic staining was partially or
      totally abolished by preabsorption with human kidney homogenate whilst the plasma
      membrane staining remained uninfluenced. The latter was apparently confined to
      bile canalicular walls and may be liver specific in contrast to the cytoplasmic
      reaction which seems to be due to antigen determinants cross-reacting with tissue
      components in kidney.

PMID- 3884198
TI  - Specific proliferative response of human lymphocytes to purified soluble antigens
      from Plasmodium falciparum in vitro cultures and to antigens from malaria
      patients' sera.
AB  - Antigens of Plasmodium falciparum, in supernatants of in vitro cultures of the
      parasite were affinity purified on columns prepared with the IgG fraction of the
      serum of an immune individual. The purified antigens induced proliferation of
      lymphocytes from persons who had recently had malaria. The responses were
      strongest with lymphocytes from individuals infected with falciparum and ovale
      malaria; vivax malaria infections induced a lower level of response and
      lymphocytes of unsensitized individuals were little affected. Lymphocytes from
      unsensitized individuals did not respond to the affinity purified antigen
      preparations from malaria patients' sera indicating that significant amounts of
      non-specific mitogens were not present.

PMID- 3884199
TI  - Quantitation of anti-RNP and anti-Sm antibodies in MCTD and SLE patients by
      immunoblotting.
AB  - A quantitative immunoblotting assay (QIBA) for the determination of specific
      antibody titres in human autoimmune sera is described. In this assay, a total
      HeLa nuclear protein fraction, immobilized on nitrocellulose blot strips, was
      used as source of antigens and immunoreactive species of autoantibodies were
      quantitated by an enzyme linked second antibody procedure. Besides being more
      discriminative, QIBA appeared to be up to 500 times more sensitive than
      immunodiffusion or immunoelectrophoresis. In this study we used 21 sera from
      patients with SLE or MCTD for a quantitative analysis of their specific
      autoantibody content. Within this group, a very diverse spectrum of antibody
      populations was observed; anti-RNP sera appeared to contain, among others, high
      tired antibody versus 70K and 31K polypeptides while all (n = 6) anti-Sm sera
      recognized a 25kD protein doublet. In a follow-up study of two MCTD patients
      significant flares in specific antibody content could be observed.

PMID- 3884200
TI  - Mismatching for HLA-A, -B antigens and renal graft survival.
AB  - One hundred and seventy five recipients of a kidney graft were analyzed to see if
      mismatching for certain HLA-A, -B antigens was detrimental to graft survival. No
      association was found between graft survival and a specific mismatched HLA-A, -B
      antigen.

PMID- 3884201
TI  - Clinical experience with two-dimensional echocardiography to guide endomyocardial
      biopsy.
AB  - Two-dimensional echocardiography was used to aid right ventricular endomyocardial
      biopsy during 163 procedures in 83 patients being evaluated for myocarditis,
      cardiac transplant rejection, or drug toxicity. Thirty procedures were performed
      using combined echocardiography and fluoroscopy and 133 using echocardiography
      alone. For 80 of the 83 patients (96%) the forceps could be adequately visualized
      entering the right atrium, crossing the tricuspid valve, and advancing to the
      right ventricular apex and free wall. The catheter could be guided to biopsy the
      septum and sample multiple, separate sites along the right ventricular walls. By
      opening the forceps prior to contact with the myocardium, the right ventricular
      free wall could be biopsied without perforation. We found two-dimensional
      echocardiography to be a useful and safe technique for forceps visualization and
      manipulation in the right ventricle.

PMID- 3884202
TI  - Immunofluorescence in skin specimens from three different biopsy sites in
      patients with scleroderma.
AB  - Immunofluorescence (IF) data from three different biopsy sites (nailfold,
      forearm, buttock) were studied in 18 patients with scleroderma (SD, systemic
      sclerosis) and the results compared with those obtained from 10 normal controls
      (NC) and 7 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Immunoglobulin (Ig)
      deposits were detected by direct IF technique at the dermo-epidermal junction
      (DEJ) in 8/14 nailfolds, 6/15 forearms and in none of the buttock specimens of SD
      patients. Epidermal nuclear staining was present in 6/14 nailfolds, and in 6/15
      forearms and buttocks. The most prominent finding was the observation of multiple
      Ig deposits in the cuticle of 9/14 patients with SD. NC group was negative in all
      sites for epidermal nuclear staining and the only DEJ deposit occurred in the
      forearm of one subject. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Ig deposits
      in SD, both at the DEJ and in the epidermal nuclei, occur more often than
      previously reported and are especially frequent in the nailfold & cuticle area.

PMID- 3884203
TI  - Complement activating rheumatoid factors in rheumatoid arthritis studied by
      haemolysis in gel: relation to antibody class and response to treatment with
      podophyllotoxin derivatives.
AB  - Complement (C) activating rheumatoid factors (RF) were measured in 16 patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by a simple haemolysis in gel (HIG) assay. IgM-RF,
      but not IgG-RF or IgA-RF, measured by an enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay, were
      closely correlated with C activating RF (r = 0.86). In neither assay did the
      concentrations of RF appear to be directly related to C1 activation as expressed
      by serum concentrations of C1r-C1s-C1 inactivator complexes or of C4. In the
      sera, C1q binding substances, measured by C1q binding assay, were markedly
      correlated with C activating RF (r = 0.88), whereas C1q binding substances
      detected by the C1q deviation test were not. Treatment with podophyllotoxin
      derivatives for 6 months clearly reduced patients' RF concentrations. The
      decrease of IgG-RF, IgA-RF and IgM-RF was significantly more pronounced than that
      of the IgG, IgA and IgM concentrations, respectively.

PMID- 3884204
TI  - Cellular control of antinuclear antibody production. Anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm
      plaque forming cells in SLE patients and normal individuals.
AB  - The in vitro response of lymphocytes to dsDNA, Sm, and Pokeweed Mitogen (PWM) and
      the role of monocytes in the control of this response were studied in 21 SLE and
      14 healthy individuals. Specific hemolytic plaque assays were used to enumerate
      peripheral blood B lymphocytes secreting anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm antibodies. After
      7 days in tissue culture without stimulation, anti-dsDNA or anti-Sm Plaque
      Forming Cells (PFC) were observed in 75% of SLE patients and 45% of normals. PWM,
      dsDNA, and Sm stimulation raised the levels of anti-dsDNA PFC in 25%, 37%, and
      83% of SLE cultures respectively, and in all but one normal culture. PWM and
      dsDNA induced a decrease in anti-dsDNA PFC in 50% and 62% of SLE cultures. This
      suppressive effect was mainly exerted on spontaneous high producers of anti-dsDNA
      PFC. Monocyte depletion from cultures resulted in a decrease in PFC formation in
      all normals studied and in 7 SLE cultures. In 2 SLE cultures with no stimulation
      and one dsDNA stimulated culture, the number of anti-nuclear PFC increased after
      monocyte depletion. In cocultures of allogeneic, HLA-DR identical mononuclear
      cells, dsDNA pulsed SLE monocytes appeared more efficient than pulsed normal
      monocytes in helping to generate anti-dsDNA PFC. SLE lymphocytes responded less
      well than normals to dsDNA. These results suggest that: nuclear antigens may act
      as stimulators or suppressor of the specific autoimmune response, depending on
      the immune status of the SLE patient; and that abnormalities in both monocyte and
      lymphocyte responses lead to the excessive secretion of anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm
      antibodies by SLE B lymphocytes.

PMID- 3884205
TI  - The etiology of arthrogryposis (multiple congenital contracture).
AB  - In laboratory animals, prenatal contractures have been induced by viruses,
      neuromuscular blocking agents, toxins, insecticides, hyperthermia, and limb
      immobilization. In agricultural animals, prenatal contractures are related to
      pregnant animals foraging on plants containing toxic alkaloids. Epizootics of
      prenatal contractures in cattle have been related to Akabane viral infections,
      which can now be prevented by vaccination. Human arthrogryposis (multiple
      congenital contracture) may occur in any synovial joint in a large variety of
      combinations. Several lethal syndromes commonly associated with prenatal
      contractures (Pena Shokeir 1 and 11, Potter's) provide supportive evidence for
      the following concept of prenatal contracture etiology. Evidence is provided that
      indicates that the following multiple etiologic factors are related to production
      of human arthrogryposis: mutagenic agents, mitotic abnormalities, toxic chemicals
      or drugs, hyperthermia, neuromuscular blocking agents, and mechanical
      immobilization. These multiple factors mediate their effect via the central
      nervous system (craniospinal motor neuraxis), motor end-plates, or by primary
      degeneration of muscle. The resultant effect is loss of muscle mass with
      imbalance of muscle power at the joints, which provokes a collagenic response
      (Law of the Connective Tissue). The collagenic response consists of partial
      replacement of muscle volume and collagenous thickening of the joint capsules.
      The latter process leads to joint fixation.

PMID- 3884206
TI  - Chondroblastoma of a metacarpal. Report of a case and review of the literature.
AB  - A 25-year-old white man had a tender mass on the dorsum of his hand. Routine
      examination and radiographs revealed a benign lytic neoplasm in the base of the
      ring metacarpal. The primary treatment consisted of curettage and cancellous bone
      grafting. The biopsy diagnosis was chondroblastoma. The patient is asymptomatic
      and has a normal radiograph after a follow-up period of one year. This unusual
      tumor has seldom been reported at sites distal to the wrist. The report of this
      chondroblastoma serves as a reminder that not all benign lytic processes in the
      hand are enchondromas.

PMID- 3884208
TI  - The classic. A human monster with inwardly curved extremities. By Adolph Wilhelm
      Otto, 1841.

PMID- 3884207
TI  - Femoral shaft nonunion treated by a fluted intramedullary rod.
AB  - Twenty-five consecutive nonunions or delayed unions of the femoral shaft were
      treated by a fluted intramedullary rod. Fourteen patients were men; 11 were
      women. Sixteen fractures represented failures of closed management. Five patients
      had failures of primary open reduction and internal fixation. Four patients had
      had one attempt at operative treatment of nonunion. All but one fracture united.
      The one exception required a second procedure. Excellent bending and rotary
      fixation were achieved and union occurred promptly in most cases. Iliac crest
      bone grafting was not routinely required for good results. There were no major
      complications in this series. Two patients with severe knee extension
      contractures required quadricepsplasty at a later date to recover knee motion.
      One fracture healed with a 15 degree valgus malunion. The strength and rigidity
      make this device extremely reliable for the treatment of femoral shaft nonunion.

PMID- 3884209
TI  - Conventional techniques for thumb reconstruction.
AB  - After a century of surgical efforts at making a thumb, the development of
      microvascular surgical technology has extended the surgeon's capabilities in
      reconstruction. Advances in technology occur not in a vacuum of knowledge but
      from an understanding of the traditional established principles of the structure
      and physiology of the hand.

PMID- 3884210
TI  - The classic. Plastic surgery of the thumb and organic substitution of the
      fingertip (anticheiroplastic surgery and finger plastic surgery). By Carl
      Nicoladoni, 1900.

PMID- 3884211
TI  - The choice of procedure following thumb amputation.
AB  - The attributes that make the thumb unique are position, stability, strength,
      length, motion, sensibility, and appearance. Of these qualities, the first four
      must be present to an acceptable extent for function to approach normality, while
      the latter three are very desirable but not essential. Reconstructive
      alternatives following amputation can be considered in four broad groups: where
      the length is acceptable but the covering is poor; subtotal amputation, where
      length is equivocal; total amputation with the basal joint preserved; and total
      amputation with the basal joint destroyed. In the first group, soft-tissue cover
      can be improved by local flaps with or without a neurovascular pedicle or by
      microvascular free pulp transfer. In the second group, metacarpal lengthening by
      distraction, with or without phalangization, may give adequate length. In total
      amputations, one may choose osteoplastic reconstruction, pollicization, or toe-to
      hand transfer. Which solution is selected depends on the level of the amputation,
      the presence and nature of injuries to other digits, occupational and social
      factors, and the availability of tissues.

PMID- 3884212
TI  - Thumb web reconstruction.
AB  - Contracture of the thumb-index web space negates the ability of the thumb to
      diverge from the remainder of the hand and consequently to converge toward the
      fingers in grasp. This is a review of the anatomy of the tetrahedral space and
      defines the secondary factors leading to web space restriction, including factors
      related to the mechanism of injury. Treatment is determined by the severity of
      the condition. The impairment is classified as mild, moderate, or severe,
      depending on the magnitude of the tissue damage. Specific treatment for joint
      contractures, bone defects, muscle fibrosis, and inappropriate skin coverage is
      presented by a format of functional anatomy and surgical technology. Prevention
      of web space contracture is the key to success.

PMID- 3884213
TI  - Thumb reconstruction by the wrap-around method.
AB  - Reconstruction of a thumb amputated distal to the metacarpophalangeal joint can
      be accomplished by the "wrap-around" procedure. The operative procedure calls for
      an iliac crest graft to replace the bone of the amputated thumb. A flap from the
      great toe with innervation and circulation intact, including the toenail as well
      as sensory nerve, is wrapped around an iliac crest graft in a single-stage
      reconstruction of the thumb. This procedure allows a nice aesthetic result; the
      nail is transferred, sensibility is restored to the amputated thumb through the
      transferred neurovascularly intact flap, and the procedure is done at a single
      sitting. Results to date have been excellent in ten patients.

PMID- 3884214
TI  - Pulmonary imaging in pregnancy. Maternal risk and fetal dosimetry.
AB  - A Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) perfusion lung scan and a Tc-99m DTPA
      aerosol ventilation scan were performed for suspicion of pulmonary embolism (PE)
      in a patient who was ten weeks pregnant. There was considerable reluctance on the
      part of the obstetricians to permit this study. Standard MIRD dose estimates to
      the fetus were performed, which showed a maximum fetal exposure of about 50 mrem.
      It was concluded that the risk to mother and fetus from undiagnosed and untreated
      PE is much greater than the negligible risk to the fetus from the radiation
      exposure; fear of fetal radiation damage should not be a deterrent to performing
      these scans.

PMID- 3884215
TI  - "Butterfly" pattern of uptake in posterior brain scan in diffuse histiocytic
      lymphoma.

PMID- 3884216
TI  - Primer and atlas for renal transplant scintigraphy (flow, Tc-99m DTPA, I-131
      Hippuran).

PMID- 3884217
TI  - Diagnosis of splenic rupture in malignant lymphoma using radionuclides.
AB  - The case of a 59-year-old woman with malignant lymphoma who was investigated for
      fever and left upper quadrant abdominal pain is presented. A combined spleen/lung
      scan showed marked medial displacement of an enlarged spleen and a gallium scan
      showed increased splenic uptake consistent with lymphomatous infiltration. The
      diagnosis of prior splenic rupture with subphrenic hematoma was confirmed at
      laparotomy.

PMID- 3884219
TI  - Neonatal cardiac output measurement using pulsed Doppler ultrasound.
AB  - Recent developments in range-gated pulsed Doppler ultrasound velocimetry have
      offered a noninvasive technique for the quantitative measurement of blood flow
      and cardiac output that can be applied to the neonate and small infant. If used
      appropriately, pulsed Doppler ultrasound can be useful in clinical management of
      the ill neonate and can improve our understanding of cardiovascular physiology in
      both normal developmental and pathologic states.

PMID- 3884218
TI  - The long-term outcome of nonsuppurative otitis media with effusion.
AB  - Seventy-four children were enrolled in a double-blind placebo-controlled study to
      define the outcome of nonsuppurative otitis media with effusion (OME) over a 12
      week period. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three treatment
      groups: pseudoephedrine (4 mg/kg/day), chlorpheniramine (0.35 mg/kg/day), or
      placebo. The children were reexamined at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after enrollment
      unless earlier dismissed from the study because OME resolved or acute suppurative
      otitis media developed. Of the 66 children completing the study protocol, 44
      percent had resolved OME, 38 percent developed acute suppurative otitis media, 14
      percent had unresolved OME, and 4 percent developed severe hearing loss or
      medication side effects by the end of 12 weeks. The greatest incidence of both
      suppurative otitis media and resolution of OME occurred by 2 weeks of follow-up.
      There was no significant difference in resolution of effusion between treatment
      groups. Children who were 18 months of age or older with unilateral effusion had
      the best likelihood of resolution.

PMID- 3884220
TI  - Neonatal cerebral blood flow velocity measurement.
AB  - This article discusses the background, methodology, previous clinical studies,
      and the clinical role and limitations of the noninvasive Doppler technique in the
      assessment of the cerebral circulation of the newborn infant.

PMID- 3884221
TI  - Neonatal cerebral pathology diagnosed by ultrasound.
AB  - This article discusses cranial ultrasonography in various clinical settings.
      Since 1979, the authors have screened all preterm infants for intracranial
      hemorrhage, and here they present their experience with hemorrhage and its
      sequel, ventricular dilatation. Also discussed is the use of cranial
      ultrasonography in infants with seizures and encephalopathy and in infants with
      abnormal head growth or suspected cerebral malformations.

PMID- 3884222
TI  - Neonatal disorders diagnosed with ultrasound.
AB  - This article discusses a large number of neonatal conditions for which
      ultrasound, by virtue of its noninvasiveness and its minimum of disturbance to
      the neonate, is the ideal mode for first investigation.

PMID- 3884223
TI  - Noninvasive blood pressure measurement in the neonate.
AB  - Measurements of blood pressure are important in the care of the critically ill
      neonate. Although direct measurement of mean arterial pressure remains the
      standard, noninvasive methods provide clinically useful estimations of pressure.
      Clinicians are often faced with situations where measurements of pressure
      obtained by direct and indirect methods do not agree. Although the explanation
      for this is not entirely clear, at least two factors are important: first, direct
      techniques measure pressure while indirect (noninvasive) methods measure flow;
      second, neither direct or indirect measurements are straightforward and both are
      subject to error. Of the noninvasive methods, the oscillometric and Doppler
      devices appear to be most clinically useful in the newborn intensive care unit.

PMID- 3884225
TI  - Anesthesia in head and neck surgery. Head and neck cancer surgery and
      maxillofacial trauma.
AB  - Safe anesthetic management of head and neck surgery and maxillofacial trauma
      depends on an accurate identification of ancillary problems, precise
      intraoperative monitoring, and treatment. Protocols facilitate thorough
      management, and a discussion is provided.

PMID- 3884226
TI  - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The essentials.
AB  - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques are intended to revive those who
      experience an unexpected respiratory or circulatory catastrophe. The skills of
      CPR are reviewed for the surgeon, whose patients may need this assistance.
      Advances in the basic understanding, techniques, teaching, and practice of CPR
      have led to the saving of countless lives.

PMID- 3884224
TI  - Acute renal effects of sulindac and indomethacin in chronic renal failure.
AB  - The effects of 2 days of oral dosing with sulindac (200 mg twice a day) or
      indomethacin (75 mg twice a day) on glomerular filtration rate, urinary excretion
      of prostaglandin E2, sodium homeostasis, and other renal function parameters were
      investigated in eight patients with chronic stable impaired renal function.
      Indomethacin reduced creatinine clearance (from 41.0 +/- 7.9 to 30.3 +/- 6.3
      ml/min) and increased serum levels of creatinine and beta 2-microglobulin.
      Sulindac had no effect on any of these parameters. Both drugs induced depression
      of urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion; this depression was greater after
      indomethacin. Urinary sodium excretion fell from 144.4 +/- 18.7 to 85.5 +/- 9.7
      mmol/24 hr after indomethacin and from 131.7 +/- 11.6 to 103.4 +/- 13.3 mmol/24
      hr after sulindac. Body weight increased 1.2 kg after indomethacin but was not
      changed by sulindac. Plasma renin activity was reduced from 2.3 +/- 0.8 to 1.7 +/
      0.6 nmol/L/hr by sulindac and from 2.8 +/- 0.8 to 1.5 +/- 0.5 nmol/L/hr by
      indomethacin. Urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and kallikrein excretion was
      not changed by either drug. Our data suggest that sulindac affects renal
      prostaglandin E2 synthesis and sodium excretion in patients with severe renal
      failure to a lesser extent than does indomethacin. Sulindac still seems to be the
      drug of choice in this group of patients, but glomerular filtration rate, body
      weight, and electrolyte balance should be carefully monitored.

PMID- 3884227
TI  - Local anesthesia.
AB  - In summary, many surgical procedures may be safely and comfortably performed
      utilizing regional anesthesia if only a few guidelines are followed as to choice
      and usage of local anesthetics. The success of a regional block will always be
      dependent upon correct needle placement by an experienced physician with good
      technical skills. However, the safety of the patient is not solely a function of
      experience. Modern local anesthetic preparations are reliable enough and simple
      enough to use that all physicians should be capable of achieving optimal patient
      safety at all times. If placed in a position which seems to require unfamiliar
      knowledge or expertise, the practitioner need only seek a consultant
      anesthesiologist for assistance. Plastic surgery is recognized as a specialty
      that frequently utilizes local anesthetics for office and outpatient procedures.
      The manner in which these drugs are used or abused determines their clinical
      reputation as well as that of the physician. It is important to promote a correct
      understanding of local anesthetic compounds, not only among ourselves as
      physicians, but also among our patients, who are becoming ever more knowledgeable
      of medical practice as time goes on.

PMID- 3884228
TI  - Monitoring the plastic surgical patient.
AB  - Monitoring has now developed to the extent that it is widely accepted if used
      properly and that it benefits patients at great risk. We must accept the place
      that monitoring now occupies, as aptly put by the late Myron Laver, "What we once
      considered appropriate for the academic environment has now become mundane and
      almost a mandatory maneuver if we are to navigate the ill through their complex
      physiological and biochemical perturbations. We are no longer limited to the
      recording of heart sounds and electrical activity." We now have the capabilities
      of monitoring physiologic parameters that can affect the course of the surgical
      patient. When applied with logic based on physical and historic information,
      invasive and noninvasive hemodynamic-pulmonary monitoring can be extremely
      helpful to the practicing plastic surgeon.

PMID- 3884230
TI  - Anesthesia for plastic surgery in the pediatric patient.
AB  - The anesthetic management of pediatric patients for plastic surgical procedures
      requires close cooperation and understanding between the surgeon and
      anesthesiologist. Success depends upon avoidance of psychological trauma,
      establishment and maintenance of a secure airway, and adequate access to the
      vascular system.

PMID- 3884229
TI  - General anesthesia.
AB  - The general anesthetic course has been made acceptably safe with the development
      of modern anesthetic agents and techniques and increased capabilities for
      monitoring patient organ systems. Each area of surgery has features unique to its
      specialty. Consideration of these aspects when planning an anesthetic and
      surgical course, as well as the importance of the team effort, cannot be
      overemphasized.

PMID- 3884231
TI  - Anesthesia in the geriatric patient.
AB  - Geriatric anesthesia, or anesthesia in the aged, is no different from anesthesia
      in younger patients, except that it takes less and lasts longer. Both the
      anesthesiologist and the surgeon must treat the aged patient with care and
      gentleness. We must be ever aware that each vital system can be irreparably
      damaged by our slightest inattention to minute detail. Dr. Harold Griffith once
      said, "The straw which breaks the camel's back may be a very small one when the
      camel is nearing the end of its journey."

PMID- 3884232
TI  - Anesthesia for patients with cardiac disease.
AB  - The entire spectrum of cardiac disease may be seen in patients who are in need of
      plastic surgical procedures. To conduct the patient safely through the
      perioperative period, the anesthesiologist and surgeon must carefully evaluate
      each patient preoperatively and understand the pathophysiology of the cardiac
      disease. In this article the preoperative evaluation and anesthetic and
      postoperative considerations for plastic surgical patients with four types of
      cardiac disease (congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, valvular
      cardiac disease, and congestive cardiomyopathy) are discussed.

PMID- 3884233
TI  - Complications in plastic surgical anesthesia.
AB  - The possibilities for complications in plastic surgical procedures are
      widespread. Many of these have been discussed elsewhere in this symposium. An
      attempt has been made to discuss a few other complications for which immediate
      action would be necessary by the plastic surgeon in charge. Immediate application
      of correct principles of diagnosis and treatment can be lifesaving. A thorough
      understanding of all mechanisms of injury abnormality may not be possible or even
      required. However, sufficient knowledge should be present to allow prompt
      diagnosis and initial emergency treatment by the operating surgeon. This
      knowledge will enable the surgeon to assume his responsibility in the complete
      care of his patient before, during, and after surgery.

PMID- 3884234
TI  - Regional anesthesia in the upper extremity.
AB  - We have attempted to formulate a guide for surgeons who operate frequently on the
      hand and upper extremity and who wish to learn how to provide their own local
      anesthesia. The methods that we have presented are those that work well in our
      hands and are in frequent use in our practices. We recognize very clearly that
      there are other methods and that these work well for other surgeons. The method
      itself is not of great importance (given that it is safe and effective), but the
      philosophy of learning is. By observation and by practice, the surgeon will gain
      further mastery of his specialty; we feel strongly that local anesthesia is as
      much or more a part of surgery than it is of any other specialty. Reading and
      observation are important. Dissection, whether in the operating room as part of a
      surgical procedure or in the anatomy laboratory or morgue, is of great benefit in
      learning the whereabouts and relationships of the nerves that are to be blocked.
      In the end, however, the surgeon simply must try the various blocks himself on
      his own patients. Failure is not a calamity; we have tried to emphasize that
      there are ways to recover with a reasonable degree of grace. The worst calamity
      is not to learn, not become facile with techniques that are so ideally suited to
      surgery in the upper extremity.

PMID- 3884235
TI  - Salt-induced hypertension in the 'Sabra' rat strain: influence of nifedipine
      treatment.
AB  - The effects of chronic dietary salt-loading and nifedipine therapy on
      hypertension-prone (SBH), -resistant (SBN) and parental (SB) Sabra rats were
      investigated. Salt diet for 12 weeks resulted in a sustained hypertension and
      heart hypertrophy only in SBH. Nifedipine therapy (300 p.p.m. = 300 mg/kg of
      food) introduced after week 7 on a salt diet, achieved small changes in salt
      loaded SBN and SB rats, but resulted in a marked decrease in blood pressure in
      SBH rats within 1 week and in a regression of cardiac hypertrophy. Plasma renin
      activity rose slightly in nifedipine treated SB and SBN rats, but decreased
      significantly in treated SBH rats. Histopathological investigations revealed
      hypertensive vasculopathy in three out of nine untreated SBH rats, whereas there
      were no morphological changes in the treated rats.

PMID- 3884236
TI  - The effect of acutely reduced plasma osmolality on acute renal failure in rats.
AB  - The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of acute fall in plasma
      osmolality in three models of acute tubular necrosis in rats: (a) glycerol, (b)
      arterial clamping and (c) mercuric chloride. Plasma osmolality was reduced by a
      water loading during a mild anaesthesia from 305 +/- 7 to 270 +/- 12 mosmol/kg of
      water (P less than 0.01). In the ischaemic models of acute tubular necrosis
      (glycerol and arterial clamping), during the first 24 h in rats with reduced
      plasma osmolality, the respective creatinine clearance rates (CCR), 0.04 +/- 0.02
      and 0.06 +/- 0.04 ml/min, were strikingly lower than those in rats with normal
      osmolality, 0.21 +/- 0.03 and 0.26 +/- 0.06 ml/min (P less than 0.001)
      respectively. The control CCR were 0.65 +/- 0.07 and 0.62 +/- 0.07 ml/min
      respectively. During the second day after induction of ischaemic (glycerol and
      arterial clamping) acute tubular necrosis, rats with reduced plasma osmolality
      exhibited a similar worsening in CCR as on the first day, when compared with that
      in rats with normal osmolality. In rats with acute tubular necrosis induced with
      mercuric chloride reduction in plasma osmolality did not aggravate the severity
      of renal failure. These results show that acute fall in plasma osmolality worsens
      the renal failure in the ischaemic but not in the nephrotoxic models of acute
      tubular necrosis.

PMID- 3884238
TI  - Antidiuretic hormone response to volume depletion in diabetic patients with
      cardiac autonomic dysfunction.
AB  - Thirty-three insulin-dependent diabetic patients were separated into two groups
      from the results of three different tests for cardiac vagal neuropathy: heart
      rate response to deep breathing, Valsalva manoeuvre and heart rate response to
      postural change. Seventeen patients were considered as without ('intact'
      patients) and 16 as with ('denervated' patients) cardiac autonomic dysfunction.
      One patient with a transplanted heart was also studied. Plasma antidiuretic
      hormone (ADH), plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity (PRA) were measured
      immediately before and 60 min after intravenous administration of frusemide and
      passage from lying to standing. The kinetics of hormonal responses were analysed
      more precisely (five blood collections) in six patients of each group who were
      studied again. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded before each blood
      collection. Volume depletion estimated from the rise in plasma protein (+ 11.9
      and + 12.2% in 'denervated' and 'intact' patients respectively) and heart rate
      response (+ 1.06 and + 14.7%) were similar in both groups. Mean blood pressure
      was unchanged in the 'intact' patients whereas it fell in the 'denervated'
      patients (-13.5%). PRA (+ 161.5 and + 231.2%  in 'denervated' and 'intact'
      patients respectively) and plasma aldosterone (+ 318.2 and 279%) increased in
      both groups whereas plasma ADH was stimulated only in 'intact' patients (+
      55.3%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3884237
TI  - Urinary kallikrein and systemic prostacyclin synthesis during sodium chloride
      infusion in normal man.
AB  - An intravenous infusion of 3 litres of sodium chloride solution (saline: 150
      mmol/l) was given over 1 h to normal subjects. During and immediately after the
      infusion, renal plasma flow increased in the majority of subjects, but the rise
      was not statistically significant. Significant increases in urine flow, sodium
      excretion, urinary kallikrein excretion and urinary excretion of dinor-6-keto
      prostaglandin (PG) F1 alpha, a measure of systemic PGI2 synthesis, were noted.
      Plasma renin activity and plasma protein concentration were significantly lowered
      by the infusion. At 2 h after the end of the infusion, although urine flow fell
      significantly, sodium excretion had not decreased. The reduction in plasma renin
      activity and plasma proteins persisted, and excretion of kallikrein and the PGI2
      metabolite returned to control values. Overall, urinary kallikrein excretion
      correlated significantly with urine flow and with sodium excretion. Peak
      kallikrein excretion occurred in the second 30 min of the infusion, and preceded
      maximal urine flow and sodium excretion. The results suggest that increased
      systemic synthesis of PGI2 occurs in response to an acute infusion of sodium
      chloride, and may be an adaptive response of the vasculature to volume expansion.
      They support a role for the renal kallikrein-kinin system in the early diuretic
      and natriuretic response to saline infusion; the reduction in plasma renin
      activity and plasma protein concentration may be involved in both the early
      response and the persistent natriuresis 2 h after the infusion.

PMID- 3884239
TI  - Effects of glucose and D-3-hydroxybutyrate on human pancreatic islet cell
      function.
AB  - Beta-Cell function in human islets derived from a number of kidney donors was
      investigated by using various types of islet preparations. With fresh islets,
      both insulin release and biosynthesis were increased by raising glucose
      concentrations, although the response was a variable one. In fresh islets, the
      effects of 5 mmol of glucose/l on release were potentiated by 10 mmol of D-3
      hydroxybutyrate/l. Insulin release at 20 mmol of glucose/l was inhibited by
      adrenaline (0.1 mmol/l), and potentiated by theophylline (10 mmol/l) in the
      presence of 5 mmol of glucose/l, in islets cultured for 4 days. After culture for
      8 days, islets still showed an increase in insulin release and biosynthesis in
      response to glucose. Pancreas slices derived from fresh human tissue also
      responded to increasing concentrations of glucose with a sigmoidal curve for
      insulin release.

PMID- 3884240
TI  - Cholesterol gallstone pathogenesis: a study of potential nucleating agents for
      cholesterol crystal formation in bile.
AB  - Cholesterol monohydrate crystal formation was measured quantitatively in model
      bile solutions, which were supersaturated with cholesterol, by a radiochemical
      method and qualitatively in human gallbladder bile by polarizing microscopy.
      Various agents, which have been postulated to act as nucleating factors for
      cholesterol crystal and gallstone formation, were added to bile and their effect
      on the appearance of cholesterol crystals was determined. These agents included
      calcium salts found in gallstones (calcite, aragonite, apatite, bilirubinate),
      Escherichia coli bacteria, pigment residues from cholesterol gallstones,
      bilirubin and several mucin preparations. Human gallbladder bile, which was
      collected from patients with and without cholesterol gallstones, was also mixed
      with model bile to examine whether nucleating or anti-nucleating factors were
      present. None of the agents tested markedly and consistently promoted cholesterol
      monohydrate crystal formation in model or human bile, except seed crystals of
      cholesterol monohydrate which were used as a control. Human gallbladder bile from
      obese patients without gallstones delayed the appearance of cholesterol crystals
      in model bile solutions, whereas gallbladder bile from gallstone patients did
      not. These results do not provide experimental support for the hypothesis that
      calcium salts and pigment material found in gallstones, or gallbladder mucin at
      concentrations less than 10 mg/ml, act as nucleating agents for cholesterol
      crystal and stone formation. The difference between gallbladder biles from
      patients with and without gallstones in their propensity to form cholesterol
      crystals may be due to the presence of an anti-nucleating factor in normal bile.

PMID- 3884241
TI  - Lack of effect of indomethacin on systemic and splanchnic haemodynamics in portal
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - Portal hypertension was produced experimentally in rats by partial constriction
      of the portal vein. Twelve rats were injected daily with indomethacin, 4 mg/kg
      body weight, and 12 with the vehicle (80% ethanol, 0.5 ml/day). There were no
      differences in portal-systemic shunts nor systemic or splanchnic haemodynamics
      between indomethacin-treated and untreated rats. These results suggest that cyclo
      oxygenase products do not play a significative role in haemodynamic alterations
      shown by portal-ligated rats.

PMID- 3884242
TI  - Renin-aldosterone system suppression during water immersion in renovascular
      hypertension.
AB  - We studied renin-aldosterone system behaviour in five renovascular hypertensive
      patients during central hypervolaemia by water immersion to the neck. Water
      immersion significantly suppressed the high peripheral renin levels of the
      patients despite an autonomic renin secretion from the stenotic kidney, a
      significant reduction of mean blood pressure and an increase in distal tubule
      sodium concentration. The effect of immersion on plasma aldosterone appeared to
      be primarily mediated via suppression of plasma renin activity (PRA). Our data
      suggest that: (a) the renin secretion is mainly modulated by cardiopulmonary
      receptors activity; (b) the neurogenic reflex control of plasma renin activity is
      very effective in renovascular hypertension.

PMID- 3884243
TI  - Detection of Clostridium botulinum type B toxin in the presence of a lethal
      substance interfering with toxin neutralization.
AB  - A low molecular weight substance that induced seizures and death in mice was
      present in the stool of a child with infant botulism. This interfered with mouse
      bioassay used for detecting Clostridium botulinum toxin. After removal of the
      interfering substance by a prolonged dialysis with buffered saline, in vivo
      neutralization of botulinal toxin was readily achieved. Alternatively, the
      botulinal toxin was demonstrated in stool of the infant by an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using antibodies produced in immunologically
      tolerant rabbits.

PMID- 3884244
TI  - Repeat subculture of known positive blood cultures: costly and ineffective in
      detecting polymicrobial bacteremias.
AB  - Reincubation and subsequent subculture at 72 h of previously positive blood
      cultures failed to demonstrate an increase in detection of polymicrobial
      bacteremia as has been previously reported. These procedures increased the cost
      of blood cultures between 140-192% without yielding new organisms. No new
      information was gained in 94.7% of cultures and, in 11.1% of the cultures, less
      information was obtained either because the cultures were sterile or because the
      original organisms could not be reisolated.

PMID- 3884245
TI  - Comparison of the Isolator 1.5 Microbial Tube with a conventional blood culture
      broth system for detection of bacteremia in children.
AB  - A lysis direct plating technique, utilizing the Isolator 1.5 Microbial Tube (Du
      Pont Company) was compared to a conventional two-bottle culture system during a
      prospective study conducted in a children's hospital. Specimens were processed so
      that the amounts of blood allocated to each conventional blood culture bottle and
      the Isolator tube were as equivalent as possible. Of the 1,823 specimens
      enrolled, 93 (5.1%) yielded growth of 102 clinically significant isolates. Lysis
      direct plating and conventional blood culture bottles detected 85 and 89 of the
      isolates, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed
      between the two methods in the overall efficiency of organism recovery or in the
      detection of any specific organism. Contamination rates during the entire study
      were 14.1% and 3.6% for lysis direct plating and conventional blood culture
      bottles, respectively. The mean time to availability of colonies of clinically
      significant isolates from specimens positive by both methods was 29 hr and 35 hr
      for lysis direct plating and conventional blood culture bottles, respectively. We
      conclude that lysis direct plating offers an attractive alternative to
      conventional blood culture bottles for the processing of blood cultures from
      pediatric patients.

PMID- 3884246
TI  - New stroke diagnostic techniques for patient management of ischemic stroke.

PMID- 3884248
TI  - Collagens in atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3884247
TI  - Immunolocalization of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing proteins in
      developing molar tooth germs of the rat.
AB  - The localization of dentin gamma-carboxyglutamic acid containing proteins (DGP's)
      was examined in rat molar tooth germs at various stages of development by
      immunostaining with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Odontoblasts and their
      processes stained positive, whereas all other cells were negative. No staining
      was found in predentin. Dentin stained only after a mild demineralization. The
      results support the concept that DGP's are deposited by odontoblasts directly
      into the mineralizing dentin.

PMID- 3884249
TI  - Differences in the inhibitory effects of N-(1-n-dodecyl)-heterocycles on the 2,3
      oxidosqualene lanosterol-cyclase of rat liver and yeast.
AB  - The ability of thirteen N-(1-n-dodecyl)-heterocyclic compounds and one N-(1-n
      fluoroalkyl)-heterocyclic compound to inhibit the 2,3-oxidosqualene lanosterol
      cyclase of rat liver and yeast has been tested. Eight of the N-(1-n-dodecyl)
      heterocycles inhibited the rat liver enzyme well but none inhibited the yeast
      enzyme at 100 microM concentrations. The N-(1-fluoroalkyl)-heterocycle inhibited
      the rat liver enzyme mildly but did not inhibit the yeast enzyme at 100 microM
      concentration. It is evident that the rat liver and yeast cyclases are different;
      the possible nature of these differences is discussed.

PMID- 3884250
TI  - Postorthodontic temporary fixation and the resin-bonded fixed prosthesis.

PMID- 3884251
TI  - Control of form and function for esthetics in the maxillary anterior porcelain
      fused-to-metal restoration.

PMID- 3884252
TI  - The clinical effectiveness of a transparent visible light-polymerized sealant: 24
      month results.

PMID- 3884254
TI  - Nurse profile: Nancy Ryan.

PMID- 3884253
TI  - Textile fiber dermatitis.
AB  - The review discusses acute and cumulative irritant, allergic contact dermatitis,
      contact urticaria, and exacerbation of atopic dermatitis due to the physical and
      chemical nature of textile fibers.

PMID- 3884255
TI  - Soluble-factor induction of B-cell growth.

PMID- 3884256
TI  - T-cell-replacing factor and its acceptor site on B cells: molecular properties
      and immunogenetic aspects.

PMID- 3884257
TI  - In vivo administration of interleukin-2.

PMID- 3884258
TI  - Toward the molecular biology of IL-2.

PMID- 3884259
TI  - Interleukin-2 and the regulation of natural killer activity in cultured cell
      populations.

PMID- 3884260
TI  - Chemotherapy of lupus nephropathy.

PMID- 3884261
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance: status of clinical application.

PMID- 3884262
TI  - Laboratory animal medicine. Changes and challenges.
AB  - Less than three decades have elapsed since the specialty of laboratory animal
      medicine was first formally recognized. Tremendous progress and maturation has
      occurred in this short time frame due in large part to the foresight of early
      pioneers in the field, attention to the moral and ethical use of animals, and the
      recognition by the biomedical research community of the indispensable role played
      by the laboratory animal medicine specialist in forging new knowledge in the
      biomedical sciences. The ability of laboratory animal medicine specialists to
      properly balance their efforts in collaborative and independent research,
      clinical services and teaching, offers exciting challenges and opportunities for
      veterinarians entering the specialty. Undoubtedly, another challenge to the
      specialty, currently and in the foreseeable future, is the debate over animal
      rights which began to ferment in the late 1970's, after lying relatively dorment
      since the 1950's. A growing number of Americans, including some scientists,
      contend that animals have inherent rights to a full life, free of intentional
      pain, even when done in legitimate scientific pursuits; some ardent anti
      vivisectionists state that the use of animals in experimental research is
      immoral. The laboratory animal medicine specialist will have to effectively deal
      with the administrators of institutions using research animals, the attendant
      federal and state guidelines and laws regulating their use, and defend the use of
      laboratory animals to a polarized public, while at the same time ensure the
      humane care and use of animals under their purview. Certainly, the specialty is
      squarely placed in a hotly debated dilemma, fraught with ethical, moral, medical,
      philosophical, religious, and political complexities. I believe the specialty has
      the vision and maturity, and is indeed ready, to successfully meet that challenge
      - to assuage public concern, implement new federal policy regarding animal care
      and use, and maintain the excellent progress in laboratory animal medicine
      realized in the last 75 years.

PMID- 3884263
TI  - Equine nutrition: changes and challenges.

PMID- 3884264
TI  - Nutrition and feeding of dogs and cats. Past, present and future.

PMID- 3884265
TI  - Companion animal behavior: a review of dog and cat behavior in the field, the
      laboratory and the clinic.

PMID- 3884266
TI  - Anatomy: past, present, future.

PMID- 3884267
TI  - Advances in physiology of growth, reproduction and lactation.

PMID- 3884268
TI  - The Cornell Veterinarian: the early years.

PMID- 3884269
TI  - Changes and challenges in veterinary pathology.

PMID- 3884270
TI  - Changes and challenges. Contributions to and from veterinary immunology.

PMID- 3884271
TI  - Digital radiography.
AB  - This paper is a review of digital radiography, the application of digital
      electronic technology to medical X-ray imaging. At some stage in the formation of
      an image the detected X-ray fluence is converted into a digital format for
      processing and display. In many X-ray procedures digital methods offer
      considerable advantages over previously used techniques in speed, precision,
      flexibility, sophistication of processing, or other characteristics. These in
      turn can lead to reductions in degree of invasiveness, X-ray exposure, or
      contrast material dose or certain other advantages such as reduced time per X-ray
      procedure. The major digital X-ray imaging techniques are discussed, ranging from
      contrast enhancement to image subtraction schemes to more recently developed
      methods such as temporal filtering of image sequences at realtime video rates.
      Digital imaging systems are categorized according to detector geometry, and the
      relative merits of each are discussed. Examples of clinical applications are
      given.

PMID- 3884272
TI  - Expert systems in medicine: a biomedical engineering perspective.
AB  - Knowledge-based expert systems for medical applications have received
      considerable attention in recent years. In this review, fundamental terms and
      notions of artificial intelligence techniques as applied to expert systems are
      introduced. The most well-known and influential medical expert systems are
      discussed in detail, and newer efforts are surveyed. A critical comparison of
      strengths and weaknesses of the systems is made, discussing depth and complexity
      of knowledge, acquisition of knowledge, user interaction and explanations,
      knowledge engineering tools, system evaluations, and user resistance. Long- and
      short-term trends are appraised.

PMID- 3884273
TI  - Immunity and pregnancy.
AB  - The existence of the maternal immune response to various paternally derived
      antigens on the fetus and placenta is apparently paradoxical, since the immune
      response is generally associated with host defense. In this context, the immune
      response to the fetal and placental antigens may have either physiological
      function or be advantitious. In either event, it appears to be closely associated
      with the existence of the polymorphisms of the cell surface antigens,
      particularly those controlled by the genes in the major histocompatibility
      complex. The major thrust of this review will be to examine the nature of the
      humoral and cellular immune response to the fetus and placenta and the genetic
      factors influencing it. A second portion of the review will address the genetic
      factors influencing development, including those involved in spontaneous abortion
      and in the genetic control of developmental abnormalities.

PMID- 3884274
TI  - Antigen presenting cells and mechanisms of antigen presentation.
AB  - In this review we will examine the characteristics of the various cell types
      which have been shown to present antigens to helper and proliferating T cells and
      explore what is known about the requirements for antigen presentation by these
      cells. Cell types to be discussed include mononuclear phagocytes from a variety
      of tissues as well as nonphagocytic cells such as Langerhans cells and dendritic
      cells. Special consideration will be given to the most recent group of cells to
      have demonstrated antigen-presenting capacity, B lymphocytes. Experiments
      exploring the processing and presentation of antigen by these different cell
      types will be presented. These results suggest that immunologically relevant
      antigen is endocytosed and at least partially degraded before proper presentation
      can occur. The role of molecules synthesized by the presenting cells, such as MHC
      antigens and cytokines, will be discussed in detail.

PMID- 3884275
TI  - Acute respiratory failure due to Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: clinical,
      radiographic, and pathologic course.
AB  - The clinical, radiographic, and pathologic correlates of acute respiratory
      failure due to Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were studied in 12 renal transplant
      patients treated with cyclosporin (CS) and prednisone. Six patients required only
      supplemental oxygen, while the other six patients developed the adult respiratory
      distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation despite
      similar predisposing factors and prompt initiation of therapy. Ten (83%) patients
      survived. Increased frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR6 was noted in
      six of the 11 patients tested. The resolution of radiographic infiltrates was
      significantly slower in ARDS patients; however, there was no apparent difference
      in the severity of early alveolar damage between the two groups. There was also
      no association between the development of ARDS due to P. carinii pneumonia and
      the mean daily dose of CS and prednisone, the presence of cytomegalovirus
      infection or pneumonia, HLA-DR6 antigen, or initial hypoxemia.

PMID- 3884276
TI  - Integrated study of the structural and metabolic degeneration of skin during 4
      degrees C storage in nutrient medium.
AB  - Integrated studies of the structural and metabolic degradation of skin during 4
      degrees C refrigerated storage in Eagle's minimal essential medium were
      undertaken. Skin degeneration occurred in three phases during the first 7 weeks
      of refrigeration. Phase I (Days 1-10) was characterized by the release of
      cellular debris and leakage of intracellular enzymes into the storage medium,
      shrinkage of the epithelium, and vacuolization and cell loss in the vascular
      bundles of the papillary dermis. The release of debris was accelerated by a 2-hr
      incubation of the skin at 25 and 37 degrees C prior to 4 degrees C storage. The
      ability of dermal cells to metabolize glucose, aspartic acid, glutamic acid,
      ornithine, and orotic acid to carbon dioxide dropped to low levels during Phase
      I. Phase II (Days 11-30) was characterized by a period of less intense physical
      decay, but with continued cellular and vascular degeneration. By the third week,
      there was nearly total loss of recognizable vascular bundles in the papillary
      dermis. Phase III (Days 31-58) was characterized by the exfoliation of large
      amounts of cellular debris and significant loss of structural integrity. By the
      fifth week, nearly all of the nuclei in the epidermis became pyknotic, and the
      vascular bundles of the reticular dermis were lost. Previous reports of the
      maximum allowable duration of skin storage at 0-8 degrees C have ranged from 0.3
      to 185 days; however, our findings suggest that the useful limit of refrigerated
      skin storage in nutrient medium is 1 week if physiological function and
      structural integrity are desired for optimum postgraft performance.

PMID- 3884277
TI  - Pancreas preservation with TP-IV: a hyperosmolar colloid solution.
AB  - This study compares the efficacy of a new hyperosmolar colloid solution (TP-IV)
      with Euro-Collins solution for long-term (72 hr) hypothermic storage of canine
      pancreas autografts. Four experimental recipient groups and their survival (30
      day study period) results were as follows: Gr. I (n = 6) pancreatectomized
      controls, without autotransplant (X +/- SD = 5.83 +/- 3.06 days); Gr. II (n = 6)
      fresh nonpreserved autografts (X +/- SD = 23.83 +/- 10.12 days, 5 of 6 greater
      than 30 days); and Gr. III (n = 7) and Gr. IV (n = 5) receiving pancreas
      autografts stored at 4 degrees C for 72 hr in either Euro-Collins or TP-IV,
      respectively (Gr. III, 13.85 +/- 9.04 days; Gr. IV, 21.2 +/- 12.37 days). The
      results appear to indicate that TP-IV is superior to Euro-Collins solution for 72
      hr hypothermic storage of pancreas grafts. In fact, survival in the TP-IV
      presented group was comparable to that of fresh, non-preserved autografts.

PMID- 3884278
TI  - Hepatic failure: etiologies, manifestations, and management. Home study program.

PMID- 3884279
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of S-antigen in retinal structures.
AB  - The localization of S-antigen, the soluble, uveitogenic, 51 kDa protein of the
      retina has been studied. Highly specific rabbit anti-bovine S-antigen antiserum
      reacted predominantly with the outer segment layer of the photoreceptor cells of
      rat retina in the indirect immunofluorescence technique, provided that the tissue
      was fixed by perfusion of the light adapted animal. More detailed information was
      obtained by immuno-electron microscopy using the same fixation technique and
      Protein A-coated gold particles for labeling. S-antigen was found to be
      predominantly bound to the rod outer segment plasma membranes and to the discs.
      The possible implication of this localization is discussed in view of the
      function of S-antigen.

PMID- 3884280
TI  - Infantile hypothyroidism then and now: the results of neonatal screening.

PMID- 3884281
TI  - Clinical and histologic findings in Degos' syndrome (malignant atrophic
      papulosis).
AB  - Records of nine patients (aged ten to sixty-four years) seen at the Mayo Clinic
      with the typical cutaneous lesions of Degos' syndrome were reviewed. The three
      patients who died all had central nervous system involvement. The six patients
      now alive have been evaluated for two to fourteen years and have had their
      disease for four to fourteen years. Histopathologic examination was performed in
      all nine cases (total of 27 skin biopsy specimens). Wedge-shaped infarction in
      the dermis and subcutaneous tissue was observed only in one biopsy specimen from
      each of three patients, and the infarction occurred in older, well-formed skin
      lesions. Thrombosis of the arterioles was found in two patients. Hyperkeratosis
      and dermal acid mucopolysaccharide deposits were common. The most consistent
      histopathologic finding was lymphocytic infiltrate around and in the walls of
      venules and arterioles. Various degrees of lymphocyte-mediated necrotizing
      vasculitis were present in all patients.

PMID- 3884282
TI  - Multicenter clinical evaluation of a hydrocolloid dressing for leg ulcers.
AB  - The need for a moist environment for the normal healing process led to the
      development of occlusive dressings. Results from this study support the
      contention that a moist wound environment is favorable to the healing process in
      humans as well as in animal models. Hydrocolloid dressings are effective in the
      practical daily management of chronic and even refractive ulcerations of the
      lower extremities and offer a time-saving treatment alternative with a high
      degree of patient acceptability.

PMID- 3884283
TI  - Cutaneous nodules as the first manifestation of gastrointestinal lymphoma.

PMID- 3884284
TI  - Correlation between sexual phenotype and X-chromosome inactivation pattern in the
      X*XY wood lemming.
AB  - Replication patterns of the X chromosomes were studied in X*XY wood lemmings with
      male and female phenotypes. The wild-type X was late replicating (ie,
      inactivated) in all cells of the X*XY female, whereas the mutated X* was late
      replicating in all cells of the X*XY male. These findings are compared with those
      obtained in sex-reversed (Sxr) mice.

PMID- 3884285
TI  - Chromosome banding techniques for morphologically classified cells.
AB  - This report describes staining techniques for chromosome banding and sister
      chromatid exchanges (SCEs) suited to a method that allows simultaneous analysis
      of cell morphology and karyotype. Mitotic cells are first identified by either
      cytochemical staining or immunologic methods. The preparations are then destained
      and treated with acid fixative. For G- and C-banding, the cells are incubated
      overnight at room temperature in Soorensen buffer and then stained with Giemsa.
      To demonstrate SCEs, the cells are fluorescent stained before being stained with
      Giemsa.

PMID- 3884286
TI  - Oral propafenone in the suppression of chronic stable ventricular arrhythmias.
AB  - The efficacy of propafenone hydrochloride, a new antiarrhythmic agent, was
      evaluated in the treatment of chronic stable ventricular arrhythmias. Twenty-five
      patients who had suffered a myocardial infarction three months or longer before
      the trial were studied. All exhibited a minimum mean frequency of 30 ventricular
      ectopic beats per hour over at least two 24-hour Holter monitoring periods with
      the last recorded tape serving as a control. The mean decrease in ventricular
      ectopic activity with propafenone was 65.62 percent (p = less than 0.001). Side
      effects were infrequent, minimal, and of no clinical consequence. Oral
      propafenone was found to be an effective drug for reducing the level of chronic
      ventricular ectopy, as reflected by a short-term trial.

PMID- 3884288
TI  - Mechanical vibration and conventional chest physiotherapy in outpatients with
      stable chronic obstructive lung disease.
AB  - To assess the effect of conventional chest physiotherapy and mechanical chest
      vibration on arterial blood gas levels, spirometry, and sputum production, we
      studied 20 stable outpatients with chronic obstructive lung disease. All patients
      had severe obstructive ventilatory defects with a mean FEV1/FVC ratio of 30
      percent and all produced moderate amounts of sputum. Patients were randomized and
      received chest physiotherapy or mechanical vibration for 20 minutes. Arterial
      blood gas levels and spirometry obtained 20 minutes and 40 minutes after
      completion of the treatment did not show any significant change compared to the
      baseline. We conclude that neither chest physiotherapy nor chest mechanical
      vibration improved gas exchange, flow rates, or clearance of secretions in stable
      outpatients with severe chronic obstructive lung disease.

PMID- 3884287
TI  - Predictors of bronchial hyperexcitability in grainhandlers.
AB  - We have studied bronchial hyperexcitability to methacholine (defined as a fall of
      at least 20 percent in FEV1 at 8 mg/ml or lower) in 504 white male grainhandlers
      working in terminal elevators in the Port of Vancouver. There was a significant
      association between bronchial hyperexcitability and level of FEV1; for a 10
      percent decrease in percent of predicted FEV1, bronchial hyperexcitability was
      twice as common. Among those with bronchial hyperexcitability, the PC20 was
      significantly related to the FEV1. Grainhandlers with immediate skin reactivity
      to common allergens were twice as likely to have bronchial hyperexcitability.
      There was a significant increase in the prevalence of bronchial hyperexcitability
      with increasing duration of employment. Grainhandlers with chest tightness and
      breathlessness were over twice as likely to have bronchial hyperexcitability. We
      did not observe an increased prevalence of bronchial hyperexcitability in
      smokers, and there was no difference between age groups. We conclude that the
      determinants of bronchial hyperexcitability in this population include baseline
      FEV1, immediate skin reactivity to common allergens, some respiratory symptoms,
      and cumulative exposure to grain dust.

PMID- 3884289
TI  - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Chronic pulmonary disease following neonatal
      respiratory failure.
AB  - Infants with respiratory failure in the first weeks of life may develop a chronic
      pulmonary condition called bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Their lungs have areas of
      atelectasis and areas of air trapping from variable obstruction of the airways.
      These infants may be dependent on supplemental oxygen or a ventilator and may
      require hospitalization for months, and have symptoms of airway obstruction which
      last for years. They require meticulous medical management to avoid a number of
      common complications such as patent ductus arteriosus, cor pulmonale, tracheal
      stenosis, recurrent aspiration, and death. The condition of most infants improves
      over the first two years. Preliminary studies suggest that their exercise and
      pulmonary function is usually close to normal by school-age. The long-term
      implications for the increasing number of children with this disease who will
      soon reach adulthood are still unknown.

PMID- 3884290
TI  - Best PEEP: a still unsolved problem.

PMID- 3884291
TI  - Clinical assessment of maladjusted preschool children.
AB  - The authors stress that total assessment prior to intervention is crucial,
      including standardized testing, observations of behavior, developmental history,
      and play interview. Techniques presented provide a holistic approach for
      evaluating the referred preschool child.

PMID- 3884292
TI  - [Plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration in the differential
      diagnosis of curable forms of secondary hypertension].

PMID- 3884293
TI  - [Enterotoxin plasmids transmission of Escherichia coli].

PMID- 3884294
TI  - [Advances in studies of non-O1 group Vibrio cholerae].

PMID- 3884295
TI  - Dual-parameter scatter-flow immunofluorescence analysis of Bacillus spores.
AB  - Using a commercial flow cytometer (Cyto-fluorograf), narrow-forward-angle (NFA)
      light-scatter signals were detected for spore preparations of Bacillus anthracis
      Vollum, B. anthracis Sterne, B. cereus NCTC 8035, and B. subtilis var niger. In
      the flow immunofluorescence (FIF) analysis of spores stained with fluorescein
      conjugated hyperimmune antibody to B. anthracis Vollum spores, fluorescence
      histograms could be acquired by selecting on NFA scatter. Fluorescence data
      selected on ninety degree scatter were rather noisier. Fluorescence analysis by
      dual parameter NFA scatter-FIF techniques was shown to have several advantages
      over the subtraction FIF method reported earlier. The implication from FIF
      analysis of spore suspensions and corresponding cell-free supernatants that the
      peak in the fluorescence histogram was caused by signals from fluorescing spores,
      was confirmed by use of the cell sorter and subsequent microscopy of the sorted
      samples. Although a proportion of spore aggregates was present in samples sorted
      from the right-hand tail of the fluorescence histogram, it was demonstrated that
      the majority of the observed distribution of fluorescence was not due to the
      formation of aggregates but was rather an expression of variation in the degree
      of staining of individual spores.

PMID- 3884296
TI  - Flow cytometric immunofluorescence of rat anterior pituitary cells.
AB  - We have developed a flow cytometric immunofluorescence technique for the
      quantification of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and luteinizing hormone
      (LH) producing cells. The procedure requires about 24 hours and can objectively
      count 50,000 cells in about 3 minutes. It is based on indirect-immunofluorescence
      (fluorescein) of intracellular hormone using an EPICS V cell sorter. The
      fluorescein distributions are gated on DNA content (propidium iodide) to
      eliminate counting cell clumps. Cells from the same suspensions were stained
      immunocytochemically and counted microscopically (1,000-2,000 cells/sample).
      Immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry correlated to within a few percent for
      GH and PRL cells. Cell suspensions from adult males and females with or without
      castration and a diethylstilbestrol (DES)-induced primary pituitary tumor were
      used to test the method. A major finding of this study was the objective
      identification of two populations of PRL producing cells, i.e., lightly and
      intensely stained cells. On the other hand, the fluorescence distribution of PRL
      cells from DES-induced pituitary tumors did not fall into two distinct
      populations but, rather, represented a broad continuum. This method should prove
      useful in studying the dynamics of pituitary cell populations under various
      physiological and pharmacological conditions.

PMID- 3884297
TI  - A randomized trial of photocoagulation or injection sclerotherapy for the
      treatment of first- and second-degree hemorrhoids.
AB  - One hundred thirty-five patients with a diagnosis of hemorrhoids were randomized
      to receive either photocoagulation (P) (N = 73) or injection sclerotherapy with
      phenol (I) (N = 62). Each patient was assessed at one, four, and 12-month
      intervals after treatment. At one, four, and 12 months, there was no clinical
      difference between the groups; at 12 months, however, the proportion of patients
      who were symptomatically improved or asymptomatic was 59 percent after
      photocoagulation compared with 50 percent of those treated by injection (P = 73
      percent; I = 50 percent). Seven patients treated by photocoagulation required
      repeated therapy compared with only one after injection (P less than 0.02).
      Additional therapy was used in eight patients after photocoagulation, as compared
      with three after injection. The operation rate for each group, however, was
      similar. There were no complications of therapy. Photocoagulation is an easy, non
      invasive, safe method of treatment, giving results that are comparable to
      treatment by injection sclerotherapy.

PMID- 3884298
TI  - Abscess drainage with the aid of pelvic real-time sonography.
AB  - A case is described in which digital pelvic real-time ultrasound evaluation was
      used in order to determine the proper placement of a catheter for abscess
      drainage. This is the first description of utilizing this new technique as an
      adjunct to a surgical procedure.

PMID- 3884299
TI  - A technique for avoiding mucosal stenosis and secondary hemorrhage after
      hemorrhoidectomy.

PMID- 3884300
TI  - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Robert Abbe 1851-1928. Intestinal
      anastomosis and suturing.

PMID- 3884302
TI  - Aztreonam--an overview.
AB  - Aztreonam is the first synthetic monobactam to undergo clinical studies in the
      U.S. Aztreonam has excellent activity against P. aeruginosa and
      Enterobacteriaceae, but poor activity against anaerobic and gram-positive
      organisms. Aztreonam has poor oral bioavailability, but can be given
      intramuscularly or intravenously in doses of 1-2 g q6-12h. Clinical trials of
      aztreonam have shown it to be effective in infections of urine, lung, skin,
      blood, bones and joints, and abdomen with an adverse reaction profile similar to
      beta-lactams. Aztreonam may be an alternate to aminoglycoside therapy, with the
      advantage of not being nephrotoxic.

PMID- 3884301
TI  - Vagotomy or gastrectomy for elective treatment of benign gastric ulceration?
AB  - The results of elective gastrectomy and vagotomy with drainage for benign gastric
      ulcer are described in terms of operative mortality, recurrent ulceration,
      overall clinical results, and risk of malignancy. Although it has a slightly
      lower operative morbidity and mortality, the results of vagotomy with drainage
      are not sufficiently superior to abandon gastrectomy. Highly selective vagotomy,
      without drainage, provides good overall clinical results but has a high
      associated incidence of recurrent ulceration. Neither gastrectomy nor vagotomy
      with drainage have a distinct advantage in patients with combined gastroduodenal
      or prepyloric ulceration.

PMID- 3884303
TI  - Current approaches to management of potassium deficiency.
AB  - Current issues related to oral potassium supplementation are reviewed, with
      emphasis on recommendations for the appropriate use of potassium supplementation
      for both replacement and preventive therapy. Dietary potassium intake, potassium
      sparing diuretics, and the various forms of oral potassium supplements are
      reviewed in terms of indications for use, advantages, and limitations. Attention
      is given to controversial areas, i.e., gastrointestinal tolerance of controlled
      release potassium oral dosage preparations and the need for potassium
      supplementation in hypertensive patients treated with diuretics.

PMID- 3884304
TI  - Review of the new second-generation cephalosporins: cefonicid, ceforanide, and
      cefuroxime.
AB  - The new second-generation cephalosporins, cefonicid, ceforanide, and cefuroxime,
      have recently become available. These agents are generally less active against
      gram-positive cocci than first-generation cephalosporins and, at best, equal to
      cefoxitin and cefamandole against many gram-negative bacteria. Cefuroxime,
      however, is the most active cephalosporin for beta-lactamase-producing
      Haemophilus influenzae. These newer agents have superior pharmacokinetic
      characteristics over cefoxitin and cefamandole. Smaller doses, longer dosing
      intervals and, potentially, a reduction in total drug cost may be the real
      advantage of these agents. Open trials and a limited number of comparative
      studies have documented the effectiveness of cefonicid, ceforanide, and
      cefuroxime in the treatment of most mild-to-serious infectious diseases, although
      failures with cefonicid in the treatment of staphylococcal infections have been
      reported. Notably, cefuroxime has received approval for the treatment of common
      pediatric bacterial meningitis infections. Replacement of cefamandole or
      cefoxitin with one of these "longer-acting" agents may be cost-beneficial;
      however, clinicians must be on alert for the development of bacterial resistance
      or decreased efficacy.

PMID- 3884305
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of cimetidine and metabolites in a neonate.
AB  - Limited pharmacokinetic data have been reported concerning the use of cimetidine
      in the neonate for the management of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. After receiving
      cimetidine at a dose of 10 mg/kg/d in a full-term infant, the steady-state peak
      and four-hour concentrations were 3.5 and 1.8 micrograms/ml, respectively. A mean
      half-life of 3.6 h for cimetidine and 2.2 h for cimetidine sulfoxide were
      determined. The cimetidine half-life was prolonged, and the total body clearance
      decreased as compared with values reported in critically ill children and adults.

PMID- 3884306
TI  - Family practice residents' prescribing patterns.
AB  - Prescription patterns of physicians in a family practice residency office were
      analyzed retrospectively from the following perspectives: frequency of
      prescribing for individual drugs and drug categories; effect of the level of
      postgraduate training on prescribing patterns; and effect of patient payment
      systems (Medicare-Medicaid, self-pay, third-party insurance) on the number of
      prescriptions. Antibiotics, antihistamine-decongestants, and antihypertensive
      medications were the most commonly prescribed medications. Psychotropic
      medications were used infrequently. An average of 0.70 prescriptions was issued
      on each office visit. Per office visit, first-year residents averaged 0.59
      prescriptions, second-year residents averaged 0.69 prescriptions, third-year
      residents averaged 0.72 prescriptions, and the faculty averaged 0.98
      prescriptions. Patients on Medicare-Medicaid averaged 0.78 prescriptions per
      office visit, self-pay patients averaged 0.25 prescriptions per visit, and
      patients with third-party insurance averaged 1.49 prescriptions per visit. The
      differences in the prescription rates between each payment group were
      significant.

PMID- 3884307
TI  - [Long-term therapy with human insulin. Clinical experiences].
AB  - During in-patient admission after metabolic stabilisation insulin treatment of 32
      type-1-diabetics was changed from bovine insulin (Depot-Insulin Hoechst CR) to
      semisynthetic human insulin of the intermediary type (Depot-H-Insulin Hoechst).
      Out-patient follow-up over a period of 12 months showed constant satisfactory
      mean day blood sugar values and morning postprandial blood sugar. 14 patients,
      however, showed significantly increased fasting blood sugar values which could be
      adjusted after change of evening insulin injections to the longer acting NPH
      insulin without normal insulin admixture (Basal-H-insulin Hoechst). In addition,
      a slight but not significant reduction of daily insulin requirements could be
      noted. There was no change of the relation between morning and evening insulin
      dosage. Hypoglycaemias did not occur significantly more frequently and
      hypoglycaemic symptoms showed no alterations.

PMID- 3884308
TI  - [Non-interaction between metoprolol and ethanol].

PMID- 3884309
TI  - [Cisplatin in ovarian cancer: how much and how long?].

PMID- 3884310
TI  - [Therapy of diabetes mellitus: adjustment criteria and control of results.
      Guidelines of the German Diabetes Association].

PMID- 3884311
TI  - [Reconstruction of the carotid artery. Economy of diagnosis and results].

PMID- 3884312
TI  - [Hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis and imaging procedures].
AB  - Ultrasound and computed tomography have been used routinely over the last five
      years in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. This has made classification as to
      degrees of severity easier. In addition to the direct imaging of destruction of
      pancreatic parenchyma, these imaging methods also (preoperatively) make an exact
      assessment of the extension of peripancreatic necrosis and necrosis paths
      possible, as well as the presence of any gallstone disease or pancreatic abscess.
      Under the influence of these imaging procedures the indications for operation and
      the extent of surgical intervention has become more limited. High-risk "early
      operation" has been drastically reduced in number and is indicated only in very
      severe disease with organ complications. The "delayed operation" in the postacute
      stage of disease is largely restricted to local septic complications. Here
      excision of necrotic tissue and drainage is now largely preferred to resection,
      previously practised more frequently. Extensive necrotising processes with only
      minor clinical symptoms have now been observed as a result of early employment of
      ultrasound and computed tomography. The successful conservative treatment of
      these uncomplicated disease processes has contributed to an overall reduction in
      the mortality of postacute pancreatitis.

PMID- 3884313
TI  - [Documentation of findings and schedule planning in horse breeding industries
      using microcomputers].

PMID- 3884314
TI  - [Analysis of a variance model for the evaluation of circadian rhythms of lung
      function in the horse].

PMID- 3884315
TI  - [Fluid exchange in the rumen of sheep in low and adequate phosphorus
      administration].

PMID- 3884316
TI  - [Statistical evaluation of repeated samples for total pathogen count
      determination on surfaces].

PMID- 3884317
TI  - [Process times and cyclograms in piglet generation].

PMID- 3884318
TI  - [Biometric evaluation of microbiologic study procedures of foods within the scope
      of paragraph 35 of the Food and Necessities Law].

PMID- 3884321
TI  - [Nonunion of the scaphoid bone].

PMID- 3884322
TI  - [The cytoskeleton].

PMID- 3884319
TI  - Ceftazidime. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties
      and therapeutic use.
AB  - Ceftazidime is a new 'third generation' cephalosporin administered intravenously
      or intramuscularly. Similarly to other third generation cephalosporins it has a
      broad spectrum of in vitro activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative
      aerobic bacteria, is particularly active against Enterobacteriaceae (including
      beta-lactamase-positive strains) and is resistant to hydrolysis by most beta
      lactamases. Importantly, in vitro ceftazidime is presently the most active
      cephalosporin available against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but it is less active
      against Staphylococcus aureus than first and second generation cephalosporins.
      Only larger comparative trials are likely to discern any statistically
      significant differences in clinical efficacy which may exist between ceftazidime
      and other antibiotics, but ceftazidime appears to be similar in efficacy to
      'standard' comparative drugs in lower respiratory tract infections and
      complicated and/or chronic urinary tract infections among debilitated or
      hospitalised patients. Thus, in patients having Gram-negative infections at these
      sites and in whom the potential toxicity of the aminoglycosides is a concern,
      ceftazidime may be a valuable alternative in that it apparently lacks serious
      side effects and does not require routine drug plasma concentration monitoring.
      In fibrocystic patients having acute respiratory tract infections, ceftazidime is
      highly effective at both reducing symptoms of infection and temporarily reducing
      the sputum counts of Pseudomonas species. However, in these patients resistance
      to ceftazidime may develop, as seen with other beta-lactam antibiotics. In the
      treatment of fever of unknown origin or documented infections in
      immunocompromised adults and children, ceftazidime appears to be similar in
      efficacy to various 2- or 3-drug combinations. Nevertheless, the coadministration
      of an antibiotic having greater efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria should be
      considered in immunocompromised patients. Results from a small number of
      comparative trials suggest that ceftazidime may be as effective as the
      aminoglycosides in intra-abdominal, obstetric and gynaecological, and skin and
      soft tissue infections. However, further clinical experience, particularly a few
      well designed comparative studies, is needed to clarify the comparative efficacy
      in these conditions as well as in septicaemia/bacteraemia, meningitis, and bone
      and joint infections.

PMID- 3884324
TI  - Autogenous nasal bone grafts.

PMID- 3884323
TI  - [Why is erythromycin ineffective against enteric bacteria and how does E. coli
      cause urosepsis?].

PMID- 3884325
TI  - [Limits of the capacity for remineralization in initial caries].

PMID- 3884326
TI  - [Etiology and therapy of osteoradionecrosis of the mandible].

PMID- 3884320
TI  - Diuretics. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use (Part II).
AB  - 25 years have elapsed since the introduction of the first effective oral
      diuretic, chlorothiazide. Diuretics are now amongst the most widely prescribed
      drugs in clinical practice worldwide. Availability of these drugs has not only
      brought therapeutic benefit to countless numbers of patients but it has at the
      same time provided valuable research tools with which to investigate the
      functional behaviour of the kidney and other electrolyte-transporting tissues.
      Despite many remaining gaps in our knowledge of the biochemical processes
      involved in diuretic drug action, available compounds can be divided into 5
      groups on the basis of their preferential effects on different segments of the
      nephron involved in tubular reabsorption of sodium chloride and water. Firstly,
      there is a heterogeneous group of chemicals that share the common property of
      powerful, short-lived diuretic effects that are complete within 4 to 6 hours.
      These agents act on the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop and are known as
      'high ceiling' or 'loop' diuretics. The second group are the benzothiadiazines
      and their many related heterocyclic variants, all of which localise their effects
      to the early portion of the distal tubule. The third group comprises the
      potassium-sparing diuretics which act exclusively on the Na+-K+/H+ exchange
      mechanisms in the late distal tubule and cortical collecting duct. The action of
      drugs in groups 2 and 3 is prolonged to between 12 and 24 hours. The fourth group
      consists of diuretics that are chemically related to ethacrynic acid but have the
      unusual property of combining within the same molecule the property of saluresis
      and uricosuria. These compounds have actions, to different individual extents, in
      the proximal tubule, thick ascending limb, and early distal tubule and are known
      as 'polyvalent' diuretics. Finally, there is a mixed group of weak or adjunctive
      diuretics which includes the vasodilator xanthines such as aminophylline, and the
      osmotically active compounds such as mannitol. The metabolic consequences of
      continued diuretic usage are considered along with non-metabolic sequelae such as
      ototoxicity or interactions with other concurrent treatments. The relationships
      between the clinical benefits conferred and the potential harms generated by long
      term diuretic therapy are also discussed.

PMID- 3884327
TI  - [Apicoectomy--current viewpoints and experiences with an apical post made of
      titanium].

PMID- 3884329
TI  - Assessment of insulin sensitivity in vivo.

PMID- 3884328
TI  - Analysis of long-term potassium regulation.
AB  - Potassium regulation is maintained by a system which affects the rate of renal
      excretion of the ion and its distribution between the intra- and extracellular
      spaces. Long-term regulation is accomplished by the interactions of several
      components of the control system. The direct effect of changes in plasma
      potassium concentration on potassium secretion by the cells of the distal nephron
      is the most powerful regulator of K excretion. Changes in aldosterone
      concentration interact multiplicatively with the effect of plasma K on K
      excretion, and changes in aldosterone also affect the distribution of the ion so
      that elevations in aldosterone shift a greater proportion of K into the cells of
      the body. Sodium intake affects K excretion, increases in intake resulting in a
      higher rate of K excretion. Aldosterone secretion is regulated by a
      multiplicative interaction between angiotensin II and potassium concentration. An
      hypothesis that states in essence that long-term K regulation is determined by
      the interaction of several component systems is developed. A mathematical model
      constructed from the hypothesis employing data from experiments designed to
      quantitatively analyze the functions of the individual components is presented.
      The model is used to test the hypothesis by comparing the operation of the model
      with the results of experiments in which the potassium control system is
      subjected to a wide range of challenges and perturbations. General agreement
      between model predictions and experimental results was obtained, thereby
      providing support for the validity of the hypothesis. Building the model drew
      attention to several areas in which experimental investigation is required to
      obtain understanding of several important physiological processes. Finally,
      several predictions obtained from the model may have clinical relevance in the
      areas of renal medicine and hypertension.

PMID- 3884330
TI  - Animal models of nonthyroidal disease.
AB  - Rats bearing transplantable Walker 256 carcinoma provide an opportunity to assess
      thyroid function and activity during an interval of time when the tumor has not
      affected growth rate. Rats with tumor have decreased serum T4 and T3
      concentration and decreased serum FT4 and FT3 as well. These changes are due to a
      decrease in binding of iodothyronines by the serum binding proteins, an increase
      in the fractional rate of T4 metabolism and a decrease in thyroidal secretion.
      The decrease in activity of the thyroid gland appears to be due to reduced
      sensitivity of the thyroid to circulating TSH. Despite decreased serum FT4 and
      FT3 concentrations, serum TSH remains normal, not increased as would be
      anticipated in a hypothyroidal animal. Nevertheless, a further experimental
      decrease in serum T4 and/ or T3 from the already reduced serum iodothyronine
      levels of the tumor bearing rat results in a normal increment in serum TSH. Thus,
      TSH secretion appears to be regulated normally despite decreased concentrations
      of pituitary nuclear T3. This finding suggests that tumor bearing rats have
      greater than normal sensitivity to T3 in their regulation of TSH secretion. Rats
      with Walker 256 carcinoma have decreased concentrations of hepatic nuclear T3
      receptors and a decrease in T3 specifically bound to the receptors. The
      fractional occupancy of hepatic nuclear receptors appears relatively normal. The
      dose-response of alpha-GPD in relation to fractional nuclear T3 receptor
      occupancy appears shifted up and to the left in tumor bearing rats, whereas the
      curve for ME is shifted down to the right. The appearance rates of these enzymes
      are described by similar functions. These findings suggest that postreceptor
      factors in tumor bearing rats may result in augmentation of some and depression
      of other biologic responses to thyroid hormones. If the results of these studies
      are extended to sick patients, they may provide a possible mechanism whereby
      patients maintain the euthyroid clinical state despite a decrease in serum T3.
      Thus, postreceptor factors may enhance those thyroidal responses which
      characterize the euthyroid clinical state. Moreover, attenuation of other
      thyroidal responses related to conservation of protein may provide a distinct
      adaptive advantage to the patient with nonthyroidal illness with or without
      decreased food consumption.

PMID- 3884331
TI  - Mutagenicity of metal ions in bacteria.
AB  - The mutagenicity of 24 metal salts was investigated in plate incorporation and
      fluctuation assays with Salmonella TA strains or Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA pKm
      101. Chromate(VI) and selenate(VI) ions were found to be mutagenic in plate
      incorporation assays employing conventional media. On the other hand,
      cadmium(II), beryllium(II), chromate(VI), and metavanadate(V) ions were detected
      in conventional fluctuation assays, indicating the importance of this technique
      in detection of metal mutagens. Modified culture media, with trimetaphosphate
      ions in place of orthophosphate as the sole phosphate source for bacterial
      growth, were also used in this study. The media modifications prevented
      precipitation of metals such as nickel and cadmium as their insoluble phosphates,
      and allowed detection of the mutagenicity of metavanadate ions in plate
      incorporation assays. However, the fluctuation technique using standard media was
      shown to detect a wider range of mutagenic metal ions than tests with modified
      media. It is notable that metaarsenite(III), arsenate(V), and nickel(II) ions
      were not found to be mutagenic in any of the assays although they are known to be
      carcinogenic and are mutagenic in other test systems. Their lack of mutagenicity
      in the modified media indicates that precipitation of these ions as
      orthophosphates is not the reason for their lack of activity in standard
      bacterial assays.

PMID- 3884332
TI  - Amine transport into chromaffin ghosts. Kinetic measurements of net uptake of
      biologically and pharmacologically relevant amines using an on-line amperometric
      technique.
AB  - The kinetic parameters for net transport of dopamine, epinephrine,
      norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, S alpha-methyldopamine, R alpha
      methyldopamine, and 1R,2S alpha-methylnorepinephrine into highly purified bovine
      chromaffin ghosts were determined using an on-line amperometric technique.
      Chromaffin ghosts devoid of endogenous amines were formed from lysis of
      chromaffin granules under hypotonic conditions, extensive washing of the
      scattered membranes, followed by resuspension in iso-osmotic media and overnight
      dialysis. When chromaffin ghosts formed so as to generate and maintain a large
      delta pH were suspended in 185 mM KCl, 10 mM Hepes at pH 7.0, 37 degrees C, the
      addition of MgATP resulted in rapid acidification of the intravesicular space,
      which was maintained at pH 6.0 (+/- 0.1) for over 30 min. Kinetic net amine
      transport was subsequently measured with a glassy carbon electrode. The initial
      rates of uptake were found to follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Computer based
      statistical analysis of the data using distribution-free procedures yielded Km
      (and V) values as follows: in microM (nmol X mg protein-1 X min-1) dopamine, 16.2
      (14.0); R-norepinephrine, 32.5 (12.9); R-epinephrine, 35.1 (15.2); 5
      hydroxytryptamine, 4.7 (5.1); S alpha-methyldopamine, 17.7 (11.2); R alpha
      methyldopamine, 44.2 (9.9); 1R,2S alpha-methylnorepinephrine, 76.5 (12.5). The
      physiologic and pharmacologic implications of these kinetic parameters are
      discussed.

PMID- 3884334
TI  - Free flow electrophoresis as a tool for enrichment of mutants with temperature
      dependent lethal mutations in lipid A synthesis.
AB  - Free flow electrophoresis was shown to be a useful tool to enrich for mutants
      conditionally defective in lipid A synthesis. The method was based on the
      observation that electrophoretic mobility of bacterial cells is dependent on the
      structure of lipopolysaccharides and is influenced by lesions in the synthesis of
      the O-specific chains as well as by lesion in the synthesis of the complete 3
      deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (dOclA) lipid A region. Using this procedure a new
      mutant conditionally defective in dOclA-8-P synthesis was isolated (mutant Ts5).
      Following a shift to nonpermissive conditions it accumulates a mixture of at
      least two equally represented lipid A precursor structures. One is made up of
      glucosamine, phosphate and 3-hydroxymyristic acid in a molar ratio 1.0:1.0:2.0
      and lacks dOclA and the nonhydroxylated fatty acids lauric, myristic and palmitic
      acid. The precursor preparation derived from mutant Ts5 thus differs from
      previously described lipid A intermediates by the relatively high substitution by
      palmitic acid. The implications of the above findings to the biosynthesis of
      lipid A are discussed.

PMID- 3884333
TI  - On the mechanism of flavin modification during inactivation of flavocytochrome b2
      from baker's yeast by acetylenic substrates.
AB  - The reaction of 2-hydroxy-3-butynoate, a suicide substrate, with flavocytochrome
      b2 [F. Lederer (1974) Eur. J. Biochem. 88, 393-399] has been reinvestigated. It
      is shown that no inactivation occurs under anaerobic conditions. In the presence
      of ferricyanide, the partition ratio between oxidation and inactivation is 3200.
      Ketobutynoate has no effect on oxidized flavocytochrome b2. But it inactivates
      the reduced enzyme, while undergoing catalytic reduction to hydroxybutynoate. The
      partition ratio between reduction and inactivation is 5. Inactivation followed by
      borohydride reduction was carried out in parallel with lactate oxidase and
      flavocytochrome b2. The decomposition products of the initial adduct formed
      between flavin and inactivator were isolated and characterized. One of them
      (compound II) was obtained from both enzymes and is identical to the one
      previously isolated from hydroxybutynoate-inactivated lactate oxidase [Schonbrunn
      et al. (1976) Biochemistry 15, 1798-1807]. Its decarboxylated derivative
      (compound I) was also formed. Another major adduct, compound III, was isolated
      only from flavocytochrome b2. Its structure and the conditions in which it
      appears suggest it is formed from the same primary adduct as compounds I and II,
      but by a different decomposition mode, on the enzyme itself. Altogether these
      results strengthen the idea that inactivation is caused by reaction between
      oxidized flavin and an allenic carbanion, the isomerisation product of a normal
      reaction intermediate. It is proposed that differences in the rate-determining
      step of the redox reaction explain the differences in the inactivation process
      which are observed between flavocytochrome b2, lactate oxidase and hydroxyacid
      oxidase.

PMID- 3884335
TI  - Immunocytochemistry of the acellular slime mold Physarum polycephalum. V.
      Cryosectioning now allows analysis of non-extracted plasmodia of any and all
      stages.
AB  - The spatial distribution of cytoplasmic actin in endoplasmic drops as well as in
      plasmodial strands can be demonstrated in cryosections by fluorescently labelled
      phallotoxins and actin antibodies. Our results on cryosections show an identical
      fibrillar actin distribution as revealed in semithin sections after conventional
      fixation and embedding. Thus, it is now possible to apply immunocytochemical
      analysis to any and all plasmodial stages with or without prior fixation and
      without using extraction procedures. Consequentially the loss of soluble
      compounds during processing is avoided. The most protective pretreatment of the
      living specimens before freezing is a 15 min incubation in 1.5 M sucrose
      containing 50 mM KCl, 10 mM EGTA and 10 mM PIPES buffer, pH 7.0, at 4 degrees C.

PMID- 3884336
TI  - The ribosomal RNA genes of Tetrahymena: structure and function.
AB  - This report reviews the structural and functional characteristics of the
      ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) of the ciliate protozoan, Tetrahymena. The study of
      rDNA was initiated some 10 years ago in order to establish a model system for
      rRNA gene expression in lower eukaryotes. The system proved very useful for
      studying several aspects of rRNA gene expression so that a considerable amount of
      information on rDNA structure and function has accumulated during the past years
      as a result of studies done in several laboratories. The initial finding that
      starved Tetrahymena cells, upon refeeding, preferentially replicated their rDNA
      for up to 90 min before bulk macronuclear DNA synthesis resumed, greatly
      facilitated the first studies. This observation permitted the rDNA to be labeled
      selectively with isotopes and in this way it was possible to isolate rDNA in pure
      form, to study replicative intermediates of the rDNA and to study rDNA containing
      chromatin in intact nuclei without resorting to chromatin fractionation. As a
      result of these studies it was found that the macronuclear rDNA of all
      Tetrahymena species consisted of a homogeneous population of extrachromosomal,
      linear molecules with a size of about 20 kilobase-pairs (kb) containing two
      identical transcription units for pre-rRNA arranged in a reverse repeat
      orientation (palindromic symmetry). The origins of replication were localized to
      the central non-transcribed spacer region and it was shown that this region has a
      chromatin structure which is different from that of the transcribed region. The
      primary DNA sequence is now known in many parts of the rDNA molecule, including
      the central part (containing the replication origins), the telomeric parts and
      the regions containing the sites of transcription initiation and termination.
      Transcription studies demonstrated the presence of an intervening sequence
      (intron) in the 26S rRNA coding region in some strains of Tetrahymena.
      Interestingly, the intron is transcribed and later removed from the primary
      transcript as a result of a rather unusual reaction which can take place in vitro
      in the absence of added protein factors. The finding of interbreeding strains of
      the intron+ and intron- rDNA genotype provided physical markers on the genes and
      have made possible a description of the inheritance and allelic assortment of the
      Tetrahymena rDNA. These studies proved that the free, palindromic rDNA molecules
      of the macronucleus arise from a chromosomally integrated, micronuclear rDNA copy
      as a result of a conjugational dependent amplification event, and that the intron
      is inherited as a neutral character during sexual and vegetative
      reproduction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3884337
TI  - Basement membrane formation and lung cell differentiation in vitro.
AB  - In high density cultures of mouse fetal lung cells, so-called "mass cultures",
      development of organoid structures, formation of a basement membrane (BM), and
      differentiation of pneumocytes type II occur accompanied by synthesis and
      secretion of lamellar bodies. The relationship between the formation of a BM, on
      the one hand, and morphogenesis as well as differentiation of pneumocytes type
      II, on the other hand, has been investigated by use of antibodies against BM
      components in the lung mass culture. It is shown here that anti-laminin
      antibodies prevented BM formation, but morphogenesis and pneumocyte
      differentiation occurred as in untreated cultures. Short-term treatment with the
      antibody revealed that the BM is formed only during the first 2 to 3 days in
      vitro. Already formed BM could not be removed by anti-laminin. Anti-collagen type
      IV antibodies showed no effect in the lung mass culture except for a stronger
      staining of the BM. Anti-BM-1 antibodies caused no changes in morphogenesis, cell
      differentiation and BM formation either, but the mesenchymal intercellular space
      exhibited a dark staining, which is probably due to antigen-antibody complexes.
      The results obtained with anti-laminin antibodies indicate that a BM is not
      necessary for lung cell differentiation in vitro.

PMID- 3884338
TI  - Cardiac assessment by first-pass angioscintigraphy in conjoined thoracopagus
      twins.
AB  - Dynamic computerized heart studies using 99Tc-DTPA demonstrated a joined heart in
      conjoined thoracopagus twins. In the case presented, the electrocardiogram,
      dynamic radioactive study, and the cardiac catheterization all gave basically the
      same results and correlated well with the postmortem examination. The dynamic
      study is presented in detail, stressing its advantage as a noninvasive and
      reliable procedure in the primary cardiac assessment of conjoined twins.

PMID- 3884339
TI  - Effect of viable isolated hepatocytes or hepatocyte fractions on survival rate
      following galactosamine-induced acute liver failure.
AB  - Administration of galactosamine to rats results in an acute liver failure. The
      dose-effect relation appeared to be highly strain-dependent. Intraperitoneal
      injection of 1,000 mg/kg galactosamine resulted in a 90% lethal acute liver
      failure in Wag/Rij rats. Transplantation of viable isolated hepatocytes,
      administration of homogenate or cytosol of normal or regenerating liver tissue,
      or administration of cell-free liver cell culture supernatant did not improve the
      survival rate in this model of acute liver failure. These findings, which are in
      striking contrast with the data reported in the literature, are discussed in
      relation to the specific properties of this type of experimental model for acute
      hepatic failure.

PMID- 3884340
TI  - Influence of intraperitoneal Escherichia coli with septicemia on the healing of
      colonic anastomoses and skin wounds. An experimental study in the rat.
AB  - In rats a standardized left colonic resection was performed and colonic
      continuity restored by an end-to-end anastomosis in one layer. The rats were
      subjected to an LD50 septic challenge by intraperitoneal injection of live
      Escherichia coli pre- or postoperatively. Controls received saline in a
      corresponding manner. Groups of animals were sacrificed on the 3rd or 7th
      postoperative day. The breaking strengths of the anastomosis and of the skin
      wound were measured. The collagen content of the anastomotic segments was
      analyzed. There were no differences in anastomotic or skin wound strength between
      septic animals and controls. Collagen content was unaffected. Wound healing was
      not influenced by sepsis in this model.

PMID- 3884341
TI  - Deep vein thrombosis after renal transplantation: a prospective analysis of
      frequency and risk factors.
AB  - In a prospective study the frequency of deep vein thrombosis during the first 3
      weeks after kidney transplantation has been evaluated using the combination of
      thermography and strain-gauge plethysmography for objective diagnosis. 83
      consecutive patients were included, 33 with juvenile diabetes mellitus. The
      overall frequency of thrombosis was 24.1%, diabetes mellitus being a significant
      risk factor. No other risk factors were found. The transplant did not influence
      the venous outflow from the corresponding leg. Plasminogen activator activity in
      the iliac vein wall at transplantation did not differ between patients with and
      without thrombosis.

PMID- 3884342
TI  - Increased plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in pigs during
      endotoxinaemia.
AB  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a highly potent vasodilatator.
      Cardiovascular changes and plasma VIP levels were studied during endotoxinaemia
      (Escherichia coli endotoxin 1 mg/kg) in a carefully monitored porcine model.
      Endotoxin infusion resulted in a profound but reversible shock and a substantial
      rise in plasma VIP levels. Increased levels of VIP could be demonstrated already
      after 30 min of endotoxin infusion and increased further during the infusion.
      Animals followed for a period of 60 h demonstrated slowly declining levels of VIP
      after endotoxin infusion but significantly elevated levels were usually found 24
      h after infusion. Control animals did not show any changes in VIP during a
      similar procedure. Release of gastrointestinal peptides may be of importance
      during septic shock.

PMID- 3884343
TI  - Thromboxane A2 analogue (U-46619) stimulates vascular PGI2 synthesis.
AB  - Since platelet release reaction products (e.g. serotonin, ADP) stimulate
      prostacyclin (PGI2) release in vitro, we have investigated whether thromboxane A2
      (TXA2) also has a similar effect. An analogue, U-46619, was used for the
      experiments, since TXA2 is extremely unstable. U-46619 stimulated rat aortic PGI2
      release; this stimulation was abolished by (a) EDTA and (b) verapamil. We
      conclude that TXA2 is a calcium-dependent stimulator of PGI2 release; this
      property may be relevant to the limitation of platelet aggregates in vivo and to
      vascular injury.

PMID- 3884344
TI  - Involvement of endogenous enkephalins in the feeding response to diazepam.
AB  - The effect of the delta-opioid agonist [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE) and the
      benzodiazepine diazepam on the food intake of non-deprived rats was investigated.
      Both compounds produced a significant increase in feeding. The hyperphagic
      response to DADLE (10 micrograms i.c.v.) and diazepam (1 mg/kg i.p.) was
      suppressed by concurrent treatment with the selective delta-opioid antagonist ICI
      154,129 (10 micrograms i.c.v.). These findings add further support to the concept
      that endogenous enkephalins may be implicated in the stimulatory effects of
      benzodiazepines on ingestive behaviour.

PMID- 3884345
TI  - SCH 23390 and SK&F 83566 are antagonists at vascular dopamine and serotonin
      receptors.
AB  - SCH 23390 and SK&F 83566 have been utilized as selective antagonists at
      postjunctional dopamine receptors. However, in the isolated rabbit thoracic aorta
      evidence for competitive antagonism of serotonin was obtained. The KB values were
      11 and 34 nM for SK&F R-83566 and SCH 23390, respectively. The S-enantiomer of
      SK&F 83566 was a weaker antagonist at the vascular serotonin receptor (KB = 1.5
      microM). Thus, these results indicate that SCH 23390 and SK&F 83566 are not
      totally specific for the dopamine DA-1 receptor because they can also be potent
      antagonists at the vascular serotonin receptor.

PMID- 3884346
TI  - Premature facial synostosis: the influence of biomechanical factors in normal and
      hypocalcaemic young rats.

PMID- 3884347
TI  - Growth and the DNA-division sequence in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Cells of the yeast S. cerevisiae can be cultured under conditions in which the
      DNA-division sequence, and not cellular growth, is the rate-limiting feature for
      cell proliferation. Relief of these limiting conditions, which has been shown to
      allow accelerated cell division, did not result in increased rates of cell mass
      accumulation during the time of rapid cell division. Moreover, under conditions
      of constant DNA-division sequence constraint, populations of smaller cells
      produced by slowing growth with cycloheximide gave rise to large cells when
      cycloheximide was removed. These observations suggest that in proliferating cells
      of S. cerevisiae the DNA-division sequences does not affect cellular growth.

PMID- 3884348
TI  - Comparison of two cell-adhesion molecules, uvomorulin and cell-CAM 105.
AB  - Two cell adhesion molecules, cell-CAM 105 and uvomorulin (UM), were compared by
      analysing their antigenic structures, their activity in cell aggregation assays
      and their expression in various tissues. Cell-CAM 105 is a membrane glycoprotein
      which mediates the intercellular adhesion of reaggregating rat hepatocytes, and
      UM was first described to be involved in the compaction of preimplantation mouse
      embryos and embryonal carcinoma cells. UM is not only expressed during embryonic
      development but also in various adult tissues including liver, epithelia of lung,
      gut, kidney and uterus. A similar distribution for UM was found in rat tissues on
      cell types where cell-CAM 105 is known to be present. Our studies show that (i)
      cell-CAM 105 and UM are distinct and different proteins; (ii) uvomorulin is
      involved in the compaction of rat preimplantation embryos but Fab anti-UM has no
      effect on reaggregating rat hepatocytes, where Fab anti-cell CAM is effective;
      (iii) distribution studies show that UM is expressed on a broader range of
      epithelial cells while cell-CAM 105 is more restricted to hepatocytes and simple
      epithelia. In cases where both cell adhesion molecules are expressed on the same
      cell types they can be localized to different parts of the cell surface.

PMID- 3884349
TI  - Electrofusion of mouse blastomeres.
AB  - Fusion of blastomeres of 2-cell mouse embryos with an intact zona pellucida can
      be induced with electric pulses. Fusion was most frequent with the field strength
      of 1 kV/cm and direct current pulses of 100-250 microsec duration. An electrolyte
      solution (PBS) can be used instead of a non-electrolyte solution (0.3 M
      mannitol). The viability of blastomeres fused in these two types of solution is
      similar. Fused 2-cell blastomeres develop into tetraploid blastocysts but die
      after implantation. Embryos in which blastomeres failed to fuse despite the
      treatment (diploid controls) can develop till term. The technique can also be
      applied to 3- and 4-cell embryos and to zona-free oocytes and blastomeres.

PMID- 3884350
TI  - The effect of topical prostacyclin on ocular pressure and pupil size in the
      pigmented rabbit.

PMID- 3884351
TI  - The cells of the bovine outflow system in tissue culture.
AB  - Meshwork cells from the bovine outflow system were grown in culture and their
      growth characteristics and behaviour in vitro reported. The cells were studied by
      inverted phase microscopy and time-lapse cinephotomicrography. It was found that
      plating efficiency was highest for third and seventh passage cells. These cells
      reached confluence within 2 weeks when plated out at 7.5 X 10(3) cells cm-2 in a
      conventional culture medium containing 10% serum. Third passage cells were
      studied in greatest detail. These cells exhibited postconfluence contact
      inhibition of division. By 2 weeks postconfluence the division rate decreased 10
      fold to a level of less than six divisions per thousand cells per day. The
      contact inhibition was not overcome by increasing the serum content of the
      medium. On the other hand, a 30-fold increased division rate could be produced
      after scratching the culture flask. Postconfluent contact-inhibited cultures were
      considered to be a better reflection of the behaviour and activities of meshwork
      cells in vivo than cultures which retain a high level of division.

PMID- 3884352
TI  - Effect of growth factors with dexamethasone on healing of rabbit corneal stromal
      incisions.
AB  - Treatment of rabbit corneal wounds with topical corticosteroid retards both
      epithelial regeneration and healing of penetrating stromal wounds. Currently, no
      clinical agent is available which accelerates the rate of stromal wound healing.
      Epidermal growth factor (EGF, 0.5 mg ml-1), fibroblast growth factor (FGF, 20
      micrograms ml-1), and insulin (0.5 mg ml-1) were tested for their ability to
      accelerate healing of totally penetrating wounds in rabbit corneas when the
      hormones were administered alone or in combination with dexamethasone (1 mg ml
      1). After 5 days of treatment with eye drops, the tensile strengths of corneal
      wounds treated with EGF (54 +/- 4 g mm-1) or treated with EGF and dexamethasone
      (32 +/- 9 g mm-1) were significantly higher than the tensile strengths of corneal
      wounds treated with only saline vehicle (3 +/- 1 g mm-1) or dexamethasone (1 +/ 0
      g mm-1) (P less than 0.001). The combination of dexamethasone with EGF
      significantly (P less than 0.025) reduced the strength of corneal wounds compared
      to treatment with EGF alone. Similarly, the tensile strength of corneal wounds
      after 5 days of insulin treatment alone (28 +/- 8 g mm-1) or in combination with
      dexamethasone (25 +/- 7 g mm-1) was significantly increased compared with saline-
      or dexamethasone-treated corneas (P less than 0.001). In the absence of
      dexamethasone, EGF increased the tensile strength of corneal wounds significantly
      better than insulin (P less than 0.01). However, when EGF or insulin were given
      in combination with dexamethasone there was no significant difference between the
      tensile strength produced by the peptide hormones. In comparison to the tensile
      strength of corneal wounds treated by EGF or insulin, treatment with FGF alone (5
      +/- 4 g mm-1) or in combination with dexamethasone (2 +/- 1 g mm-1) produced poor
      wound healing. The in vitro actions of EGF or FGF alone or in combination with
      dexamethasone were tested for ability to stimulate [3H]-thymidine incorporation
      into pure cultures of human corneal fibroblasts (HCF) in defined culture medium.
      EGF (5 mM) or FGF (100 ng ml-1) alone stimulated [3H]-thymidine incorporation
      approximately 2.5-fold compared to control cultures, whereas in combination with
      dexamethasone (10 nM), the stimulatory action of FGF, but not EGF, was abolished.
      Dose-response curves indicated that HCF in culture were very sensitive to EGF,
      insulin, and FGF with maximum stimulation of [3H]-thymidine incorporation
      occurring at approximately 1 nM for EGF and insulin and at 100 micrograms ml-1
      for FGF. Binding of 125I-EGF to HCF reached maximum after 2 hr at 37 degrees C
      and was specific, saturable, and of high affinity (half saturation at 1 nM).
      (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3884353
TI  - Alpha neoprotein molecules in normal lenses from animals of different ages and in
      cataractous lenses.
AB  - Alpha neoprotein molecules are formed by an association of A and B subunits
      resulting in a different quaternary structure than in alpha crystallin. The
      content of alpha neoprotein vs. alpha crystallin was estimated separately on the
      crystallin, cryoprotein and albuminoid fractions in lenses of animals of
      different species and ages, in lenses with experimentally induced cataracts and
      in human cataractous lenses. Alpha crystallin was determined on immunoadsorbents
      with bound antibodies restricted to quaternary determinants of this protein.
      Alpha neoprotein molecules were determined in the filtrate containing lens
      proteins not bound on the above immunoadsorbent. The filtrate was applied on an
      anti-A chain immunoadsorbent, and after desorption the A chain-containing
      molecules were applied on an anti-B chain immunoadsorbent. The amount of lens
      proteins bound to the latter immunoadsorbent gave a measure of molecules formed
      by an association of A with B chains other than in alpha crystallin, that is of
      alpha neoproteins. No alpha neoprotein was present in lenses from 2-week-old rats
      or in the 3- to 6-month-old calf lens cortex. The 2-year-old bovine lens nucleus
      did contain alpha neoproteins, but only in the albuminoid fraction. The lenses of
      adult rats (i.e. 3- to 4-month-old) contained alpha neoprotein molecules mainly
      in the albuminoid fraction; small amounts were also found in the cryoprotein
      fraction. All three fractions of lens proteins from 1-year-old rats contained
      alpha neoprotein molecules. No significant differences in the content of alpha
      neoprotein molecules were found in lenses with experimentally induced X-ray and
      galactose cataracts and in normal controls. This finding does not exclude
      possible structural differences between normal and cataractous alpha neoproteins.
      In human senile cataractous lenses, the content of alpha neoprotein molecules in
      all fractions analyzed equaled or exceeded the content of alpha crystallin
      present. The present findings demonstrate an age-dependent formation in the
      mammalian lens of alpha crystallin neoproteins lacking native quaternary
      determinants. The data obtained point to the possibility that the structural
      lability of alpha crystallin may be a contributing factor in cataractogenesis.

PMID- 3884354
TI  - The ocular secretory immune system of the rat.
AB  - Ocular tissues and tears of adult male rats were examined for the presence of
      immunoglobulins (Ig) and secretory component (SC). By immunofluorescent analysis,
      we found the highest density of Ig-containing cells in the exorbital (lacrimal)
      gland. In contrast, few if any Ig-containing cells were observed in the
      conjunctiva or Harder's gland. IgA was the most frequent cell-associated isotype
      identified in the exorbital gland, and the number of IgA-containing cells was
      much greater than that of IgM- or IgG-containing cells. With respect to IgG, cell
      counts were fairly evenly distributed among the various subclasses. No IgE
      containing cells were detected in ocular tissues. SC was identified exclusively
      within the acinar cells of the exorbital gland. In tears, IgA was the predominant
      isotype and occurred almost entirely in the polymeric form. Of the IgG
      subclasses, IgG 2a was present in the greatest concentration. Only trace amounts
      of IgG 2b were found, and IgG 1, IgG 2c and IgM could not be detected. The level
      of free SC in tears was relatively high, compared to the concentration of free SC
      reported in other mucosal secretions. These results suggest that the exorbital
      gland is the primary tissue associated with the ocular secretory immune system of
      the rat. Furthermore, our findings indicate that rat tears contain components
      that may provide immune defense for the ocular surface.

PMID- 3884355
TI  - Determination of the inducers of Fc (FcRI) and C3 (C3RI) receptors on myeloid
      cells in several media from human and mouse origin, and the identification of the
      macrophage as the cell that produces these factors.
AB  - The presence of factors responsible for the induction of Fc receptors (FcRI) and
      C3 receptors (C3RI) on mouse myeloid cells was determined in postendotoxin serum
      and in media conditioned by postendotoxin lungs, peritoneal macrophages,
      peritoneal granulocytes, and lymphocytes from either the lymph nodes, the thymus,
      or the spleen, FcRI and C3RI were found only in postendotoxin serum and in media
      conditioned by either postendotoxin lungs or peritoneal macrophages. The apparent
      molecular weights obtained by molecular sieving chromatography in Sephadex G-100
      were 10,500 daltons for FcRI and 35,000 daltons for C3RI. These results suggest
      the existence of several molecules responsible for induction of Fc and C3
      receptors. Under our experimental conditions, the macrophage was the only blood
      cell capable of FcRI and C3RI production, thus hinting at a possible feedback
      regulatory mechanism. In order to determine whether both inducing factors are
      also present in normal individuals, human serum and urine were used. FcRI and
      C3RI were both found in human serum, while only the FcRI factor was detected in
      urine. These results indicate that the normal human being produces FcRI and C3RI,
      and that probably the C3RI does not pass through the kidney barrier. The
      mechanism of action of these factors can be studied by using mouse cells.

PMID- 3884356
TI  - Natural killer lymphocytes in hairy cell leukemia: presence of phenotypically
      identifiable cells with defective functional activity.
AB  - Eleven patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) were studied to determine the
      number and function of circulating natural killer (NK) lymphocytes in this
      disorder using a well-defined surface marker of these cells (Mac-1), the
      fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), and a standard 51Cr release assay to
      determine cytotoxicity against the K562 cell line. Four of these patients
      demonstrated normal numbers of phenotypic and morphological (large granular
      lymphocyte) NK cells in the blood, but these cells showed a severe functional
      deficiency in their ability to lyse the K562 target. Sorting experiments
      demonstrated that although all of the NK activity was contained within the
      phenotypically identifiable NK population, the defect in NK function persisted
      even when these cells were isolated from other cell populations. Of the remaining
      seven patients, two had normal numbers and function of NK cells and five showed a
      marked deficiency of both phenotypic NK cells in the blood and NK function. These
      data suggest that the marked in vitro functional deficiencies of NK activity that
      occur in a majority of patients with HCL are sometimes associated with the
      preservation of phenotypically identifiable NK cells that are qualitatively
      rather than quantitatively deficient.

PMID- 3884357
TI  - Functionally abnormal marrow stromal cells in aplastic anemia.
AB  - We studied the myeloid colony-stimulating activity (CSA) of marrow stromal cells
      (MSC) derived from normal subjects and patients with aplastic anemia, acute
      leukemia, and other myeloproliferative disorders. CSA of the MSC was determined
      in a bilayer system. Feeder layers with varying numbers of MSC (10(4) to 2 X
      10(5)) were used. Of 40 MSC tested, 39 stimulated myeloid colony formation by the
      normal target marrow mononuclear cells. The optimal concentration of MSC
      exhibiting the maximal stimulation of myeloid progenitors (CFU-GM) varied with
      different MSC. MSC from normal subjects and from patients with acute leukemia and
      myeloproliferative disorders were potent stimulators of CFU-GM differentiation.
      In contrast, MSC from patients with aplastic anemia had poor CSA, suggesting that
      the marrow microenvironment is functionally abnormal in aplastic anemia.

PMID- 3884358
TI  - Nocturnal asthma: effect of a once per evening dose of sustained release
      theophylline.
AB  - In a double-blind, multiple-dose, cross-over study the therapeutic effects of an
      S-R theophylline preparation given once each night (mean 11.2 mg/kg/day) were
      compared to standard treatment with an S-R aminophylline preparation every 12 h
      (mean 10.3 mg theophylline/kg/day) in 9 patients with nocturnal asthma. On Day 5
      of each treatment period, serum theophylline concentrations and PEF were measured
      every 2 h over a 24 h period. With the twice-daily regimen peak theophylline
      concentrations were lower at night than during the day (mean 9.4 +/- 0.9 vs 11.3
      +/- 1.0 mg/1). With the single administration, serum theophylline concentrations
      were considerably higher at night (mean C max 16.3 +/- 1.4 mg/1). In spite of the
      high theophylline peak to trough difference (mean 12.0 +/- 2.1 mg/1) during the
      once daily regimen, the circadian variations of PEF were significantly reduced.
      Thus, greater airways' stability can be obtained by appropriate timing of
      theophylline administration.

PMID- 3884359
TI  - Smooth muscle phenotypic changes in arterial wall homeostasis: implications for
      the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3884360
TI  - Hepatoprotective effects of prostacyclins on CCl4-induced liver injury in rats.
AB  - Certain biochemical parameters of acute liver injury induced by carbon
      tetrachloride were investigated in rats treated with prostacyclin (PGI2) and two
      of its derivatives. Serum glutamate oxalacetate transaminase elevation and both
      triglyceride accumulation and reduction of glycogen content in liver were
      significantly suppressed by PGI2, 7-oxo-PGI2, and 20-methyl-13,14-didehydro-2,4-m
      interphenylene-PGI2 48 hr after the injury. Prostacyclins partially restored some
      of the parameters of injury even in doses of 10 micrograms/kg ip. When the
      compounds were given 24 hr after CCl4 intoxication, much more pronounced
      protection was observed than in the case of treatments 1 hr before administration
      of the hepatotoxin. Thus, all tested prostacyclins exerted significant protective
      effects on acute liver damage which is obtained mainly in the second phase of the
      injury.

PMID- 3884361
TI  - Public funding of contraceptive, sterilization and abortion services, 1983.
AB  - In 1983, the federal and state governments spent +340 million to provide
      contraceptive services--four percent more than they spent during the previous
      year. Title X of the Public Health Service Act, still the leading source of
      funding, accounted for +117 million, or 34 percent of all public expenditures.
      Almost as important was the +108 million (32 percent of total expenditures)
      provided through Title XIX of the Social Security Act (Medicaid). Two block-grant
      programs--Social Services and Maternal and Child Health--provided +38 million and
      +19 million, respectively; together, the two were responsible for 17 percent of
      public support for contraceptive services. State governments, which spent +58
      million of their own revenues, provided an additional 17 percent of funding. Some
      public expenditures for contraceptive services were made in all the states.
      Nearly all of the four percent increase in total public funds between 1982 and
      1983 was due to a 15 percent rise in Medicaid reimbursements. The federal and
      state governments together spent +69 million to provide about 73,000
      sterilizations in 1983. Ninety percent of sterilization expenditures were made by
      the federal government--86 percent through the Medicaid program. In addition, the
      states and the federal government spent +71 million to provide 216,000 abortions
      in 1983. Unlike public funding for either contraceptive services or
      sterilization, almost all of the funding for abortion came from the states rather
      than from the federal government.

PMID- 3884362
TI  - Was Margaret Sanger a racist?

PMID- 3884363
TI  - [Drug absorption in aging].

PMID- 3884364
TI  - [Comparative study of hormonal preparations by isoelectric focusing and
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis].
AB  - The authors studied the purity of the hormonal drugs by electrophoresis in
      polyacrylamide gel and isoelectrofocusing. Identified fractions found in insulin,
      glucagon, andecaline and in other preparations. Established that
      isoelectrofocusing has a higher separation power as compared with disc
      electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel.

PMID- 3884365
TI  - [Toxicity of etmozin under extreme conditions].
AB  - A study was made of the toxicity of etmozine injected into rats of both sexes
      intraperitoneally under usual conditions, into overheated rats, into rats adapted
      to pressure chamber hypoxia, and into rats preadapted to pressure chamber
      hypoxia. It was established that etmozine toxity in the overheated rats
      significantly lessened as compared to that in intact animals, whereas in the rats
      adapted to pressure chamber hypoxia and in the overheated rats preadapted to
      pressure chamber hypoxia, it significantly rose.

PMID- 3884366
TI  - [Fluctuations in drug levels in animal and human blood after a single
      administration].

PMID- 3884367
TI  - [Clinical pharmacokinetics of verapamil and nifedipine].

PMID- 3884368
TI  - Photobiological properties of furothiocoumarins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Nine furothiocoumarins corresponding to psoralen, 8-methylpsoralen, 3-carbethoxy
      8-methylpsoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen, pseudopsoralen, angelicin,
      isopseudopsoralen, allopsoralen and pseudoisopsoralen were synthesized by
      treating furocoumarins with phosphorus pentasulfide. Photobiological studies on
      haploid yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) revealed that the
      furothiocoumarins exert some photoactivity on cell survival and the induction of
      mitochondrial damage. In most cases, the furothiocoumarins were less active than
      their furocoumarinic counterparts and exhibited a preference for a monofunctional
      type of action. A certain photochemotherapeutic activity can be suggested.

PMID- 3884369
TI  - Novel thiazolidine-2,4-dione-4-thiosemicarbazone and 4-[(3,4-diaryl-3H-thiazol-2
      yl)azo]thiazolidin-2-one derivatives: synthesis and evaluation for antimicrobial
      and anticancer properties.
AB  - Two novel series of 3-benzylthiazolidine-2,4-dione-4-thiosemicarbazones (V - IX)
      and 3-benzyl-4-[(3,4-diaryl-3H-thiazol-2-yl)azo]thiazolidin-2-on es (X - XXII)
      were synthesized as potential antimicrobial and anticancer agents. The products
      were found to be inactive against a variety of microorganisms and the preliminary
      antileukemic evaluation of some representative compounds against P 388
      lymphocytic leukemia indicated insignificant activity.

PMID- 3884370
TI  - On a sequence similarity between ribosomal protein S5 and DNA binding protein II.

PMID- 3884371
TI  - Protein S4 is near the elongation factor G binding site in the ribosome.
AB  - Using a mild iodination method for protein radioactive labeling, it has been
      shown that elongation factor G, when bound to the ribosome as EFG-GDP-fusidic
      acid complex, protects protein S4 from labeling. The results indicate that
      protein S4 is probably near the ribosomal EFG binding site.

PMID- 3884372
TI  - Hormonal regulation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels in epididymal adipose
      tissue of rat.
AB  - The participation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate on glycolysis stimulated by
      insulin and adrenaline in incubated white adipose tissue of rat was investigated.
      Adrenaline addition to incubated fat-pads strongly decreased the intracellular
      levels of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. When the tissue was preincubated with
      glucose, the presence of insulin in the incubation medium increased fructose 2,6
      bisphosphate levels 2-fold. These variations were related to changes in the
      substrates, ATP and fructose 6-phosphate. It therefore appears that fructose 2,6
      bisphosphate may be involved in the control of insulin-induced glycolysis, but it
      does not seem to play a role in the stimulation of glucolysis by adrenaline.

PMID- 3884373
TI  - Brain micro glutamic acid-rich protein is the C-terminal endpiece of the
      neurofilament 68-kDa protein as determined by the primary sequence.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of bovine brain micro glutamic acid-rich protein was
      determined by analysis of tryptic and Trimeresurus flavoviridis protease peptides
      of the molecule. The protein comprised 82 amino acid residues and has an Mr of
      8992. The established sequence was highly homologous (90% identity) to the
      sequence of C-terminal 82 residues of the neurofilament 68-kDa protein from
      porcine spinal cord; there are differences of 8 residues which could be species
      specific amino acid substitutions. This indicates that the micro glutamic acid
      rich protein may arise by a restricted proteolysis of the neurofilament 68-kDa
      protein, with the break occuring toward the C-terminus.

PMID- 3884374
TI  - Effects of GTP,GDP[beta S] and glucose on adenylate cyclase activity of E. coli
      B.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase activity was measured in suspensions of E.coli B, rendered
      permeable with toluene. The enzyme was activated in a dose-dependent manner by
      GTP and by its non-hydrolysable analogue, GTP[gamma S]. In contrast, incubation
      with GDP[beta S], a non-phosphorylatable analogue of GDP, caused a dose-related
      inhibition of adenylate cyclase; this was partially overcome by addition of GTP.
      GTP did not relieve, and GDP[beta S] augmented, the non-competitive and dose
      related inhibition of E.coli adenylate cyclase by glucose.

PMID- 3884375
TI  - Proenzyme to urokinase-type plasminogen activator in the mouse in vivo.
AB  - We have investigated whether urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) is
      present in the mouse in vivo as the proenzyme or as the active enzyme. u-PA in
      extracts of various murine tissues was of a one-polypeptide chain form with an
      electrophoretic mobility indistinguishable from purified proenzyme (pro-u-PA), as
      demonstrated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions
      followed by immunoblotting. No 2-chain u-PA was detected in any of the extracts
      (detection limit 10% of that of one-chain u-PA). In bladder urine more than half
      of the u-PA was of the one-chain form. Together with previous immunocytochemical
      studies of the normal murine tissues and studies of the Lewis lung carcinoma, the
      present results indicate that in these tissues the one-chain proenzyme is the
      predominant form of u-PA in intracellular stores and for the first time
      demonstrates that at least in some cases the one-chain form constitutes a
      sizeable fraction of the u-AP in extracellular fluids in the intact organism.

PMID- 3884376
TI  - Characterization of a monoclonal antibody reacting with histone H3.
AB  - A hybridoma cell line, 1GB3, has been obtained from a fusion between SP/O-Ag 14
      myeloma cells and lymphocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with rat liver nuclear
      proteins. This hybridoma secreted a monoclonal antibody of the IgG2b class which
      reacted specifically with histone H3 in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
      as well as in immunoblotting and immunodot assays. Stringent test conditions were
      necessary to eliminate the presence of nonspecific or contaminating reactions
      with other histones than H3. The monoclonal antibody appears to recognize an
      epitope situated in the N-terminal residues 20-50 of histone H3; it recognizes
      this epitope in the octamer aggregate of core histones but not in the core
      particle.

PMID- 3884377
TI  - Size and domain structure of collagen VI produced by cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - Disulfide-bonded forms of collagen VI were analyzed by immunoblotting of
      fibroblast culture medium and cell extracts. The protein consists of pepsin and
      collagenase-resistant domains of about equal size indicating a molecular mass of
      340 kDa for collagen VI monomers.

PMID- 3884378
TI  - Third International Symposium on 'Molecular Interactions in Biological Systems'
      'Eukaryotic Ribosomes and Biosynthesis of Proteins'. Summary of the Symposium
      held in Berlin-Buch, GDR, on 22-25 October, 1984.

PMID- 3884379
TI  - Alterations in mitochondrial aconitase activity and respiration, and in
      concentration of citrate in some organs of mice with experimental or genetic
      diabetes.
AB  - Mouse islets (not used for respiration), kidneys and liver were studied in early
      and manifest alloxan diabetes, and in genetic diabetes. In these organs the
      mitochondrial aconitase activity was lower, state 3 respiration with citrate or
      pyruvate plus malate (but not with succinate) was decreased, and the
      concentration of citrate was increased, compared with non-diabetic control mice.
      The alterations suggest a role of lowered activity of mitochondrial aconitase in
      alloxan diabetes, and probably also in genetic diabetes.

PMID- 3884380
TI  - Saturable [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin transport into cholinergic synaptic
      vesicles.
AB  - Incubation of cholinergic synaptic vesicles purified from the electric organ of
      Torpedo ocellata with radiolabeled [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin results in its
      accumulation in the vesicles. Kinetic analysis of the initial rates of uptake
      reveals temperature-dependent saturation kinetics which are best fitted by a
      single transport system (KT = 12 +/- 2 microM and Vmax = 0.85 +/- 0.24 pmol/mg
      protein per min). The specific rates and extents of [3H]-[D-Ala2, D-Leu5]
      enkephalin uptake, like those of [3H]acetylcholine uptake, are highest in the
      purified synaptic vesicles fraction. These findings suggest that Torpedo
      cholinergic synaptic vesicles contain an opioid peptide transporter. The
      physiological significance of this transporter is discussed in view of the recent
      observation that Torpedo nerve terminals contain an endogenous enkephalin-like
      peptide and presynaptic opiate receptors.

PMID- 3884381
TI  - Degradation of somatomedins by the thioredoxin system.
AB  - The insulin disulfide reducing thioredoxin system from E. coli was used to
      investigate a possible mechanism of degradation for the two somatomedins, insulin
      like growth factor I and II (IGF-I and -II). The amounts of IGF-I and -II
      remaining after degradation were measured by use of human placenta radioreceptor
      assay. The results show that both IGF-I and -II were as sensitive to disulfide
      reduction as insulin.

PMID- 3884382
TI  - Neural regulation of the cardiovascular system during exercise.
AB  - Neural components important in control of the cardiovascular system during
      exercise can be divided into central nervous system (CNS) components and
      peripheral components. CNS components would include the cerebral cortex,
      cerebellum, medullary region of the brain stem, and the spinal cord. Peripheral
      components would include the efferent limbs of the autonomic nervous system and
      afferent fibers carrying information to the CNS. The neural pathways involved in
      the control of cardiovascular system during exercise and the relationship between
      the various neural components have been actively pursued in the last few years.
      Several new studies suggest that information arising from the active muscles and
      the cardiovascular system itself may be important in the control of the
      cardiovascular system during exercise. The cerebellum may play a modulating role
      in the cardiovascular response. The information from the peripheral afferent
      fibers, the cerebellum, and the cerebral cortex is integrated in the brain to
      result in overall neural control. Exercise training probably modifies the central
      integration of information and modifies the cardiovascular response to exercise
      and other stresses.

PMID- 3884383
TI  - The contribution of neuroscience to exercise studies.
AB  - Recent advances in neuroscience have resulted in theoretical and technological
      developments and a substantial data base that provide new opportunities for those
      involved in exercise studies. The scope of opportunities available as a result of
      these advances is explored in brief reviews of four areas of inquiry: phase- and
      state-dependent reflexes; the effects of motor activity on neuronal responses to
      injury; the orderly recruitment of motor units; and fatigue. Within the framework
      of a tripartite neural control model, an examination of the extent of our
      knowledge on fatigue revealed two features. First, although numerous failure
      sites have been identified as potential contributors to the force reduction of
      fatigue, little is known about the relative significance of these failure sites
      in everyday activity. Second, technical developments have made it feasible to
      address the central nervous system aspects of fatigue on a cellular basis.

PMID- 3884384
TI  - Recent advances in temperature regulation during exercise in humans.
AB  - This paper describes first the dynamics of heat transfer from active muscle to
      the body core and then the physiological regulatory mechanisms that act to modify
      the rates of heat transfer from core to skin and from skin to environment. After
      this, nonthermal factors influencing the regulatory mechanisms are described,
      emphasizing the importance of body fluid status and its influence on the
      temperature regulatory mechanisms. The control of cutaneous vasomotor and
      venomotor tone is the shared effector loop of both the blood pressure and
      temperature regulatory systems; during exercise these systems interact, with the
      former system predominating when mutually exclusive demands exist. The importance
      of blood volume is emphasized again in a final discussion of the effects of
      improved physical condition on the temperature regulatory system.

PMID- 3884385
TI  - Consequences associated with nonnarcotic analgesics in the fetus and newborn.
AB  - Nonnarcotic analgesics include well-known, widely used substances such as
      acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and acetaminophen. ASA is a potent inhibitor of
      prostaglandin synthesis, and this mechanism is responsible for many potential
      toxicities in the fetus and newborn. These may include bleeding, altered renal
      function, and constriction of the ductus arteriosus in addition to analgesia. As
      such, ASA is frequently avoided during gestation and the immediate neonatal
      period. Acetaminophen is less well recognized as an agent with activity outside
      the central nervous system. It does not possess antiinflammatory activity like
      other substances that inhibit prostaglandins but has been shown to be an
      analgesic with potency comparable to ASA. This is believed to be by inhibition of
      brain prostaglandin synthetase. We have determined by using the chronically
      catheterized sheep fetus that acetaminophen has potent activity on the ductus
      arteriosus and produces a constriction, in therapeutic analgesic quantities,
      comparable to ASA. Thus, acetaminophen may be a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin
      function in the fetus.

PMID- 3884386
TI  - Effects of maternal opiate abuse on the newborn.
AB  - Infants born to opiate-dependent women frequently have low birth weights and low
      1- and 5-min Apgar scores. Significant postnatal problems, excluding neonatal
      withdrawal, can include jaundice, infection, aspiration pneumonia, transient
      tachypnea, and hyaline membrane disease. Neonatal abstinence may be severe and
      persist for as long as 3 months. Abstinence symptoms can include central nervous
      system hyperirritability, gastrointestinal dysfunction, respiratory distress,
      tremors, fever, high-pitched cry, increased muscle tone, uncoordinated sucking
      and swallowing reflexes, dehydration, and possible electrolyte imbalance. During
      the first week of life, increased respirations associated with hypocapnia and
      alkalosis may occur. The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale has been
      used to quantify the neurobehavioral effects on neonates of narcotics
      administered prenatally. A marked decline in mortality rates of infants born to
      opiate-dependent mothers is evident. In Philadelphia, infant morbidity has been
      related not only to the type of maternal narcotic dependence, but also to the
      amount of prenatal care. Infants whose mothers received prenatal care have been
      found to have higher birth weights similar to infants of control mothers.
      Although the newborn with intrauterine exposure to narcotic agents may appear
      normal at birth, the effects of the pharmacologic agent may not become apparent
      until later in development. To obtain a more favorable outcome for the high-risk
      mother and child involved in the problems of perinatal addiction, several
      recommendations are proposed.

PMID- 3884387
TI  - Prenatal effects of alcohol on growth: a brief overview.
AB  - Intrauterine growth retardation is the most reliable consequence of prenatal
      exposure to alcohol in both humans and animals. The decrease in fetal growth is
      caused by alcohol, not by congeners present in alcoholic beverages. The most
      likely hypothesis whereby alcohol decreases growth is via hypoxia, which
      interferes with cellular processes that require oxygen to function adequately,
      e.g., placental transport and protein synthesis. The third trimester of pregnancy
      is when alcohol exerts its greatest impact on fetal growth.

PMID- 3884388
TI  - Effects of oxygen on the newborn.
AB  - The free radical theory of O2 toxicity provides a testable explanation of the
      mechanism of O2's toxic effects on a biochemical and cellular level. In addition,
      it provides for an understanding of the array of normal antioxidant defenses of
      the cell and an insight to rational approaches to pharmacologic prophylaxis
      against clinical O2 toxicity. Neonatal animals of many species are much more
      resistant to the lethal effects of exposure to high concentrations of O2 than are
      the adult animals of the species; this increased tolerance is associated with the
      newborn lungs' ability to increase its normal complement of protective
      antioxidant enzymes during O2 exposure. Premature infants who require vigorous
      hyperoxic respiratory support early in life frequently develop acute and chronic
      lung changes compatible with pulmonary O2 toxicity, so-called bronchopulmonary
      dysplasia. The lung of the prematurely born may be quite ill-adapted for
      protecting itself against hyperoxic exposure owing to immaturity of its
      antioxidant defensive systems. Clinical pharmacologic stratagems designed to
      augment the intracellular antioxidant defensive capacity of the lung may become
      available in the near future, which would provide some means to prevent or
      ameliorate the serious lung damage associated with the clinical use of life
      giving O2.

PMID- 3884389
TI  - Ketone body metabolism during development.
AB  - This paper briefly reviews the role of ketone bodies during development in the
      rat. Regulation of ketogenesis is in part dependent on the supply to the liver of
      medium- and long-chain fatty acids derived from mother's milk. The partitioning
      of long-chain fatty acids between the hepatic esterification and oxidation
      pathways is controlled by the concentration of malonyl-CoA, a key intermediate in
      the conversion of carbohydrate to lipid. As hepatic lipogenesis is depressed
      during the suckling period, [malonyl-CoA] is low and entry of long-chain acyl-CoA
      into the mitochondria for partial oxidation to ketone bodies is not restrained.
      Removal of ketone bodies by developing tissues is regulated by their availability
      in the circulation and by the activities of the enzymes of ketone body
      utilization. The patterns of activities of these enzymes differ among tissues
      during development so that the neonatal brain is an important site of ketone body
      utilization. The major role of ketone bodies in development is as an oxidative
      fuel to spare glucose, but they can also act as lipid precursors.

PMID- 3884390
TI  - Ketone body metabolism in the mother and fetus.
AB  - Pregnancy is characterized by a rapid accumulation of lipid stores during the
      first half of gestation and a utilization of these stores during the latter half
      of gestation. Lipogenesis results from dietary intake, an exaggerated insulin
      response, and an intensified inhibition of glucagon release. Increasing levels of
      placental lactogen and a heightened response of adipose tissue to additional
      lipolytic hormones balance lipogenesis in the fed state. Maternal starvation in
      late gestation lowers insulin, and lipolysis supervenes. The continued glucose
      drain by the conceptus aids in converting the maternal liver to a ketogenic
      organ, and ketone bodies produced from incoming fatty acids are not only utilized
      by the mother but cross the placenta where they are utilized in several ways by
      the fetus: as a fuel in lieu of glucose; as an inhibitor of glucose and lactate
      oxidation with sparing of glucose for biosynthetic disposition; and for
      inhibition of branched-chain ketoacid oxidation, thereby maximizing formation of
      their parent amino acids. Ketone bodies are widely incorporated into several
      classes of lipids including structural lipids as well as lipids for energy stores
      in fetal tissues, and may inhibit protein catabolism. Finally, it has recently
      been shown that ketone bodies inhibit the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines in
      fetal rat brain slices. Thus during maternal starvation ketone bodies may
      maximize chances for survival both in utero and during neonatal life by
      restraining cell replication and sustaining protein and lipid stores in fetal
      tissues.

PMID- 3884391
TI  - Preferential utilization of ketone bodies in the brain and lung of newborn rats.
AB  - Persistent mild hyperketonemia is a common finding in neonatal rats and human
      newborns, but the physiological significance of elevated plasma ketone
      concentrations remains poorly understood. Recent advances in ketone metabolism
      clearly indicate that these compounds serve as an indispensable source of energy
      for extrahepatic tissues, especially the brain and lung of developing rats.
      Another important function of ketone bodies is to provide acetoacetyl-CoA and
      acetyl-CoA for synthesis of cholesterol, fatty acids, and complex lipids. During
      the early postnatal period, acetoacetate (AcAc) and beta-hydroxybutyrate are
      preferred over glucose as substrates for synthesis of phospholipids and
      sphingolipids in accord with requirements for brain growth and myelination. Thus,
      during the first 2 wk of postnatal development, when the accumulation of
      cholesterol and phospholipids accelerates, the proportion of ketone bodies
      incorporated into these lipids increases. On the other hand, an increased
      proportion of ketone bodies is utilized for cerebroside synthesis during the
      period of active myelination. In the lung, AcAc serves better than glucose as a
      precursor for the synthesis of lung phospholipids. The synthesized lipids,
      particularly dipalmityl phosphatidylcholine, are incorporated into surfactant,
      and thus have a potential role in supplying adequate surfactant lipids to
      maintain lung function during the early days of life. Our studies further
      demonstrate that ketone bodies and glucose could play complementary roles in the
      synthesis of lung lipids by providing fatty acid and glycerol moieties of
      phospholipids, respectively. The preferential selection of AcAc for lipid
      synthesis in brain, as well as lung, stems in part from the active cytoplasmic
      pathway for generation of acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA from the ketone via the
      actions of cytoplasmic acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase and thiolase.

PMID- 3884392
TI  - Ketone body metabolism in the neonate: development and the effect of diet.
AB  - In the course of mammalian development milk has evolved with unique
      characteristics as has the capacity of the neonatal rat to process this nutrient
      source. The primary carbon source in milk is fat, which provides two readily
      utilized metabolites, acetoacetate and D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate (ketone bodies), as
      well as free fatty acids and glycerol. Carbohydrate provides less than 12% of the
      caloric content of rat milk and glucose has to be produced by the suckling rat to
      maintain glucose homeostasis. One would predict that glucose would be used
      sparingly and in pathways that cannot be satisfied by other readily available
      metabolites. Studies of the uptake of metabolites and the development of key
      enzymes for the utilization of glucose and ketone bodies by developing brain
      support the concept that ketone bodies are preferred substrates for the supply of
      carbon to respiration and lipogenesis. Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons
      from developing brain all have an excellent capacity to use ketone bodies for
      respiration. By contrast, glucose is utilized preferentially in the hexose
      monophosphate shunt by all three cell populations. We are examining the
      requirement for ketone bodies by developing brain with the application of a
      system to rear rat pups artificially on a milk substitute that promotes a
      hypoketonemia.

PMID- 3884393
TI  - Fatty acid metabolism and ketone formation in the suckling rat.
AB  - Rat milk triacylglycerols contain 35% medium-chain length fatty acids. About 70%
      of ingested medium-chain fatty acids are released from milk triacylglycerols in
      the stomach and small intestine and are absorbed directly into the portal venous
      system. Based on studies with the perfused suckling rat liver and in vivo studies
      with 2-tetradecylglycidic acid, an inhibitor of long-chain fatty acid oxidation,
      it is estimated that medium-chain fatty acids provide 75-80% of the substrate for
      ketogenesis. The preferential use of medium-chain fatty acids for ketogenesis
      spares long-chain fatty acids for complex lipid and membrane biosynthesis during
      this period of rapid growth. Although medium-chain fatty acids are the major
      substrate for ketogenesis, this pathway accounts for only 15% of the utilization
      of ingested medium-chain fatty acids, the rest presumably being oxidized directly
      in extrahepatic tissues.

PMID- 3884394
TI  - How important are carnitine and ketones for the newborn infant?
AB  - The newborn oxidizes a large amount of fat. This is reflected in the slow rise of
      plasma levels of ketones and of total carnitines and acylcarnitines. Feeding a
      diet devoid of carnitine (soy-based formulas, total parenteral nutrition [TPN] )
      rapidly results in a fall in plasma total carnitine levels, whereas in the adult
      such a fall is observed only after a prolonged time of TPN. This suggests that
      carnitine synthesis in the newborn is less efficient than in the adult. Gluteal
      adipocytes in the newborn show a rise in carnitine content and in the activity of
      carnitine transferases soon after birth, when values are higher than in the
      adult. Their respiration, lipolysis, and triglyceride formation are enhanced by L
      carnitine and inhibited by D-carnitine. This is not so in the adult. Addition of
      L-carnitine to soybean-based formulas decreases plasma triglyceride and free
      fatty acid levels in premature infants, who have lower carnitine levels at birth
      than full-term babies. In pregnant women plasma total carnitine levels are
      significantly depressed. maternal urinary excretion of total carnitine decreases
      as gestational age increases, and less is also found in amniotic fluid. Plasma
      levels of total carnitines and acylcarnitine are the same (or higher) in fetal as
      in maternal plasma. It is concluded that carnitine may be of particular
      importance to the neonate and that adding it to foods lacking this substance may
      be advantageous.

PMID- 3884395
TI  - [Medicine in the Moscow State].

PMID- 3884397
TI  - [G. V. Fol'bort (on the centenary of his birth)].

PMID- 3884396
TI  - The prediction of ovulation: a comparison of the basal body temperature graph,
      cervical mucus score, and real-time pelvic ultrasonography.
AB  - Ninety-five menstrual cycles were studied in 20 women undergoing donor artificial
      insemination (AID). In 49 cycles basal body temperature (BBT) changes were
      charted daily and both daily cervical mucus scoring (modified Insler score) and
      daily realtime ultrasonography (USS) were performed from day 11 to ovulation. AID
      was performed only on the day of follicular rupture. A control group, not
      subjected to USS, were inseminated two to three times per cycle over 46 cycles in
      the periovulatory period. The Insler score was found to be a reliable indicator
      of follicular development and rupture. The BBT was found to be less reliable than
      the Insler score or USS. While USS may be used to confirm follicular development,
      the Insler score is reliable and less costly.

PMID- 3884398
TI  - Ultrasound evaluation of a gravid uterus, large for dates.

PMID- 3884399
TI  - [Trials on bulla induction by antibodies from bullous pemphigoid patients in vivo
      and in vitro].

PMID- 3884400
TI  - [The history of dermatology. On the 150th birthday of Filipp Josef Pick].

PMID- 3884401
TI  - Multiple sclerosis and bullous pemphigoid.
AB  - 3 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who developed severe widespread bullous
      pemphigoid (BP) are presented. MS preceded the presentation of BP by 13-23 years
      (mean 18 years). BP was confirmed histologically and immunopathologically. Upon
      successful therapy with steroids, no recurrence of BP was observed over a 3-5
      year (mean 3.7 years) follow-up. Several abnormalities of the immune system have
      been reported in both diseases. It is interesting to speculate that amidst
      existing immunologic abnormalities in all 3 patients with MS, a specific event,
      immunologic or viral or both may have triggered the development of BP.

PMID- 3884402
TI  - Urticaria-like follicular mucinosis.
AB  - Two middle-aged men with a cyclic eruption of transient urticarial papules of the
      face are described. Deposits of mucinous material were observed in cycstic spaces
      in their hair follicles. In direct immunofluorescence cells bearing IgE and C1q
      were found scattered in the dermis and were identified as mast-cells. Both
      patients experienced some relief of their disease in summer.

PMID- 3884403
TI  - Connective tissue in diabetes mellitus: biochemical alterations of the
      intercellular matrix with special reference to proteoglycans, collagens and
      basement membranes.
AB  - Diabetes mellitus induces alterations in the metabolism of the macromolecules
      present in the intercellular matrices and particularly in the basement membranes.
      These contribute to the morphological changes characteristic of the disease :
      basement membrane thickening, skin thickening and induration. Accumulation of
      overglycosylated collagens and diminution of sulfated proteoglycan concentrations
      are the most generally reported biochemical modifications in human or animal
      diabetic states. More limited data are available concerning elastin, fibronectin
      and laminin in diabetes.

PMID- 3884404
TI  - Effect of long-term near-normoglycemia on the progression of diabetic
      nephropathy.
AB  - The effect of prolonged restoration of near-normoglycemia on the progression of
      diabetic nephropathy was evaluated in a controlled study in which 10 insulin
      dependent (type 1) diabetic patients with clinical proteinuria were randomized to
      continue with conventional insulin treatment (CIT) or to undertake more intensive
      diabetic therapy using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). The
      patients, mean age 33 +/- 8 yr, mean duration of diabetes 15 +/- 4 yr, were
      studied before and during 12 months of either CIT or CSII therapy. Glycemic
      control was assessed by means of mean blood glucose (MBG) +/- Standard deviation
      (SD), urinary glucose excretion and glycosylated hemoglobin, while renal function
      was assessed by albumin, IgG and beta-2-microglobulin urinary excretion rates,
      serum creatinine and creatinine clearance. Blood glucose level, urinary glucose
      excretion and glycosylated hemoglobin fell significantly in the CSII group, while
      no differences were found in the CIT group after the 12 months observation
      period. Both groups showed a deterioration in all indices of renal function, as
      illustrated by an increase of protein excretion rates and of serum creatinine,
      and by a decline in creatinine clearance. Comparison of the rate of increase of
      urinary albumin and IgG excretion and of serum creatinine and of the rate of fall
      in creatinine clearance between CIT and CSII groups demonstrated that the rate of
      progression of diabetic nephropathy may be slowed by correction of hyperglycemia.
      Our study, with due reservations because of the small number of examined patients
      and differences in kidney function at the beginning of the trial shows that
      intensive diabetic care may play a role in the proteinuric stage of diabetes in
      slowing further destruction of residual glomerular structure and in delaying end
      stage renal failure.

PMID- 3884405
TI  - [Treatment of chronic renal insufficiency in the diabetic by dialysis and
      transplantation].
AB  - The number of diabetics with end stage renal disease (ESRD) is growing. The best
      treatment at the lowest cost possible should be offered to all diabetics if
      therapeutic facilities are available. Such a policy requires that all dialysis
      methods and transplantation should be available and that transfer from one method
      to another should always be allowable. Results observed among insulin and non
      insulin-dependent diabetics are improving steadily, even in the older age group.
      However they are inferior to those observed in non diabetic people of the same
      age. Adequate medical care, including excellent control of high blood pressure
      and good control of blood glucose levels should reduce the frequency of severe
      complications including cardiac, ocular and peripheral vascular lesions. In
      diabetic patients under forty years of age, renal transplantation using a kidney
      from a cadaver or a related donor should be the first choice. However, for most
      patients dialysis methods are required as the only treatment or while waiting for
      a transplant. Very encouraging results are obtained with both hemodialysis and
      peritoneal dialysis. If home dialysis is considered, continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) offers the opportunity to treat many insulin-dependent
      or non dependent diabetics at home even those in the high risk population because
      of age and/or cardio-vascular instability. CAPD offers excellent control of blood
      glucose levels using the intraperitoneal route to administer insulin. Results
      obtained are discussed from data in the literature and from a survey of 124
      insulin-dependent diabetic cases with ESRD treated in the Department of
      Nephrology of the Hospital de La Pitie from 1973 to 1984.

PMID- 3884406
TI  - Metoclopramide and breast feeding: efficacy and anterior pituitary responses of
      the mother and the child.
AB  - The purpose of this randomized, double-blind clinical study was to evaluate the
      efficacy of the antidopaminergic agent metoclopramide (MC) in the treatment of
      puerperal lactational insufficiency, and prolactin, TSH and free thyroxine
      responses of the mother and the child to this therapy. Therefore, 11 women
      received MC (10 mg 3 times daily orally) and 14 a placebo for 3 wk. MC increased
      the serum concentration of PRL from 57.5 + 45.5 U/l to 315.0 + 300.0 U/l (P less
      than 0.001), and the amount of daily milk yield in 8 women with established
      lactational deficiency rose from 285 + 75 ml to 530 + 162 ml (P less than 0.01)
      while the placebo was ineffective. Serum concentrations of TSH and free thyroxine
      did not change during either of the treatments. Serum concentrations of PRL, TSH
      and free thyroxine in the infants were similar in both groups and remained
      unchanged throughout the study. Our results suggest that MC is useful in the
      treatment of deficient puerperal lactation, and it does not stimulate the
      pituitary lactotropes or thyrotropes of the nursing infants.

PMID- 3884407
TI  - The ultrasound score and fetal heart-rate pattern as predictor of fetal outcome.
AB  - Over a period of one year 312 high-risk patients (HRP) were prospectively
      monitored using ultrasound score (USS), nonstress test (NST) and contraction
      stress test (CST). There were nine cases with low USS, seven of them had reactive
      NSTs, were delivered vaginally without any evidence of distress in labour and had
      normal Apgar scores with no perinatal morbidity. In the remaining two cases the
      NST was nonreactive and they were delivered by cesarean section because of fetal
      distress. The NST was not reactive in 18 patients, eight of them subsequently had
      abnormal CST and displayed fetal distress during labour. The USS was high in 16
      cases. The results of this study seems to indicate that in cases with nonreactive
      NST, CST is a better predictor of fetal outcome than the ultrasound score.

PMID- 3884408
TI  - A double-blind controlled subjective study of a new pharmaceutical preparation of
      lormetazepam versus placebo in patients with chronic sleep disturbances.
AB  - A double-blind crossover trial was carried out on the sleep-inducing activity of
      a new preparation (oral drops) of lormetazepam versus placebo. Twenty patients
      were included and requested to subjectively evaluate their sleep, both by
      analogue scales and semiquantitative ratings, during 2-night administration of
      the two products. Also, the usual parameters, sleep duration, sleep latency and
      number of awakenings were evaluated. Lormetazepam drops appeared to exert the
      same actions as the capsules' preparation, being significantly different from
      those of the placebo.

PMID- 3884409
TI  - Piretanide, a potassium stable diuretic, in the treatment of essential
      hypertension: a double-blind comparison of two formulations.
AB  - In a randomized double-blind parallel group study the effects of two formulations
      of piretanide (standard tablet and slow-release capsule) were compared in
      patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Forty patients entered the
      study and thirty-seven completed it. Both formulations of piretanide produced a
      significant reduction in erect and supine blood pressure which was evident at 2
      weeks and was maintained and further enhanced over the ensuing trial period. A
      mean maximal fall in supine diastolic pressure of 22% was observed in the
      piretanide tablet group, and of 20% in the slow-release piretanide group. Blood
      pressure fell more quickly at the beginning of treatment with the tablet
      preparation, such that there was a significant difference between the groups up
      to the fourth week. After this point the blood pressure lowering effect was very
      similar in both groups and there was a progressive reduction in supine blood
      pressures over the 12-week active-treatment period. Slow-release piretanide
      produced a smoother effect than the tablet formulation. There were no significant
      changes in serum potassium and serum magnesium in either treatment group. Minor
      changes were seen in some other biochemical and haematological variables but
      these were of no clinical significance. Three patients were withdrawn from the
      study because of side-effects: one because of an excessive antihypertensive
      response to the tablet formulation; and two because of allergic reactions to the
      slow-release preparation. Side-effects were otherwise mild and infrequent.

PMID- 3884410
TI  - The effectiveness of glycosaminoglycans in peripheral vascular disease therapy: a
      clinical and experimental trial.
AB  - Thirty patients suffering from peripheral vascular disease (stage-II according to
      Fontaine) were included in a double-blind study aimed at assessing the efficacy
      of a high-dose glycosaminoglycan (GAG) (Sulodexide) both in terms of laboratory
      parameters, such as lipid metabolism and blood coagulation components, and
      instrumental procedures (strain-gauge plethysmography). Compared with the fifteen
      control patients (treated with placebo), the fifteen patients treated with
      Sulodexide showed a significant decrease in blood triglycerides and fibrinogen as
      well as a significantly increased HDL-cholesterol, and positive instrumental
      changes: at the end of treatment Peak and Rest Flow values--and consequently also
      Winsor's index--were significantly increased only in patients treated with
      Sulodexide.

PMID- 3884411
TI  - The treatment of senile dementia associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency: a
      comparative study of buflomedil and dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids.
AB  - Seventy-six patients took part in a randomized, comparative study of the efficacy
      of buflomedil hydrochloride and dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids in the treatment
      of senile dementia associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency. Efficacy was
      assessed by the patients' performance in four psychometric tests. The results
      showed that a trend in favour of the buflomedil group in three of the tests
      became statistically significant in the fourth. Both drugs appeared to be safe,
      causing no marked adverse reactions. In conclusion, buflomedil is as effective or
      more effective than dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids in the treatment of senile
      dementia associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency and could prove a valuable
      addition to long-term therapy if further studies support the trend shown in this
      study.

PMID- 3884412
TI  - Urinary electrolyte excretion and orthostatic response of blood pressure and
      plasma renin activity in children with postural hypotension before and after
      treatment with Dihydergot.
AB  - Na and K metabolism, and orthostatic response of blood pressure and plasma renin
      activity (PRA) were studied in six children, aged 10 to 15 years, with postural
      hypotension before and after treatment with Dihydergot (DHE). All abnormal
      findings which we had already observed in children with postural hypotension
      (i.e. low fractional excretion of filtered Na in spite of low PRA, extremely high
      PRA on fainting, great postural fall in blood pressure, and so on) improved on
      treatment with DHE. This suggests that these abnormal physiological findings
      found in children with postural hypotension may result from increased venous
      pooling which can be reduced by DHE. Consequently, DHE seems an excellent drug to
      treat postural hypotension from the physiological point of view.

PMID- 3884413
TI  - Keoxifene shows pure antiestrogenic activity in pituitary gonadotrophs.
AB  - Estrogens increase both basal and LHRH-induced LH release in rat anterior
      pituitary cells in culture. Following 48 h of preincubation with 1 nM 17 beta
      estradiol, the maximal LH response to LHRH is increased 1.5-fold while the ED50
      value of LHRH action is decreased 2.5-fold from 500 to 200 pM. The maximal 3-fold
      stimulation of 0.3 nM LHRH-induced LH release by 17 beta-estradiol is exerted at
      a KD value of 14.4 pM. Keoxifene (300 nM) completely blocks the potent
      stimulatory effect of 17 beta-estradiol up to 1 nM, the highest concentration of
      the estrogen used. As shown by the complete reversal of the stimulatory effect of
      0.1 and 1.0 nM 17 beta-estradiol by keoxifene at IC50 values of 7.7 and 34 nM
      respectively, the antiestrogen interacts competitively with 17 beta-estradiol at
      the estrogen binding site. When present alone, keoxifene shows no estrogenic
      activity. The present data show that keoxifene acts as a pure antiestrogen on the
      control of LHRH-induced LH release in rat pituitary gonadotrophs.

PMID- 3884414
TI  - Chronic illness and school achievement.

PMID- 3884415
TI  - Maturation of the response of human fetal pancreatic explants to glucose.
AB  - The release of insulin from the human pancreas in response to glucose is known to
      be either poor or absent in the fetus, whereas in the infant and adult, the
      response is much greater. The maturation of this response was examined
      systematically in this study using pancreases that were initially obtained at 14
      20 weeks gestation and maintained either in culture alone or by passaging them in
      diabetic nude mice. Stimulation with glucose was carried out in vitro using
      tissue of ages ranging from 14 to 58 weeks. A response to glucose was initially
      seen at 25 weeks and this dramatically increased in the fetal tissue that had
      reached an age of 55 weeks or more. One of the nude mice used for passage
      developed normoglycaemia and when the pancreatic implant of age 52 weeks was
      removed, diabetes recurred. Our findings support the idea of the use of human
      fetal pancreatic tissue in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3884416
TI  - Aorta and muscle metabolism in pigs with peripheral hyperinsulinaemia.
AB  - Peripheral hyperinsulinaemia usually found in conventionally treated Type 1
      (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients may have deleterious metabolic effects. We
      have used a hyperinsulinaemic model to examine intermediary metabolism in two key
      peripheral tissues, aorta and muscle. Nine pigs were immunized with crystalline
      insulin. Subsequently, they showed an insulin-binding capacity of 86.2 +/- 25.0
      pmol/l and fasting total serum insulin of 3.9 +/- 3.1 nmol/l (control range 0.034
      0.072 nmol/l), impaired glucose tolerance after oral glucose tolerance testing,
      significantly elevated levels of peripheral venous serum free insulin and C
      peptide, and increased mean post-prandial free insulin/glucose ratios. The
      immunized pigs showed marked elevation of aorta and muscle triglycerides compared
      with control pigs (n = 15) but similar levels of non-esterified fatty acids. The
      glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA
      dehydrogenase activities were all increased significantly (by 50%-300%) in both
      aorta and muscle. Phosphofructokinase was decreased in both tissues. Hexokinase
      was increased in muscle alone whereas pyruvate kinase was significantly decreased
      in aorta. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was not significantly
      different in aorta and muscle. Thus in insulin immunized pigs with normal beta
      cell function and pronounced peripheral hyperinsulinaemia there was increased
      peripheral lipogenic activity. These findings have potentially important
      implications with regard to macrovascular disease in diabetes.

PMID- 3884418
TI  - Insulin binding and internalization in human and chicken erythrocytes and the
      role of the cell nucleus.

PMID- 3884417
TI  - Long-term regulation of hexose transport by insulin in cultured mouse (3T3)
      adipocytes.
AB  - Observations in vivo suggest that insulin acts as a long-term regulator of hexose
      uptake in fat cells. In the present study, we examined the long-term effect of
      insulin on hexose uptake in vitro. Exposure of fully differentiated mouse 3T3-L1
      adipocytes to insulin induced a time-, concentration-, and protein synthesis
      dependent increase in basal 2-deoxyglucose uptake (up to 40%) and a decrease in
      the 'acute' insulin response. The decrease in insulin effect was due to post
      receptor alterations, since insulin binding was not substantially altered. The
      increase in basal 2-deoxyglucose uptake was due to an increase in the apparent
      Vmax of the transport system rather than to the observed increase (30%) in
      hexokinase activity, since the concentration of non-phosphorylated 2-deoxyglucose
      inside the cell was far below the extracellular concentration. The increase in
      apparent Vmax was most likely due to a protein synthesis-dependent increase in de
      novo synthesis of hexose transporters. Glucose was not essential for the effect.
      The mechanism responsible for the loss in insulin response remains to be solved.
      It can be concluded that insulin has the ability to act as a long-term regulator
      of hexose uptake in fat cells in vitro.

PMID- 3884419
TI  - Production of insulin resistance by hyperinsulinaemia in man.
AB  - It has been proposed that hyperinsulinaemia may cause or exacerbate insulin
      resistance. The present studies were undertaken to test this hypothesis in man.
      Glucose utilization, glucose production, and overall glucose metabolism at
      submaximally and maximally effective plasma insulin concentrations (approximately
      80 and approximately 1700 mU/l), and monocyte and adipocyte insulin binding were
      measured in normal volunteers on two occasions: once after 40 h of
      hyperinsulinaemia (25-35 mU/l) produced by infusion of insulin and once after
      infusion of saline (75 mmol/l; plasma insulin approximately 10 mU/l). After 40 h
      of hyperinsulinaemia, glucose utilization and overall glucose metabolism at
      submaximally and maximally effective plasma insulin concentrations were both
      slightly, but significantly, reduced compared with values observed after the
      infusion of saline (p less than 0.05), whereas glucose production rates were
      unaffected. Monocyte and adipocyte binding were also unaffected. These results
      indicate that hyperinsulinaemia of the magnitude observed in insulin resistant
      states, such as obesity, can produce insulin resistance in man. Assuming that
      human insulin sensitive tissues possess spare insulin receptors and that monocyte
      and adipocyte insulin binding accurately reflect insulin binding in insulin
      sensitive tissues, the decreased maximal responses to insulin and the lack of
      change in insulin binding suggest that this insulin resistance occurred at a post
      binding site.

PMID- 3884421
TI  - [Diagnostic strategy in tumors of the liver].

PMID- 3884420
TI  - Properties of isolated human islets of Langerhans: insulin secretion, glucose
      oxidation and protein phosphorylation.
AB  - In the present study, human islets were isolated by collagenase digestion from
      the pancreases of three kidney donors. Maintainance of the islets in tissue
      culture enabled insulin release, glucose oxidation and Ca2+ -calmodulin-dependent
      protein phosphorylation to be determined using the same islets. Increasing
      glucose over a range 0-20 mmol/l resulted in a sigmoidal stimulation of insulin
      release (28.8 +/- 5.2 to 118.4 +/- 25.8 microU . islet-1 . h-1, n = 10; threshold
      less than 4 mmol/l). There was a marked correlation between the insulin secretory
      response of the islets to glucose and their rate of glucose oxidation (5.9 +/-
      0.3 at glucose 2 mmol/l up to 25.8 +/- 1.8 pmol . islet-1 . h-1 at 20 mmol/l, r =
      0.98). N-acetylglucosamine (20 mmol/l) failed to elicit a secretory response from
      the islets. Stimulation of insulin secretion by glucose was dependent upon the
      presence of extracellular Ca2+. Extracts of the islets contained a Ca2+ 
      calmodulin-dependent protein kinase which phosphorylated a 48-kdalton endogenous
      polypeptide. Myosin light-chain kinase activity was demonstrated in the presence
      of exogenous myosin light chains. This report demonstrates for the first time the
      sigmoidal nature of glucose-stimulated insulin release from isolated human
      islets, and its correlation with enhanced glucose oxidation. Furthermore, this is
      the first report of the presence of Ca2+ -dependent protein kinases in human
      islets.

PMID- 3884423
TI  - [Value of esophagogastric fibroscopy in bullous pemphigoid].

PMID- 3884424
TI  - [Does music alleviate endoscopy? A controlled study in 60 patients].

PMID- 3884422
TI  - [Disturbances of glucose metabolism and its regulation in hepatopathies].

PMID- 3884425
TI  - [Angiomyolipoma of the liver. A fortuitous echographic detection].

PMID- 3884426
TI  - [Efficacy of ranitidine and cimetidine in the treatment of gastric or duodenal
      ulcer resistant to an initial treatment with cimetidine. Multicenter controlled
      therapeutic trial].
AB  - In a controlled clinical trial conducted in 28 centers, 354 ambulatory patients
      with a cimetidine-resistant duodenal or gastric ulcer (at least six weeks of
      treatment at a dose of 1 g/day) confirmed by endoscopy were allocated at random
      to either ranitidine or cimetidine treatment: 166 patients received cimetidine
      (1.6 g/day in 4 oral doses), and 188, ranitidine (0.3 g/day in 2 oral doses). The
      two groups differed significantly with regard to sex and history of
      gastrointestinal hemorrhage but not with regard to age, weight, history of peptic
      disease, history of perforated ulcer, duodenal/gastric ulcer ratio, number of
      smokers and alcohol consumers. The criterion of effectiveness was endoscopic
      healing of the ulcer after six weeks of treatment; in case of doubt, vital
      staining with methyl blue was performed. A significant difference was observed
      between the results of the two treatments in the duodenal group (p less than
      0.05) but not in the gastric group, the healing rates being respectively 71 p.
      100 and 65 p. 100 with ranitidine, and 59 p. 100 and 44 p. 100 with cimetidine.
      Twelve patients developed side-effects with a highly significant difference
      between the two groups: 11 patients under cimetidine and one patient under
      ranitidine (p less than 0.001). These results show the effectiveness of
      ranitidine as a complementary treatment in cimetidine-resistant peptic ulcers of
      duodenal location.

PMID- 3884427
TI  - Intrinsic factor within parietal cells of patients with juvenile pernicious
      anemia. A retrospective immunohistochemical study.
AB  - One of the diverse group of disorders that cause pernicious anemia in childhood,
      juvenile pernicious anemia, has been characterized by normal acid secretion,
      normal gastric mucosal histology, adequate intestinal absorption of cobalamin in
      the presence of exogenous gastric intrinsic factor (IF), but the inadequate
      "production" of IF from birth. Inadequate production has been inferred from the
      absence of measured IF in stimulated gastric secretions. To assess whether
      immunogenic IF was commonly present within the parietal cells of subjects with
      juvenile pernicious anemia, we studied paraffin-embedded biopsy material from the
      largest reported series of childhood pernicious anemia, using a well
      characterized indirect immunoperoxidase method. Preliminary studies were able to
      identify IF in fundic mucosal biopsy specimens that had been stored for as long
      as 27 yr. In a blinded evaluation, six of the nine fundic biopsy specimens from
      children with juvenile pernicious anemia demonstrated immunogenic IF. Two sets of
      siblings were concordant for the presence or absence of intracellular IF, and six
      gastric biopsy specimens from patients with Imerslund's syndrome were all
      positive for IF. These findings indicate that juvenile pernicious anemia is a
      heterogeneous group of disorders whose similar clinical expression might be
      caused by (a) inadequate synthesis of IF, (b) a block in IF secretion, (c) the
      secretion of an abnormal IF that does not bind to cobalamin, or (d) the secretion
      of other abnormal IFs that could contain a number of other functional defects.

PMID- 3884428
TI  - Acute effects of captopril on systemic and renal hemodynamics and on renal
      function in cirrhotic patients with ascites.
AB  - The reduction of angiotensin II production by captopril--an angiotensin
      converting enzyme inhibitor--could suppress hyperaldosteronism without impairment
      of renal function and could thereby be useful in the treatment of ascites in
      patients with cirrhosis. Systemic and renal hemodynamics and renal function were
      studied in 6 nonazotemic patients with cirrhosis and ascites with a low-sodium
      diet before and after oral administration of 25 mg of captopril. Cardiac output
      and renal blood flow did not change significantly after administration of
      captopril, whereas mean arterial pressure significantly decreased. Systemic and
      renal vascular resistances were significantly reduced. There was a statistically
      significant reduction of glomerular filtration rate, filtration fraction, and
      urinary output. Plasma renin activity significantly increased in all patients
      after administration of captopril. A statistically significant correlation was
      found between the decrease in mean arterial pressure and the reduction of
      glomerular filtration, but no relationship was found between basal values of
      plasma renin activity and the other observed variations. We concluded that
      captopril mainly induces hypotension due to an increase in renal vasodilatation
      in ascitic patients with cirrhosis.

PMID- 3884429
TI  - Diffuse lymphomatous polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract. A case report with
      immunohistochemical studies.
AB  - A case of diffuse lymphomatous polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract is
      reported. The patient presented with abdominal pain and weight loss and x-rays
      revealed multiple polyps involving the entire gastrointestinal tract. Biopsies
      confirmed the diagnosis of lymphomatous polyposis. The patient also had
      involvement of the bone marrow and supraclavicular lymph node. Immunologically
      this lymphoma was characterized as a monoclonal proliferation of B lymphocytes
      bearing immunoglobulin M, type kappa. Diffuse lymphomatous polyposis of the
      gastrointestinal tract appears to be a generalized malignancy of uncommitted B
      cells of Peyer's patches. The migratory properties of these cells may account for
      the tendency to dissemination of lymphomatous polyposis. Diffuse lymphomatous
      polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract is a distinct entity, separate from the
      diffuse gastrointestinal lymphoma known as Mediterranean-type lymphoma.

PMID- 3884430
TI  - [Perioperative infection prevention with cefotaxime].
AB  - In a study comprising 172 patients who had been abdominally or vaginally
      hysterectomised, the effectivity of short-term prophylaxis with cefotaxim on
      various infection parameters was examined. The 100 patients of the prophylaxis
      group showed a significant reduction (p less than 0.01) of postoperative fever
      and of pelvic infections after vaginal hysterectomies. With abdominal
      hysterectomies, wound infections and pelvic infections were not reduced so
      strikingly. Infections of the urinary tract were seen less frequently in the
      prophylaxis group. Perioperative short-term prophylaxis is meaningful in vaginal
      hysterectomies, whereas in abdominal hysterectomies such prophylaxis will be
      useful only in cases with enhanced risk of infection.

PMID- 3884431
TI  - [Amine colpitis, not only an esthetic problem: increased infection risk in
      labor].
AB  - In 76 women with non-specific vaginitis we could always isolate Gardnerella
      vaginalis and several anaerobics, especially Bacteroides species, in hgh counts.
      In 19 puerperae, bacteriologial examinations of the infected episiotomy wound
      yielded a spectrum of pathogens similar to that of non-specific vaginitis. In 74
      per cent of the women with wound infection following episiotomy, non-specific
      vaginitis had either already been present before childbirth (and identified as
      Gardnerella vaginalis vaginitis), or was confirmed at the time of infection.
      Staphylococcus aureus was seen in 16 per cent of the wound infections, whereas
      other pathogens were identified in 10 per cent. In a prospective study on vaginal
      flora ante partum and rate of infection post partum, based on 405 vaginal
      deliveries, 80% of the examined pregnant women had a normal vaginal flora with
      lactobacilli. In 12%, we found Gardnerella vaginalis, and in 8% a mixed flora.
      Since the rate of infection in women with Gardnerella vaginalis vaginitis and
      episiotomy was found to be ten times higher than that in women with Doderlein's
      flora and episiotomy, it is obvious that Gardnerella vaginalis vaginitis is not
      just an aesthetic problem.

PMID- 3884432
TI  - [Splenosis: a rare cause for pelvic pain (diagnosis and modern therapy with
      pelviscopy). A case report].
AB  - Definition, diagnosis, and therapy of splenosis are demonstrated by presenting a
      case report. Operative pelviscopy, performed twice, would be the best method for
      diagnosis and therapy of splenosis compared with the treatment with radiation or
      laparotomy.

PMID- 3884433
TI  - [Detection of intrauterine growth retardation within the scope of routine
      prenatal care].
AB  - In a retrospectively reviewed series of 84 small for gestational age newborn
      (below less than P10), 45 were identified to be growth-retarded by routine
      prenatal care. Among 58 babies below less than P5, the diagnosis of IUGR was made
      in 62 per cent. Results of ultrasound measurements were below normal range in 55
      per cent. Symphyseal-fundal distance was abnormal in 36 per cent. Both ultrasound
      and SF distance yielded abnormal results in 18 pregnancies, whereas normal
      results were seen in 10 women. In 8 pregnancies, either SF distance or ultrasound
      examination indicated IUGR. However, in 28 out of 39 patients, in which IUGR was
      not recognised during pregnancy, clinical findings and/or obstetrical history
      were positive.

PMID- 3884434
TI  - [Fetal femur length in the 2d and 3d trimester of pregnancy].
AB  - Results of sonographic determination of the length of femur between the 12th and
      42nd week of pregnancy are presented. The length of femoral diaphysis was
      determined as part of a cross-sectional study on a total of 595 patients who were
      not at risk, and where the gestation age was known and confirmed. The growth
      function of the foetal femoral length was determined via a polynomic regression
      equation. The foetal femoral length growth presents a characteristic appearance
      between the 12th and 42nd pregnancy week. In the 12th pregnancy week it is 11 mm
      on the average, 33 m in the 20th, 58 mm in the 30th, and 76 mm at birth. After an
      almost linear progression up to about the 30th week of pregnancy, the growth
      curve gradually begins to flatten out from that time. The mean growth rate of
      foetal femoral length during the entire period under observation is about 1 to 3
      mm per pregnancy week. The authors present a table showing the 95% interval for
      estimating the gestational age. A relatively accurate estimate of the gestational
      age is particularly possible in the "early" range between 5 and 32 mm
      (corresponding to the 12th to 20th week of pregnancy), namely, +/- 9.7 to 10.3
      days (95% interval). In femoral measurement results 33 mm to 76 mm (corresponding
      to the 20th to 42nd week of pregnancy), the range of error of the estimate is +/-
      20.6 days. Additional measurement of the foetal femoral length is useful for on
      target diagnosis of malformations, for estimating the gestational age, for growth
      control/weight estimation, and, in certain cases, also for diagnosing the
      maturity.

PMID- 3884435
TI  - [Use of a column chromatographic method for obtaining a thrombolytic preparation
      from the culture broth of the fungus Trichothecium roseum].

PMID- 3884436
TI  - [Prolymphocytic leukemia].

PMID- 3884437
TI  - [Living with someone else's heart?].

PMID- 3884438
TI  - Effect of low light intensity on testicular function in photorefractory domestic
      ganders.
AB  - The seasonal variation of the plasma testosterone level of domestic ganders-
      living under natural photoperiod in Central Hungary--shows a bimodal rhythmicity.
      An experimental group of ganders within a photorefractory period was exposed to
      continuous low light intensity (1 lx/m2) from the middle of July until the
      beginning of August. They were then kept under natural daylight (14.5 L-9.5 D),
      and then had extra light (14 L-10 D) until the end of the experiment (end of
      November). The testis weight and the plasma concentration of testosterone were
      increased significantly as a result of low light intensity but failed to reach
      the seasonal (February) peak. Having readjusted the birds to natural photoperiod
      the testosterone plasma concentration did not continue to increase, but decreased
      slowly for 44 days (16 September). Between the 44th and 52nd day of the
      experiment (24 September) the testosterone concentration was reduced to the level
      of the control animals, which were maintained under natural photoperiod. It was
      established that the photorefractory period had not been terminated by 3 weeks'
      low light intensity, but a moderate gonadostimulation had occurred. Since
      photostimulation did not increase the plasma testosterone, but a superactive LH
      RH analog increased it significantly in birds which had been in low light
      intensity, it is supposed that the cause of the refractoriness in ganders may
      also be decreased gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion.

PMID- 3884439
TI  - Mutations leading to expression of the cryptic HMRa locus in the yeast
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Mutations leading to expression of the silent HMRa information in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae result in sporulation proficiency in mata1/MAT alpha diploids. An
      example of such a mutation is sir5-2, a recessive mutation in the gene SIR5. As
      expected, haploids carrying the sir5-2 mutation are nonmaters due to the
      simultaneous expression of HMRa and HML alpha, resulting in the nonmating
      phenotype of an a/alpha diploid. However, sir5-2/sir5-2 mata1/MAT alpha diploids
      mate as alpha yet are capable of sporulation. The sir5-2 mutation is unlinked to
      sir1-1, yet the two mutations do not complement each other: mata1/MAT alpha sir5
      2/SIR5 SIR1/sir1-1 diploids are capable of sporulation. In this case, recessive
      mutations in two unlinked genes form a mutant phenotype, in spite of the presence
      of the normal wild-type alleles. The PAS1-1 mutation, Provider of a Sporulation
      function, is a dominant mutation tightly linked to HMRa. PAS1-1 does not affect
      the mating ability of a strain, yet it allows diploids lacking a functional MATa
      locus to sporulate. It is proposed that PAS1-1 leads to partial expression of the
      otherwise cryptic a1 information at HMRa.

PMID- 3884440
TI  - Parkinson's disease in the elderly: psychiatric manifestations.
AB  - Drug-induced psychiatric symptoms are usually reversible within days. However, if
      the patient also has cognitive impairment of a more permanent nature, improvement
      may not be seen for weeks or even months. During the year preceding the diagnosis
      of Parkinson's disease, the incidence of depression, hyperirritability, and
      instability of emotions is significant. After the onset of Parkinson's disease,
      depression is very common.

PMID- 3884441
TI  - Dementia: guidelines for improving Tx.

PMID- 3884442
TI  - Current concepts of geriatric pain and its treatment.
AB  - Because stress and depression are prevalent in the elderly, the opportunity for
      pain to intensify stress and depression may be greater in older people than in
      the general population. Evidence that pain-related psychosomatic complaints are
      more frequent in the elderly further complicates the issue. Antidepressants that
      affect serotonergic systems may have analgesic properties independent of their
      antidepressant properties; eg, amitriptyline and doxepin. These drugs may have a
      more rapid effect on pain than on depression.

PMID- 3884443
TI  - Hyperlipidemia: forestalling complications in older diabetics.
AB  - Mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia is not associated with specific signs or
      symptoms in either IDDM or NIDDM. However, symptoms of the "chylomicronemia
      syndrome," including abdominal pain and acute pancreatitis, can occur when poorly
      controlled diabetes is present in a patient with a familial form of
      hyperlipidemia. The low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet that was commonly recommended
      for diabetics during past years may have contributed to the elevated plasma LDL
      levels in some individuals. Such "diabetic diets" may also have played a role in
      the predisposition of diabetics toward atherosclerotic complications.

PMID- 3884444
TI  - Chronic blisters on aging skin: causes and treatment.
AB  - Direct immunofluorescence of perilesional tissue in approximately 90% of patients
      shows a linear or tubular deposition of immunoglobulins--generally IgG and C3--at
      the basement membrane zone. Mild or localized eruptions can be controlled with
      topical steroids and wet dressings. If involvement is more extensive, oral
      prednisone is given in divided doses of 40 to 60 mg/d until the lesions heal.

PMID- 3884445
TI  - AIDS: a new disease.

PMID- 3884447
TI  - Cancer and acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3884446
TI  - Cutaneous and lymphadenopathic Kaposi's sarcoma in Africa and the USA with
      observations on persistent lymphadenopathy in homosexual men at risk for the
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3884448
TI  - Immunology of groups at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3884449
TI  - Overview of infectious diseases and other nonmalignant conditions in the acquired
      immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - Treatment of an AIDS patient with opportunistic infections is clearly complicated
      by the immunological and nutritional deficiencies associated with the syndrome.
      Clinical control of some individual infections may be achieved with traditional
      or investigational measures, but relapse or appearance of another serious
      infection may be expected within months in most patients. While progress has been
      made in the treatment of infections such as those discussed in this paper and
      elsewhere in this symposium, 'successful' treatment of an opportunistic infection
      in a patient with AIDS is comparable to achieving a remission in a patient's
      cancer. Such 'successful' treatment in no way implies cure or even control of the
      acquired immune deficiency itself.

PMID- 3884450
TI  - Asymptomatic lymphadenopathy and other early presentations of AIDS.

PMID- 3884452
TI  - The problem of Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS.

PMID- 3884451
TI  - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

PMID- 3884453
TI  - AIDS and oncogenesis.

PMID- 3884455
TI  - Photometric oculometry: a slit-lamp technique for determination of intraocular
      distances.
AB  - The optics of slit-lamp fluorophotometry were analyzed. This analysis forms the
      basis of the formulation of a slit-lamp technique called photometric oculometry,
      which makes it possible to measure intraocular distances. A comparison between
      ultrasonography and photometric oculometry in the determination of the ocular
      axial length was carried out. Measurements in 11 eyes showed statistical
      agreement, with a mean of 22.90 mm, SD +/- 1.815 (ultrasound), and a mean of
      23.17 mm, SD +/- 1.667 (photometry). The principle involved in photometric
      oculometry is of special importance for the calculation of the blood-retinal
      barrier permeability to fluorescein by vitreous fluorophotometry, since the
      method allows the volume of the vitreous body to be estimated directly from the
      slit-lamp fluorophotometer recording.

PMID- 3884456
TI  - Gerontology Journal Club: a continuing education modality for experienced social
      workers in an acute hospital setting.

PMID- 3884454
TI  - Composition of cellular infiltrates in rejected human corneal allografts.
AB  - We utilized the leu series of monoclonal antibodies and an indirect
      immunoperoxidase technique to quantitate the cellular infiltrates in seven
      rejected human corneal allografts and compared them to nine identically processed
      corneas from patients with chronic herpetic stromal keratitis and to three
      control corneas. The cellular infiltrates in the rejected allografts were of
      mixed composition, comprised predominantly of leu-1 positive T-lymphocytes and
      leu-M3 positive macrophages. Both helper and cytotoxic-suppressor T-cells were
      identified in the stromal lesions. Statistically significant differences were
      noted in the absolute number of mononuclear cells and macrophages seen
      infiltrating the rejected corneal allografts compared to the herpetic corneas. We
      discuss the implications of these findings with regard to possible mechanisms
      underlying corneal allograft rejection in man.

PMID- 3884457
TI  - Social support and the receipt of home care services.

PMID- 3884459
TI  - Informal networks and well-being in later life: a research agenda.

PMID- 3884458
TI  - Caregiving within kinship systems: is affection really necessary?

PMID- 3884460
TI  - Misinterpretations of increases in life expectancy in gerontology textbooks.

PMID- 3884462
TI  - [Prostacyclin in the physiopathogenesis of pre-eclampsia].

PMID- 3884461
TI  - [Prolonged pregnancy and post-maturity: myth or reality].

PMID- 3884463
TI  - [Treatment of stab wounds of the heart].

PMID- 3884464
TI  - [Bronchial adaptation by rotation anastomosis].

PMID- 3884465
TI  - [Articles on esophageal surgery in the journal "Grudnaia Khirurgiia" over the
      past 25 years].

PMID- 3884466
TI  - [Rupture of the aortic arch].

PMID- 3884467
TI  - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

PMID- 3884468
TI  - Measurement of gastric emptying in dyspeptic patients: effect of a new
      gastrokinetic agent (cisapride).
AB  - Symptoms suggesting gastroparesis in patients without gastric outlet obstruction
      are very common but their relation to an objective delay of gastric emptying has
      been poorly investigated. A dual isotopic technique was used to evaluate patients
      with non-obstructive dyspepsia (idiopathic and secondary) (part 1) and to assess
      the effects of a new gastrokinetic agent: cisapride, on gastric emptying in such
      patients (part 2). Sixty patients with postprandial dyspeptic symptoms (vomiting,
      nausea, gastric bloating or full feeling) and without lesions at upper endoscopy
      were studied. They were distributed into three groups: idiopathic dyspepsia (n =
      31), postvagotomy dyspepsia (n = 16) and dyspepsia secondary to medical disorders
      (n = 13). All patients ingested the same ordinary meal; 99mTc sulphur colloid
      tagged egg white was the solid phase marker and 111In chloride was the liquid
      phase marker. In part 1, evaluation of gastric emptying in the first 50 patients
      shows a delay of gastric emptying rate of solids and liquids as compared with
      controls. Striking differences separate the three groups of patients, however,
      percentages of delayed gastric emptying rate of solids and or liquids averaged
      90% in postvagotomy or secondary dyspepsia groups whereas it was 44% in
      idiopathic dyspepsia group. Moreover, liquid emptying rate was often the only one
      impaired in idiopathic dyspepsia, and in 12 of the 27 patients of this group the
      faster emptying rate of liquids as compared with that of solids (always found in
      normal subjects), could not be evidenced. In part 2, 10 patients entered a double
      blind cross over study of cisapride (8 mg intravenously). A significant increase
      of solid (p<0.01) and liquid (p<0.05) emptying rates was found in patients with
      initial gastric emptying delay. This study emphasises the importance of an
      objective evaluation of gastric emptying in the presence of symptoms of gastric
      stasis and suggests that specific local acting therapy may be useful in patients
      with identified abnormal gastric emptying.

PMID- 3884469
TI  - B1 selective adrenoreceptor blockade for the long term management of variceal
      bleeding. A prospective randomised trial to compare oral metoprolol with
      injection sclerotherapy in cirrhosis.
AB  - Oral metoprolol, in a dose sufficient to reduce resting pulse rate by 25%, was
      compared with repeated injection sclerotherapy for the long term management of
      variceal bleeding. The prospective, randomised study was undertaken in 32
      patients with biopsy proven cirrhosis and variceal bleeding who were Grade A or B
      on a modified Child's classification. In the 15 patients receiving metoprolol,
      portal pressure showed a mean fall of 3.7 mmHg (17.3 +/- 1.2 to 13.6 +/- 1.2
      mmHg, p less than 0.01) after four weeks of continuous therapy, as compared with
      pretreatment levels. Nine of the 15 patients taking metoprolol had further
      bleeding (total of 21 episodes) compared with six of 17 in the sclerotherapy
      group (nine episodes). The risk of bleeding per patient/month of follow up was
      three times higher in the metoprolol group compared with those treated by
      sclerotherapy (0.14 and 0.04 respectively, p less than 0.025). Rebleeding in the
      metoprolol group occurred in six of the patients who had a fall in portal
      pressure of 10% or more.

PMID- 3884470
TI  - The effect of inhibition of protein synthesis on UV-irradiated Escherichia coli
      uvrE cells.
AB  - The uvrE (E. coli KS 114) cells carry a mutation in the gene that codes for
      helicase II. This is the protein responsible for replicative unwinding of double
      helical DNA. The repair mode of such cells may be altered as compared with the
      wild type. The survival of uvrE cells during postirradiation incubation under
      inhibition of de novo protein synthesis was increased which indicates that this
      process of repair in uvrE cells is mediated by constitutive proteins and does not
      require any inducible products but takes a certain time. This inhibition of de
      novo protein synthesis causes also an inhibition of dimer excision, an increase
      of the parental DNA degradation and a decrease of parental and daughter DNA molar
      mass. On the other hand, it seems that induced proteins are formed in uvrE cells
      after UV irradiation but their influence is low in inducible repair and they can
      act only under conditions of complete protein synthesis.

PMID- 3884471
TI  - Fifty-four Shigella sonnei colicin types and their typing by specific indicator
      strains.
AB  - Fifty-four S. sonnei colicin types and 92 indicator strains used for their
      determination are listed. Most of the indicators were prepared by conjugational
      transfer of Col factors from shigellae to the recipient strains of E. coli K13
      HfrR nalr and E. coli K12 ROW or by selection of resistant mutants of these
      strains or by combination of both methods. Ten indicators are S. sonnei strains.
      The indicator strains are suitable for E. coli colicin typing.

PMID- 3884473
TI  - Transport of ethanol in baker's yeast.
AB  - Ethanol is transported into various strains of baker's yeast by simple diffusion
      (no effect of inhibitors and a linear concentration dependence of the initial
      rate of uptake and final distribution in cells). It distributes itself in 96.6 +/
      16.2% of intracellular water.

PMID- 3884474
TI  - An adventure in midwifery. The nurse-on-horseback gets a "soon start".

PMID- 3884472
TI  - Antifungal agents as tools in experimental mycology.
AB  - Both natural and synthetic substances are conveniently used for studying
      metabolism, genetic aspects, morphogenesis of cell structures, life cycle and
      differentiation of fungi.

PMID- 3884475
TI  - T lymphocyte sensitization to HBcAg and T cell-mediated unresponsiveness to HBsAg
      in hepatitis B virus-related chronic liver disease.
AB  - Using a newly developed indirect T lymphocyte migration inhibition test, cell
      mediated immunity to HBsAg and HBcAg was directly and simultaneously examined in
      a total of 21 patients with HBsAg-positive chronic liver disease (CLD), and in
      seven subjects whose sera contained anti-HBs (2 previous acute hepatitis B; 4
      hepatitis B vaccine recipients and 1 chronic active hepatitis). T cell
      sensitization to HBcAg was invariably detected in the HBsAg-positive CLD patients
      tested (12/12), whereas T cell sensitization to HBsAg was not present in any of
      the patients (0/21). In contrast, T cell sensitization to HBsAg was present in
      all anti-HBs-positive subjects. These results support the hypothesis that the
      cellular immune response to HBcAg, rather than to HBsAg, is implicated in the
      pathogenesis of HBsAg-positive CLD. Moreover, the observation that the addition
      of T cells from patients with HBsAg-positive CLD to T cells from anti-HBs
      positive subjects in a ratio of 1 to 9 reversed their sensitization to HBsAg,
      suggests that a hyperactivity of HBsAg-specific suppressor T cell population may
      be responsible for persistent HBs antigenemia.

PMID- 3884476
TI  - Therapeutic efficacy of glucan in a murine model of hepatic metastatic disease.
AB  - Glucan, a particulate beta-1,3-polyglucose immunomodulator, was evaluated for its
      ability to modify hepatic metastases and survival in mice with reticulum cell
      sarcoma. Sarcoma M5076 cells were injected subcutaneously (1 X 10(5) cells) into
      syngeneic C57BL/6J male mice. On Day 20, histopathological studies indicated the
      presence of hepatic micrometastases. At this time, glucan (0.45 mg per mouse) or
      dextrose was administered intravenously. Therapy was continued at 3-day intervals
      up to Day 50. By Day 36 postchallenge, the glucan-treated group, when compared to
      the control group, showed a marked decrease in hepatic metastases, both grossly
      and histopathologically. A significant inhibition in the growth of the primary
      tumor also occurred. Plasma clearance of bromosulfophthalein measured on Day 36,
      denoted that glucan therapy maintained hepatic parenchymal cell functional
      integrity, while a 4-fold impairment in bromosulfopthalein removal was observed
      in control mice. Glucan-treated mice showed a 28% (p less than 0.05) long-term
      survival. In contrast, control mice showed a 100% mortality by Day 42
      postchallenge. Studies to evaluate the mechanism of the anti-metastatic action of
      glucan indicated that 8 days after glucan administration, isolated hepatic
      macrophages were significantly more cytotoxic to sarcoma cells in vitro than were
      normal Kupffer cells. At this time, the cytotoxic activity of peritoneal and
      splenic macrophages from glucan-treated mice were unaltered. Additionally, co
      incubation of particulate glucan with diverse populations of normal or tumor
      cells in vitro indicated that glucan exerted a direct cytostatic effect on
      sarcoma and melanoma cells and, in contrast, had a proliferative effect on normal
      spleen and bone marrow cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3884477
TI  - Serum beta 2-microglobulin levels in primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - Serum beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2 mu) was determined in 44 patients with primary
      biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and in 63 patients with other liver disorders. beta 2 mu
      levels were elevated in PBC when compared with chronic persistent hepatitis,
      primary sclerosing cholangitis and noncirrhotic alcohol liver disease, but not in
      comparison with chronic active hepatitis and alcoholic liver cirrhosis. With the
      exception of chronic persistent hepatitis, all liver disorders had significantly
      increased serum concentrations of beta 2 mu when compared with controls. A
      significant correlation between beta 2 mu and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p
      less than 0.001) and beta 2 mu and serum IgG (p less than 0.05) was found in PBC.
      No significant difference in beta 2 mu levels was noted when PBC patients with
      early and late histopathological changes were compared. D-penicillamine treatment
      significantly (p less than 0.01) but transiently reduced beta 2 mu levels in PBC;
      this may reflect the presumed immunosuppressive action of this drug.

PMID- 3884478
TI  - Tubular dysfunction in the deeply jaundiced patient with hepatorenal syndrome.
AB  - We examined beta 2-microglobulin (B2MG) excretion, an index of tubular function,
      in patients with hepatorenal syndrome, in whom tubular function is generally
      regarded as normal. Urine B2MG was significantly higher in these patients than in
      control patients with normal serum creatinine concentration. Patients with high
      urine B2MG concentration had markedly higher serum bilirubin than did patients
      with normal values (31 +/- 3 vs. 10 +/- 8 mg%, p less than 0.001), whereas
      prothrombin activity, serum albumin and serum B2MG concentration were similar. A
      "threshold" serum bilirubin concentration of about 23 mg% differentiated patients
      with normal and high urine B2MG values. Renal morphology at autopsy was
      unremarkable in both groups. Tubular dysfunction, manifested by increased urinary
      excretion of B2MG, occurs in patients with hepatorenal syndrome and deep
      jaundice. This measurement cannot, therefore, be used to make a diagnosis of
      acute tubular injury, as due to aminoglycosides, in such patients.

PMID- 3884479
TI  - The demonstration of cardiac pathology using perfusion-fixation.
AB  - A simple, cheap and reliable method of perfusion-fixation of hearts is described
      using readily available domestic water fitments and a pump specifically designed
      for continuous pumping of corrosive fluids. Hearts fixed in this way readily lend
      themselves to dissection in echocardiographic planes so that strict correlation
      with clinical echocardiography may be made. Furthermore it is an excellent way to
      demonstrate functional valve pathology on post-mortem material.

PMID- 3884480
TI  - Papillary and cystic neoplasm of the pancreas--an acinar cell tumour?
AB  - Two cases of papillary and cystic neoplasm of the pancreas (PCN) occurring in 17
      and 21 year old women are reported with ultrastructural and immunohistochemical
      findings. A review of the English literature shows that although potentially
      malignant, PCN, which occurs mainly in young women, is amenable to surgical cure.
      The significance of large PAS positive and alpha-1-antitrypsin positive tumour
      granules; the lack of specificity of alpha-1-antitrypsin for pancreatic acinar
      cells; the possibility of acinar differentiation of PCN; and its separation from
      pancreaticoblastoma are discussed.

PMID- 3884481
TI  - Primary malignant lymphoma of the thyroid--a tumour of mucosa-associated lymphoid
      tissue: review of seventy-six cases.
AB  - Seventy-six cases of primary thyroid lymphoma have been reviewed employing the
      Kiel classification. These lymphomas are almost entirely of follicle centre cell
      origin, occur predominantly in elderly females, and are frequently associated
      with lymphocytic thyroiditis or Hashimoto's disease. The overall prognosis is
      variable, with long-term survival in a substantial number of cases following
      thyroidectomy and radiotherapy. Results of histological examination including
      immunoperoxidase studies are described. It is proposed that thyroid lymphoma
      represents a neoplasm of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), and the
      implications of this are discussed.

PMID- 3884483
TI  - Typing Haemophilus ducreyi by indirect immunofluorescence assay.
AB  - Rabbits were inoculated with untreated whole cells of 16 strains of Haemophilus
      ducreyi. Homologous titres in an indirect immunofluorescence test ranged from
      1/320 to 1/1280. No cross reactions, or very few, were observed between antisera
      to these strains and 22 other (possible taxonomically related) species, strains,
      and genera. A large diversity in types of antigen was observed among the strains
      of H ducreyi. Antiserum from two antigens (35000 and 3138), however, reacted with
      all 16 H ducreyi antigens tested. At least nine of the strains of H ducreyi
      examined could be identified as determining the type of antigen.

PMID- 3884482
TI  - A histopathologic study of gastric and small intestinal graft-versus-host disease
      following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - Twenty-two stomach and 14 small intestinal biopsy specimens from 24 allogeneic
      bone marrow transplant recipients were reviewed to evaluate the histopathologic
      changes of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in these organs. Associations between
      these results and clinical symptoms and other biopsy results were sought. In both
      organs, single epithelial cell necrosis was found to correlate with GVHD. Gastric
      GVHD was diagnosed in eight patients and small intestinal GVHD in four. Gastric
      GVHD was characterized by nausea, vomiting, and upper abdominal pain without
      diarrhea (the latter being present in only two patients), while all four of the
      patients with small intestinal GVHD had upper gastrointestinal symptoms and
      diarrhea. These symptoms correlated with concurrent rectal biopsy findings;
      pathologic alterations were seen in only one of six specimens from patients with
      gastric GVHD but in three of four with small intestinal GVHD. These findings
      suggest that stomach biopsy may be necessary to diagnose GVHD in patients with
      upper gastrointestinal symptoms but no diarrhea and normal rectal biopsy
      specimens. Diagnostic problems may arise in the early posttransplantation period,
      when the effects of cytoreductive therapy may simulate GVHD, and in patients with
      gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus infection, which may also produce changes
      identical to those of GVHD.

PMID- 3884484
TI  - Comparison of Chlamydia trachomatis alginate (CTA) and ear, nose, and throat
      (ENT) swabs for isolation of C trachomatis.

PMID- 3884485
TI  - Experimental infection of inbred guinea pigs with Treponema pallidum: development
      of lesions and formation of antibodies.
AB  - Inbred strain 2 and strain 13 guinea pigs were infected intradermally in the hind
      legs with different numbers of the virulent Nichols strain of Treponema pallidum.
      About 91% of the animals developed clearly visible lesions after being injected
      with 5 X 10(6) to 10 X 10(6) treponemes. T pallidum organisms could be isolated
      from skin lesions at various stages after infection. Infected animals were
      monitored for the production of specific treponemal and non-specific cardiolipin
      antibodies by the fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA) and
      microhaemagglutination (MHA-TP) tests and the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) card
      test. Low levels of specific antibodies could be detected by both FTA and MHA-TP
      tests from three to four weeks after infection. Maximum titres of treponemal
      antibody generally occurred after week 6 and persisted for several more months.
      These peak titres ranged from 1/40 to 1/80 in the FTA test and 1/160 to 1/320 in
      the MHA-TP test. During the same period infected guinea pigs, unlike rabbits with
      syphilis, did not produce detectable quantities of antibodies against
      cardiolipin.

PMID- 3884486
TI  - Importance of specific IgM antibodies in 116 patients with various stages of
      syphilis.
AB  - We tested 222 serum samples obtained from 51 patients presenting with syphilis,
      before and after treatment; 117 from 65 patients with a history of syphilis (114)
      or yaws (3); 77 from 71 patients with no evidence of syphilis; and 1117
      serologically negative serum samples. Our tests included the IgM fluorescent
      treponemal antibody absorbed (IgM-FTA-ABS) and solid phase haemadsorption assay
      (SPHA) techniques. According to the stage of development of syphilis, IgM
      antibodies were found in 83-100% of the serum samples. This permitted a precise
      diagnosis to be made and cure assessed. As IgM antibodies were absent in serum
      from patients with healed syphilis, resolved syphilis could be distinguished from
      developing syphilis. The sensitivity (92%) of the IgM-FTA-ABS test was comparable
      with that of the SPHA (96%), but the SPHA was more specific (97.4%) than the IgM
      FTA-ABS test (89.61%).

PMID- 3884487
TI  - Internal quality control in serological tests for syphilis.
AB  - The importance of syphilis serological tests demands that laboratory reports are
      reliable. Internal quality control applied to the organisation of a syphilis
      serology service improves laboratory bench performance and reporting. Described
      here are internal quality control procedures of a department that serves a
      genitourinary medicine clinic and conducts 70 000 tests a year to investigate for
      syphilis.

PMID- 3884488
TI  - [Occurrence of Escherichia coli K1 and K5 strains in patients with urinary tract
      infections].
AB  - 1499 E. coli isolates from patients with urinary tract infections were
      investigated for the presence of K1 and K5 strains using specific phages. K1
      antigen was detected in 10,5% and K5 in 6,1% of the strains examined. The strains
      were isolated in two laboratories with different hospitals and outpatient
      departments. With respect to the isolation area and isolation time the frequency
      of K1 and K5 strains was found to be different.

PMID- 3884489
TI  - [Significance of Clostridium septicum as a cause of gas edema].
AB  - Gas gangrene caused by Clostridium septicum is relatively rare. In this paper 15
      cases are described observed within the last 5 years. In 3 cases the gas gangrene
      was acquired exogenously. The other cases were endogenous infections. 9 of these
      cases were associated with colon carcinoma. C. septicum gas gangrene has a high
      lethality rate: 11 of the 15 patients died from the infection.

PMID- 3884490
TI  - [Laboratory diagnosis in suspected infections of the urinary tract].
AB  - Rules for diagnostic procedure in patients with urinary tract infections are
      presented: the different indications for the investigation, the optimal specimen
      and the different laboratory methods. At this point the value of the
      determination of infection markers is investigated. Relating to our own
      experience we propose a stepwise diagnostic procedure. Different constellations
      of results for infection markers, quantitative bacteriological findings and the
      detection of antibacterial activity are discussed. Antibiotic therapy for
      uncomplicated urinary tract infections and for complicated cases are presented
      briefly.

PMID- 3884491
TI  - The axial filament antigen of Treponema pallidum.
AB  - Axial filaments (flagella) of Treponema pallidum have been purified in large
      enough quantities to be analysed electrophoretically. They produced a
      characteristic linear precipitate in two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis.
      Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed three major polypeptides, the most
      prominent having an apparent molecular weight of 37,000, about 1500 less than the
      corresponding component of axial filaments of the Reiter treponeme. A doublet of
      less abundant polypeptides of 33,500-34,000 MW also differed slightly from those
      of the Reiter treponeme. Western blot analysis showed that the principal
      polypeptide of the T. pallidum axial filament was strongly antigenic, and
      antibody to it was prominent in sera from hyperimmunized, as well as acutely
      infected (orchitic), rabbits, and in soluble fractions from acutely infected
      rabbit testes from which large numbers of viable treponemes had been extracted.
      This indicated that antibody to this component was ineffective in eliminating
      treponemes from the tissue.

PMID- 3884492
TI  - Resistance against Brugia malayi microfilariae induced by a monoclonal antibody
      which promotes killing by macrophages and recognizes surface antigen(s).
AB  - Several monoclonal antibodies were produced following the immunization of mice
      with infective larvae of Brugia malayi. One of these gives a positive
      fluorescence reaction on the surface of B. malayi microfilariae and this
      particular monoclonal antibody (IgM isotype) was able to mediate mouse peritoneal
      macrophage adherence to, and killing of, B. malayi microfilariae in vitro.
      Adherence and killing were enhanced by fresh normal mouse serum, suggesting a
      role for complement. When the same monoclonal antibody was passively transferred
      to mice harbouring microfilariae in their circulation, a complete clearance of
      microfilariae was observed in 70% of the animals. This monoclonal antibody was
      able to recognize antigenic determinants (of 110,000 MW) present on the surface
      of B. malayi microfilariae by radioimmunoprecipitation.

PMID- 3884493
TI  - Rabbit antisera against three different bacteria which can induce reactive
      arthritis: analysis by ELISA, immunoprecipitation and Western Blot.
AB  - Three strains of bacteria which induce reactive arthritis were collected: a
      Shigella flexneri, designated 7060; another Sh. flexneri, designated 316; and a
      Yersinia enterocolitica of serotype 03. Rabbit antisera were generated against
      each of them to test for the extent and nature of cross-reactivity among these
      strains. When analysed by the ELISA technique, antisera against 7060 and 316
      showed strong cross-reactivity with Y. enterocolitica. In contrast, the reaction
      of antisera prepared against putatively non-arthritis-causing bacteria reacted
      several-folds less. Using immunoprecipitation, sodium dodecyl sulphate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western Blot procedures, a 92,000 MW cross
      reactive antigen on the Yersinia was identified. The antigen was present on the
      outer membranes of the Y. enterocolitica, and enzyme digestion experiments showed
      that this antigen was protein in nature.

PMID- 3884495
TI  - In memoriam Milan Hasek 1925-1984.

PMID- 3884496
TI  - The Bussey Institute and the early days of mammalian genetics.

PMID- 3884494
TI  - The human thymus microenvironment: heterogeneity detected by monoclonal anti
      epithelial cell antibodies.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were raised against human thymus stromal cells and their
      specificity for the epithelial component of thymus stroma assessed by double
      immunofluorescence using anti-keratin antibodies to identify epithelium. Our
      monoclonal antibodies identify six distinct patterns of epithelial cell antigen
      expression within the thymus: pan epithelial (antibody IP1); cortex (MR3 and
      MR6); cortical/medullary junction (IP2); subcapsule and subpopulation of medulla
      (MR10/MR14); Hassall's corpuscles and adjacent subpopulation of medulla (IP3);
      Hassall's corpuscles only (MR13/IP4). This heterogeneity of antigen expression
      suggests that many different epithelial microenvironments exist within the human
      thymus.

PMID- 3884497
TI  - The effect of H-2IJ disparity on induction of allotransplantation tolerance by
      lentil lectin.
AB  - The effect of an H-2IJ disparity on skin graft survival was studied in 18 mouse
      donor-recipient strain combinations, in which the recipients were treated with an
      efficient immunosuppressant, lentil lectin (LCA). The simultaneous I-J disparity
      essentially had no (or a slightly adverse) effect on the graft survival times in
      strain combinations differing at the K and I-A loci or in the entire H-2 complex.
      In two strain combinations incompatible at the D locus, the simultaneous I-J
      disparity promoted graft survival. The disparity at the I-J locus therefore seems
      to have only a marginal effect on the survival of allografts in most of the LCA
      treated recipients, but it may promote graft survival in some animals. A similar
      tolerance-promoting effect was also observed with D disparity.

PMID- 3884498
TI  - Construction of a model for the three-dimensional structure of human renal renin.
AB  - The aspartyl proteases that have had their complete three-dimensional structures
      determined by x-ray diffraction techniques exhibit a high degree of structural
      homology and a correspondingly high degree of sequence homology. Using this
      homology, we constructed a model for the three-dimensional structure of human
      renal renin. We then refined and evaluated the model with the energy refinement
      program called CHARMM. We found that the model for human renin differs from that
      of mouse submaxillary gland renin in certain features, which may account for the
      differences in substrate specificity and antibody binding. Amino acid differences
      between human and mouse renin in the regions that bind the P1' side chain of the
      substrate appear to change only the shape of the S1' subsite of the enzyme, so
      that either valine or leucine side chains of the substrate can be accommodated by
      human renin. Amino acids in the solvent-accessible surface of the 75-85 flap
      appear to be distinctly different between the two structures and could account
      for the differences observed in antibody binding to human and mouse renin.

PMID- 3884499
TI  - Three-dimensional structure of human renin.
AB  - A three-dimensional model of human renin has been constructed based on the
      assumption that the overall folding of the aspartyl proteases is very similar. As
      a reference, we used penicillopepsin, the structure of which has been reported at
      a resolution of 1.8 A, and its main chain was traced to build a model of renin.
      The resulting structure seems to be stable from the hydrophobic and hydrophilic
      viewpoints. Comparison of the tertiary structure of human renin with that of
      penicillopepsin and mouse renin suggests the existence of a high structural
      homology as well as differences in the molecular geometry of the active sites
      that may influence the substrate specificity. The asparagine side chains in the
      glycosidation signal of Asn-X-Thr are exposed on the surface. Moreover, the site
      in human renin that corresponds to the proteolytic cleavage site in mouse renin
      also appears to be exposed on the surface so as to be easily scissored during the
      maturation process. The insertions and deletions of amino acid residues were
      found to arise on the surface, and in some places they occurred in complementary
      manners. Models of molecular complexes between human renin and renin inhibitor
      were constructed to understand the interacting modes that indicate how new renin
      inhibitors develop. Inhibitor-binding sites were directly assigned based on the
      models of the inhibitor-enzyme complex.

PMID- 3884500
TI  - A new mechanism in one-kidney, one clip hypertension.
AB  - The renin-angiotensin system does not appear to be involved in the maintenance of
      elevated blood pressure in experimental one-kidney, one clip hypertension.
      Paradoxically, direct immunization with purified hog kidney renin lowers the
      blood pressure of rabbits with this form of hypertension. Antirenin antibodies
      were removed and the IgG fraction prepared from the plasma of such immunized
      rabbits. The antibodies thus obtained lowered the blood pressure of other
      hypertensive rabbits. The same antibodies, detected with a fluorescein-labeled
      second antibody, stained the cytoplasm of smooth muscle and certain other cells
      in sections of kidney, aorta, carotid artery, heart, liver, pancreas, adrenal
      gland, and small intestine from normal and hypertensive rabbits. We suggest that
      renin is converted into a form that is present most conspicuously in arterial and
      arteriolar smooth muscle. Its function in this location is unknown but must
      involve vasoconstriction as its neutralization by specific antibody lowers the
      blood pressure of one-kidney, one clip hypertensive rabbits.

PMID- 3884501
TI  - Treatment of patients with mild hypertension.

PMID- 3884503
TI  - Does renin determine the blood pressure response to calcium entry blockers?
AB  - Male Wistar rats with one-kidney, one clip renal hypertension were maintained on
      either a regular or a low salt diet for 3 weeks after clipping. At that time mean
      blood pressure in the unanesthetized rats was equally elevated in sodium-depleted
      (n = 17) and in sodium-replete rats (n = 19), but plasma renin activity was
      significantly higher in the former (p less than 0.05). Infusion of the calcium
      entry blocker verapamil at a rate of 0.05 mg/kg/minute decreased blood pressure
      within 60 minutes to a similar extent in rats kept on a salt-deficient diet and
      in rats fed a regular salt diet. In all rats taken as a group, there was a close,
      direct correlation (r = 0.87, p less than 0.001) between the magnitude of the
      blood pressure response to verapamil and the pretreatment blood pressure levels.
      Verapamil markedly accelerated heart rate and stimulated renin release in all
      rats. In additional groups of sodium-depleted (n = 8) and sodium-replete renal
      hypertensive rats (n = 7), nifedipine administration (4 micrograms/kg/min i.v.)
      within a 45-minute observation period caused a blood pressure fall (p less than
      0.001) and heart rate acceleration (p less than 0.001) that were comparable in
      both groups. These findings suggest that in the rat with renal hypertension the
      short-term blood pressure response to the calcium antagonists verapamil and
      nifedipine is not influenced by the state of sodium balance and plasma renin
      activity. In this experimental model of hypertension, the magnitude of the blood
      pressure lowering effect of calcium entry blockers appears to be proportional to
      pretreatment blood pressure levels.

PMID- 3884502
TI  - Postprandial hyperinsulinemia in patients with mild essential hypertension.
AB  - Glucose tolerance tests and diurnal profiles of glucose, insulin, free fatty
      acids, serum triglycerides, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels
      were performed in 8 male patients with mild essential hypertension as well as in
      20 normotensive subjects. Although glucose tolerance and postprandial glucose
      levels appeared equal in both groups, the insulin response after a glucose load
      and after each meal was significantly increased in hypertensive subjects as
      compared with the controls (p less than 0.01). The levels of free fatty acids
      were higher in the postabsorptive phase of patients with hypertension in
      comparison to normotensive subjects, but decreased markedly when plasma insulin
      levels rose after meals. In both subject groups serum triglyceride levels showed
      the typical postprandial increase. Total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
      levels showed neither diurnal variations nor differences between hypertensive
      subjects and normotensive controls. Postprandial hyperinsulinemia in patients
      with mild essential hypertension possibly may provoke lipid accumulation in the
      arterial wall and therefore may be a relevant risk factor for atherosclerosis in
      these subjects.

PMID- 3884504
TI  - Application of immunochemical methods to the identification and characterization
      of rat kidney inactive renin.
AB  - Identification of inactive prorenin in the kidney has been difficult due to rapid
      proteolytic conversion of the inactive zymogen to its active form in the tissue
      or during homogenization and purification. Immunochemical methods, Western
      blotting, direct radioimmunoassay, and immunoaffinity chromatography were used to
      isolate and identify rat kidney renin and prorenin and to determine their
      molecular weights without complete purification. Antisera to pure rat renin were
      raised in rabbits. A specific reaction between the antisera and rat renin was
      demonstrated by double immunodiffusion, inhibition of enzyme activity, and
      competitive radioimmunoassay. The anti-rat renin IgG did not cross-react with
      purified human renin or rat spleen or kidney cathepsin D. The IgG showed binding
      affinity to both inactive renin as well as active enzyme. A combination of
      affinity chromatographies consisting of pepstatin-Sepharose, IgG-Sepharose, and
      Affi-Gel Blue permitted rapid and complete separation of inactive renin from
      active renin in rat kidney extract. Neither inactive nor active renin
      preparations exhibited aspartyl protease activity on hemoglobin used as
      substrate. The apparent molecular weight of inactive renin was estimated as
      50,000 by gel filtration. Electrophoresis of partially purified inactive renin in
      sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel followed by transblotting of
      proteins to a nitrocellulose sheet and immunochemical staining with anti-renin
      IgG showed a single protein band with a molecular weight of 48,000. Activation of
      inactive renin by trypsin was accompanied by the reduction of the 48,000-dalton
      native protein to a 39,000-dalton protein as determined by the SDS polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis and the transblotting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3884505
TI  - Cyclic development of immunological memory to bacterial lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - Immunological memory to the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O113 was
      generated in strains of inbred mice given a single subimmunogenic dose of either
      E. coli O113 lipopolysaccharide or the native protoplasmic polysaccharide of E.
      coli O113. Such memory, which only involved antibody of the immunoglobulin M
      class, developed in a cyclic manner that was characteristic for the strain of
      mice used. It involved cell proliferation as well as differentiation and
      persisted for at least 25 days after priming with a single injection of a
      subimmunogenic dose of E. coli O113 lipopolysaccharide.

PMID- 3884506
TI  - Plaque formation by virulent Shigella flexneri.
AB  - An in vitro tissue culture plaque assay was developed to investigate the
      intracellular replication and intercellular spread of virulent shigellae.
      Shigella plaques were formed in HeLa cell monolayers in the presence of an
      agarose overlay containing tissue culture medium and gentamicin, which eliminated
      extracellular bacterial growth. Microscopically, the plaques were characterized
      by a central area of dead host cells surrounded by cells infected with shigellae.
      Cells further away from the plaque center were uninfected. Inclusion of
      chloramphenicol or nalidixic acid in the overlay completely abolished plaque
      formation. Plaque formation was completely inhibited when infected monolayers
      were shifted from 37 to 30 degrees C. Shifting infected monolayers from 30
      degrees C, where plaques do not form, to 37 degrees C resulted in the formation
      of plaques. Cultures of Shigella boydii, Shigella sonnei (form I), and all six
      serotypes of Shigella flexneri produced plaques. Shigellae isolated from plaques
      were Sereny test positive, contained a 140-megadalton plasmid, and were
      gentamicin sensitive. Noninvasive shigellae did not form plaques.

PMID- 3884507
TI  - Loss of virulence in a protease-deficient mutant of Aeromonas salmonicida.
AB  - The importance of extracellular protease production by Aeromonas salmonicida, the
      bacterial pathogen of fish furunculosis, was investigated with four virulent
      strains (which were autoagglutinative, hemagglutinative, resistant to fish serum,
      adhesive to fish tissue culture, protease positive, hemolysin positive, and
      leukocytolysin positive) and three avirulent strains (which were
      nonagglutinative, nonhemagglutinative, sensitive to serum, nonadhesive, protease
      positive, hemolysin positive, and leukocytolysin positive). A protease-deficient
      mutant (NTG-1) was induced by mutagenesis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine from virulent strain A-7301, showing protease production, which
      was common to the two strain groups. Strain NTG-1 showed loss of virulence in
      determinations of 50% lethal doses, although it remained autoagglutinative,
      hemagglutinative, serum resistant, adhesive, hemolysin positive, and
      leukocytolysin positive. A protease fraction separated from extracellular
      products of strain A-7301 by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography had the
      capacity to produce skin lesions (furuncles) and high mortality in sockeye
      salmon. A comparable protein fraction from extracellular products of NTG-1
      resulted in no protease activity and no pathological effects on the fish. The
      avirulent strains were eliminated from rainbow trout in a short time, whereas the
      virulent strains (including A-7301) were highly infective and proliferated in
      hosts. NTG-1 preserved its infectivity, but fish showed no signs of disease and
      no mortality. These findings indicate that extracellular protease is a major
      virulence factor and that protease production in the host is closely implicated
      in the pathogenesis of fish furunculosis.

PMID- 3884508
TI  - Cloning the gene for Congo red binding in Shigella flexneri.
AB  - The ability to bind the dye Congo red from agar medium is associated with
      virulence of Shigella species. DNA sequences conferring this property have been
      cloned from a large, 140-kilobase plasmid of Shigella flexneri into a plasmid
      vector. This recombinant plasmid does not fully restore virulence to S. flexneri
      isolates which have lost the large plasmid. This indicates that other genes
      present on the 140-kilobase plasmid must also be required for virulence of S.
      flexneri. The cloned fragment contains a copy of the insertion sequence IS1
      closely linked to the gene for Congo red binding.

PMID- 3884509
TI  - Effect of streptomycin administration on colonization resistance to Salmonella
      typhimurium in mice.
AB  - The addition of 5 mg of streptomycin sulfate per ml to the drinking water of
      Swiss white mice resulted in a 100,000-fold reduction in the 50% implantation
      dose of streptomycin-resistant Salmonella typhimurium for the animals. When
      streptomycin-treated and untreated mice were challenged orogastrically with 10(3)
      viable S. typhimurium organisms, 100% of the treated and none of the untreated
      mice excreted the pathogen in their feces. Similarly, translocation of S.
      typhimurium from the intestinal tract to the liver, spleen, and mesentery
      occurred in 10 of 10 treated mice but in none of the untreated mice 7 days after
      challenge with 10(3) CFU. Studies of colonization dynamics showed that S.
      typhimurium was present at high population levels in the intestines of
      streptomycin-treated mice and in detectable levels in the liver, spleen, and
      mesentery within 72 h after challenge with 10(3), 10(5), or 10(8) organisms. In
      untreated mice challenged with either 10(3) or 10(5) S. typhimurium organisms,
      the organisms were isolated from ileal and cecal tissues but not from ileal or
      cecal contents or from extraintestinal tissue 72 h after challenge. When
      untreated mice were challenged with 10(8) organisms, however, S. typhimurium was
      present in all organs and in intestinal contents. Streptomycin treatment,
      therefore, facilitated colonization and development of streptomycin-resistant S.
      typhimurium populations in intestines of mice and the subsequent translocation of
      the organisms from the intestinal tract to other tissues.

PMID- 3884510
TI  - Cloning and genetic analysis of serotype 5 M protein determinant of group A
      streptococci: evidence for multiple copies of the M5 determinant in the
      Streptococcus pyogenes genome.
AB  - A gene bank of group A Streptococcus strain Manfredo (M protein serotype 5) was
      constructed with a bacteriophage lambda vector-Escherichia coli K-12 host system
      and screened by immunoblotting hybrid phage plaques with antisera raised to
      purified pep M5 (serotype 5 M protein fragment released from the streptococcal
      cell surface by pepsin). Hybrid phage expressing M5 antigen (lambda M5) were
      detected in the gene bank at an unexpectedly high frequency. The cloned
      streptococcal DNA sequences from one lambda M5 phage were subcloned into an E.
      coli plasmid vector. The M5 gene (smp5) was mapped, and its transcriptional
      orientation was determined by isolating and characterizing deletion and
      transposon insertion mutants of the M5+ hybrid plasmid pMK207. This analysis
      indicated that the intact smp5 gene had been cloned. Anti-pep M5 sera reacted
      with five pMK207-encoded polypeptides having relative molecular sizes of 64,000,
      56,000, 55,500, 52,500, and 50,000. All of these polypeptides were encoded by the
      same DNA sequences, and all reacted with antisera raised to a synthetic peptide
      corresponding to the amino-terminal end of pep M5, suggesting that proteolytic
      cleavage at the carboxy-terminal end of the smp5 gene product generates at least
      some of the lower relative molecular size forms. Southern blotting experiments
      with smp5 gene sequences as probes identified multiple copies of DNA sequences
      sharing homology with the smp5 gene in the type 5 group A streptococcal genome.

PMID- 3884511
TI  - Transfer of the virulence plasmid of Yersinia pestis to Yersinia
      pseudotuberculosis.
AB  - Transposon Tn5 insertion derivatives of the virulence plasmid pYV019 of Yersinia
      pestis were transferred by P1 transduction into a plasmid-free strain of Y.
      pseudotuberculosis. One of these plasmid derivatives conferred virulence upon the
      Y. pseudotuberculosis strain. This strain had the ability to express temperature
      inducible plasmid-coded outer membrane proteins and was also found to be Ca2+
      dependent.

PMID- 3884512
TI  - Role of fibronectin in attachment of Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli
      to human cell lines and isolated oral epithelial cells.
AB  - We studied the binding of cells of Streptococcus pyogenes and mannose-sensitive
      Escherichia coli to human fibroblast cell lines and isolated buccal epithelial
      cells in relation to the cell-associated endogenous or exogenous fibronectin of
      the host cells. The degree of bacterial binding to cell lines correlated directly
      with the content of endogenous fibronectin on the surface of the cultured cells,
      although the correlation was better with S. pyogenes than with E. coli. The
      addition of exogenous plasma fibronectin to the cell lines or oral epithelial
      cells enhanced binding of S. pyogenes but suppressed binding of mannose-sensitive
      E. coli. These findings are consistent with the notion that exogenously acquired
      fibronectin on the surface of host cells modulates bacterial adherence by
      providing attachment sites for certain pathogens, such as S. pyogenes, and by
      blocking receptors for others, such as mannose-sensitive E. coli.

PMID- 3884514
TI  - Clinical experience with Fluosol-DA (20%) in the United States.

PMID- 3884513
TI  - Nucleotide sequence comparison between heat-labile toxin B-subunit cistrons from
      Escherichia coli of human and porcine origin.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the LT-BH cistron (eltBH) from an enterotoxigenic
      Escherichia coli strain infectious for humans was determined and compared with
      the LT-B cistron sequence from a porcine E. coli isolate. Both cistrons were
      shown to comprise 375 nucleotide base pairs, and discrepancies were detected at
      eight positions. Of the nonhomologous base pairs, six resulted in codon changes
      that would lead to amino acid variations. The nucleotide sequence distal to both
      LT-B cistrons was also determined, and only three differences were detected in
      197 base pairs. An HhaI site unique to eltBH was shown to be present in all the
      heat-labile (LT) genes from 31 human isolates surveyed, whereas the restriction
      enzyme recognition site was absent in the gene from 46 porcine E. coli isolates.
      The results suggest that two genetically discernable LT groups are identifiable
      and that the groups are also distinguishable by the isolation source (human or
      porcine) of the infecting E. coli strains.

PMID- 3884515
TI  - Perfluorochemical emulsions: potential clinical uses and new developments.

PMID- 3884516
TI  - Different mechanisms of macrophage activation with guinea pig macrophage
      activation factor, lipopolysaccharide and muramyl dipeptide.
AB  - The mechanism of macrophage activation was studied using three activating
      substances, guinea pig macrophage activation factor (MAF), lipopolysaccharide
      (LPS) and muramyl dipeptide (MDP). Guinea pig peritoneal exudate macrophages were
      activated to exhibit the accelerated glucose consumption in response to these
      activating substances. Calmodulin-specific inhibitors, trifluoperazine and No.
      233, inhibited macrophage activation with MAF and LPS, while these inhibitors did
      not affect the activation with MDP. Ca2+ uptake into macrophages was enhanced in
      MAF-treated macrophages, but LPS and MDP did not affect the Ca2+ uptake.
      Methylamine and ethylamine, inhibitors of transglutaminase-dependent protein
      internalization into cells and/or of lysosomal enzymes, effectively inhibited the
      activating effect of LPS, but not those of MAF and MDP. These results suggest
      that Ca2+ and calmodulin play a role in macrophage activation with MAF, and
      neither transglutaminase-dependent internalization nor lysosomal enzymes
      participate in the activation process. In case of LPS, internalization into cells
      would be necessary for its activating effect. The processing of the contrary,
      since the activating effect of MDP was not affected by any of these inhibitors,
      the mechanism of activation with MDP remains obscure. Thus, the mechanisms of
      macrophage activation with MAF, LPS and MDP appear to be different from each
      other.

PMID- 3884517
TI  - Enhancement of immune responses in tumor-bearing mice after administration of cis
      diamino-dichloro-platinum (II).
AB  - Following the intraperitoneal injection of cis-diamino-dichloro-platinum (II)
      (CDDP) into tumor-bearing mice, two immune responses were augmented. The total
      splenic plaque-forming cells response to sheep red blood cells and the delayed
      type hypersensitivity reaction to oxazolone were higher in treated animals than
      in the control groups. This observation may be relevant in the establishment of
      clinical protocols associating CDDP and other cytotoxic drugs.

PMID- 3884518
TI  - Immune response to pneumococcal vaccine in mothers to infants with group B
      streptococcal septicemia: evidence for a divergent IgG/IgM ratio.
AB  - Eight women who had given birth to infants contracting neonatal septicemia with
      group B streptococci (GBS) were immunized with a 14-valent pneumococcal vaccine
      (Pneumovax). Type-specific IgM and IgG antibodies against 6 pneumococcal types
      were determined before and after vaccination. Ten healthy age-matched women were
      also vaccinated and served as controls. The study group showed significantly
      higher preimmune IgM levels against 3 of the 6 pneumococcal antigens, and lower
      IgG levels against 1 antigen. However, 6 weeks as well as 11/2 years after the
      immunization, no significant differences in IgG or IgM antibody levels could be
      demonstrated between the 2 groups. Before vaccination, significantly more study
      group women showed an arbitrary IgG/IgM ratio below 10 against pneumococcal types
      1, 6A, 7F, 14 and 23F. 11/2 years after vaccination, the ratio was significantly
      lower for antibodies against 2 other types, 6A and 7F. We suggest, as a working
      hypothesis, that mothers of GBS-infected infants differ in their capacity to
      switch from IgM to IgG production.

PMID- 3884519
TI  - Problems and challenges in the use of immunomodulating agents. A general
      introduction.

PMID- 3884520
TI  - The neutrophil.

PMID- 3884521
TI  - Cellular biology of pulmonary macrophages.

PMID- 3884522
TI  - Whole-body X-irradiation of mice accelerates polyploidization of hepatocytes.
AB  - Male C57BL/6 mice were whole-body irradiated with 4.75 Gy of X-rays at the age of
      2 months and killed at 2, 6, 12 and 19 months after irradiation. The percentage
      survival began to decline earlier and faster in the irradiated group than the
      controls up to 19 months after exposure when the study was terminated. The
      nuclear DNA content of individual hepatocytes was measured by a Feulgen-DNA
      microfluorometric method, and hepatocytes were classified into various ploidy
      classes. In the irradiated mice, the degree of polyploidization was significantly
      higher than the controls by 2 months after exposure and steadily increased up to
      6 months after exposure. Thereafter, however, a slow return to the control level
      was found up to 19 months after irradiation. These results appear to support a
      hypothesis that radiation accelerates the ageing process as judged from
      hepatocyte polyploidization.

PMID- 3884523
TI  - Directional preferences in perception of visual stimuli.
AB  - The present paper reviews a series of studies regarding the effects of
      hemispheric asymmetry and reading and writing habits on directional preferences
      in reproducing horizontally-displayed visual stimuli. Hebrew readers, English
      readers, and Arabic readers were presented with arrays of horizontally-displayed
      directional and nondirectional stimuli, as well as with single stimuli. They were
      asked to reproduce the stimuli, and the direction of their reproduction, left
      right or right-left, was recorded for analysis. Generally, in reproducing arrays
      of stimuli, English readers showed left-right directionality, whereas Hebrew
      readers showed right-left directionality. But in reproducing arrays of English
      and Hebrew letters, subjects of both groups showed left-right and right-left
      preferences, respectively. However, the right-left directional preferences shown
      by Hebrew readers were weaker than the left-right preferences shown by English
      readers. It was hypothesized that these differences are due to differential
      reading and writing habits acquired in school by English- and Hebrew-readers. In
      support of the reading and writing habit hypothesis, it was subsequently found
      that: (a) Arabic readers, who have stronger right-left reading and writing habits
      than Hebrew readers, show relatively stronger right-left directional preferences,
      and (b) with the introduction of English as a foreign language in the fifth
      grade, children show an increase in left-right directionality. Further
      investigation showed that, depending on the experimental conditions, directional
      preferences may be a function of either reading and writing habits, or
      hemispheric asymmetry, or both. Finally, the bearing of these findings on the
      "nature-nurture" controversy regarding the development of perceptual exploration
      in children is discussed.

PMID- 3884524
TI  - The history of clinical neuropsychology: the role of some American pioneers.

PMID- 3884525
TI  - The influence of Hans-Lukas Teuber and the psychophysiological laboratory on the
      establishment and development of neuropsychology.

PMID- 3884526
TI  - The contributions of Ward Halstead, Ralph Reitan and their associates.

PMID- 3884527
TI  - The Iowa Group.

PMID- 3884528
TI  - Aphasiology in the United States.

PMID- 3884529
TI  - [Molecular biology and virus research].

PMID- 3884530
TI  - [Problems of virus disinfection].

PMID- 3884531
TI  - [Epidemiology of influenza since 1968].

PMID- 3884532
TI  - [Molecular biology of influenza and its significance for the development of new
      vaccines].

PMID- 3884533
TI  - [Molecular biology of paramyxoviruses and its significance for the development of
      vaccines].

PMID- 3884534
TI  - Selecting, accelerating and suppressing interactions between macrophages and
      tumor cells.
AB  - Studies were carried out to test whether thioglycollate-induced macrophages (T-PM
      phi) exert a selective effect on 3LL tumor cells. One million 3LL tumor cells and
      10 X 10(6) thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages were admixed and
      inoculated subcutaneously in C57BL/6 mice. This procedure was repeated for a
      series of 6-15 consecutive transplant generations. After 6 generations, the tumor
      cells which were selected in this manner (3LLR6) grew faster in vivo and in vitro
      when admixed with T-PM phi than 3LL cells which were not selected by T-PM phi.
      However, in vivo, this T-PM phi-mediated acceleration of 3LLR6 tumor growth was
      followed by tumor rejection and induction of anti-3LL immunity. Intravenous
      inoculation of T-PM phi enhanced the growth of pulmonary metastases in mice
      subsequently inoculated intravenously with 3LL cells. Such T-PM phi-mediated
      augmentation of metastases was not observed with 3LLR6 cells. Homing of 3LL and
      3LLR6 cells to the lungs after pretreatment with T-PM phi was similar, indicating
      that these cells did not differ in their capacity to colonize the lungs but
      rather in subsequent tumor growth. Additional transplantations of 3LLR6 cells
      with T-PM phi led, after 9 further transplant generations, to a different tumor
      cell, 3LLR15, with completely new morphological, tumorigenic and metastatic
      properties. Unlike the 3LLR6 cells, this variant was not sensitive to the growth
      promoting effects of T-PM phi. Furthermore, it expressed the H-2K-and H-2D
      encoded antigens of the H-2b haplotype, whereas the 3LL and 3LLR6 cells expressed
      only the H-2D alloantigens. This indicates that macrophages may either exert a
      selective effect on tumor cells or play a role in the induction of new tumor
      cells.

PMID- 3884535
TI  - Fate of intravenously injected human tumor cells in the lung of nude mice
      following whole-body X-irradiation.
AB  - X-irradiation administered to nude mice and the ensuing pulmonary metastasis of
      injected human tumor cells were investigated. When human tumor cells (5 X 10(5))
      were injected into the tail vein of male adult nude mice 5 days after 3 Gy whole
      body X-irradiation, the incidence of pulmonary metastasis was more frequent in
      the irradiated mice than in the nonirradiated controls. Platelet aggregation and
      fibrin deposition around the tumor cells were present in the capillaries of the
      lung in the irradiated mice while prominent neutrophilic infiltration was noted
      around the tumor cells in the nonirradiated controls. Fibrinolytic activity of
      the lung was decreased in the irradiated mice, while serum fibrinogen level was
      increased after irradiation. Natural killer cell activity was decreased after
      irradiation. We conclude from this study that increase in serum fibrinogen levels
      and decrease in fibrinolytic activity of the lung, as a target organ, together
      with decreased infiltration of neutrophils, may be related to the trapping and
      lodgement of tumor cells when nude mice are subjected to irradiation.

PMID- 3884536
TI  - On presentation of the Friedenwald Award of the Association for Research in
      Vision and Ophthalmology to Anders Bill.

PMID- 3884537
TI  - Transplant of corneal epithelium to rabbit corneal wounds in vivo.
AB  - Sheets of corneal epithelium removed from 9-mm buttons of adult rabbit corneas
      using Dispase II were placed on abraded (basement membrane intact) or
      keratectomized corneas of anesthetized rabbits. Both types of wounds extended
      from limbus to limbus. The host animals were maintained under deep anesthesia for
      3 hr, during which time culture medium was dripped onto the surface of the
      transplant. A soft contact lens then was placed over the cornea and the eye
      bandaged shut. Short-term experiments indicated that after 24 hr the transplanted
      epithelium was adherent to both abraded and keratectomized corneas (n = 4).
      Hemidesmosomes had formed between basal cells of donor epithelium and denuded
      host basement membrane, and cytoplasmic blebs had extended from donor epithelium
      into host keratectomized stroma. Seven transplants to abraded corneas and 17
      transplants to keratectomized corneas were followed for longer time periods. Six
      of the seven transplants to abraded corneas were maintained until termination of
      the experiment (four at 4 weeks, one at 2 weeks, one at 1 week). Three of the 17
      transplants to keratectomized corneas were maintained until termination (one at 4
      weeks, one at 2 weeks, and one at 6 days). The remaining 14 sloughed between days
      2 and 6. These data indicate that it is feasible to transplant corneal epithelial
      sheets and that they can be maintained most successfully if the host basement
      membrane is present.

PMID- 3884538
TI  - Effects of fibroblastic and endothelial extracellular matrices on corneal
      endothelial cells.
AB  - Extracellular matrices (ECM) isolated from chick embryo fibroblast and human and
      rabbit corneal stromal cells induce polarization and elongation of corneal
      endothelial cells in culture. ECM isolated from rabbit corneal or bovine aortic
      endothelial cells neither polarize nor elongate corneal endothelial cells in
      culture. By indirect immunofluorescence, fibronectin is seen as arrays of long
      fibers in fibroblastic ECM, whereas in endothelial ECM, fibronectin is found in
      discreet foci as short fibers. The morphology corneal endothelial cells in
      culture is associated with the structure of the ECM laid down; short fibers in
      clusters associated with a typical polygonal shape, long polarized fibers
      inducing a fibroblastic-like appearance. ECM isolated from both fibroblastic or
      endothelial sources promote cell growth. Since coating the plastic with plasma
      fibronectin or denatured collagen does not promote endothelial cell growth, the
      authors assume the polymerized fibronectin network or a component bound to this
      network enhances the growth of corneal endothelial cells cultured in the presence
      of serum.

PMID- 3884540
TI  - S-antigen in the developing retina and pineal gland: a monoclonal antibody study.
AB  - Spleen cells of BALB/c mice, previously immunized with bovine retinal S-antigen,
      were fused with Sp2/0-Ag14 mouse myeloma cells. Two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs)
      MAbA9-C6 (IgG2a isotype) and MAbA1-G5 (IgG1 isotype) were selected on the basis
      of reactivity in an ELISA and immunofluorescent assay. In radioimmunoassay MAbA9
      C6 and MAbA1-G5 do not compete and appear to define unrelated epitopes of S
      antigen. Both MAbs reacted in the ELISA assay, whereas only MAbA9-C6 bound to S
      antigen in fixed tissue sections. Because MAbA9-C6 was useful for
      immunocytochemistry, it was studied in more detail. MAbA9-C6 bound to all
      vertebrate retinas tested including human, bovine, guinea pig, and mice. The
      immunoreactivity of MAbA9-C6 also was studied in the developing rat retina and
      pineal gland. In the morphologically undifferentiated retina, assessed by
      conventional light microscopy, there was an incomplete separation of the outer
      neuroblastic cells. However, in the same retina a distinct zone, corresponding to
      S-antigen immunoreactivity, was present indicating antigenic differentiation with
      regard to S-antigen at this stage of retinal development. In the pineal gland, S
      antigen immunoreactivity was first observed in the three day old rat and at all
      stages examined thereafter. The usefulness of these two MAbs in the study of the
      embryologic development of the retina and of the antigenic epitopes of S-antigen
      is discussed.

PMID- 3884539
TI  - A model for acoustic characterization of intraocular tumors.
AB  - Human intraocular tumors and tumors derived from human tumor cell lines grown
      subcutaneously in the athymic nude mouse were scanned by diagnostic ultrasound.
      Radiofrequency scan data were converted to digital form and analyzed in the
      frequency domain. Characteristics of normalized power spectra were found to be
      significantly different among human spindle cell malignant melanomas,
      mixed/epithelioid malignant melanomas, metastatic carcinomas, and hemangiomas.
      Significant differences, as well, were found between implanted primary skin
      malignant melanomas and adenocarcinomas of the lung, colon, and stomach.
      Comparison of spectral properties of human intraocular and implanted tumors
      revealed that human spindle cell malignant melanomas and implanted melanomas
      exhibit similar characteristics. Human intraocular metastatic tumors from the
      lung were found to exhibit characteristics similar to those of implanted lung
      tumors. These results indicate that the implantation of human tumor cell lines in
      the nude mouse may provide a very useful model for application of diagnostic and
      therapeutic ultrasound modalities to human intraocular tumors.

PMID- 3884541
TI  - Immunology of corneal allograft rejection: HLA-DR antigens on human corneal
      cells.
AB  - Human stromal and endothelial cultures were established from corneas obtained
      from the Maryland Eye Bank. Cultures were incubated in the presence of human
      gamma interferon for 4 days, trypsinized, washed, and then stained with a
      monoclonal reagent specific for human Class II (HLA-DR) antigens. Under these
      conditions, 100% of human corneal endothelial cells and 40 to 70% human corneal
      stromal cells expressed HLA-DR antigens.

PMID- 3884542
TI  - Importance of the noncorneal absorption route in topical ophthalmic drug
      delivery.
AB  - Transcorneal permeation has traditionally been the mechanism by which topically
      applied ophthalmic drugs are believed to gain access to the internal ocular
      structures. Relatively little attention has been given to alternate routes by
      which drugs may enter the eye. A system has been developed which allowed the
      investigation in vivo of the contribution of noncorneal absorption to intraocular
      drug levels after topical dosing. Using timolol and inulin as probe drugs, it was
      shown that the noncorneal absorption route may contribute significantly to drug
      penetration into intraocular tissues. Furthermore, results demonstrated that
      drugs absorbed by the noncorneal route appeared to enter certain intraocular
      tissues by a mechanism which bypasses the anterior chamber. These studies
      suggested that intraocular penetration via noncorneal routes involves penetration
      of drug across the conjunctiva/sclera. Neither reentry from the general
      circulation after drug absorption into the blood or drug delivery by the local
      vasculature accounted for the observed results. In terms of topical ophthalmic
      drug delivery, the noncorneal absorption route may be important for drugs that
      are poorly absorbed across the cornea due to their physical-chemical properties.
      We have demonstrated this using inulin as a model for a poorly absorbed, high
      molecular weight substance.

PMID- 3884543
TI  - Experimental guinea pig ocular infection by Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - The clinical, microbiologic, and cytologic features of the guinea pig model of
      keratoconjunctivitis with enterobacteria, Salmonella typhimurium were elucidated.
      Guinea pig eyes were instilled with S. typhimurium and the eyes were studied by
      biomicroscopy, culture, cytology, pathology, and electron microscopy. All animals
      developed moderate to severe conjunctivitis that was present in 18% of the
      animals on day 1. It became more intense, appearing in all of the eyes on day 10
      and disappeared before day 30. The cultures for S. typhimurium were almost all
      positive on days 1 and 2, declined steadily to 10% on day 10, and were negative
      after that. A coarse, epithelial punctate keratitis was present in more than 90%
      of the infected eyes at some time during the experiment. The keratitis had a
      biphasic clinical course. The first peak correlated with the maximum culture
      results, but during the second peak only 10% of the cultures were positive.
      Electron microscopy of the cornea showed the S. typhimurium at the epithelial
      surface within surface epithelial cells during the early phases of infection. The
      later phase keratitis, with negative culture results, resembles the keratitis of
      Reiter's syndrome.

PMID- 3884544
TI  - Influence of cardiac function on the quality of intravenous digital subtraction
      arteriograms.
AB  - In a retrospective comparison between 22 pairs of matched intravenous digital
      subtraction angiogram (DSA) images, five angiographers made independent
      determinations as to which one of each pair was superior in image quality (110
      image comparisons). Matched pairs were identical for anatomic region filmed,
      catheter position during injection, amount of contrast material injected,
      injection rate, and iodine concentration of the contrast material. Each pair
      consisted of images from one patient with a normal (less than 1 S.D. above the
      mean) sodium dehydrocholate circulation time and images from one patient with a
      prolonged (greater than 1 S.D. above the mean) circulation time. In 85 of the 110
      instances (77.3%) an image judged superior in quality to its matched counterpart
      derived from a DSA exam in a patient with normal circulation time; images from
      the exam with prolonged circulation time were judged equal in quality to the ones
      with the normal circulation time in 14 comparisons (12.3%); in 11 comparisons
      (10%) the images from the DSA with the prolonged circulation time were judged
      superior to the ones from the DSA with the normal circulation time. These results
      show that with statistically significant frequency (P less than 0.001) observers
      judge intravenous DSA images deriving from patients with normal circulation times
      superior in quality to those deriving from patients with prolonged circulation
      times.

PMID- 3884545
TI  - Quantitative digital fluorography. Computer vs. human estimation of vascular
      stenoses.
AB  - Digital subtracted images of iodinated rods, incorporating accurately measured
      areas of eccentric stenosis were obtained. The average subjective estimations of
      fractional area reduction (211 readings each) by three experienced angiographers
      were compared with values obtained using an interactive computer algorithm using
      the densitometric data. Results were analyzed to identify major influences on
      accuracy, including iodine concentration, vessel width, absolute severity of the
      stenosis, and vessel orientation. While no single factor appeared to seriously
      affect human accuracy, computer readings were significantly influenced by the
      tilt of the vessel in relation to the x-ray beam. Various potential sources of
      error including beam hardening, stenosis geometry, and scattering are discussed
      and appropriate algorithm corrections suggested. The importance of the
      availability of a reliable and accurate method to quantify vascular stenosis and
      volume of stenotic material is stressed.

PMID- 3884546
TI  - The diaphragmatic echo complex: an in vitro study.
AB  - The brightly echogenic appearance of the diaphragm on routine clinical scans is
      not easily reconciled with the well-documented echo-poor appearance of muscle
      elsewhere in the body. A series of specimens of normal human diaphragm freshly
      excised at autopsy were suspended in a water bath. Articulated arm scans were
      done varying the angle of the incident beam to the specimen by 5-degree
      increments and recording the maximum attenuation which allowed visualization (ie,
      an extinction point). This was accomplished for intact diaphragm, peritoneal
      membrane alone, and diaphragmatic muscle alone with both membranes stripped. The
      bright specular echoes seen are due almost exclusively to the membranes (parietal
      pleura and peritoneum) and the diaphragmatic muscle itself produces only low
      level scattered echoes as elsewhere. However, these scattered echoes account for
      persistent visualization of the diaphragm at steep angles of the incident beam. A
      considerable portion of the in vivo thickness of the diaphragmatic echo complex
      is, therefore, produced by diaphragm-lung interface.

PMID- 3884547
TI  - The radiologic diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. The effect of new imaging
      techniques.
AB  - The objective of this study was to evaluate how the introduction of radiologic
      studies affected the diagnostic workup for pancreatic cancer, from 1955 through
      1979. For 961 patients diagnosed as having pancreatic cancer at three teaching
      hospitals, we reviewed medical records, autopsy reports, and death certificates
      for results from all radiologic studies, surgical and pathologic procedures, and
      for the final diagnosis. The number of radiologic studies per patient increased
      as new studies were introduced; 1.6 for 1955-1959, 3.5 for 1975-1979 (P less than
      0.0001). Depending on the cutoff level chosen, the sensitivity of the overall
      radiologic diagnosis increased over time, 0.17-0.43 for 1955-1959, to 0.54-0.78
      for 1975-1979; CT, US, and ERCP accounted for much of the increase. As newer
      radiologic studies are introduced, continued use of previously accepted studies
      should be carefully evaluated.

PMID- 3884549
TI  - Should the criteria for species distinction in adenoviruses be reconsidered?
      Evidence from canine adenoviruses 1 and 2.
AB  - Four strains of canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) and two strains of canine
      adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) were examined by restriction enzyme analysis. In all
      cases, CAV-1 could be readily differentiated from CAV-2. Additionally, monoclonal
      antibodies were prepared against the Mirandola and Manhattan strains of CAV-1 and
      CAV-2, respectively. 18 of 36 monoclonal antibodies from the CAV-1 fusion and 77
      of 160 monoclonal antibodies from the CAV-2 fusion were type-specific by an
      indirect fluorescent-antibody technique. Moreover, among those type-specific
      monoclonal antibodies, 13 of the 18 CAV-1 antibodies and 39 of the 77 CAV-2
      antibodies specifically neutralized only the homologous virus in vitro. These
      data, along with other evidence from the literature, suggest that not only should
      CAV-1 and CAV-2 be recognized as distinct species in the genus mastadenovirus of
      the family Adenoviridae, but also that the major criterion of species distinction
      in that family, namely neutralization, should be reconsidered.

PMID- 3884548
TI  - Correlation of sonographic patterns in liver metastases with histology and
      microangiography.
AB  - Thirty-three livers with microscopic metastatic involvement were studied at
      autopsy by high resolution real time ultrasound at 7.5 and 10 MHz. Eighteen
      lesions with different sonographic appearances were selected for further
      microangiographic and histologic analysis. Tumor vascularity was assessed on
      microangiography. The anatomic pathologic study included both the evaluation of
      the microscopic and histologic appearances.

PMID- 3884550
TI  - Conservative approach in treating acute renal carbuncle.
AB  - During the years 1980-82 seven patients with renal carbuncles successfully
      underwent conservative treatment with antibiotics alone. Early diagnosis was made
      using excretory urography and nephrotomography, ultrasound and computerized
      tomography scan. Follow-up studies showed a normal kidney in six of the seven
      patients. One patient had a clinical remission, but ultrasound follow-up showed a
      small area in the right kidney with a few low-level echoes, representing focal
      scarring.

PMID- 3884551
TI  - Baby Fae: the "anything goes" school of human experimentation.

PMID- 3884552
TI  - The subject is Baby Fae.

PMID- 3884553
TI  - Toxicology of 85Kr: effects of whole-body immersion exposure on newborn rats.
AB  - Newborn rats exposed to 85Kr exhibited acute radiation effects, e.g. epilation,
      skin scaling and abnormal development of the extremities, at beta immersion doses
      in excess of 1000 rad to the skin surface. The incidence of skin tumors,
      principally basal-cell carcinomas, was increased at all dose levels over the
      range from 1000 to 4750 rad. The effective skin-surface dose to induce basal-cell
      carcinoma in the newborn Wistar rat is apparently less than 1000 rad, the lowest
      dose employed in this study. No lung tumors attributable to 85Kr exposure were
      observed in these rats.

PMID- 3884554
TI  - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive sensory and motor nerves of
      the mammalian palate.
AB  - The distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive nerve
      fibres in the palate of rat, cat and monkey was studied using immunocytochemistry
      and radioimmunoassay. CGRP-containing nerve fibres were found, in all species
      studied, to form a rich plexus in the subepithelial and submucous layers, around
      excretory ducts and blood vessels. A small number of CGRP-containing nerve fibres
      penetrated the epithelium of the hard and soft palate, and terminated as free
      endings. Some CGRP-containing nerve fibres were found in the vicinity of the
      mucous glands. CGRP-immunoreactive motor end plates were seen in the striated
      muscle (tensor veli palatini) of the soft palate. Following capsaicin treatment a
      small depletion in CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibres in the rat palate epithelium
      was noted. In contrast, CGRP immunoreactive fibres forming rich plexuses in other
      layers of the palate, including motor end plates, were not affected. The
      extractable CGRP showed no significant depletion (normal animals [n = 10] 21.7 +/
      2.4 pmol/g compared with capsaicin-treated animals [n = 10] 17.5 +/- 1.8 pmol
      CGRP/g wet weight). The reduction in the number of visible immunoreactive nerves
      following capsaicin application tends to confirm the sensory character of the
      CGRP-containing nerve fibres terminating in the epithelium of the hard and soft
      palate. The capsaicin insensitive CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibres may thus have
      a predominantly motor function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3884555
TI  - Combined immunostaining of neurofilaments, neuron specific enolase, GFAP and S
      100. A possible means for assessing the morphological and functional status of
      the enteric nervous system.
AB  - Neurofilaments, part of the cytoskeletal network, and neuron specific enolase, a
      major enzyme in glycolysis, are both present in central and peripheral neurons.
      Glial fibrillary acidic protein and S-100, on the other hand, are soluble
      proteins which are found exclusively in the supportive cells of the nervous
      system, i.e. the glial cells. Examination was made, using immunocytochemistry, of
      all main areas of the gastrointestinal tract of three mammalian species, rat, pig
      and man. By applying serial tissue sectioning, it was possible to study the
      relative occurrences of the two neuronal markers in the same cell bodies and to
      examine the relationships of the neurons with the glial cells as revealed by the
      antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein and S-100. Both neurofilaments and
      neuron specific enolase were localised to an extensive system of enteric nerves,
      with the level of neuron specific enolase-immunoreactivity showing greater
      variability than that observed using antibodies to neurofilaments. Comparison of
      the occurrence of neuron specific enolase and neurofilament immunoreactivity in
      serially sectioned neuronal cell bodies revealed that a minor population stained
      only with antibodies to neurofilaments. The equivocal or absent neuron specific
      enolase-immunoreactivity in some perikarya may reflect variations in functional
      status within the nervous system. Glial fibrillary acidic protein- and S-100
      immunoreactivities were confined to glial cells which, in this normal tissue,
      were always in close association with the neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3884556
TI  - [Comparative immunocytochemical studies of recurrent tonsillitis and infectious
      mononucleosis].
AB  - 72 patients suffering from recurrent tonsillitis, and ten with infectious
      mononucleosis were compared by morphological and immunological studies. The
      distribution of Ig-containing plasma cells (IgA, IgG, IgM), lambda- and kappa
      chains, lysozyme and Alpha-1-antitrypsin in tonsils was determined by the
      unlabelled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and correlated with the
      structure of the tonsils (follicles, interfollicular area, and reticular
      epithelium). While recurrent tonsillitis was associated with slight follicular
      hyperplasia, infectious mononucleosis was characterised by a marked distortion of
      the tonsillar architecture, reduction in the number of follicles and a mixed
      cellular proliferation. The cellular infiltration was composed of small, well
      differentiated lymphocytes, atypical lymphocytes (Downey cells), plasma cells,
      immunoblasts, and a variable number of pleomorphic immunoblasts (Reed-Sternberg
      like-cells). The binucleated or multinucleated immunoblasts contained IgA, IgG,
      and IgM. Ig-producing cells occurred in all compartments. In recurrent
      tonsillitis most were found in the reticular epithelium, but in infectious
      mononucleosis their density was highest in the interfollicular area. There was a
      general prominence of IgG cells, confirming that the tonsils resemble lymph nodes
      more closely than the lymphoid tissue of the alimentary tract. Cells containing
      lambda and kappa chains were found in all follicle centres and extra-follicular
      areas. They gave evidence of polyclonality in both diseases. Lysozyme and Alpha-1
      antitrypsin were present only in the vessels.

PMID- 3884557
TI  - Legionnaire's disease: current concepts in recognition, diagnosis, and treatment.

PMID- 3884558
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography with clinical correlation.

PMID- 3884559
TI  - Eighth annual Juan del Regato lecture. Chemical modifiers of radiosensitivity-
      theory and reality: a review.
AB  - In this review the poor clinical gains from hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and
      misonidazole (MISO) are discussed critically. The biggest factor reducing
      clinical gains is almost certainly reoxygenation. Other possible reasons include
      vasoconstrictive self-limitation of HBO and neurotoxicity of MISO, so that the
      radiosensitization of any hypoxic cells in human tumors was not adequate.
      Nevertheless, there have been some positive clinical results, so that hypoxic
      cells can sometimes be a problem in some tumors, especially those of the head and
      neck, even after multiple fraction radiotherapy. While hypoxic cell
      radioresistance is obviously only one form of radioresistance it is a large
      factor of resistance when hypoxic cells are present. Current developments are
      briefly reviewed: the 'new' clinical sensitizers Ro-03-8799 and SR-2508 which
      should be 3 to 10 times more efficient than MISO if viable hypoxic cells are
      present; and methods of measuring which human tumors might have significant
      numbers of hypoxic viable cells.

PMID- 3884560
TI  - Schools of the allied health professions and the future: report of a Delphi
      study.
AB  - During the 1982-83 academic year, ten members of the College of Health Deans
      participated in a five-round Delphi study to identify objectives for schools of
      the allied health professions through the year 1991. There was consensus among
      the deans participating that 29 potential developments in health and health care
      are highly likely to occur by 1991 and that 13 objectives relative to these
      developments are of highest importance to schools of the allied health
      professions.

PMID- 3884561
TI  - The ecology of Escherichia coli in market calves fed a milk-substitute diet.
AB  - Dynamic changes in the Escherichia coli population in the calf gut were studied
      over 21 days in a group of 18 intensively-reared market calves. Isolates were
      identified by O-serogrouping, biotyping and resistogram patterns. Seventy O
      serogroups were identified among nearly 3000 E. coli isolates examined and these
      were subdivided into 416 strains by means of their biotype and resistogram.
      Seventy-five per cent of these strains were detected only once or twice, which
      points to the continual replacement of the E. coli flora with strains that showed
      low persistence in the gut. The rise in the frequency of antibiotic resistance
      observed during the study was not due to a change in the proportion of resistant
      to sensitive strains in the gut flora. It was a consequence of the displacement
      of the original flora by multiply-resistant strains, which presumably originated
      from the calves' environment.

PMID- 3884562
TI  - An assessment of Bacteroides fragilis group organisms as indicators of human
      faecal pollution.
AB  - Membrane filtration techniques were used to enumerate Bacteroides fragilis group
      (BFG) organisms and Escherichia coli in a variety of natural waters, the
      influents and effluents from three types of sewage treatment plants and faeces of
      various animals. The results suggest that BFG organisms die off more rapidly than
      E. coli in water and that animal faeces are not a significant source of BFG. It
      is suggested that the ratio of BFG to E. coli in water may be used to indicate
      the proximity of a source of human faecal contamination.

PMID- 3884563
TI  - The ecology of Escherichia coli in calves reared as dairy-cow replacements.
AB  - A continual turn-over in the strains forming the majority of faecal Escherichia
      coli flora was demonstrated in 16 calves reared as dairy cow replacements. The
      incidence of antibiotic resistance among isolates, as measured by an Antibiotic
      Resistance Index (ARI), changed markedly with the age of the calf. The value was
      low initially, when the calves were 1-2 days old and housed with adult animals.
      It then rose rapidly during the first week after the animals had been weaned and
      moved into nursery pens. This change in ARI was associated with the isolation of
      strains resistant to four or five of the six drugs included in the sensitivity
      test. The ARI then fell from the third week to low levels by the time that the
      calves were five months of age. This fall was due to the isolation of an
      increasing proportion of sensitive E. coli strains. These differed from the
      sensitive strains which had colonized the calves in the early days of life so
      demonstrating that the change was not due to the reemergence of strains
      identified several weeks previously. The source of E. coli strains was presumed
      to be the calfs' environment but further investigations are required to prove
      this conclusively.

PMID- 3884564
TI  - The suitability of a membrane diffusion growth chamber for studying bacterial
      interaction.
AB  - Rates of diffusion of nutrients and metabolites through 0.1 micron pore diameter
      polycarbonate membranes are so low that the use of membrane-separated systems to
      study bacterial interaction seems to have little application. Effective nutrient
      availability throughout the system is very dependent on membrane area/medium
      volume ratio. An attempt to demonstrate a known interaction in the membrane
      diffusion chamber was not successful.

PMID- 3884565
TI  - beta-Lactam coselection of sensitive and TEM-1 beta-lactamase-producing
      subpopulations in heterogeneous Escherichia coli colonies.
AB  - We tested the effect of different concentrations of cefamandole, cefotaxime,
      cefoxitin and imipenem on homogeneous and heterogeneous bacterial stationary
      colonies. A reduction of not more than 100-fold in the bacterial colony
      population was obtained with sensitive Escherichia coli K12 strains. When an E.
      coli strain producing high levels of TEM-1 beta-lactamase constituted 6% or more
      of the population, the whole colony was resistant to cefamandole, but still
      sensitive to cefotaxime, cefoxitin or imipenem. Thus in the case of cefamandole
      the sensitive subpopulation is co-selected by the resistant one. It is suggested
      that the occurrence of resistant subpopulations, as a small part of an apparently
      sensitive E. coli population, can lead to therapeutic failures with beta
      lactamase-sensitive agents.

PMID- 3884566
TI  - Treatment of neutropenic infection: a randomized trial comparing latamoxef
      (moxalactam) with cephradine plus tobramycin.
AB  - Sixty neutropenic patients with infection were studied in a randomized trial
      comparing treatment with latamoxef (moxalactam) alone or with cephradine and
      tobramycin. The two treatment groups were comparable in respect to their clinical
      sites of infection, degree of neutropenia underlying malignancy, and organisms.
      Forty-two bacterial isolates were obtained from various clinically infected
      sites. All but two of these isolates were sensitive to latamoxef (30 highly
      sensitive, ten moderately sensitive). In contrast 29 of the isolates were
      resistant to cephradine and eight were resistant to both cephradine and
      tobramycin. Control of infection was achieved in 72% of patients treated with
      latamoxef and 55% treated with cephradine plus tobramycin. Latamoxef appears to
      be an effective antibiotic for the treatment of neutropenic patients with
      infection.

PMID- 3884567
TI  - The theory and relevance of continuous culture.
AB  - Batch cultures of micro-organisms which utilize typical laboratory media,
      generally result in rapidly dividing cultures (generation times less than 1 h).
      These are atypical of those found in natural environments. The continuous culture
      of micro-organisms allows either specific-growth-rate to be controlled, whilst
      maintaining the cells in a constant physical and chemical environment or a
      constant specific-growth-rate to be maintained whilst physico-chemical parameters
      of growth such as pH, temperature or nutrient availability are varied. Continuous
      culture therefore offers the prospect of in-vitro culture of micro-organisms in
      physiological states relevant to their natural habitats. This article introduces
      the concepts of continuous culture and discusses their relevance towards in-vitro
      models of infection and of antibiotic dosing.

PMID- 3884568
TI  - Penetration of antibiotics through cell culture monolayers.
AB  - Commercial tissue culture chambers were modified in such a way that they
      contained two portions of medium separated by a horizontal membrane. When grown
      on this membrane, Vero (monkey kidney) cells formed continuous cell monolayers.
      By comparing the penetration of antibiotics through monolayer-covered and cell
      free membranes, the retention brought about by the cell layer could be measured.
      Only minor differences were seen between oxacillin, mezlocillin and
      ciprofloxacin. Penetration of polymyxin B through the cell layer proved to be
      reduced by about 40% in comparison to oxacillin.

PMID- 3884569
TI  - Application of in-vitro models: development of resistance.
AB  - The development of chromosomal beta-lactam resistance of Escherichia coli,
      Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii was observed by following the
      bacterial kill-kinetics in an in-vitro model simulating human serum antibiotic
      concentrations. From sensitive Escherichia coli cells mutants arose resistant to
      aminopenicillins, and to first and second generation cephalosporins, whereas with
      the Ent. cloacae and Citro. freundii mutants were also resistant to cefotaxime.
      Resistant mutants from all three species could also be selected on antibiotic
      containing agar plates. With E. coli they occurred in two steps, the first
      mutation being stable but the second mutation reverting spontaneously. In Ent.
      cloacae, and apparently also in Citro. freundii, the mutation changes the
      cephalosporinase production from an inducible to a constitutive one. The
      different mutation rates, and the rate was extremely high for some Ent. cloacae
      strains, were correlated with a corresponding reduction of viable cell count and
      with the time of re-growth observed in the model.

PMID- 3884570
TI  - Effects of sub-bactericidal concentrations of antibiotics in experimental models
      of endocarditis.
AB  - Subinhibitory and sub-bactericidal concentrations of antibiotics significantly
      influence host-bacterial interactions. This paper reviews the pathogenesis of
      endocarditis and examines how subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics may
      influence the course of the disease. At present significant effects have been
      documented only for the stage of bacterial adherence to the damaged valve.

PMID- 3884571
TI  - Laryngeal constriction in normal humans during experimentally induced
      bronchoconstriction.
AB  - Changes in the size of the glottis with bronchoconstriction were assessed in six
      normal subjects following inhalation of histamine or methacholine. Measurements
      were made during both tidal breathing and panting at 2-3 Hz. The midexpiratory
      size of the glottis was decreased by a mean of 8% during bronchoconstriction
      compared with control during tidal breathing. Changes in midinspiratory size were
      inconsistent. During panting, the glottic size was unchanged from inspiration to
      expiration but decreased in 7 of 15 studies during bronchoconstriction. The
      decreases in expiratory size of the glottis during quiet breathing would lead to
      an elevated laryngeal resistance coupled with an increased lower airway
      resistance. Although this seems to be a paradoxical laryngeal response, it may
      contribute to maintaining hyperinflation during bronchoconstriction, thereby
      effectively enlarging the lower airways.

PMID- 3884572
TI  - Central and local cholinergic components of histamine-induced bronchoconstriction
      in dogs.
AB  - To determine the importance of central and local reflexes in the
      bronchoconstriction produced by inhaled aerosolized histamine, chloralose-urethan
      anesthetized dogs were intubated with a double-lumen catheter, ventilated with a
      dual cylinder respirator, and instrumented for the measurements of pulmonary
      conductance (GL) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) in each lung. In each dog, dose
      response curves to inhaled aerosolized histamine were obtained in both lungs
      separately but synchronously. Four series of experiments were performed. In the
      first series (n = 10) the responses of the right and left lungs were compared and
      found to be approximately equal, indicating that one lung could be used as a
      control for the other. In the second and third series the dose-response curve of
      one lung that had either been treated with inhaled atropine sulfate (n = 6) (4
      mg/ml) or vagotomized (n = 4) was compared with the contralateral control lung.
      At low concentrations of histamine, GL and Cdyn decreased more in the control
      lungs than in their atropine-treated or vagotomized counterparts, and
      approximately 40% of the bronchoconstriction induced was reflex in origin. At
      higher concentrations of histamine the responses of the control and atropine
      treated or vagotomized lungs were not significantly different. In the fourth
      series of experiments (n = 6) histamine dose-response curves were obtained
      following combined bilateral vagotomy and unilateral delivery of inhaled
      aerosolized atropine. In these dogs GL, but not Cdyn, fell to a greater extent in
      the control than in the atropine-treated lung.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3884573
TI  - Antigen sensitization and methacholine responses in dogs with hyperreactive
      airways.
AB  - Antigen sensitization was induced in six Basenji-Greyhound (BG) dogs by weekly
      aerosol exposure to Ascaris suum. The effects on airway responsiveness to inhaled
      methacholine were studied before and at least 2 wk following Ascaris
      sensitization. All dogs developed detectable serum levels of Ascaris-specific
      immunoglobulin E (IgE), and five out of six dogs developed airway responsiveness
      to antigen over the 4- to 6-mo period. This was accompanied by a decrease rather
      than an increase in airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine. When dogs were
      challenged with methacholine 30 min after Ascaris antigen aerosol challenge,
      however, dogs reactive to Ascaris became hyperresponsive to methacholine. The
      magnitude of the response to antigen correlated (r = 0.85) inversely with the
      dose of methacholine increasing pulmonary resistance 200%. These data show that
      in BG dogs airway responsiveness to methacholine is increased by acute antigen
      exposure but that sensitization of previously unsensitized dogs does not increase
      nonspecific airway responsiveness.

PMID- 3884574
TI  - Angiotensin II-induced hypothermia in rats.
AB  - Systemic administration of angiotensin II (ANG II) (200 micrograms/kg sc) to the
      rat induced a hypothermic response that was characterized within 12 min by a
      reduction in the rate of O2 consumption, vasodilation of the tail, and a 1.3
      degrees C fall in colonic temperature. Administration of ANG II in doses ranging
      from 10 to 200 micrograms/kg resulted in a decrease in colonic and an increase in
      tail skin temperature. Angiotensin I (ANG I) (200 micrograms/kg sc) induced a
      similar hypothermic response which was abolished by pretreatment with the ANG I
      converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril (35 mg/kg ip). The interaction of ANG II
      with cholinergic and adrenergic pathways was evaluated to determine possible
      mechanisms. Treatment with ANG II (200 micrograms/kg sc) and propranolol, a beta
      adrenoceptor antagonist (6 mg/kg ip), resulted in a greater depression of colonic
      temperature (Tco) than was observed with ANG II alone but did not affect the
      increase in tail skin temperature (Tsk) accompanying administration of ANG II.
      When ANG II was administered in combination with the beta-adrenergic agonist,
      isoproterenol (50 micrograms/kg ip), Tco remained at control levels, whereas an
      enhancement of the ANG II-induced increase in Tsk occurred. Administration of ANG
      II in combination with atropine sulfate (6 mg/kg ip), a muscarinic receptor
      antagonist which crosses the blood-brain barrier, significantly reduced the
      extent of the fall in Tco without affecting the increase in Tsk. The combined
      treatment of ANG II and the quaternary analogue, atropine methyl nitrate (3.25
      mg/kg ip), which does not cross the blood-brain barrier, failed to affect the
      hypothermic responses to ANG II. These results suggest that the hypothermic
      responses to ANG II may be mediated through a central cholinergic pathway and
      possibly influenced by an adrenergic component. The inability of both adrenergic
      and cholinergic blockers to affect the vasodilatory response of the tail of the
      rat to administration of ANG II suggests that the mechanisms subserving heat
      production can be blocked independently of those subserving heat loss.

PMID- 3884575
TI  - Effect of expiratory loading on glottic dimensions in humans.
AB  - We examined the effects of external mechanical loading on glottic dimensions in
      13 normal subjects. When flow-resistive loads of 7, 27, and 48 cmH2O X l-1 X s,
      measured at 0.2 l/s, were applied during expiration, glottic width at the mid
      tidal volume point in expiration (dge) was 2.3 +/- 12, 37.9 +/- 7.5, and 38.3 +/-
      8.9% (means +/- SE) less than the control dge, respectively. Simultaneously,
      mouth pressure (Pm) increased by 2.5 +/- 4, 3.0 +/- 0.4, and 4.6 +/- 0.6 cmH2O,
      respectively. When subjects were switched from a resistance to a positive end
      expiratory pressure at comparable values of Pm, both dge and expiratory flow
      returned to control values, whereas the level of hyperinflation remained
      constant. Glottic width during inspiration (unloaded) did not change on any of
      the resistive loads. There was a slight inverse relationship between the ratio of
      expiratory to inspiratory glottic width and the ratio of expiratory to
      inspiratory duration. Our results show noncompensatory glottic narrowing when
      subjects breathe against an expiratory resistance and suggest that the glottic
      dimensions are influenced by the time course of lung emptying during expiration.
      We speculate that the glottic constriction is related to the increased activity
      of expiratory medullary neurons during loaded expiration and, by increasing the
      internal impedance of the respiratory system, may have a stabilizing function.

PMID- 3884576
TI  - Effects of nifedipine on responses to exercise in normal subjects.
AB  - The responses to sublingual nifedipine (20 mg) and placebo were compared in
      normal subjects during two studies on cycle ergometer [progressive exercise and
      constant work-load exercise at approximately 60% of maximal O2 consumption
      (VO2max)]. The use of nifedipine did not modify maximal power, ventilation (VE),
      VO2, and heart rate (HR) at the end of the multistage progressive exercise (30-W
      increments every 3 min). Over the 45 min of the constant-load exercise and the
      ensuing 30-min recovery we observed with nifedipine compared with placebo 1) no
      differences in VO2, VE, respiratory exchange ratio, and systolic arterial blood
      pressure; 2) a higher HR (P less than 0.001) and lower diastolic arterial blood
      pressure (P less than 0.01); 3) a greater and more prolonged rise in
      norepinephrine (P less than 0.01) and growth hormone (P less than 0.001); 4) no
      significant differences in epinephrine and insulin and a lesser increase in
      glucagon during recovery (P less than 0.01); and 5) a lesser fall in blood
      glucose (P less than 0.01) and greater increase in acetoacetate (P less than
      0.001), beta-hydroxybutyrate (P less than 0.05), and blood lactate (P less than
      0.001). Our data do not support the hypothesis that nifedipine reduces hormonal
      secretions in vivo and are best explained by an enhanced secretion of
      catecholamines compensating for the primary vasodilator effect of nifedipine.

PMID- 3884577
TI  - Glycogen depletion during prolonged exercise: influence of glucose, fructose, or
      placebo.
AB  - We examined the influence of various carbohydrates of fuel homeostasis and
      glycogen utilization during prolonged exercise. Seventy-five grams of glucose,
      fructose, or placebo were given orally to eight healthy males 45 min before
      ergometer exercise performed for 2 h at 55% of maximal aerobic power (VO2max).
      After glucose ingestion, the rises in plasma glucose (P less than 0.01) and
      insulin (P less than 0.001) were 2.4- and 5.8-fold greater than when fructose was
      consumed. After 30 min of exercise following glucose ingestion, the plasma
      glucose concentration had declined to a nadir of 3.9 +/- 0.3 mmol/l, and plasma
      insulin had returned to basal levels. The fall in plasma glucose was closely
      related to the preexercise glucose (r = 0.98, P less than 0.001) and insulin (r =
      0.66, P less than 0.05) levels. The rate of endogenous glucose production and
      utilization rose similarly by 2.8-fold during exercise in fructose group and were
      10-15% higher than in placebo group (P less than 0.05). Serum free fatty acid
      levels were 1.5- to 2-fold higher (P less than 0.01) after placebo than
      carbohydrate ingestion. Muscle glycogen concentration in the quadriceps femoris
      fell in all three groups by 60-65% (P less than 0.001) during exercise. These
      data indicate that fructose ingestion, though causing smaller perturbations in
      plasma glucose, insulin, and gastrointestinal polypeptide (GIP) levels than
      glucose ingestion, was no more effective than glucose or placebo in sparing
      glycogen during a long-term exercise.

PMID- 3884578
TI  - A new nuclear magnetic resonance property of lung.
AB  - Inflated lung has a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) free-induction decay (FID)
      which is short compared with that of collapsed lung and those of other body
      tissues. An almost identically short FID is obtained from a slurry of 5-micron
      alumina particles in water. Interfaces between air and water in lung and between
      alumina and water in the slurry appear to be the source of spatial internal
      magnetic inhomogeneities which produce NMR line broadening and the short FID.
      Paired images that included lung, taken with paired symmetric and asymmetric NMR
      spin-echo sequences, permit the generation of an image, by subtraction, of the
      lung isolated from surrounding tissue. These new lung images are neither proton
      density, T1 (spin-lattice relaxation time), nor T2 (spin-spin relaxation time)
      images. They complement current NMR images and provide information about regional
      lung inflation. This previously unrecognized NMR property of lung tissue has
      potential application in NMR imaging, in quantitative determination of lung water
      and its distribution, and in the quantitation of regional lung inflation.

PMID- 3884579
TI  - Endotoxin-tolerant rats are still protected from oxygen toxicity by low-dose
      endotoxin treatment.
AB  - To determine if we could reduce endotoxin's potential for toxicity, we produced
      "endotoxin-tolerant" rats by administering progressively increasing daily doses
      of endotoxin (10 ng, 100 ng, 1 microgram, 10 micrograms/kg). This dosage regimen
      produced a high degree of tolerance to the toxic actions of endotoxin: whereas
      only 3/17 (18%) of control rats survived a normally lethal dose of endotoxin (25
      mg/kg), survival for the endotoxin-tolerant rats was 16/16. When endotoxin
      tolerant rats received a standard protective dose of 500 micrograms/kg endotoxin
      just before transfer to 96-98% O2, 19/20 survived the 72-h exposure period vs. 20
      30% survival for controls. Thus whereas the endotoxin-tolerant state blocked the
      tested lethal and toxic effects of endotoxin, it did not nullify the O2
      protective action of endotoxin. In addition, endotoxin's stimulatory effects on
      the lung antioxidant enzymes in the 96-98% O2-exposed rats was also not blocked
      by the endotoxin-tolerant state. Thus the therapeutic ratio (TR) of endotoxin as
      an experimental pharmacological treatment against O2-induced lung damage has been
      markedly enhanced (TR = ratio of dose producing beneficial effects to dose
      producing toxic effects).

PMID- 3884580
TI  - Endogenous prostaglandins modulate histamine-induced contraction in canine
      tracheal smooth muscle.
AB  - We studied the role of endogenous prostaglandins in modulating the histamine
      response of canine tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) in vitro. Indomethacin (INDO)
      (10(-7) - 10(-5) M), a cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor,
      significantly increased maximum histamine-induced tension (Tmax) and decreased
      the concentration of histamine required to produce 50% of Tmax (EC50).
      Acetylsalicylic acid (10(-5) -5 X 10(-4) M), another less potent cyclooxygenase
      inhibitor, also decreased EC50. Neither the lipoxygenase inhibitor
      nordihydroguaiaretic acid nor the leukotriene antagonist FPL 55712 had any effect
      on histamine-induced tension in INDO-pretreated TSM. INDO reduced the standard
      deviation of EC50 from 0.47 in control TSM (n = 51) to 0.26 in INDO-pretreated
      TSM (n = 31) (P less than 0.02). High-pressure liquid chromatography established
      prostacyclin (PGI2), through its degradation product 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, as the
      predominant prostaglandin produced by canine TSM. Exogenous PGI2 caused a
      concentration-dependent relaxation of histamine-contracted TSM. In the tissue
      bath, spontaneous efflux of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha from TSM, as measured by
      radioimmunoassay, averaged 4.7 ng . g muscle-1 . min-1 and increased to 10 ng/g
      muscle (n = 10, P less than 0.001) with administration of histamine. The
      isometric tension produced by histamine (10(-4) M) was inversely linearly
      correlated with the log concentration of endogenous 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha (r = 0.81, P
      less than 0.01). Our results are consistent with an important role for endogenous
      bronchodilating prostaglandins, probably prostacyclin, in determining both the
      histamine sensitivity of canine TSM in vitro and its variability among individual
      animals.

PMID- 3884581
TI  - Effect of positive-pressure breathing on cardiovascular and thermoregulatory
      responses to exercise.
AB  - Five healthy male volunteers performed 20 min of both seated and supine cycle
      ergometer exercise (intensity, 50% maximal O2 uptake) in a warm environment (Tdb
      = 30 degrees C, relative humidity = 40-50%) with and without breathing 10 cmH2O
      of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The final esophageal temperature
      (Tes) at the end of 20 min of seated exercise was significantly higher during
      CPAP (mean difference = 0.18 +/- 0.04 degree C, P less than 0.05) compared with
      control breathing (C). The Tes threshold for forearm vasodilation was
      significantly higher (P less than 0.05) during seated CPAP exercise than C (C =
      37.16 +/- 0.13 degrees C, CPAP = 37.38 + 0.12 degree C). The highest forearm
      blood flow (FBF) at the end of exercise was significantly lower (P less than
      0.05) during seated exercise with CPAP (mean +/- SE % difference from C = -30.8
      +/- 5.8%). During supine exercise, there were no significant differences in the
      Tes threshold, highest FBF, or final Tes with CPAP compared with C. The added
      strain on the cardiovascular system produced by CPAP during seated exercise in
      the heat interacts with body thermoregulation as evidenced by elevated
      vasodilation thresholds, reduced peak FBF, and slightly higher final esophageal
      temperatures.

PMID- 3884582
TI  - Effects of imidazole and indomethacin on fluid balance in isolated sheep lungs.
AB  - We determined the effects of extracorporeal perfusion with a constant flow (75 ml
      . min-1 . kg-1) of autologous blood on hemodynamics and fluid balance in sheep
      lungs isolated in situ. After 5 min, perfusate leukocyte and platelet counts fell
      by two-thirds. Pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) increased to a maximum of 32.0
      +/- 3.4 Torr at 30 min and thereafter fell. Lung lymph flow (QL), measured from
      the superior thoracic duct, and perfusate thromboxane B2 (TXB2) concentrations
      followed similar time courses but lagged behind Ppa, reaching maxima of 4.1 +/-
      1.2 ml/h and 2.22 +/- 0.02 ng/ml at 60 min. Lung weight gain, measured as the
      opposite of the weight change of the extracorporeal reservoir, and perfusate 6
      ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) concentration increased rapidly
      during the first 60 min and then more gradually. After 210 min, weight gain was
      224 +/- 40 g and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentration, 4.99 +/- 0.01 ng/ml. The ratio
      of lymph to plasma oncotic pressure (pi L/pi P) at 30 min was 0.61 +/- 0.06 and
      did not change significantly. Imidazole (5 mM) reduced the changes in TXB2, Ppa,
      QL, and weight and platelet count but did not alter 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, pi L/pi P,
      or leukocyte count. Indomethacin (0.056 mM) reduced TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and
      the early increases in weight, Ppa, and QL but did not alter the time courses of
      leukocyte or platelet counts. Late in perfusion, however, Ppa and QL were greater
      than in either untreated or imidazole-treated lungs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3884583
TI  - Effect of lung inflation on lung blood volume and pulmonary venous flow.
AB  - Phasic changes in lung blood volume (LBV) during the respiratory cycle may play
      an important role in the genesis of the respiratory wave in arterial pressure, or
      pulsus paradoxus. To better understand the effects of lung inflation on LBV, we
      studied the effect of changes in transpulmonary pressure (delta Ptp) on pulmonary
      venous flow (Qv) in eight isolated canine lungs with constant inflow. Inflation
      when the zone 2 condition was predominant resulted in transient decreases in Qv
      associated with increases in LBV. In contrast, inflation when the zone 3
      condition was predominant resulted in transient increases in Qv associated with
      decreases in LBV. These findings are consistent with a model of the pulmonary
      vasculature that consists of alveolar and extra-alveolar vessels. Blood may be
      expelled from alveolar vessels but is retained in extra-alveolar vessels with
      each inflation. The net effect on LBV and thus on Qv is dependent on the zone
      conditions that predominate during inflation, with alveolar or extra-alveolar
      effects being greater when the zone 3 or zone 2 conditions predominate,
      respectively. Lung inflation may therefore result in either transiently augmented
      or diminished Qv. Phasic changes in left ventricular preload may therefore depend
      on the zone conditions of the lungs during the respiratory cycle. This may be an
      important modulator of respiratory variations in cardiac output and blood
      pressure.

PMID- 3884584
TI  - Analytical methods for determining ascorbic acid in biological samples, food
      products, and pharmaceuticals.
AB  - Over the last decade, numerous publications have appeared describing analyses for
      ascorbic acid in food products, pharmaceuticals, and biological samples. This
      review focuses on the chemistry associated with many of these procedures. The
      papers discussed have historical importance, are important to understanding the
      method, or have significantly advanced ascorbic acid analysis. The review has 4
      major sections: spectroscopic, electrochemical, enzymatic, and chromatographic
      methods of analysis.

PMID- 3884585
TI  - Effects of fenfluramine on behavioral, cognitive, and affective disturbances in
      autistic children.

PMID- 3884586
TI  - Escherichia coli mutants possessing an Li+-resistant melibiose carrier.
AB  - Escherichia coli K-12 strains in the absence of the lactose carrier grew on the
      disaccharide melibiose as the sole source of carbon. The presence of 0.1 mM Li+
      in the medium strongly inhibited growth of such cells, and Li+-resistant mutants
      appeared after several days of incubation. These mutants showed altered cation
      coupling to melibiose transport via the melibiose carrier. Cotransport between H+
      and melibiose was lost in the mutants, although Na+-melibiose cotransport was
      retained. We observed no Li+-melibiose cotransport. Therefore, these mutants
      represent a new type of cation-coupling mutants of the melibiose carrier.

PMID- 3884587
TI  - Locations of hook-associated proteins in flagellar structures of Salmonella
      typhimurium.
AB  - Hooks of the flagella of Salmonella typhimurium were purified from an flaL
      mutant. Hook-associated proteins, namely HAP1, HAP2, and HAP3, were separated
      from them, and the antibody against each HAP was prepared. By immunoelectron
      microscopic observation, these three kinds of antiHAP antibodies were found to
      bind on the distal ends of hooks of filamentless mutants consistently with their
      composition of HAPs. The antiHAP2 antibody bound to the very tops of the claw
      shaped ends of the hooks which contain all three HAPS. The antibodies against
      HAP1 and HAP3 bound to the basal areas and the middle areas, respectively, of the
      claw-shaped ends. The order of disassembly of the component proteins by heat
      treatment of the hook structure from the filamentless mutants was (HAP2, HAP3)
      greater than HAP1 greater than hook protein. These observations were consistent
      with our layered structure model: HAP1, HAP3, and HAP2 are assembled at the
      distal end of the hook in this sequence. All three HAPs were detected in the hook
      filament complexes prepared from a flagellate strain. When the hook-filament
      structure was treated with antibody against HAP1 and with the anti-rabbit
      immunoglobulin G antibody, the antibody aggregate was observed in the region
      corresponding to the boundary between filament and hook. This observation
      strongly suggests that HAP1 is the protein connecting filament with hook. The
      locations of HAP2 and HAP3 in the hook-filament structure were not clarified with
      the same procedure.

PMID- 3884588
TI  - Strain-specific chemotaxis of Azospirillum spp.
AB  - Chemotactic responses of three Azospirillum strains originating from different
      host plants were compared to examine the possible role of chemotaxis in the
      adaptation of these bacteria to their respective hosts. The chemotaxis to several
      sugars, amino acids, and organic acids was determined qualitatively by an agar
      plate assay and quantitatively by a channeled-chamber technique. High chemotactic
      ratios, up to 40, were obtained with the latter technique. The chemotactic
      response did not rely upon the ability of the bacteria to metabolize the
      attractant. Rather, it depended on the attractant concentration and
      stereoconfiguration. Chemotaxis was found to be strain specific. Differences were
      particularly observed between a wheat isolate and strains originating from the C4
      pathway plants maize and Leptochloa fusca. In contrast to the other two strains,
      the wheat isolate was strongly attracted to D-fructose, L-aspartate, citrate, and
      oxalate. The other strains showed maximal attraction to L-malate. The chemotactic
      responses to organic acids partially correlate with the exudation of these acids
      by the respective host plants. Additionally, a heat-labile, high-molecular-weight
      attractant was found in the root exudates of L. fusca, which specifically
      attracted the homologous Azospirillum strain. It is proposed that strain-specific
      chemotaxis probably reflects an adaptation of Azospirillum spp. to the conditions
      provided by the host plant and contributes to the initiation of the association
      process.

PMID- 3884589
TI  - Molecular cloning of nif DNA from Azotobacter vinelandii.
AB  - Two clones which contained nif DNA were isolated from a clone bank of total EcoRI
      digested Azotobacter vinelandii DNA. The clones carrying the recombinant plasmids
      were identified by use of the 32P-labeled 6.2-kilobase (kb) nif insert from pSA30
      (which contains the Klebsiella pneumoniae nifK, nifD, and nifH genes) as a
      hybridization probe. Hybridization analysis with fragments derived from the nif
      insert of pSA30 showed that the 2.6-kb insert from one of the plasmids (pLB1)
      contains nifK whereas the 1.4-kb insert from the other plasmid (pLB3) contains
      nifD. Marker rescue tests using genetic transformation indicated that the 2.6-kb
      A. vinelandii nif fragment contains the wild-type alleles for the nif-6 and nif
      38 mutations carried by Nif- strains UW6 and UW38. The 1.4-kb insert contains the
      wild-type allele for the nif-10 mutation carried by Nif- strain UW10.

PMID- 3884590
TI  - Conjugative plasmids of enteric bacteria from many different incompatibility
      groups have similar genes for single-stranded DNA-binding proteins.
AB  - Among 30 conjugative plasmids of enteric bacteria from 23 incompatibility (Inc)
      groups, we found 19 (from 12 Inc groups) which can complement defects caused by a
      defective single-stranded DNA-binding protein of Escherichia coli K-12. The genes
      which are responsible for the complementation from three of these plasmids (Inc
      groups I1, Y, and 9) were cloned. These genes showed extensive homology with each
      other and with the E. coli F factor ssb gene (formerly denoted ssf), which codes
      for a single-stranded DNA binding protein. The proteins coded for by the cloned
      genes bound tightly to single-stranded DNA. Six other ssb- -complementing
      plasmids were tested for homology to the F factor ssb gene, and all of these
      showed homology, as did one of the ssb- -noncomplementing plasmids. Plasmids from
      a total of 13 different Inc groups of enteric bacteria were found to be likely to
      have genes with some homology to the ssb gene of the F factor. For plasmids from
      several different Inc groups, we found no evidence for strong homology with ssb
      of the F factor.

PMID- 3884591
TI  - Amount and chain length of polyphosphates in Escherichia coli depend on cell
      growth conditions.
AB  - Anaerobiosis induced an accumulation of polyphosphates (poly Pi) in a phosphate
      rich medium by an alkaline-phosphatase constitutive mutant of Escherichia coli.
      The total poly Pi content was maximum at around 6 h of anaerobic growth. Both
      trichloroacetic acid- and NaOH-soluble poly Pi were found to be present. The acid
      soluble fraction consisted mainly of a linear polymer of about 20 +/- 5 phosphate
      units, whereas the alkali-extractable poly Pi fraction contained at least four
      molecular species of higher chain length as determined by gel filtration. The
      majority of poly Pi extracted at 6 h had lower chain lengths than those extracted
      from cells incubated for 24 h. In vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of
      E. coli cells as a function of growth conditions were consistent with the in
      vitro extract results.

PMID- 3884592
TI  - General recombination in Escherichia coli K-12: in vivo role of RecBC enzyme.
AB  - Heterozygous lacZ- merodiploids of Escherichia coli K-12 have been used to study
      the role of the RecBC enzyme in general recombination. The transcribable
      intermediate assay detects the product of early steps in recombination without
      requiring the formation of viable recombinant colonies. Recombination is
      initiated by infection with lambda precA+. We have found that transcribable
      intermediate formation in crosses between F42 lac and chromosomal lac is
      dependent on F fertility functions and an active RecBC enzyme. Thus, the products
      of the recB and recC genes are required in early steps of recombination between
      these two substrates. Introduction of the F42 lac donor DNA by conjugation
      immediately after infection with lambda precA+ abolishes the requirement for an
      active RecBC enzyme.

PMID- 3884593
TI  - Alcaligenes eutrophus CH34 is a facultative chemolithotroph with plasmid-bound
      resistance to heavy metals.
AB  - Alcaligenes eutrophus strain CH34, which was isolated as a bacterium resistant to
      cobalt, zinc, and cadmium ions, shares with A. eutrophus strain H16 the ability
      to grow lithoautotrophically on molecular hydrogen, to form a cytoplasmic NAD
      reducing and a membrane-bound hydrogenase, and most metabolic attributes;
      however, it does not grow on fructose. Strain CH34 contains two plasmids, pMOL28
      (163 kilobases) specifying nickel, mercury, and cobalt resistance and pMOL30 (238
      kilobases) specifying zinc, cadmium, mercury, and cobalt resistance. The plasmids
      are self-transmissible in homologous matings, but at low frequencies. The
      transfer frequency was strongly increased with IncP1 plasmids RP4 and pUZ8 as
      helper plasmids. The phenotypes of the wild type, cured strains, and
      transconjugants are characterized by the following MICs (Micromolar) in strains
      with the indicated phenotypes: Nic+, 2.5; Nic-, 0.6; Cob+A, 5.0; Cob+B, 20.0; Cob
      , less than 0.07; Zin+, 12.0; Zin-, 0.6; Cad+, 2.5; and Cad-, 0.6. Plasmid-free
      cells of strain CH34 are still able to grow lithoautotrophically and to form both
      hydrogenases, indicating that the hydrogenase genes are located on the
      chromosome, in contrast to the Hox structural genes of strain H16, which are
      located on the megaplasmid pHG1 (450 kilobases).

PMID- 3884594
TI  - Isolation and characterization of mutant strains of Escherichia coli altered in
      H2 metabolism.
AB  - A positive selection procedure is described for the isolation of hydrogenase
      defective mutant strains of Escherichia coli. Mutant strains isolated by this
      procedure can be divided into two major classes. Class I mutants produced
      hydrogenase activity (determined by using a tritium-exchange assay) and formate
      hydrogenlyase activity but lacked the ability to reduce benzyl viologen or
      fumarate with H2 as the electron donor. Class II mutants failed to produce active
      hydrogenase and hydrogenase-dependent activities. All the mutant strains produced
      detectable levels of formate dehydrogenase-1 and -2 and fumarate reductase. The
      mutation in class I mutants mapped near 65 min of the E. coli chromosome, whereas
      the mutation in class II mutants mapped between srl and cys operons (58 and 59
      min, respectively) in the genome. The class II Hyd mutants can be further
      subdivided into two groups (hydA and hydB) based on the cotransduction
      characteristics with cys and srl. These results indicate that there are two hyd
      operons and one hup operon in the E. coli chromosome. The two hyd operons are
      needed for the production of active hydrogenase, and all three are essential for
      hydrogen-dependent growth of the cell.

PMID- 3884595
TI  - Cloning of hydrogenase genes and fine structure analysis of an operon essential
      for H2 metabolism in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Escherichia coli has two unlinked genes that code for hydrogenase synthesis and
      activity. The DNA fragments containing the two genes (hydA and hydB) were cloned
      into a plasmid vector, pBR322. The plasmids containing the hyd genes (pSE-290 and
      pSE-111 carrying the hydA and hydB genes, respectively) were used to genetically
      map a total of 51 mutant strains with defects in hydrogenase activity. A total of
      37 mutants carried a mutation in the hydB gene, whereas the remaining 14 hyd were
      hydA. This complementation analysis also established the presence of two new
      genes, so far unidentified, one coding for formate dehydrogenase-2 (fdv) and
      another producing an electron transport protein (fhl) coupling formate
      dehydrogenase-2 to hydrogenase. Three of the four genes, hydB, fhl, and fdv, may
      constitute a single operon, and all three genes are carried by a 5.6-kilobase
      pair chromosomal DNA insert in plasmid pSE-128. Plasmids carrying a part of this
      5.6-kilobase-pair DNA (pSE-130) or fragments derived from this DNA in different
      orientations (pSE-126 and pSE-129) inhibited the production of active formate
      hydrogenlyase. This inhibition occurred even in a prototrophic E. coli, strain K
      10, but only during an early induction period. These results, based on
      complementation analysis with cloned DNA fragments, show that both hydA and hydB
      genes are essential for the production of active hydrogenase. For the expression
      of active formate hydrogenlyase, two other gene products, fhl and fdv are also
      needed. All four genes map between 58 and 59 min in the E. coli chromosome.

PMID- 3884596
TI  - Cloning and expression of the transhydrogenase gene of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Based on the rationale that Escherichia coli cells harboring plasmids containing
      the pnt gene would contain elevated levels of enzyme, we have isolated three
      clones bearing the transhydrogenase gene from the Clarke and Carbon colony bank.
      The three plasmids were subjected to restriction endonuclease analysis. A 10.4
      kilobase restriction fragment which overlapped all three plasmids was cloned into
      the PstI site of plasmid pUC13. Examination of several deletion derivatives of
      the resulting plasmid and subsequent treatment with exonuclease BAL 31 revealed
      that enhanced transhydrogenase expression was localized within a 3.05-kilobase
      segment. This segment was located at 35.4 min in the E. coli genome. Plasmid
      pDC21 conferred on its host 70-fold overproduction of transhydrogenase. The
      protein products of plasmids carrying the pnt gene were examined by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of membranes from cells
      containing the plasmids. Two polypeptides of molecular weights 50,000 and 47,000
      were coded by the 3.05-kilobase fragment of pDC11. Both polypeptides were
      required for expression of transhydrogenase activity.

PMID- 3884597
TI  - Duplication of Escherichia coli during inhibition of net phospholipid synthesis.
AB  - In Escherichia coli BB26-36, the inhibition of net phospholipid synthesis during
      glycerol starvation affected cell duplication in a manner that was similar in
      some respects to that observed during the inhibition of protein synthesis.
      Ongoing rounds of chromosome replication continued, and cells in the D period
      divided. The initiation of new rounds of chromosome replication and division of
      cells in the C period were inhibited. Unlike the inhibition of protein synthesis,
      however, the accumulation of initiation potential in dnaA and dnaC mutants at the
      nonpermissive temperature was not affected by the inhibition of phospholipid
      synthesis. Furthermore, proteins synthesized during the inhibition of
      phospholipid synthesis can be utilized later for division. The results are
      consistent with a dual requirement for protein and phospholipid synthesis for
      both the inauguration of new rounds of chromosome replication and the initiation
      of septum formation. Once initiated, both processes progress to completion
      independent of continuous phospholipid and protein synthesis.

PMID- 3884598
TI  - Glutathione reductase is not required for maintenance of reduced glutathione in
      Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - Seven independently isolated glutathione reductase-deficient (gor) Escherichia
      coli mutants were found to have an in vivo glutathione redox state that did not
      significantly differ from that of the parental strain, 98 to 99% reduced. Strains
      containing both a gor mutation and either a trxA mutation (thioredoxin deficient)
      or a trxB mutation (thioredoxin reductase deficient) were able to maintain a 94
      to 96% reduced glutathione pool, suggesting that glutathione can be reduced
      independently of glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase.

PMID- 3884599
TI  - Cell envelopes of chemotaxis mutants of Escherichia coli rotate their flagella
      counterclockwise.
AB  - Flagella rotated exclusively counterclockwise in Escherichia coli cell envelopes
      prepared from wild-type cells, whose flagella rotated both clockwise and
      counterclockwise, from mutants rotating their flagella counterclockwise only, and
      even from mutants rotating their flagella primarily clockwise. Some factor needed
      for clockwise flagellar rotation appeared to be missing or defective in the cell
      envelopes.

PMID- 3884600
TI  - Localization of acyl carrier protein in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Acyl carrier protein was localized by immunoelectron microscopy in the cytoplasm
      of Escherichia coli. These data are inconsistent with the previous report of an
      association between acyl carrier protein and the inner membrane (H. Van den
      Bosch, J.R. Williamson, and P.R. Vagelos, Nature [London] 228:338-341, 1970).
      Moreover, bacterial membranes did not bind a significant amount of acyl carrier
      protein or its thioesters in vitro. A thioesterase activity specific for long
      chain acyl-acyl carrier protein was associated with the inner membrane.

PMID- 3884601
TI  - In vivo synthesis of histidine by a cloned histidine ammonia-lyase in Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - Histidine ammonia-lyase catalyzes the first step in histidine catabolism, the
      deamination of histidine to urocanate and ammonia. In vitro experiments have
      shown that histidine ammonia-lyase also can catalyze the reverse (amination)
      reaction, histidine synthesis, relatively efficiently under extreme reaction
      conditions (4 M NH4OH, pH 10). An Escherichia coli hisB deletion strain was
      transformed with a pBR322 derivative plasmid (pCB101) containing the entire
      Klebsiella aerogenes histidine utilization (hut) operon to determine whether the
      catabolic histidine ammonia-lyase could function biosynthetically in vivo to
      satisfy the histidine auxotrophy. Although the initial construct did not grow on
      media containing urocanate and ammonia as a source of histidine, spontaneous
      mutants possessing this ability were isolated. Four mutants characterized grew at
      doubling times of 4 h compared with 1 h when histidine was present, suggesting
      that histidine synthesis, although unequivocally present, remained growth
      limiting. Each mutant contained a plasmid-encoded mutation which eliminated
      urocanase activity, the second enzyme in the Hut catabolic pathway. This genetic
      block led to the accumulation of high intracellular levels of urocanate, which
      was subsequently converted to histidine via histidine ammonia-lyase, thus
      satisfying the histidine auxotrophic requirement.

PMID- 3884602
TI  - Secondary structure of human leukocyte interferon from Raman spectroscopy.
AB  - Raman spectra were taken of human alpha (leukocyte) interferon subtype A (HuIFN
      alpha A) purified from extracts of transformed Escherichia coli. Quantitative
      analysis of the conformationally sensitive amide I band indicates that IFN
      (interferon)-alpha A is 75 +/- 5% helical and 7 +/- 4% beta-strand. An
      independent analysis of the amide III spectrum indicates 71 +/- 5% helix and 10
      +/- 6% beta-strand. These results differ with a recently proposed three
      dimensional model based on secondary structure predictions derived from sequence
      and with circular dichroism measurements. The Raman spectrum of IFN-alpha A is
      compared with the spectra of several other helical proteins: hemerythrin,
      intestinal calcium-binding protein, melittin, and insulin.

PMID- 3884603
TI  - Effects of monensin on insulin processing in adipocytes. Evidence that the
      internalized insulin-receptor complex has some physiological activities.
AB  - In the presence of 10-100 microM monensin (a monovalent cation ionophore), a
      considerable amount of 125I activity of iodoinsulin accumulated in isolated rat
      epididymal adipocytes during a 30-min incubation. The accumulation was secondary
      to the action of monensin to inhibit dissociation of a certain fraction of the
      cellbound 125I activity. This monensin effect was reversible. The accumulation of
      125I activity was ATP dependent and so was the discharge of the accumulated
      radioactivity. Approximately 91% of the accumulated radio-activity was
      precipitable with trichloroacetic acid, and at least 84% was reactive to anti
      insulin antibody. Monensin at 100 microM appeared to have only mild effects on
      the cellular activities of glucose transport and cAMP phosphodiesterase.
      Nevertheless, when cells were first exposed to 10 nM insulin in the presence of
      100 microM monensin and then transferred into a hormone-free buffer that
      contained monensin, the phosphodiesterase activity in cells remained partially
      activated as if cells were kept exposed to approximately 0.5 nM insulin. Under
      similar conditions, glucose transport activity remained partially activated as if
      cells were incubated with approximately 70 pM insulin. Monensin did not inhibit
      the reversal of the insulin effect per se. Like monensin, 20-100 microM
      chloroquine (a lysosomotropic inhibitor) induced a considerable accumulation of
      [125I] iodoinsulin. However, cells that had been exposed to insulin in the
      presence of chloroquine retained little hormonal effect after washing. Based on
      these observations and on the reported biological effects of monensin, it is
      suggested (a) that monensin may induce intracellular accumulation of the insulin
      receptor complex by blocking the acidification of endocytic vesicles and (b) that
      the accumulated insulin-receptor complex may retain a weak, but significant,
      capacity to stimulate both glucose transport and phosphodiesterase activities.

PMID- 3884604
TI  - The Escherichia coli adenylate cyclase complex. Stimulation by potassium and
      phosphate.
AB  - In Escherichia coli, adenylate cyclase activity in toluene-treated cells can be
      inhibited by glucose while the activity in a broken cell preparation cannot.
      Adenylate cyclase activity in the permeabilized but not in broken cells is
      stimulated somewhat specifically and additively by potassium and phosphate.
      Kinetic studies show sigmoid substrate-velocity curves for the toluene-treated
      cells but hyperbolic curves for the broken cells. The stimulatory effects of
      potassium and phosphate on adenylate cyclase activity in tolulene-treated cells
      are associated with increases in the Vmax and Km for ATP. While the enzyme
      activity in toluene-treated cells shows a preference for magnesium over
      manganese, the reverse is observed in broken cells. Stimulation of adenylate
      cyclase activity in toluene-treated cells requires the presence of the proteins
      of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS). The PTS
      proteins can be phosphorylated in a P-enolpyruvate-dependent reaction. The
      stimulatory effects of ions will not occur if the PTS proteins are not
      phosphorylated. Since potassium phosphate stimulates both adenylate cyclase and
      PTS activities in toluene-treated cells, it is proposed that the effect of
      potassium phosphate on adenylate cyclase activity is mediated through an effect
      on the PTS. A model for dual regulation by glucose of adenylate cyclase activity
      is proposed. This model involves regulation of both the condition of the PTS
      proteins as well as the cellular concentration of phosphate.

PMID- 3884605
TI  - Rapid kinetics of Ca2+-induced fusion of
      phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylethanolamine vesicles. The effect of bilayer
      curvature on leakage.
AB  - We have employed both small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) and large unilamellar
      vesicles formed by the reverse phase evaporation technique (REV) to study the
      initial kinetics of membrane aggregation and fusion. Stopped flow measurements of
      the calcium-induced changes in the turbidity of SUV and REV, formed from 1:1
      (mol/mol) mixtures of bovine phosphatidylserine (PS) and Escherichia coli
      phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), were used to follow particle aggregation.
      Simultaneous measurements of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer from N-(7
      nitro2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl) (NBD)-PE to rhodamine (Rho)-PE incorporated into
      the vesicle bilayers established that 1) both initial aggregation and fusion can
      be described as a bimolecular process and 2) the rate-limiting step of membrane
      fusion is aggregation. Thus fusion takes place in the microsecond time domain.
      Parallel experiments, which simultaneously measured aggregation and the
      dequenching of encapsulated carboxyfluorescein (CF) in the presence and absence
      of antifluorescein antibodies in the suspension medium, established that the
      small unilamellar vesicles rapidly lose their contents of CF as they fuse. On the
      other hand, the first few cycles of fusion of the large unilamellar vesicles are
      nonleaky, but leakage develops within 1-2 s as the particles grow in size. Thus
      the results demonstrate that the SUV are poor models for the study of nonleaky
      fusion, while the REV must be carefully tested before unambiguous interpretation
      of fusion assays involving the formation of tight complexes (such as the terbium
      dipicolinic assay) can be made. NBD-PE undergoes very rapid, Ca2+-promoted
      changes in quantum yield which can obscure the resonance energy transfer signals.
      Thus data from the NBD-PE/Rho-PE energy transfer pair must be carefully
      scrutinized for artifacts.

PMID- 3884606
TI  - Stoichiometric translocation of adipocyte insulin receptors from the cell-surface
      to the cell-interior. Studies using a novel method to rapidly remove detergent
      and concentrate soluble receptors.
AB  - A rapid one-step method was developed for harvesting and concentrating insulin
      receptors from solubilized adipocytes, which entails precipitating soluble
      receptors with polyethylene glycol and resuspending the receptor-containing
      pellet in a reduced volume of binding buffer. With this procedure 90-100% of
      receptors were recovered, while 80% of cellular protein was removed, thus
      resulting in a marked reduction of both ligand and receptor proteases and about a
      5-fold purification of the receptor. More importantly, greater than 98% of the
      Triton X-100 detergent was removed during this procedure so that the reduced
      receptor affinity observed in solubilized extracts (due to detergent) was
      restored to normal. Reconstituted receptors exhibited normal binding
      characteristics similar to those observed for plasma membrane receptors. The
      general utility of our receptor precipitation-reconstitution method is
      highlighted by studies on insulin-induced translocation of receptors from the
      cell-surface to the cell-interior of adipocytes and studies on the assessment of
      the binding affinity of nascent intracellular receptors. The results of these
      studies are consistent with the following. 1) Insulin initiates endocytotic
      uptake of insulin receptors, which then recycle back to the cell-surface. 2)
      Chloroquine impairs the recycling of internalized receptors while preventing
      receptor degradation, resulting in the progressive trapping and accumulation of
      receptors within cells during insulin treatment. 3) Receptor translocation during
      acute insulin-induced down-regulation is stoichiometric in that receptors lost
      from the cell-surface can be quantitatively recovered within the cell-interior.
      4) In the absence of ligand, these receptors within adipocytes are mainly newly
      synthesized receptors enroute to the cell-surface, and they possess an affinity
      similar, if not identical, to mature receptors on the plasma membrane.

PMID- 3884607
TI  - Kinetics of insulin receptor internalization and recycling in adipocytes.
      Shunting of receptors to a degradative pathway by inhibitors of recycling.
AB  - The kinetics of receptor internalization and recycling was directly determined in
      adipocytes by measuring 125I-insulin binding to total, intracellular, and cell
      surface insulin receptors. In the absence of insulin 90% of all receptors were on
      the cell-surface and 10% were intracellular. Insulin (100 ng/ml) rapidly altered
      this distribution by translocating surface receptors to the cell-interior through
      a temperature and energy dependent process. Surface-derived receptors were seen
      within cells as early as 30 s and accumulated intracellularly at the rate of
      approximately 20,000/min (t 1/2 = 2.7 min). After 6 min the size of the
      intracellular receptor pool plateaued (for up to 2 h), with 30% of surface
      receptors residing within the cell. This plateau was due to the attainment of an
      equilibrium between receptor uptake and recycling, since removal of insulin (to
      stop receptor uptake) was followed by both a rapid depletion of intracellular
      receptors and a a concomitant and stoichiometric reappearance of receptors on the
      cell-surface. Receptors were efficiently recycled, with little or no net loss
      observed even after 4 h of insulin treatment; however, recycling could be
      partially inhibited (approximately 10%) by several agents (e.g. chloroquine and
      Tris). Tris treatment of adipocytes in the presence of insulin led to 50% loss of
      surface and total receptors at 2 and 4 h, respectively. Since chloroquine
      prevented the decrease in total receptors, but not the loss of surface receptors,
      it appears that Tris impairs recycling by diverting a portion of incoming
      receptors to a chloroquine-inhibitable degradative site. From these results we
      conclude that: 1) insulin triggers endocytotic uptake of insulin-receptor
      complexes; 2) internalized receptors are then rapidly reinserted into the plasma
      membrane, and the receptors can traverse this recycling pathway within 6 min; 3)
      prolonged recycling does not normally result in measurable receptor loss, but
      when receptors are prevented from recycling, they become trapped intracellularly
      and are shunted to a chloroquine-sensitive degradative pathway; and 4)
      chloroquine and Tris are only partially effective inhibitors of receptor
      recycling.

PMID- 3884608
TI  - Characterization of distinct tyrosine-specific protein kinases in B and T
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Lymphocyte membrane fractions from both normal and neoplastic sources exhibit
      tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity. The molecular weights of the
      endogenous substrates phosphorylated on tyrosine residues differ in B and T
      cells. To further characterize membrane tyrosine phosphorylation in the two major
      classes of lymphocytes, the tryptic phosphopeptides of their endogenous
      substrates were compared and the sensitivity of the kinases to inhibition by N
      alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) was determined. The two major B
      cell substrates (61,000 and 55,000 daltons, p61 and p55) were gel purified after
      phosphorylation and exhaustively digested with trypsin. Separation by reverse
      phase high pressure liquid chromatography demonstrated that these two substrates
      had two identical phosphotyrosine containing tryptic phosphopeptides. p61 had an
      additional phosphotyrosine site. Parallel analysis of the two T cell substrates
      (64,000 and 58,000 daltons, p64 and p58) showed that they also contained two
      phosphotyrosine sites that were identical. However, the tryptic phosphopeptides
      from the B and T cell substrate pairs were clearly distinct suggesting that they
      arise from different gene products. When B and T cell membrane fractions were
      preincubated with TLCK (21 degrees C, 30 min) a dose-dependent decrease in p64
      and p58 phosphorylation resulted. p61 and p55 phosphorylation was not affected at
      concentrations up to 10 mM TLCK. Tyrosine-specific kinase activity was also
      assessed by measuring phosphorylation of a tyrosine containing synthetic peptide.
      The kinase activity of T cell plasma membrane fractions was inhibited by TLCK;
      the B cell activity was unaffected. The results suggest that membrane fractions
      from normal and some neoplastic B and T cells have at least two different
      tyrosine-specific kinases.

PMID- 3884609
TI  - Maturation and secretion of lipoprotein lipase in cultured adipose cells. I.
      Intracellular activation of the enzyme.
AB  - The intracellular pathway and the activation of lipoprotein lipase have been
      examined in differentiated Ob17 cells. These adipose cells were previously shown
      to secrete lipoprotein lipase during exposure to heparin. Treatment of the cells
      with cycloheximide and heparin leads to enzyme depletion, as shown by activity
      measurement and immunofluorescence microscopy. The repletion phase has been
      studied in the presence of monensin or carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone,
      ionophores known to affect the intracellular transport of membrane and secretory
      proteins. Monensin-treated cells synthesize fully active lipoprotein lipase.
      Under these conditions the antigen accumulates in the Golgi apparatus and the
      heparin-stimulated enzyme release is extensively reduced. Carbonyl cyanide m
      chlorophenylhydrazone-treated cells do not contain any enzyme activity but show
      detectable antigen which accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum. Competition
      for binding to immobilized anti-lipoprotein lipase antibodies of mature and
      endoplasmic reticulum-sequestered antigens is observed. Carbonyl cyanide m
      chlorophenylhydrazone removal is rapidly followed by a transient burst of enzyme
      activity and a redistribution of the antigen in the different subcellular
      compartments. Therefore, the results show that the activation of lipoprotein
      lipase is an intracellular event taking place after the enzyme exits from the
      endoplasmic reticulum and before it reaches the trans-Golgi cisternae.

PMID- 3884610
TI  - Membrane-bound mRNAs are recruited from preinitiated ribonucleoprotein particles
      in injected Xenopus oocytes.
AB  - Messenger RNA injected Xenopus oocytes exhibit a differential capacity for
      translation. mRNAs translated in the free cytoplasm are translated efficiently
      whereas mRNAs translated on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) membrane are
      translated inefficiently. If mRNA injected oocytes are injected additionally with
      proteins isolated from the RER, enhanced translation of RER-bound mRNAs is
      observed. When examined by sucrose gradient centrifugation and RNA dot blots,
      most of the injected RER-bound mRNA sediments less than or equal to the 80 S
      monosome. The RER proteins recruit these preinitiated mRNAs onto polysomes as
      evidenced by a shift in sedimentation to the polysome region of a sucrose
      gradient. When examined by immunoblotting, the RER proteins are shown to contain
      a protein which reacts specifically with an antibody directed against docking
      protein (SRP-receptor protein). However, this putative docking protein does not
      appear to be the protein which actually recruits the preinitiated mRNAs onto
      polysomes.

PMID- 3884611
TI  - An endogenous substrate for the insulin receptor-associated tyrosine kinase.
AB  - Insulin binding to its receptor stimulates a tyrosine-specific protein kinase.
      This enzyme phosphorylates the insulin receptor, as well as a variety of
      exogenous substrates in vitro. In the present studies, we have identified an
      endogenous substrate for the insulin receptor-associated kinase. We studied
      insulin-stimulated protein phosphorylation in partially purified insulin receptor
      preparations from the livers of dexamethasone-treated rats. In this cell-free
      system, insulin stimulated the phosphorylation of its own receptor as well as of
      a phosphoprotein of apparent Mr = 120,000 (termed pp120). pp120 was not
      immunoprecipitated by three anti-receptor antisera, nor was the receptor
      immunoprecipitated by antisera raised against pp120, suggesting that pp120 is not
      antigenically related or tightly bound to the insulin receptor. Dose-response
      curves for receptor and pp120 phosphorylation stimulated by pork insulin were
      essentially identical, and showed the appropriate specificity (insulin much
      greater than proinsulin) for a receptor-mediated event. Phosphoamino acid
      analysis revealed that insulin stimulated the incorporation of 32P predominantly
      into tyrosine residues of pp120. Casein, an artificial substrate for the insulin
      receptor kinase, competed with pp120 for insulin-stimulated phosphorylation.
      Phosphorylation of pp120 was rapid (half-maximal effect within 2 min at 24
      degrees C) and, like receptor phosphorylation, was supported with Mn2+ or Mg2+ as
      divalent cation and ATP as the phosphate donor. While receptor
      autophosphorylation and artificial substrate phosphorylation were not altered by
      prior treatment of the rats with dexamethasone, insulin-stimulated pp120
      phosphorylation was enhanced in preparations derived from dexamethasone-treated
      rats, suggesting an alteration of pp120, not the receptor, as a result of
      dexamethasone-treatment. Further studies of this newly identified endogenous
      substrate may help clarify the physiologic role of the insulin receptor
      associated kinase.

PMID- 3884612
TI  - Painful piezogenic heel papules. A case report.

PMID- 3884613
TI  - Late esophageal perforation from an autogenous bone graft. Report of a case.

PMID- 3884614
TI  - Biological factors predisposing to traumatic posterior dislocation of the hip. A
      selection process in the mechanism of injury.
AB  - The factors involved in the mechanism leading to traumatic posterior dislocation
      of the hip are examined. In 47 adult patients who had previously suffered such a
      dislocation, ultrasound scans were used to measure femoral anteversion on both
      the affected and the uninjured side. In 36 normal adult volunteers, used as
      controls, similar measurements were made. Femoral anteversion on both the injured
      and uninjured side was significantly reduced in the patients compared with the
      volunteers. These findings are discussed in the light of previous work which
      indicates that medial rotation is a factor in the mechanism of posterior
      dislocation of the hip. It is suggested that reduced anteversion acts like medial
      rotation to make the hip more susceptible to posterior dislocation, and that the
      less the anteversion the more likely is the injury to be a dislocation rather
      than a fracture-dislocation. It is concluded that patients who suffer such
      dislocated hips belong at one extreme of the normal population, having either
      reduced femoral anteversion or even retroversion, and that this anatomical
      feature selects towards hip dislocation rather than to injury of the femoral
      shaft, knee or tibia during the appropriate type of accident.

PMID- 3884615
TI  - Stiffness after fractures around the knee in spina bifida.
AB  - A study was made of knee stiffness after fractures around the knee in patients
      with spina bifida. Thirty-one patients with 45 fractures were followed up for 2
      to 15 years after the fracture. Knee stiffness was found in 67% of patients; this
      amounted to loss of up to half the normal range of movement. The stiffness
      appeared at two months from the time of the fracture and was established by six
      months. However, in all patients it had resolved by three years, so that their
      mobility was not affected in the long term. It is concluded that though stiffness
      is common after fractures in patients with spina bifida, it should be treated
      expectantly as it will resolve within three years without specific treatment.

PMID- 3884616
TI  - Excision of the clavicle. A review of the nineteenth-century literature.
AB  - Reports of excision of the clavicle in the nineteenth century literature are
      reviewed, and certain operative complications discussed. Osteomyelitis was the
      most common indication, and was described first in this country by Syme in 1833.
      The first successful excision of the entire clavicle was performed by McCreary of
      Kentucky in 1813. The removal of tumour-bearing clavicles provided memorable
      challenges at a time when anaesthetics were not available, blood transfusion
      unknown and antibiotic therapy non-existent.

PMID- 3884617
TI  - Focal splenic disease demonstrated by ultrasound and computed tomography.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with focal splenic disease were analyzed retrospectively to
      determine the relative strengths and weaknesses of ultrasound and computed
      tomography (CT) in the detection and analysis of focal splenic lesions. Lesions
      were detected in all 25 patients by ultrasonography and in 22 of 25 patients by
      CT. Ultrasonography appears to be more sensitive in the detection of focal
      lymphoma within the spleen and may be slightly more sensitive in the detection of
      microabscesses. CT may offer more specific information regarding the nature of
      certain lesions, including the detection of cyst wall calcification, gas within
      an abscess, and the specific site of origin of tumor invading the spleen.
      Ultrasonography may at times be more specific in the diagnosis of cystic lesions.
      We recommend ultrasonography as the first method for splenic imaging with CT used
      when necessary for further characterization of focal lesions.

PMID- 3884618
TI  - Computed tomography and ultrasonography in splenic infarction.
AB  - The computed tomographic (CT) findings in eight patients with splenic infarction
      are described and correlated with ultrasound (US) in three. The diagnosis was
      proven in four by splenectomy or autopsy, in three by comparison with CT, having
      been obtained shortly before infarction, and in two by angiography. In four
      patients the infarct occurred as a result of hepatic or splenic artery
      embolization. The CT features of infarction may be difficult to differentiate
      from those due to trauma, inflammation or tumor, and include either a diffuse, a
      well circumscribed or an irregularly marginated area of low density within the
      spleen. Classical wedge-shaped defects are occasionally seen in the periphery of
      spleen. The ultrasonographic feature is usually that of a hypoechoic or an
      anechoic area in the spleen. In one patient, it became necessary to perform an
      ultrasound guided aspiration biopsy to rule out splenic abscess.

PMID- 3884619
TI  - Hepatic rupture in preeclampsia: the role of diagnostic imaging.
AB  - The diagnosis of hepatic rupture in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension
      (preeclampsia and eclampsia) is rarely made preoperatively. Diagnostic imaging
      can be utilized in some patients to confirm the preoperative diagnosis. Since
      hematoma formation precedes hepatic rupture, then, when diagnostic modalities
      such as sonography and computed tomography identify patients with hematomas,
      these patients are at risk of rupture, and should be hospitalized until the
      hematomas resolve.

PMID- 3884620
TI  - Oblique positioning for intravenous digital subtraction angiography images of the
      neck and head.
AB  - Oblique intravenous digital subtraction arteriography (IV-DSA) images of the neck
      were centered high to include the carotid bifurcations and siphons on one view in
      80 consecutive patients being investigated for cerebral vascular atherosclerosis.
      Using a 27 cm image intensifier, these two important areas for atherosclerotic
      involvement were seen together on 68.1% of the images. In 25.6% of the images,
      the centering was too low to include the siphons on the film due to incorrect
      interpretation of facial anatomy on the oblique scout view. Careful attention to
      anatomic detail will allow correct centering in most patients. This will allow
      the bifurcations and siphons to be seen in profile together, thereby decreasing
      the number of film runs needed and the contrast volume given.

PMID- 3884621
TI  - Coarctation proximal to both subclavian arteries in an adult: diagnosis by
      intravenous digital subtraction angiography.
AB  - Severe coarctation proximal to both subclavian arteries, a rare entity previously
      reported only once in an adult, was successfully diagnosed preoperatively using
      intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The significance of this rare
      condition and the value of intravenous DSA for aortography in a patient with no
      peripheral pulses is discussed.

PMID- 3884622
TI  - The inadvertent CT demonstration of intussusception.
AB  - We report a patient with idiopathic ceco-colic intussusception diagnosed by
      computed tomography (CT). Due to an unusual set of circumstances, the accepted
      algorithm of diagnostic investigations was not followed. This led to the
      inadvertent CT demonstration of an intussusception in an adult as a thick-walled
      mass containing a multiplicity of barium and gas-filled loops.

PMID- 3884623
TI  - A pseudo-choledocal cyst.
AB  - A four-year-old boy presented with a history of intermittent obstructive
      jaundice. Investigation and surgical exploration revealed an abnormal
      configuration of the biliary tree which, to our knowledge, has never been
      otherwise reported.

PMID- 3884624
TI  - Primary osteosarcoma of kidney with liposarcomatous elements.
AB  - Extraosseous osteogenic sarcomas are unusual tumors that are seldom diagnosed.
      Although primary renal osteogenic sarcoma has been reported, and is described in
      the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology fascicle, most clinicians are unaware of
      its existence. We describe a patient with this disease to remind clinicians of
      this tumor, its presentation and rapid evolution.

PMID- 3884625
TI  - Improved renal function after renal artery revascularization.
AB  - An experience with 20 patients with renovascular hypertension and renal
      insufficiency secondary to renal artery stenosis is presented. The mean follow-up
      was 29 months. Eighteen patients had atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis and
      two patients had transplant renal artery stenosis. The mean preoperative blood
      pressure of 162 +/- 5 mmHg decreased significantly to 105 +/- 2 mm Hg (p less
      than 0.001). The serum creatinine also decreased from a mean preoperative level
      of 4.7 +/- 0.7 mg/dl to a mean postoperative level of 2.3 +/- 0.3 mg/dl (p less
      than 0.001). Similarly, the creatinine clearance improved from a mean
      preoperative level of 28 +/- 2 ml /min to a mean postoperative level of 45 +/- 8
      ml/min (p less than 0.03). Four patients (20%) with improved renal function died
      from 4 days to 15 months postoperatively. Two patients (10%) have progressed to
      end stage renal disease. These findings demonstrate that renal revascularization
      is clearly beneficial in the short-term and long-term improvement of renal
      function.

PMID- 3884626
TI  - Physiologic anatomy of the palmar circulation in 200 normal hands.
AB  - The functional capacity of the Superficial Palmar Arch (SPA) was evaluated in 200
      normal hands by a non-invasive narrow beam ultrasonic technique. Peak systolic
      velocity of flow with radial artery occlusion increased in all SPAs except for 22
      (11%) which were considered incomplete. Ulnar artery occlusion resulted in a more
      variable response including 89 (45%) SPAs with bidirectional flow. SPA blood flow
      is complex but understandable in terms of hand blood flow and vascular bed
      resistance. The use of tobacco does not increase the incidence of incomplete
      SPAs.

PMID- 3884627
TI  - Enhancement of myocardial energy potentials in man by glucose-insulin treatment
      before and after ischaemic heart arrest.
AB  - Thirty-six patients undergoing aortic valve replacement were investigated to
      ascertain whether the addition of glucose-insulin before and after ischaemic
      heart arrest could aid to the functional recovery of hearts following global
      ischaemia. One group of patients (n = 14) received glucose plus insulin from the
      onset of anaesthesia until crossclamping of the aorta (1 g + 1.5 U/kg bw X h). A
      second dose (0.5 g + 1.0 U/kg bw) was given at the end of ischaemia. 22 patients,
      serving as control received glucose in the same manner but without insulin.
      Needle biopsies from the left ventricular apex region were obtained: before
      starting cardiopulmonary bypass; at the end of ischaemia; and after 10 minutes of
      reperfusion and analyzed for its content of ATP, CP ADP and lactate. In both
      groups ATP and CP were significantly decreased after ischaemia and increased
      after reperfusion. ADP and lactate levels were elevated after ischaemia and
      decreased after reperfusion in the insulin-group but not in the control-group.
      During the total investigation period ATP- and CP-concentrations in the insulin
      group were higher compared to the control-group, whereas ADP and lactate of the
      control-group were above the insulin-group.

PMID- 3884628
TI  - In memoriam J. B. Kinmonth (9 May 1916-16 September 1982).

PMID- 3884629
TI  - Lymphoedema: pathophysiology and classification.
AB  - This paper reviews current knowledge and hypotheses about the physiology of lymph
      production and lymph flow and the aetiology and classification of lymphoedema.
      One of the earlier contributions in the 1930's by Allen suggested that primary
      lymphoedema was caused by congenital underdevelopment of lymph vessels. At that
      time he described two clinical varieties (congenital and praecox) but later
      suggested a further subdivision into inflammatory and non-inflammatory types of
      lymphoedema. Kinmonth in 1957 produced the first clinical classification dividing
      all cases into primary or secondary lymphoedema but at that time gave no
      indication as to the cause of the primary variety. In the 1950's Kinmonth also
      developed a radiological classification which has contributed considerably to our
      knowledge of the anatomical abnormalities of the lymphatic system in primary
      lymphoedema. However, despite the widespread use of Kinmonth's classification the
      lymphographic appearances in primary lymphoedema give little or no clue to the
      aetiology of the disease process. The aetiology of primary lymphoedema is not
      known. There are various descriptive classifications based on age of onset and
      radiological findings for instance, but none attempts to explain the
      pathophysiology of the disease. We have therefore described our current knowledge
      of the known physiology and the potential abnormalities of the collection and
      passage of lymph from the interstitial space to the blood system. Based on this
      we have presented a simple classification of the aetiology of lymphoedema. Thus
      primary lymphoedema may be defined as lymphoedema caused by a primary abnormality
      or disease of the lymph conducting elements of the lymph vessels or lymph nodes.
      Secondary lymphoedema is oedema caused by disease in the nodes or vessels that
      began elsewhere (e.g., neoplasia or filariasis), or lymphocytic proliferative
      disorders such as Hodgkin's disease or following surgical extirpation of lymph
      nodes or vessels. There are three groups of primary lymphoedema in which the
      functional abnormality and its cause are known; namely (a) large vessel
      abnormalities such as congenital aplasia of the thoracic duct or cysterna chyli,
      (b) congenital lymphatic valvular incompetence or congenital aplasia and (c)
      lymph node fibrosis. The remainder are characterised by a reduced number of
      lymphatics on lymphography. Such patients can be described as having obliterated
      lymphatics. If they present within a few years of birth they were probably born
      with too few lymphatics. However, those who present later in life may have
      acquired obliterative disease, the cause of which is still obscure.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3884630
TI  - Subcellular localization of creatine kinase in Torpedo electrocytes: association
      with acetylcholine receptor-rich membranes.
AB  - Creatine kinase (CK, EC 2.7.3.2) has recently been identified as the intermediate
      isoelectric point species (pl 6.5-6.8) of the Mr 40,000-43,000 nonreceptor,
      peripheral v-proteins in Torpedo marmorata acetylcholine receptor-rich membranes
      (Barrantes, F. J., G. Mieskes, and T. Wallimann, 1983, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
      USA, 80: 5440-5444). In the present study, this finding is substantiated at the
      cellular and subcellular level of the T. marmorata electric organ by
      immunofluorescence and by protein A-gold labeling of either ultrathin
      cryosections of electrocytes or purified receptor-membrane vesicles that use
      subunit-specific anti-chicken creatine kinase antibodies. The muscle form of the
      kinase, on the one hand, is present throughout the entire T. marmorata
      electrocyte except in the nuclei. The brain form of the kinase, on the other
      hand, is predominantly located on the ventral, innervated face of the
      electrocyte, where it is closely associated with both surfaces of the
      postsynaptic membrane, and secondarily in the synaptic vesicles at the
      presynaptic terminal. Labeling of the noninnervated dorsal membrane is observed
      at the invaginated sac system. In the case of purified acetylcholine receptor
      rich membranes, antibodies specific for chicken B-CK label only one face of the
      isolated vesicles. No immunoreaction is observed with anti-chicken M-CK
      antibodies. A discussion follows on the possible implications of these
      localizations of creatine kinase in connection with the function of the
      acetylcholine receptor at the postsynaptic membrane, the Na/K ATPase at the
      dorsal electrocyte membrane, and the ATP-dependent transmitter release at the
      nerve ending.

PMID- 3884631
TI  - Development of cell surface linkage complexes in cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - The possible role of a 140K membrane-associated protein complex (140K) in
      fibronectin-cytoskeleton associations has been examined. The 140K was identified
      by the monoclonal antibody JG22E. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to the
      140K showed identical patterns of binding to the cell membranes of fixed and
      permeabilized chicken embryonic fibroblasts; localization was diffuse, but with
      marked concentration in cell-to-extracellular matrix contact sites. Correlative
      localization with interference reflection microscopy and double-label or triple
      label immunofluorescence showed that 140K co-distributed with extracellular
      fibronectin fibrils and intracellular alpha-actinin in microfilament bundles at
      extracellular matrix contact sites but tended not to co-localize with tropomyosin
      present in bundles at sites farther from adhesion sites. In addition, binding of
      antibodies to 140K, alpha-actinin, and fibronectin was excluded from vinculin
      rich focal adhesion sites at the cellular periphery. A progressive development of
      cell surface alpha-actinin-140K-fibronectin associations was observed in early
      spreading cells. The anti-140K monoclonal antibody JG22E inhibited the attachment
      and spreading of both normal and Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chicken embryonic
      fibroblasts to a fibronectin substratum. However, the anti-140K monoclonal
      antibody became a positive mediator of cell attachment and spreading if it was
      adsorbed or cross-linked to the substratum. Our results provide the first
      description of a membrane-associated protein complex that co-localizes with
      fibronectin and microfilament bundles, and they suggest that the 140K complex may
      be part of a cell surface linkage between fibronectin and the cytoskeleton.

PMID- 3884632
TI  - Identification of rat hepatocyte plasma membrane proteins using monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - We have localized and identified five rat hepatocyte plasma membrane proteins
      using hybridoma technology in combination with morphological and biochemical
      methods. Three different membrane preparations were used as immunogens: isolated
      hepatocytes, a preparation of plasma membrane sheets that contained all three
      recognizable surface domains of the intact hepatocyte (sinusoidal, lateral, and
      bile canalicular), and a glycoprotein subfraction of that plasma membrane
      preparation. We selected monoclonal IgGs that were hepatocyte specific and
      localized them using both immunofluorescence on 0.5-micron sections of frozen
      liver and immunoperoxidase at the ultrastructural level. One antigen (HA 4) was
      localized predominantly to the bile canalicular surface, whereas three (CE 9, HA
      21, and HA 116) were localized predominantly to the lateral and sinusoidal
      surfaces. One antigen (HA 16) was present in all three domains. Only one antigen
      (HA 116) could be detected in intracellular structures both in the periphery of
      the cell and in the Golgi region. The antigens were all integral membrane
      proteins as judged by their stability to alkaline extraction and solubility in
      detergents. The apparent molecular weights of the antigens were established by
      immunoprecipitation and/or immunoblotting. In a related study (Bartles, J.R.,
      L.T. Braiterman, and A.L. Hubbard, 1985, J. Cell. Biol., 100:1126-1138), we
      present biochemical confirmation of the domain-specific localizations for two of
      the antigens, HA 4 and CE 9, and demonstrate their suitability as endogenous
      domain markers for monitoring the separation of bile canalicular and sinusoidal
      lateral membrane on sucrose density gradients.

PMID- 3884633
TI  - Crystallization of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex within thylakoid
      membranes.
AB  - We have found that treatment of the photosynthetic membranes of green plants, or
      thylakoids, with the nonionic detergent Triton X-114 at a 10:1 ratio has three
      effects: (a) photosystem I and coupling factor are solubilized, so that the
      membranes retain only photosystem II (PS II) and its associated light-harvesting
      apparatus (LHC-II); (b) LHC-II is crystallized, and so is removed from its normal
      association with PS II; and (c) LHC-II crystallization causes a characteristic
      red shift in the 77 degrees K fluorescence from LHC-II. Treatment of thylakoids
      with the same detergent at a 20:1 ratio results in an equivalent loss of
      photosystem I and coupling factor, with LHC-II and PS II being retained by the
      membranes. However, no LHC-II crystals are formed, nor is there a shift in
      fluorescence. Thus, isolation of a membrane protein is not required for its
      crystallization, but the conditions of detergent treatment are critical.
      Membranes with crystallized LHC-II retain tetrameric particles on their surface
      but have no recognizable stromal fracture face. We have proposed a model to
      explain these results: LHC-II is normally found within the stromal half of the
      membrane bilayer and is reoriented during the crystallization process. This
      reorientation causes the specific fluorescence changes associated with
      crystallization. Tetrameric particles, which are not changed in any way by the
      crystallization process, do not consist of LHC-II complexes. PS II appears to be
      the only other major complex retained by these membranes, which suggests that the
      tetramers consist of PS II.

PMID- 3884635
TI  - Induction of differentiation in human myeloid leukemic cells by proteolytic
      enzymes.
AB  - Exogenous serine proteases were found to induce differentiation in human myeloid
      leukemic cells from either in vitro established long-term cell lines or in
      primary cultures of cells derived directly from patients with acute myeloid
      leukemia. Exposure of the human promyelocytic cell line HL-60 to trypsin,
      chymotrypsin, or elastase induced the appearance, within 3-6 days, of
      neutrophilic granulocytes defined by their morphology, their ability to reduce
      nitroblue tetrazolium, and their efficient phagocytosis of latex particles. Upon
      further incubation monocyte-like cells appeared. While these cells developed into
      fully mature macrophages other types of cells disappeared and on day 12 the
      culture consisted of a pure macrophage population. The inducing effect could be
      observed when the enzyme was presented alone, whereas a synergistic effect was
      noted when the protease was added in the presence of subthreshold concentrations
      of chemicals known to induce differentiation in this cell line such as
      dimethylsulfoxide, retinoic acid, butyric acid, or hexamethylene bisacetamide.
      Optimal induction of differentiation by trypsin required a 48 hr continuous
      exposure to the enzyme. When the protease was removed earlier no appreciable
      differentiation was noticed. The protease-induced differentiation involved a
      direct interaction with the cells and was not due to a proteolytic cleavage of a
      serum component because it could be obtained in serum-free cultures. The
      enzymatic activity of the protease was needed for its effect on cell maturation:
      Addition of protease inhibitors such as soybean-trypsin inhibitor or trasylol
      completely blocked differentiation induced by the proteases but had no effect on
      differentiation induced by the other inducers. It is still to be determined
      whether a proteolytic process is a general molecular event in cell
      differentiation or induction by chemicals involves a mechanism different from
      that initiated by exogenous proteases.

PMID- 3884634
TI  - Distributions of vimentin and desmin in developing chick myotubes in vivo. II.
      Immunoelectron microscopic study.
AB  - The distribution of the intermediate filament proteins vimentin and desmin in
      developing and mature myotubes in vivo was studied by single and double
      immunoelectron microscopic labeling of ultrathin frozen sections of iliotibialis
      muscle in 7-21-d-old chick embryos, and neonatal and 1-d-old postnatal chicks.
      This work is an extension of our previous immunofluorescence studies of the same
      system (Tokuyasu, K. T., P. A. Maher and S. J. Singer, 1984, J. Cell Biol.,
      98:1961-1972). In immature myotubes of 7-11-d embryos, significant labeling for
      desmin and vimentin was found only in intermediate filaments, and these proteins
      coexisted in the same individual filaments. Each of the two proteins was present
      in irregular clusters along the entire length of a filament. No exclusively
      vimentin- or desmin-containing filaments were observed at this stage. In the
      early myotubes, the intermediate filaments were essentially all longitudinally
      oriented, even when they contained three times as much desmin as vimentin. No
      special relationship was recognized between the dispositions of the filaments and
      the organization of the myofibrils. Occasionally, several myofibrils were already
      aligned in lateral registry at this early stage, but labeling for desmin and
      vimentin was largely absent at the level of the Z bands. Instead, the Z bands
      appeared to be covered by elements of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The confinement
      of intermediate filaments to the level of the Z bands occurred in the myotubes of
      later embryos after the extensive lateral registry of the Z bands. Thus,
      intermediate filaments are unlikely to play a primary role in producing the
      lateral registration of myofibrils during myogenesis, but may be important in
      determining the polarization of the early myotube and the alignment of its
      organelles. Throughout the development of myotubes, desmin and vimentin remained
      in the form of intermediate filaments, although the number of filaments per unit
      volume of myotube appeared to be reduced as myofibrils increased in number in
      maturing myotubes. This observation indicated that the transverse orientation of
      intermediate filaments in mature myotubes does not result from the de novo
      polymerization of subunits from Z band to Z band, but a continuous shifting of
      the positions and directions of intact filaments.

PMID- 3884636
TI  - Stimulation of bumetanide-sensitive K+ transport in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts by
      serum and mitogenic hormones.
AB  - Rapidly growing Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts possess a bumetanide-sensitive K+ transport
      system that is dependent on both Na+ and Cl- ions; a smaller bumetanide
      insensitive component of K+ transport is also present. In cells brought to the
      quiescent state by 8-11 days of incubation without a medium change, the
      bumetanide-sensitive rate of transport was reduced by 63%; the bumetanide
      insensitive rate did not change. Removal of dialyzed fetal calf serum from the
      uptake medium resulted in a substantial reduction in bumetanide-sensitive uptake
      in both rapidly growing cells (33% reduction) and quiescent cells (68% reduction)
      but had no effect on bumetanide-insensitive uptake. Insulin was almost as
      effective as dialyzed fetal calf serum in stimulating bumetanide-sensitive
      uptake; insulin was maximally stimulatory at 2.5 micrograms/ml. The combination
      of insulin, epidermal growth factor, and arginine-vasopressin was maximally
      effective in stimulating both bumetanide-sensitive K+ uptake and 3H-thymidine
      incorporation in quiescent cells; bumetanide, however, did not interfere with the
      hormonal stimulation of DNA synthesis. Thus, the bumetanide-sensitive K+
      transport system is not necessary for such stimulation to occur. Furthermore,
      concentrations of hormones which stimulated significant levels of DNA synthesis
      produced no elevation in the intracellular concentration of K+. We conclude that
      the bumetanide-sensitive pathway of K+ transport is modulated by serum and by
      mitogenic hormones, but does not play a role in the stimulation of DNA synthesis
      by these factors.

PMID- 3884637
TI  - Evidence for the evolutionary relatedness of the proteins of the bacterial
      phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system.
AB  - The phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) found in enteric
      bacteria is a complex enzyme system consisting of a non-sugar-specific
      phosphotransfer protein called Enzyme I, two small non-sugar-specific
      phosphocarrier substrates of Enzyme I, designated HPr and FPr, and at least 11
      sugar-specific Enzymes II or Enzyme II-III pairs which are phosphorylated at the
      expense of phospho-HPr or phospho-FPr. In this communication, evidence is
      presented which suggests that these proteins share a common evolutionary origin
      and that a fructose-specific phosphotransferase may have been the primordial
      ancestor of them all. The evidence results from an evaluation of 1) PTS protein
      sequence data; 2) structural analysis of operons encoding proteins of the PTS; 3)
      genetic regulatory mechanisms controlling expression of these operons; 4)
      enzymatic characteristics of the PTS systems; 5) immunological cross reactivities
      of these proteins; 6) comparative studies of phosphotransferase systems from
      evolutionarily divergent bacteria; 7) the nature of the phosphorylated protein
      intermediates; 8) molecular weight comparisons among the different Enzymes II and
      Enzyme II-III pairs; and 9) interaction studies involving different PTS protein
      constituents. The evidence leads to a unifying theory concerning the evolutionary
      origin of the system, explains many structural, functional, and regulatory
      properties of the phosphotransferase system, and leads to specific predictions
      which should guide future research concerned with genetic, biochemical, and
      physiological aspects of the system.

PMID- 3884638
TI  - The frequency of bone marrow cells that bind erythropoietin.
AB  - The frequencies of rat and mouse bone marrow cells capable of binding
      erythropoietin were studied by both direct fluorescence and indirect
      immunofluorescence. We found that between 1-2% of the cells bound erythropoietin,
      that the binding was specific, and that the number of cells that bound
      erythropoietin was, in part, a function of the erythropoietic state of the donor
      animal. A statistical method for evaluating the data obtained is included.

PMID- 3884639
TI  - X chromosome abnormalities and cognitive development: implications for
      understanding normal human development.
AB  - Recent advances in the biological sciences have offered new opportunities to
      identify biological contributions as they interact with social experience to help
      determine psychological development. The role of biological factors is more
      easily demonstrated in subhuman species in which extensive experimental
      manipulations of variables are possible. One strategy for the study of human
      behaviour genetics has been the systematic analysis of behaviour in individuals
      with naturally occurring X chromosome variations. The aim has been to demonstrate
      whether or not the range of expected variability in particular areas of
      behavioural development was narrowed by the specific genotypic abnormality. The
      knowledge obtained from these studies can be applied meaningfully to enhance our
      understanding about human behavioural development in chromosomally unaffected
      individuals.

PMID- 3884640
TI  - Motivation in childhood autism: can they or won't they?
AB  - Research in the area of motivation in autistic and other children suggests that
      autistic children may be capable of performing at a higher level than they
      typically function. This article describes research in the area of 'learned
      helplessness' which suggests that autistic children's handicaps may expose them
      to frequent failure and to an unusual level of non-contingent reinforcement which
      may produce a 'learned helplessness' state of extremely low motivation, with a
      consequent abnormally low overall functioning level. The present article also
      discusses research on strategies which might be employed to improve autistic
      children's exposure to favourable response-reinforcer contingencies. This would
      be expected to improve the general level of motivation in such children, with
      related gains in the acquisition, generalization maintenance of a broad array of
      target behaviours.

PMID- 3884642
TI  - Determination of serum methotrexate and 7-hydroxymethotrexate concentrations.
      Method evaluation showing advantages of high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - The use of large doses of methotrexate (MTX), greater than 3 g/m2, for the
      treatment of some malignant disorders requires careful monitoring of serum
      concentrations. A simple and sensitive method for the separation of MTX and 7
      hydroxymethotrexate (7-OH-MTX) by reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) is described. The method involves deproteinizing the serum
      sample on a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge, followed by separation on a C18 column and
      detection at 313 nm. The extraction efficiency of free MTX from serum is 70% and
      the maximum sensitivity is 2.2 X 10(-8) M. A high degree of correlation was
      obtained between the HPLC method of serum MTX determination and an enzyme
      multiplied immunoassay technique. The HPLC method separates MTX from its
      analogues, or drugs which may be administered concomitantly with MTX.
      Concentrations of MTX and 7-OH-MTX achieved over a 24-h period during high-dose
      therapy, (500-1000 mg/m2), and over 48 h for very-high-dose methotrexate therapy
      (8-12 g/m2) are described. A significant observation is the presence of 7-OH-MTX
      in sera of patients 6 h after commencement of infusion. This method was also
      utilized for monitoring cerebrospinal fluid MTX concentrations.

PMID- 3884641
TI  - The treatment of autistic children.
AB  - The goals of treatment need to be decided on the basis of knowledge on the nature
      of autism. As with any developmental disorder, the first goal must be to foster
      normal development; with autistic children this involves a focus on intellectual,
      language and social development. The further goals include: the reduction of
      rigidity/stereotypy; the elimination of non-specific maladaptive behaviours; and
      alleviation of family distress. Research findings are used to translate these
      goals into a practical overall therapeutic programme with three main elements: a
      full diagnostic appraisal, special educational provision and a home-based
      programme for the family. Finally, the research findings are drawn together to
      derive inferences on the lessons to be learned and the questions that remain to
      be answered.

PMID- 3884643
TI  - Comparison between a commercial ELISA, Rubazyme, and hemolysis-in-gel test for
      determination of rubella antibodies.
AB  - A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Rubazyme, was compared with the
      hemolysis-in-gel (HIG) test for antibodies to rubella in 826 sera. The results
      were in agreement for 99.4% of the 725 sera tested for immunity. However, the
      Rubazyme assay was no more efficient that either the hemagglutination-inhibition
      or HIG test in discriminating between sera with low levels of antibody and
      negative sera. Thus, it was concluded that the HIG test is the method of choice
      for immunity testing because of the low cost and simplicity. Rubazyme may be of
      value to confirm equivocal HIG results.

PMID- 3884644
TI  - Simple detection of antibodies to different viruses using rheumatoid factor and
      enzyme-labelled antigen (ELA).
AB  - A new one-step method was developed to detect IgG antibodies to different virus
      antigens. Human serum specimens were mixed with different enzyme-labelled antigen
      (ELA) preparations in microtitre plates coated with rheumatoid factor (RF).
      During the incubation in the wells of microtitre plates immune complexes form
      which are specifically bound to the RF on the solid phase. The test detects
      antibody to cytomegalovirus (CMV) and West-Nile virus with a high sensitivity and
      specificity.

PMID- 3884645
TI  - The insulin receptor: characterization and regulation using insulin-antiinsulin
      antibody complexes as a probe for flow cytometry.
AB  - The primary approach for the characterization of the insulin receptor has been
      through the study of its interaction with 125I-labeled insulin. Recently, we
      demonstrated that insulin receptors can also be identified by flow cytometry
      using antibodies to the receptor. In the present study, we characterized the
      insulin receptor on human lymphoblastoid cells (IM-9) and studied its regulation
      using insulin and antiinsulin antibodies as a probe for flow cytometry. The mean
      peak fluorescence of the cells treated with insulin followed by antiinsulin serum
      was 30-50 U above the control value. There was a close correlation between
      [125I]insulin binding and peak fluorescence. Fish insulin, which has about 50%
      the affinity of porcine insulin for the insulin receptor but does not bind to
      antiinsulin antibodies, did not enhance antiinsulin antibody binding, but
      competed for the pork insulin-antiinsulin antibody complexes in a dose-dependent
      manner. Exposure of IM-9 cells to insulin or antireceptor antibodies resulted in
      reduction in the number of insulin receptors. Cells down-regulated with 10(-6) M
      insulin or a monoclonal antibody to the insulin receptor had 40% of the
      [125I]insulin binding of the control cells and 40-50% of the peak fluorescence
      when insulin-antiinsulin was the probe for the immunofluorescence studies. Cells
      down-regulated with human autoantibodies to the receptor had 4% [125I]insulin
      binding and 10% peak fluorescence. In all cases, receptors were lost
      proportionally from all cells, yielding a single symmetrical fluorescent peak.
      These date indicate that flow cytometry with insulin-antiinsulin antibody
      complexes provides a new approach to the measurement of insulin receptors, since
      it provides direct measurement of the occupied receptor.

PMID- 3884646
TI  - Hyperthyroid Graves' disease causes insulin antagonism.
AB  - Oral glucose tolerance and pancreatic suppression tests were carried out in six
      young hyperthyroid men before treatment and 2-4 weeks after thyroid function
      tests returned to normal and in six normal men matched for age and weight.
      Glucose intolerance was present in the hyperthyroid individuals. It improved, but
      did not return to normal, after treatment. Insulin secretion was increased, and
      the peak values were delayed in the patients. Treatment did not influence the
      amount or pattern of the insulin response. Steady state plasma glucose levels
      (milligrams per dl +/- SEM) were significantly (P less than 0.001) higher in the
      hyperthyroid patients before treatment (128.6 +/- 2.4) than in the normal
      subjects (86.1 +/- 3.1). Although after treatment, steady state plasma glucose
      levels (116.1 +/- 2.7) decreased significantly (P less than 0.001), they remained
      higher than those in normal subjects (P less than 0.01). Therefore, insulin
      action was impaired in hyperthyroidism and had not returned to normal by 2-4
      weeks after thyroid function tests were in the normal range.

PMID- 3884647
TI  - Insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans, and polycystic ovaries associated with
      a circulating inhibitor of postbinding insulin action.
AB  - A 21-yr-old moderately obese woman with hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans, and
      oligomenorrhoea was diagnosed as having polycystic ovary syndrome. Despite
      hyperinsulinemia, binding of insulin to her red cells was within the range for
      normal, young adult subjects. Her serum did not bind or degrade [125I]insulin or
      alter its binding to fat cells, and was negative for insulin receptor antibodies.
      However, her serum caused a dose-dependent inhibition of insulin-stimulated
      lipogenesis (conversion of [3-3H]glucose to [3H]lipid) in rat fat cells
      significantly greater than that produced with control serum (relative potency,
      3.5:1) and (at a 1:20 dilution) markedly impaired the response of both
      lipogenesis and 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake to maximum concentrations of insulin.
      After the patient was treated with clomiphene for 4 months, her menses resumed,
      hair growth slowed, fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations
      decreased, and serum inhibitory activity decreased to the control range. Serum
      inhibitory activity was stable to freezing and thawing and to heating at 56 C for
      30 min, and could be extracted into acid-ethanol. By dialysis, its mol wt was
      below 1000, whereas by ultracentrifugation, it was above 3500; both high and low
      mol wt forms were detected after Sephadex G-50 gel chromatography of serum,
      suggesting that the inhibitor was of low mol wt but loosely bound to a higher mol
      wt component in serum. These findings indicate that insulin resistance in this
      patient with acanthosis nigricans and polycystic ovaries could be attributed to a
      circulating low mol wt inhibitor of postbinding insulin action.

PMID- 3884649
TI  - Effect of fasting on insulin receptor binding and insulin action in different
      human subcutaneous fat depots.
AB  - The possible existence of regional variations in fasting-mediated changes on
      insulin action an human adipose tissue was investigated in vitro. Subcutaneous
      adipose tissue was obtained from the femoral, abdominal, and gluteal areas of
      obese but otherwise normal subjects (16 women and 7 men) before and after 7 days
      of total fasting. Specific insulin receptor binding to isolated fat cells was
      similar in femoral and abdominal adipose tissues before and after fasting.
      However, the latter condition was associated with a significant increase in
      insulin receptor binding at low hormone concentrations (less than 2 nmol/liter)
      in gluteal adipocytes. Insulin stimulated glucose oxidation in a dose-dependent
      way in all 3 adipose regions before fasting. In the femoral and gluteal sites
      after fasting, the maximum insulin effect was significantly decreased, but a dose
      dependent insulin effect was still present, and there was no change in insulin
      sensitivity. However, abdominal adipose tissue after fasting was completely
      unresponsive to insulin stimulation when the hormone was added in increasing
      concentrations up to 80 nmol/liter. The results in fasting women were similar to
      those in the whole study group. In conclusion, there appear to be marked regional
      variations in fasting-mediated changes in insulin action on glucose metabolism in
      human adipose tissue. Alterations at the postreceptor level which lead to insulin
      resistance appear to be of greater importance than the counteracting receptor
      changes.

PMID- 3884648
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of relaxin in human decidua and placenta.
AB  - Specimens from 20 human term placentas were stained with 4 different antisera
      produced against porcine relaxin (Rlx) using the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase
      procedure. Cells of the parietal decidua adherent to the fetal membranes, cells
      of the chorionic cytotrophoblast, as well as cells of the placental basal plate
      consistently stained with all 4 anti-Rlx sera. Occasionally, Rlx was detected in
      epithelial cells lining the amniotic membrane. The syncytiotrophoblast stained
      for Rlx in 2 specimens only. This response was seen only in syncytiotrophoblast
      that lined villi in close proximity to the basal plate. Syncytiotrophoblast of
      the chorionic villi either did not stain at all or gave very weak positive
      immunostaining with the anti-Rlx sera in all specimens. No difference was noted
      in staining patterns among placentas delivered by elective cesarean section or
      vaginal delivery.

PMID- 3884650
TI  - Effects of antiinsulin receptor antibodies on amino acid uptake by cultured rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - The effects of two antiinsulin receptor antisera (AIRA) on alpha-amino-2
      [14C]isobutyric acid [( 14C]AIB) uptake by and [125I]insulin binding to cultured
      rat hepatocytes were examined. Diluted 1:100, both antisera inhibited insulin
      binding by 75-80%, mainly by decreasing available high affinity insulin-binding
      sites. Diluted 1:500, they decreased insulin binding and high affinity binding
      sites by 35-40%. Neither antiserum had an effect on basal [14C]AIB uptake, but
      decreased insulin-stimulated AIB uptake by 83% (dilution, 1:100; 24-h incubation)
      and 25% (dilution, 1:500; 24-h incubation), respectively. Insulin stimulation of
      AIB uptake correlated positively (r = 0.96; P less than 0.01) with insulin
      binding to high affinity receptors on hepatocytes incubated with normal serum or
      AIRA. We conclude that: 1) insulin stimulation of amino acid uptake by
      hepatocytes was mediated through insulin receptors, especially high affinity
      binding sites, and was inhibited by AIRA in parallel with receptor blockade; and
      2) AIRA had no insulin-like effect on basal amino acid uptake by hepatocytes.

PMID- 3884651
TI  - Improved recovery of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci with a new selective
      medium.
AB  - A new selective group A streptococcus agar (ssA) (BBL Microbiology Systems,
      Cockeysville, Md.) was evaluated for the recovery and direct plate identification
      of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) in comparison with sheep blood
      agar (SBA). A total of 265 GABHS were recovered from 1,116 throat swab specimens
      on both media, with detection rates of 98.9 and 91.7% for ssA and SBA,
      respectively. Primary bacitracin disk susceptibility tests were performed on 549
      specimens, and presumptive identifications were possible for 81.4% of the GABHS
      on ssA, as compared with 44.2% on SBA. All of the 120 GABHS recovered from
      another 567 specimens were identified by a coagglutination method after overnight
      incubation on ssA, whereas only 70.2% were identified at this interval on SBA.
      The major advantage of the ssA was the inhibition of normal respiratory flora,
      permitting improved recovery and rapid identification of GABHS.

PMID- 3884652
TI  - Rapid diagnosis of acute mumps infection by a direct immunoglobulin M antibody
      capture enzyme immunoassay with labeled antigen.
AB  - A new immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody capture enzyme immunoassay with peroxidase
      labeled mumps antigen (dMACEIA) is described, and its suitability for practical
      diagnosis of acute mumps infection is evaluated. All 54 patients with proven
      mumps infection that were tested showed mumps-specific IgM antibodies. On the
      other hand, no specific IgM antibodies were present in 16 cases of suspected
      mumps that could not be confirmed by classical complement fixation serology, and
      IgM mumps virus antibodies could be detected neither in the sera of 100 healthy
      individuals nor in those of 16 patients positive for rheumatoid factor. In all,
      22 children with acute respiratory illness caused by parainfluenza virus and 44
      patients with infections due to other viruses showed no IgM response in mumps
      dMACEIA. The particular characteristic in which complement fixation antibodies
      against mumps nucleocapsids appear before and disappear earlier than antibodies
      to the enveloped mumps virus could not be demonstrated in the dMACEIA. In an
      extensive epidemic of mumps virus infection, the dMACEIA gave a clear diagnosis
      of mumps infection in 200 out of 371 suspected cases. By day 2 of the illness,
      71% of the patients had detectable IgM, and by day 3, all of them had detectable
      IgM. In 99% of the cases, dMACEIA gave a positive result in the first available
      serum specimens, most of which were negative for complement fixation antibodies.
      A positive but only moderate correlation was thus observed between the two
      serological procedures. IgM antibodies persisted for at least 6 weeks. The
      dMACEIA, performed in 3 h, offers a reliable, simple, and rapid alternative to
      routine methods for detection of acute mumps infection.

PMID- 3884653
TI  - Worldwide distribution of two new serotypes of group B streptococci: type IV and
      provisional type V.
AB  - The candidates for new types proposed by the laboratories of H. W. Wilkinson, J.
      Jelinkova, B. Perch, and S. Rabinowitz were antigenically compared and found to
      be distinct from the established types. On the other hand, identity between some
      of the candidates was found: three belonged to the new type IV and two shared the
      NT1 antigen. Strains with NT1 antigen were given the working label "provisional
      type V." A distribution study identified 102 type IV strains and 53 provisional
      type V strains among isolates from 15 countries.

PMID- 3884654
TI  - Four-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Treponema pallidum
      antibody.
AB  - Further studies of a four-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure to
      detect Treponema pallidum antibody are described. High-titered antibody, produced
      in rabbits by intravenous injection of T. pallidum, was used to coat polyvinyl
      chloride microtiter plates. To these plates a known concentration of T. pallidum
      was added, followed in successive steps by serial dilutions of human sera and
      appropriately diluted peroxidase-labeled anti-human immunoglobulin G antibody. O
      Phenylenediamine was the substrate. A total of 340 sera were obtained from the
      DeKalb County Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic, Atlanta, Ga., and examined
      within 3 days of receipt. Ninety-six percent test agreement between the enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay and the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption
      double staining test was obtained. A total of 372 additional sera stored at -20
      degrees C were examined. The overall sensitivity of the enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay with sera from patients with various stages of syphilis was
      96%. With sera from uninfected individuals, the specificity of the enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay was 95%. No antigen instability was noted with the two
      antigen preparations used during this evaluation.

PMID- 3884655
TI  - Modification of a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of
      immunoglobulin G and M antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide.
AB  - In contrast to the usual indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
      method for detection of antibody responses, a modified direct ELISA technique was
      used to measure immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM responses to pneumococcal capsular
      types 1, 3, 9N, and 23F in humans. Individual capsular polysaccharides were
      covalently bound to poly-L-lysine before adsorption to the solid phase. The
      coupling reaction was enhanced by maintenance of a constant pH of 8.2 after the
      addition of all reactants. The evaluation of four diluents (phosphate-buffered
      saline [PBS]-Tween; PBS-Tween plus 10% fetal calf serum; PBS-Tween plus 10%
      bovine serum albumin; and PBS-Tween plus 20% normal goat serum) showed that the
      sensitivity and specificity of the assay was increased with normal goat serum (10
      fold). Serum samples from 10 subjects immunized with polyvalent pneumococcal
      vaccine were tested by direct ELISA and by radioimmunoassay. At 4 weeks
      postimmunization, the ELISA method showed that IgG was the predominant antibody
      and that IgM responses were lower or had diminished. Isotype shifts during this
      period would have been undetected by the radioimmunoassay method. The changes in
      antibody response measured by ELISA were comparable to the radioimmunoassay
      results. The direct ELISA method for the detection of antipneumococcal capsular
      antibody has been found to be a sensitive and reproducible assay for the
      detection of IgG and IgM antibodies.

PMID- 3884656
TI  - Evaluation of a rapid method for the detection of streptococcal group A antigen
      directly from throat swabs.
AB  - Throat swabs from 196 pediatric patients were processed by a direct extraction
      latex agglutination method (Group A Strep Direct Antigen Identification Test
      [DAI]) that detects group A streptococci in the specimen. The method requires a
      45-min enzymatic extraction period at 37 degrees C and a 4-min reaction period
      with antibody-linked latex particles. The results were compared with those of the
      culture and fluorescent antibody methods and the clinical presentation of the
      patient for pharyngitis. Ninety-three percent of the specimens resulted in
      agreement by all tests, and 28% were culture positive for group A streptococci.
      Compared with the culture method, the DAI had a sensitivity and a specificity of
      83% and 99%, respectively. The positive predictive values were 98% versus the
      culture method and 93% versus the fluorescent antibody method, whereas the
      negative predictive values were 94% versus both other methods. Of the 14
      discrepant results when both clinical presentation of an acute pharyngitis and
      the test results were compared, the culture method provided the best correlation.
      An additional 64 specimens were processed by the DAI and another direct
      extraction-latex agglutination method (Culturette Ten-Minute Group A Strep ID
      Test), and the results were compared with those of the culture method. This group
      had a 40.6% culture isolation rate for group A streptococci. The sensitivity and
      specificity of the DAI and Strep ID methods versus the culture method were 81 and
      100%, and 77 and 97%, respectively. These results indicate that the DAI is
      accurate for diagnosing group A streptococcal pharyngitis directly from throat
      swabs. However, negative results in the presence of a symptomatic patient must be
      confirmed by standard culture techniques.

PMID- 3884657
TI  - Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for treponemal antibody.
AB  - A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with Treponema pallidum antigen bound to
      ferrous metal beads (Syphilis Bio-EnzaBead; Litton Bionetics Laboratory Products)
      was compared with the standard fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test
      for syphilis. Bio-EnzaBead and fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption tests
      were done on 218 specimens from documented cases of syphilis, on 315 sera from
      individuals with diseases other than syphilis, and on sera submitted to a public
      health laboratory for premarital (304 specimens) or diagnostic (501 specimens)
      tests for syphilis. Agreement between the Bio-EnzaBead and reference tests ranged
      from 93.0% for sera for the diagnostic test to 99.5% for sera from patients with
      syphilis. The overall agreement among the 1,338 sera tested was 96.3%. The
      reproducibility of the Bio-EnzaBead test with 60 coded sera of graded reactivity
      was 97%. The test is easy to perform, the indicator results are clear and
      unequivocal, and the findings are comparable to those of the fluorescent
      treponemal antibody-absorption test.

PMID- 3884658
TI  - Modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting enteroinvasive
      Escherichia coli and virulent Shigella strains.
AB  - Immune sera were produced in rabbits with living cells of an enteroinvasive O143
      strain of Escherichia coli. To remove O and K antibodies, sera were absorbed with
      an avirulent derivative of the same strain. In the enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay, absorbed sera reacted specifically with only virulent Shigella strains and
      enteroinvasive E. coli strains of different geographical origin, regardless of
      species or serogroups. The investigation of 83 strains indicated complete
      agreement between enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results and those of the
      keratoconjunctivitis test. It is assumed that the absorbed immune sera reacted
      with a possible virulence marker antigen. This inexpensive and simple method
      provides an alternative to other virulence tests. It has a definite advantage for
      screening large number of isolates within 24 h.

PMID- 3884659
TI  - Detection of group A streptococcal antigen directly from throat swabs with a ten
      minute latex agglutination test.
AB  - Results obtained with the Culturette brand 10-Minute Group A Strep ID system were
      compared with culture results to measure the ability of this system to detect
      group A streptococci directly from more than 800 throat swabs. Our study showed a
      sensitivity of 92.4% and a specificity of 92.8% for this acid extraction, latex
      agglutination method when compared with anaerobic culturing for group A
      streptococci. The results suggest that the 10-Minute Group A Strep ID method may
      prove to be a useful, very rapid and easy method for diagnosing group A
      streptococcal pharyngitis directly from throat swabs. Further studies are
      suggested to determine whether this diagnostic method could stand alone or would
      have to be used in conjunction with culture.

PMID- 3884660
TI  - Characterization of Micrococcaceae strains isolated from the human urogenital
      tract by the conventional scheme and a micromethod.
AB  - Two hundred and twelve Micrococcaceae isolates were obtained from 82 men with
      nongonococcal urethritis, 24 women with vaginitis, and 54 girls with
      vulvovaginitis. Identification and biotyping of these strains were carried out by
      using the simplified scheme of Kloos and Schleifer (W. E. Kloos and K. H.
      Schleifer, J. Clin. Microbiol. 1:82-88, 1975) and the commercially available API
      Staph test (DMS Staph Trac). Staphylococcus epidermidis occurred in about half of
      these isolates. There was no statistical difference between the urethral and
      vaginal specimens, except for S. haemolyticus found primarily in males and for S.
      simulans and S. aureus found primarily in girls between the ages of 1 and 12
      years. S. saprophyticus, a major cause of urinary tract infections in young
      women, was never isolated from the vagina, suggesting the probability of another
      reservoir.

PMID- 3884661
TI  - Group A streptococcal postvaricella osteomyelitis.
AB  - Osteomyelitis as a complication of varicella has been rarely reported. We report
      two individual cases of postvaricella osteomyelitis in which group A beta
      hemolytic Streptococcus was implicated. In the first case group A beta-hemolytic
      Streptococcus was isolated from blood cultures and bone aspirate cultures from
      the femoral metaphysis. The second case of postvaricella osteomyelitis involved
      the distal fibula and was diagnosed by characteristic radiographic changes in the
      distal fibula, a positive bone scan, purulent varicella lesions that contained
      group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, and a prompt response to penicillin
      therapy. These cases have implications for the choice of appropriate
      antimicrobial therapy in the treatment of osteomyelitis complicating varicella.

PMID- 3884662
TI  - Lateral humeral condylar fractures in children.
AB  - Fifty-three patients with 56 fractures of the lateral humeral condyle were
      reviewed and the results were assessed to determine the amount of displacement
      that could be relied on to produce satisfactory results. Closed treatment
      resulted in satisfactory results if the initial displacement did not exceed 2 mm.
      This required close follow-up for detection of displacement. Percutaneous pinning
      of nondisplaced and minimally displaced fractures is an acceptable alternative in
      any situation in which close scrutiny cannot be ensured. Those fractures with
      greater than 2 mm of displacement should be reduced, pinned, and immobilized for
      6-8 weeks. Evidence of delayed union after 8 weeks is an indication for internal
      fixation and possibly bone grafting. Established nonunions in good position are
      best treated by open reduction and bone grafting. In this series, varus deformity
      was the most common deviation from a normal carrying angle. The functional
      results were invariably good regardless of the radiographic or clinical findings.

PMID- 3884663
TI  - Role of parathyroid hormone in the glucose intolerance of chronic renal failure.
AB  - Evidence has accumulated suggesting that the state of secondary
      hyperparathyroidism and the elevated blood levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in
      uremia participate in the genesis of many uremic manifestations. The present
      study examined the role of PTH in glucose intolerance of chronic renal failure
      (CRF). Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) and euglycemic and
      hyperglycemic clamp studies were performed in dogs with CRF with (NPX) and
      without parathyroid glands (NPX-PTX). There were no significant differences among
      the plasma concentrations of electrolytes, degree of CRF, and its duration. The
      serum levels of PTH were elevated in NPX and undetectable in NPX-PTX. The NPX
      dogs displayed glucose intolerance after CRF and blood glucose concentrations
      during IVGTT were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than corresponding
      values before CRF. In contrast, blood glucose levels after IVGTT in NPX-PTX
      before and after CRF were not different. K-g rate fell after CRF from 2.86 +/-
      0.48 to 1.23 +/- 0.18%/min (P less than 0.01) in NPX but remained unchanged in
      NPX-PTX (from 2.41 +/- 0.43 to 2.86 +/- 0.86%/min) dogs. Blood insulin levels
      after IVGTT in NPX-PTX were more than twice higher than in NPX animals (P less
      than 0.01) and for any given level of blood glucose concentration, the insulin
      levels were higher in NPX-PTX than NPX dogs. Clamp studies showed that the total
      amount of glucose utilized was significantly lower (P less than 0.025) in NPX
      (6.64 +/- 1.13 mg/kg X min) than in NPX-PTX (10.74 +/- 1.1 mg/kg X min) dogs. The
      early, late, and total insulin responses were significantly (P less than 0.025)
      greater in the NPX-PTX than NPX animals. The values for the total response were
      143 +/- 28 vs. 71 +/- 10 microU/ml, P less than 0.01. There was no significant
      difference in the ratio of glucose metabolized to the total insulin response, a
      measure of tissue sensitivity to insulin, between the two groups. The glucose
      metabolized to total insulin response ratio in NPX (5.12 +/- 0.76 mg/kg X min per
      microU/ml) and NPX-PTX (5.18 +/- 0.57 mg/kg X min per microU/ml) dogs was not
      different but significantly (P less than 0.01) lower than in normal animals (9.98
      +/- 1.26 mg/kg X min per microU/ml). The metabolic clearance rate of insulin was
      significantly (P less than 0.02) reduced in both NPX (12.1 +/- 0.7 ml/kg X min)
      and NPX-PTX (12.1 +/- 0.9 ml/kg X min) dogs, as compared with normal animals
      (17.4 +/- 1.8 ml/kg X min). The basal hepatic glucose production was similar in
      both groups of animals and nor different from normal dogs; both the time course
      and the magnitude of suppression of hepatic glucose production by insulin were
      similar in both in groups. There were no differences in the binding affinity,
      binding sites concentration, and binding capacity of monocytes to insulin among
      NPX, NPX-PTX, and normal dogs. The data show that (a) glucose intolerance does
      not develop with CRF in the absence of PTH, (b) PTH does not affect metabolic
      clearance of insulin or tissue resistance to insulin in CRF, and (c) the
      normalization of metabolism in CRF in the absence of PTH is due to increased
      insulin secretion. The results indicate that excess PTH in CRF interferes with
      the ability of the beta-cells to augment insulin secretion appropriately in
      response to the insulin-resistant state.

PMID- 3884664
TI  - Identification, isolation, and partial characterization of a fatty acid binding
      protein from rat jejunal microvillous membranes.
AB  - The mechanisms by which FFA are absorbed by the gut are unclear. To examine these
      processes, binding of [14C]oleate to isolated rat jejunal microvillous membranes
      (MVM) was studied in vitro. When [14C]oleate alone or compounded with bovine
      serum albumin at various molar ratios was incubated with MVM aliquots, binding
      was time- and temperature-dependent, inhibitable by addition of excess cold
      oleate, and decreased by heat denaturation or trypsin digestion of the membranes.
      When [14C]oleate binding to heat denatured MVM, which increased continuously as a
      function of the free oleate concentration and was taken as a measure of
      nonspecific binding, was subtracted from total binding to native MVM, a curve
      suggestive of saturable specific binding was observed. In contrast to fatty
      acids, there was no specific binding of [14C]taurocholate or
      [35S]sulfobromophthalein to jejunal MVM. After MVM solubilization with 1% Triton
      X-100, affinity chromatography over oleate-agarose and elution with 7 M urea
      yielded a single 40,000-mol-wt protein. This Sudan Black/periodic acid-Schiff
      stain-negative protein co-chromatographed on Sephadex G-100 with [14C]oleate,
      [14C]palmitate, [14C]arachidonate, and [14C]linoleate, but not with the
      [14C]oleate ester of cholesterol, [14C]phosphatidylcholine, [14C]taurocholate, or
      [35S]sulfobromophthalein. A rabbit antibody to the previously reported hepatic
      membrane fatty acid binding protein (FABP) gave a single line of immunologic
      identity between the FABPs of rat jejunum and rat liver membrane. It inhibited
      the binding of [14C]oleate to native MVM but not heat denatured MVM, and, in
      immunohistochemical studies, demonstrated the presence of the FABP in the apical
      and lateral portions of the brush border cells of the jejunum, but not on the
      luminal surface of esophagus or colon. These data are compatible with the
      hypothesis that a specific FABP plays a role in fatty acid absorption from the
      gut.

PMID- 3884665
TI  - Mutations in collagen genes. Consequences for rare and common diseases.

PMID- 3884666
TI  - Role of the endocrine pancreas in the kalemic response to acute metabolic
      acidosis in conscious dogs.
AB  - Metabolic acidosis due to organic acids infusion fails to elicit hyperkalemia.
      Although plasma potassium levels may rise, the increase is smaller than in
      mineral acid acidosis. The mechanisms responsible for the different effects of
      organic acid acidosis and mineral acid acidosis remain undefined, although
      dissimilar hormonal responses by the pancreas may explain dissimilar hormonal
      responses by the pancreas may explain the phenomena. To test this hypothesis,
      beta-hydroxybutyric acid (7 meq/kg) or hydrochloric acid (3 meq/kg) was infused
      over 30 min into conscious dogs (n = 12) with chronically implanted catheters in
      the portal, hepatic, and systemic circulation, and flow probes were placed around
      the portal vein and hepatic artery. Acid infusion studies in two groups of
      anesthetized dogs were also done to assess the urinary excretion of potassium (n
      = 14), and to evaluate the effects of acute suppression of renal electrolyte
      excretion on plasma potassium and on the release/uptake of potassium in
      peripheral tissues of the hindleg (n = 17). Ketoacid infusion caused hypokalemia
      and a significant increase in portal vein plasma insulin, from the basal level of
      27 +/- 4 microU/ml to a maximum of 84 +/- 22 microU/ml at 10 min, without changes
      in glucagon levels. By contrast, mineral acid acidosis of similar severity
      resulted in hyperkalemia and did not increase portal insulin levels but enhanced
      portal glucagon concentration from control values of 132 +/- 25 pg/ml to 251 +/-
      39 pg/ml at 40 min. A significant decrease in plasma glucose levels due to
      suppression of hepatic release was observed during ketoacid infusion, while no
      changes were observed with mineral acid infusion. Plasma flows in the portal vein
      and hepatic artery remained unchanged from control values in both acid infusion
      studies. Differences in renal potassium excretion were ruled out as determinants
      of the disparate kalemic responses to organic acid infusion compared with HCl
      acidosis. Evaluation of the arteriovenous potassium difference across the hindleg
      during ketoacid infusion demonstrates that peripheral uptake of potassium is
      unlikely to be responsible for the observed hypokalemia. Although the tissue
      responsible for the different kalemic responses could not be defined with
      certainty, the data are compatible with an hepatic role in response to
      alterations in the portal vein insulin and/or glucagon levels in both acid
      infusion studies. We propose that cellular uptake of potassium is enhanced by
      hyperinsulinemia in ketoacid infusion, and release of potassium results from
      increased glucagon levels in HCl acidosis. Whether the changes in plasma
      potassium that other types od organic acid acidosis produce are accounted for by
      a similar hormonal mechanism remains to be determined.

PMID- 3884667
TI  - Hyperinsulinemia. A link between hypertension obesity and glucose intolerance.
AB  - Hypertension and glucose intolerance, determined in a random population sample (n
      = 2,475), showed a highly significant (P less than 0.001) association from the
      mildest levels of both conditions, independent of the confounding effects of age,
      sex, obesity, and antihypertensive medications. Summary rate ratios for
      hypertension were 1.48 (1.18-1.87) in abnormal tolerance and 2.26 (1.69-2.84) in
      diabetes compared with normal tolerance. Altogether, 83.4% of the hypertensives
      were either glucose-intolerant or obese--both established insulin-resistant
      conditions. Fasting and post-load insulin levels in a representative subgroup (n
      = 1,241) were significantly elevated in hypertension independent of obesity,
      glucose intolerance, age, and antihypertensive medications. The mean increment in
      summed 1- and 2-h insulin levels (milliunits per liter) compared with nonobese
      normotensives with normal tolerance was 12 for hypertension alone, 47 for obesity
      alone, 52 for abnormal tolerance alone, and 124 when all three conditions were
      present. The prevalence of concentrations (milliequivalents per liter) of
      erythrocyte Na+ greater than or equal to 7.0, K+ less than 92.5, and plasma K+
      greater than or equal to 4.5 in a subsample of 59 individuals with all
      combinations of abnormal tolerance obesity and hypertension was compared with
      those in 30 individuals free of these conditions. Altogether, 88.1% of the former
      vs. 40.0% of the latter group presented at least one of these three markers of
      internal cation imbalance (P less than 0.001). We conclude that insulin
      resistance and/or hyperinsulinemia (a) are present in the majority of
      hypertensives, (b) constitute a common pathophysiologic feature of obesity,
      glucose intolerance, and hypertension, possibly explaining their ubiquitous
      association, and (c) may be linked to the increased peripheral vascular
      resistance of hypertension, which is putatively related to elevated intracellular
      sodium concentration.

PMID- 3884669
TI  - Periodontics. The past. Part (II). The development of modern periodontics.

PMID- 3884668
TI  - Generation of monoclonal antibodies to a human natural killer clone.
      Characterization of two natural killer-associated antigens, NKH1A and NKH2,
      expressed on subsets of large granular lymphocytes.
AB  - The initial characterization of two monoclonal antibodies directed at antigens
      selectively expressed on large granular lymphocytes (LGL) is reported in the
      present paper. These two reagents, anti-natural killer (NK) H1A and anti-NKH2,
      were obtained following immunization of mouse spleen cells with a cloned human NK
      cell line termed JT3. In fresh human peripheral blood, both anti-NKH1A and anti
      NKH2 selectively reacted with cells that appeared morphologically as large
      granular lymphocytes. However, complement lysis studies and two color
      fluorescence analysis demonstrated that some LGL express both antigens and other
      cells express only NKH1A or NKH2. Functional analysis of these subsets indicated
      that the population of NKH1A+ cells contains the entire pool of NK active
      lymphocytes, whereas expression of NKH2 antigen appeared to delineate a unique
      subpopulation of LGL which, in a resting state, display a low degree of
      spontaneous cytotoxicity. Expression of NKH1A and NKH2 was also investigated
      using a series of nine well characterized human NK clones. All NK clones were
      found to be NKH1A+ and four out of nine also expressed NKH2. These results
      strongly supported the view that NKH1A is a "pan-NK" associated antigen, and
      indicated that at least a fraction of cloned NKH2 + LGL are strongly cytotoxic.
      Anti-NKH1A was shown to have the same specificity as the previously described
      N901 antibody and was found here to precipitate a 200,000-220,000-mol wt molecule
      in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis. Anti-NKH2 was specific
      for a structure that migrates at 60,000 mol wt in SDS-PAGE analysis under
      reducing conditions. Two color immunofluorescence analysis of NKH1A, NKH2, and
      other NK-associated antigens (Leu7 and B73.1) demonstrated variable degrees of
      coexpression of these antigens, which confirmed that NKH1A and NKH2 define
      distinct cell surface structures. Anti-NKH1A and anti-NKH2 appear to be useful
      reagents for characterizing LGL present in human peripheral blood and for
      identifying functionally relevant subsets within this heterogeneous population of
      cytotoxic lymphocytes.

PMID- 3884670
TI  - Sign language, pantomime, and gestural processing in aphasic persons: a review.
AB  - Many aphasic individuals who fail to reacquire spoken language skills may retain
      the ability to acquire aspects of a manual communication system. This conclusion
      is reached after reviewing the results of studies of pantomime recognition and
      production, spontaneous gestural production, and manual language training in a
      wide range of aphasic subjects. Overall, the aphasic subjects appeared to be less
      impaired in their visuomotor processing than in their auditory-vocal processing.
      The results, however, are not definitive enough to resolve the long-standing
      debate as to whether or not a central symbolic deficit is present in aphasia.

PMID- 3884671
TI  - Ultrastructural characterization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
      producing neurons.
AB  - By means of preembedding immunohistochemistry, two types of gonadotropin
      releasing hormone (GnRH) positive neurons in the rat could be identified and
      characterized in the preoptic region and in the diagonal band: (1) a "smooth"
      GnRH neuron with relatively even cytoplasmic contours, and (2) a "spiny" GnRH
      neuron with thorn-like protrusions of the perikaryon and cell processes. Both
      cell types contain the same organelles in similar number and distribution, but
      they differ in the number of synaptic contacts. In general, GnRH cell bodies have
      a large round or ovoid nucleus, well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum
      arranged in multilayered stacks or as individual cisternae, and several Golgi
      complexes. Lysosomes are not numerous under the conditions studied.
      Specializations include kinocilia, nematosomes, and lamellar whorls. Throughout
      the cytoplasm, scattered dense core vesicles with a diameter of 100 nm and clear
      vesicles with a diameter of 30-40 nm can be seen with a preferential localization
      close to the cell membrane. The cell processes of smooth GnRH cells close to the
      perikaryal appear as extensions of the perikaryal cytoplasm with all organelles
      except the nucleus. The two neurites originate from the perikaryon as tapering
      cones over a distance of 200-300 micron, until they reach a diameter of 0.5-3
      micron. Cell processes of spiny GnRH cells show bifurcations, protrusions, or
      invaginations and contain clear and dense core vesicles in their spines. In areas
      distant from the perikaryon, immunoreactive fibers with a large number of dense
      core and clear vesicles can occasionally be seen to terminate synaptically or
      asynaptically on other neurons. The GnRH neurons show postsynaptic
      specializations at the level of the perikaryon and at cell processes, when
      apposed by a presynaptic terminal. Such synaptic contacts are seen less
      frequently on smooth cells than on spiny cells. Large areas of the GnRH cell may
      be covered by a thin glial lamella, which separates the cell body from the
      surrounding neuropil. The results indicate the existence of two populations of
      GnRH cell bodies with different patterns of innervation, which suggest different
      integrative capacities.

PMID- 3884672
TI  - Development of the subretinal space in the preterm human eye: ultrastructural and
      immunocytochemical studies.
AB  - To investigate the development of the subretinal space in the human infant, eyes
      were obtained from 12 live-born, anomaly-free, preterm infants from 20 to 32
      weeks gestation and from one 3-month postterm infant. The retinas were studied by
      light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunocytochemistry. The
      immunocytochemical studies utilized rabbit antiserum against purified bovine
      interstitial retinol binding protein (IRBP). A subretinal space containing IRBP
      was present in the central retina at 20 weeks and extended further into the
      periphery (expressed as a percentage of the distance from the optic disc to the
      ora serrata in the temporal hemisphere) as the retina developed. At 28 weeks,
      IRBP was absent only from the most peripheral 25% of the retina and reached the
      temporal ora serrata at 32 weeks. At 3 months postterm, IRBP immunofluorescence
      outlined fully developed photoreceptors, which were present from the optic disc
      to the ora serrata. The appearance of IRBP in the subretinal space correlated
      with the development of the first photoreceptor outer segment discs.

PMID- 3884674
TI  - Repigmentation of segmental vitiligo by autologous minigrafting.

PMID- 3884673
TI  - Perfume dermatitis.
AB  - The most common reaction to fragrance materials seen by practicing dermatologists
      is allergic contact dermatitis. Photodermatitis is occasionally seen, as is
      contact urticaria, irritation, and depigmentation. Fragrances are the leading
      cause of allergic contact dermatitis due to cosmetics. The fragrance mixture can
      cause false-positive reactions; therefore, it is more desirable to test with a
      separate series of fragrance materials.

PMID- 3884675
TI  - DIAG: a computer-assisted dermatologic diagnostic system--clinical experience and
      insight.
AB  - Over the past few decades, the computer has been utilized in various ways to
      assist physicians in formulating their differential diagnoses, usually on an
      experimental basis. Following a review of the three major technics employed in
      computer-assisted diagnosis, statistical pattern classification, production
      rules, and cognitive models, a new system (DIAG) is described. The sole function
      of DIAG is to assist in the formulation of the differential diagnosis of skin
      diseases. At the beginning of the fourth year of development, the accuracy of the
      program in reaching diagnoses has been shown, on many occasions, to be comparable
      to its expert counterparts. However, it has been demonstrated that the system is
      not utilized within the dermatology clinic routinely. In response to this,
      aspects of DIAG have been modified in order to improve its clinical
      acceptability. Until this acceptance is achieved, these tools will not fulfill
      their potential to affect patient care.

PMID- 3884676
TI  - Giants in dermatology.

PMID- 3884677
TI  - Psoriasis: a disease of the total skin.
AB  - Psoriasis is a disease of the total skin, which becomes clinically evident when a
      psoriatic lesion appears following an injury to the symptomless skin of a
      psoriasis patient. Although not all biopsy specimens of the symptomless skin show
      pathologic findings, the evolution of a psoriatic plaque can be envisioned as
      developing from the nonvisible phases of residual psoriasis, prepsoriasis, and
      latent psoriasis into a visible state where macules evolve into papules and
      papules coalesce to form plaques.

PMID- 3884678
TI  - Clinical correlations of antibodies in pemphigus studied by radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Pemphigus antibodies of class G immunoglobulins (IgG) were studied with the use
      of a solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) that utilizes COLO-16, a squamous cell
      tumor line, as the substrate. Sera from patients with pemphigus vulgaris and
      pemphigus vegetans showed greater average binding than did sera from patients
      with pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus erythematosus. The patients were
      subgrouped according to their clinical presentations and were divided into
      patients with skin lesions only, those with mucous membrane lesions only, and
      those with both skin and mucous membrane lesions. No significant differences were
      observed between these groups. There was good correlation between IgG binding in
      the RIA and both the disease activity and the response to therapy. Blood group
      antigen absorbable "false positive" anti-intercellular substance antibodies were
      not detected in the RIA.

PMID- 3884679
TI  - Germicidal persistence of teat dips by modified excised teat procedure.
AB  - An excised teat protocol was modified to evaluate persistence of germicidal
      activity of teat dips over 8 h. Five teat dip formulations, iodophor (1%),
      chlorhexidine gluconate (.55%), linear dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (1.94%),
      sodium chlorite-lactic acid in a water base, and sodium chlorite-lactic acid in a
      gel base were tested against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella oxytoca. Iodophor
      and chlorhexidine had high germicidal activity throughout 8 h, whereas dodecyl
      benzene sulfonic acid had little activity. Germicidal activity of both sodium
      chlorite-lactic acid teat dips was high initially but declined with time. The gel
      base dip, however, remained more germicidal than the water base dip. Results were
      similar for either organism for most teat dips. However, chlorhexidine was less
      effective and the gel base dip more effective against Klebsiella oxytoca than
      Escherichia coli. Standard errors often appeared higher for Klebsiella oxytoca
      than for Escherichia coli. These assays may prove useful for laboratory screening
      of teat dips to determine germicidal persistence over time.

PMID- 3884680
TI  - Receptor mechanisms of the neonatal intestine and their relationship to
      immunoglobulin absorption and disease.
AB  - Immunoglobulin absorption by the calf has been the subject of considerable
      research. Despite these efforts little is known about the cytological events that
      occur at the level of the intestinal epithelial cell. These events have been
      studied extensively and characterized in the laboratory rodent; however, there
      have been few attempts to make corollaries between the two species. All neonatal
      animals display certain similarities in their intestinal morphology that may be
      correlated, with immunoglobulin absorption. Selectivity in absorption appears to
      be variable among neonatal animal species; however, all demonstrate some
      selectivity. Selectivity in absorption implies that receptors are a necessary
      component in the transport of immunoglobulins. Selectivity further requires
      binding of immunoglobulins to an endocytic vesicle membrane to ensure transport
      through the cell, circumvention of intracellular digestion, and release at the
      basolateral cell membrane. A decrease of immunoglobulin absorption may be
      accomplished in a variety of ways such as competition between intestinal microbes
      and immunoglobulins for a common receptor on the intestinal epithelial cell. An
      additional consideration is aberrant synthesis or recycling of the cell membrane
      receptor, as induced by metabolic decelerators such as cortisol. Failure to
      recycle immunoglobulin receptors also would decrease efficiency of absorption.

PMID- 3884681
TI  - Development of cell-mediated immunity in young ruminants.
AB  - Development of cell-mediated immunity in young ruminants appears to be under the
      influence of the thymus. In sheep, prenatal removal of the thymus has little
      effect on postnatal growth of lambs. However, lambs are immunodeficient compared
      with normal controls, and they exhibit depressed delayed hypersensitive skin
      responses to antigens such as tuberculin purified protein derivative. Lymphopenia
      accompanying the immunodeficiency appears to be due to depletion of a particular
      population of T-cells (thymus derived) that have reduced response to mitogens and
      decreased numbers as the lamb matures. Young lambs are less responsive than adult
      sheep to vaccination with irradiated Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae. The
      basis of this lowered responsiveness appears to be not only the immaturity of the
      cell-mediated immune response but also the segregation of the lambs into high and
      low responders. This immune responsiveness is possibly under the genetic control
      of the ovine major histocompatibility complex. It may be possible to select and
      breed sheep and cattle for responsiveness to vaccination against parasitic,
      viral, and bacterial diseases.

PMID- 3884682
TI  - Effect of supplemental beta-carotene on incidence and responsiveness of ovarian
      cysts to hormone treatment.
AB  - Sixty-two multiparous and 35 primiparous Holstein cows were assigned randomly at
      10 days postpartum to receive a ration with or without 300 mg beta-carotene/cow
      per day. Multiparous and primiparous cows were grouped separately and group-fed
      complete rations once daily. Incidence of ovarian cysts (26% by rectal palpation)
      was not affected by beta-carotene fed. Multiparous cows had greater incidence
      (39%) of ovarian cysts than primiparous cows (11%). Fifty-seven percent of cysts
      were classified follicular by rectal palpation. Progesterone concentration of
      milk also was used for diagnosis of type of cyst. Cows with ovarian cysts and
      with progesterone concentrations in milk less than 1 ng/ml were classified
      follicular, and those having concentration greater than 1 ng/ml were classified
      luteal. As determined by milk progesterone, rectal palpation was more accurate
      for diagnosis of luteal cysts than for diagnosis of follicular cysts.
      Progesterone concentrations of milk for animals with luteal and follicular cysts
      were 10.66 +/- 1.29 and .37 +/- .07 ng/ml. beta-Carotene did not affect response
      or days to respond to treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin or gonadotropin
      releasing hormone. Supplemental beta-carotene was not beneficial for reducing
      incidence of ovarian cysts in cows receiving an adequate supply of beta-carotene
      in their diet.

PMID- 3884683
TI  - The lower eyelid curved V-T plasty.
AB  - Lesions of the middle third of the lower eyelid lend themselves to removal and
      reconstruction using the V-T plasty technique. A case utilizing this method is
      photographically demonstrated, including a new design consideration--the curved V
      T plasty. To date, we have performed 32 such operations without complication.

PMID- 3884684
TI  - [Characteristics of tetracycline transport in resistant strains of Escherichia
      coli].

PMID- 3884685
TI  - [Mechanisms of the regulation of early embryogenesis].

PMID- 3884686
TI  - Microwave sterilization.
AB  - This study has shown that representative fungi, viruses, and aerobic and
      anaerobic bacteria, including spore formers, can easily be killed in a
      conventional microwave oven with proper modifications. Metal instruments,
      including air turbine handpieces and burs, and acrylic dentures can be sterilized
      in short periods. Consistent sterilization can be accomplished only if the items
      to be sterilized are rotated in a three-dimensional manner throughout the
      microwave cavity. Arcing back to the magnetron and damage to the microwave oven
      are prevented by placing a radar absorbent material within the oven and with
      proper insulation of the item to be sterilized.

PMID- 3884687
TI  - Evaluation of an automatic mixing system for an addition silicone impression
      material.
AB  - The automatic mixing system of an addition silicone impression material yields
      mixes and set material that comply with ADA specification no. 19 when testing is
      started at 0.5 minute rather than the specified 1.5 minutes. This change is
      reasonable because there is zero mixing time rather than the usual 45-60 second
      needed for standard two-paste rubber impression materials. Uniform mixing of base
      and catalyst occurs with the automatic system, with a fourth to a fifth as many
      bubbles in the mix as for comparable mixes obtained by hand spatulation. The
      automatic feature of the system simplifies mixing and nearly eliminates the
      training of assistants in the mixing of rubber impression material. The automatic
      mixing system is economical as it wastes only a third as much material as a
      typical hand-dispensing and mixing system. The properties and accuracy of the
      system are excellent and typical of addition silicones, including excellent
      recovery from deformation, low dimensional change on setting, and low flow. A
      wash or two-phase impression technique may be used with equal clinical accuracy.

PMID- 3884688
TI  - Inhaled albuterol powder for the treatment of asthma--a dose-response study.
AB  - Many patients are unable to obtain optimal benefit from inhaled bronchodilators
      as delivered by metered-dose aerosol spray because of difficulty in synchronizing
      release of medication with the start of inspiration. The Rotahaler is a flow
      activated device that avoids this problem since the act of inspiration itself
      delivers medication to the lungs. In this randomized, double-blind, crossover
      study, each of 20 male patients with moderate to severe asthma, ages 12 to 23 yr,
      received a single treatment with 100, 200, or 400 mcg of albuterol powder or
      placebo by Rotahaler on 4 study days separated by 2 to 10 days. All patients
      stopped theophylline and inhaled beta-agonists as needed 24 and 12 hr,
      respectively, before study days. All patients emptied the Rotahaler with a single
      inhalation. Pulmonary functions were followed for 8 hr after medication.
      Statistical analyses of FEV1, FEF25-75, and FVC revealed that all doses of
      albuterol powder were superior to placebo within 5 min with a log dose-response
      trend for both degree and duration of bronchodilation.

PMID- 3884689
TI  - The ancestry of allergy: being an account of the original experimental induction
      of hypersensitivity recognizing the contribution of Paul Portier.
AB  - The Nobel Prize in Medicine/Physiology for 1913 was awarded to Charles Richet,
      French physiologist, for studies of "anaphylaxis." The earliest articles on what
      was actually the original experimental induction of hypersensitivity were the
      result of collaborative studies of Paul Portier and Charles Richet. This article
      presents an account of the discovery based on an extensive examination of
      original sources with attention to the particulars of the contributions of each
      of the codiscoverers. An unusually complete and intimate story of the unfolding
      of the discovery could be pieced together from the findings in the original
      sources. The contributions of Paul Portier in the experiments leading to the
      recognition of a relationship between hypersensitivity and immunity earned him a
      more prominent position in the ancestry of allergy.

PMID- 3884690
TI  - Efficacy and tolerance of fluocortin butyl administered twice daily in adult
      patients with perennial rhinitis.
AB  - Fluocortin butyl (FCB) is a newly developed corticosteroid drug with no
      detectable systemic corticosteroid activity when it is used topically. Previous
      studies have demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of FCB applied topically to
      the nasal mucosa three to four times a day for perennial rhinitis. The
      therapeutic efficacy of FCB used only twice daily, with total daily dosages
      similar to those previously found to be effective when these were applied more
      frequently, was studied in a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
      This was a 4-week study with a 1-week observation (baseline) period and a 3-week
      period during which the response to three dosage regimens (2 mg per day, 4 mg per
      day, and 8 mg per day) of FCB and placebo were compared to baseline observations
      of rhinitis. Two hundred thirty-five patients from six centers were studied.
      Patients had perennial rhinitis of allergic, nonallergic, or combined etiology.
      Patients who received FCB exhibited significant amelioration of signs and
      symptoms of rhinitis as assessed by patients and physicians and had a greater
      reduction in the use of concomitant antihistamine and/or decongestant therapy
      compared to placebo-treated patients. Relief tended to occur early and was
      progressive during the 3 wk of therapy. There were no significant differences in
      response between the various dosages of FCB used. Side effects were minimal and
      insignificant and did not differ between FCB-treated and placebo-treated
      patients. FCB appears to be an effective well-tolerated topical steroid useful in
      the treatment of perennial rhinitis.

PMID- 3884692
TI  - The epidemiology of the pseudo-exfoliation syndrome.
AB  - The pseudo-exfoliation syndrome is characterized by the deposition of light gray
      or white dandruff-like flakes on various intraocular structures, most clinically
      apparent on the anterior lens capsule and pupillary margin but more significantly
      on the trabecular meshwork and ciliary processes. Its prevalence in various
      populations and relationship to age, sex, geography, heredity, and particularly
      to glaucoma have been the subject of numerous studies. Its prevalence is
      generally variable (depending on the subject population) and ranges from 1 to 8
      percent, increasing with age. It is positively associated with higher levels of
      intraocular pressure and open-angle glaucoma. Although further carefully
      controlled studies of prevalence and their relationship with glaucoma are
      desirable, patients with evidence of pseudo-exfoliation should be treated as
      glaucoma suspects.

PMID- 3884691
TI  - Effective dietary intervention in hypertensives: sodium restriction and weight
      reduction.
AB  - A Dietary Intervention Study of Hypertension (DISH) was undertaken to determine
      whether patients whose high blood pressure had been controlled pharmacologically
      for a period of more than 5 years could maintain that control with sodium
      restriction or weight reduction instead of drugs. Four hundred ninety-six
      patients, classified by degree of overweight, were randomly assigned into one of
      seven groups. Included were those who would be withdrawn from antihypertensive
      medication and receive intervention for either sodium restriction or weight
      reduction. After 8 weeks of intervention, an average reduction of 24-hour urinary
      sodium output from a baseline of 158 mEq to 106 mEq (p less than .001) and from
      130 mEq to 96 mEq (p less than .01) was achieved for the overweight and
      nonoverweight groups, respectively. That decline was still maintained at 56
      weeks. Dietary estimates, obtained by analysis of 3-day food records,
      underestimated urinary output by an average of 12%, with blacks more likely to
      underestimate than whites, and the overweight more likely to underestimate than
      the nonoverweight. An average 10-lb weight loss was achieved, with no difference
      between men and women. Weight declined for 32 weeks, then leveled off and was
      maintained up to 56 weeks, indicating that sodium intake modification can be
      accomplished faster than weight reduction. Modest sodium restriction and weight
      reduction are feasible and achievable in a free-living population and have a
      positive effect on control of hypertension.

PMID- 3884693
TI  - Ultrastructural changes of the pancreatic beta-cell and the insulin secretion by
      islets from lactating and non-lactating rats.
AB  - Islets isolated from lactating rats, as compared to islets from non-lactating
      rats, release less insulin when incubated in the absence of exogenous nutrient or
      presence of either D-glucose (11.1 mM) or the association of L-leucine and L
      glutamine (10.0 mM each). The insulin content of the islets is not different in
      lactating and non-lactating rats. The volume density of the dark granules in the
      beta-cells is not at variance in both groups. However the volume density of the
      light (pale) granules is significantly lower in the lactating rats. The reduced
      amount of light granules is in keeping with the reduced secretory capacity of the
      beta-cells from lactating rats.

PMID- 3884694
TI  - Nonunion of the capitate: a case report.
AB  - A patient with nonunion of the capitate presented for treatment with a painful,
      snapping wrist. Grafting was successful in obtaining union of the fracture and
      relief of symptoms.

PMID- 3884695
TI  - Fingertip reconstruction with a palmar advancement flap and free dermal graft: a
      report of six cases.
AB  - The palmar thumb advancement flap was first described by Moberg in 1964. It was
      further utilized for the thumb and defined by Posner and Smith in 1971. In 1980,
      Macht and Watson favorably reported their technique of palmar advancement that
      was applicable not only for the thumb, but also for all five digits with soft
      tissue tip losses. A further refinement of their technique is to augment the
      digital tip with an autogenous dermal graft. This dermal "padding" is placed
      directly over the bony tuft to act as a "shock absorber," add bulk and contour to
      the distal tip of the finger, increase soft tissue stability, eliminate direct
      percussive tenderness of the bone, and decrease disability for specific
      occupations such as those requiring typewriting. Six cases are reported.

PMID- 3884696
TI  - Evaluation of upper extremity vasculature with high-resolution ultrasound.
AB  - Twenty-eight vascular and perivascular lesions of the upper extremity in 21
      patients were studied from August 1982 to December 1982 by means of a 10 MHz real
      time B-mode ultrasound unit. They included eight perivascular masses, 16 arterial
      repairs, and five thrombosed or occluded arteries. Imaging of arteries that
      ranged in size from a brachial to a digital artery was reliable. Vessels were
      tracked proximally and distally while changes in wall compliance, luminal
      diameter, wall diameter, intimal integrity, and luminal compression were observed
      dynamically. Size, location, acoustic characteristics, and extent of vascular
      involvement could be determined in cases of perivascular masses. Sonographic
      findings were confirmed by arteriography, dynamic radionuclide imaging,
      computerized tomography, or surgical exploration. Ultrasonography eliminated the
      need for preoperative arteriography in some cases. In no instances were our
      ultrasonographic impressions in error when correlated with results of more
      invasive techniques. No adverse effects were encountered. We concluded that real
      time 10 MHz ultrasonography is a safe, noninvasive, reproducible, and accurate
      technique that can be used quantitatively and qualitatively on the upper
      extremity after surgery to assess patency, pulse dynamics, and anastomotic
      characteristics of arterial repairs and before surgery to evaluate perivascular
      masses for acoustic characteristics, location, and influence on adjacent vascular
      structures.

PMID- 3884697
TI  - Effect of metoclopramide in diabetic gastroparesis.
AB  - The aims of our study were to: determine the effect of metoclopramide
      parenterally and orally on delayed gastric emptying of a radionuclide test meal
      in symptomatic patients with diabetic gastroparesis not explained by ulceration
      or other mechanical problems; and evaluate in a double-blind crossover fashion
      the efficacy of metoclopramide in relieving the symptoms of diabetic
      gastroparesis. Thirteen patients with subjective evidence of gastric stasis had
      delayed gastric emptying of an isotope-labeled semisolid meal which was
      significantly accelerated (p less than 0.05) after 10 mg of metoclopramide
      parenterally. Patients then received metoclopramide 10 mg and placebo before
      meals and prior to retiring for 3 weeks in a randomized double-blind crossover
      design. During metoclopramide therapy nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fullness, and
      bloating were significantly (p less than 0.05) ameliorated compared to placebo
      with an overall mean symptom reduction of 52.6%. Gastric emptying studies after
      completion of the trial is seven patients, subjectively improved and receiving
      open-labeled metoclopramide, showed significantly less gastric retention.
      Individual improvements in gastric emptying after parenteral or oral
      metoclopramide, however, could not be correlated with symptom change during the
      treatment trial. We conclude that metoclopramide is an important therapeutic
      adjunct in the management of diabetic gastroparesis and its therapeutic effects
      are mediated through its prokinetic properties as well as centrally mediated
      antiemetic actions.

PMID- 3884698
TI  - Biochemical separations and human genetics. The Wilhelmine E. Key 1984
      invitational lecture.

PMID- 3884699
TI  - Mendel, the empiricist.
AB  - In contemporary texts in biology and genetics, Mendel is frequently portrayed as
      a theorist who was the father of classical genetics. According to some authors,
      he created his theory of inheritance to explain the results of his experimental
      hybridizations of peas. Others have proposed that he designed and carried out his
      experiments to demonstrate the correctness of a theory of inheritance he had
      already developed. We disagree strongly with these views of Mendel. Instead, we
      have come to regard him as an empirical investigator trying to discover the
      empirical natural laws describing the formation of hybrid peas and the
      development of their offspring over several generations. We have supported our
      view with an analysis of portions of Mendel's paper and his letters to Carl N
      ageli.

PMID- 3884700
TI  - The birthplace of genetics: a historical note.

PMID- 3884701
TI  - Gastroesophageal reflux: an update.

PMID- 3884702
TI  - The development of Lewis Henry Morgan's evolutionism.
AB  - Lewis Henry Morgan never used the term evolution in any of his major sociological
      works. If he may be labeled an evolutionist, the specificity of his views must be
      taken into account. The main "evolutionist" issue that concerned him was that of
      the unity or diversity of the human species. This was an urgent political and
      theological issue in the America of his day, and it impinged also on research on
      the American Indians. Morgan's first major study was designed to demonstrate the
      unity of origin of the American aborigines and their "Asian" origins. His methods
      were derived from the tradition of Indo-European philology. It was virtually as
      an afterthought that he added a social evolutionary component to what he
      conceived of as an exercise in philology. Later he came under the direct
      influence of the English evolutionists, and this was crucial for the conception
      of Ancient Society.

PMID- 3884703
TI  - "What shall we do with the inebriate?" Asylum treatment and the disease concept
      of alcoholism in the late nineteenth century.
AB  - During the late nineteenth century a number of physicians, sometimes called
      inebriety specialists, combined a narrowly physicalistic disease concept of
      alcoholism with a high regard for the curative power of asylum treatment to
      advocate the development of specialized asylums for the treatment of alcoholism.
      Central to the idea of such an inebriate asylum was the belief that the power to
      detain the alcoholic was necessary to cure his disease. This article considers
      why inebriety specialists held this belief as well as why others opposed it. It
      also describes alternative approaches to alcoholism and the fate of efforts,
      during this period, to treat the alcoholic by confining him.

PMID- 3884704
TI  - Light microscopic immunolocation of thrombospondin in human tissues.
AB  - Affinity-purified antisera against thrombospondin were used to locate the
      presence of this glycoprotein in frozen sections of several human tissues by
      immunofluorescence techniques. Immunostaining was observed in the peritubular
      connective tissue and in basement membrane regions beneath glandular epithelium
      in skin and lung. Intense immunostaining was observed at the dermal-epidermal
      junction in skin and in small blood vessels throughout this tissue. Skeletal
      muscle exhibited positive staining with anti-thrombospondin antisera within
      interstitial areas. Immunostaining was confined to the luminal portions of large
      blood vessels such as aorta. In large blood vessels that contained lesions of
      atherosclerosis, immunostaining was observed throughout the lesion area and was
      especially prominent surrounding some of the lesion cells. These results indicate
      that thrombospondin is located within the matrix of a variety of human tissues
      and supports the suggestion that this glycoprotein is an endogenous component of
      some extracellular matrices.

PMID- 3884705
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of human epidermal growth factor/urogastrone in
      several human tissues.
AB  - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates the growth of many tissues and inhibits
      stimulated gastric acid secretion. Its primary tissue of origin in man is still
      unknown. We used polyclonal anti-human EGF sera in the peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      immunocytochemical staining technique to identify immunoreactive human EGF
      (ihEGF) in tissue sections from 29 subjects ranging from fetuses to 63 years in
      age. In addition to acinar cells in the submandibular salivary glands and cells
      of Brunner's duodenal glands, previously reported to contain ihEGF, we found
      ihEGF in most anterior pituitary glycopeptide hormone-secreting cells, in gastric
      and pyloric gland cells of the stomach, and in bone marrow cells that resembled
      mononuclear phagocytes in subjects of all ages. The eccrine sweat glands in the
      skin of adults also contained ihEGF. Cells containing ihEGF were found singly or
      in clusters in the trachea of the fetus only. No fetal pancreatic islet cells
      stained, but occasional cells in neonates and a majority of islet cells in older
      subjects contained ihEGF; there was no constant association with insulin,
      glucagon, or somatostatin. Only the lactating breast contained ihEGF. In adults,
      outer adrenomedullary cells contained ihEGF. Intense immunostaining was observed
      in the renal medulla, apparently limited to the extracellular area between the
      renal tubules, and increased with age; the cortex was devoid of ihEGF. No ihEGF
      was detected in posterior pituitary gland, thyroid gland, heart, lung, or liver
      at any age. An adult prostate contained ihEGF only in an area of local injury,
      and some primordial follicles from the ovary of a newborn appeared to contain
      ihEGF. Thus, many tissues appear to synthesize hEGF, which may exert exocrine,
      endocrine, or paracrine functions in different tissues and at different ages.

PMID- 3884706
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of renin in juxtaglomerular cells.
AB  - The involvement of various organelles in the synthesis, transport, and packaging
      of renin in the juxtaglomerular cells of newborn mice has been investigated by
      immunocytochemistry with the protein A-gold technique. Highly specific rabbit
      antibodies against mouse submandibular renin were used. Mild fixation and
      embedding in glycol methacrylate allowed enough sensitivity to identify a steep
      gradient of labeling from rough endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi complex to
      secretory granules. Routine fixation and embedding in Epon produced labeling
      differentials that allowed delineation of hitherto ill-defined types of secretory
      granules and vacuoles. The classical pattern of synthesis, transport, and
      packaging of secretory proteins involves the rough endoplasmic reticulum and
      Golgi complex and seems to apply to renin secretion. Immunoreactive renin is
      packaged as rhomboid crystals at the trans face of the Golgi complex. The
      limiting membrane of these rhomboids fuses to form coalescing protogranules where
      the crystals eventually yield their individuality maturing into secretory
      granules. Vacuoles containing a flocculent material, with or without a dense
      core, show significant immunocytochemical labeling. These vacuoles are not
      associated with the Golgi complex but occupy cytoplasmic areas well endowed with
      rough endoplasmic reticulum. As judged from their morphological features and
      their immunoreactivity, the vacuoles do not seem to follow the sequence of events
      typical of protogranules and coalescing protogranules. They possibly represent a
      parallel pathway of renin synthesis and transport, involving the nuclear envelope
      and bypassing the Golgi complex.

PMID- 3884707
TI  - S-100 alpha-like immunoreactivity in tubules of rat kidney. A clue to the
      function of a "brain-specific" protein.
AB  - The localization of the alpha and beta subunits of S-100 protein was studied in
      normal tissue where the identification of three subclasses of S-100 containing
      cells was derived: i) cells that contain both alpha and beta subunits; ii) cells
      that contain only the alpha subunit; and iii) cells that contain only the beta
      subunit. In this study monospecific antibodies against the S-100 alpha and beta
      subunits were used to characterize the S-100-like immunoreactivity in the rat
      kidney: Certain cells in the distal nephron, i.e., the connecting piece,
      collecting ducts, and the thin limb of Henle's loop, contained S-100 alpha
      immunoreactivity. Proximal tubules, the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, the
      distal tubules, and the juxtaglomerular apparatus were negative. No S-100 beta
      immunoreactivity was found in kidney tubules. However, Schwann cells of renal
      pelvic nerves contained S-100 beta immunoreactivity. The presence of S-100 alpha
      antigen in certain cells of the kidney gives further support to the assumption
      that the alpha subunit of S-100a is related to cells that are highly involved in
      pH, electrolyte, and water regulation.

PMID- 3884708
TI  - Additional evidence that the Lps gene locus regulates natural resistance to S.
      typhimurium in mice.

PMID- 3884709
TI  - Chemotactic responses of human peripheral blood monocytes to the complement
      derived peptides C5a and C5a des Arg.
AB  - We examined responses of human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      (PMN) and monocytes to the highly purified human complement-derived peptides C5a
      and C5a des Arg. As reported previously, C5a proved to be approximately 10- to 20
      fold more potent than C5a des Arg as a chemoattractant for human PMN. C5a also
      was more potent than C5a des Arg in causing PMN to acquire a polarized
      morphology. In contrast, we found that human monocytes do not distinguish between
      C5a and C5a des Arg when these peptides are used as chemoattractants. In two
      different assay systems, both peptides acted at identical concentrations to
      stimulate suboptimal and optimal migration of monocytes. Human monocytes also did
      not distinguish between C5a and C5a des Arg when these peptides were used as
      inducers of polarization. Studies performed with functionally active, [125I]
      labeled C5a and C5a des Arg, however, demonstrated that binding of C5a des Arg to
      monocytes differed from binding of C5a. Although [125I]-C5a des Arg appeared to
      bind to the same receptor as [125I]-C5a, binding of labeled C5a des Arg occurred
      with an affinity that was approximately 100-fold less than that observed with
      labeled C5a. These results indicate that leukocyte chemotactic and polarization
      responses to C5a and C5a des Arg vary, depending on the target cell type.

PMID- 3884710
TI  - An unexpected response to vaccination with a purified major membrane tachyzoite
      antigen (P30) of Toxoplasma gondii.
AB  - A purified Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite membrane protein (P30) and a monoclonal
      antibody directed against this antigen were used to immunize mice. The P30
      protein has an apparent m.w. of 30,000 and is the major radioiodinated tachyzoite
      membrane antigen identified by human and mouse antitoxoplasma antisera.
      Polyclonal and monoclonal antibody to the P30 antigen are parasiticidal in the
      presence of human serum. A series of mice were immunized with affinity column
      purified P30 protein. This produced a dose-dependent, antigen-specific IgG and
      IgM response. The mice were challenged with the less virulent C strain
      tachyzoite. Immunized mice showed a statistically significant increase in
      mortality over nonimmunized control mice. In addition, vaccinated mice had an
      increased number of intracerebral tissue cysts when compared with the control
      group. Similar results were obtained with passive transfer immunization by using
      monoclonal antibody directed against the P30 antigen. Immunofluorescence assay of
      brain tissue cyst bradyzoites revealed a total absence of P30 antigen.
      Bradyzoites were also deficient in another major tachyzoite antigen of
      approximate m.w. 22,000 (P22). Mouse antibradyzoite serum absorbed with
      tachyzoites recognized bradyzoites but failed to identify tachyzoites. This
      suggests that there are stage-specific bradyzoite antigens of Toxoplasma gondii.

PMID- 3884711
TI  - Recognition of a Mr 56K glycoprotein on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum
      merozoites by mouse monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Hybridomas were prepared from mice repeatedly injected with disrupted Plasmodium
      falciparum (FVO isolate) schizonts and merozoites. Antibodies secreted by two of
      these hybridomas were shown by immunoelectron microscopy to bind to the surface
      of merozoites from the FVO isolate. These monoclonal antibodies (McAb) reacted
      with the FVO and Geneva isolates by an indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT)
      and immunoprecipitated a protein of relative molecular weight (Mr) 56K from both
      isolates. The 56K protein could be labeled with [35S] methionine and
      [3H]glucosamine. Glycosidase treatment of the affinity-purified polypeptide
      proved that the [3H]glucosamine had been incorporated into sugar side chains and
      that this protein (called gp56) was glycosylated. The anti-gp56 McAb did not
      react by IFAT or immunoprecipitation with four isolates (Honduras I, Indochina I,
      Tanzania I, and Kenya) that lack gp56 but contain major glycoproteins of Mr 50K.
      Antibodies from an Aotus monkey immune to the FVO isolate immunoprecipitated gp56
      from both the FVO and Geneva isolates, but did not immunoprecipitate the 50K
      glycoproteins from the other four isolates. Extraction experiments conducted with
      the nonionic detergent Triton X-114 indicate that some of the gp56 molecules are
      hydrophilic and that the others are either hydrophobic or interact with
      hydrophobic molecules. These results, together with the electron microscopic
      data, suggest that the hydrophilic gp56 is a component of the extracellular
      matrix and that the hydrophobic gp56 may be associated with the plasma membrane
      of the merozoite.

PMID- 3884712
TI  - Combined ex vivo treatment with immunotoxins and mafosfamid: a novel
      immunochemotherapeutic approach for elimination of neoplastic T cells from
      autologous marrow grafts.
AB  - We evaluated a novel ex vivo "purging" protocol for selective elimination of
      neoplastic T cells from human marrow by using a sensitive clonogenic assay.
      Immunotoxins (IT) were synthesized by conjugating ricin (R) to four different
      monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) directed against distinct markers of T cell lineage.
      Treatment with anti-p67-R produced effective elimination of leukemic T cells from
      human marrow. The cyclophosphamide congener mafosfamid (ASTA Z 7577) markedly
      enhanced the target cell cytotoxicity of IT and extended the final level of
      clonogenic kill 2 to 3 logs. Our data show that anti-p67-R in combination with
      mafosfamid resulted in a maximum elimination of 6.2 logs of neoplastic T cells
      with minimal toxicity to normal bone marrow progenitors. The efficiency of this
      protocol was not reduced in the presence of excess normal bone marrow cells.
      Similar findings were obtained by using a cocktail of four different anti-T cell
      IT. This approach is unique in combining both immunologic (IT) and chemical
      (mafosfamid) strategies for more effective ex vivo bone marrow purging in
      autologous bone marrow transplantation for T cell acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma.

PMID- 3884713
TI  - Binding of calmodulin to the microfilament network correlates with induction of a
      macrophage tumoricidal response.
AB  - Induction of mouse peritoneal macrophage cytotoxicity against SV3T3, a line of
      virally transformed mouse cells correlated with the distribution of cytoplasmic
      calmodulin in the macrophages. The organization of the cytoskeleton was examined
      by fluorescent microscopy and by transmission electron microscopy, using
      immunogold tagging after Triton-X-100 (TX-100) extraction of the macrophages.
      Macrophages that had been activated to a tumoricidal state in vivo by vaccinia
      virus or in vitro by lymphokine stimulation displayed cytoskeletal networks that
      were more extended and weblike than did resident macrophages. The organization of
      microfilaments and microtubules in the cytoskeleton was displayed by using either
      anti-actin or anti-tubulin. Immunogold labeling of tumoricidal macrophage
      cytoskeletons with anti-calmodulin revealed strong binding to the microfilament
      network and no binding to microtubules. Anti-calmodulin reacted weakly with the
      cytoskeletal network of resident macrophages, and this was not demonstrably
      greater than the reaction with normal sheep serum. However, resident macrophages
      displayed a high density of calmodulin (CAM) associated with unidentifiable
      structures in the perinuclear region when reacted with anti-calmodulin. These
      characteristic distributions of CAM in resident and activated macrophages was
      confirmed by immunofluorescence. The total and cytoskeletal-associated amounts of
      calmodulin per unit of protein were determined by radioimmune assay and 125I
      labeling followed by SDS-PAGE. No statistically significant differences were
      detected between resident and activated macrophages in either the total cell or
      cytoskeleton fractions. In summary, our results suggest that induction of
      tumoricidal activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages correlates with the
      translocation of calmodulin to the microfilament network of the cytoskeleton.

PMID- 3884714
TI  - The evaluation of a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for
      anti-Aspergillus fumigatus IgG.
AB  - A standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for anti-Aspergillus
      fumigatus IgG in human serum was modified to produce a quantitative assay. The
      resulting assay was reproducible and capable of separating individual precipitin
      line groups and provided a means of monitoring the variation in antibody levels
      over long periods in patients with pulmonary aspergillosis.

PMID- 3884715
TI  - Cross-reactivity between solid-phase immunoassay plates and intermediate
      filaments demonstrated by human monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - While screening supernatants of human-human hybridomas for rheumatoid factor and
      anti-cellular activity we found that a significant number of supernatants which
      react with the Falcon-polyvinyl chloride immunoassay plate used in an enzyme
      linked immunosorbent rheumatoid factor assay also react with intracellular
      intermediate filaments.

PMID- 3884716
TI  - Direct sensitive immunocharacterization of gangliosides on plastic thin-layer
      plates using peroxidase staining.
AB  - A technique for the immunocharacterization of gangliosides on thin-layer plates
      using a peroxidase-labelled anti-Ig antibody is described. The technique uses
      plastic plates and does not necessitate any transfer of the antigen onto
      nitrocellulose for immunodetection. Being extremely sensitive, it permits the
      characterization of gangliosides which cannot be detected by classical
      densitometric techniques and allows the detection of gangliosides even in trace
      amounts in ganglioside mixtures. It appears to be useful for the screening of
      monoclonal antibodies because of its rapidity. Its specificity was found to be
      analogous to other immunological techniques such as complement fixation and
      agglutination.

PMID- 3884717
TI  - Shigella flexneri bacteraemia.
AB  - Shigellosis is usually a non-invasive enteric disease, rarely accompanied by
      extra-intestinal manifestations. Shigella septicaemia is therefore reported in a
      child aged 10 months. In the laboratory the organism was resistant to ampicillin
      and only moderately susceptible to chloramphenicol. The patient responded well to
      cotrimoxazole to which the organism isolated was susceptible in vitro. We
      recommend that blood as well as faeces should be cultured in exceptionally ill
      patients with suspected or otherwise confirmed shigella infection.

PMID- 3884718
TI  - [Ultrasonic detection of intracranial hemorrhage].

PMID- 3884719
TI  - Cigarette smoking--induced enhancement of platelet function: lack of prevention
      by aspirin in men with coronary artery disease.
AB  - Increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among cigarette smokers may be
      mediated in part by enhanced platelet function. Previous data showed that
      cigarette smoking--induced lowering of the platelet aggregate ratio of normal
      individuals was prevented by taking aspirin before smoking. Our study was
      undertaken to determine whether similar results would occur in men with coronary
      artery disease and whether platelet factor 4 would be released. A random-order,
      double-blind crossover study comparing the effects of placebo, 0.15 gm aspirin,
      and 0.30 gm aspirin was done in 30 male habitual smokers with coronary artery
      disease. Each man took a tablet containing placebo or aspirin and then abstained
      from smoking for 12 hours before each of three 20-minute periods of smoking two
      tobacco cigarettes. Immediately before and after smoking, the platelet aggregate
      ratio and the concentration of platelet factor 4 in platelet-poor plasma were
      determined from antecubital venous blood. Twelve hours after placebo, the
      geometric mean concentration of platelet factor 4 was 13.6 ng/ml before and 19.7
      ng/ml after smoking (P = 0.0006). The mean platelet aggregate ratio was 0.77 and
      0.72, respectively (P less than 0.00001). Neither dose of aspirin affected the
      presmoking value of or the smoking-induced change in either variable. The data
      indicate that smoking stimulated platelet aggregate formation and release of the
      contents of platelet alpha-granules, which were unaffected by preadministration
      of aspirin. This contrasts with the previous study of normal habitual smokers
      whose ingestion of 0.32 gm aspirin prevented a smoking-induced decrease in the
      platelet aggregate ratio.

PMID- 3884720
TI  - Reduction in slow intercompartmental clearance of urea during dialysis.
AB  - The kinetics of urea and inulin were analyzed in five anesthetized dogs during
      sequential 2-hour periods before, during, and after hemodialysis. The
      distribution of both compounds after simultaneous intravenous injection was
      characterized by three-compartment models, and the total volumes of urea (0.66 +/
      0.05 L/kg) and inulin (0.19 +/- 0.01 L/kg) distribution were similar to expected
      values for total body water and extravascular space, respectively.
      Intercompartmental clearances calculated before dialysis were used to estimate
      blood flows to the fast and slow equilibrating compartments. In agreement with
      previous results, the sum of these flows was similar to cardiac output, averaging
      101% of cardiac output measured before dialysis (range 72% to 135%). Dialysis was
      accompanied by reductions in the slow intercompartmental clearances of urea (81%)
      and inulin (47%), which reflected a 90% attenuation in blood flow supplying the
      slow equilibrating compartments. This was estimated to result in a 10% average
      reduction in the efficiency with which urea was removed by dialysis (range 2.0%
      to 16.4%). Mean arterial pressure fell by less than 5% during dialysis, but total
      peripheral resistance increased by 47% and cardiac output fell by 35%. In the
      postdialysis period, total peripheral resistance and cardiac output returned
      toward predialysis values, but blood flow to the slow equilibrating peripheral
      compartment was still reduced by 80%. These changes parallel activation of the
      renin-angiotensin system, but further studies are required to establish
      causality.

PMID- 3884721
TI  - Reactivity of anti-asialo GM1 serum with tumoricidal and non-tumoricidal mouse
      macrophages.
AB  - All peritoneal macrophage (pM phi) populations studied exhibited some binding of
      the anti-asGM1 serum as assessed by flow cytometry. The levels of reactivity
      varied quantitatively among populations, depending on the combination of
      eliciting and activating agents employed prior to the harvest of pM phi. Resident
      pM phi contained a very small percentage (4%) of cells that were strongly asGM1+.
      Any treatment of these cells that induced them to become stimulated or activated
      increased the percentage of highly asGM1+ cells. Treatments that enhanced anti
      asGM1 binding including eliciting pM phi with proteose peptone (16% asGM1+) or
      Brewer's thioglycollate medium (66% asGM1+), treatment with the activating
      biological response modifiers (BRMs) MVE-2 (12% asGM1+) and P acnes (18% asGM1+),
      or treatment with both peptone + MVE-2 (37% asGM1+) or peptone + poly IC/LC
      (33%). Increased expression of anti-asGM1 was accompanied by some increase in the
      reactivity of the various pM phi populations to treatment with anti-asGM1 serum.
      This conclusion was based on the reduced viabilities of cells treated with both
      an eliciting agent and an activating agent prior to in vitro treatment with anti
      asGM1 + C, as well as by reductions in cytolytic activity of pM phi elicited with
      peptone and activated by MVE-2, following anti-asGM1 treatment in vitro or
      administration in vivo. Conversely, the cytolytic activity of resident pM phi
      activated in vivo by MVE-2 or heat-killed P acnes, agents that induced relatively
      small increases in the percentage of asGM1+ cells, was resistant to the effects
      of in vivo and/or in vitro treatment with doses of anti-asGM1 serum that inhibit
      NK activity. These results indicate that stimulation of pM phi by eliciting or
      activating agents can increase the level of expression of asGM1. This increased
      expression of asGM1 may be a useful marker for some aspects of macrophage
      heterogeneity, but increased expression is not necessarily directly related to
      expression of tumoricidal activity. In fact, the results of this study
      demonstrate that anti-asGM1 serum can be used for specific depletion of NK
      activity in vivo in normal mice and in mice treated with at least some BRMs.
      However, the results also demonstrate that the use of eliciting agents,
      particularly thioglycollate, or eliciting agents in conjunction with activating
      agents can cause pM phi to become reactive with anti-asGM1 serum.

PMID- 3884722
TI  - Recent developments in interpositional bone-grafting of the atrophic mandible.
AB  - A clinical study on 54 patients, who underwent augmentation of the atrophic
      mandible by interposed bone-grafts, but in whom routine follow-up vestibuloplasty
      was deliberately avoided, is presented. The results show a reduced rate of bone
      resorption in the anterior region and less interference with lip and chin
      sensibility. An additional study is included concerning the fate of the elevated
      ridge and associated bone-graft in the body region posterior to the mental
      foramen. Results suggest that the resorption pattern in this area is very similar
      to that of a subperiosteal bone-graft. Modification of surgical technique in this
      regard has produced encouraging results.

PMID- 3884723
TI  - On the occasion of the centenary of the birth of Wolfgang Rosenthal.

PMID- 3884724
TI  - [Pulsatility index and circulatory resistance factor in arteriopathies of the
      lower extremities].
AB  - Pulsatility index (P.I.) and Resistance factor (Gosling) are computed on Doppler
      arterial recordings in 43 healthy subjects and 95 arteriopathies (184 lower
      limbs). The statistical analysis points out the high significance of tibial P.I.
      for early diagnosis of arterial disease, of femoral P.I. for assessment of aorto
      iliac stenosis or obstruction and of the ratio tibial P.I./femoral P.I. in the
      evaluation of leg arteries patency. The popliteal P.I. discriminates proximal and
      distal lesions.

PMID- 3884725
TI  - Responsibility for personal health: a historical perspective.
AB  - Reflections about the role of human choice in determining personal health occur
      in the writings of practitioners and laymen throughout history. THe Greek and
      Roman writers emphasized the effect of life's activities. During the Middle Ages
      and Renaissance, disease continued to be seen as a consequence of disorder of the
      bodily humors, which were under the individual's control. THe rise of the
      paternalistic national regimes in Europe produced the view that society had the
      responsibility to maintain health. Jacksonian egalitarianism led to a reaction
      against the aggressive therapies of established professional experts, a view
      furthered by the Thomsonian belief that people should wrist control of their
      health away from orthodox physicians. Among the twentieth century reactions was
      the movement to urge people to have doctors evaluate laypersons' health. By the
      1970s a movement emerged emphasizing again personal responsibility, which, in
      turn, produced a concern that this was merely "victim-blaming". Views on the role
      of lay people in determining personal health are heavily influenced by prevailing
      social, political, and moral climates.

PMID- 3884726
TI  - Lay obligations in professional relations.
AB  - Little has been written recently about the obligations of lay people in
      professional relationships. Yet the Code of Medical Ethics adopted by the
      American Medical Association in 1847 included an extensive statement on
      "Obligations of patients to their physicians'. After critically examining the
      philosophical foundations of this statement, I provide an alternative account of
      lay obligations in professional relationships. Based on a hypothetical social
      contract and included in a full specification of professional as well as lay
      obligations, this account requires lay people to honor commitments and disclose
      relevant information. Ethically, the account assumes that all parties in lay
      professional relationships should be given equal consideration and respect in
      determining rights and obligations. Factually, it assumes that the treatment of
      many illnesses and injuries required collaboration and cooperation among lay
      persons and health professionals, that medical resources and personnel are
      limited, and that medicine, nursing, and related health professions, are, in
      MacIntyre's sense, practices.

PMID- 3884727
TI  - Stabilization of the substrate reaction of horseradish peroxidase with o
      phenylenediamine in the enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - When the horseradish peroxidase reaction is stopped with acid, the decay of
      unconverted hydrogen peroxide is responsible for the further oxidation of o
      phenylenediamine. This leads to a time-dependent flattening of the standard curve
      in the enzyme immunoassay, after the reaction has been stopped. Addition of
      reducing agents, such as sulphite ions, to the stopping solution, prevents the
      further oxidation of o-phenylenediamine by completely reducing the remaining
      hydrogen peroxide. The developed colour is then stabilized.

PMID- 3884728
TI  - Initiation of luminol-based luminescence by injection of a single reagent,
      coupled with enhancement of light-output.
AB  - We describe the development of a single-reagent addition to initiate the light
      output in the oxidation of 6-(N-(4-aminobutyl-N-ethyl)isoluminol) hemisuccinamide
      (ABEI-H) as the final step in solid-phase luminescence immunoassays. Up until
      now, the disadvantage of luminol-based luminescence was the need to inject three
      solutions to optimise stability and performance in immunoassays. By combining
      these reagents, (pseudoperoxidase, sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide), it
      has become possible to develop a system which is stable over several hours, and
      which, almost as a "spin-off" product, has a light-output between 2 and 5-fold
      that of the original system at the same time hardly altering the reagent blank.
      Such a system has the advantage that it can be easily adapted to automatic closed
      systems when these become available for luminescence immunoassays. With this
      implementation, single-injection light-initiation reactions are not restricted to
      acridinium-ester or fluorescein isothiocyanate luminescence.

PMID- 3884729
TI  - Discussion of "sudden infant death syndrome: measurement of total and specific
      serum immunoglobulin E (IgE)".

PMID- 3884730
TI  - The ftsA gene product: a possible connection between DNA replication and
      septation in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The study of Escherichia coli strain D-2, which harbours the ftsA2(ts) allele,
      has shown that temperature-induced filaments of this strain can divide, at 30
      degrees C, in the absence of DNA replication and translation. Strain D-2 is
      thermosensitive during a period coincident with that in which the termination
      protein should be synthesized and exert its action. The ftsA gene product, which
      participates in the structure of the septum, needs for its synthesis a short
      period of DNA replication. The FtsA protein could be involved in a mechanism that
      coordinates chromosome replication and cell division by a pathway different from
      and independent of the SOS-induced response.

PMID- 3884731
TI  - Inhibition of glucosamine synthase by bacilysin and anticapsin.
AB  - L-Glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase ('glucosamine synthase', EC
      5.3.1.19) from Escherichia coli MRE 600 was purified at least 75-fold. It
      catalysed the formation of 21.1 mumol glucosamine 6-phosphate (mg protein)-1 in
      30 min at 37 degrees C. Its molecular weight, estimated by gel filtration, was
      about 90000 and it was inhibited by thiol group reagents. Anticapsin, the C
      terminal amino acid of the dipeptide antibiotic bacilysin, and to a lesser extent
      bacilysin itself, inhibited glucosamine synthase activity. Kinetic studies
      indicated that the inhibition was non-competitive with respect to fructose 6
      phosphate as substrate but partly competitive with respect to L-glutamine.
      Incubation of the enzyme with anticapsin brought about a time-dependent and
      irreversible inhibition. It is suggested that anticapsin behaves as a glutamine
      analogue and that a reaction of its epoxide group with a thiol group of
      glucosamine synthase results in its linkage to the enzyme by a covalent bond.

PMID- 3884732
TI  - The sterols of growth and stationary phases of Aspergillus nidulans cultures.
AB  - The accumulation of 4-desmethyl and 4,4-dimethyl sterols, as well as the
      triterpenoid beta-amyrin, was analysed during both exponential and stationary
      phases of Aspergillus nidulans growth. Throughout growth, the amount of 4
      desmethyl sterol was proportional to the cellular dry weight, while the dimethyl
      sterols and beta-amyrin stopped accumulating after day 2. The sterols were found
      primarily as the free alcohol and not as fatty acid esters, the glycosides, or
      acyl glycosides. The amount of beta-amyrin in stationary phase cultures was
      affected by the concentrations of Mg2+ and Cu2+.

PMID- 3884733
TI  - Escherichia coli K12 strains for use in the identification and characterization
      of colicins.
AB  - A collection of strains derived from Escherichia coli K12 W3110 and harbouring
      various colicin or microcin plasmids (18 and 2 representatives, respectively), or
      carrying well-characterized mutations conferring reduced colicin/microcin
      sensitivity is described. The strains can be used in typing schemes based on the
      identification of colicins, in the detection of new types of colicins/microcins,
      and in the further characterization of previously identified colicins/microcins
      and their plasmids.

PMID- 3884734
TI  - The toxic role of alpha-haemolysin in the pathogenesis of experimental
      Escherichia coli infection in mice.
AB  - Filtrates from strains of Escherichia coli possessing plasmid-cloned haemolysin
      (Hly) genes and from strains possessing 'wild' Hly plasmids were lethal for mice
      on intravenous inoculation; similar doses of preparations from derivatives of
      these strains in which the Hly genes had been rendered non-functional or which
      did not possess the 'wild' plasmids were not. Live cultures of both kinds of Hly+
      strain usually had a lower lethal dose for mice on intraperitoneal inoculation
      than the corresponding Hly- forms. Mice that had been inoculated with Hly+ forms
      had shorter survival times and lower numbers of organisms in peritoneal washings,
      lungs and blood at point of death than mice that had been inoculated with the
      corresponding Hly- forms; this was also so for mice pre-treated with FeSO4, a
      procedure which rendered mice equally susceptible to the lethal effects of the
      Hly+ and Hly- forms of a strain. In FeSO4-treated mice the numbers of organisms
      in the tissues of those dying from infection with Hly+ organisms were no higher
      than they were at the same time after inoculation in others given the
      corresponding Hly- forms; before mice of the latter category died the numbers of
      organisms in their tissues increased greatly. The clinical and pathological signs
      exhibited by mice inoculated with Hly+ organisms, but not with Hly- organisms,
      resembled those exhibited by mice inoculated with bacteria-free haemolysin
      preparations. These results suggest that haemolysin played a significant role in
      the pathogenesis of the disease produced by the Hly+ organisms by having a direct
      toxic action on the host.

PMID- 3884735
TI  - Clinical evaluation of a monoclonal assay for hepatitis B surface antigen:
      identification of "HBsAg-like" polypeptides non-reactive in conventional
      radioimmunoassays.
AB  - An immunoradiometric assay for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) that employs
      monoclonal antibodies directed against the common epitope(s) of HBsAg was used to
      analyse 3,694 samples of human serum. Further analysis of those sera identified
      as HBsAg-positive in this assay demonstrated that the findings with the
      monoclonal-antibody-based assay correlated with the presence of HBsAg as
      determined by Austria II. A small proportion of apparently false-positive
      reactions were observed, in that some sera, although reactive with the monoclonal
      antibodies, were not positive in conventional immunoassays using polyclonal
      antisera, nor were they neutralisable with polyclonal anti-HBs. The material
      purified by monoclonal immunoabsorbants from representative "true" and "false
      positive" sera was run on polyacrylamide gels and examined under the electron
      microscope. The antigen in the apparently false-positive sera contained some
      polypeptides of similar size to those found in HBsAg, but no virus particles were
      seen by electron microscopy. The majority of patients with this monoclonal
      antibody-reactive antigen gave either a history of hepatitis B virus (HBV)
      contact or had signs of liver disease.

PMID- 3884736
TI  - The development of monoclonal antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus and their
      use in diagnosis by indirect immunofluorescence.
AB  - Twelve clones of murine hybridoma cells secreting antibody specific for
      respiratory syncytial (RS) virus were classified into four groups on the basis of
      their pattern of staining of unfixed RS virus-infected HEp-2 cells in an indirect
      immunofluorescence test. Three of the groups reacted with virus antigens present
      on the membrane of the cells, whilst the fourth group failed to stain most live
      cells, suggesting specificity for an antigen expressed internally. Representative
      monoclonals from the membrane antigen staining groups immunoprecipitated the 86K
      glycoprotein (G), 50K plus 19K glycoprotein (F1,2) and a 23K non-glycosylated
      protein (VP23). A representative monoclonal from the fourth group that appeared
      to stain an internally expressed protein immunoprecipitated the virion 34K
      phospho-protein (P). All four monoclonals stained acetone-fixed tissue culture
      cells infected with either the Long strain of RS virus or with strains isolated
      in Newcastle during the 1965, 1972, and 1983 winter epidemics. The anti-fusion
      protein antibody stained acetone-fixed cells from all of 26 nasopharyngeal
      secretions from infants with RS virus infection. The anti-G glycoprotein antibody
      and the anti-VP23 antibody stained cells from secretions poorly or not at all,
      whilst the anti-P protein antibody stained cells in half the secretions tested
      but reacted with only a small proportion of cells in comparison with the anti-F
      or polyclonal antibodies. A pool of all four monoclonals produced more intense
      staining than the anti-F monoclonal alone and gave a more clearly defined
      staining reaction than the polyclonal antiserum used for routine diagnosis in
      over half the secretions. These results indicate that monoclonal antibodies will
      be of value in the diagnosis of RS virus by indirect immunofluorescence if care
      is taken in the selection of a suitable pool.

PMID- 3884737
TI  - Hepatitis D virus antibody in HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative substance abusers
      with chronic liver disease.
AB  - The hepatitis D virus (HDV; previously called the "delta agent") is a defective
      organism which can replicate only in the presence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV).
      We tested the serum of 95 substance abusers, all of whom had sufficient evidence
      of chronic liver disease to warrant a liver biopsy, for hepatitis D virus
      antibody (anti-HDV). Anti-HDV was detected in five of eight hepatitis B surface
      antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients and 12 of 87 (14%) HBsAg-negative patients.
      Antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) was the sole hepatitis B
      marker in eight of the 12 (67%) anti-HDV-positive, HBsAg-negative patients but in
      only 14 of 75 (19%) anti-HDV-negative, HBsAg-negative patients (P less than
      0.005). None of the anti-HDV-positive, HBsAg-negative patients had detectable IgM
      anti-HBc in the serum or hepatitis D antigen in liver tissue, and they had
      similar clinical features and liver biopsy diagnoses to HBsAg-negative patients
      without anti-HDV. We conclude that anti-HDV in HBsAg-negative substance abusers
      reflects infection with HDV and HBV in the distant past and does not indicate
      more severe liver disease than that seen in HBsAg-negative patients without anti
      HDV.

PMID- 3884738
TI  - Rotavirus infection in a small community.
AB  - Serial titres of rotavirus specific IgG and IgM have been measured in children
      and adults living in a small community over a 2 1/4-year period. In all age
      groups the mean titres of rotavirus specific IgG and IgM rose and fell in
      parallel with the changes in frequency of gastroenteritis symptoms in the
      community but after the time when respiratory symptoms reached their peak.
      Gastroenteritis symptoms were seen most commonly in the children but were also
      frequent in adults, especially the women. Titres of rotavirus specific IgG
      changed with age, increasing through childhood into early adult life, but
      decreased thereafter only to increase again in those over the age of 50 years.
      Females had higher levels of IgG in all age groups but especially among the
      children and 30-49-year-old women. The high levels of IgG did not protect the
      young adults from symptomatic gastroenteritis. Detectable levels of rotavirus
      specific IgM occurred in all age groups but more commonly in children aged under
      10 years and in young adults. Raised levels of IgM were uncommon in the elderly,
      who rarely suffered gastroenteritis symptoms. An epidemiological model is
      proposed in which the older members of the community act as a reservoir of
      rotavirus, passing the infection to the children, who then infect the young
      adults.

PMID- 3884739
TI  - A clinically relevant guide to the differential diagnosis of depression.
AB  - Reviewing the current literature on affective disorders reveals controversy and
      confusion at the most fundamental levels of terminology and description. A valid,
      etiologically and pathophysiologically grounded nosology has not as yet emerged.
      To the practicing clinician, the therapeutic and prognostic significance of the
      various diagnostic categories is of greatest interest. In this paper, those
      diagnostic categories with the most clearly demonstrated and empirically
      supported therapeutic and prognostic significance are outlined in a flow sheet
      format with accompanying text. Areas of diagnostic overlap and terminological
      confusion are delineated.

PMID- 3884740
TI  - Incidence and implications of alexithymia in chronic pain patients.
AB  - Alexithymia is a clinical phenomenon that has been found to occur with some
      frequency in psychosomatic disorders. Its prevalence in psychosomatic patients
      suggests that it could be observed in chronic pain patients as well. The present
      study examines the incidence of alexithymia in chronic pain patients as assessed
      by the Archetypal Test with Nine Elements (AT9). Patients' scores on the AT9
      (SAT9) were examined in conjunction with McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) data,
      MMPI subscale scores, and patient data. There were no significant relationships
      found between SAT9, MMPI, and MPQ scores. These observations are examined with
      reference to the nature of the assessment instruments used. Implications of these
      observations for theory and therapy are discussed.

PMID- 3884742
TI  - The pre-morbid personality of patients with Parkinson's disease.
AB  - A review of the extensive descriptive literature suggests that many Parkinsonian
      patients exhibit an emotional and attitudinal inflexibility, a lack of affect and
      a predisposition to depressive illness, which may antecede the development of
      motor abnormalities by several decades. Introspective, over-controlled, anhedonic
      personality traits together with suppressed aggresivity are frequently found. It
      is unclear whether these behavioural patterns are relevant aetiological factors
      or prodromal symptoms of the disease.

PMID- 3884743
TI  - Prolactin cell autoantibodies and Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3884741
TI  - Herpes zoster ophthalmicus followed by contralateral hemiparesis: report of two
      cases and review of literature.
AB  - Two patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus and contralateral hemiparesis are
      described, and their findings compared with 49 patients previously reported.
      These patients presented with delayed contralateral hemiparesis approximately
      seven weeks after the onset of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Most patients had
      evidence of infarction of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery by angiography
      or by CT scan. Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis and elevated protein commonly were
      found. Twenty per cent of the reported patients died, but they were older than
      the patients who survived and predisposed to have diffuse CNS lesions. The
      pathogenesis of this syndrome is thought to be due to direct viral invasion of
      the blood vessel wall with resulting angiitis. Further studies need to be
      performed to clarify the role of specific antiviral therapy or anti-inflammatory
      agents in treating this complication of herpes zoster.

PMID- 3884744
TI  - A sensitive and simple method for determination of IgM in cerebrospinal fluid by
      a solid-phase enzyme-immunoassay. Comparison of two different methods.
AB  - A sensitive and simple solid-phase enzyme-immunoassay for quantitative
      determination of IgM in cerebrospinal fluid has been developed. This method is
      based on a sandwich technique and is much more sensitive than the competition
      enzyme-immunoassay which we described previously. The IgM values obtained by this
      sandwich technique were well correlated with those by the competition technique.
      This new method is considered to be more suitable for the estimation of IgM in
      cerebrospinal fluid because of its simplicity and good sensitivity.

PMID- 3884745
TI  - Familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Japan. Three cases in a family with white
      matter involvement.
AB  - Three cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease occurring in one family have been
      clinicopathologically examined. Although the age at onset, duration, and age at
      death differed for each case, pathological findings, including diffuse neuronal
      loss, astrocytosis, spongiform changes and patchy and/or diffuse white matter
      involvement were similar. Life histories and inheritance patterns of the present
      3 cases and 2 other families previously reported in Japan are compared with the
      general findings for familial cases in western countries.

PMID- 3884746
TI  - Comparative activity and toxicity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) and a
      combination of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and DDP in disseminated
      transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary tract.
AB  - From October 1978 to October 1981, 135 patients with disseminated transitional
      cell carcinomas of the urinary tract, with either measurable or evaluable
      disease, were randomized to receive either cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) or
      cyclophosphamide (CTX), Adriamycin (ADR) (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio),
      and DDP (CAD). DDP was given at a dose of 60 mg/m2, CTX at 400 mg/m2, and ADR at
      40 mg/m2 intravenously every three weeks. Patients over the age of 65 and those
      with prior radiation received 75% of the dose initially. The dose was escalated
      if only mild toxicity developed. Of the patients on the CAD arm, 34% developed
      grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity, as compared to 3% in patients on the DDP
      therapy. Of the 93 patients with measurable disease, 48 received DDP. Seventeen
      percent had a partial or complete remission, as compared to 33% of the 45
      patients on the CAD arm (P = .09). The crude median survival of patients on DDP
      was 6.0 months as compared to 7.3 months in patients receiving CAD (P = .17). We
      conclude that the CAD combination is more toxic than DDP with, at best, very
      marginal benefit in survival.

PMID- 3884747
TI  - The effect of administration rate on cisplatin-induced emesis.
AB  - In an attempt to determine the influence of administration time on cisplatin
      induced emesis, 20 adults previously untreated with cisplatin were enrolled into
      this double-blind study. Twenty patients were randomly assigned to receive high
      dose cisplatin (greater than 100 mg/m2) either by a one-hour infusion or by an
      eight-hour infusion. All patients received antiemetic therapy with metoclopramide
      2 mg/kg intravenously one-half hour before cisplatin administration, and 1 1/2, 3
      1/2, 5 1/2, and 8 1/2 hours after cisplatin administration. Patients in the eight
      hour infusion group experienced significantly fewer emesis episodes than did
      patients in the one-hour infusion group. The median of emesis episodes in the
      eight-hour group was one (range, 0 to 2) and in the one-hour group was three
      (range, 0 to 8). In patients receiving high-dose cisplatin plus metoclopramide,
      increasing the administration time from one hour to eight hours resulted in a
      small but significant decrease in emesis episodes. The cisplatin infusion rate
      should be considered as a variable in cisplatin-antiemetic trials.

PMID- 3884748
TI  - Amsacrine (AMSA)--a clinical review.

PMID- 3884749
TI  - Release of acetylcholine from embryonic neurons upon contact with muscle cell.
AB  - When a spherical muscle cell (myoball) was manipulated into contact with either
      the soma or the neurite of an isolated neuron in 2-day-old Xenopus nerve-muscle
      cultures, depolarizations similar to miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) were
      frequently detected in the muscle cell. These depolarizations occurred within
      minutes after myoball-soma contact and within seconds after myoball-neurite
      contact. They had time course and amplitude distribution similar to those of the
      MEPPs recorded from naturally occurring neuromuscular synapses between neurites
      and muscle cells found in the same cultures, but they occurred at a lower
      frequency and had smaller average amplitudes. These depolarizations were induced
      by acetylcholine (ACh) since they were reversibly blocked by addition of d
      tubocurarine into the culture, and they were abolished in muscle cells pretreated
      with alpha-bungarotoxin before contact with the neuron. Greater than 60% of the
      neuronal population in these cultures released ACh upon this direct muscle
      contact. The appearance of MEPP-like potentials in the myoball upon contact with
      an isolated neuron suggests that the cellular machinery responsible for ACh
      release is present throughout the neuron and that packages of ACh molecules are
      available for release prior to nerve-muscle synapse formation. We also found that
      neurons which had previously made synapse with other muscle cells in the culture
      all failed to release ACh from the soma and showed reduced release capability at
      the neurite for the first 30 min to 1 hr of contact with a myoball. This finding
      suggests that, during synapatogenesis, there is a depletion of ACh molecules
      and/or substances responsible for the triggering of their release in the
      extrasynaptic regions of the neuron.

PMID- 3884750
TI  - Horizons in radionuclide therapy: 1985 update.
AB  - In 1981, I made the strong statement that "The therapeutic approach of internally
      administered radiopharmaceuticals offers the potential to outmode the present
      approaches of conventional radiation therapy and chemotherapy." The present
      article updates and further supports this statement with new data, especially
      with the use of [131I]MIBG in several cancers and proposes a plan for application
      of nonsealed source radionuclide therapy to most solid tumors.

PMID- 3884751
TI  - A finger on the pulse of change.
AB  - This article reviews the institution-based data elements that must be regularly
      analyzed by the nursing administrator. Some of the major exogenous factors having
      impact on today's health care institutions are discussed. A method for developing
      contingency plans as part of the normal ongoing administrative role is suggested.

PMID- 3884752
TI  - Reduced and compensatory growth: endocrine and metabolic changes during food
      restriction and refeeding in steers.
AB  - Effects of food restriction, followed by refeeding, on energy and nitrogen
      metabolism, growth rates and blood levels of hormones and metabolites were
      studied in steers. During the restriction period, which lasted for almost 5 mo,
      allowance for energy and nitrogen were close to maintenance requirements. Heat
      production and growth rates were markedly lowered. In response to reduced food
      intake concentrations of thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), insulin
      (IRI), glucose and alpha-amino-acid nitrogen (AAN) were reduced, those of growth
      hormone (GH) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were elevated, whereas 3,3',5'
      triiodothyronine (rT3) and albumin were not different from levels measured in
      nonrestricted animals. During refeeding heat production and energy balances
      increased, nitrogen balances were transiently elevated and the animals exhibited
      compensatory growth. In response to refeeding, concentrations of T4, T3 and IRI
      increased within days. In contrast, GH decreased whereas rT3 did not change.
      Within 2 d of refeeding there was a rapid fall of NEFA, and an increase of
      glucose, and beta-hydroxybutyrate within 2 and 12 d, respectively. The data
      demonstrate the ability of growing ruminants to adapt rapidly to variations in
      food intake by closely linked metabolic and endocrine changes, which are
      associated with shifts in energy and nitrogen metabolism and, finally, by reduced
      or compensatory growth.

PMID- 3884753
TI  - Arginine and disease states.
AB  - Studies of ammonia intoxication, orotic acid excretion and L-amino acid feeding
      regimens have provided new insights into the biological function of arginine.
      Recent data in near adults of carnivorous species raise doubts about the widely
      held view that arginine is needed in the diet only for optimum growth and that
      adults of mammalian species meet their arginine needs from endogenous synthesis.
      Orotic acid excretion and its suppression by arginine show that liver injury by
      carbon tetrachloride, ethanol, galactosamine and partial hepatectomy perturbs
      ammonia detoxication pathways and adds evidence that orotic acid excretion may be
      useful in detecting liver injury and elevations of tissue ammonia. These forms of
      liver injury also cause aberrations in metabolism of mitochondria, the site of
      the first two enzymatic steps in urea synthesis. This review discusses the
      influence of dietary arginine on insulin secretion, glucose tolerance and
      repletion of lean body mass in animals. Evidence now available gives reason to
      question the tenet that arginine is not required by human infants and shows that
      arginine supplies may be inadequate in a number of disease states. Experimental
      models now available provide new opportunities for studying arginine needs in
      Reye's syndrome and other disorders of ammonia intoxication.

PMID- 3884755
TI  - Evaluation of hazards from mixtures of chemicals in the occupational environment.

PMID- 3884754
TI  - Risk assessment of a cohort exposed to aromatic amines. Initial results.
AB  - A cohort of 1,385 workers potentially exposed to carcinogenic amines was
      evaluated to determine the extent of its risk for bladder cancer. The cumulative
      incidence of bladder cancer was determined from death certificates, from
      interviews with community urologists, and from a screening program. A total of 13
      confirmed cases of bladder cancer were identified at the conclusion of the first
      year of study. The entire cohort has approximately a fourfold excess risk of
      bladder cancer; however, black workers with more than 10 years of employment had
      a risk ratio of 111 (based on three cases). The onset of disease occurred, on the
      average, 15 years earlier in these black workers than in the general U.S.
      population. The cumulative incidence of bladder cancer increased with the
      duration of employment, ranging from 0.4% for workers with five or fewer years of
      employment to 36% for those with greater than 20 years. No significant
      differences were found between cases and noncases for cigarette smoking, coffee
      drinking, use of artificial sweeteners, or prior employment in high-risk
      occupations. More cases of bladder cancer are expected in this cohort because
      many members have not yet achieved the average latency found for the confirmed
      cases.

PMID- 3884756
TI  - The maxillary step osteotomy and Steinmann pin stabilization.
AB  - Use of the maxillary step osteotomy facilitates the transfer of information
      obtained by prediction tracing and model surgery to the patient at the time of
      surgery and allows for a well-visualized bone grafting area in cases of maxillary
      advancement. The use of Steinmann pin maxillary stabilization provides improved
      anteroposterior and vertical stabilization in indicated cases.

PMID- 3884757
TI  - The glomerular ultrastructural distribution of immunoglobulin G in
      hyperalbuminaemic (protein-overload) proteinuria.
AB  - Female Munich-Wistar rats were given intraperitoneal injections either of bovine
      serum albumin to induce proteinuria or of water as a control. Their kidneys were
      fixed in situ. An ultrastructural technique was used to demonstrate IgG
      antiperoxidase antibodies either injected from a heterologous species or
      autologous, induced by immunization with horseradish peroxidase. Photometry of
      electron micrographic negative was used to determine the distribution of
      antiperoxidase antibodies. In glomeruli of control animals IgG was present in the
      basement membrane. There were three sites at which the passage of IgG across the
      basement membrane was hindered: between blood plasma and the lamina rara interna,
      between the lamina densa and the lamina rara externa, and between the lamina rara
      externa and the urinary space. Glomeruli of proteinuric animals were variable in
      appearance, some showing little structural damage and others showing marked
      changes with loss of epithelial foot processes and accumulation of vacuoles and
      protein droplets in epithelial cells. Both types of glomeruli contained IgG in
      the urinary space. The distribution of IgG in the basement membrane of both types
      was similar. Compared with control animals there was less IgG in the basement
      membrane and IgG was distributed uniformly across the basement membrane. The
      proteinuria in hyperalbuminaemia (protein-overload) is associated with a diffuse
      change in the barrier function of the glomerular basement membrane to IgG which
      is, at least in the initial stages, not related to structural changes in
      glomerular epithelial cells.

PMID- 3884758
TI  - Immunohistochemical studies of C-reactive protein and apolipoprotein B in
      inflammatory and arterial lesions.
AB  - Interactions in vivo between C-reactive protein (CRP) and apolipoprotein B (apo
      B)-containing lipoproteins were sought in inflammatory lesions and
      atherosclerosis. CRP was demonstrated immunohistochemically on the surface of
      some muscle fibres in locally induced inflammatory lesions in the rabbit, but
      apoB was not detected in the same distribution. CRP was not detected in catheter
      induced aortic endothelial injuries in the rabbit, in arterial lesions containing
      apoB from cholesterol-fed rabbits, in apoB-containing human fatty streaks or in
      advanced human atherosclerotic lesions.

PMID- 3884759
TI  - Renal hypophosphatemic rickets.

PMID- 3884760
TI  - The decline of rheumatic fever: role of medical intervention. Lewis W. Wannamaker
      Memorial Lecture.

PMID- 3884761
TI  - Neurologic-developmental sequelae of chronic renal failure in infancy.
AB  - Twelve children who have had chronic renal failure since infancy and underwent
      early dialysis (mean age 18 months) and early transplantation (mean age 28
      months) were studied. Although head circumference in all was within the normal
      range at birth, by 1 year it was greater than 2 SD below the mean in nine,
      including six in whom it was greater than 3 SD below the mean. Developmentally,
      eight children were functioning in the subnormal range; four of these were
      moderately and one severely mentally retarded. It was not possible to determine
      whether the unfavorable neurologic-developmental outcome was the result of the
      toxic effects of uremia, malnutrition, or the associated psychosocial and
      experiential deprivation related to chronic, severe illness. Even minor insults
      at this vulnerable stage of brain development may produce permanent damage, and
      institution of therapy as early as possible may be crucial in obtaining a more
      favorable outcome.

PMID- 3884762
TI  - Central precocious puberty complicating a virilizing adrenal tumor: treatment
      with a long-acting LHRH analog.

PMID- 3884763
TI  - Survival of Plasmodium berghei in dead hosts.

PMID- 3884764
TI  - Studies on the North Korean strain of Plasmodium vivax in Aotus monkeys and
      different anophelines.
AB  - Twenty-two Aotus monkeys of different karyotypes were infected with the North
      Korean strain of Plasmodium vivax. Aotus lemurinus griseimembra animals from
      Colombia produced higher maximum parasitemias and more readily infected
      mosquitoes than did Aotus monkeys from Bolivia (K-VI) or Peru (K-V and K-X).
      Comparative feedings indicated that the most susceptible mosquito species was
      Anopheles stephensi, followed by An. gambiae, An. dirus, An. freeborni, An.
      quadrimaculatus, An. culicifacies, and An. maculatus.

PMID- 3884765
TI  - Protection of suckling mice from heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli by
      infant formulas.
AB  - Human milk contains factors that protect suckling infants against enteropathogen
      induced diarrhea. One nonspecific protective factor found in human milk is a
      small molecular weight material that protects suckling mice from death due to the
      heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli. This study demonstrated that cow's
      milk and most formulas derived from cow's milk also contain a factor(s) that can
      protect against heat-stable enterotoxin of E. coli in suckling mice.

PMID- 3884766
TI  - Inefficacy of immunosuppressive treatment in HBSAg-positive, delta-negative,
      moderate chronic active hepatitis in children.
AB  - The efficacy of immunosuppressive treatment was evaluated in a group of 15
      children (aged 2-10 years) affected by clinically asymptomatic, biochemically
      mild, HBSAg-positive, delta-antibody-negative, histologically moderate, chronic
      active hepatitis (CAH). Clinical, biochemical, serological, and histological
      features of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were studied during a
      follow-up of 2 years. Eight of 15 patients received immunosuppressive treatment
      (prednisone plus azathioprine); seven received a placebo. No significant
      differences were found among treated and untreated patients, an overall
      improvement of nearly all parameters of disease (aminotransferases, albumin,
      prothrombin time, immunoglobulins, bromsulphalein at 45 min, and bile acid serum
      levels) being found in both groups. Treated patients showed an improvement in
      aminotransferase levels only at the first 3-month checkup. This finding, however,
      was not statistically significant in our study and disappeared at subsequent
      follow-up examinations. A high incidence of HBeAg was noted at entry into the
      study (10 of 15 patients checked). HBeAg seroconversion was observed in two of
      the six HBeAg-positive treated patients and in two of the four HBeAg-positive
      untreated patients. Finally, the histological picture showed similar patterns in
      both groups of patients studied. Our data suggest that no benefit from
      immunosuppressive therapy can be proven at this time in asymptomatic, moderately
      active, HBsAg-positive, delta-negative CAH in children.

PMID- 3884767
TI  - Freeze-dried bone allografts combined with tetracycline in the treatment of
      juvenile periodontitis.
AB  - Sixteen patients diagnosed as having juvenile periodontitis were randomly placed
      into one of two treatment groups. Group I received local and systemic
      tetracycline (TTC), while Group II received no antibiotics. Osseous defects were
      grafted with allogeneic freeze-dried bone (FDBA) mixed with TTC powder (Group Ia)
      or FDBA alone (Group IIa). Contralateral defects were debrided only in both
      Groups (Ib and IIb). Direct reentry evaluation of 104 measurement sites
      demonstrated significantly greater bone fill (mean = 2.8 mm) and resolution of
      osseous defects (mean = 72.7%) in the TTC/FDBA-treated group (Ia) as compared to
      the TTC plus debridement only (Ib) or no TTC-treated groups (IIa and IIb). The
      results of this study indicate that of the modes of treatment investigated, the
      combination of local and systemic tetracycline coupled with freeze-dried bone
      allografts was the treatment of choice for defects associated with juvenile
      periodontitis.

PMID- 3884769
TI  - Bacteria causing podiatric infections, and processing of clinical specimens.

PMID- 3884768
TI  - Individual differences in phenomenological experience: states of consciousness as
      a function of absorption.
AB  - State manifestations of the trait of absorption--a trait associated with
      differential responsivity to hypnosis, meditation, marijuana intoxification, and
      electromyograph (EMG) biofeedback--were assessed to determine (a) if absorption
      correlates with various (sub)dimensions of phenomenological experience, and (b)
      if individuals of differing absorption ability experience different states of
      consciousness. In two experiments 249 and 304 participants completed Tellegen's
      absorption scale and experienced several stimulus conditions. Each condition's
      phenomenological state was assessed by means of a retrospective self-report
      questionnaire and quantified in terms of intensity and pattern parameters. The
      results indicated that absorption correlated with increased and more vivid
      imagery, inward and absorbed attention, and positive affect; decreased self
      awareness; and increased alterations in state of consciousness and various
      aspects of subjective experience. In addition, individuals of high absorption
      ability, relative to lows, experienced a different state of consciousness during
      ordinary, waking consciousness that became an altered state with eye closure and
      an hypnoticlike induction. The usefulness of the results for understanding
      altered-state induced procedures such as hypnosis is discussed.

PMID- 3884770
TI  - Biomechanical principles in common running injuries.

PMID- 3884772
TI  - The seven basic shoe styles.

PMID- 3884771
TI  - Antibacterial agents, bacterial resistance, and susceptibility tests.

PMID- 3884773
TI  - Conflicts in practice.

PMID- 3884776
TI  - An analysis of margin configurations for metal-ceramic crowns.
AB  - Major types of margin configurations for ceramometal crowns are reviewed. This is
      one of the most commonly misunderstood and poorly practiced aspects of fixed
      prosthodontics. The resultant underprepared teeth produce discolored gingiva and
      chalky crowns.

PMID- 3884774
TI  - Failure of glucose to affect 86rubidium efflux and 45calcium uptake of fetal rat
      pancreatic islets.
AB  - Ion movements and insulin secretion of pancreatic islets of adult and fetal rats
      have been studied at three glucose concentrations. In islets of adult rats, 86Rb
      efflux is maximally decreased by 5.6 mM-glucose. 16.7 mM-glucose caused a
      biphasic efflux pattern which may be due to glucose-stimulated Ca uptake. In
      islets of fetal rats elevation of the glucose concentration from 3 to 5.6 or 16.7
      mM does not cause a change of 86Rb efflux, and the fractional efflux from fetal
      islets in the presence of 3 mM-glucose is similar to that from adult rat islets
      in the presence of 5.6 mM-glucose. Elevation of the glucose concentration from 3
      to 16.7 mM is not associated with an increase in 45Ca uptake into fetal islets,
      although this change in glucose concentration doubles 45Ca uptake into adult
      islets. When challenged with 16.7 mM-glucose, fetal islets exhibit no insulin
      secretory response; however, they do respond to theophylline. It is concluded
      that the failure of fetal islets to exhibit an insulin-secretory response when
      challenged with glucose might be related to the inability of glucose to affect
      86Rb efflux and Ca uptake. The present data are discussed in light of differences
      between pancreatic islets of fetal and adult rats with respect to the redox state
      of pyridine nucleotides, thiols and glucose metabolism.

PMID- 3884775
TI  - Post-exercise ketosis in post-prandial exercise: effect of glucose and alanine
      ingestion in humans.
AB  - This study examined ketosis in response to 90 min of running before and after the
      ingestion of 50 g glucose or 50 g L-alanine in thirty-three athletes. Everyone
      ran 20 km at 07.30 h and then rested, while fasting, till 16.00 h. There were
      four test groups: 'glucose-before', 'glucose-after', 'alanine-before' and
      'alanine-after' according to whether glucose or alanine was ingested at 07.00 h,
      or 09.00 h. Controls did not ingest either test substance. The control 3
      hydroxybutyrate concentration rose from 0.23 +/- 0.03 mmol/l (S.E. of mean) at
      07.00 h to 0.74 +/- 0.27 mmol/l at 12.00 h, and 0.94 +/- 0.33 mmol/l at 16.00 h.
      Glucose ingestion before or after exercise did not influence post-exercise
      ketosis significantly, despite high insulin: glucagon ratios, low free fatty acid
      concentrations and hyperglycaemia. Alanine significantly lowered the 3
      hydroxybutyrate levels, especially after exercise (to 0.14 +/- 0.07 mmol/l at
      12.00 h; P less than 0.05) despite reversed insulin: glucagon ratios. This
      suggests that hepatic responsiveness to portal hyperglycaemia and the main
      hormones of metabolism is altered immediately after exercise, presumably to
      promote muscle glycogen synthesis in preference to liver glycogen synthesis.

PMID- 3884777
TI  - Alteration of occlusal reduction of prepared abutment teeth subsequent to final
      impressions.
AB  - The technique presented can be used in complex restorative situations to alter
      the occlusal reduction of previously prepared abutment teeth to provide adequate
      space for restorative materials. The technique is accurate, inexpensive, easy to
      perform, and time saving. It allows the dentist to alter the tooth preparation
      precisely without inconvenience to the patient.

PMID- 3884778
TI  - Light-activated composite resin as an adjunct to the fabrication of fixed partial
      denture prosthesis.
AB  - A technique that permits characterization of provisional restorations with
      bonding procedures is described. On completion, a glaze of unfilled resin is
      added to ensure a smooth, nonporous, biologically compatible restoration. Shade
      tabs are custom stained for dental laboratory use.

PMID- 3884779
TI  - Margin placement of esthetic veneer crowns. Part IV: Postoperative patient
      attitudes.
AB  - Ninety-one subjects with a total of 196 esthetic veneer crowns with visible
      gingival margins were surveyed. An esthetic analysis of crown margins showing
      with a normal smile and an exaggerated smile was performed and recorded. Patient
      satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the esthetic veneer crowns was assessed. The
      conclusions of this study support the results reported in the first three parts
      of this study, indicate that satisfactory results can be obtained on many
      individuals when the crown margins of esthetic veneer crowns are placed
      supragingivally, and support the philosophy that individual patient education and
      analysis are essential to the selection of optimum margin placement when esthetic
      veneer crowns are the treatment of choice.

PMID- 3884780
TI  - Effect of manipulative variables on the accuracy of crown wax patterns.
AB  - An instrument was developed to carve wax patterns in a reproducible manner. The
      methods of wax application to the die and wax removal during carving were similar
      to routine laboratory procedures. The wax patterns were invested in stone with
      the dies on which they were prepared, and sectioned to allow the determination of
      their adaptation on sectioned samples. Shrinkage of wax patterns on dies was
      found to create a marginal gap at shoulders and bevels. Further shrinkage
      observed after removal from the die was attributed to relaxation of elastic
      stresses in the wax. Carving of bevels improved adaptation to the die for samples
      with large gaps at the shoulder. This improved adaptation can be attributed to
      plastic deformation in the wax bevel. Remodeling of pattern margins was found to
      improve adaptation to the die, especially if carried out after the pattern was
      removed and replaced on the die. Remodeling the margin should involve heating
      with a spatula of a narrow band of wax around the margin up to the axial die wall
      over the entire shoulder width.

PMID- 3884781
TI  - Instrumentation for solving abutment parallelism problems in fixed
      prosthodontics.
AB  - Casts from a number of preparations by dentists with a variety of fixed
      prosthodontic experience levels were surveyed, and the preparations were commonly
      found to contain undercuts, overtapered surfaces, and lack of a parallel path of
      insertion. A new instrumentation for preparing abutment teeth was examined, which
      eliminated the common inaccuracies caused by traditional techniques of using
      freely held handpieces and visually assessing the finished preparations. Three
      clinical preparation procedures were discussed. Each patient posed particularly
      demanding problems that required precise tooth preparation. Each completed
      prosthesis was readily inserted in the mouth due to the unobstructed uniform path
      of insertion. Keyways were not required in any of the prostheses.

PMID- 3884782
TI  - Biometric comparison of bur and electrosurgical retraction methods.
AB  - A biometric comparison of two retraction methods was made on 20 adult patients
      who received complete crowns. Free gingival tissue height was recorded after 4,
      8, and 12 weeks. The conclusions were (1) the electrosurgical method showed more
      tissue loss at each time interval than the bur method, (2) electrosurgical
      retraction showed more subject variability than the bur method, (3) clinically,
      the tissue appearance of both groups was indiscernable at the time intervals
      tested, and (4) the electrosurgical method provided for a greater bulk of
      impression material at the margin than the bur method.

PMID- 3884783
TI  - Adaptation of a prefabricated post to dentin.
AB  - The adaptation of an inventive prefabricated post and core to dentin is presented
      as part of a series of research reports. The authors suggest that the imaginative
      design of the split shaft and its telescoping or collapsible apex reduces stress
      and the finely threaded shaft improves retention.

PMID- 3884784
TI  - Effect of surface treatments on the bond strength of etched-metal resin-bonded
      retainers.
AB  - The effects of surface treatments on the shear bond strength of etched metal to
      bovine enamel were evaluated. Abraded etched metal without contamination had the
      highest shear bond, while debonding occurred within the resin interface rather
      than in the resin to etched metal or resin to enamel.

PMID- 3884785
TI  - Role of gallium in alloy-porcelain bonding.
AB  - With scanning electron micrographs and semiquantitative x-ray analysis, the role
      of gallium in alloy-porcelain bonding was studied. The insight gained from this
      study should be of interest to both dentists and laboratory technicians making
      ceramometal restorations.

PMID- 3884786
TI  - Tensile bond strength of a glass-ionomer cement.
AB  - The tensile load strength of a glass-ionomer cement to untreated, etched, and
      citric acid-cleansed enamel, dentin, and cementum was measured. This study also
      tested one material for which neither conditioning nor etching was recommended by
      the manufacturer.

PMID- 3884787
TI  - Ability of enzymes to remove Candida.
AB  - Infection by C. albicans is a significant cause of denture stomatitis. Therefore,
      the results of this study, which demonstrated that yeast lytic enzymes and
      proteolytic enzymes removed C. albicans from acrylic resin surfaces, suggest that
      these compounds are potentially useful denture cleansers.

PMID- 3884788
TI  - Determining approximate size of maxillary anterior artificial teeth when
      mandibular anterior teeth are present. Part I: Size relationship.
AB  - Three methods were used to obtain a ratio of the maxillary to the mandibular
      anterior teeth, with results of 1.29, 1.30, and 1.31. It can be concluded that a
      ratio of 1.30 is sufficient to determine the approximate width of the six
      maxillary anterior teeth when given the size of the mandibular natural anterior
      teeth. This ratio should be valid to select a maxillary denture mold of
      sufficient width mesiodistally to obtain a Class I canine relationship. However,
      the ratio may need a slight adjustment to compensate for the intentional
      disocclusion of the maxillary denture teeth with the natural mandibular teeth. In
      Fig. 1 the canine to canine measurement of the mandibular anterior teeth was 35
      mm; when multiplied by a factor of 1.30, a maxillary measurement of 45.5 mm is
      obtained. The denture teeth were to be set with approximately 1 mm of horizontal
      overjet and 1 mm of vertical overlap (Fig. 2), therefore a slightly larger mold
      of 48.5 mm was chosen (Fig. 3). This maxillary mold produced a Class I canine
      relationship (Fig. 4). The 48.5 mm ratio of the chosen maxillary mold to the
      mandibular measurement of 35 mm yielded a ratio of 1.38. When this ratio of 1.38
      is applied, the desired prosthetic mold is not always available. There is a range
      of acceptability above and below the desired ratio.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3884789
TI  - Reproduction of waxed functional occlusal patterns in fired ceramics.
AB  - A useful procedure allows reproduction of ideally waxed-up occlusions in typical
      fixed ceramics. For skilled laboratory technicians this procedure will be
      adaptable to some restorations.

PMID- 3884790
TI  - Prosthodontic laboratory and curriculum survey. Part IV: Fixed prosthodontic
      curriculum survey.
AB  - A fixed prosthodontic curriculum survey was mailed to 60 U.S. dental schools; 42
      surveys were returned. The results were compared with those of Part III of the
      study. Comparisons and their implications were discussed.

PMID- 3884791
TI  - Custom-made denture teeth and denture base material for removable partial
      dentures.
AB  - A method that uses Isosit material to fabricate custom-made denture teeth and
      denture base has been described. The advantages of this technique are the denture
      teeth can be made to function in harmony with dynamics of the stomatognathic
      system; any type of occlusal scheme can be used; the material is esthetically
      pleasing; it can be characterized; it can be used as a denture base material,
      which can also be characterized; it can be repaired, relined, or rebased with
      little difficulty; and laboratory procedures can be accomplished in the dental
      office or laboratory.

PMID- 3884792
TI  - The dowelklip: a device for dowel pin placement.
AB  - While no system of dowel pin placement satisfies all the desired requirements in
      every situation, the dowelklip is an original design that meets most of the
      requirements for many routine treatment procedures. For dentists who do not do a
      large enough volume of fixed restorative procedures to justify the expense of
      complex die positioning systems but are dissatisfied with sticky wax and match
      sticks, the dowelklip offers an alternative approach.

PMID- 3884793
TI  - Onlay technique for removable dentures.

PMID- 3884794
TI  - Tooth preparation guide for embrasure clasp designs.

PMID- 3884795
TI  - Die recovery technique.
AB  - A separating disk is used to make proximal cuts and cuts on the underside surface
      of the cast. The dies can be recovered without damage to the margins.

PMID- 3884797
TI  - A technique to facilitate the handling of post-core restorations.

PMID- 3884796
TI  - Combined die-investment stone and die-stone cast for making resin-retained
      prostheses.
AB  - A technique has been presented for developing a combined die-investment stone/die
      stone-full arch working cast for use in making a resin-retained prosthesis. The
      advantage of the technique is that it affords the opportunity to articulate the
      working cast with a cast of the opposing arch and make the framework directly on
      a refractory material, while minimizing the subsequent need to trim the
      refractory material.

PMID- 3884798
TI  - A method to prepare immediate overdenture teeth accurately.

PMID- 3884799
TI  - Finger rests in prosthodontics.

PMID- 3884800
TI  - Technique for fabricating custom trays.

PMID- 3884801
TI  - Emotional and physical factors in the genesis of puerperal mental disorders.

PMID- 3884802
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against LHRH: development and immunoactivity in vivo and in
      vitro.
AB  - Mouse myeloma NS1-Ag4 cells were fused with spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse
      previously immunized with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) conjugated
      to serum bovine albumin (BSA). Fused cells were grown in HAT restrictive medium
      which was screened for LHRH binding ability via a primary binding assay employing
      [125I]LHRH and cold ethanol precipitation. One clone (hy-USASK/DSIL-LHRH-A1) was
      selected for further study. Cell culture fluid and ascites fluid bound 30% of
      [125I]LHRH at 1:4000 and 1:400,000 dilution respectively. A competitive
      inhibition assay using ascites fluid at 1:2,000,000 dilution and LHRH standards
      at 0.125-32.0 ng/ml was established. Initial studies using rabbit anti-mouse
      allotype sera in a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-ELISA system indicate the
      antibody is IgG1. A dose of 0.5 ml ascites fluid containing LHRH antibody given
      intravenously (i.v.) on day 9 of gestation was effective in terminating pregnancy
      in rats. A 1 cm progesterone implant made of elastomer polymer and placed
      interperitoneally blocked this effect. Ascites fluid (4.5 ml) containing LHRH
      antibody, when infused i.v. into mature spayed female dogs induced a precipitous
      decline in mean luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and reduced LH pulsatility over 4
      days. It was concluded that the mouse monoclonal antibody is specific for LHRH,
      and can interrupt reproductive events in vivo.

PMID- 3884803
TI  - The premenstrual syndrome. A review.
AB  - The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has gained much attention in the past few years.
      Despite the many studies that have attempted to determine the underlying
      biochemical changes in the syndrome and the larger number of studies attempting
      to evaluate treatment, we are really no wiser about PMS now than when the
      syndrome was described originally. The literature has been plagued by
      uncontrolled therapeutic trials, poorly conducted biochemical and endocrinologic
      studies and enthusiastic but unsubstantiated anecdotes. This review cannot hope
      to provide the answers since the background information is not yet established.
      However, providing an overview of current and past theories of the etiology and
      treatment regimens should enable the clinician and researcher to place new ideas
      and publications in perspective and to avoid many of the pitfalls of previous
      studies.

PMID- 3884804
TI  - Pharmacologic cardioversion of intrauterine supraventricular tachycardia. A case
      report.
AB  - Fetal supraventricular tachycardia was converted successfully with digoxin, and
      the congestive heart failure resolved. Previous case reports of fetal
      supraventricular tachycardia have established guidelines for its treatment;
      digoxin remains the drug of choice.

PMID- 3884805
TI  - Role of sexual behavior in the development of pelvic inflammatory disease.
AB  - The role of sexual behavior in the development of pelvic inflammatory disease
      (PID) is not well understood. In general the literature is limited and flawed in
      the methods used to assess sexual behavior. Good evidence suggests that PID in
      Western society is a sexually transmitted disease. For number of partners,
      frequency of intercourse, time of intercourse and sexual life-style the evidence
      suggests that those variables have a significant role in the development of PID.
      It is important to assess PID in the context of all its risk factors, including
      sexual behavior, race, prior history of PID and IUD use.

PMID- 3884806
TI  - A double blind comparison of piroxicam and enteric coated ASA in rheumatoid
      arthritis. A Cooperative Multicenter Canadian trial.
AB  - A double blind study compared piroxicam, 20 mg OD to enteric coated
      acetylsalicylic acid (EC ASA), 3.9-5.2 g daily in divided doses, in 145 patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Both drugs improved the signs and symptoms of RA.
      Patients showed significantly better compliance with a once daily dosage regimen.
      Gastrointestinal side effect profiles were similar. The EC ASA group showed a
      higher frequency of tinnitis and more dropouts, while there were more skin
      reactions in the piroxicam group. Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit values were
      more prevalent in the piroxicam group. Piroxicam proved to be an effective
      alternative therapy to EC ASA.

PMID- 3884807
TI  - Prazosin treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon: a double blind single crossover
      study.
AB  - The efficacy of prazosin (Minipress) for the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon
      (RP) was assessed by patient diary data and by objective measurements of digital
      vessel patency before and after cold challenge. Nine of the 14 patients with
      complete data reported fewer RP episodes during the 2 weeks in which they
      received prazosin than with placebo. Eight of 9 patients in Group 1 (systemic
      lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease or idiopathic RP) reported
      improvement during prazosin therapy (p less than 0.05) while only one of 5
      patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS, Group 2) reported benefit.
      Objective measurements indicated a significant decrease (p less than 0.02) in
      digital artery resistance with prazosin only in Group 1. These data predict that
      prazosin may be beneficial in the treatment of RP for patients who do not also
      have PSS.

PMID- 3884808
TI  - Ultrasound investigation of the sinuses: a real advance in diagnosis?

PMID- 3884809
TI  - Cadmium--risk assessment of an exposed residential population: a review.

PMID- 3884810
TI  - Disseminated aspergillosis and bleeding colonic ulcers in renal transplant
      patient.

PMID- 3884811
TI  - Oncogenes in scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease.

PMID- 3884812
TI  - Laboratory repellent tests against Rhodnius prolixus (Heteroptera: Reduviidae).

PMID- 3884813
TI  - A bibliography of forensic entomology.

PMID- 3884814
TI  - A model for teaching medical ethics.
AB  - The approach to teaching employed in the Dictionary of Medical Ethics (1)
      provides a model which might be adopted in other media. Most of the 150 authors
      were medical, but many represented other disciplines, and they wrote for similar
      professionals and for the general public. Medical ethics is derived from medical
      science and practice, moral philosophy, sociology, theology, the law and other
      disciplines, all of which make essential, distinctive and complementary
      contributions to knowledge and to teaching. Medical practitioners must play the
      primary role, because they are responsible for clinical ethical decisions, but
      they need the co-operation and guidance of others. All who are concerned should
      work towards the development of a general moral consensus among the profession
      and public, which keeps abreast of scientific and technical advances and to which
      all are committed.

PMID- 3884815
TI  - Advice on good practice from the Standards Committee.
AB  - The role of the General Medical Council has changed over the last few years and
      this paper shows how the GMC now gives advice on good practice, as well as a
      warning against bad practice.

PMID- 3884816
TI  - An ultrasonic needle guide for aiding percutaneous puncture of blood vessels.
AB  - An instrument which locates blood vessels by means of Doppler ultrasound and
      directs a needle at the located vessel has been developed. The feature of this
      instrument is that the needle does not pass down the ultrasonic beam as in other
      techniques that have been tried. Two transducers, mounted on sliding bars, are
      used to pin-point the vessel. The needle is then guided towards the intersection
      point of the two beams. Both the angle of entry and the point of incision of the
      needle can be chosen arbitrarily, while the transducers are kept well away from
      the needle and at an optimum angle to the skin.

PMID- 3884817
TI  - Effect of a lysolecithin analogue on nonspecific resistance to infection of mice.
AB  - The effect of racemic 1-octadecyl-2-methoxy-sn-glycero-3 phosphorylcholine (ET-18
      OCH3) on the nonspecific resistance of mice to infection with Salmonella
      typhimurium was investigated. Two S. typhimurium strains with different virulence
      were studied and no effect was observed in either case at concentrations of ET-18
      OCH3 up to 100 micrograms/mouse. However, a concentration of 500 micrograms/mouse
      caused decreased resistance to S. typhimurium, correlating with a depression of
      carbon clearance. Treatment of macrophages with ET-18-OCH3 in vitro inhibited
      phagosome-lysosome fusion, but had no effect on zymosan-induced luminol-dependent
      chemiluminescence. The relationship between the adjuvant and nonspecific anti
      infectious activity of ET-18-OCH3 and other compounds is discussed.

PMID- 3884818
TI  - A pioneer in primatology retires.

PMID- 3884819
TI  - Visualization of the gallbladder in a case of acute cholecystitis by
      hepatobiliary imaging.

PMID- 3884820
TI  - Mutations upstream of the ribosome-binding site affect translational efficiency.
AB  - The DNA coding for the major outer membrane lipoprotein of Escherichia coli has
      been fused to the coding region of the beta-galactosidase gene to measure the
      effect of various mutations on the efficiency of translation initiation. The
      various mutants were made by either inserting or deleting a small number of
      nucleotides into or from a region just upstream of the ribosome-binding site.
      These small mutations dramatically affect translation initiation as measured by
      the production of beta-galactosidase. We postulate that these mutations affect
      translation initiation by altering the secondary structure of the messenger RNA.
      In one case, we predict that a stem and loop just upstream of the Shine-Dalgarno
      sequence sterically hinders the binding of the ribosome to the mRNA.

PMID- 3884821
TI  - Simulation of conformational changes in 2 Zn insulin.
AB  - Isolated insulin monomers, the dimer and higher aggregates from the 2 Zn crystal
      structure are subjected to convergent energy minimization in Cartesian co
      ordinates using a force-field that includes the position of all hydrogen atoms.
      The minimizations are found, for the first time, to produce conformational
      changes of appreciable magnitude, which agree well with observed structural
      differences between monomers in the 2 Zn crystal and with the mechanism proposed
      previously for the coupling between deformations in different parts of the
      molecule. Our results also suggest that insulin would tend to adopt a molecule 1
      like conformation in the absence of crystal packing forces, and that dimer
      formation is not at the origin of the observed asymmetry in the 2 Zn crystal.

PMID- 3884822
TI  - Surgical specimens--treat them right.

PMID- 3884823
TI  - Orbital cellulitis and sinusitis caused by group B beta streptococcus in a 3-year
      old child.
AB  - This paper reports a case in which an odontogenic infection extended into a
      maxillary sinus in an otherwise well 3-year-old child. The resulting sinusitis
      and orbital cellulitis were caused by an organism which does not usually cause
      disease in this age group, group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus.

PMID- 3884824
TI  - A brief history of experimentation on condemned and executed humans.
AB  - Experimentation on condemned men is assumed to have been a common practice in
      ancient Alexandria, but disappeared in Rome and during the Middle Ages. Sporadic
      cases were documented in the Renaissance and afterward, involving experiments
      both before and immediately after execution. The advent of the guillotine raised
      the question of possible persistence of consciousness after execution and that
      spurred much electrophysiological study of freshly decapitated heads and bodies.
      In 19th-century Europe, interest focused on cardiac function immediately after
      beheading. In the early 20th century, many condemned men in the Philippines were
      used by American physicians for their research on plague and beriberi.Briefly
      discussed is the relevance of the practice of human sacrifice in Homeric Greece
      and Mayan Yucatan, as well as experiments on black slaves in America. The Nazi
      medical crimes of World War II encompass a totally different morality, and are
      not really comparable to the matter at hand. They have, however, so stirred
      emotions as to discredit the general concept of experimentation associated with
      capital punishment. Even within the framework of our system of jurisprudence, the
      altruistic desires of many now languishing on death row are being ignored.

PMID- 3884825
TI  - Effects of arsenic trioxide inhalation exposure on pulmonary antibacterial
      defenses in mice.
AB  - The effects of single and multiple (5 and 20) 3-h inhalation exposures to
      aerosols of arsenic trioxide on the pulmonary defense system of mice were
      investigated. Arsenic trioxide mist was generated from an aqueous solution and
      dried to produce particulate aerosols of 0.4 micron mass median aerodynamic
      diameter. Aerosol mass concentration ranged from 125 to 1000 micrograms As/m3.
      Effects of the exposures were evaluated by determination of changes in
      susceptibility to experimentally induced streptococcal aerosol infection and in
      pulmonary bactericidal activity to 35S-labeled Klebsiella pneumoniae. Significant
      increases in mortality due to the infectious challenge and decreases in
      bactericidal activity were seen after single 3-h exposures to 270, 500, and 940
      micrograms As/m3. Similarly, 5 or 20 multiple 3-h exposures to 500 micrograms
      As/m3 produced consistently significant increases in mortality and decreases in
      pulmonary bactericidal activity. At 125 or 250 micrograms As/m3, a decrease in
      bactericidal activity was seen only after 20 exposures to 250 micrograms/m3.
      Results from earlier studies with an arsenic-containing copper smelter dust were
      compared to these data. The possibility of the development of adaptation during
      multiple exposures to arsenic trioxide is also considered.

PMID- 3884826
TI  - Cadmium inhalation exposure estimates: their significance with respect to kidney
      and liver cadmium burden.
AB  - Cadmium exposure histories based on employment records, area monitoring
      techniques, and personal sampling data were obtained for 82 industrially exposed
      workers. From these data, a time-weighted cumulative exposure index (TWE) was
      calculated for each worker by multiplying the length of time (ti) in a given work
      area by the estimated exposure conditions for that area and year (Ei) and then
      summing these values for the total exposure history TWE = sigma iEiti The cadmium
      body burden for each worker was measured directly by the in vivo prompt-gamma
      neutron activation technique. The cadmium content of the left kidney and the
      liver were measured. For the actively employed workers, a significant correlation
      (r = 0.70, p less than 0.001) was observed between the exposure index (TWE) and
      the liver cadmium burden. Furthermore, whenever the worker's liver burden
      exceeded 40 ppm and the exposure index exceeded 400-500 micrograms/m3 X yr, there
      was evidence of renal abnormalities (usually elevated urinary beta 2
      microglobulin). The highest correlation (r = 0.83, p less than 0.001) was
      obtained between the kidney cadmium burden data and the exposure index for the
      active workers without evidence of kidney dysfunction. The percentage of workers
      with renal abnormalities was found to increase as the exposure index increased.
      When this relationship was examined using linear logistic regression analysis,
      the following model was indicated: logit p = 1.24 In TWE--8.34 where p is the
      individual worker's probability of being classified as having renal dysfunction.

PMID- 3884827
TI  - Sublethal hemorrhage impairs the acute peritoneal inflammatory response in the
      rat.
AB  - Hemorrhagic shock increases the risk of septic complications in injured patients.
      In this study, we investigated the effect of sublethal hemorrhage on the acute
      peritoneal inflammatory response and the clearance of bacteria from the
      peritoneal cavity of the rat. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sublethal
      hemorrhage, resuscitated, and then inoculated intraperitoneally with a suspension
      of viable Escherichia coli in saline. Sham-hemorrhaged rats served as controls.
      Sublethal hemorrhage decreased survival and impaired the influx into the
      peritoneum of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophage colony-forming cells.
      There was no difference between groups in the clearance of viable bacteria from
      the peritoneum; clearance of blood-borne bacteria was decreased in the
      hemorrhaged animals. We conclude that sublethal hemorrhage in the rat inhibits
      the acute peritoneal inflammatory response, but has little or no effect on the
      early removal of bacteria from the peritoneal cavity.

PMID- 3884828
TI  - Thrombophlebitis following a bullet embolus to the popliteal vein.
AB  - A patient who had a bullet embolus to the right popliteal vein developed an
      extensive thrombophlebitis from the popliteal to the common iliac vein. We
      suggest that following extraction of a bullet that has embolized to a major
      extremity vein, it may be necessary to anticoagulate the patient.

PMID- 3884829
TI  - A specular reflection arising from the ventricular wall: a potential pitfall in
      the diagnosis of germinal matrix hemorrhage.
AB  - Reflection artifacts may complicate the diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage in
      preterm neonates. A linear focus of bright echoes in the region of the germinal
      matrix at or anterior to the caudothalamic grooves, often seen on parasagittal
      scans, may be mistaken for a germinal matrix hemorrhage but is actually a
      reflection of the ultrasound beam at the wall of the lateral ventricle. Cranial
      sonograms of 100 preterm infants were retrospectively analyzed and categorized
      with regard to presence and size of specular reflection. Eight cases demonstrated
      a bright echogenic focus; seven of these potentially could have been mistaken for
      hemorrhages.

PMID- 3884830
TI  - Posterior hepatodiaphragmatic interposition of the colon: ultrasonographic and
      computed tomographic appearance.
AB  - High posterior hepatodiaphragmatic interposition of the colon is an unusual
      normal variant that may mimic posterior hepatic lesions, posterior
      retroperitoneal masses, or a disrupted right diaphragm on sonography. The correct
      diagnosis of this entity may be suggested on plain abdominal films, and is made
      easily with computed tomography.

PMID- 3884831
TI  - Separated chorioamnion and elevated chorion: sonographic features and clinical
      significance.
AB  - The clinical presentation and outcome of pregnancy was analyzed in thirteen
      patients in whom a free-floating intrauterine membrane was found on sonography.
      The cases were divided into two groups: those with elevated chorion and those
      with chorioamniotic separation. Five of seven patients with chorioamniotic
      separation progressed normally to term and delivered normal infants. In the two
      pregnancies with chorioamniotic separation that did not progress to term, one was
      associated with a placental chorioangioma and the other had a dead fetus that had
      a cystic hygroma indicative of Turner's syndrome. Of the six patients with
      elevated chorion, all presented with an episode of vaginal bleeding in the early
      second trimester. Five of six patients with elevated chorion progressed to term
      with the delivery of normal infants. One patient with extensive elevation of the
      chorion aborted. Three patients with elevated chorion had a subchorionic clot,
      whereas this was not present in patients with separated chorioamnion. Follow-up
      sonographic examination of patients with separated chorioamnion and elevated
      chorion revealed that most (11 of 13), but not all pregnancies in which an
      intrauterine membrane was found progressed to term without complications.

PMID- 3884832
TI  - Ultrasound evaluation of neck masses in children.
AB  - Neck masses in children are a frequent occurrence and in some instances create a
      diagnostic dilemma for the clinician. The authors' two-year experience using
      ultrasonography in the evaluation of 34 children with neck masses is reviewed.
      Twenty-two patients had lesions arising outside the thyroid gland; 12 lesions
      arose from the thyroid gland. Ultrasonography proved to be an accurate imaging
      modality for localizing the mass and demonstrating its relationship to the
      thyroid gland, trachea, and major neck vessels. The borders and extent of the
      lesions were well outlined, as well as their internal consistency. Based on this
      review, the authors recommend that ultrasonography be the first screening
      procedure in pediatric patients who present with perplexing neck masses.

PMID- 3884833
TI  - A pseudolesion of the liver caused by rib cartilage in B-mode ultrasonography.
AB  - An artifactual protuberance at the surface of the liver in connection with an
      incomplete acoustic shadow is described. The reproduction of these phenomena in
      vitro was possible, providing an explanation of their origin. Rib cartilage, with
      its convex shape, and with the higher sound wave velocity and the higher
      attenuation compared with the surrounding tissue, causes these artifacts. The
      identification of a pseudolesion composed of these artifacts is simple if one
      considers its origin.

PMID- 3884834
TI  - Is fetal femur length a better indicator of gestational age in the growth
      retarded fetus as compared with biparietal diameter?
AB  - The accuracy of gestational age prediction in 30 growth-retarded fetuses as
      derived from the fetal femur length (FL) was compared with that derived from the
      biparietal diameter (BPD). The mean difference between the actual and predicted
      gestational age was smaller when FL was used, but the difference did not reach
      statistical significance when compared with that associated with the use of the
      BPD. No consistent pattern of head/limb growth retardation was obvious. The femur
      length and BPD were both reduced in varying proportions in the growth-retarded
      fetuses. The significance of such findings in the assessment of intrauterine
      growth retardation is discussed.

PMID- 3884835
TI  - Saphenous varix: ultrasonic diagnosis.

PMID- 3884836
TI  - Hemangioma presenting as a cystic mass in the fetal neck.

PMID- 3884837
TI  - Thanatophoric dwarfism with the cloverleaf skull: a specific antenatal
      sonographic diagnosis.

PMID- 3884838
TI  - Renal fungus balls: diagnosis by ultrasound and percutaneous antegrade
      pyelography and brush biopsy in a premature infant.

PMID- 3884839
TI  - Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of a sacrococcygeal teratoma in twin
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3884841
TI  - Ultrasonically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of renal masses.
AB  - A consecutive series of 301 ultrasonically guided fine needle aspiration biopsies
      of renal masses was reviewed. The retrieval rate was 95 per cent and a correct
      cytological diagnosis was established in 82 per cent of the cases. There were 14
      false positive aspirates, for a predictive value of a malignant aspirate of only
      93 per cent. All false positive results were misinterpreted as relatively well
      differentiated adenocarcinoma. We conclude that renal fine needle aspiration
      biopsy may add information but the risk of a false positive finding must always
      be considered.

PMID- 3884840
TI  - The clinical value of active T-rosette-forming cells in urine after renal
      transplantation.
AB  - We examined 960 urine specimens from 12 renal transplant patients for the
      presence of thymus-derived rosette-forming cells as a post-transplant study.
      Active T-rosette-forming cells appeared in the urine before or simultaneously
      with an increase in serum creatinine during all 14 acute rejection crises.
      Moreover, the active urinary T-rosette-forming cells disappeared promptly after
      pulse treatment with large doses of methylprednisolone in 11 rejection crises,
      which resolved completely, while in patients with continued detection of active T
      rosette-forming cells in the urine rejection crises recurred within a few weeks.
      It is suggested that the test for active urinary T-rosette-forming cells is a
      simple and reliable method to diagnose acute renal allograft rejection.

PMID- 3884842
TI  - Simple management of difficult vesicovaginal fistulas by anterior transvesical
      approach.
AB  - A simple method to repair vesicovaginal fistulas through an anterior transvesical
      approach is described. The process involves minimal dissection and mobilization
      of the bladder mucosa to preserve the blood supply to the area of the fistula.
      There were 29 patients referred to 1 urology unit treated in this way during the
      last 10 years, with a success rate of 86 per cent after the first operative
      attempt.

PMID- 3884843
TI  - Chronic chyluria: a clinical study of 3 patients.
AB  - Studies of patients with chyluria or chylothorax have demonstrated significant
      disruptions of protein, blood and fat metabolism that may result in iron
      deficiency anemia, hypoproteinemia, hypolipidemia and malnutrition. To document
      the sequential development of these complications we performed serial clinical
      and biochemical studies for 2 to 12 years in 3 patients with presumed filarial
      chyluria whose sole treatment had been diethylcarbamazine. Despite the chronic
      loss of chyle in the urine these 3 patients did not have significant
      complications during the period of observation. The weight and blood pressure
      remained stable. No persistent anemia, hypoproteinemia or hypolipidemia was
      noted. Except for 1 patient in whom a transient decrease of the creatinine
      clearance developed during pregnancy, no permanent renal function impairment
      occurred. These observations suggest that chronic chyluria may not always result
      in serious alterations of the physical status or body functions of these patients
      requiring surgical repair, and supports the hypothesis that untreated chyluria
      could be a relatively benign process in our milieu.

PMID- 3884844
TI  - The diagnosis of upper urinary tract obstruction in children: comparison of
      diuresis renography and pressure flow studies.
AB  - We report the use of diuresis renography and pressure flow studies to diagnose
      urinary tract obstruction in 41 collecting systems of 33 children. If
      differential pressures between the renal pelvis and the bladder in excess of 22
      cm. water at a flow rate of 10 ml. per minute is accepted as evidence of
      obstruction and below 15 cm. water is accepted as normal the interpretation of
      the renogram showing O'Reilly's pattern IIIa as evidence of stasis without
      obstruction was correct in 74 per cent of the cases. Likewise, the interpretation
      of O'Reilly's renogram pattern IIIb as showing partial obstruction was correct in
      only 40 per cent of the cases. Thus, we urge caution in the use of the diuresis
      renogram to diagnose or to rule out upper urinary tract obstruction.

PMID- 3884845
TI  - Neonatal hypertension from a unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney.
AB  - Multicystic renal dysplasia is an extremely uncommon cause of hypertension in
      children and the few reported cases have not been of newborns. We report on a
      neonate in whom severe hypertension associated with elevated peripheral plasma
      renin resulted from a unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney. Hypertension and
      plasma renin activity normalized after unilateral nephrectomy. No evidence of
      perfusion or excretory renal function in the dysplastic kidney was present on a
      radionuclide renal scan. This child demonstrates a relationship between
      hypertension and unilateral multicystic renal dysplasia.

PMID- 3884846
TI  - Renal transplantation using ileal conduits in 5 cases.
AB  - We report our experience with 5 cases of renal transplantation into ileal
      conduits and review the literature. In 2 cases a modified surgical procedure was
      used, which combines a groin extraperitoneal approach for the vascular portion of
      the operation and a peritoneal window for the anastomosis between the urinary
      collecting system and the ileal loop. Of our 5 patients 3 are alive with
      functioning grafts, 1 has undergone retransplantation and 1 with a functioning
      kidney died of sepsis originating in a decubitus ulcer. Two patients had conduit
      related complications. In our literature review of 16 reports 52 per cent of 68
      patients were alive with functioning grafts and 32 per cent had conduit-related
      complications, usually involving urosepsis, calculous disease or stenosis. With a
      high index of suspicion, and an aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approach to
      these problems, a good prognosis can be expected when transplantation is
      performed in these patients.

PMID- 3884847
TI  - Anuria in transplant patient following inguinal herniorrhaphy.
AB  - We report ureteral ligation following inguinal herniorrhaphy in a transplant
      patient. Successful treatment was accomplished by percutaneous nephrostomy and
      ureteral reimplantation.

PMID- 3884848
TI  - Effects of long-term catheter implantation on the contractile and histological
      properties of the canine bladder.
AB  - In beagles, a bladder catheter was surgically implanted and subvesical
      obstruction was artificially introduced. After 3 months a striking reduction in
      detrusor contractility measured in vitro was observed, which was associated with
      a presumptive reduction in the concentration of acetylcholinesterase in the
      muscle cells and a probable reduction in the mean cell size. In this model the
      contribution of the catheter to the changes is greater than that of the
      subvesical obstruction.

PMID- 3884850
TI  - Scrotal reconstruction following an avulsion injury.
AB  - Scrotal reconstruction following avulsion of the scrotal skin often is a time
      consuming, multistage repair. We present an alternative method of repair using a
      subcutaneous soft tissue expander.

PMID- 3884849
TI  - Immunoglobulins in urine from patients with ileal and colonic conduits and
      reservoirs.
AB  - Gel chromatography of proteins in urine from continent cecal urinary reservoirs
      revealed an abundance of high molecular weight proteins, especially secretory
      immunoglobulin A. Quantitation of immunoglobulins in urine from ileal and colonic
      conduits and ileal and cecal reservoirs showed secretory immunoglobulins A, G and
      M in amounts considerably greater than in urine from normal urinary tracts,
      whether or not bacteriuria was present. More secretory immunoglobulin A was found
      in reservoir than in conduit urine, but there was no such difference for
      immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M. In hemagglutination-inhibition tests,
      immunoglobulin A antibodies from cecal reservoir urine in 1 patient inhibited
      adherence (mannose-resistant) to human and animal erythrocytes of Escherichia
      coli obtained from reservoir urine from that same patient. High levels of
      secretory immunoglobulin A may constitute a host defense mechanism against
      urinary tract infection in patients with reservoirs and conduits.

PMID- 3884851
TI  - Reporting results from chemotherapy trials.

PMID- 3884852
TI  - One snake or two?

PMID- 3884853
TI  - Cardiac arrest: signal of anesthetic mishap.

PMID- 3884854
TI  - Human insulin crystals.

PMID- 3884855
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Milk-borne salmonellosis--Illinois.

PMID- 3884856
TI  - Current and future directions for hospital and physician reimbursement. Effect on
      the academic medical center.
AB  - Profound changes are occurring in the health care system, including a surfeit of
      physicians, cost containment, and competition. This article addresses the effects
      of these changes on the academic medical center. It recommends that the faculty
      of the future will be of two types--clinician-teachers and researcher-teachers-
      and outlines the qualifications of these faculties. It recommends a proper reward
      system for clinician-teachers, the reintroduction of part-time faculties, and
      careful retrenchment in medical school class size and house staff. It calls for
      teaching hospitals to improve their physical plants and control costs by phasing
      out programs that are not cost-effective. Universities should consider divesting
      themselves of university-owned teaching hospitals. Most importantly, local,
      state, and federal governments and the public must develop a more supportive
      attitude toward the needs of medical education.

PMID- 3884857
TI  - A case of professional exclusion in 1870. The formation of the first black
      medical society.
AB  - In the last half of the 19th century, medicine was becoming organized. In
      Washington, DC, in 1870, the attempt by black physicians to join the local
      medical society met with fierce and successful resistance. Ultimately, a
      separate, racially integrated medical society was formed. One hundred years ago,
      it became the still-vital Medico-Chirurgical Society of the District of Columbia,
      the local branch of the National Medical Society.

PMID- 3884858
TI  - A problem intrinsic to the measurements of the pulmonary extravascular water
      volume by the thermal-dye technic with the sampling site in the bifurcation of
      the aorta. Thermal equilibrium with the aortic wall.
AB  - When estimating the pulmonary extravascular water volume (PEWV) as the lung
      thermal volume (LTV), by the double indicator dilution technic using heat and
      indocyanine green (ICG), a part of the left ventricular wall comes to the thermal
      equilibrium, and this leads to an overestimation of PEWV, when the samplings are
      made in the aortic root. In a previous study from this laboratory, this
      overestimation was approximately 10% of the measured LTV in the aortic root. In
      the present study, we evaluated the extent to which the thermal equilibrium with
      the aortic wall would cause LTV to slightly overestimate PEWV. For this purpose,
      we injected a mixture of the indicators into the right atrium, and recorded the
      indicator dilution curves at the bifurcation of the aorta (AB). We then compared
      this LTV with the one calculated from the indicator dilution curves recorded
      simultaneously in the aortic root (Ao). We obtained the following results:
      Firstly, the values of cardiac output (CO) from the dye dilution curve and from
      the thermodilution curve at two sites, Ao and AB, were all in agreement.
      Secondly, LTV estimated in Ao (LTVAo) and LTV estimated in AB (LTVAB) were not
      the same, and their relationships were: LTVAB = 1.21 X LTVAo + 0.44 (ml/kg), n =
      32, (r = 0.98, p less than 0.001) A close agreement of CO determined at two sites
      indicated that there was virtually no loss of heat between the two sampling
      sites, Ao and AB. An excess of LTVAB over LTVAo came to about 20%, and this
      excess appeared to be ascribable to the incorporation of the thermally
      equilibrated "volume" of the aortic wall. This finding appeared to be a challenge
      to the validity of estimating LTV when sampling the indicators in the distal
      abdominal aorta.

PMID- 3884859
TI  - [Ultrasonographic study of the gastric wall].
AB  - Ultrasonographically, the normal gastric wall is delineated in 5 layers, 2
      hypoechoic layers and 3 hyperechoic layers. To elucidate the sources of the
      reflected ultrasonic picture above, we infused India ink into the
      ultrasonographic wall of the resected human stomach. After the ultrasonographic
      examination, each stomach was examined histologically, and findings were compared
      with those of ultrasonography. The results were as follows: Ultrasonographically,
      an irregular hypoechoic nodule was seen in the 3rd layer, i.e., the middle
      hyperechoic layer, in cases in which India ink was seen in the submucosal layer
      histologically. Namely, the ultrasonographic 3rd layer was considered to be
      consistent with the submucosal layer.

PMID- 3884860
TI  - [Nursing students and research--a thought on preparation of a text on
      statistics].

PMID- 3884861
TI  - [A long road to the hospice--life of Mother Mary Aikenhead (16). On reading the
      guide to civil hospices in Lyon].

PMID- 3884862
TI  - [Long road to the hospice--the life of Mother Mary Aikenhead (17). Lyon to Paris:
      Hotel Dieu and the civil hospice].

PMID- 3884863
TI  - [Kinetics of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin during reperfusion after induced
      ischemia in canine hearts].

PMID- 3884864
TI  - A double screening trial for the development of drugs against Theileria sergenti
      in cattle using Babesia rodhaini and Plasmodium berghei in mice.

PMID- 3884865
TI  - Naturally occurring plasmid coding for heat-labile enterotoxin production and
      drug resistance from Escherichia coli strain of porcine origin.

PMID- 3884866
TI  - Tracking state legislative activities.

PMID- 3884867
TI  - Potential liability for the patient signing out against medical advice.

PMID- 3884868
TI  - Unexplained lower leg pain in a 19-year-old.

PMID- 3884869
TI  - ED nurse voices concern over urgent care center staffing.

PMID- 3884870
TI  - Extrapyramidal reaction to a drug.

PMID- 3884871
TI  - Ventricular fibrillation associated with calcium administration during
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

PMID- 3884872
TI  - Use of haloperidol in the management of agitated or violent, alcohol-intoxicated
      patients in the emergency department: a pilot study.

PMID- 3884873
TI  - Factors affecting ED nurses' performance of physical assessment skills.

PMID- 3884874
TI  - Flex-primary: an ED nursing care delivery and communications systems.

PMID- 3884875
TI  - Laboratory tests in trauma.

PMID- 3884876
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of methods of cryo- and trypsin
      activation of inactive renin in vitro].
AB  - The total renin activity (TRP) and inactive renin levels (IR) in the blood plasma
      were examined with the help of cryo- and trypsin activation in 9 normal subjects,
      in 40 patients with essential hypertension and in 18 patients with primary
      aldosteronism (PA). The cryoactivation method was shown to detect 40-80% of IR
      determined by the method of trypsin activation. Both methods revealed analogous
      ratios of the two renin forms in its total production in the presence of
      essential hypertension (in different "renin" subgroups) and arterial hypertension
      secondary to PA and may be used as the methods of choice when examining essential
      hypertension patients with the normal and subnormal plasma renin activity. The
      method of trypsin activation is more preferable for a more accurate
      quantification of small amounts of IR found in essential hypertension patients
      with a high plasma renin activity. With a high level of the TRP (over 8 ng/ml/h)
      activation should be performed in diluted plasma.

PMID- 3884877
TI  - [Psychological methods in the treatment of essential hypertension].

PMID- 3884879
TI  - Proximal tubule dopamine histofluorescence in renal slices incubated with L-dopa.
AB  - Renal cortex slices were incubated with amine precursors L-dopa, or L-5-HTP.
      Localization of synthesized amines, dopamine or serotonin, was examined by means
      of histofluorescence methods. Formaldehyde-induced fluorescence was present in
      the proximal convoluted tubule and not in the pars recta or other segments of the
      tubules after incubation in the presence of 10(-3) to 10(-7) M L-dopa. Tubule
      induced fluorescence was not seen in the presence of an inhibitor of dopa
      decarboxylase or in the absence of sodium. It was independent of innervation. It
      is concluded that dopamine and serotonin are accumulated and likely formed within
      proximal convoluted tubular cells.

PMID- 3884878
TI  - [Automatic 24-hour monitoring of arterial pressure].

PMID- 3884880
TI  - Effects of ibuprofen, naproxen, and sulindac on prostaglandins in men.
AB  - In contrast to other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), sulindac has
      been reported to inhibit systemic prostaglandins (PGs) while not affecting renal
      PGs. We studied 11 normal volunteers who received placebo, ibuprofen, naproxen,
      or sulindac in a randomized, double-blind fashion. After control periods
      assessing the effect of the NSAIDs alone, 40 mg of furosemide were administered.
      Overall, each of the drugs appeared similar. Renal function, plasma renin
      activity (PRA) and urinary PGs were not affected during control collections,
      while all three NSAIDs decreased thromboxane B2 (TxB2). After furosemide, all
      NSAIDs decreased fractional excretions of Na+ and Cl-, PRA, and TxB2 by
      equivalent degrees (P less than 0.05). Sulindac and ibuprofen decreased urinary
      PGE2 (P less than 0.05) while naproxen had no effect. None of these drugs
      affected the excretion of furosemide, but all decreased the pharmacodynamics of
      response to furosemide. In conclusion, the effects of these NSAIDs depended on
      the conditions of the study. In the basal state there were no renal effects but
      all decreased the renal response to furosemide.

PMID- 3884881
TI  - The effect of pregnancy on kidney function in renal allograft recipients.
AB  - In women with renal transplants glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increases during
      pregnancy but how soon the increment occurs, its relation to pre-pregnancy GFR,
      and the overall pattern of change are unknown. Twenty-four hour creatinine
      clearance (24-hr CCr) were measured prospectively in ten pregnancies in eight
      allograft recipients before conception, throughout pregnancy, 8 to 12 weeks
      postpartum, and 4 to 6 monthly thereafter. Inulin (CIn) in creatinine (CCr)
      clearances during infusion were also determined and protein excretion was
      evaluated. The results were compared to those in similar studies in ten healthy
      women. By the tenth gestational week 24-hr CCr was 124 +/- (SD) 15.9 ml/min in
      healthy women (an increase of 38%; range, 18 to 69%) and in transplant patients
      was 105 +/- 28.1 ml/min (an increase of 34%: range, 10 to 60%), with the greatest
      increments in those whose allografts functioned best before conception,
      regardless of donor source and sex or the transplant-pregnancy interval. In late
      pregnancy mean 24-hr CCr decreased by 19% (range, 6 to 28%) in healthy women and
      by 34% (range, 12 to 57%) in the transplant patients, but in most this did not
      represent graft deterioration nor lead to permanent impairment. At all time
      points CIn values were 5 to 10% greater than those for 24-hr CCr but slightly
      less than infusion CCr values. Protein excretion increased throughout pregnancy
      and by the third trimester in healthy women averaged 200 mg in 24 hr and
      regularly exceeded 500 mg in 24 hr in transplant patients, which was three times
      non-pregnant levels and probably not clinically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3884882
TI  - [Role of thermography in assessing the therapeutic action of immobilized
      proteolytic enzymes on suppurative wound healing].

PMID- 3884883
TI  - [Biocompatible polyurethanes containing antibiotics and proteolytic enzymes as
      components].

PMID- 3884884
TI  - [Role of prostaglandins in the pathogenesis and treatment of shock].

PMID- 3884885
TI  - [Indices of body immunological reactivity in patients with suppurative and
      inflammatory processes].

PMID- 3884886
TI  - [Morphological characteristics of the wound process in the liver during the use
      of KL-3 medicinal glue].

PMID- 3884887
TI  - ["Closed" gastric resection using new suture machines].

PMID- 3884888
TI  - [Latticed grafts in the treatment of burns in children].

PMID- 3884889
TI  - [Innovations in surgical technic in surgery on the esophagus, stomach and
      intestine (review of the literature)].

PMID- 3884890
TI  - [Promotion of regeneration in extensive lesions of the liver (review of the
      literature)].

PMID- 3884892
TI  - [Arterial hypertension in renin-producing retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma].
AB  - A case report of an extrarenal retroperitoneal metastatic leiomyosarcoma with
      associated paraneoplastic renin production is presented. Due to the renin excess
      syndrome, accelerated hypertension was present combined with the signs of
      secondary hyperaldosteronism, hypokalemia, and alkalosis. In contrast to other
      publications of extrarenal malignoma with paraneoplastic renin activity, this
      case elucidates a histologically close relationship to epitheloid muscle cells of
      kidney vasa afferentia and derived benign tumors. The retroperitoneal tumor and
      its brain metastase were morphologically identical. In contrast to histological
      criteria only the primary tumor exhibited high renin activity, no activity could
      be detected in the metastase.

PMID- 3884891
TI  - [Importance of prostaglandins for the in vitro adhesiveness and in vivo
      margination of neutrophilic granulocytes].
AB  - The (patho-)physiological role of prostaglandins and thromboxanes on granulocyte
      function remains controversial. In a combined in vitro and in vivo study, we
      analyzed the influence of these arachidonic acid metabolites on granulocyte
      adhesion and margination. A dichotomous dose-dependent effect on epinephrine
      induced granulocyte demargination parallels the paradoxical effect of low (0.5 g)
      and high (4 g)-dose aspirin on bleeding time. These observations suggest that
      prostacyclin acts as a modulator for low-affinity adhesion and margination of
      granulocytes. With respect to the induction of high-affinity adhesion, which is
      reflected in a state of hypermargination in vivo and accompanied by potentially
      cytotoxic cell activation, prostaglandins in general and prostacyclin in
      particular are without effect when such activation is induced, either by
      endotoxin, by formylated chemotactic peptide, or by activated complement.

PMID- 3884894
TI  - Effects of endothelial removal and regeneration on smooth muscle
      glycosaminoglycan synthesis and growth in rat carotid artery in organ culture.
AB  - Segments of rat carotid artery were maintained in serum-free and serum
      supplemented media with endothelium both present and substantially removed by air
      drying. At intervals of 3, 7, and 14 days the synthesis of glycosaminoglycan
      across the vessel walls was determined by autoradiographic detection of
      incorporated [3H]glucosamine. In control carotids the typical pattern of
      incorporation was 40% of label in the intima, consisting of endothelium and
      subendothelial matrix, 23, 13, and 15% in the three medial layers (M1, M2, M3,
      respectively), and 9% in the adventitia. During the first week in culture the
      proportion, and often the amount, of label in M1 increased significantly.
      Following air drying labeling decreased markedly in M1 but often increased in M2
      and M3. By 14 days residual endothelial cells had regenerated, and the pattern of
      incorporation in the medial layers beneath this new endothelium was the same as
      for the controls with a high level of labeling in M1. In areas free of
      endothelium incorporation in M1 remained at a low level. Digestion with
      chondroitinase ABC and Streptomyces hyaluronidase showed that the changes in M1
      labeling levels were due to changes in the amounts of both hyaluronic acid and
      sulfated glycosaminoglycan, whereas pulse and continuous labeling studies showed
      that the different labeling levels for the various layers and conditions were due
      to different rates of synthesis and not degradation. Carotids were also labeled
      with [3H]thymidine. Control and regenerating endothelia were active in serum-free
      and serum-supplemented media and had similar mitotic indices. Indices for smooth
      muscle cells in M1, however, were generally very low and were not affected by the
      presence or absence of endothelium. We conclude that endothelial removal results
      in decreased glycosaminoglycan synthesis in the inner media, that mitotically
      active endothelium correlates with increased glycosaminoglycan synthesis in the
      inner media, and that these changes occur independently of smooth muscle cell
      growth.

PMID- 3884893
TI  - [Frequency of delta infections in Heidelberg].
AB  - The frequency of delta infection was studied in sera of 203 patients with acute
      hepatitis B, further 461 hepatitis B virus surface antigen-(HBsAg)-positive
      patients and 117 HBsAg-negative controls by determination of anti-delta by a
      competitive enzyme immunoassay. Sera have been collected since 1974. None of the
      sera of acute hepatitis B was anti-delta-positive whereas seven of the HBsAg
      positive carriers were anti-delta-positive. Two of the anti-delta-positive
      patients had chronic hepatitis, four had liver cirrhosis. One of the anti-delta
      positive patients with liver cirrhosis died of liver failure. Risk factors
      included Italian origin and parenteral routes of infection. All sera of 19
      relatives of three anti-delta-positive index cases remained anti-delta-negative.

PMID- 3884895
TI  - Regulation of transmural myocardial blood flow.
AB  - A major problem in understanding how myocardial blood flow is regulated is the
      common occurrence of subendocardial ischemia in many diseases, with or without
      coronary arterial disease. Two commonly held explanatory hypotheses were that
      high systolic intramyocardial pressures prevented flow to deep but not
      superficial muscle, or that in diastole tissue pressures were highest
      subendocardially. Neither hypothesis is tenable today, and the likeliest
      hypothesis is that retrograde systolic flow from the deeper muscle produces a
      longer time constant for diastolic flow in deep than in superficial muscle.

PMID- 3884896
TI  - Auditory implants and tactile aids for the profoundly deaf.
AB  - This paper reviews data on speech perception via implanted electrodes and via
      tactile aids. The two approaches are compared in terms of amount and types of aid
      provided to communication. Related issues discussed are the performance levels
      with multi-versus single-channel implants, promontory electrical stimulators
      versus implants, use of minimal residual hearing, implants for children, and the
      possible design of complementary systems combining auditory implant and tactile
      information. The diversity of the test methods and subjects used in implant
      versus tactile research precludes definitive comparisons of speech perception
      performance. However, it appears from the available data that, at present and for
      the foreseeable future, neither approach can provide more than a modest aid to
      lipreading. Speech reception test results from multichannel-implanted subjects
      are better, on the average, than for single-channel subjects. However, the best
      single-channel results are comparable to the best multichannel in tests using
      simple sentences. There is great variation among subjects with the same implant.
      Tactile aid performance by highly practiced subjects seems comparable to that of
      the better implant subjects.

PMID- 3884897
TI  - Furosemide during sustained left atrial hypertension in functionally anephric
      dogs: intravascular and extravascular pulmonary fluid volumes. V.
AB  - The response of intravascular (PBV) and extravascular (EVLW) pulmonary fluid
      volume was examined using double-indicator techniques (thermal-green dye) in 11
      open-chest anesthetized dogs during the production of sustained left atrial (LA)
      hypertension by a LA balloon over a period of 195 min. In 6 of these animals data
      were also acquired after the intravenous administration of furosemide (1 mg/kg).
      The renal effects of the diuretic were blocked by tying off the ureters and the
      vascular supply of both kidneys. Left atrial pressure (N = 11) was abruptly
      increased from 2.2 +/- 2.1 mm Hg to 30.2 +/- 4.0 mm Hg (P less than 0.01) and
      maintained at that level for 120 min. Data were obtained prior to pressure
      elevation, immediately upon pressure elevation, and then every 60 min for a total
      of 120 min. At that point EVLW had increased (8.1 +/- 0.8 cc/kg at control to
      21.7 +/- 2.0 cc/kg at 120 min, P less than 0.001), as had PBV (6.2 +/- 2.1 cc/kg
      to 9.1 +/- 3.1 cc/kg P less than 0.01). After furosemide injection (N = 6), LA
      pressure declined (mean peak reduction of approximately 6 mm Hg at 60-75 min, P
      less than 0.01), aortic and pulmonary arterial pressure both declined (P less
      than 0.01). However, EVLW remained unchanged, though PBV decreased significantly
      (peak decrease at 75 min after furosemide administration of 2.0 +/- 0.4 cc/kg, P
      less than 0.01). In the untreated dogs, EVLW continued to climb (P less than 0.05
      vs treated dogs at 75 min postfurosemide).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3884898
TI  - Effect of positive-end expiratory pressure on accuracy of thermal-dye
      measurements of lung water.
AB  - The thermal-dye indicator dilution technique of measuring extravascular lung
      water (EVLW-TD) correlates well with gravimetric measurement of lung water (EVLW
      GR) when no positive-end expiratory pressure (PEEP) is used in both normal and
      edematous lungs. PEEP is often used to raise arterial oxygen tension in acute
      respiratory failure. This study was designed to answer the question: Does PEEP
      have an effect on the accuracy of the EVLW measurement by thermal dye? Sixteen
      mongrel dogs were anesthetized and intubated. Arterial and PA catheters were
      placed. They were divided into three groups and ventilated at PEEP levels of 5,
      10, or 15 cm H2O. Fluids were given to minimize decrease in cardiac output with
      institution of PEEP. They were maintained for 5 hr with measurement of vital
      signs made hourly and measurement of blood gases and EVLW-TD made at baseline, 1,
      3, and 5 hr. After final measurements, gravimetric determination of EVLW was
      done. Correlation between EVLWTD and EVLWGR remained good when low levels of PEEP
      were used. At 5 cm H2O PEEP, EVLWTD was 7.5 +/- 0.9 and EVLWGR was 5.4 +/- .3. At
      10 cm H2O PEEP, they were 10.0 +/- 0.9 and 6.5 +/- 0.3. The correlations were
      0.87 and 0.97, respectively. However, at 15 cm H2O PEEP, EVLWTD was 11.4 +/- 1.3
      and EVLWGR was 7.5 +/- 0.6, with a correlation of only 0.59. The correlation
      between the two techniques seems to break down with higher levels of PEEP in dogs
      with normal lungs.

PMID- 3884899
TI  - Hydrolytic activities of human pancreatic phospholipase A2 and endotoxin
      stimulated endogenous phospholipase A2 toward membrane phospholipids of
      erythrocytes.
AB  - The problem of whether human pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) can really
      hydrolyze membrane phospholipids in vitro was studied to understand
      pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis. Total amount of lysophospholipids
      generated in erythrocytes by exogenously added human pancreatic PLA2 (2
      micrograms/ml) was only 12% of the amount of sphingomyelin, which was not
      decomposed by the enzyme. About fivefold the amount of lysophospholipids was
      generated in ghost membranes during one-sixth of the incubation time compared to
      that in intact erythrocyte membranes. Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
      (10 micrograms/ml) was able to stimulate membrane-associated PLA2 of
      erythrocytes, the amount of lysophospholipids generated being 12.5% of that of
      sphingomyelin without adding the exogenous PLA2. The stimulation of membrane
      associated PLA2 in erythrocytes was inhibited by pretreatment of
      lipopolysaccharide with polymyxin-B sulfate. When intact erythrocytes were
      incubated with human pancreatic PLA2 and LPS, the amount of generated
      lysophospholipids was 24% of that of sphingomyelin. These results suggested that
      the exogenously added human pancreatic PLA2 cannot degrade phospholipids of
      intact erythrocytes so extensively under physiological conditions, and, in acute
      pancreatitis, unknown factors may be involved in the hydrolysis of phospholipids.
      LPS, which activates membrane-associated PLA2, may be one of the factors, and
      thus membrane phospholipids are hydrolyzed in the disease.

PMID- 3884900
TI  - Segmental auxiliary liver transplantation: a new approach to an old problem.
AB  - Long-term results after a new technique of partial heterotopic auxiliary liver
      transplantation carried out in pigs are presented. There are three main
      characteristics of this technique: (1) hemihepatectomy on the bench to solve the
      problem of space, (2) laterolateral vena cava anastomosis through which it is
      possible to fix the graft to the host's inferior vena cava. The above anastomosis
      is fashioned as close as possible to the right atrium and (3) partial diversion
      of the portal blood through the graft, while maintaining adequate portal blood
      for the host liver. Of the four animals that underwent transplants, three
      survived for more than 12 hr. One animal died after 1 day and another was
      sacrificed after 82 days. At this time, one animal is still alive, 8 months
      following transplantation and appears to enjoy a normal life. The present
      technique appears to anticipate the problem of space, of graft congestion, of
      graft atrophy, and mainly, the problem of functional competition between the
      graft and the host liver.

PMID- 3884901
TI  - Functional preservation of the mammalian kidney. VI. Viability assessment of
      rabbit kidneys perfused at 25 degrees C with dimethyl sulfoxide in RPS-2.
AB  - The study utilizes an ex vivo perfusion model to evaluate the effects of warm
      perfusion (25 degrees C) with two K+-rich vehicle solutions (RPS-2 and solution
      A) on whole rabbit kidneys. The suitability of the solutions as vehicles for
      introducing cryoprotectant concentrations (2.8 and 3.5 M) of dimethyl sulfoxide
      (Me2SO) and the effects of the addition of albumin to RPS-2 are also tested.
      Albumin (5 g/dl) does not appreciably improve the renal perfusion dynamics of RPS
      2. Results indicate that both RPS-2 and solution A serve as effective vehicles
      for the introduction of 2.8 M Me2SO, and the continued investigation of the RPS
      2/Me2SO protocol is advocated.

PMID- 3884902
TI  - Metabolic effects of pretreatment with Escherichia coli J5 antiserum on guinea
      pig gram-negative bacterial sepsis.
AB  - Antiserum raised to a rough mutant Escherichia coli, termed J5 (anti-J5 RS),
      protected against lethal gram-negative bacterial sepsis in a guinea pig model
      when animals were pretreated with both antiserum and heparin. This same model was
      used to examine and compare the effects of pretreatment with anti-J5 RS, normal
      rabbit serum (NRS), or saline, each +/- heparin on physiologic and metabolic
      parameters during a septic insult. Results demonstrated that leukopenia and
      thrombocytopenia occurred to a similar degree in all pretreatment groups; no
      significant leuko- or thrombostasis was noted on examination of histologic
      specimens; complement activation was maximal in those animals receiving anti-J5
      RS alone without heparin; the most abnormal amino acid profile was present in the
      NRS + heparin group; and only the anti-J5 RS + heparin group did not develop
      glomerular lesions indicative of disseminated intravascular coagulation. A
      complement-mediated cell aggregation-type injury does not appear to occur in this
      model. It is hypothesized that both excessive complement and coagulation system
      activation occur after bacterial challenge when antibody directed against the
      bacteria is present (anti-J5 RS) leading to antigen-antibody complex formation
      and complement and coagulation cascade activation. Heparin may block either or
      both these cascade systems allowing enhanced, antibody-mediated opsonization and
      clearance of blood-borne bacteria, thus preventing end-organ alterations and
      organ failure during sepsis when combined with anti-J5 RS.

PMID- 3884903
TI  - Nb rat prostate adenocarcinoma model: evaluation of the subrenal capsular assay
      system.
AB  - During the course of the last 6 years, this laboratory unit has evaluated the Nb
      rat prostate adenocarcinoma model with respect to various chemotherapies.
      Heretofore, tumors were treated after they had been implanted in the subcutaneous
      space. The most active chemotherapeutic agents have been cyclophosphamide,
      adriamycin, and cis-platinum. Herein, we report our initial experience utilizing
      the subrenal capsular assay. The advantage of this system is that one is able to
      determine the effect of chemotherapy in a very short period of time, ie, 7 days.
      This may be a method to save considerable expense and may serve as a useful
      predictor for potential future chemotherapeutic trials. In our assay systems,
      cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, cis-platinum, and methotrexate did result in a
      significant decrease in the change in tumor volume. This change paralleled the
      results that we have seen in the past with the use of chemotherapy of the
      subcutaneous tumor nodules. Further exploration of this method is warranted from
      a time efficiency standpoint as well as a cost standpoint.

PMID- 3884904
TI  - Cardiac tamponade in lung cancer.
AB  - Neoplastic cardiac tamponade is extraordinary and dramatic as an initial
      presentation of cancer and not so unusual as a late complication. Five clinically
      and microscopically confirmed cases of cardiac tamponade as the first
      manifestation of pulmonary adenocarcinoma are reported along with a review of
      pertinent literature.

PMID- 3884906
TI  - What ultrasonography can tell in breast masses that mammography and physical
      examination cannot.
AB  - The capability of ultrasonography to provide additional information to the
      physical and mammographic examination for therapeutic decision was investigated
      in a prospective study. Four hundred patients with palpable or radiologic breast
      masses requiring surgical biopsy were studied. The high resolution and accuracy
      of ultrasonography vs. mammography in the diagnosis of cystic masses (96%, 63/66
      vs. 42%, 20/48) (p less than 0.001) and fibrocystic masses (84%, 131/156 vs. 74%,
      80/108) (p less than 0.10), led to a substantial reduction of surgical biopsies
      in favor of aspiration or follow-up policy, particularly when physical
      examination and mammography were inconclusive. Breast cancers were accurately
      diagnosed in 73% (88/120) by sonography and 84% (98/116) by mammography (p
      greater than 0.10). The major limitation of ultrasonography was noticed in the
      diagnosis of minimal breast cancer (23%, 5/21) due to its inability to visualize
      microcalcifications. Our study validates the importance of ultrasonography in the
      diagnosis and therapeutic decision of cystic and fibrocystic masses but cannot
      substitute mammography in early detection of breast carcinoma.

PMID- 3884905
TI  - Intravesical chemotherapy of superficial bladder tumors in a controlled trial
      with cis-platinum versus cis-platinum plus hyaluronidase.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary
      bladder were randomized for intravesical chemotherapy with either cis-platinum or
      cis-platinum plus hyaluronidase, an enzyme promoting diffusion factor. Treatment
      was administered at 3-week intervals and checked for efficacy by repeated
      cystoscopies after every three instillations. Hematologic and biochemical tests
      were repeated prior to each treatment and, these, in additional to the
      cystoscopic findings, served for final evaluation of results and toxicity. The
      complete response rate was found to be superior with cis-platinum than with cis
      platinum plus hyaluronidase. The complete plus partial response rates were equal
      in both groups. We conclude that the addition of hyaluronidase to cis-platinum
      revealed no superiority to cis-platinum alone, and both modes of treatment showed
      similar clinical efficacy as other drugs previously used for intravesical
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3884907
TI  - Methods for producing experimental complete atrioventricular block in dogs.
AB  - This paper reviews methods for producing experimental complete atrioventricular
      (A-V) block in dogs, with emphasis on those methods that enable chronic A-V block
      to be obtained. The dog with chronic complete A-V block, particularly when
      unanesthetized, is a useful experimental model, and the production of complete A
      V block is an approach to the clinical treatment of certain supraventricular
      arrhythmias. Criteria for the choice of method are discussed, and the results
      obtained to date in the unanesthetized dog with chronic A-V block are briefly
      described to illustrate the usefulness of this experimental model.

PMID- 3884908
TI  - High-flow catheter ventilation during major tracheobronchial reconstruction.
AB  - Anesthetic management during tracheobronchial reconstruction is a concern to the
      anesthetist, who must maintain satisfactory gas exchange while ensuring adequate
      exposure to the trachea. The technique for high-flow catheter ventilation was
      first described for bronchoscopy, and it involves positive-pressure breathing
      with a high flow (40 to 60 L/min) of oxygen. This flow is directed to a semirigid
      catheter inserted in the endotracheal tube and around which the tracheobronchial
      anastomosis can be done without interruption. The value of the technique was
      tested in 18 patients undergoing tracheobronchial reconstructions. Patients' ages
      ranged from 22 to 69 years and the average duration of catheter ventilation was
      35 minutes. Regardless of the duration of high-flow catheter ventilation good
      arterial blood gas values were maintained in all patients. In six patients, the
      average oxygen tension (measured at 5 minute intervals) was 416 mm Hg and the
      average carbon dioxide tension was 34 mm Hg. One patient developed surgical
      emphysema during the procedure. The high-flow catheter ventilation provides
      specific advantages during tracheobronchial procedures: avoidance of endotracheal
      manipulations, unobstructed field during surgical reconstruction, and good
      oxygenation throughout the procedure.

PMID- 3884909
TI  - Survival following coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with severe angina
      pectoris (CASS). An observational study.
AB  - This observational study evaluates the effects of the severity of angina pectoris
      and the treatment method upon the survival of 4,209 patients in the Coronary
      Artery Surgery Study registry. In this nonrandomized study, these patients met
      the criteria used in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study randomized trial, except
      for the degree of angina pectoris and the method of selection of treatment. The 5
      year survival rate was greater than or equal to 93% in patients with Class I and
      II angina pectoris and normal left ventricular function, regardless of the number
      of involved vessels or treatment received. Late survival of surgically treated
      patients with Class III and IV angina pectoris and normal left ventricular
      function was similar, regardless of the number of vessels involved (greater than
      or equal to 92% at 5 years). Nonoperatively treated patients with Class III and
      IV angina pectoris and normal left ventricular function had poorer 5 year
      survival rates, lowest (74%) in patients with three vessel disease (p less than
      0.0001). This difference was also observed in patients with abnormal left
      ventricular function, three vessel disease, and Class III and IV angina pectoris;
      the 5 year survival rates were 82% for the operative group and 52% for the
      nonoperative group (p less than 0.0001). These data confirm the importance of
      clinical as well as anatomic factors in determining the prognosis of patients
      with ischemic heart disease and indicate that coronary artery bypass grafting can
      improve late survival in patients with triple vessel disease and severe angina
      pectoris.

PMID- 3884910
TI  - Pneumothorax during positive-pressure mechanical ventilation.
AB  - The hemodynamic and respiratory effects of unilateral pneumothorax were studied
      during positive-pressure mechanical ventilation in five sheep. The sheep were
      anesthetized, intubated, and placed on mechanical ventilation with positive end
      expiratory pressure (5 cm H2O). After baseline studies, including chest
      roentgenograms, were taken, increments of air were injected into the right
      pleural cavity. Measurements were repeated at pneumothoraces of 500, 1,000, and
      1,500 ml. There was a steady fall in cardiac output (p less than 0.02) at
      pneumothoraces of 1,000 and 1,500 ml. The decrease in cardiac stroke volume
      paralleled that of cardiac output. Heart rate rose (p less than 0.05) at a
      pneumothorax of 1,500 ml. There appeared to be a linear relationship between the
      percent increase in pneumothorax as estimated by roentgenogram and the percent
      fall in cardiac output (r = 0.991). There was a steady rise in mean pulmonary
      arterial, pulmonary arterial capillary wedge, superior vena caval, and inferior
      vena caval pressures, although the changes in inferior vena caval pressure were
      not statistically different from baseline. Peak airway pressure increased from
      baseline at pneumothoraces of 1,000 and 1,500 ml. Both right and left end
      expiratory intrapleural pressures increased and were statistically different (p
      less than 0.01) from baseline. However, there was a substantially greater rise in
      right intrapleural pressure than left. Arterial oxygen tension remained
      physiological throughout the study. This study indicates that cardiac output
      decreases as the amount of pneumothorax increases in sheep during mechanical
      ventilation. This study also demonstrates that, during positive-pressure
      mechanical ventilation, a relatively benign-appearing pneumothorax by chest
      roentgenogram may be associated with a significantly depressed cardiac output. In
      addition, arterial oxygen tension may not be useful in predicting the onset of
      pneumothorax during mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 3884911
TI  - The ongoing quest for ideal myocardial protection. A catalog of the recent
      English literature.

PMID- 3884912
TI  - [Effective methods of communication. A learning experience in the interaction
      with a patient with difficulty expressing his desires: the importance of nursing
      attitude to understand the patient].

PMID- 3884913
TI  - Erythromycin: a microbial and clinical perspective after 30 years of clinical use
      (2).
AB  - Erythromycin, first introduced for clinical use 30 years ago, was found to be
      effective for the treatment of gram-positive bacterial infections. Emergence of
      resistance and the advent of penicillinase-resistant penicillins limited the use
      of erythromycin for serious staphylococcal infections; however, erythromycin
      remains among the drugs of choice for the treatment of acne, infections of the
      skin and soft tissues, streptococcal pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonitis,
      diphtheria, carriers of pertussis, and, when administered with a sulfonamide,
      otitis media. Erythromycin is the drug of choice for the empiric treatment of
      outpatients with pneumonitis. Erythromycin is also the drug of choice for the
      treatment of Legionella pneumonia and is effective therapy for Chlamydia
      infections. Other uses of erythromycin include prophylaxis for elective colon
      operations and treatment of Campylobacter enteritis, genitourinary infections,
      and some sexually transmitted diseases.

PMID- 3884915
TI  - LMT's buyers guide to die systems/materials: accuracy is number one.

PMID- 3884914
TI  - Treatment of patients with brain tumors.

PMID- 3884916
TI  - Hospice role in alleviating the emotional stress of terminal patients and their
      families.
AB  - Terminally ill cancer patients in a Veterans Administration hospital were
      randomly assigned to receive hospice care. Follow-up evaluation through the time
      of death revealed no significant differences in anxiety or depression between
      hospice or control patients, but hospice patients exhibited significantly greater
      improvement in two of three measures of satisfaction (interpersonal care and
      involvement in care decisions). Hospice patients' significant others (SOs) showed
      some decrease in anxiety and greater satisfaction with involvement in care than
      did control SOs. The differences were attributable in part to hospice staff
      better meeting SOs' perceived needs.

PMID- 3884917
TI  - Public hospitals under contract management. An assessment of operating
      performance.
AB  - Numerous changes in their operating environments have caused many public
      hospitals to experience serious fiscal deterioration. One increasingly common
      response to this situation is contracting with private organizations for the
      provision of total management services. This study examines the effects of these
      contract management arrangements on the operating performance of public
      hospitals. Three areas of performance are considered: operating efficiency,
      service structure, and Medicare/Medicaid case load. Eighty short-term public
      hospitals operating under contract management in 1980 are compared with 122
      traditionally managed public hospitals and 74 hospitals 1-2 years prior to
      entering contract management. Controlling for a series of hospital and
      environmental variables, contract managed hospitals display several financial and
      organizational differences vis a vis the comparison groups. These findings are
      discussed in terms of their implications for policymakers, hospital managers, and
      researchers.

PMID- 3884918
TI  - [Allogeneic marrow transplantation in severe bone marrow aplasia. Factors
      determining the outcome in a series of 27 consecutive cases].

PMID- 3884920
TI  - [Limitations of echographic exploration of the pancreas].

PMID- 3884919
TI  - [Neurogenic diabetes insipidus].

PMID- 3884921
TI  - [Neuropathological findings in liver transplantation. Study of 29 cases].

PMID- 3884922
TI  - [Occipito-cervical dysplasia].

PMID- 3884923
TI  - [Localization by echography or tomodensitometry of endocrine tumors of the
      pancreas].

PMID- 3884924
TI  - [Diagnosis of thyroid nodules].

PMID- 3884925
TI  - [Clinical position regarding nodular thyroid pathology].

PMID- 3884926
TI  - [Lung abscess and empyema as clinical manifestations of Salmonella infection].

PMID- 3884927
TI  - [Parallel double-blind clinical trial of nifedipine versus a placebo in patients
      with chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency].

PMID- 3884928
TI  - [Viral hepatitis B transmitted by acupuncture: presentation of 5 cases].

PMID- 3884929
TI  - [Malaria transmitted among drug addicts].

PMID- 3884930
TI  - Prostacyclin-analogs.

PMID- 3884931
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies in the study of structure-function relationships of
      proteins.

PMID- 3884932
TI  - Healing the sick poor: social policy and disability in Norwich 1550-1640.

PMID- 3884933
TI  - Lay medical knowledge in the eighteenth century: the evidence of the Gentleman's
      Magazine.

PMID- 3884934
TI  - The professionalization of dentistry in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 3884935
TI  - The seventeenth-century Dutch hospital in Colombo.

PMID- 3884936
TI  - The genesis of Edward Jenner's Inquiry of 1798: a comparison of the two
      unpublished manuscripts and the published version.

PMID- 3884937
TI  - Illustrations from the Wellcome Institute Library. The Wellcome collection of
      papers relating to Edward Jenner.

PMID- 3884939
TI  - [Correction of saddle nose].
AB  - The saddle nose is caused by trauma, inadequate septum resection, or septal
      abscess. The extramucous method of rhinoplasty offers an ideal and very clear
      approach to the reconstruction of the cartilaginous septum, to the enlargement of
      the nasal valve, and thus to the reconstruction of the nasal pyramid. Our aim is,
      first of all, to use material taken from the nose. If this material cannot be
      obtained, autogenic cartilage from the rib or allogenic cartilage from the
      cartilage bank are employed.

PMID- 3884938
TI  - [Famous men born prematurely].

PMID- 3884940
TI  - [New therapeutic concepts in fractures of the bony orbits and zygoma].
AB  - The causes, types and degrees of zygoma fracture and fractures of the orbital
      floor and the orbital rim are described in general. The preoperative clinical
      signs, as seen from the viewpoints of the oto-rhino-laryngologist, the
      ophthalmologist, and the maxillofacial surgeon, combined with exact x-ray or
      computer tomograms, determine the timing of the action to be taken by the
      specialist. Endoscopy of the nose and the maxillary sinus by removing blood clots
      with an aspirator is of diagnostic as well as therapeutic value. The pros and
      cons of the different operation techniques are discussed. In blow-out fractures
      which need a reinforcement of the orbital floor, advantages and disadvantages of
      several autoplastic, and alloplastic materials are compared. Wire fixation
      technique is described along with the indication for miniplate osteosynthesis and
      the support by a balloon catheter. Own results using the ballon catheter
      emphasise the successful and risk-free technique.

PMID- 3884941
TI  - Congenital atresia of the external auditory canal.
AB  - Children with congenital atresia of the external auditory canal require an early
      assessment of hearing and a determination of the degree of atresia and associated
      pathology by polytomography and/or high-resolution CT scanning. We analyzed the
      otologic findings in 302 ears (239 patients) with severe atresia of the external
      auditory canal. Eighty-seven primary or revision surgeries were performed. Fifty
      three percent obtained a residual conductive deficit of 20 dB or less.
      Lateralization of the tympanic membrane graft was the primary cause of failure in
      obtaining good hearing results. The use of split-thickness skin graft instead of
      a full-thickness skin graft to cover the reconstructed external canal has
      decreased the incidence of restenosis and revision surgery.

PMID- 3884942
TI  - Technique of intranasal suturing.

PMID- 3884943
TI  - [Transfusion therapy in patients with severe aplastic anemia after bone marrow
      transplantation].

PMID- 3884944
TI  - [Electroconvulsive therapy--then and now].

PMID- 3884946
TI  - [Autotransplantation and ex situ surgery of the kidney--personal experience].

PMID- 3884945
TI  - [Preventive administration of antimicrobial drugs in patients treated by bone
      marrow transplantation].

PMID- 3884947
TI  - High-molecular-weight renin converting enzyme from dog kidney: detection and
      fractionation.
AB  - Renal cortical high-molecular-weight renin (Mw:60,000) of the dog is a complex of
      renin (low-molecular-weight renin; Mw:40,000) and a renin binding protein. We
      detected an enzyme-like substance that catalyzes the conversion from high- into
      low-molecular-weight renin. When the renal cortical extract was added to the high
      molecular-weight renin and the preparation incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min,
      the high-molecular-weight renin was converted into the low-molecular-weight form.
      No such conversion occurred in the case of renal medullary extract. This
      converting substance was fractionated using concanavalin A Sepharose, 70%
      ammonium sulfate saturation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The converting
      activity was inhibited by potassium tetrathionate, N-ethylmaleimide and 5,5'
      dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). These events suggest that this substance is an
      enzyme possessing sulfhydryl moieties. However, a cathepsin B inhibitor leupeptin
      did not affect the activity. Accordingly, the high-molecular-weight renin
      converting enzyme, which is sensitive to sulfhydryl oxidation, may explain the
      mechanism of interconversion between high- and low-molecular-weight renin
      involving the oxidation-reduction of tissue sulfhydryl groups.

PMID- 3884948
TI  - Atrial receptors, vasopressin and blood volume in the dog.
AB  - Recent work has clarified the relationship between stimulation of left atrial
      receptors and plasma vasopressin concentration (pAVP) and has allowed a rational
      explanation of a number of previously anomalous findings. There is now good
      evidence that mitral obstruction causes a decrease in pAVP and that the decreases
      in pAVP can occur within a normal range of pAVP in anaesthetized and
      unanaesthetized animals. A stimulus which is localised to the left atrial
      receptors also causes a decrease in pAVP and it is likely that this is due to
      stimulation of the complex unencapsulated endings in the atrium, with myelinated
      afferent fibres. Evidence is lacking that changes in the stimulus to ventricular
      receptors or to cardio-pulmonary receptors with C-fibre afferents influences
      pAVP. The diuretic response to left atrial distension is two-fold, an increase in
      free water clearance and a natriuresis. The increase in free water clearance is
      due to the decrease in pAVP; the cause of the natriuresis is unknown. The changes
      in pAVP occur rapidly in response to atrial distension (within 5 min). The
      stimulus provided to atrial receptors by atrial distension and the decrease in
      pAVP is maintained for at least 90 min. pAVP is also modulated in response to
      small changes in blood volume (+/- 10%). The changes in pAVP that occur over this
      range of blood volume are likely to be in the range of 1-10 pg/ml and to have
      their effects on renal water excretion rather than on vascular resistance. The
      much larger changes in pAVP which occur with greater degrees of blood loss, and
      which can affect vascular resistance are likely to be produced by changes in the
      stimulus to other receptors, but a low input from atrial receptors may be
      permissive for these stimuli to be effective. More work is needed to clarify the
      relationship between inputs from different receptor types.

PMID- 3884949
TI  - Comparative usefulness of cytology and peroxidase activity in conjunction with
      carcinoembryonic antigen levels for the diagnosis of mammary cancer.
AB  - Diagnosis of cancer via measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels has
      been unreliable in early neoplastic stages. In order to improve diagnostic
      reliability, other cytological parameters were examined with CEA. Fifty specimens
      of effusion fluid were obtained from 40 hospitalized patients and the levels of
      CEA determined by radioimmunoassay in conjunction with application of an
      immunoperoxidase procedure. Simultaneous morphologic assessment was performed
      without knowledge of the immunoassay findings. In 8 documented cases of mammary
      cancer, all effusion fluid specimens had CEA levels of 16-1074 ng/ml, 7 cases had
      morphologically positive cells, but only 3 had a peroxidase positive reaction.
      Except for one case of ovarian papillary adenocarcinoma, the remaining patients
      were cancer free, had CEA levels of less than 15 ng/ml and only 2 cases
      (including the ovarian tumor patient) gave positive peroxidase responses. The
      presence of mammary metastatic duct carcinoma correlated 88% with CEA
      measurements but peroxidase response was not diagnostically helpful.

PMID- 3884950
TI  - Cytoprotective effect of prostaglandins on isolated rat liver cells.
AB  - In vitro studies were carried out on isolated rat hepatocytes to examine further
      the proposed cytoprotective actions of prostaglandins (PG) using carbon
      tetrachloride (CCl4) as the toxic agent. Isolated hepatocytes, prepared by
      collagenase, were cultured in Leibowitz-15 medium. Following preincubation, CCl4
      (300 or 150 micrograms/ml) was added to the hepatocytes. Treatment with
      Indomethacin (INDO), 16, 16-dimethyl-PGE2(PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) was
      assayed in the cultures. Cell damage was measured by lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)
      release. 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was measured in the supernatant by direct
      radioimmunoassay. The results showed PGI2 (30.0 ng/ml) treatment 30 min after
      CCl4 (300 micrograms/ml) addition to be highly protective (p less than 0.001
      versus CCl4 control). PGE2 (3 ng/ml) showed similar protection (p less than
      0.001). INDO (2 micrograms/ml) following CCl4 (150 micrograms/ml) demonstrated
      increased cell death (p less than 0.001). INDO (0.5 micrograms/ml) reduced 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha production (p less than 0.05). Low dose ethanol (1.5 micrograms/ml)
      increased 6-keto-PGF1 alpha production (p less than 0.05). Ethanol (1.5
      micrograms/ml), added to stimulate endogenous PG production, was cytoprotective
      when added prior to CCl4 (p less than 0.01). This protection was suppressed by
      INDO. Ethanol added after CCl4 was not protective. We conclude that exogenously
      added PGI2 and PGE2 are cytoprotective in this in vitro model and that endogenous
      PG production may play a protective role in the initial stages of cellular
      damage.

PMID- 3884951
TI  - Effects of short-term, high-dose prednisone treatment of patients with HBsAg
      positive chronic active hepatitis.
AB  - We conducted a clinical trial to study the effects of a 10-week course of
      prednisone therapy and its withdrawal on serum aminotransferase levels and on
      hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers in patients with hepatitis B surface antigen
      (HBsAg) positive chronic active hepatitis (CAH-B). Eighteen patients with CAH-B
      were treated with prednisone, while another 18 patients matched for age, sex,
      race and sexual preference were followed simultaneously without treatment for the
      same duration. Nine of 18 prednisone-treated patients became transiently DNA
      polymerase positive. All nine patients developed a transient rise in serum
      alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels of greater than 300 U/L above baseline
      values, which was associated with a drop in HBsAg levels from a mean of 186
      micrograms/ml prior to therapy to 92 micrograms/ml at 6 months following
      treatment. Six of these patients developed fatigue, anorexia and dark urine, and
      four also developed either ascites or hemorrhage from esophageal varices, which
      was accompanied by hepatic encephalopathy. All six of these patients had
      histologic evidence of CAH with cirrhosis. In comparison, none of the control,
      untreated patients with CAH-B had any change in either HBV markers or serum ALT
      levels. Therefore, even a short course of prednisone in patients with CAH-B with
      cirrhosis is detrimental and its use should be discouraged.

PMID- 3884952
TI  - Variables affecting the enzyme-linked antiglobulin test when detecting and
      quantitating IgG red cell antibodies.

PMID- 3884953
TI  - A 'free-floating' technique for re-processing paraffin sections for electron
      microscopy.

PMID- 3884954
TI  - Rubella antibody detection by a microplate haemolysis-in-gel technique.

PMID- 3884955
TI  - Qualitative detection of aqueous formaldehyde in samples for bacteriological
      culture.

PMID- 3884956
TI  - [Radionuclide studies of the digestive organs during radiotherapy of cervix
      cancer].
AB  - A radionuclide study of liver, small intestine function and a radioimmunoassay to
      determine the level of insulin, C-peptide and gastrin in the blood were performed
      in 177 patients with cervical cancer before and during radiation therapy and in
      77 healthy women. Combined radiotherapy of cervical cancer was shown to result in
      disorder of absorptive-excretory function of the liver, disturbed fat
      assimilation in the small intestine and a decrease in gastrin production.
      Hyperfunction of the pancreas endocrine apparatus was noted in the cervical
      cancer patients, and radiation therapy caused the suppression of insulin
      production.

PMID- 3884957
TI  - [Ultrasonic and thermographic studies of the thyroid gland].

PMID- 3884958
TI  - [Beta-2-microglobulin in clinical practice].

PMID- 3884959
TI  - Anaerobic threshold: review of the concept and directions for future research.
AB  - The concentration of lactate in the blood is the result of (1) those processes
      which produce lactate and contribute to its appearance in the blood and (2) those
      processes which catabolize lactate after its removal from the blood.
      Consequently, the concentration of lactate in the blood provides minimal
      information about the rate of lactate production in muscle. The accumulation of
      lactate beyond the lactate threshold [T(lact)] does provide an indication that
      the mechanisms of lactate removal fail to keep pace with lactate production.
      Lactate is produced in skeletal muscle as a direct result of increased metabolic
      rate and glycolytic carbon flow. Factors which influence lactate production in
      muscle include: the Vmax of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), which is several times
      greater than the combined activities of enzymes which provide alternative
      pathways of pyruvate metabolism; the kM of LDH for pyruvate, which is
      sufficiently low to assure maximal stimulation of LDH in the conversion of
      pyruvate to lactate; and the K'eq of pyruvate to lactate conversion, which
      exceeds 1000. Recent studies on dog gracilis muscle in situ clearly indicate that
      lactate production occurs in contracting pure red muscle for reasons other than
      an O2 limitation on mitochondrial ATP production. In addition to failure of the
      essential assumption of the anaerobic threshold [T(an)] hypothesis that there
      exist limitations on O2 availability in muscles of healthy individuals during
      submaximal exercise, several groups of investigators have produced results which
      indicate that parameters associated with changes in pulmonary minute ventilation
      [i.e., the ventilatory threshold, T(vent)] do not always track changes in blood
      lactate concentration. Therefore, the T(an) hypothesis fails on the bases of
      theory and prediction. A series of kinetic tracer experiments to better
      understand lactate kinetics during exercise is proposed.

PMID- 3884960
TI  - Developmental regulation of motor function: an uncharted sea.
AB  - The field of developmental neurobiology is entering a very exciting phase, in
      which the application of new techniques promises to lead to major advances in our
      understanding of basic developmental processes. There is a need to apply much of
      this new knowledge to problems of spinal cord and muscle development, about which
      little is known at present. An understanding of the development of muscle fiber
      types and the spinal circuitry controlling locomotion would have a major impact
      on fundamental problems in motor control and exercise physiology. Significant
      progress is likely to be made in these areas in the next few years, but only if
      researchers interested in motor control and related areas take an interest in
      development. Among the most immediate problems that need to be addressed are: the
      lineage analysis of spinal neurons; identification of the factors controlling
      neuron differentiation; identification of the molecular basis for directed axon
      growth; and analysis of the factors controlling network assembly in the spinal
      cord. In muscle development, an understanding of how fiber type proportions are
      generated would have great significance for disciplines related to motor
      performance. The interaction and exchange of ideas between developmental
      biologists and exercise scientists promises to accelerate understanding and
      progress in both fields of endeavor.

PMID- 3884961
TI  - Anaerobic threshold: review of the concept and directions for future research.
AB  - Although the term anaerobic threshold was introduced 20 years ago, the concept
      that an exercise-induced lactic acidosis occurs at a particular oxygen uptake
      which varies among subjects is over 50 years old. The surge of new interest in
      the parameter relates to its strong relationship to prolonged exercise
      performance. The average marathon running speed has been shown to be closely
      related to the running speed at the anaerobic threshold. Numerous studies have
      shown that the parameter can be validly measured during incremental exercise from
      the gas exchange consequences of the increased carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion
      levels in blood resulting from bicarbonate buffering of lactic acid. Refinement
      of the noninvasive detection scheme has made the parameter attractive to
      investigators in preventative, rehabilitative, and occupational medicine and to
      researchers in the exercise sciences. Controversy exists regarding the specific
      cause for the onset of exercise-induced metabolic acidosis. As experimentation
      continues to unravel the mechanisms of lactate production and ventilatory control
      during exercise, the anaerobic threshold concept can be further evaluated.

PMID- 3884963
TI  - Insulin resistance in total lipodystrophy: evidence for a pre-receptor defect in
      insulin action.
AB  - The cause of insulin resistance in lipodystrophic diabetes is unknown but has
      generally been ascribed to dysfunction at either the receptor or post receptor
      level. In a 14 year-old girl with total acquired lipodystrophy, subcutaneous and
      intravenous insulin requirements approximated 600 units daily. However,
      circulating total and free insulin levels were not increased, and during testing
      by the euglycemic clamp method, the glucose response to increasing free insulin
      concentrations was within the range found in eight subjects with insulin
      dependent diabetes. Insulin clearance during the euglycemic clamp was 43, 98,
      115, and 116 mL/kg/min at each of four insulin infusion rates compared to means
      of 13, 13, 12, and 11 in the control subjects with diabetes. No detectable
      degrading activity was present in serum, and serum inhibited insulin degradation
      normally. Binding of insulin to IgG, IgM, and IgE was not increased, insulin
      binding to monocytes and erythrocytes was not sufficiently abnormal to account
      for the the insulin resistance, and insulin receptor increased insulin clearance
      or accelerated degradation of insulin by tissues.

PMID- 3884962
TI  - Impaired catabolism of very low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride in a family with
      primary hypertriglyceridemia.
AB  - In this report, kinetic studies of plasma very low-density lipoprotein
      triglyceride (VLDL-TG) were examined in five brothers (three affected and two
      unaffected) from a family with primary hypertriglyceridemia. Synthesis and
      catabolism of VLDL-TG were studied by in vivo labelling of plasma TG with 3H
      glycerol, and multicompartmental analysis of the plasma die-away curves. Results
      of the kinetic studies revealed the following information: (1) one brother, who
      had the highest plasma TG level and was obese, had both overproduction and a
      reduced fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of VLDL-TG; (2) second brother, who had
      moderate hypertriglyceridemia, had a low FCR and high-normal synthesis of VLDL
      TG; (3) a third, who had only mildly elevated TG, had a low FCR and normal
      synthesis of VLDL-TG; and (4) the two normolipidemic brothers had neither
      overproduction nor decreased FCR of VLDL-TG. The composition of the soluble
      apoproteins of VLDL was normal. The apoprotein E phenotypes were E4/3 in four
      brothers, and E3/2 in the fifth. We have reached the following conclusions
      regarding this family: (1) the common kinetic abnormality of VLDL-TG metabolism
      in the hypertriglyceridemic brothers was a low clearance of VLDL-TG; (2) impaired
      catabolism of VLDL could not be explained by the apoprotein C or E patterns; and
      (3) the most severe hypertriglyceridemia occurred when the decreased FCR was
      present in conjunction with VLDL-TG overproduction due to obesity. Thus, a
      moderate defect in catabolism of plasma TG appears to be responsible for one
      familial form of primary hypertriglyceridemia.

PMID- 3884964
TI  - Pathways of insulin degradation in isolated adipocytes: evaluation by gel
      filtration and differential precipitation.
AB  - Insulin degradation by isolated rat adipocytes was evaluated using gel filtration
      and a new technique of differential precipitation to fractionate the sample by
      molecular size using polyethylene glycol and trichloracetic acid. At 37 degrees
      C, 125I-insulin bound to adipocytes was rapidly degraded into small fragments or
      iodotyrosine. 125I-insulin in the medium was also degraded into iodotyrosine, as
      well as fragments intermediate in molecular weight between insulin and
      iodotyrosine. Lowering the temperature to 15 degrees C or adding bacitracin to
      the medium inhibited degradation in the medium but had little effect on cell
      associated degradation. Methylamine, on the other hand, inhibited cell-associated
      degradation, but had little effect on the insulin degradation in the medium.
      Addition of methylamine or bacitracin or lowering of the temperature increased
      the amount of 125I-insulin bound to the cell and prolonged the steady-state of
      binding. Bacitracin also produced a slight shift to the left in the dose response
      curve for insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation. Methylamine increased basal
      glucose oxidation, but had no effect on insulin sensitivity as measured in the
      glucose oxidation bioassay. These data suggest that isolated adipocytes in vitro
      exhibit at least two distinct pathways of insulin degradation, a cell-associated
      pathway which can be inhibited by methylamine and a medium pathway which can be
      inhibited by bacitracin. Neither pathway, however, appears to be closely linked
      to insulin's ability to stimulate glucose metabolism in these cells.

PMID- 3884965
TI  - The effects of short-term overfeeding on adipocyte metabolism in Pima Indians.
AB  - The effects on adipocyte metabolism of increasing daily caloric intake by
      approximately 60% for 14 days was studied in seven nondiabetic moderately obese
      southwestern Native American Indians. Mean body weight increased by 3.0 +/- 0.3
      kg, without any change in average size of isolated abdominal adipocytes.
      Overfeeding resulted in a 58% increase (P less than 0.01) in mean fasting plasma
      insulin concentration, whereas fasting plasma glucose concentration remained
      constant. Basal and maximum (8 nmol/L) insulin-stimulated glucose transport rates
      by isolated adipocytes increased by 83% (P less than 0.02) and 110% (P less than
      0.01), respectively, after overfeeding, associated with an increase of 118% (P
      less than 0.01) in the incremental response to maximal insulin stimulation.
      However, no differences in either the sensitivity (ED50 of insulin for the
      stimulation of glucose transport) or the responsiveness (percent stimulation by
      insulin) of glucose transport were seen in isolated adipocytes as a result of
      overfeeding. Maximum insulin-stimulated total glucose utilization rates by
      isolated adipocytes incubated at 5.5 mmol/L glucose were 63% greater after
      overfeeding, due to increases in lactate formation, triglyceride synthesis, and
      CO2 production. Mono125I-(Tyr A14)-insulin binding per cell and per cell surface
      area was similar before and after overfeeding. The lipolytic rate of isolated
      adipocytes, in the absence and presence of 25 nmol/L and 2 mumol/L isoproterenol,
      was decreased by 75% (P less than 0.02), 45% (P less than 0.05), and 27% (P less
      than 0.05), respectively, after overfeeding. However, overfeeding did not result
      in a significant difference in the sensitivity of antilipolysis to
      insulin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3884966
TI  - Instability of fasting blood glucose values in noninsulin-dependent diabetic
      patients with long-term insulin treatment.
AB  - We studied serum free C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) and the coefficient of
      variation (CV) of fasting blood glucose values (FBG) in 26 insulin-treated
      patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in relation to the
      duration of insulin treatment. Serum free CPR responses during 100 g oral glucose
      tolerance test (OGTT) were significantly lower in patients with insulin treatment
      for five years or more than in those with insulin treatment for less than five
      years although their previous immunoreactive insulin (IRI) responses during OGTT
      before insulin treatment showed no significant difference. CV of FBG was found to
      be significantly higher at the time of this study (20.6 +/- 7.8%, mean +/- SD)
      than at the second year of insulin treatment (15.3 +/- 7.7%, P less than 0.05) in
      the patients with insulin treatment for five or more years but did not show any
      significant difference in patients with insulin treatment for less than five
      years at the corresponding times. Thus we measured CV of the FBG in NIDDM
      patients at various intervals during the long-term insulin or oral hypoglycemic
      agent treatment in another study. In 20 patients with insulin treatment, CV of
      FBG was found to be significantly different among the various intervals during
      insulin treatment (P less than 0.0025). It was significantly higher at the eight
      year (22.2 +/- 8.6%) and 12th year (21.9 +/- 9.1%) than at the second year (14.9
      +/- 6.1%) and fifth year (15.0 +/- 6.7%) of insulin treatment (P less than 0.025,
      P less than 0.025; P less than 0.05, P less than 0.01, respectively).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3884967
TI  - Effect of exogenous insulin on glucose kinetics in rats with noninsulin-dependent
      diabetes.
AB  - Noninsulin-dependent diabetes (NIDD) was induced in adult female rats by neonatal
      administration of streptozotocin. Despite elevated basal plasma glucose values in
      the postabsorptive state (196 +/- 16 mg/100 mL as compared to 118 +/- 7 in the
      controls), the glucose disappearance rate measured after the intravenous glucose
      load was not significantly lower in the diabetic than in control rats. In
      contrast, in vivo glucose-induced insulin release was drastically reduced, thus
      suggesting that endogenous insulin was more effective on the target tissues of
      the diabetic rats. Glucose kinetics (glucose production, utilization, and
      clearance) in response to intravenous insulin injection were studied in
      anesthetized postabsorptive diabetic and control female rats using [6-3H]
      glucose. With a maximal dose of insulin (0.5 U/kg body weight) no difference in
      blood glucose-lowering effect of insulin was found between the 2 groups. With 2
      submaximal insulin doses (0.15 and 0.3 U/kg body weight), glucose production was
      inhibited more rapidly and more efficiently in diabetic rats than in control
      rats: 2 minutes after the 0.15 U/kg insulin injection, endogenous glucose
      production fell by 79 +/- 5% in the diabetics while being unchanged in the
      controls and the maximal decrease of glucose production after the same insulin
      injection was significantly greater in the diabetic rats (79 +/- 5% at 2 minutes)
      compared to the controls (33 +/- 4% at 6 min). The rise of glucose clearance in
      response to insulin was not significantly different in the 2 groups. These
      findings are discussed in view of the increased insulin clearance rate in these
      diabetic females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3884968
TI  - Supplemental essential amino acids augment the somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth
      factor I response to refeeding after fasting.
AB  - Plasma somatomedin-C (Sm-C)/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations
      have been shown to reflect changes in nitrogen balance induced by manipulation of
      nutrient intake. To assess the Sm-C/IGF-I response to refeeding a protein
      restricted diet in which the nitrogen source was supplemented with essential
      amino acids, six normal adults were fasted for five days, then refed for nine
      days diets consisting of 35 kcals/kg and 0.48 g protein/kg body weight. In one
      diet, 80% of the nitrogen was supplied as essential amino acids, and in the
      other, 80% was supplied as nonessential amino acids. Following the first
      fast/refeed cycle, a control diet was eaten for two weeks before the fast was
      repeated and the other test diet was ingested. The refeeding diets were given a
      random order. Plasma Sm-C/IGF-I fell from a pre-fast mean of 1.64 +/- 0.24 U/mL
      (mean +/- 1 SEM) to 0.67 +/- 0.18 (P less than 0.001) following fasting, and rose
      to 1.41 +/- 0.19 U/mL (P less than 0.001) following ingestion of the diet with
      supplemental essential amino acids. In contrast, when the same subjects were
      refed a diet in which 80% of the nitrogen was in the form of nonessential amino
      acids, the plasma Sm-C/IGF-I concentrations rose from 0.74 +/- 0.17 to 1.15 +/-
      0.15 U/mL (P less than 0.01). This increase was significantly less than that
      observed after ingestion of the essential amino acid supplemented diet (0.74 +/-
      0.10 U/mL v 0.40 +/- 0.11 U/mL; P less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3884969
TI  - Present state of the medical expert system CADIAG-2.

PMID- 3884970
TI  - Selection and assessment of laboratory tests for the evaluation of liver
      functional impairment.

PMID- 3884971
TI  - A molecular genetic study of nif expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae at the level
      of transcription, translation and nitrogenase activity.
AB  - A comprehensive study of nif expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae at the level of
      transcription, translation and nitrogenase activity during derepression and
      repression by NH+4 and O2 revealed that (1) transcription and translation rates
      remained coupled under all conditions; (2) these rates reached a peak during
      derepression and then decreased to a low level; (3) the transcription profile of
      nifLA had two peaks; the first was at 1 h before and the second coincided with
      that of the other operons; and (4) the peaks of nif transcription coincided with
      a trough in the profile of stringent regulation of RNA synthesis. Our results
      provide strong evidence that nif-specific repression by NH+4 and O2 occurs
      exclusively by transcription inhibition and that repression by O2 is independent
      of transcriptional regulation of the nifLA operon. We have also found evidence
      which together with the results of previous work shows that O2 repression of nifA
      mediated transcription involves the nifL gene product.

PMID- 3884972
TI  - Physiology of the SOS response: kinetics of lexA and recA transcriptional
      activity following induction.
AB  - The products of the lexA and recA genes play central roles in the regulation of
      the Escherichia coli SOS response. We have measured the rate of mRNA synthesis
      from each gene at intervals following various inducing treatments in order to
      obtain a more precise timing of the induction process. Further, we provide
      quantitative evidence for kinetics of decay from fully induced levels of mRNA
      synthesis to basal levels as the cells shut down the SOS response which are in
      agreement with previously published data on the expression of specific SOS
      functions. The induction kinetics of lexA and recA gene expression are parallel
      except for nalidixic acid (NAL) treatment, with the actual levels of lexA mRNA
      synthesis being about 10-fold lower than that of recA. Reestablishment of
      repression from RecA commenced over 30 min earlier than from lexA. These results
      are fully consistent with the model that the functions result from the increased
      gene expression.

PMID- 3884973
TI  - Molecular cloning and characterization of the alkB gene of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Using methods of in vitro recombination we constructed hybrid plasmids that can
      suppress the increased methylmethane sulfonate sensitivity caused by alkB
      mutation. Since the cloned DNA fragment was mapped at 47 min on the Escherichia
      coli K12 genetic map, an area where the alkB gene is located, we concluded that
      the cloned DNA fragment contains the alkB gene itself but not other genes that
      suppress alkB mutation. Specific labeling of plasmid-encoded proteins by the
      maxicell method revealed that the alkB codes for a polypeptide with a molecular
      weight of about 27,000. Introduction of a small deletion into the alkB region of
      the bacterial chromosome resulted in inactivation of both the alkB and ada genes,
      thereby suggesting that the two genes are adjacent on the E. coli chromosome.

PMID- 3884974
TI  - Cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the genes for ribosomal proteins S9 (rpsI)
      and L13 (rplM) of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The genes for the ribosomal proteins S9 (rpsI) and L13 (rplM) of Escherichia coli
      have been cloned into a lambda phage vector termed L47.1. The two genes were
      identified by infecting UV-light irradiated cells with the resultant phages and
      analyzing the protein products by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Suitable
      DNA fragments of the isolate were cloned subsequently into M13 phage vectors and
      their nucleotide sequence was determined by the dideoxy method. It is evident
      that the two genes form a transcriptional unit, the rplM gene being promoter
      proximal. There is a typical signal sequence for transcriptional termination
      after the rpsI gene. The codon usage pattern in the two genes is similar to other
      ribosomal protein genes of E. coli.

PMID- 3884975
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the yeast ARGRII gene involved in regulating
      both anabolism and catabolism of arginine.
AB  - ARGRII is one of the three regulatory genes controlling arginine metabolism in
      yeast. From a pool of hybrid plasmids carrying Sau3A fragments representing the
      entire yeast genome, a DNA fragment containing the regulatory gene ARGRII was
      cloned by complementation of an argRII- mutation, which prevents growth on
      ornithine as sole nitrogen source. Cells containing the cloned DNA regained the
      ability to repress the synthesis of anabolic enzymes and to induce the synthesis
      of the catabolic ones, when arginine is present. The 6.2 kb cloned DNA fragment
      encodes five transcripts (2.8 kb, 1.3 kb, 0.75 kb, 0.45 kb, 0.45 kb), which were
      located by S1 endonuclease mapping. By marker rescue the argRII- mutations were
      mapped in the DNA region coding for the 2.8 kb transcript, showing its importance
      in the control mechanism. Subcloning experiments confirm this result. However, at
      present the role of the 0.75 kb and 1.3 kb transcripts in the ARGR+ phenotype is
      unclear.

PMID- 3884976
TI  - Maintenance of multicopy plasmid Clo DF13 III. Role of plasmid size and copy
      number in partitioning.
AB  - To elucidate the mechanisms that operate in plasmid maintenance, we analysed the
      stability of different combinations of Clo DF13 derivatives present in the same
      bacterial cell. From the data described in this paper we conclude: (i) each Clo
      DF13 plasmid molecule has an equal chance of colonizing daughter cells upon cell
      division, (ii) the Clo DF13 minimal replicon harbours functions involved in
      plasmid segregation and incompatibility, (iii) in the case of cells harbouring
      plasmid replicons which differ in size, the smaller plasmid is gradually lost
      from the cell population, (iv) in the case of cells habouring plasmid replicons
      which differ in copy number, the lower copy number plasmid is always lost from
      the cell population. The effect of plasmid copy number is dominant over the
      effect of plasmid size.

PMID- 3884977
TI  - The Landis Award lecture for 1982. Biological barriers: their effects on cellular
      entry and metabolism in vivo.

PMID- 3884978
TI  - Financing health care for seniors is government's ongoing challenge.

PMID- 3884980
TI  - [Salmonella typhimurium isolated from a splenic abscess].

PMID- 3884979
TI  - [Distribution of beta-hemolytic Streptococcus groups according to clinical
      sources and age group].
AB  - Distribution of beta haemolytic streptococcus groups was investigated according
      to their clinical sources and patients' age groups. The major portion of the
      isolates from the respiratory tract specimens and pus was group A, and from the
      urine samples and vagina swabs was groups B and G. In the pediatric age group,
      percentages of groups A and C were found to be higher than those of the
      adolescents while the rates of groups B, D and G were elevated in the
      adolescents. These colonization sites and the age group distribution differences
      between Streptococcus groups have clinical and epidemiological importance.

PMID- 3884981
TI  - [The diagnostic value of antinuclear antibodies].

PMID- 3884982
TI  - Smith the wit.

PMID- 3884983
TI  - Malaria prophylaxis for travellers.

PMID- 3884984
TI  - Renal artery DSA for hypertension.

PMID- 3884985
TI  - Behavioural management of obesity.

PMID- 3884986
TI  - Obesity: definition, diagnosis and disadvantages.

PMID- 3884987
TI  - Treatment of intervertebral disc prolapse by intradiscal injection of
      chymopapain.

PMID- 3884988
TI  - Vasodilator drugs in the treatment of hypertension.
AB  - Vasodilator drugs counteract the major haemodynamic abnormality of hypertension,
      namely, arteriolar constriction. As a group, they tend to cause tachycardia and
      fluid retention, but these side-effects are variable within the group.
      Vasodilator drugs are effective in the treatment of the whole range of
      hypertensive diseases, from severe refractory hypertension to mild hypertension.
      With increasing recognition of the necessity of treatment in mild asymptomatic
      hypertension, those vasodilator drugs which can be used on their own, such as
      prazosin and calcium antagonists, are attractive as initial therapy, because they
      do not have adverse effects on the levels of atherogenic lipids and other risk
      factors for vascular disease. The major current use of vasodilator drugs in
      combination with a thiazide and a beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking drug is in the
      treatment of moderate-to-severe hypertension.

PMID- 3884989
TI  - Tropical fruit in the treatment of lumbar disc prolapse. A topical issue.

PMID- 3884990
TI  - Akhenaton.

PMID- 3884991
TI  - Plasmodium vivax malaria in children.

PMID- 3884992
TI  - Amdinocillin.

PMID- 3884993
TI  - Factors related to early deaths (ED) in children with acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia (ALL)

PMID- 3884996
TI  - [Clinical study on glucose intolerance and insulin response in obstructive
      jaundice].
AB  - Insulin responses to oral glucose loads were studied in patients with obstructive
      jaundice and compared with those of other liver diseases (fatty liver, chronic
      hepatitis and liver cirrhosis), pancreatic diseases, and definite diabetes
      mellitus. Compared with their corresponding glucose intolerance, high insulin
      responses were characteristic in fatty liver, chronic hepatitis and liver
      cirrhosis, and insulin responses and insulinogenic index decreased in chronic
      hepatitis and liver cirrhosis as glucose intolerance progressed. In obstructive
      jaundice with the pancreatic ducts stenotic or obstructed, insulin responses were
      suppressed in comparison with their corresponding glucose intolerance, and also
      insulinogenic index were below 0.5 in most of the cases. However, in obstructive
      jaundice with the pancreatic ducts intact, high insulin responses were observed
      in almost half of the cases with insulinogenic index above 0.5, and insulin
      response and insulinogenic index decreased as glucose intolerance progressed.
      While most cases of fatty liver, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis with
      insulinogenic index above 0.5 were distributed in non-diabetes zone in sigma BS
      sigma IRI plane (Kosaka's), those with insulinogenic index below 0.5 were
      distributed in intermediate zone. Most cases with obstructive jaundice with
      pancreatic ducts stenotic or obstructed, had insulinogenic index below 0.5 and
      were distributed in diabetes zone. However, half of cases with obstructive
      jaundice with pancreatic ducts intact, had insulinogenic index above 0.5 and
      their distribution in non-diabetes zone, while the other half had insulinogenic
      index below 0.5 and their distribution in diabetes zone. Therefore, it may be
      concluded that insulin responses increase at the early stage of obstructive
      jaundice mainly under influence of liver dysfunction itself, but that insulin
      response is suppressed at later stage of obstructive jaundice as pancreatic
      islets are affected.

PMID- 3884994
TI  - Fungal recombination.

PMID- 3884995
TI  - Structure and functional organization of light-harvesting complexes and
      photochemical reaction centers in membranes of phototrophic bacteria.

PMID- 3884997
TI  - [Study on the local immune system of the human pancreas and liver-
      ultrastructural localization of IgA and secretory component].
AB  - The localization of IgA and secretory component (SC) in human pancreas and liver
      was studied by the peroxidase-labeled antibody method. Ultrastructurally, SC was
      found in perinuclear spaces, in endoplasmic reticulum, in saccules associated
      with Golgi complexes, on basolateral membranes, in endocytic invaginations and in
      cytoplasmic vesicles of the pancreatic epithelial cells and the biliary
      epithelial cells. IgA was found in subepithelial connective tissues, in basement
      membrane and on basolateral membranes, in endocytic invaginations and in
      cytoplasmic vesicles of the cells in which SC was visualized. From the above
      findings, we concluded that IgA was transported into pancreatic juice and bile by
      SC-mediated vesicular transport mechanism across the pancreatic epithelial cells
      and the biliary epithelial cells. The presence of local immune system in human
      pancreas and liver is assumed to be one of the principal factors that prevent
      severe infection after surgical operation for the organs.

PMID- 3884998
TI  - Bisquaternary pyridinium oximes as allosteric inhibitors of rat brain muscarinic
      receptors.
AB  - The mode of interaction of bisquaternary pyridinium oximes with rat brain
      muscarinic receptors in cerebral cortex and brain stem preparations was studied
      by the use of the tritium-labeled antagonist N-methyl-4-piperidyl benzilate (
      [3H] 4NMPB). Binding of the labeled muscarinic antagonist was inhibited by these
      drugs, the most potent inhibitors being 1-(2-hydroxyiminoethylpyridinium)-1-(3
      cyclohexylcarboxypyridin ium)dimethyl-ether (HGG-42) and its 3
      phenylcarboxypyridinium analog (HGG-12) (apparent KI = 1.3-1.7 and 1.8-2.2
      microM, respectively). Analysis of the binding properties suggested that binding
      of the muscarinic antagonist and the bisquaternary pyridinium oximes was
      nonexclusive. Kinetic binding data provide evidence that the drugs inhibit
      binding of muscarinic antagonists in an allosteric manner, with a resulting
      decrease in the rates of both association of [3H]4NMPB to the receptor and its
      dissociation from it. These effects were observed both in brain stem and in
      cortical preparations even after pretreatment and washing out of the inhibitors.
      The selective natures of HGG-12 and HGG-42 were apparent from their irreversible
      effects on the number of muscarinic binding sites. In brain stem, the presence of
      these drugs resulted in a loss of about 30% of binding sites, which accounts in
      part for the apparent decrease in maximal binding capacity observed in the
      equilibrium binding of [3H]4NMPB. In the cortex, however, only approximately 10%
      of the muscarinic receptors were lost upon exposure to these drugs. The decrease
      in the muscarinic receptor population of the brain stem was dependent on both
      concentration and time and occurred both in vitro and in vivo following injection
      of HGG-12 into rats. Unlike the in vitro loss of receptor sites, which was
      irreversible, the in vivo effect was restored 2 hr after the injection. Taken
      together, the results suggest that the bisquaternary oximes are allosteric
      inhibitors of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and may be capable of
      distinguishing between receptor states and inducing specific irreversible
      effects. Because of these properties, the drugs may prove extremely useful as
      sensitive probes in studies on the nature of the agonist-receptor-effector
      relationship.

PMID- 3884999
TI  - Insulin uptake by rat liver endothelium studied in fractionated liver cell
      suspensions.
AB  - Cellular distribution of insulin receptors was studied in fractionated rat liver
      cell suspensions using 125I-insulin and a visual probe consisting of latex beads
      covalently linked to insulin (minibeads). Fractionation was done on metrizamide
      gradients which yielded two cellular fractions. The large cell fraction consisted
      mostly of hepatocytes and the small cell fraction consisted of 37% endothelial
      cells as well as Kupffer cells. The magnitude of insulin uptake by the
      endothelium-rich small cell fraction was at least double that of the uptake by
      the hepatocyte-rich fraction. The minibead technique demonstrated that in the
      small cell fraction only endothelial cells, and not Kupffer cells, were
      responsible for the insulin uptake. Our findings suggest that liver endothelium
      may be responsible for the uptake of circulating insulin and its transport to
      hepatocyte. This emphasizes the presence of a tissue-blood barrier in the liver.

PMID- 3885000
TI  - Partial reconstitution of 60S ribosomal subunits from yeast.
AB  - Ribosomal 60S subunits active in polyphenylalanine synthesis can be reconstituted
      from core particles lacking 20-40% of the total protein. These core particles
      were obtained by treatment of yeast 60S subunits with dimethylmaleic anhydride, a
      reagent for protein amino groups. Upon reconstitution a complementary amount of
      split proteins is incorporated into the ribosomal particles, which have the
      sedimentation coefficient of the original subunits. Ribosomal protein fractions
      obtained by extraction with 1.25 M NH4Cl, 4 M LiCl, 7 M LiCl, or 67% acetic acid,
      are much less efficient in the reconstitution of active subunits from these core
      particles than the corresponding released fraction prepared with dimethylmaleic
      anhydride. Attempts to reconstitute active subunits from protein-deficient
      particles obtained with 1.25 M NH4Cl plus different preparations of ribosomal
      proteins, including the fraction released with dimethylmaleic anhydride, were
      unsuccessful. Therefore, under our conditions, of the disassembly procedures
      assayed only dimethylmaleic anhydride allows partial reconstitution of active 60S
      subunits.

PMID- 3885001
TI  - Hexose metabolism in pancreatic islets. Galactose transport, phosphorylation and
      oxidation.
AB  - In rat pancreatic islets, the apparent space of distribution of galactose is not
      different from that of other hexoses. In homogenates of islets or tumoral insulin
      producing cells, galactose is phosphorylated at a very low rate relative to
      either glucose phosphorylation in the same tissues or galactose phosphorylation
      by liver homogenates. In intact islets, galactose increases modestly the glucose
      6-phosphate content and is oxidized at a much lower rate than glucose. Galactose
      slightly increases insulin output in the presence of a stimulatory concentration
      of glucose but fails to provoke insulin release in the absence of glucose,
      whether in islets removed from rats fed a normal or galactose-rich diet. The low
      rate of galactose oxidation and its poor insulinotropic capacity appear
      attributable to the weak activity of galactokinase in pancreatic islets.

PMID- 3885004
TI  - [Genetic engineering of peptide hormones].
AB  - The application of different approaches for preparing DNAs coding for peptide
      hormones was demonstrated. The libraries of human, bovine and porcine pituitaries
      cDNA were obtained starting from their total mRNAs. Screening of these libraries
      revealed clones containing human, bovine and porcine growth hormone sequences,
      cDNAs for bovine ACTH-beta-lipotropin precursor and for bovine and porcine
      prolactin. The gene of human calcitonin was created by combination of chemical
      and enzymatic synthesis. This synthetic gene was further cloned in pBR322. The
      expression of cloned human growth hormone cDNA under control of different
      Escherichia coli promoters was studied and physico-chemical and biological
      properties of the growth hormone produced by E. coli were tested.

PMID- 3885002
TI  - DNA polymerase III holoenzyme of Escherichia coli: components and function of a
      true replicative complex.
AB  - The DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is a complex, multisubunit enzyme that is
      responsible for the synthesis of most of the Escherichia coli chromosome. Through
      studies of the structure, function and regulation of this enzyme over the past
      decade, considerable progress has been made in the understanding of the features
      of a true replicative complex. The holoenzyme contains at least seven different
      subunits. Three of these, alpha, epsilon and theta, compose the catalytic core.
      Apparently alpha is the catalytic subunit and the product of the dnaE gene.
      Epsilon, encoded by dnaQ (mutD), is responsible for the proofreading 3'----5'
      activity of the polymerase. The function of the theta subunit remains to be
      established. The auxiliary subunits, beta, gamma and delta, encoded by dnaN, dnaZ
      and dnaX, respectively, are required for the functioning of the polymerase on
      natural chromosomes. All of the proteins participate in increasing the
      processivity of the polymerase and in the ATP-dependent formation of an
      initiation complex. Tau causes the polymerase to dimerize, perhaps forming a
      structure that can coordinate leading and lagging strand synthesis at the
      replication fork. This dimeric complex may be asymmetric with properties
      consistent with the distinct requirements for leading and lagging strand
      synthesis.

PMID- 3885005
TI  - [Biopolymers and evolution].
AB  - Biopolymers are usually studied being extracted from the whole system of a cell
      or of an organism. Some important features are lost during such a procedure. It
      is necessary to take into account the behavior of proteins and nucleic acids in
      metabolic networks and to investigate their evolution. The substitutions of amino
      acids metabolic networks residues are biologically possible in the polypeptides
      and proteins if they do not influence their spatial structure and function. The
      correlations of the primary structure with these properties are degenerate. The
      protein can be treated as "an edited statistical copolymer" (Ptitsyn). In the
      process of "edition" an important role is played by the ions of transient metals.
      Nucleic acids possess similar properties. It can be shown that the deleterious
      mutations of proteins can be compensated by the changes of their amount, spatial
      and temporal characteristics of the synthesis. Not only the structure of the
      protein is important but also the exact answers of the questions: how much, when
      and where? The contemporary theory of evolution unites phylogeny and onthogeny.
      The directionality of evolution is determined both by natural selection and by
      the already existing structure of an organism. Hence many characters are not
      adaptive. This is valid also for the molecular level of the structure. Thus three
      independent groups of facts and suggestions are presented, which confirm the
      neutral theory of evolution (Kimura) and elucidate its physical meaning. The
      molecular evolution does not coincide with the biological evolution.

PMID- 3885003
TI  - Influence of proteinase inhibitors on glucocorticoid receptor properties: recent
      progress and future perspectives.

PMID- 3885006
TI  - [Retroviral oncogenes and their cellular proto-oncogenes].
AB  - Recent data on the genome structure of transforming retroviruses and their
      cellular counterparts has been reviewed. Retroviruses are divided in several
      groups according to their oncogenic potential. Comparison of oncogenes and their
      protein products for most abundant transforming viruses are presented. Probable
      mechanisms of capture of cellular proto-oncogenes by retroviruses and the
      hypothesis of existence of endogenous transforming viruses are discussed. General
      features of cellular proto-oncogenes and possible ways of their activation
      resulting in neoplastic transformation are discussed. Some unresolved problems of
      retroviral carcinogenesis, in particular, the problem of existence of
      unidentified "X"-genes in retroviral genomes and involvement of constitutional
      viral genes in carcinogenesis are mentioned.

PMID- 3885007
TI  - Expression of the gene for ornithine decarboxylase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Diploid cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae homozygous for the spe1A mutation,
      which eliminates ornithine decarboxylase activity, were found to sporulate at a
      greatly reduced frequency in the absence of polyamines. Plasmids which complement
      the spe1A mutation were isolated by their ability to restore sporulation
      competence to these cells. Three distinct plasmids were isolated. Each plasmid
      insert overlapped the same 8.0-kilobase region, and each plasmid restored
      ornithine decarboxylase activity to spe1A mutants. These plasmids also conferred
      ornithine decarboxylase activity to Escherichia coli EWH319 from which the
      ornithine decarboxylase gene is deleted. The plasmid-encoded activity expressed
      in E. coli resembled S. cerevisiae ornithine decarboxylase in its kinetic
      characteristics, indicating that the yeast ornithine decarboxylase gene was
      cloned. Southern blot analysis suggested that ornithine decarboxylase is a single
      copy gene in S. cerevisiae. A single 2.1-kilobase transcript was demonstrated by
      Northern blot analysis.

PMID- 3885008
TI  - Viral and cellular fos proteins are complexed with a 39,000-dalton cellular
      protein.
AB  - The structure of viral and cellular fos gene products and their association with
      a 39,000-dalton cellular protein (p39) were investigated by using antisera raised
      against synthetic peptides. The first peptide, termed M, corresponded to amino
      acids 127 to 152 of the v-fos sequence, a region which is identical in c-fos. The
      second peptide, termed V, corresponded to the nine C-terminal amino acids of v
      fos; this region is not present in c-fos. Rabbit antisera were purified by
      affinity chromatography against their respective peptides before being used for
      immunoprecipitation. M peptide antisera precipitated p55v-fos and p55c-fos,
      whereas V peptide antisera precipitated only p55v-fos. This observation confirms
      the prediction from nucleotide sequence analysis that these proteins are distinct
      at their C termini. p39 was precipitated in association with p55v-fos and p55c
      fos by M and V peptide antisera. However, V peptide antisera did not precipitate
      p39 from cells expressing p55c-fos, even though the presence of p39 in such cells
      was demonstrated with M peptide antisera. Denaturation of cell lysates completely
      abolished the precipitation of p39, whereas the precipitation of p55v-fos was
      unaffected. Taken together, the data demonstrate that p39 exists in a complex
      with p55.

PMID- 3885009
TI  - RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: nucleotide sequence of wild-type and
      mutant alleles, transcript mapping, and aspects of gene regulation.
AB  - We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae. The coding region of the gene contained 2,334 base pairs that could
      encode a protein with a calculated molecular weight of 89,796. Analysis of RAD3
      mRNA by Northern blots and by S1 nuclease mapping indicated that the transcript
      was approximately 2.5 kilobases and did not contain intervening sequences.
      Fusions between the RAD3 gene and the lac'Z gene of Escherichia coli were
      constructed and used to demonstrate that the RAD3 gene was not inducible by DNA
      damage caused by UV radiation or 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. Two UV-sensitive
      chromosomal mutant alleles of RAD3, rad3-1 and rad3-2, were rescued by gap repair
      of a centromeric plasmid, and their sequences were determined. The rad3-1
      mutation changed a glutamic acid to lysine, and the rad3-2 mutation changed a
      glycine to arginine. Previous studies have shown that disruption of the RAD3 gene
      results in loss of an essential function and is associated with inviability of
      haploid cells. In the present experiments, plasmids carrying the rad3-1 and rad3
      2 mutations were introduced into haploid cells containing a disrupted RAD3 gene.
      These plasmids expressed the essential function of RAD3 but not its DNA repair
      function. A 74-base-pair deletion at the 3' end of the RAD3 coding region or a
      fusion of this deletion to the E. coli lac'Z gene did not affect either function
      of RAD3.

PMID- 3885010
TI  - Regulation of CDC9, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene that encodes DNA ligase.
AB  - We have cloned CDC9, the structural gene for Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA ligase,
      and investigated its transcriptional regulation both as a function of cell cycle
      stage and after UV irradiation. The steady-state level of DNA ligase mRNA
      increases at least fourfold in late G1, after the completion of start but before
      S phase. This high level of CDC9 mRNA then decays with an apparent half-life of
      ca. 20 min and remains at a low basal level throughout the rest of the cell
      cycle. The accumulation of CDC9 mRNA in late G1 is dependent upon the completion
      of start but not the CDC7 and CDC8 functions. Exposure of cells to UV light
      elicits an eightfold increase in DNA ligase mRNA levels.

PMID- 3885011
TI  - Characterization of yeast strains with conditionally expressed variants of
      ribosomal protein genes tcm1 and cyh2.
AB  - We placed a regulatory sequence derived from the GAL10 locus of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae at various distances from the start sites of transcription of two
      yeast ribosomal protein genes, tcm1 and cyh2. The hybrid ribosomal protein genes
      were transcribed at wild-type levels in the presence of galactose. In the absence
      of galactose, the hybrid genes were transcribed either at a reduced level or
      essentially not at all. Yeast cells which transcribe the ribosomal protein genes
      at a reduced rate continued to grow, suggesting that enhanced translation of the
      ribosomal protein mRNA may permit an adequate rate of synthesis of the
      corresponding protein. Consistent with this suggestion is the finding that
      preexisting mRNA decayed at a reduced rate when transcription was halted abruptly
      by removal of galactose. Yeast cells unable to transcribe tcm1 or cyh2 without
      galactose did not grow. These conditional lethal strains demonstrate that the
      ribosomal proteins encoded by tcm1 and cyh2 are essential; furthermore, these
      strains are potentially useful for isolating mutations in the tcm1 and cyh2
      proteins affecting their transport, assembly, or function.

PMID- 3885012
TI  - [Inpatient, day clinic and ambulatory care of children and adolescents with
      chronic kidney disease].
AB  - Based on personal experience in caring for about 2,500 children with various
      kidney disorders, the role of individual factors such as age, diagnosis, and
      origin of patients for the type of medical care is discussed. Most patients can
      be cared for in an outpatient or day-clinic setting. Major interventions such as
      renal biopsy requiring hospital admission are exceptions. For a successful
      therapy a constant flow of information between medical practitioners or non
      specialised hospital services and the pediatric nephrology centre is needed.
      Daytime care in a clinical setting today is feasible in a number of situations,
      e.g. for performing renal function tests and for introducing parents into certain
      diagnostic or therapeutic procedures such as measurement of blood pressure,
      manual bladder expression and dietary manipulations. Training for home dialysis
      as well as centre dialysis are preferably performed under outpatient conditions.
      The recent introduction of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for
      outpatients has allowed to reduce the number of patients requiring hospital
      dialysis which is more expensive.

PMID- 3885013
TI  - [Chemotaxis defect and recurrent E. coli meningitis].
AB  - The increased susceptibility to bacterial infections due to a decreased
      chemotaxis of neutrophil granulocytes was investigated in a premature small for
      gestational age baby, who such suffered from recurrent E. coli-meningitis. Causes
      as anatomic lesions, brain abscess, septic granuloumatosus disease and the
      Chediak-Higashi-anomaly were ruled out. At the age of 9 and 13 weeks chemotaxis
      function compared to age-matched and adult controls was diminished. Addition of
      serum from healthy adults increased directed migration without reaching normal
      levels. The study of the complement status revealed a diminution of CH50, the
      alternate pathway components and C6-C9. Thus, decreased chemotaxis is believed to
      originate from a combined intrinsic-extrinsic defect. No relapses of infection
      were observed during prophylactic treatment with ascorbate and cotrimoxazole.
      Intrinsic as well as extrinsic chemotaxis became normal at the age of 7 months.
      Simultaneously, complement status was found to approach normal levels. The
      relevance of haematologic-immunologic evaluation in cases of relapsing severe
      bacterial infections in preterm newborns is discussed.

PMID- 3885014
TI  - Clinical aspects of gestational trophoblastic disease.

PMID- 3885015
TI  - 11- and 12-chloromethylbenzo[a]pyrene are potent direct-acting mutagens in the
      Ames assay.

PMID- 3885016
TI  - Characteristics of major mutagenicity of instant coffee.
AB  - Detailed quantitative studies on the mutagenicity of methylglyoxal showed that
      its contribution to the total mutagenicity of instant coffee on S. typhimurium
      TA100 was minor although we reported previously (Kasai et al., 1982) that its
      contribution to the mutagenicity of freshly brewed coffee was about 50%. Cysteine
      suppressed the mutagenicity of methylglyoxal and of methylglyoxal when added to
      instant coffee, but did not affect the mutagenicity of coffee itself. Catalase
      suppressed most of the mutagenicity of coffee, but not that of methylglyoxal or
      of methylglyoxal added to coffee.

PMID- 3885017
TI  - Mutagenicity of pyrene in Salmonella.
AB  - Pyrene was tested for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98,
      TA100 and TA1537. Mutagenicity was seen in all strains when S9 was present.

PMID- 3885018
TI  - Inhibitory effect of organic solvents on the mutagenicity of N
      nitrosodialkylamines in Salmonella.
AB  - The influence of organic solvents on the mutagenicity of 11 N-nitrosamines was
      examined in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 using the Ames's liquid incubation assay
      in the presence of rat-liver S9. The mutagenic activities of N
      nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, 6 oxidative derivatives of N
      nitrosopropylamine and N-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine were considerably
      decreased by addition of dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, acetone, 95%
      ethanol or acetonitrile, which are recommended for use as solvents in the assay
      by Ames's group, to the incubation mixture. The mutagenic activities of N
      nitrosodipropylamine and N-nitrosodibutylamine, which are barely soluble in
      water, were also suppressed by increasing concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide.
      These organic solvents did not appear to exert their influence by desmutagenic
      and antimutagenic actions. In contrast, the recoveries of unmetabolized
      carcinogens from preincubation mixtures and from agar plates were significantly
      higher in the presence of organic solvents than in their absence. The results
      indicate that the inhibitory effect is a result of interference with the process
      of metabolic activation by liver S9.

PMID- 3885019
TI  - Mutagenicity of nitropyrenes for Escherichia coli: requirement for increased
      cellular permeability.
AB  - Nitropyrenes are mutagenic to E. coli strains that have increased permeabilities
      to large molecules and carry plasmid pKM101.

PMID- 3885021
TI  - Paramorphogenic and genotoxic activity of Triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl
      sulphate in Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - The genotoxic activities of Triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl sulphate in
      Aspergillus nidulans were assessed in order to evaluate their relative merits as
      paramorphogenic agents. Triton X-100 was found to be ideally suited to this
      purpose due to its efficient paramorphogenic effect and lack of genotoxicity.
      Sodium dodecyl sulphate was considered unsuitable since it reduced viability and
      was inconsistent in its paramorphogenic action.

PMID- 3885020
TI  - Desmutagenic effects of N-acetylcysteine on direct and indirect mutagens.

PMID- 3885022
TI  - Activity of bromochlorodifluoromethane (BCF) in three mutation tests.
AB  - The halocarbon BCF was tested in 3 assays to assess its mutagenicity and
      clastogenicity. It produced a positive response in Salmonella typhimurium strain
      TA1535 but was negative in TA1537, TA1538, TA98 and TA100. In an L5178Y mouse
      lymphoma microwell assay (TK locus), BCF was negative. BCF was administered at
      5000 and 50 000 ppm in air for 6 h to groups of C57B1/6J mice of both sexes.
      Animals were killed at 24, 48 and 72 h after cessation of exposure and the
      incidence of bone marrow micronuclei per 1000 PCEs determined. There was no
      significant difference in the incidences of micronuclei between untreated animals
      and those exposed to either concentration of BCF at any of the sampling times.
      These results suggest that BCF is mutagenic in vitro in only one strain of
      Salmonella; in mammalian cells the compound induced no gene mutation in vitro nor
      clastogenic activity in vivo at doses that also produced clear evidence of
      toxicity.

PMID- 3885023
TI  - DNA-fork displacement rates in cultured mammalian cells with mutations in
      ribonucleotide reductase.
AB  - DNA-replication fork displacement rates were measured in mouse S49 lymphosarcoma
      cell lines and in derivatives of those cell lines. One of the derivatives lacks
      dCMP deaminase activity and two others bear defined mutations in ribonucleotide
      reductase. We also examined a revertant cell line that was selected from one of
      the ribonucleotide reductase mutants and has regained normal ribonucleotide
      reductase activity. Our results show a correlation between decreased fork
      displacement rates and alterations in ribonucleotide reductase, suggesting a
      possible involvement of this enzyme in the replication apparatus.

PMID- 3885024
TI  - Interspecies regulation of the SOS response by the E. coli lexA+ gene.
AB  - A plasmid-encoded E. coli lexA+ gene was introduced into 6 species of
      Enterobacteria. Ultraviolet light-sensitization occurred in all species except P.
      rettgeri, and 4 organisms showed reduced inducibility of RecA-like proteins. The
      mechanism of lexA+ control of the SOS response therefore appears common to
      several species.

PMID- 3885025
TI  - Genetic control of the bypass of mono-adducts and of the repair of cross-links
      photoinduced by 8-methoxypsoralen in yeast.
AB  - A large UVA dose by itself induces lethal damage revealed in some repair
      deficient strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Following photoaddition of a
      monofunctional psoralen derivative, 3-carbethoxypsoralen, an extra killing effect
      is observed by applying a second high UVA dose, in conditions where a fraction of
      8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) plus UVA-induced monoadducts are transformed into DNA
      cross-links. In an excision-repair-deficient context, the bypass of 8-MOP plus
      UVA-induced monoadducts is under the control of the RAD6+ gene product. However,
      when other steps of the mutagenic pathway are blocked by the rad18-2 or the pso1
      1 mutations, bypass occurs. This is also true when in excision-deficient strains
      the recombinogenic pathway is blocked by the rad52-1 mutation. The recombinogenic
      pathway may be an alternative to the mutagenic pathway for bypass of monoadducts.
      The repair of the lesions induced by a second UVA dose applied after a first
      treatment by 8-MOP plus UVA [i.e. cross-links and other putative lesion(s)] is
      controlled by at least the RAD2+, RAD6+, RAD52+, PSO2+ and PSO1+ gene products.
      The role of the pathways involved is discussed according to the nature of the
      secondarily induced lesions.

PMID- 3885026
TI  - Activation of N-acetoxy- and N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene to mutagenic and
      cytotoxic metabolites by V79 Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - N-Acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAAF) and N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (OH
      AAF) are mutagenic to V79 cells, causing the induction of 6-thioguanine-resistant
      clones, and are cytotoxic. The presence of the deacetylase inhibitor, paraoxon,
      drastically reduces both the mutagenic and cytotoxic effects. This strongly
      suggests that deacetylated metabolites are the major active species. Furthermore,
      when Salmonella typhimurium TA98 is used as target organism, addition of
      homogenate of V79 cells strongly potentiates the mutagenicity of OH-AAF. To our
      knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating a significant biological effect
      due to the metabolism of a mutagen by V79 cells.

PMID- 3885027
TI  - [Naftifin in severe dermatomycosis--controlled comparison of efficacy with
      econazole].

PMID- 3885028
TI  - [Immunoelectronmicroscopic investigations of the cell walls of Saccharomyces
      uvarum Beijerinck (S. carlsbergensis Hansen) and Candida albicans (robin)
      berkhout grown in calcium deficient media].

PMID- 3885029
TI  - The biosynthesis of the histidine-rich protein of Plasmodium lophurae and the
      cloning of its gene in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Uninucleate trophozoites and schizonts of Plasmodium lophurae were labeled
      metabolically with [3H]proline. Analysis of labeled parasites indicated that the
      histidine-rich protein (HRP) was the major polypeptide synthesized by both
      developmental stages; in trophozoites it represented a larger proportion of total
      labeled polypeptides. Polyadenylated RNA was prepared from trophozoites and
      translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system in the presence of
      [3H]histidine. As compared to the approx. 50 kDa mature protein, in the cell-free
      system HRP was synthesized as an approx. 58 kDa precursor polypeptide. Size
      selected, polyadenylated RNA was used to construct a complementary double
      stranded DNA library in pBR322 and plasmids containing HRP sequences were
      identified by hybridization with a synthetic oligonucleotide probe.

PMID- 3885030
TI  - Antagonism of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine antimalarial activity in vitro by p
      aminobenzoic acid, p-aminobenzoylglutamic acid and folic acid.
AB  - The activity of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine against two strains of Plasmodium
      falciparum has been studied in vitro by a radioisotopic technique. Low level
      antagonism of pyrimethamine resulted from the inclusion of p-aminobenzoic acid, p
      aminobenzoylglutamic acid or folic acid in the test medium. Sulfadoxine activity
      was antagonised slightly by p-aminobenzoic but not by p-aminobenzoylglutamic
      acid, and antagonised markedly by folic acid at concentrations above 4 X 10(-8)
      M. At 10(-7) M folic acid, a concentration lower than that of normal RPMI medium
      1640, sulfadoxine activity was reduced 7000 to 9000-fold in comparison with
      controls. These results are of importance in terms of the utilisation of folates
      by P. falciparum, the susceptibility of the parasite to antifolate drugs and the
      in vitro determination of parasite susceptibility.

PMID- 3885031
TI  - Stage specific gene expression precedes morphological changes during Trypanosoma
      cruzi metacyclogenesis.
AB  - The transformation of epimastigotes to metacyclic trypomastigotes of the
      Trypanosoma cruzi clone Dm 28c has been studied in an in vitro system consisting
      of artificial triatomine urine supplemented with newborn calf serum. The
      comparison of morphological data with gene expression products, as judged by the
      proteins synthesized during differentiation, has shown that stage specific gene
      activation precedes by far the morphological changes of differentiating cells.
      Immunoprecipitation of differentiating cell antigens with a trypomastigote stage
      specific antiserum has shown that although the morphological differentiation
      process takes six days to be completed, epimastigotes start to express the Mr 86
      000 and the 78 000 trypomastigote antigens within the first 12 h of induction.

PMID- 3885032
TI  - Inhibition of pyrimidine biosynthesis de novo in Plasmodium falciparum by 2-(4-t
      butylcyclohexyl)-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone in vitro.
AB  - The effects of the hydroxynaphthoquinone BW58C on some metabolite levels and the
      flux of H14CO3 through the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway of intact
      Plasmodium falciparum have been studied in vitro using HPLC techniques. 800 nM
      BW58C appeared to have no significant effect on the energy status of isolated P.
      falciparum, but at 0.1 nM it caused a dramatic decrease in the concentrations of
      pyrimidine nucleotides, specifically UTP, during 256 min of incubation. Although
      about one hour was required to achieve a significant decrease in pyrimidine
      nucleotide concentrations, a much more rapid inhibition of the flux of H14CO3
      through the de novo pathway was found upon addition of 0.1 nM BW58C. This
      inhibition caused about a 10 fold increase in the radioactivity of carbamoyl
      aspartate over a 64 min period, and an overall increase in the concentration of
      this metabolite of about 3 fold during 256 min of incubation. These effects of
      BW58C against P. falciparum in vitro are discussed in terms of inhibition of de
      novo pyrimidine biosynthesis at the site of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 3885033
TI  - Trial of penicillamine in advanced primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - A total of 227 patients with histologically advanced primary biliary cirrhosis
      entered a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial to determine whether
      penicillamine (1 g per day) was therapeutically effective; 111 patients received
      the drug, and 116 received placebo. The two groups were highly comparable at
      entry with regard to clinical, biochemical, and histologic features.
      Penicillamine therapy did not result in an overall improvement in survival as
      compared with placebo. Clinical symptoms and serial hepatic laboratory values
      reflected the progressive nature of the disease and were similar in both groups.
      There were no substantial differences between treatment groups in the morphologic
      features of sequential biopsy specimens. The development of major side effects
      led to permanent discontinuation of penicillamine in 22 per cent of the patients
      taking the drug. We conclude that penicillamine is not useful for patients with
      histologically advanced primary biliary cirrhosis. The trial is being continued
      in patients with early histologic disease whose better prognosis necessitates
      longer follow-up.

PMID- 3885034
TI  - Current concepts. Wernicke's encephalopathy.

PMID- 3885035
TI  - Intranasal aerosolized insulin. Mixed-meal studies and long-term use in type I
      diabetes.
AB  - We assessed the efficacy of intranasal aerosolized insulin containing laureth-9
      as a surfactant in patients with Type I diabetes by fasting studies in 8
      patients, mixed-meal studies in 15, and long-term home use in 8. The intranasal
      insulin (1 U per kilogram of body weight in 1 per cent laureth-9) was rapidly
      absorbed (in 15 minutes); it lowered the plasma glucose level by 50 per cent in
      45 minutes in fasting normal controls and by 50 per cent in 120 minutes in
      fasting diabetics. The glucose-lowering potency depended on the insulin dose and
      surfactant concentration. Nasal irritation was proportional to surfactant
      concentration, with great variability among subjects. After intranasal insulin
      used before meals (1 U per kilogram in 1 per cent laureth-9), the two-hour
      postprandial glucose level increased above before-meal levels by 38 mg per
      deciliter, as compared with 191 mg per deciliter after intranasal placebo in
      patients with Type I diabetes (P less than 0.05). An outpatient feasibility study
      examining three months of use of intranasal aerosolized insulin before meals as a
      supplement to Ultralente insulin revealed that the aerosol was well tolerated,
      with glycemic control (as indicated by the percentage of glycohemoglobin, home
      glucose measurements, and hypoglycemic reactions) comparable to that during a
      subsequent three-month period of conventional subcutaneous insulin treatment. The
      results suggest that intranasal insulin has potential as an adjunct to
      subcutaneous insulin in the therapy of Type I diabetes.

PMID- 3885036
TI  - The human T-cell receptor. Structure and function.

PMID- 3885037
TI  - Insulin delivery: how, when, and where.

PMID- 3885038
TI  - HLA typing of Japanese patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: significant
      association with HLA-DQw3.

PMID- 3885039
TI  - Medicare turns to HMOs: a caveat.

PMID- 3885040
TI  - No evidence for regulation of plasma renin by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.

PMID- 3885041
TI  - Contribution to the study of Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius.
AB  - 50 Strains of Aspergillus fumigatus were studied for enzymatic and physiologic
      profile. Proteolytic and lipolytic activity were lacking. Various ribonucleases
      and sacchrolytic enzymes were found.

PMID- 3885042
TI  - Ultrastructure of Cryptococcus neoformans in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient
      with cryptococcal meningitis.
AB  - The ultrastructure of Cryptococcus neoformans in the cerebrospinal fluid, which
      was obtained from a patient suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus and
      cryptococcal meningitis, before treatment and on the 10th and 20th day after the
      start of treatment was studied. Numerous cryptococci were detected in their
      cerebrospinal fluid before treatment. However, in most of them their biological
      activity was low and their organelles were not clear. A few yeasts preserved well
      their organelles. Such cells showed a tendency to develop vesicular membrane
      structures (lomasomes) touching the internal part of the cell wall. In the
      cerebrospinal fluid on the 20th day all of the yeasts were dead, even though
      numerous yeasts were observed by an India-ink method. At this time no colonies
      were recovered from the fluid.

PMID- 3885043
TI  - Sulphate sequestered in the sulphate-binding protein of Salmonella typhimurium is
      bound solely by hydrogen bonds.
AB  - An important question in understanding substrate binding by proteins is how
      charged groups are stabilized in the absence of their solvation shell. We have
      addressed this question here by solving the structure of the sulphate-binding
      protein of Salmonella typhimurium with bound substrate at 2.0 A resolution. The
      results are remarkable in that the charged oxygen atoms of the sulphate molecule,
      which is buried and completely inaccessible to the solvent, are not stabilized by
      the formation of salt-bridges but by hydrogen bonds donated by specific residues
      of the protein. These hydrogen bonds are in turn coupled via peptide units to
      several resonating hydrogen bonding systems. These findings may be of general
      significance for the role of electrostatic interactions in protein structure and
      function.

PMID- 3885044
TI  - Myosin filaments in cytoplasm.

PMID- 3885045
TI  - c-myc oncogene protein synthesis is independent of the cell cycle in human and
      avian cells.
AB  - Several lines of evidence suggest a role for the myc oncogene in cell
      proliferation. Most recently, mitogenic stimulation of quiescent lymphoid,
      fibroblast and epithelial cells has been demonstrated to lead to a sharp increase
      in c-myc RNA levels. To determine how c-myc expression is linked to the cell
      proliferative cycle, we have used centrifugal elutriation to enrich for
      populations of avian and human cells at different stages of the cell cycle.
      Centrifugal elutriation is a counterflow centrifugation method that separates
      cells on the basis of volume, a parameter correlating well with progression
      through the cell cycle. Using myc-specific anti-peptide antibodies, we show here
      that the synthesis, half-life and modification of c-myc proteins are constant
      throughout the cell cycle of normal and transformed cells.

PMID- 3885046
TI  - Pheromone-processing protease of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PMID- 3885048
TI  - The proper use of systemic fluoride supplements with children in medical and
      dental practices.

PMID- 3885049
TI  - Drugs worked but how? Frederick Bernheim unravels the mystery.

PMID- 3885047
TI  - Increase in insulin response to glucose in the rat chronically treated with
      clonidine.
AB  - Effect of chronic clonidine treatment on the response to glucose of rat
      pancreatic B-cells was investigated. Clonidine treatment was carried out for 10
      days by dissolving the drug into drinking water at a concentration of 10
      micrograms/ml. Control rats were given drug-free tap water. Serum insulin
      responses to glucose (750 mg/kg, i.v.) of clonidine-treated rats were much
      smaller than those of control rats. However, after 1 day's withdrawal of
      clonidine, the rise in the serum insulin level induced by glucose was
      approximately 2-fold larger in clonidine-treated rats as compared to that in
      control rats. Since clonidine treatment decreased body weight of the rat by 10%
      20% in 10 days, the same experiments were carried out with rats whose body weight
      loss was made comparable to that of clonidine-treated rats by restricting food
      for 10 days. Then, some animals of the group thus treated had food-restriction
      discontinued for 1 day. In both of the above two groups, no increment in glucose
      induced rise in serum insulin level was observed. Islets of Langerhans isolated
      from clonidine-treated rats showed pronounced insulin releasing capacity in
      response to glucose. Insulin content per islet of the clonidine-treated rat was
      slightly larger than that of control rat. These results indicate that the
      enhancement of serum insulin response to glucose following clonidine treatment is
      mainly attributable to the hyper-responsiveness developed in the pancreatic B
      cells.

PMID- 3885050
TI  - [Prevention of postmenopausal bone loss].

PMID- 3885051
TI  - [Vitamin D, the prehistoric bleacher, important from cradle to grave].

PMID- 3885052
TI  - [Use of the computer in the surveillance of hospital infections].

PMID- 3885053
TI  - [A decade of research on viral gastroenteritis in young children].

PMID- 3885054
TI  - Our forgotten Nightingales: Abby, Jane, and Gergy Woolsey.

PMID- 3885055
TI  - An internship for nurses: get involved!

PMID- 3885056
TI  - The non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: a review.

PMID- 3885057
TI  - Spontaneous pulmonary metastasis of human cancer cells in X-irradiated and
      nonirradiated nude mice.
AB  - Effect of whole body X-irradiation on the spontaneous pulmonary metastasis of
      human cancer cells transplanted into adult nude mice was investigated. Human
      cancer cells were inoculated into footpads of adult nude mice following 3 Gy
      whole body X-irradiation. The incidence of pulmonary metastasis was increased in
      the irradiated mice. Cytotoxicity of the splenocytes, particularly adherent
      cells, was lower in the irradiated mice than in the nonirradiated mice.
      Histological examinations revealed decreased mononuclear cell infiltration around
      the primary tumor and pulmonary metastatic foci in the irradiated mice. The
      suppressive effect of cytotoxicity of the splenocytes by whole body X-irradiation
      may thus relate to ensuing metastasis both in the phase of release and
      intravasation from the primary tumor and in the phase of lodgement and
      proliferation in the target organ.

PMID- 3885058
TI  - [A case of malaria tropicameningoencephalitis (neuromalaria) with chloroquine and
      pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine resistance].

PMID- 3885059
TI  - [Experiences with memantine in the treatment of severe spastic and extrapyramidal
      movement disorders in combination with stereotaxic surgery].

PMID- 3885060
TI  - Spallation of dialysis materials--problems and perspectives.

PMID- 3885061
TI  - Use of radiographically abnormal kidneys in living-related donor renal
      transplantation.
AB  - A retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the significance of anatomic
      variants in living-related donor kidneys, when used in renal transplantation. 301
      arteriograms were performed in the evaluation of such potential living donors
      over an 8-year period. 51 (16.9%) were found to have one or more radiographic
      abnormalities. 20 of the 51 patients (39%) were judged as not suitable for
      transplantation because of radiographic abnormalities. 7 of 31 patients who were
      accepted as organ donors declined for personal reasons. The remaining 24 patients
      underwent donor nephrectomy with the abnormal kidney utilized as the donor organ.
      In follow-up, none of the kidneys were lost because of their primary radiographic
      abnormality, and allograft survival of abnormal kidneys was the same as for
      normal kidneys transplanted under parallel circumstances. We conclude, in
      properly selected living donors, kidneys with anatomic variants without
      pathological significance can be used safely in renal allotransplantation. We do
      not recommend, however, transplanting kidneys with the potential for the
      development of progressive disease.

PMID- 3885062
TI  - IgG, IgA and IgM rheumatoid factors in patients with glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Rheumatoid factors (RF), autoantibodies to IgG, have been postulated to have some
      pathogenetic role in the development of some types of glomerulonephritis. A
      simple and sensitive solid-phase fluorescence immunoassay was employed to
      determine whether IgG, IgA and IgM RF were detectable in sera from patients with
      various types of glomerulonephritis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and those with
      various streptococcal infections. IgG, IgA and IgM RF were significantly
      increased in the majority of patients with RA, lupus nephritis (SLE), acute
      poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) and various streptococcal
      infections. The titers of IgG and IgA RF were significantly higher in patients
      with APSGN than in those with simple pharyngitis. IgM RF was increated in
      patients with IgA nephropathy (IgA-N) and in those with membranoproliferative
      glomerulonephritis type I (MPGN). No significantly high RF was observed in
      membranous nephropathy (MN) or chronic mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis
      without IgA deposition (PGN). It is suggested that some autologous immune
      mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of some types of
      glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3885063
TI  - Intrinsic stiffening of red blood cells as the fundamental cause of diabetic
      nephropathy and microangiopathy: a new hypothesis.
AB  - It is proposed that stiffened red cells can interfere with normal microvascular
      and glomerular function. In diabetics intrinsic stiffening of red cells is
      intensified during poor metabolic control when plasma osmolarity is increased.
      Hypoxia, acidosis, catecholamines and other changes in red cell environment also
      increase red cell stiffness. Exercise proteinuria may help to identify
      individuals with the greatest intrinsic stiffening of red cells which appears to
      be due to the disposition of spectrin molecules rather than to changes in the
      lipid bilayer. Stiffened red cells may impede blood flow in the microcirculation
      and stimulate an autoregulated vasodilation which increases perfusion pressure,
      enhancing transudation. In the absence of vasodilation, stasis will lead to
      vascular occlusion and localised ischaemic necrosis. If diabetic microangiopathy
      is caused by abnormal haemorheology then the possibility exists that the
      complications of diabetes might be alleviated or prevented by agents which
      enhance red cell flexibility and improve blood rheology.

PMID- 3885064
TI  - Thymic functions in uremic rats: evidence for thymosin alpha 1 deficiency.
AB  - Changes in the circulating lymphocyte populations and thymus glands were studied
      in rats with experimental chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). Compared to normal
      or sham-operated animals, rats with CRI had significant reduction in the
      percentages of circulating T and B lymphocytes. CRI was also associated with
      marked thymic atrophy and reduction in the numbers of small cortical and
      medullary thymic lymphocytes. Quantitative microfluorometry revealed a
      significant reduction in the intrathymic concentration of a potent
      immunomodulator, thymosin alpha 1 in all uremic animals. There was a significant
      positive correlation between the percentages of circulating T lymphocytes and the
      intrathymic concentrations of thymosin alpha 1.

PMID- 3885066
TI  - Modification of a disposable needle for renal biopsy in children and transplant
      recipients.
AB  - While use of a disposable biopsy needle (Tru-Cut) has been shown to result in
      less distortion of glomerular architecture than the reusable Franklin-Vim
      Silverman needle, the long specimen notch (20 mm) makes it less desirable for use
      in small children or renal allograft biopsy. A simple modification of the cannula
      handle permits selection of any desired specimen length. Four percutaneous renal
      biopsies of nephrotics under 4 years of age and an additional four renal
      allograft biopsies were performed using this technique, resulting in adequate
      specimens and no complications. It is concluded that the described modification
      of the Tru-Cut needle may increase the safety of renal biopsy in patients at
      higher risk for hemorrhagic complications.

PMID- 3885065
TI  - Auto-antibody to kidney tubular cells during retrograde chronic pyelonephritis in
      rats.
AB  - Retrograde pyelonephritis was induced in inbred Fischer rat kidneys with Proteus
      mirabilis (1 X 10(8) organisms/ml). Sera from pyelonephritic animals sacrificed
      at 4 and 6 weeks contained cytotoxic antibodies to cultured syngeneic 51Cr
      labeled kidney tubular cells (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.05,
      respectively) which could be absorbed with plasma membranes. Immune sera from 4-
      and 6-week pyelonephritic animals also displayed a granular fluorescent pattern
      along the surface of cultured kidney tubular cells. Quick-frozen syngeneic rat
      kidney sections stained positively with fluorescent antibody on the intraluminal
      side of kidney tubular cells. The results suggest that during chronic phases of
      pyelonephritis, auto-antibodies to kidney tubular cells are induced.

PMID- 3885067
TI  - A reliable method for assessing topographical arrangement of proteins in the
      chromaffin granule membrane.
AB  - An efficient and reliable method for preparing chromaffin granules and membranes
      for topographical analysis has been designed to meet the following criteria. Only
      labeling of truly intact organelles is analyzed for cytoplasmic surface probes.
      No resealing of open membranes occurs under specified reaction conditions.
      Saturation of available sites must be demonstrated. Problems in meeting these
      conditions are discussed, in particular the interference of granule lysate with
      labeling reactions.

PMID- 3885068
TI  - [Transoral anterior approach to foramen magnum meningioma--a case report and
      review].
AB  - A case of an anteriorly located meningioma in the region of the foramen magnum,
      successfully treated by a transoral approach, is reported. A 60-year-old woman
      was admitted to the author's department on January 19th, 1983. Six years before
      admission, she began to experience the gradual cold dysesthesia in the both
      palms, and then developed gait disturbance, clumsiness of the right hand and a
      stiffneck. She was found to have atrophied hands, mild spastic tetraparesis,
      ataxia and hypalgesia under the bilateral C2 spinal levels. A CT scan disclosed a
      patchy hyperdense lesion, which was enhanced homogenously with contrast medium,
      occupying almost all the intradural extramedullary space at the foramen magnum.
      The transoral approach was employed following preliminary tracheostomy. The
      tumor, extending about one centimeter superiorly to the basion and inferiorly to
      the upper border of C2 body, was removed completely, and then the dural defect
      was covered with a piece of fascia and gelform. An anterior occipitocervical
      fusion was performed extending to C2 using a block of an antogenous iliac bone.
      Post-operatively immobilization was secured by a Halo-Vest. But unexpectedly, CSF
      leakage was disclosed several days after the surgery without neurological
      deterioration. On the 17th day following first surgery, a re-operation was
      performed. The dural defect was successfully repaired with a piece of fascia by
      interrupted sutures in an illustrated fashion (Fig. 5). A piece of muscle was
      then placed in the epidural space created by bone removal. A fusion of the
      atlanto-axial joint not extending to the basiocciput was employed.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3885069
TI  - [the cerebellum and epilepsy].

PMID- 3885070
TI  - Decreased enkephalinase activity following postnatal treatment with
      phenobarbital.
AB  - The effect of postnatal administration of phenobarbital on enzymes degrading
      enkephalin was examined. Daily subcutaneous injections (45 mg/kg) of
      phenobarbital were given to male and female rats from postnatal day 1 to 19.
      Brains from rats treated with saline and phenobarbital were used to prepare
      aminopeptidases (high speed supernatant) and enkephalinase A (synaptosomal
      membrane preparation). Incubation of methionine enkephaline (ME) with
      aminopeptidases from rat brain liberated tyrosine (T), while incubating with
      enkephalinase A resulted in the formation of tyrosylglycylglycin (TGG).
      Separation and quantification of tyrosine, tyrosylglycylglycin and methionine
      enkephalin was performed using a high performance liquid chromatograph, coupled
      to electrochemical and ultraviolet detectors in series. The treatment of the rats
      with phenobarbital resulted in a significant inhibition of enkephalinase A when
      measured in vitro, using methionine enkephalin as substrate. Preliminary studies
      with secobarbital show similar results to those obtained with phenobarbital.

PMID- 3885071
TI  - Microsurgical recovery of a migrated balloon from the internal carotid artery of
      a child.
AB  - A child developed a traumatic intrapetrous internal carotid aneurysm after a
      routine myringotomy. The aneurysm was treated by occlusion of the internal
      carotid artery by the detachable balloon technique. Unfortunately, both balloons
      migrated and ischemic sequelae resulted when one of the balloons became lodged in
      the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The balloon was successfully
      retrieved during an emergency microsurgical embolectomy, and the child's
      neurological deficit was reversed. The management of both the intrapetrous
      aneurysm and the balloon migration are discussed.

PMID- 3885073
TI  - Sigmund Freud's meralgia paresthetica.

PMID- 3885072
TI  - Natural history of intracranial vascular malformations: a review.
AB  - It is difficult to assess the natural history of intracranial vascular
      malformations because they are varied in nature, they are frequently silent
      clinically, they are often treated when they are discovered, and untreated
      lesions are not often followed in an organized way. Capillary telangiectasias are
      usually occult lesions of no clinical significance. Cavernous hemangiomas may
      cause seizures and may bleed, but the approximate yearly risks of bleeding and of
      death have not been determined. Venous angiomas seldom cause symptoms, with the
      exception that those in the cerebellum seem to have a propensity to bleed.
      Intracranial dural arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) may bleed and may cause
      brain injury if there is insufficient outflow into a dural venous sinus. The
      dural AVMs that drain into the cavernous sinus have a more benign course than
      those that drain into the transverse or sigmoid sinus. The aneurysm of the vein
      of Galen presents a different clinical picture and threat to health according to
      whether the patient is a neonate, an infant, or an older child. The AVM of the
      brain encountered in the adult usually presents with hemorrhage or seizures. An
      unruptured AVM has approximately a 2 to 3% risk of bleeding per year, with about
      a 1% risk of death per year. The mortality rate of the first hemorrhage is about
      10%. Among the survivors, there is about a 6% chance of rebleeding during the 1st
      year and then approximately a 2 to 3% risk of bleeding per year subsequently. The
      mortality rate associated with a second hemorrhage is about 13%, and for
      subsequent hemorrhages the mortality is roughly 20%.

PMID- 3885074
TI  - [Cimetidine in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in uremia treated
      with hemodialysis].

PMID- 3885075
TI  - Organization and morphological characteristics of choline acetyltransferase
      containing fibers in the visual thalamus and striate cortex of the cat.
AB  - The morphological characteristics and the distribution of cholinergic fibers in
      the cat visual system were studied with immunohistochemical methods employing
      monoclonal antibodies directed against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). ChAT
      positive fibers form dense meshworks within the main laminae of the dorsal
      lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd), the perigeniculate nucleus (PGN) and the
      visual cortex. The fibers are of fine caliber, branch extensively and possess
      numerous varicosities in close contact with cellular elements. The density of
      ChAT + fibers is not uniform and is particularly high in cortical laminae I-III,
      the PGN complex and laminae A and A1 of the LGNd.

PMID- 3885076
TI  - Immunohistochemical identification of gamma-aminobutyric acid-containing neurons
      in the rat basolateral amygdala.
AB  - The peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical technique was used together
      with an antiserum to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to identify GABA-containing
      structures in the rat basolateral amygdala (ABL). Morphological characteristics
      of GABA-positive neurons in ABL indicate that they correspond to class II, and
      perhaps class III, local circuit neurons observed in previous Golgi studies. GABA
      positive punctate structures resembling axon terminals were observed both in the
      neuropil and forming peri-cellular baskets around large unlabeled perikarya in
      ABL. These results suggest that the strong intrinsic inhibition noted in
      electrophysiological studies of ABL is due primarily to synapses of GABAergic
      class II neurons with class I projection neurons.

PMID- 3885077
TI  - Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 in large-cored vesicles of splanchnic nerve
      terminals innervating guinea pig adrenal chromaffin cells.
AB  - Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu)-like immunoreactivity in the
      guinea pig adrenal medulla was investigated by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      method for light microscopy and by the protein A-gold method for electron
      microscopy. Because of a distinct Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu-like immunoreactivity in
      the splanchnic nerve terminals innervating the chromaffin cell, their
      distribution and structure were clearly demonstrated. With electron microscopy,
      specific colloidal gold particles representing Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu were localized
      in large-cored vesicles.

PMID- 3885078
TI  - Cholecystokinin-immunoreactive innervation of the ventromedial hypothalamus in
      the rat: possible substrate for autonomic regulation of feeding.
AB  - Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK) injected into the medial hypothalamus of the
      rat has been reported to suppress feeding. In this species, the superior lateral
      parabrachial subnucleus, which predominantly innervates the ventromedial nucleus
      of the hypothalamus, is composed primarily of CCK-immunoreactive neurons.
      Combined retrograde tracing using fluorescent dyes and immunofluorescence for CCK
      confirms that 80-90% of the neurons in the superior lateral parabrachial nucleus
      which innervate the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus are CCK-positive.
      This pathway may underlie autonomic regulation of feeding behavior.

PMID- 3885080
TI  - Software directory update.

PMID- 3885079
TI  - Adrenergic neurons in human brain demonstrated by immunohistochemistry with
      antibodies to phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT): discovery of a new
      group in the nucleus tractus solitarius.
AB  - Adrenaline neurons in human brain were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry using
      antibody to phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT), the final enzyme in
      the pathway of adrenaline synthesis, using fixed frozen sections and a highly
      sensitive free floating technique which utilizes metallization. Small densely
      packed PNMT-immunoreactive neurons were observed to form a nucleus lying just
      ventrolateral to the area postrema and in the dorsal part of the nucleus tractus
      solitarius. Larger adrenergic neurons were also present in and around the lateral
      reticular nucleus and in relationship with the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
      in regions equivalent to the C1 and C2 groups in rats. Longitudinally oriented
      PNMT-positive axons constitute a subset of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive
      axons in the dorsomedial reticular formation.

PMID- 3885081
TI  - Pulmonary fat accumulation after parenteral fat emulsion--real or artifactual?

PMID- 3885082
TI  - Rapid movement of lipoprotein lipase among substrate globules.

PMID- 3885083
TI  - Characteristics of dicarboxylic amino acid transport by rabbit intestinal brush
      border membrane vesicles.

PMID- 3885084
TI  - Tripotassium dicitrato-bismuthate tablets v liquid in the treatment of duodenal
      ulcers.
AB  - Thirty-five patients with duodenal ulcers were treated with tripotassium
      dicitrato-bismuthate (TDB) in a double-blind, double-dummy endoscopically
      controlled trial. Healing rates were comparable in patients treated with either
      tablet or liquid, 74% and 72% at four weeks and 89% in both groups at eight
      weeks. It is concluded that the tablet formulation of TDB is as effective as the
      liquid in the treatment of acute duodenal ulceration.

PMID- 3885086
TI  - HMOs and Medicare.

PMID- 3885087
TI  - Orthodontic assistance in the restoration of adult dentitions--the deep overbite.

PMID- 3885085
TI  - Treatment of duodenal ulcers using pirenzepine and cimetidine: controlled trial.

PMID- 3885088
TI  - Percy T. Phillips. His legacy to dentistry.

PMID- 3885089
TI  - Hypnosis and dentistry.

PMID- 3885090
TI  - Intrauterine growth retardation.

PMID- 3885091
TI  - Fetal lung maturity and phospholipids.

PMID- 3885092
TI  - Fetal and neonatal effects of epidural anesthesia.

PMID- 3885093
TI  - Immunologic factors influencing pregnancy.

PMID- 3885094
TI  - Recurrent stress urinary incontinence.

PMID- 3885095
TI  - Infertility surgery with the laser beam.
AB  - The results of the use of CO2 laser in infertility surgery are encouraging. The
      unique properties of CO2 laser--precision of application, minimal bleeding, rapid
      healing, and minimal scarring--are beneficial for infertility surgery. It remains
      to be seen, however, whether the pregnancy rate in "laser patients" is superior
      to that in "conventional surgical patients." A well-controlled, randomized study
      and a long-term follow-up period are required to clarify this matter. A good
      understanding of the basic concepts of laser physics and a familiarity with the
      laser instruments are mandatory for the laser surgeon. A well-informed operating
      room staff will certainly be helpful in conducting effective and safe laser
      surgery. For example, all flammable and explosive material must be removed from
      the laser area, and protective coverings for the eyes must be worn by all
      personnel. Simplification, reduction in the bulk of the present instruments, and
      the development of a flexible CO2 laser transmission fiber that can be utilized
      through an endoscope will be beneficial.

PMID- 3885096
TI  - Basic research in endometriosis.

PMID- 3885097
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemic syndromes.

PMID- 3885099
TI  - Placental pathology: a contemporary approach.

PMID- 3885098
TI  - Abnormal placentation.
AB  - It is only relatively recently that attention has been directed to studies of the
      uterine side of the placenta to look for possible defects that might explain
      otherwise inexplicable pregnancy complications. Preeclampsia and intrauterine
      fetal growth retardation are two such disorders, in which new information has
      come to light by the study of placental bed biopsies and occasional cesarean
      hysterectomy specimens. It will be less easy to apply these techniques to such
      problems as spontaneous abortion and antepartum hemorrhage, but reemphasizing
      what should be the self-evident importance of the establishment and development
      of the uteroplacental blood supply might help reorient thinking about these and
      other important complications of pregnancy. Fresh thoughts are required too about
      the etiology and natural history of ectopic pregnancy, not so much for its own
      sake but more because of what it tells us about nidation and placentation in
      general. It is now difficult to insist on stringent criteria for the endometrium
      in human gestation, with all that this implies for the woman under investigation
      for infertility, when in some circumstances these criteria are flouted in what
      should be an alien mucosa. Much more needs to be known about the promotion and
      control exercised over trophoblastic differentiation and migration and
      interaction with uterine tissues. The uterus certainly can no longer be
      considered an immunologically privileged site even were that privilege extended
      to the fallopian tube and, indeed, to the adnexa generally. The constraining
      influence of decidua, if indeed it has such a property, requires elucidation; it
      cannot be fortuitous that only in species with hemochorial placentation,
      characterized by migratory nonvillous trophoblast, is a true stromal decidua
      formed. This surely indicates that decidua has a major role to play in
      negotiating "the treaty of compromise" ultimately signed between fetal and
      maternal tissues and if such a treaty is not signed, or is broken, defective
      placentation and its consequences must follow.

PMID- 3885100
TI  - Obstetric vacuum extraction.

PMID- 3885101
TI  - Fetal femur length, neonatal crown-heel length, and screening for intrauterine
      growth retardation.
AB  - Early ultrasonic diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) can be very
      beneficial. However, most methods of ultrasonic diagnosis require an accurate
      knowledge of gestational age. The current study was designed to prospectively
      evaluate the relationship between fetal femur length and neonatal crown-heel
      length, and to study the femur length/abdominal circumference ratio as a method
      of screening for IUGR. Three hundred twenty-six infants who had undergone real
      time ultrasound examination within 72 hours before birth were used for the study.
      Fetal femur length was compared with neonatal crown-heel length, although the
      most accurate relationship was geometric (r2 = .7474), and a strong linear
      relationship was also observed: y(crown-heel length) = 11.887 + 5.158 X (femur
      length), (r2 = .7067; SD = 3.34 cm). Mean femur length/abdominal circumference
      ratios were significantly different for average-for-gestational-age (22.33 +/-
      1.86%), small-for-gestational-age (23.34 +/- 1.89%), and large-for-gestational
      age (20.99 +/- 1.32%) infants, but did not reveal a discriminatory value for the
      diagnosis of IUGR as positive as that reported by Hadlock et al. The femur
      length/abdominal circumference ratio should be evaluated further as a screening
      tool in the diagnosis of IUGR.

PMID- 3885102
TI  - Ultrasound signs in threatened abortion and their prognostic significance.
AB  - During the first and early second trimesters of pregnancy in 244 consecutive
      patients with uterine bleeding, ultrasound studies were conducted to determine
      the cause of bleeding. In 165 of the patients the fetus was alive, and the
      outcome of pregnancy was successful in 143 (87%) despite the fact that ultrasound
      scanning revealed a total of 60 abnormalities. In the 22 patients whose pregnancy
      outcome was unfavorable, the number of abnormalities was significantly higher (P
      less than .05). The most common ultrasound abnormalities were placenta covering
      the internal os, fetal growth delay, multiple gestation, and intrauterine
      hematoma. At ultrasound examination, the presence of one or more abnormalities
      plus bleeding for three days or more significantly increased the risk to the
      pregnancy. When the duration of bleeding was less than three days and the
      ultrasound examination was normal, the risk to the pregnancy was lower (7%) than
      that of patients who had bled for three days or more and had at least one
      abnormality on ultrasound examination (24%) (P less than .05).

PMID- 3885103
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis from the cervix.
AB  - An enzyme immunoassay for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antigens was
      compared with isolation of the organism in cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells
      using duplicate cervical swab specimens from 514 women. Chlamydia trachomatis was
      isolated after subculturing from 45 of 514 (8.8%) specimens, while the enzyme
      immunoassay, Chlamydiazyme detected chlamydial antigens in 37 of 45 (82.2%) of
      those women. Chlamydiazyme was as sensitive as primary isolation for detecting
      total infections. The specificity of Chlamydiazyme was 98.1%. The predictive
      values of a positive and negative Chlamydiazyme test compared with isolation
      after subculturing was 80.4 and 98.3%, respectively. Overall, 497 of 514 (96.7%)
      samples were identified correctly by Chlamydiazyme. Thus, Chlamydiazyme is a
      simple and rapid test that eliminates many of the problems encountered by
      isolation procedures.

PMID- 3885104
TI  - Negative sonographic findings followed by rapid cervical dilatation due to
      cervical incompetence.

PMID- 3885105
TI  - Routine ultrasound screening for the prediction of gestational age.
AB  - In a technician-oriented routine ultrasound program, the value of screening an
      entire obstetric population for predicting gestational age based on a single
      measurement was evaluated over selective scans performed on the basis of
      uncertain menstrual history. Consecutive pregnancies of 4527 women were scanned,
      and the results were analyzed. Gestational ages were determined by both menstrual
      history and ultrasonic crown-rump length or biparietal diameter (BPD)
      measurements. The estimated date of confinement based on ultrasound measurements
      was compared with menstrual history in its ability to predict the actual onset of
      spontaneous labor. Of patients with optimal menstrual history, 84.7% delivered
      within +/- two weeks of the date predicted. Only 69.7% delivered within +/- two
      weeks of the estimate date of confinement based on suspect menstrual history.
      Crown-rump length measurements were as predictive (84.6%) as optimal menstrual
      history. Biparietal diameter measurements done between 12 and 18 weeks' gestation
      were significantly more accurate in gestational predictions (89.4%) than those
      based on menstrual history (P less than .001). It is concluded that ultrasound
      cephalometry before 18 weeks is the single best dating parameter.

PMID- 3885106
TI  - Treatment of premature labor in insulin-dependent diabetic women.
AB  - This retrospective study was designed to analyze the safety and efficacy of beta
      sympathomimetic agents used to treat premature labor in insulin-dependent
      diabetic women. The study evaluated 12 insulin-dependent diabetic women who
      experienced 15 pregnancies complicated by premature labor. A group of 30 insulin
      dependent diabetic women who delivered at term served as matched controls.
      Treatment consisted of parenteral and oral administration of beta-sympathomimetic
      drugs (ritodrine and isoxsuprine). Premature labor was diagnosed, and tocolytic
      treatment was initiated at a mean gestational age of 31.5 +/- 0.9 weeks. The mean
      gestational age at the time of delivery was 35.8 +/- 0.5 weeks. Delivery was
      delayed in the study group by a mean of 30.5 +/- 6.6 days. No fetal or infant
      deaths occurred in the study group, and there was no difference between the two
      groups in the incidence of neonatal morbidity. No maternal complications
      occurred. There were no significant differences in hemoglobin A1 levels between
      the two groups at any period of gestation. Thus, beta-sympathomimetic drugs may
      be used safely to treat premature labor in patients with insulin-dependent
      diabetes, provided they are administered under strictly controlled clinical
      settings.

PMID- 3885107
TI  - Single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis in high-risk patients undergoing cesarean
      section.
AB  - A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed to determine
      the effectiveness of single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis in decreasing infectious
      complications after primary cesarean section. One hundred women at high risk for
      postoperative infectious morbidity were randomly assigned to receive either
      placebo or one 2-g dose of ceftizoxime at cord clamping. The incidence of
      endometritis in the antibiotic group was 6.0 versus 24.5% in the placebo group (P
      less than .05). The incidence of febrile morbidity in the group receiving one
      dose of ceftizoxime was 14.0 versus 32.7% in the placebo group (P less than .05).
      Single-dose ceftizoxime prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of
      endometritis and febrile morbidity in high-risk patients undergoing cesarean
      section.

PMID- 3885108
TI  - Reduction in amniocentesis risks using a real-time needle guide procedure.
AB  - Rates of complications associated with a second trimester genetic amniocentesis
      were studied in 918 patients, and complete infant follow-up was obtained. In 903
      singleton pregnancies and 15 twin gestations, the procedure was performed under
      continuous sector scanning guidance through an attached needle guide. Eight fetal
      deaths in the 903 cases occurred at less than 28 weeks after amniocentesis
      (0.89%), none within two weeks after the procedure. Only one fluid was visibly
      blood contaminated. Comparisons are made with other series from the literature.

PMID- 3885109
TI  - London's burning: Ramazzini's view.

PMID- 3885110
TI  - Functional hypoglycemia: implications for occupational health nurses.

PMID- 3885111
TI  - Historical perspectives of nursing's professionalism.

PMID- 3885112
TI  - Health risks of smoking increased by exposure to workplace chemicals.

PMID- 3885113
TI  - [Preparation of an obturator prosthesis with Mollomed prosthetic material].

PMID- 3885114
TI  - Transplants, implants and other extreme measures.

PMID- 3885115
TI  - [High-dose cytarabine treatment: a promising therapy modality in acute resistant
      myeloid leukemias in recurrence].
AB  - High dose Cytarabin in relapsed and refractory acute leukaemia. High dose
      cytarabin can be very effective for the treatment of acute leukaemia resistent to
      conventional cytarabin doses. Therefore 10 patients (6 males, 4 females) with
      ages ranging from 18 to 58 years (median: 34 years) refractory to conventional
      induction therapy were treated with 1 hour infusions of high dose cytarabin (3
      g/m2 q 12 h for 6 days) 2 patients got additional 20 mg/m2 doxorubicin on days 7
      to 9. According to this treatment, in 5 of the 10 patients complete remissions
      could be achieved. Without further treatment 3 patients relapsed after 4, 7 and
      15 months leading to death in 2 or 3 months. 19 months after treatment 1 patient
      is in complete remission, though demonstrating meningosis leukaemica 5 months
      after high dose cytarabin. Another patient relapsed 14 months after high dose
      cytarabin, reaching another complete remission after treatment according to a
      ALL/AUL protocol [7]. 2 patients died in bone marrow aplasia and 2 patients did
      not show any response, dying 11 months after high dose cytarabin application. All
      patients demonstrated vomiting, nausea, diarrhea and allopecia. Bone marrow was
      profoundly depressed in all patients with severe granulocytopenia and
      thrombocytopenia for periods from 7 to 34 days. 3 to 5 days after the end of high
      dose cytarabin therapy 3 patients developed acute ceratitis and 2 patients
      conjunctivitis. 3 patients showed erythrodermia of their skin with epidermolysis
      in 2 of these patients.

PMID- 3885116
TI  - [Non-hematologic toxicity in high-dose cytarabine therapy].
AB  - The hence reported non-haematologic toxicity in high-dose cytarabin mainly
      concerned CNS (cerebellar dysfunction), eyes (keratitis and conjunctivitis), skin
      (erythema), and gastrointestinal tract (vomiting, diarrhea). It partly depends on
      dosage and partly on duration of treatment. A dose of 48 g/sq m within one cycle
      apparently represents a critical upper limit as hence especially the risk of
      irreversible brain damage increases. Considering the fact that the indication for
      high-dose cytarabin is given mainly for poor prognostic failures and relapses in
      acute leukemias toxicity seems to be acceptable.

PMID- 3885117
TI  - [High-dose cytarabine treatment in acute leukemias and leukemic meningiosis:
      clinical aspects and pharmacokinetics].
AB  - Clinical reports concerning the therapeutic effects of high dose Cytosine
      arabinoside (HD Ara-C) in meningeal leukemia are relatively rare. Pharmacokinetic
      studies, however, have indicated potentially effective concentrations of Ara-C in
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during and after high-dose infusions of the drug given
      intravenously. In this report, the treatment results of HD Ara-C in 14 patients
      with refractory or relapsed acute leukemia are presented including those of 2
      patients with meningeal leukemia. In these 2 patients as well as in 1 patient
      without central nervous system (CNS) leukemia, Ara-C and Ara-U concentrations in
      CSF and plasma were measured during a 6-day therapy with HD Ara-C (3 g/m2 q 12h
      12 X). Ara-C and Ara-U levels were determined on Days 3 and 6 of therapy, each at
      the end of a 3-h i.v. infusion of the drug. In the 14 patients (8 with AML, 6
      with ALL) treated, a total number of 17 treatment cycles were given for remission
      induction with doses of Ara-C ranging from 1-3 g/m2 q 12 h 6-12 X. A complete
      remission rate of 47% was achieved. The duration of remission ranged from 1 to 6
      months. Of the 2 patients with CNS leukemia, 1 patient achieved complete
      remission both in CSF and in bone marrow, the other patient only in CSF. The mean
      concentration of Ara-C in CSF was 903 ng/ml with a ratio of 0.38 to that in
      plasma. Ara-C and Ara-U did not appear to accumulate in CSF or in
      plasma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3885118
TI  - [Experiences with HD-Ara C treatment in leukemia patients].
AB  - Experience with HD-Ara C in combination with AMSA was gained in 13 patients
      suffering from ANLL in various stages of their disease. They are incorporated in
      3 large co-operative, mulicenter studies of the E.O.R.T.C. dealing with cyclic
      alternating "maintenance", relapse patients and refractory ANLL.

PMID- 3885119
TI  - [High-dose cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of recurrent or acute refractory
      myeloid leukemias].
AB  - 10 adult patients (age 27-62 years) with refractory or relapsed acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia were treated with high dose cytosine arabinoside (HDAraC:
      3 g/m2 q 12 h by IV infusion, d 1-6) either alone (7 patients) or with additional
      treatment, consisting of bone marrow transplantation (1 patient), m-AMSA (1pt.)
      and VP16 (1 patient). All patients had received conventional dose AraC (CDAraC);
      8 patients were resistant to CDAraC, having failed 1 or more courses of CDAraC
      just before treatment with HDAraC. Recovery of granulocyte count (0,5 X 10(9)L)
      occurred at a median of 26 d (23-27 d) after initial therapy, and recovery of
      platelet counts (50 X 10(9)/L) at a median of 24 d (22-27 d). 6 patients became
      severely septic, 3 of them requiring granulocyte transfusions. Consequently,
      sophisticated blood banking facilities and supportive care are required. The non
      myeloid toxicities associated with HDAraC were not severe. Vomiting (9/10),
      erythematous skin rash (4/10), conjunctivitis and photophobia (2/10) were found
      most commonly. CNS-toxicity, pulmonary toxicity or drug fever were not observed.
      4 patients achieved a complete remission and 1 a partial remission. 2 patients
      failed to respond and 3 patients died during the period of pancytopenia. Thus,
      HDAraC is effective treatment for refractory or relapsed ANLL, even in cases of
      apparent resistance to CDAraC.

PMID- 3885120
TI  - [Principles of high-dose cytarabinoside treatment].
AB  - Ara-C can be regarded as an analogue of cytidine and of deoxycytidine. It is
      activated by a kinase system leading to Ara-CTP and inactivated by deaminases
      mainly to Ara-U. Resistance to Ara-C can develop by at least four mechanisms:
      decreased activation, increased inactivation, decreased half-life of
      intracellular Ara-CTP and decreased cellular incorporation. Following short-therm
      high-dose infusions, therapeutically significant concentrations in blood and
      cerebrospinal fluid can be achieved for 6-12 hrs. The concept of high dose Ara-C
      is thus based on solid biochemical and pharmacological data; its application in
      refractory leukemias and lymphomas and in leukemic meningeosis is, however,
      restricted by significant toxicity and by the reduced normal stem cell potential
      in these patients.

PMID- 3885121
TI  - [Therapeutic experiences with high-dose ARA-C and L-ASP].
AB  - Five patients, 4 with ALL, 1 with AML received 8 cycles of HD-ARA-C (Capizzi
      protocol). One complete remission was achieved, 2 patients died shortly after
      cycle 1 and could not be evaluated. Two patients responded partially. Toxicity
      was considerable.

PMID- 3885122
TI  - [Results of therapy with high-dose cytosine arabinoside].
AB  - Four patients with acute leukemias resistant to various ARA-C containing regimens
      and one patient with rapidly progressive malignant nonseminomatous tumor of the
      testis, who failed to conventional therapy were treated with HD ARA-C from
      december 1979 to september 1980. The drug was monitored by HPLC in plasma and in
      CSF. The first patient received only one course of HD ARA-C, developed fever and
      died of septicemia ten days later. The leucocyte count of her AML (FAB 2)
      decreased from 120,000/microliter to 30,000/microliter on the third day after HD
      ARA-C. Patient 2 reached CR criteria of the bone marrow for 23 days, then
      resistant AML (FAB 2) recurred. A male patient of 30 years was treated for
      recurrent acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) with a high cumulative dose of
      176 gs of ARA-C. The repeated courses of treatment included a period of 50 days
      of CR. Toxicity was remarkable including pulmonal and cerebral dysfunction. A
      fourth patient with monocytic leukemia did not respond to HD ARA-C, neither did
      the patient with the malignant teratoma. Adverse reactions were tolerable. Only
      the third patient suffered from severe toxicity, pneumonitis, blurring vision,
      cerebral dysfunction and dermatitis. His pretreatment regimen had included X-ray
      prophylaxis to the skull. Since there was no possibility to prolong the remission
      duration in 1980, we decided not to treat further patients with HD ARA-C.
      Nowadays bone marrow transplantation offers some patients a capability of
      eradication of the leukemic disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3885123
TI  - [High-dose cytarabine treatment with asparaginase (Capizzi schedule) in recurrent
      or refractory AML in the adult].
AB  - 4 patients with refractory AML or AML in relapse were treated with high dose Ara
      C and L-asparaginase. Although only one patient was resistant against this type
      of treatment, a durable complete remission could be achieved in only one case.
      Severe myelosuppression was observed in all 4 cases; non-hematologic toxicity,
      however, was minimal.

PMID- 3885124
TI  - [High-dose cytosine arabinoside].

PMID- 3885125
TI  - [Results of high-dose cytarabine therapy. A review].
AB  - Of the many high-dose Ara-C regimens that have been proposed, the one published
      by Herzig [24] has been applied most widely. Every 12 h patients receive 3 g/m2
      Ara-C for 75-90 minutes for a total of 12 doses. Using that regimen, 25% of
      patients with refractory acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and 60% of patients in
      untreated relapse achieve a complete remission (CR). With few exceptions,
      complete remissions are obtained after one cycle, median remission duration is
      between 4 and 6 months. Consolidation or maintenance therapy was not usually
      given. Currently, numerous modifications of that regimen are under investigation:
      combinations with other cytostatic agents like anthracyclins, m-AMSA,
      vincristine; the Capizzi-regimen and intermediate dose Ara-C. Preliminary results
      of those trials are promising but need to be confirmed by other groups. This
      survey does not comment on Ara-C toxicity and on Ara-C treatment of CNS leukemia,
      which are both reviewed in two further articles of this issue.

PMID- 3885126
TI  - Change in vitreous collagen after penetrating injury.
AB  - Following controlled ocular penetrating injuries in rabbits, autologous blood was
      injected into the vitreous. All animals were examined with ultrasonography,
      ophthalmoscopy and photography. After 3 weeks the animals were sacrificed and
      serial histologic sections were made on the enucleated globes. Fibroblasts and
      collagen were found in the vitreous. In additional eyes, the altered vitreous was
      removed and examined by gel electrophoresis following limited pepsin digestion.
      Type I collagen was an important component of vitreous fibrosis. In contrast,
      only type II collagen was detected in normal vitreous. The collagen formation
      after hemorrhagic injury may follow a similar process of wound healing in other
      tissues.

PMID- 3885127
TI  - Posterior capsule opacification: experimental analyses.
AB  - The lenses of New Zealand White and Flemish Giant rabbits were removed using five
      techniques representative of the different clinical approaches to extracapsular
      cataract extraction currently employed. Posterior capsule opacification developed
      in all experimental animals within 6 weeks of the operation. None of the
      techniques reduced the incidence of the capsular opacification. Histological
      analyses including immunofluorescent and tritiated thymidine labelling were used
      to determine the nature of the cellular constitutents of the secondary membrane.
      The evidence indicates that the opacity is due not only to lens cells remaining
      after the operation but also consists of cells of nonlenticular origin. The data
      strongly implicate the anterior uvea as the source of those cells. Furthermore,
      the findings suggest that posterior capsule opacification is the product of a
      migration and a proliferation of both cell populations.

PMID- 3885128
TI  - Results of the prospective evaluation of radial keratotomy (PERK) study one year
      after surgery.
AB  - The Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) study is a nine-center,
      self-controlled clinical trial of a standardized technique of radial keratotomy
      in 435 patients who had physiologic myopia with a preoperative refraction between
      -2.00 and -8.00 diopters. The surgical technique consisted of eight incisions
      using a diamond micrometer knife with blade length determined by intraoperative
      ultrasonic pachymetry and the diameter of central clear zone determined by
      preoperative refraction. At one year after surgery, myopia was reduced in all
      eyes; 60% were within +/- 1.00 diopter of emmetropia; 30% were undercorrected and
      10% were overcorrected by more than 1.00 diopter (range of refraction, -4.25 to
      +3.38 D). Uncorrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 78% of eyes. The
      operation was most effective in eyes with a refraction between -2.00 and -4.25
      diopters. Thirteen percent of patients lost one or two Snellen lines of best
      corrected visual acuity. However, all but three eyes could be corrected to 20/20.
      Ten percent of patients increased astigmatism more than 1.00 diopter. Disabling
      glare was not detected with a clinical glare tester, but three patients reduced
      their driving at night because of glare. Between six months and one year, the
      refraction changed by greater than 0.50 diopters in 19% of eyes.

PMID- 3885129
TI  - Immunology of corneal allograft rejection. Associated human leucocyte
      populations.
AB  - Human serum samples and peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes (PBML) were
      collected from ten corneal transplant recipients over a two-year period at
      intervals before and after surgery, and during and after episodes of immunologic
      (rejection) reaction. Serum was monitored for the development of antibodies to
      histocompatibility antigens and PBML were stained with a panel of monoclonal
      reagents specific for T cell and for monocyte populations using indirect
      immunofluorescence. Patients who demonstrated an elevation in the Leu 2a+
      (suppressor/cytotoxic) T cell population following an immunologic reaction
      ultimately accepted their grafts, whereas patients whose Leu 2a+ population was
      unaffected developed irreversible graft clouding. Additionally, a direct positive
      correlation between the development of elevated levels of lymphocytotoxic
      antibodies and helper T cells was noted in some patients during immunologic
      reactions. Neither DR-positive nor monocyte population changes demonstrated any
      consistent correlation with rejection episodes or final graft outcome.

PMID- 3885130
TI  - Two dental x-ray films compared for rater preference using endodontic views.
AB  - Four groups of patients were selected during various phases of endodontic therapy
      to receive two comparable radiographic exposures. One exposure was made with
      Kodak Ultraspeed dental x-ray film and the second exposure was made with Kodak
      Ektaspeed dental x-ray film. The films were coded and mounted in a side-by-side
      format to be judged by thirty raters. A double-blind clinical protocol was
      followed. Ultraspeed film was judged superior to Ektaspeed film in terms of
      contrast, image quality and rater satisfaction.

PMID- 3885131
TI  - An introduction to ultrasonography in oral surgery.
AB  - The examination of postsurgical facial swelling is restricted largely to clinical
      techniques of evaluation, such as palpation. In experienced hands, such
      evaluation provides an understanding of the gross changes occurring as a result
      of oral surgery. However, a more detailed anatomic assessment was considered
      beneficial. High-resolution gray-scale ultrasonography was therefore employed in
      the examination of facial tissues before and after the standard surgical approach
      to removal of impacted third molar teeth. This study revealed that information
      concerning the site and dimensions of postsurgical edema and hematoma was readily
      obtainable with the techniques used.

PMID- 3885132
TI  - Narrowing of the dental pulp chamber in patients with renal diseases.
AB  - Narrowing of the dental pulp chamber was studied radiologically in fifty one
      patients with renal diseases. Two thirds of the patients were suffering from
      terminal uremia and were treated either by renal transplantation or with
      hemodialysis. The remaining patients were nonuremic and were treated with
      immunosuppressants because of progressive renal disease. There were significantly
      more patients with narrowing of the dental pulp chamber among the transplant
      patients than among the other patients. The transplantations included the use of
      higher doses of corticosteroids than the other treatments. As the median dose of
      corticosteroids was higher and total plasma steroid clearance was lower in the
      patients with narrowing of the dental pulp chamber than in the other patients,
      the amount of this drug received and its pharmacokinetics seemed to be an
      essential factor in the initiation of narrowing of the dental pulp chamber.

PMID- 3885133
TI  - Tooth eruption and migration theories: can they account for the presence of a
      13,000-year-old mesiodens in the vault of the palate?
AB  - A case of a mesiodens in the vault of the palate of a skull estimated to be
      approximately 13,000 years old is presented. The currently cited theories of
      tooth eruption were considered, and it was concluded that only the newly
      formulated BVT (blood vessel thrust) theory of tooth eruption can account for the
      migration of this mesiodens into that position.

PMID- 3885134
TI  - Modified topical steroid therapy for the treatment of oral mucous membrane
      pemphigoid.
AB  - A modified approach to the treatment of two patients with oral mucous membrane
      pemphigoid, using an adaptation of a custom fluoride carrier, is described. The
      method provided for occlusive topical steroid therapy, overcoming many of the
      obstacles to such treatment for oral lesions. Response was excellent, with no
      adverse local or systemic effects. Further clinical trials to determine the
      applicability of this form of therapy in the treatment of patients with a number
      of infectious, ulcerative, and vesiculobullous oral diseases appear warranted.

PMID- 3885135
TI  - [Surgical management of habitual abortion caused by uterus bicornis
      (metroplasty)].

PMID- 3885136
TI  - [Current state of anatomical terminology].

PMID- 3885137
TI  - [Use of the recombination gene technic (gene splicing) in clinical medicine].

PMID- 3885138
TI  - [Activities of Ferenc Hutyra (1860-1934) and their importance for public health].

PMID- 3885139
TI  - [Japanese medicine of the past].

PMID- 3885140
TI  - [Possibilities of environment-oriented service management for patients].

PMID- 3885141
TI  - Acute spinal cord injury patients--who cares?
AB  - Pertinent aspects of the remarkable advances instituted and developed for the
      management of patients who have sustained serious spinal injuries are discussed
      in this communication, and the responsibilities of medical doctors and others who
      care for such patients is taken up in relation to some of the recent advances in
      our knowledge, both experimental, and clinical. There are new challenges in
      investigations and therapy to be considered, some of which are being somewhat
      precipitiously put into practice. In particular, early spinal operations, where
      certain closed or open reduction procedures are followed by some of the newer
      forms of vertebral column fixation, may cause complications. Also the apparent
      benefits from such techniques may not be achieved and a plea is made for careful
      well documented accounts to be assembled and where possible set out, using modern
      statistical methods, to be made by doctors treating such patients. The
      significance of a full understanding of the importance of modern rehabilitation
      techniques for spinal cord injury patients is stressed; and finally, the
      practical realisation of insurance claims and of possible medical litigation is
      mentioned.

PMID- 3885142
TI  - [Changes in the sonoluminescence level of arterial and venous blood plasma in
      experimental myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3885143
TI  - [Impaired insulin-receptor interactions with the lymphocytes in rats after burn
      injury].

PMID- 3885144
TI  - [Experimental study of pathophysiological and metabolic disorders during
      neurorrhaphy and neuroplasty].

PMID- 3885145
TI  - [Model of acute appendicitis reproduced by using the Shwartzman phenomenon].

PMID- 3885146
TI  - [Role of the adrenals in the pathogenesis of endotoxin shock].

PMID- 3885147
TI  - I. P. Pavlov and W. B. Cannon: founders of modern physiological thought relative
      to behavior and the autonomic nervous system.
AB  - It was almost a half century ago that I last attended an International Congress
      in Moscow and Leningrad--the IUPS Congress of 1935. My wife and I traveled far
      and saw the majesty of this land and its peoples. Here I met the great Pavlov and
      heard him present his thoughts concerning the conditioning of behavior. Cannon
      presented his concepts of transmitters and receptors. There were many other
      famous physiologists present, A. V. Hill and Lord Adrian; Kato of Japan
      demonstrated single nerve fiber studies. Someone talked of conditioned diuresis;
      I read a paper on hypothalamic control of the hypophysis. That was the dawn of
      neuroendocrinology, studies of hypothalamic function, sensory receptors, and the
      transmitter-receptor era. It was, like now, a time of great scientific endeavor,
      but there were clouds in the sky--Stalin and Hitler were coming to power, but the
      U.S.S.R. and America were friends, and in science it is still so. I wonder what
      some young man here will be able to report 50 years from now.

PMID- 3885148
TI  - On facts and ideologies in the Pavlovian saga.

PMID- 3885149
TI  - Serum neutral alpha-D-glucosidase from patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic
      pulmonary disease.
AB  - Previous studies have indicated that alpha-D-glucosidase activity is increased
      and exhibits abnormal properties in tissues from patients with cystic fibrosis
      (CF). In the present investigation serum alpha-D-glucosidase from patients with
      CF and from patients with chronic pulmonary disease (e.g. asthma and
      bronchiectasis) has been studied to determine the specificity of the alpha-D
      glucosidase alteration(s) in CF sera. Both groups of patients have elevated alpha
      D-glucosidase activity levels and similarly abnormal isoelectric focusing
      profiles with significantly less activity associated with acidic enzymatic forms
      (i.e. having isoelectric points below 4.8). These results suggest that the
      abnormalities of CF serum alpha-D-glucosidase may be secondary to chronic
      pulmonary disease and emphasize the importance of including appropriate
      pathological controls in biochemical studies on CF.

PMID- 3885150
TI  - Fetal lung development in the diabetic pregnancy.
AB  - It seems quite likely that the normal process of fetal lung biochemical
      maturation is delayed by maternal diabetes and that abnormalities in the
      pulmonary surfactant system are involved. The appearance of PG in amniotic fluid
      and possibly in fetal lung is impaired or at least delayed. The same is possibly
      true for DSPC, the main constituent of surfactant, but recent discrepant data
      call for further clarification of this specific point. Careful determination of
      the fetal lung phospholipid profile by amniotic fluid analysis helps predict and
      prevent RDS in IDM, along with a careful control of the maternal diabetic
      condition. A study of alveolar surfactant at birth, if it could be performed in
      addition to amniotic fluid analysis, would help to better characterize surfactant
      deficiency in IDM. On the basis of both in vivo and in vitro experimental
      approaches, it seems clear that hyperglycemia and fetal reactional
      hyperinsulinism are both involved in the processes delaying fetal lung
      maturation. Further advances in the understanding of cellular and molecular
      mechanisms leading to this delay will be conditional on the availability of
      animal models reproducing the features of the metabolic and hormonal environment
      of human fetuses in diabetic pregnancies. The appropriateness of in vivo models
      needs to be defined by two kinds of criteria: 1) presence of simultaneous
      hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in the fetus; 2) the presence of delayed fetal
      lung maturation as judged by morphology and morphometry of epithelial lung cells,
      by physiological assessment of surfactant, and by the phospholipid composition of
      the lung (and including lung tissue per se, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,
      lamellar bodies, and/or isolated surfactant fractions). Therefore, future studies
      must necessarily be comprehensive in scope and include information indicating
      that fetal growth, blood glucose, and circulating insulin are all increased. Such
      models already exist in rats and rabbits. Rat models are possibly not the best
      because of the high basal level of fetal blood insulin in this species and the
      relatively rapid rate of lung maturation that is not analogous to the human.
      Monkey models are of interest, because of their close relationship with the human
      pregnancy, and need to be studied further. They are particularly attractive also
      because primary fetal hyperinsulinism can be studied (268), as well as the
      combination of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in pregnancies of STZ-treated
      monkeys (152). An appropriate model of the diabetic pregnancy could provide
      answers to the following questions. Are the biosynthetic pathways of surfactant
      phospholipids directly impaired?(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3885151
TI  - Newborn sepsis following antepartum group B streptococcal maternal infection in
      rats.
AB  - Group B streptococcus is an important pathogen in man and infection due to this
      bacteria is responsible for significant mortality and morbidity in neonates. An
      animal model of neonatal infection caused by group B streptococcus that results
      from vertical transmission is described. Nine pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats
      received intraperitoneal inoculation of 10(9)-10(10) colony forming units of
      group B streptococcus on day 20 or 21 of gestation. Four of nine rats died
      following inoculation. A total of 51 pups was born to the surviving five mothers.
      Pups were sacrificed at 4- to 8-h intervals and cultures of blood, brain, liver,
      and spleen were obtained. Nineteen of 51 pups (37%) had group B streptococcus
      isolated from blood or tissues within the first 48 h of life. Results suggest
      that antepartum systemic infection in rats can result in vertical transmission of
      disease. This animal model can be used to further study the mechanisms of
      transmission of group B streptococcus and the pathogenesis and treatment of
      neonatal sepsis caused by this pathogen.

PMID- 3885152
TI  - Relationship of prolonged pharmacologic serum levels of vitamin E to incidence of
      sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in infants with birth weight 1,500 grams or
      less.
AB  - The incidence of culture-proven neonatal sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis
      (NEC) in preterm infants maintained at pharmacologic (mean 5.1 mg/dL +/- 1.45 SD)
      serum vitamin E levels for long periods was prospectively studied as part of a
      double-masked clinical trial of the effect of prophylactic vitamin E v placebo
      treatment on the development and course of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
      Within a few days of birth, 914 preterm infants were enrolled in the study; 545
      (275 placebo-treated infants, 270 vitamin E-treated infants had birth weight of
      1,500 g or less. A significant difference in incidence of neonatal sepsis (17
      placebo-treated infants, 37 vitamin E-treated infants) and NEC (18 placebo
      treated infants, 32 vitamin E-treated infants) was observed among infants who had
      been treated for eight or more days and who had developed neither sepsis nor NEC
      before that time. The association of vitamin E treatment with increased incidence
      of disease was much higher with sepsis than with NEC. The most likely reason for
      these observations is a pharmacologic serum vitamin E-related decrease in oxygen
      dependent intracellular killing ability which results in a decreased resistance
      to infection in preterm infants. The data suggest that, if this occurs, it is
      clinically significant only in the more immature infants. In view of the known
      variability of absorption of oral vitamin E and the association between high
      serum vitamin E levels and increased incidence of sepsis and late-onset NEC
      reported here, it can be concluded that serum vitamin E levels must be monitored
      when supplemental vitamin E is administered to premature infants, especially
      those with birth weight 1,500 g or less. The risk-benefit ratio of long-term
      treatment using vitamin E at high serum levels should be clearly assessed.

PMID- 3885153
TI  - Evolution of short-course antimicrobial treatment of tuberculosis in children,
      1951-1984.
AB  - Although the first unrecognized indication that short-course antimicrobial
      treatment of tuberculosis might be effective came in reports of tuberculous
      meningitis and miliary tuberculosis in children so treated by Lorber (1951 to
      1956), the 1977 American Lung Association-American Thoracic Society
      recommendation for antimicrobial therapy of tuberculosis in adults still
      specified an 18-month course. The first prospective study on the short-course
      antimicrobial treatment of children in the United States was published in
      December 1983. The long delay before recognition of the practicability of short
      course antimicrobial treatment of tuberculosis has probably been occasioned by
      ignorance of drug actions and the mechanisms involved.

PMID- 3885154
TI  - Subependymal germinal matrix hemorrhage in full-term neonates.
AB  - A population of healthy, full-term newborn infants was studied in order to obtain
      documentation of the prevalence of intracranial hemorrhage. Cerebral
      ultrasonography was performed within 72 hours of birth on 505 healthy newborn
      infants, 37 weeks of gestation or greater. Sonographic abnormalities were
      detected in 23 (4.6%) neonates. Bilateral subependymal germinal matrix hemorrhage
      occurred in 14 and unilateral hemorrhage in five infants. Other abnormalities
      detected included agenesis of the corpus callosum in two infants, a cyst
      involving the subependymal germinal matrix in one (presumably the result of a
      previous subependymal hemorrhage), and mild ventricular dilation of unknown
      etiology in one. Newborns with subependymal hemorrhage were compared with
      newborns without hemorrhage in order to determine whether any significant
      differences existed between the two populations. No significant differences
      existed between infants with and without subependymal hemorrhage with regard to
      gender, obstetrical presentation, use of forceps, birth trauma, Apgar scores,
      need for resuscitation, maternal age and parity, and neonatal clinical problems.
      Infants with subependymal hemorrhage were of significantly lower gestational age
      and birth weight; the overall difference in weight was attributable to lower
      weight in female infants with subependymal hemorrhage. Significantly more infants
      with subependymal hemorrhage were small for gestational age, vaginally delivered,
      and black.

PMID- 3885155
TI  - Serial lumbar punctures for at least temporary amelioration of neonatal
      posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.
AB  - Serial lumbar punctures for the management of neonatal posthemorrhagic
      hydrocephalus without intracranial hypertension were evaluated in 16 infants.
      Cranial ultrasonography to evaluate ventricular size and the Ladd monitor at the
      anterior fontanel to measure intracranial pressure were utilized immediately
      before and after lumbar puncture. In 12 patients, a decrease in ventricular size
      and in anterior fontanel pressure could be effected with each lumbar puncture. In
      these infants, cessation of progression of the hydrocephalus and intermittent
      decreases in ventricular size were accomplished. In four patients, lumbar
      punctures were not successful in decreasing ventricular size or lowering
      intracranial pressure. Two criteria could be defined to determine whether lumbar
      puncture could provide at least temporary benefit for the treatment of
      posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. The first of these is to establish the presence of
      communication between lateral ventricles and lumbar subarachnoid space by
      effecting a decrease in ventricular size and a decrease in intracranial pressure
      by removal of CSF. The second criterion is to ascertain a critical volume of CSF
      (usually relatively large) that must be removed in order to effect the above
      changes. Cranial ultrasonography and measurement of intracranial pressure by
      application of the Ladd monitor to the anterior fontanel are extremely valuable
      in the evaluation of lumbar punctures in the management of posthemorrhagic
      hydrocephalus.

PMID- 3885156
TI  - Effects of hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride in renal hypophosphatemic rickets.
AB  - The effects of thiazide diuretics on serum phosphate concentration, renal tubular
      threshold for phosphate, and urinary calcium excretion in children with renal
      hypophosphatemic rickets were studied. There were nine controlled acute studies
      conducted in five patients, and, in addition, seven long-term studies of up to 26
      months were performed. During the acute studies, the children continued to
      receive the same doses of oral calcitriol and phosphate supplementation as at
      home. Hydrochlorothiazide, 1.50 to 2.25 mg/kg/d, was used alone in the first four
      studies; hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride at a dose of 1 mg for each 5 mg of
      hydrochlorothiazide were used in the other five studies. Administration of the
      diuretics for four days gave rise to a significant increase in serum phosphate
      concentration from 3.1 +/- 0.4 mg/dL to 3.7 +/- 0.9 mg/dL (P less than .01) and
      in tubular threshold for phosphate from 1.31 +/- 0.45 mg/dL to 1.74 +/- 0.60
      mg/dL (P less than .01). These changes were accompanied by significant reductions
      in urinary sodium excretion from 135 +/- 39 mEq/24 h during the control period to
      99 +/- 42 mEq/24 h on the fourth day of therapy (P less than .05), fractional
      sodium excretion from 0.99% +/- 0.42% to 0.81% +/- 0.42% (P less than .05), and
      urinary calcium excretion from 57.3 +/- 28.9 mg/24 h to 19.0 +/- 13.1 mg/24 h (P
      less than .01). Fractional excretion of phosphate divided by fractional excretion
      of sodium after the treatment with diuretics was not significantly different from
      that observed at the end of the control period. Increments in serum phosphate
      concentrations were correlated with elevations in serum albumin concentrations (r
      = .739; P less than .02). As an additional index of intravascular volume
      contraction, the elevations in serum phosphate concentrations were correlated
      with the increase in BUN, (r = .793; P less than .01). The addition of amiloride
      in the last five studies prevented the hypokalemia and alkalosis that had
      complicated the administration of hydrochlorothiazide. Long-term follow-up
      studies for a total of 119 therapy-months on six children and one adult, who
      continued to receive the diuretics concomitantly with calcitriol and phosphate
      supplementation, showed that they were free of complications except for a
      transient episode of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria in one patient. In
      comparison with the previous period of treatment with calcitriol and phosphate
      without diuretics, linear growth velocity and healing of the rickets were not
      changed in two children and improved in the other four after the addition of
      hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3885157
TI  - Beginning to see the light.

PMID- 3885158
TI  - Clinical utility of an index of impulsivity on the Draw-A-Person test.

PMID- 3885159
TI  - Microprocessor controlled trituration device for the dissociation of cardiac and
      other tissues.
AB  - The construction of an inexpensive microprocessor controlled piston/cylinder used
      in the dissociation of canine cardiac Purkinje fibres is described. The
      microprocessor, interfaced to a linear actuator, controls the motion of a piston
      using the higher level language "Tiny BASIC" and two machine language routines.
      Pressure changes generated by the piston are transferred to the lumen of a
      pipette. Movement of enzymatically-treated tissues through the pipette orifice
      facilitates dissociation into single cells. With this device, specific agitation
      protocols for different quantities and types of tissues are possible.

PMID- 3885160
TI  - Identification of mitochondria-rich cells in unstained vital preparations of
      epithelia by autofluorescence.
AB  - To recognize mitochondria-rich cells in unstained vital preparations of
      heterogeneously composed epithelia we report here the use of an autofluorescence
      technique. Upon illumination with wavelengths of 400-440 or 450-490 nm
      mitochondria-rich cells emit fluorescence light of wave-lengths of greater than
      470 or greater than 520 nm respectively, which probably arises from
      flavoproteins. Illumination does not seem to impair cell function and the
      fluorescence does not show any sign of fading over observation times of 20 min or
      greater. The method allows us to identify parietal cells from chief cells in
      gastric glands and obviously also intercalated cells from principal cells in
      renal collecting ducts. It might also be useful in other epithelia.

PMID- 3885161
TI  - [Why Charles V and Charles II (Hapsburgs) could not close their mouths].

PMID- 3885162
TI  - [The enamel-bonded bridge].

PMID- 3885163
TI  - History of TB. The romantic's death.

PMID- 3885164
TI  - Total body irradiation.

PMID- 3885165
TI  - A new history of nursing. Just what did the nurse do?

PMID- 3885166
TI  - A new history of nursing. The benevolent ladies of Gloucester.

PMID- 3885167
TI  - Hospital histories. 1. Mater infirmorum, Belfast.

PMID- 3885168
TI  - The Boston burns units.

PMID- 3885170
TI  - Hospital histories. 5. The Children's Hospital, Sheffield.

PMID- 3885169
TI  - Hospital histories. 3. Lanarkshire School of Midwifery.

PMID- 3885171
TI  - Renal nursing. Kidney donor.

PMID- 3885172
TI  - Amdinocillin: a novel penicillin. Antibacterial activity, pharmacology and
      clinical use.
AB  - Amdinocillin is a novel penicillin whose antibacterial activity is derived from
      its ability to bind specifically and avidly to Penicillin Binding Protein-2 (PBP
      2). Other beta-lactams bind almost exclusively to PBPs 1 and 3. This unique
      feature has prompted many investigators to predict that amdinocillin would
      aggressively synergize with other antimicrobials, particularly other beta
      lactams. Certain features of these predictions have been realized. Amdinocillin
      is active alone against many gram-negative organisms. Pseudomonas and non
      fermenting gram-negative bacteria, however, are usually resistant. Amdinocillin,
      in combination with many beta-lactams, exhibits marked synergy against many
      enterobacteriaceae. No such synergy can be demonstrated for gram-positive
      organisms or pseudomonas species. Amdinocillin is not beta-lactamase stable.
      Organisms which produce high levels of plasma-mediated beta-lactamase are
      resistant to the drug. Amdinocillin is widely distributed to most tissues of the
      body. It is removed by renal tubular secretion which results in prodigious levels
      of the drug in the urine. Co-administration of probenecid results in markedly
      elevated plasma levels of amdinocillin and delays its excretion. Amdinocillin has
      a plasma half-life of about one hour in patients with grossly normal renal
      function. Its half-life increases to 3 to 6 hours in anephric patients. The
      spectrum of adverse reactions observed with amdinocillin is similar to that of
      other penicillins. Amdinocillin, as a single agent, is effective in the treatment
      of urinary tract infections caused by susceptible strains of E. coli and
      klebsiella and enterobacter species. When amdinocillin is used in concert with
      other antimicrobials, synergy can frequently be demonstrated but it is
      essentially limited to gram-negative aerobic organisms. At present, insufficient
      data are available to precisely profile the utility of amdinocillin, either alone
      or in combination, in the treatment of systemic infections.

PMID- 3885173
TI  - A prospective randomized trial of combination vindesine and cisplatin versus
      single-agent vindesine in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
AB  - Antineoplastic agents, used alone or in combination, are capable of achieving
      objective remissions in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer. Response rates have
      been modest, however, and responses are generally not durable. Furthermore, the
      toxicity of some regimens has been substantial, creating a narrow therapeutic
      ratio and a questionable impact on survival. The addition of cisplatin (DDP) to
      cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) resulted in major response rates
      that were superior to those obtained with cyclophosphamide or doxorubicin used
      alone or in combination. Vindesine (DVA) was evaluated in several phase II trials
      that demonstrated reproducible limited antitumor activity in nonsmall cell lung
      cancer. Gralla et al combined DVA with DDP in regimens of varying DDP dosage and
      noted a response rate of about 43%.

PMID- 3885174
TI  - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and aspirin--analyzing the scores.
AB  - We reviewed 103 controlled clinical trials that compared the antiarthritic
      efficacy and tolerance of previously and currently marketed nonsteroidal
      antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and aspirin. Of 52 studies, 35 had data
      sufficient to calculate an NSAID efficacy index (the ratio of mean improvement in
      NSAID-treated patients to that in aspirin-treated patients) based on subjective
      and/or objective criteria. The mean indexes (obtained from all studies from which
      an index could be calculated) indicated no statistically significant difference
      in efficacy between aspirin and the NSAIDs as a group; the indexes tended to
      become less variable as the number of study subjects increased. Tolerance,
      assessed from the percentage of patients who discontinued the drug because of
      side effects, was significantly greater for NSAIDs than for aspirin. The NSAIDs
      had greater efficacy but not greater toxicity at increased doses. Efficacy
      differences described among NSAIDs in some studies were attributable either to
      comparisons at nonequivalent doses or to chance.

PMID- 3885175
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections: a personal view.

PMID- 3885176
TI  - Management of nontuberculous (atypical) mycobacterial infections in children and
      adolescents.

PMID- 3885177
TI  - Considerations of infectious diseases in day care centers. The Child Day Care
      Infectious Disease Study Group.

PMID- 3885178
TI  - Response of C-reactive protein in neonatal Group B streptococcal infection.
AB  - Preliminary evidence (n = 15) with semiquantitative (latex) determinations of C
      reactive protein (CRP) suggested an unreliable CRP response in systemic Group B
      streptococcal infection. Recent experience with sequential, quantitative
      determinations of CRP in 10 infants surviving GBS infection documents that CRP
      can rise rapidly with systemic infection and fall rapidly with appropriate
      treatment. One infant with asymptomatic bacteremia had no increase in CRP, but in
      nine others with sepsis and/or meningitis the peak concentrations were from 4.2
      to 31.9 mg/dl. Duration of elevated CRP ranged from 2 days in benign illness to
      17 days in severe meningitis. Two infants with neurologic sequelae had
      concentrations greater than 20 mg/dl. Leukopenia, neutropenia and elevated
      immature neutrophil:total neutrophil ratio were frequently observed at the onset
      of infection. Leukocyte counts may be most helpful in making an early diagnosis,
      whereas CRP concentrations may document response, influence duration of
      antibiotic therapy and provide prognostic information.

PMID- 3885179
TI  - Endemic Serratia marcescens infection in a neonatal intensive care nursery
      associated with gastrointestinal colonization.
AB  - Serratia marcescens (SM) produced a prolonged outbreak in a neonatal intensive
      care unit of high level gastrointestinal colonization (10(9) SM/g feces) which in
      the early part of the outbreak predisposed to respiratory infection. The early
      outbreak featured a strain of SM carrying a 54 X 10(6) dalton conjugative plasmid
      which mediated resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin and beta-lactam agents. The
      second part of the outbreak involved primarily gastrointestinal colonization with
      SM strains that were plasmid-free. Acquisition of SM was related to very low
      birth weight (less than 1500 g). Among very low birth weight neonates, SM
      colonization was associated with pneumonia, patent ductus arteriosus, congestive
      heart failure and septicemia. Among neonates greater than 1500 g, SM colonization
      was associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, use of a respirator, patent
      ductus arteriosus and congestive heart failure. Respirator contamination,
      respiratory tract colonization and consequent pneumonia were reduced by more
      frequent changing of respirator tubing. Colonized sinks remained chronically
      colonized with multiresistant SM.

PMID- 3885180
TI  - Primary immunization with diphtheria-tetanus toxoids vaccine and diphtheria
      tetanus toxoids-pertussis vaccine adsorbed: comparison of schedules.
AB  - In a double blind study patients were randomly divided into two groups. All
      patients received an initial immunization with diphtheria-tetanus toxoids
      pertussis (DTP) vaccine at 2 months of age. One population received diphtheria
      tetanus toxoids (DT pediatric) vaccine at the time of the second immunization at
      4 months of age and DTP vaccine at 6 months (DTP-DT-DTP). In a second group DTP
      vaccine was administered as the second immunization and DT (pediatric) vaccine
      was given at the 6-month visit (DTP-DTP-DT). There was a significantly increased
      incidence and severity of adverse reactions associated with DTP vaccine when
      contrasted with responses observed after DT vaccine; differences were apparent
      whether the vaccine was administered as the second or the third immunization. All
      patients had serologic evidence of protection to diphtheria and tetanus following
      completion of either primary series. The geometric mean titer of pertussis
      agglutinins was similar in the two study groups 2 months after the second DTP
      immunization but was significantly higher in the DTP-DT-DTP group at 1 to 2
      months after the completion of the primary immunization series (P less than
      0.01). Both groups, however, were significantly lower than the comparable
      geometric mean titer measured after a series of three DTP inoculations (7.51,
      log2) (P less than 0.01). This study supports the recommendation that three
      immunizations of DTP be administered in the first year of life.

PMID- 3885181
TI  - Controlled trial of ceftazidime vs. ticarcillin and tobramycin in the treatment
      of acute respiratory exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - A randomized controlled trial was undertaken to compare ceftazidime vs. the
      combination of ticarcillin and tobramycin in the treatment of acute respiratory
      exacerbations of mild to moderate severity in patients with cystic fibrosis. The
      two antibiotic regimens were equally effective in terms of clinical improvement:
      16 of 17 in the ceftazidime group and 11 of 13 in the ticarcillin/tobramycin
      group were judged to be improved by the patients and attending physicians and
      were observed to show improvement in symptom scores, vital signs, body weight and
      pulmonary function. Ceftazidime was more effective bacteriologically in reducing
      colony counts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the sputum. Neither regimen affected
      Pseudomonas cepacia. Resistance to multiple antibiotics developed in six of 12
      isolates of nonmucoid P. aeruginosa in patients receiving ticarcillin/tobramycin,
      which was significantly more than occurred in the ceftazidime group. There was no
      correlation between clinical and bacteriologic outcomes in either treatment
      group. No clinically important adverse effects were observed.

PMID- 3885182
TI  - Ceftriaxone: increasing the half-life and activity of third generation
      cephalosporins.

PMID- 3885183
TI  - Infections of the external ear.

PMID- 3885184
TI  - Diagnostic uncertainty in atypical Kawasaki disease, and a new finding: exudative
      conjunctivitis.

PMID- 3885185
TI  - Congenital toxoplasmosis 38 years ago.

PMID- 3885187
TI  - Propionic acid-derived non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs are phototoxic in
      vitro.
AB  - Clinical photosensitivity reactions have been reported for several non-steroidal
      antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID). 11 such commercial preparations were studied
      spectrophotometrically and assayed for phototoxicity using 2 in vitro methods.
      Photohemolysis of human red blood cells was measured following exposure to
      longwave (UVA) and medium-wave (UVB) ultraviolet radiation. Growth inhibition of
      Candida albicans was assayed after exposure to drug and UVA. A majority of the
      drugs were phototoxic. Propionic acid-derived NSAIDs were the most active in the
      photohemolysis assays as well as in the Candida test. With UVA 43.2 J/cm2
      ketoprofen was one order of magnitude more potent that the other compounds; with
      increasing UVB doses and a standard drug concentration of 10 micrograms/ml the
      same was true for benoxaprofen. Several compounds were protective against UVB
      hemolysis. Candida growth inhibition was strongest with naproxen. Again,
      propionic acid derivatives generally were the more effective. No photoactivity
      was noted for indomethacin, piroxicam and sulindac. Azapropazone caused UVA
      hemolysis only. Members of the NSAID group, and in particular derivatives of
      propionic acid, are capable of inducing phototoxic reactions with UVA as well as
      UVB in vitro. These results confirm clinical reports of photoreactions to members
      of this group.

PMID- 3885186
TI  - Connective tissue alterations in skin exposed to natural and therapeutic UV
      radiation.
AB  - Aging of human skin represents a complex situation where several factors
      contribute to the age-related changes. One of these factors relates to UV
      radiation, but the exact mechanistic details are not well established. Several
      morphologic studies have indicated definite changes in the quantitative aspects
      of dermal connective tissue components, collagen and elastin. Also, recent
      biochemical studies have suggested that UV-irradiation can alter the metabolism
      of these proteins in the skin. This review summarizes the current state of
      knowledge of the effects of natural and therapeutic UV-radiation on dermal
      connective tissue, and further delineates additional research needs necessary for
      disclosure of the exact mechanistic details of the aging processes in human skin.

PMID- 3885188
TI  - Phytophotodermatitis-like lesions induced by PUVA.

PMID- 3885189
TI  - [Evaluation of errors of ultrasonic diagnosis based on the analysis of our
      cases].

PMID- 3885190
TI  - [Imaging of internal organs by the method of magnetic resonance].

PMID- 3885191
TI  - [Indications for ultrasonic diagnosis].

PMID- 3885192
TI  - [Concentration of urine: in search of a model].

PMID- 3885193
TI  - [Activity of the kinin and renin systems in patients treated with hemodialysis
      using acetate and bicarbonate liquid].

PMID- 3885194
TI  - [Idiopathic edema--pathogenesis, clinical aspects and treatment].

PMID- 3885195
TI  - Laudatio to Franz Buchner in honor of his 90th birthday.

PMID- 3885196
TI  - Human cardiac transplantation--evaluation of morphological changes in serial
      endomyocardial biopsies.
AB  - From May 1981 through July 1984 a total of 29 human allogenic orthotopic cardiac
      transplants were performed in Munich. The first two patients initially received
      conventional immunosuppressive treatment for 79 and 27 days, respectively; then
      treatment was continued with cyclosporine. All subsequent 27 patients received
      only cyclosporine treatment. Seventeen of the cardiac recipients are currently
      alive. Three of the recipients who died succumbed to immunological rejection.
      Twenty-five cardiac grafts were controlled by 355 sequential biopsy procedures,
      which yielded 1158 endomyocardial specimens for histological examination. The
      morphological findings and changes observed in the endomyocardium were analyzed.
      The interpretation of these findings and difficulties encountered in their
      interpretation are discussed. Special attention is attributed to findings
      possibly associated with the cyclosporine treatment.

PMID- 3885197
TI  - What's new in pediatric oncology? Epidemiology, treatment principles and
      prognosis in childhood malignancies.
AB  - The proportion of malignancies in children differs from that in adults: Leukemias
      and malignant lymphomas predominate with a total of 50%, followed by tumors of
      the nervous system, of the kidneys, and of connective and supportive tissue. Most
      of these diseases respond well to cytostatic therapy. Therefore chemotherapy
      occupies a major role in the curative concepts for nearly all childhood
      malignancies. Its objective is the destruction of micrometastases as well as the
      reduction of primary tumor mass in inoperable cases, and it often helps to limit
      the extent of radical surgery. Radiotherapy, too, can be reduced under the
      influence of cytostatic therapy. In nearly all childhood cancers, prognosis has
      improved substantially over the past 10 to 15 years. Today, our aim is not the
      mere limited survival, but a definitive cure. Modern strategies have raised the
      cure rates of Hodgkin's disease to 90%, of Wilms' tumor, acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia and non- Hodgkin lymphomas to 70-75%, of soft tissue sarcomas and
      osteosarcomas to about 50%, and of acute myelogenous leukemia, neuroblastoma and
      medulloblastoma to 30-35%. Centralized management of childhood cancers in
      specially staffed hospitals is mandatory on account of their relative low
      frequency, the risks of chemotherapy, and the high staff workload.

PMID- 3885198
TI  - Group B streptococcal cellulitis in an adult.
AB  - A 75-year-old man with stage IV chronic lymphocytic leukemia was seen for
      tingling in the left arm, vesicular rash confined to the dorsum of the left hand,
      and diffuse erythema and swelling that extended to the elbow. Gram's stain of
      material aspirated from the cellulitic area revealed gram-positive cocci. Blood
      cultures grew group B streptococci, and cultures of material from the cellulitic
      area grew group B streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus. Cellulitis with
      bacteremia was diagnosed, and seven-day drug therapy with acyclovir (Zovirax) and
      penicillin G was started. The cellulitis resolved and the vesicular lesions
      crusted over within seven days. Group B streptococci, traditionally regarded as
      pathogens of neonates, are becoming an increasingly important cause of infection
      in adults. Primary care physicians who care for adults, especially those who are
      elderly, should include group B streptococci in the differential diagnosis of
      cellulitis.

PMID- 3885199
TI  - Microcomputers for MDs. A view from the exhibit hall.

PMID- 3885200
TI  - Yersinia colitis associated with Crohn's disease.
AB  - A previously healthy patient developed serologically-proven Yersinia
      pseudotuberculosis enterocolitis and made a complete recovery. Over a year later,
      further gastrointestinal symptoms developed and Crohn's disease was diagnosed.
      The possible relevance to the aetiology of Crohn's disease is discussed.

PMID- 3885201
TI  - Current issues in the management of children with acute lymphocytic leukaemia.

PMID- 3885202
TI  - The use of intravenous meptazinol for analgesia in colonoscopy.
AB  - A double blind study comparing intravenous pethidine and meptazinol has been
      performed to establish the efficacy and safety of meptazinol as an analgesic
      agent in colonoscopy. Twenty two patients received pethidine and 23 patients
      received meptazinol and no difference in analgesic effect or sedative effect
      could be demonstrated either by observer or patient assessment using a visual
      analogue scale. A group of 10 patients in the pethidine group and 9 in the
      meptazinol group had continuous recording of electrocardiogram, pulse rate and
      blood pressure throughout the procedure. Significant falls in both systolic and
      diastolic blood pressure were recorded in the pethidine group but not the
      meptazinol group. Benign cardiac arrhythmias were recorded in both groups before
      and after the administration of premedicant drug and 1 patient in each group had
      transient ST depression. Side effects were recorded with equal frequency in each
      group except for vomiting which occurred in 5 of 23 meptazinol patients but none
      of the pethidine patients. Meptazinol is an effective analgesic drug in
      colonoscopy which produces less cardiovascular depression than pethidine and thus
      may be useful in selected patients especially the elderly or those with known
      cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 3885203
TI  - Metoprolol in the aged hypertensive: a comparison of two dosage schedules.
AB  - Thirty-one patients aged 65 y or over suffering from moderate hypertension were
      studied for 16 weeks using a cross-over design in which metoprolol 100 mg daily
      and metoprolol 200 mg daily were compared. Both treatment regimes were effective
      in controlling hypertension and no difference was found between the two with
      regard to efficacy. The 100 mg regime was, however, better tolerated and we
      propose this as the preferred metoprolol dose for the aged hypertensive.

PMID- 3885204
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and infection.

PMID- 3885205
TI  - Pneumatocele formation in a patient with Proteus mirabilis pneumonia.
AB  - A rare case of pulmonary pneumatoceles complicating the course of Proteus
      pneumonia in an adult is described. The pneumatoceles which appeared early in the
      course of the pneumonia resolved completely without complications. A brief review
      of the literature regarding formation of cavities in Proteus pneumonia is given.

PMID- 3885206
TI  - ND nursing history.

PMID- 3885207
TI  - Nursing education history in ND.

PMID- 3885208
TI  - [Morphological analysis of puncture biopsies of the thyroid gland. Methods-
      diagnostic criteria--evaluation].

PMID- 3885209
TI  - [Microquantitative determination of glucose in solutions using microorganisms as
      the test system].
AB  - A technique for determining small quantities of glucose in solutions and
      biological liquids is proposed. The assay can be performed in the presence of
      some other carbohydrates, except those which are transported into E. coli cells
      by means of the phosphoenol-transferase system. The method is based on pH-metric
      regictration of H+-ions which are released from bacteria as a result of glucose
      consumption. The suspension of cells of E coli st. M-17 was used as a test
      system. We can also recommend a commercial preparation of colibacterin, which
      contains lyophilized bacteria E. coli st. M-17 in the sucrose-gelatin medium. The
      sensitivity of the method is about 1 microgram of glucose in 5-10 microliter.

PMID- 3885210
TI  - [Enzyme preparations for research on protein hydrolysates and amino acid mixtures
      not containing peptides].
AB  - Some properties and the hydrolysing ability of two novel enzyme preparations, a
      proteolytic preparation "C" from Acremonium chrysogenum (Cephalosporium
      acremonium) and a peptidase preparation (the producer from the family
      Pseudomanadaceae), are described. The preparations can be used for obtaining
      protein hydrolysates with different ratios of free amino acids and peptides. The
      protein hydrolysis with the preparation "C" enables one to obtain hydrolysates
      containing 13-18% of free amino acids. The further treatment of the hydrolysates
      with the peptidase preparation results either in complete hydrolysis of the
      remained peptide fractions or in obtainment of solutions containing from 60 to
      85% of free amino acids and low-molecular weight peptides.

PMID- 3885211
TI  - [Protease and alpha-amylase synthesis by washed cells of Aspergillus oryzae 251
      90].
AB  - Regularities of protease and alpha-amylase production by washed cells of
      Aspergillus oryzae 251-90 were being studied. The results obtained enabled us to
      assume a constitutive character of the both enzymes synthesis by the given
      producer. Sources of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur take part in regulation of the
      protease production, whereas in the case of the alpha-amylase synthesis only
      carbon sources that are important. Elimination of phosphorus from the medium
      affects the synthesis of both enzymes. Celatin stimulates the production of the
      two enzymes, being a supplier of amino acids.

PMID- 3885212
TI  - [Case of an unusual course of hypoglycemic coma].

PMID- 3885213
TI  - [Biosynthesis of immunoreactive luteinizing hormone in the central nervous system
      of rats].
AB  - The authors detected the biosynthesis in vitro of the immunoreactive LH in the
      pineal gland and hypothalamus of rats using a specific immunosorbent to LH. The
      synthesis of this hormone was undetectable in the thalamus, striate body and in
      the cerebral cortex. Puromycin decreased the synthesis of the hormone in the
      pineal gland and hypothalamus by 40% and 60% respectively. LH-RH stimulated the
      biosynthesis of the immunoreactive LH in the pineal gland. It was assumed that LH
      producing cells are present in the pineal gland and hypothalamus of rats.

PMID- 3885214
TI  - [Effect of somatotropin and prolactin on functional activity and proliferation of
      cultured islet cells of newborn rats].
AB  - A study was made of the STH and prolactin effect on insulin secretion and 3H
      thymidine incorporation in DNA by keeping them in 10.5 and 1% embryonic calf
      serum using a model of the primary monolayer culture of isolated pancreatic islet
      cells. It has been shown that STH preincubation of the islet cells for 16 hours
      resulted in a distinct stimulation of insulin secretion and cell proliferation in
      culture. Prolactin had a similar stimulating effect with STH preincubation of the
      cells for 24 hours. The STH and prolactin effect depended on the cultivation
      conditions and manifested itself to a large extent with a low content in the
      medium of the embryonic calf serum (1%). The results are indicative of the
      presence of the STH and prolactin direct specific effect on insulin secretory
      function and cultivated islet cell proliferation.

PMID- 3885215
TI  - Murine leukemia virus protease is encoded by the gag-pol gene and is synthesized
      through suppression of an amber termination codon.
AB  - We have purified from Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV) a protease that has
      the capacity of accurately cleaving the polyprotein precursor Pr65gag into the
      mature viral structural proteins. Both the NH2- and COOH-terminal amino acid
      sequences have been determined and aligned with the amino acid sequence deduced
      from the DNA sequence of Mo-MuLV by other workers. The results show that: (i) the
      protease is located at the 5' end of the pol gene, and the first four amino acids
      are overlapped with the 3' end of the gag gene; (ii) the fifth amino acid residue
      is glutamine, which is inserted by suppression of the UAG termination codon at
      the gag-pol junction; and (iii) the protease is composed of 125 amino acids with
      calculated Mr = 13,315, and the COOH terminus of the protease is adjacent to the
      NH2 terminus of reverse transcriptase. The map order of the gag-pol gene is
      proposed to be 5'-p15-p12-p30-p10-protease-reverse transcriptase-endonuclease-3'.

PMID- 3885216
TI  - Isolation and point of action of a factor from Escherichia coli required to
      reconstruct translation.
AB  - To study the mechanism of translation we have attempted to reconstruct the
      process from purified components. Protein synthesis was programmed by the RNAs of
      wild-type or amber mutants of bacteriophages f2 or MS2. Translation programmed by
      MS2 or f2am3 RNA does not occur using ribosomes, precharged aminoacyl-tRNAs, and
      the sum of the purified proteins involved in initiation (initiation factors; IF
      1, IF-2, and IF-3), propagation (elongation factors; EF-Tu, EF-Ts, and EF-G) and
      termination (release factors; RF-1 or RF-2) of protein synthesis. The requirement
      for a protein called W was demonstrated. Protein W was purified free of all
      translation factors, activating enzymes, and other proteins such as the RR,
      "rescue," and EF-P implicated in translation. The stimulation of propagation by W
      depended on the position of the amino acid residue to be added in the synthesis
      of the NH2-terminal hexapeptide of the coat protein. In the reconstructed system,
      with the sum of all translation factors but in the absence of W, only dipeptides
      and smaller quantities of tripeptides were synthesized under the direction of
      f2am3 RNA. W stimulated the synthesis of the hexapeptide, fMet-Ala-Ser-AspNH2-Phe
      Thr directed by this RNA. In addition, W stimulated ejection of non-cognate tRNAs
      that bind to ribosomal particles.

PMID- 3885218
TI  - Expression of p21ras in fresh primary and metastatic human colorectal tumors.
AB  - Activation of the cellular oncogene ras has been implicated in many types of
      human malignancies. In this study, the relative levels of p21 protein product of
      ras (p21ras) in primary and metastatic colon tumors were compared to those in
      adjacent normal tissues. Nine of the 17 primary tumors had substantially elevated
      levels of p21ras with respect to adjacent normal tissues. Eight of these tumors
      were from Dukes' B and C stages. Four of the five tumors classified as "D" stage
      (in which distant metastases are present) did not show elevated levels of p21ras.
      In metastases from primary colon tumors, nine of nine were considerably reduced
      in p21ras expression regardless of the site of metastasis. These data suggest
      that elevation of p21ras may be a common event in early stages of colon tumors,
      and tumor progression may lead to a more autonomous population of cells in which
      other growth factors supplant the role of this protein.

PMID- 3885217
TI  - Stimulation of Na+/H+ antiport is an early event in hypertrophy of renal proximal
      tubular cells.
AB  - Renal hypertrophy in vivo is achieved by an increase in protein content per cell
      and an increase in cell size with minimal hyperplasia. Hypertrophied renal
      tubular cells remain quiescent and demonstrate an increase in transcellular
      transport rates. This situation was simulated in vitro by exposing a confluent,
      quiescent primary culture of rabbit renal proximal tubular cells to either
      insulin, prostaglandin E1, or hypertonic NaCl for 24 or 48 hr. Protein per cell
      increased by 20-30% with little or no increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation
      into DNA. Mean cell volume was also increased in insulin- and hypertonic NaCl
      treated but not in prostaglandin E1-treated cells. The lag period required to
      initiate DNA synthesis by a combination of insulin and hydrocortisone was the
      same in control and hypertrophied cells, indicating a quiescent state of the
      latter. Two hours of exposure to the growth stimuli increased amiloride-sensitive
      Na+ uptake, Na-dependent H+ efflux, and ouabain-sensitive Rb+ uptake, indicating
      that stimulation of Na+/H+ antiport (exchange) occurs as an early event in their
      action. Hypertrophied cells continued to demonstrate enhanced Na+/H+ antiport
      after the growth stimuli were removed for 3 hr, by which time their acute effects
      are reversed.

PMID- 3885219
TI  - Relationship of M protein genes in group A streptococci.
AB  - The M protein of group A streptococci is considered one of the primary virulence
      determinants of this organism because it prevents phagocytosis. All of the 56
      different M protein types of group A streptococci tested contain a DNA region
      that hybridizes with a labeled probe consisting of DNA encoding the type 6 M
      protein (emm6 gene). In addition, 2 of 3 functionally M- group A strains (strains
      that are successfully phagocytized) also contain this gene, but this DNA is not
      present in 1 M- strain. Of the other streptococcal groups, only groups C and G,
      which are closely related to group A, contain DNA that hybridizes with emm6. None
      of the non-streptococcal Gram-positive bacteria tested contains emm6-related DNA.
      In the strain from which emm6 was cloned, there appears to be only a single copy
      of this gene.

PMID- 3885220
TI  - Chicken triosephosphate isomerase complements an Escherichia coli deficiency.
AB  - We present the sequence of full-length chicken triosephosphate isomerase (D
      glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate ketol-isomerase, EC 5.3.1.1) mRNA based on the
      analysis of cDNA and genomic clones. To isolate cDNA clones encoding the enzyme,
      we screened a muscle cDNA library with radioactively labeled cDNA made from RNA
      that had been enriched by immunoselection of polysomes. We blocked the signal
      caused by contaminating species in the probe with cloned DNA corresponding to the
      contaminants. Screening a chicken genomic library with cDNA coding for
      triosephosphate isomerase led to the isolation of phage containing the entire
      gene, which we used to map the transcriptional start. When placed downstream from
      a hybrid trp-lac promoter, the cDNA encoding the chicken enzyme programs the
      synthesis of functional protein, as judged by enzymatic criteria and by
      complementation of an Escherichia coli mutant that is deficient in bacterial
      triosephosphate isomerase.

PMID- 3885221
TI  - Construction of telocentric chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - We describe a simple method for the construction of large chromosomal deletions
      in yeast. Diploid yeast cells were transformed with DNA fragments that replace
      large regions of the chromosomes by homologous recombination. Using this method,
      we have constructed a telocentric chromosome III in which approximately equal to
      100 kilobases (kb) of DNA has been removed from the left arm of the chromosome,
      so that the centromere is 12 kb from the left telomere. This telocentric
      chromosome is mitotically stable. Its rate of loss in a diploid strain is 2.5-7.4
      X 10(-4) per cell division compared to a rate of loss of 0.36-1.8 X 10(-4) per
      cell division for a normal chromosome III. It also segregates 2+:2- with fidelity
      during meiosis. The construction of systematic deletions in a chromosome should
      be useful in determining the essential features for proper chromosomal
      segregation and replication.

PMID- 3885223
TI  - Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF II) in human brain: regional distribution of
      IGF II and of higher molecular mass forms.
AB  - Twenty-four distinct areas of human brain were analyzed for the presence of
      insulin-like growth factor (IGF). As reported for cerebrospinal fluid, only IGF
      II-like immunoreactivity, but no significant amounts of IGF I-like
      immunoreactivity, could be found. Upon gel permeation chromatography, two to five
      distinct size classes were separated on the basis of their immunoreactivity. The
      smallest component had an apparent molecular mass of 7.5 kDa, identical to the
      one of purified IGF II from human serum. Radioimmunoassays and a bioassay also
      gave results indistinguishable from those of serum IGF II. The highest amounts of
      IGF II-like immunoreactivity occur in the anterior pituitary--namely, 20-25 pmol
      equivalents/g of wet weight. This is up to 100 times more than in most other
      brain regions analyzed. The higher molecular mass immunoreactive species were
      partially characterized. After immunoaffinity purification, the 38- and 26-kDa
      species are active in a bioassay. Specific IGF-binding protein activity could be
      shown after purification of the 38- and 26-kDa species on an IGF-affinity column.
      The 13-kDa species released significant amounts of 7.5-kDa material. The results
      are interpreted as evidence for the presence of IGF II synthesized locally in
      human brain. The structure of the larger forms of IGF II-like immunoreactive
      material as well as the function of IGF II in brain are not yet known.

PMID- 3885222
TI  - Proteolytic modification of human complement protein C9: loss of poly(C9) and
      circular lesion formation without impairment of function.
AB  - We have compared the ability of thrombin-cleaved C9 (C9n) with that of native C9
      to produce tubular or ring-like poly(C9) and to express the classical complement
      lesion on target membranes. Three procedures were used to produce poly(C9): (i)
      limited proteolysis with trypsin, (ii) interaction with small unilamellar lipid
      vesicles, and (iii) incubation with a 2- to 4-fold molar excess of ZnCl2. In
      contrast to C9, which could be converted to tubular poly(C9), C9n was converted
      to smaller peptides by the first procedure and was aggregated into string-like
      poly(C9) by the other two methods. C9-depleted human serum (R-9 serum) was
      reconstituted with either C9 or C9n and these sera were then used to lyse
      sensitized sheep erythrocytes. Numerous classical complement lesions could be
      detected on ghost membranes obtained from cells lysed by C9-reconstituted R-9
      serum but only a few on ghost membranes produced by C9n-reconstituted R-9 serum.
      C9n was shown to be hemolytically as active as C9 even when tested under "single
      hit" conditions and it was about twice as efficient when compared with C9 in
      releasing sucrose and inulin from resealed ghosts. These results are interpreted
      to indicate that formation of the classical complement lesion is only incidental
      to lysis and not an obligatory event and that enlargement of the "functional pore
      size" of the complement lesion is not linked to formation of a circular membrane
      attack complex.

PMID- 3885224
TI  - Carcinoma of the oesophagus: aspects of epidemiology and aetiology.

PMID- 3885225
TI  - Food intolerance.

PMID- 3885226
TI  - Food from micro-organisms.

PMID- 3885227
TI  - Irritable bowel syndrome.

PMID- 3885228
TI  - The gut hormone response to food.

PMID- 3885229
TI  - Protein digestion and amino acid and peptide absorption.

PMID- 3885231
TI  - Factors influencing intestinal uptake of food antigens.

PMID- 3885230
TI  - Immunological response to food.

PMID- 3885232
TI  - Intestinal adaptation to an elemental diet.

PMID- 3885233
TI  - Nutrition and nitrosamine formation.

PMID- 3885234
TI  - Effect of insulin on glucose uptake in near-term fetal lambs.
AB  - Glucose clamp experiments were performed in 27 chronically catheterized, late
      gestation fetal lambs in order to measure the effect of fetal insulin
      concentration on fetal glucose uptake at a constant glucose concentration. Fetal
      arterial blood glucose concentration was measured over a 30-min control period
      and then maintained at the control value by a variable glucose infusion into the
      fetus while insulin was infused at a constant rate into the fetus. Plasma insulin
      concentration increased from 21 +/- 10 (SD) to 294 +/- 179 (SD) microU X ml-1.
      The exogenous glucose infusion rate necessary to maintain constant glycemia
      during the plateau hyperinsulinemia averaged 4.3 +/- 1.6 (SD) mg X min-1 X kg-1.
      In a subset of 13 animals, total fetal exogenous glucose uptake (FGU; sum of
      glucose uptake from the placenta via the umbilical circulation plus the steady
      state exogenous glucose infusion rate) was measured during the control and
      hyperinsulinemia period. FGU was directly related to insulin concentration (y =
      4.24 + 0.07x) at insulin levels less than 100 microU/ml and increased 132% above
      control at insulin levels above 100 microU/ml. Hyperinsulinemia did not affect
      fetal glucose uptake from the placenta via the umbilical circulation. These
      studies demonstrate that insulin concentration is a major factor controlling
      glucose uptake in the near-term fetal lamb, and that an increase of fetal insulin
      does not affect the transport of glucose to the fetus from the placenta.

PMID- 3885235
TI  - Group B streptococcus.

PMID- 3885236
TI  - Summary of the workshops on prenatal diagnosis.

PMID- 3885237
TI  - Early diagnosis of fetal structural abnormalities.

PMID- 3885238
TI  - Fetoscopy.

PMID- 3885239
TI  - General conclusions of the workshop on infectious diseases.

PMID- 3885240
TI  - Prevention of neural tube defects by improvement in maternal diet and
      preconceptional folic acid supplementation.

PMID- 3885241
TI  - The role of periconceptional vitamin supplementation in the prevention of neural
      tube defects.
AB  - The British Isles multicentre study of periconceptional vitamin supplementation
      in women with a previous infant with an NTD has demonstrated an apparent
      beneficial effect in reducing risk of recurrence of an NTD. In Northern Ireland,
      a similar significant effect has been observed with a reduction of the recurrence
      risk from 5.2% in unsupplemented to 0.7% in fully supplemented women. The
      problems and implications of periconceptional vitamin supplementation in the
      prevention of NTDs are discussed.

PMID- 3885242
TI  - Examination of infants for both minor and major malformations to evaluate for
      possible teratogenic exposures.

PMID- 3885243
TI  - Basement membrane and organogenesis.

PMID- 3885244
TI  - Mesenchymal-epithelial interactions during androgen-induced development of the
      prostate.

PMID- 3885245
TI  - Mammalian embryos in culture: a new approach to investigating normal and abnormal
      developmental mechanisms.

PMID- 3885246
TI  - Misinterpretations of results and creation of "artifacts" in studies on
      developmental toxicity using systems simpler than in vivo systems.

PMID- 3885247
TI  - A new theory about somite formation in the chick.

PMID- 3885248
TI  - Palatal development and the arachidonic acid cascade.
AB  - The production of cleft palate by glucocorticoids and phenytoin is a complicated
      interference of a complex developmental program involving many genetic and
      biochemical processes. The H-2 histocompatibility region includes genes which
      affect susceptibility to glucocorticoid- and phenytoin-induced cleft palate;
      glucocorticoid receptor level in a variety of tissues including maternal and
      embryonic palates, adult thymuses and lungs; and the degree of inhibition of
      prostaglandin and thromboxane production by glucocorticoids and phenytoin in
      thymocytes. A gene linked to a minor histocompatibility locus (H-3) on the second
      chromosome also influences susceptibility to glucocorticoid and phenytoin-induced
      cleft palate. Phenytoin is an alternate ligand for the glucocorticoid receptor
      affecting prostaglandin and/or thromboxane production. The capacity of
      glucocorticoids to induce cleft palate is correlated with their anti-inflammatory
      potency. At least some of the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids can be
      explained by the inhibition of prostaglandin and/or thromboxane release, which in
      turn could be caused by inhibition of arachidonic acid release from
      phospholipids. Similar mechanisms may be involved in cleft palate induction, as
      exogenous arachidonic acid injected into pregnant rats and mice at the same time
      as glucocorticoids reduces the teratogenic potency of the steroids and
      indomethacin, and inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, blocks the corrective action of
      arachidonic acid. Glucocorticoids and phenytoin cause a delay in shelf elevation,
      and this delay is promoted by fetal membranes and the tongue. However, the cells
      of the medial edge epithelium are programmed to die whether contact is made with
      the apposing shelf or not. Glucocorticoids and phenytoin interfere with this
      programmed cell death, and this interference by both drugs seems to be a
      glucocorticoid receptor mediated event, to require protein synthesis and to be
      related to arachidonic acid release.

PMID- 3885249
TI  - Stabilization of tissue architecture: involvement of the extracellular matrix.

PMID- 3885250
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of pepsinogen I and II in the human stomach.
AB  - An immunoperoxidase method using antisera specific for PG I and PG II was
      developed to assess PG-containing cells in the human stomach. Fundus-chief cells
      contained abundant PG I and less PG II. Mucus neck cells stained more frequently
      with anti-PG I, while antral gland cells stained only with anti-PG II. In
      adenocarcinoma of the corpus, isolated glands faintly staining with anti-PG I or
      anti-PG II were observed. In dense tumorous tissue no anti-PG I activity could be
      observed, while PG II sometimes remained present in residual antral glands, even
      in areas of heavy tumor infiltration. Focal PG II activity was also clearly
      demonstrated in some antral tumor cells. The immunoperoxidase technique described
      is suitable for further detailed studies of normal and pathological conditions of
      the gastric mucosa.

PMID- 3885251
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative determinations of pepsinogen I in gastric cancer and
      premalignant changes of the stomach.
AB  - Previous studies in rats have shown that stomach carcinogens cause a decrease of
      total pepsinogen content and a decrease of the fastest pepsinogen isozymogen in
      gastric mucosa before the appearance of carcinoma. In man the presence of Pg 5,
      and in particular a strong Pg 5, appears to be associated with gastric cancer.
      Low serum PG I levels were found in patients with gastric cancer, atrophic
      gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and gastric polyp. In this chapter we review the
      literature and report our results of PG I isozymogen and serum PG I
      determinations in 500 patients with various gastric disorders. It is concluded
      that premalignant changes of the stomach are associated with the presence of a
      strong Pg 5 isozymogen and with a low serum PG I level.

PMID- 3885252
TI  - Pepsinogens and other physiologic markers in genetic studies of peptic ulcer and
      related disorders.

PMID- 3885253
TI  - Genetic markers and severity of duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 3885254
TI  - Heterogeneous origin of hyperacidity in duodenal ulcer.
AB  - Recent advances in the medical therapy of duodenal ulcer support the long held
      concept that acid hypersecretion is an important pathophysiological abnormality
      in the majority of patients with duodenal ulcer. The origin of acid
      hypersecretion is heterogeneous (Table 1). Certain specific physiologic
      abnormalities that lead to acid hypersecretion may have a genetic basis. The
      various physiologic abnormalities, alone or in combination, may lead to two final
      common pathways: abnormally large meal-stimulated and nocturnal acid secretion.
      Indeed, the success of medical therapy aimed at the control of postprandial acid
      secretion alone or that of nocturnal acid secretion alone strongly support the
      significance of these two final acid hypersecretory pathways.

PMID- 3885255
TI  - Enzymology of carbonyl metabolism 2. Aldehyde dehydrogenase, aldo-ketoreductase,
      and alcohol dehydrogenase. Proceedings of an international workshop. Kingston,
      Ontario, Canada, July 1-4, 1984.

PMID- 3885256
TI  - The liver alcohol dehydrogenase catalytic mechanism circa 1984.

PMID- 3885257
TI  - Native and carboxymethylated horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase: electrostatic
      fields and the Pauling strain-distortion hypothesis.

PMID- 3885258
TI  - The interaction of catalytic metal ions and ionizing groups in equilibrium
      studies and in transient intermediates of metal-substituted alcohol
      dehydrogenases.
AB  - The step of ternary complex interconversion in the reaction catalyzed by horse
      liver alcohol dehydrogenase has been resolved into five distinct molecular
      species with the aid of metal-substitution studies in combination with rapid
      scanning spectrophotometry. A correlation with electronic absorption spectra at
      equilibrium provides structural insights into these intermediates. In contrast to
      NADH, NAD+ only leads to a conformational change of the protein when a negative
      charge has been created in the vicinity of the catalytic metal ion. This paper
      presents also a reevaluation of previous assignments of catalytically important
      groups in the light of some recent results.

PMID- 3885259
TI  - Purification and characterization of human liver beta 1 beta 1, beta 2 beta 2 and
      beta Ind beta Ind alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes.
AB  - Mammalian alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) are dimeric molecules and
      electrophoretically distinct isoenzymes appear in human liver. They arise from
      the combination of different subunits produced at five separate gene loci and
      polymorphic subunits are produced at two of the loci. Three different homodimeric
      alloenzymes, beta 1 beta 1, beta 2 beta 2 and beta Ind beta Ind, that are
      assigned to the ADH2 gene have been purified to homogeneity, and the study of
      their kinetic properties has revealed striking differences among them. Whereas
      the pH-optimum for ethanol oxidation of beta 1 beta 1 is 10.0-10.5, that of beta
      2 beta 2 is 8.5-8.8 and that of beta Ind beta Ind is 7.0-7.2. The Km of beta 1
      beta 1 for ethanol at pH 7.5 is low, 49 microM, in contrast to values for beta 2
      beta +2 and beta Ind beta Ind, 0.94 and 64 mM. Km and Ki values for NAD are 7.4
      and 90 microM for beta 1 beta 1, 180 and 340 microM for beta 2 beta 2 and 490 and
      1300 microM for beta Ind beta Ind. The activity of beta 1 beta 1 is stimulated by
      40 mM NaCl but that of beta 2 beta 2 is not. Vmax values for ethanol oxidation
      range from 9.2 min-1 for beta 1 beta 1 to 400 and 560 min-1 for beta 2 beta 2 and
      beta Ind beta Ind. Both beta 1 beta 1 and beta 2 beta 2 are inactivated by
      iodoacetate with the formation of one S-carboxymethylcysteine per subunit;
      however, the second-order rate constant for inactivation of beta 1 beta 1 is four
      times that of beta 2 beta 2. These differences in the properties of beta 1 beta 1
      and beta 2 beta 2 are consistent with the recently reported substitution of His
      in beta 2 for Arg 47 in beta 1 at the anion binding center of the active site.
      The active site sequence of the beta Ind subunit has not yet been determined.

PMID- 3885260
TI  - Some properties of the 'low-Km' aldehyde reductase from ox brain.

PMID- 3885261
TI  - Reaction of pig kidney aldehyde reductase with the coenzyme analogue 5'-p
      fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine.
AB  - The kinetics of the interaction between the affinity label 5'-p
      fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine (FSBA) and the 'high Km' form of aldehyde
      reductase have been studied. The results of this investigation indicate the
      reaction to fulfill two of the major criteria of true affinity labelling (see
      Colman 1983), namely, that the reaction follows saturation kinetics, indicating
      the initial formation of a reversible enzyme-inhibitor complex, analagous to the
      enzyme-substrate complex, prior to the irreversible modification step, and that
      the interaction may be prevented specifically by the ligand (coenzyme in this
      case) which normally occupies the site towards which the label is directed. The
      amino acid(s) which binds covalently FSBA would thus be expected to be present
      within the coenzyme binding site of aldehyde reductase. The identification of the
      residue(s) attacked by this compound is currently under investigation.

PMID- 3885262
TI  - Discrimination of multiforms of diacetyl reductase in hamster liver.

PMID- 3885263
TI  - Aldehyde dehydrogenases.

PMID- 3885265
TI  - Development of antibody-mediated extraction followed by GC/MS (antibody/GC/MS)
      and its application to iloprost determination in plasma.
AB  - A new analytical principle has been developed combining the features of both
      radioimmunoassay and GC/MS. Its application in eicosanoid analysis was tested
      with the prostacyclin analogue, iloprost. The iloprost antibody, generally
      employed in RIA measurements, was coupled to Sepharose 4B and used as stationary
      phase for extraction of the drug. Variations in recovery were corrected by using
      deuterated iloprost as an internal standard. The samples were derivatized and
      quantitated by negative-ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry.
      Reproducibility was 2.3 % at the 50 pg/ml level and the limit of detection was 5
      pg for 1 ml samples. With plasma volumes of up to 20 ml, 0.25 pg/ml could be
      determined. Antibody/GC/MS proved superior to radioimmunoassay due to its higher
      specificity and sensitivity and superior to GC/MS with conventional clean-up
      procedures because of a higher sample capacity.

PMID- 3885264
TI  - The stable prostacyclin analogue iloprost alleviates cardiovascular symptoms of
      systemic anaphylaxis in anaesthetized cats.

PMID- 3885266
TI  - The usefulness, in pharmacological classification, of complementary pattern
      recognition techniques and structure modelling as afforded by the iterative
      collation of multiple-trial data in data banks.
AB  - In this emerging information age no significant limits can be envisaged to the
      immense resources of knowledge that pharmacological sciences can draw upon by
      systematically applying multivariate pattern-recognition techniques to those data
      banks which can be organized internationally with better standardization of
      descriptors, i.e. by parametrizing observations and evaluating monitoring in
      experimental, biological assays, clinical trials and postmarketing surveillance.
      Even conventionally or habitually adopted references and communalities such as
      traditional drug profiles and receptor models may be iteratively re-checked and
      suitably adapted so as to take account of more adequate, up-to-date analytical
      techniques, fresh biological ideas and new advances in terms of physiological
      refinements. An attempt may also be made to modify the chemicophysical
      relationships and patterns currently traced on the basis of what are held to be
      quantitative structure-activity oversimplifications. The present paper focuses
      upon specifying a number of standardization criteria in conventional assays and
      upon submitting multiple biological features to monitoring; in addition, it gives
      some picture of the new trends the approach can offer and draws attention to the
      more relevant, innovative literature references.

PMID- 3885267
TI  - Noise transfer in screen-film subtraction radiography.
AB  - The transfer of noise through the stages of a screen-film subtraction process was
      investigated. In particular the effect of measuring aperture size and film
      density on the measured noise granularity was studied. The relative contributions
      of quantum noise and film grain noise were found to depend on both aperture and
      density. Noise measurements are presented for a medium speed screen-film
      combination and also for a low noise alpha 16-Kodak Industrex C system. The
      effect of grain mottle and film blur on noise transfer through the multiple print
      process employed in subtraction radiography is demonstrated.

PMID- 3885268
TI  - Ultrasonic protocols for separately measuring subcutaneous fat and skeletal
      muscle thickness in the calf area.
AB  - Information regarding the use of brightness-mode (B-mode) ultrasound for
      separately measuring the thickness of subcutaneous fat and skeletal muscle in the
      calf area was evaluated. Subjects were volunteers, 32 men and 32 women college
      students. Fat was measured with skinfold calipers and B-mode ultrasound. We used
      calf circumference and B-mode ultrasound simultaneously to assess muscle size.
      Ultrasonic measurements of both fat and muscle were repeated within 30 minutes to
      evaluate reliability. Men were 24 percent heavier than women but had a thinner
      fat layer as measured by skinfolds (49%) and ultrasound (29%). Men also had a
      relatively larger calf muscle as assessed by circumference (7%) and ultrasound
      (29%). Intraclass correlation coefficients were no less than .99 for repeated
      ultrasonic measurements of both fat and muscle for men and women; therefore,
      these procedures are reliable for at least a short period of time. Associations
      between skinfolds and fat sonograms were high in men (r = .87) and moderate in
      women (r = .50). Associations between circumferences and muscle sonograms were
      moderately high in both men (r = .80) and women (r = .76). All four associations
      were statistically significant (p less than .05).

PMID- 3885269
TI  - Evaluating research literature: the educated clinician.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to present a framework for reader evaluation of
      research literature. The elements of a research article are outlined by citing
      examples from the January 1984 issue of Physical Therapy. We present concrete
      suggestions that clinicians can use to develop competence in evaluating research
      literature and include an annotated bibliography of research references. Better
      patient care and increased professional growth will result when clinicians learn
      to evaluate and make use of the research literature.

PMID- 3885270
TI  - Quenching of tryptophan phosphorescence in alcohol dehydrogenase from horse liver
      and its temperature dependence.

PMID- 3885271
TI  - Absorption, transport, and hepatic metabolism of copper and zinc: special
      reference to metallothionein and ceruloplasmin.

PMID- 3885272
TI  - Metabolism during fetal life: a functional assessment of metabolic development.

PMID- 3885273
TI  - Renal handling of phosphate.

PMID- 3885275
TI  - The rat in biomedical research.

PMID- 3885274
TI  - The first American-based Handbook of Physiology.

PMID- 3885276
TI  - Pharyngoesophageal reconstruction using a fabricated forearm free flap.
AB  - A new microsurgical alternative in reconstruction of the pharynx and cervical
      esophagus is reported. A trapezoidal forearm flap is fabricated into an inverted
      skin tube and placed in the pharyngoesophageal defect. Although microvascular
      anastomoses are required to revascularize the transferred forearm flap, the long
      and large nutrient vessels of the flap make anastomoses easy and reliable. None
      of our 12 patients demonstrated any necrosis of the transferred flap. This one
      stage, less invasive operation for pharyngoesophageal reconstruction greatly
      benefits older persons, who are the more likely to be involved with
      pharyngoesophageal carcinomas.

PMID- 3885277
TI  - Five-year history of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons,
      1979-1983.

PMID- 3885278
TI  - A new system of dermatomes.
AB  - A new system for tangential excision (deepidermization, debridement, and graft
      harvesting) was devised and clinically tested. The system comprises three sizes
      of dermatomes for use in all body areas and tangential excision purposes. We
      trust that the presented system will offer the surgeon new possibilities and
      access and will facilitate the currently used procedures.

PMID- 3885279
TI  - Thin lips.

PMID- 3885280
TI  - [The psychoneurologic scientific school of Georgi Usunov (1904-1971)].
AB  - Directed by his own determination of the concept's scientific school', the author
      has studied the creation and the achievements of one of the scientific schools in
      the Bulgarian neurology and psychiatry. The preconditions for creating the
      school, the development of its leader, the characteristics of the personality G.
      Uzunov's style of work and his view of life, the main directions of his
      scientific works, the members and the problems of the scientific team, the
      national and international significance of the school are examined. The
      importance of succesion is underlined, the influence of the German and the
      Russian psychiatric schools is investigated.

PMID- 3885281
TI  - Binocular mechanisms mediating crossed and uncrossed stereopsis.

PMID- 3885282
TI  - Much ado about the full moon: a meta-analysis of lunar-lunacy research.

PMID- 3885283
TI  - Relationship between hypnotic susceptibility, fear of failure and need for
      achievement.

PMID- 3885284
TI  - Test-retest reliability of the Hand Test with institutionalized mentally retarded
      adults.

PMID- 3885285
TI  - Psychology of scientist: XLX. Frequently cited research on human aggression.

PMID- 3885286
TI  - Response to meditation in terms of physiological, behavioural and self-report
      measures: a brief summary.

PMID- 3885287
TI  - Carbamazepine in bipolar illness.

PMID- 3885288
TI  - Attrition and its consequences in a clinical trial of placebo, imipramine, and
      phenelzine.

PMID- 3885289
TI  - A comparison of the clinical effects of bromperidol, a new butyrophenone
      derivative, and haloperidol on schizophrenia using a double-blind technique.

PMID- 3885290
TI  - Neuroleptic-related dyskinesias in autistic children: a prospective study.

PMID- 3885291
TI  - Amino acid precursors for the treatment of attention deficit disorder, residual
      type.

PMID- 3885292
TI  - A controlled trial of clomipramine in childhood obsessive compulsive disorder.

PMID- 3885293
TI  - Carbamazepine and lithium: different profiles in affective disorder?

PMID- 3885294
TI  - A controlled study of the effects of antidepressants on sexual function.

PMID- 3885295
TI  - Brotizolam in the treatment of insomnia.

PMID- 3885296
TI  - Plasma catecholamines in patients with acute myocardial infarction and in cardiac
      arrest.
AB  - Plasma catecholamine concentrations in cardiac arrest (ventricular fibrillation
      and asystole) are significantly higher than after myocardial infarction. The
      levels reached are well above those normally required to stimulate cardiac
      activity. Possible reasons for the failure of the myocardium to respond to the
      catecholamines are discussed and the rationale for giving more catecholamines is
      questioned.

PMID- 3885298
TI  - Effects of mixed neutron-gamma total-body irradiation on physical activity
      performance of rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Behavioral incapacitation for a physical activity task and its relationship to
      emesis and survival time following exposure to ionizing radiation were evaluated
      in 39 male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Subjects were trained to perform a
      shock avoidance activity task for 6 hr on a 10-min work/5-min rest schedule in a
      nonmotorized physical activity wheel. Following stabilization of performance,
      each subject received a single, pulsed dose of mixed neutron-gamma, whole-body
      radiation (n/gamma = 3.0) ranging between 1274 and 4862 rad. Performance testing
      was started 45 sec after exposure. A dose-response function for early transient
      incapacitation (ETI) during the first 2 hr after irradiation was fitted, and the
      median effective dose (ED50) was calculated to be 1982 rad. More subjects
      experienced both incapacitation and emesis in this study than has been reported
      for other behavioral tasks in similar radiation fields. Analysis done on the
      relationship of dose to ETI, emesis, and survival time found (a) a significant
      relationship between the radiation dose and the number and duration of ETIs; (b)
      no correlation between emesis and dose, survival time, or ETI; (c) no relation
      between survival time and ETI at any dose; and (d) no significant difference in
      survival time for dose groups between 1766 +/- 9 (SEM) and 2308 +/- 23 rad.

PMID- 3885297
TI  - Familiar hyperkalaemic acidosis.
AB  - We evaluated a 26-year-old man with hyperkalaemic acidosis, apparently inherited
      as an autosomal dominant trait. Type II pseudohypoaldosteronism was suggested by
      normal aldosterone production and renal sodium conservation. The cause of
      acidosis in this syndrome is unknown. Both urinary ammonium excretion and
      bicarbonate threshold were low during hyperkalaemia. After correcting the
      hyperkalaemia ammonium excretion was normal, but bicarbonate threshold remained
      low. Maximum bicarbonate reabsorption, urine to blood pCO2 gradients, and minimum
      urine pH were normal. These findings suggest that hyperkalaemia might contribute
      to the acidosis by limiting urinary buffer, but that the primary defect is
      reduced mineralocorticoid effect on hydrogen ion secretion. When the poorly
      reabsorbed anion, sulphate, was infused, hydrogen ion and potassium secretion
      were normal. When the relatively reabsorbable anion, chloride, was infused,
      potassium secretion was decreased. These findings suggest that the attenuated
      mineralocorticoid effect on hydrogen ion secretion is due to increased
      reabsorptive avidity for chloride in the distal nephron. To determine if this
      defect caused resistance to mineralocorticoid we increased mineralocorticoid by
      dietary sodium restriction and later administered desoxycorticosterone and
      fludrocortisone. Both endogenous and exogenous mineralocorticoid caused increased
      net acid excretion and corrected the acidosis, indicating no resistance to
      mineralocorticoid. Hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg daily promptly corrected the
      acidosis and the hyperkalaemia by increased urinary potassium excretion. We
      conclude that the acidosis of type II pseudohypoaldosteronism is due in part to
      attenuation of the voltage-dependent moiety of mineralocorticoid-driven
      acidification caused by enhanced distal chloride reabsorption. Suppression of
      ammoniagenesis by hyperkalaemia exaggerates the acidosis. The acidosis and
      hyperkalemia are corrected by hydrochlorothiazide.

PMID- 3885299
TI  - Hepatic injury after whole-liver irradiation in the rat.
AB  - Radiation-induced hepatic injury in rats, which is characterized by marked
      ascites accompanied by liver necrosis, fibrosis, and vein lesions, is described
      in this study. These adverse sequelae are produced within 30 days after
      irradiation if there is surgical removal of two-thirds of the liver immediately
      after whole-liver irradiation. The LD50/30 day and median survival time after
      liver irradiation and two-thirds partial hepatectomy is 24 Gy and 17 days,
      respectively. Death is preceded by reduction in liver function as measured by
      [131I]-labeled rose bengal clearance. Prior to death, liver sepsis and
      endotoxemia were detected in most irradiated, partially hepatectomized animals.
      Pretreatment of the animals with endotoxin and/or antibiotic decontamination of
      the GI tract, which increase the host resistance to infection and endotoxemia,
      resulted in increased survival time, but no irradiated, partially hepatectomized
      animal survived beyond 63 days. The combination of these treatments resulted in
      additive effects leading to 38% survival at 100 days. These treatments did not,
      however, prevent the eventual development of radiation-induced liver pathology.
      This suggests that sepsis and endotoxemia resulting from the bacteria in the
      intestine are the immediate cause of death after 30-Gy liver irradiation and
      partial hepatectomy. It is concluded that the hepatectomized rat model is an
      economical and scientifically manageable experimental system to study a form of
      radiation hepatitis that occurs in compromised human livers.

PMID- 3885300
TI  - Theory of survival of bacteria exposed to ionizing radiation. I. X and gamma
      rays.
AB  - A new model for the survival of bacteria exposed to ionizing radiation is
      constructed in the framework of a target theory based on microdosimetric
      concepts, where single- and double-strand breaks of DNA and their repair in vivo
      can be described consistently in terms of the microdosimetric quantity j (number
      of effective primary events per track per target). In this model, the ability of
      cells to repair DNA damage is taken into consideration in terms of the repair
      capacities for single- and double-strand breaks of DNA, xi 1 and xi 2 (0 less
      than or equal to xi 1, xi 2 less than or equal to 1). To apply this model to
      Escherichia coli K-12 strains with different repair abilities, values of the
      repair capacity for single-strand breaks, xi 1, were derived from experimental
      survival curves. The theoretical survival curves for 60Co gamma rays were found
      to be effectively insensitive to the value of xi 2. Experimental survival curves
      for the wild-type, uvr, and rec strains of E. coli K-12 were well reproduced in
      this model. From these results, it is concluded that the theoretical formulation
      for the survival fraction of bacteria can afford a quantitative method for
      analysis of the repair process for radiation-induced single-strand breaks in DNA
      in vivo.

PMID- 3885301
TI  - Market-based strategic planning for radiologic technology.
AB  - Recent efforts by the federal government (eg, the initiation of a prospective
      payment system for inpatient Medicare patients) suggest a potentially significant
      change in health care policy. In response, health care institutions are actively
      engaging in the development of long-range strategic plans that will enable them
      to survive in a changing environment. This article explains how radiologic
      technology can use the process of market-based planning to help the profession
      now and in the future.

PMID- 3885302
TI  - Self-limiting extravasation in the unused urinary bladder.
AB  - Patients being evaluated as potential renal transplant recipients routinely
      undergo voiding cystourethrography. Eight patients were encountered in whom
      extraperitoneal extravasation was noted from the region of the ureterovesical
      junction during voiding (seven patients) or during filling (one patient).
      Extravasation was bilateral in six patients and unilateral in two. The patients
      neither experienced symptoms related to the extravasation, required treatment,
      nor had sequelae. Five of the eight patients have subsequently received renal
      transplants and their bladders were observed to be normal at surgery. Cystoscopy
      was also performed in two of these five patients and was unremarkable. After
      transplantation, these patients' bladders functioned normally and gave rise to no
      symptoms.

PMID- 3885303
TI  - Histiocytic reaction to hip arthroplasty.
AB  - Pain secondary to loosening of a total hip prosthesis is a common complaint and a
      major complication after surgery. Periprosthetic lucency is a well-recognized
      result of loosening of the prosthesis and of infection. We describe histiocytic
      proliferation as an additional cause of periprosthetic lucency and lytic change
      in two patients. To our knowledge, this has not been previously reported in the
      radiological literature.

PMID- 3885304
TI  - Mycotic aneurysms in intravenous drug abusers: the utility of intravenous digital
      subtraction angiography.
AB  - Two-hundred thirteen intravenous digital subtraction angiographic (DSA)
      examinations were performed on 195 intravenous drug abusers to rule out the
      possibility of a mycotic aneurysm in a groin, neck, or upper extremity infection.
      Twenty-three surgically proved cases of mycotic aneurysm were correctly
      identified with no false positive results. In addition, six cases of major venous
      occlusion were documented. We present the results of our experience and conclude
      that DSA is an effective and cost-efficient method of examining this high risk
      patient population.

PMID- 3885305
TI  - Simple renal cysts in infants.
AB  - Two cases of renal cysts in infants less than one year of age are presented. In
      both instances percutaneous puncture of the cyst aided in establishing the
      diagnosis without the need for an operative procedure.

PMID- 3885306
TI  - Partial splenic embolization in children with hypersplenism.
AB  - Partial splenic embolization (PSE) was successfully accomplished in 10 of 11
      children, aged 2-9, who had portal hypertension or variceal bleeding. Nine of the
      11 children had undergone portoenterostomy (Kasai operation) for biliary atresia,
      and two had portal vein thrombosis. After embolization these children had a
      longer period of fever (mean = 23.7 days) and elevated white blood cell (WBC)
      count (above 10,000, mean = 13.6 days) than adults who have undergone the same
      procedure. The leukopenia and thrombocytopenia of hypersplenism were corrected by
      PSE in seven of eight children, and the condition of the eighth child improved.
      Among ten patients who had experienced episodes of variceal hemorrhage, the
      frequency of bleeding episodes was reduced from an average of 2.87 per year
      before PSE to 0.67 per year after PSE. There were no splenic abscesses and no
      other significant complications of the treatment. Ultrasound (US) evaluation
      after embolization demonstrated hypoechogenicity of the infarcted areas and tiny,
      linear echoes scattered throughout the spleen typical of postinfarction
      intravascular gas. All nine children who underwent follow-up Tc-99m sulfur
      colloid scanning showed evidence of splenic regeneration, though none has had
      recurrence of clinical symptoms. Splenic regeneration following PSE may occur
      more frequently in children than in adults.

PMID- 3885307
TI  - Brain edema: ultrasound examination.
AB  - Sonographic examination of the brain in 10 patients who had cortical mass lesions
      was performed. Results were compared with findings of CT. In each case, brain
      edema surrounded the lesion, and the adjacent white matter had a diffusely echo
      genic appearance that corresponded to the area of brain edema seen on CT.

PMID- 3885308
TI  - Intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography of the spinal cord.
AB  - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of the spinal cord was performed in 6
      patients using selective intra-arterial injections of contrast material. Two
      arteriovenous malformations of the spinal cord, 1 dural fistula, and 1 case of
      multiple hemangioblastomas were studied. Contrast and spatial resolution were
      satisfactory for defining normal and abnormal vascularity while reducing
      examination time, contrast dosage, patient discomfort, and film cost. The only
      significant limitation was misregistration artifacts seen on lateral views
      encompassing the diaphragm.

PMID- 3885309
TI  - Intrauterine growth retardation: evaluation by magnetic resonance. Work in
      progress.
AB  - Eleven high risk fetuses between 32 and 37 menstrual weeks gestational age were
      examined by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Serial obstetrical sonograms, birth
      weights, and serial postnatal examinations were obtained in all subjects.
      Sagittal MR spin echo images obtained using TR = 0.5 sec and TE = 28 msec were
      useful for assessing subcutaneous fat. Prospective estimates of fetal fat stores
      correlated with neonatal outcome better than sonographic measurements of fetal
      growth parameters or actual birth weight. MR appears to be a safe and useful
      technique that offers information complementary to obstetrical sonography when
      IUGR is suspected.

PMID- 3885310
TI  - Peripheral pulmonary lesions: ultrasonography and ultrasonically guided
      aspiration biopsy.
AB  - Twenty-five patients, each of whom had peripheral intrathoracic lesions that were
      smaller than 5.0 X 5.0 cm in size and not diagnosed by conventional methods,
      underwent real-time sonography and ultrasonically guided aspiration biopsy. The
      lesions included 18 nodules, two infiltrates, and five cavitary lesions.
      Sonography showed homogeneous hypoechoic or isoechoic density with well-defined
      margins in 16 of the nodules, and heterogeneous echogenicity with irregular
      margins in infiltrates. The cavitary lesions showed a hyperechoic ring with a
      central sonolucent area. Biopsy specimens were successfully obtained by
      percutaneous aspiration under ultrasound guidance in 24 (96%) of the patients,
      and a positive diagnosis was established in 21 (84%) by cytology and/or
      histology. All 17 malignant lesions were diagnosed by aspiration biopsy, while
      only four of seven benign lesions were diagnosed by this method. Two patients
      (8%) experienced minimal pneumothorax after aspiration biopsy. We conclude that
      real-time sonography, including ultrasonically guided aspiration biopsy, is a
      useful and safe method for examination of peripheral intrathoracic lesions and
      has a high diagnostic yield.

PMID- 3885311
TI  - Ultrasound prediction of fetal lung maturity.
AB  - Amniocentesis for determination of fetal lung maturity and ultrasonographic (US)
      evaluation of the biparietal diameter (BPD) and placental grade were performed
      simultaneously in 261 nondiabetic pregnant women. A BPD of at least 9.3 cm and a
      grade 3 placenta were evaluated as predictors of fetal lung maturity using
      amniotic fluid phospholipids as indicators of a mature lung profile. The ability
      of the sonographic parameters to predict fetal lung maturity was closely related
      to menstrual age. Before 37 weeks, the false-positive prediction rate using a
      grade 3 placenta was 100%, and the false-positive prediction using the BPD was
      85.6%. After 37 weeks, the false-positive rate using a grade 3 placenta was 5.9%,
      and the false-positive rate using the BPD was 9.5%. Thus menstrual age, and not
      these two US parameters, dictated fetal lung maturity. The authors conclude that
      the best use of US for predicting fetal lung maturity is in establishing
      menstrual age early in pregnancy.

PMID- 3885312
TI  - Prediction of fetal lung maturity: inaccuracy of study using conventional
      ultrasound instruments.
AB  - The ability of three ultrasound (US) parameters--echogenicity, texture, and
      through transmission--to predict fetal lung maturity was tested in 59 patients
      using currently available clinical US equipment. The chi square test was used to
      determine whether there was an association between any single parameter and a
      "mature" lecithin/sphingomyelin (LS) ratio or specific phosphatidycholine (SPC).
      Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the combined ability of
      these three parameters and gestational age to predict LS ratio and SPC. There was
      no correlation between fetal lung maturity, as determined by mature LS and SPC
      indices, and the US parameters tested using unmodified clinical equipment.

PMID- 3885313
TI  - Cystic ovarian teratomas: the sonographic appearance of the dermoid plug.
AB  - The sonographic and pathological appearance of 13 cystic ovarian teratomas was
      reviewed. Twelve contained at least one mural nodule (dermoid plug) and one was
      completely cystic. Altogether there were 15 dermoid plugs, varying in consistency
      from homogeneous solid tissue to cystic. More than half were associated with hair
      and/or calcium. The nodules were round, ranged from 1 1/2 to 4 cm, formed an
      acute angle with the wall of the cyst, and tended to be entirely or predominantly
      hyperechoic. The authors suggest that most cystic teratomas contain dermoid plugs
      having a characteristic shape and hyperechoic pattern.

PMID- 3885314
TI  - Intratesticular adrenal rests diagnosed by ultrasound.
AB  - Adrenal rest tumors of the testes may occur in conditions associated with
      increased circulating adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), including congenital
      adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and Addison disease. Sonographically, these tumors
      appear as multiple round, hypoechoic nodules near the testicular hilus and are
      usually bilateral. They may undergo extensive fibrosis and become hyperechoic
      with acoustic shadowing. In the absence of excess ACTH or characteristic
      ultrasound findings, biopsy is recommended to exclude malignancy. Because
      malignant degeneration is very rare, close clinical and sonographic follow-up
      without biopsy is generally sufficient. Serial sonograms are useful to document
      stability or regression of tumor size during glucocorticoid replacement therapy.

PMID- 3885315
TI  - Left ventricular border recognition using a dynamic search algorithm.
AB  - Initial results obtained with a simple, fully automated algorithm for detection
      of left ventricular boundaries are presented. The strength of this approach is
      the use of dynamic programming search techniques, which allow determination of
      local border points to be influenced by the entire global border location. The
      relative contributions of mask mode subtraction and the dynamic search technique
      are evaluated with respect to accurate border definition. These computer
      determined ventricular borders are compared with hand-traced borders on
      subtracted and unsubtracted images. The modular dynamic search algorithm is shown
      to perform better than previously described algorithms, which generally require
      operator interaction. It is also shown that for both manual and automated
      techniques, ventricular borders derived from subtracted images may be
      significantly different from borders derived from nonsubtracted images.

PMID- 3885316
TI  - Iohexol and diatrizoate: comparison in visceral arteriography.
AB  - Iohexol, a low osmolality, nonionic contrast medium, and diatrizoate, a
      conventional, ionic contrast medium, were evaluated for patient tolerance during
      visceral arteriography. Almost all the procedures performed with iohexol were
      painless: most patients given this agent reported only a mild feeling of warmth.
      Diatrizoate produced some pain and a feeling of intense heat in most patients.
      Both media produced excellent radiographic results, and no serious adverse
      reactions occurred.

PMID- 3885317
TI  - Prediction of fetal lung maturity with ultrasound.
AB  - Some of the difficulties in predicting fetal lung maturity with ultrasound are
      briefly reviewed. Technical factors play an important part in determinations of
      fetal lung maturity.

PMID- 3885319
TI  - Re: The central canal of the spinal cord: ultrasonic identification.

PMID- 3885318
TI  - Re: Ultrasonography in assessment of benign appearing breast masses identified by
      mammography.

PMID- 3885320
TI  - Prostaglandins and thromboxane outflow from the perfused mesenteric vascular bed
      in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - To clarify the metabolism of PGE2, prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TxA2)
      in small vessels in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), we removed superior
      mesenteric vascular beds from 10 week old SHR and age matched normotensive
      controls (WKY). The mesenteric artery was perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer
      and samples of effluent collected every 15 minutes during 3 hours perfusion for
      analysis of PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (a stable metabolite of PGI2) and TxB2 (a
      stable metabolite of TxA2) by specific radioimmunoassays. Levels of all three
      arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites, PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TxB2, in the
      mesenteric effluent were significantly reduced in SHR as compared to WKY. TxB2
      was detected in all samples throughout the perfusion. 6-keto-PGF1 alpha/PGE2
      ratios and TxB2/PGE2 ratios were significantly increased in SHR. 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha/TxB2 ratios in the first four samples were significantly decreased in SHR
      as compared to WKY. These data suggest that there may be reduced availability of
      PG precusor AA and unbalanced synthesis of PGs in small vessels in SHR. Both may
      have relevance to the development of hypertension in the animals.

PMID- 3885321
TI  - [25th issue dedicated to medical problems during the occupation under Hitler. On
      the 40th anniversary of the liberation of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration
      camp].

PMID- 3885322
TI  - [Problems of the "Umbrella" medical battalion].

PMID- 3885323
TI  - [Children and war].

PMID- 3885324
TI  - [From Silesia to Yugoslavia].

PMID- 3885325
TI  - [Fragments of reminiscences from Lwow].

PMID- 3885326
TI  - [Dr. Zenon Rozewicz].

PMID- 3885327
TI  - [Captain Jerzy Ryfinski].

PMID- 3885328
TI  - [Dr. Zygmunt Sliwicki].

PMID- 3885329
TI  - [Maria Zazulowa].

PMID- 3885330
TI  - [Dr. Helena Szlapak].

PMID- 3885331
TI  - [Dr. Piotr Tadeusz Weselucha].

PMID- 3885332
TI  - ["Patronat' in Cracow during the occupation (session from the 16th meeting in
      1984)].

PMID- 3885333
TI  - [The past and present of medicine under Hitler].

PMID- 3885334
TI  - [From the correspondence on the Auschwitz issues of Przeglad Lekari (VII)].

PMID- 3885335
TI  - [Psychologico-medical problems of Hitler's concentration camps in Italian
      literature].

PMID- 3885336
TI  - [Medical aspects of concentration and prisoner of war camps in western
      literature].

PMID- 3885337
TI  - [Modern literature on the martyrdom of children].

PMID- 3885338
TI  - [Medical topics on the occupation in Polish publications during 1984].

PMID- 3885340
TI  - [25th issue dedicated to medical problems during the occupation under Hitler.
      Introduction].

PMID- 3885339
TI  - [Contents of the preceding issues of Przeglad Lekarski (Medical Review) devoted
      to medical problems during the occupation under Hitler].

PMID- 3885342
TI  - [Clandestine medical education in Cracow].

PMID- 3885341
TI  - [The Auschwitz dictionary (D). A model].

PMID- 3885343
TI  - [Nursing education of girl scouts in occupied Kielce district].

PMID- 3885344
TI  - [Polish Red Cross hospital for prisoners of war in Cracow].

PMID- 3885345
TI  - [The Women's Division at Auschwitz].

PMID- 3885346
TI  - [Portrait drawing in the Auschwitz concentration camp].

PMID- 3885347
TI  - [Acute hepatic injury caused by the intraportal injection of E. coli in
      sensitized rabbits].

PMID- 3885348
TI  - [Costs and options in tertiary gastroenterologic assistance].

PMID- 3885349
TI  - [Intestinal perforation caused by a fish bone].

PMID- 3885350
TI  - Effects of total body irradiation followed by bone marrow transplantation on the
      disposition kinetics of methotrexate in the rat.
AB  - The effects of total body irradiation followed by bone marrow transplantation on
      the disposition kinetics of intravenously-administered methotrexate have been
      studied in the Wistar-Furth rat. Eight test animals received total body
      irradiation (1000 rads) followed by intravenous administration of 3 X 10(8) bone
      marrow cells per kg body weight. Eight control animals were sham-irradiated and
      received an equal volume of blank suspension medium. One day after these
      treatments each rat received methotrexate (25 mg/kg) by rapid intravenous
      injection and serial blood samples were obtained over a 3 hour period. Serum
      methotrexate concentrations were measured by high performance liquid
      chromatography and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated after NONLIN
      analysis of data. No significant differences were observed in total body
      clearances of test and control animals. As methotrexate in the rat is cleared
      predominantly by renal excretion of unchanged drug, these findings suggest that
      this process is not affected by radiation. Significantly larger volumes of
      distribution were observed in test animals. Increased extent of distribution in
      irradiated animals could be a result of a radiation-induced increase in membrane
      permeability and/or increased blood flow to irradiated areas. Future studies
      should assess the clinical significance of such findings.

PMID- 3885351
TI  - [2 cases of severe aortic regurgitation caused by congenital bicuspid aortic
      valve].

PMID- 3885352
TI  - Hyperbaric diuresis and nocturia--a review.
AB  - Human divers are now able to engage in a multi-day dive to a considerable depth
      using the mixed gas saturation diving technique, however their daily activities
      are somewhat limited in the depth. One of the major problems that has not been
      generally appreciated is the potential for body fluid disturbances at high
      pressure due to the development of a sustained diuresis. In addition, a marked
      nocturia has been observed in recent saturation dives at 26-31 atmospheres
      absolute (ATA), which disturbs divers' sleep during the night. In this review, we
      will briefly discuss the basic characteristics and mechanisms of these
      disturbances of renal functions observed during hyperbaric exposure.

PMID- 3885353
TI  - [The life of Antoine Depage].

PMID- 3885354
TI  - [Symposium on aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. Introduction].

PMID- 3885355
TI  - [Contribution of radiology in the diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms].

PMID- 3885356
TI  - [Renal and urinary sequelae of a marathon race].

PMID- 3885357
TI  - [Joseph-Frederic-Benoit Charriere (1803-1876), Parisian surgical instrument maker
      of Swiss origin].

PMID- 3885358
TI  - [The soldier's Guaridian Angel. Napoleon and modern battlefield surgery].

PMID- 3885359
TI  - [Prenatal echographic diagnosis of urinary tract malformations].

PMID- 3885360
TI  - [Risk of current methods in contraception].

PMID- 3885362
TI  - [French Society of Neurology. List of members (1985)].

PMID- 3885361
TI  - [The concept of cerebral lacunae from 1838 to the present].
AB  - The term lacunae was first used by Dechambre (1838) referring to small cavities
      developed during the process of resorption within cerebral softenings. Some years
      later, lacunae was applied by Durand-Fardel (1843) to small cavities located in
      the basal ganglia and hypothetically attributed to old, healed cerebral
      softenings. Durand-Fardel (1842, 1854) described "l'etat crible" as many round
      small holes ("criblures") always containing a patient blood vessel and located in
      the hemispheric white matter. He believed that "etat crible" was caused by
      mechanical compression of cerebral tissue related to the dilatation of the blood
      cerebral vessels during repetitive cerebral congestion. Chronic dementia or
      delirium were considered as the clinical counterpart of "etat crible". In the
      second half of the XIXth century, the few reports about lacunae were confusing
      due to the imprecise use of the terms "lacunae" and "etat crible". Furthermore,
      some authors described lacunae as sequelae of haemorrhage, others as old
      softenings or both. In the beginning of the XXth century, the masterly work of P.
      Marie (1901) established a clear distinction between the "foyers lacunaires de
      desintegration" and "etat crible" de Durand-Fardel or single perivascular
      dilatation of one of the lenticulo-striate arteries at its entrance into the
      lenticular nucleus or post-mortem charges (cerebral porosity, "etat de fromage de
      gruyere"). He described lacunae as small cerebral softenings caused by occlusion
      of the blood vessels by a "local arteriosclerotic process". However, he also
      stated that some lacunae containing a patent blood vessel were due to a
      perivascular space dilatation destroying the adjacent brain parenchyma by a
      process of "destructive vaginalitis". Marie observed that lacunae were frequently
      clinically asymptomatic, but "that the hemiplegia of the old people was more
      often due to cerebral lacunae than to cerebral haemorrhage or softening". During
      the first half of the XXth century, all the papers devoted to cerebral lacunae
      were in accordance with the work of P. Marie, developing his own's
      contradictions. Many authors emphasized the "destructive vaginalitis way" and
      claimed that lacunae were dilatations of the perivascular spaces. Many other
      authors developed the "softening way" masterfully illustrated by Fisher who
      considered lacunae as small deep infarcts caused by a specific pathological
      process of lipohyalinosis due to arteriolar wall modification by hypertensive
      disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3885363
TI  - Radiology in the diagnosis of splenic abscess.
AB  - Radiologic findings in 20 patients with splenic abscesses were reviewed. Chest
      roentgenograms frequently showed abnormalities which were nonspecific and
      nondiagnostic. Results of barium sulfate studies were normal in 66.7% of patients
      tested. Gas beneath the left side of the diaphragm or within the splenic shadow
      was revealed by abdominal plain film or barium sulfate study in three patients.
      Focal splenic abnormalities were present in 50% of the patients who underwent
      99mTc sulfur colloid scans; in 71.4% of patients who underwent 67Ga scans,
      increased uptake of isotope was seen in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen.
      In only one of six patients who underwent both 99mTc and 67Ga scans did results
      show corresponding abnormalities. Pathologic findings in the left upper quadrant
      of the abdomen were detected by ultrasonography in three of five patients.
      Angiography confirmed splenic abscess in one patient. Abnormal splenic lucencies
      were seen on computed tomography in four patients, although one repeat scan was
      interpreted as normal. Although no one technique consistently detected splenic
      abscesses and data from several studies are combined, computed tomography appears
      the best modality. The diagnosis of splenic abscess and the decision for surgical
      intervention should be based on clinical impressions, even in the absence of
      unequivocal radiologic findings.

PMID- 3885364
TI  - "Contribution to the Question of Pneumotyphus": a discussion of the original
      article by J. Ritter in 1880.
AB  - In 1880, Dr. J. Ritter wrote a classic infectious disease article (originally in
      German) on psittacosis entitled, "Contribution to the Question of Pneumotyphus."
      In this article, Ritter meticulously describes a mini-epidemic--in which three
      individuals died--of seven cases of psittacosis caused by parrots and finches
      caged in the study of his brother's house in Uster, Switzerland. Ritter
      accurately identified the study as the site of the source of infection,
      considered the birds as vectors, and determined both the incubation period and
      the nontransmissability of the disease from human to human. His main differential
      diagnosis was a choice between typhoid and typhus; with pneumonitis being the
      main pathologic finding, he coined the term pneumotyphus. Ritter's article
      elegantly describes the clinical presentation, epidemiology, pathologic findings,
      and natural history of infection due to Chlamydia psittaci. Ritter's astute
      observations and their significance are discussed in this paper.

PMID- 3885365
TI  - Animal models of Reye's syndrome.
AB  - The etiology and pathogenesis of Reye's syndrome, an often-fatal childhood
      disorder, is not completely understood. Although Reye's syndrome is initiated
      with a prodromal viral illness, the viral infection alone is not sufficient to
      cause the syndrome. Interactions of virus with dietary or environmental agents
      such as pesticides, solvents, or drugs may be important in the development of
      Reye's syndrome. The roles of viruses, drugs, or other agents and their
      interactions in causing Reye's syndrome are difficult to study in patients
      because viral infection and ingestion of drugs (or exposure to environmental
      toxins) occur in the prodromal period. An animal model can therefore be useful in
      studying the etiology of Reye's syndrome because in such a model, the etiologic
      factors can be manipulated under controlled conditions. The proposed roles of
      various compounds in the etiology of Reye's syndrome are discussed in relation to
      the application of these compounds for studying Reye's syndrome in various animal
      models. Suggested animal models of Reye's syndrome are reviewed in terms of their
      relevance and eventual contribution toward a better understanding of the disorder
      in humans.

PMID- 3885366
TI  - The global distribution of Lyme disease.
AB  - Erythema chronicum migrans (ECM), the skin lesion characteristic of Lyme disease,
      was first described in Sweden in 1909; subsequently, cases of ECM have been
      reported from at least 19 countries on three continents. In Europe cases have
      occurred within the range of Ixodes ricinus ticks, the recognized vector of ECM
      in Europe, although one case outside this range has been ascribed to mosquito
      bites. In 1970 the first case of ECM acquired in the United States was reported,
      and in 1977, the full symptom complex now called Lyme disease was described. In
      the United States three geographic areas endemic for Lyme disease are recognized:
      the coastal areas of the Northeast; Minnesota and Wisconsin in the Midwest; and
      parts of California, Oregon, and western Nevada in the West. These areas
      correspond to the recognized distribution of Ixodes dammini in the Northeast and
      Midwest and Ixodes pacificus in the West. Isolated cases of illness compatible
      with Lyme disease have, however, been reported from other parts of the United
      States; this suggests that cases may be more widely distributed than is currently
      recognized and that other vectors may be involved. Supporting this suggestion is
      the description in 1982 of Lyme disease in Australia, where none of the currently
      recognized vectors are known to exist, and the report in 1984 that Ambylomma
      americanum ticks can harbor the spirochete that causes Lyme disease. The
      recognition of cases acquired in widely separated parts of the world involving
      multiple vectors suggests that cases may in the future be diagnosed in additional
      areas.

PMID- 3885367
TI  - Lentiviral diseases of sheep and goats: chronic pneumonia leukoencephalomyelitis
      and arthritis.
AB  - This review describes the pathogenesis of a slowly progressive disease complex
      caused by naturally occurring nononcogenic retroviruses in sheep and goats. In
      nature, infections are usually clinically silent, but disease may manifest itself
      after prolonged incubation periods. Clinically, this is seen as dyspnea,
      progressive paralysis, and/or progressive arthritis. In all organs the basic
      lesion is inflammatory with infiltration and proliferation of lymphocytes, plasma
      cells, and macrophages. Other organ-specific pathologic changes such as primary
      demyelination in the central nervous system and degeneration of cartilaginous
      structures in joints accompany inflammation. The viruses infect tissue-specific
      macrophage populations in vivo. Viral replication in these cells is restricted to
      minimal levels but continues indefinitely in the animal as a result of either
      failure to induce specific neutralizing antibodies or antigenic drift when
      neutralizing antibodies develop. Consistent low-grade viral replication sets the
      pace for disease by providing continuous antigenic stimulation for the
      inflammatory cellular immune response or antibodies that localize in the target
      tissues. These cells and immune complexes may have adverse effects on indigenous
      cell populations.

PMID- 3885368
TI  - [The ill-fated delivery and death of Princess Charlotte of England 6 November
      1817].
AB  - What took place following the delivery of princess Charlotte of England's 4 000
      gm stillborn infant? Two hours after manual removal of the placenta she suddenly
      developed malaise and weakness, followed by somnolence then agitation, with
      progressive worsening and death. Professor Dumont comments on the accounts
      describing this event at that time in history and offers a retrospective
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3885369
TI  - [Mycoplasma infection: a disease of reproduction? Apropos of 271 cases].
AB  - We investigated by culture the presence of mycoplasmal infection in all
      reproductive abnormalities. 271 charts were studied, comprising problems of
      sterility with abnormal sperm, cystitis, urethritis, spontaneous abortions, fetal
      death in utero, premature deliveries and small for gestational age fetuses.
      Antimycoplasmal therapy lead to recovery in cases where this infection was the
      only cause, notably in sterility. Is Mycoplasma a risk factor or does it simply
      represent current infection?

PMID- 3885370
TI  - [The Simonton method].

PMID- 3885371
TI  - Differences between plasma and synovial fluid fibronectin.
AB  - Fibronectin is a high molecular weight glycoprotein of plasma and tissue fluids,
      and one of its functions is to opsonise particulate material. Chromatographic and
      electrophoretic analyses showed that the main components of fibronectin are
      biochemically similar in rheumatoid patients' plasma and synovial fluid. But
      synovial fluid fibronectin also contains a slow-moving component seen on two
      dimensional immunoelectrophoresis, suggesting the presence of fibronectin
      complexes. Affinity chromatography provided evidence that these involved IgG, and
      in vitro studies showed that fibronectin influenced the reaction between IgG and
      anti-IgG. Synovial fluid fibronectin is functionally active in binding to gelatin
      in an haemagglutination assay, and it gave a relatively higher degree of
      haemagglutination than did plasma fibronectin, supporting the concept of
      multivalent fibronectin complexes in synovial fluid. These results suggest
      synovial fluid fibronectin may be involved in the opsonic removal of IgG
      containing complexes from synovial fluid.

PMID- 3885372
TI  - Antibodies to rheumatoid arthritis nuclear antigen (RANA) in Japanese patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - We studied antibodies to rheumatoid arthritis nuclear antigen (RANA) by the
      Ouchterlony method in 0.5% agarose plates, using soluble antigen extracted with
      0.25 M sucrose solution from cultured Raji cells. Anti-RANA antibody was found in
      sera from 24 to 40 (60%) patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), from 4 of 20
      (20%) patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and from 2 of 30 (7%)
      healthy controls. When sucrose extracts from BJAB, Ramos, and JM cells were used
      as the cellular antigens, no anti-RANA precipitin lines were detected. Indirect
      immunofluorescence study, using Raji cells or human B lymphocytes transformed by
      EB virus as substrate tissues, demonstrated anti-RANA antibody as fine speckled
      nuclear staining. Although RA patients with positive anti-RANA antibody usually
      had high titers of anti-Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) and anti-viral capsid
      antigen (VCA) IgG antibodies, the Wilcoxon ranks sum test showed no close
      statistical correlation between the presence of anti-RANA antibodies and the
      titers of anti-EBNA or anti-VCA (IgG) antibodies. These data showed that the
      incidence of positivity of anti-RANA antibodies in Japanese RA patients is almost
      the same as that in American and European RA patients.

PMID- 3885373
TI  - [Conventional angiography and digital subtraction angiography in arterial
      occlusive disease of the extracranial branches of cerebral arteries].
AB  - In this paper the advantages and disadvantages of different arteriographic
      methods, i.e. conventional angiography, intraarterial DSA and intravenous DSA,
      are discussed for the purpose of examining the extracranial supraaortic branches.
      The analysis of individual vascular regions in arteriography of the aortic arch
      is assessed. In addiction, the value of i.v. DSA is demonstrated, comparing own
      results with data in the literature. Indications of the three different
      angiographic techniques are outlined.

PMID- 3885374
TI  - [Diagnosis of changes in supra-aortic extracranial vessels with special reference
      to collateral branches--real time sonography, Doppler ultrasound, angiography].
AB  - High-resolution real-time sonography combined with continuous-wave Doppler for
      non-invasive screening of the supraaortal extracranial arteries was performed in
      1133 patients during the last 13 months. The results of these techniques with
      regard to diagnosis of stenosis greater than or equal to 50%, complete occlusions
      and collateralization, are given and compared with 134 cerebral angiograms. The
      diagnostic information obtained can be used to differentiate between potentially
      surgically correctable lesions from those that require other medical therapy.

PMID- 3885375
TI  - [Intravenous digital subtraction angiography in patients with aortic isthmus
      stenoses].
AB  - The authors report on 18 patients with stenoses of the aortic isthmus in whom
      digital subtraction angiography had been carried out. In three patients DSA
      yielded the primary diagnosis of a postductal stenosis of the aortic isthmus. In
      all postoperative patients, restenosis of the aorta could either be excluded or
      confirmed. In three cases with complications after an operation, DSA supplied
      diagnostic information which was decisive for proceeding further. According to
      the authors' experience, intravenous DSA can replace conventional angiography in
      the majority of postoperative controls and in future also in primary diagnosis.

PMID- 3885376
TI  - [Hemangiopericytoma of the liver].
AB  - The haemangiopericytoma is a rare type of vascular tumour. The article reports on
      a case of unusual location in the liver.

PMID- 3885377
TI  - [Joint manifestations of Behcet's disease].

PMID- 3885378
TI  - [Current trends in the treatment of mandibular osteoradionecrosis. Use of a
      sternocleidomastoid osteomyocutaneous flap].
AB  - An osteomusculocutaneous flap using the clavicle, and pedunculated on the
      sternocleidomastoid muscle, was used in two patients to repair loss of post
      radicular mucosa and bone substance. Healing of mucosa and bone consolidation was
      obtained with evidence of production of bone callus on radiography. The
      hypothesis advanced to explain this reconstruction of necrosed mandible is the
      presence of the new vascular supply.

PMID- 3885380
TI  - Marginal adaptation of composite restorations performed in vivo with different
      acid-etch restorative procedures.
AB  - 243 experimental Class V restorations using a chemically cured composite resin
      were inserted in human third molars with the conventional acid-etch restorative
      procedure and with eight modifications of this technique. The teeth were
      extracted following an observation period of 4 months. Sections from each cavity
      were stained and examined for bacteria on the cavity floor. Bacteria in more than
      10% of the sections was used as the criterion for marginal leakage along a
      restoration. Results showed that non-composite resin applied as an intermediary
      layer in etched cavities or as a surface coating of immediately finished and re
      etched restorations, beveling of the margins of preparations, and treatment of
      the etched cavities with the surface-active comonomer NPG-GMA before filling all
      significantly decrease the leakage occurrence in the oral environment. The
      observed differences between the modifications varied considerably but none of
      them was significant, and no additive effects were found.

PMID- 3885379
TI  - Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid with linear IgA deposits in oral mucosa.
AB  - Two patients with severe oral ulcerations and concomitant lesions in the nose,
      eyes and genitals were examined. The immunofluorescence (IFL) studies of buccal
      and genital mucosa revealed that the only deposited immunoglobulin was IgA.
      Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the linear pattern of IgA deposition and
      localized IgA in lamina lucida in both patients. Dapsone 50 mg daily was
      effective in controlling the disease activity partially in the first and
      completely in the second patient. The results suggest that our patients had
      benign mucous membrane pemphigoid (BMMP) was linear IgA deposition but do not
      exclude a mucosal form of a newly recognized bullous skin disease termed linear
      IgA disease.

PMID- 3885381
TI  - The effect of gastric bypass operation on glucose tolerance in obesity.
AB  - A series of variables involved in glucose handling were monitored before and
      after gastric bypass operation for morbid obesity. Blood glucose, insulin, C
      peptide, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and
      gastrin were measured basally and after an oral glucose load. Blood glucose,
      insulin, C-peptide, and PP were also measured after an intravenous glucose load.
      Adrenocortical function was evaluated by measuring plasma cortisol and urinary
      excretion of 17-hydroxy-corticosteroids and 17-ketosteroids. Nine subjects were
      examined before and 3 and 12 months after operation. Glucose tolerance improved
      postoperatively concomitant with decreased basal levels of C-peptide and insulin,
      increased hepatic insulin extraction, and evidence of reduced adrenocortical
      function. Parallel with reduced insulin resistance, support for an increase in
      both insulin secretion and removal was obtained postoperatively. It is concluded
      that the considerable endocrine abnormalities seen in morbid obesity can be
      normalized after gastric bypass operation and weight reduction.

PMID- 3885382
TI  - Bibliography and abstracts on schizophrenia.

PMID- 3885383
TI  - Introduction: the Israeli high-risk study.
AB  - The literature on theories of the etiology of schizophrenia (the "nature-nurture
      dilemma") is reviewed, and the rationale is explicated for a study comparing the
      development and outcome of kibbutz- and town-reared children of schizophrenic
      parents. Various possible outcomes of the kibbutz-rearing experience in
      vulnerable children are discussed. The research team and the time table are
      described.

PMID- 3885384
TI  - Social adjustment and cognitive performance of high-risk children.
AB  - The study children were given two group-administered tests: the Raven's Matrices
      and an arithmetic achievement test. In addition they were observed in their
      classrooms, and also ranked by their classmates in terms of standard sociometric
      measures. The index children tended to perform somewhat more poorly on the
      arithmetic and Raven's Matrices tests than the controls. Classroom observations
      suggested that index cases concentrated more poorly and showed more forms of
      withdrawal behavior than controls; moreover, they had a lower social status, as
      viewed by their peers. The relationship of these findings to prior work is
      discussed, as is the importance of gathering naturalistic observational data.

PMID- 3885385
TI  - [Somatic symptoms in opiate abuse].
AB  - Medical complications of heroin overdose and the diseases of addicts play an
      increasingly important role in the daily routine of hospital medical departments.
      The percentage of drug-related admissions to the Medical Clinic of the University
      Hospital, Zurich, increased from 0.18% to 4.45% between 1972 and 1983. During
      this 12-year period, 492 patients were admitted 569 times because of heroin
      overdose or intoxications combined with other drugs, and 191 drug addicts were
      hospitalized 226 times for a variety of medical problems. Certain complications,
      such as heroin pulmonary edema and talc granulomas of the lung, occur only in
      parenteral drug addiction. Other diseases such as right heart endocarditis,
      Candida-endophthalmitis, septic arthritis and osteomyelitis are almost
      exclusively observed in intravenous drug abusers. Sexually transmitted infections
      and hepatitis B are frequently diagnosed in addicts.

PMID- 3885386
TI  - [Pseudo-Bartter syndrome in diuretics abuse].
AB  - In a 45-year-old woman with chronic hypokalemia, clinical, chemical and
      endocrinological results pointed to Bartter's syndrome as cause of the
      disturbance. By screening the patient's urine twice, positive results for
      furosemide were obtained and we came to the conclusion, that the patient was
      suffering from Pseudo-Bartter's syndrome due to chronic abuse of diuretics.

PMID- 3885387
TI  - [Objectivation of the effect of antitussive agents using tussometry in patients
      with chronic cough].
AB  - The antitussive effect of several antitussive agents has been objectively
      evaluated in patients with chronic stable cough due to bronchial carcinoma,
      pulmonary tuberculosis or chronic obstructive lung disease. The patients received
      the active antitussive drugs or placebo in a double-blind, randomized crossover
      design. The preparations were administered at 10 p.m. and 2 a.m. on 7 consecutive
      nights and no antitussive was given for the following 20 hours. Cough frequency
      and intensity were recorded from 10 p.m. until 6 a.m. The active medications were
      noscapine (30 mg), dextromethorphan (20 mg), dihydrocodeine (30 mg) and codeine
      (20, 30 and 60 mg) at 10 p.m. and 2 a.m. Cough frequency and intensity were
      objectively assessed with a pressure transducer placed over the trachea and
      recorded on a chartrecorder. Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of
      variance and multiple range testing. Noscapine, dextromethorphan, dihydrocodeine
      and codeine (60 mg) significantly (p less than 0.001) reduced the cough frequency
      compared to placebo. They also produced a greater reduction of cough intensity
      than placebo, codeine (20 mg) and codeine (30 mg) (p less than 0.001). The
      duration of action of low-dose codeine (6 hours) was unsatisfactory. Subjective
      preference for dextromethorphan indicates a psychotropic central nervous action
      of this drug not assessed by the measuring device. Noscapine was equally well
      tolerated but more neutral psychologically.

PMID- 3885388
TI  - [Girolamo Cardano and his manuscript "De dentibus" (1562)].

PMID- 3885389
TI  - [Short and long-term follow-up in the treatment of category IV pulp diseases with
      calcium hydroxide].

PMID- 3885390
TI  - [The adhesive bridge--alternative maintenance of dental spaces? A review].

PMID- 3885391
TI  - [Microbiological risks for consumers caused by meat and meat products].

PMID- 3885392
TI  - The aging population: implications for the VA health care system.

PMID- 3885393
TI  - St Kilda: childbirth and the women of Main Street.
AB  - In the nineteenth century in the island of St Kilda, faced with maternal
      mortality which reached 107.1 and excessive neonatal mortality, women went to
      Obe, now Leverburgh, in the island of Harris in the Outer Hebrides to be
      confined, often marooned there for many months due to treacherous seas. Using
      family reconstruction techniques the reproductive history of some of these women
      is traced and these strategies assessed.

PMID- 3885394
TI  - Cyclosporin A binding to calmodulin: a possible site of action on T lymphocytes.
AB  - Cyclosporin A, a potent immunosuppressive agent, has been widely used to treat
      patients with solid organ transplants. Although its precise mechanism of action
      is unknown, it appears to inhibit subsets of T lymphocytes at an early stage in
      cell activation. Fluorescent, fully active derivatives of cyclosporin A and
      calmodulin, a protein that binds calcium and is therefore essential to normal
      cell function, were utilized to demonstrate that cyclosporin A binds to
      calmodulin. Flow cytometry showed that the calmodulin inhibitors R24571 and W-7
      competitively inhibited binding of cyclosporin A to cloned T lymphocytes.
      Cyclosporin A inhibited the calmodulin-dependent activation of phosphodiesterase
      in a dose-dependent manner. Binding of cyclosporin A to calmodulin may prevent
      the latter's role in the activation of the second messengers and enzymes required
      for effective cell proliferation and function in the immune response.

PMID- 3885395
TI  - Electronic databases.
AB  - Electronic databases corresponding to most of the world's currently published
      literature and many other types of information are publicly available through
      online systems. Scientific databases that give references for publications are
      numerous and widely used; scientific numeric databases that are open to the
      public are far fewer and less used. Online retrieval systems are becoming easier
      to use as a result of the introduction of artificial intelligence techniques and
      user-friendly front ends and gateways. Issues related to electronic databases
      include public-private sector competition, transborder data flow, copyright,
      downloading, and the changing roles in database generation and processing.

PMID- 3885396
TI  - Expression of a microinjected porcine class I major histocompatibility complex
      gene in transgenic mice.
AB  - A porcine class I major histocompatibility complex (SLA) gene has been introduced
      into the genome of a C57BL/10 mouse. This transgenic mouse expressed SLA antigen
      on its cell surfaces and transmitted the gene to offspring, in which the gene is
      also expressed. Skin grafts of such transgenic mice were rejected by normal
      C57BL/10 mice, suggesting that the foreign SLA antigen expressed in the
      transgenic mice is recognized as a functional transplantation antigen.

PMID- 3885397
TI  - Role of nuclear medicine in chemotherapy of malignant lesions.
AB  - The major role of nuclear medicine in clinical oncology is in tumor imaging,
      which includes evaluating specific organs or the entire body for the presence of
      tumor. Nuclear medicine studies have been used clinically in the initial
      evaluation of the tumor extent and in the subsequent management of the cancer
      patient to assess response to treatment, to detect early relapse, and to assist
      in making decisions concerning follow-up treatment. Technetium-99m
      macroaggregated albumin perfusion study for intraarterial chemotherapy has been
      helpful in monitoring the catheter tip, providing a map of regional perfusion at
      the capillary level (tumor vascularity), evaluating the degree of arteriovenous
      shunt in tumor bed, and optimizing division of the dose of chemotherapeutic agent
      when bilateral arterial catheters are used. Quantitative and serial radionuclide
      angiocardiography has been useful in assessing doxorubicin (Adriamycin, Adria
      Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio) toxicity, and 67Ga-citrate imaging has been used to
      monitor chemotherapy effect on lungs and kidneys. Radionuclide venography can
      demonstrate suspected thrombus, and the delineation of the vascular anatomy also
      allows proper placement of another catheter for continuous effective
      chemotherapy. Serial bone scans have been the primary modality to assess the
      response of bone metastasis to systemic therapy in breast cancer patients, and
      nuclear hepatic imaging may show tumor response, hepatocellular dysfunction, and
      cholecystitis related to chemotherapeutic agents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3885398
TI  - An update on therapeutic uses of radiotracers in neoplastic disease.
AB  - The key to delivering radiation to a lesion by means of internally administered
      radiopharmaceuticals is specificity of localization (a high lesion-background
      ratio). Factors that may limit this localization are pointed out. Potential
      alteration of the residence time within the lesion and use of radiation
      sensitizing agents may bring new applications for radionuclides in therapy. The
      most common therapeutic applications of radiopharmaceuticals are outlined.

PMID- 3885399
TI  - Contribution of radionuclide imaging to radiation oncology.
AB  - Radionuclide imaging has been helpful to oncologists in the initial evaluation
      and follow-up of patients with primary and metastatic disease. With the
      introduction of ultrasound and computed tomography, there has been some reduction
      in the number of radionuclide imaging procedures. These imaging modalities should
      be used to complement one another. With the introduction of single-photon
      emission computed tomography in clinical nuclear medicine, there will be a
      significant improvement in the sensitivity, accuracy, and quantitative ability to
      detect abnormal lesions. There are intensive efforts in the development of tumor
      imaging using new agents. Specific antibodies for surface tumor antigens can be
      labeled with radioisotopes and used as tools for screening primary tumors and
      metastatic lesions. Therefore, for the present, radionuclide imaging will
      continue to contribute to clinical oncology.

PMID- 3885400
TI  - Quantitative planar thallium-201 stress scintigraphy: a critical evaluation of
      the method.
AB  - The results of quantitative analysis of planar thallium-201 stress scintigraphy
      are superior to those of visual analysis. The increased sensitivity for detection
      of coronary artery disease is associated with maintenance of specificity.
      Consequently, we believe that quantitative analysis is the state-of-the-art for
      planar 201Tl stress scintigraphy. We emphasize that for reliable and reproducible
      results, rigorous quality control and strict adherence to a standardized imaging
      protocol are necessary. An important feature is clarity of display of computer
      data. In our experience, the most important feature for making quantitative
      analysis reliable and accessible for a broader user market is simultaneous
      display of the lower limits of normal with processed patient data. This provides
      a simple visual impression of the degree and extent of abnormal 201Tl
      distribution and kinetics relative to the lower limit of normal.

PMID- 3885401
TI  - Estrogen and androgen receptors in liver: their role in liver disease and
      regeneration.

PMID- 3885402
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and the liver.

PMID- 3885403
TI  - Differing abnormalities in estrogen and androgen and insulin metabolism in
      idiopathic hemochromatosis versus alcoholic liver disease.

PMID- 3885404
TI  - Mechanism of insulin's stimulatory action on glucose transport in the isolated
      rat adipose cell.
AB  - The mechanism by which insulin stimulates glucose transport in the rat adipose
      cell has been shown to be a rapid, reversible, and energy-dependent process.
      Stimulation is achieved by the translocation of glucose transporters from an
      intracellular pool to the plasma membrane where their insertion is ultimately
      responsible for the increase in transport activity. The reversal of this process
      also occurs rapidly at 37 degrees C, with the transporters reappearing in the
      intracellular pool. The overall cycle thus appears as a reversible endocytic
      exocytic process with the endocytic and exocytic steps showing markedly different
      kinetic properties. Studies of the effects of incubation temperature and TRIS
      confirm the existence of an intermediate state in which transporters are
      associated with the plasma membrane but incapable of transporting extracellular
      glucose. This suggests that insulin may act at the level of the plasma membrane
      at the step that results in the exposure of functional glucose transporters. The
      existence of a cAMP-mediated process capable of overriding the actions of insulin
      raises the possibility of a second level of control of glucose transport activity
      the significance of which remains to be assessed. Finally, a third control
      mechanism exists for regulating the absolute number of glucose transporters per
      cell that appears to be specifically affected in certain pathophysiological
      conditions in the rat.

PMID- 3885405
TI  - Simultaneous antepartum testing of twin fetal heart rates.
AB  - Assessment of twin gestation in the antepartum period has been a problem because
      most methods either fail to distinguish twins individually or require serial
      study over several weeks before reaching diagnostic end points. Electronic
      monitoring of the fetal heart rate (FHR) allows individual focus on each twin
      with a high degree of specificity and permits immediate status evaluation. In
      this study 44 sets of twins had simultaneous Doppler monitoring in an outpatient
      testing center. Transducer position was aided by real-time ultrasonic location of
      each fetal heart; 198 tests were satisfactory, each patient receiving 3.9 +/- 2.9
      (mean +/- SD) studies. The rate of unsatisfactory tests was 15.4%, though each
      fetus was satisfactorily tested within one week of delivery. Testing was begun at
      32.9 +/- 2.9 weeks and delivery occurred at 36.8 +/- 2.6 weeks. Perinatal
      mortality was 22.7/1,000, significant morbidity 15.9%, and cesarean section rate
      18.1%. Reactive (R) patterns were seen in 69 fetuses and nonreactive (NR) in 19.
      Although there were no significant differences in gestational age at delivery
      between R and NR groups, (36.9 vs 36.2 wk) NR fetuses had significantly lower
      birth weights and higher rates of neonatal depression, perinatal mortality, and
      retarded intrauterine growth. Similarities in FHR patterns within twin pairs were
      frequently observed (30/44). Twins exhibiting dissimilar patterns had significant
      differences in birth weight and tended to have separate rather than common
      placentas. Simultaneous FHR testing of twins appears to be an effective means of
      providing immediately accessible data on the comparative well-being of each twin.

PMID- 3885406
TI  - Psychiatric disorders in geriatric medical/surgical patients. Part II: Review of
      clinical experience in consultation.
AB  - Of a consecutive series of 1,000 psychiatric consultation requests, 195 were for
      patients 60 years of age or older. The most frequent psychiatric diagnoses
      assigned by the consultant were organic psychiatric and depressive spectrum
      disorders. This communication reviews frequently encountered syndromes and the
      other major clinical issues relevant to geriatric psychiatry and provides
      illustrative cases. The mental status examination is a sensitive diagnostic tool
      that can improve the clinician's diagnostic skills. We conclude that screening
      the elderly medically ill patient for these psychiatric disorders will improve
      patient care and significantly diminish morbidity.

PMID- 3885407
TI  - Effect of alterations of pleural pressure on cardiac output.
AB  - Cardiac output is determined by the interaction of cardiac pump function and the
      mechanical properties of the peripheral circulation that govern venous return.
      Increasing pleural pressure impedes peripheral venous return but aids cardiac
      ejection; on the other hand, decreasing pleural pressure can augment venous
      return but impedes the emptying of the left ventricle, creating an increase in
      aortic pressure. Whether a fall in pleural pressure leads to an increase or
      decrease in cardiac output depends upon the functional state of the heart and its
      sensitivity to changes in afterload. Understanding the effect of pleural pressure
      on cardiac output may lead to the development of therapeutic or diagnostic
      techniques using altered pleural pressure.

PMID- 3885408
TI  - Relapsing polychondritis.
AB  - Relapsing polychondritis is an uncommon disease consisting of inflammation of the
      eyes, inner ears, cardiovascular system, and cartilaginous portions of the
      joints, respiratory tract, and external ear. Cutaneous manifestations are the
      presenting feature in more than 50% of patients. These usually consist of
      erythema, swelling, and pain, reflecting involvement of the underlying cartilage.
      Direct involvement of the skin may occur as vasculitis, lesions resembling
      erythema nodosum, or nonspecific eruptions. The presence of circulating
      antibodies to type II collagen--more against native than denatured collagen--and
      to human fetal cartilage, and the presence of circulating immune complexes
      suggest a primary role for antibody in the pathogenesis of relapsing
      polychondritis. There is no ideal treatment, but systemic corticosteroids and
      dapsone seem most effective.

PMID- 3885409
TI  - Medical consequences of the earthquake of 1886 in Charleston, South Carolina.

PMID- 3885410
TI  - Wuchereria bancrofti in a Haitian immigrant.
AB  - A case of Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis was recently seen in a Haitian
      immigrant in Charleston, SC. The Caribbean area is a known endemic focus for this
      organism. With the increased numbers of immigrants from that area, it is likely
      that other such cases will be seen in the US.

PMID- 3885411
TI  - [Morphofunctional changes in the neuroendocrine system in rheumatism and
      experimental infection of animals with L-forms].

PMID- 3885412
TI  - [Cancer of the gallbladder].

PMID- 3885414
TI  - Intraspinal hemangiopericytomas. Report of two cases and review of the
      literature.
AB  - A description of two cases of intraspinal hemangiopericytoma is given, which join
      the 30 reported to date. The clinical features of this tumor rarely found in the
      CNS are compared with those of the same oncotype found at other sites. Surgical
      treatment is necessary, accompanied by radiotherapy. Spinal tumor embolization
      preoperatively is of benefit.

PMID- 3885413
TI  - Idiopathic scoliosis and the central nervous system: a motor control problem. The
      Harrington lecture, 1983. Scoliosis Research Society.
AB  - An etiologic concept linking an impaired axial motor control system to the
      structural deformity of idiopathic scoliosis (ISc) is proposed. Postural studies
      reveal that during quiet stance, adaptation is marked in conditions associated
      with visual control of sway, particularly of lateral sway; during imposed
      perturbations of the body, destabilized postural reactions are pronounced in
      tests requiring visual-vestibular coupling. Observations of visual and/or
      vestibular generated eye movements indicate ocular instability among a high
      proportion of the ISc. Previously, the authors argued that a direct relationship
      exists between visual and/or vestibular functioning and a disordered axial motor
      system. This was attributed to an aberrant brain stem mechanism. In this
      presentation, however, we propose that a higher level CNS disturbance may be
      responsible for reports of EEG abnormalities, visuo-spatial impairment, motor
      adaptation, and learning deficits. Among the wide range of visual-vestibular
      variables studied, those representing processing of vestibular signals within the
      CNS yield the highest degree of correlation with the magnitude of the curve.
      Moreover, differences in vestibular processing between two subsets of ISc, namely
      ISc with (70%) and without (30%) normal academic achievement are significant.
      Variables referable to both vestibular and visual processing correctly classify
      87% of the ISc with normal academic achievement and 100% of the ISc with a
      history of academic problems. The association between learning deficits, altered
      processing of vestibular information, and ISc suggest a unique syndrome complex,
      and an important role of cortical structures in the etiology of this disorder.
      The presence of a visuo-spatial perceptual impairment may be the common feature
      of ISc. In an attempt to restore perceptual dysfunction (by rearrangement), the
      ISc adopts a new axial and vestibular motor control strategy based upon
      recalibration or reinterpretation of proprioceptive signals arising from the
      axial musculature.

PMID- 3885415
TI  - The evolution of stability in cervical spinal constructs using either autogenous
      bone graft or methylmethacrylate cement. A follow-up report on a canine in vivo
      model.
AB  - Thirty-six adult mongrel dogs underwent either a posterior C4-C5 bone graft or
      methylmethacrylate-cerclage wire construction procedure to simulate the analogous
      human stabilization procedures. The dogs were divided into groups of six and
      allowed to live 1, 2, or 3 months after surgery. At the appropriate time they
      were killed and their C4-C5 spinal segments excised and studied radiologically,
      mechanically, and histologically. In addition, the C4-C5 spinal segments from 15
      other mongrel dogs were excised and either left intact as normal (five) or
      prepared as one of the two constructs (five each) described above. They were also
      tested mechanically to provide immediate postoperative stability data. At some
      time during the first postoperative month the methylmethacrylate constructs lost
      mechanical stability. In addition, fibrous tissue was noted to have grown between
      the posterior laminal surface and the cement mass during this same time.
      Radiologically, loosening was obvious by the second postoperative month. The bone
      graft constructs were mechanically equivalent to or superior to the normal dogs
      by the second postoperative month. Likewise, they were well on their way to solid
      fusion radiologically and histologically by the same time. Impressed by the
      rapidity of deterioration in mechanical stability for the methylmethacrylate
      constructs, the authors further questioned their usefulness in cases of traumatic
      cervical spinal instability. The bone graft constructs continued to appear to be
      a reliable way to achieve ultimate spinal stability.

PMID- 3885417
TI  - Integration of a dominant selectable marker into human chromosomes and transfer
      of marked chromosomes to mouse cells by microcell fusion.
AB  - A method for the production of stable mouse-human cell hybrids containing a
      single human chromosome is described. As a first step in this method, a cloned
      selectable marker, the E. coli xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
      (Ecogpt) gene, was transferred to human cells to generate cell lines each
      carrying Ecogpt integrated into a different site. Human chromosomes marked with
      Ecogpt were transferred further into mouse cells by microcell fusion.
      Monochromosomal hybrids, in which the human chromosome is maintained by
      selection, have been produced for chromosomes 2, 5, 16, and a rearranged
      chromosome involving a translocation between chromosomes 1 and 2. In addition to
      these monochromosomal hybrids, we have also obtained monochromosomal hybrids for
      human chromosomes 6, 12, and 17 by selection for the loss of marked chromosome
      from the microcell hybrids each containing two human chromosomes. Although the
      human chromosome present in these hybrids cannot be maintained by selection, 80
      90% of cells retained the transferred chromosome on continuous growth for 15
      days. Monochromosomal hybrids would provide biological materials to construct
      genetic maps of human chromosomes. In addition, chromosomes marked with dominant
      selectable markers can be transferred further to any cell line of interest in
      inter- or intra-species combination.

PMID- 3885416
TI  - The posterior surface of the lumbar vertebral bodies. Part I.
AB  - The degree of concavity (ie, the scalloping) on the posterior surface of the
      lumbar vertebral bodies has been evaluated quantitatively by means of a simple
      measuring device. The scalloping in the median sagittal plane was found to differ
      from that in the lateral plane, near the pedicular attachments. In the medial
      plane, an increase in scalloping from L1-L4 was noted, with a subsequent decrease
      at L5. Laterally, the concavity deepened from L1-L5, the values here being larger
      than those medially at all levels. The results are discussed with respect to the
      anatomy of the dural sac and its contents, and the spinal nerves. Scalloping in
      the lateral sagittal plane is, especially at the fourth and the fifth lumbar
      levels, presumed to be caused mainly by pressure exerted by the spinal nerves.
      The medial scalloping is presumed to be partially due to hydrostatic pressure of
      the cerebrospinal fluid in the dural sac. This pressure will, at the edges of the
      superior and inferior end-plates, be counteracted by the tractional stresses of
      the fibers of the discal annulus fibrosus that are inserted at the vertebral
      margins. This effect contributes to the final shape of the vertebral bodies. The
      posterior vertebral surface constitutes part of the anterior wall of spinal
      canal. Therefore its shape has relevance in cases of spinal stenosis, and some
      aspects of this relationship are discussed.

PMID- 3885419
TI  - Current status of surgery for congenital heart disease in infancy.
AB  - During the past 10-15 years, a better understanding of the anatomy and physiology
      of congenital heart disease, improved pre- and postoperative care, deep
      hypothermia and circulatory arrest, and miniaturization of equipment, among other
      factors, have contributed to the greatly increased safety of open-heart surgery
      in neonates and infants. Consequently a trend towards early correction has
      developed, which prompts the question: 'In which congenital heart anomalies
      presenting early in life should primary repair be preferred to initial palliation
      followed by late repair?' It is imperative to weigh the advantages and
      disadvantages of a two-stage 'palliative + corrective' procedure against primary
      correction. The latter is generally preferred for 'simpler' malformations such as
      ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, simple transposition and
      atrioventricular canal malformation, where repair can be achieved with low risk.
      On the other hand, palliation by pulmonary artery banding, atrial septectomy or a
      systemic-pulmonary shunt is still preferable in those conditions in which total
      correction in infancy carries a high risk or is not feasible. In an
      underdeveloped population group the decision may be influenced by the prevalent
      socio-economic factors affecting the physical condition of the patient.
      Palliative procedures may constitute a very satisfactory method of selecting
      those patients in whom eventual complete correction would be justified.

PMID- 3885418
TI  - Germ-line chromosomal localization of genes in chromosome 11p linkage:
      parathyroid hormone, beta-globin, c-Ha-ras-1, and insulin.
AB  - The chromosomal localization of genes for parathyroid hormone (PTH), beta-globin
      cluster, c-Ha-ras-1, and insulin, all of which have previously been assigned to
      the short arm of chromosome 11, generated considerable interest because of their
      association with development of disease states. Furthermore, the availability of
      recombination data from family studies made the determination of their physical
      location on the chromosome necessary. Several investigators have attempted this;
      however, controversy has arisen concerning the location of beta-globin, insulin,
      and c-Ha-ras-1 genes. Thus, while the results of some investigators suggested
      that all three genes are situated in the 11p15 region, data of other
      investigators placed the beta-globin and insulin genes close to the centromere
      and c-Ha-ras-1 in a more proximal region than 11p15. The subchromosomal position
      of the PTH gene remains to be determined. We have performed in situ hybridization
      of meiotic pachytene bivalents with 3H-labeled cloned genomic probes of PTH, beta
      globin, and insulin genes and find their germ-line positions to be the following:
      PTH at 11p11.21, beta-globin at 11p11.22, and insulin at 11p14.1. These data,
      when considered with our recent germ-line assignment of the c-Ha-ras-1 gene to
      11p14.1, indicate the following relative order on 11p: cen-PTH-beta-globin-c-Ha
      ras-insulin or cen-PTH-beta-globin-insulin-c-Ha-ras. The former order is
      consistent with genetic evidence from linkage analysis of DNA polymorphisms
      adjacent to these genes segregating in families.

PMID- 3885420
TI  - Congenital heart disease in infancy--surgery for specific defects.
AB  - The evolution of surgery for congenital cardiac malformations in infancy in the
      past decade warrants an analysis of the indications, technical aspects,
      advantages, complications and results of the treatment of specific defects.
      Considerable variations in approach are found, and every surgeon should attempt
      to evaluate the most appropriate current management in each particular case.
      Primary closure is usually preferred to pulmonary artery banding in patients with
      large ventricular septal defects. But will the same approach produce a high late
      survival rate in patients with other left-to-right shunts, e.g. atrioventricular
      canal and truncus arteriosus? Primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot, for example,
      especially in patients who might require a pulmonary outflow tract patch, has
      been challenged by many. In which patients, if any, is an initial systemic
      pulmonary anastomosis the preferable treatment? Which is the best surgical
      approach for other cyanotic congenital cardiac malformations such as
      transposition of the great arteries and pulmonary and tricuspid atresia? The
      multitude of procedures available for 'complete correction' of some malformations
      is an indication of their limitations, while other defects, such as some forms of
      univentricular heart and hypoplastic left heart, are not yet fully correctable.

PMID- 3885421
TI  - Ultrasound examination before amniocentesis and success of culture in genetic
      referrals. Six years' experience in Cape Town.
AB  - Our experience in Cape Town shows that ultrasound examination is of great benefit
      when amniocentesis is performed to obtain amniotic fluid cells for metaphase
      plates from patients at risk of carrying a fetus with a genetic disorder. Data
      taken over a period of 6 years show that the number of blood-contaminated fluid
      specimens decreases significantly when patients are scanned before amniocentesis
      is performed. The presence of blood in the fluid increases the possibility that
      cells will not grow in culture. There was no evidence to suggest that ultrasound
      examination inhibited amniotic fluid cell growth in culture.

PMID- 3885422
TI  - Malaria in pregnancy.
AB  - Malaria is a potentially lethal disease. In pregnancy its deleterious effects are
      aggravated by the depressed immune state. Every pregnant patient presenting with
      pyrexia of unknown origin should be screened for malarial parasites, especially
      if she has travelled to or come from an area in which malaria is endemic. Case
      histories of 2 pregnant women with malaria are presented and the diagnosis,
      treatment and chemoprophylaxis thereof are discussed.

PMID- 3885423
TI  - T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in adults.
AB  - Of 27 consecutive adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), 7 had
      T-cell variants on the basis of sheep erythrocyte (E) rosette formation; in 5, a
      characteristic thymic phenotype was demonstrated by the use of appropriate
      monoclonal antibodies. All patients were treated with prednisone, vincristine, 1
      asparaginase and adriamycin and the peripheral blood cleared of circulating
      lymphoblasts in a median of 8 days (range 6 - 45 days), a figure which does not
      differ significantly from that of 7 days (range 3 - 59 days) in those with the
      common ALL (P greater than 0,5). The complete remission rates were 71% for the
      patients with T-cell leukaemia and 75% for the E rosette-negative patients;
      median durations of remission were 35 and 26 weeks respectively and the
      actuarially predicted median durations of survival were 49 and 39 weeks
      respectively. Therefore the presence of T-cell markers in adult ALL does not seem
      to affect the prognosis in the same way that it does in children, and this is
      likely to be the result of the more aggressive clinical course of ALL of all
      phenotypes in adults.

PMID- 3885424
TI  - A comparative study of isoxicam and naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - A 4-week parallel-group, double-blind comparison of isoxicam 200 mg once daily
      and naproxen 250 mg 3 times daily was carried out on 30 patients with classic or
      definite rheumatoid arthritis. Fifteen patients were randomly assigned to each
      treatment group. The articular index, scoring on a pain scale and morning
      stiffness were significantly reduced after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with both
      drugs. Grip strength was significantly increased after 4 weeks of naproxen
      treatment. The mean increase in grip strength was also comparable in isoxicam
      treated patients, but did not reach statistical significance. Joint swelling and
      walking times showed improvement in both groups. One patient withdrew from
      isoxicam treatment with a pruritic rash considered to be drug-related and another
      stopped taking isoxicam because of dizziness, nausea and vomiting--also probably
      drug-related. Eight other patients, 4 treated with isoxicam and 4 with naproxen,
      reported adverse reactions associated with the digestive system. In this study
      isoxicam 200 mg taken once daily was similar in efficacy to and was associated
      with a similar incidence of adverse reactions as naproxen 250 mg taken 3 times
      daily. Both drugs were effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and
      were well tolerated.

PMID- 3885426
TI  - Antenatal detection of a fetal ovarian cyst by real-time ultrasound. A case
      report.
AB  - A large fetal intra-abdominal cyst was detected on routine ultrasound scanning
      performed during the third trimester of pregnancy. This was not clinically
      obvious on routine examination after birth. Ultrasound contributed to the
      diagnosis and rational management of this case; we believe it should be performed
      routinely in the third trimester of pregnancy for the detection of unsuspected
      fetal abnormalities.

PMID- 3885425
TI  - The treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis. An open controlled prospective
      study comparing a single dose of metronidazole tablets, benzoyl metronidazole
      suspension and tinidazole tablets.
AB  - Metronidazole tablets, benzoyl metronidazole suspension and tinidazole tablets
      each given as a single 2 g bolus dose in an open controlled prospective study
      were found to be effective forms of treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis
      vaginitis. The cure rates on wet smear preparations were 100%, 100% and 94,8%
      respectively, and symptomatic and observed improvements were excellent. There was
      a statistically significant difference between the response rates associated with
      both metronidazole preparations and tinidazole. The results of this study
      indicate that single-dosage bolus therapy can confidently be recommended in
      trichomonal infections and that it has a number of advantages.

PMID- 3885427
TI  - Measurement of glomerular filtration rate in children using technetium-99m
      diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid.
AB  - During the past 5 years, we have measured the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by
      the slope-clearance method using technetium-99m diethylenetriamine penta-acetic
      acid (99mTc-DTPA) in 130 infants and children. The results in 22 children have
      been compared with inulin clearance, and a very good correlation between the two
      methods of measurement of GFR was demonstrated (r = 0,9616; P less than 0,0001).
      This study provides further evidence that 99mTc-DTPA is a satisfactory agent for
      the clinical measurement of GFR in children.

PMID- 3885428
TI  - Transplantation of the heart and both lungs. Experimental and clinical experience
      and review of the literature.
AB  - Transplantation of the heart and both lungs is the only therapy that can be
      offered to certain patients with end-stage pulmonary vascular disease. Our
      experimental experience with the baboon is presented. Fourteen allotransplants
      were performed, 12 recipients (inadequately immunosuppressed with cyclosporin A
      and azathioprine) surviving between 4 and 29 days. In 11 cases death resulted
      from acute rejection which predominantly involved the lungs, the heart being
      spared in 10 cases; the remaining death was from bronchopneumonia. Two
      autotransplanted baboons survived until sacrificed at 6 months. Indications for
      the operation, selection of both the recipient and the donor, and recent results
      at other centres are briefly reviewed. It would seem that this operation is
      recommended in selected patients with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension or
      Eisenmenger's syndrome whose condition is deteriorating and in whom no other form
      of therapy is applicable.

PMID- 3885429
TI  - Fatty acid nomenclature. A short review.
AB  - The nomenclature of the chemical structure of fatty acids can be confusing and
      should be standardized. Criteria for a suitable terminology are proposed, and the
      recommendation is made that use of the 'n' and 'omega' systems comes closest to
      meeting these criteria.

PMID- 3885430
TI  - Insulin secretion in healthy Indian volunteers.
AB  - The insulin response to a 100 g oral glucose load was studied in 20 non-obese,
      healthy Indian females and 20 matched Indian males. There were no differences
      between the mean glucose responses of the two groups. However, early-phase (0-60
      minutes) insulin release was significantly greater in the females. While there
      were no significant differences between the two groups when the total areas under
      the insulin and glucose curves were computed, the female volunteers had a
      significantly higher mean insulinogenic index. It therefore appears that healthy
      Indian females have significantly greater early-phase insulin release than their
      matched male counterparts.

PMID- 3885431
TI  - The influence of cyclosporin on graft and patient survival after renal
      transplantation. The Groote Schuur Hospital experience.
AB  - Fifty pretransfused patients received kidney allografts from brain-dead donors.
      Cyclosporin was combined with low-dose steroid administration for
      immunosuppression. Three months after transplantation azathioprine was
      substituted for the cyclosporin. Patient and graft survival rates were 94% and
      88% respectively, with a mean follow-up period of 8 months (range 1-15 months).
      HLA A, B, C and DR antigens were not considered in the selection of recipients.
      The ease of use of cyclosporin and its infrequent side-effects are discussed.

PMID- 3885432
TI  - Pitfalls in the interpretation of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.
AB  - The measurement and interpretation of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)
      is often vital to the correct management of patients. In this article some
      pitfalls associated with PCWP measurement are discussed. The physiology of PCWP
      preload and the Starling curve are described. PCWP indirectly measures left
      ventricular end-diastolic volumes: the interpretation of this correlation is
      altered under certain circumstances, and these are described.

PMID- 3885433
TI  - Isocyanates and health--a review.
AB  - Isocyanates are chemical compounds used increasingly frequently in industry for
      the production of a wide range of goods. They can produce severe asthmatic
      responses in the sensitive. Health hazards, diagnosis, first-aid measures,
      prevention and legislation are discussed. Patients presenting with apparently
      work-related asthma should be questioned about exposure to these substances, and
      workers should be informed of the dangers of such exposure. Legislation should be
      passed setting limits for exposure to isocyanates and ensuring compensation for
      those workers whose health is affected by exposure to these compounds.

PMID- 3885434
TI  - Physiological and biochemical measurements during a 4-day surf-ski marathon.
AB  - We studied competitors in the 1983 Texan Challenge surf-ski paddle marathon to
      determine the effects of 4 days prolonged paddling on sweat rates, rectal
      temperatures, renal function, serum glucose, free fatty acid, porphyrin and C
      reactive protein levels and serum creatine kinase activity. Sweat rates during
      the race varied from 0.5 to 1.0 l/h, and peak rectal temperatures did not exceed
      38 degrees C, even in the most dehydrated subjects. Renal function was unchanged
      during the race. Plasma renin activity remained low during the race but C
      reactive protein levels and serum creatine kinase activity were elevated. Seventy
      per cent of the subjects had immediate post-exercise blood glucose levels below
      3.9 mmol/l after the 1st and 4th days, and 27% had values below 3.0 mmol/l, one
      competitor requiring intravenous glucose therapy on the beach. Surf-ski paddling
      is therefore associated with low sweat rates, low levels of dehydration, low body
      temperature and unchanged renal function. The low post-exercise blood glucose
      levels indicate that competitors must eat high-carbohydrate diets for the
      duration of the event and must either eat carbohydrate-containing foods or drink
      concentrated carbohydrate solutions while paddling.

PMID- 3885436
TI  - How many ultrasound examinations?

PMID- 3885435
TI  - Ultrasonic demonstration of fetal skeletal dysplasia. Case reports.
AB  - Reports on prenatal diagnosis in cases of skeletal dysplasia have mostly been in
      high-risk mothers with a suspect genetic background where the fetal lesion could
      probably be predetermined. We deal with routine ultrasonographic appraisal of the
      fetal skeleton when dysplasia is not initially suspected, and relate our
      experience of the lethal forms of this condition. During the 4-year period 1981
      1984, 6 cases of skeletal dysplasia, including thanatophoric dysplasia,
      achondrogenesis, the Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (chondro-ectodermal dysplasia)
      and osteogenesis imperfecta, were detected; the ultrasonographic findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 3885437
TI  - Medicina in nummis.

PMID- 3885438
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome in cases of severe trauma--the prophylactic
      value of methylprednisolone sodium succinate.
AB  - The more important known pathogenetic mechanisms apparently responsible for the
      development of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are briefly discussed.
      Reactions in the development of ARDS for which corticosteroids are possibly
      beneficial are pointed out. A prospective study involving 92 patients was
      designed to determine the prophylactic value of methylprednisolone sodium
      succinate (MPSS) (Solu-Medrol; Upjohn) in preventing ARDS. MPSS was administered
      to 47 seriously injured patients and omitted from the management regimen of 45
      patients comparable as regards age and severity of injury. The percentage of
      patients who developed ARDS was significantly lower in the group that received
      MPSS than in the control group.

PMID- 3885439
TI  - A clinical evaluation of isoxicam in the treatment of osteo-arthritis.
AB  - Thirteen patients with osteo-arthritis entered a 12-month open-label assessment
      of the efficacy and safety of a single morning dose of isoxicam 200 mg. Pain
      scale scores were significantly reduced and this was accompanied by improvement
      in most of the symptoms. No patients suffered adverse reactions considered to be
      definitely related to the use of isoxicam and only 3 patients reported adverse
      reactions (mild weight gain, stomatitis, constipation) probably related to
      treatment. Isoxicam 200 mg once a day was effective and well tolerated in the
      long-term symptomatic treatment of osteo-arthritis.

PMID- 3885440
TI  - Problems in attempts to humanize medicine.
AB  - Most attempts to humanize medicine have at best been temporary, barely touching
      the margins of medicine and sustained largely by their zealous advocates. Some of
      the major attempts to humanize medicine are reviewed and the possible reasons for
      their relative failure are, discussed. It is argued that the fundamental obstacle
      to the practice of humanistic medicine stems from the dichotomy existing between
      biological and psychosocial variables. Success in humanizing medicine is
      therefore dependent on whether these two variables can be united and on the level
      at which any attempt enters the health care system.

PMID- 3885441
TI  - Analgesics for pain relief after gynaecological surgery. A two-phase study.
AB  - A two-phase, double-blind study was performed to assess the efficacy of various
      drugs in the relief of postoperative pain. Oral analgesia with two compounds
      (paracetamol 320 mg, caffeine 32 mg, codeine phosphate 8 mg and meprobamate 150
      mg (Stopayne; Rio Ethicals) and dipyrone 500 mg, pitofenone hydrochloride 5 mg
      and fenpiverinium bromide 0,1 mg (Baralgan HS; Albert)) was found to produce
      satisfactory pain relief, and it is suggested that these oral compounds may be
      used from 12 hours postoperatively in uncomplicated cases. Parenteral
      administration of either pethidine 100 mg or dipyrone 2500 mg was found to be an
      ineffective form of pain relief, and it is suggested that the use of these drugs
      should be reviewed. In both phases of the study side-effects were infrequent and
      mild, and smoking did not have an influence on the results.

PMID- 3885442
TI  - Health status of new retired-worker beneficiaries: findings from the New
      Beneficiary Survey.
AB  - In general, individuals who first received social security retired-worker
      benefits in June 1980-May 1981 viewed themselves as being in good health. They
      reported this view in response to questions in the 1982 New Beneficiary Survey
      conducted by the Social Security Administration. Two-thirds of the respondents in
      the retired-worker sample reported having no health-related work limitations and
      no moderate or severe functional activity limitations. However, more than half of
      those who did report such limitations indicated that the limitations were severe
      enough to keep them from any work for pay. Beneficiaries whose first monthly
      benefits were claimed at age 62 were more likely to report themselves in poor
      health than those receiving a first benefit at age 63 or older, but even among
      the 62-year-olds, more than three-fifths reported no work-limiting conditions.

PMID- 3885443
TI  - Critical factors in determining mortality from abdominal aortic trauma.
AB  - Aortic injuries remain highly lethal. Major factors contributing to death in
      these patients appear to be free peritoneal hemorrhage and associated abdominal
      vascular trauma. These conditions often manifest as profound shock upon hospital
      presentation and portend a grim prognosis. Potential means to improve survival
      include: 1, vigorous resuscitation and prompt operative intervention in patients
      with penetrating abdominal trauma presenting in a state of shock; 2, careful
      search and control of associated vascular injuries prior to definitive aortic
      repair, and 3, constant vigilance to coagulation function, core temperature and
      acid-base status.

PMID- 3885445
TI  - A new technique for the placement of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
      catheters in infants and small children.
AB  - The technique described herein is simple and straightforward. Strict attention to
      detail should result in a peritoneal catheter which will function indefinitely.
      Using this method of catheter placement, patients have not only had the renal
      disease controlled but have experienced improved dietary and caloric intake
      orally and, through the dialysate, increased protein utilization and subsequent
      accelerated weight gain and improved height velocity in centimeters per year.
      Patients and their parents have enhanced social and psychologic experiences at
      home with a reduction in therapy costs and eventual successful transplantation
      has been achieved.

PMID- 3885444
TI  - Results in 100 consecutive patients with stapled esophageal transection for
      varices.
AB  - Esophageal stapled transection has a role as an elective procedure in patients
      with varices who are unsuitable for shunt procedures, namely, the elderly,
      patients with Child's grade C, diabetics, patients with schistosomiasis and those
      with previous encephalopathy. It is effective in reducing variceal bleeding in
      the short term, although increasing rebleeding rates with longer follow-up
      periods are envisaged. When the alternative of injection sclerotherapy is
      available, there is probably little place for emergency transection in view of
      the high hospital mortality. A prospective randomized trial comparing chronic
      injection with esophageal transection is required.

PMID- 3885446
TI  - Edward Wilson--explorer, naturalist and surgeon.

PMID- 3885447
TI  - The surgical approach to primary malignant melanoma.
AB  - Surgical excision is the only curative treatment for malignant melanoma.
      Excisional biopsy of the suspected lesion allows for adequate tissue diagnosis
      and microstaging and does not alter ten year survival periods. Wide local
      excision with a resection margin of 3 centimeters is recommended for all but the
      most superficial (less than 0.76 millimeters) lesions. Nodal and systemic
      metastases and long term survival are unaffected by the size of the resection
      margin. The role of prophylactic lymphadenectomy for Stage I melanoma remains
      controversial. The results of both prospective and retrospective studies have
      demonstrated an improved survival after prophylactic lymphadenectomy for patients
      with intermediate thickness (0.76 to 3.9 millimeters or Clark's level III to IV,
      or both) lesions. Patients with ulcerated lesions and lesions in the BANS
      distribution, even when superficial, might benefit from elective lymphadenectomy.
      At least quarterly follow-up examination is recommended for those patients who
      undergo wide excision alone. Therapeutic lymphadenectomy is indicated for the
      treatment of Stage II melanoma. The results of ongoing prospective randomized
      studies will clarify the role of fascia removal, resection margins and
      prophylactic lymphadenectomy in the treatment of malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3885448
TI  - Zdenek Kunc.

PMID- 3885449
TI  - Leonard I. Malis.

PMID- 3885450
TI  - Importance of early radiologic diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the spine.
AB  - Manifest or occult spinal dysraphism in the absence of neurological symptoms is
      likely to remain undetected. Therefore, accurate and early diagnosis of such
      underlying anomalies is of prime importance for early surgical intervention in
      order to avoid late irreparable damage. During a period of just over 1 year, 17
      such cases of spinal congenital anomalies were diagnosed by myelography with
      metrizamide and computed tomography-myelography. There were 16 cases of tethered
      cord, six with myelomeningocele, two with diastematomyelia, two with a split
      spinal cord, three with a lipoma, and the remaining three with vertebral
      anomalies. Scoliosis was present in 60%, weakness of both legs in 45%, and
      asymmetry of the feet in 25%. Some of these patients were initially brought to
      the orthopedic department for corrective surgery before undergoing a complete
      neurological evaluation; thus the radiologist was acting as the link between
      patient and neurosurgeon. Clinical experience has shown that surgical treatment
      can be successful and can thereby obviate further progression of neurological
      symptoms.

PMID- 3885452
TI  - Ocular pneumoplethysmography.
AB  - The development and clinical application of ocular pneumoplethysmography (OPG)
      has had its principal application in vascular surgery. However, many patients
      with suspected carotid arterial lesions have concomitant ocular disease. Vascular
      laboratories routinely consult with ophthalmologists regarding OPG application in
      such cases. This review has been prepared to familiarize ophthalmologists with
      all aspects of this procedure.

PMID- 3885451
TI  - Tumors of the optic nerve head.
AB  - A variety of primary and secondary tumors can involve the optic nerve head.
      Examples of primary optic disc tumors include capillary, cavernous and racemose
      hemangiomas, astrocytomas, and melanocytomas. Secondary optic disc tumors include
      metastatic carcinoma, leukemia, and those which invade the nerve head from
      adjacent structures (choroidal melanoma, retinoblastoma, and meningioma). These
      tumors may produce a variety of clinical features and are discussed in this
      review. Included also are histopathologic correlations and guidelines for
      management of the individual entities.

PMID- 3885453
TI  - Cocaine's use in ophthalmology: our 100-year heritage.
AB  - One hundred years ago the fledgling ophthalmologist Carl Koller demonstrated that
      the alkaloid cocaine was a local anesthetic suitable for rendering the eye
      temporarily insensible to pain. It was an event of historical significance, as
      his discovery opened the door not only to a new era in ophthalmic surgery, but to
      surgery in general. In this paper we review the ancient uses of the coca leaf,
      the historical events leading up to and following Koller's discovery, and the
      present day uses of cocaine in ophthalmology and medicine.

PMID- 3885454
TI  - Should antimicrobial prophylaxis in colorectal surgery include agents effective
      against both anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms? A double-blind, multicenter
      study. The Norwegian Study Group for Colorectal Surgery.
AB  - It is now well demonstrated that a mixed flora of aerobic and anaerobic
      microorganisms will be found in wound abscesses and peritonitis after bowel
      surgery. An impressive reduction in infectious complications caused by anaerobic
      microorganisms can be achieved with nitroimidazole prophylaxis, but considerable
      uncertainty about the role of agents active against aerobic microorganisms in
      such prophylaxis still exists. We have earlier reported that a single dose of
      tinidazole and doxycycline significantly reduces postoperative infections and is
      superior to doxycycline alone. The effect of an agent active only against
      anaerobic microorganisms was tested in a double-blind study of 267 patients who
      underwent elective colorectal surgery. The patients received either tinidazole
      (1600 mg) and placebo or tinidazole (1600 mg) and doxycycline (400 mg) as a
      single preoperative infusion. Patients who received tinidazole and doxycycline
      had significantly fewer infectious complications, reoperations, additional use of
      antibiotics, and a shorter hospital stay. Microbiologic studies demonstrated that
      tinidazole alone gave effective protection against anaerobic organisms but did
      not protect the patients from aerobic gram-negative infectious complications. A
      single preoperative dose of antimicrobial agents effective against both anaerobic
      and aerobic bowel organisms seems to be the preferred prophylaxis for patients
      undergoing colorectal surgery.

PMID- 3885455
TI  - Segmental pancreatic allograft survival in baboons treated with combined
      irradiation and cyclosporine: a preliminary report.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of cyclosporine
      (CS) alone, total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) alone, and CS in combination with
      total body irradiation (TBI) in suppressing segmental pancreatic allograft
      rejection in totally pancreatectomized outbred chacma baboons. The administration
      of CS 25 mg/kg/day and 50 mg/kg/day resulted in mean graft survival of 21.5 days
      and 24.5 days, respectively. CS 85 mg/kg/day resulted in median graft survival of
      9 days. There was a wide daily fluctuation of CS serum trough levels exhibited
      between primates receiving the same oral dose. TBI in excess of 300 rads resulted
      in irreversible bone marrow suppression. Modest results were achieved in
      recipients of TBI-76 rads (38 X 2 rads), with median graft survival of 21 days,
      results not different from recipients treated with CS. TLI recipients of 600 rads
      (150 X 4 rads) resulted in median pancreatic graft survival of 16 days. TBI
      together with oral CS administration exhibited no synergistic or additive effect
      and a single peroperative donor-specific blood transfusion did not enhance
      pancreatic allograft survival in this model. However, of 10 primates receiving
      TBI 100 rads (50 X 2 rads) and CS 25 mg/kg/day administered orally indefinitely,
      four remained normoglycemic for more than 60 days. TBI 100 rads (50 X 2 rads)
      together with oral and parenteral CS resulted in necrotizing enterocolitis in
      four of six recipients. Some immunosuppressive regimens gave modest graft
      survival, none resulted in indefinite graft survival, and there was considerable
      toxicity with many of the regimens. Although CS administration alone or in
      combination with irradiation resulted in modest pancreatic allograft survival in
      this model, the place of CS combined with TBI or TLI or other chemical
      immunosuppressive agents remains to be defined.

PMID- 3885456
TI  - Vitamin E and benign breast "disease": a double-blind, randomized clinical trial.
AB  - We report here the results of a double-blind, randomized trial of the effect of
      vitamin E on clinically palpable benign breast findings. Seventy-three women who
      attended a breast screening clinic were assigned randomly to either a daily
      regimen of 600 IU vitamin E (n = 37) or a placebo (n = 36). At the initial visit
      sociomedical information was obtained for each patient and breast examination
      performed, with a score ranging from 0 to 4 recorded for each quadrant of both
      breasts. Thirty-two women in the vitamin E group and 30 in the placebo group
      returned for follow-up breast examination approximately 2 months later. Scores
      for mean ages and breast findings at entry were similar for women in the two
      groups. We found no differences between the vitamin E and placebo groups in
      scores for changes in breast findings at the end of the study period and no
      differences in the proportion of women who reported feeling less premenstrual
      pain (40.0% and 41.4%, respectively). We conclude that in this group of women
      with breast findings, most of which were not currently serious enough to warrant
      biopsy, there was no beneficial effect of vitamin E taken during a 2-month
      course.

PMID- 3885457
TI  - Saccular renal artery aneurysm as a cause of hypertension.
AB  - The case of a patient with renovascular hypertension related to an arterial kink
      is reported. The arterial kink was caused by a renal artery aneurysm and was not
      apparent with angiography. This is the first reported case in which renin
      mediated hypertension was clearly related to a correctable mechanical problem
      from a saccular renal artery aneurysm. Indications for surgical repair of renal
      artery aneurysms and angiographic findings indicative of a functionally
      significant renal artery stenosis are reviewed.

PMID- 3885458
TI  - Absent common carotid artery associated with amaurosis fugax: a case report.
AB  - A patient with amaurosis fugax and extensive atherosclerosis of the internal
      carotid artery combined with an absent common carotid artery that required extra
      anatomic reconstruction is presented.

PMID- 3885459
TI  - [Pancreatic endocrine function in persons with a history of brucellosis].
AB  - Different food tests were used to study endocrine function of the pancreas in 75
      persons with a history of brucellosis and in 30 patients with chronic acalculous
      cholecystitis. In persons with a history of brucellosis, the endocrine part of
      the pancreas was involved, which manifested itself in a decrease in the secretory
      response of B cells to stimulation with glucose and mixed food enriched with
      proteins and fat. The alterations described are likely to be caused by the
      infection itself.

PMID- 3885460
TI  - Status of treatment for neuroblastoma: a gloomy past, possibly a brighter future.

PMID- 3885461
TI  - What's new in the diagnosis of viral respiratory infections in children. Part 1.

PMID- 3885462
TI  - What's new in the treatment of viral respiratory infections in children. Part II.

PMID- 3885463
TI  - Anesthetic considerations for patients with Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3885464
TI  - Psychiatry, immunology, and cancer.

PMID- 3885465
TI  - Advances in the management of childhood leukemia.

PMID- 3885466
TI  - Childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PMID- 3885467
TI  - Small bowel adenocarcinoma: report of three cases and review of literature.

PMID- 3885468
TI  - [Functional disorders of the lower urinary tract as exemplified by spina bifida].

PMID- 3885469
TI  - High frequency ventilation.

PMID- 3885471
TI  - Development of a radioimmunoassay for the measurement of prostacyclin metabolites
      in unextracted plasma.
AB  - Levels of plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF 1 alpha) measured in
      normal subjects by radioimmunoassay show wide variation. In an attempt to develop
      a sensitive, specific and reproducible assay for the measurement of the
      circulating metabolites of prostacyclin (PGI2) we examined the different
      variables involved in radioimmunoassay such as choice of buffer; incubation time
      and temperature; amount of radioisotope tracer added and the separation method.
      The method described gives good reproducibility and shows good correlation with
      in vivo and in vitro doses of PGI2.

PMID- 3885470
TI  - Widespread distribution of bronchopulmonary endocrine cells immunoreactive for
      calcitonin in the lung of the normal adult rat.
AB  - The nature and distribution of bronchopulmonary endocrine cells immunoreactive
      for calcitonin was studied in normal adult Wistar albino rats by immunoenzyme
      histochemistry with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. A widespread
      distribution of both solitary endocrine cells and neuroepithelial bodies
      immunoreactive for calcitonin was found. Many, but not all, were also
      immunoreactive for neurone specific enolase. Although both classes of cells were
      present in airways and parenchyma, most of the solitary cells were found in
      alveolar ducts and alveoli whereas most of the neuroepithelial bodies were
      located in bronchi and bronchioles. Bronchopulmonary endocrine cells are
      generally regarded as being sparse in the adult rat. It is suggested that this
      may be a consequence of the use of inadequate methods in attempting to identify
      them. So far as is known, this is the first time that calcitonin has been
      demonstrated by immunohistochemical methods in the lungs of rats.

PMID- 3885472
TI  - Prostacyclin for ischemic ulcers in peripheral arterial disease. A random
      assignment, placebo controlled study.
AB  - A 72 h infusion of prostacyclin or placebo was given into femoral artery as a
      treatment for ischemic ulcers in 30 patients with peripheral arterial disease.
      Patients were well matched for age, sex, type and localization of disease, rest
      pain, number and area of ulcers, calf blood flow and previous sympathectomies.
      They had no diabetes mellitus, gangrene or marked aorto-iliac involvement. Six
      weeks after the infusion there was a significant difference in ulcer area between
      the two groups (p less than 0.02, t unpaired test): mean ulcer area decreased (p
      less than 0.02, t paired test) in the prostacyclin-treated group, but not in the
      placebo group (p greater than 0.05, t paired test). Thus, intra-arterial infusion
      of prostacyclin promotes healing of ischemic ulcers in non-diabetic patients with
      peripheral arterial disease without gangrene.

PMID- 3885473
TI  - [Elderly patients with dementia].

PMID- 3885474
TI  - [Intravenous digital subtraction angiography of the vessels of the neck. A
      comparison between Isopaque and Omnipaque].

PMID- 3885475
TI  - [The diagnosis of cholestasis].

PMID- 3885476
TI  - [Incidence of Clostridium botulinum on cattle farms].
AB  - Clostridium botulinum, mainly type B, was constantly found to be present on
      cattle farms. The organism was isolated both from samples of the soil of pastures
      and from the faeces of cattle during the winter housing period. The number of C.
      botulinum type B in samples of soil varied from 10 to 300 organisms per 100
      grams. Contamination with C. botulinum was found to be of a similar order of
      magnitude on farms on which pastures are regularly dressed with sewage sludge. C.
      botulinum was detected in 13 per cent of the faecal samples (420 samples of one
      gram each). Particularly grass silage pits prepared with wilted grass were found
      to provide a possible link between contamination of pastures and cattle.

PMID- 3885477
TI  - Microplate enzyme immuno-assay for detection of platelet antibodies.
AB  - A simplified and sensitive enzyme immuno-assay employing microtiter plates as the
      solid phase carrier for detection of circulating platelet antibodies and bound
      antiplatelet IgG has been described. The assay was done using fresh as well as
      frozen platelets and commercially available peroxidase labeled anti-human IgG.
      The sensitivity of the enzyme immuno-assay was found similar or superior to that
      of the platelet suspension immunofluorescence test and superior to the lymphocyte
      cytotoxicity test and the platelet complement fixation test. The use of platelets
      frozen in the wells of the microtiter plates (stored for up to 17 months at -20
      degrees C without loss of antigenicity) facilitates the performance of the test.
      In addition the small volumes of sera and platelets needed in using microtiter
      plates makes the assay particularly suitable in testing platelets from
      thrombocytopenic patients. In one of 31 sera from normal Zwa-negative donors a
      weak anti-Zwa (P1A1) was found only detectable by enzyme immuno-assay.
      Alloantibodies were found in 14 of 23 patients suffering from non-haemolytic
      transfusion reactions. All of three patients with post-transfusion purpura had
      anti-Zwa antibodies in serum. Anti-Zwa antibodies were demonstrated in the sera
      from all of 9 Zwa-negative mothers, who had given birth to children with
      alloimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia. In 8 of 12 Zwa-positive mothers
      alloantibodies of other specificities were found in the serum. In one case the
      antibody was a known anti-Baka. Six of 7 patients with autoimmune
      thrombocytopenic purpura had values of platelet-bound IgG exceeding the normal
      range and circulating platelet antibodies were seen in 4 patients.

PMID- 3885478
TI  - The effect of pretransplant platelet transfusions on renal allograft survival and
      sensitization in dogs.
AB  - Mongrel dogs were given either whole blood (50 ml) or platelets prepared from 50
      ml blood intravenously on three occasions before transplantation of a kidney from
      a different donor to that of the blood or platelets. All dogs were given
      azathioprine and prednisolone after transplantation. 60 X 10(8) platelets were
      obtained from 50 ml blood and the leucocyte contamination was less than one
      leucocyte per 10(5) platelets. The mean survival of kidney allografts in non
      transfused dogs was 11.6 days (10 dogs), in dogs pretreated with whole blood 26.6
      days (5 dogs), and in dogs pretreated with platelets 29.2 days (5 dogs).
      Sensitisation occurred in 3 of 5 dogs given whole blood and in 2 of 5 dogs given
      platelets. Thus pretreatment with a relatively pure preparation of platelets will
      produce prolongation of survival of third party renal allografts in mongrel dogs
      given azathioprine and prednisolone, comparable to that produced by whole blood.
      However, sensitisation was produced by the platelet preparation, presumably due
      to the minimal leucocyte contamination, which might also be responsible for the
      suppressive effect of this platelet pretreatment protocol.

PMID- 3885479
TI  - Pepsinogen isozymes in Borrmann IV type gastric carcinoma.
AB  - Immunoperoxidase staining for human group I and group II pepsinogens (PG I, PG
      II) was performed on stomachs including surgically removed 42 Borrmann IV type
      gastric carcinomas (B-IV), 6 duodenal ulcers and 6 autopsy cases of traffic
      accident. Besides, 8 surgical cases of B-IV were examined by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis (PAGE). All 8 cases examined by PAGE showed positive finding for
      at least one pepsinogen isozyme. In male, 19/19 were positive while in female
      21/23 were positive for PG I and/or PG II by the immuno-peroxidase method.

PMID- 3885480
TI  - New success factors for management under prospective payment.

PMID- 3885481
TI  - [Effect of ultrasonics on the detection of M and N group antigens in blood
      stains].

PMID- 3885482
TI  - [Forensic medicine during the first few years of Soviet rule].

PMID- 3885483
TI  - A randomized study comparing leukocyte-depleted versus packed red cell
      transfusions in prospective cadaver renal allograft recipients.
AB  - A prospective randomized study at a single renal transplant center between 1980
      and 1982 compared the influence of leukocyte-depleted versus packed red cell
      pretransplantation blood transfusions on patient sensitization to leukocyte (HLA)
      antigens, likelihood of receiving a graft, and eventual transplantation results.
      All consenting potential cadaver renal transplant recipients (n = 107) were
      randomly assigned to receive transfusions at 6-week intervals with either packed
      red cells (Group 1) or leukocyte-poor red cells (Group 2) until they were
      transplanted. Actuarial graft and patient survival were identical for graft
      recipients in both groups. Although the likelihood of receiving a graft was
      associated with the level of pretransplant sensitization to leukocyte (HLA)
      antigens (p less than 0.02) as measured by the percent of panel reactive antibody
      (PRA), it was not associated with the type of blood used. The highest mean peak
      reactive PRA level for all patients showed a low but significant increase (29 +/-
      4 versus 43 +/- 5%; p less than 0.0005) following entry into the transfusion
      protocol, but the rate of increase was the same for patients in both treatment
      groups. The likelihood of receiving a transplant was primarily associated with a
      history of prior graft rejection (p less than 0.05), and patients with prior
      graft loss had the greatest increase in sensitization following entry into the
      transfusion protocol. These findings indicate that using leukocyte-poor red cells
      for pretransplant transfusions provided no added benefit when compared with
      packed red cells in terms of patient sensitization, the likelihood of receiving a
      transplant, or eventual graft survival.

PMID- 3885484
TI  - Blood transfusion in liver transplantation.
AB  - Liver transplantation is a relatively new procedure in which unusually large
      quantities of blood are used. Blood use in 68 adult and 49 pediatric liver
      transplants was reviewed. The median (range) intraoperative red cell use for
      adults and children was 28.5 (3-251) and 11 (2-55), respectively. Blood use
      closely correlated with the patient's primary diagnosis. Adult patients with
      primary biliary cirrhosis and carcinoma used about one-half as much blood as
      those with a diagnosis of sclerosing cholangitis, hepatitis, or cirrhosis.
      Patients in the former diagnostic groups also had better survival rates. Total
      red cell use for the patient's entire hospitalization was about twice that used
      during surgery. Fresh-frozen plasma use paralleled red cell transfusions, but
      platelet use was modest. These data can serve as a baseline in helping other
      hospital transfusion services prepare for the advent of liver transplantation in
      their institutions.

PMID- 3885485
TI  - Antibodies to granulocytes detected by an indirect immunofluorescence method not
      requiring chemical modification of cells.
AB  - IgG antibodies to neutrophil polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) were detected by a
      simple indirect immunofluorescence method that did not require chemical or
      enzymatic modification of the cells. Based on recent information about the human
      PMN Fc gamma-receptor, nonspecific binding of IgG to PMNs was virtually
      completely prevented by incubating cells at 37 degrees C with human serum diluted
      1 to 3 in the presence of a high concentration of rabbit IgG. This also
      facilitated distinction of sera with weak anti-PMN activity from normal sera. On
      the other hand, nonspecific staining remained on a fraction (10-25%) of
      mononuclear leukocytes. Following first-time transfusion of 0.5 to 5 units of
      whole blood or red cell concentrate, 4 of 27 patients (15%) developed anti
      leukocyte antibodies. Anti-leukocyte antibodies were detected in 51 percent of 47
      patients with reported febrile transfusion reactions; the IgG antibodies bound to
      PMNs in 38 percent of these 47 patients. Since only about one in three patients
      with febrile transfusion reactions had detectable IgG anti-PMN antibodies, fever
      may be caused by lysis of leukocytes other than PMNs.

PMID- 3885486
TI  - Proposed new notation for In(Lu) modifying gene--another view.

PMID- 3885487
TI  - Reversal of cyclosporine-induced mortality with a synthetic polymeric
      immunostimulant in a murine model of fecal peritonitis.
AB  - We have been investigating the effects of a synthetic immunostimulative polymer
      known as copovithane (Cpv). This agent appears to enhance humoral immunity in
      untreated and cyclosporine-immunosuppressed mice and is nontoxic in rodents and
      man. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cyclosporine (CsA) is
      deleterious to survival in a murine cecal ligation, puncture, and excision (CLPE)
      model of fecal peritonitis, and--if so--whether this effect could be ameliorated
      by Cpv without interfering with skin allograft acceptance. Cpv significantly
      prolongs survival in the CLPE model; the optimal dose for this effect was found
      to be 100 mg/kg. CsA was found to have a significant and deleterious effect on
      survival at several dosage levels when administrated 48 and 24 hr before cecal
      ligation, and immediately before and 16 hr after cecal ligation. Using a dose of
      CsA sufficient for skin allograft acceptance and the same schedule of
      administration outlined above, Cpv 100 mg/kg was administered 48 hr prior to
      cecal ligation. Mice treated with CsA plus Cpv had significantly longer survival
      than mice treated with CsA alone; furthermore, the survival of CsA-plus-Cpv
      treated animals was not significantly different from that of saline-treated
      controls. Acceptance and survival of H-2 incompatible skin allografts in mice
      treated with CsA were not affected by Cpv 100 mg/kg/week. We conclude that CsA
      induced mortality in the CLPE model can be abrogated by Cpv without adversely
      affecting skin allograft survival. It may eventually be possible to reduce the
      incidence of septic complications in clinical allotransplantation by
      prophylactically administering Cpv to patients on CsA immunosuppression.

PMID- 3885488
TI  - Heart graft arteriosclerosis. An ominous finding on endomyocardial biopsy.
AB  - Heart graft arteriosclerosis remains a severe and irreversible complication of
      allogeneic heart transplantation despite prophylactic therapy. Immunologically
      mediated endothelial damage has been proposed as a stimulus for the development
      of graft arteriosclerosis. The vascular lesions may accumulate large amounts of
      lipid resembling atheromas, or may be purely proliferative, as illustrated in the
      case of a 42-year-old heart transplant patient who developed slowly progressive
      graft dysfunction at eight months posttransplantation. Endomyocardial biopsy ten
      months posttransplantation revealed proliferative arteriolar occlusion, while
      changes on the coronary angiogram were minimal. Repeat biopsy at eleven months
      showed ischemic myocardial necrosis. The patient expired shortly thereafter. On
      postmortem examination, proliferative graft arteriosclerosis affecting both
      intramural and epicardial vessels was present, along with massive biventricular
      infarction. Tissue immunofluorescence studies demonstrated extensive vascular
      deposition of immunoglobulin and complement. We propose that (1) the presence of
      proliferative arteriolar occlusion on endomyocardial biopsy is predictive of poor
      heart graft survival; (2) proliferative graft arteriosclerosis may appear as
      advanced small vessel disease before extensive large vessel involvement is
      detected by coronary angiogram; and (3) immunofluorescence results support an
      immune-mediated mechanism of vascular injury in proliferative heart graft
      arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 3885489
TI  - In vitro immunoglobulin production in long-term renal transplant recipients.
AB  - The difference in immunoregulation between stable renal transplant recipients and
      patients undergoing chronic rejection is unknown. In stable transplant recipients
      humoral responses to the allograft are controlled, but in patients with chronic
      rejection this control appears to be lost. In this study we evaluate B cell
      function in 24 stable transplant recipients and 5 patients with chronic
      rejection, using pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated in vitro lymphocyte production
      of immunoglobulin (Ig). Stable patients and patients with chronic rejection were
      similar with respect to time posttransplant, age, degree of HLA-A and B matching
      and immunosuppressive therapy. Unstimulated immunoglobulin production and serum
      immunoglobulin levels were similar in both groups and within the normal range.
      PWM stimulated IgG, and IgM production was significantly depressed in stable
      patients compared with normal controls and patients with chronic rejection.
      Patients with chronic rejection had normal PWM-stimulated Ig production.
      Mononuclear cell subsets--as determined by the monoclonal antibodies T4, T8, T11,
      B1, and M02, as well as the ratio of T4 to T8--were similar in the two patient
      groups and within the normal range. There was no correlation between decreased Ig
      production and decreased T4/T8 ratio. We conclude that stable renal transplant
      recipients have impaired in vitro humoral responses that may be important in
      maintaining allograft tolerance. In patients with chronic rejection PWM
      stimulated responses have escaped control, and this may be important in the
      pathogenesis of antibody-mediated graft damage. Impaired Ig production in stable
      patients may be due to a suppressor cell mechanism--however, quantitative
      measurements of suppressor cells and the T4/T8 ratio do not predict humoral
      unresponsiveness.

PMID- 3885490
TI  - Time course of glomerular endothelial injury related to pulsatile perfusion
      preservation.
AB  - To elucidate the time course of glomerular and arterial endothelial injury
      resulting from pulsatile perfusion preservation of human kidneys, we examined two
      kidneys, one at 16 and the other at 42 hr, for which no suitable recipient could
      be found. The scanning electron microscope revealed subtle changes at 16 hr in
      the filtration barrier. These included mild endothelial swelling with an increase
      in the appearance of bulbous processes, and elongated fenestrae. The visceral
      epithelial surface was normal as was the arterial endothelial surface. By 42 hr
      the glomerular endothelial surface displayed very prominent cytoplasmic ridges
      and clearly distorted fenestrae. The arterial endothelium exhibited a tendency to
      separate from the vessel wall. The proximal tubular epithelium revealed scattered
      loss of microvilli. These changes are similar in kind to, albeit less severe
      than, those described after 60 hr of perfusion. They may represent cell swelling
      following ischemia, or be the result of altered cell permeability engendered by
      low temperature. The possibility remains that such changes could be minimized by
      modifying the perfusate. Scanning electron microscopy provides a versatile tool
      in the study of vascular and other surfaces of tissues stored with perfusion
      preservation.

PMID- 3885491
TI  - Binding of antihuman globulin by exfoliated renal tubular cells following kidney
      transplantation.
AB  - Exfoliated renal tubular epithelial cells (RTCs) from kidney allograft recipients
      may bind antibody against human globular proteins. Urine from sixty consecutive
      transplant recipients was studied in the first month following transplantation to
      relate this binding to the clinical course and rejection. The spun, washed
      sediment was incubated with fluoresceinated goat antihuman globulin and examined
      under light and fluorescent microscopy for fluoresceinated RTCs. Of 28 patients
      who were never positive, 27 manifested no clinical rejection episodes. Of 22
      total rejection episodes, 21 were preceded by the appearance of fluorescent RTCs.
      Five patients in this group did not revert to negative in this test, and all went
      on to loss of graft from acute rejection. Of 46 patients who were discharged from
      the hospital with negative RTCs, only four were readmitted within one month for
      treatment of rejection. In contrast, of the 11 patients who were positive at the
      time of discharge, 10 were readmitted in the first month. Graft survival was only
      55% (6/11) in this latter group as compared with 91% (42/46) in the former. There
      were 11 patients with transiently positive tests who did not warrant a clinical
      diagnosis of rejection. In no case of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) alone or in
      obstructive uropathy was the assay positive. However, in some cases, in which the
      ATN merged imperceptibly into rejection, the RTCs started to fluoresce well in
      advance of the clinical suspicion of rejection. Information obtained from this
      examination may be used to assess the cause of renal failure in the early
      posttransplant period and to differentiate rejection from ATN and obstruction.
      This phenomenon of fluorescent RTCs may be an early manifestation of an
      immunological change occurring in a cell that is targeted by the host for
      rejection.

PMID- 3885492
TI  - Severe bleeding diathesis associated with invasive aspergillosis in transplant
      patients.
AB  - A severe bleeding disorder developed in eight renal transplant patients with
      invasive aspergillosis. The hemorrhagic diathesis was characterized by wound
      oozing, severe upper and lower gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage, and mucosal
      bleeding at other sites. This unusual coagulopathy was characterized by a
      prolonged thrombin time, which was corrected with protamine sulfate, and an
      abnormal Reptilase time. The bleeding disorder antedated the diagnosis of
      invasive aspergillosis in all cases. The probability that the coagulopathy was
      due to proteolytic enzymes elaborated by Aspergillus sp. is discussed.

PMID- 3885493
TI  - Suppression of antibody response and prolongation of skin graft survival by
      multiple blood transfusions in the rat.
AB  - The effect of blood transfusions (BT) on antibody response and skin graft
      survival was studied in the strongly MHC-incompatible BN and LEW combination. One
      to-three BT induced high titer antibodies. Additional BT, however, led to a
      decrease of antibody titers. After 15 BT the recipients either had no detectable
      antibodies, or they had very low antibody titers. This suppression of response
      was shown to be distinct from a simple loss of antibody activity caused by lack
      of further antigenic challenge. In multiple transfused rats, humoral
      nonreactivity persisted in spite of rechallenge with antigen; in animals that
      lost their antibodies as a result of lack of further stimulation, an additional
      BT boosted strong antibody production. In LEW recipients of multiple BN
      transfusions, not only the specific anti-BN response but also reactivity to third
      party BUF blood was suppressed. However, whereas the donor-specific response
      (anti-BN) was largely inhibited after a ten-week interval, the response to third
      party BUF blood recovered. The state of humoral nonreactivity could be
      transferred by spleen cells to nontransfused syngeneic animals. In LEW rats that
      received three injections of 5 X 10(7) "suppressor" spleen cells, the antibody
      response to BN blood was strongly impaired as compared with animals that received
      normal spleen cells. BN or (BN X LEW)F1 skin grafts survived significantly better
      in multiple transfused LEW rats than in nontransfused controls. This was even
      more pronounced when ALS was given additionally. Third-party grafts (BUF)
      survived only slightly better than controls. It is concluded that multiple BT (1)
      result in humoral anti-donor nonreactivity secondary to an initial antibody
      response, (2) induce strong specific and weak nonspecific suppressor cell
      activity, and (3) increase skin graft survival.

PMID- 3885494
TI  - Immunohistological analysis of serial biopsies taken during human renal allograft
      rejection. Changing profile of infiltrating cells and activation of the
      coagulation system.
AB  - This immunohistological study investigated two aspects of the mechanisms
      underlying human renal allograft rejection. First, because rejection is a
      dynamic, complex process, we sought to delineate any changes in the types of
      cells mediating graft destruction by evaluating the cellular infiltrates in
      sequential renal biopsies from 14 patients with rejection. Second, because
      macrophage accumulation and fibrin deposition are major features of kidney
      rejection, the membrane characteristics of intragraft macrophages were analyzed
      to determine whether these cells could indeed cause the fibrin deposition
      frequently observed. Thirty-six biopsies, performed for assessment of renal
      failure posttransplantation (post-Tx), were studied using a panel of monoclonal
      antibodies and a 4-layer immunoperoxidase technique. Biopsies were divided into 3
      groups depending upon the time post-Tx. Comparison of biopsies taken on days 2-3
      post-Tx with those taken either at days 10-12, or later than 30 days, showed
      similar proportions of T cells, T cell subsets, B cells and macrophages. By
      contrast, the proportion of natural killer (NK) cells was significantly increased
      at days 2-3 (P less than .01), and the proportion of activated T cells bearing
      interleukin-2 receptors was significantly increased at days 10-12 (P less than
      .01). Granulocytes were restricted to biopsies that displayed areas of
      infarction, regardless of the time at which this occurred. In addition, various
      proportions of intragraft macrophages exhibited the membrane phenotype of
      activated macrophages, as a result of their expression of the procoagulant
      molecule termed human-tissue-factor--related antigen (HTF:RAg). The proportion of
      graft macrophages exhibiting HTF:RAg was significantly increased in biopsies on
      days 10-12 (P less than .05) compared with biopsies on days 3-4, and remained
      elevated thereafter. Interstitial and perivascular collections of HTF:RAg+
      macrophages were closely associated with fibrin deposits and, in two cases,
      mononuclear cells harvested from rejected grafts were shown to contain
      significant procoagulant activity in vitro. These studies demonstrate a major
      temporal variation in the types of cells contributing to human kidney
      rejection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3885495
TI  - Successful renal transplantation using distantly related or unrelated living
      donors with donor-specific blood transfusion.

PMID- 3885496
TI  - Percutaneous endoscopic treatment of fungus ball obstruction in a renal
      allograft.

PMID- 3885497
TI  - Low-density lipoprotein metabolism following renal transplantation.

PMID- 3885498
TI  - Cyclosporine and murine responses to alloantigens: effects of cyclosporine and
      donor-specific transfusions on delayed hypersensitivity reactions and murine skin
      allografts.

PMID- 3885499
TI  - Specific unresponsiveness to allografts induced by cyclosporine is not antibody
      dependent.

PMID- 3885500
TI  - Pregraft allogeneic platelets are comparable with pregraft blood in prolonging
      the survival of rat renal allografts.

PMID- 3885501
TI  - The correlation of cyclosporine serum and whole blood concentrations with
      toxicity and efficacy after human marrow transplantation.

PMID- 3885502
TI  - Spinal cord and cerebellar-like syndromes associated with the use of cyclosporine
      in human recipients of allogeneic marrow transplants.

PMID- 3885503
TI  - Variable inhibition of mitogen-induced blastogenesis in human lymphocytes by
      prednisolone in vitro.

PMID- 3885504
TI  - Prednisolone half-life and T lymphocytes in renal allograft recipients.

PMID- 3885505
TI  - Natural killer activity in renal allograft recipients and response to interferon.

PMID- 3885506
TI  - Cancer development in patients progressing to dialysis and renal transplantation.

PMID- 3885507
TI  - Organ and tissue preservation for transplantation: monitoring by 31P nuclear
      magnetic resonance.

PMID- 3885508
TI  - T cell subsets in fine needle aspiration biopsies from renal transplant
      recipients.

PMID- 3885509
TI  - Subsets of T lymphocyte subpopulations after human marrow transplantation defined
      by monoclonal antibodies and two-color fluorescence.

PMID- 3885510
TI  - Treatment of Ph' chromosome-positive leukemia in acute or accelerated phase by
      marrow transplantation.

PMID- 3885511
TI  - Does thymic epithelial cell insufficiency predispose to chronic graft-versus-host
      disease after bone marrow transplantation?

PMID- 3885512
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation following treatment with high-dose melphalan.

PMID- 3885513
TI  - Long-term hemopoietic progenitor cell reconstitution after human marrow
      transplantation.

PMID- 3885514
TI  - Abnormal T lymphocyte colony formation following human allogeneic bone marrow
      transplantation.

PMID- 3885515
TI  - Total lymphoid irradiation in canine pancreatic allograft recipients.

PMID- 3885516
TI  - Human fetal pancreatic explants: their histologic development after
      transplantation into nude mice.

PMID- 3885517
TI  - Kidney transplants from living nonrelated donors: an analysis of 87 cases,
      including 20 cases with specific blood transfusions from the donor.

PMID- 3885518
TI  - Allograft renal vein thrombosis.

PMID- 3885519
TI  - Selective embolization of vascular complications following renal biopsy of the
      transplant kidney.
AB  - The incidence of postbiopsy vascular lesions of the transplanted kidney is
      unknown. The complications of these lesions should be promptly recognized and
      treatment initiated when indicated. We have found transplant angiography and
      selective arterial embolization to be a safe and effective modality.

PMID- 3885520
TI  - Acute lymphedema in a renal allograft--an unusual cause of early postoperative
      transplant dysfunction.

PMID- 3885521
TI  - Allograft rejection and the nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 3885522
TI  - [Minimally transformed 3T3 cell lines as an object for research on the mechanisms
      of proliferation].
AB  - The present review gives a detailed description of mouse cell lines 3T3 (Swiss
      3T3, Balb/c 3T3, and NIH 3T3) including their establishment, evolution, growth
      properties and formation of the specific monolayer with low saturation density.
      Questionable views of the 3T3 cell origin are discussed. The main features of
      these continuous cell lines are shown, such as a high requirement for serum
      growth factors, substrate dependence, inhibition of cell division in dense
      monolayer and absence of oncogenic potentions, which are similar to those of
      normal diploid cells, thus making these pseudonormal lines useful in studies of
      cell proliferation and oncogenesis. Different methods for obtaining quiescent 3T3
      cells are observed, and, more in detail, the achievement of the resting state in
      confluent monolayer and at low serum concentration in sparce culture. The data
      reporting the efficiency of growth stimulation using serum, purified growth
      factors and hormones are analysed. Special attention is paid to the
      susceptibility of 3T3 lines to culture conditions, and to dependence of
      experimental data obtained upon keeping stability of these conditions.

PMID- 3885523
TI  - Preliminary observation on the clinical tolerance of interferon-beta in cancer
      patients.
AB  - Nine patients with metastatic solid tumors were given IFN-beta by i.v. bolus
      injections. Six escalating doses (from 1 to 9 X 10(6) IU) followed by 6
      additional injections at the dose of 9 X 10(6) IU were administered every other
      day (schedule A) in 3 of the 9 patients. IFN dose was also increased to a maximum
      of 46 X 10(6) IU, and 12 individual injections of 1, 2, 3.3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 16, 21,
      27, 34 and 46 X 10(6) IU of IFN were given over a minimum of a 24-day period
      (schedule B) in 6 of the 9 patients. The single maximal tolerated dose ranged
      from 9 to 46 X 10(6) IU. The toxicity of IFN-beta given as scheduled in this
      study was significant but acceptable.

PMID- 3885524
TI  - [Ultrasonic examination and fine-needle aspiration of solid gastrointestinal
      processes].

PMID- 3885525
TI  - [Congenital duodenal obstruction].

PMID- 3885526
TI  - [The influence of the volume of the solution on the effects of epidural
      morphine].

PMID- 3885527
TI  - [Local ampicillin prevention of wound infection after elective colorectal
      surgery].

PMID- 3885528
TI  - [The value of 2 consecutive cultures for Gonococcus].

PMID- 3885529
TI  - [Forgotten surgical swabs demonstrated by ultrasonic scanning].

PMID- 3885530
TI  - [Does the patient have acute cholecystitis?].

PMID- 3885531
TI  - [Obstructing gallstone in the small intestine demonstrated by ultrasonographic
      scanning].

PMID- 3885532
TI  - [Examination for secondary hypertension in the over-50 age group].

PMID- 3885533
TI  - Acoustic impedance matching of medical ultrasound transducers.
AB  - Ultrasonic transducers for pulse-echo systems are studied both theoretically and
      experimentally. For the theoretical calculations the Mason model for thickness
      mode disc transducers with and without backing and matching layers is used. By
      building several of the theoretically investigated transducer configurations it
      is shown that theory and experiment agree well. Thus the properties of a
      transducer can be predicted to a good approximation before its experimental
      realization. To find transducers with good sensitivity and short pulses, the
      pulse shape and frequency response for the following classes of transducers were
      studied both theoretically and experimentally: transducers with backing only,
      transducers with heavy backing and front matching layers, and air-backed
      transducers with front matching layers.

PMID- 3885534
TI  - [Endocrine therapy of breast cancer: a history].

PMID- 3885535
TI  - [The history of urology in Montreal].

PMID- 3885536
TI  - Sonographic biometry in obstructive uropathy of children: preoperative diagnosis
      and postoperative monitoring.
AB  - Renal sonography was performed in 92 children with obstructive uropathy or
      vesicoureteral reflux preoperatively and at follow-up. Renal volume and the
      anteroposterior diameter of the renal pelvis proved to be the most reliable
      morphometric criteria for objective sonographic staging and follow-up of urinary
      tract obstruction. If transient obstruction occurred after uncomplicated
      antireflux ureterovesico-plasties (n = 41), it lasted at most 4 weeks. Kidneys
      with transient postoperative ureterovesical junction obstruction (n = 21)
      reverted to normal sonographic pattern within 4 weeks following ureteral
      reimplantation. In cases of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (n = 30), it took
      up to 6 months for the majority of kidneys to present almost normal sonographic
      findings. Sonographic biometry and the knowledge about the uncomplicated
      postoperative course render postsurgical monitoring easier and more reliable.

PMID- 3885537
TI  - Blind-ending branch of bifid ureter: report of seven cases.
AB  - Seven cases of bifid ureter with a blind-ending branch are presented: diagnosis
      was primarily made by excretory urogram. In 1 case the diagnosis was confirmed by
      retrograde pyelogram. The pelvicalyceal system showed ureteroureteral reflux into
      the blind-ending branch on photofluoroscopy and cineroentgenography. One rare
      case of blind-ending branch originating in the upper third of the ureter are
      described. The clinical aspects, roentgenographic findings, and treatment of
      these findings are reviewed.

PMID- 3885538
TI  - Fine-needle antegrade pyelography of transplanted kidneys.
AB  - Ureteral obstruction or perforation must be considered as a cause of poorly
      functioning renal transplants. Sonography and radionuclide scanning will
      demonstrate outflow obstruction and/or pararenal fluid collection, but do not
      usually provide sufficient information on the site of the lesion. In these cases
      we have successfully used fine-needle puncture of the renal pelvis under
      sonographic guidance, and antegrade pyelography. This technique shows excellent
      anatomical details of the renal pelvis and ureter.

PMID- 3885539
TI  - Testicular lymphoma: sonographic findings.
AB  - The sonographic findings in 2 patients diagnosed as having testicular lymphoma
      (subsequently surgically proven) are discussed. The diagnosis should be suspected
      when a hypoechoic mass is identified in the testicle.

PMID- 3885540
TI  - Prostatic abscess evaluated by serial computed tomography.
AB  - Prostatic abscess appears on computed tomography (CT) as multiple, well
      demarcated fluid collections within the prostate gland and/or periprostatic
      tissues. Since prostatic abscess may not be differentiated from other prostatic
      disease on the basis of history and physical examination alone, CT can contribute
      significantly to establishing this diagnosis. Prostatic abscess can be an
      aggressive lesion within the pelvis and may rupture into the urethra, peritoneum,
      prevesical space, rectum, perineum, and ischiorectal fossa. By defining the
      extent of the disease, CT can guide selection of an optimal surgical drainage
      procedure. CT can be used effectively to monitor the treatment of prostatic
      abscess.

PMID- 3885541
TI  - [Diagnostic imaging procedures].

PMID- 3885542
TI  - [The possibility of technical error in ultrasound studies].
AB  - Ultrasonography provides a diagnostic tool for patient examination by means of an
      imaging procedure according to sonic principles. An artificial image is created
      electronically from the different velocity of sound and intensity of sonic echos
      in various tissues. This echogram demonstrates an indirect image of the organs in
      the body, which differ in their echogenic structures. Three main causes for
      errors result from this principle: by the examiner, by the sonic principle and
      physical-technical limits of the ultrasound apparatus. These errors are presented
      with sonographic pictures and their causes are outlined.

PMID- 3885543
TI  - [The perfusate culture--bacteriologic monitoring of kidney grafts].
AB  - Since the kidney recipient's immune system is entirely suppressed, any bacterial
      contamination from a graft might be hazardous. Major statistics [1,3,4,5] reveal
      a mortality as high as 10% due to infectious and gastrointestinal complications.
      From July 1979 to December 1983 114 kidney grafts have been done in our center.
      After transplantation none of the patients died as a result of complications due
      to infection. Microbiologic examination of the perfusate is obligatory to detect
      contamination. It was used in 145 donor nephrectomies; 28% of the perfusate
      culture samples were positive: In 4 of 5 cases (81%) the bacteria isolated were
      of the non-pathogenic type seen in the normal flora of the skin (Staphylococcus
      epidermidis). Introduction of cover drapes lowered the positive culture rate to
      8%. Isolation of S. epidermidis after desinfection of the skin (6x) with 70%
      spore-free alcohol is proof of the extraordinary sensitivity of the method used.
      The outstanding clinical importance of this method is the rapid information
      obtained on any contamination and the early suggestion concerning the first
      choice of antibiotic. Though E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found in the
      culture, no clinical infection was seen under adequate antimicrobial therapy.
      Among 114 kidney transplantations in our center no patient died of bacterial
      infection. Our experience points out that the effect of general antibiotic
      prophylaxis is negligible. Instead, the effect of early application of
      antibiotics in accordance with the results of the perfusate culture is superior.

PMID- 3885544
TI  - [Causes of hypertension following kidney transplantation with special reference
      to arterial stenoses].
AB  - Hypertension is regarded as a significant complication in renal transplant
      recipients. Its frequency was 48,1% after cadaver donor and 40,6% after living
      donor transplantation. The etiology is multifactorial. A correlation could be
      demonstrated between blood pressure and graft function or presence or absence of
      the diseased kidneys while no influence was found with regard to steroid dosage
      in patients with long term graft function. After 575 renal transplantations with
      147 angiographies arterial stenoses were observed in nine patients (1,6%) and
      corrected surgically.

PMID- 3885545
TI  - [Cystic lymphangioma of the kidney. Clinical and morphologic findings].
AB  - Lymphangiomas of the kidney are extremely rare hamartomatous benign tumors,
      previously never diagnosed preoperatively. By sonography and computer tomography
      the tumor is characterized by a polycyclic and polycystic well defined mass which
      also may involve the renal pelvis. Morphologically the tumor is a typical
      lymphangioma.

PMID- 3885547
TI  - Residual lymphocele.
AB  - Uncomplicated lymphoceles can cause lateral extrinsic compression of the sigmoid
      colon. Ultrasound is the study of choice to define these cystic collections,
      which may persist many months as a postoperative complication of pelvic lymph
      node dissection.

PMID- 3885546
TI  - Primary transitional cell carcinoma of prostatic periurethral ducts.
AB  - Primary transitional cell carcinoma of the prostatic periurethral ducts is a
      distinct histologic variety of prostate carcinoma. Traditional methods of therapy
      for adenocarcinoma of the prostate are ineffective. A review of the literature
      suggests that appropriate radical surgical therapy should be considered for early
      control of this disease.

PMID- 3885548
TI  - Renal leiomyoma with extensive cystic degeneration.

PMID- 3885549
TI  - [Use of embryonic bone for shaping the locomotor stump after enucleation].

PMID- 3885550
TI  - [Ultrasonic B-scanning in the diagnosis of diseases of the posterior segment of
      the eye].

PMID- 3885551
TI  - [Detachment of the ciliary body and its surgical treatment].

PMID- 3885552
TI  - [Primary glaucoma in native inhabitants of the Far North].

PMID- 3885553
TI  - Radiographic and ultrasonographic diagnosis of liver diseases in dogs and cats.
AB  - Various techniques utilized for the clinical investigation of small animal
      patients with signs of liver disease are discussed. The author reviews the
      evaluation of survey radiographs and selected radiographic contrast techniques,
      such as cholecystography. The author also outlines the basic principles of
      hepatic ultrasonography and includes examples of normal and abnormal hepatic
      ultrasonograms to demonstrate the application of this new imaging modality to the
      diagnosis of liver diseases.

PMID- 3885554
TI  - Evaluation of procholeragenoid against experimental colibacillosis in piglets of
      vaccinated dams.
AB  - A toxoid prepared from the toxin of Vibrio cholera was adjuvanted with aluminium
      hydroxide and used for immunisation of pregnant gilts. Litters of these and of
      non-vaccinates were experimentally challenged with Escherichia coli producing
      either heat labile and heat stable (LT and ST) enterotoxins or ST enterotoxin
      only. Both the challenge strains of E coli produced high rates of mortality (64
      and 68 per cent) and morbidity (80 and 100 per cent) in litters of non-vaccinated
      dams. Statistically highly significant protection against the LT/ST enterotoxin
      producing strain of E coli was obtained accompanied by the absence of
      colonisation of the small intestine by the pathogen. No protection against the ST
      enterotoxin producing strain was found. It is suggested that this vaccine would
      not confer passive protection to piglets against K99 and 987-positive E coli
      which usually produce ST enterotoxin only.

PMID- 3885556
TI  - Unusual case of spina bifida in a Friesian cross calf.
AB  - A case of spina bifida in a Friesian cross calf is described. The case was
      unusual as the calf was alive and ambulatory. There was no locomotor disturbance
      but a small skin defect was present in the thoracic region with anomalies of the
      thoracic vertebral laminae 9 and 10 and the associated ribs. Radiographic studies
      and post mortem findings are reported to indicate the extent of the lesion.

PMID- 3885555
TI  - Isolation of Escherichia coli from an aborted bovine fetus.

PMID- 3885557
TI  - Shiga-like toxin production from Escherichia coli associated with calf diarrhoea.

PMID- 3885558
TI  - Studies on the replication of a bovine parvovirus.
AB  - Optimal replication of a bovine parvovirus type 1 was found to occur when
      parasynchronous bovine embryonic lung cells were infected during the S phase of
      the cell cycle, just prior to maximum DNA synthesis. Viral antigen was first
      detected in the cytoplasm by immunofluorescence at 8 h post-infection, reaching a
      maximum at this location by 16 h and then disappearing. In the nucleus, antigen
      was first detected at 12 h, concurrent with early inclusion body formation and
      first detection of intracellular virus production. Intranuclear antigen then
      increased rapidly to a maximum at 20 h, as the inclusions progressively matured,
      large amounts of virus were produced within the cell, with some release to the
      environment. From 24 h, the nuclear inclusions became increasingly shrunken and
      basophilic as virus migrated to the cytoplasm and was progressively released to
      the exterior concurrent with cell degeneration and fragmentation. The majority of
      virus remained cell associated, even at 28 h post-inoculation. Two morphological
      types of early and late stage intranuclear inclusions were produced by the virus,
      these appearing to be a distinct feature of bovine strains. In other aspects, the
      replication of bovine parvovirus appeared similar to that of other members of the
      genus.

PMID- 3885559
TI  - Survival of Mycobacterium bovis in defined environmental conditions.
AB  - The survival of Mycobacterium bovis was investigated following artificial
      inoculation in dry and moist soils and bovine faeces held under various
      environmental conditions. M. bovis survived for 4 weeks in non-sterile dry and
      moist soils held under 80% shade, in darkness and in the laboratory. It was also
      isolated from sterile moist soil kept in the shade and in darkness. Re-isolation
      of M. bovis was not made at 4 weeks from any of the substrates exposed to
      sunlight nor from faeces held under any condition. M. bovis was not re-isolated
      from any substrate at 8 weeks or up to 32 weeks after inoculation.

PMID- 3885560
TI  - [Captopril--new possibilities in the treatment of resistant essential arterial
      hypertension].

PMID- 3885561
TI  - [Changes in cerebral hemodynamics as affected by waves of decimetric range with
      different sites of action in patients after ischemic strokes (based on data of
      Doppler ultrasound)].

PMID- 3885562
TI  - [History of the founding and development of the sanatorium-health resort system
      in Bashkiria (on the 110th anniversary of the birth of N. A. Semashko)].

PMID- 3885563
TI  - [Transverse covalent bonds stabilizing the collagen structures in normal and
      pathological conditions (review)].

PMID- 3885564
TI  - [Medical chemistry in the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (40th anniversary of
      the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences)].

PMID- 3885565
TI  - [Biochemical structure and functions of basal membranes (review of the
      literature)].

PMID- 3885566
TI  - [Self-regulation of the functional state of high density lipoproteins and its
      disorders in hypoalphacholesterolemia (review].
AB  - Cholesterol-acceptor and cholesterol-transport functions of high density
      lipoproteins appear to occur by means of the principle of selfregulation as these
      lipoproteins (particles) included a number of active units responsible for their
      biological function. These units were as follows: a) protein-lipid structure of
      surface monolayer of high density lipoprotein particles, which enables to
      intercalate the molecules of unesterified cholesterol, b) the enzymatic system,
      responsible for cholesterol esterification (lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase-
      LCAT), involving the enzyme second substrate lecithin and activator apoprotein A
      1, c) the system of nonenzymatic controlled transport of cholesterol esters,
      developed during the LCAT-reaction, involving the lipid-transport protein. On the
      basis of the hypothesis results, obtained in examination of persons with low and
      high level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in blood plasma, were
      analyzed. Correlation between a decrease in cholesterol-acceptor and -transport
      functions of the lipoproteins and impairments in the system, responsible for
      selfregulation of their functional state, corroborated the hypothesis developed.

PMID- 3885567
TI  - [Dietetic aspects of preventing urolithiasis in patients with gout and uric acid
      diathesis].
AB  - Patients suffering from gout and uric acid diathesis received a specialized diet
      containing 70 g protein (85% of plant protein including 20 g of soybean protein
      isolate), 85 g fat and 350 g carbohydrates. As a result there was an improvement
      of the general well-being during dietetic management, a rise of pH of the urine
      to normal, a decrease in the concentration of uric acid in blood serum and urine
      with a simultaneous elevation of the latter's clearance, an increase in
      glomerular filtration, a reduction in blood cholesterol content. The data
      obtained allow the conclusion to be made about the necessity of the rigid
      observance of the diet by the patients. This will play an important role both in
      the treatment and prophylaxis of urolithiasis in the patients' population under
      consideration.

PMID- 3885568
TI  - [Content of manganese, chromium, iron, cobalt, molybdenum and fluorine in food
      products].

PMID- 3885569
TI  - [Isolation of a type C2 staphylococcal antienterotoxic serum].

PMID- 3885571
TI  - Chloroquine removal of HLA antigens from platelets for the platelet
      immunofluorescence test.
AB  - Chloroquine-treated platelets did not react with HLA antisera in a platelet
      suspension immunofluorescence test (PSIFT), while the reactions with platelet
      specific antibodies (P1A1, Baka) seemed even stronger after treatment. The method
      might be useful in discerning HLA and platelet-specific antibodies without
      absorption procedures. The treatment causes death of a proportion of the cells,
      with nonspecific fluorescence making the reading difficult. This may be
      circumvented by using special phase-contrast lenses.

PMID- 3885570
TI  - [Indicator importance of the bacterial genus Proteus in assessing the hygienic
      status of food products].

PMID- 3885572
TI  - Historic perspective on Liley's "fetal transfusion".

PMID- 3885573
TI  - Passively acquired antibody directed at human erythrocytes seen during therapy
      with Minnesota antilymphoblast globulin.
AB  - 6 renal transplant patients, seen at the Mayo Clinic between July 1982 and April
      1983, received Minnesota antilymphoblast globulin (MALG) for treatment of
      allograft rejection and demonstrated warm-acting 'auto'-antibodies during such
      therapy. These antibodies represented xenogeneic reactivity in equine MALG,
      rather than the products of patient-derived immune responses, since they were not
      detected before or after the period of therapy with this immunosuppressive agent
      in any of the 6 cases. They interfered with crossmatch procedures for red cell
      transfusion, and were only variably removed by autoabsorption techniques. Heat
      treatment of sera containing MALG-related red cell antibodies was ineffective in
      abrogating their reactivity and also compromised the reactivity of some red cell
      alloantibodies which were tested as controls. Transfusion of 'least-incompatible'
      red blood cells had no adverse effects in 2 cases where it was necessitated by
      clinical circumstances, despite an inability to obtain suitable serological
      samples for crossmatching.

PMID- 3885574
TI  - First transfusions of red blood cells previously frozen and thawed.

PMID- 3885575
TI  - [Vladimir Alekseevich Frunze (on his 150th birthday)].

PMID- 3885576
TI  - [Adaptational hormone levels in middle-aged and old patients with peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3885577
TI  - [Practical value of electrogastrography (review of the literature)].

PMID- 3885578
TI  - [Defects in the prostaglandin system. I. Familial total plasma factor
      deficiency].
AB  - A case of a 38 year-old male is reported, in whom routine general investigation
      after myocardial infarction revealed a deficiency in the prostacyclin synthesis
      stimulating plasma factor. Examination of all available members of the family
      showed a congenital defect of as yet unknown pathogenetic significance.

PMID- 3885579
TI  - [Cooperative studies in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children
      in Austria--report of 10 years' experience].
AB  - 437 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) have been treated at 9
      different institutions in Austria utilizing common protocols and central
      registration between 1974 and 1984. 227 patients (132 boys and 95 girls, group I)
      were treated between 1974 and 1980 using 3 consecutive protocols (KMK, O 76, A
      78), which were essentially derived from the Memphis studies VII and VIII.
      Patients with a high risk of relapse were treated according to the LSA 2-L2
      protocol. 210 patients (112 boys and 98 girls, group II) were consecutively
      treated following the BFM protocols 76/79 and 81/83. In this group, treatment
      intensity was adjusted to the initially determined individual risk of relapse
      (BFM risk score or risk factor). To date, the life table analysis demonstrates
      that the probability of continuous complete remission for patients in group II is
      60% after 5 and 3 years (BFM 76/79 and BFM 81/83, respectively), whereas group I
      reaches a level of 37.3%. The prognostic difference between risk and non-risk
      patients in both studies of group II was eliminated. Despite a higher morbidity
      and non-leukaemia-related mortality in group II, the therapeutic success can be
      attributed to the intensification of induction therapy.

PMID- 3885580
TI  - [Considerations on the therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies].
AB  - The availability of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) decisively improved and extended
      the analytical and diagnostic possibilities both in science and in clinical
      medicine. Monoclonal antibodies are also important tools for the isolation and
      purification of biologically active components. However, the therapeutic
      applications of monoclonal antibodies require manifold clarification. In this
      manuscript an attempt is made to present a short survey of the current stage of
      development in the therapeutic applications of MoAb and to discuss the
      foreseeable future in this research area. Possible fields of application, such as
      selective cell manipulation, drug targeting, detoxification by neutralization
      and/or immune clearance, specific antibody substitution are summarized and the
      negative and positive results so far achieved are discussed. Ex vivo therapy with
      monoclonal antibodies, which has already been used in a number of hospitals, is
      dealt with in detail. Problems already encountered, as well as anticipated in the
      course of the therapeutic implementation of monoclonal antibodies are discussed.

PMID- 3885581
TI  - [Changes in the diagnosis and therapy of extrauterine pregnancy].
AB  - In a retrospective study the records of all patients with proven ectopic
      pregnancy during the years 1971-1973 (n = 41) and 1981-1982 (n = 59) were
      reviewed with regard to age, symptoms, medical history, diagnostic methods,
      therapy, and clinical course. Particular attention was given to endocrine
      diagnostic methods (LH, beta-HCG), ultrasound examinations, and changes in
      operative therapy. The duration from admission to diagnosis of the ectopic
      pregnancy decreased from 5.6 to 3.3 days, circulatory shock from 32 to 10%.
      During 1971-1973 the fallopian tube was removed in 95%, during the years 1981
      1982 only in 34%. Our study shows that modern diagnostic methods permit earlier
      diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, and that in the majority of cases the removal of
      the fallopian tube is not necessary.

PMID- 3885582
TI  - [Prospective randomized study: cefuroxime and netilmicin versus ceftriaxone as
      prophylaxis in vascular surgery].

PMID- 3885583
TI  - Status of the artificial heart program in Berlin.

PMID- 3885584
TI  - Inotropic agents in the treatment of cardiogenic shock.

PMID- 3885586
TI  - Tissue distribution of 14C- and 35S-captopril in rats after intravenous and oral
      administration.
AB  - 35S-Captopril (50 mg/kg) administered i.v. to rats resulted in radioactivity
      being widely distributed into highly vascular tissues and into excretory organs.
      After oral administration of 14C-captopril (50 mg/kg), radioactivity in most
      tissues declined at a rate similar to that in blood. Concn. greater than those in
      blood were found only in kidney, liver and lung. The high concn. of 14C in kidney
      and liver were due to the excretory role of these organs. The high concn. of 14C
      in lung may be due to the high binding affinity of captopril to angiotensin
      converting enzyme, present in large quantity in lung.

PMID- 3885587
TI  - [History of cancer statistics in Germany up to 1949].

PMID- 3885585
TI  - Right heart interaction with the mechanically assisted left heart.

PMID- 3885588
TI  - [History of the origin of the Berlin University Chair of Public Health].

PMID- 3885589
TI  - [Topography and structural development of the Charite].

PMID- 3885590
TI  - [Comparative study of the performance capacity of bacterial samplers of various
      constructions].

PMID- 3885591
TI  - [Orienting identification of nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria in the
      clinicobacteriologic laboratory].

PMID- 3885592
TI  - [Prevention and control of B-streptococcal infections in the delivery room and
      neonatal station].

PMID- 3885593
TI  - [Difficulties in bacterial diagnosis of listeria meningitis].

PMID- 3885594
TI  - [Ernst Putter and the care of alcoholics in Berlin].

PMID- 3885595
TI  - [Status of the knowledge on air hygiene at the end of the 18th century].

PMID- 3885596
TI  - [Damage caused by ionizing radiation/acute radiation sickness].
AB  - The article deals with the diagnostics, differential diagnostics and therapy of
      the acute radiation syndrome at a possible war. Decisive points of view are,
      taking into consideration the clinical course, simplified diagnostic methods and
      gradually coordinated therapeutic methods when there is a widespread occurrence
      of injured persons. The treatment in the base with appropriate medical evacuation
      is the basis. The synoptic paper summarizes the newest realizations.

PMID- 3885597
TI  - [Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT)].
AB  - Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) can be divided into two genetically determined
      (hereditary) forms and one acquired type. Hereditary PCT is due to an inborn
      deficiency of the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity in all tissues. The
      homozygote defect (porphyria hepatoerythropoetica) involves reduced enzyme
      activity down to nearly 5%, whereas the hemizygote form causes reduction of the
      porphyrinogen decarboxylase activity of about 50%, which means that the remaining
      enzyme activity is still sufficient for normal heme or porphyrin biosynthesis.
      Only an overload of heme or porphyrin biosynthesis leads to decompensation of the
      uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. Substances able to act in this way are: ethanol,
      lipophilic drugs, xenobiotics, steroid hormones, and iron. Sporadic (acquired)
      PCT is associated with reduction of the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity
      in the liver exclusively induced by the above cited chemicals. From these types
      of PCT, pseudo-PCT (or PCT-like syndrome) must be differentiated. Pseudo-PCT is
      observed in patients with terminal renal insufficiency under hemodialysis therapy
      as well as after application of certain drugs. Pseudo-PCT can be separated from
      PCT by means of porphyrin analysis and histopathological findings.

PMID- 3885598
TI  - [Temporary covering in the surgery of skin tumors].
AB  - The experienced dermatologist knows how to use SYSpur derm and Epigard,
      respectively, according to their individual indication spectra. We are of the
      opinion that SYSpur derm is chiefly indicated for temporary covering after tumor
      excision until definite reconstruction by flaps or, occasionally, by primary
      surgical suture, because of its minor adhesion to the granulation tissue.
      Epigard, in contrast, bears essential advantages with regard to the conditioning
      of the wound ground. As the granulations grow rapidly into the highly permeable
      polyurethane foam of Epigard which has to be changed frequently, a regular lawn
      of granulations is induced, similar to that after superficial abrasion with the
      sharp spoon (dermatologic curet). In addition, this technique brings on optimum
      conditions for the settling of grafts without any difficulties.

PMID- 3885599
TI  - [Leg ulcers in congenital dyserythropoietic anemia].
AB  - We report on an 18-year-old male patient suffering from leg ulcers due to
      congenital dyserythropoetic anemia and thrombocytosis. Based on this case, we
      discuss the importance of hematologic disorders for the development of leg ulcers
      as well as the pathogenetic mechanisms involved.

PMID- 3885600
TI  - [Use of autoradiography. Studies of cell kinetics in normal and psoriatic
      epidermis as an aid in decision making in therapeutic management].
AB  - We report on cell kinetic data about in vivo and in vitro DNA-labelling of
      germinative keratinocytes in normal and psoriatic epidermis. In order to study
      the cell cycle and its component parts in psoriasis, information on duration of
      the DNA-synthesis phase, epidermal germinative growth fraction, as well as cell
      cycle time are of special interest. Comparison of various anti-psoriatics reveals
      that they have different effects on the cell cycle in psoriatic epidermis. This
      observation may be important for the development and analysis of new treatment
      schedules and their influence on psoriatic cell proliferation kinetics.

PMID- 3885601
TI  - [Immunological diagnosis of cutaneous lymphomas. II. Membrane receptor for Helix
      pomatia lectin on lymphocytes: a new immunohistological marker for T-lymphocytes
      and Sezary cells].
AB  - Lymphocytes carrying the receptor for helix pomatia lectin on their cytomembranes
      can be detected in lymphatic tissue and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma by means of
      peroxidase-labelled helix pomatia lectin. Cells positive for the HPL-receptor are
      identical with the population of T-lymphocytes, including their pathological
      variants, i.e. lymphoma cells and Sezary's cells.

PMID- 3885602
TI  - [Direct detection of influenza virus A in animal study material with the enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)].

PMID- 3885603
TI  - [Tasks of clinico-chemical and biochemical studies in liver transplantation].

PMID- 3885604
TI  - Isolation and purification of amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi from cultured vero
      cells.
AB  - A method is described for the isolation and purification of the intracellular
      amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi from cultured Vero cells. Host cells were
      infected with metacyclic forms obtained in Grace's medium. Six days after
      infection, the cells wer subjected to treatment with trypsin to obtain the
      intracellular forms. The parasites were collected and purified by Percoll
      discontinuous gradient centrifugation.

PMID- 3885605
TI  - The relationship to knobs of the 92,000 D protein specific for knobby strains of
      Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - A 92,000 D protein was identified associated with the membrane of host
      erythrocytes infected with the FCB1 Plasmodium falciparum strain from Colombia.
      The same protein was identified in the knob-forming Gambian (and the Malayan
      Camp) strain, but was not present in all the corresponding knobless strains. In
      the FCB1 strain as well as in the FCR3 strain the protein is synthesized during
      the ring-stage period. The cleavage products of the 92,000 D protein were
      investigated by peptide mapping following limited proteolytic digestion with
      Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. The 92,000 D protein cleavage products from
      both the Colombian and the Gambian strains were identical. Moreover, both the
      proteins were sensitive to trypsin and chymotrypsin and also to treatment with
      neuraminidase. Enzymatic removal of the protein from the erythrocyte membrane by
      trypsin or chymotrypsin did not affect parasite maturation. The merozoites thus
      produced were fully invasive and the morphology of the knobs was unaltered. When
      the erythrocyte membrane was treated with trypsin before the time of synthesis of
      the 92,000 D protein, it was not possible to identify the protein in membranes of
      later stages of infected erythrocytes, indicating that the protein cannot be
      inserted into the membrane cytoskeleton compartment. Knobs, however, were formed
      more or less normally, suggesting that it is not the accumulation of this protein
      which products the knobs.

PMID- 3885607
TI  - [Rotator cuff rupture. Surgical results in relation to the approach].
AB  - This paper presents the results of surgery in a total of 43 cases of rupture of
      rotator muscle sheaths which were followed up. Surgery was carried out from a
      saber-cut incision (n = 24) and from a transacromial approach (n = 19). The
      follow-up period for the first group was 42.2 months, for the second 14.3 months.
      The procedures employed were, almost without exception, the Schuhnestel or
      continuous suture and transosseous fixation after McLaughlin. In Group I the
      results were very good and good in 22 patients (91.6%); results in two shoulders
      were poor. In Group II the results were somewhat poorer, with 76.5% very good and
      good results; this is attributable principally to the much shorter follow-up
      period. The poor results are analyzed. The coraco-acromial ligament was severed
      or resected in 22 cases. Neer acromioplasty is now performed routinely. The
      surgical approach appears to have no decisive influence on the result. Advantages
      and disadvantages of the various approaches are described. A particularly
      important factor is the small therapeutic team (surgeon and physiotherapist).

PMID- 3885606
TI  - The isolation and immunogenicity of the cuticle of Dipetalonema viteae
      (Filarioidea).
AB  - The cuticle of the filaria Dipetalonema viteae was isolated by sonication in 1%
      sodiumdodecylsulphate (SDS) and in a mixture of 1% SDS and 5% B-mercaptoethanol
      (BME). Sonication in SDS removed all internal parts and left the cuticle intact;
      this was verified by light- and electronmicroscopy. Sonication and incubation of
      the cuticle in the mixture of SDS-BME at pH 6.8 dissolved the basal and part of
      the median zone of the cuticle. The epicuticle and the cortical zone remained
      intact. The extracts were investigated using SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis; the early extracts contained a wide variety of proteins, whereas
      the later steps showed a consistent pattern with a smaller number of bands.
      Cuticles after SDS-purification, the extract of cuticular material in SDS-BME,
      and the cuticles insoluble in SDS-BME were used to immunize mice; the antibodies
      produced were visualized by an indirect fluorescent antibody test on cryostat
      sections of female worms. When SDS-purified cuticles were used for immunization,
      antibodies directed against all organs in the filariae were found. The SDS-BME
      extract and the insoluble cuticular pellet stimulated the production of
      antibodies restricted to the cuticle of adult worms and microfilariae. The
      purification method opens up the possibility of further isolation and
      characterization of antigens from the cuticle.

PMID- 3885608
TI  - [The history of orthopedics in Freiburg].
AB  - During the 19th century orthopedic medicine in Germany developed uniformly. The
      starting point was almost always the foundation of a private institute, which was
      then taken over by state/communal or confessional/charitable bodies, and in some
      cases universities. In Freiburg, however, orthopedics developed very differently.
      From the very beginning it was a clinical and academic discipline within the
      university. Orthopedic medicine was practised systematically at Freiburg Surgical
      Clinic from about 1835 on, and it was at this time that the first lectures in
      Orthopedics were given. Freiburg also has one of the oldest university orthopedic
      institutes. The founding of an Extraordinary Chair of Orthopedic Medicine is due
      to the efforts of the pathologist Aschoff and the surgeon Kraske. Besides Carl
      Friedrich Hecker, the special development of orthopedics in Freiburg may be
      attributed to the work of Georg Friedrich Louis Stromeyer. It is to him that
      orthopedics--in Freiburg and elsewhere--owes a debt not only for introducing
      surgical procedures, but first and foremost for its establishment as a scientific
      discipline. The remarkably early rise of orthopedics in Freiburg was followed,
      after World War I, by a decline brought about by economic conditions and
      university policy. Its consequences were so far-reaching that the Chair of
      Orthopedic Medicine in Freiburg was not refounded until 1970- the last in
      Germany. Until that time orthopedics remained dependent on the judgment or
      indulgence of the directors of the surgical clinic, who regarded orthopedics as a
      conservative discipline, or at best as a branch of limb surgery.

PMID- 3885609
TI  - [The significance of the scientist Prof. Bernhard Heine (1800-1846) for his age,
      especially for German and French orthopedics].
AB  - The professor of Orthopaedics in Wurzburg, Bernhard Heine (1800-1846) nephew and
      successor of Johann Georg Heine (1770-1838) at the Karolinen Institute in
      Wurzburg, is not only of significance for the history of the university in
      Wurzburg and for the development of his subject in the German-speaking area, as
      has mostly been represented up until now, but he should also be seen as one of
      the forerunners of international cooperation in the early 19th century! From his
      contacts to the Academie des sciences in Paris and his two Monthyon prizes, his
      influence on the technology of orthopaedics, the clinic and bone physiology
      should be indicated by means of his osteotome.

PMID- 3885610
TI  - [The awarding of the Honorary Doctorate in Surgery to Johann Georg Heine (1771
      1838), the founder of modern conservative orthopedics].
AB  - The validity of the awarding of the Honorary Doctorate in Surgery to J. G. Heine,
      which had been questioned for a long time in the sphere of research history, was
      confirmed by the surprising discovery in the state archives in Munich, of his PhD
      certificate, dated 06. 04. 1824. The conferment of this honour upon Heine by the
      Faculty of Medicine at Jena was probably largely as a result of influence from
      political spheres. Heine certainly had good contact with the latter, not least
      through his treatment of prominent patients, which included the son of Chancellor
      von Muller, proof to which can be seen on inspection of the list of patients at
      the Carolineninstitut.

PMID- 3885611
TI  - Advances in renal transplantation.

PMID- 3885612
TI  - DNA homologies between the genomes of Choristoneura fumiferana and Autographa
      californica nuclear polyhedrosis viruses.
AB  - The DNA sequence homology between the genomes of Choristoneura fumiferana and
      Autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (CfMNPV and
      AcMNPV) were compared by hybridization of nick-translated [32P]CfMNP[V DNA to
      restricted AcMNPV genome. In the presence of 5 x SSC and 50% formamide the CfMNPV
      DNA exhibited extensive homology to the AcMNPV genome. When the stringency
      conditions of hybridization were lowered, we observed hybridization to almost all
      the EcoRI fragments of AcMNPV. We then utilized the cloned EcoRI fragments from
      both genomes to obtain more detailed information, and to localize the hybridizing
      fragments on the EcoRI physical map of AcMNPV. It was clear that some CfMNPV
      clones hybridized to more than one fragment of the AcMNPV genome indicating that
      there has been some DNA sequence rearrangement in the AcMNPV genome.

PMID- 3885613
TI  - [Vladimir Alekseevich Bets (1834-1894) (on the 150th anniversary of his birth and
      90th anniversary of his death)].

PMID- 3885614
TI  - [At the beginning of the career of I. S. Beritashvili as a neurophysiologist].

PMID- 3885615
TI  - [Structure of the system of digestive and transport processes in the small
      intestine].

PMID- 3885616
TI  - [Mechanism of the stereospecific stabilization of codon-anticodon complexes in
      ribosomes during translation].

PMID- 3885617
TI  - [Heat resistance of embryos and tadpoles and its inheritance in the common frog
      (Rana temporaria L.)].

PMID- 3885618
TI  - [Role of leukocyte proteinases and protein degradation products in protective
      reactions].

PMID- 3885619
TI  - Accumulation of nitrite and sulfite in yeast cells and synergistic depletion of
      the intracellular ATP content.
AB  - When nitrite or sulfite are applied to yeast cells below pH 5.0, an enormous
      intracellular accumulation occurs. It is assumed that nitrite and sulfite
      penetrate the cell membrane in their undissociated forms as nitrous acid (pK =
      3.3) or sulfurous acid (pK = 1.8), respectively. Due to the neutral intracellular
      pH they are trapped inside the cell in their anionic forms, which are impermeable
      to the cell membrane. It has previously been shown that sulfite causes a rapid
      depletion of the ATP content of yeast cells [Schimz, K.L. and Holzer, H. (1979)
      resp. Hinze et al. as above]. Similarly, millimolar concentrations of nitrite
      decrease the ATP level to less than 10% of the initial value. Nitrite and sulfite
      in combination deplete the ATP content of yeast cells much stronger than expected
      for the sum of the separate effects of these compounds ("synergistic effect").

PMID- 3885620
TI  - Gastric tube oesophagoplasty for oesophageal atresia: a follow-up study. Part I:
      Clinical controls.
AB  - From 1975 to 1981, 12 gastric tube oesophagoplasties were performed in our
      institute for long-gap oesophageal atresias. All cases of the series, but one,
      have been reconstructed by means of a distally based tube. The authors discuss
      the criteria of choice of gastric tube and describe all the results of a clinical
      follow-up conducted in 9 cases, two to eight years after successful surgery.
      Height and weight patterns, in particular, show a fully satisfactory growth for
      all gastric tube children.

PMID- 3885621
TI  - Gastric tube oesophagoplasty--a long-term assessment.
AB  - The first gastric tube oesophagoplasty at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for
      Children was performed in 1968. Over the next 15 years, until 1982, a total of 46
      operations were performed. This represents the largest series of gastric tube
      oesophagoplasty in children yet reported in the literature. Two techniques have
      been in use and are compared. The main aim of the paper is to present the long
      term results of gastric tube oesophagoplasty. In our 15 years' experience with
      the gastric tube for oesophageal replacement, we have found it to be a very
      satisfactory procedure, with a very low mortality and failure rate. The
      vascularity of the stomach gives rise to less anxiety than with colon. Early
      postoperative complications are readily identified and treated. There is a higher
      risk of serious chest complications in bringing the gastric tube through the
      chest with primary anastomosis in the neck. This also predisposes to
      diaphragmatic herniation and obstruction, complications not seen when the gastric
      tube is brought up substernally. The long-term results are very encouraging, with
      virtually all the children leading active and normal lives. The gastric tube
      functions satisfactorily with no evidence of the late complications often
      reported with colonic tubes. There is no significant difference in the long-term
      results of the two techniques of gastric tube oesophagoplasty used in this
      hospital.

PMID- 3885622
TI  - Reconstructive surgery for cloacal anomalies.
AB  - This paper describes a variety of surgical techniques which have been employed in
      three patients with cloacal anomalies, at the Kobe Children's Hospital during a
      period from 1977 to 1983. The patients presented with malformations in which the
      urethra, vagina and rectum converge at the high level of cloaca. Staged approach
      was mandatory in these patients. A loop colostomy with the distal loop of colon
      separated from the fecal stream and a decompressing vaginostomy are the initial
      procedures for this form of malformations. Vaginoplasty is required in some
      patients for pullthrough to the perineum. In those in whom the vagina and colon
      are separately pulled through, a posterior sagittal approach is convenient.

PMID- 3885623
TI  - Pathogenesis of pseudomembranous colitis.
AB  - This work is concerned with new morphologic data pointing to an immune component
      in the pathogenesis of pseudomembranous colitis. The focal distribution of the
      pseudomembranes suggests selective damage induced by Clostridium difficile
      toxins. The sites of attachment to the mucosa correspond anatomically to the
      intestinal structures specialized for immune information and response.
      Furthermore, viable IgA production supports the view that toxins are carried to
      lymphoid aggregates where plasma cell proliferation takes place. A sharp increase
      in the mast cell population of the colon is also reported. Mast cells, whose role
      in the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases is still obscure, are diffusely
      distributed, irrespective of the focal lesions of pseudomembranous colitis.

PMID- 3885624
TI  - [Our surgical heritage: the tragic destiny of the surgeon. Eugen Alexander Polya
      (1876-1944)].
AB  - Eugen Polya was an outstanding hungarian surgeon of the first half of this
      century, a man of international reputation. Already in 1913 on the basis of
      animal experiments he realised the necessity of conservative treatment in acute
      pancreatitis. He and Reichel (Germany) share the fame of the introduction of a
      modified GE in partial resection of the stomach (B-II-type). In 1944 Polya was
      killed by hungarian fascists for racial and political reasons. Nobody knows where
      his corpse was buried.

PMID- 3885625
TI  - [Anastomosis in emergency large intestine resections in the therapy of
      obstructing colonic cancer].
AB  - A comparative inquiry has been performed on 57 cases of colonic resections for
      colon carcinoma carried out in emergency with intestinal anastomoses which have
      been performed according to Gambee's technique (single layer little introflecting
      suture), Nockemann's technique (a continuous suture in dexon comprising mucosal
      and submucosal layers and a separate no introflecting stitch suture of the
      serosal and mucosal layers in teflene) and 'Auf Stoss'-technique (single layered
      end-on, no introflecting, no mucosal comprising). We have noticed leakages in 20%
      of the cases performed with the first method, 13% with the second and 12% with
      the third method. Here below shown the reasons, why the second and the third
      method are to be considered the best ones and the indications relevant to their
      usage. Also are discussed: intraoperative irrigation of the colon according to
      Dudley and the own technique, short term chemotherapeutic prophylaxis,
      transanastomotic drain, fibrin glue on colon anastomosis.

PMID- 3885626
TI  - [Adjuvant radiotherapy in rectosigmoid cancers].
AB  - Radiotherapy in rectosigmoidal cancer is studied in a randomized phase-III
      clinical multicenter trial comparing (A) postoperative irradiation (50 Gy) to (B)
      preoperative irradiation + postoperative saturation (25 Gy) to (C) preoperative
      irradiation alone (25 Gy). Postoperative irradiation is carried out, if the
      patient exhibits a high risk (Dukes B, C). In preoperatively irradiated patients
      operation takes place immediately after the last course, at least within 24 h.
      Fractioning is 2,5 Gy per session. Preoperative irradiation is tolerated well. It
      does not compromise surgery or increase the number of complications. In rectal
      resections a protective colostomy is not necessary. Radical postoperative
      irradiation (A) is burdened by 3 serious complications and a considerably higher
      amount of complaints. Whereas radical radiation procedures (A and B) lead to a
      drastical reduction of the local recurrence rate (A 5 of 86, B 4 of 97 patients,
      that means about 1/7th of what could be expected), preoperative irradiation alone
      (C) has a lesser effect (10 of 96). Distant metastases rate remains uninfluenced
      by each of these procedures. Assuming that preoperative irradiation is able to
      inhibit intraoperative metastasing these data suggest that this form of
      metastases has no practical importance. Although the study is not closed there is
      a convincing improvement by the combined radical approach. As regards
      tolerability and practicability it should be done in the sandwich-technique by
      pre-and postoperative irradiation (B).

PMID- 3885627
TI  - [Lorenz Bohler, the father of trauma surgery. 15 January 1885-20 January 1973].
AB  - January 15th, 1985 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of Lorenz Bohler, the
      'father of traumatology'. Bohler, who mainly worked as an autodidact afterwards
      in his special field, had to overcome violent opposition before he succeeded in
      carrying out his idea of a specialised and centralised treatment for
      traumatological patients. He is considered to be the founder of hospitals of
      traumatology. For many decades after the First World War his clinic in Vienna was
      the 'Mecca' of traumatologists from all over the world. His book entitled "Die
      Technik der Knochenbruchbehandlung" gained worldwide recognition and was
      translated into all cultural languages from English to Chinese.

PMID- 3885628
TI  - [Soft tissue and bone defects of the tibia. Treatment with pedicled muscle
      transfer and a microvascular anastomosed myocutaneous flap].
AB  - The free tissue transfer by microvascular anastomoses has opened new dimensions
      in reconstructive surgery. However a free microvascular myocutaneous flap should
      only be used in case of a local pedicled flap being impossible. In treating
      complicated defects of soft tissue and bones a clear cut gradation of therapeutic
      steps has to be observed: 1. control of wound infection, 2. wound debridement, 3.
      soft tissue repair, 4. bone reconstruction.

PMID- 3885629
TI  - [Possibilities of the diagnosis of abnormalities within the scope of basic
      obstetrical ultrasound examination].
AB  - The possibility to diagnose slight masked malformations increased in the last
      years both by improving technical ultrasonic equipment and progressive personal
      experience of the examiners. With regard to time and technique it is impossible
      to treat fully all possibilities of ultrasonics, because the time-patient-ratio
      would be to enormous, the malformation rate would be to low and not any
      malformation is followed by an obstetric consequence. Additionally most of the
      malformations can be diagnosed or excluded only in determined gestational weeks.
      Therefore we present as a compromise a checklist which guarantees as well as
      examination of 8-10 patients per hour as a detection of the most important
      malformations. Abnormalities like double monsters, hydrocephalus, anencephaly,
      microcephalus, posterior and anterior tumors, thoracal and abdominal cysts,
      micromely and amely should not escape. Smaller abdominal cysts caused by filled
      intestines are very frequent. Controlling these findings, like looking for
      defects of extremities e.g. dub-feet is impossible, but not necessary, too,
      because of the lacking antenatal consequences.

PMID- 3885630
TI  - [Sonographically detectable changes in placental structures in pregnancy. 2.
      Statistical comparison of the frequency distribution of placenta stages 0-3
      newborn infants with a birth weight of 2,500-3,999 grams].
AB  - 1200 examinations of sonographical demonstrable placental ripeness were done in
      552 pregnant women. The frequency of stages 0 to 3 as compared with aid of O.
      Bunke's confidence intervals. Stage 0 were found frequently until the 30. week of
      pregnancy, stage 1 between the 21. and 36. gestational week, stage 2 between the
      33. and 38. week of pregnancy and stage 3 between the 35. and 40. week. The
      comparison of the areas of unsharpness several stages possibly may give
      informations about the period of pregnancy when the stages coincide.

PMID- 3885631
TI  - [Sonographically detectable changes in placental structures in pregnancy. 3.
      Statistical, comparison of the frequency distribution of placenta stages 0-3 in
      newborn infants with a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams].
AB  - The utilisation of sonographically provable changes of placental structures in
      131 pregnant woman (277 examinations) shows in cases with newborn infants with a
      weight of birth under 2500 gram than the stage 0 is found significant frequent to
      the 32. week of pregnancy, the stage 1 to the 40. week of pregnancy, the stage 2
      between the 29. and 40. week of pregnancy and the stage 3 between the 31. and 40.
      week of pregnancy. The stages 0, 1 and 2 influence in comparison with the newborn
      infants with a weight of birth between 2500 gram and 3999 gram not the weight in
      newborn infants under 2500 gram. The stage 3 will prove frequent in 13,5 times
      before the 34. week of pregnancy as in the comparison group with normal weight of
      birth.

PMID- 3885632
TI  - [Sonographic changes in placental structure during pregnancy].
AB  - Modern ultrasonic-B-scanners permit the in-vivo-observation of placental
      structure during pregnancy. From 3rd Trimenon there are characteristic ultrasonic
      patterns point to placental maturity with classification grades from 0 to III.
      Progressive echographic changes begin in the chorionic plate, after that few
      scattered in the placental substance and finally in different extent and density
      in the basal layer. Grade III represent the term placenta. In the determination
      of intrauterine growth retardation and dysmaturity the recognition of structure
      may be an additional indication and should be a part of ultrasonic routine care.

PMID- 3885633
TI  - [The history of medicine. Alfred Hegar (1830-1914)].

PMID- 3885634
TI  - [Postoperative radio- and/or chemotherapy in ovarian stage III cancers. Results
      of a prospective randomized study].
AB  - In advanced ovarian carcinoma operation alone does not give any change of
      permanent cure. Therefore an additional treatment is necessary. From 1977 to 1980
      we performed a prospective random study about the significance of postoperative
      radio- and chemotherapy (group A, n = 20) versus combined longterm chemotherapy
      (group B, n = 24) in ovarian carcinoma stage III. Radical operation was possible
      in 82% of all cases. 8 of them (18%) occasionally a second-look operation (A = 2,
      B = 6). Radiotherapy was a whole abdomen irradiation (Co60-teletherapy-40 Gy in
      two series, pelvis additional 20 Gy) by means of open field technique.
      Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracile and vinblastine were used for the
      purpose of chemotherapy. The survival time was not significantly prolonged in
      group B (20,4 months) compared to group A (13,9 months). 44% (B) survived three
      years contrary to 36% (A); after four and five years survival rates are equal in
      both groups (A = 36%, B = 37%). Thus additional radiotherapy does not improve
      survival rate. On the other hand there are considerable side-effects and
      tolerance against chemotherapy is diminished. That is why a general radiotherapy
      is not recommendable in the present modification.

PMID- 3885635
TI  - [Development of the circulatory function of the cardiovascular system].

PMID- 3885637
TI  - [The Russian epidemiologist E. S. Andreevskii (on the 175th anniversary of his
      birth)].

PMID- 3885636
TI  - [Peptide regulators originating from nonspecialized protein precursors].

PMID- 3885638
TI  - [A landmark in science (on the 90th anniversary of the birth of V. I. Terskikh)].

PMID- 3885639
TI  - [Isolation of protective antigenic fractions from bacteria of the intestinal
      group: a review of foreign patents].

PMID- 3885640
TI  - [Media for isolating Klebsiella].

PMID- 3885641
TI  - [Epidemiology and prevention of acute intestinal diseases caused by Escherichia].

PMID- 3885642
TI  - [Comparative immunoenzyme analysis of sera for the presence of antibodies to a
      preparation of Staphylococcus aureus teichoic acids and DNA].
AB  - The comparative analysis of the titers of antibodies to the preparations of S.
      aureus teichoic acids and DNA in the sera of healthy donors and patients with
      infectious endocarditis and rheumatic carditis was made by means of ELISA. The
      sera of patients with infectious endocarditis and rheumatic carditis, in contrast
      to the sera of healthy donors, showed the presence of antibodies to DNA in 23.5
      76.2% of cases. The correlation between the presence of antibodies to S. aureus
      teichoic acids and DNA in the sera of the patients was weakly pronounced.

PMID- 3885643
TI  - [Immunoenzyme analysis in pneumococcal infection].
AB  - Complex protein preparations obtained from pneumococci have been used for the
      serological examination of patients with pneumococcal infection. The proposed
      system of ELISA permits the detection of positive results in about 70% of cases.
      The specificity of the method is 95%. Special attention is paid to the
      determination of the criterion indicating the presence of positive results.

PMID- 3885645
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of methods for the immunoenzyme determination of
      summary immunoglobulins].
AB  - Two modifications of ELISA for summary immunoglobulin determination (with and
      without the use of the antibody-enzyme conjugate) are described with special
      attention to their sensitivity, reproducibility and the influence of different
      conditions on assay characteristics. The sensitivity of the assay carried out
      with the use of the conjugate lies in the nanogram range of concentration. The
      modification of the assay, not requiring the use and, therefore, the synthesis of
      the conjugate, may be used with antisera of different specificity.

PMID- 3885644
TI  - [Detection of antibodies to the teichoic acids of the Staphylococcus aureus cell
      wall in the sera of osteomyelitis patients].
AB  - The comparative analysis of serum samples from patients with hematogenic and post
      traumatic osteomyelitis for the presence of antibodies to the teichoic acids of
      the cell wall of S. aureus has been carried out by means of ELISA. The
      investigation has shown that the test system developed on the basis of teichoic
      acids can be used for confirming the diagnosis of osteomyelitis. An attempt to
      use this system for the dynamic observation of the disease has been made.

PMID- 3885646
TI  - [Development of an immunoenzyme test system for detecting antibodies to
      commercial strains of feed yeasts].
AB  - ELISA as a specific and highly sensitive test system was used for the examination
      of large groups of workers employed in the production of fodder protein to detect
      antibodies to the production strains of fodder yeast. The results yielded by
      ELISA correlated well with those obtained by the serological luminescent
      techniques, but antibody titers determined by means of ELISA are 10-20 times
      higher.

PMID- 3885647
TI  - [Diagnostic test systems based on the immunoenzyme method in leprosy].
AB  - Diagnostic test systems for the detection of IgG and IgM to Mycobacterium leprae
      in the blood sera of leprosy patients and armadillos experimentally infected with
      M. leprae have been developed on the basis of the indirect immunoperoxidase
      assay. The possibility has been shown of prognosing the activity of the leprotic
      process in leprosy patients and the results of the experimental infection of
      armadillos by the dynamic increase of antibody reactions with the development of
      the infection.

PMID- 3885648
TI  - [Results of using the ELISA method in studying tick-borne encephalitis and
      rabies].
AB  - The results of using the indirect variant of ELISA for the study of serum samples
      from humans and white mice for the presence of antibodies to tick-borne
      encephalitis virus and rabies virus are presented. The high sensitivity and
      specificity of this method have been confirmed.

PMID- 3885649
TI  - [Use of an immunofluorescence micromethod for determining the antigens of the
      influenza and tick-borne encephalitis viruses].
AB  - The diagnostic possibilities of several variants of the solid-phase
      immunofluorescent micromethod (requiring 100-200 microliter of the reaction
      mixture), intended for the determination of influenza virus and tick-borne
      encephalitis virus antigens in material obtained from patients and ticks, have
      been studied. A high degree of correlation between the results obtained by the
      methods under investigation and the control methods has been established.

PMID- 3885651
TI  - [Erythrocyte test preparations for standardizing fluorescent antibodies and the
      serological diagnosis of influenza].
AB  - An erythrocytic diagnostic preparation, obtained by the sandwich method and
      intended for the standardization of antivirus fluorescent antibodies (FA) and the
      determination of specific IgM in the blood sera of patients with a view to the
      early serological diagnosis of influenza, has been proposed. The loading of
      immunosorbents with influenza virus, achieved in this preparation, approaches its
      theoretical limit, the virions being arranged in a single layer, and constitutes
      up to 0.4 hemagglutinating units per 1000 red blood cells. The investigation made
      on 9 commercial and 4 experimental lots of FA has demonstrated that the newly
      developed test preparations serve as a convenient model for the standardization
      of FA and the choice of their optimum working dilution in practical diagnostic
      procedures. In the study of 153 paired blood sera from patients with acute
      respiratory diseases and clinically healthy persons the proposed variant of the
      early diagnosis of influenza has proved to be not inferior to the
      hemagglutination inhibition test and the complement fixation test with respect to
      the main characteristics of their diagnostic value, while having the advantage
      over these tests due to the fact that exact laboratory diagnosis can be made by
      the study of single blood samples as early as on the fourth day of the disease.

PMID- 3885650
TI  - [Status and outlook for the legal protection of biological objects].

PMID- 3885652
TI  - [Immunoenzyme analysis. The isolation and characteristics of Soviet reagents for
      detecting the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus in blood sera].
AB  - A method for the preparation of highly specific conjugates on the basis of
      antibodies obtained as a result of dissociation of the immune complex HBsAg--anti
      HBsAg, formed in vitro, is proposed. ELISA was performed according to Walters
      with some modifications in the concentration of the assay ingredients and in the
      time of incubation. The technique of the assay of blood sera for the presence of
      HBsAg with the use of reagents manufactured in the USSR has been worked out.

PMID- 3885653
TI  - [Hypothesis of the directed self-transformation of populations of microorganisms
      and its general biological significance].

PMID- 3885654
TI  - [Memorable and jubilee dates of neuropathology and psychiatry in 1985].

PMID- 3885655
TI  - [100th anniversary of the Department of Nervous Diseases of Khar'kov Medical
      Institute].

PMID- 3885656
TI  - [Role of carbohydrate metabolism in the pathogenesis of hypoxia in stroke].
AB  - During the first 24 hours of the disease, 34 (62.2%) of 58 patients with ischemic
      stroke exhibited hyperglycemia. Of these, 5 patients suffered from diabetes
      mellitus. Hyperglycemia persisted from several hours to 16 days and was more
      frequent in patients with an unfavourable outcome of the stroke. A number of
      factors were found to be involved in the genesis of hyperglycemia including
      activation of the sympathoadrenal and pituitary-adrenal systems, functional
      insufficiency of the insular apparatus of the pancreas and a decrease in the
      sensitivity of the receptor apparatus of the cells to insulin. Patients with
      hyperglycemia displayed an elevation in the level of glycosylized hemoglobin up
      to 10.3%. The course of stroke in these patients was more severe, often with the
      lethal outcome. The authors proved that the oxygen transport properties of
      hemoglobin may be impaired due to its glycosylization and determined the role of
      the hyperglycemic factor in the pathogenesis of hypoxia.

PMID- 3885657
TI  - [Role of neuroallergy in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis].
AB  - The neurotropic effects of sera were determined in patients with multiple
      sclerosis and in animals with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) using
      some newly devised methods. When multiple sclerosis and EAE were at the stage of
      exacerbation, the kallikrein-kinin system was activated and immune complexes
      content in the blood serum increased. The authors conclude that neuroallergy
      plays the major role in the development of multiple sclerosis exacerbations and
      that the devised methods are valuable for the laboratory confirmation of multiple
      sclerosis diagnosis.

PMID- 3885658
TI  - [Vladimir Alekseevich Bets and the significance of his works in neurology and
      neuromorphology].

PMID- 3885659
TI  - [Limits of reactive delusion formation].

PMID- 3885660
TI  - [Late surgery on injured nerves of the extremities].
AB  - The work characterizes 424 patients with injuries to the nerves of the upper and
      lower extremities who were operated on one year after the trauma and later. It
      was established that such factors as the type of injury, the length of the defect
      in the nerve, and the degree of "refreshment" of the nerve segments may be
      important in predicting the outcome of the late suture applied to the nerves of
      the extremities. The severity of the injury and faults in the diagnosis and
      treatment are the main causes of the prolonged delay in nerve repair. Some
      peculiarities of a late suture applied to the nerves of the extremities are
      pointed out.

PMID- 3885661
TI  - Bacterial lipopolysaccharides and glutathione mixed disulfides as possible
      contaminants of human growth hormone produced with the use of E. coli K12.

PMID- 3885662
TI  - [Covering of substantial loss of substance in breast cancer with local
      complications. Apropos of 57 cases].
AB  - On the basis of 57 cases, the authors report their experience in the repair of
      substantial losses of tissue caused by surgical resection of local neoplastic
      recurrences of breast cancers, in particular those situated in irradiated zones,
      and in certain cases by surgical resection of locally developing and neglected
      neoplastic lesions. Three types of operation are practised and the techniques
      involved in these are reviewed: Omentoplasty according to Kiricuta (35 cases),
      Musculocutaneous flap of the latissimus dorsi muscle (10 cases), Cutaneous and
      cutaneo-glandular flaps (12 cases). The choice of technique is based on the local
      conditions and the evolutivity of the neoplastic disease. The results obtained at
      the local level are then analysed in function of the lesions treated (comparing
      in particular irradiated and non-irradiated zones), the area resected and the
      type of operation chosen. Such an analysis reveals that the pedicled omentum
      flap, owing to its high trophicity, its ease of mobilization and its large size,
      constitutes the most reliable and effective technique in the treatment of
      extensive radionecroses. Less substantial losses of tissue may benefit
      appreciably from the use of a latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap,
      characterized by easy mobilization and high vitality and providing a covering of
      quality at the cost of a relatively unobtrusive scar. The use of cutaneous flaps
      can be advocated only for small areas and should be avoided in irradiated zones.

PMID- 3885663
TI  - Impact of new imaging techniques on survival in cancer of the head of the
      pancreas and the periampullary region.
AB  - The impact of new imaging techniques on diagnostic delay and on survival in
      carcinoma of the head of the pancreas and the periampullary region was
      investigated. The study comprised 67 patients treated before (1968-1975) and 82
      treated after (1979-1981) the introduction of new imaging techniques at Oulu
      University Central Hospital. The symptomatology, diagnostic delay and survival
      rates were identical in both groups, but the number of patients per year
      increased significantly during the latter period. The study indicated that the
      new imaging techniques, despite their increased diagnostic yield, did not
      influence diagnostic delay or survival in pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma.

PMID- 3885664
TI  - Prevention of post-operative infection in appendicectomy by single dose
      intravenous metronidazole. An open prospective randomised study.
AB  - In an open prospective randomized study of appendicectomy, single-dose (1 g)
      intravenous metronidazole prophylaxis (and continued metronidazole plus nalidixic
      acid in perforated appendices) resulted in a lower overall post-operative
      infection rate (1.4%) than no prophylaxis and doxycycline therapy in the case of
      perforation (16%, p less than 0.025). In patients with an unperforated appendix
      no infections occurred after single-dose metronidazole prophylaxis as opposed to
      8.2% infections in untreated controls (p less than 0.025).

PMID- 3885665
TI  - Evaluation of interferon treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

PMID- 3885666
TI  - Target cells of vitamin D in the vertebrate retina.
AB  - Using PAP technique, cellular localization of vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding
      protein (D-CaBP) was investigated in vertebrate retina with monospecific antisera
      against chick duodenal D-CaBP. In the chick retina, the receptor cells were
      positive. In the inner nuclear layer, horizontal cells and some bipolar cells
      were also positive. Some amacrine cells as well as different levels of the inner
      plexiform layer were also positive for D-CaBP. A few interspersed ganglion cells
      were positive but their axons forming the optic tract were negative. Muller's
      cells were negative. In 1-day-old chicks and 4-week-old rachitic chicks there was
      paucity and absence, respectively, of D-CaBP staining in horizontal cells. In the
      mouse, rat, and rabbit the receptors had only trace amounts of reaction product
      in their outer segment and pedicle. Horizontal cells were densely positive
      throughout their cellular body and processes. Some amacrine cells in the inner
      nuclear layer were positive. In the mouse and rat three horizontal levels of the
      outer plexiform layer were very prominent because of their dense staining for D
      CaBP. Many ganglion cells were also positive along with their axons forming the
      optic nerve. In the rabbit, no positive layers were seen in the inner plexiform
      layer, and ganglion cells with their fibers were negative. In the frog retina
      there were smaller amounts of D-CaBP in the receptor cells and horizontal cells
      than that of the chick retina. Also, the fibers of the ganglionic cells were
      positive for D-CaBP. In all species studied, some amacrine cells were stained for
      D-CaBP. Because of its possible roles in membrane calcium transport and
      intracellular Ca++ regulation, it has perhaps similar functions in these positive
      cells. The synthesis of D-CaBP is dependent upon vitamin D. These positive cells
      are thus target cells of vitamin D.

PMID- 3885667
TI  - Anatomical pathways from the white to the red pulp in the human spleen.
AB  - In the human spleen we failed to find marginal zone bridging channels which in
      rats and mice are said to serve as return routes for lymphocytes from the white
      into the red pulp. In human spleens, using anticartilaginous antisera which
      distinctly visualized extracellular structures, in some parts we found the
      periarterial lymphocyte sheath to be closely attached to the red pulp, so that
      lymphocytes and other material could pass from the white pulp directly into the
      red pulp and vice versa. The strips of reticular fibres that seemed to bridge the
      marginal zone between the follicles and the red pulp proved to be components of
      reticular structures around the arteries, passing from the periarterial
      lymphocyte sheath into the follicles or from the follicles through the marginal
      zone into the red pulp.

PMID- 3885668
TI  - Suprapubic versus transurethral bladder drainage after colposuspension/vaginal
      repair.
AB  - Ninety-two patients with preoperative sterile urine undergoing colposuspension or
      vaginal repair operation for stress urinary incontinence and/or genital descensus
      were randomized to either suprapubic or transurethral postoperative catheter
      drainage. The prevalence of significant bacteriuria on the fifth postoperative
      day was statistically significantly lower when using suprapubic catheter (20.8%)
      than with transurethral catheter drainage (45.5%). This applied especially to
      colposuspension. The rate of postoperatively impaired bladder emptying also
      tended to be reduced when using suprapubic catheter. At follow-up after one year,
      postoperative bacteriuria was closely correlated to increased rates of both
      clinical cystitis and asymptomatic significant bacteriuria. Thus it is
      recommended to use suprapubic bladder drainage not only after colposuspension but
      also after vaginal repair in an effort to avoid an increased risk of urinary
      infections.

PMID- 3885669
TI  - Chlamydia, mycoplasmas, ureaplasmas, and yeasts in the lower genital tract of
      females. Comparison between a group attending a venereal disease clinic and a
      control group.
AB  - 162 women were investigated. Group I consisted of 85 women, who were partners to
      men with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) or presented macroscopic signs of
      cervicitis; patients who had harbored Neisseria gonorrhoeae were excluded from
      the study. Group II was a control group of 77 women without any complaints from
      the urogenital tract and with normal findings at pelvic examination. All the
      women were tested for infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis,
      Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Candida albicans. In group I, chlamydiae and
      mycoplasmas were recovered in 44% and 36%, respectively, the corresponding
      figures for the control group (group II) being 5% and 19%. The difference is
      highly significant. No such difference between the two groups was found for
      ureaplasmas. Sixteen percent of the patients in group I were positive for C.
      albicans; 12% were positive in group II. Fifty per cent of asymptomatic NGU
      partners were chlamydia-positive, and about one-third of patients with either
      dysuria or vaginal discharge harbored the organism. No difference in the
      isolation frequency of mycoplasmas was observed between asymptomatic partners to
      male NGU carriers and women with increased vaginal discharge, whereas the
      organism was isolated more frequently from patients with dysuria. Fifty-nine per
      cent of patients with cervicitis were chlamydia-positive, compared with 30% of
      patients with normal cervical appearance and normal vaginal discharge. Samples
      obtained from the cervix were more often positive than samples from the urethra.
      In conclusion, if samples can be taken from only one of the two sites in patients
      with lower genital tract infection, the cervix is the optimal sampling site.

PMID- 3885670
TI  - Induction of labor. A double-blind randomized controlled study of prostaglandin
      E2 vaginal suppositories compared with intranasal oxytocin and with sequential
      treatment.
AB  - In a double-blind randomized controlled study of 300 women, 150 primiparas and
      150 multiparas, induction of labor by means of vaginal suppositories containing 3
      mg prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was compared with the conventional method of
      intranasal oxytocin and with a combined method of 3 mg PGE2 vaginal suppositories
      alternating with intranasal oxytocin. In the PGE2 group the intensity of delivery
      was significantly greater than in the oxytocin group, among both primiparas and
      multiparas and among the patients with ripe and unripe cervix. The efficiency of
      the combined treatment could no be evaluated because of the high intensity of
      delivery during the first 24 hours. There were no maternal side effects, and no
      significant difference in the frequencies of failed induction and cesarean
      section.

PMID- 3885672
TI  - Diclofenac for pain after hip surgery.
AB  - Sixty-eight patients were studied during the day after hip replacement for
      arthrosis. No pain reliever was allowed within 4 h prior to initial assessment of
      pain. An injection of diclofenac 75 mg, pethidine 50 mg, or placebo was given
      intramuscularly, and a second injection was usually given after 3.5 h. Pain was
      recorded before and for 3 h after these injections. Ten patients in the placebo
      group demanded rescue drug because of insufficient pain relief. Four patients
      discontinued the study due to side effects: nausea (one patient in the placebo
      group) and somnolence or nausea (three patients in the pethidine group). Assessed
      both by visual analogue scale (VAS), and by the investigator's assessment, the
      diclofenac group had less pain than the pethidine and placebo groups. Side
      effects were least frequent in the diclofenac group. This study demonstrates that
      at the doses used here, compared with pethidine, diclofenac is more effective in
      relieving postoperative pain and has fewer side effects.

PMID- 3885671
TI  - Serum lipids and lipoproteins in patients with endometrial carcinoma receiving
      adjuvant treatment with hydroxyprogesterone caproate.
AB  - Serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol were
      determined in 57 patients who were undergoing treatment for stage I endometrial
      carcinoma. The patients belonged to a clinical trial where group A (control) was
      treated with surgery plus intravaginal irradiation, whereas group B in addition
      was treated with hydroxyprogesterone caproate (5000 mg i.m. as a loading dose
      followed by 1000 mg every 2 weeks for one year). In group B patients followed
      during the first 13 weeks of treatment, the level of serum triglycerides remained
      stable, whereas the level of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol increased
      significantly. This increase could not, however, have been caused by the
      progestogen treatment, as similar changes were seen in group A patients followed
      for the same period of time. Long-term effects were looked for in patient groups
      examined 3-12 months after the start of treatment and in groups examined 3-6
      months after the hormone therapy was stopped. In neither group could any
      significant difference in cholesterol or HDL-cholesterol be found. It is
      concluded that this type of progestogen treatment causes no significant change in
      the levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol.

PMID- 3885673
TI  - Bone formation enhanced by induction. Bone growth in titanium implants in rats.
AB  - Bone-inducing materials have been investigated for the purpose of augmenting bone
      formation in implants made of porous fiber titanium. The bone-inducing materials
      used were: (1) Bone from the iliac crest of inbred rats (isografts), (2) Antigen
      extracted, autolyzed, demineralized bone from outbred rats (AAA bone a.m. Urist),
      and (3) AAA bone combined with bone marrow from inbred rats. Tubes of fiber
      titanium were packed with bone-inducing materials and implanted in the back
      musculature of inbred rats. Bone formation was assessed by labelling with 3H
      proline (collagen synthesis) and 47Ca (mineral deposit) and by content of calcium
      of the harvested implants. Isografts and AAA bone with marrow yielded a
      substantial amount of new bone. Without the marrow, AAA bone yielded very small
      amounts of new bone.

PMID- 3885674
TI  - Intensive treatment of pseudomonas chest infection in cystic fibrosis: a
      comparison of tobramycin and ticarcillin, and netilmicin and ticarcillin.
AB  - Seventeen cystic fibrosis patients aged 3.1 years to 19.8 years had 30 courses of
      intensive treatment for relapse of their pseudomonas chest infection. The
      combination of netilmicin and ticarcillin was compared with tobramycin and
      ticarcillin in an open study. A significant subjective and objective improvement
      occurred in all patients. Pseudomonas was cleared temporarily from the sputum in
      11 out of the 30 courses of treatment (37%). There was no significant difference
      between the netilmicin and tobramycin groups, nor evidence of sustained renal or
      ototoxicity. Intensive therapy of pseudomonas chest infection in cystic fibrosis
      patients is described in detail.

PMID- 3885675
TI  - The influence of long-term cimetidine as an adjuvant to pancreatic enzyme therapy
      in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Seventeen patients on constant doses of pancreatic enzymes were randomised to
      receive either cimetidine or placebo for either of two successive six month
      periods. Nutritional state and maldigestion were assessed at the beginning and
      end of each period. Reductions in mean values of faecal fat, nitrogen, wet
      weight, and bile salts of approximately 30% were found on cimetidine therapy.
      Results showed considerable variation and only the fall in faecal fat was
      statistically significant. No benefit was demonstrated for height, weight,
      skinfold thickness, albumin, vitamin A, bone age or Crispin-Norman score.

PMID- 3885676
TI  - Ontogeny of IgG2 antibodies against S. aureus teichoic acid in normal and
      immunodeficient children.
AB  - Anti-teichoic acid antibodies of various subclasses were found to be effectively
      transported across the placenta during pregnancy. In adults these antibodies are
      mainly of the IgG2 subclass although substantial amounts of specific IgG1
      antibodies may also be found. During ontogeny, specific IgG1 antibodies develop
      during the second year of life whereas specific IgG2 antibodies appear markedly
      later. In IgG2 deficient children, prolonged deficiency of specific anti-teichoic
      acid antibodies was observed, suggesting a lack of maturation of the appropriate
      idiotype(s). In children who received a bone marrow transplant from adult donors,
      engraftment of IgG2 producing cells could be seen, thus transferring the ability
      to produce specific antibodies.

PMID- 3885677
TI  - The Rosen von Rosenstein Award.

PMID- 3885678
TI  - Langerhans cells in labial minor salivary glands in primary Sjogren's syndrome.
AB  - Langerhans cells were demonstrated among the mononuclear cells in inflamed labial
      minor salivary glands in a patient with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Langerhans
      cells were visualized by the monoclonal antibody, OKT6, by an indirect
      immunofluorescence technique. The possible role of Langerhans cells as antigen
      presenting cells in diseased glandular tissue in primary Sjogren's syndrome must
      be further studied.

PMID- 3885679
TI  - Invasiveness of Salmonella typhimurium in HEp-2 cell cultures pre-infected with
      Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma orale.
AB  - The influence of mycoplasma infection on the in vitro invasiveness of S.
      typhimurium in HEp-2 cell cultures has been tested. Two strains of arginine
      utilizing mycoplasma species Mycoplasma hominis and M. orale both seemed to
      inhibit the bacterial in vitro invasiveness. Both the ratio of infected cells and
      the number of intracellular bacteria per cell were reduced in the mycoplasma
      infected cultures.

PMID- 3885680
TI  - Anti-DNA antibodies: the choice of assays for routine diagnostic work.
AB  - Sixty-six sera from 23 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 26 sera
      from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 22 sera from normal healthy
      subjects were tested for the presence of antibodies against native (ds) DNA by
      the Crithidia luciliae immunofluorescence test and by the Farr assay, and for the
      presence of antibodies against denaturated (ss) DNA by the enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti-dsDNA antibodies were detected in 57% of the
      SLE patients by the Crithidia test and in 65% by the Farr assay. Two of the RA
      sera were positive in the Crithidia test, whereas all were Farr negative. Anti
      ssDNA antibodies of IgG class could be detected in 74% of the SLE patients and in
      none of the RA sera, while anti-ssDNA antibodies of IgM class were found in 26%
      of the SLE patients and in one RA serum. There was a good correlation between the
      results of the Farr assay and the IgG-anti-ssDNA ELISA but no agreement was found
      between the results of the Farr assay and the Crithidia test. We also measured
      the amount of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the sera but no correlation was seen
      between the levels of CRP and anti-DNA antibodies. We conclude that the
      demonstration of anti-ssDNA antibodies of IgG class is a good screening method in
      the diagnosis of SLE, and that antibodies against native DNA should be
      determined, preferably both by the Crithidia test and the Farr assay to confirm
      the diagnosis and in the follow-up of the patients.

PMID- 3885681
TI  - Anti-immunoglobulins in experimental streptococcal immunization; relation to
      bacterial growth conditions and Fc-receptors.
AB  - Heat-killed group A streptococci of types M12 and M22 were used for intravenous
      immunization of 60 rabbits. Presence of Fc-receptors binding monomeric IgG in M22
      and their absence in M12 has been demonstrated previously. The strains were
      cultured in either Todd-Hewitt broth supplemented with 10% horse serum (TH-H) or
      in IsoVitaleX, a synthetic medium, supplemented with 10% autologous rabbit serum
      (IV-R). A mortality rate of 38% was noted in the first-mentioned group whereas no
      mortality was observed in the second group. Sera were examined for agglutination
      of red blood cells coated with either human or rabbit IgG. Antisera to strains
      cultured in TH-H regularly displayed anti-IgG antibodies reacting with human as
      well as rabbit IgG; anti-rabbit IgG titres of anti-M22 sera were significantly
      higher than those of anti-M12. Antisera to strains grown in IV-R displayed high
      levels of antibodies reacting with human but not with rabbit IgG. The levels of
      anti-human IgG did not differ between anti-M12 and anti-M22 sera.

PMID- 3885682
TI  - Circadian rhythms of food and 1% NaCl intake, urine and electrolyte excretion,
      plasma renin activity and insulin concentration in adrenalectomized rats.
AB  - The circadian rhythms of food and 1% NaCl intake, and urine, Na+, Cl- and K+
      excretion were followed up in male Wistar rats before and one week after
      bilateral adrenalectomy at 4-hour intervals during two consecutive days. The
      circadian rhythms of plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma immunoreactive
      insulin (IRI) were evaluated after decapitation of both intact and
      adrenalectomized rats at 08, 16 and 24 h. To all rats 1% NaCl was offered instead
      of drinking water. Adrenalectomy did not cause any significant phase shift in the
      cosine curves approximating the data collected at 4-hour intervals. The circadian
      rhythms showed the same relationships before and after the operation: the rhythms
      of food intake, K+ excretion and saline intake preceded significantly the rhythms
      of urine, Na+ and Cl- excretion. Adrenalectomy induced an increase in mean PRA
      and shifted its minimal value from 08 to 24 h. After the operation mean IRI
      decreased and the minimal value shifted from 16 to 24 h. It was concluded that
      adrenal glands do not play an important role in the synchronization of the
      circadian rhythms of food and 1% NaCl intake, urine and synchronization of the
      circadian rhythms of food and 1% NaCl intake, urine and electrolyte excretion
      with the illumination cycle, but play a relevant role in the synchronization of
      the circadian rhythms of PRA and IRI in the rat.

PMID- 3885683
TI  - Time-dependent heterogeneity of filtration rate in the autoregulating rat kidney.
AB  - Experiments were performed to study the regulation of the single-nephron
      glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) in superficial and juxtamedullary nephrons, as
      the left kidney of Sprague Dawley rats was submitted to a reduced arterial
      pressure of 70 mmHg by means of an aortic clamp. The SNGFR at different cortical
      levels was measured 0.5, 1, 5, 20 or 45 min after the reduction, in order to
      ascertain whether the effects of the regulatory mechanisms are modified with
      time. A Hanssen technique was used, which allows one determination of filtration
      rates per animal. At a renal arterial pressure (RAP) of 100 mmHg (= control
      animals) the SNGFR amounted to 20 +/- 1.2 and 23 +/- 0.8 nl X min-1 X g-1 kidney
      weight in the outer and inner cortical (OC, IC) nephrons. When RAP was further
      reduced to 70 mmHg, the autoregulation of SNGFR, determined after 0.5 min, was
      highly efficient for both OC and IC nephrons (19 +/- 2.0, 23 +/- 2.6). A
      prolonged reduction in RAP caused a gradual decline in SNGFR. The filtration rate
      measured after 5 min was 15 +/- 1.4 for OC and 20 +/- 1.8 for IC nephrons. The
      decline was most pronounced for OC nephrons, which led to a fractional
      redistribution in favour of IC nephrons. Thus, SNGFRIC/SNGFROC was 1.16 +/- 0.065
      when RAP was 100 mmHg and 1.41 +/- 0.126 after 5 min with an RAP of 70 mmHg. It
      is well documented that suprarenal aortic occlusion is a powerful stimulus for
      the release of renin. This was manifested as an increase in the arterial pressure
      proximal to the aortic clamp.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3885684
TI  - Comparison of computerised self-rating scales for depression with conventional
      observer ratings.
AB  - Highly significant correlations are demonstrated between a microcomputer
      delivered self-rating Hamilton Rating Scale and conventional Observer Hamilton
      Rating Scales. These results demonstrate that self-rating using a microcomputer
      can provide a clinically useful tool in assessing the severity of depressive
      illness and monitoring progress with treatment.

PMID- 3885686
TI  - Cervical interbody fusion. The significance of graft shape. A technical note.

PMID- 3885685
TI  - Internal neurolysis or ligament division only in carpal tunnel syndrome--results
      of a randomized study.
AB  - In a series of patients with clinically and neurophysiologically well defined
      carpal tunnel syndrome a randomization has been made into two groups, one for
      operation with internal neurolysis and a microscopical technique, and the other
      group for cutting of the carpal ligament (flexor retinaculum) alone. The two
      groups have been compared postoperatively regarding clinical and
      neurophysiological parameters. All patients improved, 89% in both groups
      considered themselves totally free of symptoms at follow-up examinations but
      there was no significant difference in any parameter between the two groups. As a
      conclusion the use of internal neurolysis cannot be recommended as a routine
      procedure in carpal tunnel syndrome.

PMID- 3885687
TI  - Digital splenoportography.

PMID- 3885688
TI  - Sonography of axillofemoral and femorofemoral subcutaneous arterial bypass
      grafts.
AB  - Axillofemoral and femorofemoral grafts in 12 patients were examined on 22
      occasions with linear-array and digital static scanners with 5-MHz transducers
      and a 10-MHz high-resolution real-time instrument. Real-time instruments that
      produce a linear image, particularly high-resolution small-parts units, are the
      most appropriate to define the incorporation of the prosthesis, its pulsatility,
      and the nature of the perigraft bed. Early after implantation, these grafts have
      small perigraft fluid collections in the surgically created tunnels. These
      collections disappear spontaneously as the graft is incorporated into the
      tissues. However, discrete and persistent perigraft fluid collections are
      abnormal. Such collections were noted in five patients. One proved to be abscess
      and four were seromas. Graft occlusions (four patients) and an anastomotic
      aneurysm (one patient) were also readily diagnosed on sonography.

PMID- 3885689
TI  - Sonographic monitoring of hepatic cryosurgery in an experimental animal model.
AB  - Several cryosurgical techniques for freezing hepatic parenchyma have been
      developed. To assess the efficacy of sonographic monitoring of hepatic
      cryosurgery, an experimental animal model was devised. Real-time sonography was
      used to monitor the in vivo evolution of hypothermically induced hepatic
      cryolesions in four mongrel dogs. The results suggest that sonography is an
      effective and accurate means of monitoring the entire freezing and thawing cycle
      in hepatic cryosurgery.

PMID- 3885690
TI  - Liver infarction in sickle cell disease.

PMID- 3885691
TI  - Abdominal lymphadenopathy in intravenous drug addicts: sonographic features and
      clinical significance.
AB  - The sonographic features of abdominal lymphadenopathy in 35 patients with history
      of intravenous drug addiction were analyzed to assess their clinical
      significance. Of the 28 proven cases, 15 were due to reactive hyperplasia, 10 to
      infections, and three to neoplasms. Sonography was helpful in assessing the
      pathologic nature of these nodes. Most nodes attributable to reactive hyperplasia
      were small (less than or equal to 1.5 cm diam) and showed a characteristic
      distribution in the porta hepatis, celiac axis, and peripancreatic regions.
      Hypoechoic nodes were always pathologic, due either to tuberculosis or to
      neoplasm. Nodes larger than 1.5 cm in diameter and primarily involving the lower
      retroperitoneum, splenic hilum, and mesentery are highly suspicious for
      pathologic nodes, and appropriate biopsies are indicated for diagnosis.

PMID- 3885692
TI  - Mucocele of the appendix and pseudomyxoma peritonei.
AB  - Mucocele of the appendix is a descriptive term for an abnormal mucous
      accumulation distending the appendiceal lumen. Pseudomyxoma peritonei is
      characterized by mucinous ascites and implants throughout the abdominal cavity.
      Thirty-four cases of appendiceal mucocele and seven cases of pseudomyxoma
      peritonei of appendiceal origin on file at the Armed Forces Institute of
      Pathology were reviewed for their clinical, pathologic, and radiologic findings.
      These cases provided examples of the major radiologic findings reported in this
      entity. Previously unreported findings of dependent echoes within some mucoceles
      on sonography and pseudomyxoma peritonei tracking along the umbilical vein
      remnant or mimicking an intrahepatic mass are presented.

PMID- 3885693
TI  - Evaluation and treatment of intraabdominal bilomas.
AB  - In a 3-year period, 21 intraabdominal bilomas developed in 18 patients. Fifteen
      of the patients had a solitary biloma, and the other three patients each had two
      separate concurrent bilomas. The major cause of biloma formation was
      postoperative bile leakage from a bile duct after laparotomy done primarily for
      surgery on the gallbladder or liver. Maximal diameter of the bilomas in the
      transaxial plane ranged from 2 to 19 cm. Sixteen of the bilomas were in the right
      upper quadrant, and five were in the left upper quadrant. Two large right-sided
      collections extended caudally into the lower abdomen. The contours of the bilomas
      were configured by the diaphragm, mesenteries, liver, and other abdominal organs.
      On CT and sonography, the bilomas were invariably well demarcated, but most did
      not have an identifiable capsule. CT did demonstrate a thin rim on four bilomas
      and a thick rim on one. In 19 bile collections, the CT numbers were less than 20
      H. The combination of the clinical history, the location, and the CT appearance
      of the lesion led to the correct diagnosis in each case. Percutaneous drainage
      was an effective form of therapy that often eliminated the need for surgical
      drainage.

PMID- 3885694
TI  - Early gestation: correlation of HCG levels and sonographic identification.
AB  - Previous reports have indicated that an intrauterine gestational sac is not
      usually detected when the maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is
      less than 6000 mIU/ml. In order to evaluate this observation, maternal serum HCG
      concentrations were correlated with sonographic uterine findings in 49 patients
      with normal early intrauterine pregnancies. Of 37 patients in whom a gestational
      sac was seen, simultaneous HCG levels were 1800 mIU/ml or more in 36 cases and
      357 mlU/ml in one case. In 12 cases in which a gestational sac was not detected,
      the serum HCG levels were 1400 mIU/ml or less. Thirteen patients had HCG levels
      of less than 6000 mlU/ml. A linear relation was found between gestational sac
      size and the exponential rise of HCG levels in early pregnancy (p less than
      0.001). Of the 13 patients in whom HCG levels were less than 6000 mIU/ml, the
      gestational sac measured 10 mm or less in each case. Currently, a gestational sac
      is always seen when the HCG level is greater than 1800 mIU/ml. Comparison of
      serum HCG levels with sonographic detection of the gestational sac seems to be a
      useful method of evaluating early pregnancy.

PMID- 3885695
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta.
AB  - Experience with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 10 normal control patients
      and 13 patients with known abdominal aortic aneurysms is presented. The aorta,
      renal artery origins, and iliac arteries were clearly identified in all control
      patients. Ten out of 13 aneurysms were optimally visualized. Three cases early in
      the experience were poorly seen and permitted less confident measurements. Renal
      artery origins were identified in 12 cases and judged to be uninvolved by the
      aneurysm in 11. Iliac arteries were identified in 11 cases and judged to be
      definitely aneurysmal in three. Sonography clearly depicted all 13 aneurysms.
      Correlation of the actual anteroposterior (AP) and transverse diameter aneurysm
      measurements with both techniques was excellent. Sonography failed to identify
      the renal artery origins in all cases, but could infer noninvolvement in two
      cases. Iliac arteries were seen in eight cases and judged definitely aneurysmal
      in three. According to these preliminary results, both MRI and sonography provide
      accurate AP and transverse outer wall measurements. MRI is superior in
      determining the presence of renal and/or iliac involvement. The authors
      recommend, however, that sonography continue to be the preliminary screening
      method.

PMID- 3885696
TI  - Measuring abdominal aortic aneurysms on digital subtraction arteriograms.

PMID- 3885697
TI  - Duplex Doppler: identification of cavernous transformation of the portal vein.
AB  - Three cases of cavernous transformation of the portal vein are presented, which
      emphasize the value of duplex Doppler sonography in the recognition of abnormal
      vascular structures. In all three cases, cavernous transformation was
      unsuspected; in two, the initial sonographic or CT examinations were interpreted
      incorrectly. These cases suggest that the combination of characteristic pulsed
      Doppler waveforms and the real-time appearance of cavernous transformation is
      virtually diagnostic.

PMID- 3885698
TI  - Aging and the kidney: clinical implications.
AB  - Beyond the age of 30, kidney size begins to decrease, and there are accompanying
      decreases in total renal blood flow, outer cortical flow, glomerular filtration
      rate and the ability both to conserve and to excrete sodium. There is also a
      decline in concentrating ability and possibly in diluting ability. These changes
      make the elderly patient more susceptible both to hyponatremic and to
      hypernatremic states.

PMID- 3885699
TI  - Prophylactic effect of intravenous tiapamil on methylergometrine-induced coronary
      artery spasm in patients with variant angina: randomized double-blind trial.
AB  - Tiapamil is a new calcium entry blocker. The ability of its intravenous form to
      prevent methylergometrine-induced coronary artery spasm was studied in 11
      consecutive patients with angiographically documented vasospastic angina. The
      study was designed as a double-blind crossover trial of tiapamil vs placebo. Each
      patient received, in a randomized order, either tiapamil, as a 1.5 mg/kg
      intravenous bolus followed by a 50 micrograms/kg/min infusion lasting 3 hours, or
      a matched placebo. Immediately after the infusion, methylergometrine tests were
      performed with up to 0.4 mg of methylergometrine or until a positive ECG was
      recorded. Compared to the values obtained after placebo infusion, tiapamil
      significantly lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure (respective pre- and
      posttiapamil values: 119.9 +/- 17.7 vs 142.1 +/- 25.5 mm Hg, p less than 0.01;
      and 72.0 +/- 9.1 vs 82.4 +/- 9.3 mm Hg, p less than 0.02); the drug exerted no
      significant effect on heart rate (63.9 +/- 13.3 vs 67.6 +/- 16.5 bpm, NS), PR
      interval (0.180 +/- 0.020 vs 0.177 +/- 0.017 sec NS), or QTc interval (404.4 +/-
      16.5 vs 396.0 +/- 26.6 msec, NS). After placebo, 10 patients had positive
      methylergometrine tests following single doses ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 mg. The
      remaining patient developed ventricular bigeminy, which resolved immediately
      after administration of isosorbide dinitrate; his test was therefore considered
      negative in the evaluation of the results. In contrast, after tiapamil, eight
      patients had negative tests for doses of up to 0.4 mg methylergometrine, and
      three had positive tests for the same methylergometrine doses as after the
      placebo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3885700
TI  - Comparison of propafenone and disopyramide for treatment of chronic ventricular
      arrhythmias: placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized crossover study.
AB  - In a double blind, placebo-controlled study, the efficacy of propafenone, a new
      antiarrhythmic drug was compared to that of disopyramide. Sixteen patients with
      frequent and complex premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) were studied by
      serial 24-hour ambulatory monitoring, while they were receiving propafenone, 300
      mg, and disopyramide, 200 mg, both every 8 hours. A reduction in the mean
      frequency of PVCs per hour, in comparison to the placebo period, from 574 +/- 535
      to 100 +/- 130, was observed after propafenone (p less than 0.005) and from 629
      +/- 455 to 231 +/- 280 after disopyramide (p less than 0.008). A greater than 70%
      reduction in PVCs in comparison to placebo was observed in 11 of 14 after
      propafenone and 9 of 15 after disopyramide (NS). A greater than or equal to 90%
      reduction in PVCs was observed in 9 of 16 with propafenone and in 4 of 15 with
      disopyramide (p less than 0.05). The suppression of complex PVCs (repetitive,
      polymorphic, or more than 5/min with bigeminism) was observed in 11 of 14 after
      propafenone and in 9 of 14 after disopyramide. The abolition of nonsustained
      ventricular tachycardia was observed in 6 of 6 and 3 of 5, respectively, after
      propafenone and disopyramide (p less than 0.05). A lower incidence of side
      effects, 4 of 16 vs 8 of 16, was observed during propafenone than during
      disopyramide treatment. We conclude that propafenone, in a dose of 900 mg daily,
      is more effective than disopyramide, in a dose of 600 mg daily, in the treatment
      of frequent and complex PVCs and nonsustained ventricular tachycardias.
      Propafenone also showed a lower incidence of side effects.

PMID- 3885701
TI  - Beneficial effects from systematic dosage reduction of the diuretic,
      chlorthalidone: a randomized study within a clinical trial.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the effects on blood pressure and
      selected biochemical measures of reducing the dosage of chlorthalidone from 100
      mg to 50 mg. Within the larger study (Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial),
      140 Special Intervention hypertensive men, taking 100 mg of chlorthalidone daily,
      were randomly assigned to either a continuation of 100 mg or a dosage reduction
      to 50 mg daily. Men were followed monthly for 4 months. Measures were made of
      blood pressure, serum potassium, serum uric acid, serum glucose, serum
      cholesterol, and triglycerides. Blood pressure change from baseline to 4 months
      revealed a significantly higher diastolic blood pressure in the group continued
      on the 100 mg dose compared to the dose reduction group. However, analysis of
      covariance, which took into account baseline differences in blood pressure,
      resulted in a nonsignificant difference in follow-up blood pressure (systolic and
      diastolic) between groups. Serum potassium increased significantly in the dose
      reduction group, especially in those participants taking supplemental potassium
      chloride. The results of this study demonstrate that a reduced dose of 50 mg
      chlorthalidone over the 4-month period was as effective as the 100 mg dose in
      long-term, well-controlled hypertensive men. Careful study of other
      antihypertensive agents is warranted to determine the drug dose that is maximally
      effective for blood pressure lowering and that also minimized toxic and adverse
      effects.

PMID- 3885702
TI  - Sudden cardiac death following acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3885703
TI  - Epidemiological assessment of the role of physical activity and fitness in
      development of cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 3885705
TI  - From irritable heart to mitral valve prolapse: British Army medical reports, 1860
      to 1870.

PMID- 3885704
TI  - Acute hemodynamic effect of a vascular antagonist of vasopressin in patients with
      congestive heart failure.
AB  - To assess the role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in congestive heart failure
      (CHF), 10 patients with CHF refractory to conventional treatment were studied
      before and 60 minutes after intravenous administration of 5 micrograms/kg of
      d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP, a specific antagonist of AVP at the vascular receptor level.
      Heart rate, systemic arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary
      capillary wedge pressure, cardiac index by thermodilution and cutaneous blood
      flow by laser-Doppler technique were measured. In 9 patients with no significant
      hemodynamic and cutaneous blood flow response to the AVP antagonist, baseline
      values (mean +/- standard deviation) were: heart rate, 77 +/- 14 beats/min;
      systemic arterial pressure, 120/79 +/- 18/8 mm Hg; pulmonary arterial pressure,
      42/21 +/- 12/8 mm Hg; pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, 19 +/- 7 mm Hg; cardiac
      index, 2.2 +/- 0.6 liters/min/m2; plasma AVP, 2.3 +/- 0.8 pg/ml; and plasma
      osmolality, 284 +/- 14 mosm/kg H2O. The tenth patient had the most severe CHF.
      His plasma AVP level was 55 pg/ml and plasma osmolality was 290 mosm/kg. He
      responded to the AVP antagonist with a decrease in systemic arterial pressure
      from 115/61 to 79/41 mm Hg, in pulmonary arterial pressure from 58/31 to 33/13 mm
      Hg and in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure from 28 to 15 mm Hg. Simultaneously,
      cardiac index increased from 1.1 to 2.2 liters/min/m2 and heart rate from 113 to
      120 beats/min; cutaneous blood flow increased 5-fold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3885706
TI  - Effect of vasodilators on survival in chronic congestive heart failure.

PMID- 3885707
TI  - Acute myocardial infarction treated with intracoronary streptokinase: a report of
      the Society for Cardiac Angiography.
AB  - The Society for Cardiac Angiography maintains a registry of intracoronary
      streptokinase therapy (IC-SK) in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
      Between July 1981 and August 1984, 1,029 patients were entered into the registry.
      The baseline and clinical characteristics of patients were determined, the early
      results of therapy were evaluated, and baseline characteristics of those in whom
      reperfusion was achieved were compared with those in whom it was not.
      Multivariate discriminant analysis was used to identify the predictors of
      reperfusion and hospital mortality. The overall rate of reperfusion was 71.2%.
      Reperfusion was positively associated with hypotension, absence of cardiogenic
      shock and early treatment. The hospital mortality rate for all patients was 8.2%
      and was higher for women and the elderly. The hospital mortality was
      significantly lower among patients in whom reperfusion was achieved compared with
      those in whom it was not (5.5% vs 14.7%, p less than 0.0001) and for several high
      risk subgroups. Thus, coronary artery reperfusion induced by IC-SK significantly
      reduces hospital mortality in high-risk patients with acute myocardial
      infarction. High-risk patients in whom reperfusion fails with IC-SK therapy
      should be considered for early coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass
      surgery.

PMID- 3885708
TI  - Improved myocardial contractility with glucose-insulin-potassium infusion during
      pacing in coronary artery disease.
AB  - The metabolic and mechanical effects of a solution of glucose-insulin-potassium
      (G-I-K) were investigated in 18 patients who underwent diagnostic cardiac
      catheterization for coronary artery disease. All patients were paced at a rate of
      approximately 140 beats/min before and after infusion of G-I-K. Basal and paced
      left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure, dP/dt, arterial substrate levels
      and osmolarity were measured in all 18 patients. In 13 patients cardiac index was
      also measured. In 5 patients arterial-coronary sinus measurements of oxygen,
      carbon dioxide, glucose, free fatty acids, lactate, alanine, glutamate,
      glutamine, ammonia and urea were made, in addition to coronary sinus blood flow.
      G-I-K increased the blood sugar level to approximately 200 mg/dl and raised the
      serum osmolarity 9 mosmol. Pacing alone raised the cardiac index 4% and pacing
      with G-I-K increased the cardiac index 6% (p less than 0.05). Pacing before G-I-K
      augmented dP/dt (21%) and pacing with G-I-K increased it (30%) (p less than
      0.01). The metabolic changes noted included a shift in the respiratory quotient
      from 0.77 to 0.96 with G-I-K infusion (p less than 0.05). During G-I-K infusion
      the myocardial oxygen consumption at rest increased from 17.1 to 21.8 ml/min
      (23%, p less than 0.05). Myocardial oxygen consumption during pacing was similar
      before and after G-I-K infusion. Before G-I-K infusion nitrogen balance was
      slightly positive; after G-I-K infusion it was negative with regard to the
      nitrogen-containing compounds measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3885710
TI  - The measurement of whole body water by H2(18)O dilution in newborn pigs.
AB  - Whole body water was measured in newborn piglets by isotope dilution with
      H2(18)O. The results were compared with those obtained by direct analysis of
      whole body water made by freeze-drying. When the tracer dose of H2(18)O was given
      to 30 piglets by intragastric gavage, post-equilibration values measured in urine
      were highly variable (average equilibration error equalled 9%) and the random
      error of the technique in predicting body water was 13%. When the dose was given
      to 49 animals intravenously, the post-equilibration values in urine were less
      variable (equilibration error equalled 4%), the random error of the technique was
      7%, and body water was overestimated by 2%. The random error was reduced to 6% if
      data from animals in which equilibration errors exceeded 10% were excluded. When
      18O enrichment in plasma instead of urine was measured, the technique was less
      precise (random error 11%). The estimation of body water from H2(18)O
      overestimates body water by 2%. Isotope dilution with 18O is a safe, accurate and
      repeatable method for the estimation of whole body water, and is suitable for use
      in adult and newborn humans.

PMID- 3885709
TI  - Cardiac aspergillosis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3885711
TI  - Human and animal fat cell size determination using an image analyzing computer.
AB  - An automatization of the fat cell's morphological parameters determination with
      an image analyzing computer is proposed. The results obtained with this technique
      are compared to results obtained from the usual methods. Combined with frozen cut
      slices of adipose tissue, this automatized determination of fat cell size is well
      adapted for the large number of samples necessary for a specialized hospital
      service.

PMID- 3885712
TI  - Immunohistopathologic evaluation of C1q in 800 renal biopsy specimens.
AB  - The frequency, distribution, and intensity of C1q localization were evaluated in
      800 renal biopsy specimens, and these observations were correlated with light,
      immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy findings. Intense C1q immunostaining
      was most frequent in proliferative and membranous lupus glomerulonephritis and in
      a recently described form of proliferative glomerulonephritis designated "C1q
      nephropathy." Moderate intensity C1q immunostaining was observed in most cases of
      type I but not type II, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Unlike lupus
      membranous glomerulopathy, non-lupus membranous glomerulopathy usually did not
      have extensive C1q localization. C1q was scanty or absent in IgA nephropathy and
      antiglomerular basement membrane antibody mediated glomerulonephritis. C1q, along
      with IgM and C3, was often present at sites of glomerular sclerosis, especially
      in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Extraglomerular C1q was most frequent and
      most intense in cases of lupus nephritis having extraglomerular immune deposits.
      The presence or absence and intensity of C1q immunostaining were shown to be
      useful in the differential diagnosis of some glomerulopathies.

PMID- 3885713
TI  - Acute phase serodiagnosis using Quik-Sep ion exchange chromatography.
AB  - A commercial ion-exchange column method (Quik-Sep) for isolation of
      immunoglobulin M (IgM) free from immunoglobulin G (IgG) was evaluated. After
      column separation, serum IgM recovery averaged 88% (46-100%) with IgG removal
      averaging 95% (91-100%). Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii IgM antibodies were
      recovered without a change in titer, whereas IgG antibodies were removed
      effectively. Rheumatoid factor (RF) interference and IgG blocking antibodies were
      eliminated following column chromatography.

PMID- 3885714
TI  - Comparison of media for recovery of clinical isolates of Legionella pneumophila.
AB  - Seven media were prepared in house or purchased commercially and were compared
      for their ability to recover Legionella pneumophila from clinical specimens.
      Media containing alpha-ketoglutarate from either source detected colonies
      earlier, more often, and in greater quantities than media without alpha
      ketoglutarate. Media without charcoal performed poorly.

PMID- 3885715
TI  - Liver disease and the PI ElembergM phenotype of alpha 1-antitrypsin.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to document clinical and pathologic observations
      concerning liver disease associated with the PI ElembergM phenotype of alpha 1
      antitrypsin. Deposits of alpha 1-antitrypsin that were periodic acid-Schiff
      positive and stained with an antiserum to alpha 1-antitrypsin were found in the
      liver of a markedly jaundiced, terminally ill patient with Stage IV primary
      biliary cirrhosis. A biopsy performed three years earlier failed to reveal alpha
      1-antitrypsin deposits. The phenotype PI ElembergM was verified by both acid
      starch gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing in agarose. The deposits of
      alpha 1-antitrypsin in the liver appear to be a consequence of the patient's
      disease and age and not due to an association with the PI*Elemberg allele.
      Accumulation of alpha 1-antitrypsin in the liver of this patient may be due to an
      accelerated synthesis of this protease inhibitor exceeding the liver's capacity
      for glycosylation or other steps in its secretion.

PMID- 3885716
TI  - Management of diabetes mellitus in children younger than 5 years of age.
AB  - Optimal treatment for children younger than 5 years of age with insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus is not well defined. Nineteen young children with this disease
      were treated with a program in which frequent home blood-glucose monitoring was
      used as the basis for an educational program emphasizing parental adjustment of
      insulin in response to current glucose levels and anticipated diet and exercise.
      Eleven children were treated from diagnosis (group I) and another eight (group D)
      were referred after less intensive treatment. The mean duration of observation of
      group I children was 13.6 months (range, six to 24 months). For group D, the mean
      time between diagnosis and referral was 14.9 months (range, seven to 24 months)
      and 14.6 months (range, six to 24 months) after referral. Before referral, there
      were 11 hospitalizations in group D. During the intensified program there were
      two hospitalizations in group D and one in group I. There were 3.3 episodes of
      severe hypoglycemia per child per 18 months in group D before referral, 1.7
      episodes after referral, and 0.4 episodes in group I. Ten of 14 severe
      hypoglycemic episodes during intensified treatment occurred when there was no or
      infrequent home blood-glucose monitoring. Only four episodes seemed to have been
      unpredictable and unpreventable. Mean glycosylated hemoglobin levels were higher
      in group D patients when compared with both the duration of insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus and the time of initiation of intensified treatment. Mean daily
      insulin doses increased progressively in group I patients following diagnosis,
      and were comparable with those in group D patients at 15 and 18 months' duration
      of illness. Thus, frequency of hospitalization and severe hypoglycemia can be
      decreased in young children. Frequent home blood-glucose monitoring is required
      and extensive educational and psychosocial support is necessary for families to
      implement this intensive approach. The long-term effects on psychoneurological
      development need evaluation.

PMID- 3885717
TI  - Trends in clinical characteristics of infants with spina bifida--Atlanta, 1972
      1979.
AB  - In Atlanta, the birth prevalence of spina bifida declined from 10.1 per 10,000
      live births in 1972-1973 to 5.8 per 10,000 live births in 1978-1979. This trend
      cannot be explained by use of prenatal diagnosis, because it was unavailable in
      Atlanta until 1976, and even in the late 1970s was not used widely. To determine
      if this decrease was associated with changes in the distribution of clinical
      characteristics among infants with spina bifida, we reviewed the medical records
      of a population-based group of 154 infants with spina bifida, born in Atlanta
      during the eight-year period from 1972 through 1979. Distribution by the highest
      level of the defect on the spine did not change during these years. The
      proportions of infants with isolated spina bifida (ie, no other major
      malformations) and with open spina bifida (ie, not covered by skin) did, however,
      decrease. When we examined these two characteristics simultaneously, we found
      declines in both the proportion of infants with open-isolated spina bifida and
      the birth prevalence of infants with open-isolated spina bifida. If this trend
      persists, it will have important implications for workers involved with prenatal
      alpha-fetoprotein screening and researchers investigating the etiology of spina
      bifida.

PMID- 3885718
TI  - Survival of infants with spina bifida--Atlanta, 1972-1979.
AB  - We studied the survival of a population-based cohort of 154 infants with spina
      bifida who were born during the eight-year period from 1972 through 1979 to
      residents of Atlanta. Our objectives were to describe the cohort's survival
      experience and to explore relationships between clinical characteristics and
      survival. Overall, 57% of the cohort survived one year or more. This figure is
      misleading, however, because it conceals important differences in survival among
      subgroups of affected infants. From univariate analyses, we observed significant
      differences in survival among infants categorized by year of birth, birth weight,
      the open-closed status of the defect, the highest level of the defect on the
      spine, the presence of multiple major birth defects, and the presence of
      hydrocephalus at birth. More infants born in the late 1970s survived their first
      year of life than infants born in the early 1970s; infants with open defects had
      lower survival than those with closed defects; and infants whose defects were low
      on the spine had better survival than those whose defects were higher. When
      comparing the survival experience of this cohort with that of other groups from
      other areas or from more recent years, health workers must consider referral
      biases and differences in the distribution of clinical characteristics.

PMID- 3885719
TI  - The writings of Sir Bernard Spilsbury: Part II.
AB  - This is the second and final part of the compilation highlighting the rate works
      of Sir Bernard Spilsbury. Despite his vast experience he never chose to write a
      textbook or training book for his lectures. The second part of this work includes
      an address entitled "Some Medico-Legal Aspects of Shock", which was presented on
      October 26, 1933. It was published in the Medico-Legal and Criminological Review,
      Vol. 2, Part 1, January 1934. (This is a publication of the Medico-Legal Society
      of Great Britain). The second article is a case report entitled "A Hat from a
      Fatal Case of Shooting". This was published in The Transactions of the Medico
      Legal Society, 1927, p. 103, and was presented at a meeting held March 24, 1927.

PMID- 3885720
TI  - Forensic aspects of fraternity hazing.
AB  - Although the news media has occasionally reported deaths and injuries related to
      fraternity hazing in the past, little, if any, attention has been given to the
      subject in the medical literature. In light of the medicolegal implications
      surrounding many of these incidents, it is important that medical examiners be
      aware of the problem. One hundred sixty-eight (168) cases of injuries and deaths
      related to fraternity hazing activities occurring in the past 60 years in the
      United States have been collected from secondary sources. A descriptive
      statistical analysis of the data is presented.

PMID- 3885721
TI  - The role of forensic evidence in child abuse and neglect.

PMID- 3885722
TI  - Serum levels of secretory immunoglobulin A in liver disease.
AB  - Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in serum was measured in patients with various
      liver diseases using enzyme immunoassay specific to sIgA. Marked elevation of the
      serum sIgA concentrations was found in liver diseases especially in intrahepatic
      or extrahepatic cholestasis. In chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis serum sIgA
      correlated significantly with leucine aminopeptidase (r = 0.69), GOT (r = 0.66),
      alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.55), and direct bilirubin (r = 0.42). In acute
      hepatitis their levels correlated significantly with total bilirubin (r = 0.59)
      and GPT (r = 0.55). In acute hepatitis and acute exacerbation of chronic
      hepatitis the major peaks of serum sIgA were observed later than those of liver
      enzymes. These results suggest two mechanisms working to elevate the serum sIgA
      levels in liver diseases. In chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and intrahepatic
      and extrahepatic cholestasis the raised serum sIgA probably reflects reflux of
      bile, a rich source of secretory component and sIgA, into circulation. In acute
      or chronic massive liver necrosis elevation of sIgA may be associated with liver
      regeneration. Serial measurement of serum sIgA with other conventional parameters
      will contribute much to the understanding of the pathophysiology of liver
      diseases.

PMID- 3885723
TI  - Platelet sensitivity to antiaggregatory prostaglandins (PGE1,D2,I2) in patients
      with peripheral vascular disease.
AB  - Platelet sensitivity to antiaggregatory prostaglandins (PGI2, PGE1, PGD2) was
      studied in 143 patients (122 male) with angiographically proven peripheral
      vascular disease and compared with age-matched clinically normal controls.
      Patients had a significantly lower platelet sensitivity to PGI2, PGE1, and PGD2
      than controls. Clinical stages had no significant influence on the platelet
      sensitivity to PGI2 and PGE1. Patients with stage IIa had a lower sensitivity to
      PGD2 than patients with stage IV, the difference not being significant. Analyzing
      the influence of risk factors like diabetes, hyperlipoproteinemia, or smoking,
      there seemed to be an inverse relation between risk factors and platelet
      sensitivity to PGI2 and PGE1. Smokers especially, together with smokers
      exhibiting an additional risk factor, exhibited the highest prostaglandin
      consumption (PGI2, PGE1) and therefore the lowest platelet sensitivity. However,
      it has to be emphasized that the differences were not significant. There was a
      significant correlation between platelet sensitivity to PGI2 and PGE1, whereas
      this was not the case between the respective sensitivities to PGI2 and PGD2. This
      supports the hypothesis that both these prostaglandins (PGI2, PGE1) share the
      same receptor on the platelet surface, whereas PGD2 has its own receptor.

PMID- 3885724
TI  - Immune hemolytic anemia following administration of antithymocyte globulin.
AB  - Antithymocyte globulin is commonly used as a therapy for rejection of
      transplanted organs. Its use can be associated with many side effects. We report
      a significant hemolytic anemia following therapy with horse-derived antithymocyte
      globulin. Several commercial Coombs' sera failed to yield a positive Coombs' test
      with the patient's erythrocytes; however, we were able to detect horse
      immunoglobulin on the patient's cells as well as on control red cells incubated
      with this particular preparation of antithymocyte globulin.

PMID- 3885725
TI  - Bibliography of cloned human and other selected DNAs.

PMID- 3885726
TI  - Anti-kinetochore antibodies: use as probes for inactive centromeres.
AB  - Application of a modified immunofluorescence technique using an anti-kinetochore
      serum enables cytogeneticists to obtain quality metaphase spreads and to localize
      kinetochores. In a patient with a 45, XX, -9, -11, tdic (9p;11p) constitution, we
      found that the dicentric marker chromosome has an intensely fluorescent
      kinetochore (no. 11), the functional centromere, and a less intensely fluorescent
      kinetochore (no. 9), the inactive centromere. The data suggest that in the
      process of tandem fusion (telomere-telomere between 11p and 9p), the centromere
      of chromosome 9 was not deleted, but, rather, inactivated.

PMID- 3885727
TI  - Summary of the final report of the APhA Task Force on Pharmacy Education.

PMID- 3885728
TI  - Decreased plasma fibronectin levels in children with hemolytic-uremic syndrome.
AB  - Fibronectin is a normal plasma glycoprotein thought to have an important role in
      platelet aggregation and clot formation. Because of the participation of the
      coagulation system in hemolytic-uremic syndrome, the present study sought to
      determine if fibronectin plays a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. With
      this purpose in mind, plasma fibronectin levels were measured in 17 children with
      the clinical diagnosis of hemolytic-uremic syndrome and in 22 age-matched control
      subjects. Fibronectin levels were significantly depressed in 13 of 17 (76
      percent) patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome during the acute phase of their
      illness. The levels did not correlate with age, sex, serum creatinine level,
      platelet count, or hemoglobin concentration. Serial plasma samples were available
      in eight of these patients: fibronectin remained depressed from two to 10 days
      and then returned toward the normal range concomitant with increasing platelet
      counts and improvement in renal function. During remission, fibronectin levels
      were normal in all nine patients tested. To try to determine if fibronectin is
      deposited in the kidney during hemolytic-uremic syndrome, kidney biopsy specimens
      from six patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome were examined by
      immunofluorescence for the presence of fibronectin, fibrinogen, and platelet
      antigens. Extensive deposition of all three antigens was demonstrated along the
      glomerular capillary wall in all biopsy specimens. In conclusion, plasma
      fibronectin levels are decreased during the acute phases of hemolytic-uremic
      syndrome in the majority of patients. Kidney biopsy findings suggest that
      fibronectin is intimately involved in the activation of the coagulation system in
      this disease and that decreased plasma fibronectin levels in hemolytic-uremic
      syndrome may be due, at least in part, to accelerated consumption of the protein
      at the sites of injury.

PMID- 3885729
TI  - Group A streptococcal bacteremia in intravenous drug abusers.
AB  - The clinical and microbiologic features of group A streptococcal bacteremia are
      described in 40 patients, all of whom were seen between January 1982 and June
      1983 and all of whom were intravenous drug abusers. Eleven patients had
      endocarditis (two with left-sided and nine with right-sided), and 29 patients had
      bacteremia without endocardial involvement. Twenty-seven of the 29 patients
      without endocarditis had soft tissue infections, primarily groin abscesses.
      Constitutional symptoms were more severe in patients with endocarditis. The two
      patients with left-sided endocarditis died despite antimicrobial therapy; all
      nine patients with right-sided endocarditis and all 29 patients without
      endocarditis were cured of their infection. A predominant strain of group A
      streptococcus was identified by serologic typing, suggesting a common source for
      these cases.

PMID- 3885731
TI  - Isolated pneumaturia.
AB  - Sixteen patients with pneumaturia as their only urologic complaint were evaluated
      during a 38-year period. In three patients, a vesico-enteric fistula was
      documented. Five patients had an otherwise asymptomatic urinary tract infection.
      In eight patients, no pathologic process could be identified. These eight
      patients were women and had a benign course on follow-up. Urine culture gave
      positive results in all cases with a documented pathologic condition but gave
      negative results in all cases in which no explanation for pneumaturia could be
      found. Because of the difficulty in diagnosing a vesico-enteric fistula, all
      patients with isolated pneumaturia should have a thorough medical and urologic
      evaluation.

PMID- 3885730
TI  - Hemodialysis-associated platelet activation and thrombocytopenia.
AB  - The interactions between platelets and dialysis membranes were studied
      prospectively in 10 patients undergoing long-term stable dialysis. Transient but
      significant thrombocytopenia and platelet activation were found during dialysis
      with the commonly used cuprophane membrane. Platelet counts decreased from 231 +/
      21 X 10(3)/mm3 before dialysis to 127 +/- 28 X 10(3)/mm3 at 90 minutes following
      initiation of dialysis (p less than or equal to 0.007). Thromboxane B2, an index
      of platelet activation, also increased from a baseline level of 1.06 +/- 0.2
      pg/10(6) platelets to 7.3 +/- 3.0 pg/10(6) platelets at 90 minutes (p less than
      or equal to 0.04). Cuprophane membranes were also shown to induce complement
      activation with C3a desArg, the stable derivative of C3 activation, showing a
      threefold increase from baseline 15 minutes after initiation of dialysis. In
      contrast, during dialysis with a non-complement-activating dialyzer membrane,
      polymethylmethacrylate, thrombocytopenia and platelet activation were not
      observed. These data suggest that platelet activation and thrombocytopenia during
      hemodialysis are associated with complement activation during hemodialysis in a
      manner similar to dialysis-associated neutropenia.

PMID- 3885733
TI  - Edward Watson Hook, M.D. 1984 Founders Medal of the Southern Society for Clinical
      Investigation.

PMID- 3885732
TI  - Managing bibliographic citations using microcomputers.
AB  - Programs are now available to construct and retrieve lists of bibliographic
      citations by microcomputers. Although considerable effort must be expended to
      learn to use them, once mastered, they can be useful to anyone who must manage
      large collections of references. There are several ways to use personal computers
      to store and retrieve bibliographic citations. Word processors can be used to
      manage relatively small lists of citations. Preprogrammed bibliographic systems
      are available that are designed specifically for this purpose. A general data
      base management program can also be adapted for bibliographic purposes and used
      for other functions as well. This essay has been prepared to provide guidance to
      those who have a working knowledge of microcomputers and wish to expand this to
      use a data management system for bibliographic purposes. The dBASE II program is
      used to illustrate how to set up a bibliographic system. Methods are described on
      how to prepare citations for storage and retrieval using combinations of key
      words and Boolean operators, how to prepare selected lists of references and
      arrange them in alphabetic order or by subject heading, and how to print tailored
      lists of citations. The system was found to be highly responsive to commands and
      able to provide rapid retrieval of information.

PMID- 3885735
TI  - 1985 Directory of Nursing Organizations.

PMID- 3885734
TI  - Founders Award Speech.

PMID- 3885736
TI  - Can preterm deliveries be prevented?
AB  - Our hospital serves poor, inner-city women who have a 17% preterm delivery rate.
      Middle-class women in San Francisco at high risk for preterm delivery have
      benefited from an antepartum program which emphasized patient education and close
      follow-up. Using a controlled, randomized design, we are investigating the impact
      of similar interventions. Patients determined to be at high risk before 18 weeks'
      gestation on the basis of the Creasy system are randomly assigned to the Preterm
      Labor Prevention Clinic or serve as high-risk controls. Sixty-four women assigned
      to the Preterm Labor Prevention Clinic and 68 high-risk control women have been
      delivered of their infants. No significant differences were noted for the
      percentages of preterm infants, mean gestational age, or birth weight. Preterm
      rupture of the membranes accounted for 40% of preterm deliveries in all high-risk
      patients. Thirty percent of preterm births were indicated for maternal or fetal
      reasons. The remaining 30% represented failure of tocolytic therapy.

PMID- 3885737
TI  - The management of fetal hydrocephalus.
AB  - The management of 53 consecutive documented cases of fetal hydrocephalus is
      presented. Hydrocephalus was isolated in nine cases (17%) and associated with
      other abnormalities in 44 (83%). Our success in diagnosing abnormalities
      associated with hydrocephalus improved from the time period 1977 through 1981 to
      that of 1982 through 1983. In this series, management consisted of termination of
      pregnancy, 14 (26%); ventriculoamniotic shunt placement and cesarean section, two
      (4%); cephalocentesis and cesarean section, two (4%); cesarean section without
      cephalocentesis or ventriculoamniotic shunt placement, 18 (34%); cephalocentesis
      and vaginal delivery, nine (17%); and vaginal delivery without cephalocentesis,
      eight (15%). The outcomes were spontaneous abortion, 14 (26%); intrapartum death,
      eight (15%); postnatal death, 16 (30%); currently alive, 15 (28%). Current
      approaches to the management of fetal hydrocephalus are discussed, and areas of
      therapeutic uncertainty are delineated.

PMID- 3885739
TI  - Pregnancy-induced hypertension: development of a model in the pregnant primate
      (Papio anubis).
AB  - Experiments were performed on two groups of pregnant baboons. In the experimental
      group, the subrenal aortic blood flow was reduced by 58% of its original value at
      100 days of gestational age. In the control group, the blood flow was measured
      but not restricted. In the experimental group fetal death occurred in three of 12
      animals following the use of a single left-flank incision to approach both the
      renal artery and the abdominal aorta. In the control group, pregnancies in eight
      of nine animals went successfully to 165 days. In the experimental group the
      development of hypertension, a decrease in plasma renin activity, an increase in
      renal resistance, an increase in serum uric acid, and the development of
      glomerular changes consistent with those seen in human pregnancy-induced
      hypertension were noted. These studies demonstrate that pregnancy-induced
      hypertension can be produced experimentally in a pregnant baboon, and this model
      should prove useful in expediting studies on the pathophysiologic features and
      treatment of this condition.

PMID- 3885740
TI  - Ritodrine infusion during late pregnancy: effects on fetal and placental blood
      flow, prostacyclin, and thromboxane.
AB  - To study the effects of ritodrine on fetal and placental blood flow and maternal
      prostacyclin and thromboxane A2, 14 women with premature uterine contractions
      between the thirty-first and thirty-sixth weeks of pregnancy were treated with
      intravenous infusions of ritodrine, with incremental doses up to 200 micrograms
      per minute. The intervillous and the umbilical vein blood flows were measured
      before and after 1 hour of infusion of ritodrine, with the xenon 133 method and
      with a combination of real-time and Doppler ultrasonic equipment, respectively.
      Ritodrine decreased maternal diastolic and mean arterial pressures, as well as
      placental vascular resistance, but caused no significant changes in intervillous
      and umbilical vein blood flows. Ritodrine stimulated the synthesis of
      vasodilatory prostacyclin, as seen from a rise in maternal plasma 6-keto
      prostaglandin F1 alpha, but inhibited the platelets' capacity to generate the
      vasoconstrictor thromboxane A2. Thus, apart from maternal hemodynamic changes,
      the intervillous and umbilical circulations are maintained during short-term
      administration of ritodrine in normotensive pregnancies.

PMID- 3885738
TI  - Plasma volume determination in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies.
AB  - To determine the clinical usefulness of plasma volume determinations, we measured
      plasma volume serially throughout pregnancy with the use of the Evans blue dye
      dilution technique in 20 subjects with normal pregnancies. In comparison, four
      preeclamptic subjects were studied. In preeclamptic subjects compared to normal
      subjects, plasma volume was reduced (1763 +/- 216 versus 2345 +/- 198 ml/m2, p
      less than 0.001). Two normotensive subjects who subsequently developed
      preeclampsia had reduced plasma volumes prior to the onset of hypertension as
      compared to volumes in those who remained normotensive (1918 +/- 86 versus 2345
      +/- 198 ml/m2, p less than 0.01). Those subjects who were delivered of infants
      who were small for gestational age had significantly reduced plasma volumes
      compared to volumes of those who were delivered of infants who were appropriate
      for gestational age (1950 +/- 333 versus 2237 +/- 259 ml/m2, p less than 0.05),
      but this was true only among gravid women with pregnancies complicated by
      preeclampsia. We conclude that failure of plasma volume expansion is associated
      with the development of preeclampsia and also intrauterine fetal growth
      retardation in preeclamptic subjects.

PMID- 3885741
TI  - Bacteria causing false positive test for phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic fluid.
AB  - A case is reported in which phosphatidylglycerol was detected in a sample of
      vaginal pool amniotic fluid but absent in amniotic fluid obtained at
      amniocentesis. Bacteria contaminating the fluid are shown to be capable of
      phosphatidylglycerol production.

PMID- 3885742
TI  - Detection of asymptomatic bacteriuria in obstetric patients with a semiautomated
      urine screen.
AB  - Urine specimens (1215) from obstetric patients were evaluated for the presence of
      significant bacteriuria by the Bac-T-Screen (Marion Scientific Division, Marion
      Laboratories, Inc., Kansas City, Missouri) and a conventional semiquantitative
      culture method. Seventy (5.8%) specimens were not processed successfully by the
      Bac-T-Screen because pigments interfered with interpretation or the test filters
      clogged. The remaining 1145 specimens screened by the Bac-T-Screen were compared
      with a conventional culture method. The sensitivity, specificity, positive
      predictive value, and negative predictive value for specimens containing greater
      than or equal to 10(5) colony-forming units per milliliter were 97.4%, 70.4%,
      19.0%, and 99.7%, respectively. These values for specimens containing greater
      than or equal to 10(4) colony-forming units per milliliter were 92.2%, 71.6%,
      24.1%, and 98.9%, respectively.

PMID- 3885743
TI  - Ultrasound diagnosis of hematotrachelos: a case report.
AB  - Hematotrachelos, the engorgement of the cervix uteri with retained blood, is
      discussed with reference to clinical presentation, ultrasonographic findings, and
      etiologies. Other disease processes related to hematotrachelos such as
      hematometra, hematocolpos, and hydrocolpos are also reviewed.

PMID- 3885744
TI  - Cord prolapse: is antenatal diagnosis possible?
AB  - Cord presentation was diagnosed antenatally in nine patients at term referred for
      fetal ultrasound assessment (incidence of 0.61%). Seven patients were delivered
      by cesarean section; cord position was confirmed in four and suspected in three
      patients. There were two vaginal deliveries, one following spontaneous version
      and the other a stillbirth associated with cord prolapse.

PMID- 3885745
TI  - A comparative study of suture materials: chromic gut and chromic gut treated with
      glycerin.
AB  - Histologic and mechanical properties of chromic gut and glycerin-treated chromic
      gut were evaluated. Zero gauges of both materials were implanted for 7 days to
      evaluate inflammatory response. No difference was found in the degree of
      inflammatory response. Scanning electron micrographs showed a more uniform
      surface for the glycerin-treated chromic gut. Regular chromic material was
      stronger in unknotted tensile strength and fracture load for all gauges. The 1-0
      gauge glycerin-treated chromic gut stabilized with the knot configuration of 1 =
      1 = 1 = 1; and the 1,2-0, and 3-0 gauges reached knot security at 1 = 1 = 1. The
      in vivo studies showed marked difference in the tensile strength of stable knots
      between the two materials. Only with five throws (1 = 1 = 1 = 1 = 1) did the
      strength of glycerin-treated chromic gut overlap that of regular chromic gut.

PMID- 3885746
TI  - Current trends in the diagnosis and treatment of tuboovarian abscess.
AB  - Tuboovarian abscess is a well-recognized complication of acute salpingitis and
      has been reported in as many as one third of hospital admissions for acute
      salpingitis. The incidence of tuboovarian abscess is expected to increase as a
      result of the current epidemic of sexually transmitted diseases and their
      sequelae. Patients with tuboovarian abscess most commonly present with lower
      abdominal pain and an adnexal mass(es). Fever and leukocytosis may be absent.
      Ultrasound, computed tomographic scans, laparoscopy, or laparotomy may be
      necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Tuboovarian abscess may be unilateral or
      bilateral regardless of intrauterine contraceptive device usage. Tuboovarian
      abscess is polymicrobial with a preponderance of anaerobic organisms. An initial
      conservative antimicrobial approach to the management of the unruptured
      tuboovarian abscess is appropriate if the antimicrobial agents used can penetrate
      abscesses, remain active within the abscess environment, and are active against
      the major pathogens in tuboovarian abscess, including the resistant gram-negative
      anaerobes such as Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides bivius. However, if the
      patient does not begin to show a response within a reasonable amount of time,
      about 48 to 72 hours, surgical intervention should be undertaken. Suspicion of
      rupture should remain an indication for immediate operation. Once operation is
      undertaken, a conservative approach with unilateral adnexectomy for one-side
      tuboovarian abscess is appropriate if future fertility or hormone production is
      desired.

PMID- 3885747
TI  - The ratio of lens thickness to axial length for biometric standardization in
      angle-closure glaucoma.
AB  - Biometric measurements were made by ultrasonography in 44 left eyes of 44
      patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma. We defined the ratio between the
      lens thickness and the axial length (lens thickness/axial length factor) as a
      representative and unifying unit for biometric assessment of the eye. This factor
      defined the relationship between the lens, iris, and cornea and thus the status
      of the angle. Lens thickness/axial length factor values were found to be age
      dependent and were greater than normal for most age groups with angle-closure
      glaucoma. The mean normal value was 1.91 +/- 0.44; the mean values for patients
      in different age groups with angle-closure glaucoma ranged from 1.87 +/- 0.11 to
      2.39 +/- 0.17.

PMID- 3885748
TI  - Internal vertical shortening for the correction of diffuse or segmental
      postoperative blepharoptosis.
AB  - In a series of 18 patients operated on because of postoperative eyelid contour
      abnormalities or small to moderate amounts of diffuse blepharoptosis, a technique
      of internal vertical shortening produced consistently reliable results. A
      cosmetically acceptable result was achieved in 17 of 18 patients (95%); only one
      of 18 (5%) showed no improvement. In cases of overcorrected upper eyelid
      retraction secondary to thyroid ophthalmopathy, 11 of 11 patients had
      cosmetically acceptable results. In those with blepharoptosis or eyelid contour
      abnormalities secondary to other causes, six of seven patients (84%) had
      cosmetically acceptable results. In our technique of internal vertical
      shortening, a predetermined amount of conjunctiva and overlying scar tissue or
      levator aponeurosis is removed. The resection uses a posterior approach to remove
      tissue from the superior tarsal border upward.

PMID- 3885749
TI  - Corneal endothelial trauma after Descemet's membranotomy with the neodymium-YAG
      laser.

PMID- 3885750
TI  - Echographic findings in eyes with traumatic cataracts.

PMID- 3885751
TI  - Localization of hematopoietic progenitor cells in tissue with the anti-My-10
      monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Putative hematopoietic progenitor cells were localized in human lymphoid and
      nonlymphoid tissues with the use of the anti-My-10 antibody and avidin-biotin
      immunoperoxidase. Groups of My-10+ round mononuclear cells were evident in the
      splenic marginal zone near the follicular mantle. My-10+ cells were also evident
      in the hepatic portal triads and rare cells were seen near Peyer's patches.
      Except for My-10+ endothelial cells, there was no staining of the thymus, lymph
      node, skin, or kidney specimens.

PMID- 3885752
TI  - Malakoplakia and immunosuppressive therapy. Reversal of clinical and leukocyte
      abnormalities after withdrawal of prednisone and azathioprine.
AB  - Malakoplakia is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory disorder. It is suspected
      clinically by the presence of chronic infection and diagnosed by histologic
      examination of affected tissues. Studies of 4 patients with malakoplakia--2 renal
      transplant recipients, 1 patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, and 1 patient
      with polymyositis--are reported. All patients were receiving prednisone and
      azathioprine at the time of diagnosis and had an infection caused by Escherichia
      coli. Leukocytes from all patients failed to kill Staphylococcus aureus and E
      coli normally in vitro. Cholinergic agonists had no apparent effect on bacterial
      killing in vitro or in vivo in the 2 patients examined. Clinically, malakoplakia
      improved significantly when immunosuppressive therapy was tapered or
      discontinued, and leukocyte function returned to normal in all 4 patients. The
      cases reported here and those documented previously suggest that the pathogenesis
      of malakoplakia and its treatment may not be the same for all patients.
      Malakoplakia may be more common than previously thought, particularly with the
      increased use of immunosuppressive therapy.

PMID- 3885753
TI  - Effects of exercise on insulin binding to human muscle.
AB  - A procedure was developed to measure insulin binding to human skeletal muscle
      obtained via the percutaneous muscle biopsy technique. With this method the
      effects of exercise on insulin binding were investigated. Subjects (n = 9)
      exercised for 60 min on a bicycle ergometer at intensities ranging from 20-86%
      maximum O2 consumption (VO2max). Blood samples were obtained before, during, and
      after exercise and analyzed for glucose and insulin. Muscle samples (250 mg) for
      the vastus lateralis were obtained 30 min before exercise, at the end of
      exercise, and 60 min after exercise. Two subjects rested during the experimental
      period. There was no linear relationship between exercise intensities and the
      changes in insulin binding to human muscle. At rest (n = 2) and at exercise
      intensities below 60% VO2max (n = 5) no change in insulin binding occurred (P
      greater than 0.05). However, when exercise occurred at greater than or equal to
      69% VO2max (n = 4), a pronounced decrement in insulin binding (30-50%) was
      observed (P less than 0.05). This persisted for 60 min after exercise. These
      results indicate that insulin binding in human muscle is not altered by 60 min of
      exercise at less than or equal to 60% VO2max but that a marked decrement occurs
      when exercise is greater than or equal to 69% VO2max.

PMID- 3885754
TI  - Endotoxin increases vasopressin release independently of known physiological
      stimuli.
AB  - Plasma vasopressin (AVP) increases after endotoxin administration in freely
      behaving unanesthetized rats. The present experiments sought to determine the
      factors that mediate this vasopressin response. Endotoxin (150 micrograms/kg iv)
      elicited a significant increase in plasma AVP concentration. This response was
      accompanied by unchanged plasma osmolality, hypotension, increased hematocrit
      (reflecting decreased plasma volume), hypothermia, and hyperglycemia.
      Pretreatment with the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin (5 mg/kg
      sc), had no effect on the vasopressin response to endotoxin but abolished or
      significantly attenuated the changes in blood pressure, hematocrit, temperature,
      and plasma glucose while leaving plasma osmolality unaltered. These
      investigations indicate that endotoxin stimulates vasopressin secretion into
      plasma independently of changes in plasma osmolality, systemic blood pressure,
      plasma volume, body temperature, or plasma glucose. The results also suggest that
      vasopressin responses to endotoxin are not mediated by prostaglandins, whereas
      prostaglandins do play a role in endotoxin's effects on blood pressure, plasma
      volume, temperature, and plasma glucose.

PMID- 3885755
TI  - Ammonia transport in the mammalian kidney.
AB  - Ammonia, an important urinary buffer in mammals, is synthesized primarily in the
      proximal tubules and is transferred to the final urine by a sequence of
      specialized transport processes. The pathway of ammonia transfer to the urine
      involves secretion into the proximal tubules, absorption from the loops of Henle,
      accumulation in the renal medullary interstitium, and secretion into the
      collecting ducts. Ammonia is transported as NH3 at some nephron sites and as NH+4
      at others. In this paper, we discuss the physical basis of NH3 and NH+4 transport
      in epithelia and then describe ammonia transport mechanisms in individual nephron
      segments. Information about ammonia transport in individual nephron segments from
      isolated perfused tubule studies is integrated with data from in vivo studies to
      obtain an expanded overall model of renal ammonia handling.

PMID- 3885756
TI  - Central nervous system cardiovascular effects of bombesin in conscious rats.
AB  - The effects of intracerebroventricular administration of bombesin on mean
      arterial pressure and heart rate were studied in conscious, freely moving rats.
      Injection of bombesin produced dose-dependent elevations of mean arterial
      pressure and reductions of heart rate. These effects were not caused by leakage
      of bombesin into the peripheral circulation. Adrenalectomy abolished the pressor
      action of bombesin but did not alter bombesin-induced bradycardia. Systemic
      phentolamine pretreatment prevented bombesin-induced changes of mean arterial
      pressure, whereas rats treated intravenously with captopril or a vasopressin
      antagonist still exhibited pressor responses to bombesin administration. Bombesin
      induced bradycardia was partially antagonized by intravenous atropine methyl
      nitrate administration, whereas systemic injections of propranolol did not modify
      this response. It is concluded that bombesin acts within the central nervous
      system to elevate mean arterial pressure through an adrenal-dependent mechanism
      involving alpha-adrenergic receptors and to reduce heart rate through an adrenal
      independent mechanism involving, at least in part, cardiac parasympathetic
      nervous activation.

PMID- 3885757
TI  - Flow restriction of one carotid artery in juvenile rats inhibits growth of
      arterial diameter.
AB  - Blood flow has long been hypothesized to be a primary determinant of arterial
      diameter growth. To verify this hypothesis, we placed a flow-restricting silver
      clip on one carotid artery and a completely nonocclusive clip on the
      contralateral artery in 13 rats (45-65 g). After 6-12 wk, measurements of vessel
      diameters and pulsed Doppler velocity wave-forms were obtained proximal to the
      clips, where flows differed from one side to the other, but mean pressures could
      be assumed approximately equal. Rats were anesthetized prior to these
      determinations and were fixed by perfusion at normal arterial pressure
      immediately thereafter. Flow reduction on the tightly clipped side averaged 35%.
      Flow-restricted arteries consistently showed reduction of diameter growth,
      averaging -10.2% of control diameters (P = 0.001). Thicknesses of the tunica
      media were similar on the flow-restricted and control sides. Side-to-side lumen
      circumference ratios were not correlated with mean blood flow velocities but were
      correlated with peak velocity (r = 0.62) and with an index of velocity
      pulsatility (r = 0.80). These results confirm a relationship between blood flow
      and arterial diameter and raise the possibility of a role for flow pulsatility.

PMID- 3885758
TI  - Recovery from energy deficit in golden hamsters.
AB  - Hamsters feeding at greater than 2-h intermeal intervals (IMI) lose weight but
      recover from weight losses without hyperphagia if they are allowed to feed at 2-h
      IMIs (Am. J. Physiol. 236 (Endocrinol. Metab. Gastrointest. Physiol. 5): E105
      E112, 1979). To determine the relative importance of changes in energy
      expenditure and fat synthesis in their energy regulation, measurements were made
      of resting metabolic rate, respiration by brown adipose tissue (BAT), locomotion,
      fecal energy content, and insulin and hepatic lipogenic enzyme responses to
      feeding in underweight hamsters allowed to feed at 2- or 5-h IMIs. Energy deficit
      suppressed the resting metabolic rate and general locomotor activity and
      increased the activity of fatty acid synthetase (FAS). Heat production by BAT
      increased in underweight hamsters. Increase in IMIs blocked the postprandial
      insulin release, reduced plasma insulin concentration and FAS activity, and
      increased malic enzyme activity. Thus ad libitum feeding hamsters recover from
      energy deficit by reducing energy expenditure, whereas failure to add additional
      meals and impaired insulin and changed lipogenic responses to feeding produce
      energy deficits in infrequently feeding hamsters.

PMID- 3885759
TI  - Glucose kinetics and body temperature after lethal and nonlethal doses of
      endotoxin.
AB  - Rats were injected with doses of endotoxin ranging from 1,000 [lethal dose
      approximately 50% (LD50)] to 0.01 microgram/100 g, and alterations in
      hemodynamics, glucose kinetics, and body temperature were studied over the
      subsequent 4 h. Doses of 10 micrograms/100 g or less were consistently nonlethal
      over 72 h. Decreases in arterial blood pressure and cardiac output were evident
      in rats receiving 1,000-10 micrograms/100 g endotoxin. Doses of endotoxin between
      1,000 and 10 micrograms produced an early hyperlactacidemia evident by 1 h,
      whereas the lower doses (1 and 0.1 microgram) induced elevations that exhibited a
      delayed temporal response. The rates of glucose appearance (Ra) and disappearance
      (Rd) were increased early and transiently by the higher doses of endotoxin. Lower
      doses increased glucose Ra and Rd between 2 and 4 h after endotoxin. A febrile
      response was elicited by 10, 1, and 0.1 microgram/100 g endotoxin, while
      hypothermia was seen in animals receiving higher doses. Thus high doses of
      endotoxin induced metabolic and hemodynamic alterations that were temporally
      associated. Very low nonlethal doses of endotoxin (up to 4 orders of magnitude
      less than LD50) induced metabolic changes that appeared to be independent of
      hemodynamic disturbances but were temporally associated with the observed
      hyperthermia.

PMID- 3885760
TI  - A controlled study of methylphenidate in the treatment of attention deficit
      disorder, residual type, in adults.
AB  - Thirty-seven adult patients meeting the Utah criteria for attention deficit
      disorder, residual type, were entered into a double-blind crossover trial of
      methylphenidate and placebo. A moderate-to-marked therapeutic response occurred
      in 21 (57%) of the patients while receiving methylphenidate and in four (11%)
      while receiving placebo, a highly significant difference statistically and
      clinically. The responding patients showed significant improvement in the
      following areas: attentional difficulty, motor overactivity, affective lability,
      and impulsivity. The diagnosis of attention deficit disorder, residual type,
      should be considered in patients with prominent complaints of impulsivity,
      restlessness, emotional lability, and hot temper who do not suffer from
      schizophrenia or major mood disorder and do not have symptoms of schizotypal or
      borderline personality disorders.

PMID- 3885761
TI  - Tricyclic antidepressants in obsessive-compulsive disorder: antiobsessional or
      antidepressant agents? II.
AB  - The authors explored the relationship between the antiobsessional and
      antidepressant effects of tricyclic drugs in primary obsessive-compulsive
      disorders. Study 1 consisted of a controlled 12-week trial with clomipramine (N =
      7) and placebo (N = 5); study 2 analyzed the pooled data from 15 patients
      uniformly selected and treated with either clomipramine or imipramine. Although
      the antiobsessional and antidepressant effects of the drugs covaried, their
      antidepressant action was not a prerequisite for their antiobsessional effect.
      The findings suggest that clomipramine and probably imipramine possess specific
      antiobsessive effects that are at least partially independent of their
      antidepressant effects.

PMID- 3885762
TI  - Nonpharmacologic treatments for memory losses with normal aging.
AB  - In a critical review of studies of training programs for elderly individuals with
      cognitive deficits, the author found that decrements of cognitive function with
      aging are not small. In 70-year-old normal individuals, losses are on the order
      of 20%-40%, depending on the process tested and the testing method. Although long
      term effects are poorly documented, training programs for normal elderly
      individuals have been shown to improve selected cognitive processes, including
      memory, to about the same degree that some of these processes decline with aging.

PMID- 3885763
TI  - Combined estradiol and vitamin B6 treatment in women with major depression.

PMID- 3885764
TI  - Effect of tranquilizers on borderline and schizotypal patients questioned.

PMID- 3885765
TI  - A window on the past: the position of the client in twentieth century public
      health thought and practice.

PMID- 3885767
TI  - Cryopreservation of the blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium
      vivax for in vivo studies.
AB  - Cryopreservation in Alsevers-glycerol of the blood stages of Plasmodium
      falciparum (5 strains) and P. vivax (2 strains) indicated that parasite
      infectivity for Aotus was retained for more than 1,100 days.

PMID- 3885766
TI  - Epidemics in Renaissance Florence.
AB  - Epidemics and mortality in 15th and 16th century Florence, Italy, were
      investigated by use of records of the government-sponsored Dowry Fund. These
      records contain the date of birth, date of investment, and date of dowry payment
      or death of 19,000 girls and women. Major epidemics ("plagues") occurred
      repeatedly. The most severe were in 1430, 1437-38, 1449-50, 1478-79, and 1527-31.
      Annual death rates of girls enrolled in the Dowry Fund increased by 5 to 10 times
      in each of these periods. During the last period, at least 20-25 per cent of the
      population of Florence is likely to have died. Recurrent epidemics accounted for
      38 per cent of the total mortality experienced by girls enrolled in the Dowry
      Fund. The frequency of serious epidemics diminished with the passage of time, and
      overall mortality declined by about 10 per cent over the 15th and 16th centuries.
      Epidermic mortality was not consistently related to age. The effects of epidemics
      were most severe in the summer and autumn. Non-epidemic mortality was also
      greater in the summer and autumn than in the winter and spring.

PMID- 3885768
TI  - Use of non-human plasma for in vitro cultivation and antimalarial drug
      susceptibility testing of Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - Viability, growth rate, and chemotherapeutic susceptibility of the CDC/Indochina
      III, CDC/Sierra Leone I, and FCR-3 (Subline F-86) isolates of Plasmodium
      falciparum grown continuously in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with goat, horse,
      porcine, bovine, or ovine plasma were evaluated. Results were compared to those
      obtained from parallel cultures maintained in medium supplemented with non-immune
      human plasma. Only media supplemented with goat or horse plasma supported
      significant continuous multiplication of the isolates. Medium supplemented with
      either ovine or porcine plasma supported continuous multiplication of the
      CDC/Indochina III isolate, but not the FCR-3 isolate. Medium supplemented with
      bovine plasma did not support continuous growth of any of the isolates tested.
      The light microscopic appearance of the isolates during and after continuous
      culture in medium supplemented with either goat or horse plasma was identical to
      that of the control parasites maintained in medium supplemented with human
      plasma. There were no statistically significant differences in the susceptibility
      to antimalarial drugs of the culture lines maintained in medium supplemented with
      either human or goat plasma.

PMID- 3885769
TI  - Toxic heme in sickle cells: an explanation for death of malaria parasites.
AB  - In an effort to elucidate a mechanism of genetic resistance to malaria, we asked
      whether a toxic form of heme is included in the excess of ferriprotoporphyrin IX
      (FP) which has been reported to accumulate as hemichromes in sickle cells. When
      FP is bound to certain erythrocytic elements, such as native hemoglobin, it is
      inaccessible to bind chloroquine with high affinity and is nontoxic. However,
      when FP is accessible to bind chloroquine with high affinity, it has been
      demonstrated to be sufficiently free to have membrane toxicity and, under certain
      conditions, to lyse Plasmodium falciparum parasites. [14C]-chloroquine was used,
      therefore, as a reporter molecule to evaluate the quantity, accessibility, and
      potential toxicity of FP released from hemoglobin. Intact erythrocytes from
      subjects with sickle cell anemia bound approximately 71 mumoles of chloroquine
      per kg with an apparent Kd of 10(-6) M. Erythrocytes from normal subjects or
      subjects with sickle trait bound little or no chloroquine with high affinity.
      Since the oxidant stress introduced by malaria parasites would increase the
      tendency for denaturation of hemoglobin S with additional release of FP, we
      suggest that FP toxicity accounts for the death of malaria parasites in sickle
      cells.

PMID- 3885770
TI  - Antimalarial drug susceptibility testing of Plasmodium falciparum in Thailand
      using a microdilution radioisotope method.
AB  - Antimalarial activity of chloroquine, quinine, mefloquine and halofantrine
      against 33 strains of P. falciparum isolated from naturally acquired malaria
      infections in Thailand was determined using a radioisotope microdilution method.
      A microtitration procedure was used to test isolates of P. falciparum against the
      4 drugs simultaneously. The mean ID50 for chloroquine and quinine reflected known
      resistance to those drugs in Thailand. The mean ID50 for mefloquine and
      halofantrine showed susceptibility to these drugs. Four isolates of P. falciparum
      however had markedly decreased susceptibility to mefloquine (ID50 greater than 15
      ng/ml); one case of which was confirmed as the first case of RII resistance for
      mefloquine in Thailand. Several parasite isolates were also observed to have
      decreased susceptibility to the new drug, halofantrine. These studies strongly
      recommend that in vitro testing be done in conjunction with field evaluation of
      new antimalarial drugs.

PMID- 3885771
TI  - The development of a solid phase radioimmunoassay for the detection of
      leishmanial parasites in the sand fly.
AB  - The development of a solid phase radioimmunoassay inhibition test using anti
      leishmanial monoclonal antibodies is described for the detection of leishmanial
      promastigote infections in sand flies, as an aid to epidemiology. As few as 6-12
      Leishmania major promastigotes could be detected in laboratory-bred Phlebotomus
      papatasi. The test was sensitive and species-specific.

PMID- 3885772
TI  - Quantitative and qualitative changes in the humoral response of dogs through the
      course of infection with Dirofilaria immitis.
AB  - The present study compared the humoral response of dogs which developed
      microfilaremic or occult forms of dirofilariasis following experimental infection
      with Dirofilaria immitis L3 larvae. Quantitative analysis by ELISA revealed that
      antibody levels to adult somatic (AS), excretory-secretory (ES), and
      microfilarial (MF) antigens were highest during the patent phase of infection in
      dogs with either form of dirofilariasis. Patent sera from dogs destined for
      occult infections contained anti-AS and anti-MF antibody concentrations of 1,572
      and 1,004 micrograms/ml, respectively, while microfilaremic-bound dogs contained
      1,044 and 906 micrograms/ml, respectively. Chronic sera (430 days post infection)
      from occult dogs contained anti-AS and anti-MF antibody levels of 982 and 600
      micrograms/ml, respectively, which were higher than in microfilaremic dogs. The
      antibody response to ES antigen was generally 10-fold less in absolute antibody
      concentrations at all time points tested. Immunoperoxidase staining of antigens
      transferred to nitrocellulose revealed the presence of several antigenic proteins
      which were recognized by occult, and to a lesser extent or not at all, by
      microfilaremic dogs. Sera drawn from occult-bound dogs 280 days post-infection, a
      time corresponding to microfilarial clearance (transition phase), contained
      higher antibody activity to microfilarial proteins weighing 47.5, 42.0, 34.2, and
      22.4 kilodaltons compared to the microfilaremic dogs. This difference in antigen
      recognition became more apparent during the chronic phase of infection.

PMID- 3885773
TI  - Rapid serodiagnosis of leptospirosis using the IgM-specific Dot-ELISA: comparison
      with the microscopic agglutination test.
AB  - The dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA) was compared to the
      microscopic agglutination test (MA test) for the diagnosis of human
      leptospirosis. Of 177 sera from 68 soldiers who trained in the Republic of
      Panama, 102 sera were positive in the MA test and 93 of these sera were positive
      in the IgM-specific Dot-ELISA. Incidence of infection was 50 of 68 patients with
      the MA test and 48 of 68 in the IgM Dot-ELISA. Five MA test-positive sera were
      reactive only in the IgG-specific Dot-ELISA, suggesting previous exposure. All 21
      infecting serovars of Leptospira interrogans, as determined by positive reactions
      in the MA test or culture of blood and urine specimens, were reactive in the Dot
      ELISA. Of 75 sera negative in the MA test, 61 were nonreactive in the Dot-ELISA.
      However, 9 of these 14 Dot-ELISA-positive/MA test-negative sera were acute
      samples from patients whose later sera were MA test-positive. Positive reactions
      in the IgM Dot-ELISA occurred in 2 of 30 control, 4 of 10 Lyme disease, 1 of 11
      relapsing fever, and 1 of 8 yaws sera; 10 syphilis patient sera were nonreactive.
      The IgM-specific Dot-ELISA appears to be sensitive and specific for the
      serodiagnosis of acute leptospirosis. In addition, this rapid test is
      inexpensive, simple to perform, utilizes minute volumes of killed leptospiral
      antigen and is easily adaptable to field use.

PMID- 3885774
TI  - Correlation of the distribution of Rickettsia conorii, microscopic lesions, and
      clinical features in South African tick bite fever.
AB  - Three South African patients with severe Rickettsia conorii infection had
      complicated courses of illness with 2 fatal cases and 1 with gangrene of multiple
      digits. Immunofluorescent organisms of R. conorii were demonstrated in vascular
      endothelium of brain, leptomeninges, renal glomerular arterioles and capillaries,
      renal arteries and veins, myocardial capillaries and arteries, pulmonary alveolar
      capillaries, pancreatic septa, splenic arterioles, and dermis. Rickettsiae were
      also observed in hepatic sinusoidal lining cells, splenic and lymph node
      macrophages, and the blood vessels of the partially viable zone of the amputated
      digits. Pathologic lesions included cerebral and cerebellar perivascular
      mononuclear leukocytes, mild mononuclear leptomeningitis, glomerular
      arteriolitis, vascular and perivascular mononuclear cell-rich inflammatory foci
      in the kidney, pancreas, skin, and myocardium, hepatocellular necrosis, and
      pulmonary edema. The sites of lesions and rickettsiae showed strong topographical
      correlation. Thrombi and hemorrhage occurred in a minority of the sites of
      vascular injury. Rickettsiae were the apparent direct cause of
      meningoencephalitis, peripheral gangrene, and other foci of vascular injury.
      Fatal R. conorii infection with disseminated organ involvement emphasizes the
      pathogenic potential of this disease.

PMID- 3885775
TI  - Low rates of antigen detection and virus isolation from the peripheral blood
      leukocytes of dengue fever patients.
AB  - We evaluated direct fluorescent antibody (FA) testing of peripheral blood
      leukocytes (PBL) from patients in Puerto Rico with serologically and/or
      virologically confirmed dengue fever as a possible rapid diagnostic test and
      compared rates of dengue virus isolation from PBL with the rates from plasma or
      serum using the mosquito inoculation technique. Dengue antigen was detected in
      the PBL of only 1 of 19 patients with confirmed dengue. Virus was isolated from 3
      of 19 PBL specimens and from 6 of 19 acute-phase serum or plasma samples. Four
      viruses were obtained from serum or plasma only and 1 isolate came from PBL only.
      We conclude that FA testing of PBL from dengue fever patients has little promise
      as a rapid diagnostic technique. Despite small numbers, our data suggest that
      virus isolation from PBL is less sensitive than that from serum or plasma. Our
      results differ considerably from those of previous studies of dengue hemorrhagic
      fever patients conducted in Thailand.

PMID- 3885776
TI  - Geographical distribution and age related prevalence of antibody to Hantaan-like
      virus in rat populations of Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
AB  - Recent studies indicate that domestic rats (Rattus norvegicus) from harbor-side
      areas within port cities of the United States are infected with a Hantaan-like
      virus. The geographical distribution of seropositive rats may be extremely
      localized within these urban environments. We surveyed four widely separated
      residential sites distant from the harbor within Baltimore, Maryland, USA, to
      determine the geographical distribution and prevalence of antibody to Hantaan
      like virus in rats from urban areas of high human population density. Captured
      rats were weighed and examined for sexual maturity to allow some estimation of
      age, and their sera were examined by indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay
      for antibody to Hantaan virus. Seropositive rats were found at all four sites
      within Baltimore. Increasing antibody prevalence and high titers were associated
      with increasing rat weight and sexual maturity. Our results show that infection
      of rats by a Hantaan-like virus is widespread in Baltimore. Antibody in rats may
      be due to infections acquired during maturation or the delayed seroconversion of
      rats infected prior to weaning.

PMID- 3885777
TI  - Benjamin Franklin: physician and philosopher.

PMID- 3885778
TI  - Intrahepatic pyogenic abscesses: treatment by percutaneous drainage.
AB  - During a 6 year period, 18 liver abscesses in 12 patients were identified by
      computerized tomography. Five patients had presumed hematogenous seeding. Five
      patients previously had bilioenteric anastomoses, stents, or both to relieve
      obstructive jaundice. Four patients with abscesses had recent abdominal
      operations. Diagnosis was established by guided needle aspiration and treatment
      was provided by percutaneous catheter drainage. Organism-specific antibiotics
      were administered to all patients. Patients were evaluated for recurrence by
      serial computerized tomographic studies and were clinically followed up for a
      minimum of 15 months. Ten of 12 patients (83 percent) and 16 of 18 abscesses (89
      percent) were successfully treated by percutaneous catheter drainage. Two
      failures required operative intervention. In summary, the low morbidity and high
      success rate in treating hepatic abscesses by percutaneous drainage suggests that
      this therapy be tried before operative intervention is considered.

PMID- 3885779
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies requiring surgical correction.
      Implications for the future.
AB  - With the use of maternal ultrasonography, 22 infants had an anomaly identified
      before delivery. Nine had gastrochisis. In all, ultrasonography was performed
      because of an elevated maternal serum alpha 1 fetoprotein level. Ultrasonography
      for other indications identified three infants with omphaloceles, three with
      cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung, two with duodenal atresia, two with
      posterior urethral valves, and one each with obstruction of the ureteropelvic
      junction, a retroperitoneal teratoma, and an ovarian cyst. Infants were delivered
      in a neonatal center able to provide total care from the time of birth, thus the
      risks of transport over long distances were avoided. One of the infants with
      cystic adenomatoid malformation was incorrectly diagnosed as having a congenital
      diaphragmatic hernia, and the complete posterior urethral valve bilateral
      hydronephrosis complex was not identified in this infant until after delivery.
      The ability to diagnose complex anomalies correctly places new responsibilities
      on the surgeon who must counsel the parents on his ability to successfully treat
      the identified anomaly. Improved diagnostic accuracy, increased case findings,
      careful counselling, and delivery of high-risk infants in regional centers must
      be major priorities to improve neonatal surgical care in the next decade.

PMID- 3885780
TI  - [Hemodynamics in right heart damage under continuous positive pressure
      respiration. An experimental study of the open thorax].
AB  - The haemodynamic effects of isolated right ventricular damage (produced by
      pressure overloading from temporary banding of the pulmonary artery) under
      increased positive end-expiratory pressure were investigated in 12 pigs. Under
      controlled ventilation and anaesthesia with fentanyl and pancuronium bromide the
      experimental study was performed with an open chest and pericardium; under these
      circumstances high levels of PEEP resulted primarily in an increase of right
      ventricular afterload. RAP (+30,2%, p less than 0.05) and RVEDP (+196%, p less
      than 0,01) of the damaged right ventricle were increased markedly, dRVp/dt is
      decreased (-18%, p less than 0,05) with a corresponding endsystolic pressure
      volume relationship. The decrease of CI after moderate right ventricular lesion
      is more distinct under PEEP (-27%, p less than 0,01) than previously (-13%).
      Because of an elevation of TPR-I (+24%) there was no significant fall of systemic
      arterial pressure (-6,6%); heart rate also remained constant (+3%). Accordingly,
      with the open chest, haemodynamic changes related to increased positive end
      expiratory pressure are very discrete, both in intact and damaged right
      ventricles; only with high levels of PEEP, elevation of pulmonary vascular
      resistance--under open chest conditions the predominant factor--limits myocardial
      performance of the damaged right ventricle and results in a significant reduction
      of cardiac output.

PMID- 3885781
TI  - [Ultrasound Doppler sonography: a simple method for the improvement of internal
      jugular vein catheterization].
AB  - Although many different approaches have been recommended for catheterization of
      the internal jugular vein, sometimes difficulties and serious complications may
      occur. The Ultrasound-Doppler-technique is a simple and non-invasive method for
      localizing and differentiating arterial and venous vessels, e.g. carotid artery
      and internal jugular vein. A method for puncture of the internal jugular vein
      with the help of the Ultrasound-technique will be described. In our investigation
      of 150 punctures this method proved to be superior to approaches recommended up
      until now.

PMID- 3885782
TI  - Spectrofluorometric determination of bacterial DNA base composition.
AB  - A spectrofluorometric technique for bacterial DNA base composition has been
      developed. This fast and simple technique requires two fluorescent dyes and a few
      inexpensive reagents. The data from this assay indicate that the guanine-cytosine
      content obtained was within acceptable statistical limits in comparison to
      commonly cited literature values. The spectrofluorometric technique is reliable
      and reproducible.

PMID- 3885783
TI  - Purification of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      and its use for bicarbonate assay.
AB  - Electrophoretically homogeneous phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.49)
      from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was obtained in high yields by means of a two-step
      purification procedure consisting of ion-exchange chromatography and affinity
      chromatography on adenosine 5'-monophosphate-Sepharose 4B. In the latter step the
      binding of the enzyme to the resin specifically required the presence of Mn2+.
      The enzyme was eluted when Mn2+ was removed by addition of
      ethylenediaminetetraacetate to the elution buffer. Homogeneity, molecular weight,
      and subunit composition of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were checked by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. A
      factor which caused an underestimation of the enzyme activity in crude extracts
      was identified as adenylate kinase. Finally, a method is proposed for the
      enzymatic assay of bicarbonate using a purified phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
      preparation.

PMID- 3885784
TI  - Methyl purple, an exceptionally sensitive monitor of chloroplast photosystem I
      turnover: physical properties and synthesis.
AB  - Methyl purple is a recently introduced quinone-imide redox dye that has been
      shown to be an exceptionally sensitive monitor of photosystem I activity in
      chloroplasts. This compound has a wide range of potential applications for
      studies of photosynthetic electron transfer and photosynthetic bioenergetics, but
      the physical properties of the compound must first be established rigorously. The
      specific molar absorption coefficients of both the anionic and protonated forms
      of methyl purple have been determined. The oxidation-reduction midpoint potential
      of methyl purple over the pH range 3 to 12 was also determined by polarographic
      methods, and the effect of pH on the visible absorption spectrum is reported. A
      detailed procedure for the synthesis of methyl purple is given.

PMID- 3885785
TI  - In situ detection of beta-lactamase activity in sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gels.
AB  - After beta-lactamase had been denatured by boiling in the presence of sodium
      dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and then electrophoresed in SDS-polyacrylamide gels,
      activity could be restored and could be detected in situ as specific molecular
      species. Renaturation was simple and facilitated by the presence of a carrier
      protein. The assay was sensitive, detecting 0.8 ng beta-lactamase activity in the
      gel.

PMID- 3885786
TI  - M13 clones carrying point mutations: identification by solution hybridization.
AB  - A solution hybridization procedure for the rapid identification of M13 clones
      carrying a particular sequence is described. The method, which employs a
      radiolabeled oligonucleotide probe, can discriminate between sequences which
      differ by only a single base, and can therefore be used for the identification of
      mutant sequences created by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. Samples of
      phage-containing supernatant from cultures of M13-infected Escherichia coli are
      incubated with radiolabeled probe in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The
      mixtures are then subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis to separate hybrid
      molecules from unbound probe and hybridization is detected by autoradiography.
      This solution hybridization procedure is quicker and more convenient than
      membrane hybridization and has the added advantage that more than one probe can
      be used on a given gel.

PMID- 3885787
TI  - Distribution of fibronectin during the morphogenesis of the truncus.
AB  - The distribution of fibronectin during morphogenesis of the truncus has been
      studied in chick embryo hearts between days 4 and 10 of incubation. Fibronectin
      appears as a natural marker for some truncal cells and permits the visualization
      of the different processes of cell rearrangement which result in truncal
      morphogenesis. The mesenchymal cells involved in formation of the aorto-pulmonary
      septum and in formation of the arterial tunica media are intensely fluorescent
      for fibronectin. These cells present fibrillar deposits of fibronectin associated
      with their surfaces. Very little staining for fibronectin is observed in
      association with the anlage of the semilunar valves. Prospective adventitial
      cells are negative for fibronectin. The close association between the
      fluorescence and the surface of the cells involved in formation of the aorto
      pulmonary septum and the arterial tunica media suggests that fibronectin may be
      implicated in the formation of both structures. The intensity and amount of the
      fluorescence staining decreases as morphogenesis of the truncus is completed. The
      decrease in fibronectin staining is suggested to be related to changes in cell
      phenotypic expression.

PMID- 3885788
TI  - Localization of the iron transport glycoprotein, uteroferrin, in the porcine
      endometrium and placenta by using immunocolloidal gold.
AB  - Uteroferrin, a glycoprotein implicated in transplacental iron transport in the
      pig, has been localized within the porcine uterus during mid pregnancy by using
      immunocolloidal gold labeling of sectioned material. In the endometrium where
      uteroferrin is synthesized, it was located exclusively in the non-ciliated cells
      of the glandular epithelium where it appeared to follow a common route of
      secretory glycoprotein from the cell (i.e., rough endoplasmic reticulum----Golgi-
      --condensing vacuoles----secretory granules). Uteroferrin was present in the
      lumen of the glands and overlying placental areolae and in the large absorptive
      chorionic epithelial cells of the areolae. The latter cells contained numerous
      small vesicles and tubules as well as large endocytotic vacuoles. All these
      structures contained uteroferrin and are probably involved in translocating the
      glycoprotein in intact form from the uterine lumen to the blood capillaries
      draining the placenta.

PMID- 3885789
TI  - Development of mouse embryos in hanging drop culture.
AB  - Mouse blastocysts were cultured in hanging drops for up to 6 days in order to
      study development under conditions that avoid the distortion of embryos typically
      seen when they are allowed to attach to a glass or plastic surface. The survival
      rate of embryos in hanging drops was equal to that of embryos attached to culture
      dishes and superior to that of embryos suspended in gyrating flasks. Development
      of the embryonic portion was similar to that in vivo and on culture dishes but
      slower than in vivo; the egg cylinder stage was reached after 8-10 equivalent
      gestation days (4 to 6 days in culture), while that stage is reached at 5.5 to 6
      days in vivo. The trophectoderm, however, developed in a unique manner. The cells
      migrated away from the inner cell mass (ICM), similar to embryos on a culture
      dish, but without a surface on which to spread they clustered distal to the ICM.
      In vivo, trophectoderm remained covering the ICM. By 5 days in hanging drop
      culture the embryos had developed a segmented appearance with trophoblast giant
      cells at the abembryonic pole, extraembryonic cells not covered by vacuolated
      endoderm in the central region, and embryonic endoderm surrounding a developing
      proamniotic cavity in embryonic ectoderm at the embryonic pole. These
      observations suggest that the trophectoderm is able to follow a developmental
      program independent of that in the embryonic portion and that its behavior is
      dominated by the different adhesive properties of the trophoblastic and embryonic
      cells.

PMID- 3885790
TI  - Post-cardiac arrest therapy: calcium entry blockade and brain resuscitation.

PMID- 3885791
TI  - Pulmonary densities during anesthesia with muscular relaxation--a proposal of
      atelectasis.
AB  - Twenty patients (23-76 yr) were studied with regard to lung tissue changes prior
      to and following induction of general anesthesia with muscular relaxation, and
      another four subjects were studied for a longer period awake. The transverse
      thoracic area and the structure of the lung tissue were determined by
      computerized tomography. No abnormalities in the lung tissue were noted before
      anesthesia. Within 5 min after induction, including muscular relaxation, all
      subjects had developed crest-shaped changes of increased density in the dependent
      regions of both lungs. They were largest in the most caudal segment (4.8 +/- 0.8%
      of the transverse lung area, mean +/- SE) and smaller in the cephalad exposures
      (3.4 +/- 0.7% of the transverse area). The size of the densities showed no
      correlation to age. The densities did not increase after a further 20 min of
      anesthesia and were not affected by the inspiratory oxygen fraction. When the
      subjects were moved from the supine to the lateral position, the crest-shaped
      densities disappeared in the nondependent lung and remained in the dorsal part of
      the dependent lung. The application of positive end-expiratory pressure of 10
      cmH2O eliminated or reduced the densities. The four awake subjects showed no lung
      densities after 90 min in the supine position. It is suggested that these crest
      shaped densities represent atelectases, which develop by compression of lung
      tissue rather than by resorption of gas.

PMID- 3885792
TI  - The secularization of pain.
AB  - After Morton's demonstration in the Ether Dome of the Massachusetts General
      Hospital, anesthesia for surgery was accepted around the world at a speed
      unusually fast for any medical or scientific innovation. However, the concept of
      surgical anesthesia had been rejected on four occasions during the preceding 40
      years. The rapid acceptance of anesthesia in 1846 appears to have had a political
      and social basis as well as medical. Two factors are particularly important.
      First was a change in the perception of disease and pain; both lost religious
      connotations and became biologic phenomena as part of a process of secularization
      that affected all aspects of Western society. Second was the growth of a sense of
      well-being and progress, which imbued patients and physicians alike with
      confidence in their ability to control natural processes. During the last half
      century, pain has remained secular, but the confidence in both progress and the
      ability to control nature may have diminished.

PMID- 3885793
TI  - Effect of cardiac output on extravascular lung water estimates made with the
      Edwards lung water computer.
AB  - The Edwards lung water computer system uses the thermal-dye indicator technique
      to estimate the lung extravascular fluid volume (EVLW). The authors tested the
      effect of changes in cardiac output (CO) on EVLW estimates made with the lung
      water computer in six dogs anesthetized with halothane. Baseline CO was 2.5 +/-
      1.3 l/min (mean +/- SD); CO subsequently was increased either by 220% or
      decreased by 70% by either giving 0.5 mg/kg of isoproterenol or increasing the
      inspired halothane (1-4%), respectively. There was a significant correlation
      between the estimated EVLW and CO in each animal (P less than 0.05) such that a
      50% decrease in CO from baseline caused an approximately 40% increase in
      estimated EVLW. Postmortem examination showed that the lungs were not edematous,
      even though the lung water computer data indicated that severe pulmonary edema
      had developed at reduced COs. At increased COs, estimated EVLW decreased. The
      authors conclude that the Edwards lung water computer overestimates lung water,
      possibly because the thermal indicator diffuses into nonpulmonary as well as
      pulmonary tissue. The overestimate is greatest at low cardiac outputs.

PMID- 3885794
TI  - Assay of serum cholinesterase with succinylcholine and propionylthiocholine as
      substrates.
AB  - Serum cholinesterase (E.C. 3.1.1.8) was assayed with succinylcholine as a
      substrate. The reaction was coupled with choline oxidase and peroxidase in the
      presence of 4-aminoantipyrine and phenol to produce a red quinone dye that was
      measured spectrophotometrically. The method requires 25 microliter of sample in a
      total volume of 1.0 ml. The mean activity for 35 adults of the usual genotype was
      74.4 +/- 28 U/l (range 24-125 U/l). Succinylcholine-sensitive individuals had
      activities below 18 U/l. The same serum samples also were assayed with
      propionylthiocholine as a substrate. Activities with the two substrates showed a
      coefficient of correlation of 0.980 (n = 68). However, the method using
      propionylthiocholine showed more overlap between the activities of
      succinylcholine-sensitive and insensitive individuals. Assay with succinylcholine
      thus may offer a more effective method of screening for sensitive individuals,
      since some escape detection by conventional genotyping with dibucaine and
      fluoride.

PMID- 3885795
TI  - Postoperative pain relief for circumcision in children: comparison among
      morphine, nerve block, and topical analgesia.

PMID- 3885796
TI  - [Axial computerized tomography: current status and possibilities in the diagnosis
      of peripheral vascular pathology].

PMID- 3885798
TI  - [Peroperative insulin treatment].

PMID- 3885797
TI  - [Lactic acidosis].

PMID- 3885799
TI  - [Intravenous digital subtraction angiography in intensive care].
AB  - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IVDSA) was performed in 11 patients
      aged from 23 to 62 yr to visualize vascular disease that required to be treated
      without delay: 7 were in shock preceded by a cardiac arrest in 5 of them; 4
      suffered from acute renal failure, 8 from acute respiratory failure and one from
      brain death. 5 pulmonary, 2 thoracic aortic, 3 abdominal aortic, 1 right
      subclavian and 1 renal arterial angiographies were carried out by this method. In
      all the cases described, we either confirmed the diagnosis (rupture of thoracic
      aorta, type I aortic dissection, aneurysm of abdominal aorta, complete occlusion
      of the distal abdominal aorta, pulmonary embolism) or set aside diagnosis (lesion
      of the subclavian vessels, pulmonary embolism) or visualized the renal
      vasculature before removing the organ. No incident was observed. Conventional
      angiography remained a reference method but it presented risks which were not to
      be neglected in critically ill patients. Despite the theoretical limits set by
      the technical demands (absolute motionlessness, apnoea) and few other
      restrictions found in the literature, IVDSA seemed to offer distinct advantages
      under such conditions. Only requiring an injection using a catheter placed in a
      peripheral vein, this method was fast, safe and easy; it gave a close enough
      approach to the diagnosis to be able to help decide on specific treatment or on
      orientation towards a specific hospital department.

PMID- 3885800
TI  - [Plasma renin activity and prostaglandin E2 in hypotension induced by sodium
      nitroprusside].
AB  - Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is a potent, effective and readily reversible
      vasodilating agent frequently used in anaesthesia for deliberate hypotension.
      Moderate hypotension induced by SNP activated catecholamine and vasopressin
      secretions, and the renin-angiotensin system, resulting in partial antagonism of
      the hypotensive response to SNP. Furthermore, this increase in renin release was
      involved in the hypertensive rebound after SNP withdrawal. This activation of
      vasoconstrictor systems led to pharmacological associations aimed at reducing the
      risk of cyanide poisoning. The physiological interrelationship between
      prostaglandins and renin secretion has now been well established but, as far as
      we know, no paper existed concerning prostaglandins during SNP-induced
      hypotension. In such hypotension (Pa: -30%), monitored by invasive and non
      invasive haemodynamic techniques (pulsed Doppler), the variations in plasma renin
      activity (PRA) and in venous and arterial plasma PGE2 concentrations (V PGE2 and
      A PGE2), determined by radioimmunoassay, were studied in anaesthetized dogs.
      Invasive haemodynamic data were similar to previous reports. Common carotid
      diameter increased (p less than 0.05), with a constant common carotid blood flow.
      PRA (p less than 0.05), V PGE2 (p less than 0.05) and A PGE2 (p less than 0.05)
      increased. PRA and V PGE2 were highly correlated before and after SNP. SNP
      resulted in hypotension with reflex sympathetic activation and dilatation of
      large arteries. Carotid blood flow autoregulation was maintained. Whilst
      pulmonary removal of PGE2 remained unchanged, an increase in A PGE2 may have been
      involved in the vasodilator mechanisms.

PMID- 3885801
TI  - Insulin and glucose levels during CPR in the canine model.
AB  - Cardiopulmonary arrest and resuscitation produces tremendous physiological stress
      with resultant biochemical derangements. We undertook this study to determine
      insulin and glucose levels during cardiopulmonary arrest in the canine model.
      Baseline insulin and glucose levels were obtained from an ascending aortic arch
      catheter in six mongrel dogs. Ventricular fibrillation was induced by an
      electrical stimulus and ventilation was terminated. After five minutes of
      fibrillation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was initiated using external,
      mechanical CPR and a continuous epinephrine infusion at 5 micrograms/kg/min.
      Serum insulin and glucose levels were repeated 15 minutes after beginning CPR.
      Mean blood glucose 15 minutes after initiation of resuscitation (379 +/- 114
      mg/dL) was significantly increased from prearrest levels (124 +/- 29 mg/dL, P
      less than .01). Mean serum insulin 15 minutes after initiation of resuscitation
      (11.3 +/- 3.3 microU/mL) was significantly decreased compared to prearrest levels
      (16.2 +/- 6.0 microU/mL, P less than .05). During ischemia, the myocardium
      becomes dependent primarily on glucose as a source of energy. Inappropriately low
      insulin levels during CPR may adversely affect an already compromised myocardial
      glucose metabolism. Further investigation is needed to determine the utility of
      insulin infusion during CPR.

PMID- 3885802
TI  - Immediate emergency department external cardiac pacing for prehospital
      bradyasystolic arrest.
AB  - Approximately 25% of patients in prehospital cardiac arrest present in
      bradyasystolic rhythms, and their long-term prognosis is very poor. Our study was
      undertaken to determine the utility of immediate emergency department (ED)
      external cardiac pacing in this situation. Twenty patients presenting with
      bradyasystolic prehospital cardiac arrest were entered in the study. All received
      the usual advanced cardiac life support therapy, but also were externally paced
      immediately using an automated external defibrillator and pacemaker (AEDP). Only
      two of 20 patients showed evidence of electrical capture, and none developed
      pulses with pacing. Four of the 20 patients developed a sinus rhythm and blood
      pressure during resuscitation. Three survived to leave the ED, but none survived
      to leave the hospital. An increase in the rate of bradycardia and pulseless
      idioventricular rhythms that was independent of electrical capture or
      pharmacologic therapy was noted occasionally. Although survival was not enhanced
      using the AEDP, the device was reliable, easy to use, and free of complications.
      External cardiac pacing warrants further investigation in the prehospital
      setting.

PMID- 3885803
TI  - Transcutaneous pacing for bradyasystolic cardiac arrests in prehospital care.
AB  - To test the efficacy of transcutaneous pacing in prehospital bradyasystolic
      arrest, we applied an external transcutaneous pacing device to patients with
      asystole, pulseless idioventricular rhythms (PIVR), and pulseless bradycardias.
      Pacemaker units were carried by emergency medical services (EMS) physicians and
      specially trained EMS personnel. Patients were followed to determine hospital
      course and outcome. Of the 112 patients evaluated, information to adequately
      document the presence or absence of electrical capture was available in 105
      cases. Fifty-five (52%) of these cases demonstrated electrical capture; 9 of 112
      patients (8%) recovered pulses. Of those in asystole, 26 of 50 (52%) showed
      electrical capture, while the rate was 60% for those with PIVR (24 of 40
      patients) and complete heart block (CHB) (3 of 5 patients), and 25% for other
      pulseless bradycardias (2 of 8 patients). Pulses developed following capture in
      five of 55 patients (9%) in asystole and in four of 44 patients (9%) with PIVR.
      No patient with CHB or other bradycardias developed a pulse. No patients survived
      to be discharged from the hospital. The average time to application of the pacing
      device was 29 minutes after loss of pulse. Our data strongly suggest that delayed
      use of the transcutaneous pacing device does not improve the dismal survival
      rates of patients who suffer bradyasystolic cardiac arrest. Further studies
      should be directed toward investigating survival rates in patients paced
      immediately after the onset of cardiac arrest.

PMID- 3885804
TI  - Resuscitation of dogs from cold-water submersion using cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - In cold-water drowning, attempts at restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)
      by external cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) often fail. We explored the
      longest period of asphyxial cardiac arrest from cold-water submersion (without
      inhalation of water) from which ROSC is possible using cardiopulmonary bypass
      (CPB). In 19 lightly anesthetized dogs the tracheal tube was clamped (simulating
      laryngospasm) and the dogs were immersed in ice water from 20, 40, 60, 90, or 120
      minutes. Cardiac arrest occurred after six to 11 minutes of submersion. At start
      of resuscitation, rectal temperature ranged from 21 C (after 60 minutes) to 34 C
      (after 20 minutes of submersion), and cerebral temperature was between 7 C (after
      120 minutes) and 27 C (after 20 minutes submersion). Resuscitation attempts were
      performed according to protocol in 16 dogs, using only CPB by venoarterial
      pumping with an oxygenator and a heat exchanger. Priming was with 400 to 800 mL
      Dextran 40 and Ringer's solution 1:1 plus heparin. CPB flows were 10 mL/kg/min,
      and they increased to achieve normotension and return of rectal temperature to 32
      C. After one-half to three hours, of CPB, ROSC was successful in 75%. This
      percentage included one of three dogs after 90 minutes submersion, but not in the
      one dog after 120 minutes submersion. Spontaneous breathing and EEG activity
      returned in 56% at two to 24 hours, after 20 to 90 minutes of submersion. Failure
      of ROSC attempts apparently were due to clotting in large vessels during arrest
      and capillary leakage during reperfusion. CPB is effective for ROSC after
      prolonged hypothermic cardiac arrest, and it should be evaluated in animal
      outcome studies.

PMID- 3885805
TI  - Influence of mask design on bag-mask ventilation.
AB  - Adequate positive pressure ventilation in the field or emergency department
      continues to represent a major challenge. A new face mask design that recently
      has been introduced consists of a low-pressure "balloon" through which a Guedel
      airway is attached and extended proximally through the mask to allow the
      attachment of a ventilation bag. The mask is designed to seal the nares and mouth
      when pressed against the face. Ventilation is achieved through the airway which
      extends through the mask to just above the epiglottis. We designed a study to
      evaluate ventilating volumes and mask leak with this mask design, and to compare
      these parameters with those achieved with standard masks. Thirty volunteers with
      varied experience in bag-mask ventilation were chosen to ventilate a specially
      adapted ventilation manikin connected to a test lung that was capable of
      simulating varied compliances. Spirometers measured volumes delivered to the
      ventilating bag and lung, and mask leak could be calculated from these readings.
      A constant rate of 12 ventilations per minute was maintained by each volunteer
      for two minutes. Volunteers ventilated the test lung using three masks in random
      sequence: the SealEasy mask (Respironics Inc, Monroeville, PA), a Laerdal mask
      (old type), and a transparent Robertshaw mask with inflatable black rim. The
      average tidal volume delivered by the SealEasy mask was consistently higher than
      either of the other two. Significantly (P less than .05) higher volumes were
      delivered with the SealEasy mask when compared to the Laerdal, and significantly
      lower mask leaks were seen when the SealEasy was compared to both.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3885806
TI  - Medical reliability of advanced prehospital cardiac life support.
AB  - Records of 263 consecutive patients receiving prehospital advanced cardiac life
      support for dysrhythmias associated with clinical cardiac arrest were reviewed to
      determine 1) accuracy of diagnosis of presenting rhythm by the paramedic in the
      field and the medical control physician at the telemetry base station; and 2)
      whether the treatment rendered was appropriate. The initial rhythm was
      misinterpreted by the paramedic in 41 patients (16%) and by the medical control
      physician in 22 patients (11%). In 16 patients (8%) both paramedic and physician
      misinterpreted the initial rhythm. Treatment errors occurred in 120 patients
      (46%). Forty-seven errors (18%) resulted from failure to establish an intravenous
      line, 17 (6%) resulted from failure to secure a controlled airway, and 38 (14%)
      were medication errors from failure to adhere to protocol. We conclude that
      errors in management of prehospital cardiac arrest victims in our emergency
      medical services system result most often from mistakes in specific therapy
      rather than from failure to identify the precipitating dysrhythmia.

PMID- 3885808
TI  - Imperforate hymen with hematocolpos.
AB  - Presented are two cases of imperforate hymen with hematocolpos seen in a
      pediatric emergency department (ED) during a seven-month period. The first case
      presented with abdominal pain, urinary obstruction, and constipation on initial
      visit. The diagnosis was not made on the initial presentation. The patient was
      seen a second time, and final diagnosis was not made until a third visit to the
      pediatric outpatient clinic. The second case presented with syncope and bilateral
      lower abdominal pain. Ultrasound and subsequent surgery confirmed the physical
      findings in the ED of imperforate hymen and hematocolpos. Both patients underwent
      hymenectomy, and they have experienced no further symptoms.

PMID- 3885807
TI  - Clostridial myonecrosis.
AB  - Clostridial infections, particularly myonecrosis, can be fulminant and fatal;
      they often arise without an obvious history of trauma. The cardinal diagnostic
      clues (Figure 3) must be recognized so that specific therapy can be initiated
      promptly and mortality can be minimized. Aggressive medical care, including
      crystalloid fluid therapy and antibiotics, must be initiated quickly.
      Vasopressors should be avoided. Antitoxin has no role in contemporary care. Early
      hyperbaric oxygenation is beneficial, but it should be preceded by decompressive
      fasciotomy if limb edema is marked. Otherwise, definitive debridement or
      amputation is best delayed until after hyperbaric therapy is begun.
      Regionalization of care and long transport times also must be considered
      seriously in determining the therapeutic approach.

PMID- 3885809
TI  - Fate of poor and nurses linked in urban hospitals.

PMID- 3885810
TI  - Anna Freud (1895-1982).

PMID- 3885811
TI  - [Real-time cerebral echography in meningitis in the newborn infant and infants].
AB  - We report echographic findings in 17 patients with meningitis of which 16 were
      bacterial and the remaining one was due to toxoplasma. The signs more frequently
      observed have been ventricular dilatation and thickening of cortical sulci with
      increased echogenicity. Emphasis is made on the usefulness of realtime brain
      ultrasonography for monitoring of certain meningitis during the acute phase as
      well as for detection of sequelae later on the clinical course. One of our
      patients had tuberculous meningitis, and as far as we know, our sonographic
      follow-up is the first reported so far in this disease.

PMID- 3885812
TI  - [Childhood benign chronic bullous dermatosis. Differential diagnosis with
      dermatitis herpetiformis and bullous pemphigoid].
AB  - We review the literature on benign chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood and
      the criterions for its diagnosis and differentiation from dermatitis
      herpetiformis and bullous pemphigoid. The diagnosis among these conditions should
      be based on immunofluorescence data. BCBDC shows linear IgA on the basal membrane
      zone. Its course is benign and there is not enteropathy. In dermatitis
      herpetiformis we find granular IgA and complement in the tips of dermal papillae.
      It is a chronic illness and the patients have a gluten-sensitive enteropathy. The
      bullous pemphigoid is a severe condition which needs corticosteroids for its
      control. Direct immunofluorescent studies reveal IgG and complement in a linear
      pattern in the membrane basal zone. It is associated with circulating
      antibasement membrane zone IgG.

PMID- 3885813
TI  - Healing of benign gastric ulcer: comparison of cimetidine and placebo in the
      United States.
AB  - Recently the Food and Drug Administration approved cimetidine for the treatment
      of benign gastric ulcer. Approval was based in part on the results of our large
      multicenter trial involving 172 patients with benign gastric ulcer between 0.5
      and 2.5 cm in diameter: 87 were randomly assigned to receive cimetidine (300 mg
      four times daily) and 85 to receive placebo. Cimetidine treatment resulted in
      significantly more rapid healing than placebo; after 2 and 6 weeks of therapy,
      10.0% and 44.8% of patients receiving placebo were healed, as compared to 22.6%
      and 65.1% receiving cimetidine. The results of our study were compared with the
      time-response curve previously published (0, 4, and 8 weeks of therapy). The
      combined data yielded linear healing rates for the first 8 weeks of therapy (r
      greater than 0.99 for both cimetidine and placebo). These studies can be used to
      define expectations for healing of benign gastric ulcer, and we recommend follow
      up intervals of 8 and, if unhealed, 16 weeks.

PMID- 3885814
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis in hospital personnel. Evidence for person-to-person
      transmission.
AB  - An intern responsible for the care of a patient with chronic cryptosporidiosis
      developed acute diarrhea and serologic evidence of cryptosporidium infection.
      Sera from 26 hospital personnel exposed to the patient and 18 personnel with no
      exposure were examined with an indirect immunofluorescent antibody procedure for
      the presence of antibodies to Cryptosporidium. Eight (31%) exposed personnel--5
      nurses, 2 house officers, and 1 student--had positive antibody titers (1:10 or
      more). The frequency of positivity in the nurse-housestaff-student group (8 of
      18, 45%) was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) than that in the attending
      physicians and respiratory therapists (0 of 8). The former group had
      significantly more exposure to the patient's feces than did the latter group (p
      less than 0.01). Three of eighteen control personnel (17%) had positive
      cryptosporidium antibody titers. These findings suggest that Cryptosporidium may
      be transmitted from person to person in the hospital environment and that
      serologic evidence of infection is common among hospital personnel.

PMID- 3885815
TI  - Asthma and rhinitis due to ethylcyanoacrylate instant glue.
AB  - A 32-year-old man developed asthma due to a cyanoacrylate ester instant glue used
      in building remote control model airplanes. Typical asthma and rhinitis symptoms
      developed after 1 year using the adhesive. Delayed onset of symptoms was
      consistently related to the application of the glue to balsa wood. Bronchial
      provocation to the glue vapors in a manner simulating his home exposure resulted
      in a late asthmatic response with rhinorrhea and lacrimation. Increased bronchial
      hyperreactivity to methacholine occurred after bronchial challenge and persisted
      for several weeks. Complete resolution of the patient's asthma symptoms occurred
      with avoidance of the glue. Reversion to a negative methacholine challenge test
      occurred after 6 months of continued avoidance.

PMID- 3885816
TI  - Cutaneous abscess caused by Legionella micdadei in an immunosuppressed patient.

PMID- 3885817
TI  - Conservative surgery and irradiation in the treatment of early breast cancer.
AB  - The treatment of early (stage I and II) breast cancer over the past 10 years has
      shown a trend towards conservative use of surgery. The role of mastectomy in
      achieving local-regional control has been challenged by procedures that preserve
      the breast, in which tumor excision and axillary node dissection are followed by
      breast irradiation. Data from retrospective studies as well as prospective
      randomized trials have shown that in selected patients conservative surgery and
      radiation achieve results comparable to those of mastectomy in terms of 10-year
      survival and local-regional recurrence. Studies have shown that conservative
      surgery, radiation, and adjuvant chemotherapy can be combined effectively in
      patients at high risk for systemic disease. Although the optimal treatment of
      early breast cancer remains controversial, the non-mastectomy approach represents
      major progress.

PMID- 3885818
TI  - Occupational hazards to hospital personnel.
AB  - Hospital personnel are subject to various occupational hazards. Awareness of
      these risks, compliance with basic preventive measures, and adequate resources
      for interventions are essential components of an occupational health program.
      Physical, chemical, and radiation hazards; important infectious risks; and
      psychosocial problems prevalent in hospital workers are reviewed. A rational
      approach to managing and preventing these problems is offered.

PMID- 3885819
TI  - Biofeedback for hypertension. Health and Public Policy Committee, American
      College of Physicians.

PMID- 3885820
TI  - Isidore Snapper (1889-1973) and quantitative assay of fecal hemoglobin.

PMID- 3885821
TI  - Transesophageal mediastinal sonography.

PMID- 3885822
TI  - Ultrasonography and computed axial tomography in the detection and monitoring of
      renal hematomas following ultrasonically guided percutaneous renal biopsy.

PMID- 3885823
TI  - [Abdominal hydatidosis in echography. Reflections and characteristic aspects
      (Echinococcus granulosus)].

PMID- 3885824
TI  - The diameter of the common bile duct determined by ultrasound and ERCP is not
      necessarily comparable.

PMID- 3885825
TI  - [Unilateral neonatal enlarged kidney. Echotomographic approach to diagnosis.
      Update].

PMID- 3885826
TI  - [Muscular pathology and echography. Excluding tumors].

PMID- 3885827
TI  - Birdsong: from behavior to neuron.

PMID- 3885828
TI  - Real-time optical mapping of neuronal activity: from single growth cones to the
      intact mammalian brain.

PMID- 3885829
TI  - Stimulus specific responses from beyond the classical receptive field:
      neurophysiological mechanisms for local-global comparisons in visual neurons.

PMID- 3885830
TI  - Cell lineage in the development of invertebrate nervous systems.

PMID- 3885831
TI  - Vertebrate neuroethology: definitions and paradigms.

PMID- 3885832
TI  - [Beta-blockers in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Echographic study].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of beta blocker therapy in
      decreasing the amount of necrosis during a first transmural myocardial infarction
      (as evidenced by a local and overall kinetic study using two-dimensional
      ultrasonography). Twenty patients were randomly placed into 2 groups. Ten
      patients received 15 mg of metoprolol intravenously followed by 200 mg daily of
      the drug orally. The results indicated that beta blockers are well tolerated
      clinically and hemodynamically, and that they significantly reduced the amount of
      necrosis (p less than 0.05 in anterior myocardial infarctions).

PMID- 3885833
TI  - Progesterone assays: guidelines for the provision of a clinical biochemistry
      service.

PMID- 3885834
TI  - [Pregnancy and purulent retention of urine in the upper urinary tract. Apropos of
      4 cases].
AB  - The authors report their diagnostic and therapeutic approach to four recent
      cases. While ultrasound is an excellent diagnostic aid, only simplified
      intravenous urography can establish the nature and localization of the obstacle.
      As regards management, surgery, when it is possible, allows removal of the
      obstacle and the repair of the excretory tract. In pregnant women, as in other
      cases when surgery is not feasable, the drainage of the infected and retained
      urine is achieved endoscopically. The J ureteral catheter offers a sure and
      comfortable method. When retrograde catheterization is unsuccessful, percutaneous
      nephrostomy can be used as a temporary measure to tide over the pregnancy.

PMID- 3885835
TI  - [Bladder tumors: toward a non/somewhat invasive diagnosis and surveillance].

PMID- 3885836
TI  - [Pregnancy in renal transplant patients].
AB  - Renal transplantation is compatible with pregnancy in women under permanent
      dialysis, and leads to no problems for the mother or the transplant. The seven
      pregnancies observed in the authors' center over the past fifteen years
      progressed satisfactorily. There were no rejections, no cases of renal failure.
      In two cases, however, there was an aggravation of hypertension with acute
      gravidic toxemia and spontaneous abortion. The effects on the fetus of
      immunosuppressive drugs are difficult to evaluate; the main risk is prematurity.

PMID- 3885837
TI  - [Renal transplantation and pregnancy].
AB  - The authors report four cases of pregnancy in a series of 174 women who had
      undergone renal transplantation. In one case the pregnancy was complicated by a
      pre-eclamptic attack and premature delivery. A review of the literature shows
      that the risks to the mother and the kidney are marginal. The risk to the child,
      however, is more serious. Pregnancy in transplant patients is therefore a high
      risk pregnancy requiring advance precautions and careful surveillance.

PMID- 3885838
TI  - [Adrenal hematoma in a pregnant woman].

PMID- 3885839
TI  - [Renal cancer in the pregnant woman].
AB  - The authors report three cases of adrenal cancer in pregnant women. The
      diagnostic, pathogenic and therapeutic problems are discussed with particular
      emphasis on the considerable interest of ultrasound scanning. The surgical
      indications are always difficult and depend on the stage of evolution of the
      cancer, and the term of the pregnancy.

PMID- 3885840
TI  - [Monoclonal antibodies in urology. Basic theories and clinical applications].
AB  - After briefly recalling the different lymphocytic populations and their
      interactions, the author describes the technique of producing human anticlonal
      bodies. He then goes on to analyze the implications of this new technology on
      kidney transplantation and genito-urinary oncology.

PMID- 3885841
TI  - The aging human brain.
AB  - Postmortem and computed tomographic studies demonstrate many anatomical,
      morphological, and neurochemical differences between brains of old and young
      human beings. The variability of the results is great, however, and brains of
      some old subjects have characteristics of brains of younger controls.
      Furthermore, important aspects of brain functional activity are not reduced in
      the elderly. These include resting cerebral oxidative metabolism and
      "crystallized" intelligence as represented by verbal subtests on the Wechsler
      Adult Intelligence Scale. In the absence of superimposed disease (which
      frequently limits aging studies), overall function can be maintained at high and
      effective levels because of the plasticity and redundancy capabilities of the
      human brain.

PMID- 3885842
TI  - Antibiotic resistance and small R plasmids among Escherichia coli isolates from
      outpatient urinary tract infections in northern Norway.
AB  - Escherichia coli strains from outpatient urinary tract infections in northern
      Norway over a period of 1 year were examined for resistance to nine commonly used
      antibiotics. Strains collected during 4.5 months were examined for R plasmid
      content by using conjugation and in vitro transformation. Of the E. coli strains,
      42% were resistant to one or more antibiotics. Resistance was highest to
      sulfonamide (20.8% of all strains), nitrofurantoin (14.5%), and tetracycline
      (10.1%), whereas less than 6% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin,
      carbenicillin, cephalothin, nalidixic acid, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. No
      strain was resistant to gentamicin. Tetracycline resistance was more common in
      men than in women. Resistance to cephalothin, nalidixic acid, and sulfonamide was
      higher in strains from older people. Resistance to sulfonamide was more frequent
      in the urban community. These was no seasonal variation in antibiotic resistance,
      although the incidence of urinary tract infection varied with seasons. Plasmid
      determined resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamide, and tetracycline
      was found. About 18% of the resistant strains from the urban municipality carried
      R plasmids, most of which were small plasmids mediating resistance to sulfonamide
      and streptomycin. The overall frequency of resistance in strains collected from
      rural areas was similar to the urban frequency, but in the rural strains, R
      plasmids were found in only 5% of the resistant strains.

PMID- 3885843
TI  - Multiresistance plasmid from commensal Neisseria strains.
AB  - Antibiotic-resistant commensal strains of Neisseria spp. and Branhamella
      catarrhalis were isolated from throat cultures, on the basis of their capacity to
      grow in the presence of penicillin, streptomycin, or sulfamethoxazole
      trimethoprim. Several strains, which belonged to different species of Neisseria,
      were resistant to beta-lactams, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim,
      harbored a 6.0-megadalton plasmid with identical HinfI restriction patterns, and
      produced beta-lactamase and streptomycin phosphotransferase. The resistance
      determinants for beta-lactams, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole, but not for
      trimethoprim, were transferred from all these strains to Escherichia coli by
      conjugation or transformation. The resulting transconjugants or transformants
      acquired the plasmid and the capacity to produce beta-lactamase and streptomycin
      phosphotransferase. The 6.0-megadalton plasmid complemented a mutation which
      determines production of thermosensitive dihydropteroate synthetase in E. coli.
      We conclude that an R plasmid coding for beta-lactamase, streptomycin
      phosphotransferase, and a sulfonamide-resistant dihydropteroate synthetase is
      common to these strains.

PMID- 3885844
TI  - Oxygen- and time-dependent effects of antibiotics and selected mitochondrial
      inhibitors on Plasmodium falciparum in culture.
AB  - Several antibiotics which inhibit protein synthesis on 70S ribosomes, including
      clindamycin, pirlimycin, 4'-pentyl-N-demethyl clindamycin, four tetracyclines,
      chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, and erythromycin, had antimalarial effects
      against Plasmodium falciparum in culture which were greatly influenced by the
      duration of drug exposure and by oxygen tension. In 96-h incubations, potency was
      increased by a factor of up to 10(6) over the first 48-h period and by a factor
      of up to 10(4) in 15% O2 versus 1% O2. Two aminoglycosides, kanamycin and
      tobramycin, had no antimalarial activity. Rifampin and nalidixic acid, which
      inhibit nucleic acid synthesis, were not similar to the 70S inhibitors. The
      mitochondrial inhibitors Janus Green, rhodamine 123, antimycin A1, and 8
      methylamino-8-desmethyl riboflavin had activities which were influenced by the
      duration of exposure and oxygen tension. Quinoline-containing antimalarial
      agents, ionophores, and other antimalarial drugs were influenced to a minor
      extent by the duration of exposure but were not affected by oxygen tension. These
      data can best be explained by the hypothesis that antimalarial 70S ribosome
      specific protein synthesis inhibitors are toxic to the parasites by acting on the
      mitochondrion.

PMID- 3885845
TI  - In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of the fluoroquinolone WIN 49375
      (amifloxacin).
AB  - WIN 49375 (amifloxacin) is a synthetic antibacterial agent of the quinolone
      class. It is similar in chemical structure to pefloxacin but differs by
      containing a methylamino, rather than an ethyl, substituent at the 1-N position.
      The activity of WIN 49375 in vitro was comparable to those of norfloxacin and
      pefloxacin against Enterobacteriaceae and generally greater than those of
      tobramycin and cefotaxime. WIN 49375 was more active in vitro than carbenicillin
      and mezlocillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and showed moderate
      activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with MICs of less than or equal to 2
      micrograms/ml. The in vitro activity of WIN 49375 was not markedly affected by
      the presence of human serum, the size of the bacterial inoculum, or changes in pH
      between 6 and 8. Against systemic, gram-negative bacterial infections in mice,
      WIN 49375 was generally less active than cefotaxime but more active than
      gentamicin. WIN 49548, the major piperazinyl-N-desmethyl metabolite of WIN 49375,
      was aa effective as the parent drug against experimental infections in mice when
      given parenterally. When administered orally, however, this metabolite was less
      potent than WIN 49375. WIN 49375 was highly active by the oral route, with 50%
      effective doses within two- to threefold of those obtained with parenteral
      medication.

PMID- 3885846
TI  - Cloning and expression of Staphylococcus aureus plasmid-mediated quaternary
      ammonium resistance in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pSK1 carries Tn4001, a 4.7-kilobase (kb)
      transposon which specifies resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, and kanamycin.
      In addition, pSK1 mediates resistance to trimethoprim and linked resistance to
      ethidium bromide (Ebr) and to quaternary ammonium compounds (Qar). Restriction
      endonuclease analysis of pSK1 and a deleted derivative of pSK1 revealed that the
      gene(s) responsible for Ebr Qar lies within a 5.2-kb HindIII fragment. This
      fragment has been cloned into the Escherichia coli plasmid vector pBR322, and
      transformants of an E. coli K-12 strain exhibited Ebr Qar. Subcloning of the 5.2
      kb insert, combined with data from electron microscopic analysis of deleted
      derivatives of pSK1, located the Ebr Qar determinant(s) on a 2.3-kb segment of
      pSK1 DNA.

PMID- 3885847
TI  - Enhancement of the curative activity of primaquine by concomitant administration
      of mirincamycin.
AB  - Mirincamycin, a lincomycin derivative with unequivocal but limited activity
      against the pre-erythrocytic and persisting exoerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium
      cynomolgi, has been evaluated for capacity to enhance the radical curative
      potential of the conventional primaquine-chloroquine combination. Established
      infections with sporozoites of the above plasmodium in rhesus monkeys served this
      evaluation. The results showed that the dose of primaquine required for cure of
      50% of active infections was reduced by one-half to two-thirds by
      coadministration with 2.5 mg of mirincamycin per kg, 1/16 the 50% curative dose
      of this lincomycin derivative when used in a mono-drug regimen. The dimensions of
      the enhancement of the curative activity of primaquine were inversely related to
      the size of the sporozoite inoculum. The smallest dose of mirincamycin productive
      of enhancement was 2.5 mg/kg; whether doses larger than 2.5 mg/kg would have been
      more effective was not determined. There is much to be done before it is known
      whether a mirincamycin-primaquine combination is useful for suppressive cure or
      radical cure of the human malarias. Irrespective of that result, the current
      study serves to focus attention on a somewhat novel approach to the development
      of more effective and better-tolerated regimens for radical cure, an alternative
      to the empirical chemical synthesis and screening approach that has dominated
      searches heretofore.

PMID- 3885848
TI  - Ineffectiveness and toxicity of BCG vaccine for the prevention of recurrent
      genital herpes.
AB  - One hundred fifty-five patients with genital herpes were enrolled in a double
      blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing 0.1 ml of intradermal BCG vaccine with
      placebo for the prevention of recurrent episodes of genital herpes. The mean rate
      or recurrence over 9 months of prospective follow-up was 0.528 recurrences per
      month in BCG recipients compared with 0.392 recurrences per month in placebo
      recipients (not significant). The BCG vaccine also failed to influence the
      duration of lesions in the first recurrent episode of genital herpes after
      vaccination. Six patients were given a second inoculation of BCG vaccine, and
      persistent cutaneous granulomas were noted in three of these six patients.
      Intradermal inoculation with BCG does not appear to affect the natural history of
      genital herpes, and repeated inoculations can be toxic.

PMID- 3885849
TI  - Comparison of a new cephalosporin, BMY 28142, with other broad-spectrum beta
      lactam antibiotics.
AB  - BMY 28142, a new broad-spectrum semisynthetic cephalosporin, was evaluated in
      vitro and in vivo in comparison with ceftazidime, cefotaxime, moxalactam, and
      cefoperazone. The activity of BMY 28142 compared favorably with the activities of
      the other compounds against both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus
      and was somewhat greater against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The
      influence of inoculum size on MICs of BMY 28142 was small for most of the
      isolates tested, except Enterobacter species. With Enterobacter strains, a marked
      inoculum effect was found with all of the compounds, and the effect was more
      pronounced in broth than agar. Still, MICs of BMY 28142 in broth did not exceed
      16 micrograms/ml. Of 37 Enterobacteriaceae strains resistant to one or more of
      the comparison beta-lactams, none were resistant, at a low inoculum size (10(4)
      CFU), to BMY 28142, compared with 3 for moxalactam, 18 for ceftazidime, 23 for
      cefotaxime, and 34 for cefoperazone; at an inoculum size of 10(6) CFU, the number
      of resistant strains was 12, 17, 25, 34, and 37, respectively. Binding to human
      serum proteins approximated 19%. Recovery of 73% of the drug in mouse urine
      indicated good bioavailability. The in vitro profile was sustained in vivo by the
      results obtained with experimental infections in mice. BMY 28142 was as effective
      as ceftazidime against systemic infection with P. aeruginosa and as effective as
      cefotaxime against systemic infection with S. aureus. Overall, infections with 18
      of 20 strains representing nine genera were responsive to BMY 28142 at doses
      equivalent to or lower than those of the most effective of the comparison
      compounds.

PMID- 3885850
TI  - Lack of evidence for interaction between tobramycin and shock in their effect on
      renal function.
AB  - We sought to determine whether there was an interaction between aminoglycoside
      use and shock in their effect on renal function among seriously ill patients
      suspected of having gram-negative sepsis. Serial serum creatinine determinations
      were used to estimate changes in creatinine clearance rates in 179 patients
      entered onto a prospective randomized trial of tobramycin-nafcillin versus
      cefotaxime. A 25% decline in estimated creatinine clearance was considered to be
      clinically important. Univariate chi-square analysis showed that both shock (P
      less than 0.01) and tobramycin use (P less than 0.001) were independently
      associated with decline in estimated creatinine clearance. A two-way analysis of
      variance showed that both shock (F = 10.44, P less than 0.01) and tobramycin use
      (F = 42.6, P less than 0.001) continued to be significantly associated with renal
      dysfunction in the presence of each other, but there was no significant
      interaction between shock and tobramycin in their effect (F = 0.62, P less than
      0.43). A multiple logistic regression with an interaction term representing the
      occurrence of shock and tobramycin use simultaneously yielded similar results.
      Our study provided no analytic evidence supporting the existence of an
      interaction between shock and aminoglycoside use in their effect on renal
      function.

PMID- 3885851
TI  - Development of plasmid-mediated resistance in Vibrio cholerae during treatment
      with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
AB  - The persistence of Vibrio cholerae, biotype el tor, in a patient treated with
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was due to the acquisition of a conjugative
      resistance plasmid. The plasmid, with a molecular size of 72 megadaltons,
      belonged to incompatibility group 6-C and conferred resistance to ampicillin,
      chloramphenicol, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim.

PMID- 3885852
TI  - Cloning of the pullulanase gene and overproduction of pullulanase in Escherichia
      coli and Klebsiella aerogenes.
AB  - The pullulanase gene (pul) of Klebsiella aerogenes was cloned into a pBR322
      vector in Escherichia coli. Deletion analysis of the recombinant plasmid showed
      that the pul coding sequence, probably with the regulator gene, was located
      entirely within a 4.2-kilobase segment derived from the chromosomal DNA of K.
      aerogenes. E. coli cells carrying the recombinant plasmids produced about three-
      to sevenfold more pullulanase than did the wild-type strain of K. aerogenes W70.
      When the cloned cells of E. coli were grown with pullulan or maltose, most
      pullulanase was produced intracellularly, whereas K. aerogenes produced
      pullulanase extracellularly. Transfer of the plasmid containing the pul gene into
      K. aerogenes W70 resulted in about a 20- to 40-fold increase in total production
      of pullulanase, and the intracellular enzyme level was about 100- to 150-fold
      higher than that of the parent strain W70. The high level of pullulanase activity
      in K. aerogenes cells carrying the recombinant plasmid was maintained for at
      least 2 weeks.

PMID- 3885854
TI  - Method for improving the detection of viruses in fecal samples.
AB  - A method is described that improved the detection of viruses in fecal samples by
      electron microscopy. The virus particles were concentrated, and much of the
      background debris was removed by adsorption of viruses on meat protein added to
      the fecal sample at a low pH and a low salt concentration. Viruses were eluted by
      raising the pH and the salt concentration. Further concentration was achieved by
      acid precipitation and vacuum dialysis.

PMID- 3885853
TI  - Colonization of chicken cecae by Escherichia coli associated with hemorrhagic
      colitis.
AB  - Bacterial enumeration, histologic examination, and immunoperoxidase staining
      demonstrated the ability of an Escherichia coli strain associated with
      hemorrhagic colitis (serotype O157:H7) to colonize chicken cecae for up to 90
      days postinoculation after a peroral challenge at 1 day of age. The bacteria
      induced mild, transient, mucous membrane damage confined to the proximal cecae of
      healthy, normal-appearing chickens, principally at 14 to 28 days postinoculation.
      Attachment, effacement, and penetration of the cecal surface epithelium by E.
      coli O157:H7 were observed. With the exception of splenic, hepatic, and cecal
      tonsil immune-related changes and cecal damage and colonization, no other organ
      systems or portions of the gastrointestinal tract were affected by the bacteria.
      Bacterial counts indicated that E. coli O157:H7 was predominantly present in the
      cecae (often at levels greater than 10(6) CFU/g of tissue and contents) and to a
      lesser extent in the colon. Our results suggest that E. coli O157:H7 colonizes
      chicken cecae and is passed through the colon with fecal excrement. The ability
      of this organism to colonize chicken cecae indicates that chickens may serve as
      hosts and possibly as reservoirs for E. coli O157:H7.

PMID- 3885855
TI  - Diurnal changes in the rate of cholesterogenesis in hepatocytes from fed and
      starved rats: effects of precursors and pancreatic hormones in vitro.
AB  - The activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA
      reductase) varied with a diurnal periodicity in hepatocytes prepared at different
      times from rats accustomed to a controlled feeding and lighting schedule. The
      rates of sterol synthesis varied in a similar manner but the maximum rate was not
      synchronous with maximum HMG-CoA reductase activity. The diurnal increase in HMG
      CoA reductase activity and sterol synthesis rate started before food was offered
      to donor animals. Neither insulin nor glucagon had any effect on the diurnal
      pattern of hepatic sterol synthesis in vitro. Pyruvate inhibited sterol synthesis
      in hepatocytes prepared during the feeding period but had no effect at other
      times of day. When food was withheld from donor animals at the beginning of the
      normal feeding period both HMG-CoA reductase activity and the rate of sterol
      synthesis rapidly decreased. During this period neither insulin nor lipogenic
      substrates, alone or in combination, were able to restore the rates of sterol
      synthesis to normal values. In hepatocytes prepared from animals starved for a
      longer period (43 h) the decrease in the activity of HMG-CoA reductase was much
      less than that in the rate of sterol synthesis. In contrast to hepatocytes from
      fed or short-term-starved animals, the rate of sterol synthesis in these
      hepatocytes could be increased by glucose or pyruvate.

PMID- 3885856
TI  - Kinetic studies of the reduction of yeast glutathione reductase by reduced
      nicotinamide hypoxanthine dinucleotide phosphate.
AB  - The reduction of yeast glutathione reductase by reduced nicotinamide hypoxanthine
      dinucleotide phosphate (NHxDPH) has been examined by stopped-flow kinetic
      methods. Like reduced glutathione or NADPH, this pyridine nucleotide generates
      the catalytically active two-electron reduced form of the enzyme. This reductive
      half-reaction with NHxDPH has only one detectable kinetic step which shows
      saturation kinetics (Kd = 76 microM), and has a limiting rate constant of 56 s-1.
      Comparison of stopped-flow and steady-state turnover data indicates that the
      reductive half-reaction is rate-limiting in the overall catalytic reaction. No
      evidence was found for a preequilibrium charge-transfer complex between NHxDPH
      and the active site FAD, like that seen when NADPH is the electron donor.

PMID- 3885857
TI  - The thermodynamics of bovine and porcine insulin and proinsulin association
      determined by concentration difference spectroscopy.
AB  - Difference spectroscopy was used to determine the equilibrium constants and
      thermodynamic parameters for the monomer-dimer association of bovine and porcine
      insulin and bovine proinsulin at pH 2.0 and 7.0. At pH 2 delta G degree 25, delta
      S degree, and delta H degree for dimerization of bovine insulin were found to be 
      6.6 kcal/mol, -18 cal/mol-deg, and -12 kcal/mol, respectively. Porcine insulin
      behaved similarly to bovine insulin in its dimerization properties in that delta
      G degree 25, delta S degree, and delta H degree were found to be -6.8 kcal/mol, 
      14 cal/mol-deg, and -11 kcal/mol, respectively. At pH 7 delta G degree 25, delta
      S degree, and delta H degree for dimerization of bovine insulin were found to be 
      7.2 kcal/mol, -16 cal/mol/deg, and -12 kcal/mol, respectively. At pH 7.0 delta G
      degree 25, delta S degree, and delta H degree for dimerization of porcine insulin
      were -6.7 kcal/mol, -11.6 cal/mol-deg, and -10 kcal/mol, respectively. The
      similarity in the thermodynamic parameters of both insulin species at the
      different pH's suggests that there are minimal structural changes at the monomer
      monomer contact site over this pH range. The dimerization of both insulin species
      is under enthalpic control. This may suggest that the formation of the insulin
      dimer is not driven by hydrophobic bonding but, rather, is driven by the
      formation between subunits of four hydrogen bonds in an apolar environment. At pH
      2 delta G degree 25, delta S degree, and delta H degree for dimerization of
      bovine proinsulin were found to be -5.3 kcal/mol, -26 cal/mol-deg, and -13
      kcal/mol, respectively. At pH 7 delta G degree 25, delta S degree, and delta H
      degree for dimerization of proinsulin were -5.9 kcal/mol, -4.2 cal/mol-deg, and 
      7.2 kcal/mol, respectively. Although the presence of the C-peptide on proinsulin
      does not drastically affect the overall free energy change of dimer formation (as
      compared to insulin), the other thermodynamic parameters are rather drastically
      altered. This may be because of electrostatic interactions of groups on the C
      peptide with groups on the B-chain which are near the subunit contact site in the
      insulin dimer.

PMID- 3885858
TI  - Metabolism of monoterpenes: oxidation of isopiperitenol to isopiperitenone, and
      subsequent isomerization to piperitenone by soluble enzyme preparations from
      peppermint (Mentha piperita) leaves.
AB  - Soluble enzyme extracts from peppermint leaves, when treated with polystyrene
      resin to remove endogenous monoterpenes and assayed with unlabeled substrates
      coupled with capillary gas-liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric detection
      methods, were shown to oxidize isopiperitenol to isopiperitenone, and to
      isomerize isopiperitenone to piperitenone. The enzymes responsible for the
      monoterpenol dehydrogenation and the subsequent allylic isomerization were
      separated and partially purified by chromatography on Sephadex G-150, and were
      shown to have molecular weights of approximately 66,000 and 54,000, respectively.
      The general properties of the NAD-dependent dehydrogenase were examined, and
      specificity studies indicated that a double bond adjacent to the carbinol carbon
      was a required structural feature of the monoterpenol substrate. General
      properties of the isomerase were also determined, and it was demonstrated that
      the double bond migration catalyzed by this enzyme involved an intramolecular 1,3
      hydrogen transfer. These enzymatic transformations represent two key steps in the
      metabolic pathway for the conversion of the initially formed cyclic olefin, (+/-)
      limonene, to (-)-menthol and related monoterpenes characteristic of peppermint.
      Some stereochemical features of these reactions, and of the overall biogenetic
      scheme, are described.

PMID- 3885859
TI  - [Phosphorylation of the receptor insulin and insulin-like growth factors].
AB  - We have found that the beta-subunit of the insulin receptor is a phosphoprotein
      and that the degree of phosphorylation is increased by the binding of insulin to
      its receptor. Furthermore we have found that the beta-subunit of the insulin
      receptor itself is a tyrosine-specific protein kinase. Tyrosine-specific protein
      kinases have been reported to be associated with the transforming gene product of
      RNA tumor viruses, the EGF receptor, the IGF-I receptor and a protein believed to
      be the receptor for PDGF. These findings suggest that determination of the
      endogenous substrated for these tyrosine-specific protein kinases may yield a
      sequence of regulatory proteins for cell growth and transformation. From this
      point of view, our recent findings that the purified insulin receptor-kinase can
      phosphorylate purified microtubule protein (tubulin, MAP2, tau) are interesting.

PMID- 3885860
TI  - [A carcinogens--methods for detecting environmental muta/carcinogens].
AB  - The major causes of cancer in the developed countries are now thought to be
      environmental or man-made factors. Because most carcinogens are also mutagens,
      the detection and identification of muta/carcinogens to humans seem to be very
      important in the environmental sciences. We describe here, i) in vitro and in
      vivo short-term assays for muta/carcinogens in the environment, ii) possible
      method for monitoring human exposure to muta/carcinogens, and iii) some trials
      for estimating human risk for the development of cancers due to environmental
      mutagens.

PMID- 3885861
TI  - [Antitumor effect of OK-432 (3)--mechanisms of tumor growth inhibition by OK-432
      induced activated macrophages].
AB  - Spleen cells and peritoneal exudate cells obtained from BALB/c mice which had
      received an i.p. injection of 0.1 mg of OK-432 4 days previous to sacrifice, were
      examined by Winn's neutralization assay for their antitumor activity against Meth
      A sarcoma cells in BALB/c mice. Both of the cell preparations clearly inhibited
      the growth of admixed Meth-A cells, but when these same cell populations were
      treated on a Sephadex G-10 column, the effector activity seen in Winn's assay
      disappeared. The effector cells responsible for tumor inhibition were therefore
      considered to be cytotoxic macrophages. However, the inhibitory effect of these
      cytotoxic macrophages in Winn's assay was not evident in either X ray (300 rad)
      irradiated BALB/c mice or in nu/nu BALB/c mice. These results indicate that the
      antitumor activity of cytotoxic macrophages is associated with a sequential
      immune mechanism in which T cells may play an important role.

PMID- 3885862
TI  - [Phase II study of recombinant leukocyte A interferon (Ro 22-8181) in malignant
      brain tumors].
AB  - A phase II study of recombinant interferon alpha A (Ro 22-8181) for malignant
      brain tumors was jointly conducted at 21 medical institutes in order to evaluate
      its clinical effects and side effects. Treatment started with exclusive
      administration of Ro 22-8181 at 3 X 10(6) U/day, which was increased
      appropriately after confirmation of its safety, until an optimum dose permitting
      long-term administration was achieved for each patient. The dose thus determined
      was intramuscularly administered daily. Among those treated, 39 patients were
      available for evaluation. The percentage of partial responses according to the
      "Criteria for the Evaluation of Clinical Effects of Cancer Chemotherapy on Solid
      Tumor" by Koyama and Saito was 10.3% (4/39). Histologically, this was 7.1% (1/14)
      for glioblastoma and 14.3% (3/21) for malignant astrocytoma. Side effects
      included fever (57.3%), anorexia (34.1%), general fatigue (31.7%), leukopenia
      (52.4%) and thrombocytopenia (30.5%), and increased GOT and GPT (40.2%). In view
      of the success even in previously treated patients, and the side effects
      observed, Ro 22-8181 may be accepted as a useful addition to the treatment of
      malignant brain tumors.

PMID- 3885863
TI  - [Clinical efficacy of recombinant human leukocyte A interferon (rIFN-alpha A) on
      malignant tumors of the urogenital tract].
AB  - A cooperative study was carried out in 32 institutions throughout the country to
      evaluate the clinical efficacy of recombinant human leukocyte A interferon (rIFN
      alpha A, Ro 22-8181) on malignant tumors of the urogenital tract. The responses
      were evaluated according to the "Criteria for the Evaluation of Clinical Effects
      of Cancer Chemotherapy on Solid Tumor" proposed by Koyama and Saito. Out of 269
      cases which were examined in the present study, 138 cases were evaluable. Among
      108 cases with renal cell carcinoma, efficacy was observed in 15 cases; complete
      response (CR) in 2 cases and partial response (PR) in 13 cases, indicating an
      efficacy rate of 13.9%. PR was obtained in 1 case out of 14 with bladder cancer
      and 1 case out of 6 with tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter. Main subjective
      and objective adverse reactions observed were fever, malaise, anorexia and nausea
      and/or vomiting. Laboratory test abnormalities consisted of leukopenia,
      thrombocytopenia and elevation of GOT X GPT. All of these disappeared with
      discontinuation of rIFN-alpha A or after administration of its therapeutic dose.

PMID- 3885864
TI  - [Phase II study of recombinant leukocyte A interferon (Ro 22-8181) in
      hematological malignancies].
AB  - A Phase II study of recombinant leukocyte A interferon (rIFN-alpha A, Ro 22-8181)
      was performed in 121 patients with hematological malignancies at 33 institutions
      from July, 1982 to May, 1984. Patients received Ro 22-8181 by intramuscular
      injection daily for more than 4 weeks. Daily doses were escalated from 3 X 10(6)
      to 6X, 9X, 18X, 36X and 50X 10(6) units every 3-7 days. Among 70 evaluable cases,
      complete or partial responses were observed in 15 patients (21.4%). One complete
      and 10 partial responses (22.4%) were noted in 49 cases of multiple myeloma, 2
      partial remissions (18.2%) in 11 cases of malignant lymphoma and 2 partial
      remissions (25.0%) in 8 cases of leukemia. Side effects included fever (57.0%),
      anorexia (34.2%), nausea-vomiting (22.8%), malaise (19.0%), leukopenia (44.3%),
      thrombocytopenia (45.6%) and increase of GOT or GPT (26.6% or 22.8%). They were
      all not serious and disappeared quickly after the discontinuation of Ro 22-8181.

PMID- 3885865
TI  - [Randomized control study of high-dose metoclopramide in the prevention of CDDP
      induced emesis].
AB  - The effect of high-dose metoclopramide (2 mg/kg, 4 times every 2 hours) on the
      emesis of patients treated with CDDP (80 mg/m2) was examined by randomized
      control trial. The above metoclopramide regimen significantly suppressed the
      frequency of vomiting on the day of CDDP administration. The duration of nausea
      and anorexia after CDDP treatment was also shortened by high-dose metoclopramide
      administration.

PMID- 3885866
TI  - Risks and benefits of intensive treatment of acute leukaemia.

PMID- 3885868
TI  - SYNDROC: microcomputer based differential diagnosis of malformation patterns.
AB  - The differential diagnosis of human malformation patterns is difficult because of
      their great number and low occurrence. To compensate for deficiencies in
      experience, the authors have developed a microcomputer based differential
      diagnosis for dysmorphic syndromes. Written in PL/I-80 and using a MDBS III data
      base containing more than 700 signs and 300 syndromes, the algorithm of SYNDROC,
      the program's name, is built on three different approaches. An initial
      differential diagnosis is given by a pseudo-Bayesian method. Its refinement is
      possible through an heuristic approach, and undiagnosed cases are stored for
      subsequent Boolean retrieval, thus permitting the recognition of new dysmorphic
      disorders. The reliability of the program was tested in a retrospective study
      based on 100 dysmorphic cases. The results showed a 95% agreement between the
      first two diagnoses suggested by SYNDROC and the diagnosis made by experienced
      geneticists.

PMID- 3885867
TI  - Residual insulin secretion in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The residual insulin secretory capacity of 244 children with insulin dependent
      diabetes mellitus was determined by measurement of their 24 hour urinary C
      peptide excretion. An inverse linear relation was found between the residual B
      cell secretion and the duration of diabetes. The age at onset of diabetes did not
      affect the residual B cell function significantly.

PMID- 3885869
TI  - Inspiratory time and tidal volume during intermittent positive pressure
      ventilation.
AB  - We measured the tidal volume achieved during intermittent positive pressure
      ventilation using various inspiratory times with a minimum of 0.2 seconds.
      Results indicate that tidal volume shows no reduction with inspiratory times down
      to 0.4 seconds. An inspiratory time of 0.3 seconds, however, is likely to reduce
      tidal volume by 8%, and at 0.2 seconds a 22% fall may be anticipated.

PMID- 3885870
TI  - Sudden infant death in history and literature.

PMID- 3885871
TI  - Who should get growth hormone?

PMID- 3885872
TI  - Pulmonary interstitial emphysema.

PMID- 3885873
TI  - Phenylalanine and UVA light for the treatment of vitiligo.
AB  - The administration of phenylalanine (Phe) combined with UVA exposure was found to
      be effective in vitiligo. Phe is an amino acid which constitutes part of the
      daily dietary protein, and when orally administered in a dose of 50 mg/kg body
      weight, it results in an elevated plasma level. Since peak concentrations of Phe
      in the blood are reached between 30 and 45 min after ingestion, UVA exposure was
      administered at this time. After 4 months (32 treatments) reasonable
      repigmentation preferentially occurred in the skin area of subcutaneous fat
      (adipose tissue). Apart from the repigmentation of hypo-pigmented macules,
      vitiligo patients can tolerate more sun than usual, especially at the
      vitiliginous lesion, and they experience no sunburn as a result of Phe-UVA
      therapy. Normal skin also tans very well.

PMID- 3885874
TI  - Pathogenesis of lupus dermatoses in autoimmune mice. IV. Association between
      cutaneous immunoglobulin deposition and anti-single-stranded DNA antibodies in
      sera.
AB  - The skin of New Zealand, MRL and BXSB mice was immunohistopathologically examined
      in order to study the appearance of skin immunoglobulin (Ig) deposition and its
      correlation with the occurrence of anti-single-stranded (ss) DNA antibodies in
      sera. Our studies revealed Ig deposition at the dermoepidermal junction (DEJ) in
      non-lesional skin and a significant age-related correlation between skin Ig
      deposition and serum anti-ssDNA antibodies. However, immunofluorescent study of
      autoimmune mice using anti-ultraviolet-irradiated DNA antiserum failed to
      demonstrate DNA antigens at the DEJ.

PMID- 3885875
TI  - [Congenital giant sebaceous adenoma of the parotid gland secreting
      carcinoembryonic antigen, disclosed by immunoperoxidase PAP. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3885876
TI  - Effect of drug therapy on circulating and synovial fluid Ig-secreting cells in
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - A common immunological abnormality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an increased
      spontaneous polyclonal B cell activation. In order to study the influence of drug
      therapy in RA on the functional activity of B cells we enumerated spontaneous
      plaque-forming cells (PFC) in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and synovial
      fluid lymphocytes (SFL) by a reverse haemolytic plaque assay. Spontaneous IgG-,
      IgM-, and IgA-PFC in PBL of 26 patients with classical erosive RA receiving
      either gold salts or D-penicillamine were similar to those observed in 20 healthy
      controls. In contrast, significantly higher numbers of IgG- and IgA-PFC, but not
      IgM-PFC, were found in PBL of nine patients with classical erosive RA receiving
      non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) alone. Furthermore, spontaneous PFC
      in SFL from 16 consecutive patients with RA receiving second-line drugs, as well
      as 17 patients with other forms of arthritis (non-RA) were generally low and
      significantly less than those observed in 20 RA patients on NSAID alone.
      Moreover, a wide individual variation in PFC, especially in relation to the IgG
      class, was recorded in the synovial lymphocytes. These studies imply that
      treatment with second-line drugs is associated with normalisation of B cell
      activity in RA patients, and that the effect can be detected at the cellular
      level both in blood and synovial fluid.

PMID- 3885877
TI  - Malaria and haemoglobin genotype in young northern Nigerian children.
AB  - Plasmodium falciparum and P. malariae were found less frequently in blood
      obtained from Nigerian children under the age of two years who had the
      haemoglobin genotype AS than in blood films obtained from those who had the
      genotype AA. However, differences between the two groups were statistically
      significant only for P. falciparum asexual forms. The prevalence of malaria
      antibodies, as measured by an ELISA, did not differ significantly between the two
      groups.

PMID- 3885879
TI  - Transient total blindness from quinine therapy.

PMID- 3885881
TI  - Cardiac transplantation: realities in 1985.

PMID- 3885880
TI  - Filariasis transmission in Samoa. I. Relation between density of microfilariae
      and larval density in laboratory-bred and wild-caught Aedes (Stegomyia)
      polynesiensis (Marks) and wild-caught Aedes (Finlaya) samoanus (Gruenberg).
AB  - Transmission experiments of laboratory-bred and wild-caught Aedes polynesiensis
      and wild-caught Ae. samoanus on carriers with different levels of microfilaraemia
      showed that the percentage of mosquitoes infected, the average number and range
      of larvae found in each infected mosquito were directly proportional to the
      microfilarial densities in the carrier at the time of feeding. There was no
      difference between the results for laboratory-bred and wild-caught mosquitoes.
      Aedes polynesiensis fed on low carriers (around 20 Mf ml-1 and less) gave an
      average infection rate of 4.9%. Each infected mosquito harboured only one larva.
      A plot of the probit of percentage Ae. polynesiensis positive against the
      logarithm of microfilarial density showed a linear relationship. Using the
      regression line, at 95% confidence interval, a microfilarial density of 1 ml-1
      would give an infection rate of 0.22-2.51%, a density of 0.1 Mf ml-1 an infection
      rate of 0.01-1.0%. The concentrating capacity of Ae. polynesiensis ranged from
      0.70 to 4.74. As microfilaria densities decreased, concentration increased. The
      microfilarial intake, the subsequent worm burden and concentrating capacity were
      less in Ae. samoanus than Ae. polynesiensis. There was no evidence of any
      association between microfilarial density and concentration in Ae. samoanus.

PMID- 3885878
TI  - Filariasis transmission in Samoa. II. Some factors related to the development of
      microfilariae in the intermediate host.
AB  - The developmental period of microfilariae of sub-periodic Wuchereria bancrofti in
      laboratory-bred Aedes polynesiensis and Ae. samoanus was shorter in the warm
      season (December to May) than in the cool season (June to November). In the warm
      season the microfilariae reached the 'sausage' stage in three days, cylindrical
      second stage in seven days and the infective stage in 12 days after the infecting
      meal. During the cool season the incubation period was extended to 14 days.
      Microfilariae persisting in a carrier recently treated with diethylcarbamazine
      citrate readily infected Ae. polynesiensis and Ae. samoanus and developed into
      the infective stage, but the proportion which became infected was significantly
      less than the proportion infected on an untreated carrier having comparable
      microfilarial density. Under the conditions of the experiments the survival of
      infected Ae. polynesiensis and Ae. samoanus was dependent on physical conditions.
      The average level of infective worm burden did not appear to affect the mortality
      of the vectors.

PMID- 3885882
TI  - Cardiac transplantation at the Texas Heart Institute: comparative analysis of two
      groups of patients (1968-1969 and 1982-1983).
AB  - Two groups of heart transplant recipients were studied. Patients in Group 1
      underwent heart transplantation from May, 1968, to November, 1969. They were
      compared with Group 2, a series begun in July, 1982, when the current cardiac
      transplantation program was renewed at the Texas Heart Institute, and terminated
      in December, 1983. Patient selection, management, and results were compared. With
      a cumulative follow-up of 64 patient-months (Group 1) versus 93 patient-months
      (Group 2), the actuarial 18-month survival was 0 in Group 1 versus 70% in Group
      2. Nine of the 18 patients in Group 1 died of rejection versus 4 of the 18
      patients in Group 2. There were 6 infection-related deaths in Group 1 and none in
      Group 2. Using linearized rates based on 100 patient-months, the incidences of
      rejection and infection were, respectively, 23 versus 10.7 (p less than 0.05) and
      64 versus 34 (p less than 0.05) between Groups 1 and 2. Incidence, pattern, and
      severity of these major complications have been reduced significantly. Over the
      last decade, there have been improvements in the selection of potential
      candidates, better management of donors, improved graft preservation, and the
      introduction of more selective immunosuppression.

PMID- 3885883
TI  - Legionnaires' disease after heart transplantation.
AB  - The cases of 8 heart transplant recipients with legionnaires' disease are
      reviewed. The diagnosis in each patient was made by fluorescent antibody stains
      or direct culture of the sputum, transtracheal aspirate, or fine needle aspirate
      of the lung. All patients were successfully treated with erythromycin alone or in
      combination with rifampin. Radiographic and clinical variations of legionnaires'
      disease as seen in the immunocompromised host are presented.

PMID- 3885885
TI  - Transseptal control of the difficult aortic annulus.
AB  - Successful control of the aortic root in extensive erosive endocarditis, with or
      without mycotic ventricular septal defect, frequently depends on secure
      prosthetic fixation to the interventricular septum. We describe transseptal
      suture fixation of aortic root prostheses through a pulmonary infundibular
      approach and recommend its early use to avoid difficult, often injurious,
      attempts at septal suture from within the left ventricular outflow tract.

PMID- 3885884
TI  - Prophylaxis of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia after coronary bypass surgery
      with oral verapamil: a randomized, double-blind trial.
AB  - This study investigated the efficacy of oral administration of verapamil, started
      24 hours after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), in reducing the incidence
      of postoperative supraventricular tachyarrhythmia (SVT). Two hundred patients
      were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive a one-week course of
      either a placebo or 80 mg of verapamil every 6 hours. Overall, SVT developed in
      23 control and 14 verapamil-treated patients, a 39% reduction in incidence (p
      less than 0.10). Of the patients who received at least four doses and continued
      to receive the study drug, 17 in the control and 7 in the verapamil group
      experienced SVT, a 53% decrease in incidence (p less than 0.06). Atrial
      fibrillation constituted 34 of the 37 SVT episodes and was associated with a
      slower ventricular response in the group given verapamil (115 +/- 8 versus 156 +/
      4 beats per minute; p less than 0.001). No evidence was found linking
      postoperative SVT with the withdrawal of beta-blocking drugs. Adverse effects
      required that 20 patients in the verapamil and 6 in the placebo group be removed
      from the study. Hypotension or pulmonary edema or both developed in 13 of the
      patients receiving verapamil, but in only 1 of the control patients (p less than
      0.001). We conclude that although verapamil has potential merit for the
      prophylaxis of SVT after CABG, its use in this setting is associated with a high
      incidence of unacceptable hemodynamic side effects.

PMID- 3885886
TI  - Safe technique for aortic anastomosis in orthotopic canine cardiac
      transplantation.
AB  - In canine orthotopic transplantation, bleeding from the aortic suture line is
      often encountered, leading to the failure of the experiment. A new method for
      canine aortic anastomosis is described that is safe, simple to perform, and
      reproducible.

PMID- 3885887
TI  - Substernal goiter.
AB  - The literature on substernal goiter from the seventeenth century to the present
      is reviewed. Substernal goiter may be defined as any thyroid enlargement that has
      its greater mass inferior to the thoracic inlet. Truly ectopic mediastinal
      goiters are rare, and most substernal goiters arise from and maintain some
      attachment to the cervical thyroid gland. Patients are generally in the fifth
      decade of life, and women predominate. Most patients experience dyspnea, stridor,
      or dysphagia, but 15 to 50% are asymptomatic; symptoms are often positional, and
      acute stridor may occur. Ten to twenty percent have no cervical mass or tracheal
      deviation on examination, and virtually all patients are euthyroid. Standard
      chest roentgenograms are often diagnostic, but computed tomographic or
      radioactive iodine scans may be helpful. The presence of a substernal goiter in
      all but the highest-risk patients is an indication for resection, usually through
      a cervical collar incision; an occasional patient will require sternotomy or
      thoracotomy. Death or major complications should be rare postoperatively.
      Substernal goiters are adenomatous and benign, but carcinoma occurs in 2 to 3%
      and may be occult. Patients should be followed closely, as these goiters may
      recur.

PMID- 3885888
TI  - Salmonella typhimurium bacteriuria. An increased infection rate in systemic lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - Three of 59 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus developed a total of eight
      Salmonella typhimurium bacilluria over five years of study. Lupus was the
      commonest disease entity associated with this urinary infection.

PMID- 3885889
TI  - Moderate weight loss and sulfonylurea treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus. Combined effects.
AB  - Hypocaloric liquid formula diets were given for one month to 20 moderately obese
      patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus divided into two equal
      groups; group 1 was treated with weight loss alone; group 2 received glipizide in
      addition to the hypocaloric diet. Mean weight loss was similar in the two groups
      (6.5 +/- 0.6 v 6.4 +/- 0.5 kg) and was associated with a statistically
      significant fall in mean fasting plasma glucose values from 293 +/- 15 to 232 +/-
      24 mg/dL (group 1) and from 281 +/- 15 to 152 +/- 7 mg/dL (group 2). This was
      associated with 13% (group 1) and 36% (group 2) decrements in total postprandial
      glucose response. Neither fasting nor postprandial insulin levels changed
      significantly with weight loss, but estimates of insulin-stimulated glucose
      disposal demonstrated a 15% (group 1) and 42% (group 2) improvement. Finally,
      fasting plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations fell significantly in
      both groups.

PMID- 3885890
TI  - Salmonella infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Salmonella infections occurred in six patients with acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome (AIDS) and one patient with probable AIDS. The immune system defects
      increase the susceptibility of patients with AIDS to salmonella infections.
      Recognition of salmonellosis in patients with AIDS is important because of a high
      propensity of this organism to invade the bloodstreams of these patients, and
      because, unlike other infections in patients with AIDS, this infection can be
      easily treated.

PMID- 3885891
TI  - A randomized trial of the effects of exercise training after coronary artery
      bypass surgery.
AB  - Fifty-three male volunteers who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery were
      randomized to a medically supervised exercise program (N = 28) or to usual
      community care (N = 25). They were tested initially and at one year with exercise
      tests for thallium scintigraphy, maximal oxygen uptake, and electrocardiography.
      Approximately one third of the patients had signs and/or symptoms of ischemia
      consistent with incomplete or unsuccessful revascularization. Over the year there
      were five dropouts, but no major complications occurred. The exercisers attended
      an average of 82% of the sessions (three times a week) and trained at 80% of
      their maximal heart rate. Both the exercisers with and those without angina had
      significant increases in estimated and measured oxygen uptake and significant
      declines in submaximal and resting heart rate. There was a trend toward improved
      thallium scans in the exercised patients with angina.

PMID- 3885892
TI  - Group B streptococcal infective endocarditis.
AB  - From 1970 to 1983, five patients with group B streptococcal endocarditis were
      treated at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. The minimal inhibitory concentration
      and the minimal bactericidal concentration of penicillin were 0.09 microgram/mL
      or less and 1.56 micrograms/mL or less, respectively. The in vitro activity of
      cefazolin against group B streptococci was similar to that of penicillin. In
      three of the five cases, penicillin and streptomycin acted synergistically in
      vitro against group B streptococci. Four of the five patients were cured, three
      by use of an aminoglycoside combined with penicillin, ampicillin, or vancomycin.
      Three of the five patients had multiple large systemic emboli, and one of the
      three died of brain-stem infarct. Penicillin alone or in combination with an
      aminoglycoside is effective therapy for group B streptococcal endocarditis.
      Patients unable to tolerate penicillin may be treated with cefazolin or
      vancomycin. Clindamycin therapy should be avoided in patients with endocarditis
      caused by strains that are tolerant in vitro to clindamycin.

PMID- 3885893
TI  - Short-course chemotherapy for pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium bovis.
AB  - Three residents of The Open Door Mission of Omaha developed pulmonary infections
      due to Mycobacterium bovis. All were alcoholics with malnutrition. The disease
      was most likely due to reactivation of a primary infection acquired at least 30
      years earlier in the index case. Both of the secondary patients had been treated
      more than ten years previously for infections due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
      Supervised short-course chemotherapy was effective in treating the disease caused
      by Mycobacterium bovis.

PMID- 3885894
TI  - The progression of medicine. From physician paternalism to patient autonomy to
      bureaucratic parsimony.

PMID- 3885895
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against the human leukemia cell line K 562.
AB  - Three monoclonal antibodies raised against K 562, a cell line originally
      established from a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in terminal blast
      crisis, were selected according to their distinct reaction pattern. Whereas two
      antibodies (ZIK-C1-A/C5 and ZIK-C1-A/H5 also designated C and H) recognized
      antigens, present on K 562 cells and other immature and mature hematopoietic
      cells (cell lines and normal blood and bone marrow cells), antibody ZIK-C1-A/D9
      also designated Y showed an exclusive binding to K 562 cells. The results
      obtained (here and in the following paper) indicate, that antibody ZIK-C1-A/D9
      defines an early differentiation antigen of hematopoiesis or a leukemia
      associated antigen.

PMID- 3885896
TI  - Reactivity of monoclonal anti-K 562 antibodies with cells of leukemia- and
      lymphoma-patients.
AB  - For further characterization, monoclonal anti-K 562 antibodies (1) were tested
      against blood or bone marrow cell samples of patients with various leukemias and
      lymphomas. One antibody, ZIK-C1-A/D9 (also designated Y) reactive in previous
      tests exclusively with K 562 cells, but not with normal blood cells, exhibited a
      selective binding to cells of most AML-patients and CML-patients in myeloid blast
      crisis. Cells of patients with other hematopoietic malignancies were negative,
      except three single cases (one lymphosarcoma, one AUL and one hairy cell
      leukemia). Antibody ZIK-C1-B/H5 (short name H) detected an antigenic determinant,
      preferentially expressed on cells of AML and CML patients, but also on normal
      granulocytes and some mononuclear cells. Two additional monoclonal anti-K 562
      antibodies, ZIK-C1-A/F5 (short name C) and 2B7, yielded specificities shared by a
      variety of normal and malignant hematopoietic cells.

PMID- 3885897
TI  - Leukemic cell maturation.
AB  - Leukemic blasts can be induced by external chemical agents to mature to
      neutrophils, monocytes, or RBCs. The phenotype of leukemic cells thus results
      from both internal genetic aberrations and the response of leukemic cells to
      their external environment. When human myeloid leukemia cells are exposed in
      vitro to a variety of agents (eg, vitamin A or dimethyl sulfoxide) the blasts
      lose their proliferative potential, the expression of oncogene products is
      sharply decreased, and after five days the leukemic cells become morphologically
      mature and functional neutrophils. Some patients with myeloid leukemias have
      responded to therapy designed to induce maturation in vivo. The induced
      maturation of leukemic cells is a new therapeutic tactic--an alternative to
      cytotoxic drug therapy--wherein leukemic cells are destroyed by transforming them
      into neutrophils.

PMID- 3885898
TI  - Hyphal forms of Histoplasma capsulatum. A common manifestation of intravascular
      infections.
AB  - The usual tissue form of Histoplasma capsulatum is a small intracellular yeast,
      though extracellular organisms of unusually large size have also been described.
      The production of hyphae in tissue has been regarded as rare and we believe not
      generally appreciated. We report a case of probable Histoplasma endocarditis from
      which an embolus demonstrated abundant mycelial forms on histologic examination.
      Of previously reported cases of H capsulatum endocarditis with detailed
      pathologic description, nine of 27 cases are found to demonstrate hyphal forms.
      Hyphal structures should be considered a common morphologic variant of H
      capsulatum in intravascular lesions.

PMID- 3885899
TI  - Neuroblastoma in adults. Pathologic findings and clinical outcome.
AB  - Neuroblastoma in adults is uncommon. Previous reports have suggested that adult
      patients with neuroblastoma have a better prognosis than children with these
      tumors. We have examined the clinical features of eight adults with neuroblastoma
      and related these data to tumor histopathology and immunohistochemistry using an
      antibody to neuron-specific enolase. The results show that when children and
      adults with neuroblastoma are compared by stage, adults do not have a better
      prognosis. Adults tend to have a different anatomic distribution of primary tumor
      sites, with more frequent extra-abdominal sites than are seen in children.
      Neuroblastomas arising in adults are similar to those seen in children by
      containing neuron-specific enolase, an enzyme associated with cells of
      neuroectodermal origin. These findings show that adult neuroblastomas are similar
      to their childhood counterparts in clinical behavior and pathologic features.

PMID- 3885900
TI  - Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas with high carcinoembryonic antigen.
AB  - A large mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas was found that showed a
      remarkably high carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level in cyst content. Staining
      for CEA was also detected in the lining epithelium. These findings indicate that
      columnar epithelial cells secrete CEA that accumulates in the cyst. We suggest
      that a CEA level determination of the cyst fluid, along with CEA immunoperoxidase
      staining on cell preparations, may prove useful in providing an accurate
      diagnosis of pancreatic cystic tumors.

PMID- 3885901
TI  - Evaluation of enzyme immunosorbent rubella assays.
AB  - Rubella enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays [( EIAs] Abbott Laboratories) were
      compared with hemagglutination inhibition methods in a national survey of
      clinical laboratories. Rubella EIAs demonstrated greater interlaboratory
      precision in screening for antibodies and better agreement among participants in
      quantification of antibody levels. From the viewpoint of interlaboratory surveys,
      EIA is well suited for routine use in clinical laboratories. The requirement for
      proper standardization of EIA was discussed.

PMID- 3885902
TI  - Hepatocyte hepatitis B surface antigen. Diagnostic evaluation of patients with
      clinically acute hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatitis.
AB  - Patients who were diagnosed as having acute hepatitis B by conventional criteria
      were reevaluated by a correlative study of tissue hepatitis B surface antigen
      (HBsAg) and serologic tests for anti-hepatitis A virus, IgM, and/or anti
      hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) IgM. The results demonstrated that the
      diagnosis of acute hepatitis B in an endemic area was complicated by
      superinfection or reactivation of unrecognized hepatitis B carriers or chronic
      hepatitis B patients simulating acute hepatitis clinically. Anti-HBc IgM failed
      to discriminate newly infected acute hepatitis B from reactivation of chronic
      hepatitis B liver disease, especially when the enzyme-linked immunoassay index
      value was low. Our data suggest that a combination of different tissue HBsAg
      expression patterns usually indicate the presence of underlying chronic liver
      disease, while the tissue HBsAg was practically all negative in newly infected
      cases. Therefore, the study for tissue HBsAg expression by the immunoperoxidase
      method is an invaluable aid in identifying true acute hepatitis B in patients in
      an endemic area.

PMID- 3885903
TI  - Immunopathologic studies of adult linear IgA bullous dermatosis.
AB  - Three cases of adult linear IgA bullous dermatosis were examined to determine the
      types of IgA present in the basement membrane zone. IgA 1 subclass, without IgA2,
      was identified in all three cases; J chain was identified in only one case.
      Secretory component was absent in all cases. Two observations can be made from
      this study. First, the predominance of monomeric IgA1 is more compatible with the
      pattern of antibody secretion of plasma cells present in extragut sites than in
      intestinal sites. These findings are further evidence of the distinction between
      dermatitis herpetiformis, which has polymeric IgA1, and adult linear IgA bullous
      dermatosis and may suggest an extragut site for the origin of the antibodies. The
      second observation is that the antibodies in adult linear IgA bullous dermatosis
      show limited expression of heavy and light chains and molecular size that cannot
      be explained by origin in any compartment. The origin of this limitation cannot
      be determined from the present data, but possible explanations include a
      monoclonal or oligoclonal origin of the plasma cells secreting the anti-basement
      membrane antibodies, genetic restriction of either the immunoglobulin repertoire
      or helper T-cell response such that only an IgA subpopulation is permitted to be
      produced in response to the antigen, and selective absorption from the sera or
      deposition in the skin.

PMID- 3885904
TI  - Detection of herpes simplex infection in cytologic smears.
AB  - We compare the results of direct immunofluorescence (IF) with cytology
      (Papanicolaou's stains) for diagnosis of herpes simplex infection. Thirty smears
      were examined. Yellow-green fluorescence was seen in 17 smears. Only eight of
      these smears had diagnostic cytology, and nine of the smears with positive
      fluorescence had none (four) to minimal (five) cytologic changes, suggesting that
      direct IF is a much more sensitive method for diagnosis of herpes simplex
      infection in cytologic smears.

PMID- 3885905
TI  - Professional responsibility.

PMID- 3885906
TI  - Home negative pressure ventilation: report of 20 years of experience in patients
      with neuromuscular disease.
AB  - Twenty years of experience using negative pressure devices (NPD) at home to
      ventilate 40 patients with neuromuscular disease is presented. The purpose of the
      study was to determine the costs, complications, and clinical outcome of this
      form of respiratory support, and to ascertain the reasons for failure to
      institute effective negative pressure ventilation (NPV) in nine patients. Emerson
      tank respirators, used mainly to rest respiratory muscles at night, and
      intermittent positive pressure breathing machines were used by 98% of patients at
      an average equipment cost of +2,700 annually. Patients in whom NPV was initiated
      on an elective rather than emergent basis saved an average of +12,000 during
      their initial hospitalization. Life table analysis shows a five-year survival of
      76%, and a 10-year survival of 61%. Complications were minor and occurred at an
      average rate of less than one per year per patient at home on NPV. Failure to
      achieve satisfactory NPV in nine patients was associated with age (six patients
      were younger than 3 years of age), or severe thoracocervical scoliosis, which
      prevented proper fitting of the NPD. For reasons of safety, economy, and quality
      of life, NPV at home is the preferred treatment for patients having neuromuscular
      disease who need respiratory assistance.

PMID- 3885907
TI  - Depression and adrenocortical function in spinal cord injury patients: a review.
AB  - Depressive disorders are a significant problem among patients with spinal cord
      injury (SCI), but their diagnosis is difficult. The Dexamethasone Suppression
      Test (DST) has recently been shown useful for diagnosis of endogenous depression
      in physically healthy individuals. This article reviews the literature pertinent
      to depression and adrenocortical regulation after SCI, with special emphasis on
      DST. While depression is fairly common in SCI patients, endogenous depression
      occurs infrequently. The validity of the DST for diagnosis of depression in these
      patients is questionable because of the changes in adrenocortical regulation
      caused by SCI. Directions for future research are suggested.

PMID- 3885908
TI  - An objective assessment of the physiologic changes in the postthrombotic
      syndrome.
AB  - To determine what physiologic changes might contribute to the development of the
      postthrombotic syndrome, venous outflow, venous refilling time, and valvular
      competence were assessed in 32 patients (39 limbs) with documented deep venous
      thrombosis. The follow-up ranged from nine to 144 months (mean, 41 months) after
      the acute deep venous thrombosis. Pain was noted by 49% of the patients, but more
      objective end points occurred less frequently (edema, 21%; pigmentation, 26%;
      ulceration, 3%). Venous outflow was lower in the affected limbs but was not a
      good indicator of those patients with or without symptoms. Venous refilling time
      after calf compression was markedly reduced in limbs with incompetent valves
      (mean +/- SD, 8.4 +/- 3.8 s v 25.3 +/- 12.1 s), as well as in those with edema,
      pigmentation, and ulceration. It appears that most of the sequelae of the
      postthrombotic syndrome can be attributed to the loss of valvular function.

PMID- 3885909
TI  - Neutrophil delivery to wounds of the upper and lower extremities.
AB  - Clinical observations and experimental evidence indicate that wounds of the lower
      extremity are more susceptible to infection than are wounds located elsewhere on
      the body. The details of this regional relative immunoincompetence are not
      described. In this initial study of regional inflammatory response, neutrophil
      delivery to standard wounds of the upper and lower extremities was measured in 15
      human volunteer subjects using a quantitative skin-window technique. Neutrophil
      delivery proved to be relatively deficient in the lower extremity. Neutrophil
      delivery (mean +/- SEM) was significantly lower to the lower-extremity wounds
      (5,890 +/- 590 cells per cubic millimeter) than to the upper-extremity wounds
      (16,600 +/- 1,680 cells per cubic millimeter). This lower neutrophil response may
      be a part of the lower extremity's increased susceptibility to infection. Further
      functional study of regionally collected neutrophils may provide more details of
      differences in regional inflammatory response. The mechanisms underlying these
      differences remain undescribed.

PMID- 3885910
TI  - Correlation of B-mode ultrasound imaging and arteriography with pathologic
      findings at carotid endarterectomy.
AB  - Presently most noninvasive methods for assessing extracranial carotid disease
      have relied on hemodynamic change associated with significant stenosis. Recent
      evidence has suggested that both ulceration and/or plaque hemorrhage may
      frequently play an important role in the pathophysiology of carotid disease. To
      assess the ability of B-mode ultrasound to provide this anatomic information, in
      a prospective blinded manner we compared B-mode ultrasound and selective four
      vessel arteriography to pathologic specimens obtained at the time of 89 carotid
      endarterectomies. The presence of ulceration, plaque characteristics
      (particularly hemorrhage), and luminal diameter were described for each modality.
      While arteriography detected only 16 of 27 ulcerations (sensitivity, 59%), B-mode
      ultrasound had a greater sensitivity (24/27, 89%). Both modalities had comparable
      specificities (arteriography, 73%; B-mode ultrasound, 87%). Moreover, B-mode
      ultrasound was highly sensitive for demonstrating plaque hemorrhage (27/29, 93%),
      as well as being quite specific (84%). Assessment of luminal reduction by B-mode
      ultrasound improved with technologist/interpreter experience and was
      significantly improved by adding real-time spectral analysis. Because of B-mode
      ultrasound's sensitivity for imaging ulceration and plaque hemorrhage, it offers
      significant advantages for the noninvasive detection of extracranial carotid
      disease.

PMID- 3885911
TI  - Experimental posttraumatic pulmonary microembolism. Effects of methylprednisolone
      on its development.
AB  - The effects of methylprednisolone sodium succinate on the course of posttraumatic
      pulmonary microembolism were studied in pigs submitted to a reproducible high
      energy trauma of the limb and then observed under long-term anesthesia.
      Methylprednisolone sodium succinate (30 mg/kg of body weight) was given one hour
      after trauma and thereafter every eighth hour during a 72-hour observation
      period. Intrapulmonary microembolism was quantitatively measured by repeated
      external detection of chromium 51-labeled platelets and iodine 125-labeled
      fibrinogen, sequential chest roentgenograms, and morphologic examination of the
      lungs post mortem. Methylprednisolone delayed the onset of pulmonary
      roentgenogram changes and modulated Pao2 and platelet count reductions, but, at
      the end of the observation period, the signs of microembolism changes were as
      pronounced as in the nontreated traumatized pigs. Methylprednisolone thus did not
      prevent posttraumatic pulmonary microembolism in this experimental situation.

PMID- 3885912
TI  - Complications after use of the Angelchik antireflux prosthesis.
AB  - We report two cases of severe complications after insertion of an Angelchik
      antireflux prosthesis. In one case, the prosthesis migrated into the pelvis. In
      the other, severe dysphagia resulted from its insertion. In both instances,
      surgical removal was required. The high incidence of complications following the
      use of this prosthesis would suggest that other safer antireflux operations
      should be the preferred form of therapy.

PMID- 3885913
TI  - Treatment of lymphocele in renal allograft recipients.
AB  - Retroperitoneal lymphoceles developed in 12 renal allograft recipients during the
      last nine years. The interval between transplantation and the development of
      symptoms averaged seven months. The specific syndrome suggesting the presence of
      a lymphocele included lower abdominal swelling, weight gain, and, occasionally,
      fever without an obvious source of infection. Although these symptoms mimicked
      allograft rejection, diagnosis was easily made by ultrasound and intravenous
      pyelogram. Surgical marsupialization of the lymphocele with drainage into the
      peritoneal cavity proved to be an effective treatment.

PMID- 3885914
TI  - Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in adult respiratory distress syndrome. Diagnosis
      and treatment.
AB  - Ten consecutive patients who presented initially with adult respiratory distress
      syndrome, and who did not respond to conventional treatment, underwent open lung
      biopsy early in the course of their illness. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was
      diagnosed and aggressive treatment with methylprednisolone sodium succinate and
      nutritional support was initiated. Eight patients survived and have not required
      long-term corticosteroid therapy. Previous reports have documented a mortality of
      greater than 85% with this particular syndrome of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
      in adult respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 3885915
TI  - Early steroid therapy for respiratory failure.
AB  - We performed a randomized double-blind trial to determine the usefulness of early
      methylprednisolone therapy for patients with pulmonary failure. We selected 81
      acutely ill, mechanically ventilated patients at high risk for adult respiratory
      distress syndrome (ARDS). Thirty-nine patients received methylprednisolone, 30
      mg/kg, every six hours for 48 hours; 42 patients received mannitol placebo. All
      patients were given a positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cm H2O, monitored
      with pulmonary artery catheters, and treated for their primary disease processes.
      Twenty-five steroid-treated patients (64%) and 14 placebo-treated patients (33%)
      developed ARDS. Early infectious complications occurred in 30 steroid-treated
      patients (77%) and 18 placebo-treated patients (43%). There were no significant
      differences in factors predisposing to ARDS, ventilatory requirements, or days of
      intensive care. These results do not support the use of methylprednisolone for
      ARDS. Steroids failed to improve pulmonary function and were associated with an
      increased infection rate. Intensive pulmonary and general supportive care remain
      the preferred therapy for ARDS.

PMID- 3885916
TI  - Ruptured amebic liver abscess.
AB  - Fifteen cases of extrahepatic rupture of amebic liver abscess have been reviewed.
      Five patients had thoracic rupture and ten had intra-abdominal rupture.
      Celiotomies were performed in five patients, with a preoperative diagnosis of
      acute appendicitis with perforation in four patients and generalized peritonitis
      of unknown origin in one patient. All 15 patients were treated with amebicides,
      including three patients with documented free intraperitoneal perforation who
      were not treated surgically. Twelve patients recovered uneventfully. Two patients
      with thoracic rupture developed secondary bacterial complications and in one case
      of free intraperitoneal rupture, a mistaken diagnosis of ruptured pyogenic
      abscess was made. Amebicidal therapy was delayed for four days. The patient died
      of multisystem organ failure. Amebicidal therapy is effective in the treatment of
      both unruptured and extrahepatic rupture of amebic liver abscess. Surgery should
      be required only for secondary bacterial complications.

PMID- 3885917
TI  - Management of hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism after renal transplantation.
AB  - To determine the optimal management of posttransplant hypercalcemia, a chart
      analysis of 100 stable renal allograft recipients (longer than one year) was
      accomplished. The incidence of hypercalcemia ranged from 12% to 20% up to 30
      months after transplantation. The mean serum alkaline phosphatase level,
      phosphate level, and duration of dialysis in hypercalcemic patients did not
      differ significantly from normocalcemic patients; however, serum creatinine
      levels were significantly lower at 12 and 24 months in patients with
      hypercalcemia. In patients with hypercalcemia at three and six months, greater
      than 50% underwent spontaneous resolution, whereas this occurred in 25% of the
      patients with hypercalcemia at 12 months. Seven patients underwent
      parathyroidectomy with prompt resolution of their hypercalcemia and ten patients
      with persistent hypercalcemia have been followed up from 14 to 66 months without
      sequelae of hyperparathyroidism. In conclusion, hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism
      is a frequent occurrence after renal transplantation. Sequelae of this condition
      are rare, however, and parathyroidectomy should be reserved for progressive
      clinical and/or roentgenographic findings.

PMID- 3885918
TI  - Topical prostaglandin E2 in the treatment of acute upper gastrointestinal tract
      hemorrhage. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study.
AB  - We performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind study to assess the efficacy
      of topical prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in altering the course of patients with severe
      upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. Forty-four patients with life
      threatening, endoscopically proven hemorrhage were randomly allocated to receive
      either PGE2 or placebo for seven days. Severity of mucosal injury, determined by
      endoscopy, was scored both before and after completion of treatment. There were
      no significant differences between groups in either transfusion requirements or
      successful outcomes. However, the PGE2 group had significantly improved
      endoscopic injury scores while the placebo group did not. Therefore, topical PGE2
      does not control acute hemorrhage from established upper gastrointestinal tract
      lesions, but it does result in an accelerated healing of established lesions.

PMID- 3885920
TI  - Stroke. The use and overuse of heparin in therapeutic trials.

PMID- 3885921
TI  - Treatment of cluster headache. A double-blind comparison of oxygen v air
      inhalation.
AB  - Nineteen men, aged 20 to 50 years, were treated in a double-blind crossover study
      comparing oxygen v air inhalation at 6 L/min via nonrebreathing face masks for 15
      minutes or less, for up to six headaches. Patients scored their own degree of
      relief for each treatment as none, slight, substantial, or complete relief. The
      average (+/- SE) relief score for all oxygen-treated patients was 1.93 +/- 0.22
      out of a possible total score of 3.0, and for air the treatment relief score was
      0.77 +/- 0.23. This difference is highly statistically significant by an analysis
      of-variance F test; it documents that patients with cluster headache can benefit
      from oxygen inhalation during acute attacks.

PMID- 3885922
TI  - Asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Rationale for management.

PMID- 3885923
TI  - History of the Boston Society of Psychiatry and Neurology.
AB  - A summary of historical events from 1880 to 1980, in the Boston Society of
      Psychiatry and Neurology, one of the oldest medical societies in America is
      presented.

PMID- 3885924
TI  - Deja vu.

PMID- 3885925
TI  - Olfactory marker protein in the human olfactory pathway.
AB  - The presence of olfactory marker protein (OMP) in the olfactory tissue of rats,
      gerbils, and humans was demonstrated with goat antiserum to rat OMP. In control
      studies on rat neural tissue, OMP was found to be located in the olfactory
      receptor cells, nerves, and bulbs. Likewise, staining of OMP was found in the
      olfactory tissues of gerbils. Olfactory marker protein reactivity was also
      demonstrated in human olfactory receptor cells, nerves, and bulbs. The reactivity
      of OMP in human olfactory neurons to goat antiserum has allowed determination of
      the exact junction of olfactory and respiratory epithelia immunohistochemically.

PMID- 3885926
TI  - Auditory evoked potential alterations induced by pulsed ultrasound.
AB  - Diagnostic levels of pulsed ultrasound were applied abdominally over the uteri of
      pregnant rats for five minutes daily during the first 20 days of gestation. The
      average energy output of the ultrasound machine at the optimum focal length of
      the transducer (5.4 cm) was 7.2 mW/sq cm. Postnatal auditory evoked potentials
      demonstrated a significant alteration in the offspring of the treated animals
      when compared with similarly treated, but nonexposed controls. This alteration
      only occurred in the high frequency range. Neither light nor electron microscopy
      revealed significant morphologic alterations in the cochlear elements of the
      exposed offspring. Although a cochlear deficit occurred in a range known to be
      important to the rat's hearing, several issues make this data reassuring to
      clinicians using diagnostic levels of pulsed ultrasound: the total amount of
      ultrasound exposure was higher than would be expected with human use, the defect
      was mild, and the absence of clear-cut morphologic abnormalities may indicate the
      presence of a minimal, or even reversible, defect.

PMID- 3885927
TI  - Tracheal carcinoma presenting as a thyroid cyst.
AB  - A patient was seen with a thyroid cyst. Fine- and core-needle biopsies revealed
      no evidence of tumor. A thyroid cyst lined by malignant squamous cells was found
      at surgery. Invasive squamous carcinoma was found to arise in adjacent trachea.
      The thyroid gland was normal except for inflammatory changes. Aspiration biopsies
      of thyroid cysts may be misleading, especially when hemorrhagic; sclerosis should
      be performed with caution.

PMID- 3885928
TI  - Prevention and treatment of malaria.

PMID- 3885919
TI  - Respiratory syncytial virus. Brief review.

PMID- 3885929
TI  - The effects of treatments of cecal contents on their protective properties
      against Salmonella in poults.
AB  - The effect of manipulating adult turkey cecal contents was assessed. Treatment of
      day-old poults with cecal contents diluted up to 1/3000 protected 90% of the
      birds against subsequent challenge with 10(3) colony-forming units of Salmonella
      typhimurium. The addition of penicillin G and streptomycin to adult cecal
      contents reduced their protective effects by 20% and 50%, respectively. When
      cecal contents were heat-treated at 65 C for 15 minutes or filter-sterilized, the
      protective properties were lost. Anaerobic cultures of cecal contents in
      reinforced clostridial medium afforded protection against challenge, but
      protection was lost on subsequent subcultures. Thioglycollate broth culture of
      cecal contents did not protect.

PMID- 3885930
TI  - Laboratory and field trials with formalin-inactivated Escherichia coli (O78)
      Pasteurella anatipestifer bacterin in white pekin ducks.
AB  - A combination Escherichia coli serotype O78 and Pasteurella anatipestifer
      bacterin was developed and tested in white pekin ducks in laboratory and field
      trials. Inoculations with bacterin at 2 and 3 weeks of age provided significant
      protection against challenge with virulent E. coli O78 and Pasteurella
      anatipestifer serotypes 1, 2, and 5. No significant cross-protection was observed
      against heterologous E. coli serotypes, although there was a slight reduction in
      mortality in ducklings challenged with E. coli serotypes O2a and O119. In field
      trials, the E. coli-P. anatipestifer bacterin produced significant reduction of
      mortality in commercial white pekin ducks compared with P. anatipestifer
      bacterin.

PMID- 3885931
TI  - Surface and cloacal temperatures in chicks of different genetic stocks given an
      Escherichia coli inoculation.
AB  - The effect of Escherichia coli on surface and cloacal temperatures was assessed
      in pure line and hybrid chicks from both white rock and leghorn stocks. Body
      weights, surface temperatures, and cloacal temperatures were obtained from 2 to
      30 days of age. Two groups of chicks, one 8 days and the other 30 days of age,
      were inoculated via the caudal thoracic air sac with E. coli, and effects were
      quantified as changes in body weight, surface and cloacal temperatures, lesions
      on heart and air sacs, and mortality. Pure line white rock chicks had the highest
      mortality from the E. coli inoculation and proportionally lost the most weight
      over the 48-hr period immediately following inoculation. Chicks inoculated at 30
      days of age were affected more severely than those inoculated at 8 days. Surface
      and cloacal temperatures were not reliable predictors of resistance to an E. coli
      inoculation.

PMID- 3885933
TI  - Carbohydrate metabolism in U.S. Navy submarine personnel.
AB  - One- and two-hour postprandial glucose and insulin values were measured in 58
      submariners with 5 or more FBM patrols and in 58 non-submariners. An
      interrelationship between serum glucose and insulin for classifying defects in
      carbohydrate metabolism indicated that 55% of the submariners and 45% of the non
      submariners exhibited some type of defect. Exercise appears to play an important
      role in the maintenance of normal carbohydrate metabolism in these subjects. Non
      submariners reported engaging in significantly more exercise than did
      submariners. Negative correlation between exercise vs. 1 and 2-h glucose and 2-h
      insulin was significant for all subjects. An inverse relationship was observed
      between amount of exercise and the severity of carbohydrate metabolic defects in
      submariners and non-submariners as well as in normal weight and obese
      individuals. No statistical differences were found between the submariner and non
      submariner groups with respect to age, % body fat, fatness (normal or obese),
      glycosylated hemoglobin, or family history of diabetes.

PMID- 3885932
TI  - Cyclocoelum mutabile infection and aortic rupture in an American coot (Fulica
      americana).
AB  - An American coot (Fulica americana) was found dead within the enclosed research
      compound of the South Central Poultry Research Laboratory at Mississippi State,
      Mississippi. Gross and microscopic examinations revealed the bird to be in good
      body condition; however, blood from the beak cavity and external nares was
      present. Biliary congestion, hemopericardium, blood-filled air sacs, and a
      ruptured, ascending aorta were also noted. Nineteen trematodes (Cyclocoelum
      mutabile) were found within the body cavity at necropsy. Bacteriological
      examination revealed the presence of Escherichia coli in both the heart and liver
      and Pseudomonas putida in the liver only. No virus was isolated.

PMID- 3885934
TI  - Flight nurse firsts: the first use of the Flight Nurses Creed.
AB  - The Flight Nurses Creed first appeared in a speech given by Major General David
      N. W. Grant, the Air Surgeon of the Army Air Forces, on November 26, 1943, to the
      seventh graduating class of flight nurses of the Army Air Forces School of Air
      Evacuation at Bowman Field, KY. These words, which were suggested by Major
      General Grant as a resolve for the graduating flight nurses, have served to
      remind flight nurses to this day of their calling.

PMID- 3885935
TI  - The history of the Society of U.S. Naval Flight Surgeons.

PMID- 3885936
TI  - Introduction to the second aerial voyage of Dr. Jeffries and Mons. Blanchard.

PMID- 3885937
TI  - Flight nurse firsts: the first formal flight nurse graduation.
AB  - On February 18, 1943, the first class of nurses graduated from the first
      organized course for flight nurses of the 349th Air Evacuation Group, Bowman
      Field, KY. The impressive ceremonies were highlighted by the graduation address
      delivered by Brigadier General David N. W. Grant, the Air Surgeon, Army Air
      Forces. The graduation ceremonies marked the beginning of a new era in the
      history of nursing and are among the notable flight nurse firsts.

PMID- 3885938
TI  - [Theodor Kolliker--the "old master" of German orthopedics].

PMID- 3885939
TI  - [Cryptococcosis in a red fox (Vulpes vulpes)].

PMID- 3885940
TI  - [Induction and modulation of humoral immunity in mice by local nasal
      administration of botulinum toxoid type B].

PMID- 3885941
TI  - Identification of functional insulin receptors on membranes from an insulin
      producing cell line (RINm5F).
AB  - Insulin receptors on RINm5F cell membranes (an insulin-producing rat pancreatic
      cell line) were studied. To study the insulin receptor alpha-subunit, 125I
      labelled photoreactive insulin was covalently bound to the membranes in the
      absence or presence of unlabelled insulin. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions showed specific labelling of an Mr
      130 000 protein. The receptor beta-subunit was studied by using a cell-free
      phosphorylation assay. Analysis under reducing conditions showed a phosphoprotein
      of Mr 95 000 whose level of phosphorylation was selectively increased by insulin,
      and which was specifically immunoprecipitated by antibodies to the insulin
      receptor. Further, covalent hormone-receptor complexes purified with anti-insulin
      antibodies were able to undergo autophosphorylation, indicating the existence of
      operational receptor subunit arrangements. RINm5F cell insulin receptors (and, by
      analogy, possibly those of native B-cells) thus display structural and functional
      integrity comparable with those of conventional insulin target cells.

PMID- 3885942
TI  - Expression of the cloned subunits of bacterial luciferase from separate
      replicons.
AB  - The lux A and lux B genes of Vibrio harveyi, encoding the alpha and beta subunits
      of bacterial luciferase, were cloned individually into Escherichia coli in two
      different compatible plasmids. Active luciferase was formed in an amount equal to
      that produced in cells carrying a plasmid with the cloned genes on a single
      fragment.

PMID- 3885943
TI  - Regulation of proteolytic enzyme activities and mRNA concentrations in rat
      pancreas by food content.
AB  - Regulation by food content of the expression of genes encoding pancreatic
      proteases was studied in rats fed diets containing 15%, 25% or 70% protein (w/w)
      (diet I, II and III). Trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase activities in pancreas
      were 1.4, 2.8 and 2 times higher in diet III than in diet I whereas
      carboxypeptidase A level was unchanged. As compared to diet I, the pancreatic
      concentration of mRNAs encoding trypsinogen I and chymotrypsinogen B, measured by
      filter hybridization to specific cDNA probes, were found respectively 3.6 and 3.9
      times higher in diet III, and 1.9 and 2.6 times higher in diet II. Elastase I
      mRNA concentration was 1.8 times higher in diet III, but unchanged in diet II.
      Procarboxypeptidase A mRNA concentration was not affected. It is concluded to a
      coordinate pre-translational regulation of serine protease genes expression by
      the protein content of diet, differing however in amplitude and sensitivity among
      the three species of enzymes studied.

PMID- 3885944
TI  - Dipeptidyl-aminopeptidases and aminopeptidases in Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - Extracts prepared from culminating cells of Dictyostelium discoideum have been
      found to contain dipeptidyl-aminopeptidases I (EC 3.4.14.1), II (EC 3.4.14.2),
      III (EC 3.4.14.4), arginine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.6) and valine
      aminopeptidase. Dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase III was the most active of the
      dipeptidyl-aminopeptidases; its molecular weight was 158,000, with a pH optimum
      of 10.2 and gave a single peak of activity on gel-filtration or when fractionated
      by chromatofocusing. The specific activities of dipeptidyl-aminopeptidases I and
      III increased during development being highest during the culmination stage
      before decreasing during sorocarp formation; dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase II and
      arginine aminopeptidase decreased progressively throughout development. The
      presence of these dipeptidyl-aminopeptidases suggests the possibility that
      processing of peptides may be necessary during the development of Dictyostelium.

PMID- 3885945
TI  - The effect of inhibitors of insulin processing on generation of insulin
      intermediate products from human fibroblast as detected by high performance
      liquid chromatography (HPLC).
AB  - To assess the role of various modulators of insulin processing on cell-associated
      A14-125I-insulin intermediates in human fibroblasts, we have studied the effect
      of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), chloroquine, bacitracin, dansylcadavarine, and
      phenylarsine oxide on generation of these intermediate products with the use of
      HPLC. NEM completely inhibited generation of intermediate peaks or iodotyrosine.
      Chloroquine inhibited conversion of A14-125I-insulin to iodotyrosine by about 75
      percent and the remaining A14-125I-insulin was not susceptible to acid wash.
      Bacitracin, dansylcadavarine, and phenylarsine oxide, on the other hand,
      stimulated formation of intermediate products with concomitant inhibition of
      iodotyrosine formation. We conclude that there are at least three components of
      insulin degradation in human fibroblasts. These include the sulfhydryl group
      inhibitor-sensitive, the intracellular chloroquine-sensitive, and membrane site
      inhibitor-sensitive components.

PMID- 3885946
TI  - The association of human c-Ha-ras sequences with chromatin and nuclear proteins.
AB  - As a step towards the understanding of possible relationship between chromatin
      organization and regulation of the oncogene expression, we have investigated the
      chromatin structure of one of the more frequently activated oncogenes, c-Ha-ras,
      in HeLa-S3 cells. This was accomplished by isolation of the chromatin fractions
      (soluble and insoluble) after micrococcal nuclease digestion of purified nuclei
      and probing for the distribution of ras sequences. The polynucleosomal fraction
      was further resolved by sucrose gradient sedimentation. Southern-blot
      hybridization of the DNA isolated from various fractions yielded following
      results: (1) c-Ha-ras sequences segregated predominantly in the lysate fraction.
      (2) Unlike the B-globin (transcriptionally inactive) sequences, ras-H associated
      chromatin lacked typical nucleosomal packaging. Furthermore, since post
      translational modifications of nuclear proteins have been suggested to modulate
      the nucleosome structure during DNA transcription and replication, ras sequences,
      in polynucleosomes immunofractionated on anti-poly (ADP-Ribose) Sepharose were
      also examined. The data suggested that the major class of this oncogene sequence
      exists in chromatin more distal to the sites of this particular chromatin
      modification.

PMID- 3885947
TI  - Insulin secretion from isolated pure beta cells.
AB  - Isolation of pure beta cells of the rat pancreas was achieved employing
      counterflow sedimentation technique (CST) followed by density gradient
      centrifugation technique (DGCT). The proportion of non-endocrine cells to beta
      cells was minimal (1 acinar cell in 296 beta cells, and 1 duct cell in 300 beta
      cells) with total absence of alpha and delta cells. Oxidation of D-(U-14C)
      glucose to 14CO2 by the isolated beta cells was linear to time. Glucagon (1, 5,
      or 10 nM) or arginine (1, 5 or 10 mM) produced concentration dependent insulin
      secretion. Thus, a highly purified preparation of isolated beta cells of rat
      pancreas could be obtained with excellent morphologic, metabolic and functional
      integrity.

PMID- 3885948
TI  - The high affinity binding site for calcium on the oxidizing side of photosystem
      II.
AB  - Preparations of photosystem II complex from spinach chloroplasts with Triton X
      100 were treated with 1 M KCl to release 17 KDa and 23 KDa polypeptides. The
      inhibited oxygen evolution activity could be reactivated by adding high
      concentration (mM) of Ca++ or by reconstituting 17 KDa and 23 KDa polypeptides
      which were found to promote high affinity binding of Ca++ to the reconstituted
      membranes (Ghanotakis et al. FEBS (1984) 170, 169-173). Inclusion of 50 mM Ca++
      during KCl treatment did not prevent the release of 17 KDa and 23 KDa
      polypeptides but protected oxygen evolution from being inactivated. It is
      explained by preservation of the high affinity binding site for Ca++ if, Ca++ is
      present during the salt treatment even though depletion of 17 KDa and 23 KDa
      polypeptides usually results in replacement by a low affinity (mM) binding site
      for Ca++. It also implies that the high affinity binding site is not located on
      17 KDa and 23 KDa polypeptides.

PMID- 3885949
TI  - Insulin-mediated fusion of negatively charged phospholipid vesicles at low pH.
AB  - Fusion of negatively charged phospholipid vesicles by bovine insulin was studied.
      The fusion induced by the hormone was demonstrated by resonance energy transfer,
      sepharose chromatography, light scattering and electron microscopy. The insulin
      effect was more effective when the pH was in the range of 3.6 - 3.9. The action
      of insulin also depends on the phosphatidylcholine: phosphatidic acid molar
      ratio, and buffer and vesicles concentration. At optimal conditions, half-maximal
      effect was obtained at 2 X 10(-8)M. The insulin-mediated fusion is non specific.
      The potential importance of these studies is discussed.

PMID- 3885950
TI  - Sulfonate salts of amino acids: novel inhibitors of the serine proteinases.
AB  - A series of amino acid-derived sulfonate salts have been synthesized. They were
      found to inactivate efficiently and selectively human leukocyte elastase. The
      sulfonate salts of the methyl esters of L-norleucine, L-norvaline and L-valine
      were the most potent. The enzyme is inactivated irreversibly with concomitant
      release of bisulfite ion. The results demonstrate for the first time that ionic
      compounds can indeed function as novel inhibitors for the serine proteinases.

PMID- 3885951
TI  - Systemic changes in hydrolytic enzyme activities in mice affected with murine
      leprosy.
AB  - In order to investigate the behavior of hydrolytic enzymes in chronic infections,
      the activities of 17 hydrolytic enzymes were tested in limb muscles, heart
      muscle, spleen, liver, and kidney of lepromatous mice infected with Mycobacterium
      lepraemurium (M. lepraemurium) and their controls. Typical increases in those
      enzymatic activities were seen in spleen and liver, where pathological changes
      were the most pronounced, especially at the 11th week after the inoculation of
      the bacilli. At the 16th week, the enzymatic changes became less remarkable
      probably because of the decreased viability of tissues in these organs. The
      enzymatic changes observed could not be explained as due to bacterial enzymes.
      These findings are compatible with the notion that the increases in hydrolytic
      enzyme activities are related to tissue damage caused by murine leprosy.

PMID- 3885952
TI  - In vivo incorporation of palmitic acid and galactose in glycolipids of
      Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes.
AB  - Incubation of epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi with (3H)-palmitic acid and
      (3H)-galactose, respectively, results in the incorporation of both precursors
      into the lipopeptidophosphoglycan (LPPG) and in at least two glycosphingolipids.
      Palmitic acid was incorporated into sphinganine and sphingenine, identified after
      hydrolysis, respectively, of the major and the minor glycosphingolipid. The
      purified glycosphingolipids labeled with either precursor migrated with a Rf
      similar to that of a sample labeled by periodate oxidation and borotritide
      reduction in which sialic acids have been previously characterized. This,
      together with the fact that the palmitic acid labeled glycosphingolipids were
      partially hydrolysed with neuraminidase favors a ganglioside-like structure for
      these compounds.

PMID- 3885953
TI  - Trypanosoma cruzi: aminoacid and phosphorus linkages in the
      lipopeptidophosphoglycan.
AB  - The lipopeptidophosphoglycan (LPPG) of Trypanosoma cruzi was examined by 31P NMR
      spectroscopy. The main signal occurred at +0.67 ppm and corresponds to
      phosphodiester bonds. The presence of a signal at -25.06 indicates the existence
      of P-C linkages. At pH 10.5 signals which correspond to phosphate monoesters have
      been also obtained. Experiments on the stability of the phosphate bonds indicate
      that most of the monoester phosphates in LPPG are generated by alkaline
      hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds. Aminoacid analysis of a LPPG hydrolysate
      revealed two pre-aspartic acid peaks with elution times coincident with those for
      authentic samples of 2-amino-3-phosphono-propionic acid and 2-aminoethyl
      phosphonic acid in a 2.5:1 ratio. The main aminoacids in LPPG are Gly, Ser, Glu,
      Ala, Asp and Thr. Approximately half of the total aminoacids are released under
      saponification conditions indicating that part of the aminoacids in LPPG are
      bound via ester bonds.

PMID- 3885954
TI  - Glucose increases cytosolic Ca2+ activity in pancreatic islet cells.
AB  - Isolated cells prepared from rat pancreatic islets were labelled with the
      tetraacetoxymethyl ester of the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator quin-2. An increase in
      the extracellular concentration of glucose provoked a rapid and sustained
      increase in the fluorescence of the labelled cells. This indicates that glucose
      increases cytosolic Ca2+ activity in pancreatic islet cells.

PMID- 3885955
TI  - Photoaffinity labeling of the tetracycline binding site of the Escherichia coli
      ribosome. The uses of a high intensity light source and of radioactive sancycline
      derivatives.
AB  - [3H]Tetracycline (TC) has been shown to photoincorporate into the Escherichia
      coli ribosome. However, the utility of this process for characterizing the TC
      binding site on the ribosome is diminished by competing side reactions which also
      lead to incorporation of radioactivity. In this work we first conducted a
      detailed study of the labeling processes occurring when ribosomes are irradiated
      in the presence of [3H]TC with a common, rather low intensity, lamp. On the basis
      of the results of this study we next explored the usefulness for photoaffinity
      labeling of the TC site of both irradiation with a high-intensity laser and
      radioactive, functional TC derivatives having different photochemical properties
      than TC itself. Labeling patterns determined by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoretic analysis of ribosomal proteins extracted from photoaffinity
      labeled 30S subunits provided strong evidence that these two approaches offer
      distinct advantages for characterizing the TC binding site.

PMID- 3885956
TI  - Sensitivity of adipocyte basal and insulin-stimulated hexose transport to the
      membrane lipid structure.
AB  - A series of anesthetic alcohols inhibited basal and insulin-stimulated 2-deoxy-D
      [1-14C]glucose transport in adipocytes over total alcohol concentration ranges
      that cause local anesthesia of rat sciatic nerve. The relative potencies of the
      inhibition caused by the alcohols increased in the following order: methanol less
      than ethanol less than propanol less than butanol less than benzyl alcohol less
      than hexanol less than octanol. The inhibition was reversible and correlated well
      with the known partitioning of the alcohols into lipids of biological membranes.
      Adipocyte membranes were labeled with the 5-nitroxide stearate spin probe to
      investigate the effects of the alcohols on the dynamic structure of membrane
      lipids of the adipocyte. The alcohols increased the membrane "fluidity", and the
      relative concentration dependence of the effects closely paralleled that noted
      from methanol to octanol in transport studies. Alcohols from methanol to hexanol
      caused inhibition of hexose transport at molar potencies comparable to that
      observed for membrane disordering. This suggests that hydrophobic regions of the
      transporter and its lipid environment are perturbed by a comparable mechanism for
      each alcohol. The cholesterol-complexing polyene antibiotic filipin inhibited
      hexose transport and influenced the mobility of lipid domains sampled with the
      nitroxide cholestane, cholesterol-like spin probe. The data are consistent with
      the concept that the membrane structural/functional effects are mediated by
      formation of 1:1 cholesterol:filipin complexes. Alcohols and filipin inhibited
      inherent transporter activity and perturbed the membrane lipid structure without
      dramatically diminishing transport stimulation by insulin above basal. The
      specific organization of membrane lipids (particularly cholesterol) may provide
      an essential environment for optimal transport system activity.

PMID- 3885957
TI  - Effect of epinephrine and norepinephrine on immuno-reactive insulin secretion
      from isolated islets of Langerhans.
AB  - Earlier studies have demonstrated the inhibitory nature of epinephrine and
      norepinephrine on pancreatic insulin release. The present study reports their
      effect on beta-cell IRI release in an isolated islet system. Results show that
      epinephrine and norepinephrine inhibit islet-IRI release at the 100-10 microM
      level. The alpha adrenergic blocker phentolamine (100 microM) but not the beta
      adrenergic blocker propranolol (100 microM) can reverse this catecholamine
      induced inhibition of islet-IRI release. This clearly suggests that epinephrine
      and norepinephrine inhibit insulin release via alpha-adrenergic pathway.

PMID- 3885958
TI  - Evaluation of D-penicillamine in juvenile chronic arthritis. A double-blind,
      multicenter study.
AB  - Seventy-four children with juvenile chronic arthritis were entered into a 6
      month, multicenter, comparative double-blind study of the efficacy of D
      penicillamine versus placebo. The results were evaluated in 70 patients, 55 of
      whom completed 6 months of the study. Improvement was observed in the total
      number of stiff joints, total number of painful joints, and total severity index
      measuring joint pain. There was also a significant reduction in the concurrent
      use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. D-penicillamine was well-tolerated
      in all but 2 patients. Some children in the placebo group exhibited definite
      improvement; however, relapses that were observed were mainly in that group.
      These results confirm the efficacy of D-penicillamine for the treatment of joint
      involvement in juvenile chronic arthritis.

PMID- 3885959
TI  - Atrophic gastritis in Sjogren's syndrome. Morphologic, biochemical, and
      immunologic findings.
AB  - Gastric studies were carried out in 16 patients with well-documented Sjogren's
      syndrome (SS), 43 matched rheumatic disease patients without SS, and 7 patients
      with chronic atrophic gastritis not associated with SS. Chronic atrophic
      gastritis was a much more common finding in the SS patients than in the rheumatic
      disease control patients. Significant hypopepsinogenemia was present in 11 of 16
      SS patients. In 6 patients this was combined with hypergastrinemia, a combination
      highly specific for chronic atrophic gastritis. The lowest pepsinogen levels were
      seen in patients with primary SS associated with high levels of SS-B antibody. On
      a histologic and biochemical basis, it was not possible to distinguish the
      gastric findings in primary SS from those in secondary SS, nor to distinguish
      chronic atrophic gastritis associated with SS from that not associated with SS.
      We conclude that chronic atrophic gastritis is a prominent feature in SS and that
      the severity of the gastritis appears to correlate with some serologic parameters
      of SS.

PMID- 3885960
TI  - A longitudinal study of high and low avidity antibodies to double-stranded DNA in
      systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - The role of avidity in the pathogenicity of double-stranded DNA/anti-double
      stranded DNA immune complexes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been
      controversial. We used polyethylene glycol to identify low avidity antibodies and
      the standard Farr assay to detect high avidity antibodies against double-stranded
      DNA in a longitudinal study of sera from 19 patients with SLE. We found that high
      and low avidity antibodies to double-stranded DNA did not move independently, but
      instead, rose and fell in a parallel and relatively fixed manner in these
      patients. The mechanisms responsible for the changes in titer of anti-double
      stranded DNA antibody appeared nondiscriminatory in regard to avidity. In
      addition, the humoral immune response in SLE depicted by these antibody
      measurements appeared atypical, lacking maturational features.

PMID- 3885961
TI  - Intraarticular volume and clearance in human synovial effusions.
AB  - Intraarticular volumes were measured by radiolabeled albumin (RISA) distribution
      in chronic knee effusions from 11 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 9
      osteoarthritis patients. Volumes of synovial fluid obtained at joint aspiration
      were substantially less than those found by RISA dilution. Up to 24 hours was
      needed for full distribution of RISA throughout the intraarticular compartment.
      Measured 123I and RISA radioactivity over the knee described monoexponential rate
      constants, lambda (minute-1). The clearance of 123I and RISA from synovial
      effusions was derived by the formulation volume (ml) X lambda (minute-1) =
      clearance (ml/minute). RISA clearance in rheumatoid effusions was significantly
      greater than that found in osteoarthritis effusions. Intraarticular volume and
      isotope clearance were easily quantified and provide measures for further
      evaluating the microvascular physiology of synovial effusions.

PMID- 3885962
TI  - The action of flupirtine on prostaglandin formation and platelet aggregation in
      vitro.
AB  - The action of ethyl-N-(2-amino-6-(4-fluorophenylmethylamino) pyridin - 3 - yl)
      carbamate (flupirtine, D 9998), a recently synthesized analgesic, on
      prostaglandin formation and platelet aggregation was studied in vitro. Flupirtine
      was found to significantly inhibit the basal prostaglandin I2 formation in
      preparations of the rat aorta as well as the arachidonic acid-stimulated
      prostaglandin release form the Langendorff-perfused guinea pig heart. The IC50
      amounted to 5-50 mumol/l in these systems and was more than one order of
      magnitude higher than indometacin (0.5-1 mumol/l). Flupirtine was found to
      inhibit dose-dependently the collagen - but not the primary adenosine diphosphate
      induced aggregation of human platelets, being again 1 order of magnitude less
      potent than indometacin (IC50: 4.0 vs. 0.6 mumol/l). Interestingly there was no
      inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced thromboxane formation of human platelets
      by flupirtine in concentrations up to 23 mumol/l. These data suggest a weak
      inhibition of prostaglandin formation by flupirtine. There may also exist a weak
      local anaesthetic activity of the agent, demonstrated here on the rabbit cornea,
      that aids the observed decrease in sensitivity of smooth muscle preparations and
      might help to explain the inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation in
      absence of diminished thromboxane formation. It is concluded that these
      modifications of prostaglandin formation by flupirtine are probably of minor
      importance for an analgesic action of the compound in vivo.

PMID- 3885963
TI  - [Flupirtine in patients with cancer pain].
AB  - In a double-blind clinical trial the analgesic efficacy and safety of ethyl-N-(2
      amino-6-[4-fluorophenyl-methylamino] pyridin-3-yl)carbamate (flupirtine,
      designated trademark: Katadolon) as 100-mg capsules were compared to pentazocine
      capsules 50 mg in 52 patients with severe to very severe cancer pain. The
      duration of treatment was up to one week, the daily dose up to 6 capsules. The
      analgesic effect was assessed by a 4-point verbal rating scale. In both drug
      groups was no difference between the baseline pain intensity. Moreover, also the
      dosage (number of capsules/day) was similar in both groups. Final evaluation
      demonstrated that flupirtine was significantly more effective than pentazocine in
      reducing pain. The incidence of side-effects was similar in both treatment
      groups, flupirtine, however, caused less intensive and less clinically relevant
      adverse reactions. In conclusion the results indicate that flupirtine is a potent
      and well tolerated analgesic in the treatment of cancer pain.

PMID- 3885964
TI  - Characterization of vasodilators by comparison of their effects on blood
      pressure, counterregulation and myocardial oxygen demand in conscious
      normotensive dogs.
AB  - Vasodilators were characterized on the basis of their first-dose effect on
      systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, on the product of heart rate
      and systolic blood pressure and on plasma renin activity (PRA) in conscious
      normotensive dogs. The compounds were given orally to the animals and the effects
      were studied over a period of 4 h. The arterial vasodilators (propyldazine,
      dihydralazine and labetalol) caused a marked reduction of systolic and diastolic
      blood pressure with excessive stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system,
      leading to an increase in myocardial oxygen demand. The blood pressure effect of
      urapidil and prazosin resembled more the pattern seen with typical venous
      dilators (molsidomine and nitrates) and was not accompanied by significant
      increases in heart rate and in PRA. Hence, the magnitude of diastolic blood
      pressure reduction seems to be an essential determinant of reflex
      counterregulation. The results prove that some few parameters can give
      information about the overall pattern of hemodynamic effects of vasodilators.

PMID- 3885965
TI  - Micromethod for determination of antibacterial capacity in amniotic fluid.
AB  - A new method for assessing antibacterial activity in amniotic fluid (AF) is
      presented. Sample sizes of 100 microliter were incubated at 37 degrees C in an
      equal amount of growth medium with inoculated bacteria. The quantification of
      bacterial growth was established by measuring the change in optical density with
      an automated spectrophotometer. In this study, Escherichia coli, type K 12, was
      used for inoculation and the bacterial growth was assessed after 6, 18, 30, 42,
      and 54 hours' incubation. The variation coefficients in intra-assay and
      interassay measurements were 3.8 and 5.2%, respectively. Shaking of the incubated
      sample significantly changed the results by increasing the number of viable cells
      in the most probable number method and decreasing the optical density difference
      in the spectrophotometric method. Nevertheless, the correlation between the
      results in both methods was good (r = 0.94, p less than 0.05, and r = 0.98, p
      less than 0.01, respectively). By filtering the AF sample before incubation, a
      great deal of antibacterial activity was removed. The reproducibility,
      simplicity, and rapidity of this spectrophotometric method of assessing
      antibacterial activity in AF may make it a useful clinical tool.

PMID- 3885966
TI  - The use of amniocentesis in preterm premature rupture of membranes.
AB  - Amniocentesis has recently been advocated as a useful diagnostic adjunct in the
      management of the patient with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM).
      Although studies are limited, transabdominal inspection of amniotic fluid for a
      mature phospholipid lung profile or evidence of incipient sepsis appears helpful
      in reducing the risk of prematurity and infection in the gravida and neonate. In
      addition, amniocentesis in this group of patients is technically feasible if
      ultrasound is used concomitantly. Limitations to this procedure include the
      inability to identify neonates at risk for nonpulmonary complications of
      prematurity such as intraventricular hemorrhage. Physicians should be aware of
      their individual laboratory and nursery limitations along with current infectious
      morbidity statistics before initiating this management protocol.

PMID- 3885967
TI  - Twin pregnancy: routine use of ultrasound examinations in the prenatal diagnosis
      of intrauterine growth retardation and discordant growth.
AB  - A prospective study was undertaken in 42 normal twin pregnancies to determine the
      value of routine ultrasound evaluation in the prenatal diagnosis of intrauterine
      growth retardation (IUGR) and intra-pair growth discordancy in twin gestations.
      Use of multiple sonographic parameters significantly improved diagnostic accuracy
      when compared with the use of single parameters, such as biparietal diameter
      (BPD) alone in the prepartum diagnosis of these two entities.

PMID- 3885968
TI  - Cryptococcal meningitis.

PMID- 3885969
TI  - Amniotic band related compression defects.

PMID- 3885970
TI  - [Adult progressive respiratory insufficiency syndrome in the child (shock-lung
      syndrome)].

PMID- 3885971
TI  - [Use of the phase-contrast microscope in the study of hematuria].

PMID- 3885972
TI  - Purification and characterization of a low molecular mass cysteine proteinase
      inhibitor from human amniotic fluid.
AB  - We have purified the human low molecular mass cysteine proteinase inhibitor in
      good yield from amniotic fluid, using ultrafiltration through 100-kDa and 1-kDa
      cut-off filters, chromatography on Ultrogel AcA 54, and affinity chromatography
      on alkylated papain-agarose. Approximately 1-4 mg/l of this inhibitor are present
      in amniotic fluid. The purified inhibitor had an apparent molecular mass of 10.5
      12 kDa, as judged by its electrophoretic behavior. Amino acid analysis showed it
      to be rich in acidic and aliphatic residues and in cysteine. No carbohydrate side
      chains could be demonstrated. The purified inhibitor inhibited papain, ficin,
      cathepsins B, C, and H, the cathepsin B-like enzyme from B16 melanoma cells, and
      a bovine chromaffin granule enkephalin-converting activity. No inhibition of Ca2
      dependent neutral cysteine proteinase, serine- or metallo-proteinases was seen.
      Analysis of the purified inhibitor by isoelectric focusing revealed 7 major bands
      with pI values of 7.95, 7.0, 6.7, 6.55, 6.25, 5.5, and 5.2, all of which
      inhibited papain.

PMID- 3885973
TI  - Intracranial sonography in infancy.
AB  - Neonates and older infants were subjected to sonography through the anterior
      fontanelle with grey-scale compound scanner. The patients were referred to us
      from neurosurgery or showed clinical symptoms of perinatal CNS damage
      (ventricular or intracerebral haemorrhage, subdural effusion, etc.) or
      malformations (meningomyelocele, encephalocele, cystic brain, cerebral
      dysgenesis, etc.). Sonography is the simplest non-invasive diagnostic method to
      exclude suspected hydrocephalus in cases of macrocephalus, or when the head of
      premature infants grows more rapidly than the rest of the body. When screening
      showed alterations, sonography was performed weekly or fortnightly according to
      the extent of deviation from the normal. In cases of progressive hydrocephalus,
      when shunt surgery was indicated, ultrasound was used to monitor the operation of
      the shunt. In early age, ultrasound is a tool equal in value to CT, but is far
      less expensive and the examination can safely be repeated at any time.

PMID- 3885975
TI  - Denturism--no objections but...

PMID- 3885974
TI  - Denturism.

PMID- 3885976
TI  - Metronidazole as an adjunct to periodontal therapy with sub-gingival curettage.

PMID- 3885978
TI  - Plaque fissuring--the cause of acute myocardial infarction, sudden ischaemic
      death, and crescendo angina.

PMID- 3885979
TI  - Effect of timolol on changes in serum potassium concentration during acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - One hundred and six patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to
      hospital within four hours after the onset of symptoms were randomised to
      treatment with intravenous timolol (54 patients) or placebo (52 patients). Serum
      potassium concentrations were estimated at frequent intervals during the first 24
      hours of admission. Patients in both treatment groups, who did not receive
      subsequent diuretic treatment, had a transient rise in serum potassium
      concentration, which was maximal after four hours. This rise was abolished by
      diuretic treatment in the placebo group but not in the timolol group, in which
      there was a pronounced and prolonged rise in serum potassium concentration. The
      change in serum potassium concentration in the first four hours after admission
      correlated with cumulative creatine kinase release in the placebo group, but not
      in the timolol group. Hypokalaemia (serum potassium concentration less than or
      equal to 3.5 mmol/l) occurred in 15 (28.8%) patients in the placebo group and in
      seven (13%) in the timolol group and was independent of infarct size. The
      frequency of hyperkalaemia was not increased in the timolol group. By increasing
      the serum potassium concentration and preventing hypokalaemia, the use of
      intravenous timolol early in acute myocardial infarction may have important
      clinical effects in addition to reducing infarct size.

PMID- 3885977
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse associated with other disorders. Casual coincidence, common
      link, or fundamental genetic disturbance?

PMID- 3885980
TI  - Cellular immunity in congestive cardiomyopathy. Hypersensitivity to cardiac
      antigens.
AB  - The presence of type IV hypersensitivity to cardiac antigens in 26 patients with
      congestive cardiomyopathy was sought by two in vitro techniques. Neither test
      showed a significant group abnormality, but 10 patients did have hypersensitivity
      to heart antigen, in particular to congestive cardiomyopathic heart antigen.
      These patients were characterised by worse haemodynamic data and a more rapid and
      malignant course of the disease than in the rest of the group.

PMID- 3885981
TI  - Haemodynamic and neurohumoral response to exercise in patients with congestive
      heart failure treated with captopril.
AB  - The contribution of the renin-angiotensin system to the cardiovascular response
      to exercise was studied in 12 patients with congestive heart failure. The
      haemodynamic effects of captopril were measured at rest and during supine bicycle
      exercise. After captopril administration, resting systemic vascular resistance
      fell by 26.6% and mean blood pressure by 16.7% and cardiac index increased by
      19.7%. During exercise, captopril decreased systemic vascular resistance by 25.6%
      and mean blood pressure by 8.2% and increased cardiac index by 24.4%. Pulmonary
      wedge pressure fell by 25% at rest but was not altered by captopril during
      exercise. Pretreatment plasma renin activity increased from 13.4(16.0) ng/ml/hr
      (10.3(12.3) mmol/l/hr) at rest to 20.0(27.8) ng/ml/hr (15.4(21.4) mmol/l/hr)
      during exercise. Pretreatment plasma noradrenaline concentration increased from
      659(433) pg/ml (39(25.6) nmol/l) at rest to 2622(1486) pg/ml during exercise
      (155(88) nmol/l). Captopril favourably alters systemic vascular resistance and
      cardiac index during exercise in patients with congestive heart failure. This may
      reflect inhibition of the increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system
      during exercise in these patients and a subsequent reduction in systemic
      vasoconstriction.

PMID- 3885982
TI  - Comparison of etomidate and althesin in the reduction of increased intracranial
      pressure after head injury.
AB  - The increasing use of shorter-acting hypnotic agents to control intracranial
      pressure (ICP) following severe head injury has prompted a prospective double
      blind controlled trial comparing the efficacy of etomidate and Althesin, given by
      i.v. infusion. Over the dose ranges used, the two drugs appeared equipotent in
      decreasing ICP whilst preserving cerebral perfusion pressure. However, in two
      patients (one in each group) ICP did not respond to hypnotic infusion, a feature
      noted in other studies to occur in a minority of patients. With the cessation of
      Althesin manufacture and the discussion about the use of etomidate infusions, it
      is timely to document the effectiveness of etomidate in decreasing ICP.

PMID- 3885983
TI  - Indoramin-prolongation of repolarization time, a mechanism of bradycardia in man?
AB  - The effect of indoramin, a selective alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, on ECG time
      intervals in normal man was studied. Significant prolongation of QTc was observed
      after indoramin 100 mg, with no change in QRS duration. In addition, the slope of
      the RR/QT relationship was changed by indoramin 100 mg. These results suggest
      that indoramin may have Class III antiarrhythmic activity. If such activity were
      to affect the SA node, it may explain at least in part the observed lack of
      reflex tachycardia after indoramin administration.

PMID- 3885986
TI  - Clinical evaluation of plasma renin activity in various diseases in childhood.

PMID- 3885984
TI  - The evaluation of domperidone and metoclopramide as antiemetics in day care
      abortion patients.
AB  - A randomised double-blind investigation was undertaken to assess the value of
      domperidone and metoclopramide as prophylactic anti-emetics in unpremedicated
      patients undergoing general anaesthesia for therapeutic abortion on a day care
      basis. Sixty patients were divided into three groups, and received, at induction,
      one of three drugs intravenously. The incidences of postoperative nausea and
      vomiting were 35% in the group receiving normal saline as placebo, 30% in the
      group receiving 10 mg domperidone and 25% in the group receiving 10 mg
      metoclopramide; these were not statistically significantly different.
      Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence
      of postoperative nausea and vomiting as influenced by age, weight, length of
      gestation, anaesthetic time and a history of nausea and vomiting during the
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3885985
TI  - Comparative clinical efficacy of bepridil, propranolol and placebo in patients
      with chronic stable angina.
AB  - A randomised double-blind parallel group study was performed to compare the
      clinical efficacy of bepridil, a new calcium slow channel blocker, with that of
      propranolol and placebo in patients with chronic stable angina of effort.
      Efficacy was assessed objectively by dynamic exercise testing using an upright
      bicycle ergometer and subjectively by patient documentation of anginal frequency
      and nitrate consumption. The administration of bepridil resulted in a significant
      improvement in physical work capacity expressed as calculated maximal oxygen
      uptake (Vo2 max) and exercise time. This was associated with subjective
      improvement in terms of reduced anginal frequency. Despite baseline differences
      in exercise performance and anginal frequency between the three treatment groups,
      the beneficial effects of bepridil were statistically significant when compared
      to propranolol. Although minor electrocardiographic changes were noted, no
      adverse effects were evident when bepridil was prescribed in doses of up to 400
      mg/day over a 10 week period.

PMID- 3885987
TI  - Treatment of psoriasis with Clinitar Cream. A controlled clinical trial.

PMID- 3885988
TI  - Treatment of psoriasis with Clinitar gel. A controlled clinical trial.

PMID- 3885989
TI  - Clinical experience with isoxicam in patients with acute gout.

PMID- 3885990
TI  - Gout and non-gout through the ages.

PMID- 3885991
TI  - Clinical assay of ceftazidime levels in tissues of the relatively ischaemic limb.

PMID- 3885992
TI  - "Inderex" therapy in general practice.

PMID- 3885993
TI  - Ciliary function in health and disease.

PMID- 3885994
TI  - Management of AIDS pneumonia.

PMID- 3885995
TI  - Fatal pulmonary hypertension following renal transplantation.
AB  - We present a case of fatal pulmonary hypertension occurring in a child several
      years following renal transplantation for membranoproliferative
      glomerulonephritis. Premortem investigations failed to reveal a cause for the
      pulmonary hypertension. Histological features in the lung at autopsy were
      consistent with a diagnosis of PVOD. The possible common pathogenesis of these
      seemingly unrelated disorders is discussed.

PMID- 3885996
TI  - Stimulatory effect of immunoglobulins and Fc fragments on glucose oxidation and
      glucose transport by adipocytes.
AB  - Following our demonstration that human IgG, its Fc fragments and IgM stimulate
      lipogenesis in adipocytes, we embarked on a study to investigate whether these
      proteins stimulate the oxidation and transport of glucose by adipocytes, and
      whether such a stimulation is mediated through the insulin receptor. Using a
      simplified method for the measurement of [14C]-carbon dioxide produced from [U
      14C]-glucose by rat adipocytes, we demonstrated that both IgG, Fc fragments and
      IgM produced a dose-dependent stimulation of oxidation of glucose by adipocytes.
      These proteins also produced a stimulation of 3-o-methylglucose uptake by
      adipocytes. IgG, Fc Fragments and IgM did not, however, alter specific binding of
      insulin to adipocytes. These data provide further evidence that human IgG and IgM
      may have a role in regulating metabolic activity of adipose tissue. These effects
      are exerted independently of the insulin receptor and are probably mediated
      through the interaction of its Fc fraction with putative Fc receptors on the
      adipocyte membrane. A similar interaction may be important in the regulation of
      metabolic activity of other cells with Fc receptors.

PMID- 3885997
TI  - Further studies of the reasons for the lack of alveolar infection during
      influenza in ferrets.
AB  - Intratracheal inoculation of influenza virus in the ferret was followed by a more
      severe airway infection than that produced by nasal infection and was mainly
      bronchiolar rather than bronchial. Also, virus isolation from the alveolar zone
      of the lung together with immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques
      showed that some virus reached the alveoli. Nevertheless, there was no subsequent
      alveolitis suggesting the existence of a clearance phenomenon. Alveolar
      macrophages were shown to have phagocytosed virus in vivo and phagocytosis
      studies in vitro showed that two mechanisms could operate to eradicate the virus.
      First, a rapid destruction of virus and second an abortive cycle of replication
      which produced virus antigen but not infectious virus. Experiments with large
      doses of virus indicated that after intranasal inoculation little virus reached
      the alveoli so it would probably be quickly cleared by the macrophages.

PMID- 3885998
TI  - Life expectancy of Swedish haemophiliacs, 1831-1980.
AB  - Life expectancy of Swedish haemophiliacs has been estimated for the period 1831
      1980. The data were derived from 948 haemophiliacs of whom 580 survived
      throughout 1980. Applying standard demographic techniques, median life expectancy
      of patients with severe haemophilia was found to have increased fivefold, from a
      mere 11 years during the period 1831-1920 to 56.8 years during 1961-80. The
      corresponding estimates for patients with moderate haemophilia were 27.5 and 71.5
      years, respectively. The limited data on patients with mild haemophilia did not
      indicate any significant improvements in mortality. From the beginning of this
      century to 1980 median life expectancy for Swedish males increased from 61.7
      years to 75.6 years, an increase of 23%. Analysing the last 12 years of the study
      (1969-80), death rates for patients with severe haemophilia below the age of 45
      were not much different from those of Swedish males in the population as a whole.
      The investigation implies that the mortality of haemophiliacs in Sweden is
      approaching that of the total male population.

PMID- 3885999
TI  - Complete correction of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia by allogeneic bone-marrow
      transplantation.
AB  - Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) successfully corrected type I
      thrombasthenia in a 4-year-old boy. The donor was his HLA-A, B and D identical 14
      year-old brother who was heterozygous for thrombasthenia. A first transplant
      after conditioning with cyclophosphamide and thoracoabdominal irradiation was
      rejected, but a second transplant using CCNU, cyclophosphamide, procarbazine and
      horse antihuman thymocyte globulin in the preparative regimen was successful.
      Engraftment was proven by studies of platelet membrane antigens, PLA1 and
      glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex and by platelet function studies. Haemorrhagic
      manifestations completely disappeared; platelet membrane markers and clot
      retraction returned promptly to normal values, and platelet aggregation tests
      more slowly. Twenty-four months after bone-marrow transplant, the patient was
      well with mild chronic hepatic graft versus host disease. BMT therefore appears
      to be a possible treatment for severe inherited platelet disorders.

PMID- 3886000
TI  - Acquired autoimmune thrombocytopenia after allogeneic bone marrow
      transplantation.
AB  - A 29-year-old man in remission from acute myeloblastic leukaemia was treated by
      chemoradiotherapy and transplantation of bone marrow (BMT) collected from his HLA
      identical brother. Engraftment was documented on D12. Transient acute GVHD (grade
      II) appeared from D34. No infection complicated the BMT. Nevertheless severe
      thrombocytopenia persisted and was unresponsive to marrow donor platelet
      transfusion. The platelet immunofluorescence test demonstrated the autoimmune
      basis of the thrombocytopenia. This study suggests that the transient immune
      imbalance observed in the early post graft period could facilitate the appearance
      of autoimmune cytopenias.

PMID- 3886001
TI  - Heterogeneity of Ia antigen expression on myeloblastic leukaemias: correlation
      with stage of maturation defined by cytochemical markers.
AB  - The expression of Ia-like antigen (Ia) has been studied in 55 cases of acute
      myeloid leukaemia (AML) in correlation with the expression of both Sudan Black
      (SB) and naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase (NCAE) stains. Operationally the
      AML cases were divided into three groups using only NCAE expression on the
      leukaemic cells: the first group with early maturation stage (MS1) consisted of
      30 cases with less than 10% NCAE positive cells (SB: 15-100%): the MS2 group of
      14 cases with 10-70% NCAE positive cells (SB: 65-100%) and the MS3 group of 11
      cases with 70-100% NCAE positive cells (SB: 89-100%). Ia expression was
      determined by complement-dependent cytotoxicity, immunofluorescence and
      immunoperoxidase methods. A similar high percentage (80%) of patients from both
      group MS1 and MS2 expressed Ia on the surface of 32-100% of the cells.
      Furthermore, individual comparison of all cases from these two groups showed no
      correlation between Ia, NCAE and SB expression. Only in the 11 cases from the MS3
      group, which included nine cases of promyelocytic leukaemias, was there a
      correlation between very low expression of Ia antigen with the high NCAE
      expression. Thus, for AML with a low degree of differentiation the expression of
      Ia seems to be independent of conventional cytochemical markers of cell
      maturation.

PMID- 3886002
TI  - Low-dose ARA-C fails to enhance differentiation of leukaemic cells.
AB  - Nine patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia were treated with low-dose ARA-C
      (10 mg/m2, q 12h) for a planned 21 d. Complete remission was attained in only one
      patient (11.1%). Definite cytoreductive effect was seen in four additional
      patients. There was one treatment-related death. Haematologic toxicity occurred
      in all nine patients with sever thrombocytopenia most prominent. Severe
      hepatotoxicity precluded further ARA-C treatment in one patient. Because of
      toxicity only two patients were able to complete their scheduled 3 week courses
      of low-dose ARA-C. No evidence of ARA-C induced differentiation of leukaemic
      cells was noted on follow-up bone marrow examination during or shortly after the
      treatment course. The utility and indication for low-dose ARA-C therapy of AML
      remains to be determined.

PMID- 3886003
TI  - Late relapse of acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia 6 years following allogeneic
      bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 3886004
TI  - Cimetidine in labour: absence of adverse effect on the high-risk fetus.
AB  - In a prospective randomized trial, 36 women received cimetidine and 32 magnesium
      trisilicate mixture BP as antacid therapy every 2 h in labour. The women belonged
      to a high-risk category and the infants born were less than 36 weeks gestation,
      or less than 2000 g birthweight or otherwise in jeopardy because of severe
      maternal pre-eclampsia or diabetes. Measurements of a wide range of
      haematological and biochemical variables revealed no differences between the two
      groups of babies. The frequency of complications found in the infants was
      similar, although infants born to the women who received magnesium trisilicate
      required oxygen therapy for a longer period. Cimetidine did not appear to affect
      the development of gastric acidity, or to increase bacterial colonization of the
      gastrointestinal tract in the infant.

PMID- 3886005
TI  - Mode of interaction of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase with
      strong binding inhibitors: compactin and related compounds.
AB  - The sodium salts of compactin (1) and trans-6-[2-(2,4- dichloro-6
      hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran- 2-one (3) are
      inhibitors of yeast beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA)
      reductase. The dissociation constants are 0.24 X 10(-9) and 0.28 X 10(-9) M,
      respectively. Similar values have been reported for HMG-CoA reductase from
      mammalian sources [Endo, A., Kuroda, M., & Tanzawa, K. (1976) FEBS Lett. 72, 323;
      Alberts, A. W., et al. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 3957]. The
      structures of these compounds marginally resemble that of any substrates of HMG
      CoA reductase. We, therefore, investigated the basis for the strong interaction
      between HMG-CoA reductase and these inhibitors. HMG-CoA and coenzyme A (CoASH),
      but not reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), prevent
      binding of compactin to the enzyme. HMG-CoA, but not CoASH or NADPH, prevents
      binding of 3 to the enzyme. We also investigated the inhibitory activity of
      molecules that resemble structural components of compactin. Compactin consists of
      a moiety resembling 3,5-dihydroxyvaleric acid that is attached to a decalin
      structure. The sodium salt of DL-3,5-dihydroxyvaleric acid inhibits HMG-CoA
      reductase competitively with respect to HMG-CoA and noncompetitively with respect
      to NADPH. The dissociation constant for DL-3,5-dihydroxyvaleric acid, derived
      from protection against inactivation of enzyme by iodoacetic acid, is (2.1 +/-
      0.9) X 10(-2) M. Two decalin derivatives (structurally identical with or closely
      related to the decalin moiety of compactin) showed no detectable inhibition. If
      the lack of inhibition is due to their limited solubility, the dissociation
      constant of these decalin derivatives may be conservatively estimated to be
      greater than or equal to 0.5 mM. Simultaneous addition of decalin derivatives and
      DL-3,5-dihydroxyvaleric acid does not lead to enhanced inhibition. The sodium
      salt of (E)-6-[2-(2-methoxy-1-naphthalenyl)ethenyl]-3,4,5,6- tetrahydro-4-hydroxy
      2H-pyran-2-one (6) inhibits HMG-CoA reductase competitively with respect to HMG
      CoA and noncompetitively with respect to NADPH. The inhibition constant (vs. HMG
      CoA) is 0.8 microM. CoASH does not prevent binding of 6 to enzyme. Compound 6,
      therefore, behaves analogously to compound 3. We propose that these inhibitors
      occupy two sites on the enzyme: one site is the hydroxymethylglutaryl binding
      domain of the enzyme active site and the other site is a hydrophobic pocket
      located adjacent to the active site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3886006
TI  - In vitro characterization of hybrid promoters and altered tryptophan operon
      promoters.
AB  - This study examines the in vitro interaction of hybrid and altered Escherichia
      coli promoters and other promoters with purified E. coli RNA polymerase. Three
      parameters of polymerase activity were examined: the time for open complex
      formation; the temperature of transitions; and the time required for productive
      initiation. The results indicate the rate of in vitro binding as measured by the
      filter binding technique does not completely correlate with the in vivo
      activities among these diverse promoters. Transition temperatures ranged from 13
      to 27 degrees C with the lowest transition temperatures associated with the
      relatively weak in vivo beta-lactamase and anti-tet promoters. The productive
      initiation studies showed a dependence on labeled nucleoside triphosphate
      concentration when that nucleotide was present early and frequently in the
      transcript. Promoters containing the -10 region of the lac promoter had slow
      productive initiation rates while trp -10 promoter derivatives were generally
      very fast. In the promoters studied here, a trend was noted between the binding
      rate and transition temperature studies in that the promoters with the lower
      transition temperatures tended to bind more rapidly.

PMID- 3886007
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance signal assignments of purified [13C]methyl-enriched
      yeast phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acid.
AB  - Yeast tRNA Phe, enriched in carbon-13 specifically at the naturally occurring
      methyl groups, has been produced through biosynthesis, then purified, and
      analyzed. Transfer RNA Phe was purified from the [13C]methyl-enriched,
      unfractionated tRNA that had been extracted from a methionine auxotroph of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae [Agris, P. F., Kovacs, S. A. H., Smith, C., Kopper, R.
      H., & Schmidt, P. G. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 1402-1408]. The yeast had been grown
      in minimal medium supplemented with [13C]methylmethionine. Transfer RNA Phe
      purity and the full extent of nucleoside modification were confirmed by high
      performance liquid chromatography of constituent nucleosides with simultaneous UV
      spectral identification and quantitation. Mass spectometry of [13C]methyl
      enriched nucleosides and NMR of the tRNA indicated an enrichment of at least 70
      atom %. Twelve resolved and prominent carbon-13 NMR signals from the tRNA were
      seen between 10 and 60 ppm. These have been assigned to 13 of the 14 naturally
      occurring methyl groups. However, the partially resolved signals assigned to the
      two 5-methylcytidines could not be assigned to their specific nucleoside
      positions of either 40 or 49 in the molecule. In addition, the partially resolved
      signals of the two methyl esters of wybutosine could not be distinguished. The
      methyl group found not to be enriched with 13C is bound to the ring carbon in the
      hypermodified nucleoside wybutosine (Y). A 13th enriched signal downfield (120.9
      ppm) has been assigned to one of the two carbons added to guanosine to form the
      third ring in the biosynthesis of Y. The 13C enrichment of this ring carbon
      demonstrates its origin from the methionine methyl group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3886008
TI  - Spreading of non-transformed and transformed cells.
AB  - Mechanisms of cellular reactions responsible for the spreading of non-transformed
      cultured tissue cells on the surface of various substrata and relationships of
      these reactions to the control of cell proliferation are reviewed; the special
      role of the membrane-cytoskeleton interactions leading to extension and
      attachment of pseudopods is stressed. Transition of cells from non-transformed to
      transformed phenotype is characterized by decreased spreading and by decreased
      dependence of proliferation on spreading. Manifestations of both of these
      spreading-associated changes are reviewed and their possible mechanisms are
      discussed. It is suggested that cell transition to transformed phenotype involves
      shift of an equilibrium between the reactions induced by the two groups of
      membrane-bound ligands: those attached and those not attached to the substratum.

PMID- 3886009
TI  - Transformation by human adenoviruses.
AB  - When, approximately 10 years ago, it was shown that the functions essential for
      cell transformation were localized in a small region of the adenovirus genome, a
      DNA segment which at that time was thought to be capable of encoding two or three
      average-sized proteins at most, it seemed reasonable to hope that an
      understanding of the mechanisms by which adenoviruses transform cells might be
      quickly achieved. While such optimism might be forgiven, it was quite clearly
      naive in the extreme. As a consequence of mRNA splicing and the use of
      overlapping reading frames the number of proteins encoded within E1 is 2-3-times
      greater than would have been predicted a decade ago, and post-translational
      modifications may add another dimension of complexity. In fact it has taken
      nearly all of the past decade just to identify the proteins encoded in E1 and to
      characterize them in the most rudimentary way. However, we have now entered a
      period in which new information is accumulating at an extremely rapid rate as a
      result of several major technical and fundamental advances. Chief among these are
      the use of recombinant DNA techniques, particularly site-directed mutagenesis,
      which combined with methods for introducing mutations made in cloned sequences
      back into infectious virus, clearly represents a powerful approach to studying
      the functions of transforming proteins. In addition, the ability to express
      transforming proteins in bacteria and to produce large amounts of highly purified
      proteins which previously were only just detectable in infected and transformed
      cells is a major breakthrough. Advances in immunological techniques, particularly
      the development of monoclonal antibodies and antisera against synthetic peptides,
      have enormously simplified the task of detecting and characterizing E1 proteins.
      Finally, recent results suggesting that adenovirus transforming proteins may be
      functionally and structurally similar to other oncogenes brings a new perspective
      to the study of oncogenic transformation. Have all the proteins involved in
      transformation by adenoviruses been identified? It seems probable that all those
      virally coded proteins which play a major role are now known but of course minor
      players in the cast could still be waiting in the wings. We have pointed out that
      viral functions encoded outside region E1 may have some importance at least in
      initiation of transformation by virions and have speculated on the possibility
      that one or more of these may be involved in the integration of viral DNA into
      the host cell chromosome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3886010
TI  - Defective assembly of the mitochondrial ribosomes in yeast cells grown in the
      presence of mitochondrial protein synthesis inhibitors.
AB  - The involvement of mitochondrial protein synthesis in the assembly of the
      mitochondrial ribosomes was investigated by studying the extent to which the
      assembly process can proceed in the presence of mitochondrial protein synthesis
      inhibitors erythromycin and chloramphenicol. Yeast cells grown in the presence of
      erythromycin (2 mg/ml) do not appear to contain any detectable amounts of the
      mitochondrial small (37 S) ribosomal subunit. Instead, a ribonucleoparticle with
      a sedimentation coefficient of 30 S was observed; this particle could be shown to
      be related to the mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoretic analysis of its protein components. Since the var1 protein is the
      only mitochondrial translation product known to be associated with the
      mitochondrial ribosome, our results suggest that this protein is essential for
      the assembly of the mature small subunit, and that the var1 protein enters the
      pathway for the assembly of the small subunit at a late step. In at least one
      strain of yeast the accumulation of the 30-S particle appears to be very
      sensitive to catabolite repression. When yeast cells are grown in the presence of
      chloramphenicol instead of erythromycin, assembly of the small subunit appears to
      be only partially inhibited, and the presence of the 30-S particle could not be
      clearly demonstrated. This observation is consistent with the fact that in yeast,
      chloramphenicol inhibits mitochondrial protein synthesis by about 95% only and
      that the synthesis of the var1 protein appears to be the least sensitive to this
      inhibition.

PMID- 3886011
TI  - Inactivation of alpha-glucosidase by the active-site-directed inhibitor,
      conduritol B epoxide.
AB  - Conduritol B epoxide is an active-site-directed inhibitor of some glucosidases.
      The inactivation of alpha-glucosidase (alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC
      3.2.1.20) from Monascus ruber by conduritol B epoxide is irreversible and first
      order with respect to time and inhibitor concentration. The inactivation is
      prevented by the presence of the substrate maltose. The pH-dependence of Vmax for
      maltose indicated the participation of two dissociating groups with pK values of
      4.1 and 5.8 in the enzyme-substrate complex. Modification of the alpha
      glucosidase with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride led
      to loss of activity, which suggests that a carboxyl group(s) is located at the
      active site of alpha-glucosidase.

PMID- 3886012
TI  - Identification in various chlorate-resistant mutants of a protein involved in the
      activation of nitrate reductase in the soluble fraction of a chlA mutant of
      Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - We report some properties of Protein PA which has been isolated from the soluble
      fraction of a chlB mutant after anaerobic growth in the presence of KNO3. This
      protein has been identified by its capacity to reactivate nitrate reductase
      present in the soluble fraction of a chlA mutant by the complementation process.
      The presence of active Protein PA in the chlB mutant is independent of the
      presence of oxygen or of nitrate during growth. In contrast, the addition of
      sodium tungstate to the growth medium leads to the formation of inactive Protein
      PA which is not able to activate nitrate reductase in the chlA-soluble extract by
      complementation. Inactive Protein PA has been quantitated immunologically. The
      partial purification of Protein PA has been achieved from various chlorate
      resistant mutants (chlA-chlG). The establishment of particular complementation
      systems comprising the soluble extracts of chlA or chlB mutants and partially
      purified Protein PA from soluble fractions of different chlorate-resistant
      mutants, has allowed the quantitative estimation of this protein. The analysis by
      'rocket immunoelectrophoresis' using an antiserum specific for Protein PA has
      shown that inactive Protein PA is present in approximately equivalent amounts in
      the chlA, chlE, chlG and chlD mutants.

PMID- 3886013
TI  - Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. Identification of precursor forms
      synthesized by human fibroblasts in culture.
AB  - Precursor forms of the glycoprotein tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)
      synthesized by human fibroblasts in culture have been identified by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of specific
      immunoprecipitates. Translation of mRNA extracted from fibroblasts in the cell
      free rabbit reticulocyte lysate system yielded a single immunoprecipitable
      precursor of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, Mr 22000. Intact fibroblasts
      cultured in the presence of tunicamycin synthesized an Mr 20 000 form of tissue
      inhibitor of metalloproteinases, detectable intracellularly and extracellularly.
      This is in contrast to the predominantly intracellular Mr 24 000 form synthesized
      during monensin treatment of cells and the normal secreted form of tissue
      inhibitor of metalloproteinases, Mr 29 000. Isoelectric focusing of the various
      immunoprecipitable precursor forms showed a progressive increase in positive
      charge and microheterogeneity of the protein during cellular processing. The data
      suggest that the inhibitor protein core, of basic pI, is glycosylated initially
      by the addition of mostly neutral sugars and subsequently by acidic sugars, prior
      to secretion.

PMID- 3886014
TI  - Purification and characterization of Escherichia coli xanthine-guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase produced by plasmid pSV2gpt.
AB  - The enzyme xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from Escherichia coli cells
      harboring the plasmid pSV2gpt has been purified 30-fold to near homogeneity by
      single-step GMP-agarose affinity chromatography. It has a Km value of 2.5, 42 and
      182 microM for the substrates guanine, xanthine and hypoxanthine, respectively,
      with guanine being the most preferred substrate. The enzyme exhibits a Km value
      of 38.5 microM for PRib-PP with guanine as second substrate and of 100 microM
      when xanthine is used as the second substrate. It is markedly inhibited by 6
      thioguanine, GMP and to a lesser extent by some other purine analogues.
      Thioguanine has been found to be the most potent inhibitor. The subunit molecular
      weight of xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase was determined to be 19 000.
      The in situ activity assay on a nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      gel has indicated that a second E. coli phosphoribosyltransferase preferentially
      uses hypoxanthine as opposed to guanine as a substrate, and it does not use
      xanthine.

PMID- 3886015
TI  - [Concentration of DNA divalent ions in transformed tissues during exposure to
      various factors].
AB  - The effect of X-irradiation (1000 r) on the rat liver nuclear DNA Zn content has
      been studied. The results show a significant decrease of Zn content 1 hour after
      irradiation and some its normalization after 24 hours. The obtained data on Zn
      content decrease may be considered as one of the responses of nuclear DNA to
      irradiation.

PMID- 3886016
TI  - [Is the coherence of low-intensity laser light essential for its effect on
      biological objects?].
AB  - Low-intensity laser light coherence is considered in relation to biological
      objects under normal physiological conditions. Estimations show that the
      excitation rate (the rate of coherent states generation) of typical biomolecules
      in visible range (sigma abs = 10(-17) cm2, I = 10(-3) W/cm2) is 10(12)-10(13)
      times lower than that of their phase relaxation. It means that the role of
      coherent interaction processes is negligible. This conclusion is confirmed by the
      experimental results obtained with living cells of different types.

PMID- 3886017
TI  - [Specific proteases which degrade prolactin in the mammary glands; subcellular
      localization and inhibitory analysis].
AB  - The intracellular fractions were shown to contain neutral and acidic proteases
      hydrolyzing (125I) prolactin with pH optima at pH 7.6 and 3.0. Neutral proteases
      are predominantly localized in the mitochondrial and nuclear fractions, while the
      acidic ones--in the lysosomes. Mitochondrial and lysosomal proteases are specific
      towards rat prolactin. The rate of rat prolactin proteolysis in these fractions
      is 2.7 (P less than 0.0027) and 1.6 (P less than 0.05) times higher than that of
      sheep prolactin or that of the luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones.
      Neutral proteases, which split of [125I] insulin, are distributed in the
      subcellular fractions in quite a different way. It was demonstrated that the
      prolactin-hydrolyzing activity of the nuclear and mitochondrial fractions is due
      to the presence of metal-dependent, serine and sulfhydryl proteases in these
      organelles.

PMID- 3886018
TI  - [Determination of the concentrations of separate species of microorganisms in
      mixtures by the light scattering spectra of the suspensions].
AB  - A possibility of number determination of microorganisms in cultures mixture
      according to the spectra light transmission is shown.

PMID- 3886019
TI  - [Mites in house dust and human allergoses].
AB  - The literary data on the study of the house-dust mites during the period from
      1864 till 1983 are given. The methods of the house dust samples collection in
      flats and the methods of the house-dust mites isolation from the house dust are
      evaluated. The house-dust mites fauna including more than 130 species is
      described. The synantropic mites-pyroglyphides are the main part of the fauna,
      the stored products mites and predatory cheyletid and gamasid mites occur
      regularly. The rest part of the fauna consists of the different mites got into
      house by chance. The literary data on the influence of temperature and relative
      humidity on the development and growth of the mite population are given. The
      house-dust mites feeding and digestion processes bearing relation to the
      formation of the mite allergen are reviewed. The original data complete the
      literary data on the fauna and distribution of the house-dust mites in Moscow.

PMID- 3886020
TI  - [Iron accumulation by saccharomycete yeasts growing on media with an elevated
      iron content].
AB  - In the absence of the artificial complexons of iron the intracellular iron
      content in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are determined by the concentration of
      ions Fe(II) in medium. As iron is accumulated by yeast mainly in threevalency
      state the principal internal factor determining the intracellular iron content
      with existing concentration of Fe(II) in medium can be supposed to be redaction
      oxidation state of yeast cell.

PMID- 3886021
TI  - [Role of the hypothalamus in the reflex regulation of cardiac activity].
AB  - A review of literary and own experimental data is given. More adequate method in
      the study of the hypothalamic heart regulation is the investigation of the
      hypothalamic influences on the cardiac reflexes. The necessity of the experiments
      on the unanesthetized unrestrained animals is underlined. The dual modulating
      hypothalamic influences existing already in fishes having been revealed on the
      unanesthetized animals. The character of the modulating influence is determinated
      to a certain extent by the cardiac reflex intensity: small responses are
      increased, larger ones are reduced. The extension of system regions involved into
      the reflex response pattern at the increase of the degree of temperature effect
      of venous blood on heart has been discovered in unanesthetized unrestrained cats.

PMID- 3886022
TI  - The effects of arterial glucose infusion above the celiac axis in the neonatal
      lamb.
AB  - Refractory hypoglycemia has been reported in an infant receiving glucose infusion
      via an umbilical artery catheter (UAC) above the celiac axis. To prove the
      hypothesis that hypoglycemia resulted from direct glucose infusion to the
      pancreas, 15 term spontaneously delivered lambs were infused with 5.3 +/- 0.1 mg
      X kg-1 min-1 of glucose via an arterial catheter. In 9 glucose was infused below
      the celiac, and the glucose production rate (GPR) was derived. After a recovery
      period, the study was repeated with glucose infused above the celiac. During
      glucose infusion above the celiac, the plasma glucose concentration was lower
      than when the infusion was given below the celiac (140 +/- 6 vs. 175 +/- 11
      mg/dl, p less than 0.01). There was also a fall in the average GPR (3.7 +/- 0.5
      vs. 5.5 +/- 0.8 mg X kg-1 min-1, p less than 0.05). In 6 lambs the study was
      performed in the reverse sequence (high then low infusion) and no differences
      were noted in the parameters measured. However, there was a marked heterogeneity
      in the paired GPR in these lambs. We conclude that direct glucose infusion above
      the celiac increases glucose delivery to the pancreas. This produces increased
      insulin delivery to the portal system resulting in suppressed GPR and reduction
      in plasma glucose concentration. These changes may account for refractory
      hypoglycemia in infants clinically when glucose is infused above the celiac
      through a UAC.

PMID- 3886023
TI  - Vitamin B6, magnesium, and combined B6-Mg: therapeutic effects in childhood
      autism.
AB  - This article reports the behavioral, biochemical, and electrophysiological
      effects of four therapeutic crossed-sequential double-blind trials with 60
      autistic children: Trial A--vitamin B6 plus magnesium/magnesium; Trial B--vitamin
      B6 plus magnesium; Trial C--magnesium; and Trial D--vitamin B6. Therapeutic
      effects were controlled using behavior rating scales, urinary excretion of
      homovanillic acid (HVA), and evoked potential (EP) recordings. The behavioral
      improvement observed with the combination vitamin B6-magnesium was associated
      with significant modifications of both biochemical and electrophysiological
      parameters: the urinary HVA excretion decreased, and EP amplitude and morphology
      seemed to be normalized. These changes were not observed when either vitamin B6
      or magnesium was administered alone.

PMID- 3886024
TI  - A controlled clinical trial of L-tryptophan in acute mania.
AB  - In a 2-week study, 24 newly admitted manic patients were treated for 1 week with
      L-tryptophan (12 g/day); during the second week, half the patients, chosen at
      random, continued to receive tryptophan, while placebo was substituted in the
      other half under double-blind conditions. In the open phase of the study, there
      was a clinically and statistically (p less than 0.001) significant reduction in
      manic symptom scores, with little need for haloperidol prn. Patients who
      continued to be treated with tryptophan showed no significant change in mean
      scores during the second week, but those who were switched to placebo tended (p
      less than 0.10) to show an increase in the mean scores for manic symptoms. There
      was a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in the geometric mean of morning
      fasting total and free plasma tryptophan concentrations in men, but not in women.
      These results suggest that increasing the synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine has
      some therapeutic effect in mania.

PMID- 3886025
TI  - High-dose naloxone administration in chronic schizophrenia.

PMID- 3886026
TI  - Effect of suckling on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in postpartum beef cows,
      independent of ovarian secretions.
AB  - Thirty-two postpartum (PP) cows were used to investigate the effect of suckling
      on secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH). Calves remained with their dams
      (suckled; S), or they were removed within 24 h of birth (nonsuckled; NS). To
      evaluate the relationship between suckling and negative feedback regulation of
      LH, cows were ovariectomized on Day 5 PP, then injected intravenously with
      estradiol-17 beta (E) or vehicle (V) on Day 10 PP. To investigate the influence
      of suckling on the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced release of LH,
      cows were injected with 80 micrograms of GnRH on a single day varying from 18 to
      85 days PP. Suckling inhibited the postcastration rise in LH, as LH
      concentrations increased at a faster rate in NS compared with S cows [0.031 +/-
      0.02 ng/(ml X day) LH: P less than 0.05]; this was not influenced by basal
      amounts of E since amounts did not differ between S and NS cows at ovariectomy
      (5.37 +/- 0.36 vs. 5.34 +/- 0.48 pg/ml E; P greater than 0.05). Serum
      concentrations of LH were negatively related to total follicular E only in S cows
      (r = -0.71; P less than 0.01). Estradiol-17 beta caused a decrease not only in
      the level but also the variability in LH concentrations in both S and NS cows: LH
      in S cows was less variable after E than in NS cows (P less than 0.001), but the
      magnitude of LH suppression was not influenced by suckling (P greater than 0.25).
      The regression of LH response on days PP was essentially the same over time for
      both S (P greater than 0.25) and NS (P greater than 0.25) cows, indicating that
      LH response to a GnRH injection was not influenced by suckling or days PP.
      Suckled cows had a tendency to release more LH relative to their baseline in
      response to GnRH as time PP increased (P less than 0.10), but NS cows did not.
      These results indicate that even though ovarian secretions inhibit LH release
      from the pituitary, other inhibitory influences may have a major effect in S
      cows. Concentrations of LH were lower in S cows than NS cows on Day 10 PP,
      following removal of the ovaries on Day 5, suggesting that suckling had a direct
      effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.

PMID- 3886027
TI  - Female reproductive development is not activated by male California voles exposed
      to family cues.
AB  - Reproductive development of male California voles (Microtus californicus) is
      delayed when voles are raised in bedding taken from their family. In these
      experiments the effects of this chemically mediated puberty delay on male
      reproductive potential were examined. Males were paired with females for a 4-day
      period; the resultant uterine weights constituted a measure of male potency. In
      Experiments 1 and 2, 45-day-old males raised in clean or family bedding were
      paired with females. Regardless of whether cohabitation occurred in a clean,
      novel cage or in the male's home cage, only males reared in clean bedding caused
      significant growth of the female reproductive tract. In Experiment 3 the stimulus
      males were adults, either castrated or intact. Only cohabitation with an intact
      male stimulated female reproductive development. These data show that chemical
      cues present in family bedding impair the ability of young males to stimulate
      reproductive development in females and suggest that this effect is due to low
      circulating androgen levels in reproductively delayed males. Since chemical cues
      in bedding from solitary males did not activate uterine growth, the androgen
      dependent deficit in delayed males may be behavioral. The relevance of these
      phenomena to animals living in a natural environment is discussed.

PMID- 3886028
TI  - Separation of germ cells from somatic cells in mouse testis by affinity for a
      lectin, peanut agglutinin.
AB  - A new method for the separation of germ cells from somatic cells in the mouse
      testis was accomplished by making use of the differences in cell surface affinity
      for a lectin, peanut agglutinin (PNA). The separation procedure was based on the
      specific presence of PNA receptor on testicular germ cells and its absence on
      somatic cells, such as Leydig, Sertoli and peritubular cells. As a result, more
      than 99% of cells in PNA receptor-positive (PNA+) fractions were identified as
      germ cells by immunoperoxidase reaction with specific antiserum to mouse
      testicular germ cells. In contrast, Leydig cells were enriched in PNA receptor
      negative (PNA-) fractions, i.e., 65% of cells in these fractions were
      cytochemically stained for 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD)
      activity.

PMID- 3886029
TI  - pH and protease control of acrosomal content stasis and release during the guinea
      pig sperm acrosome reaction.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine how trypsin inhibitors affect the guinea
      pig sperm acrosome reaction in vitro. Using spermatozoa pretreated with
      lysophosphatidyl choline, we found that both naturally occurring high molecular
      weight and the smaller synthetic trypsin inhibitor p-aminobenzamidine (PAB)
      delayed the onset of the acrosome reaction as monitored by light microscopy.
      Examination with electron microscopy revealed that acrosomal matrix dispersal
      rather than membrane fusion was affected. Despite the morphologic delay in
      acrosomal content release, PAB unexpectedly permitted 96% of soluble acrosomal
      antigen to be released into the supernatant. In addition, total acrosin release
      in the presence of PAB was 74% of control, with the vast majority as latent
      rather than active enzyme. A morphologically intact but membrane-free target of
      acrosomal matrix (AM), which is sensitive to trypsin inhibitor, was partially
      purified using Triton-x-100 at pH 5.2. AM remained morphologically stable at pH
      5.2; however, shift up to pH 7 resulted in rapid dissolution within several
      minutes as monitored by light and electron microscopy and light scattering.
      Trypsin inhibitor prevented dispersion of AM at pH 7. The results suggest that,
      during the acrosome reaction, one distinct region of the acrosomal contents
      disperses after membrane vesiculation in a pH and trypsin inhibitor-insensitive
      fashion while a pH sensitive trypsin-like activity (acrosin?) disperses another
      discrete region of acrosomal matrix.

PMID- 3886030
TI  - Laser flow measurements of scattering and fluorescence from cell nuclei in the
      presence of increasing Mg++ concentrations.
AB  - The effects of Mg++ on the spatial organization of nuclei from rat hepatocytes
      are analyzed in the range 0-60 mM, in the presence of suitable concentrations of
      KCl to reproduce physiological conditions. It is shown that the scatter-signal
      distribution measured by means of a flow microfluorimeter is greatly affected by
      this range of Mg concentrations. By coupling this result to phase-contrast
      automated image analysis, it is possible to identify a shrinking process induced
      by Mg++ in the range 0-2.5 mM, which reaches a plateau in the range 5-20 mM and
      is followed by a swelling process in the range 30-60 mM. The same Mg ranges are
      shown to affect the intercalation of the fluorochrome acridine orange into
      chromatin, suggesting that the shrinking-swelling phenomenon has also a molecular
      correspondence at the genome level. Possible implications in terms of the
      influence of Mg++ on the organization of chromatin inside intact cells are
      briefly discussed.

PMID- 3886031
TI  - Conformation-function relationships in hydrophobic peptides: interior turns and
      signal sequences.

PMID- 3886032
TI  - Assembly of fibronectin-containing extracellular matrix: a glimpse of the
      machinery.

PMID- 3886033
TI  - Studies on proline-containing tetrapeptide models of beta-turns.

PMID- 3886034
TI  - Applications of fluorescence spectroscopy to molecular cytogenetics.

PMID- 3886035
TI  - Adenylates: bound and unbound.

PMID- 3886036
TI  - Stable maintenance in chemostat-grown Escherichia coli of pBR322 and pACYC184 by
      disruption of the tetracycline resistance gene.
AB  - Plasmid stability was studied in antibiotic-free chemostat cultures. Disruption,
      either by deletion or insertion, of the tetracycline resistance gene in the
      EcoR1/EcoRV region of the cloning vector pBR322 or in the HindIII/BamH1 region of
      pACYC184 yields plasmids markedly more stable than the parent plasmids. Thus, at
      least for these two instances, cloning of a partitioning (par) locus is not
      prerequisite for plasmid maintenance.

PMID- 3886037
TI  - [Enkephalins and hormonal-metabolic reactions in experimental stress of differing
      severity].
AB  - Experiments on rats were made to study the effects of enkephalins on blood
      cortisol, insulin and glucose and excretion of catecholamines with urine during
      stress. In mild stress, enkephalins were demonstrated to be able to increase the
      catabolic processes, thereby accelerating the transition of the reaction to the
      phase of resistance. In severe stress, parenteral administration of enkephalins
      was discovered to promote the reduction in alterations of the parameters under
      study characteristic of stress.

PMID- 3886038
TI  - [Cellular and regional localization of the neurospecific antigen 10-40-4 in the
      human brain].
AB  - Cellular and regional localization of neurospecific protein 10-40-4 in human
      brain was studied by immunofluorescent staining and immunoenzymatic assay.
      Intense fluorescence of perikaryons of the medulla oblongata, thalamus and pons
      neurons was demonstrated. The same structures showed the maximal concentration of
      the protein (15-18% of water-soluble proteins). In the cortex of the hemispheres,
      in the cerebellum and hypothalamus the fluorescence intensity was not different
      from the background level. The concentration of the protein in these structures
      was minimal (1-4% of water-soluble proteins).

PMID- 3886039
TI  - [Transplantation of human embryonal tissues in athymic mice].
AB  - Various tissues of 8-10-week-old human embryos and 5-8-month-old fetuses were
      transplanted to nude mice. Liver, stomach, colon and musculocutaneous tissues
      were used for transplantation. Embryonal tissue transplants showed much more
      rapid growth than tissues of human fetuses.

PMID- 3886040
TI  - [Diurnal rhythm of mitoses in the corneal epithelium of common voles].
AB  - Circadian rhythms of mitoses were studied in the corneal epithelium of common
      voles in summer (n-155). It was found that the mean mitotic index in the day time
      was 3.65 +/- 1.04% for males and 4.75 +/- 1.10% for females. At night the mitotic
      index was 5.67 +/- 1.10% for males and 5.62 +/- 1.43% for females.

PMID- 3886041
TI  - [Calcitonin antibodies in experimental diabetes mellitus].
AB  - Antibodies to calcitonin appear in blood of rats with experimental alloxan
      diabetes. This phenomenon is observed only under high blood sugar. At the stage
      of latent diabetes, i.e. during alloxan administration to the body and low blood
      sugar no antibodies to calcitonin are detected. It is possible that appearance of
      autoantibodies to calcitonin is one of pathogenetic factors of hyperglycemia
      development in rats with alloxan diabetes.

PMID- 3886042
TI  - [Regulating effect of bone marrow cells on human T-lymphocyte function].
AB  - A study was made of the regulatory effect of human bone marrow cells in two
      experimental systems: lymphocyte proliferation in response to PHA, and
      spontaneous and PHA-induced production of macrophage migration inhibition factor
      (MIF) by peripheral blood lymphocytes. It was shown that bone marrow cells
      inhibit the proliferative activity of stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes and
      induced MIF production. The effect of bone marrow cells on spontaneous MIF
      production was found to be inconclusive.

PMID- 3886043
TI  - [Induction of T-cell producers of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor by
      the products of the K-, I- and D-regions of the H-2 complex in mice].
AB  - It has been demonstrated with the help of intravenous in-vivo immunization with
      irradiated splenocytes of A.AL anti-A.TL (difference at the K-region of H-2), A.
      TH anti-A. TL and A. TL anti-A. TH (difference at the I-region of H-2),
      C57BL/10Sn anti-B10.D2(R107) and B10.D2 (R107) anti-C57BL/10Sn (difference at the
      D-region of H-2) mice that T cells--MIF producers, induced at different times
      after induction of the alloimmune response, react to the products of the K- and I
      but not to those of the D-region of the H-2 complex.

PMID- 3886044
TI  - T-cell depletion of bone marrow does not inhibit in vitro hematopoiesis.
AB  - One approach to overcome the problem of histoincompatibility in bone marrow
      transplantation is to use T cell depleted marrow from a haploidentical donor in
      an attempt to ameliorate graft-versus-host disease. Since the T cell requirements
      for normal hematopoiesis are uncertain, experiments were performed to study the
      effects of E rosette-T cell depletion on in vitro growth of hematopoietic
      progenitor cells. Marrow mononuclear cells were cultured in a modified CFU-GEMM
      assay before and after T cell depletion. The number of 7 day granulocytic and
      erythrocytic colonies, and 14 day granulocytic, erythrocytic and mixed colonies
      were enumerated and expressed in terms of colonies per 10(5) non T cells plated.
      T cell depletion did not result in decreased proliferation of any of these
      progenitors save possibly for 14 day granulocytic colonies in one of four
      experiments. In two cases, T cell depletion resulted in increased growth of
      progenitor cells. Three of four patients transplanted with T cell depleted
      haploidentical marrow cells engrafted. It is concluded that E rosette depletion
      of T cells from marrow does not decrease the potential of these cells to
      establish hematopoiesis in vitro or in vivo.

PMID- 3886045
TI  - Laminin immunodetection in tumorous and nontumorous disorders of human thyroid.
AB  - Laminin distribution in tissues from surgically removed thyroids consisting in
      normal gland (5), Basedow's disease (5), thyroiditis (5), follicular adenomas
      (8), papillary carcinomas (8), follicular carcinomas (6) was studied using rabbit
      laminin antibody raised against murine laminin. Immunoperoxidase technique
      (Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex) was performed on (1) paraffin sections of
      fixed tissue (2) frozen sections for light microscopy examination. Vibratome
      thick sections (100 micron) and pre-embedding technique were used for electron
      microscopy study. Positive staining, was obtained only on frozen and vibratome
      sections and was found within basement membranes but never in epithelial cell
      cytoplasm. Laminin had a similar distribution in follicular adenomas, Basedow's
      disease and normal tissue. Nests of damaged cells in Hashimoto's thyroiditis
      lacked positive laminin immunostaining. In papillary carcinomas positive staining
      was found beneath the epithelial cells along the cores. In well differentiated
      follicular carcinomas the perifollicular laminin staining was preserved, whereas
      in poorly differentiated follicular carcinomas laminin staining was barely
      visible or absent.

PMID- 3886047
TI  - An unpublished letter from Marcello Malpighi. Annotated and translated.

PMID- 3886046
TI  - The Fielding H. Garrison lecture. From the old mortality pattern to the new:
      implications of a radical change from the sixteenth to the twentieth century.

PMID- 3886048
TI  - Medicine in New Spain. An essay review.

PMID- 3886049
TI  - Trotula, women's problems, and the professionalization of medicine in the Middle
      Ages.

PMID- 3886050
TI  - Bacterial physiology: the medical context.

PMID- 3886051
TI  - Strategies that led to the eradication of smallpox in Puerto Rico, 1882-1921.

PMID- 3886052
TI  - "Desirous of improvements in medicine": pupils and practitioners in the medical
      societies at Guy's and St. Bartholomew's Hospitals, 1795-1815.

PMID- 3886053
TI  - Patient education in historical perspective.

PMID- 3886054
TI  - Causes of hypoglycaemia.
AB  - Hypoglycaemia represents a disturbance in carbohydrate metabolism that threatens
      to deprive the brain of its principal fuel, and its physiological consequences
      are mediated almost exclusively by the CNS. Although some find the distinction
      pedantic, it is useful to reserve the term hypoglycaemia for this biochemical
      state, and neuroglycopenia for the clinical syndrome that results.

PMID- 3886055
TI  - Transcutaneous oxygen tension as an index of maturity in hypertrophic scars
      treated by compression.
AB  - Sixteen patients undergoing compression treatment for scar hypertrophy were
      included in a study to evaluate physical indices of scar maturity. The results
      show that while thermographic measurements of scar temperature were not
      clinically valuable, rising levels of transcutaneous oxygen tension in treated
      scars correlated well with a reduction in scar thickness assessed both clinically
      and by ultrasound. It is postulated that low levels of tcpO2 in immature scars
      result from low oxygen diffusibility through scar tissue rather than from rapid
      metabolic consumption of oxygen by scar tissue.

PMID- 3886056
TI  - Subungual malignant melanoma: a review article.

PMID- 3886057
TI  - The Manchester Unit.

PMID- 3886058
TI  - Landmarks in the anatomical study of the blood supply of the skin.
AB  - The description of fasciocutaneous flaps by Ponten (1981) and the extensive,
      continuing studies of Cormack and Lamberty (1984) have revived interest in the
      anatomical study of the blood supply of the skin. It is important to know the
      results and conclusions of previous investigators. The purpose of this paper is
      to indicate some of these past achievements.

PMID- 3886059
TI  - A manoeuvre to cover exposed metal using a de-epithelialised "turn-over"
      fasciocutaneous flap.
AB  - This paper describes a technical manoeuvre to accommodate an exposed metal
      implant used in the treatment of a fracture of the tibia within a "turn-over" de
      epithelialised fasciocutaneous flap. The need for such a procedure in this
      particular case is commented upon. A discussion is also included on the nature of
      the blood supply to the integument based on available information.

PMID- 3886060
TI  - Correction of prominent ears using Mustarde's technique: an out-patient procedure
      under local anaesthetic in children and adults.
AB  - Experience in correction of prominent ears as an out-patient procedure under
      local anaesthetic in 52 patients is described. Adults and children aged 9 and
      over are suitable for this form of treatment. A review of 44 patients has
      revealed 100% patient satisfaction and a low complication rate. Infection has
      occurred in two ears. An objective appraisal of the results is given.

PMID- 3886061
TI  - Long-term follow up of experimental microvascular grafts using Doppler
      ultrasound.
AB  - Non-directional Doppler ultrasound was used to determine patency in prosthetic
      microvascular grafts in 30 rats over 24 weeks. Examinations were carried out
      every two weeks and exploration and arteriography were used at intervals during
      the study to confirm the Doppler findings. Two rats died and were excluded from
      the study. Twenty-six grafts were patent at the time of examination and these
      were correctly assessed by the Doppler technique. However, only one of two
      occluded grafts was correctly identified. Our results suggest that while this
      technique is sensitive, its specificity is low, and graft exploration may still
      be required to confirm patency. Doppler ultrasound may prove a useful non
      invasive tool for long-term follow-up of experimental microvascular grafts if the
      false positive rate can be reduced by improved technique and further experience.

PMID- 3886062
TI  - The denial of the institution. A critical review of Franco Basaglia's writings.
AB  - The writings of Franco Basaglia are critically reviewed, both from a technical
      psychiatric point of view and from a general political and social one. Basaglia
      maintained that the causes of psychiatric disorder are essentially social in
      nature, and that the only valid treatments are political struggle and the revival
      of the patient's aggressiveness. Therefore, no institution can be therapeutic for
      the patient, since its aim must be his custody and violent destruction. These
      statements are considered in the light of the need for institutions which are a
      therapeutic alternative to the mental hospital. Basaglia's 'liberal' defence of
      the individual against society is analysed, in relation to the negative
      consequences that the Italian Law 180 of 1978 is having on the care of long-term
      psychiatric patients. This law 'forgot' such patients, as well as adversely
      affecting the treatment of acute patients, for whom an insufficient number of
      psychiatric beds was permitted in general hospitals. A revision is proposed of
      Law 180 that would make possible the setting up of alternative institutions to
      outdated mental hospitals, but at the same time allow a transformation of their
      old structures.

PMID- 3886063
TI  - Biological antagonism and epileptic psychosis.
AB  - The controversial literature about the biological antagonism between
      schizophrenia and epilepsy involves at least two areas of clinical interest.
      Firstly, it is frequently stated that convulsive treatment was introduced into
      psychiatry for the management of psychosis because of this antagonism, and
      secondly, it has a bearing on the topics of 'alternative psychosis' and 'forced
      normalisation', as reported in the epilepsy literature. In addition to these, the
      subject is of theoretical interest in its relationship to other biological
      antagonisms that may be found in nature, but closer examination of the literature
      suggests that some of the discussions and controversies surrounding this problem
      are based on assumptions that may be incorrect. One possible reason for this may
      be the fact that much of the original work was written in German, and we propose
      therefore to give a brief account of the origins of the theories, as derived from
      their original sources.

PMID- 3886064
TI  - Was insanity on the increase?

PMID- 3886065
TI  - Evaluation of obstructive uropathy in children. 99mTc-DTPA renography studies
      under conditions of maximal diuresis.
AB  - Renographic studies under standardised conditions of maximal diuresis provoked by
      hypotonic saline infusion and frusemide were used in 17 patients with dilatation
      of the upper urinary tract in order to distinguish between obstructed and non
      obstructed urinary tracts. Of the six patients who were obstructed on clinical
      and X-ray evidence only three showed an obstructed pattern on the renographic
      curves after maximal diuresis. After operation these three patients showed
      improvement in both renographic curve and functional images of the renal
      parenchyma. A new method of identifying the parenchymal area is described.

PMID- 3886066
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to detect A, B and H blood group isoantigens in superficial
      transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a means of predicting invasive
      recurrences.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies to A, B and H blood group isoantigens (BGI) have been used
      in an indirect immunoperoxidase technique to study the expression of BGI in both
      normal and malignant transitional epithelium in patients of all blood groups. BGI
      was detectable in all 15 biopsies of normal transitional epithelium and in 28 of
      50 (56%) stage pTa and pTl transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder (TCCB). In
      the tumours failing to express BGI there was a 55% invasive recurrence rate at 5
      years compared with 14% in those tumours expressing BGI. The difference was
      significant at the P less than 0.01 level. The recent availability of a
      monoclonal antibody to H isoantigen expressed in group O patients, in addition to
      monoclonal anti A and anti B, has made possible the inclusion of patients of all
      blood groups into a study using a standard immunoperoxidase technique without the
      need for specially processed biopsy material. The advantages of this technique
      compared with the earlier methods are discussed with reference to its possible
      role in identifying those patients at highest risk of developing invasive
      recurrence of their tumour.

PMID- 3886067
TI  - Ultrasonography, HIDA scintigraphy or both in the diagnosis of acute
      cholecystitis?
AB  - The benefit of early surgery for patients with acute cholecystitis is now
      accepted but rapid accurate pre-operative diagnosis is important and the single
      best investigation has not yet been clearly established. All 47 patients with
      suspected acute cholecystitis admitted to a district general hospital during a 6
      month period underwent ultrasonic examination and scintigraphy with HIDA within
      48 h of admission. In 23 patients acute cholecystitis was proven. Ultrasound
      correctly diagnosed this in 21 patients but in 2, changes attributed to chronic
      cholecystitis only were detected. Two false positive ultrasound results also
      occurred, one in a patient with adenomyomatosis and acute pancreatitis, the other
      in a case of duodenitis. HIDA scan was diagnostic in 19 patients but in the
      remaining 4 the presence of abnormal liver function tests accounted for non
      visualization of the biliary tree (a non-diagnostic result). In the absence of
      jaundice a HIDA scan is the more specific test for confirming acute
      cholecystitis.

PMID- 3886068
TI  - Suction drainage of the gallbladder bed does not prevent complications after
      cholecystectomy: a random control clinical trial.
AB  - Some surgeons drain the gallbladder bed routinely, some selectively and some not
      at all. We aimed to clarify this confusion by entering 155 consecutive patients
      undergoing emergency and elective cholecystectomy without exploration of the
      common bile duct into a random control clinical trial. In 78 patients a 3 mm
      suction drain was left in the gallbladder bed and in 77 the abdomen was closed
      without drainage. There were no withdrawals, one death (in the drainage group)
      from myocardial infarction and one intraperitoneal abscess complicating
      postoperative pancreatitis (in the no-drainage group). Other events studied were
      postoperative pyrexia, wound infection, respiratory tract infection and duration
      of hospital stay. In none of these did the two groups differ either clinically or
      statistically. We conclude that drainage or non-drainage of the gallbladder bed
      must remain a matter of individual preference.

PMID- 3886069
TI  - Chronic pilonidal disease: a randomized trial with a complete 3-year follow-up.
AB  - Three treatments for chronic pilonidal disease were compared in a randomized
      trial. Healing without formation of new sinuses occurred equally frequent after
      excision (E), excision with suture (E + S) and excision with suture under cover
      with clindamycin (E + S + C). The times of healing were significantly shorter
      after E + S (median 14 days, n = 29) than after E (64 days, n = 29) and tended to
      be even shorter after E + S + C (11 days, n = 30). Recurrence rates within 3
      years amounted to 13 per cent after E, 25 per cent after E + S and 19 per cent
      after E + S + C, but the total time of healing after initial surgery as well as
      excision of recurrences was significantly shorter after E + S than after E and
      tended to be even shorter after E + S + C.

PMID- 3886070
TI  - Neuron-specific enolase-like immunoreactivity in inner hair cells but not outer
      hair cells in the guinea pig organ of Corti.
AB  - Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has been localized only in neurons and cells with
      characteristics of neurons. The immunocytochemical localization of NSE was
      examined in guinea pig cochleae to determine if hair cells, which have some
      neuronal characteristics, would show NSE-like immunoreactive labeling. NSE-like
      immunoreactivity was seen in inner hair cells but not in outer hair cells. This
      is the first report of NSE-like immunoreactivity in a receptor cell. NSE-like
      immunoreactivity was also seen in efferent fibers and terminals and in both type
      I and type II spiral ganglion cells. The finding of NSE-like immunoreactivity in
      inner but not outer cells adds to the number of differences found between them
      and may be related to differences in function and action.

PMID- 3886071
TI  - Immunochemical identification of subgroups of vomeronasal nerve fibers and their
      segregated terminations in the accessory olfactory bulb.
AB  - Vomeronasal nerve (VNN) fibers and their terminations in the accessory olfactory
      bulb (AOB) were studied immunohistochemically using 3 monoclonal antibodies
      (MAbs). One MAb (R2D5) labeled all VNN fibers. Another MAb (R4B12) labeled a
      subgroup of the VNN fibers which terminated in the rostrolateral glomeruli in the
      AOB. The third MAb (R5A10) recognized a complementary subgroup of the VNN which
      terminated in the caudomedial portion of the AOB. These results for the first
      time show occurrence of subtypes in the VNN axons with segregated terminations in
      the AOB.

PMID- 3886072
TI  - The opioid octapeptide Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8: characterization and
      distribution in rat spinal cord.
AB  - The regional quantitation, immunohistochemical localization and molecular
      heterogeneity of Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 were examined in rat spinal cord
      with a specific radioimmunoassay. A rostrocaudal gradient in Met5-enkephalin-Arg6
      Gly7-Leu8 content was observed; the highest levels occurred in sacral cord.
      Dorsal cord content was higher than that of ventral cord at all spinal segments.
      Immunohistochemical staining supported and refined the latter observation: a
      dense network of perikarya and fibers was found in Laminae I and II of the dorsal
      horn. Cell bodies were frequently observed in lamina IV. Additional terminals
      were seen around the central canal and in the ventral gray matter, often
      outlining perikarya of motor neurons. Total Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8
      immunoreactivity could be fractionated into two main components using gel
      filtration chromatography. Nearly half of the total immuno-reactivity eluted as a
      high molecular weight peptide; the other half which co-eluted with Met5
      enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 was further identified to be authentic Met5-enkephalin
      Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 on reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. The present
      data, in conjunction with our previous study of Met5-enkephalin and Met5
      enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 indicates that all opioid peptides derived from
      preproenkephalin A are present in spinal cord and most likely are stored in the
      same neurons. Immunohistochemical localization of Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8
      in dorsal and ventral cord suggest a role for this peptide in both sensory and
      motor integration.

PMID- 3886073
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the
      area postrema of the cat. Light and electron microscopic study.
AB  - Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was demonstrated in the cytoplasm and
      processes of ependymal cells and astroglial components of the area postrema of
      the cat. These observations differ from the findings in the ependyma of the
      ventricular cavities which are consistently negative for the protein. Since some
      studies have suggested sensory functions of the glial cells in this emetic
      chemoreceptor trigger zone, a careful consideration of morphological and
      biochemical attributes of these cells seems appropriate.

PMID- 3886074
TI  - Role of the central muscarinic receptor of prostaglandin I2 in cardiovascular
      function in rat.
AB  - The effects of injection of prostaglandin (PG) I2 into the cerebral ventricle on
      cardiovascular responses and their modification by intracerebroventricular
      (i.c.v.) pretreatment with several drugs were studied in male Wistar rats under
      urethane anesthesia. When injected into the ventricle, PG I2 (50 nmol/kg) caused
      a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate which were of short
      duration and were significantly inhibited by i.c.v. pretreatment with drugs, such
      as atropine (0.4 mumol/kg) and diphenhydramine (1 mumol/kg), having an
      anticholinergic effect. The similar effects induced by intravenous (i.v.)
      injection of PG I2 (5 nmol/kg) were not inhibited by i.v. pretreatment with these
      drugs. These results suggest that PG I2 play a role in regulation of
      cardiovascular function through central muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.

PMID- 3886075
TI  - Plasticity of vasopressin- and oxytocin-containing fibers in the median eminence
      in hypophysectomized young and old mice.
AB  - Rearrangements of vasopressin- and oxytocin-containing fibers in the external
      layer of the median eminence after hypophysectomy were compared between young and
      old mice. In 3-month-old hypophysectomized mice, the increase in the number of
      fibers containing vasopressin was greater than that observed in 19-month-old
      hypophysectomized ones, suggesting a decrease in axonal plasticity in old mice.
      No difference with age was detected for the plasticity of fibers containing
      oxytocin.

PMID- 3886076
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of glutaminase-like and aspartate
      aminotransferase-like immunoreactivities in the rat and guinea pig hippocampus.
AB  - There is considerable evidence that pathways of the hippocampus use an excitatory
      amino acid as transmitter. We have attempted to immunocytochemically identify
      excitatory amino acid neurons in the hippocampus of the rat and guinea pig using
      antiserum to glutaminase and antiserum to aspartate aminotransferase, which have
      been proposed as markers for aspartergic/glutamergic neurons. Glutaminase-like
      immunoreactivity was seen in granule cells in the dentate gyrus and fibers and
      puncta associated with the mossy fiber pathway in the hilus and stratum lucidum
      of the hippocampus. At the ultrastructural level, glutaminase-like
      immunoreactivity was observed in mossy fiber terminals in the stratum lucidum.
      Glutaminase-like immunoreactivity was also seen in pyramidal cells in regio
      inferior and regio superior and in cells in layer two of the entorhinal cortex.
      Schaffer collateral terminals, commissural fiber terminals and perforant pathway
      terminals were not seen at the light microscopic level. Glutaminase-like
      immunoreactivity is thus found in the cell bodies of proposed excitatory amino
      acid neurons of hippocampal pathways, but does not appear to label all terminals.
      Aspartate aminotransferase-like immunoreactivity was not seen in any cells,
      fibers or terminals in the rat or guinea pig hippocampus.

PMID- 3886077
TI  - Immunohistochemistry of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the cat nucleus tractus
      solitarius.
AB  - Using a new antibody directed solely against the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
      molecule, distribution of GABA was studied in the nucleus tractus solitarii of
      the cat. Both immunoreactive puncta and cell bodies had a homogenous distribution
      within the nucleus. The one exception was in the parvocellular subdivision where
      very little immunoreactive puncta, but numerous immunoreactive cell bodies, were
      found. Results of this investigation provide immunohistochemical evidence of
      GABA's localization in an autonomic nucleus involved in cardiovascular
      regulation.

PMID- 3886078
TI  - Ultrastructural demonstration of L-glutamate decarboxylase and cysteinesulfinic
      acid decarboxylase in rat retina by immunocytochemistry.
AB  - The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesizing enzyme, L-glutamate decarboxylase
      (GAD), and the taurine synthesizing enzyme, cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase
      (CSAD) have been localized in rat retina at the ultrastructural level by indirect
      immunoelectron microscopy. GAD immunoreactivity (GAD-IR) was seen only in some
      amacrine cells and their terminals. CSAD immunoreactivity (CSAD-IR) was found in
      most retinal neuronal types and their processes including photoreceptor cells
      (rod and cone cells), bipolar cells, amacrine cells and ganglion cells. The GAD
      IR positive amacrine terminals have been found to make synaptic contact with
      other GAD-IR negative bipolar and amacrine terminals, and ganglion cell
      dendrites. Most of the GAD-IR positive terminals are presynaptic. Occasionally,
      GAD-IR positive amacrine terminals are postsynaptic to another amacrine terminal
      or ganglion cell body. In the inner plexiform layer, CSAD-IR positive amacrine
      terminals also make synaptic contacts with other nerve terminals, similar to that
      of GAD-IR positive amacrine terminals. In addition, CSAD-IR positive bipolar
      terminals make synaptic contact with some CSAD-IR positive as well as negative
      amacrine terminals. Both CSAD-IR positive amacrine and bipolar terminals are
      mostly presynaptic to other CSAD-IR negative terminals. In the outer plexiform
      layer, CSAD-IR was found to be associated with synaptic vesicles and the synaptic
      membrane in certain cone pedicles and rod spherules. It is concluded that only a
      fraction of amacrine cells in rat retina may use GABA as a neurotransmitter. The
      presence of CSAD-IR in some amacrine, bipolar, photoreceptor and ganglion cells
      in rat retina is compatible with the notion that taurine may play some important
      roles, such as those of neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in mammalian retina.

PMID- 3886080
TI  - Postnatal development of the endothelial system of the rat cerebellum using
      immunohistochemical techniques.
AB  - The development of the endothelial system of the rat cerebellum was studied by
      immunohistochemical techniques with two antibodies specific of two membrane
      antigens characteristic of 'mature' endothelial cells. It appears that the
      maturation of endothelial cells is very late in the rat cerebellum. This absence
      of a fully endothelial barrier in cerebella of young rats could explain the
      extreme sensitivity of this part of the central nervous system to various agents.

PMID- 3886079
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of chick retinal 24 kdalton protein (visinin) in
      various vertebrate retinae.
AB  - Antiserum against a protein (24,000 daltons, visinin) of chick retina has been
      provided for immunohistochemical study on the localization of visinin in chick
      retinae during development, as well as in various vertebrate retinae. The
      photoreceptor cells were stained with anti-visinin serum from 7th day embryonic
      retinae and its intensity was gradually increased with embryonic age. In
      addition, visinin-like immunoreactivity was found in some kinds of amacrine and
      displaced amacrine cells from 11th-day embryonic retinae. When human, cat, frog
      and carp retinae which contain both rods and cones were examined, staining of
      cone cells was clearly observed in the photoreceptor cell layer, but not in the
      rods. Furthermore visinin-like immunoreactivity was barely detectable in the
      photoreceptor cells of bovine, rat and mouse retinae containing mostly rod cells.
      These results suggest that visinin is mainly located in the cone cells in various
      vertebrate retinae and is a good marker for the cone cells.

PMID- 3886081
TI  - Multiple populations of neuropeptide-containing cells in cultures of the bovine
      adrenal medulla.
AB  - Cell populations containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), enkephalins,
      and catecholamines were identified in bovine adrenal medullary cultures by
      immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay. Addition of forskolin to the culture
      medium increased the cellular levels of both VIP and the enkephalins. These
      changes resulted from an increase in the number of VIP-positive cells and an
      increase in cellular enkephalin content.

PMID- 3886082
TI  - Transient expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in developing
      oligodendrocytes in vitro.
AB  - Expression of galactocerebroside (GC) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
      was studied in oligodendrocyte-enriched cultures of newborn mouse brains. In the
      cultures, GC was detectable as early as 1 day in vitro (1-DIV). Using double
      immunofluorescence labeling, some GC-positive cells were also stained
      homogeneously by the anti-GFAP serum. The intensity of GFAP staining increased
      until 9-DIV when the GC-positive cells revealed the typical morphology of
      oligodendrocytes, and the GFAP staining faded thereafter. The GFAP staining
      pattern of the GC-positive cells was not changed upon exposure to demecolcine,
      even though the GC-negative, GFAP-positive astrocytes showed perinuclear
      aggregation of GFAP. No intermediate filaments were observed in the
      oligodendrocytes by electron microscopy. The results suggest that the
      oligodendrocytes may have soluble GFAP in a certain period of early development.

PMID- 3886083
TI  - Immunocytochemical and radioautographic study of serotonin projections to
      cerebral ventricles of perinatal rats.
AB  - Anatomical relationships between serotoninergic (5-HT) fibers and cerebral
      ventricles were studied in rats from the 16th fetal day until the 9th postnatal
      day with immunocytochemistry and radioautography. In the last case, 5-HT neuronal
      elements were detected according to their specific uptake of intraventricularly
      injected [3H]5-HT. At the 16th fetal day, occasional 5-HT fibers first spread
      from the main place of their origin in the raphe nuclei to the dorsocaudal
      portion of the 3rd ventricle and aqueduct. Two days later, a more extensive
      network of 5-HT fibers appeared around the dorsal portion of the 3rd ventricle
      whereas fibers only rarely penetrated toward its ventral portion. By the 9th
      postnatal day, extensive networks of supraependymal fibers became noticeable in
      the lateral ventricles and in the dorsal portion of the 3rd ventricle. In
      addition, a number of 5-HT fibers surrounded the infundibular and preoptic
      recesses and sometimes penetrated to the ventricular cavity. The functional
      significance of hypothalamic and ventricular 5-HT as a modulator of either the
      growth and differentiation of the developing brain or of some specific
      neuroendocrine functions is discussed.

PMID- 3886084
TI  - A quantitative, immunochemical demonstration of the postnatal development of
      neurotensin in the medial preoptic area of the rat.
AB  - The postnatal ontogeny of neurotensin (NT) in the medial preoptic area (MPO) of
      the rat was quantitatively investigated using immunocytochemical and
      neurochemical techniques. On postpartum day 0, NT-like immunoreactive neurons
      could not be identified within the MPO by peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      histochemistry and, in fact, did not appear until 9 days postpartum. After this
      age, the number of NT cells in the MPO increased ontogenetically, as did
      concentrations of NT in MPO extracts measured by radioimmunoassay and enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay. In organotypic MPO explants derived from neonatal
      rats, NT-like immunoreactivity was detected only after the explants were
      maintained 14 days in vitro, after which, the number of NT-like immunoreactive
      somata increased as the time in vitro was extended. These findings indicate that
      a substantial amount of differentiation occurs postnatally in the MPO both in
      vivo and in vitro and, more specifically, that the ontogenetic expression of NT
      may be an intrinsic property of the MPO.

PMID- 3886085
TI  - Developmental expression of GD3 and polysialogangliosides in embryonic chicken
      nervous tissue reacting with monoclonal antiganglioside antibodies.
AB  - The appearance and developmental distribution of GD3 and polysialogangliosides
      was studied immunohistochemically by means of the monoclonal mouse antibodies
      AbR24 and Q211. Cryostat sections of chicken embryos from 1 to 5 days (E1-E5) of
      incubation (Hamburger and Hamilton, stages 9-26) were prepared. GD3, detected by
      AbR24, is expressed on E2 by proliferating neuroepithelial cells of all regions
      of the developing brain and spinal cord and by migrating neural crest cells. As
      development continues, GD3 drops to a much lower level in postmitotic neurons,
      but is still strongly expressed by cells of the mitotically active germinal
      zones. In non-neural tissues the antigen was found in much lower concentrations
      than in the neuroectoderm, with the exception of very early, heavily
      proliferating endodermal and mesodermal epithelia. In contrast, the antigen(s) of
      the monoclonal mouse antibody Q211, identified on TLC-plates in
      polysialoganglioside fractions, was found to be specific for central and
      peripheral derivatives of the neural ectoderm. In the CNS, these
      polysialogangliosides are absent in the proliferating neural epithelium and
      appear for the first time on cells of the developing peripheral mantle layers at
      E2.5 (stage 17). Sections from all brain areas, retina, optic stalk, spinal cord,
      and peripheral nerves and ganglia of later stages (E4-5) showed that the
      antigen(s) of Q211 is expressed by neuronal perikarya and cell processes. The
      data strongly suggest that the developmental appearance of these
      polysialogangliosides is synchronized with the withdrawal of proliferating
      precursor cells from the mitotic cycle and differentiation to neurons.

PMID- 3886086
TI  - Postnatal development of serotonin in adrenal medullary cells.
AB  - The ontogeny of serotonin in the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla in rats
      from 1 to 48 days of age was studied using immunocytochemical and biochemical
      methods. Using indirect antibody enzyme PAP method on glycol methacrylate
      embedded sections, serotonin-immunostaining was evident as distinct granules in
      medullary cells already at one day of age. Serotonin was present in cells prior
      to complete maturation as was evident by immunostaining in medullary cells which
      had not yet migrated into a central medulla and in mitotic cells. However, no
      immunostaining was observed in the chromaffin precursor cells which were evident
      through 8 days of age or in ganglion cells. A progressive increase in the number
      of immunoreactive cells and the amount of serotonin-immunostaining per cell was
      observed between 1 and 12 days of age. After 12 days of age the serotonin
      immunostaining appeared adultlike in distribution. Quantitative determination of
      the adrenal serotonin content by HPLC-EC substantiated the immunocytochemical
      observations. While serotonin was present at a concentration of approximately 10
      mumoles/kg adrenal weight, the total content increased progressively with age
      (1.24 +/- 0.01 X 10(-11) moles at one day to 10.00 +/- 1.00 X 10(-11) moles at 48
      days of age). Dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine were measured and also
      increase with age. In conclusion, like the catecholamines, serotonin is already
      present in adrenal medullary cells at day one neonatally and the indoleamine and
      catecholamines show essentially a parallel development.

PMID- 3886087
TI  - [The effect of starvation on the binding of insulin to membrane receptors in the
      fat cells of animals with different neonatal nutrition].

PMID- 3886088
TI  - Wordsworth. Presidential address to the Bristol Medico-Chirurgical Society, 10th
      October 1984.

PMID- 3886089
TI  - Anaerobic infections of burns.
AB  - From August 1980 to June 1982, 102 burn wound specimens taken from 34 patients
      were studied for anaerobic cultures. Fifteen instances (14.7 per cent) from 8
      patients were positive and altogether 12 species were found. The predominant
      anaerobes were Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Peptococcus, Bacteroides fragilis,
      and other strains of Bacteroides and Peptostreptococcus. They were mostly
      discovered in electric burn wounds and burn wounds affecting the perianal and
      oral areas. Wounds with anaerobic infection usually appeared gaseous, necrotic
      and ischaemic with foul odour. Nineteen blood samples from 10 burn patients were
      also studied for anaerobic cultures, and two were positive, one caused by
      Bacteroides and the other by mixed infection of Peptococcus and Serratia,
      indicating that the anaerobes played an important role in burn infections. It
      seems necessary to perform anaerobic culture studies in burn patients as a
      routine. A comparative study between anaerobic culture and indirect immuno
      fluorescence method was undertaken for Bact. fragilis and Bact. melaninogenicus
      in 47 burn wounds. It showed that the immunofluorescence method was a more rapid,
      simple, sensitive and specific diagnostic method.

PMID- 3886090
TI  - Electrical burn with visceral injury.
AB  - A 37-year-old female patient suffered high voltage electrical injury with
      resultant exit wound on the left quadrant of the abdomen measuring 15 X 10 cm2
      involving full thickness of the abdominal wall including the peritoneum. Early
      debridement and exploratory laparotomy was performed on the fifth post-burn day
      although the patient had no abdominal symptoms. All visceral organs were grossly
      normal. The peritoneum was closed and the wound covered with split thickness skin
      graft. On the twelfth post-burn day the anterior wall of the stomach sloughed and
      resulted in a 10 X 10 cm2 gastrocutaneous fistula. After 1 month of duodenostomy
      feeding via the fistula using a Foley catheter, the fistula was closed and was
      covered with greater omental flap and split thickness skin. Seventeen days later
      the patient was discharged following an uneventful recovery.

PMID- 3886091
TI  - Comparison of metaproterenol, isoetharine and salbutamol in the relief of
      methacholine-induced bronchospasm in dogs.
AB  - We evaluated cardiovascular effects and effectiveness of isoetharine,
      metaproterenol and salbutamol, when administered intratracheally to relieve
      methacholine-induced bronchospasm in dogs anaesthetized with 50 per cent nitrous
      oxide, oxygen, halothane and mechanically ventilated. Methacholine 2 micrograms X
      kg-1 X hour-1 was administrated first followed by halothane (1 MAC) for 30
      minutes (control), then metaproterenol, isoetharine or salbutamol. Metaproterenol
      (15 mg) significantly decreased transpulmonary pressure to 20.1 +/- 0.5 (SE) from
      22.5 +/- 1.15 cmH2O (p less than 0.025) after three min and to 15 +/- 0.5 cmH2O
      (p less than 0.005) after 90 min. Isoetharine (2.5 mg) decreased transpulmonary
      pressure after five min to 22.1 +/- 1 from 24.5 +/- 1.5 cmH2O (p less than 0.05),
      and to 21.75 +/- 0.55 mmH2O after 90 min. Salbutamol 25 micrograms X kg-1
      decreased transpulmonary pressure to 20.7 +/- 0.75 from 24.25 +/- 1.28 after
      three min and to 16 +/- .5 after 90 min. The peak effects on airway pressure
      occurred at 15 min for metaproterenol, 25 min for salbutamol and 20 min for
      isoetharine. Pulmonary vascular resistance was not significantly changed during
      halothane anaesthesia alone but decreased significantly after metaproterenol and
      isoetharine infusion. Heart rate increased ten per cent after metaproterenol,
      three per cent after isoetharine, and five per cent after salbutamol. No
      arrhythmias occurred in any group. Cardiac output increased significantly to 3.25
      +/- 0.2 from 1.5 +/- 0.17 L X min-1 (p less than 0.025) after metaproterenol to
      3.2 +/- .025 from 1.45 +/- .009 after salbutamol and was unchanged after
      isoetharine. Metaproterenol and salbutamol in the presence of 1 MAC halothane
      anaesthesia relieved methacholine-induced bronchospasm more rapidly than did
      isoetharine. The onset of effect was 3 +/- 0.05 min for metaproterenol and
      salbutamol and 5 +/- 0.01 min for isoetharine. The effect lasted 210 +/- 10.5 min
      for metaproterenol, 170 +/- 12.5 min for salbutamol and 90 +/- 4.75 min for
      isoetharine.

PMID- 3886092
TI  - Respiratory rhythm generation.

PMID- 3886094
TI  - Doppler crystal fixation with double-stick discs.

PMID- 3886093
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 3886095
TI  - Evaluation of two dental practice management programs.

PMID- 3886096
TI  - Be prepared for medical emergencies in the dental office.

PMID- 3886097
TI  - How to survive a seminar.

PMID- 3886098
TI  - The acid-etch bridge subsequent to the extraction of a traumatized maxillary
      permanent incisor.

PMID- 3886099
TI  - Treatment of dental caries monitored by microbial methods: report of two cases.

PMID- 3886100
TI  - [Flurbiprofen. A new anti-inflammatory analgesic].

PMID- 3886101
TI  - Polymerization ability of 15 visible light curing generators.

PMID- 3886102
TI  - Isolation of dissimilar components of the 8.5S nonactivated uterine progestin
      receptor.
AB  - Sucrose gradient analysis of the binding of our monoclonal antibody (secreted by
      cell line KN 382/ECl) to [17 alpha-methyl-3H] R5020-labeled rabbit uterine
      progestin receptors revealed that the antibody bound only to the 8.5S form (Kd =
      0.86 nM) and not to the 7S and smaller complexes. 125I-labeled antibody, on the
      other hand, bound to both the 8.5S complex and a component of dissociated
      receptor. Calculation of the relative mass (Mr) of the 125I-labeled
      immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)-protein complex indicated the addition of a 60 000 Mr
      peptide. Electrophoretic analysis of immunoaffinity purified receptor
      substantiated this by revealing two protein bands (Mr approximately equal to 92
      000 and Mr approximately equal to 59 000). Sequential washing of adsorbed
      receptor was accompanied by dissociation of the bound steroid and the Mr 92 000
      peptide. The Mr approximately equal to 59 000 peptide could only be completely
      eluted from the immunoadsorbent under denaturing conditions. Autofluorography of
      receptor complexes covalently bound with [17 alpha-methyl-3H]R5020 revealed two
      bands, one with a Mr approximately equal to 116 000 and the second with a Mr
      approximately equal to 90 000. Upon immunoprecipitation both peptides
      precipitated with the Mr approximately equal to 92 000 and Mr approximately equal
      to 59 000 peptides. Gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the Mr approximately
      equal to 92 000 peptide and the Mr approximately equal to 90 000 did not
      comigrate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3886103
TI  - Isolation, purification, and characterization of a peptide that contains the beta
      ketoacyl reductase, enoyl reductase, and beta-hydroxyacyl dehydrase activities of
      the pigeon liver fatty acid synthetase.
AB  - Controlled proteolytic cleavage of pigeon liver fatty acid synthetase with
      elastase (4% w/w) for 5 h yields two peptides that are designated II and IV.
      After 5 h of proteolysis the incubation mixture containing these peptides retains
      all of the component enzyme activities of the fatty acid synthetase complex. The
      two peptides are then separated by chromatography on an Affi-Gel Blue column. Gel
      filtration of the fraction containing peptide II yields a homogeneous peptide as
      shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of sodium
      dodecyl sulfate. The molecular weight of this peptide has been estimated to be
      130 000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, size
      exclusion chromatography, and amino acid analysis. The sedimentation coefficient
      for peptide II is approximately 7.4S. Peptide II contains the domains for the
      beta-ketoacyl and enoyl reductases and beta-hydroxyacyl dehydrase activities of
      the fatty acid synthetase complex.

PMID- 3886104
TI  - Chemical modification and hybrid enzyme formation as probes of the active site
      and subunit interactions in Escherichia coli succinyl-CoA synthetase.
AB  - Succinyl-CoA synthetase from Escherichia coli has an alpha 2 beta 2 subunit
      structure and is known to display half-of-the-sites reactivity with respect to
      its phosphorylation by ATP. The studies reported herein are a component of our
      attempts to rationalize the heterologous tetrameric structure in terms of
      catalytic function. The isolated refolded beta subunit interacts specifically
      with an affinity column of agarose-hexane-CoA, consistent with the idea that the
      CoA-binding subsite of the active center is located on the beta subunit. The
      enzyme is inactivated by phenylglyoxal according to biphasic kinetics; saturating
      levels of the substrates CoA and ATP, alone or in combination, give only partial
      protection against such inactivation. Treatment of the enzyme with the sulfhydryl
      reagent 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) resulted in rapid
      inactivation, accompanied by the reaction of three to four-SH groups per
      molecule; prolonged incubation with NBD-Cl eventually results in reaction of 16
      of the 24 sulfhydryl groups of the tetramer. Hybrid enzyme preparations have been
      constructed by refolding mixtures containing beta and various ratios of native
      and NBD-Cl-modified alpha subunits. The loss of activity associated with the
      incorporation of chemically modified alpha is not that predicted by a simple
      model based on binomial distribution, but is complex and consistent with the kind
      of intersubunit communication that may be expected for catalytic cooperativity
      between the two active sites of the enzyme molecule.

PMID- 3886105
TI  - Genetic polymorphism in populations of Akodon rodents.
AB  - By means of starch gel electrophoresis, 16-20 loci coding for enzymes and
      hemoglobin have been investigated in six population samples of Akodon dolores,
      captured in a single site of the Cordoba province (Argentina) during a 3-year
      period and in three samples of an Akodon azarae population. Proportion of
      polymorphic loci (P) ranged from 0.278 to 0.389 in A. dolores and from 0.166 to
      0.300 in A. azarae. Mean heterozygosity (H) ranged from 0.138 to 0.192 in A.
      dolores and from 0.099 to 0.118 in A. azarae. These values are very high compared
      with those reported for northern hemisphere rodent populations. The high value is
      remarkable since the loci sample is biased towards the less variable (group I)
      enzymes.

PMID- 3886106
TI  - Comparative titers of egg assay against immunofluorescent assay of Chlamydia
      psittaci.
AB  - A comparison of titers was made between an egg assay and a direct fluorescent
      antibody assay of three chlamydial strains propagated in Vero cells with and
      without cortisone plus cytochalasin B. The titer of NJ-1 strain was similar in
      the egg titration and the fluorescent antibody assay in the untreated sample and
      a little lower for the sample treated with cytochalasin B and cortisone. The SCT
      and CDC strains had approximately the same titers in the egg titration and the
      fluorescent antibody assay for samples with and without the antimetabolites.

PMID- 3886107
TI  - Chemotaxis of porcine neutrophils under agarose.
AB  - The standardization of pig neutrophil chemotaxis under agarose is described. The
      mean chemotactic index for pig neutrophils from six pigs measured over four days
      was 1.29. Comparative studies of human and pig neutrophil chemotaxis under
      agarose revealed a lower chemotactic index for pig neutrophils (mean of 1.18)
      compared to human neutrophils (mean of 2.43). The results suggest that this is
      due to differences intrinsic to human and pig neutrophils. In vitro pig
      neutrophil chemotaxis was measured in normal pigs and in pigs following
      experimental Salmonella typhimurium infection. Significant alterations in
      chemotaxis were not evident one and seven days postinfection.

PMID- 3886108
TI  - Superiority of the ELISA technique over parasitological methods for detection of
      trichinellosis in slaughtered pigs in Canada.
AB  - Trichinoscopic examination, pepsin-hydrogen chloride digestion and the ELISA
      assay were used in an epidemiological survey for the presence of Trichinella
      spiralis in slaughterhouse pigs over a period of 12 months. The first two methods
      failed to detect any cases of trichinellosis in sows aged between two to three
      years. The ELISA assay, however, detected a 2.5% prevalence amongst the 2046
      blood specimens tested. Foci of T. spiralis are localized in certain regions
      only. The discrepancy between the results obtained is likely to be due to the low
      infection density, undetectable by conventional methods. It is postulated that
      pigs which are not confined indoors came in contact with the sylvatic strain of
      Trichinella which is known for low muscle invasiveness.

PMID- 3886110
TI  - Mechanisms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and prostaglandin action on luteal
      cells.
AB  - Both gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2
      alpha) can inhibit cAMP and progesterone production in the corpus luteum;
      however, their mechanism of action is not known. GnRH or PGF2 alpha causes a
      rapid and marked increase of labelling of phosphatidylinositol (PI) and
      phosphatidic acid (PA) in rat luteal cells in culture. The incorporation of
      radioactivity is increased as early as 2 and 5 min into PA and PI, respectively.
      The labelling of the other phospholipids is not affected. GnRH and PGF2 alpha
      exert their stimulatory effects on PA-PI turnover at a mean effective dose value
      of ca. 15 and 100 nM, respectively. Their effects appeared to be additive when
      both agents were present in the same incubations. Interestingly, addition of the
      calcium ionophore A23187 also causes a dramatic increase of PA-PI turnover in
      luteal cells. By contrast, human chorionic gonadotropin and isoproterenol, agents
      that stimulate cAMP and progesterone production in luteal cells, as well as PGE2
      (1 microM), all fail to alter phospholipid labelling; dibutyryl or 8-bromo-cAMP
      (2-5 mM) actually attentuates the GnRH or PGF2 alpha effect on PI and PA. A very
      similar PA-PI response to GnRH and PGF2 alpha has also been observed using rat
      granulosa cells in culture. It seems that following their binding to membrane
      receptors, GnRH and PGF2 alpha may share a common mechanism in the ovarian cell,
      possibly involving the stimulation of PA-PI metabolism.

PMID- 3886109
TI  - Enterotoxin plasmids in bovine and porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli of O
      groups 9, 20, 64 and 101.
AB  - Fourteen strains of Escherichia coli of serogroups characteristic of porcine
      class 2 enterotoxigenic E. coli isolated from pigs or calves were selected for
      genetic studies. The strains were examined for their ability to cotransfer a
      number of plasmid-mediated properties during conjugation with E. coli K-12. These
      properties were antibiotic resistance, and the production of heat-stable
      enterotoxin, the K99 antigen and colicin and the ability to ferment raffinose.
      Distinction was made between the two types of heat-stable enterotoxin, STa and
      STb. All 14 strains were antibiotic resistant and 11 of them cotransferred
      antibiotic resistance and heat-stable enterotoxin. One strain which transferred
      heat-stable enterotoxin also transferred the raffinose gene. Among six K99
      positive strains which transferred heat-stable enterotoxin, five always
      cotransferred K99. Three strains had 100% cotransfer of colicin as well as heat
      stable enterotoxin and K99. Drug resistance determinants were cotransferred at
      high frequency with heat-stable enterotoxin for six of eight multiple drug
      resistant enterotoxigenic E. coli. A 100% cotransfer of combinations of heat
      stable enterotoxin, K99, colicin and antibiotic resistance was often associated
      with a single plasmid band on agarose gel electrophoresis. For some strains, the
      genes for STa and STb were on the same plasmid and for others they were on
      separate plasmids. The enterotoxin plasmids ranged in size from 5.2 to 85 Mdal.
      Heterogeneity in molecular size occurred among enterotoxin plasmids in E. coli of
      the same serogroup and recovered from the same animal host species.

PMID- 3886111
TI  - Histopathological evidence for protective immunity induced by sonicated
      Salmonella vaccine.
AB  - The highly susceptible inbred C3H/HeNMTV mice were vaccinated with fragments
      derived from sonicated Salmonella typhimurium and then infected with the
      pathogen. All of the vaccinated mice survived an otherwise rapidly fatal
      challenge of 10(5) organisms, i.e., greater than 10(3) x mean lethal dose (LD50).
      The vaccine also protected two-thirds of the mice infected with 10(6) bacteria
      and extended the survival time of the remainder in their fatal disease.
      Histopathological findings showed that, like the control mice, the vaccinated and
      infected mice developed abscesses with infiltration of polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes in the organs of the reticuloendothelial system during the early stage
      of the infection. However, unlike the primary lesions in the control mice, the
      lesions of the vaccinated mice tended to be discrete and self-limiting. They
      began to transform into granulomas after the first week of infection. Recovery
      and regeneration of tissues were evident 3 weeks after the infection.

PMID- 3886112
TI  - Detection and functional characterization of early appearing antibodies in
      rabbits with experimental syphilis.
AB  - Following testicular infection of rabbits with Treponema pallidum, different
      antibodies become detectable initially at the time of healing. Experiments were
      performed to determine a functional role for these antibodies. Rabbits were
      sacrificed after 4-8 days. Treponemal numbers steadily increased for 10-12 days.
      Thereafter, host defenses were sufficiently stimulated to begin clearing the
      organisms. Antibodies in serum and antibodies localized at the site of infection
      were quantitated using radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA) techniques. Anti-treponemal IgG was detected as early as day 4.
      Quantities of antibody correspondingly increased with time following infection.
      Treponema pallidum was harvested 7 and 14 days postinfection and tested for
      surface antibodies. With increasing days postinfection, more antibody was found
      on the organisms. Two functional properties of these antibodies were shown. Sera
      from 24 of 45 rabbits infected for 14 days immobilized T. pallidum in the
      presence of complement and 14-day sera blocked the attachment of T. pallidum to
      tissue culture cells. We suggest that antibody-mediated, complement-dependent
      immobilization of T. pallidum and blockage of attachment are at least partially
      responsible for healing of testicular lesions.

PMID- 3886113
TI  - Ultrastructure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain AG1-7 and its responses to
      changes in environment.
AB  - Asynchronous populations of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain AG1
      7 were examined by freeze-fracture electron microscopy for ultrastructural
      changes occurring in response to changes in the environment, specifically the
      following: temperature (23 or 37 degrees C); cell density (exponential, early
      stationary, and stationary phases); various periods of nitrogen starvation at low
      cell density, and return of nitrogen-starved cells to nitrogen-replete medium.
      This information has been gathered in preparation for ultrastructural examination
      of comparable responses of temperature-sensitive cell-cycle mutants. The plasma
      membrane was found to be particularly responsive to changes in environment. A
      high proportion (75%) of cells in exponential phase populations at 37 degrees C
      displayed paracrystalline arrays of plasma membrane particles, whereas this
      proportion was much lower (20%) at 23 degrees C in the same medium; plasma
      membrane grooves were longer at 37 than at 23 degrees C. In budded cells, the
      mother cell displayed paracrystalline arrays more frequently than the bud. Entry
      of cells into stationary phase, either through permitting population growth or by
      limiting nitrogen supply, resulted in increases in numbers of paracrystalline
      arrays and grooves. Groove depth also increased. The paracrystalline-array and
      groove-density responses were independent, both during entry into stationary
      phase and during the subsequent lag phase. Unusual groove forms appeared during
      stationary phase in high cell density populations, but not in low cell density
      nitrogen-starved populations. "Aggregate" and "geometric" tonoplast forms,
      previously described in strain A364A when grown under some of the conditions used
      here, were not found in AG1-7 under any of the conditions used here. It was
      demonstrated that particle-free patches can arise rapidly on the tonoplast of AG1
      7 in response to temperature change from 37 to 23 degrees C. During stationary
      phase, spherosomes (lipid droplets) increased in size, particularly in response
      to nitrogen depletion. After 72 h of nitrogen starvation, about 10% of cell
      volume consisted of spherosomes. Changes in vacuolar content and mitochondrial
      form were also noted during entry into stationary phase.

PMID- 3886114
TI  - Effect of ammonium on chloramphenicol production by Streptomyces venezuelae in
      batch and continuous cultures.
AB  - Cultures of Streptomyces venezuelae presented with a mixture of ammonium and an
      amino acid as nitrogen sources used both compounds together. Absence of ammonium
      repression of alternative nitrogen assimilation pathways was also observed when
      ammonium was added to cultures already growing on proline. The presence of
      ammonium in the medium ab initio depressed the yield of chloramphenicol. However,
      its addition to a culture growing on proline caused only a temporary inhibition
      of antibiotic synthesis, even when sufficient ammonium was added to create an
      excess. Continuous cultures supplied with ammonium as the growth-limiting
      nutrient showed no significant change in specific antibiotic production at
      different specific growth rates. The overall results indicate that in S.
      venezuelae neither nitrogen utilization pathways nor chloramphenicol biosynthesis
      is controlled by nitrogen repression.

PMID- 3886115
TI  - Effect of homogenization procedures on Escherichia coli counts in naturally
      contaminated cheese.
AB  - A comparison was made between blending in 2% sodium citrate and stomaching in
      0.1% peptone or 0.1% peptone - 1% Tween 80 for the enumeration of Escherichia
      coli in naturally contaminated cheeses. Statistical analysis of the results from
      25 samples of cheese showed that there were no significant differences in
      recovery by the three methods at the 95% confidence level.

PMID- 3886116
TI  - Late asthmatic responses: inquiry into mechanisms and significance.
AB  - Late asthmatic responses are common, simulate a chronic phase of asthma, and are
      associated with an influx of inflammatory cells. The precise sequence of events
      leading to late inflammatory responses and increased hyperresponsiveness of the
      airways is uncertain, but likely begins with the triggering of mediator release
      from local (luminal or interstitial) mast cells or, conceivably, alveolar
      macrophages. Consequent influx and activation of granulocytes, including
      eosinophils and neutrophils, possibly T lymphocytes, basophils, and platelets,
      and subsequently later-arriving monocytes and macrophages, may be responsible for
      a continuing inflammatory reaction, airways hyperresponsiveness, and continuing
      active bronchial asthma. Identification of the relative importance of responsible
      cells and mediators will help clarify pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and should
      lead to a better understanding and design of therapeutic regimens and preventive
      measures in the management of this common and important disease.

PMID- 3886117
TI  - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.

PMID- 3886118
TI  - Bronchoalveolar T lymphocytes and pulmonary sarcoidosis.
AB  - In recent years, our understanding of the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis has
      markedly changed. Originally, it was felt that sarcoidosis was a disease that was
      caused by a state of anergy. More recent studies suggest that sarcoidosis is not
      a disease of anergy but is mediated by a classic, heightened cellular immune
      process. It is hoped that additional studies utilizing inflammatory and immune
      effector cells obtained from sites of disease will further elucidate the
      pathogenic mechanisms leading to granuloma formation in patients with
      sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3886119
TI  - The inorganic dust pneumoconioses.
AB  - Collectively, the pneumoconioses represent a spectrum of pulmonary diseases
      initiated by inorganic dust exposure. Although multiple humoral and cellular
      immune alterations have been demonstrated in these interstitial and commonly
      fibrotic lung diseases, the exact role of immune changes in disease pathogenesis
      presently is undefined. Insight into disease mechanisms may have to await the
      careful characterization of suitable animal models, along with analysis of local,
      human bronchopulmonary immune responses through the vehicle of bronchoalveolar
      lavage.

PMID- 3886121
TI  - Fundamental studies with cisplatin.

PMID- 3886120
TI  - Pulmonary manifestations of the rheumatic diseases.
AB  - The collagen vascular diseases represent a heterogeneous group of multisystem
      disorders with a wide range of clinicopathologic features. Although these
      diseases represent distinct clinical entities, a great deal of overlap exists
      between them. For example, the diffuse interstitial fibrosis of SLE, RA, DM-PM,
      PSS, and MCTD are indistinguishable clinically, radiographically, and
      histologically. Conversely, the pulmonary manifestations of the various
      vasculitides all differ significantly from each other in their clinicopathologic
      presentation, as well as in their response to therapy. For diagnostic purposes,
      histologic evidence will usually be required for the pulmonary manifestations of
      the rheumatic diseases. Therapy must then be individualized for each of these
      entities, as the protocol and response are variable.

PMID- 3886123
TI  - Expression of Ca antigen on human urinary bladder tumors.
AB  - Flow cytometric measurements of Ca antigen (Ca) visualized by immunofluorescence
      with Ca1 monoclonal antibody (Ca1) were performed on cells from 26 urinary
      bladder carcinomas of various histologic grades and DNA ploidy and on 6 samples
      of morphologically normal urothelium. In normal urothelium and in the 14 diploid
      tumors the proportion of positively staining cells was low and the differences
      were not statistically significant. A significant increase in the proportion of
      fluorescent cells was observed in all but one of the 12 aneuploid tumors. Among
      the 11 tumors with an increased proportion of positive cells, 7 were invasive.
      Data recorded in this study suggest that the quantitation of Ca1 fluorescence
      corresponding to the presence of Ca may prove to be helpful in the evaluation of
      clinical behavior of bladder tumors.

PMID- 3886122
TI  - Interim analysis of a phase III study on preoperative radiation therapy in
      resectable rectal carcinoma. Trial of the Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer
      Cooperative Group of the European Organization for Research on Treatment of
      Cancer (EORTC).
AB  - To improve surgical results of potentially operable rectal cancer (T2, T3, T4,
      Mo), the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)
      conducted a two-arm randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effect of
      administering radiotherapy before radical surgery. Four hundred ten patients were
      allocated to be treated either by surgery alone or by 34.5 Gy of radiotherapy (in
      19 days overall) followed by surgery. The tolerance of the adjuvant radiation
      therapy was fairly good. The 5-year survival rate was 65% overall and showed no
      difference between both therapeutic regimens. Similarly, the metastases-free rate
      was the same in both groups. In contrast, the preoperative radiation therapy
      showed a marked effect on local control of the disease, the comparison of the
      time to local recurrence being highly significant between the two treatment
      groups (P = 0.001). The proportion of patients free of local recurrence at 5
      years was 85% in the combined treatment versus 65% in the group of patients
      treated by surgery alone.

PMID- 3886124
TI  - Serum beta 2 microglobulin in malignant lymphoproliferative disorders.
AB  - Serum beta-2-microglobulin (S-beta 2M) was measured at diagnosis in 44 patients
      with lymphocytic leukemias and 47 with malignant lymphomas. Among patients with
      chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) S-beta 2M was raised (greater than 3 mg/l) in
      74% and in 23.5% of those with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The
      frequencies for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin's disease (HD) were
      59.2% and 40%, respectively. In CLL patients high serum values correlated with
      large tumor mass, as estimated by Rai's clinical criteria (P less than 0.001), by
      total peripheral lymphocytes (r = 0.41, P less than 0.05) and by the percentage
      of bone marrow infiltration of the lymphocytes (P less than 0.01). A significant
      relation was also found in CLL patients between S-beta 2M level and survival (P
      less than 0.05). In ALL no association was found between S-beta 2M level with
      peripheral lymphoblast concentration, French-American-British (FAB)
      subclassification, splenomegaly, and survival. In NHL patients a significant
      association was found between S-beta 2M levels and stage of disease (P less than
      0.01) and an obscure relation (P less than 0.1) with the presence of lymph nodes
      greater than 3 cm in diameter, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. No significant
      association was found between S-beta 2M level and histologic subtypes, presence
      of B symptoms, bone marrow involvement, and survival. In HD patients a
      significant association was found between the level of S-beta 2M and stage of
      disease (P less than 0.05) and presence of splenomegaly (P less than 0.05). No
      association was found between S-beta 2M level and histologic subtypes, lymph
      nodes greater than 3 cm in diameter, bone marrow involvement, and B symptoms. A
      significant relation was found between S-beta 2M level and survival in HD
      patients with widespread disease (P less than .025).

PMID- 3886125
TI  - A distinctive cutaneous malignant neoplasm expressing the Langerhans cell
      phenotype. Synchronous occurrence with B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - The authors describe a 63-year-old woman who developed a histologically
      distinctive malignant cutaneous neoplasm composed of large pleomorphic cells with
      abundant cytoplasm and multilobate, often clefted nuclei that occasionally
      contained small nucleoli. This neoplastic cell population metastasized to a
      regional lymph node already involved by a B-cell derived chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia expressing surface IgMk, BA-1, and OKT1. The large metastatic tumor
      cells lacked surface immunoglobulin, B-lymphocyte associated antigen BA-1, T
      lymphocyte associated antigens OKT1 and OKT3, and the monocyte/macrophage markers
      lysozyme and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. These tumor cells expressed HLA-DR
      antigens, adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), OKT6, and contained S-100 protein,
      i.e., they expressed the phenotype peculiar to epidermal Langerhans cells. The
      typical clinical and histologic features of Histiocytosis X were absent. Thus,
      this case appears to represent a distinctive cutaneous neoplasm composed entirely
      of malignant cells of dendritic cell origin which, by immunophenotypic and
      histochemical analysis, appear to be related to epidermal Langerhans cells.

PMID- 3886127
TI  - A role of estrogens and insulin binding in the dietary lipid alteration of
      R3230AC mammary carcinoma growth in rats.
AB  - The importance of estrogens in the dietary lipid alteration of R3230AC mammary
      carcinoma growth and insulin binding was studied. Animals were divided into three
      groups [intact, ovariectomized, and ovariectomized treated with estradiol
      valerate (EV)] and were fed diets containing either 0% fat (fat free), 0.5% corn
      oil (low fat), or 20% corn oil (high fat). An alteration of tumor burden between
      animals fed high-fat versus either low-fat or fat-free diets was observed and
      appeared to be influenced by the estrogen status of the animal. The difference in
      tumor burden attributed to dietary lipid seen in intact rats was less in
      ovariectomized rats and greater in ovariectomized rats treated with EV, despite
      the fact that absolute tumor burden was reduced by this treatment. A similar
      relationship was observed for dietary lipid-induced differences in insulin
      binding to plasma membranes from these tumors. Reduction of tumor growth
      resulting from estrogen treatment was greater in low-fat- and fat-free-fed
      animals than in high-fat-fed rats. Again, tumor growth behavior appeared to be
      related to the reduction of insulin binding induced by estrogen treatment;
      insulin binding to plasma membranes from animals fed a low unsaturated lipid diet
      was decreased to a greater extent by EV treatment than in membranes from high-fat
      fed rats. Altered tumor growth and membrane insulin binding, resulting from
      dietary perturbations and/or EV treatment, were not invariably related to serum
      insulin levels, nor to differences in membrane preparation, as reflected by 5'
      nucleotidase activity, nor to membrane fatty acid composition or uptake of
      proline. Taken together, these results suggest a potential role of estrogens and
      insulin receptors as mediators of the dietary lipid alterations of growth of the
      R3230AC mammary carcinoma.

PMID- 3886126
TI  - Inhibition of growth and metastasis of syngeneic transplantable tumours by an
      aromatic retinoic acid analogue. 2. T cell dependence of retinoid effects in
      vivo.
AB  - An aromatic retinoic acid analogue (Ro 10-9359) previously shown to be capable of
      inhibiting the growth and metastasis of immunogenic sarcomas and carcinomas (see
      accompanying paper) was tested for its anti-tumour effects in various categories
      of immune-deprived mice. 'Non-specific' immunosuppression evoked by sub-lethal
      whole-body X-irradiation abolished the inhibition of tumour growth induced by Ro
      10-9359 in immunocompetent syngeneic hosts. Also, retinoid treatment of three
      categories of T-lymphocyte-deprived mice (nu/nu; thymectomized-irradiated; and
      cyclosporin A-treated) was ineffective in reducing the local growth rate or
      inhibiting spontaneous metastasis of their tumours; in fact, regardless of
      retinoid treatment the tumours grew faster and metastasized more widely in
      immunosuppressed animals than in controls. Silica and carrageenan (which are
      toxic to mononuclear phagocytes) did not interfere with the inhibitory effects of
      Ro 10-9359 on tumour growth, and did not themselves potentiate metastasis;
      however, both agents prevented the abolition of DM6 carcinoma metastasis by
      retinoids. APD, which inhibits the 'accessory cell' function of macrophages did
      not reduce the effectiveness of Ro 10-9359 against local tumours. However, in
      contrast to silica and carrageenan this agent did increase the incidence of
      metastasis of DM6 carcinoma from 40% to 60%, but in the presence of retinoids
      only 20% of mice succumbed to secondary disease. These results suggest an
      essential role for T lymphocytes in retinoid-induced local tumour growth
      inhibition, and a further contribution of mononuclear phagocytes to the
      prevention of metastatic disease.

PMID- 3886129
TI  - Alterations in expression and synthesis of glycolipid antigens in human colonic
      tumor cell lines.
AB  - Incubation of human intestinal SW1116 tumor cells in serum-free medium containing
      butyric acid reduced their capacity to synthesize gastrointestinal carcinoma
      associated (GICA) glycolipid antigen 4- to 8-fold as determined by a
      radioimmunobinding assay using anti-GICA monoclonal antibody:high-performance
      thin-layer chromatography; autoradiography; and densitometry. The structure of
      GICA has been described as a sialylated Lea glycolipid (J. L. Magnani, B.
      Nilsson, M. Brockhaus, D. Zopf, Z. Steplewski, A. Koprowski, and V. Ginsburg. J.
      Biol. Chem., 257: 14365-14369, 1982). Tritiated fucose incorporation into GICA
      was reduced per cell (7-fold), per mg protein (5-fold), and per mg lipid (4
      fold). A purified organically soluble glycolipid fraction from control SW1116
      cells contained more Lewis antigen than did butyrate-treated cells as determined
      by the high-performance thin-layer chromatography radioimmunobinding assay.
      Incorporation of radioactivity from [3H]fucose and guanosine diphosphate
      [14C]fucose into Lewis antigens in butyrate-treated cells was 2- to 3-fold lower
      than in control cells. HT29 cells carry the blood type of the original donor,
      Blood Group A. Isotope incorporation into A glycolipid antigen was reduced 2- to
      8-fold upon exposure to butyrate. Commensurate with these results was a dramatic
      reduction in cell population-doubling rate. We propose that synthesis of these
      fucolipid antigens is associated more with dividing, undifferentiated tumor cell
      populations. The diminution in antigen levels may derive from diminished cells'
      capacity for fucosylation in the presence of butyrate.

PMID- 3886128
TI  - Response of nude mouse-grown human urothelial cancer to cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum(II), diammine[1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2-)-O,O'
      platinum], and mitoguazone dihydrochloride.
AB  - A comparative study of the effect of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)
      (cisplatin), diammine[1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2-)-O,O'-platinum]
      (carboplatin), and mitoguazone dihydrochloride on urothelial cancer was conducted
      using transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder grown in the nude
      mouse. Tumors SW-780 and TCC-K1 represented transitional cell carcinoma, Grade
      II, whereas Tumor PR49 represented a fast-growing Grade III neoplasm. Of the
      agents studied, cisplatin was most effective, resulting in tumor response related
      to the dose administered. Response to carboplatin was clearly related to
      treatment schedule. For the same amount of total dose administered, better
      results were obtained when treatment was given three times weekly instead of once
      every week. Furthermore, cisplatin was more effective against the less
      differentiated PR49 tumor in contrast to carboplatin, which showed more activity
      against the better differentiated SW-780 and TCC-K1 tumors. None of the tumors
      tested responded to mitoguazone dihydrochloride. The results of the present study
      may assist in formulating better treatment modalities against urothelial cancer,
      taking into account factors such as tumor grade, growth rate, treatment schedule,
      and the patient's tolerance which may ultimately influence tumor response.

PMID- 3886130
TI  - Secretion of a cysteine proteinase from a hormone-independent cell population of
      cultured explants of murine mammary gland.
AB  - Cultured explants of mouse mammary gland were investigated for their capacity to
      secrete a cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase. This enzyme had been shown
      previously to be secreted excessively from cultured explants of human breast
      tumors and spontaneous mouse mammary carcinomas. We now show that secretion is
      also observed from cultured explants of mammary gland. Lactating tissue and
      tissues obtained from mid- and late-pregnant mice were found to secrete the
      cysteine proteinase at very high rates, but secretion was also detectable from
      explants of virgin mammary glands and from tissues obtained from retired
      breeders. However, in all cases, it was found that secretion was greatest from
      explants maintained in hormone-free medium and did not depend on the maintenance
      of normal mammary gland function. Secretion was greatly reduced in the presence
      of the lactogenic hormone combination of insulin, prolactin, and hydrocortisone,
      and this suppression was found to be due to hydrocortisone. Insulin and
      prolactin, while resulting in better tissue maintenance in culture, had no effect
      on the secretion. Enzyme release was reversibly inhibited by cycloheximide and
      required the presence of viable tissue, ruling out the possibility that the
      accumulation of enzyme activity in the culture medium is due to dying cells. The
      presence of metabolically active cells in explants cultured in the absence of
      hormones was also demonstrated by the incorporation of radiolabeled precursors
      into protein and DNA. DNA synthesis in cultured explants of lactating tissue was
      not stimulated by the addition of hormones. Histological studies revealed that,
      while large areas of the explants showed severe degeneration after culture
      without added hormones, clusters of cells persisted which displayed a relatively
      high mitotic activity and which showed a lack of normal epithelial organization.
      These observations suggest the presence of a hormone-independent cell population
      in the mammary gland, which secretes the stable cysteine proteinase. The
      secretion process itself, however, is inhibited by corticosteroids.

PMID- 3886131
TI  - Characterization of a cysteine proteinase secreted by mouse mammary gland.
AB  - The cysteine proteinase activity secreted by cultured mammary gland was
      characterized to determine its relationship to a similar enzyme secreted by
      explants of mouse mammary tumors. Enzymic characterization showed that the
      secreted enzyme was similar to the lysosomal cysteine proteinase cathepsin B, and
      physical characterization showed properties identical to a stable cysteine
      proteinase secreted from mammary tumors reported previously. The secreted enzyme
      cross-reacted with mouse cathepsin B isolated from liver in a radioimmunoassay.
      The secreted enzymes are stable at alkaline pH, but irreversible conformational
      changes can be induced in vitro which render them unstable and thus similar to
      lysosomal cathepsin B, which is also unstable at alkaline pH. Tissue homogenates
      from fresh and cultured mammary gland contain mainly pH-unstable cathepsin B;
      however, the molecular size for the tissue cathepsin B, while smaller than that
      of the secreted enzymes, was found to be larger than that reported for mouse
      liver cathepsin B. Isoelectric focusing profiles were also slightly different as
      compared to those of mouse liver. These data suggest that there might be
      differences in the processing of cathepsin B between different tissues and
      organs, and the high degree of similarity between the forms of cathepsin B
      secreted from mouse mammary tumors, mouse mammary gland, and human malignant
      breast tumors suggests a similar mechanism for their extracellular release in
      these tissues.

PMID- 3886132
TI  - Aberrant glycosylation in cancer cell membranes as focused on glycolipids:
      overview and perspectives.

PMID- 3886133
TI  - Layer on layer: the Bruce F. Cain memorial Award lecture.

PMID- 3886134
TI  - Quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the estrogen-regulated Mr
      24,000 protein in human breast tumors: correlation with estrogen and progesterone
      receptors.
AB  - A competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay has been developed to quantitate the Mr
      24,000 estrogen-regulated protein (p24) in human breast tumors and tumor cell
      lines. The concentration of monoclonal antibody used to coat polystyrene
      microtiter assay plates was critical in optimizing assay sensitivity versus
      precision and demonstrated marked differences between plate types. Analysis of
      114 human breast tumor cytosols revealed a 4-log range in p24 concentration with
      a median value of 1 microgram/mg cytosol protein. The abundance of p24 in breast
      tumors in vivo is therefore similar to that observed previously in hormone
      responsive breast tumor cells in vitro. Elevated expression of p24 in these
      specimens was found to correlate well with presence of estrogen and progesterone
      receptors (P = 0.0002 by Pearson chi 2 analysis) with the correlation coming
      primarily through estrogen receptor. This result was confirmed by immunoblot
      analysis of p24 in 76 additional tumor cytosols and suggests that p24 may be a
      valuable marker for differentiation in human breast cancer.

PMID- 3886135
TI  - Epithelial binding of 1,2-dibromoethane in the respiratory and upper alimentary
      tracts of mice and rats.
AB  - The metabolism and binding of the volatile carcinogen 1,2-dibromo[14C]ethane
      (DBE) were studied in C57BL mice, Sprague-Dawley rats, and Fischer rats. As shown
      by the whole-body and light microscopic autoradiography with heated and/or
      extracted sections, a selective accumulation of metabolites occurred in a number
      of tissues, preferentially in the reported target tissues for DBE-induced lesions
      [i.e., in the nasal cavity, lung, forestomach, and liver (tumors) and the
      adrenal, testicle, liver, and kidney (nonneoplastic lesions)]. High levels of
      nonextractable metabolites were registered in the epithelia of the entire
      respiratory tract, the upper alimentary tract, the vagina, and the subepithelial
      glands of the olfactory mucosa. Lower levels of metabolites were observed in the
      liver, adrenal cortex, testicular interstitium, and kidney. Autoradiography of
      slices from various extrahepatic tissues incubated in vitro with DBE showed that
      most epithelia of the respiratory tract, upper alimentary tract, vagina, and the
      testicular interstitium have a marked ability to activate DBE to metabolites that
      become bound to the tissue. Further in vitro experiments, performed with S-1
      fractions prepared from various tissues, indicated that the nasal mucosa was most
      active in transforming DBE to products which could not be extracted from the
      protein precipitate. It is proposed that tissue-selective metabolism and
      activation of DBE in the epithelia of the respiratory and upper alimentary tract
      are responsible for the observed DBE-induced lesions in these organ systems.

PMID- 3886136
TI  - An isolated enriched organ-specific cancer neoantigen of human lung cancer for
      leukocyte adherence inhibition assays.
AB  - Until now, measurement of human antitumor immunity to organ-specific cancer
      neoantigen (OSN) by the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay depended on
      using crude extracts of cancer. In this study, a new method is presented to
      generate and to isolate a highly enriched OSN from spent medium of a lung cancer
      cell line, NCI-H69, grown in chemically defined medium. Production of large
      quantities of OSN with minimal contamination by extraneous proteins was possible.
      Four physicochemical steps were used to give a 1000-fold enrichment of OSN
      activity: anion-exchange and molecular-sieve chromatography; Blue Sepharose
      affinity chromatography; and finally anion-exchange high-pressure liquid
      chromatography. The enriched OSN isolates showed dose-response antigenicity when
      tested in LAI assay with leukocytes from lung cancer patients but had no
      antigenicity with leukocytes from control subjects or patients having malignant
      melanoma, colon cancer, or pancreatic cancer. Cross-reactive antigenicity was
      observed with leukocytes from patients with breast cancer and slight reactivity
      with leukocytes from bladder cancer patients. The final isolate from the four
      step separation procedure as well as the isolates produced using additional
      separation techniques consistently had antigenicity at less than 10 ng in
      blocking LAI and 500 ng in the direct assay and showed components with molecular
      weights of about 62,000 +/- 3,000 (SD) (p62), 40,000 +/- 3,000 (p40), and 25,000
      +/- 1,000 (p25) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      OSN isolates on two-dimensional gels showed p40 to have microheterogeneity (seven
      spots), with a pl from 6.2 to 7.6, and p62 and p25 as even more basic streaks.
      The polypeptide bearing the antigenic determinant was not purified, although we
      tried to separate p62, p40, and p25 to determine whether they carried the OSN
      determinant. The results of this study are important in showing that an isolate
      of an organ-specific tumor antigen containing 5 to 13 components, as determined
      by highly sensitive silver stains and radiolabeled patterns on single and two
      dimensional gels, can be used successfully in LAI to measure tumor immune
      responses.

PMID- 3886137
TI  - Immunocytochemical and morphological evidence for the origin of N
      nitrosomethylurea-induced and naturally occurring primary lung tumors in F344/NCr
      rats.
AB  - Naturally occurring and N-nitrosomethylurea-induced lung tumors were studied in
      male F344/NCr rats by sequential histological, electron microscopic, and
      immunohistochemical methods. Rats were given one injection at 6 weeks of age of N
      nitrosomethylurea at a dosage level of 41.2 mg/kg body weight i.v. Groups of rats
      were sacrificed at 20, 33, and 52 weeks, while some were sacrificed while
      moribund. Nine lung tumors from aged F344/NCr male rats were also studied. For
      determining localization of pulmonary antigens, sections of lungs were stained by
      the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunocytochemical technique using
      antibodies to rat surfactant apoprotein or rat Clara cell antigen. At 20 weeks,
      in rats receiving N-nitrosomethylurea, focal alveolar type II cell hyperplasia,
      adenoma in focal alveolar type II cell hyperplasia, and adenoma were found in 15
      (100%), 1 (7%), and 2 (13%) of 15 rats, respectively. At 33 weeks, there were 19
      rats (95%) with focal alveolar type II cell hyperplasias, 10 rats (50%) with
      adenoma in focal alveolar type II cell hyperplasia, and 2 rats (10%) with
      adenomas in 20 rats. In 53 rats allowed to live up to 52 weeks, there were 10
      (19%) adenomas and 3 (6%) carcinomas, as well as 49 (92%) rats with focal
      hyperplasia and 31 (58%) with adenomas in focal type II cell hyperplasia. Rat
      surfactant apoprotein was found in the cytoplasm of normal alveolar type II cells
      and the majority of cells in focal alveolar type II cell hyperplasias, adenomas
      in hyperplastic lesions, adenomas, and carcinomas. The ultrastructure of these
      lesions supported immunocytochemical findings with evidence of lamellar bodies.
      All nine naturally occurring lung tumors studied contained rat surfactant
      apoprotein. Rat Clara cell antigen was found, however, only focally within one
      adenoma induced by N-nitrosomethylurea and one adenoma in a hyperplastic lesion,
      and also focally in three neoplasms which occurred naturally. This study provided
      morphological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural evidence that the vast
      majority of N-nitrosomethylurea-induced and naturally occurring pulmonary
      neoplasms of F344 rats are alveolar type II cell adenomas and carcinomas and that
      a portion of these tumors arise within focal alveolar type II cell hyperplasias.

PMID- 3886138
TI  - Role of sympathetic nerve activity in endotoxin induced hypotension in cats.
AB  - Within 10 min of intravenous (iv) injection of E. coli endotoxin (1 mg X kg-1) in
      alpha-chloralose anaesthetised cats, mean blood pressure (MBP) fell significantly
      to 86% of the pre-endotoxin level. There followed a gradual decline in MBP, so
      that after 60 min MBP was depressed to 49% of the pre-endotoxin level.
      Preganglionic splanchnic nerve (PSN) activity decreased significantly before the
      rapid fall in MBP. There followed a gradual decrease in PSN activity coincident
      with the significant fall in MBP, so that 60 min after iv injection of E. coli
      endotoxin PSN activity fell to 40% of the pre-endotoxin level. Heart rate did not
      differ significantly from the pre-endotoxin level in the control group. However,
      the hypotension and the reduction of PSN activity following endotoxin were
      abolished by intracisternal (ic) pretreatment with phentolamine (0.5 mg X kg-1).
      The heart rate in this group increased significantly, by 15% at 10 min and was
      maintained until the end of the experiment. These results indicate that in E.
      coli endotoxin hypotension the blood pressure falls together with the reduction
      in sympathetic outflow; and suggests that stimulation of central alpha-adrenergic
      receptors leads to an inhibition of activity in brainstem sympathetic pathways.

PMID- 3886139
TI  - Single-blind clinical trial comparing use of fentiazac and paracetamol in
      postendodontic periodontitis.
AB  - The efficacy of oral fentiazac (100 mg QID) was compared with that of paracetamol
      (500 mg QID) in a single-blind trial in 30 patients suffering from post
      endodontic periodontitis secondary to infiltrative or abscessed pulpitis.
      Patients were allocated at random to two treatment groups and treated for four
      days. Over each of the four days, patients scored the severity of spontaneous
      pain and induced pain. The same symptoms were assessed by the investigator at 0,
      48, and 96 hours. Special attention was paid to the occurrence of adverse
      reactions. A statistically significant difference favoring fentiazac was seen in
      the patients' assessments of induced pain (while eating) but not in the
      investigator's assessment of induced pain (percussion). There was no significant
      difference in the analgesic effects of fentiazac and paracetamol with respect to
      spontaneous pain scored by patients or the investigator. No side effects were
      seen. Fentiazac was shown to be an effective analgesic for use in this painful
      inflammatory condition.

PMID- 3886140
TI  - Comparison of Escherichia coli susceptibility to cephalothin, cefazolin,
      ceforanide, and cefamandole.
AB  - Twenty-seven Escherichia coli test strains that were not susceptible to
      cephalothin were tested for susceptibility to cefazolin, cefamandole, and
      ceforanide. By zone-size criteria (greater than or equal to 18 mm), 67% of E coli
      were susceptible to cefazolin and cefamandole, and 93% were susceptible to
      ceforanide. By microtiter assay (MIC less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml), 88%
      were susceptible to cefazolin and cefamandole, and 94% were susceptible to
      ceforanide. The results support susceptibility testing of E coli with specific
      first- or second-generation cephalosporins rather than with class agents.

PMID- 3886141
TI  - Doxepin and cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer: a double-blind
      comparative study.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with endoscopically proven active duodenal ulcers were
      studied in a double-blind randomized trial comparing doxepin hydrochloride (50 mg
      during the first week, and 100 mg thereafter, at bedtime) and cimetidine (1,200
      mg/day in four divided doses). After two weeks, the average size of the ulcers
      had decreased 94% in the doxepin group (n = 8) versus 66% in the cimetidine group
      (n = 13) (P less than 0.01). After six weeks, the average size of the ulcers had
      decreased 97% in both the doxepin group (n = 5) and the cimetidine group (n =
      10). Doxepin was significantly (P less than 0.01) more effective than cimetidine
      in women. Although cimetidine was less effective than doxepin, it was more
      effective in men than in women. Neither drug significantly altered ratings of the
      patients' anxiety or depression, most of which were within the normal range
      before and throughout treatment. Possible mechanisms of action of this tricyclic
      antidepressant and suggestions for its use in ulcer therapy are discussed.

PMID- 3886142
TI  - Comparison of once-daily guanfacine and twice-a-day methyldopa in the treatment
      of mild to moderate hypertension.
AB  - Control of hypertension (ie, reduction of blood pressure to less than or equal to
      160/90 mmHg) in 40 mild to moderate hypertensives not responding adequately to
      hydrochlorothiazide was achieved by the addition of guanfacine (once daily) or
      methyldopa (twice daily) in a 16-week, double-blind, parallel-group trial.
      Control occurred after two weeks (at 1 mg/day) in 50% of the guanfacine-treated
      patients and in most patients within four to six weeks of treatment. The final
      mean doses were 2.5 mg/day of guanfacine or 763 mg/day of methyldopa. Sixteen
      patients maintained control of hypertension with continued guanfacine therapy for
      one year.

PMID- 3886143
TI  - Bretylium tosylate: profile of the only available class III antiarrhythmic agent.
AB  - Bretylium tosylate, the only approved class III antiarrhythmic agent, is a unique
      quaternary ammonium compound with prominent experimental and clinical
      antifibrillatory effects. Intravenous bretylium causes a biphasic hemodynamic
      response; initial norepinephrine release is followed by sympathetic ganglionic
      blockade. Cardiac output is well maintained. Electrocardiographic intervals are
      unchanged, and global conduction unchanged or facilitated. With long-term
      experimental use, proportionate lengthening of ventricular action potential and
      refractory period occurs. Bretylium is largely eliminated unchanged in the urine,
      with a long terminal half-life of about 13 hours. Bretylium demonstrates
      substantial activity in several animal models and clinical circumstances of
      ventricular fibrillation, including those in which standard antiarrhythmic
      therapy is ineffective. Bretylium is thus currently approved as a first-line
      agent for prophylaxis and treatment of ventricular fibrillation, and as a second
      line agent for ventricular tachycardia and other prefibrillatory ventricular
      arrhythmias. In contrast, bretylium's weak antiectopic activity and limited oral
      absorption make it a poor choice for management of simple ventricular ectopy.
      Side effects of bretylium are generally limited to its hemodynamic actions (eg,
      postural hypotension). Nausea may occur with rapid intravenous administration.
      Emerging clinical concepts emphasize the clinical importance of antifibrillatory
      action over antiectopic effects alone. Bretylium is thus likely to continue to
      find increasing usage in the acute management of malignant ventricular
      arrhythmia.

PMID- 3886144
TI  - Imipenem/cilastatin therapy of serious infections: a U.S. multicenter
      noncomparative trial.
AB  - Imipenem/cilastatin, which combines a broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from
      thienamycin with a specific enzyme inhibitor, was administered in dosages of 1 to
      4 gm/day to 717 patients in a multicenter noncomparative trial. Ninety-nine
      percent of the bacterial pathogens tested were susceptible to imipenem, and 86%
      were eradicated. Clinical outcome was favorable in 85% or more of the cases when
      assessed according to the site of infection, and 92% of the cases responded to
      treatment overall. Development of resistance was rare except for Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa, which became resistant in 19% of the patients infected with that
      organism. More than half the patients with resistant P aeruginosa had a favorable
      clinical outcome, however. Superinfection occurred in approximately 4% of all
      patients. The adverse clinical experiences occurring most frequently were related
      to gastrointestinal function (nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea). In general, the
      safety profile of imipenem/cilastatin was similar to that of other beta-lactam
      antibiotics.

PMID- 3886145
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of S-100 protein in the retina, ciliary body and
      iris of human fetuses.
AB  - The present study deals with the localization and development of S-100 protein
      like immunoreactivity in the retina, ciliary body and iris of human fetuses. In
      the retina, numerous astrocytes, densely distributed in the nerve-fiber layer and
      ganglion-cell layer, were stained strongly with the S-100 antiserum. The first
      immunoreactive astrocytes occurred at the posterior pole of the retina and spread
      gradually outward and toward the ora serrata with increasing age. Muller cells
      were not immunoreactive for S-100 during development, except in the retina of the
      latest fetus examined. S-100 immunoreactivity was also found in the nonpigmented
      ciliary epithelium and posterior epithelium of the iris, both of which are
      developed from the inner wall of the optic cup. On the other hand, the pigmented
      epithelium extending from retina to iris, derived from the outer layer of the
      optic cup, was free of S-100 immunoreactivity.

PMID- 3886146
TI  - Ontogenesis of gastrin cells in the pyloric antrum and duodenum of the mouse.
AB  - Ontogenesis of gastrin cells was studied in the pyloroduodenal mucosa of the
      mouse using anti-human G17 serum, R-1301, and anti-human G34(1-15) serum, R-2703.
      R-1301-immunostained cells first appeared in the pyloric mucosa of 14-day-old
      fetuses. Cells stained with both R-1301 and R-2703 appeared immediately after
      birth, and gradually increased in number to the adult level. Most R-1301-reactive
      cells were also reactive to R-2703, whereas some cells that reacted with R-1301
      exhibited very weak or no reaction with R-2703. The discrepancy between these two
      immunoreactivities is discussed. In the duodenum, a considerable number of R-1301
      reactive cells were present from the perinatal stage and through out adult
      development. A few R-2703-reactive cells were seen in the duodenum of young mice
      but not of the adult.

PMID- 3886147
TI  - Lysosomes and pancreatic islet function. Glucose-dependent alterations of
      lysosomal morphology.
AB  - The relation between qualitative and quantitative glucose-dependent alterations
      of lysosomes in pancreatic islets and the function of the islets was studied.
      Isolated islets of the mouse were maintained in tissue culture for one week in
      either 28, 5.5 or 3.3 mmol/l glucose. Insulin biosynthesis, insulin secretion and
      insulin content of the cultured islets were determined. After culture, the islets
      were subjected to acid phosphatase cytochemistry and examined by electron
      microscopy and ultrastructural morphometry. Islets cultured in 28 mmol/l glucose
      both produced and secreted insulin rapidly. Such islets seemed, however, unable
      to maintain more than small amounts of granule-stored insulin. Islets cultured at
      the lower concentrations of glucose displayed a reduced insulin secretion, which
      apparently resulted in considerable amounts of intracellularly stored insulin. In
      all cultured islets different types of lysosomes, identified by their acid
      phosphatase reactivity, could be seen. Dense bodies, i.e., lysosomes
      characterized by a homogeneous, very fine, particulate content of high density,
      seemed to predominate at all concentrations of glucose. It is suggested that, in
      the islets, the dense bodies correspond morphologically to primary lysosomes.
      Other types of lysosomes with inclusions of various kinds, which were frequent at
      the two lower concentrations of glucose, may correspond to secondary lysosomes.
      Morphometry revealed differences between the size distributions of lysosomes in
      the three experimental groups. Thus, the average lysosomal size was inversely
      proportional to the concentration of glucose in the culture medium. However, the
      numerical density of lysosomes was greatest at the highest glucose
      concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3886148
TI  - Are the renin-containing granules of juxtaglomerular epithelioid cells modified
      lysosomes?
AB  - Mature secretory granules of epithelioid cells--the so-called renin granules-
      exhibit certain properties, which in this particular combination are expressed
      only by lysosomes: Renin granules have autophagic capabilities; they react to the
      application of lipidosis-inducing, lysosomotropic substances by the gradual
      accumulation of polar lipids; all secretory granules of epithelioid cells contain
      acid phosphatase until maturity; and exogenous tracers reach renin granules
      without labeling the Golgi complex. Several functional implications can therefore
      be considered. Hydrolytic enzymes, constitutive elements of the granule matrix,
      might either cleave inactive prorenin to yield active renin within the granules
      or, by unspecific hydrolysis of renin, participate in the regulation of the
      overall quantity of secretory product. Autophagic phenomena, the involvement of
      renin granules in the traffic of exogenous tracers, and the build-up of polar
      lipids following experimental interference with lipid catabolism indicate a large
      turnover of membrane material in renin granules. They also suggest that
      cytoplasmic and extracellular fluid gains access to the granule content and may
      thus be involved there in the regulation of biochemical reactions by changing the
      intragranular milieu or via signal molecules. In addition to the lysosome-like
      properties of epithelioid cell secretory granules, the secretory product, renin,
      as a carboxyl protease, is structurally related to other acidic proteases. In the
      case of cathepsin D, even functional similarities exist.

PMID- 3886149
TI  - Actin-mediated retraction of the larval epidermis during metamorphosis of the
      sand dollar, Dendraster excentricus.
AB  - During the first 15 to 20 min of metamorphosis the larval arms are retracted and
      resorbed into the aboral surface of the juvenile. Arms excised from
      metamorphosing larvae will undergo a sequence of contraction and histolysis that
      is identical to that occurring in intact larvae. Prior to and during
      metamorphosis, epidermal cells contain bundles of 5 to 7-nm microfilaments in
      arrays radiating apically from the base of the cells. Sparse microfilaments also
      occur near the plasmalemma of epidermal cells and some mesenchymal cells in
      larvae fixed during metamorphosis. Contraction of excised arms is reversibly
      inhibited by treatment with cytochalasin B, and microfilaments bind myosin sub
      fragment-1. Indirect immunofluorescence of larval arms using an antibody against
      chicken-muscle actin and staining with the F-actin specific probe, NDB
      phallacidin indicate that the arms contain actin distributed in a manner
      consistent with ultrastructural findings. It is proposed that retraction of the
      larval arms during metamorphosis is produced by an actin-mediated change in shape
      of the epidermal cells.

PMID- 3886150
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of renin in the juxtaglomerular apparatus of
      three Bufo species.
AB  - The cellular localization of renin was examined in the kidneys of some amphibians
      of the genus Bufo by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques with an
      antiserum to renin isolated from the submandibular gland of the mouse.
      Immunoreactivity could be demonstrated in the media cells of the afferent
      arterioles (juxtaglomerular cells) close to as well as at great distance from the
      glomeruli. Occasionally, media cells of larger arterial vessels were also
      stained. The immunohistochemical data seem to be in accordance with earlier
      results obtained with a modified silver impregnation technique (Movat's staining
      procedure) used for the visualization of juxtaglomerular cells in non-mammalian
      vertebrates. Mouse kidney tissue, studied for purposes of comparison, showed
      renin-immunoreactivity as described by earlier investigators, i.e.,
      immunoreactive staining in the afferent arterioles near the glomeruli and in the
      proximal tubule cells.

PMID- 3886151
TI  - Light- and electron-microscopic demonstration of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity
      in paraganglia of the human urinary bladder.
AB  - The distribution of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in paraganglia of the
      urinary bladder of adult humans was studied by use of immuno-electron microscopy.
      All paraganglionic cells were positively stained. Enkephalin-like
      immunoreactivity was located in chromaffin granules. Chromaffin cells in the
      paraganglia showed only few degenerative features, suggesting undisturbed
      function of the cells.

PMID- 3886152
TI  - Flunarizine in the prevention of classical migraine: a placebo-controlled
      evaluation.
AB  - Pharmacological data and early clinical experience have suggested that the
      calcium entry blocker flunarizine may be a valuable gain in the prophylaxis of
      migraine. This was supported by a study in 20 patients with classical migraine
      who were, after a drug free run-in phase, orally treated with either placebo or
      flunarizine (10 mg at night) for 3 to 4 months. Flunarizine significantly reduced
      the frequency, duration and severity of the migraine attacks. A corrected
      migraine index, based on these 3 variables was reduced by 82% in the drug group
      but increased by 66% in the control patients. Only 1 patient did not clearly
      benefit from flunarizine. In some cases flunarizine should be administered for at
      least 4 months before judging its efficacy. No side-effects occurred.

PMID- 3886153
TI  - Efficacy of nimodipine in the prophylaxis of migraine.
AB  - The efficacy of nimodipine in the prophylaxis of migraine was assessed in a
      double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study carried out on 33 patients, 20
      of whom suffered from classic and 13 from common migraine. Four patients dropped
      out, but not as a result of the side effects of the drug. The duration of drug
      treatment was 8 weeks. The dosage used was 30 mg four times daily. Nimodipine
      proved to be better than placebo, the number of migraine attacks and severity of
      headache showing a significant reduction. The drug was well tolerated and no
      marked side effects were noted. The results suggest that nimodipine is a useful
      new prophylactic drug for migraine, but further studies are needed before its
      final value can be evaluated.

PMID- 3886154
TI  - Naproxen sodium in the treatment of migraine.
AB  - Seventy patients with classical or common migraine were treated during their
      attacks with either naproxen sodium or placebo in a randomised, double-blind
      parallel group study. The initial dose of naproxen sodium was 825 mg followed one
      hour later by a further 550 mg, if symptoms were the same or had improved. If the
      migraine symptoms had worsened, patients were offered an escape analgesic
      combination of 1000 mg paracetamol and 10 mg metoclopramide. Patients were
      assessed at monthly intervals for changes in the severity and duration of
      headache, premonitory symptoms (mainly visual disturbances) and photophobia,
      nausea and vomiting associated with migraine attacks that had occurred since the
      previous visit. Patients were studied for a maximum of ten attacks and
      significant improvement was observed in the severity and duration of headache
      when the patients were on naproxen sodium. Also the premonitory symptoms and
      photophobia improved significantly on naproxen sodium and significantly less
      rescue analgesics were required. Patients suffering from common migraine had less
      severe headaches and photophobia when taking naproxen sodium than when taking
      placebo and the headaches were shorter in duration and patients took less rescue
      analgesic. No significant difference was observed between the treatment groups in
      patients with classical migraine. Ten patients in the placebo group and six in
      the naproxen sodium group reported side-effects but these were possibly related
      to the use of rescue medication. Naproxen sodium proved safe and effective in
      common migraine attacks, but in this study efficacy was not established for
      classical migraine.

PMID- 3886155
TI  - Quantification of mitral valvular incompetence.
AB  - The hemodynamic and angiographic data of 147 individuals were analyzed in an
      attempt to assess the value of three techniques used in the diagnosis of mitral
      incompetence. One hundred patients had clinical evidence of mitral incompetence
      (group A) and 47 had normal hemodynamics (group B). The degree of mitral
      incompetence was assessed in all 147 individuals by two methods: determination of
      a regurgitant index (RI) using indicator dilution curves and determination of a
      regurgitant fraction (RF) using left ventricular volumes. In 26 patients of group
      A and 26 individuals in group B mitral incompetence was also assessed by
      cineangiocardiography. Each of these methods was compared with the clinical and
      hemodynamic evidence of mitral valvular incompetence. Both the determination of
      RI by dye dilution curves and RF by angiocardiography were found to be useful in
      separating normal individuals from patients with mitral valvular incompetence.
      Severe mitral incompetence is associated with an RI greater than 35% and with an
      RF greater than 55%. The degree of incompetence by either method was not well
      correlated with any independent hemodynamic variable. The use of cine
      angiocardiography to quantify the degree of mitral incompetence was found to be
      too subjective, depending on the observer, and thus less useful.

PMID- 3886156
TI  - Pulmonary valve morphology after balloon dilatation of pulmonary valve stenosis.
AB  - Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty (BV) for pulmonic valve stenosis (PS) is
      increasingly becoming a nonsurgical alternative in patient management. However,
      the mechanism by which BV dilates the obstructive lesion has not been firmly
      established. We have had the opportunity to examine the effects of BV in the
      setting of PS and present two illustrative cases documenting the morphology after
      BV of the stenotic bicuspid and tricuspid pulmonary valve.

PMID- 3886157
TI  - Endocytosis in yeast: several of the yeast secretory mutants are defective in
      endocytosis.
AB  - Yeast cells have been shown to internalize lucifer yellow CH by endocytosis.
      Internalization of the fluorescent dye is time-, temperature-, and energy
      dependent, it is not saturable, and the dye is accumulated in the vacuole. Some
      of the yeast secretory mutants that accumulate endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi
      bodies are defective for endocytosis at restrictive temperature, while others are
      not. All of the mutants that accumulate secretory vesicles are defective for
      endocytosis. These results suggest that efficient transport of proteins from the
      endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and from the Golgi to secretory
      vesicles is not necessary for endocytosis. In contrast, endocytosis may be
      obligatorily coupled with the latest steps of secretion.

PMID- 3886158
TI  - Specific DNA binding of GAL4, a positive regulatory protein of yeast.
AB  - We show by the following series of experiments that the yeast positive regulatory
      protein GAL4 binds to four sites in the upstream activating sequence UASG to
      activate transcription of the adjacent GAL1 and GAL10 genes. GAL4 protein
      expressed in E. coli protected guanine residues in UASG from methylation by
      dimethyl sulfate. The same set of protections was seen in vivo in yeast and
      depended on the GAL4+ allele. This protection pattern is consistent with the idea
      that GAL4 protein binds to four related 17 bp sequences, each of which displays
      approximate 2-fold rotational symmetry. A single near-consensus synthetic 17 bp
      oligonucleotide, installed in front of the yeast GAL1 or CYC1 transcription
      units, conferred a high level of galactose inducibility upon these genes. Further
      experiments suggest that one mechanism of glucose repression is inhibition of the
      binding of GAL4 protein to DNA.

PMID- 3886159
TI  - Conserved sequences flank variable tandem repeats in two S-antigen genes of
      Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - We describe the isolation of two chromosomal DNA fragments from Plasmodium
      falciparum. These fragments encode the antigenically distinct S antigens of two
      different P. falciparum isolates, namely FC27 from Papua New Guinea and NF7 from
      Ghana. The complete nucleotide sequences of both fragments are presented. The
      fragments are homologous over most of their lengths, including the entire regions
      flanking the protein coding sequences. Whereas the N- and C-terminal portions of
      sequences encoding the S antigens are homologous, major portions of the coding
      sequences are not. The nonhomologous regions are comprised of tandemly repeated
      sequences, of 33 bp in FC27 and predominantly of 24 bp in NF7. The 33 bp tandem
      repeats encoded by the FC27 S-antigen gene could not be detected in the NF7
      genome. Conversely, the 24 bp tandem repeats encoded by the NF7 S-antigen gene
      could not be detected in the FC27 genome. The pattern of sequence variation
      within the repeats of both genes suggests a mechanism for the generation of S
      antigen diversity.

PMID- 3886160
TI  - Nonreciprocal exchange between alleles of the yeast mitochondrial 21S rRNA gene:
      kinetics and the involvement of a double-strand break.
AB  - A 1.1 kb intron containing an open reading frame (ORF) in one allele (omega+) of
      the yeast mitochondrial 21S rRNA gene is nearly quantitatively inserted in
      crosses into a 21S rRNA allele lacking that intron (omega-). We have determined
      that this nonreciprocal exchange initiates soon after cells fuse to form zygotes
      and is complete by 10-16 hr after mating. We have discovered a unique in vivo
      double-strand cut in omega- mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) at or near the site of
      intron insertion that is implicated in the process. Markers flanking the intron
      insertion site are coconverted with frequencies inversely proportional to their
      distance from that site. There is no net conversion of omega- to omega+ in
      crosses between petites retaining these alleles, nor do we observe the unique
      double-strand cut in the mtDNA from zygotes of such crosses. The data suggest
      that a translation product of the intron ORF is required for the double-strand
      cut and nonreciprocal recombination at omega.

PMID- 3886161
TI  - Segmental determination in Drosophila central nervous system.
AB  - We have analyzed the control of two segment-specific features in the central
      nervous system of Drosophila larvae. One of them is present only in the thoracic
      ganglia of the larva, where it represents the anlage of the adult leg neuromeres;
      the other is found in the first abdominal, as well as in the thoracic, ganglia.
      We show that mutations within the bithorax complex have parallel but independent
      effects on these neural structures and on the larval epidermis. We also show that
      the central nervous system is very sensitive to mild perturbations of the
      bithorax complex, and in particular to haploinsufficiency.

PMID- 3886163
TI  - An intron-encoded protein is active in a gene conversion process that spreads an
      intron into a mitochondrial gene.
AB  - The intron of the mitochondrial 21S rRNA gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      possesses a long internal reading frame (ORF) that is conserved in various yeast
      species. In crosses between intron-plus and intron-minus variants, this intron
      determines a specific gene conversion phenomenon, which results in the
      integration of the intron sequence within all previously intron-minus copies of
      the gene. We show, from a frameshift mutant within the intron ORF and from the
      need of mitochondrial protein synthesis, that ORF encodes a protein active in the
      gene conversion that spreads the intron within populations of interbreeding
      strains. This new intron function is reminiscent of the "transposase" encoded by
      mobile genetic elements and is discussed in relation to other intron functions.

PMID- 3886162
TI  - The sequential compartmentalization of Drosophila segments revisited.

PMID- 3886164
TI  - Transposition of an intron in yeast mitochondria requires a protein encoded by
      that intron.
AB  - The optional 1143 bp intron in the yeast mitochondrial 21S rRNA gene (omega +) is
      nearly quantitatively inserted in genetic crosses into 21S rRNA alleles that lack
      it (omega -). The intron contains an open reading frame that can encode a protein
      of 235 amino acids, but no function has been ascribed to this sequence. We
      previously found an in vivo double-strand break in omega - DNA at or close to the
      intron insertion site only in zygotes of omega + X omega - crosses that appears
      with the same kinetics as intron insertion. We now show that mutations in the
      intron open reading frame that would alter the translation product simultaneously
      inhibit nonreciprocal omega recombination and the in vivo double-strand break in
      omega - DNA. These results provide evidence that the open reading frame encodes a
      protein required for intron transposition and support the role of the double
      strand break in the process.

PMID- 3886165
TI  - Production of abnormal proteins in E. coli stimulates transcription of lon and
      other heat shock genes.
AB  - The product of the lon gene in Escherichia coli, protease La, plays an important
      role in the degradation of abnormal proteins. To determine whether the presence
      of abnormal proteins stimulates expression of this gene, we examined its
      transcription using a lon-lacZ operon fusion. After the cells synthesized large
      amounts of aberrant polypeptides (e.g. following incorporation of the arginine
      analog, canavanine, or production of incomplete proteins with puromycin, or
      induction of translational errors with streptomycin), these cells showed a two-
      to threefold increase in lon--lacZ expression. Furthermore, synthesis of a single
      cloned protein, e.g. human tissue plasminogen activator, caused a similar
      increase in lon transcription. This induction of lon by abnormal proteins
      requires the heat shock regulatory gene htpR and was not seen in htpR- cells.
      Under these various conditions, other heat shock proteins were also induced.
      Thus, the appearance of aberrant cell proteins may be a common signal under many
      adverse conditions for the induction of cell protease (or proteases) and other
      heat shock proteins.

PMID- 3886166
TI  - An artificial anchor domain: hydrophobicity suffices to stop transfer.
AB  - A hydrophobic sequence of 23 contiguous, uncharged residues anchors the coliphage
      f1 gene III protein (pIII) to the Escherichia coli cytoplasmic membrane;
      mutations removing this domain allow secretion of the protein to the periplasm.
      Multiple copies of an oligonucleotide encoding the hydrophobic repeat, Leu-Ala
      Leu-Val, were introduced into genes for secreted forms of pIII. Artificial
      domains of 16 or more hydrophobic residues function to anchor the protein.
      Pronase protection experiments demonstrate that the new sequences act to halt
      transfer of the protein across the membrane, thus specifying a transmembrane
      topology. Relocating the hydrophobic domain within the polypeptide chain
      predictably alters the resultant protein/membrane topology. Repeats of a polar
      sequence were inserted with no effect on secretion. Furthermore, an unrelated
      hydrophobic sequence, uncovered by a gene III frameshift mutation, acts to anchor
      the protein. We conclude that function simply reflects hydrophobicity and not
      some more subtle feature of structure or sequence.

PMID- 3886167
TI  - The vasculature and limb development.
AB  - The developing vascular pattern of the embryonic chick limb results from a
      combination of two properties: the intrinsic self-assembly and branching
      properties of the vascular cells and the extrinsic information associated with
      the expanding mitotic population of mesenchymal cells; and the inhibitory factors
      which restrict the entrance of vessels into particular domains and/or decrease
      the branching frequency of such vessels. It is hypothesized that an important
      component of limb pattern formation is the interplay between the dividing
      population of mesenchymal cells and the intrinsic properties of the vascular
      cells. It is further asserted that the presence of particular vascular elements
      may, indeed, be 'positional information'. Two examples are cited involving
      aspects of limb duplication to support this possibility; it is suggested that
      vascular vessel size of a host limb may dictate the polarity of duplication
      events. The presented hypothesis emphasizes that the interplay between the
      intrinsic properties of self-assembly into tissues and extrinsic factors which
      establish boundaries and morphologies is involved in both vascular and limb
      pattern formation.

PMID- 3886168
TI  - Porcelain-laminate veneer and Duralingual bridge studied and evaluated.

PMID- 3886169
TI  - Inhibition of myogenesis by trifluoperazine and compound 48/80.
AB  - When trifluoperazine (TFP), a calmodulin antagonist, was given to chick or rat
      myoblasts in cultures, formation of multinucleated myotubes was inhibited. The
      inhibition of cell fusion by TFP in rat cultures prevents the normal increase in
      the amount of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) and creatine kinase (CK), while the
      levels of these proteins in chick muscle cultures are hardly affected. Another
      calmodulin antagonist, compound 48/80, inhibits fusion at doses that correspond
      closely to its antagonistic effects on calmodulin. Thus, our results suggest a
      possible role for calmodulin in the regulation of myoblast fusion, but not on the
      appearance of muscle proteins.

PMID- 3886170
TI  - Arthroscopic evaluation of the injured athlete's knee.
AB  - In summary, arthroscopic evaluation of the athlete's knee joint provides a highly
      accurate means of diagnosing intra-articular lesions. It provides valuable
      information regarding treatment and prognosis. In addition, if arthroscopic
      surgical treatment is possible, even greater benefits in regard to more rapid
      return to full athletic activity will be possible.

PMID- 3886171
TI  - Rehabilitation of the injured knee.
AB  - The basis of rehabilitation is to return the patient to the preinjury status. The
      physician must recognize that muscle is made up of both Type I and Type II
      fibers, Type I having endurance and Type II having speed capabilities.
      Immobilization for long periods of time is destructive to the ligaments, muscles,
      and cartilage of the affected area. Some immobilization is required, however, for
      the healing of tissues. The basis of any postinjury rehabilitation program should
      take into account that controlled motion can decrease the deleterious effect of
      immobilization. At the same time, it allows for healing. The ranges of motion
      that are allowed must be determined for each specific injury. An approach to
      determining the losses in the psychological and physiologic states of the patient
      is identified and recommendations for rehabilitation are given.

PMID- 3886172
TI  - Treatment of juvenile osteochondritis dissecans and osteochondritis dissecans of
      the knee.
AB  - JOCD and OCD are distinct conditions. The former has a much more favorable
      prognosis than the latter. Unrecognized trauma cumulating from activities of
      daily living and sports produces subchondral stress fractures that eventually
      become symptomatic and are recognized as JOCD. If JOCD does not heal by bony
      union prior to distal femoral epiphyseal closure, OCD results. Since JOCD is a
      fracture, any method used to stimulate fracture healing, except joint
      immobilization, should be employed. Careful monitoring of the patient's progress
      is essential and is most sensitively accomplished with joint scintigraphy.
      Historical evidence of the benign nature of JOCD is dubious and not consistent
      with clinical observations. The surgical precepts for treating patients in whom
      conservative treatment of JOCD fails and patients with OCD are traditional
      orthopedic concepts. Revascularization of the fragment followed by joint motion
      are the dictums of surgical success.

PMID- 3886173
TI  - [15 years of the Charles University Pharmacy School in Hradec Kralove].

PMID- 3886174
TI  - [New findings on methods of laboratory diagnosis of thyroid diseases. II.
      Determination of thyroid hormones, their metabolites and other substances of
      thyroid origin].

PMID- 3886175
TI  - [On the anniversary of Ringer's solution and its discoverer].

PMID- 3886176
TI  - [Biological effects of estrogen].

PMID- 3886177
TI  - Inflammatory bowel diseases and their relationship to malignancy.

PMID- 3886178
TI  - CEA-related antigens: molecular biology and clinical significance.

PMID- 3886179
TI  - [Identification of the first human Leptospira strain in the island of La
      Reunion].
AB  - The first Leptospira strain of the island of La Reunion isolated from a patient
      hospitalized at Saint-Pierre, is identified L. Icterohaemorrhagiae
      icterohaemorrhagiae. The importance and severity of leptospiroses in the island
      of La Reunion are to be emphasized.

PMID- 3886180
TI  - [Biochemical characterization and study of the sensitivity to Plasmodium
      falciparum infection. Apropos of a case of double CN Baltimore hemoglobinopathy
      discovered in Senegal].
AB  - The discovery of a double CNBalt hemoglobinopathy allowed the authors, after a
      family background investigation, to study the possible biological effects linked
      to that dual heterozygoty and to look for a protection against Plasmodium
      falciparum infections. It hasn't been possible to make evident any protection.

PMID- 3886181
TI  - [A case of autochtonous chronic Chagas cardiopathy in French Guiana].
AB  - After a brief review of Chagas' disease history in French Guiana, the authors
      report the first autochthonous case of Chagas' cardiopathy found in this country
      since 1956. The diagnostic suspected through epidemiological, clinical,
      electrocardiographical and echocardiographical data, was corroborated by serology
      and by the discovery of an apical aneurysm at post mortem examination of the
      heart.

PMID- 3886182
TI  - [Dengue in Burkina Faso (ex-Upper Volta): seasonal epidemics in the urban area of
      Ouagadougou].
AB  - During the rainy season of 1982 30 patients (29 european and 1 voltaic) presented
      with an intense dengue-like syndrome in Ouagadougou city. 73.3% of these cases
      possessed anti-flavivirus fluorescent antibodies while 30%, were positive for
      specific anti-Dengue IgM antibodies. Vero type E 6 cell cultures were used to
      isolate six strains of Dengue 2 virus; monoclonal antibodies were used for viral
      identification. These strains constitute the first isolates of human Dengue virus
      in Upper Volta. Authors present conditions of virus isolations, describe the
      observed syndrome and discuss the epidemiological interest of this outbreak.

PMID- 3886183
TI  - Chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria imported into the Netherlands.
AB  - A prospective study of imported chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in the
      Netherlands is described. From 1979 to 1983, 77 non-immune patients were
      investigated; in 41 (53%) decreased sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to
      chloroquine could be confirmed. Signs and symptoms in these patients differ from
      the classical picture. Resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansidar) was
      established in 6 patients. Parasitaemia was found twice during dapsone
      pyrimethamine (Maloprim) prophylaxis. The implications for advice on treatment
      and prophylaxis are discussed.

PMID- 3886184
TI  - Serial studies on the evolution of chloroquine resistance in an area of East
      Africa receiving intermittent malaria chemosuppression.
AB  - Serial in vitro and in vivo tests for chloroquine sensitivity of Plasmodium
      falciparum were carried out from 1979 to 1982 in an area of E. Africa where
      chemosuppression with chloroquine had been attempted since 1977. Within 1(1/2)
      years there were signs of a decreasing drug response. Chloroquine resistance was
      first detected in 1981 and this increased markedly in 1982. Other contributory
      causes for the rise of parasite rates in children were possibly a decline in the
      efficiency of the drug distribution system and also immunological factors.
      Evidence of resistance to pyrimethamine was also found. Observations were made of
      the heterogeneity of the parasites' responses with emerging resistance.
      Implications for the future are discussed.

PMID- 3886186
TI  - Hepatitis B vaccines prepared from yeast by recombinant DNA techniques:
      memorandum from a WHO meeting.
AB  - A meeting of experts was convened on 19-21 November 1984 in Geneva, Switzerland,
      to advise the World Health Organization on the production of hepatitis B vaccine
      prepared from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), using recombinant DNA technology.
      This vaccine development follows the advances in molecular genetics that have
      permitted genes coding for biologically active substances to be identified,
      analysed with fine precision, transferred within and between host organisms, and
      expressed under controlled conditions so as to obtain efficient synthesis of the
      product which they encode. The gene for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg, the
      coat protein of the virus) has been cloned and inserted into several expression
      vectors. These recombinants have been introduced into and have been expressed in
      yeast cells. The meeting, which included representatives from seven
      manufacturers, presented preliminary guidelines for the control and testing of
      hepatitis B vaccine produced in yeast.

PMID- 3886185
TI  - Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children:
      prevention of low birth weight.
AB  - The effect of low birth weight (LBW) on diarrhoea morbidity and mortality is
      analysed and interventions to increase birth weights are reviewed. Birth weight
      is a major determinant of infant mortality and, in developed countries at least,
      its effect on neonatal mortality is independent of socioeconomic status. We have
      located no satisfactory data on LBW as a determinant of diarrhoea mortality or
      morbidity. The strong association between LBW and mortality, however, makes it
      likely that there is an association between LBW and diarrhoea mortality in
      developing countries where diarrhoea is a major cause of infant death. Poor
      maternal nutrition, certain infections, pre-eclampsia, arduous work after mid
      pregnancy, short birth intervals, and teenage pregnancy are likely to be causally
      associated with LBW in developing countries. Tobacco and alcohol consumption are
      additional risk factors.Of the interventions examined, maternal food
      supplementation has been the most studied. If targeted to mothers at nutritional
      risk, and if the food is consumed in addition to the usual diet, the prevalence
      of LBW can be expected to be reduced. However, food supplementation can be
      expensive and the results from carefully supervised feeding trials may be better
      than those that can be achieved in national programmes. The effect of
      supplementation with iron, zinc or folate requires further study. If it were
      possible to intervene in maternal nutrition, health and life-style in a
      developing country in a way that reduced the prevalence of LBW from around 30% to
      around 15%, a fall in the infant mortality rate of around 26% would be expected.
      The fall in infant diarrhoea mortality rate might be similar. The scarce data on
      relative risk of morbidity by birth weight do not allow any comparable
      computations for morbidity reductions to be made.This review confirms that
      whatever its association with diarrhoea, LBW is an important determinant of
      infant mortality. For the more general goal of reducing infant mortality it is
      necessary to know more about the nature, etiology, and prevention of LBW in
      developing countries.

PMID- 3886187
TI  - Real-time two-dimensional Doppler echocardiographic flow mapping.

PMID- 3886188
TI  - Ventricular fibrillation and defibrillation: historical perspectives with
      emphasis on the contributions of John MacWilliam, Carl Wiggers, and William
      Kouwenhoven.

PMID- 3886189
TI  - Left ventricular contractility and contractile reserve in humans after cardiac
      transplantation.
AB  - Limited data are available concerning left ventricular contractility and
      contractile reserve in the chronically denervated, transplanted human heart. This
      is primarily because of the inability of traditional tests of left ventricular
      performance to distinguish changes in contractility from alterations in
      ventricular loading conditions. In this study, load-independent end-systolic
      indexes of left ventricular contractility were measured by echocardiography and
      calibrated carotid pulse tracings in 10 patients who had undergone orthotopic
      cardiac transplant (age 48 +/- 4 years; interval from operation to study 1.2 +/-
      0.8 years) and in 10 normal control subjects (age 25 +/- 4 years) matched for
      donor heart age (25 +/- 6 years). None of the transplant patients had evidence of
      rejection as determined by endomyocardial biopsy. Baseline left ventricular
      contractility was assessed over a wide range of afterload generated by infusion
      of methoxamine. Contractile reserve was measured as the response to an infusion
      of dobutamine plus methoxamine. Before afterload challenge, baseline left
      ventricular percent fractional shortening was higher for the transplant patients
      than for the control subjects (36.5 +/- 5.7% vs 32.1 +/- 2.1%; p less than .05).
      These differences occurred at a time that end-systolic wall stress (a measure of
      afterload) was significantly lower for the transplant patients (38 +/- 16 vs 50
      +/- 9 g/cm2; p less than .05). When the left ventricular end-systolic pressure
      dimension and stress-shortening relationships were determined for the transplant
      and control subjects, no differences in contractility or contractile reserve were
      noted. Thus the chronically denervated, transplanted, nonrejecting human left
      ventricle demonstrates normal contractile characteristics and reserve.

PMID- 3886190
TI  - External noninvasive temporary cardiac pacing: clinical trials.
AB  - An external cardiac pacemaker-monitor has been developed that provides safe,
      effective noninvasive ventricular stimulation that is well tolerated in conscious
      patients and allows clear recognition of electrocardiographic response. The
      noninvasive temporary pacemaker (NTP) has now been applied in 134 patients in
      five hospitals. Stimulation was tolerated well in 73 of 82 conscious patients,
      and nine found it intolerable. The NTP was effective in evoking
      electrocardiographic responses in 105 patients; the 29 failures were in the
      presence of prolonged hypoxia or severe discomfort. The NTP was clinically useful
      in 82 patients: 43 of 86 were resuscitated from emergency or expected arrest, 38
      of 40 were maintained in standby readiness for up to 1 month but did not require
      stimulation, and one of eight patients with tachycardia obtained some clinical
      benefit. The NTP was especially useful in 25 patients with complications or
      contraindications to endocardial pacing and in 57 patients in whom insertion of
      an endocardial electrode was avoided.

PMID- 3886191
TI  - Long-term oral administration of amrinone for congestive heart failure: lack of
      efficacy in a multicenter controlled trial.
AB  - A number of uncontrolled studies have indicated that oral administration of
      amrinone, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with potent positive inotropic effects in
      experimental preparations, may be beneficial in patients with chronic congestive
      heart failure. The present multicenter trial was designed to prospectively
      evaluate clinical response and change in exercise tolerance during 12 weeks of
      amrinone therapy in a double-blind, placebo-controlled protocol. Ninety-nine
      patients with NYHA functional class 3 or 4 congestive heart failure on digitalis
      and diuretics, of whom 31 were also receiving captopril, were enrolled. After
      baseline clinical assessment and determination of exercise tolerance,
      radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction, and roentgenographic
      cardiothoracic ratio, patients were randomly assigned to receive amrinone or
      placebo, beginning at 1.5 mg/kg tid and increasing to a maximum dosage of 200 mg
      tid. After 12 weeks of therapy or at the last blinded evaluation in patients who
      did not complete this protocol, there were no significant differences from
      baseline values between treatment with amrinone or placebo with regard to
      symptoms, NYHA functional class, left ventricular ejection fraction,
      cardiothoracic ratio, frequency and severity of ventricular ectopy, or mortality.
      Exercise tolerance improved significantly from baseline by 37 +/- 10% (mean 163
      sec) in patients on amrinone and 35 +/- 11% (mean 149 sec) in patients on
      placebo, but there was no significant difference between treatments. Adverse
      reactions were significantly more frequent and more severe on amrinone, occurring
      in 83% of patients and necessitating withdrawal in 34%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3886192
TI  - Abnormalities of serum and plasma components in patients with multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Qualitative and quantitative abnormalities in protein and non-protein components
      of serum and plasma in patients with multiple sclerosis have been the subjects of
      numerous reports. In this review many of the more recent observations are
      documented and evaluated. It is concluded that at present the welter of
      information that has been gathered does not contribute in any major, coherent way
      to our understanding of the etiology or pathogenesis of the disorder. Several of
      the abnormalities that have been observed may be future candidates for
      biochemical markers for multiple sclerosis; at present none is sufficiently
      reliable, distinctive or easily performed to warrant the status of a useful
      diagnostic or prognostic test.

PMID- 3886193
TI  - Urinary glycolate measured by use of (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase.
AB  - Glycolate can be determined in urine by using (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase (EC
      1.1.3.15; formerly called "glycolate oxidase"), either immobilized in a
      continuous-flow system or in a semiautomated procedure for the centrifugal
      analyzer. In the presence of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), the hydrogen peroxide
      formed from glycolate is detected by use of a peroxide indicator reaction. Before
      the analysis, urine must be treated with charcoal to remove reducing substances
      such as ascorbic acid, which interfere with the assay by decreasing the color of
      the indicator reaction. Lactate also interferes with the determination of
      glycolate because it also is a substrate for this oxidase; thus a correction has
      to be made for the lactate content of urine. The system with (S)-2-hydroxy-acid
      oxidase immobilized to the inner surface of nylon tubing is accurate, precise,
      and sensitive but unsuitable for routine use because, even immobilized, the
      oxidase is unstable and can only be used for 12 days. We have used the
      semiautomated assay routinely: it has a mean analytical recovery of 96% (SD
      4.2%), a within-batch CV less than 2%, and a between-batch CV less than 5%. The
      normal reference interval for urinary excretion of glycolate so measured is 0.13
      to 1.31 mmol per day (n = 55).

PMID- 3886194
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic measurement of purine nucleotides in blood cells.
AB  - In this anion-exchange "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic method of
      analysis for purine nucleotides, the nucleotides are separated with high
      efficiency and selectivity on a weak anion exchanger (Hypersil APS 2, 3-micron
      particle size) by elution with a gradient of eluent pH and concentration.
      Applying this method to analysis for these compounds in human blood cells, we
      determined them in a patient with adenosine deaminase deficiency who was treated
      with a bone-marrow transplantation, finding that the transplantation did not
      entirely correct the patient's abnormalities of purine metabolism.

PMID- 3886195
TI  - Vitamin B12 assays compared by use of patients' sera with low vitamin B12
      content.
AB  - We compared four radioisotope dilution (RD) methods and a microbiological assay
      for measuring concentrations of vitamin B12 in a selected panel of serum samples
      from patients known to be deficient in the vitamin. Low (less than 100 ng/L) and
      borderline (100-180 ng/L) results were similar between methods, but use of the
      manufacturers' recommended ranges for borderline results would have changed the
      diagnostic classifications for 22 of 38 samples. Results of all the RD methods
      inter-correlated well, but less so with the microbiological assay. Borderline,
      nondiagnostic results were common to all methods, and no apparent advantage was
      gained from using the microbiological assay.

PMID- 3886196
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay of free thyroxin in dried blood samples on filter paper.
AB  - We describe a double-antibody enzyme immunoassay for determination of free
      thyroxin (FT4) in dried blood samples on filter paper, with use of a T4-beta-D
      galactosidase complex. The measurable range of FT4 concentration in two 3-mm
      blood discs, each of which contained about 2.7 microL of blood, was 1.9 to 93
      ng/L, as determined by comparison with concentrations of FT4 in known serum
      standards. FT4 in blood samples dried on filter paper was stable for at least
      four weeks when kept dry at -20 degrees C, room temperature, or 37 degrees C. The
      mean coefficients of variation were 7.6% (within assay) and 6.4% (between
      assays). Results for FT4 by this method correlated well with those for serum
      determined by radioimmunoassay (r = 0.98). The proposed method can be used to
      differentiate persons with hyper- and hypothyroidism from normal subjects and
      those with abnormal concentrations of thyroxin-binding globulin. The procedure
      seems suited for screening studies.

PMID- 3886197
TI  - Thyroid-function assessment by use of enzyme immunoassays.
AB  - We used an enzyme immunoassay to determine the normal reference intervals for
      thyroxin, triiodothyronine, and thyrotropin in groups of children, ranging from
      newborns to 15-year-olds. Results compared well with those by radioimmunoassay.
      There were no substantial differences between plasma and serum samples for
      thyroxin and triiodothyronine, but thyrotropin concentrations differed
      significantly (p less than 0.05, n = 20 each).

PMID- 3886198
TI  - Willey Glover Denis (1879-1929), pioneer woman of clinical chemistry.

PMID- 3886199
TI  - Immunoenzymoassay for pancreatic oncofetal antigen.

PMID- 3886200
TI  - Electroimmunoassay of apolipoprotein B in triacylglycerol-rich serum.

PMID- 3886201
TI  - A simple immunoenzymometric assay for choriogonadotropin in serum.

PMID- 3886202
TI  - Characteristics of maltase activity in amniotic fluid.
AB  - The nature and origin of maltase activity present in amniotic fluid, and used as
      a marker enzyme in the prenatal monitoring of cystic fibrosis, has been studied.
      Using monoclonal antibodies against human intestinal disaccharidases and via heat
      inactivation experiments it is shown that the maltase activity found in amniotic
      fluids from pregnancies of 16-24 wk of gestational age originates completely from
      sucrase-isomaltase; no maltase-glucoamylase could be detected. With various
      monospecific antibodies the possible contribution of non-intestinal brush border
      enzymes to the total maltase pool could be excluded: neither renal nor lysosomal
      maltase appeared to be present.

PMID- 3886203
TI  - Determination of retinyl palmitate in homogenates and subcellular fractions of
      rat liver by liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3886204
TI  - A biotin-avidin enzyme immunoassay for the quantitation of serum ferritin.
AB  - A biotin-avidin enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for measurement of ferritin in human
      serum is described. This procedure involves the use of specific antibody
      immobilized on beads, biotin-labeled specific antibody and enzyme-labeled avidin.
      Reproducible results were achieved within 2 h for ferritin in serum in the range
      of 5-500 ng/ml. Ferritin levels as low as 0.1 ng/ml can be measured. The biotin
      avidin EIA, a radioimmunoassay kit, and an EIA kit were used to determine serum
      ferritin levels in healthy adults. Good agreement was found between the biotin
      avidin EIA and the other methods.

PMID- 3886205
TI  - A micro-scale affinity-purification of Fab'-horseradish peroxidase conjugates and
      its use for sandwich enzyme immunoassay of insulin in human serum.

PMID- 3886206
TI  - Diagnosis of Pompe's disease using pyridylamino-maltooligosaccharides as
      substrates of alpha-1,4-glucosidase.
AB  - We have developed a sensitive method for the assay of alpha-1,4-glucosidase in
      cultured skin fibroblasts and muscle tissue using pyridylamino
      maltooligosaccharides as fluorescent substrates. This method is useful for the
      diagnosis of Pompe's disease.

PMID- 3886208
TI  - The role of insulin in beta 2-receptor mediated hypokalemia.

PMID- 3886207
TI  - The effect of a new ergoline derivative, CU 32-085, in the treatment of
      acromegaly. A controlled study.
AB  - The effect of a new dopamine agonist, CU 32-085 (8 alpha-amino-ergoline), on
      pituitary function in acromegaly was evaluated by a controlled, single blind
      study of 12 acromegalics. The study included a single dose placebo/drug (0.5 mg
      CU 32-085) trial and a long-term crossover trial with 3 month periods (placebo/CU
      32-085 8 mg daily). The patients were evaluated clinically and biochemically
      (oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), TRH- and LHRH-tests) before and after each 3
      month period. Nine patients completed this long-term trial; one died from
      myocardial infarction during the placebo period, and two dropped out because of
      side effects. The release of GH, judged from more than 9 h suppression of serum
      GH following the single dose, and from the response to OGTT after the long-term
      treatment, was significantly inhibited by CU 32-085. Serum GH reached normal
      values in 4 of 9 patients. Serum PRL was also markedly suppressed, to subnormal
      values after the 3 months in all but one hyperprolactinemic patient. Serum TSH,
      cortisol, FSH and LH were generally unaffected. Glucose tolerance was not
      significantly altered, although an improvement was found in six of nine patients.
      A semiquantitative evaluation of subjective symptoms showed a significant
      improvement following the long-term treatment, while objective signs of
      acromegaly were unaffected. The blood pressure was slightly lowered, both after a
      single dose and after 3 months' treatment. Seven patients experienced nausea and
      dizziness, two of them with vomiting, after a single dose of the drug. Four of
      these had similar symptoms initially during the long-term treatment, which forced
      two to interrupt the trial. We conclude that CU 32-085 caused a marked
      suppression of the release of GH and PRL and an improvement of the major symptoms
      of acromegaly, a therapeutic effect that is comparable to the previous experience
      with bromocriptine.

PMID- 3886209
TI  - The effect of vasopressin infusion on glucose metabolism in man.
AB  - Studies on intact animals and isolated rat hepatocytes have shown that arginine
      vasopression (AVP) stimulates glycogen phosphorylase to break down glycogen and
      raise plasma glucose concentrations. Since no similar work has been performed on
      healthy human adults, the effect of moderate (25 pmol/min) and high (75 pmol/min)
      dose AVP infusion on plasma glucose, intermediary metabolites, glucose kinetics,
      and circulating glucagon and insulin concentrations was investigated. After AVP
      infusion, plasma glucose rose from 4.9 +/- 0.1 to a peak of 5.7 +/- 0.2 mmol/l (P
      less than 0.001), but no changes in blood lactate, pyruvate, alanine, glycerol or
      3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were observed. The glucose rise was accounted
      for entirely by an increase in the rate of appearance of glucose from 11.19 +/-
      0.43 to 13.38 +/- 0.63 mu mol/kg/min (P less than 0.001). Infusion of AVP also
      increased plasma glucagon concentrations from 38 +/- 8 to 79 +/- 20 pg/l (P less
      than 0.01). The hyperglycaemic effect of AVP may be mediated solely by
      stimulation of glucagon release, but we cannot exclude direct stimulation of
      glycogen phosphorylase activity.

PMID- 3886210
TI  - Glucose tolerance and plasma immunoreactive insulin levels in acromegalics before
      and after selective transsphenoidal surgery.
AB  - The glucose and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) responses to a 100 g oral glucose
      tolerance test (oGTT) administered to 23 acromegalic patients before and after
      transsphenoidal adenomectomy and to a sex and age-matched control group were
      studied. The preoperative growth hormone levels, ranging from 11 to 360 mU/l, had
      normalized (i.e. less than or equal to 5 mU/l) after surgery in all cases. Before
      surgery paradoxical increases in the GH level, either after i.v. TRH injection or
      during the oGTT were seen in 14 patients. After surgery, the paradoxical reaction
      to the oGTT had normalized in all cases and the increase measured after the TRH
      injection normalized in nine out of 12 cases. The disturbed glucose tolerance
      (either impaired tolerance or frank diabetes) was cured by surgery. The plasma
      glucose levels determined 1 and 2 years after surgery did not differ from those
      found for the control group. Preoperative plasma IRI levels were significantly
      elevated, whereas after surgery the IRI levels had decreased. Fasting levels were
      normalized in all patients. Two years after surgery, eight patients still showed
      some abnormalities of the insulin secretion (as revealed by the integrated sum
      and the maximum increment in IRI levels during the oGTT) despite the presence of
      normal circulating GH levels and a normalized paradoxical reaction to TRH. The
      data show that after normalization of GH levels in acromegalics, increased
      insulin secretion may still occur after glucose ingestion in some patients. It is
      suggested that this abnormality could be the result of an increased pancreatic
      islet beta-cell mass, as a persisting abnormality of the acromegalic state,
      although peripheral insulin resistance cannot be excluded totally.

PMID- 3886211
TI  - Extrahepatic portal venous hypertension in adults.

PMID- 3886212
TI  - Hepatic circulation in cirrhosis.
AB  - Using the multiple indicator dilution approach, events occurring in the
      microvascular bed can be characterized and are compatible with the two kinds of
      anatomical alterations in cirrhotic livers: capillarization and intrahepatic
      shunts. The combination of these two kinds of alteration contributes to the
      progressive limitation of the blood-liver exchange. The decreased ability of the
      liver to clear endogenous and exogenous substrates in cirrhosis is generally
      thought to result from a reduction of liver cell mass and/or function. Our data
      suggest that abnormalities in the hepatic uptake of these substrates may also
      contribute to the impaired liver function in cirrhosis. Capillarization of the
      hepatic sinusoid is of particular importance in the overall process of
      elimination while intrahepatic shunts, when present, further exacerbate the
      functional effects of capillarization.

PMID- 3886213
TI  - Treatment of acute variceal bleeding.

PMID- 3886214
TI  - Prevention of recurrent variceal bleeding: non-surgical procedures.
AB  - Patients with cirrhosis, who have survived an episode of variceal bleeding, often
      have far-advanced liver disease and therefore, on average, a severely restricted
      life expectancy. Still, the prognosis for the individual patient varies greatly
      depending on the presence or absence of large varices and the Child
      classification. Centres evaluating treatment of variceal bleeding often attract
      different patient populations. Comparison of the outcome of the complete series
      of patients is usually meaningless since results reflect the composition of the
      patient population rather than the applied therapy. The natural history of
      patients with variceal bleeding should be defined by Child category, allowing
      more precise definition of the therapeutic aims and subsequently assessment of
      the results. Persistent lowering of the portal pressure by pharmacological
      modulation of the portal haemodynamic system is now feasible due to the
      availability of long-acting oral medication. Propranolol is still the leading
      drug and, in one centre, its use in predominantly Child A patients was associated
      with a marked reduction in recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding and subsequently
      mortality rate. These results could not be reproduced in another centre. Both the
      restricted indication as well as the uncertain efficacy limit the current use of
      propranolol, but further pharmacological developments are bound to appear.
      Endoscopic sclerotherapy has become the treatment of choice in the prevention of
      recurrent variceal haemorrhage. The proponents of paravasal injection report
      excellent efficacy in combination with a low incidence of side-effects, whereas
      mainly theoretical reasons are advanced by users of intravariceal injections.
      Still, variceal haemorrhage remains an important clinical problem in the period
      between the start of sclerotherapy and the eradication of varices. Combination of
      sclerotherapy with portal antihypertensive medication might become the treatment
      of choice until eradication of varices has been achieved; thereafter either
      continued medication or repeated endoscopy will maintain an avariceal state and
      effective prevention of recurrent variceal bleeding.

PMID- 3886215
TI  - Ideal treatment of portal hypertension in 1985.

PMID- 3886216
TI  - Portal hypertension in children.

PMID- 3886217
TI  - Ultrasonography in portal hypertension.
AB  - High resolution real time ultrasound is a non-invasive method of evaluating
      patients with suspected portal hypertension. The portosystemic collateral most
      frequently identified is the dilated coronary vein and its associated gastro
      oesophageal varices. Other collaterals that can be seen include: gastrorenal,
      splenorenal, paraduodenal, periportal, pelvic and retroperitoneal varices along
      with a recanalized umbilical vein and ductus venosus. Using duplex doppler
      ultrasound, the rate and direction of portal blood flow can be ascertained.
      Sonography is better than barium studies in assessing whether gastro-oesophageal
      varices are present, however, it is not as sensitive as endoscopy, laparoscopy or
      portography.

PMID- 3886218
TI  - Features of synovial membrane identified with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - As part of a study of the characteristics of the synovial membrane which make it
      susceptible to inflammatory reactions, we tested a number of monoclonal
      antibodies (MoAb) which revealed novel features of the synovium using tissue from
      rheumatoid, osteoarthritic and traumatized (mechanically deranged) joints. In a
      previous study we detected macrophages (Mph) lining the synovial membrane by
      means of Mph specific and HLA-DR specific MoAb. These may account for the type A
      synoviocytes. Type B synoviocytes are thought to be fibroblastic and we used an
      anti-Thy 1 MoAb to identify these cells. Many fibroblasts were seen in a
      subintimal position but only few in the lining layer, not in sufficient numbers
      to account for the type-B category of synoviocyte. Staining with a new MoAb, 67,
      was found to precisely delineate the lining layer. This MoAb was previously seen
      to react with dendritic reticulum cells (DRC) of germinal centres, cells involved
      in B lymphocyte activation. However, other MoAb which react with germinal centre
      DRC did not label the synovial lining layer. Several MoAb revealed features of
      the vasculature not previously recognized. In rheumatoid samples, MoAb10 labelled
      small capillaries near the synovial surface and larger vessels deeper in the
      intima were labelled with a second MoAb, SM phi. This dichotomy of staining was
      not so apparent in synovium from control osteoarthritis and trauma (OA/T)
      samples. In addition, the Thy 1 epitope, identified previously on a variety of
      human cells, was strongly expressed on all vascular endothelium. Finally a new
      vessel or duct like structure was identified in OA/T samples, located
      subintimally. These ducts contained keratin, detected with MoAb LE61 and may be
      the normal counterpart for the rare malignancy, biphasic synovial sarcoma.

PMID- 3886219
TI  - Complement changes in falciparum malaria infection.
AB  - Complement profiles were sequentially studied in 183 Thai adults infected with
      Plasmodium falciparum. On the first day of admission, CH50, C1q, C4 and C3 were
      low in 65%, 8%, 19% and 62% of cases, respectively. All patients with low C1q or
      C4 also had low C3 and CH50. Simultaneous reduction of C1q, C4, C3 and CH50 were
      found in 10 instances. Factor B was not reduced in any of the patients indicating
      that only the classical pathway is activated during acute falciparum malaria
      infection. The incidence and the degree of hypocomplementaemia were higher in
      patients with cerebral, renal and hepatic complications although significant
      difference was seen only for C3. After 3-4 days of effective anti-malarial
      treatment, normalization of C1q and C4 was found in almost all instances whereas
      C3 and CH50 remained low in 27% and 54% of the cases, respectively. Normalization
      of C3 was achieved at 4 weeks after discharge while low CH50 still persisted. The
      reasons for the persistently low CH50 remain unknown.

PMID- 3886220
TI  - An experimental model of chronic renal failure in mice.
AB  - Chronic renal failure (CRF) was induced in CBA/J mice by a combination of surgery
      and diathermy to the right kidney followed 2 weeks later by complete removal of
      the left kidney. This procedure resulted in a progressive rise in blood urea
      nitrogen (BUN) levels accompanied by a fall in packed cell volume (PCV). In a
      typical group of mice BUN rose to 156.9 +/- 9.1 mg/100 ml and PCV fell to 36.4 +/
      1.9%, 8 weeks after removal of the left kidney, compared to 23.3 +/- 2.8 mg/100
      ml and 51.6 +/- 2.1%, respectively, in normal mice. These changes were
      accompanied by other serum abnormalities in potassium, sodium, calcium,
      phosphate, chloride, and silicon levels. The surviving renal tissue showed
      histological changes, and skeletal changes were also evident on radiological
      examination. Mice in CRF had an increased mean survival time of tail skin
      allografts and a significant reduction in thymus weight, supporting the use of
      this model to investigate the well-documented phenomenon of immunosuppression in
      human patients with uremia.

PMID- 3886221
TI  - Antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies in human sera: detection by a
      modified micro-ELISA.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to human
      glomerular basement membrane has been developed. Special emphasis has been put on
      the choice of microtiter plates which were coated with a collagenase digest of
      human glomerular basement membrane. Results differed markedly between the
      different microtiter plates. Best results were obtained with a flexible
      polyvinylchloride microtiter plate with flat wells (Dynatec). This plate
      exhibited the highest positive/negative ratio and the lowest intraassay standard
      deviation. Optimal conditions for each step in the ELISA have been determined.
      The assay proved to be specific, sensitive, and reproducible. Circulating
      antibodies in each of 11 patients with active antiglomerular basement membrane
      disease were detected by the ELISA, while sera from patients with various renal
      and nonrenal diseases were negative by the test.

PMID- 3886222
TI  - Ocular immune reactants in patients dying with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Immunopathologic studies were performed on ocular tissue obtained at autopsy in
      five patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The immunopathologic
      findings were correlated with histopathologic and clinical features of SLE.
      Immune reactants were demonstrated by direct immunofluorescence in all patients
      in a granular pattern suggesting immune complex aggregates; control ocular
      tissues from four patients without SLE were negative. Ultrastructural studies
      demonstrated corresponding electron-dense aggregates in a majority of samples.
      Histologic and gross anatomic evidence of inflammation were generally more focal
      and less frequent than the distribution of immune reactants. Most of the immune
      deposits were localized in the walls of blood vessels of the conjunctiva, ciliary
      body, retina, choroid, and sclera. Diffuse deposits were also found in
      association with basement membranes in ciliary body (two of five patients) and
      along the epithelial basement membrane in the cornea (two of five). Immune
      deposits in peripheral nerves of the ciliary body and conjunctiva in one patient
      with visual symptoms contained immunoglobulins A and E. The most intense and
      widespread ocular immune deposits were observed in patients with persistently
      increased serologic and clinical activity of their systemic disease. These
      results suggest a role for immune complex localization in the pathogenesis of the
      ocular lesions of SLE.

PMID- 3886223
TI  - Immunoglobulin subclass distribution of synovial plasma cells in rheumatoid
      arthritis determined by use of monoclonal anti-subclass antibodies.
AB  - The distribution of IgG and IgA subclass plasma cells among dissociated synovial
      cells from 14 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovia was examined by
      immunofluorescence using mouse monoclonal anti-human subclass antibodies. Of the
      IgG plasma cells 81 +/- 9% were IgG1, 4 +/- 2% IgG2, 14 +/- 9% IgG3, and 0.9 +/-
      0.6% IgG4. While IgG1 predominated in all 14 synovia (which is similar to what is
      seen in normal tissues), in 5/14 20% or greater of IgG plasma cells were IgG3,
      suggesting a selective increase in IgG3 production in the synovia of certain RA
      patients. Among IgA plasma cells 89 +/- 5% were IgA1 and 8 +/- 3% were IgA2. This
      distribution is similar to the distribution in normal serum.

PMID- 3886224
TI  - The role of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in the pathogenesis of immune
      disorders.
AB  - The association between alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) deficiency and a number
      of immune mediated diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, anterior uveitis,
      systemic lupus erythematosus, and asthma suggests that alpha 1-AT may be
      important not only as an anti-inflammatory protein but also as an immune
      regulator. That the relationship between decreased amounts of this inhibitor and
      these diseases is causal is suggested by both some of its physical properties and
      evidence indicating it is able to modulate immune function. alpha 1-Antitrypsin
      has a high plasma concentration, very broad range of inhibitory activity and is
      an acute phase reactant. Among other things, it is able to modulate lymphocyte
      proliferation and cytotoxicity, and monocyte and neutrophil function.
      Additionally, some of these changes are demonstrable in vivo in patients with
      severe alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. This paper reviews the important
      physicochemical characteristics of this protein, the association of its presence
      in decreased amounts with immune disorders, and finally the important mechanism
      that may underlie this disease association.

PMID- 3886225
TI  - Decreased platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin during hemodialysis: an effect of
      platelet/heparin interaction?

PMID- 3886226
TI  - Successful sodium thiosulphate treatment for recurrent calcium urolithiasis.
AB  - Thirty-four idiopathic rapid calcium stone formers (24 male/10 female) were
      studied. Their ages ranged from 20 to 60 years (40 +/- 11) and all had good renal
      function. The trial comprised two consecutive periods of 3 years and 4 years
      duration respectively. In the first (control period), the patients were
      maintained on a customary diet with an adequate fluid intake sufficient to
      produce about 2 liters of urine daily. In the second (treatment period), they
      received a similar diet plus 20 mmol of sodium thiosulphate daily. New stone
      development fell from 100 in the control period to 15 in the treatment period,
      corresponding to a rate of 0.98 and 0.11 per year (p less than 0.001). It is
      suggested that the benefit from sodium thiosulphate results from calcium
      thiosulphate formation in urine, a salt with a molar solubility of 250 to 100.000
      fold greater than that of other urinary calcium salts.

PMID- 3886227
TI  - Intraperitoneal vancomycin and ceftazidime in the treatment of CAPD peritonitis.
AB  - The use of intraperitoneal vancomycin and ceftazidime in the treatment of 64
      episodes of CAPD peritonitis is reported. Serum and dialysate antibiotic
      concentrations were measured in 19 of these and the maximum serum vancomycin
      level recorded was 30 mg/l. Culture of the dialysate was sterile in 52% of the
      cases, staphylococci were isolated in 30% and the infection rate during 1983 was
      2.22 episodes per patient-year. This antibiotic combination has proven safe and
      effective and easily administered by the patients.

PMID- 3886228
TI  - Hemolytic-uremic syndrome: demonstration of abnormalities of platelet reactivity
      and insensitivity to prostaglandin I2.
AB  - Platelet aggregation and thromboxane synthesis and platelet sensitivity to the
      antiaggregatory action of prostaglandin I2 were studied serially in a subject
      suffering from adult hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Platelet aggregation in vitro was
      defective during the acute phase of the disease and recovered during the
      convalescent phase. Defective aggregation was not associated with a failure of
      thromboxane synthesis although it was related to an intrinsic platelet defect
      rather than an inhibitor in the plasma. The platelets were insensitive to
      prostaglandin I2, even in the recovery phase of the disease. Furthermore, plasma
      from the patient rendered normal platelets insensitive to prostaglandin I2 and
      more sensitive to aggregating agents. It is concluded that the platelet
      abnormality in hemolytic-uremic syndrome is complex and it combines both an
      intrinsic platelet abnormality and a plasma component.

PMID- 3886229
TI  - Legionnaires' disease associated with acute renal failure: a report of two cases
      and review of the literature.
AB  - Renal involvement is a well described complication of Legionnaires' disease and
      is often manifested as mild, transient azotemia, hematuria, proteinuria, pyuria
      or cylinduria. Acute renal failure complicating Legionnaires' disease has also
      been described, and some patients have required hemodialysis. Renal morphology
      has only been described in a few cases. We report two cases of Legionnaires'
      disease who developed acute renal failure. The serotype of the Legionella
      pneumophilia isolated from one of the patients had never been isolated from
      humans before. This patient expired and at autopsy the kidney revealed acute
      tubular necrosis, but there was no evidence for interstitial or glomerular
      disease. Renal morphology in six previously reported cases revealed acute
      tubulointerstitial nephritis in three cases and acute tubular necrosis in the
      other three. We conclude that acute renal failure may accompany severe
      Legionnaires' disease, and the development of the renal failure is not related to
      hemodynamic factors, while nephrotoxic antibiotics may be a contributing factor.

PMID- 3886230
TI  - In vivo localization of C3 on the brush border of proximal tubules of kidneys
      from nephrotic patients.
AB  - Deposits of C3 but not of C1q and C4 were detected on the proximal tubules of
      kidneys from nephrotic patients with non-selective proteinuria. The incidence of
      tubular C3 deposits was significantly higher in patients with membranous
      glomerulonephritis, focal glomerulosclerosis, membrano-proliferative
      glomerulonephritis and non-selective proteinuria than in patients with minimal
      change disease, nephrotic syndrome and selective proteinuria or in patients with
      glomerular disease, but without nephrotic syndrome. The occurrence of tubular C3
      deposits was positively correlated with the amount of urinary C3 excretion. In
      vitro studies showed that the human normal kidney as well as pathologic specimens
      negative for in vivo tubular C3 deposits were able to bind C3 on the brush border
      of proximal tubules when incubated with fresh heterologous serum. In contrast, in
      patients with non-selective proteinuria and in vivo tubular C3 deposits, the
      binding of heterologous C3 to the brush border of proximal tubules was markedly
      reduced. The positive correlation between the occurrence of tubular C3 deposits
      and the urinary complement excretion, together with the detection of the C3
      breakdown products in the urines further supported the hypothesis that complement
      components, once filtrated through the glomerular barrier, might be activated by
      the brush border of the proximal tubule.

PMID- 3886231
TI  - De-novo anti-GBM-antibody-induced glomerulonephritis in a renal transplant.
AB  - We report a case of de-novo anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody induced
      glomerulonephritis (anti-GBM GN) in a renal cadaveric transplant. The 52 year old
      male patient had developed end-stage renal failure secondary to malignant
      hypertension. His initial renal transplant lost function within two months
      because of severe allograft rejection without evidence of anti-glomerular
      basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibody formation. Eight months after his second
      cadaveric transplant he developed the nephrotic syndrome. This was followed by a
      rapid deterioration in graft function associated with the development of diffuse
      proliferative glomerulonephritis with 100% crescent formation. Linear staining of
      the GBM with IgG and C3 and the presence of circulating anti-GBM antibodies
      confirmed the anti-GBM antibody etiology of the glomerular lesion. Thus anti-GBM
      antibody induced glomerulonephritis can occur de-novo in a transplanted kidney
      despite routine immunosuppression. This represents either coincidental
      autoantibody production after transplantation or specific alloantibody
      production, stimulated by the introduction, by transplantation, of GBM
      neoantigens.

PMID- 3886232
TI  - Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria.
AB  - The analysis of the abnormality of the membrane in paroxysmal nocturnal
      haemoglobinuria is an exercise in complexity complexified--of Ossa atop Pelion.
      To understand it, we will need to understand fully the complexities of the
      complement system and the complexities of the structure of the membrane and the
      complexity of their concert interaction. Added to this are the complexities of
      growth and development of the haematopoietic cells--a problem we have not
      discussed at all despite its importance in the pathophysiology of PNH. It is
      little wonder that a disease which is uncommon but not rare continues to
      fascinate investigators from a wide variety of disciplines. If, as has been
      (falsely) said, more people studied the disease than had it, it would be because
      it presents questions of such fundamental interest. In unravelling its mysteries,
      many problems related to the normal functioning of cells, complement and a
      haematopoiesis have been and will continue to be solved.

PMID- 3886233
TI  - The adhesive sickle erythrocyte: cause and consequence of abnormal interactions
      with endothelium, monocytes/macrophages and model membranes.
AB  - The sickle RBC has a distinct propensity for abnormal adherence to vascular
      endothelial cells, monocytes, macrophages and aminophospholipid liposomes. Sickle
      RBC adherence to endothelium may be due to aberrant electrostatic forces, with a
      major contribution coming from factors in the RBC's plasma environment. The
      abnormal translocation of aminophospholipids in sickle RBC membranes has been
      implicated in their adherence to monocytes and liposomes. Abnormal interactions
      with macrophages (adherence and erythrophagocytosis) may be due to abnormal
      amounts of IgG on the sickle RBC surface and/or modification of the RBC membrane
      by dialdehyde byproducts of lipid peroxidation. However, the RBC membrane is an
      exceedingly complex structure, and these various abnormalities may well be highly
      interrelated. On the other hand, it is also possible that different abnormalities
      may be responsible for different cell-cell interactions. Precise identification
      of the adhesive factor(s) of the sickle RBC membrane will require additional
      investigation. Regardless of the mechanism(s) involved, data suggest that
      propensity for adherence of RBC to endothelial cells may correlate with clinical
      vaso-occlusive severity, perhaps helping to explain not only heterogeneity among
      patients but also temporal variability in disease severity for individual
      patients. Likewise, the abnormal adherence of sickle RBCs to
      monocytes/macrophages may help explain the attenuated survival of sickle RBCs.

PMID- 3886234
TI  - Hereditary spherocytosis and related disorders.
AB  - A number of abnormalities in cellular physiology have been observed in hereditary
      spherocytes, including alterations in shape, membrane cation permeability and
      deformability, intracellular metabolism and tendency for splenic entrapment. Many
      observations have been observed only in a subset of patients with HS and may
      studies have not been confirmed. Therefore, it is likely that there is
      heterogeneity with regard to the specific molecular cause of the disease. The
      major research problem has been to determine primary molecular defects in HS.
      Much evidence supports a molecular defect in the erythrocyte membrane skeleton
      and three abnormalities involving spectrin have been demonstrated to be directly
      related to HS. First, spectrin deficiency has been shown in autosomal recessive
      spherocytosis in mouse mutants and partial deficiency observed in all human
      patients with HS. Second, a specific functional defect in spectrin purified from
      the red cells of some kindreds with autosomal dominant HS has been identified:
      lack of binding capacity for protein 4.1. Third, a less well characterized
      functional abnormality has been described in which spectrin binds more tightly to
      the erythrocyte membrane. These defects may, by an unidentified mechanism,
      contribute to the spheroidal shape and haemolytic disease ameliorated by
      splenectomy. More definitive studies are necessary in order to determine the
      origins of HS. Such studies require: Use of appropriate controls for splenectomy
      and young red cell age, Tracing a defect through affected family members,
      Verifying that a defect corresponds to the appropriate heredity pattern, for
      example that a heterozygote for an autosomal dominant defect had 50% abnormal
      protein, Differentiating the effects of splenic or circulatory conditioning from
      the primary red cell defects, Verifying that the defect is present in the intact
      cell and is not secondary to experimental manipulations, Distinguishing an
      unrelated, linked polymorphism from the primary mutation responsible for the
      disorder. Finally, the pathophysiology of the disease will have to be explained
      on the basis of the primary molecular defect, as well as the mechanism of all
      secondary physiological changes in the hereditary spherocyte.

PMID- 3886235
TI  - Erythrocyte membrane alterations in beta-thalassaemia.

PMID- 3886236
TI  - Membrane phospholipid organization and vesiculation of erythrocytes in sickle
      cell anaemia.
AB  - This review has examined the lipid composition of the RBC membrane and the
      methods used to determine the distribution of the phospholipids within the
      membrane. The importance of the membrane cytoskeletal proteins, in particular
      spectrin and protein 4.1, in maintaining this distribution has also been
      described. Membrane vesiculation and altered membrane phospholipid asymmetry in
      sickle cell anaemia have been reviewed. The relationships between vesiculation
      and hypercoagulability and an abnormal reticuloendothelial system in sickle cell
      disease have been examined. It is apparent that the single amino acid
      substitution leading to the production of sickle haemoglobin has profound effects
      on the entire erythrocyte, reaching to the limits of the cell, its plasma
      membrane.

PMID- 3886237
TI  - The membrane of the human neonatal red cell.

PMID- 3886238
TI  - Red cell senescence.

PMID- 3886239
TI  - The red cell membrane and the storage lesion.

PMID- 3886240
TI  - Hereditary elliptocytosis and related disorders.

PMID- 3886242
TI  - William Harvey and the discovery of the circulation of blood.

PMID- 3886241
TI  - Haemolytic anaemia associated with increased cation permeability.
AB  - Volume regulation in the red cell depends on the balance between the osmotic
      swelling pressure contributed by the polyvalent anions 2,3-DPG and haemoglobin,
      and the counterbalancing osmotic pressure provided by extracellular Na+. Although
      changes in 2,3-DPG have been identified in some cases, increases in the
      electrodiffusional leak of Na+ and K+ are most likely responsible for the
      disorders of volume regulation leading to haemolytic anaemia. The current
      challenge is to identify the membrane proteins and/or lipids which play a key
      role in passive transport of the monovalent cations.

PMID- 3886243
TI  - Sudden cardiac death: the search for a non-invasive means to detect the
      electrical substrate for the development of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.
AB  - Cardiovascular diseases remain the major cause of death in the adult North
      American population. Most of these deaths are sudden, occurring secondary to
      ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF). Based on the results of recent
      clinical trials, it seems likely that many of these deaths could be prevented if
      reliable means were available to select those patients at highest risk. To date,
      however, no totally satisfactory means to establish risk has been identified. The
      purpose of this paper is to review the currently utilized techniques and to draw
      attention to some new and potentially useful technology involving computer
      processing of surface recorded electrocardiographic (ECG) signals. ECG monitoring
      during rest and activity is neither sensitive nor specific. Invasive studies,
      using programmed ventricular stimulation to reproduce clinical arrhythmias, have
      proven extremely useful in the management of patients with recurrent VT/VF; this
      technique allows the selection of effective therapy as documented by subsequent
      inability to induce the arrhythmia. However, this technique does not have broad
      applicability given the complexity of these studies and the significant potential
      for morbidity. Recent efforts have focused on the detection of the abnormal
      electrical substrate giving rise to VT/VF by using body-surface
      electrocardiographic recording. Two approaches are being investigated. In one,
      high-gain, signal-averaged ECG signals are being utilized to detect (delayed)
      depolarization potentials occurring during the repolarization process - an
      electrophysiologic state known to give rise to re-entrant arrhythmias. Initial
      results with this technique are encouraging. We have focused on another approach 
      that of body-surface potential mapping.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3886244
TI  - Diagnosis and management of thromboembolic disease during pregnancy.

PMID- 3886245
TI  - Condylomata acuminata (anogenital warts).

PMID- 3886246
TI  - Management of superficially invasive vulvar carcinoma.

PMID- 3886247
TI  - Vulvar reconstruction.
AB  - The major techniques for vulvar reconstruction have been reviewed. It is
      incumbent upon not only the gynecologic oncologist but also the referring
      gynecologist to recognize the advances made in the field of reconstructive
      surgery. However, reliance on reconstruction of anatomic deficiencies resulting
      from treatment of cancer should never be allowed to overshadow the psychosexual
      adjustment of the patient. It is important to pay equal, if not more, attention
      to improving the psychosexual rehabilitation of these patients undergoing such
      extensive surgery.

PMID- 3886248
TI  - Current concepts of coagulation.
AB  - Coagulation is a complex enzymatic process involving the sequential activation of
      a series of potent proenzymes. The thrombin generated by this cascade serves many
      functions, including the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. This process is
      closely regulated and normally confined to sites of vascular damage. In
      subsequent portions of this symposium, we will be dealing with various pathologic
      states and how they affect the system. In understanding the pathophysiology of
      these disorders, it is helpful to keep in mind which component(s) of the system
      is primarily affected. Some disorders, such as von Willebrand's syndrome, are
      characterized by a defect in only one component, and the clinical manifestations
      of this disorder are readily understood. Many of the acquired disorders affect
      multiple components, including both the procoagulant system and the regulatory
      system. In these conditions, the clinical manifestations can be difficult to
      predict and can vary from patient to patient. An understanding of how the various
      components of the hemostatic system interact should help clarify many of these
      confusing conditions.

PMID- 3886249
TI  - Esophageal contribution to "clearance" of pulmonary aerosols.

PMID- 3886250
TI  - Primer and Atlas for renal transplant scintigraphy: flow, Tc-99m DTPA, I-131
      hippuran.

PMID- 3886251
TI  - Visualization of arterial collaterals after occlusion of abdominal aorta.

PMID- 3886252
TI  - Femoral head viability following hip fracture. Prognostic role of radionuclide
      bone imaging.
AB  - A retrospective study was made of all radionuclide (RN) bone images performed at
      our institution over a two-year period to evaluate femoral head viability after
      nonpathologic fracture of the femoral neck. Twelve patients had avascular femoral
      heads during the perioperative period, of which nine had adequate follow-up.
      Seven of these nine patients had follow-up bone images. Revascularization
      occurred in four patients, while three had persistent absence of femoral head
      uptake. With clinical follow-up ranging from four to 29 months (median: 14
      months), only two of these nine patients developed clinical or radiographic
      evidence of osteonecrosis. RN bone imaging performed in the perioperative period
      does not reliably predict the development of post-traumatic osteonecrosis of the
      femoral head and, at present, should not be used to determine prospectively
      method of treatment of femoral neck fracture.

PMID- 3886253
TI  - False aneurysm of ascending aorta.
AB  - An unsuspected false aneurysm of the ascending aorta was discovered during a
      first pass, left-to-right shunt study.

PMID- 3886254
TI  - Significance of placental findings in early-onset group B streptococcal neonatal
      sepsis.
AB  - Assessment of placental pathology and its relationship to historical data,
      initial laboratory parameters, and outcome was undertaken in 22 cases of early
      onset group B streptococcal sepsis of the neonate. Fourteen (64%) of the
      placentas demonstrated chorioamnionitis, six (27%) funisitis, and in nine (41%)
      gram stain demonstrated organisms within the membranes. Focal villous edema was
      observed in five (23%) cases and diffuse villous edema in four (18%). No placenta
      demonstrated chorangiosis. Placental inflammation was significantly (p less than
      0.05) associated with prematurity, prolonged rupture of membranes, and onset of
      symptoms at less than 3 hours of age. No placental change was significantly
      associated with outcome or with neutropenia, which was the only parameter
      assessed that appeared to have prognostic value.

PMID- 3886255
TI  - Kinetics of methylprednisolone and its hemisuccinate ester.
AB  - Methylprednisolone in the form of its hemisuccinate ester was injected
      intravenously in doses of 10 mg/kg and 63.1 mg. Plasma levels of
      methylprednisolone and of the ester were measured and their kinetics were
      calculated. Results indicate dose dependency in the kinetics of both. About 10%
      of the dose was excreted unchanged as hemisuccinate in the urine, indicating
      incomplete conversion of the prodrug. When methylprednisolone (80 mg) was also
      taken by mouth, the relative bioavailability of the tablets was 99%. Saliva
      levels of methylprednisolone were low but paralleled plasma levels in the
      postdistribution phase. No methylprednisolone hemisuccinate was found in saliva.

PMID- 3886256
TI  - Safety and tolerability of multiple doses of imipenem/cilastatin.
AB  - The safety and tolerability of 1 gm imipenem and cilastatin given together every
      6 hours for 10 days was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo
      controlled trial in normal subjects. Nausea was more common in the drug-treated
      group (five of six subjects) than in the control group (two of six subjects). No
      consistent changes in hepatic function indices were noted. Although beta 2
      microglobulin excretion showed a significant trend of rising over time in the
      drug group, there were no differences between groups with regard to 24-hour
      urinary excretion of either N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase or beta 2
      microglobulin. Urinalysis did not reveal any casts and serial creatinine
      clearance determinations showed no change in renal function in either the drug-
      or placebo-treated groups. Pure tone audiograms were performed before and after
      dosing in 11 of 12 subjects; no changes were noted. We conclude that the
      combination of imipenem and cilastatin was well tolerated and safe.

PMID- 3886258
TI  - Advances in tissue expansion.
AB  - Tissue expansion offers a versatile new technique in the reconstruction of many
      areas of the body. The authors discuss laboratory studies that provide insight
      into the mechanism of the technique and present examples from clinical experience
      acquired over the past seven years, including applications in breast
      reconstruction and reconstruction of the scalp, head and neck, and extremities.

PMID- 3886257
TI  - Cultured epithelium as a skin substitute.
AB  - The history of techniques for the replacement of lost skin is reviewed, including
      the current research in the use of synthetic dermal substitutes, skin allografts
      and immunosuppression, and tissue-cultured epithelial autografts. Developments in
      each of these three areas are encouraging steps toward the development of a skin
      substitute that would be immediately available for coverage of even massive areas
      of skin loss.

PMID- 3886259
TI  - Collagen modifications.
AB  - Collagen, the major structural protein found in all animal tissues, has a variety
      of uses in the armamentarium of the plastic surgeon. This article discusses the
      biologic characteristics of collagen that determine its behavior as an implant
      material. Clinical applications discussed include hemostatic collagen fleece,
      collagen sponge wound dressing, composite tissue tendon allografts, injectable
      collagen, and manipulation of scar collagen.

PMID- 3886261
TI  - Electrical stimulation of hard and soft tissues in animal models.
AB  - Studies in animals have clearly established that various forms of electrical
      stimulation positively affect the growth, repair, and remodeling of hard and soft
      tissue. Although the various electrical stimulation modalities (faradic,
      capacitive, and inductive) are different in their physics and biochemistry, each
      produces a variety of biological responses in a wide range of animal models. The
      level of interest in animal studies of electrical stimulation is rising rapidly,
      and new understanding, in parallel with studies in vitro and in the clinic, will
      continue to be gained. The future holds the promise of a wide range of hard and
      soft tissue conditions being routinely treated by electrical stimulation, based
      in part on progress in studies in animals.

PMID- 3886260
TI  - Demineralized bone implants.
AB  - There are three mechanisms of bone formation that underlie the use of the
      different types of implants. In osteogenesis, viable osteoblasts and
      preosteoblasts are transplanted from one part of the body to the site where new
      bone is needed; cancellous marrow grafts are an example of such osteogenic
      engraftment. In osteoconduction, the implant does not provide many viable cells
      but rather acts as a scaffolding for the ingrowth of new bone from the margins of
      the defect with the concurrent resorption of the implant; cortical bone grafts or
      banked bone segments are examples of this "creeping substitution." In
      osteoinduction, the implant stimulates the transformation of connective tissue to
      produce endochondral bone, even in extraskeletal sites; demineralized bone
      implants promote bone formation by osteoinduction. The physiology, cell biology,
      biochemistry, and endocrinologic regulation of induced osteogenesis are areas of
      active investigation. Fresh autogenous cancellous bone grafts are preferred for
      non-stress-bearing defects, but are often of limited availability for extensive
      procedures, especially in infants. Demineralized bone implants have been used
      successfully in certain types of craniomaxillofacial, orthopedic, periodontal,
      and hand reconstruction. Tissue transformation may become as important to
      reconstructive surgery as is tissue transplantation.

PMID- 3886262
TI  - The development and application of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) for
      ununited fractures and arthrodeses.
AB  - This article deals with the rational and practical use of surgically noninvasive
      pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) in treating ununited fractures, failed
      arthrodeses, and congenital pseudarthroses (infantile nonunions). The method is
      highly effective (more than 90 per cent success) in adult patients when used in
      conjunction with good management techniques that are founded on biomechanical
      principles. When union fails to occur with PEMFs alone after approximately four
      months, their proper use in conjunction with fresh bone grafts insures a maximum
      failure rate of 1 to 1.5 per cent. Union occurs because the weak electric
      currents induced in tissues by the time-varying fields effect calcification of
      the fibrocartilage in the fracture gap, thereby setting the stage for the final
      phases of fracture healing by endochondral ossification. The efficacy, safety,
      and simplicity of the method has prompted its use by the majority of orthopedic
      surgeons in this country. In patients with delayed union three to four months
      postfracture, PEMFs appear to be more successful and healing, generally, is more
      rapid than in patients managed by other conservative methods. For more
      challenging problems such as actively infected nonunions, multiple surgical
      failures, long-standing (for example, more than two years postfracture) atrophic
      lesions, failed knee arthrodeses after removal of infected prostheses, and
      congenital pseudarthroses, success can be expected in a large majority of
      patients in whom PEMFs are used. Finally, as laboratory studies have expanded
      knowledge of the mechanisms of PEMF action, it is clear that different pulses
      affect different biologic processes in different ways. Selection of the proper
      pulse for a given pathologic entity has begun to be governed by rational
      processes similar, in certain respects, to those applied to pharmacologic agents.

PMID- 3886263
TI  - Immunosurgery.
AB  - After being leaders in the field of transplantation, plastic surgeons became
      inactive in this field. Interest is reviving with the advent of the new
      immunosuppressant drug cyclosporine, as well as new knowledge of the immune
      mechanism. New generations of immunosuppressive drugs may allow allografting in
      patients with massive burns, limb transplants, and possibly even allografts of
      facial structures.

PMID- 3886265
TI  - General meeting of the Netherlands' Society of Diagnostic Radiology. Utrecht,
      February 25 and April 28, 1984.

PMID- 3886264
TI  - Malignant seeding after fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the pancreas.
AB  - The authors report the case of a patient affected with carcinoma of the pancreas
      who underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy under ultrasonic guidance. 2 months
      later, a peritoneal metastasis was found during laparotomy at the site of the
      previous biopsy. This is the third reported case in the literature of neoplastic
      dissemination after fine-needle biopsy, a traditionally safe diagnostic
      procedure.

PMID- 3886266
TI  - [Morgagni's hernia erroneously interpreted as a lipoma].
AB  - The author describes the problems of properly diagnosing Morgagni's hernia via
      non-invasive x-ray examination. A case history is reported as an example.
      Diagnosis can be confirmed, especially with small hernias which do not contain
      parts of intestine or liver, by additional subtle sonography and high-resolutien
      computed tomography.

PMID- 3886267
TI  - [Digital radiography--methods and clinical application].
AB  - The term "Digital Radiography" covers all x-ray techniques which produce a
      projected image with the help of digital imaging techniques, which are very
      similar to a conventional x-ray film image. The advantage of "Digital
      Radiography" is the possibility of digital image processing, like the subtraction
      technique, the selective material filtering technique and the quantitative image
      plotting technique. With the equipments now in use, the digital projected image
      is produced by the line or on an even level. One example of the in-line projected
      image is the so-called "topogram", produced via computed tomography equipment.
      With the help of an x-ray video chain, it is possible to produce digital images
      on an even level. This technique is used, for example, for "digital video
      subtraction angiography" (DVSA). Today, digital radiography is clinically used
      only in the "DVSA" and the "topogram" systems. A survey of the clinical use and
      the improved future possibilities of digital radiography is given, and the
      special features of the method are discussed.

PMID- 3886268
TI  - [Visualization of enlarged parathyroids by digital subtraction angiography in 22
      patients with primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism].
AB  - Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) is a suitable method for visualising
      hypercrinal parathyroid glands on account of its high power of resolution.
      Hyperperfused areas stand out in contrast when using largely standardised imaging
      techniques with peripheral venous injection of contrast medium. Whereas 15 of 17
      hyperplastic parathyroids were seen via DSA, it was not possible to identify on
      the subtraction image 2 out of 6 adenomas and one carcinoma. In our group of
      patients, surgical confirmation was obtained in 21 of 32 hyperperfused areas
      found via DSA (66%) and 9 out of 17 structures with poor echo (53%) in
      ultrasound.

PMID- 3886269
TI  - [Resolution capacity in intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography of the A.
      carotis].
AB  - Intraarterial digital subtraction angiography of the intracranial vascular system
      is increasingly one of the more important advances in neuroradiology. The
      paramount disadvantage is less spatial resolution. Based on experimental and
      theoretical studies recommendations are given to reach a optimum of spatial
      resolution: Selective intraarterial application of undiluted contrast medium (300
      mgJ/ml); volume: 3 ml in a. carotis comm.; flow: 5 ml/sec.

PMID- 3886271
TI  - Mass spectrometry in medical research.
AB  - This review has sought to emphasise the fundamental principles on which mass
      spectrometric methods are based in order to indicate not only the present scope
      of application in medical research but also to suggest areas of future
      development. Studies with relevance to medical research now span the range from
      gas analysis to structural studies of proteins. The advent of new ionisation
      techniques has brought applications which stretch the capabilities of
      'traditional' mass analysers (such as magnetic sector instruments) and
      alternative techniques (time-of-flight, ion cyclotron resonance) are finding
      increasing favour. Such developments represent, in general, pure research with
      little immediate impact on clinical practice. Another trend in instrumentation,
      however, is the development of relatively simple and inexpensive quadrupole mass
      spectrometers which give adequate performance for gas analyses and rapid GC-MS
      determinations of drugs or endogenous metabolites. It is likely that this
      divergent trend in medical mass spectrometry--both to more complex research
      instruments and to simpler routine instruments for the non-specialist--will
      continue.

PMID- 3886270
TI  - Anaesthetic risks in osteoarticular disorders.
AB  - Anaesthesia in patients with either treated or untreated osteo-articular
      disorders poses a number of specific problems. The authors deal with risks
      resulting from mechanical deformities produced by these disorders, by the
      involvement of a large number of functional systems, by changes in the immune
      status of such patients and by alterations in the reactions of arthritic patients
      resulting from prior or concurrent treatments. The authors emphasize the crucial
      points which require evaluation and observation before and during anaesthesia.

PMID- 3886272
TI  - Influence of random noise on the accuracy of the indicator-dilution method.

PMID- 3886273
TI  - Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of hematologic diseases.
AB  - The current use of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in various hematologic
      diseases is reviewed. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) involves infusion of bone
      marrow from a suitable donor into a properly conditioned recipient. Most BMT is
      allogeneic, in which the donor is genetically dissimilar but shares some common
      tissue antigens with the recipient. Almost all patients undergoing allogeneic BMT
      must be "prepared" with high-dose cyclophosphamide to prevent graft rejection.
      Most patients with hematologic malignancy also receive total body irradiation to
      eradicate malignant cells located in areas inaccessible to the systemic
      circulation. Bone marrow transplantation is the treatment of choice for severe
      aplastic anemia. In acute myelogenous leukemia, the best results are observed in
      young patients undergoing BMT in first remission. In acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia, BMT is usually reserved for patients in second or subsequent remission.
      Early results are promising in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia who
      receive BMT before the accelerated phase or blast crisis of this disease.
      Allogeneic BMT offers an opportunity for cure in some patients with relapses of
      Hodgkin's disease or those with certain subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Other
      diseases for which BMT has been used include severe combined immune deficiency
      disease, Fanconi's anemia, and multiple myeloma. Complications of BMT include
      graft failure or rejection, acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, and
      infectious complications; late complications, such as restrictive and obstructive
      pulmonary disease, cataracts, sterility, and secondary malignancies, may also
      occur. Bone marrow transplantation has become an important treatment for many
      hematologic diseases, but it will probably remain a treatment reserved for only a
      few highly specialized centers. If morbidity and mortality caused by transplant
      related complications can be reduced, BMT may be offered to older patients and
      those without HLA-identical sibling donors.

PMID- 3886275
TI  - Analysis of historical variables, risk factors and the resting electrocardiogram
      as an aid in the clinical diagnosis of recurrent chest pain.
AB  - A prospective study on 184 consecutive patients presenting with the chief
      complaint of recurrent chest pain (RP) for diagnostic coronary arteriography (CA)
      was conducted utilizing a simple questionnaire of historical, physical and
      electrocardiographic variables. A linear logistic regression analysis yielded a
      final data set of 13 variables. Concurrently, staff cardiologists who obtained
      the questionnaire data through direct questioning rendered a clinical diagnosis
      of either angina (coronary artery disease [CAD]) or noncardiac chest pain.
      Utilization of the regression analysis increased diagnostic accuracy from 69 to
      86% (p less than 0.0003); sensitivity from 83 to 88% (NS) and specificity from 49
      to 84% (p less than 0.0001). The best predictive variables for the presence or
      absence of obstructive CAD documented by CA were in order of decreasing value:
      age, electrocardiogram, pain aggravated by sex, sex (gender), pain aggravated by
      movement, diabetes mellitus, pain described as prickling, pain described as
      burning, pain relieved by rest, pain with radiation to both arms, associated
      nausea, associated dyspnea, and a history of a lipid disorder. Four variables
      were predictive of normal coronary anatomy (NCA), pain aggravated by movement,
      prickling, nausea, and dyspnea. Although this set of predictor variables may not
      apply equally well to all populations of cardiac patients, the availability and
      relative simplicity of the program allow for adding or deleting variables and
      thus provide for considerable potential in the diagnostic assessment of RP. An
      inexpensive pocket computer can utilize the coefficients generated by the
      logistic regression program to calculate the probability of CAD as the cause of
      RP.

PMID- 3886274
TI  - Examiner consistency and group balance at baseline of a caries clinical trial.
AB  - Two experienced investigators (G.L. & H.H.) independently examined 629 children
      in grades 6-9 (ages 10-17 yr) for baseline DMFS data in a clinical trial of a
      caries preventive. The examiners used the same written and visual (slides)
      criteria for dental caries diagnosis, but did not standardize or calibrate their
      methods before or during the survey. Results showed overall mean DMFS scores for
      Examiners 1 and 2 that were remarkably similar, 8.35 and 8.16, respectively;
      coefficients of variation were identical, C.V. = 87%. The reliability coefficient
      for the two sets of data showed that only 4% of the variability in DMFS scores
      was due to examiner inconsistency and other measurement errors. The findings
      indicate that, without undergoing clinical calibration, the two experienced
      examiners attained a high level of agreement in scoring dental caries merely by
      adhering to clearly defined written and visual criteria. Only the 308 children in
      the 6th grade (ages 10-14 yr) participated in the study (children in grades 7-9
      were a reference population). Participants were randomly assigned to one of two
      treatment groups. The allocation procedure produced mean DMFS scores for Groups I
      and II of 7.87 and 6.17 (Examiner 1) and 8.07 and 6.41 (Examiner 2),
      respectively. The mean scores differed by about 21% (II compared with I) for each
      examiner. Both differences were clinically and statistically significant (P less
      than 0.05). Randomized assignment had generated an imbalance of baseline DMF
      scores by group.

PMID- 3886276
TI  - QUICK (QUick Index to Caduceus Knowledge): using the INTERNIST-1/CADUCEUS
      knowledge base as an electronic textbook of medicine.
AB  - QUICK (QUick Index to Caduceus Knowledge), is a prototypical user-friendly access
      system which adapts the INTERNIST-1/CADUCEUS knowledge base for use as an
      electronic textbook of medicine. The QUICK program can be used both as a
      diagnostic aid and a teaching tool in the field of internal medicine. A
      preliminary evaluation of a prototypical version of QUICK was conducted in order
      to identify its strengths and weaknesses. QUICK was made available to the medical
      housestaff at three Pittsburgh area teaching hospitals for a period of 2 months.
      Most users felt QUICK was educational and wanted future access to the system. An
      examination of log files revealed the users' most frequently encountered
      difficulties. Using the INTERNIST-I knowledge base as an electronic textbook
      expands the project's intended audience by providing clinical support for a broad
      group of diagnostic problems.

PMID- 3886277
TI  - Late-onset schizophrenia: a review.

PMID- 3886278
TI  - Oral challenge with balsam of Peru.
AB  - A placebo-controlled, double-blind, oral challenge with balsam of Peru was
      carried out in 221 patients with various types of dermatitis. 210 patients
      completed the study, and 45 of them experienced a flare of their symptoms after
      challenge with balsam of Peru but not after placebo. 15 patients reacted to the
      placebo, and 5 reacted to both balsam and placebo. Specific reactivity to balsam
      of Peru was seen particularly in patients with positive patch tests to this
      compound and in some patch-test-negative patients with vesicular hand eczema, ano
      genital and axillary eczema. Dietary restriction of the intake of balsams was
      followed by marked improvement or clearance of the dermatitis in approximately
      half of the patients who adhered to the diet for at least 1 month.

PMID- 3886279
TI  - Contraceptive futurology or 1984 in 1984.

PMID- 3886280
TI  - Report of a joint National Institutes of Health (NIH)/Agency for International
      Development (AID)/Program for Applied Research in Fertility Regulation (PARFR)
      workshop on research and development of immunological methods of fertility
      regulation, April 16-18, 1984.

PMID- 3886281
TI  - The role of controversy in the progress of ESRD patients.

PMID- 3886282
TI  - What remains of the "middle molecule" hypothesis today?

PMID- 3886283
TI  - Improving the course of diabetic nephropathy.

PMID- 3886284
TI  - Contemporary ESRD therapy: Quagmire or Eschaton.

PMID- 3886285
TI  - Bicarbonate dialysis--so what?

PMID- 3886286
TI  - Membrane selection for renal replacement therapy: a mountain or molehill?

PMID- 3886287
TI  - Using MEDLINE to peruse the literature.

PMID- 3886288
TI  - The amygdala's role in human mnemonic processing.
AB  - The possible role played by the human amygdaloid complex in the processing of
      mnemonic information is examined. First, evidence is reviewed from case reports
      in which amygdaloid damage occurred due to surgical intervention or pathological
      or age-related changes. Then, studies are evaluated in which the amygdala was
      stimulated or in which electrical potentials were recorded from it. Based on this
      survey an hypothesis on the possible involvement of the amygdala in mnemonic
      information processing is proposed. In essence, it is argued that the human
      amygdala is responsible for activating or reactivating those mnemonic events
      which are of an emotional significance for the subjects' life history and that
      this (re-)activation is performed by charging sensory information with
      appropriate emotional cues. Supportive evidence for this hypothesis is given
      based on human case reports, on studies in animals in which information
      processing was determined following amygdaloid lesions, and on evidence of
      neuroanatomical connections of the primate amygdala.

PMID- 3886289
TI  - Factors encouraging laparotomy in acalculous cholecystitis.
AB  - Because it is difficult to diagnose, acalculous cholecystitis in critically ill
      patients is treated frequently in an advanced stage. Three of 1600 cardiac
      surgery ICU admission cases and five of 500 general surgical ICU admission cases
      were analyzed retrospectively to determine which variables expedited diagnosis
      and might have encouraged earlier surgery. Vague right upper quadrant physical
      findings and nonspecific changes in liver function chemistries led frequently to
      radiologic evaluations. Noninvasive diagnostic procedures such as ultrasound and
      hepatobiliary scans were helpful but frequently inconclusive. Of the eight
      patients, the five survivors were diagnosed while still in the hyperdynamic
      hemodynamic state of early sepsis. Cholecystostomy performed early under local
      anesthesia was the safest procedure in this group of critically ill patients.
      After other sources of sepsis such as suppurative phlebitis, yeast septicemia,
      catheter sepsis, and other extra-abdominal sources such as soft-tissue, urinary,
      and pulmonary infections have been ruled out, hemodynamic data obtained from
      pulmonary artery catheters inserted during the early phase of sepsis increase
      diagnostic accuracy and should expedite surgical exploration.

PMID- 3886291
TI  - Frequency and percent inspiratory time for high-frequency jet ventilation.
AB  - A variety of frequencies and percent inspiratory times (%TI) may be used for high
      frequency jet ventilation (HFJV). Five physiologic criteria were used to evaluate
      various combinations of frequency and %TI: mean airway pressure (Paw), cardiac
      output, PaCO2, PaO2, and intrapulmonary shunt (Qsp/Qt). At a constant drive
      pressure, the effects of frequencies of 100, 200, 300, 450, 600, 750, and 900
      cycle/min at %TI values of 20%, 30%, and 40% of the respiratory cycle were
      evaluated and compared with the effects of controlled mechanical ventilation
      (CMV) at 8 to 12 breath/min. Only at 200 cycle/min and 20% TI, were Paw, cardiac
      output, PaCO2, PaO2, and Qsp/Qt all the same as the CMV values. At 100 cycle/min
      and 20% TI, CO2 elimination increased without significantly affecting Paw,
      cardiac output, PaO2, or Qsp/Qt. These data suggest that HFJV might compromise
      one or more physiologic variables at certain combinations of frequency and %TI.
      Therefore, at a fixed drive pressure, there appears to be a narrow range of HFJV
      ventilator settings that should be considered.

PMID- 3886290
TI  - Positive end-expiratory pressure may decrease arterial oxygen tension in the
      presence of a collapsed lung region.
AB  - The effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on PaO2 during collapse of
      a single pulmonary lobe was investigated in seven dogs. Increasing PEEP to the
      ventilated region of lung increased the proportion of cardiac output flowing to
      the collapsed lobe and decreased PaO2 and pH. PaCO2 increased at the onset of
      lobar collapse but was not significantly altered by changes in PEEP. In impaired
      lungs, the benefits of PEEP may be offset by an increase in blood flow to the
      unventilated region and hence lead to a decrease in PaO2.

PMID- 3886292
TI  - Effect of continuous positive-pressure ventilation on oxygenation after pulmonary
      microemboli in dogs.
AB  - We infused starch microemboli (63 to 74-mu diameter) into the external jugular
      vein of 28 dogs, to observe the effects of continuous positive-pressure
      ventilation (CPPV) on gas exchange and hemodynamics during hypoxemia (PaO2 53 +/-
      3 torr). CPPV at both 10 and 15 cm H2O end-tidal pressure improved PaO2. CPPV 15
      returned PaO2 and pulmonary shunt to control values but reduced cardiac output,
      O2 transport, and O2 consumption. In spite of these changes suggesting inadequate
      tissue oxygenation with CPPV 15, mixed venous oxygenation was not reduced. We
      conclude that: (a) hypoxemia after microemboli infusion is improved by CPPV and
      therefore likely caused by ventilation/perfusion abnormalities; (b) the
      improvement in PaO2 produced by CPPV after microemboli is not beneficial if CPPV
      reduces perfusion and O2 transport; and (c) mixed venous oxygenation does not
      appear to be an adequate measure of oxygen transport to tissues when CPPV is
      applied in this high pulmonary vascular resistance setting.

PMID- 3886293
TI  - In vivo validation of the thermal-green dye technique for measuring extravascular
      lung water.
AB  - Assessment of extravascular lung water (EVLW) is imprecise in vivo, yet of both
      clinical and investigative relevance in patients with cardiac disease. Recently,
      a double-indicator method using thermal-green dye has been proposed as a
      nondestructive technique for in vivo quantification of EVLW. In our 5-yr study,
      indocyanine green dye was used as the intravascular indicator and heat as the
      diffusible indicator in 44 control dogs, 74 dogs administered intravenous oleic
      acid, 63 dogs in whom left atrial pressure was altered with a left atrial
      balloon, and 31 dogs with low-output cardiac failure (electrical shock and
      complete heart block). In these animals, in vivo measures of EVLW correlated
      closely with standard gravimetric techniques (r = 0.87, p less than .001),
      although the indicator dilution technique tended to underestimate actual lung
      water at higher volumes. In an additional 26 dogs, fluid (lactated Ringer's
      solution) was administered directly into a distal pulmonary airway, producing
      alveolar rather than interstitial edema. In these animals, as the infused volume
      was increased, the thermal technique underestimated consistently the actual
      amount of infused fluid. Nonetheless, we conclude that in most clinical and
      experimental situations where moderate changes in lung water are anticipated,
      this technique can provide reasonable estimates of extravascular fluid
      accumulation.

PMID- 3886294
TI  - Positive-pressure breathing vs. incentive spirometry.

PMID- 3886295
TI  - Current concepts in computerized tomography of the mediastinum.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) has dramatically changed the imaging approach to the
      mediastinum. CT can depict precise cross-sectional mediastinal anatomic detail
      defining fat, water, and near muscle density tissues. Not only diagnosis but
      staging of some disease processes is now possible. The key to understanding the
      mediastinum is a sound knowledge of normal mediastinal anatomy and the potential
      disease processes which may affect the mediastinum. Normal CT mediastinal anatomy
      is illustrated and discussed. Pathological processes involving the thymus,
      lymphatics, endocrine systems, and great vessels are emphasized describing their
      clinical presentations, appearance, and the techniques of examination.

PMID- 3886296
TI  - Computed tomography and ultrasound appearance of bladder malacoplakia.
AB  - The computed tomography and ultrasound findings of two patients with malacoplakia
      of the bladder, both at the time of initial diagnosis and following response to
      treatment, are presented. Because bladder wall involvement is demonstrated by
      these modalities in female patients with repeated episodes of urinary tract
      infection, this entity should be entertained in the differential diagnosis.

PMID- 3886297
TI  - Computed tomography detection of transplant renal artery pseudoaneurysm.
AB  - Clinically unsuspected pseudoaneurysm formation of the arterial anastomosis in a
      patient with a renal transplant was initially diagnosed by computed tomography.
      This rare but serious complication can also be detected by ultrasound or
      radionuclide flow study, as shown in our patient. An awareness of this lesion and
      familiarity with its appearance can permit its early detection before
      exsanguinating hemorrhage occurs.

PMID- 3886298
TI  - Relief of morning stiffness: a comparative study of naproxen and ibuprofen.
AB  - Morning stiffness in 75 patients with mild to moderate rheumatoid arthritis was
      treated with 1600 mg ibuprofen 4-times daily or 750 mg naproxen twice daily after
      a placebo-induced flare of this symptom. With the final daily dose of each drug
      administered at bedtime, both drugs significantly reduced the duration and
      severity of morning stiffness compared to baseline values but, on average,
      duration of morning stiffness tended to be shorter for naproxen patients than for
      ibuprofen patients. No corresponding between-drug difference was found for
      severity of morning stiffness.

PMID- 3886299
TI  - An open study of 1.5 g naproxen daily in osteoarthritis.
AB  - Sixty-two patients requiring regular treatment for osteoarthritis were entered
      into a 6-month open assessment of 1.5 g naproxen daily. Fourteen patients
      withdrew from the study because of side-effects, 9 because of poor efficacy and 2
      for a combination of these reasons. Most side-effects related to the gastro
      intestinal tract and were not of a serious nature, although 1 patient had a
      gastro-intestinal bleed at 24 weeks. A further patient developed neutropenia, but
      its relationship to naproxen therapy was considered unknown. Short-term studies
      of 1.5 g naproxen daily have shown an increased efficacy compared to lower doses
      with no increase in side-effects. It is concluded that the results of this study
      increase the confidence with which such a dose can be used.

PMID- 3886300
TI  - Efficacy of econazole ('Gyno-Pevaryl' 150) in vaginal candidosis during
      pregnancy.
AB  - An open, multi-centre study was carried out in 117 pregnant women presenting with
      vaginal candidosis to assess the effectiveness of econazole in providing
      mycological control and symptom relief, and in preventing, as far as possible,
      the risk of contamination of the newborn: nearly 50% of the patients were in the
      last month of pregnancy. Patients received a single course of econazole given as
      1 vaginal pessary (150 mg) on 3 consecutive days. Clinical and mycological
      assessments were made 1 week after the end of treatment and again at delivery,
      unless it happened before the first control visit. The infants were investigated
      at birth and 1 week afterwards. An 80% mycological cure rate was obtained and
      there was complete or marked relief of symptoms in the majority of patients after
      treatment. Twenty patients received further antimycotic treatment before delivery
      either because of failure (13) or relapse (7) after the single course of
      econazole. The relapse rate was 13.3%. No congenital abnormality was observed in
      the neonates and only 1 infant, born to a mother who was positive for Candida at
      the time of delivery, developed oral candidosis. Local tolerance of the vaginal
      pessaries was good and there were no reports of side-effects.

PMID- 3886301
TI  - Atenolol and chlorthalidone in combination in the management of older
      hypertensive patients: a randomized clinical trial.
AB  - In a double-blind, crossover study in 100 elderly hypertensive patients, the
      hypotensive effect of a fixed combination of atenolol (50 mg) with chlorthalidone
      (12.5 mg) was compared with that of each of its component drugs given alone.
      Patients were allocated at random into two groups: one group received treatment
      for 4 weeks with either the combination or atenolol alone before being crossed
      over to the alternative medication for a further 4 weeks; the other group
      received either the combination or chlorthalidone alone and followed the same
      treatment pattern. Dosage was a single tablet per day given in the morning. Blood
      pressure and pulse rate were measured approximately 24 hours after dosing at the
      end of each treatment period. The results showed that significantly lower blood
      pressures were achieved, both in the standing and lying positions, with the
      combination than with either atenolol or chlorthalidone used alone. Combination
      treatment was well tolerated, few side-effects being reported and there was no
      significant disturbance of plasma electrolytes.

PMID- 3886302
TI  - Changes during travel in the composition and antibiotic resistance pattern of the
      intestinal Enterobacteriaceae flora: results from a study of mecillinam
      prophylaxis against travellers' diarrhoea.
AB  - A randomized double-blind study was carried out in a group of Danish students
      visiting Mexico for 2 weeks to investigate the efficacy of mecillinam when given
      orally in preventing travellers' diarrhoea. The subjects took either 200 mg
      mecillinam daily as a single dose or placebo for 14 days. Nine (56%) out of 16
      taking placebo and 3 (19%) out of 16 taking mecillinam developed travellers'
      diarrhoea (p less than 0.05). The pathogenic aetiology was not ascertained. A
      complete change in the Enterobacteriaceae flora took place during travel. A
      highly antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae flora was acquired in Mexico in
      subjects on mecillinam prophylaxis as well as on placebo. Selection of mecillinam
      resistant bacteria was minimal.

PMID- 3886303
TI  - The effect of tiaprofenic acid on blood pressure control in treated hypertensive
      patients.
AB  - Eleven patients with osteoarthritis and mild hypertension completed an 8-week,
      double-blind crossover study in which 200 mg tiaprofenic acid 3-times daily or
      placebo were substituted for their normal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
      therapy. Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher on tiaprofenic acid
      therapy than on placebo and plasma renin activity was significantly lower on
      active treatment. No significant changes were seen in biochemical parameters,
      though the weight of the patient was also higher on tiaprofenic acid than on
      placebo. Duration of morning stiffness was also lower on tiaprofenic acid than on
      placebo. Blood pressure on tiaprofenic acid was not different from baseline
      readings on other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. This study
      suggests that tiaprofenic acid, like other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
      agents, may interfere with blood pressure control in treated hypertensive
      patients.

PMID- 3886304
TI  - A placebo-controlled comparative study of sustained-release brompheniramine
      maleate against clemastine fumarate in the treatment of chronic urticaria.
AB  - A partially-blind, three-way crossover study was carried out in 24 patients
      suffering from chronic urticaria to compare the efficacy and tolerance of
      brompheniramine maleate with that of clemastine fumarate. Patients received 4
      week courses of treatment with 1 tablet twice daily of either 12 mg
      brompheniramine, 1 mg clemastine or placebo, in random order. Assessments were
      made by the physician of the patients' condition on entry and of response to
      treatment at the end of each 2-week period throughout the 12-week study period.
      At the end of the trial, patients were asked to state their preference, if any,
      for the different treatments. The results showed that both antihistamines were
      significantly effective compared to placebo and that at the dosage used
      brompheniramine was considered significantly better than clemastine in long-term
      control. Drowsiness was experienced by 4 patients whilst taking brompheniramine
      compared to 3 patients whilst taking clemastine. One patient experienced anorexia
      and vomiting with brompheniramine and 4 patients developed gastro-intestinal
      upsets whilst taking the placebo.

PMID- 3886306
TI  - Beneficial results of pentoxifylline ('Trental') therapy in arteriosclerosis
      obliterans: possible mechanism of action.
AB  - A study was carried out in 17 patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans to assess
      the effectiveness of treatment with pentoxifylline ('Trental') and to investigate
      its possible mechanism of action. Patients received pentoxifylline on a combined
      intravenous/oral dosage regimen for 3 weeks and then were maintained on 800 mg
      orally for a further 2 weeks. The results showed that there was clinical
      improvement in 16 patients which was evident as a significant increase in the
      pain-free walking distance and blood flow in ischaemic legs, and the
      disappearance of rest pain. These changes were seen as soon as 1 week after the
      start of treatment. At the same time, an increase was observed in platelet
      sensitivity to the anti-aggregatory action of endogenous PGI2, as well as an
      activation of fibrinolysis in blood. After 5 weeks of treatment, further
      improvement was observed; however, platelets were no more hypersensitive to PGI2,
      and fibrinolytic activity of blood returned to the previous value. In experiments
      ex vivo, no release of a disaggregatory substance into blood was observed after a
      single bolus intravenous injection of pentoxifylline in patients with
      arteriosclerosis obliterans. It is concluded that the beneficial results of
      pentoxifylline therapy in such patients may be explained partially by a
      potentiation of the action of endogenous PGI2.

PMID- 3886305
TI  - High-dose alizapride versus high-dose domperidone: a double-blind comparative
      study in the management of cis-platinum-induced emesis.
AB  - A double-blind, randomized crossover trial was carried out in 44 cancer patients
      receiving chemotherapy with cis-platinum to compare the anti-emetic effectiveness
      and tolerance of alizapride and domperidone given in high dosage. Patients
      received 5 administrations of either 4 mg alizapride/kg body weight or 0.6 mg
      domperidone/kg during a chemotherapy session and then the alternative anti-emetic
      during the next session. Treatment order was randomized. Patients were followed
      up for 12 hours and details recorded of the total time during which there was
      some nausea, the duration of mild and severe nausea, and the number of episodes
      of mild and severe vomiting. A note was also made of the duration of mild and
      moderate sedation, and the incidence and severity of any other side-effects
      either probably or possibly related to anti-emetic medication. The investigator
      gave an overall assessment of the severity of nausea and vomiting experienced
      during each chemotherapy session and an opinion on the comparative effectiveness
      of the two anti-emetics. At the end of the two sessions, patients were asked to
      state a preference, if any, for one or other treatment and to select which they
      would like to have for their next chemotherapy session. The results showed that
      whilst both alizapride and domperidone appeared to be equally effective in
      limiting mild nausea, alizapride was significantly better in preventing severe
      nausea and episodes of vomiting. In those cases where a positive choice between
      treatments was made, alizapride was considered to be significantly better than
      domperidone by the investigator and more patients preferred alizapride and would
      select it for their next session.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3886307
TI  - Antihypertensive efficacy and tolerance of penbutolol: results of a co-operative
      study in 227 patients.
AB  - An open, co-operative study was carried out in 227 patients with mild to severe
      essential hypertension to assess the efficacy and tolerance of penbutolol, given
      as monotherapy, in controlling blood pressure. Patients received a single daily
      dose (40 mg in the majority) for 8 weeks and were assessed every 2 weeks. The
      results showed that there was a significant reduction (p less than 0.01) in
      systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure and in pulse rate after 2
      weeks compared with pre-treatment values, and there was a further significant
      reduction (p less than 0.01) comparing 8-week values with those measured after 2
      weeks. Response to treatment did not differ significantly between those patients
      who were newly diagnosed and those who had received previous antihypertensive
      medication. The largest percentage reduction in blood pressure from initial
      values was recorded in those patients with the more severe hypertension
      (diastolic 116 to 130 mmHg) and a considerable number of all the patients became
      normotensive during the trial period. Records of side-effects indicated a global
      incidence of 17.6%, the most frequently reported being dizziness and mild gastro
      intestinal disorders; only 1 patient complained of bradycardia and another of
      cold extremities. Eighteen (7.9%) patients dropped out of the study due to side
      effects.

PMID- 3886308
TI  - Controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of amitriptyline in relieving
      articular pain and tenderness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Thirty-six patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis participated
      in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess the
      effectiveness of adding amitriptyline to the treatment regimen for the relief of
      pain not adequately controlled by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Dosage
      of amitriptyline was increased gradually up to 25 mg 3-times daily and patients
      were followed up for 12 weeks. Assessments were made of joint pain and tenderness
      every 4 weeks. The results showed no difference between the amitriptyline and
      placebo-treated patients for either parameter.

PMID- 3886309
TI  - Monitoring plasma concentration of nortriptyline. Methodological, pharmakokinetic
      and clinical aspects.

PMID- 3886310
TI  - High-carbohydrate, low-fat diet: effect on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, GIP
      and insulin secretion in diabetics.
AB  - The effects of increasing the dietary polysaccharide content from the customary
      40 percent to 50 percent of total energy intake were examined in a metabolic ward
      cross-over study of eight noninsulin dependent diabetic patients with normal
      fasting C-peptide concentration. The aim was to study the effect of a raised
      carbohydrate content; therefore, the fibre content of the diet was kept
      approximately constant. Patients had been treated with diet alone, and the high
      carbohydrate (HC) observation period lasted for two weeks. Blood glucose was
      significantly increased postprandially in the HC period (11.8 +/- 0.3 versus 10.7
      +/- 0.4 mmol/l), and this was accompanied by significantly raised immunoreactive
      insulin (IRI) concentrations. The secretion of IRI, C-peptide and gastric
      inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) after a standard meal-challenge at the end of each
      period were unaffected by the preceding diets. The HC diet was accompanied by
      increasing values of plasma triglyceride (1.13 +/- 0.06 versus 0.97 +/- 0.06
      mmol/l) and VLDL-triglyceride (0.69 +/- 0.04 versus 0.50 +/- 0.04 mmol/l),
      whereas the ketone body concentration was decreased (0.25 +/- 0.03 versus 0.36 +/
      0.05 mmol/l). Both HDL- and LDL cholesterol were decreased by the HC-diet (1.07
      +/- 0.02 versus 1.18 +/- 0.02; 3.45 +/- 0.09 versus 3.89 +/- 0.09 mmol/l,
      respectively), while the LDL to HDL cholesterol concentration ratio remained
      unaffected. Thus, in two weeks, a HC diet resulted in hyperglycaemia,
      hyperinsulinaemia, hypertriglyceridemia and a state of antiketogenesis, without
      any apparent change in the capacity of mealinduced insulin release. LDL- and HDL
      cholesterol were lowered to the same extent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3886312
TI  - IMV systems. Do they make a difference?

PMID- 3886311
TI  - Peroperative penicillins, bacteremia, and pelvic inflammatory disease in
      association with induced first-trimester abortion.
AB  - In a clinical, controlled trial including 474 women, 250 were randomised to
      prophylactic treatment with penicillin/pivampicillin and 224 to placebo
      treatment. Cervical, uterine, and blood cultures were obtained at abortion. In
      the treatment group, 13 percent developed bacteremia versus 14 percent in the
      placebo group. The distribution of species cultured from the cervix and uterus
      was not significantly different from that of the species recovered in the blood.
      A previous report found that women with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease
      (PID) carried a higher risk of contracting postabortal genital infection.
      However, the frequency of bacteremia in these women was not significantly
      different from the frequency in women without previous PID (p greater than 0.3).
      In women with and without postabortal infection, no significant differences were
      observed between the frequencies of bacteremia, either in the antibiotic group (p
      greater than 0.9) or in the placebo group (p greater than 0.7), suggesting that
      the release of bacteria into the blood stream from the instrumented tissues is
      without pathogenetic importance in postabortal infection.

PMID- 3886314
TI  - Quantitative assessment of global and regional left ventricular function with low
      contrast dose digital subtraction ventriculography.
AB  - Few studies have compared the use of low-contrast dose digital subtraction
      ventriculography with conventional ventriculography for quantitative assessment
      of both global and regional left ventricular function. Accordingly, 34 patients
      underwent conventional ventriculography using 36 ml of ionic contrast material
      and digital ventriculography (mask-mode) using 10 ml of contrast diluted in 10 ml
      of saline and injected over two seconds. Data from two patients were excluded
      because of ectopy during cineventriculography and from one because of ectopy
      during both studies. End-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were calculated from
      both studies by an area-length method and used to calculate ejection fractions.
      Regional wall motion was quantitated by the centerline method. Results of linear
      regression analysis demonstrated high correlations for all parameters (end
      diastolic volume, r = 0.85; end-systolic volume, r = 0.93; ejection fraction, r =
      0.92; quantitative regional wall motion, r = 0.90). Thus, low-contrast dose
      digital subtraction ventriculography provides an accurate assessment of both
      global and regional ventricular function and minimizes the required dose and
      inherent risks of contrast media.

PMID- 3886313
TI  - Thermal dye measurements of extravascular lung water in critically ill patients.
      Intravascular Starling forces and extravascular lung water in the adult
      respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - To assess the concurrent influence on extravascular lung water (EVLW) content of
      the intravascular Starling forces, the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP),
      and the colloid osmotic pressure (COP), we measured EVLW by the thermal green dye
      technique in 174 patients with and without radiographically defined pulmonary
      edema; in the former group, patients with cardiac (CPE) and noncardiac (NCPE)
      causes of pulmonary edema were compared (study A). In 119 patients, EVLW was
      again measured one to three days later (study B). Patients with CPE demonstrated
      a significantly lower EVLW (9.3 +/- 3.9 ml/kg) (mean +/- SD) than patients with
      NCPE (14.5 +/- 4.9 ml/kg; p less than 0.05), despite a higher mean PCWP in the
      former group (20 +/- 7 mm Hg) than in the latter (12 +/- 6 mm Hg; p less than
      0.05). In patients potentially with only a hydrostatic cause of pulmonary edema
      in study A, regression analysis demonstrated the following: EVLW = 3.2 + 0.30
      PCWP (r2 = 0.38; p less than 0.005); and in patients with NCPE, EVLW = 10.9 +
      0.304 PCWP (r2 = 0.17; p less than 0.01). In study B the change (delta) in EVLW
      between the two studies was described as follows: delta EVLW = 0.25 + 0.173 delta
      PCWP (p less than 0.01) + 0.663 group NCPE (p, not significant) + 0.236 group
      NCPE X delta PCWP (p less than 0.01). This latter equation indicated that the
      EVLW content manifested a greater change with concurrent alterations in the PCWP
      in patients with NCPE than was found in patients with only a hydrostatic
      influence to EVLW formation. Therefore, NCPE is characterized by a greater
      measurable thermal green dye EVLW than is observed in CPE at any given PCWP, and
      the PCWP synergistically influences EVLW accumulation in both CPE and NCPE.

PMID- 3886315
TI  - Demand and continuous flow intermittent mandatory ventilation systems.
AB  - A mechanical lung was used to evaluate the pressure and flow characteristics of
      four demand and two continuous flow intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV)
      systems. The amount of negative pressure required to initiate inspiratory flow
      and peak expiratory resistance were measured. The inspiratory pressure required
      to initiate flow in the demand mode was also compared to pressures generated in
      the assist mode. In addition, the peak expiratory resistance was measured with
      four commercially available exhalation valves. Results showed that the ventilator
      manometer measuring internal machine pressures significantly underestimated the
      amount of negative pressure required to open the demand valve (p less than 0.01).
      There are major differences in the flow and pressure characteristics among demand
      and continuous flow IMV systems. Systems that impose high inspiratory elastic
      threshold loads and expiratory flow resistive loads may have a deleterious effect
      on the mechanics of breathing, and thereby limit weaning success and eventually
      impair the recovery of certain patients in respiratory failure. The basic
      methodology, especially the simple technique of inserting an aneroid manometer in
      line next to a patient's ET tube, for measuring proximal negative inspiratory
      force (NIF test) can be easily applied to any and all ventilators at any
      practitioner's individual institution.

PMID- 3886316
TI  - James Jackson, Jr., the young pulmonologist who described familial emphysema. An
      historical footnote.

PMID- 3886317
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage and the immunology of primary lung cancer.
AB  - Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a powerful tool with which the immunology of the
      lung in health and disease can be studied. This technique has been successfully
      used to characterize localized humoral and cell-mediated responses in sarcoidosis
      and a number of other interstitial pneumonitides. In contrast, BAL in patients
      with lung cancer has resulted in some confusion regarding the extent and type of
      local and systemic immunity in these patients. This review summarizes some of the
      data obtained from these patients via BAL, but does not attempt to explain the
      reported discrepancies. The objective of this review is rather to identify gaps
      which exist in our knowledge of the environmental factors influencing pulmonary
      immunity in primary lung cancer.

PMID- 3886318
TI  - Adult dysphagia lusoria. Treatment by arterial division and reestablishment of
      vascular continuity.
AB  - The case of a 27-year-old woman with dysphagia secondary to esophageal
      compression by an anomalous right subclavian artery is presented. Division of the
      anomalous vessel at its origin and revascularization of the right upper extremity
      by direct end-to-side anastomosis to the ascending aortic arch was accomplished
      through a right anterolateral thoracotomy. We believe this is the preferred
      surgical treatment of dysphagia lusoria in the adult.

PMID- 3886319
TI  - In vitro effects of the combination of nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim against
      sensitive and nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim-resistant Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - The combination of subinhibitory concentrations of trimethoprim (Tp) and
      nitrofurantoin (NT) seemed additively inhibitory against sensitive Escherichia
      coli K12, chromosomally mediated NT, R-plasmid mediated Tp and NT-resistant E.
      coli strains, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of 6
      micrograms/NT/ml and 2 micrograms Tp/ml against the sensitive strain were
      respectively reduced 5-fold by a minimum inhibitory combination of Tp + NT. The
      30-fold chromosomally mediated and 15-fold R-plasmid NT resistance were 3- and 5
      fold respectively reduced by a minimum inhibitory combination of Tp + NT. The
      minimum inhibitory combination of Tp + NT also reduced more than 20-fold the at
      least 1,000-fold resistance level of the R-plasmid mediated Tp resistance. This
      in vitro activity of NT and Tp could be of clinical relevance in the therapy of
      urinary tract infections due to multiple antibiotic-resistant strains.

PMID- 3886320
TI  - Behavior problems of peer-neglected and peer-rejected elementary-age children:
      parent and teacher perspectives.
AB  - Rejected, neglected, popular, and average-status children were selected on the
      basis of positive and negative sociometric measures from a total sample of 870 8-
      and 11-year-old children. Teachers completed the School Behavior Checklist and
      parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist for selected children. No age or
      sex differences were found. On both scales, rejected children were found to
      exhibit more behavior problems than neglected, popular, or average children.
      Neglected children did not exhibit more behavior problems than children of
      average status.

PMID- 3886321
TI  - Families and individual development: provocations from the field of family
      therapy.
AB  - Family therapy suggests a reformulation of concept and method in studying the
      family and individual development: to regard the family as an organized system
      and the individual as a contributing member, part of the process that creates and
      maintains the patterns that regulate behavior. In this review, the theories and
      clinical experiences of family therapists are regarded as a resource for
      developmental psychology, and particular attention is paid to those aspects that
      challenge traditional formulations in the developmental field. The review focuses
      on systems theory as the paradigm underlying family therapy and considers the
      implications of this framework for conceptions of the individual, the study of
      parent-child interaction, and new research formulations and areas of study. It
      also considers trends in the developmental field that move toward such
      formulations.

PMID- 3886322
TI  - The meaning of maternal employment for mothers and their perceptions of their
      three-year-old children.
AB  - The relationships between features of the maternal employment situation and
      mothers' positive descriptions of their 3-year-old children were investigated in
      a sample of 152 white, 2-parent families. Employed mothers' positive motivation
      for working, low role conflict, and gains in self-worth were all associated with
      mothers' favorable descriptions of their children. Although sociodemographic
      characteristics of mothers and their families were found to significantly predict
      maternal employment status, these demographic differences did not account for
      variation in mothers' positive perceptions of their children. Personal motivation
      for working was associated with the degree of role conflict, job satisfaction,
      and enjoyment of personal contact experienced by employed mothers. Meanwhile,
      maternal higher education was found to be a powerful mitigator of possible
      negative consequences for children whose mothers were working from financial
      necessity or were experiencing role conflict. This was especially true for
      positive perceptions of daughters.

PMID- 3886323
TI  - Fathers' birth attendance, early contact, and extended contact with their
      newborns: a critical review.
AB  - Research concerning fathers' birth attendance, early contact, and extended
      contact with newborn infants is reviewed in this paper. Relationships between
      fathers' early history with infants and subsequent patterns of involvement are
      discussed. The methodological challenges of studying the effects of fathers'
      birth attendance and early contact with infants are considered. In contrast to
      popular belief, no conclusive statements can be made at this time concerning the
      effects of paternal birth attendance, early contact, and extended contact on
      father involvement in infancy. Implications for future research and policy-making
      are discussed.

PMID- 3886324
TI  - [Invagination extraction--a modification of Babcock's varicose vein operation].

PMID- 3886325
TI  - [Stapler suture or single button suture? A controlled clinical study on the
      comparison of both skin closure methods].
AB  - In a controlled randomized clinical trial, skin closure with a skin-stapling
      technique was compared with interrupted sutures on 50 patients (26 sutured and 24
      stapled). The two groups were similar in all important respects. The clinical
      side of the study was to compare 1) the cosmetic results, 2) the time taken to
      close the skin, and 3) advantages and disadvantages of the two techniques by a
      questionnaire completed by the clinical staff. The study suggested a cosmetic
      advantage for the stapling when the results at 6th postop. week were compared.
      The only significant difference was in cross hatching (22 out of 26 sutured
      wounds but none of the 24 stapled) which was predominantly visible in sutured
      wounds. A clear difference was found in operating time. Skin closure with
      interrupted sutures took 310s, compared with 122s for stapling (alpha = 0,001).
      Similarly time required to remove the closure material was less with the staples
      than with sutures. Staples are more expensive than sutures. However the advantage
      of the staples over the suture in avoiding cross hatching is significant as well
      as time saving.

PMID- 3886326
TI  - [Zipper as a new method of temporary abdominal wall closure in abdominal
      surgery].

PMID- 3886328
TI  - [Short-term and multiple fetal liver transplantations for the treatment of
      aplastic anemia: report of 15 cases].

PMID- 3886327
TI  - Synaptonemal complexes of normal and mutant yeast chromosomes (Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae).
AB  - Synaptonemal complex (SC) analysis of six laboratory yeast strains showed the SC
      karyotypes to be repeatable within strains. Chromosomal differences were found
      between strains. In five of the strains, two SCs insert into the nucleolus. This
      represents a single bivalent with a nucleolar organizer in a medial position as
      is suggested by genetic data or two bivalents each with a terminal nucleolar
      organizer. In the first interpretation, n = 16; in the second, n = 17. Strain
      Tris has a single nucleolar SC and n = 17. In strains DCx374, DCx416 and x8366a
      the genetically determined rearrangements of linkage group III could not be
      identified. Presumably the short SC (0.33 micron) associated with linkage group
      III cannot accommodate an inversion loop or a translocation configuration. The
      strains however were found to harbour a reciprocal translocation involving the
      nucleolar chromosome. Trisomy for one of the longer chromosomes was observed in
      Tris and spo10. It is concluded that rearrangements of the medium and long but
      not short yeast chromosomes can be detected cytologically. Measurements of
      nuclear volumes show SC length to vary with artifactually induced swelling of the
      nucleus. Linear regression of SC length over nuclear radius indicates that actual
      SC length is only about one-half the observed length. As a result the DNA packing
      per SC unit length is higher than previously estimated.

PMID- 3886329
TI  - Role of controlled trials in evaluating preventive medicine procedures.
AB  - A number of large controlled trials evaluating methods of preventing
      cardiovascular disease are reviewed, mainly for their methodological lessons.
      They include trials of treatment for hypertension (Veterans Administration,
      Australian, and the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program); of coronary
      heart disease prevention by drugs (post-infarction beta-blockers, the WHO trial
      of clofibrate, and the Lipid Research Clinics Program); and of health education
      (the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial and the WHO European Multifactorial
      Trial). Although important evidence has emerged, expectations from large trials
      of this kind are now more sober. Their findings have to be considered alongside
      the rest of the evidence, and preventive policy can only be based on a best
      judgment. Any hope of 'proof' is naive.

PMID- 3886330
TI  - The impact of new methods of gene analysis on screening for genetic disease.
AB  - Genetic disease is a major cause of childhood mortality and morbidity in
      developed countries and is an increasing problem in Third World countries.
      Recently developed techniques of direct gene analysis may provide a valuable
      approach for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of a significant number of
      single-gene disorders. However, there are many organizational and educational
      problems to overcome before this new technology can be adapted for widespread
      clinical use.

PMID- 3886331
TI  - [Hysteria and Briquet syndrome].

PMID- 3886332
TI  - [Development and clinical use of fat emulsions].

PMID- 3886333
TI  - Antipyretics and analgesics in children.
AB  - Physicians must carefully consider the appropriate use of antipyretic drugs in
      children. Despite the ubiquitous presence of acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic
      acid in the home, there are many factors to weigh prior to their use. The
      following is a discussion of these factors: efficacy versus toxicity, known
      effects versus uncertain complications of drug therapy. Acetaminophen and
      acetylsalicylic acid have equivalent antipyretic effects. Acetysalicylic acid is
      clearly the better anti-inflammatory drug. Therapeutic misadventures with both
      drugs have resulted in childhood fatalities. Since these medications are not
      restricted to prescription order by a physician, instructions as to their safe
      and appropriate use should become part of 'normal child' counselling by
      physicians to all parents.

PMID- 3886334
TI  - Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Alzheimer's disease is a complex and fascinating entity, clinically and
      neurobiologically. Although originally described as a form of accelerated aging
      in an article that emphasized neuropathology, it is now considered a specific age
      related disease entity, at whatever age it occurs. It is the most common cause of
      the dementia syndrome, probably the fourth most common cause of death in the
      United States and is likely to become more common as the population ages. The
      course is typically an insidious onset of cognitive and behavioral impairment
      progressing more or less steadily over years to profound disability. The classic
      pathologic changes are Alzheimer plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and loss of
      subcortical cells, including particularly the cholinergic cells of the nucleus
      basalis complex. The functional disability can be correlated with the site and
      extent of brain damage, but why these cells deteriorate and die is not known.
      Diagnosis depends on identifying the dementia syndrome in a patient whose course
      is compatible with Alzheimer's disease and in whom no other factors adequate to
      explain the dementia are found. NIH consensus diagnostic criteria are now
      available. Care is symptomatic optimal care of intercurrent illness, and
      pharmacologic, behavioral, and social "splints" to maximize the function of the
      remaining brain. Specific treatments are still in the realm of research, and both
      clinical and basic research on this challenging disorder are active and
      accelerating.

PMID- 3886335
TI  - Long-term results of corneal transplantations in keratoconus patients.
AB  - In this retrospective study all 86 corneal transplantations performed for
      keratoconus in the Rotterdam Eye Hospital between 1969 and 1978 were included.
      Sixty seven perforating and 19 lamellar corneal grafts had been performed. The
      average follow-up was 59 months. Immune reactions occurred 12 times in 11 eyes
      with a perforating corneal graft (16%); in no case did this lead to permanent
      opacities in the graft. The visual result of the perforating graft is in general
      better than that of the lamellar graft. A lamellar graft is indicated, in our
      opinion, when the risk of trauma is high and the opportunities for follow-up
      insufficient, and when the peripheral cornea is markedly thin. In most cases we
      prefer a perforating graft because the results are better.

PMID- 3886336
TI  - [Immunohistochemical research on the development of the LHRH system in the
      development of the rat].

PMID- 3886337
TI  - [Genetic transformation of mouse cells by interphase nuclei enclosed in a lipid
      membrane].

PMID- 3886338
TI  - [Lytic action of serine proteinase from Bacillus brevis on Candida utilis cells:
      its dependence on the growth stage and budding phase of the yeast].

PMID- 3886339
TI  - [Monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy].

PMID- 3886340
TI  - [Healing rates following omeprazole and ranitidine treatment of gastric ulcer.
      Results of a German multicenter study].
AB  - The effectiveness of omeprazole (20 mg orally each morning) or ranitidine (150 mg
      orally twice daily) in the treatment of gastric ulcer was compared in 184 out
      patient in a randomized, endoscopically controlled multi-centre double-blind
      ("double dummy") trial. Healing rates with omeprazole after two, four and eight
      weeks were 43, 81 and 95%, respectively, those with ranitidine were 45, 80 and
      90%, a statistically not significant difference. Independently of medication,
      small ulcers (less than 8 mm diameter) healed more quickly than larger ones.
      Ulcers in the body of the stomach responded poorest to both drugs. Smoking had no
      statistically significant effect on healing rate. Omeprazole and ranitidine had
      similarly favourable effects on symptoms. Neither side effects nor changes in
      biochemical parameters could be ascribed to omeprazole. Both drugs had equivalent
      effects on the healing of gastric ulcers in the stated dosages.

PMID- 3886341
TI  - [Diagnostic use of monoclonal antibodies].

PMID- 3886342
TI  - [Severe hemolysis during immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporin A following
      kidney transplantation].

PMID- 3886343
TI  - [Treatment of schizophrenia without symptoms with viloxazine].

PMID- 3886344
TI  - [Optical measuring of pulse rate in free-ranging cattle kept in groups].

PMID- 3886345
TI  - [Varroatosis control in West Germany (current status and future prospects)].

PMID- 3886346
TI  - [Bovine luteal tissue and its endocrine functions from a morphological
      viewpoint].

PMID- 3886347
TI  - [Alfaprostol for the induction of ovulation during estrus in the mare (2)].

PMID- 3886348
TI  - [Effect of regional intravenous anesthesia and antibiosis on the tissue pH of the
      extremities in cattle].

PMID- 3886350
TI  - [Efficacy of the preparation Phospho-jet in the treatment of puerperal
      hemoglobinuria in dairy cows in Greece].

PMID- 3886349
TI  - [Serological studies of pigeon sera for antibodies against a paramyxovirus
      isolate and Newcastle disease virus following recovery from paramyxovirus
      infection and after vaccination with a live and dead vaccine].

PMID- 3886351
TI  - [Genetic and functional effects on fiber type composition and fiber diameters in
      the longissimus muscle of the thorax and the semitendinous muscle of swine.
      Studies of exercised domestic swine and wild swine kept under restricted
      mobility].

PMID- 3886352
TI  - Transdermal hyoscine (Scopolamine). A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic
      properties and therapeutic efficacy.
AB  - Hyoscine (scopolamine) is a competitive inhibitor of the muscarinic receptors of
      acetylcholine and it has been shown to be one of the most effective agents for
      preventing motion sickness. However, a relatively high incidence of side effects
      and a short duration of action has restricted the usefulness of this agent when
      administered orally or parenterally, and to counter this a novel transdermal
      preparation of hyoscine has been developed. Pharmacokinetic studies indicate that
      this new method for administering hyoscine controls the absorption process and
      the rate of drug entry into the systemic circulation over an extended period (72
      hours), providing a means of delivery which is similar to a slow intravenous
      infusion. However, recent evidence suggests that the response to transdermal
      hyoscine treatment is variable and this may reflect pharmacokinetic differences
      between individuals. Controlled therapeutic trials have indicated that a single
      transdermal hyoscine patch is significantly superior to placebo and oral
      meclozine (meclizine) in preventing motion sickness. Trials comparing transdermal
      hyoscine with oral dimenhydrinate have failed to establish any significant
      differences in efficacy between the 2 drugs in small numbers of subjects,
      although there was always a more favourable trend towards the transdermal system.
      In patients with acute vertigo, transdermal hyoscine and oral meclozine were
      equally efficacious and both were significantly better than placebo in reducing
      the number of attacks of vertigo. Although transdermal hyoscine has been
      associated with a lower incidence of side effects than orally or parenterally
      administered hyoscine hydrobromide, adverse systemic effects have still been
      frequently reported. Most commonly cited have been dry mouth, drowsiness and
      impairment of ocular accommodation, including blurred vision and mydriasis (some
      ocular effects reported may be due to finger-to-eye contamination). Adverse
      central nervous system (CNS) effects, difficulty in urinating, rashes and
      erythema have been reported only occasionally. Thus, preliminary evidence
      suggests transdermal hyoscine may offer an effective and conveniently
      administered alternative for the prevention of motion-induced nausea and vomiting
      in certain situations. However, the duration of its clinical effectiveness, and
      its relative efficacy and tolerability compared with other agents needs to be
      confirmed in a few additional well-designed studies.

PMID- 3886353
TI  - Tiaprofenic acid. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic
      efficacy in rheumatic diseases and pain states.
AB  - Tiaprofenic acid is a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent advocated for use
      in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, musculoskeletal disorders, soft-tissue
      injuries and inflammatory conditions and acute pain of varying origin. Published
      data suggest that tiaprofenic acid 600 mg daily in 2 or 3 divided doses is
      comparable in effectiveness with aspirin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin,
      naproxen, piroxicam and sulindac in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and
      osteoarthritis. More controlled clinical trials are necessary to evaluate its
      potential in rheumatic conditions other than rheumatoid arthritis and
      osteoarthritis. In controlled studies in patients with acute pain following
      surgery or trauma, tiaprofenic acid was more effective than placebo and as
      effective as aspirin and indomethacin. While tiaprofenic acid produced fewer side
      effects than aspirin in rheumatoid arthritis treatment, and indomethacin in the
      treatment of osteoarthritis, results have generally shown the short term
      tolerability of tiaprofenic acid to be similar to that of other non-steroidal
      anti-inflammatory drugs. As no one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents
      is the most suitable drug for all patients requiring such therapy, tiaprofenic
      acid should be considered along with other drugs of this type in the therapy of
      arthritic conditions and of acute postoperative or posttraumatic pain.

PMID- 3886354
TI  - Current guidelines on the use of antibacterial drugs in patients with
      malignancies.
AB  - Patients with malignant disease may be predisposed to bacterial infections
      because of neoplastic disruption of normal tissue barriers, exogenous
      immunosuppressive therapy (drugs with or without radiation), and intrinsic host
      immune deficits secondary to these diseases. Diminished polymorphonuclear
      leucocyte numbers or function and impaired humoral immunity are highly correlated
      with the development of serious bacterial infections. The usual signs and
      symptoms of infection may be absent or altered in a compromised host. Therapy
      must be instituted promptly upon clinical suspicion of bacterial infection, and
      empirical choices should usually include combinations that are synergistic for
      likely pathogens based on knowledge of the local predominant flora and
      susceptibility data. Synergism has most often been demonstrated in combinations
      that utilise a beta-lactam (semisynthetic penicillin or cephalosporin) and an
      aminoglycoside. Triple drug therapy has not been shown to be advantageous.
      Monotherapy with third generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams, or
      ureidopenicillins has not been proven to offer advantages over 2-drug regimens
      for these patients. Granulocytopenic patients who respond to 2-drug therapy but
      remain neutropenic may need continued treatment until the neutropenia subsides.
      Those who do not respond and remain febrile with an unclear focus may need to be
      started on antifungal therapy in addition to the antibacterial agent. The use of
      oral agents for the prophylaxis of neutropenic patients against bacteraemia
      remains controversial. If drugs are used, co-trimoxazole and nystatin suspension
      may be preferable.

PMID- 3886355
TI  - Vascular changes in hypertension. Therapeutic implications.
AB  - A review of the general nature of cardiovascular structural adaptation and how
      this per se normal process becomes of key haemodynamic importance for the
      development of primary hypertension, particularly with respect to the gradual
      elevation of systemic precapillary resistance is presented. Because of the
      structural 'upward resetting' of the haemodynamic equilibrium, antihypertensive
      therapy in reality faces a far more formidable task in chronic hypertension than
      merely 'normalising' a supposedly raised vascular smooth muscle activity or/and
      cardiac output. Rather, it must bring about sub-normal activity levels to
      normalise the arterial pressure level, and only when such a pressure lowering has
      been sustained enough to allow for structural regression towards normal
      dimensions is a true normalisation achieved. However, the process of structural
      regression takes time and is complicated by the fact that the often long duration
      of the high-pressure state has led to structural changes which can be quite
      difficult to reverse. Finally, physiological-haemodynamic reasons are discussed
      which direct pharmacological interferences preferentially towards the pronounced
      myogenic activity of the precapillary resistance vessels, which both in normo-
      and hypertension is by far the most dominating element behind resting smooth
      muscle activity in these vessels and is, moreover, especially dependent on influx
      of external calcium ions. As the raised precapillary resistance (by means of
      'structural autoregulation') represents the key element behind the pressure rise
      in established hypertension, such a pharmacological interference is directed
      towards the proper haemodynamic site and would not directly interfere with the
      neurohormonal integrative control of the circulation.

PMID- 3886356
TI  - Felodipine. A calcium-inhibiting vasodilator in refractory hypertension.
AB  - 12 patients with primary hypertension not adequately controlled on combined
      treatment with diuretics, beta-adrenergic blocking drugs and hydralazine were
      included in the study. The patients were hospitalised and hydralazine
      discontinued. The diuretic and beta-blocking medication was given about 1 hour
      prior to the short term experiments and, following baseline measurements, an oral
      solution of felodipine (0.075-0.1 mg/kg) was ingested. Cardiac output was
      measured (dye dilution technique) and continuous monitoring of intra-aortic blood
      pressure (brachial artery) was performed. In 10 patients, changes in renal plasma
      flow (para-aminohippuric acid clearance) and glomerular filtration rate (51Cr
      EDTA-clearance) were followed over a short period, and in 6 patients repeated
      after 5 to 7 months. Plasma renin activity (radioimmunoassay of angiotensin I)
      was followed, as was plasma concentration of felodipine. A significant
      hypotensive response was seen only 15 minutes after intake of felodipine. The
      maximal response occurred after 30 minutes when mean arterial blood pressure was
      reduced by 24% (from 132 to 102 mm Hg). There was a linear relationship between
      the change in mean arterial blood pressure and log plasma concentration of
      felodipine. Cardiac output increased from 5.1 +/- 1.5 to 6.6 +/- 2.6 L/min (p
      less than 0.01), partly because of increased heart rate from 56 +/- 7.9 to 65 +/-
      9.5 beats/min (p less than 0.01) and partly due to increased stroke volume from
      93 +/- 25 to 103 +/- 34 ml/beat (p less than 0.05). Renal plasma flow increased
      significantly (p less than 0.05) from 343 +/- 138 ml/min to 391 +/- 154 ml/min
      and 400 +/- 149 ml/min, while glomerular filtration rate did not change.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3886357
TI  - Comparative trial of felodipine and nifedipine in refractory hypertension.
AB  - The aim of this study was to compare the new vasodilator felodipine with
      nifedipine in 18 patients with poorly controlled hypertension. The design was a
      double-blind, cross-over study using a double-dummy technique. Felodipine 5mg was
      given 3 times daily and nifedipine 10mg 3 times daily. In case of an
      unsatisfactory blood pressure reduction, the drug dose was doubled. 14 patients
      had the higher dose of felodipine and 16 the higher dose of nifedipine. Both
      agents had good antihypertensive effect. After 1 week's therapy, felodipine
      reduced the blood pressure by 18/12 mm Hg (supine) and 18/13 mm Hg (upright), and
      nifedipine by 19/11 and 24/14 mm Hg, respectively. After 4 weeks' therapy, 12
      hours after drug intake, felodipine reduced the blood pressure by 11/8 mm Hg
      (supine) and 16/8mm Hg (upright), and nifedipine by 3/2 and 6/4 mm Hg,
      respectively. Two patients on nifedipine withdrew from the study due to adverse
      reactions. In general, however, there were few side effects, with no significant
      difference between the drugs.

PMID- 3886358
TI  - Effects of felodipine on rest and exercise heart rate and blood pressure in
      hypertensive patients.

PMID- 3886359
TI  - [Current trends in the treatment of childhood diabetes].

PMID- 3886360
TI  - [Other victims of obesity].

PMID- 3886361
TI  - Promoting perinatal health: is it time for a change of emphasis in research?

PMID- 3886362
TI  - Doppler ultrasound examination of the anterior cerebral arteries of normal
      newborn infants: the effect of postnatal age.
AB  - Twenty-four normal term infants were examined by Doppler ultrasonography of the
      anterior cerebral arteries at least twice in the first 5 days of life. It was
      found by comparison with a duplex Doppler unit that the anterior cerebral
      arteries could be reliably insonated using a continuous wave Doppler ultrasound
      probe without the concomitant use of real time ultrasound sector scanning. It was
      shown that the pulsatility of the velocity waveform decreased and that diastolic
      frequency increased over the 5 days. The significance of, and possible mechanism
      for, this change is discussed.

PMID- 3886363
TI  - A comparison of the mutagenicity of soluble trivalent chromium compounds with
      that of potassium chromate.
AB  - The mutagenic potential of water soluble complexes of trivalent chromium with
      five different amino acids in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA92, TA94, TA98,
      and TA100 was studied. All complexes were nonmutagenic at concentrations up to 50
      mumol/plate in the strains used. In contrast, trivalent chromium chloride was
      slightly mutagenic in TA98 and a considerable increase in numbers of revertants
      was observed in TA94. Hexavalent chromium was nonmutagenic in TA98. Strong
      mutagenic effects were found in TA92, TA94, and TA100. The large difference in
      mutagenicity between trivalent and hexavalent chromium is discussed with respect
      to affinity to extracellular phosphate, diffusability through membranes and
      reactivity with DNA. More definitive statements about the toxicological risks of
      the water soluble chromium complexes requires additional studies with well
      defined compounds in test systems specially suited to study metal complexes.

PMID- 3886364
TI  - Elevated serum HCG level after intravenous LH-RH administration in human
      pregnancies.
AB  - A dose of 100 micrograms synthetic LH-RH was injected intravenously to six
      pregnant women and the serum HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) and serum HCS
      (human chorionic somatomammotropin) were measured before and after the injection.
      Significantly elevated HCG levels were detected after the LH-RH administrations.
      This phenomenon seems to depend on the gestational age. The HCS levels remained
      unchanged. These data indicate that the actual HCG production during the
      pregnancy is lower than the maximal capacity of the chorionic tissue, though
      their gestational age-related patterns are very similar. Furthermore, it is
      suggested that the placenta (generally accepted as a relatively independent
      organ) may be controlled by endocrine factors.

PMID- 3886365
TI  - Decreases in renin and aldosterone secretion in alloxan diabetes: an effect of
      insulin deficiency.
AB  - The effect in the rat of alloxan diabetes (with and without insulin treatment) on
      renin and aldosterone secretion was examined. Rats with diabetes for 7 weeks were
      found to have lower PRA than nondiabetic controls. The decrease in PRA appeared
      to result from insulin deficiency since PRA was normal in diabetic rats given
      insulin. In a second set of animals, which were killed after 3 weeks, in vitro
      measurements of aldosterone production by perifused adrenal capsular tissue were
      carried out. Production of aldosterone was greatest by adrenal capsular tissue
      from insulin-treated diabetic rats where both basal and potassium-stimulated
      aldosterone production were higher than diabetic rats not given insulin. Although
      the reduced aldosterone production associated with untreated diabetes may have
      been a result of reduced in vivo exposure of adrenal tissue to angiotensin II, a
      chronic adrenotrophic influence of insulin could not be ruled out. In summary,
      insulin appears to be necessary for normal renin and aldosterone secretion in the
      diabetic rat.

PMID- 3886367
TI  - Glucose exerts opposite effects on muscarinic receptor binding to A and B cells
      of the endocrine pancreas.
AB  - Ambient glucose stimulates insulin but inhibits glucagon secretion. We
      investigated whether mirror-image regulation pertains also to glucose effects on
      muscarinic receptor binding to B and A cells. We compared binding of
      [3H]methylscopolamine to islets from normal guinea pigs and to A-cell rich islets
      from streptozotocin-treated animals. Binding was assessed in intact islets at 37
      C after previous culture for 72 h in 3.3, 5.5, or 11 mM glucose. For both types
      of islets, specific binding was observed after 1 min and reached a plateau after
      10 min of incubation. Half-maximal displacement of 2.8 X 10(-9) M [3H]
      methylscopolamine occurred with 10(-9) - 10(-8) M unlabeled methylscopolamine. In
      normal islets, specific binding was significantly higher after culture in 11 mM
      than after 3.3 or 5.5 mM glucose. Conversely, in A-cell rich islets, binding was
      significantly higher at 3.3 or 5.5 than at 11 mM glucose. Glucagon release
      induced by acetylcholine (10(-5) M) was half-maximally suppressed by
      methylscopolamine at a concentration of 10(-9) - 10(-8) M. Acetylcholine
      stimulated glucagon release was higher from A-cell rich islets when cultured at
      3.3 mM than when cultured at 11 mM glucose. It is concluded: 1) that both A and B
      cells appear to contain muscarinic receptors, 2) that long term glucose
      environment exerts opposite effects on binding of methylscopolamine to A and B
      cells, and 3) that inhibition of binding to A cells is correlated with reduction
      of acetylcholine-induced glucagon release.

PMID- 3886366
TI  - Dynamics of insulin and glucagon release in rats: influence of dietary manganese.
AB  - The effect of manganese on endocrine pancreatic function was examined in
      manganese-sufficient (control) and manganese-deficient (Mn-) Sprague-Dawley rats.
      Pancreatic insulin release was lower (P less than 0.05) in Mn- rats than in
      controls in response to both a 300 mg/dl and a 100 mg/dl glucose stimulus. The
      300 mg/dl glucose stimulus induced the synthesis of 19.4 micrograms insulin/g
      pancreas in control rats. Additionally, no appreciable intracellular degradation
      of insulin occurred over an 80-min perfusion period. By contrast, in Mn- rats,
      there occurred an intracellular insulin degradation amounting to 7.8 micrograms/g
      pancreas. This enhanced degradation was partially compensated by a net insulin
      synthesis of only 3.4 micrograms insulin/g pancreas. Initial (min 1-3) insulin
      release by Mn- rats in response to 10 mM arginine was lower (P less than 0.05)
      than that observed in controls. Pancreatic glucagon release in response to 10 mM
      arginine was not affected by manganese deficiency. These findings demonstrate
      that manganese deficiency results in depressed pancreatic insulin synthesis and
      enhanced degradation. These factors may be responsible for the abnormal
      carbohydrate metabolism observed in Mn- animals.

PMID- 3886368
TI  - Inhibition of gonadotropin-releasing hormone release as the basis of pituitary
      gonadal dysfunction during treatment with 4-aminopyrazolo-(3,4-d)-pyrimidine.
AB  - The inhibitor of hepatic lipoprotein release, 4-aminopyrazolo-(3,4-d)-pyrimidine
      (4-APP), has been shown to reduce testosterone production via impairment of
      pituitary gonadotropin secretion rather than through decreased cholesterol
      availability. It was previously shown that serum LH levels were reduced by more
      than 75% in male rats treated with 4-APP, but pituitary stores of LH and the
      gonadotropin response to exogenous GnRH were maintained. Also, there was a
      reduction in pituitary GnRH receptors which was consistent with hypothalamic GnRH
      deficiency. The present studies were undertaken to examine the mechanism by which
      4-APP inhibits GnRH synthesis and/or release. Intact, adult male or 2-week
      ovariectomized female rats were treated daily with 25 mg/kg 4-APP for 3 days.
      Both sexes showed lowered basal serum levels of LH and absence of the elevations
      in serum LH normally elicited by the opiate antagonist, naloxone. In pituitary
      portal plasma collected from normal male rats, GnRH was significantly elevated by
      naloxone treatment, confirming that naloxone acted at the level of hypothalamic
      GnRH release. However, naloxone stimulation of GnRH secretion into portal blood
      was absent in rats treated with 4-APP. In vitro, the potassium-induced release of
      GnRH from perifused medial hypothalami was reduced by 60% in 4-APP-treated male
      rats while hypothalamic GnRH content remained unchanged. These data indicate that
      4-APP has an inhibitory effect on the mechanism of GnRH release, and that
      analysis of its actions should clarify the processes involved in neurohormone
      secretion.

PMID- 3886369
TI  - Acute growth hormone deficiency rapidly alters glucose metabolism in rat
      adipocytes. Relation to insulin responses and binding.
AB  - To investigate cellular aspects of the antagonism between endogenous GH and
      insulin in adipose tissue, we examined glucose metabolism, insulin responses, and
      insulin binding in adipocytes isolated from rats made GH deficient by treatment
      with antibodies to rat GH (ArGH), which neutralize the biological actions of GH.
      Adipocytes were incubated in the presence or absence of insulin, and their
      ability to convert [14C] glucose to CO2 and lipid was measured. Basal glucose
      utilization was significantly elevated in adipocytes from ArGH-treated rats after
      6, 3, or even 1 h of serum treatment compared to that in controls treated with
      nonimmune serum. This suggests that endogenous GH suppresses glucose metabolism
      in adipocytes from normal rats. In the presence of insulin, the absolute values
      of glucose utilization were also higher in cells from ArGH-treated rats than in
      controls. However, because basal glucose oxidation was higher with GH deficiency,
      the percent stimulation by insulin was not different in adipocytes from ArGH
      treated rats and controls. In keeping with this, the binding of [125I]iodoinsulin
      was not altered by GH deficiency. These findings indicate that endogenous GH
      suppresses basal glucose metabolism in adipocytes, and that this effect is
      rapidly reversed by treatment of normal rats with ArGH. Furthermore, this effect
      of GH on adipocyte metabolism is independent of changes in insulin binding and
      appears to account for the enhanced responses to insulin observed with GH
      deficiency.

PMID- 3886370
TI  - A rise in tonic luteinizing hormone secretion occurs during photoperiod
      stimulated sexual maturation of the female ferret.
AB  - This study determined whether a rise in tonic secretion of LH occurred before
      long day-induced precocious puberty of the female ferret. Twenty immature females
      were assigned to 1 of 2 photoperiods at 15 weeks of age. Ten ferrets were placed
      in a long day, stimulatory photoperiod (16 h of light, 8 h of darkness) to induce
      sexual maturation, and 10 remained in the nonstimulatory photoperiod (8 h of
      light, 16 h of darkness) for the duration of the study. Intensive blood sampling
      regimens (every 10 min for 8 h) were conducted at selected times after the onset
      of long days to permit definition of detailed secretory patterns of plasma LH.
      Females in each photoperiod were sampled from chronic jugular venous catheters
      approximately twice weekly until puberty was evident in females housed in long
      days. The end point for determination of the pubertal onset of adult ovarian
      function was the appearance of estrogen-sensitive vulvar edema. Results show a
      marked increase in frequency of episodes of LH secretion per 8-h interval in
      females undergoing sexual maturation. No such change in frequency occurred in
      unstimulated females housed continuously in short days, nor did the short day
      females exhibit vulvar edema. Further, the increment in LH secretion occurred
      before either vulvar edema or a significant increase in plasma estradiol levels
      was observed. Therefore, the rise in LH secretion that occurs after several weeks
      of exposure to a long day photoperiod may well be an important drive to
      maturational changes in ovarian function.

PMID- 3886371
TI  - Prolactin directly stimulates the liver in vivo to secrete a factor (synlactin)
      which acts synergistically with the hormone.
AB  - Recent studies in our laboratory indicated that the liver of rats, mice, and
      pigeons secretes a PRL-synergizing activity (synlactin) in vitro. Accordingly, we
      investigated whether PRL and/or GH could stimulate the secretion of synlactin by
      the pigeon liver or kidney. Young birds received twice daily injections of PBS,
      ovine (o) PRL, or oGH for 5 days. On the sixth day, their livers and kidneys were
      removed, and slices of these organs were incubated in medium 199 for 4 h. The
      medium samples were filtered and diluted, then tested for PRL-like activity and
      synlactin activity in the local pigeon crop-sac bioassay. The latter test
      involved adding a dose of 1.0 microgram oPRL to the medium samples. None of the
      liver or kidney medium samples had PRL-like activity when tested alone. Only the
      liver incubation medium from the PRL-injected pigeons contained significant
      amounts of synlactin activity. Our next experiment was designed to determine
      whether PRL stimulation of hepatic secretion of synlactin involved a direct
      action of the hormone on the liver in vivo. A catheter attached to a coil of
      tubing and an osmotic minipump was inserted into an intestinal vein of pigeons,
      and the pump and coil were left in the abdomen. By this means, solvent, or GH or
      PRL in solvent, was pulse infused (four pulses of 2 h each per day) into the
      intestinal venous drainage. Thus, the hormones were delivered directly to the
      liver via the hepatic portal vein. During the last 3 of the 7 days of infusion,
      the pigeons received two daily injections of PBS or oPRL over the contralateral
      lobes of the crop-sac. Intrahepatic infusion of PRL, but not GH, caused a marked
      augmentation of the response of the crop to local injections of PRL. Pulse
      infusion of the same dose of oPRL into the external jugular vein of pigeons did
      not have this effect; hence, it appears to be mediated by the liver. These
      results indicate that one of the actions of PRL on the liver is to stimulate the
      secretion of a factor (synlactin) which acts synergistically with the hormone to
      promote growth of its target organs.

PMID- 3886372
TI  - Pancreatic function after endoscopic and surgical occlusion of the pancreatic
      duct in patients with chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - Complex monitoring of pancreatic function was done after 18 endoscopic or
      surgical occlusions of the pancreatic duct in 15 patients with chronic
      pancreatitis. The indirect function tests (starch tolerance test, Lipiodol test
      and fat loading) as well as the direct tests (secretin-pancreozymin and Lundh
      tests) demonstrated only moderate pancreatic insufficiency. Overall values of the
      Lundh test performed before and after the treatment in 10 cases did not change
      significantly. The surgical procedure decreased pancreatic function somewhat more
      effectively, but the symptom-free "burned-out" state was only rarely achieved.
      Even glucose tolerance slightly diminished after treatment. The uneven results of
      obstruction therapy were attributed to the recovered exocrine function of the
      pancreas. Patients with severe pancreatic insufficiency or proximal resection of
      the pancreas seem to be better candidates for such treatments.

PMID- 3886373
TI  - Physicochemical and immunochemical proofs of short-term insulin regulation of
      hepatic M2 pyruvate kinase.
AB  - In isolated rat hepatocytes, the short-term regulation of the M2 pyruvate kinase
      isozyme by insulin is demonstrated. This hormone dependence, which is a function
      of dose and incubation time, is checked by the activity of the pyruvate kinase,
      using enzyme assay, cellulose acetate electrophoresis and electroimmunodiffusion
      methods.

PMID- 3886374
TI  - Relationship between plasma renin activity and physical fitness in normal
      subjects.
AB  - The relationship between plasma renin activity (PRA) at rest and physical fitness
      was studied in 40 normal young subjects on a liberal sodium intake. Plasma renin
      activity was measured in arterial blood withdrawn at the end of a 30-min period
      of rest in recumbency, while physical fitness was expressed by the highest oxygen
      uptake achieved during an uninterrupted graded exercise test performed in the
      sitting position on an electromagnetically braked ergometer bicycle (peak VO2).
      Log PRA correlated significantly and inversely with peak VO2 adjusted for body
      weight (r = -0.34; P less than 0.05) in single regression analysis. Using
      multiple regression and adjusted peak VO2, age, urinary sodium excretion and mean
      intra-arterial pressure as independent variables, no combination of two or more
      independent variables yielded significant partial correlation coefficients with
      log PRA. This correlation suggests that PRA at rest is inversely related to the
      subject's physical fitness.

PMID- 3886375
TI  - Urinary excretion of electrolytes during prolonged physical activity in normal
      man.
AB  - Nine normal young male students were studied during 2 days of relative rest,
      during 2 days of physical training and again during the succeeding 2 days of
      relative rest. Twenty-four hour urine collections showed that sodium and
      potassium excretion were lower during the exercise days, while urinary
      aldosterone excretion was increased. No differences in the 24-h urinary excretion
      of creatinine, calcium, and magnesium were found between the resting and exercise
      days. Hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and red cell counts were decreased at
      14 h and 42 h after exercise; these findings together with the increased serum
      bilirubin concentration could result from hemolysis. Plasma renin activity,
      angiotensin II and aldosterone concentration were increased 14 h after exercise
      but returned to baseline 42 h after exercise. Our data shows that one should take
      into account previous exercise when interpreting results of certain of these
      tests.

PMID- 3886376
TI  - Clinical applications of monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - This review highlights the properties, problems, and potentials of monoclonal
      antibodies as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. The most extensive experience
      has been obtained with antibodies specific for functionally distinct subsets of
      lymphocytes. They have been used to monitor the immunosuppression of organ-graft
      recipients and to attempt to elucidate the disturbance of immunologic function in
      a variety of conditions. Current therapeutic applications under trial include
      immunosuppression to treat organ-graft rejection and to eliminate cells
      responsible for graft-vs-host disease from the bone marrow. Applications to
      cancer diagnosis and treatment have been hampered by the difficulty of
      identifying truly tumor-specific antigens. Successes have, however, been obtained
      in the location of metastases and in the extracorporeal treatment of autologous
      marrow to purge it of malignant cells, and, more rarely, with the direct
      administration of monoclonal antibodies in vivo. The conjugation of cell-type
      specific monoclonal antibodies with cytotoxic agents should overcome a number of
      limitations.

PMID- 3886377
TI  - Evaluation of the new Mycotube test-kit for yeast identification.
AB  - The performance of a modified Mycotube test for the identification of yeasts was
      evaluated using standard biochemical tests as reference. One hundred and eighty
      strains belonging to 12 medically important species (15 strains each) were
      tested. The overall rate of identification was 72%, and rose to 87.8% when
      macroscopic and microscopic morphologic features were also considered; a 100%
      rate was obtained with Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis,
      Candida pseudotropicalis, Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and
      Torulopsis glabrata. For the species Candida guilliermondii, Cryptococcus
      neoformans, Geotrichum candidum, Rhodotorula and Trichosporon cutaneum we propose
      a new evaluation chart and additional code numbers. Mycotube facilitates the
      routine identification of yeasts but recourse to macroscopic and microscopic
      examination may also be necessary.

PMID- 3886378
TI  - A simple method for the rapid identification of group A streptococci.

PMID- 3886379
TI  - A new disk diffusion test for presumptive identification of group B streptococci.

PMID- 3886380
TI  - Does UGA suppressor tRNATrp from Escherichia coli have a unique CCA anticodon
      sequence?
AB  - The properties of the UGA-suppressor tRNATrp (anticodon CCA) from Escherichia
      coli has greatly influenced ideas about the specificity of codon-anticodon
      interactions showing that the anticodon sequence is not the sole determinant.
      However, a recent hypothesis for the mechanism of suppression by this tRNA
      proposes that the base change in position 24, in the dihydrouridine stem, leads
      to a change in translational specificity of the tRNA by increasing post
      transcriptional modification of cytidine 34, in the anticodon wobble position [M.
      Yarus (1982) Science (Wash. DC) 218, 646-652]. The enzyme postulated to do this
      normally modifies C34 of a minor isoleucine isoacceptor specific for AUA codons.
      This modification should reduce reading of G in the third codon position:
      affinity chromatography on columns containing immobilised tRNAPro (anticodon VGG)
      has therefore been employed to isolate an enriched population of the putative
      suppressor species, if such a sub-population exists. The results obtained are
      difficult to reconcile with the presence of a subfraction, modified post
      transcriptionally in C34, responsible for the suppression of UGA. This argues in
      favour of the previously advanced hypothesis for the mechanism of suppression,
      which depends on events outside the codon-anticodon interaction itself.

PMID- 3886381
TI  - In vitro transcription initiation from three different Escherichia coli
      promoters. Effect of supercoiling.
AB  - Transcription initiation from beta-lactamase, tetracycline resistance and RNA 1
      promoters, present in plasmid pAT153, were studied employing the abortive
      initiation technique. Assays appear to be promoter-specific with supercoiled and
      linear templates. Supercoiling enhances the isomerization rate constant of the
      open RNA-polymerase--promoter complex formation. Results agree with the in vivo
      behaviour of the corresponding promoters, and allow us to propose a hypothesis
      about the effect of supercoiling on transcription initiation.

PMID- 3886382
TI  - Abnormal amino acid metabolism in mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae affected in
      the initiation of sporulation.
AB  - Amino acid metabolism was examined during sporulation in a wild-type strain of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in a mutant homozygous for the spd1 mutation
      (derepression of sporulation). In the wild-type initiation of sporulation
      involves a rise in intracellular glutamate. In the derepressed mutant there was
      no further increase of intracellular glutamate: glutamate was already present at
      a greater concentration than in the wild-type. These elevated glutamate levels
      are apparently due to reduction in the activity of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase.
      One consequence of the elevated glutamate levels in diploids homozygous for the
      spd1 mutation is the production of considerable amounts of glycyl-L-proline,
      glutathione and saccharopine.

PMID- 3886383
TI  - Role of 201Tl in the management of cardiac transplantation.
AB  - Serial percutaneous endomyocardial biopsy is the standard for diagnosis of
      cardiac rejection; it is generally done on a weekly basis for the first month and
      then as indicated by ECG voltage; but, this method is invasive, can be done only
      in specialized centers, not available for the many patients who return home,
      requires 18-24 h before a result is obtained, delaying institution of therapy,
      and it is aggressive for the endomyocardium of the graft. A reliable, rapid, and
      noninvasive test for detection of cardiac rejection is still not available. The
      aim of this work was to determine whether 201Tl uptake was significantly
      correlated with the histological findings presenting in cardiac rejection.
      Auxiliary heart transplantation was carried out on 60 male rats. Graft viability
      was evaluated by direct palpation, ECG voltage, and 201Tl uptake during the study
      (from 4-6 h after transplantation to 1 month). Syngenic rats (without rejection)
      were used as a control group. Histological studies were done at the end of the
      isotope study in all animals. The statistical significance of all results was
      determined by means of Student's t-test. A very significant correlation between
      the severity of the histological findings of rejection and 201Tl uptake was found
      (P less than 0.001). Our results have demonstrated that 201Tl uptake detected
      rejection earlier than ECG voltage; moreover, 201Tl uptake was more sensitive in
      detecting a mild degree of rejection while ECG only detected a moderate degree.
      We believe that 201Tl uptake should be the screening method for the follow-up of
      cardiac transplantation; it offers to surgeons the opportunity to select patients
      for endomyocardial biopsy, with a higher accuracy than the other noninvasive
      methods.

PMID- 3886384
TI  - The effect of dopamine administration on the activity of the renin-angiotensin
      aldosterone system in sick preterm infants.
AB  - Nine premature infants with birth weight of 1150 to 2500 g and gestational age of
      28 to 35 weeks were given dopamine in a dose of 2-4 micrograms/kg/min to treat
      cardiopulmonary distress. In addition to monitoring of blood gases, blood
      pressure, acid-base balance, urine flow and urinary sodium excretion, plasma
      renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PA) was also
      determined prior to and during dopamine therapy. The dopamine-induced increase in
      urine flow and urinary sodium excretion was associated with a significant
      increase of PRA from 18.2 +/- 5.1 ng/ml/h to 33.0 +/- 5.6 ng/ml/h (P less than
      0.025), while PA and blood pressure remained unaltered by dopamine
      administration. It is suggested that the angiotensin II-stimulated aldosterone
      production is overridden by the inhibitory effect of dopamine.

PMID- 3886385
TI  - The early detection and management of inborn errors presenting acutely in the
      neonatal period.

PMID- 3886386
TI  - Successful transplantation of soy bean agglutinin-fractionated,
      histoincompatible, maternal marrow in a patient with severe combined
      immunodeficiency and BCG infection.
AB  - A successful transplantation of soybean agglutinin (SBA) and sheep red blood cell
      (SRBC)-fractionated, maternal marrow in a patient with severe combined
      immunodeficiency (SCID) is reported. The engraftment of HLA-haplotype mismatched
      marrow cells was obtained without apparent graft versus host disease (GVHD). With
      immunological reconstitution the patient recovered from a BCG infection, which
      might have been caused by a BCG inoculation before his bone marrow
      transplantation.

PMID- 3886387
TI  - Preoperative localization of parathyroid tumors by 201Tl/99mTc subtraction
      scanning.
AB  - 29 patients with biochemically proven hyperparathyroidism underwent a 201Tl/99mTc
      subtraction scanning before neck exploration was done. The scanning technique
      seems not to be reliable for hyperplastic glands in secondary
      hyperparathyroidism, but in 19 of 21 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism a
      solitary adenoma was correctly located. This accuracy of 90.5% justifies to
      investigate all patients with primary hyperparathyroidism with this noninvasive
      double tracer technique prior to any surgery.

PMID- 3886388
TI  - Aneurysms of the renal artery: surgical management with special reference to
      extracorporeal surgery and autotransplantation.
AB  - 27 patients underwent surgical arterial reconstruction for renal artery
      aneurysms. Hypertension was present in 21 cases. The indication for surgery was
      the prevention of hemorrhagic rupture in association with hypertension.
      Extracorporeal surgery was performed 13 times for complex aneurysms involving
      several branches of the renal artery. Simple autotransplantation was performed 3
      times for aneurysms located on the main renal artery. In situ surgery was
      performed on 11 patients (5 aneurysmectomy-arteriorrhaphies and 7 bypass
      operations). Results on high blood pressure showed that 10 of the 14 hypertensive
      patients operated by extracorporeal surgery and/or autotransplantation were
      cured. 1 delayed nephrectomy was performed in this group and 1 death was
      observed. 39 of the 46 peripheral anastomoses were patent postoperatively. All
      patients treated with aneurysmectomy-arteriorrhaphy were cured. In patients
      treated with bypass operations, 3 thromboses of the bypass and 2 failures on
      hypertension were observed. Aneurysmectomy and simple arterioplasty are preferred
      for simple renal artery aneurysms. For complex lesions involving several branches
      and of an intrarenal location, extracorporeal surgery and autotransplantation
      represent an effective treatment on hypertension and preservation of kidney
      function.

PMID- 3886389
TI  - Captopril: a protective agent in renal warm ischemia in rats.
AB  - Captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, was used as a protective
      agent before and after 90 min of renal warm ischemia in rats. At a dose of 1
      mg/kg, it was able to lower the postoperative serum creatinine values
      significantly (from 6.3 to 2.5 mg% on the 2nd postoperative day) in unilaterally
      nephrectomized animals. Increasing the dose to 4 and 8 mg/kg or combining
      captopril with hypertonic mannitol (10 ml/kg of a 15% aqueous solution) did not
      improve these figures significantly. The same magnitude of protection was
      obtained when captopril was given either before or just after the ischemia. In
      terms of mortality the differences among unprotected and protected groups were
      very important: only 6 of 24 unprotected animals survived the 5th postoperative
      day while 42 of 44 protected animals survived.

PMID- 3886390
TI  - Organization of clinical oncology in the U.S.A.: role of cancer centers,
      cooperative groups and community hospitals.

PMID- 3886391
TI  - Antiemetic treatment.

PMID- 3886392
TI  - CHOP vs MEV for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of unfavourable
      histopathology: a randomized clinical trial.
AB  - The Swedish Lymphoma Study Group has compared the results of treatment with a
      CHOP regimen (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine and prednisone) with
      those of treatment with a MEV regimen (methotrexate, cyclophosphamide and
      vincristine) in patients suffering from generalized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)
      of unfavourable histopathology in a prospective randomized trial. The complete
      remission rate for 67 evaluable patients receiving CHOP was higher (61%) than for
      74 patients receiving MEV (24%) (P less than 0.001). The relapse rate was 18/41
      (44%) in the CHOP group and 11/18 (61%) in the MEV group (difference not
      significant). At follow-up the number of patients alive in a first complete
      remission was thus 23/67 in the CHOP group but only 7/74 (9%) in the MEV group.
      This difference is highly significant (P less than 0.001). However, there is
      still no significant difference in overall survival between the two treatment
      groups. This is probably due to the more efficient rescue treatment (mainly CHOP)
      found in the patients who primarily received MEV than in those who primarily
      received CHOP. It is concluded that the CHOP regimen is superior to the MEV
      regimen in NHL patients with unfavourable histopathology.

PMID- 3886393
TI  - Cell cycle-dependent Adriamycin uptake in Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - Adriamycin fluorescence was measured by flow cytometry after exposing
      synchronized Chinese hamster (line CHO) cells to a fixed dose of adriamycin
      (ADR). Three synchrony methods were used: mitotic selection, isoleucine-deficient
      culture and pretreatment with low doses of ADR. Approximately a 1.6- to 2-fold
      increase in ADR fluorescence intensity was observed for cells in G2 + M compared
      to cells in G1. An increase in ADR fluorescence was also noted for cell
      populations exhibiting a G2 block after pretreatment with low-dose ADR. No
      significant difference in fluorescence intensity was observed for G1 cell
      populations with two different volume distributions. Results suggest that the
      magnitude of ADR fluorescence is affected by the cell cycle distribution and that
      cellular susceptibility to drug-induced cytokinetic changes during exposure must
      also be taken into consideration when measuring ADR uptake.

PMID- 3886394
TI  - A comparison of the cardiovascular effects and subjective tolerability of
      binedaline and amitriptylene in healthy volunteers.
AB  - Binedaline is a new antidepressant drug which is not a tricyclic compound. In
      animal investigations it showed a greater therapeutic index than imipramine and
      amitriptylene and a smaller ED50. It also showed less anticholinergic and
      antihistaminic activity. In this study the effects of 100 mg (females) and 150 mg
      (males) of binedaline was compared with 50 mg and 75 mg of amitriptylene and
      placebo in healthy volunteers. Binedaline was better tolerated than amitriptylene
      and produced less sedation and fewer instances of dry mouth. Binedaline was
      devoid of the marked postural hypotension produced by amitriptylene but caused
      the same degree of tachycardia as amitriptylene at rest, when subjects were
      tilted and when subjected to ergometry. It was concluded that binedaline causes
      less alpha-adrenergic blockade than amitriptylene but that the sympathomimetic
      effects were similar. At the doses employed no major changes in electrocardiogram
      or systolic time intervals occurred.

PMID- 3886395
TI  - Multiple doses of paracetamol plus codeine taken immediately after oral surgery.
AB  - A double-blind randomized analgesic trial was carried out in 180 patients
      undergoing surgical removal of an impacted lower wisdom tooth. The patients
      received the first dose of either paracetamol 1000 mg plus codeine 60 mg,
      paracetamol 500 mg plus codeine 30 mg or placebo immediately after surgery during
      the effect of the local anaesthetic. The mean pain intensity, the duration of
      effect and the number of patients needing additional analgesics were all
      significantly dose related. In the evaluation procedure a pain intensity index
      was defined which took into account both the efficacy and the duration of effect.
      In addition, the analgesic efficacy was calculated over a 12 hour period after
      first medication and thereby including the efficacy of a second dose, if taken.
      Paracetamol 1000 mg plus codeine 60 mg followed by paracetamol 500 mg plus
      codeine 30 mg after around 5 hours was a very effective treatment and over 40% of
      these patients did not need any further pain relief during the evaluation period.
      In conclusion, an effective analgesic taken immediately after oral surgery
      reduces the total pain and diminishes the need of analgesics.

PMID- 3886396
TI  - Effects of a new diuretic piretanide on glucose tolerance, insulin secretion and
      125I-insulin binding.
AB  - The effect of a new diuretic, piretanide, on glucose tolerance, insulin secretion
      and 125I-insulin binding to erythrocytes was studied in 12 male patients with
      mild essential hypertension. After a 4 week wash-out period with placebo,
      piretanide 6 mg b.i.d. was administered in a single-blind manner for 8
      consecutive weeks. Although glucose tolerance deteriorated slightly in one
      patient, the diuretic treatment had no effect on the mean blood glucose
      concentrations during oral glucose tolerance tests or on glycohaemoglobin A1
      measurements, both studies being done at 4 week intervals. Preservation of
      euglycemia was associated with increased insulin secretion. After 8 weeks of
      piretanide therapy the basal C-peptide concentration was 61% higher than the
      pretreatment level (0.44 vs 0.71 microU/ml; p less than 0.05). Glucagon -
      stimulated C-peptide concentrations were significantly elevated after 4 (1.67 vs
      2.53 microU/ml, p less than 0.05) and after 8 weeks (1.67 vs. 2.90 microU/ml, p
      less than 0.01) of diuretic treatment. Fasting plasma immunoreactive insulin
      (IRI) levels were virtually unchanged by the drug therapy. The enhanced insulin
      secretion did not appear secondary to increased insulin resistance at the insulin
      receptor level, since the specific bound fraction of 125I-insulin remained
      unaffected by diuretic treatment. Although short-term loop diuretic treatment
      appears to have no effect on glucose tolerance, the very low density lipoprotein
      synthetic rate may be promoted by the increased insulin secretion.

PMID- 3886397
TI  - Effects of pirenzepine on plasma insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide
      levels in normal man.
AB  - The secretion of various pancreatic hormones (insulin, glucagon and pancreatic
      polypeptide) is affected to a different extent by the cholinergic system. In 7
      healthy subjects the effects of treatment for 1 week with pirenzepine, an
      anticholinergic drug selective for muscarinic receptors, on basal secretion of
      these hormones and on that induced by i.v. glucose (IVGTT) and arginine were
      evaluated. The drug did not reduce basal levels of insulin and glucagon whereas
      it caused an appreciable reduction in basal pancreatic polypeptide (PP). The
      responses of insulin and blood glucose to IVGTT and to arginine were not changed
      by treatment, nor was that of plasma glucagon to arginine. The infusion of
      arginine did induce an increase in PP level, which reached a statistically
      significant maximum at 90 min. This response was not particularly different after
      administration of pirenzepine. Thus, the results confirm the finding that
      arginine stimulates PP secretion in vivo and that pirenzepine reduces the basal
      level of the hormone, whereas it did not appear to affect the response to
      arginine. The findings exclude any direct action of the drug on insulin or
      glucagon secretion or on glucose metabolism in general.

PMID- 3886398
TI  - Aldosterone and prolactin responsiveness after prolonged treatment of congestive
      heart failure with captopril.
AB  - After long-term captopril treatment, an inappropriate increase in aldosterone
      levels has been observed in hypertensive patients. It is not known, whether a
      similar change would occur in patients with severe congestive heart failure, and
      whether it is due to a decrease in endogenous dopaminergic inhibition of
      aldosterone secretion or to aldosterone stimulation by ACTH or an ACTH-related
      peptide. Therefore, the aldosterone and prolactin responses to metoclopramide
      have been studied in 10 patients with severe congestive heart failure (NYHA Class
      III or IV) after 6 months of captopril treatment, before and 11 h after
      pretreatment with dexamethasone. 7 placebo-treated patients served as double
      blind controls. In captopril-treated patients, the supine aldosterone levels
      exceeded the normal range and were as high as in placebo-treated patients. The
      responsiveness of aldosterone and prolactin to metoclopramide was not influenced
      by captopril. Only in the placebo group were the aldosterone levels decreased by
      dexamethasone. Captopril increased plasma renin activity and serum potassium, and
      decreased supine epinephrine and norepinephrine and serum sodium. Thus, previous
      reports of inappropriately high aldosterone levels after long-term captopril
      treatment were confirmed in patients with severe congestive heart failure. It is
      concluded that increased aldosterone is due neither to a decrease in endogenous
      dopaminergic inhibition nor to dexamethasone-suppressible stimulation of
      aldosterone secretion.

PMID- 3886399
TI  - Effects of BAY l 5240, a fixed combination of low dose nifedipine and acebutolol
      on hypertension: comparison with standard dose nifedipine.
AB  - 116 patients from 4 clinics participated in a double blind study to assess the
      efficacy of (BAY l 5240), a nifedipine-acebutolol fixed combination (10 mg + 100
      mg), as compared to nifedipine 20 mg in essential hypertension. During the 10
      week study, the mean recumbent blood pressure decreased 1 to 3 h after treatment
      from 175.5/105.2 to 148.3/88.0 mmHg in the BAY l 5240 group and from 174.3/102.9
      to 150.3/86.5 mmHg in the nifedipine group. The results also showed a comparable
      decrease in the mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures before
      treatment (24 h after last tablet) and after physical exertion before and after
      either drug given for 4 weeks. Doubling of the dose for 4 additional weeks
      produced a moderate and similar additional decrease in blood pressure. The
      results show the possibility of treating essential hypertension with a low dose
      of a beta-adrenergic blocking agent in combination with 10 mg nifedipine. Both
      regimens were well tolerated. One patient in the BAY l 5240 group and 2 in the
      nifedipine group, all treated by the same investigator, were withdrawn from the
      study because of headache during the nifedipine pre-period.

PMID- 3886400
TI  - Antihypertensive effects of urapidil and clonidine: a double-blind cross-over
      study.
AB  - The antihypertensive effects of urapidil and clonidine have been studied in a
      double-blind cross-over trial in 11 hypertensive outpatients with mild to
      moderate hypertension, at rest and during isometric exercise. Urapidil 30 mg
      b.i.d. significantly decreased the standing diastolic blood pressure (p less than
      0.05) and the systolic blood pressure at the end of isometric exercise (p less
      than 0.05). Clonidine 0.075-0.15 mg b.i.d. was more effective in decreasing both
      systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the supine and standing positions as
      well as during isometric work (p less than 0.05-0.001). Urapidil caused fewer
      side-effects than clonidine. Overall, in the doses used urapidil had a weaker
      antihypertensive effect and caused fewer side-effects than clonidine.

PMID- 3886402
TI  - Controlled clinical trial of cadralazine as a second-step drug in the treatment
      of hypertension.
AB  - The antihypertensive efficacy of a new long-lasting vasodilator, cadralazine, and
      the diuretic chlorthalidone have been compared in hypertensive patients receiving
      concurrent treatment with atenolol. After a 4-week run-in period with atenolol
      alone 100 mg/day, two groups of 10 patients whose diastolic blood pressure
      exceeded 100 mm Hg were given for a period of 65 days either cadralazine 15
      mg/day or chlorthalidone 25 mg/day, according to a randomized, double-blind,
      between-patients design. Compared to atenolol alone, both cadralazine and
      chlorthalidone induced a statistically and clinically significant decrease in
      blood pressure. The antihypertensive effect did not differ significantly between
      groups. Good compensation of the atenolol-induced decrease in heart rate was
      obtained with cadralazine, whereas during atenolol + chlorthalidone treatment at
      times the standing heart rate was significantly lower than during treatment with
      atenolol + cadralazine. Side-effects, many of which were already present during
      atenolol treatment, occurred with a similar frequency in both groups. It is
      concluded that atenolol + cadralazine and atenolol + chlorthalidone are equally
      well tolerated, acceptable and effective in the treatment of hypertension, but
      that further studies are warranted to explore the potential haemodynamic
      advantages of the cadralazine + atenolol combination.

PMID- 3886401
TI  - Effect of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide on the response to pressor agents in
      hypertensives.
AB  - The effect on arterial pressure of incremental doses of norepinephrine (2 to 10
      micrograms/min) and angiotensin II (50 to 800 ng/min) administered over 10 min
      periods was studied in sodium-replete hypertensive patients after crossover oral
      treatments with placebo, captopril 50 mg in a single dose, captopril 50 mg three
      times daily for one week and hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg daily for a week. Neither
      captopril nor hydrochlorothiazide affected the dose response to infusions of
      angiotensin II. In comparison to placebo responses, however, both single and
      multiple-dose captopril therapy, and hydrochlorothiazide attenuated the pressor
      responses to infusions of norepinephrine. Captopril significantly depressed
      angiotensin converting enzyme activity from pre-dose levels and angiotensin II
      infusions significantly elevated plasma aldosterone concentrations. These results
      confirm findings reported for single dose captopril in normotensive volunteers
      and indicate that attenuation of the vascular responsiveness to sympathetic
      stimulation may contribute to the antihypertensive effects of captopril and
      hydrochlorothiazide therapy.

PMID- 3886403
TI  - Effect of oral slow-release terbutaline on early morning dyspnoea.
AB  - Eight male patients with partly reversible airflow obstruction, who had a diurnal
      variation in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of more than 20% were treated with
      placebo and slow-release terbutaline tablets (5 mg at 08.00 hours and 10 mg at
      20.00 hours) for 8 days. On Day 8 of each period, PEFR and serum terbutaline were
      measured at 4 and 2-h intervals, respectively. PEFR on the terbutaline day showed
      a significant increase at 08.00, 12.00, 24.00, 04.00 and 08.00 hours as compared
      to the placebo day. Slow-release terbutaline prevented early morning dyspnoea.
      The serum concentration was 3.3 ng/ml during the day and 3.5 ng/ml during the
      night. During terbutaline therapy the patients reported fewer complaints than
      during the placebo period. It was concluded that slow-release terbutaline tablets
      are suitable for twice daily treatment.

PMID- 3886404
TI  - Ranitidine versus ranitidine and prazepam in the short-term treatment of duodenal
      ulcer--a double-blind controlled trial.
AB  - Fifty out-patients with an active, endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer were
      entered a double-blind trial of ranitidine + prazepam or ranitidine + placebo.
      Two drop-outs occurred in the prazepam group and 1 in the placebo group. After 28
      days of treatment, the ulcer had healed in 95.6% of the patients on ranitidine +
      prazepam and 75% of the patients on ranitidine + placebo (p = 0.03). Sleepiness
      was the most frequent side effect, reported by 8 subjects in the prazepam group
      and by 1 subject in the placebo group. It is concluded that prazepam can be
      usefully combined with ranitidine in the short-term treatment of duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 3886405
TI  - Retraction: Immune elimination of aging platelets by autologous monocytes: role
      of membrane-specific antibody.

PMID- 3886406
TI  - Antagonism of N-methyl-D,L-aspartic acid-induced convulsions by antiepileptic
      drugs and other agents.
AB  - The effects of common antiepileptics, GABAmimetic drugs, excitatory amino acid
      antagonists as well as of clonidine, corynanthine, chlorpromazine and atropine
      were studied against clonic convulsions induced in mice by N-methyl-D,L-aspartic
      acid (NMDLA) after subcutaneous (340 mg/kg; ED97) and intravenous (105 mg/kg;
      ED97) administration. Among the antiepileptics studied, valproate (ED50: 340
      mg/kg after subcutaneous injection of NMDLA) and diazepam (ED50: 0.78 mg/kg after
      intravenous and 14 mg/kg after subcutaneous injection of NMDLA) antagonized NMDLA
      induced convulsions, whereas phenobarbital (up to 80 mg/kg), diphenylhydantoin
      (up to 50 mg/kg) and ethosuximide (500 mg/kg) were totally ineffective. Moreover,
      2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid and 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (but not
      glutamic acid diethyl ester), aminooxyacetic acid, cetyl GABA and clonidine
      protected strongly against the convulsant whereas progabide was only weakly
      active. THIP showed a higher activity against intravenous than against
      subcutaneous NMDLA. Baclofen and atropine even increased mortality and the
      remaining agents exerted no significant protective action. The data suggest that
      NMDLA-induced convulsions can be blocked effectively by direct antagonism of
      NMDLA-produced excitation, enhancement of GABA-mediated inhibition, and
      activation of central alpha 2-adrenoceptors. The possible efficacy of valproate
      in cases of epilepsy with a distinct rise in plasma excitatory amino acid levels
      should be carefully considered.

PMID- 3886407
TI  - Sniffing, rearing and locomotor responses to the D-1 dopamine agonist R-SK&F
      38393 and to apomorphine: differential interactions with the selective D-1 and D
      2 antagonists SCH 23390 and metoclopramide.
AB  - The D-1 agonist R-SK&F 38393 induced non-stereotyped sniffing, rearing and
      locomotor responses that were blocked by the D-1 antagonist SCH 23390. The D-2
      antagonist metoclopramide failed to block sniffing but blocked rearing and
      locomotion. Stereotyped sniffing and locomotion induced by apomorphine were each
      blocked by both antagonists. Either the criteria by which compounds are
      designated as D-1 or D-2 selective agents require revision, or else D-1 and D-2
      mechanisms are able to reciprocally interact to influence the expression of
      behaviour initiated by stimulation of either receptor subtype.

PMID- 3886408
TI  - D-1 dopamine receptors in the rat brain: autoradiographic localization using
      [3H]SCH 23390.

PMID- 3886409
TI  - Positron tomography of a radio-brominated analog of the D1/DA1 antagonist, SCH
      23390.

PMID- 3886410
TI  - Effect of antibody-mediated crosslinking of insulin on its bioactivity and
      receptor binding.
AB  - Precipitating anti-insulin antibodies or anti-insulin IgG/anti-IgG complexes bind
      insulin in a highly aggregated form and thus should preferably be capable of
      inducing receptor aggregation, which has recently been suggested to be a
      precondition for insulin bioactivity. We, therefore, studied the influence of
      antibody-mediated crosslinking of insulin on the glucose conversion into CO2 in
      rat fat cells and glycogen synthesis in rat liver cells. As far as possible
      receptor-bound insulin was measured in parallel. Insulin bound to antibodies with
      low insulin precipitating capacity had no or little bioactivity and receptor
      reactivity on fat cells. The bioactivity, however, could be restored in part by
      addition of a second antibody. On liver cells, second antibody-mediated
      crosslinking of insulin-antibody complexes resulted in an enhancement of receptor
      reactivity, and insulin bioactivity of such crosslinked immune complexes was
      demonstrable. An insulin-precipitating antiserum was shown to form insulin
      antibody complexes with significant bioactivity in fat cells which correlated
      with their receptor binding. In each case antibodies had no or little effect in
      the absence of insulin. Our data suggest that insulin neutralization by
      antibodies can be compensated by crosslinking the insulin-antibody complexes or
      by formation of big complexes precipitating by themselves. This is probably due
      to the induction of receptor aggregation.

PMID- 3886411
TI  - Inhibition of glucagon release of isolated islets of Langerhans by monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - The presence of islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies (ICA) and islet cell surface
      antibodies (ICSA) at the time of diagnosis of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes
      mellitus has been taken as evidence that autoimmune mechanisms are involved in
      the pathogenesis of the disease. The demonstration that ICSA in the presence of
      complement are preferentially lytic for beta-cells may be important in defining
      the role of these autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Because
      of the polyclonality of the immune response, the ICA and ICSA molecules of
      diabetic patient vary enormously in their binding parameters. For this reason we
      have generated monoclonal antibodies (MC-Ab) to islet cell antigens. In this
      study we investigate the effect of the two MC-Ab K28 A1 and K28 D6 resulted from
      the same fusion of the P3-X63-Ag8 murine myeloma cell line with the spleen cells
      of a Balb/c mouse immunized with rat islet cells on the hormone release of
      isolated rat islet in co-culture with the antibody-secreting hybridomas. The MC
      Ab K28 D6 binds to both islet cell cytoplasmic and surface antigens, the K28 A1
      is only reactive with cytoplasmic antigens. Surprisingly, in contrast to the
      monoclonal antibody K28 A1, K28 D6 enhanced the glucagon content and diminished
      the insulin secretion of the islets. Either the K28 D6 is directed to an epitope
      occurring on the beta- as well as alpha-cells or the antibody-mediated inhibition
      of the glucagon release results in a significantly reduced insulin secretion.

PMID- 3886412
TI  - Validity of WHO criteria for classification of newly diagnosed diabetics.
AB  - In order to assess the validity of WHO criteria for the discrimination between
      Type I and Type II diabetes a cross-sectiona clinical study was performed in 84
      normweight newly diagnosed diabetics with a mean age of 22 years. Taking into
      consideration clinical and biochemical characteristics of the carbohydrate and
      fat metabolism, the therapeutic requirement to maintain euglycemic metabolic
      control, the residual beta-cell function, the HLA phenotype and islet cell
      antibodies (ICA, ICSA) it could be shown that none of the tested criteria has the
      ability to distinguish between the types with absolute certainty. As shown by the
      frequency of the different markers in relation to the therapeutic requirements
      for euglycemic metabolic control as well as by the correlation analysis between
      the variables the discriminating validity of the markers decreased in the
      following sequence: diabetes associated HLA phenotype, residual beta-cell
      function, proneness to ketosis, age at onset, relative body weight. Neither the
      characteristics of the carbohydrate and fat metabolism nor the presence of islet
      cell antibodies contributed much to the differentiation between insulin-dependent
      and noninsulin-dependent diabetes.

PMID- 3886413
TI  - The frequency of islet cell surface antibodies and antibody-dependent cell
      mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of mononuclear cells in HLA-typed patients with high
      diabetes risk.
AB  - To evaluate the significance of ICSA as a prognostic marker for the development
      of type I diabetes we investigated 66 subjects with first degree relatives of
      type I (47) and type II (9) diabetes as well as subjects with anamnestical data
      suggestive of diabetes. Patients were studied for glucose tolerance (oGTT) and
      IRI-response, ICSA (indirect fluorescence of living rat islet cell suspensions),
      ADCC (specific 51Cr-release of serum pretreated neonatal rat islets elicited by
      mononuclear cells) and HLA-antigens. 23 subjects revealed normal glucose
      tolerance, 17 impaired glucose tolerance and 26 had a prevoius abnormality. The
      incidence of ICSA varied between 46 and 53 per cent, that of positive ADCC
      between 22 and 56 per cent, both being highest in subjects with IGT. 87 per cent
      of all patients revealed diabetes associated HLA-antigens. We found no
      correlation of ICSA with glucose tolerance, IRI-response, ADCC and HLA-antigens.
      In conclusion it can be said that ICSA are present in a high percentage in
      patients with high diabetes risk but their predictive role as a marker for the
      manifestation must be elucidated in follow-up studies.

PMID- 3886414
TI  - Further support for inhibition of endogenous insulin secretion by exogenous
      insulin.
AB  - In order to investigate whether or not insulin exerts any influence on endogenous
      insulin secretion, 6 non-obese healthy volunteers were connected to the
      artificial beta-cell (BIOSTATOR) for 16 hours. After an overnight fast 0.4 U of
      intermediate acting insulin (Monotard MC/NOVO INDUSTRIES) per kg body weight were
      injected subcutaneously. The computer program was set to maintain steady-state
      plasma glucose concentrations at fasting levels by a variable glucose infusion.
      This approach is able to prevent completely hypoglycemic episodes. Endogenous
      insulin secretion was evaluated by measuring plasma C-peptide concentrations.
      Whereas plasma insulin levels increased markedly in response to insulin injection
      at the same time C-peptide levels declined correspondingly, indicating an
      inhibition of insulin secretion. Thus, our results provided further support for a
      negative feedback regulation of insulin secretion by insulin itself.

PMID- 3886415
TI  - Serum magnesium in insulin-dependent diabetics and healthy subjects in relation
      to insulin secretion and glycemia during glucose-glucagon test.
AB  - In order to investigate the influence of insulin secretion on serum magnesium
      concentrations 33 insulin-dependent diabetics and 10 control subjects were
      studied. The residual insulin secretion (RIS) was investigated by measurement of
      human C-peptide (HCP) before and after stimulation during on OGTT (1.75 mg/kg)
      glucagon (i.v. 0.1 mg glucagon/kg)-test. RESULTS: Certain RIS existed in 11
      insulin-dependent diabetics, 12 were without any RIS (uncertain RIS in 10
      patients). Glucose tolerance and daily glycemia differed significantly among the
      two groups. However, all diabetics were far from euglycemia, (3.3-9.3 mmol/l):
      Fasting plasma glucose 12.0 +/- 0.9 (certain RIS), 15.0 +/- 0.8 (no RIS), 13.9 +/
      1.8 (uncertain RIS). Serum magnesium was significantly lower in all diabetics,
      both before and during the test. There was no change during the OGTT-glucagon
      test and no difference among the three groups of insulin-dependent diabetics. So,
      we conclude that a small RIS in our longterm insulin-dependent diabetics has no
      influence on the behaviour of serum magnesium. But, magnesium depletion can
      influence coronary blood flow, blood clotting, and atherogenesis. Therefore, it
      should be necessary to pay more attention to the hypomagnesemia in insulin
      dependent diabetics.

PMID- 3886416
TI  - Muscular exercise in type I-diabetics. II. Hormonal and metabolic responses to
      moderate exercise.
AB  - In Type I-diabetics metabolic response to exercise is largely determined by the
      availability of exogenous insulin. The aim of the present study was to assess the
      metabolic response to moderate exercise of 24 insulin-dependent (Type I-)
      diabetics treated by multiple subcutaneous injections of short acting insulin.
      Differences in insulin availability (hypo- [trial A] or hyperinsulinemia [trial
      B]) resulted from the different periods of time that had elapsed since the
      previous insulin injection, i.e., after 3 hours (trial A), and 1 hour (trial B).
      Bicycle ergometer tests at intensities up to 75% VO2max, were carried out with
      patients and controls. Plasma glucose, FFA, glycerol, alanine, growth hormone and
      glucagon levels were measured during a period of 85 min. In both trials, physical
      exertion did not have a significant statistical effect on the glucose
      concentration in the blood of hypo- and hyperinsulinemics. Surprisingly, despite
      the different insulin availabilities FFA, glycerol, alanine and glucagon
      concentrations were not statistically different in either trial and appear
      similar to those of healthy controls. A normal metabolic response to exercise can
      thus also be expected in Type I-diabetics, provided adequate insulin is
      available. When compared to controls, growth hormone concentrations were found to
      have increased during exercise. These experimental data strongly suggest the
      great necessity of adequate insulin availability in order to obtain normal
      metabolic responses to exercise in insulin-dependent diabetics. Despite certain
      degrees of hypo- or hyperinsulinemia, moderate exercise did not cause any marked
      metabolic derangements. This type of moderate exercise is therefore recommended
      for improving metabolic control in such patients.

PMID- 3886417
TI  - Cyclosporin A in marrow transplantation for leukemia and aplastic anemia.
AB  - A total of 29 consecutive patients with leukemia or aplastic anemia who received
      an HLA-identical marrow graft were given cyclosporin A (CyA) to prevent graft
      versus-host disease (GvHD). These patients were compared with an historic group
      of 25 similar patients with leukemia or AA given methotrexate (MTX) for GvHD
      prophylaxis at this institution. Engraftment was faster in patients given CyA
      when compared with MTX patients, with less days of granulocytopenia (P = 0.04), a
      shorter interval before reaching a platelet count of 70 X 10(9)/l (P = 0.04),
      fewer major infections (P = 0.01), and fewer days on intravenous antibiotics (P =
      0.02). There were no graft failures in CyA patients compared with four of 25 in
      MTX patients (P = 0.01). Early mortality was lower in CyA patients but not
      significantly (P = 0.06). The incidence of pulmonary complications was
      comparable, five of 29 and seven of 25 in CyA and MTX patients, respectively, but
      the clinical features of such complications differed. Interstitial pneumonia
      developing after day 30 was seen in MTX patients, whereas an acute respiratory
      distress syndrome developing between day +8 and day +18 was seen in CyA patients.
      Acute GvHD was less severe in CyA patients (P = 0.04), but chronic GvHD was
      comparable (P = 0.3). The actual one-year survival is currently 72% and 52% in
      CyA and MTX patients, respectively (P = 0.1). Although our initial experience
      with CyA is encouraging with regard to engraftment and acute GvHD, optimization
      of CyA protocols will probably be needed for it to be proven as having a definite
      advantage over MTX.

PMID- 3886418
TI  - Autologous marrow transplantation in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia
      in first remission.
AB  - Thirteen patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia underwent autologous bone
      marrow transplantation (ABMT) following high doses of cyclophosphamide and total
      body irradiation while in first complete remission. After marrow infusion four
      patients received human leukocyte interferon and nine received intravenous
      methotrexate. One patient died on day 16 of septicemia associated with severe
      gastrointestinal toxicity. In the remaining 12 patients the median day of
      achieving a circulating granulocyte level of 500/mm3 was 29 (range 15-94 days).
      Eight of 12 evaluable patients achieved a sustained platelet count of 20,000/mm3
      or greater in a median of 44 days (range 12-116 days) and four patients did not
      achieve this level before death on days 116-396. One patient died on day 116 of
      interstitial pneumonitis secondary to cytomegalovirus. Eight patients relapsed 58
      365 days after AMBT (median 335 days), and all have died. Three patients are
      alive and well without relapse 26-50 months after ABMT. This study demonstrated
      that poor engraftment was a frequent complication of ABMT when early
      posttransplant cytotoxic therapy was attempted. Relapse of leukemia and the
      number of long-term survivors in this small group of patients was not different
      from that expected following conventional therapy.

PMID- 3886419
TI  - Late effects of chemotherapy on hematopoietic progenitor cells.
AB  - Residual damage to marrow function has been observed in cyclophosphamide-treated
      or irradiated mice following recovery of marrow hematopoietic stem cells (CFU-S)
      and peripheral blood counts to pretreatment levels. Residual damage is evidenced
      by less rapid recovery of marrow CFU-S and blood counts following subsequent
      exposure to sublethal irradiation. Mice treated with busulfan also demonstrate
      residual marrow damage as evidenced by incomplete recovery of marrow CFU-S to
      pretreatment levels. We report here on studies to determine whether the residual
      marrow damage after radiation, cyclophosphamide, or busulfan therapy is exerted
      on the hematopoietic stroma's ability to support CFU-S proliferation (HS-P) or on
      the repopulating potential of the CFU-S per se. HS-P function is determined by
      measuring the ability of femora implanted subcutaneously into syngeneic mice to
      support the growth of host CFU-S. Evidence is presented to show that this
      function depends on fixed (nonmigrating) cells in the marrow environment. The
      repopulating potential of CFU-S is determined by measuring the rate of
      regeneration of marrow CFU-S after transplantation into lethally irradiated mice.
      The results of these studies indicate that exposure to 950 rad, busulfan, or
      cyclophosphamide all cause damage to the HS-P that persists for at least six
      weeks after therapy. After cyclophosphamide therapy, but not after exposure to
      the other two agents, HS-P function continues to improve six weeks after therapy
      and eventually reaches pretreatment levels. Only in busulfan-treated mice was the
      residual damage to the CFU-S repopulating capacity significantly more marked than
      damage to HS-P function.

PMID- 3886420
TI  - Posttraumatic autoimmune reaction in peripheral nerve: effect of two successive
      injuries at the same site.
AB  - We studied local autoimmune reactions in rat sciatic nerve after two successive
      injuries at the same site. The behavioral consequences of these injuries were
      also examined. We found that repetitive injuries had a moderately adverse effect
      on function and were accompanied by local autoimmune reactions. A causal relation
      between the two phenomena was possible but not clearly established.

PMID- 3886421
TI  - Posttraumatic autoimmune reaction in peripheral nerve: effect of two successive
      injuries at different locations.
AB  - We studied the influence of previous nerve damage on the evolution of recovery
      that follows a second nerve injury. Recovery from nerve injury was assessed by
      analyzing rats' foot prints during a 74-day period. In addition, at the end of
      this period, the surgically treated sciatic nerves were immunohistochemically
      stained for the presence of immunoglobulins, an indicator of an autoimmune
      reaction. We found there was a moderately adverse effect of previous nerve damage
      on the sciatic functional recovery, a fact that suggests some systemic response
      to the distantly placed initial damage. Immunohistochemical staining showed
      various degrees of immunoglobulin deposition depending on the type of the two
      injuries. An interpretation of our results is proposed.

PMID- 3886422
TI  - New answers to malaria problems through vector control?

PMID- 3886423
TI  - Protease-activated kinase II as the mediator of epidermal growth factor
      stimulated phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6.
AB  - Epidermal growth factor stimulates phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in
      serum-starved Swiss 3T3 cells, leading to the formation of highly phosphorylated
      derivatives containing 4-5 phosphates. Two-dimensional analysis of tryptic
      phosphopeptides of S6 shows an identical pattern to the ones obtained previously
      in other cells in response to insulin and the tumor promoting phorbol ester, 12-O
      tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate. This suggests a common intracellular mediator
      of S6 phosphorylation by different growth promoting agents. It is proposed that
      the potential mediator of this phosphorylation is the Ca2+-independent, cAMP
      independent protein kinase, protease activated kinase II, as shown by the extent
      of phosphorylation and the tryptic phosphopeptide maps of S6 with highly purified
      enzyme [(1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 13998-14002].

PMID- 3886424
TI  - On the recovery of Cys-containing peptides during peptide mapping by HPLC.
      Tryptic peptides of Trp-tRNA synthetase of E.coli.
AB  - Conditions are presented for separating the major tryptic peptides of E.coli
      tryptophanyl-transfer RNA synthetase by reversed-phase liquid chromatography
      using a water-methanol gradient in the presence of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid.
      Three of the peptides contain cysteine and are recovered in good yields if
      alkylated, but otherwise cannot be detected. A convenient post-digestion
      alkylation procedure is appropriate for use with small samples of protein which
      can be digested under reducing conditions. These results will be of interest for
      studies of the labeling of sulfhydryl groups in other proteins.

PMID- 3886425
TI  - Effect of temperature on the circular dichroism spectra of beta 2-microglobulins.
AB  - When the temperature was lowered from 25 to 5 degrees C dramatic changes were
      observed in the near-ultraviolet circular dichroism spectra of bovine and caprine
      but not human beta 2-microglobulin. Comparison of the protein sequences suggests
      that the conformational change occurs in the amino-terminal 24 residues and that
      a tyrosine residue located on a potential beta-turn acts as a reporter group.
      Because delta H degrees is small (-22 kcal X mol-1), such conformational changes,
      possibly not readily observed, may occur at low temperatures in other proteins
      having potential beta-turns in otherwise aperiodic regions of sequence.

PMID- 3886426
TI  - History of the last 100 years of attempts to control neoplastic disease.

PMID- 3886428
TI  - Aspects of cardiovascular reflexes in pathologic states.
AB  - Cardiovascular reflexes that are mediated by receptors in the heart and blood
      vessels control a variety of important hemodynamic and humoral functions. The
      action of these receptors can be shown to be abnormal in several pathologic
      states. Left atrial receptors exhibit a depressed discharge sensitivity in dogs
      with chronic congestive heart failure caused by an aortocaval fistula. The reflex
      effects of atrial receptor stimulation are also depressed in heart failure. Left
      ventricular receptor stimulation has been implicated in the abnormal vascular
      responses to exercise in patients with aortic stenosis. The arterial baroreflex
      control of heart rate is abnormal in animals and humans with various forms of
      hypertension. Arterial baroreceptors from hypertensive animals show a resetting
      of their pressure-discharge curve to higher pressures. The arterial baroreflex is
      also depressed in chronic heart failure. This effect may result from an
      abnormality of the efferent limb of the reflex arc or from changes in the
      interaction between baroreceptors and cardiac receptors centrally. A final
      possibility may be abnormal arterial baroreceptor discharge characteristics in
      heart failure.

PMID- 3886427
TI  - Contribution of sympathetic neural reflexes to mineralocorticoid escape.
AB  - The administration of aldosterone to normal subjects induces sodium retention,
      which is only transient inasmuch as sodium balance is restored shortly after
      extracellular fluid volume is expanded. This escape from sodium-retaining effects
      of mineralocorticoids, which is normally attended by sympathetic withdrawal, is
      not seen in some forms of secondary hyperaldosteronism that evolve with edema and
      increased sympathetic activity. The precise significance of the reflexly mediated
      changes in sympathetic activity on renal function has been difficult to assess.
      In fact, changes in cardiovascular volumes are known to be accompanied by
      alterations in other parameters that play a crucial role on salt and water
      equilibrium, such as renal perfusion pressure and renal renin. In this short
      paper we have analyzed the most probable integrated sequence of responses in
      neural activity, systemic pressure, and renal renin that lead to escape from high
      circulating levels of aldosterone. A major role is ascribed to volume expansion
      and to arterial pressure-induced natriuresis in the restoration of sodium
      balance. However, such responses are greatly facilitated by a selective
      inhibition of renal sympathetic activity mediated by cardiopulmonary receptors,
      and by a fall in postglomerular vascular resistance specifically mediated by a
      decrease in intrarenal angiotensin. These two modulatory factors are thought to
      assume a greater influence on sodium excretion during instances of secondary
      hyperaldosteronism.

PMID- 3886429
TI  - Role of baroreceptor resetting in cardiovascular regulation: acute resetting.
AB  - Recent studies show that the arterial baroreceptor reflex cannot be defined by a
      single buffer curve. The reflex blood pressure and heart rate curves depend on
      the pressure to which the baroreceptors are exposed. If arterial pressure is
      elevated for longer than 3-5 min the threshold and the entire buffer curve are
      shifted to higher pressures. On the other hand, a reduced arterial pressure
      shifts the buffer curve to lower pressures. Part of this phenomenon, which has
      been called rapid or acute resetting, may be explained by changes in the
      baroreceptor discharge in response to exposure to sustained alterations in
      pressure. The reflex response, however, resets more than can be explained by
      changes in the baroreceptor discharge. A central component to the resetting
      process is suggested. Resetting allows the baroreceptor reflex to operate over a
      wide range of arterial pressures rather than being confined to a single range
      defined by one buffer curve. Resetting is not complete. That is, if the receptors
      are exposed to a change in pressure of 30 mm Hg the buffer curves shift by less
      than 30 mm Hg. Thus a signal concerning mean pressure is not eliminated by the
      resetting process.

PMID- 3886430
TI  - Role of the brain-stem reticular formation in tonic-clonic seizures: lesion and
      pharmacological studies.
AB  - Bilateral lesions of the pontine tegmentum involving the superior cerebellar
      peduncles and the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis have been shown to attenuate
      the tonic components of maximal seizures induced by electroshock, sound
      stimulation (audiogenic), or pentylenetetrazol, although having no effect on
      clonus in three separate seizure models. The pontine tegmental lesion also
      abolishes the clonus of minimal audiogenic seizures that have a motor pattern
      different from that of other clonic models, and are believed to originate in the
      brain stem. The preponderant suppression of tonus by the pontine tegmental lesion
      as well as the inhibition of clonus in audiogenic seizures is strikingly similar
      to the effects of phenytoin in these same seizure models. The findings presented
      are consistent with the hypothesis that the pontine reticular formation (RF)
      plays a key role in the generation and/or expression of tonic convulsions.
      Additional findings are presented that suggest that serotonin may attenuate the
      tonic components of maximal electroshock seizures by an action on the brain stem.
      Thus, it seems likely that pontine tegmental lesions as well as antiepileptic
      drugs and neurotransmitters with preferential effects on tonic seizures act on a
      common neural substrate that appears to include the brain-stem RF.

PMID- 3886431
TI  - Mechanisms of sensory seizures: brain-stem neuronal response changes and
      convulsant drugs.
AB  - Generalized convulsive seizures can be triggered by sensory stimuli in animals
      treated with subthreshold levels of convulsant drugs. The sensory responses of
      the brain-stem reticular formation (RF) are extensively enhanced before seizure
      initiation with bicuculline, strychnine, pentylenetetrazol, physostigmine, and
      several other convulsants. The responses of RF neurons are more greatly enhanced
      than other nonprimary neurons in the hippocampus, amygdala, and cortex. The
      action of systemically administered convulsants involves direct effects on
      reticular neurons, because RF response enhancement is also seen with
      iontophoresis. RF neuronal response enhancement does not appear to involve
      actions of convulsants on specific neurotransmitters, because agents that act on
      different transmitters enhance the responses of the same RF neuron when given
      sequentially. Anticonvulsant drugs reverse the effects of convulsants on
      reticular neurons. The convulsant-induced response enhancement in the RF may
      involve blockade of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and/or threshold
      reduction, effects observed in vitro. RF neurons may be most susceptible to
      convulsant action because these agents block habituation and other mechanisms
      that normally restrict RF neuronal responsiveness. The massive synchronization of
      reticular neuronal firing by sensory stimuli may induce seizures by intense
      output over widespread RF projection pathways analogous to the afterdischarge
      seizures seen with electrical stimulation of the RF.

PMID- 3886432
TI  - Core mechanisms in generalized convulsions.
AB  - A hypothetical model is proposed to account for the generalized convulsions
      observed in rats. Two versions of the hypothesis are discussed: an earlier, more
      specific formulation that accounts for kindled convulsions, and a later, general
      version that applies to generalized convulsions as a whole. Observations leading
      to the specific formulation of the model included: 1) kindling data that
      suggested a single downstream center responsible for kindled convulsions; 2)
      brain-stem stimulation data that indicated that the reticular core of that
      structure could initiate and maintain generalized convulsive behavior; and 3)
      spinal hemisection data that indicated that nonspecific systems in the cord could
      also maintain convulsions, even in the absence of direct input from the brain.
      The more specific version of the model suggests that kindled convulsions are
      nonspecific core seizures that occur when self-sustained epileptic activation
      spreads from forebrain foci to involve descending polysynaptic pathways in the
      nonspecific core of the brain stem and cord. Observations leading to a more
      general formulation of the model include the facts that: 1) maximal and
      submaximal convulsions in a variety of models resemble each other; and 2) they
      also resemble the maximal and submaximal seizures produced by direct stimulation
      of the brain stem and cord. The more general formulation of the nonspecific core
      hypothesis suggests that a wide variety of convulsions in rats may be nonspecific
      core seizures, differences in tonic-clonic and rostrocaudal configuration being
      related primarily to differences in the intensity of core activation.

PMID- 3886433
TI  - Nutritional influences on the distribution of the urea cycle: intermediates in
      isolated hepatocytes.
AB  - After the urea cycle was proposed, considerable efforts were put forth to
      identify critical intermediates. This was then followed by studies of dietary and
      nutritional control of urea cycle enzyme activity and allosteric effectors of
      urea cycle enzymes. Correlation of urea cycle enzyme activity with isolated cell
      experiments indicated conditions where enzyme activity would be rate limiting. At
      physiological levels of ammonia the activation of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase
      (EC 6.3.4.16) by N-acetylglutamate (NAG) is important. Various levels of NAG
      corresponded well with changes in the rate of citrulline and urea synthesis.
      Arginine was found to be an allosteric activator of N-acetylglutamate synthetase
      (EC 2.3.1.1). Therefore, it was possible that the rate of carbamoyl phosphate
      synthesis was dependent on the level of urea cycle intermediates, particularly
      arginine. Evidence for arginine in the regulation of NAG synthesis is not as
      clear as for NAG on carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I. The concentration of
      hepatic arginine is not necessarily an indication of the mitochondrial
      concentration. Only mitochondrial arginine stimulates the N-acetylglutamate
      synthetase. Recent studies indicate that the mitochondrial concentration of
      arginine is higher than the cytosolic concentration and is well above the Ka for
      N-acetylglutamate synthetase. Therefore, it appears that changes in arginine
      concentration are not physiologically important in regulating levels of NAG.
      However, it is possible that responses to the effector may vary with time after
      eating, and it may be this responsiveness that controls the level of NAG and
      thereby urea synthesis.

PMID- 3886434
TI  - Can resting B cells present antigen to T cells?
AB  - Antigen stimulation of T lymphocytes can occur only in the presence of an antigen
      presenting cell (APC). An ever-increasing number of cell types have been found to
      act as APCs; these include macrophages, splenic and lymph node dendritic cells,
      and Langerhans' cells of the skin. Although activated B lymphocytes and B cell
      lymphomas are known to serve as APCs, it has been generally believed that resting
      B cells cannot perform this function. However, in recent studies we have found
      that resting B cells can indeed present soluble antigen to T cell clones as well
      as to antigen-primed T cells. The previous difficulty in demonstrating this
      activity can be explained by the finding that, in contrast to macrophages and
      dendritic cells, the antigen-presenting ability of resting B cells is very
      radiosensitive. Macrophages are usually irradiated with 2000-3300 rads to prevent
      them from incorporating [3H]thymidine in the T cell proliferation assay. Resting
      B cells, however, begin to lose presenting function at 1500 rads and have
      completely lost this activity at 3300 rads. It was also possible to distinguish
      two distinct T cell clonal phenotypes when resting B cells were used as APCs on
      the basis of two different assays (T cell proliferation, and B cell proliferation
      resulting from T cell activation). The majority of T cell clones tested were
      capable of both proliferating themselves and inducing the proliferation of B
      cells. Some T cells clones, however, could not proliferate in the presence of
      antigen and B cell APCs, although they were very good at inducing the
      proliferation of B cells. This suggests that there are two distinct pathways of T
      cell activation, one leading to T cell proliferation and the other leading only
      to the release of lymphokines (as measured by the polyclonal activation of B
      cells).

PMID- 3886435
TI  - Impairment of opioid control of luteinizing hormone secretion in menstrual
      disorders.
AB  - With the aim of examining central opioid influences on the control of luteinizing
      hormone (LH) secretion, we evaluated the LH response to naloxone, an opioid
      receptor antagonist, in patients affected by normo-, hyper-, and hypogonadotropic
      amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian disease and hyperprolactinemia. The results
      indicate that opioid influences are altered in well-defined pathologic conditions
      (hyperprolactinemia, obesity), in addition to being modified by gonadal steroids.

PMID- 3886436
TI  - Comparison among different methods for the diagnosis of varicocele. World Health
      Organization.
AB  - Three noninvasive methods for the detection of retrograde blood flow in the
      internal spermatic vein were evaluated in 141 men complaining of infertility in
      four different centers. Scrotal contact thermography using flexible strips was
      found to be the most accurate when compared with retrograde venography of the
      internal spermatic vein for a final diagnosis. Doppler sonography had a higher
      false-positive rate, while radionuclide angiography with static imaging had a
      higher false-negative rate. The combination of Doppler sonography and contact
      thermography resulted in the highest diagnostic accuracy, with only 1% false
      negative results and 44% false-positive findings. The noninvasive methods
      revealed that 16% of patients investigated presented clinically undetectable
      reflux (subclinical varicocele). Because evidence presently available suggests
      that treatment of all degrees of varicocele may improve fertility, it is advised
      to use both scrotal thermography and Doppler sonography as part of the routine
      investigations of men consulting for infertility.

PMID- 3886437
TI  - Immunoreactive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the seminal plasma and
      human semen parameters.
AB  - A luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH)-like substance has been detected
      in human seminal plasma by a radioimmunoassay (RIA) with a highly specific anti
      LH-RH antiserum. The seminal samples--not only the plasma itself but also the
      sample extracted by an acid/alcohol method--showed satisfactory displacement
      curves in our RIA system. The relationship between fertility and the LH-RH values
      in the seminal plasma was studied by comparing the peptide levels with sperm
      concentration and motility. By these two parameters, 103 samples were divided
      into four groups. In the low-concentration groups (oligozoospermic patients), the
      hormonal concentrations differed significantly (P less than 0.05) between those
      specimens demonstrating good and poor motility. These data suggest that this
      immunoreactive LH-RH may play a role in human spermatogenesis.

PMID- 3886438
TI  - The use of ultrasonography in patients with unexplained infertility.

PMID- 3886439
TI  - [Use of dental impression technic in the construction of individual tooth
      protectors and their significance in the prevention of sports injuries].

PMID- 3886440
TI  - [Comparative study of the plaque-forming potential of various foods].

PMID- 3886441
TI  - [Use of the Preci-Line anchoring device in the class 2A, 2A/1 and 2B partially
      edentulous mouth].

PMID- 3886442
TI  - [Prosthetic management of cleft palate in adults with special consideration of
      the protection of the remaining teeth].

PMID- 3886443
TI  - [Clinical experience with the restoration of the incisor angle].

PMID- 3886444
TI  - [Physiological effects of bombesin].
AB  - Central or peripheral administration of bombesin--tetradecapeptide obtained from
      amphibian skin, acted upon the nervous system, behaviour, thermoregulation and
      gastro-intestinal tract. New experimental data on synthesis, immunohistochemistry
      and physiological effects of bombesin and related peptides are presented.

PMID- 3886445
TI  - [The process of systematically supplying the body with nutrients during the
      active phase of digestion].

PMID- 3886447
TI  - Electronic-root canal length-measuring devices: review of the literature and
      clinical observations.

PMID- 3886446
TI  - [Absence of the reaction of insulin receptors to receptorotropic activity in the
      rat liver with innervation lesions].
AB  - Section of the hepatic nervous plexus did not affect insulin receptor parameters
      in hepatic or adipose tissue plasma membranes. In control rats, the increase of
      the receptor insulin binding in fasting and its fall under experimental
      hyperinsulinemia were found both in hepatic and adipose tissue membranes, while
      in the rats with lesioned hepatic innervation these changes only occurred in
      adipose tissue membranes. No insulin receptor response to fasting or
      hyperinsulinemia in the rat liver with lesioned innervation occurred. The
      vegetative nervous system seems to affect the insulin receptors in the insulin
      target tissues. The nervous regulation of the receptors in addition to the
      humoral one, increases the effectiveness of the insulin metabolic control in its
      target cells.

PMID- 3886448
TI  - Profile of a dentist/inventor. Dr. Holland's wonderful world.

PMID- 3886449
TI  - [Patented equipment for the dentist and dental technician].

PMID- 3886450
TI  - Modulation of linker histones during development in Tetrahymena: selective
      elimination of linker histone during the differentiation of new macronuclei.
AB  - Macronuclei of Tetrahymena thermophila contain a typical H1 which has been shown
      to be missing from micronuclei. Instead, micronuclei contain three unique
      polypeptides, alpha, beta, and gamma, which are associated with linker regions of
      micronuclear chromatin. In this report polyclonal antibodies raised against
      macronuclear H1 are shown to react with alpha, beta, and gamma by immunoblotting
      analyses. This result suggests that these polypeptides share some common
      structural feature(s). Also consistent with this result is the finding that both
      macro- and micronuclei in growing and mating cells stain positively with H1
      antibodies by in situ indirect immunofluorescence. However, these analyses
      demonstrate that the level of linker histone is greatly reduced in the
      micronucleus of starved cells and in young macronuclear anlagen. These results
      are in agreement with earlier biochemical studies and together provide strong
      evidence that dramatic changes in linker histone accompany nuclear
      differentiation (and dedifferentiation) in Tetrahymena.

PMID- 3886451
TI  - Histone messenger RNA synthesis and accumulation during early development in the
      echiuroid worm, Urechis caupo.
AB  - RNA isolated from Urechis caupo mature oocytes and embryos was analyzed for the
      presence of histone messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by in vitro translation and by filter
      blot hybridization to determine the contribution of maternal and newly
      transcribed histone mRNAs to the pattern of histone synthesis during early
      development. Histone mRNAs were not detected in mature oocyte RNA which suggests
      that relatively few if any maternal histone mRNAs are sequestered in the mature
      oocytes. Histone mRNAs were detected in cleavage-stage RNA and increased in
      amount from midcleavage through late gastrula stages. The in vitro translation
      analysis also demonstrated that the amount of H1 histone mRNA in late cleavage-
      and early blastula-stage embryos exceeds that of the individual core histone
      mRNAs. The disproportionate accumulation of individual histone mRNAs correlates
      with the noncoordinate synthesis of H1 and core histones which occurs during
      early embryogenesis.

PMID- 3886452
TI  - Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel analysis of changes in protein phosphorylation
      during maturation of Xenopus oocytes.
AB  - A three- to five-fold increase in non-cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation has
      previously been found to occur in progesterone-treated oocytes shortly before
      germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) or immediately following maturation-promoting
      factor (MPF) injection. Analysis of phosphoprotein from 32Pi-labeled oocytes by
      both equilibrium and nonequilibrium two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed
      a large number of qualitative changes in phosphoproteins at GVBD, including both
      phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. Time-course studies demonstrated
      that some of the new phosphoproteins appeared as early as 0.36 GVBD50, and all
      changes were stable at least through GVBD. The pattern of new phosphoproteins at
      GVBD was similar in oocytes microinjected with a partially purified preparation
      of MPF. A number of the new phosphoproteins were heat stable, which may
      facilitate their purification and characterization. These results support the
      hypothesis that key regulatory events during oocyte maturation are controlled by
      protein phosphorylation.

PMID- 3886453
TI  - Differentiation of primary embryonic neuroblasts in purified neural cell cultures
      from Drosophila.
AB  - Embryonic neuroblasts of Drosophila are undifferentiated precursor cells that
      give rise to the central nervous system. Centrifugal elutriation has been
      employed to fractionate embryonic cells on the basis of size. A fraction of large
      cells was found to be greatly enriched for neuroblasts, whereas mesodermal
      precursor cells were completely excluded. This allowed a second step of
      purification, based upon adhesion to glass, to provide virtually pure cultures of
      neural cells. The cells in these cultures had the properties of neurons of the
      Drosophila CNS: They gave rise to ganglion-like clusters from which neurites
      extended on the culture substrate, and they expressed the enzyme,
      acetylcholinesterase, and the cell surface antigens recognized by antisera raised
      against horseradish peroxidase. The production of large-scale neuronal cell
      cultures will be useful for immunological and molecular studies of neural cell
      differentiation.

PMID- 3886454
TI  - Cell-cell interaction can influence drug-induced differentiation of murine
      embryonal carcinoma cells.
AB  - When cultured in the presence of either retinoic acid (RA) or dimethyl sulfoxide
      (DMSO), aggregates of the P19 line of mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells
      differentiate and the spectrum of cell types formed depends on the drug dose. It
      is shown here the EC cells rapidly lose their colony-forming ability when
      cultured as aggregates in the presence of DMSO. This loss of plating efficiency
      (PE) also occurs rapidly following RA treatment. Loss of PE has been used as a
      quantitative procedure for assessing the rate of drug-induced differentiation.
      The relationship between drug dose and loss of PE is much steeper for DMSO than
      for RA, suggesting that these two drugs affect different stages of the
      differentiation decision-making apparatus. Mutant EC cell lines (D3 and RAC65) do
      not differentiate in the presence of drug-inducers (DMSO and RA, respectively).
      Neither differentiation-deficient mutant has an altered ability to form gap
      junctions. When D3 and P19 cells were mixed within the same DMSO-treated
      aggregates, the D3 cells remained undifferentiated and the P19 cells
      differentiated much less efficiently than if they were cultured in the absence of
      the D3 cells. When RAC65 and P19 cells were mixed in RA-treated aggregates, each
      cell responded to the drug as though the other were absent. Thus RA behaves as a
      cell-autonomous inducer of differentiation, whereas DMSO-induced differentiation
      seems to be mediated by interactions between neighboring cells.

PMID- 3886455
TI  - A subset of cells in the nerve net of Hydra oligactis defined by a monoclonal
      antibody: its arrangement and development.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody, termed JD1, was generated that bound to a subset of the
      nerve cells in the hypostome and tentacles of Hydra oligactis. Using a whole
      mount technique the spatial pattern of the subset of nerve cells and their
      processes could be clearly visualized using indirect immunofluorescence. The
      subset largely corresponds to the epidermal sensory cells. Using the same
      technique the development of the pattern during head regeneration and budding was
      examined. The appearance of the nerve cells coincides with the formation of both
      the tentacles and hypostome. When head regeneration does not occur, JD1+ cells do
      not appear suggesting the differentiation of JD1+ cells is an integral event in
      head formation dependent on antecedent patterning processes.

PMID- 3886456
TI  - Testosterone-induced meiotic maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes: evidence for
      an early effect in the synergistic action of insulin.
AB  - Meiosis reinitiation in oocytes (stage 5-6 of Dumont) isolated free of follicle
      cells by collagenase treatment from ovarian pieces of Xenopus laevis, was studied
      in observing the germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) provoked by progesterone and
      testosterone (0.1 nM-1 microM), alone or in association with insulin (30
      micrograms/ml). Testosterone, was more active than progesterone to elicit GVBD in
      vitro, raising the question of the relative roles of both steroids in the
      physiological maturation process in vivo. The potentiating effect of insulin,
      already observed on progesterone action, was also demonstrated upon testosterone
      effect; the results suggested that it occurs during the early phase of hormone
      induced meiosis reinitiation.

PMID- 3886457
TI  - Insulin-like action of proinsulin on rat liver carbohydrate metabolism in vitro.
AB  - Short-term effects of human proinsulin on metabolic rates and its long-term
      action on enzyme induction were studied in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes
      and in the perfused rat liver, and compared with the effects of bovine insulin.
      In the perfused rat liver, proinsulin decreased the glucagon-dependent increase
      of glycogenolysis. The action of 0.5 nM glucagon was almost completely suppressed
      by 100 nM proinsulin. Proinsulin and insulin showed similar potency. In cultured
      rat hepatocytes, proinsulin stimulated glycolysis up to fivefold with a half
      maximal effective dose of 30 nM. Proinsulin induced the key glycolytic enzymes
      glucokinase and pyruvate kinase by twofold and antagonized the glucagon-dependent
      induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase with a half-maximal effective dose
      at 3 nM. For the effects in cultured hepatocytes, about 100-fold higher
      concentrations of proinsulin than of insulin were required.

PMID- 3886458
TI  - Aggregation of insulin, containing surfactants, in contact with different
      materials.
AB  - The aggregation of insulin and of insulin protected with surfactants was studied
      by shaking at 37 degrees C in glass, in polypropylene and polystyrene vials, and
      in CPI and Auto-Syringe insulin syringes and infusion sets. Surfactants such as
      Pluronic 17R8 and 25R5 hastened the aggregation, whereas Pluronic F68 was
      effective in preventing it. Furthermore, there was no change in the
      immunoreactivity of insulin containing Pluronic F68 even after 8 days of shaking.
      Unprotected insulin aggregated in all the vials. There appears to be little
      problem with the commercial syringes tested, but the infusion sets could cause
      aggregation of insulin if used over an extended period of time. Although Pluronic
      F68 prevented insulin aggregation in situ, it extracted more impurities from the
      contacting plastics. Further development in materials and design of insulin sets
      and insulin containers appears necessary.

PMID- 3886459
TI  - Regulation of ketogenesis by epinephrine and norepinephrine in the overnight
      fasted, conscious dog.
AB  - The effects on ketogenesis and lipolysis of a norepinephrine (0.04 microgram/kg
      min), epinephrine (0.04 microgram/kg-min), or saline infusion were examined in
      the overnight-fasted, conscious dog. Plasma insulin and glucagon levels were
      maintained constant by means of a somatostatin infusion (0.8 microgram/kg-min)
      and intraportal replacement infusions of insulin and glucagon. In saline-infused
      dogs, plasma epinephrine (62 +/- 8 pg/ml), norepinephrine (92 +/- 29 pg/ml),
      blood glycerol (87 +/- 10 microM), and plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA)
      (0.82 +/- 0.17 mM) levels did not change. Total blood ketone body levels tended
      to rise (62 +/- 10 to 83 +/- 11 microM) by 3 h as did total ketone body
      production (1.5 +/- 0.4 to 2.2 +/- 0.4 mumol/kg-min) over the same time interval.
      Norepinephrine infusion to produce plasma levels of 447 +/- 86 pg/ml caused a
      sustained 50% rise in glycerol levels (66 +/- 17 to 99 +/- 15 mumol/L, P less
      than 0.05) and 53% rise in nonesterified fatty acids (0.53 +/- 0.07 to 0.81 +/-
      0.15 mumol/L, P less than 0.05). Total ketone body levels rose by 43% (51 +/- 8
      to 73 +/- 10 mumol/L) and ketone body production rose by a similar proportion
      (1.5 +/- 0.2 to 2.2 +/- 0.3 mumol/kg-min), changes that did not differ
      significantly from control animals. A similar increment in plasma epinephrine
      levels (75 +/- 15 to 475 +/- 60 pg/ml) caused glycerol levels to rise by 82% (105
      +/- 23 to 191 +/- 26 mumol/L) in 30 min, but this rise was not sustained and the
      level fell to 146 +/- 14 mumol/L by 120 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3886460
TI  - Lack of association of the polymorphic locus in the 5'-flanking region of the
      human insulin gene and diabetes in American blacks.
AB  - A polymorphic region 5' to the human insulin gene has been associated with
      diabetes in earlier studies. This polymorphic region is composed of tandem
      repeats that fall into 3 general size classes, designated class 1 (600 base
      pairs), class 2 (1300 base pairs), and class 3 (2500 base pairs). Frequencies of
      these classes of alleles vary among racial groups. American Blacks have been
      underrepresented in published studies of insulin gene polymorphism and diabetes.
      We undertook a cooperative study between two centers (San Francisco and St.
      Louis) to determine geno-types at the insulin locus in 313 unrelated American
      Blacks (132 nondiabetic, 27 with IDDM, and 154 with NIDDM). In both centers,
      nondiabetic individuals were younger and leaner than NIDDM patients. Allelic and
      genotypic frequencies at the insulin locus were not different between the two
      centers. Class 1 alleles represented 60% of all alleles, class 2 alleles 11%, and
      class 3 29%. No class of insulin allele was associated with NIDDM in this study.
      Subdivision of the study population by obesity, family history, or age at
      diagnosis failed to detect a subgroup for which the insulin allele was associated
      with NIDDM. Only 27 IDDM individuals were studied, and no significant association
      of class 1 alleles with this group was noted. However, examination of more IDDM
      individuals is required before a definitive statement can be made. Fasting serum
      triglyceride levels were determined retrospectively in 50 NIDDM individuals. No
      differences in triglyceride levels among genotypes were noted. The frequency of
      class 3 alleles in 13 hypertriglyceridemic NIDDM subjects was not different from
      that of the whole group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3886461
TI  - Meal-stimulated C-peptide and insulin antibodies in type I diabetic subjects and
      their nondiabetic siblings characterized by HLA-DR antigens.
AB  - We studied serum C-peptide (CP) response 90 min after a breakfast meal and
      insulin antibody titers in 171 type I diabetic (IDDM) patients and 272 of their
      nondiabetic siblings from 169 unrelated families. HLA typing was performed in all
      participants. In IDDM patients, there was a decline in CP response with increased
      duration of disease. CP responses of greater than or equal to 1.8 ng/ml were seen
      significantly less often in patients who were less than 10 yr old at the time of
      diagnosis of IDDM than in patients who were greater than 10 yr old at the time of
      diagnosis (8% versus 21%, P less than 0.05). More patients with HLA-DR4 had a CP
      response greater than or equal to 1.8 ng/ml than did patients who lacked this
      antigen whether duration of IDDM was less than 10 yr (30% versus 18%, P greater
      than 0.05) or greater than or equal to 10 yr (15% versus 0%, P less than 0.05).
      Mean C-peptide was also higher in HLA-DR4-positive patients compared with HLA-DR4
      negative patients both when duration of disease was less than 10 yr (1.7 +/- 1.9
      versus 1.4 +/- 1.0, P less than 0.01) and greater than or equal to 10 yr (1.2 +/-
      1.5 versus 1.0 +/- 0.4, P less than 0.0001). Insulin antibody binding was
      slightly higher in patients with HLA-DR4 compared with patients lacking this
      antigen (5.96 +/- 7.20 versus 4.89 +/- 4.74, P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3886462
TI  - Measurement of circulating human proinsulin concentrations using a proinsulin
      specific antiserum.
AB  - Antibodies have been raised against biosynthetic human proinsulin that show less
      than 1% cross-reactivity with human insulin and C-peptide. A sensitive (IC50 0.16
      pmol/ml; minimum detectable concentration 0.004 pmol/ml) radioimmunoassay has
      been developed using this antiserum and 125I-proinsulin that will measure
      proinsulin-like immunoreactivity in human serum without the need for prior
      separation of insulin or C-peptide. In healthy, fasted subjects (N = 23), the
      serum proinsulin concentration was 0.015 +/- 0.001 pmol/ml (mean +/- SEM). In six
      healthy subjects, serum proinsulin rose to 250% of basal after 120 min in
      response to 100 g oral carbohydrate, but to only 130% after 60 min following 25 g
      oral carbohydrate. The proinsulin/total immunoreactive insulin ratio and the
      proinsulin/C-peptide ratio fell sharply after both high and low carbohydrate
      loads. Endogenous human serum proinsulin-like immunoreactivity released into the
      circulation after 100 g carbohydrate was eluted from a Mono Q high-performance,
      ion-exchange column with the same retention time as biosynthetic human
      proinsulin. Treatment of biosynthetic proinsulin with trypsin under mild
      conditions led to a decrease in proinsulin-like immunoreactivity concomitant with
      an increase in C-peptide and insulin-like immunoreactivity, indicating that the
      proinsulin-specific antiserum did not preferentially recognize intermediates of
      proinsulin cleavage.

PMID- 3886463
TI  - Carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation in patients with type B insulin resistance.
AB  - Total body carbohydrate (CHO) and fat oxidation rates, plasma glucose, free fatty
      acid, and insulin concentrations were determined in two patients with the type B
      syndrome of severe insulin resistance and in normal controls in response to
      insulin infusions (1-100 mU/kg/min) and to a test meal. In addition, insulin was
      infused at higher rates (10-1000 mU/kg/min) in one of the two patients while
      plasma glucose concentrations were clamped first at 195 and later at 244 mg/dl.
      During the postabsorptive state, resting metabolic rates (RMR) were 914 and 979
      cal/min/1.73 m2 in the two patients (controls: 1018 +/- 85 cal/min/1.73 m2).
      Patients met 85% and 83% of their caloric requirements by oxidizing fat
      (controls: 63 +/- 7%). Protein oxidation accounted for 15% and 13% (controls: 14
      +/- 3%) of energy requirements and CHO oxidation for 0% and 0%, respectively, in
      both patients (controls: 23 +/- 5%). Infusion of insulin at a rate of 10
      mU/kg/min raised plasma insulin concentrations from 1400 and 440 microU/ml to
      6000 and 2500 microU/ml, respectively, in patients 1 and 2 (controls: from 4 +/-
      0.3 to 1288 +/- 50 microU/ml), but had no effects on rates of CHO, fat, or
      protein oxidation in either patient. By comparison, the rate of CHO oxidation in
      controls rose about sixfold from 40 +/- 8 to 234 +/- 12 mg/min/1.73 m2. Infusion
      of 1000 mU/kg/min in combination with an increase in plasma glucose from 195 +/-
      1.1 to 244 +/- 1.9 mg/dl in patient 1, however, raised CHO oxidation from 0 to 36
      mg/min/1.73 m2 and lowered fat oxidation from 105 to 69 mg/min/1.73 m2.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3886464
TI  - Products of therapeutic insulins in the blood of insulin-dependent (type I)
      diabetic patients.
AB  - The tendency of insulin in high concentrations to self-associate and the
      widespread presence of insulin-degrading enzymes suggest that fragments and/or
      aggregates of insulin may circulate in normal and insulin-dependent diabetic
      (IDDM) individuals. To examine this possibility, we have analyzed, by sensitive
      physicochemical methods, immunoreactive insulin (IRI) taken from the blood of 9
      healthy volunteers and 12 insulin-dependent diabetic patients. IRI from the blood
      of the normal volunteers was composed of 6000 (91.0 +/- 1.4%) and 9000 (9.0 +/-
      1.4%) molecular weight (mol wt) material. By 10% polyacrylamide disc gel
      electrophoresis (PAGE) and reverse-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography
      (HPLC), the 6000 mol wt material was indistinguishable from human insulin
      standards and insulin fragments were not found. C-peptide reactivity in the 9000
      mol wt material confirmed the expected presence of proinsulin and intermediates
      of proinsulin conversion. IRI harvested from the blood of 12 C-peptide-negative
      IDDMs, using a variety of insulin preparations, also separated into 6000 (80.5 +/
      3.9%) and 9000-12,000 (19.5 +/- 3.9%) mol wt material. By HPLC, 6000 mol wt IRI
      was either pork insulin (in volunteers using pure pork insulin) or a mixture of
      beef (approximately 90%), pork (approximately 10%) and deamidated beef (trace)
      insulin in those using a beef-pork mixture. However, the 9000-12,000 mol wt
      material had characteristics entirely distinct from proinsulin of either human or
      animal origin: C-peptide reactivity was undetectable using any of three sensitive
      radioimmunoassay systems, on PAGE it migrated more rapidly than proinsulin-like
      material, and in contrast to proinsulin, it was unaffected by proteolytic
      degradation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3886465
TI  - Computers in critical care--a weak connection.

PMID- 3886466
TI  - The use of sensory evoked potentials in toxicology.
AB  - The rationale for studying sensory systems as an integral part of
      neurotoxicological examinations is presented. The role of evoked potentials in
      assessing brain dysfunction in general and sensory systems in particular is also
      presented. Four types of sensory evoked potentials (brainstem auditory evoked
      response, somatosensory evoked potentials, flash evoked potentials, and pattern
      reversal evoked potentials) are discussed in terms of their demonstrated
      contributions to neurotoxicology and clinical neurology. Research needed to allow
      these methods to achieve their full value for neurotoxicology is identified and
      briefly discussed.

PMID- 3886467
TI  - Issues in carcinogenicity testing: dose selection.
AB  - Dose selection in testing chemicals for possible carcinogenicity in rodents
      continues to be an area of scientific debate. In this paper the definition of
      "maximum tolerated dose" (MTD) is considered, and the advantages and
      disadvantages of using MTDs are given. There is no universally accepted
      definition of an MTD, and as a result, objections to utilizing high doses in
      carcinogenicity testing may reflect differing definitions of an MTD rather than
      basic disagreements in dose selection philosophy. Data from 52 National
      Toxicology Program (NTP) carcinogenicity studies indicate that while dose
      selection has caused difficulties in certain studies using the gavage route of
      chemical administration, there is little evidence that this has been a problem in
      NTP studies using the dietary (feed) route of exposure. These data also indicate
      that more than two-thirds of the carcinogenic effects detected in feeding studies
      would have been missed had the high dose been reduced from the estimated MTD to
      1/2 MTD. The inherent insensitivity of laboratory animal studies for detecting
      weak-to-moderate carcinogenic responses also argues against reducing the highest
      dose level. The addition of a third, lower-dosed group provides for a margin of
      safety against the possibility of over-estimating the MTD. Primary emphasis
      should be given to improving procedures for estimating the MTD, particularly for
      gavage studies. Efforts should also be increased to obtain pharmacokinetic and
      metabolism data for the test chemical that might be factored into the dose
      selection and study evaluation processes.

PMID- 3886468
TI  - Changes in the collagen pathway in fibrosis.

PMID- 3886469
TI  - Lack of concordance of the Salmonella/microsome assay with the mouse dermal
      carcinogenesis bioassay for complex petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures.
AB  - Typical petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures were tested directly, without extraction,
      in the Salmonella/microsome mutagenesis assay in order to determine if the assay
      would be useful to predict their carcinogenic activity. The carcinogenic activity
      of each sample had been previously characterized in the in vivo mouse dermal
      carcinogenesis bioassay. The series of samples evaluated offered several
      advantages. They spanned a wide boiling point range, were well characterized
      chemically, had been tested for carcinogenic activity in a single laboratory, and
      varied in potency in vivo from inactive to highly active. Mutagenicity testing
      was performed in several well-established contract laboratories that routinely
      perform the assay. These laboratories were the main contracting laboratories for
      these assays at the time and had previously tested petroleum samples for clients.
      Initially, the first laboratory tested 13 samples in five strains of Salmonella
      typhimurium with and without rat liver S-9 (Arochlor 1254 induced), utilizing
      both plate and suspension techniques. None of the 13 samples exhibited a
      mutagenic response, even though 9 of the 13 were slightly to highly dermally
      carcinogenic in mice. Because of the unexpected results, it was decided to repeat
      the mutagenicity assays in two other laboratories. Six of the thirteen samples
      were selected, ranging in carcinogenic potency from negative to highly active.
      Again, none were mutagenic in the second contract laboratory. In a third
      facility, only one sample of the six exhibited a definite mutagenic response.
      However, the response was observed with a sample having only weak carcinogenic
      activity and, unusual for petroleum hydrocarbons, occurred without
      activation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3886470
TI  - Fatigue of unknown aetiology--a review.
AB  - The patient complaining of fatigue presents the physician with the dilemma of
      distinguishing a psychological disorder from a physical illness in its early
      stage. Information relating this nonspecific complaint to specific diagnoses is
      scarce. Consequently, laboratory investigation of fatigue has been empirical.
      Five separate reports of patients with fatigue (n = 940) are reviewed.
      'Psychologic' causes accounted for 57% of cases. Of the 36.7% of cases with
      'physical' causes, infection represented the largest group followed by
      cardiovascular and endocrine abnormalities. In these reports, the cases of cancer
      and connective tissue disease was remarkably few (1% each). Duration of fatigue
      and patient age may be important clues to the underlying diagnosis. Appropriate
      laboratory investigations and suitable areas for future research are suggested.

PMID- 3886471
TI  - [Hydatidiform mole presenting as an extrauterine pregnancy].

PMID- 3886472
TI  - Seasonal variations in plasma luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels in the
      European badger Meles meles L.
AB  - Although active spermatogenesis occurs throughout the year in the male European
      badger Meles meles L., seasonal fluctuations of testicular activity were
      observed. The present study compared the pattern of luteinizing hormone (LH) and
      testosterone (T) secretions throughout the annual cycle. LH secretion was
      investigated by means of a heterologous radioimmunoassay using anti-ovine LH beta
      antiserum and canine reference standard. Seasonal and nycthemeral changes in LH
      and T secretions were observed. During the year a period of maximal values for
      both hormones is well correlated with the breeding. Moreover, episodic LH
      releases occurs during the period of minimal testosterone values, indicating
      resumption of hypothalamo-pituitary activity well before the breeding period.

PMID- 3886474
TI  - Insulin-like immunoreactivity in serum and pancreas of metamorphosing tadpoles.
AB  - Insulin-like immunoreactivity (ILI) in pancreatic extracts and serum of Rana
      catesbeiana tadpoles of various developmental stages was determined by
      radioimmunoassay. Serum ILI levels increased from 2.4 +/- 0.4 microU/ml in limb
      bud stage tadpoles (I-V) to 13.9 +/- 2.2 microU/ml in foot stage animals (XI
      XVII). During climax, serum ILI levels declined reaching 5.0 microU/ml in
      postmetamorphic juveniles. Embryonic pancreases (stage 25) contained sizeable
      amounts of ILI (115 +/- 14.4 microU). A fourfold increase in total pancreatic ILI
      occurred during the limb bud stages, and a twelvefold increase occurred by the
      end of the foot development stages. Total pancreatic ILI declined throughout
      climax stages to 410 microU in postmetamorphic juveniles. Serum glucose increased
      slightly over the course of larval development; the peak concentration occurred
      in foot stage tadpoles.

PMID- 3886473
TI  - Seasonal effects of pimozide and des Gly10 [D-Ala6] LH-RH ethylamide on
      gonadotrophin secretion in goldfish.
AB  - The seasonal changes in the gonadotrophin-release-inhibitory activity of dopamine
      and responsiveness to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone were investigated by
      determining the effects of injection of pimozide, a dopamine receptor antagonist,
      des-Gly10 [D-Ala6] LH-RH ethylamide (LRH-A), or the combination of pimozide plus
      LRH-A on serum gonadotrophin (GtH) levels of goldfish, held at 12 or 20 degrees
      C, at different stages of gonadal development. As in previous studies, pimozide
      greatly potentiated the GtH-release response to LRH-A. The highest concentrations
      of serum GtH induced by injection of pimozide or LRH-A alone, or the combination
      of pimozide plus LRH-A were in females in late stages of ovarian recrudescence;
      fish that were sexually regressed (males and females combined) were the least
      responsive, and fish that were in early stages of gonadal recrudescence, and
      mature females ( = prespawning, completed ovarian recrudescence) were
      intermediate. Fish held at 20 degrees C had a more rapid onset of GtH release and
      had higher serum GtH levels initially compared to fish at 12 degrees C at similar
      sexual stages; however, the fish held at 12 degrees C generally had a more
      prolonged increase in serum GtH levels, indicating that temperature influence the
      time course of the GtH-release response. The results indicate that there is a
      seasonal variation in responsiveness to injection of pimozide, LRH-A and the
      combination of pimozide plus LRH-A. These seasonal changes may be due to
      differences in the pituitary content of GtH, the ability of the pituitary to
      synthesize GtH, or changes in GtH cell receptors for GnRH and dopamine, or a
      combination of these and other unknown factors.

PMID- 3886475
TI  - Pimozide modulates the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone effect on
      gonadotrophin release in the African catfish, Clarias lazera.
AB  - In the African catfish the effect of (i) the dopamine antagonist pimozide (PIM),
      (ii) a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (LH-RHa), and (iii) a
      combination of these substances on gonadotrophin (GTH) release and on ovulation
      was investigated. PIM alone increased plasma GTH levels in juvenile catfish but
      was ineffective in mature animals. LH-RHa increased plasma GTH levels in both
      juvenile and mature catfish and within 12 hr after the injection a high rate of
      ovulation (80%) was observed. PIM potentiated the LH-RHa effect on GTH release
      and ovulation. It was concluded that dopamine does not effect the GTH release
      directly, but modulates the effect of endogenous and exogenous gonadotrophin
      releasing hormone.

PMID- 3886477
TI  - Diurnal rhythm of water intake and plasma angiotensin II in the Japanese quail
      (Coturnix coturnix japonica).
AB  - A diurnal rhythm was noted in the hourly water intake of the Japanese quail
      exposed to a 12L:12D photoperiod. Two peaks for the water intake were observed:
      from 07:00 to 08:00, 1 hr after turning on the light source, and from 18:00 to
      19:00, 1 hr before termination of the light source. The plasma angiotensin II
      (AII) concentration also showed two peaks: one at 06:00, 1 hr before the light
      source was turned on, and another at 18:00, 1 hr before the light was turned off.
      The two plasma AII peaks each occurred 1 hr before those for the water intake,
      respectively. The drinking rate was reduced by Captopril (SQ14225) administered
      at 07:05 and 18:14, when the plasma AII concentration and drinking rate were
      highest. The hematocrit was significantly higher during the dark period than the
      light period.

PMID- 3886476
TI  - Plasma levels of glucose, alanine, lactate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate in the unfed
      spiny dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias) after surgery and following mammalian
      insulin infusion.
AB  - Serial blood samples were collected from the unfed spiny dogfish shark (Squalus
      acanthias) by use of a cannula chronically implanted in the dorsal aorta. Plasma
      glucose, alanine, lactate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels were estimated by
      standard enzymatic procedures. The metabolite levels were estimated immediately
      after the surgery, for an additional 3 to 5 postoperative days before
      experimental use, and for 7 to 9 days after a single infusion of mammalian
      insulin (50, 100, and 250 IU/kg body wt) or the control solution. Plasma glucose,
      alanine, and lactate levels declined for 1 or 2 days after the surgery, but beta
      hydroxybutyrate levels were essentially unchanged. Plasma glucose levels remained
      relatively stable for the remainder of the pretreatment period, and in the
      control animals during the subsequent treatment period. In contrast, plasma
      alanine and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels increased during both the pretreatment
      period and the treatment period in the control animals. Plasma lactate levels
      increased in the control animals after Day 3 of the treatment period. Insulin
      infusions resulted in severe, prolonged depressions of plasma glucose and alanine
      levels. Plasma lactate levels also fell after insulin infusion, but the depressed
      levels were interrupted by precipitous, large increases, followed by sharp
      declines, that were evident for one to three sampling periods and whose onset
      varied between Days 3 and 5 in individual animals. The levels increased again in
      some animals between Days 6 and 9. Plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate levels were
      comparatively resistant to insulin. After an early decline, plasma beta
      hydroxybutyrate rose to levels that were near the control levels by Days 2
      through 4, but fell to near the initial levels by Day 5 and thereafter. The
      results suggest that the spiny dogfish, a species that consumes reliable and
      abundant amounts of protein and lipid, but little carbohydrate, and that may feed
      as seldom as every 2 weeks, uses ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate and
      presumably acetoacetate) as primary fuels. Glucose is apparently synthesized by
      gluconeogenesis, alanine and lactate are probable substrates, and ketone bodies
      are the likely sources of energy. The evidence supports the hypothesis that
      glucose is synthesized to maintain muscle glycogen reserves that are used for
      anaerobic glycolysis when the animal is engaged in predation, escape, or other
      circumstances that dictate vigorous swimming. If other tissues and organs require
      glucose as a fuel source, the amounts must be exceptionally small.

PMID- 3886478
TI  - Control of renal and adrenocortical function by the renin-angiotensin system in
      two euryhaline teleost fishes.
AB  - Plasma ions and cortisol levels were measured sequentially during the adaptation
      of European eels (Anguilla anguilla) from fresh water (FW) to sea water (SW). The
      importance of the renin-angiotensin system in the regulation of this adaptation
      was assessed using captopril (SQ14225, an inhibitor of angiotensin I-converting
      enzyme). The effects of captopril on renal function in FW- and SW-adapted trout
      were also examined. During the first 5 hr in sea water, plasma levels of cortisol
      in eels increased threefold, plasma sodium rose steadily from 137 to 156 mmol/l
      and plasma potassium fell from 2.1 to 1.6 mmol/l. In contrast, captopril-treated
      eels when adapted to sea water had plasma cortisol levels twice those of
      controls. Captopril treatment did not affect the electrolyte responses to
      seawater adaptation. Captopril injected into eels which were fully adapted to and
      wholly maintained in sea water had no effect on plasma levels of cortisol,
      sodium, and potassium. Plasma cortisol was 30% lower in freshwater eels 2 hr
      after an injection of captopril but plasma sodium and potassium levels were
      unchanged. In both FW- and SW-adapted trout, captopril infusions doubled the
      glomerular filtration and urine production rates and the tubular transport maxima
      for glucose without changes in plasma composition.

PMID- 3886479
TI  - Rearrangement of the genetic map of chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The genetic map of the right arm of chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      includes markers on a distal segment for which meiotic linkage to the centromere
      proximal marker cly8 has not previously been demonstrated. According to the
      currently accepted map, SUF4 is the most distal marker on the right arm. We have
      shown by tetrad analysis that SUF4 is linked to cly8 and ade6. The genetic
      distance between SUF4 and cly8 is 29 cM. These data indicate that the genetic map
      of the right arm of chromosome VII should be revised by inverting the orientation
      of the distal segment so that SUF4 is located near cly8, and SUC1 and MAL1 are
      the most distal markers. With this revision, all of the polymeric fermentation
      markers that have been mapped are located at the ends of chromosomes.

PMID- 3886480
TI  - [Genetic effect of chronic gamma radiation exposure in male mice].
AB  - The frequency of reciprocal translocations (RT) in mouse spermatogonia induced by
      gamma-rays at doses of 1.5 to 4.5 Gy and dose rates of 2.7 X 10(-6), 5.8 X 10(
      6), 9.4 X 10(-5) and 4.5 Gy/min was studied. A linear increase was observed in
      the RT frequency with increasing the dose, at all dose rates. At 9.4 X 10(-5)
      Gy/min the RT frequency was, on average, 10 times lower, as compared to that for
      a single acute dose rate of 4.5 Gy/min. Further reduction of the dose rate did
      not result in a decrease of the RT yield, and at the lowest dose rate of 2.7 X
      10(-6) Gy/min (the dose being 3.0 Gy) the RT frequency was higher than using the
      same dose at dose rates of 5.8 X 10(-6) and 9.4 X 10(-5) Gy/min. Possible reasons
      for an increase in the RT frequency at low dose rates are considered. A study of
      the frequency of abnormal sperm heads (ASH) has shown that at the dose rate of
      9.4 X 10(-5) Gy/min it is independent of an accumulated dose and is equal to the
      value obtained when exposing to an acute dose of 3.0 Gy. At dose rates of 2.7 X
      10(-6) and 5.8 X 10(-6) Gy/min ASH frequencies were only slightly increased at
      all doses, as compared to the control level.

PMID- 3886481
TI  - [Genetic analysis of the indices of gastric acid secretory and proteolytic
      functions in duodenal ulcer patients].
AB  - The phenotypic correlations between pepsinogen, proteases and the debit of acid
      secretion in patients with the peptic ulcer of duodenum and their parents were
      studied. It was found that the genetic factors have great influence on the level
      of pepsinogen and proteases in the basal conditions and under stimulation. In
      comparison with the general population, we obtained highly reliable increase of
      the level of pepsinogen and proteases in the groups of patients and their
      parents.

PMID- 3886482
TI  - [Maintenance stability of the pBR322 and pBR327 vector plasmids in Escherichia
      coli cells during multiple passages].
AB  - Stability of pBR322 and pBR327 plasmids was studied. Plasmid-containing
      Escherichia coli strains were grown in liquid growth medium without selection
      pressure. Plasmid pBR327 was shown to be more stable in E. coli CSH54 cells than
      pBR322. Essential heterogenity of individual plasmid-containing clones was
      recognized by the maintenance stability of plasmid DNA. The indicated clones with
      high stability failed to be cured from pBR327 plasmid by means of acridine
      orange. High stability of plasmid maintenance and the failure to cure cells
      containing this plasmid are suggested to correlate with and to be essentially
      determined by the cell functions.

PMID- 3886483
TI  - [Antimutagenic effects of para-aminobenzoic acid in experiments with bacterial
      cells. Noninterference in the mutation process controlled by plasmid pKM101].
AB  - The dependence of expression of PABA antimutagenic action in bacterial cells on
      the character of genetic control of the mutagenic process was studied. PABA
      antimutagenic activity was largely connected with the negative control of SOS
      repair which is controlled by bacterial cell genes, but not by pKM101 plasmid
      genes. These results are in agreement with the idea that the systems of repair
      and mutagenesis specified by cell genome and plasmids are not identical.

PMID- 3886484
TI  - [Escherichia coli K-12 mutants with increased resistance to ionizing radiation.
      V. The effect of mutations on spontaneous and radiation mutagenesis].
AB  - The frequencies of spontaneous mutations (reversions his-4----His+ and forward
      mutations to rifampicin-, nalidixic acid- or valine-resistance) in radiation
      resistant mutants Gamr444 and Gamr445 are much lower than in the wild-type strain
      AB1157. His+ revertants and rifampicin-resistant mutants Rifr are induced by low
      doses of gamma-rays more efficiently than in the wild-type. Low doses of UV light
      only enhanced mutagenic activity in Gamr strains for induction of His+ reversions
      but not for Rifr mutations. For the wild-type strain the frequencies of His+ and
      Rifr mutations increase proportionally to the square of dose both of UV light and
      gamma-rays. For the most radioresistant Gamr444 mutant the frequencies of UV- and
      gamma-rays-induced Rifr mutations and of gamma-rays-induced reversions increase
      linearly with the dose. Possible reasons for these anomalies of radiation-induced
      mutagenesis in Gamr mutants are discussed.

PMID- 3886485
TI  - [Mapping of the ceruloplasmin gene on human and laboratory mouse chromosomes by
      direct in situ hybridization].
AB  - Mapping of ceruloplasmin gene in human and mouse chromosomes was carried out
      using the cloned fragments of rat chromosomal ceruloplasmin gene and of
      ceruloplasmin cDNA as specific hybridization probes. DNA probes were nick
      translated with 125I-dCTP up to the high specific capacity. The number of silver
      grains as well as their distribution along the differentially stained chromosomes
      were analyzed in 120 metaphase plates from bone marrow cells of laboratory mice
      and in 181 plates from human lymphocyte cultures. The most probable localization
      of human ceruloplasmin gene is centromeric region q11-13 of chromosome 15(14?).
      In laboratory mice ceruloplasmin gene is assigned to the euchromatic part of D
      disc of chromosome 9. The possible causes for gene synteny in laboratory mouse
      and in man as well as its evolutionary implication are discussed.

PMID- 3886486
TI  - [Value of the methods of determining toxic substances in biological materials and
      hygienic studies].

PMID- 3886487
TI  - [Carcinogenic effect of chemical substances on humans].

PMID- 3886488
TI  - The almonership of Ollie A. Randall: affording temporary relief to unobtrusive
      suffering.

PMID- 3886489
TI  - [Occupational medicine during World War II].

PMID- 3886490
TI  - [Ventilation and gas exchange after delayed autograft of the lung and its
      preservation for 24 hours].

PMID- 3886491
TI  - [Clinical experience in using a Soviet low-contour disk heart valve prosthesis
      with axial blood flow].

PMID- 3886492
TI  - [Bullous pulmonary emphysema].

PMID- 3886493
TI  - [Aortico-left ventricular tunnel (clinical picture, diagnosis and surgical
      treatment)].

PMID- 3886495
TI  - Role of whole abdominal radiation therapy in the management of endometrial
      cancer; prognostic importance of factors indicating peritoneal metastases.
AB  - From 1973 through 1983, 27 women received postoperative open-field external beam
      abdominal radiotherapy as primary treatment of endometrial carcinoma. The 5-year
      survival rate was 71%. Two distinct prognostic groups were demonstrated. Patients
      with spread to the adnexa, peritoneal fluid, or both, had a 5-year relapse-free
      rate of 90%. Patients with macroscopic spread of cancer beyond the adnexa had a 5
      year relapse-free rate of 0%. Guidelines are suggested for the radiotherapeutic
      management of endometrial cancer metastatic to the peritoneal cavity.

PMID- 3886494
TI  - Ultrastructural study of cultured smooth muscle cells from uterine leiomyoma and
      myometrium under the influence of sex steroids.
AB  - Upon the hypothesis that the differentiation or development of smooth muscle
      cells in both myometrium and leiomyomas may be under the regulation of sex
      steroids, myometrial and myoma cells were cultured in the presence of sex
      steroids and their morphological changes were studied ultrastructurally. The
      cells from the explants of both leiomyoma and myometrium at the 14th day in
      either control or E (10(-8) M 17-beta-estradiol)-added medium showed extremely
      well-developed cytoplasmic organelles with few filaments located at the marginal
      portion of the cytoplasm. These ultrastructural features resembled those of a
      dedifferentiated stage of smooth muscle cells in vitro. At the 21st day, these
      cells showed a moderate number of cytoplasmic filaments with dense bodies. These
      ultrastructural features resembled those of a redifferentiated stage of smooth
      muscle cells in vitro. In both E- and P (10(-7) M progesterone)-added medium, the
      cultured smooth muscle cells from both leiomyoma and myometrium showed an
      increased number of myofilaments with dense bodies even at the 14th day to the
      21st day of culture in comparison to the cells either in control or estrogen
      added medium. Therefore, the cultured smooth muscle cells in the medium with E
      and P lacked their dedifferentiated phase in vitro and/or the differentiation or
      maintenance of their filaments might be under the influence of both estrogen and
      progesterone. On the observation that the cultured smooth muscle cells from both
      leiomyoma and myometrium showed very similar ultrastructural changes under the
      influence of sex steroids, it was suggested that leiomyoma may have the same
      progenitor cells as myometrium.

PMID- 3886496
TI  - Primary diagnosis of gynecological tumors by ultrasonography and computed
      tomography.
AB  - In 33 patients with a pelvic mass or otherwise suspected to have gynecological
      malignancy, ultrasonography and computed tomography of the abdomen were
      performed. The results were compared afterward with the findings at operation.
      With both methods the nature of the tumor had been predicted correctly in the
      majority of cases. Localization and metastases were more frequently detected by
      computed tomography. Both tests appeared, in a way, to be complementary. There
      were no false-negative findings in both sonography and computed tomography. In
      three cases false-positive results were seen with both techniques.

PMID- 3886497
TI  - Combined cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and cis-platinum in advanced ovarian cancer
      resistant to chlorambucil and cis-platinum.
AB  - Seventeen patients with advanced ovarian adenocarcinoma recurring or progressing
      after prior treatment with chlorambucil and cis-platinum were treated with
      cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and cis-platinum (CAP) every 3 weeks. In seven
      patients there was objective tumor response (41%) with a median response duration
      of 7.6 months and a survival advantage over nonresponders. Patients whose tumors
      had previously responded to chlorambucil or cis-platinum were less likely to
      respond to CAP than those who had not responded. Myelosuppression was the main
      toxicity, febrile neutropenia occurring after 8% of treatments.

PMID- 3886498
TI  - Effect of small doses of aspirin and acetaminophen on total menstrual loss and
      pain of cramps and headache.
AB  - 90 women participated in a 4-month study. During the first 2 periods, they took
      no pain relievers whatsoever; during their last 2 periods they took 2 X 325 mg
      aspirin, acetaminophen or an identically packaged placebo every 4 h to total 8
      tablets during the first 24 h of their periods beginning with spotting. For
      statistical analysis, periods 1 and 2 were combined and averaged, then compared
      with periods 3 and 4 combined and averaged. Total menstrual loss in grams, number
      of days of flow, and pain of cramps and headaches were analyzed by MANOVA for
      each of the three treatment groups. An ANOVA for each of these variables as well
      as for daily menstrual loss for the first 3 menstrual days was also performed.
      The MANOVA for all variables by the three treatment groups failed to show any
      significant differences. Similarly, ANOVAs for the individual variables failed to
      indicate significant differences except for the variable pain of cramps (p =
      0.0072). The Duncan's Multiple Range Test for pain of cramps showed that the
      average pain for the placebo group was higher than for either the aspirin or the
      acetaminophen group, although the means for these two groups were not
      significantly different. These results indicate that neither aspirin nor
      acetaminophen in the doses given alter either total menstrual loss or the pattern
      of loss during the first 3 menstrual days. However, both preparations were found
      to be more effective than placebo in reducing pain of cramps.

PMID- 3886499
TI  - Cell lineage evaluation in preimplantation mouse embryos by intracellular
      injection of IgG.
AB  - The cell lineage in preimplantation mouse embryos was studied by injecting rabbit
      IgG into zygotes or into a blastomere of early or late 2-cell, 3- or 4-cell stage
      embryos. The localization of the IgG was detected by the peroxidase
      antiperoxidase method. It was found that starting from the late 2-cell stage,
      lineage could be followed up to the cell populations of the blastocyst, inner
      cell mass and trophectoderm.

PMID- 3886500
TI  - Prostacyclin does not influence placental blood pool in vivo.
AB  - In 20 healthy pregnant women placental blood pool was estimated by means of
      placental scintigrams before, during and after infusion of either prostacyclin
      (PGI2) or placebo for 10 min to study the effect of PGI2 on the local regulation
      of uterine blood flow. There was no difference in the mean number of counts
      between the PGI2- and the placebo-treated group. Therefore no effect of PGI2 on
      uteroplacental blood pool could be detected in healthy gravidae.

PMID- 3886501
TI  - Tissue and intracellular distribution of estradiol receptors in the uterine
      endometrium.
AB  - A study of the tissue and intracellular distribution of estradiol receptors was
      made of the uterine endometrium of the rat, using an immunofluorescence
      technique. It was found that nearly all cells of the uterine gland have a uniform
      distribution of receptors, which does not change throughout the sexual cycle from
      proestrus to estrus. In contrast, a dense pattern of distribution of estradiol
      receptors was seen in the endometrial stroma during proestrus, whereas a diffuse
      pattern was seen during estrus. Intracellularly, the transition from the
      cytoplasm to the nucleus of estradiol reacting to receptors was found to be
      positively correlated with the incubation temperature and the length of
      incubation.

PMID- 3886502
TI  - [Scar correction using tissue expanders].
AB  - The Radovan tissue expander by stretching the skin permits the advancement of
      adjacent flaps without the need for additional scars or skin grafts. Even quite
      large areas may be resurfaced by this means. Two cases of scar correction are
      presented.

PMID- 3886503
TI  - [Primary closure of split thickness skin donor sites using surgical foil].
AB  - The advantages of using an operation foil for wound dressing when split thickness
      skin grafts have been taken are presented. For some years we have used an air and
      steam permeable plastic foil for wound dressing in cases where split thickness
      skin grafts have been taken. The advantages of this procedure in our opinion are:
      It minimizes postoperative pain. It allows inspection of the wound whenever it
      appears desirable because of the transparency of the foil. It reduces the cost of
      wound dressing and also nursing procedures.

PMID- 3886504
TI  - [In vitro studies on Geliperm Dry as a vehicle for antibiotics and antiseptics in
      local burn therapy].
AB  - Geliperm is a synthetic skin substitute, consisting of polysaccharid-polyacrylic
      plates. It is available as a soaked or a dried form (Geliperm dry). Geliperm dry
      can be soaked in antibiotic or antiseptic solutions. The in vitro inhibition of
      bacterial growth has been measured. The optimal concentrations have been
      evaluated. Geliperm dry soaked in antibiotic or antiseptic solutions can be used
      in the treatment of burns, but does not replace early excision of burned tissue
      or infected necrosis.

PMID- 3886505
TI  - [Results of the microsurgical reconstruction of peripheral nerves using a
      functional anatomical follow-up procedure].
AB  - Between 1969 and 1980 in a total of 557 patients 623 severed peripheral nerves
      were reconstructed by microsurgical technique. In 31,1% of the cases primary
      reconstruction was performed, in 18,6% secondary reconstruction and in 50,3% a
      free nerve transplantation. For evaluation we used a functional anatomic
      technique. The best results occurred after direct suturing without tension. In
      children results were much better than in adults. In free nerve transplantation
      results depended on length of nerve gap.

PMID- 3886506
TI  - [Effect of traxanox on antibody formation in C57BL/6 mice].
AB  - C57BL/6 mice, lower responders to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), were
      intraperitoneally immunized with 5 X 10(8) SRBC on day 0. Traxanox (10 and 30
      mg/kg) administered orally on days 0 and 1 potentiated the production of spleen-
      and thymus-rosette forming cells (RFC) assessed on day 7. The production of
      hemolytic plaque forming cells (HPFC) to SRBC in the spleen of the syngeneic
      recipient mice assessed on day 4 was inhibited by the transfer of spleen-RFC
      obtained from the vehicle-treated donor mice, but not by that obtained from the
      traxanox (30 mg/kg)-treated donor mice. The same results were obtained in the
      thymectomized-recipient mice. The activity of the spleen-RFC obtained from the
      vehicle-treated donor mice was abolished by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 or anti
      Lyt 2.2 antibody and complement. On the other hand, the activity of the spleen
      RFC obtained from the traxanox-treated donor mice was abolished by treatment with
      anti-Lyt 1.2 antiserum and complement. Traxanox (3 and 30 mg/kg) also caused the
      induction of the Thy 1.2-positive RFC in the spleen of the thymectomized mice.
      These results suggest that traxanox has a capacity to potentiate the immune
      responses to SRBC in C57BL/6 mice by the induction of Lyt 1.2-positive cells
      (helper T cells).

PMID- 3886507
TI  - Social interaction as related to language acquisition: an annotated bibliography.

PMID- 3886508
TI  - [Bone marrow transplantation--indications, risks and uses].

PMID- 3886509
TI  - [Digital subtraction angiography of arteries of the extremities].

PMID- 3886510
TI  - [Clinical trials with pirprofen and naproxen in patients with gonarthrosis and
      coxarthrosis].

PMID- 3886511
TI  - Chronic gastritis and gastric acid secretion in uraemic and renal transplant
      patients.
AB  - Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies from the antrum, body and
      duodenum, as well as tests for acid secretion were performed on 43 uraemic
      patients, 17 women and 26 men, (mean age 49.7 years) and on 46 patients with well
      functioning renal transplant received 10 months earlier (12 women and 34 men,
      mean age 40.6 years) in order to study the background of peptic lesions in
      uraemic patients. Eighty-nine age- and sex-matched subjects selected from a
      random population sample consisting of 434 persons served as a control group. All
      groups of renal patients were similar with respect to the prevalence and severity
      of antral or body chronic gastritis. Compared with control subjects their antrum
      had significantly less advanced chronic gastritis, which was due to the lack of
      atrophic changes. Furthermore, the gastric body tended to show fewer alterations
      than that of the controls. The acid secretion capacity in the renal patients
      decreased with the increasing severity of atrophic changes in the body mucosa.
      However, definite hypoacidity was found in some of the renal patients with normal
      body mucosa. Thus, a true "state of hypoacidity" seems to occur in chronic
      uraemia.

PMID- 3886512
TI  - Beta-cell reserve capacity in chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - The degree of correlation between exocrine pancreatic function and endocrine
      secretory capacity was examined in 13 chronic pancreatitis patients with
      secondary diabetes mellitus, 8 chronic pancreatitis patients without diabetes,
      and 11 healthy subjects. The two parameters were studied under maximal
      stimulation (volume-corrected secretin-pancreozym test and glucose-tolbutamide
      glucagon provocation, respectively). A close, linear correlation was found
      between all endocrine variables and pancreatic acinar function (e.g. rs = 0.77
      for chymotrypsin output and C-peptide release; p less than 0.0001). The
      correlation was less strong with pancreatic bicarbonate output (e.g. rs = 0.49
      for C-peptide release; p less than 0.05). In our patients, secondary overt
      diabetes occurred in chronic pancreatitis when protease outputs were, on an
      average, reduced to about 10% of the mean maximal protease output of normal
      subjects.

PMID- 3886513
TI  - Lectin binding properties of human follicular center lymphocytes and follicular
      (nodular) lymphomas.
AB  - The distribution of lectin binding receptors in normal human lymphoid tissue and
      follicular (nodular) lymphoma was studied in tissue sections using a panel of
      lectin-peroxidase and lectin-fluorescein conjugates: Concanavalin A (Con A),
      Peanut agglutinin (PNA), Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin (LTA), Soybean
      agglutinin, Ulex europeus and Bandeiraea simplicifolia. Two lectins studied, PNA
      and LTA were found to bind selectively to the cell membranes of follicular centre
      lymphocytes in normal lymphoid tissue, and to the neoplastic cells of follicular
      (nodular) lymphomas. Con A, in contrast, bound selectively to follicular centre
      macrophages (tingible body cells) and identified in follicular (nodular)
      lymphomas a population of dendritic-like cells not otherwise recognized and
      possibly corresponding to dendritic cells identified ultrastructurally.
      Follicular (nodular) lymphomas share the lectin binding properties of non
      neoplastic follicular centres. The expression of receptors for lectins with blood
      group activity (PNA T-like, LTA H-like) on follicular lymphocytes may play a role
      in follicle formation.

PMID- 3886514
TI  - The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of early stage large cell
      lymphoma.
AB  - Nineteen patients with localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma large cell type
      classified by the international formulation in group D (5) and group G (14) were
      treated with extended field radiation therapy. These patients have been followed
      for 168 months with range from 12 to 168 months from initiation of treatment. In
      G category of the formulation, the overall survival is 83 per cent at 5 and 10
      years and recurrence-free survival is 75 per cent at 10 years. Sixteen of the
      patients were stage I and three were stage II. Two patients died without evidence
      of recurrence. Four patients recurred and two of these died of disease. Thirteen
      of the 19 patients are alive and recurrence free. Bulk of disease had no apparent
      influence on the response to irradiation. We believe that the early pathological
      stage large cell lymphoma of the G and D type international formulation are
      appropriate candidates for radical radiation therapy and benefit from this
      approach to treatment.

PMID- 3886515
TI  - Removal of tumour cells from bone marrow: an evaluation of the available
      techniques.
AB  - Autologous bone marrow transplantation has offered a way of increasing the dose
      of drugs and radiotherapy which can be used to treat patients with malignant
      disease in an attempt to eradicate tumour. Bone marrow is taken prior to
      treatment and returned to the patient to 'rescue' haemopoietic function after
      ablative therapy is completed. Bone marrow removed for autograft may be
      contaminated with tumour cells at the time of harvest, and it is undesirable to
      return these to patients even though there are little data available concerning
      the number of tumour cells necessary to reseed various malignancies. This review
      considers the various methods available for removing tumour cells from bone
      marrow destined for autologous transplantation, and evaluates their advantages
      and disadvantages.

PMID- 3886516
TI  - Endocrine cells in the female genital tract.
AB  - Endocrine cells are normal inhabitants of the para-urethral, Bartholin's and
      endocervical glands and of mesonephric rests. All these cells were characterized
      as serotonin-storing cells. In the para-urethral and Bartholin's glands,
      serotonin-containing cells were most often found in the transitional epithelium
      of excretory ducts. Endocrine cells participated in some pathological conditions.
      Abundant argentaffin cells were observed among the terminal ductules in chronic
      bartholinitis and serotonin-storing cells were identified in a peculiar
      ectocervical epithelium. Numerous serotonin-storing cells were detected in a well
      differentiated adenocarcinoma of cervix occurring in a patient with the Peutz
      Jeghers syndrome. Argyrophilic cells were present in cases of endometrial
      carcinomas; a striking feature was the demonstration of gut peptide hormones in
      an unusual type of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Finally, serotonin-storing cells
      were a constituent of Brenner tumours. It is suggested that a similar endocrine
      pattern may be shared by tissues originating from both Mullerian ducts and the
      urogenital sinus.

PMID- 3886517
TI  - Critical care under PPS.

PMID- 3886518
TI  - Medicare, tax dilemmas scrutinized at CBO. Interview by Michael Lesparre.

PMID- 3886519
TI  - Human biology and epidemiology of childhood bone cancers: a review.

PMID- 3886520
TI  - 18th century British military stature: growth cessation, selective recruiting,
      secular trends, nutrition at birth, cold and occupation.

PMID- 3886521
TI  - Collagen types in fibrosarcoma: absence of type III collagen in reticulin.

PMID- 3886522
TI  - Involucrin in intraepithelial and invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the
      cervix: an immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Immunohistochemical staining for involucrin, a cytoplasmic protein synthesized
      during squamous maturation, was assessed in histologic sections from hysterectomy
      and cone biopsy specimens from patients with cervical neoplasia. In normal and
      condylomatous squamous epithelium, diffuse cytoplasmic staining was seen in the
      suprabasal layers, with no staining of the basal cells. Staining was absent in
      two cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), grade III, in which the
      lesions were composed entirely of undifferentiated cells and markedly decreased
      in cases involving large numbers of basal cells. In 19 of 23 cases (83 per cent)
      of CIN, however, focal staining for involucrin was seen in large differentiated
      cells in the more superficial layers, and in two cases of keratinized CIN diffuse
      suprabasal staining was observed. Similarly, strong staining for involucrin was
      present in differentiated areas in one case of microinvasive squamous cell
      carcinoma and in 93 per cent of cases of infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma.
      These findings suggest that involucrin is a marker for maturation in cervical
      squamous epithelial neoplasms. Patterns of immunohistochemical staining for
      involucrin in keratinized dysplasia and differentiated squamous carcinomas should
      be taken into consideration if loss of involucrin staining is used as a criterion
      for neoplastic transformation of cervical epithelium, as has been proposed.

PMID- 3886523
TI  - Prognostic subgroups for undifferentiated neuroblastoma: immunohistochemical
      study with anti-S-100 protein antibody.
AB  - Pathologic prognostic factors in 36 undifferentiated neuroblastomas were studied
      by an immunohistochemical staining technique with anti-S-100 protein antibody.
      Nuclear abnormalities of neuroblastic cells (mitosis and karyorrhexis/5,000 cells
      [MKI]), the incidence of S-100 protein-positive cells in the supportive stroma,
      and the age of the patients at diagnosis were analyzed both individually and in
      combination. Based on the evaluation of these factors, two prognostic subgroups
      were identified for these tumors. Tumors for which the prognosis was good (all
      nine patients alive) occurred in younger patients (younger than 1.5 years),
      showed low (less than 100) or intermediate (100 to 200) MKI, and had positive to
      intensely positive staining for S-100 protein. Cases in which the prognosis was
      poor (7 per cent survival) had single or multiple factors of high (greater than
      200) MKI and/or absent or weak staining for S-100 protein and/or older age (older
      than 1.5 years) at diagnosis. These results were compared with other clinical
      information.

PMID- 3886524
TI  - Tamm-Horsfall protein: unusual, large perinephric deposits.
AB  - A case in which unusually large deposits of Tamm-Horsfall protein were identified
      in perinephric adipose tissue is presented. The deposition around the kidney in
      this case was most likely due to calyceal rupture, secondary to distal ureteric
      obstruction. The peculiar gross and microscopic appearance of these deposits,
      their intense staining with the periodic acid--Schiff technique, and their
      association microscopically with epithelial fragments raised the possibility of
      infiltration by mucin-producing adenocarcinoma. The localization of Tamm-Horsfall
      protein in the deposits by the immunoperoxidase technique helped to confirm their
      true nature.

PMID- 3886525
TI  - Relevance of epidemiology to policies for the prevention of cancer.

PMID- 3886527
TI  - Answer justification in diagnostic expert systems--Part I: Abductive inference
      and its justification.

PMID- 3886526
TI  - Optimal design of multioutput sampling schedules--software and applications to
      endocrine-metabolic and pharmacokinetic models.

PMID- 3886528
TI  - Answer justification in diagnostic expert systems--Part II: Supporting plausible
      justifications.

PMID- 3886529
TI  - Mathematical analysis of cardiovascular function.

PMID- 3886530
TI  - A mouse ear reaction for assessment of human lymphocyte immunocompetence.
AB  - A mouse ear reaction for testing cell mediated immunity of human lymphocytes
      using the local graft-versus-host reaction assay is described. Five million human
      mononuclears were locally injected into the ears of immune suppressed NZW mice.
      The reaction mounted was quantitated by determining the 125I-Iodo-Deoxyuridine
      (125I-UdR) incorporation in both ears. The ratio of 125I-UdR incorporation, of
      the injected to that of the non-injected ear (GVHR index), 7 days after
      lymphocyte injection, served as an accurate measure for the extent of the
      reaction. Only normal human mononuclears and purified, separated normal human T
      lymphocytes mounted a local graft-versus-host reaction. Whereas normal human B
      lymphocytes, chronic lymphatic leukemia B lymphocytes, mononuclears from patients
      with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, irradiated normal human
      mononuclears, mouse syngeneic mononuclears, or human erythrocytes gave no
      positive reaction. These experiments demonstrate that this assay can be used to
      quantitate an in-vivo specific graft-versus-host reaction.

PMID- 3886531
TI  - Ability of rosetting or non-rosetting individual control and inflammatory
      macrophages to kill Escherichia coli X43 intracellularly.
AB  - An autoradiographic method combined with a rosette technique was used to assess
      the bactericidal activity of individual control and inflammatory peritoneal
      macrophages (PM phi) in the presence or absence of expression of Fc receptor for
      IgG (FcR). There was a lack of FcR reactivity in a certain percentage of both
      categories of PM phi exposed to E. coli X43, a bacterium which is readily
      phagocytosed in the presence of specific antibody. Both rosetting and non
      rosetting PM phi were capable of phagocytosing E. coli X43, but inflammatory PM
      phi showed a marked reduction in their capacity to ingest these bacteria compared
      with control PM phi. Once ingested the E. coli X43 were killed equally well by
      non-rosetting and rosetting control and inflammatory PM phi.

PMID- 3886532
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: cell-mediated immunity evaluated by antigen-induced
      leukocyte adherence inhibition assay.
AB  - Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from schistosomiasis patients fail to adhere to
      glass in the presence of soluble egg antigens (SEA) or soluble worm adult
      antigenic preparation (SWAP). These leukocytes are non-reactive with S. mansoni
      unrelated antigens (C. albicans and bovine albumin). Supernatants obtained from
      cultures of mononuclear cells of patients with antigens were able to inhibit
      granulocyte adherence to glass. The inhibition of antigen-induced adherence (LAI
      assay) was not observed when PBL or supernatants were obtained from normal
      subjects or from schistosomiasis patients after chemotherapy. These results show
      that under the conditions tested, leukocytes appear to react directly with SEA or
      SWAP thus losing their property of adherence to glass.

PMID- 3886533
TI  - A comparison of methods for enumerating lymphocyte classes.
AB  - We have evaluated a novel kit method for enumerating B and T lymphocytes using
      antibody-coupled beads. The technique proved to be an unsuitable alternative to
      sheep red blood cell rosettes and immunofluorescence. However, the principle is
      potentially valuable and we suggest certain modifications which would make the
      method more suitable for routine use.

PMID- 3886534
TI  - Leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) for detecting specific tumor immunity in
      colorectal cancer.
AB  - Immunity to colorectal cancer antigen was tested by the tube leukocyte adherence
      inhibition (LAI) assay, using spent medium of human carcinoma cell lines as a
      source of antigen. The assay was positive in 18 out of 43 patients (41%) with
      colorectal tumor in comparison to only 2 out of 34 (5.8%) of colorectal cancer
      patients clinically free of disease, and to 4 out of 150 (2.6%) healthy subjects.
      The frequency of positive results correlated negatively with the tumor burden, 16
      out of 29 (55.1%) patients with Dukes' A, B and C being positive compared to only
      2 out of 14 (14.2%) patients with Dukes' stage D disease. Addition of PGE2
      enhanced the sensitivity of the assay without affecting its specificity. The
      number of positive assays increased from 18 to 32 (41.8% to 74.4%) in the whole
      group of 43 colorectal cancer patients without altering significantly the
      frequency of positive results in the control group. The results with all groups
      of patients were influenced similarly by the addition of prostaglandins, the
      frequency of positive assays increasing from 55.1% to 82.7% and from 14.1% to
      57.1% in early and advanced disease, respectively. These results lend further
      support to the value of the LAI assay in diagnosis and monitoring of the immune
      response in human colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3886535
TI  - An enzyme immunoassay for the screening of monoclonal antibodies to cyclosporin.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed which allows
      hybridoma cell cultures to be tested for the presence of monoclonal antibodies
      specific for cyclosporin A. Immunization of mice with free cyclosporin was found
      to be preferable to immunization with cyclosporin-carrier conjugates. It is hoped
      that the availability of monoclonal antibodies to cyclosporin will clarify the
      contribution of cyclosporin metabolites to immunosuppression and nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 3886536
TI  - In memoriam. Berenice Kindred 1928-1985.

PMID- 3886537
TI  - Wilson's disease and copper metabolism--a review.

PMID- 3886538
TI  - Transplantation of isolated hepatocytes.

PMID- 3886539
TI  - Cellular reactivity to streptococcal extracellular antigens in cases of acute
      post streptococcal glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3886540
TI  - Haemagglutinins & enterotoxins in Escherichia coli strains from human urinary
      tract infections.

PMID- 3886541
TI  - Biochemical & immunochemical analysis of liver specific protein.

PMID- 3886542
TI  - [Inhibitory and immunological profile of therapeutic serum protein solutions].
AB  - Biseko is prepared from pooled human plasma by specific stepwise adsorption of
      the coagulation factors avoiding spontaneous coagulation. Biseko is manufactured
      from pooled plasma from more than 1000 donors. In order to ensure its hepatitis
      safety, the starting plasma is cold sterilized by beta-propiolactone and UV
      irradiation. The inhibitory and immunological profile of the cold sterilized
      Biseko was compared with another commercial serum preserve and normal serum.
      alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin and antithrombin III are present in
      Biseko and normal serum in their biologically active forms. A certain amount of
      the opsonin, fibronectin, is heparin-precipitable in normal serum and has thus
      retained its native character, while the fibronectin in the commercial serum
      preserve examined is not heparin-precipitable. Biseko contains fibronectin only
      in trace amounts. The IgG, IgA and IgM immunoglobulin concentrations and
      activities in the serum preserves are equivalent to those in normal serum. One
      major difference between normal serum and the cold sterilized Biseko is that
      metabolites from the coagulation pathways are absent in Biseko. Normal serum is
      not suitable for therapeutic purposes because of activated enzymes formed during
      coagulation. The chemical analysis of the protein pattern in Biseko resembles
      more fresh frozen plasma without coagulation factors than normal serum.

PMID- 3886543
TI  - Immunochemistry of the Streptococcus mutans BHT cell membrane: detection of
      determinants cross-reactive with human heart tissue.
AB  - Cell membranes of Streptococcus mutans BHT serotype b were prepared after glass
      bead disruption or mutanolysin digestion of whole cells. Immunoblot analyses of
      BHT membrane extracts revealed major polypeptides of 42,000, 46,000, 62,000, and
      82,000 daltons, as well as several minor bands, to be reactive with rabbit anti
      human heart immunoglobulins. Heart cross-reactive antigens have been reported in
      the cell walls and culture fluids of several S. mutans serotypes. This represents
      the first report of cell membrane-localized heart cross-reactive antigens in this
      oral pathogen. Positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot
      reactions were also obtained with heart tissue antigen and anti-BHT sera,
      indicating mutual cross-reactivity. The major cross-reactive component detected
      by immunoblotting of human heart extracts was a 69,000-dalton polypeptide.

PMID- 3886544
TI  - Effects of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis on peritoneal host defenses.
AB  - Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis are common copathogens in clinical
      intra-abdominal sepsis, yet it is unclear how they interact synergistically in
      vivo. We sought to determine whether E. coli and B. fragilis, in combination but
      not alone, could exert a detrimental effect on the peritoneal host defenses of
      translymphatic absorption and bacterial phagocytosis. Our data indicated that
      nonviable E. coli (O18ab:K56/K7:- and O111:B4), Klebsiella pneumoniae, B.
      fragilis, and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron were handled in a similar fashion by
      both host defenses of the peritoneal cavity. The use of 2 X 10(8) nonviable
      radiolabeled E. coli as a tracer and either 2 X 10(9) B. fragilis or 2 X 10(9) E.
      coli (either viable or nonviable) as a competing agent to inhibit host defenses
      demonstrated that although clearance and phagocytosis could be inhibited, the
      inhibition occurred to a similar degree with either E. coli or B. fragilis. Thus,
      B. fragilis did not compete to any greater extent than E. coli did for peritoneal
      clearance or opsonization and phagocytosis in vivo. These data indicate that
      bacterial synergy probably does not occur on the basis of reduced peritoneal
      clearance or by a reduction in the opsonization and phagocytosis of either
      organism by the copathogen. These results provide indirect support for the
      hypothesis that in bacterial synergy, one organism directly stimulates the growth
      of the other, perhaps by providing a growth factor.

PMID- 3886545
TI  - Comparison of the capacity of two lipid A precursor molecules to express the
      local Shwartzman phenomenon.
AB  - It has been shown recently that a Salmonella lipid A precursor molecule (Ia) and
      its synthetic counterpart are inactive in expressing the local Shwartzman
      reaction in both homologous and heterologous systems in combination with lipid A.
      Precursor Ia contains a bisphosphoryl-beta-1,6-glucosamine disaccharide
      substituted by 4 mol of (D)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl residues. Escherichia coli
      lipid A, on the other hand, which contains two additional non-hydroxylated acyl
      residues in the form of two 3-acyloxyacyl units, is highly active. We have
      recently isolated a lipid A precursor molecule (Ib) with the same basic structure
      as precursor Ia, which contains, however, one additional non-hydroxylated
      (hexadecanoic) fatty acid forming one 3-acyloxyacyl residue. A comparison of
      precursor Ia and Ib in homologous and cross-reacting Shwartzman systems confirmed
      that precursor Ia completely lacked the capacity to prepare the skin for, or to
      elicit, the Shwartzman reaction. In contrast, precursor Ib was strongly active in
      inducing the local Shwartzman reaction both when administered intradermally as a
      preparatory agent and when administered intravenously as a provocatory agent. The
      results indicate that the additional presence of at least one fatty acid either
      as such or as an acyloxyacyl residue (as in precursor Ib) is a prerequisite for
      the ability of the molecule to induce the local Shwartzman phenomenon.

PMID- 3886546
TI  - Succinic acid, a metabolic by-product of Bacteroides species, inhibits
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte function.
AB  - Anaerobes, in particular Bacteroides spp., are the predominant bacteria present
      in mixed intra-abdominal infections, yet their critical importance in the
      pathogenicity of these infections is not clearly defined. Succinic acid, a major
      fatty acid by-product of Bacteroides metabolism, was tested for its effect on
      neutrophil function to determine whether it might play a role in enhancing the
      virulence of Bacteroides-containing infections. At pH 5.5 but not pH 7.0,
      succinic acid at concentrations commonly found in clinical abscesses profoundly
      inhibits in vitro neutrophil function. It virtually obliterates phagocytic
      killing of Escherichia coli and reduces neutrophil random migration and
      chemotactic response to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and C5a. These
      effects occur in conjunction with a reduced chemiluminescent peak and delayed
      time to the peak. The effect on neutrophils is only partially reversible by
      multiple washings. These findings suggest that succinic acid may be an important
      Bacteroides virulence factor when present in the microenvironment of a mixed
      intra-abdominal infection in which concentrations are high and the pH of the
      medium is reduced.

PMID- 3886547
TI  - Uptake and deacylation of bacterial lipopolysaccharides by macrophages from
      normal and endotoxin-hyporesponsive mice.
AB  - Macrophages are thought to play a central role in the responses of animals to
      gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Since nothing is known about
      the metabolism of LPS by these cells, we studied the uptake and deacylation of
      radiolabeled LPS by thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from normal
      (C3H/HeN) and LPS-hyporesponsive (C3H/HeJ) mice. Macrophages from both kinds of
      mice took up and deacylated LPS that were added to the culture medium.
      Opsonization of the LPS with anti-LPS immunoglobulin G antibodies greatly
      increased LPS uptake; the opsonized LPS also underwent deacylation at rates that
      were directly related to the amount of cell-associated LPS. An analysis of the
      fatty acid composition of the cell-associated LPS indicated that the cells have
      one or more acyloxyacyl hydrolases that remove the non-hydroxylated fatty acids
      that are normally substituted to the hydroxyl groups of (glucosamine-linked) 3
      hydroxytetradecanoate residues in lipid A; we also found evidence for deacylation
      of 3-hydroxytetradecanoate from the glucosamine backbone. LPS deacylation by
      macrophages from C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice was qualitatively and quantitatively
      similar. Nonopsonized LPS are able to stimulate LPS-responsive cells; in these
      studies we established that animal cells can deacylate nonopsonized LPS, thus
      raising the possibility that LPS metabolism may play a role in modulating
      cellular stimulation.

PMID- 3886548
TI  - Effect of subgingival scaling on systemic antibody responses to oral
      microorganisms.
AB  - The effects of scaling and root planing treatment on systemic antibody responses
      were studied in patients with periodontal disease and in normal subjects.
      Immunoglobulin G antibody in serum to a battery of oral microorganisms was
      assessed in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after treatment in 31
      individuals. The majority (96%) of the diseased patients exhibited elevated
      antibody to one or more of the microorganisms before the scaling regime.
      Significant increases in antibody levels in serum were noted in 16 of 19 patients
      after scaling, whereas only 2 of 12 nonscaled subjects showed similar changes
      during monitoring intervals of up to 3 years. The bacterial specificities of the
      increases were found to differ among the patients; however, a significant
      correlation to preexisting elevated antibody levels was observed. Peak levels of
      responses were noted at approximately 2 to 4 months posttreatment; antibody
      returned to pretreatment levels by 8 to 12 months. The predominant organisms for
      which changes were noted included the black-pigmented Bacteroides spp., Eikenella
      corrodens, Campylobacter concisus, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. In
      18 of 19 instances, the homologous microorganism was detected in the subgingival
      plaque when elevated antibody was present after treatment. These findings
      indicated that specific changes in host systemic responses accompany scaling and
      root planing treatment of periodontal disease patients. These alterations in the
      host response may provide an additional means by which successful therapy can be
      accomplished.

PMID- 3886549
TI  - Effect of doxycycline on immune response in mice.
AB  - The effect of doxycycline on immune response has been studied in mice, cell
      mediated immunity being evaluated with the split heart allograft technique.
      Survival duration of heart transplants in animals treated with 2.5 mg of
      doxycycline per kg per day from the day of transplantation until rejection was
      slightly but significantly longer than in untreated animals, 18.8 days (P less
      than 0.05) as compared with 14.5 days. In doxycycline-treated animals, both
      agglutinating and hemolytic antibody response to sheep erythrocytes was slightly
      but significantly decreased, though there was no inhibition of splenic production
      of antibodies to sheep erythrocytes (as measured by the number of plaques of
      hemolysis detected). The results show the immune response in mice to be only
      moderately inhibited by doxycycline. The relevance of experiments in mice is also
      discussed.

PMID- 3886550
TI  - Toxicity of group B Streptococcus agalactiae in adult rats.
AB  - Several strains of group B Streptococcus agalactiae were found to be lethal for
      young adult rats. When bacteria were heat killed and then injected
      intraperitoneally into rats, rapid death (14 to 18 h) of the rats occurred,
      characterized by labored breathing, hemolyzed serum, hemoglobinuria, and
      subungual hemorrhages. Sections of tissues from these rats failed to reveal the
      cause of death. Rats injected with toxic or nontoxic strains of group B S.
      agalactiae had reduced numbers of circulating leukocytes and low serum C3 levels
      in comparison with those in control rats. The toxic strains of group B S.
      agalactiae induced dramatic decreases in platelet numbers, and in plasma
      fibrinogen levels as well, suggesting that the toxicity was due to disruption of
      the coagulation system. Rapid death in the absence of infection suggests that
      group B S. agalactiae may have a cell-associated toxin that induces these
      changes. Such a toxin may be a contributory factor in the high mortality rate
      associated with group B streptococcal infections of the human neonate.

PMID- 3886551
TI  - Augmentation of interleukin-2 production and delayed hypersensitivity in mice
      infected with Mycobacterium bovis and fed a diet supplemented with vitamin A
      acetate.
AB  - High-dose Mycobacterium bovis-infected mice fed a vitamin A acetate-supplemented
      diet developed a positive skin reaction to purified protein derivative of
      mycobacteria, and their spleen cells showed an increased IL-2 production in
      vitro.

PMID- 3886552
TI  - Primary psoas abscess three years after ipsilateral nephrectomy.
AB  - We report an unusual case of primary, right psoas abscess caused by Proteus
      mirabilis which developed three years after ipsilateral nephrectomy. The
      diagnosis was established by computer tomography, recommended today as superior
      to other diagnostic methods of demonstration for the retroperitoneum.

PMID- 3886554
TI  - Pathogenesis of Escherichia coli cystitis and pyelonephritis: apparent lack of
      significance of bacterial motility and chemotaxis towards human urine.
AB  - All 45 microscopically motile urinary isolates tested here (37 Escherichia coli,
      two Enterobacter cloacae, two Citrobacter freundii, three Proteus mirabilis and
      one Proteus morganii) were strongly attracted to fresh human urine in a capillary
      chemotaxis assay. This observation suggested that urine taxis of gram-negative
      bacteria promotes their invasion of the human lower urinary tract and their
      ascension to the kidney(s). However, the incidence of motile isolates and their
      activity in urine taxis assays were similar for fecal E. coli isolates, for
      isolates from patients with recurrent cystitis and from patients with presumed
      pyelonephritis (E. coli blood isolates with concomitant E. coli bacteriuria).
      Thus, the present study of E. coli did not support the hypothesis that bacterial
      motility is a virulence factor in urinary tract infection.

PMID- 3886553
TI  - Experimental Klebsiella septicemia in mice: treatment with specific antibodies
      from the rabbit alone and in combination with gentamicin.
AB  - Using a model of an experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae septicemia in mice, we
      examined the therapeutic effect of passively administered specific antibacterial
      antibodies from rabbits. Both specific IgM and IgG antibody proved to be
      therapeutically effective. However, the effect of IgG was markedly superior to
      that of IgM with regard both to the degree of protection and the time interval
      allowing efficient therapy after infection. The effect of IgG was due to a marked
      enhancement of in vivo phagocytosis, as demonstrated by monitoring bacterial
      numbers in the liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys. In mice immunocompromised with
      cyclophosphamide, treatment with IgG still exerted protection against low
      challenge inocula. When higher inocula were used, treatment with IgG ceased to
      influence the final mortality rates but delayed the course of the disease for
      several days by transient reduction of bacterial numbers in the parenchymal
      organs. In both normal and immunocompromised mice, concomitant treatment with
      gentamicin resulted in a marked synergistic enhancement of survival.

PMID- 3886555
TI  - Opsonic activity of the alternative complement pathway in infected human intra
      abdominal fluid.
AB  - The complement-mediated opsonic activity (CMOA) in intra-abdominal exudates
      collected during laparotomy from peritonitis patients was examined by an in vitro
      phagocytic bactericidal assay. It was found that infected intra-abdominal
      exudates barely promoted detectable killing of Escherichia coli 01 by
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Only the minority of bacteria recovered by
      differential centrifugation from the infected exudates had C3 on their surfaces.
      Such bacteria were not optimally opsonized in vivo, whereas they became fully
      coated with C3 during a brief incubation in vitro in normal human serum. The low
      level of CMOA in the peritoneal fluid paralleled a depletion of complement in the
      peripheral blood. Thus, in cases complicated by sepsis with gram-negative
      bacteria, the CMOA in the blood was extremely low. These data suggest that the
      high susceptibility of the peritoneum to infection by gut flora, despite the
      normal phagocytic response, may be partly explained by the low local level of
      functional complement which is inadequate for optimal opsonization of the
      bacteria.

PMID- 3886556
TI  - Behaviour of biological indicators of cadmium in relation to occupational
      exposure.
AB  - Cadmium in blood (CdB), cadmium in urine (CdU) and beta 2-microglobulins (beta
      2MU) were determined in 83 male workers exposed to cadmium fumes. CdU was
      measured both on 24-h urine samples and on spot samples. The behaviour of the
      biological indicators of cadmium was assessed in relation to degree of current
      exposure, length of exposure and cumulative exposure (computed as concentration
      of cadmium at the workplace multiplied by duration of exposure). CdB values were
      significantly higher in the subgroups of subjects with higher current cadmium
      exposure and in the subgroups of subjects with greater cumulative exposure, but
      the test levels were not influenced by duration of exposure. CdU levels were
      significantly higher in the subgroup of subjects with greater cumulative
      exposure, but were less influenced by current exposure or duration of exposure.
      Considering the entire population, a rather close correlation (r = 0.69) was
      observed between CdB and CdU. When the population was divided according to level
      of current exposure, a close relationship was observed between the two indicators
      in all subgroups; nevertheless, for identical CdU values, the CdB values were
      higher in the subjects with heavier current exposure. Even if in all Cd workers
      the beta 2MU levels were in the range of reference values, the highest beta 2MU
      levels were found in the subjects with CdU greater than 10 micrograms/l. The data
      confirm that CdU is prevalently influenced by the body burden of metal, but they
      also suggest that the CdB levels are not influenced solely by the intensity of
      current exposure but also depend to a considerable degree on the body burden.

PMID- 3886557
TI  - Mutagenicity of 4,4'-methylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline) "MOCA" and its N-acetyl
      derivatives in S. typhimurium.
AB  - 4,4'-methylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline) ("MOCA") and two identified urinary N-acetyl
      and N,N'-diacetyl derivatives were tested in a Salmonella/mammalian microsome
      assay. No mutagenic activity was observed without rat liver S9 mix activation. In
      the presence of rat liver S9 mix, the chemicals were mutagens, but the
      mutagenicity of N-acetyl derivatives to strain TA100 was reduced when compared to
      that of "MOCA", and a greater amount of S9 was required to exhibit the
      mutagenicity of the N,N'-diacetyl-"MOCA". These data suggest that N-acetylation
      does not account for the mutagenic effectiveness of "MOCA".

PMID- 3886558
TI  - Hyperoxaluria and hyperoxalemia: one more concern for the nephrologist.

PMID- 3886559
TI  - Update on erythropoietin.

PMID- 3886560
TI  - Distribution of laminin and collagen type-IV in benign and malignant lesions of
      melanocytic origin.
AB  - Using antisera for two specific basement membrane (b.m.) antigens such as laminin
      and collagen type-IV, together with electron microscopy, we have shown that fully
      antigenic b.m. and morphologically typical basal lamina (b.l.) are associated
      with normal and transformed cells of the melanocyte lineage in different ways.
      Thus, while b.m. and b.l. surround individual choroidal melanocytes, intradermal
      nevus cells and cells of blue nevi are not detectable at the periphery of resting
      and proliferating epidermal melanocytes. They have a low degree of expression
      with a heterogeneous pattern of distribution in primary and metastatic melanoma.
      This heterogeneity is present within single metastases and among autologous
      metastases. These findings indicate that the presence of b.m. can be an
      additional marker for cells of the melanocyte lineage and should be considered
      when applying serological means for the detection and control of neoplasms of
      melanocytic origin.

PMID- 3886561
TI  - Monoclonal antibody production to a B16 melanoma associated antigen.
AB  - Eight different rat hybridoma cell lines have been produced which secrete MAbs
      identifying the melanoma-specific B700 antigen. This antigen has been previously
      shown to have significant sequence homology to the mammalian serum albumins, but
      antibodies specifically raised against B700 cross-react only with murine albumin.
      Each of these MAbs has been shown by Western immunoblotting to recognize an
      independent epitope on the B700 protein; it is concluded not only that the B700
      protein is a highly immunogenic antigen, but also that the sequence homologies
      between the B700 antigen and murine albumin must occur extensively throughout the
      molecule.

PMID- 3886562
TI  - Infective endocarditis in adults in Glasgow, 1976-81.
AB  - Seventy-one cases of endocarditis in adults, defined on strict clinical criteria
      over a period of 5 years were studied. The demographic profile was similar to
      other published studies except that no bimodal peak in age distribution was
      detected. The major presenting features were infection, cardiac failure and
      embolism. Rheumatic valvular disease (44%) was the most common predisposing
      condition. Twenty percent of our patients developed endocarditis on an apparently
      normal valve and 28% presented with prosthetic valve infection. M-mode
      echocardiography was carried out in only 44% of cases and with a low rate of
      detection of vegetations. Streptococcus viridans was the most common causal
      organism. The mortality for the total series (45%) was considerably greater than
      that in other recent reports. Our study confirmed that failure to show early
      response to appropriate antimicrobial therapy was an indication to consider
      immediate valve replacement.

PMID- 3886563
TI  - A double-blind crossover clinical trial of labetalol and propranolol in patients
      of essential hypertension.
AB  - The efficacy and safety of labetalol was compared in a double-blind crossover
      design with propranolol in 27 patients suffering from essential hypertension with
      a supine diastolic blood pressure of more than 100 mm Hg. Twelve patients
      completed the trial. Both the drugs significantly reduced the blood pressure as
      compared to pretreatment values and the end-point, i.e. a supine diastolic blood
      pressure of 90 mm Hg or less, was achieved at the end of each treatment. However,
      the control of blood pressure appeared to be better sustained with labetalol. The
      side-effects, though minor in nature, were relatively more often observed with
      propranolol.

PMID- 3886564
TI  - Clinical evaluation of cefotiam and cefamandole in respiratory tract infections.
AB  - Eighty-two adult hospitalized patients suffering from respiratory tract
      infections were treated with cefotiam or cefamandole in an open comparative
      study. The patients were allocated randomly to one of the two treatments. The
      recommended dosage regimens (i.m. or i.v.) were used for both groups (cefotiam 1
      g b.i.d., cefamandole 1 g t.i.d.). The duration of treatment was 7 to 14 days
      according to the response of the disease condition. 80 patients were analyzed.
      The tolerability of both drugs was good and comparable. The clinical and
      bacteriological efficacy of both drugs was equivalent. The radiological
      examinations showed a better improvement of the patients treated with cefotiam.

PMID- 3886565
TI  - A combination of cefuroxime plus acetylcysteine in the intensive care of patients
      with respiratory insufficiency.
AB  - Thirty patients admitted to our Intensive Care Unit for respiratory insufficiency
      attributable to a variety of disease conditions were treated with a combination
      of cefuroxime plus acetylcysteine. Clinical and laboratory variables were
      evaluated, and bacteriological tests were performed on tracheal aspirate. At the
      end of treatment, 12 patients were judged to be recovered, 14 improved and 4
      unchanged. No side effects were observed.

PMID- 3886566
TI  - Effect of diltiazem hydrochloride in essential hypertension.
AB  - A number of studies have shown short term hemodynamic and symptomatic improvement
      in patients with essential hypertension under treatment with diltiazem. The long
      term efficacy of the oral calcium antagonist, diltiazem, remain to be established
      in patient studies. We evaluated this drug in 70 patients with WHO classification
      1-3 hypertension. Diltiazem was tested alone in 25 patients, in combination with
      diuretics in 14 patients and other drugs in 31 patients with essential
      hypertension. The fall in blood pressure after oral diltiazem was maximum with 24
      weeks and then the fall continued steadily with significant improvement as judged
      by subjective patients impression in each group. The efficacy ratio of diltiazem
      was 57.1% in remarkably effective cases, 22.9% in effective, 10% in moderately
      effective and 10% in not effective cases. And this efficacy ratio was most
      prominent in other drugs concomitant group, followed by the diltiazem monotherapy
      group and in the diuretic concomitant use group. We concluded the oral calcium
      antagonist, diltiazem, is effective in patients with essential hypertension,
      providing significant blood pressure and symptomatic benefit with long-term
      treatment.

PMID- 3886567
TI  - Linoleic acid treatment in inflammatory arthritis.
AB  - Ten patients with chronic rheumatic diseases were treated either with sunflower
      oil (linoleic acid 66%; n = 6) or with olive oil (linoleic acid 4%; n = 4) for 21
      days. Sunflower oil but not olive oil increased the serum concentrations of
      linoleic acid in all fractions studied. In cholesteryl esters, both arachidonic
      acid and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid concentrations were slightly diminished. The
      changes in all these fatty acids were already seen on the first days of
      treatment. Plasma arachidonic acid metabolites showed no uniform changes during
      the treatment. Excretions of the main metabolite of prostacyclin (6-keto-PGF1
      alpha) and thromboxane B2 into urine were slightly increased in most patients on
      sunflower oil. No marked improvement was seen in the clinical or conventional
      laboratory parameters in either treatment.

PMID- 3886568
TI  - Fixed ratio combination of propranolol and bendrofluazide in the treatment of
      hypertension.
AB  - The combination of beta adrenoceptor blocker, i.e. propranolol (80 mg) and a
      diuretic, i.e. bendrofluazide (2.5 mg) in a single capsule (Inderetic) produced
      an effective control of blood pressure in 12 out of 13 patients with mild and
      moderately severe hypertension in this single-blind study. Treatment for 12 weeks
      did not produce any changes in biochemical parameters and no change in ECG,
      except that a significant decrease in heart rate was observed. No serious side
      effects were observed.

PMID- 3886569
TI  - Udo Wilde and dermatology at the University of Michigan.

PMID- 3886570
TI  - The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

PMID- 3886571
TI  - Topically applied minoxidil in baldness.

PMID- 3886572
TI  - The Bowman-Birk inhibitor. Trypsin- and chymotrypsin-inhibitor from soybeans.
AB  - Four decades of studies on the isolation, characterization, properties,
      structure, function and possible uses of the Bowman-Birk trypsin- and
      chymotrypsin-inhibitor from soybeans are reviewed. Starting from Bowman's Acetone
      Insoluble factor, designated Ai, AA and SBTIAA, the Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI)
      was found to be a protein molecule consisting of a chain of 71 amino acids cross
      linked by 7 disulfide bonds, with a tendency to self-associate. BBI possesses two
      independent sites of inhibition, one at Lys 16-Ser 17 against trypsin and the
      other at Leu 43-Ser 44 against chymotrypsin. It forms a 1:1 complex with either
      trypsin or chymotrypsin and a ternary complex with both enzymes. Ingestion of BBI
      by rats, chicks or quails affects the size and protein biosynthesis of the
      pancreas. Establishment of the full covalent structure of BBI revealed a high
      homology in the sequences around the two inhibitory sites, suggesting
      evolutionary gene duplication from a single-headed ancestral inhibitor. Scission
      of BBI by CNBr followed by pepsin results in two active fragments, one that
      inhibits trypsin and the other, chymotrypsin. Replacements and substitutions in
      the reactive sites result in changes in inhibitory activity and in specificity of
      inhibition. Conformation studies, labeling of BBI with a photoreactive reagent,
      chemical synthesis of cyclic peptides that include inhibitory sites, in vitro
      synthesis of BBI, and species specificity regarding the inhibited enzymes are
      described. The significance of BBI as a prototype of a family of inhibitors
      present in all legume seeds is discussed.

PMID- 3886573
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of N epsilon-acyl derivatives of a
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating pheromone.
AB  - We report a general method for acylation of the N epsilon-amino group of the
      lysyl residue in peptides. The procedure involves acylation using p-nitrophenyl
      esters and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole in organic solvents to yield a series of fatty
      acyl mating pheromones of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The fatty acyl group does not
      influence coupling of peptide fragments. Biological activities of the synthesized
      alpha-factor mating pheromones derivatized with acetyl, butyryl, caprylyl and
      lauryl groups are nearly equivalent to the activity of unacylated alpha-factor.
      The N epsilon-stearyl-alpha-factor is biologically inactive. The procedures
      reported in this communication can be used to increase hydrophobicity of lysine
      containing peptides when the lysyl group is not essential for activity.

PMID- 3886574
TI  - Localized hyperthermia and radiation in cancer therapy.
AB  - Clinical researches in hyperthermia have recently expanded rapidly with the
      increase in our knowledge of the biological effects of heat on experimental
      systems. This article provides background information on the biological rationale
      and current status of technologies concerning thermometry and heating equipment
      for the application of hyperthermia to human cancer treatment. Much data has been
      accumulated recently in hyperthermia treatment with and without radiation to
      superficial tumours which are refractory to conventional treatments. In this
      paper the treatment results published recently have been surveyed. The complete
      responses of tumours treated by heat alone are in the range of 15 per cent as
      opposed to approximately 60 per cent for the combination of heat plus radiation.
      Clinical results so far published have demonstrated that local control is
      consistently better in the lesions treated with radiation plus heat than with
      radiation alone. The morbidity related to heat therapy is within tolerable
      limits. Several articles on the clinical results of deep-seated tumours treated
      by hyperthermia are reviewed. Problems to be solved in the application of heat to
      cancer therapy are discussed.

PMID- 3886576
TI  - The oxygen effect on transcription inhibition in yeast.
AB  - No oxygen effect is found if X-ray-induced inhibition of ribosomal RNA synthesis
      in yeast is assessed immediately after exposure. A 20-h liquid holding period,
      however, leads to a differential recovery in diploid cells which is markedly
      greater after irradiation in nitrogen. Haploid yeast exhibits a much smaller
      recovery and does not show any significant difference between exposures in air or
      nitrogen.

PMID- 3886575
TI  - The role of endogenous thiols in intrinsic radioprotection.
AB  - Observations are reviewed from experiments performed to study the role of
      endogenous thiols in the radiation response of cells using a glutathione
      deficient and a related glutathione-proficient cell strain. The effect of
      glutathione in the initial radical reactions was considered and the yield of
      single-strand DNA breaks was the end-point of the response. The rejoining of
      breaks and clonogenic survival were chosen as end-points when, in addition, the
      role of glutathione in the subsequent biochemical processes was studied. The
      results were interpreted to indicate that glutathione plays a role in both the
      radical and the biochemical reactions which follow irradiation. In the former
      case, it functions as a damage-restituting reactant, in general agreement with
      the 'competition model'. Some biochemical repair processes, in particular those
      concerned with the rejoining of breaks induced by radiation in the presence of
      oxygen or misonidazole, appear also to be critically dependent on glutathione.
      Due, probably, to its particular spatial distribution, endogenous glutathione is
      specific in the radical processes, and exogenous thiols cannot be substituted for
      it. No such specificity was indicated in the biochemical processes related to
      strand break rejoining.

PMID- 3886577
TI  - Microcirculatory changes in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon after
      treatment with buflomedil.
AB  - Eleven patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon were treated with Buflomedil (4
      dd 150 mg orally) for 3 months. Subjective changes were compared with capillary
      microscopy (red blood cell velocities) of nailfold capillaries, haemorheological
      parameters, thermography of hands and fingers, continuous wave Doppler
      investigations and measurements of blood pressure and heart rate. Eight out of 11
      patients reported subjective improvement of their complaints, which could be
      confirmed by significant increased red blood cell velocities and temperatures of
      hands and fingers. It is concluded that Buflomedil might be of therapeutic value
      in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon, but that a double blind study,
      evaluated by haemorheological and microcirculatory measurements, should be
      performed to draw conclusions regarding the efficacy of the drug.

PMID- 3886578
TI  - Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from the cold water of hospital ice machines:
      implications for origin and transmission of the organism.
AB  - Although the mode of transmission of L. pneumophila is as yet unclear, the hot
      water distribution system has been shown to be the reservoir for Legionella
      within the hospital environment. In this report we identify a previously
      unrecognized reservoir for L. pneumophila within the hospital environment, ie,
      the cold water dispensers of hospital ice machines. The cold water dispensers of
      14 ice machines were cultured monthly over a 1-year period. Positive cultures
      were obtained from 8 of 14 dispensers, yielding from 1 to 300 CFU/plate. We were
      able to link the positivity of these cold water sites to the incoming cold water
      supply by recovering L. pneumophila from the cold water storage tank, which is
      directly supplied by the incoming municipal water line. This was accomplished by
      a novel enrichment experiment designed to duplicate the conditions (temperature,
      sediment, stagnation, and continuous seeding) of the hot water system. Our data
      indicate that significant contamination of cold water outlets with L. pneumophila
      can occur. Although no epidemiologic link to disease was made, the fact that the
      primary source of a patient's drinking water is from the ice machines warrants
      further investigation of these water sources as possible reservoirs.

PMID- 3886579
TI  - A comparison of antibiotic susceptibility profiles using single and multiple
      isolates per patient.
AB  - We compared the antibiogram statistics generated by including all clinical
      isolates to those obtained by tabulating no more than one isolate of a particular
      organism from a given patient. We found that 48.3% of the isolates presented
      multiple occurrences in individual patients but found no practical differences in
      the profiles obtained by the two methods. We also tabulated the occurrence of
      minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)-distinct organisms among the sets of
      multiple isolates of E. coli and of S. aureus and found that only 20.9% of those
      isolates represented duplicate organisms by MIC profile. This heterogeneity of
      MIC sensitivity that occurs in multiple isolates from individual patients was not
      expected but provides an explanation for the lack of difference between the two
      methods of tabulating antibiotic susceptibility statistics.

PMID- 3886580
TI  - [Problems in stage diagnosis].

PMID- 3886581
TI  - [Stage diagnosis of coronary disease].

PMID- 3886582
TI  - [Stage diagnosis of hemorrhagic diatheses].

PMID- 3886583
TI  - [Stage diagnosis of kidney insufficiency].

PMID- 3886584
TI  - [Stage diagnosis "thyroid gland"--epidemiologic and methodological
      prerequisites].

PMID- 3886585
TI  - [19-year-old patient with fever, diffuse abdominal pain and diarrhea].

PMID- 3886586
TI  - [Left-sided hydronephrosis and status following left-sided pelvic vein thrombosis
      in a 38-year-old male].

PMID- 3886587
TI  - [Peripartum hypertensive crisis and multi-organ failure in a 24-year-old
      patient].

PMID- 3886588
TI  - The effectiveness of the anthracycline analog 4'-epidoxorubicin in the treatment
      of experimental tumors: a review.
AB  - The current report presents the data of the Division of Cancer Treatment of the
      National Cancer Institute (NCI) on the antitumor activity of the anthracycline
      antibiotic 4'-epidoxorubicin in experimental tumor systems. Direct comparisons
      are made with doxorubicin in individual experiments, and the data are related to
      those of earlier studies in the form of a review of experimental activity, in
      order to assess the relative activity of 4'-epidoxorubicin and doxorubicin. The
      experimental test models utilized by the NCI for these studies included the
      leukemias P388 and L1210, B-16 melanoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, the colon tumors
      26 and 38, and the mammary tumors CD8F1 and C3H16/C. The human tumors growing in
      xenograft in athymic mice included the models LX-1 lung tumor, CX-1 colon tumor,
      and MX-1 mammary tumor. Additional comparisons were made with the tumor models
      Gross leukemia, sarcoma 180, MSV-induced sarcoma, MS-2 tumor, and a variety of
      human tumors growing in athymic mice, as well as with in vivo toxicologic and in
      vitro cytotoxicity models. Although for 4'-epidoxorubicin there is only a minimal
      alteration of the configuration of the doxorubicin molecule, quantitative
      comparison of 4'-epidoxorubicin and doxorubicin revealed not only similarities
      but also differences in biological activity. Both drugs showed activity against a
      broad spectrum of experimental tumors, with 4'-epidoxorubicin more effective
      against some tumors and equally effective against others. 4'-Epidoxorubicin
      evidenced less toxicity than doxorubicin in both acute and chronic toxicity
      studies with retention of therapeutic effectiveness and showed reduced
      cardiotoxicity. With 4'-epidoxorubicin there resulted a higher therapeutic index
      and therapeutic ratio, permitting the use of higher dosage and a greater margin
      of safety. The preclinical differences in therapeutic and toxicologic
      manifestations of 4'-epidoxorubicin, reflecting apparent alterations in
      pharmacologic properties and mode of action in comparison with doxorubicin,
      support the broad spectrum clinical trials of this already-demonstrated
      clinically active drug.

PMID- 3886589
TI  - Computed tomographic evaluation of an experimental model for pyogenic liver
      abscesses.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) was used to evaluate 15 rabbits with experimentally
      induced liver abscesses. The animals were examined both before and after
      intravenous contrast injection. After sacrificing the animals, postfreeze CT
      scans were made to mark the abdomen for 1-cm thick whole body sections for
      correlating the gross pathology with the results of the CT scans. CT detected 15
      abscesses in 13 of the 14 rabbits with true positive lesions. Ten abscesses less
      than 1.4 cm in diameter were not detected by CT. Contrast agent enhancement was
      helpful in 70% of the studies. These abscesses have characteristics similar to
      human liver abscesses, but there was more gas and calcium in the experimentally
      induced abscesses than is encountered in humans with hepatic abscesses. The model
      and its CT characteristics appear well suited for future studies in the diagnosis
      and treatment of liver abscesses.

PMID- 3886590
TI  - Phantom testing of peripheral artery. Absolute blood flow measurement with
      digital arteriography.
AB  - A technique to measure absolute arterial blood flow in ml/min has been developed
      utilizing software programs with high-speed digital recording for the off-line
      analysis of intra-arterial injections of contrast medium. Measurements of
      pulsatile flow in a phantom for a physical flow model showed that calculations
      with the final upgrades were within 10% of known flow, using a recording rate of
      30 frames/s, a diameter tubing of 5 mm, and flow rates of 300 to 400 ml/min.
      Quantitative absolute flow of a peripheral artery such as the internal carotid
      artery may be obtained during routine cerebral arteriography for comparison with
      anatomic data.

PMID- 3886591
TI  - The evaluation of trials of medical therapy. A didactic guide to nonsense
      detection.

PMID- 3886592
TI  - The use of isozymes as probes to identify and label plant varieties and
      cultivars.

PMID- 3886593
TI  - The phosphoglycerate kinase isozyme system in mammals: biochemical, genetic,
      developmental, and evolutionary aspects.

PMID- 3886594
TI  - Arylsulfatase C and the steroid sulfatases.

PMID- 3886595
TI  - The lysosomal hexosaminidase isozymes.
AB  - In the 15 years since the demonstration that HEX A is the defective enzyme in
      patients with TSD, intensive efforts in many laboratories have revealed much
      about the HEX group of enzymes. In contradistinction to the two isozymes
      described by Robinson and Stirling [1968], we now know that there are several
      different species. They include the products of at least three genes which code
      for the alpha and beta polypeptides as well as for an enzyme that we have called
      HEX D. The different species of HEX found in human tissues and fluids include
      significant amounts of larger, unprocessed polypeptides as well as mature enzyme.
      Thus the HEX A of serum (HEX AS) is a more primitive form of the enzyme than that
      found in lysosomes. The role of biosynthesis in the formation of multiple species
      of HEX is not confined to the polypeptide chains of the enzyme. All lysosomal
      enzymes are glycosylated and HEX is not an exception. The carbohydrate side
      chains are essential to the packaging process that places HEX in the lysosome.
      Carbohydrates on lysosomal HEX species clearly differ from those on HEX in serum.
      Characterization of HEX oligosaccharides is still in the preliminary stages. Many
      minor species of HEX have been described. The more important ones are the
      intermediate isozymes (HEX Is). In tissues the HEX Is appear to contain mixtures
      of processed and unprocessed alpha and beta polypeptides. In serum, on the other
      hand, they contain unprocessed beta chains and differ in the carbohydrate side
      chains. Most species of HEX show microheterogeneity. Native, mature HEX B
      separates into several bands on isoelectric focusing. The nature of this
      microheterogeneity has not been defined. Clear differences have been described,
      however, between the two chains in the beta subunit. The chains are always united
      in non-random fashion and are probably derived by cleavage of a single gene
      product. Studies of hydrolytic activity have been interesting. Like other
      lysosomal enzymes, HEX A requires a specific protein activator for optimum
      activity. This small polypeptide has been partially characterized but its mode of
      action is as yet unclear. Defects in activator synthesis lead to a form of GM2
      ganglioside storage disease. Clinically many different phenotypes have been
      identified which appear to result from defects in each of the HEX genes. The
      differences between the defects have not been characterized in molecular
      terms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3886596
TI  - Genetic variation affecting the expression of enzyme-coding genes in Drosophila:
      an evolutionary perspective.

PMID- 3886597
TI  - Allelic isozymes and the mechanistic study of evolution.

PMID- 3886598
TI  - Synthesis of PAF-acether and blood volume changes in gram-negative sepsis.
AB  - Gram-negative sepsis was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of
      Escherichia coli. The development of bacterial peritonitis and septicemia was
      monitored by counting the number of peritoneal cells and by performing cultures
      of blood samples. Mortality reached a 50% rate when rats were injected with 2 X
      10(8) colony-forming units. Rats injected with the doses of bacteria which
      induced mortality showed a time- and dose-dependent increase of vascular
      permeability as judged by the presence of abundant peritoneal exudate and by the
      depletion of the circulating volume. In order to know whether the generation of
      PAF-acether could be involved in the development of the permeability changes, the
      formation of this mediator was measured in the peritoneal cells and spleen of
      animals at different times and in response to different doses of E. coli.
      Significant amounts of PAF-acether could be obtained preceding the development of
      blood volume depletion in response to the injection of doses of E. coli which
      induced both mortality and the development of permeability. These data suggest
      that PAF-acether might be one of the inflammatory mediators involved in the
      pathogenesis of the hemodynamic changes observed in endotoxemia.

PMID- 3886599
TI  - Clomipramine and metoprolol in migraine prophylaxis--a double-blind crossover
      study.

PMID- 3886600
TI  - Migraine and the noradrenergic control of vasomotricity: a study with alpha-2
      stimulant and alpha-2 blocker drugs.

PMID- 3886601
TI  - Implications of hospital cost control for administrators.
AB  - By examining a group of hospitals in California, one can see the effects of cost
      control legislation on hospital administrators. Problems can be studied and
      decisions analyzed for their appropriateness, both to the California hospitals
      and to hospitals in general.

PMID- 3886602
TI  - Competitive bidding: the challenge for health care managers.
AB  - The survival and growth of existing health care organizations will depend largely
      on their ability to adapt to the various cost containment efforts of private and
      public purchasers of medical care.

PMID- 3886603
TI  - The occurrence of radioactivity in public water supplies in the United States.
AB  - Examination of the collected data for radionuclide concentration measurements in
      public water supplies in the United States show more than 51,000 measurements for
      gross alpha-particle activity and/or Ra, 89,900 measurements for U, and 9,000
      measurements for Rn. These measurements were made as part of national and state
      surveys of radionuclide concentrations in utility water supplies for Ra and Rn;
      and the National Uranium Resource Evolution (NURE) survey for U which included
      non-utility water supplies. Surface water has low values for Ra and Rn but levels
      comparable to ground water for U. Separate isotope measurements were not taken
      for much of the Ra and U data. Because 226Ra to 228Ra ratios and 238U to 234U
      ratios are not fixed in water, further measurements are needed to establish the
      specific isotopic concentrations by region. Analysis of the state average values
      in geological provinces shows the highest provincial areas for Ra are the Upper
      Coastal Plain, the glaciated Central Platform, and the Colorado plateau. For U,
      the highest areas are the Colorado plateau, the West Central Platform, and the
      Rocky Mountains. For Rn, the highest provinces are New England and the
      Appalachian Highlands-Piedmont. Regional hydrogeological and geochemical models
      are suggested for guiding the formulation of regional standards and monitoring
      strategies. Utility supplies serving small populations have the highest
      concentration for each radionuclide and have the lowest fraction of samples
      measured, which shows a need for further measurements of these small population
      water supplies. Risk estimates for the average concentration of Ra in utility
      ground water give about 941 fatal cancers per 70.7-yr lifetime in the United
      States. Risk estimates for the average concentration of U in utility surface and
      ground water give about 105 fatal cancers per 70.7-yr lifetime in the United
      States. Using 1 pCi/liter in air for 10,000 pCi/l in water, the Rn in utility
      water risk estimate is for 4,400-22,000 fatal cancers per 70.7-yr lifetime in the
      United States.

PMID- 3886604
TI  - Hospital bed utilization: an implemented simulation approach to adjusting and
      maintaining appropriate levels.
AB  - A simulation model was constructed to permit detailed assessment of bed
      allocation and usage rules, thereby easing considerably the process of improving
      and maintaining appropriate utilization levels. The model, written in Simscript
      II.5, follows patient processing from preadmission through discharge, uniquely
      identifying patients, beds, diagnosis-related service areas, and so on,
      permitting reliable evaluation of bed usage performance. It was applied at The
      Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City. Using the model, several bed allocation
      plans were developed, one being adopted as the best-case reallocation. Also
      studied was the impact of severely restricting off-service patient placements.
      Additionally, the work resulted in a new service being established, a realignment
      of elective admissions reservations, and the incorporation of an additional
      measure of performance. The article discusses bed utilization problems in general
      and, in particular, the simulation model, the performance measures used, the
      experiments undertaken, the results achieved, the then-current and best-case
      allocation plans, and some directions for future work.

PMID- 3886605
TI  - Repair of sequelae from artificial fiber hair implants with hair-bearing punch
      grafting.
AB  - Several thousand persons had artificial hairs of fiber implanted in their scalps
      5 years ago with disastrous results. These persons may still require late repair
      to remove retained fiber fragments from the skin. The hair-bearing punch graft is
      a useful method of repair in some patients.

PMID- 3886606
TI  - Detection of gonadotrophic hormones on isolated thecal interstitial cells of the
      domestic hen, Gallus domesticus, by an immunohistochemical method.
AB  - An immunohistochemical method was used to demonstrate the presence of
      gonadotrophins in isolated ovarian interstitial cells. The cells were obtained by
      collagenase digestion of large ovarian follicles after removal of the yolk and
      the granulosa layer. Using a peroxidase-labelled anti-rabbit serum with anti
      chicken follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) serum raised in rabbits, a strong
      positive reaction was obtained. Anti-human FSH serum also produced a positive
      result but the reaction was weaker. There was no apparent difference in the
      staining reaction of cells which had been preincubated with ovine FSH serum.
      Treatment with anti-ovine luteinizing hormone (LH) resulted in a faintly positive
      reaction. The viability of the cells was tested by the Trypan Blue method and
      they were identified as steroid-producing cells by the histochemical
      demonstration of their 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity.

PMID- 3886607
TI  - Training in therapeutic radiology in the United States, 1984.
AB  - The 1984 survey of training programs in Therapeutic Radiology in the United
      States revealed little change in the number of training programs and the number
      of residency positions offered. However, there has been a striking increase in
      the number of residents in training since the survey of 1982. The numbers of
      residents training in the PG-II and PG-III years are more than 50% greater than
      any previous survey. The proportion of foreign medical graduates is smaller than
      reported in 1982, but the proportion of women in residency is unchanged.

PMID- 3886608
TI  - Protocol variations and their influence on the final outcome: critical review of
      the split-course base of tongue study of the RTOG.
AB  - A critical review of the protocol variations in an RTOG prospective randomized
      multi-institutional clinical trial has been conducted. The objective of the
      review was to identify variables that might have affected the results of the
      study. Compliance with general guidelines and specific technical treatment
      parameters of the Split-Course Radiation Therapy Protocol for Carcinoma of the
      Base of the Tongue (RTOG #71-02) was analyzed. A +/- 5% variation of the time
      dose-fractionation factors, using the NSD and TDF formulae and their respective
      protocol ratios (ratio between actual case NSD and TDF level and what the
      protocol recommended), has been defined as fully acceptable. Seventy-two percent
      of the 141 study cases were within this category. Minor variation has been
      defined as one resulting in a +/- 6% to +/- 15% deviation from the study values
      (15.3% of cases). Major and unacceptable variation was a deviation of +/- 16% or
      more from the research plan (12.7% of cases). After identifying the different
      variations and correlating them with the clinical results, we conclude that these
      deviations did not affect the final results to a significant or identifiable
      degree.

PMID- 3886609
TI  - Lung damage following bone marrow transplantation: I. The contribution of
      irradiation.
AB  - High dose whole body irradiation is commonly included in conditioning regimens
      for bone marrow transplantation for treatment of patients with hematological
      malignancies. Interstitial pneumonitis is a major complication after BMT. About
      one-fourth of all BMT patients die from IP. In about half of these cases, an
      infectious agent, particularly cytomegalovirus, is involved. When no infectious
      cause is found, it is classified as idiopathic IP (IIP). Total body irradiation
      is often associated with the induction of IIP; however, extrapolation of animal
      data from the experiments presented indicates that this is not the only factor
      contributing to IIP in man. Brown Norway (BN/Bi) rats were bilaterally irradiated
      to the lungs with 300 kV X rays at a high dose rate (HDR; 0.8 Gy/min) and at a
      low dose rate (LDR; 0.05 Gy/min). The dose-response curves found were very steep.
      In the LDR group, lung function studies were performed. There was a strong
      correlation between the increase in ventilation rate and the death pattern. The
      LD50 at 180 days was 13.3 Gy for HDR and 22.7 Gy for LDR. The ratios of LD50/180
      at 0.05 Gy/min to that at 0.8 Gy/min is 1.7, which indicates a great repair
      capacity of the lungs. Extrapolation of animal data to patient data leads to an
      estimated dose of about 15-16 Gy at a 50% radiation pneumonitis induction for low
      dose rate TBI. As the absorbed dose in the lungs of BMT patients rarely exceeds
      10 Gy, additional factors such as remission-induction chemotherapy,
      cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, cyclosporin A, graft-versus-host disease, etc.,
      might be involved in the high incidence of IIP in man after BMT.

PMID- 3886610
TI  - Temperature measurements in high thermal gradients: I. The effects of conduction.
AB  - Two temperature probes (a fluoroptic sensor and a metallic thermistor), which are
      both suitable for stereotaxic implantation, were used in comparative thermometry
      studies during interstitial microwave heating of the brain in vivo. Thermal
      distributions having large temperature gradients (5-10 degrees C/cm) were
      routinely observed. The temperature differentials (delta T) between the 2 probes
      were position dependent within the thermal field. The maximum difference in
      temperatures measured, using the 2 probes along identical tracks without a
      catheter, ranged between 0.5 degree C and 1.8 degree C. Near the brain/air
      surface, the thermistor measured lower temperatures than the optical probe;
      however, medial to the antenna, the thermistor temperatures were higher than the
      optic sensor. The measured temperature discrepancies are the result of smearing
      due to thermal conduction along the axial length of the metallic thermistor
      probe. These effects are significantly accentuated when the temperature probes
      are tracked in catheters. Experiments performed in a nonperfused phantom, heated
      with the interstitial microwave antenna, demonstrated similar conductive effects.
      Studies in a nonelectromagnetic environment (flow cell-thermal step gradient)
      additionally confirmed that thermal conductive artifacts were the major source of
      temperature error.

PMID- 3886611
TI  - The advisability of the prudent diet in adolescence.
AB  - Risk factor status for cardiovascular disease is affected by life style.
      Adolescence is a time during which long term life-style habits, including dietary
      habits, are established. Physicians who treat adolescent patients have a
      responsibility to be aware of the scientific evidence on the diet-heart question
      so that they can provide their patients with sound dietary advice. The American
      Heart Association has recommended that Americans consume a "prudent diet" in
      which daily consumption of cholesterol is no more than 300 mg with up to 30-35%
      of calories derived from fat, and less than 10% of calories derived from
      saturated fat and less than 10% from polyunsaturated fat. This paper reviews this
      recommendation with particular reference to studies of adolescents. This review
      centers around four main issues: 1) the estimated effect on serum cholesterol
      levels of a switch from the usual American diet to the prudent diet; 2) the
      effect of a predicted decrease in serum cholesterol on the risk of developing
      cardiovascular disease; 3) evaluation of the evidence of possible adverse effects
      of the prudent diet; 4) feasibility of the prudent diet. Based on a review of
      these four issues, the authors feel that the American Heart Association's prudent
      diet should be strongly recommended for all healthy adolescents.

PMID- 3886612
TI  - When organs match and health beliefs don't. Bioethical challenges.
AB  - This paper addresses the problems that psychologically unprepared individuals may
      experience when the socioethnic aspects of their health belief systems are not
      addressed in the decision-making process for renal transplantation. Case studies
      of two Hispanic adolescents are presented. A cognitive behavioral therapeutic
      approach that specifically concentrates on changing health beliefs related to
      organ transplant is recommended to help maximize the probability of a successful
      transplant. Past assumptions by psychosocial transplant teams that make self
      esteem the primary basis on which to predict transplant or therapeutic outcome
      are challenged. The exchange of scientific cognition modifying strategies to
      address health beliefs that are deleterious to biologic and psychologic survival
      are recommended as a critical part of biomedical engineering practice for the
      next decade.

PMID- 3886613
TI  - Double-blind flea hyposensitization trial in cats.
AB  - In a double-blind clinical trial, flea antigen was injected subcutaneously or
      intradermally in cats with signs of fleabite allergic dermatitis. No significant
      clinical improvement was noted by the investigator or the owner in either antigen
      treated or control groups over a 20-week period.

PMID- 3886614
TI  - Unusual nasal foreign body in a dog.
AB  - A metallic hunting arrowhead was found in the nasal sinuses of a dog with chronic
      nasal discharge. The arrowhead was removed via rhinotomy. Nasal discharge ceased
      after the foreign body's removal.

PMID- 3886615
TI  - Penetrating keratoplasty combined with flexible anterior chamber lens
      implantation.
AB  - We present an initial report on flexible anterior chamber lens implantation in 14
      aphakic or pseudophakic bullous keratopathy patients undergoing penetrating
      keratoplasty. With a minimum follow-up of 12 months, the improvement in visual
      acuity and graft clarity is encouraging.

PMID- 3886617
TI  - Sources of variation and prospects for improvement of productive efficiency in
      the dairy cow: a review.
AB  - In this review, "productive efficiency" in dairy cows is defined as the yield of
      milk obtained in ratio to the nutritional costs associated with maintenance, milk
      synthesis and loss of body condition during lactation. Improvements in efficiency
      could occur as a result of changes in digestion and nutrient absorption,
      maintenance requirement, utilization of metabolizable energy for production or
      nutrient partitioning. Digestibility can be greatly enhanced by appropriate
      dietary manipulation. Likewise, it may be possible to reduce maintenance
      requirements and improve the efficiency with which metabolizable energy is used
      for milk synthesis by manipulation of the pattern of nutrients presented to
      tissues. However, these factors apparently do not respond to selection for
      increased milk yield, and little variation is observed among cows. In contrast,
      individual cows differ substantially in feed intake and in the partitioning of
      nutrients among body tissues. Techniques associated with genetic engineering and
      the early prediction of genetic merit have the potential to improve productive
      efficiency by manipulation of these processes. However, changes in nutrient
      partitioning and feed intake during lactation are coordinated by a complex
      network of controls that accommodate the nutrient requirements of each tissue
      while maintaining homeostatic balance. Future improvements in productive
      efficiency will therefore depend on our ability to understand the manner in which
      these controls operate.

PMID- 3886616
TI  - Response to acute hCG stimulation and steroidogenic potential of Leydig cell
      fibroblastic precursors in humans.
AB  - The process of early testosterone (T) secretion and Leydig cell differentiation
      in humans was studied to explore the steroidogenic capacity of Leydig cell
      fibroblastic precursors. Seven cryptorchid boys received hCG prior to
      orchidopexy. Patients CP, PB, and MR received one injection of 1000 IU; patients
      JR and GG, three daily injections of 1000 IU, and patients MP and MM, five daily
      injections of 1000 IU. A testicular biopsy was obtained at the time of operation,
      24 hours after the last injection. Serum T (ng/dl) before and after hCG
      stimulation and testicular T (ng/g) were determined by RIA. A control prepubertal
      testis (tumoral orchidectomy) was incubated in vitro and showed a time-dependent
      accumulation of T both in the medium and the testicular tissue. Testosterone
      released into the medium at 1, 2, and 4 hours was 0.76, 1.43, and 4.03 ng/ml,
      respectively. Tissue T at 0, 1, 2, and 4 hours was 9, 11, 16, and 24 ng/g,
      respectively. This indicates synthesis and secretion of T into the medium.
      Control testes showed abundant fibroblastic precursors with scanty cytoplasm, few
      organelles, heterochromatic nuclei, and minute nucleoli. No Leydig cells were
      present. After 1 day of hCG stimulation, numerous fibroblasts were activated,
      displaying enlarged cytoplasms with increased numbers of organelles, nuclei rich
      in euchromatin, and bigger nucleoli. No Leydig cells were present. Basal serum
      testosterone was 58.2 +/- 45.3 ng/dl and 87.3 +/- 42.0 after hCG administration,
      while testicular T was 974.0 +/- 686.0 ng/g (control prepubertal testicular T is
      10-50 ng/g). After 3 days of hCG, activated fibroblasts increased and immature
      Leydig cells appeared. Basal serum T was 35.5 +/- 7.8 ng/dl and 394.0 +/- 24.0
      after hCG stimulation, while testicular T rose to 2797.5 +/- 1222.6 ng/g. After 5
      days, mature Leydig cells appeared for the first time. Serum T was 58 +/- 59.3
      ng/dl (basal) and 641.5 +/- 390 ng/dl (after hCG); testicular T was 789 ng/g
      (patient MM did not have a value for testicular T). HCG induced numerous coated
      pits and endocytic vesicles in activated fibroblasts and young Leydig cells,
      suggesting receptor aggregation and internalization of hormone-receptor
      complexes. Peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) localization of T was positive in
      peritubular fibroblasts and Leydig cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3886618
TI  - Effect of exogenous glucagon and free fatty acids on gluconeogenesis in fasting
      neonatal pigs.
AB  - Thirty-two pigs (1 d old) were used to determine if exogenous glucagon and(or)
      free fatty acids (FFA oleic acid) would enhance gluconeogenesis and glucose
      homeostasis during fasting. Pigs were acquired at birth, fitted with an
      indwelling arterial cannula (via umbilicus) and fasted 24 h to deplete liver
      glycogen. A jugular cannula was inserted nonsurgically 8 to 10 h before
      initiation of a primed-continuous infusion consisting of control (excipient),
      glucagon (Glu), oleic acid (FFA), or both glucagon and oleic acid (Glu-FFA).
      Plasma Glu averaged 395 pg/ml preinfusion and was similar across treatments. The
      concentration increased fivefold (P less than .05) by 80 min for Glu and Glu-FFA
      pigs and remained constant thereafter (160 min: 2,379, 2,258 pg/ml; 240 min:
      2,355, 2,274 pg/ml, respectively). Glucagon infusion did not alter plasma glucose
      after 240 min of infusion (control, 50 vs Glu, 51 mg/dl); however, Glu-FFA
      effected an increase (60 mg/dl, P less than .10). In contrast, pigs infused with
      FFA alone had a lower glucose concentration (40 mg/dl, P less than .10). Rate of
      glucose synthesis was determined using liver slices, acquired immediately
      postinfusion, with alanine and lactate as substrate (7.5 mM). The rate of
      synthesis was not altered by Glu or Glu-FFA infusion (2.91, 2.43 mumol glucose X
      g-1 X h-1 vs 2.91 for control). In contrast, exogenous FFA reduced synthesis to
      1.85 mumol glucose X g-1 X h-1 (P less than .05) with lactate as substrate. It
      appears that Glu is not the primary factor limiting gluconeogenesis in fasting
      newborn pigs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3886619
TI  - Protective effect of casein toward Salmonella typhimurium in acid-milk.
AB  - Lactic acid is the inhibitory agent in yoghurt responsible for the inhibition of
      Salmonella typhimurium. Casein, however, may exert a protective effect toward the
      survival of the salmonella in acid-milk products. Salmonella typhimurium was
      found to die-off 21.2% more rapidly in 18-h yoghurt-whey than in 18-h yoghurt at
      37 degrees C with a pH of 3.85 and 1.42% lactic acid. When casein was added to
      yoghurt-whey, the die-off rate of the salmonellas was reduced to that found in
      yoghurt. The rate remained unchanged when 4.8% sodium caseinate was added to the
      whey. When 0 to 14% casein was added to the acid-whey the die-off rate changed
      from 9.7 to 24.0 min/log reduction of cells, respectively. There was a direct
      correlation between the increase in casein concentration and length of survival
      of the salmonellas. At a pH of 3.85, 4.2 or 4.5, the die-off rate was 6.5, 13.0
      or 40 min/log reduction of cells in milk containing 1.42% lactic acid, and was
      4.0, 10.0 or 33.3 min/log reduction, respectively, in whey with 1.42% lactic
      acid. Thus, the protective effect of casein toward Salm. typhimurium increased as
      the pH increased. This indicated that casein exerts a protective effect on Salm.
      typhimurium in acid dairy products and the degree of protection depends on the
      casein concentration, the form of the casein molecule and the pH.

PMID- 3886620
TI  - A micro-chamber for continuous microscopic monitoring of anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - A recently developed apparatus is described that allows continuous microscopic
      monitoring of bacteria grown in anaerobic conditions. Four species of Bacteroides
      were tested using this equipment and normal and reproducible growth rates were
      obtained in all cases.

PMID- 3886621
TI  - Laryngeal resistance immediately after panting in control and constricted
      airways.
AB  - Laryngeal resistance (Rla) in the postpanting interval (PPRla) was examined in
      five normal subjects in the control state and with methacholine- and histamine
      induced bronchoconstriction. Respiratory resistance (Rrs) was measured by the
      forced oscillation technique at 10 Hz, and Rla was measured by the low-frequency
      sound method (Sekizawa, K., C. Shindoh, W. Hida, S. Suzuki, et al. J. Appl.
      Physiol. 55:591-597, 1983). Inspiratory Rrs (IRrs) was lower than expiratory Rrs
      (ERrs), and Rrs immediately after panting (PPRrs) was not significantly different
      from IRrs in the three airway conditions. Rla increased with bronchoconstriction
      and inspiratory Rla (IRla) was lower than expiratory Rla (ERla). PPRla was lower
      than IRla (P less than 0.01) by an amount corresponding to the decrease in Rrs in
      the control airway. However, in constricted airways, PPRla was higher than IRla
      and about the same as ERla. We suggest that the panting maneuver is suitable for
      minimizing the effect of laryngeal artifact in the control airway, but in the
      constricted airway the panting maneuver may fail to cause widening of the
      laryngeal orifice.

PMID- 3886622
TI  - Effect of hematocrit reduction on hormonal and metabolic responses to exercise.
AB  - We wished to determine the effect of a 25% hematocrit reduction on
      glucoregulatory hormone release and glucose fluxes during exercise. In five
      anemic dogs, plasma glucose fell by 21 mg/dl and in five controls by 7 mg/dl by
      the end of the 90-min exercise period. After 50 min of exercise, hepatic glucose
      production (Ra) and glucose metabolic clearance rate (MCR) began to rise
      disproportionately in anemics compared with controls. By the end of exercise, the
      increase in Ra was almost threefold higher (delta 15.1 +/- 3.4 vs. delta 5.2 +/-
      1.3 mg X kg-1 X min-1) and MCR nearly fourfold (delta 24.6 +/- 8.8 vs. delta 6.5
      +/- 1.3 ml X kg-1 X min-1). Exercise with anemia, in relation to controls
      resulted in elevated levels of glucagon [immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) delta
      1,283 +/- 507 vs delta 514 +/- 99 pg/ml], norepinephrine (delta 1,592 +/- 280 vs.
      delta 590 +/- 155 pg/ml), epinephrine (delta 2,293 +/- 994 vs. delta 385 +/- 186
      pg/ml), cortisol (delta 6.7 +/- 2.2 vs. delta 2.1 +/- 1.0 micrograms/dl) and
      lactate (delta 12.1 +/- 2.2 vs. delta 4.2 +/- 1.8 mg/dl) after 90 min.
      Immunoreactive insulin and free fatty acids were similar in both groups. In
      conclusion, exercise with a 25% hematocrit reduction results in 1) elevated
      lactate, norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol, and IRG levels, 2) an increased
      Ra which is likely related to the increased counterregulatory response, and 3) we
      speculate that a near fourfold increase in MCR is related to metabolic changes
      due to hypoxia in working muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3886623
TI  - The importance of analytical chemistry to food and drug regulation.

PMID- 3886624
TI  - Gas chromatographic determination of ethylene dibromide in flour products.
AB  - A method based on gas chromatography with electron capture detection was
      developed for the determination of ethylene dibromide (EDB) extracted from flour
      products. The procedure relies on the organic extraction of flour/water mixtures
      and uses an internal standard, 1-bromo-3-chloropropane. Recoveries of EDB at 10
      and 100 ppb were 80.1 +/- 2.8% (SD) and 84.4 +/- 4.3%, respectively; recovery of
      the internal standard at the working concentration 500 ppb was 98.3 +/- 6.7%.
      Calibration curves were linear over the range 5-400 ppb, with a mean overall
      coefficient of variation of less than 5%. The reliability of the procedure was
      assessed by using gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. Results are
      shown for determination of EDB in locally milled flour products.

PMID- 3886625
TI  - Biosynthesis of enterobacterial common antigen.
AB  - Cultures of Salmonella typhimurium pulse-labeled with N-acetyl-D-[3H]glucosamine
      ([3H]GlcNAc) incorporated isotope into a GlcNAc-linked lipid that was tentatively
      identified as GlcNAc-pyrophosphorylundecaprenol. The incorporation of [3H]GlcNAc
      into this compound was abolished when cells were pulse-labeled in the presence of
      the antibiotic tunicamycin. Tunicamycin also abolished the in vivo synthesis of
      the haptenic form of enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) in S. typhimurium as
      determined by the passive hemagglutination test. These data indicated that the
      synthesis of the GlcNAc-linked lipid is related to ECA synthesis. Support for
      this conclusion was provided by the following observations. Cultures of
      Escherichia coli and S. typhimurium incorporated [3H]GlcNAc into cell envelope
      components that migrated as a homologous series of polymers when analyzed by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The [3H]GlcNAc-labeled
      polymers were not detected in mutants of E. coli and S. typhimurium defective in
      ECA synthesis due to lesions in either the rfe or rff gene clusters. These
      polymers were identified as ECA based on Western blot analyses employing anti-ECA
      monoclonal antibody. The incorporation of [3H]GlcNAc into ECA polymers was
      abolished by tunicamycin when the drug was added to cultures to give a minimum
      concentration of 3 micrograms/ml. In addition, pulse-chase experiments provided
      evidence for a precursor-product relationship between the GlcNAc-linked lipid and
      ECA. These results strongly suggest that the GlcNAc-linked lipid is involved in
      the biosynthesis of ECA in a manner analogous to the role of carrier lipid in the
      biosynthesis of O-antigen and peptidoglycan.

PMID- 3886626
TI  - Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
      thermostable direct hemolysin and thermolabile hemolysin genes.
AB  - Two hemolysin genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus WP1, a thermostable direct (TSD)
      hemolysin gene and a thermolabile hemolysin gene, were cloned into the pBR322
      vector in Escherichia coli K-12 C600. A large amount of the TSD hemolysin
      produced in E. coli K-12 accumulated in the periplasmic space. The TSD hemolysin
      gene was localized on a 0.9-kilobase HindIII-BamHI fragment by identifying
      qualitatively the production of the TSD hemolysin by a reverse passive
      hemagglutination assay in the osmotic shock fluid. The thermolabile hemolysin
      gene was isolated on a 1.3-kilobase HindIII-PstI fragment by selection with the
      hemolysin on blood agar. Southern blot hybridization and colony hybridization
      experiments indicated that the TSD hemolysin gene was present in the chromosomal
      DNA of 15 Kanagawa phenomenon-positive strains but not in 14 negative strains,
      whereas the thermolabile hemolysin gene was detected in all strains. No
      homologous DNA sequences to TSD and thermolabile hemolysin genes were detected in
      the chromosomes of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio vulnificus, non-O1 V. cholerae, and
      Vibrio anguillarum.

PMID- 3886627
TI  - Chloramphenicol-erythromycin resistance mutations in a 23S rRNA gene of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Two chloramphenicol resistance mutations were isolated in an Escherichia coli
      rRNA operon (rrnH) located on a multicopy plasmid. Both mutations also confer
      resistance to 14-atom lactone ring macrolide antibiotics, but they do not confer
      resistance to 16-atom lactone ring macrolide antibiotics or other inhibitors of
      the large ribosomal subunit. Classic genetic and recombinant DNA methods were
      used to map the two mutations to 154-base-pair regions of the 23S RNA genes. DNA
      sequencing of these regions revealed that chloramphenicol-erythromycin resistance
      results from a guanine-to-adenine transition at position 2057 of the 23S RNA
      genes of both independently isolated mutants. These mutations affect a region of
      23S RNA strongly implicated in peptidyl transfer and known to interact with a
      variety of peptidyl transferase inhibitors.

PMID- 3886628
TI  - Genetic mapping of nth, a gene affecting endonuclease III (thymine glycol-DNA
      glycosylase) in Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - The nth gene of Escherichia coli affects the production of endonuclease III, a
      glycosylase-endonuclease that attacks DNA damaged by oxidizing agents or by
      ionizing radiation. An nth insertion mutant and a deletion mutant were studied.
      nth is located between add and tyrS on the linkage map of E. coli K-12 and was
      97% linked to tyrS in a transduction with phage P1.

PMID- 3886629
TI  - Irreversible binding to the receptor of bacteriophages T5 and BF23 does not occur
      with the tip of the tail.
AB  - Treatment of purified tails of bacteriophage T5 with 0.05% sodium dodecyl sulfate
      specifically removed pb2, a protein of 108,000 molecular weight (108K), from the
      tail. Although these tails were devoid of the single straight tail fiber, they
      still inhibited adsorption of T5 to Escherichia coli cells. Reconstitution of
      these tails with pb2 increased the efficiency of inhibition of T5 adsorption.
      Treatment of tails with 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate removed, in addition to pb2,
      a protein of 67K from phage T5 and one of 60K from phage BF23. These tails failed
      to inhibit phage adsorption, and no reconstitution was achieved. Reconstitution
      of T5 tails with pb2 from BF23, and of BF23 tails with pb2 from T5, did not alter
      the host receptor specificity of the tails. Binding of untreated T5 tails to
      small FhuA receptor particles revealed that binding occurred with the conical
      part of the tail and that pb2 was most likely released from the tail upon
      binding. From these results and from recent observations with T5-BF23 hybrid
      phages (K.J. Heller, Virology 139:11-21, 1984), we conclude that the receptor
      binding proteins of T5 and BF23 are the 67K and 60K proteins, respectively, and
      that they are not located at the tip of the tail but rather at or near the site
      where the straight tail fiber is attached to the conical part of the tail.

PMID- 3886630
TI  - Genetic mapping of katG, a locus that affects synthesis of the bifunctional
      catalase-peroxidase hydroperoxidase I in Escherichia coli.
AB  - A locus unlinked to either katE or katF that affected catalase levels in
      Escherichia coli was identified and localized between metB and ppc at 89.2 min on
      the genome. The locus was named katG. Mutations in katG which prevented the
      formation of both isoenzyme forms of the bifunctional catalase-peroxidase HPI
      were created both by nitrosoguanidine and by transposon Tn10 insertions. All
      katG+ recombinants and transductants contained both HPI isoenzymes. Despite the
      common feature of little or no catalase activity in four of the catalase
      deficient strains, subtle differences in the phenotypes of each strain resulted
      from the different katG mutations. All three mutants caused by nitrosoguanidine
      produced a protein with little or no catalase activity but with the same subunit
      molecular weight and with similar antigenic properties to HPI, implying the
      presence of missense mutations rather than nonsense mutations in each strain.
      Indeed one mutant produced an HPI-like protein that retained peroxidase activity,
      whereas the HPI-like protein in a second mutant exhibited no catalase or
      peroxidase activity. The third mutant responded to ascorbate induction with the
      synthesis of near normal catalase levels, suggesting a regulatory defect. The
      Tn10 insertion mutant produced no catalase and no protein that was antigenically
      similar to HPI.

PMID- 3886631
TI  - High-molecular-weight components in lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella
      typhimurium, Salmonella minnesota, and Escherichia coli.
AB  - Lipopolysaccharide from smooth strains of Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella
      minnesota, and Escherichia coli O111:B4, O55:B5, and O127:B8 was fractionated by
      gel filtration chromatography. All lipopolysaccharide samples separated into
      three major populations. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of the fractions from S. typhimurium and S. minnesota indicated
      that the three peaks were made up of molecules with average O-antigen lengths of
      (i) 70 or more repeat units, (ii) 30 and 20 repeats units in the samples from S.
      typhimurium and S. minnesota, respectively, and (iii) 1 repeat unit. In contrast
      to the Salmonella samples, peak 1 from the E. coli samples was not detected on
      polyacrylamide gels and lacked detectable phosphate. This high-molecular-weight
      material had a sugar composition similar to that of O-antigen and was tentatively
      identified as capsular polysaccharide. Peaks 2 and 3 of the E. coli samples were
      analogous to those of the Salmonella isolates, containing lipopolysaccharide
      molecules with averages of 18 and 1 O-antigen repeat units, respectively. These
      lipopolysaccharide molecules did not completely dissociate during
      electrophoresis, and multimers were detected as distinct, anomalous, slow
      migrating bands. Increasing the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate in the
      gels resulted in the dissociation of these multimers.

PMID- 3886632
TI  - Formation of septum-like structures at locations remote from the budding sites in
      cytokinesis-defective mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Cell wall structures that partition membrane-bound portions of cytoplasm were
      formed at sites along the peripheral wall when a cytokinesis-defective cell
      division cycle mutant (cdc3) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was grown at a
      restrictive temperature. The appearance of these structures, as observed in
      electron micrographs, was similar to that of normal septa. Aberrant septa were
      also detected in cytokinesis mutants harboring mutations cdc10, cdc11, and cdc12,
      after growth at 37 degrees C. Formation of the abnormal septa was abolished by
      the introduction, in a cdc3-containing strain, of additional cell cycle mutations
      that precluded events leading to cytokinesis and cell division. These results
      showed that septum formation can occur in the absence of cytokinesis. Formation
      of the abnormal structures was controlled by the same sequences of cell cycle
      events as formation of normal septa but was not subject to the spatial controls
      that ensure association of the septum with the budding site.

PMID- 3886633
TI  - Buffering capacity of bacilli that grow at different pH ranges.
AB  - Cytoplasmic buffering capacities and buffering by whole cells were examined in
      six bacterial species: Bacillus acidocaldarius, Bacillus stearothermophilus,
      Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus alcalophilus, and Bacillus firmus
      RAB. Acid-base titrations were conducted on whole cells and cells permeabilized
      with Triton X-100 or n-butanol. In all of the species examined, the buffering
      capacity of intact cells was generally a significant proportion of the total
      buffering capacity, but the magnitude of the buffering capacity varied from
      species to species. Over the entire range of pH values from 4 to 9.5, B. subtilis
      exhibited a cytoplasmic buffering capacity that was much higher than that of B.
      stearothermophilus, B. acidocaldarius, or E. coli. The latter three species had
      comparable cytoplasmic buffering capacities at pH 4 to 9.5, as long as optimal
      conditions for cell permeabilization were employed. All of the nonalkalophiles
      exhibited a decrease in cytoplasmic buffering capacity as the external pH
      increased from pH 5 to 7. At alkaline pH values, the two thermophiles in the
      study had particularly low cytoplasmic buffering capacities, and the two
      alkalophilic bacteria had appreciably higher cytoplasmic buffering capacities
      than any of the other species studied. Cytoplasmic buffering capacities as high
      as 1,100 nmol of H+ per pH unit per mg of protein were observed in alkalophilic
      B. firmus RAB. Since previous studies have shown that immediate cytoplasmic
      alkalinization occurs upon loss of the active mechanisms for pH homeostasis in
      the alkalophiles, the very high buffering capacities apparently offer no global
      protection of internal pH. Perhaps, the high buffering capacities reflect
      protective mechanisms for specific macromolecules or process rather than part of
      the mechanisms for bulk pH homeostasis.

PMID- 3886634
TI  - Some mercurial resistance plasmids from different incompatibility groups specify
      merR regulatory functions that both repress and induce the mer operon of plasmid
      R100.
AB  - Transcription of the mer genes of plasmid R100 is regulated by the product of the
      merR gene. The merR gene negatively regulates its own expression and also
      controls the transcription of the merTCA operon both negatively (in the absence
      of inducer) and positively (in the presence of inducer). We used transcriptional
      mer-lac fusions of R100-1 in complementation tests to measure the ability of the
      merR products of different mercury-resistant transposons and plasmids to
      functionally interact with R100-1. Plasmids from incompatibility groups C, B, S,
      L, and P, as well as the Pseudomonas transposons Tn501 and Tn3401, regulated the
      expression of the R100 mer genes in a similar fashion to the R100-1 merR product
      itself, suggesting that these elements are closely related. Only plasmid R391
      (IncJ) did not complement.

PMID- 3886635
TI  - Dielectrophoretic behavior of yeast cells: effect of growth sources and cell wall
      and a comparison with fungal spores.
AB  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed different dielectrophoretic behavior depending on
      the source of carbon for growth. Growth on fermentable carbon sources produced a
      dielectrophoretic response that decreased according to the amount of sugar
      present in the culture medium. Growth on nonfermentable carbon sources produced a
      constant dielectrophoretic yield, independent of the amount and source of carbon
      present in the medium. The dielectrophoretic yield, however, was independent of
      the nitrogen source. The yield spectrum for S. cerevisiae protoplasts was similar
      to that for the cells, although a decrease in the absolute value was observed.
      This decrease could be explained by the reduction in cell size and by assuming
      that the cell wall contributes a negative net charge to the yield. Fungal spores
      responded to the nonuniform electric field in the same range of frequencies as
      assayed for yeast cells.

PMID- 3886636
TI  - Separate regulation of purA and purB loci of Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - We isolated a strain of Escherichia coli K-12 in which the lac structural genes
      are fused to the purB control region and used this strain to study the regulation
      of the purA and purB loci. The purA locus was derepressed in response to either
      limiting adenine or guanine growth conditions in the presence of excess guanine
      or adenine, respectively. The presence of hypoxanthine in the culture medium did
      not have any effect on the expression of the purA locus. The purB locus responded
      to limiting adenine growth conditions in the presence of either excess
      hypoxanthine or guanine alone but not when both hypoxanthine and guanine were
      present.

PMID- 3886637
TI  - Novel dnaG mutation in a dnaP mutant of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Reexamination of the dnaP18 mutant strain of Escherichia coli revealed that the
      mutation responsible for the arrest of DNA replication and cell growth at high
      temperatures resides in the dnaG gene rather than in the dnaP locus as previously
      thought; this mutation has been designated dnaG2903.

PMID- 3886638
TI  - Isolation and nucleotide sequence analysis of tRNAAlaGGC from Escherichia coli K
      12.
AB  - An alanine tRNA with the anticodon 5'-GGC-3' has been identified in Escherichia
      coli K-12. It is the first sequenced alanine tRNA with G in the 5' position of
      the anticodon. tRNAAlaGGC has A in the "semi-invariant" position 32. At the
      "invariant" position 8 we observed both U and another, unknown, nucleoside.

PMID- 3886639
TI  - Inducible xylitol dehydrogenases in enteric bacteria.
AB  - Morganella morganii ATCC 25829, Providencia stuartii ATCC 25827, Serratia
      marcescens ATCC 13880, and Erwinia sp. strain 4D2P were found to induce a xylitol
      dehydrogenase when grown on a xylitol-containing medium. The xylitol
      dehydrogenases were partially purified from the four strains, and those from M.
      morganii ATCC 25829, P. stuartii ATCC 25827, and S. marcescens ATCC 13880 were
      all found to oxidize xylitol to D-xylulose. These three enzymes had KmS for
      xylitol of 7.1 to 16.4 mM and molecular weights ranging from 130,000 to 155,000.
      In contrast, the xylitol dehydrogenase from Erwinia sp. strain 4D2P oxidized
      xylitol at the C-4 position to produce L-xylulose, had a Km for xylitol of 72 mM,
      and had a molecular weight of 102,000.

PMID- 3886640
TI  - Denitrification by Alcaligenes eutrophus is plasmid dependent.
AB  - Curing of the hydrogenase-specifying megaplasmid pHG indigenous to strains of the
      facultative lithoautotrophic bacterium Alcaligenes eutrophus was correlated with
      a loss of denitrifying ability (Nitd). The retransfer of plasmid pHG1
      reconstituted the Nitd phenotype. Plasmid-free mutants were still capable of
      converting some nitrate to nitrite, but they did not metabolize nitrite under
      anaerobic conditions.

PMID- 3886641
TI  - Proteinase yscD. Purification and characterization of a new yeast peptidase.
AB  - A newly recognized peptidase, designated proteinase yscD, was purified from the
      yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The enzyme cleaves the Pro-Phe bond of the
      synthetic peptide substrate Bz-Pro-Phe-Arg-4-nitroanilide and the Ala-Ala bond of
      Ac-Ala-Ala-Pro-Ala-4-nitroanilide, Ac-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-4-nitroanilide, and MeO-Suc
      Ala-Ala-Pro-Met-4-nitroanilide with high efficiency (Bz-, Ac-, and MeO-Suc are
      defined as benzoyl, acetyl, and methoxy-succinyl, respectively). [3H]Methylcasein
      does not serve as a substrate. Optimum pH for cleavage of Bz-Pro-Phe-Arg-4
      nitroanilide is in the range of 6.5 to 7; for Ac-Ala-Ala-Pro-Ala-4-nitroanilide
      the range is between 5.75 and 6. For MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Met-4-nitroanilide the
      pH optimum was found to be 5.5. The purified enzyme has an apparent Stokes radius
      of Rs = 37.9 A as judged by gel chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicates a molecular weight of approximately
      83,000 for the enzyme. Mercurials and EDTA were found to be potent inhibitors of
      proteinase yscD activity.

PMID- 3886642
TI  - NMR studies of fluorinated serine protease inhibitors.
AB  - Powers and co-workers have provided evidence that thiobenzyl N
      heptafluorobutyrylanthranilate (I) is an extremely potent inhibitor of serine
      proteases, especially alpha-chymotrypsin (Teshima, T., Griffin, J. C., and
      Powers, J. C. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 5085-5091). We have prepared additional
      derivatives of this structure in which fluorine substitutions have been made on
      the aromatic rings and have attempted to carry out fluorine NMR studies of the
      interaction of Powers' compound and these new derivatives with chymotrypsin. The
      solubility of all inhibitors examined in solvent systems compatible with the
      retention of native enzyme structure is extremely low. While some nmr evidence
      for complex formation could be obtained, preparations of the complexes examined
      were metastable and precipitation of the inhibitor eventually limits the amount
      of complex that can be present in solution to such low levels that nmr
      experiments are impractical. An unusual effect of solvent composition on fluorine
      chemical shifts suggests that the conformation of the inhibitors in aqueous
      solution and when bound to the enzyme is different from that in organic solvents.

PMID- 3886643
TI  - Deletion mapping the yeast TRP5 control region.
AB  - The yeast gene TRP5 is regulated by the general control system of amino acid
      biosynthesis. A TRP5-lacZ translational fusion was constructed in order to
      facilitate assay for TRP5 promoter function and regulation. The chromosomally
      integrated fusion was derepressed 4-5-fold by lysine limitation. Thus, the TRP5
      lacZ fusion is regulated by general control. Deletions were constructed in vitro
      in the 5'-flanking region of cloned TRP5-lacZ. These deletions localized the
      promoter region to within 188 base pairs of the transcription start site. Two
      separable subregions of the promoter were localized by further deletion mapping.
      The boundaries of the promoter regions are approximately -188 to -114 and -91 to 
      29. The TATA box is contained within the downstream promoter region. Regulatory
      regions essential for general control overlap with these promoter elements. Each
      of two separable regulatory regions contains a copy of the TGACT repeat (Donahue,
      T. F., Daves, R. S., Lucchini, G., and Fink, G. R. (1983) Cell 32, 89-98)
      previously implicated in regulation of HIS4 by general control.

PMID- 3886644
TI  - Characterization of the bilin attachment sites in R-phycoerythrin.
AB  - The amino acid sequence around the sites of attachment of all the bilin
      prosthetic groups of Gastroclonium coulteri R-phycoerythrin, (alpha beta)6 gamma,
      have been determined. The sequences of tryptic peptides derived from the alpha
      and beta subunits are (Formula: see text) where the designations alpha and beta
      refer to the subunits from which the peptides derived. Cysteinyl residues
      involved in bilin attachment are indicated with an asterisk. Each peptide carries
      a single bilin, either phycoerythrobilin (PEB) or phycourobilin (PUB).
      Spectroscopic studies on the gamma subunit indicate the presence of one PEB and
      three PUB groups. However, five unique tryptic peptides, gamma-A through gamma-E,
      were characterized, indicating that Gastroclonium R-phycoerythrin is a mixture of
      at least two species, (alpha beta)6 gamma and (alpha beta)6 gamma', with gamma
      subunits differing in amino acid sequence. The sequences of the gamma subunit
      bilin peptides (see below) were not homologous to those from alpha and beta
      subunits of any biliprotein. (Formula: see text) The bilins in all these peptides
      are attached through single linkages to a cysteinyl residue, except for the
      phycourobilin on peptide beta-3 which is attached through two thioether linkages
      to cysteinyl residues 10 amino acids apart. The availability of small bilin
      peptides was exploited to obtain more accurate molar extinction coefficients for
      peptide-linked PEB and PUB groups. Application of these extinction coefficients
      in the calculation of the bilin content of R-, B-, and C-phycoerythrins shows
      that there are 5 bilins/alpha beta in each of these three biliprotein types.

PMID- 3886645
TI  - Modification of histidines in human prothrombin. Effect on the interaction of
      fibrinogen with thrombin from diethyl pyrocarbonate-modified prothrombin.
AB  - Diethyl pyrocarbonate (ethoxyformic anhydride) was used to modify histidyl
      residues in prothrombin. Diethyl pyrocarbonate inactivated the potential
      fibrinogen-clotting activity of prothrombin with a second-order rate constant of
      70 M-1 min-1 at pH 6.0 and 25 degrees C. The difference spectrum of the modified
      protein had a maximum absorption at 240 nm which is characteristic of N
      carbethoxyhistidine. The pH dependence for inactivation suggested the
      participation of a residue with a pKa of 6.2. Addition of hydroxylamine to
      ethoxyformylated prothrombin reversed the loss of fibrinogen-clotting activity.
      No structural differences were detected between the native and modified proteins
      using fluorescence emission and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography.
      The tyrosine and tryptophan content was not altered, but approximately 1-2 amino
      groups were modified. Statistical analysis of residual enzyme activity and extent
      of modification indicates that among 7 histidyl residues modified per molecule,
      there is 1 essential histidine (not in the active site) involved in the potential
      fibrinogen-clotting activity of prothrombin. To further examine its properties,
      the modified prothrombin was activated to thrombin using Echis carinatus venom
      protease. There was no difference in the catalytic activity of thrombin obtained
      from either native or ethoxyformylated prothrombin, as measured by H-D-Phe
      pipecolyl-Arg-p-nitroanilide (D-Phe-Pip-Arg-NA) hydrolysis. However, thrombin
      produced from the modified protein showed a loss of fibrinogen-clotting activity
      but had a comparable apparent Ki value (about 20 microM) to thrombin from native
      prothrombin when fibrinogen was used as a competitive inhibitor during D-Phe-Pip
      Arg-NA hydrolysis. The similarity in Ki values indicated that thrombin derived
      from diethyl pyrocarbonate-modified prothrombin does not have an altered
      fibrinogen-binding site. Although the histidyl residue involved during
      inactivation has not been identified, the results suggest that a histidyl residue
      in the thrombin portion of prothrombin is essential for interaction with
      fibrinogen.

PMID- 3886646
TI  - Acylation of a Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen via sn-1,2-diacyl
      glycerol.
AB  - The 195-kDa merozoite protein synthesized in schizonts of Plasmodium falciparum
      (Holder, A. A., and Freeman, R. R. (1982) J. Exp. Med. 156, 1528-1538) contains
      ester-linked fatty acid. Enzymatic treatment of the purified acylated protein
      established that the lipid is present as sn-1,2-diacyl glycerol, most probably
      linked to a phosphodiester at the 3-position of glycerol. The phosphodiglyceride
      is not directly esterified to an amino acid residue on the polypeptide backbone.
      The 195-kDa protein is processed to three fragments (83, 42, and 19 kDa) on the
      surface of free merozoites (Holder, A. A., and Freeman, R. R. (1984) J. Exp. Med.
      160, 624-629), of which only the 42-kDa polypeptide is acylated.

PMID- 3886647
TI  - Homogeneous functional insulin receptor from 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Purification
      using N alpha B1-(biotinyl-epsilon-aminocaproyl)insulin and avidin-sepharose.
AB  - Insulin receptor was purified 10,000-fold from cultured mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes
      in 35% overall yield. The specific activities of 125I-insulin binding and
      autophosphorylation increased in parallel, following the initial Triton X-100
      extraction of membranes. The isolation protocol, performed entirely at pH 8.45,
      entailed adsorption by avidin-Sepharose CL-4B of a complex formed between Triton
      X-100-solubilized insulin receptor and N alpha B1-(biotinyl-epsilon
      aminocaproyl)insulin, and the specific elution of the complex with biotin. The
      avidin-Sepharose CL-4B was a partially denatured preparation, showing estimated
      dissociation constants of 0.2 microM for biotin and approximately 1 microM for
      the bifunctional ligand at, pH 7, 4 degrees C. The bifunctional ligand was
      characterized by 70% competency in binding to avidin, 100% competency in binding
      to solubilized insulin receptor, full stimulation of autophosphorylation of the
      isolated receptor, and maximal stimulation of hexose uptake by intact 3T3-L1
      adipocytes. The insulin binding properties of the insulin receptor were uniform
      throughout this purification procedure. At pH 8.45, 4 degrees C, an average Kd =
      0.72 nM was determined for a single class of noninteracting insulin binding
      sites. The apparent autophosphorylation of the beta-subunit was also unchanged
      following affinity chromatography. A single oligomeric structure was established
      for the purified receptor, composed only of 135,000- and 95,000-Da subunits,
      whose association was lost by denaturation in the presence of reducing agent.
      This single structure occurred in the initial Triton X-100 extract. The purified
      insulin receptor was capable of autophosphorylating the beta-subunit and
      catalyzed phosphorylation of protein substrates.

PMID- 3886648
TI  - DNase VII of human placenta. Mechanism studies.
AB  - The mechanism of the human placental DNase VII, described previously (Hollis, G.
      F., and Grossman, L. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 8074-8079) has been investigated
      in further detail. The enzyme initiates exonucleolytic hydrolysis from the 3'-end
      of DNA in a nonprocessive, or distributive, manner, regardless of whether the
      carbohydrate moiety associated with the 3'-terminal nucleotide contains H or OH
      at its 2' and 3' positions. DNase VII does not have associated RNase H activity;
      however, it is capable of removing 3'-terminal ribonucleotides. The enzyme also
      can hydrolyze DNA containing a terminal nucleotide lacking a purine or pyrimidine
      as well as termini containing noncomplementary nucleotides. DNase VII activity is
      product-inhibited by deoxynucleoside 5'-monophosphates. From kinetic studies, the
      mononucleotide deoxyadenylic acid is a noncompetitive inhibitor with a Ki = 0.3
      mM. The resemblance of DNase VII to the 3'----5' exonuclease activity of
      Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and its possible role in excision repair and
      proofreading are discussed.

PMID- 3886649
TI  - Purification and characterization of an F-actin-bundling 55-kilodalton protein
      from HeLa cells.
AB  - An F-actin-bundling protein with Mr of 55,000 has been purified from HeLa cells
      by a simple method using its affinity to F-actin. Briefly, muscle actin was mixed
      with supernatants of HeLa cell homogenates, and the resultant actin gel was
      precipitated by low speed centrifugation. The 55-kDa protein in the actin gel was
      dissociated by depolymerization of F-actin and purified sequentially by
      chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and hydroxylapatite. The Stokes radius and
      sedimentation coefficient of the 55-kDa protein were 32 A and 4.35 (S20,w),
      respectively. These results suggest that the 55-kDa protein is a monomeric
      globular protein with a native molecular weight of 57,000. The globular form of
      the protein was confirmed by electron microscopy of rotary shadowed specimens.
      The binding of the protein to actin was saturated at an approximate stoichiometry
      of 4 actin monomers to one 55-kDa molecule. The protein made F-actin aggregate
      side-by-side into bundles as has been reported for other F-actin-bundling
      proteins such as fimbrin (Mr = 68,000) and fascin (Mr = 58,000). The 55-kDa
      protein is a new actin-binding protein based on biochemical, morphological, and
      immunological characterization. Skeletal muscle tropomyosin inhibited the actin
      bundling activity of 55-kDa protein by competitive binding to actin, suggesting
      that the 55-kDa protein binding site on F-actin is in the vicinity of the
      tropomyosin-binding site.

PMID- 3886650
TI  - Purification and characterization of an inhibitor of the cysteine protease from
      the hemolymph of Sarcophaga peregrina larvae.
AB  - The hemolymph of Sarcophaga peregrina (flesh fly) larvae was found to contain
      multiple inhibitors of hemocyte cysteine protease. One of them, named
      sarcocystatin A, was purified and found to be a mixture of the components
      sarcocystatin A alpha and A beta in a molar ratio of 2:1. These components can
      exist in either the associated or dissociated form. The apparent heterogeneity of
      the protease inhibitors in the hemolymph was found to be partly due to
      association of sarcocystatin A alpha and A beta.

PMID- 3886651
TI  - Expression of nitrogen fixation genes in foreign hosts. Assembly of nitrogenase
      Fe protein in Escherichia coli and in yeast.
AB  - In Klebsiella pneumoniae, the nifH gene encodes the Fe protein (Kp2) polypeptide
      that is assembled into a homodimer responsible for the reduction of nitrogenase.
      Escherichia coli or the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, transformed with the K.
      pneumoniae nifH gene in suitable expression vectors, synthesize the Fe protein
      polypeptide. This study examines the assembly of the nifH gene product into its
      characteristic dimeric structure in E. coli and in yeast. Immunoblotting methods,
      as well as 55Fe2- labeling of K. pneumoniae were employed to detect native
      nitrogenase components in cell lysates. E. coli and yeast transformants contained
      a protein similar to native Kp2 in its immunoreactivity, apparent molecular
      weight, and lability in the presence of oxygen or MgATP. While in E. coli the co
      introduction of nifH and nifM resulted in enhanced levels of the nifH product, it
      appears that the nifH gene product alone is sufficient for the assembly of an Fe
      protein-like structure in foreign prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts.

PMID- 3886652
TI  - Identification of insulin receptors on the mucosal surface of colon epithelial
      cells.
AB  - Brush-border membranes were isolated from the mucosal surface of rabbit proximal
      colon epithelial cells by a procedure involving Ca2+ precipitation. Ouabain
      insensitive K+-phosphatase, a marker enzyme for the colon brush-border membrane,
      was enriched 17-fold by this technique, while no enrichment was observed in the
      activity of ouabain-sensitive K+-phosphatase, a marker for the basal-lateral
      membrane. Insulin binding studies revealed a dose-dependent inhibition of 125I
      insulin binding with porcine insulin and approximately 4 X 10(-9) M insulin was
      required to produce 50% inhibition of 125I-insulin binding, while desoctapeptide
      insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, and A chain of insulin had less effect on
      125I-insulin binding. This is the first demonstration of the existence of high
      affinity insulin binding sites on the brush-border membrane of mammalian colon
      epithelial cells. Subsequent studies with the cross-linking agent disuccinimidyl
      suberate confirmed the presence of insulin binding sites in these membranes and
      autoradiography of polyacrylamide gels revealed that the binding subunit of the
      colon epithelial cell brush-border insulin receptor is similar in size to that
      observed in hepatic tissue. Interestingly, the insulin binding capacity/mg of
      protein of this preparation is high, suggesting that large numbers of insulin
      receptors are present in vivo on the mucosal surface of colon epithelial cells.
      The potential physiological role of these previously unrecognized insulin
      receptors is discussed.

PMID- 3886653
TI  - In vitro metabolism of [3H] corticosterone by mammary glands from lactating rats.
      Isolation and identification of 21-acyl[3H]corticosterone.
AB  - [3H] Corticosterone undergoes extensive 21-acylation on incubation with minced
      mammary glands from lactating rats. A purified 21-acyl [3H] corticosterone
      fraction was obtained by subjecting extracts of the incubated tissues to Sephadex
      LH-20 column chromatography followed by partitioning between n-heptane/methanol.
      The methanol extracts were chromatographed consecutively on columns of silica gel
      and C18-silanized (reverse-phase) silica gel. The radioactive product was
      methoximated and re-chromatographed on the reverse-phase column. Mass spectral
      analysis of the 21-acyl [3H] corticosterone 3,20-dimethoxime and synthetic
      corticosterone 21-oleate 3,20-dimethoxime suggested identity. Confirmation of the
      precise nature of the 21-acyl moiety was obtained by isotope dilution analysis of
      the underivatized radiometabolite with corticosterone 21-oleate. The composition
      of the 21-acyl [3H] corticosterone fraction (i.e. before extensive purification)
      was ascertained by isotope dilution analysis with various corticosterone esters.
      It appears that [3H] corticosterone 21-oleate is a major component of this
      fraction, representing 80% of the radioactivity; [3H] corticosterone 21-linoleate
      is a minor component, i.e. 8.6%. [3H] Corticosterone 21-palmitate, [3H]
      corticosterone 21-arachidonate, and [3H] corticosterone 21-stearate, if indeed
      present, constitute considerably less than 14, 6, and 2%, respectively, of the
      radiometabolite fraction. It is suggested that bioacylation of corticosterone
      serves to modulate the biological action of the glucocorticoid hormone on the
      mammary glands during lactation.

PMID- 3886654
TI  - Amino acid sequence of the heavy chain of human alpha-factor XIIa (activated
      Hageman factor).
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the heavy chain of human alpha-factor XIIa (activated
      Hageman factor) was determined by automated Edman degradation using the peptides
      produced by chemical and enzymatic cleavages of intact factor XII and alpha
      factor XIIa. Combining this sequence with the previously determined sequence of
      beta-factor XIIa (Fujikawa, K., and McMullen, B. A. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258,
      10924-10933), the complete amino acid sequence of human factor XII has been
      established. The heavy chain of alpha-factor XIIa is composed of 353 amino acid
      residues containing one Asn-linked and six probable O-linked carbohydrate chains.
      The heavy chain of alpha-factor XIIa appears to contain four different domains
      including a "kringle," a "growth factor" domain, and the "type I" and "type II"
      domains of fibronectin. The domain organization of factor XII is analogous to
      those of several fibrinolytic proteins, including tissue plasminogen activator
      and urokinase, suggesting that factor XII belongs to the same protease subfamily
      as these two proteins.

PMID- 3886655
TI  - Substrate-induced hysteresis in the activity of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate
      reductase.
AB  - Full time course studies of the kinetic activity of Escherichia coli
      dihydrofolate reductase show that there is an increase in activity with time. The
      half-time for this hysteretic behavior is about 9 s. Preincubation of the enzyme
      with either of the substrates abolishes the lag and results in initial velocities
      which are 2-2.3-fold faster than those observed for the non-preincubated enzyme.
      The kinetic properties of the activated and nonactivated forms of the enzyme
      appear to be similar as measured by the full time course of the reaction. The
      results are consistent with observations for NADPH binding studies that the
      enzyme exists in two interconvertible forms, one of which is incapable of binding
      NADPH (Cayley, P. J., Dunn, S. M. J., and King, R. W. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 874
      879).

PMID- 3886656
TI  - Evidence for an essential arginine residue in the active site of Escherichia coli
      2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate aldolase. Modification with 1,2-cyclohexanedione.
AB  - Treatment of homogeneous preparations of Escherichia coli 2-keto-4
      hydroxyglutarate aldolase with 1,2-cyclohexanedione, 2,3-butanedione,
      phenylglyoxal, or 2,4-pentanedione results in a time- and concentration-dependent
      loss of enzymatic activity; the kinetics of inactivation are pseudo-first order.
      Cyclohexanedione is the most effective modifier; a plot of log (1000/t 1/2)
      versus log [cyclohexanedione] gives a straight line with slope = 1.1, indicating
      that one molecule of modifier reacts with each active unit of enzyme. The
      kinetics of inactivation are first order with respect to cyclohexanedione,
      suggesting that the loss of activity is due to modification of 1 arginine
      residue/subunit. Controls establish that this inactivation is not due to modifier
      induced dissociation or photoinduced structural alteration of the aldolase. The
      same Km but decreased Vmax values are obtained when partially inactivated enzyme
      is compared with native. Amino acid analyses of 95% inactivated aldolase show the
      loss of 1 arginine/subunit with no significant change in other amino acid
      residues. Considerable protection against inactivation is provided by the
      substrates 2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate and pyruvate (75 and 50%, respectively) and
      to a lesser extent (40 and 35%, respectively) by analogs like 2-keto-4
      hydroxybutyrate and 2-keto-3-deoxyarabonate. In contrast, formaldehyde or
      glycolaldehyde (analogs of glyoxylate) under similar conditions show no
      protective effect. These results indicate that an arginine residue is required
      for E. coli 2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate aldolase activity; it most likely
      participates in the active site of the enzyme by interacting with the carboxylate
      anion of the pyruvate-forming moiety of 2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate.

PMID- 3886657
TI  - Regulation of initiation factors during translational repression caused by serum
      depletion. Covalent modification.
AB  - One to 2 h after transfer of HeLa cells into fresh serum-containing medium, when
      translation rates are maximal, the initiation factor proteins were examined on
      immunoblots of two-dimensional gels. Eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)-2 alpha,
      eIF-2 beta, and eIF-4A each formed a single immunoreactive spot; eIF-2 gamma
      formed 2 spots; and eIF-4B formed a complex array of 12-20 spots. After 4 days of
      growth in unreplenished medium, when translation rates have dropped 4-6-fold,
      several alterations in the isoelectric forms were observed: eIF-2 alpha now
      occurred in 2 forms, eIF-2 beta was present in 3-4 forms, and the most acidic
      cluster of eIF-4B variants was decreased or absent while a new isoelectric
      variant appeared at the basic end of the array. No changes were observed for eIF
      2 gamma or eIF-4A. The 35-50-kDa subunits of the multiprotein initiation factor
      eIF-3 also showed no changes when the aforementioned growth states were compared.
      Resolution of 32P-labeled lysates by isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the eIF-2 alpha modification
      and the loss of eIF-4B variants reflected changes in phosphorylation states.
      Stimulation of 4-day grown cells with fresh serum-containing medium caused a
      reversal of the initiation factor modifications back to the forms prevailing
      shortly after replating. This analysis indicates that covalent modifications
      appear concurrently with decreasing initiation rates and suggests that they may
      be causative.

PMID- 3886658
TI  - Bovine interferon alpha genes. Structure and expression.
AB  - The bovine genome contains a gene family of interferon-alpha s (bIFN-alpha) that
      consists of at least five distinct members. Four of the bIFN-alpha genes isolated
      show a high degree of homology (97% in the nucleotide sequence and 93% in amino
      acid sequence). The overall homology in amino acid sequence of bIFN-alpha to
      human, murine, and rat IFNs-alpha is approximately 60%. Yet there are amino acid
      clusters (positions 28-41 and 118-146) which are highly conserved throughout the
      mammalian evolution and in which the overall homology can be as high as 86%.
      Within the C terminus conserved cluster there is a sequence containing 9 amino
      acids completely conserved in 16 mammalian IFNs-alpha and of these, 7 are also
      shared with a similar domain in some bacterial toxins, implying a common
      functional role for these domains. One of the genes, IFN-alpha C, was expressed
      in Escherichia coli. The purified bacterial IFN (specific activity, 2 X 10(8)
      units/mg) exhibited antiviral activity on bovine cells but no detectable activity
      was demonstrated on human and simian cells.

PMID- 3886659
TI  - Attempted expression of a human initiator tRNA gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - In attempts to overproduce the wild type and, eventually, mutant human initiator
      methionine tRNAs for use in structure-function relationship studies, we have
      investigated the expression of the wild type human initiator tRNA gene in the
      yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, both in vitro and in vivo. We find that the yeast
      extract, while capable of accurately transcribing several yeast tRNA genes, does
      not transcribe the human initiator tRNA gene. In addition, when the human
      initiator tRNA gene is introduced into yeast as part of a 2 mu vector, no
      expression of the human tRNA gene was detected. A yeast alanine tRNA gene
      similarly introduced into yeast is expressed efficiently. The block in expression
      of the human tRNA gene is at the level of transcription and not processing. The
      yeast cell-free extract can accurately process precursors of the same human
      initiator tRNA made in a HeLa cell-free extract. Surprisingly, although the human
      tRNA gene has essentially the same intragenic control elements as the yeast
      initiator tRNA gene, the human tRNA gene competes extremely poorly for
      transcription factors in yeast extracts. In the course of screening a yeast DNA
      bank for initiator tRNA clones we have isolated and sequenced three yeast tRNA
      genes corresponding to glycine, alanine, and aspartic acid tRNAs. The sequence of
      glycine tRNA gene differs from the published tRNA sequence in having an
      additional nucleotide in the variable loop. The alanine tRNA gene codes for a new
      tRNA. All three genes are transcriptionally active in yeast extracts.

PMID- 3886660
TI  - There are two forms of androgen binding protein in human testes. Comparison of
      their protomeric variants with serum testosterone-estradiol binding globulin.
AB  - To determine how the androgen binding protein in human testes (hABP) is related
      to the serum protein, testosterone-estradiol binding globulin (hTeBG), both
      proteins were isolated and compared. The hABP in extracts of human testes was
      composed of two molecular species based on concanavalin A (ConA)-Sepharose
      chromatography. Form I hABP did not interact with ConA while Form II hABP bound
      to ConA and eluted with alpha-methylmannoside. Form I and Form II hABP from five
      batches of testes were then purified approximately 30,500- and 30,000-fold to
      apparent homogeneity by high-performance liquid chromatography and compared with
      hTeBG isolated from human pregnancy serum. Fractionation of both forms of hABP
      and hTeBG by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the absence of sodium dodecyl
      sulfate suggested that the native forms of these proteins were indistinguishable.
      However, analysis of the purified proteins on sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing
      polyacrylamide gels indicated that all three were dimers and that each was
      composed of monomers of at least two sizes which were not present in equimolar
      concentrations. Two distinctive monomers or protomers of each protein were
      designated as heavy (H) and light (L) according to their electrophoretic
      mobilities on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The H and L protomers
      of Form I hABP showed apparent molecular weights of 55,000 and 52,000,
      respectively, in all preparations and were usually present in a 4:5 ratio (H:L).
      The two components of Form II hABP had apparent molecular weights of 53,000 and
      48,000, respectively, and existed in a ratio of approximately 20:1. These two
      components could not be distinguished in some preparations where Form II hABP
      migrated as a broad band rather than as distinct protomers. By contrast, hTeBG,
      which was similar to Form II hABP with respect to ConA binding, always exhibited
      discrete H and L protomers in a 10:1 ratio. Photolysis of these highly purified
      proteins with delta 6-[3H]testosterone resulted in specific covalent labeling of
      their binding sites, confirming that the products identified by silver staining
      and immunoblotting were indeed steroid binding proteins. The H and L protomers of
      Form I hABP and hTeBG were separated and examined by peptide mapping using
      Staphylococcus aureus protease V8 and chymotrypsin. The comparison of the
      respective fragmentation patterns of protomers indicated that Form I hABP and
      hTeBG contained distinctive peptides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3886661
TI  - Proteins of demembraned mouse sperm heads. Characterization of a major sperm
      unique component.
AB  - A 15-kilodalton protein has been identified as a major component of the residual
      protein fraction of mouse epididymal/vas spermatozoal heads, demembraned by
      treatment with Triton X-100 and sequentially extracted with 1 M NaCl/2
      mercaptoethanol/DNase I. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of that protein before
      and after treatment with alkaline phosphatase indicated that it is present in
      epididymal/vas spermatozoa as a series of five differentially phosphorylated
      molecules with pI 6.0-7.0. Cyto-immunofluorescence with an affinity-purified
      antibody to the 15-kDa protein localized that protein to a circumscribed region
      of the demembraned mouse sperm head mediad from the dorsal margin. By
      radioimmunoassay, the 15-kDa protein was shown to be sperm-unique and species
      specific. The antibody was nonreactive with homogenates of meiotic spermatogenic
      cells and round spermatids (stages 1-11) but was reactive with a non
      phosphorylated 15.5-kDa protein of elongating spermatids (stages 12-16) and
      testicular spermatozoa. Following alkaline phosphatase treatment, the
      spermatozoal 15-kDa protein migrated to the position of the spermatidal 15.5-kDa
      protein on a sodium dodecyl sulfate gel. Thus, we conclude that the 15-kDa
      protein of mouse spermatozoa is synthesized during the elongation phase of
      spermiogenesis (stages 12-16) and is phosphorylated in the terminal period of
      that phase and/or after excursion of spermatozoa from the seminiferous tubules.

PMID- 3886662
TI  - Transcription termination factor rho mediates simultaneous release of RNA
      transcripts and DNA template from complexes with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase.
AB  - Dissociation of RNA and DNA from Escherichia coli RNA polymerase in transcription
      complexes prepared with enzyme molecules located within and near a rho-dependent
      transcription termination region on bacteriophage T7 D111 DNA has been studied
      using a membrane filter-binding assay. Rho protein with ATP present mediated
      rapid (half-time approximately 27 s) simultaneous dissociation of about 50% of
      both RNA and DNA. RNA molecules were preferentially released from enzyme
      molecules located within the termination region. Rapid release of RNA and DNA
      depended on a nucleoside triphosphate but did not depend on sigma factor.
      Pretreatment of complexes with ribonuclease prevented dissociation of DNA. Nearly
      simultaneous dissociation of both RNA and DNA was also detected after a lag of 3
      min when the isolated transcription complexes were incubated with all four
      ribonucleoside triphosphates in the absence of rho factor. In this case, release
      presumably occurred at the rho-independent termination site that is 5990
      nucleotides downstream from the A1 promoter. Thus, the dissociation of DNA from
      RNA polymerase at rho-dependent and rho-independent transcription termination
      sites is coupled with or occurs spontaneously soon after the release of
      transcripts at both sites.

PMID- 3886663
TI  - Heterotransplantation studies with tissue culture cell lines in various animal
      and in vitro host systems.
AB  - The human amnion cell line FL was found to be more tumorigenic than HeLa cells
      when used as a positive control in heterotransplantation assays. FL cells formed
      significantly larger locally invasive tumors than HeLa cells in both Balb/c/nu/nu
      mice and ATG-treated newborn Wistar rats. In addition, FL cells resulted in
      metastatic growths in the lungs of two of 12 mice six weeks and in 10 of 36 rats
      three weeks after inoculation. HeLa cells did not produce metastases in either
      mice or rats. Both these cell lines were obtained from the American Type Culture
      Collection. Heterotransplantation experiments with a variety of animal host
      systems confirmed previous findings that newborn Wistar rats treated with rat ATG
      were the most sensitive to tumor growth. Vero and LLC-MK2 continuous monkey
      kidney cells formed small, non-progressively growing tumors showing tubule
      formation and occasional mitoses. LLC-MK2 cells were found to be more pleomorphic
      in appearance and with more mitoses than Vero cells but neither cell line showed
      any evidence of distant metastatic growth in any of several organs examined. The
      human lymphoblastoid cell line Namalwa produced large invasive tumors at the
      inoculation site but no distant metastases. In the chick embryo skin test it was
      found that MI values (mitotic index--percentage of cells in mitosis) gave more
      reproducible results and were less time-consuming than counting mean mitoses per
      section. Significant differences were found between Vero, LLC-MK2, HeLa and FL
      cells with Vero giving the lowest and FL the highest values. The use of MI values
      enhanced the sensitivity of the chick embryo skin test which was found to be a
      rapid and valuable screening test for tumorigenicity.

PMID- 3886664
TI  - [Application of an immunoenzyme method to the titration of neutralized rabies
      antibodies in cell culture].

PMID- 3886665
TI  - Contractile proteins in pericytes. I. Immunoperoxidase localization of
      tropomyosin.
AB  - In these studies we have compared the relative amounts and isoforms of
      tropomyosin in capillary and postcapillary venule pericytes, endothelial cells,
      and vascular smooth muscle cells in four rat microvascular beds: heart,
      diaphragm, pancreas, and the intestinal mucosa. The results, obtained by in situ
      immunoperoxidase localization, indicate that (a) tropomyosin is present in
      capillary and postcapillary venule pericytes in relatively high concentration;
      (b) the tropomyosin content of pericytes appears to be somewhat lower than in
      vascular smooth muscle cells but higher than in endothelia and other vessel
      associated cells; and (c) pericytes, unlike endothelia and other nonmuscle cells,
      contain detectable levels of tropomyosin immunologically related to the smooth
      muscle isoform. These results and our previous findings concerning the presence
      of a cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (Joyce, N., P. DeCamilli, and J. Boyles,
      1984, Microvasc. Res. 28:206-219) in pericytes demonstrate that these cells
      contain significant amounts of at least two proteins important for contraction
      regulation. Taken together, the evidence suggests that pericytes are contractile
      elements related to vascular smooth muscle cells, possibly involved, as are the
      latter, in the regulation of blood flow through the microvasculature.

PMID- 3886666
TI  - Contractile proteins in pericytes. II. Immunocytochemical evidence for the
      presence of two isomyosins in graded concentrations.
AB  - This paper describes the localization of isomyosins in the pericytes of four rat
      microvascular beds: heart, diaphragm, pancreas, and the intestinal mucosa, by use
      of immunoperoxidase techniques and IgGs specific for either nonmuscle or smooth
      muscle isoforms. Based on the semiquantitative nature of the peroxidatic
      reaction, we concluded that the amount and distribution of these isoforms vary
      with the microvascular bed and also with vascular segments within the same bed.
      In the pericytes of small capillaries, nonmuscle isomyosin is the predominant
      form, whereas the smooth muscle isomyosin is present in very low concentration. A
      reversed relationship is found in the pericytes associated with larger
      capillaries and postcapillary venules. These results, taken together with
      previous findings on actin (Herman, I., and P. A. D'Amore, 1983, J. Cell Biol.
      97:278a), tropomyosin (Joyce, N. C., M. F. Haire, and G. E. Palade, 1985, J. Cell
      Biol. 100:1379-1386), and cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (Joyce, N., P.
      DeCamilli, and J. Boyles, 1984, Microvasc. Res. 28:206-219), indicate that
      pericytes contain proteins essential for contraction in higher concentration than
      any other cells associated with the microvasculature, except smooth muscle cells.
      Pericytes appear to be, therefore, cells differentiated for a contractile
      function within the microvasculature.

PMID- 3886667
TI  - Cell-cell interactions promote mammary epithelial cell differentiation.
AB  - Mammary epithelium differentiates in a stromal milieu of adipocytes and
      fibroblasts. To investigate cell-cell interactions that may influence mammary
      epithelial cell differentiation, we developed a co-culture system of murine
      mammary epithelium and adipocytes and other fibroblasts. Insofar as caseins are
      specific molecular markers of mammary epithelial differentiation, rat anti-mouse
      casein monoclonal antibodies were raised against the three major mouse casein
      components to study this interaction. Mammary epithelium from mid-pregnant mice
      was plated on confluent irradiated monolayers of 3T3-L1 cells, a subclone of the
      Swiss 3T3 cell line that differentiates into adipocytes in monolayer culture and
      other cell monolayers (3T3-C2 cells, Swiss 3T3 cells, and human foreskin
      fibroblasts). Casein was synthesized by mammary epithelium only in the presence
      of co-cultured cells and the lactogenic hormone combination of insulin,
      hydrocortisone, and prolactin. Synthesis and accumulation of alpha-, beta-, and
      gamma-mouse casein within the epithelium was shown by immunohistochemical
      staining of cultured cells with anti-casein monoclonal antibodies, and the
      specificity of the immunohistochemical reaction was demonstrated using
      immunoblots. A competitive immunoassay was used to measure the amount of casein
      secreted into the culture medium. In a 24-h period, mammary epithelium co
      cultured with 3T3-L1 cells secreted 12-20 micrograms beta-casein per culture
      dish. There was evidence of specificity in the cell-cell interaction that
      mediates hormone-dependent casein synthesis. Swiss 3T3 cells, newborn foreskin
      fibroblasts, substrate-attached material ("extracellular matrix"), and tissue
      culture plastic did not support casein synthesis, whereas monolayers of 3T3-L1
      and 3T3-C2 cells, a subclone of Swiss 3T3 cells that does not undergo adipocyte
      differentiation, did. We conclude that interaction between mammary epithelium and
      other specific nonepithelial cells markedly influences the acquisition of hormone
      sensitivity of the epithelium and hormone-dependent differentiation.

PMID- 3886668
TI  - Characterization of maturation-dependent extrinsic proteins of the rat sperm
      surface.
AB  - Mammalian spermatozoa must mature in the epididymis before they can fertilize an
      egg. It is known that modification of the protein composition of the sperm
      surface is an important part of the maturation process. In this paper, we present
      data on two related glycoproteins that can be extracted from mature but not
      immature spermatozoa. Cell surface radioiodination has shown that these proteins
      are on the sperm surface, and immunofluorescence microscopy, by use of
      monospecific antibodies to the proteins, has indicated that their localization is
      restricted to the periacrosomal region of the sperm head. We have also shown that
      in vitro, these proteins will bind to the identical region of immature sperm.
      Immunohistochemical localization of the proteins in the epididymis shows that
      they are produced and secreted by the cauda region. The significance of the
      addition of these proteins to the sperm surface in both maturation and
      fertilization is discussed.

PMID- 3886669
TI  - Crypt cell development in newborn rat small intestine.
AB  - Three monoclonal antibodies were prepared against luminal membranes from small
      intestinal cells of 3-d-old rats (YBB 1/27, YBB 3/10) and crypt cell membranes
      from adult rats (CC 4/80). The antibodies were shown to define specific stages of
      development of the intestinal crypt cells. The YBB 1/27 antigen was first
      detected at the luminal membrane of the epithelial cells in fetal intestine at
      day 20 of gestation; it was confined to the crypt cells and lower villus cells
      between 1 and 20-22 d after birth, and could not be detected in any region of the
      intestine in older animals. The YBB 3/10 antigen, identified as a set of high Mr
      proteins, was localized over the entire surface membrane of fetal intestinal
      cells and of crypt and villus cells after birth; after weaning (20-22 d after
      birth) it gradually disappeared from the villus cells and became confined to the
      region of the crypts. The CC 4/80 antigen, identified as a protein (or a set of
      related proteins) of molecular mass 28-34 kD, was shown to appear in the crypt
      cells 10-14 d after birth. Its distribution changed after weaning, when it
      disappeared from the crypts, and was localized in the absorptive lower villus
      cells. This change in pattern could, in part, be prematurely elicited by
      cortisone injection in younger animals. These results have demonstrated the
      presence of specific surface membrane components on the intestinal crypt cells,
      and suggested that fetal antigens may be retained in these cells after birth.

PMID- 3886670
TI  - Active maturation-promoting factor is present in mature mouse oocytes.
AB  - Cytoplasmic extracts of meiotically mature mouse oocytes were injected into
      immature Xenopus laevis oocytes, which underwent germinal vesicle breakdown
      within 2 h. Germinal vesicle breakdown was not inhibited by incubation of the
      Xenopus oocytes in cycloheximide (20 micrograms/ml). Identically prepared
      extracts of meiotically immature mouse oocytes, arrested at the germinal vesicle
      stage by dibutyryl cyclic AMP (100 micrograms/ml), did not induce germinal
      vesicle breakdown in Xenopus oocytes. The results show that maturation-promoting
      factor activity appears during the course of oocyte maturation in the mouse.

PMID- 3886672
TI  - Polymerization of tubulin in vivo: direct evidence for assembly onto microtubule
      ends and from centrosomes.
AB  - Microtubule assembly in vivo was studied by hapten-mediated immunocytochemistry.
      Tubulin was derivatized with dichlorotriazinylaminofluorescein (DTAF) and
      microinjected into living, interphase mammalian cells. Sites of incorporation
      were determined at the level of individual microtubules by double-label
      immunofluorescence. The haptenized tubulin was localized by an anti-fluorescein
      antibody and a second antibody conjugated with fluorescein. Total microtubules
      were identified by anti-tubulin and a secondary antibody conjugated with
      rhodamine. Contrary to recent studies (Salmon, E. D., et al., 1984, J. Cell
      Biol., 99:2165-2174; Saxton, W. M., et al., 1984, J. Cell Biol., 99:2175-2186)
      which suggest that tubulin incorporates all along the length of microtubules in
      vivo, we found that microtubule assembly in interphase cells was in vivo, as in
      vitro, an end-mediated process. Microtubules that radiated out toward the cell
      periphery incorporated the DTAF-tubulin solely at their distal, that is, their
      plus ends. We also found that a proportion of the microtubules connected to the
      centrosomes incorporated the DTAF-tubulin along their entire length, which
      suggests that the centrosome can nucleate the formation of new microtubules.

PMID- 3886671
TI  - Invertase signal and mature sequence substitutions that delay intercompartmental
      transport of active enzyme.
AB  - The role of structural signals in intercompartmental transport has been addressed
      by the isolation of yeast invertase (SUC2) mutations that cause intracellular
      accumulation of active enzyme. Two mutations that delay transport of core
      glycosylated invertase, but not acid phosphatase, have been mapped in the 5'
      coding region of SUC2. Both mutations reduce specifically the transport of
      invertase to a compartment, presumably in the Golgi body, where outer chain
      carbohydrate is added. Subsequent transport to the cell surface is not similarly
      delayed. One mutation (SUC2-s1) converts an ala codon to val at position -1 in
      the signal peptide; the other (SUC2-s2) changes a thr to an ile at position +64
      in the mature protein. Mutation s1 results in about a 50-fold reduced rate of
      invertase transport to the Golgi body which is attributable to defective signal
      peptide cleavage. While peptide cleavage normally occurs at an ala-ser bond, the
      s1 mutant form is processed slowly at the adjacent ser-met position giving rise
      to mature invertase with an N-terminal met residue. s2 mutant invertase is
      transported about sevenfold more slowly than normal, with no delay in signal
      peptide cleavage, and no detectable abnormal physical property of the enzyme.
      This substitution may interfere with the interaction of invertase and a receptor
      that facilitates transport to the Golgi body.

PMID- 3886674
TI  - Release and properties of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) from
      endothelial cells in culture.
AB  - Cultured bovine endothelial cells were seeded onto the intimal surface of
      endothelium-denuded rings of canine coronary artery. These rings did not
      previously relax to acetylcholine, substance P, bradykinin, and A23187. After
      seeding, the same rings relaxed to bradykinin and A23187, but not to acetycholine
      or substance P. Indomethacin pretreatment did not affect these responses. Cells
      from the same source were then grown to confluence on microcarrier beads, poured
      into small columns, and perfused with Krebs' solution. The perfusate from the
      columns was bioassayed on endothelium-denuded rings of coronary artery from
      either the dog or pig. Challenge of the column in the presence of indomethacin
      with either bradykinin or A23187 as well as acetylcholine or substance P caused
      release of a substance that relaxed both types of artery. Its activity half-life
      was 6.4 +/- 0.4 sec at 37 degrees C and it was hydrophilic and negatively
      charged. Prostacyclin (PGI2) as a candidate for EDRF was ruled out because 1)
      indomethacin failed to block its release and 2) the pig coronary artery, although
      insensitive to PGI2, relaxed to the endothelium-derived substance. These results
      show that, in response to a number of dilator drugs, cultured endothelial cells
      release a vascular relaxing substance (EDRF) that has characteristics similar to
      the EDRF of normal endothelium. The chemical nature of EDRF awaits clarification.

PMID- 3886673
TI  - Association of the postsynaptic 43K protein with newly formed acetylcholine
      receptor clusters in cultured muscle cells.
AB  - The postsynaptic membrane from Torpedo electric organ contains, in addition to
      the acetylcholine receptor (AChR), a major peripheral membrane protein of
      approximately 43,000 mol wt (43K protein). Previous studies have shown that this
      protein is closely associated with AChR and may be involved in anchoring
      receptors to the postsynaptic membrane. In this study, binding sites for
      monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the 43K protein have been compared to the
      distribution of AChR in Xenopus laevis muscle cells in culture. In double label
      immunofluorescence experiments, clusters of AChR that occur spontaneously on
      these cells were stained with anti-43K mabs. Newly formed receptor clusters
      induced with positive polypeptide-coated latex beads were also stained with anti
      43K mabs as early as 12 h after the application of the beads. Exact
      correspondence in the distribution of the anti-43K protein binding sites and the
      AChR was found in both types of clusters. These results suggest that the 43K
      protein becomes associated with AChR clusters during a period of active
      postsynaptic membrane differentiation. Thus, this protein may participate in the
      clustering process.

PMID- 3886675
TI  - Matrix-cytoskeletal interactions in the developing eye.
AB  - The embryonic avian corneal epithelium in vitro responds to extracellular matrix
      (ECM) molecules in either soluble or polymerized form by flattening its basal
      surface, organizing the basal cortical actin cytoskeleton, and stepping up its
      production of corneal stroma twofold. Embryonic corneal epithelia, like
      hepatocytes and mammary gland cells, seem to contain heparan sulfate proteoglycan
      (HSPG) in their plasmalemma, which may interact with actin on the one hand or
      underlying collagen on the other. Work on the corneal epithelium suggests that,
      in addition to HSPG, specific glycoprotein receptors for laminin and collagen
      exist in the basal plasmalemma and play the critical role in actually organizing
      the basal epithelial cytoskeleton. As yet, uncharacterized proteins may link such
      receptors to actin. We suggest that ECM-dependent organization of the
      cytoskeleton is responsible for ECM enhancement of corneal epithelial
      differentiation. Cell shape and exogenous ECM also affect mesenchymal cell
      differentiation. In the case of the corneal fibroblast migrating in collagen
      gels, an actin cortex present around the elongate cell seems to interact with
      myosin in the cytosol to bring about pseudopodial extension. Both microtubules
      and actin microfilaments are involved in fibroblast elongation in collagen gels.
      It follows from the rules presented in this review that the mesenchymal cell
      surface is quite different from the epithelial cell surface in its organization.
      Nevertheless, epithelial cell surface-ECM interaction can be modified in the
      embryo at particular times to permit predesignated epithelial-mesenchymal
      transformations, as for example at the primitive streak. Though basal surfaces of
      definitive, nonmalignant epithelia adhere rather strictly to the rules of
      epithelium-ECM interaction and do not invade underlying ECM, the environment can
      be manipulated in vitro to cause these epithelia to send out pseudopodia and give
      rise aberrantly to mesenchymal cells in collagen gels. Further study of this
      phenomenon should cast light on the manner in which epithelial and mesenchymal
      cells organize receptors for matrix molecules on their cell surfaces and develop
      appropriate cytoskeletal responses to the extracellular matrix.

PMID- 3886676
TI  - How do the migratory and adhesive properties of the neural crest govern ganglia
      formation in the avian peripheral nervous system?
AB  - The peripheral nervous system derives mainly from the neural crest both in the
      head and trunk. Using markers such as fibronectin (FN), neural cell-adhesion
      molecule (NCAM), the nucleolar marker for quail cells in chimaeric embryos, and
      NC-1, a monoclonal antibody specific to crest cells and their neural derivatives,
      we have attempted to reconstruct the processes that lead to the formation of
      peripheral ganglia. Our observations allow us to propose a model of the formation
      of ganglia based on morphogenetic movements and on variations of crest cell
      adhesiveness. In most cases, crest cells migrate in morphologically defined and
      transient pathways that lead them to their final site of arrest; these pathways
      are always associated with FN, which appears necessary for crest cell attachment
      and movement in vitro. The directionality of crest cell migration is probably
      dictated by the cells' motile properties and population pressure in restricted
      areas suitable for cell movement. The disappearance of the pathways and of the
      substrate necessary for migration while the population is rapidly dividing may be
      responsible for the aggregation of crest cells in the case of the sensory
      ganglia. To the contrary, the aggregation of crest cells into autonomic ganglia
      (sympathetic, enteric, and ciliary ganglia) does not seem to obey the same rules,
      no disappearance of the substratum or of the pathways being obvious; rather,
      their formation seems correlated with the de novo synthesis of adhesive molecules
      such as NCAM.

PMID- 3886677
TI  - Intracellular features of type II procollagen and chondroitin sulfate
      proteoglycan synthesis in chondrocytes.
AB  - The intracellular compartments of chondrocytes involved in the synthesis and
      processing of type II procollagen and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG)
      monomer were investigated using simultaneous double immunofluorescence and lectin
      localization reactions. Type II procollagen was distributed in vesicles
      throughout the cytoplasm, whereas intracellular precursors of CSPG monomer were
      accumulated in the perinuclear cytoplasm. In this study, cytoplasmic vesicles
      that stained intensely with antibodies directed against CSPG monomer but did not
      react with type II collagen antibodies, also were observed. A monoclonal
      antibody, 5-D-4, that recognizes keratan sulfate determinants was used to
      identify the Golgi complex (the site of keratan sulfate chain elongation).
      Staining with 5-D-4 was restricted to the perinuclear cytoplasm. The vesicles
      outside the perinuclear cytoplasm that stained intensely with antibodies to CSPG
      monomer did not react with 5-D-4. Fluorescent lectins were used to characterize
      further subcellular compartments. Concanavalin A, which reacts with mannose-rich
      oligosaccharides, did not stain the perinuclear region, but it did stain vesicles
      throughout the rest of the cytoplasm. Because mannose oligosaccharides are added
      cotranslationally, the stained vesicles throughout the cytoplasm presumably
      correspond to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Wheat germ agglutinin, which
      recognizes N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and sialic acid (carbohydrates added in the
      Golgi), stained exclusively the perinuclear cytoplasm. By several criteria
      (staining with the monoclonal antibody 5-D-4 and with wheat germ agglutinin), the
      perinuclear cytoplasm seems to correspond to the Golgi complex. The cytoplasmic
      vesicles that react with anti-CSPG monomer and not with anti-type II collagen
      contain precursors of CSPG monomer not yet modified by Golgi-mediated
      oligosaccharide additions (because they are not stained with wheat germ
      agglutinin or with the anti-keratan sulfate antibody); these vesicles may have a
      unique function in the processing of CSPG.

PMID- 3886678
TI  - Immunopurification, characterization, and nature of membrane association of human
      melanoma-associated oncofetal antigen gp87 defined by monoclonal antibody
      140.240.
AB  - A melanoma-associated oncofetal antigen, gp87 (a p97-like molecule), defined by
      the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 140.240 has been purified to homogeneity from the
      spent medium of cultured melanoma cells by a two-step immunoadsorbent procedure.
      The first immunoadsorbent step using glutaraldehyde-insolubilized MoAb 140.240
      (ascites fluid) resulted in a 13-fold enrichment with 93% recovery in the bound
      material. In the second immunoadsorbent step constructed by the purified IgG2a of
      MoAb 140.240 (culture fluid) coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B the bound
      material from the first step was further purified resulting in a 330-fold
      purification with 90% recovery. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis
      of the final purified material revealed a single band migrating as a polypeptide
      with an approximate molecular weight of 87 Kd, consistent with the size of the
      molecule immunoprecipitated by MoAb 140.240 from lysates of radiolabelled
      melanoma cells. Preliminary amino acid analysis indicates a particularly high
      proportion of phenylalanine in gp87. We have also compared gp87 with two well
      defined antigens, HLA-A,B,C (integral membrane protein) and "94K"
      melanoma/carcinoma-associated antigen (peripheral membrane protein) with respect
      to antigen extractability from melanoma cells using phosphate-buffered saline,
      0.1 M urea, 3 M NaCl, or nonionic detergent (NP-40). The results showed that
      whereas 94K antigen was extractable by each of the four different solutions,
      gp87, similar to HLA-A,B,C antigens, could only be extracted with NP-40, strongly
      suggesting that gp87 is an integral melanoma cell component.

PMID- 3886679
TI  - Evidence for the presence of cholinergic nerves in cerebral arteries: an
      immunohistochemical demonstration of choline acetyltransferase.
AB  - The presence of cholinergic nerves in cerebral arteries of several species was
      investigated by an immunohistochemical method using antibodies against choline
      acetyltransferase (ChAT). In cats, pigs, rats, and dogs, ChAT immunoreactivities
      were found to be associated with large bundles and single fibers in the circle of
      Willis and anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and basilar arteries. In the
      rabbit, the ChAT-immunoreactive (ChAT-I) nerves were also observed in the circle
      of Willis and anterior and middle cerebral arteries, but only few or none were
      found in the basilar and vertebral arteries. The ChAT-I nerves were found only in
      the adventitial layer of vessels examined. Superior cervical ganglionectomy did
      not appreciably affect the distribution of ChAT-I nerves. These results indicate
      the presence of cholinergic nerves in cerebral arteries. The distribution pattern
      of ChAT-I nerves was different from that of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
      (VIP)-like-immunoreactive nerves and acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves. The
      possible coexistence of ChAT and VIP-like substance in the same neuron is
      discussed.

PMID- 3886680
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography method for the separation of isomers of 9
      beta-methylcarbacyclin (ciprostene) and the analysis of pharmaceutical samples.
AB  - An high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed that separates
      (5Z)-9 beta-methyl-6 alpha-carbaprostaglandin I2 (9 beta-methylcarbacyclin;
      ciprostene) from several closely related isomers: (i) a double bond isomer at C
      5, (ii) an epimer at C-15, and (iii) combinations of i and ii. The method uses a
      Zorbax ODS column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-buffer pH 2.5 at
      a ratio of 45:55 for determination of purity and 40:60 for optimum separation of
      isomers. Detection is measurement of absorbance at 200 nm. Peak heights are
      measured relative to butylparaben which is used as an internal standard. The
      method is linear, free from interferences from degradation of ciprostene and has
      a relative standard deviation of 0.5-1% for solutions at 60 micrograms/ml. This
      assay has been applied to bulk powders and solutions of the drug. Stressed
      chemical stability studies have shown that the C-15 allylic secondary alcohol
      group undergoes epimerization under acidic conditions in solution and oxidation
      in the solid and solution state under thermal stress or in the presence of
      oxidants.

PMID- 3886681
TI  - Analysis of membrane proteins by ion-exchange high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 3886682
TI  - Enzyme-antibody conjugation by a heterobifunctional reagent and its application
      in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of hepatitis B
      surface antigen.
AB  - The heterobifunctional reagent 3-(2-pyridyl-dithio)propionate (SPDP) was used to
      prepare defined conjugates composed of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and goat anti
      HBs IgG. The modification of HRP and IgG with SPDP was dependent on both the
      SPDP: protein molar ratio and the pH of the buffer. Conjugates were separated by
      a single affinity chromatographic step using concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B
      equilibrated with 0.1 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4, containing 0.5 M KCl and 1 mM
      EDTA. The conjugate was eluted with 10 or 100 mM alpha-methyl-D-mannoside and
      appropriate pools were made reflecting various HRP/IgG molar ratios. Each pool
      was examined for performance in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HBsAg.
      Conjugate composed of an HRP/IgG molar ratio of 2.5-4 yielded the greatest
      sensitivity.

PMID- 3886683
TI  - Comparative immunoelectron microscopy with monoclonal antibodies on yellow fever
      virus-infected cells: pre-embedding labelling versus immunocryoultramicrotomy.
AB  - To study the intra- and extracellular distribution of yellow fever virus 17D
      (YFV)-specific antigens, pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) and IEM on
      ultrathin frozen sections were carried out comparatively using monoclonal
      antibodies (MAB) and YFV-infected cells. In addition, three electron-dense marker
      systems (IgG-ferritin and IgG-gold and protein A-gold) were compared for their
      efficiency in detecting bound MAB. Pre-embedding immuno-labelling was performed
      in microtest plates followed by in situ embedding and immunocryoultramicrotomy
      was performed using pellets of sucrose-infused cells. In both procedures, cells
      were prefixed with different concentrations of glutaraldehyde (GA). In pre
      embedding IEM virus-specific antigens could be detected on the envelopes of
      extracellular virions with YFV-neutralizing MAB. Using immunocryoultramicrotomy,
      neutralizing MAB bound to intracellular mature virions as well as to viral
      antigens incorporated into cytoplasmic membranes. A concentration of 1% GA
      destroyed antigenicity entirely, while with 0.25% and 0.1% GA immunoreactivity
      was retained for more than 3 mth. Some highly reactive MAB labelled antigen
      significantly in pre-embedding IEM, when used at concentrations of 1 ng/ml.
      Immunocryoultramicrotomy was 10-100 times less sensitive. On cryosections
      colloidal gold was the marker of choice, due to the fact that it showed less
      nonspecific sticking to intracellular components and that it was easily
      detectable on highly contrasted cryosections. Owing to their higher sensitivity,
      IgG-ferritin conjugates were preferred in pre-embedding IEM.

PMID- 3886685
TI  - Immunological consequence of renal transplantation and immunosuppression. I.
      Alterations in human natural killer-cell activity.
AB  - The role and activity of natural killer (NK) cells following renal
      transplantation remain unknown. To monitor NK activity, a 51Cr release of K-562
      targets in prednisone- and azathioprine-treated patients receiving renal
      allografts was utilized. In 18 patients in whom NK activity was measured prior to
      and after transplantation, a significant diminution in NK activity within 3 weeks
      following transplantation was demonstrated compared to pretransplant values
      (34.71 vs 12.20%, respectively; P less than 0.001). In 11 subjects who had NK
      activity assayed at various intervals after transplantation but not prior to
      allografting, mean NK values were markedly lower (mean, 14.2%) than those of
      normal volunteers or patients maintained on hemodialysis (P less than 0.001). The
      latter two control groups demonstrated no difference (P = NS) in mean NK activity
      (39.46 vs 35.82%, respectively). In 5 of the 29 patients evaluated with good long
      term graft function (mean, 2.7 years), restitution of normal NK activity was
      demonstrated. In two patients with bacterial infections, NK activity increased
      from 39.29 to 51.7% and from 13.54 to 20.00%. After infection, these values were
      35.3% in the former and 3.39% in the latter. Viral infection did not appear to
      affect NK activity significantly. NK activity was increased in only one of seven
      patients with documented rejection episodes. In three of such patients, NK
      activity declined significantly following pulse methylprednisolone
      therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3886684
TI  - The role of c-myc in the proliferation of normal and neoplastic cells.

PMID- 3886686
TI  - Determination of the optimum incubation period of blood culture broths for the
      detection of clinically significant septicemia.
AB  - The value of incubating blood culture broths for more than 7 days was analyzed. A
      total of 20,155 blood cultures, consisting of a vented Roche tryptic soy broth (R
      TSB) bottle and an unvented Difco thiol broth bottle, was processed; 2,509
      organisms were recovered in the R-TSB bottles, and 1,865 organisms in the thiol
      bottles. Only 32 organisms isolated in the R-TSB bottles and 10 organisms
      isolated in the thiol bottles were detected after incubation for more than 7
      days; 15 of the 32 isolates in the R-TSB bottles and all 10 of the isolates in
      the thiol bottles were either recovered in other blood cultures or were not
      considered to be clinically significant. Thus, incubation of the R-TSB bottles
      and unvented thiol bottles for more than 7 days is unnecessary for the detection
      of most clinically significant septicemias.

PMID- 3886687
TI  - Rapid, colorimetric method for the detection of microorganisms in blood culture.
AB  - A semiautomated instrument (Septi-Screen) and method are described that
      semiquantify bacteria colorimetrically in blood-inoculated cultures in 2 to 8 h.
      If the blood culture is positive, concentrates (of viable bacteria) are obtained
      free of blood cells. In pediatric cases and in septicemia attributed to
      indwelling catheters where bacteremia is often manifested by high bacterial
      counts, the total time required to obtain bacterial concentrates is only 2 to 3
      h. In brief, at various intervals after inoculation of 10 ml of blood into 100 ml
      of culture fluid, 25-ml blood culture samples are passed through the Septi
      Filter. Erythrocytes and leukocytes pass into the filtrate and are discarded, but
      bacteria are electrostatically retained on the filter surface. The entrapped
      bacteria are backflushed and recovered as a concentrate that is processed through
      a second filter (Septi-Count) for colorimetric quantitation. The bacteria are
      stained, and the filter fibers are decolorized. The color intensity of the filter
      surface is proportional to the number of bacteria in the concentrate processed.
      The total Septi-Screen processing time is 3 to 5 min.

PMID- 3886688
TI  - Microbiological diagnosis of peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - The fast and accurate etiological diagnosis of peritonitis in patients on
      continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is essential. The concentration of
      larger volumes of peritoneal fluids may yield more isolates than conventional
      methods. The removal of antibiotics present in the fluids as a consequence of
      therapy by washing or using antibiotic-removing resins increases the yield
      considerably. The use of anaerobic culture media is justified if fecal organisms
      are suspected as the cause of the infection.

PMID- 3886689
TI  - Bioluminescence screening for bacteriuria.
AB  - A rapid screening test (45 min) for bacteriuria was evaluated in 1,000 clinical
      urine specimens. The test procedure is based upon firefly luciferase analysis of
      bacterial ATP and uses the Lumac kit and Lumac M2010 Biocounter (3M Co., St.
      Paul, Minn.). The procedure allows for removal and destruction of nonbacterial
      ATP and subsequent analysis of bacterial ATP by firefly luciferase with a single
      photon counter. Results, expressed in relative light units, were compared with
      actual CFU by the calibrated loop technique. Sensitivities and specificities were
      calculated separately for clean-catch midstream specimens and for urines obtained
      by catheterization. The sensitivity for 719 clean-catch specimens with a Lumac
      cutoff of greater than or equal to 500 relative light units, representing greater
      than or equal to 10(5) CFU/ml, was 93%. The sensitivity for 281 catheterized
      specimens with a Lumac cutoff of greater than or equal to 200 relative light
      units, representing greater than or equal to 10(4) CFU/ml, was 95%. There were 19
      false-negative results in the 1,000 specimens tested; more than 50% of these were
      contaminated cultures and were not considered significant in determining
      bacteriuria. In conclusion, the Lumac bioluminescence assay is a reliable, rapid
      bacteriuria screening technique with the potential of reducing the laboratory
      cost and for reducing the turnaround time in processing negative urine cultures.

PMID- 3886690
TI  - Comparative evaluation of the API 20S and AutoMicrobic gram-positive
      identification systems for non-beta-hemolytic streptococci and aerococci.
AB  - The API 20S system (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.) and the AutoMicrobic Gram
      Positive Identification system (GPI; Vitek Systems, Hazelwood, Mo.) were
      evaluated for their capacity to identify the non-beta-hemolytic streptococci and
      aerococci to the species level. The 20S system identified 86% (six of seven
      strains) of nonhemolytic group B streptococci, whereas 100% of the same group B
      streptococcal strains were correctly identified by the GPI system. With both
      systems 99% (134 of 135 strains) of four species of group D enterococcus strains
      and 92% (24 of 26 strains) of the Aerococcus spp. strains were identified. The
      20S system identified 84% (41 of 49 strains) of three species of group D non
      enterococcus strains. The GPI system identified 96% of the same group D non
      enterococcus strains. The 20S system identified 84% (190 of 226 strains) of 10
      species of viridans streptococci; however, supplemental conventional tests were
      required to identify 49% (110 of the 226 strains) of the viridans strains to the
      species level. The GPI system identified 79% of the same viridans streptococci
      without the need for supplemental tests. Both systems identified 84% (161 of 192
      strains) of the seven most commonly occurring viridans Streptococcus spp. The 20S
      system identified 82% (75 of 92 strains) and the GPI system identified 84% (54 of
      64 strains) of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID- 3886691
TI  - Comparison of the API rapid E four-hour system with the API 20E overnight system
      for the identification of routine clinical isolates of the family
      Enterobacteriaceae.
AB  - Four hundred forty-one clinical isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae were
      identified in parallel by using the API Rapid E 4-h and the API 20E overnight
      procedures (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.). The results obtained by using
      the API Rapid E were compared with those obtained by using the API 20E.
      Discrepancies were resolved by using standard biochemicals. The API 20E
      identified 98.9% (436 of 441) of the isolates without the use of additional
      biochemicals and was found to be correct in each case of a discrepancy among the
      436 isolates. The API Rapid E gave the same identification as the API 20E for
      94.0% (410 of 436) of the isolates, misidentified 3.0% (13 of 436), and gave a
      correct but low-selectivity answer for the remaining 3.0% (13 of 436). The API
      Rapid E is a suitable alternative for the rapid identification of the
      Enterobacteriaceae.

PMID- 3886692
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of glycolipid antigens for identification of
      mycobacteria.
AB  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays which are based on species- or type-specific
      glycolipids antigens and in which rabbit antisera are prepared with homologous
      strains are capable of distinguishing among serological variants of the
      Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare-Mycobacterium scrofulaceum
      complex, Mycobacterium chelonei subspecies chelonei and abscessus, Mycobacterium
      simiae I and II, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium szulgai, Mycobacterium
      xenopi, and Mycobacterium fortuitum biovariant peregrinum. The immunoreactive
      glycolipids can be divided into two classes. Those resistant to alkali, the C
      mycoside glycopeptidolipids, are present in the M. avium-M. intracellulare-M.
      scrofulaceum, the M. chelonei subspecies chelonei and abscessus, and the M.
      simiae I and II complexes and in M. fortuitum biovariant peregrinum. The alkali
      labile glycolipid antigens, the lipooligosaccharides, are present in M. kansasii,
      M. szulgai, and M. xenopi. In one study, the combination of enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay and alkaline susceptibility was compared with
      seroagglutination in the identification of 60 clinical isolates of nontuberculous
      mycobacteria: 45 showed perfect concordance, 9 could be narrowed to one, two, or
      three possibilities, and the rest did not correspond. In a second study involving
      43 clinical isolates that were untypable by seroagglutination or were
      autoagglutinable, the results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and thin-layer
      chromatography of glycolipid antigens were compared: 21 showed clear concordance.
      The results demonstrate that enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is particularly
      useful in assessing the antigenicity of lipids, and sensitivity, ease, and
      rapidity recommend it as an adjunct to seroagglutination and thin-layer
      chromatography for the identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria.

PMID- 3886693
TI  - Detection of bacteriuria and pyuria within two minutes.
AB  - A study was performed to evaluate two rapid urine screening methods, Bac-T-Screen
      (Marion Laboratories, Inc., Kansas City, Mo.) and Chemstrip LN (Boehringer
      Mannheim Diagnostics, BioDynamics, Indianapolis, Ind.), for their ability to
      screen for bacteriuria and pyuria within 2 min. A total of 1,000 urine specimens
      were tested with the Bac-T-Screen and the Chemstrip LN and compared with a
      semiquantitative plate culture method. Of the 1,000 specimens tested, 249 had
      colony counts of greater than or equal to 10(5) CFU/ml by the culture method. Of
      these, the Bac-T-Screen detected 94.8% (236 of 249) and the Chemstrip LN detected
      84.7% (210 of 249). There were 120 pure cultures of probable pathogens of which
      the Bac-T-Screen detected 97.5% (117 of 120) and the Chemstrip LN detected 91.7%
      (110 of 120). Leukocyte counts were performed on all specimens, and both methods
      have the ability to detect greater than 10 leukocytes per mm3 in a majority
      (greater than 93%) of the specimens. The cost per test for a negative screen is
      approximately $1.30 for the Bac-T-Screen and $0.40 for the Chemstrip LN. Overall
      there is a similar negative predictive value with both methods for bacteriuria
      and pyuria.

PMID- 3886694
TI  - Detection and characterization of serum antitrichomonal antibodies in urogenital
      trichomoniasis.
AB  - Antibodies against Trichomonas vaginalis were detected in serum samples from 98
      patients by three immunological assays. A good correlation was observed between
      the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the immunofluorescence method, whereas
      it was found that the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay correlated better with
      the current or past detection of organisms than did other serological methods
      (immunofluorescence and hemagglutination). Similar results were obtained with
      whole trichomonads and two T. vaginalis soluble antigenic preparations, which
      suggests that immunodominant moieties shared by several T. vaginalis strains were
      detected. The level of antibodies of the immunoglobulin A class was higher in
      patients with past records of trichomoniasis, but less significantly so than the
      total antitrichomonal antibody level. Antibodies of the four immunoglobulin G
      subclasses were detected. Immunoglobulin G1 antibody values were higher in female
      than male patients.

PMID- 3886695
TI  - Studies of metabolites in diarrheal stool specimens containing Shigella species
      by frequency-pulsed electron capture gas-liquid chromatography.
AB  - Eleven diarrheal stool specimens and 10 control stool specimens from Cairo,
      Egypt, were studied by frequency-pulsed electron capture gas-liquid
      chromatography (FPEC-GLC). Four cases involving Shigella sonnei, three cases
      involving Shigella boydii, and four cases involving Shigella flexneri were
      studied. The aqueous stools were centrifuged, extracted with organic solvents,
      and derivatized to form specific electron-capturing derivatives of carboxylic
      acids, alcohols, hydroxy acids, and amines. Analyses were performed on high
      resolution glass columns with an instrument equipped with an extremely sensitive
      electron capture detector that is specific for the detection of electron
      capturing compounds. The diarrheal stools studied had specific FPEC-GLC profiles
      and contained metabolic markers that readily distinguished between the Shigella
      spp. studied and Escherichia coli producing heat-stable or heat-labile
      enterotoxins. S. sonnei stools contained hexanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-4
      methylmethiobutyric acid, and some unidentified alcohols that distinguished this
      organism from other enteric pathogens. S. boydii produced an acid that was unique
      for this species, and S. flexneri produced alcohols that could be used to
      distinguish between it and other enteric organisms. The FPEC-GLC profiles
      obtained during this study were also very different from those reported earlier
      for Clostridium difficile and rotavirus. This study presents further evidence
      that the selectivity and sensitivity of FPEC-GLC techniques can be used to
      rapidly identify causative agents of diarrhea and detect physiological changes
      that occur in the gut during the course of diarrheal illness.

PMID- 3886697
TI  - Adaptation of a coculture technique to the Minitek anaerobe system.
AB  - A method to produce anaerobic conditions by coculture with a nonfermentative
      organism was utilized in conjunction with the Minitek anaerobe system (BBL
      Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) for identification of anaerobic bacteria
      from clinical specimens. With the coculture method, the Minitek anaerobe
      identification tests could be incubated under aerobic conditions. In 1,900
      individual biochemical reactions, 1,826 (96%) were identical whether anaerobic
      conditions were achieved by conventional or coculture techniques. In comparison
      with the reference identification (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State
      University, Blacksburg), both systems of incubation identified 91 of 99 strains
      (92%) correctly. The method of incubation had an effect on identification to the
      genus level in 1 of 99 (1%) strains and to the species level in 3 of 99 (3%)
      strains.

PMID- 3886696
TI  - Survey in Vanuatu on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in children and infants
      with and without acute diarrhea.
AB  - We have studied the incidence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains
      isolated from infants with and without diarrheal diseases in Vanuatu, South
      Pacific. Over a period of 5 months we have isolated enterotoxigenic E. coli
      strains from 29 (26.6%) of 109 children with acute diarrhea and from 13 (21.6%)
      of 60 children of the control group. In the group with diarrhea, 7 (6.4%) strains
      released heat-labile toxin, 7 (6.4%) released heat-stable toxin, and 15 (13.7%)
      produced both heat-labile and heat-stable toxin. In the control group, only one
      strain (1.6%) produced heat-stable toxin, 12 (20%) produced heat-labile toxin,
      and none produced both. Association of strains releasing heat-stable toxin or
      both heat-labile and heat-stable toxin with diarrhea was highly significant as
      shown by statistical analysis. The O serogroups and colonization factors CFA/I
      and CFA/II are presented.

PMID- 3886698
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay of serum beta-2-microglobulin levels in various histological
      forms of leprosy with special reference to its elevation in type I and type II
      lepra reactions.
AB  - The mean beta-2-microglobulin level in serum (3,362 +/- 2,494 micrograms/liter)
      for 76 leprosy patients, including 9 borderline-tuberculoid, 8 borderline
      borderline, 9 borderline-lepromatous, and 16 lepromatous-lepromatous patients and
      34 patients with type I or type II lepra reactions, was significantly higher (P
      less than 0.001) than that (2,122 +/- 1,844 micrograms/liter) for 35 normal
      subjects. It decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) as the disease glided
      down from borderline tuberculoid (3,173 +/- 899 micrograms/liter) to the
      lepromatous end (1,813 +/- 1,391 micrograms/liter). At the onset of type I or
      type II reaction, the mean beta-2-microglobulin level in serum increased (4,447
      +/- 2,863 micrograms/liter), and it remained unchanged (4,433 +/- 2,623
      micrograms/liter) after clinical remission. The beta-2-microglobulin level in
      serum decreased in 55.5% of the patients tested after subsidence of reaction. The
      level was significantly higher in patients with type II reactions (5,433 +/-
      3,299 micrograms/liter) than in patients with type I reactions (3,558 +/- 2,171
      micrograms/liter).

PMID- 3886699
TI  - Osteomyelitis of the ischiopubic synchondrosis.
AB  - Infection of the ischiopubic synchondrosis (IPS) is a diagnostic dilemma. This
      article reviews four such cases. All patients complained of ipsilateral groin
      pain, were febrile, and had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates. Initial
      radiographs were interpreted as normal but later showed increasingly lucent zones
      at the IPS. Radionuclide bone scans demonstrated diffusely increased uptake in
      the vicinity of the IPS. This contrasts with the discrete pattern seen with a
      normal IPS. Blood cultures were positive. Satisfactory outcomes were obtained
      with conservative treatment. Clinical presentation, laboratory results,
      radiographs, and bone scans must be correlated to distinguish this syndrome from
      a "normal radiologic variant".

PMID- 3886700
TI  - Infantile cortical hyperostosis with osteomyelitis of the humerus.
AB  - A case is presented in which a delay in diagnosis and treatment of osteomyelitis
      occurred because of diagnostic confusion between the patient's osteomyelitis and
      his coincident infantile cortical hyperostosis.

PMID- 3886701
TI  - Congenital diastasis of the inferior tibiofibular joint: a review of the
      literature and report of two cases.
AB  - Congenital inferior tibiofibular diastasis is a rare condition of unknown
      etiology, possibly a form of tibial hypoplasia, marked by a clinical triad of
      talipes equinovarus, ankle diastasis, and limb length inequality. An analysis of
      10 cases reported previously is given with two additional examples. Ankle mortise
      reconstitution and clubfoot correction by surgery have been the basis of
      treatment. We present two cases in which no ankle reconstruction was done with
      good results. Syme amputation is considered for cases with severe tibial
      shortening. Prognosis for a plantigrade foot is encouraging if limb length
      inequality is corrected operatively or non-operatively as indicated.

PMID- 3886702
TI  - Relationship between insulin-mediated glucose disposal and lipid metabolism in
      man.
AB  - To assess the possible effects of lipid metabolism on insulin-mediated glucose
      disposal, 18 nondiabetic Pima Indian women (age 18-35 yr) were studied using 1
      14C-palmitate infusion to measure free fatty acid turnover rate followed by a
      euglycemic clamp (clamp) to measure in vivo insulin-mediated glucose disposal
      (M). Indirect calorimetry was performed in the basal state and during the clamp.
      This was used to assess glucose oxidation rate, lipid oxidation rate, and to
      calculate nonoxidative glucose disposal (storage). Basal and clamp lipid
      oxidation rate correlated with basal plasma free fatty acid concentration (r =
      0.81, P less than or equal to 0.0001, r = 0.67, P less than 0.003, respectively).
      The fall in lipid oxidation was highly correlated with the increase in glucose
      oxidation during the insulin infusion (r = 0.96, P less than or equal to 0.0001).
      The clamp lipid oxidation rate negatively correlated with the glucose oxidation
      rate (r = -0.85, P less than 0.0001) and with the M value (r = -0.60, P less than
      0.01) but was not correlated with the clamp glucose storage (r = -0.2, P = 0.4).
      On the other hand, glucose storage appeared to make a greater contribution to the
      difference in M value between the upper and lower extremes of M than did glucose
      oxidation, as evidenced by an increase in glucose storage of 0.59 mg/kg fat-free
      mass times minute per 1 mg/kg fat-free mass times minute increase in glucose
      disposal. The M value was negatively correlated with obesity as measured by
      percent body fat (r = -0.64, P less than 0.004), but neither basal free fatty
      acid concentration, basal free fatty acid turnover, basal lipid oxidation, nor
      clamp lipid oxidation correlated with percent body fat. We conclude that an
      interaction of lipid and glucose metabolism in a glucose fatty acid cycle, as
      proposed by Randle et al. (1), may be operative in the regulation of glucose
      oxidation in man. The disposal of glucose however has two components. The storage
      component does not appear to be associated with lipid oxidation in the way that
      the oxidative component is and may be regulated by a different mechanism. Since
      the results show that the glucose storage component plays a significant role in
      distinguishing between those with low and high M values, we suggest that the
      glucose fatty acid cycle can, at best, only partially explain impaired in vivo
      insulin-mediated glucose disposal. Furthermore, the data suggest that the impact
      of obesity on in vivo insulin resistance appears to be mediated by factors other
      than changes in lipid availability or metabolism.

PMID- 3886703
TI  - Functional role of thromboxane production by acutely rejecting renal allografts
      in rats.
AB  - We investigated the role of thromboxane in mediating the reduction in renal
      function and renal blood flow characteristic of acute renal allograft rejection.
      We transplanted kidneys from Lewis rats to Brown-Norway recipients. By the third
      day after transplantation, histologic changes that were consistent with cellular
      rejection occurred in the kidney. These changes were associated with a moderate
      reduction in renal function. By day 6, histologic changes of rejection were
      advanced and included interstitial and perivascular infiltration by mononuclear
      cells. The clearances of inulin and para-aminohippuric acid were also markedly
      reduced. As renal function deteriorated, thromboxane B2 (TXB2) production by ex
      vivo perfused renal allografts increased progressively from 2 to 6 d after
      transplantation. However, prostaglandin (PG) E2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha production
      remained essentially unchanged. There was a significant inverse correlation
      between the in vivo clearance of inulin and the log of ex vivo TXB2 production.
      Infusion of the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor UK-37248-01 into the renal
      artery of 3-d allografts significantly decreased urinary TXB2 excretion and
      significantly increased renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate
      (GFR). Although renal function improved significantly after the acute
      administration of UK-37248-01, GFR and RBF did not exceed 33 and 58% of native
      control values, respectively. In other animals, daily treatment with
      cyclophosphamide improved the clearances of inulin and para-aminohippuric acid
      and reduced thromboxane production by 6-d renal allografts. These studies
      demonstrate that histologic evidence of rejection is associated with increased
      renal thromboxane production. Inhibition of thromboxane synthetase improves renal
      function in 3-d allografts. Cytotoxic therapy improves renal function, reduces
      mononuclear cell infiltration, and decreases allograft thromboxane production.
      Thus, the potent vasoconstrictor thromboxane A2 may play a role in the impairment
      of renal function and renal blood flow during acute allograft rejection.

PMID- 3886704
TI  - Evidence for reduced thermic effect of insulin and glucose infusions in Pima
      Indians.
AB  - Several authors have reported a reduced thermic effect of food in obese subjects.
      The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique has been used to measure one
      component of the thermic effect of food, insulin and insulin-mediated glucose
      disposal. We used this technique to measure the thermic responses to insulin and
      glucose infusions in 120 glucose-tolerant Pima Indians, a population with a high
      prevalence of obesity. During high-dose insulin infusions (400 mU/m2 per min) the
      measured increase in energy expenditure (MEE), 150 +/- 6 cal/min, was greater
      than the predicted increase in energy expenditure (PEE), 72 +/- 2 cal/min, for
      glucose storage as glycogen. During low-dose insulin infusions (40 mU/m2 per min)
      the mean MEE, 6 +/- 5 cal/min, was not significantly different from zero and was
      not greater than the mean PEE, 9 +/- 1 cal/min. These data were in contrast to
      results obtained from Caucasians by others and suggested a markedly reduced
      thermic effect of low-dose insulin and glucose infusions in Pima Indians. We also
      studied 23 glucose-tolerant male Caucasians and compared their results with the
      results from male Indians matched for glucose storage rates and obesity. The
      results showed that the thermic response to insulin and glucose infusions was
      similar in the two racial groups during high-dose insulin infusions but was
      markedly reduced in the Indians compared with the Caucasians during low-dose
      insulin infusions.

PMID- 3886705
TI  - Widespread presence of cytoplasmic HBcAg in hepatitis B infected liver detected
      by improved immunochemical methods.
AB  - Cytoplasmic and cell membrane associated hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) were
      found to be more widespread within infected liver using indirect
      immunofluorescence on frozen sections than with the widely used direct
      immunofluorescence method. Fixation of frozen sections with carbon tetrachloride
      improved tissue histology without reducing the sensitivity of antigen detection.
      In tissue blocks fixed with formalin or ethanol-acetic acid, detection of HBcAg
      was reduced in comparison with frozen sections, and many cells containing low
      concentrations of (usually cytoplasmic and membranous) HBcAg could not be
      identified even using indirect immunofluorescence or peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      reactions. In contrast, intracellular hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was
      well detected in fixed sections, but membrane associated HBsAg was not detectable
      after fixation.

PMID- 3886706
TI  - The effect of tolmetin on the chronic pain and decreased functional capacity
      associated with degenerative joint disease.
AB  - Degenerative joint disease (DJD) is a common disorder characterized by chronic
      pain and limitation of activity, for which treatment with a nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory drug (NSAID) is often useful. The anti-inflammatory activity of the
      NSAID tolmetin sodium has been well described, being comparable in efficacy to
      indomethacin and effective for the relief of the acute and chronic symptoms that
      accompany DJD. To examine specifically the effect of tolmetin in controlling the
      pain and functional limitation in DJD of the spine, tolmetin was tested against
      placebo in a double-blind, two-segment, crossover study. Twenty-six patients
      (mean age, 62.5 years; range, 42-79 years) received three weeks of tolmetin 1,200
      mg/d and three weeks of placebo. The results showed that tolmetin provided
      significantly greater relief of symptoms than placebo in virtually all
      measurements of joint pain and stiffness: tenderness, pain at rest, pain on
      motion, intensity of joint pain (P less than 0.001), and duration of morning
      stiffness (P = 0.002). Statistically significant improvement was noted in two of
      the three measures of cervical range of motion (P less than or equal to 0.01) and
      in all assessments of daily living activities (P = 0.001 in four parameters; P =
      0.02 in a fifth parameter). Global evaluations of response to treatment by both
      patients and investigator also demonstrated significant effects (P less than or
      equal to 0.002). Significantly more placebo patients (13 of 26) than tolmetin
      patients (two of 26) found the medication ineffective and discontinued treatment
      prematurely (P = 0.01). No serious or limiting adverse reactions were seen during
      placebo or tolmetin therapy. The most frequently reported side effects on both
      therapies were gastrointestinal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3886707
TI  - The influence of liver dysfunction on the pharmacokinetics of carprofen.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of the investigational agent carprofen were examined in 12
      patients with liver dysfunction (hepatic cirrhosis) and in six normal volunteers
      following single 100-mg oral administration of carprofen. In addition, three
      patients with acute hepatitis received a single 100-mg dose during the acute
      phase of the disease, and two of these patients received the same dose after they
      had convalesced. The pharmacokinetic parameters and urinary excretion data did
      not differ significantly (P greater than 0.05) between patients with hepatic
      cirrhosis and healthy volunteers. The mean +/- SD area under plasma concentration
      time curve and apparent oral plasma clearance values were 57.8 +/- 11.7
      micrograms X h/mL and 30.0 +/- 6.3 mL/min, respectively, in patients and 52.4 +/-
      11.3 micrograms X h/mL and 33.1 +/- 7.2 mL/min in normals. The respective
      harmonic mean elimination half-lives were 10.5 and 9.4 hours. The 0-24 hour
      urinary recovery of intact drug and the glucuronide conjugate were 7.0 +/- 4.9%
      and 28.9 +/- 11.0%, respectively, in patients compared to 5.5 +/- 7.1% and 20.1
      +/- 12.3% in normal subjects. The results of this study showed that liver
      dysfunction (hepatic cirrhosis) had no effect on the pharmacokinetic profile of
      carprofen. In the two patients with acute hepatitis who completed the study, the
      results suggest that the apparent oral clearance of carprofen may increase during
      the acute phase of the disease.

PMID- 3886708
TI  - Correlation of plasma levels of nifedipine and cardiovascular effects after
      sublingual dosing in normal subjects.
AB  - Only limited work has been reported about the relationships of cardiovascular
      effects and plasma concentrations of the calcium-channel blocker nifedipine. In
      this study, placebo and nifedipine in 10-, 20-, 30-, and 40-mg doses were
      administered sublingually to ten normal subjects with at least three days between
      dosing periods. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored every 30 minutes for
      two hours, and blood samples were taken after each measurement for determination
      of plasma nifedipine concentration by a sensitive and specific gas
      chromatographic method. Systolic blood pressure fell significantly (P less than
      0.05) although briefly after 10 mg, but the effect persisted with larger doses.
      Diastolic blood pressure fell significantly only after 30- or 40-mg dosing. Heart
      rate increased significantly after all doses of nifedipine with the effect
      lasting longer with higher doses. Systolic blood pressure measurements were
      significantly related to the log of the concurrently measured plasma nifedipine
      concentrations (r = -.82, P less than 0.001). Diastolic blood pressure was also
      related to log nifedipine concentration (r = -.69, P less than 0.01). Heart rate,
      too, was linearly related to the log of nifedipine plasma levels (r = .75, P less
      than 0.001). These data indicate that the hemodynamic effects observed after
      acute nifedipine administration may be used to estimate whether or not
      significant quantities of the drug are being absorbed and that the intensity of
      the hemodynamic effects may, therefore, serve as a bioassay to evaluate the
      appearance of drug in plasma in therapeutic quantities.

PMID- 3886709
TI  - Assessment of the potential pharmacokinetic interaction between digoxin and
      ethmozine.
AB  - The potential for a pharmacokinetic interaction between the investigational
      antiarrhythmic drug ethmozine (moricizine HCl, the generic name that is
      infrequently used in existing literature) and digoxin was evaluated in nine
      healthy male adults. Serum and urinary digoxin concentrations were measured by
      radioimmunoassay following intravenous digoxin administration before and during
      steady-state ethmozine dosing. Plasma ethmozine levels following a single oral
      dose were measured before and after a single intravenous dose of digoxin. A mean
      elimination half-life of 45.6 hours was determined for digoxin alone, compared to
      43.1 hours in combination with ethmozine. Average values for digoxin systemic
      clearance, apparent volume of distribution, and renal clearance were 2.87
      mL/min/kg, 11.3 L/kg, and 2.44 mL/min/kg, respectively for digoxin alone,
      compared to 3.01 mL/min/kg, 11.3 L/kg, and 2.64 mL/min/kg, respectively for
      digoxin with ethmozine. A mean half-life of 2.0 hours was determined for
      ethmozine alone, compared with 1.8 hours following a single intravenous dose of
      digoxin. No change was observed in the oral pharmacokinetics of ethmozine
      following a single intravenous dose of digoxin, as indicated by the area under
      the plasma concentration versus time curve, Cmax or Tmax. These findings suggest
      that no pharmacokinetic interaction occurs when single intravenous doses of
      digoxin are co-administered with multiple oral doses of ethmozine.

PMID- 3886710
TI  - The uricosuric effect of oxaprozin in humans.
AB  - The effects of oxaprozin, a new investigational propionic acid analogue, and
      indomethacin on uric acid metabolism were compared in 12 healthy volunteers
      receiving either agent, first as a single dose and then daily for seven days.
      While indomethacin did not alter either serum or urinary uric acid values,
      oxaprozin caused a fall in serum uric acid levels from 5.8 +/- 0.2 mg/dL to 4.8
      +/- 0.4 mg/dL (P less than 0.01). Urinary uric acid excretion rose from a
      baseline of 673 +/- 47 mg to 825 +/- 66 mg/24 h by day 7 of treatment (P less
      than 0.01). Since oxaprozin was associated with no change in glomerular
      filtration rate in these studies, the hypouricemic effect of oxaprozin is most
      likely a result of its direct uricosuric action. Because indomethacin and
      oxaprozin both are inhibitors of urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion, the data
      suggest that prostaglandin inhibition per se is not associated with changes in
      uric acid excretion.

PMID- 3886711
TI  - Therapeutic initiatives for the avoidance of aminoglycoside toxicity.
AB  - Aminoglycosides continue to be indispensable in the management of serious and
      life-threatening aerobic gram-negative infections. On an annual basis in the
      United States, they are used in the management of four million patients. Despite
      their clinical utility, they continue to manifest a high profile of toxic side
      effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity with the rare occurrence of
      neuromuscular toxicity. Animal experimental models have been invaluable in
      elucidating the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which aminoglycosides damage the
      kidney and the inner ear. However, it is from clinical therapeutic experience and
      prospective clinical trials that we have been able to solidly define the risk
      factors that accentuate the development of aminoglycoside-related toxicity. The
      clinical toxicity of these agents can be kept to a minimum by ensuring the use of
      an appropriate dose, for periods of time not exceeding nine to ten days, in a
      well-hydrated, normokalemic patient. Special subpopulation groups such as the
      elderly, the obese, those with preexisting renal disease, or patients who need
      the concurrent use of other nephrotoxins, require special care in the monitoring
      of their aminoglycoside therapy to ensure a safe and effective clinical outcome.

PMID- 3886713
TI  - The admissibility of positive EMIT results as scientific evidence: counting
      facts, not heads.

PMID- 3886712
TI  - Tolerance and percutaneous absorption of topically applied arildone.
AB  - Arildone, an investigational antiviral agent, was compared to both its vanishing
      cream and 90% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution vehicles to determine cutaneous
      and systemic tolerance as well as percutaneous absorption. In separate studies,
      immunosuppressed patients randomly received either arildone in vanishing cream
      (study 1), arildone in DMSO solution (study 2), or the vehicles without arildone.
      Test formulations were applied to the same area of one forearm four times daily
      for seven days. Blood, urine, and fecal samples were collected on days 1, 4, and
      7, and patients were observed daily. Arildone was sporadically detected in
      biologic specimens suggesting limited percutaneous absorption. Unexpectedly, DMSO
      did not appear to enhance absorption of the drug. No clinical or laboratory
      evidence of systemic intolerance was observed for any preparation. While
      cutaneous tolerance was excellent for the vanishing cream preparations, the DMSO
      preparations were associated with a high (90%) incidence of erythematous
      reactions.

PMID- 3886714
TI  - The clinical spectrum of panic attacks.
AB  - Current psychiatric nosologies associate recurrent panic attacks mainly with
      panic disorder, and agoraphobia with panic attacks, circumscribing their clinical
      relevance to the anxiety group of diagnosis. Through selected clinical
      presentations and a literature review the authors propose the existence of a
      cross-syndromal panic-anxiety represented by the recurrent panic attack that
      crosses the borders of any single group of diagnosis. This concept is of
      relevance for clinical psychiatry and may also constitute an important source of
      variance in psychiatric research.

PMID- 3886715
TI  - Cholinergic projections from the basal forebrain to the basolateral amygdaloid
      complex: a combined retrograde fluorescent and immunohistochemical study.
AB  - We have examined the location of cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons that
      project to the rat basolateral amygdaloid nucleus by using choline
      acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry in combination with retrograde
      fluorescent tracing on the same tissue section. Since many tracer-and ChAT
      positive neurons were identified in basal forebrain areas, including the ventral
      pallidum, we also stained many of the sections for glutamate decarboxylase, a
      suitable marker for the delineation of pallidal areas. Cholinergic neurons
      projecting to the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus were observed in a continuous
      territory stretching from the dorsal part of ventral pallidum, through
      sublenticular substantia innominata to ventral parts of globus pallidus and
      peripallidal areas. Non-cholinergic neurons projecting to the basolateral
      amygdaloid nucleus were found intermixed within the same structures and
      constitute approximately 25% of the amygdalopetal projection neurons in these
      ventral forebrain structures. Since amygdalopetal cholinergic neurons were
      demonstrated in areas generally recognized as giving rise to cholinergic
      projections to cerebral cortex, several retrograde double-labeling experiments
      with two different fluorescent tracers were performed for the purpose of
      detecting the possible existence of collateral projections. The results obtained
      showed that the cholinergic basal forebrain neurons in general project to only
      one forebrain region, and, furthermore, that the cholinergic system consists of
      partially overlapping subsets of neurons that project to various neocortical and
      allocortical areas and to the amygdaloid body.

PMID- 3886716
TI  - Serotoninlike immunoreactivity in the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta.
AB  - Serotoninlike immunoreactivity in the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta was studied at
      the light microscope level by using an antibody specific to serotonin. The
      rostellum, the cerebral ganglia and commissure, and the strobila contained
      numerous process-free, unipolar and multipolar serotoninlike immunoreactive
      cells. The suckers contained a plexus of branching immunoreactive fibers. In the
      strobila the multipolar cell bodies were situated laterodorsal and lateroventral
      to the longitudinal nerve cords, from which neurites were directed to the
      contralateral and ipsilateral nerve cord to form up to three transverse
      commissures per proglottid. Secondary varicose branches passed anteriorly,
      posteriorly, and obliquely along the proglottids at the level of the deep
      longitudinal muscles. Other varicose multi-branching neurites passed
      centrifugally from the primary and secondary neurites, forming vertebratelike en
      passant or terminal varicosities on the deep longitudinal muscles with bulbous or
      spinose terminals at the level of the superficial longitudinal muscles, or in the
      cortical parenchyma. Serotoninlike immunoreactivity was seen on the external
      seminal vesicle, the sphincter and cirrus sac, and the proximal portion of the
      vagina. Varicose terminals were concentrated at the sphincter. The close
      association of serotoninlike immunoreactive terminals and varicosities with the
      longitudinal muscles gives credence to the concept that serotonin functions as a
      neuromuscular transmitter or modulator in the platyhelminths.

PMID- 3886717
TI  - Possible target neurons of 5-hydroxytryptamine fibers in the lamprey spinal cord:
      immunohistochemistry combined with intracellular staining with Lucifer yellow.
AB  - Intracellular recordings were made from 76 neurons belonging to various cell
      types in the lamprey spinal cord, and these neurons were subsequently stained
      with Lucifer yellow. Sections were made of spinal cords containing Lucifer-yellow
      filled neurons, and in the same sections 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-containing
      neurons and fibers were made visible with immunohistochemical methods.
      Motoneurons and lateral cells appeared to send part of their dendrites into a
      dense ventromedial 5-HT plexus, and these dendrites were adjacent to 5-HT
      varicosities. No or few 5-HT varicosities have been found adjacent to cell bodies
      or dendrites of sensory dorsal cells, giant interneurons, and edge cells. The
      combined application of intracellular staining and immunohistochemistry appeared
      to be suited to screen for possible transmitter-identified contacts on
      morphologically identified neurons.

PMID- 3886718
TI  - GABA neurons in the superficial layers of the rat dorsal cochlear nucleus: light
      and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry.
AB  - This article is an application of light and electron microscopic
      immunocytochemistry to the study of the neuronal circuit of the superficial
      layers in the rat dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN). An antiserum against the
      intrinsic marker glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) is used to identify and map axon
      terminals and neurons that use gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a
      neurotransmitter. It is demonstrated that layers 1 and 2 of the DCN contain a
      very high density of GABAergic boutons, matched only by the granule cell domains
      of the ventral cochlear nucleus, especially the superficial granule cell domain.
      These two layers also contain much higher concentrations of GABAergic cell bodies
      than all other magnocellular regions of the cochlear nuclear complex. Cartwheel
      and stellate neurons, and probably also Golgi cells, previously characterized in
      Golgi and electron microscopic investigations, appear immunostained and,
      therefore, are presumably inhibitory. The synaptic relations between parallel
      fibers, the axons of granule cells, and cartwheel and stellate neurons are
      confirmed. The present study also supports the conclusion that stellate cells are
      coupled to one another by gap junctions. Also scattered in layer 1 are large,
      GABAergic neurons that occur with irregular frequency and presumably represent
      displaced Purkinje cells, previously identified with a Purkinje-cell-specific
      marker. Granule neurons and pyramidal neurons remain unstained, even after
      topical injection of colchicine, which enhances immunostaining of the other
      glutamate-decarboxylase-positive cells, and therefore must use transmitters
      different from GABA. The possible analogies between the spiny cartwheel and the
      aspiny stellate cells of the DCN and the cerebellar Purkinje and stellate/basket
      cells are discussed in the light of data from Golgi, electron microscopy, and
      transmitter imunocytochemistry.

PMID- 3886719
TI  - Electron microscopy of Merkel cell carcinoma from formalin-fixed tissue.
AB  - Merkel cell carcinomas have characteristic, but not pathognomonic,
      histomorphologic features. The diagnosis can be confirmed by immunohistochemistry
      studies and electron microscopy. However, differential diagnostic problems often
      occur only after all tumor material has been fixed in formalin and embedded in
      paraffin, which gives poor tissue preservation for electron microscopy.
      Therefore, in addition to histologic and immunohistochemical studies, parallel
      ultrastructural investigations were performed on tumor specimens fixed in
      glutaraldehyde and routinely processed, for electron microscopy, on formalin
      fixed tissue and on formalin-fixed paraffin blocks. Formalin fixation led to an
      almost complete loss of neurosecretory granules and cell membranes; however, the
      characteristic paranuclear whorls of intermediate filaments were retained in all
      tumors. Merkel cell carcinomas are immunoreactive for neuron-specific enolase
      (NSE), but NSE-antisera have only recently become commercially available.
      Cytokeratin is demonstrable as a paranuclear clump, and this feature was found in
      four out of six tumors. Thus histologic, immunohistochemical, and electron
      microscopy studies of formalin-fixed tissue are able to confirm the diagnosis of
      neuroendocrine Merkel cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3886720
TI  - Onycholysis of the fingernails: evaluation and management.
AB  - Onycholysis (ONY) of the fingernails is a common disorder that is diagnosed with
      ease but often managed with great difficulty. The full spectrum of causes is
      broad and not always readily apparent. In this review, an approach to the
      evaluation and management of ONY is offered.

PMID- 3886721
TI  - Hemorrhagic bullae associated with Morganella morganii septicemia.
AB  - To our knowledge this is the first case of hemorrhagic bullae caused by
      Morganella morganii septicemia. The presence of organisms in the bullae,
      demonstrated by Gram strain and culture, and the acral location of the bullae
      suggest that the skin lesions were due directly to blood-borne infection.
      Multiple factors predisposed this patient to gram-negative bacteremia, including
      lymphoma, chemotherapy, neutropenia, systemic steroids, multiple
      hospitalizations, and treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics.

PMID- 3886722
TI  - Econazole 1% in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor in Zambia.

PMID- 3886723
TI  - Syphilus.
AB  - This paper recounts the history of the origin of the term syphilis and presents a
      partial translation of Fracastoro's poem, Syphilis, Sive Morbus Gallicus, wherein
      the word first appeared. The circumstances of the first known great epidemic of
      syphilis are told.

PMID- 3886724
TI  - Double-blind crossover study comparing doxepin with diphenhydramine for the
      treatment of chronic urticaria.
AB  - Fifty patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria were studied to compare
      responses to treatment with doxepin (10 mg three times a day) and with
      diphenhydramine (25 mg three times a day). All patients had an evaluation that
      failed to disclose a cause for their disease. Therapeutic response was assessed
      according to the suppression of symptoms and symptom diary scores of daily
      itching and frequency, number, size, and duration of hives. Total clearing of the
      pruritus and urticarial lesions occurred in 43% of the patients while receiving
      doxepin and in only 5% while receiving diphenhydramine (p less than 0.001).
      Partial or total control of the pruritus and hives was noted in 74% of the
      patients receiving doxepin and in only 10% of those receiving diphenhydramine (p
      less than 0.001). Doxepin induced markedly less sedation (22%) than
      diphenhydramine (46%) (p less than 0.05). Dermatopathologic categories included
      (1) urticaria simplex, (2) lymphocytic urticaria, and (3) leukocytoclastic
      urticaria. Patients with urticaria simplex had a more favorable response to
      doxepin than the two other groups.

PMID- 3886725
TI  - Focal fat necrosis presenting as a palpable abdominal mass: CT evaluation.
AB  - We report an unusual case in which the coalescence of fat necrosis foci produced
      a palpable abdominal mass. Hence, focal fat necrosis should be included in the
      differential diagnosis of abdominal masses in patients with a history of
      pancreatitis.

PMID- 3886726
TI  - Computed tomography of retroperitoneal castleman disease (plasma cell type) with
      sonographic and angiographic correlation.
AB  - The CT and sonographic appearances of a case of retroperitoneal Castleman disease
      of the plasma cell type are reported along with angiographic correlation. In this
      case CT demonstrated a minimally calcified homogeneously enhancing
      retroperitoneal mass. Sonography showed the mass to be hypoechoic with good
      through transmission. The lesion was hypervascular with prominent early venous
      drainage on inferior mesenteric arteriography.

PMID- 3886727
TI  - Role of oxygen radicals in the bacteriostatic effect of whey and production of
      bacterial growth by free radical scavengers.
AB  - The involvement of toxic oxygen intermediates in the bacteriostatic effect of
      milk was determined by producing bacterial growth curves using turbidimetry in
      the presence and absence of oxygen radical-scavenging substances. Using whey as
      substrate, catalase, haemoglobin combined with ascorbic acid and xanthine oxidase
      inhibitors all provided protection against oxygen toxicity for a strain of
      Staphylococcus aureus and of Streptococcus agalactiae. Superoxide dismutase and
      mannitol were less effective. This was evident in whey alone and in the presence
      of oxygen radicals produced exogenously by the t-butylhydroperoxide, H2O2 and
      xanthine/xanthine oxidase systems.

PMID- 3886728
TI  - Isolation and characterization of heat stable proteinases from Pseudomonas
      isolate AFT 21.
AB  - Pseudomonas strain AFT 21 produced three heat stable extracellular proteinases in
      milk and nutrient broth at 7 or 21 degrees C, but the proportions depended on
      medium and cultivation temperature. The three proteinases were EDTA- and o
      phenanthroline-sensitive metalloenzymes and were not inhibited by N
      ethylmaleimide or phosphoramidon. Proteinases I and II showed maximum activity at
      pH 7-7.5 and proteinase III at pH 8.5. All three enzymes showed maximum activity
      at 45-47.5 degrees C, but had relatively high (19-27% of maximum) activity at 4
      degrees C. They were unstable at 55 degrees C in phosphate buffer, pH 6.6, or
      synthetic milk ultrafiltrate (SMUF) containing 12 mmol Ca2+, but were stabilized
      by short preheating at 100 degrees C. They were extremely heat stable in both
      phosphate buffer and SMUF, pH 6.6, at 70-150 degrees C. Their D-values at 140
      degrees C were 69, 54 and 80 s respectively. The Z-values for Pseudomonas AFT 21
      proteinase III in phosphate buffer and SMUF were 29.7 and 30.3 degrees C
      respectively; the corresponding activation energies for inactivation were 8.7 x
      10(4) J mol-1 and 9.2 X 10(4) J mol-1.

PMID- 3886729
TI  - Delinquency prevention in the 1980s.
AB  - Current American delinquency prevention strategies adopted by the federal Office
      of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention emphasize trying to change
      organizations (especially schools) rather than individuals. Similarly, the report
      by Rutter and Giller to the Home Office and the Department of Health and Social
      Security advocates changes in the school, the area, the community or the physical
      environment. It is argued here that it is just as plausible to locate the causes
      of delinquency in the individual as in the environment, and that there is good
      reason to expect delinquency prevention efforts targeted on individuals to be
      successful. Pre-school early intervention programmes designed to increase
      intellectual ability are especially desirable.

PMID- 3886730
TI  - Glucagon, insulin, growth hormone, and glucose concentrations in blood plasma of
      lactating dairy cows.
AB  - Concentrations of glucose, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon in blood plasma
      relative to days in milk, milk production, type of housing, and season were
      measured. Blood samples were obtained from 133 to 150 lactating Holstein cows on
      3 consecutive days in July, October, January, and April. Glucose, insulin, and
      ratio of insulin to glucagon increased with increasing days in milk. Growth
      hormone and ratio of growth hormone to insulin decreased with increasing days in
      milk. Glucagon concentrations were similar throughout lactation. Above average
      milk production throughout lactation was associated with above average glucagon,
      lower insulin, and lower glucose. The relationship was not significant between
      growth hormone concentration and milk production, however. Cows on summer pasture
      with limited grain supplement had higher growth hormone and lower glucose,
      insulin, and glucagon than cows eating ad libitum in barns or feedlot. In
      general, however, all cows had higher glucose and lower growth hormone, insulin,
      and ratio of insulin to glucagon in July than in cooler months.

PMID- 3886731
TI  - Glucagon, insulin, growth hormone, and some blood metabolites during energy
      restriction ketonemia of lactating cows.
AB  - Six Holstein cows were sampled hourly for 24 h for plasma concentrations of
      hormones and metabolites. Cows were sampled at about 2 wk prepartum, at 3 wk
      postpartum, during a ketonemia induced by feed restriction to 54% of ad libitum
      intake, and after a recovery period. They were fed long alfalfa hay postpartum.
      The onset of lactation caused concentrations of growth hormone, glucagon,
      acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and total amino acids of plasma to increase
      and those of glucose and insulin to decrease. Feed restriction exacerbated
      changes at 3 wk postpartum except for total amino acids and glucagon, which both
      decreased to prepartal concentrations. Resumption of ad libitum feeding caused
      most hormones and metabolites to return to prepartum concentrations. Diurnal
      variations in response to feeding twice daily were most evident for growth
      hormone, free fatty acids, and total amino acids. The 3-wk postpartum and
      ketonemic periods gave the greatest responses to feeding. Molar ratios of insulin
      to glucagon and insulin to growth hormone tended to decrease at 3 wk postpartum
      and decreased further in ketonemia, demonstrating hormonal adaptations to
      decreased energy intake during lactation. Lactation ketosis results from more
      than severe energy deficit.

PMID- 3886732
TI  - Efficacy evaluation of two new teat dip formulations under experimental
      challenge.
AB  - Two new teat dip formulations were evaluated against Streptococcus agalactiae and
      Staphylococcus aureus in half-udder, experimental challenge studies. The first
      product contained a combination of 1.9% linear dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid -
      .55% iodophor. Incidence of infection was reduced 52.7 and 70.7% for
      Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus in dipped quarters compared to
      undipped controls. The second formulation was a barrier-type product consisting
      of milk protein solubilized with lauryl sulfate, a surface active detergent and
      4.8% glycerin. Rates of infection were reduced 60.3 and 67.9% for Streptococcus
      agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 3886733
TI  - Lactogenic hormones: binding sites, mammary growth, secretory cell
      differentiation, and milk biosynthesis in ruminants.
AB  - Roles of the lactogenic hormones prolactin and placental lactogen in mammary
      development in ruminants were reviewed. In contrast with other ruminants, failure
      to detect lactogenic activity in the serum of pregnant cows (in excess of that
      attributed to prolactin) suggests that placental lactogen may have little direct
      effect on mammary growth or lactogenesis. However, replacement and ablation
      experiments using ergocryptine provide definitive evidence that increased
      periparturient secretion of prolactin is necessary for maximal milk production in
      cattle. Quantitative microscopy indicates a relative failure of mammary cells in
      cows with inhibited secretion of prolactin to differentiate structurally.
      Prolactin induces synthesis and secretion of alpha-lactalbumin in prepartum
      bovine mammary tissue. Temporary disruption of mammary microtubules immediately
      prepartum in pregnant heifers reduced subsequent milk production, biosynthetic
      capacity, and cellular differentiation. For maximal milk production, mammary
      secretory cells apparently must respond to lactogenic hormone stimulation during
      the immediate periparturient period. Colchicine may desensitize the mammary
      epithelium to prolactin action. Membrane binding of radiolabeled human growth
      hormone to ruminant mammary gland provides a measure of lactogenic hormone
      binding sites. Specific binding to 600 micrograms of mammary membrane protein was
      296% greater in lactating, compared with nonlactating, pregnant (65 days of
      gestation) ewes. Binding capacity (fmol/mg membrane protein) averaged 275 +/- 57
      in mammary membranes from nonlactating, pregnant ewes (100 days gestation, n = 2)
      and 2,325 +/- 521 in mammary membranes from lactating ewes (n = 6, 14 to 21 days
      postpartum). Greater understanding of hormonal regulation of the ruminant mammary
      gland likely will result in development of techniques to produce milk more
      efficiently and perhaps capability to evaluate production potential of young
      animals.

PMID- 3886734
TI  - "Trade unionism for doctors: an idea whose time has come" by Sanford A. Marcus.
      ASDC forum.

PMID- 3886735
TI  - New immunological approaches to studying the odontoblast.
AB  - The use of specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies as probes to study
      odontoblast morphology, function, and differentiation has received relatively
      little attention. The extent of the odontoblast processes in human and rat teeth
      is one question that we have approached recently by utilizing antibodies specific
      for intracellular elements, i.e., the cytoskeleton. Indirect immunofluorescence
      on both paraffin-embedded thin sections and surface-demineralized collagenase
      digested whole mounts has indicated that the odontoblast process does extend to
      the dentino-enamel junction. By using other antibodies which recognize intra- and
      extracellular components, or antibodies which recognize unique antigens expressed
      at the cell surface of the odontoblast or its precursor cells, many more precise
      molecular details of odontoblast form and function would become accessible for
      analysis.

PMID- 3886736
TI  - Vascular architecture of dog pulp using corrosion resin cast examined under a
      scanning electron microscope.

PMID- 3886737
TI  - Professional ethics in dentistry: the PEDNET bibliography.

PMID- 3886738
TI  - [Cholinesterases of the sweat glands in mammals: nerves, cells and secretion].

PMID- 3886739
TI  - [2 theories of the loss and recovery of the regenerative capacity of the limbs in
      vertebrates].

PMID- 3886740
TI  - Alternative modes of ventilation. Part I. Disadvantages of controlled mechanical
      ventilation: intermittent mandatory ventilation.
AB  - Controlled mechanical ventilation is an accepted therapy for acute respiratory
      failure but by virtue of the increase in intrathoracic pressure has a large
      number of disadvantages. It is to overcome these disadvantages that alternative
      modes of ventilation have been introduced. These aim to reduce the effects of
      abnormally high airway pressure on the lung whilst recruiting solid alveoli and
      at the same time maintaining effective blood volume. Intermittent mandatory
      ventilation is a mode of ventilation first introduced to aid weaning which may
      reduce the need for sedation, permit better tolerance of high levels of PEEP and
      maintain urine osmolar output. High frequency ventilation utilising low airway
      pressures can maintain pulmonary gas exchange whilst reducing the effects of
      stretch on the lung. Its major role would seem to be in cases of bronchopleural
      fistula and necrotising pneumonia where a low mean airway pressure is essential.
      Low frequency positive pressure ventilation with extra corporeal CO2 removal,
      whilst a very labour intensive technique, has produced a favourable outcome in
      patients with terminal respiratory failure. Use of PEEP is associated with
      further deleterious haemodynamic effects which are largely overcome with use of
      continuous positive airway pressure during spontaneous respiration. PEEP is
      widely used. Its effect on pulmonary compliance, dead space and oxygen delivery
      are unpredictable making haemodynamic monitoring mandatory. Inversed ratio
      ventilation requires further evaluation whereas differential lung ventilation is
      logical, complicated but very valuable where the time constants for each lung are
      significantly different.

PMID- 3886741
TI  - Decelerating inspiratory flow waveform improves lung mechanics and gas exchange
      in patients on intermittent positive-pressure ventilation.
AB  - The effects of two inspiratory flow waveforms (WFs), decelerating and constant
      have been studied in 14 patients undergoing intermittent positive-pressure
      ventilation (IPPV). With tidal volume (VT), inspiratory time, inspiratory
      expiratory (I/E) ratio and frequency being kept constant, the decelerating
      waveform produced statistically significant reduction of peak pressure, total
      respiratory resistance, work of inspiration, ratio of dead space to tidal volume
      (VD/VT) and alveolar-arterial gradient for oxygen (A-a)PO2. There was significant
      increase in total static and kinetic compliances and PaO2, with no significant
      changes in PaCO2, in cardiac output (CO) and in other haemodynamic measurements.

PMID- 3886742
TI  - Measurement of aortic blood velocity in acute myocardial infarction by Doppler
      ultrasound.
AB  - Aortic blood velocity was measured by a transcutaneous continuous wave Doppler
      technique in thirty-five patients with proven acute myocardial infarction.
      Measurements were made on the first and seventh day following admission to
      hospital. Group I comprised 21 patients who had sustained a first myocardial
      infarction of moderate size, uncomplicated by hypoperfusion. Group II comprised
      14 patients who had had a large rise in cardiac enzymes, a previous myocardial
      infarction or were clinically hypoperfused. The mean value for peak aortic
      velocity for Group I on Day 1 was 88 +/- 12.9 cm/s. This was significantly lower
      than the mean value of 101.8 +/- 23.1 cm/s for a group of 85 normal subjects. By
      Day 7 the mean value for Group I of 105.1 +/- 19.8 cm/s was not significantly
      different from normal. For Group II patients on Day 1 the mean value for peak
      aortic velocity was 67.9 +/- 11.7 cm/s and was significantly lower than that for
      both Group I and the normal group. By the seventh day the mean value for Group II
      was 76.5 +/- 17.1 cm/s which was not significantly different from Day 1.

PMID- 3886743
TI  - Late effects of intracoronary streptokinase on regional wall motion, ventricular
      aneurysm and left ventricular thrombus in myocardial infarction: results from the
      Western Washington Randomized Trial.
AB  - To determine whether intracoronary streptokinase improves late regional wall
      motion or reduces left ventricular aneurysm or thrombus formation in patients
      with acute myocardial infarction, two-dimensional echocardiography was performed
      at 8 +/- 3 weeks after infarction in 83 patients randomized to streptokinase (n =
      45) or standard therapy (n = 38) in the Western Washington Intracoronary
      Streptokinase Trial. Among the patients treated with streptokinase, the average
      time to treatment was 4.7 +/- 2.5 hours after the onset of chest pain, and 67%
      had successful reperfusion. Regional wall motion was assessed in nine left
      ventricular segments on a scale of 1 to 4 (normal, hypokinetic, akinetic and
      dyskinetic). Left ventricular thrombus formation was interpreted as positive,
      equivocal or negative. All patients received anticoagulant therapy in the
      hospital and 52 received such therapy after hospital discharge. The mean (+/- SD)
      global (1.5 +/- 0.4 in both groups) and regional wall motion scores in the
      streptokinase-treated and control groups were not significantly different. The
      prevalence of aneurysm was 16% in both groups. Left ventricular thrombus was
      identified in only five patients (positive identification in four, and equivocal
      in one), all in the streptokinase-treated group (p = NS). There were also no
      differences between streptokinase and control treatment in any of the
      echocardiographic variables in subgroups of patients with anterior infarction,
      inferior infarction, no prior infarction or reperfusion with streptokinase. It is
      concluded that intracoronary streptokinase given relatively late in the course of
      acute myocardial infarction does not result in improved global or regional wall
      motion or a reduction in left ventricular thrombus or aneurysm formation in
      survivors studied 2 months after myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3886744
TI  - Fibrinolytic therapy of St. Jude valve thrombosis under guidance of digital
      cinefluoroscopy.
AB  - Fibrinolytic therapy is an alternative to urgent reoperation for patients with
      St. Jude prosthetic valve thrombosis, but requires an accurate method for
      repeated assessment of prosthetic function. Since the St. Jude valve is not well
      visualized by conventional cinefluoroscopy, digital subtraction techniques were
      developed that improved visualization of the value and allowed assessment of
      leaflet separation and velocity. A 74 year old woman with prosthetic valve
      thrombosis 5 years after St. Jude aortic valve placement had an opening angle of
      58 degrees (normal range 10 to 13; n = 8) with a maximal opening velocity of 1.37
      degrees/ms (normal range 2.46 to 2.93). The closing angle was 125 degrees (normal
      range 120 to 127) with a maximal closing velocity of 1.38 degrees/ms (normal
      range 2.24 to 3.60). The patient received 250,000 U of streptokinase
      intravenously, then 100,000 U/h for 72 hours. Improvement in auscultatory
      findings occurred at 12 hours; repeat digital cinefluoroscopy showed an opening
      angle of 20 degrees with a maximal velocity of 2.77 degrees/ms, and a closing
      angle of 126 degrees with a maximal velocity of 1.91 degrees/ms. Digital
      cinefluoroscopy 4 weeks after discharge on warfarin and dipyridamole therapy was
      unchanged. There have been no thromboembolic complications after 6 months of
      follow-up. Thus, digital cinefluoroscopy is a new noninvasive technique that
      permits accurate measurement of normal and abnormal St. Jude leaflet function.
      Intravenous streptokinase dissolution of prosthetic valve thrombosis under
      digital cinefluoroscopic guidance may be an acceptable alternative to emergency
      reoperation. The frequency and significance of residual subclinical leaflet
      dysfunction after fibrinolytic therapy and the indications for elective
      reoperation require further evaluation.

PMID- 3886745
TI  - William Withering: An account of the foxglove and some of its medical uses 1785
      1985.

PMID- 3886746
TI  - Role of serum digoxin assay in patient management.
AB  - Serum digoxin assay is a useful clinical tool in monitoring the administration of
      digoxin. Its value, however, is generally overrated; judicious use of it applies
      only to specific clinical problems. Its primary use involves assay values at the
      two ends of the scale: low ranges may help detect noncompliant patients or those
      with serious absorption difficulties. Higher ranges are helpful in the clinical
      recognition of digitalis toxicity.

PMID- 3886747
TI  - Antibodies and digitalis: the modern revolution in the use of an ancient drug.
AB  - Although digitalis glycosides have been widely used in clinical medicine since
      the classic description by William Withering in 1785, it was not until the advent
      of a specific immunoassay that their clinical pharmacology could be examined
      intensively under a wide variety of circumstances. The insights gained into the
      relations among dosage, plasma concentration, bioavailability, distribution,
      metabolism, excretion and interactions with other drugs and the manifestations of
      toxicity certainly have reduced the frequency of adverse reactions to this highly
      toxic but useful group of drugs. More recently, antibodies have also been
      utilized as specific antidotes for digitalis toxicity, with dramatic life-saving
      effect.

PMID- 3886748
TI  - Treatment of 63 severely digitalis-toxic patients with digoxin-specific antibody
      fragments.
AB  - Sixty-three patients with life-threatening digitalis intoxication were treated
      with purified fragments of digoxin-specific antibodies (Fab) obtained from sheep.
      Twenty-eight patients developed toxicity as the result of digitalis ingestion in
      a suicide attempt, 5 ingested a large amount of digoxin accidentally and 30
      developed toxicity in the course of treatment for underlying heart disease. The
      dosage of digoxin-specific Fab was calculated to be equimolar to the amount of
      cardiac glycoside in the patient's body. Digitalis toxicity was completely
      reversed in most cases, with onset of effect usually within 30 minutes of
      administration of Fab fragments. Unbound and, therefore, active digoxin serum
      concentrations decreased to undetectable levels within minutes after
      administration of the fragments. In all patients who had elevated serum potassium
      concentrations caused by massive digitalis toxicity, treatment with the Fab
      fragments reversed the hyperkalemia. There were no obvious adverse reactions to
      treatment. Potentially life-threatening digitalis intoxication can be rapidly and
      safely reversed by treatment with purified digoxin-specific Fab fragments.

PMID- 3886750
TI  - The foxglove, "The old woman from Shropshire" and William Withering.
AB  - Though he received his medical education in Edinburgh, William Withering was born
      and bred, and conducted his practice, in the Midlands of England, where he
      collaborated closely with medical and nonmedical colleagues who were pioneers of
      intellectual thought during the industrial revolution. Because of his profound
      botanical knowledge, he was able to identify Digitalis purpurea as the essential
      ingredient in a prescription dispensed by a herbalist, and systematically
      proceeded to show its value in patients with cardiac failure. He identified the
      cardinal symptoms of digitalis intoxication and worked out effective rules for
      the prescription of an infusion of digitalis. Withering's careful observations
      were also extended to botany and geology, and he was a key figure in the
      intellectual and scientific life of his area, a man whose legacy is not only the
      agent he identified but also the scrupulous way in which he evaluated it.

PMID- 3886749
TI  - Cellular electrophysiology of digitalis toxicity.
AB  - The toxic effects of digitalis are attributable in part to poisoning of the
      enzyme Na+-K+ ATPase and in part to the interactions of digitalis with the
      sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Additional modifiers of the
      toxic effects of digitalis include the concentrations of ions such as K+ and
      Ca2+, the age of the subject and the extent and type of cardiac disease. At the
      cellular electrophysiologic level, digitalis toxicity is seen as a depolarization
      of the membrane with the occurrence--individually or simultaneously--of
      abnormalities of impulse initiation (including delayed afterdepolarizations and
      abnormal automaticity) and abnormalities of conduction. The afterdepolarizations
      result in triggered arrhythmias that differ partially in their characteristics of
      onset and termination from automatic and reentrant arrhythmias. The cellular
      electrophysiologic basis for these arrhythmias induced by toxic concentrations of
      digitalis and their implications with respect to arrhythmogenesis in the in situ
      heart are explored in detail.

PMID- 3886751
TI  - Digitalis and the autonomic nervous system.
AB  - Digitalis produces many of its effects in intact animals and human beings by
      modifying the properties of the autonomic nervous system. The parasympathetic
      limb of the autonomic nervous system is most sensitive to these effects of
      digitalis, and its properties are significantly altered with therapeutic
      concentrations of the drug. These actions are particularly important in mediating
      the electrophysiologic effects of digitalis. With toxic concentrations of
      digitalis, stimulation of sympathetic nerve activity may also occur. This latter
      action may be involved in the arrhythmogenic effects of digitalis. These effects
      of digitalis on the autonomic nervous system play a major role in determining the
      pharmacodynamic actions of the drug in patients. The effects of digitalis on the
      autonomic nervous system also provide a setting for important interactions with
      other drugs that modify the properties of the sympathetic and parasympathetic
      nervous systems.

PMID- 3886752
TI  - Effects of digitalis on the normal and the failing heart.
AB  - Although it has been known for more than a century that digitalis glycosides
      exert a powerful beneficial effect on patients with heart failure, atrial
      fibrillation and a rapid ventricular rate, it was believed for many years that
      the drug exerts this clinical effect primarily by slowing the heart rate. It was
      also thought that the extra-cardiac vascular actions of digitalis might be
      responsible for its therapeutic effect. It has now been established that cardiac
      glycosides cause arteriolar and venous constriction in a variety of mammalian
      species including human beings, and that this vasoconstriction involves the
      coronary vascular bed as well, but it is believed that these actions are not
      responsible for any beneficial clinical effect. A variety of investigations on
      cardiac muscle in vitro, anesthetized and conscious dogs and anesthetized and
      conscious human subjects have shown that cardiac glycosides improve the
      contractility of failing mammalian myocardium. It has become clear that digitalis
      also stimulates the contractility of the nonfailing heart. The degree of
      augmentation of contractility induced by cardiac glycosides is related inversely
      to the baseline contractile state. Myocardial oxygen consumption, which is
      increased in the normal heart by the positive inotropic action of glycosides, is
      actually reduced or remains constant in the failing heart. Cardiac glycosides
      increase the contractility of the globally ischemic heart, but their actions in
      chronic ischemic heart disease with regional impairment of function are complex.
      Deterioration of segmental performance occurs in ischemic and necrotic segments,
      while improvement of contractility occurs in adjacent normal segments.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3886753
TI  - An "account" of digitalis and atrial fibrillation.
AB  - This review deals with the mechanisms by which digitalis exerts its "opium-like"
      action on the ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation. To
      understand the effect of digitalis on ventricular rate and rhythm, it is
      essential to learn more about the basic electrophysiologic principles responsible
      for: atrial fibrillation as such, and the scaling function of the
      atrioventricular (AV) node-His system. It may be assumed that during atrial
      fibrillation, the atrial excitatory process results in randomly spaced impulses
      that reach the AV junction from random directions with random strength. The
      refractory period of and concealed conduction in the AV node enable the AV
      conduction system to scale down the shower of atrial impulses to a random
      ventricular response with a considerably lower rate. Digitalis decreases the
      ventricular rate through two synergistic pharmacologic actions: digitalis
      increases the refractory period of the AV node, and digitalis decreases the
      refractory period of the atrial myocardium through a direct and indirect effect
      (vagotonic and vagomimetic). A decrease in the refractory period of the atrial
      myocardium results in more atrial impulses reaching the AV junction in a given
      unit of time. More atrial impulses result in a greater degree of concealed
      conduction in the AV node and, thus, in a slower ventricular rate. The
      ventricular rhythm remains random during digitalis treatment. Digitalis is the
      only drug that effects an increase in the refractory period of and concealed
      conduction within the AV node. Two hundred years after its discovery, digitalis
      remains the drug of choice for the treatment of patients with sustained atrial
      fibrillation.

PMID- 3886754
TI  - Factors affecting tolerance to digitalis.
AB  - A review of factors altering the safety margin between a therapeutic and a toxic
      dose of digitalis includes the consideration of: clinical conditions to which
      digitalis action may be undesirable, allergy and hypersensitivity to digitalis,
      physiologic factors modifying tolerance to digitalis, factors that change the
      amount of digitalis in the body, nervous and metabolic factors modifying
      tolerance to digitalis, modifications of digitalis tolerance produced by the
      status of the myocardium, and modifications of digitalis tolerance produced by
      diseases of other organs. The problems related to digitalis toxicity are more
      common than those of resistance to treatment. The most important factors
      contributing to decreased tolerance and risk of toxicity are: heart disease, poor
      renal function, hypokalemia and hypothyroidism. The roles of impaired liver
      function, chronic lung disease, acid-base disturbances, anesthesia, autonomic
      imbalance, calcium and magnesium are less important and less well established.

PMID- 3886755
TI  - Digitalis cardiotoxicity.
AB  - Clinical manifestations of digitalis toxicity were clearly described by Withering
      in 1785. One hundred years later, certain digitalis-induced arrhythmias were
      inscribed on the smoked drum, and shortly thereafter with the introduction of the
      electrocardiograph, manifestations of digitalis toxicity as recognized today were
      recorded in animals and human beings. With popularization of the direct-writing
      electrocardiograph in the late 1940s and the introduction of digitoxin in
      recommended doses (that in retrospect appear inappropriately high), the
      documented prevalence of digitalis toxicity increased rapidly. With increased
      understanding of the interaction of electrolytes and digitalis and perhaps, and
      more importantly, the widespread use of digoxin in doses derived largely from its
      inotropic action and, thus, inappropriately low for the management of many of the
      arrhythmias, the prevalence of digitalis toxicity began to decline again. In
      addition, the advent of serum level determinations and the widespread acceptance
      of the concept of "therapeutic" levels which, although frequently falling short
      of the desired clinical end point, served to preclude digitalis toxicity. With
      the decline in the incidence of digitalis toxicity consequent to these factors,
      some of the digitalis-related arrhythmias that were common are now rarely
      observed. This report focuses on arrhythmias that are highly specific for
      digitalis toxicity and on those that now are less commonly encountered. The
      discussion and classification of the arrhythmias are based on their most probable
      electrophysiologic mechanism.

PMID- 3886756
TI  - Extracardiac and coronary vascular effects of digitalis.
AB  - The administration of digitalis glycosides causes a variety of extracardiac
      effects. In both normal human subjects and in other species, digitalis increases
      smooth muscle tone of resistance and capacitance vessels. The vasoconstriction is
      mediated, in part, by a direct action of these glycosides on smooth muscle and,
      in part, by an increase in alpha-adrenergic tone. Constriction of coronary and
      splanchnic vessels may lead to myocardial or mesenteric ischemia. In contrast to
      normal subjects, patients with congestive heart failure demonstrate arteriolar
      and venodilation in response to these glycosides, possibly because the myocardial
      effect, to increase cardiac output and peripheral blood flow, overcomes the
      vasoconstrictor properties of these drugs. Other important actions of digitalis
      glycosides occur in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Their effects on
      the area postrema of the medulla oblongata are largely responsible for the alpha
      adrenergic-mediated peripheral vasoconstriction, as well as the nausea and
      vomiting that frequently accompany digitalis intoxication. Actions of glycosides
      on the cerebral cortex are responsible for the wide range of neurotoxic effects
      that range from visual disturbances and headaches to seizures and coma. Finally,
      peripheral neurologic effects of digitalis glycosides on baroreceptor and cardiac
      afferent fibers may: improve the depressed function of these receptors in the
      situation of heart failure, and reflexly lower peripheral vascular resistance,
      thereby partially preventing the vascular constrictor action of these glycosides.

PMID- 3886757
TI  - Clinical and biochemical aspects of chromium deficiency.
AB  - The essentiality of chromium (Cr) in animal and human nutrition is now well
      accepted. In animals, Cr deficiency can cause a diabetic-like state, impaired
      growth, elevated blood lipids, increased aortic plaque formation, and decreased
      fertility and longevity. The ability of Cr to potentiate insulin sensitivity has
      considerable experimental support. In the human, Cr deficiency has been
      demonstrated unequivocally in only one clinical situation, patients on total
      parenteral nutrition without added Cr. In such patients, impaired glucose
      tolerance, hyperglycemia, relative insulin resistance, peripheral neuropathy, and
      a metabolic encephalopathy have been noted with reversal of the clinical
      phenomena by Cr repletion. Many studies have been performed to determine whether
      Cr deficiency may be important in other clinical conditions, namely, diabetes
      mellitus, pregnant and parous women, and the aged population. Available data
      indicate that Cr supplementation can improve glucose metabolism in glucose
      intolerant individuals and decrease the total/HDL cholesterol ratio regardless of
      the status of glucose tolerance. However, whether Cr supplementation has long
      term health benefits is unknown. Further, despite many tantalizing observations,
      it is still unclear whether Cr deficiency, latent or overt, is common in any
      human situation other than generalized malnutrition and total parenteral
      nutrition without added Cr. Technical uncertainties in the analysis of Cr, Cr
      contamination of food by the use of stainless steel processing equipment and
      eating utensils, and the lack of a clinically feasible test for Cr deficiency
      continue to impede progress in Cr research. Nevertheless, there is considerably
      more clarity as to plasma and urine Cr levels, food and tissue Cr content, and
      metabolic pathways of Cr metabolism than existed a decade ago. It is expected
      that progress will accelerate, since critical questions can now be addressed
      regarding the role of Cr in human nutrition.

PMID- 3886758
TI  - Osteoporosis: calcium, fluoride, and aluminum interactions.
AB  - A gradual loss of bone occurs with age. There are indications in the literature
      that not only calcium but also fluoride may play an important role in maintaining
      the bone mass. In view of the high incidence of osteoporosis and its
      complications, and in view of the fact that fluoride is beneficial for the
      treatment of osteoporosis, studies have been carried out in this research unit to
      determine the retention and excretion of fluoride both during a normal dietary
      intake of fluoride and during fluoride supplementation. Another problem to be
      examined was to delineate whether certain substances interfere with the
      intestinal absorption of fluoride and of calcium. One such substance is aluminum
      contained in commonly used antacids. The use of small amounts of aluminum
      containing antacids increased fecal fluoride significantly, thereby decreasing
      the intestinal absorption of fluoride. In addition, the small doses of aluminum
      containing antacids also affected the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, the
      primary effect being complexation of phosphorus in the intestine leading to
      phosphorus depletion. This change in phosphorus metabolism was associated with an
      increase of the urinary and fecal calcium excretion resulting in a negative
      calcium balance. The dual effect of aluminum, namely in causing calcium loss and
      inhibition of the intestinal absorption of fluoride, can result in adverse
      effects on bone which may contribute to bone loss.

PMID- 3886759
TI  - Interactions of trace elements: clinical significance.
AB  - We examined interaction of the trace element zinc with copper and lead. In sickle
      cell anemia, the usual situation is one of mild to moderate zinc deficiency owing
      to renal loss of zinc. Zinc deficiency seems to produce a mild overburden of
      copper and an increased ceruloplasmin level, probably by enhancing copper
      absorption. With zinc therapy, this process is reversed. Pharmacological doses of
      zinc, when administered in a way to ensure effectiveness (without food) will
      usually lead to copper deficiency. We have taken advantage of the copper
      depleting effect of zinc to design a new therapy for Wilson's disease. Zinc, by
      inducing intestinal metallothionein, inhibits absorption of copper from food, and
      inhibits reabsorption of endogenously secreted copper, thereby producing a
      negative copper balance in Wilson's disease. Once we are certain that zinc blocks
      accumulation of copper in the liver of Wilson's disease patients, zinc therapy
      will be available as one approach for treating this fatal disease. The animal
      literature indicates that zinc protects against lead toxicity when both elements
      are given orally, no doubt through the intestinal metallothionein mechanism. In
      preliminary experiments in rats, we have not been able to show that toxicity from
      lead that arrives into the body through a nonoral route is affected by oral zinc
      supplements.

PMID- 3886760
TI  - Zinc metabolism in malabsorption syndromes.
AB  - Zinc deficiency may complicate many gastrointestinal malabsorptive states. Zinc
      deficiency may manifest itself in a myriad of ways, ranging from skin lesions to
      immune dysfunction. This paper reports many of the ways in which zinc deficiency
      may appear in malabsorption syndromes and possible mechanisms for the development
      of this zinc deficiency.

PMID- 3886761
TI  - Requirement of zinc in human subjects.
AB  - Essentiality of zinc in nutrition of higher animals was established in 1934.
      Dietary zinc deficiency in humans was recognized in 1961. Dietary requirements
      for zinc have been estimated factorially and by balance studies. Factors that
      influence dietary zinc requirement include dietary and other substances that
      either facilitate or inhibit absorption and retention of zinc; and metabolic
      phenomena that influence retention or excretion of the element. These
      determinants must be considered in estimating the requirement and the recommended
      dietary allowance for this essential element. An approach that has been used to
      assess requirement is the measurement of dietary zinc retention by men fed diets
      providing sufficient energy to meet the needs of each individual and containing
      other nutrients in proportion to energy content. By measurement of chemical
      balance and subsequent analysis of the data by multiple regression, dietary
      factors influencing requirement have been identified and amounts of dietary zinc
      essential for needs calculated. Using this approach, 83% of the variance (P less
      than 0.0001) in requirement was accounted for by the dietary content of
      phosphorus and nitrogen when data from 157 twenty-eight to thirty day studies
      were analyzed. The equation, Intake = 1.466 + 0.23 (Zn balance) + 5.19 (P intake)
      + 0.40 (N intake) - 0.30 (P intake - 1.389) (N intake - 14.646), was used to
      estimate zinc requirement of persons who participated in the most recent USDA
      Food Consumption Survey. For all age groups, ages 9 to greater than 75y, males
      and females, the mean (range) difference between the estimated intakes and
      calculated requirements were: males 1.5% (-6.5 to + 8.1), females 11.3% (- 1.1 to
      + 20.3). Thus, mean intakes were generally within the 95% confidence limits of
      the estimated requirements. Of some interest was the finding that the mean intake
      of none of the groups was equivalent to the Recommended Dietary Allowance. The
      mean intake of males ranged from 9.32 mg in men 75y and older to 13.53 mg in
      persons 15-18y. The mean intake of the females ranged from 7.04 mg in women 75y
      and older to 9.22 mg in persons 12-14 y.

PMID- 3886762
TI  - Allergic rhinitis.

PMID- 3886763
TI  - Sensory development in children: research in taste and olfaction.
AB  - Taste and smell are considered important influences on food selection and intake.
      However, the exact nature of the effects of chemical sensory function on dietary
      habits is still unclear. Future research concerning this interaction should
      facilitate the development of optimal dietary guidelines concerning the
      palatability of foods for children. At present, however, some broad
      generalizations about sensory development and food acceptance can be made. First,
      sweet preference appears innate, and thus addition of sweet substances is almost
      certain to increase the palatability of foods. Conversely, aversions to
      bitterness appear from a very early age, and thus bitter flavors are likely to
      decrease palatability. Third, saltiness may be aversive or neutral to infants,
      with adult patterns of salt preference not appearing until about age 2. Fourth,
      odors, including volatile flavors like cherry, which are perceived via the
      olfactory receptors, cannot be expected to have much impact on children until
      about age 5. Even though children can detect such odors, their likes and dislikes
      are attenuated. Finally, young children probably find strong or irritative
      sensations in the mouth, e.g., from carbonation or pepper, to be aversive.

PMID- 3886764
TI  - Obesity a family matter: creating new behavior.
AB  - The family as culture transmitter plays a role in the development of health
      maintenance practices. A review of the epidemiological variables associated with
      obesity suggests that familial factors--genetic and environmental--have a
      significant effect on the onset, causes, and prognosis of treatment. Chances of
      success in losing weight may depend upon the extent of family functioning or upon
      finding a support system within and/or outside the family. The weight control
      program described is family oriented. Life-style changes learned in the group
      meetings reach home and affect family members. Four-pronged in its approach
      (nutrition, behavior change, exercise, and a positive support system), the
      program uses "skill builders," which are special situational modules that deal
      with specific family situations. A skill builder offers a step-by-step guided
      approach to identifying and changing problem behavior in the area of diet and
      exercise, e.g., eating in social situations, new food shopping patterns, and the
      role of significant others in the weight loss process.

PMID- 3886765
TI  - The copper-controlled diet: current aspects of dietary copper restriction in
      management of copper metabolism disorders.

PMID- 3886766
TI  - Effect of habitual physical activity on regulation of insulin-stimulated glucose
      disposal in older males.
AB  - The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of differences in habitual
      level of physical activity on insulin action in healthy males between 60 and 75
      years of age. The study population consisted of 20 non-obese individuals with
      normal glucose tolerance: 13 older subjects (68 +/- 4 years) not exercising
      regularly and 7 older subjects (66 +/- 3 years) who exercised regularly.
      Measurements were made of body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat by
      underwater weighing, maximal O2 consumption by bicycle ergometry (VO2max), and
      insulin-stimulated glucose disposal by the insulin clamp technique. The results
      demonstrated that insulin-stimulated glucose disposal was significantly increased
      (P less than 0.001) in the normal older subjects who exercised regularly.
      Furthermore, a direct relationship (r = 0.74, P less than 0.001) existed between
      maximal aerobic capacity and in vivo insulin action, which was independent of
      either BMI or percentage body fat. These data are consistent with the view that
      the extensive variation previously noted in in vivo insulin-stimulated glucose
      disposal of older subjects is related to differences in habitual physical
      activity.

PMID- 3886767
TI  - Age, glucose intolerance, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3886768
TI  - Relationship in very elderly veterans of nutritional status, self-perceived
      chewing ability, dental status, and social isolation.
AB  - The relationship of nutritional status, self-perceived chewing ability, dental
      status, and social isolation was examined. Seventy-three ambulatory, elderly
      (means = 86 years) veterans were studied. Parameters of nutritional status
      included intakes of protein, carbohydrate, fat, and total calories, and
      hemoglobin, serum albumin, total lymphocyte count, and height/weight ratio were
      determined. Dental status was measured, and self-perceived chewing problems and
      social isolation were assessed by interview. Results showed a significant
      correlation between perceived chewing problems and diminished protein and total
      caloric intake and increased carbohydrate intake. No association was found
      between measured dental status and nutritional status. Social isolation was
      weakly correlated with greater protein and calorie intake. These results support
      the contention that the presence of self-perceived chewing problems are more
      reliable than the quality of the dentition itself as an indicator of altered
      nutritional status.

PMID- 3886769
TI  - Alzheimer's Disease: an annotated bibliography of recent literature.

PMID- 3886770
TI  - Synthetic salmon calcitonin is not diabetogenic in patients with normal or
      impaired glucose metabolism.
AB  - The effects of short term administration of 200 MRC U of synthetic salmon
      calcitonin (sCT) daily on carbohydrate metabolism were investigated in 10
      patients with various bone diseases, 3 of whom had type II diabetes mellitus and
      3 of whom had impaired glucose tolerance. Blood glucose levels during the
      nocturnal postabsorptive period, blood glucose and blood insulin (IRI) levels and
      the ratio of the area under the insulin curve to the area under the glucose curve
      (AI/AG) after a mixed meal were determined before and after 15 days of treatment.
      The values before and after sCT treatment were not significantly different,
      suggesting that high doses of sCT are not diabetogenic and can be given to
      patients with impaired glucose tolerance or to diabetics, without any risk of
      deteriorating metabolic control.

PMID- 3886771
TI  - Cold storage (8 C) of islets of Langerhans in a high-potassium "intracellular
      medium": near-normal insulin release and morphology after one week.
AB  - Islets of Langerhans from ob/ob mice were microdissected and stored for one week
      at 8 C or 37 C in a high-potassium "intracellular medium" or in a traditional
      culture medium (RPMI 1640 +/- fetal calf serum). Subsequent glucose-stimulated
      insulin release and islet morphology were best preserved by 8 C-storage in the
      high-potassium "intracellular medium". This suggests that normal, adult,
      mammalian tissues which do not readily divide in vitro may be better preserved
      for short periods of time at refrigerator temperatures in a high-potassium medium
      than by conventional culture at 37 C in a tissue culture medium.

PMID- 3886772
TI  - Effect of streptozotocin diabetes and insulin replacement on growth hormone in
      rats.
AB  - The effects of insulin deprivation on the growth rate, plasma and pituitary
      growth hormone (GH) and GH synthesis were investigated in male Wistar rats.
      Diabetes was induced by administration of streptozotocin (STZ), 7 mg/100 g bw,
      and plasma and pituitary GH levels were measured by means of a specific
      radioimmunoassay. GH synthesis was determined in pituitaries by the in vitro
      incorporation of [3H] leucine into specific immunoprecipitates. The body weight
      and the pituitary GH content of normally developing rats showed an almost linear
      increase throughout the observation period, whereas diabetic rats stopped growing
      immediately after receiving STZ, and remained smaller than age-paired controls.
      Pituitary GH content remained within the control range through the 5 days
      following STZ administration and thereafter decreased reaching 10% of control
      values by the 30th day. Furthermore, pituitaries from diabetic rats incorporated
      [3H] leucine into r-GH at a greatly reduced rate, which could explain the
      diminished r-GH storage in pituitaries of diabetic rats. Plasma GH concentrations
      remained within the normal range for 10 days after STZ, thereafter plasma GH were
      markedly reduced. Insulin treatment prevented the metabolic changes, and restored
      normal levels of plasma and pituitary GH in diabetic rats. These findings
      indicate that diabetes, in rat, is characterized by an inhibitory effect on GH
      secretion, probably via a diminished GH synthesis by the pituitary gland.

PMID- 3886773
TI  - Insulin receptor- and nonreceptor-controlled cellular substrate processing. A
      review of clinical studies in the isolated human adipocyte model.

PMID- 3886774
TI  - Proximity to retirement and anticipatory involvement: findings from the Normative
      Aging Study.
AB  - This study investigated the level of workers' informal retirement-oriented
      behavior in the years preceding retirement. Two research questions were
      addressed: (a) What is the relationship between retirement proximity and
      preretirement involvement behaviors, and (b) How might retirement involvement
      levels be further affected by attitude toward retirement, job characteristics,
      and personal resources? Data were collected from 816 male workers participating
      in a long-term panel study of aging who anticipated retiring within the next 15
      years. Results indicated that preretirement involvement increased with retirement
      proximity and that the association held even among men who dreaded retirement or
      were satisfied with their jobs. These findings suggest that a process of
      anticipating retirement is underway well in advance of withdrawal from work and
      that a gathering involvement in retirement is normative as the event approaches.

PMID- 3886775
TI  - Growth factor concentrations and growth-promoting activity in human milk
      following premature birth.
AB  - We have measured growth factor concentrations in human milk from mothers of term
      and premature infants to identify any adaptive responses to premature delivery.
      Measurements included concentrations of epidermal growth factor and insulin and
      the growth-promoting activity of milk in vitro, estimated by the stimulation of
      rats of protein accumulation in cultured human fibroblasts. Compared with women
      delivering at full-term, mothers of premature infants produced milk containing
      higher concentrations of epidermal growth factor and increased growth-promoting
      activity in vitro, changes which were probably maintained throughout lactation.
      The anabolic effect of human milk in cultured human fibroblasts could be
      attributed partially but not entirely to epidermal growth factor, suggesting that
      the concentrations of additional growth factors were also increased following
      premature delivery. Insulin did not contribute to the extra growth-promoting
      activity; premature delivery depressed the insulin concentration significantly on
      the first two days of lactation and, thereafter, milk from mothers of term or
      premature infants contained similar amounts of insulin. Growth factor
      concentrations were also measured in cow's milk-based formulae. These formulae
      contained low concentrations of epidermal growth factor and insulin and reduced
      growth-promoting activity compared with human milk. Changes in milk growth factor
      concentrations may occur as a compensatory mechanism to accelerate growth and
      development in pre-term infants, and if so, it follows that premature infants
      could benefit more from their own mother's milk than from pooled human milk or
      from cow's milk-based formulae.

PMID- 3886776
TI  - The relation of maternal blood volume to plasma renin activity in the pregnant
      rabbit.
AB  - Blood volume, estradiol 17 beta and estrone concentrations, and plasma renin
      activity were determined weekly in 26 chronically catheterized nonanesthetized
      rabbits during pregnancy and after delivery. We determined blood volume by
      99technetium, and plasma volume by the microhaematocrit method. The values for
      whole blood volume were 52.7 (+/- 2.3) and 63 (+/- 2.2) ml X kg-1 for nonpregnant
      and pregnant animals, respectively. During the course of gestation plasma renin
      activity increased about 300%, but estradiol 17 beta and estrone concentrations
      did not change significantly. The increase in whole blood and plasma volumes
      during pregnancy correlated highly with the increase in plasma renin activity, r
      = 0.53 and 0.59, respectively.

PMID- 3886777
TI  - Antigen production by encysted muscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis.
AB  - The production of excretory-secretory antigens by encysted muscle larvae of
      Trichinella spiralis has been investigated immuno-histochemically using an
      antiserum raised by infection in rabbits and purified both before and after
      conjugation by ion-exchange chromatography. The specificity of the antibody for
      excretory-secretory products was demonstrated by the pattern of staining of live
      worms in vitro and the failure of the labelled antibody to stain dead, non
      metabolizing worms. Using this labelled antibody, and unlabelled antibody in the
      immunoperoxidase system, the presence of parasite antigen-bearing cells in close
      proximity to encysted muscle larvae has been demonstrated. This is believed to be
      the first demonstration of antigen production by encysted muscle larvae in vivo.
      The implications of this observation to current concepts of immunity to
      Trichinella spiralis are discussed.

PMID- 3886778
TI  - Immunohistochemical detection of monocytes by the antiserum specific to monocytic
      esterase.
AB  - An antiserum specific to esterase Ib was produced in a rabbit. The antigen
      antibody reaction was visualized by the strong esterase activity in the
      precipitin band in Ouchterlony double diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.
      Immunohistochemical procedure demonstrated strong staining in the monocyte
      infiltrated splenic sections and tissue sections of true histiocytic lymphoma.
      Negative results were observed in T- and B-cell lymphomas, granulocytic sarcoma,
      and chronic granulocytic leukemia. This antibody may be useful for the
      identification of monocytes and histocytes in paraffin-embedded tissue sections.

PMID- 3886779
TI  - A procedure for light and electron microscopic intracellular immunolocalization
      of collagen and fibronectin in rat liver.
AB  - Experimental conditions have been designed that permit both extracellular and
      intracellular immunolocalization of various collagen types and fibronectin in rat
      liver. The procedure involves paraformaldehyde fixation by perfusion of the
      organ, use of saponin as a membrane permeabilizing agent, and visualization of
      the matrix components by indirect immunoperoxidase. Intracellular demonstration
      of collagens was particularly sensitive to the composition of the fixative and
      the duration of fixation. Hepatocytes contained fibronectin and types I and IV
      collagen, whereas fat-storing and endothelial cells evidenced type III collagen
      in addition. All the components were specifically located in the endoplasmic
      reticulum and/or the Golgi apparatus.

PMID- 3886780
TI  - A new embedding and sectioning technique (macrovibratome) for macroscopic and
      morphometric examinations especially of the human brain.
AB  - The macrovibratome is a newly developed sectioning apparatus designed especially
      for the preparation of human brain material subject to macroscopic and
      morphometric examinations. The brain is embedded in an aqueous agar solution and
      cut into slices with a minimum thickness of 2 mm. Using a 20% or 40% gelatin
      solution as the embedding material results in an average shrinkage of the tissue
      blocks of 9.8 or 31.7% in volume, respectively. With a 3% agar solution the
      volume shrinkage lies on the average at 1.0% for smaller brain pieces and 4.5%
      for cerebra.

PMID- 3886782
TI  - Plasmid characterization of drug-resistant Shigella dysenteriae 1 from an
      epidemic in Central Africa.
AB  - A widespread epidemic of severe dysentery in Zaire and neighbouring Central
      African countries was caused by a multiply drug-resistant strain of Shigella
      dysenteriae 1. Early isolations were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol,
      streptomycin, sulphonamides and tetracyclines (R-type = ACSSuT). Later in the
      epidemic strains resistant to trimethoprim (Tm) became prevalent and a few
      strains resistant to kanamycin (K) or nalidixic acid were also isolated. All
      resistances except nalidixic acid were encoded by plasmids of incompatibility
      groups X (ACT) or I1 (ACSSuTTm) and the epidemic strain also carried an SSu
      plasmid and a number of cryptic plasmids. The Inc X plasmid from this epidemic is
      the same as that in Sh. dysenteriae 1 strains isolated in Somalia in 1976 whereas
      the epidemic strains from the Shiga outbreaks in Central America, 1969 to 1971,
      and Sri Lanka, 1979, carried plasmids of group B. This epidemic demonstrates that
      when a multiresistant strain includes resistance to trimethoprim, nalidixic acid
      is a suitable alternative therapeutic agent.

PMID- 3886781
TI  - Mycobacterium marinum infections in man.

PMID- 3886783
TI  - Escherichia coli 0142.H6; a drug-resistant enteropathogenic clone?
AB  - For many years strains of Escherichia coli belonging to particular serotypes
      (EPEC) were a common cause of outbreaks of infantile enteritis in Europe and
      North America. E. coli 0142.H6 was first isolated from infants with diarrhoea in
      Indonesia in 1960 and a further outbreak occurred in Mexico in 1965. Between 1967
      and 1972 outbreaks of infantile enteritis caused by E. coli 0142 were reported in
      hospitals in Scotland, England, Northern Ireland and Eire. Sporadic cases
      occurred in Canada in 1972 and a further outbreak occurred in Arizona, U.S.A. in
      1975. Strains from all these incidents were examined by biochemical and
      serological methods. Their resistance to antimicrobial drugs was determined and
      their resistance plasmids characterized; their plasmid profiles were visualized
      by agarose gel electrophoresis. The cumulative evidence suggests that strains
      isolated in the British Isles all belonged to a single clone and were related to
      those isolated in Indonesia, the U.S.A. and Canada. However, the strains from
      Mexico appeared to be unrelated. This study demonstrates that single clones of
      enteropathogenic E. coli may spread throughout the world, causing outbreaks of
      diarrhoeal disease and acquiring resistance to antimicrobial drugs.

PMID- 3886784
TI  - Transferable resistance to cefotaxime and cefuroxime is regulated by the same
      plasmid gene.

PMID- 3886785
TI  - To shigellosis epidemicity in East-Slovakian region.
AB  - A set of 2227 strains of Shigella sonnei isolated from dysentery patients in East
      Slovakian region from 1975 through 1977 was analyzed by age and sex of patients,
      place and time of isolation, and by phage type, colicin type and antibiogram
      patterns of strains. The study showed that some phage types tended to occur in
      association with certain colicin types, the most common combination being that of
      phage type 75 and col factor Ei (86% of strains). In 1976 and 1977 this phage
      type gradually replaced col factor Ia that in 1975 was predominant. The rise in
      the incidence of these strains was striking and pointed to their intensive
      circulation among the population of East-Slovakian districts, particularly among
      children of preschool age. A hypothetic assumption is that such changes in the
      phage type and colicin type patterns might precede the new epidemic wave of
      dysentery outbreaks in the population. That would also explain e.g. the
      irregularity of dysentery epidemic cycles encountered in Czechoslovakia during
      the decade from 1972 through 1982. The analysis of strains by pattern of
      antibiogram showed that the percentage of strains resistant to all antimicrobials
      and sulphonamides tested remained virtually constant over the three years under
      study and did not exceed 6% of strains. Only the strains monoresistant to
      tetracycline were found to show a striking rise in their incidence from 5% in
      1975 to 23% in 1977. In the majority of cases they were S. sonnei strains with
      col factor Ei.

PMID- 3886786
TI  - Influence of the mechanism of transmission of the infective agent on the
      aetiological structure of leptospiral foci.
AB  - It has been demonstrated that the differences observed in the aetiological
      structure of the individual foci of leptospirosis can be explained not only by
      the affinity of leptospiral serogroups to certain animal species, but also by
      different mechanisms of transmission of the causative agent of leptospiral
      infection which can be transferred both by sexual and alimentary routes (in
      water). It has been demonstrated that mostly one serotype of leptospires
      predominates in natural foci of leptospirosis, but several in anthropurgic ones.
      In the author's opinion, leptospiral infection in natural foci is mainly spread
      by the sexual route through the background species of animals--carriers of
      leptospirosis, and by the alimentary route in the anthropurgic foci. It is
      presumed that leptospires of the serogroups Javanica, Australis,
      Icterohaemorrhagiae, transmitted by the shrew-mice, hedgehogs and rats by the
      sexual route, are by their origin "ancient" serogroups of leptospires while the
      serogroups of leptospires isolated from domestic animals, showing predominantly
      the alimentary route of transmission of infection in the focus, are
      representatives of the "younger" forms of the evolutional development of
      leptospires.

PMID- 3886787
TI  - Thymic reticulum in mice. IV. The rosette formation between phagocytic cells of
      the thymic reticulum and cortical type thymocytes is mediated by complement
      receptor type three.
AB  - A phagocytic cell of the thymic reticulum (P-TR) with dendritic shape recently
      has been isolated and characterized. We have previously shown that P-TR have an
      important role to play in the constitution of the thymic microenvironment.
      Indeed, P-TR are able to produce interleukin 1 and prostaglandin E2, both of
      which regulate thymocyte activation and proliferation. They are able also to
      stimulate the proliferation of syngeneic thymocytes enriched in the medullary
      type. In the present paper, we analyze a close relationship which exists between
      P-TR and thymocytes of the cortical type. About 25% of P-TR are able to bind to
      thymocytes and to form rosettes. Rosetting thymocytes represent about 5% of the
      total population and are PNA+, Lyt 1+2+, H-2-, and sensitive to in vivo steroid
      treatment. Pretreatment of P-TR with anti-Mac-1, a monoclonal rat IgG antibody
      against mouse macrophages and specific for complement receptor type three (CR3),
      abolished rosette formation. Rosette formation also was found to be inhibited by
      zymosan-treated serum containing the CR3 ligand, C3bi, and by certain sugars, in
      particular, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and L-xylose. Our results suggest that
      rosetting thymocytes bind to CR3 on the P-TR membrane and that sugar constituents
      of the carbohydrate moieties on the thymocyte surface may serve as a recognition
      site during the binding process.

PMID- 3886788
TI  - Identification of early stages of T lymphocyte development in the thymus cortex
      and medulla.
AB  - Thymocyte subpopulations with a phenotype suggesting they are early stages of T
      cell development in the adult mouse thymus were characterized and isolated by
      using multiparameter flow cytometry and sorting, in conjunction with selective
      killing with antibody and complement (C). The intrathymic localization of these
      subpopulations was assessed by dipping the thymus in fluorescent dyes to
      selectively label outer-cortical cells. The main phenotypic markers used were
      sensitivity to C-mediated lysis by the monoclonal antibody B2A2 (which spares
      most prothymocytes but kills most thymocytes), the expression of the T cell
      lineage specific markers Ly-2 and L3T4, and the levels of the common T cell
      antigens Ly-1 and Thy-1. A preliminary selection for cells lacking Ly-2 and L3T4,
      or resistant to B2A2 and C, produced a population of large cells, only 5% of all
      thymocytes and distinct from the typical cortical blast cells. This population of
      putative early thymocytes was itself heterogeneous, consisting of eight
      subpopulations separable by phenotype and intrathymic localization. One group of
      two subpopulations (B2A2-, Ly-1++, Thy-1+ and either Ly-2+ L3T4- or Ly-2- L3T4+)
      appeared to be of medullary location, and their phenotype suggested they could
      have been early members of the medullary lineages. Another group of two
      subpopulations (B2A2-, Ly-1++, Thy-1-, Ly-2-, L3T4- and B2A2-, Ly-1++, Thy-1+, Ly
      2- L3T4-) did not show a clear localization pattern and may have represented
      cells in an earlier stage of transition to medullary phenotype and location. A
      quite different group of three subpopulations (B2A2++, Ly-1-, Thy-1-, Ly-2- L3T4
      ; B2A2++, Ly-1-, Thy-1+, Ly-2-, L3T4-; and B2A2++, Ly-1+, Thy-1++, Ly-2- L3T4-)
      was concentrated in the outer cortex and seemed to represent a series of stages
      of a cortical pathway, before the typical cortical blast cells. Finally, a very
      minor subset (0.2% of thymocytes), lacking all these markers, was concentrated in
      the outer cortex; this fifth group had the phenotype expected of the earliest
      intrathymic precursor cells. The results suggest that the separate developmental
      streams of cortical and medullary thymocytes may be traced back, via these minor
      early blast subpopulations, to common precursor cells in the outer cortex.

PMID- 3886789
TI  - Mutant EL-4 thymoma cells polyclonally activate murine and human B cells via
      direct cell interaction.
AB  - In this report we show that three mutagenized sublines of (murine) EL-4 thymoma
      cells can constitutively activate human and/or murine B cells via an MHC
      nonrestricted cell-cell interaction. The activation signal is not by itself
      mitogenic but renders B cells capable of proliferating in response to interleukin
      2 (IL 2). In addition, one of the mutant EL-4 sublines can constitutively respond
      by release of IL 2 in the presence of IL 1-containing macrophage (P388D1)
      supernatant. The exact relationships between these functional properties of the
      mutant EL-4 thymoma cells and those associated with activated normal T helper
      cells remain to be established. However, the EL-4 cells provide a unique system
      to study in parallel murine and human B cell responses. In particular, the
      following observations were made during the present study. First, anti-Ig
      antibodies (anti-Ig) were required for B cell activation in conjunction with two
      EL-4 sublines acting only on murine B cells, whereas with a third subline acting
      on both murine and human B cells, anti-Ig was not required. Anti-Ig by itself did
      not lead to significant B cell activation in the absence of mutant EL-4 (or
      normal T) cells. Second, the growth factor-stimulated proliferation of EL-4
      activated B cells, following separation of the B cells from the EL-4 cells,
      lasted only 2 days. These results, thus, indicate that the requirement for a
      surface Ig-mediated B cell activation signal depends on the quality/intensity of
      a direct T cell signal and that cell-cell interactions may exert a more stringent
      control over the growth factor responsiveness of B cells as compared with T
      cells.

PMID- 3886790
TI  - Hormonal modulation of responses to thymus-independent and thymus-dependent
      antigens in autoimmune NZB/W mice.
AB  - Previous work suggested that gonadal steroids influence immunity through the
      thymus, but the mechanisms were unclear. To investigate the effects of these
      hormones on immune responses to T1 and TD antigens in autoimmune mice, we studied
      hybrid NZB/W mice and the nonautoimmune DBA/2 strain. Mice castrated at 14 days
      of age were implanted with Silastic capsules releasing, in adults, physiologic
      levels of E2 in males or Te in females. Sham-operated controls received empty
      capsules. Splenic PFC were quantified 4 to 5 days after challenge with the TI2
      antigen TNP-Ficoll, the TI1 antigen TNP-LPS, or the TD antigen SRBC. Young
      castrated NZB/W males implanted with E2 had striking enhancement of IgM responses
      to TNP-Ficoll when compared to castrated Te-treated females and comparable sham
      operated controls of both sexes. E2 also stimulated responses to TNP-LPS. In
      response to challenge with SRBC, young E2-treated NZB/W males had a consistent
      trend to increased IgM PFC, and the stimulatory effect of E2 on IgG plaques was
      variable. Physiologic doses of Te had no consistent effect on responses in young
      mice. In old female NZB/W mice, Te caused PFC response after immunization with
      TNP-Ficoll to resemble age-matched NZB/W males. As sham-operated NZB/W females
      grew older, PFC responses to SRBC fell. This age-related phenomenon was delayed,
      however, in female castrates implanted with Te. In contrast, Te clearly
      suppressed responses to TNP-LPS. Implantation of E2 did not alter responses to
      TNP-Ficoll, TNP-LPS, or SRBC in nonautoimmune DBA/2 males. This finding suggested
      that exogenous E2 given in physiologic doses did not influence immunologic
      responsiveness in a normal strain to the degree seen in hormone-sensitive NZB/W
      mice. It was concluded that E2 enhanced responses to a variety of exogenous
      antigens in autoimmune NZB/W mice. The most consistent E2-induced increase in PFC
      response was observed with TI antigens, suggesting that E2 exerted its effects on
      B cells or Ts.

PMID- 3886791
TI  - Differentiation of murine B cell precursors in agar culture. II. Response of
      precursor-enriched populations to growth stimuli and demonstration that the
      clonable pre-B cell assay is limiting for the B cell precursor.
AB  - We established culture conditions under which fetal liver-derived B cell
      progenitors divide and differentiate in semisolid agar, forming colonies
      containing antibody-secreting cells. An important feature of this assay system is
      that, under certain conditions, it is limiting for only one component. This was
      revealed by determining the slope of the least-squares log-log regression line
      generated when the initial seeding density was varied. When support for the
      growth of the clonable pre-B cells was provided by fetal liver-derived adherent
      accessory cells, the slope of the regression line was 1, consistent with the
      interpretation that only one component, the pre-B cell, was limiting under these
      conditions. This interpretation was tested in the present report by positive
      selection for cells expressing B220, Lyb-2, or AA4.1, surface markers known to be
      present on cell lines of the B lineage. In all cases, an increased incidence of
      clonable pre-B cells was observed. Furthermore, regression analysis of titration
      experiments undertaken with these enriched populations revealed that the assay
      was still limiting for a single component. A second set of growth conditions have
      been defined in which the clonable pre-B assay appears to be limiting for more
      than one component. These conditions are obtained when the adherent accessory
      cells are replaced by one of three distinct hemopoietic growth factors, including
      CSF-1 (macrophage growth factor), GM-CSF (neutrophil/macrophage growth factor),
      or Multi-HGF (multi-lineage hemopoietic growth factor, also called BPA or IL 3).
      The most straightforward interpretation of these data is that a second cell type,
      distinct from the B cell precursor and dependent on the growth factors, was
      limiting under these conditions. In the present report, this hypothesis was
      confirmed because growth factor responsiveness was completely absent in B220 and
      Lyb-2-enriched populations. Factor responsiveness was found in unseparated fetal
      liver and in AA4-enriched populations. However, the AA4-enriched populations, in
      contrast to the B220- or Lyb-2-enriched populations, also contained a large
      number of factor-responsive neutrophil/macrophage colonies, raising the
      possibility that the effect of factors on AA4+ clonable pre-B cells was accessory
      cell-mediated.

PMID- 3886792
TI  - An examination of the TRF assay reveals a heterogeneity of TRF-like activities.
AB  - Supernatant from the cloned Mlsa,d-reactive helper T cell line L2V is a potent
      source of T cell replacing factor (TRF) activity. To determine whether L2V SF was
      representative of TRF-active supernatants, it was compared with supernatant from
      Con A-stimulated spleen cells (CASF) by using TRF assays. This analysis,
      facilitated by the use of four different antigens (R36a, TNP-R36a, SRBC, and
      HRBC), produced the following results. 1) L2V SF and CASF allowed responses of
      similar magnitude against either R36a or TNP-R36a; however, CASF always allowed
      responses of fivefold to 30-fold greater magnitude against SRBC than L2V SF. 2) B
      cells from xid and "normal" mice will give equally large responses to TNP-R36a
      when CASF is used as the source of TRF; however, L2V SF will only effect the
      responses by "normal" B cells. 3) L2V SF-driven responses to R36a and SRBC, and
      CASF-driven responses to R36a, follow single-hit kinetics and are IL 2
      independent, whereas CASF-driven responses to SRBC follow multi-hit kinetics and
      are IL 2 dependent. These results indicate that the TRF assay measures a
      heterogeneity of TRF-like activities that can be distinguished according to the
      supernatant, antigen, and/or B cell responders used. The determination of whether
      this heterogeneity is due to the number of molecular components of a single
      "type" of TRF required for each antigen-induced PFC response or to the existence
      of distinct "types" of TRF is examined.

PMID- 3886793
TI  - Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) contains sulfated N-linked
      oligosaccharides.
AB  - The murine lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) is a glycoprotein
      heterodimer consisting of an Mr 180,000 alpha-chain and an Mr 95,000 beta-chain.
      Although LFA-1 has been studied extensively in the past few years due to its
      involvement in various antigen-specific T lymphocyte responses, virtually nothing
      is known about its glycosylation. In this report, we have analyzed the
      oligosaccharide moieties of the murine LFA-1 molecule. Utilizing a T lymphoma
      cell line, EL-4, it was found that [35S] sulfate, [3H]glucosamine, [3H]mannose,
      and [3H]fucose were incorporated into both the alpha- and beta-chains of LFA-1.
      Isolated alpha- and beta-chains from anti-LFA-1 immunoprecipitates of
      [3H]glucosamine-labeled NP-40 lysates were subjected to tryptic-chymotryptic
      digestion, and the resulting glycopeptides were fractionated by reverse-phase
      high performance liquid chromatography. Five major [3H]glucosamine-labeled
      glycopeptides were generated by this procedure from each of the two polypeptide
      chains. Treatment of the individual glycopeptides with almond emulsin peptide:N
      glycosidase or Endo F demonstrated that the [3H]glucosamine label existed almost
      entirely in N-linked oligosaccharide structures (Mr 5000 to 10,000). By using
      similar techniques, the majority of the [35S]sulfate moieties were also found
      covalently bound to N-linked oligosaccharides. In addition, both [35S]sulfate
      labeled alpha- and beta-chains were susceptible to Keratanase and endo-beta
      galactosidase digestions, indicating the presence of sulfated N-acetyllactosamine
      sequences. The expression of [35S]sulfate-labeled LFA-1 on various cell types was
      also examined. LFA-1 was found to be sulfated only on thymocytes and splenic T
      cells, but not on macrophages, splenic B, or bone marrow cells.

PMID- 3886794
TI  - Interactions of antigen-sensitized liposomes with immobilized antibody: a
      homogeneous solid-phase immunoliposome assay.
AB  - Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) does not form stable bilayer liposomes
      at room temperature and neutral pH. However, stable unilamellar liposomes could
      be prepared by mixing DOPE with a minimum of 12% of a haptenated lipid, N
      (dinitrophenylaminocaproyl)-phosphatidylethanolamine (DNP-cap-PE). When the
      liposomes bound to rabbit anti-DNP IgG that had been adsorbed on a glass surface,
      lysis of the liposome occurred with the release of the contents into the medium
      as judged by the fluorescence enhancement of an entrapped self-quenching dye,
      calcein. On the other hand, incubation of the same liposomes with glass surfaces
      coated with normal rabbit IgG had little effect. In addition, free anti-DNP IgG
      induced aggregation of the liposomes but did not cause any dye release. Liposomes
      composed of dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and DNP-cap-PE did not lyse when
      added to the glass surfaces coated with either anti-DNP IgG or normal IgG. A
      likely mechanism for liposome lysis is that the DNP-cap-PE laterally diffuse to
      the contact area between the liposome and the glass. Binding of the haptenated
      lipid with the immobilized and multivalent antibody trap the haptenated lipids in
      the contact area. As a result of lateral phase separation, lipids may undergo the
      bilayer to hexagonal phase transition, leading to the leakage of the entrapped
      dye. Because both the free hapten and the free antibody inhibited the liposome
      leakage, this process could be used to assay for the free hapten or antibody. We
      have shown that inhibition assays performed by using this principle can easily
      detect 10 pmol of free DNP-glycine in 40 microliter. Furthermore, by substituting
      human glycophorin A, a transmembrane glycoprotein, for the lipid hapten, we have
      demonstrated that this assay system is also applicable to detect protein antigen
      with a sensitivity of sub-nanogram level.

PMID- 3886795
TI  - Evidence for separate genetic defects in C3H/HeJ and C3HeB/FeJ mice, that affect
      susceptibility to gram-negative infections.
AB  - Past studies have suggested a linkage between susceptibility to Salmonella
      typhimurium infection and the Lpsd genotype in C3H mice. Recently, this linkage
      was questioned by the finding that C3HeB/FeJ mice (Lpsn,Lpsn) were highly
      susceptible to systemic S. typhimurium infection. The present study shows a
      marked difference between C3H/HeJ and C3HeB/FeJ in their susceptibility to Gram
      negative urinary tract infection. The number of E. coli and S. typhimurium
      recovered from the kidneys 24 hr after infection was 70 to 100 times higher in
      C3H/HeJ than in C3HeB/FeJ or C3H/HeN mice. Subsequently, in C3HeB/FeJ mice S.
      typhimurium multiplied to the level of C3H/HeJ mice, resulting in a shorter mean
      survival time of C3H/HeJ and C3HeB/FeJ compared with C3H/HeN mice. In contrast,
      E. coli remained localized to the urinary tract of C3H/HeJ mice but were
      eliminated from C3HeB/FeJ and C3H/HeN mice. Thus, experimental E. coli urinary
      tract infection appears to provide a method to differentiate the genetic defects
      of C3H/HeJ and C3HeB/FeJ mice. The results support an influence of the Lpsd
      genotype on clearance of Gram-negative bacteria from the kidneys of C3H mice.

PMID- 3886796
TI  - Leishmania amastigotes: resistance to complement-mediated lysis is not due to a
      failure to fix C3.
AB  - Amastigote forms of Leishmania major are sensitive to lysis by fresh serum,
      whereas those of L. donovani are resistant. To understand the basis for this
      resistance we have examined the interaction of complement with amastigotes of
      seven strains of leishmania. Complement activation was determined by measuring
      the ability of amastigotes to consume complement from normal serum and by
      identifying parasite surface-bound C3. All of the strains that were tested
      activated complement, including both those that are resistant and those that are
      susceptible to inactivation by fresh serum. Complement consumption by amastigotes
      was measured as a decrease in the ACH 50 titers of serum exposed to parasites. L.
      major, L. donovani, and L. mexicana mexicana (strain 1VLM) amastigotes decrease
      titers by 35.7, 33.5, and 40.3%, respectively. The binding of C3 to amastigotes
      was judged qualitatively by immunofluorescence and quantitatively by a C3
      radiobinding assay. L. major amastigotes bind an average of 6.6 X 10(4) molecules
      of C3 per parasite. L. mexicana amazonensis, L. mexicana mexicana, and L.
      donovani bind an average of 3.9 X 10(4), 5.9 X 10(4), and 3.7 X 10(4) molecules,
      respectively. In all cases, C3 binding is the result of alternative pathway
      activation requiring Mg++ but not Ca++. Amastigotes of the disseminating strains
      of leishmania represent the first example of a group of protozoa that activate
      early complement components leading to fixation of C3, but that are resistant to
      inactivation by complement.

PMID- 3886797
TI  - Demonstration of splenic auto-anti-idiotypic plaque-forming cells in mice
      infected with Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - Mice exposed to 35 cercariae of the human helminth Schistosoma mansoni develop
      chronic (greater than 16wk) infections characterized by immunoregulation of their
      cell-mediated granulomatous responses to schistosome eggs. Evidence was sought
      regarding the possible development of anti-idiotypic responses against the
      responses to soluble egg antigens (SEA). Sera were collected from CBA/J mice with
      chronic S. mansoni infections. Multiclonal idiotypic, anti-SEA antibody (id) was
      prepared from these pooled sera by affinity chromatography on an SEA
      immunoadsorbent column. Analysis of the id preparations by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis demonstrated that this material contained only immunoglobulin
      heavy and light chains. A modified reverse plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay was
      developed to quantify anti-idiotypic (anti-id) PFC in spleen cell preparations
      from infected and age-matched control CBA/J mice. Expression of anti-id PFC began
      2 to 3 wk after onset of egg production and continued throughout the course of
      infection. Positive selection of anti-id-reactive spleen cells by panning cell
      preparations from chronic mice on id-coated plates resulted in an enrichment of
      anti-id PFC in the id-adherent population. Conversely, the number of PFC reactive
      with SEA (id-producing PFC) was lowered by panning on id-coated plates. These
      data demonstrate the occurrence of anti-id responses during schistosomiasis
      mansoni. It is possible that such an immunoregulatory mechanism could play an
      important role in how an animal modulates the granulomatous response that leads
      to the formation of pathologic lesions and in the maintenance of this chronic
      infection.

PMID- 3886798
TI  - In vitro delayed hypersensitivity granuloma formation: development of an antigen
      coated bead model.
AB  - Previously, we have described an in vitro model of granulomatous hypersensitivity
      around Schistosoma mansoni eggs in both the murine model of schistosomiasis and
      in human schistosomiasis. These studies describe a new model of in vitro
      granuloma formation that complexes soluble egg antigen from S. mansoni eggs, a
      partially purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PPD), or
      bovine serum albumin to carrier beads. Ultrastructural and morphologic
      evaluations demonstrate that there are initial macrophage interactions, followed
      by the recruitment of antigen-specific T cells that interact with and recruit
      macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes, and fibroblasts. Finally, there is a
      stage of granulomatous organization involving fibroblast proliferation and
      collagen deposition. The in vitro reactivity, defined by a quantitative granuloma
      index, correlates with in vivo granulomas around S. mansoni eggs in the livers of
      infected cell donor animals. In vitro granuloma formation against PPD-coated
      beads correlated with delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity against PPD, which was
      judged by footpad swelling. The reactions demonstrate antigenic specificity and
      were intrinsically modulated in a manner that is analogous to that previously
      shown with the in vitro egg granuloma model. This model of in vitro granuloma
      formation promises to be a useful tool for elucidating mechanisms of cellular
      immunity and regulation.

PMID- 3886799
TI  - Characterization of Schistosoma mansoni antigen-reactive T cell clones that form
      granulomas in vitro.
AB  - Granuloma formation and modulation in schistosomiasis are a consequence of
      discrete subpopulations of T lymphocytes and the mediators they produce. In the
      present study, T cell clones reactive to soluble egg antigen (SEA) were developed
      to analyze the roles of T cells in Schistosoma mansoni egg-induced granuloma
      formation. In an in vitro granuloma assay, 1 X 10(5) T cells specifically
      augmented the response of 2 X 10(6) normal spleen cells to SEA-coupled but not
      purified protein derivative-coupled polyacrylamide beads. In vitro granulomatous
      responses by individual clones were correlated with their capacity to mediate
      local delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in footpad swelling assays.
      Phenotypic analysis of the seven clones characterized in the present study
      demonstrated that they were L3T4+, Ly-2.2-. An analysis of supernatants of T
      cells pulsed with concanavalin A or SEA + antigen-presenting cells was also
      undertaken in an attempt to correlate in vitro granuloma formation with
      lymphokine production. Stimulated T cells (but not unstimulated T cells) produced
      interleukin 2, macrophage activating factor, migration inhibitory factor, and
      eosinophil stimulation promoter in response to both mitogenic and antigenic
      stimuli. The results suggest that individual clones of T cells are capable of
      producing a variety of mediators that influence their ability to activate and to
      recruit cells into granuloma formation. The model may be useful in the analysis
      of specific antigens and regulatory interactions and their contribution to
      granuloma formation.

PMID- 3886800
TI  - Lactoferrin effects on phagocytic cell function. I. Increased uptake and killing
      of an intracellular parasite by murine macrophages and human monocytes.
AB  - Mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPM) or human blood monocytes (HBM) co-cultured
      with intracellular (amastigote; AMA) forms of Trypanosoma cruzi in the presence
      of human lactoferrin (LF) took up greater numbers of organisms than in the
      absence of LF; the proportion of phagocytes taking up AMA was also significantly
      increased. Pretreatment of either MPM or AMA with LF also enhanced cell-parasite
      association. By immunofluorescence, HBM, MPM, and AMA were found to bind LF. By
      using 125I-labeled LF, each AMA was determined to have an average 1.1 X 10(6)
      surface receptors for LF. The enhancing effect of LF on cell-parasite association
      was inhibited when either rabbit anti-LF IgG or alpha-methyl mannoside (alpha-MM)
      was present during the incubation of MPM or AMA with LF, or when AMA pretreated
      with LF were then incubated with either of the LF blocking agents. Although these
      findings seemed to suggest that LF increased MPM-AMA association by bridging
      these cells, the LF effect was not inhibited when MPM pretreated with LF were
      subsequently incubated with either alpha-MM or anti-LF. Furthermore, LF
      stimulated phagocytosis, as denoted by a significant increase in latex particle
      uptake after LF treatment of MPM. The intracellular killing capacity of HBM or
      MPM was also stimulated by LF and was denoted by increased AMA destruction after
      LF treatments. The possibility that LF only appeared to increase the rate of AMA
      killing by simply promoting the engulfment of greater numbers of AMA that would
      then be destroyed intracellularly seemed unlikely because untreated MPM that had
      already taken up untreated AMA killed greater numbers of AMA when they were
      subsequently incubated with LF. The results of experiments with scavengers of
      oxygen reduction intermediates and of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction tests
      indicated that H2O2, O2- and 1O2 were involved in the killing of AMA by LF
      treated MPM. These results suggest that LF, a glycoprotein secreted by
      neutrophils in greater than normal amounts during inflammation, may contribute to
      macrophage clearance of AMA released from infected host cells.

PMID- 3886801
TI  - Single-step monoclonal antibody affinity purification of human urogastrone from
      urine.
AB  - The use of a monoclonal antibody (MAb) affinity column to purify epidermal growth
      factor/urogastrone from human urine in a single-step process is described. The
      MAb was raised against purified recombinant human urogastrone derived from the
      expression of a cloned synthetic urogastrone gene. The MAb was characterised and
      shown to cross-react fully with recombinant and native human urogastrones. The
      material eluted from the column was shown to have retained biological activity.
      When the eluted material was run on SDS/PAGE under reducing conditions an
      apparently homogeneous species of 5400 Da apparent molecular weight was seen.
      When examined on acid PAGE, 2 molecular species corresponding to beta and gamma
      urogastrone were observed.

PMID- 3886802
TI  - Increased sensitivity and specificity of a sandwich ELISA for measurement of IgE
      antibodies.
AB  - We have developed a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for
      measurement of IgE antibodies to the bee venom allergens phospholipase A2 (PLA2)
      and hyaluronidase (HYAL). The assay is 10-20 times more sensitive than
      conventional indirect ELISA or radioallergosorbent test (RAST). Furthermore, by
      using affinity purified rabbit antibodies to these allergens, the specificity of
      the test was increased compared to RAST. The use of antibodies to link the
      antigen to the solid phase removes the dependence on the individual protein's
      ability to bind to the microtitre plate. The increased sensitivity of the
      sandwich assay seems to be due to better presentation and retention of antigen on
      the solid phase.

PMID- 3886803
TI  - Shiga toxin--an expanding role in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases.

PMID- 3886804
TI  - The association between idiopathic hemolytic uremic syndrome and infection by
      verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli.
AB  - Forty pediatric patients with idiopathic hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) were
      investigated for evidence of infection by Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli
      (VTEC). Fecal VTEC (belonging to at least six different O serogroups including
      O26, O111, O113, O121, O145, and O157) or specifically neutralizable free-fecal
      Verotoxin (VT) or both were detected in 24 (60%) patients but were not detected
      in 40 matched controls. Ten of 15 of the former developed fourfold or greater
      rises in VT-neutralizing antibody titers, as did six other patients who were
      negative for both fecal VTEC and VT. A total of 30 (75%) patients had evidence of
      VTEC infection by one or more criteria. We concluded that a significant
      association exists between idiopathic HUS and infection by VTEC. The detection of
      free-fecal VT was the most important procedure for the early diagnosis of this
      infection because, in our study, VTEC were never isolated in the absence of fecal
      VT, whereas fecal VT was often present even when VTEC were undetectable.

PMID- 3886805
TI  - An outbreak of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enteritidis in Liberia, West
      Africa.
AB  - Between October 1980 and August 1982, 100 patients in the pediatric population at
      Curran Lutheran Hospital, Zorzor, Liberia were identified as having multiple drug
      resistant Salmonella enteritidis serotype enteritidis. The illness usually
      presented as an enteric fever but also as meningitis, gastroenteritis, empyema,
      subcutaneous abscesses, chronic otitis media, or a combination of these
      conditions. Predisposing factors were young age and debilitation from
      malnutrition or measles. The mortality of infected patients was 27.8%. The
      organism was originally misidentified as a Citrobacter species because of a
      delayed reaction on lysine decarboxylase medium. Incubation of the medium for
      five days resulted in a positive reaction that identified the organism as a
      Salmonella species. The isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Genes
      mediating resistance were located on a 120-megadalton conjugative plasmid. A
      cryptic nonconjugative 40-megadalton plasmid was also present in several
      isolates.

PMID- 3886806
TI  - An epidemic of mild pneumonia due to an unusual strain of Chlamydia psittaci.
AB  - An epidemic of mild pneumonia was discovered during a chest radiographic survey
      of adolescents and young adults in two communities 110 kilometers apart in
      northern Finland. Antibodies to chlamydial antigens were found in 32 of 34
      persons with pneumonitis. Microimmunofluorescence antibody tests suggest that the
      etiologic agent is closely related or identical to TW-183, an unusual strain of
      Chlamydia psittaci isolated from the eye of a child in Taiwan. The point
      prevalence of pneumonitis with antibody to TW-183 in school children at the time
      of the survey was high-15 and 19 patients per 1,000 students in the two
      communities. There was no evidence of avian transmission in the epidemic.

PMID- 3886807
TI  - Genetic control of natural resistance to Trypanosoma rhodesiense: transfer of
      resistance with bone marrow or spleen cells.
AB  - Inbred strains of mice differ greatly in their innate resistance to Trypanosoma
      rhodesiense, the etiologic agent of African sleeping sickness. BALB/c mice are
      very susceptible to this organism, whereas C57BL/6 mice are highly resistant.
      This difference is regulated by at least three distinct genes. An adoptive
      transfer study was performed in order to determine the tissue site of expression
      of these genes. Three inbred mouse strains (C57BL/6J, C3H.SW/SnJ, and BALB.B)
      that differ in resistance to T. rhodesiense, but are histocompatible at the H-2
      locus, were used in the study. The adoptive transfer of normal bone marrow cells
      from C57BL/6J (resistant) mice into X-irradiated BALB.B (susceptible) mice
      rendered the recipient mice resistant to a subsequent experimental challenge with
      T. rhodesiense. Conversely, the transfer of bone marrow cells from BALB.B mice
      into irradiated C57BL/6J mice rendered the latter mice susceptible. Resistance
      could also be adoptively transferred from C57BL/6J mice to a second susceptible
      strain, C3H.SW/SnJ, by using either bone marrow or spleen cells. These findings
      demonstrate that although multiple genes control innate resistance to T.
      rhodesiense, all or most of these genes appear to control the development or
      function of cells whose progenitors reside in the spleen and bone marrow.

PMID- 3886809
TI  - [Echographic gross morphology and volumetry of human placenta in utero with
      regard to clinical significance].
AB  - Ultrasonographic volumetry and observation of shape were undertaken on the human
      placenta in utero of every gestational month and the relationships between either
      its volume or shape and the birthweight of the neonate were studied. The placenta
      was scanned at 1cm intervals along a longitudinal uterine axis. The area of each
      placentogram was measured with a planimeter and the volume was estimated by
      totalling the area. For reformation of the placenta, a one cm thick wooden plate
      was sawed to the shape of each placentograms and these were piled up to take the
      proper shape. A slight increase in the mean volume of the placenta was observed
      in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy and a marked increase in the
      second trimester, and a clinically available increase in the curve of scanned
      placental volume, approximately 4.4% larger than that measured after delivery,
      was estimated. The shape of the individual placenta in utero varied considerably
      unlike that after delivery and might be classified roughly into three types. The
      extent of small or great placental volume for date babies ranged mostly within
      the normal limits and the difference in type was unrelated to the placental
      volume and weight of the neonate or of the placenta post partum.

PMID- 3886808
TI  - Exacerbation of the pathogenesis of the diabetogenic variant of
      encephalomyocarditis virus in mice by interferon.
AB  - Adult male ICR Swiss mice develop insulin-dependent diabetes when infected with
      the D variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC-D). In contrast, adult C57Bl/6
      males are relatively resistant to the diabetogenic effects of this virus. We have
      been studying the role of interferon (IFN) in the pathogenesis of infection by
      EMC-D and development of virus-induced murine diabetes mellitus. The data show
      that when IFN beta or IFN gamma were administered four days after virus
      infection, the frequency and severity of diabetes were exacerbated in ICR Swiss
      mice, and the diabetic state was induced in the resistant C57Bl/6 strain. In
      addition, animals treated with either of the IFNs or the IFN-inducer poly I:C,
      developed symptoms of severe encephalomyocarditis. Analysis of ICR Swiss mouse
      tissues revealed that IFN-treatment resulted in virus replication in the heart
      and brain and the reappearance of the virus in the pancreas. It is concluded that
      under certain conditions, the diabetic state is exacerbated and the normal course
      of (EMC-D)-infection in mice is altered by IFN.

PMID- 3886810
TI  - [Photoelastic stress analysis produced by various designs of bilateral distal
      extension removable partial dentures].

PMID- 3886811
TI  - [Isolation of anaerobic bacteria from oral pyogenic infections. Effects of strict
      anaerobic procedure and culture media].

PMID- 3886812
TI  - [Prehistoric Korean jawbones and teeth].

PMID- 3886814
TI  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the evaluation of thrombocytopenia
      induced by heparin.
AB  - Five patients with heparin-associated thrombocytopenia (HAT) were evaluated by
      platelet aggregation and quantitation of immunoglobulin binding to intact target
      platelets in both the presence and absence of heparin. These patients developed
      thrombocytopenia (12,000 to 70,000 platelets/microliter) 7 to 15 days and embolic
      and hemorrhagic complications 9 to 15 days after the initiation of heparin
      therapy. Platelet aggregation after the addition of heparin was demonstrated in
      two of four HAT serum samples, whereas normal serum samples showed no significant
      platelet aggregation. The five HAT serum samples showed normal to elevated
      baseline serum platelet-bindable immunoglobulin (SPBIg) with a range of 4.3 to
      11.4 fg/platelet (normal less than or equal to 1.0 to 6.5 fg/platelet). When HAT
      sera were incubated with target platelets and heparin (5 U/ml), the SPBIg
      increased to 8.5 to 37.5 fg/platelet, a mean increase of 148% in the presence of
      heparin. Normal and control serum samples (from 10 normal laboratory volunteers,
      nine patients without thrombocytopenia receiving heparin, nine patients with
      autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, and nine patients with nonimmune
      thrombocytopenia not receiving heparin) showed only a slight increase in SPBIg of
      0 to 2.8 fg/platelet above baseline, a mean increase of 15% after heparin
      incubation with the serum samples. The measurement of SPBIg of washed platelets
      incubated with test serum samples in the presence and absence of heparin is
      potentially a specific and sensitive in vitro test for the diagnosis of HAT and
      may prove more sensitive than platelet aggregation studies with heparin.

PMID- 3886813
TI  - Characterization and partial purification of a neutral protease from the serum of
      a patient with autosomal recessive pulmonary emphysema and cutis laxa.
AB  - Serum enzyme activity in 81 patients with various medical and dermatologic
      problems was determined with succinyl-(L-alanyl)3-p-nitroanilide as substrate.
      Values exceeding the limit of mean +/- 3 SD in healthy controls were detected in
      16 patients. The highest activity, greater than 80 times the mean in the
      controls, was found in a 20-year-old patient with severe pulmonary emphysema and
      cutis laxa. The enzyme activity in the patient's serum was enhanced by Ca2+ and
      was inhibited by metal chelators but not by serine protease inhibitors. The pH
      optimum of the enzyme was 7.6. The enzyme was partially purified by gel
      filtration chromatography. Enzyme activity eluted in two major peaks with
      apparent molecular weights of greater than 10(7) daltons (peak I) and
      approximately 2.5 X 10(5) daltons (peak II). When compared with the elution
      patterns in the patient's mother and a healthy control, the elevated enzyme
      activity in the patient's serum was associated with peak I. The partially
      purified enzyme in peak I was not complexed with alpha 2-macroglobulin. The peak
      I enzyme was capable of degrading tropoelastin and a synthetic dinitrophenyl
      peptide at a glycyl-isoleucyl sequence, but not native or denatured collagen.

PMID- 3886815
TI  - A simple method for measurement of intestinal calcium absorption in humans by
      double-isotope technique.
AB  - We describe a method for the fast calculation of total fractional calcium
      absorption (TFCaA) by the double-isotope technique (45Ca orally and 47Ca
      intravenously). The gamma- and beta-activities of plasma or urine samples were
      measured simultaneously. 47Ca activity was obtained by a gamma-ray spectrometer
      after exclusion of scandium 47. The 45Ca activity was measured directly by
      subtracting the 47Ca plus 47Sc component from the total beta-activity. In
      addition, 45Ca activity was determined after 8 weeks, to allow for 47Ca and 47Sc
      decay. There was good correlation between these two methods of measuring 45Ca
      activity. TFCaA was calculated both by deconvolution taken as a reference method
      and from the equilibrium quotient 45Ca/47Ca observed in several blood or urine
      samples collected at different times. The most convenient sampling time for
      calculation of this ratio was reappraised, taking into account the type of
      solution ingested orally (water or milk). The results indicate that simultaneous
      counting of gamma- and beta-activities of an appropriate plasma or urine sample
      provides a good and rapid measure of the calcium absorption. This method is
      considered to be useful as a clinical tool.

PMID- 3886816
TI  - Fracture of the hip in the elderly. A survey of Kentucky medicare patients.

PMID- 3886817
TI  - The pragmatic skills of learning disabled children: a review.

PMID- 3886818
TI  - Adaptive behavior: designator of a continuum of severity of learning disabled
      individuals.

PMID- 3886819
TI  - Use of EMG biofeedback procedures with learning disabled children in a clinical
      and an educational setting.

PMID- 3886820
TI  - Vision training revisited.

PMID- 3886821
TI  - Very small fat cells. II. Initial observations on basal and hormone-stimulated
      metabolism.
AB  - Very small fat cells (less than 35 micron diameter) and normal large fat cells
      (greater than 40 micron diameter) were isolated from adult Fischer 344 rat
      epididymal adipose depots. These very small fat cell preparations were free from
      normal, large fat cells (40-130 micron diameter) and stromal-vascular elements.
      Examination by electron microscopy and lipid analysis showed a similarity in
      overall organization and composition to normal, large fat cells. Incubations with
      [U-14C]glucose showed that the very small fat cell preparations oxidized glucose
      in proportion to both cell number and time. These preparations also responded to
      insulin, increasing [U-14C]glucose oxidation in a manner similar to normal large
      fat cell preparations (i.e., 2- to 4-fold increases in CO2 production with
      insulin stimulation). The very small fat cells also incorporated radiolabeled
      glucose into lipids; but, unlike normal large fat cells, insulin failed to
      stimulate this process. Glycerol release from very small fat cells was stimulated
      by lipolytic hormones in a manner similar to these responses in co-isolated large
      fat cells.

PMID- 3886822
TI  - Georgian to lead American pediatricians.

PMID- 3886823
TI  - The production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the human thyroid
      microsome.
AB  - By suitable immunization of mice and fusion of their spleen cells with a non
      secretor mouse myeloma line, monoclonal antibodies have been produced which react
      with the human thyroid microsomal (M) antigen. These monoclonal antibodies showed
      no reactivity by enzyme-linked immunoassay with liver microsomes or thyroglobulin
      and their specificity was confirmed by immunolocalization studies, in which they
      showed the staining characteristics of human M antibodies. All four monoclonal
      antibodies tested were immunoglobulin M; three were cytotoxic to thyroid cell
      monolayers. The lack of cytotoxicity with the fourth monoclonal supports the
      concept that certain epitopes of the M antigen may be partially or completely
      absent at the thyroid cell surface. These monoclonal antibodies should permit
      further characterization of the thyroid M antigen in view of their absence of
      cross-reactivity with thyroglobulin.

PMID- 3886824
TI  - The priming effect of LH-releasing hormone: effects of cold and involvement of
      new protein synthesis.
AB  - The possible involvement of protein synthesis in the priming effect of LH
      releasing hormone (LHRH) has been investigated in vitro using hemipituitary
      glands from pro-oestrous rats. Cycloheximide (7.1 mumol/l) blocked the priming
      effect of LHRH (elicited by 8.5 nmol LHRH/l) and protein synthesis (assessed by
      gel electrophoresis of 35S-labelled pituitary proteins). Pituitary glands were
      also incubated at 0-1 degrees C followed by incubation at 37 degrees C. While
      incubation at 0 degrees C for either 1 or 2 h reduced LH release and blocked
      protein synthesis, the LH response to LHRH in a subsequent 1-h incubation at 37
      degrees C was similar to that during the corresponding period in pituitary glands
      incubated throughout at 37 degrees C. Incubation with medium alone at 0 degrees C
      during the first hour followed by incubation with LHRH at 37 degrees C during the
      second hour resulted in an LH response to LHRH which was similar to that in
      glands incubated with LHRH for 2 successive hours at 37 degrees C. Two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that LHRH priming was associated with the
      synthesis of a new protein of approximately 69 000 molecular weight and with
      changes in the isoelectric point of two other high molecular weight proteins.
      These results suggest that the priming effect of LHRH involves the synthesis of a
      new protein as well as post-translational changes (possibly phosphorylation) in
      two other proteins and that exposure to cold may prime the pituitary gland to
      LHRH possibly by stimulating intracellular Ca2+ release and/or protein
      phosphorylation.

PMID- 3886825
TI  - Pituitary and gonadal response to exogenous LH-releasing hormone in the male
      domestic cat.
AB  - To determine the influence of exogenous LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) on serum LH
      and testosterone, ten adult male domestic cats received three treatments on a
      rotating schedule at 10-day intervals as follows: (I) 0.1 ml saline i.m.
      (control); (II) 10 micrograms LHRH i.m., single injection; (III) 10 micrograms
      LHRH i.m., two injections given at a 2-h interval. Serial blood samples collected
      over a 360-min interval were analysed by radio-immunoassay for LH and
      testosterone. Although baseline serum LH values in saline-treated animals
      (treatment I) varied markedly among individual cats (2.2-29.2 micrograms/l),
      there was no evidence of pulsatile LH release or alterations in testosterone over
      time within individual males. In treatment II, the single injection of LHRH
      induced a rapid rise in mean serum LH within 30 min in all cats (mean peak, 88.2
      +/- 9.8 micrograms/l), which returned to baseline by 120 min after LHRH. Mean
      testosterone increased within 30 min in this group (from 6.03 +/- 2.18 to 18.55
      +/- 3.36 nmol/l), peaked at the 60-min collection (19.76 +/- 2.77 nmol/l) and
      returned to baseline by the 150-min sample. After treatment III, serum LH peaked
      at 131.6 +/- 13.6 micrograms/l within 30 min of the initial LHRH injection. A
      second injection of LHRH produced another LH surge within 30 min, but in all cats
      this second response was of a lower magnitude (mean peak, 69.0 +/- 14.5
      micrograms/l) and shorter duration (P less than 0.05). The second LHRH injection
      sustained peripheral testosterone levels for approximately 1 additional
      h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3886826
TI  - Regression of established pulmonary metastases and subcutaneous tumor mediated by
      the systemic administration of high-dose recombinant interleukin 2.
AB  - Incubation of resting lymphoid cells with recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2) in
      vitro leads to the generation of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells capable
      of lysing fresh tumor cell suspensions in short-term chromium-release assays. Our
      previous studies (7) have demonstrated that the injection of LAK cells plus low
      doses of recombinant IL-2 were capable of inhibiting the growth of pulmonary
      metastases. We have now explored the ability of high doses of recombinant IL-2,
      administered systemically, to generate LAK cells in vivo, and to mediate
      antitumor effects directly. Administration of increasing doses of recombinant IL
      2 intraperitoneally resulted in the generation of LAK cells in the spleens of
      recipient mice. Doses of 100,000 U recombinant IL-2 administered
      intraperitoneally approximately every 8 h for 5 d were capable of dramatically
      inhibiting established 3-d pulmonary metastases from the MCA-105 and MCA-106
      syngeneic sarcomas and the syngeneic B16 melanoma in C57BL/6 mice. Grossly
      visible metastases present at 10 d after tumor injection also underwent
      regression following IL-2 therapy. Surprisingly, established 10 d pulmonary
      metastases were more susceptible to the effects of IL-2 than were the smaller 3 d
      pulmonary metastases. All antitumor effects of the systemic administration of
      recombinant IL-2 were eliminated if mice received prior treatment with 500 rad
      total body irradiation. The administration of high doses of recombinant IL-2 was
      also capable of inhibiting the growth of 3-d established subcutaneous tumors from
      the MCA-105 sarcoma, and of mediating the inhibition of growth and regression of
      established palpable subcutaneous MCA-105 sarcomas. Lymphocytes, which appeared
      morphologically to be activated, were present at the site of regressing tumor,
      and it appears that the mechanism of the antitumor effect of recombinant IL-2
      administered systemically is via the generation of LAK cells in vivo, although
      this hypothesis remains to be proven. The ready availability of high doses of
      recombinant human IL-2, and the demonstration of antitumor effects seen in animal
      models have led us to the initiation of the clinical trials of recombinant IL-2
      in humans.

PMID- 3886827
TI  - gp72, the 72 kilodalton glycoprotein, is the membrane acceptor site for C3 on
      Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes.
AB  - We examined the interaction of complement component C3 with surface molecules on
      Trypanosoma cruzi. Five- to six-fold more C3 was bound to epimastigotes (Epi)
      than to metacyclic trypomastigotes (CMT) of strain M88. Epi and CMT were surface
      iodinated, then incubated in C8-deficient serum, and detergent lysates were
      applied to anti-C3 antibody that had been coupled to Sepharose. We found that
      9.20-10.24% of applied 125I-Epi protein bound to anti-C3-sepharose, compared to
      2.64% binding of 125I-CMT protein. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis showed that C3 was attached to 125I-Epi protein by a covalent
      bond. Samples eluted from anti-C3-sepharose with hydroxylamine revealed a single,
      major, 72 kD band, suggesting that C3b attaches almost exclusively to the 72 kD
      glycoprotein of Epi by a hydroxylamine-susceptible ester bond. An antiserum was
      prepared from lysates of serum-treated Epi that had been affinity-purified on
      anti-C3-sepharose. This antiserum immunoprecipitated a single 72 kD component
      (gp72) from surface-iodinated Epi, and specifically recognized only gp72 from Epi
      in immunoblots. In contrast to the results with Epi, gp72 on CMT was not found to
      be an efficient acceptor molecule for C3 deposition. The results are the first to
      evaluate the acceptor site for C3 deposition on a parasite, and they show that
      gp72 on Epi, but not gp72 on CMT, serves as the preferential acceptor for C3
      during antibody-independent alternative complement pathway activation.

PMID- 3886828
TI  - ras Oncogene p21 expression is increased in premalignant lesions and high grade
      bladder carcinoma.
AB  - ras Oncogene p21 antigen is present in the most superficial cells of the normal
      bladder urothelium, as demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining. The pattern
      and intensity of p21 staining of cells in epithelial hyperplasia and low grade
      bladder carcinoma were similar to that seen in the normal urothelium. In
      contrast, epithelial cells in "premalignant" (dysplastic) lesions and high grade
      carcinomas exhibited an intense staining reaction for p21 antigen. ras p21 may be
      a useful marker for the malignant potential of both premalignant lesions and
      carcinomas of the bladder.

PMID- 3886829
TI  - Bone marrow function. I. Peripheral T cells are responsible for the increased
      auto-antiidiotype response of older mice.
AB  - After immunization with trinitrophenyl (TNP)-Ficoll, mice produced both anti-TNP
      antibodies and auto-anti-idiotype (auto-anti-Id) antibodies specific for the anti
      TNP antibody. Older animals produced more auto-anti-Id than did young animals.
      When mice were exposed to a normally lethal dose of irradiation while their bone
      marrow (BM) was partially shielded, they survived and slowly (6 wk) regained
      immune function, as indicated by the number of nucleated cells in their spleen
      and the in vitro primary plaque-forming cell (PFC) response of their spleen cells
      to TNP-treated aminoethylated polyacrylamide beads. Recovery is presumably the
      result of repopulation of the peripheral lymphoid system by cells originating in
      the BM. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and by hapten-augmentable
      PFC assay, we show that, after recovery from irradiation with their BM shielded,
      old animals produce low auto-anti-Id responses, like those of young animals. The
      transfer of splenic T cells into mice irradiated with their BM shielded provided
      evidence that the magnitude of the auto-anti-Id response is controlled by the
      peripheral T cells. Thus, mice that received splenic T cells from aged donors
      produced high levels of auto-anti-Id while those that received splenic T cells
      from young donors produce low levels of auto-anti-Id.

PMID- 3886831
TI  - Immunocytochemistry of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone during spontaneous
      and thyroxine-induced metamorphosis of bullfrogs.
AB  - Double-bridge peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemistry was used to compare
      the developmental appearance of immunoreactive LH-RH (ir-LH-RH) in brains of
      bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles during either spontaneous or thyroxine
      induced metamorphosis. During spontaneous metamorphosis, ir-LH-RH was localized
      in fibers of the external layer of the median eminence (ME) of stage XIII-XXV
      animals, while immunoreactive perikarya and other immunostained brain structures
      were absent. The extent and intensity of ME immunostaining increased
      concomitantly with measured ME morphological development. Tadpoles induced with
      thyroxine to metamorphic stages XIX-XXI exhibited ME structural development and
      neurohypophysial neurosecretory staining similar to spontaneously metamorphosed
      individuals of equal stages. However, comparable ME ir-LH-RH immunostaining and
      gonadal size were both less developed in thyroxine-treated animals, although
      increased relative to non-metamorphic vehicle-injected controls. These results
      indicate that the hypothalamic LH-RH system changes concurrently with ME
      structural development during spontaneous metamorphosis. Reduced ME ir-LH-RH
      staining and gonadal size in thyroxine-treated animals suggest that during
      prometamorphosis, factors other than thyroxine alone may coordinate the normal
      maturation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis of the bullfrog.

PMID- 3886832
TI  - Effect of adenine, cytidine and guanosine on the expression of the SOS system in
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Addition of cytidine or guanosine to UV-irradiated cells of a RecA+ strain of
      Escherichia coli did not produce any effect on the induction of two SOS
      functions: inhibition of cell division and expression of the umuC gene. Under the
      same conditions adenine gave a slight increase in the induction of these two
      responses. In a RecA441 mutant growing at 42 degrees C, both cytidine and
      guanosine inhibited these SOS functions, whereas adenine produced a large
      increase in their expression. Moreover, the ATP concentration of the RecA441
      mutant at 42 degrees C showed a decrease which occurred earlier in the cells
      growing in the presence of cytidine or guanosine than in the absence of either
      compound. Adenine induced an increase of about three times the initial ATP
      concentration of this mutant at 42 degrees C which dropped quickly after 10 min.
      Neither cytidine nor guanosine increased the evolution of cellular ATP in UV
      irradiated cells of the RecA+ strain, whereas adenine had only a slight positive
      effect. However, in UV-irradiated RecA+ cells with and without adenine, ATP
      levels dropped quickly to the initial value after 20 min. These data suggest that
      the influence of adenine, cytidine and guanosine on the expression of the RecA441
      phenotype at 42 degrees C may be due to alteration of the cellular ATP
      concentration of this mutant.

PMID- 3886833
TI  - The location of a mutation affecting ribosomal protein synthesis by Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - A mutation in a strain of Escherichia coli 15 produced ribosomes by an abnormal
      pathway that caused the accumulation of 47S ribonucleoprotein particles. The
      mutation was transferred to strains of E. coli K12 by transductions with
      bacteriophage P1cam and was at about 82 min, between cysE and pyrE and rather
      closer to the latter. The location and the physiological properties of the mutant
      suggested that the mutation was in the rpmB,G transcription unit and affected the
      synthesis of ribosomal proteins L28 and L33.

PMID- 3886834
TI  - Plasma-membrane phospholipid unsaturation affects expression of the general amino
      acid permease in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y185.
AB  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y185, enriched in linoleyl residues and incubated for up
      to 4 h in derepression buffer, more rapidly acquired general amino-acid permease
      (GAP) activity, as measured by the rate of accumulation of L-alanine, compared
      with organisms enriched in oleyl residues. A GAP-less mutant incubated under the
      same conditions did not acquire further L-alanine-accumulating ability,
      irrespective of the nature of the fatty-acyl enrichment. During derepression, KT
      values for the GAP were virtually identical irrespective of the fatty-acyl
      enrichment, but Vmax values were greater for linoleyl residue-enriched organisms,
      particularly after 1 h in derepression buffer. During incubation in derepression
      buffer, organisms with either fatty-acyl enrichment did not differ in the size of
      the amino-N pool, the concentration of L-alanine in that pool, rates of protein
      synthesis and glucose fermentation, or rate and extent of incorporation of label
      from H2 32PO-4. Under conditions used to measure rates of L-alanine accumulation,
      organisms with either enrichment showed no evidence of metabolism of accumulated
      L-alanine.

PMID- 3886835
TI  - The effect of sorbic acid and esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid on the protonmotive
      force in Escherichia coli membrane vesicles.
AB  - The effect of three food preservatives, sorbic acid and methyl and butyl esters
      of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, on the protonmotive force in Escherichia coli membrane
      vesicles was investigated. Radioactive chemical probes were used to determine the
      two components of the protonmotive force: delta pH (pH difference) and delta psi
      (membrane potential). Both types of compound selectively eliminated delta pH
      across the membrane, while leaving delta psi much less disturbed indicating that
      transport inhibition by neutralization of the protonmotive force cannot be the
      only mechanism of action for the food preservatives tested.

PMID- 3886836
TI  - Energy coupling to K+ uptake via the Trk system in Escherichia coli: the role of
      ATP.
AB  - The dual energy requirement (protonmotive force and ATP) of the Escherichia coli
      Trk potassium transport system has been investigated. Using inhibitors and unc
      mutants we show that Trk is not an ATPase but may be regulated by ATP. Possible
      mechanisms of energy coupling to Trk are discussed.

PMID- 3886830
TI  - Henry G. Kunkel 1916-1983. An appreciation of the man and his scientific
      contributions & a bibliography of his research papers.

PMID- 3886837
TI  - Mechanism of action of nikkomycin and the peptide transport system of Candida
      albicans.
AB  - Nikkomycin was found to be a potent growth inhibitor of Candida albicans through
      competitive inhibition of chitin synthase [Ki = 0.16 microM (0.1 microgram ml
      1)]. The activity of the peptide-nucleoside drug was antagonized by both peptone
      and defined peptides. Transported dipeptides were effective antagonists while
      transported oligopeptides were not. A mutant of C. albicans resistant to the
      effects of nikkomycin through a transport defect was unable to transport
      dipeptides, while oligopeptide uptake was apparently unaffected. At least two
      peptide permeases are operational in this organism.

PMID- 3886838
TI  - Reaction components influencing CAMP factor induced lysis.
AB  - The reaction components and conditions affecting CAMP factor (Streptococcus
      agalactiae) induced lysis of target cells have been investigated. Both the amount
      of sphingomyelinase used and the time of preincubation with sphingomyelinase
      directly affected the rate of haemolysis by CAMP factor. The CAMP factor induced
      lysis was temperature dependent between 15 and 30 degrees C and was proportional
      to the amount of CAMP factor added.

PMID- 3886839
TI  - Expression of the Pseudomonas gene coding for carboxypeptidase G2 in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The Pseudomonas gene coding for carboxypeptidase G2 was introduced into
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae on an Escherichia coli/yeast shuttle vector pROG5. The
      level of enzyme activity obtained was independent of the orientation of the gene
      within the pBR322-derived tetracycline resistance gene of the vector, indicating
      that expression can occur from a Pseudomonas promoter in yeast.

PMID- 3886840
TI  - Inducible plasmid-mediated copper resistance in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The copper resistance in Escherichia coli determined by plasmid pRJ1004 is
      inducible. The level of resistance is proportional to the inducing dose of
      copper. The level of copper resistance in induced and uninduced cells changes
      with the growth phase of the culture. Induced resistant cells accumulate less
      copper than uninduced cells, so that reduced accumulation may be the mechanism of
      resistance. We propose that the inducible plasmid-coded copper resistance
      interacts with the normal metabolism of the cell to protect against toxic levels
      of copper while allowing continued operation of copper-dependent functions.

PMID- 3886841
TI  - In vitro evaluation of current disinfectants for leg bags.
AB  - An in vitro study was performed investigating the bactericidal ability of five
      common cleaning agents for leg bags against organisms frequently causing urinary
      tract infection in spinal cord injured (SCI) patients. Individual disposable
      Uridrain leg bags were inoculated with urine containing greater than 10(5)
      colonies/ml of the selected organism. The organisms used were: Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Providencia stuartii, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
      Serratia marcescens, Herellea, and Enterococcus. Each pair of inoculated bags
      (one bag for immediate or 0 hour culture and one bag for 24 hour culture) was
      filled with 30 ml of the test solution, cleaned, drained, and then cultured. The
      tested solutions included: plain tap water, 1/4% acetic acid, 3% hydrogen
      peroxide, Sporicidin 1:16 dilution, and 0.06% sodium hypochlorite. The results
      demonstrated that plain tap water had no effect on reducing the bacterial counts
      and that 1/4% acetic acid and 3% hydrogen peroxide had only a marginal effect
      across the spectrum of organisms. Sporicidin and 0.06% sodium hypochlorite
      exhibited complete bactericidal ability. In the final analysis, 0.06% sodium
      hypochlorite is the most cost efficient and readily accessible to patients. In
      practical application, disinfecting daily with 0.06% sodium hypochlorite can
      decrease external contamination of urinary drainage appliances in SCI patients.

PMID- 3886842
TI  - Urinary tract infections in male spinal cord injured patients. Part one:
      Bacteriologic diagnosis.
AB  - Seventy-one paired samples of urine, obtained by collection of a clean voided
      specimen and by suprapubic aspiration of the bladder (SPA), were obtained from 53
      male spinal cord injured patients who were free of indwelling catheters. A direct
      comparison of the number of colony forming units of bacteria within the paired
      specimens indicates that single voided specimen is adequate in 63 of 71 (88.7%)
      instances. While using a threshold of 10(4) organisms per cc of urine obtained by
      SPA, the presence of at least 10(4) organisms per cc of voided urine provided a
      sensitivity and specificity both of 100%. Such high degree of correlation between
      SPA and voided specimen is explained on the basis of altered urodynamics in these
      patients and repeated contamination and transmission of bacteria from anterior
      urethra into the bladder. In patients with colony counts of 10(2) to 10(4) per
      cc, in which the voided urine contains mixed flora or staphylococci, bladder
      urine is most likely to be sterile and accurate assessment may require SPA of the
      bladders. The lack of normal voluntary control of bladder emptying in these
      patients made collection of SPA samples easier than voided specimens.
      Conventionally accepted criteria for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection
      lack sensitivity when applied to this group of patients.

PMID- 3886843
TI  - Characterization of membrane-bound aminopeptidases from rat brain: identification
      of the enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase.
AB  - Rat brain aminopeptidase activity was solubilized from membranes by incubation
      with thiols. This novel procedure resulted in the release of the same two
      aminopeptidases (MI and MII) previously shown to be solubilized by the nonionic
      detergent Triton X-100. The solubilized aminopeptidases MI and MII were resolved
      by ion-exchange chromatography and further purified by hydroxylapatite
      chromatography. Aminopeptidase MI was shown to hydrolyze only the beta
      naphthylamides of arginine and lysine whereas aminopeptidase MII exhibited a
      broad specificity with respect to amino acid beta-naphthylamides. Only
      aminopeptidase MII hydrolyzed Leu-enkephalin at a significant rate, indicating
      that this enzyme can account for the membrane-bound enkephalin aminopeptidase
      activity. The enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase is potently inhibited by opioid
      (alpha-neo-endorphin and dynorphin) as well as nonopioid (substance P,
      somatostatin, and angiotensin I) peptides in the range of 0.2-2.0 microM. The
      regional distribution of aminopeptidases MI and MII in rat brain are rather
      different, with aminopeptidase MII distribution more closely paralleling the
      distribution of opiate receptors.

PMID- 3886844
TI  - Purification and characterization of four NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductases
      from pig brain.
AB  - By a procedure involving ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and
      affinity chromatography, four aldehyde reductases (ALRs) were purified to
      enzymatic homogeneity from pig brain. These enzymes, designated ALR1, ALR2, ALR3,
      and succinic semialdehyde reductase were chemically and physically identical
      with, respectively, the high-Km aldehyde reductase, the low-Km aldehyde
      reductase, carbonyl reductase, and succinic semialdehyde reductase of other
      tissues and species. The purification procedure allows the purification of these
      enzymes from the same tissue homogenate in amounts sufficient for
      characterization and other enzymatic studies. This methodology should be
      applicable to the simultaneous and rapid purification of aldehyde reductases from
      other tissues.

PMID- 3886845
TI  - Identification of pig brain aldehyde reductases with the high-Km aldehyde
      reductase, the low-Km aldehyde reductase and aldose reductase, carbonyl
      reductase, and succinic semialdehyde reductase.
AB  - Four NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductases (ALRs) isolated from pig brain have been
      characterized with respect to substrate specificity, inhibition by drugs, and
      immunological criteria. The major enzyme, ALR1, is identical in these respects
      with the high-Km aldehyde reductase, glucuronate reductase, and tissue-specific,
      e.g., pig kidney aldehyde reductase. A second enzyme, ALR2, is identical with the
      low-Km aldehyde reductase and aldose reductase. The third enzyme, ALR3, is
      carbonyl reductase and has several features in common with prostaglandin-9
      ketoreductase and xenobiotic ketoreductase. The fourth enzyme, unlike the other
      three which are monomeric, is a dimeric succinic semialdehyde reductase. All four
      of these enzymes are capable of reducing aldehydes derived from the biogenic
      amines. However, from a consideration of their substrate specificities and the
      relevant Km and Vmax values, it is likely that it is ALR2 which plays a primary
      role in biogenic aldehyde metabolism. Both ALR1 and ALR2 may be involved in the
      reduction of isocorticosteroids. Despite its capacity to reduce ketones, ALR3 is
      primarily an aldehyde reductase, but clues as to its physiological role in brain
      cannot be discerned from its substrate specificity. The capacity of succinic
      semialdehyde reductase to reduce succinic semialdehyde better than any other
      substrate shows that this reductase is aptly named and suggests that its primary
      role is the maintenance in brain of physiological levels of gamma
      hydroxybutyrate.

PMID- 3886846
TI  - Effects of insulin and streptozotocin-induced diabetes on brain norepinephrine
      metabolism in rats.
AB  - Administration of insulin (2 IU/kg, i.p.) produced a significant decrease (18%)
      in forebrain norepinephrine and a significant increase in the major metabolite of
      norepinephrine, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol-sulfate (MOPEG-SO4, +19%) in
      rats. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes produced the opposite effects, resulting in
      an increase in forebrain norepinephrine (+17%) and a decrease in MOPEG-SO4 (
      26%). In addition, insulin increased (+143%) and diabetes decreased (-41%) the
      turnover rate of norepinephrine, as measured by the rate of decrease of
      norepinephrine following inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase by alpha-methyl-p
      tyrosine. All of these effects in diabetic rats were reversed by insulin
      replacement therapy. These data are discussed within the context of mood
      disorders characteristic of diabetic patients.

PMID- 3886847
TI  - Immunolocalization of laminin in neoplasms of the central and peripheral nervous
      systems.
AB  - Laminin is a basement membrane glycoprotein that is expressed in vitro by
      immature and neoplastic astrocytes. The expression of laminin in vivo was
      examined immunohistochemically in normal adult brain and 90 neoplasms of the
      central and peripheral nervous systems. In normal adult brain, laminin was
      detected in the vasculature, arachnoid, pial-glial membrane, and choroid plexus.
      The vasculature in all 90 tumors demonstrated intense laminin immunoreactivity.
      Deposits of laminin were observed at the glioma-mesenchymal junction in several
      neoplasms, but never between or within neuroepithelial cells. The glial basement
      membrane often remained intact although surrounded on both sides by invasive
      glioma or medulloblastoma. However, there was always fragmentation and disruption
      of the glial membrane in adjacent fields. Laminin expression by tumor cells was
      observed in 10/10 schwannomas, 9/10 fibroblastic meningiomas, 3/19
      nonfibroblastic meningiomas, and 3/6 mixed glioma-sarcomas. Laminin expression in
      the normal nervous system and in neuroepithelial neoplasms corresponds to regions
      of recognized basal lamina formation, including the junction between glial and
      mesenchymal elements. Although invasive gliomas are able to break down the pial
      glial basement membrane and gain access to the perivascular or subarachnoid
      space, this membrane often remains intact late in the invasive process and may
      represent a partial barrier to tumor invasion. Laminin may be a useful marker for
      schwannomas, fibroblastic meningiomas, and vascular neoplasms of the nervous
      system.

PMID- 3886849
TI  - Decontamination of formaldehyde-fixed cerebral tissues of Creutzfeldt-Jakob
      disease by autoclaving, without the loss of microscopic visual quality.

PMID- 3886848
TI  - Application of flow cytometry to analyses of cultured human glioma and fetal
      brain cells.
AB  - Methods are described to study cell surface and cytoplasmic antigens of cultured
      human glioma, fetal brain cells and fibroblasts using flow cytometry. This
      required harvesting the cultured cells with Versene or mild trypsin treatment and
      fixation in 4% paraformaldehyde prior to staining for glial fibrillary acidic
      protein (GFAP) and fibronectin using indirect immunofluorescence. At passage 10,
      38% of fetal brain cells [CHII] were GFAP-positive but at passage 14 only 3.5%
      expressed GFAP. Two glioblastomas and an anaplastic astrocytoma had 38.8%, 6.7%
      and 81.3% GFAP-positive cells, respectively. Of the 10(4) cells studied, 91.6%,
      79.1% and 40.8% were fibronectin-positive for glioblastoma multiforme [12-18],
      oligodendroglioma [12-10] and fetal brain [CHII] cells, respectively. Two
      fibroblast lines had 33.5% and 43.1% of the cells expressing fibronectin. The
      validity of these results was confirmed by staining for GFAP and fibronectin
      using peroxidase-antiperoxidase and immunofluorescence microscopy. Using low
      angle forward light scatter to estimate cell size and gating techniques it was
      found that GFAP-positive CHII and anaplastic astrocytoma cells were generally
      larger than GFAP-negative cells of the same type. No correlation between cell
      size and fibronectin expression was found for glioblastoma [12-18] cells. These
      results demonstrate the validity of the described methods and illustrate some
      specific applications and the potential value of flow cytometry to neurooncology.

PMID- 3886850
TI  - Efficacy of chymopapain chemonucleolysis. A long-term review of 105 patients.
AB  - A 9- to 12-year follow-up review was conducted in 105 of 124 patients who were
      treated with chymopapain chemonucleolysis for herniated lumbar disc. The data
      were obtained from responses to a questionnaire. Seventy-nine patients (75.2%)
      reported marked improvement, six (5.7%) had slight improvement, and 20 (19.0%)
      had no improvement. Of the 87 patients not receiving workman's compensation, 70
      patients (80.5%) had marked improvement; four (4.6%) had slight improvement; and
      13 (14.9%) had no improvement. Of the 18 compensation cases, nine patients
      (50.0%) had marked improvement; two patients (11.1%) had slight improvement; and
      seven patients (38.9%) had no improvement. These results are comparable to those
      reported for surgical discectomy, and confirm that chymopapain chemonucleolysis
      is an alternative to surgery.

PMID- 3886851
TI  - Results of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis in ventriculostomy and
      shunting procedures. A double-blind randomized trial.
AB  - The author reports the results of a study to assess the effectiveness of a
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination as prophylaxis in ventriculostomy or
      shunting operations. Between 1980 and 1983, 122 patients undergoing shunting
      procedures were randomly assigned to receive trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Group
      1, 62 cases) or a placebo (Group 2, 60 cases). The same regimen was followed at
      each operation, and the patients were followed for a minimum of 6 months. There
      was a higher infection rate in the placebo group (14 of 60 patients compared with
      4 of 62 patients in the antibiotic group, p less than 0.01). The antibiotic
      protected against early infections (nine of the 60 patients in Group 2 against
      none of the patients in Group 1), but not against late infections (four of the 62
      in Group 1 compared with five of the 60 in Group 2). During the same period, 52
      patients undergoing ventriculostomy only were also randomly assigned to receive
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Group 3) or placebo (Group 4). There were no
      differences in the infection rates between these groups (one of 25 in Group 3 as
      against one of 27 in Group 4).

PMID- 3886852
TI  - Pioneers in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.

PMID- 3886853
TI  - Comparison of "direct" and "indirect" radionuclide cystography.
AB  - Thirty children were studied using both direct (catheter) and indirect techniques
      of radionuclide cystography. Of 54 ureters able to be compared, six showed vesico
      ureteric reflux (VUR) on the direct study but were read as negative on the
      indirect cystogram, and five showed no reflux on the direct cystogram but were
      read as positive for VUR on the indirect study. (Sensitivity of 68% and
      specificity of 86%). Regarding ureters read as true positives on indirect study,
      if that ureter has ever shown reflux at any time, or if it drained a scarred
      kidney specificity was improved to 97% without changing the sensitivity. Concerns
      about the validity of indirect cystogram results and the ease of assessment and
      low radiation dose from the direct cystogram has made direct cystography our
      preferred technique.

PMID- 3886854
TI  - Vascular thrombosis in acute hepatic allograft rejection: scintigraphic
      appearance.
AB  - Hepatobiliary imaging with 99mTc diisopropyl iminodiacetic acid was employed
      serially in a patient with an hepatic allograft, in order to follow the function
      of the transplant. Initially improving liver uptake and biliary excretion was
      observed; however, 12 days postoperative with clinical deterioration the
      scintigrams revealed an absence of uptake ("phantom" liver), due to thrombosis of
      the hepatic artery related to acute rejection. Hepatobiliary imaging can be
      helpful in the study of hepatic allografts.

PMID- 3886856
TI  - Leaders in medicine: William C. McCurdy, Jr., M.D.

PMID- 3886855
TI  - Scintigraphy of diffuse cerebral disease caused by an infantile dural AVM.

PMID- 3886857
TI  - Current status of adhesives in dentistry.

PMID- 3886858
TI  - Antibiotic supplemented bone allografts.

PMID- 3886859
TI  - Recurrence of an ameloblastoma in an autogenous iliac bone graft.

PMID- 3886860
TI  - Repeatability of the mandibular retruded position.
AB  - Repeatability of the centric jaw relation recorded with the one-handed push-back
      technique was tested on six subjects. Condylar positions were radiographically
      recorded using cold cure acrylic indices to lock the jaws in centric. This was
      done on two occasions with an interval of 1 week between recordings. Utilizing
      the subtraction technique, the radiographs of these condylar positions were
      compared. Intra-individual differences were not found to be significant and it
      may be concluded that centric relation registered with the push-back technique
      results in accurate and consistent repositioning of the condyles in the glenoid
      fossa.

PMID- 3886861
TI  - 'Byte-ryte', an apparatus for the determination of the preferred vertical
      dimension of occlusion required for the construction of complete denture
      prosthesis.
AB  - A computer-controlled apparatus is described for the measurement of the preferred
      vertical dimension of occlusion (PVDO). The proposed apparatus guides the dentist
      through the measuring process and calculates the measure of the PVDO from the
      observations made.

PMID- 3886862
TI  - Speech sound distortions caused by changes in complete denture morphology.
AB  - A numerical method for speech analysis has been developed. The method is based on
      sounds spectrograms as carriers of information about individual voice
      characteristics. The effects on speech sounds caused by alterations of the oral
      cavity dimensions with complete dentures of different morphology were analysed.
      Different positions of upper incisors and different thickness of the denture
      palatal plate were used as changeable factors in the longitudinal and transverse
      dimensions of the oral cavity. The effects of these changes on the relative
      duration of separate sounds in a word and the patient adaptation period were also
      analysed. From the results some conclusions of pragmatic value were obtained
      useful in the clinical procedures of denture construction.

PMID- 3886863
TI  - A cantilevered swinglock removable partial denture design for the treatment of
      the partial mandibulectomy patient.
AB  - The use of the swinglock denture concept in the treatment of patients who have
      undergone mandibulectomy is discussed. The rationale for its use in cases with
      and without reconstruction is also discussed by reference to three treated cases.

PMID- 3886864
TI  - The hinge-axis: a review of the literature.
AB  - Study of hinge-axis opening of the mandible has occupied many distinguished
      workers over a large number of years. This paper is an attempt to bring all their
      ideas together into one publication so that readers may reach their own
      conclusions.

PMID- 3886865
TI  - An alternative method for recording the occlusion of the edentulous patient
      during the construction of replacement dentures.
AB  - An alternative method of recording the occlusion for the edentulous patient is
      described. The method is applicable to situations where replacement dentures are
      to be prescribed. In place of conventional record blocks, shellac-based wax
      replicas of the existing dentures are used. Such record blocks facilitate both
      retention of satisfactory features of the existing dentures and also the
      incorporation of specific modifications.

PMID- 3886866
TI  - The effectiveness, in vitro, of miconazole and ketoconazole combined with tissue
      conditioners in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans.
AB  - Two recent antifungal agents, miconazole and ketoconazole, were combined with
      three tissue conditioners and tested in vitro for their effects on the growth of
      Candida albicans. Studies for comparison were carried out using the earlier
      antifungal agents, amphotericin B and nystatin. Miconazole and ketoconazole were
      as effective as nystatin in completely inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans.
      The ineffectiveness of amphotericin B when combined with tissue conditioners as
      an antifungal agent was confirmed. (See Addendum p.181.).

PMID- 3886867
TI  - Growth as a measure of nutritional status.
AB  - Growth data have been used as a measure of nutritional status and disease
      activity in children. This review discusses common anthropometric techniques and
      emphasizes the inference of nutritional status from these measurements. As
      multiple factors influence growth, it is often difficult to isolate the effects
      of nutrition alone.

PMID- 3886868
TI  - Specific autoantibodies to gut epithelium in two infants with severe protracted
      diarrhoea.
AB  - Two male infants with severe protracted diarrhoea presenting at 4 months (patient
      1) and 10 weeks (patient 2) of age are reported. In both patients jejunal biopsy
      showed subtotal villous atrophy. Both had specific complement-fixing
      autoantibodies reacting by immunofluorescence with human duodenal, jejunal, and
      colonic epithelium. Patient 1 also had hypothyroidism and type 1 diabetes
      mellitus with thyroid and islet cell autoantibodies. His gut antibodies were of
      IgG class, reached a titre of 1:512, and remained positive throughout his
      illness. He died at 16 months of age. Patient 2 had gut antibodies of IgM class,
      which reached a titre of 1:128 and disappeared at the time of spontaneous
      recovery of the diarrhoea. The findings suggest that an autoimmune process was
      the basis for the enteropathy in these patients. We recommend that autoantibody
      tests should be performed in infants with unexplained protracted diarrhoea.

PMID- 3886869
TI  - Breast milk lactoferrin levels in relation to maternal nutritional status.
AB  - Lactoferrin was measured in breast milk from Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal
      Australian women using an enzyme immunoassay. There was no diurnal variation in
      lactoferrin concentration or change in concentration between the beginning and
      end of a feed. Lactoferrin levels were significantly higher in the first 15 days
      postpartum than in the period after the 15th day. Regression analysis showed that
      in milk from Aboriginal women less than 15 days postpartum, higher concentrations
      of lactoferrin were associated with weight for height (WFH) greater than 90% and
      with increased parity. Comparable data were not available for Caucasian women.
      For Aboriginal and Caucasian women more than 15 days postpartum, lactoferrin
      concentrations were higher in women greater than 90% WFH. Other variables, such
      as parity, were not significant in the regression.

PMID- 3886870
TI  - Behavioral physical therapy and spina bifida: a case study.

PMID- 3886871
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase and arylsulfatase activity in gingival
      crevicular fluid associated with experimental gingivitis in man.
AB  - Experimental gingivitis provides a useful model for studying the initiation of
      periodontal disease in man. This study evaluated over a 4-week period the Plaque
      Index (PLI), Gingival Bleeding Time Index (GBTI), and gingival crevicular fluid
      (GCF) for resting and flow volume as well as the concentration and total activity
      of three enzymes in the GCF (lactate dehydrogenase--LDH, beta-glucuronidase--BG
      and arylsulfatase--AS) from the maxillary right quadrant of eight subjects with
      healthy gingiva. After rising sharply during the 1st week, the PLI continued to
      increase during the 2nd week but remained constant during the 3rd and 4th weeks.
      The GBTI, and the resting and flow GCF volumes, increased steadily throughout the
      study. LDH concentration in GCF varied minimally during the experiment, while
      total LDH activity rose slightly over the 4-week period. BG concentration and
      total activity in GCF rose steadily from baseline to the 3rd week and then either
      fell or leveled off during the 4th week. AS concentration in GCF rose from
      baseline to the 2nd or 3rd week and then fell. AS total activity in GCF rose from
      baseline to the 2nd week and then remained constant. These data suggest that
      while clinical signs of inflammation increased over the 4 weeks of the
      experiment, a homeostatic mechanism in the crevicular environment may control
      ground substance-degrading enzyme activity during experimental gingivitis in man.

PMID- 3886873
TI  - Response pattern analysis of the Hand Test: age differences.
AB  - Extended the literature on age differences on the Hand Test using a multivariate
      model to examine absolute and relative differences in response. Participants were
      47 adults (M age = 22.47 yrs.), 24 males and 23 females; and 45 older adults (M
      age = 64.87 yrs.), 21 males and 24 females. Data were analyzed in terms of
      percentage of response and absolute frequency of specific responses, between the
      age groups. Results indicated similar findings to those previously reported for
      the Hand Test, though magnitude of personality deterioration or withdrawal was
      lessened, for the percentage analysis. Results indicated the importance of using
      both absolute frequency of response and percentage of response in the
      interpretation of projective test data, especially for older adults.

PMID- 3886872
TI  - The application of a collagen stabilizer to the gingiva of the beagle dog. Effect
      on ligature-induced periodontal disease.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine the effect of crevicular application
      of a collagen stabilizer on ligature-induced periodontal disease in beagle dogs.
      Fourteen male and female dogs, 15 months of age, were studied. The mandibular
      first molars and third and fourth premolars were ligated for 6 months and
      moderate periodontitis resulted. Ligatures were removed for 2 months and then
      replaced for an additional 3 months to experimentally mimic the episodic changes
      seen in human periodontal disease. Following this phase, ligatures were removed
      and the animals were assigned to a placebo or treatment group. Medications were
      then applied intracrevicularly, three times a week over 5 months using an IMAX
      irrigator. Clinical indices measured were plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI),
      gingival crevicular fluid flow (GCF), attachment level (AL), pocket depth (PD)
      and standardized radiographic analysis of alveolar bone height. While overall
      changes in PI, GI and GCF were not significant, the results showed that alveolar
      bone regeneration was increased approximately twice as much in the treatment
      group as compared to the placebo group, PD improved by 20% vs. 12.5% (P less than
      0.001) and AL improved by 8.8% vs. 4.5% (P less than 0.001). The data were also
      evaluated in terms of the response in more severe sites as compared to those less
      severe. The results of these evaluations showed the more severe sites to be
      significantly more responsive to treatment than the less severe sites.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3886874
TI  - A developmental study of reactions to frustration among Scheduled Caste Indians.
AB  - Administered the Indian adaptation of the Rosenzweig P-F Study to 144 Scheduled
      Caste (SC) adolescent and 158 young adult male Indians. The results show that SC
      adolescents scored significantly higher on ego-defensive (ED) and extragressive
      (EA) and lower on need-persistive (NP), introgressive (IA) and imgressive (MA)
      reactions as compared to the Non-Scheduled caste (Non-SC) adolescents while there
      was no significant difference on any reaction among SC and Non-SC young adults.
      SC adolescents scored higher on NP and lower on obstacle-dominance (OD) reaction
      as compared to the SC young adults. Non-SC young adults were higher on EA, ED,
      and OD and lower on IA and NP as compared to those of adolescents. The pattern of
      reactions was ED-EA-NP-IA-MA-OD among adolescents and ED-EA-IA-NP-MA-OD among
      young adults of both the castes.

PMID- 3886875
TI  - Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion.
AB  - There has long been interest in describing emotional experience in terms of
      underlying dimensions, but traditionally only two dimensions, pleasantness and
      arousal, have been reliably found. The reasons for these findings are reviewed,
      and integrating this review with two recent theories of emotions (Roseman, 1984;
      Scherer, 1982), we propose eight cognitive appraisal dimensions to differentiate
      emotional experience. In an investigation of this model, subjects recalled past
      experiences associated with each of 15 emotions, and rated them along the
      proposed dimensions. Six orthogonal dimensions, pleasantness, anticipated effort,
      certainty, attentional activity, self-other responsibility/control, and
      situational control, were recovered, and the emotions varied systematically along
      each of these dimensions, indicating a strong relation between the appraisal of
      one's circumstances and one's emotional state. The patterns of appraisal for the
      different emotions, and the role of each of the dimensions in differentiating
      emotional experience are discussed.

PMID- 3886876
TI  - Metronidazole. An agent in the treatment of anaerobic infections.

PMID- 3886878
TI  - Torque placed by dentists on prefabricated threaded posts.
AB  - Thirty-one dentists were tested relative to the optimal and maximum amount of
      torque they could deliver to posts in teeth. The mean for the optimal amount of
      torque was 15.55 ounce-inches, and the mean for the maximum amount of torque was
      35.29 ounce-inches. Female dentists showed a statistically significantly lower
      mean difference of 24.5 ounce-inches on the maximum torque test.

PMID- 3886877
TI  - Localization of visually evoked cortical activity in humans.
AB  - The locations of cortical activity evoked by visual stimuli presented at
      different positions in the visual field are deduced from the scalp topography of
      visually evoked potentials in humans. To accomplish this, the Laplacian evoked
      potential is measured using a multi-electrode array. It is shown that the
      Laplacian response has the following useful attributes for this purpose. It is
      reference-free. Its spatial resolution is approximately 2 cm referred to the
      surface of the cortex. Its spatial sensitivity characteristic is that of a
      spatial band-pass filter. It is relatively insensitive to source--sink
      configurations that are oriented tangentially to the surface of the scalp. Only
      modest assumptions about the source--sink configuration are required to obtain a
      unique inversion of the scalp topography. Stimuli consisting of checkerboard
      filled octant or annular octant segments are presented as appearance
      disappearance pulses at sixteen different positions in the visual field in
      randomized order. The locations of evoked cortical activity in the occipital,
      parietal and temporal lobes are represented on a Mercator projection map for each
      octant or octant segment stimulated. Lower hemifield stimuli activate cortex
      which lies mainly on the convexity of the occipital lobe contralateral to the
      side of stimulus presentation in the visual field. The more peripheral the
      stimulus is in the visual field, the more rostral is the location of the active
      cortex. The rostral-to-caudal location of the evoked activity varies from subject
      to subject by as much as 3 cm on the surface of the occipital cortex.
      Furthermore, in any single subject there is a substantial amount of hemispheric
      asymmetry. Upper hemifield stimuli activate cortex that lies on the extreme
      caudal pole of the occipital lobe. This activity is relatively weak, and in some
      subjects it is almost unmeasurable. It is suggested that the representation of
      the upper hemifield in the cortex lies mostly on the inferior and mesial walls of
      the occipital lobe and possibly within the calcarine fissures. Those locations
      are inaccessible to the Laplacian analysis because the current generators therein
      may be oriented tangentially to the surface of the overlying scalp. Posterior
      parietal lobe activity and/or inferior temporal lobe activity is frequently
      evoked. Different subjects have different patterns of evoked activity. Unilateral
      or bilateral posterior parietal lobe activity is the most common pattern.
      Unilateral inferior temporal lobe activity is a less common pattern.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3886879
TI  - Laminated single impression technique for cast posts and cores.
AB  - A laminated single impression technique for cast post and core has been
      described. Its advantages are the ease and versatility with prefabricated or
      customized post techniques (Fig. 14) and the one-step registration of single or
      multiple divergent canals. Its disadvantage is the necessity for additional
      laboratory procedures.

PMID- 3886880
TI  - Castability of silver-base fixed partial denture alloys.

PMID- 3886881
TI  - Improved pantograph clutches fabricated intraorally.
AB  - A technique that improves intraorally made autopolymerizing resin pantograph
      clutches has been presented. The resulting clutches are comfortable and stable.
      Even after removing and reinserting the clutches several times, retention is
      sufficient to support the weight of the pantograph. Mandibular clutches have
      sufficient retention for accurate hinge axis location. If necessary, the same
      clutches can easily be relined for tracings during and after treatment. Replacing
      the relining material will adapt the clutches to changes in tooth contour that
      may occur as a result of treatment.

PMID- 3886882
TI  - Accuracy of stone casts produced by perforated trays and nonperforated trays.

PMID- 3886883
TI  - Bond strength of cements to nickel-chromium and silver-palladium alloys.
AB  - The bonding of zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate, and reinforced ZOE cements to
      nickel-chromium and silver-palladium alloys was measured by cementing flat
      surfaces of the metals together. Polycarboxylate cement produced higher bond
      strengths than the other two cements to both metals. Polycarboxylate cement
      bonded better to nickel-chromium alloys than to a silver-palladium alloy. Zinc
      phosphate and reinforced ZOE cements had similar bond strengths except for
      Biobond, to which zinc phosphate cement provided higher bond strength.
      Polycarboxylate cement failed cohesively to both types of metals, and zinc
      phosphate and reinforced ZOE cements failed adhesively.

PMID- 3886884
TI  - Resin-bonded etched-metal rest seats.

PMID- 3886885
TI  - Determination of approximate size of maxillary anterior denture teeth when
      mandibular anterior teeth are present. Part II: Mold selection.

PMID- 3886886
TI  - Methods taught in dental schools for determining the posterior palatal seal
      region.
AB  - The following conclusions summarize the results of a survey sent to the
      chairperson of the removable prosthodontic department of 70 dental schools
      regarding the concepts and techniques taught for developing the posterior palatal
      seal. A combination of clinical methods was most frequently taught for locating
      the vibrating line. The phonation of the Ah sound was the most popular single
      method taught for locating the vibrating line. Seventy-five percent of the dental
      schools taught that there is one vibrating line per person. The posterior flexion
      line was related to the distal termination of the maxillary denture by dental
      schools that teach the concept of two vibrating lines. Most dental schools
      (80.4%) do not use the fovea palatinae for locating the distal termination of the
      maxillary denture. Most dental schools (87.5%) teach students to carve the
      posterior palatal seal on the maxillary master cast. Most dental schools (93.9%)
      take the compressibility of the palatal tissue into consideration when carving
      the depth of the posterior palatal seal in the maxillary master cast. The
      butterfly pattern was most frequently described to carve the posterior palatal
      seal in the maxillary master cast.

PMID- 3886887
TI  - Speech considerations in prosthodontic rehabilitation of the glossectomy patient.
AB  - A knowledge of normal articulation is needed before the prosthodontist can assess
      the compensatory articulation used by glossectomy patients. The amount and
      portion of tongue resected is directly correlated with speech intelligibility.
      The loss of the tip of the tongue is more critical to intelligibility than a
      hemiglossectomy. Partial glossectomy speakers can often use the residual tongue
      stump to perform adaptive movements that approximate normal movements and should
      be treated as an articulation problem. The compensatory articulation used by the
      total glossectomy patient was reviewed. The prosthodontic management of patients
      with partial tongue resection often includes lowering the palatal vault, while
      the management of the total glossectomy patient usually requires a mandibular
      tongue prosthesis. These prostheses can be refined with the use of multiview
      videofluoroscopy, videotaping, and spectrographic analysis.

PMID- 3886888
TI  - Photocclusion technique for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative occlusal
      contact registration.

PMID- 3886889
TI  - Prosthodontic treatment and retreatment of 845 servicemen.
AB  - Results of the fixed prosthodontic treatment of 845 servicemen have been shown.
      Similar to other studies, most crowns were placed in the maxilla. Differences and
      similarities to other studies were found regarding the fixed prosthodontic
      treatment per tooth type. The fact that 15% of the crowns placed in the period
      1958 to 1977 needed retreatment should be a subject for further analysis.

PMID- 3886890
TI  - Balancing ramps in nonanatomic complete denture occlusion.

PMID- 3886891
TI  - Putty materials for stable removable partial denture bases.

PMID- 3886893
TI  - Duplicate casts in fabrication of temporary removable partial dentures.
AB  - The use of blocked-out duplicate casts in the fabrication of temporary removable
      partial dentures has been described. Temporary removable partial dentures
      produced in this controlled manner fit properly and aid in minimizing intraoral
      damage. Accuracy of fit is assured because all relief is accomplished by block
      out on the surveyor during the laboratory phase rather than by random grinding of
      the prosthesis at insertion. In addition, the original cast is salvaged and can
      be used as a meaningful reference during the finishing process in the laboratory
      (Fig. 5).

PMID- 3886892
TI  - In-office permanent denture base correction technique.
AB  - A repair compound made by mixing pink denture base acrylic resin polymer and
      methyl-2-cyanoacrylate makes it possible to accomplish many denture corrections
      permanently as in-office procedures. The resulting repairs display color
      stability and strength that make them virtually indistinguishable from the
      original denture base. All necessary materials are readily available, and time
      consuming laboratory processing for repairs can be avoided. This procedure is
      easily adapted to correct errors such as a complete denture not in centric
      relation due to incorrect mounting or faulty records, improper vertical dimension
      of occlusion, alteration of anterior tooth arrangement required to change
      esthetics, and a broken denture base.

PMID- 3886894
TI  - Final impression trays from existing dentures.

PMID- 3886895
TI  - An alternative resin-bonded restoration.

PMID- 3886896
TI  - [Comparative ultrastructural study of the process of hemoglobin degradation by P.
      berghei (Vincke and Lips, 1948) as a function of the state of maturity of the
      host cell].
AB  - By serial sectioning and 3D reconstruction we have been able to demonstrate that
      the type of system for hemoglobin digestion in two strains of Plasmodium berghei,
      N and RC, is dependent on the maturity of the host cell. In parasites growing in
      erythrocytes, both systems for the endocytosis of hemoglobin-micropinocytosis and
      the cytostomal system (i.e. a cytostome budding a cytostomal tube that releases
      food vacuoles)-are fully functional and produce a great quantity of residual
      pigment. Parasites growing in reticulocytes have a disrupted cytostomal system;
      no tube is formed and only food vacuoles are visible in their cytoplasm. Residual
      pigment is smaller in size and in quantity. The reduced quantity of pigment in
      reticulocytes is explained by our observation of the exocytosis of pigment. We
      propose a hypothesis that relates the process of degradation of hemoglobin to the
      maturity of the host cell and a possible mechanism of protection against
      chloroquine, a drug known for its affinity for malarial pigment.

PMID- 3886897
TI  - Comparative study of the ribosomal RNA from Leishmania and Trypanosoma.
AB  - The ribosomal RNA from several stocks of the genera Leishmania and Trypanosoma
      were studied by gel electrophoresis, sedimentation on sucrose density gradients
      and RNA/DNA hybridization experiments. Three major components were observed after
      electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels (PAGE-SDS), the relative molecular masses
      being respectively: X1 = 0.83 megadaltons, X2 = 0.63 megadaltons and X3 = 0.54
      megadaltons for Leishmania RNA; and X1 = 0.86 megaldaltons, X2 = 0.78
      megadaltons, and X3 = 0.58 megadaltons for Trypanosoma RNA. Depending upon the
      isolation procedure, a fourth component, X0 = 1.2 megadaltons (26S), became
      evident. The later component was purified from Leishmania brasiliensis (Y) by
      centrifugation on a linear 15-30% sucrose density gradient. This component, after
      heat denaturation and PAGE-SDS, gave rise to two bands coinciding in molecular
      mass with those of X2 and X3, indicating that these components are part of the
      large ribosomal subunit whereas X1 belongs to the small one. The above mentioned
      differences in mobilities of components X1 and X2 between the two genera were no
      longer observed after electrophoresis in denaturing agarose-formaldehyde gels,
      suggesting secondary structural differences among these RNA species.
      Hybridization experiments with L. brasiliensis (Y) DNA showed that both RNA types
      compete equally well for the ribosomal sites in this DNA, and that L.
      brasiliensis (Y) rRNA recognizes the ribosomal sites in DNA of Trypanosoma cruzi
      (EP), thus indicating that no gross changes occurred in their nucleotide
      sequences during evolution.

PMID- 3886898
TI  - Nutritional requirements of Plasmodium falciparum in culture. I. Exogenously
      supplied dialyzable components necessary for continuous growth.
AB  - Continuous cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum presently requires the
      nutritionally complex medium, RPMI 1640. A basal medium of KCl, NaCl, Na2HPO4,
      Ca(NO3)2, MgSO4, glucose, reduced glutathione, HEPES buffer, hypoxanthine, phenol
      red (in RPMI 1640 concentrations), and 10% (v/v) exhaustively dialyzed pooled
      human serum was used to determine which vitamins and amino acids had to be
      exogenously supplied for continuous cultivation. Supplementation of basal medium
      with calcium pantothenate, cystine, glutamate, glutamine, isoleucine, methionine,
      proline, and tyrosine was necessary for continuous growth. This semi-defined
      minimal medium supported continuous growth of four isolates of P. falciparum at
      rates slightly less than those obtained with RPMI 1640. Adding any other vitamin
      or amino acid did not improve growth. Incorporation of several non-essential
      amino acids, particularly phenylalanine and leucine, into proteins was markedly
      enhanced in the minimal medium compared to RPMI 1640.

PMID- 3886899
TI  - Observation on complete schizogony of Plasmodium vivax in vitro.
AB  - Attempts to grow Plasmodium vivax in vitro were made on 43 isolates in three
      different culture media. Complete schizogony occurred in the new medium SCMI 612
      in which 34 out of 43 isolates produced merozoites. The RPMI 1640 and Waymouth
      media suitable for the cultivation of P. falciparum were also used with markedly
      less success. Results of the experiments indicate differences in nutritional
      requirements between the two species of Plasmodium.

PMID- 3886900
TI  - An in vitro assay for sequestration: binding of Plasmodium falciparum-infected
      erythrocytes to formalin-fixed endothelial cells and amelanotic melanoma cells.
AB  - Erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum bind specifically to cultured
      endothelial cells and to a line of amelanotic melanoma cells. We have fixed
      endothelial cells and amelanotic melanoma cells in various ways and determined
      whether the fixed cells were still able to bind infected erythrocytes. Only cells
      fixed with 1.0-2.5% formalin in phosphate-buffered saline continued to bind
      infected erythrocytes as well as unfixed cells. The mechanism of binding to fixed
      and unfixed cells appeared to be identical for the following reasons. First,
      erythrocytes infected by parasite strains that bound to unfixed cells also bound
      to fixed cells while those that did not bind to unfixed cells did not bind to
      fixed cells. Second, immune serum that inhibited binding to unfixed cells also
      inhibited binding to fixed cells. Third, electron microscopy showed that knobs
      were the points of attachment between infected erythrocytes and both fixed and
      unfixed melanoma cells. Fixed cells gave reproducible results over at least 2
      months. Thus, we have developed a simplified, reproducible assay for measuring
      binding of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes to target cells.

PMID- 3886901
TI  - Stage-dependent toxicity of N-acetyl-glucosamine to Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - The effects of N-acetyl-glucosamine on growth of synchronized cultures of
      Plasmodium falciparum were assessed by morphological observations and by
      measurement of parasite incorporation of 3H-hypoxanthine. Inhibition of 3H
      hypoxanthine incorporation was more marked during the later stages of the
      erythrocytic cycle. At concentrations of the sugar below 20 mM, however, the
      deleterious effects were mainly a result of failure of released merozoites to
      invade erythrocytes, rather than a failure of schizonts to mature or release
      merozoites. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that a lectin-like
      substance on the merozoite interacts with a surface glycoprotein on the red cell
      and that sugar residues on this glycoprotein may be involved in this recognition.

PMID- 3886902
TI  - Benzodiazepines--a challenge to rational prescribing.

PMID- 3886903
TI  - Cot deaths: the aftermath.

PMID- 3886904
TI  - Social responsibilities in ophthalmology.

PMID- 3886905
TI  - Captopril for refractory hypertension in patients with impaired renal function.
AB  - The use of captopril in 19 patients with renal parenchymal disease and refractory
      hypertension was studied for a mean period of 12 months. There was a significant
      reduction in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures, with a reduction in the
      mean arterial pressure of 29 mmHg. The mean maintenance dose of captopril was 142
      mg daily in three divided doses. All but one of the patients required a diuretic
      for satisfactory blood pressure control and 3 patients were also given a beta
      blocker. In all patients a simplification of the previous therapeutic regimen was
      achieved. A significant rise in serum creatinine was noted in 2 patients, one of
      whom had to be withdrawn from the study. Despite the presence of renal functional
      impairment, proteinuria did not occur de novo nor did established proteinuria
      increase. Leukopenia was noted in any of the patients in this group.

PMID- 3886906
TI  - Leprosy and the eye: a review.

PMID- 3886907
TI  - Andre Malraux: a medical interpretation.

PMID- 3886908
TI  - A pedigree study of perinatally lethal renal disease.
AB  - A family study of perinatally lethal renal disease (PLRD) was undertaken in the
      State of Victoria, Australia, for the years 1961 to 1980. A total of 221 cases
      was ascertained through hospital and necropsy records and confirmed by necropsy
      findings. There were 134 cases of bilateral renal agenesis (BRA), 34 cases of
      unilateral agenesis with dysplasia of the other kidney (URA/RD), 42 cases of
      bilateral renal dysplasia (BRD), and 11 cases of renal aplasia. Parents of 131
      babies were interviewed and 153 parents from 82 families had a renal ultrasound
      examination. In the period of best ascertainment (1975 to 1980) the frequency of
      PLRD was 0.27 per 1000 and of BRA 0.16 per 1000. There were 10 cases of
      sirenomelia, a frequency of 0.008 per 1000. For all families of PLRD, 15 of 423
      (3.6%) sibs and three of 1579 (0.2%) first cousins were affected. One family had
      three sibs with BRA and four had two sibs with BRA. One pair of sibs and two
      first cousins had BRA in one and URA/RD in the other affected. One baby had BRD
      with an affected first cousin. The nature of the renal lesion was not
      established. When the index case had BRA, 14 in 283 (5.6%) sibs had PLRD. Where
      the index case had BRA and urogenital defects, but no birth defects in other
      organs, 12 of 148 sibs (8%) were affected. None of the sibs had BRA when the
      index case had BRA as part of a multiple malformation complex. In the multiple
      malformation group, however, five of 40 (12.5%) sibs had similar patterns of
      malformations. Renal ultrasound abnormalities were no more frequent in parents of
      two affected babies (one of 18) than in the other parents (nine of 135). Our
      findings confirm that BRA and URA are genetically related. There are a number of
      conclusions which are important for genetic counselling. There is a high
      likelihood of recurrence (8%) in sibs when the index case has BRA and urogenital
      abnormalities alone. When BRA is part of a multiple malformation complex, the
      risk of recurrence of multiple malformations is significant (12.5%), but risk
      recurrence of BRA is low. The finding of renal ultrasound abnormalities in the
      parents was not informative.

PMID- 3886909
TI  - Multidisciplinary team production of computer-based simulations to teach
      pediatrics.
AB  - A program of computer-assisted patient-management problems (PMPs) for teaching
      pediatrics at one medical school is described. The PMPs cover all clinical,
      laboratory, and outcome aspects, including the hazards and cost of inappropriate
      investigations and therapy. Some PMPs relate to individual conditions, while
      others (stem PMPs) relate to a symptom or sign, such as rashes or heart murmurs,
      in various conditions (branch PMPs). All of them require the students to make
      decisions to solve the problems. At each decision point, the computer provides
      choices or an opportunity for the student to enter a statement. The students
      review their performance, checking their choices against those of the instructors
      at each point. The simulated patient's vital signs, correlating with the selected
      actions and the passage of time, are obtainable throughout the PMP. The use of
      PMPs has begun to decrease the instructor's teaching load and to increase the
      students' experience of common and uncommon pediatric problems.

PMID- 3886910
TI  - Effects of a stress-management training program on first- and second-year medical
      students.

PMID- 3886911
TI  - Comparison of in vitro and in vivo mitogenic and polyclonal antibody and
      autoantibody responses to peptidoglycan, LPS, protein A, PWM, PHA and Con A in
      normal and autoimmune mice.
AB  - We have compared the in vitro and in vivo mitogenic and polyclonal antibody (IgM
      , IgG-, IgA- and IgM anti-SRBC-secreting PFC) and autoantibody (IgM anti-ssDNA-,
      anti-bromelin-treated [HB]- and anti-intact mouse RBC-secreting PFC) responses to
      peptidoglycan (PG), LPS, protein A, PWM, PHA and Con A in young (4-7 weeks) and
      old (7-8 months) normal (BALB/c, CBA/H, C57BL/6) and autoimmune (NZB, NZB X NZW
      F1, BXSB, MRL/1; old BXSB and MRL/1 were 4-5 months) mice. Our results
      demonstrated that: lymphocytes from young and old autoimmune mice (except old
      BXSB) could be further polyclonally activated in vitro by PG or LPS as well as or
      better than lymphocytes from young and old normal mice; lymphocytes from young or
      old autoimmune mice were less polyclonally activated in vitro by protein A or
      PWM, respectively, than lymphocytes from young or old normal mice; PG and LPS
      were equally effective polyclonal activators in vitro; in vivo, LPS was a
      stronger stimulant than PG; in vivo, LPS could induce polyclonal activation in
      both young and old normal and autoimmune mice, whereas, PG could only induce
      polyclonal activation in vivo in young and old normal mice, but did not induce
      further activation in young and old autoimmune mice; only some tests (anti-ssDNA
      and IgG PFC in vivo, and IgA and anti-HB MRBC PFC in vitro) revealed higher
      responses in autoimmune than in normal mice, and these higher responses were seen
      more often in vivo than in vitro; both autoimmune and normal mice had a high
      frequency of autoantibody (especially anti-ssDNA) secreting cells in polyclonal
      activation in vitro, whereas a high frequency of these cells in vivo was only
      found in autoimmune mice; in most cases in vitro, polyclonal activators did not
      change the frequency of autoantibody and heteroantibody secreting cells, but in
      vivo, both PG and LPS increased the frequency of anti-ssDNA antibody secreting
      cells in normal, but not in autoimmune, mice; LPS increased the in vivo, but not
      in vitro, frequency of cells secreting anti-HB MRBC antibodies in some strains of
      mice; old mice had lower mitogenic responsiveness than young mice in both
      autoimmune and normal strains; autoimmune mice had similar, higher or lower
      mitogenic responses than normal mice, depending on the strain and the age, but in
      most cases consistent for both B and T cell mitogens; and there was no
      correlation between the patterns of increased or decreased mitogenic and
      polyclonal antibody responses in normal and autoimmune mice.4+.

PMID- 3886912
TI  - Isolation of colonies from soft agar cultures.

PMID- 3886913
TI  - Choosing the appropriate section thickness in the melamine embedding technique.
AB  - When biological materials are infiltrated by a water-soluble melamine resin and
      hardened, they become as hard as glass. This is a prerequisite for extreme thin
      sectioning. In this paper, the structural information from unsupported
      transparent thin sections of beef liver catalase, calf thymus DNA, horse spleen
      ferritin, insect muscle and rat microtubules is compared to that of normal thin
      sections. While ferritin molecules (12 nm diameter), microtubule subunits (8 nm
      long axis) and catalase crystals (8 nm subunit diameter) appear to become
      mechanically damaged in a 10 nm section (as measured by resectioning), DNA
      molecules (3 nm diameter) are satisfactorily preserved during sectioning.
      Remarkably, for electron phase contrast imaging of unstained cross-sectioned
      insect muscle, a minimum section thickness of about 30-40 nm is required.

PMID- 3886914
TI  - A modified cleansing procedure to obtain large freeze-fracture replicas.
AB  - A method for cleaning freeze-fracture replicas is elaborated which avoids their
      rolling up and fragmentating during successive steps. Immediately after freeze
      fracturing, the replicated tissue is slowly thawed from 77 K to room temperature
      on solid methanol. Safe passage through the subsequent cleaning steps is
      facilitated by using solutions of gradually increasing surface tension. After at
      least 24 h of fixation in methanol, the tissue is digested in half-strength
      bleach containing 5% ethanol. Following further cleaning in full-strength bleach,
      the remaining organic material attached to the replica is dissolved overnight at
      room temperature in 50% saturated sodium hydroxide.

PMID- 3886915
TI  - Systematic inquiry in tests of negative/positive replica combinations for SEM.
AB  - High resolution replica materials are routinely used in scanning electron
      microscopy. A systematic evaluating procedure for replica combinations is
      proposed which details fourteen points to be recorded. These points include
      quantitative and qualitative information useful when assessing a replica
      combination for a particular research problem. A case study employing one
      silicone-based impression material and one epoxy resin is performed as an example
      of the procedure.

PMID- 3886916
TI  - Ultrastructure and architecture of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in frog sino-atrial
      fibres: a comparative study with various preparatory procedures.
AB  - Various preparatory procedures were tested to preserve the ultrastructure of the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by the best possible method within frog sino-atrial
      muscle fibres. These procedures were: conventional aldehyde fixation with or
      without tannic acid, cryofracture, metallic impregnation and quick-freezing
      followed by freeze-substitution. Our results illustrated that, when optimally
      preserved, the SR architecture and ultrastructure of frog sino-atrial fibres were
      not fundamentally different from those described in many other vertebrate muscle
      fibres, particularly cardiac fibres. The three-dimensional arrangement of the SR
      and the structure of its main compartments were situated in a precise fashion:
      the peripheral SR, located close to the plasma membrane, was made of a tight
      network of tubules and showed typical couplings; the juxtafibrillar SR was made
      of a loose network of tubules, small cisternae and some tubules near Z-lines; the
      intermediary SR, associated with the mitochondria, was made of tubules and
      fenestrated cisternae. Contacts between SR and mitochondrial membranes were also
      studied; cryofractures revealed no special intramembrane particles at this level.
      Collapsed portions of the SR were found after quick-freezing. Because of its
      relative importance and its three-dimensional arrangement, the SR of frog sino
      atrial fibres may have comparable functional significance to the SR of other
      cardiac muscle fibres.

PMID- 3886917
TI  - Experience with skeletal immobilization after excision and grafting of severely
      burned hands.
AB  - The use of skeletal immobilization with 'hayrakes' and 'banjos' after excision
      and grafting of 68 severely burned hands was reviewed. It is ideally used in the
      patient with wounds that are circumferential or extend onto the forearm or when
      the patient will likely need continuous passive range of motion postoperatively.
      Serious infectious complications which could be directly attributed to the
      skeletal traction itself were rare. Peripheral nerve and arterial injuries were
      not encountered. The use of this technique when joints or tendons are involved or
      when the hands are easily splintable is not recommended. It appears to be a safe
      technique and results in excellent sheet graft take and hand function.

PMID- 3886918
TI  - Treatment of penetrating duodenal injuries: primary repair vs. repair with
      decompressive enterostomy/serosal patch.
AB  - We analyzed 60 patients with penetrating duodenal injuries (1972-1983) treated by
      two operative techniques: primary repair or anastomosis after debridement, and
      repair with decompressive enterostomy with or without serosal patch of jejunum.
      The two treatment groups were comparable in terms of severity of duodenal and
      associated injuries and clinical status of the patients. Morbidity was
      significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in the enterostomy/patch group and
      mortality was limited to that group. Our data suggest that debridement and
      primary repair of duodenal wounds is the treatment of choice and that the
      addition of decompressive enterostomy and/or serosal patch does not improve
      results and may contribute to morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 3886919
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of positive pressure ventilation: vena caval pressure in
      patients without injuries to the inferior vena cava.
AB  - In order to investigate the effect of positive pressure ventilation on vena cava
      blood flow, intraoperative manometric measurements were made in three patients
      with blunt abdominal trauma. These patients had intra-abdominal hemorrhage but no
      injury to the vena cava. The vena cava pressure increased with stepwise increases
      in the inspiratory pressure of the ventilator. The implications of this for the
      management of injuries to the inferior vena cava are: control of blood loss from
      caval wounds requires blockage of retrograde and antegrade caval blood flow;
      temporary cessation can stop retrograde caval flow from the right atrium and
      allow identification and repair of the caval defect; and retrograde caval blood
      flow can be used to flush out air bubbles and blood clots.

PMID- 3886920
TI  - Ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of post-venorrhaphy thrombosis of
      the portal vein.
AB  - We present a patient who, after lateral venorrhaphy of a stab wound of the portal
      vein, developed portal venous thrombosis. The diagnosis was confirmed by real
      time sonography and the patient was managed successfully with anticoagulation.
      Ultrasound provides a noninvasive, effective method of diagnosis and serial
      followup after repair.

PMID- 3886921
TI  - An algorithm for prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of congenital CNS abnormalities.
AB  - The variable expression of congenital CNS abnormalities makes their antenatal
      ultrasound diagnosis extremely difficult. Clinical decisions depend on ultrasound
      diagnosis; therefore, accurate antenatal diagnosis is imperative. A diagnostic
      algorithm based on ultrasonic demonstration of fetal cranial structures altered
      in congenital CNS abnormalities was constructed and applied retrospectively to 40
      patients with clinicopathologic follow-up adequate to define the cranial
      abnormality. Using the algorithm our diagnosis was correct in 37/40 (92 per cent)
      compared with 30/40 (75 per cent) without its use. The algorithm was highly
      accurate in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus (13/14), anencephaly/amniotic band
      syndrome (13/13), and holoprosencephaly (8/8). A wide spectrum of CNS
      abnormalities can be accurately diagnosed by ultrasonography in the antenatal
      period by the application of our algorithm.

PMID- 3886922
TI  - Ultrasonic evaluation of jugular venous valve competence.
AB  - Jugular venous valve competence has been studied in the past only by invasive
      venography. The authors demonstrate that this valve can be noninvasively studied
      using real-time and pulsed Doppler ultrasound techniques and relate this to
      possible clinical implications. Visualization of the jugular valve with real-time
      ultrasound is reported and its competence documented using pulsed Doppler and M
      mode techniques. The clinical relevance to the etiology of the respirator brain
      syndrome is discussed.

PMID- 3886923
TI  - Heel pad thickness: determination by high-resolution ultrasonography.
AB  - Heel pad thickness classically is increased in acromegaly and can also be noted
      in long-term Dilantin therapy. A high-resolution 10-MHz dedicated superficial
      small parts real-time scanner was used to evaluate heel pad thickness without the
      use of radiation and without the magnification inherent in the standard
      procedure, a lateral radiograph of the foot. Fifty-four patients were studied,
      and it was determined in 10 controls that heel pad thickness averaged 16.6 mm. In
      38 diabetics without ulcers of the feet, the heel pad was 17.8 mm. A single
      treated acromegalic had a heel pad thickness of 21 mm. Ultrasonography offers an
      effective alternative to radiography in the measurement of heel pad thickness.

PMID- 3886924
TI  - The use of the abdominal circumference as a means of assessing M-mode ventricular
      dimensions during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy in the normal
      human fetus.
AB  - Eighty-two normal fetuses were scanned from 18 to 41 weeks of gestation. The
      following M-mode measurements were correlated with the abdominal circumference:
      diastolic biventricular outer (r = 0.951) and inner (r = 0.948) dimensions;
      diastolic right (r = 0.942) and left (r = 0.925) internal dimensions; tricuspid
      (r = 0.916) and mitral (r = 0.900) valve opening excursions; and right (r =
      0.774), left (r = 0.731), and interventricular septal (r = 0.753) wall thickness.
      Polynomial regression demonstrated that linear regression best described the data
      from which the mean and 5 per cent and 95 per cent confidence limits for
      predicted M-mode measurements were computed for the abdominal circumference
      between 12 and 35 cm.

PMID- 3886925
TI  - Sonographic diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage in premature newborn infants: a
      retrospective study with histopathologic and CT correlation.
AB  - The role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of neonatal subarachnoid hemorrhage was
      assessed by retrospective analysis. The findings were correlated with either
      computed tomography or autopsy. An overall true-positive rate of 88 per cent was
      obtained.

PMID- 3886926
TI  - Retrocaval ureter: sonographic appearance.

PMID- 3886927
TI  - Ultrasonographic demonstration of the Angelchik prosthesis.

PMID- 3886928
TI  - Antenatal diagnosis of ipsilateral multicystic kidney in identical twins.

PMID- 3886929
TI  - Fibroadhesive meconium peritonitis: in utero sonographic diagnosis.

PMID- 3886930
TI  - Apramycin: minimal inhibitory concentrations for avian Escherichia coli and serum
      levels after intramuscular injection in turkeys.
AB  - The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of apramycin, a unique aminocyclitol
      antibiotic, for 100 Escherichia coli isolates recovered from clinical cases of
      avian colibacillosis were determined using the agar dilution method. All isolates
      were inhibited at apramycin concentration of 8.0 micrograms/ml; 90 and 50% of the
      isolates were inhibited at 6.6 and 3.4 micrograms/ml, respectively. A commercial
      injectable product containing 200 mg apramycin/ml was administered
      intramuscularly (i.m.) to groups of 6- and 12-week-old turkeys at 10, 15 and 20
      mg/kg. Apramycin was quickly absorbed from the i.m. injection site. Mean peak
      serum drug concentrations were reached 1 h after treatment and were 19.5, 27.5
      and 36.0 micrograms/ml, respectively. The serum elimination half-life (t 1/2) of
      the drug ranged between 1.75 h for the 10 mg/kg dose and 2.5 h for the 20 mg/kg
      dose. Very low concentrations of the drug were found 24 h after treatment.
      Duration of serum apramycin concentrations in relation to the MIC, dose, and age
      of birds was determined.

PMID- 3886931
TI  - Temporal regulation of baculovirus RNA: overlapping early and late transcripts.
AB  - Analysis of the temporal sequence of RNA transcription within the Autographa
      californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome revealed individual transcription
      units composed of overlapping early or late RNAs, or both. High-resolution S1
      nuclease mapping within the 3.0-kilobase HindIII-K fragment located five
      overlapping RNAs (1.07, 1.38, 2.63, 3.16, and 3.50 kilobases) transcribed in the
      same direction and terminated at a common 3' site. The smallest RNAs appeared
      early but were replaced in time by successively larger RNAs initiated further
      upstream. Primer extension analysis supported the contention that this temporal
      regulation involved the sequential activation of upstream promoters and the
      coordinate deactivation of downstream promoters. As such, transcription from
      upstream genes may suppress that of downstream genes via transcriptional
      interference (promoter occlusion) and thereby facilitate sequential expression of
      different viral functions. In contrast, overlapping RNAs with extended 3' ends
      were transcribed from the abundantly expressed p10 and polyhedrin genes mapping
      to the HindIII-Q,P/EcoRI-P and HindIII-V/EcoRI-I fragments, respectively. These
      RNAs were synthesized maximally during the very late occlusion phase and
      consisted of a major small transcript and several larger but less abundant
      transcripts.

PMID- 3886932
TI  - Polyhedrin gene of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus.
AB  - A portion of the genome of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Bombyx mori has been
      cloned. This part of the viral genome contains the gene encoding the viral
      occlusion body protein, polyhedrin. The polyhedrin gene has been sequenced in its
      entirety together with some of its 5' and 3' flanking sequences. The primary
      structure of polyhedrin predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the gene was
      found to be somewhat different from the one reported previously for the authentic
      protein (E. A. Kozlov, T. L. Levitina, N. M. Gusak, and S. B. Serebryani, Bioorg.
      Khim., 7:1008-1015, 1981; S. B. Serebryani, T. L. Levitina, M. L. Kautsman, Y. L.
      Radavski, N. M. Gusak, M. N. Ovander, N. V. Sucharenko, and E. A. Kozlov, J.
      Invertebr. Pathol., 30:442-443, 1977). Comparison of the primary structures of
      the polyhedrin of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of B. mori with that of
      Autographa californica suggests that considerable selective pressure has been
      exercised at the protein level during evolution. Nucleotide sequence comparisons
      of the two structural genes reveal that the coding sequences have diverged
      significantly through the accumulation of silent and replacement substitutions.
      In contrast, a remarkable degree of sequence conservation was found to exist in
      the domains corresponding to the 5' and 3' noncoding regions of the polyhedrin
      mRNAs.

PMID- 3886934
TI  - Acute focal bacterial nephritis: a systematic approach to diagnosis and
      treatment.
AB  - Acute focal bacterial nephritis, synonymous with acute lobar nephronia or focal
      nonliquefactive pyelonephritis, represents a localized area of renal
      inflammation. Clinically, acute focal bacterial nephritis presents as acute
      pyelonephritis but is distinguishable by the presence of a focal mass on
      excretory urography. The further distinction between acute focal bacterial
      nephritis and other renal masses is aided by the appropriate use of renal
      sonography and computerized tomography. The clinical and imaging manifestations
      in 9 patients with acute focal bacterial nephritis are described. Our experience
      coupled with a review of the literature suggests that a systematic approach to
      the diagnosis and management of acute focal bacterial nephritis allows for the
      most efficacious use of the noninvasive imaging modalities.

PMID- 3886933
TI  - Thiazides for patients with recurrent calcium stones: still an open question.

PMID- 3886935
TI  - Immunohistochemical studies of human renal cell carcinomas for ABO(H) blood group
      antigens, T antigen-like substance and carcinoembryonic antigen.
AB  - Immunohistochemical methods were used to examine human renal cell carcinoma
      tissues for the presence of ABO(H) blood group antigens, T antigen-like substance
      and carcinoembryonic antigen. None of the 30 tumors examined showed positive
      staining for the blood group antigens. In the normal adjacent kidney tissues
      blood group antigens were noted in the glomeruli, distal tubules and collecting
      ducts, while proximal convoluted tubules were uniformly negative. The presence of
      T antigen-like substance was noted in 10 of the 30 tumors (33 per cent).
      Likewise, T antigen-like substance appeared at the distal tubules and collecting
      ducts in the normal adjacent kidney tissues, while proximal convoluted tubules
      were negative. With a monoclonal antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen, 19 of the
      30 tumors (63 per cent) showed positive staining. Carcinoembryonic antigen also
      was observed in the glomeruli and tubular epithelia in the normal kidney tissues.
      Immunohistochemical findings of T antigen-like substance and carcinoembryonic
      antigen were not found to be correlated with the tumor grade, cell type and
      stage, as well as survival of patients with renal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3886936
TI  - Biopsy-coagulation forceps to simplify biopsy of the bladder.
AB  - Until now the forceps used for biopsy of the bladder has required a second
      procedure to coagulate the bleeding resulting from tissue removal. A new biopsy
      forceps is described, which makes it possible to perform the biopsy and
      coagulation simultaneously, thus, eliminating the inconvenience of having to
      change instruments during the operation. The shaft of the forceps through which
      the high frequency current flows is insulated completely so that the current
      exits only via the tips of the prongs. This design eliminates the danger of the
      specimen being subjected to thermal damage. The advantages offered by the new
      forceps are vision remains good, orientation is facilitated, loss of blood is
      minimal, operation time is reduced and the necessity of changing instruments is
      eliminated.

PMID- 3886937
TI  - The use of ultrasound for evaluating subacute unilateral scrotal swelling.
AB  - In 15 patients with subacute (longer than 8 hours) unilateral scrotal swelling in
      whom the etiology was in doubt scrotal ultrasound was used to determine whether
      the pathological condition was intratesticular and/or extratesticular. Surgical
      exploration confirmed intratesticular or intratesticular and extratesticular
      findings in 9 patients: 8 had torsion of the spermatic cord (including a testis
      rupture in 1 and epididymal ruptures in 2) and 1 had a mixed germ cell carcinoma.
      Of the 6 patients with extratesticular findings 3 had clinical epididymitis that
      resolved on antibiotic therapy and 2 had what appeared to be paratesticular
      hematomas with normal testes presumed to be secondary to minor trauma. The
      condition resolved with conservative therapy in the latter 2 patients. The
      remaining patient required surgical drainage because of the size and an
      epididymal rupture suspected by the ultrasound examination. Scrotal ultrasound is
      a quick, noninvasive, easily applied, accurate method to diagnose scrotal
      pathological conditions and should be used whenever the etiology of scrotal
      swelling is in doubt.

PMID- 3886938
TI  - Transrectal ultrasonography for prostatic cancer: its value in staging and
      monitoring the response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
AB  - Current methods to evaluate the size and local extent of prostatic cancer are
      imprecise. Quantitative assessments of changes after therapy are unreliable. We
      have used transrectal ultrasonography in 50 patients with clinically localized
      prostatic cancer to determine the value of this imaging technique in staging the
      local tumor and in monitoring the response of the tumor to therapy. Transverse
      images of the prostate were obtained at 5 mm. intervals, and were used to
      determine the size and shape of the prostate, irregularity or discontinuity of
      the capsule, extracapsular extension of tumor and invasion into the seminal
      vesicles. Ultrasonography proved highly accurate in staging. Among 18 previously
      untreated patients whose tumor appeared to be confined to the prostate by rectal
      examination 8 (44 per cent) had extension beyond the prostate by ultrasonography,
      which was confirmed by operative findings. Serial ultrasonograms were performed
      before and after definitive radiotherapy in 7 patients and chemotherapy in 6
      patients. In response to therapy the prostate decreased in size and resumed a
      more normal, symmetrical shape, the capsule reformed and thickened, the degree of
      extracapsular extension diminished and the seminal vesicles became normal.
      Maximal reduction in the size of the prostate usually occurred by 9 months after
      radiotherapy and by 3 months after chemotherapy. In patients with prostatic
      cancer transrectal ultrasonography is highly accurate in staging and offers an
      objective monitor of the response to therapy.

PMID- 3886939
TI  - Salvage of difficult transplant complications by percutaneous techniques.
AB  - The use of percutaneous endourological techniques is demonstrated in recipients
      of renal allografts. Transplant complications that previously had required prompt
      surgical intervention may be approached safely by the judicious use of
      percutaneous manipulations. While examples of perirenal hematoma, renal abscess,
      urinary fistula and renal pelvic stone extraction are presented, close patient
      observation and a low threshold for surgical intervention are recommended to
      permit the continued, safe evaluation of this approach.

PMID- 3886940
TI  - Recipient ureterocalycostomy in a renal allograft: case report of a transplant
      salvage.
AB  - The use of a recipient ureter ureterocalycostomy in the management of ureteral
      obstruction in a renal transplant recipient is presented. This technique can be
      used when primary modes of reconstruction are unavailable and nephrectomy is the
      only alternative.

PMID- 3886941
TI  - Another artificial heart receives FDA approval for clinical trials.

PMID- 3886942
TI  - Babesiosis in Wisconsin. A new focus of disease transmission.
AB  - A confirmed case of human babesiosis was identified in August 1983 in a 54-year
      old asplenic Wisconsin resident. Babesia microti was identified as the causative
      agent by blood smear morphology and hamster inoculation techniques. The patient's
      wife had clinically confirmed Lyme disease in 1981 and had serologic evidence
      (immunofluorescent antibody to a B microti titer of 1:1,024) of recent Babesia
      infection in August 1983. Mice (Peromyscus species) trapped on the patients'
      property and elsewhere in their Wisconsin county of residence were infected with
      B microti. Lyme disease and babesiosis have the same tick vector and animal
      reservoir; serum samples from 116 Wisconsin and Minnesota residents with
      clinically confirmed Lyme disease between 1980 and 1983 were tested, and none
      were found to have concurrent Babesia infection. This area of Wisconsin is
      identified as a new focus for babesiosis transmission, but the risk of
      transmission seems to be low.

PMID- 3886943
TI  - Hospice effectiveness in controlling pain.
AB  - Terminal cancer patients were randomly assigned to receive comprehensive hospice
      care or traditional medical care. Patients were followed up for two years or
      until death. Pain was measured by the McGill Pain Scale. Frequency and intensity
      of cancer-related symptoms were also noted. Over the course of the study, 34% of
      hospice patients and 21% of control patients never reported pain. No significant
      differences between the two groups could be detected in either the proportion of
      patients with pain at any time or the intensity of pain. Neither were there
      differences in the intensity or frequency of cancer-related symptoms. The
      presence of pain was associated with the presence of other symptoms; a
      significant correlation was found between the levels of depression and anxiety
      and pain scores.

PMID- 3886944
TI  - Penetrating abdominal wounds. Rationale for exploratory laparotomy.
AB  - Over the past decade a general consensus has evolved about the indications for
      celiotomy after civilian penetrating wounds. Stab injuries to the anterior part
      of the abdomen clearly warrant a selective approach based on physical signs,
      local wound exploration, and diagnostic peritoneal lavage. Gunshot wounds
      violating the peritoneum, on the other hand, mandate abdominal exploration.
      Peritoneal lavage is also valuable for the selective management of lower thoracic
      penetrating wounds. Back and flank injuries are difficult to assess, and patient
      care must be individualized with the assistance of retroperitoneal contrast
      studies. Although the adjunctive role of peritoneal lavage in the evaluation of
      penetrating wounds has substantially reduced unnecessary celiotomy, the safest
      policy is to explore the abdomen if any question of visceral injury exists.

PMID- 3886945
TI  - Medicine--trade or profession?

PMID- 3886946
TI  - A 60s doctor enters the 80s. An interview with George Flesh.

PMID- 3886947
TI  - Controlled trials for neonatal meningitis.

PMID- 3886948
TI  - [Studies on minimum antibiotic concentration of cephapirin against clinically
      isolated strain SMK-101 of Klebsiella pneumoniae].
AB  - Using strain SMK-101 of K. pneumoniae its nephelometric absorbencies, viable cell
      numbers and morphological changes were studied during the time course cultured in
      a broth medium containing cephapirin (CEPR), and following results were obtained.
      After 1 to 3 hours culture in the presence of varying concentration of the
      antibiotic, the absorbency increased in spite of without change in the viable
      cell number. Morphologically, elongation and swelling of central portion of the
      cells were observed though differences of the degree of these findings varied
      depending upon the concentration of the antibiotic. At the concentration higher
      than 1/4 MIC, indistinct structure was shown in cytoplasm. After 6 hours culture,
      3 directions of absorbence curves, ascending, descending and no change, and 2
      directions of viable cell numbers, decreasing and increasing were shown. As the
      morphological changes of the cells, filamentation, leaking of intracellular
      components were shown in rather upper concentration of the antibiotic. Fission
      was demonstrated around the end of cells cultured in rather lower concentration
      of the antibiotic. After 9 hours culture, absorbency and viable cell number were
      parallel. In this period, structural findings of cytoplasm became clear and
      fission was also demonstrated by light microscope except for the cells cultured
      in more than 1 MIC of the antibiotic. After 24 hours culture, both absorbency and
      viable cell number increased again and fission was observed in the cell which
      showed filamentation in 1 MIC of the antibiotic.

PMID- 3886949
TI  - [Antibacterial activity of cefmenoxime against clinical isolates. Comparative
      study].
AB  - Antibacterial activity of cefmenoxime (CMX) against clinically isolated organisms
      was examined in comparison with that of 4 other antibiotics and concluded as
      follows: Antibacterial activity of CMX was markedly stronger than those of
      cefazolin (CEZ), cefmetazole, latamoxef and ampicillin against E. coli, K.
      pneumoniae, S. marcescens, H. influenzae, P. mirabilis and indole positive
      Proteus. But the MIC level of CMX against S. aureus was higher than that of CEZ.

PMID- 3886950
TI  - [Graft rejection and T cells].

PMID- 3886951
TI  - [Early diagnosis of graft rejection and immunologic monitoring].

PMID- 3886952
TI  - [Clinical application of cyclosporin A].

PMID- 3886953
TI  - [Clinical application of bredinin].

PMID- 3886954
TI  - [Promotion of local system of cadaveric kidney transplantation with special
      reference to the Nagano Prefecture system].

PMID- 3886955
TI  - [Efficacy of donor specific transfusion].

PMID- 3886957
TI  - [Legal questions in organ transplant].

PMID- 3886956
TI  - [Brain death and organ transplantation].

PMID- 3886958
TI  - [Comparison of kidney transplantation and dialysis].

PMID- 3886959
TI  - [Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and the development of membrane
      artificial lung].

PMID- 3886960
TI  - [Ischemic time and kidney transplantation].

PMID- 3886961
TI  - [Prevention of graft rejection--preoperative blood transfusion and use of
      immunosuppressive agents].

PMID- 3886962
TI  - [Complications following kidney transplantation--infections and malignant
      tumors].

PMID- 3886963
TI  - [History and prospect of organ transplantation in Japan].

PMID- 3886964
TI  - [Viability of isolated kidney and progress of preservation method].

PMID- 3886965
TI  - [Transplantation of the pancreas].

PMID- 3886966
TI  - [Transplantation of the liver].

PMID- 3886967
TI  - [Transplantation of multiple organs below the diaphragm].

PMID- 3886968
TI  - [Heart transplant].

PMID- 3886969
TI  - [Lung transplant--problems and recent trends].

PMID- 3886970
TI  - [Kidney transplantation and cadaveric organ transplantation in Japan].

PMID- 3886971
TI  - [Bone marrow transplantation--problems and recent research trends].

PMID- 3886972
TI  - [Graft vs host reaction and graft vs host diseases].

PMID- 3886973
TI  - [Maintenance hemodialysis. VII. A prospect of kidney transplantation].

PMID- 3886974
TI  - [Sialic acid in malignancy].

PMID- 3886975
TI  - [Ultrasound examination].

PMID- 3886976
TI  - [Practical use of a personal computer network system in laboratory medicine].

PMID- 3886977
TI  - [Diagnostic value of anti-HBc IgM detection by an enzyme-immunoassay method in
      various liver diseases (type B)].

PMID- 3886978
TI  - [Ventricular size and cortical atrophy in normal elderly volunteers and demented
      patients: a CT study].

PMID- 3886979
TI  - [Image diagnosis of malignant lymphoma of the breast].

PMID- 3886980
TI  - [A case of Addison's disease with bilateral calcification proved by CT and
      ultrasonography].

PMID- 3886981
TI  - [Digital subtraction angiography in the thoracic outlet syndrome].

PMID- 3886982
TI  - [Efficacy of sonomammography in breast lesions--a comparison with
      xeromammography].

PMID- 3886983
TI  - [Diagnostic imagings for the evaluation of adrenal gland tumor].

PMID- 3886984
TI  - [Techniques of ultrasonic pancreatic examination].

PMID- 3886985
TI  - [Localization of lactoferrin in gastric mucosa].

PMID- 3886986
TI  - [Significance of abdominal ultrasonography as a diagnostic clue of abdominal
      sarcoidosis].

PMID- 3886987
TI  - Influence of plasma hormone levels on various stimulant-induced hepatic DNA
      synthesis in carbon tetrachloride-intoxicated rats.
AB  - The effects of insulin, glucagon, isoproterenol and carbachol on the regeneration
      of injured liver were investigated in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride
      (CCl4). These agents effectively potentiated hepatic DNA synthesis in rats both
      at 48 and at 72 hr after CCl4 intoxication. The maximal stimulatory effects of
      the agents on the synthesis coincided in time with the peak of elevation in basal
      DNA synthesis following the intoxication. Plasma levels of insulin and
      triiodothyronine were decreased before the elevation of basal DNA synthesis in
      CCl4-treated rats. The possible relationship of these changes in plasma hormones
      to the potentiated effects of the agents on DNA synthesis was examined in rats
      treated with streptozotocin (STZ) or methylthiouracil (MTU). The agents caused no
      potentiation in STZ-treated rats. On the other hand, in MTU-treated rats,
      isoproterenol and carbachol significantly stimulated DNA synthesis, but this was
      not the case with insulin and glucagon. These results suggest that the pancreatic
      hormonal, beta-adrenergic and cholinergic stimulations play positive roles in
      regulating liver regeneration after CCl4 intoxication. Furthermore, the
      hypothyroid state developed in CCl4-treated rats may provide favorable conditions
      for the stimulation of DNA synthesis by isoproterenol and carbachol. It is
      unlikely, however, that insulin deficiency contributes to potentiations in the
      regenerative responses of the injured liver.

PMID- 3886988
TI  - Possible involvement of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in vagal-mediated
      gastric acid secretion in rats.
AB  - Effects of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin
      (ASA), indomethacin (IM), flurbiprofen (FP), ibuprofen (IP), phenylbutazone (PBZ)
      and flufenamic acid (FA) were studied on the gastric ulceration and gastric acid
      secretion induced by restraint and water-immersion stress (RWIS) or various
      secretagogues in rats. These drugs significantly increased ulcer formation. IM
      (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg, s.c.) reduced gastric mucosal prostaglandin (PG) content dose
      dependently. There was an appreciable correlation between this decrease in the PG
      content of gastric tissue and associated ulceration. The gastric acid secretion
      induced by the peripheral secretagogues, methacholine, gastrin and histamine, was
      not significantly influenced by IM pretreatment. In contrast, the gastric acid
      secretion induced by the vagal mediated secretagogues, insulin, 2-deoxy-D-glucose
      (2-D-G) and RWIS, was markedly increased by IM pretreatment. These effects were
      not observed in vagotomized rats. By intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection
      of IM, no influence was observed on the gastric acid secretion and ulcer
      formation induced by 2-D-G or RWIS. These results suggest that acidic NSAIDs
      potentiate the gastric acid output induced by stimulation of vagus nerve
      activity, and prostaglandins (PGs) may influence gastric acid output by
      regulating vagus nerve activity.

PMID- 3886989
TI  - Protection against suture insufficiency in ante-thoracic esophagogastrostomy.
AB  - In attempts to decrease suture insufficiency in case of ante-thoracic
      esophagogastrostomy, a gastric tube was so specially prepared that the short
      gastric vessels as well as the splenic vessels were severed very adjacent to the
      spleen. The anastomosis of the gastric tube thus prepared to the cervical
      esophagus was made using EEA-autosuture instruments. The suture insufficiency
      rate was thus markedly improved, with a value of approximately 10 per cent. Even
      cases of suture insufficiency with minor leakage, control was complete with
      simple pressure with gauze.

PMID- 3886990
TI  - [Surgical management of Lutembacher's syndrome].

PMID- 3886991
TI  - Changing sensitivity of neonatal rats to tumorigenic effects of N-nitroso-N
      ethylurea and X-radiation, given singly or combined.
AB  - After neonatal injection of rats with 10 mg N-nitroso-N-ethylurea [(ENU) CAS: 759
      73-9]/kg body weight, whole-body X-irradiation with 1.25 Gy X-radiation caused a
      reduction in induced neurogenic tumors which was dependent on the interval
      between the two treatments. The reduction was greatest when radiation was given 1
      day after ENU and progressively decreased with irradiation at 5 and 30 days.
      Changes in radiosensitivity in the neonatal period were also seen for ovarian
      tumors and squamous cell carcinomas of the mouth. Ovarian tumors were induced by
      1.25 Gy X-rays alone, with a higher incidence occurring after irradiation at 5
      days than at 30 days of age. Squamous cell carcinomas of the mouth have a high
      spontaneous incidence in this strain of rat, but 1.25 Gy X-radiation caused a
      significant reduction which was greater after irradiation at 5 than at 30 days of
      age. Pituitary tumors occurred in untreated and treated rats with a higher
      incidence in females. Only in males was there any suggestion of an effect of the
      various treatments on pituitary tumor incidence.

PMID- 3886992
TI  - [Significance of suture technics for pain sensation of obstetrical patients
      during healing of oblique incisions].

PMID- 3886993
TI  - [Clinico-instrumental criteria in assessing the work capacity of ischemic heart
      disease patients with stable stenocardia].

PMID- 3886994
TI  - [Physical training of ischemic heart disease patients: basic achievements and
      prospects].

PMID- 3886995
TI  - Hormonal control of renal potassium excretion.

PMID- 3886996
TI  - Possible involvement of terminal complement complex in active Heymann nephritis.
AB  - We investigated whether the appearance of various complement components in renal
      deposits of immune complexes correlated with the development of proteinuria in
      rats with active Heymann nephritis. Sequential kidney biopsy specimens and serum
      samples were obtained from Lewis rats immunized with Fx1A in complete Freund's
      adjuvant. Circulating antibodies against purified auto-antigen renal tubular
      epithelial glycoprotein, as measured by ELISA, were found in the circulation
      together with a diffuse granular deposition of IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b in the
      glomeruli within 2 weeks after immunization. Biopsy specimens taken 4 weeks after
      immunization showed diffuse deposition of C4 and C3, which indicated that
      activation of complement by the classical pathway had occurred. The detection of
      the C5b-9 complex of complement in glomerular deposits coincided with the
      development of abnormal proteinuria indicating that the glomerular damage in this
      autoimmune disease may be caused by complement-mediated lesions in the glomerular
      capillary walls.

PMID- 3886997
TI  - Factors of increase in serum triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in uremic rats.
AB  - The possible mechanisms of the increase in serum triglycerides (TG) and TG-rich
      lipoproteins were studied in chronically uremic (U) rats by comparison with
      either ad-lib fed control (C) rats or diet-restricted (DR), sham-operated pair
      fed control rats. A first series of animals was studied in the fed state and a
      second series after a 16-hr fast. In U animals the concentration of serum TG and
      TG-rich particles was lower than that of C rats in the fed state but
      significantly higher than that of C and DR rats after a 16-hr fast. Serum glucose
      and lactate concentrations in the fed or fasted state were unchanged by uremia.
      Serum insulin concentration was significantly decreased in U rats as compared to
      C and DR rats in both series. The fast did not increase the concentration of
      serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in U or DR animals to the same extent as
      in C rats, whereas the serum concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOB), which
      was higher than that of C rats in the fed state, was significantly lower after a
      16-hr fast. In U animals, as compared to control rats of either series, a
      significant decrease of epididymal lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was observed
      during both nutritional states when expressing the enzymic activity per number of
      cells. In conclusion, our data provide evidence against hepatic over-production
      of TG-rich lipoproteins in rats with chronic renal failure and strongly point to
      an LPL-mediated defect of their peripheral catabolism, probably related to the
      insulin deficiency state.

PMID- 3886998
TI  - Results of a controlled drug trial in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.
AB  - A prospective randomized drug trial was carried out on 59 patients with confirmed
      membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). The treatment group (27
      patients) received cyclophosphamide, coumadin, and dipyridamole for 18 months,
      and the control group (32 patients) received no specific therapy. Complications
      of the renal disease such as hypertension and fluid retention were treated
      similarly in both groups. Entrance criteria included confirmed renal pathology
      demonstrating either types I or II MPGN, a corrected creatinine clearance (CCr)
      of less than 80 ml/min/1.73 m2, and/or proteinuria greater than 2 g/day.
      Actuarial survival was not different between the treatment and the control groups
      in either MPGN type and was 85% in type I and 90% in type II at 2 years. The
      change in renal function, as measured by both the slope of CCr and the plasma
      creatinine reciprocal (1/Cr) at 6, 12, and 18 months was not significantly
      different between treatment and control groups in either types I or II when
      tested by both parametric and nonparametric analysis. The age, sex, and initial
      level of CCr did not influence the rate of decline. Control and treatment group
      proteinuria was not different at any time point in either types I or II MPGN. The
      small numbers of type II MPGN cases do not give sufficient power to allow
      conclusions regarding this therapy in type II. We can conclude that this
      treatment is ineffective in altering the natural history of type I MPGN.

PMID- 3886999
TI  - Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children with idiopathic nephrotic
      syndrome. A report of the Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group.
AB  - Clinicopathologic correlations were examined in 75 children with focal segmental
      glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) associated with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. The
      biopsy specimens of all patients were examined by electron microscopy (69
      patients) or immunofluorescence microscopy (67 patients) in addition to light
      microscopy. Fifty-three patients (group A) had FSGS diagnosed on their first
      biopsy; 22 patients (group B) had one to three previous biopsies showing minimal
      glomerular changes or mesangial hypercellularity prior to the demonstration of
      FSGS on a subsequent biopsy. Considerable homogeneity between the diagnostic
      biopsy features in the two groups was evident. Diffuse mesangial hypercellularity
      and IgM deposition were found in a similar percentage of each group, but these
      features did not correlate with each other. To date, the mean duration of follow
      up for the entire group has been 57 months (range, 7 to 217 months): 21% have
      developed ESRD, 23% have a decreased GFR but not ESRD, 37% have persistent
      proteinuria only, 11% are in remission, and 8% have been lost to follow-up. No
      morphologic or clinical features have been predictive of outcome during this
      relatively short period of followup. The frequency of chronic renal failure and
      ESRD has been similar in groups A and B. These data suggest that the clinical
      outcome in children with FSGS is poor in many patients, whether the diagnosis is
      established on an initial or subsequent renal biopsy specimen.

PMID- 3887000
TI  - A clinico-pathologic study of crescentic glomerulonephritis in 50 children. A
      report of the Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group.
AB  - In this study, we have evaluated 50 children (30 girls and 20 boys; mean age,
      10.1 years) with a variety of renal diseases in whom renal biopsy specimens
      showed crescents in greater than or equal to 50% of glomeruli. Initial clinical
      features included edema in 61%; hypertension in 51%; gross hematuria in 73%; 3 to
      4+ proteinuria in 78%; and severely decreased GFR (less than 30 ml/min/1.73 m2)
      in 66%. When the total number of patients was divided into those with 50 to 79%
      crescents (N = 18) and those with 80 to 100% crescents (N = 32), no significant
      difference in outcome could be demonstrated, with endstage renal disease (ESRD)
      being seen in 44 and 52% of the two groups, respectively. Pathologic features
      associated with a poor prognosis included predominance of large crescents (P =
      0.004) or fibrous crescents (P = 0.03); increased frequency of gaps in Bowman's
      capsule (P = 0.004); global glomerular sclerosis (P = 0.05); glomerular IgM (P =
      0.003); interstitial fibrosis (P = 0.03); and tubular atrophy (P = 0.04). At
      followup, GFR was normal in all patients with poststreptococcal GN, but low in
      60% of patients with other conditions. The study permits the following
      conclusions: (1) Approximately 50% of children with crescents in 50% or more
      glomeruli progress to ESRD; (2) a poor prognosis is associated with (a) a high
      percentage of large crescents, (b) increased frequency of gaps in Bowman's
      capsule, and (c) evidence of chronic histologic changes, but not with the
      percentage of crescents per se; and (3) the underlying type of glomerulonephritis
      is considered a helpful prognostic indicator.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3887001
TI  - Prednisolone pharmacokinetics in cushingoid and non-cushingoid kidney transplant
      patients.
AB  - Prednisolone pharmacokinetics and protein binding have been compared in 16
      cushingoid and 46 non-cushingoid long-term kidney transplant recipients. After
      oral administration of 10 mg prednisolone, the cushingoid patients had a
      significantly higher peak prednisolone serum concentration (P less than 0.03), a
      longer elimination half-time (P less than 0.03), and a larger area under the time
      concentration curve of total (P less than 0.01) and free (P less than 0.03)
      prednisolone. The apparent total body clearance of total and free prednisolone
      was significantly lower in the cushingoid than in the non-cushingoid patients (P
      less than 0.02 and less than 0.05, respectively). There was no significant
      difference in time of peak concentration, apparent volume of distribution or
      serum protein binding of prednisolone. It is suggested that the development and
      persistency of some cushingoid features may be related to a decreased total body
      clearance of prednisolone, which, in turn, may be influenced by impaired renal
      function.

PMID- 3887002
TI  - [Current aspects of rubella embryopathy].

PMID- 3887003
TI  - [Surgical treatment of chronic duodenal obstruction].

PMID- 3887004
TI  - [Intraperitoneal operations in external intestinal fistulas].

PMID- 3887005
TI  - [Cellular and humoral immunity indices of burn patients following
      autodermoplasty].

PMID- 3887006
TI  - [Surgical treatment of electrical burns].

PMID- 3887007
TI  - [Treatment of deep burns of the hand].

PMID- 3887008
TI  - [Surgical treatment of deep burns in children].

PMID- 3887009
TI  - [Antimicrobial properties of sorption-application materials based on activated
      fibrous charcoals].

PMID- 3887010
TI  - [Use of ultrasound and the laser in the local treatment of deep burns].

PMID- 3887011
TI  - [Anti-thymocyte globulin therapy in severe aplastic anemia: an alternative to
      bone marrow transplantation].
AB  - Eight patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) and two patients with congenital
      hypoplastic anemia (CHA) were treated with absorbed samples of rabbit anti
      thymocyte globulin (ATG) at a total dose of 50-75 mg/kg body weight intravenously
      over 5 days. Duration of the disease was 1-14 years. Median age of the ten
      patients was 11 (4-15) years. Four of the eight patients with SAA were responders
      and transfusion independent for a follow up of 11 to 50 months. In two cases
      thrombocytopenia of about 100 000/mm3 is present. Four patients were non
      responders three of them died in the meantime by the underlining disease. Two
      patients with CHA did not respond to ATG treatment. The CFU-C level of all eight
      patients with SAA before treatment was severely decreased. In co-culture studies
      with normal bone marrow no growth inhibition of normal bone marrow could be
      demonstrated. Also 20% patients serum did not inhibit normal bone marrow growth.
      The results are compared with data from literature and discussed in respect to
      alternative therapies.

PMID- 3887012
TI  - [Acute-phase proteins and beta 2 microglobulin in the follow-up of Crohn disease
      and ulcerative colitis].
AB  - The concentrations of orosomucoid, CRP, prealbumin and beta-2-microglobulin were
      measured in 109 serum samples taken from 19 children with M. Crohn and in 62
      samples from 7 children with colitis ulcerosa. The levels were correlated with an
      activity index calculated on the basis of clinical observations and routine
      laboratory tests. The orosomucoid and CRP levels rose significantly with
      increasing severity of both diseases, while neither prealbumin nor beta-2
      microglobulin revealed a sufficiently close correlation with the clinical
      activity. The measurement of CRP and orosomucoid, which is simple to carry out
      (radial immunodiffusion), enables a fairly exact estimate of the severity of
      inflammation. Both acute-phase-proteins proved to be of valuable assistance not
      only in difficult decisions regarding therapy but also for follow-up examinations
      in randomized studies.

PMID- 3887013
TI  - [Central venous catheterization--experiences in neonatal intensive medicine based
      on scanning electron microscopy study of Silastic catheters].
AB  - This article deals with the use of 56 silastic-catheters in the intensive care of
      premature and new-born with mean weights of 1550 g according to the Shaw-method.
      The clinical use with regard to early and late complications was studied by means
      of scanning electron microscopy of 11 catheters. The results were compared with
      the complications associated with PVC-catheters. The silastic-catheters has the
      following advantages: over a longer period it does not lose its mechanical
      properties, it is athrombogenic and has only few complications regarding
      infection and thrombosis. Local reactions cannot, however be eliminated. We can
      extend the use of silastic-catheters by giving blood, drugs and by taking blood
      samples, by this way intensive care of the new-born is less stressful.

PMID- 3887014
TI  - [Hyponatremia with hyperkalemia in the newborn infant].
AB  - The electrolyte alterations of hyponatremia/hyperkalemia and their clinical
      picture are an emergency in the newborn period. Based on a case of
      pseudohypoaldosteronism the diagnostic work up of these findings and their
      differential diagnosis are discussed.

PMID- 3887015
TI  - [Modification of organ perfusion by calcium blocker and converting enzyme
      inhibitor in the conscious rat with heart failure].
AB  - The present study examined the regional vascular effects (radioactive
      microspheres) of converting-enzyme inhibition (captopril, 1 mg/kg) and calcium
      antagonism (diltiazem, 1 mg/kg) in a rat model of cardiac failure due to large
      myocardial infarction (n = 18, infarct size 40% of the left ventricle) both at
      rest and during submaximal treadmill exercise. Diltiazem increased renal,
      gastrointestinal, coronary and cutaneous blood flow at rest by 29%, 28%, 26% and
      37% (p less than 0.05 each) and enhanced skeletal muscle blood flow during
      exercise by 16% (p less than 0.05). Captopril improved primarily renal and
      coronary blood flow at rest (by 59% and 23%, respectively, p less than 0.05) and
      reduced vascular resistance in the gastrointestinal bed by 25% (p less than 0.05)
      without significant effects in other circulatory beds. We conclude that the
      regional vascular effects elicited by converting-enzyme inhibition and calcium
      antagonism differ considerably in this animal model of congestive heart failure
      and may be clinically important. The favourable regional vascular profile of
      diltiazem deserves further clinical investigation.

PMID- 3887016
TI  - [Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 3887017
TI  - [Disability expertise and medical rehabilitation of the disabled and of patients
      with varicose veins of the lower extremities].

PMID- 3887018
TI  - [Rare forms of Yersinia infections in adults].

PMID- 3887019
TI  - [New trends in antibacterial and antiviral therapy].

PMID- 3887020
TI  - [I.E. Diad'kovskii--a prominent clinician and thinker (on the 200th anniversary
      of his birth)].

PMID- 3887021
TI  - [K.V. Lebedev].

PMID- 3887022
TI  - [Calcium antagonists in the treatment of patients with diseases of the
      cardiovascular system (review of foreign literature)].

PMID- 3887023
TI  - [Clinical effect of pratsiol in arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3887024
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of ruptured aneurysm of the abdominal aorta].

PMID- 3887025
TI  - [Diagnosis and documentation of biliary calculi].

PMID- 3887026
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of digestive system diseases].

PMID- 3887027
TI  - [Rapid prognosis of the disciplined behavior of flight cadets using projective
      tests].
AB  - The reliability of rapid prediction of the disciplined or undisciplined behavior
      of cadets using selected projective tests (modified apperception test, Rosenzweig
      test of picture frustration, Zondi test) was investigated. The tests were
      performed on 50 certified pilots and 400 cadets. By means of correlation and
      factor analyses the references given to the cadets by their seniors were compared
      with the results of the projective tests. It was found that the modified
      apperception test can be used to evaluate cadet's behavior within a comparatively
      short time. Marked extrapunitive trend combined with self-defence type of
      solution of the Rosenzweig test diminished the conformity of the personality and
      facilitated the development of conflict situations and undisciplined acts. The
      undisciplined cadets preferably selected pictures of seriously ill patients with
      epilepsy, catatonia or hysteria. These probability characteristics help to
      distinguish the cadets that need specific attention and supervision.

PMID- 3887028
TI  - [Labyrinthine and extralabyrinthine mechanisms of the development of motion
      sickness in weightlessness].
AB  - This paper describes an important problem of aerospace medicine, i. e. space
      motion sickness. The review surveys relevant Soviet and foreign publications. On
      their basis, including their own data, the authors discuss possible mechanisms of
      the sickness symptom-complex in the weightless state. The authors put forth their
      own ideas concerning current hypotheses of space motion sickness and discuss
      potential applicability of the theoretical concepts with respect to the
      prevention of this adverse symptom-complex. The authors describe selected
      outlines in the study of mechanisms of space motion sickness and in the
      development of specific countermeasures.

PMID- 3887029
TI  - [Autonomy: historical aspects. Nursing as a "lower-class female occupation"].

PMID- 3887030
TI  - Molecular basis of complement deficiency syndromes.

PMID- 3887031
TI  - Quantitative aspects of membrane behavior in rat parathyroid cells after
      depression or elevation of serum calcium.
AB  - The behavior of membranes concerned with parathyroid hormone secretion was
      studied by electron microscopic morphometry in parathyroid cells of rats with
      temporarily reduced serum calcium concentration resulting from phosphate ion
      application and in rats with elevated serum calcium concentration following
      vitamin D3 administration. The phosphate ion application resulted in an increase
      of the cell surface area and a concomitant decrease of the surface area of the
      Golgi complex and secretory granules within 3 hours. After 3 hours, the cell
      surface area decreased, whereas the surface area of the Golgi complex and the
      secretory granules increased, and after 12 hours, the surface area of the rough
      endoplasmic reticulum also increased. In the vitamin D3-treated rats the surface
      area of the secretory granules increased, but the cell surface area had decreased
      by 24, 48, and 72 hours after application. These data suggest that parathyroid
      cells respond to a transient depression of the serum calcium concentration by an
      initial centrifugal membrane shift indicating enhanced exocytosis, followed by a
      centripedal membrane shift indicating enhanced endocytic retrieval of the plasma
      membrane. Later, membrane synthesis led to an increase of the membrane
      compartments concerned with parathyroid hormone secretion. Elevation of the serum
      calcium concentration following vitamin D3 treatment resulted in reduced release
      of parathyroid hormone by exocytosis and enhanced retrieval of plasma membranes
      by endocytosis. The fate of the retrieval plasma membrane remains unclear.

PMID- 3887033
TI  - A history of vision screening.
AB  - The vision screening program has a long and interesting history involving
      educators, pediatricians, optometrists, and ophthalmologists. Since, the earliest
      screening program initiated in 1899, many alterations in the original program
      have resulted from consideration of test reliability, testing conditions, and
      child maturity. Indeed, even the basic concept of vision screening had to be
      proven beneficial before it was widely accepted. The three basic areas of the
      exam - visual acuity, hyperopia, and heterophoria - developed independently into
      a concise, thorough screening system. Minor controversies continue, causing
      continuing modification and improvement.

PMID- 3887032
TI  - Immunohistochemical analysis of human lymphomas with monoclonal antibodies to B
      cell and Ia antigens reactive in paraffin sections.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to B cell- and T cell-specific antigens uniformly
      have been restricted in their use to cell suspension or frozen section techniques
      because the antigens that they identify are either masked or lost in the fixation
      or paraffin-embedding processes. Antiimmunoglobulin antisera, although readily
      identifying cytoplasmic immunoglobulin in paraffin sections, has not been as
      useful as originally hoped since the majority of B cell lymphomas express surface
      immunoglobulins, which requires cell suspensions or frozen sections for
      detection. Because cell suspension procedures disrupt tissue architecture and
      frozen section techniques grossly distort morphology, neither method allows the
      combination of optimal morphologic and immunologic classification of lymphomas.
      We recently reported two MoAbs, LN-1 and LN-2, that react with B cells in
      paraffin sections. LN-1 reacts with the surface membrane and cytoplasm of
      germinal center B cells. LN-2 reacts uniquely with the nuclear membrane and
      cytoplasm of mantle zone and germinal center B cells and interdigitating
      histiocytes. We have also identified a new MoAb, LN-3, that reacts with the HLA
      DR antigen in paraffin sections. We now report the use of LN-1, LN-2, and LN-3 in
      the analysis of paraffin sections from 58 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and 15 cases of
      Hodgkin's disease. The types of cells reactive with these MoAbs in neoplastic
      lymphoid proliferations largely recapitulate their benign morphologic and
      immunologic counterparts. As a panel, LN-1, LN-2, and LN-3 were reactive with 98%
      of B cell lymphomas, and LN-1 and LN-2 were negative on all T cell lymphomas. In
      addition to identifying the cell of origin of these malignant proliferations,
      these MoAbs were also useful for identifying architectural features in neoplastic
      lymph nodes. Thus, these reagents provide the ability to assess the immunologic
      phenotype of neoplastic lymphocytes in conjunction with the critical morphologic
      criteria requiring paraffin embedding.

PMID- 3887034
TI  - Causes and treatment of insomnia among adolescents.
AB  - Though the preponderance of research on insomnia suggests that this malady occurs
      primarily among the adult population, recent research has revealed that as many
      as 13% of the adolescent population may suffer from chronic insomnia. Having one
      in 10 of the school population afflicted by this seldom considered ailment holds
      serious implications for learning. Adolescent insomnia can impair the victim's
      daily existence and affect personal life, school performance, and school
      attendance. Furthermore, if not dealt with initially, adolescent insomnia may
      lead to adult insomnia and dependence on alcohol and other drugs. The prevalence
      of adolescent insomnia, its cause, diagnosis, and treatment are examined.

PMID- 3887035
TI  - Oral structural and neuromuscular characteristics in children with normal and
      disordered articulation.
AB  - The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether there were any signs
      of structural and/or neuromuscular aberrations in the speech mechanisms of
      children who were previously diagnosed as having "functional" articulation
      disorders. These children were compared with a group of normally articulating
      children. Results of in-depth oral mechanism examinations revealed no significant
      differences between these groups on any of the measures made. The clinical
      implications of such findings are discussed.

PMID- 3887036
TI  - Fuel utilization following injury: relationship to hormonal environment.
AB  - To investigate the relationship between fuel metabolism, insulin resistance, and
      hormonal environment, insulin clamp studies and indirect calorimetry were
      performed in nine normal volunteers after they had received a continuous infusion
      of the three "stress" hormones, cortisol, glucagon, and epinephrine, for 3 days.
      Studies after a 3-day infusion of saline served as control. Diets were constant
      and matched on both occasions. Hormonal infusion achieved hormone concentrations
      similar to those seen following mild to moderate injury. In this altered
      environment, insulin failed to suppress endogenous glucose production and
      resulted in reduced glucose disposal. The glucose that was taken up was oxidized,
      not stored. Furthermore, insulin failed to suppress fat oxidation. The altered
      hormonal environment achieved by triple hormonal infusion, simulated many of the
      features of post-traumatic fuel metabolism.

PMID- 3887037
TI  - Prostanoid production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Kupffer cells.
AB  - Although some data suggest that macrophages in the reticuloendothelial system
      (RES) are important sources of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and prostacyclin (PGI2)
      during endotoxic shock, we are unaware of data documenting the ability of hepatic
      macrophages (Kupffer cells) to release either TxA2 or PGI2 when exposed to
      lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin, LPS). In this study, Kupffer cells were examined
      for their ability to release prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), TxA2, and PGI2 following
      stimulation with 0, 1.0, 50.0, and 100.0 micrograms/ml of Escherichia coli LPS.
      Kupffer cells were obtained from rat livers by enzymatic digestion with 0.05%
      collagenase followed by enrichment of the macrophage population on the basis of
      differences in density and adherence among the various cell populations isolated.
      Based on several criteria (phagocytosis of opsonized sheep erythrocytes, positive
      staining for esterase and peroxidase, failure to replicate), 95% of adherent
      cells were Kupffer cells. After 4 days of incubation, cells were stimulated with
      various doses of LPS for 4 and 8 hr. Prostanoid concentrations in culture
      supernatants were determined by radioimmunoassay. Increasing doses of LPS
      significantly (P less than 0.001) increased the concentration of immunoreactive
      PGE2 (iPGE2) and iTxB2 (the stable metabolite of TxA2). The concentration of i6
      keto-PFG1 alpha (stable metabolite of PGI2) increased following stimulation with
      1.0 microgram/ml of LPS, but declined as the dose of LPS was increased. The
      results provide evidence that endotoxin-activated Kupffer cells, like other
      macrophage populations, release several metabolites of arachidonic acid. Kupffer
      cell-derived prostanoids, particularly TxA2, may be important mediators of some
      of the pathophysiologic manifestations of acute endotoxemia.

PMID- 3887038
TI  - Stressful life events and alcohol misuse in women: a critical review.
AB  - The literature on stressful life events and alcohol misuse in women is critically
      reviewed. Many researchers have suggested that women begin to misuse alcohol in
      response to stress linked to precipitating circumstances or life events. Middle
      aged women are felt to be especially at risk because of the nature of the events
      that they are likely to experience, e.g., divorce, bereavement and departure of
      children from the home. Evidence for these views has been collected by asking
      patients to recall particular events in their past that they considered may have
      caused their heavy drinking. This approach has several methodological problems,
      most notably the failure to deal with the possibility that heavy drinking
      produced an increased frequency of stressful life events rather than vice versa.
      It has been speculated that women are more likely to attribute their heavy
      drinking to causes that are more likely to elicit sympathy than condemnation.
      None of the studies discussed has considered the possibility that the link
      between life events and heavy drinking reflects the activities of a sizable
      subgroup of women described as "sociopathic" alcoholics, the disturbance
      producing an excess of both events and excessive alcohol consumption.
      Considerable criticism has been leveled at the use of poorly validated concepts
      such as "mid-life crisis" and the tendency to use terms such as "menopausal
      syndrome" as an explanation for almost any difficulty experienced by women in
      middle age. It is concluded that the hypothesis that stressful life events cause
      excessive drinking remains to be empirically demonstrated.

PMID- 3887039
TI  - Beta-2-microglobulin as a marker of malignant epithelial tumors of the skin.
AB  - Twenty-seven formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin samples were examined to
      determine the usefulness of the loss of beta-2-microglobulin (B2m) in determining
      the malignancy of the epithelial cells of skin tumors. Our results confirm that
      there is loss of B2m from the cell surface in certain malignant lesions whereas
      the cells in the clearly benign lesions retain B2m on their cell membrane.
      Variable staining in the low-grade malignant and premalignant lesions renders B2m
      as an unreliable cell surface marker for differentiating borderline lesions.

PMID- 3887040
TI  - Medicinal plants: an approach to the study of naturally occurring drugs.

PMID- 3887041
TI  - A multidisciplinary overview of intoxicating snuff rituals in the western
      hemisphere.
AB  - Part one of the paper discusses ethnobotanical, chemical and general
      pharmacological aspects of intoxicating snuff rituals in the western hemisphere.
      Four categories of ritual snuff ingredients arise from this multidisciplinary
      approach: It is well established that the plant contains one or more psychoactive
      principles and the Indian use of the plant as a ritual snuff ingredient is
      confirmed or quite probable: Anadenanthera, Erythroxylum, Nicotiana, Virola; It
      is well established that the plant contains one or more psychoactive principles,
      but the Indian use of the plant as a ritual snuff ingredient is not well recorded
      or even unlikely: Banisteriopsis, Cannabis, Datura, Ilex guayusa; The Indian use
      of the plant as a ritual snuff ingredient is confirmed or quite probable, but it
      is not well established that the plant contains one or more psychoactive
      principles: Justicia pectoralis, Pagamea macrophylla, Tanaecium nocturnum; The
      Indian use of the plant as a ritual snuff ingredient is not well recorded, and it
      is not well established that the plant contains one or more psychoactive
      principles: Acorus calamus, Capsicum, Macquira sclerophylla, Piper interitum.
      Part two of the paper discusses the nasal pharmacokinetics and efficacy of
      possible ritual snuff constituents. The literature yields convincing clinical
      evidence that atropine, cocaine, nicotine and scopolamine are effective following
      nasal application, but experimental confirmation of the efficacy of nasal
      tryptamine alkaloids is still awaited. In self-experiments, 6.4 mg/kg of caffeine
      produced substantial plasma levels via the nasal route, but 0.5 mg/kg of harmine
      did not produce measurable plasma levels, when taken as a nasal powder. Without
      additional experiments, it is difficult to give a definite explanation for this
      negative result.

PMID- 3887042
TI  - Sequential bilateral lung transplantation for paraquat poisoning. A case report.
      The Toronto Lung Transplant group.
AB  - A 31-year-old nurseryman developed progressive respiratory failure secondary to
      paraquat poisoning after repeated and prolonged exposure. Ventilatory assistance
      proved inadequate to maintain satisfactory oxygenation, and extracorporeal
      membrane oxygenator support was instituted. A right lung transplantation was
      performed, but the transplant subsequently was damaged when lethal levels of
      paraquat entered the bloodstream from muscle reservoirs. Membrane oxygenation was
      reinstituted for 19 days during which time charcoal hemoperfusion reduced
      paraquat levels to the undetectable range. A left lung transplantation was then
      performed, after which pulmonary gas exchange no longer posed a problem. The
      patient subsequently developed a progressive, severe, toxic myopathy with
      generalized weakness and inability to maintain spontaneous ventilation. Death
      occurred from a cerebrovascular accident after a trachea-innominate artery
      fistula, 93 days after the initial lung transplantation and 71 days after the
      second one. The development of progressive toxic myopathy following severe
      Paraquat poisoning has not been previously recognized, presumably because most
      victims of fatal paraquat poisoning survive only a brief period.

PMID- 3887043
TI  - Synthesis by mouse peritoneal cells of G-CSF, the differentiation inducer for
      myeloid leukemia cells: stimulation by endotoxin, M-CSF and multi-CSF.
AB  - Normal C57BL mouse peritoneal cells were able to synthesize material with the
      ability to induce differentiation in colonies of the mouse myelomonocytic
      leukemia cell line, WEHI-3B. The active factor was provisionally identified
      biochemically as the normal regulator, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, G
      CSF. Thioglycollate-induced peritoneal exudate cells had little or no capacity to
      synthesize such material. Production of active material was elevated 10-100-fold
      by exposure of peritoneal cells to endotoxin, detectable elevations being
      observed after the addition of as little as 0.8 ng/ml. Production of G-CSF was
      observed using adherent peritoneal macrophages, was a radioresistant process
      depending on protein synthesis and was not modified by the absence or addition of
      T-lymphocytes. Addition of unfractionated media containing M-CSF or Multi-CSF,
      partially purified M-CSF or fully purified Multi-CSF elevated the production of G
      CSF by peritoneal cells from both C57BL mice and mice of the endotoxin
      unresponsive strain C3H/HeJ, but an involvement of endotoxin in this process
      could not be excluded absolutely. The experiments provide further evidence that
      microorganisms and perhaps hemopoietic regulators play an important role in
      modulating the production of G-CSF and thus have the potentiality to influence
      the emergence and progressive proliferation of myeloid leukemia populations.

PMID- 3887044
TI  - Ex vivo elimination of lymphoblastic leukemia cells from human marrow by
      mafosfamid.
AB  - Studies were performed to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of mafosfamid, a new
      synthetic derivative of cyclophosphamide. We tested its ability to eliminate
      lymphoblastic leukemia cells from autologous bone marrow grafts following a 30
      min preincubation in a highly sensitive clonogenic assay. Treatment with 50-100
      micrograms mafosfamid/ml eliminated more than 4 logs of contaminating clonogenic
      tumor cells from a 200-fold excess of normal bone marrow. Flow cytometric studies
      showed differences in cell cycle kinetics between mafosfamid-resistant and
      mafosfamid-susceptible tumor cell clones. Compared to drug susceptible clonogenic
      tumor cells, clones that resisted treatment with 100 micrograms mafosfamid/ml
      exhibited a smaller percentage of cells in S-phase, indicating that mafosfamid is
      mostly cytotoxic to rapidly cycling tumor cells. The combination of mafosfamid
      and a target cell selective immunotoxin containing pokeweed anti-viral protein
      was superior to mafosfamid alone or immunotoxin alone for purging mafosfamid
      resistant leukemic cells from human marrow.

PMID- 3887045
TI  - Studies on the self-renewal ability of CFU-S which have been serially transferred
      in long-term culture or in vivo.
AB  - The progressive decline in the repopulating ability of bone marrow serially
      transferred through a succession of recipients is well documented. A similar
      series of transfers onto successive long-term culture adherent layers has been
      carried out using as 'donor' cells both adherent layer cells and cells from the
      culture supernatant. For as long as the in vitro serial transfer regime can be
      maintained the decline in self-renewal ability ('quality') of the CFU-S parallels
      the similar decline observed in vivo and occurs irrespective of the quality of
      CFU-S transferred. In both the in vivo and in vitro transfer regimes there is
      little or no loss of quality of CFU-S as a result of one 'transfer' although
      there may be a reduction in the total numbers of CFU-S in the mouse. However, a
      second and third transfer in vivo or in vitro leads to a rapid decline in the
      quality (self-renewal ability) of the CFU-S. Furthermore, despite the fact that
      the cells are transferred in vitro to a new adherent layer there is no recovery
      of the quality lost in the second transfer of the CFU-S. This fact implies that
      self-renewal potential of the CFU-S is a property intrinsic to the cell. The data
      presented here appear to exclude mitotic history and proliferative stress as
      factors determining the loss of self-renewal in CFU-S. They also fail to
      implicate stromal involvement in the decline. It may be that the dilution of an
      accessory cell or simply the disaggregation of the marrow may be major factors.
      The work presented indicates that the loss of self-renewal and repopulating
      ability of haemopoietic stem cells as a result of marrow transplantation may be
      studied using the long-term marrow culture and yield results relevant to in vivo
      marrow transplantation.

PMID- 3887046
TI  - A versatile and simple method for staining nervous tissue using Giemsa dye.
AB  - A method for staining nervous tissue with Giemsa dye is described. The procedure
      is easy to perform and works well on paraffin, celloidin and frozen sections. The
      results combine the properties of the Nissl stains with the polychromatism of the
      Romanowsky dyes. The method also provides good results for counterstaining
      autoradiographies, or when applied after horseradish or peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      techniques. In the latter case, Giemsa dye darkens the immunoreactive product in
      the same manner as osmium tetroxide but avoids the well-known risks of handling
      this toxic agent.

PMID- 3887047
TI  - Chemical changes of insulin in implantable dosing devices.

PMID- 3887048
TI  - [Contracture lesions of the extremities: anatomopathology and therapy (apropos of
      46 cases)].

PMID- 3887049
TI  - Doppler echocardiography: theory, instrumentation, technique, and application.
AB  - A Doppler examination is a valuable adjunct to a complete echocardiographic
      examination. It has the capability of measuring normal and abnormal velocities of
      blood flow noninvasively. For the first time, this procedure allows noninvasive
      quantitation of stenotic gradients, intracardiac pressures, and blood flow as
      well as semiquantitative assessment of regurgitant lesions. With this procedure,
      the operator must progress through a learning curve in order to gain a complete
      understanding of the examination techniques, the limitations of the instruments,
      and the Doppler physics principles before applications can be made to clinical
      practice. Evaluation of other aspects of Doppler echocardiography, such as color
      flow mapping and assessment of diastolic events, portends great promise for the
      role of this procedure in the future.

PMID- 3887050
TI  - LMT brings you the best of '84.

PMID- 3887051
TI  - Determinants of nursing home discharge status.
AB  - Data from the 1977 National Nursing Home Survey show that more than one fourth of
      admissions are discharged back to the community. Weighted logistical regression
      analysis was used to assess the impacts of patient, facility, and contextual
      characteristics on discharge status. The important exception is the proportion of
      the home's patients supported publicly, especially by Medicaid. Patients in homes
      that are heavily Medicaid supported have a significantly reduced chance of
      community discharge. Profit versus nonprofit status of the facility does not
      prove to be significant, nor does chain membership. Important patient
      characteristics are marital status, age, diagnosis, physical dependency, mental
      disorders, and source of payment for charges. Climate is significant, while
      occupancy rate is not.

PMID- 3887052
TI  - [Pathology of the pregnant diabetic: its relation to the degree of metabolic
      control during the pregnancy].

PMID- 3887053
TI  - [Control and complications of diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3887054
TI  - [The rule of excess: a simple and useful parameter for measuring the association
      between exposure and disease].

PMID- 3887055
TI  - [Immunohistochemistry (I)].

PMID- 3887056
TI  - [Genuine cutaneous amyloidosis. Natural course].
AB  - A case of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis followed up during 35 years is
      reported. The initial lesions and the pruritus disappeared after years of
      evolution and new lesions appeared in other areas. These findings confirm
      previous observations of the author who reported on 24 patients with primary
      localized cutaneous amyloidosis followed up for 20 to 30 years. In seven of them
      amyloid was demonstrated in areas where clinical lesions had disappeared. In most
      patients either the clinical lesions the pruritus, or both had disappeared and in
      many patients other clinical lesions had appeared in other locations.

PMID- 3887057
TI  - [Clinical features of carotinemia].
AB  - We describe two cases of yellowish pigmentation of the skin (xanthodermia). The
      first case is called carotenemia and the second case is called lycopaenemia. This
      condition of carotenemia had been earlier described under the names "aurantiasis"
      and "carotenosis" cutis. We have put emphasis on the clinical description and on
      principal foods that cause this alteration. The carotenoids occur in all green
      vegetables and specially carrots and fruit.

PMID- 3887059
TI  - [Florid oral papillomatosis].

PMID- 3887058
TI  - [Disseminated mycosis fungoides].
AB  - A case of mycosis fungoides (MF) that began with cutaneous eritemato-papular
      lesions leading to death with neurological symptoms is reported. Cutaneous
      histophatology was typical to MF and the liquoric citology showed Sezary cells.
      Necropsy evidenced extra-cutaneous dissemination of the tumor involving
      lymphnodes, heart, digestive system, bladder, liver, bone marrow and
      leptomeninges. The uncommon clinical manifestations and evolution are discussed.

PMID- 3887060
TI  - [Basal cell nevus syndrome. Presentation of 2 cases. 1 associated with
      medulloblastoma].
AB  - A case of nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome in a four years old girl with
      preceding familiar history is reported. In her epithelioma father numerous
      basocellular, milia cysts, mandibular cysts, dentition disorders, brain falx
      calcifica ted and hiperkeratosis of the sole of the feet were described.
      Clinically, the girl presented initial migraine and vomits together with
      macrocephalus, bossing forehead, hypertelorism, physical disorders, retarded
      maturation, "keel" thorax, genu recurvatum, hallux valgus, hammerfinger,
      pigmented nevus and hyperkeratosis of the sole of the feet. Radiologically
      diastasis of the skull suture with jagged image, endocranial hypertension, signs
      of macrocephalus of the facial bones, calcification of the brain falx, bridge of
      the sella turcica, bifid ribs and fusion of the ribs was observed. The axial
      computed tomography showed calcification of the vermix cerebelosus and severe
      hydrocephalus suggesting the presence of an occupant mass. After total surgical
      removal of the mass, the histological examination revealed a medulloblastoma. The
      skin biopsy of a cutaneous nevic element showed a basal-cell epithelioma. With
      the exception of an ovarian fibroma and fusion of the vertebras non appreciable
      because of the age. With the exception of the ovarian fibroma and the fusion of
      the vertebras, the patient showed the same characteristics as those described in
      the classification of Gorlin. The importance of this paper communication lie on
      the preceding familiar history, infrequency, compromise of different systems,
      malignant tendency of the cutaneous lesions and frequent association with non
      cutaneous neoplasias.

PMID- 3887061
TI  - [Non-gonococcal urogenital infections: etiology].
AB  - 1,109 patients suffering from non-gonococcal urogenital infections have been
      studied. 63.4% of the patients had genital discharge. Microorganisms were found
      in 685 patients (61.8%), only one agent being isolated in 73.6% and two in 22.1%
      of the cases respectively. The rest of the patients had an association of three
      or more microorganisms. In women, the most frequently identified microorganism
      was Candida sp (29.9%), followed by U. urealyticum (20.5%) and G. vaginalis
      (19.7%). In men, U. realyticum (40.1%) was the most frequent followed by C.
      Trachomatis (21.4%) and M. hominis (16.6%).

PMID- 3887062
TI  - [Dermatomycosis in plaques caused by Botryomyces caespitosus. A new causative
      agent].
AB  - The clinical and histological features of a dermomycosis caused by a new
      dematiaceum fungus are described. The mycological characteristics of this fungus
      individualize and differentiate it from other demiataceum hyphomycetes, proposing
      the name of Botryomyces caespitosus for it. The submicroscopic features are
      commented, as well.

PMID- 3887063
TI  - [Post-phlebitis cutaneous calcinosis. Histochemical study].
AB  - A case of cutaneous localized calcinosis of the left upper limb is reported and
      classified as dystrophic calcinosis because the antecedent of superficial
      phlebitis. This kind of manifestation is rare in relationship with the frequence
      of superficial inflammatory processus of veins.

PMID- 3887064
TI  - [Case for diagnosis. Dermatofibrosis lenticularis disseminata].

PMID- 3887065
TI  - Dopamine receptors: functions, subtypes and emerging concepts.

PMID- 3887067
TI  - The role of brain metabolism in the action of opiates.

PMID- 3887066
TI  - The use of microorganisms for the study of drug metabolism.
AB  - The potential for the use of microorganisms as tools in the study of drug
      metabolism appears to be unlimited. The selected examples cited here are only the
      beginning of what could develop into a widely accepted alternative in vitro model
      system for studying drug metabolism in humans. As with any other in vitro model
      system, it is not expected that microbial systems could ever replace animals in
      biomedical research. The acquisition of data regarding absorption, distribution,
      and excretion will still require whole animal systems. However, it is clear from
      the examples cited that microbial systems offer a reliable, reproducible
      alternative to small animal models for preliminary drug metabolism studies. Due
      to significant species variation, small animal models may, in many cases, be less
      reliable than microorganisms as predictive models of human metabolism. It has
      been estimated that approximately 70 million animals are used each year in the
      U.S. for biomedical research. The development of any techniques which curtail the
      sacrifice of such large numbers of animals is welcomed both by animal welfare
      groups who wish to ensure the humane treatment of laboratory animals and by
      researchers who additionally appreciate the more practical and economical
      benefits of such alternatives.

PMID- 3887068
TI  - Alkaline elution of DNA as a method for assessing genotoxic effects of drugs: its
      application to a series of antiviral compounds.
AB  - Various techniques are available for the evaluation of the genotoxic potential of
      drugs and chemicals, some of which utilize as targets mammalian cells grown in
      vitro. Among these techniques alkaline elution of DNA has the advantage of
      rapidity and low cost, and can be performed on easily grown leukemia cell lines.
      To test the applicability of the method to pharmaceutical compounds, we used DNA
      alkaline elution with a series of antiviral agents with variable DNA-damaging
      activity. 5-Iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (5-IdU), 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (5-BrdU) and 5
      trifluoromethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (F3dT) increased the DNA elution rate over
      controls in a dose-dependent fashion, 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ARA-A)
      had a marginal effect. 9-(2-Hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine(acyclovir,ACV) and 5-(2
      bromovinyl)-2-deoxyuridine (5-BrVdU), selective antiviral compounds, did not vary
      alkaline elution profiles. These results fully support the use of alkaline
      elution of DNA as a standard procedure in the evaluation of the genotoxic effect
      of drugs.

PMID- 3887069
TI  - [Ultrasound examination of the upper abdomen. A proposal for standard
      documentation].

PMID- 3887070
TI  - [Treatment of mallet finger due to an avulsion fracture].

PMID- 3887071
TI  - [Results of the Jonkoping's study. Large-scale hypertensive drug therapy in
      diabetics].

PMID- 3887072
TI  - [The Gotland's study: high prescription rate of diabetic agents but also high
      morbidity].

PMID- 3887073
TI  - [Grandfather, father and son--3 famous Meckel anatomists].

PMID- 3887074
TI  - [A 10-year follow-up of men with mild hypertension. Bendroflumethiazide and
      propranolol give equal effect in treatment of high blood pressure].

PMID- 3887076
TI  - [Antiarrhythmic agents in tinnitus treatment].
AB  - The treatment of tinnitus patients is a major problem in ENT. This depends on the
      fact that no objective parameter exists for this symptom. Therefore, every
      treatment schedule should meet the criteria of a rational tinnitus treatment. The
      value of lidocaine in the management of the tinnitus patient was assessed in a
      randomised blind-controlled cross-over trial. 20 patients with sensorineural
      hearing loss of different kinds and a well defined tinnitus were treated by an
      intravenous infusion of lidocaine. 13 patients reported a tinnitus suppression of
      more than 50 per cent, whereas there was no response with saline. These
      subjective changes were accompanied by BERA alterations such as a reversible
      lengthening of central conduction time without hearing impairment. The mechanism
      of action of lidocaine in tinnitus is discussed according to electrophysiological
      hypotheses.

PMID- 3887077
TI  - Surgery of the incompetent nasal valve.
AB  - One of the causes of nasal airway obstruction during inspiration is an
      incompetent nasal valve. An incompetent valve is one that collapses during quiet
      normal breathing due to narrowing of the valve area, a loss of upper and/or lower
      lateral cartilage support, or a combination of these. The most common etiology is
      a previous rhinoplasty; trauma and aging are other causes. Treatment is surgical
      and consists of replacing what is missing with similar tissue. If only the
      vestibular skin is scarred, a skin graft is used. If cartilage alone is missing,
      a cartilage graft is inserted. If both skin and cartilage are absent, a composite
      graft from the concha is the best choice.

PMID- 3887075
TI  - [Therapeutic pancreatic duct occlusion in chronic pancreatitis: clinical,
      exocrine and endocrine consequences in a 12 month follow-up study].
AB  - Therapeutic pancreatic duct occlusion (PDO) is applied to preserve endocrine
      pancreatic function by atrophizing and thus eliminating chronically inflamed
      exocrine pancreatic parenchyma. So far, efficient and lasting elimination of
      exocrine parenchyma is brought about only by intraoperative PDO upon partial
      duodenopancreatectomy. While partial duodenopancreatectomy itself reduces
      endocrine pancreatic function by about 40%, intraoperative PDO does not further
      impair endocrine function. Endocrine function is not affected at all by
      endoscopic PDO, which has to be improved, however, concerning its eliminatory
      effect on exocrine pancreatic parenchyma.

PMID- 3887078
TI  - [The pancreas as target organ for hepatitis B virus--immunohistological detection
      of HBsAg in pancreatic carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis].
AB  - In a retrospective study pancreatic tissue specimens from 199 patients who had
      had pancreas surgery were tested for the presence of HBsAg. HBsAg could be
      demonstrated in two patients with chronic pancreatitis, in five patients with
      pancreas carcinoma and in one asymptomatic HBsAg carrier by use of the
      immunoperoxidase method. Demonstration of HBsAg in acinus epithelia and the small
      ductules supports the hypothesis, that virus particles can be produced and
      secreted by pancreatic tissue. The incidence of HBsAg in pancreas carcinoma (7%
      of cases investigated) is higher than can be explained by coincidence, thus there
      may be a certain association. These findings and data reported in the literature,
      showing that acute necrotizing pancreatitis can be caused by hepatitis virus, may
      lead to the conclusion, that in patients suffering from acute pancreatitis with
      unknown etiology serological virus diagnostics should be done.

PMID- 3887079
TI  - [Current status of therapy of liver metastases of colorectal carcinoma].
AB  - Surgical removal of liver metastases stemming from colo-rectal carcinoma is the
      therapy of choice of this disease. Postoperative mortality is 8%, 5 years
      survival rate ranges between 22 and 52% and can be considered to be good. However
      in 85% of patients surgery is not possible because of widespread involvement of
      the liver. Systemic chemotherapy yields remission rates up to 23% without
      increase of survival time, and therefore is no real alternative. Infusion of
      cytostatic drug into the hepatic artery yields better results, e.g. remission
      rates up to 85% and average survival times up to 26 months.

PMID- 3887080
TI  - Mycobacterium leprae in seminal fluid: a case report.

PMID- 3887081
TI  - The search for new drugs for the treatment of leprosy.

PMID- 3887082
TI  - Psychic distress and the immune response.
AB  - This minireview surveys recent progress in the field of immunoregulation by the
      central nervous system. Representative findings from human and animal studies
      show evidence for significant immunosuppression in states of psychic distress.
      Mechanisms of immunomodulation are discussed in light of data implicating
      neuroendocrine, genetic, neuroanatomical, and learning factors. Evidence for
      reciprocal modulation of immune and nervous systems is considered. A simple
      hierarchical model proposes traits that are acted on by environment and
      experience to produce chronic states of mental health vs. psychic distress; these
      states determine baseline immunocompetence and response to afferent signals
      during acute immune challenge. Multidisciplinary interest in
      psychoneuroimmunology has accelerated the rate of inquiry into the mechanistic
      details of immunoregulation and has generated new appreciation for the pervasive
      effects of mental status on physiologic homeostasis.

PMID- 3887083
TI  - Enhancement of the pressor response to norepinephrine by angiotensin in the
      conscious rabbit.
AB  - The pressor interactions between angiotensin II and norepinephrine were
      investigated in conscious New Zealand white rabbits receiving a low sodium diet.
      Angiotensin II was administered continuously by intraperitoneal osmotic pumps in
      a subpressor dose so as to avoid the potentially confounding effects of
      experimentally-induced hypertension. Norepinephrine challenges were given as a
      series of graded intravenous boluses. During the 3 days of study the baseline
      blood pressure in the angiotensin-treated rabbits (n=10) did not differ from that
      in controls (n=10) whose intraperitoneal pumps contained only diluent. After 24
      hours the systolic and diastolic blood pressure responses to norepinephrine in
      the angiotensin-treated group were, on average, 45% and 30% higher than in the
      controls; after 72 hours, they were 46% and 34% higher. Although the pressor
      amplitudes were increased by angiotensin II, they were not prolonged. Thus,
      facilitation by the subpressor angiotensin II of the blood pressure responses to
      norepinephrine did not seem dependent upon alterations in endogenous sympathetic
      mechanisms or the uptake of norepinephrine; nor could it be explained by sodium
      retention. It is possible that angiotensin II exhibits its effect by enhancing
      contractile responsiveness to norepinephrine at the postreceptor level.

PMID- 3887084
TI  - SCH23390 causes persistent antidopaminergic effects in vivo: evidence for
      longterm occupation of receptors.
AB  - SCH23390 has neurochemical properties characteristic of a specific D1 dopamine
      receptor antagonist. However, it is a potent inhibitor of dopamine-mediated
      behaviors which previously had been thought to be linked to D2 receptors. The
      metabolism of SCH23390 following parenteral administration to rats was much more
      rapid in the periphery than in brain, and SCH23390 had behavioral effects long
      after its circulating concentration had declined below detectable levels.
      Furthermore, the stimulation of adenylate cyclase by dopamine was attenuated in
      striatal homogenates taken from rats treated with SCH23390 as much as twelve
      hours before sacrifice. Pretreatment with cis-flupenthixol, a compound with
      equivalent D1 potency in vitro, failed to inhibit dopamine-stimulated adenylate
      cyclase activity one or four hours following injection, despite the fact that
      this dose produced significant behavioral effects. These data indicate that
      SCH23390 may act with unusual tenacity at certain sites in the central nervous
      system.

PMID- 3887085
TI  - [Polyradiomodification. Combined body protection in the total irradiation of mice
      during exogenous hypoxia].
AB  - A high efficacy of the combined use of nontoxic doses of two pharmaceuticals:
      cystamine (50 mg/kg) and mexamine (25 mg/kg) under the conditions of short-term
      exogenous hypoxia (7.5% O2) was found in (CBA X C57Bl)F1 mice. The dose
      modification factor using the survival rates was 2.56.

PMID- 3887086
TI  - [Relative biological effectiveness of 252Cf neutrons].

PMID- 3887087
TI  - [Radiation protection and new radiodiagnostic methods].

PMID- 3887088
TI  - [Coryphaeus of Soviet surgery (Vladimir Nikolaevich Shamov)].

PMID- 3887089
TI  - [Drugs used in ear diseases in children].

PMID- 3887090
TI  - [Hepatic amebiasis: various aspects in Brazzaville].
AB  - The authors present the results of a study of 27 cases of hepatic amoebiasis
      observed in the general hospital of Brazzaville from the 1st January to the 30th
      June 1982; then they precise the various aspects of this frequent infection in
      Congo.

PMID- 3887091
TI  - [Nasal cannula, a simple, not very cumbersome, and efficacious means to induce a
      positive expiratory pressure in neonatology].
AB  - The authors report their 6 years experience in the use of a CPAP nasal cannula in
      91 children. Their indications are idiopathic respiratory distress (hyaline
      membrane disease) stage I, II, III in children more than 1500 g, stage I and II
      for those less than 1500 g; transitory respiratory distress; cesarean lung;
      amniotic inhalation after aspiration and physiotherapy. In 75 newborns this
      method rendered tracheal intubation unnecessary. There were few side effects and
      very few serious accidents. The authors propose this method to be a substitute to
      tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, for the units of neonatal
      intensive care, or nurseries, specially in tropical countries, without important
      medical supplies. They give modalities, indications and applications of this
      innocuousness, easy and non-expensive method.

PMID- 3887092
TI  - [Evolution of campaigns against malaria from 1897 to the present].
AB  - The knowledge of more precise epidemiological data, the use of new drugs, the
      application of better adapted measures against the anopheles mosquitoes have
      given hope for the elimination of malaria. Successes have been obtained at least
      in certain latitudes; however, in intertropical regions the problem often remains
      without a final solution. The stages of this persistent fight carried on for 90
      years are recalled with their alternating successes and failures.

PMID- 3887093
TI  - Kidney and spleen twin grafts in rats: unidirectional graft acceptance in
      unsuppressed ACI recipients.
AB  - In previous studies, we have shown that vascularized spleen grafts can facilitate
      the acceptance of simultaneously implanted hearts, especially if host splenectomy
      is done 3 days later. The present study shows that the same protocol works not
      only for hearts but also for kidneys. A total of 59 renal allografts were carried
      out in various combinations between LEW and ACI rats. The recipients were
      submitted to bilateral nephrectomy at the time of graft implantation and host
      splenectomy 3 days later. Graft function was assessed by survival time of the
      animals. In addition, BUN, creatinine, and hematocrit were measured in selected
      individuals. The following observations were made: 1) LEW kidneys were rejected
      at 92 +/- 65 days while ACI kidneys failed at 17 +/- 1.4 days (p less than
      0.025). 2) Control animals without simultaneous syngenic functioning spleen
      implant rejected their LEW kidneys at 30.6 +/- 24.3 days (p less than 0.005). 3)
      Eleven rats never rejected their LEW kidneys (four single, seven twin grafts). 4)
      BUN, creatinine, and hematocrit differed significantly in rats with functioning
      kidneys compared to those in end stage renal failure (p less than 0.0005, p less
      than 0.0025, and p less than 10(-7) respectively). It is concluded that the
      presence of the donor spleen can facilitate the acceptance of a simultaneous
      kidney graft to various degrees, depending on the strain combination.

PMID- 3887094
TI  - Berger's disease in children. Natural history and outcome.
AB  - The clinical course and outcome of 91 children less than 15 years of age at onset
      and followed for at least 1 year have been retrospectively analyzed. The course
      has been characterized by recurrent macroscopic hematuria in 74 patients, by
      proteinuria-microscopic hematuria and a single episode of macroscopic hematuria
      occurring either at onset or a few months later in 8, by proteinuria-microscopic
      hematuria in 7, and by proteinuria only in 1. Lastly, one patient showed rapidly
      progressive renal failure. Four groups were identified by light microscopy:
      minimal glomerular changes (26), focal and segmental glomerulonephritis (41),
      pure mesangial proliferation (3) and proliferative glomerulonephritis with
      crescents (21). A good correlation was found between the glomerular lesions
      observed by light microscopy and the outcome. In this series we have not observed
      a dramatic clinical deterioration suggesting a transformation from one histologic
      type to another, as reported by others. None of the 70 patients belonging to the
      first three groups has impaired renal function but two with focal and segmental
      glomerulonephritis have developed hypertension. Although the clinical course is
      benign, many patients have, at the last observation, an abnormal urinalysis
      characterized by microscopic hematuria and/or mild proteinuria; the proteinuria
      is over 1 g/24 h in six patients with focal and segmental glomerulonephritis. Ten
      patients remained in clinical remission for several years, but mesangial IgA
      deposits were still present in the only patient who had a repeat biopsy while in
      remission. In contrast, none of the patients with proliferative
      glomerulonephritis with crescents has had a prolonged remission. Six patients
      developed terminal renal failure 0.7, 0.11, 2, 4, 8 and 10 years after onset. Two
      additional patients are in moderate chronic renal failure with hypertension 10
      and 12 years after onset. Most children show a persistent nephropathy, (in five
      proteinuria is over 1 g/24 h), and two of them have developed hypertension.
      Therapeutic trials using drugs with side-effects should, therefore, be used only
      in this group of patients.

PMID- 3887095
TI  - Weber-Christian disease. Analysis of 15 cases and review of the literature.
AB  - We report 15 patients encountered over 13 years who presented with inflammation
      of subcutaneous fat and were given clinical and pathologic diagnoses of Weber-
      Christian disease (WCD). Prominent clinical features included female
      predominance, lower extremity nodules, fevers, arthritis/arthralgias, and
      myalgias. Notable laboratory features were elevated erythrocyte sedimentation
      rate, anemia, leukopenia, and hypocomplementemia, frequently with circulating 7S
      IgM or immune complexes at times of active symptoms. Histologic findings were
      lobular--together with frequent septal--panniculitis, fat-laden macrophages,
      variable cellular infiltrates, necrosis, and occasional vasculitis. Follow-up
      revealed the death of 2 patients and disease stabilization or improvement in 13
      patients. Six patients developed features of other diseases (factitial disease,
      erythema nodosum, acute myelogenous leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic
      lupus erythematosus, and sarcoid) and a seventh may have had erythema induratum.
      We suggest that classic WCD, as originally described, reflects an increasingly
      recognized spectrum of panniculitides. These are syndromes of diverse etiology
      that share many clinical, inflammatory, and immunologic features.

PMID- 3887096
TI  - Unexplained persistent lymphadenopathy in homosexual men and the acquired immune
      deficiency syndrome.
AB  - Ninety-three homosexual men with persistent lymphadenopathy were followed at the
      Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center for a mean period of 20.8 months.
      Histories and serologic evidence of a number of previous infections were common,
      but the lymphadenopathy was not due to recognizable infections or neoplastic
      disease. Leukopenia, lymphopenia, granulocytopenia, monocytopenia, decreased
      ratios of T-helper to T-suppressor cells, decreased natural killer cell activity
      and increased serum immunoglobulin concentrations were common. Lymph node
      biopsies showed reactive hyperplasia without any unique histopathologic features.
      Antibody to the human T-lymphotropic virus-III (HTLV-III or LAV), a newly
      described retrovirus believed to be the etiologic agent of the acquired immune
      deficiency syndrome (AIDS), was detected in 91.4%. Over a 3-year period, 11 cases
      of AIDS were recognized in these patients: Kaposi's sarcoma developed in 7 and
      opportunistic infections in 4. The lymphadenopathy resolved in six patients and
      the others remained unchanged. Although most of these patients are asymptomatic
      and remain well, the risk of AIDS in this group of men was higher than in other
      groups of homosexual men in New York.

PMID- 3887097
TI  - The mandibular subperiosteal implant and its evolution into a valuable prosthetic
      modality for the atrophic mandible.

PMID- 3887098
TI  - Intramucosal inserts: a technique for maxillary denture stabilization.

PMID- 3887099
TI  - Hepatic and extrahepatic splanchnic glucose metabolism in the postabsorptive and
      glucose fed dog.
AB  - In awake dogs we measured the glucose balance across the liver and extrahepatic
      splanchnic tissues in the postabsorptive state and during two hours of IV
      infusion of glucose or for three hours following ingestion of oral glucose and
      during four hours of sequential intraportal followed by oral glucose. The IV
      glucose infusion rate was adjusted to maintain a steady state glucose
      concentration of either euglycemic levels (insulin clamp, group 1, N = 4), 125
      mg/100 mL above the postabsorptive glucose concentration (+125 mg glucose clamp,
      group 2, N = 3) or 200 mg/100 mL above basal glucose levels (+200 mg glucose
      clamp, group 3, N = 7). Oral glucose was given at a dose of either 1.5 g/kg
      (group 4, N = 7) or 2.5 g/kg (group 5, N = 12). In dogs that received IV glucose,
      basal gut glucose uptake (0.5 +/- 0.1 mg/min X kg) was stimulated by
      hyperglycemia (1.5 +/- 0.5 and 1.4 +/- 0.1 mg/min X kg for group 2 and 3,
      respectively, P less than 0.05). In these same animals basal hepatic glucose
      output (-2.7 +/- 0.3 mg/min X kg) was promptly suppressed and net hepatic glucose
      uptake occurred (2.8 +/- 0.2 and 2.4 +/- 0.5 mg/min X kg in group 2 and 3
      respectively). Euglycemic hyperinsulinemia (group 1) suppressed postabsorptive
      hepatic glucose release but did not enhance glucose removal by either the liver
      or gut tissues. After oral glucose gut tissues released absorbed glucose into
      portal blood. Over three hours following the glucose meal 74% and 59% of the
      ingested glucose was absorbed in group 4 and 5, respectively. As with IV glucose,
      postabsorptive hepatic glucose production was suppressed and over the first two
      hours after feeding the liver took up glucose (3.4 +/- 1.0 and 3.1 +/- 0.7 mg/min
      X kg groups 4 and 5, respectively) at a rate similar to that seen with IV
      glucose. To further examine the effect of the route of glucose administration on
      liver glucose handling, hepatic glucose balance was measured serially over four
      hours in three dogs that received IV glucose into a mesenteric vein to produce
      portal hyperglycemia (+125 mg/dL portal glucose clamp N = 3). Oral glucose (2.5
      mg/kg) was given at two hours, and the rate of the mesenteric glucose infusion
      adjusted to maintain portal glycemia constant. The hepatic glucose balance
      averaged 5.5 mg/min X kg over the 0 to 2 hour period and 4.2 +/- 1.0 mg/min X kg
      over the 2 to 4 hour time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3887100
TI  - Actions of thiazide on vitamin D metabolism: a controlled therapeutic trial in
      normal women early in the postmenopause.
AB  - The effect of thiazide on vitamin D metabolism in normal postmenopausal women was
      studied during a twelve-month placebo-controlled clinical study. Nineteen healthy
      women in their early menopause were randomized for treatment with
      bendroflumethiazide (5 mg/d) (n = 11) or placebo (n = 8) for twelve months. All
      participants were given a calcium supplement of 0.5 g/d throughout the study. A
      significant increase (p less than 0.01) in the serum concentration of 24,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol was observed in the thiazide group. Moreover, this group
      showed a tendency toward decreased serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, whereas
      the mean serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol was unchanged. Except for a highly
      significant decrease in urinary calcium in the thiazide group (P less than 0.01)
      all other biochemical indices of calcium metabolism were unchanged. The present
      data indicate that thiazide given to early postmenopausal women has a primary
      effect on the renal tubules followed by a secondary change in vitamin D
      metabolism leading to an increase in serum 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.

PMID- 3887101
TI  - Exercise-induced hepatic glucose output is precisely sensitive to the rate of
      systemic glucose supply.
AB  - It has previously been established that a glucose infusion causing hyperglycemia
      and alterations in the levels of glucoregulatory hormones suppresses the exercise
      induced increment in systemic glucose appearance (Ra). In an attempt to define
      the mechanisms responsible for this suppression of Ra, five normal subjects were
      exercised for 60 minutes on a bicycle ergometer at 60% Vo2 max on two occasions.
      On both occasions Ra was measured by a nonsteady state technique using a constant
      infusion of 3-3H-glucose. On the second occasion, an IV infusion of glucose was
      administered in a stepwise fashion to simulate in timing and magnitude the
      measured Ra response from the first study. Endogenous glucose production in the
      second study, estimated by subtracting the amount of glucose infused from the
      measured Ra response, did not increase above basal (endogenous glucose output
      response = 0.5 +/- 8.4 mmol/60 min v control study 60.2 +/- 6.6 mmol/60 min, P
      less than 0.01). The suppression of Ra was associated with a small but
      significant effect on venous plasma glucose (increment above basal less than 0.3
      mmol/L, P less than 0.05) and a significant change in glucose metabolic clearance
      rate during the second 30 minutes of exercise. Serum insulin, C-peptide,
      cortisol, growth hormone, and plasma glucagon responses to exercise were not
      significantly affected by glucose infusion and the ratio of circulating insulin
      to glucagon was also not affected. These results indicate that hepatic glucose
      output during exercise is precisely sensitive to glucose supply. The feedback
      inhibition is presumably mediated by a small increase in plasma glucose but
      cannot readily be accounted for by changes in glucoregulatory hormones.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3887102
TI  - Response to glucose and lipid infusions in sepsis: a kinetic analysis.
AB  - The kinetics and oxidation of glucose and free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism were
      assessed in control and Escherichia coli septicemic dogs by using primed,
      constant infusions of U-14C-glucose and 1,2, 13C-palmitic acid. In the controls,
      the infusion of glucose suppressed endogenous glucose production completely,
      whereas, in the septic dogs, only a 30% suppression of glucose production
      occurred. The ability of the septic dogs to oxidize endogenous or exogenous
      glucose was decreased significantly. The basal rate of appearance of FFA was
      significantly higher in the septic dogs, but their ability to oxidize FFA was
      comparable to that of the control dogs; therefore, the basal rate of FFA
      oxidation was higher in the septic dogs. These studies indicate that septic dogs
      have a decreased capacity to oxidize glucose, but that they retain their ability
      to oxidize long-chain fatty acids. Because the rate of lipolysis was increased in
      sepsis, lipid was the predominate energy substrate in this septic model.

PMID- 3887103
TI  - Aspects of glucose homeostasis in uremia as assessed by the hyperinsulinemic
      euglycemic clamp technique.
AB  - A three-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was performed in 14 nondialyzed
      uremic and ten age-matched healthy subjects. Nine of the uremics were restudied
      for a mean of 42 days (range, 21 to 88 days) after initiation of dialysis
      therapy. Insulin was infused at the following three rates: 0.5 mU X kg-1 X min-1,
      2.0 mU X kg-1 X min-1, and 4.0 mU X kg-1 X min-1. Each dose was given for 120
      minutes. Glucose uptake during the last 30 minutes of each clamp were
      consistently lower in uremic patients pre-dialysis than in controls (2.3 +/- 0.3
      v 6.6 +/- 0.8 mg X kg-1 X min, 7.8 +/- 0.6 v 13.2 +/- 1.1 mg X kg-1 X min-1 and
      9.6 +/- 0.7 v 15.5 +/- 1.0 mg X kg-1 X min-1, all P less than 0.001). Serum
      insulin levels were similar in the two groups, and blood glucose values during
      steady state were maintained at 79 +/- 2.77 +/- 2, and 77 +/- 2 mg/100 mL in
      uremic subjects and at 72 +/- 3, 73 +/- 2, and 75 +/- 2 mg/100 mL in healthy
      subjects. The insulin levels required to elicit half-maximal biological response
      in uremics (82 +/- 5 microU/mL) were markedly higher than in controls (54 +/- 8
      microU/mL, P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3887104
TI  - Establishment and characterization of fibroblast-like cell lines derived from
      adipocytes with the capacity to redifferentiate into adipocyte-like cells.

PMID- 3887105
TI  - Purification of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I.

PMID- 3887106
TI  - The Microcirculatory Society Eugene M. Landis Award lecture. Role of blood cells
      in microcirculatory regulation.

PMID- 3887107
TI  - Medication-related hospital stays are target of new Medicaid program.

PMID- 3887108
TI  - The pleiotropic properties of a beta-lactam antibiotic-hypersensitive mutant
      derived from Proteus vulgaris IFO 3167.

PMID- 3887109
TI  - Assessment of cervical carotid artery disease. A comparison between the Doppler
      "Echoflow" and conventional angiography.
AB  - Carotid artery disease is an important factor in the aetiology of stroke and
      cerebrovascular insufficiency. Angiography remains the definitive technique for
      the investigation of the carotid arteries, but the risk and expense involved has
      stimulated research into suitable non-invasive techniques. A comparison between a
      velocity-sensitive, colour-coded Doppler principle ultrasound flowmeter
      (Echoflow) and conventional angiography was conducted on 52 patients (101
      arteries) investigated at Royal Perth Hospital over a 16-month period. An
      acceptable correlation was found in 78% of cases. Echoflow scanning proved to be
      particularly accurate in assessing normal arteries. Our results support the use
      of Echoflow as a first line of investigation, and in aiding the selection of
      cases requiring further study, although we caution against routine angiography in
      all patients with positive Echoflow scan results.

PMID- 3887110
TI  - Alternative medicine.

PMID- 3887111
TI  - Mussolini and Goebbels.

PMID- 3887112
TI  - Slight case of murder in Macquarie Street.

PMID- 3887113
TI  - The Kanematsu Laboratories.

PMID- 3887114
TI  - Ceftriaxone sodium (Rocephin).

PMID- 3887115
TI  - [Fleas immune to plague studied by a serological method].

PMID- 3887116
TI  - [Effectiveness of various methods of exterminating fleas in natural foci of
      plague (review of the literature)].

PMID- 3887118
TI  - Ultrafiltration hemodynamics in conscious, uremic dogs: effect of a decreasing
      plasma urea level.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of a decreasing plasma urea level during hemodialysis
      were studied in acutely uremic, conscious dogs. Each dog was studied twice,
      during dialytic ultrafiltration against both a urea-free (U-) and a urea
      supplemented (U+) dialysate. Plasma osmolality (-13 mosm/kg/H2O +/- 10 SD, p less
      than 0.01) and urea levels (-43 mg/dl +/- 20, p less than 0.01) decreased when
      using the (U-) dialysate, but were unchanged with the (U+) dialysate. At the end
      point of volume depletion (MAP less than 80 mm Hg) total peripheral resistance
      index [U (+): 3,376 +/- 743 dyn . s X cm-5 X m2, U(-): 3,091 +/- 537, NS)] and
      blood volume [U(+): 62.7 +/- 7.4 ml/kg, U(-): 63.7 +/- 7.5, NS)] were comparable
      whether or not the plasma urea level had been allowed to decrease. The data
      suggest that an acutely decreasing plasma urea level during dialysis does not
      impair hemodynamic response to volume depletion in the model described.

PMID- 3887117
TI  - Acute hypercapnic acidosis diminishes renal water excretion in conscious dogs.
AB  - The effects of acute hypercapnic acidosis (PaCO2 = 52 +/- 2 mm Hg, pH = 7.23 +/-
      0.01) of 40-80 min duration on renal water excretion and circulating vasopressin
      were examined in conscious dogs during stable diuresis in protocols either with
      hypotonic water loading (n = 6) or in the euvolemic state (n = 7). The mean
      arterial pressure increased (p less than 0.05) during acute hypercapnic acidosis
      in euvolemic dogs, but was unchanged in the dogs given a water load. However, the
      free water clearance decreased (p less than 0.05), and urine osmolality increased
      during acute hypercapnic acidosis in both water-loaded and euvolemic dogs despite
      stable renal hemodynamic function and osmolar clearance. Plasma vasopressin
      concentrations increased (p less than 0.05) during hypercapnic acidosis in
      euvolemic but not in water-loaded dogs. The plasma renin activity increased with
      hypercapnic acidosis in both water loaded and euvolemic dogs. These observations
      indicate that acute hypercapnic acidosis results in diminished renal water
      excretion and increased urine osmolality in conscious dogs.

PMID- 3887119
TI  - [Suture materials in periodontal surgery. Current trends and recent
      developments].

PMID- 3887120
TI  - [Determination of the prosthetic space in the edentulous patient].

PMID- 3887121
TI  - [Efficacy of the apical seal of 3 common root canal obturation technics after
      dowel preparation].

PMID- 3887122
TI  - [Reconstruction of a dowel with a metal and amalgam root canal post].

PMID- 3887123
TI  - [Sjogren's syndrome: new aspects of research. Clinico-immunological update. II.
      The lympho-exocrine syndrome].

PMID- 3887124
TI  - Abnormalities of the skull in children.
AB  - This article reviews the abnormalities of the skull that occur in children. The
      disorders are listed in tables to organize a logical complete classification
      useful for differential diagnosis. Normal skull development and anatomy,
      including benign variations, are discussed as a frame of reference so that the
      reader will better understand the various disorders. Representative disorders are
      discussed in detail.

PMID- 3887125
TI  - Current therapy in childhood brain tumors.
AB  - This article reviews the current approach to the treatment of childhood brain
      tumors. Common childhood brain tumors are profiled in separate sections, and the
      conclusion includes a discussion of the long-term clinical effects of radiation
      and chemotherapy.

PMID- 3887126
TI  - Neurologic disorders associated with visual loss in childhood.
AB  - Acquired visual loss in childhood is often a manifestation of more generalized
      neurologic dysfunction. This article includes a discussion of lesions of the
      cornea, lens, retina, anterior visual pathways, optic radiations, and visual
      cortex that are associated with other neurologic abnormalities in children.

PMID- 3887127
TI  - Pathogenesis and management of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in the term
      newborn.
AB  - The pathogenesis and management of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in the term
      infant is reviewed. Specifically, the potential significance of a variety of
      factors on the pathogenesis of brain injury is discussed including changes in
      cerebral blood flow, brain swelling, carbohydrate status, alterations in ion
      homeostasis, and synaptic activity. Management is reviewed in terms of
      prevention, supportive care, corrections of metabolic derangements, control of
      seizures, and prevention of fluid overload.

PMID- 3887128
TI  - Stroke syndromes in childhood.
AB  - Strokes are uncommon in children but devastating when they occur. The basic
      principles needed for understanding these syndromes are the same as those that
      pertain to adults; however, the etiologic factors are quite different. As
      diagnostic techniques improve, fewer diagnoses of childhood stroke remain in the
      category of acute infantile hemiplegia. This trend is most important, because
      specific therapy, when available, of underlying conditions can prevent recurrent
      strokes.

PMID- 3887129
TI  - Migraine in children.
AB  - Migraine is a hereditary disorder afflicting 5 per cent of school-age children.
      Symptoms are protean and may not include headache. Migraine should be suspected
      when transitory neurologic disturbances are present that clear completely. A
      positive family history is the best clue to diagnosis.

PMID- 3887130
TI  - Reye syndrome.
AB  - Reye syndrome has emerged as the quintessential example of an acute metabolic
      encephalopathy. The clinical presentation is quite stereotyped in most instances
      permitting rapid, accurate diagnosis and early therapeutic intervention.
      Intoxications and certain inborn metabolic errors may mimic Reye syndrome. All
      patients with a recurrent episode should be investigated thoroughly for evidence
      of a metabolic disorder associated with an enzyme deficiency. Notable in this
      regard are inborn errors affecting organic acid, ammonia, and carbohydrate
      metabolism. The mitochondrial disturbance in Reye syndrome is well documented but
      the pathophysiologic sequence linking the antecedent viral illness to the
      mitochondrial injury remains obscure. Recent identification of a spontaneous Reye
      like illness in mice that is associated with a coronavirus infection may provide
      an opportunity to investigate this initial phase of the pathophysiologic
      sequence. The primary cerebral insult presumably derives from insufficient
      substrate availability and results in massive cytotoxic cerebral edema. Treatment
      revolves around the continuous infusion of hypertonic glucose and intermittent
      infusion of hypertonic mannitol. Management is designed to attenuate or avoid the
      various compounding metabolic insults during this critical period when the child
      is metabolically crippled. In 1963, the disorder was considered to be rare and
      almost irreversibly fatal. Today, the disorder is recognized to be more common,
      and the outcome is very satisfactory in 85 to 90 per cent of the cases. The role
      of aspirin remains very controversial. A number of studies suggest an association
      between this potential mitochondrial toxin and Reye syndrome, but a causal
      relationship has not been established. Until better understood, it seems
      advisable to avoid use of aspirin in children exhibiting symptoms suggestive of
      Reye syndrome.

PMID- 3887131
TI  - A look into the future for hospitals and physicians.

PMID- 3887132
TI  - Expression and characterization of the human c-myc DNA-binding protein.
AB  - In an effort to study in detail the nature of the protein product of the human
      protooncogene c-myc, we have expressed the gene at high levels in Escherichia
      coli. The c-myc coding region was taken from a full-length cDNA clone and
      inserted into a vector designed to express foreign gene products efficiently in
      E. coli. Pulse-labeling experiments indicated that the rate of expression of c
      myc in this thermoinducible expression system is very efficient. The product was
      relatively stable and accumulated to approximately 10% of total cellular protein.
      A purification protocol was devised which allowed the c-myc protein to be readily
      purified in quantities sufficient for detailed biochemical and physical analyses.
      A high-titer polyclonal antiserum was raised against the pure protein and shown
      to immunoprecipitate the p110gag-myc fusion protein of MC-29-infected quail
      cells. This antiserum also selectively detects a protein with an apparent
      molecular weight of 64,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis analysis from a Burkitt lymphoma cell line. We conclude that this
      64-kilodalton protein is the human c-myc gene product since the E. coli-made
      protein exhibits an equivalent molecular weight on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, even though its calculated molecular weight
      is 49,000. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the bacterially made human c-myc
      protein is a DNA-binding protein and that it exhibits a high nonspecific affinity
      for double-stranded DNA.

PMID- 3887133
TI  - Activation of N-ras in a human melanoma cell line.
AB  - DNA isolated from cell line Mel Swift, a human melanoma cell line, transforms
      NIH3T3 cells. Southern blot analysis of DNA from secondary foci revealed
      conserved 8.8- and 7.8-kilobase EcoRI fragments which hybridized with a human
      repetitive sequence clone, blur 8. The activated transforming gene was identified
      as N-ras, and the 8.8-kilobase EcoRI fragment from a secondary transformant was
      cloned. Synthetic 17-mer oligonucleotides which spanned either the normal codon
      61 (CAA) or a mutant codon 61 (AAA) were used for hybridization. Cloned N-ras
      from melanoma cell line Mel Swift hybridized to the mutant (AAA) oligonucleotide.
      From this we predicted a glutamine-to-lysine substitution in amino acid 61, a
      change confirmed by conventional sequencing of the first and second exons of N
      ras from cell line Mel Swift. Transfection experiments showed that only those
      recombinant clones with the mutation in position 61 were biologically active.

PMID- 3887134
TI  - Expression of the Escherichia coli dam methylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae:
      effect of in vivo adenine methylation on genetic recombination and mutation.
AB  - The Escherichia coli DNA adenine methylase (dam) gene has been introduced into
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae on a yeast-E. coli shuttle vector. Sau3AI, MboI, and
      DpnI restriction enzyme digests and Southern hybridization analysis indicated
      that the dam gene is expressed in yeast cells and methylates GATC sequences.
      Analysis of digests of total genomic DNA indicated that some GATC sites are not
      sensitive to methylation. The failure to methylate may reflect an inaccessibility
      to the methylase due to chromosome structure. The effects of this in vivo
      methylation on the processes of recombination and mutation in mitotic cells were
      determined. A small but definite general increase was found in the frequency of
      mitotic recombination. A similar increase was observed for reversion of some
      auxotrophic markers; other markers demonstrated a small decrease in mutation
      frequency. The effects on mutation appear to be locus (or allele) specific.
      Recombination in meiotic cells was measured and was not detectably altered by the
      presence of 6-methyladenine in GATC sequences.

PMID- 3887135
TI  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibits a sporulation-specific temporal pattern of
      transcript accumulation.
AB  - Cultures of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are heterozygous for the
      mating type (MATa/MAT alpha) undergo synchronous meiosis and spore formation when
      starved for nitrogen and supplied with a nonfermentable carbon source such as
      acetate. Haploid and homozygous MAT alpha/MAT alpha and MATa/MATa diploid cells
      incubated under the same conditions fail to undergo meiosis and are asporogenous.
      It has not yet been firmly established that gene expression during sporulation is
      controlled at the level of transcript accumulation. To examine this question, we
      used cloned genes that encode a variety of "housekeeping" functions to probe
      Northern blots to assay the appearance of specific transcripts in both
      sporulating and asporogenous S. cerevisiae. In sporulating cells, each transcript
      showed a characteristic pattern of accumulation, reaching a maximum relative
      abundance at one of several different periods. In contrast, in both asporogenous
      haploid MATa and diploid MAT alpha/MAT alpha cells, all transcripts accumulated
      with similar kinetics. These results suggest a sporulation-specific pattern for
      transcript appearance. During these studies, high levels of several different
      transcripts were observed at unexpected times in sporulating cells. Histone (H)2A
      and (H)2B1 transcripts, although most abundant during premeiotic DNA synthesis,
      remained at one-third to one-half maximal levels after its end and were found in
      mature ascospores. Their appearance at this time is in sharp contrast to
      vegetative cells in which these histone transcripts are only found just before
      and during the period of DNA synthesis. Furthermore, transcripts from GAL10 and
      CDC10 genes, which are believed to be dispensable for sporulation, were much more
      abundant in sporulating cells than in asporogenous cells and vegetative cells
      grown on glucose or acetate. The presence of these transcripts did not appear to
      be due to a general activation of transcription because each accumulated with
      different kinetics. In addition, the transcript for at least one gene, HO, that
      is also dispensable for sporulation was not detected. The increased abundance of
      transcripts from some genes not required for sporulation leads us to propose that
      genes preferentially expressed during sporulation need not be essential for this
      differentiation.

PMID- 3887136
TI  - Alpha-factor structural gene mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: effects on
      alpha-factor production and mating.
AB  - The role of alpha-factor structural genes MF alpha 1 and MF alpha 2 in alpha
      factor production and mating has been investigated by the construction of mf
      alpha 1 and mf alpha 2 mutations that totally eliminate gene function. An mf
      alpha 1 mutant in which the entire coding region is deleted shows a considerable
      decrease in alpha-factor production and a 75% decrease in mating. Mutations in mf
      alpha 2 have little or no effect on alpha-factor production or mating. The mf
      alpha 1 mf alpha 2 double mutants are completely defective in mating and alpha
      factor production. These results indicate that at least one alpha-factor
      structural gene product is required for mating in MAT alpha cells, that MF alpha
      1 is responsible for the majority of alpha-factor production, and that MF alpha 1
      and MF alpha 2 are the only active alpha-factor genes.

PMID- 3887137
TI  - Isolation of the SUP45 omnipotent suppressor gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and
      characterization of its gene product.
AB  - The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SUP45+ gene has been isolated from a genomic clone
      library by genetic complementation of paromomycin sensitivity, which is a
      property of a mutant strain carrying the sup45-2 allele. This plasmid complements
      all phenotypes associated with the sup45-2 mutation, including nonsense
      suppression, temperature sensitivity, osmotic sensitivity, and paromomycin
      sensitivity. Genetic mapping with a URA3+-marked derivative of the complementing
      plasmid that was integrated into the chromosome by homologous recombination
      demonstrated that the complementing fragment contained the SUP45+ gene and not an
      unlinked suppressor. The SUP45+ gene is present as a single copy in the haploid
      genome and is essential for viability. In vitro translation of the hybrid
      selected SUP45+ transcript yielded a protein of Mr = 54,000, which is larger than
      any known ribosomal protein. RNA blot hybridization analysis showed that the
      steady-state level of the SUP45+ transcript is less than 10% of that for
      ribosomal protein L3 or rp59 transcripts. When yeast cells are subjected to a
      mild heat shock, the synthesis rate of the SUP45+ transcript was transiently
      reduced, approximately in parallel with ribosomal protein transcripts. Our data
      suggest that the SUP45+ gene does not encode a ribosomal protein. We speculate
      that it codes for a translation-related function whose precise nature is not yet
      known.

PMID- 3887138
TI  - Limb-sparing treatment of adult soft-tissue sarcomas and osteosarcomas. National
      Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement.

PMID- 3887139
TI  - Lowering blood cholesterol to prevent heart disease. National Institutes of
      Health Consensus Development Conference Statement.

PMID- 3887140
TI  - Tumor-associated immunity and serum blocking by radioisotopic leukocyte adherence
      inhibition assay.

PMID- 3887141
TI  - Genetic and quantum chemical basis of the mutagenicity of nitroarenes for adenine
      thymine base pairs.
AB  - The mutagenicity of nitroarenes for Salmonella typhimurium strains with adenine
      thymine base pairs at the mutational site is dependent upon enzymic reduction of
      the nitro function. Although the electrophilic metabolites of nitroarenes are
      capable of mutating adenine-thymine base pairs, they show a marked preference for
      guanine-cytosine pairs when given a choice. Quantum chemical calculations
      indicate the reactivity order for nucleophilic sites in an AT run of base pairs
      to be the N-7 of adenine (N7(A)) first, followed by an approximately equal
      reactivity for C-8 of adenine (C8(A)) and O4 of thymine (O4(T)). Given the low
      probability of reaction of electrophilic metabolites of nitroarenes with adenine
      thymine base pairs, the mutagenic potency of nitroarenes for strains with adenine
      thymine base pairs at the mutational site is remarkable.

PMID- 3887142
TI  - Mutation induction in Escherichia coli incubated in the reaction mixture of NADPH
      dependent lipid peroxidation of rat-liver microsomes.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to examine mutation induction in E. coli cells
      incubated in the reaction mixture of NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation of
      microsomes isolated from rat liver. The results obtained were as follows: (1)
      Lipid peroxidation of microsomes occurred extensively on incubation with NADPH
      and Fe2+. In the E. coli WP2uvrA(pKM101) system, the mutation frequency to
      streptomycin resistance increased markedly when the cells were incubated in the
      reaction mixture of microsomal lipid peroxidation. The induced mutation
      frequencies were dependent on the extent of the lipid peroxidation. (2) It was
      also found that the mutations were induced at the same rate as in the case of (1)
      when the cells were added to the microsomal suspensions after the reactions due
      to the short-lived free radicals had terminated. (3) The cytotoxicity of the
      lipid peroxidation products was larger in the DNA repair-defective mutant, E.
      coli SR18 (uvrArecA) than the wild-type strain, SR749. From these results it is
      concluded that some DNA-damaging and mutagenic substances are indeed produced in
      the degradation process of peroxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids in liver
      microsomal lipids.

PMID- 3887143
TI  - 2-Hydroxyemodin, an active metabolite of emodin in the hepatic microsomes of
      rats.
AB  - The hepatic microsomes derived from rats transformed emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6
      methyl-anthraquinone), an anthraquinone present in fungal metabolites and
      constituent of rhubarb, into at least 10 anthraquinoid metabolites. Metabolite d
      proved to be mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA1537 in the absence of
      activation system. MS, NMR, UV and mutagenicity test analysis revealed that
      metabolite d was 2-hydroxyemodin (1,2,3,8-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl-anthraquinone)
      and exhibited mutagenicity in doses of 2-20 micrograms/plate. In addition to this
      active metabolite, TLC analysis revealed the formation of 4-hydroxyemodin
      (metabolite a), 5-hydroxyemodin (metabolite b), 7-hydroxyemodin (metabolite d')
      and others. No mutagenicity of these monohydroxyemodins was demonstrated in the
      absence of activation system.

PMID- 3887144
TI  - Aprotic polar solvents inducing chromosomal malsegregation in yeast interfere
      with the assembly of porcine brain tubulin in vitro.
AB  - A number of aprotic solvents which had previously been found to induce mitotic
      aneuploidy in yeast were tested for their effects on re-assembly of twice
      recycled tubulin from pig brain. Some of the solvents which were strong
      aneuploidy-inducing mutagens in yeast slowed down tubulin assembly in vitro at
      concentrations lower than those required for aneuploidy induction. Ethyl acetate,
      methyl acetate, diethyl ketone and acetonitrile fell into this category. Other
      strong aneuploidy-inducing agents like acetone and 2-methoxyethyl acetate
      accelerated tubulin assembly. Non-genetically active methyl isopropyl ketone and
      isopropyl acetate both accelerated assembly, whereas methyl n-propyl ketone and n
      propyl acetate were weak inducers of aneuploidy and slowed down the rate and
      extent of assembly. Those chemicals which slowed down the assembly rate also
      reduced the extent of assembly. Most chemicals which accelerated assembly also
      led to an increased extent of assembly, with the exception of isopropyl acetate.
      At the higher concentrations, however, a maximum assembly rate was reached which
      was followed by a slow decline. Although a perfect correlation between effects on
      the induction of chromosomal malsegregation and the interference with tubulin
      assembly in vitro was not seen, the experiments with tubulin were carried out
      using this class of chemicals because some of them strongly induced mitotic
      aneuploidy under conditions which suggested tubulin to be the prime target. The
      lack of a perfect coincidence might be due to species differences between the
      porcine brain and the yeast spindle tubulin, or the test for aneuploidy induction
      may have been negative because the concentrations required for an effect on yeast
      tubulin may be greater than the general lethal toxicity limit. Bearing this
      reservation in mind, the results suggest that the yeast aneuploidy test has a
      considerable predictive value for mammalian mutagenicity.

PMID- 3887145
TI  - Acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile and other polar aprotic
      solvents are strong inducers of aneuploidy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - A diploid yeast strain D61.M was used to study induction of mitotic chromosomal
      malsegregation, mitotic recombination and point mutation. Several ketones
      (including acetone and methyl ethyl ketone) and some organic acid esters
      (including the methyl, ethyl and 2-methoxyethyl esters of acetic acid) and
      acetonitrile strongly induced aneuploidy but not recombination or point mutation.
      Only diethyl ketone induced low levels of recombination and point mutation in
      addition to aneuploidy. Related compounds were weak inducers of aneuploidy:
      methyl n-propyl ketone, the methyl esters of propionic and butyric acid, acetic
      acid esters of n- and iso-propanol and ethyl propionate. No mutagenicity was
      found with n-butyl and isoamyl acetate, ethyl formate, acetyl acetone (2,5
      dipentanone) and dioxane. Methyl isopropyl ketone induced only some recombination
      and point mutation but no aneuploidy. Efficient induction was only observed with
      a treatment protocol in which growing cells were exposed to the chemicals during
      a growth period of 4 h at 28 degrees C followed by incubation in ice for more
      than 90 min, usually overnight for 16-17 h. Aneuploid cells could be detected in
      such cultures during a subsequent incubation at growth temperature if the
      chemical was still present. Detailed analysis showed that there was a high
      incidence of multiple events of chromosomal malsegregation. It is proposed that
      the mutagenic agents act directly on tubulin during growth so that labile
      microtubules are formed which dissociate in the cold. When cells are brought back
      to temperatures above the level critical for reassembly of tubulin and allowed to
      grow, faulty microtubules are formed.

PMID- 3887146
TI  - Repair of potentially lethal damage in yeast induced by fast neutrons.
AB  - Survival curves of 3 diploid (D7) yeast strains: one wild-type, one deficient in
      excision of pyrimidine dimers (UV-sensitive) and one blocked in DNA double-strand
      break repair (X-ray-sensitive), were compared after irradiation with cyclotron
      produced fast neutrons. It was observed that both the UV-sensitive (rad3/rad3)
      and the X-ray-sensitive (rad52/rad52) mutants were more sensitive to neutrons
      than the wild-type. The role of DNA double-strand-breaks in neutron-induced cell
      death was further studied by comparing the relative sensitivity of the
      rad52/rad52 mutant to gamma-rays and fast neutrons. A comparison of the dose
      modification factors revealed that the deficiency in DNA double-strand-break
      repair did not make the yeast cells more sensitive to neutrons than to photons,
      which suggests that lesions of a different type may also be produced by neutrons.
      Survival curves obtained upon immediate plating and after delayed plating of
      neutron-irradiated cells showed that all 3 yeast strains were efficient in liquid
      holding recovery. The role of different repair pathways in cellular recovery from
      neutron-induced lethal damage is discussed.

PMID- 3887147
TI  - Mutagenic effect and mutation spectrum induced by 3H decay in the 8th position of
      DNA purine bases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Lethal and mutagenic effects and the mutation spectrum induced by 3H decay in the
      8th position of adenine and guanine in yeast DNA have been studied. For haploid
      cells labelled with [8-3H]deoxyadenosinemonophosphate (8-3H-A) and [8
      3H]deoxyguanosinemonophosphate (8-3H-G), the lethal efficiencies were determined
      as (3.0 +/- 0.8) X 10(-3) decay-1 and (3.8 +/- 0.6) X 10(-3) decay-1,
      respectively, and the mutagenic efficiencies as (5.7 +/- 1.1) X 10(-8) decay-1
      and (8.7 +/- 1.4) X 10(-8) decay-1, respectively. The lethal effect of [8
      3H]purines may be explained as being due to internal beta-irradiation. In
      contrast, the local effect of 3H-transmutation was twice as mutagenic as beta
      irradiation when the induction of forward gene mutations was examined. Within the
      spectrum of mutations induced by 8-3H-G, a preference for GC----AT transitions
      was observed.

PMID- 3887148
TI  - Dietary factors affecting the urinary mutagenicity assay system. I. Detection of
      mutagenic activity in human urine following a fried beef meal.
AB  - Studies have been conducted to determine whether the mutagens in fried beef
      ingested by human subjects are excreted in the urine. Urine samples were
      collected from individuals on liquid or regular diets before and after a fried
      beef meal. The mutagenic activity of the samples was tested in the Ames
      Salmonella/microsome assay system. The results showed that in individuals on
      liquid diets, most of the urinary mutagenic activity is recovered within 2-6 h
      after consuming a fried beef meal. In one individual tested, mutagenic activity
      was found in urine samples obtained 6-15 h after the fried beef meal. No
      mutagenic activity was detected in any of the urine samples obtained 15-24 h
      following the meal. In individuals on a regular diet, however, mutagenic activity
      was frequently observed in urine samples obtained 16-24 h following the fried
      beef meal, although the mutagenic activity was not as great as that in the
      preceding 16 h. It appears that the mutagenic agents generated by the frying of
      beef are ingested, absorbed, and excreted by the human body in biologically
      detectable quantities. These results suggest that subjects should abstain from
      fried beef at least one day prior to and during urine mutagenicity screening.

PMID- 3887149
TI  - The ability of bifunctional and monofunctional pyrrole compounds to induce sister
      chromatid exchange (SCE) in human lymphocytes and mutations in Salmonella
      typhimurium.
AB  - The ability to induce sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) in human lymphocytes and
      mutations in Salmonella typhimurium has been assessed for 4 pyrrole compounds.
      Three of the compounds, 2,3-bishydroxymethyl-1-methylpyrrole (BHMP), 2
      hydroxymethyl-1-methylpyrrole (2HMP) and 3-hydroxymethyl-1-methylpyrrole (3HMP)
      are synthetic pyrrolic alcohols; the fourth compound, dehydroretronecine (DHR) is
      a metabolite of several naturally occurring pyrrolizidine alkaloids. The activity
      of these compounds was compared with that of mitomycin C (MMC) and decarbamoyl
      mitomycin C (DCMMC), chemicals related structurally to the pyrrole compounds. All
      6 compounds caused an increase in the numbers of SCEs. Whereas the bifunctional
      pyrroles, DHR and BHMP, and the mitomycins, MMC and DCMMC, increased levels of
      SCEs by 8-12 times control levels, the monofunctional pyrroles gave increases of
      only 2 times. Three of the 4 pyrrole compounds (DHR, BHMP and 3HMP) induced
      mutations in the Salmonella typhimurium base substitution strain TA92, the fourth
      (2HMP) was not found to be mutagenic in any of the 8 strains used. The mitomycins
      induced mutations in the frameshift strain TA94 in addition to the base
      substitution strain TA92, with DCMMC always more mutagenic and less cytotoxic
      than MMC. All bifunctional compounds induced more mutations and were less
      cytotoxic in strains containing an efficient excision-repair system. With the
      pyrrole compounds numbers of SCEs and mutations were only increased when using
      chemical concentrations significantly higher than those required for the
      mitomycins: more than twice as high to produce significant numbers of SCEs and
      more than 100 times as high to produce equal numbers of mutations.

PMID- 3887150
TI  - Assembly and preliminary analysis of a genotoxicity data base for predicting
      carcinogens.
AB  - With a view to developing methodologies for predicting the carcinogenicity of
      chemicals on the basis of the results of short-term assays and selecting highly
      predictive batteries of short-term tests, a data base was assembled. The present
      is a compilation of data extracted from the reports of Gene-Tox working groups,
      Salmonella mutagenicity data obtained from the U.S. National Toxicology Program
      and the Environmental Mutagen Information Center and results from BHK21
      transformation assays.

PMID- 3887151
TI  - Sexual and asexual reproduction of Aspergillus nidulans in vivo.

PMID- 3887153
TI  - Methods for maintaining stock cultures.

PMID- 3887152
TI  - [Inhibition of extracellular yeast proteinases by pepstatin A and leupeptin in
      the plate test].

PMID- 3887154
TI  - The effect of proteolytic enzymes and protease inhibitors on the interaction
      Trypanosoma cruzi-fibroblasts.
AB  - It has been shown previously that the capability to adhere to and infect
      fibroblastic cells by Trypanosoma cruzi is expressed only partially in
      trypomastigotes recently liberated from infected fibroblasts, but these parasites
      can increase several-fold their adhesion and infectivity by a time-dependent
      extracellular incubation. It is now shown that polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      patterns of 125I-labelled surface proteins of the parasites change during the
      activation process and that protease inhibitors of diverse specificity can block
      both these changes and the development of adhesion and infectivity. Treatment of
      fresh trypomastigotes with different proteases increases immediately adhesion and
      infection. The effect of trypsin has been studied in detail and it was found that
      this protease stimulates adhesion 4- to 6-fold, even in trypomastigotes obtained
      and assayed in the absence of serum. Trypomastigotes incubated for various
      periods and then exposed to trypsin increase their adhesion to values similar to
      those attained by prolonged incubation of trypomastigotes alone, but infection is
      stimulated in fresh trypomastigotes only. Trypomastigotes whose development of
      activation has been inhibited either by protease inhibitors, puromycin, and
      tunicamycin, and are thereafter trypsinized, show respectively, that: adhesion
      and infection are restored immediately to the same high values obtained when
      untreated controls are trypsinized, adhesion is restored, but not infection, and
      infection is not restored. These results suggest that the adhesion step of T.
      cruzi trypomastigotes to fibroblastic cells depends on a membrane protein(s) that
      is (are) already present in an inactive or hidden form in parasites recently
      liberated from infected fibroblasts. Upon extracellular maturation of these
      trypomastigotes this proteins(s) is activated or unmasked, probably through an
      endogenous proteolytic process, whose expression requires protein synthesis. The
      penetration step requires biosynthesis of a tunicamycin-sensitive glycoprotein(s)
      of the parasite and its full expression necessitates serum.

PMID- 3887155
TI  - Gametocytogenesis and ribosomal rRNA gene organisation in the rodent malarias
      Plasmodium chabaudi and Plasmodium berghei.
AB  - A cloned Plasmodium berghei (ANKA) isolate was syringe passaged repeatedly to
      generate a line that was non-infective to Anopheles stephensi. Ribosomal gene
      organisation of this non-infective line was then compared to its infective
      ancestor. DNA was also prepared from asexual parasites and gametocytes of P.
      chabaudi and the arrangement of the rRNA genes of this species was studied.
      Although macrogametocytes have many more ribosomes than microgametocytes, this
      increase does not appear to stem from an amplification of the rRNA genes, as no
      differences either in the quantity or the arrangement of the rDNA could be
      detected. Furthermore, the loss of infectivity of the P. berghei gametocytes does
      not seem to be due to a reduction or rearrangement of sequences coding for the
      rRNA genes. P. chabaudi and P. berghei DNA failed to show any homology to a
      repetitive DNA sequence cloned from P. falciparum. We conclude that this probe,
      PFH8rep20, is specific for P. falciparum.

PMID- 3887156
TI  - Isolation of a Plasmodium falciparum rhoptry protein.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody raised against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
      recognised a protein of 140000 molecular weight which was synthesized during
      schizogony. The protein has been purified by monoclonal antibody affinity
      chromatography from extracts of parasitized red cells. Antibodies against the
      protein have been used to determine its subcellular location. The protein is not
      expressed on the merozoite surface and has been located in the rhoptries, the
      apical organelles of the merozoite.

PMID- 3887157
TI  - Primaquine and lysosomotropic amines inhibit malaria sporozoite entry into human
      liver cells.
AB  - The binding and entry of Plasmodium berghei sporozoites to human hepatoma HepG2
      cells is inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by primaquine, chloroquine and
      other lysosomotropic amines. The site of action of these agents appears to be the
      hepatoma cell itself, not the sporozoite. While this inhibitory effect of
      primaquine is rapidly reversible, the precise mechanism responsible for this
      effect is not presently known.

PMID- 3887158
TI  - Characterization of permeation pathways appearing in the host membrane of
      Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells.
AB  - The host cell membrane of Plasmodium falciparum infected cells becomes
      permeabilized at the trophozoite stage. A variety of otherwise impermeant
      substances such as carbohydrates, polyols, amino acids and anions easily gain
      access to the cytosol of infected cells. Using the isotonic-hemolysis method or
      uptake of labeled substances, we characterized the new permeation pathways as
      pores of approximately 0.7 nm equivalent radius. The pores bear a positively
      charged character which facilitates movement of small anions and excludes
      cations, so that the ionic composition and osmotic properties of infected cells
      are not drastically altered. Substances of a molecular size similar to that of
      disaccharides are fully excluded. Substances of limiting size might be
      accommodated in the pore, provided they bear a side group of hydrophobic
      character. The new permeation pathways may provide a vital route for acquisition
      or release of essential nutrients or catabolites.

PMID- 3887160
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation for genetic diseases.

PMID- 3887159
TI  - Therapeutic effect of propranolol on paradoxical hypertension after repair of
      coarctation of the aorta.
AB  - Patients undergoing repair of coarctation of the aorta often have self-limited
      but severe hypertension in the first week after surgery (paradoxical
      hypertension). We conducted a controlled trial of treatment with propranolol
      before repair of coarctation of the aorta in 14 children to determine whether the
      drug would prevent paradoxical hypertension. Seven patients were randomly
      assigned to receive propranolol for two weeks before surgery and throughout the
      first postoperative week, and seven patients were assigned to receive standard
      postoperative care. Both groups had a similar significant (P less than 0.05)
      increase in the plasma norepinephrine level in response to surgery; however, when
      compared with no treatment, treatment with propranolol reduced not only the rise
      in systolic (P = 0.004) and diastolic (P = 0.003) blood pressure but also the
      postoperative increase in plasma renin activity (P less than 0.01). We conclude
      that prophylactic propranolol can prevent paradoxical hypertension and should
      therefore become a routine part of the operative care of patients with
      coarctation of the aorta.

PMID- 3887161
TI  - Termination of Medi-Cal benefits.

PMID- 3887162
TI  - Intravenous quinidine for the treatment of severe falciparum malaria. Clinical
      and pharmacokinetic studies.
AB  - Quinidine has proved more effective than quinine against chloroquine-resistant
      Plasmodium falciparum both in vitro and in patients with uncomplicated disease.
      To examine the effectiveness and pharmacokinetics of quinidine for this use, we
      treated 14 patients who had severe falciparum malaria with intravenous quinidine
      gluconate; a loading dose of 15 mg of the base per kilogram of body weight was
      followed by 7.5 mg per kilogram every eight hours. Two of the five patients with
      cerebral malaria died, but parasitemia was eliminated in the 12 survivors. Two
      patients had recurrent parasitemia on Days 25 and 28. Times required for parasite
      clearance and elimination of fever (49.4 +/- 17.8 and 69.5 +/- 18.7 hours,
      respectively) were comparable to those in earlier studies with a loading dose of
      quinine. Quinidine appears to have a larger volume of distribution than quinine.
      The elimination half-life was 12.8 hours, the volume of distribution was 1.68
      liters per kilogram, total clearance was 1.75 ml per kilogram per minute, and
      urinary clearance was 0.62 ml per kilogram per minute. Electrocardiographic
      changes were common but there were no dysrhythmias. In two patients, blood
      pressure fell during the initial infusion of quinidine. Quinidine gluconate is
      more widely available than quinine in many countries, and our findings show that
      it is effective in severe falciparum malaria.

PMID- 3887163
TI  - Pathogenesis and management of lipoprotein disorders.

PMID- 3887164
TI  - Post-transplantation reticulum-cell sarcoma reclassified as B-cell lymphoma.

PMID- 3887165
TI  - Reduction in intraventricular hemorrhage by elimination of fluctuating cerebral
      blood-flow velocity in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - In a previous study of preterm infants requiring mechanical ventilation for the
      respiratory distress syndrome, we demonstrated a striking association of
      fluctuating cerebral blood-flow velocity in the first day of life with the
      subsequent occurrence of intraventricular hemorrhage. Because this fluctuating
      pattern could be eliminated by muscle paralysis, we conducted a prospective study
      of preterm infants receiving mechanical ventilation for the respiratory distress
      syndrome in which we evaluated the effect of paralysis and this flow-velocity
      pattern on the incidence and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage. Twenty-four
      infants with the fluctuating pattern in the first hours of life were identified
      and randomly selected to serve as controls (10) or to be subjected to muscle
      paralysis (14). Intraventricular hemorrhage developed in all 10 control infants
      but in only 5 of the 14 infants subjected to muscle paralysis. Moreover, in 4 of
      the 5 paralyzed infants in whom hemorrhage developed, it did so after cessation
      of the paralysis. Seven of the 10 control infants had Grade III hemorrhage, the
      most severe variety of intraventricular hemorrhage, whereas none of the paralyzed
      infants had Grade III hemorrhage. We conclude that elimination of fluctuating
      cerebral blood-flow velocity in preterm infants with respiratory distress
      syndrome markedly reduces the incidence and severity of intraventricular
      hemorrhage.

PMID- 3887166
TI  - Pregnancy and the hyperprolactinemic woman.

PMID- 3887167
TI  - Difficult times ahead for graduate medical education.

PMID- 3887168
TI  - Increased plasma inactive renin in diabetes mellitus. A marker of microvascular
      complications.
AB  - Plasma renin exists in an active form or as an inactive zymogen that resembles a
      prorenin present in homogenates of human kidneys. We examined the relation of
      diabetes and its microvascular complications with the level of plasma inactive
      renin activated by dialysis to pH 3.3. Plasma inactive renin was measured in 235
      diabetic patients and 90 nondiabetic controls. In the controls, the level of
      plasma inactive renin increased slightly with age but was never above 50 ng per
      milliliter per hour. In young diabetic patients studied within three years of the
      onset of diabetes the concentration of inactive renin was normal, and in some
      older diabetics without complications it remained within the age-adjusted normal
      range for many years. However, in patients with retinopathy or albuminuria,
      plasma inactive renin was above the normal range with few exceptions, reaching
      levels 50 to 200 per cent above the upper limits of normal in patients with
      nephropathy. The frequency of neuropathy was also significantly higher among
      patients with levels above the normal range. In 37 per cent of the diabetics
      followed during one to three years of conventional treatment, plasma inactive
      renin increased significantly, but in another group of diabetics under intensive
      treatment, the level rose in only 7 per cent and fell in 43 per cent. We conclude
      that there is a close association between a high level of plasma inactive renin
      and the presence of microvascular complications, and that the level of inactive
      renin can be modified by intensive treatment of diabetes.

PMID- 3887169
TI  - Complications of permanent transvenous pacing.

PMID- 3887171
TI  - Paleolithic nutrition.

PMID- 3887170
TI  - Peripartum cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3887172
TI  - Treatment of pathologic laughing and weeping with amitriptyline.
AB  - Patients with bilateral forebrain disease may commonly manifest the syndrome of
      pathologic laughing and weeping. We investigated the efficacy of low-dose
      amitriptyline in 12 patients in whom this syndrome was a consequence of multiple
      sclerosis. In a double-blind crossover study comparing amitriptyline with
      placebo, eight patients experienced dramatic and significant improvement with
      amitriptyline (P = 0.02). The mean dose of amitriptyline was 57.8 mg per day and
      did not exceed 75 mg per day in any patient. Concurrent measurements of
      depression showed no change during the study. We conclude that amitriptyline is
      effective in the treatment of this disturbance of affective expression, and that
      this effect is distinct from the antidepressant effect of the medication.

PMID- 3887173
TI  - Immune responses elicited by vaccinations with Candida albicans ribosomes in
      cyclophosphamide treated animals.
AB  - This study describes humoral and cell mediated immune (CMI) responses detected in
      cyclophosphamide (CY) treated animals who were vaccinated with Candida albicans
      ribosomes and were protected against systemic candidiasis (previous study). Mice
      treated with CY and vaccinated with C. albicans ribosomes revealed CMI responses
      towards the ribosomes as measured in vivo by the foot pad swelling test and in
      vitro by the lymphocyte transformation assay. Both reactions were higher in CY
      treated and ribosome vaccinated mice than in controls (mice that were only
      vaccinated). Humoral immune responses were measured by the enzyme linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti ribosomal antibody titer contrary to the CMI
      responses was lower in CY treated animals than in non treated controls. These
      data point to a possible explanation of the mechanisms underlying the ribosomal
      vaccinations in CY treated hosts, and show the potential of such vaccinations in
      compromised individuals.

PMID- 3887175
TI  - Effects of irradiation on grafted skin--vascular changes after irradiation.

PMID- 3887174
TI  - Chemotherapy of Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis: an experimental study.
AB  - An experimental Keratitis study of Aspergillus fumigatus was performed in 130
      rabbits divided into 12 groups of ten animals each. Three antifungal drugs
      (myconazole, amphotericin B and pimaricin) were tested using two procedures
      (topical drops and subconjunctival injections) and two different concentrations
      (500 and 10 000 times the MIC). In each case, the drugs were applied every 3 h
      starting 14 h after inoculation. Miconazole was useful at 10 mg/ml concentration
      by topical drops and subconjunctival injections, but was less useful at 5 mg/ml.
      Amphotericin B was useful at 5 mg/ml concentration by topical drops and less
      useful at 2 mg/ml. No differences were found between the two concentrations by
      subconjunctival administration. Pimaricin was useful by topical drops at 50 mg/ml
      concentration and less useful at 10 mg/ml as well as by subconjunctival
      injections.

PMID- 3887176
TI  - Effects of acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (Bay G 5421), on orally
      loaded glucose, maltose and sucrose and on blood glucose control in non-insulin
      dependent diabetics.

PMID- 3887177
TI  - Quantitation of red-cell-bound IgG in normal and pathologic states by an enzyme
      immunoassay (EIA) technique.

PMID- 3887178
TI  - Canine pancreatic allotransplantation with duodenum (pancreaticoduodenal
      transplantation) using cyclosporin A.

PMID- 3887179
TI  - [Comparative studies on the enzymatic absorption of protein hydrolysates in the
      small intestines of the rat. 3. The absorption of trypsin, thermitatic and
      trypsin thermitatic wheat gluten hydrolysates in comparison with equimolar
      mixtures of free amino acids].
AB  - Tryptic, thermitatic, and tryptic-thermitatic wheat-gluten hydrolyzates as well
      as their equimolar amino-acid mixture were perfused through proximal and distal
      parts of the intestine (10 cm length) of non-narcotized rats. The total amino
      acid concentration of the perfused solution was 50 mM. The tryptic hydrolyzate
      showed a significantly lower absorption of nitrogen and total amino acids than
      the amino-acid mixture. Both the supplied forms were very different as to their
      absorption pattern of the amino acids. The high variability of the percental
      absorption of the individual amino acids of the tryptic hydrolyzate results in a
      high coefficient of variation. The absorption of nitrogen and total amino acids
      from thermitatic and tryptic-thermitatic hydrolyzates is equal to that from the
      amino-acid mixture. In a peptidic form glutamic acid is more rapidly absorbed
      from the two hydrolyzates, and methionine from the tryptic-thermitatic
      hydrolyzate in both the intestinal parts. As to alanine and glycine this concerns
      only the distal intestinal part for both the hydrolyzates. There are no
      differences between the absorption patterns of the two hydrolyzates but in
      comparison with the amino-acid mixture and the tryptic hydrolyzate differences
      were evident. The coefficients of variation of both the hydrolyzates are
      significantly lower as compared to those of the tryptic hydrolyzate and the amino
      acid mixture. All forms of supply are more rapidly absorbed in the distal than in
      the proximal part of the intestine.

PMID- 3887180
TI  - [Comparative studies on the enzymatic absorption of protein hydrolysates in the
      small intestine of the rat. 3. The absorption trypsins thermatatic and trypsin
      thermatatic hydrolysates of a fava bean protein isolate compared to an equimolar
      mixture of free amino acids].
AB  - Tryptic, thermitatic, and tryptic-thermitatic Faba bean protein hydrolyzates as
      well as their equimolar mixture of amino acids were perfused through proximal and
      distal parts of the intestine (10 cm length) of non-narcotized rats. The total
      amino-acid concentration of the perfused solution was 50 mM. The absorption of
      nitrogen and total amino acids from the tryptic and tryptic-thermitatic
      hydrolyzates was lower than that from the amino-acid mixture, the absorption from
      the thermitatic hydrolyzate was in accordance with that from the amino-acid
      mixture. The absorption pattern of the amino acids which preferably undergo a
      peptidic absorption is similar with the three hydrolyzates: in the proximal
      intestinal part this concerns glutamic acid and serine, in the distal intestinal
      part--methionine, alanine, glycin, and serine. The absorption pattern of the
      amino acids is different between the three hydrolyzates and the amino-acid
      mixture. Between the absorption pattern of the amino acids from the three
      hydrolyzates little differences were evident only in the proximal intestinal
      part. The coefficients of variation of the tryptic-thermitatic hydrolyzates are
      in accordance with those of the amino-acid mixture, whereas that of the
      thermitatic hydrolyzates is significantly lower. In the distal intestinal part
      all supplied forms are more rapidly absorbed than in the proximal part of the
      intestine.

PMID- 3887181
TI  - [Comparative study of the absorption of enzymatic protein hydrolysates in the
      small intestine of the rat. 2. The absorption of tryptic, thermitatic and tryptic
      thermitatic casein hydrolysates compared with the equimolar composition of free
      amino acids].
AB  - Tryptic, thermitatic, and tryptic-thermitatic casein hydrolyzates as well as
      their equimolar amino-acid mixture were perfused through proximal and distal
      parts of the intestine (10 cm length) of nonanaesthesized rats. The total amino
      acid concentration of the perfused solution was 50 mM. The absorption of nitrogen
      and total amino acids respectively did not reveal significant absorption
      advantages in favour of the hydrolyzates. In contrast to this, some peptidic
      bound amino acids of these hydrolyzates show a significantly better absorption as
      compared to free amino acids. At this, dependences of the kind of hydrolyzate and
      the part of the intestine are evident. Glutamic acid, e.g. is generally more
      rapidly absorbed when peptidic bound; methionine is more rapidly absorbed only
      from the thermitatic and tryptic-thermitatic hydrolyzates, and alanine and glycin
      only in the distal part of the intestine. Independent of the amino acid or
      peptide substrate the total absorption of all the amino acids is higher in the
      distal part of the intestine. The comparison concerning the ranking order of the
      single amino-acid absorption rates shows in the two parts of the intestine
      distinct differences between the amino-acid mixtures and the enzymatic
      hydrolyzates. The lowest differences were found between the thermitatic and the
      tryptic-thermitatic hydrolyzate. Both of them have approximately the same degrees
      of hydrolysis (30 and 35%, respectively). The variability of the amino-acid
      absorption from the three casein hydrolyzates is lower in comparison with the
      amino-acid mixture. The tryptic-thermitatic hydrolyzates have the lowest
      coefficients of variability.

PMID- 3887182
TI  - Sequence homology of the LFA-1 and Mac-1 leukocyte adhesion glycoproteins and
      unexpected relation to leukocyte interferon.
AB  - Cell-surface adherence reactions are fundamental to the biology of lymphocytes,
      monocytes and granulocytes. The lymphocyte function-associated 1 (LFA-1) and
      macrophage 1 (Mac-1) glycoproteins mediate differing types of adhesion reactions
      on these cells. LFA-1 participates in T-lymphocyte and natural killer-cell
      adhesion to target cells, whereas the Mac-1 antigen is identical to the
      complement receptor type 3, which mediates adhesion of monocytes and granulocytes
      to C3bi-sensitized particles. Deficiency of these proteins, in a heritable
      disease, results in multiple adhesion-related leukocyte defects. LFA-1 and Mac-1
      resemble one another in overall structure, having alpha-subunits of relative
      molecular mass (Mr) 180,000 and 170,000, respectively, which are non-covalently
      associated with beta-subunits of Mr 95,000 in alpha 1 beta 1 complexes. Peptide
      mapping and immunological cross-reactivity have shown that the beta-subunits are
      highly related if not identical, but have revealed no similarities between the
      alpha-subunits. Nonetheless, the shared beta-subunit suggested that LFA-1 and Mac
      1 might be members of a protein family containing diversified but evolutionarily
      related alpha-subunits. Therefore, we examine here the structure of the alpha
      subunits by N-terminal amino-acid sequencing. Sequence homology shows that the
      alpha-subunits are members of a novel leukocyte adhesion protein family, and
      suggests that their evolution occurred by gene duplication. A search for
      similarities to previously sequenced proteins reveals a further unexpected
      homology between LFA-1 and leukocyte (alpha) interferons.

PMID- 3887183
TI  - Induction of c-fos during myelomonocytic differentiation and macrophage
      proliferation.
AB  - Previous studies have suggested a role for c-fos in cellular differentiation in
      fetal membranes, haematopoietic cells and teratocarcinoma stem cells. In other
      cell types, such as fibroblasts, c-fos expression is normally very low, but is
      rapidly induced by peptide growth factors, implicating c-fos in growth control
      mechanisms. Here, we show that the TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate)
      induced macrophage-like differentiation of HL60 human promyelocytic precursor
      cells is accompanied by the induction of both c-fos mRNA and protein within 15
      min after treatment, suggesting a functional role for c-fos in this
      differentiation system. In quiescent terminally differentiated macrophages,
      expression of c-fos is inducible by the macrophage-specific growth factor colony
      stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1). The kinetics of c-fos induction, however, are
      entirely different from those in growth factor-stimulated fibroblasts, supporting
      the view that the c-fos gene product may serve different functions in different
      cell types.

PMID- 3887184
TI  - Identification and comparison of two sequence elements that confer cell-type
      specific transcription in yeast.
AB  - The MAT alpha 2 protein of budding yeast represses a set of genes; if the MATa1
      protein is also present, a further set of genes is repressed. DNA sequence
      comparisons reveal a 20-base pair 'operator' sequence that is present in genes
      repressed by a1/alpha 2. A related, but distinct, sequence is found in genes
      repressed by alpha 2 alone.

PMID- 3887185
TI  - A mechanism for prion replication.

PMID- 3887186
TI  - Isotope assessment of Holocene human diets in the southwestern Cape, South
      Africa.
AB  - Models of seasonal mobility to exploit seasonally abundant food sources have been
      proposed for prehistoric hunter-gatherers in many parts of the world. Some such
      hypotheses involve fundamental and insufficiently tested assumptions about the
      nature of both hunter-gatherer societies and the archaeological evidence that
      they leave. The present study is an independent test of such a hypothesis
      proposed for the southwestern Cape of South Africa. In this strongly ecologically
      differentiated area there are four distinct ecological zones that would have
      offered four different sets of resources to prehistoric people. Obvious modern
      seasonal fluctuations in these resources, plus a considerable amount of
      archaeological evidence, led to the suggestion that prehistoric hunter-gatherers
      moved in a regular seasonal cycle across the zones; this would have allowed them
      to make maximum use of temporarily plentiful plant and animal foods in some
      areas, while avoiding lean periods in others. However, as reported here, direct
      measurements of food intake, as reflected in the stable carbon isotope ratios of
      archaeological human skeletons, reveal that this was not the case. The
      implications of this study extend beyond the relevance to local archaeology to
      more general questioning of the ways in which archaeological data should be used
      to generate hypotheses.

PMID- 3887187
TI  - [Immunobiology of kidney transplants].

PMID- 3887188
TI  - [The tying of sutures: on knots, knotting technics and knot characteristics].

PMID- 3887189
TI  - [A severe skin or soft tissue defect is not always gas gangrene].

PMID- 3887190
TI  - [Successful bone marrow transplantation in a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma of
      high-grade malignancy with invasion of the central nervous system].

PMID- 3887191
TI  - [Withering and diuresis with digitalis; the pioneer of rational medicine].

PMID- 3887192
TI  - Neonatal group B streptococcal septicemia.

PMID- 3887193
TI  - [Unrecognized forerunners of neuropsychology].

PMID- 3887194
TI  - [Change in the concept of psychopathic disorders at the inception of scientific
      psychiatry in Germany].

PMID- 3887195
TI  - [Experimental studies on the behavior of intracranial pressure under prostacyclin
      application].
AB  - In recent experimental studies the beneficial therapeutic effect of the
      arachidonic acid metabolite prostacyclin (PG 12) has been demonstrated for the
      treatment of different states of impaired brain perfusion following subarachnoid
      hemorrhage or focal cerebral ischemia. Prostacyclin has been recommended
      especially for the possible prevention and treatment of cerebral vasospasm after
      aneurysm rupture. Because prostacyclin is a potent vasodilator of the cerebral
      circulation it is an essential prerequisite for a possible therapeutic use of PG
      12 that no negative side effects concerning the intracranial pressure are allowed
      to occur during intravenous infusion of the drug. In our study we therefore
      investigated the course of intracranial pressure during continuous experimental
      perfusion with prostacyclin in four different dosages. The results and our
      conclusions concerning further experimental or clinical studies with prostacyclin
      are presented.

PMID- 3887196
TI  - [Chymopapain allergy. Diagnostic value of a skin test before and after
      chemonucleolysis].
AB  - Chemonucleolysis with Chymopapain (Chymodiactin, Disease) bears the risk of
      unpredictable anaphylactic reactions. The rate of anaphylaxis is reported to be
      between 0.35 and 1.5%. Serological in vitro tests such as RAST (Radio Allergo
      Sorbent Test) or ChymoFAST (Fluorescent Allergo Sorbent Test) are used to
      determine increased specific IgE antibody titres against chymopapain in patients
      submitted to chemonucleolysis for lumbar disc disease. Alternatively skin prick
      tests have also been applied in clinical trials. A skin prick test including
      Discase, Chymodiactin and Solutrast 250 M, which is a radiopaque dye used for
      discography, has been performed in a total of 208 patients. One-hundred and
      seventy-seven patients were tested before, 31 patients were tested after
      chemonucleolysis with chymopapain. From the group tested before chemonucleolysis,
      2.3-3.5% had positive skin testes. After chemonucleolysis, the overall allergy
      rate to chymopapain increased to 41.9%. Positive skin reactions seem to be time
      dependent: Between the 3rd and 12th week after chemonucleolysis more than 70% of
      the patients had positive skin tests. There was no correlation between a history
      of previous allergy and the skin test result. Patients with positive skin tests
      should be excluded from chemonucleolysis. This procedure increases the safety for
      patients submitted to chemonucleolysis. No anaphylactic reaction has been
      observed hitherto in nearly 350 patients who were treated with the intradiscal
      injection of chymopapain following a negative skin prick test.

PMID- 3887197
TI  - [A new apparatus and stereotactic method for percutaneous high cervical
      cordotomy].
AB  - The authors devised a stereotactic apparatus for percutaneous cordotomy based on
      the experience of 191 percutaneous high cervical cordotomies on 150 patients
      suffering from intractable pain. This apparatus has two major components. One is
      a head and neck holder and the other is a guide and marker system. The head and
      neck holder contains fixed neck holder and head holder which can be movable in
      vertical direction. Using these holders, the operator can keep the patient's neck
      in neutral position. The marker system contains two markers of origin and a 10mm
      scale which indicates center line as well. The guide system, stereotactically
      designed, is movable in three direction and acrylic guide groove is attached. The
      guide needle for percutaneous cordotomy is inserted along the guide groove. The
      guide and marker system can be attached in both sides of the head and neck
      holder, therefore, the operator can insert the needle in both sides of the
      patient. This apparatus makes it possible to locate the target stereotactically
      for percutaneous cordotomy, since location of the inserted needle can be
      determined with the aid of cervical X-ray, even if there is no image intensifier
      of TV display screen available. Therefore it can be possible to reduce the X-ray
      exposure of the patient.

PMID- 3887198
TI  - Effects of progesterone on hypothalamic and plasma LHRH.
AB  - The hypothalamic action of progesterone on the regulation of LH secretion was
      investigated in a rat model ideally suited for the study of progesterone effects
      under conditions in which the animal is sensitive to progesterone but does not
      have an estrogen-induced gonadotropin surge. Immature female rats were
      ovariectomized at 26 days of age and treated for 4 days with a subphysiological
      dose of 0.1 microgram/kg/day estradiol followed by the injection of either 0.8 or
      3.2 mg/kg progesterone at 9.30 a.m. on day 5. Serum LH levels were significantly
      depressed below control and pretreatment values 30 min after either dose of
      progesterone. At this time, 0.8 mg/kg progesterone administration resulted in a
      significant increase in MBH-LHRH and plasma LHRH levels. In contrast, the
      administration of the 3.2 mg/kg dose of progesterone did not result in an
      increase in MBH-LHRH levels. By 2 p.m., rats receiving 0.8 mg/kg progesterone,
      but not those receiving 3.2 mg/kg progesterone, showed a significant increase in
      serum LH concentration and this elevation was maintained at 4 p.m. The increase
      in serum LH levels was preceded by a rise in MBH-LHRH levels by 1 p.m., followed
      by a fall at 2 p.m. The LH rise was maintained during the rise and replenishment
      of the MBH-LHRH by 3 p.m. Between 2 and 3 p.m. the replenishment of MBH-LHRH
      levels was accompanied by a fall in POA-LHRH levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3887199
TI  - Neurotoxic lesions of the anterior hypothalamus disrupt the photoperiodic but not
      the circadian system of the Syrian hamster.
AB  - This paper presents evidence which demonstrates that a site within the anterior
      hypothalamus of the Syrian hamster is essential for the expression of a
      photoperiodic response but not for the expression of oestrous or circadian
      activity rhythms. Selective lesions of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus (AHN)
      were produced by localized infusions of n-methyl aspartic acid (NMA).
      Histological analysis revealed that the suprachiasmatic and paraventricular
      nuclei were resistant to the toxin. Circadian locomotor activity rhythms and
      oestrous cyclicity were unaffected by these lesions but the photoperiodic
      response of the gonads to short day length (8L:16D) was completely prevented. In
      marked contrast to control animals, lesioned animals maintained large testes or
      ovulatory ovaries, even after 10 weeks of exposure to the inhibitory photoperiod.
      These data suggest that neurones within the AHN form an essential component of
      the photoperiod time-measuring apparatus which is independent of that controlling
      circadian rhythmicity.

PMID- 3887200
TI  - Selective potentiating effect of beta-p-chlorophenylglutamate on responses
      induced by certain sulphur-containing excitatory amino acids and quisqualate.
AB  - In dorsal horn neurones of the cat spinal cord iontophoretically administered (+/
      )-beta-p-chlorophenylglutamate (chlorpheg) markedly enhanced the excitatory
      responses induced by L-homocysteate, L-homocysteine sulphinate, S-sulpho L
      cysteine, L-cysteate and quisqualate, while responses to NMDA, kainate, L
      glutamate, L-aspartate and L-cysteine sulphinate were generally unaffected.
      Preliminary data obtained on frog spinal cord in vitro supports the possibility
      that such selective potentiation may be due to differential inhibition by
      chlorpheg of amino acid uptake. No potentiating effects of chlorpheg were
      observed on spinal synaptic excitation.

PMID- 3887201
TI  - Intraoperative ultrasound for spinal lesions.
AB  - A variety of spinal pathological processes demonstrated by intraoperative
      ultrasound is presented. Use of spinal ultrasound proved helpful in viewing
      alignment, assessing spinal cord pathology, and viewing anterior to the cord in
      cases of spinal trauma. As an operative adjunct, ultrasound was especially
      helpful for viewing extradural spinal metastases and cavitary lesions of the
      spinal cord, such as syrinxes, cystic tumors, and hematomas. In cases of
      spondylotic myelopathy, intraoperative ultrasound allowed assessment of the
      adequacy of the decompression, the space ventral to the cord, and the size and
      configuration of the spinal cord.

PMID- 3887203
TI  - Intrasacral meningeal cyst demonstrated by sacral epidurography.
AB  - A case of intrasacral meningeal cyst is reported in which radiculography and
      computed tomography were not conclusive in diagnosing the lesion. Sacral
      epidurography delineated the cyst very clearly and is proposed as a complementary
      imaging technique in lesions of the sacral canal.

PMID- 3887202
TI  - Surgical management of intracerebral hematomas.
AB  - Traditional and recent developments in the management of spontaneous intracranial
      hematomas are reviewed. A comprehensive account of the epidemiological
      characteristics worldwide with an etiological analysis including prevention and
      prophylaxis introduce the size and clinical significance of this neurological
      problem. The usefulness and limitations of the available diagnostic methods are
      described. Most of the emphasis, however, is placed on the management and
      medicosurgical treatment of intracranial hematomas in correlation with their
      clinical presentation and localization.

PMID- 3887204
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the evaluation of brain death. A
      comparison of conventional cerebral angiography with intravenous and
      intraarterial DSA.
AB  - Demonstration that intracranial circulation has ceased is the ultimate proof of
      brain death. This study was performed to evaluate digital subtraction angiography
      (DSA) compared with conventional cerebral angiography in the diagnosis of brain
      death. Intravenous as well as intraarterial DSA was found suitable in the
      diagnosis of arrested intracranial circulation.

PMID- 3887205
TI  - Symptomatic spinal cord deformity secondary to a redundant intramedullary shunt
      catheter. Clinical and radiographic features.
AB  - Right arm pain, motor and sensory loss in the right arm and right facial numbness
      recurred in a 27 year old quadraplegic shortly after a posttraumatic spinal cord
      cyst (PTSCC) was shunted via a catheter into the adjacent subarachnoid space.
      Although shunt malfunction was clinically suspected, metrizamide computed
      tomography (MCT) suggested that redundancy of the catheter had caused deformity
      of the spinal cord. This hypothesis was confirmed at surgery when intraoperative
      spinal sonography (IOSS) showed that the spinal cord deformity at C1-C2
      disappeared when the catheter was withdrawn. This case shows that new or
      recurrent spinal cord symptoms may be due to a mechanical deformity of the cord
      rather than shunt malfunction, that restricting the length of the shunt catheter
      which is used to decompress PTSCCs is important, and that IOSS is an
      indispensable tool for visualizing the changes in spinal cord morphology during
      shunting procedures.

PMID- 3887206
TI  - Cholecystokinin innervation of the ventral striatum: a morphological and
      radioimmunological study.
AB  - Immunocytochemistry, radioimmunological assay after surgical cuts, anterograde
      degeneration and retrograde tracing of fluorescent dyes were used in order to
      elucidate the cholecystokinin-containing afferents to the ventral striatum
      (nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle and ventral part of the caudate-putamen).
      In agreement with the report by Hokfelt et al., midbrain cholecystokinin
      containing cells supply the posteromedial parts of the nucleus accumbens and
      olfactory tubercle, as well as the subcommissural part of caudate-putamen.
      Brainstem cholecystokinin afferents also reach more rostral parts of the ventral
      striatum including the rostrolateral olfactory tubercle. The ascending
      cholecystokinin axons enter the medial forebrain bundle at the meso-diencephalic
      border and maintain a rough medial to lateral topography at the caudal
      diencephalon. A second major cholecystokinin pathway, with possible origin in the
      piriform and medial prefrontal cortices and/or the amygdala, projects to the
      subcommissural caudate-putamen, the olfactory tubercle, the lateral part of the
      nucleus accumbens and the dorsal part of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis.
      Finally, the rostral part of the dorsal caudate-putamen receives a substantial
      cholecystokinin innervation from the basolateral amygdala and possibly from the
      neocortex. According to radioimmunological data, the descending telencephalic
      cholecystokinin system accounts for about 60% of all cholecystokinin in the
      rostral forebrain. The combined use of morphological and biochemical methods
      provided evidence for a partially overlapping distribution and possible
      interaction between an ascending brainstem and descending telencephalic
      cholecystokinin fiber systems within the striatum and related rostral forebrain
      areas.

PMID- 3887207
TI  - Localization of chick retinal 24,000 dalton protein (visinin)-like
      immunoreactivity in the rat lower brain stem.
AB  - The distribution of visinin, a 24,000 dalton peptide, in the lower brain stem of
      the rat was examined by means of an indirect immunofluorescent method. Visinin
      immunoreactive structures were found to be unevenly distributed only in the
      neuronal elements. The following neuronal systems were strongly labeled by the
      antiserum; the Purkinje cell system, mammillotegmental system,
      habenulointerpeduncular system, the second layer of the superior colliculus,
      ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra pars lateralis, area medial to the
      medial geniculate body, parabrachial area, dorsal and ventral nuclei of the
      lateral lemniscus, pontine reticular formation just medial to the trigeminal
      principal nucleus, superior olivary nucleus, solitarii nucleus, external layer of
      the inferior colliculus and spinal trigeminal nucleus. The densities of the
      labeled fibers in these areas paralleled those of the labeled cells. In addition,
      highly dense visinin-immunoreactive fiber plexuses were seen in the zona compacta
      of the substantia nigra, lateral portion of the interpeduncular nucleus, ventral
      tegmental nucleus of Gudden and vestibular nucleus.

PMID- 3887208
TI  - Distribution, ontogeny and projections of cholecystokinin-8, vasoactive
      intestinal polypeptide and gamma-aminobutyrate-containing neuron systems in the
      rat spinal cord: an immunohistochemical analysis.
AB  - The distribution, ontogeny and fiber projections of cholecystokinin-8, vasoactive
      intestinal polypeptide and gamma-aminobutyrate-containing neuronal systems in the
      rat spinal cord were investigated by means of immunocytochemistry. Immunoreactive
      fibers to cholecystokinin-8, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and glutamate
      decarboxylase (gamma-aminobutyrate-synthesizing enzyme, used as a marker of gamma
      aminobutyrate) were widely distributed in the spinal cord, being particularly
      concentrated in the superficial dorsal horn, suggesting a close relationship to
      the pain transmission system. Cholecystokinin-8-containing neurons were mostly
      distributed in the dorsal laminae and glutamate decarboxylase-containing neurons
      were distributed in both the dorsal and ventral horns. Vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide-containing neurons were detected in the lateral spinal nucleus and
      the lamina X. Cholecystokinin-8 and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
      immunoreactive structures first appeared on gestational day 17-18. Although no
      substantial change in immunoreactive structures was observed during the fetal
      period, they increased markedly after birth. On the other hand, glutamate
      decarboxylase-positive structures appeared at gestational day 16 and those in the
      grey matter reached a maximum content at birth; both groups were present in adult
      animals. Transection of the upper cervical cord resulted in accumulations of
      cholecystokinin-8 and glutamate decarboxylase rostral to the lesion, revealing
      the presence of supraspinal projections of cholecystokinin-8 and glutamate
      decarboxylase to the spinal cord. The same experimental procedure demonstrated
      the existence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-mediating neuronal projections
      to the supraspinal level, as the accumulating fibers occurred in the area caudal
      to the lesion.

PMID- 3887209
TI  - Presence of microtubule-associated protein 2 in chromaffin cells.
AB  - We have examined bovine adrenal chromaffin cells in culture for the presence of
      the microtubule-associated protein 2. Chromaffin cells could be identified in
      culture on the basis of their staining with antibodies directed against secretory
      granule proteins. Using immunoperoxidase staining microtubule-associated protein
      2 immunoreactivity was demonstrated to be present in chromaffin cells but not
      fibroblasts in culture. Microtubule-associated protein 2 immunoreactivity was
      present in the cell body, processes and varicosities of the chromaffin cells.
      Microtubule-associated protein 2 polypeptides were shown to be present in an
      adrenal medullary homogenate but not chromaffin granule membranes by
      immunoblotting. The results indicate that the neuronal cytoskeletal polypeptide
      microtubule-associated protein 2 is present in adrenal chromaffin cells. The
      presence of microtubule-associated protein 2 in both neurons and chromaffin cells
      may be related to their common embryonic origin.

PMID- 3887211
TI  - In memoriam Norman Geschwind 1926-1984: an appreciation.

PMID- 3887210
TI  - Does platelet antiaggregant therapy lessen the severity of stroke?
AB  - Data from the Aspirin in Transient Ischemic Attack (AITIA) study, an ongoing
      study of two platelet antiaggregant drugs, and other published therapeutic trials
      were reviewed to determine whether the severity of stroke is reduced in patients
      taking platelet antiaggregants. Data from three of four studies suggest that
      strokes in treated patients are less severe than those in untreated patients.
      Further studies evaluating platelet antiaggregant therapy should include
      assessment of the severity as well as the incidence of stroke.

PMID- 3887212
TI  - Evaluation of cervical stimulation for chronic treatment of spasticity.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord (SCS) to reduce spasticity was
      evaluated in seven patients who, along with their physicians, perceived
      significant and prompt benefit from stimulation. In two 24-hour test periods, on
      or off stimulation, we used two independent methods of evaluation: quantitative
      measures of joint compliance and stretch reflexes, and a standardized neurologic
      examination. Neither method did better than chance in determining whether SCS was
      actually being received. Problems with the experimental protocol are discussed,
      but the results cannot be interpreted as supporting the efficacy of SCS as a
      treatment for spasticity.

PMID- 3887214
TI  - Clinical significance of asymptomatic neck bruits.
AB  - The value of neck bruits as indicators of underlying carotid artery disease was
      assessed by correlating the results of carotid Doppler examination with
      auscultation in 336 patients with asymptomatic bruits. Also, the separate
      findings of auscultation by two physicians were compared for agreement in the
      quality and location of the bruits. Levels of agreement between the physicians in
      the clinical examination were acceptable for the presence and site of the neck
      bruits, but were unacceptable for the intensity, pitch, and duration. Unilateral
      bruits in the upper neck indicated underlying internal carotid artery (ICA)
      stenosis detectable by carotid Doppler (greater than 35% stenosis) in 61%,
      whereas only 11% of patients with bruits localized to the supraclavicular area
      had ICA stenosis. "Silent" contralateral ICA stenosis was detected by Doppler in
      28% of patients with unilateral cervical bruits. Bilateral cervical bruits were
      the most powerful predictors (76%) of underlying ICA stenosis detectable by
      Doppler. Neck bruits are valuable indicators of underlying carotid artery
      disease, but Doppler ultrasound examination adds significantly to clinical
      accuracy.

PMID- 3887213
TI  - Long-term experience with pergolide therapy of advanced parkinsonism.
AB  - Nine patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease were treated with pergolide to
      a daily maintenance dose of 2.2 +/- 0.9 mg (mean +/- SD) for 17.3 +/- 8.3 months.
      After 1 month, there was an average 68% increase in mobile on-time, but the
      improvement declined to 30% by 6 months, 23% by 1 year, and virtually disappeared
      by 18 months of therapy. Pergolide was discontinued in seven patients because of
      loss of efficacy (4 patients), confusion (1 patient), or myocardial infarction or
      ventricular ectopy (2 patients). Partial but temporary restoration of mobility
      was observed in seven patients who were switched to an alternate-day dosing
      schedule after 9.2 +/- 2.4 months. Two patients with advanced Shy-Drager syndrome
      were treated with pergolide without benefit.

PMID- 3887215
TI  - Lisuride in dystonia.
AB  - Lisuride hydrogen maleate, 0.4 to 5 (mean, 3) mg/d, was given orally to 42
      subjects with various types of dystonia. In seven of the eight patients who
      improved (one with segmental dystonia, one with myoclonic dystonia, two with
      spasmodic torticollis, two with cranial dystonia, and two with tardive dystonia),
      the response was confirmed by double-blind placebo substitution. No patients with
      a suspected structural brain lesion improved. There was no consistent pattern of
      response among those patients with different forms of idiopathic (primary)
      dystonia. Lisuride improved some patients, but had no effect on other, apparently
      identical, patients.

PMID- 3887216
TI  - [Changes in the surgical directions in the treatment of gastric and duodenal
      ulcers].

PMID- 3887217
TI  - [Jejunal perforation caused by non-absorbable suture material. Findings on a
      clinical case].

PMID- 3887218
TI  - [Screening of tumefactions of the neck using real time echography].

PMID- 3887219
TI  - [Current research on liver transplantation].

PMID- 3887220
TI  - [Venous aneurysms. Personal experience].

PMID- 3887221
TI  - [Proglumetacin: possible first choice in the treatment of orthopedic-
      traumatologic disorders].
AB  - Ninety-seven patients (44 males and 53 females of mean age 42.6 +/- 12,9 years)
      with orthopedic-traumatologic disorders (osteoarthritis, 38; painful joints, 26;
      fibrositis, painful shoulder, 20; peri- and extra-articular disorders, 13) had
      been treated during 7 to 30 days with two suppositories (400 mg) or three
      capsules (450 mg) proglumetacin (Proxil Rorer). Most patients responded well to
      very well to the treatment with significant improvement of pain and inflammatory
      symptoms as well as restoring of limited function. Such a response resulted
      proportional to the dose (53% of good responders among those given the lower dose
      and 82% among those at the higher dose) and to the kind of pathology. The
      patients with acute disorders (7) responded all very well in 7 days; those with
      subacute disorders (57) responded well to very well in a proportion of 57% within
      15 days; those with chronic disorders responded to a proportion of 48% within 30
      days. Tolerance resulted very good anyway: in no case had the treatment to be
      withdrawn, nor allergic or C.S.N. reactions were observed, so that the overall
      tolerance was defined excellent to good in 90% of patients. Thirty-three patients
      complained of accessory symptoms, mainly epigastric pain and nausea, almost
      always mild and anyway transient. Proglumetacin can therefore be properly defined
      as a firstchoice treatment for the management, also ambulatory, of orthopedic
      traumatologic disorders.

PMID- 3887222
TI  - [Parasitic hematuria in ancient Egypt. Interpretation in the light of recent
      studies].

PMID- 3887223
TI  - Demonstration of a pontine-hippocampal projection containing a ranatensin-like
      peptide.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated a neuronal system containing an immunoreactive
      ranatensin-like peptide (irRT) in rat brain. The results of the present study
      describe the ascending projections of a prominent irRT cell group in the pons. A
      major pontine irRT fiber system was shown to innervate the hippocampus but not
      the mammillary body.

PMID- 3887224
TI  - Purification of gamma-enolase messenger ribonucleic acid from rat brain by an
      immunoadsorption method.
AB  - Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) coding for the brain-specific protein gamma
      enolase was isolated by an immunopurification procedure. Rat brain polysomes
      including nascent polypeptide chains were reacted with specific gamma-enolase
      antibody. The polysome-antibody complexes were subsequently adsorbed to protein A
      Sepharose. After extensive washing, RNA was eluted and applied to an oligo(dT)
      cellulose column. Purified mRNA was translated in vitro in a mRNA-dependent
      rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. The synthesized product was identical to gamma
      enolase synthesized by free polysomes from rat brain. Immunoisolated gamma
      enolase mRNA was enriched 380-fold compared to total mRNA extracted from free
      polysomes. This result indicates that low-abundance mRNAs may conveniently be
      isolated from brain tissue by immunoadsorption of polysomes.

PMID- 3887225
TI  - Discrete distribution of cholinergic and vasoactive intestinal polypeptidergic
      amacrine cells in the rat retina.
AB  - The distribution and fine structure of cholinergic amacrine cells of the rat
      retina were observed using monoclonal anti-choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)
      antibody. The ChAT-immunoreactive cholinergic cells were located in the innermost
      zone of the inner nuclear layer and in the outer zone of the ganglion cell layer,
      and they formed two distinct bands in the inner plexiform layer. The ChAT
      immunoreactive materials were diffusely localized throughout the cytoplasm except
      for the nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and the interior of the
      endoplasmic reticulum and vesicular components. The sequential immunostaining of
      one and the same section with both the ChAT antibody and the antiserum against
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) revealed clearly that the cholinergic
      amacrine cells are distinct from the VIP-immunoreactive amacrine cells.

PMID- 3887226
TI  - Localization of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the area postrema of the
      rat and cat.
AB  - The distribution of somatostatin-like immunoreactive (SOM-LI) fibers within the
      area postrema (AP) of rat and cat, using the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP)
      technique, is described. In rat, SOM-LI fibers were scattered throughout the AP
      while moderate accumulations of SOM-LI fibers occurred near the ventrolateral
      border. In cat, scattered SOM-LI fibers occurred throughout the caudal AP, with
      slightly higher numbers present along the AP border with the nucleus tractus
      solitarius. In rostral AP levels only small patches of scattered SOM-LI fibers
      were present. AP SOM-LI cell bodies were absent in both species. The
      immunohistochemical localization of SOM in the AP supports the concept that the
      gastric and cardiovascular effects of SOM are mediated in part through the AP.

PMID- 3887227
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of glial fibrillary acidic protein in normal
      rat Muller glia and retinal astrocytes.
AB  - The presence of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA)-positive Muller glia and
      retinal astrocytes were studied immunohistochemically in normal rat retina. Using
      GFA antiserum both Muller glia and separate star-shaped cells were observed in
      spread-preparations as well as cryostat sections. The retinal astrocytes were
      also visualized using two different monoclonal GFA antibodies. These cells were
      found to be located in the nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers. In contrast,
      Muller glia were not normally visualized with any of the monoclonal GFA
      antibodies but could be stained 4 days after an optic nerve crush. Our results
      demonstrate that normal rat Muller glia expresses GFA-like immunoreactivity.

PMID- 3887228
TI  - Two new Medicare programs get in on the act.

PMID- 3887229
TI  - Associate degree nursing programs accredited by the NLN 1984-85.

PMID- 3887230
TI  - Eight diploma schools celebrate a century of caring.

PMID- 3887231
TI  - Brain tumors in F344 rats associated with chronic inhalation exposure to ethylene
      oxide.
AB  - Groups of F344 rats of each sex were exposed to either ethylene oxide (ETO) vapor
      (concentrations of 100, 33 or 10 ppm) or to room air for 6 hours daily, 5 days
      per week, for up to 2 years. Three representative sections of the brain from each
      rat were evaluated. Twenty-three primary brain tumors were found, two of which
      were in control animals. Increased numbers of brain tumors were seen in 100 ppm
      and 33 ppm ETO exposed male and female rats. Significant trend analyses were
      found for both males and females, indicating that, under the conditions of this
      study, ETO exposure above 10 ppm was related to the development of these brain
      tumors.

PMID- 3887232
TI  - The health implications of overweight and obesity.

PMID- 3887233
TI  - Alterations in metabolic rate after weight loss in obese humans.

PMID- 3887234
TI  - Body weight and serum cholesterol.

PMID- 3887235
TI  - Male pattern obesity as a risk predictor for coronary heart disease, stroke and
      death.

PMID- 3887236
TI  - Starch blockers do not block starch digestion.

PMID- 3887237
TI  - Nutrition classics. Statistical Bulletin, October 1942: Ideal weights for women.

PMID- 3887238
TI  - alpha-Tocopherol influences tissue levels of vitamin A and its esters.

PMID- 3887239
TI  - An unsettled question: when and where are branched-chain amino acids used as
      fuel?

PMID- 3887240
TI  - Drug metabolism and disposition at varying levels of protein and calories in
      human subjects.

PMID- 3887241
TI  - The enterohepatic circulation of vitamin D is negligible.

PMID- 3887242
TI  - Vitamin D status of the elderly: contributions of sunlight exposure and diet.

PMID- 3887243
TI  - Nutrition classics. Science, Volume 188, 1975: Retinal degeneration associated
      with taurine deficiency in the cat. By K. C. Hayes, Richard E. Carey, Susan Y.
      Schmidt.

PMID- 3887244
TI  - Characterization of hepatic monoacylglycerol acyltransferase from the suckling
      rat.

PMID- 3887245
TI  - Triacylglycerol and cholesteryl ester transfer protein.

PMID- 3887246
TI  - Metallothionein induction by ethanol.

PMID- 3887247
TI  - Proposed nursing legislation.

PMID- 3887248
TI  - The negligible role of ethylene dibromide in overall human cancer risk.

PMID- 3887249
TI  - Inequality in the availability of black physicians.

PMID- 3887250
TI  - Eugene Percy Roberts: black physician and leader.

PMID- 3887251
TI  - The black woman physician.

PMID- 3887252
TI  - Intra-ocular lens implantation.

PMID- 3887253
TI  - Outcome of diabetic pregnancies in Waikato: five year experience.
AB  - The outcome of diabetic pregnancies in Waikato Hospital from 1979-1984 was
      reviewed. Overall perinatal mortality in the 61 deliveries was 69/1000 births but
      in the 38 deliveries whose antenatal care included close diabetic control, the
      perinatal mortality was 26/1000 births. The national perinatal mortality has
      improved from 12.2/1000 births in 1979 to 9.6/1000 in 1983 (provisional) with an
      overall rate of 11.0/1000 births. Improved outcome of diabetic pregnancies both
      in terms of reduced perinatal mortality and reduced neonatal and maternal
      complications depends on meticulous blood glucose control throughout pregnancy.

PMID- 3887254
TI  - Treatment of bacterial cystitis with a single dose of trimethoprim, co
      trimoxazole or amoxycillin compared with a course of trimethoprim.
AB  - A single dose of trimethoprim, co-trimoxazole or amoxycillin was compared with a
      five-day course of trimethoprim for the treatment of bacterial cystitis in
      general practice. The respective cure rates were 80%, 80%, 65% and 86%. These
      differences were not statistically significant. Side effects were minimal. Single
      dose therapy is recommended as the treatment of choice for bacterial cystitis in
      domiciliary practice.

PMID- 3887256
TI  - Resources for cardiovascular disease risk factor reduction programs in the
      workplace.

PMID- 3887255
TI  - Non-specific vaginitis: diagnostic features and response to imidazole therapy
      (metronidazole, ornidazole).
AB  - Detailed quantitative aerobic, anaerobic, fungal and mycoplasma flora was
      obtained for 43 women presenting with complaints of vaginal discharge and
      malodour. Clinical response was associated with eradication of the abnormal
      anaerobic flora, despite persistence of G vaginalis in nine (26%). Topical
      imidazole therapy appeared to have some advantage over oral therapy. Gram stains
      of vaginal swabs were found to be the most useful laboratory investigation.

PMID- 3887257
TI  - [Results on tooth loss and prosthetics in Hiroshima and vicinity].

PMID- 3887258
TI  - [Dimensional accuracy of a working model for anterior bridge fabrication].

PMID- 3887259
TI  - Isolated malignant lymphoma of the jejunum and long-term diphenylhydantoin
      therapy.
AB  - We report a case of isolated malignant lymphoma of the jejunum occurring 18 18
      months after continuous diphenylhydantoin therapy for epilepsy. Although this
      association may be purely coincidental, we suggest a possible causal relationship
      between the two in light of current knowledge about the immunological aberrations
      that may be caused by prolonged administration of diphenylhydantoin in man.

PMID- 3887260
TI  - T-cell subsets in patients with gastric cancer.
AB  - Peripheral blood T-cell subsets of 70 patients with untreated gastric cancer and
      55 age- and sex-matched normal controls were studied by using monoclonal
      antibodies and flow cytometry. The number of T cells (Leu 4+ cells) was
      significantly decreased in stage IV patients. Statistically significant decreases
      in the number of Leu 3a+ cells and in the Leu 3a+/Leu 2a+ ratio were also found
      in stage IV patients. Stage I-III patients showed no marked imbalance in T-cell
      subsets. Quantitative changes in T-cell subsets in the advanced stage may be one
      of the factors responsible for the immunosuppression in advanced gastric cancer.

PMID- 3887261
TI  - Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma. A clinicopathologic study of 102 patients.
AB  - Clinicopathologic findings in 102 patients with primary gastrointestinal
      lymphomas were reviewed. Abdominal pain was the common presenting symptom. The
      primary sites of the tumors were: 67 in the stomach, 24 in the small intestine, 7
      in the ileocecal region, 3 in the large intestine, and 1 in the esophagus. The
      disease more frequently affected males than females and showed peak incidence in
      the 5th decade of life. Gastric lymphomas usually presented with a single lesion,
      but multiple lesions were frequent in the small intestine. The body and/or antrum
      of the stomach were the commonest sites of the lymphomas. Gastric lymphomas were
      diagnosed at an earlier stage than intestinal lymphomas. There was 1 case with
      Hodgkin's disease. The remaining 101 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were
      classified according to the Rappaport and the Kiel classifications. The
      proportion of nodular lymphomas in the present series was 7%. The frequencies of
      diffuse histiocytic type ard germinal center cell tumors were 62 and 74%,
      respectively. Cox's multivariate analysis for prognostic factors revealed that
      the stage of the tumor, sex, and age were prognostically significant.

PMID- 3887263
TI  - The surgical management of corneal astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty.
AB  - Seventeen patients with high astigmatism ranging from 5.63 to 19.50 diopters
      after penetrating keratoplasty had further surgery performed to reduce the
      astigmatism. Twelve patients had a mean reduction of 4.70 diopters ranging from
      1.75 to 10.50 diopters. Four patients had a mean increase of 4.81 diopters with a
      range from 2.13 to 9.00 diopters. We have found that large amounts of astigmatism
      can be corrected with relaxing incisions within or circumferential to the graft
      host interface but the predictability of the surgical outcome is not satisfactory
      in all cases.

PMID- 3887262
TI  - [Immunohistochemical detection of prolactin in the hypophysis of the chick and
      chick embryo].
AB  - The appearance and localization of immunoreactive prolactin in the
      adenohypophysis of chick embryos and chickens was studied by antisera to the
      bovine prolactin. Immunoreactive prolactin was found in the chick embryos from
      the 15th day of development on using the methods of indirect immunofluorescence
      and of unlabelled antibodies with a complex PAP. In the chick embryos and in
      chickens during the first 10 days of life, the prolactin-containing cells were
      distributed, mainly, in the cephalic part of adenohypophysis; in the chickens,
      scarce cells were also found in the caudal part. These results suggest that in
      the domestic fowl the immunoreactive prolactin, similar by immunochemical
      specificity with the mammalian prolactin, is a late appearing marker of the
      adenohypophysis differentiation.

PMID- 3887264
TI  - The diagnosis and management of abnormalities of the vertically acting ocular
      muscles.

PMID- 3887265
TI  - Specular microscopic follow-up of corneal grafts for pseudophakic bullous
      keratopathy.
AB  - Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) has become the leading indication for
      penetrating keratoplasty. In our initial fifty patients having keratoplasty for
      PBK there was gradual loss of clear grafts in patients with retained intraocular
      lenses (IOLs). Specular microscopy was performed on donor tissue, and
      periodically postoperatively, for 130 grafts for PBK. The highest cell loss at
      one year was in eyes with retained iris support (39.2%) or anterior chamber
      (37.2%) IOLs. Cell loss in grafts with removed iris support IOLs (21.3%) was
      significantly less. When iris support IOLs were exchanged for anterior chamber
      (AC) IOLs, the cell loss at one year (27.1%) was intermediate. We recommend that
      iris support IOLs be removed at keratoplasty. Exchange for an AC IOL should be
      considered depending on the visual needs of each patient. Removal of AC IOLs
      should be based on consideration of prior tolerance and position of the implant.

PMID- 3887266
TI  - The role of sophisticated radiological testing in the assessment and management
      of epiphora.
AB  - In the management of a patient with epiphora, appropriate investigation is
      important in arriving at the cause of obstruction, and in helping to outline a
      plan for management. Standard dacryocystography has been modified by utilizing
      the techniques of intubation, distension, macrography, and subtraction to produce
      optimal anatomical information. Lacrimal nuclear scanning with the addition of
      rapid sequence display and computer interfacings produce the most sophisticated
      functional information regarding tear drainage. The role of plain films and
      computerized tomography in lacrimal drainage pathway disease is outlined.

PMID- 3887267
TI  - The eyes of Woodrow Wilson. Retinal vascular disease and George de Schweinitz.
AB  - Woodrow Wilson suffered a retinal hemorrhage in 1906, which is central to a
      historical controversy over whether medical problems significantly affected his
      political behavior prior to his stroke of October 1919. In terms of modern
      knowledge, the most likely cause of the event of 1906 is a retinal vein
      occlusion. Confidence in this judgment is gained from evidence that George de
      Schweinitz, one of the prominent ophthalmologists of his day, examined Wilson and
      showed through writings that he was well aware of the major categories of retinal
      vascular disease that are recognized today. Wilson was also subject to more
      ordinary problems, illustrated by anecdotes about his refractive errors,
      difficulty in learning to read, asthenopic symptoms, and visual problems with
      golf.

PMID- 3887268
TI  - Treating the untreatable denture patient. A new design of an old concept.

PMID- 3887269
TI  - [Current views on hip endoprosthesis and prospects for the development of
      mobilizing operations on the hip joint].

PMID- 3887270
TI  - [Development of the hip joint after extra-articular operations in juvenile
      epiphysiolysis of the femur head].

PMID- 3887271
TI  - [Autoarthroplasty of the hip joint in hyperplasia and defects of the femur head].

PMID- 3887272
TI  - [Method of correction of acetabular dysplasia].

PMID- 3887273
TI  - [Resection of tumors of the proximal segment of the femur with preservation of
      the femur head by alloplasty].

PMID- 3887274
TI  - [Injury of the capsule of the posterior part of the knee joint, its role in joint
      instability and surgical treatment].

PMID- 3887275
TI  - [Method of surgical treatment for habitual dislocation of the patella].

PMID- 3887276
TI  - [Prof. Aleksandr Grigor'evich Eletskii (on the centenary of his birth)].

PMID- 3887277
TI  - [History of the organization of first aid in trauma and the prevention of
      occupational injuries in the Donetsk coal mining region].

PMID- 3887278
TI  - [Prof. Lorenz Bohler, M.D., father of accident surgery (1885-1973)].

PMID- 3887279
TI  - [Zsuzsanna Kossuth].

PMID- 3887280
TI  - [The 100-year-old Robert Karoly Hospital].

PMID- 3887281
TI  - [Centenary of the birth of Max Burger].

PMID- 3887282
TI  - [On the 40th anniversary of the liberation of Hungary].

PMID- 3887283
TI  - [Neuroses of the first World War].

PMID- 3887284
TI  - [Award medals of the Congresses of Hungarian Physicians and Naturalists].

PMID- 3887285
TI  - [First experience with ultrasound-guided percutaneous fine-needle biopsy of the
      pancreas].

PMID- 3887286
TI  - [Vertebral body excision for the treatment of cervical disk disease, spondylosis
      and spinal cord stenosis].

PMID- 3887287
TI  - Benign and malignant tumors of the ethmoid sinus.

PMID- 3887288
TI  - Transethmoid decompression of the optic nerve.
AB  - Delayed visual deterioration following trauma to the head can result from injury
      to the optic nerve or central visual pathways. Surgical decompression of the
      medial optic canal is indicated when central nervous system causes are ruled out
      and vision fails to improve on megadose intravenous steroids.

PMID- 3887289
TI  - Orbital complications of ethmoiditis.
AB  - Orbital infections are due to sinusitis in 75 per cent of cases and the ethmoid
      sinus is the most likely culprit. Aggressive and timely treatment is crucial if
      permanent disability and death are to be prevented.

PMID- 3887291
TI  - [Immunological and clinical studies for the assessment of immunoreactivity in
      childhood with special reference to selected disease groups. 1. Possibilities and
      limitations of immunodiagnosis in childhood].

PMID- 3887290
TI  - Computed tomography of the ethmoid sinuses.
AB  - CT scanning of the ethmoid sinuses is a significant advancement in the diagnostic
      evaluation of patients with pathology in this region. It allows for simultaneous
      and accurate evaluation of fine bony detail as well as subtle soft tissue
      abnormalities.

PMID- 3887292
TI  - [In memoriam Arthur Keller (1868-1934)].

PMID- 3887293
TI  - [Wilhelm Kunzer on his 65th birthday].

PMID- 3887294
TI  - Effects of host serum on feeding by Trichostrongylus colubriformis (nematoda).
AB  - The effect of host serum on in vitro feeding by Trichostrongylus colubriformis
      was studied by incubating adult helminths in goat serum containing the dye,
      Rhodamine B. The amount of dye ingested was determined by fluorometric analysis.
      Immune serum from goats infected with T. colubriformis suppressed helminth
      feeding, while normal serum from uninfected goats did not. Suppression of feeding
      by immune serum increased with the duration of the host's infection. Heat
      inactivation (56 degrees C) of immune serum did not affect its suppressive
      activity. Pre-exposure of worms to immune serum decreased subsequent feeding
      activity. However, rigorous washing of helminths restored their feeding to levels
      that were similar to untreated worms. Indirect immunofluorescent studies with
      immune serum and FITC conjugated rabbit anti-goat IgG demonstrated binding of
      immunoglobulin to the cuticle, stoma and excretory pore of whole worms. Feeding
      inhibition of immune serum was associated with IgG1 isotype. Results of the
      present studies indicated that IgG was responsible for in vitro suppression of T.
      colubriformis feeding and may be one effector of immunity to T. colubriformis in
      the goat.

PMID- 3887295
TI  - Papillary thyroid carcinoma: a study of its many morphologic expressions and
      clinical correlates.

PMID- 3887296
TI  - Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration cytology of the pancreas.

PMID- 3887297
TI  - Iatrogenic renal disease.

PMID- 3887298
TI  - The heterogeneous proliferation of human cancer cells in vivo.

PMID- 3887299
TI  - Three-dimensional microstructure of gastrointestinal tumors. Gland pattern and
      its diagnostic significance.

PMID- 3887300
TI  - Pathology of the pituitary and sellar region: exclusive of pituitary adenoma.

PMID- 3887301
TI  - Nutritional needs during the first year of life. Some concepts and perspectives.
AB  - This article reviews some of the recent changes in thinking that are reflected in
      two reports (Recommended Nutrient Intakes for Canadians and the FAO/WHO/UNU
      Report on Energy and Protein Requirements) concerning nutrient requirements for
      infants below one year of age. The author illustrates the concepts underlying the
      published requirement estimates and hence some of the principles that should
      underlie the interpretation and application of the estimates.

PMID- 3887303
TI  - Assessment of nutritional status: functional indicators of pediatric nutriture.
AB  - The author speaks to the need to update our conceptual approach and our technical
      capacities for nutritional status assessment and to devise innovative ways to
      apply them to pediatric practice. The article discusses and evaluates
      conventional, static indices of nutriture and the importance of history and the
      physical examination. Focus is then placed on the concept of the functional
      assessment of nutritional status and its potential for clinical use.

PMID- 3887302
TI  - How to meet the lipid requirements of the premature infant.
AB  - Through effective use of tables and illustrations, the author discusses the lipid
      requirements of the premature infant and how these requirements may be met by
      examining the lipid composition of human milk and colostrum, cow's milk, infant
      formula, vegetable oils, and premature-infant formula. Also discussed are the
      variables that affect the composition of human milk and the question of term
      versus preterm milk.

PMID- 3887304
TI  - Human milk feeding.
AB  - This article examines the factors to be considered in providing optimal
      nutritional care to the infant fed human milk. These factors include the nutrient
      and non-nutrient composition of human milk, nutrient requirements of full-term
      and premature infants, the timing and need for supplementary or complementary
      foods, and the role of milk-based formulas.

PMID- 3887305
TI  - Childhood obesity.
AB  - Several conclusions can be drawn on the basis of the research reviewed: Obese
      children are more likely to become obese adults than are their thinner peers.
      Parent weight may interact with child weight status in the etiology of adult
      obesity. Obese children with obese parents are more likely to become obese adults
      than are obese children with thin parents. The prediction of adult obesity from
      childhood obesity improves with the age of the child. As the obese child gets
      older, he or she is more likely to become an obese adult. The inclusion of
      parents in the treatment process is important for the success of childhood weight
      control. It may be best to see the parent and child separately in treatment
      meetings rather than together. Children with thin parents may do better in weight
      control than children of obese parents. Adherence to exercise is likely to be a
      problem with obese children, and the choice or design of an exercise program
      should take these adherence problems into account. Nutritional adequacy of the
      child's diet should be evaluated both in terms of what the child is eating as
      well as in terms of the prescribed diet. Likewise, growth of the obese child
      during dieting should be monitored and should be related to expected height,
      which can be based on parent height. In summary, childhood obesity is a problem
      that places a child at great risk for becoming an obese adult. However, a growing
      body of research has emerged that has identified important risk factors for the
      development of obesity in children. Likewise, treatment methods have been
      developed that produce significant and long-lasting effects on childhood weight
      status. Continued development of treatment methods would be of great potential
      importance in the prevention and treatment of this prevalent problem.

PMID- 3887306
TI  - Treatment of acute diarrhea.
AB  - The application of new pathophysiologic information to the treatment of diarrheal
      diseases has greatly enhanced the outlook for millions of young patients in many
      developing countries. This article outlines the basis and nature of these
      therapeutic advances in the belief that they are relevant, not only in Asia and
      South America, but also throughout North America.

PMID- 3887307
TI  - Unconventional eating practices and their health implications.
AB  - The authors discuss a number of unconventional or faddist foods and eating
      practices and their health implications. Among the topics included are
      vegetarianism, Zen macrobiotic diets, fast foods, junk foods, megavitamins and
      their toxicity, health foods, fad diets in infancy, and elimination diets.

PMID- 3887308
TI  - Food allergy and intolerance.
AB  - This article focuses on intolerance to food proteins, discussing the definition
      and history of food intolerance, the basics of gastrointestinal mucosal immunity,
      specific food antigens, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, as well as
      diagnosis, therapy, and prevention.

PMID- 3887309
TI  - Iron deficiency--facts and fallacies.
AB  - Iron deficiency occurs in all strata of society, is primarily a result of
      postnatal feeding practices and not due to congenital deficiencies of iron, can
      be prevented by appropriate dietary guidance, and, when present, produces
      important nonhematologic manifestations.

PMID- 3887310
TI  - Nutritional regulation of host resistance and predictive value of immunologic
      tests in assessment of outcome.
AB  - In this review, the authors describe the current information on nutrition
      modulation of immunity, enumerate the various immunologic tests that are
      potentially useful in nutritional assessment, examine the reliability of tests
      predicting disease and complications, and discuss how immunologic evaluation may
      help in the decision process regarding nutritional support.

PMID- 3887311
TI  - Childhood antecedents of adult degenerative disease.
AB  - The pathogenetic links between diet and diseases such as hypertension and
      atherosclerosis remain the subject of much controversy. This article reviews the
      evidence about the relationship between diet and these two widespread adult
      conditions, proposes an approach for their early recognition, examines the
      rationale and safety of dietary changes, and formulates specific recommendations.

PMID- 3887312
TI  - Morphology of the developing pulmonary bed: pharmacologic implications.

PMID- 3887313
TI  - Decreased plasma glucose following indomethacin therapy in premature infants with
      patent ductus arteriosus.
AB  - The effect of indomethacin on carbohydrate metabolism was studied in six
      premature infants with significant patent ductus arteriosus (mean +/- S.D., birth
      weight 1,066 +/- 244 gm, gestational age 30 +/- 1.6 weeks). All infants were in a
      glucose steady state between 50 and 100 mg/dl over a 2-hour period before
      indomethacin administration. There was a significant fall in plasma glucose at 1,
      6, 12, and 24 hours following intravenous indomethacin infusion. Since there was
      no significant change in insulin levels from the baseline, the mechanism of
      indomethacin-mediated lack of prostaglandin inhibition of insulin release was not
      substantiated. Based on this study, plasma glucose levels should be followed
      closely in the first 24 hours following intravenous indomethacin administration.

PMID- 3887314
TI  - The association of neuroblastoma and myoclonic encephalopathy: an imaging
      approach.
AB  - Myoclonic encephalopathy is a unique clinical syndrome of infants and children
      that is associated with a neurogenic tumor of ganglion-cell origin in
      approximately half of cases. A review of the literature as well as our personal
      experience with two recent infants suggests an imaging approach that includes
      chest radiography and abdominal computed tomography (CT). Ultrasonography, neck
      CT, and chest CT myelography may be required in selected patients. An expedient
      clinical and imaging evaluation of infants and children with opsomyoclonus is
      important to detect those patients with neurogenic tumors.

PMID- 3887315
TI  - Submaxillary sialadenitis with a calculus in infancy diagnosed by
      ultrasonography.
AB  - Ultrasonography of submandibular masses in infancy may be performed during the
      acute phase of the disease, rapidly providing information about the mass. Further
      steps in management follow as illustrated by our infant with submaxillary
      sialadenitis and a non-opaque calculus.

PMID- 3887316
TI  - Aortic aneurysm secondary to umbilical artery catheterization.
AB  - A 14-month-girl presented with an asymptomatic posterior mediastinal mass. She
      had a history of prematurity, umbilical artery catheterization, and sepsis. The
      diagnosis of aortic aneurysm was made by dynamic computed tomography. The
      aneurysm was successfully resected.

PMID- 3887317
TI  - Ruptured mycotic aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery secondary to
      bacterial endocarditis in a 6-year-old-girl.
AB  - By non-invasive examination we demonstrated a false mycotic aneurysm on a branch
      of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). It suddenly ruptured but was managed
      successfully. The patient had mitral valve disease and probably bacterial
      endocarditis also.

PMID- 3887318
TI  - Hyperresponsiveness of cough receptors in patients with bronchial asthma.
AB  - The hyperresponsiveness of cough receptors was evaluated using the acetic acid
      inhalation test in healthy adults, patients with bronchial asthma, and children
      with or without cough. The concentration of acetic acid inducing cough was more
      than 20% in all 16 healthy adults and 18 children in the control group. There
      were two groups of asthmatic patients: Those in group 1 showed normal response to
      more than 20% acetic acid (n = 46), and those in group 2 showed a sensitive
      reaction to less than 10% (n = 11). Mean age was 9.0 +/- 4.2 years in group 1 and
      15.1 +/- 7.6 years in group 2 (statistical significance, P less than .001). Six
      of 11 asthmatic patients in group 2 were classified as nonallergic asthmatics,
      whereas only five of 46 patients in group 1 were nonallergic (P less than .01).
      Bronchoconstriction was not induced in any case, in spite of the production of
      cough. It is suggested that the hyperresponsiveness of individual cough receptors
      without the stimulation of irritant receptors be evaluated.

PMID- 3887320
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus and related conditions in newborn infants].

PMID- 3887319
TI  - Clinical, laboratory, and environmental features of infant botulism in
      Southeastern Pennsylvania.
AB  - Forty-four cases of botulism occurred in infants in Southeastern Pennsylvania
      between 1976 and 1983. Forty-three were caused by Clostridium botulinum type B.
      Progressive weakness necessitated ventilatory support in 39 infants.
      Complications during hospitalization included otitis media in 13 patients and
      aspiration pneumonia in 11. Eight infants developed the syndrome of inappropriate
      secretion of antidiuretic hormone and two developed adult respiratory distress
      syndrome. One infant died of progressive bradycardia despite adequate control of
      ventilation. Manifestations of autonomic nervous system dysfunction recognized on
      admission to the hospital were constipation, distention of the urinary bladder,
      and decreased salivation and tearing. During hospitalization, some infants had
      unexpected fluctuations of skin color, blood pressure, and heart rate. Infants'
      strength improved despite persistent intestinal elaboration of toxin. C botulinum
      was isolated from seven of nine home or work environments sampled. All 44 infants
      were white and were receiving breast milk at the time of onset of symptoms. The
      majority had first feedings of nonhuman food substances within 4 weeks prior to
      onset of symptoms. Delineation of fecal flora in seven infants revealed
      predominance of enterobacteriaceae. Perturbations of intestinal flora during
      infancy, especially at weaning, may cause transient permissiveness to
      colonization by C botulinum.

PMID- 3887321
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of various therapeutic agents in
      children with profound staphylodermias].

PMID- 3887322
TI  - A teflon culture dish for high-magnification microscopy and measurements in
      single cells.
AB  - A simple tissue culture dish is described which permits the use of oil immersion
      optics (X 100) while maintaining access to cells in culture. In combination with
      a micro-CO2-incubator (Ince et al. 1983) long-term as well as short-term
      experiments can be performed under microscopical control. The teflon dish is re
      usable, resistant to sterilization procedures, and easy to assemble. Standard
      glass coverslips with adherent cells are secured to the dish by an aluminium ring
      with a bayonet fitting. Both phase-contrast and interference-contrast microscopy
      with high magnification can be used. The dish is of particular use in
      electrophysiological investigations where the patch-clamp technique is used and
      frequent exchange of cultures is required. With this unit, single ion channel
      activity in cultured human monocytes was measured. The dish has also been used in
      studies in which membrane potential measurements were performed with glass
      microelectrodes in small cells under culture conditions. The applications
      described include video time-lapse sequences of phagocytosis with micro-organisms
      presented to mouse peritoneal macrophages with broken-tipped pipettes. This easy
      to use, multi-purpose dish offers the cell physiologist a valuable aid for the
      manipulation and observation of single cells in culture.

PMID- 3887323
TI  - Versatile temperature controlled tissue bath for studies of isolated cells using
      an inverted microscope.
AB  - The design of a small, inexpensive temperature controlled bath (0.25 ml volume)
      for electrophysiological studies of isolated cells is described. The design
      creates a uniform temperature (+/- 1 degree C) from ambient temperature to
      approximately 37 degrees C over a bath chamber area of 0.6 X 1 cm for flow rates
      from zero to 2 ml/min. Access for microelectrodes and unobstructed preparation
      viewing with an inverted microscope is afforded by a finely stranded heater
      sandwiched between two glass cover slips and located beneath the bath chamber.
      Battery operation of the feedback temperature controller and solution pre-heater
      minimizes electrical interference.

PMID- 3887324
TI  - [Herbal medicine versus placebo in the adjuvant treatment of patients with a
      radical operation for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung].

PMID- 3887325
TI  - [An oncologist's point of view on cancer and miracle medicines].

PMID- 3887326
TI  - Bovine mycotic abortion in Denmark.
AB  - A survey is given of the occurrence of mycotic infections associated with
      abortion in Danish cattle. During a period of six years a total of 748 samples of
      placenta material were examined. Mycotic abortion was demonstrated in 101 cases
      (14%). The case rate was significantly higher (21%) during the winter months from
      December through February than during the rest of the year (10%). Abortions
      occurred as from the 135th day of pregnancy, with maximum in the eighth month,
      where 45% of all cases were observed. A. fumigatus was demonstrated in 77 cases,
      Mucor spp. in 11 cases, Absidia spp. in 5 cases, and a mixed infection with A.
      fumigatus and Mucor spp. in 3 cases. In 5 cases the fungi were demonstrated by
      microscopic and histological examination, but not by culture. The annual
      occurrence of mycotic abortion varied from 10% to 24% of cases of abortion
      examined. The latter figure was recorded in a year following a particularly heavy
      rainfall in the month of June.

PMID- 3887327
TI  - Some effects of Streptococcus faecium M 74 in piglets.

PMID- 3887328
TI  - Long-term complete autologous reconstitution following cyclophosphamide and
      allogeneic marrow infusion in a case of severe aplastic anemia.
AB  - A 23 year old man with severe idiopathic aplasia, who had previously been
      unsuccessfully treated with oxymetholone for a period of 6 months, received two
      intravenous (IV) infusions of bone marrow cells from his HLA identical brother.
      He was given 200 mg/kg anti-lymphocyte globulins (ALG) IV, followed by a first
      infusion of 13 X 10(9) nucleated cells IV, but no improvement was observed. Three
      months later, he was treated with cyclophosphamide (25 mg/kg over 4 days)
      followed by a second infusion of 18 X 10(9) nucleated cells IV of the same donor.
      Within a four month period there was evidence of complete marrow reconstitution,
      and the patient has experienced no relapse of the disease during the subsequent
      13 years follow up period. The mechanism of the recovery is unclear: no evidence
      of graft acceptance could be established. The respective roles of ALG,
      cyclophosphamide and/or bone marrow infusions are discussed.

PMID- 3887329
TI  - [Venous occlusive disease of the liver and autologous bone marrow
      transplantation. Preventive role for heparin?].
AB  - The pathogenesis of veno-occlusive disease (VOD) of the liver remains unclear. In
      a retrospective study we reviewed 63 patients treated with high dose conditioning
      regimens followed by autologous bone marrow transplant. All patients were given
      low dose heparin (1 mg/kg). Only one patient developed VOD when heparin was
      stopped. We think that low dose heparin seems an interesting proposal for an
      randomized study to prevent VOD.

PMID- 3887330
TI  - [Tissue plasminogen activator: a new thrombolytic specific t fibrin].

PMID- 3887332
TI  - Hospital histories. 6. The Cassel Hospital.

PMID- 3887331
TI  - Cerebellar stimulation for epilepsy.

PMID- 3887333
TI  - Hospital histories. 7. Guy's Hospital.

PMID- 3887334
TI  - Hospital histories. 8. Hunter's Moor Hospital.

PMID- 3887335
TI  - A new antiserum with conformational specificity for LHRH: usefulness for
      radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry.
AB  - We have produced and characterized a new high titer, highly specific antiserum
      for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), and demonstrated its usefulness
      for radioimmunoassay (RIA) and immunocytochemistry. The antiserum can be used at
      a final dilution of 1:500,000 to 1:600,000 for RIAs with a sensitivity of 0.2
      pg/tube. Both the amino and carboxy terminal ends of the LHRH molecule are
      required for antibody recognition, and the antigenic determinant appears to be
      part of a three-dimensional structure of LHRH. Fragments of LHRH and other brain
      peptides are not recognized by the antiserum. Using immunocytochemical
      techniques, we have localized LHRH-containing neurons in the medial basal
      hypothalamus of the rhesus monkey, guinea pig, and rat. Staining of LHRH fibers
      and cell bodies was eliminated by preabsorbtion of the immune serum with
      synthetic LHRH. This antiserum should be useful in studies that require
      quantification of very low amounts of LHRH and in studies that require
      correlation between immunocytochemical localization and tissue content or
      secretion of LHRH.

PMID- 3887336
TI  - Obsessive-compulsive disorder.
AB  - Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a heterogeneous cluster of syndromes that share
      aspects of both anxiety and affective disorders. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is
      epidemiologically and phenomenologically distinct from the compulsive character.
      Although both genetic and neuropsychological data suggest some biologic basis to
      obsessive-compulsive disorder, there is still insufficient information in both of
      these areas. Treatment with clomipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, has proved
      useful for obsessional patients either as an adjunct to behavior therapy or as a
      primary treatment for patients who are not amenable to behavioral interventions.

PMID- 3887337
TI  - The differential diagnosis of anxiety. Psychiatric and medical disorders.
AB  - This article has reviewed clinical and demographic features of the primary
      anxiety disorders and other psychiatric and medical disorders that often are
      associated with anxiety symptoms, highlighting differential diagnosis. In
      summary, phobic disorders (exogenous anxiety) are characterized by anxiety
      reliably elicited by specific environmental stimuli; the stimuli involved
      determine which type of phobia is diagnosed. In contrast, panic attacks and
      generalized anxiety (endogenous anxiety) involve symptoms of anxiety not
      associated only with specific eliciting stimuli. Panic disorder is differentiated
      from generalized anxiety disorder by the presence of discrete attacks; both
      disorders usually have some level of persistent anxiety. Obsessive-compulsive
      disorder is characterized by recurrent unwanted but irresistible thoughts and the
      ritualized repetitive acts resulting from these obsessions, in the absence of
      preexisting psychosis or depression. Finally, posttraumatic stress disorder
      involves various anxiety (and other) symptoms as a direct result of an obvious
      stressor. Depressive symptoms are frequently associated with anxiety. It is
      sometimes impossible to determine which is the primary disorder. Overlap of
      syndromes probably also occurs with other primary psychiatric disorders,
      especially somatoform disorders, adjustment disorder with anxious mood, and
      several personality disorders. Finally, primary anxiety can be confused with
      several medical syndromes, especially when the medical disorder has not been
      recognized. Nevertheless, research with patients with pheochromocytoma suggests
      that medical causes of anxiety may be qualitatively different from primary
      anxiety disorders, especially the psychic anxiety component. Attention to the
      clinical and demographic features listed in Table 4, as well as the use of newly
      developed structured diagnostic interviews should usually lead to a correct
      diagnosis, as illustrated by the following examples. The onset of a fear of
      public speaking in mid-adolescence suggests an uncomplicated social phobia,
      whereas the onset in the mid-twenties of several social and other situational
      anxieties in a person with a previous history of panic attacks would be strongly
      suggestive of the panic-agoraphobia syndrome. The new onset of generalized
      anxiety symptoms and depression in a 45-year-old patient who has had a previous
      significant depression would suggest that this person's anxiety is part of, and
      secondary to, the affective disorder and not a primary anxiety disorder.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3887338
TI  - Imipramine in the treatment of panic disorder and its complications.
AB  - The recognition of the efficacy of imipramine for treating panic disorder and its
      complications has had major implications for clinical practice, diagnostic
      classification, theoretic understanding, and research strategies in the anxiety
      disorders. It has also resulted in benefit for a great number of affected
      individuals and promises to yield even greater relief of suffering as the
      findings become more widely disseminated.

PMID- 3887339
TI  - Posttraumatic stress disorder.
AB  - The authors review posttraumatic stress disorder in terms of clinical features,
      historical development and phenomenology, and relationship to other psychiatric
      disorders. Treatment modalities are detailed.

PMID- 3887340
TI  - Cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus in children.
AB  - This article reviews skin changes occurring in diabetic children. Skin changes
      may be related to metabolic alterations associated with diabetes. Others may be
      manifestations of macro or microvascular disease. Insulin injections, required
      for management of most diabetes in the pediatric age group, may also cause
      cutaneous changes. There remain several cutaneous abnormalities which are
      observed with increased frequency among diabetics, the significance of which is
      unknown. The skin is a potentially invaluable tool for understanding certain
      diabetic complications; however, the value of observations and experimental data
      relating to cutaneous changes in diabetics depends upon documentation of the type
      of diabetes mellitus employing the currently accepted classification system.

PMID- 3887341
TI  - Toxic epidermal necrolysis in a 6-week-old infant.
AB  - Toxic epidermal necrolysis was documented in a 6-week-old infant with Klebsiella
      pneumoniae sepsis who received many medications. We inoculated infant mice with
      the K. pneumoniae isolate but were unable to produce histologic changes
      resembling those seen in our patient. This condition should be included in the
      differential diagnosis of severe drug reactions in very young infants with
      clinical scalded-skin syndromes.

PMID- 3887342
TI  - The course of chronic bullous disease of childhood.
AB  - We followed three children who met the clinical, histologic, and immunologic
      criteria for chronic bullous disease of childhood (linear IgA dermatosis). All
      patients were able to discontinue therapy after two months to two years. Two have
      continued to experience transient mild episodes of blistering that have not
      required reinstitution of systemic therapy. In our opinion, children with this
      condition have a benign course with disease-free remissions and can be expected
      to discontinue all therapy eventually.

PMID- 3887343
TI  - Dermatologic uses of methotrexate in children: indications and guidelines.
AB  - Although methotrexate is frequently employed as an antimetabolic chemotherapeutic
      agent for childhood cancer, it is rarely used for dermatologic disorders in
      children. In the pediatric patient whose skin disease is recalcitrant to more
      conservative treatment, a trial of methotrexate is often appropriate. There are
      few reports of the drug's use for skin disorders in childhood upon which to base
      rational therapeutic management, however. In setting guidelines for use in
      children, we must consider pharmacokinetic studies and methotrexate toxicity
      observed in managing pediatric cancer.

PMID- 3887344
TI  - Cancer chemotherapy. Historical aspects and future considerations.
AB  - Effective cancer chemotherapeutic agents were developed rapidly during the 1940s,
      1950s, and 1960s. With recognition of the curability with chemotherapy of certain
      selected advanced cancers the emphasis of treatment has changed from a palliative
      to a curative mode. Several important biological advances, such as increased
      understanding of pharmacokinetics and the principles of combination chemotherapy,
      have strongly influenced the administration of chemotherapeutic agents. Other
      major conceptual changes, such as the recognition that regional lymph nodes are
      not effective barriers to tumor spread, have also had a major impact on the
      course of cancer treatment. The 1980s will be as productive as the preceding
      decades, but it is difficult at this time to determine if biologic response
      modifiers, monoclonal antibodies, differentiating agents, or some other as yet
      unrecognized therapy will be the major advance.

PMID- 3887345
TI  - Techniques for diagnostic imaging. Computed tomography, ultrasound, and magnetic
      resonance imaging.

PMID- 3887346
TI  - Premenstrual syndrome. Tactics for intervention.
AB  - Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a very common disorder. It is diagnosed by
      excluding other disorders, including psychopathology, and with use of a menstrual
      diary. Although the cause of PMS remains unknown, treatment is usually effective.
      For the majority of patients, reassurance, dietary changes, and regular exercise
      are all that is necessary. If this is ineffective, vitamin B6 and, if indicated,
      vitamin E or zinc sulfate should be added to the regimen. If therapy still is not
      effective, a diuretic (preferably spironolactone [Aldactone]) or natural
      progesterone should be added. This may also be done during the three to six
      months required for dietary therapy to achieve maximum effectiveness. Diuretics
      are less expensive, easier to use, and easier to obtain than natural
      progesterone, which is not widely available. If oral contraceptives are desirable
      for the patient, progestin-dominant pills may be tried instead of a diuretic or
      natural progesterone. For those patients whose symptoms are resistant to all of
      the aforementioned therapy, bromocriptine (Parlodel) or danazol (Danocrine) can
      be added to the regimen; these drugs, however, should be prescribed only by
      practitioners experienced in their use.

PMID- 3887347
TI  - Guillain-Barre syndrome. Current methods of diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 3887348
TI  - The Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine and the Postgraduate Medical Journal.

PMID- 3887349
TI  - A clinical comparison of purified bovine and purified porcine insulins.
AB  - Twenty four patients with established insulin dependent diabetes treated with
      twice daily soluble and isophane bovine insulins were changed to equivalent doses
      of either purified bovine Neusulin and Neuphane (Wellcome) or purified porcine
      Actrapid and Monotard (Novo) insulins. After 6 months treatment the porcine group
      showed a 35% fall in insulin binding antibodies and a 14% reduction in insulin
      dosage. The group changed to purified bovine insulins showed no significant
      change in insulin binding antibodies and no change in insulin dose. Mean blood
      glucose and glycosylated serum protein fell in both groups during the study
      period but there was no significant difference between the two groups.

PMID- 3887350
TI  - Is Nd-Yag laser treatment for upper gastrointestinal bleeds of benefit in a
      district general hospital?
AB  - 104 consecutive patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding admitted to a
      district general hospital over a period of 20 months were considered for laser
      photocoagulation. 58 patients were found to have peptic ulcers, of which 42 had
      stigmata of recent haemorrhage accessible to laser photocoagulation. 17 were
      treated with a Nd-YAG laser and 25 were managed conservatively. There was no
      significant difference in the number of patients who re-bled and required
      surgery, mortality rate, length of stay in hospital or the amount of blood
      transfusion required in either group. We suggest that the routine use of a laser
      for bleeding peptic ulcers in a district general hospital is not justified.

PMID- 3887351
TI  - The swollen leg: ultrasonographic demonstration of non-thrombotic causes.
AB  - Grey-scale ultrasound is a useful investigation in selected patients with a
      painful swollen leg. It is of particular value in cases in which there is a
      clinical suspicion of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) but other features, such as an
      atypical history or equivocal radiology, suggest alternative pathology. Five such
      cases are presented in which ultrasound showed transonic lesions. The cause of
      the swelling of the leg was thus shown to be "cystic' in nature and therefore not
      due to DVT. This enabled inappropriate and potentially harmful therapy to be
      avoided and the correct therapy, such as surgical drainage, to be undertaken.

PMID- 3887352
TI  - Effects of incubation at 4 C on calcium uptake and acrosin activity in turkey
      spermatozoa.
AB  - Turkey semen was diluted 1:1 with a phosphate diluent (Clemson Turkey Semen
      Diluent) containing radioactively labeled calcium-45 (45Ca) and stored in in
      vitro at 25 or 4 C to determine the effects of cold-storage on spermatozoa 45Ca
      permeability. In addition, acrosin activity of semen stored 24 hr at 4 C was
      compared with that of fresh diluted semen at 25 C. Cold-stored spermatozoa
      immediately sequestered 45Ca at an exponential rate until the 3 hr
      disintegrations per min/10(9) spermatozoa equalled that of spermatozoa stored 24
      h at 4 C. Washing the spermatozoa after 3 hr incubation reduced the 45Ca of
      spermatozoa stored at 25 C but not at 4 C. Acrosin activity of spermatozoa
      diluted 1:1 with CTSD and stored at 4 C for 24 hr was 1.74 times greater than for
      fresh sperm held 1 hr at 25 C. These results suggest that cooling turkey
      spermatozoa causes an intracellular influx of calcium ions that may be associated
      with acrosin formation.

PMID- 3887353
TI  - Clara Louise Maass: heroine or martyr of public health?

PMID- 3887354
TI  - Management of the urethral syndrome in general practice.

PMID- 3887355
TI  - Trimethoprim and amoxycillin in acute otitis media.

PMID- 3887356
TI  - Treatment of ankle sprains with benzydamine.

PMID- 3887357
TI  - [Protection of the arch space around the abutment tooth when lining a removable
      partial denture].

PMID- 3887358
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. II. Meconium ileus in affected fetuses.
AB  - Meconium ileus was the presenting feature of cystic fibrosis in 46 per cent of
      the couples which have been referred for prenatal diagnosis. In fetuses which
      have been aborted on the basis of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes assays,
      meconium ileus represented the only pathological feature of cystic fibrosis, and
      was observed in three fourths of the cases. Real-time sonographic examination of
      fetuses at the time of amniocentesis was able to show an echogenic mass in the
      abdomen corresponding to the meconium ileus, and thus may afford a complementary
      means of diagnosis.

PMID- 3887359
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis and perinatal management of a fetal ovarian cyst.
AB  - A case of a prenatally diagnosed fetal ovarian cyst is presented. The pregnancy
      was complicated only by polyhydramnios, and some degree of fetal bowel
      obstruction could be recognized on sonogram. The newborn was delivered vaginally
      in the 39th week of pregnancy, and the cyst was removed by laparotomy on the day
      of the delivery. The etiology of this rare fetal condition is unknown.

PMID- 3887360
TI  - Placental ultrasonographic biochemical and histochemical studies in human fetuses
      affected with Niemann-Pick disease type A.
AB  - Placental ultrasonographic, bio- and histochemical studies were performed on four
      unrelated fetuses affected with Niemann-Pick disease Type A, following
      prostaglandin-induced abortion at about the 19th week of gestation. An
      accumulation of sphingomyelin in the placentae of affected fetuses indicates the
      essential role of the enzyme sphingomyelinase, even during the early stages of
      gestation. A fair correlation between histochemical localization of sphingomyelin
      in the placentae and ultrasonographic findings was found, indicating the value of
      ultrasonic echo wave information in the diagnosis of metabolic disorders.

PMID- 3887361
TI  - The influence of different stages of pregnancy on group B streptococcal infection
      in mice.
AB  - Eight-day pregnant mice were found to be more resistant to the lethal effects of
      group B streptococci than those which were 17 days pregnant. From studies on the
      multiplication of the organisms in vivo it is suggested that the apparent
      enhancement of the infection in the 17-day pregnant animals is due to the lethal
      effects of the greater number of streptococci found in their tissues.

PMID- 3887362
TI  - [50th anniversary of the A. N. Bakh Institute of Biochemistry of the Academy of
      Sciences of the USSR].

PMID- 3887363
TI  - [Somatotropic function of the hypophysis in the hypothalamic puberty syndrome].
AB  - The STH level was studied in the blood of 105 patients with the hypothalamic
      pubertal syndrome (HPS). A tendency toward STH hyperproduction was revealed. A
      comparison of the STH level in the blood and the degree of obesity of the HPS
      patients showed a clear decrease of the growth hormone in Stage IV obesity. The
      STH level was almost the same in Stages I, II, III obesity. The STH secretion in
      the HPS patients correlated with age. The period of disease did not influence
      hypophysial somatotropic function in the HPS patients. No interrelationship
      between the content of hydrocortisone and STH in the blood was established. In
      most of the patients with the HPS, the growth hormone secretion in response to
      hypoglycemia was undisturbed. Preliminary results obtained with parlodel tests
      showed an opposite reaction in the HPS patients as compared to healthy ones. Our
      results confirmed once more that the HPS should not be interpreted as a variant
      of Icenko-Cushing's syndrome or constitutional obesity in which STH production
      was lowered.

PMID- 3887364
TI  - [Detection of hormonally dependent albumin secretion by primary cultures of rat
      hepatocytes using an homologous system of radioimmunological analysis].
AB  - A homologous radioimmunoassay to determine rat serum albumin is described in
      detail. Using this technique one was able to estimate albumin basal secretion by
      initial rat hepatocyte cultures in a serum-free medium and to detect protein
      secretion changes caused by various hormones. The stimulating dose-dependent
      affects of insulin and growth hormone as well as the inhibitory effect of
      estradiol with regard to albumin production by cultivated hepatocytes were
      demonstrated. The time of incubation with hepatic cells which was necessary to
      reach a maximum expression of the effect, was different for various hormones. The
      preliminary results provide an opportunity to create models for in vitro studies
      on various dyshormonal states of the body on the basis of a quantitative
      estimation of hormone-dependent albumin secretion by initial hepatocyte cultures.

PMID- 3887365
TI  - [Age-related characteristics of lipid peroxidation in the blood in alloxan
      diabetes].
AB  - The experiments on male rats aged 5-6 and 24-26 months have shown that alloxan
      diabetes is characterized by an increase in the content of blood glucose, total
      lipids and malonic dialdehyde. The time-course of these parameters reveals clear
      age dependence; the glucose and total lipid content is higher in young rats and
      that of lipid peroxidation products in old animals. The antioxidant effect of
      insulin, which is estimated by the malonic, dialdehyde content in the blood,
      decreases with age.

PMID- 3887366
TI  - [Isaak Borisovich Khavin (on the centenary of his birth)].

PMID- 3887367
TI  - Does renal failure induce a decrease in cyclosporine blood concentrations?
AB  - Blood Cys concentrations were monitored twice weekly by RIA in nine patients
      undergoing renal transplantation. The Cys dose was adapted to obtain blood values
      between 100-400ng/ml. A negative correlation was found between plasma creatinine
      and blood Cys, even in those patients in whom the oral dosage was not changed (r
      = 0.65, n = 23, p less than 0.001). In vitro studies showed no effect of uraemic
      blood on Cys measurement. It seems probable that uraemia induces changes in
      distribution volume and/or gastrointestinal absorption of the drug. Careful
      monitoring of Cys during uraemia is therefore warranted.

PMID- 3887368
TI  - Increased interleukin II production during kidney allograft rejection.
AB  - We have studied the lectin-induced production of Interleukin II (IL-2) by
      peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) obtained from recipients of kidney grafts. Pre
      graft values (haemodialysed patients) are similar to those of healthy
      individuals. After grafting and during the first year the IL-2 levels produced by
      PBL from recipients with well functioning grafts are very low (p less than
      0.001). Years after grafting the IL-2 yields tend towards restoration. At the
      onset of an acute rejection the IL-2 production rises significantly. These data
      show that an increase in IL-2 production may play a role in the rejection
      process.

PMID- 3887369
TI  - Metabolic effects of conversion from cyclosporine to azathioprine in renal
      transplant recipients.
AB  - The metabolic effects of conversion from cyclosporine (Cys) to azathioprine were
      studied in 10 non-diabetic renal transplant recipients. Following conversion
      there was a significant improvement in renal function. There was no evidence of
      glucose intolerance pre-conversion, and no change in glucose metabolism following
      conversion. However, fasting cholesterol and triglyceride levels were
      significantly improved following conversion. The mechanism of this change and its
      significance needs further investigation.

PMID- 3887370
TI  - Thromboxane B2 and beta 2-microglobulin as early indicators of renal allograft
      rejection.
AB  - In a prospective study the diagnostic value of urinary thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and
      beta 2-microglobulin (beta MG) in renal allograft rejection was studied in 34
      patients after transplantation. Twenty-four episodes of rejection were diagnosed
      by clinical symptoms. The clinical diagnosis of rejection was confirmed by an
      increase of urinary TXB2 in 21 (88%) cases. The augmented renal excretion of TXB2
      proceded the clinical signs of rejection for 2.0 +/- 0.75 days. The symptoms in
      the remaining three (12%) cases of supposed allograft rejection without increased
      urinary TXB2 were caused by non-immunological events (urinary tract infection,
      acute tubular necrosis). No elevated TXB2 excretion was observed during urinary
      tract infection, sepsis, and acute tubular necrosis whereas urinary beta MG
      increased during these events as during transplant rejection. Urinary TXB2 was
      found to be an early, specific, and sensitive marker of renal allograft rejection
      with greater reliability than beta MG excretion or clinical signs of rejection.

PMID- 3887371
TI  - T cell subsets in renal transplanted patients defined by theophylline sensitivity
      and monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Peripheral T cell subsets were determined in 26 patients after renal
      transplantation. Thirteen patients were undergoing acute rejection episodes at
      the time of blood sampling. Two methods were used for the determinations: the
      theophylline sensitivity test (THST) and the monoclonal antibodies method OKT8
      and OKT4. In both rejecting and non-rejecting groups, the percentages of T
      suppressor lymphocytes (TS) was found to be higher by the OKT8 method than by the
      THST. Furthermore, no significant difference in TS percentages could be revealed
      by the OKT8 method between the two groups. However, with the THST the differences
      were significant with a mean value of 13.5 +/- 7.9 per cent in the rejecting
      group and 21 +/- 5.9 per cent in the non-rejecting group (p less than 0.01). The
      different results between the two methods could be attributed to the fact that by
      THST only TS cells are defined while the OKT8 conjugates also with cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes. The measuring of T helper cells (TH) revealed much higher
      percentages of TH in the rejecting group than in the non-rejecting group, 51 +/-
      9.5 per cent mean value and 29 +/- 13 per cent mean value, respectively (p less
      than 0.05). The ratio OKT4+/OKT8+ was below one in the non-rejecting group and
      above 1.5 in the rejecting group. We concluded that the THST as well as
      OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio may be a helpful laboratory test to confirm a clinically
      suspected acute rejection episode.

PMID- 3887372
TI  - Monitoring of NK-1 and NK-15 subsets and natural killer activity in kidney
      transplant recipients receiving cyclosporine.
AB  - NK-1, NK-15 subsets and natural killer (NK) activity were studied in 13 patients,
      before undergoing renal transplantation and in the post-transplant period.
      Pretransplant there was a significant reduction of NK activity with a defect in
      Vmax capacity in all patients. NK-1+ and NK-15+ cell number was normal or
      slightly increased in all subjects. Post-transplant evaluation under cyclosporine
      immunosuppression showed a quantitative reduction in NK cells while no changes in
      NK activity and killing activity have been seen. We conclude that in spite of a
      numerical decrease, NK activity was not affected by cyclosporine treatment.

PMID- 3887373
TI  - Combined report on regular dialysis and transplantation in Europe, XIV, 1983.

PMID- 3887374
TI  - Haemodialysis with prostacyclin (Epoprostenol) alone.
AB  - Dialysis with prostacyclin (Epoprostenol, PGI2) alone prevents platelet
      activation and endothelial cell stimulation but not the elevation of
      fibrinopeptide A (FPA), a sensitive marker of fibrin generation. The generation
      of FPA may explain why some patients develop clot in the dialysis circuit during
      PGI2-only dialysis. In combination with heparin, PGI2 augments the anticoagulant
      effect of the heparin as well as providing platelet protection.

PMID- 3887375
TI  - Early protein restriction in chronic renal failure.
AB  - We performed a prospective randomised trial in 199 patients with various stages
      of renal failure. Stratified for sex, age and renal insufficiency, 105 patients
      were assigned to a protein (Pr)-restricted group (0.4-0.6g/kg/BW), and 94 to a
      control group. Pr-restriction led to a significant reduction in the excretion of
      urea, phosphate and protein. Survival of renal function was significantly better
      in Pr-restricted patients. Median serum creatinine concentration increased in the
      control group (p less than 0.05), but remained stable in Pr-restricted patients.
      We conclude that Pr-restriction retards, or even halts the progression of chronic
      renal failure.

PMID- 3887376
TI  - Long-term outcome of renal function and proteinuria in kidney transplant donors.
AB  - Ten to eighteen years after donor uninephrectomy (UN) there was no evidence for
      deterioration of renal function. The mean urinary albumin excretion was slightly
      increased. There was a positive correlation between the assessed protein intake
      at investigation and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

PMID- 3887377
TI  - Renal function and blood pressure after donor nephrectomy.
AB  - Pre- and post-nephrectomy renal function and blood pressure were compared in 75
      subjects who had donated a kidney for transplantation during the past 20 years.
      The function of the remaining kidney was not adversely affected by prolonged
      compensatory hyperfiltration. However, an increased prevalence of hypertension
      was found in 'long-term' kidney donors.

PMID- 3887378
TI  - Results of transplantation of kidneys from diabetic donors.
AB  - Diabetic donors are still reluctantly accepted as potential organ donors because
      of supposed poor graft function caused by diabetic lesions. The results of
      transplantation of six kidneys from three donors with insulin dependent diabetes
      mellitus are reported. All three donors had a normal creatinine clearance and
      absence of proteinuria. Renal biopsies were taken. Five grafts are still
      functioning, six months to two years after transplantation with a mean creatinine
      clearance of 69ml/min (range 51-95). Three of five biopsies taken six months
      after transplantation showed marked decrease of the diabetic lesions. On the
      basis of these findings it seems justified to accept kidneys from diabetic donors
      for transplantation.

PMID- 3887379
TI  - Combined report on regular dialysis and transplantation of children in Europe,
      XIII, 1983.

PMID- 3887380
TI  - Aetiology and prognosis of de novo graft membranous nephropathy.
AB  - In order to investigate the aetiology and prognosis of de novo graft membranous
      nephropathy (DNGMN), we review 25 such cases observed among 1258 grafts.
      Coexistence of chronic rejection lesions and their parallel progression with
      DNGMN suggest that DNGMN may be part of the rejection process. DNGMN developed in
      12 per cent of HLA-identical living donor recipients vs only two per cent of both
      haplo-identical and cadaver donor recipients; in the latter group, all DNGMN
      patients had less than or equal to 2 HLA-AB mismatches. Graft survival after
      diagnosis of DNGMN is only 49 per cent at five years. We conclude that DNGMN is
      associated with chronic rejection, develops preferentially in well-matched grafts
      and carries a rather poor prognosis.

PMID- 3887381
TI  - Non-invasive assessment of the kidney. What do nuclear medicine, ultrasonography,
      digital vascular imaging, computed tomography and magnetic resonance contribute
      to diagnosis in nephrology?

PMID- 3887382
TI  - Aldosterone response to modulation of potassium in patients on dialysis or with
      essential hypertension.
AB  - This investigation demonstrates in patients with essential hypertension an
      abnormal response of the adrenal glands to modulation of potassium metabolism by
      infusion of insulin-glucose. Similar results have been reported in anephric
      patients, while the inverse response of non-nephrectomised patients on dialysis
      corresponded to that of normal subjects. It is suggested that the abnormal
      response of patients with essential hypertension may be of importance to the
      understanding of the pathogenesis of this important disease.

PMID- 3887383
TI  - Role of prostaglandins in captopril-induced natriuresis.
AB  - To determine whether prostaglandins (PG) contribute to captopril-induced
      natriuresis, 20 hypertensive subjects were assigned to one of the following three
      groups: group a, captopril (C) administration; group b, C + indomethacin (I);
      group c, I alone. Captopril was given in a dose of 100, 200, 400 mg/day and
      indomethacin in a dose of 100mg/day for one week. In group a (n = 10),
      natriuresis was clearly increased in the seven day periods with captopril in a
      dose of 200 and 400mg/day but not at 100mg/day. After captopril 200 or 400mg/day,
      but not 100mg/day, urinary PGE2 and PGI2 excretion significantly increased while
      filtration fraction fell due to a rise in renal plasma flow. Plasma aldosterone
      (PA) significantly decreased after C(p less than 0.05). In group b (n = 7),
      natriuresis disappeared during captopril 200 or 400mg/day and indomethacin
      administration even when PA decreased as in group a. In group c (n = 3),
      natriuresis was unchanged. In conclusion, natriuresis by C is critically
      dependent upon increased secretion of PG.

PMID- 3887384
TI  - The effects of d-propranolol and captopril on post-ischaemic acute renal failure
      in rats.
AB  - The effect of the combined therapy of d-propranolol and captopril was evaluated
      in post-ischaemic acute renal failure in rats. The glomerular filtration rate
      measured 24 hours after ischaemic insult in the animals receiving no drugs was 54
      +/- 11 microliter/min/100g body weight while in animals treated with the
      combination of d-propranolol and captopril it was 305 +/- 35 microliter/min/100g
      body weight (p less than 0.05). The precise mechanism of protection afforded by
      the combination therapy is not clear, but this approach could be useful in
      protecting the kidney from ischaemic damage.

PMID- 3887385
TI  - Studies on living related kidney donors at a single institution.

PMID- 3887386
TI  - Transfusion-induced enhancement of prostaglandin and thromboxane release in
      prospective kidney graft recipients.
AB  - Pre-transplant blood transfusions (BT) improve the survival of kidney grafts.
      Apart from specific immunoregulation by T suppressor cells or anti-idiotypic
      antibodies, the role of non-specific immunoregulatory factors, such as
      prostaglandins is being discussed as a possible mechanism for this effect. We
      studied the in vitro prostanoid release from peripheral mononuclear cells
      following three deliberate blood transfusions. Twenty-five previously non
      transfused dialysis patients were studied. Spontaneous and LPS-induced
      prostaglandin E (PGE) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) were determined in cell-free
      culture supernatants by fluid phase RIA. Transfused patients exhibited a more
      rapid onset and steeper increase of prostanoid production. After 24 hours
      incubation, the spontaneous and LPS-induced PGE release of pre- and post-BT cells
      was significantly different (pre-BT: 2.1 and 5.1 ng/ml; post-3-BT: 5.0 and 7.9
      ng/ml; p less than 0.01). Pre-BT cells released considerably lower amounts of
      TXB2 than post-BT cells (spontaneous release: 39 vs 88 ng/ml; LPS-induced
      release: 62 ng/ml vs 129 ng/ml; p less than 0.05). After correction for monocytes
      as defined by monoclonal antibodies, post-BT cells again showed increased
      prostanoid release as compared to pre-BT cells. Therefore, the enhanced PGE and
      TXB2 release of post-BT cells is not caused by an increase merely in the number
      of monocytes. Rather, BT appear to induce an enhanced release of prostanoids by
      activation of monocytes. We also found a correlation between the number of BT and
      the amount of prostanoid release.

PMID- 3887387
TI  - Polycythaemia is erythropoietin-independent after renal transplantation.
AB  - Serum erythropoietin increased in 55 patients after transplantation. The serum
      erythropoietin decreased when the haematocrit and haemoglobin reached high
      levels, indicating recovery of a feed-back control system. Despite the diminution
      of erythropoietin, six patients demonstrated a state of erythrocytosis while the
      in vitro cultures of BFU-e revealed high sensitivity to the reduced doses of
      erythropoietin, using monocyte-free T-lymphocyte-depleted peripheral blood. In
      polycythaemic transplanted patients it is possible that cellular interactions
      stimulate an early hyperproliferation of BFR-e with a greater erythropoietin
      sensitivity and a partial capacity to grow in the absence of erythropoietin.

PMID- 3887388
TI  - Kidney transplantation in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - In the 45 months from April 1980 to December 1983, 137 patients received first
      cadaver kidney grafts. Thirty-two of the patients were on continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis (CAPD group) and 105 were on haemodialysis (HD group). The
      two groups of patients were similar in respect to pre-transplant blood
      transfusions, mean age, HLA-A, B, DR matching and immunosuppressive therapy. In
      14 CAPD patients at least one episode of peritonitis was documented before
      transplantation. The actuarial graft and patient survival was 57 per cent and
      84.4 per cent, respectively for the CAPD group and 55.8 per cent and 85.3 per
      cent in the HD group. No patient in either group had evidence of peritonitis
      after the transplantation. These similar results indicate that kidney
      transplantation in CAPD patients carries no greater risk than in patients on
      haemodialysis.

PMID- 3887389
TI  - Impaired fibrinolysis after kidney transplantation.
AB  - Impaired fibrinolysis is associated with low plasma plasminogen (PLG) and a
      predominance of its inhibitor alpha 2-antiplasmin (APL). Plasma PLG and APL were
      determined in 10 recipients who retained their cadaveric graft (A) and 10
      patients who lost it immediately after transplantation (B). In group A only five
      patients had a PLG less than 70 per cent and/or APL/PLG ratios exceeding 1.8,
      accompanied by severe albeit reversible acute rejection in three of them. In
      contrast nine of 10 group B patients had low PLG and/or an elevated APL/PLG
      ratio. Thus impaired fibrinolysis frequently appears to be associated with
      deterioration of cadaveric graft function.

PMID- 3887390
TI  - Rejection and nephrotoxicity. Diagnostic problems with cyclosporine in renal
      transplantation.

PMID- 3887391
TI  - Clinical results and cyclosporine effect on prednisolone metabolism of cadaver
      kidney transplanted patients.
AB  - In the first randomised study of cyclosporine in Denmark 43 cadaveric kidney
      recipients were treated either with cyclosporine (Cys) and prednisone or
      azathioprine (Aza) and prednisone. The degradation of prednisolone was examined
      in 18 of these patients. The 12 month graft survival of the Cys group was not
      significantly greater than that of the Aza group (68% and 60%, respectively), but
      fewer rejection episodes occurred in the Cys group (p less than 0.05). The
      degradation of prednisolone was significantly decreased in the Cys group compared
      to the Aza group. Accordingly, plasma half-lives of prednisolone were increased
      in the Cys group compared with the Aza group. As a decreased degradation of
      prednisolone during Cys treatment may lead to increased steroid activity, we
      recommend that a reduction of the prednisone dosage during Cys treatment is safe.

PMID- 3887392
TI  - Does cyclosporine inhibit renal prostaglandin synthesis?
AB  - Urinary PGE2 excretion was measured in female renal allograft recipients being
      treated either with prednisolone and cyclosporine (Cys) or with prednisolone and
      azathioprine. The mean urinary PGE2 excretion in patients on Cys of 940 pmol/4 hr
      was lower than in patients on prednisolone and azathioprine (2033 pmol/4 hr)
      although the difference did not achieve statistical significance. These data are
      consistent with the hypothesis that Cys inhibits renal prostaglandin synthesis.

PMID- 3887393
TI  - Comparison of three immunosuppressive regimens in kidney transplantation: a
      single-centre randomised study.
AB  - Three immunosuppressive regimens have been compared: conventional treatment
      including anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) (32 patients) with cyclosporine (Cys)
      alone (21 patients), sequential combination of ATG with Cys (35 patients).
      Actuarial graft survivals were: ATG 73 per cent, Cys alone 88 per cent at nine
      months and ATG/Cys 92 per cent at one to two years. Transplant function was
      significantly worse with Cys as initial treatment compared with that in controls,
      while it was similar with ATG/Cys. The Cys dose used was low and no severe
      infection nor immunoglobulin abnormalities were noticed. Corticosteroids were
      withdrawn with both Cys protocols, except for rejection treatment.

PMID- 3887394
TI  - Improvement in cyclosporine handling by anti-lymphocyte globulin in the early
      post-operative period.
AB  - The value of prophylactic anti-lymphocyte globulin (ALG) treatment after
      transplantation was examined in a prospectively randomised study. The control
      group was treated with azathioprine and steroids only. In a third group
      prophylactic ALG combined with azathioprine and steroids was given for 8.7 +/-
      2.25 days after transplantation and was then replaced by cyclosporine and
      steroids. Renal graft survival rates could be improved if the conventional
      immunosuppression was accompanied by ALG prophylaxis. However, additional
      cyclosporine treatment proved to be desirable since in this way the number of
      early acute rejection episodes could be further reduced.

PMID- 3887395
TI  - The use of cyclosporine only in cadaveric renal transplant recipients: conversion
      to prednisolone and azathioprine after four months.
AB  - After conversion from cyclosporine (Cys) only to prednisolone and azathioprine
      four months after cadaveric renal transplantation, effective renal plasma flow
      (ERPF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and filtration fraction (FF) all
      improve. However, this improvement is not uniform. GFR and FF improve in all
      patients after one week of combined Cys and prednisolone treatment. ERPF improves
      under the same circumstances only in recipients without previous rejection
      episodes. After discontinuation of Cys and addition of azathioprine ERPF improves
      further in all patients. These findings suggest the presence of a low grade
      rejection, together with Cys nephrotoxicity. The conversion procedure seems to be
      safe at least during a follow-up period of 9-14 months.

PMID- 3887396
TI  - Conversion from cyclosporine to prednisolone and azathioprine. Safe or unsafe?
AB  - Out of 58 consecutive cadaveric renal allograft recipients whose initial
      immunosuppression was cyclosporine (Cys) and prednisolone, 18 were converted to
      prednisolone and azathioprine. Of these all four patients converted because of
      rejection lost their grafts. Renal function improved in seven patients converted
      because of nephrotoxicity and in six out of seven patients converted for
      miscellaneous reasons. Out of five patients converted electively at three months,
      one died of infection and three developed acute rejection episodes.

PMID- 3887397
TI  - Active site of triosephosphate isomerase: in vitro mutagenesis and
      characterization of an altered enzyme.
AB  - We have replaced the glutamic acid-165 at the active site of chicken
      triosephosphate isomerase with an aspartic acid residue using site-directed
      mutagenesis. Expression of the mutant protein in a strain of Escherichia coli
      that lacks the bacterial isomerase results in a complementation phenotype that is
      intermediate between strains that have no isomerase and strains that produce
      either the wild-type chicken enzyme or the native E. coli isomerase. The value of
      kcat for the purified mutant enzyme when glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is the
      substrate is 1/1500th that of the wild-type enzyme, and the Km is decreased by a
      factor of 3.6. With dihydroxyacetone phosphate as substrate, the kcat value is
      1/240th that of the wild-type enzyme, and Km is 2 times higher. The value of Ki
      for a competitive inhibitor, phosphoglycolate, is the same for the mutant and
      wild-type enzymes, at 2 X 10(-5) M. By treating the enzyme-catalyzed
      isomerization as a simple three step process and assuming that substrate binding
      is diffusion limited, it is evident that the mutation of glutamic acid-165 to
      aspartic acid principally affects the free energy of the transition state(s) for
      the catalytic reaction itself.

PMID- 3887398
TI  - Deletions within a hinge region of a specific DNA-binding protein.
AB  - Many proteins are organized as a set of compact functional domains connected by
      flexible, exposed segments of the polypeptide chain. To study one of these
      connector regions, we isolated a series of functional in-frame deletions in the
      central portion of a specific DNA-binding protein, the LexA repressor of
      Escherichia coli. These mutant proteins fell into two main classes: those with
      small deletions of two to eight amino acids functioned as repressor about as well
      as did wild type, while those with large deletions of 17-22 amino acids
      functioned well only at considerably higher concentrations. The mutant proteins
      were resistant to the specific cleavage reaction that triggers the SOS response.
      These data suggest that the conformation of the hinge region in LexA protein is
      important for cleavage. By contrast, the hinge plays a topological role in
      repressor function, connecting the two functional halves of the protein; in the
      SOS response, this function of the hinge is inactivated by cleavage, leading to
      inactivation of the repressor.

PMID- 3887399
TI  - UGA is read as tryptophan in Mycoplasma capricolum.
AB  - UGA is a nonsense or termination (opal) codon throughout prokaryotes and
      eukaryotes. However, mitochondria use not only UGG but also UGA as a tryptophan
      codon. Here, we show that UGA also codes for tryptophan in Mycoplasma capricolum,
      a wall-less bacterium having a genome only 20-25% the size of the Escherichia
      coli genome. This conclusion is based on the following evidence. First, the
      nucleotide sequence of the S3 and L16 ribosomal protein genes from M. capricolum
      includes UGA codons in the reading frames; they appear at positions corresponding
      to tryptophan in E. coli S3 and L16. Second, a tRNATrp gene and its product tRNA
      found in M. capricolum have the anticodon sequence 5' U-C-A 3', which can form a
      complementary base-pairing interaction with UGA.

PMID- 3887400
TI  - Site-specifically modified oligodeoxyribonucleotides as templates for Escherichia
      coli DNA polymerase I.
AB  - Oligodeoxyribonucleotides with site-specific modifications have been used as
      substrates for Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I holoenzyme and Klenow fragment.
      Modifications included the bulky guanine-8-aminofluorene adduct and a guanine
      oxidation product resembling the product of photosensitized DNA oxidation. By a
      combination of primers and "nick-mers", conditions of single-strand-directed DNA
      synthesis and nick-translation could be created. Our results show that the
      polymerase can bypass both types of lesions. Bypass occurs on a single-stranded
      template but is facilitated on a nicked, double-stranded template. Only purines,
      with guanine more favored than adenine, are incorporated across both lesions.
      Hesitation during bypass could not be detected. The results indicate that site
      specifically modified oligonucleotides can be sensitive probes for the action of
      polymerases on damaged templates. They also suggest a function for polymerase I,
      in its nick-translation capacity, during DNA repair and mutagenesis.

PMID- 3887401
TI  - Expression in Escherichia coli of a fusion protein product containing a region of
      the adenovirus DNA polymerase.
AB  - The bulk of an open reading frame extending from map coordinates 23.3 to 14.2 in
      region E2b of the adenoviral genome has been cloned and expressed from a chimeric
      plasmid in Escherichia coli. The cloning strategy used created a fusion protein
      of 124,000 daltons, which contained greater than 98% adenovirus-encoded
      sequences. Antiserum raised against this protein reacted with the authentic
      140,000-dalton adenovirus DNA polymerase. Another serum raised against a
      synthetic hexapeptide whose sequence corresponded to the predicted carboxyl
      terminus of adenovirus-encoded DNA polymerase also reacted with the fusion
      protein and authentic adenovirus DNA polymerase. These results demonstrate that
      the cloned region of DNA encodes the adenovirus DNA polymerase.

PMID- 3887402
TI  - Metabolically activated steviol, the aglycone of stevioside, is mutagenic.
AB  - Stevioside, a constituent of Stevia rebaudiana, is commonly used as a noncaloric
      sugar substitute in Japan. Consistent with reports in the literature, we have
      found that stevioside is not mutagenic as judged by utilization of Salmonella
      typhimurium strain TM677, either in the presence or in the absence of a metabolic
      activating system. Similar negative results were obtained with several
      structurally related sweet-tasting glycosides. However, steviol, the aglycone of
      stevioside, was found to be highly mutagenic when evaluated in the presence of a
      9000 X g supernatant fraction derived from the livers of Aroclor 1254-pretreated
      rats. Expression of mutagenic activity was dependent on both pretreatment of the
      rats with Aroclor 1254 and addition of NADPH; unmetabolized steviol was not
      active. The structurally related species, isosteviol, was not active regardless
      of metabolic activation. Similarly, chemical reduction of the unsaturated bond
      linking the carbon-16 and -17 positions of steviol resulted in the generation of
      two isomeric products, dihydrosteviol A and B, that were not mutagenic. In
      addition, ent-kaurenoic acid was found to be inactive. It is therefore clear that
      a metabolite of an integral component of stevioside is mutagenic; structural
      features of requisite importance for the expression of mutagenic activity include
      a hydroxy group at position 13 and an unsaturated bond joining the carbon atoms
      at positions 16 and 17. A potential metabolite of steviol, steviol-16 alpha,17
      epoxide, was synthesized chemically and found to be ineffective as a direct
      acting mutagen. Thus, although stevioside itself appears innocuous, it would seem
      prudent to expeditiously and unequivocally establish the human metabolic
      disposition of this substance.

PMID- 3887403
TI  - Rationale for bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of autoimmune
      diseases.
AB  - Transplantation of normal bone marrow from C3H/HeN nu/nu (H-2k) mice into young
      MRL/MP-lpr/lpr (MRL/l; H-2k) mice (less than 1.5 mo) prevented the development of
      autoimmune diseases and characteristic thymic abnormalities in the recipient
      mice. When female MRL/1 (greater than 2 mo) or male BXSB (H-2b) mice (9 mo) with
      autoimmune diseases and lymphadenopathy were lethally irradiated and then
      reconstituted with allogeneic bone marrow cells from young BALB/c nu/nu (H-2d)
      mice (less than 2 mo), the recipients survived for more than 3 mo after the bone
      marrow transplantation and showed no graft-versus-host reaction.
      Histopathological study revealed that lymphadenopathy disappeared and that all
      evidence of autoimmune disease either was prevented from developing or was
      completely corrected even after its development in such mice. All abnormal T-cell
      functions were restored to normal. The newly developed T cells were found to be
      tolerant of both bone marrow donor-type (BALB/c) and host-type (MRL/1 or BXSB)
      major histocompatibility complex (MHC) determinants. Therefore, T-cell
      dysfunction in autoimmune-prone mice can be associated with both the
      involutionary changes that occur in the thymus of the autoimmune-prone mice and
      also to abnormalities that reside in the stem cells. However, normal stem cells
      from BALB/c nu/nu donors can differentiate into normal functional T cells even in
      mice whose thymus had undergone considerable involution, as in the case of BXSB
      or MRL/1 mice in the present studies. These findings suggest that marrow
      transplantation may be a strategy ultimately to be considered as an approach to
      treatment of life-threatening autoimmune diseases in humans. T-cell dysfunction
      in autoimmune-prone mice previously attributed to involutionary changes that
      occur in the thymus of these mice may instead be attributed to abnormalities that
      basically reside in the stem cells of the autoimmune-prone mice.

PMID- 3887404
TI  - Selective enhancement of the expression of granulocyte functional antigens 1 and
      2 on human neutrophils.
AB  - The regulation of expression of two human granulocyte functional antigens (GFA-1
      and GFA-2) was examined. N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fMet-Leu-Phe)
      caused a rapid, dose-dependent enhancement of the expression of these antigens, 2
      to 4-fold within 30 min, but not of another surface structure, beta 2
      microglobulin. Pretreatment of the cells with cytochalasin B at 5 micrograms/ml
      further enhanced the effect of fMet-Leu-Phe on the expression of GFA-2, raising
      its surface expression 11-fold. Lipopolysaccharide also stimulated the expression
      of GFA-1 and GFA-2. The effect of lipopolysaccharide was less than that of fMet
      Leu-Phe and was more marked on GFA-1 than on GFA-2. Pretreatment of neutrophils
      with fMet-Leu-Phe not only stimulated their cytotoxic activity against antibody
      coated target cells but also increased their capacity to be stimulated by
      monoclonal antibodies to GFA-1 and GFA-2. These findings show that the expression
      of functional surface structures on human neutrophils is subject to rapid and
      selective regulation.

PMID- 3887405
TI  - Bone marrow engraftment efficiency is enhanced by competitive inhibition of the
      hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor.
AB  - The efficiency of pluripotent stem cell engraftment following bone marrow
      transplantation is predicated upon many poorly understood factors. These include
      the processes by which intravenously injected stem cells circulate and localize
      in microenvironments that contain the stromal elements necessary to facilitate
      their continued proliferation. We have recently established that lymphoid cells
      that bind the lectin peanut agglutinin are subject to prolonged sequestration
      following their interaction with the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor. Since
      bone marrow stem cells are also known to bind peanut agglutinin, we hypothesized
      that the physiologic function of the asialoglycoprotein receptor might
      significantly impair their ability to localize in anatomic sites where they are
      able to proliferate. Competitive inhibition with asialoglycoproteins was employed
      to establish a temporary receptor blockade during the initial 3-4 hr after
      transplantation. This procedure resulted in a 5- to 10-fold increase in splenic
      hematopoietic colony formation. Our findings suggest that inhibition of the liver
      asialoglycoprotein receptor during murine bone marrow transplantation results in
      more efficient stem cell localization to hematopoietic-inducing
      microenvironments. This enhancement in engraftment efficiency was paralleled by a
      more rapid recovery of peripheral blood leukocyte and platelet counts, an
      increase in megakaryocytic colony formation, as well as increased recipient
      survival. Techniques designed to inhibit the liver sequestration of bone marrow
      stem cells may have direct applicability to human bone marrow transplantation
      procedures.

PMID- 3887406
TI  - Expression of Plasmodium falciparum surface antigens in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The asexual blood stages of the human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum
      produce many antigens, only some of which are important for protective immunity.
      Most of the putative protective antigens are believed to be expressed in
      schizonts and merozoites, the late stages of the asexual cycle. With the aim of
      cloning and characterizing genes for important parasite antigens, we used late
      stage P. falciparum mRNA to construct a library of cDNA sequences inserted in the
      Escherichia coli expression vector pUC8. Nine thousand clones from the expression
      library were immunologically screened in situ with serum from Aotus monkeys
      immune to P. falciparum, and 95 clones expressing parasite antigens were
      identified. Mice were immunized with lysates from 49 of the bacterial clones that
      reacted with Aotus sera, and the mouse sera were tested for their reactivity with
      parasite antigens by indirect immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and
      immunoblotting assays. Several different P. falciparum antigens were identified
      by these assays. Indirect immunofluorescence studies of extracellular merozoites
      showed that three of these antigens appear to be located on the merozoite
      surface. Thus, we have identified cDNA clones to three different P. falciparum
      antigens that may be important in protective immunity.

PMID- 3887407
TI  - A chemically cleavable biotinylated nucleotide: usefulness in the recovery of
      protein-DNA complexes from avidin affinity columns.
AB  - A biotinylated nucleotide analog containing a disulfide bond in the 12-atom
      linker joining biotin to the C-5 of the pyrimidine ring has been synthesized.
      This analog, Bio-SS-dUTP, is an efficient substrate for Escherichia coli DNA
      polymerase I. Bio-SS-dUTP supported DNA synthesis in a standard nick-translation
      reaction at 35%-40% the rate of an equal concentration of the normal nucleotide,
      TTP. DNA containing this analog was bound to an avidin-agarose affinity column
      and subsequently eluted after reduction of the disulfide bond by dithiothreitol.
      The ability to recover biotinylated DNA from an avidin affinity column under
      nondenaturing conditions should prove useful in the isolation of specific protein
      DNA complexes. As a demonstration of this approach, Bio-SS-DNA was reconstituted
      with histones to form 11S monomer nucleosomes. Bio-SS-nucleosomes were shown to
      selectively bind to avidin-agarose. Ninety percent of the bound Bio-SS
      nucleosomes were recovered from the affinity column by elution with buffer
      containing 50-500 mM dithiothreitol. The recovered nucleosomes were shown to be
      intact 11S particles as judged by velocity sedimentation in a sucrose gradient.
      This approach may prove to be generally useful in the isolation of protein-DNA
      complexes in a form suitable for further analysis of their native unperturbed
      structure.

PMID- 3887408
TI  - Consensus sequence for Escherichia coli heat shock gene promoters.
AB  - We have identified promoters for the Escherichia coli heat shock operons dnaK and
      groE and the gene encoding heat shock protein C62.5. Transcription from each
      promoter is heat-inducible in vivo, and each is recognized in vitro by RNA
      polymerase containing sigma 32, the sigma factor encoded by rpoH (htpR) but not
      by RNA polymerase containing sigma 70. We compared the sequences of the heat
      shock promoters and propose a consensus promoter sequence, having T-N-t-C-N-C-c-C
      T-T-G-A-A in the -35 region and C-C-C-C-A-T-t-T-a in the -10 region. These
      sequences differ from the consensus sequence recognized by holoenzyme containing
      sigma 70, the major sigma in E. coli. We suggest that the accumulated consensus
      sequences of promoters recognized by alternate forms of holoenzyme are compatible
      with a model in which sigma recognizes only the -10 region of the promoter.

PMID- 3887409
TI  - Active site and complete sequence of the suicidal methyltransferase that counters
      alkylation mutagenesis.
AB  - The inducible resistance to alkylation mutagenesis and killing in Escherichia
      coli (the adaptive response) is controlled by the ada gene. The Ada protein acts
      both as a positive regulator of the response and as a DNA repair enzyme,
      correcting premutagenic O6-alkylguanine in DNA by suicidal transfer of the alkyl
      group to one of its own cysteine residues. We have determined the DNA sequence of
      the cloned ada+ gene and its regulatory region. The data reveal potential sites
      of ada autoregulation. Amino acid sequence determinations show that the active
      center for the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase is located close to the
      polypeptide COOH terminus and has the unusual sequence -Pro-Cys-His-, preceded by
      a very hydrophobic region. These same structural features are present at the
      active site of thymidylate synthase, suggesting a common chemical mechanism for
      activation of the cysteine.

PMID- 3887410
TI  - Incorporation of cellular and plasma fibronectins into smooth muscle cell
      extracellular matrix in vitro.
AB  - Fibronectins isolated from the conditioned medium produced by cultures of
      undifferentiated (monolayer) and differentiated (nodular) swine vascular smooth
      muscle cells are similar but not identical. In general, the nodular-cell
      fibronectin has a smaller molecular mass than monolayer-cell fibronectin and
      appears to lack the COOH-terminal interchain disulfide linkage. We studied the
      incorporation of cellular and plasma fibronectins into the cell layer. Smooth
      muscle cells bound 2.5 times more monolayer-cell fibronectin than nodular-cell
      fibronectin. Polypeptide fragments of human plasma fibronectin were used as a
      model system to investigate fibronectin incorporation into the cell layer. Only
      intact molecules were incorporated into the cell layer and subsequently organized
      into fibers. Polypeptide fragments of molecular mass 205 kDa and 185 kDa were not
      incorporated even though they retained the collagen-, cell-, and heparin-binding
      regions. Incorporation appears to require an activity associated with either the
      NH2-terminal or COOH-terminal domains. We propose that fibronectin activity is
      lost during differentiation of smooth muscle cells.

PMID- 3887411
TI  - Susceptibility of human malaria parasites to chloroquine is pH dependent.
AB  - Chloroquine (CQ) accumulates in the acidic food vacuole of intraerythrocytic
      malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum) by virtue of its weak base properties.
      In the present work, the extent of CQ accumulation was determined by the
      transvacuolar pH gradient: modification of the latter--either by changing the
      external pH or by adding the acidotropic agent NH4Cl--led to a corresponding
      change in CQ distribution between cells and medium. Changes in pH gradient
      provoked a change in the susceptibility of parasites to CQ: at external pH values
      of 8.0, 7.4, and 6.8, the IC50 values for CQ were 0.48 X 10(-7) M, 1.8 X 10(-7)
      M, and 3.3 X 10(-7) M, respectively. Marked resistance to CQ (IC50 = 9.8 X 10(-7)
      M) was conferred upon cells by exposing them simultaneously to CQ and 10 mM
      NH4Cl, at pH 7.4. The final concentration of CQ attained within the acidic
      compartment of the parasite was correlated with inhibition of parasite growth. At
      therapeutic drug levels, CQ accumulation caused minor changes in the food vacuole
      pH, whereas at higher CQ concentrations substantial alkalinization was observed.
      The antimalarial activity of CQ is suggested to be exerted by the interference of
      the high concentrations of the accumulated drug with vital functions of the food
      vacuole.

PMID- 3887413
TI  - Retraction: Prolactin induces release of a factor from membranes capable of
      stimulating beta-casein gene transcription in isolated mammary cell nuclei.

PMID- 3887412
TI  - Molecular analysis of an EL4 cell line that expresses H-2Db but not H-2Kb or beta
      2-microglobulin.
AB  - EL4/Mar is a variant cell line that expresses H-2Db but neither H-2Kb nor beta 2
      microglobulin (beta 2m). Southern and RNA blot analysis and immunoprecipitation
      of metabolically labeled proteins established that the B2m gene(s), beta 2m mRNA,
      and beta 2m protein are normal in this cell line. Somatic cell hybridization
      showed that the defect in this cell line was in the synthesis of H-2Kb, and RNA
      blot analysis with an H-2Kb specific oligonucleotide established that the H-2Kb
      gene(s) in this cell line was not transcribed into a stable mRNA species. The
      apparent absence of beta 2m on the surface of this cell line suggests that there
      may be some feature of the H-2Db molecule that allows it to be expressed in the
      absence of detectable beta 2m.

PMID- 3887415
TI  - Inhibition of ascorbic acid uptake by endotoxin: evidence of mediation by serum
      factor(s).
AB  - The effect of bacterial endotoxin on the ascorbic acid uptake by 3T6 fibroblasts
      was studied. Endotoxin inhibited ascorbic acid uptake by fibroblasts in a dose
      dependent manner. The inhibition by endotoxin takes place only in the presence of
      unheated serum; decomplementing serum by heat inactivation at 56 degrees C for 30
      minutes eliminates endotoxin's inhibitory effect on ascorbic acid uptake. The
      effect of endotoxin appears to be instantaneous since the inhibition seen in the
      cells without any preexposure was similar to the cells preexposed to endotoxin
      for up to 6 hours. Polymyxin B sulfate which is known to bind the lipid A portion
      of endotoxin did not reverse the inhibition of ascorbic acid uptake caused by
      endotoxin.

PMID- 3887414
TI  - Effects of diabetes on the dietary lipid alteration of R3230AC mammary carcinoma
      growth in rats.
AB  - To examine the effects of diabetes on the alteration of R3230AC mammary tumor
      growth by dietary lipids, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were fed diets
      containing either 20% corn oil (HF), 20% hydrogenated cottonseed oil (HCTO), or
      0% fat (FF). Diabetes resulted in lower tumor weights and body weights compared
      to those of intact animals. Unlike intact animals, relative tumor weight (g
      tumor/100 g body wt) of diabetic animals fed HF diets were not greater than those
      from animals fed FF diets. However, in these diabetic animals, growth of tumors
      in HF-fed rats was faster than in HCTO-fed rats, a relationship similar to that
      seen in intact rats. A surprising result was the almost twofold greater tumor
      weight/100 g body wt observed in diabetic FF-fed rats compared to those fed HCTO
      diets. Insulin binding to tumor plasma membranes from diabetic animals was higher
      in rats fed HF diets than in rats fed FF or HCTO diets. The tumor plasma membrane
      fatty acid composition of diabetic rats fed FF and HCTO diets displayed higher
      proportions of the monounsaturates (C18:1 and C21:1) and decreased amounts of the
      polyunsaturates (C18:2 and C20:4) compared to the levels observed in membranes
      from HF-fed rats. These results, as well as the insulin binding data, were
      similar to those obtained using intact animals. The data presented here indicate
      that the more rapid growth of the R3230AC mammary tumor seen in intact animals
      fed high polyunsaturated fat vs fat-free diets did not occur in diabetic animals.

PMID- 3887416
TI  - Effect of prolonged renal dysfunction on intravascular and extravascular
      pulmonary fluid volumes during left atrial hypertension.
AB  - To examine the development of pulmonary edema during experimental renal
      dysfunction, left atrial pressure was altered in 14 mongrel dogs divided into two
      groups. Group 1 was composed of seven control animals, and Group 2 was composed
      of seven animals with surgically induced renal failure (1 week of bilateral
      ureteral ligation). Data were obtained at two levels of matched transmural
      pulmonary vascular pressure (defined as mean left atrial pressure less serum
      protein osmotic pressure). In the animals with renal dysfunction, extravascular
      lung water (EVLW) (thermal-green dye technique) was higher at moderately (-1 to 
      2 mm Hg) and severely elevated (11 to 12 mm Hg) vascular driving pressures (11.5
      +/- 1.2 cc/kg vs 10.6 +/- 0.8 cc/kg and 14.8 +/- 1.3 cc/kg vs 13.0 +/- 1.9 cc/kg,
      respectively, both P less than 0.05 vs control). Because protein osmotic pressure
      was lower in the renal failure group (15.0 +/- 1.8 mm Hg vs 18.4 +/- 1.4 mm Hg, P
      less than 0.05), greater accumulations of extravascular lung water occurred at
      lower levels of left atrial pressure (14.2 +/- 1.4 mm Hg vs 17.1 +/- 1.2 mm Hg, P
      less than 0.05; 26.8 +/- 2.6 mm Hg vs 29.5 +/- 2.3 mm Hg, P less than 0.01). In
      addition, when the ratio of EVLW/PBV (pulmonary blood volume) was examined in
      both groups at each stage of the experiment, the ratio was greater in the Group 2
      animals at each elevated pressure, suggesting increased permeability with renal
      dysfunction. In conclusion, pulmonary edema formation occurs at lower left atrial
      pressures in the setting of sustained renal dysfunction, this phenomenon can be
      partially explained by lower protein osmotic pressure though altered pulmonary
      microvascular permeability may contribute to edema formation.

PMID- 3887417
TI  - Renin release from nonclipped kidneys of 2K-1C hypertensive rats.
AB  - This study examined renin release and renal function of the nonclipped kidney of
      2K-1C rats (HYPER) with hypertension of 3 to 4 weeks duration. Kidneys from
      uninephrectomized rats (UN) served as controls. The kidneys were removed and
      perfused in vitro and renin release was compared under basal conditions and then
      under stimulated conditions using (a) a 50 mm Hg reduction in perfusion pressure
      (LP), (b) beta-receptor stimulation with isoproterenol (ISOP), or (c) perfusion
      with a low calcium solution (LCa). Basal perfusate flow, glomerular filtration
      rate, urine flow, sodium excretion, and basal renin release were all lower in
      HYPER kidneys than UN kidneys. UN kidneys showed striking increases in renin
      release with all three stimuli employed. HYPER kidneys showed a significant but
      attenuated response to ISOP and showed no detectable response to LP or LCa. Renin
      content of HYPER kidneys was found to be 28% of the renin content of UN kidneys.
      The results show that chronic hypertension leads to increased renal vascular
      resistance, reduced glomerular filtration, and reduced solute excretion in the
      nonclipped kidney. The results suggest that a reduction in renin content plays a
      major role in the reduced rates of basal renin release and the attenuated renin
      responses to a number of stimuli observed in this experimental model.

PMID- 3887418
TI  - Elimination of mycoplasma contaminants from cell cultures with animal serum.
AB  - Repeated treatment with guinea pig or rabbit serum, but not with human serum, was
      found to eliminate mycoplasma contaminants from mammalian cell cultures as judged
      by staining with the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33258. Following treatment with
      rabbit serum and several passages, M. hyorhinis could not be detected by
      staining, isolation on agar, or specific immunofluorescence in a human prostate
      carcinoma cell line heavily contaminated with this organism. There was no
      evidence for the involvement of antimycoplasma antibodies in the bactericidal
      activity of rabbit serum. Mycoplasmacidal activity of rabbit serum was associated
      with a heat-labile component(s) which could be inactivated by incubation of the
      serum with goat antirabbit complement component C3.

PMID- 3887419
TI  - Bronchial response to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in asthmatic patients.

PMID- 3887420
TI  - Role in inflammation of glucocorticoid-induced phospholipase inhibitory proteins.

PMID- 3887421
TI  - Drugs and chemicals that act on the central nervous system: interpretation of
      experimental evidence.
AB  - The growing experimental evidence that early developmental exposure to centrally
      acting drugs (particularly during a period of development defined by the presence
      of appropriate receptors) can induce persisting neural and functional alterations
      in the offspring necessitates a careful evaluation of this literature with
      respect to its relevancy to humans. The experimental evidence suggests that
      functional alterations will be selective and defined by the neurochemical anatomy
      of the specific sites upon which the drugs act. Additionally, functional
      alterations may not be expressed until well into childhood or later. A major
      problem consequent to prenatal drug exposure may be a difficulty for the organism
      to meet specific challenges. Such information should guide future clinical
      investigations.

PMID- 3887422
TI  - The analysis of immunohistological preparations using computer-assisted image
      processing.

PMID- 3887423
TI  - Ultraviolet radiation-induced derepression of the lactose operon of E. coli: in
      vitro studies.

PMID- 3887424
TI  - Electrostatic recognition in proteins.

PMID- 3887425
TI  - Merocyanine 540-mediated photosensitization of leukemia and solid tumor cells.

PMID- 3887426
TI  - The use of liposomes as carriers of therapeutic agents.
AB  - Adriamycin (Doxorubicin) is an important chemotherapeutic agent, but is limited
      in its clinical usefulness by dose-related cardiomyopathy. Attempts are being
      made to reduce this toxicity while retaining anti-tumor activity. These include
      development of chemically modified anthracycline derivatives and coupling of
      adriamycin to or into macromolecular carriers. We and several other laboratories
      have shown that entrapment of adriamycin in liposomes (phospholipid vesicles) can
      reduce toxicity while retaining or, in some cases, enhancing anti-tumor activity.
      Here we report further results of experiments in mice on toxicity reduction and
      anti-tumor activity. Approximate maximum tolerated doses (MTD) of adriamycin were
      determined from normal mouse survival at 240 days after initial treatment. I.V.
      bolus injection of liposomal-adriamycin was superior to i.v. bolus or i.v.
      infusion of free drug after a single injection, 5 daily injections or 5 biweekly
      (every 2 weeks) injections. Using L1210 tumor as a model for systemic leukemia,
      liposomal adriamycin was as effective as free adriamycin at equal doses, however
      liposomal-adriamycin was more effective at MTD. M5076 tumor was used as a limited
      model for comparisons of the effects of liposomal-adriamycin on "primary" and
      "metastatic" disease. The results showed that whereas free and liposomal
      adriamycin were without significant effect on "primary", subcutaneous tumor, that
      liposomal adriamycin, but not free adriamycin had very strong effects on liver
      "metastases". The results suggest that liposomally administered drugs, including
      adriamycin, may have utility for treatment of certain types of cancer and for
      metastases in organs where liposomes accumulate. Where improved anti-tumor
      activity is coupled with toxicity reduction and simplicity of administration,
      liposomal administration could be a useful method of drug delivery.

PMID- 3887427
TI  - Expression of the N-ras oncogene in tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic HT 1080
      fibrosarcoma X normal human fibroblast hybrid cells.

PMID- 3887428
TI  - Chromosome abnormalities, gene amplification, and tumor progression.

PMID- 3887429
TI  - Depletion of neuroblastoma cells from bone marrow with monoclonal antibodies and
      magnetic immunobeads.

PMID- 3887430
TI  - Anti-neuroblastoma monoclonal antibodies which do not bind to bone marrow cells.
AB  - Three previously unreported mouse monoclonal antibodies are described. All three
      bind to cultured human neuroblastoma cells from six of six cell lines, but do not
      detectably bind to human bone marrow cells. The two IgG2a monoclonal antibodies
      bind to greater than 98% of the cultured cells from each cell line, bind to six
      of six human neuroblastoma tumors by immunoperoxidase histochemistry, and are
      cytotoxic with complement to cultured human neuroblastoma cells but not to human
      bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells.

PMID- 3887431
TI  - Metastatic neuroblastoma managed by supralethal therapy and bone marrow
      reconstitution (BMRc). Results of a four-institution Children's Cancer Study
      Group pilot study.

PMID- 3887432
TI  - Treatment of advanced neuroblastoma with two consecutive high-dose chemotherapy
      regimens and ABMT.

PMID- 3887433
TI  - Autologous bone marrow transplantation for very bad prognosis neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3887434
TI  - The prostacyclin synthesis stimulating plasma factor is unchanged during acute
      angina pectoris.
AB  - Earlier studies have demonstrated that the levels of prostacyclin synthesis
      stimulating plasma factor are changed during various clinical situations thus
      leading to disturbances in hemostatic balance. Therefore, we studied the plasma
      factor in 20 patients undergoing acute anginal attacks in order to see whether
      there is any influence or a timedependent change after the event. The patients
      were subdivided into males or females as well as into those with or without
      maturity onset diabetes and who were smokers or no-smokers. As in-vitro test
      systems the rat abdominal aorta, human coronary artery and cultured endothelial
      and smooth muscle cells obtained from minipigs were used. Our findings
      demonstrate that incubating the different tissue samples in plasma leads to a
      significant increase of prostacyclin formation or of its stable breakdown 6-oxo
      PGF1 respectively, in comparison to buffer control incubation. However, in none
      of the groups was a change observed during an anginal attack or in rate 60 and
      120 minutes thereafter. These findings suggest that the prostacyclin synthesis
      stimulating plasma factor is not involved in hemostatic dysregulation, which has
      been observed to occur during and immediately after a coronary anginal attack.

PMID- 3887435
TI  - Prostaglandin E2 and the renin-angiotensin system in primary aldosteronism and
      Cushing's syndrome.
AB  - 8 patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) and 4 women with Cushing's syndrome
      (CS) were investigated with estimations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), plasma renin
      activity (PRA), and angiotensin-II (A-II) concentrations in renal venous blood,
      under resting and strictly standardized conditions and without pharmacological
      influence. In the PA group all hormone values were extremely low, but with a
      tendency to higher PRA and A-II concentrations in patients with idiopathic
      adrenal hyperplasia. Such low PGE2 concentrations have not previously been
      reported, and may be the consequence of decreased concentration of circulating A
      II. However, a yet unidentified mechanism for the parallel suppression of the
      renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and of products of arachidonic acid metabolism
      cannot be excluded in hypertensive states where blood pressure is mainly
      dependent on volume factors. The number of patients in the CS group was too small
      to permit definitive conclusions, but a specific pattern of the PGE2 production
      is probably not seen in conjunction with hypercorticism. There seemed to exist
      only a covariation between PGE2 concentration and the degree of activation of the
      RAS.

PMID- 3887436
TI  - [Current problems in drug research].

PMID- 3887438
TI  - [Sterilization--thermic procedures. 1. Basis, definitions, methods--review].

PMID- 3887437
TI  - [Plant and microbial agents as immunomodulators].

PMID- 3887439
TI  - High-dosage neuroleptic therapy for acute schizophrenic patients--two double
      blind studies with benperidol.

PMID- 3887440
TI  - [In the very best homage (Aleksandra Kobylinska and Zofia Orlicka)].

PMID- 3887441
TI  - Transcription signals in a region essential for replication of plasmid R6K.
AB  - A DNA fragment encoding for the enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT)
      but lacking the CAT promoter sequence was used to probe transcription signals in
      a DNA fragment (640 base pairs) from plasmid R6K that plays a central role in R6K
      DNA replication. The R6K DNA fragment analyzed contains the seven 22-bp direct
      repeats which express R6K incompatibility and are required in cis for activity of
      all three of the R6K origins of replication. In addition to the previously
      identified promoter sequences for the R6K initiation protein pi (P pi), a
      relatively weak transcriptional promoter upstream to P pi was detected. On the
      opposite strand an efficient (94%) transcriptional terminator was identified.
      This terminator is located upstream to nucleotide sequences active in the
      repression of R6K DNA replication.

PMID- 3887442
TI  - Isolation of bacterial plasmids by density gradient centrifugation in cesium
      trifluoroacetate (CsTFA) without the use of ethidium bromide.
AB  - Plasmids extracted from bacterial cells by alkaline extraction can easily be
      isolated from linear DNA by isopycnic centrifugation in CsTFA. This is a fast and
      simple method which circumvents the use of the intercalating dye, ethidium
      bromide, and consequently the problems associated with its removal. The buoyant
      densities for covalently closed circular DNA and linear DNA in CsTFA are 1.60
      g/ml and 1.65 g/ml, respectively. The isolation is achieved regardless of plasmid
      size and can be accomplished at temperatures of between 4 and 30 degrees C.
      Plasmid DNA isolated in gradients of CsTFA are of a high purity and have been
      found to be intact when cleaved with restriction enzymes and ligated with T4 DNA
      ligase.

PMID- 3887443
TI  - [Social integration of long-term paraphrenic patients with low-dose depot
      neuroleptic medication].
AB  - All long-term patients with the diagnosis "paraphrenia systematica" out of one
      region were included in this study. 53 patients were treated in an in-patient
      psychiatric unit between 1979 and 1981 and were available in this study.
      Parenteral Fluphenacin-Decanoate (25-75 mg monthly) was given. Before, during and
      after Fluphenacin (each schedule lasting for at least 20 weeks)
      psychopathological and social evaluations were done. We used quantitative scales:
      NGI (Nurses Global Impressions) and BPRS (Brief psychiatric Rating Scale). Good
      Socialization showed a striking correlation to parenteral Fluphenacin-treatment.
      Differences in the present state psychopathology were not able to explain the
      social difference. During parenteral treatment 49 patients switched from badly
      socialized (NGI: more than 12 points) to well socialized (NGI less than 7
      points). 18 patients stopped parenteral neuroleptic treatment for various
      reasons. 13 Patients out of this group had to be readmitted to the psychiatric
      hospital, while those staying on their parenteral neuroleptic drug-treatment
      stayed well socialized.

PMID- 3887444
TI  - Recollections of Harry Stack Sullivan and of the development of his interpersonal
      psychiatry.
AB  - Some of us who knew Harry Stack Sullivan during the last two decades of his life
      and followed the development of his though estimated that his professional
      career, starting with the completion of the course work at the Chicago College of
      Medicine and Surgery, 1915, could be divided roughly into four separate periods
      of some eight years each in duration. The first period may be called the Chicago
      period, 1915-1921; the second the Washington-Baltimore period, 1921-1931; the
      third the New York period, 1931-1939; and the fourth, the period of the
      Washington School of Psychiatry, 1939 to approximately 1947. This leaves a period
      of about a year, or possibly a little longer, which I wish to designate as the
      fifth period, cut short by Sullivan's sudden death in January 1949. The last
      period consisted of his separating himself from the Washington School of
      Psychiatry and from teaching the theory of interpersonal psychiatry while
      simultaneously exploring the feasibility of a psychiatry of social groups or even
      of society itself. The first name for this extension of the concept of
      interpersonal relations to the entire social field was the title given to the
      White Memorial Lectures delivered by Dr. G. Brock Chisholm in 1945, namely,
      "Psychiatry of Enduring Peace and Social Progress."

PMID- 3887445
TI  - Clomipramine and imipramine in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
AB  - Twenty-three outpatients with primary obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were
      started in a 12-week double-blind clinical trial of clomipramine (CLI) (n = 11)
      and imipramine (IMI) (n = 12). There was no placebo and no crossover. After 6
      weeks of treatment, data on 19 subjects (9 CLI, 10 IMI) were available. After
      week 12, the sample was reduced to 16 patients (8 CLI, 8 IMI). At both time
      points, OCD symptoms showed modest reductions (in comparison with the
      pretreatment baseline) in both CLI and IMI groups. Both drugs showed a major
      antidepressant effect. Analyses accounting for the differences in the baseline
      levels indicated a somewhat superior effect of CLI over IMI on OCD as well as
      depression. The effect of CLI and IMI on OCD was independent of the initial
      severity of depression. There were no clear differences in the safety of the
      treatments.

PMID- 3887446
TI  - Lactate vulnerability of remitted panic patients.
AB  - Sodium lactate precipitates panic in 70-100% of clinically ill patients with
      panic disorders. The lactate vulnerability of remitted patients is unknown. In
      this study, 13 panic patients completed three sequential sodium lactate
      infusions: one before treatment, a second when panic free on tricyclic
      antidepressants (TCA), and a third when in remission and unmedicated for 1 to 6
      months. Three out of 13 patients panicked at the third infusion as compared to
      0/13 infused on TCA and 7/12 at pretreatment infusion. This result (1) indicates
      that lactate vulnerability can exist in clinically well, unmedicated patients,
      and (2) raises the possibility that lactate vulnerability may be a trait
      characteristic. Further studies are needed before definite conclusions can be
      drawn.

PMID- 3887447
TI  - Assay-guided isolation of naturally-occurring neuroactive substances.
AB  - Ways in which chemical techniques could be applied to the understanding of neural
      systems, their functioning and their disorders were devised only gradually during
      the present century. In a particularly successful procedure, now termed assay
      guided isolation, neural defects were made good by means of tissue-extracts and
      the restoration of function was established as an assay-system to guide the
      chemical separation and identification of the active tissue constituent. Thiamin
      was so isolated, using an experimental polyneuritis assay; subsequent instances
      among other metabolites, hormones, neurotransmitters and nerve growth factors are
      recounted. Procedures of assay-guided characterization ensured that links were
      retained between specific, sparsely-occurring substances and chosen aspects of
      their biological roles while their chemical nature was first explored and then
      established. The procedures discouraged the too-facile postulating of
      hypothetical molecules and contributed to the distinctiveness of neurochemistry
      as a subject within the neurosciences.

PMID- 3887448
TI  - Computer diagnosis of depression and anxiety: the Stirling County Study.
AB  - A computer programme (DPAX) was constructed for a longitudinal study of
      psychiatric epidemiology in Stirling County (Canada). It identifies disorders
      involving the syndromes of depression and anxiety based on responses given in
      structured questionnaire interviews. The programme follows a diagnostic algorithm
      that uses criteria for: (1) essential features; (2) number, frequency, and
      pattern of associated symptoms; (3) impairment; and (4) duration. The programme
      reproduces case evaluations provided by psychiatrists, as conveyed by a
      sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 98%.

PMID- 3887449
TI  - Cognitive coordinate systems: accounts of mental rotation and individual
      differences in spatial ability.

PMID- 3887450
TI  - Neural dynamics of form perception: boundary completion, illusory figures, and
      neon color spreading.

PMID- 3887451
TI  - What is needed for a theory of mobility: direct perception and cognitive maps-
      lessons from the blind.

PMID- 3887452
TI  - Comparison of the effectiveness of biofeedback and relaxation training on hand
      warming.

PMID- 3887453
TI  - A clinical overview of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

PMID- 3887454
TI  - Neurosyphilis: a psychiatric perspective.

PMID- 3887455
TI  - Basic readings in consultation psychiatry.

PMID- 3887456
TI  - The high cost of treating a psychiatric disorder as a medical/surgical illness.

PMID- 3887458
TI  - Serrating the channel walls--its influence on dowel retention.

PMID- 3887457
TI  - Cancer, oncogenes and oncofetal antigens.

PMID- 3887459
TI  - Primary canine full coronal restoration: new considerations.

PMID- 3887460
TI  - The effect of convergence angle on retention and resistance form.

PMID- 3887462
TI  - [A rational and most precise functional impression].

PMID- 3887463
TI  - [Clinical aspects, radiology and histology of an excised TPS-screw implant. I:
      Clinical aspects].

PMID- 3887461
TI  - [Effect of in vivo locally applied fluoride preparations. 1: Method of
      quantitative determination of fluoride uptake and the acid etchability of dental
      hard tissues].

PMID- 3887464
TI  - [Restoration: bonding technics on dental hard tissues (enamel and dentin)].

PMID- 3887465
TI  - [ER-post system in the reconstruction of pulp devitalized teeth (I)].

PMID- 3887466
TI  - [Experiences with a new attachment].

PMID- 3887467
TI  - [ER-post system in the reconstruction of pulp devitalized teeth (II)].

PMID- 3887468
TI  - [Scientific studies and the 1st clinical experiences with full ceramic crowns
      using the Cerestore system].

PMID- 3887469
TI  - [Literature review of new data on function theory].

PMID- 3887470
TI  - [Basic knowledge: prosthetics. Bridge technics IV].

PMID- 3887471
TI  - [Basic knowledge: prosthetics. Bridge technics V].

PMID- 3887472
TI  - [Jet procedure technology--a new possibility, accurate fit long span, secondary
      anchor framework finishing (I)].

PMID- 3887474
TI  - [Damage evaluation of broken partial dentures].

PMID- 3887473
TI  - [New means of ceramic manipulation. The Baur ceramic mix and layer technic. 1: A
      possible procedure in daily practice].

PMID- 3887475
TI  - [Use of temporary cement in the dental technical laboratory (I)].

PMID- 3887476
TI  - Case study of patient with disease of the kidneys involving diagnostic imaging.

PMID- 3887477
TI  - Ultrasound of the neonatal urinary tract: a survey of 1300 infants.

PMID- 3887478
TI  - Oncology changes and the diagnostic radiographer.

PMID- 3887479
TI  - Symposium on digital radiography.

PMID- 3887480
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography: technology, equipment, and techniques.
AB  - The equipment used in digital subtraction angiography is a combination of x-ray
      equipment and high-speed image-processing equipment. In this article, the
      components of a DSA system are described, including the x-ray generator, x-ray
      tube, image intensifier, television system, analog-to-digital (A-D) convertor,
      image processor, and image acquisition console, as well as available commercial
      equipment. Techniques for DSA examination are also discussed.

PMID- 3887481
TI  - Newer subtraction and filtration techniques.
AB  - This article attempts to describe and superficially evaluate the present and
      future application of a number of newer subtraction techniques, including
      recursive temporal filtration, matched filtration, hybrid subtraction, tomography
      and tomosynthesis, and parametric imaging and image processing. At this time, it
      is difficult to put each of these techniques into proper focus with regard to
      future clinical use. Suffice it to say that these and other techniques, which
      will almost certainly arise as our technical base expands, show promise of
      providing the diagnostician with unique information that will expand our ability
      to provide improved patient care based on better understanding of the physiology
      as well as the anatomy of both normal and pathologic processes. Critical
      evaluation of both the comparative clinical usefulness and the cost of such
      innovative digital technology requires careful study in academic centers before
      widespread commercial dissemination into the general diagnostic imaging community
      is warranted.

PMID- 3887482
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography of the arteries of the head and neck.
AB  - The advantages and disadvantages of intravenous and intra-arterial digital
      subtraction angiography of the arteries of the head and neck are discussed. The
      clinical applications of the two techniques are compared.

PMID- 3887483
TI  - Digital radiology of the kidney.
AB  - Intravenous and intra-arterial digital subtraction angiographic techniques are
      suitable for application to nearly all renal vascular imaging indications. These
      methods are advantageous in comparison with conventional angiography. Digital
      imaging of the renal parenchyma and collecting systems is also feasible.

PMID- 3887484
TI  - Pulmonary digital subtraction angiography.
AB  - Pulmonary angiography using intravenous rather than intra-arterial injections and
      digital subtraction technique provides an alternative to dependence on clinical
      impression, lung scans, and the more invasive transcardiac selective pulmonary
      angiogram for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. However, successful studies of
      the pulmonary circulation using IV-DSA require careful preselection of patients
      and meticulous attention to technical detail, as well as a state-of-the-art
      digital imaging system.

PMID- 3887485
TI  - Digital cardiac radiology.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to provide the general diagnostic radiologist with
      an overview of digital radiographic techniques. The development of digital
      cardiac radiology is discussed first, followed by discussions of intravenous and
      intra-arterial digital left ventriculography. There is a discussion of the use of
      digital techniques in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease, and some
      comments on the use of digital techniques to study myocardial perfusion.

PMID- 3887486
TI  - Contrast administration and techniques of digital subtraction angiography
      performance.
AB  - Optimal IV-DSA performance depends equally on the digital system, the patient,
      and the radiologist. Through enhancement and subtraction, the digital system
      increases contrast sensitivity, thus compensating for the relatively low spatial
      resolution and for the loss in contrast (density) that results from dilution of
      the contrast medium by injecting it on the venous side. The degree of this
      dilution is governed by the patient's cardiac output and the size of the central
      blood volume. The lower the cardiac output and the larger the central blood
      volume, the less opacification (more dilution) and longer transit time (more
      likelihood for artifacts) will result. The role of the radiologist is to optimize
      the available conditions. He can prevent measures that decrease cardiac output
      (Valsalva maneuver) or he can take measures to decrease the degree of dilution by
      choosing optimal contrast administration methods, such as injecting in the right
      atrium at a high rate and thus allowing more latitude to decrease the total
      volume per injection and to increase the number of injections per examination.
      The radiologist also attempts to combat all the sources of noninformation or
      misinformation resulting from voluntary or involuntary patient motion, which
      degrades subtraction. By observing studies in real time, the radiologist may
      recognize motion during the injection, and by increasing the number of exposures,
      he may have a late mask to save the study. On immediate review of an injection,
      he may recognize the need to increase the volume per injection to obtain better
      opacification or, conversely, to reduce the volume if it is apparent that it
      could be done without compromise to the study and yet allow more injections to be
      performed, or he may recognize a finding that requires more than the usual
      routine views and may obtain a better one. IV-DSA can be performed with
      peripheral injections of contrast medium if the area of interest is limited and
      superior opacification is not essential, especially if a larger image intensifier
      (12- to 16-inch field) is available. However, whether peripheral injections are
      the least invasive, depends on whether one thinks that 200 to 240 ml of
      Renografin-76 for four views in an outpatient is invasive or not. The notion that
      IV-DSA can be performed by a nurse who places the IV needle or angiocatheter, a
      technician who shoots the pictures, and a computer that will do the rest, while
      the radiologist is peripherally involved and to hope for consistently good
      studies, is far from realistic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3887487
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography in the community hospital.
AB  - Although digital angiography may involve the same physician processes in the
      university as in the community hospital, it can be seen that the indications,
      approaches, and utility of DSA are somewhat different in the two environments.
      DSA is presently in a state of change, in part because of the maturing of other
      modalities and also because of the present emphasis on cost-saving in medical
      imaging. As referring physicians become used to digital arteriographic images,
      more and more procedures will be performed with DSA. We believe the DSA will have
      an important role in the community hospital for years to come. Its emergence as
      the first of the "conventional" imaging techniques to be digitized can be seen as
      an initial step toward the total digital imaging department of the future.

PMID- 3887488
TI  - [Effect of form and content of findings on future systems for computer-based
      diagnosis].

PMID- 3887489
TI  - [Possibilities, problems and present status of hip sonography of infant hips].
AB  - The author reports on hip-joint examinations in 16 000 infants, using sonography
      (age: 1 day up to 12-15 months). Particular attention is given to the
      classification of disturbances of maturation of the hip joint described. The use
      of angles and the possibility of making mistakes during measurement are
      demonstrated. The ultrasonographic traces are compared with X-rays to demonstrate
      the accuracy of ultrasonic investigation of infant hip joints. Determination of
      hip-joint maturity using the "sonometer" is described.

PMID- 3887490
TI  - Panic disorder: response to sodium lactate and treatment with antidepressants.
AB  - Effective drugs for mental disorders have been found by serendipitous findings
      not supported by knowledge of psychopharmacology. Drug are assigned labels, such
      as "antidepressant" without knowledge that such a label delimits the utility of
      such agents. Many double-blind controlled studies have shown that imipramine
      effectively ameliorates panic attacks and agoraphobia. Epidemiological data show
      a relationship between Panic Disorder and Depression. Relatives of probands with
      Major Depression plus an Anxiety Disorder were at greater risk for both Major
      Depression and for an Anxiety Disorder. Panic Disorder, as a subcategory of
      Anxiety Disorder was associated with the greatest increased risk. Intravenous
      sodium lactate reliably produces anxiety attacks clinically indistinguishable
      from those occurring in Panic Disorder, in subjects with that disorder. Panic
      Disorder is characterized by response to imipramine, an epidemiological link to
      Affective Disorder, and is similar to panic induced by infusion of sodium
      lactate.

PMID- 3887492
TI  - [The structure of chromosome; is the scaffold an artifact?].

PMID- 3887491
TI  - [A novel metabolic pathway of mercapturic acids--methylthiolation].

PMID- 3887493
TI  - Model construction, wax-up and casting for quality fixed restorations (II).

PMID- 3887494
TI  - Type III gold occlusal surfaces on ceramo-metal restorations.

PMID- 3887495
TI  - Preparation of the posterior palatal seal on the maxillary complete denture.

PMID- 3887496
TI  - Periodontal considerations for the construction of removable partial dentures
      (I).

PMID- 3887497
TI  - Design considerations for temporary removable partial dentures.

PMID- 3887498
TI  - Hardening gypsum casts: an historical perspective.

PMID- 3887499
TI  - Sensation information, self-instruction and responses to dental surgery.
AB  - The interaction effects of presurgery anxiety and two intervention strategies
      upon adjustment during dental surgery were examined. Patients undergoing
      gingivectomy (N = 113) were randomly assigned to one of four information groups:
      sensation, self-instruction, combined sensation and self-instruction, or control;
      and separated according to level of trait and state anxiety. Results showed an
      interaction effect between the information conditions and state anxiety (p less
      than .05). Compared with the control group, high state anxiety subjects reported
      less tension (p less than .05) and distress (p less than .05) after receiving
      sensation information; less tension (p less than .005) after receiving self
      instruction information; and increased positive self-statements (p less than .05)
      with the combined information. Low-state anxiety subjects showed negative
      treatment effects; sensation information alone (p less than .001) or combined
      with self-instruction (p less than .01) reduced the number of reported positive
      self-statements.

PMID- 3887500
TI  - Effects of progressive muscle relaxation training on anxiety and health locus of
      control among hypertensive adults.
AB  - The effects of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on anxiety and perceptions of
      personal control over health status are evaluated in this study. After collection
      of baseline data, 22 hypertensive clients received relaxation training in a
      series of weekly group sessions followed by individual monitoring sessions over a
      6-week period. The 22 hypertensive clients in the control group received blood
      pressure monitoring, weight checks, and health counseling but were given no
      relaxation training during the study period. The group instructed in relaxation
      exhibited significantly lower anxiety than the control group at 4-month followup.
      After training, the relaxation group also scored significantly higher than the
      control group on beliefs in personal control of health and lower in beliefs that
      chance or luck affected health outcomes. At followup, the groups did not differ
      significantly on perceived influence of powerful others over health status.
      Findings support the potential usefulness of relaxation training in modifying
      affective and cognitive characteristics of hypertensive clients.

PMID- 3887501
TI  - The role of vagal integrity in gastrin releasing peptide stimulated
      gastroenteropancreatic hormone release and gastric acid secretion.
AB  - The role of the vagus nerve in the control of gastrin releasing peptide (GRP)
      stimulated gastroenteropancreatic hormone release and gastric acid secretion was
      investigated in four conscious gastric fistula dogs using a technique of
      bilateral cryogenic vagal blockade. A 90-min infusion of GRP at a dose of 400
      pmol X kg-1. h-1 produced significant elevations in plasma levels of gastrin,
      motilin, GIP, enteroglucagon, insulin, pancreatic glucagon, pancreatic
      polypeptide and VIP. Vagal blockade reversibly inhibited the rise of plasma PP
      and significantly blunted the elevation of plasma VIP. However, the GRP
      stimulated response of the other hormones investigated was not modified by vagal
      blockade. Similarly, the substantial secretion of gastric acid observed with GRP
      was not influenced by vagal blockade. Thus GRP acts predominantly via mechanisms
      which are independent of vagal integrity, findings that are in support of a major
      role for the local neuromodulation of hormone release and gastric acid secretion.

PMID- 3887502
TI  - Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in perivascular nerve fibres of the guinea
      pig.
AB  - The distribution of perivascular nerve fibres displaying neuropeptide Y-like
      immunoreactivity was studied in the guinea-pig. Generally, neuropeptide Y fibres
      were numerous around arteries and moderate in number around veins. In the heart,
      immunoreactive fibres were numerous in the auricles and the atria (epi- and
      endocardium) whereas the ventricles had a more scarce supply. The coronary
      vessels were richly supplied with fibres. Around large elastic and muscular
      arteries the fibres formed well developed plexuses. Small arteries in the
      respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract and the genito-urinary tract
      received a particularly rich supply. In the liver, spleen and kidney only few
      perivascular fibres were seen. Since immunoreactive fibres around blood vessels
      disappeared upon surgical or chemical sympathectomy, and sequential
      immunostaining with antisera against dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (a marker for
      adrenergic neurons) and against neuropeptide Y revealed their co-existence, it is
      concluded that neuropeptide Y fibres around blood vessels are sympathetic and
      adrenergic.

PMID- 3887503
TI  - Abusing the volatile organic chemicals.
AB  - Intentional inhalation of volatile organic chemicals is not a new phenomenon. It
      has existed since ancient times. Abusing household and other commercially
      available products, containing volatile organic solvents, has been recognized
      since the early 1950s. Products containing volatile organic chemicals include
      everything ranging from gasoline to paints, aerosolized foods, cosmetics, and
      other solvent-based household products. These products are easily available,
      legal, and usually inexpensive when compared to the alternative, illegal
      substances. While inhalant abuse is small when compared to the abuse of other
      substances, the problem can, in some cases, be fatal to the abuser. The public
      sector, industry, and government all are trying to find a solution. This paper
      reviews the history of perverted use of commercial products, the inhalant abuser,
      the signs and symptoms, the pharmacotoxicology, and the various approaches to
      solutions.

PMID- 3887504
TI  - Use of the Ames test in toxicology.
AB  - The Salmonella/microsome assay (Ames test) is one of the most widely used short
      term tests. Despite the ubiquitous presence of this assay and the large number of
      chemicals tested, there is still controversy over the value of
      Salmonella/microsome assay results in risk assessment. Understanding of the
      properties and performance of the test system is necessary to provide an
      appropriate answer to this question. Based on both theoretical and empirical
      considerations, the results of the assay can provide useful information to assist
      in the development of further studies and as part of the data which can be used
      in evaluating potential biological effects or projected lack of adverse effects.
      The value of the Salmonella/microsome assay in performing these functions is
      considerably enhanced by consideration of all the information which the assay
      data provide.

PMID- 3887505
TI  - The resin bonded cast metal bridge: a review.

PMID- 3887506
TI  - [Bonded bridges].

PMID- 3887507
TI  - [Crown reconstruction in extensive dental restorations: theoretical aspects and
      practical applications].

PMID- 3887508
TI  - [Immunologic and ultrastructural study of a non-secretor IgG multiple myeloma].

PMID- 3887509
TI  - [Traumatic hemobilia with spontaneous recovery].

PMID- 3887511
TI  - [Fungal urinary infection in renal transplant].

PMID- 3887510
TI  - [Flush induced by chlorpropamide-alcohol (CAF): a genetic marker of diabetes
      mellitus or an undesirable effect of the drug?].

PMID- 3887512
TI  - [Osteomyelitis of the pubis].

PMID- 3887513
TI  - [Effects of circulating anti-insulin antibodies on the kinetics of injected
      insulin in type I diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3887514
TI  - [Echographic study of the scrotum in the differential diagnosis between essential
      and symptomatic hydrocele].

PMID- 3887515
TI  - [Role of prostaglandins in human fertility].

PMID- 3887516
TI  - [Significance of antinuclear antibodies in the diagnosis of connective tissue
      diseases].

PMID- 3887517
TI  - Electrical stimulation of low frequency range in cases of pseudarthroses. Survey
      of 350 cases.

PMID- 3887518
TI  - Treatment of non-union by pulsing electromagnetic field: European multicenter
      study of 308 cases.

PMID- 3887519
TI  - Bone formation and bacterial inhibition with silver and other electrodes.

PMID- 3887520
TI  - The role of ions in modifying chromatin structure.

PMID- 3887521
TI  - Pulsed electromagnetic field effects on chondroblast culture.

PMID- 3887522
TI  - [Lipoprotein lipase and adipocyte differentiation].
AB  - Some hormonal factors, possibly involved in the proliferation and differentiation
      of adipose precursor cells in vivo, have been characterized in vitro using
      different preadipocyte cell lines established from rodent adipose tissue. The
      process of adipose conversion has also been studied using these cell lines; in
      this process, stem cells (adipoblasts) were committed at any cell division during
      the growth phase. At confluence, committed cells (preadipocytes) underwent a
      limited number of mitoses and differentiated into adipose cells, whereas the
      uncommitted cells remained as stem cells in the cell population. This stochastic
      model could be extended to the development of rat adipose tissue in vivo. The
      study of adipose conversion showed the early emergence of lipoprotein lipase
      (LPL) and monoglyceride lipase (MGL). LPL activity appeared in the cells before
      any triglyceride accumulation. In contrast, this accumulation seemed dependent
      upon the emergence of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. In vitro experiments
      clearly established that LPL-containing (differentiating) cells underwent
      postconfluent mitoses. This limited proliferation was in agreement with previous
      data obtained in vivo and indicates that only triglyceride-containing (mature)
      cells could not divide.

PMID- 3887523
TI  - Cell surface changes during adipocyte differentiation in vitro.

PMID- 3887524
TI  - Lipogenesis as related to endocrine control of adipose cellularity in the rat.
AB  - The incorporation rate of 3H from 3H2O in the total lipids of rat retroperitoneal
      adipose tissue (RPAT) according to age was followed in slightly hyperthyroid
      rats, in type-2 diabetic rats and in control rats. Until 12 weeks of age, the
      RPAT of the hyperthyroid animals exhibited hyperplasia and an increase in
      lipogenesis per g of wet weight or per whole fat pad. Fat cel number and
      lipogenesis per g of wet weight or per whole fat pad were reduced in adult
      diabetic rats. The concomitant changes in fat cell number and lipid synthesis in
      the RPAT of the two groups of treated rats have been discussed.

PMID- 3887525
TI  - Factors controlling brown adipose tissue development.
AB  - Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a site of non-shivering thermogenesis in mammals.
      Thermogenesis in brown adipocytes is related to the presence of a specific
      mitochondrial component called "uncoupling protein". When animals are chronically
      exposed to cold, their BAT is enlarged and exhibits several changes such as
      cellular differentiation, hyperplasia, mitochondriogenesis and marked synthesis
      of uncoupling protein. The hormonal and neural factors controlling this adaptive
      response have been studied. It is concluded that sympathetic innervation of BAT
      and released noradrenaline play an essential role in the development of BAT.

PMID- 3887526
TI  - Lipid transport systems: some recent aspects in swine, cattle and trout during
      development.
AB  - Lipids such as triacylglycerols, free and esterified cholesterol and
      phospholipids are essentially insoluble in water; lipoproteins, which are complex
      macromolecules of pseudomicellar structure, have evolved to ensure their
      efficient transport in the vascular system of vertebrates. Plasma lipoproteins
      are operationally classified according to their relative lipid and protein
      contents and thus according to density. The protein components, i.e.
      apolipoproteins, have a highly specialized structure contributing to particle
      stability and metabolism. The chemistry and structure of plasma lipoproteins and
      apoproteins is discussed and their biosynthesis, intravascular metabolism and
      cellular degradation briefly considered. Circulating concentrations of
      lipoproteins are under complex control, involving hormonal, nutritional and
      genetic factors; changes occurring in lipoprotein levels in pigs (Sus
      domesticus), cattle (Bos sp.) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) during
      development are discussed. In pigs and calves, LDL predominate at the fetal stage
      and VLDL are absent. During suckling, this pattern is rapidly modified with HDL
      becoming the major class and low levels of VLDL appearing. These changes in part
      reflect high levels of exogenous triglyceride lipolysis consequent to the
      ingestion of fat-rich, maternal milk. With further growth, HDL predominate in
      both adult pigs and steers, although the LDL:HDL ratio is considerably lower in
      the latter (0.5-0.8 and approximately 0.2, respectively). Our studies in pigs
      suggest that the intestinal secretion of lipoproteins commences rapidly after
      birth since proteins akin to human apo-B48 and apo-B100 are detectable in plasma
      VLDL some 2-3 h after parturition. Although the trout is an oviparous vertebrate,
      LDL is also preponderate at the juvenile stage. With sexual maturity, LDL and
      VLDL levels diminish progressively, plasma HDL attaining concentrations as high
      as 1,500 mg/dl in adults. Our knowledge of the biochemical mechanisms at the
      origin of these developmental changes in lipid transport in both mammals and fish
      remains largely incomplete.

PMID- 3887527
TI  - Fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis during development.
AB  - Fatty acids are the preferred oxidative substrates of the heart, skeletal
      muscles, kidney cortex and liver in adult mammals. They are supplied to these
      tissues either as nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), or as triglycerides after
      hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase. During fetal life, tissue capacity to oxidize
      NEFA is very low, even in species in which the placental transfer of NEFA and
      carnitine is high. At birth, the ability to oxidize NEFA from endogenous sources
      or from milk (a high-fat diet) develops rapidly in various tissues and remains
      very high throughout the suckling period. Ketogenesis appears in the liver by 6
      to 12 hrs after birth, and the ketone bodies are used as oxidative fuels by
      various tissues during the suckling period. At the time of weaning, the
      transition from a high-fat to a high-carbohydrate diet is attended by a
      progressive decrease in the ketogenic capacity of the liver, whereas other
      tissues (skeletal muscle, heart, kidney) maintain a high capacity for NEFA
      oxidation. The nutritional and hormonal factors involved in changes in fatty acid
      oxidation during development are discussed.

PMID- 3887528
TI  - The effect of isosorbide dinitrate and isosorbide-5-mononitrate on prostacyclin
      (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) generation in rat and human arteries.
AB  - The mechanism by which nitrates produce relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle
      and anti-aggregatory effect on platelets has not been understood. Several reports
      have suggested that vasoactive prostaglandin generation may account for part of
      the pharmacological action of nitroglycerin. However, few studies have been
      reported that isosorbide dinitrate or its main metabolite, isosorbide-5
      mononitrate, directly stimulates prostacyclin (PGI2) generation in blood vessels.
      We examined the effect of ISDN and 5-ISMN on PGI2 and thromboxane A2 (TXA2)
      generation in rat thoracic aorta and human thoracic aorta and coronary artery.
      The stimulation of PGI2 generation was dependent on the concentration of ISDN and
      the maximum PGI2 generation was effected by ISDN 5.0 ng/ml in both rat and human
      vessels. The ratio of peak to basal PGI2 generation was about 1.6 with rat
      thoracic aorta and about 1.6 with human thoracic aorta and about 1.3 with human
      coronary artery. On the other hand, TXA2 generation showed a smaller increase
      than that of PGI2 with ISDN used in the therapeutic dose range and 5-ISMN did not
      significantly affect PGI2 or TXA2 generation. Previous studies of the effect of
      cyclooxygenase inhibitor, for example indomethacin, on the vasodilating response
      to nitrates have given conflicting results. It is believed, however, that ISDN is
      partially, not wholly, associated with the hemodynamic and platelet
      antiaggregation effects due to vascular PGI2 generation, which may play a
      beneficial role in inhibiting coronary vasospasm during anginal attacks.

PMID- 3887529
TI  - Verapamil induces glucose intolerance in conscious, nondiabetic rats.
AB  - Intravenous verapamil administration in normal rats significantly impaired the
      rats' ability to respond to a glucose tolerance test, and blocked the glucose
      stimulated release of insulin into the blood. The results suggest that verapamil
      can impair pancreatic endocrine function in vivo.

PMID- 3887530
TI  - Physiological and pharmacological analysis of transmembrane action potentials of
      human atrial fibers.
AB  - Transmembrane action potentials (APs) of electrically paced right-atrial tissue
      obtained from 38 patients of corrective open-heart surgery were analyzed. Two
      types of APs could be found. The APs of 20 patients (group I) were similar to
      those of other laboratory mammals. The average resting potential (RP) and the
      amplitude and maximum rate of rise of phase 0 of APs (Vmax) were -75 mV, 86 mV,
      and 152 V/sec, respectively, only the repolarization phase being more prolonged
      than that of other mammalian APs. Epinephrine (5.8 X 10(-6) mole/liter) increased
      the amplitude of APs and prolonged the plateau phase, producing odd-looking,
      humped APs. Prostacyclin-Na (6.7 X 10(-7) and 8.7 X 10(-6) mole/liter) increased
      Vmax. Celluline-A (a biological Ca-complex obtained from frog skin) increased
      both Vmax and the amplitude of APs and, similar to epinephrine, prolonged the
      plateau phase. In group I, postoperative arrhythmias occurred in only 1 of the 10
      patients. APs obtained from another 18 preparations (group II) were characterized
      by low RP (-55 mV), small amplitude of AP (59 mV), slow rate of rise of AP (less
      than 10 V/sec), and very prolonged repolarization. This type of APs can be
      referred to as slow-response APs. Neither epinephrine, prostacylin-Na, nor
      celluline-A modified the characteristics of these slow-response APs. In group II,
      postoperative arrhythmias could be observed in 8 of the 10 patients.

PMID- 3887531
TI  - Delayed antiischemic effect of prostaglandin I2 and of a new stable prostaglandin
      I2 analogue, 7-oxo-prostacyclin-Na, in experimental model angina in dogs.
AB  - Therapeutic application of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) is rendered difficult by its
      instability. The 7-oxo-derivative synthesized by Kovacs et al. [8] proved to be
      stable in aqueous solution. Both drugs were tested in experimental model angina
      in anesthetized thoracotomized dogs with critical stenosis of the left anterior
      descending coronary artery, in which drug-induced reduction of ischemic ST
      segment elevation evoked by frequency loading was estimated [10]. Both drugs
      markedly reduced blood pressure (BP) even if given by intravenous infusion for 60
      min in a total dose of 20 micrograms/kg for PGI2 and 250 micrograms/kg for 7-oxo
      PGI2-Na. BP returned to normal soon after infusion and did not substantially
      change. After a latency of 90-120 min, a 40-50% reduction of ischemia-induced ST
      segment elevation appeared in the epi-, endo-, and intramyocardial ECG.
      Intracoronary infusion of PGI2 in 1 microgram/kg and 7-oxo-PGI2-Na in 25
      micrograms/kg total dose minimized systemic actions, but a delayed protective
      effect appeared, due probably to some nonvasoactive metabolite of these
      substances. Although both substances exert a potent platelet-aggregation
      inhibiting action, serial ex vivo determination of ADP aggregation at different
      times has shown a dissociation of antiaggregatory action from the protection,
      this dissociation reaching its maximum when antiaggregatory action was already
      over.

PMID- 3887532
TI  - Biliary obstruction and susceptibility to biliary sepsis in rats.
AB  - The effect of retrograde intrabiliary (RI) injection of E. coli was studied in
      Sprague-Dawley rats with biliary obstruction of different duration (3 days; 2, 4,
      and 6 weeks). By the injection of 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU) immediately
      after occlusion of the common bile duct (CBD), 15 of 18 normal rats survived
      without clinical signs of infection. In contrast, six of 11 animals in 3-day
      obstruction (P = 0.04), seven of 12 in 2-week obstruction (P = 0.02), ten of 12
      in both 4-week and 6-week obstruction (P = 0.0004) died of E. coli sepsis after
      injection of the same amount of bacteria. Animals with longstanding jaundice (4
      and 6 weeks) were more susceptible than those with a shorter duration of jaundice
      (3 days and 2 weeks, P = 0.04). The results warrant the early decompression of
      the biliary tract in biliary obstruction.

PMID- 3887533
TI  - [On the reduction of luxations of the jaw: ancient precedents to the Nelaton
      maneuver].

PMID- 3887534
TI  - [Control of dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) through the use of a
      fungicide. Experimental observations. Clinical trial in children allergic to
      Dermatophagoides].

PMID- 3887535
TI  - [Transdermally applied scopolamine for continuous prevention of motion sickness.
      Revival of a 150-year-old method].

PMID- 3887536
TI  - [A transdermal therapeutic estradiol system for physiological hormone
      substitution in the menopause].

PMID- 3887537
TI  - [Congenital structural defects in twins: diversity, etiology and genetic
      counseling].

PMID- 3887538
TI  - Diagnosis and management of cavernous hemangioma of the liver.
AB  - Cavernous hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors of the liver, which are
      now seen more often thanks to common use of newer imaging techniques. A review of
      the literature on cavernous hemangiomas of the liver, including our own
      experience with 14 cases, provides data as a touchstone for discussion of the
      incidence, etiology, symptoms, pathology, diagnosis including ultrasound,
      radionuclide imaging, computed tomography and angiography, management including
      resection, hepatic artery ligation, radiation and corticosteroid, and the natural
      history of these lesions. The author concludes that surgical resection of
      cavernous hemangiomas should be undertaken with due concern for the relation
      between the severity of symptoms and the operative risks involved.

PMID- 3887539
TI  - Treatment of advanced cancer of the prostate.
AB  - Advanced cancer of the prostate may be either locally advanced or distant.
      Staging methods available to define the extent of the disease are relatively
      imprecise; non-invasive methods rely on tumour markers and radioisotopes;
      invasive methods range from fine needle aspiration to lymph node dissection.
      Exact definitions of criteria of response to treatment are essential to evaluate
      different forms of treatment. Primary treatment of metastatic disease is based on
      hormone manipulation. Those who either never respond or relapse after primary
      treatment may show some response to further hormone therapy but usually require
      the combination of radiotherapy and analgesia to control their symptoms. The
      response rates to chemotherapy are disappointing.

PMID- 3887540
TI  - Genesis and evolution of proteinuria in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Approximately 40-45% of insulin-dependent diabetic (IDD) patients will develop,
      with time, clinical proteinuria, a forerunner of certain renal failure. Before
      this, however, up to 45% of IDD patients excrete supranormal amounts of protein
      in the urine, though still undetectable by dipstix test. This microproteinuria
      appears to be glomerular in origin, consists mainly of albumin and IgG, and is
      associated with poor glycemic control and marginal elevation of arterial
      pressure. Glomerular hemodynamic disturbances, and loss of charge selectivity of
      the glomerular membrane, are probably responsible for this microproteinuria,
      which appears reversible by correction of hyperglycemia and raised blood
      pressure. Once the dipstix test becomes positive (i.e. total urinary protein
      excretion exceeds 0.5 g/24h) and blood pressure rises into the hypertensive
      range, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) falls relentlessly. By the time GFR is as
      low as 20 ml/min/1.73 m2, more IgG relative to albumin is being filtered, giving
      rise to a low selectivity proteinuria, a condition consistent with changes in the
      size selectivity properties of the glomerular filtre. Glycemic control does not
      affect the decline in GFR, although blood pressure control and low protein diet
      can slow it, presumably by altering the self-perpetuating hemodynamic
      disturbances that occur in surviving glomeruli. The recent demonstration that IDD
      patients with microalbuminuria in excess of 30 micrograms/min have approximately
      a 20-fold increase in risk of developing persistent detectable proteinuria has
      provided a link between these two phases of diabetic nephropathy. The
      reversibility of the early microalbuminuria heralds a real chance of preventing
      the later irreversible phase of end-stage renal failure.

PMID- 3887541
TI  - [Health and society].

PMID- 3887542
TI  - Immunology and immunogenetics in metabolic diseases.
AB  - The first part of the work reviews some general data regarding the HLA system and
      emphasizes the principal implications of this system in diabetes mellitus and
      other metabolic diseases. Part two discusses pathoimmunological mechanisms in
      metabolic pathology (on the one hand those linked to autoimmunity, on the other
      those linked to immunologic deficiency of enzymatic origin). Finally, some
      immunologic aspects in the treatment of metabolic diseases are outlined.

PMID- 3887543
TI  - The value of cimetidine in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer.
AB  - The therapeutic effects of 1 g/day cimetidine in short-term courses of 21 days
      have been tested by a double blind study in 20 patients, of which 17 with
      duodenal ulcer and 3 with both gastric and duodenal ulcerations, in comparison
      with a similar group of patients who received placebo. The symptomatology was
      characteristic in all the cases, X-ray presence of ulcer in 17 patients and
      indirect signs in 3, endoscopic examination positive. The total volume of ClH
      nocturnal secretion, as well as the basal and maximal hydrochloric secretions
      decreased, but the differences with respect to the initial values were not
      statistically significant; the inhibition of gastric acid secretion by cimetidine
      amounted to 40%; ulcer healing was noted in 3 out of 17 cases. The adverse
      effects were rare: sleeplessness in 6 cases, asthenia in 4, dry mouth in 3. The
      differences between the results of cimetidine administration and those in the
      placebo group had no statistical significance. It is concluded that a short-term
      course of 21 days is not sufficient to obtain healing of the gastric or duodenal
      ulcerations.

PMID- 3887544
TI  - Radioreceptorassay of insulin using human erythrocytes. I. Methodological
      aspects.
AB  - It is known that human erythrocytes have specific receptors for insulin. This
      works describes a radioreceptor assay (RRA) suitable for the determination of the
      insulin binding to the surface receptors of erythrocytes. The erythrocytes were
      isolated from heparinated blood collected in the morning after overnight fasting.
      In the incubation mixture are 4-5 X 10(9) cells/ml, labelled porcine insulin and
      nonlabeled (cold) insulin in serial concentrations, range 10-10(5) ng/ml.
      Incubation (150 min. at +15 degrees C) is ended by suspending the incubation
      mixture in cold buffer. After washing, the tracer insulin bound to erythrocytes
      is measured on a gamma counter and the percentage of the specific binding is
      calculated against the total radioactivity determined prior to the washing steps.
      By this procedure, the maximal binding of 125I-Insulin was 10.55 +/- 0.78% (mean
      +/- SD) in five normal volunteers and 6.79 +/- 1.77 (mean +/- SD) in five obese
      nondiabetic patients, having an enhanced insulin response in the oral glucose
      tolerance test. The slight hemolysis that happened accidentally in some tubes
      after incubation caused rude degradation of the tracer, the binding being
      decreased at last by 25%. The method described (according to Gambhir K. K. et al
      1977 slightly modified) is specific and thus suitable for estimating the
      prognosis of obese children, patients with acute and chronic hepatitis and also
      for the study of the role of erythrocytes in insulin metabolism and possibly in
      the metabolism of other hormones.

PMID- 3887545
TI  - Endocrine diagnosis by ultrasound. I. The thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal
      glands.
AB  - The value of ultrasounds in diagnosis endocrine disorders and especially in
      localizing the tumors of the endocrine glands such as the thyroid, parathyroid,
      ovary and adrenal has been proved. Ultrasounds are also useful in following up
      the structural changes occurring in these glands after drug or radioisotopic
      therapy.

PMID- 3887546
TI  - Rectal wall thickness measured by ultrasound in chronic inflammatory diseases of
      the colon.
AB  - Rectal wall thickness was measured ultrasonically by means of a 7-MHz transducer.
      2 mm in diameter. In eight autopsy cases differences between ultrasonic and slide
      gauge measurements varied from -0.7 mm to 0.2 mm, with a median of 0.05 mm.
      Patients studies were carried out in 19 control subjects, showing a median rectal
      wall thickness of 2.6 mm, in 33 patients with ulcerative colitis with a median
      wall thickness of 2.8 mm, and in 18 patients with colonic Crohn's disease with a
      median wall thickness of 3.2 mm. These differences were not statistically
      significant. Subgroups of ulcerative colitis patients showed increasing wall
      thickness with increasing clinical activity (p less than 0.02), with increasing
      proctoscopic changes (p less than 0.01), and with increasing histologic activity
      (p less than 0.05). Corresponding correlations could not be demonstrated within
      the group of colonic Crohn's disease. It is concluded that even though the method
      could not distinguish between patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's
      disease of the colon, further studies concerning application of the measuring
      principle in gastroenterological endoscopy are indicated.

PMID- 3887547
TI  - Comparison of ranitidine and high-dose antacid in the treatment of prepyloric or
      duodenal ulcer. A double-blind controlled trial.
AB  - One hundred and nineteen patients with endoscopically confirmed prepyloric (n =
      59) or duodenal (n = 60) ulcer were stratified for ulcer location before entering
      a randomized double-blind trial comparing ranitidine (150 mg twice daily) and a
      potent liquid antacid (Novaluzid; 10 ml seven times daily, with a neutralizing
      capacity of 600 mmol H+). Fifty-four patients with prepyloric (26 receiving
      ranitidine) and 53 patients with duodenal ulcer (28 receiving ranitidine)
      completed the trial in accordance with the protocol. The 4 and 6 weeks' healing
      rates for prepyloric ulcers were 54%, 68%, and 61%, versus 69%, 79%, and 74% for
      the ranitidine, the antacid, and whole groups, respectively. For duodenal ulcers
      these figures were 89%, 84%, and 87%, versus 100%, 96%, and 98% for the
      ranitidine, antacid, and whole groups, respectively. Differences in healing rates
      between treatments were statistically insignificant within strata for ulcer type,
      but healing rates for prepyloric ulcers were significantly lower than for
      duodenal ulcers (p less than 0.002). A significant early pain relief was found in
      all groups, and side effects, including diarrhoea, were rare. In conclusion,
      these two ulcer treatment modalities appear to be equally effective in the short
      term. In addition, the data emphasize the need for proper stratification of
      prepyloric and duodenal ulcers in clinical trials of ulcer healing.

PMID- 3887548
TI  - The effect of cimetidine in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Experience with a multi-cross
      over model.
AB  - The symptomatic effect of cimetidine was examined in 27 patients with non-ulcer
      dyspepsia (NUD) by means of a multi-cross-over model (MCO model) for testing the
      symptomatic effect of drugs in individual patients. None of the patients showed
      an ulcer at the time, but 20 patients had evidence of previous peptic ulcer
      disease. The variant of the MCO model used included six treatment periods and
      three regular interchanges between cimetidine and placebo. Treatment periods
      lasted 2 or 4 days. The individual results were evaluated on the basis of the
      number of times (X score) cimetidine was associated with less symptoms than the
      preceding or following placebo. In general, cimetidine was associated with
      significantly (p less than 0.02) less symptoms than placebo. The X-score
      distribution was therefore skew in favour of high scores. Five patients showed
      the maximal X score of 5. The chance of getting an X score of 5 when cimetidine
      is not better than placebo is about 9%. Accordingly, the risk of being wrong when
      defining these five patients as cimetidine responders is 9%. The present study
      confirms that the MCO model may identify individual cimetidine responders among
      patients with NUD.

PMID- 3887549
TI  - Studies of the phospholipase A2 activity of rat ileal mucosa.
AB  - A rapid and simple procedure has been used to determine phospholipase A2 activity
      (EC 3.1.1.4) in rat ileal mucosa. We used 14C-oleate-labeled Escherichia coli as
      substrate for the phospholipase activity and a 0.45-micron Millipore filter to
      separate the product of hydrolysis--the 14C-oleic acid--from the unhydrolyzed
      substrate. The phospholipase A2 activity was optimal at pH 9.8 and at 2 mM Ca2+,
      but another peak of activity appeared at pH 7.2. In addition, cell fractionation
      revealed yet another phospholipase A2 activity at pH 5.0 in the absence of Ca2+.
      These findings suggest the presence of more than one phospholipase A2 in the
      ileal mucosa and points to the possible use of a simple procedure for studying
      their distribution and properties.

PMID- 3887550
TI  - Acute cholecystitis. Diagnostic impact of ultrasonography and cholescintigraphy.

PMID- 3887551
TI  - Effect of domperidone on gastro-oesophageal function in normal human subjects.
AB  - The aim of the study was to investigate gastro-oesophageal function in normal
      volunteers after oral administration of domperidone as a single dose (20 mg). The
      study was designed as a double-blind cross-over investigation. Ten healthy men
      (aged 27-50 years; median, 30) joined the study. Oesophageal function tests were
      performed, starting 1.5 h after intake of domperidone or placebo. Gastro
      oesophageal sphincter pressure was measured with a perfused catheter system and a
      continuous pull-through technique. No changes in sphincter pressure were found.
      Peristaltic pressure amplitude in the body of the oesophagus and the duration and
      velocity of peristalsis were measured after wet swallows (bolus 5 ml of water).
      No changes were found. Intragastric pH did not change significantly after
      domperidone. No effect of domperidone on the results of a standard acid-clearing
      test could be found. Plasma concentrations of domperidone did not correlate with
      any of the other variables. In conclusion, domperidone given orally in a dose
      that has been shown to accelerate gastric emptying does not influence gastro
      oesophageal sphincter pressure or peristaltic activity in the normal oesophagus.

PMID- 3887552
TI  - The influence of jejunoileal ratio on plasma electrolytes and liver function in
      intestinal bypass for morbid obesity. A randomized trial.
AB  - In a randomized clinical trial 89 obese patients had end-to-side jejunoileostomy
      with either a 1:3 or a 3:1 ratio between jejunum and ileum left in continuity.
      The duration of postoperative observation was at least 36 months. Repeated
      assessments were made on plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate,
      magnesium, calcium, aspartate aminotransferase, and clotting factors. The major
      findings were that bypass surgery (i) has no important influence on levels of
      sodium, bicarbonate, and calcium, (ii) induces potassium depletion and transient
      liver dysfunction of a degree that is independent of the jejunoileal ratio, and
      (iii) induces a greater magnesium depletion when a long jejunum and short ileum
      segment are left in continuity.

PMID- 3887553
TI  - Pirenzepine versus cimetidine in duodenal ulcer treatment. A clinical and
      microbiological study.
AB  - The therapeutic efficacy of pirenzepine (PIR) and cimetidine (CIM) in duodenal
      ulcer and their effects on the intragastric milieu have been studied in a double
      blind multicentre trial. Seventy-nine patients with endoscopically proven
      duodenal ulcer were randomly allocated to 4 weeks' treatment with either 50 mg
      PIR twice daily or 400 mg CIM twice daily. In addition to clinical and endoscopic
      evaluation and registration of side effects and laboratory test results,
      endoscopically obtained gastric juice was cultured and its nitrite concentration
      was measured before and at the end of the treatment. Seventy-five patients
      completed the study. The treatment groups were comparable with regard to age,
      sex, smoking habits, and consumption of coffee and alcohol. After 4 weeks, 27 of
      37 patients (73%) in the PIR group were completely healed, compared with 29 of 38
      (76%) in the CIM group (NS). The number of patients with side effects was similar
      in both groups, but side effects of antimuscarinic type were more frequently
      reported by patients in the PIR group. Intragastric microbial concentrations
      increased significantly during treatment in both groups but remained well within
      normal limits. No single nitrite concentration before or after treatment exceeded
      the normal range. In conclusion, the two drugs were about equally effective in
      the short-term treatment of duodenal ulcer disease. In the doses given they did
      not adversely affect the intragastric milieu.

PMID- 3887554
TI  - Frequency of endocrine disorders in patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
AB  - To evaluate the frequency of associated endocrine disorders, 26 patients with the
      Zollinger-Ellison syndrome were restudied in a uniform screening programme. The
      examinations were directed primarily against disorders in the pituitary,
      parathyroid, thyroid, adrenal cortex, and endocrine pancreas. Fourteen endocrine
      disorders were found in 10 patients (38%). Ten of these were newly diagnosed.
      Five patients had hyperparathyroidism, and in two of these a pituitary adenoma
      was also suspected. Two had pituitary adenomas, one was suspected of having a
      pituitary adenoma and one of having adrenocortical hypofunction, and one showed
      multiple hormone production with hypoglycaemia and flushing. It is concluded that
      most cases of associated endocrinopathies are not diagnosed until specifically
      looked for. In the Danish population of patients with the Zollinger-Ellison
      syndrome the prevalence is about 38%.

PMID- 3887555
TI  - Gastroscopic findings after treatment with enteric-coated and plain naproxen
      tablets in healthy subjects.
AB  - The damaging effect of enteric-coated and plain naproxen tablets on the gastric
      mucosa was studied in 12 healthy subjects before and after 7 days' treatment in a
      randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, cross-over trial. Both formulations of
      the drug caused mucosal lesions, but the extent of the damage was significantly
      decreased after enteric-coated naproxen as compared with plain tablets. The
      subjects' preference was significantly in favour of the enteric-coated naproxen
      tablets. The plasma naproxen concentration was significantly higher after
      treatment with enteric-coated naproxen than after treatment with plain tablets.
      In conclusion, the results of the study indicate that naproxen might damage the
      gastric mucosa by local and systemic effects and that the local effect might be
      prevented by enteric coating of the tablets.

PMID- 3887556
TI  - Application of electroblotting technique to studies of the intestinal antibody
      response to extractable fecal antigens.
AB  - Water-soluble and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-extractable fractions were
      prepared from feces of four patients with inflammatory and six with non
      inflammatory bowel disease. Both types of fractions were run on polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis, followed by electroblotting on nitrocellulose sheets of the
      separated components. The antibody reactivities in serum and in the intestinal
      wall against the extracted and separated fecal components were investigated. A
      striking lack of reactivity was observed when serum was used as antibody source
      against the fecal extracts both in patients with inflamed and in those with non
      inflamed intestinal mucosa. The locally produced gut-associated IgG reacted more
      intensely with SDS-extractable fecal components than with water-soluble
      components. A strong reaction between intestinal-wall IgG extracts and a water
      soluble antigen of 46-48 kD in the feces of two colitis patients was, however,
      observed. No clear correlation between the single bands and the occurrence of
      inflammatory bowel disease could be established because of the small number of
      patients.

PMID- 3887557
TI  - Characterization of two murine monoclonal antibodies reactive with human B cells.
      Their use in a high-yield, high-purity method for isolation of B cells and
      utilization of such cells in an assay for B-cell stimulating factor.
AB  - We describe two monoclonal antibodies, HH1 and HH2. Both reacted selectively with
      surface immunoglobulin (sIg)-positive human B cells. Both antibodies stained on
      average 7-8% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. They have not been found to
      react with cells or cell lines of other haematopoietic cell lineages, except that
      HH2 was positive on a small percentage of cells of the erythroid cell line K562.
      The molecular weight of the HH1 antigen was 95 kD, as established by Western
      blotting. Neither of these two antibodies reacted with Ig determinants, Fc
      receptors, complement receptors, or known class-I or class-II molecules. A
      combination of these antibodies was used in a direct panning technique for high
      yield enrichment of normal B lymphocytes from peripheral blood. The enriched B
      cells could be further purified by lysis of T cells (final yield, on average 72
      +/- 8% of initial B cells) or by a second panning (yield, 35 +/- 11%). The
      purified B cells contained less than 1% contaminating T cells and less than 0.5%
      monocytes and were used in an assay for B-cell-stimulating factor which they
      showed a normal and very reproducible proliferative response.

PMID- 3887558
TI  - Plasma fibronectin is initially decreased during septicemia.
AB  - Plasma fibronectin (PFN) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 24 normals
      and serially in 24 septic patients without underlying major trauma. All patients
      responded promptly to antibiotic therapy and none developed signs of shock or
      disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). After an initial decrease in PFN
      registered in most of the septic patients, the levels were normalized within 2
      weeks of antibiotic treatment. The mean nadir levels of PFN were decreased (p
      less than 0.001) both in patients with gram-negative and gram-positive etiologies
      compared to the control group. Furthermore, the mean PFN value of the gram
      positive group was lower (p less than 0.05) than that of the gram-negative group.
      It is concluded that a transient depletion of PFN is a constant finding in septic
      patients with a favourable outcome and that a single low PFN level alone does not
      justify fibronectin replacement therapy nor does it indicate a poor prognosis.

PMID- 3887559
TI  - Scandinavian quality surveys of gentamicin assays 1978-1983.
AB  - During 1978-1983 44 Scandinavian laboratories participated in 7 quality surveys
      of gentamicin serum assays. In each survey 2 test solutions of gentamicin were
      distributed. In the first 4 surveys very few non-microbiological assays were used
      while in the 7th survey almost half the laboratories had access to enzyme
      immunoassay (EMIT). The gentamicin survey mean (SM) concentrations, which did not
      differ significantly from the intended concentrations, were used as target
      values. In survey 1, 65% of the results of either of the 2 test solutions were
      outside the SM +/- 25% and 16% were outside SM +/- 50% ("highly misleading"). In
      surveys 5 and 7 the corresponding figures were 27 and 5% and 18 and 0%,
      respectively. The EMIT performed excellently in all surveys. Agar well diffusion
      assays using Diagnostic Sensitivity Test agar (Oxoid) performed better than other
      plate diffusion assays. Laboratories participating regularly performed better
      than others. It is concluded that the survey program, which continues, provides
      an external facility for unbiased control of commercially available as well as
      non-commercial assay techniques and that it has been instrumental in the
      improvement of gentamicin assay standard. It is stressed that the surveys cannot
      replace internal quality control, best performed by daily measurement and regular
      statistical evaluation of samples of known potency.

PMID- 3887560
TI  - Cefadroxil once daily for three or seven days versus amoxycillin for seven days
      in uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women.
AB  - The cure rate of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection in general practice
      using 3 different treatment regimens, was studied in a randomized, multicenter
      trial. Patients were assigned to receive either cefadroxil 1 g once daily for 3
      or 7 days or amoxycillin 375 mg t.i.d. for 7 days. 310 patients entered the
      study, of whom 230 could be evaluated according to the protocol. Two thirds of
      the cases were due to infections with Escherichia coli and about one fourth to
      Staphylococcus saprophyticus. No statistically significant differences in cure
      rates between the 3 regimens could be demonstrated neither at 1 week nor at 5
      weeks of follow-up. The frequency of adverse reactions was low and similar in
      each treatment group.

PMID- 3887561
TI  - Current trends in the biological monitoring of exposure to carcinogens.
AB  - The biological monitoring of exposure to carcinogens and mutagens has gained a
      lot of research interest recently. Biological monitoring data, in conjunction
      with environmental monitoring data, will provide information for the needed
      exposure assessment for directing preventive actions. For the reviewed
      carcinogens aromatic amines, benzene, ethylene oxide, aflatoxins, N-nitroso
      compounds, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and alkylating anticancer drugs,
      there are methods which are already routine in practice, whereas some promising
      methods are still used only for research purposes.

PMID- 3887562
TI  - [A brief review on cocaine].
AB  - Alongside the much more familiar heroin, cocaine is assuming increasing
      importance. This one-time cultivated plant of the Indios is thriving again and
      posing new problems in the therapy of drug abuse. To assist the general
      practitioner, who is increasingly confronted with drug problems, a brief report
      is presented on the origins, history, use and effects of cocaine. Finally, some
      pointers for therapy are given.

PMID- 3887563
TI  - [Improvement of preoperative evaluation of palpable, noncystic processes of the
      breast by echomammography].
AB  - Sonographic examination of the female breast has now been generally accepted as a
      clinical examination method. 1 719 patients were subjected to echomammography
      within the framework of a prospective study. Histologically confirmed results
      were obtained from 496 palpable findings. Basing on these findings, the value of
      echomammography was developed in respect of preoperative clarification of
      palpable carcinomas of the breast. X-ray mammography served as reference method.
      In benign findings, echomammographic accuracy is 73%, whereas the accuracy of x
      ray mammography was found to be 58% only. Fibroadenomas were recognised as a
      benign process by both methods with an equal quota of accuracy (71% and 73%,
      respectively). 82% of all fibrocystic mastopathy findings which could be
      localised via palpation, were sonographically graded as benign, whereas
      mammography classified only 49% as benign cases. This difference is statistically
      significant (p less than 0.001). Palpable carcinomas wee considered to be
      malignant via sonography in 91% of the cases (179 out of 197), whereas x-ray
      mammography yielded a rate of 82% only. The intraoperative T1 stage was
      established by sonography in 85% of the palpable carcinomas, whereas x-ray
      mammography yielded a figure of 76% only. These results underline the importance
      of echomammography in preoperative clarification of palpable carcinomas of the
      breast.

PMID- 3887564
TI  - [Thyroid gland and parathyroid gland changes in ultrasound (real time B image)].
AB  - Using a high-resolution real-time B-imager, examinations of the thyroid and
      parathyroid glands of 112 patients revealed small focal lesions (more than 3 mm
      diameter: thyroid gland, parathyroid gland) as well as diffuse alterations
      (thyroid gland). The following focal lesions were found: Adenomas of the
      parathyroid gland (n = 9), haemangiomas of thyroid gland (n = 3), adenomas of
      thyroid gland (n = 2), metastases into the thyroid gland (n = 7), primary cancer
      of the thyroid gland or its recurrence (n = 3) and metastases of different
      cancers in soft tissue of the neck regions (n = 8). A struma nodosa was diagnosed
      in 15 patients. With regard to diffuse alterations of the thyroid gland,
      atrophies (n = 6), aplasieas of 1 lobe (n = 2), thyreoiditides (n = 3), and
      struma diffuse (n = 5). In 49 of 52 cases morphological alterations of the
      thyroid gland could be excluded, while for the other 3 patients, who had been
      operated on in the region of the neck, no final evaluation was possible. On
      comparing these findings with the results of computed tomography and
      scintigraphy, ultrasound as a screening method showed the highest sensitivity
      while its specificity could be enlarged by considering the results of
      scintigraphy. Decision by ultrasound only as to whether a focal lesion was benign
      or malignant was only possible under certain circumstances. However, a
      histological diagnosis could not be made by ultrasound.

PMID- 3887565
TI  - [Sonographically guided percutaneous fine needle puncture of space occupying
      processes of the abdomen and retroperitoneum].
AB  - In the past four years percutaneous ultrasonically guided fine needle aspiration
      biopsies of space occupying lesions of the abdomen and retroperitoneum wee
      performed on 180 patients. There were 71 aspirations of cystic and 169
      aspirations of solid lesions. Amongst the latter pancreas was first with 67
      followed by the liver with 58, the kidney with 31 and other organs of the abdomen
      with 13 aspirations. No diagnostic material was obtained in 27 percent of
      aspirations of the pancreas and in 18 percent of kidney aspirations. The
      cytological diagnoses were right positive in 88 percent and false negative in 12
      percent. There was no false positive result. 5 pseudocysts of the pancreas wee
      aspirated therapeutically, in one case 8 times subsequently. The only
      complication of all aspirations was a pancreatitis which healed under
      conservative treatment. There were 4 therapeutic aspirations of kidney cysts. 860
      ml urine was drained from the largest cyst. We conclude that percutaneous
      ultrasonically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy is an easy, safe and painless
      method of diagnosis of space occupying lesions of the abdomen and
      retroperitoneum. The same applies to therapeutic aspirations of cysts of the
      pancreas and kidney.

PMID- 3887566
TI  - [Ultrasound guided puncture of wall fixed intrathoracic processes].
AB  - To improve differentiation of intrathoracic lesions in the vicinity of the chest
      wall, 167 patients were investigated via sonography. In the case of an indication
      the lesions were punctured, assisted by sonography. Sonography proved helpful in
      differentiating between liquid and solid masses and in localising the spot for
      puncture resulting in the successful removal of material for cytologic analysis
      in all our cases without any complications. The results of the study are
      presented, and the sonographic morphology is shown.

PMID- 3887567
TI  - [Sonographic differential diagnosis of intestinal obstruction--results of a
      prospective study of 48 patients].
AB  - Based on a routine ultrasonic screening program of patients suffering from acute
      abdominal disorders, the efficacy of ultrasonic diagnosis of intestinal
      obstruction was assessed prospectively in a series of 48 patients. In the entire
      series proven to suffer from ileus, all were correctly diagnosed prior to further
      procedures. In cases with marked gaseous distention, typical ultrasonic patterns
      were objectivated using a side position of the patients. The assessment of
      specific mucosal structures permitted the identification of the obstruction site
      in mechanical ileus. Sonographic observation in real time motion yielded a
      differential diagnosis of cases with persisting peristalsis and cases with
      complete paralysis. In 6 cases, causative diagnosis of ileus was achieved by
      sonography alone, in 12 cases by combination of clinical and sonographic
      findings.

PMID- 3887568
TI  - [Sonography of superficial areas using a silicone elastomer block].
AB  - The use of an echo-free silicone block instead of a conventional water bath to
      assess superficial structures is described. The block is easy to handle; echo
      reverberations can be avoided.

PMID- 3887569
TI  - Diagnostic ultrasound.

PMID- 3887570
TI  - Function and autoregulation of yeast copperthionein.
AB  - The CUP1 gene of yeast encodes a small, metallothionein-like protein that binds
      to and is inducible by copper. A gene replacement experiment shows that this
      protein protects cells against copper poisoning but is dispensable for normal
      cellular growth and development throughout the yeast life cycle. The
      transcription of CUP1 is negatively autoregulated. This feedback mechanism, which
      is mediated through upstream control sequences, may play an important role in
      heavy metal homeostasis.

PMID- 3887571
TI  - Qinghaosu (artemisinin): an antimalarial drug from China.
AB  - The herb Artemisia annua has been used for many centuries in Chinese traditional
      medicine as a treatment for fever and malaria. In 1971, Chinese chemists isolated
      from the leafy portions of the plant the substance responsible for its reputed
      medicinal action. This compound, called qinghaosu (QHS, artemisinin), is a
      sesquiterpene lactone that bears a peroxide grouping and, unlike most other
      antimalarials, lacks a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring system. The compound
      has been used successfully in several thousand malaria patients in China,
      including those with both chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains
      of Plasmodium falciparum. Derivatives of QHS, such as dihydroqinghaosu,
      artemether, and the water-soluble sodium artesunate, appear to be more potent
      than QHS itself. Sodium artesunate acts rapidly in restoring to consciousness
      comatose patients with cerebral malaria. Thus QHS and its derivatives offer
      promise as a totally new class of antimalarials.

PMID- 3887572
TI  - [Experiences with the meniscus suture].

PMID- 3887574
TI  - Single ventricle.

PMID- 3887573
TI  - [Eduard Rehn fracture treatment and reconstructive surgery in Freiburg--or the
      scientific tradition reflected in current knowledge].

PMID- 3887575
TI  - Approaches to medical geography: an historical perspective.
AB  - This paper provides a brief account of the development of various approaches to
      medical geography through a tree diagram. It is possible to visually present six
      important aspects of medical geography through this diagram: various approaches
      to medical geography; the approximate time of their developments; the mother
      approaches from which they originated; their relationships with other approaches;
      scale; and extent of studies done in the past.

PMID- 3887577
TI  - Extracranial carotid vascular disease: detection by real time B-mode
      ultrasonography.
AB  - Real time B-mode ultrasonography is a currently popular technique used to screen
      patients with suspected carotid vascular disease and identify those who need
      cerebral angiography. From September 1981 through February 1983, 1,205 patients
      had carotid ultrasonography in the Vascular Laboratory at Erlanger Medical
      Center. Retrospective review of these patients identified 260 who also had
      cerebral angiography. In these 260 patients, 517 arteries were studied with
      ultrasound and then compared to angiographic results, using the angiograms as
      control. In this study, there was a technical success rate of 89% for all
      ultrasonic procedures done. With positive disease considered as stenosis of more
      than 40%, the overall accuracy was 79%, sensitivity was 81%, and specificity was
      77%. The false-positive rate was 14% and the false-negative rate 7%. Carotid
      ultrasonography accurately detected total vessel occlusion in 91% of such cases.
      Ultrasonic studies were not consistently accurate in the detection of ulcerative
      plaques where compared to angiographic results.

PMID- 3887576
TI  - Neoplasia in immunosuppressed renal transplant patients: a 20-year experience.
AB  - This review examines a 20-year experience in renal transplantation at our center
      to determine the effects of immunosuppression on the subsequent development of
      malignancies. Twenty patients had 21 malignancies from primary sites other than
      skin, yielding an incidence of 2.5%. There were 0.65 malignancies for each 100
      cumulative patient years of immunosuppression. Suppression of the host immune
      response is associated with an increased incidence of malignancies.

PMID- 3887578
TI  - Recurrent bacterial pneumonia: a contemporary perspective.
AB  - Numerous clinical disorders predispose to "recurrent bacterial pneumonia."
      Identification and treatment of some of these predisposing conditions will reduce
      associated morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditures. In young adults
      these disorders include cystic fibrosis, the immotile-cilia syndrome, Young's
      syndrome, pulmonary sequestration, and bronchiectasis. Disorders enhancing
      recurrent bacterial pneumonia in older adults include chronic obstructive lung
      disease, bronchial obstruction, specific malignancies, hypogammaglobulinemia,
      alcoholism, neurologic diseases, and esophageal abnormalities.

PMID- 3887579
TI  - Current status of magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 3887580
TI  - Apathetic thyrotoxicosis due to hemorrhage into a hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule
      after excessive anticoagulation.
AB  - Hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule was diagnosed in a 72-year-old woman. When the
      nodule reached a diameter of 3.5 cm, overt thyrotoxicosis of the apathetic type
      was precipitated by hemorrhage into the nodule during a period of excessive
      anticoagulation. All abnormal physical signs and symptoms as well as laboratory
      findings returned to normal within a month, without any specific treatment. It
      was possible to follow this process by repeated B-mode sonographic examinations
      and thyroid scans.

PMID- 3887581
TI  - [Value of echotomography in hepatobiliary pathology in tropical areas].

PMID- 3887582
TI  - [Contribution of I.A. Kassirskii, Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical
      Sciences, to studies on geographic pathology].

PMID- 3887583
TI  - [Blood coagulation and thrombocyte aggregation in patients with diabetes mellitus
      after administration of insulin].

PMID- 3887584
TI  - [Dermatological aspects of diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3887585
TI  - [Diarrhea in tourists].

PMID- 3887586
TI  - [The cellular basis of myocardial contractile insufficiency].

PMID- 3887587
TI  - Chymodiactin in patients with herniated lumbar intervertebral disc(s). An open
      label, multicenter study.
AB  - To extent the safety information for Chymodiactin (chymopapain for injection), 37
      neurologic and orthopedic surgeons conducted an open-label, multicenter, phase 3
      clinical study. A total of 1,498 patients with one or two herniated lumbar
      intervertebral discs were enrolled. Therapeutic results were generally favorable,
      with the percentages of patients achieving either excellent or good (or
      successful) results ranging from 79.6% to 88.9%, depending on criteria employed
      in the tabulation. There were 13 cases of anaphylaxis, and 2 of these patients
      died of complications of anaphylaxis. Two additional patients experienced serious
      neurologic problems. The first of these two patients developed transverse
      myelitis and paraplegia approximately 3 weeks following chemonucleolysis.
      Transdural discograms at three levels had been done approximately 2 days prior to
      chemonucleolysis, in violation of the protocol. The second patient developed
      acute cauda equina syndrome, and, despite emergency laminectomy, had permanent
      neurologic sequelae. Back spasm and stiffness/soreness were the most frequently
      encountered adverse experiences.

PMID- 3887588
TI  - The age-old back problem: new fad; same fallacies.

PMID- 3887590
TI  - [Efficient splenic diagnosis using sonography and computed tomography].

PMID- 3887591
TI  - Getting consensus on ultrasound in pregnancy.

PMID- 3887589
TI  - [Recent investigations in the chemotherapy of onchocerciasis].

PMID- 3887592
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the southern Transvaal.

PMID- 3887593
TI  - Clonidine and guanfacine--comparison of their effects on haemodynamics in
      hypertension.
AB  - The pharmacology of central alpha-adrenoceptor-stimulating agents is discussed,
      with particular reference to clonidine (Catapres; Boehringer Ingelheim) and
      guanfacine (Estulic; Sandoz), and their haemodynamic effects are compared and
      contrasted. The main differences between the effects of clonidine and guanfacine
      on hypertension are: guanfacine activates presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors 10
      times more selectively than clonidine; guanfacine has an alpha 2/alpha 1
      selectivity ration 25 times higher than clonidine; clonidine decreases cardiac
      output and guanfacine decreases peripheral resistance, clonidine has no effect on
      stroke volume but guanfacine increases it; and when the clonidine withdrawal
      syndrome in the spontaneously hypertensive rat is compared with cessation of
      guanfacine treatment at an equipotent antihypertensive dose, the withdrawal
      syndrome after guanfacine appears later and is much less severe. Guanfacine may
      be preferable to clonidine as a central alpha-adrenoceptor stimulant in the
      treatment of hypertension.

PMID- 3887594
TI  - Source of cadaver kidneys for transplantation at Johannesburg Hospital.
AB  - The Johannesburg Hospital Renal Transplantation Unit obtains cadaver kidneys from
      throughout the Transvaal; they are also exchanged with other transplantation
      centres in the RSA. Analysis of the cause of death of kidney donors shows that
      motor vehicle accidents, suicide and cerebrovascular disease make up the
      majority. An encouraging feature has been the significant contribution from non
      teaching hospitals and private institutions in the Johannesburg area and the
      effort made by more remote hospitals to help to ensure an adequate supply.

PMID- 3887595
TI  - Sexual abuse of children--a review.
AB  - Child molestation, in and out of the family, is becoming a much better recognized
      serious and complex problem. General practitioners, paediatricians and casualty
      officers are often the first health professionals to be aware of these
      situations. Guidelines are given on how to recognize the presenting symptoms and
      how to deal with the situation holistically. The latter includes physical and
      psychological management of the victim, dealing with the family in this type of
      crisis, and a therapeutic rather than punitive approach towards the perpetrator.

PMID- 3887596
TI  - The Balint movement in South Africa. An overview after 10 years.
AB  - The background to, initiation of and development of Balint work in the RSA over
      the past decade is described and discussed. Special reference is made to the
      establishment of Balint groups in various centres. The formation of the South
      African Balint Society, its activities and its place in the South African medical
      scene as well as in the international Balint Federation are also dealt with.
      Finally, some comments are made regarding the future of the Balint movement in
      this country.

PMID- 3887597
TI  - Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on the wedge pressure reading.

PMID- 3887598
TI  - Maximal pancreatic beta-cell stimulation and the counter-regulatory hormonal
      responses in South African black and white obese subjects.
AB  - We evaluated beta-cell secretory capacity over 60 minutes in response to oral
      glucose (75 g) followed 30 minutes later by the intravenous injection of
      tolbutamide 0,5 g and glucagon 1 mg (combined) in 10 black and 8 white obese non
      diabetic female volunteers. Thirty minutes after oral glucose administration both
      insulin and C-peptide levels were significantly higher in the white group. The
      levels of both substances after tolbutamide-glucagon stimulation were likewise
      higher in the white group at all times, being significantly so 30 minutes after
      the injection. Hepatic extraction of insulin, calculated as the C-peptide:
      insulin molar ratio, was similar in both groups. These results indicate that the
      beta-cell secretory capacity of black obese subjects is less than that of whites.
      In response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in 6 of the black and 5 of the white
      subjects, the pancreatic glucagon rise was lower in the black group, despite
      greater falls in plasma glucose levels. In view of this finding it is possible
      that blacks may be at risk of slower recovery from insulin-induced hypoglycaemia.

PMID- 3887599
TI  - Traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta. A report of 14 cases and a review of the
      literature.
AB  - The major controversy in the surgical repair of acute traumatic rupture of the
      aorta (TRA) is about the need for distal perfusion and whether or not the
      benefits of clamping justify the risks involved. To resolve this issue, our
      experience and 596 cases of acute TRA reported in the English-language literature
      were reviewed. The operative mortality and incidence of paraplegia among patients
      who underwent total or partial cardiopulmonary bypass, local temporary aorto
      aortic shunting or simple cross-clamping were analysed statistically. The
      respective mortality rates after the above three procedures were 16,7%, 11,4% and
      5,8%, and mortality was significantly increased when distal perfusion techniques
      were used (P less than 0,01). The incidences of paraplegia among patients who
      underwent partial left heart bypass, temporary shunting and simple aortic cross
      clamping were 2,2%, 2,3% and 5,8% respectively (the differences did not reach
      statistical significance). Methods of management are discussed. Simple aortic
      cross-clamping remains the method of choice in uncomplicated cases of acute TRA.

PMID- 3887600
TI  - The campomelic syndrome--prenatal ultrasound investigations. A case report.
AB  - The campomelic syndrome is a skeletal dysplasia of unknown aetiology which is
      apparent at birth and is characterized by bilateral bowing of the tibiae,
      clubfoot and other multiple congenital abnormalities. Up to 50% of cases are
      either stillborn or die within 24 hours of birth in respiratory distress. With a
      few exceptions, the remainder die within 10 months. The patient in this report
      demonstrated characteristic features of the syndrome which were detected
      antenatally by ultrasound and confirmed after delivery. The apparently female
      infant died 2 hours postpartum in respiratory distress, but was subsequently
      found to have a 46,XY chromosome constitution. Autopsy and postmortem radiographs
      revealed multiple congenital abnormalities consistent with the campomelic
      syndrome. The findings in this case are discussed and the possibility of
      antenatal diagnosis is raised.

PMID- 3887601
TI  - Ultrastructure of protoplasts from mycelium and microconidia of Trichophyton
      mentagrophytes.
AB  - Protoplast formation from mycelium and microconidia of Trichophyton
      mentagrophytes was achieved with Novozym 234. Pretreatment procedures with
      dithiothreitol or urea mercaptoethanol sodium lauryl sulphate before digestion
      with Novozym 234 greatly reduced protoplast yield from mycelium. Snail gut enzyme
      did not protoplasts in good yield. Scanning electron microscopy of mycelium
      protoplasts showed the acquired spherical shape. The plasma membrane appeared
      finely granular although remnants of cell wall could sometimes be observed.
      Transmission electron microscopy showed the cell interior of these protoplasts
      was plasmolysed. Microconidia treated with Novozym 234 displayed a range of cell
      wall digestion, with intact protoplasts showing distinct cytoplasmic organelles.

PMID- 3887602
TI  - Secreted phospholipases of the dimorphic fungus, Candida albicans; separation of
      three enzymes and some biological properties.
AB  - Several phospholipases are secreted into the culture medium by growing yeast
      cells of Candida albicans 3125. DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography of
      concentrated culture filtrate revealed three separable fractions with
      phospholipase activities. Analysis of products of hydrolysis showed that the
      enzyme activities were lysophospholipase, lysophospholipase-transacylase and a
      phospholipase B.

PMID- 3887603
TI  - Germ tube-forming cells of Candida albicans are more susceptible to clotrimazole
      induced killing than yeast cells.
AB  - Yeast and germ tube-forming cells of Candida albicans were compared with respect
      to their susceptibility to killing induced by the imidazole antifungal
      clotrimazole. Cultures consisting largely of germ tube-forming cells or
      exclusively yeast cells were prepared by incubating cells of a germ tube
      proficient strain in a proline-containing phosphate buffer at 37 degrees C or 25
      degrees C, respectively. When treated with clotrimazole at 37 degrees C, the
      cultures of germ tube cells lost colony-forming ability much more rapidly than
      those of yeast cells. However, this difference was diminished in the cells
      preincubated at 37 degrees C but prevented from forming germ tubes by 5 mM
      cysteine, a suppressor of germ tube formation. In another C. albicans isolate
      showing a very poor capacity to form germ tubes at 37 degrees C, such a
      difference in killing rate was much smaller than that for the germ tube
      proficient strain. Furthermore, when an isogenic pair of strains, one proficient
      and the other deficient in germ tube formation, were compared with each other,
      germ tube-forming cultures of the former were found to be more sensitive than
      yeast cell cultures of the latter. It is inferred from these results that the
      germ tube-forming cell of C. albicans is more sensitive to clotrimazole-induced
      killing than the yeast cell.

PMID- 3887604
TI  - Production and regeneration of protoplasts from Cryptococcus.
AB  - Protoplasts were quickly and efficiently produced from both varieties of
      Cryptococcus neoformans and from C. laurentii by use of the multi-enzyme product
      Novozym 234. Conditions for regeneration of protoplasts are described. DNA yield
      from the Novozym-produced protoplasts was superior to that from snail gut enzyme
      derived protoplasts.

PMID- 3887605
TI  - Unilateral involvement of kidneys in mice infected with Candida albicans.
AB  - Mice injected with 10(3) cells of a virulent isolate of Candida albicans via the
      lateral tail vein developed frequent unilateral abnormalities of the right but
      not the left kidneys. Initially the number of colony forming units in the right
      and left kidneys were similar but the number of colonies became consistently
      higher in the right kidneys as the infection progressed. The frequency of
      unilateral involvement decreased when the inoculum size was increased to 5 X
      10(3) cells. These observations indicate that when growth of C. albicans in vivo
      is monitored over a period of time starting with a low inoculum, it is critical
      to be consistent in culturing kidneys from the same side.

PMID- 3887606
TI  - [Tissue preparation and functional impressions for complete dentures].

PMID- 3887607
TI  - [Changes in the bonded bridge and its current technics].

PMID- 3887608
TI  - [Prosthodontics for better prognosis--2].

PMID- 3887609
TI  - [The problem of abrasion in prosthetic dentistry].

PMID- 3887610
TI  - [Prosthodontic procedures for cleft palate patients and clinical observations-
      2].

PMID- 3887611
TI  - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history. Secret book
      on oral medicine published in 1762].

PMID- 3887612
TI  - Fifty years ago.

PMID- 3887613
TI  - Family practice social work: a new area of specialization.
AB  - Many physical problems presented to family physicians by their patients often
      involve psychosocial variables with stress being a major one. Though family
      medicine advocates a biopsychosocial focus, one that is compatible with social
      work, the psychosocial aspects of health are often ignored. The involvement of
      social workers in the private practices of family physicians to deal with such
      problems is discussed in this paper as a new area of specialization. Issues such
      as the medicine-social work gap and the financing of social work services in
      private family medical practice are also addressed. It is concluded that this
      should be considered a new area of specialization. However, social workers must
      take the initiative in its development.

PMID- 3887614
TI  - Liver transplantation.
AB  - Liver replacement has become a viable treatment option for select patients with
      severe acute or chronic hepatic failure. Evaluation of potential candidates is
      discussed along with current techniques for donor organ retrieval, recipient
      implantation, and postoperative immunosuppression.

PMID- 3887615
TI  - Inflammatory breast cancer.
AB  - Of all malignancies in women, perhaps none is as lethal or as frustrating to the
      surgeon as inflammatory breast cancer. No significant progress in curing or
      controlling inflammatory breast cancer was made until the last decade, when
      investigators, noting the futility of local therapies, applied systemic therapies
      with some significant improvement in survival. This article outlines the
      epidemiology, clinical signs, differential diagnosis, pathology, and treatment of
      this disease.

PMID- 3887617
TI  - Alternatives to conventional ileostomy in chronic ulcerative colitis.
AB  - As long as surgeons have performed total proctocolectomy with permanent
      ileostomy, efforts have been made to avoid the necessity for a permanent stoma.
      Preservation of sphincter function can now be achieved by more liberal
      application of the operation of abdominal colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis in
      carefully selected patients, and knowledge of the progression from dysplasia to
      cancer can be applied in a prospective fashion to those persons potentially at
      risk who have retained rectal mucosa. Individuals who are incapable of dealing
      with conventional permanent ileostomy and who lack the potential use of their own
      sphincters can be offered the alternative of a continent ileostomy. The
      advantages of both of these procedures can be combined by greater application of
      the operation of total abdominal colectomy, mucosal proctectomy, and ileoanal
      reservoir with ileoanal anastomosis. Although enthusiasm exists for all of these
      procedures, their results should be compared with the results of what must still
      be considered the "gold standard" operation, that is, proctocolectomy and
      conventional ileostomy. Nevertheless, the alternative procedures represent a
      considerable advance in the overall care of patients with chronic ulcerative
      colitis.

PMID- 3887616
TI  - Adjuvant therapy in primary breast cancer.
AB  - This article considers the role of adjuvant therapy in primary breast cancer,
      utilizing data from randomized prospective clinical trials as illustrative
      examples. The ongoing efforts targeted toward addressing some of the unresolved
      issues are underscored.

PMID- 3887618
TI  - Preoperative evaluation of the high-risk patient.
AB  - The benefits of surgery are usually clear and easy to define. The risk to which a
      particular patient is subjected during a specific operation, however, is a
      multifactorial and complex question related to preoperative condition, the
      complexity of the surgery proposed, and the skill and experience of the surgeon.
      We have concentrated our discussion only on preoperative evaluation of the
      patient's condition. By our system of evaluation of preoperative cardiac,
      pulmonary, carotid artery, nutritional, and general medical status some
      estimation of the risk of postoperative complication can be formulated. In some
      of our discussion we reported studies of other investigators, in which the
      likelihood of postoperative complications was expressed in percentages. An
      approach derived by study of groups of patients may or may not apply to a
      particular patient. Although such an approach may not be entirely accurate, it
      can assist in the estimation of the chance of serious postoperative
      complications. Obviously the most ideal situation would be to define precisely
      the risks and benefits of each operative procedure we recommend to a patient.
      Because this is not possible, we should state the benefits and estimate the risks
      of surgery preoperatively. We should also delay operation until the patient's
      preoperative condition is optimal, thereby decreasing the risks of complications.
      With a systematic preoperative evaluation these goals can be approximated. A
      critical part of the benefit-to-risk equation is the surgeon's judgment of
      whether the patient is a good operative risk. This opinion should not be ignored
      and should be part of any system of preoperative evaluation of risk of
      postoperative complications.

PMID- 3887619
TI  - Operative therapy for anal incontinence.
AB  - Operative therapy for fecal incontinence requires exact understanding of the
      anatomic and physiologic principles involved and of the potential
      pathophysiologic mechanisms. Many injuries of the external sphincter can be
      treated by direct sphincter repair. Extensive obstetric injuries with loss of the
      perineal body require not only reconstitution of the perineal musculature but
      also plastic surgical reconstruction of the perineal skin. Patients with
      descending perineum syndrome and resultant idiopathic fecal incontinence or
      rectal prolapse with associated incontinence should be treated with postanal
      plication of the puborectalis sling. Patients who have complex neurologic
      disorders or who have undergone previous unsuccessful attempts at repair of the
      puborectalis itself should be considered for placement of a Silastic sling.
      Diverting colostomy is rarely necessary; it should be performed only after
      thorough investigation and failure of all reasonable alternative operative
      procedures.

PMID- 3887620
TI  - Preoperative evaluation of the biliary tract.
AB  - When clinically suspected, obstructive jaundice presents the clinician with the
      problem of selecting the most suitable tests and determining the order in which
      they should be performed. Technology has provided a number of highly specific and
      quite expensive procedures. The studies most appropriately performed are
      ultrasonography, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, ERCP, flexible
      choledochoscopy, CT scan of the abdomen, HIDA scan, and intravenous
      cholangiography. The algorithmic approach is clinically helpful in this situation
      and is recommended as a useful guide.

PMID- 3887621
TI  - Management of cancer of the bile duct.
AB  - Tumors of the bile duct are uncommon. Most patients will present with a syndrome
      of obstructive jaundice, but in a few patients the tumor can mimic benign disease
      of the biliary tract. Cholangiography continues to be the basis of diagnosis and
      gives important information for a decision on therapy. Histologic diagnosis is
      helpful when available, although frequently difficult to obtain and not always
      possible. The overall prognosis for these patients remains poor. Currently, a
      multidisciplinary approach is required to select for each patient the best
      therapy with the lowest morbidity and mortality. It should include a surgeon,
      gastrointestinal endoscopist, interventional radiologist, and radiotherapist. The
      prognosis for a patient appears to be related to the tumor's location,
      resectability, and, in our experience, differentiation. Therapy should be
      tailored to each patient based on location of the tumor, extent of the disease,
      condition of the patient, expertise available in each institution, and morbidity
      and mortality associated with each procedure. At the Lahey Clinic, the
      resectability rate for bile duct tumor is currently 25 per cent. Resection is
      more frequently possible for tumor of the distal bile duct and can result in a
      five-year survival rate of up to 30 per cent. For patients with unresectable
      distal tumor at the time of operation, a proximal hepaticojejunostomy is the
      palliative procedure of choice. If nonresectability of a distal tumor is
      determined before operation, the decision to proceed with an endoscopic placement
      of a stent versus surgical hepaticojejunostomy or placement of a T tube needs to
      be an individual one. Although five-year survival for tumor of the proximal bile
      duct is anecdotal, those patients who undergo resection have the longest survival
      and may have better palliation than those who undergo strictly palliative,
      nonresective procedures. To warrant exploration for resection of tumor of the
      proximal bile duct, careful patient selection is required, and the morbidity and
      mortality of operation must be minimized. An increasing role of percutaneous
      transhepatic techniques of decompression of the biliary tract is expected as they
      improve and gain wider acceptance. They are the procedures of choice in very high
      risk surgical patients or in patients determined before operation to have
      unresectable disease. Improvement in the survival of patients with cancer of the
      bile duct probably depends on development of better adjuvant therapy, such as new
      techniques of radiation therapy and new modalities of chemotherapy, in
      association with surgery or with a percutaneous or endoscopic intubation
      technique.

PMID- 3887622
TI  - Left subcostal approach to the pericardium.
AB  - The subcostal approach, which we used in this series, gives a broader exposure to
      the pericardium than the straight subxiphoid exposure. It was described 40 years
      ago, and for some reason, is not being used widely.

PMID- 3887623
TI  - A simplified technique for revascularization of homografts of the liver with a
      variant right hepatic artery from the superior mesenteric artery.
AB  - A simplified technique for conversion of a complex hepatic arterial supply into a
      common channel is described. This technique permits single vessel anastomosis in
      the recipient of a liver transplant.

PMID- 3887624
TI  - Bengt Ljunggren.

PMID- 3887625
TI  - An adapter for computed tomography-guided stereotaxis.
AB  - A new, versatile adapter for computed tomography-guided stereotaxis is presented.
      The instrument consists of a light aluminum frame, which by means of a nasion
      support and two ear plugs is fixed to the patient's head. Reproducibility of
      repeated fixations is very high. The adapter is fitted to most stereotactic
      frames and can be used in all adult patients. Comparison between computed
      tomography- and ventriculography-guided determinations of thalamic targets showed
      a mean difference of 0.6 and 0.7 mm for the x and y coordinates, respectively.
      The z coordinates seldom showed any measurable difference. We now perform all
      types of stereotactic neurosurgery (tumor biopsy, implantation of depth
      electrodes, thalamotomy, dentatotomy, cingulotomy, etc.) with computed tomography
      guidance only. The short-term results in a small number of patients have been at
      least as good as after conventional ventriculography-guided surgery. In addition
      to open stereotactic surgery, the adapter is also suitable for external
      stereotactic irradiation of intracranial targets with a linear accelerator.

PMID- 3887626
TI  - Intracranial granuloma caused by Aspergillus fumigatus.
AB  - A case is reported of intracranial granuloma caused by Aspergillus fumigatus
      involving the anterior cranial fossa and the frontal lobe. In this case, clinical
      symptoms developed about 5 years before the diagnosis was made. The final
      diagnosis was made by a craniotomy. The patient was treated with an extensive
      excision and chemotherapy, but finally he failed to respond to these treatments.
      We compile a summary of reported cases with a tabulation of pertinent information
      and discuss the pathogenesis, prognosis, and difficulty in treating this
      infection.

PMID- 3887627
TI  - Renal autotransplantation versus bypass techniques for renovascular hypertension.
AB  - From 1972 to 1983, 78 patients underwent surgical treatment for renovascular
      hypertension caused by a lesion limited to the trunk of the renal artery. Forty
      five of these patients underwent aortorenal bypass (24 saphenous grafts and 21
      arterial hypogastric grafts); 36 patients (80%) had either a relief of the
      hypertension or were improved. Graft closure occurred in five cases. Thirty-three
      patients were treated by autotransplantation of the kidney. After resection of
      the lesion, the renal artery was anastomosed end-to-end to the hypogastric artery
      or end-to-side to the common iliac artery and the renal vein and side-to-side to
      the iliac vein or the origin of the vena cava. In this group all patients but one
      (97%) had relief of the hypertension or were improved. No thrombosis was
      observed. Late angiography was performed 5 years after surgery in 19 patients
      (nine autotransplantations and 10 bypass operations): patients who underwent
      autotransplantation had no alteration of the renal vessels whereas four patients
      who underwent bypass operations had dilatation of the saphenous vein bypass.
      Renal autotransplantation was superior to the bypass technique in the surgical
      treatment of renovascular hypertension caused by lesions of the trunk of the
      renal artery and may represent a better alternative in the surgical treatment of
      this condition.

PMID- 3887628
TI  - Choledochocholedochostomy, a relatively safe procedure in orthotopic liver
      transplantation.
AB  - The biliary anastomosis has been considered the Achilles heel of liver
      transplantation, and especially the choledochocholedochostomy has been reported
      to be ill-fated. However, based on previous experimental experiences we decided
      to use the choledochocholedochostomy as the biliary anastomosis of preference in
      orthotopic liver transplantation. A choledochocholedochostomy has been performed
      in 29 of the 31 patients who have undergone transplantation since 1979. Five
      complications (17%) were diagnosed, of which one proved to be fatal. Two
      complications were related to the handling of the T-tube and required simple
      laparotomy to solve the intraperitoneal bile leakage. The other three
      complications were major: in one patient the choledochocholedochostomy was
      stenosed, requiring a conversion into a hepaticojejunostomy, while in two
      patients the donor common bile duct became necrotic. One of these patients
      underwent successful retransplantation, while the other died of sepsis. In both
      patients the hepatic artery anastomosis proved to be thrombosed, while in all
      patients without biliary complications the hepatic artery anastomosis was patent
      angiographically or at autopsy. The total incidence of sepsis was 26%, but in
      only four patients (13%) was sepsis related to the choledochocholedochostomy. The
      relationship between the necrosis of the donor bile duct and the patency of the
      hepatic artery anastomosis emphasizes an impeccable surgical technique. The low
      incidence of biliary complications in our 31 patients characterizes the
      choledochocholedochostomy as a relatively safe biliary procedure in clinical
      liver transplantation.

PMID- 3887629
TI  - Assessment of alanine, urea, and glucose interrelationships in normal subjects
      and in patients with sepsis with stable isotopic tracers.
AB  - The kinetic interactions among glucose, alanine, and urea metabolism were studied
      in both normal volunteers and in patients with sepsis by means of a primed,
      constant infusion of stable isotopes. In the normal volunteers, infusion of
      glucose at 4 mg/kg/min suppressed total glucose production, the rate of
      gluconeogenesis from alanine, and the production of urea, despite an increase in
      the rate of release and uptake of alanine. When the glucose infusion rate was
      increased to 8 mg/kg/min, the production of urea decreased further, even though
      gluconeogenesis from alanine was already suppressed by the first infusion. This
      additional N-sparing effect was explainable by an increase in glucose oxidation.
      In the patients with sepsis the basal rates of production of glucose and urea
      were elevated significantly. Glucose infusion (4 mg/kg/min) decreased hepatic
      glycogenolysis but not gluconeogenesis from alanine or urea production. At the
      glucose infusion rate of 8 mg/kg/min, glucose oxidation increased in the patients
      and urea production decreased. Thus in patients with sepsis a higher rate of
      glucose infusion is necessary to achieve nitrogen-sparing effects than is
      necessary in controls because of a lack of suppressibility of gluconeogenesis.
      Because of continued glucose production during glucose infusion, hyperglycemia
      commonly develops during glucose infusion in sepsis. However, this effect does
      not necessarily indicate a complete inability of the patient with sepsis to
      benefit nutritionally from infused glucose, as we observed no decrement in the
      ability to oxidize infused glucose.

PMID- 3887630
TI  - The history of organized teratology in North America.

PMID- 3887631
TI  - The right of privacy and the physician-patient relationship.

PMID- 3887632
TI  - [The trichomonads].

PMID- 3887633
TI  - [Candidiasis infection].

PMID- 3887634
TI  - Increased tissue factor activity generation in vitro by canine blood leukocytes
      associated with allogeneic kidney transplantation and rejection.
AB  - Using a canine model, leukocyte populations enriched for monocytes and
      lymphocytes were isolated from blood during three week periods after kidney
      allotransplantation corresponding to episodes of acute rejection. Relative to
      controls, these cells incubated in vitro for five hours were found to generate
      increased amounts of PCA (procoagulant activity) characterized as tissue factor,
      the extrinsic clotting pathway activator. Controls included comparable blood
      leukocyte populations isolated from kidney autograft recipients and healthy
      animals. Differences in results for these two control groups were insignificant.
      These contrasts observed between allografted animals and controls demonstrate
      that leukocyte PCA generation is stimulated by the allogeneicity of
      histoincompatible kidneys rather than by direct effects of organ transplantation
      or non-specific postoperative effects. Results of in vitro transfer experiments
      provide evidence that cellular stimulation or induction in vivo accounted for the
      PCA increases observed. Stimulation of leukocyte tissue factor generation as a
      consequence of allogeneic kidney transplantation may in part account for
      coagulopathies and fibrin deposition during kidney rejection.

PMID- 3887635
TI  - Acylated derivatives of streptokinase-plasminogen activator complex as
      thrombolytic agents in a dog model of aged venous thrombosis.
AB  - A procedure is described for the establishment of experimental clots, aged in
      vivo for 72 hr, in the jugular vein of beagle dogs. Two acylated derivatives of
      streptokinase-human (lys) plasminogen activator complex with greatly differing
      deacylation rates under physiological conditions were compared as thrombolytic
      agents in the model. These were BRL 26921 (deacylation half-life, 40 min) and BRL
      33575 (deacylation half-life c. 17 hr). The pharmacokinetic clearance rate of BRL
      33575 from the circulation was studied and gave a clearance half-life of about 7
      hr. BRL 33575 was found to be the superior agent in lysing 72 hr aged clots,
      being effective at a single bolus dose of 420 micrograms/kg or in three equal
      divided doses of 140 micrograms/kg given at 12 hr intervals. The single dose
      regime gave moderate systemic plasminogen activation, and the effect was
      significantly reduced with the divided dose regime. Infusion of freshly formed
      streptokinase-human plasminogen activator complex at 420 micrograms/kg over 15 hr
      gave little thrombolysis despite marked systemic plasminogen activation.

PMID- 3887636
TI  - Limitation of impedance plethysmography in assessing efficacy of
      dihydroergotamine-heparin prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis.
AB  - The sensitivity of impedance plethysmography (IPG) for diagnosing deep vein
      thrombosis was evaluated in the presence of dihydroergotamine, an agent with
      significant venoconstrictor activity. In a prospective, randomized, controlled
      clinical trial, 105 patients undergoing total hip replacement surgery were
      investigated to evaluate the thromboprophylactic efficacy of DHE-Heparin using
      IPG and 125I-Fibrinogen Leg Scanning to monitor the incidence of DVT.
      Retrospective analysis of the IPG data indicated that DHE-Heparin impaired the
      sensitivity of impedance plethysmography by decreasing venous capacitance and
      venous outflow. Although the patient sample size was relatively small, the
      results showed trends which suggested that the utility of impedance
      plethysmography for diagnosing DVT was limited in the presence of a vasoactive
      agent. Alternate noninvasive diagnostic methods may need to be considered in
      select patients receiving concomitant medications possessing venoconstrictor
      activity.

PMID- 3887637
TI  - The influence of age, sex and smoking on human venous prostacyclin synthesis.

PMID- 3887638
TI  - [One year experience with cyclosporin A in clinical heart transplantation].

PMID- 3887639
TI  - [Methenamine hippurate. Short-term catheterization in gynecologic surgery. A
      double-blind comparison of Hiprex and placebo].

PMID- 3887640
TI  - [Baker's cyst with concomitant deep venous thrombosis].

PMID- 3887641
TI  - [Heart transplantation. Preservation of donors].

PMID- 3887642
TI  - [Clawtoes treated by tendon transposition].

PMID- 3887643
TI  - [Surgical approaches in total hip arthroplasty].

PMID- 3887644
TI  - Biochemistry of MHC class II molecules.

PMID- 3887645
TI  - [Modifying the non-specific defense with bacteria, fungi and their metabolic
      products].
AB  - In a literature survey frequently mentioned bacterial and mycological modulators
      of the non-specific immune system are discussed. The substances are listed in a
      table pointing out indications respectively state of development. Commonly used
      definitions concerning substances that take influence in the non-specific immune
      system are discussed.

PMID- 3887646
TI  - [Veterinary hematoscopy in late antiquity].
AB  - The classical humoral theory was no unfounded abstraction. On the contrary, it
      was based on phenomena which led to the recognition of the nature of the most
      important of the four humors: the blood of sick people differed from that of
      healthy persons. Examples from the works of the Greek and Roman veterinarians of
      the period from the 3rd to the 5th centuries A.D. are given, that hematoscopy was
      also performed by veterinarians. Bloodletting was not only a routinely applied
      preventive measure or a panacea, but also a prerequisite for hematoscopy, and
      thus a part of diagnostic.

PMID- 3887647
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of prostatic abscess in the dog].

PMID- 3887648
TI  - [Fluid therapy in the dog and the cat].
AB  - Underlying principle for fluid therapy is the knowledge about distribution of
      body water (60% of body weight) into compartments: intra- and extracellular fluid
      (ICF, ECF) cover respectively one half, one sixth of the latter fills the
      intravascular system. According to the concentration of ions and molecules in the
      lost fluids, dehydration is classified into hypertone, hypotone and isotone.
      Clinical assessment and laboratory examination (PCV, hemoglobin, total protein,
      urine analysis, electrolyte and blood gas evaluation) are crucial features for
      determination of dehydration rate, acid-base and electrolyte imbalances.
      Derangements of body-fluid and electrolyte metabolism and their treatment are
      discussed. The quantity of fluids necessary for rehydration of the patient is
      calculated on the basis of clinical findings. Overhydration risk has to be
      considered more seriously in cats than dogs. Intravenous, subcutaneous, oral and
      intraperitoneal infusions are feasible. A survey to technical aspects and
      required instruments is presented in conclusion.

PMID- 3887649
TI  - Multiinstitutional evaluation of local injection of absolute ethanol as the new
      hemostatic method for upper G-I tract bleeding.
AB  - Local injection of absolute ethanol was proven effective for hemostasis of
      gastrointestinal bleeding in our fundamental (Asaki et al. 1983a) and clinical
      (Asaki et al. 1983b) studies. The purpose of the present paper is to report the
      results obtained in 258 hemorrhagic foci in 152 unselected cases treated with
      this method at 6 major hospitals in the Tohoku area in Japan. Sixty (39%) of
      these 152 cases had shock symptoms due to hemorrhage. Gastric and duodenal ulcers
      were responsible for the hemorrhage in about 90% of the cases in which our method
      was applied to hemostasis. Eighty-nine (59%) of the 152 cases had some form of
      complications such as malignant tumors or liver cirrhosis. Hemorrhage due to
      postoperative stress ulcer after major surgeries including renal implantation or
      laryngectomy for resection of cancer was seen in 20 cases (13%). The condition of
      hemorrhage immediately before the treatment with our technique was classified as
      spouting hemorrhage for 8 foci (3%), pulsating hemorrhage for 22 foci (9%),
      adhesion of clot for 179 foci (69%), and hemorrhage from veins and capillaries
      for 49 foci (19%). In all of these cases temporary hemostasis was obtained.
      Rebleeding occurred in 17 cases (7%) including 5 cases in which hemostasis was
      successfully obtained by the repeated use of our method. In 4 of the 17 cases, in
      which repeated endoscopy was infeasible, emergency surgery was performed. In the
      remaining 8 lesions in 8 cases, new bleeding or rebleeding occurred more than 1
      week after the initial hemostasis had been obtained. Six of these 8 cases died
      from rebleeding due to DIC syndrome. With our method complete hemostasis was
      obtained in 144 of 152 cases (95%) including 11 cases (7%) which underwent
      elective surgical operation.

PMID- 3887650
TI  - New trial of endoscopic treatment for gastric submucosal tumors.
AB  - Recently conservative treatment of gastric submucosal tumors is increasing in
      spite of the absence of definite criteria for histological diagnosis. We have
      developed a new method of endoscopical treatment of gastric submucosal tumors
      that have submucosographically intraluminal Pattern I or II, or partly intramural
      Pattern III. For such tumors with a maximum diameter less than 5 cm, Ist step:
      partial resection is carried out with the use of high-frequency electric
      currents, IInd step: for the residual tumor tissue, in vivo tissue solidification
      is undertaken by local injection of absolute ethanol to induce necrotic
      exfoliation of the tumor tissue and to prevent of hemorrhage.

PMID- 3887651
TI  - Amino acid sequences of phospholipases A2 from the venom of an Australian elapid
      snake (king brown snake, Pseudechis australis).
AB  - Two basic phospholipases A2 (Pa-11 and Pa-13) have been isolated from the venom
      of an Australian elapid snake, Pseudechis australis (king brown snake). The
      reduced and S-carboxymethylated phospholipases A2 were digested with trypsin and
      the resulting peptides were purified by a combination of chromatography on a DEAE
      cellulose DE-52 column and gel filtration procedures. Eleven main peptides from
      Pa-11 and 9 peptides from Pa-13 could account for the amino acid compositions of
      the respective enzyme molecules. The alignment of the tryptic peptides and
      unelucidated regions of the amino acid sequences of tryptic peptides were
      established by the analysis of the peptides obtained by chymotryptic and/or
      Staphylococcal protease digestions. Each phospholipase A2 consisted of a single
      chain of 118 amino acid residues, including 14 half-cystine residues. Although Pa
      11 is enzymatically 30-times as active as Pa-13 and highly toxic as compared to
      Pa-13, they are highly homologous in their amino acid sequences. They are also
      homologous to the enzymes from mammalian pancreas and the other snake venom
      phospholipases A2, especially to those from snakes belonging to the subfamilies
      Acanthophiinae and Laticaudinae.

PMID- 3887652
TI  - Effects of toluene inhalation on pulmonary host defenses of mice.
AB  - The potential hazards of exposure to vapor-phase toluene on pulmonary host
      defenses were evaluated. Mice exposed to concentrations ranging from 2.5-500 ppm,
      including the threshold limit value level of 100 ppm, exhibited increased
      susceptibility to respiratory infection with Streptococcus zooepidemicus. The no
      measurable-effect level for single, as well as for 5 exposures was 1 ppm.
      Significantly decreased pulmonary bactericidal activity was observed after single
      exposures to 500, 250, 100 and 2.5 ppm toluene, and after 5 daily 3-h exposures
      to 1.0 ppm of toluene. A 20-exposure study with toluene at 1 ppm produced no
      changes in either of the 2 assays.

PMID- 3887653
TI  - Genotoxicity of organic chemicals frequently found in the air of mobile homes.
AB  - The 19 chemicals most commonly detected in a study of mobile homes in Texas were
      tested for mutagenicity using a battery of bacterial test strains; the literature
      was searched to obtain additional information concerning the mutagenicity and
      carcinogenicity of these chemicals. Formaldehyde was found to be present in 100%
      of the mobile homes and at the highest mean concentration (167 ppb). The
      remaining organic chemicals were all present at much lower mean concentrations
      (less than 10 ppb) and at varying frequencies (2-95%). Of the 19 chemicals tested
      for mutagenicity, only formaldehyde gave a positive response. A review of the
      literature revealed that 4 of the chemicals tested, formaldehyde, styrene,
      tetrachloroethylene and benzene, have been shown to be animal and/or human
      carcinogens. Thus, formaldehyde is not the only genotoxin present in the air of
      mobile homes but because it was present in the air of all mobile homes tested at
      much higher concentrations than the other organic chemicals, formaldehyde should
      be considered one of the major potential genotoxic hazards present in the air of
      mobile homes.

PMID- 3887654
TI  - Effects of high doses of manganese on carbohydrate homeostasis.
AB  - The effects of manganese (Mn) toxicity on carbohydrate homeostasis was examined
      in Sprague-Dawley and Osborne-Mendel rats. Mn injection was followed by increases
      in Mn concentration in both liver and pancreas. Concentrations of Mn in the
      pancreas increased more rapidly than in the liver. Plasma insulin levels
      decreased, plasma glucose levels increased, and a spike in glucagon concentration
      was observed following Mn injection. Increases in blood glucose in response to Mn
      injection were also observed in 24- and 48-h fasted rats, although the magnitude
      of the increase was less than that observed in fed rats. Both strains of rats
      appeared to respond similarly to Mn injection. The present studies demonstrate
      that acute Mn injection can affect glucose homeostasis. These effects may be
      mediated through altered endocrine pancreatic function.

PMID- 3887655
TI  - [Immunoglobulin content of the gingival fluid in periodontitis].

PMID- 3887656
TI  - [Calculation of the expenditure of precious metal in fabricating a dental
      prosthesis].

PMID- 3887657
TI  - [Experience in introducing individual casting in the orthodontic establishments
      of Transcarpathia].

PMID- 3887658
TI  - [Mandibular osteoplasty in children, using bone and plastic endoprostheses].

PMID- 3887659
TI  - [Prophylactic dental prosthesis of children and adolescents].

PMID- 3887660
TI  - [Quantum hemotherapy (history of the development of the method, its mechanism of
      action and prospects for its use in dentistry)].

PMID- 3887661
TI  - [Hodgkin's disease--current problems in etiology and clinical picture].
AB  - The conception of etiology and pathophysiology of lymphogranulomatosis has
      essentially changed since the first description made by Hodgkin in 1832. In
      former communications, this disease was initially regarded as a tuberculosis of
      the lymphatic system with a pseudoleukemic course, then as an inflammatory
      disease, then as an intermediate state between cancer and tuberculosis, and
      finally as a chronic autoimmune process accompanied by interactions between
      neoplastic and normal lymphoid cells. Today the symptomatology is defined as a
      malignant disease of the lymphoreticular system beginning in a single lymph node,
      then expanding to other lymph nodes and spreading out by hematogenic propagation
      into the parenchymatous organs. The histologic examination of granulomatous
      tissue shows Hodgkin cells with one nucleus and Sternberg-Reed giant cells with
      several nuclei. The origin of Hodgkin cells is not yet clear, however, there are
      some hints resulting from investigations with monoclonal antibodies that the
      precursor cells possess some characteristics of granulopoietic cells, but also of
      antigens which are recognized by specific monoclonal antibodies. The immune
      system shows some modifications, above all with regard to the cellular immunity.
      The evolution of the disease is probably determined by some correlations with
      troubles of the cellular immune system. The treatment modalities depend on the
      stage which is classified according to the Ann Arbor Conference. The diagnosis
      should be established under rational aspects and with the aid of the most recent
      image-producing methods.

PMID- 3887662
TI  - [Sonography in the diagnosis of lymphogranulomatosis].
AB  - With a rate of 87.7% of exact diagnoses, sonography is a proven method to find
      intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal manifestations of malignant system diseases.
      It is not stressing or invasive and can be frequently repeated; needing less
      expenditure and involving no risks, it can bear comparison with lymphographic
      methods and is important in the classification of stages of lymphatic system
      diseases. During one examination, enlarged organs and infiltrations in form of
      focuses in the parenchymatous organs can be diagnosed, and vessels and formations
      of lymphomas can be seen within their topographic connection. Independently from
      their drainage ways, all enlarged lymph nodes, also those situated in areas not
      accessible by lymphography like the hilus of liver, spleen, kidney, and
      retrohepatic, mesenteric, and intraperitoneal regions, can be visualized even
      without administration of a contrast medium. The method offers the possibility of
      frequent control examinations during radiotherapy or chemotherapy; possible
      recurrences can be early detected. However, manifestations of a malignant system
      disease in the lymph nodes can be hardly discerned from metastases of a primary
      tumor localized in another region. Despite this disadvantage, sonography keeps
      the first rank in the gradual application of image-producing diagnostic methods
      (sonography, CT, lymphography).

PMID- 3887663
TI  - [Radiotherapy of lymphogranulomatosis].
AB  - The status of radiotherapy of Hodgkin's disease is no longer determined by the
      staging alone but also by some special risk factors. So a marked improvement of
      curative radiotherapy becomes possible by close co-operation with chemotherapy,
      above all in patients with Bulky disease or with constellations having hitherto a
      considerably deteriorated prognosis in case of exclusive application of
      radiotherapy. The present study describes the different risk factors and submits
      the modified therapeutic procedure depending on the different stages.

PMID- 3887664
TI  - [Clinical follow-up of plastic veneered crowns (Vita K + B) after hydraulic
      pneumatic heat polymerization].

PMID- 3887665
TI  - Dual-label fluoroimmunoassay for simultaneous determination of primidone and
      phenobarbital.
AB  - A dual-label magnetizable solid-phase fluoroimmunoassay for direct determination
      of serum levels of primidone and its main metabolite, phenobarbital, in a single
      tube was developed and optimized. Fluorescein isothiocyanate was used to label
      phenobarbital and a rhodamine 101 derivative (XRITC) to label primidone; these
      could be independently quantitated with no fluorimetric "cross-talk." The dual
      label assay employs mixed immunochemical reagents but is otherwise similar in
      performance to conventional, single-drug, magnetizable solid-phase
      fluoroimmunoassays. The ability to measure simultaneously two related analytes,
      such as a drug and its metabolite, represents a useful extension of immunoassay.
      This was illustrated in the present work by assay of sera from patients on
      primidone therapy. Dual-label assay results correlated well with those by a
      conventional enzymoimmunoassay (for primidone) and by a polarization
      fluoroimmunoassay (for phenobarbital).

PMID- 3887666
TI  - Evaluation of an automated system (Optimate) for substrate-labeled fluorescent
      immunoassays.
AB  - Performance characteristics of substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassays for the
      drugs phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, carbamazepine, theophylline,
      gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and quinidine run on an Optimate automated
      fluorometric analyzer were compared with those of automated enzyme multiplied
      immunoassays (EMIT) for the same drugs performed on a Cobas centrifugal analyzer
      for patient samples and controls. For 100 patient samples assayed by both systems
      for each drug, excellent correlations were obtained, with correlation
      coefficients ranging from 0.96 to 0.99. Likewise, very good within-run (n = 10)
      and between-run (n = 30) precision was obtained by both methods. Values for
      controls and clinical specimens by the Optimate methods calculated using the same
      day calibration curves were not significantly different from those calculated
      from calibration curves stored 14 days, indicating at least 14-day curve
      stability for all assays.

PMID- 3887667
TI  - An overview of amikacin.
AB  - Amikacin, a semisynthetic analog of kanamycin, is very active against most gram
      negative bacteria including gentamicin- and tobramycin-resistant strains. The
      effectiveness of amikacin in the treatment of serious gram-negative bacillary
      infections is well documented. Due to its resistance to inactivating enzymes, it
      is the aminoglycoside of choice for the treatment of known or suspected serious
      gram-negative infections caused by organisms resistant to gentamicin or
      tobramycin. Amikacin should be part of an empiric antibiotic regimen for the
      therapy of suspected sepsis in febrile, leukopenic immunocompromised hosts since
      it exhibits enhanced activity against the organisms most frequently encountered
      in this patient population. High response rates have been reported with the use
      of amikacin combined with beta-lactam antibiotics in immunocompromised or
      granulocytopenic patients. It exhibits impressive in vitro synergy against
      aminoglycoside-sensitive and -resistant organisms when used in combination with
      the new acylureidopenicillins and third-generation cephalosporins. Amikacin has
      the advantage of being the aminoglycoside least inactivated by the semisynthetic
      penicillins. Amikacin achieves high and predictable serum concentrations and has
      a favorable therapeutic index. Its potential for nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
      is not significantly different than that encountered with gentamicin or
      tobramycin. Amikacin appears to be the preferred aminoglycoside for use at the
      present time because of its activity against gentamicin- and tobramycin-resistant
      organisms, its low resistance potential, its relative low degree of inactivation
      by the semisynthetic penicillins, and its superior pharmacokinetic profile.

PMID- 3887668
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of pediatric antipyretic drugs.

PMID- 3887669
TI  - Determination of total and free plasma carbamazepine concentrations by enzyme
      multiplied immunoassay: interference with the 10,11-epoxide metabolite.
AB  - The performance of the enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) in the
      measurement of total and free plasma carbamazepine (CBZ) levels was assessed in
      140 clinical specimens and compared with a reference high pressure liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) technique. Free drug was measured in plasma filtrates
      obtained by the Free Level system. Both total and free CBZ levels as determined
      by EMIT correlated strongly with corresponding HPLC values (r = 0.88 and 0.92,
      respectively). Plasma CBZ concentrations, however, were higher by EMIT than by
      HPLC. The degree of CBZ overestimation by EMIT was relatively small (about 14%)
      in whole plasma but quite considerable (35% on average) in the filtrates. As a
      result, estimated values of free CBZ fraction were also higher for EMIT than for
      HPLC. Separate experiments in vitro suggested that the discrepancies between the
      two methods were due to cross-reaction of the EMIT reagent with the 10,11-epoxide
      metabolite of CBZ. The greater degree of overestimation for the free drug can be
      explained by the higher proportion of less protein-bound metabolite in the
      filtrates. These results need to be taken into account in the interpretation of
      free CBZ level data from laboratories using different techniques.

PMID- 3887670
TI  - Assessment of cyclosporin A in whole blood and plasma in five patients with
      different hematocrits.
AB  - Measurement of whole blood and plasma levels of cyclosporin A (CsA) by
      radioimmunoassay in kidney transplant recipients receiving the drug showed that
      CsA concentrations in plasma increased nonlinearly when whole blood levels of the
      drug exceeded 1,000 ng/ml. At low plasma levels (less than 200 ng/ml), most of
      the CsA in the blood was in the nonplasma component, indicating that cellular
      elements have high affinity for CsA. Comparison of nonplasma CsA concentrations
      in two patients with hematocrit values of 32.5 and 35% showed that in the patient
      with a hematocrit of 35% the cellular associated drug was twice as great as that
      in the other patient, indicating that there may be significant differences in the
      cellular affinity of CsA in patients with similar hematocrits. Linear regression
      analysis of the cellular associated CsA versus plasma levels of the drug in a
      double-reciprocal plot showed a drug saturation capacity of 6,060 ng/ml in the
      nonplasma component of blood in the patient with a hematocrit of 35%. Similar
      analyses in the other patients indicated saturation capacities ranging from 4,750
      to 10,400 ng/ml.

PMID- 3887671
TI  - Therapeutic blood levels of phenytoin in treatment of paroxysmal choreoathetosis.
AB  - Eight patients with paroxysmal choreoathetosis received phenytoin therapy,
      starting from 50 mg of oral phenytoin with a gradual increment of the dose. After
      successful control of the paroxysmal attacks, blood levels of phenytoin in these
      patients were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The mean phenytoin blood level was
      5.2 +/- 3.2 micrograms/ml, with a range of 1.1-10.9 micrograms/ml. It is proposed
      that phenytoin can be maintained at a lower level in the treatment of paroxysmal
      choreoathetosis than in seizure control.

PMID- 3887672
TI  - Evaluation of the Du Pont Theophylline Assay adapted to a centrifugal analyzer.
AB  - We evaluated the Du Pont Theophylline Assay, a particle-enhanced turbidimetric
      inhibition immunoassay (PETINIA) for the measurement of theophylline in human
      serum. The procedure was applied to the Cobas-Bio centrifugal analyzer, and was
      compared to an enzyme immunoassay (EMIT) method and a high performance liquid
      chromatographic (HPLC) procedure. Day-to-day precision was 3.7% (1 SD coefficient
      of variation) at 7.1 mg/L, 3.3% at 17.7 mg/L, and 3.9% at 27.8 mg/L. The assay
      was linear up to 40 mg/L, and the correlation between the PETINIA, EMIT, and HPLC
      methods was good [PETINIA/EMIT: y = 0.94x + 0.63, r = 0.98, Syx = 1.13;
      PETINIA/HPLC: y = 1.00x - 0.89, r = 0.99, Syx = 0.66, where Syx is the standard
      deviation of the residual error of regression], when evaluated using specimens
      from 135 patients receiving theophylline. No interference from hemolysis,
      lipemia, icterus, or other methylxanthines was observed. Of the major metabolites
      of theophylline, only 1,3-dimethyluric acid showed any significant cross
      reactivity (2.1 mg/L apparent theophylline at 20 mg/L 1,3-dimethyluric acid). The
      method is reliable and cost-effective for the measurement of theophylline in
      serum.

PMID- 3887673
TI  - George James Guthrie 1785-1856 and his Infirmary for Diseases of the Eye.

PMID- 3887674
TI  - Congenital toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in the mouse--the use of the peroxidase
      anti-peroxidase method to demonstrate Toxoplasma antigen.
AB  - The peroxidase anti-peroxidase immunocytochemical staining method has been used
      to demonstrate Toxoplasma antigen within paraffin-embedded sections of the eyes
      of mice congenitally infected with Toxoplasma. Intact Toxoplasma tissue cysts
      were demonstrated within the retina but in no other ocular structure. No
      endozoites and no extra-cystic antigens were detected by this technique within
      any of the eyes examined. The possible implications of these findings in relation
      to the pathogenesis of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis are discussed.

PMID- 3887675
TI  - Detection of Giardia in human jejunum by the immunoperoxidase method. Specific
      and non-specific results.
AB  - Rabbit antiserum to cultured trophozoites of Giardia intestinalis (G. lamblia)
      was used to detect organisms in jejunal biopsies using the PAP immunoperoxidase
      technique. In 30 sections examined from seven cases of giardiasis associated with
      histological changes in malabsorption, trophozoites were seen in the lamina
      propria in one instance, although they were otherwise seen in the intestinal
      lumen and surface mucus. One anti-Giardia serum reacted with the neutrophil
      polymorphs in all infected jejunal biopsies, and in jejunal and rectal biopsies
      from patients not suffering from giardiasis. The reaction with Giardia and with
      polymorphs could be absorbed out using washed Giardia trophozoites but not with
      preparations of bacteria.

PMID- 3887677
TI  - The microdistribution of Trypanosoma cruzi.

PMID- 3887676
TI  - In vitro response of Kenyan Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in different
      media.

PMID- 3887678
TI  - Plasmodium resistance to chloroquine: a new hypothesis.

PMID- 3887679
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum infection not responding to chloroquine in Nigeria.

PMID- 3887680
TI  - Experimental and natural infection of Simulium sanchezi by Mansonella ozzardi in
      the Middle Orinoco region of Venezuela.
AB  - Experimental and natural infections of Simulium sanchezi by Mansonella ozzardi
      were studied in the area of Siquita, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela. The
      microfilariae developed synchronously in the blackflies, reaching stage L3 in
      seven to eight days at temperatures between 23 degrees and 27 degrees C. Larvae
      in different stages of development, including infective forms, were found in 0.6%
      of 662 unfed wild-caught females. These results confirm that simuliids are the
      main vectors of M. ozzardi in the American continent.

PMID- 3887681
TI  - Studies of resistance to chloroquine, quinine, amodiaquine and mefloquine among
      Philippine strains of Plasmodium falciparum.
AB  - One hundred cases of slide-confirmed Plasmodium falciparum malaria admitted to
      the San Lazaro Hospital, Manila, Philippines were screened for in vitro
      resistance to chloroquine, quinine, amodiaquine and mefloquine using the
      microtechnique. 59 of the 100 primary parasite isolates produced schizonts,
      whereas the remaining 41 isolates did not. 51 of the 59 isolates tested were
      resistant in vitro to chloroquine and eight were sensitive. In contrast, three of
      the primary isolates were resistant to quinine, three showed resistance to
      amodiaquine and four were mefloquine-resistant. 43 of the strains judged
      chloroquine-resistant in vitro were fully in vitro sensitive to amodiaquine,
      quinine and mefloquine. One chloroquine-resistant isolate was also resistant to
      quinine alone. Three isolates that were resistant to chloroquine were also
      resistant to amodiaquine. An additional three were cross-resistant to chloroquine
      and mefloquine. A single isolate was found to be resistant to chloroquine,
      quinine and mefloquine and another was cross-resistant to chloroquine, quinine
      and amodiaquine. All strains demonstrating in vitro resistance to amodiaquine,
      quinine or mefloquine also showed in vitro resistance to chloroquine. The
      parasites in 22 patients showed in vivo resistance to chloroquine therapy. 86%
      were of the R1 type, 9% were R2 and 5% R3. All 22 patients demonstrating in vivo
      resistance to chloroquine showed in vitro resistance.

PMID- 3887682
TI  - Serological evidence for chlamydial infection in patients with acute diarrhoea.
AB  - Anti-chlamydial antibodies were detected in 25 of 93 patients with diarrhoea in
      Bangladesh. This first report of evidence for chlamydial infection in this
      country should stimulate a search for a causal relationship between chlamydiae
      and prevalent diseases of Bangladesh.

PMID- 3887683
TI  - Leishmania braziliensis guyanensis dermal leishmaniasis: cell-mediated immunity
      related to clinical features.
AB  - The non-specific and specific cellular immune responses in vitro were
      investigated in 26 patients infected with Leishmania braziliensis guyanensis and
      compared with those of 12 healthy donors. An absence of marked suppression of
      lymphocyte proliferation in vitro to Con A, PHA and PWM mitogens, and a high
      variability in the cellular responsiveness to Leishmania antigens were detected
      in the infected patient group. The occurrence of relapses seemed to be associated
      with a lower lymphocyte transformation assay and a high number of lesions. The
      influence of delayed type hypersensitivity responses on the pattern of infection
      is considered.

PMID- 3887685
TI  - Medicine and surgery in 1909.

PMID- 3887684
TI  - Glucose and insulin homeostasis during the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin were measured in ten patients during
      the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction of tetracycline-treated louse-borne relapsing
      fever. Plasma glucose fell significantly in eight of the ten patients associated
      with the peak of the reaction, but plasma insulin remained low. Glucoregulation
      by insulin was therefore normal. This evidence questions the role of macrophage
      mediator-induced pancreatic insulin release in causing hypoglycaemia in
      borreliosis or bacterial endotoxicosis.

PMID- 3887686
TI  - Remarks bearing on the construction of the College building.

PMID- 3887688
TI  - Dr. Richard Mead and the motto of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia.

PMID- 3887687
TI  - Eakin's Agnew Clinic. The medical world in transition.

PMID- 3887689
TI  - Rejection of murine heterotopic corneal transplants.
AB  - A murine heterotopic corneal transplant model has been developed using s.c.
      abdominal pouches as recipient sites. Donor-recipient genetic disparities
      involving H-2 antigens alone or H-2 plus non-H-2 antigens result in high rates of
      rejection. In addition, donor-recipient disparities involving non-H-2 antigens
      alone or H-Y antigen also result in significant, although lower, rates of
      rejection. In comparison, pretreatment of the donor grafts by hyperbaric oxygen,
      removal of the epithelial layer, or soaking in anti-Ia antibody plus complement
      results in statistically significant reductions in the rejection rates as
      compared with fresh, untreated donor tissue. These observations suggest that
      cells bearing Ia antigens (i.e., Langerhans cells) in the epithelial layer of
      donor corneas play a major role in host sensitization and subsequent rejection
      following corneal transplantation in this model. However, other antigens may play
      a role when Ia antigens are depleted from donor corneas.

PMID- 3887690
TI  - Marrow transplant studies in dogs with malignant lymphoma.
AB  - Ninety-five dogs with spontaneous malignant lymphoma in chemotherapy-induced
      remission were treated with total-body irradiation (TBI) and bone marrow
      transplantation. Among 38 dogs treated with 8.4 Gy delivered at 4 cGy/min, 9
      (24%) became long-term disease-free survivors. Ten of the 38 (26%) died of
      transplant-related complications and the actuarial relapse rate was approximately
      65%. Forty animals were treated with higher-dose TBI (13.5 Gy). The higher-dose
      TBI led to an increased incidence of transplant-related deaths (55% vs. 26%) and
      did not reduce the actuarial relapse rate. Eight animals were treated with 8.4 Gy
      at 4 cGy/min, allogeneic marrow from unrelated donors, and posttransplant
      immunosuppression with methotrexate and cyclosporine. Of 8 animals, 6 died within
      2 weeks of transplant of infection and 2 died later of graft-versus-host disease.
      Finally, 9 dogs were treated with 8.4 Gy at 4 cGy/min, autologous marrow, and
      posttransplant methotrexate and cyclosporine. Six of these animals died within 2
      weeks of transplant. These studies thus demonstrated that dogs with malignant
      lymphoma in remission can be cured with high-dose TBI and autologous marrow
      transplantation, that increasing the total dose of TBI led to increased toxicity
      without a decrease in the relapse rate, and that post-transplant therapy with
      methotrexate and cyclosporine was poorly tolerated in these animals.

PMID- 3887691
TI  - Recovery of hematopoiesis after blood-group-incompatible bone marrow
      transplantation with red-blood-cell-depleted grafts.
AB  - Severe hemolytic transfusion reactions may complicate major blood-group
      incompatible bone marrow transplantations (BMT). Probably the most appropriate
      way to avoid this complication is removal of the incompatible red blood cells
      (RBC) from the bone marrow graft. In this report we describe a method to
      eliminate incompatible RBCs that is based on repeated dilution of the graft with
      donor-and-recipient--compatible third-party erythrocytes. Four patients with ABO
      incompatibility and one patient with Rh-C incompatibility were transplanted using
      this technique. After the procedure 86 +/- 8% (mean +/- SD) of the nucleated
      cells, 95 +/- 14% of CFU-GM, 88 +/- 14% of BFU-e, and 103 +/- 30% of CFU-e were
      recovered, but only +/- 1% of the incompatible RBCs was left in the transfusate
      (1-3 ml). No signs of hemolysis were observed. All patients engrafted promptly.
      The patients with low titers of antibody had normal reticulocyte recoveries.
      Maturation of erythropoiesis was suppressed only when high titers of antibody
      were present. However, despite high antibody titers, erythroid progenitor cells
      (CFU-GEMM, BFU-e, and CFU-e) could be cultured from the bone marrow of the
      recipient after BMT. Thus, anti-A and anti-Rh-C antibodies give little, if any,
      inhibition of stem-cell proliferation. The method described to remove
      incompatible RBCs appears to be simple, safe, and--in most cases--sufficient.

PMID- 3887692
TI  - Evidence that protective Fc-receptor-blocking antibodies in renal transplantation
      are alloantibodies not autoantibodies.
AB  - We have previously shown that the presence in pretransplant recipient sera of Fc
      receptor blocking antibodies detected by the EA inhibition assay is correlated
      with improved allograft survival. Twenty-four such sera were assessed for the
      presence of autoantibodies by the EA inhibition and lymphocytotoxicity assays. No
      autolymphocytotoxic antibodies were found, and autologous EA inhibition was noted
      in only one case. EA-inhibiting alloantibodies did occur, and their presence was
      correlated with improved allograft survival. Sera from 37 dialysis patients were
      also studied, and neither autologous EA inhibiting nor autologous lymphocytotoxic
      antibodies were present. Thus Fc receptor blocking alloantibodies that were
      correlated with improved renal transplant survival were not autoantibodies.

PMID- 3887693
TI  - The use of fine-needle intrarenal manometry in the management of renal transplant
      patients receiving cyclosporine.
AB  - The pressure inside a renal transplant can be measured by means of a fine (25-G)
      needle passed into the kidney, and we have shown previously that a rise in
      pressure to more than 40 mmHg commonly occurs during rejection episodes. A rise
      was not observed in patients with cyclosporine nephrotoxicity or acute tubular
      necrosis, so we have now used this test prospectively as part of our management
      of 37 patients undergoing renal transplantation. Fine needle intrarenal pressure
      was recorded weekly during the first three weeks after transplantation, with more
      frequent measures taken in patients with deteriorating or absent renal function.
      Treatment was dictated by the result of these tests. Deteriorating function in a
      kidney registering a normal pressure was diagnosed as cyclosporine nephrotoxicity
      and the dose of cyclosporine was reduced appropriately. A pressure reading in
      excess of 40 mmHg was regarded as rejection--and, after obtaining a conventional
      needle biopsy of the kidney, antirejection treatment was commenced immediately.
      Nineteen episodes of nephrotoxicity were confirmed and there was only one false
      positive result. Twenty-eight of twenty-nine rejection episodes (observed in
      twenty-three patients) were associated with a significant rise in intrarenal
      pressure and were treated appropriately. In six patients who were oliguric at the
      time, as a result of posttransplant acute tubular necrosis, this rise in pressure
      was the first indication of rejection. A high pressure was recorded on the first
      day that the creatinine rose in two-thirds of the cases. In the remainder the
      pressure was seen to rise more slowly, particularly when the rejection was of the
      chronic vascular type and was occurring two months or more after transplantation.
      Fine-needle intrarenal manometry accurately identified rejection episodes in
      newly transplanted patients--and, because the results were unaffected by
      cyclosporine nephrotoxicity and acute tubular necrosis, the test was of most
      value in monitoring patients with these conditions.

PMID- 3887694
TI  - The relation of preoperative coagulation findings to diagnosis, blood usage, and
      survival in adult liver transplantation.
AB  - A group of 70 adults with end-stage liver disease received 87 homologous liver
      transplants from 7/11/81 and 7/11/83. The recipients fell into the following
      diagnostic categories: postnecrotic cirrhosis (PNC) in 22, primary biliary
      cirrhosis (PBC) in 18, cancer or neoplasia (CA) in 11, sclerosing cholangitis
      (SC) in 8 and miscellaneous (MISC) in 11. Survival for six months or longer was
      46%: survival by group was PBC = 67%, CA = 55%, PNC = 45%, SC = 25%, and MISC =
      18%. Preoperative coagulation profiles were evaluated on 64 of the 70 first
      transplant patients by assigning a score derived from one point per abnormality
      in each of 8 tests. Mean coagulation abnormality scores (CAS) were strikingly
      elevated in the PNC and MISC groups. Mean intraoperative blood product usage was
      43 units of RBCs, 40 units of fresh frozen plasma (FFP), 21 units of platelets,
      and 9 bags of cryoprecipitate. Direct correlations were found between CAS and RBC
      usage (+0.454, P = less than .001), CAS, and survival of 6 months or longer (
      0.281, P = less than .02), and RBC usage and survival (-0.408, P = less than
      .001). These findings indicate that the degree of coagulation abnormality and the
      type of liver disease may be predictive of intraoperative blood usage and
      survival in liver transplantation in adults.

PMID- 3887695
TI  - A new model of heterotopic rat heart transplantation with application for in vivo
      31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

PMID- 3887696
TI  - The effect of class I and class II alloantigens on skin allograft acceptance by
      lethally irradiated rats repopulated with syngeneic bone marrow.

PMID- 3887697
TI  - Nonphagocytotic, Ia-bearing cells of host origin in acutely rejected rat renal
      allografts.

PMID- 3887698
TI  - [Modification of the cytogenetic effect of dioxidine in experimental alloxan
      diabetes in rats].
AB  - A dependence was established between the cytogenetic effect of dioxydinum
      antibacterial drug and the disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism in rats with
      alloxan diabetes.

PMID- 3887699
TI  - [Role of enzymatic DNA methylation in cell differentiation and carcinogenesis].
AB  - The enzymatic methylation of specific cytosine residues in DNA plays a part in
      controlling gene expression. Low methylation levels may be a necessary condition
      for gene expression. The chemical carcinogens exert their effect on the enzymatic
      methylation of mammalian DNA and can cause hypomethylation. Demethylated sites do
      not become remethylated in the subsequent cell cycles. The consequence of DNA
      hypomethylation may be both stimulation of cell differentiation and initiation of
      carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3887700
TI  - [1 of the pathways for normalization of populations of malignant cells].
AB  - The paper reports reasons for a possibility of tumour regression due to selection
      of low-malignant and differentiating clones. Experimental evidence is provided
      supporting this view.

PMID- 3887701
TI  - [Stereological analysis of phagocytosing cells].
AB  - Various complexes of phagocytes with adsorbed (I) and entrapped (J) particles are
      formed during phagocytosis. Method of stereological reconstruction is proposed
      that allows to demonstrate the actual distribution of these complexes on the
      basis of morphometric analysis of their ultrathin sections. The principle of the
      method lies on the probability simulation of section distribution for a given
      distribution of complexes and on the solution of the reverse problem by stepwise
      determination of the relative quantity of each complex type (from the most
      complicated to the most simple one, when I = 0 and J = 0). The stereological
      analysis of phagocytosing murine peritoneal macrophages revealed an absolutely
      different and more adequate kinetical picture of phagocytosis, as compared to the
      morphometric data.

PMID- 3887702
TI  - [Sensitization of mouse splenocytes to normal tissue antigens and natural killer
      activity. I. The effect of immunization with normal syngeneic tissues].
AB  - Immunization of C3HA mice with homogenized syngeneous liver led to
      sensibilization of splenocytes towards liver antigens and to the increase in
      natural killer cell activity towards K-562 cells. The dynamics of sensibilization
      and cytotoxicity in different time intervals after immunization has led to a
      conclusion about a correlation between the two above phenomena.

PMID- 3887703
TI  - Seroepidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis and babesiosis in Venezuela.
AB  - The serological prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis and babesiosis in the Centro
      Occidental region of Venezuela was determined using the indirect fluorescent
      antibody (IFA) and latex agglutination (LAT) tests. Anaplasma marginale IFA and
      LAT prevalence rates were 57.7 and 48.6% respectively for cattle of all ages and
      breeds. The respective prevalence of IFA activity to B. bigemina and B. bovis was
      78.2 and 38.8%. The LAT test specific only for Babesia spp. revealed that 61.4%
      of the animals tested were serologically positive for Babesia parasites.
      Anaplasma marginale and B. bigemina organisms were detected in peripheral blood
      smears of 21.1 and 7.5% respectively of cattle surveyed. A longitudinal survey of
      antibody activity and incidence of parasitaemia for Anaplasma and Babesia
      infections was conducted in two groups of calves from their birth to seven months
      of age. The animals generally experienced infections between three and four
      months of age the period subsequent to decline in colostral antibody levels.
      Seroepidemiological data are considered in the formulation of proposed
      vaccination regimens for anaplasmosis and babesiosis.

PMID- 3887704
TI  - [Rupture of the fibular ankle ligaments treated with plaster immobilization or
      mobile Pliton-80 bandage. A prospective randomized study].

PMID- 3887705
TI  - [Postoperative intestinal atony. A randomized study of the effect of morphine and
      pethidine].

PMID- 3887706
TI  - [Thyroglobulin autoantibodies. Current methodological and prognostic aspects].

PMID- 3887707
TI  - [Dialysis and transplantation in the treatment of 36 patients with insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus and terminal uremia].

PMID- 3887708
TI  - [Chemical depilation versus shaving. A controlled clinical trial of self
      depilation in ambulatory surgery].

PMID- 3887709
TI  - [Natural cholecystokinin compared with synthetic cholecystokinin in oral
      cholecystography. A prospective randomized study].

PMID- 3887711
TI  - [Liver involvement in extrahepatic infection].

PMID- 3887710
TI  - [Herbal medicine compared with a placebo in adjuvant treatment of patients after
      radical operation for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung].

PMID- 3887712
TI  - On the importance of resection length and tension for ureter end-to-end
      anastomoses.
AB  - 40 end-to-end anastomoses in dogs were made, partially under considerable
      tension, in the lower part of the ureter after transverse division and after
      resection of segments between 3 and 10 cm. In three operative modifications the
      influence of resection length, tension, and microsurgical technique on the
      function of anastomoses was examined. As an equivalent to tension the
      approximation distance of the ends of the ureter was measured after resection of
      segments. Controls prove the superiority of the microsurgical procedure. In our
      experiments the resection length lies far above the reported maximum resection
      length of 3-5 cm. The results are not dependent on the resection length. There is
      every reason to believe that even the tension that lies on the anastomosis is not
      very important for the results.

PMID- 3887713
TI  - Microsurgically splinted tubulovasostomy in the rat: modified technique.
AB  - The fact that splinted tubulovasostomy still yields unsatisfactory results led us
      to modify the method. We were able to increase the patency of anastomoses by 18%;
      splint-absorption disturbances could be reduced in 12% of the cases.

PMID- 3887714
TI  - Immunohistochemical and radioimmunological determination of beta-HCG and
      pregnancy-specific beta 1-protein in seminomas.
AB  - 38 pure and 11 mixed seminomas were studied with the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase
      method for the presence of chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG) and pregnancy
      specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1). HCG was found in 8 of 49 cases, SP1 in 5 of
      49 cases in syncytial and mononuclear giant cells. The 5 pure seminomas with
      positive tumor markers appear to have no worse prognosis than pure seminomas
      without HCG or SP1 production. None of the seminomas was found to contain
      carcinoembryonic antigen or alpha-fetoprotein.

PMID- 3887715
TI  - Urodynamic consequences of a direct pyelocystostomy at autotransplantation of the
      kidney.
AB  - The urodynamic consequences of renal autotransplantation and pyelocystostomy were
      studied in 17 male and 3 female patients. The indications of the procedure were
      urothelial tumor of the upper urinary tract, remaining outflow obstruction after
      conventional pyeloplasty and recurrent stones. The mean observation time was 31
      months (range 3-50 months). The micturition flow rate was unchanged. There was an
      insignificant increase in residual urine. No evidence of any clinically
      significant disturbance of the sensory or motor bladder innervation or reduction
      of the functional bladder capacity was found. Urethrocystography showed transient
      dilatation of calyces at micturition. Urinary tract infections, when present, had
      the same pattern as preoperatively. Thus, autotransplantation of the kidney with
      a wide, direct pyelocystostomy is consistent with essentially normal urodynamics
      of the transplanted renal pelvis and the bladder.

PMID- 3887716
TI  - [Preoperative diagnosis of kidney cancers with involvement of the vena cava].
AB  - 85 patients with adenocarcinoma of the kidney were operated in 1982 and 1983. 9
      patients showed a tumor thrombus extending into the renal vena and vena cava.
      Ultrasound examination of the retroperitoneal cava up to the liver veins was
      always able to diagnose the tumor thrombus and its cranial extension. If the end
      of the thrombus was visualised ultrasonographically below the diaphragma and
      confluence of the liver veins into the cava, no additional diagnostic procedure
      except intravenous urography was found to be necessary for planning operative
      treatment. Arteriography, cavography and computer scanning did not give
      additional information important for surgical intervention.

PMID- 3887717
TI  - Transvaginal needle bladder neck suspension.
AB  - Like the transabdominal bladder neck suspension, the aim of the transvaginal
      needle suspension of the bladder neck is to suspend the bladder neck and urethra
      in a fixed retropubic position. Because the transvaginal technique does not
      require the splitting of the abdominal wall fascia, postoperative discomfort and
      convalescence may be lessened. Different techniques of transvaginal needle
      bladder neck suspension, including suspension of the bladder neck with a fascial
      sling, are discussed in detail.

PMID- 3887718
TI  - Operative injury to the lower urinary tract.
AB  - Operative injury to the lower urinary tract is extremely common. Most of these
      injuries occur during the course of gynecologic surgery and involve the bladder.
      Urethral injury is most commonly found following urethral diverticulectomy or
      with urologic endoscopic procedures. Correction of specific injuries to the
      bladder and urethra are discussed.

PMID- 3887719
TI  - Genitourinary fistulae. Vaginal approach for repair of vesicovaginal fistulae.
AB  - Controversy still remains concerning the timing of repair, the type of approach,
      and the technical guidelines most likely to prevent recurrence of both radiated
      and nonradiated vesicovaginal fistulae. The authors advocate the transvaginal
      approach because it avoids a cystotomy and involves minimal blood loss and
      consequently is followed by less postoperative discomfort and a shorter hospital
      stay. Included in this discussion are the techniques and results of the
      transvaginal approach for simple vesicovaginal fistulae as well as for complex
      cases and radiation fistulae.

PMID- 3887720
TI  - Vaginal reconstruction.
AB  - Vaginal reconstruction can be an uncomplicated and straightforward procedure when
      attention to detail is maintained. The Abbe-McIndoe procedure of lining the
      neovaginal canal with split-thickness skin grafts has become standard. The use of
      the inflatable Heyer-Schulte vaginal stent provides comfort to the patient and
      ease to the surgeon in maintaining approximation of the skin graft. For large
      vaginal and perineal defects, myocutaneous flaps such as the gracilis island have
      been extremely useful for correction of radiation-damaged tissue of the perineum
      or for the reconstruction of large ablative defects. Minimal morbidity and
      scarring ensue because the donor site can be closed primarily. With all vaginal
      reconstruction, a compliant patient is a necessity. The patient must wear a
      vaginal obturator for a minimum of 3 to 6 months postoperatively and is
      encouraged to use intercourse as an excellent obturator. In general, vaginal
      reconstruction can be an extremely gratifying procedure for both the functional
      and emotional well-being of patients.

PMID- 3887721
TI  - [Automated diagnostic screening system using a computer in the dispensary care of
      urology patients].

PMID- 3887722
TI  - [Indications for the use of loop vesicoplasty and the different methods].

PMID- 3887723
TI  - [Ectopic ureter: double attachment with double ectopia].
AB  - We report about the rare situation of a duplex system with double ectopia. The
      first diagnosis of a single ectopic ureter had to be corrected as persistent
      symptoms of urinary incontinence led to further investigation which finally
      helped to discover a second ectopic megaureter.

PMID- 3887724
TI  - [Extreme kidney displacement caused by an adrenal pseudocyst].
AB  - Renal displacement is very infrequently associated with a space occupying adrenal
      disease and sometimes imposes major diagnostic problems. The diagnosis of
      monstrous, retroperitoneal cysts is of particular difficulty. In a 51-year-old
      female patient the diagnosis and the association of a cystic formation to the
      adrenal gland could only be made at surgery, despite the steadily increasing
      renal displacement. The etiology of adrenal cysts, the diagnostic procedures and
      the possible concurrence of hypertension are discussed.

PMID- 3887725
TI  - [Progress in diagnosis of the urinary tract in children].
AB  - Ultrasound has enriched the armamentarium of the pediatric urologist. Miniprobes
      enable examination of preterm children without taking them out of the incubator.
      Special puncture needles facilitate percutaneous diagnostic procedures. A
      neonatal nephrostomy set was developed for temporary urinary diversion.

PMID- 3887726
TI  - Prostatitis, prostatosis, and prostatodynia.

PMID- 3887727
TI  - Diagnosis and management of renal angiomyolipoma.
AB  - Renal angiomyolipoma (hamartoma) is an uncommon benign tumor of the kidney.
      Although about 400 cases of renal angiomyolipoma have been reported, it still
      causes difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. Until a few years ago it was
      almost impossible to arrive at a correct diagnosis preoperatively, and most of
      the cases underwent nephrectomy with the wrong diagnosis of renal carcinoma. More
      recently, abdominal computerized tomography and renal sonography have made it
      possible to reach the correct preoperative diagnosis in many cases, and thus to
      avoid unnecessary nephrectomies. We report on our experience with 13 cases of
      renal angiomyolipoma, and our conservative approach in a number of cases, which
      has enabled us to preserve renal tissue and function.

PMID- 3887728
TI  - Retrograde ejaculation caused by incomplete paralysis of pelvic nerve.
AB  - A case of retrograde ejaculation is reported. Initially, it was considered
      idiopathic, but various examinations revealed subclinical neurogenic bladder with
      hypotonic detrusor and normal external urethral sphincter. This was due to
      incomplete paralysis of the pelvic nerve and the normal activity of the pudendal
      nerve. Normal antegrade ejaculation was obtained by bilateral pudendal nerve
      block. Some cases of idiopathic retrograde ejaculation are ascribable to
      neurogenic bladder; and urodynamic examination is essential in the diagnosis of
      this disease.

PMID- 3887729
TI  - Percutaneous catheter drainage of obstructed transplant kidney in pregnancy.
AB  - Obstruction of a transplanted kidney may occur during pregnancy and necessitate
      early cesarean section, with considerable risk to the immature fetus. We report a
      case where percutaneous catheter nephrostomy relieved the obstruction and allowed
      the pregnancy to progress until the fetus was mature.

PMID- 3887730
TI  - Increase your accuracy in performing Pereyra procedure.

PMID- 3887731
TI  - Ultrasound diagnosis of tunica albuginea cyst: clinical perspective.
AB  - Two case reports of tunica albuginea cysts are presented. Imaging of this lesion
      by high resolution ultrasonography and the impact of this technique on management
      are considered.

PMID- 3887732
TI  - [Postoperative eventration in newborn infants].
AB  - A method of prophylactics and treatment of postoperative eventrations in newborns
      (25 observations), is described. The incidence of this complication was decreased
      from 2,19% (1960-1971) to 0,95% (1972-1983).

PMID- 3887733
TI  - [Autodermoplasty in the treatment of trophic ulcers of the lower extremities].
AB  - Experience with the treatment of 402 patients with trophic ulcers of lower
      extremities of venous etiology is presented. Operations correcting the venous
      outflow were added by autodermoplasty in 366 patients. Autodermoplasty after
      Yanovich--Chainski--Davis was fulfilled in 323 patients, dermatome
      autodermoplasty--in 41 patients, with a whole thickness perforated flap taken
      from the upper part of the postoperative wound on the shin--in 38 patients.
      Partial rejection of the transplant was observed in 10,2%, complete rejection of
      the transplant--in 5,7% of the cases. Advantages of a combination of correction
      of the venous outflow with autodermoplasty are shown. The application of
      Combutecum on the donor and recipient zones has considerably reduced the number
      complications after autodermoplasty.

PMID- 3887734
TI  - [Use of microsurgical technic in abdominal surgery].
AB  - Results of the surgical treatment of 172 patients with tumors of the proximal
      part of the stomach and colon are analyzed. The patients were divided into 2
      groups according to the method of forming the esophago-intestinal and colono
      intestinal anastomoses. Suture incompetence and peritonitis were shown to appear
      much more rarely after using a microsurgical technique than after using surgical
      methods.

PMID- 3887735
TI  - [User of the laser scalpel in gastrectomy and extensive surgery for cancer of the
      stomach].
AB  - The authors share their experience with using laser scalpels for performing
      gastrectomies in 55 patients with gastric cancer (28 of them were subjected to
      extended operations). Bloodless and atraumatic operations and prevention of
      leakage of bile and enzymes reduce risk of combined operations and thereby widen
      indications for them.

PMID- 3887736
TI  - [100th anniversary of the 1st Russian surgery journal].

PMID- 3887737
TI  - [Management of the perineal wound in the postoperative treatment of patients with
      cancer of the rectum].
AB  - The material showing causes of the appearance of purulent complications of the
      perineum would after extirpation of the rectum for cancer is presented. The
      pathogenes of the purulent infection were found to be polyresistant
      staphylococcus and gram-negative intestinal flora in most cases. The authors
      recommend using antibiotic therapy directly at the time of performing the
      operation, good drainage of the postoperative wound, irradiation of the
      postoperative wound by a laser radiation of a harmless intensity.

PMID- 3887738
TI  - [Role of proteolytic enzymes in the pathogenesis of the toxic syndrome in
      peritonitis].

PMID- 3887740
TI  - Bovine tuberculosis in roe deer.

PMID- 3887739
TI  - [Choice of a surgical approach in liver injuries].
AB  - An original method of the surgical tactics in injuries of the liver is presented.
      Means of temporary and final hemostasis are described. The efficiency of external
      drainage of the wound is stressed. Simple suturing of the wound of the liver is
      shown to have shortcomings and to result in complications.

PMID- 3887741
TI  - S typhimurium phage type 204c and anti-microbial resistance.

PMID- 3887742
TI  - Efficacy of clavulanate-potentiated amoxycillin in experimental and clinical skin
      infections.
AB  - The efficacy of clavulanate-potentiated amoxycillin was compared with amoxycillin
      alone in experimental staphylococcal infection in dogs and in a controlled trial
      in clinical cases of skin infection in dogs and cats. The experimental infection
      was produced by subdermal inoculation with beta-lactamase producing (amoxycillin
      resistant) staphylococci absorbed in cotton dust. This produced discrete,
      localised lesions with no systemic involvement. In a cross over study, six
      animals were randomly allocated to treatment with either amoxycillin alone (10
      mg/kg, dosed twice daily) or a formulation of clavulanate-potentiated amoxycillin
      (12.5 mg/kg, of a 1:4 ratio, dosed twice daily). The lesions of the animals
      treated with clavulanate-potentiated amoxycillin resolved more quickly than those
      treated with amoxycillin alone. The difference was significant (P less than 0.05)
      for both lesion diameter and inflammation score after day 6 of treatment. A trial
      was carried out in clinical cases of skin disease which were randomly allocated
      to twice daily treatment with either amoxycillin alone (10 or 20 mg/kg), or with
      clavulanate-potentiated amoxycillin (12.5 or 25 mg/kg of a 1:4 ratio). The
      required duration of treatment was shorter (P less than 0.5) for the potentiated
      amoxycillin treatments, and the success rate (judged by cure or substantial
      improvement) was higher (P less than 0.05) for this group, especially (P less
      than 0.01) where amoxycillin resistant organisms were isolated. It was concluded
      that clavulanate-potentiated amoxycillin was an effective treatment of skin
      infections both under experimental and clinical conditions.

PMID- 3887743
TI  - Response of the lymph node to tumour antigen and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in
      cattle bearing tumours of the ethmoturbinate region.
AB  - The immunological response of the Ln subiliacus (externus) in cattle bearing
      ethmoid carcinoma was studied. The lymph node was stimulated in vivo by I/D
      administration of tumour antigen and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and the changes in
      the lymph node were studied at 3-day intervals up to 15 days. The histological
      changes in the lymph node were assessed and the functional activity of the
      activated macrophages in the lymph node impression smears was evaluated using
      Nitroblue tetrazolium salt reduction test. Similar studies were also undertaken
      in age-matched healthy nontumour bearing cattle. On stimulation with BCG and
      tumour antigen there was stimulation of the T cell dependent area. However, the
      response to the tumour antigen was quicker but shorter in duration compared with
      that to BCG. The response in healthy animals was proportionately much less. The
      studies indicated that tumour-bearing animals which were mostly in stage II were
      immunocompetent.

PMID- 3887744
TI  - [Modified rapid method for the quantitative determination of S. aureus in food
      products and washings].
AB  - Suggested is the use of a modified rapid method for the quantitative
      determination of Staphylococcus aureus in food products and washings, worked out
      on the basis of the method described by Lachica [8]. In the modified method a
      yolk-salt agar is substituted for Baird-Parker's medium. Provided is inactivation
      of the thermolable nucleases at 65 degrees C for one hour and additional
      incubation at 37 degrees C for 2 hours following the overlaying of the agar with
      toluidineblue DN-ase agar. Comparative investigations on the quantitative
      determination of Staphylococcus aureus in experimentally and naturally
      contaminated food samples and washings showed that there were no essential
      differences between the microbial counts as established by the two methods. The
      modified method made it possible to shorten the investigation by 2 hours. It
      proved specific and readily applicable for rapid laboratory diagnostics.

PMID- 3887745
TI  - [Biochemical changes in the blood of sheep with experimental Corynebacterium
      infection].
AB  - Investigations were carried out with 24 sheep divided into two groups of twelve
      animals. The first group were infected via the lateral recessus of the tarsal
      joint with 2 cm3 of a 24-hour broth culture of Corynebacterium pyogenes, and the
      second one were infected i/v with 3 cm3 of the same culture. The changes in the
      total protein, protein fractions, and blood electrolites in the blood were
      followed up. It was found that the infection of Corynebacterium pyogenes affected
      the total reactivation of the animals and led to immunobiologic reconstruction
      changes. There were hyperproteinemia which depended on the route of infection as
      well as the severity of its course, and hyperglobulinemia which was "at the
      expense of' blood albumin. Noticed were also hypercalcemia, hyperpotassemia, and
      lower sodium and phosphorus levels.

PMID- 3887746
TI  - [Separation of colicins from E. coli strains isolated from lambs].
AB  - Bacteriologic and serologic studies were carried out on the etiology of coli
      infections in newborn and young lambs. Ascertained was the participation of some
      serogroups of Escherichia coli in cases of lamb septicaemia, such as 019, 020,
      025, 078, and 0101. Colicin was found to be produced by a total of 64 strains as
      well as colicin V by 14 strains, all belonging to serogroup 025.

PMID- 3887747
TI  - [Presence of Yersinia enterocolitica in raw cow's milk].
AB  - Studied were a total of 286 samples of raw milk from 12 dairy farms for the
      presence of Yersinia enterocolitica. Various methods and nutrient media were
      tested for the successful isolation of this organism. It was found that 11.89 per
      cent, on an average, of the investigated samples contained Y. enterocolitica. The
      positive samples on the individual farms varied from 0 to 33.33 per cent. Best
      results were obtained with the use of the phosphate buffer physiologic saline and
      Rappaport's modified broth at two-step enrichment. The reseeding on MacConkey and
      Endo agar as well as the treatment of the enriched media with weak solutions of
      KOH made it feasible to isolate and identify the organisms of Y. enterocolitica.
      It was also established that the Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from raw cow
      milk did not refer to the European serotypes 0:3 and 0:9 that were pathogenic for
      humans. Biochemically, the isolated ones were found to belong to the newly
      suggested Yersinia frederiksenii and Yersinia intermedia.

PMID- 3887748
TI  - [Use of aviation transportation for evacuation of the wounded and sick during
      World War II].

PMID- 3887749
TI  - [Current principles of the combined treatment of cervical cancer patients].

PMID- 3887750
TI  - Anti-A production by a group O spleen transplanted to a group A recipient.
AB  - A group A1 diabetic received a pancreas-spleen transplant from a group 0 donor.
      Severe immune hemolysis due to anti-A ensued, requiring graft splenectomy. The
      transplanted spleen can be a potent source of blood group antibody.

PMID- 3887751
TI  - Adenine-supplemented blood.

PMID- 3887752
TI  - [Intestinal dysbacteriosis in patients with dysentery and gastritis with
      secretory insufficiency].

PMID- 3887754
TI  - [Cerebral arachnoiditis (review of the literature)].

PMID- 3887753
TI  - [Treatment of patients with cardiopulmonary insufficiency (review of the
      literature)].

PMID- 3887755
TI  - [Hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to influenza viruses].
AB  - Six hybrid clones producing monoclonal antibodies (MCA) to influenza A/FMI/47
      virus and 9 hybrid clones producing MCA to influenza A/USSR/090/77 virus have
      been developed. The resulting MCA have been shown to be highly specific for
      influenza viruses of H1N1 serotype and differentiating H1N1 viruses from H0N1 and
      H3N2. In 3 out of 11 hybrid clones under study, unique marker chromosomes not
      occurring in cells of the myeloma parents have been found.

PMID- 3887756
TI  - [40th anniversary of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR].

PMID- 3887757
TI  - [Physicochemical and biological properties of the agents isolated from a patient
      with amyotrophic leukospongiosis and monkeys with experimentally reproduced
      disease].
AB  - The paper describes isolation from the brain of a patient who died of amyotrophic
      leukospongiosis (ALSP) and from squirrel monkeys with experimentally induced
      disease of heretofore unknown agents whose reproduction in continuous cell lines
      (HEp-2, CV-1, Vero) was accompanied by a significant increase in the mitotic
      activity of cells and adsorption of human 0(1) and M. rhesus erythrocytes. The
      blood sera from patients with ALSP and a monkey with experimental disease were
      found to contain a factor specifically inhibiting the hemadsorption phenomenon
      and the increase of the mitotic activity in the infected cell cultures.
      Investigations of the properties of the isolates showed them to have a buoyant
      density of 1.18 g/cm3 in a 20-60% sucrose gradient, to incorporate radioactive
      precursors of RNA and protein synthesis, and to be highly resistant to the effect
      of some physical and chemical factors. The data obtained suggest that the
      isolates differ from all the presently known conventional viruses but have some
      similarity with etiological agents of slow infections and may be classified as
      unconventional viruses.

PMID- 3887758
TI  - [Use of highly sensitive methods of detecting hepatitis B virus markers for
      studying epidemic foci of hepatitis B].
AB  - Passive hemagglutination test (PHA) was found to detect HBsAg in the population
      living outside the hepatitis B virus foci 1.5-fold as frequently as counter
      immunoelectroosmophoresis technique, and anti-HBs by enzyme immunoassay 14-fold
      as frequently. As compared with normal population, the contacts in foci had 4
      fold higher levels of HBsAg carrier state and twice as high rates of detection of
      anti-HBs. The total index of HBV infection in foci was 27.7%. The above materials
      considerably extend the concepts of HBV epidemiology. The regularity of the
      results obtained indicate the specificity and high sensitivity of PHA and EIA
      tests and suggests that they be used on a wider scale.

PMID- 3887759
TI  - Cholelithiasis in pregnancy.

PMID- 3887760
TI  - Intracavitary chemotherapy for malignant disease confined to body cavities.
AB  - The direct administration of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents into the
      peritoneal or pleural cavities to treat malignant disease principally involving
      these regions is based on modeling studies suggesting a major pharmacokinetic
      advantage for the exposed cavity compared with the plasma. The safety and
      clinical efficacy of several agents administered directly into body cavities
      either singly or in combination have now been shown. Additional studies are
      needed to define optimal drugs, dosages and treatment schedules for the various
      tumors confined to body cavities. Whether this form of therapy will prove to be
      superior to standard systemic drug administration will require controlled
      clinical trials comparing the two treatment methods.

PMID- 3887762
TI  - Sherlock Holmes' methods of deductive reasoning applied to medical diagnostics.
AB  - Having patterned the character of Sherlock Holmes after one of his professors,
      Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, himself a physician, incorporated many of the didactic
      qualities of the 19th century medical diagnostician into the character of Holmes.
      In this paper I explore Holmes's techniques of deductive reasoning and their
      basis in 19th and 20th century medical diagnostics.

PMID- 3887763
TI  - [Effect of menstrual bleeding on the physical fitness of women and the problem of
      using selected psychomotor parameters in the study of this effect].

PMID- 3887764
TI  - [Limitations of studies on the functions of the human immune system].

PMID- 3887761
TI  - Photochemical air pollution. Part I.

PMID- 3887765
TI  - [Host reaction in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: tumor infiltration with
      monocytes/macrophages].
AB  - The number and distribution of macrophages in deep frozen sections of various non
      Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) were evaluated in situ by immunomorphometry using
      stereological methods. The density of infiltration was correlated with clinical
      parameters. Several monoclonal antibodies reactive with antigens present on cells
      of the monocyte-macrophage series were tested in parallel. The density of
      macrophages within NHL of high malignancy with 11.3 X 10(3) +/- 1739 positive
      cells/microliter tumour tissue was higher than in those of low malignancy (4.7 X
      10(3) +/- 628). The highest value of positive cells was found in immunoblastic
      lymphoma (17.3 X 10(3) +/- 2773), differing significantly from other histological
      subtypes of NHL and normal tissue (normal tissue: 6.5 X 10(3) +/- 1027, p less
      than 0.005). With regard to clinical parameters, localized NHL displayed lower
      infiltration numbers than generalized NHL. Possible mechanisms of influencing
      tumour growth are discussed in view of the large infiltration density of the
      monocyte macrophage series in NHL of unfavourable histology and advanced clinical
      stage.

PMID- 3887766
TI  - [Albert Muller-Deham--an unjustly forgotten Austrian pioneer in geriatrics].
AB  - Albert Mueller-Deham played a role of great importance in the history of American
      and general geriatrics. He was born in 1881 in Vienna where he studied medicine.
      After graduation he was an intern, and later assistant professor at the First
      University Department of Medicine in Vienna. Among his teachers were such famous
      names as von Nothnagel, von Noorden und Wenckebach. In 1925 he was appointed
      chief of the medical department in the large, renowned "Versorgungsheim Lainz" in
      Vienna and became director of the geriatric research unit established by his
      initiative. With many scientific papers and his most important work, the textbook
      on geriatrics "Internal Medicine in Old Age" (in three languages) he became one
      of the pioneers of modern geriatrics. His main interest laid in the importance of
      the pathology of old age and its connection with clinical diseases. In 1938 he
      emigrated to the United States for politico-racial reasons and worked as
      attending physician at the Goldwater Memorial Hospital in New York. There he had
      the chance to continue his scientific work and pass on his vast experience to
      colleagues and students until his retirement from clinical practice in 1951. His
      new interests were philosophy and art, resulting in a book entitled "Human
      Relations and Power". Mueller-Deham died at the age of 90 in Santa Barbara,
      California. Albert Mueller-Deham deserves an important place in the history of
      medicine for recognizing, as one of the first in Austria, the characteristic
      features of diseases in old age as opposed to younger age groups. His clinical
      observations in the light of subsequent post-mortem analyses laid the foundation
      of modern geriatric medicine.

PMID- 3887767
TI  - [History of the Institute for General and Experimental Pathology of the
      University in Vienna].
AB  - Salomon Stricker became the first head of the Department of General and
      Experimental Pathology, which was inaugurated by Rokitansky. Stricker, who was
      originally a histologist, recognized, in the colouring matters with which he
      treated surviving tissue, also the function of reagents. Knoll urgently requested
      a ward to be attached to the department. Paltauf extended the field of work by
      dissection for experimental pathology, microbiology of pathogenic germs,
      pathological morphology and chemistry. Rothberger's research concerning the
      anatomical basis of electrocardiography originated here. The department was
      closed down before 1938. Its revitalization came in 1956 by Adolf Lindner.

PMID- 3887768
TI  - [Trichomoniasis in female prisoners].
AB  - The vaginal contamination with trichomoniasis infection was examined in a group
      of 397 female prisoners from January 1980 until December 1983. The infestation
      frequency was 20,65%--which is approximately twice as high as the average
      infestation rate of the remaining female population. The highest occurrence of
      infestation in our patient group was found in women under 20 years of age, which
      is just the opposite of the remaining female population where the most frequent
      infestation occurs in women between 35 and 40 years of age.

PMID- 3887769
TI  - [The supply of iodine in the province of Vorarlberg].
AB  - For evaluation of iodine supply in Vorarlberg, Austria, iodine urine excretion
      was measured in 299 patients. The Mean was 74,3 +/- 53,6 micrograms J/g Cr, the
      Median 61 micrograms J/g Cr. 79% of the patients showed an iodine deficiency I
      according to WHO classification and 41% an iodine deficiency II. In this patient
      group were included 44 subjects with no thyroid disease who showed an iodine
      excretion of 70.8 +/- 56,5 micrograms J/g Cr and a Median of 50,5 micrograms J/g
      Cr. There was no statistical difference to the values of the patient group.
      Regional evaluation of iodine supply showed an iodine deficiency I in 78% and an
      iodine deficiency II in 38% in the industrial region of the Rheintal. In the
      region Walgau with mixed industrial-rural population an iodine deficiency I was
      found in 81% and an iodine deficiency II in 45%. In the rural areas of
      Bregenzerwald and deep valleys an iodine deficiency I could be demonstrated in
      81% and 83% respectively and an iodine deficiency II in 47 and 57% respectively.
      This moderate but statistically not significant differences show the minor
      influence of alimentation in iodine supply. Assuming a constant table salt
      consumption the results support the common belief that iodine supply in iodine
      deficient areas is strongly connected to incorporation of iodinated table salt.
      Therefore an increase of the iodination of table salt in Austria seems to be
      necessary to guarantee sufficient iodine supply.

PMID- 3887770
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis in acute right hypogastrium. Attempt at the evaluation of
      effectiveness].
AB  - The diagnostic efficacy of ultrasonography was assessed on the basis of 40
      unselected and consecutive patients admitted for acute disorders of the right
      inferior abdominal quadrant. In this group of patients ultrasonic screening
      yielded a diagnostic specifity of 0.78 and a sensitivity of 0.92. Knowledge of
      various anatomical findings and constant training are considered to be of equal
      importance in order to obtain satisfying results.

PMID- 3887771
TI  - New surgical approaches to ulcerative colitis in children and adults.

PMID- 3887773
TI  - Vaclav Treitz (1819-1872): Czechoslovakian pathoanatomist and patriot.

PMID- 3887772
TI  - Pediatric microsurgery.

PMID- 3887774
TI  - Vitamin E and blood.

PMID- 3887775
TI  - Nutritional and hormonal requirements of mammalian cells in culture.

PMID- 3887776
TI  - Mechanism of conversion of beta-carotene into vitamin A--central cleavage versus
      random cleavage.

PMID- 3887777
TI  - Nutritionally beneficial cultural practices.

PMID- 3887778
TI  - Vitamins and immunocompetence.

PMID- 3887779
TI  - [Hospital organization in the early 18th century as reflected in a contemporary
      example. I. Hospital character in the Halle school complex "of the orphanage"].
AB  - The Halle hospitals of 1708 and 1722 standing at the beginning of a clinical form
      of treatment are the result of a farseeing individual planning. Architectural
      data, raising of funds and personal structure are demonstrated on the basis of
      the remaining documentations on the occasion of their establishment performed 275
      years ago. The details described characterize a medical care system which still
      nowadays demands the respect of the modern lookers-on.

PMID- 3887780
TI  - [Hospital organization in the early 18th century reflected in contemporary
      documentation. II. Task complex of the institutional physician of the Halle
      school complex "at the orphanage"].
AB  - The clinical treatment in the Halle hospitals of the early 18th century was
      embedded in a care treatment system issuing from criteria which seem to be very
      modern to us. The systematisation of the practices of admission as well as the
      connection of curative and preventive medicine is made clear on the basis of
      preserved documentations. For the sector of hospital medicine the Halle approach
      must be regarded as spade-work; it gave an instance which was followed with
      considerable lateness in other towns.

PMID- 3887781
TI  - [High points in the development of surgery to 1914].

PMID- 3887783
TI  - [Microsurgical experimental studies in urology and their film documentation].
AB  - Animal experimental studies of the small vessels and the ways for drainage of
      semen in the autopsy specimen were introduced as assumption for the clinical
      employment in the andrologic urology. The re- and autografting of the testes and
      the reconstruction of the ways for drainage of the semen as vaso-vasoneostomy and
      vaso-epididymostomy in case of occlusive azoospermia are the aim. Value and
      problem of microsurgical operations in experimental animal and autopsy specimen
      in place of conventional operative techniques are discussed. The introduction of
      a Cine-TV adapter for operating microscopes of the VEB Carl Zeiss Jena modified
      by the authors took place. This one improved the film documentation of
      microsurgical operations.

PMID- 3887782
TI  - Experimental elimination of various intestinal segments by means of
      devascularization (devitalization).
AB  - Segments of the small and large intestine, of varying lengths (10-180 cm), were
      devascularized by simultaneously ligating the mesenteric arteries and veins. When
      the circulation had been cut off, the ends of the devascularized segment were
      both ligated, continuity of intestinal passage was renewed by forming an
      anastomosis and the isolated segment was left in situ, together with its
      contents. Contrary to accepted views, no changes leading to death (necrosis and
      peritonitis) occurred, but the devascularized tissue was progressively destroyed
      and reconstructed until, after four weeks, all that was left was a minute fibrous
      residue. None of 41 pigs died as a result of devascularization, including those
      in which large doses of pathogenic microorganisms were injected into the isolated
      segment. The possibility of employing this technique in the surgical treatment of
      inoperable tumours is discussed.

PMID- 3887784
TI  - [Biocompatibility of implants with and without fluorohydrocarbon glow polymer
      coating. 4. Recommendations for the histocompatibility (repair) index for the
      evaluation of various implant materials].
AB  - The measurement of the thickness of the fibrous capsula around implant materials
      to different titmes and the material dependent speed of the subsidence process of
      the tissue reaction were formed to an index. The derivation of the index is
      described by a course study with 4 materials about 5 periods. The determination
      of the index is represented simply mathematically and also delineating
      geometrically. The index should be determined between 50 and 200 days, better
      between 90 and 150 days. Individual wound reactions superimpose the material
      effect before and the final state of the tissue reaction hinders the speed
      interpretation of the quickness of subsidence prgcess after this period.

PMID- 3887785
TI  - [Duhring's dermatitis herpetiformis].
AB  - We report on a 56-year-old man suffering from chronic itching, papulovesicular,
      polymorph dermatosis. Clinical aspects, diagnostics, as well as therapeutic
      procedure in dermatitis herpetiformis are discussed.

PMID- 3887786
TI  - [Postoperative asystole caused by malfunction of an external demand pacemaker
      during hemofiltration].
AB  - We report on a 54-year-old patient with chronic renal failure, in whom complete
      AV block occurred after aortic valve replacement. During hemofiltration an
      external demand pacemaker sensed spikes induced by the employed machine. This
      caused an asystole. Fixed rate pacing re-established regular ventricular
      contractions.

PMID- 3887787
TI  - [Activation of the kallikrein-kinin system by endotoxin in the experimental shock
      model of the rat].

PMID- 3887789
TI  - Is the Merkel cell a secondary sensory cell? (A contribution to the
      classification of merkel cell neurite complexes).

PMID- 3887788
TI  - [Friedrich Kopsch as histologist and embryologist. In memory of a great Berlin
      anatomist on the 30th anniversary of his death, 24 January 1985].

PMID- 3887790
TI  - Enzymatic nitrate assay by a kinetic method employing Escherichia coli nitrate
      reductase.
AB  - An enzymatic assay system for nitrate employing the membrane-bound nitrate
      reductase (EC 1.7.99.4) of E. coli is described. Contrary to previous enzymatic
      assay systems, the present method is a kinetic one, i.e. the substrate, nitrate,
      is assayed by measuring the reaction rate of the nitrate reductase-catalyzed
      reaction. Based on the observation that the nitrate reductase-catalyzed reaction
      obeys pseudo-first order kinetics, a test system is described allowing the assay
      of nitrate at a concentration as low as 1 ppm. The relatively high Michaelis
      Menten constant for nitrate (0.3 mM) of the E. coli nitrate reductase favours
      nitrate assay by the kinetic method.

PMID- 3887791
TI  - Occurrence of "stress"-proteins in yeast after heat-shock, acrylonitrile
      treatment and during the stationary growth phase.
AB  - The response of yeast cells to different kinds of "stress" is not identical.
      Cells of the stationary growth phase synthesize three new proteins of molecular
      weights 68, 27 and 24 kD, compared with cells of the exponential growth phase,
      while heat-shocked cells exhibit new proteins of 100, 90, 84, 70 and 24 kD. After
      treatment with acrylonitrile two new proteins with molecular weights of 70 and 46
      kD appear. However, all three kinds of "stress" lead to the induction of a
      ribonuclease.

PMID- 3887793
TI  - [Persistence of the L forms of hemolytic Streptococcus group A in patients with
      recurrent erysipelas].

PMID- 3887792
TI  - Effects of macrophage activity on the antibody-dependent cytotoxicity against
      Trichinella spiralis newborn larvae: an in vitro cytotoxicity and ultrastructural
      study.
AB  - The effect of the activity of macrophages on the antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
      against Trichinella spiralis newborn larvae was studied in vitro. Macrophages
      present in peritoneal exudates from mice genetically selected for high and low
      antibody production (HL and LL, respectively) showed an inverse cytotoxic effect.
      Cells from HL mice were ineffective, whereas cells from LL mice had a very high
      killing capacity. Ultrastructural studies of cells after incubations of up to 36
      h supported these observations. Furthermore, peritoneal macrophages from
      congenitally athymic (nu/nu) mice showed a higher killing potential than cells
      from thymus-bearing littermates (+/nu) mice. The activity of the latter cells
      could be increased by in vitro pretreatment of the mice with Calmette-Guerin
      bacillus, a well-known macrophage stimulating agent. The results indicate that
      macrophages, although not the only effector cells, may play an important role in
      the defence against T. spiralis newborn larvae.

PMID- 3887794
TI  - [Chronic recurring pathological process caused by persisting L forms of
      Streptococcus group A in an experiment].

PMID- 3887795
TI  - [Catamnesis in patients with bullous and cicatricial pemphigoid].

PMID- 3887796
TI  - [The effector phase of cellular immune response in patients with syphilis].

PMID- 3887797
TI  - [Syphilis and the organ of vision].

PMID- 3887798
TI  - [Does negative feedback exist in the determination of sex?].

PMID- 3887799
TI  - [Psychosomatic aspects of dental prosthetic treatment (II)].

PMID- 3887800
TI  - [Dental metals in dental prostheses].

PMID- 3887801
TI  - [Immunoenzyme demonstration of isoantigens A, B and H in kidney tissue changed by
      putrefaction].
AB  - In contrast to blood serology, which usually fails in specimens more than a few
      days old, immunohistochemistry (PAP technique) provided reliable information on
      the blood group (ABO) and, in most cases, also the secretor character of 23
      kidney specimens stored for months at room temperature. Better results were
      obtained with monoclonal antibodies than with human sera. In the late stages of
      decomposition, blood group diagnosis is based on the more decomposition-resistant
      antigens of the collecting tubular epithelium (in secretors) and the endothelia
      of the arteriolae medullares rectae and not on the identification of erythrocytic
      antigens. In addition, a decomposition-resistant epithelial antigen in the distal
      convoluted tubules (Tc II) is unmasked by autolysis or heterolysis. "Blood group"
      antigens were frequently detected in bacteria and fungi. These antigens, however,
      were clearly distinguishable from blood group characters of the tissue. A
      transient, weak, false-positive reaction with monoclonal anti-B appeared in
      decomposed Tc II epithelia.

PMID- 3887802
TI  - [Results following microsurgical epididymovasotomy].
AB  - The chance of refertilization in patients with obstructive azoospermia increases
      using microsurgical operation techniques. For the establishment of the
      therapeutic concept the excluding or confirming diagnosis of a distal obstruction
      of the spermatic canal by means of the preoperative vasovesiculography is
      necessary. In 19 patients with an obstruction in the transitional zone of
      epididymus and spermatic duct after epididymovasostomy the patency of the
      spermatic canals was achieved in 56% of the cases and a conception rate of 22%.

PMID- 3887803
TI  - [Various aspects of the management and reproduction of spontaneously diabetic BB
      rats].

PMID- 3887804
TI  - [Effect of cadmium, zinc, lead and mercury on enzyme activity in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae].
AB  - The in vivo influence of cadmium, zinc, lead, and mercury on the activities of
      intracellular enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied. Cadmium and
      lead cause a significant increase of the enzyme activities. Zinc and mercury do
      not affect the enzyme activities but they intensify considerably the effects of
      cadmium and lead. A reduction of enzyme activities is found only rarely.
      Interactions between the heavy metals tested can lead to synergism or to
      antagonism or rather to an addition of the effects. The findings suggest that
      under in vivo conditions heavy metals show only an indirect influence on
      intracellular enzymes.

PMID- 3887805
TI  - [Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Oskar R omer (1866-1952). Great aspirations after
      university].

PMID- 3887806
TI  - [This drug book against various tooth diseases and broken teeth is very useful to
      read].

PMID- 3887807
TI  - [Endosseous implants of aluminum oxide-ceramic (Al2O3)].

PMID- 3887808
TI  - [Possibilities and limits of disinfection].
AB  - While making allowance for the changes in defining the term disinfection during
      the last few decades the present understanding of this term is explained.
      Moreover the prerequisites to be satisfied for proper disinfection, especially in
      the light of the new guidelines of the DGHM, are dealt with. This covers both the
      types of germs to be affected by the methods and the various modes of
      disinfection. As known routes of transmission obtaining with infectious
      hospitalism are also included in the discussion, an attempt is made to assign
      priorities to certain methods of disinfection, depending on the extend to which
      they are capable of preventing the transmission of microorganisms. The same
      criteria are applied to the areas outside the hospital (medical and dental
      practices, residential quarters, kitchen etc.) Finally it is attempted ro provide
      a forecast of the future importance of disinfection, with special emphasis on
      chemical disinfection. Known limitations and others to be expected, such as those
      imposed by the toxicity of the substances used, the resistance to such substances
      developed by micro-organisms, material incompatibilities, irreconcilable
      relationships between concentration and time of action and the like, are
      discussed.

PMID- 3887810
TI  - [Otto Kustner (1848-1931)].

PMID- 3887809
TI  - [History of the changes in infectious diseases].
AB  - The spectrum of infectious diseases is not at all constant, it changes. This
      statement is relevant for the great epidemics as well as for nosocomial
      infections and simple infectious processes. The epidemiological situation of
      plague, lepra, cholera and diphtheria is discussed. As concerns nosocomial
      infections four periods are separated: the time before Semmelweis and Lister, the
      period of the introduction of antiseptic/aseptic measurements to the hospitals
      and the chemotherapy-time (period until 1965) and the time afterwards. The
      spectrum of nosocomial infections and its changes as observed in the Cologne area
      are presented. But also the types of a certain bacterial species are changing as
      discussed on the example of S. aureus phagetype 80/81. As far as known factors
      involved in these changes are mentioned. The increasing use of plastic materials
      in medicine (i.e. intravenous catheters, Spitz-Holtershunts, hipps, valves,
      etcetera) is the cause of infectious complications, S. epidermidis being the
      dominant organism.

PMID- 3887811
TI  - Depressed bacterial growth in whey during endotoxin induced mastitis.

PMID- 3887812
TI  - [The Expanded Programme on Immunization: the results of its realization, problems
      and outlook].

PMID- 3887814
TI  - [Serological diagnosis and immunological aspects of Proteus infection. V. Design
      and trial of polyvalent antigenic preparations].
AB  - The main principles of the development of Proteus polyvalent antigen and
      erythrocyte diagnosticum, including the selection of the initial strains
      according to the clinical importance of their H-antigens and to the variety of
      their partial factors, the combination of monoantigens to form a polyvalent
      antigenic preparation with due regard to the potency of each component and the
      use of the preparation in serological tests in accordance with its summary
      potency, as well as the simultaneous loading of formaldehyde-fixed and tannin- or
      bisdiazo benzidine-treated sheep red blood cells with sensitins, have been worked
      out. The diagnostic value of these preparations has been confirmed by the study
      of serum samples from 579 patients with intestinal and urological infections
      (among them 153 patients releasing Proteus) and 245 healthy persons.

PMID- 3887813
TI  - [Characteristics of bacteria in the genus Proteus isolated from patients with
      sporadic and group intestinal diseases].
AB  - The biochemical and biological properties of 148 Proteus strains isolated from
      patients both in sporadic intestinal infections and in a case of group infection
      in children's hospital was studied. The study revealed that the etiological
      factor of the group infection was P. mirabilis belonging to rare serovar 48:2.
      Proteus organisms isolated in sporadic infections belonged to a great number of
      serovars. No relationship between the isolated serovar and the nosological form
      of the intestinal disease was established. Among the Proteus strains under study,
      82 strains showed atypical biochemical properties in 1 test or more. No
      correlation between the clinical diagnosis and the occurrence of atypical strains
      was established.

PMID- 3887815
TI  - [Protective activity of a cell-free Klebsiella vaccine in infection in mice
      caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes].
AB  - The capacity of dried Klebsiella cell-free vaccine, obtained from strain No. 204
      by the disintegration of microbial mass with hydroxylamine, for protecting mice
      from pneumococcal infection caused by S. pneumoniae, serotypes 3, 4 and 9N, has
      been studied. Klebsiella vaccine has been found to possess immunostimulating
      potency with respect to the S. pneumoniae serotypes under study. On day 5 this
      potency is manifested to a greater extent than 24 hours after immunization. The
      combination of Klebsiella vaccine with Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus
      and Escherichia coli K-100 antigens enhances the stimulation of nonspecific
      resistance.

PMID- 3887816
TI  - [Removal of biologically active admixtures from immunoglobulin preparations].
AB  - Inclusion of an additional treatment of the products obtained at centrifugation
      stages b1 and b13 with activated bentonite and aluminium hydroxide into the
      alcohol method for the production of immunoglobulin from placental and abortion
      blood permits obtaining preparations with lowered content of proteolytic enzymes
      and thermostable acid phosphatase, free from chorionic gonadotropin and blood
      pigment. The treatment of the final preparation with DEAE cellulose removes blood
      group antigens from immunoglobulins. The preparations obtained by this method
      have been shown to meet the requirements for immunoglobulins imposed by
      technological specifications.

PMID- 3887817
TI  - [Nomenclature and taxonomy of bacteria of the tribe Klebsielleae].

PMID- 3887818
TI  - [Etiological diagnosis of suppurative bacterial meningitis today].
AB  - As the result of laboratory examination of 2165 patients with virulent bacterial
      meningitides, including cases of meningococcal infection, the etiological
      diagnosis was confirmed in 1407 patients (65.0%), the number of cases confirmed
      by the laboratory examination being significantly greater among adults than among
      children: 67.5 +/- 1.37% and 63.1 +/- 1.53%, respectively, (t = 2.1).
      Meningococcal infection was confirmed in 1111 (70.6%) out of 1572 patients under
      examination. Of the patients with purulent meningitides, pneumococcal etiology
      was determined in 27.4%, type b of Haemophilus influenzae in 13.5%, other
      infective agents in 10.0%. The comparison of the results obtained in the
      examination, carried out by different methods, of 946 children and 770 adults
      with meningococcal infection revealed a considerable difference in the number of
      positive results yielded by the bacteriological method and countercurrent
      immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). Among adults meningococci were isolated twice as
      frequently (41.1 +/- 2.5% - 19.4 +/- 1.6%), and the results yielded by CIE were
      predominantly positive (55.1 +/- 2.5% and 40.1 +/- 2.5%). CIE and the
      immunoenzyme assay were shown to have advantages in the diagnosis of the disease.
      Under the conditions of intensive antibiotic therapy the methods based on the
      detection of specific antigens in body fluids can greatly assist in diagnosis.

PMID- 3887819
TI  - [The epidemic process as a system. I. The structure of the epidemic process].
AB  - A new epidemiological concept (socio-ecological) has been formulated on the basis
      of the principles of the theory of systems and the theory of information. In
      accordance with this concept, the epidemic process is organized on the same
      principle as living matter, and the stability of this process at all levels of
      its organization is ensured by the processes of self-regulation. The conditions
      of the life of human society have been shown to be organically incorporated into
      the structure of the epidemic process as a regulating subsystem on the socio
      ecological level.

PMID- 3887820
TI  - [Ecology of serogroup B streptococci in maternity hospitals (preliminary
      report)].
AB  - Materials on the study of the colonization of newborns, their mothers and the
      medical staff of a maternity hospital by group B streptococci are presented.
      These streptococci were isolated from 26.3% of newborns, 19.6% of puerperae and
      14.7% of the staff members. Group B streptococci were found to colonize different
      loci in newborns (the fauces, the nose, the umbilical cord, the ears, feces) and
      their mothers (the fauces, the vagina, the perianal fold, milk, the skin around
      the nipples, amniotic fluid, the umbilical cord). The serological typing of
      streptococci, isolated simultaneously from newborns and their mothers, suggested
      the presence of two possibilities of infecting the newborns with these
      microorganisms: (1) from their mothers and (2) from other newborns or members of
      the hospital staff during the stay in the maternity hospital.

PMID- 3887821
TI  - [Detection of Mycoplasma antigens (Mycoplasma arthritidis and Mycoplasma
      fermentans) in the tissues of experimentally infected animals by using indirect
      immunofluorescence and aggregate-hemagglutination reactions].
AB  - The analysis of the results obtained in the detection of mycoplasmic antigens in
      tissues of infected rabbits by means of the immunofluorescence test and the
      aggregate hemagglutination test, carried out in parallel, indicates that both
      these tests are highly specific, while the immunofluorescence test is more
      sensitive.

PMID- 3887822
TI  - [Analysis of the antigenic and immunogenic properties of protein M of the
      influenza virus by an immunoenzyme method].
AB  - A test system permitting the detection of influenza virus protein M at a
      concentration of 0.1-0.5 ng/ml in ELISA has been developed. The use of this
      system made it possible to detect influenza viruses A and B directly in crude
      virus-containing material and clinical samples obtained from influenza patients.
      During the outbreak of influenza in the spring of 1983 ELISA was successfully
      used for the rapid diagnosis of influenza, and some of its advantages in
      comparison with the conventional immunofluorescence test were thus demonstrated.
      To overcome difficulties arising from the low immunogenic potency of protein M,
      in the process of obtaining diagnostic sera and ascitic fluids the animals were
      immunized with the conjugate of protein M and polyelectrolite, which ensured
      considerable activation of humoral immune response.

PMID- 3887823
TI  - [Structural organization of the pneumococcal bacterial cell].

PMID- 3887824
TI  - [Ecology and epizootiology].

PMID- 3887825
TI  - High prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and enhanced activity of the renin
      angiotensin system in psoriatic patients.
AB  - We have observed a significant higher prevalence of essential hypertension,
      cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in a group of 100 psoriatic patients
      compared with sex and age matched hospitalized controls. Thirty-five psoriatic
      patients exhibited and enhanced plasma renin activity (PRA), while urinary
      aldosterone excretion was raised in 27% of the group. The autonomic
      responsiveness of psoriatic patients, studied by cold pressure test and tilting
      was normal; this finding supports the hypothesis that the enhanced activity of
      renin-angiotensin system is not due to an increased sympathetic function in these
      psoriatic patients. High values of cholesterol, triglycerides and depressed HDL
      cholesterol concentrations were also observed. A complete clinical and laboratory
      examination is very useful in psoriasis in order to initiate an appropriate
      treatment of the risk factors whenever present.

PMID- 3887826
TI  - Hyperthyroidism following primary hypothyroidism in association with
      polyendocrine autoimmunity.
AB  - A 37 year old male with a strong family history of autoimmune disease presented
      with typical symptoms of hyperthyroidism. He had exophthalmos but no goitre.
      Hyperthyroidism was confirmed by failure of 131I neck uptake to suppress after 7
      days treatment with triiodothyronine. Six years previously a diagnosis of primary
      hypothyroidism has been made. At diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, thyroglobulin
      antibodies, thyroidal microsomal antibodies and thyroid stimulating
      immunoglobulins were detected. The absence of thyroid growth stimulating
      immunoglobulins and presence of immunoglobulins blocking TSH-induced growth may
      account for the absence of goitre throughout. HLA -B8, -B, -DR3 and -DR4
      genotypes, low C4 complement concentrations and islet cell autoantibodies were
      detected at the time of diagnosis and 1 year later diabetes mellitus developed.

PMID- 3887827
TI  - Triiodothyronine binding immunoglobulin in a euthyroid man without apparent
      thyroid disease; its properties and effects on triiodothyronine metabolism.
AB  - A 54 year old man with markedly elevated serum T3, but without an apparent
      thyroid disease, was found to have a specific antibody to T3. His serum
      thyroxine, TBG and TSH were in normal range, but T3-RSU was markedly low.
      Antibodies to thyroglobulin and microsome were negative. He was judged euthyroid
      because of a normal basal metabolic rate and a normal thyroidal 123I uptake which
      was suppressed by T3 administration. When serum was extracted with ethanol prior
      to assay, serum T3 was found to be in the upper border of normal range. Several
      experiments revealed the presence of an antibody to T3 in his serum with an
      affinity constant of 3.3 X 10(9) M-1. The binding capacity of the antibody was
      7.6 ng/mg of IgG. The binding of [125I]T3 was almost specific to T3, and
      potencies of T4 and fT3 in displacing [125I]T3 binding were only 1.0 and 0.3%,
      respectively, of that of T3. The antibody contained both kappa and lambda chains
      and was therefore polyclonal. The T3 metabolic clearance rate, which was
      determined by disappearance of injected [125I]T3 from serum, was lower in this
      patient (7.44 1/day) than in normal. The T3-production rate was decreased to 14.9
      micrograms/day, and serum free T3 concentration as well as urinary T3 excretion
      rate were also reduced. Since both serum total and free T4 concentrations were
      normal, the supply of T4 to peripheral tissues would be sufficient to keep this
      patient in a euthyroid state in spite of the anti-T3 antibody.

PMID- 3887829
TI  - Functional development and maturation of the rat thyroid gland in the foetal and
      newborn periods: an immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Immunohistochemical detection of T4, T3 and thyroglobulin (Tg) was undertaken in
      foetal and neonatal rat thyroid glands in an attempt to elucidate the functional
      development and maturation of the gland during these periods. Immunoreactive Tg
      first appeared in the cytoplasm of the immature thyroid epithelium on the 15th
      day of gestation, followed by the occurrence of T4 and T3 in the lumen of
      primitive follicles of the thyroid gland 2 days later. The stainability of Tg, T4
      and T3 increased as the follicular structure became mature; however, no
      significant difference in staining patterns was observed during the perinatal
      periods.

PMID- 3887828
TI  - Comparison of histology and immunohistochemistry with thyroglobulin serum levels
      and radioiodine uptake in recurrences and metastases of differentiated thyroid
      carcinomas.
AB  - The importance of lightmicroscopical and immunohistochemical features of 38
      recurrent differentiated thyroid carcinomas (27 papillary carcinomas (PC), 11
      follicular carcinomas (FC] for post-operative serum thyroglobulin (TG)
      concentrations was analysed in regard to pre-operative serum TG levels with
      tumour type, histological and cytological differentiation, volume fraction of TG
      synthesizing tumour cells (TG immunohistomorphometry), tumour volume and
      radioiodine uptake (RIU). Serum TG concentrations increased with tumour size and
      the number of TG synthesizing tumour cells (r = 0.5). PC and FC did not differ in
      their volume proportions of TG synthesizing tumour cells, while TG serum levels
      in FC significantly exceeded those of PC of similar size. The low TG serum levels
      found in PC might be explained by a specific defect in thyroglobulin secretion.
      Carcinomas with partial or total cytologic metaplasia (e.g. oxyphilic carcinomas)
      had low volume proportions of TG synthesizing cells and low serum TG levels.
      Thirteen of the 38 differentiated carcinomas (34.2%) showed both high TG serum
      levels and positive RIU, 17 (44.7%) disclosed only elevated TG serum levels and 6
      (15.8%) a positive RIU. In two cases (5.3%) TG serum levels were not elevated and
      RIU's were negative. TG immunostaining was positive in all 38 cases. In summary,
      TG serum levels depend on the following morphologic factors in differentiated
      thyroid carcinomas: 1) Number of TG synthesizing tumour cells, 2) Mode of TG
      secretion and 3) Cytological differentiation of the tumour cells. Serum TG levels
      did not predict total body iodine scan.

PMID- 3887830
TI  - Immunoreactive neurotensin in spontaneous syndromes of obesity and diabetes in
      mice.
AB  - Immunoreactive neurotensin was measured in plasma and acid-ethanol extracts of
      brain, intestine and pancreas of obese hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice of the Aston
      strain, C57BL/KsJ diabetes-obese (db/db) mice, and their respective lean
      controls. In lean mice, the intestine was the major source of neurotensin (156
      194 mg/g wet weight and 169-361 ng/intestine), with smaller amounts in the brain
      (33-43 ng/g and 13-17 ng/brain), pancreas (0.8-1.1 ng/g and 0.28-0.32
      ng/pancreas) and plasma (50-100 pg/ml). Compared with lean controls, ob/ob and
      db/db mice exhibited 13 and 23% decreases in brain weight, and 37 and 82%
      increases in intestinal weight. Concentrations of neurotensin in plasma and brain
      were similar in lean and obese-diabetic mutant mice, but the total content of
      brain neurotensin was 25% lower in ob/ob mice. Neurotensin was unchanged in the
      pancreas of db/db mice. However, raised concentrations and total contents of
      neurotensin were observed in the pancreas of ob/ob mice (72 and 57%,
      respectively) and the intestine of both ob/ob (56 and 118%) and db/db (35 and
      144%) mice. These observations raise the possibility that increased neurotensin
      concentrations might exert local effects in the intestine and pancreas which
      contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-diabetes syndromes in mice.

PMID- 3887831
TI  - Renin and angiotensins in cultured mouse adrenocortical tumour cells.
AB  - Mouse adrenal tissue has been reported to contain high renin activity. However,
      it is not clear whether the renin is produced inside the tissue or is derived
      from a blood-borne component. We have investigated a cloned cell line of mouse
      adrenocortical tumour (Y-1) which has a steroidogenic activity. Sizable
      quantities of renin were demonstrated, predominantly in the cell lysate. This
      renin activity was distinguished from cathepsin D in view of its specific
      affinity to anti-renin antibody, optimal pH was determined, and the substrate
      specificity was checked with haemoglobin. Immunoreactive angiotensins were also
      detectable, but were demonstrated both in the cell and in the culture medium.
      This study provides further evidence for the existence of renin intrinsic to the
      adrenal gland. This study also suggests an intracellular role for renin and
      possible secretion of generated angiotensins.

PMID- 3887833
TI  - In memoriam: Webb Edward Haymaker, M.D. (1902-1984).

PMID- 3887832
TI  - Variations in the size of the human brain. Influence of age, sex, body length,
      body mass index, alcoholism, Alzheimer changes, and cerebral atherosclerosis.
AB  - The various factors which determine brain weight and volume of the lateral
      ventricles were studied in an autopsy material of 467 cases. The material
      consisted of 64 men and 17 women between 45-54 years and 196 men and 190 women
      between 70-79 years. The weights of the cerebral hemispheres and of the
      cerebellum and brainstem were determined separately. The volume of the lateral
      ventricles was determined by weighing the hemispheres with and without water in
      the lateral ventricles. The recorded variables were age, sex, body length, body
      weight, cerebral atherosclerosis, Alzheimer changes and alcoholism. Cerebral
      atherosclerosis and Alzheimer changes were quantitated by morphometric methods.
      The results were analysed by conventional and multivariate statistical methods.
      The following observations were made: In normal brains there was a significant
      correlation between the weight of the supra- and infratentorial parts. Similarly,
      there was a significant correlation between the size of the lateral ventricles
      and the weight of the cerebral hemispheres. Women had smaller brains than men
      even when the difference in body length was taken into account. The difference
      was approximately 110-115 g for the whole brain after correction for other
      variables. Women had also smaller lateral ventricles than men, but this
      difference was in proportion to the smaller size of their hemispheres. There was
      a physiologic decline in brain weight and a widening of the lateral ventricles
      with increasing age. This shrinkage probably started after the age of 55. There
      was a clear correlation between body length and brain weight. The estimated
      increase in brain weight was approximately 3 g per cm body length. There was a
      decreasing brain weight and an increasing ventricular size with a decreasing body
      mass index. This shows that emaciation leads to a decrease in brain size. Severe
      Alzheimer changes caused a statistically significant enlargement of the lateral
      ventricles both in men and women. There was a general trend for brain weight
      reduction in cases with severe Alzheimer changes but the decrease was
      statistically significant only in old women, and it could not be entirely
      excluded that the weight reduction in part was due to a concurrent emaciation
      rather than to the Alzheimer changes per se. In the majority of the cases, the
      Alzheimer changes were mild and had probably progressed slowly with age. A few
      cases had very severe changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3887834
TI  - Immunohistochemical studies on human brain tumors using anti-Leu 7 monoclonal
      antibody in paraffin-embedded specimens.
AB  - Using the four-step peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method, the presence of the
      antigen recognized with anti-Leu 7 monoclonal antibody was investigated in
      paraffin-embedded human brain tissue and tumors. The antigen was demonstrated in
      the myelin sheaths, oligodendrocytes, and some choroid plexus cells in normal
      brain and in oligodendrogliomas, some astrocytomas and choroid plexus papillomas.
      The technique can be used to identify normal and neoplastic oligodendrocytes.

PMID- 3887835
TI  - [Surgical treatment of old osteochondral lesions of the talar dome by curettage
      filling].

PMID- 3887836
TI  - The wheezy child.
AB  - Wheezing in association with viral respiratory tract infections occurs in 10-20%
      of all infants and young children and usually indicates hyperreactive bronchi.
      Signs of airway hyperreactivity can usually be demonstrated many years after the
      child has stopped wheezing. This hyperreactivity is partly constitutional, but it
      may be further aggravated by viral infections in the respiratory tract.
      Similarly, allergic inflammation or long-term exposure to airway irritants may
      also cause or aggravate a state of hyperreactivity which may be expressed as a
      proneness to asthmatic reactions. As viral infections are among the most potent
      asthma-provoking factors known, the hyperreactivity does not need to be very
      pronounced before wheezing develops in the infant or young child, with its small
      calibred airway. As long as wheezing only occurs sporadically and only in
      association with viral respiratory tract infections, the prognosis is usually
      excellent. However, recommendations regarding avoidance of potent allergens and
      airway irritants in the daily environment should be given to such families. Such
      advice is especially important for families with a proneness to atopic reactions
      or if wheezing begins to occur even during infection-free periods.

PMID- 3887837
TI  - Near-total pancreatectomy for hyperinsulinism. Spontaneous remission of resultant
      diabetes.
AB  - Persistent hyperinsulinism in the newborn may warrant surgical intervention to
      prevent neurologic sequelae. Subtotal pancreatectomy may not be adequate,
      necessitating near-total pancreatectomy with subsequent development of diabetes
      mellitus. We report an infant with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia who underwent
      near-total pancreatectomy. The postoperative period was characterized by insulin
      dependency and extreme insulin sensitivity. Clinical follow-up and C-peptide
      determinations showed a return of insulin secretory capacity permitting the
      discontinuation of insulin therapy after five months. This experience reaffirms
      the potential for a favorable outcome after near-total pancreatectomy in the
      newborn period for severe hyperinsulinism.

PMID- 3887838
TI  - Problems in diagnostic assessment of young children.

PMID- 3887839
TI  - [Early prevention of pediatric psychiatric disorders in kindergarten and school
      children].

PMID- 3887840
TI  - Conflict-avoiding and conflict-regulating patterns in incest and child sexual
      abuse.

PMID- 3887841
TI  - [Child and adolescent psychiatric therapy in parent evaluation].

PMID- 3887842
TI  - The origin and fall of plasma motilin during Escherichia coli endotoxin shock in
      pigs.
AB  - Plasma motilin decreased significantly during a 120 min intravenous Escherichia
      coli endotoxin infusion which induced deep shock in six anaesthetized pigs.
      Plasma motilin was significantly higher in the portal vein and significantly
      lower in the internal jugular vein than in the aorta and the superior caval vein.
      Following gastrointestinal resection with blood sampling from the portal vein,
      the aorta and the superior caval vein in another six pigs, motilin almost
      disappeared in non-portal plasma, while it decreased significantly in portal
      plasma in which it also fell further during E. coli endotoxin infusion. The
      results support the opinion that the gastrointestinal tract is the main source of
      plasma motilin.

PMID- 3887843
TI  - [Contribution of the AMDP scale to quantitative psychopathology].
AB  - The AMDP-System, elaborated by the Association for Methodology and Documentation
      in Psychiatry, comprises three anamnestic forms and two rating scales on present
      psychopathological and somatic state. Its success is increasing in the German
      speaking and French-speaking countries. The author's thesis bears among others on
      the following aspects: importance of the naming of the items for the reliability
      of the underlying concepts, elaboration of a semi-structured interview and of a
      video methodology, programming of a new measure of interrater reliability in
      single cases, improvement of the somatic scale, and franco-belgian factor
      analyses showing the stability of the AMDP structure and the interest of anxiety
      items specific for the French version [Acta psychiat. belg., 85, 1-252 (1985)].

PMID- 3887844
TI  - Acceleration ratio measurements with ultrasound Doppler in patients with
      occlusive arterial disease. A prospective investigation.
AB  - A prospective investigation was performed concerning the clinical value of
      Doppler examination with a flow velocity profile analysis using the quotient (AR)
      between the acceleration of velocity in a supposed diseased artery as compared
      with the acceleration of flow velocity in a healthy artery. Seventy-nine patients
      with peripheral arterial disease were followed at least one year after
      angiography which was performed as a preoperative examination. Comparing AR with
      angiography and blood pressure measurements it was found that AR values were
      affected favourably by development of good collaterals. AR less than or equal to
      0.25 (Doppler frequency 5 MHz) in the best artery of the foot was found in all
      patients where amputation had to be performed, and in 36 of 44 legs treated with
      vascular reconstruction.

PMID- 3887845
TI  - Accuracy of ultrasonography compared with urography in detection of intrarenal
      dilatation in children.
AB  - Ultrasonography for detection of postoperative intrarenal dilatation following
      surgical intervention for vesicoureteral reflux was investigated in 102 children
      (0-14 years, mean age 4 years and 9 months) over a period of 5 years and was
      compared with urography. Ultrasonography had a high accuracy for demonstration of
      even slight intrarenal dilatation caused by postrenal obstruction, while slight
      and moderate non-obstructive dilatation often was overlooked. The results support
      the application of sonography for repeated controls of postrenal obstructive
      dilatation in children with a known medical record in order to diminish their
      exposure to radiation. The high accuracy does not apply to single sonograms in
      examination of possible obstruction of unknown origin where some alternative
      method should be added.

PMID- 3887846
TI  - Filling of the central intrarenal veins during retrograde pyelography following a
      recent kidney transplantation. Report of a case.
AB  - During routine retrograde pyelography in a recently transplanted kidney filling
      of the central intrarenal veins was observed. This unique radiologic picture was
      due to renal vein thrombosis. The case is discussed in relation to previous
      experimental findings.

PMID- 3887847
TI  - Long-term effects of captopril and atenolol in essential hypertension.
AB  - Fifty patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension were randomized
      (double-blindly) to treatment with either captopril (n = 26) or atenolol (n =
      24). Their mean supine diastolic blood pressure after placebo was 100-125 mmHg.
      The study included an initial dose finding phase (12 weeks) during which the
      dosages of captopril and atenolol were increased stepwise every second week in
      order to obtain normotension (supine diastolic blood pressure less than 95 mmHg).
      Hydrochlorothiazide was added when necessary. During the second phase of the
      study the patients were followed on active treatment for 2 years. After the
      initial 12 weeks of active treatment, recumbent and standing blood pressures had
      fallen significantly both in the captopril group (by 31/20 and 33/19 mmHg, p less
      than 0.001) and in the atenolol group (by 24/18 and 30/20 mmHg, p less than 0.01
      (systolic), p less than 0.001 (diastolic)). The antihypertensive effect was
      maintained in both groups during long-term treatment. The antihypertensive effect
      of both agents was potentiated to the same extent by addition of
      hydrochlorothiazide. Side-effects were few and mild. It can be concluded that
      both captopril and atenolol are safe and effective antihypertensive drugs.

PMID- 3887848
TI  - Influence of protein intake on renal hemodynamics and plasma hormone
      concentrations in normal subjects.
AB  - Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by clearance of inulin and creatinine and
      effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) by para-aminohippurate clearance was
      investigated in 8 normal volunteers on low protein (LP) and high protein (HP)
      diet for 6 days in the basal state and after a mixed protein-rich test meal.
      Plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI), glucagon (IRG) and growth hormone (IRHGH)
      were followed before and after the test meal. GFR was higher on HP than on LP
      diet and increased within one hour after the test meal. ERPF also increased
      significantly after the meal on LP diet. IRI increased maximally at 60 min after
      the test meal and then declined gradually. IRG increased after a latency period
      of 90 min and IRHGH consistently did not change. Since the increase in GFR was
      significant already one hour after the test meal, i.e. before IRG was changed, we
      conclude that glucagon is not a mediator of the protein-induced increased in GFR.
      Neither insulin nor growth hormone appeared to be involved.

PMID- 3887849
TI  - Volume changes in polycystic kidneys during chronic dialysis and after renal
      transplantation.
AB  - Renal volume was determined by repeated CT scanning in 26 patients with adult
      polycystic kidney disease after institution of replacement therapy for terminal
      renal failure. Thirteen patients, treated for an average period of 6.7 years (SD
      3.4, range 1.1-13.7), had a functioning necrokidney graft at the close of the
      study and had been grafted for 80.8% (SD 18) of the total treatment time. They
      showed a reduction of renal volume averaging 1.07% (SD 0.89) per month. Thirteen
      patients, treated for an average period of 5.7 years (SD 3.3, range 1.2-12.2),
      were on dialysis at the close of the study. Four had been on dialysis only, 9 had
      carried one or more (rejected) necrokidney grafts for 22.8% (SD 25) of the total
      treatment time. Three of them showed a significant increase in renal volume,
      whereas ten showed a decrease. The average change of renal volume in the entire
      group was -0.28% (SD 1.36) per month, significantly smaller than in the
      transplanted patients (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that polycystic kidneys
      shrink after successful grafting, whereas volume changes vary on dialysis
      treatment.

PMID- 3887850
TI  - Acute cardiovascular effects of intravenous cimetidine.
AB  - To assess the acute cardiovascular effects of cimetidine--a widely used histamine
      H(2)-receptor antagonist--cuff arterial blood pressure, M-mode echocardiogram of
      the left ventricle and systolic time intervals were recorded in 10 healthy
      volunteers before and after 200 mg of cimetidine or isotonic saline given
      intravenously in a double-blind cross-over manner. Neither echocardiograms nor
      systolic time intervals revealed any significant effects of cimetidine on the
      left ventricular performance. However, cimetidine decreased slightly the systolic
      arterial pressure. The maximal effect of cimetidine (7 +/- 1 mmHg, mean +/- SEM)
      differed significantly from that of saline (3 +/- 1 mmHg, p less than 0.02). When
      compared with the pre-injection level, the calculated total peripheral resistance
      decreased significantly after cimetidine (p less than 0.01), whereas saline
      induced no such change. We conclude that a bolus injection of cimetidine does not
      impair cardiac performance but may induce transient hypotension due to reduction
      of the total peripheral resistance. This reduction can explain the hypotensive
      effect of i.v. cimetidine reported in acutely ill patients.

PMID- 3887851
TI  - Controlled clinical trial of treatment with cimetidine for non-ulcer dyspepsia.
AB  - The effect of cimetidine (1 g daily) and placebo was studied in a controlled
      clinical trial comprising 50 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia in whom an organic
      abnormality responsible for the dyspeptic symptoms was not disclosed by a
      standardized and extensive examination programme. Reduction of symptoms occurred
      in 13 (54%) out of 24 patients treated with cimetidine and in 16 (62%) out of 26
      treated with placebo. The difference was insignificant, as were the alterations
      in the individual dyspeptic symptoms between the groups. Only 6 patients (25%) on
      cimetidine and 8 (31%) on placebo treatment had a total relief of symptoms. Of
      these, all cimetidine-treated patients remained free from symptoms during the
      successive 3-month observation period, while the dyspeptic symptoms relapsed in 3
      (38%) placebo-treated patients. Subsequent resumption of placebo treatment
      reduced the symptoms in all 3 patients, but only one became free from symptoms.
      Cimetidine does not seem to be superior to placebo in the treatment of non-ulcer
      dyspepsia in patients without any previous history of ulcer or without any sign
      on endoscopy of an active or previous ulcer disease.

PMID- 3887853
TI  - Juvenile diabetes mellitus--a risk factor for postoperative venous
      thromboembolism?
AB  - In a retrospective analysis of 125 patients and a prospective evaluation of 83
      patients with terminal uremia undergoing kidney transplantation, juvenile
      diabetes mellitus was found to be a significant risk factor for the development
      of postoperative thromboembolism. We found a high frequency of objectively
      verified thromboembolism despite the relatively young age of the patients.
      Besides diabetes, no other clinical risk factor differed between patients with
      and without thrombosis.

PMID- 3887852
TI  - Tolerability to treatment with metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction in
      relation to age.
AB  - A double-blind trial with the beta 1-selective blocker metoprolol in suspected
      acute myocardial infarction and during 3 months' follow-up included 1395
      patients, aged 40-74 years, 698 on metoprolol and 697 on placebo. In order to
      further evaluate the tolerability to beta-blockade in the elderly, the total
      series was divided into 2 groups according to median age (61 years) and into
      quartiles, the lowest quartile (40-57 years) being compared with the highest (67
      74 years). The decrease in heart rate and systolic blood pressure after
      intravenous metoprolol in the acute phase was similar in the elderly and the
      younger patients. Hypotension was observed more often in the metoprolol-treated
      than in the placebo-treated younger patients, while no difference was observed in
      the elderly. Bradycardia was observed more often in the metoprolol group in both
      age groups, while there was no difference regarding the incidence of congestive
      heart failure in either the younger or in the elderly patients. The effect on
      mortality, serious ventricular arrhythmias and chest pain seemed to be similar in
      different age groups. From the present series we conclude that hemodynamic
      reactions and tolerability to beta-blockade can be expected to be similar in
      elderly and younger patients.

PMID- 3887854
TI  - Reversibility of cerebral symptoms in severe hypertension in relation to acute
      antihypertensive therapy. Danish Multicenter study.

PMID- 3887855
TI  - Adrenaline and preeclampsia.
AB  - Twenty-one preeclamptic women had increased venous plasma-free adrenaline (45 +/-
      5 vs 27 +/- 2 pg/ml, mean +/- SE, P less than 0.01) and plasma-free dopamine (137
      +/- 25 vs 55 +/- 6 pg/ml, P less than 0.01) compared with fifteen normotensive
      pregnant women. Plasma renin activity (P less than 0.001) and aldosterone
      concentration (P less than 0.02) were depressed in the preeclamptic and serum
      potassium increased (P less than 0.02). Plasma adrenaline correlated with blood
      pressure (r=0.80, P less than 0.001) supporting increased sympathetic nervous
      tone in the development of preeclampsia.

PMID- 3887856
TI  - Biological and molecular analysis of p53 cellular-encoded tumor antigen.

PMID- 3887857
TI  - The canine transmissible venereal tumor: a unique result of tumor progression.

PMID- 3887858
TI  - Recovery, repair, and mutagenesis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

PMID- 3887859
TI  - Y chromosome function and spermatogenesis in Drosophila hydei.

PMID- 3887860
TI  - Gene transfer in fungi.

PMID- 3887861
TI  - Cytogenetics of pregnancy wastage.

PMID- 3887862
TI  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 3887863
TI  - A versatile procedure for the closure of small skin defects.
AB  - The author describes a method for the primary, direct closure of wide skin
      lesions, combining the "lazy S," "crown," and the "H"-advancement flap
      techniques. The "lazy S" edges of the flaps permit the satisfactory use of
      adjacent surrounding skin with good aesthetic results, when the flaps alone would
      otherwise be placed under too much strain.

PMID- 3887864
TI  - [Introduction to the biology of bone grafts].

PMID- 3887865
TI  - [Homologous or autologous bone for augmentation of the mandibular wall?].

PMID- 3887866
TI  - [Bony reconstruction of the mandible: review of current possibilities].

PMID- 3887867
TI  - [The use of a human fibrin glue system in maxillofacial surgery].

PMID- 3887868
TI  - [Intermittent catheterization. Treatment of neurogenic bladder in children].

PMID- 3887869
TI  - [Injuries of the kidney in children. Contribution of computerized axial
      tomography and echography].

PMID- 3887870
TI  - [Clinical application of PPC for nonspecific chronic prostatitis].
AB  - The clinical effectiveness of PPC, amino acid preparation, on nonspecific chronic
      prostatitis was evaluated by the double-blind test method. A mixture of two
      pollen extracts which has been widely employed for the treatment of chronic
      prostatitis was used as a control. Neither antibiotics nor anti-inflammatory drug
      was administered during the investigation. A total of 76 cases was reported from
      six facilities but 14 of them were excluded or dropped out. In 32 cases in the
      PPC group, subjective symptoms such as discomfort after urination, discomfort in
      the perineal region, pollakisuria, sense of residual urine and dysuria were
      improved in 50.0 approximately 61.9% and 70.0 approximately 83.3% after 2- and 4
      week administrations, respectively. Similar results regarding each subjective
      symptom were obtained in 30 cases of the control group and there was no
      significant difference between the two groups. In the overall clinical
      effectiveness concerning subjective symptoms, the effective rate including
      excellently, moderately and slightly effective was 81.3% with PPC and 83.3% with
      control drug. However when the effective rate was limited to excellently and
      moderately effective, PPC was slightly superior to the control drug (50.5% versus
      36.7%). In regard to prostatic tenderness by the digital examination, both PPC
      and control drug induced relatively good improvement after 2-week administration.
      The degree of improvement, however, was not increased in the subsequent 2 weeks.
      Sclerotic change of the prostate was poorly recovered in both groups even after 4
      week treatment. Swelling of the prostate was alleviated in 12.5% of the control
      group after 2 weeks and in 31.8% after 4 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3887871
TI  - Cell counts in bovine milk. Causes of variation and applicability for diagnosis
      of subclinical mastitis.

PMID- 3887872
TI  - The Bayou Bengal of Baldwin County.

PMID- 3887873
TI  - "A case of malformation": an early description of imperforate anus, 1853.

PMID- 3887874
TI  - The art and science of wound healing: the physician can influence the process.

PMID- 3887875
TI  - Surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.
AB  - Trigeminal neuralgia nearly always can be relieved initially with drug therapy.
      Long-term relief, however, is achieved in only 25 percent of patients. When
      medical therapy fails, surgery may be necessary. Percutaneous rhizotomy is an
      effective technique for pain relief, with few medical contraindications.
      Posterior fossa exploration and neurovascular decompression or sensory root
      sectioning is reserved for those patients who do not improve after rhizotomy and
      for selected younger patients.

PMID- 3887876
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the renal parenchyma.
AB  - The classic triad of hematuria, flank pain and abdominal mass is present in only
      15 percent of patients with adenocarcinoma of the kidney. In one-third of
      patients, metastases are present at the time the tumor is discovered. Contour
      abnormalities of the kidney, displacement of portions of the collecting system
      and altered axis of the kidney may be seen on intravenous pyelogram. The presence
      of calcification within a renal mass should increase the index of suspicion for
      malignancy.

PMID- 3887877
TI  - Comparative efficacy of oral sotalol and procainamide in patients with chronic
      ventricular arrhythmias: a multicenter study.
AB  - In an open, randomized, crossover study, the efficacy of sotalol and procainamide
      was compared in 33 patients with frequent, chronic premature ventricular
      contractions (PVCs). A 75% reduction in PVCs/24 hours (two 24-hour recordings)
      was arbitrarily considered to constitute an adequate therapeutic effect. Sotalol
      was started at a dose of 160 mg once daily for 1 week, followed by a 24-hour
      recording. In the absence of any therapeutic effect, the same procedure was
      repeated with 320 mg, 480 mg, and 640 mg daily. Procainamide, 1 gm three
      times/day, was given or, if plasma concentrations were insufficient, 1.5 gm three
      times/day for 1 week. PVC control was obtained in 22 (67%) patients on sotalol,
      including all 12 with ischemic heart disease. Procainamide was successful in 13
      (39%) patients. Effects on the number of attacks of ventricular tachycardia were
      achieved by both drugs in those patients where PVCs were reduced by at least 75%.
      Sotalol caused side effects in five patients, who therefore could not accept
      planned increases in dosage. Side effects were noted by 12 patients with
      procainamide. Nine patients responded to both drugs, seven to neither. Thirteen
      responded to sotalol only and four to procainamide only. We conclude that sotalol
      is a useful alternative to procainamide in controlling chronic PVCs, especially
      in patients with ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 3887878
TI  - Proceedings of the symposium on improved beta-adrenergic blockade therapy:
      results of acebutolol trials. June 1-2, 1984, Monterey, California.

PMID- 3887879
TI  - Smell of danger: an analysis of LP-gas odorization.
AB  - LP-gas derives warning properties from the odorants ethyl mercaptan or thiophane.
      Laboratory tests have implied that the average person has the ability to smell
      the odors before leaking LP-gas reaches one-fifth its lower limit of
      flammability. Generally, however, laboratory tests ignore or discard persons with
      a poor sense of smell, especially the elderly and persons with certain types of
      hyposmia. Some persons who apparently can smell the warning agents when directed
      may otherwise fail to notice or identify them. Elderly men seem particularly
      vulnerable to instances of incidental anosmia and olfactory agnosia.
      Psychophysical testing of the warning agents has been rather unsophisticated.
      There exists neither a standard protocol for testing nor adequate specification
      of the perceptual properties that might make one warning agent better than
      another. Without such developments, improvement in warning agents will fail to
      occur. Possible improvements include increases in concentration, the use of
      blends to insure more uniform delivery of agent and, to decrease the perceptual
      vulnerability of relatively insensitive people, use of agents with favorable
      psychophysical (stimulus-response) functions and use of agents with favorable
      adaptation characteristics. Even without a change in existing products, it seems
      advisable to learn more about the vulnerability of LP-gas users and to employ
      educational means to reduce risks.

PMID- 3887880
TI  - A synopsis of agricultural respiratory hazards.
AB  - This report summarizes the current state of both knowledge and programs
      concerning a wide range of respiratory hazards facing agricultural producers
      including cotton dust, grain dust, agricultural chemicals, organic and inorganic
      dusts, and microbiologic and immunologic agents. Comparisons and criticisms are
      made among the hazards on the basis of their epidemiology, their occurrence
      within the agricultural setting, and current approaches, interest, and support
      for evaluating and controlling the hazard. This report was prepared as both an
      overview of the technical issues and as a focal point of organizational concern
      for what appears to be a very broad and largely underrecognized spectrum of
      occupational health hazards affecting large segments of the agricultural
      industry. The difficulties confronting research and human health in these areas
      are at once technical, sociological, and organizational in nature, and remain a
      challenge to the industry, to government, and to the health profession.

PMID- 3887881
TI  - Exercise and the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
AB  - Longitudinal population studies have consistently demonstrated an association
      between sedentary lifestyles and the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD).
      Diverse lines of evidence from clinical and experimental studies further
      implicate physical inactivity as an important risk factor for CAD. The relation
      between physical inactivity and CAD appears to be curvilinear and independent of
      other major risk factors, but of lower magnitude. Several training-induced
      physiologic adaptations offer plausible mechanisms for the protective effects of
      physical activity. Extrapolation from available data indicates that exercise must
      be habitual, vigorous and continuous to provide protection from CAD. However, the
      observed association between inactivity and CAD could represent several
      hypotheses other than cause and effect. The need for an appropriately designed
      clinical trial is apparent, but such an endeavor is not feasible at present.
      Until more rigorous scientific data are available, judgment on the use of
      exercise in prevention of CAD must necessarily be based on the accumulation of
      evidence supporting the role of physical activity. The rationale for exercise in
      preventing the occurrence of CAD is reviewed.

PMID- 3887882
TI  - Role of physical activity as a secondary intervention for healed myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - Five exercise clinical trials were conducted to determine the effectiveness of
      physical activity on selected outcomes, especially mortality and morbidity rates,
      in patients recovered from myocardial infarction. Although the design of every
      trial differed, each evaluated the effects of medically prescribed and supervised
      regular physical activity. In 3 studies there were substantially lower mortality
      rates in the exercise patients compared with control patients, but statistically
      significant differences occurred in only 1 of the 3 trials. No differences
      between treated and control patients were observed in another trial. In the fifth
      trial, a slight excess mortality rate was reported for the treatment group.
      However, both groups in this trial were assigned to an exercise regimen in which
      only the frequency of attendance and intensity of regimen differed. Although
      regular physical activity tended to reduce mortality rates in the first 3 trials,
      it is apparent that it did not affect recurrence rates of nonfatal myocardial
      infarction. In fact, this condition generally occurred more frequently in treated
      than in control patients. It is clear that more clinical investigations are
      required before a definitive statement confirming the effectiveness of regular
      physical activity as a secondary intervention for myocardial infarction can be
      made.

PMID- 3887883
TI  - Effects of combination cholestyramine-neomycin treatment on plasma lipoprotein
      concentrations in type II hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - Recent prospective clinical trials have established that cholesterol reduction in
      patients with elevated (upper 90th percentile) concentrations of low-density
      lipoproteins (LDL) reduces the incidence of myocardial infarction and sudden
      death. Because the level of protection from these cardiovascular sequelae is
      directly related to the degree of LDL reduction, combination therapy using
      different hypolipidemic agents has been used in patients with type II
      hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP). Neomycin is as effective as cholestyramine in
      reducing LDL levels and combination neomycin-niacin treatment normalizes the
      plasma lipoproteins in 92% of patients with type II HLP. Because neomycin could
      theoretically ameliorate some of the gastrointestinal side effects of
      cholestyramine in addition to further affecting cholesterol levels, the effects
      of combination cholestyramine-neomycin treatment on the plasma lipoprotein were
      assessed in 18 patients with type II HLP in a 9-month clinical trial. Compared
      with diet-only treatment, cholestyramine reduced total and LDL cholesterol levels
      by 77 mg/dl (22%) and 78 mg/dl (31%), respectively. In addition to relieving
      cholestyramine-induced constipation, neomycin further reduced the total
      cholesterol level by 20 mg/dl (6%). However, this further reduction in total
      cholesterol concentration was the result of a decrease in the concentration of
      high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. These findings indicate that combination
      therapy does not have an additive LDL cholesterol-lowering effect and that
      neomycin and cholestyramine is not a useful drug combination. In addition, these
      results illustrate the importance of determining the high-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol concentration to fully interpret the effects of hypolipidemic
      treatment.

PMID- 3887884
TI  - Echocardiographic findings before and after liver transplantation.
AB  - Echocardiographic studies were performed in 73 patients with various types of
      chronic liver disease. They were 0.5 to 19 years old (mean 5). Thirteen patients
      underwent follow-up echocardiography 1 to 13 months (mean 6) after liver
      transplantation. Preoperatively 60 patients (82%) showed evidence of high cardiac
      output (cardiac index greater than 4 liters/min/m2); these patients manifested
      increased left ventricular (LV) and left atrial dimensions and a thickened LV
      posterior wall. Transvenous contrast echocardiographic study confirmed the
      presence of intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunting in 4 patients. Studies after
      liver transplantation revealed a reduced LV end-diastolic dimension in 12
      patients. Cardiac index was reduced a mean of 35% after transplantation (p less
      than 0.001). This study suggests that liver transplantation improves common
      hemodynamic abnormalities in chronic liver disease.

PMID- 3887885
TI  - Dynamic histology of the antral epithelium in the mouse stomach: I. Architecture
      of antral units.
AB  - The architecture of the pure mucous units of the pyloric antrum was investigated
      in 3- to 4-month-old CD1 mice. Units were serially cut in cross section and
      stained by a method combining the periodic acid-Schiff sequence, a modified
      Grimelius's silver nitrate procedure, and Regaud's hematoxylin. A total of 195
      units were then reconstructed. Of these, six were cast in polyester resin and 189
      were two-dimensionally reproduced on graph paper. The reconstructions showed
      antral units to be divided among three main classes. The first class, which
      contained 32% of the units, consisted of fingerlike tubules referred to as
      "singlets." Three types of singlets were observed. The first or type A, which
      represented 76% of the singlets, was divisible into three successive portions: a
      pit (foveola) opening onto the mucosal surface and lined by mucous cells referred
      to as pit cells, an isthmus continuous with the pit and containing immature
      proliferative mucous cells, and a gland forming the blind end of the tubule and
      lined by mucous cells referred to as gland cells. Type B (14% of singlets) was
      similar to type A except that its gland was forked. Type C (10% of singlets)
      differed by the absence of a gland. The units of the second class, which
      contained 53% of the total number, were joined together along part of their
      length and were named "multiplets." Most of them (90%) were organized into
      clusters of two, and 10% into clusters of three. In the joined portion, the
      epithelial cells of the adjacent units were in contact through junctional
      complexes and, therefore, were not separated by basement membranes. Otherwise the
      units showed the same component parts as in singlets. Also, as in singlets, the
      majority of the units were type A and a few were type B or C. The units of the
      third class, or "intermediates," consisted of tubules which exhibited a branching
      process. This process was of variable length but could include gland, isthmus,
      and sometimes pit. Thus, the process duplicated a varying proportion of the unit.
      In conclusion, the pure mucous units of the antrum exhibit various patterns which
      have been designated singlet, multiplet, or intermediate. It is proposed that
      these three patterns are related and represent temporal differences in the
      duplication and production of new units. Based on this assumption, a model has
      been elaborated to depict the likely sequence in the proliferation of pure mucous
      units. It is proposed that this proliferation takes place in the antrum of young
      adult mice.

PMID- 3887886
TI  - Maturation of spermatozoa in the epididymis of the Chinese hamster.
AB  - Chinese hamster spermatozoa gain their ability to move when they descend from the
      testis to the distal part of the caput epididymis, but it is not until they enter
      the corpus epididymis that they become capable of fertilizing eggs. The
      maturation of the spermatozoa proceeds as they further descend the tract and
      perhaps continues even in the vas deferens. During transit between the distal
      caput and proximal cauda epididymides, small membrane-limited vesicles (and
      tubules) appear on the plasma membrane over the acrosomes of the spermatozoa. The
      number of vesicles appearing on the sperm brane reaches a maximum when the
      spermatozoa are in the proximal cauda epididymis. It declines sharply in the
      distal cauda epididymis. Spermatozoa in the vas deferens are free of the
      vesicles. The origin, chemical nature, and functional role of the vesicles that
      appear on the sperm surface during epididymal transit must be the subject of
      further investigation.

PMID- 3887887
TI  - Contribution of 500 g naturally labeled 13C dextrin maltose to total carbohydrate
      utilization and the effect of the antecedent diet, in man.
AB  - Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation was studied for 24 h in 14 healthy young male
      volunteers after ingestion of 500 g naturally labeled 13C carbohydrate. Prior to
      the test, the antecedent diet was high in fat (4 subjects), mixed (4 subjects),
      or high in carbohydrate (6 subjects). The rate of exogenous carbohydrate
      oxidation was greater in the high carbohydrate and mixed diet groups than in the
      high fat group and endogenous carbohydrate continued to contribute to total
      carbohydrate oxidation for approximately 10 h after ingestion of the carbohydrate
      load in all groups. After 14 h, 178 +/- 5 g, 241 +/- 11 g and 260 +/- 9 g
      carbohydrate had been utilized of which 130 +/- 8 g, 155 +/- 6 g and 180 +/- 7 g
      was of exogenous origin in the high fat, mixed and high carbohydrate groups
      respectively. At the end of the test, postabsorptive glucose oxidation was of
      exogenous origin whatever the antecedent diet indicating that much of basal
      hepatic glucose production was covered by glycogenolysis of recently synthesized
      labeled glycogen.

PMID- 3887888
TI  - Wheat proteins in relation to protein requirements and availability of amino
      acids.
AB  - Wheat is a major source of plant protein for man. In parallel with other cereal
      staples, wheat proteins do not contain as high a concentration of the
      nutritionally indispensable amino acids as do animal protein foods. Thus, when
      consumed as an essentially sole source of protein they are not utilized with the
      same efficiency as animal protein foods and more wheat protein is required to
      meet the physiological needs in children and adults for both total protein and
      specific indispensable amino acids, especially lysine and also for threonine and
      tryptophan in specific cases. However, when combined with other food proteins
      such as legumes, oil seeds or animal products the proteins of wheat exhibit
      excellent nutritional complementarity. Furthermore, when wheat-based foods are
      considered in relation to broader concerns for diet, food habits and long-term
      health it is to be concluded that the proteins of wheat can and should continue
      to make a nutritionally important role toward meeting the protein and amino acid
      needs of populations throughout both the developing and developed regions of the
      world. Further research devoted toward improving the digestibility and overall
      nutritional value of wheat proteins and developing acceptable and economic
      sources of wheat protein concentrates should contribute to an even more
      substantial longterm role of wheat as a source of protein in human nutrition.

PMID- 3887890
TI  - Radiation therapy for advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using twice
      a-day fractionation. A long-term follow-up.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with massive advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and
      neck received radiation therapy under the twice-a-day fractionation regimen. One
      hundred ten rad tumor dose was delivered twice daily with a 4-hour gap between
      the fractions, 5 days/week, to a total tumor dose of 7480 rad. The purpose was to
      increase the therapeutic ratio by minimizing sublethal radiation damage to normal
      tissue while allowing reoxygenation of radioresistant hypoxic tumor cells. Fifty
      three percent of the patients showed no evidence of primary tumor at the end of
      the therapy and 60% showed complete regression of massive cervical
      lymphadenopathy. The 2-year recurrent-free rates for patients with tumors of the
      tonsillar region were 36% of T4 (4/11) and 33% (2/6) of N3a. The experience with
      conventional fractionation in similar cases was previously reported by others
      from this institution. They reported 2-year recurrent-free rates of 0% of T4
      (0/10) and 17% (1/6) of N3. The higher recurrent-free rates in our series
      suggests better local and regional tumor control by the twice-a-day
      fractionation.

PMID- 3887889
TI  - Diet and dental health.

PMID- 3887891
TI  - Oral manifestations of bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - Bone marrow protection by transplantation permits the administration of large
      doses of antitumor drugs and radiation. Severe oral complications occur in about
      70% of patients who have had allogeneic bone marrow transplants and to a lesser
      degree in patients who have had autologous and syngeneic transplants. Oral
      complications consist of mucositis, salivary gland dysfunction, loss of
      resiliency of perioral tissues, periodontal disease, and caries. Pre- and post
      transplant oral care aimed at plaque control, control of dental pathology, and
      hydration of oral tissues are important factors in support therapy of bone marrow
      transplant patients.

PMID- 3887892
TI  - Avidin-biotin amplification procedures for the detection of human terminal
      deoxynucleotidyl transferase in cell smears.
AB  - The authors have developed fluorescent avidin and avidin-peroxidase assays to
      detect human terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) in cell smears. These
      assays used specifically purified rabbit anti-calf TdT antibody, biotinylated
      goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody, and either fluorescein isothiocyanate-avidin or
      avidin-biotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex. The use of phosphate-buffered
      saline rather than TRIS-buffered saline or borate-buffered saline was essential
      to obtain optimal results in the fluorescent avidin assay. Fixation of cells with
      either 0.5% paraformaldehyde or 10% neutral buffered formalin was found to be
      superior to either no fixation or fixation with cold methanol or cold 0.1%
      glutaraldehyde in ethanol. The sensitivities of the fluorescent avidin and avidin
      peroxidase assays were shown to be identical, based on staining intensities and
      percentages of positive cells when both assays were performed on cells from 14
      patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and 5 patients with
      lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL).

PMID- 3887893
TI  - Sensitivity enhancement of the cytologic detection of cancer cells in effusions
      by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Cells from 229 pleural and peritoneal spontaneous fluids and 51 peritoneal lavage
      fluids from patients with neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases were studied by
      indirect immunofluorescence with two monoclonal antibodies; MBr1, prepared
      against breast carcinoma, and MOv2, prepared against ovarian carcinoma. The
      results were correlated with those obtained by conventional cytologic methods. A
      cytologic diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma was established in about 50% of the
      fluids examined. Sixty percent of the cytologically malignant fluids contained
      tumor cells reactive with at least one of the two monoclonal antibodies tested.
      The specificity of the labeling was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. In
      addition, 16 fluids with a negative cytologic diagnosis contained cells strongly
      immunopositive with MBr1 and/or MOv2. Reactive mesothelial cells were
      consistently negative. These results suggest that antibodies MBr1 and MOv2 are
      able to identify cancer cells that do not fully meet conventional morphologic
      criteria for malignancy. The two reagents, when used in support of cytologic
      analysis, may substantially reduce the number of false negative cytologic
      diagnoses of fluids from patients with breast and ovarian carcinomas.

PMID- 3887894
TI  - Differences in CEA values determined by EIA and RIA in patients with benign and
      malignant biliary obstructions.
AB  - Serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were determined by both the Roche
      RIA and Abbott EIA methods in 11 patients with pancreatic cancer (9 with
      extrahepatic biliary obstruction); 7 with benign extrahepatic obstruction; 26
      with colonic cancer without biliary obstruction; and 12 normal, non-smoking
      controls. The Roche/Abbott CEA ratios in the patients with malignant and benign
      obstruction (mean ratios = 3.05 and 3.08, respectively), were significantly
      higher than those in patients with colon cancer without biliary obstruction and
      in normal controls (mean ratios = 1.35 and 1.06, respectively). Four patients
      with malignant obstructions were decompressed successfully (bilirubin less than
      or equal to 1.5 mg/dL); the ratios for two of these patients declined to "normal"
      (1.0), while the ratios for the other two remained elevated despite
      decompression. These findings show that some patients with benign or malignant
      biliary obstruction have elevated CEA levels when measured by the Roche RIA but
      not with the Abbott EIA.

PMID- 3887895
TI  - Septicemia secondary to urinary tract infection with colony counts less than
      10(5) CFU/mL.
AB  - This study evaluates the importance of low-colony-count bacteriuria (less than
      10(5) CFU/mL) in septicemia originating from urinary tract infections. In a 14
      month period, 260 episodes of septicemia occurred. No clinical or microbiologic
      evidence for a source other than the urinary tract was evident in 68 (26.2%)
      cases. Of these 68 patients, 13 (19.1%) had colony counts less than 10(5) CFU/mL,
      and 6 of the 13 had colony counts less than 10(4) CFU/mL. Nine of the infections
      were community acquired and four were nosocomial. None of the nosocomial cases
      were associated with an indwelling catheter; four of the 13 patients were
      receiving chemotherapy and/or steroid therapy. These data support the thesis that
      some cases of septicemia in patients other than acutely dysuric women, can be
      caused by UTIs with low colony counts.

PMID- 3887896
TI  - Comparison of sonicated and nonsonicated specimens for the isolation of Chlamydia
      trachomatis.
AB  - Cultures of sonicated and nonsonicated chlamydial specimens were compared using a
      Heat Systems sonicator with a cup-horn attachment for sonication. Chlamydial
      inclusions were detected in 71 of 780 cultures tested; 44 (62%) were positive
      from both, while 12 (16.9%) were positive in nonsonicated only, and 15 (21.1%) in
      sonicated specimens only. The mean number of inclusions from sonicated specimens
      was more than double that from nonsonicated specimens. The cultures of sonicated
      specimens could be screened more quickly because of statistically significant
      higher inclusion counts, less toxicity, and the absence of overlying epithelial
      cells.

PMID- 3887897
TI  - Immunofluorescent studies of the endometrial arteries in the first trimester of
      pregnancy.
AB  - Endometrial spiral arteries from curetted endometrium of 110 first-trimester
      pregnancies were studied by immunofluorescent (IF) technics using antibodies
      against human G, M, and A immunoglobulins, C3, C4, and fibrinogen. Heavy
      deposition of C3 in the arterial walls was found in 16 (14.6%) cases.
      Immunoglobulins, C4, and fibrinogen were found in only a few cases, and their
      staining was weak and not considered in this study. There was also a
      statistically significant (P less than 0.01) higher deposition of C3 in arterial
      walls of primipara (14 of 52), as compared to multipara (2 of 58). The possible
      mechanisms of C3 deposition and the importance of the higher incidence of this
      deposition in primipara are discussed in relation to suggested immunologic
      pathogenetic alterations in preeclampsia.

PMID- 3887898
TI  - Chest pain--esophageal, cardiac, or both?
AB  - The esophagus may be the origin of chest pain clinically indistinguishable from
      that of ischemic heart disease. In some patients the esophageal origin of the
      pain may only be recognized by pharmacological provocation during manometry. We
      describe nine patients with chest pain which could be explained by disorders of
      esophageal motility--diffuse spasm in four, high pressure lower esophageal
      sphincter in three, and "nutcracker esophagus" in two. Methacholine provoked the
      pain and manometric abnormalities in five patients who had normal baseline
      tracings. However, seven patients given methacholine developed ischemic changes
      on the electrocardiogram. In one patient these were typical of Prinzmetal's
      variant angina. The manometric and electrocardiographic abnormalities were
      reversed by intravenous atropine. Ischemic heart disease and esophageal motor
      disorders may occur concomitantly and pose a dilemma in diagnosis and management.

PMID- 3887899
TI  - Pathophysiology of experimental renovascular hypertension.
AB  - The genesis of renovascular hypertension follows a continuum from an acute to a
      chronic phase. Reduction in renal perfusion initiates renin release and
      angiotensin-mediated systemic vasoconstriction. Aldosterone secretion, sodium and
      water retention, and expansion of the extracellular volume ensue. Sustained
      hypertension is further maintained by interacting physiologic mechanisms
      including increased angiotensin II sensitivity, vasopressin, ouabain-like
      substance, the sympathetic nervous system, CNS mechanisms, autoregulation, and
      structural changes.

PMID- 3887900
TI  - Natural history of atherosclerotic and fibrous renal artery disease: clinical
      implications.
AB  - Atherosclerotic renal artery disease and the fibrous renal artery diseases are
      described with respect to their radiographic and clinical characteristics. In a
      retrospective review, serial renal arteriograms of 85 patients with
      atherosclerotic renal artery disease and 66 patients with the medial fibroplasia
      type of fibrous renal artery disease were analyzed to characterize their natural
      history. Atherosclerotic renovascular disease progressed in 37 patients (44%)
      with total arterial occlusion occurring in 14 patients (16%). Medial fibroplasia
      of the renal artery progressed in 22 patients (33%) with no patient progressing
      to complete occlusion. Reduction in kidney size and increase in serum creatinine
      were good clinical markers for progressive atherosclerotic renal artery disease,
      but failed to discriminate between progressive and nonprogressive medial
      fibroplasia. The adequacy of BP control did not correlate with progressive
      occlusive disease in patients with either renal artery atherosclerosis or medial
      fibroplasia. The clinical implications of these observations are discussed with a
      view toward renal revascularization or transluminal angioplasty for preservation
      of renal function.

PMID- 3887901
TI  - Defining the physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of renin: the role of
      specific inhibitors.
AB  - Although renin was identified as playing a role in cardiovascular homeostasis by
      the experiments of Goldblatt in the 1930's, neither its physiologic role in
      organs other than the kidney nor its contribution to the genesis of essential
      hypertension has been defined as yet. It is difficult to interpret studies with
      converting enzyme inhibitors because of their multiple pharmacologic effects.
      Specific inhibitors of renin appropriate for clinical investigation would help
      resolve many questions. Four classes of compounds have been demonstrated to be
      renin inhibitors of high potency: specific antibody, general peptide inhibitors
      of acid proteases, analogs of angiotensinogens, and peptides that are related to
      the amino-terminal sequence of prorenin. Of these, it is likely that
      angiotensinogen analogs will be the first applied in human studies. The minimal
      substrate for renin has the sequence: His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr. Variants
      of this sequence have yielded competitive inhibitors. Recently, remarkably active
      compounds have been synthesized by reducing the peptide bond that is cleaved by
      renin, or by incorporating the amino acid statine, found in pepstatin. These
      compounds have been shown now to be effective in dogs, rats, and monkeys, and
      most recently, preliminary studies have reported their efficacy in humans. Recent
      studies with one of these inhibitors, RIP, raise questions concerning both its
      specificity and site of action.

PMID- 3887902
TI  - The role of vasopressin in experimental and clinical hypertension.
AB  - The vasoconstrictor and vasopressor actions of vasopressin have been revealed in
      recent research through the use of highly specific and sensitive
      radioimmunoassays, employment of peptide antagonists, and comparison with an
      animal model which has hereditary absence of this hormone, the Brattleboro rat.
      Factors now known to modify the pressor effect of vasopressin are the
      baroreflexes, local vascular prostaglandin production, and a specific interaction
      with angiotensin II. In experimental models the volume retaining, but not the
      vasoconstrictor effect of vasopressin is necessary for mineralocorticoid-salt
      hypertension. Vasopressin contributes directly to the increase in arterial
      pressure of glycerol induced acute renal failure. In nephrectomized rats, plasma
      vasopressin is elevated and contributes directly to maintenance of pressure.
      Vasopressin antagonism may reduce arterial pressure in Goldblatt 1 and 2 kidney
      hypertension and in one genetic model, spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), but
      the peptide is not necessary for hypertension in these models. Plasma vasopressin
      is reduced in primary aldosteronism, but may be elevated in malignant
      hypertension. In essential hypertension, there is considerable disagreement among
      various studies in which plasma vasopressin, urine vasopressin excretion,
      platelet associated vasopressin, or vasopressin-neurophysin were measured as to
      whether there is evidence for increased secretion of vasopressin. Only
      preliminary studies of vasopressin antagonism in clinical hypertension have been
      reported. At present, there is no conclusive evidence that elevated vasopressin
      secretion occurs or is necessary for any form of clinical hypertension.

PMID- 3887903
TI  - Natural history of hypertension in renal parenchymal disease.
AB  - This paper discusses the author's version of the known and unknown in the natural
      history of hypertension in renal parenchymal disease. Discussed in particular are
      the prevalence of hypertension in various forms of renal parenchymal disease at
      various levels of renal function, pathogenesis of hypertension in renal
      parenchymal disease, and the course of hypertension in these diseases.

PMID- 3887904
TI  - Treatment of hypertension in renal disease.
AB  - Experimental and clinical evidence are summarized that support the hypothesis
      that enhanced transmission of systemic hypertension to the adapted glomerulus in
      the setting of reduced nephron mass may be responsible for accelerated vascular
      and glomerular damage in the hypertensive stage of parenchymal renal disease in
      man. In experimental models of hypertension associated with reduced renal mass,
      the kidney appears to be damaged directly by transmission of pressure rather than
      primarily through vasoconstriction and ischemia. When hypertension is combined
      with models of glomerular disease, vascular and glomerular injury are aggravated.
      It is proposed that adaptive glomerular hemodynamic alterations which occur in
      parenchymal renal disease magnify the transmission of increased pressure and
      flows when hypertension supervenes. Accelerated vascular and glomerular damage
      and functional deterioration result. According to this hypothesis, control of
      systemic hypertension and minimization of hydraulic stress on the diseased
      glomerulus become critical to the management of chronic renal disease and the
      prevention of progressive renal insufficiency.

PMID- 3887905
TI  - The effect of diuretics on systemic and renal hemodynamics in patients with renal
      insufficiency.
AB  - Diuretics have been used in acute renal failure in an attempt to increase urine
      flow and ameliorate the reduction in glomerular filtrate rate. A beneficial
      response occurs in some experimental models of acute renal failure when diuretics
      are administered prophylactically or very early in the course of renal failure
      and may require a renal vascular bed capable of responding partially, at least,
      to vasodilating stimuli. In chronic renal insufficiency the most important
      indications for diuretic use are for the treatment of systemic hypertension and
      for the correction of the congested state. However, the precise effect of
      diuretic therapy under these conditions is unpredictable and dependent on the
      functional state of the renal vessels. Diuretic administration may at times prove
      detrimental, resulting in a deterioration of glomerular filtration rate. In
      hemodynamically unstable conditions the slow removal of extracellular fluid by
      continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration may prove preferable to diuretic
      administration or standard forms of dialysis.

PMID- 3887906
TI  - Mechanisms of posttransplant hypertension.
AB  - Posttransplant hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular
      mortality and graft function. We performed metabolic studies in 35 hypertensive
      patients with well-maintained graft function on maintenance immunosuppressive
      drugs and in 17 normotensive control transplant recipients. The group of
      hypertensive recipients were characterized by increased peripheral plasma renin
      activity, lack of change in blood pressure in response to salt loading and
      restriction, and by increased peripheral and renal resistance. In contrast, on
      the same protocol in a group of patients with essential hypertension, blood
      pressure fell significantly on a low-salt intake. Peripheral resistance in
      hypertensive transplant recipients fell in response to saline loading, in
      contrast to the effects in normotensive transplant recipients. Hypertensive
      patients with retained native kidneys as compared to those who had these removed
      prior to transplant, but were still hypertensive, differed only with regard to
      reduced renal plasma flow in the former group. These data are consistent with a
      predominantly renin-dependent hypertension in these renal transplant recipients.
      When bilateral nephrectomy or repair of graft renal artery stenosis is being
      considered, response to captopril may offer a means of selection; acute renal
      failure on captopril suggests functionally significant renal artery stenosis.

PMID- 3887907
TI  - Renal vascular disease: pathology of large blood vessel disease.
AB  - Lesions of the extrarenal arteries which are associated with hypertension are
      described. Included are descriptions of the development, stages, and
      complications of atherosclerotic plaques; intimal fibroplasia and the medial
      fibromuscular dysplasias; Takayasu's aortitis; radiation injury; and a newly
      described arterial disease, medial agenesis. Also described is the development of
      atherosclerosis in saphenous vein bypass grafts and the effects of transluminal
      angioplasty.

PMID- 3887909
TI  - Treble jeopardy.

PMID- 3887908
TI  - An epidemiologic surveillance program for evaluating occupational reproductive
      hazards.
AB  - A noninvasive and inexpensive epidemiologic program for evaluating the possible
      effects of occupational exposures on fertility is proposed. This surveillance
      program utilizes reproductive information obtainable from a short questionnaire
      (1-2 pages in length) or directly from existing medical, employment, or insurance
      records, and results can be generated readily on a routine basis. This program
      examines the reproductive experience of the exposed workers in terms of live
      births compared with that of the US general population with the proper
      statistical adjustments. It calculates the standardized birth ratios (SBR),
      adjusting for maternal age, parity, calendar time, and race. Such an analysis
      will detect whether there is a significant decrease in fertility among a group of
      employees, and is, therefore, a useful surveillance tool. The proposed method
      should be viewed as a mechanism to provide an early signal for any potential
      hazard and to direct priority for other more in-depth epidemiologic or
      physiologic studies. The procedure is illustrated with data from individuals
      exposed to EDB, DBCP, and waste-water treatment plant processes. The method can
      be modified to compare the reproductive performance of an exposed group to that
      of an internal control group. With an internal control group, additional
      confounding factors can be taken into consideration. The relative merits of this
      approach compared to another method of fertility evaluation, semen analysis, are
      discussed.

PMID- 3887910
TI  - Stress management and mutual support groups in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Stress management and mutual support groups are employed widely in chronic
      illness, although their efficacy has not been established. To determine the
      effect of these measures on morbidity and psychologic health in rheumatoid
      arthritis, 105 patients meeting diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis were
      evaluated for depression, life satisfaction, functional disability, and
      indicators of disease activity. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three
      groups: (1) stress management; (2) mutual support; (3) no intervention (control).
      After completion of 10 weekly sessions, identical tests were performed for all
      patients in the intervention and control groups. Patients in the intervention
      groups showed greater improvement in joint tenderness than did the control
      patients but did not differ significantly from the patients in the control group
      in any of the other outcome measures.

PMID- 3887911
TI  - Group B streptococcal bacteremia in a community teaching hospital.
AB  - Group B streptococcal bacteremia outside the perinatal setting is not commonly
      emphasized. This report reviews all episodes of group B streptococcal bacteremia
      during a four and a half year period in a large community teaching hospital.
      Fourteen episodes occurred in neonates, four in parturient women, and 28 in other
      adults. Bacteremic adults were usually elderly with an average age of 68 years.
      Group B streptococcal bacteremia occurred in adults with various underlying
      diseases, including diabetes mellitus, liver disease, peripheral vascular
      disease, and hematologic disease, and in those receiving long-term steroid
      therapy. Infections causing group B streptococcal bacteremia in adults included
      decubitus ulcers, pneumonia, endocarditis, cellulitis, arthritis, osteomyelitis,
      and meningitis. Thirteen of 28 episodes of group B streptococcal bacteremia in
      adults were hospital-acquired. Overall mortality in adults was 70 percent. Group
      B streptococcal bacteremia in adults outside of the perinatal setting is
      associated with significant underlying diseases and has a high mortality.

PMID- 3887912
TI  - Smoking behavior, cessation techniques, and the health decision model.
AB  - The magnitude of the problem of smoking challenges health providers to persuade
      patients of the importance of trying to quit. Smoking behavior and cessation
      techniques are discussed in terms of the health decision model, a third
      generation model combining health beliefs, decision analysis, and behavioral
      decision theory. This review suggests the need for physicians to emphasize
      factors such as health beliefs, self-efficacy, social support, and reduction of
      stress in smoking cessation efforts. Patients experiencing symptoms, particularly
      relating to the lungs or heart, may have stronger health beliefs and are clearly
      more likely to quit smoking. In the absence of a clear-cut advantage for any
      particular smoking cessation technique, physicians should provide advice about
      smoking as a regular part of every patient visit.

PMID- 3887913
TI  - Infantile polycystic kidney disease: observations from attempts at prenatal
      diagnosis.
AB  - Three successive pregnancies of a couple at risk for infantile polycystic kidney
      disease were evaluated by sequential ultrasound examinations to attempt prenatal
      diagnosis of the disorder. The gestational age at which renal sonographic changes
      were noted varied from 20 to 34 weeks and resulted in both false-positive and
      false-negative diagnoses.

PMID- 3887914
TI  - Organizations and institutions concerned with patients with genetic disorders or
      with birth defects in the Federal Republic of Germany.

PMID- 3887915
TI  - Multiple congenital anomalies, mental retardation and hypogonadotropic
      hypogonadism in a boy with small marker chromosomes.
AB  - We report on a mentally retarded boy with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. He also
      had a hypoplastic right kidney and right vesicoureteral reflux, blunted calyses
      of the left kidney, spina bifida occulta, stiff metacarpophalangeal joints, and
      cataract of the left eye. Chromosome studies showed two marker chromosomes, the
      larger of which appeared to be a ring chromosome varying greatly in size, while
      the smaller one remained constant in size. Chromosome abnormalities may be
      associated with several forms of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

PMID- 3887916
TI  - Discordant amniotic band sequence in monozygotic twins.
AB  - Multiple congenital anomalies were identified at 16 weeks gestation in one fetus
      of an unsuspected twin pregnancy while ultrasound examination was performed
      before routine genetic amniocentesis. Further sonographic studies documented the
      amniotic band sequence (ABS) and transient oligohydramnios in the affected fetus.
      The latter finding supports the theory of amnion rupture followed by amniotic
      fluid leakage through an ineffective chorion barrier as the pathogenesis of
      compression related anomalies in this syndrome. Extensive craniofacial
      involvement including hydrocephalus, encephalocele, and multiple facial clefts in
      the affected fetus, combined with an erroneous ultrasound diagnosis of ABS in the
      unaffected twin, created an extremely difficult management and counseling
      situation. A review of ABS, the embryology of placental membrane development, and
      a discussion of selective termination procedures are presented.

PMID- 3887917
TI  - Introduction to P.E. Becker's living history--biography.

PMID- 3887918
TI  - Living history biography: Peter Emil Becker.

PMID- 3887919
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of persistent common cloaca with prune belly and anencephaly
      in the second trimester.
AB  - We report the prenatal diagnosis of a fetus with persistent cloaca, prune belly
      sequence, and anencephaly. This fetus resembles the recently reported patient
      with prune belly and anencephaly. A syndromic diagnosis was not possible in
      either case, but the likelihood of a chance association also has to be regarded
      as low.

PMID- 3887920
TI  - Abnormally thin glomerular basement membranes associated with hematuria,
      proteinuria or renal failure in adults.
AB  - Clinical and pathologic findings are described in 14 patients whose main
      abnormality was an excessively thin glomerular basement membrane (GBM). The
      subjects were aged 11-51 years, the majority males: most were referred because of
      hematuria, but proteinuria was the main problem in 2, while hypertension or renal
      functional impairment was found in several, and 1 was in end-stage renal failure.
      A history of apparently similar renal symptoms was obtained in another 3 family
      members. In addition to GBM abnormalities, renal biopsy features included a
      slight mesangial matrix increase, occasional mesangial cell excess and often
      appreciable pedicel effacement. There were scanty electron-dense deposits. The
      mean thickness of the GBM varied from 206 to 301 nm, whereas in IgA nephropathy
      patients used as controls it was 356-464 nm. It is concluded that some of the
      lesions in adults are 'benign', and some progressive. 'Thin membrane nephropathy'
      is comparatively common among patients seen by the authors, and it is suggested
      that awareness of this condition will result more often in its recognition.

PMID- 3887921
TI  - IgA mesangial nephropathy: Berger's disease.

PMID- 3887922
TI  - End-stage renal disease in Michigan. Incidence, underlying causes, prevalence,
      and modalities of treatment.
AB  - In Michigan from 1974 through 1981 the average annual end-stage renal disease
      (ESRD) incidence was 7.76 for males and 5.55 for females per 100,000 population.
      Those over 35 years of age had higher incidence rates. The average incidence for
      black ESRD patients was 20.75, compared with 4.78 for white ESRD patients. Thus,
      the risk of ESRD was 4.34 times higher in the black population. In 1981, the
      stated causes of ESRD in the ESRD population were diabetes mellitus (24.5%),
      hypertension (24.2%), and glomerulonephritis (20.9%). Black ESRD patients,
      compared to white, had relative risks of 3.8 for diabetes mellitus, 10.9 for
      hypertension, and 1.7 for glomerulonephritis. The ESRD point prevalence increased
      from 11.58 in 1974 to 31.68 in 1981. Males predominated over females; the sex
      specific ESRD prevalence in 1981 being 36.74 and 26.83, respectively. Blacks
      predominated over whites; the black and white ESRD prevalences in 1981 were 80.27
      and 24.81, respectively. Prevalence over these years increased faster for older
      age groups. Hemodialysis at a center has been the major ESRD treatment modality.
      The percentage of all ESRD patients on home hemodialysis steadily decreased from
      1974 through 1981. Similarly, on a percentage basis, fewer patients were
      transplanted in 1981 than in 1974. The number of ESRD patients treated by chronic
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis increased more than sevenfold from 1979 through
      1981.

PMID- 3887923
TI  - Effect of haemodialysis on the control of the circulation in patients with
      chronic renal failure.
AB  - The mechanisms of hypotension during haemodialysis were investigated by studying
      cardiovascular reflexes, body fluid volumes, and osmolality in 11 patients with
      renal failure before and after haemodialysis and in 17 normal subjects before and
      after furosemide diuresis. Blood pressure and heart rate responses to tests of
      autonomic nervous function were unaffected in either group except that in the
      patients, head-up tilt after haemodialysis caused a fall in blood pressure. This
      was associated with a greater fall in cardiac output than before haemodialysis
      but with a similar rise in peripheral vascular resistance. Resting plasma
      noradrenaline levels were higher than normal, and the rise in plasma
      noradrenaline levels in response to tilt was unaffected by haemodialysis. Plasma
      renin activity rose in response to head-up tilt in normal subjects, but not in
      patients either before or after haemodialysis. Our studies indicate that changes
      in plasma potassium and osmolality or the possible peripheral circulatory effects
      of acetate do not impair the regulation of the circulation in response to
      haemodialysis. Haemodialysis does not reduce plasma noradrenaline levels.
      Impaired myocardial function in response to fluid depletion or unresponsiveness
      of the renin-angiotensin system may contribute to haemodialysis hypotension.

PMID- 3887924
TI  - Value of a postvoid scan during adnexal sonography.
AB  - The position of the uterus and ovaries can be affected by the degree of bladder
      filling. A postvoid scan may bring into view ovarian pathologic conditions not
      previously discerned.

PMID- 3887925
TI  - Use of ultrasound in antenatal diagnosis of large-for-gestational age infants in
      diabetic gravid patients.
AB  - Near-term ultrasonograms of 44 diabetic gravid patients and 47 nondiabetic gravid
      patients were retrospectively analyzed. The mean values of abdominal diameter to
      femur length ratios and abdominal diameter to biparietal diameter ratios in
      diabetic gravid patients with large-for-gestational age fetuses were
      significantly different from those values in diabetic patients with appropriate
      for-gestational age fetuses and in nondiabetic patients. Glycosylated hemoglobin
      values were above 7.4% (mean +/- 2 SD) in 79% of diabetic patients with large-for
      gestational age infants and abdominal diameter to femur length ratio exceeding
      1.385. Glycosylated hemoglobin values were less than or equal to 7.4% in 69% of
      diabetic gravid patients with appropriate-for-gestational age fetuses and
      abdominal diameter to femur length ratio less than 1.385. These findings suggest
      that large-for-gestational age infants have a different growth characteristic
      with a disproportionate enlargement of the abdomen. This possibly results from a
      long period of elevated levels of maternal plasma glucose (as shown by elevated
      values of glycosylated hemoglobin).

PMID- 3887926
TI  - A comparison of sonographic estimation of fetal weight and obstetrically
      determined gestational age in the prediction of neonatal outcome for the very low
      birth weight fetus.
AB  - A comparison of sonographic estimation of fetal weight and obstetrically
      determined gestational age in the prediction of neonatal outcome for the very low
      birth weight fetus was conducted in a study population of 122 fetuses. With
      stepwise logistic regression, obstetric gestational age was found to be the best
      predictor of neonatal death, while sonographic estimated fetal weight did not add
      significantly to this prediction. However, both variables were important in the
      prediction of adverse neonatal outcome (neonatal death together with major
      neonatal complications of prematurity.

PMID- 3887927
TI  - The amniotic band syndrome: antenatal sonographic diagnosis and potential
      pitfalls.
AB  - Amniotic band syndrome causes a variety of fetal malformations involving the
      limbs, craniofacial region, and trunk. Six prenatally diagnosed cases of amniotic
      band syndrome are discussed. The diagnosis was based on sonographic visualization
      of either amniotic sheets or bands associated with fetal deformation or
      deformities in nonembryologic distributions known to characterize the amniotic
      band syndrome. Seven additional cases are considered in which an aberrant sheet
      of tissue with a free edge was visualized within the amniotic cavity but no
      restriction of fetal motion or subsequent deformity was demonstrated.

PMID- 3887928
TI  - The Canadian collar: a new cervical spine orthosis.
AB  - We developed a cervical collar (the Canadian collar) in response to the
      requirements of occupational therapists who manage arthritis patients. This
      orthosis overcomes the problems of heat and inadequate support common to many
      soft collars. The collar is constructed from nylon and polyvinyl chloride tubing,
      clipped together by nylon junctions, and from chin and breastplate supports of
      molded nylon rod. Preliminary clinical trials have been conducted on 20 patients,
      15 of whom had arthritis. An additional 60 patients with various disabilities
      have been fitted. The collar has been readily accepted by patients, therapists,
      orthotists, and physicians.

PMID- 3887929
TI  - The prevalence and the etiology of the initial dummy- and finger-sucking habit.
AB  - The prevalence of dummy- and finger-sucking habits, or malocclusions of the type
      that may be associated with sucking habits, was examined in three different
      groups: Group A--415 small children from Mnene, Zimbabwe; group B--20 skulls from
      the Schreiner Collections, Anatomical Institute, Oslo, exhibiting intact
      deciduous dentitions. The skulls are mainly from the period A.D. 1000 to 1500 and
      were found in Scandinavia. Group C consisted of 280 young Swedish children. The
      study indicates that dummy- and finger-sucking habits occur infrequently among
      the African children other than as a symptom of a disturbance in the normal
      feeding and/or care in other respects. The investigation of the medieval skull
      material supports a similar situation among these Scandinavian children. In
      Sweden most infants are dummy- or finger-suckers. The authors introduce an
      explanation for the development of the initial sucking habits.

PMID- 3887930
TI  - T. M. Graber--communicator, educator, researcher.

PMID- 3887931
TI  - Strain variation of bacillus Calmette-Guerin-induced pulmonary granuloma
      formation is correlated with anergy and the local production of migration
      inhibition factor and interleukin 1.
AB  - Pulmonary granulomatous inflammation was induced by the intratracheal injection
      of viable bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) into genetically high granuloma
      responder (C57BL/6J and BALB/c) and low responder (CBA/J) mice with and without
      immunization by methylated bovine serum albumin in complete Freund's adjuvant.
      Significant migration inhibition factor (MIF) and interleukin 1 (IL 1) activities
      were detected in aqueous lung granuloma extracts prepared from high responder
      mice bearing BCG-induced granulomatous inflammation. Interleukin 2 activity was
      not detected. Very low MIF and IL 1 activities were detected in extracts from low
      responder mice. Furthermore, high responder, but not low responder, mice showed
      marked suppression of in vivo and in vitro manifestations of cell-mediated
      immunity to both specific and nonspecific antigens. In contrast, humoral antibody
      response was not affected significantly. The kinetics of anergy in granuloma
      bearing mice correlated closely with the appearance of MIF and IL 1 activities in
      the lesions. Thus, genetically determined granuloma response to BCG and the
      expression of anergy in various strains of mice were well associated with in vivo
      release of MIF and IL 1. These results indicate that the genetic ability or
      inability to mount a granulomatous inflammatory response to BCG may extend to the
      capacity of cells within the lesions to generate soluble mediator(s) which is
      also responsible for anergy in granuloma-bearing mice.

PMID- 3887932
TI  - Leu-M1--a marker for Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's disease. An
      immunoperoxidase study of paraffin-embedded tissues.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody to Leu-M1, a granulocyte-related differentiation antigen,
      represents a highly effective reagent for detection of diagnostic Reed-Sternberg
      (R-S) cells and variants in paraffin-embedded tissues of Hodgkin's disease. In 69
      of 73 cases of Hodgkin's disease (41 nodular sclerosis, 25 mixed cellularity, 4
      lymphocyte predominance, and 3 lymphocyte depletion types), R-S cells were
      strongly immunoreactive for Leu-M1. Four cases of lymphocyte predominance
      Hodgkin's disease (nodular) were uniformly nonreactive for Leu-M1. In most of the
      positive cases (57/69, 83%), the majority (60-90%) of R-S cells and variants
      exhibited immunoreactivity for Leu-M1. A characteristic staining pattern included
      granular and/or vesicular cytoplasmic immunoreactivity, often with a prominent
      globular paranuclear reaction product, and membrane staining with highly
      irregular cytoplasmic borders. Evaluation of B-cell (37 specimens), T-cell (20
      specimens), and true histiocytic (3 specimens) neoplasms and a case of
      mastocytosis revealed immunoreactivity for Leu-M1 only in 1 B-cell and 4 T-cell
      malignancies. The staining patterns in these cases, however, clearly differed
      from that observed for R-S cells. Studies of nonneoplastic lymphoid tissues (38
      total) demonstrated that lymphoid cells were typically nonreactive; histiocytes
      revealed variable reactivity for Leu-M1. Occasional histiocytes of the sinusoidal
      network of lymph nodes, particularly in toxoplasmic lymphadenitis, exhibited a
      staining pattern (membranous/cytoplasmic/paranuclear) similar to that observed
      for R-S cells. Leu-M1 represents a potentially helpful diagnostic discriminant in
      the assessment of Hodgkin's disease and its distinction from non-Hodgkin's
      lymphomas and other lymphoid proliferations.

PMID- 3887933
TI  - Charge-related deposition of immune complexes in the glomerular basement membrane
      is independent of Fc effector function.
AB  - Differently charged immune complexes composed of fragments of bovine gamma
      globulin (BGG) antigen and fragments of rabbit anti-BGG antibody lacking FC
      portions were used for a study of the role of charge in deposition and
      localization within the mouse glomerulus. Preformed soluble complexes were made
      from native heterogeneous, cationic, or anionic F(ab')2 fragments of BGG and of
      rabbit antibody to BGG, and were injected intravenously. The distribution in the
      kidney was studied by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Cationic but
      not anionic or heterogeneous complexes diffusely localized in the glomerular
      basement membrane in both subepithelial and subendothelial sites. In contrast,
      more neutral or anionic complexes localized less prominently and were limited to
      the mesangium. The findings suggest that electrostatic interactions independent
      of Fc effector functions of immunoglobulins can be responsible for glomerular
      immune complex localization.

PMID- 3887934
TI  - Gait analysis in amputees.
AB  - There are marked differences from normal in both AK and BK gait. Forward velocity
      of walking is significantly lower in the amputee and is lower in the AK than in
      the BK subjects. Traumatic AK amputees ambulate with time-distance parameters of
      velocity, cadence, stride length and gait cycle which are all two standard
      deviations below normal. The same parameters for the traumatic BK amputee are
      only one standard deviation below normal. The symmetry of walking seen in the
      normal subject is not present in the lower extremity amputee. Measurements of
      single limb support times and motion analysis of the lower extremities as well as
      of the head, arms and trunk bear this out. This asymmetry of motion increases the
      excursion of the center of mass during each cycle and thereby increases the
      energy cost of ambulation. Energy cost of amputee gait often places the
      dysvascular AK amputee at his limits and strains other amputees severely. Further
      research is necessary to enable amputees to approach the walking capabilities of
      normal people.

PMID- 3887935
TI  - Deciduous enamel defects in prehistoric Americans from Dickson Mounds: prenatal
      and postnatal stress.
AB  - The month of onset, duration, and incidence of dental enamel hypoplasia and
      hypocalcification was determined in sub-adults from the Dickson Mounds (Illinois)
      skeletal series (A.D. 950-1300). The onset of enamel defects occurred
      predominantly during the intrauterine period, suggesting maternal stress. There
      are marked differences in survivorship and the duration of enamel disruption in
      those affected prenatally and postnatally. The relationship between these data
      and studies of adult dentition is examined.

PMID- 3887936
TI  - Porotic hyperostosis: representative of a childhood condition.
AB  - Porotic hyperostosis is currently considered to be one of several stress markers
      available for assessing the health and nutritional status of past human
      populations. The present study questions one of the basic assumptions underlying
      its use; that is, that the occurrence of porotic hyperostosis in an individual
      represents an episode of anemia that was current or had occurred within a
      relatively short period prior to death. A synthesis of data from a Romano-British
      site Poundbury Camp, anthropological and clinical studies, and information on
      bone physiology suggests that lesions of porotic hyperostosis seen in adults are
      most probably representative of a childhood episode of anemia. Lesions seen in
      adults are the result of bone changes occurring in the growth period that have
      not undergone complete remodelling. This viewpoint has implications for future
      interpretation of data on porotic hyperostosis obtained from skeletal
      collections.

PMID- 3887937
TI  - Cranial variation in the terminal Late Archaic of Ohio.
AB  - Cranial and mandibular discrete traits and cranial metric traits were collected
      from 99-125 individuals in eight terminal Late Archaic sites. The analysis of ten
      metric traits in six samples showed that the samples shared the same generalized
      variance and that sexual dimorphism in the means of the metric traits was greater
      than inter-site differences. Since these samples share the same size and shape
      expression of a complex set of polygenic traits, we hypothesize a historical
      relationship among these samples. Discrete trait analysis showed a pattern of
      differentiation among the eight samples. This pattern of differentiation is
      related directly to the geographical separation between samples, and, as with
      metric traits, cultural differences do not contribute to the pattern of
      biological differences. The overall pattern of osteological variation in these
      samples can be summarized parsimoniously by paraphrasing the first law of
      geography: All of the terminal Late Archaic populations of Ohio were related to
      each other, but closer ones were more related than distant ones.

PMID- 3887938
TI  - Abnormal oral glucose tolerance in genetically obese (fa/fa) rats.
AB  - The effect of intravenous glucose or tolbutamide administration on plasma glucose
      and insulin levels was compared with that following spontaneous ingestion of
      glucose in freely moving 6- to 7-wk- and 13- to 14-wk-old lean and obese (fa/fa)
      rats. Irrespective of age, the obese rats had a normal blood glucose tolerance
      when glucose or tolbutamide load was given intravenously, whereas the glucose
      ingestion [oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) caused a marked glucose intolerance
      that became more pronounced with the duration of the syndrome. This suggests that
      factors other than insulin resistance could play a role in the occurrence of
      abnormal OGTT in obese rats. When blood insulin levels were expressed as percent
      change over base line and when compared with age-matched normal rats, the 6- to 7
      wk obese rats showed a normal and even higher beta-cell responsiveness to
      intravenous or oral glucose as well as to tolbutamide. In contrast, the 13- to 14
      wk obese rats presented a decreased beta-cell responsiveness to all such stimuli.
      Thus the beta-cell function of obese rats worsens with time. Inasmuch as 13- to
      14-wk-old obese fa/fa rats have insulin resistance, high basal glycemia, and
      abnormal oral glucose tolerance, they can be viewed as a potential model of type
      II diabetes.

PMID- 3887939
TI  - Perturbation of insulin oscillations by nerve blockade in the in vitro canine
      pancreas.
AB  - The in vitro canine pancreas produces an oscillatory pattern of insulin secretion
      during a constant glucose concentration despite the lack of external nervous
      modulation or recirculating hormone feedback. The normal period of insulin
      fluctuations (7.4 +/- 0.34 min) is unaffected by combined adrenergic and
      cholinergic blockade by 5 microM atropine, 4 microM propranolol, and 4 microM
      phentolamine (8.0 +/- 0.31 min, P less than 0.20). To test the theory that the
      coordination of islet secretion may be controlled by an intrapancreatic nervous
      system (nonadrenergic, noncholinergic), nerve blockade was attempted by the
      infusion of tetrodotoxin (TTX) on a background of combined autonomic blockade.
      TTX infusion resulted in a change in the oscillatory pattern of insulin release
      by increasing net insulin release and shifting the period of oscillation to 4.5
      +/- 0.29 min (P less than 0.0005) at both 88 and 200 mg/dl glucose. These results
      suggest that an intrinsic autonomously functioning pancreatic nervous system is
      responsible for the coordination of islet secretion and the production of
      periodic fluctuations of insulin secretion.

PMID- 3887940
TI  - Role of intrapancreatic ganglia in regulation of periodic insular secretions.
AB  - The regulatory system responsible for insulin oscillations from the in vitro
      pancreas is unknown. To test the hypothesis that intrapancreatic ganglia are the
      pacemaker or driver of the oscillations, combined nicotinic, muscarinic, and
      adrenergic antagonists were infused. Combined muscarinic, alpha- and beta
      adrenergic, and presynaptic nicotinic receptor blockade (beta-bungarotoxin) was
      without effect on oscillations. The infusion of the postsynaptic nicotinic
      receptor antagonists, hexamethonium, alpha-bungarotoxin (ATX), or curarine,
      significantly altered the preinfusion oscillatory pattern of insulin release by
      reducing the period. Nicotine-stimulated insulin release was inhibited by ATX on
      a background of atropine, phentolamine, and beta-bungarotoxin. Propranolol
      decreased nicotine-stimulated insulin release, which was further reduced by ATX.
      These data support the theory that nicotinic receptors may be present pre- and
      postsynaptically at the ganglionic level and presynaptically on sympathetic nerve
      axons. We propose that ganglionic nicotinic receptors may be regulatory and that
      ganglia may serve as the pacemaker to regulate pancreatic hormone oscillations.

PMID- 3887941
TI  - Muscle alpha-aminoisobutyric acid transport after exercise: enhanced stimulation
      by insulin.
AB  - After exercise the ability of insulin to stimulate glucose transport and glycogen
      synthesis in rat skeletal muscle is markedly enhanced (25). The present study was
      designed to determine whether prior exercise augments the stimulation of other
      processes by insulin and, if so, whether this can be attributed to an increase in
      insulin binding to its receptor. Toward this end rats were run on a treadmill for
      45 min at moderate intensity and the uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB)
      by muscle was then assessed using the isolated perfused hindquarter preparation.
      Approximately 30 min after the cessation of exercise, both the sensitivity and
      responsiveness of insulin-stimulated AIB uptake were significantly enhanced in
      the soleus and the red portion of the gastrocnemius. As previously shown for
      glucose transport and glycogen synthesis, only small effects were observed in the
      white portion of the gastrocnemius, which unlike the other muscles was not
      depleted of glycogen during the run. Insulin-stimulated glucose utilization was
      also enhanced in the incubated soleus muscle of exercised rats; however, insulin
      binding to the soleus was not altered. These studies indicate that the ability of
      insulin to stimulate processes other than glucose transport and glycogen
      synthesis is enhanced in skeletal muscle after exercise and that this is not due
      to an alteration in insulin binding. The changes in insulin-stimulated AIB uptake
      and glucose metabolism after exercise are the reverse of those found in
      denervated and immobilized muscle and in both situations insulin binding is not
      altered. This suggests that a common factor(s) modulates the increase in insulin
      effect after exercise and the insulin resistance of disuse.

PMID- 3887942
TI  - Heterogeneity of insulin action in individual muscles in vivo: euglycemic clamp
      studies in rats.
AB  - The euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique in conscious unrestrained rats
      was used to examine the effect of insulin on glucose metabolism in metabolically
      distinct skeletal muscle in vivo. Tissue glucose metabolic rate (R'g) was
      estimated using 2-[3H]-deoxyglucose, and glucose disposal was examined by
      measuring glycogen content and [14C]glucose incorporation into glycogen in four
      different muscles. Insulin sensitivity varied among different muscle types in
      that the insulin concentration required for half-maximal stimulation of R'g was
      80, 150, 280, and 320 mU/1 for soleus (SOL), red gastrocnemius (RG), white
      gastrocnemius (WG), and extensor digitorum longus, respectively. There were
      similar relative differences in the maximal effect of insulin on R'g in these
      muscles. Maximal insulin stimulation almost doubled muscle glycogen content in RG
      and SOL, whereas there was no change in WG. The relationship between R'g and
      glycogen synthesis indicated that increased glucose uptake resulted predominantly
      in glycogen storage. There was an excellent relationship between maximal R'g and
      blood flow in different muscles. We conclude that there is marked heterogeneity
      in insulin sensitivity and responsiveness among muscles of different fiber
      composition. Insulin-induced increases in total peripheral glucose disposal occur
      predominantly in muscles containing a high proportion of oxidative fibers.
      Therefore the relative proportion of oxidative to glycolytic muscle fibers may be
      important factors in determining whole body insulin sensitivity.

PMID- 3887943
TI  - Muscle glucose metabolism in exercising rats: comparison with insulin
      stimulation.
AB  - We describe here a technique using bolus 2-[3H]deoxyglucose (2-[3H]DG)
      administration for estimating the glucose metabolic rate (R'g) in individual
      tissues of the rat during exercise. After 50 min of treadmill running at a
      moderate work load various tissues were analyzed for accumulation of
      phosphorylated 2-[3H]DG and/or glycogen mass. There was considerable
      heterogeneity in R'g in response to exercise among different muscles, despite
      similar basal values. R'g increased 32-fold above basal in soleus (to 90.4 +/-
      5.7 mumol X 100 g-1 X min-1), 42-fold in red gastrocnemius (to 71.2 +/- 1.6), 5
      fold in white gastrocnemius (to 7.0 +/- 0.8), and 2-fold in extensor digitorum
      longus (to 4.1 +/- 1.0) during exercise. There was a close relationship between
      muscle glycogen depletion and R'g within different muscles. In view of the
      magnitude of the increase in R'g during exercise, this method provides a very
      sensitive index of muscle fiber recruitment during exercise. The pattern of
      exercise-stimulated R'g in muscles of different fiber composition was similar to
      that seen with insulin stimulation. However, moderate exercise alone produced
      increments in R'g (soleus and red gastrocnemius) that were significantly higher
      (P less than 0.005) than that observed during maximal insulin stimulation even
      though whole body glucose utilization was slightly higher during maximal insulin
      stimulation. These data emphasize the heterogeneity of the response in different
      muscles during exercise and suggest that intracellular events beyond glucose
      transport may be rate limiting under the influence of one or both of these
      stimuli.

PMID- 3887944
TI  - Effect of thyroid hormone excess on action, secretion, and metabolism of insulin
      in humans.
AB  - To determine the effect of thyroid hormone excess on insulin secretion,
      metabolism and action in humans, we examined intravenous glucose tolerance,
      glucose-induced insulin secretion, insulin clearance, monocyte insulin receptor
      binding, and the dose-response characteristics for the effects of insulin on
      glucose production, uptake, oxidation, and nonoxidative disposal in 10 normal
      volunteers for 14 days before and after oral administration of triiodothyronine
      (T3) in doses that increased plasma T3 to levels observed in spontaneous
      thyrotoxicosis (P less than 0.001). After T3 postabsorptive plasma glucose (P
      less than 0.05) and insulin (P less than 0.05) both increased; intravenous
      glucose tolerance was unaffected, but plasma insulin responses were increased (P
      less than 0.01); basal glucose production, uptake, and oxidation all increased
      (all P less than 0.05), whereas nonoxidative glucose disposal was unaffected (P =
      NS); monocyte insulin receptor binding increased (P less than 0.01) due to
      increased receptor affinity (P less than 0.05); and receptor number was not
      significantly altered (P = NS). Insulin clearance was increased. Insulin-induced
      suppression of glucose production was impaired (Km 22 +/- 3 vs. 37 +/- 7
      microU/ml, P less than 0.02); maximal insulin-induced glucose uptake (10.7 +/-
      0.6 vs. 13.0 +/- 0.9 mg X kg-1 X min-1, P less than 0.001) and oxidation (3.41 +/
      0.30 vs. 5.34 +/- 0.59 mg X kg-1 X min-1, P less than 0.001) were increased
      without a significant change in Km. However, submaximal rates of nonoxidative
      glucose disposal and glucose uptake were inappropriately low for the increased
      insulin receptor binding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3887945
TI  - Motility of the small intestine: a look ahead.
AB  - Motility of the gastrointestinal tract has become an important discipline of
      gastroenterology. In this paper we review important observations made during the
      early development of this discipline, note the current level of knowledge, and
      look ahead to some of the questions we believe will be addressed in the near
      future. Is the slow wave the action potential equivalent of the longitudinal
      muscle layer? How does the migrating action potential complex interrelate with
      the migrating myoelectric complex--are they two separate complexes under
      different control mechanisms? How do the myenteric plexus neurons relate to these
      complexes? Does the muscularis mucosa control the contraction and relaxation of
      the villous tips? Is there a finite area in the small intestine that can function
      as the pacemaker? How important are substances within the lumen in controlling
      motility? Finally, we emphasize the importance of structure and function of the
      plexus neurons in motility studies. We also stress the importance of
      collaboration and a multidisciplinary approach for future understanding of the
      mechanisms of the small intestine in health and disease.

PMID- 3887946
TI  - Tubular transport responses to angiotensin.
AB  - Angiotensin II (ANG II) is a powerful effector agent in the regulation of
      extracellular volume and exerts an important influence on renal sodium excretion.
      In addition to its effects on aldosterone secretion, ANG II acts directly on the
      kidney causing retention of sodium at low (physiological) doses and enhanced
      sodium excretion at high doses. The mechanism for these responses involves
      vasoconstrictor actions of ANG II on the renal vasculature and a direct action of
      the peptide on tubular reabsorption. Micropuncture and microperfusion studies
      have demonstrated that proximal tubular sodium and water transport are stimulated
      by physiological concentrations (10(-12) to 10(-10) M) of ANG II on the
      peritubular side, whereas higher doses (10(-7) M) cause inhibition. A luminal
      site of action in the proximal tubule has also been reported and additional more
      distal sites are indicated. [125I]ANG II binding sites on the brush border and
      basolateral membranes of proximal tubule cells have high affinity (Kd in the
      nanomolar range) for ANG II and lower affinity for ANG III. The biphasic action
      of ANG II is exerted directly on the epithelial cells and appears to be
      electroneutral. The data indicate that ANG II binds to receptors on the
      basolateral cell membrane and alters the rate of entry of sodium through the
      luminal membrane to increase or decrease, depending on the concentration of
      peptide. Several possible cellular mechanisms that could mediate these responses
      are discussed.

PMID- 3887947
TI  - Renin-angiotensin mechanisms in oral contraceptive hypertension in conscious
      rats.
AB  - Rats were placed on powdered chow containing either no additives (controls),
      mestranol (a synthetic estrogen), norethynodrel (a synthetic progestin), or both
      mestranol and norethynodrel. After 6 mo on these diets, catheters were placed in
      the carotid artery and jugular vein of each rat. An arterial blood sample was
      obtained for plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma renin concentration (PRC), and
      plasma renin substrate concentration (PRS). Mean arterial pressure was measured
      in each rat. The angiotensin II (ANG II) antagonist, [Sar1-Ile8]ANG II, was
      infused intravenously for 30 min while blood pressure was recorded. Rats treated
      with mestranol and/or norethynodrel had PRA and PRC values that were not
      different from the control rats; however, mestranol-treated rats and rats treated
      with mestranol plus norethynodrel had PRS values that were substantially (P less
      than 0.01) higher than the controls. Arterial pressures in rats treated with
      mestranol and with mestranol plus norethynodrel were significantly (P less than
      0.01) elevated when compared with the controls and with the rats treated with
      norethynodrel alone. Infusion of the ANG II antagonist failed to alter arterial
      pressure in any of the groups of rats. These results indicated that, in the
      steroid combination found in the oral contraceptive Enovid, it is the estrogenic
      component that results in hypertension in this rat model. Also this study found
      no evidence that ANG II plays a role in maintaining the elevated arterial
      pressure following long-term treatment with mestranol in rats.

PMID- 3887948
TI  - Oxygen transport in invertebrates.
AB  - The distribution of the O2 carrying proteins suggests that the original transport
      system was a hemoglobin similar to the alpha-chain of hemoglobin A and packaged
      in a nucleated red blood cell. These molecules, which occur in large open fluid
      compartments, function as O2 stores for regular periods of hypoxia as well as
      carriers between sites of gas exchange. When the closed circulatory system first
      arose, the red blood cell was abandoned in favor of extracellular heme proteins,
      and the O2 storage function became less important. Alternative O2 carriers,
      hemerythrins, appear in the blood at about the same phylogenetic level as the
      intracellular hemoglobins, and their respiratory functions appear to be similar.
      The presence of hemoglobins instead of hemerythrins in the vertebrates may be an
      evolutionary accident. Still other O2 carriers, hemocyanins, arose separately in
      two specialized groups that left no descendants. Their O2 binding has all the
      adaptive features of vertebrate hemoglobin O2 binding, with unique features also.
      The respiratory function of the hemocyanins is largely limited to O2 transport,
      which makes a far greater contribution to aerobic metabolism than the O2 carriers
      found in simpler systems.

PMID- 3887949
TI  - Central effects of angiotensin II and dopamine in sodium-depleted sheep.
AB  - The effects of intracerebroventricular (IVT) infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II),
      the converting enzyme inhibitor SQ 20881, and dopamine were studied in 15
      conscious Na-depleted sheep. IVT ANG II (25 ng/min) significantly increased
      plasma aldosterone (163 +/- 24%) and vasopressin (ADH) (533 +/- 100%). Plasma
      renin activity (PRA) was decreased to 64 +/- 10% of basal. IVT SQ (1
      microgram/min) decreased aldosterone to 70 +/- 10% and ADH to 55 +/- 9% of basal.
      PRA increased to 124 +/- 10%. There were no significant changes in plasma Na, K,
      or cortisol levels nor in mean arterial or intracranial pressure after either
      infusion. Increasing the dose of SQ to 10 micrograms/min resulted in an increased
      magnitude of change in the same variables. IVT SQ (1 microgram/min) significantly
      decreased aldosterone level in five nephrectomized sheep. The responses to IVT
      dopamine (20 micrograms/min) were qualitatively similar to those elicited by IVT
      SQ. These data support the existence of an endogenous brain renin-angiotensin
      system (RAS) independent of the renal RAS. ANG II acts centrally to regulate
      plasma ADH, aldosterone, and PRA levels. The similarity of the responses to SQ
      and dopamine suggests that a dopaminergic pathway may be involved in these
      responses.

PMID- 3887950
TI  - Acute and chronic gastrin-releasing peptide decreases food intake in baboons.
AB  - Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is a peptide structurally related to bombesin
      that appears to be localized to the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. This study
      examined the ability of GRP, when administered on either an acute or chronic
      basis, to suppress food intake in baboons. When administered at 8 micrograms/kg
      iv before a morning meal, GRP significantly suppressed both food intake and the
      postprandial rise of plasma glucose and insulin. GRP at doses of 1, 2, 4, and 8
      micrograms/kg stimulated basal insulin secretion. Chronic administration of GRP
      (q.o.d. for 11 days) at a low dose before the A.M. meal resulted in suppression
      of the A.M. meal and an initial suppression of total food intake, which recovered
      before the end of the treatment period. In conclusion, GRP appears to be
      effective in acute suppression of food intake and stimulation of basal insulin
      secretion in the nonhuman primate.

PMID- 3887951
TI  - Mechanism of inhibition of renin secretion by increased left atrial pressure.
AB  - Experiments were designed to elucidate the mechanism of the failure of systemic
      hypotension to stimulate renin release in the presence of elevated left heart
      pressure. We conducted a series of graded ascending aortic and suprarenal cuff
      inflations in dogs with bilateral renal denervation (n = 5). The renal perfusion
      pressure (RPP) was reduced by 10, 20, and 30% of control by inflation of either
      cuff. Comparison of the renin response with inflation of the ascending aortic to
      the suprarenal cuff revealed a clear increase in the threshold required to elicit
      a renin response to graded reduction of RPP after inflation of the ascending
      aortic cuff. These results may be explained by differential effects of the two
      maneuvers on left heart pressure. Left atrial pressure increased during inflation
      of the ascending aortic cuff but did not change during inflation of the
      suprarenal cuff. Since the kidneys were denervated, the shift in threshold must
      be caused by a humoral substance(s). In conclusion, our findings suggest that the
      efferent pathway of potent inhibition of renin release from the left heart is
      mediated, at least partially, by a humoral substance.

PMID- 3887952
TI  - Characteristics and bioefficacy of monoclonal antigonadotropin releasing hormone
      antibody.
AB  - Mouse hybrid cell clones secreting antigonadotropin releasing hormone monoclonal
      antibody were developed by fusion of SP2/O-Ag 1.4 myeloma cells with splenocytes
      of mouse immunized with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) tagged to tetanus
      toxoid. The product of hybrid cell clones obtained as ascites fluid from mouse
      peritoneal cavity had a titre of 10(6) (30-40% binding of 125I-GnRH) in
      radioimmunoassay. The antibody was IgG2a and Kappa. The association constant (Ka)
      of the product of hybrid cell clone P(8)16(62) for binding with GnRH was 1.2 X
      10(9) L/mole. The monoclonal antibody (P(8)16(62)) was highly specific for the
      native GnRH and devoid of reactivity with thyroid releasing hormone as tested in
      competitive radioimmunoassay. The recognition for GnRH agonists by monoclonal was
      387-fold less with D-Ser (But)6 des Gly10 GnRH ethylamide and 608-fold less with
      Bz1-His6 GnRH. Monoclonal anti-GnRH antibody was competent to neutralize the in
      vivo bioactivity of the hormone as evident by the block of estrus cycle and
      termination of pregnancy in mice. Termination of pregnancy in animals receiving
      anti-GnRH monoclonal could be prevented by administration of progesterone.

PMID- 3887953
TI  - Detection of sperm antibodies in semen using the immunobead test: a survey of 813
      consecutive patients.
AB  - The aims of this investigation were to determine the incidence of sperm-bound
      antibodies in an unselected infertile population and also to further evaluate the
      immunobead test (IBT) with respect to specificity and reproducibility. The
      results of the survey showed that 7.8% of 813 men had antibodies of IgG and/or
      IgA class bound to the surface of at least 20% of their motile spermatozoa. The
      results of crossed-inhibition tests with purified human immunoglobulins and
      comparison of the IBT results with the sperm-immobilization test (SIT) in serum
      and sperm agglutination in semen suggested that the IBT is an immunologically
      specific test for sperm antibodies. Comparison of repeat tests on 123 patients
      showed that the IBT is reproducible in 97.5% of cases. There was no difference in
      mean count, percentage motile, or morphology between the groups of patients with
      positive or negative IBT results. The incidence of sperm agglutination was
      significantly (Chi-squared, p less than 0.001) higher in the positive IBT group.
      The results of this investigation therefore suggest that the IBT is an excellent
      test for routine screening of men for sperm antibodies.

PMID- 3887954
TI  - K. Alvin Merendino: his contribution to surgery.

PMID- 3887955
TI  - Mechanical preparation of the large bowel for elective surgery. Comparison of
      whole-gut lavage with the conventional enema and purgative technique.
AB  - In this prospective, randomized study, 121 elective colorectal surgery patients
      had whole-gut lavage (n = 67) or enemas and purgatives (n = 54). Patient
      characteristics were well matched. Intravenous metronidazole and tobramycin were
      administered preoperatively initially in 53 patients, with the remaining 68
      patients receiving the drugs perioperatively. Bowel preparation was satisfactory
      (minimal or no contents remaining) in 92.8 percent of patients with whole-gut
      lavage and 92.6 percent with enemas and purgatives (p = 0.72). Nasogastric tube
      insertion was poorly tolerated by 39 percent of the patients receiving whole-gut
      lavage, and enema tube insertion by 23 percent with enemas and purgatives. Fluid
      infusion tolerance was similar with both techniques. Abdominal wound sepsis
      occurred in 22 patients (18.8 percent), being unrelated to mechanical preparation
      or antimicrobial prophylaxis (p = 0.19). Colostomy closure was associated with a
      42.8 percent sepsis rate. Excluding this group, wound sepsis with the remaining
      procedures was 13 percent (statistically significant, p = 0.03). Other
      complications included intraabdominal abscesses (3.3 percent), anastomotic leaks
      (2.5 percent), eviscerations (1.6 percent), and an operative mortality of 1.6
      percent. We have concluded that whole-gut lavage and enemas and purgatives are
      equally efficacious mechanically with similar associated wound sepsis rates.

PMID- 3887956
TI  - Percutaneous drainage of abscesses in the postoperative abdomen that is difficult
      to explore.
AB  - We have evaluated our experience with computerized tomography and ultrasonography
      guided percutaneous drainage of extrahepatic abdominal fluid collections in a
      group of 22 patients. The most common goal was to avoid or delay surgery on
      abdomens in which reoperation would be difficult, mainly in high-risk patients.
      Drainage of pancreatic fluid collections or abscesses was also attempted in a
      small number of the patients. Percutaneous drainage was curative in 69 percent of
      those with nonpancreatic abscesses but in only 33 percent of those with abscesses
      associated with the pancreas. There were no complications attributable to the
      procedure or to delays in subsequent surgical drainage. Two patients died from
      problems not directly related to the use of percutaneous drainage. Percutaneous
      catheter drainage of nonpancreatic abdominal abscesses can play a useful role in
      patients who are carefully selected because they possess a complex abdominal
      anatomy distorted by previous surgery and infection or they are at high risk if
      surgical exploration is carried out.

PMID- 3887957
TI  - The Roux-Y loop in modern digestive tract surgery.
AB  - The technique of Y loop was utilized by Cesar Roux beginning in January 1892 for
      antral or pyloric obstruction. He used the proximal jejunum to perform a Y
      gastroenterostomy. However, he abandoned the procedure in 1911, having noticed
      the frequency of late peptic ulcerations in the loop. Nevertheless, the Y
      branching idea was later reconsidered and applications in hepatic, biliary, and
      pancreatic surgery were developed, as well as applications in gastrointestinal
      surgery. In this latter area, Roux-Y anastomoses are now performed primarily or
      secondarily. Primary uses include restoring the continuity of the alimentary
      tract after total gastrectomy (with or without a pouch), reconstruction after
      Whipple's procedure, repair of duodenal trauma, and intentional digestive bypass
      for morbid obesity. Secondary uses include remedial procedures after simple
      esophagojejunostomy, gastric fundus resection, and a Billroth II procedure to
      obviate postoperative complications due to bile reflux.

PMID- 3887958
TI  - Intraoperative ultrasonographic study of the liver. Methods and anatomic results.
AB  - In this study, we have reported our experience with the use of intraoperative
      ultrasonography in the field of liver surgery. Using the method, the intrahepatic
      segmental pedicles can be precisely located and thus, segmentectomies can be
      performed in an anatomic way. The technique allows the most economic parenchymal
      resection in cirrhotic patients which may be important for prevention of
      postoperative liver insufficiency.

PMID- 3887959
TI  - Bacterial flora of airline headset devices.
AB  - External otitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus was observed in two patients
      after they wore airline headset devices. The bacterial flora of 40 headset
      devices was evaluated. Bacteria were recovered from all headsets, and the number
      of organisms ranged from 10 to 1,200 (mean 138 +/- 246 organisms per headset).
      The predominant organisms recovered were S. aureus (in 12 headsets), Bacillus sp.
      and S. epidermidis (ten headsets each), alpha-hemolytic streptococci (in eight)
      and Corynebacterium sp. (in six). The effect of wearing a sterile headset for an
      hour was investigated using 20 volunteers. After wearing the headsets, an
      increase of at least two log10 colony-forming units was observed in 11 (55 per
      cent) of the volunteers, a decrease was observed in one (5 per cent), and no
      significant change in the bacterial flora was noticed in eight (40 per cent). The
      study demonstrates the presence of potential pathogens in headset devices and the
      increase in the number of endogenous flora in individuals who wear these devices.

PMID- 3887960
TI  - Prognostic validity of auditory brainstem evoked response screening in newborn
      infants.
AB  - The effectiveness of the auditory brainstem evoked response (ABR) test as a
      screening test for permanent hearing loss in neonates is examined in 32 published
      studies including 4,945 infants. Follow-up studies validating initial test
      failure were available for only 658 infants. Significant differences in
      methodology exist among these studies, and these differences may have affected
      their outcomes. Despite this problem, data from these studies were pooled, and
      they revealed that 16.5 per cent of neonates failed the initial ABR test. Of
      these, 5.1 per cent were later confirmed to be hearing-impaired or otherwise
      neurologically impaired. This implies that many of the false-positive results
      occurred in neonates who had transient disorders, such as conductive hearing loss
      or neurologic abnormalities, at the time of the screening test, or that the
      pass/fail criterion was too stringent. Lack of data on false-negative results or
      the rate of correct identification of normal infants makes it impossible to
      assess the sensitivity of the test accurately. Firm estimates of the prognostic
      validity of the neonatal ABR screening in identifying the impaired population can
      be achieved only when the actual impairment rate can be estimated, and when the
      distributions of ABR latencies and thresholds for both normal and impaired
      populations are known. These data could be obtained by following groups of high
      risk infants longitudinally and by pooling raw ABR data from the normal and
      impaired populations that are collected using standardized procedures and similar
      equipment.

PMID- 3887961
TI  - A report of unusually high blood ethanol and acetaldehyde levels in two surviving
      patients.
AB  - Two men with unusually high blood acetaldehyde levels of 750 and 2410
      micrograms/dl presented only mild symptomatology. Their blood ethanol levels, 730
      and 1121 mg/dl, were also extraordinarily high. However, liver function tests
      demonstrated no abnormalities.

PMID- 3887962
TI  - Exaggerated acetaldehyde response after ethanol administration during pregnancy
      and lactation in rats.
AB  - The exaggerated blood acetaldehyde response that has been reported after ethanol
      administration to pregnant rats was found to be the beginning of a much larger
      alteration occurring during lactation. Indeed, at the end of pregnancy, we
      confirmed a 4-fold increase in the acetaldehyde values above nonpregnant values
      after an intragastric dose of 3 g/kg ethanol. During gestational days 1 to 17,
      the levels did not differ. After delivery, the exaggerated acetaldehyde response
      to ethanol was increased, producing acetaldehyde concentrations 15-fold greater
      than in nonlactating controls. This response returned to nonpregnant levels with
      weaning and could be abolished by removing the pups at birth. The intensified
      response was associated with both an enhanced rate of ethanol oxidation and a
      decreased low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in liver mitochondria. At the
      end of pregnancy, measurable concentrations of acetaldehyde were found in
      umbilical venous blood and fetal blood. However, they amounted to only one
      quarter of maternal values whereas ethanol levels were similar. Thus, during late
      pregnancy and lactation, there is a marked increase in maternal blood
      acetaldehyde after ethanol intake. In the presence of a normal placenta, however,
      an acetaldehyde concentration gradient exists between the mother and the fetus.

PMID- 3887963
TI  - Alcohol policy and the rights of the drunkard.

PMID- 3887964
TI  - Double-blind trial of alprazolam and chlordiazepoxide in the management of the
      acute ethanol withdrawal syndrome.
AB  - A sequential sample of 101 patients hospitalized for ethanol withdrawal and
      requiring sedation for evolving withdrawal syndromes was assigned randomly
      according to a double-blind protocol to treatment with either alprazolam or
      chlordiazepoxide administered orally. The data from one patient were unevaluable
      due to acute bleeding, leaving a sample of 100 (50 in each condition). At
      discharge, three independent ratings of diaphoresis, tremor, hallucinations,
      nausea/vomiting, and overall severity of withdrawal were obtained, and the
      occurrence of delirium tremens and grand mal seizures was noted. Patients also
      completed the Beck Depression Inventory, and their disposition following
      discharge was recorded. There were no statistically significant differences
      between the two treatment groups on any of the dependent variables studied. It
      was concluded that the choice between alprazolam and chlordiazepoxide for
      managing ethanol withdrawal should be based on criteria other than efficacy of
      control. Potential antidepressant effects and drug kinetics were suggested as the
      basis for rational decision-making.

PMID- 3887965
TI  - Elevated urinary dolichol levels in chronic alcoholics.
AB  - Urinary dolichol (long chain 2,3-dihydropolyprenol) levels were determined in 23
      chronic alcoholics and 15 normal subjects using high performance liquid
      chromatography. Normal dolichol levels were 4.7 +/- 2.8 ng/ml whereas, in chronic
      alcoholics, this value was increased to 61.1 +/- 44.6 ng/ml. Stopping the intake
      of alcohol for a few weeks brought the urinary dolichol gradually to the normal
      level.

PMID- 3887966
TI  - Cyclical pattern of blood alcohol levels during continuous intragastric ethanol
      infusion in rats.
AB  - A rat model of chronic ethanol intoxication was developed to study the effects of
      complete control of ethanol and nutrient intake on maintenance of blood alcohol
      levels (BAL). Double gastrostomy cannulas were implanted in male Wistar rats (350
      400 g) to permit continuous intragastric alimentation and infusion of ethanol
      solution. Blood samples were obtained daily from central venous cannulas for
      determination of BAL and calculation of alcohol elimination rates. The daily
      ethanol dose was adjusted between 8 and 12 g/kg in an attempt to maintain a high
      degree of ethanol intoxication with a BAL between 100 and 300 mg/100 ml. The BAL
      averaged 216 +/- 120 (SD) mg/100 ml in 14 rats for 15-85 days, and exhibited a
      previously unreported, remarkable cyclical pattern independent of whether
      constant or variable dose was infused. In addition, the change in daily
      elimination rate of alcohol was significantly correlated (r = 0.67, p less than
      0.0001) with the previous day's BAL. Furthermore, we identified a threshold BAL
      for each animal, above which a remarkable increase in elimination rate occurred.
      The variation in individual threshold levels (154.0-266.8 mg/100 ml) resulted in
      the wide range of mean BAL achieved. It appears that some secondary system or
      mechanism for alcohol metabolism is responsible for this cyclical phenomenon. We
      propose that this model will prove versatile and useful for further studies of in
      vivo alcohol metabolism.

PMID- 3887967
TI  - Alcohol use patterns of first-year medical students: I. Development of shared
      norms.
AB  - Freshman medical students (96% of one class; n = 116) completed questionnaires on
      alcohol use at orientation, and again in April (n = 106) of that same year.
      Quantity/frequency and self-label ratings of alcohol use were employed to define
      normative ranges (in ethanol oz/wk). The confidentiality of student participants
      was protected. Males consumed five drinks per week over the summer and dropped to
      four per week during school; females consumed two drinks per week over both
      periods. Summertime and school year consumption rates were strongly correlated.
      Normative ranges of drinking converged from September to April, suggesting the
      emerging norms were the product of social experience with classmates. Class norms
      described a "cutpoint" separating acceptable range from excessive drinking (more
      than two drinks per day). The authors conclude that reliable "community norms"
      for medical students could be identified, the norms evolve over time, and they
      can be employed to determine the boundaries of acceptable drinking for research
      and screening purposes.

PMID- 3887968
TI  - Effects of ethanol and maternal nutritional status on fetal development.
AB  - This study investigated the interactive effects of alcohol and nutritional status
      of the pregnant female on fetal growth and development. Three liquid diets were
      formulated ranging in protein content from suboptimal to supraoptimal: diet I
      provided 18% kcal as protein and 1.0 kcal/ml; diets II and III provided 25 and
      32% kcal, respectively, as protein and 1.2 kcal/ml. In all cases, alcohol
      provided 36% of total calories. Both pair-fed and ad libitum fed control groups
      were included. We found that blood alcohol levels were consistently high in all
      three diet regimens throughout gestation. Alcohol intake suppressed weight gains
      and increased adrenal weights and placenta weights in pregnant females. Both body
      weights and brain weights were reduced in alcohol-exposed fetuses. However,
      relative brain weights were found to be increased in alcohol fetuses, indicating
      "brain sparing." Maternal nutritional status had no major effect on developmental
      outcome. Thus, with alcohol administered as a high proportion of total daily
      calories, increasing dietary protein levels did not attenuate the major adverse
      effects of alcohol on fetal development.

PMID- 3887969
TI  - Correlation of Purkinje neuron depression and hypnotic effects of ethanol in
      inbred strains of rats.
AB  - The effect of locally applied ethanol on spontaneous discharge rates of
      cerebellar Purkinje neurons was compared in two inbred strains of rats which
      differ in their sensitivities to the acute hypnotic effects of this agent.
      Ethanol, applied locally to neurons by micropressure ejection with multibarrel
      micropipettes, was significantly more potent for reducing neuronal firing rates
      in Fischer 344 rats when compared to Brown Norway rats. The hypnotic effect of
      ethanol, measured by loss of righting reflex, lasted significantly longer in the
      Fischer 344 strain of rats. These results suggest that susceptibility to a
      behavioral effect of ethanol might correlate with an effect on firing rates of
      cerebellar Purkinje cells in rats. In mice, selective breeding has produced "long
      sleep" and "short-sleep" strains of mice which differ not only in sensitivity to
      the hypnotic effect of ethanol, but also to the sensitivity of cerebellar
      Purkinje cells to depressant effects of this drug. Because electrophysiological
      investigations are in many ways easier to perform in rats than in mice, genetic
      differences in rats may provide an important means for analyzing central nervous
      system actions of acute ethanol administration.

PMID- 3887970
TI  - The effect of age on ethanol metabolism and on the hypothermic and hypnotic
      responses to ethanol in the Fischer 344 rat.
AB  - The hypothesis that the central nervous system (CNS) of aged rats is more
      sensitive to acute ethanol effects was examined by measuring ethanol elimination
      rates, and the hypothermic and hypnotic responses to ethanol in four age groups
      (3, 12, 21, and 30 months) of Fischer 344 rats. Following a 2.5 g/kg
      intraperitoneal dose of ethanol, rectal temperature and blood ethanol
      concentration (BEC) were measured at regular intervals for 8 hr. The 30-month
      group's hypothermic response to ethanol was equivalent to the 3-month group's
      despite lower peak BEC. Response to a hypnotic dose (3.0 g/kg) of ethanol was
      evaluated by measuring the time for regain of righting reflex (RORR) and the BEC
      at RORR. The 3-month group slept for a shorter time, and awoke at a higher BEC,
      than the 12- or 21-month groups. The response of the 30-month group was more
      complex. Although this group had the lowest BEC at RORR, their sleep time was
      equivalent to the 3-month group. The shortened sleep time of the 30-month group
      is consistent with the observation of significantly lower peak BEC and higher
      metabolic rate (calculated from Widmark r values) in this group. Thus, aged rats
      of the Fischer 344 strain may be more sensitive to acute ethanol, but these CNS
      effects may be partially offset by enhanced ethanol disposition at older ages.

PMID- 3887971
TI  - Brain and liver monoamine oxidase type A and type B activity in alcoholics and
      controls.
AB  - Monoamine oxidase activity in human postmortem brain and liver samples was
      measured in a group of patients with a prior history of alcoholism and compared
      to a control group with no prior history of alcoholism. Liver samples from
      patients with a prior history of alcoholism showed significantly lower monoamine
      oxidase activity with both phenylethylamine and serotonin as substrates.
      Postmortem brain samples, however, were not different in the two groups.

PMID- 3887972
TI  - Alcohol-induced liver disease.

PMID- 3887973
TI  - House dust mite allergy.

PMID- 3887974
TI  - Non-hereditary angioedema treated with tranexamic acid. A 6-month placebo
      controlled trial with follow-up 4 years later.
AB  - Ten patients with frequent attacks of non-hereditary angioedema were treated with
      tranexamic acid or placebo in a double blind manner, each period lasting 3
      months. During the tranexamic acid period nine patients became symptom-free, or
      substantially improved, while one was unaffected (P less than 0.05). In four
      patients itching was a major accompanying complaint which was relieved in three.
      Diarrhoea and abdominal discomfort were more pronounced during tranexamic acid
      treatment (P less than 0.05), but only necessitated dose reduction in one
      patient. Four years later contact was obtained with eight of the nine responders
      and six were still taking tranexamic acid regularly, while in two patients the
      attacks were so infrequent that the drug was not taken regularly.

PMID- 3887975
TI  - Volumetric aerobiological survey of conidial fungi in the North-East Netherlands.
      I. Seasonal patterns and the influence of metereological variables.
AB  - In order to obtain actual data about the qualitative and quantitative occurrence
      of airborne fungi in The Netherlands, a viable-volumetric sample survey with the
      Andersen sampler was undertaken. From April 1981 to the end of June 1983, one day
      a week samples were taken on the unobstructed rooftop of a hospital in the N-E
      Netherlands. An average of 268 Colony Forming Units (CFU), per sample, per cubic
      metre of air were found. Almost three-quarters of the total catch consisted of
      seven genera, Cladosporium predominating. Botrytis showed in surprisingly high
      numbers when compared with other surveys, while Alternaria occurred in very low
      concentrations. Most atmospheric airborne spora were found between May and
      September. Aspergillus and Penicillium prevailed in the autumn and winter months,
      although were present the year-round. Momentary weather conditions seemed less
      important for the overall spore picture than the average meteorological
      characteristics for a whole season. The obtained aero-mycological information may
      be useful in determining clinical strategies for skin testing and serological
      investigations in patients with suspected mould allergies.

PMID- 3887976
TI  - A trial of tiaramide in asthma.
AB  - Tiaramide hydrochloride is a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent previously
      shown to inhibit allergic responses both in vitro and in vivo. Clinical studies
      in asthmatic adults and children have also shown benefit. We report a double
      blind cross-over study in 35 adult asthmatic patients comparing oral tiaramide
      200 mg four times daily with oral salbutamol 4 mg four times daily and placebo.
      Symptoms and bronchodilator inhaler usage were recorded in diary cards and
      morning and evening peak expiratory flow rates were also monitored. Both
      tiaramide and salbutamol had a significant therapeutic effect compared with
      placebo. More patients preferred tiaramide than salbutamol and there were fewer
      side effects during treatment with tiaramide. Tiaramide may be a useful oral
      therapy in asthma particularly for those patients intolerant of oral beta
      adrenergic agonists.

PMID- 3887977
TI  - Pre-operative intramuscular ranitidine and cimetidine. Double blind comparative
      trial, effect on gastric pH and volume.
AB  - A controlled trial was carried out on 120 healthy patients presenting for
      elective surgery. The patients were divided randomly into three groups, which
      received respectively, 50 mg ranitidine, 100 mg ranitidine, or 300 mg cimetidine
      intramuscularly at least 45 minutes before operation. Following induction of
      anaesthesia, a nasogastric tube was passed, the stomach contents aspirated and
      analysed for volume and pH. Thirteen per cent of cimetidine-treated patients had
      a gastric pH of 2.5 or less, compared to 8% of those given ranitidine 50 mg and
      3% of those given ranitidine 100 mg; however, these differences were not
      statistically significant. No side effects attributable to the administration of
      either drug were observed. It is concluded that intramuscular administration of
      ranitidine or cimetidine is an effective method of reducing the number of
      patients at risk of acid aspiration during anaesthesia. However, neither drug
      eliminates the risk of acid aspiration in all patients, and thus careful
      anaesthetic technique to protect the airway remains essential.

PMID- 3887978
TI  - Potential hazard of East-Radcliffe ventilator. Failure to entrain adequate
      oxygen.
AB  - Reports of two hypoxic episodes which occurred during the use of the East
      Radcliffe PNA 1 ventilator in the 'complete rebreathing' mode led to the study of
      the efficiency of the emergency air entrainment system. The inability of this
      system to maintain adequate oxygen concentrations during interruption of the
      fresh gas supply results in the development of a hypoxic gas mixture despite
      patency of the entrainment valve. The reasons for this, and their clinical
      implications during intermittent positive pressure ventilation in the 'complete
      rebreathing' mode, are discussed.

PMID- 3887979
TI  - The origins of thiopentone.

PMID- 3887980
TI  - Radiometric oil well assay for glucokinase in microscopic structures.
AB  - Glucokinase (ATP:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) plays a pivotal role
      in hepatic glucose metabolism and serves as the glucose sensor in pancreatic
      islet beta-cells. Biochemical studies of this enzyme are complicated by the
      cellular heterogeneity of the liver and the pancreas and because the presence of
      hexokinases (ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferases, EC 2.7.1.1) seriously interferes
      with currently available analytical procedures. A radiometric assay was designed
      to deal with these problems. It is based on the liberation of 3H2O from D-[2
      3H(N)]glucose 6-phosphate, the product of the glucokinase reaction, using
      exogenous phosphoglucose isomerase (D-glucose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase, EC
      5.3.1.9). Interference by hexokinases was largely eliminated by using glucose 6
      phosphate as inhibitor and the sensitivity of the assay was greatly increased by
      using small volumes with the oil well procedure. The assay was sufficiently
      sensitive to detect about 1 pg of glucokinase. It thus allowed the application of
      quantitative histochemical procedures to the study of intralobular hepatic
      glucokinase profiles and the pancreatic beta-cell glucose sensor. The
      quantitative histochemical procedures were sufficiently sensitive and reliable
      for measuring important kinetic constants of glucokinase (i.e., the Km and the
      Hill number) in microscopic samples of tissue.

PMID- 3887981
TI  - Peptide mapping of basic proteins by proteolysis in acetic acid/urea-minislab
      polyacrylamide gels.
AB  - A method to obtain peptide maps of basic proteins on acetic acid/urea (AU) 
      polyacrylamide minislab gels is presented. Basic proteins such as the histones
      are digested with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease in the stacking gel (pH 4) of
      an AU-polyacrylamide minislab gel. As the peptides are resolved in the AU
      minislab gel on the basis of charge and size, it is possible to separate peptides
      containing modified amino acids from the unmodified, parent peptide. The
      peptide(s) containing the modified residue may be identified following
      electrophoresis on a second-dimension sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      minislab gel. This procedure will be useful for comparing histone variants and
      for the study of histone modifications.

PMID- 3887982
TI  - Fluorescent monitoring of proteins during sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis and Western blotting.
AB  - Fluorescent labeling of proteins was found to be a very sensitive and reliable
      alternative to conventional methods for monitoring proteins on Western blots.
      Proteins were labeled with 2-methoxy-2,4-diphenyl-3(2H)-furanone (MDPF) before
      SDS-PAGE. After electrophoresis and subsequent electro-blotting the fluorescent
      labeled proteins were visible upon ultraviolet illumination of the nitrocellulose
      membranes, and could be photographed to yield an accurate record of the blots
      before subsequent serological analysis. The sensitivity for detecting MDPF
      labeled proteins on nitrocellulose was 100-200 ng, 50 to 100 fold less sensitive
      than on gels. Fluorescent-labeled TMV and MStpV capsid proteins that were blotted
      onto nitrocellulose still reacted in serological tests and were detected when
      present in quantities as low as 100 pg. Fluorescent labeling allows accurate
      photographic records of the SDS-gel, blot and probed blot using only one sample,
      and no subsequent staining steps are required.

PMID- 3887983
TI  - Two-dimensional spectrophotometry with high spatial and temporal resolution by
      digital video techniques and powerful computers.
AB  - A two-dimensional spectrophotometer having a spatial raster resolution of 512 X
      512 picture elements with 256 grey levels and a time resolution of 30 images per
      min is assembled by combination of digital video techniques and a powerful
      computer system. The instrument is applied to the analysis of pattern formation
      processes in cytoplasmic media.

PMID- 3887984
TI  - The use of 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol in studies of zinc release from Escherichia
      coli aspartate transcarbamoylase.
AB  - The metallochromic indicator 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) has been used at pH
      7.0 to monitor the mercurial-promoted Zn2+ release from Escherichia coli
      aspartate transcarbamoylase and Zn2+ uptake by regulatory dimers upon
      displacement of the mercurial reagent with 2-mercaptoethanol. The release of Zn2+
      (as reflected by a yellow to orange color change in PAR solutions) is linked to
      dissociation of the enzyme since the six Zn2+ bonding domains stabilize catalytic
      and regulatory chain contacts; the rebinding of Zn2+ produces enzyme assembly and
      a corresponding decrease in the amount of PAR-Zn2+ complex. Using greater than 10
      fold PAR to free Zn2+ at pH 7.0, delta epsilon = 6.6 +/- 0.2 X 10(4) M-1 cm-1 at
      500 nm (20 degrees C) for (PAR)2Zn2+ complex formation (beta'2 approximately
      equal to 10(12) M-1). In kinetic studies at pH 7.0, PAR (10(-4) M) has been used
      to measure the instantaneous concentration of Zn2+ released from micromolar
      quantities of protein; second-order k = 2 X 10(7) M-1 s-1 for forming the 1:1
      PAR:Zn2+ complex. These properties of PAR-Zn2+ interactions make PAR a generally
      useful reagent for studying Zn2+ release from proteins.

PMID- 3887985
TI  - Lysine decarboxylase assay by the pH-stat method.
AB  - A simple assay of lysine decarboxylase is described. It is based on measuring the
      rate of titration of OH- ions, released during decarboxylation with the aid of a
      pH-stat apparatus. The continuous recording of the reaction progress may be
      easily performed. Using the pH-stat method the Km for lysine decarboxylase from
      E. coli is 2.0 mM.

PMID- 3887986
TI  - Structures and relationships of the anterior malleus ligament.
AB  - 48 temporal bones, fixed in 10 percent formaline, were dissected by
      microdissection and the anterior malleus ligament was studied morphological and
      histologically. Some gross sections were made to microscopic observations and
      microssections, to histologic preparations. The anterior malleus ligament shows
      fasciculate aspect in its intratympanic portion, by 3 fascicles , superior,
      middle and inferior, with dentate form. The superior fascicle is whitish, dimmed
      and frequently thinner than the others and was classified under 4 patterns,
      according to its insertion. The middle fascicle is the thickest, voluminous+,
      whitish and shinning ; tendinous, it is inserted below the superior fascicle .
      The inferior fascicle is thickness and insert immediately under the middle one.
      The extratympanic portion of the anterior malleus ligament is fasciculate but
      little evident; it shows irregular aspect, flattened, with disperses fibres into
      the petrotympanic fissure. However can be noted continuity of the fascicles that
      are crossed by the nerve chorda tympani. Several fibres insert on the nasal spine
      and on the sphenomandibular ligament, where the fibres intertwine. They finish on
      the disc, articular capsule and anterior malleus ligament through a true
      interlinked. Histological observations of the anterior malleus ligament show a
      modelate and dense conjunctive formation, while in the temporomandibular joint
      capsular region was not a modelate conjunctive.

PMID- 3887987
TI  - Immunohistological study of the red pulp in the human spleen.
AB  - By means of anti-cartilage antisera, on using immunofluorescent technique,
      special spongy structures were detected in the red pulp of the human spleen,
      occurring around arterial capillaries and at their terminals. At some sites,
      these formations were closely attached to the walls of sinus, suggesting a direct
      connection between the arterial and venous system. Exceptionally they were found
      to be attached to the wall of the veins in the red pulp. In the majority of
      instances, anti-cartilage antisera distinctly visualized also fibrillar and
      membranous adventitial structures around small arterial branches, which were more
      or less connected with the spongy structures of pulp cords. In several-month-old
      infants the spongy structures occupied relatively large areas of pulp cords, and
      exceptionally also the entire segment of the pulp cord, whereas at advanced age,
      these structures were very small. Yet they invariably contained structures of
      sheathed capillaries. These spongy arterial terminals seem to represent
      specifically formed parts of pulp cords, constituting a particularly specialized
      part of the vascular system of the human spleen.

PMID- 3887988
TI  - Geronto-anatomical aspects of the buccinator muscle in prosthetic stomatology.
AB  - Alongside with the absorption of the alveolar process in advanced age, fibers of
      the buccinator muscle cease to originate there. In consequence, the course of
      muscle fibers in the lower portion of the buccinator is virtually parallel to the
      mandible in toothless individuals. Smoothness of the accessory mandibular recess,
      as well as the favourable structure of soft tissues render this region an
      important bearer for the dental plate. Rearranged origin and course of the
      buccinator muscle in toothless individuals allow for an extension of the denture
      and contribute to the ventil-like closure of the plate.

PMID- 3887989
TI  - [Polarization optical studies of semithin sections].

PMID- 3887990
TI  - Effects of hormones and gonadal status on the midventral gland of the grasshopper
      mouse Onychomys leucogaster.
AB  - A midventrally located fusiform sebaceous gland is found in the northern
      grasshopper mouse Onychomys leucogaster. Microscopically, the gland consists of
      numerous multilobular units. Copious secretory material collects in the central
      duct of each unit and is extruded to the outside. The gland is larger in the male
      than in the female. Castration causes an involution of the gland in both sexes.
      Testosterone propionate (1.0 mg/0.1 cc olive oil, subcutaneously every other day
      for 4 weeks) restores the gland to full activity in castrates of both sexes.
      Estradiol benzoate (0.1 mg/0.1 cc olive oil, subcutaneously every other day for 4
      weeks) has no effect on the midventral gland of ovariectomized females. A long
      photoperiod (18 L/6 D) leads to the development of testes, ovaries, and uteri
      that are significantly heavier than those of animals from a short photoperiod (6
      L/18 D) regime. Midventral glands in animals of both sexes from the long
      photoperiod are larger and more active than glands from animals from the short
      photoperiod. The secretions of the midventral gland of Onychomys are probably
      used for communications such as territorial marking, advertisement of gonadal
      status, or pup identification.

PMID- 3887991
TI  - A quantitative microprobe analysis of elements in cortical and nuclear cells of
      the calf lens.
AB  - The outer cortical cells in the calf lens remain transparent under conditions
      that produce opacity in central nuclear cells. The nuclear cells opacify by a
      mechanism of cellular restructuring that is associated with a cytoplasmic phase
      separation while cortical cells do not opacify by this mechanism. In this study
      the differences in elemental composition of nuclear and cortical cells were
      analyzed using X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) of tissue that was prepared for
      scanning electron microscopy. It was necessary to develop special methods of
      fixation and dehydration to prevent significant distortion of lens tissue and
      minimize solubilization and redistribution of elements during the histological
      processing of the tissue. We calibrated the microprobe for the quantitative
      analysis using gelatin standards which contained known concentrations of sulfur,
      potassium, phosphorus, chlorine, and cesium. The standard curves were used to
      determine proportionality constants, which related the intensity of X-ray
      emission to the molar concentration of each element, and to determine the minimum
      detectable levels of each element. An important finding is that the intensity of
      the X-ray emission is dependent on sample density only at low protein
      concentration. At the high protein concentrations that exist in lens, the
      intensity is not affected by sample density.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3887992
TI  - Sinus arrest associated with cimetidine.

PMID- 3887993
TI  - The effect of ketamine on the functional residual capacity in young children.
AB  - The effect of ketamine on the functional residual capacity (FRC) was measured in
      nine ASA class I children prior to elective surgery. FRC was determined by the
      closed-circuit helium dilution method on the day prior to surgery in the awake
      state and also following induction of anesthesia on the day of the operation.
      Anesthesia consisted of ketamine by continuous intravenous infusion following
      preanesthetic sedation with atropine and triclofos or flunitrazepam. There were
      no significant differences in FRC between the measurements in the awake state and
      anesthetized (392 +/- 43 SEM ml, and 411 +/- 53 SEM ml, respectively), and the
      authors conclude that ketamine does not affect resting lung volume in young
      children.

PMID- 3887994
TI  - Emergency management of the infant with an obstructed airway at birth.

PMID- 3887995
TI  - Aseptic meningitis following spinal anesthesia--a complication of the past?

PMID- 3887996
TI  - Simple system for portable positive end-expiratory pressure.

PMID- 3887997
TI  - [Clinico-physiological aspects of postoperative respiratory insufficiency in
      elderly patients].

PMID- 3887998
TI  - [Medico-biological aspects of left heart shunting].

PMID- 3887999
TI  - [Mendelson's syndrome].

PMID- 3888000
TI  - [Long-term extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in children with acute respiratory
      insufficiency].

PMID- 3888001
TI  - [Colloid-osmotic blood pressure during operations under artificial circulation].

PMID- 3888003
TI  - [A new method for detecting incompetent communicating veins with Doppler C.W].

PMID- 3888002
TI  - Anesthesia's dental heritage (William Thomas Green Morton).

PMID- 3888004
TI  - [Chronic spinal cord stimulation in peripheral arterial insufficiency.
      Comparative study].

PMID- 3888006
TI  - Effect of vaccination with live or killed Pasteurella haemolytica on resistance
      to experimental bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis.
AB  - Using 6- to 8-month-old beef calves, 3 experiments were conducted to compare the
      effect of vaccination with live or killed Pasteurella haemolytica on resistance
      to a transthoracic challenge exposure with the organism and to correlate serum
      antibody response with resistance. In each experiment, calves were vaccinated
      twice at 1-week intervals and were challenge exposed 21 days after the first
      inoculation. Lung lesions were evaluated by a system, such that higher scores
      indicated the more severe lesions. In each experiment, calves immunized with live
      P haemolytica had lower lesion scores than calves vaccinated with saline solution
      or bacterin. In 2 of the experiments, the differences were significant (P less
      than 0.05). In all experiments, calves vaccinated parenterally with a commercial
      P haemolytica/P multocida bacterin or with a formalin-killed P haemolytica
      bacterin had lesion scores that were not significantly different (P greater than
      0.05) than for control calves vaccinated with saline solution. Live and killed
      bacterial preparations induced a significant serum antibody response to P
      haemolytica as measured by a quantitative fluorometric immunoassay. The antibody
      response to vaccination was not affected by preexisting titers to P haemolytica.
      Serum antibody titers were not consistently as high for calves vaccinated with
      bacterins as for calves vaccinated with live organisms. Although high antibody
      titers correlated with low lesion scores when calves vaccinated with saline
      solution or live organisms were analyzed collectively, there was not a
      significant correlation between the 2 variables when calves, vaccinated with
      saline solution or with bacterin, were analyzed collectively. These data indicate
      that, although bacterins may induce a detectable serum antibody response, they do
      not induce protection against transthoracic challenge exposure to P haemolytica.

PMID- 3888005
TI  - Infections and infection risk in residents of long-term care facilities: a review
      of the literature, 1970-1984.
AB  - We reviewed the English-language peer-reviewed journals and the Centers for
      Disease Control's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports between 1970 and 1984
      presenting information about infections and infection risk in residents of long
      term care facilities. More than 50 articles met review criteria. Approximately
      one third of the articles were reports of outbreaks, primarily of respiratory and
      gastrointestinal infections. Seven articles reported rates for several infection
      sites, but most rates were not directly comparable to one another because
      numerators and/or denominators were different. Many of the studies have been done
      in Veterans Administration hospitals with largely male populations, which may
      limit their applicability to freestanding long-term care facilities with largely
      female clients. This review establishes the need for high-quality observational
      studies of infections in long-term care facilities. Such studies are needed
      before intervention studies can be done to measure the effect of manipulation of
      risk factors on infection outcome.

PMID- 3888007
TI  - Keratoconjunctivitis sicca: immunological evaluation of 62 canine cases.
AB  - The etiology of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in 62 dogs was evaluated, using
      immunologic techniques. Using direct fluorescent antibody testing, autoantibodies
      within the lacrimal, salivary, or pancreatic glands were detected in 5 of 8 dogs
      tested. Circulating antibodies to the nictitating membrane gland, main lacrimal
      gland, parotid salivary gland, or mandibular salivary gland were detected using
      indirect fluorescent antibodies in 9 of 31, 3 of 31, 5 of 31, and 5 of 31 sera,
      respectively. Using radial immunodiffusion, hyper-gamma-globulinemia was detected
      in 21 of 30 dogs with KCS. Antinuclear antibodies, primarily in a nucleolar
      pattern, were demonstrated in 20 of 50 dogs with KCS. Lymphocytic infiltrates
      were evident in 5 of 9 labial salivary biopsies, 2 of 4 parotid gland specimens,
      2 of 4 mandibular gland specimens, and 2 of 3 thyroid gland specimens taken from
      dogs with KCS. Autoimmune diseases had been previously documented in 4 of 62
      dogs. Twenty-five of the 62 dogs (40%) had concurrent problems indicative of an
      underlying immunologic disorder.

PMID- 3888008
TI  - Appearance of immunoglobulin classes and complement (C3) during Corynebacterium
      renale-induced experimental pyelonephritis in the rat.
AB  - The local appearance of various immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes in the urinary tract
      during ascending pyelonephritis was studied in rats experimentally infected with
      Corynebacterium renale. The indirect fluorescent antibody assay was used to
      detect IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, and C3 on C renale present in the urine of the
      experimental animals. Corynebacterium renale coated with IgM and IgG antibodies
      was found beginning on the 4th day after induced infection, with IgG being the
      more abundant isotype. Coating with IgA occurred as early as the 4th day, but was
      less dense than coating with IgG. The presence of C3 on C renale was concurrent
      with IgM and IgG coating. A significant quantity of IgE could not be identified
      on antibody-coated C renale. Thus, IgG is the major component of the humoral
      immune response in this model of ascending pyelonephritis. The IgM early during
      infection and IgA later during infection seem not to be a major component of the
      immune response in this model.

PMID- 3888009
TI  - In vitro cultivation of Babesia bigemina.
AB  - A strain of Babesia bigemina was isolated from an infected calf and propagated in
      vitro. Culture conditions included washing of infected and normal bovine
      erythrocytes in a special solution, and the use of a 5% to 10% (v/v) erythrocyte
      suspension in medium 199 (with 20% to 50% fresh normal bovine serum) at a depth
      of 4 mm in a 5% CO2, 2% O2, 93% N2 atmosphere. After 36 days in vitro and 9
      subcultures, the cultured organism was inoculated into a susceptible calf. This
      calf developed clinical signs of disease and recovered when treated with 1%
      trypan blue solution. The strain was also reisolated from the second calf. The
      original isolate had been maintained in continuous in vitro cultivation for more
      than 99 days.

PMID- 3888010
TI  - Linkage of genes for heat-stable enterotoxin, drug resistance, K99 antigen, and
      colicin in bovine and porcine strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
AB  - Linkages among genes for production of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin
      (ST), drug resistance, K99 antigen, and colicin were investigated in 2 bovine and
      3 porcine strains of enterotoxigenic E coli. In conjugation experiments, all 5
      isolates transferred enterotoxigenicity and the ability to produce K99; 4 of the
      5 isolates also transferred antibiotic resistance markers, and 3 colicinogenic
      strains transmitted the ability to produce colicin. In 2 of the 3 colicin
      producing strains, the genes for colicin were located along with those for K99
      and ST on a single plasmid. One of these 2 strains transferred the genes for
      tetracycline resistance and production of both mouse-active ST (STa) and mouse
      inactive ST, whereas the other transmitted the gene(s) for STa only.
      Transformation studies with the 3rd strain revealed that the K99 determinant
      resided on a 22-megadalton (Mdal)R plasmid, and that STa and colicin production
      were on a 65-Mdal plasmid. Analysis of the plasmids from the transformation
      experiments revealed that the larger plasmid was conjugative and the smaller
      plasmid was nonconjugative; stable cointegrate formation occurred between these 2
      plasmids. Genetic information coding for the production of STa and K99 were also
      present on a single plasmid of approximately 80 Mdal in both noncolicinogenic
      strains.

PMID- 3888011
TI  - Effect of washing on motility and acrosome morphology of frozen-thawed goat
      spermatozoa.
AB  - Semen from 4 bucks was collected using an artificial vagina and was pooled and
      divided into 6 aliquots. Three aliquots were washed twice, 15 minutes each time,
      with Ringer's solution, and the fluid was removed by centrifugation at 950 X g
      between washes. All 6 aliquots (3 washed and 3 unwashed) were extended with skim
      milk-glycerol, lactose-egg yolk-glycerol, or tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane
      citric acid-egg yolk-glycerol and were frozen in straws to -196 C. The semen was
      then thawed and kept at 37 C for 8 hours. Percentage of sperm motility was
      estimated, and the percentage of normal acrosomes (NA) was determined at 0, 2, 4,
      6, and 8 hours after thawing. The experiment was repeated 7 times. The data
      indicated a significant positive effect (P = 0.0009) of washing on motility, but
      no effect (P = 0.5347) of extender. There was also a significantly higher
      percentage of NA in washed semen (P less than 0.0001). Sperm extended in tris
      aminomethane-citric acid-egg yolk-glycerol had more NA than those extended in
      lactose-egg yolk-glycerol. Sperm motility and acrosome morphology were depressed
      also in the presence of seminal plasma for the milk extender, which did not
      contain egg yolk. Removal of seminal plasma from goat semen was beneficial in
      preserving the integrity of the spermatozoa after freezing, regardless of the
      extender used.

PMID- 3888012
TI  - Relationship of upper and lower urinary tract infection and bacterial invasion of
      uroepithelium to antibody-coated bacteria test results in female dogs.
AB  - Urinary tract infection was demonstrated in 12 female dogs via bacteriologic
      culture of a specimen of bladder urine collected by antepubic cystocentesis.
      Escherichia coli was isolated in pure culture from the urine of 9 dogs. Urine
      specimens from 2 dogs contained E coli and alpha-streptococci and from 1 dog
      contained Streptococcus zymogenes in pure culture. In 6 dogs, urinary tract
      infection was limited to the urinary bladder, whereas 6 dogs had unilateral or
      bilateral culture-positive renal pelvic urine as well (specimens collected by
      percutaneous nephropyelostomy). An antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) test was
      conducted on a portion of the bladder urine specimen from each dog, and the
      urinary tissues from these 12 dogs and from 6 healthy, noninfected female dogs
      were examined at necropsy. Tissues were given a subjective score based on the
      severity of the lesions seen microscopically. Histologic scores, bacterial
      cultural results, and ACB test results were examined for significance. A
      significant difference was found in the histologic scores between infected and
      noninfected dogs (P less than 0.025), but comparisons among histologic scores,
      cultural results, and ACB test results were not significant among infected dogs.
      The ACB test could neither be used to localize bacterial infection within the
      urinary tract nor could it be used to indicate the presence of bacterial invasion
      of the uroepithelium in dogs.

PMID- 3888013
TI  - Evaluation of autogeneic and allogeneic cortical chip grafting in a feline tibial
      nonunion model.
AB  - A feline tibial nonunion model was used to evaluate the efficacy of fresh
      autogeneic and deep-frozen allogeneic cortical chip grafts for bone repair.
      Rigidly fixated tibial ostectomies with a segmental defect length of 1 cm were
      grafted with 3 mm X 2 mm chips of cortical bone in 12 skeletally mature cats. Six
      cats were given fresh autogeneic bone (group A) and 6 were given deep-frozen
      allogeneic bone (group B). Bone healing was evaluated radiographically and
      histologically over a 12-week period. Consolidating bony callus and palpable
      stability of the tibia after bone plate removal were evident in all group A cats
      and 4 of the 6 group B cats by 12 weeks after surgery. Bone remodeling had
      progressed to intermediate restoration of diaphyseal structure in 2 cats of each
      group. Fibrous replacement of graft chips, absence of bony callus, and
      instability of the tibia after bone plate removal were evident in 1 group B cat
      at 12 weeks. The remaining group B cat was withdrawn from the study at 6 weeks
      due to loosening of the bone plate and screws.

PMID- 3888014
TI  - Flunixin meglumine attenuation of endotoxin-induced damage to the cardiopulmonary
      vascular endothelium of the pony.
AB  - Endotoxic shock was induced in 5 ponies by intraperitoneal injections of 20, 40,
      60, 80, and 80 micrograms of Escherichia coli endotoxin (LPS)/kg of body weight
      at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours, respectively. At 24 hours, the ponies also were
      given 20 micrograms of LPS/kg via catheter in the left ventricle of the heart. A
      2nd group of 4 ponies was given 1.1 mg of flunixin meglumine (FM)/kg, IV, at 6,
      12, 18, and 24 hours just before the corresponding LPS injection. Two hours after
      the 24-hour LPS injection, the ponies in both groups were anesthetized, the lungs
      were perfused with fixative, and portions of the pulmonary arteries and veins and
      right and left ventricles were prepared for scanning and transmission electron
      microscopy. In ponies that were given only LPS, some areas of pulmonary vascular
      endothelium appeared normal when compared with untreated controls, but other
      areas had disoriented endothelial cells or had varying amounts of sloughing,
      which ranged from focal areas of a few cells to large areas of denuded
      endothelium. Ponies treated with FM before LPS had less severe and less extensive
      endothelial cell damage. In both groups, leukocytes were attached to areas of the
      vessel wall; endothelial cell damage was greater in these regions. Administration
      of FM before LPS administration attenuated the LPS-induced endothelial cell
      damage.

PMID- 3888015
TI  - Mechanical biliary obstruction. A review of the multisystemic consequences of
      obstructive jaundice and their impact on perioperative morbidity and mortality.
AB  - Whether obstruction is due to malignancy (ampullary or pancreatic) or benign
      disease (stones or stricture), mechanical biliary obstruction (MBO) is not an
      uncommon disease. While the outward manifestations of the disease such as
      jaundice or inanition may be obvious, the specific effects of the obstructive
      process on liver parenchymal or ductular function are subtle and, as yet, ill
      defined. There are, however, multiple recent reports in the literature suggesting
      that deep jaundice and its coincident disorders of hepatic, coagulation, renal,
      or immune function may be alleviated via percutaneous transhepatic drainage
      procedures. The purpose of this review are as follows: to outline the known
      consequences of MBO related to hepatic metabolic and secretory function; to
      describe the effects of MBO on organ systems other than the liver; to describe
      what tools are now available to quantitate the effects of MBO on liver function;
      and, finally, to present the evidence, either pro or con, that the relief of MBO
      via transhepatic drainage may affect perioperative morbidity and mortality in
      patients who undergo definitive procedure later in the course of their disease.

PMID- 3888016
TI  - Carcinoma of the pancreas in nonjaundiced patients. A silent disease.
AB  - This report deals with the study of 25 patients with carcinoma of the pancreas
      without jaundice. Carcinoma of the pancreas is the fourth most common cause of
      death among men who suffer from cancer. The extremely high mortality associated
      with pancreatic cancer is due to failure of early diagnosis. Those cases
      associated with obstructive jaundice can be diagnosed much earlier than those in
      which jaundice is absent. In the absence of jaundice, symptoms and signs of
      pancreatic cancer are so vague that they may be confused with those of other
      conditions. Routine laboratory tests aid little in the definitive diagnosis of
      the disease. Sophisticated new modalities of diagnosis such as ultrasonography,
      endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and CT-scanning frequently
      will lead to a correct diagnosis, but these tests are seldom performed unless
      there is a strong suspicion that carcinoma of the body of the pancreas exists.
      When pancreatic carcinoma without jaundice is ultimately diagnosed, it is found
      to be less amenable to surgery than lesions located in the head where early
      jaundice is more often encountered. Most patients with cancer of the body of the
      pancreas suffer from persistent unexplained abdominal pain, marked anorexia, and
      weight loss. Such patients must be subjected to sophisticated diagnostic tests in
      order to arrive at an early diagnosis.

PMID- 3888017
TI  - Preservation of human cardiac contractility during anoxic arrest with glucose
      containing cardioplegia.
AB  - Infusing the aortic root with a hypothermic solution containing glucose, insulin,
      and potassium (GIK) during aortic cross-clamping and anoxic arrest resulted in a
      significant preservation of human myocardial contractility indices. Control
      coronary artery surgery patients had acute postcardiopulmonary bypass dp/dtmax
      depressed to 79.8 per cent prebypass levels and maintained only 73.0 per cent
      prebypass Vpm. Patients with aortic root GIK maintained 148.1 per cent prebypass
      dp/dtmax and 157.2 per cent prebypass Vpm, which were significantly better than
      control (P less than 0.001). These patients also required significantly less
      vasopressor (P less than 0.05). Patients who maintained at least 85 per cent
      prebypass dp/dtmax or Vpm had less need for subsequent vasopressor in the
      recovery period (P less than 0.05). Peak quantitated subsequent vasopressor need
      had a negative correlation (P less than 0.05) to percentage prebypass Vpm
      maintained. GIK root infusion enhanced anaerobic metabolism. Coronary washout of
      acidotic byproducts and direct cardiac buffer combining with improved glycolytic
      flux and better global hypothermia appeared to be the mechanisms for
      contractility preservation. Contractility indices appear to be useful in
      determining subsequent vasopressor needs.

PMID- 3888019
TI  - A universal method for separating en bloc cadaveric kidneys.
AB  - A universal technique for separating cadaveric kidneys in preparation for aortic
      cannulation is described. Only autogenous material is used. The technique is
      particularly helpful in the presence of multilevel renal vessels.

PMID- 3888020
TI  - Newer concepts in intra-abdominal infection.
AB  - This essay has been delivered as the William H. Harridge, Jr., M.D. Memorial
      Lecture at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Surgical Association on Mackinac
      Island, Michigan, August 20, 1984. The subject of intra-abdominal infection has
      been reviewed in the light of newer diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.
      Suspicion for postoperative, posttraumatic, or primary intra-abdominal infection
      can be raised if one is sensitive to the "soft signs of sepsis" that may herald
      early organ system derangement prior to the cascade of overt failure. If
      investigation into the site of infection and its cause can be carried out
      expeditiously, the appropriate therapeutic maneuver, whether by percutaneous
      drainage, open drainage, or a correction of the underlying source can be chosen.
      This essay has presented the newer methods of abscess localization including
      radionuclide scans, ultrasonography, and computed tomography. The most effective
      and accurate diagnostic method for disclosing an intra-abdominal abscess appears
      to be computed tomography (CT). The indications and anticipated success of
      percutaneous drainage by CT guidance has been presented. The field continues to
      evolve.

PMID- 3888018
TI  - Parathyroid localization. Sonographic-surgical correlation.
AB  - Sonographic localization of enlarged parathyroid gland was performed in 37
      patients suspected of hyperparathyroidism who underwent surgical exploration of
      the neck. Nine of those patients were clinically asymptomatic. Most of the others
      presented with urolithiasis. The sonograms were obtained by conventional and high
      resolution realtime (10 mHz). Of the 37 patients, 31 patients had a single
      adenoma, three patients had two adenomas, and two patients had hyperplasia.
      Analysis of the results has shown accuracy of 84 per cent. The sensitivity of the
      procedure was 79.5 per cent and the specificity was 98 per cent. The exact side
      and location of the enlarged parathyroid in relation to the thyroid gland was
      predicted in 91 per cent. The false-negative cases were due to abnormal location
      (gland in mediastinum or incorporated within the thyroid). The false-positive
      findings were all colloid cysts located at the periphery of the thyroid
      parenchyma. Preoperative confirmation and localization of enlarged parathyroid
      glands facilitated the decision for surgical intervention, especially in
      hypercalcemic asymptomatic patients and in high operative risk patients. The
      duration of operation and postoperative complications were significantly reduced.

PMID- 3888021
TI  - Idiosyncracies of the Hollander test in the obese patient.
AB  - The Hollander test of gastric secretion in response to acute hypoglycemia is a
      time-honored method of evaluating vagal integrity. In the course of performing
      gastric bypass procedures in 19 morbidity obese patients who were twice their
      weight for height, Hollander tests were included in the preoperative evaluation.
      Infusion of a standard dose of 20 units of regular insulin failed to produce a
      hypoglycemia of 35 mg/dl in 13 patients (68%). There was a positive response to
      hypoglycemia of even a moderate degree in gastric secretory volume, pH, and total
      acid output at 75 minutes postinsulin injection in all patients. They lagged well
      behind the peak of relative hypoglycemia which occurred at 30 minutes postinsulin
      injection. If the Hollander test is to be used in the evaluation of gastric
      secretion in obese patients weighing more than 100 kg, it is recommended that the
      insulin dosage be adjusted to body weight at 0.2 units (RI) per kilogram body
      weight. In addition, collections of gastric and serum specimens must be continued
      for a full 2 hours postinsulin injection in order to insure recognition of vagal
      response.

PMID- 3888022
TI  - Chlamydia trachomatis in the pharynx and rectum of heterosexual patients at risk
      for genital infection.
AB  - Although urogenital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis are well recognized,
      less is known about infection at other body sites in adults. Pharyngeal specimens
      obtained from 706 heterosexual men and 686 women, and rectal specimens obtained
      from 1223 women who were at risk for chlamydia infection were cultured for C.
      trachomatis. Urogenital specimens were obtained from all patients. Chlamydia
      trachomatis was isolated from the pharynx in 3.7% of men and 3.2% of women.
      Recovery of chlamydiae was not associated with the presence of pharyngeal
      symptoms, but in women, but not men, it was associated with a history of oral
      genital sex. The organism was also recovered from the rectum of 5.2% of the
      women. Rectal isolation did not correlate with a history of rectal symptoms or
      rectal sex but did correlate with concurrent genital infection. Infection at
      these sites may be important in the transmission or persistence of C. trachomatis
      infections.

PMID- 3888023
TI  - Insulin-induced lipodystrophy in diabetic patients resolved by treatment with
      human insulin.

PMID- 3888024
TI  - New directions in cardiac imaging.
AB  - Cardiac imaging is among the most commonly used diagnostic techniques in
      cardiovascular medicine. Conventional imaging modes (chest roentgenography,
      echocardiography, radionuclide imaging, and angiography) allow delineation of
      cardiac morphology, coronary anatomy, ventricular and valvular function, and
      cardiac shunts, and permit qualitative evaluation of myocardial perfusion. Four
      new imaging procedures (digital subtraction angiography, rapid acquisition x-ray
      computed tomography, emission computed tomography, and magnetic resonance
      imaging) promise to expand diagnostic capabilities by permitting quantitative
      analysis of myocardial perfusion, evaluation of myocardial metabolism, and
      characterization of cardiac tissue composition. These techniques differ widely in
      cost, availability, and in the additional information they offer. Optimal use
      will be achieved only through carefully controlled comparative clinical trials
      directed at specific diagnostic questions.

PMID- 3888025
TI  - Gypsies and American medical care.
AB  - Gypsies are a cohesive cultural group who may have difficult relations with the
      American medical community. There are several hundred thousand Gypsies in this
      country; they maintain a private society with an internal moral code and legal
      system. There is a strong cultural basis for obesity, tobacco use, fatty diet,
      and inbreeding among Gypsies. These traits predispose them to hypertension,
      diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and occlusive vascular disease. When ill they present a
      striking dichotomy of primitive fears of disease process with surprising
      sophistication for medical terms and the workings of the hospital hierarchy.
      Specific recommendations are made for more effective and compassionate relations
      with Gypsy patients.

PMID- 3888026
TI  - Immunotherapy of type I diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3888027
TI  - The physician, rationing, and medical care in the Veterans Administration.

PMID- 3888028
TI  - A new use for sodium hyaluronate (Healon) in penetrating keratoplasty.
AB  - Sodium hyaluronate (Healon) is injected into the well of a disposable corneal
      trephine to facilitate earlier protection of the donor endothelium during corneal
      transplantation.

PMID- 3888029
TI  - Lateral lid lysis for medial lid and medial canthus lacerations.
AB  - Techniques are now being used to provide adequate healing time for medial lid and
      medial canthal full-thickness lacerations. Lateral upper and lower lid lysis
      allows the needed extended period of healing.

PMID- 3888030
TI  - Otospongiosis and sodium fluoride. A blind experimental and clinical evaluation
      of the effect of sodium fluoride treatment in patients with otospongiosis.
AB  - The effect of sodium fluoride treatment in patients with otospongiosis has been
      evaluated blindly in a morphological and microchemical element analysis of
      otospongiotic specimens together with a prospective clinical double-blind,
      placebo-controlled study. The results show that using the calcium/phosphorus
      ratio as an indication for bone maturity, the sodium fluoride treatment can
      stabilize otospongiotic lesions in retaining calcium relative to phosphorus. The
      clinical double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 95 patients showed a
      statistically significant worse deterioration of the hearing loss in the placebo
      group than in the active treated (40 mg sodium fluoride daily) group, supporting
      the view that sodium fluoride can change otospongiotic, active lesions to more
      dense, inactive otosclerotic lesions. We have postulated in the past that the
      actual mechanism of the cochlear loss is toxic enzymes produced by histiocytes at
      the periphery of the microfoci, and it may be that sodium fluoride has some
      effect on these enzymes.

PMID- 3888031
TI  - Effect of a middle ear immune response on inner ear antibody levels.
AB  - The effect of a middle ear immune response upon antibody levels in the
      perilymphatic compartment of the inner ear was investigated in the guinea pig.
      Animals were systemically sensitized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and
      bovine serum albumin (BSA) until high circulating levels were achieved. The
      middle ear cavity was then challenged with KLH, resulting in a vigorous immune
      response with effusion and mucosal inflammation. Antibody levels against KLH and
      BSA were then compared in serum, middle ear effusions, and perilymph. Anti-KLH
      levels in perilymph were found to increase substantially during middle ear
      response to challenge, while the anti-BSA levels did not, indicating a local
      origin for the anti-KLH antibody. The most likely explanations for these findings
      are inner ear antibody originated in the middle ear and diffused across the round
      window membrane, or antigen diffused across the round window membrane and evoked
      local production of antibody within the inner ear.

PMID- 3888032
TI  - Inhibition of wound contraction: comparison of full-thickness skin grafts,
      Biobrane, and aspartate membranes.
AB  - The mechanism by which open wounds contract is unknown. Although myofibroblasts
      are implicated in this natural process of wound healing, the evidence, however
      convincing, is only circumstantial. Control of wound contraction has been sought
      for many years, but only the application of full-thickness skin grafts is able to
      produce safe and effective clinical results. By comparing the synthetic skin
      substitute Biobrane and its component parts with full-thickness skin grafts in a
      rat wound model, we have demonstrated that dermis is not required for inhibition
      of wound contraction. We postulate that physical properties of skin and its
      synthetic analogues, including adherence to the wound surface, may be the signals
      to the open wound that effectively inhibit contraction. Whether myofibroblasts
      participate in this interaction remains unanswered.

PMID- 3888034
TI  - Objective measurement of hypertrophic burn scar: a preliminary study of tonometry
      and ultrasonography.
AB  - Many people are burned each year and subsequently develop hypertrophic burn
      scars. An objective means for quantitatively measuring scar characteristics would
      be useful in monitoring resolution of the individual patient's scars as well as
      in evaluating different treatment protocols. Two methods for quantitative
      measurement of hypertrophic scars were evaluated in 4 patients at 8 scar sites
      over a 2-month period. A specially designed tonometer, the cicatrometer, assesses
      scar firmness and pliability. It is shown to provide a simple noninvasive means
      for objectively evaluating the progress of scar maturation and therapy. High
      resolution ultrasonic scanning is shown to provide an objective, quantitative
      measurement of hypertrophic scar thickness, which can be compared between
      patients. This allows for the design of controlled trials comparing different
      treatment protocols.

PMID- 3888033
TI  - Cultured myofibroblasts: a useful model to study wound contraction and
      pathological contracture.
AB  - From both human and animal tissues, myofibroblasts can be successfully cultured
      in vitro through multiple passages. As compared with cultured fibroblasts from
      control tissues, early passage myofibroblasts have slower growth cycles, as is
      typical of highly differentiated cells. Also in early passage, differences
      between myofibroblasts and fibroblasts in tissue culture in vivo can be
      preserved. Late passage animal studies suggest dedifferentiation in both
      morphology and growth cycle rate. As indicated by our data, which have been
      discussed in detail in our previous investigations, we believe that further
      studies may help to define how such dedifferentiation occurs and may determine
      ways to do so clinically. However, such control attempts must take into account
      the heterogeneity of myofibroblast and fibroblast populations which these studies
      have identified.

PMID- 3888035
TI  - Circulating toxins in human disease: a viable concept?
AB  - Many clinical and biological effects have been attributed to the presence of
      mediators in the general circulation of patients after injury, a major operation,
      or the onset of certain diseases. Often, the term toxin is applied in an attempt
      to describe these circulating mediators. In the discussion that follows,
      cutaneous burn toxin is cited as an example and an opinion is ventured concerning
      the continued acceptance of both the term toxin and the toxic concept in modern
      medicine.

PMID- 3888036
TI  - Primary repair of unilateral cleft lip.
AB  - The author's technique for the primary repair of unilateral cleft lip is
      described, including several improvements made over the last eight years. The
      technique aims at anatomical reconstruction of congenital anomalies of the
      orbicularis oris muscle as well as prevention of developmental disturbance and
      occurrence of deformity after surgical intervention. Cleft lip repair without
      muscle reconstruction may leave a concavity or a lump in the upper lip movement
      because of incomplete continuity of the orbicularis oris. No such result was
      found when muscle reconstruction was performed. In the primary repair of cleft
      lip, reconstruction of the orbicularis oris muscle is vital to preservation of
      good function and appearance of the lips.

PMID- 3888037
TI  - Comparative studies on methods of isolating rat epidermal cells.
AB  - Epidermal basal cells have been prepared using trypsin or dispase to remove the
      epidermal sheet from the skin. In addition, for trypsin, the "immersion method"
      and the "flotation method" have been described. However, there has been no study
      that quantitatively compares these methods using the same animal, making their
      usefulness difficult to evaluate. In this report, comparative studies on these
      methods were undertaken concurrently with newborn and adult rats. The flotation
      method using trypsin was found to be preferable to the immersion method, because
      separation of the epidermal sheet by the former method was easier than by the
      latter. Then, the flotation method using trypsin was compared with the isolation
      method using dispase, and quantitative estimation was made of the yield,
      viability, and the number of attached epidermal cells. The dispase method was
      found to be superior to the trypsin method, especially for cell yield, which was
      about four times as high as with the latter method. Furthermore, cells
      dissociated with dispase showed a higher rate of viability and attachment to
      culture dishes than those done with trypsin. These results clearly demonstrated
      that the dispase method is more useful for preparing epidermal basal cells than
      the trypsin method.

PMID- 3888038
TI  - Reduced capsule formation around soft silicone rubber prostheses coated with
      solid collagen.
AB  - Silicone rubber miniprostheses were coated with solid collagen formed from a
      fibrillar collagen suspension (Zyderm collagen implant) and then implanted
      subcutaneously in rats. There was a reduced amount of capsule formation around
      the coated prostheses, whereas the uncoated control implants all became
      surrounded by normal capsule. At the interface between the collagen coating and
      the surrounding tissue, no capsule formation was seen. At the interface between
      the prosthesis and the collagen coating, no capsule or only slight, locally
      limited, capsule formation was seen. Furthermore, capsule associated with coated
      implants was measurably thinner than that around control implants. When capsule
      appeared around coated implants, it was frequently associated with defects in the
      continuity of the coating. Host cells, fibroblasts, and round cells progressively
      invaded the coatings from the periphery inward, frequently along defects in the
      coating. The difference between coated and control implants became less
      pronounced between 60 and 120 days after implantation, as the amount of intact
      coating decreased. This work supports the hypotheses that the collagen coatings,
      while intact, prevent capsule formation, that the coatings produced by the
      present method are imperfect and are broken down with time, and that the
      disappearance of the coatings results in subsequent capsule formation. These
      hypotheses permit the deduction that development of better, more persistent
      coatings will permit indefinitely prolonged inhibition of capsule formation.

PMID- 3888039
TI  - Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to toxic chemicals. Collection,
      processing, and storage of specimens.
AB  - Exposure to at least 100 different chemicals may be estimated on an individual
      basis from their concentrations in blood or urine. The present document reviews
      sources of error in the collection, processing and storage of specimens for this
      biological monitoring. Physiological factors cause variation in the concentration
      of chemicals in the body fluids. Distribution of water depends on posture.
      Exercise and meals cause changes in blood constituents. The urine output varies
      and, thus, the concentrations of dissolved chemicals change. Many toxic chemicals
      show short half times in the blood; thus, their concentrations depend on the
      timing of the specimen collection. Skin absorption may result in dramatically
      different chemical concentrations in different parts of the circulation. The
      stability of chemicals in the collected specimens is generally limited: chemical
      deterioration, adsorption, precipitation, and evaporation are the main causes of
      losses. For many chemicals, especially for trace elements, contamination of the
      specimen is the overwhelmingly most important source of error. As the range of
      the chemicals measured is wide, the relative importance of the sources of error
      is different for different chemicals. Information on most chemicals is at present
      very limited. Thus, before commencing a program on biological exposure
      monitoring, it is advisable to search the optimal conditions for specimen
      collection, processing, and storage.

PMID- 3888040
TI  - The clinical course in the periventricular leukomalacia complex.
AB  - Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and classical periventricular leukomalacia
      complex are considered the two most common forms of perinatal anoxic-ischemic
      brain injury. However, recently, a third entity, the periventricular leukomalacia
      complex (PLC) was described and was seen in 31 percent of 61 premature infants
      coming to autopsy from the University of Connecticut Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
      (NBIC) and in several other centers. Periventricular leukomalacia complex
      consists of necrotizing lesions of the periventricular white and grey matter,
      hippocampus and subiculum, cerebellum and basis pontis. The clinical course of
      PLC is similar to that of IVH, but it is important to differentiate PLC as the
      widespread nature of these lesions may lead to a poor neurological outcome.

PMID- 3888041
TI  - Morphological alterations in the lymphoreticular system in acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) manifests a profound deficiency in
      cellular and humoral immunity causing opportunistic infections with high
      mortality. Intensive searching for accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and
      reliable preventions are in progress. Diagnostic findings include
      lymphocytopenia, decreased T-helper/T-suppressor ratio and antibodies against
      human T-lymphotropic retrovirus-III. Specific morphological markers for the
      diagnosis of AIDS are not yet available at this time. Consistent findings in the
      lymphoreticular system include a reactive hyperplasia in the onset to lymphocyte
      depletion in it's advance stage. The frequently mentioned ultrastructural changes
      in lymphoreticular cells are tubulo-reticular structures, test tube and ring
      shaped forms, multivesicular and virus-like particles. These are, however,
      nonspecific for the diagnosis of AIDS.

PMID- 3888042
TI  - Measurement of serum chorionic gonadotropin by a biotin-avidin labeled enzyme
      immunoassay.
AB  - A biotin-avidin enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the measurement of human chorionic
      gonadotropin (hCG) in serum is described. This procedure involves the use of
      specific antibody immobilized on beads, biotin-labeled specific antibody, and
      enzyme-labeled avidin. Reproducible results were achieved within three hours for
      hCG in serum in the range of two mIU/ml to 150 mIU/ml. HCG levels as low as 0.4
      mIU/ml can be measured. The biotin-avidin EIA and two commercially-available
      radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits were used to determine serum hCG levels on a group of
      patient samples. Good agreement was found between the biotin-avidin EIA and the
      RIA methods.

PMID- 3888043
TI  - Altered methionine metabolism and transmethylation in cancer.
AB  - Methionine metabolism and transmethylation are frequently altered in cancer
      cells. The alteration is often expressed as an inability of the cancer cells to
      grow when methionine is replaced by homocysteine in the culture medium, a
      condition that allows the growth of normal cells. This metabolic defect is termed
      methionine dependence. Methionine dependence may reflect an overall imbalance in
      transmethylation which results in the overmethylation of some substances and
      undermethylation of others within cancer cells. Many carcinogens affect various
      stages of methionine/transmethylation metabolism. The ultimate effect of the
      alteration of methionine/transmethylation metabolism may be the disruption of the
      regulation of genes involved in the oncogenic process. The known protective
      effect of methionine against cancer may be due to prevention of altered
      methionine/transmethylation metabolism or compensation of the altered metabolism.

PMID- 3888044
TI  - Long-term bone marrow damage in experimental systems and in patients after
      radiation or chemotherapy.
AB  - Long-term bone marrow damage, characterised by stem, progenitor and stromal cell
      abnormalities is a frequent occurrence after cytotoxic treatments. The relative
      contributions of each of these components are difficult to analyse, especially in
      the case of patients who have received combined chemotherapy. The damage may be
      latent, and not manifested in low numbers of mature functional cells in the
      blood, but may become apparent as an hypoplastic syndrome at later times. Little
      tendency of recovery to normal parameters is seen in experimental animals and in
      patients.

PMID- 3888045
TI  - Molecular and cellular mechanisms of leukemic hemopoietic cell differentiation:
      an analysis of the Friend system.
AB  - Murine erythroleukemia (MEL or Friend) cells grown in culture and induced to
      differentiate into cells resembling orthochromatic normoblasts provide a suitable
      system for uncovering molecular and cellular mechanisms of hemopoiesis and for
      understanding globin gene regulation. Inducer-treated cells undergo an
      irreversible commitment to maturation and accumulate large amounts of hemoglobin.
      Clonal analysis of commitment of individual cells combined with biochemical
      measurements has revealed that MEL cell differentiation is a highly coordinated
      set of events (program) leading to the differentiated erythroid state. The
      developmental program of MEL cells consists of early and late processes. The
      early events appear to be membrane-mediated processes which operate independently
      of each other and lead to commitment to terminal maturation and hemoglobin
      synthesis. Inducer-treated cells express an ability to remember ("memory
      response") previous exposure to inducer and to continue their differentiation
      after discontinuous exposure to inducer; expression of "memory response" occurs
      early in differentiation and affects both the initiation of commitment and
      accumulation of globin mRNA in a similar manner in inducer-treated cells.
      Commitment to maturation appears to be the central process responsible for
      determining the pattern of gene expression, limitation of proliferative activity
      and nuclear condensation. Commitment, however, can occur independently of
      hemoglobin synthesis. Although initiation of commitment is associated with early
      membrane-mediated events (e.g., ion-transport), maintenance and completion of
      maturation erythroid state is a result of a number of cellular processes. These
      processes are discussed in relation to the molecular and cellular mechanisms of
      initiation and completion of MEL cell differentiation. The role of the MEL system
      as a model for studying mouse and human globin gene regulation is presented.

PMID- 3888046
TI  - Hormone stimulation and chemotherapy in advanced prostate cancer: preliminary
      results of a prospective controlled clinical trial.
AB  - Preliminary evidence suggests that the sensitivity of endocrine-dependent
      neoplasms to chemotherapy may be enhanced by transient hormonal stimulation of
      tumor growth. To test this concept, we are conducting a prospective controlled
      trial in men with stage D2 prostate cancer who have relapsed following
      orchiectomy. All patients are continuously treated with aminoglutethimide and
      hydrocortisone to lower adrenal androgen secretion plus cyclic chemotherapy.
      Patients in the stimulation arm receive, in addition, the synthetic androgen
      fluoxymesterone for 3 days before and on the day of chemotherapy. Of 41 patients
      entered to date, 26 are evaluable. Twenty-one (81%) obtained either an objective
      remission or stabilization of disease with a mean duration of 9+ months and 10
      patients still responding. Thus far, the response rate is similar in the control
      and stimulation groups. Androgen administration was associated with a rise in
      acid phosphatase and usually a modest flare of symptoms except for 2 patients who
      developed spinal cord compression. These preliminary data indicate that the
      combination of aminoglutethimide and chemotherapy has a potent antitumor effect
      on advanced prostate cancer refractory to orchiectomy. A large number of patients
      and a longer follow up are needed to assess whether transient androgen
      administration potentiates the effect of chemotherapy.

PMID- 3888047
TI  - Characterisation of a cell line from a human lung lymphosarcoma. Abundance of
      vimentin-type intermediate filaments.
AB  - A cell line (HCL82) was established from a human lung lymphosarcoma. Cells
      exhibited a stable phenotype and remained nearly diploid with a modal chromosome
      number of 45-48, showing no significant aberrations. Cultures consisted of single
      elongated cells and irregular colonies. Ultrastructurally, mitochondria, golgi
      complexes, and large bundles of intermediate filaments were well developed; some
      cells contained virus-like particles. Filaments were composed of vimentin
      identified by immunofluorescence and gel electrophoresis. Reaction with
      monoclonal antibody OKT4 suggested a close relationship to T-helper cells. Cells
      did grow at clonal density but did not form tumors in nude mice.

PMID- 3888048
TI  - Nonoperative management of biliary obstruction.
AB  - Nonoperative therapy of biliary obstruction is a viable alternative to surgical
      therapy, particularly in patients with malignant obstruction, in whom prognosis
      is generally poor. Radiologic techniques can now define the extent and etiology
      of biliary obstruction, provide palliative drainage, and allow derivative
      nonoperative procedures to be performed. This chapter provides an introduction to
      the role the interventional radiologist may play in the therapy of patients with
      obstructive jaundice.

PMID- 3888049
TI  - Does kidney infection cause renal failure?
AB  - Our current knowledge of the long-term outcome of uncomplicated urinary tract
      infections in women is based on several things: a reevaluation of the criteria
      for defining pyelonephritis at autopsy, careful description of the causes of
      renal disease among patients entering dialysis and transplant programs, long-term
      observation of patients, and epidemiologic studies attempting to determine the
      association of bacteriuria with mortality. The weight of the evidence favors the
      conclusion that, although urinary tract infections can severely impair renal
      function, this is rare in the absence of a major predisposing factor such as
      obstruction, calculus, reflux, abnormalities of the voiding mechanism, or
      diabetes. The predisposing lesions, however, may go undetected until heralded by
      episodes of acute pyelonephritis or by renal failure. Unfortunately, urinary
      tract infections are so common that it is difficult to distinguish the population
      at greatest risk. The possible role of renal damage produced by autoimmune
      mechanisms following infection needs continued study.

PMID- 3888050
TI  - The adult respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - The Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome is a complication of many illnesses such
      as sepsis, pneumonia and trauma afflicting over 150,000 patients per year. While
      progress in intensive care medicine has increased the survival rates in many of
      these underlying illnesses, major obstacles remain in the successful therapy of
      ARDS. Animal and human investigations shed light on the pathophysiology of the
      illness that is allowing researchers to formulate promising new treatment
      strategies.

PMID- 3888051
TI  - Elastase in tissue injury.
AB  - This article surveys elastinolytic proteinases in man, excluding enzymes of the
      pancreas and digestive tract. Special emphasis is placed on the elastase of
      polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). The properties of this latter enzyme, its
      target molecules in plasma and connective tissues, and its endogenous regulators
      are briefly discussed. Persistent activity of the enzyme, even in the presence of
      its regulatory inhibitors, is explained. The chapter closes with a brief
      discussion of several pulmonary diseases in which elastase-mediated tissue injury
      is thought to play a role.

PMID- 3888052
TI  - Neutrophil specific granule deficiency.
AB  - Neutrophil specific granules are thought to be important in the evolution of the
      inflammatory response. Specific granules are preferentially released with minor
      membrane perturbation in vitro or in vivo, and secreted products probably have
      important effects on humoral and cellular components of inflammation. In vitro
      studies reveal that some secreted specific granule products activate the
      complement cascade to generate the chemoattractant C5a and the opsonin C3b, while
      other secreted products are selectively chemotactic for monocytes. Translocation
      of receptors for chemoattractants (fmet-leu-phe) and opsonins (C3bi) from
      specific granules or closely related organelles to the plasma membrane may play
      an important role in chemotaxis, adherence, and phagocytosis. Similar
      translocation of constituents of the electron transport chain involved in the
      respiratory burst (i.e. cytochrome b) probably plays a role in neutrophil
      oxidative metabolism and hydrogen peroxide generation. In vivo and in vitro
      studies of neutrophils from patients with congenital specific granule deficiency,
      acquired specific granule deficiency (thermal injury and neonates), or normal
      neutrophils experimentally depleted of nuclei and organelles support these
      conclusions. Thus, release of specific granule constituents appears to be
      important for amplification of the initial and subsequent phases of the
      inflammatory response.

PMID- 3888053
TI  - Diagnosis and management of hereditary hemochromatosis.
AB  - Hereditary hemochromatosis is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner with
      partial biochemical expression in heterozygotes. A high percentage of saturation
      of serum transferrin is the hallmark of the disorder, and serum ferritin
      concentration gives an approximate estimation of the size of iron stores. Hepatic
      computed tomography, magnetic susceptometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance
      provide new noninvasive ways of determining hepatic iron content, but chemical
      estimation of iron in a percutaneous liver biopsy specimen remains the mainstay
      of diagnosis. Once a proband is identified, transferrin saturation and serum
      ferritin are used to screen family members and HLA typing is employed selectively
      to detect homozygotes at risk. Removal of excess body iron and maintenance of
      normal iron stores by repeated venesection arrests tissue injury and prolongs
      survival.

PMID- 3888054
TI  - Pathophysiology and immunology of giardiasis.

PMID- 3888055
TI  - Perfluorochemical emulsion oxygen transport fluids: a clinical review.
AB  - Perfluorochemical liquids are inert, immiscible in water, and have approximately
      20 times the solubility for oxygen and carbon dioxide as does water. When
      emulsified in a normal saline solution, they can act as an oxygen-transporting
      resuscitation fluid. Fluosol-DA 20% is the first perfluorochemical emulsion to be
      studied clinically. It can supplement oxygen transport in anemic patients, but no
      control study has as yet determined its clinical effectiveness.

PMID- 3888056
TI  - Alternatives to ileostomy after colectomy for inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - Proctocolectomy and Brooke ileostomy have long been the standard surgical
      procedure for patients with refractory ulcerative colitis or colonic Crohn's
      disease. Ileorectal anastomosis, ileoanal anastomosis, the continent ileostomy,
      and the continent ostomy valve are now being used in selected patients as options
      to the Brooke ileostomy. The indications for and advantages of these procedures
      and their potential disadvantages and contraindications are discussed in this
      chapter.

PMID- 3888057
TI  - Pathophysiology and treatment of sleep apnea.
AB  - The sleep apnea syndromes have attracted the interest of physicians and
      scientists in many different disciplines because the disorders involve the
      physiology of sleep, the control of respiration, the function of the upper
      airway, and the clinical sequelae upon cardiac, pulmonary, and psychological
      function. Over the eight years since this subject was last reviewed here (1), the
      pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea has become better understood. A
      variety of new treatments are now available. However, our clinical knowledge of
      the syndrome and its natural history have changed little. The high prevalence of
      these syndromes and related disorders such as snoring is only beginning to be
      apparent. This chapter reviews current understanding of these syndromes, with
      particular emphasis on recent advances, and highlights questions for future
      investigation. First, we consider normal upper airway function and the control of
      breathing during sleep. Then, we apply this information to a consideration of the
      pathophysiology, clinical features, and treatment of sleep apnea syndromes.

PMID- 3888058
TI  - Venous thrombogenesis.
AB  - The various factors that may be responsible for converting fluid blood into
      stasis thrombi in the deep veins of the legs are reviewed in relation to some
      recent experimental data. While stasis promotes the passage of white blood cells
      through the vascular endothelium, such emigration does not by itself lead to
      subsequent thrombus formation. Similarly, mechanical crushing of the vein, with
      exposure of the subendothelium, is not associated with fibrin deposition, and
      appears to be a relatively poor thrombogenic stimulus. In contrast, trace amounts
      of an activated clotting factor, combined with local stasis, produce venous
      thrombi within minutes.

PMID- 3888059
TI  - Psychological predisposition to life-threatening arrhythmias.
AB  - Studies of the circumstances preceding the onset of life-threatening ventricular
      arrhythmias suggest that intense or unusual emotional states, often involving
      anger, are associated with arrhythmia onset in approximately 20% of the cases.
      These observations shed light on the possible role of psychological factors in
      the pathogenesis of sudden cardiac death.

PMID- 3888060
TI  - Genetic aspects of infantile autism.
AB  - Infantile autism probably has many etiologies. Several specific genetic disorders
      appear to be associated with the syndrome much more often than would be expected
      by chance, but these account for only a minority of cases. In the majority of
      cases, where etiology is still unknown, genetic factors probably also play a
      role. Evidence suggests, however, that it is not autism per se that is inherited,
      but less severe abnormalities of language and cognition, which in turn lead to a
      predisposition to the development of autism in infants.

PMID- 3888061
TI  - The LeVeen shunt.
AB  - Ascites is the end result when the rate of conversion of plasma to peritoneal
      fluid exceeds the rate of reabsorption from the peritoneal cavity. Physiologic
      therapy demands the return of this fluid to the plasma volume from whence it
      arose. The peritoneovenous shunt was devised to accomplish this. If precautionary
      measures are followed, complications are avoided. The shunt can be accomplished
      with a mortality under 1% in uncomplicated cirrhosis without jaundice or
      hydrothorax. Postoperative coagulopathy and infection are avoidable
      complications. Shunt failure is partly preventable and can almost always be
      remedied. Patients must be carefully followed to prevent late sepsis: care must
      be even more rigorous than that given to implanted artificial heart valves,
      because of the lower resistance of cirrhotics to infection. The cause of death in
      ascites untreated by shunts is early renal failure that is averted by the shunt.
      The shunt does not prevent rupture of esophageal varices, a frequent mode of late
      mortality. Varices require separate therapy. Because the shunt is effective with
      minimal morbidity and mortality, the indications for a peritoneovenous shunt
      should be liberalized.

PMID- 3888063
TI  - Understanding and promoting smoking cessation: overview and guidelines for
      physician intervention.
AB  - This chapter outlines requirements for quitting smoking successfully, and for
      effective treatments. It presents practical guidelines for physicians and allied
      health care providers with specific recommendations for how to motivate and help
      patients quit "on their own" and how to select more intensive backup treatment if
      needed. Useful guides, references, and resources are suggested, with
      recommendations concerning optimal use of nicotine chewing gum.

PMID- 3888062
TI  - The relation of oncogenesis and cytogenetics in leukemia and lymphoma.
AB  - Recent advances in both molecular biology and cancer cytogenetics have provided
      valuable tools for the study of human oncogenesis. Cellular homologues of viral
      transforming genes (oncogenes) have been mapped to precise sites on human
      chromosomes, many of which are involved in specific chromosome translocations in
      human malignant diseases. Moreover, specific chromosome abnormalities, such as
      the Ph1 chromosome, have diagnostic implications. Sufficient data are now
      available for both acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemia so that the patient's
      response to therapy and survival can be correlated with the karyotype; it was
      also shown that the karyotype of the leukemic cells provides significant
      independent prognostic information. This review summarizes the specific
      translocations of human leukemias and lymphomas, their clinical implications, and
      the cellular oncogenes associated with them. Possible mechanisms of oncogenesis
      and future areas of investigation are also discussed.

PMID- 3888064
TI  - Autoimmunity to islet cells in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Current evidence indicates that Type I diabetes mellitus is a slowly progressive
      autoimmune disease resulting in complete beta-cell destruction in genetically
      susceptible individuals. Histocompatibility region genes are major determinants
      of genetic susceptibility, and more than 90% of Type I individuals express HLA
      alleles DR3 or DR4. Prior to clinical diabetes, islet-cell antibodies and
      activated T lymphocytes are found in conjunction with a slowly progressive loss
      of intravenous glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Present clinical research
      efforts are aimed at detection of susceptible individuals prior to the
      development of diabetes and selective immunotherapy to halt beta-cell
      destruction.

PMID- 3888065
TI  - Intracardiac thrombi and systemic thromboembolism: detection, incidence, and
      treatment.
AB  - The detection of thrombus in the left atrium is discussed in this chapter, along
      with the problem of arterial thromboembolism in patients with valvular heart
      disease and prosthetic heart valves. The detection and occurrence of thrombus
      within the left ventricle are considered, as is the frequency of thromboembolism
      in acute myocardial infarction, left ventricular aneurysm, and cardiomyopathy.
      Treatment recommendations are given for each of these medical problems.

PMID- 3888066
TI  - Medical implications of shift-work.
AB  - The circadian pacemakers, which time the approximately 24-hour rhythms in sleep
      and wakefulness, neuroendocrine, thermoregulatory, and other body functions,
      resynchronize only slowly after an abrupt phase shift in environmental time cues.
      While the symptoms of jet-lag are transient, the kinds of repeated shifts over a
      number of years experienced by shift-workers on rotating schedules induce sleep
      wake disorders, gastrointestinal pathology, and an increased risk of
      cardiovascular disease. There is significant interindividual variation in the
      ability to adapt and also a deterioration with age. Evidence is accumulating that
      poor adapters present with a Shift Maladaption Syndrome with characteristic
      pathological manifestations.

PMID- 3888067
TI  - The pharmacologic treatment of portal hypertension.
AB  - Surgical procedures that lower portal pressure, such as portacaval shunts,
      prevent variceal hemorrhage. Portal hypertension is the result of increased flow
      and increased resistance in the portal system. Pharmacologic therapy is aimed at
      altering these factors by the use of vasoconstrictors to reduce flow and
      vasodilators to decrease resistance. The current status of pharmacologic agents
      to achieve these effects is reviewed.

PMID- 3888068
TI  - [Average body height of the middle and lower social classes in the middle
      European Germanic settlement area from the early Middle Ages to modern times].
AB  - This paper reviews the body height data of middle and low social classes of North
      and Central European populations from the early Middle Ages until the beginning
      of the 17th century. It is mainly based on anthropological data from the ancient
      Germans, but considers also some historical reports. From the data presented here
      it is seen that the initially rather considerable body heights in these two
      social groups are decreasing during the Middle Ages. This could be observed on
      population samples from the Central German Highlands and from Southern Germany as
      well as on samples from the utmost Western Teutonic settlement: Greenland. The
      reasons for these variations are most likely to be seen in nutritional changes,
      in increasing hard physical work due to the transition to predominating
      agriculture, in biological effects of birthrights, and in deteriorating hygienic
      conditions.

PMID- 3888069
TI  - Inbreeding and matrimonial structure in a Pyrenean community (Anso, Huesca,
      Spain), 1712-1982.
AB  - Using data from parish records from 1712 to 1982 in a Spanish Pyrenean village,
      Anso, the effects of the raw nuptiality, the types of consanguineous marriages
      and the rate and evolution of inbreeding on the mating structure have been
      studied. This structure has been modified in the course of time mostly through
      the secular variations in the frequency of consanguineous marriages. Recent
      inbreeding decrease in Anso is related to the population diminution and cultural
      changes associated with isolate breakdown.

PMID- 3888070
TI  - The apology of a second-class man.

PMID- 3888071
TI  - Transport of carboxylic acids by renal membrane vesicles.

PMID- 3888072
TI  - Transport of metabolic substrates in renal mitochondria.

PMID- 3888073
TI  - Growth and development of gastrointestinal cells.

PMID- 3888074
TI  - Mechanisms for rapid re-epithelialization of the gastric mucosal surface.

PMID- 3888075
TI  - Ontogeny of enzymes in the small intestine.

PMID- 3888076
TI  - Expression of digestive and absorptive function in differentiating enterocytes.

PMID- 3888077
TI  - The role of gap junctions in development.

PMID- 3888078
TI  - Mode of action of pituitary growth hormone on target cells.
AB  - Normal postnatal somatic growth becomes progressively dependent on GH with time.
      In contrast to other hormones, GH is the only hormone known to produce a dose
      dependent stimulation of postnatal growth. Most of the effects attributed to GH
      action appear to be the result of a direct effect of GH on cells in different
      peripheral tissues, including cartilage. In addition to the growth-stimulating
      effect, GH has the intrinsic properties of being able to exert both insulin-like
      and insulin-antagonistic effects in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. These two
      apparently antagonistic effects seem to be explained by the stage of
      responsiveness of the target cells to GH, which is determined by the previous
      influence of endogenous GH. An inhibition of adenylate cyclase with a concomitant
      decrease in intracellular cAMP might be an important early cellular event in the
      course of GH action, but it is not known whether or how this change in nucleotide
      metabolism relates to the various expressed effects of the hormone. The
      recognition that GH directly interacts with chondrocytes in cartilage suggests
      that alterations in the concentration of circulating somatomedins cannot be the
      only factor regulating skeletal growth. The recent discovery by Green and
      coworkers (42) demonstrating that GH specifically stimulates the differentiation
      of cloned preadipose cells and myoblasts in tissue culture may be a major
      breakthrough in the understanding of the mechanism of action of the growth
      promoting effect of GH. Green (42) has proposed that GH directly stimulates
      terminal differentiation of cells in many different tissues including epiphyseal
      plate cartilage. The finding that GH binds specifically to cells in the resting
      cell zone but not to differentiated chondrocytes in the growth plate suggests
      that prechondrocytes in the growth plate are the target cells for GH action. If
      it is correct that GH directly stimulates the differentiation of prechondrocytes,
      we suggest that, during the process of chondrocyte differentiation in the growth
      plate, the genes that code for growth factors of the somatomedin class, such as
      IGF-I, are expressed. As a consequence, the clonal expansion of the chondrocytes
      in the proliferative zone of the growth plate that occurs in vivo during the
      process of normal growth is the result of this local production of growth
      factors.

PMID- 3888079
TI  - The glucose transporter of mammalian cells.
AB  - The glucose transporter is now identified but may have modifications or other
      subunits that control its activity. The kinetics and inhibitor binding studies
      are consistent with the carrier model with different degrees of asymmetry and a
      single binding site that varies in specificity depending on the conformation of
      the protein. The physical structure could actually be quite different from the
      usual diagrams (rocking bananas), however, and could function as a monomer or
      higher oligomer. The binding site, or filter, that gives specificity could be in
      the middle as usually depicted; alternatively it could be entirely on the
      cytoplasmic side, where the protein is trypsin sensitive, and hydrophobic helices
      could span the membrane forming a simple channel. Possible restrictions on
      structures in the membrane from the hydrophobic nature of transmembrane segments
      of membrane proteins (62) may favor a globular domain outside the membrane as the
      binding site. Such speculations will have to await more structural information
      about the transporter.

PMID- 3888080
TI  - Sodium-calcium exchange in plasma membrane vesicles.

PMID- 3888081
TI  - Regulation of mitochondrial activity in cardiac cells.
AB  - Mitochondria contain four distinct compartments and a selectively permeable inner
      membrane. These compartments provide an important means of regulation of
      mitochondrial activity via various carrier and translocase activities.
      Nutritional substrates derived from glucose, fatty acids, and branched chain
      amino acids are utilized by mitochondria in a tightly controlled manner. This
      control is provided by the specific dehydrogenase enzymes and carnitine related
      reactions and is dependent on cellular needs for energy and availability of
      various substrates. Several possible in vivo controllers of mitochondrial
      respiration exist. In this review we have examined: the dependence of
      mitochondrial function on oxygen availability, the cellular phosphate potential,
      and the adenine nucleotide translocase activity; the role of adenosine as the
      regulator of coronary flow providing a link to mitochondrial metabolism; the
      importance of the creatine-phosphate shuttle and the existence of separate
      mitochondrial and myofibrillar creatine-kinase enzymes; and the physiologically
      important mechanisms of the regulation of mitochondrial metabolic activity in the
      heart.

PMID- 3888082
TI  - Annual rhythms.

PMID- 3888083
TI  - Nucleotide metabolism of platelets.

PMID- 3888084
TI  - Respiratory control and the integration of heart high-energy phosphate metabolism
      by mitochondrial creatine kinase.
AB  - This review has attempted to integrate three areas of cellular bioenergetics to
      present a novel and comprehensive view of heart high-energy phosphate metabolism.
      The goal has been to provide a rational view for the functions of
      phosphocreatine, creatine, and creatine kinase in the energy metabolism of
      muscle. The first point is that mitochondrial respiratory control is influenced
      by changes in the concentration of ADP, stimulating the adenine nucleotide
      translocase and oxidative phosphorylation. Secondly, as a consequence of the
      proximity of mitochondrial creatine kinase to the translocase, there appears to
      be a kinetic preference for ADP generated by the forward creatine kinase
      reaction. As a result, in heart, it can be viewed that the end product of
      oxidative phosphorylation is phosphocreatine. Finally, thermodynamic
      considerations suggest that phosphocreatine plays a major role to maintain or
      buffer the ATP content of the myocardium. Under conditions of increased ATP
      turnover, large-scale increases in the concentration of ADP, along with major
      decreases in ATP, are minimized by the creatine kinase equilibrium. The system
      responds to such a demand with substantial changes in phosphocreatine and
      creatine, which can kinetically increase the rate of mitochondrial creatine
      kinase and thus oxidative phosphorylation. Theoretical enzymologists have long
      argued whether enzymes are under kinetic or thermodynamic control. Heart creatine
      kinase may be a unique example where both types of control simultaneously operate
      in different microenvironments, with mitochondrial creatine kinase kinetically
      controlled, while the sarcoplasmic isozyme is influenced by equilibrium
      thermodynamics. Overall, heart creatine kinase may be a unique example of "kineto
      dynamic" metabolic integration.

PMID- 3888085
TI  - Histological preservation and ultrastructure of alveolar surfactant.
AB  - We have discussed the three-dimensional structure of lamellar bodies as visible
      intracellular storage sites of surfactant. Among the intraalveolar structures,
      tubular myelin, a liquid crystal, represents a large aggregate of surfactant
      lipids and proteins of still-unclear significance. Elaborate fixation methods
      permit visualization in situ of localized pools of fluid that sometimes extend
      laterally, covering small areas of the alveolar surface.

PMID- 3888086
TI  - Synthesis of surfactant lipids in the adult lung.

PMID- 3888087
TI  - Composition and metabolism of the apolipoproteins of pulmonary surfactant.

PMID- 3888088
TI  - Intracellular processing of surfactant lipids in the lung.

PMID- 3888089
TI  - Developmental aspects of lung lipids.
AB  - From this review, it is evident that multiple maternal/fetal endogenous or
      completely exogenous factors have been associated with the complex process
      regulating fetal lung development. Recent in vitro experiments with human fetal
      lung explants are especially noteworthy and may establish a perspective for
      future research. Snyder et al (108) and Medelson et al (74) have found that lung
      explants from 16-22-week abortuses show differentiated type II cells and
      augmented PC synthesis within 4 days of culture, rather than the minimum 10- to
      15-week period expected in utero. Such a phenomenon is reminiscent of the usual
      time for clinical recovery from uncomplicated RDS (34). Thus, although expression
      of the genes influencing lung surfactant phospholipid synthesis and related
      biochemical processes normally occurs relatively late in gestation, the potential
      for biochemical differentiation is clearly present in earlier stages. It appears
      then that the "programming" of the fetal lung for maturation is not absolute but
      may be altered under certain influences. Whether the advent of lung biochemical
      maturation occurs as a result of release from inhibition, as the human lung
      explant data imply, or occurs in response to stimuli, as suggested by exogenous
      corticosteroid effects, remains to be clarified and is a very challenging
      scientific problem. It will also be of great interest to define further other
      biochemical regulators, such as fibroblast pneumocyte factor, that may play an
      important role in fetal lung maturation.

PMID- 3888090
TI  - Metabolic substrates, cellular energy production, and the regulation of proximal
      tubular transport.

PMID- 3888091
TI  - Perioperative prevention of infection in genitourinary surgery.

PMID- 3888092
TI  - Perioperative prevention of infection in neurosurgery.

PMID- 3888093
TI  - Perioperative prevention of infection in abdominal surgery.

PMID- 3888094
TI  - Perioperative antibiotics for hysterectomy.

PMID- 3888095
TI  - [Role of the conjugative transfer of R-plasmids in competitive interactions
      between plasmid-containing and plasmid-free strains of Escherichia coli in
      continuous culture].
AB  - Competition of the plasmid-containing strain C600 (RP4) (pBS94) of E. coli and
      the plasmid-free strain C600 rifr of E. coli in chemostatic and pH-static
      continuous cultures resulted in displacement of the plasmid-free strain in spite
      of its higher specific growth rate. Conjugative transfer of RP4 and pBS94
      plasmids into the cells of the plasmid-free strain was observed in the
      experiments. Competition of strains C600 (pBS94) (RP4 Tra-) and C600 rifr in the
      chemostatic culture in the absence of the plasmid conjugative transfer resulted
      in displacement of the plasmid-containing strain from the population, while in
      the pH-static culture, the initial ratio of the plasmid-containing and plasmid
      free bacteria was preserved. The conjugative transfer of the plasmids lowered the
      number of the plasmid-free cells in the population and might be considered as a
      factor stabilizing the plasmids in the bacterial population of the continuous
      cultures.

PMID- 3888096
TI  - [Experience with long-term preservation of international-standard cultures of
      Actinomycetes].
AB  - The results of the study on long-term maintenance (1-12 years) of 453 reference
      cultures of actinomycetes are presented. The cultures were maintained with the
      following methods: lyophilization, soil cultures and periodical passages on
      agarized nutrient media. Lyophilization was most efficient for storage of the
      majority of the cultures: 346 strains (77.4 per cent) preserved high viability
      over the observation period of 11-12 years. Lyophilization appeared less
      favourable for the cultures with low sporulation. The efficacy of the method of
      soil cultures on long-term storage of the whorl actinomycetes was low: 88 per
      cent of Streptoverticillium lost their viability within 1-2 years. However, this
      method was valuable for stabilization of the taxonomic features of
      streptomycetes. The maintenance of the actinomycetes by regular passages on
      agarized media every 6 months resulted in the changing of the cultural and
      morphological features in a number of the strains.

PMID- 3888097
TI  - [Various trends and prospects of development of the science of antibiotics].

PMID- 3888098
TI  - [Conditions for the standardization of the process of cephalosporin
      biosynthesis].
AB  - Dependence of the final results of cephalosporin biosynthesis on the parameters
      of the operating conditions and the design of fermentors was shown. The value of
      the specific power input for agitation had a significant effect on the
      biosynthetic process. An equation for estimating the final results of the
      biosynthetic process by the values of the operating conditions and the fermentor
      design parameters is presented.

PMID- 3888099
TI  - [A dynamic system for the in vitro study of the kinetics of the antimicrobial
      effect of antibiotics in pharmacokinetic changes in their concentration].
AB  - The present approaches to in vitro investigation of the kinetics of the
      antibiotic antimicrobial effect are based on its recording at one or another
      constant concentration of the drugs. The regularities revealed under such
      conditions do not usually reflect the peculiar effect of the drugs in vivo, since
      with the use of the routine schemes of dosing the drug levels in the body fluids
      always vary. For investigation of the kinetics of the antimicrobial effect of
      antibiotics at their varying levels, a universal dynamic system providing in
      vitro simulation of the pharmacokinetic profiles of the drugs in blood and
      tissues was developed. The system is based on the controlled dilution of the
      medium containing an antibiotic and microbial cells. the dynamic system allows
      simulation of any kinetic profile of the drugs with regard to the constants of
      the linear pharmacokinetic N-compartmental model. The trial of the dynamic system
      as applied to the antimicrobial effect of sisomicin on strain A 20 363 of E. coli
      revealed significant differences in the effect of the drug, when its
      bioexponential pharmacokinetic profile was simulated in a one-compartmental model
      with exponential absorption and a constant concentration of the antibiotic. The
      check determinations of the antibiotic concentration in the main flask of the
      system showed that the system provided high accuracy simulation of the required
      antibiotic levels.

PMID- 3888100
TI  - [An immunoenzyme method of determining benzylpenicillin in biological substrates
      and its antibodies in immunized animals].
AB  - Lately it appeared to be necessary to develop-alternative methods for control of
      antibiotic therapy. Detection of low molecular substances based on the
      immunoenzymatic assay (IEA) is one of the most promising approaches to the
      development of such methods. The authors developed a quantitative method for
      determination of benzylpenicillin (BP) according to the procedure described
      earlier by Van Weemen. The BP antisera were prepared by immunization of rabbits
      with a conjugate of bovine serum albumin. The gamma-globulin fraction isolated
      from the antisera was conjugated with peroxidase. The working dilution of the
      conjugate was determined by the chess titration method. The test system of
      competitive binding developed by the authors provides detection of BP in the
      biological fluids in concentrations of 0.1 to 0.0001 microgram/ml (by BP dry
      weight).

PMID- 3888102
TI  - Ribavirin small-particle aerosol treatment of infections caused by influenza
      virus strains A/Victoria/7/83 (H1N1) and B/Texas/1/84.
AB  - In a double-blind study of influenza in a population of college students in 1984,
      ribavirin small-particle aerosol treatment of 38 patients (18 treated, 20
      control) infected with a new antigenic variant, influenza virus strain
      A/Victoria/7/83 (H1N1), was associated with statistically significant reductions
      in the height and duration of fever, systemic symptoms, and virus shedding.
      Patients received a total of 2.4 g of ribavirin over 42 h during 68 h of
      hospitalization without any side effects. In addition, in a study of patients
      infected with influenza virus strain B/Texas/1/84 (seven treated, eight control)
      treated with ribavirin aerosol showed a trend of more rapid recovery than control
      patients.

PMID- 3888101
TI  - Clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid.
AB  - Forty-three hospitalized patients were treated with a new antibiotic combination
      containing ticarcillin plus the beta-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanic acid, in a
      fixed combination for intravenous use. A variety of infections were treated,
      including pneumonia, bacteremia, urinary tract infection, and osteomyelitis. Of
      50 episodes of infection in 43 patients, 44 clinical cures were obtained, with 5
      patients improving and 1 patient failing to respond to treatment. In vitro
      susceptibility testing of 101 clinical isolates was notable for the rarity of
      resistance to the combination antibiotic. Of specific interest, all 14 isolates
      of Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid,
      whereas only 2 of the 14 isolates were susceptible to ticarcillin alone. Adverse
      reactions to the study drug were minimal; eosinophilia, unaccompanied by other
      allergic phenomena, and oral candidiasis were most frequent. Overall, the
      combination of ticarcillin with the beta-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanic acid,
      appears to be a safe and effective drug for the treatment of infections caused by
      susceptible organisms.

PMID- 3888103
TI  - Establishment of MICs of moxalactam for control and reference anaerobic organisms
      in agar dilution and microdilution techniques.
AB  - The MICs of moxalactam were determined for eight National Committee for Clinical
      Laboratory Standards control and reference strains and for Fusobacterium
      nucleatum ATCC 10953 by agar and microdilution techniques. The recommended MIC
      for the control strain Bacteroides fragilis in both agar and microdilution tests
      is 0.5 micrograms/ml. Recommended MICs for Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ATCC
      29741 and Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124 by agar dilution are 8 and 0.063
      micrograms/ml, respectively. These two strains gave inconsistent results in
      microdilution tests. Variation in results with microdilution procedures was seen,
      which illustrates problems in reading endpoints and with modifications of media.
      Recommended MICs for the reference strains are presented.

PMID- 3888104
TI  - Beating the stress connection. Self-hypnosis.

PMID- 3888105
TI  - Carbohydrate ingestion, hypoglycemia, and obesity.

PMID- 3888106
TI  - Carbohydrate's effect on hunger and obesity: commentary on Geiselman and Novin
      (1982).

PMID- 3888107
TI  - Appetite, hunger and obesity as a function of dietary sugar intake: can these
      effects be mediated by insulin-induced hypoglycemia? A reply to commentaries.

PMID- 3888108
TI  - Effect of pH, temperature, and potassium sorbate on amino acid uptake in
      Salmonella typhimurium 7136.
AB  - The effect of sorbate on L-serine and L-histidine uptake in Salmonella
      typhimurium was studied at various pH levels, temperatures, and amino acid and
      sorbate concentrations. Low pH had an apparent synergistic effect on amino acid
      uptake inhibition caused by sorbate. The relationship between sorbate
      concentration and the amount of amino acid uptake inhibition was not linear.
      Compared with L-histidine, L-serine uptake was more sensitive to changes in pH,
      temperature, and sorbate concentration. Various degrees of amino acid uptake
      inhibition by sorbate may be related to differences between amino acid transport
      systems. The results of this study suggest that sorbate acts as a noncompetitive
      inhibitor of amino acid uptake in S. typhimurium.

PMID- 3888110
TI  - Only part of the protoxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. berliner 1715 is
      necessary for insecticidal activity.
AB  - Escherichia coli strains harboring deletion mutations of the insecticidal
      protoxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. berliner 1715 were constructed.
      Although these strains did not produce intact protoxin, cell extracts from one of
      the mutants were extremely toxic to tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) larvae,
      indicating that only a part of the protoxin gene is required for insecticidal
      activity.

PMID- 3888109
TI  - Isolation, characterization, and serotyping of Campylobacter jejuni and
      Campylobacter coli from slaughter cattle.
AB  - A total of 525 specimens from 100 slaughter beef cattle were examined for the
      presence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli by direct plating and
      enrichment techniques. Isolates were identified by cultural, biochemical,
      antibiotic sensitivity, and immunofluorescence tests and further characterized
      with the aid of recently developed biotyping and serotyping methods. Fifty
      animals were positive for C. jejuni; only one was positive for C. coli. The
      distribution pattern of C. jejuni-positive animals, in decreasing order, was
      steers (55%), bulls (40%), heifers (40%), and cows (22%). Significantly higher
      isolation rates were obtained from the gall bladders (33%), large intestines
      (35%), and small intestines (31%) than from the livers (12%) or the lymph nodes
      (1.4%). C. jejuni isolation by the enrichment technique was 40.2% more frequent
      than by direct plating; 24-h enrichment resulted in 24% more isolations than 48-h
      enrichment. Eighty-four of 105 C. jejuni cultures were typable serologically and
      represented 13 serogroups. Biotype I accounted for 71% of biotyped cultures.
      Serogroup 7 biotype I was the most commonly encountered (24%) isolate. About one
      in three positive animals had C. jejuni strains representing more than one
      serogroup. C. jejuni serogroups encountered in slaughter cattle were similar to
      those commonly isolated from human sources.

PMID- 3888111
TI  - Inactivation of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Baculovirus subgroup A) by
      monochromatic UV radiation.
AB  - Monochromatic radiation at wavelengths of 290, 300, 310, and 320 nm inactivated
      occluded nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia
      pseudotsugata (McDunnough). Data indicate that all of the wavelengths are capable
      of causing virus inactivation; much greater fluences are needed for virus
      inactivation as the wavelength increases.

PMID- 3888112
TI  - Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of pectinase genes of Erwinia
      carotovora subsp. carotovora.
AB  - Genes coding for an endo-pectate lyase, an exo-pectate lyase, and an
      endopolygalacturonase of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora Ecc71 were cloned
      in Escherichia coli HB101, using the cosmid pHC79. The products of the cloned
      pectinase genes paralleled their counterparts in strain Ecc71 in isoelectric
      mobility, mode of substrate degradation, and ability to macerate potato tuber
      tissue.

PMID- 3888113
TI  - Partial amino acid sequences of botulinum neurotoxins types B and E.
AB  - Clostridium botulinum type E neurotoxin, a single-chain protein of Mr 147,000,
      was purified and subjected to amino acid sequencing. The same was done for single
      chain botulinum type B neurotoxin (Mr 152,000), and for the heavy and light
      chains (Mr 104,000 and 51,000 respectively) derived from type B by limited
      trypsin digestion. Twelve to eighteen residues were identified and the following
      conclusions were drawn: The light chain of the nicked (dichain) type B is derived
      from the N-terminal one-third of the single-chain (unnicked) parent neurotoxin;
      sequence homologies are present between single-chain types B and E and the light
      chain of the nicked type A [J. J. Schmidt, V. Sathyamoorthy, and B. R. DasGupta
      (1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 119, 900-904]; the N-terminal regions of
      the heavy chains of types A and B have some structural similarity; and activation
      of type B neurotoxin cannot involve removal of amino acids or peptides from the N
      terminus.

PMID- 3888114
TI  - Two modes of amber codon read-through in vitro.
AB  - Read-through translation of bacteriophage R17 amB2 coat cistron carrying an amber
      mutation at the seventh codon was studied in vitro using the crude cell extract
      (S30) derived from an Escherichia coli nonsuppressor strain. Despite the presence
      of termination factors as well as ribosome-releasing factor (RRF) which prevent
      the read-through translation [M. Ryoji, J. W. Karpen, and A. Kaji (1981) J. Biol.
      Chem. 256, 5798-5801], synthesis of coat-like protein still persists at a low
      level in this system. Characterization of this protein by peptide fingerprinting
      and amino acid sequencing was performed to reexamine the generally accepted
      notion that it is produced by amino acid misinsertion to the amber mutation
      codon. The results indicated, however, that the major population of this coat
      like protein is produced as a result of reinitiation of translation from the
      eighth codon. Read-through by amino acid misinsertion in this system becomes
      predominant only when the Mg2+ concentration is higher than 16 mM.

PMID- 3888115
TI  - Characteristic [3H]glucosamine-labeled glycoproteins in two-dimensional
      electrophoretograms of human renal cancer cells: identification as cathepsin D.
AB  - Two-dimensional electrophoretograms of extracts of [3H]glucosamine-labeled human
      renal cancer cells demonstrated a series of components (Mr 48,000 and 30,000)
      that are only poorly expressed in similarly labeled normal kidney epithelial cell
      cultures [S. Ogata, R. Ueda, and K. O. Lloyd (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA 78,
      770-774]. These characteristics are also exhibited by [3H]Man-labeled samples and
      by concanavalin A-binding glycoproteins from [35S]Met-labeled cells. It is now
      shown that these species are the precursor chain (Mr 48,000) and native heavy
      chain (Mr 30,000) forms of the lysosomal enzyme, cathepsin D. These results were
      obtained by precipitation with a specific anti-cathepsin D serum and by binding
      of the components to pepstatin-Sepharose. Cathepsin D heavy chain is
      heterogeneous, having three major species with pI's of 5.7, 5.3, and 4.9; all
      forms are glycosylated with high mannose-type chains [approximate size:
      Man5(GlcNAc)2] and are partially phosphorylated. Despite these indications of
      dissimilarities in cathepsin D levels, the actual levels of total acid protease
      activity were not significantly higher in renal cancer cells than in normal
      kidney epithelial cells.

PMID- 3888116
TI  - [Randomized controlled study of methyl 6-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-6
      deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (MCNU) in comparison with busulfan for chronic
      myelogenous leukemia].
AB  - In a randomized controlled study, the efficacy of MCNU was compared with that of
      Busulfan in 95 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Of the patients
      studied, 95 were entered among whom 77 were evaluable. These comprised 40 for an
      MCNU group (M) and 37 for a Busulfan group (B). No significant difference was
      found statistically between the two groups with regard to background factors,
      i.e., male-to-female ratio, age, white blood cell counts, platelet counts,
      splenomegaly or Ph1 chromosome. RESULTS: CR rate was 83% for M and 68% for B, and
      the number of days to CR was 88 for M and 155 for B. Blastic crisis was noted in
      31% of M patients and 33% of B patients and the number of days to blastic crisis
      was 542.6 and 581.9, respectively for the two groups. Deaths accounted for 28%
      and 29% for each of M and B. Side effects were observed in 31% of M cases and 15%
      of B cases. A significant difference was observed only in the period to CR. MCNU
      showed almost equal efficacy to that of Busulfan but was superior to Busulfan in
      patients who required rapid response. Side effects were mild and transient.
      Despite its delivery by intravenous injection, the administration of MCNU is
      deemed convenient, considering the long interval possible between treatments,
      being comparable in this respect with oral Busulfan. MCNU therefore seems a very
      effective drug for chronic myelogenous leukemia.

PMID- 3888117
TI  - [Effect of PSK on prostaglandin metabolism (I)].
AB  - The effect of PSK (Krestin) on the metabolism of prostaglandins was investigated.
      The effect of PSK on the thromboxane A2 (TXA2) level, which stimulates tumor
      proliferation and platelet aggregation, was examined using platelets. PSK
      suppressed platelet aggregation and the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and
      TXB2 which is a stable metabolite of TXA2. The effect of PSK on the production of
      prostacyclin (PGI2), which is an anti-tumor PG, was then examined using rat
      arterial rings. It was found that PGI2 production was stimulated by PSK. The in
      vivo inhibition of platelet activation by PSK was then examined using two
      thrombosis models in which platelet aggregation was mainly involved. PSK exerted
      its anti-platelet effect by regulation of PG production. It was concluded that
      not only an immune regulating effect but also PG regulation are involved in the
      pharmacological action of PSK.

PMID- 3888118
TI  - [Antitumor effect of JM-8 (a cisplatin analogue) on testicular cancer cells in
      vitro and in vivo].
AB  - Using transplantable testicular tumor lines serially passaged in nude mice, the
      antitumor effect of JM-8, an analogue compound of cisplatin, was evaluated by
      clonogenic assay and in nude mice. JM-8 exhibited compatible tumor growth
      inhibition to that of 8 to 10 times the concentration of cisplatin both in vitro
      and in vivo. In addition, JM-8 had less toxicity than cisplatin in vivo. However,
      when JM-8 was adopted for treatment of regrowing tumors after repeated
      manipulations with cisplatin, it exerted less growth inhibition than cisplatin.
      Apart from this effect, it was considered that JM-8 could be substituted for
      cisplatin in clinical use.

PMID- 3888119
TI  - [Cancer and the lymph nodes].
AB  - Lymph node metastasis of cancer has great significance with respect to its
      circumstances, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. In recent years, especially,
      we have experienced advances in the field of lymphatic circulation and the role
      played by lymph nodes in immunological surveillance. The various associated
      problems and the progress which has been made with regard to cancer and lymph
      nodes are discussed.

PMID- 3888120
TI  - Acanthosis nigricans.

PMID- 3888121
TI  - A case of herpes zoster involving a skin graft.

PMID- 3888122
TI  - Erythema nodosum associated with Shigella colitis.

PMID- 3888123
TI  - Papular xanthoma. A clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural study.
AB  - Electron microscopic examination in a case of papular xanthoma revealed the
      presence of myelinlike laminated bodies in the cytoplasm of the foam cells. To
      our knowledge, similar bodies have been described in large numbers in only two
      cases of congenital self-healing histiocytosis and one case of generalized
      eruptive histiocytoma. The presence of laminated bodies may be a morphologic
      characteristic of papular xanthoma. However, this possibility should be confirmed
      by identification of the same inclusions in other cases of this disease.

PMID- 3888124
TI  - A 1949 outbreak of Pontiac fever-like illness in steam condenser cleaners.
AB  - A 1949 outbreak of flu-like illness in steam-turbine condenser cleaners was
      investigated in 1979. Clinical and epidemiologic features matched those in
      previously described outbreaks of nonpneumonic legionellosis (Pontiac fever).
      Titers by indirect immunofluorescence using polyvalent Legionella pneumophila
      antigen were significantly higher for late convalescent-phase serum samples from
      condenser workers than for control serum samples submitted to the Centers for
      Disease Control. Three workers who had cleaned the condensers on several
      occasions had experienced recurrent illness associated with these operations,
      which might support the theory that nonpneumonic legionellosis is caused by an
      immune reaction to an inhaled antigen or bacterial toxin of L. pneumophila,
      rather than a true infection.

PMID- 3888125
TI  - [Multilocular cyst of the kidney].

PMID- 3888126
TI  - A group approach to teaching and support in a renal transplant unit.

PMID- 3888127
TI  - Using computer data to examine peritonitis and peritoneal catheter infections.

PMID- 3888128
TI  - A comparative study of outpatient care as perceived by renal transplant
      recipients.

PMID- 3888129
TI  - The impact of specialization on health care.

PMID- 3888131
TI  - Reliability of pre- and intraoperative tests for biliary lithiasis.
AB  - The records of 242 patients, operated consecutively for biliary lithiasis, were
      analyzed to determine the reliability of oral cholecystography (OCG),
      ultrasonography (US), and HIDA in detecting biliary calculi. Preoperative
      interpretations were correlated to operative findings. OCG obtained in 138
      patients was accurate in 92%. US obtained in 150 was correct in 89%. The accuracy
      of HIDA was 92% in acute and 78% in chronic cholecystitis. Intraoperative
      cholangiography (IOC) done in 173 patients indicated the need for exploratory
      choledochotomy in 24; 21 had choledocholithiasis. These observations suggest that
      OCG and US are very accurate, but not infallible, in detecting cholelithiasis. US
      should be done first; when doubt persists, the addition of OCG allows the
      preoperative diagnosis of gallstones in 97% of the cases. HIDA is highly accurate
      but not infallible in detecting acute calculous cholecystitis. IOC is very
      reliable in detecting choledocholithiasis; thus, its routine is justifiable.

PMID- 3888130
TI  - A four-year experience with splenectomy versus splenorrhaphy.
AB  - From 1980 to 1984, 326 patients requiring splenectomy or splenorrhaphy were
      treated at one urban trauma center. Splenic injuries were graded in severity from
      one to five at the time of celiotomy. Splenorrhaphy was attempted in all
      patients, except when the spleen was shattered or avulsed or when multiple
      injuries were present. The mechanisms of injury were: penetrating wounds in
      51.2%, blunt trauma in 46%, and iatrogenic mishaps in 2.8% of patients. Grade 1
      or 2 injuries were present in 23.9%, Grade 3, 4, or 5 injuries were present in
      59.8%. Spleens removed or repaired with unknown grading or removed as part of
      distal pancreatectomies accounted for 16.3% of patients. Excluding uninjured
      spleens removed with pancreatectomies, 55.4% (169) of injured spleens required
      splenectomy and 44.6% (136) had a splenorrhaphy performed. Splenorrhaphy was most
      commonly performed with chronic suture with or without the addition of topical
      agents. Grade 1 and 2 injuries were repaired in 88.5%; Grade 3 injuries were
      repaired in 61.5%; and Grade 4 and 5 injuries were repaired in 7.7% of patients.
      Splenectomy is generally performed in patients with multiple associated
      intraabdominal injuries and the more severe grades of splenic injury, and has a
      mortality rate 13.5 times as great as that for patients undergoing splenorrhaphy.
      Splenorrhaphy can be performed in approximately 50% of patients with injured
      spleens and has practically no risk of rebleeding.

PMID- 3888132
TI  - Ludwig Rehn: the first successful cardiorrhaphy.
AB  - The first successful suture of a wound of the heart was performed by Ludwig Rehn
      in 1896. This landmark operation--set against a background of widespread doubt
      with regard to its possibility and censure of its very contemplation--reversed
      the prevailing belief in the inviolability of the heart. It marks the beginning
      of cardiac surgery.

PMID- 3888133
TI  - Modifying test-ordering behavior in the outpatient medical clinic. A controlled
      trial of two educational interventions.
AB  - Education is an effective tool for modifying physician use of the laboratory. We
      compared two interventions by assigning 56 medical house officers into four
      groups: control group; feedback group, which received feedback concerning its use
      of tests; manual group, which received a manual concerning cost-effective
      laboratory use; and manual plus feedback group, which received both
      interventions. All intervention groups experienced significant decreases in test
      use. When we controlled for diagnosis, the manual plus feedback group had the
      most profound decrease (42%) in laboratory use, followed by the manual group. The
      feedback and control groups had no change. Attitudes and knowledge did not
      change. We conclude that one can, via simple techniques, modify house staff use
      of the outpatient laboratory. The less-expensive intervention was a cost-oriented
      manual, which may have a "sensitizing" rather than educational effect.

PMID- 3888135
TI  - 'Drug holidays' in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. A brief review.
AB  - "Drug holiday," the withdrawal of levodopa for a variable period of time, is a
      controversial method of treating patients with Parkinson's disease who have
      levodopa-related complications. Only four studies have been published in which
      patients were observed for one year or longer. Although it is extremely
      beneficial for some patients, this treatment provides a sustained one-year
      benefit for only a minority of patients.

PMID- 3888134
TI  - Ultrasonography and computed tomography in severe urinary tract infection.
AB  - A prospective study evaluated the utility of renal computed tomography (CT) and
      ultrasonography in 35 patients hospitalized for treatment of urinary tract
      infection. Renal computed tomograms were abnormal in 18 of 28 patients with acute
      pyelonephritis and three of four patients with urosepsis, showing findings
      consistent with pyelonephritis in 17 patients and intrarenal abscess or focal
      bacterial nephritis in four patients. Renal sonograms were abnormal in only eight
      patients, showing findings compatible with pyelonephritis in four and intrarenal
      abscess or focal bacterial nephritis in the other four. Flank tenderness was
      absent in only four patients with CT findings of pyelonephritis, of whom three
      were diabetic. We therefore found that (1) renal CT is a sensitive test for acute
      upper urinary tract infection, (2) ultrasonography detects focal bacterial
      nephritis and abscesses but is insensitive to uncomplicated upper urinary tract
      infection, and (3) painless pyelonephritis may be more common in patients with
      diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3888136
TI  - Ultrasonography in the diagnosis and follow-up of hepatic sinusoidal dilatation.
AB  - Hepatic sinusoidal dilatation is a rare complication of oral contraceptive use. A
      29-year-old woman who had been taking oral contraceptive pills for eight years
      was found to have persistently elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates and
      alkaline phosphatase levels, hepatomegaly, diffuse hepatic sinusoidal dilatation,
      and a large nonhomogeneous hyperechogenic lesion in the right hepatic lobe. The
      abdominal ultrasonogram, liver size, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and
      alkaline phosphatase levels reverted to normal within 24 months after
      discontinuing oral contraceptives. This case should encourage the use of
      abdominal ultrasonography in detection and follow-up of hepatic sinusoidal
      dilatation.

PMID- 3888138
TI  - [Cultivation of Mycoplasma californicum and other Mycoplasma species of cattle].

PMID- 3888137
TI  - [Effect of the intravenous infusion of butyrate, isobutyrate and isovalerate on
      the blood serum levels of glucose, insulin, free fatty acids and total alpha
      amino-N in sheep under conditions of adequate feeding and after an 8-day fast].

PMID- 3888139
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen and cross-reacting antibodies.

PMID- 3888140
TI  - Primary cerebral lymphoma with glomerular renal involvement.
AB  - We report a case of primary cerebral lymphoma metastasizing to the kidney with
      exclusive involvement of the glomeruli. We discuss the possible explanations of
      this unusual phenomenon, and present some of the unusual clinical features of the
      case. Nephropathologists interpreting glomerular hypercellularity should always
      consider metastatic neoplasms as a possible, though rare, cause.

PMID- 3888141
TI  - Renal adenocarcinoma and systemic amyloidosis. Immunohistochemical and
      histochemical studies.
AB  - We present six patients with associated renal adenocarcinoma and systemic
      amyloidosis. In five of the patients amyloidosis showed clinical and organ
      distribution characteristics of reactive (secondary) amyloidosis. The amyloid
      deposits contained amyloid A protein as defined by potassium permanganate
      sensitivity and by reactivity with anti-amyloid A antiserum. Four of these
      patients had suffered from additional inflammatory diseases. In the sixth patient
      the amyloid disease had different clinicopathologic characteristics and was
      evidently of an immunoglobulin light-chain-derived type related to a concomitant
      multiple myeloma. Although renal carcinoma seems to be an effective stimulator of
      amyloid formation, the possible contributory influence of associated chronic
      inflammation deserves more careful appraisal.

PMID- 3888142
TI  - [Studies on fibrin deposition in basement membrane in the biopsied bronchial
      tissues and respiratory function in patients with bronchial asthma].

PMID- 3888143
TI  - [Enzyme immunoassay using polystyrene beads in the diagnosis of Japanese cedar
      pollinosis].

PMID- 3888144
TI  - [Visual classification during quantitative comparison of images].

PMID- 3888145
TI  - [Principle of description of the orientation of smooth muscle cells in the walls
      of blood vessels].

PMID- 3888146
TI  - [Santiago Ramon y Cajal and his role in the development of modern neurobiology
      (on the 50th anniversary of his death)].

PMID- 3888147
TI  - [Significance of the work of Andreas Vesalius for modern morphology].

PMID- 3888148
TI  - "Where I came in": a glimpse of the history of neurosurgery to 1940.

PMID- 3888149
TI  - A brief history of medical libraries.

PMID- 3888150
TI  - [Pathology of the artificial esophagus made of skin].
AB  - Clinico-anatomical analysis of changes in the artificial oesophagi made of the
      skin and skin additions functioning in 13 patients during 10-38 years after the
      completion of the oesophagoplasty is given. Fistulas in the transplant wall
      connected with the effect of gastric juice are found in 4 patients. Constrictions
      of the transplants located anterothoracally due to the compression of the skin
      tube by the scars and the papilloma formation on its surface were revealed in 7
      patients. Carcinoma of the skin addition developed in the presence of
      papillomatosis in 2 patients. Morphologically, a considerable reconstruction of
      the epidermis in the skin transplants is found which is regarded by the authors
      as a protective response to the persistent action of uncommon irritators. Early
      diagnosis of carcinoma in these cases is difficult and needs a detailed
      morphological examination of deep parts of the skin transplant. It is
      recommended, with a goal of prevention, to limit the use of the skin for the
      oesophagoplasty.

PMID- 3888151
TI  - [Langerhans cells--their structure, function and pathological role].
AB  - Data on the structure and function of Langerhans' cells (LC) are presented. LC
      are defined as dendritic cells of the epidermis and mucous membrane epithelium
      having the mesenchymal origin and relating to the antigen-representing
      macrophages. Morphological, enzymatic and antigenic LC markers are characterized.
      The crucial role of LC in the development of the skin delayed type
      hypersensitivity is shown: contact hypersensitivity, specific inflammation,
      transplant rejection, neoplastic process.

PMID- 3888152
TI  - Heart substitution: transplantation and total artificial heart. The Texas Heart
      Institute experience.
AB  - Two methods of heart substitution have been used at the Texas Heart Institute:
      cardiac transplantation and the total artificial heart (TAH). Cardiac
      transplantation is an effective means of saving patients with endstage heart
      disease and, since the introduction of the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine,
      survival has increased significantly. In a recent series from July 1982 to May
      1984, 25 patients underwent cardiac transplantation at the Texas Heart Institute.
      Nineteen of these patients are alive, in Functional Class I, and leading normal
      lives. A major disadvantage of cardiac transplantation is that it cannot be used
      on an emergency basis for postcardiotomy patients. In this situation, TAH has
      been used twice (1969 and 1981) as the first stage to maintain circulation prior
      to subsequent cardiac transplantation. In both instances, the TAH functioned well
      until a satisfactory donor was found. This demonstrates the feasibility of the
      two-staged concept and encourages further development of cardiac prostheses.

PMID- 3888153
TI  - Double-blind randomized trial of the effect of ticlopidine in arteriovenous
      fistulas for hemodialysis.
AB  - The antiplatelet drug ticlopidine was assessed as an agent for improving the
      patency of Brescia-Cimino arteriovenous fistulas as access for hemodialysis. In a
      double-blind randomized study over 1 month, two of six fistulas in the
      ticlopidine group and five of nine in the placebo group failed. A further one
      placebo and two ticlopidine patients still had functioning fistulas at the time
      of withdrawal for technical reasons from the trial. Ticlopidine appears,
      therefore, to enhance the efficacy of Brescia-Cimino fistulas, at least in the
      short term.

PMID- 3888154
TI  - Mathematical models of patterns of seizures. Their use in the evaluation of
      drugs.
AB  - The analysis of the results of many well-designed, double-blind trials of
      anticonvulsant drugs has been unsophisticated. We draw attention to the nonrandom
      occurrence of seizures, which negates the simple comparison of average seizure
      frequency. We propose a method of taking into account clustering of seizures when
      deciding on the appropriate length of follow-up after introducing a new
      treatment. Deterministic and nondeterministic models were used to show why there
      may be reasons for sometimes using more than one drug in the treatment of
      epilepsy.

PMID- 3888155
TI  - Norman Geschwind.

PMID- 3888156
TI  - Actin filaments in the terminal webs of secretory ameloblasts of rats.
AB  - Actin filaments decorated with heavy meromyosin in enamel-secreting ameloblasts
      of rat incisors were examined. Proximal and distal terminal webs contained actin
      filaments; some were arrayed in diverse directions to each other. Some were
      associated with coated and uncoated vesicles. These actin filaments may relate to
      the sideways movement of secreting ameloblasts, suggesting that the distal
      terminal web is an apparatus generating a force by which ameloblasts can slide
      over each other.

PMID- 3888157
TI  - Oral epithelial cells as the origin of pemphigus antigen in human saliva.
AB  - Absorption of pemphigus sera with normal human saliva or with scraped oral
      epithelial cells abolished the intercellular antibody titres, as revealed by
      indirect immunofluorescence. No pemphigus antigenic activity was detected on
      either human or macaque salivary glands, suggesting that the pemphigus antigen in
      saliva is a product of the epithelial lining of the oral mucosa. Indirect
      immunofluorescence on primary cultures of normal oral mucosa demonstrated that
      pemphigus antigen is synthesized by human oral epithelial cells. Salivary
      pemphigus antigen was isolated by affinity chromatography on Sepharose-linked IgG
      fraction from pemphigus sera. Pemphigus antibody-binding material from the
      isolated fraction was detected in two bands with apparent molecular weights of
      30,000 and 12,000 by immuno-blotting of reduced SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoretograms.

PMID- 3888159
TI  - Experimental candidiasis in the hamster cheek pouch.
AB  - Sixty-four adult male BIO 87.20 hamsters were divided into four equal groups.
      Animals in three groups had 1 ml of a thick aqueous suspension of either Candida
      albicans (ATCC 10261), Candida albicans (UO1) or Candida tropicalis (3100, Puna
      Culture Collection) placed in each of their cheek pouches. The fourth group were
      controls. Four animals from each group were killed 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks following
      treatment. Specimens were removed from all left-cheek pouches and processed
      routinely for light microscopy. All animals treated with strain UO1 and 35 per
      cent of animals treated with either 10261 or 3100 strains exhibited changes. At 1
      week, the epithelium had localized areas of neutrophilic leukocyte infiltration
      and some small discrete micro-abscesses. At 2 weeks, most micro-abscesses were
      larger. At 4 weeks, most micro-abscesses involved the more superficial epithelial
      layers. At 6 weeks, there were only a few superficial micro-abscesses. At 4 and 6
      weeks, there were areas of thickened, often parakeratinized, stratum corneum. The
      connective tissue adjacent to the inflamed epithelium was infiltrated by varying
      numbers and types of chronic inflammatory cell. Hyphal invasion of the epithelium
      was not found. Thus the hamster cheek pouch is a suitable site for the study of
      experimental candidiasis. The occurrence of both an acute and chronic
      inflammatory response does not support the suggestion that the pouch is an
      immunologically-privileged site.

PMID- 3888158
TI  - Evaluation and modification of spectrophotometric procedures for analysis of
      lactate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase and arylsulphatase in human gingival
      crevicular fluid collected with filter-paper strips.
AB  - Filter-paper strips were used to collect GCF, and the sample eluted into a larger
      volume of diluent. This procedure allows for detection of site-to-site variation
      in GCF volume, and provides a 300-400 microliter sample for analysis of lactate
      dehydrogenase (LDH), beta-glucuronidase (BG) and arylsulphatase (AS) activities
      by a standard (serum) spectrophotometric assay modified for increased
      sensitivity. The results indicate that although the standard assay for LDH (based
      on oxidation of NADH) was adequate for detecting low activity in GCF samples, the
      modification doubled the sensitivity and allowed the use of less sample volume,
      thereby providing additional material for other assays. The standard assay for BG
      based on phenolphthalein being generated from phenophthalein glucuronic acid was
      not adequate for use in GCF analysis. The modification used increased assay
      sensitivity five-fold and allowed smaller samples to be used. The serum assay for
      AS (conversion of nitrocatechol sulphate to nitrocatechol) was accurate to the
      lower limit of AS activity in GCF and could be used without modification. The
      results emphasize the need to evaluate critically standard spectrophotometric
      assays for sensitivity when studying physiologically-collected GCF.

PMID- 3888160
TI  - Quantitative analysis of immunocompetent cells in human normal oral and uterine
      cervical mucosa, oral papillomas and leukoplakias.
AB  - Using monoclonal antibodies reacting with T-cell subpopulations, Langerhans cells
      and macrophages, the number and distribution of cells of the immune system in
      normal oral and cervical mucosa was determined and statistically compared with
      that in oral papillomas and oral leukoplakias. Increased numbers of labelled
      cells were found in oral leukoplakias and particularly in oral papillomas. In the
      epithelium of all specimens, Langerhans cells and T-lymphocytes of the
      suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype as well as of the helper phenotype were seen.
      Suppressor/cytotoxic and helper T-lymphocytes were in equal numbers in the
      epithelium of oral papillomas, but were about 2:1 in all other lesions. In normal
      oral epithelium, macrophages were rare but were in greater numbers in
      leukoplakias and papillomas. In the connective tissue of all lesions, more
      labelled cells were present than in epithelium with T-lymphocytes predominant.
      Although Langerhans cells were rare in connective tissue, many were seen in oral
      papillomas.

PMID- 3888161
TI  - Glycosaminoglycans in human gingival crevicular fluid as indicators of active
      periodontal disease.
AB  - The glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were investigated
      by cellulose-acetate electrophoresis of samples from individual sites of defined
      conditions variously affecting the tissues of the periodontium. The non-sulphated
      GAG, hyaluronic acid, was present in all samples and was the only major band from
      sites of chronic gingivitis. An additional sulphated GAG band identified by
      enzymic digestions as chondroitin-4-sulphate, was detected in GCF from sites of
      untreated-advanced periodontitis. Initial samples from sites of early
      periodontitis and juvenile periodontitis yielded a similar additional band which
      was not detected, however, in samples collected after either surgery to eliminate
      deep pockets or daily subgingival irrigation with a chlorhexidine solution.
      Sulphated GAG was also present in fluid from the control situations, i.e. of
      teeth either undergoing orthodontic movement or showing evidence of trauma from
      occlusion, and from healing tooth-extraction wounds. Thus the presence of such a
      component in GCF correlates with those clinical conditions in which degradative
      changes are occurring in the deeper-periodontal tissues. The electrophoretic
      profile of GAG in a sample of GCF may be a sensitive laboratory method of
      indicating active phases of destructive periodontal disease at individual sites.

PMID- 3888162
TI  - Intercellular junctions in human tooth-pulp cells in culture in vitro revealed by
      freeze-fracture, lanthanum impregnation and filipin treatment.
AB  - Three kinds of intercellular junctions were detected between human dental pulp
      cells in explant culture with electron microscopy included filipin detection for
      cholesterol; desmosome-like junctions observed on ultrathin sections probably
      contribute to the cohesiveness between cells in culture. Gap junctions,
      responsible for intercellular communication, exhibited two morphologies on freeze
      fracture replicas: a conventional arrangement of their intramembranous particles
      and a crystalline array corresponding to the formation stage of junctions.
      Primitive tight junctions were detected on freeze-fracture replicas but not on
      ultrathin sections. It is likely that they contribute to the cell-to-cell
      adhesion under culture conditions.

PMID- 3888163
TI  - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography and its role in ocular vascular
      disease.
AB  - One hundred patients with ocular occlusive vascular disease were studied by
      intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV DSA). In 17 patients with
      transient monocular blindness, 65% showed ipsilateral carotid atheroma. The
      degree of carotid stenosis was greater than 70% in eight of the 17 patients.
      Severe unilateral or bilateral stenosis was demonstrated in 70% of ten patients
      with chronic retinal artery obstruction, ie, venous stasis retinopathy or orbital
      hypoxia. An ipsilateral carotid artery source of emboli or substantial degree of
      stenosis was documented in 50% of 48 patients with acute retinal artery
      obstruction. Little or no carotid disease was found in 72% of 25 patients with
      retinal vein obstruction. The greatest value of IV DSA is in the management of
      patients with transient monocular blindness.

PMID- 3888164
TI  - Molecular biology in arteriosclerosis research.
AB  - The topics discussed in this article illustrate how molecular biology will have a
      dramatic impact on arteriosclerosis research. DNA clones for a small number of
      relevant proteins have been isolated, and studies are underway in numerous
      laboratories to extend these initial studies. The techniques of molecular biology
      will provide major advances in our understanding of numerous proteins directly or
      indirectly involved in the atherogenic process. Cloning technology will solve the
      primary structures of many proteins that can not be purified in quantities
      sufficient for classical methods of analysis. Studies of regulation will benefit
      from the availability of DNA probes, the ability to generate site-directed
      antibodies, and the use of reverse genetics to identify nucleic acid sequences
      involved in the regulation of gene expression. Studies of gene structure and
      genetic polymorphisms will unravel the genetic basis for defects in lipid and
      lipoprotein metabolism and should provide valuable reagents for clinical
      screening and diagnosis. The reverse genetics approach will permit the systematic
      analysis of structure-function relationships at the protein level in a manner not
      previously possible. Each of these will contribute to our understanding of the
      atherogenic process and should provide insight into ways of preventing and
      treating arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 3888165
TI  - Cultural characteristics and virulence of strains of Fusobacterium necrophorum
      isolated from the feet of cattle and sheep.
AB  - Sixty-one isolates of Fusobacterium necrophorum were recovered for study. Thirty
      one were obtained from lesions of foot abscess in cattle (25) and sheep (6), 28
      were from interdigital lesions in cattle and 2 were from the normal interdigital
      skin of cattle. The majority of isolates from lesions of foot abscess were
      virulent, belonged to biotype AB (Fievez 1963), produced flat, irregular shaped,
      greyish colonies and haemolysis on blood agar, and grew as turbid filamentous
      suspensions in liquid media. They produced a soluble exotoxin, a leucocidin, and
      were pathogenic for cattle and mice. Virulent isolates also produced a haemolysin
      which most readily lysed bovine, equine and chicken erythrocytes; those from
      sheep were less susceptible while those of rabbit and pig were the most
      resistant. Isolates recovered from lesions of the feet not classified as foot
      abscess and from clinically normal feet were predominantly of the B biotype and
      caused few experimental lesions, produced convex, round, yellow colonies,
      flocculated and sedimented while growing in liquid medium and produced little or
      no haemolysin or leucocidin. Routine differentiation between virulent and non
      virulent bovine isolates of F. necrophorum could be achieved by assessing the
      colour, morphology, and degree of haemolytic activity of colonies grown on blood
      agar.

PMID- 3888166
TI  - A microaerophilic coccus in pyogenic infections of ruminants.
AB  - Pyogenic infections of cattle, sheep and goats were examined for the presence of
      a Gram positive bacterium that has been designated "microaerophilic coccus" by
      other workers. The bacterium was found to be involved in a range of disease
      processes, including foot and soft tissue abscesses, mastitis, pericarditis and
      pyometra in cattle, joint and foot abscesses in sheep and foot abscesses in
      goats. The characteristic feature of the bacterium was its satellitic growth
      around colonies of other organisms. The microaerophilic coccus was usually part
      of a mixed flora, which included Corynebacterium pyogenes, Fusobacterium
      necrophorum, Peptostreptococcus indolicus and Bacteroides sp.

PMID- 3888167
TI  - Mastitis due to a group of pyogenic bacteria.

PMID- 3888168
TI  - Mild hypertension.
AB  - The history of antihypertensive drug treatment is reviewed and the results of
      therapeutic trials summarised. Studies in aviation medicine and current
      aeromedical practice are described. Despite the success of drug treatment, any
      effect on the occurrence of coronary events or of coronary deaths is slight.
      Reasons for this disappointing outcome are suggested, and the implications for
      the treatment of hypertensive aviators are explored.

PMID- 3888169
TI  - Evaluation of antimotion sickness drug side effects on performance.
AB  - This project has employed a computerized pursuit meter which has a high
      correlation with operational performance (2) to test the principal antimotion
      sickness drugs. Proficiency scores on the pursuit meter task were improved over
      placebo scores in subjects with d-amphetamine 10 mg and 5 mg, the combination of
      promethazine 25 mg plus scopolamine 0.4 mg with d-amphetamine 10 mg, and the
      combination of scopolamine 1 mg with d-amphetamine 10 mg. Scores were not
      significantly different from placebo scores in tests with scopolamine 0.25 mg,
      0.5 mg, or 0.6 mg; marezine 50 mg; meclizine 50 mg; or dimenhydrinate 50 mg. This
      was also true for the combination of scopolamine 1 mg with d-amphetamine 5 mg,
      and that of promethazine 25 mg with d-amphetamine 10 mg. A statistically
      significant decrement of performance scores was seen with scopolamine 1 mg or 0.8
      mg, and with promethazine 25 mg oral or 25 mg I.M. The combination of
      promethazine 25 mg with scopolamein 0.4 mg, and that of promethazine 25 mg oral
      plus 25 mg I.M. with d-amphetamine 10 mg, also gave significant decrements from
      placebo scores. These results indicate that selected doses and combinations of
      antimotion sickness drugs can be used without loss of operational proficiency.

PMID- 3888170
TI  - Flight nurse firsts: the first flight nurse killed in action.
AB  - The first flight nurse killed in action was Second Lieutenant Ruth M. Gardiner. A
      graduate of the first organized course for flight nurses of the 349th Air
      Evacuation Group, Bowman Field, KY, Lieutenant Gardiner served in the Alaskan
      Theater of Operations with Flight A of the 805th Medical Air Evacuation Transport
      Squadron. Lieutenant Gardiner was killed in an aircraft accident on July 27,
      1943, while enroute for the purpose of evacuating patients. Gardiner General
      Hospital in Chicago was named in her honor posthumously.

PMID- 3888171
TI  - Molecular mechanisms in genetic stability and change: the role of
      deoxyribonucleotide pool balance.

PMID- 3888172
TI  - Effects of nucleotide pool imbalances on the excision repair of ultraviolet
      induced damage in the DNA of human diploid fibroblasts.
AB  - Recent studies in our laboratory and others have demonstrated that DNA polymerase
      inhibitors such as the ara nucleosides, aphicolin and dideoxythymidine are potent
      inhibitors of the DNA excision repair process in confluent human fibroblasts as
      evidenced by the agent-dependent accumulation of single-strand interruptions in
      the DNA of UV-irradiated, but not in unirradiated, cellular DNA. In rapidly
      cycling cells, on the other hand, these agents are weak inhibitors at best but
      when used in combination with the ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor,
      hydroxyurea, a significant enhancement of inhibitory capacity is seen. In an
      attempt to better understand the mechanism of repair inhibition by DNA polymerase
      inhibitors, and the nature of this hydroxyurea enhancement, experiments were
      initiated in which the effects of a series of ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors
      on dNTP pools and on the DNA repair process were determined in both quiescent
      cultures and log-phase cultures of human fibroblasts. It was determined that
      hydroxyurea, deoxyadenosine, pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (TSC),
      pyrozoloimidazole (IMPY), 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole (guanazole), 3,4,5
      trihydroxy benzohydroxamic acid (THBA) and 3,4-dihydroxy benzohydroxamic acid
      (DHBA) are all effective inhibitors of the DNA repair process in confluent cells
      but not in log-phase cells. Moreover, the effects of these inhibitors can be
      reversed by the addition of certain combinations of deoxynucleosides. These
      reversal studies and the direct analysis of dNTP pool modulation by these
      compounds in log phase and confluent cultures support the notion that specific
      pool depletions rather than general imbalance of pools gives rise to the
      inhibition of the DNA excision repair process.

PMID- 3888173
TI  - Thymineless mutagenesis in bacteria.
AB  - Experimental evidence indicates that while thymine starvation induces primarily
      A:T----G:C transitions in bacteria, it also may cause other uncharacterized base
      substitutions as well as frameshifts and deletions. However, models have been
      proposed to explain only the induction of point mutations by thymine deprivation.
      In this study, we demonstrate that thymine nucleotide depletion induces both
      point mutations in the his-4 and 1acI genes of Escherichia coli and reversion of
      the frameshift mutations trpE9777, trpA21, trpA540, and trpA9813. Analysis of the
      1acI amber spectrum revealed that thymine starvation resulted in G:C----A:T
      transitions and all possible transversions. A defect in uracil-DNA glycosylase
      has little effect on the induction of 1acI- mutations but reduces substantially
      the induction of trpE9777 revertants. These data show that the mutagenic
      specificity of thymine nucleotide depletion is not limited to A:T----G:C
      transitions and suggest that removal of uracil from DNA plays a role in the
      generation of frameshift mutations by thymine deprivation. A model that involves
      nucleotide misincorporation into DNA and induction of error-prone repair
      functions in response to thymine starvation is proposed to account for these
      findings.

PMID- 3888174
TI  - Genetic and biochemical effects of thymidylate stress in yeast.

PMID- 3888176
TI  - Induction of mutation and chromosome damage by excess bases and nucleosides.
AB  - The studies reported in this communication were conducted to determine if
      naturally occurring cell constituents could themselves cause mutation. All the
      bases and their corresponding nucleosides have been shown in culture to produce
      chromosome damage in P388 mouse lymphoma and Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO)
      and adenosine has produced an increased incidence of sister chromatid exchanges
      in CHO cells. In addition thymidine has produced an increase in V79 cells
      resistant to 8-azaguanine and ouabain, although no effects were seen in six
      strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Such damage probably arises as a result of
      imbalanced DNA-precursor pools. Thus mutagenic events may arise by mechanisms
      unrelated to direct alterations of DNA.

PMID- 3888175
TI  - Thymineless death and genetic events in mammalian cells.
AB  - Thymidylate synthase-negative mutants of cultured mouse FM3A cells were
      immediately committed to cell death upon thymidine deprivation especially when
      the cells were synchronized in the S-phase. Thymidine deprivation induced single
      strand breaks in parental DNA strands, as measured by alkaline sucrose gradient
      sedimentation, giving rise to two peaks, one with large and the other with short
      fragments. Increase in the short DNA fragments paralleled that of thymineless
      death. Thymidine deprivation also accumulated double strand DNA fragments as
      determined by a method of neutral filter elution, and their extent paralleled
      that of cell death. Double-strand DNA eluted through the filter sedimented as a
      single peak both in a neutral and in an alkaline sucrose gradient that coincided
      with that of the above short DNA fragments. Therefore, the double strand breaks
      seemed to occur in some defined portions of the genome and in some specific
      manners in contrast to those induced by X-ray, which occurred rather randomly.
      Cycloheximide blocked thymineless death and accumulation of the double stranded
      DNA fragments in parallel. The double strand breaks induced by thymidine
      starvation were not repaired, but instead advanced on subsequent incubation of
      the cells in growth medium containing thymidine. Cytogenetically, thymidine
      deprivation induced chromosome aberrations such as chromatid breaks, chromatid
      interchanges, and chromosome fragmentation. Also, 5-bromodeoxyuridine deprivation
      induced sister chromatid exchange. Thymidylate stress also induced loss of a
      stably integrated human gene in mouse cells, possibly by DNA rearrangements,
      under the conditions where no point mutations were induced.

PMID- 3888177
TI  - The genetic consequences of the Thy- mutation to CHO cells.

PMID- 3888178
TI  - Ribonucleotide reductase and deoxyribonucleotide pools.
AB  - Ribonucleotide reductase plays a crucial role in the maintenance of dNTP pools. A
      molecular model for the allosteric regulation of the enzyme is substantiated by
      the effects of nucleosides or inhibitors on pool sizes in intact cells as well as
      by manifestations of mutations of the reductase and other enzymes involved in
      deoxynucleoside metabolism. Studies of the dynamics of dNTP pools in 3T6 cells
      suggest compartmentation of dCTP pools, with perferential DNA synthesis from a
      pool labeled from cytidine. In contrast, no kinetic evidence for more than one
      dTTP pool was obtained. Our experiments also suggest that all dTTP formed in
      growing 3T6 cells is used up for DNA synthesis.

PMID- 3888179
TI  - Mutagenesis by incorporation of alkylated nucleotides.
AB  - The cellular DNA precursor pool was shown to be a target for N-methyl-N
      nitrosourea, a potent mutagen and carcinogen. O6medGTP, a product of this
      interaction, was chemically synthesized and shown to be incorporated into DNA in
      vitro by Klenow E. coli pol I and phage T4 DNA polymerases. O6medGTP incorporated
      predominantly opposite T template residues and to a lower extent opposite C. At
      some loci incorporation of O6medGTP caused DNA synthesis arrest. The significance
      of the behavior of O6medGTP for mutagenesis in vivo is discussed.

PMID- 3888180
TI  - 2-Aminopurine mutagenesis in Escherichia coli.

PMID- 3888181
TI  - Bromodeoxyuridine mutagenesis and deoxyribonucleotide pool imbalance in mammalian
      cells.

PMID- 3888182
TI  - Mutation induction by excess deoxyribonucleotides in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Excess dTMP is toxic and mutagenic with exponentially growing dTMP efficient
      uptaking yeast strains 831 rho+ and 833 rho. The respiratory deficient strain 833
      exhibits a tenfold sensitivity to the genotoxicity of excess dTMP. Mutant yield
      in the forward mutation system CAN1----can1 after dTMP excess is comparable to
      that found after irradiation with UV254nm. Excess dTMP is a poor mutagen in
      stationary phase cells of both strains. Mutagenicity of excess dTMP is not found
      in an ochre mutant allele (ade2-1). Exposure of exponentially growing cells to
      other deoxyribonucleotides (dCMP, dAMP, and dGMP) reveal these nucleotides to
      have mutagenic potential as well.

PMID- 3888183
TI  - Aspects of DNA repair and nucleotide pool imbalance.
AB  - Evidence that optimum repair depends on adequate pools of deoxynucleotide
      triphosphates (dNTPs) comes from the study of pyrimidine auxotrophs of Ustilago
      maydis. These strains are sensitive to UV light and X-rays, and for pyr1-1 it has
      been shown that the intracellular concentration of dTTP is reduced about 7-fold.
      Evidence has been published that DNA repair synthesis may require higher
      concentrations of dNTPs, than chromosome replication. The survival curve of pyr1
      1 after UV-treatment, and split dose experiments with wild-type cells, provide
      evidence for an inducible repair mechanism, which probably depends on genetic
      recombination. Although inducible repair saves cellular resources, it has the
      disadvantage of becoming ineffective at doses which are high enough to inactivate
      the repressed structural gene(s) for repair enzymes. To ensure survival it is
      vital for organisms to preserve the integrity of their DNA, and this is
      accomplished both by accurate replication and by repair. It is clear that a wide
      variety of repair mechanisms have evolved to remove lesions which arise either
      spontaneously (such as the deamination of cytosine to uracil) or as a result of
      damage from external agents. Nevertheless, it would be incorrect to assume that
      all species require all possible pathways of repair. It is now well established
      that the accuracy of DNA and protein synthesis depends on proof-reading or
      editing mechanisms (for a review, see Ref. 5). These consume energy and may slow
      down the rate of synthesis, therefore organisms must invest metabolic resources
      to achieve any given level of accuracy. Optimum accuracy levels will evolve from
      the balance between error avoidance in macromolecular synthesis and physiological
      efficiency in growth and propagation [11, 12, 22].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3888184
TI  - A possible secondary role for thymine-containing DNA precursors.

PMID- 3888185
TI  - Microtubules and desmin filaments during the onset of heart growth in the rat.
AB  - Microtubules and intermediate desmin filaments were visualized in rat
      cardiomyocytes during the onset of heart growth by double immunolabelling of
      isolated myocytes, with specific antibodies raised against tubulin and desmin.
      Heart growth was stimulated either by mechanical overloading induced by aortic
      stenosis, or by injection of thyroxine into hypothyroid rats. In both
      experimental models, alterations in the microtubule pattern were observed soon
      after stimulation of growth whereas desmin filament organization remained
      unchanged. Microtubules were redistributed in arrays parallel to the long axis of
      the myocytes and were more numerous around the nuclei. Microtubules therefore
      appeared to be involved in the cellular events occurring during stimulated heart
      growth irrespective of the nature of the stimulus.

PMID- 3888186
TI  - The insulin receptor of adult heart muscle cells.
AB  - Isolated cardiac myocytes possess specific receptors for insulin which consist of
      high- and low-affinity sites and are randomly distributed at the cell surface at
      37 degrees C. Low-affinity sites can mediate a biological response comparable to
      that of high-affinity sites. Calcium appears to modulate the high-affinity site
      and thus may be involved in the regulation of cardiac sensitivity towards
      insulin. The data suggest involvement of the insulin receptor in insulin
      degradation, which includes internalization and lysosomal processing of insulin.

PMID- 3888187
TI  - [Measurement of the sagittal diameter of the cervical and lumbar spinal canal
      with sonography].

PMID- 3888188
TI  - [The surfactant system of the lung. I. Morphology, structure and function of the
      surfactant system in man and animal--our findings and a review of the
      literature].

PMID- 3888189
TI  - [Veterinary writings of Aulus Gellius].

PMID- 3888190
TI  - [Equine leukosis. 1. Nomenclature, clinical aspects and pathology (review)].

PMID- 3888191
TI  - Effects of deuterium substitution alpha and beta to the reaction centre, 18O
      substitution in the leaving group, and aglycone acidity on hydrolyses of aryl
      glucosides and glucosyl pyridinium ions by yeast alpha-glucosidase. A probable
      failure of the antiperiplanar-lone-pair hypothesis in glycosidase catalysis.
AB  - Neither kcat. nor kcat./Km for five aryl alpha-D-glucopyranosides correlates with
      aglycone pKa, and isotope effects, described according to the convention used by
      Cleland [(1982) CRC Crit. Rev. Biochem. 13, 385-428], of 18(V) = 1.002 +/- 0.008,
      alpha D(V) = 1.01 +/- 0.04 and alpha D(V/K) = 0.969 +/- 0.035 are observed for p
      nitrophenyl, and one of beta D(V) = 1.02 +/- 0.04 for phenyl alpha-D
      glucopyranoside; kcat. but not kcat./Km, correlates with aglycone pKa for five
      alpha-D-glucopyranosyl pyridinium ions with a Bronsted coefficient of -0.61 +/-
      0.06, and isotope effects of alpha D(V) = 1.22 +/- 0.02, beta D(V) = 1.13 +/-
      0.01 and alpha D(V/K) = 1.018 +/- 0.046 for the 4-bromoisoquinolinium, and alpha
      D(V) = 1.15 +/- 0.02 and beta D(V) = 1.085 +/- 0.011 for the pyridinium salts are
      observed. These data require that a non-covalent event, fast in the case of the N
      glycosides but slow in the case of the O-glycosides, precedes bond-breaking, and
      that bond-breaking involves substantial charge development on the glycone and
      near-perpendicularity of the C2-H bond to the planar oxocarbonium ion system. A
      model meeting these requirements is that the non-covalent event is a conjoint
      change of protein and substrate conformation which puts the pyranose ring in the
      2,5B conformation of the bond-breaking transition state. This model also explains
      the contrast between the powerful inhibition of the enzyme by deoxynojirimycin
      (Ki = 23 +/- 3 microM) and feeble inhibition by castanospermine [Saul, Chambers,
      Molyneux & Elbein (1983) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 221, 593-597], but is directly
      contrary to the predictions of Deslongchamps' 'Theory of Stereoelectronic
      Control' [Deslongchamps (1975) Tetrahedron 31, 2463-2490; (1983) Stereoelectronic
      Effects in Organic Chemistry, p. 39, Pergamon Press, Oxford].

PMID- 3888192
TI  - Further evidence for the involvement of a membrane proteolytic step in insulin
      action.
AB  - The hypothesis that insulin action involves a membrane proteolytic step was
      further explored, by using isolated rat adipocytes and liver plasma membranes.
      (1) The maximal insulin stimulation of 2-deoxyglucose transport and lipogenesis
      in fat-cells was selectively inhibited (73-88%) by N alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine
      chloromethyl ketone (Tos-Lys-CH2Cl; active-site inhibitor of trypsin; 30-125
      microM), p-nitrophenyl p'-guanidinobenzoate (active-site inhibitor of serine
      proteinases; 30-125 microM) and p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (arginine ester
      substrate analogue of proteinases; 1-2 mM), under conditions where neither the
      basal rate of each metabolic process nor insulin binding nor cellular ATP content
      were affected. In contrast, N-acetyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-alanine methyl ester
      (alanine ester substrate analogue of proteinases; 1-2 mM) was ineffective. (2)
      Endoproteinase Arg-C (0.25-40 micrograms/ml) exerted dose-dependent insulin-like
      effects on both 2-deoxyglucose transport and lipogenesis in fat-cells, whereas
      endoproteinase Lys-C (5-100 micrograms/ml) was ineffective. The maximal
      activation by endoproteinase Arg-C of both processes (200 and 177% of control
      values respectively) was shown to occur under conditions where membrane integrity
      (assessed by measurement of lactate dehydrogenase leakage and passive glucose
      diffusion) was preserved. This effect was inhibited by Tos-Lys-CH2Cl (125 microM)
      and was not additive with the maximal insulin effect. (3) Insulin (1-100 ng/ml)
      produced a dose-dependent increase in the trichloroacetic acid-soluble 125I
      radioactivity released after a 30 min incubation at 37 degrees C of 125I-labelled
      liver plasma membranes, but was ineffective on 125I-labelled bovine serum
      albumin. Insulin effects on both radio-labelled proteins were reproduced by wheat
      germ agglutinin (20 micrograms/ml), an insulin mimicker shown to act through the
      insulin receptor. These data provide further evidence for the hypothesis that
      insulin bioeffects involve the activation of a membrane serine proteinase with
      arginine specificity.

PMID- 3888193
TI  - The effect of experimental diabetes on phenylalanine metabolism in isolated liver
      cells.
AB  - Chronic (10-day) diabetes was associated with increased metabolic flux through
      phenylalanine hydroxylase in isolated liver cells. This flux was stimulated by
      0.1 microM-glucagon, but not by 10 microM-noradrenaline; 0.1 microM-insulin
      affected neither basal nor glucagon-stimulated flux. The increased rate of
      phenylalanine hydroxylation in diabetes was accompanied by parallel increases in
      enzyme activity (as measured with artificial cofactor) and immunoreactive-enzyme
      protein content. In contrast with total protein synthesis, which decreased,
      phenylalanine hydroxylase synthesis persisted at the control rate in cells from
      diabetic animals. These findings are discussed in relation to the hormonal
      regulation of the hydroxylase and the known metabolic consequences of chronic
      diabetes.

PMID- 3888194
TI  - Influence of insulin and glucose on pyruvate catabolism in perfused rat
      hindlimbs.
AB  - The effects of insulin and glucose on the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate
      in isolated rat hindlimbs was studied in non-recirculating perfusion with [1
      14C]pyruvate. Insulin increased the calculated pyruvate decarboxylation rate in a
      concentration-dependent manner. At supramaximal insulin concentrations, the
      calculated pyruvate decarboxylation rate was increased by about 40% in perfusions
      with 0.15-1.5 mM-pyruvate. Glucose up to 20 mM had no effect. In the presence of
      insulin and low physiological pyruvate concentrations (0.15 mM), glucose
      increased the calculated pyruvate oxidation. This effect was abolished by high
      concentrations of pyruvate (1 mM). The data provide evidence that in resting
      perfused rat skeletal muscle insulin primarily increased the activity of the
      pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. The effect of glucose was due to increased
      intracellular pyruvate supply.

PMID- 3888195
TI  - Metabolism and gastric acid secretion. Substrate-dependency of aminopyrine
      accumulation in isolated rat parietal cells.
AB  - The substrate-dependency of gastric acid secretion was investigated in isolated
      rat parietal cells by using the accumulation of the weak base aminopyrine as an
      index of acid secretion. Exogenous substrates enhanced accumulation of
      aminopyrine in rat parietal cells stimulated by secretagogues, and this effect
      was probably directly related to the provision of energy for acid secretion. At
      physiological concentrations, certain of the substrates (glucose, oleate,
      lactate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate, L-isoleucine, L-valine and acetoacetate) could
      support acid secretion, with glucose being the most effective. L-Leucine and
      acetate were only effective stimulators of parietal-cell aminopyrine accumulation
      at high concentrations (5mM). L-Glutamine was unable to stimulate aminopyrine
      accumulation even at high concentrations, and glutaminase activity in parietal
      cells was estimated to be low by comparison with small-intestinal epithelial
      cells. Variation in the concentrations of D-3-hydroxybutyrate and L-isoleucine,
      but not of glucose, within the physiological range affected their ability to
      support aminopyrine accumulation. The presence of 5 mM-L-isoleucine, 5 mM-lactate
      and combinations of certain substrates at physiological concentrations produced
      aminopyrine accumulation in stimulated parietal cells that was greater than that
      obtained in cells incubated with 5 mM-glucose alone. In conclusion, fulfillment
      of the metabolic requirements of the acid-secreting parietal cell under
      physiological circumstances requires a combination of substrates, and integration
      of the results with previous data [Anderson & Hanson (1983) Biochem. J. 210, 451
      455; 212, 875-879] suggests that after overnight starvation in vivo metabolism of
      glucose, D-3-hydroxybutyrate and L-isoleucine may be of particular importance.

PMID- 3888196
TI  - The effect of indomethacin on the stimulation of protein synthesis by insulin in
      young post-absorptive rats.
AB  - Groups of young rats (100 g body wt.) were starved from 23:00 to 11:00 h. The
      animals were then infused intravenously with diluent or insulin at three
      different doses to achieve plasma insulin concentrations of 20, 50 and 150
      microunits/ml. Before the start of the infusion, animals received a single
      intravenous injection of indomethacin (250 micrograms) or diluent. After 20 min
      of infusion, the rats were injected with a large amount of labelled phenylalanine
      and were killed 10 min later. Insulin produced a dose-dependent decrease in
      plasma glucose and a dose-dependent rise in protein synthesis in cardiac,
      gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus muscles. Protein synthesis in the liver was
      unaffected by insulin. Indomethacin had no effect on plasma glucose
      concentrations, but blocked the insulin-induced rise in protein synthesis in
      cardiac, gastrocnemius and plantaris, but not in soleus muscle. The hormone also
      increased the plasma concentration of prostaglandin E2 and of prostaglandins F2
      alpha and E2 in gastrocnemius and plantaris muscle. The results show close
      similarities to previous observations with isolated rabbit muscles in vitro and
      suggest that the involvement of arachidonic acid metabolism in the action of
      insulin on protein synthesis is of physiological significance.

PMID- 3888197
TI  - Dietary cholesterol does not affect the synthesis of apolipoproteins B and E by
      rat hepatocytes.
AB  - To examine the unproved hypothesis that dietary cholesterol affects the synthesis
      of apolipoprotein B and E, we fed rats a cholesterol-rich diet that has been
      shown to alter dramatically the serum concentrations of these apolipoproteins.
      Rats fed for 4 weeks on a cholesterol-rich diet accumulate increased
      concentrations of low Mr apolipoprotein B (+2.7-fold) and decreased
      concentrations of apolipoprotein E (-40%) in their serum. Hepatocytes obtained
      from similarly treated rats were placed in monolayer culture and the rate of
      synthesis de novo of apolipoproteins was determined. Although cells from
      cholesterol-fed rats remained filled with lipid droplets throughout the
      experimental period, there was no difference in plating efficiency or viability,
      compared with cells obtained from chow-fed control rats. Both groups of cells
      synthesized and secreted immunoprecipitable apolipoproteins B and E at similar
      rates throughout the 18 h experiment. Thus there was a discordance between the
      effects of dietary cholesterol on serum apolipoprotein concentrations and
      hepatocyte synthesis and secretion. The data indicate that altered hepatic
      apolipoprotein synthesis cannot account for the changes in serum apolipoprotein
      concentrations caused by dietary cholesterol.

PMID- 3888198
TI  - Ca2+-binding protein of the human placenta. Characterization, immunohistochemical
      localization and functional involvement in Ca2+ transport.
AB  - The Ca2+-binding protein (HCaBP) of the human placenta was studied with respect
      to its biochemical properties, tissue and cellular distribution, and possible
      involvement in placental Ca2+ transport. Optimal Ca2+ binding by the HCaBP occurs
      at pH 7-8 and in 100 mM-Na+ and 3 mM-Ca2+. The HCaBP possesses at least 10 Ca2+
      binding sites with a Kd of 5 X 10(-6) M ([Ca2+]). Highly specific rabbit-derived
      anti-HCaBP antibodies were used for HCaBP immunoquantification and
      immunohistochemistry, which revealed that the HCaBP is localized in the chorionic
      villi and is primarily associated with the trophoblastic cells of the placenta.
      In addition, an 'in vitro' cell-free assay system for Ca2+ uptake was constructed
      with microsomal membranes isolated from term placental tissues. Ca2+ uptake by
      the placental microsomal fraction exhibited characteristics indicative of active
      Ca2+ transport such as temperature-dependence, saturability and energetic
      requirement. In this system, preincubation of microsomal membranes with anti
      HCaBP antibodies inhibited Ca2+ uptake, suggesting that the HCaBP is functionally
      involved in placental membrane Ca2+ uptake.

PMID- 3888199
TI  - The effect of prostaglandins E1, E2 and F2 alpha and indomethacin on the
      sensitivity of glycolysis and glycogen synthesis to insulin in stripped soleus
      muscles of the rat.
AB  - Prostaglandins E1 and E2 increased the sensitivity of glycolysis to insulin in
      the isolated stripped soleus muscle of the rat, but prostaglandin F2 alpha had no
      effect. Indomethacin, which inhibits prostaglandin formation, markedly decreased
      the sensitivity of glycolysis to insulin. These findings suggest that
      prostaglandins of the E series increase the sensitivity of muscle glycolysis to
      insulin in vivo.

PMID- 3888200
TI  - Insulin and C-peptide secretion from B cells in human subjects stimulated with
      glucose.
AB  - Two groups of immunoreactive insulin in human sera were reported by Kakita et al.
      (4), using gel chromatography after acid-alcohol extraction. These analogs were
      noted not only in circulating human sera but also in incubation medium and
      incubated human pancreas. The release of these insulin analogs was discussed in a
      previous report (5). The circulating C-peptide immunoreactivity was separated
      into two groups on a Bio-Gel column, and the early peak should not be proinsulin
      but an associated C peptide (6). These analogs of insulin were separated by the
      methods of ion-exchange chromatography, isoelectric focusing, gel
      electrophoresis, and gel chromatography. Immunoreactive insulin was also
      separated into two major bands by standard polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      The fast migrating band corresponds to the rat insulin II position, and the
      slower corresponds to rat insulin I, which has one more basic amino acid residue
      in comparison with rat insulin II. Further studies have been performed in five
      healthy adults in order to elucidate the physiological relationship between
      analogs of insulin and C-peptide peak substances in human serum; the results are
      reported in this paper with a consideration of the mechanism of insulin
      secretion.

PMID- 3888201
TI  - 4th international workshop: Isolated pancreatic islets and diabetes research.

PMID- 3888202
TI  - Effect of islet cell surface antibodies on neonatal rat pancreatic islet cells or
      isolated islets of Langerhans in vitro.
AB  - Islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA) raised by immunizing rabbits with pancreatic
      islet cell suspensions were characterized with respect to some aspects of their
      influence on neonatal rat islet cells or isolated islets of Langerhans. The
      removal of unspecific cytotoxic factors by absorption with liver powder and
      spleen cells was reflected in changes of the antibody binding pattern to islet
      cells demonstrated by flow-cytometric analysis as well as the corresponding 51Cr
      release from prelabelled islet cells. Using neonatal rat pancreatic islets as a
      target, fresh ICSA-positive serum provokes a beta-cell specific insulin leakage
      in a concentration dependent manner. In contrast to heat-inactivated antiserum
      the complement-mediated cytotoxic effect of rabbit anti-rat islet cell surface
      antiserum seems to have its morphological expression also in alterations of the
      islet surface structure as revealed by scanning electron microscopy.

PMID- 3888203
TI  - Complement-dependent cytotoxicity of monoclonal antibodies against islet cells.
AB  - Mouse monoclonal antibodies producing cell lines were generated against rat and
      human islet cells by somatic cell hybridization using the mouse myeloma cell line
      P3-X63-Ag8. Four hybrid cell lines are growing as ascites bearing tumors. All
      four monoclonal antibodies reacted with cytoplasmic islet cell antigens as
      detected by the indirect immunofluorescence technique on Bouin-fixed pancreatic
      sections of Wistar rats. Besides their binding to cytoplasmic antigens three of
      them also recognized antigens expressed at the islet cell surface. Moreover, two
      of these three monoclonal antibodies were capable of mediating complement
      dependent cytotoxicity against rat islet cells as revealed in a 51Cr-release
      assay.

PMID- 3888204
TI  - Flow cytometric analysis of monoclonal islet cell surface antibodies reacting
      with RINm5AH insulinoma cells.
AB  - Two monoclonal islet cell surface antibodies, isolated following immunization
      with human pancreatic islets, were analyzed for reactivity with the insulin
      producing rat islet tumor RINm5AH cell line using computer assisted flow
      cytometric analysis. The antibody binding was quantified utilizing the gating
      facilities, single and dual parameter analysis of this system which are not
      available in conventional assays for cell surface antibody determination. The two
      antibodies specifically bind to the RINm5AH cells, although the dual parameter
      analysis demonstrated binding to only a subpopulation.

PMID- 3888205
TI  - Diffusion of C-peptide but not proinsulin from islets in frozen sections of human
      pancreas identified by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Human proinsulin (HPI) and C-peptide (HCP) were visualized by specific monoclonal
      antibodies (Mab's) in the conventional indirect immunofluorescent assay for ICA
      (islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies) on frozen sections of human pancreas. Two
      different Mab's GS-9A8 (anti-HPI, mouse IgG1) and GN-ID4 (anti-HPI/HCP, rat
      IgG2a) showed both intense islet cell cytoplasmic staining. In contrast to the
      anti-HPI staining which was confined to cell bodies only the GN-ID4 Mab produced
      an additional extensive staining of treadlike structures radiating from the
      islets. Both types of staining were blocked by excess HPI. Staining of fixed
      islet cell tissue were identical for the two different antibodies. Double
      staining experiments clearly demonstrated that HCP but not HPI may diffuse from
      islets in sections of frozen human pancreas. It is concluded that antibodies
      cross-reacting with HCP do not define (pro) insulin containing cells.

PMID- 3888206
TI  - Dissociation between insulin secretion and DNA synthesis in cultured pancreatic
      islets.
AB  - Glucose has been suggested to be the most important stimulus for beta cell
      replication in vivo and in vitro. In order to study the relationship between
      insulin secretion and DNA synthesis, newborn rat islets were cultured in the
      presence of different concentrations of glucose, theophylline and 3-isobutyl-1
      methylxanthine (IBMX). DNA synthesis was evaluated by the incorporation of
      [3H]thymidine (3H-Tdr) into islet DNA, and the release of insulin and the content
      of insulin and DNA in the islets were determined. No difference in 3H-Tdr
      incorporation was observed after 24 h culture in 5.5, 11 and 22 mM glucose in
      spite of a dose dependent increase in insulin release. 5 mM theophylline
      potentiated the glucose induced insulin release but lowered both 3H-Tdr synthesis
      and insulin content in the islets. In contrast, 0.05 mM IBMX induced a
      significant stimulation of both insulin release and 3H-Tdr incorporation.
      However, long-term exposure to IBMX did not result in increased DNA content of
      the islets. Inhibition of the DNA synthesis by 5 mM hydroxyurea resulted in a
      marked reduction in DNA content of the islets but no decrease in either insulin
      release or insulin content when expressed per ng DNA. These results indicate that
      insulin secretion and DNA synthesis can be dissociated and may suggest
      participation of factors other than glucose in the control of beta cell
      replication.

PMID- 3888207
TI  - Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis of zinc and calcium in organelles of
      insulin-producing cells of the mouse, rat, and a fish.
AB  - By means of energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis in the scanning-transmission
      electron microscope, spectra were obtained from quick-frozen, cryo-ultramicrotome
      cut, freeze-dried sections of insulin cells from a fish and a mouse. It was shown
      that both zinc and calcium are present in significant quantities in native islet
      cell beta-granules. In the beta-granules of the rat RINm5F insuloma cells
      calcium, but not zinc, seemed to accumulate; the zinc contents in the secretion
      granules of these neoplastic beta-cells were probably below the detection limit.

PMID- 3888208
TI  - Ultrastructural basis for pseudoislet formation in cultivated isolated islet
      cells from neonatal rats.

PMID- 3888209
TI  - Demonstration of respiratory pigments in clonal insulin-producing beta-cells.
AB  - The amounts of cytochromes and flavoproteins in insulin-producing RINm5F-cells
      were investigated with dual wavelength spectroscopy. The cytochromes a, a3, b and
      c were present in normal stoichiometric proportions. Whereas each cytochrome
      occurred in a concentration corresponding to 25-75 mumol/kg protein, the total
      amount of flavoproteins was equivalent to about 200 mumol/kg protein. In support
      of the existence of a functional respiratory chain, the cytochromes reacted
      normally both to additions of oxygen and to the inhibitors antimycin A and
      amytal.

PMID- 3888210
TI  - Pathogenetic mechanisms of hereditary diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3888211
TI  - The dual action of glucose on the cytosolic Ca2+ activity in pancreatic beta
      cells. Demonstration of an inhibitory effect of glucose on insulin release in the
      mouse and man.
AB  - The cytosolic Ca2+ activity was measured with the fluorescent indicator quin-2 in
      pancreatic beta-cells obtained from obese-hyperglycemic mice. When present at a
      concentration of 20 mmol/l in a medium physiologically balanced in cations,
      glucose induced a rise of cytosolic Ca2+ after a delay of 1--3 min. At lower
      concentrations of extracellular Ca2+ this effect was not only prevented but the
      sugar promptly reduced the cytosolic Ca2+ activity. The dual effect of glucose on
      cytosolic Ca2+ had its counterpart in the release of insulin. Whereas 20 mmol/l
      of glucose stimulated the release of insulin from mouse islets previously stored
      in a Ca2+-deficient medium, the sugar was clearly inhibitory when present at a
      concentration of 6 mmol/l. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests revealed a
      temporary glucose depression of the serum concentrations of insulin and C-peptide
      in several patients with diabetes. In a mentally retarded girl with
      hyperinsulinemia associated with acanthosis nigricans the glucose suppression of
      circulating insulin was prolonged and sufficiently pronounced to suggest an
      almost complete inhibition of the secretory activity of the pancreatic B-cells.

PMID- 3888212
TI  - Effects of glucose deprivation and altered Ca2+ concentrations on clonal insulin
      producing cells (RINm5F).
AB  - The effects of various Ca2+ concentrations and glucose deprivation on cell
      proliferation, insulin secretion and contents of insulin, calcium and magnesium
      were studied in a clonal cell line (RINm5F) established from a transplantable rat
      islet tumor. The RINm5F cells were equally effective in proliferating and
      releasing insulin at Ca2+ concentrations ranging from 0.16 to 4.4 mM. In
      contradistinction to normal beta-cells, the amounts of calcium in the RINm5F
      cells remained relatively constant after lowering the extracellular concentration
      of Ca2+ and inhibiting the entrance of the ion with D-600. However, culture at
      4.4 mM Ca2+ resulted in substantial incorporation of cellular calcium and a
      simultaneous reduction of the insulin content. Cells deprived of glucose had a
      significantly lower dry weight, were less able to exclude trypan blue and
      contained and released less insulin. Since protein biosynthesis is strictly
      dependent upon an adequate intracellular concentration of Mg2+, these long term
      effects of glucose removal might be related to the concomitant decrease in the
      cellular content of magnesium.

PMID- 3888213
TI  - Glucose and phosphate modulation of intracellular 45Ca incorporated into
      pancreatic islets during culture in the absence and presence of serum.
AB  - The effects of glucose and phosphate on the intracellular 45Ca content were
      measured in beta-cell-rich pancreatic islets cultured in media containing or
      lacking serum. Irrespective of the glucose and serum concentrations there were no
      or very small increments of 45Ca contents when phosphate was raised from 0.8 to
      5.8 mM during culture for 1 day. However, after 7 days of culture in serum-free
      medium there was a massive accumulation of 45Ca in the islets in response to the
      higher phosphate concentration. Glucose markedly reduced, and serum eliminated,
      the extensive accumulation probably due to increased cell viability. In the cells
      cultured in the presence of serum, raising the glucose concentration from 1.0 to
      5.5 mM resulted in an increased incorporation of 45Ca. This effect was
      particularly pronounced after culture for 7 days in 5.8 mM phosphate. A further
      increase of glucose to 20 mM reduced the 45Ca content. The results are consistent
      with the concept that glucose both stimulates 45Ca uptake into different beta
      cell pools and degranulates the cell with associated loss of intracellular
      calcium from the granular calcium pool.

PMID- 3888214
TI  - Use of digitonin permeabilization for characterization of calcium incorporated
      into beta-cells in response to glucose.
AB  - beta-Cell rich pancreatic islets were used to characterize 45Ca uptake into pools
      with different sensitivities to permeabilization with digitonin. The plasma and
      secretory granule membranes were among the membranes most sensitive to digitonin
      treatment whereas the mitochondria were more resistant. Most of the 45Ca
      incorporated in response to glucose was found in a fraction released after
      exposure to a high concentration of digitonin. The results suggest that glucose
      promotes active sequestration of calcium in mitochondria and that the uptake of
      45Ca in the secretory granules is secondary to a raised cytosolic Ca2+ activity.

PMID- 3888215
TI  - Lack of strong association between residual human C-peptide secretion and islet
      cell antibodies, complement-dependent antibody-mediated cytotoxicity, and HLA
      antigens in newly diagnosed type I diabetics.

PMID- 3888216
TI  - Sedimentation analysis of ribonucleotide reductase activity in extracts of
      Pseudomonas stutzeri.
AB  - Analysis of ribonucleotide reductase and DNA polymerase activities in extracts of
      Pseudomonas stutzeri by centrifugation in discontinuous sucrose gradients
      indicated that these two enzymes are associated with two different high molecular
      weight cellular components. In addition, 95% of the ribonucleotide reductase
      activity was pelleted by centrifugation of extracts for 4 hr at 200,000 X G. The
      reductase activity remained particulate (sedimentable) following sonication
      whereas some 90% of the DNA polymerase activity was rendered soluble (non
      sedimentable) by this technique. This data indicate that the P. stutzeri
      ribonucleotide reductase is not a cytosolic enzyme, but is associated with a
      macromolecular component in the cell.

PMID- 3888217
TI  - Insulin binding and degradation in isolated hepatocytes from streptozotocin
      injected rats.
AB  - Isolated hepatocytes from streptozotocin injected rats bound the same amount of
      [125I]monoiodoinsulin as hepatocytes from control rats. Scatchard analysis
      confirmed that insulin receptor number and affinity were the same for both
      groups. Relatively more cell-associated radioactivity was located intracellularly
      in hepatocytes from streptozotocin injected rats. Pretreatment with chloroquine
      resulted in a smaller increase in intracellular [125I]monoiodoinsulin in cells
      isolated from streptozotocin injected rats than for control cells. These results
      suggest that intracellular insulin processing occurs more slowly in hepatocytes
      isolated from streptozotocin injected rats than from control rats.

PMID- 3888218
TI  - Identification of the forms of cytochrome P-450 induced in rat liver by 2
      acetylaminofluorene using immunoblotting and partial purification.
AB  - The amounts of 5 different forms of cytochrome P-450 in liver microsomes from
      rats treated with 2-acetylaminofluorene were determined and compared with the
      corresponding patterns in microsomes from control, 3-methylcholanthrene- and
      phenobarbital-treated animals. 2-Acetylaminofluorene was found to increase the
      amount of cytochromes P-450b + e 10-fold and of cytochrome P-450d 3-fold, while
      there was a 54% increase in the level of cytochrome P-450 PB/PCN-E. Cytochrome P
      450c was increased from a level too low to detect (less than 0.001 pmol/mg
      protein) to 0.019 pmol/mg protein. These findings were also confirmed by partial
      purification of cytochromes P-450b + e and c after 2-acetylaminofluorene
      treatment.

PMID- 3888219
TI  - Ethanol inhibits hormone stimulated hepatocyte DNA synthesis.
AB  - Insulin, glucagon, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) addition stimulated DNA
      synthesis in primary hepatocyte cell cultures prepared from adult rat liver. The
      addition of ethanol (20-200mM) to the culture medium resulted in a substantial
      reduction in DNA synthesis as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation and
      autoradiography. This effect was specific for differentiated hepatocytes compared
      to fibroblasts and two other human hepatoma cell lines. These studies demonstrate
      in a cell culture system that one of the major properties of ethanol is the
      inhibition of hepatocyte DNA synthesis.

PMID- 3888220
TI  - Endogenous release of hepoxilin A3 from isolated perifused pancreatic islets of
      Langerhans.
AB  - Pancreatic islets of Langerhans were perifused with Krebs-bicarbonate solution
      containing glucose (5 and 10 mM). The perifusate was spiked with tetradeuterated
      hepoxilin A3 and was extracted and analysed by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry using NICI detection. Evidence is presented showing the presence of
      hepoxilin A3 as the hydrolysis product trioxilin A3. These results demonstrate
      for the first time that this pathway is active in intact cells; this finding,
      taken together with our previous evidence that hepoxilins possess insulin
      secretagogue properties further supports our hypothesis that these products could
      play a role as endogenous mediators of insulin release.

PMID- 3888221
TI  - Electrochemical luminescence-based homogeneous immunoassay.
AB  - Aromatic hydrocarbon such as pyrene capable of generating electrochemical
      luminescence was employed as a label of immunoassay. Pyrene labeled antigen
      generated luminescence upon electrolytic reduction, while the luminescence
      decreased remarkably in the presence of antibody. The labeled antigen (constant)
      and free antigen were competitively reacted to the constant amount of antibody.
      The luminescence was correlated to the antigen concentration as little as 10(-6)M
      antigen. The proposed method is a very unique immunochemical technique which
      requires no BF separation.

PMID- 3888222
TI  - Modification of Escherichia coli ribosomes: in vitro termination is less
      dependent on histidine residues at the peptidyl transferase centre when ribosomes
      lack protein L11.
AB  - Chemical modification of ribosomes with the histidine specific reagents, 1-fluoro
      2,4-dinitrobenzene (FDNB) and diethylpyrocarbonate (DEP), result in a loss of
      activities in vitro of codon-dependent termination and peptide bond formation.
      The binding of release factor (RF) to the ribosome is unaffected but the
      hydrolysis of peptidyl-tRNA is inhibited. On reversal of the modification
      activity can be restored. Partial protection is provided by chloramphenicol
      indicating that one or more of the affected residues is at the peptidyl
      transferase centre. Codon-dependent termination on ribosomes lacking L11, which
      have a greater affinity for RF-2, is significantly less affected by the
      modification than on control ribosomes. Peptide bond formation is affected
      similarly on L11 lacking and normal ribosomes.

PMID- 3888223
TI  - Circadian rhythm of HMG-CoA reductase and insulin in African green monkeys.
AB  - HMG-CoA reductase in hepatic microsomes and serum insulin display circadian
      rhythm in two strains of Cercopethicus aethiops. Grivets develop higher levels of
      serum cholesterol than vervets fed cholesterol. Males (n = 20/gp) were adapted to
      a light cycle (7:30 a.m.-8:30 p.m.) for 60 days and fed a non-cholesterol diet at
      8:30 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. Vervet acrophase, reductase activity was synchronized to
      serum insulin units with a specific activity of 1480 pmol/min/mg protein changing
      by 7.5-fold from nadir to acrophase. The activity profile in grivets was
      asynchronous to vervet fluctuations with peaks at 12 noon (160 pmol/min/mg) and 6
      p.m. (275 pmol/min/mg). Insulin levels also peaked near these times. The 24-h
      reductase activity was over 4 times greater in vervet than grivet livers. The
      similar rhythmic patterns of reductase and insulin support the notion that
      insulin plays an important role in the rhythm of HMG-CoA reductase in primates.

PMID- 3888224
TI  - Quantitative determination of cytochromes in the aerobic respiratory chain of
      Escherichia coli by high-performance liquid chromatography and its application to
      analysis of mitochondrial cytochromes.
AB  - A method was established for quantitative determination of the composition and
      the amounts of cytochromes in the aerobic respiratory chain of Escherichia coli.
      Cytochromes were solubilized with 3%(W/V) Sarkosyl and the extract was analyzed
      by high-performance liquid chromatography on a gel permeation column of TSK gel
      G3000SW. This analytical system required only about 0.5 mg of membrane protein
      and 20 min per assay. The effects of the gene dosage of F-prime factors and
      plasmids on cytochromes were analyzed with this system, and the system was
      applied to the analysis of mitochondrial cytochromes.

PMID- 3888226
TI  - Damage of Trypanosoma cruzi deoxyribonucleic acid by nitroheterocyclic drugs.
AB  - Kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) from Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes pretreated with the
      trypanocidal drugs nifurtimox (10 or 100 microM) or benznidazole (38 or 380
      microM) showed an increased number of strand-breaks, as revealed by (a) trapping
      of alkali-denatured kDNA by nitrocellulose filters and (b) electrophoresis in an
      alkaline 2% agarose gel. Similar damage was observed in nuclear DNA (nDNA), as
      detected by centrifugation in an alkaline-sucrose gradient. DNA damage was
      reversible since reincubation in fresh medium for 24 hr restored filtration and
      electrophoretic and sedimentation patterns to normal.

PMID- 3888225
TI  - Inhibition of rat and human prolidases by captopril.
AB  - We examined the effects of captopril on prolidase activity of crude homogenates
      of various tissues in the rat and in the human. It was found that captopril
      caused significant inhibition of prolidases from liver, kidney, and intestine in
      both species, whereas it showed minimal inhibitory effect on erythrocyte
      prolidase. In the rat, Ki for the inhibition of kidney and liver prolidases was
      in the range of 25-35 microM while, in the human, the value was considerably
      higher. The nature of inhibition was found to be competitive both in the rat and
      in the human. Oral administration of captopril (daily dose, 40 mg/kg) for 7 days
      in the rat resulted in increased urinary excretion of peptide-bound 4-hydroxy-L
      proline compared to controls, indicating in vivo inhibition of tissue prolidases
      by captopril.

PMID- 3888227
TI  - Effects of nifedipine on insulin secretion and glucose metabolism in rats and in
      hypertensive type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetics.
AB  - The effects of nifedipine (Adalat) on glucose metabolism and insulin release were
      studied in rats and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with
      hypertension. 1. In rats, 2.5-50 micrograms/kg of intravenous nifedipine reduced
      glucose tolerance and insulin release after intravenous glucose in a dose related
      fashion, although fasting blood sugar and insulin were not affected at 50
      micrograms/kg of nifedipine. 2. Daily 20 to 60 mg of oral nifedipine for 12-75
      weeks to 14 type 2 diabetics with hypertension did not affect their fasting blood
      glucose or hemoglobin A1. Mean glucose tolerance curve after the treatment was
      significantly ameliorated, although insulin response during the oral glucose
      loading did not show any significant change. Those results suggest firstly that
      there may be a difference in insulinopenic effect of nifedipine between the
      species, and secondly that long-term administration of nifedipine produced no
      adverse influence on glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetics.

PMID- 3888228
TI  - Chemical, enzymological and pharmacological equivalence of urokinases isolated
      from genetically transformed bacteria and human urine.
AB  - Low molecular weight urokinase (LUK), which was prepared from E. coli containing
      a plasmid coding for human pro-urokinase, has an amino acid sequence identical to
      that of LUK isolated from human urine (uLUK) but lacks the carbohydrate side
      chain at Asn 144 of the B chain. This chemical difference results in an altered
      mobility in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and an apparently increased
      specific activity of the E. coli-derived product (cLUK) in diffusion-limited test
      systems (fibrin agar plate tests). Comparative enzymological investigations in
      homogeneous phases reveal that the active centers and the substrate recognition
      sites of cLUK and uLUK are congruent. No significant difference between the
      enzymes was detectable in the following parameters: Michaelis constants and
      maximum velocities with the synthetic substrate S-2444; activation rates of human
      and porcine plasminogen; specificity for ten chromogenic substrates; inhibition
      constants for the competitive inhibitor benzamidine; inhibition by placental
      urokinase inhibitor and polyclonal antibodies. Further, cLUK and uLUK dissolved
      fibrin clots prepared from human plasma in vitro with essentially identical
      velocities. Both, cLUK and uLUK efficiently lysed injected emboli in rabbits and
      prevented renal fibrin deposition and death due to endotoxin infusion in rats. It
      is concluded that cLUK, despite the lack of the carbohydrate side chain, is
      functionally identical and pharmacologically equivalent to uLUK.

PMID- 3888229
TI  - On the effects of dietary n-3 fatty acids (Maxepa) on plasma lipids and
      lipoproteins in patients with hyperlipidaemia.
AB  - An encapsulated preparation of fish oil (Maxepa) was administered to
      hyperlipidaemic patients in order to establish the responsiveness of the common
      lipid phenotypes to dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acids. 13 patients
      took 6 g/day of fish oil and 12 patients took 16 g/day in a randomized, double
      blind crossover study, whereby each subject took fish oil for 3 months and
      matching placebo for 3 months. The study was conducted against a background diet
      restricted in saturated fat and cholesterol. In Types IIa and IIb
      hyperlipoproteinaemia there was no substantial fall in plasma cholesterol
      concentration. Plasma triglyceride concentrations were reduced significantly in
      Types IIb and IV (28% and 41% respective reductions). In a separate study using
      16 g/day of fish oil in patients with Type V hyperlipoproteinaemia, plasma
      triglycerides were reduced by 58% and plasma cholesterol concentration by 34%.
      The change in plasma triglyceride concentration was significantly correlated with
      the basal triglyceride level (r = -0.94), and was dose-related (33% fall on 6
      g/day and 58% fall on 16 g/day). The fall in plasma triglyceride concentration
      was accompanied by a significant reduction in the concentration of very low
      density lipoprotein cholesterol (-42%), a significant rise in low density
      lipoprotein cholesterol (+7%), and a significant rise in high-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol concentration (+6%), there being no significant change in the ratio
      of low density to high density lipoprotein cholesterol. There were changes in the
      fatty acid composition of plasma and platelet lipids which reflected dietary
      supplementation with n-3 fatty acids, notably an increase in the proportion of
      eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids which occurred in a dose-dependent
      fashion. Despite these changes there was no significant variation in the bleeding
      time, platelet count or blood viscosity during the treatment.

PMID- 3888230
TI  - Critical care medicine: an annotated bibliography of the recent literature.

PMID- 3888231
TI  - Legal aspects of human genetics.

PMID- 3888232
TI  - Hospice care: what have we learned?

PMID- 3888233
TI  - Prolactin response to sulpiride in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Blood glucose, insulin and prolactin concentrations were determined before and
      after sulpiride injection (50 mg i.m.) in 20 non-insulin-dependent diabetic
      patients (10 with retinopathy and 10 without evidence of retinal damage) and 10
      subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Prolactin response to sulpiride was
      significantly higher in diabetics than in controls (at 20 min., p less than 0.01;
      at 30 and 60 min., p less than 0.005; at 90 min., p less than 0.01; at 120 min.,
      p less than 0.05). The sulpiride induced hyperprolactinemia did not influence
      blood glucose and plasma insulin levels in controls as well as in diabetic
      patients. Prolactin response to sulpiride was the same in diabetics with and in
      those without retinal changes. We conclude that acute hyperprolactinemia seems to
      have no influence on glucose homeostasis in normal and non insulin-dependent
      diabetic subjects.

PMID- 3888234
TI  - Anatomy in the XVIIth century: the great discoveries.

PMID- 3888235
TI  - Anatomical basis of intervertebral disc puncture with chemonucleolysis.
AB  - Transparietal puncture of the lumbar intervertebral discs is done to achieve
      enzymatic nucleolysis. This technique requires firm understanding of the
      morphology and topography of the anatomical structures traversed by the needle as
      well as those to be avoided. Vertebral disc puncture with chemonucleolysis has
      been done by the author for four years. The aim of this study was to identify the
      parameters allowing facilitation of this procedure, thereby leading to a
      decreased X-ray exposure. To achieve this goal an analytical study of the target
      structure and its neurovascular, osseous and visceral relations was carried out.
      The results of this study led to practical conclusions regarding especially the
      parameters of disc puncture, their preoperative identification and the risks
      encountered in case of erroneous puncture.

PMID- 3888236
TI  - A Victorian dentist and his household.

PMID- 3888237
TI  - Reaction to Scotchbond.

PMID- 3888238
TI  - 'The toast is Sir Robert Bradlaw.' On the occasion of his 80th birthday.

PMID- 3888239
TI  - Circulatory responses to thiopentone and tracheal intubation in patients with
      coronary artery disease. Effects of pretreatment with labetalol.
AB  - The haemodynamic responses to induction and tracheal intubation have been studied
      in patients with coronary artery disease randomly assigned to a labetalol
      pretreatment group (n = 14) or to a placebo group (n = 16). Twelve hour before
      operation, treated patients received a bolus dose of labetalol 0.5 mg kg-1
      followed by a constant infusion of 0.1 mg kg-1 h-1 i.v. Anaesthesia was induced
      with thiopentone and phenoperidine, and intubation performed following the
      administration of suxamethonium. At intubation, the changes in heart rate (P less
      than 0.01), mean arterial pressure (P less than 0.05) and rate-pressure product
      (P less than 0.01) were significantly smaller in the labetalol group compared
      with the placebo group. Labetalol pretreatment appears satisfactory and may be
      useful in patients with coronary artery disease who have a normal left
      ventricular ejection fraction.

PMID- 3888240
TI  - The effects of propranolol and digoxin on the acute vascular responses to
      frusemide in normal man.
AB  - To examine the importance of acute frusemide-induced renin release in the
      production of the acute peripheral venous and arterial responses to frusemide in
      man, the effects of two drugs, previously described as inhibitors of acute
      frusemide-induced renin release, propranolol and digoxin, were examined.
      Propranolol abolished the acute increases in venous capacitance and blood
      pressure and attenuated the increases in forearm vascular resistance produced by
      frusemide. The acute increases in plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone
      concentrations were also abolished. Pre-treatment with digoxin had no effect on
      the acute peripheral vascular responses to frusemide and failed to inhibit the
      acute increases in plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone produced by
      frusemide. The study provides further evidence of a relationship between acute
      frusemide-induced renin release and the acute peripheral vascular effects of
      frusemide in man.

PMID- 3888241
TI  - A comparison of the effects of lorazepam with those of propranolol on
      experimentally-induced anxiety and performance.
AB  - In a double-blind cross-over study the effects of propranolol (80 mg) and of
      lorazepam (1 or 2.5 mg) were assessed in normal student volunteers using a number
      of performance tests and mood-rating and bodily symptom questionnaires. Drug
      effects on experimentally-induced anxiety were also studied. The high dose of
      lorazepam impaired performance in digit-symbol substitution, symbol copying and
      verbal learning tests, and increased subjects' ratings of dizziness. Both
      lorazepam and propranolol increased simple reaction time. Lorazepam but not
      propranolol increased ratings of sedation. Although the stressor increased
      subjects' ratings of anxiety, neither drug altered anxiety ratings. Propranolol
      decreased and lorazepam increased subjects' pulse. These changes were not
      reflected in subjects' self-ratings - lorazepam caused a reduction in ratings of
      palpitations. The results suggest that if administered acutely, neither drug is
      beneficial in the treatment of short-term anxiety associated with intellectual
      stress.

PMID- 3888242
TI  - Indomethacin does not attenuate the ocular hypotensive effect of timolol.

PMID- 3888243
TI  - Reduced survival with radiotherapy and razoxane compared with radiotherapy alone
      for inoperable lung cancer in a randomised double-blind trial.

PMID- 3888244
TI  - The use of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Streptococcus pyogenes to induce a serum
      factor causing tumour necrosis.

PMID- 3888245
TI  - Intercellular canaliculi in eccrine sweat glands: an immunoperoxidase study.
AB  - Using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, both epithelial membrane antigen
      and carcinoembryonic antigen were identified within the ducts and secretory coils
      of the eccrine sweat gland. Antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen stained the
      intercellular canaliculi of the secretory coils, as did those antisera to CEA
      which showed activity against normal cross-reacting antigen (CEX, NCA). Those
      without such activity showed minimal or no staining of intercellular canaliculi.
      There is a difference in antigenic expression between the acinar cells and their
      intercellular canaliculi, and the cells of eccrine ducts.

PMID- 3888247
TI  - The routine use of ultrasound.

PMID- 3888248
TI  - Quality of controlled clinical trials. The case of imaging ultrasound in
      obstetrics: a review.
AB  - Randomized controlled trials are increasingly used to assess clinical practices
      in obstetrics and gynaecology. The strength of these studies is that they usually
      address the issue of selection bias satisfactorily. Yet, as with any form of
      scientific investigation, the randomized controlled trial has inherent
      limitations and is subject to flaws in its conduct. Using basic methodological
      criteria, this report assesses the quality of the four published controlled
      trials in which a policy of routine imaging ultrasonography in pregnancy was
      compared with a more restrictive policy. In addition, a pooled analysis using
      data from all four trials was conducted to illustrate how increasing the sample
      size may reveal differences between the two policies which remain undetected in
      trials using small samples. The researchers in these studies reached different
      conclusions as to the effectiveness of routine ultrasound screening. Taken
      together, these four trials provide valuable information about routine ultrasound
      screening but fail to demonstrate adequately the usefulness of imaging ultrasound
      as a screening procedure for all pregnant women. The assessment criteria
      presented here could be used by investigators, editors, referees and other
      readers as a guideline for assessing the quality of therapeutic studies upon
      which clinical practice should be based.

PMID- 3888246
TI  - The effect of etretinate compared with different regimens of PUVA in the
      treatment of persistent palmoplantar pustulosis.
AB  - Eighty-four patients with persistent palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) of long
      duration were treated with either etretinate or one of three PUVA regimens. PUVA
      was given either with oral methoxsalen (thirteen cases), with a 1% methoxsalen
      cream (thirty-three cases) or with trioxsalen baths (eighteen cases). Twenty
      patients were treated with etretinate. Patients were assessed every fourth week.
      A mean score for each group was calculated at each visit based on erythema,
      desquamation, induration and pustulation. In addition, the number of pustules was
      calculated at each visit. After 12 weeks four of twenty-eight patients treated
      with local methoxsalen and fourteen of seventeen patients treated with etretinate
      had completely cleared. At this stage no patient treated with local trioxsalen or
      oral methoxsalen showed complete clearance.

PMID- 3888249
TI  - James Barlow (1767-1839): operator of the first successful caesarean section in
      England.

PMID- 3888250
TI  - Single-dose amoxycillin in the treatment of bacteriuria in pregnancy and the
      puerperium--a controlled clinical trial.
AB  - Ninety obstetric patients with significant bacteriuria were treated randomly with
      either a single dose of 3 g amoxycillin or with a conventional course of
      ampicillin over 7 days. Treatment groups were comparable in terms of age,
      gravidity and socioeconomic status, and the outcome of pregnancy in the two
      groups did not differ significantly. Cure rates, assessed at 1 week and 6 weeks
      after treatment, were not significantly different: 88% for single-dose treatment
      and 84% for conventional treatment. It is concluded that a single dose of 3 g
      amoxycillin is a safe, effective and acceptable treatment for bacteriuria in
      pregnancy and the puerperium.

PMID- 3888251
TI  - Silicone oil keratopathy: indications for keratoplasty.
AB  - A penetrating corneal graft was performed in 12 patients for corneal
      opacification induced by silicone oil. The patients were all aphakic. They had
      had vitrectomy and silicone oil injection for complicated retinal detachment,
      often with periretinal proliferation. The average follow-up time was 13.7 months,
      during which four out of 11 grafts failed (one case was lost to follow-up). One
      patient developed severe calcific band keratopathy, and three grafts failed from
      endothelial decompensation. Changes induced by silicone oil include band
      keratopathy, thinning, and endothelial damage. The indications for keratoplasty
      for these corneal changes are discussed.

PMID- 3888252
TI  - Multiple cotton wool spots following bone marrow transplantation for treatment of
      acute lymphatic leukaemia.
AB  - Three patients with acute lymphatic leukaemia developed visual impairment due to
      occlusion of small retinal vessels with multiple cotton wool spots after
      treatment which included whole body and skull irradiation followed by bone marrow
      transplantation and cyclosporin A. Withdrawal of cyclosporin A and treatment with
      corticosteroids was followed by recovery of visual acuity. This retinopathy and
      the retinal changes seen in the immunodeficiency syndrome are thought to be
      closely related. The possible role of cyclosporin A is discussed, though cotton
      wool spots and retinal haemorrhages have never been described in renal transplant
      patients during treatment with this drug. Withdrawal of cyclosporin A, which is
      highly effective in preventing graft-versus-host disease, can be fatal.
      Irradiation of the skull prior to bone marrow transplantation and intrathecal
      administration of methotrexate may be the most important factors causing the
      retinal ischaemic signs described here. The inclusion of an ophthalmologist in
      the team monitoring transplant patients would lead to increased documentation and
      a better understanding of this disease.

PMID- 3888253
TI  - Control of postoperative astigmatism.
AB  - Thirty-six eyes with excessive astigmatism following cataract extraction via a
      corneal section were subjected to suture adjustment. This was performed six to
      eight weeks postoperatively under topical anaesthesia. The cases were selected
      from a large volume of corneal section cases because they had over 3.0 dioptres
      astigmatism. We reduced astigmatism significantly in the majority. There were no
      serious complications.

PMID- 3888254
TI  - Control of astigmatism after surgery and trauma: a new technique.
AB  - Five patients were subjected to a new technique designed to correct high
      astigmatism not responding to suture removal or adjustment. The method is
      described and its use illustrated in five case histories. Four of the five cases
      were successfully treated. The reasons for the one failure are discussed. All
      procedures were uncomplicated. The technique is simple, safe, and reversible.

PMID- 3888255
TI  - RecA protein rapidly crystallizes in the presence of spermidine: a valuable step
      in its purification and physical characterization.
AB  - The RecA protein of Escherichia coli, whether pure or in a crude cell lysate,
      will rapidly form small crystals (microcrystals) in the presence of low
      concentrations of spermidine. We describe the conditions of time, pH, and
      polyamine concentration over which crystallization occurs. Microcrystal formation
      is inhibited by concentrations of chloride over 25 mM and concentrations of
      phosphate or sulfate ions as low as 2 mM. Crystallization is not inhibited by
      high concentrations of other proteins, and the RecA protein microcrystals are
      easily collected by brief centrifugation. This provides a powerful purification
      step with high yield. Using this novel property, we prepared over 200 mg of RecA
      protein at least 95% pure with a single-strand DNA-dependent ATPase activity of
      98% from 65 g of cells in 2-3 days. Spermidine was easily removed from the RecA
      protein by dialysis.

PMID- 3888256
TI  - Functional and immunochemical characterization of a mutant of Escherichia coli
      energy uncoupled for lactose transport.
AB  - Right-side-out cytoplasmic membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli ML 308-22, a
      mutant "uncoupled" for beta-galactoside/H+ symport [Wong, P. T. S., Kashket, E.
      R., & Wilson, T. H. (1970) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 65, 63], are
      specifically defective in the ability to catalyze accumulation of methyl 1-thio
      beta-D-galactopyranoside (TMG) in the presence of an H+ electrochemical gradient
      (interior negative and alkaline). Furthermore, the rate of carrier-mediated
      efflux under nonenergized conditions is slow and unaffected by ambient pH from pH
      5.5 to 7.5, and TMG-induced H+ influx is only about 15% of that observed in
      vesicles containing wild-type lac permease (ML 308-225). Alternatively, ML 308-22
      vesicles bind p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside and monoclonal antibody 4B1
      to the same extent as ML 308-225 vesicles and catalyze facilitated diffusion and
      equilibrium exchange as well as ML 308-225 vesicles. When entrance counterflow is
      studied with external substrate at saturating and subsaturating concentrations,
      it is apparent that the mutation simulates the effects of deuterium oxide
      [Viitanen, P., Garcia, M. L., Foster, D. L., Kaczorowski, G. J., & Kaback, H. R.
      (1983) Biochemistry 22, 2531]. That is, the mutation has no effect on the rate or
      extent of counterflow when external substrate is saturating but stimulates the
      efficiency of counterflow when external substrate is below the apparent Km.
      Moreover, although replacement of protium with deuterium stimulates counterflow
      in ML 308-225 vesicles when external substrate is subsaturating, the isotope has
      no effect on the mutant vesicles under the same conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3888257
TI  - Kinetic analysis of respiratory nitrate reductase from Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - Purified respiratory nitrate reductase from Escherichia coli is able to use
      either reduced viologen dyes or quinols as the electron donor and nitrate,
      chlorate, or bromate as the electron acceptor. When reduced viologen dyes act as
      the electron donor, the enzyme follows a compulsory-order, "Theorell-Chance"
      mechanism, in which it is an enzyme-nitrate complex that is reduced rather than
      the free enzyme. In contrast, if quinols are used as the electron donor, then the
      enzyme operates by a two-site, enzyme-substitution mechanism. Partial proteolysis
      of the cytochrome b containing holoenzyme by trypsin results in loss of
      cytochrome b and in cleavage of one of the enzyme's subunits. The cytochrome-free
      derivative exhibits a viologen dye dependent activity that is indistinguishable
      from that of the holoenzyme, but it is incapable of catalyzing the quinol
      dependent reaction. The quinol-dependent, but not the viologen dye dependent,
      activity is inhibited irreversibly by exposure to diethyl pyrocarbonate and
      reversibly by treatment with 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide. We conclude
      that the holoenzyme has two independent and spatially distinct active sites, one
      for quinol oxidation and the other for nitrate reduction.

PMID- 3888258
TI  - Bacterial phosphotransferase system: regulation of mannitol enzyme II activity by
      sulfhydryl oxidation.
AB  - The mechanism by which the oxidation-reduction potential regulates the bacterial
      phosphotransferase system in Escherichia coli has been investigated.
      Transphosphorylation experiments verified that the oxidizing agent, potassium
      ferricyanide, directly inhibits mannitol enzyme II activity. Phosphorylation of
      enzyme IImtl with enzyme I, heat-stable phosphocarrier protein of the
      phosphotransferase system, and phosphoenolpyruvate partially protects the enzyme
      from ferricyanide inhibition. The enzyme is even less sensitive to inhibition
      during catalytic turnover. Preincubation of unphosphorylated enzyme with
      ferricyanide, however, reversibly inactivates it even at high mannitol
      concentrations. The results are inconsistent with a regulatory mechanism in which
      sulfhydryl oxidation influences the affinity of the enzyme for the substrate.
      Instead, it is concluded that the oxidized enzyme is inactive.

PMID- 3888259
TI  - Mechanism of action of cysteine proteinases: oxyanion binding site is not
      essential in the hydrolysis of specific substrates.
AB  - To study the possible stabilization of the oxyanion of the tetrahedral
      intermediate formed in the course of the catalyses by cysteine proteinases,
      papain, chymopapain, papaya peptidase A, and ficin, we synthesized N
      (benzyloxycarbonyl)phenylalanylthioglycine O-ethyl ester and compared its
      hydrolysis with that of the corresponding oxygen ester, a highly specific
      substrate of the above enzymes. It was found that the substitution of sulfur for
      the carbonyl oxygen hardly affected the second-order rate constant of acylation
      and diminished catalytic activity by about 1 order of magnitude in deacylation.
      These results contrast with those obtained with serine proteinases [Asboth, B., &
      Polgar, L. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 117-122], where the hydrolysis of thiono
      esters could not be detected. From the results the following conclusions can be
      drawn. Stabilization of the tetrahedral intermediate at an oxyanion binding site
      is not essential with cysteine proteinases. Therefore, and because of the lack of
      general base catalysis, cysteine proteinases have a less constrained transition
      state structure than serine proteinases.

PMID- 3888260
TI  - Direct determination of the association constant between elongation factor Tu X
      GTP and aminoacyl-tRNA using fluorescence.
AB  - We have investigated the formation of the aa-tRNA X EF-Tu X GTP ternary complex
      spectroscopically by monitoring a fluorescence change that accompanies the
      association of EF-Tu X GTP with Phe-tRNAPhe-F8, a functionally active analogue of
      Phe-tRNAPhe with a fluorescein moiety covalently attached to the s4U-8 base. With
      this approach, the protein-nucleic acid interaction could be examined by direct
      means and at equilibrium. The fluorescence emission intensity of each Phe-tRNAPhe
      F8 increased by 36-55% upon association with EF-Tu X GTP, depending on the
      solvent conditions. Thus, when Phe-tRNAPhe-F8 was titrated with EF-Tu X GTP, the
      extent of ternary complex formation was determined from the increase in emission
      intensity. A nonlinear least-squares analysis of the titration data yielded a
      dissociation constant of 0.85 nM for the ternary complex in 50 mM N-(2
      hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (pH 7.6), 10 mM MgCl2, and 50 mM
      NH4Cl, at 6 degrees C. The delta H degrees of this interaction, determined by the
      temperature dependence of Kd, was -16 kcal/mol; the delta S degrees was therefore
      -16 cal mol-1 deg-1 at 6 degrees C in this buffer. In a more physiological
      polycation-containing solvent ("polymix"), the Kd was 4.7 nM. The ionic strength
      dependence of ternary complex formation showed that a minimum of two salt bridges
      and a substantial nonelectrostatic contribution are involved in the binding of aa
      tRNA to EF-Tu. The affinities of unmodified aa-tRNAs for EF-Tu X GTP were
      determined by their abilities to compete with the fluorescent aa-tRNA for binding
      to the protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3888261
TI  - Accessibility to bacterial nucleic acids of the intercalating drug aliphatic
      amino acid ellipticinium derivatives in Escherichia coli and Salmonella
      typhimurium.
AB  - The fluorescence of the aliphatic (amino acido)-N2-methyl-9-hydroxyellipticinium
      (AA-NMHE) derivatives [Auclair, C., Voisin, E., Banoun, H., Bernardou, J.,
      Meunier, B., & Paoletti, C. (1984) J. Med. Chem. 27, 1161-1166], namely,
      dehydroglycino-NMHE, dehydroalanino-NMHE, dehydrovalino-NMHE, and dehydroleucino
      NMHE, has been characterized. The changes in the fluorescence properties of the
      drugs, including increase in quantum yields, increase in fluorescence lifetimes,
      and occurrence of energy transfer upon binding to DNA in vitro, have been further
      investigated. The measurement of the fluorescence increment of AA-NMHE when bound
      to fluorescent sites inside intact bacteria has been found to be suitable for the
      determination of the accessibility of the drugs to bacterial nucleic acids
      according to the method of Lambert and Le Pecq [Lambert, B., & Le Pecq, J.B.
      (1984) Biochemistry 23, 166-176]. With this methodology, the kinetics of drug
      uptake, the ability of the drug to reach the bacterial nucleic acids at
      equilibrium, and the nature of the ligand binding model have been determined in
      two AA-NMHE-sensitive strains, Escherichia coli BL 101 (Lambert & Le Pecq, 1984)
      and Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 [Ames, B.N., Lee, F.D., & Durston, W.E. (1973)
      Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 70, 782-786]. The main results obtained are the
      following: At nonsaturating concentrations, each AA-NMHE exhibits a marked
      difference in its ability to reach the bacterial nucleic acids. This parameter
      seems to be correlated with the antibacterial efficiency of the drugs.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3888262
TI  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae structural cell wall mannoprotein.
AB  - A novel mannoprotein fraction with an average molecular weight of 180 000 has
      been isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae mnn9 mutant cell wall that was
      solubilized by beta-glucanase digestion. The same material could be extracted
      from purified wall fragments with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. The protein
      component, 12% by weight, is rich in proline, whereas the carbohydrate, mainly
      mannose, is about evenly distributed between asparagine and hydroxyamino acids.
      Endoglucosaminidase H digestion of the isolated mannoprotein reduced its average
      molecular weight to 150 000, but the mannoprotein, while still embedded in the
      cell wall, was inaccessible to the enzyme. Biosynthesis and translocation of the
      mannoprotein were investigated by following incorporation of [3H]proline into
      this fraction. In the presence of tunicamycin, both mnn9 and wild-type X2180
      cells made a mannoprotein fraction with an average molecular weight of 140 000,
      whereas in the absence of the glycosylation inhibitor, the mnn9 mutant made
      material with a molecular weight of 180 000 and the mannoprotein made by wild
      type cells was too large to penetrate the polyacrylamide gel. Although the cell
      wall mannoprotein was resistant to heat and proteolytic enzymes, attempts to
      isolate the carbohydrate-free component failed to yield any characteristic
      peptide material.

PMID- 3888263
TI  - Light scattering studies of the recA protein of Escherichia coli: relationship
      between free recA filaments and the recA X ssDNA complex.
AB  - Light scattering has been used to monitor and distinguish between two types of
      aggregation reactions observed with the recA protein of Escherichia coli. These
      are (1) the cooperative binding of recA protein to ssDNA in a pathway leading to
      DNA strand exchange and (2) the formation of free filaments by recA protein in
      the absence of DNA. Free filament formation requires Mg2+, is very sensitive to
      ionic strength, and occurs in the absence of single-stranded DNA and RNA.
      Turbidity measurements indicate that free recA filaments exhibit properties
      consistent with rigid rods which are 1 micron or more in length. A kinetically
      distinct nucleation step in free filament formation is observed under some
      conditions and becomes rate limiting at high pH. Ninety-degree light scattering
      was employed to measure binding of recA protein to ssDNA under conditions that
      either favor or block free filament formation. recA protein saturates ssDNA at a
      stoichiometric ratio of approximately four nucleotide residues per recA monomer.
      When free filament formation is blocked by various means, the apparent
      dissociation constant of the recA X ssDNA complex is approximately 10 nM. Under
      conditions in which free recA filaments form readily, however, the apparent
      dissociation constant increases to approximately 1 microM. This dramatic decrease
      in the observed affinity of recA protein for ssDNA under conditions that permit
      free filament formation does not reflect a change in the intrinsic affinity of
      recA protein for ssDNA. Instead, it provides evidence that free filament
      formation and ssDNA binding by recA protein are competing reactions.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3888264
TI  - Glucosidase II, a glycoprotein of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Proteolytic
      cleavage into enzymatically active fragments.
AB  - Glucosidase II removes the inner two alpha-linked glucose residues from freshly
      transferred Asn-linked oligosaccharide chains in the endoplasmic reticulum. This
      enzyme, whose activity could be measured by the hydrolysis of an artificial
      substrate (p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside), was purified 240-fold from a
      rat liver microsome fraction by DEAE-cellulose, concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B, and
      hydroxylapatite chromatography. The apparent molecular weight of the active
      polypeptide was 123 000 as estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the
      presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Glucosidase II has at least one high-mannose
      oligosaccharide chain that can be cleaved by endoglycosidase H. Trypsin readily
      cleaved the 123-kilodalton (kDa) form of glucosidase II into a fully active 73
      kDa core. The pattern of this cleavage suggests a domain structure for this
      enzyme. We demonstrate that trypsin first removes a glycosylated 25-kDa domain to
      yield an apparently unglycosylated 98-kDa product which is further cleaved to
      yield the active 73-kDa core.

PMID- 3888265
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance observation and dynamics of specific amide protons in
      T4 lysozyme.
AB  - We have produced T4 lysozyme using a bacterial expression system which allows
      efficient incorporation of isotopically labeled amino acids in lysozyme. By using
      conditions that repress the expression of various transaminases, we have
      incorporated 15N-labeled amino acid into the five phenylalanine residues of the
      protein. The relatively large spin--spin coupling (87 +/- 3 Hz) between the 15N
      nucleus and the phenylalanine amide protons may then be exploited in a variety of
      ways to selectively observe the five phenylalanine amide proton resonances. These
      include a simple "echo difference" technique which displays the amide proton
      resonances in one dimension and a "forbidden echo" technique [Bax, A., Griffey,
      R. H., & Hawkins, B.L. (1983) J. Magn. Reson. 55, 301-335] which gives two
      dimensional information allowing the proton and 15N chemical shifts of each amide
      to be determined. With these approaches, all five phenylalanine amide protons
      give resolved resonances. Deuterium exchange experiments demonstrate that three
      of the five resonances are slow to exchange (half-times of about 1 week at pH 5.5
      and 4 degrees C) while the other two are rapid with complete exchange in hours or
      less. These observations correlate well with the secondary structure of the
      protein which shows three residues in alpha-helical regions and two residues in
      surface-exposed environments. This approach of isotopic substitution on nitrogen
      or carbon atoms is of general utility and should allow virtually any proton on a
      protein of molecular weight 20 000 or thereabout to be selectively observed.

PMID- 3888266
TI  - Wound-induced trypsin inhibitor in alfalfa leaves: identity as a member of the
      Bowman-Birk inhibitor family.
AB  - The primary structure of the wound-inducible trypsin inhibitor from alfalfa (ATI)
      establishes it as a member of the Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor family. The
      time course of induction of ATI in alfalfa following wounding is similar to the
      induction of the nonhomologous proteinase inhibitors I and II in tomato and
      potato leaves, and, like inhibitors I and II, ATI is induced to accumulate in
      excised leaves supplied with the proteinase inhibitor inducing factor from tomato
      leaves. The similarity of the wound induction of ATI to that of inhibitors I and
      II indicates that wound-regulated systems are present in Solanaceae and
      Leguminosae plant families that possess a common fundamental recognition system
      regulating synthesis of proteinase inhibitors in response to pest attacks. ATI is
      the first Bowman-Birk inhibitor that has been found in leaves and is the only
      member of this family known to be regulated by wounding.

PMID- 3888268
TI  - Base-pairing properties of N4-methoxydeoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate during DNA
      synthesis on natural templates, catalyzed by DNA polymerase I of Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - N4-Methoxydeoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate (mo4dCTP) was synthesized by reaction of
      dCTP with methoxyamine and then purified by high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) and used to analyze the specificity of mo4dCMP
      incorporation during polymerization on natural templates, catalyzed by DNA
      polymerase I of Escherichia coli. Elongation of synthetic 5'-32P-labeled primers,
      annealed to single-stranded DNA of bacteriophage M13, was carried out in the
      presence of only three of the four normal dNTPs; then, reaction products were
      displayed by high-resolution gel electrophoresis and visualized by
      autoradiography. By measuring primer elongation in each of the four "minus"
      reactions with and without added mo4dCTP, we examined the specificity of mo4dCMP
      incorporation at different positions along the M13 template. The results of this
      experimental approach indicated that (i) mo4dCTP is utilized most readily
      (although at low efficiency) in place of dTTP during DNA synthesis, (ii) the
      analogue can also replace dCTP during primer elongation, although at barely
      detectable efficiency, and (iii) the ease at which both mo4C.A and mo4C.G pairs
      are formed during DNA synthesis on natural templates is markedly influenced by
      the nucleotide sequence of the template.

PMID- 3888267
TI  - Identification of the cytochrome P-450 induced by macrolide antibiotics in rat
      liver as the glucocorticoid responsive cytochrome P-450p.
AB  - We administered triacetyloleandomycin (TAO) to rats and found that this macrolide
      antibiotic is the most efficacious inducer of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450
      (P-450) examined to date. Liver microsomes prepared from TAO-treated rats
      contained greater than 5.0 nmol of P-450/mg of protein and a single induced
      protein as judged by analysis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. This protein comigrated with P-450p, the major form of P-450
      induced in liver microsomes of rats treated with pregnenolone-16 alpha
      carbonitrile (PCN) or dexamethasone (DEX). On immunoblots of such gels developed
      with antibodies to P-450p, the TAO-induced protein reacted strongly as a single
      band. There was strict parallelism between the amount of immunoreactive P-450p in
      liver microsomes prepared from untreated rats or from rats treated with
      phenobarbital, TAO, DEX, or PCN, the ability of these microsomes to catalyze
      conversion of TAO to a metabolite which forms a spectral complex, and the
      ethylmorphine and erythromycin demethylase activities. Antibodies to P-450p
      specifically blocked microsomal TAO metabolite complex formation and
      ethylmorphine and erythromycin demethylase activities. Moreover, anti-P-450p
      antibodies completely immunoprecipitated solubilized TAO metabolite complexes
      prepared by detergent treatment of liver microsomes obtained from TAO-treated
      rats. Finally, we found that the major form of P-450 isolated from liver
      microsomes of TAO-treated rats and purified to homogeneity was indistinguishable
      from purified P-450p as judged by molecular weights, spectral characteristics,
      enzymatic activities, ability to bind TAO, peptide maps, and amino-terminal amino
      acid sequences. We concluded that, in addition to glucocorticoids, macrolide
      antibiotics are specific inducers of P-450p.

PMID- 3888269
TI  - On the structural specificity of puromycin binding to Escherichia coli ribosomes.
AB  - We have examined the structural specificity of the puromycin binding sites on the
      Escherichia coli ribosome that we have previously identified [Nicholson, A. W.,
      Hall, C. C., Strycharz, W. A., & Cooperman, B. S. (1982) Biochemistry 19, 3809
      3817, and references cited therein] by examining the interactions of a series of
      adenine-containing compounds with these sites. We have used as measures of such
      interactions the inhibition of [3H]puromycin photoincorporation into ribosomal
      proteins from these sites, the site-specific photoincorporation of the 3H-labeled
      compounds themselves, and the inhibition of peptidyl transferase activity. For
      the first two of these measures we have made extensive use of a recently
      developed high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for ribosomal
      protein separation [Kerlavage, A. R., Weitzmann, C., Hasan, T., & Cooperman, B.S.
      (1983) J. Chromatogr. 266, 225-237]. We find that puromycin aminonucleoside
      (PANS) contains all of the structural elements necessary for specific binding to
      the three major puromycin binding sites, those of higher affinity leading to
      photoincorporation into L23 and S14 and that of lower affinity leading to
      photoincorporation into S7. Although tight binding to the L23 and S7 sites
      requires both the N6,N6-dimethyl and 3'-amino groups within PANS, only the N6,N6
      dimethyl group and not the 3'-amino group is required for binding to the S14
      site. Our current results reinforce our previous conclusion that
      photoincorporation into L23 takes place from the A' site within the peptidyl
      transferase center and lead us to speculate that the S14 site might be specific
      for the binding of modified nucleosides. They also force the conclusion that
      puromycin photoincorporation proceeds through its adenosyl moiety.

PMID- 3888270
TI  - Reconstitution of M13 bacteriophage coat protein. A new strategy to analyze
      configuration of the protein in the membrane.
AB  - The configuration of M13 bacteriophage coat protein in a model membrane was
      analyzed using protease digestion followed by gel permeation chromatography on
      Fractogel TSK in formic acid/ethanol. Important information is contained in the
      chromatographic patterns of the membrane-bound fragments, as well as of the
      fragments released by the digestion. A new reconstitution was thereby developed
      which involves adding a small volume of a concentrated solution of cholate
      solubilized coat protein to preformed vesicles (with the amount of detergent
      added being less than that required to solubilize the vesicles), freezing in
      liquid nitrogen, thawing, followed by dialysis to remove excess detergent. The
      coat protein is incorporated with high efficiency (95 percent) making subsequent
      fractionation unnecessary. In addition, the incorporated protein is not
      aggregated, and is incorporated with most molecules spanning the membrane,
      oriented in the same manner as in vivo (N-terminus outwards). Two previously
      described reconstitutions, using sonication or cholate dialysis, are analyzed and
      found to be less satisfactory.

PMID- 3888271
TI  - Partial transition-state inhibitors of glyoxalase I from human erythrocytes,
      yeast and rat liver.
AB  - Glyoxalase I (lactoylglutathione lyase, EC 4.4.1.5) converts the hemithiolacetal
      of glutathione and an alpha-ketoaldehyde to S-D-lactoylglutathione which is
      hydrolysed under the catalytic influence of glyoxalase II to produce D-lactate
      and regenerate glutathione. There is much evidence that glyoxalase I operates via
      an enediol intermediate, and in this study a number of inhibitors are described
      which were designed based on the enediol moiety of this reactive intermediate.
      These enediol and paene-enediol moieties were combined with groups designed to
      make use of an adjacent hydrophobic site and can be described as partial
      transition-state analogues. Derivatives of lapachol and kojic acid were good
      competitive inhibitors of glyoxalase I from various sources unless the free
      hydroxy group was blocked or replaced. Flavones with strong inhibitors of
      glyoxalase I and gallocyanine (a dye) showed spectral changes on binding to
      glyoxalase I indicative of binding to a metal-ion site (probably Zn2+ or Mg2+).
      The use of the enediol-binding determinant to produce glyoxalase I inhibitors is
      discussed as a route to potential antitumour derivatives.

PMID- 3888272
TI  - Trapping of reactive intermediates in enzymology. Exogenous flavin reduction
      during catalytic turnover of substrate by glyoxalase I.
AB  - Although but weak inhibitors of glyoxalase I under steady-state conditions,
      flavins are reduced by yeast glyoxalase I (lactoyl-glutathione lyase, EC 4.4.1.5)
      plus its substrate (the hemithiolacetal from glutathione and phenylglyoxal)
      during catalytic turnover. Studies with 10-ethylisoalloxazine showed that this
      flavin reduction was peculiar not merely to glyoxalase I's substrate, but was
      characteristic of the complete system, enzyme plus substrate undergoing catalytic
      turnover. Flavins are poor hydride-ion acceptors and the reduction observed most
      likely represents an oxidative trap of a transient carbanion formed in the
      glyoxalase I mechanism of action. Hydrophobic flavins were more efficient traps
      than the hydrophilic ones, and values of the Km for the phenylglyoxal:
      glutathione hemithiolacetal adduct measured by the flavin-reaction and by normal
      steady-state kinetics were closely similar. This argues that trapping has
      occurred of an enediolate ion (an enzyme-generated carbanion) still bound to
      glyoxalase I.

PMID- 3888273
TI  - Specificity of hemorrhagic proteinase from Crotalus atrox (western diamondback
      rattlesnake) venom.
AB  - Hemorrhagic proteinase, HTb, isolated from Crotalus atrox (western diamondback
      rattlesnake) venom was studied for its specificity. HTb showed fibrinogenase
      activity, hydrolyzing the A alpha chain of fibrinogen first, followed by the
      cleavage of the B beta chain. HTb is different from thrombin and did not produce
      a fibrin clot. The degradation products of fibrinogen were found to be different,
      indicating that the cleavage sites in the A alpha and B beta chains are different
      from those of thrombin. N-Benzoyl-Phe-Val-Arg-p-nitroanilide was not hydrolyzed
      by HTb, although this substrate was hydrolyzed by thrombin and reptilase.

PMID- 3888274
TI  - The molecular basis for charge heterogeneity in human acid alpha-glucosidase.
AB  - The molecular basis for charge heterogeneity in human hepatic alpha-glucosidase
      (alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.20) was determined by analysis of the
      carbohydrate and polypeptide components of the enzyme. Only small remnants of
      high mannose chains that contained neither sialic acid nor mannose 6-phosphate
      were detected in the carbohydrate structure. Four enzymatically active forms of
      alpha-glucosidase separated by chromatofocusing were analyzed by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and were found to contain different
      polypeptides. The absence of charged residues in oligosaccharide chains and
      variability in the polypeptide subunits of the charge forms of hepatic alpha
      glucosidase suggest that charge heterogeneity results from differences in the
      protein structure of the charge forms. The pattern of differences in the
      polypeptide subunits suggests that the charge forms for hepatic alpha-glucosidase
      may be the product of proteolysis.

PMID- 3888275
TI  - Subcellular location and topography of rat hepatic monoacylglycerol
      acyltransferase activity.
AB  - Monoacylglycerol acyltransferase activity from suckling rat liver was localized
      to the microsomal subcellular fraction by differential centrifugation and
      comparison with the partitioning of selected marker enzymes. Chymotrypsin,
      pronase, and proteinase K inactivated the monoacylglycerol acyltransferase
      activity in detergent-disrupted microsomes, but not in intact microsomes, falsely
      suggesting a lumenal location for the enzyme. The impermeant inhibitors mercury
      dextran and 4,4'-diisothiocyano,-2,2'-disulfonic acid stilbene inhibited
      monoacylglycerol acyltransferase in intact microsomes. These data, as well as the
      lack of latency and the inability of the substrate palmitoyl-CoA to readily
      permeate hepatic microsomes from suckling rats, strongly suggest that the
      enzyme's active site faces the cytosolic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 3888276
TI  - A rapid large-scale procedure for purification of lecithin-cholesterol
      acyltransferase from human and animal plasma.
AB  - A rapid and convenient procedure was developed for large-scale purification of
      lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase from the plasma of humans, pigs, dogs, goats
      and rabbits. The procedure included dextran sulfate-Mg2+ precipitation, Phenyl
      Sepharose column, Affi-gel blue column, DEAE-Sepharose column, DEAE-Affi-gel blue
      column and hydroxyapatite column. Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase was
      purified approx. 20 000-fold with about 14% yield from human plasma. A similar
      result of purification was obtained from pigs, dogs, goats and rabbits. The final
      enzyme preparation from all five mammalian species was homogeneous as judged by
      SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high-performance gel filtration in the
      presence of SDS. The apparent molecular weight of the purified enzymes from
      humans, pigs, dogs, goats and rabbits were 65 000, 66 000, 65 000, 65 000 and 66
      000, respectively, as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      were 67 000, 67 000, 66 000, 66 000 and 67 000, respectively, by high-performance
      gel filtration. Studies with DEAE-Sepharose columns demonstrated that lecithin
      cholesterol acyltransferase from these mammalian species was similar in molecular
      charge. The pH optimum for activity of purified enzyme ranged from 7.4 to 8.0
      among these species. All purified lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase species
      were activated by human apolipoprotein A-I and were similarly inhibited by p
      hydroxymercuribenzoate and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. We concluded that this
      purification scheme is suitable for rapid isolation of lecithin-cholesterol
      acyltransferase from the plasma of humans, pigs, dogs, goats and rabbits and, by
      inference, from other mammalian species. The availability of purified active
      lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase from various animal species should
      facilitate phylogenetic and comparative studies of the enzyme.

PMID- 3888277
TI  - Purification of a phospholipase B inhibitor from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The phospholipase B activity of plasma membrane vesicles from Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae is inhibited by the 100 000 X g supernatant of mechanically disrupted
      yeast cells. A 1850-fold purification of the inhibitor activity was achieved by
      gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography with DEAE-cellulose and hydrophobic
      interaction chromatography with Octyl-Sepharose. SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of the purified inhibitor revealed two main bands with an
      apparent Mr of 60 000 and 26 500. The phospholipase B activity was strongly
      reduced but not completely blocked by this preparation, while the
      lysophospholipase and transacylase reactions, which are catalyzed by the same
      membrane-bound enzymes (Witt, W. et al. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 795, 108
      116), were not affected.

PMID- 3888278
TI  - Cell density dependent uptake of LDL in cultured rat hepatocytes.
AB  - An inverse relationship between low-density lipoprotein uptake and cell density
      was observed in rat hepatocyte monolayers incubated with lipoprotein-deficient
      serum. This was also true for cell association, binding and degradation of low
      density lipoproteins. Compactin stimulated cell association and degradation of
      low-density lipoproteins both at low and high concentrations. Insulin, on the
      other hand, had no consistent effect on low-density lipoprotein cell association
      or degradation.

PMID- 3888279
TI  - Further purification, characterization and salt activation of acyl-CoA synthetase
      from Escherichia coli.
AB  - Acyl-CoA synthetase was further purified from Escherichia coli in good yield and
      fold purification by affinity chromatography on CoA-Sepharose 4B. The molecular
      weight of the active form of the purified enzyme was estimated as 45 000 by
      Sephadex G-100 and 47 000 by Sephadex G-200. Sedimentation equilibrium
      ultracentrifugation analysis revealed a molecular weight of 50 000. The
      sedimentation coefficient was calculated as 4.4 S. An absorption maximum at 276
      nm was observed in the ultraviolet light absorption spectrum. The molar
      extinction coefficient was 9.2 X 10(4). Kinetic constants were determined for
      trans fatty acids. All ions tested, including chaotropic and lyotropic ions,
      stimulated or inhibited acyl-CoA synthetase activity depending on their
      concentrations in the assay system. In a series of chaotropes, the lower
      concentration required to maximally activate acyl-CoA synthetase in increasing
      order of potency of chaotropic ions. The inhibitory effect of chaotrope on the
      enzyme activity was reversible. These data suggest that salts have a common mode
      of action and influence acyl-CoA synthetase activity primarily through their
      effect on the solution structure.

PMID- 3888280
TI  - Subcellular localization and partial characterization of insulin proteolytic
      activity in rat liver.
AB  - Using (A14-125I)-insulin as a tracer, insulin proteolytic activity in rat liver
      was found to be localized both to the cytosol and the endoplasmic reticulum. The
      membrane-associated activity was highly latent (70-80%). Both cytosolic and
      particulate activities had similar Km values and Mr of approx. 300 000 by gel
      filtration. Both were strongly inhibited by diamide (90%), but were unaffected by
      leupeptin or pepstatin. A comparison of the subcellular distributions with
      various 125I-isomers of insulin as tracers showed that both particulate and
      cytosolic activities were highest with (A14-125I)-insulin.

PMID- 3888281
TI  - Purification and characterization of a human kidney neutral endopeptidase that
      hydrolyzes succinyl trialanine-4-nitroanilide and biologically active peptides.
AB  - An enzyme hydrolyzing succinyl trialanine-4-nitroanilide was extracted from human
      kidney homogenate and purified by means of gel filtration on Sepharose CL-4B,
      anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and affinity chromatography
      on carbobenzoxy-L-Ala-L-Ala-D-Ala-polylysine-agarose. The purified enzyme
      consists of a single peptide, and its molecular weight was estimated to be about
      125 000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      purified enzyme cleaved the substrate at the bond between succinyl dialanine and
      alanine-4-nitroanilide and showed a Km value of 2.1 mM at the optimal pH of 8.0.
      The activity was increased by Ca2+ and Mg2+, but was inhibited by phosphoramidon
      and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The enzyme cleaved the oxydized insulin B
      chain, angiotensinogen tetradecapeptide, angiotensin I, angiotensin II,
      angiotensin III, [Sar1,Ala8]-angiotensin II, bradykinin, des-Pro2-bradykinin,
      Leu5-enkephalin, Met 5-enkephalin, [D-Ala2,Met5]-enkephalinamide and [D-Ala2
      Met5]-enkephalin, but did not cleave [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]-enkephalin. The bonds on the
      amino side of the hydrophobic amino acids of the peptides were cleaved by the
      enzyme.

PMID- 3888282
TI  - Dyspropterin, an intermediate formed from dihydroneopterin triphosphate in the
      biosynthetic pathway of tetrahydrobiopterin.
AB  - The structure of dyspropterin, a new name given to an intermediate which is
      formed from dihydroneopterin triphosphate in the biosynthetic pathway of
      tetrahydrobiopterin, has been studied. Sepiapterin reductase (EC 1.1.1.153) was
      found to reduce dyspropterin to tetrahydrobiopterin in the presence of NADPH.
      Several lines of evidence showing the formation of tetrahydrobiopterin have been
      presented. Stoichiometric analysis revealed that there is a 1:2 relationship
      between the production of biopterin and the oxidation of NADPH during the
      reductase-catalyzed reduction of dyspropterin. The tetrahydrobiopterin production
      from dyspropterin was enhanced by dihydropteridine reductase (EC 1.6.99.7).
      Dyspropterin could also serve as a cofactor in phenylalanine hydroxylase (EC
      1.14.16.1) system. These results are consistent with the view that dyspropterin
      is 6-(1,2-dioxopropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin. Based on our findings, the
      biosynthetic pathway of tetrahydrobiopterin from dihydroneopterin triphosphate
      has been discussed.

PMID- 3888283
TI  - The effect of chemical modification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on
      electrophoretic mobility, cell-wall structure and amphotericin B uptake.
AB  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 239 suspended in solutions of NaCl showed two
      distinct plateaus in plots of electrophoretic mobility vs. pH, corresponding to
      pKa values of approx. 2 and 5. This is in contrast to cells suspended in buffer
      where only a single pKa (4) can be determined. Modification of cells with KI/I2
      or nitrous acid led to altered electrophoretic mobility, indicating the presence
      of sulphydryl and amino groups, respectively, in the yeast cell surface, whereas
      uranyl nitrate modification had little effect, suggesting phosphate groups to be
      absent. Electron micrographs showed visible effects of KI/I2 and nitrous acid
      modification on cell membrane structure, and in these modified cells amphotericin
      B uptake was rapid. It is suggested that diffusion through the cell wall is the
      rate-limiting step for amphotericin B uptake. An activation energy of 20 kJ X mol
      1 was determined for uptake of amphotericin B by unmodified cells.

PMID- 3888285
TI  - Bacitracin enhances intracellular accumulation of insulin in rat adipocytes.
AB  - Bacitracin (1 mg/ml) markedly increased (approx. 75%) the cell-associated
      specifically bound 125I-labelled insulin without altering the affinity of the
      binding sites. Bacitracin also exerted a modest inhibitory effect on the
      degradation of insulin in the incubation medium determined as radioactivity not
      precipitated by trichloroacetic acid (from 9.6 to 4.8%). The effect on insulin
      binding was about 5-times as sensitive as the effect on degradation. The
      increased binding was due to intracellular accumulation of radioactivity which
      could not be removed by treating the cells with trypsin. This increase was not
      seen when the internalization process was reduced by ATP-depletion or low
      temperature. Since the trypsin-sensitive fraction of cell-associated
      radioactivity was apparently not altered, it is suggested that bacitracin, in
      addition to its well-known inhibition of extracellular degradation, also inhibits
      the intracellular degradation of insulin.

PMID- 3888284
TI  - Role of surface N-acetylglucosamine residues on host cell infection by
      Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - We studied the role of surface GlcNAc residues on the surface of invasive (mouse
      blood and insect-derived trypomastigotes) and non-invasive amastigote forms of
      Trypanosoma cruzi on parasite association with (i.e., surface binding plus
      internalization) macrophages and heart myoblasts. Removal of GlcNAc from the
      three forms of the parasite with beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase markedly increased
      the number of organisms per 100 cells and caused the organisms to associate with
      a greater percentage of host cells. N-Acetylglucosaminidase did not produce this
      effect after heat-inactivation and a substrate of the enzyme, N,N'
      diacetylchitobiose, reduced it when it was present during the enzymatic
      treatment. The N-acetylglucosaminidase effect on T. cruzi was reversible after
      2.5 h. When macrophages or myoblasts were treated with N-acetylglucosaminidase,
      their capacities to associate with blood or insect-derived trypomastigotes was
      reduced. Since removal of GlcNAc residues from the parasite surface increased
      their association with the host cells, GlcNAc would appear to interfere with the
      association process. On the other hand, GlcNAc residues on the host cell appear
      to favor the association.

PMID- 3888286
TI  - Hormone-responsive alkaline proteinase in rat skeletal muscle is not a mast cell
      derived enzyme.
AB  - Proteinase activity was determined in myofibrils from intact rat skeletal muscle
      and from skeletal muscle myocytes grown in culture. In vivo administration of the
      mast cell degranulator compound 48/80 abolished the alkaline proteinase activity
      in myofibrils obtained from normal or streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Exposure of
      myocytes to compound 48/80 in cell cultures had no effect on their myofibrillar
      proteinase activity, nor did it affect the rate of overall protein degradation in
      these cells. Co-incubation of cultured mast cells (line P815Y) with myocytes
      followed by sonication of the cell mixture resulted in a marked reduction of the
      proteinase activity in the pellet fraction, suggesting that the mast cells
      contain inhibitor(s) of myofibrillar proteinase activity. It is suggested that
      the myofibril-bound alkaline proteinase activity is not a mast cell-derived
      enzyme but a genuine component of muscle cells. The in vivo 48/80-induced
      reduction of muscle myofibrillar proteinase activity appears to be due to release
      of a soluble inhibitory activity rather than removal of mast cell proteinase from
      the tissue by degranulation.

PMID- 3888287
TI  - [Homage to Adam Kepes].

PMID- 3888288
TI  - The indirect nature of interaction of glucose transport with the system
      transporting galactosides.
AB  - The membrane transport systems for galactosides and glucose derivatives interact
      in enteric microorganisms. Stop-flow experiments with a double wavelength
      spectrophotometer and a flow-through cuvette (designed to minimize light
      scattering effects) were used to measure the speed of interaction in Escherichia
      coli. The in vivo hydrolysis of ortho-nitrophenol-beta-D-galactopyranoside was
      measured by comparing the light transmitted by cell suspensions at 420 nm with
      that at 500 nm. Measurements at the latter wavelength corrected for residual
      scattering effects. The stop-flow experiment allowed the study of the early
      kinetics of transport and hydrolysis. It was found with strain ML308 that there
      was a significant lag in the achievement of steady-state inhibition by glucose
      and its derivative methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (alpha MG). This strain
      constitutively produces high levels of permease and beta-galactosidase. The
      absorbancy increases at 420 nm are limited by transport because the beta
      galactosidase is present inside the cells in excess. From earlier results, it was
      not surprising that inhibition is delayed with low concentrations of the glucose
      compounds, but the new double wavelength technique showed no kinetic component of
      rapid inhibition. This result therefore excludes competition for some membrane
      bound component and is consistent with the production of the dephosphorylated
      form of the soluble Enzyme IIIglu that binds and inhibits the permease system in
      the membrane.

PMID- 3888289
TI  - Growth of the Escherichia coli cell envelope.
AB  - The growth pattern of the Escherichia coli envelope was studied by immunoelectron
      microscopy, using the outer membrane protein LamB specifically labelled by a
      double antibody gold particle technique. An operon fusion placing the lamB gene
      under lac promoter control permitted rapid turn-off of LamB synthesis. In the
      generation following turn-off no lamB-free regions appeared, strongly suggesting
      that bulk outer membrane material is not inserted in restricted growth zones.

PMID- 3888290
TI  - Overproduction of the membrane-bound components of the histidine permease from
      Salmonella typhimurium: identification of the M protein.
AB  - The periplasmic histidine permease of Salmonella typhimurium is composed of a
      soluble histidine-binding protein and three membrane-bound components. These
      latter are produced in very small amounts and only two, the Q and the P protein,
      have been previously identified. This paper describes the construction of a
      plasmid carrying the hisQ, hisM, and hisP genes under the control of the lambda
      PL promoter, thus allowing great overproduction of those gene products. The M
      protein has been identified in such overproducing strains and its nature
      confirmed by constructing in vitro hisM deletions within the plasmid. With these
      results the identification of all components of the histidine permease has been
      completed.

PMID- 3888291
TI  - [The Escherichia coli cell cycle].
AB  - This review summarizes present knowledge of the bacterial cell cycle with
      particular emphasis on Escherichia coli. We discuss data coming from three
      different types of approaches to the study of cell extension and division: The
      search for discrete events occurring once per division cycle. It is generally
      agreed that the initiation and termination of DNA replication and cell septation
      are discrete events; there is less agreement on the sudden doubling in rate of
      cell surface extension, murein biosynthesis and the synthesis of membrane
      proteins and phospholipids. We discuss what is known about the temporal
      relationship amongst the various cyclic events studied. The search for discrete
      growth zones in the cell envelope layers. We discuss conflicting reports on the
      existence of murein growth zones and protein insertion sites in the inner and
      outer membranes. Elucidation of the mechanism regulating the initiation of DNA
      replication. The concept of "critical initiation mass" is examined. We review
      data suggesting that the DNA is attached to the envelope and discuss the role of
      the latter in the initiation of DNA replication.

PMID- 3888292
TI  - The melibiose permease system of Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - The melibiose permease system of E. coli K12 has been explored using a strain
      deficient in lactose permease: 300 P. The accumulation of 1-S-methyl-beta-D
      thiogalactopyranoside (TMG) was observed. The uptake system was inducible by
      melibiose and a number of analogs at 30 degrees C. At higher temperatures the
      differential rate of synthesis decreases until becoming negligible at 42 degrees
      C. The uptake tends toward a steady state which corresponds to an accumulation
      several hundredfold over the sugar concentration in the medium. At a given
      temperature the steady state level was proportional to the initial rate of uptake
      whatever the degree of induction and the substrate concentration. Lowering the
      temperature decreased the initial rate of uptake but increased the steady state
      level. This uptake system was pH dependent with better efficiency at pH 8. It was
      also dependent on the presence of sodium or lithium ions active at 5 mM whereas
      potassium at 170 mM enable only about half maximal uptake. The uptake in a medium
      with choline chloride was less than one fifth of optimal activity. Addition of
      Li+ brought about half maximal activation at approximately 0.5 mM. The activation
      consists mainly in a decrease of apparent Km. The emphasis of this study was put
      on the similarities and differences with lactose permease which is able to
      transport the same sugar to approximately the same extent. Inducer specificities
      and substrate specificities were compared and a method of measuring the two
      activities in the same cells was devised.

PMID- 3888293
TI  - [Mechanisms of efflux of a substrate accumulated by the lactose permease of
      Escherichia coli: theoretical and experimental study].
AB  - At the steady-state of accumulation of intracellular lactose by the beta
      galactoside permease of Escherichia coli, the rate of efflux of the substrate is
      equal to its rate of influx. An original experimental method and a mathematical
      processing of the experimental data are proposed to evaluate the relative
      involvements of the permease-mediated pathway and of the diffusion component in
      this efflux. The method consists of inducing the lac operon of the bacteria, and
      then of removing the inducer and allowing the cells to grow further. The permease
      content and the membrane surface of diffusion are thus varying independently in
      such a "de-induction" experiment, along which lactose uptake has been monitored
      at different times. The analysis of the experimental data show that, under
      conditions of maximal induction, over 95% of the efflux passes through the
      energized permease. The relevant parameters of the efflux of lactose have been
      computed and their values allow the prediction of most classical observations, as
      well as the prediction, never checked, that under physiological conditions, the
      higher the external substrate concentration, the higher the permease-mediated
      efflux, according to a saturation kinetics.

PMID- 3888294
TI  - Roles of the trkB and trkC gene products of Escherichia coli in K+ transport.
AB  - Mutations at the trkB and trkC loci of Escherichia coli produce an abnormal
      efflux of K+. The mutations are partially dominant in diploids and revert
      frequently by what appears to be intragenic suppression to the null state. The
      mutations can be reverted by insertion of Tn10 into the mutated gene, and
      spontaneous revertants are fully recessive to the mutant allele in diploids. K+
      efflux produced by NEM* and by DNP* persists in strains with presumed null
      mutations at either locus, indicating neither gene product is the primary target
      for the effect of these inhibitors on K+ efflux. The results are consistent with
      the view that trkB and trkC encode independent systems for K+ efflux. Mutations
      at these loci alter regulation of the process so that K+ efflux occurs
      inappropriately. A second mutation to the null state abolishes this abnormal K+
      efflux. These genes may encode K+/H+ antiporters, an activity postulated to
      mediate K+ efflux and demonstrated to exist in E. coli and other bacteria.

PMID- 3888295
TI  - [Determination of the adenine-specific methylase recognition site of Shigella
      sonnei 47, using hydrazinolysis with subsequent separation of purine
      oligonucleotides by thin layer chromatography on DEAE- cellulose].
AB  - A procedure for separation of oligopurine blocks of different length and
      composition by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography on DEAE-cellulose plates
      has been developed. This method allows a comparative analysis of the purine
      isostich content in the DNAs of various origin. In case of methylated DNA, the
      method permits to compare the substrate specificity of different enzymes
      responsible for the adenine residue methylation in the DNA. In combination with
      enzymatic treatment of labeled methylated isostichs, the method described can be
      used for the deciphering of the methylated sequences as well as for constructing,
      in a number of cases, the recognition site of adenine-specific methylases. Thus,
      it was demonstrated that methylase SsoI recognizes the 5...G-A-A-T-T-C ... 3'
      sequence and methylates its adenine residue nearest to the 5'-end.

PMID- 3888296
TI  - Feeding premature infants with human milk or preterm milk formula. Effects on
      postnatal growth and on circulating concentrations of intermediary metabolites,
      amino acids, and regulatory peptides.
AB  - Results of a comprehensive longitudinal study comparing the effects of feeding
      healthy preterm infants with human milk or a specially adapted formula designed
      for the preterm infant are reported. 10 healthy infants were given human milk
      from birth, and 9 similar infants were given a formula which contained 80 kcal,
      1.8 g protein, and 4.5 g fat per 100 ml. Anthropometric measurements were made
      weekly as were routine haematological and biochemical variables together with
      plasma amino acid and gastrointestinal regulatory peptide levels and metabolic
      fuel concentrations. Infants receiving the formula demonstrated a significantly
      greater growth velocity compared with infants receiving human milk. There were no
      significant differences between the two groups in routine haematological or
      biochemical variables measured nor in plasma insulin or blood glucose, lactate,
      pyruvate, or ketone body concentrations. Plasma amino acid profiles, however, did
      demonstrate some significant differences between the two groups with higher
      methionine and threonine levels in the formula-fed infants. Plasma motilin,
      enteroglucagon, neurotensin, cholecystokinin, gastric inhibiting polypeptide, and
      pancreatic polypeptide levels all demonstrated significant postnatal surges, with
      significant differences between the two groups in plasma gastric inhibiting
      polypeptide and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations.

PMID- 3888297
TI  - Manic depression: a multiple hormone disorder?

PMID- 3888298
TI  - Inter-individual differences in the human circadian system: a review.
AB  - Measurements of physiological, biochemical and psychological variables at two or
      more different times of day reveal substantial inter-individual differences. This
      paper reviews studies which have dealt with these differences in terms of the
      morningness-eveningness, personality (introversion-extraversion), age or sex of
      their subjects. Studies of individual differences in the response of the
      circadian system to disturbance (e.g. shift work) are also discussed. The most
      reliable differences were observed in association with the morningness
      eveningness factor. From the studies reviewed here it appeared that several
      rhythm parameters covaried consistently as a function of morningness-eveningness,
      suggesting underlying differences in the intrinsic period of the circadian
      system. It is argued that the differences in rhythm parameters associated with
      the personality dimension of introversion-extraversion are the result of
      exogenous influences. The results with regard to age-related and sex-related
      differences were not sufficient to allow conclusions to be made.

PMID- 3888299
TI  - Proteolysis of specific porcine zona pellucida glycoproteins by boar acrosin.
AB  - The morphologic and biochemical effects on the structure and constituent
      glycoproteins of the zona pellucida (ZP) by a specific sperm enzyme, acrosin, and
      a nonsperm enzyme, trypsin, have been evaluated. Intact porcine ZP matricies,
      exposed to either acrosin or trypsin, were analyzed microscopically. Changes in
      specific glycoproteins were monitored by high-resolution two-dimensional
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and the silver-based color stain,
      GELCODE. Although these enzymes did not alter the macroscopic properties of the
      ZP matrix, the 2D-PAGE ZP protein patterns were markedly altered. The high
      molecular weight glycoprotein families (II and III) were sensitive to proteolytic
      digestion, whereas the major glycoprotein family (I) of the porcine zona was only
      partially proteolyzed by acrosin and trypsin. Furthermore, it was demonstrated
      that acrosin had unique substrate specificity compared to that of trypsin, since
      the ZP peptide patterns were found to be different. These studies are the first
      to demonstrate which integral glycoproteins of the native porcine ZP matrix are
      specifically proteolyzed by acrosin from the homologous species and that this
      proteolysis occurs without the dissolution of the native porcine matrix.

PMID- 3888300
TI  - Effects of in vivo and in vitro fertilization environments on the expression of a
      surface antigen of the mouse sperm tail.
AB  - Sperm maturation antigen 4 (SMA 4) is a glycoprotein secreted by the mouse
      epididymis that binds specifically to the sperm tail. Its fate has been examined
      on cauda epididymidal sperm in vivo and in vitro. SMA 4 was detected by indirect
      immunofluorescence (IIF) on sperm flushed from uteri of mice 5.5 h after natural
      or artificial insemination, but not on sperm attached to cumulus cells or zonae
      pellucidae of eggs recovered at that time. Detectable SMA 4 declines with time in
      vitro, as assayed by IIF on intact sperm or by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) of
      detergent extracts. After 3 h in vitro, 90% or more of sperm are not positive for
      SMA 4 by IIF. EIA of medium in which sperm have been incubated suggests that SMA
      4 is being released from the cell surface. This time-dependent loss of SMA 4 is
      inhibited by mouse or rat cauda epididymidal fluid, low incubation temperature,
      or lack of protein in the incubation medium. However, the loss does not seem to
      be affected by the presence of eggs, cumulus cells, or oviduct fluids. SMA 4 is
      not removed from the sperm by selected treatments, suggesting that it is bound to
      the plasma membrane by strong, noncovalent interactions.

PMID- 3888301
TI  - In-vivo ultrasound tissue differentiation study using a microcomputer-based
      system.

PMID- 3888302
TI  - tRNA-rRNA sequence homologies: evidence for an ancient modular format shared by
      tRNAs and rRNAs.
AB  - Homologies between tRNAs and rRNAs are identified in searches using various
      combinations of Escherichia coli, yeast, Halobacterium volcanii and bovine
      mitochondrial sequences. As in previously reported comparisons, the homologies
      are too frequent and long to be attributed to coincidence, and similar
      frequencies from inter- and intraspecies comparisons preclude evolutionary
      convergence as an explanation. In contrast to the earlier studies, patterns in
      the positioning of the homologies are now described. Graphing the positions of
      the homologies along orthogonal axes that represent numbers of bases in tRNA and
      rRNA shows recurring patterns in the alignments. Preferred spacings of integral
      multiples of 9 bases are found, suggesting a periodicity in the ancestral
      structure from which the tRNAs and rRNAs were derived. The periodicity also
      suggests persistence of a modular format in both classes of molecules that
      survived changes in sequence that occurred during evolution. A model is proposed
      for the generation of the ancestral molecule and the early evolution of the
      coding mechanism. Elongation by self-priming and self-templating gave a hairpin
      with a 9 base stem. Two additional cycles gave a 70-80 base tRNA-like structure.
      Additional cycles yielded a tandem repeat of this unit, roughly equivalent in
      size to the combined rRNAs of prokaryotes. The larger RNA would contain the
      information and materials for generating the smaller RNAs. It is proposed that
      multiple recombination among such molecules gave composite structures, presumed
      progenitors of today's t- and rRNAs. The distribution of the conserved domains
      among today's species argues for the existence of the ancestral molecule prior to
      divergence of lines leading to the various kingdoms. Their presence in the
      different nucleic acids suggests the existence of a nucleic acid with multiple
      functions prior to partitioning of these functions among the nucleic acids that
      exist today. The occurrence of overlaps, overlays and consensus alignments among
      the homologies provides the means for identifying contiguous and neighboring
      conserved regions and holds promise for the reconstruction of the sequence of an
      ancestral molecule.

PMID- 3888303
TI  - Depletion of stromal cell elements in human marrow grafts separated by soybean
      agglutinin.
AB  - We report studies demonstrating the presence on human marrow stromal cells of
      binding sites for the soybean lectin (SBA). Marrow cells were separated by
      agglutination with SBA into an agglutinated cell (SBA+) fraction containing most
      mature hemic cells including T lymphocytes, and an unagglutinated cell (SBA-)
      fraction containing the hematopoietic stem cells. The vast majority of fibroblast
      colony-forming units (CFU-F) (97.2% +/- 1.1%) were in the SBA+ fraction. Mixing
      experiments using SBA+ and SBA- cells excluded the possibility that these results
      were caused by an unequal distribution of accessory cells having a regulatory
      effect on CFU-F growth. In the heterogeneous adherent layers of long-term marrow
      cultures derived from SBA+ and SBA- cells, endothelial cells, and adipocytes were
      found almost exclusively in cultures of SBA+ marrow cells. Immunofluorescence
      studies with fluorescein-labeled SBA revealed the staining of cultured marrow
      fibroblasts. This staining was inhibited by D-galactose, which is the sugar that
      specifically binds to SBA. Staining of marrow-derived heterogeneous adherent
      layers with fluorescein-labeled SBA demonstrated that cultured endothelial cells
      (identified by rhodamine-labeled antibodies against factor VIII-associated
      protein) and early adipocytes also had surface glycoproteins binding SBA,
      although its density on the latter cells was much less important. Thus, our data
      indicate that human marrow grafts processed with soybean lectin to remove T cells
      are also depleted of the cellular components of the marrow stroma.

PMID- 3888304
TI  - Cell-bound autologous immunoglobulin in erythrocyte subpopulations from patients
      with sickle cell disease.
AB  - Previously, we have demonstrated a parallel between most-dense (bouyant density)
      sickle erythrocyte subpopulations and most-dense aged normal red cells in the
      organization of membrane components in the intact cell. The present study has
      addressed the possibility that a corresponding similarity may exist between most
      dense sickled red cell subpopulations and aged normal erythrocytes in the
      development of membrane protein components that function as receptors for
      autologous immunoglobulin (Ig). Autologous IgG retained by density-fractionated
      erythrocytes has been estimated by a nonequilibrium 125I-protein A
      (Staphylococcus aureus) binding assay. Results show that most-dense sickle cell
      fractions contain more (2.7-fold and 1.8-fold, P less than .005) cell-bound IgG
      in comparison to younger sickle erythrocyte fractions sedimenting at low density.
      Parallel findings were obtained after similar analyses of normal (homozygous-A)
      erythrocyte fractions. Detection of the presence of specific IgG was also carried
      out by direct binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-human IgG to
      density-separated red cell fractions followed by analyses of the fluorescent cell
      populations by flow cytometry. Results showed significantly higher levels of IgG
      bound to most-dense (12.1% +/- 2.5% and 8.8% +/- 0.5%-) sickle red cell
      subpopulations (P less than .005) in comparison to younger sickle erythrocyte
      fractions sedimenting at low densities (3.8% +/- 0.32% and 4.7% +/- 1.6% IgG
      positive red cell subpopulation). These results indicate that some of the same
      membrane changes that occur at about 120 days in normal red cells are also
      apparent in the chronologically younger (life span in vivo, ten to 40 days)
      sickle erythrocyte. The increased retention of IgG by most-dense irreversibly
      sickled cell-enriched fractions in comparison to least-dense reversibly sickled
      cells or pre-irreversibly sickled erythrocyte fractions, suggests that
      alterations in the topography of the sickle cell membrane during the
      transformation in vivo to the most-dense irreversibly sickled cell morphology may
      produce the unmasking of cryptic antigenic sites. In addition, these findings may
      indicate that opsonization of specific erythrocyte subpopulations may play a role
      in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease.

PMID- 3888305
TI  - Quantitative assays for detection of residual T cells of T-depleted human marrow.
AB  - Preliminary studies have suggested that depletion of T lymphocytes from donor
      marrow might be an effective method for preventing acute graft-v-host disease
      (GVHD) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in humans (Lancet 1:369, 472,
      1984). However, the minimum degree of T cell depletion required to assure the
      prevention of GVHD in a population of marrow graft recipients has not been
      defined, largely because quantitative assays with sufficient sensitivity for
      detecting small numbers of residual viable T cells have not been developed. We
      have investigated three methods for the detection and enumeration of T cells
      after treatment of bone marrow with murine monoclonal anti-T cell antibodies and
      complement. Cell populations prepared by adding graded numbers of T cells to
      treated bone marrow were analyzed by immediate indirect immunofluorescence, by
      indirect immunofluorescence after culture of cells in medium containing
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA), or by a limiting-dilution assay. Immediate indirect
      immunofluorescence could reliably detect 300 T cells per 10(5) treated bone
      marrow cells. Indirect immunofluorescence after culture in PHA was tenfold more
      sensitive and could reliably detect 30 T cells per 10(5) treated bone marrow
      cells. The limiting dilution assay could be 300-fold more sensitive than
      immediate indirect immunofluorescence and 30-fold more sensitive than indirect
      immunofluorescence after culture in PHA. Sensitive, quantitative assays will be
      useful in guiding the development of methods for efficient removal of T cells in
      donor marrow, and will be essential for monitoring and interpreting the results
      of clinical trials.

PMID- 3888306
TI  - Prostaglandin endoperoxide analogues stimulate phospholipase C and protein
      phosphorylation during platelet shape change.
AB  - We have studied the effects of two stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analogues on
      platelet lipid metabolism in relation to specific platelet functional changes.
      During platelet shape change, the endoperoxide analogues induce the formation of
      1,2-diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid, indicating the activation of a
      phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C. In parallel, they stimulate the
      phosphorylation of a 40-kd and a 20-kd protein. During platelet shape change,
      arachidonic acid is released, but not metabolized by platelet cyclo-oxygenase or
      lipoxygenase. Phospholipase C activation and platelet shape change are
      independent of extracellular Ca++ and Mg++, arachidonate metabolism, and release
      of adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Activation of phospholipase C during platelet
      aggregation seems, however, to be mediated partly by release of ADP. We conclude
      that endoperoxide analogues initially stimulate in platelets the formation of
      products derived from phospholipase C activation, which might serve as
      intracellular messengers for phosphorylation of specific proteins related to
      platelet shape change.

PMID- 3888307
TI  - Preclinical studies on the use of selective antibody-ricin conjugates in
      autologous bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - Whole-ricin immunoconjugates were synthesized with the pan-T cell antibodies T101
      and 3A1 and assayed in the presence of 0.1 mol/L lactose. Their toxicity for cell
      lines, peripheral blood T lymphocytes, and normal bone marrow progenitors was
      compared with that of whole ricin. In the presence of 0.1 mol/L lactose, normal
      cells and cell lines exhibited the following sensitivities to ricin: 8392 (human
      malignant B cell line) less than E rosette-positive lymphocytes less than bone
      marrow progenitors less than 8402 (human T ALL) less than CEM (human T ALL).
      Ricin sensitivities correlated with ricin binding as determined by
      immunofluorescence. In the presence of lactose, peripheral blood T cells were
      resistant to 0.1 nmol/L ricin, but a similar concentration of T101-ricin
      inhibited normal and malignant T colony formation by greater than 98%. 3A1-ricin
      was slightly less effective. At a conjugate concentration of 0.1 nmol/L, bone
      marrow progenitor colony formation was inhibited by 30% or less; T101-positive
      cells were at least tenfold more sensitive than normal progenitors. When mixtures
      of 10% CEM cells and marrow cells were incubated with T101-ricin, 95% of CEM
      colonies were killed, and 96% of marrow granulocyte/ macrophage progenitors
      survived. Some free ricin was released from immunotoxin-treated cells, producing
      minimal inhibition of protein synthesis or cell growth. We conclude that (a)
      normal blood cells and malignant cell lines exhibit varying degrees of ricin
      sensitivity in the presence of lactose; (b) T101-ricin is at least tenfold more
      toxic to T lymphocytes than to bone marrow progenitor cells and is effective in
      mixtures of normal and malignant cells; and (c) treatment of infiltrated marrow
      with anti-T cell immunotoxins should safely remove target T cells without
      excessively damaging normal progenitors or producing excessive free ricin. Anti-T
      cell, whole-ricin immunotoxins merit trials for autologous transplantation.

PMID- 3888308
TI  - The Mr 95,000 gelatin-binding protein in differentiated human macrophages and
      granulocytes.
AB  - Cultured adherent human macrophages and a promonocytic cell line, U 937, were
      previously shown to produce a Mr 95,000 gelatin-binding protein. The protein has
      no immunologic cross-reactivity with the well-characterized gelatin-binding
      protein fibronectin and the Mr 70,000 gelatin-binding protein produced by a
      variety of mesenchymal or epithelial cell types (T. Vartio et al, J Biol Chem
      257:8862, 1982). In the present study the Mr 95,000 protein was found in Triton X
      100 extracts of granulocytes purified from human blood buffy coat. The protein,
      as isolated by gelatin-agarose, was immunologically cross-reactive with the
      corresponding macrophage protein in immunoblotting assay. When peripheral blood
      and bone marrow cells were examined for the presence of the Mr 95,000 protein by
      indirect immunofluorescence, positive staining was detected only in
      differentiated granulocytes but not to any significant extent in metamyelocytes,
      myelocytes, promyelocytes, or in normal or leukemic blasts. In granulocytes the
      protein had a granular cytoplasmic distribution. In freshly prepared monocyte
      cultures, the Mr 95,000 protein was detected in low amounts in the cytoplasm,
      while along with differentiation of the cells into macrophages, the
      immunofluorescence increased in a reticular and vesicular cytoplasmic pattern and
      in a juxtanuclear cap, probably representing the Golgi complex. In conclusion,
      the Mr 95,000 gelatin-binding protein was specifically detected in macrophages
      and granulocytes and may thus serve as a differentiation marker for these
      phagocytic cells.

PMID- 3888310
TI  - Preparation of patients with congenital bone marrow disorders for allogeneic bone
      marrow transplantation.

PMID- 3888309
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in first remission:
      analysis of prognostic factors.
AB  - Prognostic factors were reviewed retrospectively for 39 children and adults aged
      1 to 40 years (median 14 years) with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) who
      attained a first remission and underwent bone marrow transplantation from
      November 1976 to July 1983. The preparation regimen for transplantation was
      cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg/d for two days) followed by total body irradiation
      (either 750 cGy single dose at 26 cGy/min, n = 37, or 1,320 cGy fractionated at
      10 cGy/min, n = 2). Twenty-three patients are surviving disease free with a
      median followup of three years. The three-year estimated disease-free survival is
      55% +/- 17% (+/- 2 SE). Five patients have relapsed from 92 to 756 days after
      transplantation for an estimated relapse rate of 21% +/- 18%. Two factors, the
      white blood cell (WBC) count and the French-American-British (FAB) classification
      at leukemia diagnosis were found to be of prognostic importance. Patients with a
      WBC of less than 20,000/microL at diagnosis had a three-year estimated disease
      free survival of 74% +/- 18% v 26% +/- 24% for those with a WBC of greater than
      or equal to 20,000 (P = .008). The estimated relapse rate was 6% +/- 12% for
      patients with a WBC at diagnosis less than 20,000 v 53% +/- 38% for patients with
      a WBC at diagnosis of greater than or equal to 20,000 (P = .01). Patients with
      myeloid morphology at diagnosis (FAB M1,2,3) had an estimated relapse rate of 9%
      +/- 12% v patients with monocytoid morphology (FAB M4,5a) whose estimated relapse
      rate was 58% +/- 44% (P = .05). Our data suggest that a high WBC count at poor
      prognostic factors for patients with ANLL who undergo bone marrow transplantation
      in first remission after conditioning with cyclophosphamide plus total body
      irradiation.

PMID- 3888311
TI  - Platelets interact with fibrin only after activation.
AB  - Interactions between platelets and fibrin have been visualized by phase contrast,
      epifluorescence, and scanning electron microscope examination of clots formed
      with dansylcadaverine-labeled fibrin and gel-filtered platelets. After thrombin
      activation, the platelets appeared as fluorescent aggregates with bridging
      strands of fibrin; formaldehyde-fixed platelets were not fluorescent under the
      same experimental conditions. Scanning electron micrographs demonstrated that
      thrombin-activated cells had numerous pseudopods to which the fibrin strands
      adhered; fixed platelets exhibited a smooth discoid appearance and did not
      interact with the clot. Platelets trapped in clots formed with Batroxobin
      (Pentapharm) (platelets are not activated by Batroxobin as confirmed by light
      scattering aggregometry measurements) remained as nonfluorescent, discoid cells,
      whereas platelets first activated by adenosine diphosphate formed brightly
      fluorescent aggregates. Light-scattering data of thrombin activation (0.2 U/mL)
      indicated that preincubation of platelets with 0.1 mmol/L prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)
      prior to addition of thrombin decreased the extent and rate of platelet shape
      change and resulted in 100-fold slower aggregation. Clots formed in the presence
      of PGE1 revealed decreased fluorescence intensity and fewer platelet-fibrin
      contacts. Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro, which blocks fibrinogen binding and fibrin assembly,
      was also effective in blocking platelet-fibrin interactions. These results
      indicate that platelet activation is a prerequisite for attachment of platelets
      to fibrin.

PMID- 3888312
TI  - Cyclosporine as prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease: a randomized study in
      patients undergoing marrow transplantation for acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Seventy-five patients, 13 to 49 years of age, with acute nonlymphoblastic
      leukemia in first remission were treated with cyclophosphamide, fractionated
      total body irradiation, and marrow transplantation from an HLA-identical sibling
      and randomized to receive either cyclosporine (CSP) (n = 36) or methotrexate
      (MTX) (n = 39) as prophylaxis for graft-v-host disease (GVHD). All patients
      engrafted, and 22 who were given CSP and 21 who were given MTX, are alive at 20
      to 47 (median, 35) months (P = .5). Engraftment as assessed by granulocyte
      recovery (P less than .0005) and platelet transfusion requirement (P = .01) was
      faster in patients on CSP. Twelve patients (33%) on CSP and 22 (56%) on MTX
      developed acute GVHD of grades II through IV (P = .07) and 15 of 30 on CSP and 14
      of 32 on MTX that were at risk developed chronic GVHD. The most frequent causes
      of death were interstitial pneumonitis and marrow relapse of leukemia, which
      occurred with similar frequency in both groups. Beneficial effects observed in
      patients on CSP included less severe mucositis and shorter duration of
      hospitalization; adverse effects included renal function impairment and
      hypertension. These data confirm that CSP is a useful immunosuppressant in
      patients undergoing marrow transplantation but fail to show a significant
      improvement in survival as compared with the standard regimen of MTX.

PMID- 3888314
TI  - Expression of vimentin intermediate filament cytoskeleton in acute
      nonlymphoblastic leukemias.
AB  - Since vimentin intermediate filament (IF) expression in hemopoietic cells varies
      with the cell lineage as well as the state of differentiation of the cells, we
      studied the vimentin cytoskeleton by direct immunofluorescence and electron
      microscopy in 50 cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemias. We found that malignant
      cells tend to reproduce the vimentin organization characteristic of their normal
      cellular counterpart. Thus, in M2 and M3 leukemias (French-American-British
      classification), vimentin was often reduced to a juxtanuclear bundle of filaments
      contrasting with the rich filamentous network expressed by M4 or M5 leukemias. In
      erythroblastic leukemias (M6) and megakaryoblastic leukemias, both identified by
      the expression of lineage-specific antigens, the absence of vimentin IFs could be
      correlated with the level of differentiation reached by the blasts. M1 leukemias
      displayed an abnormal pattern of vimentin organization with aggregated filaments
      giving a ring-like structure. However, no abnormality of the vimentin polypeptide
      could be detected by two-dimensional electrophoresis. These results show that the
      expression of the vimentin IF cytoskeleton may be a useful marker of
      differentiation in the study of leukemic cells.

PMID- 3888313
TI  - A clinical trial of anti-idiotype therapy for B cell malignancy.
AB  - Eleven patients with B lymphocytic malignancy were treated with mouse monoclonal
      anti-idiotype antibodies. All but one of the patients in this study had received
      extensive prior treatment with conventional lymphoma therapy. All antibodies were
      prepared against, and uniquely reactive with, the patient's own tumor. Ten
      patients were treated with a single antibody, but one patient received three
      antibodies concurrently. The treatment protocol initially used an escalating dose
      schedule that was intended to evaluate toxicity, pharmacokinetics and,
      eventually, to achieve appreciable levels of free mouse antibody in the
      circulation. The last two patients received substantial initial doses. Tumor
      sampling was performed before and during therapy to evaluate tissue penetration
      by antibody. None of the patients had serum paraproteins by routine clinical
      testing, but six had idiotype protein detectable by a sensitive immunoassay at
      levels greater than 1 microgram/mL, two of which were greater than 200
      micrograms/mL. Plasmapheresis was capable of reducing these levels temporarily.
      However, the presence of serum idiotype increased the requirement for mouse
      antibody to achieve tumor penetration. Another obstacle to treatment was immune
      response to mouse Ig, which occurred in five of the 11 patients. Once an immune
      response had begun, further infusions of antibody were not capable of reaching
      the tumor or inducing tumor regression and were associated with toxicity. Our
      initial patient remains in an unmaintained complete remission 42 months after
      receiving antibody. Five of ten additional patients have had objective remissions
      that were also clinically significant. However, these remissions were not
      complete and were of relatively short duration. This therapy shows promise as an
      alternative modality for the treatment of B cell malignancy. Further study will
      be needed to determine the mechanisms of the antitumor effect and to improve the
      clinical results.

PMID- 3888315
TI  - Autologous bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia: a phase I study of in
      vitro treatment of marrow with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide to purge tumor
      cells.
AB  - This phase I study was conducted to determine the maximal safe concentration of 4
      hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4HC) that could be used for in vitro treatment of
      bone marrow from patients with acute leukemia undergoing autologous bone marrow
      transplantation. Concentrations of 40 to 120 micrograms/mL of 4HC were used in 30
      patients with relapsed or high-risk acute leukemia and in six patients with
      nonleukemic malignancies. All patients received marrow-lethal cytoreductive
      therapy followed by infusion of the 4HC-treated marrow. Complete inhibition of
      granulocyte and macrophage colony-forming cells was obtained at 80 micrograms/mL.
      Nevertheless, only one transplant-related death and otherwise full hematologic
      recovery was observed at concentrations of 4HC up to 100 micrograms/mL. At 120
      micrograms/mL, there were three transplant-related deaths, including two of the
      three patients who required the infusion of reserve marrow. Among the acute
      leukemia patients, three remain in complete remission at 1,337, 1,017, and 967
      days after transplant. Among the nonleukemic patients, two remain in complete
      remission at 1,081 and 1,017 days after transplant. At the maximum safe
      concentration of 4HC (100 micrograms/mL), satisfactory hematologic recovery can
      be obtained, despite elimination of detectable hematopoietic progenitors.

PMID- 3888316
TI  - CHOP-firstline treatment in NHL with unfavorable prognosis--evaluation of
      therapeutic response and factors influencing prognosis.
AB  - 58 NHL-patients (9 large cell centrocytic, 18 centroblastic, 16 immunoblastic, 15
      lymphoblastic lymphomas) were treated immediately after diagnosis with CHOP
      chemotherapy regardless of the extent of disease. Because of the advanced age of
      the majority of patients (median age 61 years, range 22-85 years) a reduced dose
      in the first two cycles was administered. Statistically significant prognostic
      variables influencing survival were the following: histologic subtypes according
      to the Kiel-classification (p less than 0,05), B-symptoms (p less than 0,001),
      blood sedimentation rate (p less than 0,02) and LDH (p less than 0,0005). With
      regard to prognosis there was no difference between patients over 60 years of age
      and younger ones (p less than 0,4). Patients achieving complete remission
      survived significantly longer (p less than 0,0001). Ann Arbor stages were of
      limited value, since patients with CS II disease and accumulation of risk factors
      (B-symptoms, abdominal disease, bulky tumor masses) showed a poorer outcome than
      patients with CS III who did not have these risk factors. A risk factor score
      summarizing features influencing prognosis is described and might be a useful
      tool in stratifying the heterogeneous group of NHL with unfavorable prognosis.

PMID- 3888317
TI  - Explanations of pedophilia: review of empirical research.

PMID- 3888318
TI  - Application of the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method to the light
      microscopic localization of the IgA in the tracheal mucosa and the thoracic lymph
      nodes of the rat.
AB  - Visualization of rat IgA within the tracheal mucosa and the thoracic lymph nodes
      was achieved using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. This
      technique was compared to the indirect immunoperoxidase technique and both
      techniques were applied at the light microscopic level, with various fixing and
      embedding procedures. The ABC method was found superior to the indirect method
      with respect to sensitivity, to background staining and to the overall reaction
      time.

PMID- 3888319
TI  - Density dependence of forced expiratory flows. Methodological aspects.

PMID- 3888320
TI  - Origin and historical development of clinical physiology in pulmonary disease.

PMID- 3888321
TI  - James Joyce's Ulysses and dentistry.

PMID- 3888322
TI  - The granting of honorary D.D.S. degrees by the Baltimore College of Dental
      Surgery.

PMID- 3888323
TI  - In search of C.C. Bass, MD: further insights into the life of a preventive
      dentistry pioneer.

PMID- 3888324
TI  - The life of William Clark Eastlake, dental pioneer of the orient.

PMID- 3888325
TI  - Oddments in dental history: a folding upper denture.

PMID- 3888326
TI  - William Hunter and the role of "oral sepsis" in American dentistry.

PMID- 3888327
TI  - A comparison of American and German dentistry, 1850-1900.

PMID- 3888328
TI  - Joseph Whittlesey Noble, 1862-1949: an oriental enterpreneur.

PMID- 3888329
TI  - The mini MEDLINE SYSTEM: a library-based end-user search system.
AB  - The mini MEDLINE SYSTEM, a user-friendly search system developed in 1981 at the
      Georgetown University Medical Center, has been operational since 1982. The system
      is designed to meet the immediate educational and clinical information needs of
      students, residents, and faculty. This article focuses on system planning and
      design, database creation through "downloading," hardware adaptation, and system
      use. The database is a subset of the NLM's MEDLINE file; it includes over 180,000
      citations to articles indexed in over 160 journals from 1982 to the present. With
      only a few keystrokes in a two-step process it allows users to conduct
      bibliographic searches. The system is being replicated at eight other medical
      libraries.

PMID- 3888330
TI  - Research and writing in the history of health sciences, 1970-1982: a quantitative
      analysis of NLM's HISTLINE database.
AB  - HISTLINE, the MEDLARS file on the history of the health sciences, was analyzed to
      determine predominant areas of historical research and publication in the years
      1970-1982, as reflected in this database produced within the History of Medicine
      Division at the National Library of Medicine. Subject content, chronologic and
      geographic breakdowns, and subjects of biographical studies are examined in view
      of their frequency in the file. Speculation for the predominance of particular
      descriptors and individuals is presented. An examination is made of the journals
      publishing the most medical history. Strengths and weaknesses of the database as
      reflected in this study also are discussed.

PMID- 3888332
TI  - [Directory of the Royal Academy of Medicine of Belgium].

PMID- 3888331
TI  - Selected list of books and journals for the small medical library.
AB  - The interrelationship of print and electronic media in the hospital library and
      the relevance of the "Selected List" in 1985 are discussed in the introduction to
      this revised list of 583 books and 138 journals. The list is meant to be a
      selection guide for the small or medium-size library in a hospital or comparable
      medical facility, or a core collection for a consortium of small hospital
      libraries. Books and journals are categorized by subject; the book list is
      followed by an author/editor index and the subject list of journals by an
      alphabetical title listing. Items suggested for initial purchase by smaller
      libraries are indicated by asterisks. To purchase the entire collection of books
      and to pay for 1985 subscriptions to all the journals would require about
      $45,200. The cost of only the asterisked items totals approximately $16,100.

PMID- 3888333
TI  - Synovial rupture complicating Brucella arthritis.
AB  - A patient with Brucella arthritis presented as 'pseudothrombophlebitis syndrome',
      with rupture of knee synovial membrane into the calf. Bacteriological
      identification of the same organism from the patient's blood, knee effusion and
      calf-swelling aspirate suggested the diagnosis, and ultrasonography of the calf
      swelling gave supportive evidence. Synovial rupture into the calf in infective
      arthritis is a rare occurrence and this has not been reported previously in
      Brucella arthritis.

PMID- 3888334
TI  - Chemonucleolysis in the treatment of lumbar disc disease.

PMID- 3888335
TI  - A randomized controlled trial of adjuvant portal vein cytotoxic perfusion in
      colorectal cancer.
AB  - In this randomized trial adjuvant cytotoxic portal vein perfusion in patients
      undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer without liver metastases was assessed to
      determine whether the incidence of metachronous liver metastases could be reduced
      and survival thereby improved. There were 127 control patients and 117 patients
      who received adjuvant perfusion. A further 13 patients were excluded following
      randomization because of cirrhosis in 1, liver metastases at laparotomy in 3 and
      technical problems with cannulation in 9. Dukes' staging and degree of
      differentiation were similar in the two groups. There were fewer liver metastases
      in the perfusion patients and overall survival was improved. However, the benefit
      appears to be greatest in patients with Dukes' B colon cancer.

PMID- 3888336
TI  - The efficacy of lower axillary sampling in obtaining lymph node status in breast
      cancer: a controlled randomized trial.
AB  - Four hundred and seventeen patients with operable breast cancer treated by simple
      mastectomy were randomly allocated to have node sampling or total axillary
      clearance. There was no significant difference in the incidence of node
      positivity. One hundred and thirty-five patients had node sampling and were
      randomized at the completion of this procedure to have axillary clearance or to
      have no further surgery. All node positive patients who went on to have a
      clearance had positive samples, confirming the accuracy of the sampling
      technique.

PMID- 3888337
TI  - Surgical treatment of perforated duodenal ulcer: a prospective trial between
      simple closure and definitive surgery.
AB  - Seventy-eight patients with perforated duodenal ulcer were prospectively studied
      between 1977 and 1982. Patients were alternately allocated to receive simple
      closure (Group I, 33 patients) and definitive surgery (Group II, 32 patients).
      High-risk patients and those whose conditions dictated a definitive operation
      were excluded. All patients in Group II had a truncal vagotomy and drainage
      except one who had a proximal gastric vagotomy. There was no death in Group I or
      Group II; the complication rate and postoperative course were similar. Twenty
      seven patients in Group I and 26 patients in Group II were available for follow
      up 12 to 80 months after operation, mean 39 months. Good/excellent results were
      achieved in 30 per cent of Group I compared with 81 per cent of Group II (P less
      than 0.01). Eighty-five per cent of Group I patients developed recurrent ulcer
      symptoms and 33 per cent had already had a second definitive operation. Two
      patients (8 per cent) in Group II were reoperated upon for recurrent ulcer due to
      an incomplete vagotomy. In a population of patients where long-term follow-up and
      medical treatment for duodenal ulcer is unsatisfactory, truncal vagotomy with
      drainage should be the treatment of choice for perforation. Simple closure should
      be reserved for high-risk patients or when the surgeon is inexperienced.

PMID- 3888338
TI  - Proteinase-like peptidase activities in malignant and non-malignant gastric
      tissue.
AB  - Activities of several proteinase-like peptidases have been determined in
      homogenates of malignant tissue, non-malignant tissue adjacent to the tumour (A
      NM) and non-malignant tissue distant to the tumour (D-NM) from 17 patients
      undergoing surgery for histologically confirmed gastric malignancies. In
      homogenates of malignant tissues the activities of collagenase, cathepsin B,
      cathepsin (B+L), cathepsin H and cathepsin D were significantly higher than in D
      NM tissues. By contrast, the levels of plasminogen activator were significantly
      lower in malignant tissues than in the D-NM tissues. Furthermore, the activities
      of collagenase-like and the cysteine-proteinase-like peptidases in the A-NM
      tissues were lower than in malignant tissues but higher than in the D-NM tissues.
      Separation of full-thickness non-malignant tissues into mucosal and seromuscular
      layers revealed significantly higher activities in the former. The elevated
      levels of these proteinase-like peptidases in homogenates of gastric cancer
      tissue suggests an important role for these enzymes in tumour invasion.

PMID- 3888339
TI  - Increased flow in the superior mesenteric artery in dumping syndrome.
AB  - Transcutaneous Doppler ultrasound was used to measure resting and postprandial
      blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery (SMABF) in nine patients with
      dumping syndrome and in ten normal volunteers of matching age and sex. All nine
      patients experienced signs and symptoms of dumping during the investigation, but
      none of the controls did so. At rest, SMABF in the dumping patients (567 +/- 47
      ml/min) (mean +/- s.e.m.) did not significantly differ from that of the normal
      volunteers (493 +/- 72 ml/min). Five minutes from the end of a balanced liquid
      meal, flow had approximately doubled in each group (1232 +/- 140 and 941 +/- 128
      ml/min). Compared with controls, increased SMABF was observed in patients with
      dumping syndrome at 10 min (76 per cent), 15 min (66 per cent), 30 min (55 per
      cent) and 45 min (42 per cent) (P = 0.05-0.01). Splanchnic pooling and abnormal
      redistribution of blood probably contribute to the pathogenesis of the early
      dumping syndrome.

PMID- 3888340
TI  - An enzymeimmunoassay of serum oestrone sulphate and its application to early
      pregnancy diagnosis in pigs.

PMID- 3888341
TI  - Experimental infection of broiler chickens with rotavirus.

PMID- 3888342
TI  - The canine stifle. I. Developmental lesions.

PMID- 3888343
TI  - A basic immunoenzymatic test which detects early acute and progressive
      destructive processes in sheep by tissue-associated protein complex.

PMID- 3888344
TI  - The use of immuno-peroxidase techniques for the identification of Moraxella bovis
      in tissue sections.

PMID- 3888345
TI  - Common ectoparasites of the camel and their control.

PMID- 3888346
TI  - Pharmacological activation of locomotor patterns in larval and adult frog spinal
      cords.
AB  - The effects of amino acids, catecholamines, and their agonists shown to elicit
      locomotor activity in several vertebrate species were examined in spinal animals
      and isolated nervous systems of developing tadpoles (Rana catesbiana) and adult
      frogs (R. catesbiana and pipiens). Elicited activity was correlated in spinal
      animals by video and electromyographic analysis, and in in vitro spinal cords by
      recordings of tail and hindlimb motor activity. Of the agents tested, only N
      methyl-DL-aspartate (NMA), an amino acid agonist, was effective in eliciting
      motor activity in spinal animals. In isolated nervous systems, both NMA and D
      glutamate added to the bath activated locomotor activity. NMA injected i.p. into
      tadpoles with high spinal cord transections elicited coordinated swimming motor
      activity in axial and hindlimb muscles that was roughly typical for the stage of
      development of the animal. In late stage tadpoles (st. XX), NMA also elicited
      wiping and alternating or synchronous (i.e. kicking or jumping) hindlimb
      movements. Addition of NMA or glutamate to a bath containing an in vitro tadpole
      spinal cord preparation elicited ventral root motor activity characteristic of
      swimming, but without a rostrocaudal phase lag. Rhythmic activity thought to
      underlie stepping and kicking was seen in lateral ventral rootlets innervating
      the hindlimbs. In adult frogs with high spinal cord transections, injection of
      NMA elicited a general sequence of spontaneous hindlimb motor functions: reflex
      wiping, stepping, and kicking or jumping. Isolated frog spinal cords were not
      responsive to bath applied NMA, under the present conditions. The activation by
      amino acids or their agonists of different motor functions in both larval and
      adult frogs, as well as in higher and lower vertebrates, suggests a general
      significance of amino acid-activated receptors in the neural networks controlling
      locomotor function.

PMID- 3888347
TI  - Regional distribution of renin and angiotensinogen in the brain of normotensive
      (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats.
AB  - The distributions of angiotensinogen and specific renin activity were examined in
      the brains of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto
      controls (WKY). Specific renin activity was markedly elevated in the pituitary of
      SHR compared to WKY. Renin levels in other regions of SHR brain were either
      significantly lower or similar compared to WKY. In contrast, angiotensinogen was
      significantly elevated in several regions of SHR compared to WKY brain. These
      results indicate involvement of a brain renin-angiotensin system in the
      development of genetic hypertension.

PMID- 3888348
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies reveal sagittal banding in the rodent cerebellar cortex.
AB  - We have produced two monoclonal antibodies against polypeptide-associated
      antigens of developing rat cerebellum. One antibody recognizes an antigen
      associated with synaptic vesicles and another binds to a polypeptide which is
      restricted to the cytoplasm of a subset of cerebellar Purkinje cells. Both
      antibodies reveal the biochemical differentiation of the rodent cerebellar cortex
      into antigenically distinct sagittal zones.

PMID- 3888349
TI  - Cell-surface antigens of developing rat cerebellar neurons: identification with
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Three monoclonal antibodies (Mab's), named 3C5.59, 3G5.34, and 3G6.41, that
      recognize cell-surface antigens found on embryonic and postnatal neurons were
      selected for study from among a group generated against adult rat synaptic plasma
      membranes (SPM's). Immunofluorescence staining with these 3 antibodies showed
      strong reactivity of the processes and much weaker staining of the cell bodies of
      the small neurons cultured from early postnatal rat cerebella. Mab 3G6.41 also
      reacted with flat astrocyte-like cells cultured from cerebellum. In contrast
      Mab's 3C5.59 and 3G5.34 appeared to specifically recognize only the neurons in
      these cultures. In situ staining of cryostat sections with 3G5.34 and 3G6.41
      demonstrated immunoreactivity that was predominantly localized to the molecular
      layer of the cerebellum in the early postnatal through adult stages, in agreement
      with the strong staining of neurites seen in primary neuronal cultures.
      Quantitative analysis of Mab binding to particulate protein preparations from
      various tissues of the adult rat indicated that each of the antigens is
      restricted to the nervous system in the adult. Binding studies also indicated
      that each antigen was enriched approximately 1.5-fold in the SPM fractions
      compared to total particulate fractions from cerebellum. All 3 Mab's recognize
      membrane-bound molecules that can be solubilized by non-ionic detergent. Mab
      3G6.41 immunoprecipitated two polypeptides of 140,000 and 185,000 apparent
      molecular weight from detergent-solubilized cerebellar cells that were surface
      iodinated in culture. These antibodies should prove useful in the further
      analysis of the expression and function of individual cell surface antigens
      during the differentiation of cerebellar granule cells.

PMID- 3888350
TI  - Ependyma: normal and pathological. A review of the literature.
AB  - A review of the available literature reveals that proliferation of ependyma
      occurs during embryological and early postnatal periods of development. Turnover,
      however, declines significantly during postnatal life and only low levels of
      residual activity persist into adulthood under normal conditions. In some regions
      of the ventricle, however, morphological and histochemical differentiation of
      ependyma is not attained for some considerable time postnatally. Recent
      immunocytochemical studies using GFAP indicate that only tanycytes may acquire
      antigenicity during development and that they may share a common phylogeny and/or
      function with astrocytes. Under pathological conditions, the bulk of available
      evidence suggests that inherent differences may exist in the proliferative
      capacity of ependyma in different regions of the neuraxis. Although the response
      of ependyma to various pathological conditions is equivocal, proliferation has
      been often observed in response to spinal cord injury. Indeed, ependyma is
      believed to play a significant role in the initiation and maintenance of the
      regenerative processes in the spinal cord of inframammalian vertebrates. In
      hydrocephalus there appears to be a remarkable similarity in cytopathological
      changes regardless of the mode of induction. The sequence, severity and
      extensiveness of damage appear to correlate with the degree of ventricular
      dilatation. The most commonly observed changes are (1) stretching and flattening
      of ependyma, most pronounced over white matter, (2) characteristic ependymal cell
      surface changes associated with ventricular distension, (3) increased
      extracellular space and periventricular edema and (4) demyelination and
      subependymal gliosis. Although ependymal cell proliferation has been reported as
      part of the overall tissue response to chronic hydrocephalus and to the pathology
      of ventricular shunt occlusion, the evidence is not entirely convincing and there
      is clearly a need for further research on the subject.

PMID- 3888351
TI  - Origin of cholinergic nerves to the rat major cerebral arteries: coexistence with
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.
AB  - The distribution and density of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)
      immunoreactive and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-containing nerves around the
      cerebral arteries was studied by using whole mounts with or without lesioning the
      sphenopalatine ganglia. Abundant VIP immunoreactive and AChE-containing nerves
      were observed around the cerebral blood vessels in normal rats especially in the
      anterior circulation of the cerebral arteries. VIP-immunoreactivity and AChE
      staining was also demonstrated in neurons within the sphenopalatine ganglia.
      Lesions of the sphenopalatine ganglia resulted in a marked reduction of both VIP
      immunoreactivity and AChE activity. In many neurons, coexistence of both VIP and
      AChE was revealed. These results demonstrate that cholinergic neurons from the
      sphenopalatine ganglia innervate the cerebral vasculature at the base of the
      brain, and that VIP and AChE coexists within the same fibers.

PMID- 3888352
TI  - Regional perfusion for malignant melanoma and soft tissue sarcoma: a review.

PMID- 3888353
TI  - Mammalian SOS system: a case of misplaced analogies.

PMID- 3888355
TI  - [Pollution of surgical suites by anesthetic gases. Anti-pollution devices].

PMID- 3888354
TI  - [Treatment of low cardiac output following extracorporeal circulation with
      captopril].
AB  - Seven patients in low-output cardiac failure, resistant to conventional
      vasodilators and inotropic agents, following surgery with extra-corporeal
      circulation were given oral captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme
      inhibitor. The effects of captopril on haemodynamic and renal function were
      studied after 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours of treatment. After two hours, there was a
      mean reduction in systemic arterial resistance of 29%, in pulmonary arterial
      resistance of 18% and in pulmonary wedge pressure of 15%. The mean increase in
      the cardiac index was 28%. This marked initial haemodynamic improvement was
      either maintained or increased over the rest of the 24 hours. By 24 hours there
      had been a mean increase in urinary sodium excretion of 200%. The urinary
      sodium/potassium ratio increased from 0.62 to 1.45. Oral captopril thus seems
      suitable for treating low-output cardiac failure following surgery requiring
      extra-corporeal circulation.

PMID- 3888356
TI  - Regulatory effects of potassium and inorganic anions on the NADP-specific malic
      enzyme of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The effects of K+ and various anions on the catalytic and regulatory properties
      of the NADP-specific malic enzyme of Escherichia coli are reported. Studies on
      the susceptibility of the enzyme to proteolysis indicate that K+ binds directly
      to the enzyme with a resultant change in enzyme conformation. Kinetic studies
      indicate that the binding of optimal concentrations of K+ results in activation
      of the enzyme, increasing both the Vmax and the affinity of the enzyme for
      divalent cations. The inhibition of enzyme activity observed at KCl
      concentrations greater than 50 mM is shown to be nonspecific, resulting from
      increasing ionic strength. The mixed cooperativity between malate-binding sites
      previously reported at optimal K+ concentration is more pronounced at nonoptimal
      K+ concentrations (0 and 150 mM). The regulatory effect of metal cofactors and
      the mixed cooperativity between malate-binding sites is abolished when kinetic
      studies are conducted at low ionic strength or in the presence of acetate.
      Acetate appears to act as an activator, increasing the affinity of the enzyme for
      malate and protecting the enzyme against the inhibition caused by high ionic
      strength. It is postulated that the enzyme is operating in vivo in a partially
      inhibited state owing to the ionic strength of the cytoplasm. The kinetic studies
      conducted at higher ionic strength in vitro are therefore more applicable to the
      in vivo situation.

PMID- 3888357
TI  - Splenic abscess.
AB  - Abscess of the spleen is a rare entity. It may develop after generalized
      infection, hematologic disorders and trauma. The authors report the case of a 7
      year-old boy who presented with a 2-month history of spiking fever, anorexia,
      fatigue and weight loss. He had left subcostal tenderness and a palpable spleen.
      He had a history of trauma to the left flank 5 months before admission but a
      splenic scan obtained at that time appeared normal. A splenic abscess was
      diagnosed by gallium scanning, computerized tomography and ultrasonography.
      Although splenectomy has been advocated as the treatment of choice for splenic
      abscess, this patient was treated successfully with appropriate antibiotics and
      simple drainage, preserving the spleen. Cultures grew Staphylococcus aureus. Of
      all the diagnostic methods available, ultrasonography is the least invasive study
      that will make the diagnosis and is less expensive than some methods.

PMID- 3888358
TI  - Liver transplantation: the initial experience of a Canadian centre.
AB  - At the University Hospital in London, Ont., 19 patients have received 24 liver
      transplants. The commonest indications for transplantation were primary biliary
      cirrhosis and cirrhosis from chronic active hepatitis. The first three patients
      in the series died of infectious complications. Eleven of the subsequent 16
      recipients are alive from 5 months to 2 1/2 years after transplantation. Eight
      patients who are alive more than 1 year after the operation have an excellent
      quality of life. Cyclosporine and steroids in combination are used for
      immunosuppression. With current surgical techniques, modern immunosuppression and
      good patient selection, the restoration of patients with advanced irreversible
      liver disease to good health by liver transplantation is a realistic goal. Much
      effort and considerable resources are required to run a liver transplant program.

PMID- 3888359
TI  - Safety of diagnostic ultrasonography.

PMID- 3888360
TI  - The end of an era: Donald I. Rice retires. Interview by David Wood.

PMID- 3888361
TI  - Infectious arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint.

PMID- 3888362
TI  - Popliteal artery entrapment.

PMID- 3888363
TI  - Depressive illnesses in children and adolescents: a review of current concepts.
AB  - Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of depressive illnesses
      in childhood and adolescence, especially over the last several years. A number of
      major books on the subject have now appeared, along with a large number of
      individual papers. This paper attempts to summarize current knowledge, and
      indicates developmental, age-related and other issues which still require further
      study.

PMID- 3888364
TI  - The grieving witch: a framework for applying principles of cultural psychiatry to
      clinical practice.
AB  - While most psychiatrists would probably agree that culture affects clinical
      practice, the task of translating this proposition into practical principles
      remains to be accomplished. This review article examines research findings and,
      based on this examination, suggests management principles for an episode of
      illness in a woman of different cultural background than those of her caretakers.
      The review examines how cultural considerations affect the definition,
      presentation, causes, diagnosis and treatment of illness.

PMID- 3888365
TI  - Endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina and cervix.
AB  - This report describes six patients with endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina and
      cervix, a polypoid friable tumor whose clinical presentation in girls younger
      than age 3 years simulates the presentation of sarcoma botryoides. In four of the
      six patients, the referring diagnosis was sarcoma botryoides. Five patients were
      treated with excisional surgery, and all six with chemotherapy. One patient with
      pulmonary metastases maintained a complete clinical response to vincristine,
      actinomycin-D, and cyclophosphamide (VAC) for 11 months. This is the first report
      of such a response. One patient with a vaginal lesion remains clinically free of
      disease 2 years after local excision and 18 months of VAC chemotherapy. This is
      the first report of apparently successful therapy that allowed retention of
      childbearing potential. Four of the six patients have been disease-free from 2 to
      23 years. After examining the world literature, it is concluded that a
      combination of chemotherapy and surgery offers a reasonable prospect of cure with
      a minimum of serious side effects.

PMID- 3888366
TI  - Localization of lactoferrin and nonspecific cross-reacting antigen in human
      breast carcinomas. An immunohistochemical study using the avidin-biotin
      peroxidase complex method.
AB  - A retrospective immunocytochemical study was performed on 67 human breast
      carcinomas to determine whether the epithelial cell-associated antigens,
      lactoferrin and nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA), could be used as
      markers in the prognostic assessment of breast cancers. Fixed paraffin sections
      were tested with anti-lactoferrin and anti-NCA. Lactoferrin and NCA were found in
      7.5% and 19% of the cases, respectively. Furthermore, the association between
      these two antigens in tumor cells was significant (P less than 0.05). Kappa
      casein was observed in all antigen-positive cases. These antigens were observed
      more often in low-grade ductal carcinomas that had positive estrogen and
      progestin receptors, but no relationship could be established between lactoferrin
      or NCA and other prognostic indicators, such as histologic type and grade of the
      tumor, stromal elastosis, or steroid receptors. Although more antigen might have
      been detected in unfixed, frozen specimens, the results indicate that lactoferrin
      and NCA possess minimal value as epithelial cell markers and no prognostic value
      when detected on routinely fixed, paraffin-embedded samples.

PMID- 3888367
TI  - Combination antiemetic therapy in cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting.
AB  - Twenty-seven consecutive patients with advanced gynecologic malignancies
      undergoing chemotherapy with cisplatin in combination with other agents were
      studied in a prospective, randomized fashion to compare the antiemetic efficacy
      of a combination regimen with high-dose metoclopramide. The combination regimen
      consisted of prochlorperazine, dexamethasone, and pentobarbital. Patients treated
      with the combination regimen had significantly less vomitus (P less than 0.01,
      Student's t test) and fewer vomiting episodes (P less than 0.001, test for
      homogeneity) than patients treated with metoclopramide. In addition, the sedative
      and sleep-inducing effect of the barbiturate made the experience of vomiting more
      tolerable, even in those instances where the combination regimen was not superior
      to metoclopramide in the control of vomiting.

PMID- 3888368
TI  - Leukemia cutis treated with total skin irradiation.
AB  - An infant with acute monoblastic leukemia who presented with an extramedullary
      mass and involvement of the bone marrow, cerebrospinal fluid, and skin is
      described. After achieving remission, she later developed a relapse that was
      isolated in the skin. Superficial electron beam irradiation to the total skin
      surface was administered as therapy for the relapse. She remains in remission 12
      months following this treatment. The isolated nature of the skin relapse, in
      addition to the fact that the relapse did not involve a previously irradiated
      field, suggests that the skin may have harbored the leukemic cells since the time
      of diagnosis. Cytogenetic data is presented that lends further support to this
      hypothesis.

PMID- 3888369
TI  - Magnetic-induction hyperthermia. Results of a 5-year multi-institutional national
      cooperative trial in advanced cancer patients.
AB  - Nine US institutions performed 14,807 Phase I-II treatments of magnetic-induction
      (Magnetrode [Henry Medical Electronics, Inc., Los Angeles, CA]) hyperthermia in
      1170 adults. All had advanced tumors: 20% had untreated inoperable cancer or
      disease progression despite surgery (10%), radiation therapy (XRT) (3%),
      chemotherapy (27%), or combinations (40%); 67% had pain; and 79% had reduced
      activity. Eighteen percent were advanced primaries, 26% were recurrent, and 56%
      metastatic tumors in the head and neck (7%), body wall (7%), extremity (4%),
      abdominal cavity (17%), pelvis (17%), lung (15%), or liver (30%); 36% were less
      than 5 cm and 64% greater than or equal to 5 cm. Treatments were to safe
      tolerance for 30 to 60 minutes for five or more treatments. Results in 960
      evaluable patients were complete response 9% (1-34 months; median, 7 months),
      partial response 18% (1-39 months; median, 4 months), minimal response 10% (1-15
      months; median, 3 months), and no change 33% (1-32 months; median, 3 months),
      with decreased pain in 30% and improved activity in 21%, independent of
      histologic type or site. Regression was dependent on treatment type and minimum
      temperature: heat only, 23%; heat + XRT, 60%; heat + less-than-standard XRT
      because of prior XRT failure, 39%, heat + intravenous (IV) chemotherapy, 28%;
      heat + same previously failed IV chemotherapy, 20%; heat + intraarterial (IA)
      chemotherapy, 28%; heat + same previously failed IA chemotherapy, 15%; heat +
      standard XRT + chemotherapy, 58%; heat + less-than-standard XRT + chemotherapy,
      47%; less than 40 degrees C, 31%; 40 to 40.9 degrees C, 45%; 41 to 41.9 degrees
      C, 54%; 42 to 42.9 degrees C, 47%; 43 to 43.9 degrees C, 40%; 44 to 44.9 degrees
      C, 33%; 45 to 45.9 degrees C, 55%; 46 to 46.9 degrees C, 63%; greater than 47
      degrees C, 100%. There were 49 (0.33%) skin burns and 2 systemic injuries
      (stomach ulcer at 1 month; lung fibrosis at 9 months). This trial indicates that
      localized hyperthermia has a significant role in palliation of human advanced
      solid cancer.

PMID- 3888370
TI  - Percutaneous placement of two single-lumen Silastic catheters for long-term
      venous access. Lessons learned with experience in over 200 patients.
AB  - A simple, fast technique for percutaneous insertion of two single-lumen, large
      bore Silastic catheters for long-term venous access is described. Helpful
      technical points are discussed. Recent experience with insertion of 102 catheters
      using this technique yielded no major complications.

PMID- 3888372
TI  - Special groups for special nurses--the list grows!

PMID- 3888371
TI  - Flow cytometric identification of cancer cells in effusions with Ca1 monoclonal
      antibody.
AB  - The fluorescence of cells from 42 pleural and peritoneal effusions stained with
      Ca1 monoclonal antibody (Ca1MA) was studied by flow cytometry. In 14 of 17
      malignant effusions a significantly higher intensity of fluorescence was observed
      in samples exposed to Ca1MA when compared with controls. There was no increase of
      fluorescence intensity in 25 benign effusions. The method failed in three
      malignant effusions: one due to endometrial carcinoma and two to malignant
      lymphoma. The sensitivity of the method was tested in experimental samples with a
      known percentage of malignant cells. The positive fluorescence with Ca1MA was
      detected in samples containing 0.1% of carcinoma cells. Flow cytometry with Ca1MA
      can be a relatively simple method of identification of malignant cells in
      effusions.

PMID- 3888373
TI  - Tropomyosin. Structural and functional diversity.

PMID- 3888374
TI  - Cloning nematode myosin genes.

PMID- 3888375
TI  - Localization and function of M-line-bound creatine kinase. M-band model and
      creatine phosphate shuttle.

PMID- 3888376
TI  - A periodic cytoskeletal lattice in striated muscle.
AB  - The axial periodicities of electron density in striated muscle fibers extend over
      four orders of magnitude, ranging from the sarcomere repeat (2000-3000 nm) to a
      residue repeat in the alpha-helix of structural proteins (0.15 nm). A prevailing
      idea about the regular arrangement of structures in the contractile apparatus
      maintains that long-range axial spacings, related to the organization of
      sarcomere repeats, are essentially independent of the short-range periodicities
      with molecular dimensions. This is a central theme of the sliding filament
      hypothesis but is only supported by evidence from measured spacings near the
      upper and lower limits in the spectrum of dimensions, leaving a wide gap in
      resolved structural information extending from about 460 down to 50 nm. Several
      independent morphological methods show an electron-dense cross-striation of low
      amplitude with a pseudo-period of 230 nm, out of phase with the sarcomere repeat,
      in myofibrils of frog twitch fibers. Averaged images of embedded muscle fibers
      indicate that the sarcomere repeat contains five symmetrical pairs of these
      striations, which are coordinated with discrete repeats of the major molecular
      periods in the thick and thin filaments, in register within A and I bands. The
      pseudo-period therefore correlates short-range molecular repeats in the filaments
      with long-range registry of the sarcomere repeats in myofibrils. This raises the
      interesting possibility that the 230-nm pseudo-periodicity identifies a
      replicated axial structure in myofibrils that integrates the organization of the
      major structural proteins into the sarcomere repeat. The density distribution in
      sarcomeres of isolated unstained myofibrils also establishes that symmetrical
      pairs of striations with intrinsically low amplitudes are independently distorted
      out of uniform register in stretched sarcomeres. This behavior is consistent with
      the properties of N lines. The out-of-phase arrangement of 230-nm striations in
      the sarcomere repeat of twitch fibers should produce special diffraction effects
      in the region of the gap in the spectrum of periodicities recorded from muscle,
      with maxima at spacings extending from 200 to 80 nm. Correspondence between the
      diffraction spectrum of myofibril models containing a 230-nm spaced axial pseudo
      period and the observed very low-angle X-ray diffraction spacings from living
      muscle (Huxley and Brown, 1967) suggests that the 230-nm pseudo-periodicity is a
      regular detectable component of striated muscle, resembling the structure of
      naturally occurring leptomeric fibrils in extrafusal and intrafusal fibers
      (Karlson and Andersson-Cedergren, 1968).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3888377
TI  - Sarcomere-associated cytoskeletal lattices in striated muscle. Review and
      hypothesis.

PMID- 3888378
TI  - Autoantibodies to the cytoskeleton in human sera.

PMID- 3888379
TI  - Intermediate filaments in nervous tissue.

PMID- 3888380
TI  - Preparation for intrusive procedures using noninvasive techniques in children
      with cancer: state of the art vs. new trends.

PMID- 3888381
TI  - Some aspects of size-dependent differential drug response in primary and
      metastatic tumors.
AB  - The response of cancer to various anticancer drugs is tumor-size dependent in
      many aspects. In general, problems stem partly from the fact that the entire
      tumor cell populations do not respond equally to a certain treatment. As a result
      of recent progress in cancer biology, it has become evident that cellular
      heterogeneity of the tumor underlies the difficulties of treating primary and
      metastatic tumors with chemotherapy. Moreover, as tumors grow, marked diversity
      develops on the tissue level as well. An uneven distribution with an increase of
      areas of lower growth fraction and of poorer drug delivery is more distinct in
      larger tumors. Heterogeneous distribution and low levels of tumor blood flow are
      considered to be causally related to the heterogeneous nature of tumor tissue.
      Considering the lack of evidence of a lymphatic system within the tumor,
      increased interstitial fluid pressure may be a natural result that further
      impedes blood flow in the tumor. The fact that the temporary and selective
      increase in tumor tissue blood flow by angiotensin-induced hypertension produces
      a remarkable chemotherapeutic effect should vividly indicate that delivery of the
      drug to the tumor is really the 'bottleneck' of cancer chemotherapy. Tumor-size
      related change in the transvascular and extravascular transport of molecules and
      its relevance to chemotherapy are also discussed in this article.

PMID- 3888382
TI  - Molecular mechanisms of cell adhesion in normal and transformed cells.
AB  - Alterations in the adhesive mechanisms of cancer cells are likely to play an
      important role in determining the invasive or metastatic potential of these
      cells. An understanding of these alterations at the molecular level is now within
      reach, due to recent progress in the identification and characterization of
      several cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Two of these molecules, the neural cell
      adhesion molecule N-CAM and the liver cell adhesion molecule L-CAM, are expressed
      on a variety of cell types from early embryos and throughout adult life, and
      appear to play several important roles in early inductive events, formation of
      specific intercellular connections, and maintenance of adult tissues. Two other
      molecules, the neuron-glia adhesion molecule Ng-CAM and a molecule involved in
      the specific adhesion of lymphocytes, appear to be more restricted in their
      developmental expression and function. The molecular characterization of N-CAM
      made possible for the first time an examination of the effects of transformation
      on the expression of a defined cell adhesion molecule. In both established cell
      lines from rat cerebellum and embryonic chick neuroepithelial cells,
      transformation by Rous sarcoma virus caused a large reduction in expression of N
      CAM. In both cases, the N-CAM-mediated adhesion was correspondingly reduced. The
      neuroepithelial cells also became more highly motile after transformation. The
      decrease in N-CAM coupled with this increase in cell motility may significantly
      enhance the invasiveness of these cells. Other surface antigens have also been
      identified that may be involved in essential steps of invasion and metastasis.
      Such studies represent the initial step toward a detailed understanding of the
      role of CAMs in the various steps of metastasis. The accessibility of CAMs on
      tumor cell surfaces, and the availability of specific antibodies to these
      components suggests that reagents may become available in the near future that
      will offer new opportunities for preventing the formation of metastases.

PMID- 3888383
TI  - The control of cell motility during embryogenesis.
AB  - Morphogenesis is the establishment during development of the complex organization
      of tissues and organs that characterizes the adult. In multicellular animals, one
      of the most important processes is morphogenetic movement, the translocation of
      individual cells or whole tissue rudiments from one site in the body to another.
      Active cellular locomotion is important in many situations of morphogenetic
      movement. Characteristically, cell migration in the embryo displays impressive
      precision: cells at defined sites in the embryo begin migration at particular
      stages of development, traverse precisely-characterized pathways during
      migration, and localize finally at particular sites in the body, in specific
      association with other tissues. One of the most challenging problems of
      experimental biology is the definition of the mechanisms that regulate the active
      migration of embryonic cells and tissues. Recent years have seen gratifying
      progress in this direction, with the definition and characterization of a number
      of processes of potential importance. This review describes selected instances of
      morphogenetic movement and contains a discussion of our current understanding of
      the problem of regulation of cell motility in the embryo.

PMID- 3888384
TI  - Autologous cellular immune response to primary and metastatic human melanomas and
      its regulation by DR antigens expressed on tumor cells.
AB  - Evidence for heterogeneity of several biological features of human malignant
      melanoma (Me) like morphology, cytogenetics, oncogenes activation, antigenic
      expression, metastatizing capacity and procoagulant activity are briefly reviewed
      in an attempt to distinguish findings related to primary vs. metastatic lesions.
      In our own studies monoclonal antibodies were used to study expression of MHC
      class I, class II products and of Me-associated antigens (MAA) on primary and
      metastatic Me cells. High expression of class I antigens was found in a high
      percentage of both primary and metastatic tumors, whereas DR and MAA showed a
      significant variation (from 3 to 90% of cells) in expression both in primary and
      in metastatic Me. When autologous cell-mediated immune responses were evaluated,
      it was found that Me cells from primary tumors but not those from lymph node
      metastases were able to stimulate autologous lymphocytes to proliferate and
      become cytotoxic for autologous Me. Clonal analysis of cytotoxic lymphocytes was
      then carried out in order to see whether the lack of lymphocytes reactivity to
      metastatic cells was due to the absence or to a low frequency of cytotoxic cells
      in the unstimulated PBL. CTL clones cytotoxic for autologous Me (Auto-Me) cells
      were indeed isolated. Three classes of CTL clones were identified: 1) one which
      is cytotoxic for Auto-Me; 2) a second one which lyse Auto-Me and allogeneic Me;
      and 3) a third one which is cytotoxic for Auto-Me and allogeneic normal and
      neoplastic cells. Metastatic Me cells, however, had the ability to suppress the
      stimulation of autologous PBL by alloantigens or IL-2. This effect was dose
      dependent and was not due to absorption of IL-2 by Me cells. Since it has been
      reported that Me cells express class II MHC antigens, we investigated whether
      there was any correlation between autologous immune responses and DR expression
      on Me cells. Autologous lymphocytes stimulation was found to occur only with DR+
      Me cells from primary lesions, whereas metastatic cells, either DR+ or DR-, did
      not stimulate autologous PBL. Moreover, the suppressive effect of metastatic Me
      cells was associated with their expression of DR antigens. The modulation of DR
      antigens on Me cells by Interferon-gamma correlated positively with their
      suppressive capacity. Thus, it appears that primary Me can behave differently
      from the metastatic one in their interactions with the immune system of
      autologous host. These findings suggest that DR antigens on Me cells may have an
      important role in the regulation of autologous immune responses.

PMID- 3888386
TI  - Randomized clinical trial of cyclophosphamide, 5-FU, and prednisone with or
      without tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if tamoxifen added to the efficacy of
      a CFP (cyclophosphamide, 5-FU, and prednisone) regimen. One hundred thirty-one
      postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer without prior chemotherapy
      exposure were randomized to receive CFP alone or combined with tamoxifen; six
      were disqualified because of ineligibility. Objective responses were seen in 68%
      of the eligible patients receiving CFP and in 61% of those receiving CFP plus
      tamoxifen. Median times to progression were 287 days for CFP and 158 days for CFP
      plus tamoxifen (two-sided log-rank test of equality of progression distributions,
      P = 0.07). Median survival times were 544 days for CFP and 394 days for CFP plus
      tamoxifen (two-sided log-rank test of equality of survival distributions, P =
      0.14). The addition of tamoxifen to CFP was not associated with longer time to
      progression or survival in any Cox covariate model. On the basis of our data, it
      can be concluded that the addition of tamoxifen to CFP does not substantially
      improve either the time to disease progression or survival in women with
      metastatic breast cancer.

PMID- 3888387
TI  - Clinical trial depleting T lymphocytes from donor marrow for matched and
      mismatched allogeneic bone marrow transplants.
AB  - Nine patients received T-lymphocyte-depleted histocompatible bone marrow and 28
      patients received T-lymphocyte-depleted histoincompatible bone marrow. Eight of
      nine patients receiving matched bone marrow quickly engrafted without severe
      graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). None of the eight patients received anti-GvHD
      prophylaxis medications. Two of these eight patients are currently alive.
      Nonengraftment and severe GvHD were problems seen in some of the patients given
      the histoincompatible bone marrow. Additional cytarabine pretransplant permitted
      engraftment in those patients undergoing histoincompatible transplants for
      treatment of malignancy, and prednisone and cyclosporine posttransplant reduced
      the incidence of acute GvHD in those given T-lymphocyte-depleted grafts. Seven of
      these 28 patients are currently alive. T-lymphocyte-depleted marrow can reduce
      the occurrence or prevent severe acute GvHD, especially when combined with
      additional prednisone and cyclosporine; however, the impact on relapse patterns
      and survival remains to be determined. The occurrence of nonengraftment and
      treatment-related lymphomas are formidable problems to overcome.

PMID- 3888388
TI  - Randomized trial comparing vindesine plus cisplatin with vinblastine plus
      cisplatin in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, with an analysis of
      methods of response assessment.
AB  - One hundred eight patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer were
      randomly assigned to receive cisplatin (120 mg/m2) with either vindesine (3
      mg/m2) or vinblastine (6 mg/m2). None had previously received chemotherapy. An
      additional goal was to determine if the observation of visible evaluable lesions
      was as accurate a method of response assessment as the observation of
      bidimensionally measurable lesions in non-small cell lung cancer. When vindesine
      plus cisplatin was compared to vinblastine plus cisplatin, response rates (33% vs
      41%), median response durations (8.6 vs 5.6 months), and median survival times of
      responding patients (18.4 vs 16.2 months) were similar. Response rates, response
      durations, and survival times of responding patients determined through the
      observation of evaluable or measurable indicator lesions did not differ
      significantly. More patients receiving vinblastine plus cisplatin experienced wbc
      counts less than 2100/mm3 (P = 0.003). The two regimens demonstrated comparable
      response and survival data but clinically significant leukopenia was more common
      in vinblastine-treated patients. There was no difference in response data
      obtained through the study of patients with measurable and evaluable indicator
      lesions.

PMID- 3888389
TI  - Application of biochemical modulation with a therapeutically inactive modulating
      agent in clinical trials of cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 3888390
TI  - Ergometry in the assessment of arterial hypertension.
AB  - The blood pressure behavior during and after ergometric exercise was investigated
      in 552 males in order to clarify if this standardized procedure is suitable for
      differentiating between normotensive subjects and hypertensive patients. Patients
      suffering from mild hypertension showed significantly (p less than 0.001) higher
      blood pressures (213 +/- 22/116 +/- 11 mm Hg) at 100 W and after loading than age
      matched normotensives (188 +/- 14/92 +/- 9 mm Hg) but significantly (p less than
      0.001) lower values than hypertensives with stable hypertension (225 +/- 22/126
      +/- 11 mm Hg). Moreover, the systolic pressure response to ergometric work was
      significantly (p less than 0.05--p less than 0.01) influenced by age. Using the
      normal upper limits for blood pressure during and after ergometry the ergometric
      procedure revealed that 50% of the patients with borderline hypertension at rest
      could be classified as hypertensives. Their blood pressure response at 100 W (216
      +/- 21/113 +/- 8 mm Hg) did not significantly differ from the patients with mild
      hypertension. In contrast, in the 50% who reacted negatively to ergometric
      testing, the systolic blood pressure response at 100 W (204 +/- 18 mm Hg) was
      significantly (p less than 0.01) lower than that of those who demonstrated a
      positive reaction, revealing exactly the same diastolic blood pressure value of
      92 mm Hg as the normotensives. The present study strongly suggests that the
      assessment of blood pressure during ergometric testing is quite useful in
      distinguishing between normotensive and hypertensive patients and in making
      estimates of blood pressure response to daily stress more accurate.

PMID- 3888391
TI  - A review of mitomycin regimens in advanced breast cancer therapy.
AB  - Mitomycin is one of the most effective single agents in the treatment of advanced
      breast cancer. Recent studies have also shown that combination regimens including
      mitomycin are effective as initial therapy in advanced breast cancer. In patients
      with advanced disease who fail to respond to initial chemotherapy, a combination
      regimen including mitomycin is as effective as the other combinations currently
      used in salvage therapy. A combination of mitomycin and a drug such as
      doxorubicin or vinblastine produces results equivalent to those reported with
      regimens more commonly used. Such a combination is a therapeutic alternative in
      patients with advanced breast cancer.

PMID- 3888385
TI  - Glycosidases in cancer and invasion.
AB  - Glycosidases have been demonstrated to be elevated in the interstitial fluid of
      tumors, sera of animals and patients with tumors, and in some tumor tissue as
      compared to normal adjacent tissue. Elevations of serum beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase most commonly have been found to
      occur and these enzymes have been shown to be secreted into the extracellular
      medium by many different tumor cell types in vitro. The mechanism of cellular
      release of these hydrolytic enzymes probably involves tumor lysosomal exocytosis.
      Increased tumor glycosidase levels may promote increased tumor cell shedding from
      primary tumors, local invasion and perhaps be responsible directly, or indirectly
      for structural changes in tumor cell surface glycoconjugates. These cell surface
      changes could facilitate tumor cell thrombus formation, secondary site
      implantation and attachment in the microcirculation to endothelial cells and/or
      subendothelial basement membrane components. Other studies have demonstrated a
      correlation between metastatic cell potential and increased endoglycosidase and
      polysaccharide lyase activity. Generally, metastatic tumor cell variants have
      been found to be more invasive and capable of degrading proteoglycan basement
      membrane components, in part due to these increased levels of degradative
      enzymes. Hence, it is of considerable interest to develop inhibitors against
      these enzymes. Initial studies with glucuronidase inhibitors in the therapy of
      bladder tumors have been promising and with the advent of better agents and the
      use of appropriate in vitro metastatic models it may be possible to design and
      develop agents which interfere in various metastatic events and limit tumor
      progression.

PMID- 3888392
TI  - Prevention of rheumatic fever and heart disease.
AB  - This brief overview of current information on rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart
      disease focuses on the problems of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment in
      relatively undeveloped countries.

PMID- 3888393
TI  - Doxepin therapy for duodenal ulcer: a controlled trial in patients who failed to
      respond to cimetidine.
AB  - Ten patients with endoscopically proven active duodenal ulcers completed a double
      blind placebo-controlled trial of doxepin hydrochloride. All ten had previously
      failed to respond to conventional cimetidine therapy. Doxepin was given at
      bedtime in a single 50-mg dose for the first week and, if needed, in a single 75
      mg or 100-mg dose for the remainder of the six-week trial. After two weeks of
      therapy the decrease in average ulcer size was 54% in the doxepin group versus
      38% in the placebo group (P less than 0.01); at the end of six weeks the decrease
      in mean ulcer size was 69% in the doxepin group versus 97% in the placebo group,
      a difference that was not significant. No serious side effects were attributed to
      doxepin, but two patients complained of mild dryness of the mouth. Suggestions
      for using this tricyclic antidepressant and possible mechanisms of action are
      discussed.

PMID- 3888394
TI  - Clinical trial of suanzaorentang in the treatment of insomnia.
AB  - The hypnotic effect of suanzaorentang, an ancient Chinese remedy for insomnia,
      was studied in 60 patients with sleep disorders. After receiving placebo for one
      week, patients ingested capsules containing 1 gm of suanzaorentang each night, 30
      minutes before bedtime, for two weeks. Treatment was followed by another week of
      placebo administration. Each morning during the study, patients completed
      questionnaires relating to their sleep the night before and to their ability to
      function during the previous day. Analysis of the responses showed statistically
      significant improvements (P less than 0.001) in all ratings of sleep quality and
      well-being during active treatment compared with both placebo periods. Laboratory
      tests performed before and after treatment with suanzaorentang showed no
      alterations in any test value. No side effects were noted. We conclude from these
      results that the compound merits further extensive investigation.

PMID- 3888395
TI  - The relationship between anticaries activity of monofluorophosphate dentifrices
      and their performances in laboratory tests.

PMID- 3888396
TI  - Occurrence of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactive cells in the neural complex of a
      protochordate.

PMID- 3888397
TI  - A correlative radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemical study of LHRH-induced LH
      depletion in the anterior pituitary of male and female neonatal rats in vitro.
AB  - After an exposure of 24 h to synthetic LHRH (100 ng/ml) in vitro, the anterior
      pituitaries of 4-day-old rats show a notable loss of immunoreactive material in
      most LH cells in males, but not in females. When radioimmunoassayed without
      incubation, the pituitary LH content of 4-day-old female rats is 2.8 times higher
      than that of males of the same age. LHRH treatment stimulates a higher rate of LH
      discharge in females than in males, but if LH release is expressed as a
      percentage of the initial pituitary LH content, there is no apparent difference.
      In both sexes, more than 70% of the initially stored LH is discharged into the
      medium after 24 h of LHRH stimulation. In males, this discharge produces a
      pronounced depletion, but in females, the pituitary still contains 78.2% of the
      initial LH content despite the large amount of hormone released. From these
      results, it is concluded that in newborn rats the LH synthetic rate in females is
      higher than that in males. This high synthetic activity, together with the large
      store of LH, may explain why prolonged LHRH treatment fails to cause LH depletion
      in females. At 4 days of age LHRH had no stimulatory effect on pituitary
      synthesis of LH in either sex.

PMID- 3888398
TI  - Effect of initial developmental stage on morphology of transplanted embryonic
      chick pancreas.
AB  - It has been reported that only certain types of pancreatic parenchymal cells
      survive transplantation. This study examines whether the extent of
      differentiation of the pancreas at the time of transplantation affects the
      resulting morphology or viability of its components. Segments of chick pancreas
      or its primordia from stages preceding formation of dorsal bud (60 h) through
      hatching (day 21) were implanted in the abdominal region of three-day chick
      embryos. After various periods of growth, grafts were examined by light- and
      electron microscopy. In all transplants, individual endocrine cells (A, B, D, PP)
      and islet structure were identical to those of normal embryos of comparable age.
      The exocrine portion also appeared normal in implants from embryos younger than
      seven days. In grafts from older donors, however, normal acini and ducts were
      replaced by dilated, irregularly shaped tubules from which new islets appeared to
      develop. These results suggest that transplantation causes structural
      modification of exocrine tissue, which may reflect its initial functional
      capabilities. These observations are compared with similar structural alterations
      that occur following experimental obstruction of ducts and in human pancreatic
      pathology.

PMID- 3888400
TI  - [Preliminary study of the pattern of relapse in tertian malaria occurring in
      Jiangsu Province and its neighboring areas].

PMID- 3888399
TI  - Immunological detection of a cysteine protease in the skin and other tissues.
AB  - Monospecific antibody directed to cysteine protease of 2-day-old rat epidermis
      recently characterized as being different from the proteases previously reported
      was produced in rabbits. By immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoperoxidase
      staining with an avidin-biotin-peroxidase method the protease was found to be
      present in the epidermis of rodents of different ages as well as that of humans,
      but not in the dermis. The staining in germinative cells was more intense than in
      cells in the superficial layers. It appeared as irregular patches in the nuclei
      and stained more diffusely in the cytoplasm where small granular components,
      strongly stained, were identified. The staining patterns in granular cells showed
      accumulation of the antigen in a granular form. The morphology and distribution
      of granules resembled those of keratohyalin-like granules in the nucleus and
      dense homogeneous deposits in the cytoplasm. In cornified cells the reaction
      product was localized by the plasma membrane where concentration of the dense
      homogeneous deposits occurred, suggesting that the cysteine protease is one
      component of the unique and characteristic structure of differentiated
      keratinocytes. In addition, the cysteine protease antigen having the same
      molecular weight as the epidermal enzyme was detected in liver, kidney and lung
      indicating a wider tissue distribution of the protease. The significance of the
      protease in regulation of cellular functions remains to be investigated.

PMID- 3888401
TI  - [New vibrios causing acute diarrhea].

PMID- 3888402
TI  - Specification of cell fate by cytoplasmic determinants in ascidian embryos.

PMID- 3888403
TI  - mRNA splicing efficiency in yeast and the contribution of nonconserved sequences.
AB  - A simple kinetic model for mRNA splicing predicts the way in which in vivo steady
      state precursor RNA levels (P) and messenger RNA levels (M) vary as a function of
      the rate constant of the splicing reaction (ksp). The model points to M/P as the
      best measure of ksp. The analysis of a set of intron mutations in a yeast gene
      supports the general features of the model and shows that the splicing efficiency
      of transcripts containing the wild-type intron is well in excess of what is
      necessary to generate normal mRNA levels. The data also suggest that regions of
      the intron, in addition to the well-conserved consensus sequences, contribute to
      efficient splicing.

PMID- 3888404
TI  - Chi-dependent DNA strand cleavage by RecBC enzyme.
AB  - Chi sites enhance in their vicinity homologous recombination by the E. coli RecBC
      pathway. We report here that RecBC enzyme catalyzes Chi-dependent cleavage of one
      DNA strand, that containing the Chi sequence 5'G-C-T-G-G-T-G-G3'. Chi-specific
      cleavage is greatly reduced by single base pair changes within the Chi sequence
      and by mutations within the E. coli recC gene, coding for a RecBC enzyme subunit.
      Although cleavage occurs preferentially with double-stranded DNA, the product of
      the reaction is single-stranded DNA. These results demonstrate the direct
      interaction of RecBC enzyme with Chi sites that was inferred from the genetic
      properties of Chi and recBC, and they support models of recombination in which
      Chi acts before the initiation of strand exchange.

PMID- 3888405
TI  - RecBC enzyme nicking at Chi sites during DNA unwinding: location and orientation
      dependence of the cutting.
AB  - Homologous recombination by the E. coli RecBC pathway occurs at elevated
      frequency near Chi sites. We reported previously that Chi induces RecBC enzyme to
      cleave one DNA strand--that containing the Chi sequence 5'G-C-T-G-G-T-G-G3'. We
      report here that the Chi-dependent cleavage occurs four, five, or six nucleotides
      to the 3' side of the Chi octamer and produces nicks with 3'-OH and 5'-PO4
      groups. Chi-dependent cleavage occurs if RecBC enzyme approaches the Chi sequence
      from the right, but not if it approaches only from the left, during unwinding of
      the duplex DNA substrate. A single RecBC enzyme molecule appears to cleave the
      DNA and to release part of it as a single-stranded fragment. These and previous
      results indicate that Chi-dependent cleavage is concomitant with DNA unwinding by
      RecBC enzyme and provide an enzymatic basis for the orientation-dependence of Chi
      recombinational hotspot activity. These observations demonstrate a key step of a
      proposed model of recombination in which RecBC enzyme produces a potentially
      invasive single-stranded DNA tail extending from Chi to its left. We discuss the
      relation between the action of Chi sites and that of special sites enhancing
      eukaryotic recombination.

PMID- 3888406
TI  - Induction of early mitotic events in a cell-free system.
AB  - Maturation promoting factor (MPF) has been shown to induce meiosis or mitosis
      when injected into Xenopus oocytes and embryos. We show here that early events of
      mitosis, chromatin condensation and nuclear envelope breakdown, are induced by
      MPF in somatic interphase nuclei incubated in a cell-free extract of Xenopus
      eggs. These events occur rapidly and synchronously in response to MPF and are
      reversed when MPF activity is diminished. Using this cell-free system, we show
      that major structural proteins of the nuclear lamina, lamins A and C, are
      hyperphosphorylated within 15 min after addition of MPF, followed by a gradual
      depolymerization of the nuclear lamina until the nuclear envelope breaks down 30
      min later. These results show that MPF induces mitotic events in vitro, and that
      phosphorylation of the lamins precedes disassembly of the nuclear lamina and
      could act to trigger nuclear envelope breakdown.

PMID- 3888407
TI  - Cell type-specific expression of nuclear lamina proteins during development of
      Xenopus laevis.
AB  - The cell type-specific expression of the major nuclear lamina polypeptides
      ("lamins") during development of Xenopus was studied using two monoclonal
      antibodies (L(0)46F7: specific for LIII, the single lamin of oocytes; PKB8:
      specific for LI and LII of some somatic cells). In the oocyte, LIII localizes in
      the nuclear polymer, but upon nuclear envelope breakdown it is solubilized to a
      form sedimenting at 9 S. In early embryos, LIII contributes to nuclear lamina
      formation until its depletion. Correspondingly, LI and LII begin to be expressed
      at a specific point in embryogenesis and appear to be integrated with LIII into a
      common lamina structure. Later in development, LIII reappears as a prominent
      nuclear lamina protein but only in certain cells (neurons, muscle cells, and
      diplotene oocytes). We conclude that amphibian lamins represent a family of
      proteins expressed in relation to certain programs of cell differentiation.

PMID- 3888408
TI  - A novel ras-related gene family.
AB  - We have identified a new family of ras genes, the rho genes, which share several
      properties with the more classical ras gene family consisting of N-, K-, and H
      ras. The rho genes, first isolated from a cDNA library from the abdominal ganglia
      of Aplysia, encode proteins that share 35% amino acid homology with H-ras.
      Evolutionarily conserved counterparts of rho have been detected in yeast, in
      Drosophila, in rat, and in man. Sequence analysis reveals over 85% homology
      between the human and Aplysia proteins. The ras and rho gene products share
      several common properties; both are 21,000 daltons, both reveal C-terminal
      sequences required for membrane attachment, and both show blocks of strong
      internal homology, suggesting that the two proteins may share common functions
      but may use these functions in different ways.

PMID- 3888409
TI  - Characterization of a "silencer" in yeast: a DNA sequence with properties
      opposite to those of a transcriptional enhancer.
AB  - The mating type of yeast is determined by the allele, either a or alpha, at the
      MAT locus. Two other loci, HML and HMR, contain complete copies of the alpha and
      a genes, respectively, which are not expressed. The four SIR gene products are
      required in trans for repression of the silent loci, as are cis-acting sites on
      either side of HML and HMR, about 1000 bp from the mating-type promoters. We
      demonstrate that one of these cis-acting sequences, HMRE, is able to switch off
      at least two nonmating-type promoters. In common with enhancers, it is able to
      function in either orientation, relatively independently of its position with
      respect to the regulated promoter, and can act on promoters 2600 bp away. However
      since HMRE represses, rather than enhances, transcription we have called it a
      "silencer" sequence.

PMID- 3888410
TI  - Intron sequences involved in lariat formation during pre-mRNA splicing.
AB  - We have shown that lariat formation during in vitro splicing of several RNA
      precursors, from Drosophila to man, occurs at a unique and identifiable but
      weakly conserved site, 18 to 37 nucleotides proximal to the 3' splice site.
      Lariat formation within an artificial intron lacking a normal branch-point
      sequence occurs at a cryptic site a conserved distance (approximately 23
      nucleotides) from the 3' splice site. Analysis of beta-thalassemia splicing
      mutations revealed that lariat formation in the first intron of the human beta
      globin gene occurs at the same site in normal and mutant precursors, even though
      alternate 5' and 3' splice sites are utilized in the mutants. Remarkably,
      cleavage at the 5' splice site and lariat formation do not occur when the
      precursor contains a beta-thalassemia deletion removing the polypyrimidine
      stretch and AG dinucleotide at the 3' splice site. In contrast, a single base
      substitution in the AG dinucleotide blocks cleavage at the 3' splice site but not
      at the 5' site.

PMID- 3888411
TI  - Accessory cell function of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system isolated
      from mycobacterial granulomas.
AB  - Epithelioid cells from BCG-induced granulomas and macrophages from Mycobacterium
      leprae-induced granulomas were examined for their ability to act as accessory
      cells for T-cell proliferation to mitogen (Con A) and antigen (PPD). The
      granuloma cells were separated on a FACS using monoclonal antibody specific to
      guinea pig macrophages. Epithelioid cells (which are Ia negative) were able to
      support proliferation to Con A but not to antigen. Cultures containing Ia
      positive granuloma macrophages from M. leprae sensitized animals did not show
      responsiveness to Con A or to PPD. Oil-induced peritoneal exudate macrophages
      from BCG or M. leprae immunized animals were able to act as accessory cells for
      both mitogen and antigen proliferation. The nonresponsiveness of cultures
      containing epithelioid cells stimulated with PPD or M. leprae granuloma
      macrophages stimulated with Con A was not due to suboptimal or supraoptimal
      accessory cell:lymphocyte ratios.

PMID- 3888412
TI  - Evidence for an endothelial cell-derived factor which stimulates the growth of
      human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
AB  - Evidence is provided which demonstrates that conditioned media of cultured
      endothelial cells derived from human umbilical veins contained a factor which
      stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell [3H]thymidine uptake. A dose
      dependent response in peripheral blood mononuclear cell [3H]thymidine uptake was
      obtained when cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of supernatant
      of endothelial cell cultures. Studies on temporal kinetics demonstrated that
      stimulatory activity was evident when mononuclear cells had been incubated with
      endothelial cell supernatant for 120 hr or more. Preliminary characterization
      showed the growth immunoregulatory factor to have a molecular weight greater than
      100,000 Da.

PMID- 3888413
TI  - Expression of Ia molecules by astrocytes during acute experimental allergic
      encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat.
AB  - One question in the pathogenesis of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE)
      is whether antigen-presenting cells exist in the central nervous system which
      help induce the development of the disease. Since EAE is a delayed-type
      hypersensitivity condition, and since T cells require major histocompatibility
      complex (MHC)-restricted antigen presentation, it is presumed that if antigen
      presentation occurs in CNS tissue, the presenting cell should express surface Ia
      molecules. Using immunofluorescent double labeling, the possibility that
      astrocytes express surface Ia during EAE evolution in the Lewis rat was examined.
      Very rare Ia-positive astrocytes were found (less than 0.1% of the astrocytes),
      but only in the spinal cords of clinically ill animals. In addition, endothelial
      cell Ia positivity was noted prior to the onset of clinical disease. The
      immunological significance of such low numbers of astrocytes expressing Ia during
      EAE is uncertain.

PMID- 3888414
TI  - The effect of hydrocortisone and cyclosporin A on bacillus Calmette-Guerin
      epitheloid cell granulomas.
AB  - The injection of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) intradermally into the ear of
      guinea pigs leads to the formation in the draining lymph node of granulomas
      containing epithelioid cells with rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and an
      absence of phagocytosed material. BCG granulomas in hydrocortisone- or
      cyclosporin A (CsA)-treated animals contain mononuclear phagocytes with no RER.
      In CsA-treated animals, these cells contain fragments of phagocytosed organisms.
      CsA was given at two doses, 25 mg/kg orally and 50 mg/kg ip. The higher dose
      completely suppressed the delayed hypersensitivity (DH) response to purified
      protein derivative (PPD) but the lower dose did not affect the level of the DH
      response, but had a profound effect on epithelioid cell formation. The role of
      lymphokines in the maturation of the monocyte/macrophage to epithelioid cells is
      discussed.

PMID- 3888416
TI  - Alternative designs for magnetic retention of the overdenture.

PMID- 3888415
TI  - Salmonella typhimurium mitogen induces proliferation of human B lymphocytes.
AB  - The maturation of human B lymphocytes can be described as a sequence of
      activation, proliferation, and differentiation into immunoglobulin-secreting
      cells. A variety of mitogens which are T cell dependent or independent have been
      employed to study this process. These moieties generally induce B-cell activation
      and proliferation followed by differentiation, making the study of initial events
      difficult. This study characterizes the mitogenic activity of Salmonella
      typhimurium mitogen (STM), a protein fraction of S. typhimurium. Glass
      nonadherent peripheral blood lymphocytes were rosetted with affinity-purified
      rabbit anti-human F(ab')2-coupled ox erythrocytes and separated on a Ficoll
      Hypaque gradient. This population of B lymphocytes, when cultured in dilutions of
      STM showed dose-dependent proliferation by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Maximal
      proliferation occurred on Day 7 using STM at 100 micrograms/ml (control, 5692 +/-
      1704 cpm; STM, 58,541 +/- 5655 cpm). On Day 7 the percentage of blast cells by
      Giemsa stain was 14 +/- 4% in control cultures and 52.5 +/- 8.7% with STM. ELISA
      quantitation of IgG and IgM in culture supernatants revealed no secretion above
      unstimulated controls. When B lymphocytes were enriched by a negative selection
      technique, significant proliferation was not observed. STM is a novel B
      lymphocyte mitogen which induces proliferation but not activation or
      differentiation of human B lymphocytes into immunoglobulin-secreting cells.

PMID- 3888417
TI  - Neuronal cell behaviour: modulation by protease inhibitors derived from non
      neuronal cells.

PMID- 3888418
TI  - A prominent microtubule cytoskeleton in Acanthamoeba.
AB  - A method for preparing by detergent extraction the cytoskeletons of substrate
      attached, motile Acanthamoeba castellanii is described. A monoclonal antibody to
      yeast alpha tubulin has been used to demonstrate the presence of abundant
      microtubules in the cytoskeleton of this amoeba by fluorescence and whole-mount
      electron microscopy. Individual microtubules, often more than 10 micron long,
      interweave to form a well-developed 3-D network pervading the cytoplasm and
      embracing the nucleus. In some cases immunofluorescent staining reveals distinct
      nodes in the perinuclear region of this microtubular network.

PMID- 3888419
TI  - Immunofluorescence microscopy of tubulin and microtubule arrays in plant cells.
      III. Transition between mitotic/cytokinetic and interphase microtubule arrays.
AB  - Immunofluorescence microscopy of flowering plant root cells indicates that the
      earliest interphase microtubules appear during cytokinesis, radiating from the
      former spindle poles and subsequently from the nuclear envelope. They form
      networks that have microtubule focal points in the cortex underlying cell faces
      and in the cytoplasm between the nucleus and cortex. Cortical networks are
      rapidly replaced by the highly aligned array normally associated with interphase.
      An antibody that in animal cells identifies the location of pericentriolar
      material, the site of microtubule initiation, is also localized around the plant
      cell nuclear envelope at the time that putative early interphase microtubule
      networks are seen.

PMID- 3888420
TI  - [Medical histories written by students, practical education and therapeutic
      approaches at the J.N. Fischer Eye Clinic in Prague].

PMID- 3888421
TI  - [Study of the walls of Schlemm's canal using the Wolf method of moist tissue
      replicas (the microrelief method)].

PMID- 3888422
TI  - Structure-mutagenicity relationships of 5-nitro-2-furylethylenes in Salmonella
      typhimurium TA98.
AB  - Mutagenicity of three selected series of 2-furylethylene was determined by the
      Ames test. These included: nine alkylesters and eleven N-alkylamides of 5-nitro-2
      furylacrylic acid (NFAA) and ten derivatives differing not only at exocyclic
      double bond, but also in the position 5 of the furan ring. Mutagenicity of the
      derivatives depends on the presence of the 5-nitro-furan centre in the molecule;
      side chains in the position 2 modify the degree of mutagenicity. Among the
      derivatives of NFAA tested as changing the substituents virtually does not affect
      chemical properties of the 5-nitrofuran ring. Mutagenicity of the n-alkyl
      congeners decreases linearly with increasing lipophilicity. Mutagenicity of the
      derivatives with branched alkyl substituents is lower than expected from the
      behaviour of the n-alkyl homologues.

PMID- 3888423
TI  - The formation of mutagenic derivatives of benzo[a]pyrene by peroxidising fatty
      acids.
AB  - Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) when incubated in the presence of peroxidising
      polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid (C18:2), arachidonic acid
      (C20:4), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5) or docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6) was
      converted to oxidised products. Between 7% and 9% of the B[a]P was oxidised in
      one hour when incubated with arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. 1,6- 3,6-
      and 6,12-Quinone derivatives of B[a]P were identified by HPLC. The products of
      B[a]P oxidation were shown to be mutagenic when tested using Sister chromatid
      exchange (SCE) technique and the occurrence of SCEs in CHV79 cells was increased
      significantly. Lipid peroxides also induced SCEs in the absence of B[a]P and
      there was a positive correlation between the frequency of SCEs and the extent of
      lipid peroxidation. The results indicate that the oxidation of B[a]P mediated by
      the non-enzymic peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids is likely to play a
      role in mutagenesis and, possibly, also in carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3888424
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of fetal anomalies in the second and third trimesters of
      pregnancy].

PMID- 3888425
TI  - [Postoperative care of patients receiving free skin grafts in the oral region].

PMID- 3888426
TI  - [Primary perirenal suppurations in children: surgical or percutaneous drainage?].
AB  - Renal and perirenal staphylococcal suppurative processes are rare since
      antibiotic era. Three cases are reported. Gram negative organisms are nowadays
      the most prevalent bacterial species: a urinary tract disease must then be
      suspected. Early diagnosis is easier with recent event of new imaging techniques.
      (Ultrasonography and computerized tomography). Percutaneous drainage with the
      help of antibiotics is the treatment of choice: it is actually a very safe and
      efficient procedure.

PMID- 3888427
TI  - Glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells in human anterior pituitary-
      immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.
AB  - The GFAP-positive cells in the five human anterior pituitaries obtained at
      autopsy were investigated immunohistochemically and ultramicroscopically. The
      GFAP-positive cells varied in number from case to case and were identical with
      the so-called stellate cell. The stellate cells were also involved in the
      follicular formation. The electron microscopic study showed the various features
      of these cells. Some had a narrow rim of perikaryon and slender cytoplasmic
      processes with a moderate number of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula and
      others formed an intercellular lumen and follicles with well developed Golgi
      apparatus, vesicular body and lysosome. The intermediate filaments were rather
      abundant and the anit-GFAP-positive products were thought to be related with
      these filaments. The stellate cells were non-granulated so far as examined. The
      variability of their ultrastructural features were thought to reflect the
      different physiological state of the pituitary. The present findings suggested
      the important role of the stellate cells in the function of the endocrine
      secretary cells. Their origin was also discussed.

PMID- 3888428
TI  - Anticancer drug pharmacodynamics.
AB  - A considerable amount of information is available on the pharmacokinetics of
      anticancer drugs, but much less is known of their pharmacodynamics, that is of
      the relationship between therapeutic or toxic response and drug concentration.
      Drug dosage regimens which are to achieve defined therapeutic objectives can only
      be designed when both the pharmacokinetic and the pharmacodynamic characteristics
      of a drug are known. There are a few reports in the literature of relationships
      in man between toxic response and pharmacokinetic parameters of anticancer drugs,
      and an even smaller number of reports of relationships between therapeutic
      response and pharmacokinetic parameters. It is suggested that the lack of
      pharmacodynamic information is currently limiting the application of
      pharmacokinetic information to cancer therapy. Ways of improving knowledge of the
      pharmacodynamics of anticancer drugs are suggested.

PMID- 3888430
TI  - Methylprednisolone as an antiemetic drug. A randomised double blind study.
AB  - To evaluate the antiemetic efficacy of high-dose methylprednisolone (MP) in
      previously untreated cancer patients receiving cisplatin (CPDD) for the first
      time, we performed a randomized double blind study. MP or a placebo (PLB) was
      administered six times during each course of chemotherapy. The first dose was 500
      mg and all others, 250 mg. A total of 30 patients were included and studied
      during three chemotherapy courses. No significant differences were found between
      the MP- and PLB-treated group with respect to the number of emetic episodes and
      degree of nausea. There was also no difference for pain, appetite, nausea,
      vomiting, sleep, weakness, or energy level as analyzed by the use of a Linear
      Analog Self-Assessment (LASA) scale up to 7 days after chemotherapy. On the other
      hand, the assessment of well-being, anxiety, and mood favored the PLB group. We
      conclude that high-dose MP used as a single antiemetic medication against CPDD
      induced nausea and vomiting is of only limited value or none at all.

PMID- 3888429
TI  - Phase-I-II study of high-dose melphalan and autologous marrow transplantation in
      adult patients with poor-risk non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
AB  - Eleven adult patients with poor-risk non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with
      high-dose melphalan (140 mg/m2) or high-dose combination chemotherapy (BCNU, Ara
      C, vindesine and melphalan) followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation.
      Six of the eight patients evaluable for response achieved complete remission and
      one achieved partial remission. Response duration ranged from 1.5 to 12 months
      (median 2 months). Prompt hematological recovery occurred in all patients. The
      duration of aplasia and the extrahematological toxicity were similar in both
      groups. High-dose melphalan alone or associated with other drugs followed by
      marrow infusion appears to produce a high response rate and demonstrates the
      potential for salvaging patients with refractory lymphoma.

PMID- 3888431
TI  - In vivo distribution studies of radioactively labelled platinum complexes; cis
      dichlorodiammine platinum(II), cis-trans-dichlorodihydroxy-bis-(isopropylamine)
      platinum(IV), cis-dichloro-bis-cyclopropylamine platinum(II), and cis-diammine
      1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylate platinum(II) in patients with malignant disease,
      using a gamma camera.
AB  - The in vivo distribution in man of the four platinum derivatives cis
      dichlorodiammine platinum(II) (DDP), cis-trans-dichlorodihydroxy-bis
      (isopropylamine) platinum (IV) (CHIP), cis-dichloro-bis-cyclopropylamine
      platinum(II) (CP), and cis-diammine 1, 1-cyclobutanedicarboxylate platinum(II)
      (CBDCA) has been observed. The availability of these compounds labelled with the
      radioactive isotope of platinum, platinum-191, has made serial in vivo imaging of
      their distribution possible. Injection of 17-35 MBq (5-28 mg) of the labelled
      compound IV was followed by imaging, using a gamma camera, with particular
      reference to the kidneys, liver, and tumour site. Hepatic and renal clearances
      were observed in all nine patients, but no unequivocal evidence of tumour uptake
      was found. The left kidney uptake was estimated at times up to 7 days after
      injection. Mathematical analysis of some of the uptake curves failed to show any
      significant difference between the clearance times observed. However, the two
      patients who received CBDCA did show a higher initial renal uptake, falling
      within the 1st day to levels comparable with those of the other compounds, and
      the three patients who received DDP showed consistently liver uptake.

PMID- 3888433
TI  - A randomised trial of tamoxifen versus tamoxifen with aminoglutethimide in post
      menopausal women with advanced breast cancer.
AB  - Sixty-six post-menopausal women with metastatic breast cancer were randomised to
      receive tamoxifen or tamoxifen with aminoglutethimide. The women in the tamoxifen
      group were virtually free of toxicity, whilst 45% of patients in the
      aminoglutethimide group had toxicity and 13% discontinued the drug because of
      this. Responses were seen in 19% of patients receiving tamoxifen alone and 23% of
      those receiving both drugs. There is no indication that the increased toxicity
      seen with the addition of aminoglutethimide to tamoxifen in this situation is
      justified by an increased response rate.

PMID- 3888432
TI  - The effect of captopril on renal function in patients during the first cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum II infusion.
AB  - On the assumption that hemodynamic changes in renal blood flow are the initial
      expression of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP)-related nephrotoxicity, we
      treated patients with metastatic non-seminomatous testicular carcinoma during
      CDDP infusion with captopril. This angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
      significantly attenuated the initial decrease in effective renal plasma flow and
      can probably be used to protect the kidneys against CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 3888434
TI  - Myocardial dysfunction in endotoxin- and E. coli-induced shock:
      pathophysiological mechanisms.
AB  - Experimental studies have documented that myocardial dysfunction is precipitated
      between 3 and 6 hr after endotoxin or E. coli. This finding has now been
      confirmed in human septic shock. A "Hinshaw-modified" isolated working left
      ventricle preparation has been used to document and assess the degree of failure.
      It was found that the failure is often severe and reversible only temporarily by
      adrenergic agents but reversible by digoxin or insulin. The cause of the failure
      has not been identified, but evidence is presented against a myocardial
      depressant factor (MDF) being the causative factor. Hearts subjected to a 2-4 hr
      period of hypotension on the threshold of failure show no signs of failure when
      subjected to blood circulating from an animal in splanchnic arterial occlusion
      shock. Hearts from pancreatectomized animals subjected to endotoxin shock with
      their source of MDF removed demonstrate the typical failure in 4-6 hr. Other
      factors are suggested that contribute to myocardial dysfunction: hypotension or
      nonuniform perfusion of subendocardial regions of the heart, depressed
      responsiveness to inotropic and chronotropic stimuli, intracardiac ionic and
      fluid disturbances, and increases in heart chamber and muscle stiffness. Since
      steroid/antibiotic therapy increases the probability (p less than 0.05) that an
      animal will survive lethal sepsis, investigating the effect of this therapy on
      myocardial function may aid in determining whether or not this degree of heart
      failure contributes in the animal to irreversible shock and death.

PMID- 3888436
TI  - Acrylic custom trays.

PMID- 3888435
TI  - Effects of coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion on cardiac cycle-dependent
      variation of myocardial ultrasonic backscatter.
AB  - We have recently reported a systematic variation in integrated ultrasonic
      backscatter throughout the cardiac cycle in canine hearts. This study was
      performed to determine whether the pattern of such variation is modified
      systematically by ischemia. Measurements of integrated ultrasonic backscatter in
      selected regions of normal, ischemic, and reperfused hearts were compared in view
      of known differences in systolic function of myocardium in each of these regions.
      Integrated ultrasonic backscatter (3-7 MHz) gated to the first derivative of left
      ventricular pressure was measured at the apex, midwall, and base in 10 dogs and
      at the apex before and during transient ischemia and reperfusion in four dogs.
      Quantitative integrated ultrasonic backscatter was referenced to a steel
      reflector. Cyclic variation of integrated ultrasonic backscatter was greatest at
      the apex [peak to trough variation 5.5 +/- 0.9 dB (mean +/- SE)] with the maximum
      near end diastole (-52.9 +/- 0.9 dB) and minimum near end systole (-58.4 +/- 1.0
      dB). Variation at the apex (5.5 +/- 0.9 dB) and the midwall (4.3 +/- 0.8 dB) was
      greater than at the base (0.5 +/- 1.0 dB) (P less than 0.01 for either region
      compared with base). Left anterior descending coronary occlusion for 10 minutes
      in four of 10 dogs reduced variation at the apex to 0.4 +/- 1.5 dB (P less than
      0.02 compared with preocclusion). Reperfusion for 2 hours restored apical cyclic
      variation to 3.9 +/- 1.7 dB, i.e., to values not significantly different from
      those before occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3888437
TI  - Coronary flow regulation in patients with ischemic heart disease: release of
      purines and prostacyclin and the effect of inhibitors of prostaglandin formation.
AB  - The present investigation was undertaken to study cardiac release of adenosine
      and prostacyclin (prostaglandin [PG] I2) in patients with ischemic heart disease
      (IHD), and to assess coronary vascular resistance before and after inhibition of
      synthesis in such patients. In 48 patients with IHD, arterial and coronary sinus
      blood samples were taken at rest, during atrial pacing to angina, and after
      pacing. Levels of purines were determined by high-performance liquid
      chromatography and the PGI2 metabolite 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was measured with
      radioimmunoassay. Coronary sinus blood flow was determined with retrograde
      continuous thermodilution before and after oral administration of indomethacin,
      aspirin, naproxen, or ibuprofen. Atrial pacing induced myocardial ischemia, as
      evidenced by typical chest pain and arrested lactate extraction. Adenosine was
      extracted at rest, but during ischemia there was a significant release of its
      metabolite hypoxanthine, indicating increased myocardial breakdown of high-energy
      adenine nucleotides. Arterial and coronary sinus concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha were low and no significant differences between them were found. After
      administration of the PG-synthesis inhibitor indomethacin, coronary vascular
      resistance was elevated, as was the cardiac oxygen extraction. The three other PG
      synthesis inhibitors (aspirin, naproxen, and ibuprofen) did not, however, induce
      any change in coronary vascular resistance or in the cardiac extraction of
      oxygen. On the basis of these data we suggest that in patients with IHD cardiac
      ischemia results in increased myocardial production and release of purines,
      cardiac ischemia does not elicit any detectable increase in coronary production
      of prostacyclin, and the increased coronary resistance induced by indomethacin
      does not reflect the involvement of locally formed PG in the maintenance of
      coronary flow, but is rather a direct effect of the drug.

PMID- 3888438
TI  - An evaluation of automaticity and triggered activity in the canine heart one to
      four days after myocardial infarction.
AB  - Both abnormal automaticity and triggered activity induced by delayed
      afterdepolarizations have been proposed as the primary mechanism for ventricular
      tachycardia (VT) occurring in dogs 24 hr after ligation of the left anterior
      descending coronary artery. Because of this controversy, we studied the effects
      of ventricular pacing and therapeutic concentrations of lidocaine and ethmozin on
      sustained rhythmic activity of isolated subendocardial preparations excised from
      the infarct, and on VT in conscious dogs. There were differences in the sustained
      rhythmic activity cycle length of isolated preparations and the VT cycle length
      that were attributable to the absence of sympathetic input in the former and its
      presence in the latter. In isolated tissues, pacing for 1 or 10 beats reset the
      sustained rhythmic activity and pacing for 1 min induced overdrive suppression.
      Lidocaine (5 micrograms/ml) had no effect on sustained rhythmic activity but
      ethmozin (2 micrograms/ml) suppressed it. Delayed afterdepolarizations occurred
      but appeared to be induced by pacing or by the hyperpolarization associated with
      recovery. Although delayed afterdepolarizations were infrequent at 24 hr, their
      frequency increased with the hyperpolarization of the membrane that occurred at
      48 to 96 hr after infarction. Delayed afterdepolarizations also occurred more
      readily when superfusate temperature was lowered. In conscious dogs, pacing the
      VT for 1 or 10 beats or 1 min had no effect. Lidocaine (2 to 10 micrograms/ml)
      did not affect the VT but ethmozin (2 to 5 micrograms/ml) increased VT cycle
      length significantly. Pacing for 1 min in the presence of ethmozin, but not
      lidocaine, converted VT to sinus rhythm. Our results suggest that although
      delayed afterdepolarizations occur at 24 hr after infarction in the standard
      Harris preparation, they are most readily seen as an accompaniment of
      hyperpolarization, pacing, or lowering of bath temperature. The predominant
      rhythm at 24 hr appears to be automatic.

PMID- 3888439
TI  - A longitudinal study of possible allergy to enzyme detergents.
AB  - One hundred and thirty-six subjects with asthma and/or hay fever were surveyed
      for possible sensitization to the Bacillus licheniformis protease present in the
      commercial antigenically identical enzymes (Alcalase and Maxatase) used in
      household detergents. Prick-test reactions reported as minimally positive were
      given by one subject to both commercial enzyme preparations at the same standard
      non-irritating concentrations and by four others to one but not the other
      antigenically identical enzyme. Two of the five, and an additional seven, gave
      weak prick tests to the purified enzyme (Koch-Light Protease) at test protein
      concentrations 100 times stronger and to which non-specific irritation occurs.
      The findings are strongly against interpretation of these reactions as positive
      and were on no occasion comparable with those in sensitive workers. The skin-test
      reactions are attributable to non-specific effects. Neither enzyme-specific RAST
      IgE tests nor clinical histories suggested clinical sensitivity. Enzyme-specific
      RAST IgE for eighty-eight subjects over a period of 5 years showed no correlation
      with exposure. None had developed specific IgE levels like those of sensitized
      workers, and their RAST levels did not differ significantly from cord blood,
      unexposed subjects and prick-test-negative workers. The eight with the largest
      increase in specific IgE were prick-test-negative and their clinical reactions to
      enzyme detergents were comparable to those of non-enzyme detergents. There is no
      evidence from this study that exposure to modern, non-dusty household enzyme
      containing detergents is likely to lead to clinical sensitization.

PMID- 3888440
TI  - Comparison between rush immunotherapy with a standardized allergen and an alum
      adjuved pyridine extracted material in grass pollen allergy.
AB  - Rush immunotherapy with a standardized and lyophilized cocksfoot pollen extract
      was performed in twenty-three allergic subjects and compared with classical
      immunotherapy done with an alum adjuved, pyridine extracted cocksfoot pollen
      extract (fifteen subjects) and a control group of ten patients. The three groups
      were perfectly matched. Clinical benefits were analysed by means of symptom
      scores. It was shown that rush immunotherapy gave significantly better results
      when asthma or rhinitis was considered than either classical immunotherapy (P
      less than 0.02) or in the control group (P less than 0.01 and 0.02). Skin tests
      were significantly reduced after rush immunotherapy and did not change in the two
      other groups. After the pollen season the skin test reactivity was increased in
      the rush immunotherapy group. Cocksfoot pollen specific IgE did not vary
      significantly in the three groups. Cocksfoot pollen specific IgG was
      significantly (P less than 0.05) increased in the rush immunotherapy group before
      the pollen season and did not vary significantly in the other groups.

PMID- 3888441
TI  - A review of the clinical presentation and laboratory findings in two uncommon
      hereditary disorders of sulfur amino acid metabolism, beta-mercaptolactate
      cysteine disulfideuria and sulfite oxidase deficiency.
AB  - Two hereditary disorders of sulfur amino acid metabolism, beta-mercaptolactate
      cysteine disulfideuria and sulfite oxidase deficiency, were described twenty
      years ago. Other examples of these disorders have been limited to about 5 of each
      in the world literature since then. Reasons for the apparent rarity of these
      conditions are discussed and the analytical procedures to identify them are
      reviewed. The detection of the first depends on the positive result of a cyanide
      nitroprusside test followed by positive identification of the specific mixed
      disulfide. The enzyme mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase has been shown to be
      deficient. In the second disorder of sulfite oxidase deficiency, the clinical
      presentation with progressive dystonia and dislocated lenses in an infant should
      suggest further laboratory investigations for this disorder which would not be
      detected by conventional laboratory screening procedures. Laboratory diagnosis
      can be obtained by use of the Merckoquant sulfite test on a fresh urine sample.
      Quantitative thiosulfate and taurine measurements can also be made. Positive
      identification of the specific amino acid S-sulfo-L-cysteine should also be made.
      The enzyme sulfite oxidase is missing from such organs as liver, kidney and
      brain. This latter condition may also be associated with xanthinuria. For this
      combined disorder of sulfite oxidase and xanthine oxidase, a deficiency of a
      molybdenum-containing cofactor has been demonstrated.

PMID- 3888442
TI  - How our food affects our hormones.
AB  - Food can affect the production and secretion of hormones by direct actions on the
      gut, by nervous reflexes, through changes in the concentration of various
      metabolites in the blood, or secondary to changes in circulating gut hormone
      levels. Not only is the composition of the diet important but also its texture,
      quantity and duration. GIP and insulin are used as examples of hormones whose
      production and secretion are diet-dependent. Their possible involvement in the
      pathogenesis of obesity and non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes is
      discussed.

PMID- 3888443
TI  - Chronopharmacology.
AB  - The time of day that drugs are given can have a profound effect upon both their
      pharmacodynamics, i.e. their effectiveness and toxicity, and their
      pharmacokinetics, i.e. the way they themselves behave in the body. The
      chronopharmacokinetics of relatively few drugs have been investigated and are
      mostly those used for the treatment of cancer. We have shown that the toxicity
      and chronopharmacokinetics of drugs can be altered by pretreatment with steroids
      or melatonin.

PMID- 3888444
TI  - Chemical carcinogenesis: a biochemical overview.
AB  - In principle, it is possible to identify and eliminate chemicals in our
      environment that cause cancer, but practical considerations make it very
      difficult to achieve this goal. Since we will be exposed to carcinogens for some
      time to come, we must try to understand how known carcinogens work at the
      molecular level if we are to develop more rational approaches for preventing
      their action. This knowledge is also important if we are to proceed logically in
      developing better procedures for early diagnosis and treatment. Since somatic
      cell mutations produced by exposure to chemical carcinogens represent key events
      in the initiation of tumors, we must try to understand which genes are involved,
      what kind of mutations trigger transformation and how carcinogens produce these
      alterations of DNA. In this paper I discuss metabolic activation of chemicals to
      produce carcinogens that react with DNA, consider repair of the covalent adducts
      that are produced when carcinogens react with DNA, and point out some key
      questions that must be answered before we can understand how carcinogens work.
      Then I outline some recent progress in the molecular biology of human oncogenes
      and indicate how we are using site-specific mutagenesis in preselected codons of
      the c-Ha ras protooncogene in an attempt to define which carcinogen-induced DNA
      adducts transform normal protooncogenes into active oncogenes.

PMID- 3888445
TI  - Beta 2-microglobulin levels in cerebrospinal fluid of children with leukemia and
      lymphoma.
AB  - Beta 2-microglobulin levels were determined in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of
      119 children (ages 1 1/2 to 18 years) with malignant conditions; 87 with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia, 9 with acute myeloblastic leukemia, 15 with lymphoma, and
      8 with solid tumours. A total of 491 CSF specimens and 202 serum specimens were
      analyzed over a 12-month period. The mean CSF beta 2-microglobulin and serum beta
      2-microglobulin were 1.11 +/- 0.58 mg/L and 1.5 +/- 0.64 mg/L respectively and
      were not different from the mean CSF (1.20 +/- 0.45 mg/L) and serum beta 2
      microglobulin levels (1.70 +/- 0.45 mg/L) found in control patients. Meningeal
      leukemia was diagnosed on the basis of cytology in 7 patients. No elevation of
      CSF beta 2-microglobulin was found in any specimen at the time of CNS disease.
      Eleven other patients showed a transient rise in CSF beta 2-microglobulin above
      the reference range (greater than 2.1 mg/L). No evidence of CNS involvement was
      found in any of these patients. Five of these patients had received a combination
      of intrathecal methotrexate and irradiation therapy within the previous 4 months.
      A transient rise in CSF beta 2-microglobulin (2-3-fold increase over baseline CSF
      levels), which did not exceed the upper limit of the reference range was seen in
      5 of 7 other children receiving the above therapy. Our study fails to demonstrate
      the usefulness of CSF beta 2-microglobulin for the diagnosis of CNS metastases
      but suggests that a transient elevation of CSF beta 2-microglobulin may occur
      after intrathecal methotrexate and irradiation therapy.

PMID- 3888446
TI  - Glycated hemoglobin and diabetes: a case and an overview of the subject.

PMID- 3888447
TI  - George Owen Rees (1813-1889): an early clinical biochemist.

PMID- 3888448
TI  - Latex agglutination-inhibition test for opiates compared with other
      immunochemical techniques.

PMID- 3888450
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay plates should be shaken before absorbance is measured.

PMID- 3888449
TI  - A survey of caffeine measurements in routine samples submitted for theophylline
      assay.

PMID- 3888451
TI  - Creatine kinase isoenzyme MB as measured by anion-exchange chromatography,
      immunoradiometric assay, and immunoenzymometric assay.

PMID- 3888452
TI  - Immunoenzymometric assay and radioimmunoassay measure different populations of
      antibody against human acetylcholine receptor.
AB  - We used a "sandwich"-type immunoenzymometric assay (IEMA) and a radioimmunoassay
      (RIA) to measure antibody against the human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in
      serum from individuals with myasthenia gravis, with markedly different results
      for certain specimens, as measured by the two techniques. In some cases, antibody
      concentrations were high by RIA but low by IEMA; in others, the reverse was
      found. Such differences persisted through 30 months after thymectomy. An
      investigation of potential causes of this disparity suggests that high IEMA
      measurements reflect specific anti-receptor antibody and are not artifactual. The
      IEMA is recommended as an adjunct to the RIA because some patients with
      myasthenia gravis who have low concentrations of anti-receptor antibodies as
      measured by RIA have significantly above-normal concentrations of anti-receptor
      antibodies as measured by IEMA.

PMID- 3888453
TI  - Immunoturbidimetric assay for alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in serum with a
      centrifugal analyzer.
AB  - This is a simple immunoturbidimetric method for the rapid assessment of alpha 1
      acid glycoprotein in serum with the "Flexigem" microcentrifugal analyzer. Results
      obtained for a pediatric population (n = 95) agree with those by radial
      immunodiffusion (x) and yield the regression equation: y = 1.4x + 0.017 (r =
      0.98). Results are printed automatically after a procedure that takes only about
      15 min. Within-run precision (CV) ranged from 2.2 to 2.5% for concentrations of
      0.35 to 2.4 g/L. Day-to-day CV was 4.25% for an average concentration of 0.9 g/L.

PMID- 3888454
TI  - False positive immunometric assays caused by anti-immunoglobulin antibodies: a
      case report.
AB  - A serological phenomenon causing aberrant results with monoclonal
      immunoenzymetric assays (IEMA's) is reported. Two different commercial IEMA kits
      detected low levels of choriogonadotropin (hCG) in the serum of a non-pregnant
      woman. These assays detected between 32 and 55 IU/l of serum hCG over a 3-wk
      period; however, an RIA for beta-subunit and two monoclonal immunoradiometric
      assays (IRMA's) detected no hCG (less than 5 IU/l). An IEMA measurement of
      creatine kinase MB isozyme was also elevated. Antisera to either human
      immunoglobulin or specifically to human IgM, added to the serum prior to assay,
      substantially decreased these IEMA reactions. Addition of either mouse serum or
      purified mouse IgG totally abolished them. It is concluded that these spurious
      reactions were most likely caused by an IgM antibody which binds to native and
      enzyme-labelled mouse IgG, but not to iodinated IgG.

PMID- 3888455
TI  - A fast highly sensitive colorimetric enzyme immunoassay system demonstrating
      benefits of enzyme amplification in clinical chemistry.
AB  - A method for greatly enhancing the sensitivity of assays employing enzyme labels
      is described which offers advantages in assays for a wide range of analytes. The
      principle of the new approach is that the enzyme label gives rise to a catalytic
      activator for a specific secondary detection system, the activity of which is
      measured and related back to the amount of label present and thus of the analyte
      it is being used to determine (C.H. Self, Eur. Pat. Appl. 80303478.4, 15.4.81
      exclusively licenced to IQ (Bio) Ltd.). The general principle of enzyme
      amplification is illustrated by using alkaline phosphatase as the labelling
      enzyme and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) as its substrate.
      The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) formed catalytically activates a
      strictly NAD specific redox cycle which produces a coloured formazan as the end
      product. The measured absorbance is at least two orders of magnitude greater than
      that achieved by conventional methods. The application of this method to
      immunoassay is demonstrated by a sensitive, rapid and precise assay for human
      prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). Some of the many other applications of this
      methodology are discussed.

PMID- 3888456
TI  - Type III procollagen peptide and PZ-peptidase serum levels in pre-cirrhotic liver
      diseases.
AB  - To obtain a dynamic and non-invasive picture of hepatic fibrosis in pre-cirrhotic
      liver diseases we measured both the concentration of the N-terminal peptide of
      procollagen III, as a marker of collagen synthesis, and the activity of PZ
      peptidase, an enzyme involved in collagen degradation, in the serum of alcoholic
      or chronic viral hepatitis patients. Peptide serum levels were similar in chronic
      persistent hepatitis and controls, but significantly higher in chronic active
      hepatitis. Chronic persistent hepatitis patients had PZ-peptidase levels higher
      than controls, but similar to chronic active hepatitis. The increase in collagen
      synthesis without a parallel increase in collagen degradation seen in chronic
      active hepatitis could be regarded as a sign of impending cirrhosis, whereas the
      unbalanced rise in PZ-peptidase observed in chronic persistent hepatitis is
      consistent with the non-progressive character of this disorder. In alcoholic
      hepatitis both peptide concentration and PZ-peptidase activity were elevated,
      thus suggesting that both collagen synthesis and degradation are activated.
      However, the greater increase in PZ-peptidase than in peptide serum levels seen
      in some patients seems to indicate a minor tendency to progressive fibrosis or a
      trend towards resolution. Unlike liver disease patients, normal peptide and PZ
      peptidase levels were found in patients with pancreatic fibrosis. Since
      circulating inhibitors and activators of the PZ-peptidase activity can be
      excluded, as proved by this study, joint peptide and PZ-peptidase serum
      measurements would seem to offer a simple reliable non-invasive method for
      differentiating and monitoring progressive and non-progressive forms of hepatic
      fibrosis.

PMID- 3888457
TI  - Evidence for existence of inactive arterial renin-like enzyme in the rat.
AB  - Inactive renin-like enzyme(s) in the arterial wall of the rat are converted to
      active renin-like enzyme in vitro by either "acid activation" (dialysis to pH 3.3
      followed by dialysis to pH 7.4) or "protease-induced activation" (trypsin, alpha
      chymotrypsin and glandular kallikrein). The molecular weights of the inactive
      renin-like enzyme(s) before trypsin activation were estimated to be about 68,000,
      44,000, 36,000 and 30,000 by column chromatography. These findings may offer a
      new aspect for the role of the arterial renin-angiotensin system in the local
      control of vascular tone by interconversion of the inactive to the active renin
      like enzymes in the arterial wall.

PMID- 3888458
TI  - Complement C4 allotype association with and serum C4 concentration in an
      autoimmune disease in the dog.
AB  - Serum C4 concentrations and C4 allotypes were determined wherever possible on
      eight dogs with an autoimmune disorder characterized by antinuclear antibody
      (ANA) positivity, pyrexia, and seronegative arthritis. Three of the six dogs
      tested serially showed hypocomplementemia at disease onset with return to normal
      concentrations with clinical remission following steroid therapy. All five dogs
      C4 allotyped were phenotypically identical. The phenotype (C4-4) was
      significantly increased in the diseased dogs. Thus C4 allotype may provide a
      marker for susceptibility to development of an autoimmune disorder in the dog.
      Serum C4 concentrations may help in disease diagnosis and monitoring the
      effectiveness of therapy.

PMID- 3888459
TI  - [Recurrence of keratocysts in Gorlin-Goltz syndrome after bone transplantation].

PMID- 3888460
TI  - [Apicoectomy with intraoperative apical titanium and silver post fillings].

PMID- 3888461
TI  - [Osteoplastic reconstruction of the mandible].

PMID- 3888462
TI  - [The diagnosis of expanding processes in the parotid gland using ultrasonics].

PMID- 3888463
TI  - Secondary prevention after myocardial infarction: subgroup analysis of patients
      at risk in the Norwegian Timolol Multicenter Study.
AB  - Timolol treatment after myocardial infarction is generally related to a
      significant reduction in both mortality and reinfarction compared with placebo.
      Retrospective analyses of the timolol study are performed on subgroups of
      patients with a high placebo mortality. The present study shows that these
      patients are target groups for secondary prevention, as they benefit most from
      timolol treatment after myocardial infarction. In patients 65-75 years of age,
      the number of cardiac deaths and reinfarctions prevented by timolol treatment is
      twice as high as that of patients below 65 years of age. Timolol treatment is
      well tolerated in the older age group and the contraindications for timolol
      treatment are independent of age up to 75 years. The reduction in mortality and
      reinfarction is independent of heart size at baseline. However, in patients with
      cardiomegaly and compensated heart failure on treatment with digitalis and
      diuretics, timolol treatment may be of special importance because of the very
      high incidence of cardiac death in this group of patients. In patients with
      compensated heart failure on treatment with digitalis and diuretics, timolol
      treatment does not precipitate heart failure. Patients with stable diabetes
      mellitus basically behave like nondiabetic patients regarding inclusion rate,
      side effects, and timolol-related reduction in mortality and reinfarction.
      Decisions concerning secondary prevention with timolol should be independent of
      preinfarction and postinfarction angina. In conclusion, 70-80% of all the
      patients below 75 years of age surviving myocardial infarction, without
      contraindication to beta-blocker treatment, can be treated with timolol 10 mg
      twice daily to reduce mortality and reinfarction. In contrast to previous
      routines, secondary prevention with beta blockers should be especially directed
      to high-risk patients.

PMID- 3888464
TI  - Therapeutic effect of taurine in congestive heart failure: a double-blind
      crossover trial.
AB  - In a double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled study, we
      investigated the effects of adding taurine to the conventional treatment in 14
      patients with congestive heart failure for a 4-week period. Compared with
      placebo, taurine significantly improved the New York Heart Association functional
      class (p less than 0.02), pulmonary crackles (p less than 0.02), and chest film
      abnormalities (p less than 0.01). A benefit of taurine over placebo was
      demonstrated when an overall treatment response for each patient was evaluated on
      the basis of clinical examination (p less than 0.05). No patient worsened during
      taurine administration, but four patients did during placebo. Pre-ejection period
      (corrected for heart rate) decreased from 148 +/- 14 ms before taurine treatment
      to 137 +/- 12 ms after taurine (p less than 0.001), and the quotient pre-ejection
      period/left ventricular ejection time decreased from 47 +/- 9 to 42 +/- 8% (p
      less than 0.001). Side effects did not occur in the patients during taurine. The
      results indicate that addition of taurine to conventional therapy is safe and
      effective for the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure.

PMID- 3888465
TI  - Polylactate-coated carbon fiber in extra-articular reconstruction of the unstable
      knee.
AB  - Fascia lata and carbon fiber were used in identical operations for the correction
      of a clearly defined knee instability in cases with a follow-up period of about
      one year. The early results suggest an improvement of the results in the carbon
      group, but free carbon has been found within the joint despite careful extra
      articular implantation. The long-term consequences of this await evaluation.

PMID- 3888466
TI  - Experimental mechanical and histologic evaluation of the Kennedy ligament
      augmentation device.
AB  - Reconstruction of the knee with a chronic injury to the anterior cruciate
      ligament is an unsolved problem. Biologic graft substitutes have failed to
      maintain knee stability in the longer postreconstruction intervals. In an attempt
      to overcome the limitations in graft performance, synthetic materials have been
      proposed to augment the biologic tissue. In this study, a 6-mm polypropylene
      braid Ligament Augmentation Device (LAD) possessing a tensile strength of 1500 N
      and excellent fatigue and creep properties was investigated as an adjunct to the
      MacIntosh/Marshall Over-the-Top repair. A two-year animal study of 54 adult goats
      was conducted in which experimental ACL defects were created and reconstructed
      with a transplant consisting of a portion of the rectus femoris tendon,
      prepatellar tissue, and the central one-third of the patellar tendon. The goats
      were equally divided between nonaugmented and LAD-augmented groups and sacrificed
      at three, six, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Mechanically, the augmented
      transplants were substantially stronger at the time of initial implantation (364N
      versus 26N) and again at two years (841N versus 528N). Intermediate times did not
      demonstrate a difference in strength. Histologically, the augmented transplants
      consisted of a loosely organized fibrous capsule surrounding the LAD. At 24
      months, "insertion fibers" were noted to provide continuity between the fibrous
      tissue and bone on both the tibia and femur.

PMID- 3888467
TI  - A histologic assessment of canine anterior cruciate substitution with bovine
      xenograft.
AB  - Glutaraldehyde cross-linked bovine xenograft anterior cruciate ligament
      replacement has been investigated in dogs. The implants were functional for the
      activities of the dogs at one year of follow-up study. The knees were stable, and
      the articular surfaces on gross inspection showed only minimal evidence of
      degenerative changes. Histologic evaluation of the implants demonstrated a
      progressive ingrowth of the xenograft by host tissues. The host tissues grew
      parallel to the collagen scaffolding of the graft and consisted of host blood
      vessels and fibroblastic elements that produced collagen of host origin. The host
      response was benign in appearance without cellular evidence of rejection
      phenomena.

PMID- 3888468
TI  - The GORE-TEX expanded polytetrafluoroethylene prosthetic ligament. An in vitro
      and in vivo evaluation.
AB  - For assessment of the accelerated in vitro and in vivo performance of the GORE
      TEX Prosthetic Ligament, mechanical testing included cyclic creep and bending
      fatigue. Elongation of less than 3% after 20,000,000 cycles under load conditions
      was used to simulate the functioning human anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).
      Device tensile strength was 4830 N +/- 280 N. The device was tested in 17 sheep
      as an ACL replacement. No immobilization was used postoperation. Implant time
      ranged from 0 to 369 days. Joint stability was maintained in all animals.
      Fixation strength resulting from osseous ingrowth reached an average of 1380 N at
      a mean implant duration of 218 days. Clinical trials are underway at 15 centers
      in the United States. The indication for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
      reconstruction is chronic insufficiency of the ACL in knees worthy of salvage.
      The following evaluation of 130 patients at 15 months or less shows improved
      stability in 129. Two grafts have been removed--one secondary to infection and
      the other as a result of improper placement.

PMID- 3888469
TI  - Sciatic neuropathy secondary to migration of trochanteric wire following total
      hip arthroplasty.
AB  - Delayed sciatic neuropathy secondary to migration of a free segment of
      trochanteric wire in an otherwise successful total hip arthroplasty seems not to
      have been reported previously. A 60-year-old woman with a total hip arthroplasty
      with a lateral transtrochanteric approach had the trochanter reattached with two
      18-gauge Vitallium wires. The osteotomy healed uneventfully despite a break in
      the vertical wire ten days after surgery. Five years and ten months later, the
      patient began to have severe sciatic pain. Roentgenograms showed a free fragment
      of trochanteric wire posterior to the hip joint. On exploration, the 2-cm wire
      fragment was found to lie entirely within the epineurium of the sciatic nerve.

PMID- 3888471
TI  - The classic. Artificial ligaments at the knee. A technique. By Frederic J. Cotton
      and Gordon MacKay Morrison, 1934.

PMID- 3888470
TI  - On the interpretation of our anterior cruciate ligament data.
AB  - Design of a synthetic replacement or selection of a biologic substitute requires
      detailed knowledge of the mechanical properties of the normal ligament. Femur
      anterior cruciate ligament-tibia unit (ACL) data have been frequently used for
      this purpose, although not always properly. Mechanical properties of the human
      ACL-bone unit are reviewed. Ligament stiffness, elongation, and energy results
      are based on grip-to-grip motion and thus include ligament and limited bone
      deformations. Maximum bone-ligament-bone force in young donors (1730 +/- 66N) is
      higher than reported previously and represents only ligamentous failures. Methods
      for measuring tissue dimensions are provided and must be duplicated for obtaining
      accurate material property data. Bone-ligament-bone strain data are higher than
      those in reports where midsubstance collagen strains are measured and differ from
      data obtained on isolated ligaments. The authors have examined many factors that
      affect ligament-bone unit response. Increasing age weakens the tissue-bone
      preparation, and only when testing is performed at high rates will ligamentous
      failures predominate. Use of the authors' data in prosthetic ligament evaluation
      requires that the material be selected based on ligament bundle properties, the
      prosthesis be examined under similar testing conditions, and anticipated
      functional loads and margins of safety be determined.

PMID- 3888472
TI  - The development of tissue around various prosthetic implants used as replacements
      for ligaments and tendons.
AB  - Currently, no ideal prosthesis is available for the repair or replacement of
      tendons and ligaments. Although filamentous carbon is a useful fibrogenic
      material, it does not fulfill the ideal requirements of a soft-tissue prosthesis.
      A number of other synthetic fibers were examined for biocompatibility and
      fibrogenic properties in both cell culture and in vivo implantation. It was found
      that the less extensible materials could adversely affect the normal morphology
      of the induced collagen. None of the materials examined exhibited mechanical
      properties similar to those of collagen; therefore, a composite prosthesis was
      designed to incorporate three criteria: mechanical characteristics similar to
      those of the normal tissue, fibrogenic capability to induce replacement collagen,
      and replacement collagen developing with normal morphologic characteristics. A
      prototype prosthesis for the Achilles tendon in rabbits, evaluated by mechanical
      and histologic methods, shows that these criteria can be fulfilled and thus form
      the basis for future prosthetic tendon and ligament research.

PMID- 3888473
TI  - Carbon fiber debris within the synovial joint. A time-dependent mechanical and
      histologic study.
AB  - The consequences of release of carbon debris within the synovial joint are of
      interest to surgeons contemplating the intra-articular repair of cruciate
      deficient knees with a carbon fiber-based material. Coverage of carbon fiber
      implants with absorbable polymer as well as autogeneic graft material has
      resulted in surgical procedures that minimize potential fiber release. However,
      finite risk of release of fiber debris certainly exists. With this in mind, a
      controlled animal experiment to model debris release in the synovial joint was
      performed. As a positive control, magnesium tetrasilicate (talc) in suspension
      was injected into the knees of rabbits. Talc produced a transient synovitis
      severe enough to alter the mechanical properties of the joint cartilage. Carbon
      fiber debris, when similarly injected, also produced a synovitis. However, the
      synovitis induced by carbon particulate was not of sufficient severity or
      duration to alter the mechanical properties of the cartilage. Neither talc nor
      carbon fiber debris appeared to physically abrade cartilage.

PMID- 3888474
TI  - Ligament replacement with an absorbable copolymer carbon fiber scaffold--early
      clinical experience.
AB  - Eighty-two patients, average age 29 years, were surgically treated (during the
      period from April 1981 to July 1983) for both acute (8%) and chronic (92%) knee
      ligament instabilities. An absorbable copolymer-carbon fiber ligament prosthesis
      was used as a tissue scaffold. Seventy-five percent had anterior cruciate
      ligament reconstructions, 6% had anterior cruciate and posterior cruciate
      ligament reconstructions, 6% had just posterior cruciate ligament
      reconstructions, and 9% had other combinations of anterior cruciate ligament,
      medical collateral ligament, and lateral collateral ligament reconstructions.
      Preoperative and postoperative evaluation, consisting of questionnaires, physical
      examinations, and isoskinetic testing, revealed significant improvements in
      categories of stability, pain, function, and strength persisting to the end of
      the study at 24 months. Arthroscopic examination and histologic studies of
      retrieved specimens demonstrated well-vascularized reconstructions with
      collagenous tissue ingrowth into the carbon-copolymer implants.

PMID- 3888475
TI  - Autogeneic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) anterior reconstruction of the knee.
      A review.
AB  - Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with patellar-tendon-bone,
      semitendinosus/gracilis, iliotibial band, and meniscus have all given "success"
      rates between 75% and 85% with reasonably short (less than three years) follow-up
      periods. A 7.9-year average follow-up evaluation of patellar tendon ACL
      reconstruction would probably represent the overall success rate of the above
      procedures at 69% good or excellent. All of these procedures require significant
      dissection and lengthy rehabilitation periods of six months to a year. In
      attempting to compare these various reconstructions, it is obvious that it will
      be necessary to develop a consistent and reproducible subjective and objective
      knee rating system that is presently not used by these authors. Prior to the use
      of the various prosthetic ACL reconstructions, careful follow-up analysis of the
      existing body of autogenous ACL reconstructions must be constantly reviewed and
      assessed in light of the newer data. As Ivar Palmer stated in 1938, "However, it
      cannot be denied that interferences of this kind are extensive, time-consuming
      and rather risky, and at the best of times, they cannot result in a restitutio ad
      integrum."

PMID- 3888476
TI  - The "liver scan" appearance in cholescintigraphy. A sign of complete common bile
      duct obstruction.
AB  - One hundred consecutive Tc-99m IDA hepatobiliary scans were reviewed revealing 14
      scans (14%), that showed nonvisualization of the common bile duct (CBD),
      gallbladder (GB), and small bowel (SB), but good hepatic uptake of Tc-99m IDA
      derivative, a pattern designated by us as "the liver scan appearance." In 11 of
      14 cases (79%), the diagnosis of complete CBD obstruction was confirmed by
      surgery, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram (PTC), endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and/or percutaneous needle biopsy (PBx). Common
      bile duct obstruction was suspected but not proven in the other three cases. The
      cholescintigraphic, ultrasound, PTC, ERCP, intraoperative cholangiogram,
      clinical, laboratory, and surgical findings are presented and correlated. The
      "liver scan-appearance" by cholescintigraphy should suggest a diagnosis of
      complete common bile duct obstruction; however, it does not specifically
      differentiate between stone or tumor as the cause of obstruction.

PMID- 3888477
TI  - Unilateral renal agenesis and other causes of the solitary photopenic renal
      fossa.
AB  - The differential diagnosis of a solitary photopenic defect in the renal fossa
      observed at renal scintigraphy is extensive. A case of one of the most unusual
      causes for this finding, renal agenesis, is presented. Additional cases that
      illustrate the similarity in the radionuclide appearance of other pathologic
      entities are also presented. Correlation with clinical findings and other imaging
      modalities is required to accurately distinguish these conditions.

PMID- 3888478
TI  - The causation of cervical cancer. Part I: A general review.
AB  - The causation of cervical cancer is conveniently discussed by using themes
      emergent from a great volume of field studies and by using the manner in which
      this evidence has been exploited in the clinic and laboratory. Epidemiology
      themes dwell on the strong correlation of disease incidence with sexual behaviour
      of both male and female, sufficient to regard cervical cancer as a type of
      venereal disease and an equally strong correlation with socio-economic class.
      Mortality rises when the male partner resides in the lower social classes.
      Laboratory and clinical studies have defined the tissue at risk and a few studies
      attempt definition of reasons for such risk. The accent in these studies is on a
      derangement of the cell filament system seen as grades of unusual keratinization.
      The vast bulk of laboratory studies is devoted to a definition of the carcinogen.
      The venereal nature of the epidemiological evidence renders a transmissible agent
      as most suspect. Viruses have been a popular subject because of this demonstrable
      capacity to transform cells in vitro and in vivo. Our own studies have
      concentrated on a component of the sperm as carcinogen or cocarcinogen. A new
      approach to carcinogenesis, relying on study of energy flow through the cell, is
      discussed in terms of its close relationship to events in the transforming and
      transformed cervical cell.

PMID- 3888479
TI  - The treatment of CIN: conservative methods.

PMID- 3888480
TI  - The treatment of CIN: cone biopsy and hysterectomy.

PMID- 3888481
TI  - The diagnosis and treatment of early (preclinical) invasive cervical cancer.

PMID- 3888482
TI  - Surgical management of advanced and recurrent cervical carcinoma: the place of
      pelvic exenteration.

PMID- 3888483
TI  - Surgical management of early invasive cervical cancer.

PMID- 3888484
TI  - Radiotherapy of cervical cancer.

PMID- 3888485
TI  - Sexual function of patients after cancer of the cervix treatment.

PMID- 3888486
TI  - Squamous neoplasia of the cervix in relation to other genital tract neoplasia.

PMID- 3888487
TI  - The prevention of cervical cancer: the place of the cytological smear test.
AB  - Population screening by cervical cytology, if properly carried out, can
      substantially reduce mortality and morbidity due to cancer of the cervix. The
      technique of smear taking requires careful attention as well as maintenance of
      high standards in cytology screening laboratories. Patients with abnormal
      cytology are at high risk for cervical cancer and should be managed appropriately
      and followed up indefinitely. The terminology used in cytology reporting is
      discussed.

PMID- 3888491
TI  - Treatment of patients with a history of recurrent tonsillitis due to group A beta
      hemolytic streptococci. A prospective randomized study comparing penicillin,
      erythromycin, and clindamycin.
AB  - Forty-five patients with a history of recurrent tonsillitis associated with Group
      A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infection participated in a prospective,
      randomized study comparing penicillin, erythromycin, or clindamycin therapy.
      Surface tonsillar cultures were obtained before therapy, 10 days after
      termination of therapy, and once a month for a period of 12 to 18 months. The
      specimens were processed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Beta lactamase
      producing aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were present in 43 of the 45 (96%)
      tonsillar cultures. GABHS colonization was eradicated in two of 15 patients
      treated with penicillin, in six of 15 treated with erythromycin, and in 14 of the
      15 treated with clindamycin. In long-term follow-up, 12 of 14 patients treated
      with penicillin, eight of 14 treated with erythromycin, and one of 15 treated
      with clindamycin (p less than 0.0001 when compared to penicillin and p = 0.002
      when compared to erythromycin) continued to suffer from recurrent tonsillitis.

PMID- 3888489
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of prazosin--1985.
AB  - Prazosin is a selective alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist which is useful alone or
      in combination for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Unlike many
      other antihypertensive drugs, the action of prazosin appears to be closely
      related to its concentration in plasma or whole blood. Prazosin is variably
      absorbed, is subject to first-pass metabolism, and is eliminated almost entirely
      as metabolites of much lower hypotensive activity than the parent drug. Prazosin
      is highly bound to plasma and tissue proteins. The influences of renal, hepatic
      and cardiac disease on the disposition of prazosin are reviewed, as are the
      effects of pregnancy and ageing. The optimum use of prazosin in clinical practice
      depends on an understanding of the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug.

PMID- 3888492
TI  - Human insulin.
AB  - The two human insulins of clinical importance are (a) semisynthetic human insulin
      prepared from pork pancreas by enzymatically substituting threonine for alanine
      the last amino acid in the beta chain-thereby transforming pork insulin in vitro
      to human insulin; and (b) biosynthetic human insulin synthesized
      biotechnologically in Escherichia coli-K12. Using this latter technique, it is
      possible to produce mass quantities of highly purified insulin for the treatment
      of insulin-dependent diabetics, avoiding the problems inherent in supplies of
      insulin produced from animal pancreas. It has been suggested that to avoid
      confusion the two human insulins should be called semisynthetic human insulin of
      pork origin and biosynthetic human insulin of E. coli origin, respectively. These
      insulins have four advantages over highly purified animal insulins: (a) they
      induce lower titers of circulating insulin antibodies; (b) their subcutaneous
      injection is associated with fewer skin reactions; (c) they are absorbed more
      rapidly from the injection site; and (d) less degradation occurs at the site of
      injection. These data indicate that newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes,
      particularly in children, should be treated with either of the two human
      insulins. The warranty against inadequate supplies of insulin offered by
      biosynthetic human insulin makes the use of pork insulins unnecessary and beef
      insulins totally useless.

PMID- 3888493
TI  - Physiological, pathophysiological and pharmacological aspects of exogenous and
      endogenous opiates.
AB  - Endogenous opioid peptides have been detected not only in the central nervous
      system but also in the peripheral autonomic nervous system of the
      gastrointestinal tract and pancreas and several other organs. In addition opioid
      active peptides have been found in certain nutrients such as wheat gluten and
      bovine and human milk. Functional studies have presented evidence for a
      participation of endogenous opioids in the regulation of certain pituitary and
      gastrointestinal functions. Apart from being a physiological neuroregulator there
      is evidence that endogenous opioids might play a role as a pathogenetic factor in
      various clinical disorders. The evidence for these different aspects of opioid
      function is reviewed in the present article.

PMID- 3888490
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of the salicylates.
AB  - The use of salicylates in rheumatic diseases has been established for over 100
      years. The more recent recognition of their modification of platelet and
      endothelial cell function has lead to their use in other areas of medicine.
      Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is still the most commonly used salicylate. After
      oral administration as an aqueous solution aspirin is rapidly absorbed at the low
      pH of the stomach millieu. Less rapid absorption is observed with other
      formulations due to the rate limiting step of tablet disintegration - this latter
      factor being maximal in alkaline pH. The rate of aspirin absorption is dependent
      not only on the formulation but also on the rate of gastric emptying. Aspirin
      absorption follows first-order kinetics with an absorption half-life ranging from
      5 to 16 minutes. Hydrolysis of aspirin to salicylic acid by nonspecific esterases
      occurs in the liver and, to a lesser extent, the stomach so that only 68% of the
      dose reaches the systemic circulation as aspirin. Both aspirin and salicylic acid
      are bound to serum albumin (aspirin being capable of irreversibly acetylating
      many proteins), and both are distributed in the synovial cavity, central nervous
      system, and saliva. The serum half-life of aspirin is approximately 20 minutes.
      The fall in aspirin concentration is associated with a rapid rise in salicylic
      acid concentration. Salicylic acid is renally excreted in part unchanged and the
      rate of elimination is influenced by urinary pH, the presence of organic acids,
      and the urinary flow rate. Metabolism of salicylic acid occurs through
      glucuronide formation (to produce salicyluric acid), and salicyl phenolic
      glucoronide), conjugation with glycine (to produce salicyluric acid), and
      oxidation to gentisic acid. The rate of formation of salicyl phenolic glucuronide
      and salicyluric acid are easily saturated at low salicylic acid concentrations
      and their formation is described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The other
      metabolic products follow first-order kinetics. The serum half-life of salicylic
      acid is dose-dependent; thus, the larger the dose employed, the longer it will
      take to reach steady-state. There is also evidence that enzyme induction of
      salicyluric acid formation occurs. No significant differences exist between the
      pharmacokinetics of the salicylates in the elderly or in children when compared
      with young adults. Apart from differences in free versus albumin-bound salicylate
      in various disease states and physiological conditions associated with low serum
      albumin, pharmacokinetic parameters in patients with rheumatoid arthritis,
      osteoarthritis, chronic renal failure or liver disease are essentially the
      same.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3888494
TI  - In vitro inhibition of insulin release mediated by sera with complement-fixing
      islet cell antibodies belonging to normal first degree relatives of patients with
      type 1 diabetes.
AB  - Islet cell antibodies (ICA) are present in the sera of most patients with Type 1
      diabetes at diagnosis and in some of their genetically susceptible, but otherwise
      normal, first degree relatives. In this study we have investigated basal and
      stimulated insulin release by mouse islets following preincubation with human
      sera (with or without the addition of guinea pig complement) belonging to: 15
      normal first degree relatives of diabetic probands; 7 patients with Type 1
      diabetes; 7 control subjects with no history of diabetes. All sera had been
      previously screened for conventional (IgG), complement fixing (CF) and surface
      (S) ICA. Basal insulin release was not altered by any of the sera. The response
      to stimulus after incubation with ICA negative and IgG-ICA positive (but CF-ICA
      negative) sera was similar whether complement was present or not. Stimulated
      insulin release was significantly inhibited by complement and sera from 2
      relatives and 3 diabetic patients. These sera were CF-ICA positive, the sera of
      the 2 relatives being also ICSA positive. One relative developed Type 1 diabetes
      14 months later. This study demonstrates for the first time that sera containing
      CF-ICA and belonging to individuals susceptible to Type 1 diabetes, can impair
      insulin release in vitro. It is therefore likely that antibody-dependent,
      complement-mediated mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of Type 1
      diabetes.

PMID- 3888488
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of the third generation cephalosporins.
AB  - At the present time, the third generation cephalosporins that are already on the
      market or close to this point include cefsulodin, cefotaxime, cefoperazone,
      latamoxef, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, ceftizoxime and cefotetan. Other newer
      compounds are also under development but have not been included in this review.
      None of the third generation compounds is suitable for oral administration and,
      accordingly, their pharmacokinetics have been studied only after intravenous and
      intramuscular administration. Microbiological assays and HPLC methods have been
      used for the measurement of plasma/serum, urine, bile and cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) concentrations. As found with cefotaxime, microbiological assays should
      only be used when the full metabolite spectrum of a particular drug is known, as
      otherwise, the presence of microbiologically active metabolites may lead to
      erroneous conclusions. Under normal conditions, the major route of elimination is
      via the kidneys for cefsulodin, latamoxef, ceftazidime, ceftizoxime and
      cefotetan. In contrast, cefoperazone is mainly eliminated in the bile, whereas
      cefotaxime and ceftriaxone depend both on the liver and the kidneys for their
      elimination. With the exception of ceftriaxone, which has a longer elimination
      half-life (i.e. around 8 hours), all the other third generation cephalosporins
      have a t1/2 ranging between 1.5 and 2.5 hours. Plasma protein binding is variable
      from one compound to another. However, the clinical relevance of this parameter
      is not clearly established since tissue penetration also depends on the relative
      affinity of the drug for tissue components. Third generation cephalosporins seem
      to penetrate adequately into the CSF and, thus pharmacokinetically appear to be
      appropriate agents for the treatment of meningitis. The degree of modification of
      pharmacokinetic parameters by renal insufficiency or hepatic diseases depends, as
      for other drugs, on the extent to which the compound is excreted via the kidneys
      or the liver. The third generation cephalosporins have been extensively studied
      under these conditions and recommendations for dosage modification in special
      circumstances are available for most of them. The pharmacokinetics of some third
      generation cephalosporins may be modified in neonates and elderly patients.
      Accordingly, their use at the extremes of age must be accompanied by a closer
      than usual clinical monitoring of the patient. From a clinical point of view, the
      third generation cephalosporins possess reliable pharmacokinetic
      properties.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3888495
TI  - Insulin pump treatment: effect on glucose homeostasis, metabolites, hormones,
      insulin antibodies and quality of life.
AB  - Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with a portable pump was compared
      to unchanged conventional treatment (UCT) in long-term treated patients with IDDM
      in order to evaluate changes in glucose homeostasis, metabolites, hormones and
      quality of life. We found that the mean blood glucose values, measured at home,
      and the HbA1c values were significantly lower in the CSII group compared to the
      UCT group. The improved control during CSII was followed by a nearly
      normalization of the diurnal pattern of FFA and ketone bodies in plasma. Plasma
      free insulin values were significantly higher in the morning (fasting) during
      CSII compared to UCT, whereas the mean diurnal concentrations and the diurnal
      pattern were identical in the 2 groups. Both peak values of growth hormone during
      the day and the fasting values were significantly lower in the CSII group
      compared to the UCT group. In patients treated with the insulin pump (CSII) the
      wellbeing (quality of life) was estimated to be significantly improved. Two
      patients developed ketoacidosis during CSII, whereas 2 controls (UCT) were
      hospitalized with hypoglycemic coma. We conclude that insulin pump treatment for
      6 months results in a near normalization of glucose and FFA metabolism, resulting
      in an improved quality of life. The improved control seems not to be explained by
      a change of the diurnal pattern of plasma insulin. However, the higher morning
      values may be of significant importance.

PMID- 3888496
TI  - Changes in blood amino acids account for the insulin and glucagon responses to
      mixed meals in dogs.
AB  - The relationships between changes in the plasma levels of immunoreactive insulin
      (IRI) and glucagon (IRG) in response to the postprandial increments of
      circulating amino acids were studied under normal physiological conditions in
      healthy dogs. In the presence of a unique postprandial physiological euglycemic
      "glucose clamp" which occurs in these dogs, plasma IRG rose to an earlier peak
      than IRI and both remained elevated for 16-19 hr. Amino acid (AA) profiles also
      showed postprandial incremental responses for up to 16 hr. Multiple correlation
      analyses indicated that only branched chain AAs were significantly correlated
      with IRI profiles and were devoid of a relationship to IRG. Similarly, only
      ornithine, lysine and glycine were significantly correlated with IRG profiles and
      devoid of a relationship to IRI. The significance of individual IRG stimulating
      effects of alanine and arginine were masked by other amino acid interactions, as
      significant intercorrelation was found among all 13 amino acids. Two equations
      were derived from the multiple regression analysis accounting for the
      postprandial time course of changes in IRI and IRG levels with only 5 amino acid
      concentrations: (1) (delta IRI) = 0.37 (delta Leu) -0.45(delta His), and (2)
      (delta IRG) = 0.55(delta Orn) + 0.37(delta Gly) -0.69 (delta Ser). These
      observations confirm the physiologic role in islet hormone secretion of the
      postprandial increments in circulating amino acids in the absence of glycemic
      change.

PMID- 3888497
TI  - HLA typing and karyotyping of limited numbers of lymphocytes is facilitated by in
      vitro expansion with TCGF.
AB  - It is often difficult to obtain sufficient quantities of leukocytes from bone
      marrow (BM) transplant recipients for post-transplant immunological monitoring
      and evaluation of engraftment. We have developed a cell culture expansion
      technique that allows HLA-A,B, and DR typing as well as karyotyping on limited
      numbers (less than 10(7)) of lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from healthy control donors
      were allo-activated in vitro and further expanded by culturing in T-cell growth
      factor (TCGF). After 14 days of culture, these cells were sent for blind HLA-A,B
      and DR typing and for karyotyping. Surface marker studies showed that 90% of the
      T-cells expanded in growth factor are OK-la positive. HLA typing with these DR
      bearing in vitro expanded T-cells showed excellent correlation with HLA typing on
      fresh unexpanded lymphocytes. Karyotyping of expanded T-cells showed normal male
      or female cells as expected. This technique may be especially valuable when
      testing pediatric or adult patients with very low lymphocyte counts.

PMID- 3888498
TI  - The size and strength of the quadriceps muscles of old and young men.
AB  - The mean isometric strength of the stronger quadriceps muscles of 12 healthy men
      in their seventies was 39% less than that of 12 healthy men in their twenties (P
      less than 0.001). The cross-sectional area of the quadriceps was measured at mid
      thigh, by ultrasound scanning; the older men's stronger quadriceps were 25%
      smaller (P less than 0.001). The ratio of the stronger quadriceps' strength to
      its cross-sectional area was very similar in the old men to values obtained
      previously for both old and young women, but averaged 19% less than in the young
      men (P less than 0.02). Quadriceps size and strength were correlated in the old
      men (r = 0.77, P = 0.03) but not in the young men (r = 0.15). The principal axis
      of the relationship between quadriceps size and strength in the old men was very
      similar to those previously reported for both old and young women. The quadriceps
      strength of some young men is greater than would be expected from the size of the
      muscle.

PMID- 3888499
TI  - New aspects on atelectasis during anaesthesia.
AB  - Sixteen subjects were studied with regard to lung tissue changes during general
      anaesthesia. The transverse area and the structure of the lung tissue were
      studied by computerized tomography. No abnormalities were noted in the lung
      tissue before anaesthesia, but within five minutes after induction, all subjects
      had developed crest-shaped dependent changes of an increased density in both
      lungs. They correspond to 4 - 5 per cent of the total transverse area. The size
      of the densities could not be correlated to the age of the subjects, or time of
      the anaesthesia, and they were not affected by the inspiratory oxygen fraction.
      They could be rotated by turning the patient, and the application of a positive
      end-expiratory pressure eliminated or reduced the densities. It is suggested that
      the densities are atelectases, which develop by compression of lung tissue, and
      not by gas resorption.

PMID- 3888501
TI  - Noninvasive pulmonary blood flow for optimal PEEP.
AB  - Recent data in the literature suggest that effective pulmonary blood flow (Qp)
      measured invasively as cardiac output minus shunt flow, assumes its largest value
      at a PEEP level that is optimal in the sense that it also provides close to
      maximal oxygen delivery. Qp obtained noninvasively from simultaneous measurements
      of mixed expired and end-tidal CO2-concentrations is therefore proposed as a
      simple clinical indicator of the effects of PEEP on the cardio-pulmonary system.
      It is shown that modern respiratory equipment can be easily adapted to implement
      such a noninvasive evaluation of PEEP therapy. If the method is proven useful an
      automatic search for optimal PEEP becomes a future possibility.

PMID- 3888500
TI  - What causes the lowered FRC during anaesthesia?
AB  - Functional residual capacity (FRC) by means of body plethysmography chest-abdomen
      dimensions by whole body computerized tomography, central blood volume (CBV) by
      double-indicator dilution technique and extremity (peripheral) blood volume (PBV)
      by segmental thigh and upper arm plethysmography, were assessed in lung-healthy
      patients who were to undergo general anaesthesia and elective surgery.
      Anaesthesia was induced by thiopentone and was maintained either by a continuous
      drip of thiopentone or by inhalation of halothane. Muscle relaxation was obtained
      by pancuronium bromide. Anaesthesia caused a reduction of the total thoracic
      volume by an average of 0.75 1. This followed from a cranial shift of the
      diaphragm and to less extent by a reduced transversal chest area. FRC was
      concomitantly reduced by an average of 0.5 1 and the CBV, mainly thoracic blood,
      was reduced by 0.25 - 0.3 1. PBV was slightly reduced by 0.1 1, and it is
      concluded that these fractions of CBV and TBV must have been pooled in the
      abdomen. This pooling resulted in more or less maintained transversal abdomen
      area despite the cranial shift of the diaphragm.

PMID- 3888502
TI  - Asynchronous ventilation in the dog: effects on lung blood flow and gas exchange.

PMID- 3888503
TI  - Reliable estimation of series dead space in ventilated patients.

PMID- 3888504
TI  - Reactive arthritis.

PMID- 3888505
TI  - Psoriatic arthritis.

PMID- 3888506
TI  - Postmortem bacteriology of cadaver tissue donors: an evaluation of blood cultures
      as an index of tissue sterility.
AB  - Microbiological cultures were performed on the blood and bone marrow of 239
      cadaver bone donors and 58 "beating heart cadaver" organ donors who had been
      asymptomatic of sepsis. The incidence of positive blood cultures was
      significantly lower among the "beating heart cadaver" donors (8.6%) as compared
      to other donors from whom tissues were excised up to 30 hr postmortem (38%).
      Microorganisms were isolated from the bones of 82 of 148 (55.4%) bone donors as
      well as from 36 of 53 (67.9%) "beating heart cadaver" donors who had negative
      blood cultures. The majority of microbial species recovered from the blood and
      bone marrow belonged to species normal to the skin microflora (coagulase-negative
      staphylococci, Bacillus and Propionibacterium species). Species of Clostridium
      were the second most common organisms isolated from the blood. Blood cultures
      alone were not useful as indicators of sepsis in cadaver tissue donors or as an
      index of the sterility of the tissues excised for transplantation.

PMID- 3888507
TI  - Effectiveness of antibiotic removal by the antibiotic-binding blood culture
      systems.
AB  - The effectiveness of antibiotic removal by the BACTEC aerobic resin-containing
      blood culture medium (16B) and the Antimicrobial Removal Device (ARD) was
      compared for 12 antibiotics: ampicillin, cephalothin, cefoperazone, cefotaxime,
      moxalactam, nafcillin, gentamicin, tobramycin, azlocillin, mezlocillin,
      piperacillin, and ticarcillin. The ability to recover eight commonly encountered
      species of bacteria from antibiotic-containing serum by these two systems showed
      that recovery of antibiotic-exposed bacteria was dependent not only upon the
      amount and rate of the antibiotic removal but also upon the kinetics of bacterial
      killing by the antibiotic(s). The 16B medium had difficulty recovering organisms
      exposed to ticarcillin and moxalactam, whereas the ARD had difficulties with
      moxalactam and sometimes with cefotaxime and cefoperazone. Although neither
      system was able to recover all species of microorganisms tested, these in vitro
      results suggest that to use optimally these new culture systems, knowledge of the
      suspected pathogen(s), the amount and kind of antibiotic(s) administered, and the
      rate of bacterial killing by the antibiotic(s) is required.

PMID- 3888508
TI  - Biochemical and exoenzymatic properties of Aeromonas species.
AB  - One hundred twenty-seven isolates of Aeromonas comprising the three currently
      recognizable species (A. hydrophila, A. sobria, and A. caviae) were evaluated for
      biochemical and exoenzymatic properties. Aeromonas species were generally
      (greater than 90%) characterized as gram-negative fermentative rods that were
      oxidase-, catalase-, and beta-galactosidase-positive, produced arginine
      dihydrolase, and failed to decarboxylate ornithine. More than 95% of all isolates
      tested failed to grow on 6.5% salt or thiosulfate-citrate bile salts agar and
      were resistant to the vibriostatic agent 0/129. Most Aeromonas species produced
      acid from hexoses while failing to ferment alcoholic sugars or trisaccharides. In
      exoenzymatic studies, Aeromonas species were uniformly found to produce several
      exoenzymes, including amylase, DNase, RNase, esterase, lipase, gelatinase,
      protease, fibrinolysin, and chitinase. Within the genus, a number of biochemical
      and enzymatic properties were found to be associated with one or more of the
      taxonomically recognizable species. These properties included glycoside
      utilization, Heiberg grouping based upon fermentation of arabinose, sucrose, and
      mannose, and the elaboration of several extracellular enzymes (elastase,
      hemolysin, lecithinase, phosphatase). In addition, phenotypic markers previously
      associated with enterotoxigenic Aeromonas isolates were almost exclusively found
      among A. hydrophila and A. sobria species, suggesting that these species are the
      major enteric pathogens.

PMID- 3888509
TI  - Opsonic activity of MCP-1 and MCP-2, cationic peptides from rabbit alveolar
      macrophages.
AB  - MCP-1 and MCP-2, cationic peptides derived from rabbit alveolar macrophages,
      enhanced the ability of these cells to ingest Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella
      pneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica, and Candida albicans in vitro. The opsonic
      effect of MCP-1 was potentiated by Ca++ and Mg++ and was associated with binding
      of the peptide to alveolar macrophages and microorganisms. MCP-1 and MCP-2 may
      contribute to the ability of alveolar macrophage to ingest microorganisms that
      gain entry to the lower respiratory tract.

PMID- 3888511
TI  - Histoplasma capsulatum recovered from Isolator system.

PMID- 3888510
TI  - Improved urine screening using a combination of leukocyte esterase and the Lumac
      system.
AB  - Three rapid urine screening tests, leukocyte esterase, nitrite, and the Lumac
      System for detection of bacterial ATP, were evaluated alone and in combination to
      determine their utility in screening urine specimens from male patients for
      bacteruria. The combination of leukocyte esterase and Lumac testing resulted in
      significant improvement in the sensitivity of urine screening over each test
      individually and the combination of leukocyte esterase and nitrite. The leukocyte
      esterase/Lumac combination detected 98% of those specimens with greater than or
      equal to 10(5) CFU/ml and had a negative predictive value of 99%. The results
      obtained from this type of testing can be used with confidence to minimize the
      number of urine specimens cultured and to provide rapid reporting of negative
      results.

PMID- 3888512
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography in the evaluation of neoplasms.
AB  - Intravenous and intraarterial DSA studies were performed in patients being
      evaluated for possible neoplastic disease. DSA studies were obtained of the head,
      neck, chest, abdomen and extremities to evaluate the potential use of this
      technique in the cancer patient's workup. The results of this study suggest that
      many cancer patients can have the extent of tumor involvement defined using
      intravenous digital subtraction angiography. However, due to the number of false
      negative examinations, this study should not be relied upon as the only screening
      procedure. The current best application of DSA appears to be its use in
      conjunction with intraarterial injections as a faster and more economical
      alternative to angiography and in following up these neoplasms with intravenous
      DSA after appropriate therapy to evaluate possible recurrence or metastatic
      spread. Hybrid subtraction techniques and/or the development of new contrast
      media may greatly facilitate the use of intravenous DSA in conjunction with
      cancer diagnosis.

PMID- 3888513
TI  - Digital subtraction bronchography with stable xenon.
AB  - An experimental animal study using digital subtraction fluoroscopy to image the
      bronchial tree with stable xenon shows that major bronchi can be imaged. A fast
      frame rate is necessary to minimize the effects of subject motion. Optimum
      contrast between air in lung and xenon in bronchi is obtained when the first two
      thirds of a vital capacity breathhold consists of air or oxygen and the last one
      third consists of 100% xenon.

PMID- 3888514
TI  - Combining CT scanning with stereotactic surgery.
AB  - A procedure to allow calculation of coordinates from a CT scan taken with a GE
      8800 or GE 9800 scanner is described. This permits introduction of a probe, such
      as a biopsy forceps or cannula, into any brain lesion identified on CT scanning.
      Thus, a neurosurgeon with access to a GE scanner can perform CT directed
      stereotactic surgery with any stereotactic apparatus.

PMID- 3888515
TI  - [Notes on pauperism by Florence Nightingale].

PMID- 3888516
TI  - Schizophrenia at the crossroads: a blueprint for the 80s.

PMID- 3888517
TI  - Fetishism--etiology and treatment: a review from multiple perspectives.

PMID- 3888518
TI  - Medical complications of eating disorders: outpatient evaluation and management.

PMID- 3888519
TI  - The relationship between antisocial behavior and affective illness.

PMID- 3888520
TI  - Changing periodontal concepts. Part I. Etiology and diagnosis.

PMID- 3888521
TI  - Changing periodontal concepts. Part II. Treatment approaches.

PMID- 3888522
TI  - The use of custom cast-metal resin-bonded cingulum rest seats under removable
      partial dentures.

PMID- 3888523
TI  - Current concepts in intracoronal casting preparations: a new look at the gold
      casting preparation.

PMID- 3888524
TI  - Landmarks in laryngology.

PMID- 3888525
TI  - Transport of bilirubin and glucose by the isolated perfused human placenta.

PMID- 3888526
TI  - Membrane carriers and receptors at maternal and fetal sides of the placenta by
      single circulation paired-tracer dilution: evidence for a choline transport
      system.

PMID- 3888527
TI  - Effect of hypoxia on the release of prostaglandin, prostacyclin, and thromboxane
      in perfused human placenta.

PMID- 3888528
TI  - Criteria for evaluating perfusion experiments and presentation of results.

PMID- 3888529
TI  - The effect of dietary sodium loading on the kinetics of sodium excretion and
      blood pressure regulation in essential hypertensive men.
AB  - The kinetics of urinary sodium excretion defined as the rate of urinary sodium
      excretion during five-days oral sodium loading was investigated in 12 male
      patients with essential hypertension. The change in blood pressure under oral 200
      mmol/24 h NaCl intake correlated inversely with the rate of urinary sodium
      excretion (r = -0.60, p less than 0.05), but did not significantly depend on the
      change in the absolute amount of excreted sodium. The rate of sodium excretion
      correlated directly with preload glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (r = 0.63, p
      less than 0.05), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) (r = 0.78, p less than 0.01)
      and inversely with renal vascular resistance (RVR) (r = 0.67, p less than 0.01).
      The fall of renal plasma flow at moderate increment in the filtration fraction
      under sodium loading correlated directly with the rate of urinary sodium
      excretion (r = 0.73, p less than 0.01). The results suggest that: 1) the rate of
      sodium excretion is a more important factor in blood pressure regulation than the
      ability of the kidney to excrete the entire sodium load; 2) renal haemodynamics
      plays an indirect role in blood pressure regulation.

PMID- 3888530
TI  - Cardiorespiratory function before and after chest physiotherapy in mechanically
      ventilated patients with post-traumatic respiratory failure.
AB  - Chest physiotherapy (CPT) is used frequently in the ICU, but there is little
      available information that quantitates its effect on cardiac or respiratory
      function. Nineteen mechanically ventilated patients with post-traumatic
      respiratory failure were studied before, immediately after, and 2 h after CPT was
      used to manage secretion retention. Cardiac index was unchanged, but there was an
      immediate decrease in intrapulmonary shunt, followed 2 h later by an increase in
      lung/thorax compliance. We did not find the reduced cardiac output reported by
      others. The reasons for this may include use of different CPT techniques, a young
      patient population (mean age 32.4 yr), and mechanical ventilation with positive
      end-expiratory pressure. CPT did not produce the deleterious cardiopulmonary
      changes associated with bronchoscopy, and it reduced retained lung secretions
      without producing hypoxemia. Intrapulmonary shunt and lung/thorax compliance were
      significantly improved, but the long-term clinical effect of these changes is
      unknown.

PMID- 3888531
TI  - Prevertebral soft tissue changes in cervical spine injury.
AB  - Primary radiological diagnostics of cervical spine injuries is difficult. It can
      be improved by making observations on the signs which indicate a fracture, such
      as alterations in prevertebral soft tissue structures. Several authors have given
      different suggestions for normal values of prevertebral soft tissue width. It is
      influenced by the level of the measurement, the posture of the spine, and the
      patient's age. The soft tissue changes have been stated to often occur with
      injuries of the anterior parts of the cervical spine, but also with severe
      injuries in the upper and posterior parts. However, different authors have
      reported considerably varying figures of incidence of prevertebral soft tissue
      widening. The article will deal with these matters; it will be based on a
      material of 165 patients with cervical spine injury, a series of 70 noninjury
      patients, and the flexion-extension radiograms of the latter group.

PMID- 3888532
TI  - CT evaluation of the retroperitoneal vasculature.
AB  - A review of the computed angiotomographic appearances of retroperitoneal vessels
      in health and disease is offered. Normal anatomy and congenital anomalies is
      emphasized so that normal variants of arterial and venous anatomy does not lead
      to a mistaken diagnosis of adenopathy and incorrect staging of a particular
      neoplasm. The role of CT in analyzing caval and renal invasion by renal cell
      carcinoma and in providing important information about aortic disease and its
      sequela is discussed.

PMID- 3888533
TI  - Penicillin-sensitive enzymes in peptidoglycan biosynthesis.

PMID- 3888534
TI  - Cryopreservation of skin using an insulated heat sink box stored at -70 degrees
      C.
AB  - The cooling of skin to a temperature of -70 degrees C was carried out by two
      methods: programmed controlled-rate (PCR) cooling at -1 degree C min-1 to -70
      degrees C, and variable-rate cooling to -70 degrees C in an insulated heat sink
      box (IHSB). The IHSB was constructed of polystyrene and contained two aluminum
      heat sinks placed one on each side of flat packets of skin. The IHSB containing
      skin was cooled in a -70 degrees C constant-temperature refrigerator. When using
      the IHSB, the insulation provides a slow cooling rate while the paired heat sinks
      provide even heat flow across the top and bottom surfaces of the flat skin
      packets, minimizing the duration and potential damaging effects of the exothermic
      temperature plateau which occurs at the freezing point. When followed by 24-hr
      storage at -70 degrees C and warming at about 316 degrees C min-1, the IHSB
      cooling method was equivalent to the PCR method in generating a suitably slow
      cooling rate of -1 to -2 degrees C min-1, and maintaining about 80% of normal
      skin cell glucose metabolism. The development of the IHSB cooling system provides
      a method for the simple, cost-efficient cryopreservation of small amounts of
      autograft skin, such as those remaining from surgical procedures, and can also
      provide an allograft skin banking capability to any facility possessing a -70
      degrees C refrigerator.

PMID- 3888535
TI  - Acute and sublethal effects of organotin compounds on aquatic biota: an
      interpretative literature evaluation.
AB  - The objectives of this review were to: (1) collect, synthesize, and interpret
      acute and sublethal organotin toxicity data in both freshwater and estuarine
      marine ecosystems; (2) present environmental water column and sediment
      concentrations of organotin compounds in both freshwater and estuarine-marine
      systems to facilitate interpretation of toxicity data; and (3) identify
      deficiencies in available data to recommend areas of future research for
      assessing ecological effects of organotin compounds in aquatic systems. The
      following recommendations are suggested: (1) evaluation of the bioavailability of
      organotin compounds in aquatic systems; (2) assessment of the relationship
      between physicochemical characteristics of organotin compounds and subsequent
      toxicity effects on aquatic organisms; (3) determination of organotin effects on
      food chains; (4) evaluation of the specific mechanisms and modes of toxicity for
      organotin compounds with aquatic biotia; (5) evaluations of the adaptive
      responses of aquatic biota to organotins; (6) measurement of organotin
      concentrations in testing chambers throughout toxicity tests using peer-reviewed
      analytical techniques (nominal concentrations can provide misleading data); (7)
      assessment of long-term "low level" exposures of organotin compounds on
      histological, histochemical, behavioral, and physiological responses of aquatic
      biota; and (8) toxicity assessment of plasticizer organotin compounds to aquatic
      biota.

PMID- 3888536
TI  - Second cancers following antineoplastic therapy.
AB  - The occurrence of metachronous malignancies has long been a phenomenon of
      interest to physicians. The problem of treatment-related malignancies has added
      to that interest and has contributed to the understanding of carcinogenesis.
      Prolonged survival of patients with previously lethal diseases is now allowing
      the expression of long-term toxicities of the intensive therapies being used in
      many disease settings. Although the oncogenic potential of the various alkylating
      agents may not be equivalent, they have all been implicated as causing cancer in
      man. Procarbazine also appears to be highly carcinogenic in man. The intensity of
      treatment (duration and total dose) is a significant factor in the carcinogenesis
      of these agents. The dose-response relationship between radiation and cancer
      induction is less clear, but most believe that increasing radiation exposure
      increases the risk of cancer in a linear fashion. The combination of intensive
      chemotherapy and intensive radiotherapy yields the greatest risk for treatment
      related hematologic and solid malignancies. To replace effective therapy with
      less carcinogenic therapy of unproved effectiveness would be difficult since
      survival curves have not been significantly affected by the evolution of
      treatment-related cancers. Whether that will hold true for the adjuvant use of
      intensive therapy remains to be seen. Where feasible, the design of such adjuvant
      trials should keep the dose-response relationship in mind. If the virtual absence
      of metachronous leukemia in Hodgkin's disease patients treated with ABVD holds
      true over time, the search for noncarcinogenic combination therapy will be well
      worth the effort. Therapeutic options in cancer treatment currently are few, and
      the benefits of potentially carcinogenic chemotherapy and radiotherapy continue
      to outweigh the risks.

PMID- 3888537
TI  - Continuities and changes in fatness from infancy through adulthood.

PMID- 3888538
TI  - Neonatal transport.

PMID- 3888539
TI  - History of women surgeons.

PMID- 3888540
TI  - Defective-interfering (DI) RNAs of influenza viruses: origin, structure,
      expression, and interference.

PMID- 3888541
TI  - Biochemistry of arenaviruses.

PMID- 3888542
TI  - Bronchiolitis obliterans complicating bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - A 19-year-old woman with extensive, persistent chronic graft versus host disease
      (GVHD), following an HLA-identical bone marrow graft for acute leukemia,
      developed rapidly progressive airflow obstruction 140 days post-transplantation
      (PT) and presented clinically with persistent cough, inspiratory rales,
      bronchospasm and exertional dyspnea. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) showed
      rapidly evolving severe airflow obstruction and hypoxemia without restrictive
      ventilatory defect. Open lung biopsy on the 204th day PT confirmed focal
      bronchiolitis obliterans. On the 381st day PT, she remained clinically stable.
      Chest x-ray film showed mild overinflation, but was otherwise unremarkable. PFT's
      continued to show very severe airflow obstruction without restrictive ventilatory
      defect. The etiology of the obliterative bronchiolitis might be explained on the
      basis of a direct immunologic reaction mediated by GVHD or possibly a joint viral
      GVHD interaction. Awareness and further detailed documentation and analysis of
      this unusual respiratory syndrome associated with marrow transplant recipients
      may help clarify the role of GVHD in the development of lung disease in
      recipients of marrow grafts.

PMID- 3888543
TI  - The activity of ceftazidime compared with those of aztreonam, newer
      cephalosporins and Sch 29482 against nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli.
AB  - The activity of ceftazidime was compared with those of aztreonam, newer
      cephalosporins and Sch 29482 against nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli.
      Ceftazidime was consistently more active (MIC less than or equal to 8 micrograms)
      against the nonfermenters. Only Flavobacterium odoratum, F. spp., Pseudomonas
      alcaligenes, P. maltophilia and P. stutzeri demonstrated substantial resistance
      (MIC90 greater than or equal to 64 micrograms) to ceftazidime. Sch 29482 and
      ceftriaxone also exhibited good activity (MIC90 less than or equal to 8
      micrograms) against many of the nonfermenters. The broad activity of ceftazidime,
      however, makes it a potentially more useful therapeutic agent against these
      microorganisms.

PMID- 3888544
TI  - Inhibitory activity of cefpiramide on beta-lactamase.
AB  - The beta-lactamase stability and inhibitory activity of cefpiramide were
      investigated. Cefpiramide was found to be stable to hydrolysis and inhibited beta
      lactamase produced by Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Morganella
      morganii, and Escherichia coli. Kinetic studies showed that cefpiramide is a
      competitive inhibitor of cephaloridine hydrolysis by E. cloacae beta-lactamase.

PMID- 3888545
TI  - Increased minimum inhibitory concentrations with anaerobiasis for tobramycin,
      gentamicin, and amikacin, compared to latamoxef, piperacillin, chloramphenicol,
      and clindamycin.
AB  - Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined under both routine
      aerobic and anaerobic conditions for a total of 93 organisms representing nine
      genera. MICs for the aminoglycosides amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin were
      significantly increased under anaerobic conditions. Tobramycin was most sensitive
      to the loss of antimicrobial activity with anaerobiasis. MICs for staphylococci
      were increased by a higher factor than were MICs for gram-negative rods, but even
      within the latter group increases in MICs for Proteus species were greater than
      for Salmonella, Klebsiella and Escherichia coli. No change of anaerobic versus
      aerobic activity was seen for latamoxef, piperacillin, chloramphenicol, or
      clindamycin.

PMID- 3888546
TI  - [A great antipyretic of medicine of the past: quinquina].

PMID- 3888547
TI  - [Bile duct cysts].

PMID- 3888548
TI  - [Liver transplantation].

PMID- 3888549
TI  - [Indications and value of mechanical anastomoses of the upper gastrointestinal
      tract].

PMID- 3888550
TI  - [Use of mechanical staplers in thoracic surgery. Indications, technic, results].

PMID- 3888551
TI  - [Abdominal aortic aneurysm. Change in diagnosis and therapy].
AB  - The improved diagnostic approach using computerised tomography and ultrasound
      investigation resulted recently in a remarkable increase of early diagnosed
      abdominal aortic aneurysm. Simultaneously in the last decennium the number of
      elective interventions has been increased 4-6 times. As a result of
      simplification and standardisation of the operative technique (dissection resp.
      inlay-technique) the operative mortality for elective surgery has decreased to 1
      3%. Statistical datas proved a significant increase of life expectancy for
      operated patients. Interventions for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms are
      still loaded with a high risk (mortality rate 40-75%). Both elective and
      emergency vascular repairs should be done by well trained vascular surgeons and
      should not be a challenge for general surgeons to do sporadic vascular surgery.

PMID- 3888552
TI  - [Local recurrence following anterior rectum resection--manual versus stapler
      suture].
AB  - A retrospective study was carried out on 88 hand sewn and 34 stapled anastomoses
      following anterior resection to evaluate the impact of suture technique on local
      recurrence rate. The patient groups were comparable with one exception: there
      were significantly more Dukes C lesions resected and sutured using the stapling
      gun (35% versus 15%, X2 = 6.33, p less than 0.05). Stage-corrected recurrence
      rate was similar in both groups, Dukes A: 8%, Dukes B 21%, Dukes C 52%, all
      recurrences being detected within 24 months following operation. Significantly
      fewer protective colostomies were needed using the staple gun (15% versus 34%, X2
      = 4.50, p less than 0.05). Otherwise, no significant difference or benefit was
      observed comparing the two suture techniques.

PMID- 3888553
TI  - Chronobiology and shift work: current issues and trends.
AB  - This paper reviews the main findings concerning the problems associated with
      shift work. A conceptual model is presented in which these problems are
      classified into 3 main interrelated domains, medical, biological and social. The
      biological problems are evidenced in disturbed rhythms and sleep, the medical
      problems in improved objective and, in particular, subjective health, and the
      social problems in impoverished family and social life. While some of these
      problems are argued to be relatively avoidable, others are considered to be more
      basic and to stem from the disturbances of circadian rhythms and the sleep/wake
      cycle. Three main types of intervention are discussed that might alleviate the
      shift workers' problems. These centre on the type of shift system, the scheduling
      of zeitgebers or synchronizers, and the counselling of individuals.

PMID- 3888554
TI  - [Experimental study on acute lung injury induced by E. coli endotoxin in the
      rat].

PMID- 3888555
TI  - Detection of Escherichia coli in blood using flow cytometry.
AB  - A rapid method for the detection of Escherichia coli in blood has been developed.
      The method employs blood cell lysis, staining of bacteria with ethidium bromide,
      and detection of stained bacteria using flow cytometry. The detection protocol
      requires less than 2 h sample handling time and is not dependent on bacterial
      growth. This method has been applied to human donor blood specimens seeded with
      various E. coli concentrations and to two rabbit model systems. Bacterial
      detection is evident from the in vitro human blood studies at levels of 10 E.
      coli/ml and from in vivo rabbit model studies at less than 100 E. coli/ml.

PMID- 3888556
TI  - A method for simultaneous nuclear immunofluorescence and DNA content quantitation
      using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry.
AB  - A preparative technique for the two-parameter flow cytometric study of nuclear
      antigen expression is reported. This method employs a brief sequential treatment
      of cells at 4 degrees C first with 0.5% paraformaldehyde and second with 0.1%
      Triton X-100 in phosphate-buffered saline followed by cellular staining with
      indirect immunofluorescence and propidium iodide. Using this technique, cellular
      morphology is preserved, cell clumping is minimized, and high-quality indirect
      immunofluorescence and DNA staining are obtained with a minimum of nonspecific
      labeling. Utilizing nuclear antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies in conjunction
      with this technique, the cell-cycle phase-dependent expression of such antigens
      is examined. From these data, the utility of two-parameter flow cytometry in the
      identification and quantification of cell-cycle-dependent modulation of nuclear
      antigens is discussed.

PMID- 3888557
TI  - Preparation of monolayer smears from paraffin-embedded tissue for image
      cytometry.
AB  - A method is described for the preparation of monolayer smears from paraffin
      embedded tissue suitable for automated image analysis and DNA measurements. The
      proposed technique uses enzyme treatment and syringing for cell dispersal. Slide
      preparation is performed by centrifugal cytology. After Feulgen staining the
      quality of the monolayer smears is sufficiently high to enable visual morphologic
      evaluation. Automated DNA measurements using the Leyden television analysis
      system (LEYTAS) show coefficients of variation (CV) of 4.5% for the diploid cell
      population of the suspended tissue. This is approximately the same as the CV in
      fresh material from the same tumor. Formalin fixed trout red blood cells are used
      as reference cells. By applying image cytometry to paraffin-embedded tissue this
      method allows retrospective studies of, for instance, the significance of DNA
      content with regard to the behavior of a tumor.

PMID- 3888558
TI  - Hemorrhoidal banding. A warning.
AB  - Band ligation of symptomatic internal hemorrhoids is a well-established and
      accepted outpatient procedure. The purpose of this paper is to alert the medical
      profession to potential complications and death following this procedure. Each of
      the four patients described in this report experienced pain and inability to
      urinate following banding. This report does not condemn banding but, rather,
      focuses on problems associated with a procedure perceived by many to be risk
      free.

PMID- 3888559
TI  - Colonic malacoplakia and abdominal tuberculosis in a child. Report of a case with
      review of the literature.
AB  - A 4 1/2-year-old girl had colonic malacoplakia of two years' duration, the
      presenting symptom being rectal bleeding. Abdominal tuberculosis and Escherichia
      coli lumbar abscess were diagnosed at the age of 3 1/2 years. Despite
      antituberculous treatment, there was no improvement and she died from protein
      losing enteropathy. The patient is discussed and the literature reviewed, with
      special emphasis on the incidence of malacoplakia in children, the aggressive
      nature of colonic malacoplakia, and the lack of response to treatment. A brief
      review of the pathogenesis of malacoplakia is considered.

PMID- 3888560
TI  - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Roscoe Reid Graham 1890-1948. The
      operative repair of massive rectal prolapse.

PMID- 3888561
TI  - Effects of prenatal glucocorticoids on renal maturation in newborn infants.
AB  - The effect of prenatally administered glucocorticoids on tubular reabsorption of
      beta 2-microglobulin and elimination half-life gentamicin have been investigated
      in newborn infants. beta 2-Microglobulin:creatinine ratio was significantly
      higher in preterm (4.43 +/- 0.88) than in full-term infants (0.89 +/- 0.42), but
      did not differ between infants exposed to betamethasone in utero and those who
      were not. Gentamicin pharmacokinetics did not differ between preterm infants who
      had or had not been exposed to betamethasone. It is therefore concluded that
      whilst prenatally administered glucocorticoids influence both pulmonary and
      hepatic maturation, they do not alter either renal tubular reabsorption of beta 2
      microglobulin or glomerular filtration rate as estimated by gentamicin half-life.

PMID- 3888562
TI  - Incidence of hypoglycemic episodes in diabetic patients under continuous
      subcutaneous insulin infusion and intensified conventional insulin treatment:
      assessment by means of semiambulatory 24-hour continuous blood glucose
      monitoring.
AB  - The incidence and magnitude of hypoglycemia (i.e., blood glucose values less than
      50 mg/dl) were assessed by continuous blood glucose monitoring over 24 h in 10
      insulin-dependent diabetic (IDD) patients treated with continuous subcutaneous
      insulin infusion (CSII) and 9 IDD patients under intensified conventional
      treatment (ICT). A newly developed, battery-powered blood glucose monitor was
      employed. Patients were thus enabled to move freely in the hospital premises.
      Despite similar quality of previous blood glucose control (HbA1: 8.0 +/- 0.05%
      CSII versus 8.0 +/- 0.3% ICT, mean +/- SEM), the obtained profiles showed better
      regulation under CSII treatment (mean blood glucose [MBG], 99.6 +/- 10.0 versus
      133.1 +/- 7.4 mg/dl; M-value, 12.3 +/- 3.5 versus 26.2 +/- 4.1; mean amplitude of
      glycemic excursion [MAGE], 71.9 +/- 8.7 versus 132.9 +/- 14.2 mg/dl; CSII versus
      ICT, mean +/- SEM). The incidence of blood glucose values less than 50 mg/dl was
      9/10 patients (CSII) and 5/9 patients (ICT). In both groups, hypoglycemia was
      most frequent at noon and was related to elevated pre- and postprandial free
      insulin levels. Patients became aware of hypoglycemia only in 6/23 episodes
      (CSII) and 6/8 episodes (ICT). Our data indicate that CSII as well as ICT may
      result in postprandial hyperinsulinemia leading to frequent hypoglycemic episodes
      of variable length, reassessing the traditional experience of close correlation
      between aggressive insulin therapy and enhanced hypoglycemic risk.

PMID- 3888563
TI  - Severe hypoglycemia in diabetic patients: frequency, causes, prevention.
AB  - Over a 12-mo period, the frequency of severe hypoglycemic episodes was measured
      in a population of approximately 400 (50% type I) diabetic patients treated with
      insulin. There were 32 severe insulin reactions in 26 patients, a patient-yr
      incidence of 8%. The major precipitating causes were patients' errors (nine), and
      too much insulin or a wrong combination (six). In seven cases no cause could be
      found. For the group as a whole there was clear evidence of overtreatment as
      measured by insulin doses (0.89 +/- 0.43 U/kg/day versus 0.65 +/- 0.34 U/kg/day
      in a convenience group of 100 patients from the same diabetic population [P less
      than 0.05] ). Furthermore, 6-12 mo after the event the mean insulin dose had
      decreased from 0.82 +/- 0.25 to 0.69 +/- 0.27 U/kg/day in the subgroup of 20
      hypoglycemic patients that could be followed (P less than 0.001). The mean HbAlc
      levels of the hypoglycemic group and the control group differed significantly
      (8.1 +/- 1.3% versus 8.7 +/- 1.7%, P less than 0.05). Six to 12 mo after the
      reaction, the mean HbAlc level in the follow-up subgroup rose from 8.1 +/- 1.3%
      to 9.1 +/- 1.1% (P less than 0.05). Patients' errors as a cause of the insulin
      reaction were not only the result of the patients' deficient knowledge but more
      often of lack of alertness and carelessness. We conclude that it is not possible
      to prevent all the severe hypoglycemic reactions in diabetic patients. However,
      besides avoiding overtreatment by the physician, teaching patients to respond
      more adequately to changing circumstances in daily life or to warning signs could
      also reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia.

PMID- 3888564
TI  - Bullosis diabeticorum: a case with lesions restricted to the hands.
AB  - Bullous lesions on the extremities of people with diabetes are known as bullosis
      diabeticorum. A new case is described with lesions restricted to the hands, and
      the literature is reviewed.

PMID- 3888565
TI  - Group therapy in the treatment of diabetes.
AB  - The psychological burden imposed by diabetes is large but is often ignored by
      health care professionals who concentrate on its technical aspects. In this
      article we review the need for psychosocial support in the treatment of diabetes.
      Group psychotherapy, although most widely used in psychiatry, was in fact started
      by a physician almost 80 yr ago and has been used as an adjunct to the management
      of many medical conditions. Limited experience of group psychotherapy among
      diabetic patients has given encouraging results. Issues remain, however, as to
      which groups of patients might benefit most, who should act as group leader, and
      how one can best assess outcome.

PMID- 3888567
TI  - Insulin wastage.

PMID- 3888566
TI  - A generalized allergic reaction due to zinc in insulin preparation.

PMID- 3888568
TI  - Which patients might benefit from combining a sulfonylurea with insulin?

PMID- 3888569
TI  - The reactive enthesopathies.

PMID- 3888570
TI  - Construction and characterization of a library of metallothionein coding sequence
      mutants.
AB  - New possibilities for experimental investigation of the metallothionein system at
      the DNA, RNA, and protein levels are now available via a library of
      metallothionein coding sequence mutants. Appropriate treatment in vitro with
      sodium bisulfite of the sense or antisense DNA strands in M13 phage vectors and
      propagation in Escherichia coli BD1528 (ung-) produced two unique collections in
      the library containing either C to T or G to A transition mutations in the codons
      at low and high frequencies. The strategy for mutagenesis takes advantage of
      degeneracy in the genetic code so that no cysteine codons are replaced in the CT
      mutants while all are subject to change in the GA collection. Two hundred and
      sixty-four clones from the library have been sequenced and G to A transitions
      affecting each of the 20 cysteine codons in metallothionein have been detected.
      Other mutations in codons for amino acids proposed to be important for
      metallothionein function have also been identified.

PMID- 3888571
TI  - Molecular cloning, sequencing, and expression in Escherichia coli of human
      preprourokinase cDNA.
AB  - A cDNA library derived from human carcinoma cells was used to isolate a clone,
      pULB1000, coding for the preproenzyme form of human urokinase. This clone carries
      the full-length sequence coding for the signal peptide and for the A chain (157
      amino acids) and B chain (253 amino acids) of urokinase in tandem. The sequence
      of the cDNA predicts the presence of a single lysine residue between the last
      amino acid of the mature A polypeptide (Phe-157) and the first amino acid of the
      mature B polypeptide (Ile-1). The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA
      sequence fits the published amino acid sequence data with three exceptions, the
      reported cysteine residue at position 131 in the A chain is a tryptophan, and
      glycine 366 and alanine 410 in the B chain are, respectively, a cysteine and a
      valine in our clone. A large Bgl I fragment (1482 bp), derived from the clone
      pULB1000 coding for most of the signal peptide and for the A and B chains, has
      been subcloned into the expression vector pCQV2. Heat induction of E. coli cells
      carrying the recombinant plasmid leads to the production of urokinase-like
      polypeptides having the expected molecular weights and being specifically
      recognized by antibodies raised against natural human urokinase.

PMID- 3888572
TI  - Nucleic acid sequence database VI: Retroviral oncogenes and cellular proto
      oncogenes.
AB  - The databases of the Protein Identification Resource at the National Biomedical
      Research Foundation (NBRF) contain nucleic acid and protein sequences from 18
      retroviral oncogenes (v-onc) and 8 cellular proto-oncogenes (c-onc). Comparison
      of the sequences between the v-onc and c-onc genes reveals: (i) The c-src, c-abl,
      c-mos, c-fos, c-ras, c-myb, c-myc, and c-sis genes contain coding regions that
      are highly conserved in the respective v-onc genes with a small number of base
      changes. (ii) There are more transitions than transversions. (iii) Some of these
      base changes are silent mutations and others generate amino acid substitutions in
      the viral proteins. The causes of these base changes in the coding sequences and
      the significance to oncogenic transformation of the amino acid substitutions in
      the viral proteins remain to be determined.

PMID- 3888573
TI  - [Formation of highly permeable contacts and morphological changes in an
      epithelial cell culture].

PMID- 3888574
TI  - [Effect of RNAse inhibitors and activators on acetylcholine interaction with the
      cholinoreceptor in a tissue extract].

PMID- 3888575
TI  - Historical introduction and review of chemistry.
AB  - A historical introduction and review of the chemistry of the agonist-antagonist
      analgesics is presented. This development of strong analgesics with a lowered
      abuse potential from nalorphine to the clinically useful agonist-antagonists
      pentazocine, butorphanol, nalbuphine and buprenorphine is discussed in detail.
      The discovery of the pure antagonist naloxone and naltrexone is described. The
      possible use of cyclazocine and later naltrexone in treatment of post-dependent
      narcotic addicts is also described. Finally, structure-activity relationships are
      summarized relating changes in N-alkylation to the production of narcotic
      antagonist activity over all of the structural types of opioids.

PMID- 3888576
TI  - Review of self-administration.
AB  - The reinforcing properties of drugs can be evaluated pre-clinically using self
      administration procedures in laboratory animals. This paper reviews self
      administration studies of the four opioid agonist/antagonist analgesics
      pentazocine, butorphanol, nalbuphine and buprenorphine, and compares these
      results to those from studies of morphine and cyclazocine. All four
      agonist/antagonists possess reinforcing properties under at least some test
      conditions. In this respect they more resemble morphine than cyclazocine. These
      results suggest that they all may have some potential for recreational use. On
      the other hand, some data point to a lower reinforcing efficacy for these
      agonist/antagonists than for the pure agonists such as morphine. Studies
      comparing the reinforcing efficacy among the agonist/antagonists are also
      reviewed, however more data are needed before definitive conclusions can be drawn
      within the class.

PMID- 3888577
TI  - Behavioral pharmacology of buprenorphine.
AB  - Buprenorphine is an opioid mixed agonist-antagonist that has potential usefulness
      as a pharmacotherapy for opiate addiction. Buprenorphine significantly suppressed
      opiate self-administration by heroin addicts. Buprenorphine also suppressed
      opiate self-administration in a primate model. Although buprenorphine is a
      positive reinforcer in rhesus monkey, it is less reinforcing than other opioids
      and some opioid mixed agonist-antagonists as evaluated in progressive ratio and
      drug substitution procedures. These data suggest that the abuse liability of
      buprenorphine should be less than that of other opioid drugs. The safety and
      potential therapeutic benefits of buprenorphine relative to other currently
      available pharmacotherapies probably overweigh the possible risks of abuse.

PMID- 3888579
TI  - Butorphanol.
AB  - Butorphanol (Stadol) is a synthetic agonist-antagonist analgesic from the 14
      hydroxymorphinan series. Animal studies display analgesia, antitussive effects,
      low gastrointestinal activity, limited respiratory depression, some
      cardiovascular and skeletal muscle actions, diuresis, slight miosis and opiate
      antagonism. Butorphanol is metabolized in the liver with renal excretion,
      yielding a half-life of 3-4 h. Pain relief is good to excellent with parenteral
      administration in 90% of patients with moderate to severe pain. Surgical
      anesthetic indications involve preoperative and preinduction supplementation,
      balanced anesthesia and postoperative pain. Side effects are sedation, nausea,
      elevated pulmonary vascular pressures and rarely CNS excitation. Limited
      respiratory depression exists. Butorphanol is a potent analgesic agent with a
      favorable side effect profile.

PMID- 3888578
TI  - Pentazocine.
AB  - Published clinical studies and extensive experience has shown that pentazocine,
      the first of the practical agonist/antagonist analgesics, is a potent analgesic
      with wide application in clinical medicine. It has been shown to have a spectrum
      of pharmacological activity which has qualitative differences from pure opiate
      agonists and these have important implications in clinical medicine. Pentazocine
      can provide analgesia as great as the opiates including morphine and meperidine,
      but does not have the same effect on mood. It is, therefore, less effective than
      the opiates in those situations where an anxiolytic effect is desired.
      Conversely, it produces less CNS depression in particular with regard to
      respiratory depression and nausea and vomiting. It also does not have the same
      potential for producing hypotension. The parenteral administration of pentazocine
      produces rapid strong analgesia which is of less duration than with morphine or
      meperidine. The oral administration of pentazocine is less predictable with
      regard to response but in appropriate patients it is capable of providing a
      similar degree of analgesia to that achieved with parenteral pentazocine. The
      dependence liability of pentazocine is substantially less than that with the
      opiates, and where abuse of parenteral pentazocine alone has taken place, it has
      usually been in medical and paramedical personnel seeking a support for
      inadequate personalities. Though physical and psychic dependence to parenteral
      pentazocine is undoubtedly possible, its incidence is extremely low with regard
      to the extent of the therapeutic use of pentazocine.

PMID- 3888580
TI  - Oral contraception--starting, stopping or changing.

PMID- 3888581
TI  - Magaldrate and almasilate--complex buffering antacids.

PMID- 3888582
TI  - Pirenzepine: a selective anticholinergic for peptic ulcer.

PMID- 3888583
TI  - Sustained-release theophylline preparations.

PMID- 3888585
TI  - [Endoscopic ultrasonic study of the esophagus].
AB  - Endoscopic ultrasonotomography opens a sonographic window to the organs of the
      mediastinum. With this technique all segments of the oesophagus can be
      sonographically investigated. Endosonographic investigations on 11 patients with
      oesophageal tumors and 3 patients with oesophageal varices showed that the
      diagnosis of oesophageal carcinoma and differentiation between malignant tumors
      and benign changes are possible. The spread of the tumor in the horizontal and
      vertical planes can be accurately determined with endoscopic ultrasonography. In
      addition, paraoesophageal lymph node metastases, as well as other lesions in the
      mediastinum, can be diagnosed. Ultrasonography of the oesophagus can be
      simplified by leaving out the optical system.

PMID- 3888584
TI  - [Inhibition of acid secretion in smokers caused by the new imidazole-H2-receptor
      antagonist etintidine].

PMID- 3888586
TI  - [Diagnosis of intra-abdominal abscesses with imaging technics].

PMID- 3888587
TI  - [Does inappropriate ingestion of proteins damage the kidneys?].

PMID- 3888588
TI  - [Diagnosis of necrotizing pancreatitis. Comparison between contrast medium
      computed tomography and ultrasonics in a clinical study].
AB  - Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and (or) sonography was carried out
      preoperatively in 93 patients undergoing operation for the treatment of severe
      acute pancreatitis. 77 patients presented with necrotising pancreatitis and 16
      with interstitial oedematous pancreatitis predominantly due to biliary causes.
      The surgical principle involved necrotomy, continuous post-operative bursal
      lavage or biliary sanitation and (or) pancreas drainage in the case of
      interstitial oedematous pancreatitis. Sensitivity of contrast-enhanced CT in
      necrotising pancreatitis was 85%, in localised necrosis 79%, and in extensive
      necrosis 89.5%. Sonography was negative in 24% of patients and in 37% of those
      with severe necrotising processes due to extensive masking by intestinal gas. If
      successful, its sensitivity was 73% only. Thus, sonography is unsuitable for the
      diagnosis of severe, especially necrotising, pancreatitis; it should be used for
      confirming the diagnosis and for monitoring the course of mild pancreatitis.
      Contrast-enhanced CT is indicated for suspected cases involving the necrotising
      form of the disease, where extensive pancreatic necrosis is registered with high
      reliability. Controls are advisable for cases with localised pancreatitis.

PMID- 3888590
TI  - [Fludrocortisone substitution in adrenal cortex insufficiency].

PMID- 3888589
TI  - [Hypoglycemia with loss of consciousness during insulin therapy as an initial
      symptom of Addison's disease. Report of 2 cases].
AB  - Within a six-month period, two type-I diabetics were admitted because of labile
      metabolic state with recurrent severe hypoglycaemia and unconsciousness. In both
      patients electrolytes were normal on admission. There were at first only few
      pointers to Addison's disease. But in both primary adrenocortical insufficiency
      was demonstrated to be the cause of the symptoms. Serological tests suggested an
      autoimmune genesis. Recurrent severe hypoglycaemia and unconsciousness in insulin
      treated diabetics indicates that adrenocortical insufficiency should be excluded.

PMID- 3888591
TI  - [Sonographic volumetry of the thyroid gland in the control o thyroxin and iodide
      treatment of non-toxic goiter].
AB  - In a prospective study 39 patients with diffuse euthyroid goitre were treated for
      one year with 100 micrograms levothyroxine (n = 19) or 500 micrograms iodide (n =
      20). Efficacy of treatment was assessed by sonographic thyroid volumetry . In
      both forms of treatment maximum volume decrease was already seen within the first
      six months. After treatment for one year the mean decrease of thyroid volumes was
      27.5% in the thyroxine group and 22% in the iodide group. This difference was
      statistically not significant. There was no difference in the extent of goitre
      size reduction within the thyroxine group among patients with complete TSH
      suppression and with still positive TRH test. Significant increases of T4 and of
      fT4 values within the normal range were observed already after one month with
      thyroxine treatment and only after 3 months with iodide treatment. There were no
      changes of the T3 values. In one female patient iodine-induced hyperthyroidism
      occurred. However, there were no further side effects in both treatment groups.
      This randomised study documents for the first time that both 500 micrograms of
      iodide and 100 micrograms of levothyroxine have a comparable efficacy for
      reduction of goitres.

PMID- 3888592
TI  - [Early diagnosis of congenital hip luxation using ultrasonics].

PMID- 3888593
TI  - [Severe hemolysis after ABO-incompatible organ transplantation].

PMID- 3888594
TI  - [Comparison between cimetidine-pirenzepine and antacids for the prevention of
      stress hemorrhage in intensive care patients. A controlled clinical study on 125
      patients].
AB  - In a controlled clinical trial, the efficacy of an intravenous combination of
      cimetidine and pirenzepine (group A: 62 patients) was compared with that of an
      intragastric administration of a magnesium-aluminium-hydroxide concentrate (group
      B: 58 patients) in preventing visible and occult upper gastrointestinal tract
      bleeding in intensive-care patients. It was found that both forms of therapy had
      the same favourable effect on the extent and incidence rate of visible and occult
      gastric bleeding. The antacid was more effective than the cimetidine-pirenzepine
      combination in raising the pH level to 4 or higher (P less than 0.05). Intensive
      care patients should, therefore, be treated with the antacid whenever possible,
      since it is equally effective as the cimetidine-pirenzepine combination in
      preventing bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract, whereas it is superior
      in elevating the gastric pH. Besides, the use of the antacid is also less costly.

PMID- 3888595
TI  - [Intensive insulin therapy with reference to portable insulin infusion devices].

PMID- 3888596
TI  - [Treatment of terminal kidney insufficiency with dialysis or transplantation].

PMID- 3888597
TI  - [The acute bleeding rectal ulcer].
AB  - An acute bleeding rectal ulcer was the solitary condition in four patients. The
      cause of such an ulcer, which always results in heavy arterial bleeding, remains
      unknown. The source of bleeding is demonstrated by rectoscopy which may at times
      be difficult because of the large amount of blood in the rectum and the hidden
      position of the small ulcer. Sclerosing or circumferential suturing of the ulcer
      provides immediate cessation of bleeding and cure.

PMID- 3888598
TI  - [Blood rheology as a risk indicator in cardiovascular diseases?].

PMID- 3888600
TI  - Optimum management of postoperative pain.
AB  - After surgery, patients try to minimise discomfort by various manoeuvres
      including change of posture, immobilisation of injured areas and use of analgesic
      drugs. The characteristic finding with drug use, revealed by permitting patients
      to titrate themselves with analgesic from a machine, is that the interindividual
      dosing rate has a wide range around the mean. Some patients will require almost
      no drug; others will need 2 to 3 times the mean dosing rate. Wide differences are
      also seen in the rate at which the need for drug declines. None of these
      parameters can be predicted with any useful degree of accuracy in the individual
      patient. Regimens which rigidly fix dosage in advance, which limit dosage rate
      through an often ill-founded fear of other pharmacological effects, or which
      cannot guarantee access of the patient to the drug, are unable to cope with such
      variation. Dose adjustment through feedback of effect from the patient is
      essential to combat this uncertainty, and is the prime determinant of optimum
      therapeutic efficacy. Although risk could be increased as well as benefit,
      experience shows that almost all patients may be trusted with control of their
      own pain relief without detrimental sequelae. Many of the newer therapeutic
      regimens represent differing attempts at the trade-off between the
      individualization (and consequent increased complexity) required for optimum
      therapeutic efficacy and the rigidity (and consequent increased simplicity)
      needed for routine implementation. Optimum management results from using a
      regimen which strikes the right balance for the clinical circumstances of the
      patient and prescriber.

PMID- 3888601
TI  - [Ear, nose and throat research in Finland in the light of academic
      dissertations].

PMID- 3888602
TI  - [Bacteremia in adults caused by Streptococcus B].

PMID- 3888599
TI  - Ceftizoxime. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties
      and therapeutic use.
AB  - Ceftizoxime is a 'third generation' cephalosporin administered intravenously or
      intramuscularly. Like other third generation cephalosporins it has a wide
      spectrum of in vitro activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria,
      is particularly active against Enterobacteriaceae (including beta-lactamase
      positive strains), and is resistant to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases. However,
      the third generation cephalosporins are less active than earlier cephalosporins
      against staphylococci and so could not be considered the drugs of choice. Like
      many currently available third generation cephalosporins, ceftizoxime has limited
      activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and thus cannot be recommended as sole
      treatment of known or suspected non-urinary tract pseudomonal infections.
      Similarly, although favourable clinical results have been obtained in patients
      treated with ceftizoxime for infections caused by mixed aerobic/anaerobic
      organisms (such as intra-abdominal, and obstetric and gynaecological infections),
      the relatively low in vitro activity of ceftizoxime (in common with most other
      third generation cephalosporins) against Bacteroides fragilis and enterococci may
      restrict its usage in situations where these organisms are the suspected or
      proven pathogens. Ceftizoxime appears to be similar in efficacy to several other
      cephalosporins in lower respiratory tract infections in elderly and/or
      debilitated patients, and in chronic and/or complicated urinary tract infections,
      2 clinical situations in which third generation cephalosporins may have a major
      role. Ceftizoxime is also effective clinically and bacteriologically in skin,
      soft tissue, bone and joint infections, septicaemia/bacteraemia, meningitis and
      neonatal infections. However, a few large, well designed clinical comparisons of
      efficacy with aminoglycosides are needed before ceftizoxime can be recommended as
      an alternative in patients in whom potential aminoglycoside toxicity is a
      concern. Single intramuscular doses of ceftizoxime appear similar in efficacy to
      aqueous procaine penicillin G in gonorrhoeae due to nonpenicillinase-producing
      Neisseria gonorrhoea, and ceftizoxime is also highly effective against
      penicillinase-producing strains. Although only a few infections have been treated
      to date, ceftizoxime may be useful in the treatment of gonorrhoea in places where
      penicillinase-producing strains are common. Thus, ceftizoxime appears to be an
      effective addition to the growing number of third generation cephalosporins.
      However, further studies are needed to confirm its relative efficacy compared
      with other new cephalosporins, in particular cefotaxime.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3888603
TI  - Chain saw injuries of the head and neck.

PMID- 3888604
TI  - A controlled pharyngostome following salvage laryngectomy after failed
      radiotherapy.

PMID- 3888605
TI  - [Trends and perspectives in health personnel research in the Americas].
AB  - It is paradoxical that the lion's share (60 to 80%) of the health budgets of the
      countries is invested in meeting the personnel costs of the system, and yet few
      studies have been done to assess the production of that personnel. The importance
      of personnel as a basic constituent of the sector and its presence at all levels
      of medical care (from physicians to auxiliaries) makes it vitally important to
      know how it has evolved over time so that trends can be anticipated and policies
      guided accordingly. This work seeks to fill, at least partly, the information gap
      on this subject. The method by which the author has chosen to make this
      evaluation is to examine the published literature on health personnel, inasmuch
      as the situation is reflected in articles and documents on the subject. He
      therefore examined the general trends observed in the following specific areas:
      increase of personnel and medical schools, the upsurge in the international
      migration of physicians, changes in the pace of personnel production, emphasis on
      the integration of services and education, etc. After a detailed analysis of the
      articles in Educacion medica y salud and the Index Medicus Latinoamericano
      classified by subjects, the author concludes that, although much has been written
      on health personnel, little in-depth research has been done in primary data
      sources, and what is done is predominantly surveys. Besides, this research is
      concerned essentially with the curriculum and organization of university
      instruction, and betrays a great concern with coverage extension and primary care
      and with the training and use of auxiliary personnel, planning, and continuing
      education.

PMID- 3888606
TI  - Radiographic examination of the hand and wrist.
AB  - Radiographs have an essential role in the treatment of the injured hand.
      Positioning for routine views must be standardized so that pathology is not
      missed. When physical findings indicate, special views that demonstrate areas not
      seen on routine views should be obtained.

PMID- 3888607
TI  - Fingertip injuries.
AB  - Open fingertip injuries may be treated effectively by primary wound care followed
      by secondary intention wound healing. More sophisticated techniques of wound
      closure have only limited applicability and are associated with a significantly
      increased risk of failure.

PMID- 3888608
TI  - Insulin receptors on cultured hypothalamic cells: functional and structural
      differences from receptors on peripheral target cells.
AB  - We have studied the functional and structural characteristics of insulin
      receptors on cultured rat hypothalamic cells. The receptors on these cells are
      specific for insulin, but have a lower binding affinity than that measured in
      nonneuronal tissues. Neither acute (2-h) nor long term (24-h) exposure of the
      hypothalamic cells to high insulin concentrations resulted in receptor down
      regulation. However, insulin is internalized in these cells and accumulated in
      the presence of the lysomotropic agent chloroquine. Acute exposure to insulin
      does not alter initial rate of 2-deoxyglucose transport in hypothalamic cells,
      but does cause a stimulation of aminoisobutyric acid uptake. Photoaffinity
      labeling of the receptors of the hypothalamic cells with a biologically active
      photosensitive insulin revealed a major specifically labeled band of 115K mol wt
      and a minor band of 40K mol wt under disulfide-reducing conditions compared to
      bands of 125K and 90K mol wt seen after labeling of the insulin receptors of
      adipocytes. The receptor proteins in hypothalamic cells under nonreducing
      conditions (420K, 370K, and 310K mol wt) were also smaller than those in
      adipocytes. Thus, the insulin receptors of cultured hypothalamic cells differ
      from insulin receptors on peripheral target tissues in both functional and
      structural aspects.

PMID- 3888609
TI  - Increased gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse frequency associated with estrogen
      induced luteinizing hormone surges in ovariectomized ewes.
AB  - Hypophyseal portal blood samples were taken from ovariectomized (OVX) ewes given
      50 micrograms estradiol benzoate. This estrogen treatment elicited a biphasic
      alteration (decrease then increase) in LH secretion. During the negative feedback
      phase, pulsatile GnRH secretion continued; at this time the interpulse interval
      for the GnRH pulses (49.5 +/- 5.7 min, mean +/- SE, n = 6) was similar to that in
      7 control OVX ewes (53.4 +/- 8.7 min). During the positive feedback phase the
      GnRH interpulse interval (26.8 +/- 9.8 min; n = 6) was significantly (P less than
      0.05) less than in the controls. In 3/7 cases the GnRH pulse frequency in OVX
      controls was within the range observed for estrogen-treated sheep during the
      positive feedback phase. These data suggest that, in most cases, the LH surge
      that can be induced by estrogen in OVX ewes, is associated with an increased GnRH
      pulse frequency. In some animals the inherent GnRH pulse frequency may already be
      at a rate that is high enough to permit an LH surge by action of estrogen on the
      pituitary. In general, the mean concentrations of GnRH in portal blood during the
      LH surge were higher than those in untreated animals, suggesting an overall
      increase in GnRH output during the LH surge. Pulsatile GnRH secretion continues
      throughout the early negative feedback phase, suggesting that the predominant
      effect of estrogen at this time is at the pituitary level.

PMID- 3888610
TI  - Distribution of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) content and total
      LHRH-degrading activity (LHRH-DA) in the hypothalamus of the ewe.
AB  - Hypothalamic enzymatic activities capable of degrading LHRH may play a
      physiological role in the neuroendocrine control of LHRH. There is increasing
      evidence, however, that these enzymes are not peptide specific. The present study
      in the ewe analyzed the possibility that the specificity of LHRH-degrading
      activity (LHRH-DA) could be conferred by the relative location of LHRH-DA with
      respect to that of the LHRH peptide itself. LHRH content was correlated with LHRH
      DA in discrete hypothalamic samples containing LHRH-positive cell bodies and
      axons and in immediately adjacent areas apparently devoid of LHRH
      immunoreactivity. LHRH content was assessed by RIA, and LHRH-DA was determined by
      HPLC of the LHRH decapeptide and its degradation fragments. The sampling of
      discrete hypothalamic areas was designed after immunocytochemical localization of
      LHRH. LHRH-containing cell bodies were observed in the medial preoptic area,
      projecting LHRH-positive fibers to the infundibular region. At all hypothalamic
      levels, there was a tight correlation (r greater than 0.95; P less than 0.01)
      among the regional distribution of LHRH-DA, LHRH content, and the presence of
      LHRH-like immunoreactivity. LHRH-DA, in addition, was present in areas of low
      (e.g. lateral hypothalamus) or undetectable (e.g. cerebral cortex) LHRH content
      that were devoid of LHRH-like immunoreactivity. The appearance of LHRH
      degradation fragments suggests that the initial cleavage of LHRH by LHRH-DA
      occurs at the Tyr5-Gly6 bond at all hypothalamic levels studied. These findings
      indicate that part of the total hypothalamic LHRH-DA may be located within the
      LHRH hypophysiotropic pathway. This suggests an anatomical locus for a possible
      physiological interaction between LHRH and LHRH-DA.

PMID- 3888611
TI  - Genetic control of susceptibility to streptozotocin diabetes in inbred mice:
      effect of testosterone and H-2 haplotype.
AB  - Males of certain mouse strains are more susceptible than females to the
      diabetogenic effect of multiple low doses of streptozotocin (MSZ, 40 mg/kg BW.day
      X 5). Several investigators linked sensitivity to the potentiating action of
      androgens and genes of the major histocompatibility (H-2) complex. Our studies
      were designed to investigate the role of testosterone in MSZ-diabetes induction
      in males of three C3H stocks: C3H X SW/SnJ (H-2b), C3HeB/FeJ (H-2k), and C3H/OuJ
      (H-2k). Serum testosterone levels in gonad-intact animals correlated inversely
      with SZ sensitivity, the more resistant C3HeB/FeJ males having a higher mean
      level than the other two stocks. Males from each group were castrated at 4 weeks
      of age and implanted with either testosterone or cholesterol; 4 weeks later they
      were given MSZ. C3H.SW/SnJ and C3H/OuJ castrates implanted with either
      testosterone or cholesterol were as sensitive to the hyperglycemic effect of MSZ
      as the intact controls, whereas C3HeB/FeJ castrates implanted with cholesterol
      lost sensitivity; this sensitivity could be fully restored by testosterone
      implants. Surprisingly, there was no difference in the residual pancreatic
      insulin content (90% reduced) between the SZ-resistant cholesterol-implanted vs.
      the SZ-sensitive testosterone-implanted C3HeB/FeJ castrates. This demonstrated
      that the androgen was not potentiating SZ destruction of the beta-cells, but
      rather was antagonizing the ability of the residual insulin to maintain glycemic
      control. The present study also indicated that the H-2 complex was not a
      significant factor predisposing to SZ sensitivity as reflected by marked
      sensitivity of the C3H/OuJ and C3H.SW/SnJ males vs. the relative resistance of
      C3HeB/FeJ males sharing the same H-2 haplotype as C3H/OuJ.

PMID- 3888612
TI  - Hormonal regulation of androgen biosynthesis by primary cultures of testis cells
      from neonatal rats.
AB  - Enzymatically dispersed testis cells derived from 7-day-old male rats maintained
      their gonadotropin-stimulated testosterone production for 18 days in culture.
      Treatment with hCG or LH stimulated androgen production in a dose-dependent
      manner, with ED50 values of 0.030 +/- 0.007 and 1.0 +/- 0.4 ng/ml for hCG and LH,
      respectively. Concomitant treatment with a phosphodiesterase inhibitor further
      enhanced LH action. In contrast, treatment with FSH, GH, or PRL was without
      effect. Treatment with forskolin, cholera toxin, or 8-bromo-cAMP induced dose
      dependent increases in testosterone biosynthesis; this was accompanied by
      stimulation of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity after treatment with
      hCG, forskolin, or 8-bromo-cAMP. RIA measurement of different androgens in HPLC
      fractionated medium revealed that the main androgen secreted by the neonatal
      testis cells was testosterone, with lower production of 5 alpha-androstane-3
      alpha,17 beta-diol and negligible 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione,
      and androsterone. Treatment with epidermal growth factor, GnRH, and arginine
      vasopressin (AVP) decreased hCG-induced testosterone biosynthesis. Since the
      inhibitory actions of GnRH and AVP were blocked by concomitant addition of
      specific hormone antagonists, their inhibitory actions were probably mediated by
      specific testis receptors. In contrast, treatment with several potent synthetic
      steroid hormone analogs [diethylstilbestrol (an estrogen), dexamethasone (a
      glucocorticoid), R5020 (a progestin; 17,21-dimethyl-19-nor-4,9-pregnadiene-3,20
      dione), R1881 (an androgen; 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-4,9,11-estratrien-3
      one), or cyproterone acetate (an antiandrogen; 17 alpha-acetyloxy-6-chloro-1,2
      dihydro-(1 beta,2 beta)3'-H-cyclopropa-(1,2) pregna-1,4,6-trien-3,20-dione)] did
      not affect testosterone biosynthesis in hCG-treated cells. These results
      demonstrate that testosterone production by neonatal testis cells is maintained
      by gonadotropins during prolonged culture; the ability of cAMP-generating drugs
      and a cAMP analog to mimic gonadotropin actions on testosterone biosynthesis and
      3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity suggests a mediatory role of cAMP in
      gonadotropin action; and AVP, epidermal growth factor, and GnRH, through their
      putative testis receptors, directly inhibit gonadotropin-stimulated testosterone
      synthesis, while various steroids (androgens, estrogens, progestins, and
      glucocorticoids) do not affect Leydig cell function in the neonatal testis. The
      present culture system offers a unique model for elucidating the hormonal control
      of Leydig cell androgen biosynthesis during neonatal development.

PMID- 3888613
TI  - Stimulation of prostacyclin production in isolated rat adipocytes by angiotensin
      II, vasopressin, and bradykinin: evidence for two separate mechanisms of
      prostaglandin synthesis.
AB  - We compared the effects of three vasoactive peptides (angiotensin II,
      vasopressin, and bradykinin) and norepinephrine on the production of
      prostaglandin I2 [prostacyclin (PGI2)] and PGE2 by isolated rat adipocytes.
      Angiotensin II, vasopressin, and bradykinin stimulated PGI2 production but had
      minimal or no effect on PGE2 production or triglyceride lipolysis in isolated rat
      adipocytes, while norepinephrine stimulated PGI2 production, PGE2 production, and
      triglyceride lipolysis. The arachidonic acid that serves as substrate for PGI2
      production in adipocytes in response to the vasoactive peptides appears to be
      derived from the cellular phospholipids rather than the triglycerides in these
      triglyceride-laden cells. The adipocyte contains two separate mechanisms for PG
      production: 1) a catecholamine-stimulated mechanism for the production of PGI2
      and PGE2 that is activated concomitantly with triglyceride lipolysis, and 2) a
      mechanism activated by vasoactive peptides for the stimulation of PGI2 production
      independent of triglyceride lipolysis and PGE2 production. These mechanisms may
      have distinct functions.

PMID- 3888614
TI  - The interaction of androgen and thyroid hormones in the submandibular gland of
      the genetically hypothyroid (hyt/hyt) mouse.
AB  - The development and maintenance of granular convoluted tubule cells in the mouse
      submandibular gland (SMG) and the production of renin-1, renin-2, and epidermal
      growth factor (EGF) by these cells are under complex hormonal control.
      Hypophysectomy causes profound involution and loss of renin activity in this
      gland. We have shown previously that T4 acts synergistically with 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to restore SMG morphology and renin-2 activity in
      hypophysectomized female mice. Investigating the mechanism of T4 and DHT
      interaction in the hypophysectomized mouse proved impractical, and in the present
      study we have used genetically hypothyroid (hyt/hyt) mice that carry the
      structural gene for renin-1 but not for renin-2. Levels of SMG renin-1 and EGF in
      hyt/hyt mice were less than 4% of those in euthyroid (hyt/+) littermates.
      Administration of a pharmacological dose of T4 (2.5 micrograms/g BW X day, ip) to
      male hyt/hyt mice for 18 days restored SMG renin-1 and EGF to near-normal levels.
      The weights of SMG, seminal vesicle, and epididymis were also lower in
      hypothyroid mice and increased in response to T4. The effect on SMG renin-1 and
      EGF of either DHT (150 micrograms/g BW every other day, sc) or T4 (0.025-2.5
      micrograms/g BW.day, ip) was blunted in female hyt/hyt mice. A combination of DHT
      and T4 (0.1 microgram/g BW.day) that restored total circulating T4 and T3 to
      physiological levels acted synergistically to increase SMG renin-1 and EGF. The
      administration of 2.5 micrograms T4/g BW.day plus DHT for 7 days increased the
      specific activity of SMG renin-1 and EGF to levels approaching those in euthyroid
      littermates given the same treatment. T4 (0.1 microgram/g BW.day) did not alter
      the quantity or sedimentation characteristics of high affinity androgen-binding
      protein in SMG from female hyt/hyt mice and induced SMG renin-1 in Tfm/Y mice.
      Thus, T4 does not appear to exert its effect via the androgen receptor. The
      administration of DHT and T4 to female hyt/hyt mice produced lower circulating
      levels of both T3 and T4 than the same dose of T4 given alone, suggesting that
      DHT does not act by enhancing the conversion of T4 to T3. This study demonstrates
      that the interaction of T4 and DHT is not a pharmacological phenomenon, but
      occurs at doses of T4 that restore serum T3 and T4 in female hyt/hyt mice to
      normal or near-normal levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3888616
TI  - Autonomic nervous system and epilepsy.
AB  - Seizures frequently manifest autonomic dysfunction clinically, and seizure
      discharges commonly spread into and involve autonomic pathways. These
      associations are direct and simple in some instances, and the result of multiple
      indirect and complex relationships in others. Effects of epileptic discharge on
      the autonomic nervous system are mediated through the cortical, limbic, and
      hypothalamic systems. Some significant consequences of altered autonomic function
      include convulsive apnea, abnormal sexual function, and potentially fatal effects
      on the cardiovascular system.

PMID- 3888615
TI  - Stimulation of DNA synthesis in cultured rat alveolar type II cells.
AB  - Restoration of the alveolar epithelium after injury is thought to be dependent on
      the proliferation of alveolar type II cells. To understand the factors that may
      be involved in promoting type II cell proliferation in vivo, we determined the
      effect of potential mitogens and culture substrata on DNA synthesis in rat
      alveolar type II cells in primary culture. Type II cells cultured in basal medium
      containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) exhibited essentially no DNA synthesis.
      Factors that stimulated 3H-thymidine incorporation included cholera toxin,
      epidermal growth factor, and rat serum. The greatest degree of stimulation was
      achieved by plating type II cells on an extracellular matrix prepared from bovine
      corneal endothelial cells and then by culturing the pneumocytes in medium
      containing rat serum, cholera toxin, insulin, and epidermal growth factor. Under
      conditions of stimulation of 3H-thymidine incorporation there was an increased
      DNA content per culture dish but no increase in cell number. The ability of
      various culture conditions to promote DNA synthesis in type II cells was verified
      by autoradiography. Type II cells were identified by the presence of cytoplasmic
      inclusions, which were visualized by tannic acid staining before autoradiography.
      These results demonstrate the importance of soluble factors and culture
      substratum in stimulating DNA synthesis in rat alveolar type II cells in primary
      culture.

PMID- 3888617
TI  - A review of comparative responses of men and women to heat stress.
AB  - Most of our present knowledge regarding human responses to thermal stress is
      primarily a result of research conducted on male subjects. Recently, as women
      have moved into the industrial workplace and forefront of athletic activity,
      attention has turned to comparative responses of men and women. Very limited
      research on preadolescent children suggests no physiological thermoregulatory sex
      differences except for a slightly higher sweat rate in lean boys as compared to
      lean girls of a similar age. Boys also tended to be more tolerant of higher
      temperatures. Current beliefs regarding men and women are: Women, as a
      population, are less tolerant to a given imposed heat stress; however, if
      cardiovascular fitness level, body size, and acclimation state are standardized,
      the differences tend to disappear; women have a lower sweat rate than men of
      equal fitness, size, and acclimation which is disadvantageous in hot-dry
      environments, but advantageous in hot-wet environments; and menstrual cycle
      effects are minimal. It is concluded that aerobic capacity, surface area-to-mass
      ratio, and state of acclimation are more important than sex in determining
      physiological responses to heat stress.

PMID- 3888618
TI  - Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis. Studies with specifically labeled (2H)NAD(P)H
      and 2H2O and of the enzymes involved.
AB  - The biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin from either dihydroneopterin
      triphosphate, sepiapterin, dihydrosepiapterin or dihydrobiopterin was
      investigated using extracts from human liver, dihydrofolate reductase and
      purified sepiapterin reductase from human liver and rat erythrocytes. The
      incorporation of hydrogen in tetrahydrobiopterin was studied in either 2H2O or in
      H2O using unlabeled NAD(P)H or (R)-(4-2H)NAD(P)H or (S)-(4-2H)NAD(P)H.
      Dihydrofolate reductase catalyzed the transfer of the pro-R hydrogen of NAD(P)H
      during the reduction of 7,8-dihydrobiopterin to tetrahydrobiopterin. Sepiapterin
      reductase catalyzed the transfer of the pro-S hydrogen of NADPH during the
      reduction of sepiapterin to 7,8-dihydrobiopterin. In the presence of partially
      purified human liver extracts one hydrogen from the solvent is introduced at
      position C(6) and the 4-pro-S hydrogen from NADPH is incorporated at each of the
      C(1') and C(2') position of BH4. Label from the solvent is also introduced into
      position C(3'). These results suggest that dihydrofolate reductase is not
      involved in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin from dihydroneopterin
      triphosphate. They are consistent with the assumption of the occurrence of a 6
      pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin intermediate, which is proposed to be formed upon
      triphosphate elimination from dihyroneopterin triphosphate, and via an
      intramolecular redox reaction. Our results suggest that the reduction of 6
      pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin might be catalyzed by sepiapterin reductase.

PMID- 3888619
TI  - Comparison of two hydrolytic murein transglycosylases of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Escherichia coli has two murein transglycosylases, which are found in the soluble
      and the particulate fraction, respectively. The enzymes have been purified and
      have been shown to differ in some of their molecular properties [Mett, H., Keck,
      W., Funk, A. & Schwarz, U. (1980) J. Bacteriol. 144, 45-52]. We improved and
      simplified the purification procedure for the membrane-derived transglycosylase
      and characterized the two enzymes in more detail by peptide mapping and by
      immunological procedures. The peptide pattern obtained after tryptic digestion of
      the purified enzymes differed for the two enzymes. Antisera to the
      transglycosylases reacted only with their own antigen as shown by specific
      inhibition of the enzymatic activity, double immunodiffusion and by
      immunochemical staining of protein blots on nitrocellulose filters. Thus we
      conclude that the transglycosylases are two distinct proteins and that the one is
      not a precursor of the other.

PMID- 3888620
TI  - Cloning of the gene encoding the hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris
      (Hildenborough) and determination of the NH2-terminal sequence.
AB  - The gene encoding the hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough) has
      been cloned in Escherichia coli. D. vulgaris DNA was digested with the
      restriction endonucleases EcoRI and SalI and ligated into the vector pUC9
      [Vieira, J. & Messing, J. (1982) Gene 19, 259-268], which had been cut with these
      same enzymes. Approximately 9000 recombinant clones were obtained by
      transformation of E. coli JM 101 followed by growth on rich plates with
      ampicillin for selection and isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside and 5-bromo-4
      chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside present for detection of recombinants.
      The recombinant clones were then screened for production of immunoreactive
      proteins with rabbit antisera against purified hydrogenase and 125I-labelled
      protein A. 28 positive clones were found in this initial screening. These were
      further tested in an immunocompetition experiment, which showed that the protein
      product from one clone behaved identically to purified hydrogenase. The plasmid
      pHV15 isolated from this clone has a 4.7 X 10(3)-base-pair SalI/EcoRI insert.
      Cells of E. coli JM 101 transformed with pHV 15 produce a hydrogenase polypeptide
      of molecular mass 46 kDa as detected by Western blotting. The mass, as well as
      the Cleveland mapping pattern of the polypeptide produced by E. coli, are
      identical with those of the hydrogenase isolated from D. vulgaris
      (Hildenborough). Southern blotting of restriction-enzyme-digested D. vulgaris
      DNA, using the nick-translated 4.7 X 10(3)-base-pair SalI/EcoRI fragment as a
      probe, indicates the presence of a single gene with an internal PstI site. The
      NH2-terminal sequence of the hydrogenase was determined to be: (sequence in
      text). This information should allow an unambiguous identification of the
      hydrogenase gene.

PMID- 3888621
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio
      vulgaris (Hildenborough).
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the 4.7-kb SalI/EcoRI insert of plasmid pHV 15
      containing the hydrogenase gene from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough) has
      been determined with the dideoxy chain-termination method. The structural gene
      for hydrogenase encodes a protein product of molecular mass 45820 Da. The NH2
      terminal sequence of the enzyme deduced from the nucleic acid sequence
      corresponds exactly to the amino acid sequence determined by Edman degradation.
      The nucleic acid sequence indicates that a N-formylmethionine residue precedes
      the NH2-terminal amino acid Ser-1. There is no evidence for a leader sequence.
      The NH2-terminal part of the hydrogenase shows homology to the bacterial [8Fe-8S]
      ferredoxins. The sequence Cys-Ile-Xaa-Cys-Xaa-Xaa-Cys-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Cys-Pro-Xaa-Xaa
      Ala-(Ile) occurs twice both in the hydrogenase and in [8Fe-8S] ferredoxins, where
      the Cys residues have been shown to coordinate two [4Fe-4S] clusters [Adman, E.
      T., Sieker, L. C. and Jensen, L. H. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 3987-3996]. These
      results, therefore, suggest that two electron-transferring ferredoxin-like [4Fe
      4S] clusters are located in the NH2-terminal segment of the hydrogenase molecule.
      There are ten more Cys residues but it is not clear which four of these could
      participate in the formation of the third cluster, which is thought to be the
      hydrogen binding centre. Another gene, encoding a protein of molecular mass 13493
      Da, was found immediately downstream from the gene for the 46-kDa hydrogenase.
      The nucleic acid sequence suggests that the hydrogenase and the 13.5-kDa protein
      belong to a single operon and are coordinately expressed. Since dodecylsulfate
      gel electrophoresis of purified hydrogenase indicates the presence of a 13.5-kDa
      polypeptide in addition to the 46-kDa component, it is proposed that the
      hydrogenase from D. vulgaris (Hildenborough) is a two-subunit enzyme.

PMID- 3888622
TI  - Phosphorylation of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose and catabolite repression in yeast.
AB  - The glucose analog, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, inhibited growth of yeast on non
      fermentable carbon sources. The sugar was phosphorylated by the yeast and also in
      vitro by a commercial preparation of yeast hexokinase. The chromatographic
      behaviour of the phosphorylated product was identical in both cases. This
      suggests that 3-O-methyl-D-glucose is phosphorylated to form 3-O-methyl-D-glucose
      6-phosphate. The inhibition of the growth appears to be due to interference with
      the derepression of several enzymes necessary to grow on non-fermentable carbon
      sources. Spontaneous mutants whose growth was unaffected by 3-O-methyl-D-glucose
      were isolated. In these mutants there was no significant accumulation of the
      phosphorylated ester and the derepression of the enzymes tested was not affected
      by the glucose analog.

PMID- 3888623
TI  - Functional role of cysteinyl residues in tryptophanase.
AB  - Holotryptophanase inactivated by oxidation of cysteinyl residues showed a
      different absorption spectrum from the native enzyme. At pH 8.0, the native
      enzyme preferentially existed as a 337-nm species (active form), whereas in the
      inactive enzyme a 420-nm species (inactive form) was dominant. During the
      reactivation of the enzyme by reduction with dithiothreitol, an increase at 337
      nm and a decrease at 420 nm were observed with concomitant increase in enzymatic
      activity, which was accompanied by the appearance of two cysteinyl residues per
      monomer. Specific S-cyanylation of cysteinyl residues by nitrothiocyanobenzoic
      acid-inactivated apotryptophanase with the modification of one cysteinyl residue
      per monomer, whereas holotryptophanase was highly resistant to inactivation with
      nitrothiocyanobenzoic acid. The essential role of the active-site-bound pyridoxal
      5'-phosphate in protection against inactivation was confirmed by the agreement of
      the K1/2 (protection) of 5.0 microM for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with Km of 2.0
      microM in enzyme catalysis. The inactivation by nitrothiocyanobenzoic acid caused
      a similar shift in the equilibrium between the 337-nm species and 420-nm species,
      i.e. decrease of the 337-nm species and increase of the 420-nm species. From the
      pH dependence of the equilibrium between these two species, pKa of 7.9 and 7.4
      was obtained for the inactive and the dithiothreitol-activated enzyme,
      respectively, indicating that cysteinyl residue(s) participated in lowering the
      pKa of the interconversion between the 337-nm species (active form) and 420-nm
      species (inactive form). The possible role of cysteinyl residues in the function
      of tryptophanase is discussed.

PMID- 3888624
TI  - Yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Evidence that subunit
      cooperativity in catalysis can be controlled by the formation of a complex with
      phosphoglycerate kinase.
AB  - Sepharose-bound tetrameric, dimeric and monomeric forms of yeast glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase were prepared, as well as immobilized hybrid species
      containing (by selective oxidation of an active center cysteine residue with
      H2O2) one inactivated subunit per tetramer or dimer. The catalytic properties of
      these enzyme forms were compared in the forward reaction (glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate oxidation) and reverse reaction (1,3-bisphosphoglycerate reductive
      dephosphorylation) under steady-state conditions. In the reaction of
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate oxidation, immobilized monomeric and tetrameric forms
      exhibited similar specific activities. The hybrid-modified dimer contributed on
      half of the total activity of a native dimer. The tetramer containing one
      modified subunit possessed 75% of the activity of an unmodified tetramer. In the
      reaction of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate reductive dephosphorylation, the specific
      activity of the monomeric enzyme species was nearly twice as high as that of the
      tetramer, suggesting that only one-half of the active centers of the oligomer
      were acting simultaneously. Subunit cooperativity in catalysis persisted in an
      isolated dimeric species. The specific activity of a monomer associated with a
      peroxide-inactivated monomer in a dimer was equal to that of an isolated
      monomeric species and twice as high as that of a native immobilized dimer. The
      specific activity of subunits associated with a peroxide-inactivated subunit in a
      tetramer did not differ from that of a native immobilized tetramer; this
      indicates that interdimeric interactions are involved in catalytic subunit
      cooperativity. A complex was formed between the immobilized glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase and soluble phosphoglycerate kinase. Three monomers of
      phosphoglycerate kinase were bound per tetramer of the dehydrogenase and one per
      dimer. Evidence is presented that if the reductive dephosphorylation of 1,3
      bisphosphoglycerate proceeds in the phosphoglycerate kinase - glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase complex, all active sites of the latter enzyme act
      independently, i.e. subunit cooperativity is abolished.

PMID- 3888625
TI  - Primer-independent abortive initiation by wheat-germ RNA polymerase B (II).
AB  - Highly purified RNA polymerase B (II) from wheat germ catalyses the formation of
      dinucleoside tetraphosphates from ribonucleoside triphosphates in the absence of
      an oligonucleotide primer or additional protein factors. The reaction requires
      bivalent cations such as Mn2+ or Mg2+ and proceeds linearly for several hours. It
      is strongly inhibited by 1 microgram/ml alpha-amanitin or 2 micrograms/ml
      heparin. The reaction strictly depends on the addition of a specific linear or
      circular DNA template, such as the plasmid pSmaF or a DNA fragment containing the
      gene for nopaline dehydrogenase. Bacteriophage T7 D111 DNA has almost no template
      activity. The start sites for dinucleotide synthesis on the template are limited.
      With the DNA fragment containing the gene for nopaline dehydrogenase only pppApA
      and pppApU are synthesised substantially whereas pppUpU is formed only in trace
      amounts. No significant dinucleotide synthesis is observed with other
      ribonucleoside triphosphates either singly or in a combination of two. The
      various regions of the DNA fragment differ distinctly in template activity.

PMID- 3888626
TI  - Do yeast aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases exist as soluble enzymes within the
      cytoplasm?
AB  - The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases from a crude extract of yeast were shown to bind
      to heparin-Ultrogel through ionic interactions, in conditions where the
      corresponding enzymes from Escherichia coli did not. The behaviour of purified
      lysyl-tRNA synthetases from yeast and E. coli was examined in detail. The native
      dimeric enzyme from yeast (Mr 2 X 73000) strongly interacted with immobilized
      heparin or tRNA, as well as with negatively charged liposomes, in conditions
      where the corresponding native enzyme from E. coli (Mr 2 X 65000) displayed no
      affinity for these supports. Moreover, the aptitude of the native enzyme from
      yeast to interact with polyanionic carriers was lost on proteolytic conversion to
      a fully active modified dimer of Mr 2 X 65500. A structural model is proposed,
      according to which each subunit of yeast lysyl-tRNA synthetase is composed of a
      functional domain similar in size to that of the prokaryotic enzyme, contiguous
      to a 'binding' domain responsible for association to negatively charged carriers.
      The evolutionary acquisition of this property by lower eukaryotic aminoacyl-tRNA
      synthetases suggests that it fulfils an important function in vivo, unrelated to
      catalysis. We propose that it promotes the compartmentalization of these enzymes
      within the cytoplasm, through associations with as yet unidentified, negatively
      charged components, by electrostatic interactions too fragile to withstand the
      usual extraction conditions.

PMID- 3888627
TI  - Mutations affecting the enzymes involved in the utilization of 4-aminobutyric
      acid as nitrogen source by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - We present genetic evidence for the enzymes 4-aminobutyrate: 2-oxoglutarate
      aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.19) and succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
      (EC 1.2.1.16) constituting the functional pathway for the utilization of 4
      aminobutyric acid as a nitrogen source by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show that
      the pathway is induced by 4-aminobutyric acid and that the presence of the
      pathway enzymes probably requires the integrity of a positive control element.

PMID- 3888629
TI  - Indications for intravenous and intraarterial digital subtraction angiography
      (DSA) in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular insufficiency. A new diagnostic concept
      including ultrasound.
AB  - For screening of arteriosclerotic lesions of the carotid bifurcation duplex
      scanning (B-mode imaging plus doppler flow analysis) is the method of first
      choice, because it is really noninvasive and offers the same results as
      intravenous DSA (IV DSA). IV DSA should not be performed as a screening procedure
      unless ultrasound examinations are not available or are inadequate. Except for
      patients with isolated unilateral stenosis of the internal carotid artery near
      the bifurcation confirmed with both duplex scanning and IV DSA, arteriography is
      required for therapy planning. Aortic arch angiogram, selective extra- and
      intracranial carotid arteriography and--if necessary--vertebral and subclavian
      arteriography can be performed with intraarterial DSA (IA DSA). The application
      of DSA to catheter arteriography will help to reduce further the potential risk
      of adverse reactions related to high intravasal contrast doses specially in the
      cerebral circulation, but will not turn arteriography into a risk-free procedure.
      Postoperative examinations of the carotid bifurcation can be performed with
      ultrasound as well as with IV DSA. Extracranial bypasses are best demonstrated
      with IV DSA. Extraintracranial bypasses can be demonstrated only with IA DSA.

PMID- 3888628
TI  - Venous digital subtraction angiography in the evaluation of renovascular
      hypertension.
AB  - The study of renovascular hypertension (R.V.H.) presently requires multiple non
      invasive examinations in order to select between patients with R.V.H. or other
      kind of hypertension, before resorting to angiography. The use of venous digital
      subtraction angiography (V.D.S.A.) may change this diagnostic flow-chart. For
      this purpose, 100 patients with clinical and laboratory data suspect of R.V.H.
      underwent V.D.S.A. Compared to angiography, V.D.S.A. showed a 100% sensitivity
      and 93% specificity. Since the sensitivity and specificity of the non invasive
      techniques vs. V.D.S.A. in the same series was always lower, V.D.S.A. may be
      proposed as the first examination in the study of R.V.H. The arterial route for
      D.S.A. is generally not required for diagnostic purposes.

PMID- 3888630
TI  - Shadowing and reverberation artifacts in abdominal ultrasonography.
AB  - The different features of 821 acoustic shadows recorded during abdominal US
      examinations were analysed to find out whether any of the features may be used in
      routine work to help to identify the often invisible structure casting the
      shadow. A constant shadow with closely spaced high level reverberation echoes is
      strongly suggestive of a metallic foreign body. Sharply defined shadowing without
      reverberation is mostly caused by stones, calcifications or scars. In a majority
      of cases, unsharply defined shadowing with numerous low level and sparsely spaced
      high level reverberation echoes is cast by gas collections. The morphology of an
      acoustic shadow in visceral sonography cannot alone be used as a basis for a
      definitive diagnosis.

PMID- 3888631
TI  - Value and limits of the computed tomography of the heart.
AB  - In cardiac diagnosis we can observe an increasing replacement of the conventional
      invasive examination methods by less invasive or non invasive procedures. Non
      invasive examination methods are sufficient in the diagnostic work-up of
      ventricular function in coronary heart disease and cardiomyopathie, cardiac
      tumours and thrombi, calcifications, assessment of the bypass perfusion,
      pericardial disease, positional anomalies of the heart and the morphological
      changes caused by congenital cardiovascular defects. Invasive angiocardiography
      remains essential in the diagnosis of coronary artery stenoses, abnormal bypass
      perfusion, septal defects and in congenital cardiovascular defects in combination
      with intracardiac measurements of pressure and oxygenation.

PMID- 3888632
TI  - DSA--a helpful tool in diagnosis of aberrant left pulmonary artery (vascular
      sling) in adults.
AB  - Two new adult patients with aberrant origin of the left pulmonary artery from the
      right pulmonary artery--pulmonary artery sling--are described, totalling the
      published adult cases to eight. Differentiation from a mediastinal mass closely
      mimicking this vascular anomaly is discussed. For the definitive diagnosis,
      digital subtraction angiography was applied for the first time. The clearest
      demonstration of the anatomy is in 20-25 degrees RPO and 20-25 degrees sitting
      position. The aberrant left pulmonary artery in adults is asymptomatic.

PMID- 3888633
TI  - Biochemical characterization of desmosomal proteins isolated from bovine muzzle
      epidermis: amino acid and carbohydrate composition.
AB  - The seven major desmosomal polypeptides from isolated bovine muzzle desmosomes
      ranging from Mr 75 000 to 250 000 were separated by gel electrophoresis, isolated
      and characterized with respect to their amino acid composition and sugar content.
      The two largest polypeptides (bands 1 and 2), i.e. desmoplakins I and II, are
      similar in their amino acid composition, confirming our previous immunological
      and biochemical data, and display a relatively high glycine content. In contrast,
      the other two cytoplasmic components also believed to be associated with the
      desmosomal plaque, i.e. polypeptides of bands 5 (Mr 83 000) and 6 (Mr 75 000),
      differ significantly in their amino acid composition from the desmoplakins and
      from each other. All four candidate polypeptides for plaque association, i.e.
      bands 1, 2, 5, and 6, show no significant glycosylation. The glycoproteins 4a and
      4b (Mr 115 000 and 130 000) are similar in their amino acid composition, peptide
      analysis and immunological reactivity. Both are relatively rich in mannose and
      galactose but also contain sialic acid. Our determinations also indicate that the
      two polypeptides differ significantly in their N-acetylglucosamine and mannose
      content. Most, if not all, of the sugar residues are associated with a water
      soluble fragment of Mr 15 500 obtained after limited digestion with V8 protease.
      The glycopolypeptides obtained in band 3 (Mr 164 000-175 000) are distinct from
      the glycopolypeptides 4a and 4b in amino acid composition, sugar content,
      isoelectric pH values, certain antigenic determinants and in their pattern of
      cleavage products obtained by treatment with proteases or cyanogen bromide. The
      results identify polypeptides of bands 3, 4a and 4b as glycosylated with
      characteristic sugar compositions. It is suggested that the major glycoproteins
      (bands 3, 4a, 4b) of the desmosome are integral membrane components arranged in a
      special way conferring resistance to detergent treatment. The possible roles of
      these glycoproteins in cell recognition and in adhesive functions of the
      desmosome are discussed.

PMID- 3888634
TI  - Two-dimensional crystals of a membrane protein: arrangement of subunits within
      the crystal sheet.
AB  - Two-dimensional crystals have been prepared from the photosynthetic reaction
      center of Rhodopseudomonas viridis. Filtered images of these crystals show
      individual subunits approximately 4.5 nm in diameter arranged at a center-to
      center distance of 6.4 nm. Our previous studies suggested that each subunit
      within such a sheet corresponds to a single photosynthetic reaction center. Air
      dried and freeze-etched shadowed preparations of the crystals yield images which
      are quite different from negatively stained material. Rotary-shadowed surfaces of
      the crystals show rows of wedge-shaped particles separated by 3 nm furrows. Two
      such wedge-shaped particles occupy the 12.1 X 12.9 nm area in which four
      negatively stained subunits are normally visualized. Close analysis of these
      shadowed pictures suggests that both the shadowed and negatively stained images
      can be accounted for by a single model of subunit arrangement within the crystal.
      Within each 12.1 X 12.9 nm unit cell, two subunits are placed near one surface of
      the sheet, and two others are near the other surface. All four subunits are
      visible in negative stain. When the surface is shadowed, only the two subunits
      which project above the surface of the sheet accumulate appreciable amounts of
      the heavy metal shadow. Because of their close position, one subunit shades the
      other, forming the wedge-shaped appearance characteristic of the crystal. The
      only arrangement consistent with both shadowed and negatively stained images is
      one in which the two raised subunits occupy positions at either end of a diagonal
      across the unit cell. The analysis of shadowed images indicates that the plane
      group of the crystals is P22(1)2(1).

PMID- 3888635
TI  - Indium leucocyte imaging in true pyrexia of unknown origin.
AB  - A patient with pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) was investigated for a focal
      infection using autologous indium-labelled leucocytes. Only one site of increased
      activity was observed; this was asymptomatic and subsequently proved to be an
      infected nasal sinus. This case highlights the necessity, in PUO investigations,
      of carrying out whole-body imaging rather than just investigating the areas with
      presenting symptoms.

PMID- 3888636
TI  - Derangement of hepatic energy metabolism in lead-sensitized endotoxicosis.
AB  - Lead-sensitized endotoxicosis was investigated in rats in terms of hepatic energy
      metabolism. Lead acetate (Ld, 20 mg/kg BW) or endotoxin (Etx, 4 mg/kg BW) caused
      no deaths within 48 h. Ld plus Etx resulted in a lethality of 50 and 100% within
      6 and 12 h respectively. Etx or Ld alone caused a slight but significant decrease
      in the hepatic tissue levels of total adenine nucleotides and/or ATP at 3 and 6 h
      after the application. The energy charge potential (ECP) remained normal. The
      ketone bodies acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate and the ratio AcAc/beta-OHB
      as well as the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation tended to increase; the
      hepatic tissue levels of pyruvate and lactate were increased after 3 h,
      indicative of an accelerated glycolysis. These alterations were no longer
      detectable after 6 h. In lead-sensitized endotoxemia (Ld + Etx), the total
      adenine nucleotides and ATP of the liver tissue decreased significantly to 84%
      (86%) and 71% (52%) of the controls within 3 and 6 h respectively, and the ECP
      had decreased from 0.865 to 0.684 at 6 h. The ketone bodies were increased, while
      the ratio AcAc/beta-OHB was significantly decreased at 6 h. The hepatic tissue
      lactate remained elevated. The mitochondrial activity was significantly reduced.
      A hyperglycemia (175 mg . dl-1) at 3 h changed into a hypoglycemia (50 mg . dl-1)
      at 6 h. It is suggested that Ld plus Etx causes a rapid impairment of hepatic
      mitochondria which leads to a drastic disturbance of the hepatic energy
      metabolism including hypoglycemia and contributes to an enhanced lethality in Ld
      sensitized endotoxicosis.

PMID- 3888637
TI  - Standardized intraabdominal abscess formation with generalized sepsis:
      pathophysiology in the rat.
AB  - Gelatine capsules containing Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis in a
      standardized mixture with rat colonic content and barium sulfate were implanted
      intraabdominally into rats. Capsules of 0.75 g gave approximately 50% mortality
      whereas 0.35 and 1.10 g caused no or 100% mortality, respectively. In subsequent
      experiments, using the 0.75 g capsule, all animals became ill with signs of
      tachypnea, piloerection, low physical activity and hypersecretion of saliva 6-8 h
      after the implantation. The animals reduced their water and food intake
      substantially and the body weight decreased. A significant reduction in blood
      pressure, glucose and leukocyte and platelet counts was found 12 h after
      challenge. Blood cultures obtained at 12, 24, 48 and 60 h all grew E. coli but
      none B. fragilis. Succumbed animals revealed diffuse peritonitis with growth of
      E. coli and B. fragilis at autopsy, whereas surviving animals showed abscess
      formation at investigation on day 8 after challenge. It was concluded that the
      model closely resembled intraabdominal abscess formation with sepsis in man.

PMID- 3888638
TI  - Peritonitis and septic shock--an evaluation of two experimental models in the
      rat.
AB  - Two different experimental models for inducing septic shock have been
      characterized. In one, septic shock was induced by intraperitoneal injection of
      live Escherichia coli bacteria. This resulted in a dose-dependent mortality.
      Those animals surviving the first 24 h are considered as permanent survivors. In
      the other models, septic shock and peritonitis was induced by ligation and needle
      punctures of the cecum. This resulted in a slower development of shock which was
      almost invariably lethal within 96 h. Arterial blood pressure remained within the
      normal range in both models for up to 3 h after inducing peritonitis. Then a
      rapid deterioration was noticed in animals injected with live E. coli. White
      blood cells and platelets in arterial blood were reduced compared to controls in
      both groups. This reduction was more pronounced in animals injected with live E.
      coli. Both models are considered as useful tools in further studies of the
      pathophysiology of peritonitis and septic shock.

PMID- 3888639
TI  - Development of arteriovenous shunts in rejecting rat kidneys.
AB  - Arteriovenous shunts in rejecting rat kidneys were studied in vivo by injecting
      radiolabelled 15-micron microspheres into the graft artery 4-7 days after
      transplantation. Serum creatinine levels were measured and the transplants were
      examined microscopically. The radioactivity in the transplanted kidneys, lungs
      and the hind legs was recorded. A progressive increase in the amount of
      radioactivity found in the lungs started 5 days after allogenic transplantation
      but not after isotransplantation. Increased serum creatinine levels were first
      recorded on day 6 and focal necrosis or hemorrhages were not seen microscopically
      at any time. The results support the hypothesis that arteriovenous anastomoses
      are opened or created early as a part of the graft rejection process and not as a
      late consequence of tissue necrosis.

PMID- 3888640
TI  - Increase of plasma renin activity after subcutaneous application of compound
      48/80 in the rat.
AB  - Subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of compound 48/80 (3.0 mg/kg) to conscious
      rats produced a time-dependent long-lasting increase of plasma renin activity
      (PRA). A dose-related increase of the hematocrit was also observed after
      injection of compound 48/80. The onset of the hematocrit increase preceded that
      of PRA increase. Pretreatment with a dose of more than 20 mg/kg of histamine H1
      receptor antagonists such as tripelennamine or diphenhydramine prior to the
      injection of compound 48/80 (3.0 mg/kg s.c.) attenuated or abolished the effects
      of compound 48/80 on PRA, hematocrit and plasma extravasation. Pretreatment with
      cimetidine (histamine H2-receptor antagonist, 40 mg/kg i.p.) had no effect on
      these plasma variables. The increase of PRA caused by s.c. administration of
      compound 48/80 was not affected by the pretreatment with propranolol (beta
      adrenoceptor antagonist, 10 mg/kg i.p.), which completely inhibited the
      isoproterenol (0.5 mg/kg s.c.)-induced PRA increase. Administration of compound
      48/80 did not induce a significant PRA increase in the nephrectomized rats
      although the increase of hematocrit following s.c. administration of compound
      48/80 persisted despite the absence of kidneys. S.c. administration of compound
      48/80 (3.0 mg/kg) led to a significant decrease of histamine content at the site
      of injection and to a significant increase in plasma histamine concentration
      without affecting arterial blood pressure. The present data suggest that s.c.
      administration of compound 48/80 stimulates the release of histamine from
      cutaneous mast cells, which cause an increase in vascular permeability to plasma
      protein via the stimulation of histamine H1-receptors, then leads to hypovolemia.
      The resulting hypovolemia may directly stimulate the juxtraglomerular cells of
      the kidney to release renin.

PMID- 3888641
TI  - Evidence for the presence of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in the rat adrenal
      cortex.

PMID- 3888642
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies prepared against PAS-I butyrophilin and GP-55 from guinea
      pig milk-fat-globule membrane bind specifically to the apical pole of secretory
      epithelial cells in lactating mammary tissue.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies to the three major glycoproteins of guinea-pig milk-fat
      globule membrane were isolated. The specificity of these antibodies was
      determined by solid-phase immunoassays and by immunoblotting and autoradiographic
      techniques after one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The antibodies
      bound to PAS-I, a sialoglycoprotein of Mr greater than or equal to 200 000 and
      the glycoproteins butyrophilin and GP-55, of Mr 63 000 and 55 000, respectively.
      Immunolocalization studies showed that all three proteins were highly
      concentrated in the apical pole of secretory-epithelial cells in mammary tissue
      during lactation. PAS-I, butyrophilin or GP-55, were not detected in either the
      basal cytoplasm of mammary epithelial cells or in myoepithelial cells, capillary
      endothelial cells or other cells found in the mammary gland. These proteins were
      either present in small amounts or were absent from mammary tissue taken in late
      pregnancy. The monoclonal antibodies characterized in this study will therefore
      be useful as probes for studies of the biogenesis of apical membrane proteins in
      mammary epithelial cells during lactation.

PMID- 3888643
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to intermediate filaments in chick muscle cell cultures.
AB  - Two monoclonal antibodies, FIFI and PHIL, have been prepared using detergent
      washed myogenic cells as immunogen. On Western blots of total protein extracts of
      muscle cells, both antibodies bind to vimentin (52 kD) and its degradation
      products (major band at 42 kD), but do not bind to mouse proteins or to actin (42
      kD). Specificity for a determinant common to vimentin and desmin was confirmed by
      2-D gel electrophoresis of muscle cell extracts and purified desmin. Western
      blots with FIFI reveal particularly well the extreme sensitivity of intermediate
      filaments (IFs) to proteolysis, which was preventable in brain tissue only by
      boiling in 1% SDS, although it could be reduced in both brain and muscle by less
      extreme methods. Western blots suggest a large increase in IF content of
      differentiating myoblast cell cultures at the time of cell fusion and an increase
      of at least 4-fold is confirmed by a quantitative immunoassay using a direct
      ELISA method. Immunofluorescence microscopy shows that this increase is due to
      the appearance of high concentrations of the intermediate filament antigen at the
      ends of early myotubes, preceding the appearance of cross-striations in
      myofibrils. Furthermore, whereas the polar filaments detected by FIFI run right
      to the ends of the early myotubes and only sparingly penetrate the central area,
      cross-striated myofibrils (as detected by the monoclonal antibody, SAM) run the
      length of the myotube but do not reach the ends. Colcemid and colchicine cause
      the vimentin filaments in fibroblasts to collapse into perinuclear rings or caps,
      but do not have this effect on the polar fluorescence in early myotubes. Heat
      shock (2 h at 45 degrees C) has a similar differential effect. The results
      suggest that early in muscle differentiation intermediate filament proteins
      accumulate rapidly at myotube ends, where they are organized differently from
      those in fibroblasts.

PMID- 3888644
TI  - The effect of calcium antagonists on the proteolytic degradation of low-density
      lipoprotein in HeLa cells.
AB  - The degradation of 125I-labelled low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in HeLa cells was
      significantly inhibited when the cells were incubated either with the calcium
      channel blocking agents D600 and verapamil, or with the lysosomotropic agent
      chloroquine. However, nifedipine, another blocker of Ca2+ channels, did not
      affect the degradation of 125I-labelled LDL. The association of 125I-labelled LDL
      with HeLa cells was increased in proportion to the concentration of D600, and
      125I-labelled LDL was accumulated in lysosomal fractions as assessed by Percoll
      density gradient analysis. Some 80% of 125I-labelled LDL in lysosomes of HeLa
      cells treated with D600 was acid-insoluble. The rate of incorporation of
      [3H]acetate into digitonin-precipitable material was increased 4-fold in the
      cells treated with 40 micrograms/ml D600 compared with untreated cells, but that
      of [3H]mevalonate was not enhanced. About 8 h of preincubation of the cells with
      D600 or verapamil was required to inhibit the LDL degradation by 50% of the
      control activity. It was also found that the inhibitory action of D600 could be
      reversed by removal of D600 from the medium. The activities of lysosomal enzymes,
      cathepsin B, beta-hexosaminidase, and acid phosphatase, were significantly
      decreased when the cells were treated with D600 and chloroquine, but not with
      nifedipine. Blockers of Ca2+ channels which effect the activity of lysosomal
      enzymes, should be useful for the study of the lysosomal function.

PMID- 3888645
TI  - Immunological identification of the karyophilic, histone-binding proteins N1 and
      N2 in somatic cells and oocytes of diverse amphibia.
AB  - A polypeptide pair designated N1/N2 (Mr 100 000 and 110 000) is an exceptionally
      acidic and abundant nuclear protein of oocytes of the toad, Xenopus laevis, and
      is characterized by a pronounced karyophilia. These proteins have been shown to
      form specific complexes with free, i.e., non-chromatin-bound histones H3 and H4
      (Kleinschmidt & Franke, Cell 29 (1982) 799) [3]. In order to study these proteins
      and their possible counterparts in other species, antibodies were produced in
      guinea pigs against proteins N1/N2 purified from Xenopus oocyte nuclei. Using gel
      electrophoresis, peptide map analysis, immunoblotting techniques and immuno
      fluorescence microscopy the existence of polypeptides identical in Mr value and
      charge to polypeptide N1 of oocytes was demonstrated in cultured somatic cells of
      Xenopus laevis, where it was also highly enriched in cell nuclei, although the
      cellular concentration was much lower than in oocytes. A similar, if not
      identical protein, was recognized in nuclei of diverse other cell types including
      hepatocytes, enterocytes, ovarian follicle cells, and Sertoli cells of testis, of
      Xenopus, Rana temporaria, R. esculenta, Pleurodeles waltlii but not in
      erythrocytes and later stages of spermiogenesis. When nuclear proteins from
      oocytes of different amphibian species were examined with these antibodies it was
      found that the Mr values of N1/N2 proteins were considerably different in
      different species, ranging from Mr 110 000 to 190 000. Immunoprecipitation and
      gel electrophoretic analysis under non-denaturing conditions showed that a
      significant proportion of these proteins was contained in complexes with histones
      H3 and H4. The results demonstrate that proteins N1/N2 are not special proteins
      of oocytes of Xenopus laevis but occur in various other cells of diverse
      amphibian species. The widespread occurrence of these karyophilic proteins
      indicates that at least one function of these proteins, i.e., selective binding
      of the arginine-rich histones H3 and H4, is not exclusive to oocytes but may also
      contribute to the regulation of histone pools and chromatin formation in other
      cell types.

PMID- 3888647
TI  - Fourteenth annual meeting of the International Society for Experimental
      Hematology. 14-18 July, 1985, Jerusalem, Israel. Abstracts.

PMID- 3888646
TI  - Further evidence for a cell surface proteinase essential to the growth of
      cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - Specific antibodies and protein proteinase inhibitors will inhibit cell-surface
      proteinase activity on human fibroblasts and cause a concomitant inhibition of
      DNA synthesis and of cell multiplication. An insolubilized proteinase inhibitor
      also inhibits cell multiplication. The same reagents partially inhibit the
      multiplication of mouse L cells, both in monolayer and suspension culture, and
      inhibit the mitogenic effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on both types of
      cell.

PMID- 3888648
TI  - Haematoloechus medioplexus: light and electron microscope localization of
      dipeptidyl aminopeptidases I and II in the gastrodermis.
AB  - The exopeptidases, dipeptidyl aminopeptidases I and II (EC 3.4.14.1 and EC
      3.4.14.2, respectively) were demonstrated cytochemically at light and electron
      microscope levels in the gastrodermis of adult Haematoloechus medioplexus
      recovered from the lungs of naturally infected Rana pipiens. Lys-Ala-4-methoxy
      beta-naphthylamide and Pro-Arg-4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide were used as specific
      substrates. Reaction products from both enzymes were observed in the gastrodermis
      in what are believed to be vesicles analogous to secondary lysosomes. The
      localization of the enzymes in these vesicles coincides with previous reports of
      the distribution of acid phosphatase and esterase activities. The hydrolases are
      believed to function both intracellularly by autophagy and extracellularly by
      digestion of host globin in the cecal lumen. Cathepsin B activity was not
      observed following the cytochemical protocol used in this investigation.

PMID- 3888649
TI  - Plasmodium berghei: gluconeogenesis in the infected mouse liver studied by 13C
      nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - Using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, we have compared the gluconeogenic activity
      of perfused livers isolated from normal starved mice and mice highly parasitized
      with Plasmodium berghei, using [2-13C]pyruvate as substrate. In both types of
      livers, 13C labeling of glucose carbons occurred in positions 1, 2, 5, and 6. The
      equal proportions of [1,6-13C]- and [2,5-13C]glucose in livers from malarial and
      normal mice suggests that pyruvate enters the gluconeogenic pathway directly and,
      to an equal extent, via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The normalized signal
      heights indicated that at a given time after the addition of [2-13C]pyruvate the
      degree of 13C labeling in glucose carbons was reduced in livers from malarial
      animals, when compared to livers from normal animals. During the course of the
      perfusion experiment, the [2-13C]lactate resonance signal was always more intense
      from livers of malarial animals than from normal animals. A reduced activity of
      hepatic gluconeogenesis in malarial animals was further confirmed by a separate
      set of perfusion experiments which showed a 56% reduction of the measured rate of
      glucose production in livers from malarial animals, with respect to that of
      normal animals. A lowered NAD/NADH ratio in livers from malarial animals would
      explain the increased proportion of lactate observed in the spectra and be
      related to a decreased gluconeogenic rate. A more reduced oxidoreduction level in
      the hepatocytes of a malarial animal would result from a defect in the oxidative
      phosphorylation activity of mitochondria.

PMID- 3888650
TI  - A modified immunoperoxidase method for the detection of ABH tissue isoantigens in
      patients with bladder carcinoma.
AB  - Detectable ABH blood group antigens (BGAg) on tumor cells from transitional
      carcinoma of the urinary bladder, used for diagnosis and prognosis may be
      evidenced with the existing immunoperoxidase methods. In this study, a
      modification of the immunoperoxidase method was shown to enable the detection of
      BGAg in deparaffinized tissue section of normal and malignant human urothelium.
      To detect antigens A and B a peroxidase-conjugated rabbit anti-human IgM was used
      and antigen H was visualized by biotinylated lectin.

PMID- 3888651
TI  - Classification of primary dyslipoproteinemias.

PMID- 3888652
TI  - Half a century of stress research: a tribute to Hans Selye by his students and
      associates.

PMID- 3888653
TI  - A personal reminiscence of Hans Selye.

PMID- 3888654
TI  - A giant of biology.

PMID- 3888655
TI  - On the stress of working with Dr Selye.

PMID- 3888656
TI  - My years with Selye.

PMID- 3888657
TI  - The creative and productive life of Hans Selye: a review of his major scientific
      discoveries.

PMID- 3888658
TI  - A tribute to the pioneering contributions of Hans Selye: an appraisal through his
      books.

PMID- 3888659
TI  - Effect of phosphonic analogues of glutamic acid on glutamate decarboxylase.
AB  - Among the phosphonic analogues of glutamic acid, only 4-amino-4-phosphono butyric
      acid, the compound which shows the highest affinity for pyridoxal phosphate,
      inhibits competitively both Escherichia coli and rat brain glutamate
      decarboxylases. Phosphinothricin, 2-amino-4-(methylphosphino)butyric acid, is a
      strong inhibitor of the mammalian enzyme.

PMID- 3888660
TI  - Effect of tingenone, a quinonoid triterpene, on growth and macromolecule
      biosynthesis in Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - Tingenone and horminone, two natural quinonoid substances, inhibited the in vitro
      growth of Trypanosoma cruzi, 30 microM drug concentration producing total
      inhibition of growth. Tingenone inhibited total uptake and incorporation of
      [3H]thymidine, [3H]uridine, L-[3H]leucine into parasite macromolecules. Other
      quinonoids assayed were either less effective (abruquinone A) or even quite
      inactive (visminone B and ferruginin B). Investigation of several mechanisms for
      the cytotoxic action of tingenone pointed to the interaction with DNA as the most
      likely factor involved. Tingenone also inhibited the growth of Crithidia
      fasciculata, but the drug was significantly less active on this organism than on
      T. cruzi.

PMID- 3888662
TI  - Mutagenicity and toxicity of chloroethylene oxide and chloroacetaldehyde.
AB  - Exposure of several trp-auxotrophic Escherichia coli strains, carrying base-pair
      substitutions, to chloroethylene oxide or chloroacetaldehyde (two metabolites of
      vinyl chloride) increased the mutation frequency to tryptophan prototrophy.
      Strong cytotoxic and mutagenic effects were observed with 2.5 mM chloroethylene
      oxide, while a higher concentration of chloroacetaldehyde (100 mM) exhibited a
      mutagenic effect which was 400 times lower.

PMID- 3888663
TI  - Biochemical characteristics of the proteins secreted by dog prostate, a review.
AB  - Proteins secreted by dog prostate differ from those of other species and in
      particular from those of man, both in terms of quantity and quality. These
      differences can be observed in the electrophoretic pattern of proteins in
      polyacrylamide gels and in enzymes such as phosphatases, glycohydrolases and
      proteases. For instance, canine acid phosphatase, although quite similar
      biochemically to the human enzyme, is about one hundred fold less concentrated in
      both prostatic tissue and seminal plasma than in the human. By contrast, arginine
      esterase, which is virtually absent in human prostatic secretion, comprises more
      than 90% of total proteins secreted by dog prostate. The most recent data on each
      of these enzymes, enzyme classes and proteins will be reviewed. Despite recent
      advancement of knowledge on the biochemistry of these constituents, their
      biological function as well as their contribution to the pathogenesis of
      prostatic diseases still remain a matter of speculation. For both of these
      aspects, dog appears to be a particularly interesting model.

PMID- 3888664
TI  - Interaction of lipid vesicles with an heptoseless strain of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The conditions for uptake of lipid vesicles by the deep rough mutant of
      Escherichia coli, strain D21F2, and the parent strain, K12 were studied. A
      variety of lipids including phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine,
      diglyceride, cholesterol and palmitic acid were taken up much more readily by the
      deep rough mutant than the K12 strain. The uptake of lipid in the mutant strain
      was enhanced by Ca2+ at an optimal concentration of 2 mM, by alkaline pH and by
      growth of the cells up to the late exponential phase. With K12 cells, cholesterol
      and phosphatidylethanolamine were taken up from equimolar mixtures at similar
      rates thus suggesting the involvement of a fusion process. With D21F2 cells, the
      endogenous lipids of which had been labelled by growth in [3H] acetate, the
      uptake of exogenous [32P] phosphatidylethanolamine and [32P]
      lysophosphatidylethanolamine was not accompanied by a loss of endogenous lipid to
      the incubation medium. This precluded the involvement of an exchange mechanism.
      The absorbed exogenous lipid and the endogenous lipids of D21F2 cells displayed
      the same susceptibility to hydrolysis by added phospholipase C. This indicated
      that the exogenous lipid is inserted into lipid core of the membrane rather than
      adsorbed at the cell surface.

PMID- 3888661
TI  - Malignant hyperthermia: molecular defects in membrane permeability.
AB  - Malignant hyperthermia (MH), a genetically inherited disorder of skeletal muscle,
      is due to molecular defect in membrane permeability. The alteration in membrane
      permeability is suggested to be due to enhanced phospholipase A2 activity which
      is responsible for the increased level in sarcoplasmic Ca2+. The excess Ca2+ is
      responsible for muscle hyper-rigidity and enhanced rate of glycolysis, resulting
      in a rapid rate of lactic acid production and a low pH in MH muscle.

PMID- 3888665
TI  - [Pharmacology and scientific and technical progress].

PMID- 3888666
TI  - [Comparative pharmacological analysis of the mechanisms of thrombocyte
      aggregation induced by bacterial toxins and ADP].
AB  - It has been demonstrated in experiments in vitro that exotoxin and endotoxin of
      Shigella sonnei produce the concentration-dependent rabbit platelet aggregation.
      Acetylsalicylic acid and theophylline substantially inhibit the ADP-induced
      aggregation and suppress to a less degree the effects of bacterial toxins.
      Monoiodine acetate inhibits aggregation induced by ADP and potentiates the
      aggregating action of toxins.

PMID- 3888668
TI  - Degradation of peptides and proteins of different sizes by homogenates of human
      MRC5 lung fibroblasts. Aged cells have a decreased ability to degrade shortened
      proteins.
AB  - The degradation of haemoglobin and haemoglobin-derived peptide fragments by
      homogenates of MRC5 fibroblasts has been investigated. Results show that the
      smaller fragments were degraded more rapidly than larger substrates at both pH
      5.5 and pH 7.5. Only the smallest of the soluble cyanogen bromide peptides (Mr
      3500) was degraded at pH 7.5. Degradation at pH 5.5 proceeded more rapidly than
      that at pH 7.5 for all substrates tested but was more marked with the larger
      substrates. Homogenates prepared from aged cells degraded puromycin peptides and,
      to a lesser extent, cyanogen bromide peptides at a slower rate, at pH 7.5, than
      those prepared from younger cells. We suggest that cytosolic degradation is less
      selective and at least one cytosolic proteolytic activity decreases as cells age.

PMID- 3888667
TI  - Complete amino acid sequence of the B875 light-harvesting protein of
      Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides strain 2.4.1. Comparison with R26.1 carotenoidless
      mutant strain.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence was determined for the alpha- and beta-chains of
      the B875 light-harvesting protein purified from photosynthetic membranes of
      Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides 2.4.1. The sequence of the B875-alpha-polypeptide
      was identical to that reported for the R26.1 carotenoidless mutant [(1985)
      Biochim. Biophys. Acta 806, 185-186] and contained 58 amino acid residues with a
      blocked methionine and a glutamic acid at the N- and C-termini, respectively. The
      B875-beta-polypeptide contained 48 amino acid residues with alanine and
      phenylalanine as respective N- and C-termini; although otherwise identical, the
      leucine at position 29 in the wild-type strain was replaced by proline in the
      mutant. This radical amino acid substitution occurred within the central
      hydrophobic domain of the beta-polypeptide chain and is thought to result in a
      weakening of the structure of the alpha/beta heterodimer since it was not
      possible to isolate the intact pigment-protein complex from the R26.1 mutant
      strain.

PMID- 3888669
TI  - Apparent inhibition of glycoprotein synthesis by S.cerevisiae mating pheromones.
AB  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating pheromones a and alpha factor strongly inhibit
      the incorporation of radiolabelled glucosamine into N-glycosylated proteins of
      corresponding haploid cells. This observation was erroneously interpreted as an
      inhibition of glycoprotein synthesis. It has turned out that alpha factor causes
      a 4-5-fold dilution of incorporated [14C]glucosamine with non-radioactive
      endogenous precursor. In the case of the [14C]chitin synthesized, which does not
      show inhibition by alpha factor, the lowering of the specific activity of the
      precursor is exactly compensated for by an increased rate of chitin synthesis
      caused by alpha factor.

PMID- 3888670
TI  - Amino acid sequence of bovine protein Z: a vitamin K-dependent serine protease
      homolog.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of protein Z has been determined from sequence analysis
      performed on fragments obtained by chemical and enzymatic degradations. The
      polypeptide consists of a single chain containing 396 amino acid residues (Mr 43
      677). Comparison with the vitamin K-dependent plasma proteins reveals an
      extensive homology. The N-terminal part, containing 13 gamma-carboxyglutamic acid
      and one beta-hydroxyaspartic acid residue, is extensively homologous to and of
      similar length to the light chain of factor X. The remainder of protein Z is
      homologous to the serine proteases and of similar size to the heavy chain of
      factor Xa, but of the active site residues only aspartic acid-102 is present.
      Histidine-57 and serine-195 are replaced in protein Z by threonine and alanine,
      respectively. The physiological function of protein Z is still uncertain.

PMID- 3888671
TI  - Purification and characterization of a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside-(3)-N
      acetyltransferase IV from Escherichia coli.
AB  - Plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside-(3)-N-acetyltransferase IV, AAC(3)-IV, was
      purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography from E. coli. The enzyme was
      shown to consist of a monomer, with the apparent Mr being in agreement with that
      calculated from the nucleotide sequence of the aacC4 gene (Mr 28 500).
      Determination of the sequence of the N-terminal 6 amino acids revealed that
      processing did not occur, indicating the cytoplasmic localization of the AAC(3)
      IV enzyme. A correlation of antibiotic resistance with Km values of the purified
      enzyme for a corresponding set of aminoglycoside substrates is discussed with
      respect to the mechanism of resistance in vivo.

PMID- 3888672
TI  - Mutant species of EF-Tu, altered at position 375, exhibit a reduced affinity for
      aminoacylated transfer-RNAs.
AB  - The interaction between EF-Tu X GTP and aminoacyl-tRNA is shown to be influenced
      by mutations at site 375 of this three-domain protein. Site 375 is located in
      domain II near the interface with domain I [(1984) EMBO J. 3, 113-120].
      Replacement of the alanine at this site by a threonine or valine residue results
      in lower binding constants with Phe-tRNA and Tyr-tRNA, as was evaluated by the
      hydrolysis protection technique. The data are discussed in the light of what is
      known about the three-dimensional structure of the protein and its interaction
      sites with aminoacyl-tRNA.

PMID- 3888673
TI  - Direct cross-linking of heptauridilate to E. coli ribosomes by water-soluble
      carbodiimide in the complex stabilized by codon-anticodon interaction at both A-
      and P-sites.
AB  - Affinity labelling of E. coli ribosomes is performed by treatment with water
      soluble carbodiimide of the complex of ribosomes with (pU)7, tRNAPhe at the P
      site and with Phe-tRNAPhe (complex I) and without Phe-tRNAPhe (complex II) at the
      A-site. The extent of modification is, respectively, 0.06 and 0.026 mol (pU)7 per
      mol ribosomes. Protein S3 is found as a single labelled protein in complex I,
      whereas S7, S8, L25 are modified in complex II. Thus, in the absence of a large
      spacer group within the complex stabilized by codon-anticodon interactions at
      both A- and P-sites, a highly selective modification occurs.

PMID- 3888675
TI  - [Health education on the 40th anniversary of victory in World War II, 1941-1945].

PMID- 3888676
TI  - [History of the creation of the system of maternal and child health protection
      during the 1st years of Soviet power].

PMID- 3888674
TI  - Tomato lectin resists digestion in the mammalian alimentary canal and binds to
      intestinal villi without deleterious effects.
AB  - Experiments were designed to investigate whether orally consumed tomato lectin
      could resist the digestive process and function as a lectin within the alimentary
      canal. Rats fed on a tomato lectin-rich diet passed faeces containing
      serologically detectable tomato lectin, and the lectin could be shown by
      immunoperoxidase staining bound to intestinal villi. Moreover, radioactivity was
      mainly recovered from the alimentary canal 3h after 125I-labelled tomato lectin
      administration with only traces in the circulation or internal organs.
      Radioactivity absorbed into the human circulation after consumption of 125I
      labelled tomato lectin was also less than that expected for a digestable protein.

PMID- 3888679
TI  - Altered androstenedione and estrone dynamics associated with abnormal hormonal
      profiles in amenorrheic subjects with weight loss or obesity.
AB  - The present study was designed for exploration of hormonal disturbances
      underlying common forms of amenorrhea. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) patients
      and obese amenorrheic subjects had significantly elevated estrone (E1) levels,
      elevated luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratios, and an
      exaggerated luteinizing hormone response to luteinizing hormone-releasing
      hormone. However, androstenedione (delta 4A), the precursor of E1, was elevated
      only in PCO. Thus, the E1/delta 4A ratio, which provides an indirect index of
      aromatase activity in extraglandular sites, was raised in obese subjects as a
      group but not in PCO subjects. These findings suggest that elevated E1 levels,
      which give rise to abnormal gonadotropin secretion, arise from increased
      available androgens in PCO but from an increased effect of aromatase (present in
      adipose tissue) in obese subjects. Measurement of androgens and the E1/delta 4A
      ratio provides insights into the relative contributions of hyperandrogenemia and
      enhanced aromatase activity to the genesis of amenorrhea in these groups. In
      patients with suppressed estradiol levels associated with hyperprolactinemia or
      weight loss, follicle-stimulating hormone levels were suppressed, while
      luteinizing hormone was not elevated. Prolactin excess explains these findings in
      hyperprolactinemia. Plasma E1 levels and the E1/delta 4A ratio were suppressed in
      patients with weight loss, possibly as a consequence of reduced adiposity. This
      finding suggests that hypothesis that a minimum level of E1, dependent upon
      adequate adiposity, is critical for the normal mature function of the
      hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Abnormal E1/delta 4A ratios, high in obesity
      associated amenorrhea and suppressed in weight loss-associated amenorrhea, may
      provide specific markers for these groups of patients.

PMID- 3888677
TI  - The obstetric consequences of uterovaginal anomalies.
AB  - Congenital uterovaginal anomalies can have adverse effects on pregnancy outcome.
      Early diagnosis and an aggressive evaluation of any patient presenting with mid
      trimester abortion, premature labor, malpresentation, or retained placenta may
      prevent additional pregnancy wastage and maternal morbidity. With more timely and
      accurate diagnosis, appropriate management is likely to provide the best possible
      outcome for all such patients.

PMID- 3888680
TI  - The sperm penetration assay: its usefulness reevaluated.

PMID- 3888678
TI  - Ultrasonic findings in polycystic ovarian disease.
AB  - The uterus and ovaries of 50 patients with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) and
      30 eumenorrheic women were studied with a real-time ultrasound mechanical sector
      scanner. Uterine and ovarian volumes (UV and OV) and the OV/UV ratio were
      calculated, and ovarian morphology was classified as prevalently solid and
      cystic. Both ovaries were displayed in 44 of the PCOD and in 25 of the normal
      patients and appeared bilaterally solid, cystic, or with different morphology,
      respectively, in 43.2%, 47.7%, and 9.1% of cases in the former group and in 76%,
      20%, and 4% in the latter group. Statistically significant differences between
      normal and PCOD patients were found in OV, UV, and OV/UV ratio. Bilaterally
      enlarged ovaries with multiple tiny cysts, the classic ultrasonographic picture
      of the polycystic ovary, were found in only 16 (36.3%) of the PCOD cases, while
      34 (77.3%) had an OV/UV ratio greater than 1 standard deviation above the mean.
      Four ultrasonographic ovarian patterns were observed in the PCOD patients:
      enlarged cystic; enlarged solid; normal-sized cystic; and normal-sized solid.
      These findings emphasize the need for a reconsideration of the ultrasonographic
      criteria of PCOD.

PMID- 3888681
TI  - [Method of rapid change of test solutions during studies of isolated cells].

PMID- 3888682
TI  - [Theoretical and practical questions concerning the construction of removable
      partial dentures].

PMID- 3888683
TI  - [Consideration of the patient's personality in the esthetic quality of dentures].

PMID- 3888684
TI  - [Status and prospects for research on the mechanisms of respiratory regulation].

PMID- 3888685
TI  - [External inputs of the metasympathetic ganglia of the large intestine and
      bladder].

PMID- 3888686
TI  - [Studies on the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus--immunochemical studies
      with monoclonal islet cell surface antibody using hybridization of spleen
      lymphocytes from non-obese diabetic mice].
AB  - The production of monoclonal antibodies to islet cell surface antigens, using
      hybridization of spleen lymphocytes from non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice has been
      reported previously from our laboratory. In the present study, the immunochemical
      characteristics of the monoclonal antibody (3A4) have been investigated using In
      111 cells, a virus-induced insulinoma cell line derived from the Syrian golden
      hamster as target cells. The antibody 3A4 could be visually detected in the
      immunoenzymatic labelling of the surface of In-111 cells. To identify the
      molecular weight of target specific antigens reacting with 3A4, 125I-surface
      labelled In-111 cells were solubilized and extracts were absorbed with 3A4. The
      immunoprecipitates were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      autoradiography. 3A4 recognized two major polypeptides with apparent molecular
      weights of radioactive 64K and inactive 28K daltons. In order to evaluate
      antibody-mediated cytotoxic mechanisms of 3A4, complement-dependent antibody
      mediated cytotoxicity (C'AMC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
      were tested, using a method of specific chromium release. In the study for C'AMC,
      even though over wide ranges of antibody concentration and rabbit complement,
      purified 3A4 had no apparent cytotoxic effects on In-111 cells. On the other
      hand, significant ADCC was observed at 10 micrograms/ml antibody concentration
      and 1:40 target: effector cell ratio. Finally, the effect of 3A4 on glucose
      stimulated insulin release in isolated rat islets was examined. At 16.7 mM
      glucose concentration, 3A4 significantly inhibited the insulin release in the
      absence or presence of complement. Therefore, 3A4 can not only bind but also be
      active to the target cells in the cytotoxicity and suppression of insulin
      release, and it can be a useful tool to clarify the pathogenesis of type 1
      diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, these results suggest that the relationship
      between islet cell surface antibody and cell-mediated immunity, especially
      immunoresponse against certain antigenic determinants on pancreatic B cells,
      seems to be important in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3888687
TI  - Our colleagues remember.

PMID- 3888688
TI  - Birth spacing and fertility limitation: a behavioral analysis of a nineteenth
      century frontier population.
AB  - Our analysis of changing birth interval distributions over the course of a
      fertility transition from natural to controlled fertility has examined three
      closely related propositions. First, within both natural fertility populations
      (identified at the aggregate level) and cohorts following the onset of fertility
      limitation, we hypothesized that substantial groups of women with long birth
      intervals across the individually specified childbearing careers could be
      identified. That is, even during periods when fertility behavior at the aggregate
      level is consistent with a natural fertility regime, birth intervals at all
      parities are inversely related to completed family size. Our tabular analysis
      enables us to conclude that birth spacing patterns are parity dependent; there is
      stability in CEB-parity specific mean and birth interval variance over the entire
      transition. Our evidence does not suggest that the early group of women limiting
      and spacing births was marked by infecundity. Secondly, the transition appears to
      be associated with an increasingly larger proportion of women shifting to the
      same spacing schedules associated with smaller families in earlier cohorts.
      Thirdly, variations in birth spacing by age of marriage indicate that changes in
      birth intervals over time are at least indirectly associated with age of
      marriage, indicating an additional compositional effect. The evidence we have
      presented on spacing behavior does not negate the argument that parity-dependent
      stopping behavior was a powerful factor in the fertility transition. Our data
      also provide evidence of attempts to truncate childbearing. Specifically, the
      smaller the completed family size, the longer the ultimate birth interval; and
      ultimate birth intervals increase across cohorts controlling CEB and parity. But
      spacing appears to represent an additional strategy of fertility limitation.
      Thus, it may be necessary to distinguish spacing and stopping behavior if one
      wishes to clarify behavioral patterns within a population (Edlefsen, 1981;
      Friedlander et al., 1980; Rodriguez and Hobcraft, 1980). Because fertility
      transition theories imply increased attempts to limit family sizes, it is
      important to examine differential behavior within subgroups achieving different
      family sizes. It is this level of analysis which we have attempted to achieve in
      utilizing parity-specific birth intervals controlled by children ever
      born.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3888689
TI  - [Optimal esthetics in metallo-ceramics by perfection of the coating technic].

PMID- 3888690
TI  - [Removable bridges in longevity tests. Advantages and disadvantages,
      alternatives].

PMID- 3888691
TI  - [Etched microretentive-created surface and good bonding].

PMID- 3888693
TI  - [Instruments, materials, and processing technics. What is new?].

PMID- 3888692
TI  - [Training dental technicians. 25. Restoration of function in in cast prostheses].

PMID- 3888694
TI  - [Applicability of the Thomsen Kamba block attachment].

PMID- 3888695
TI  - [Precision and cutting. A practical introduction for everyone].

PMID- 3888696
TI  - Rationale for designing cavity preparations.
AB  - Increased resistance to caries, increased dental awareness, superior diagnostic
      capabilities, better illumination, optical aids that significantly enhance
      vision, improved and standardized materials for restoration, and a deeper
      understanding of the caries process enable a far more conservative approach to
      tooth preparation. The dentist can concentrate on preserving as much sound tooth
      structure as possible with less attention being devoted to resistance and
      retention form that previously demanded in bulk restorations and massive channels
      and locks that are no longer appropriate. Although caries inhibitory effects have
      been shown with materials such as silicate cement, glass ionomers, and resins
      that leach fluoride, in general, dentists should not rely on restorative
      materials to inhibit the development of future decay. Characteristics of the
      carious lesion are unique for each tooth according to many factors centering
      around the plaque pattern for that tooth and not according to zones of natural
      susceptibility or immunity strictly dictated by morphology. Therefore, no single
      cavity preparation duplicated from a textbook is likely to be satisfactory for an
      individual tooth. Furthermore, novices learning the subject of cavity preparation
      often leave decalcified enamel when they attempt to replicate under clinical
      conditions that which they have learned in technique courses. This is the major
      invitation to future caries reappearing adjacent to restorations. Also, failure
      to duplicate the exact morphology of the tooth surface that has been replaced is
      likely to alter the pattern of plaque accumulation and create other caries prone
      areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3888697
TI  - Considerations and treatment of direct and indirect pulp-capping.
AB  - Depending on the clinical setting, vital pulp therapy can be managed with an
      indirect or direct pulp-capping procedure. The determination of which therapy to
      employ is a decision that must be made by the clinician at the time of treatment.
      It is hoped that the preceding discussion has informed the clinician as to both
      the indications and contraindications for each type of treatment and the
      rationale for selection. Because every possible clinical situation cannot be
      presented, it is anticipated that by understanding the principles presented in
      this article, the clinician will be able to correctly identify which therapeutic
      modality will most benefit the patient. Table 1 is presented as a quick reference
      to aid in selecting appropriate candidates for pulp-capping procedures.

PMID- 3888698
TI  - Restorative dentistry and the periodontium.
AB  - The balance of form and function in the relationship of the teeth to the
      periodontium must be recreated in artificial restorations in order to impart
      biologic health and comfortable function to the dentition. No aspect of the tooth
      is so remote from the periodontium that is has no influence on the health of the
      tissue.

PMID- 3888699
TI  - Restoration of endodontically treated teeth. A conservative approach.
AB  - Available long-term follow-up on the restoration of pulpless teeth is minimal
      when compared with traditional techniques such as cast crowns and amalgam
      restorations. It is important to note that no single technique is ideally suited
      to restore all pulpless teeth. The restorative technique selected should be
      designed so that functional forces do not put undue strain on the cusps, roots,
      or incisal edge of the tooth. In addition, pin-composite or pin-amalgam
      restorations and no crown may be used as the final restoration, even if not
      ideally suited as the treatment of choice in the following circumstances:
      Questionable endodontic or prosthodontic prognosis; Economic factors; Medically
      compromised patients; Teeth not receptive to dowels. Thus, with careful attention
      to diagnosis and treatment planning, various modalities of treatment may be
      utilized to conservatively restore the pulpless tooth.

PMID- 3888700
TI  - Preparation modifications for damaged vital posterior teeth.
AB  - The preservation of a severely damaged tooth with a cast restoration requires
      that the preparation be modified to make use of remaining tooth structure.
      Preexisting preparation features, such as boxes and isthmuses, and new ones, such
      as boxes, grooves, and pin holes, are employed to provide adequate retention and
      resistance. When destruction of coronal tooth structure exceeds one-half of the
      clinical crown, a pin-retained amalgam or composite resin core should be used to
      build up the tooth to receive a cast restoration.

PMID- 3888701
TI  - Retentive pins. Their use and misuse.
AB  - Retentive pins have brought with them both ecstasy and agony. Their history, use,
      and situations resulting from their misuse are reviewed in this article.
      Correction of common errors will prove useful to the reader.

PMID- 3888702
TI  - Veneering of teeth. State of the art.
AB  - Veneering of discolored, malformed, poorly restored, or broken-down teeth is now
      a reality in routine dental practice. Various types of veneers have been
      described. The most commonly used veneer has been described in detail. Properly
      placed veneers should provide patients with years of inexpensive, esthetic
      service. They are satisfying to dentists and patients, and their use should be
      encouraged.

PMID- 3888703
TI  - Etched castings. An alternative approach to treatment.
AB  - Resin-bonded restorations are a conservative alternative with excellent patient
      acceptance. Improvements in retainer design and electrolytic etching of cast
      metal allow these restorations to be utilized in a variety of clinical
      situations. The article reviews the development, indications and
      contraindications, design, and mouth preparation as well as variations of basic
      techniques, esthetics, and removal of retainers.

PMID- 3888704
TI  - Temporization techniques in fixed prosthodontics.
AB  - Temporary restorations are very important during the construction of final
      restorations. The success of the final restoration often depends on a well-made
      temporary. This article reviews the requirements, materials, and techniques
      available to the profession for temporary restorations.

PMID- 3888705
TI  - [Immune response to tetanus toxoid in bullous pemphigoid].

PMID- 3888707
TI  - Functional full denture prostheses.

PMID- 3888706
TI  - [Results of quantitative testicular imprint cytology].

PMID- 3888708
TI  - Domoprednate (Stermonid), a topical D-homocorticosteroid, skin atrophy and
      telangiectasia. A double-blind, randomized comparison with hydrocortisone
      butyrate, betamethasone valerate, clobetasole propionate and placebo.
AB  - Five corticosteroid ointments and placebo were compared in 17 volunteers with
      regard to their influence on normal skin under occlusive conditions. Each
      volunteer had six simultaneous applications on the forearms and six on the back.
      The trial was double-blind and lasted 4 weeks. The ointments were placed in
      randomized order. The treatments were 0.1 and 0.03% domoprednate, 0.1%
      hydrocortisone butyrate, 0.1% betamethasone valerate, 0.05% clobetasole
      propionate and placebo. Skin thickness was measured on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28,
      transepidermal water loss on days 0, 14 and 28, while blood flow and
      telangiectasias were evaluated only on day 28 at termination of the trial. The
      skin thickness became significantly reduced on all corticosteroids, but not on
      placebo; 0.03% domoprednate, however, tended to have an intermediate position
      between placebo and the other ointments. The transepidermal water loss did not
      change. Rating of telangiectasia under stereomicroscope showed a significantly
      lower score after 0.03% domoprednate and placebo as compared to the other
      ointments. Assessment of telangiectasia by laser-Doppler flowmetry showed a
      similar tendency. It is concluded that 0.1% domoprednate is comparable to other
      topical corticosteroids with respect to atrophogeneity and formation of
      telangiectasia, but the 0.03% concentration seems to result in fewer side
      effects.

PMID- 3888709
TI  - The treatment of psoriasis with 0.1% domoprednate (a D-homocorticosteroid) and
      0.1% betamethasone valerate ointment. A double-blind, randomized trial.
AB  - In 85 patients with psoriasis vulgaris the efficacy and tolerance of domoprednate
      and betamethasone valerate were studied in a double-blind, randomized trial
      lasting 4 weeks. Complete or satisfactory remission was obtained in 36% in the
      domoprednate group and in 53% in the betamethasone group. This difference is not
      statistically significant (p greater than 0.10). 3 patients on each treatment
      experienced some local irritation. No laboratory abnormalities were found during
      the study.

PMID- 3888710
TI  - Periodontal considerations in restorative dentistry.

PMID- 3888711
TI  - Anterior crowns: principles and practice. 3. Preparation of vital teeth.

PMID- 3888712
TI  - An attempt to infect turtles (Kinosternon leucostonum) with Mycobacterium leprae
      and M. lepraemurium.

PMID- 3888713
TI  - Absence of fetal movements and normal infants.
AB  - Pregnant women feel movements from about the fifth month of pregnancy. In cases
      of high-risk pregnancy daily recording of fetal movements is useful in monitoring
      fetal well-being. Complete cessation of fetal movements points to a severely
      distressed fetus and impending death. We report here five women in whom failure
      to experience fetal movements was present from the beginning of pregnancy, or
      occurred after fetal movements had been felt for several weeks during the
      pregnancy. All the women delivered normal infants with high Apgar score.

PMID- 3888714
TI  - Predicting in vitro tissue culture growth for cytogenetic evaluation of stillborn
      fetuses.
AB  - A prospective study was undertaken of 131 perinatal deaths to determine whether
      gestational age, body weight, maceration degree and autopsy interval influenced
      successful in vitro tissue culture for cytogenetic evaluation. Perinatal
      populations were categorized as neonatal death (NND), fresh stillbirth (FSB), or
      graded as macerated stillbirth (MAC-0, MAC-1, MAC-2, MAC-3). Metaphase production
      by at least 15 cells separated 'growth' from 'no growth' categories after
      sampling liver, kidney and spleen. Body weight and degree of maceration were
      predictive of successful 'growth', while gestational age and autopsy interval
      were not. Body weight was significant in separating 'growth' from 'no growth' in
      NND (P = 0.05), FSB, MAC-0 and MAC-1 (P = 0.01). Growth probabilities were 0.78
      (NND), 0.57 (FSB), 0.49 (MAC-0), 0.38 (MAC-1) and zero for MAC-2 and MAC-3. We
      conclude that (a) tissues from MAC-2 and MAC-3 fetuses do not grow and thus need
      not be sampled at autopsy, (b) maceration degree and body weight can be used to
      predict the growth probability in the other categories, (c) tissue samples can be
      taken during daylight hours, since autopsy interval does not influence successful
      growth provided the fetus is refrigerated at 4 degrees C, (d) all of the above
      conclusions have cost-efficiency implications for cytogenetic laboratories.

PMID- 3888715
TI  - Nonimmune hydrops fetalis--a rational attitude of management.
AB  - A rational attitude of management of the nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) is
      stressed in order to achieve an optimal outcome of both the mother and the
      newborn. Of the two cases reported, both had an underlying cardiac condition. The
      first was due to rapid supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and responded favorably
      to intrauterine medication with digoxin and the subsequent delivery of a well
      baby. In the second case, cesarean section was performed unnecessarily for a
      fetal indication, since the hydropic infant died soon after birth from a severe
      cardiac malformation which was not unequivocally diagnosed prior to birth.

PMID- 3888716
TI  - Intracellular fatty acid-binding proteins.

PMID- 3888717
TI  - Activation of mammalian RNA polymerases by polyamines.

PMID- 3888718
TI  - Evidence of a high molecular weight form of acrosin in boar acrosomal extract.
AB  - Acrosomal extracts of freshly ejaculated and immediately processed boar
      spermatozoa were investigated to detect which and how many acrosin molecular
      forms were present. Electrophoretic analyses of the acrosomal extract showed the
      presence of only one, slowly migrating, acrosin molecular form. Enzyme-linked
      immuno-electro-transfer blot revealed the molecular weight of this form to be
      about 66 kdalton. Preliminary electrophoretic analyses under nondenaturating
      conditions of the acrosomal extract previously treated with thermolysin suggested
      that the approximately 66 kdalton form gives rise to two comigrating acrosin
      molecular forms.

PMID- 3888719
TI  - Production of monoclonal antibodies in large-scale cell culture.

PMID- 3888720
TI  - The LFA-1, Mac-1 leucocyte adhesion glycoprotein family and its deficiency in a
      heritable human disease.

PMID- 3888721
TI  - Endopeptidase-24.11 and neuropeptide metabolism.

PMID- 3888722
TI  - The active site of endopeptidase-24.11: substrate and inhibitor studies.

PMID- 3888723
TI  - Metabolism of neuropeptides at brain and pituitary sites.

PMID- 3888724
TI  - Neurotensin degradation by soluble and membrane-associated enzymes from the
      brain.

PMID- 3888725
TI  - Collagen implantation in patients treated previously with silicone.
AB  - This multicentric, open study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Zyderm
      Collagen Implant (ZCI) in 158 patients with contour deficiencies of the dermis
      and a history of silicone fluid therapy. Following test implantation with ZCI,
      thirty-seven patients dropped out, including four patients who exhibited untoward
      responses to the implant material. Hence, 121 patients completed the course of
      therapy and were available for efficacy and safety evaluation. At 2-week
      intervals. ZCI was implanted intradermally in 327 sites; 186 (57%) were the
      identical sites that had been injected previously with silicone fluid. In 89% of
      patients, five injections or less of ZCI produced favourable clinical results.
      Moreover, of 176 sites injected five times or less, a consistent pattern of
      progressive improvement was observed with each additional injection, regardless
      of the aetiology of dermal lesions. Furthermore, no undesirable textural or
      pigmentary changes were apparent at any of the 327 treatment sites. An adverse
      effect consisting of localized swelling, induration and erythema at implantation
      sites occurred in one patient, but resolved spontaneously.

PMID- 3888726
TI  - A comparative study of two dosage levels of ibuprofen syrup in children with
      pyrexia.
AB  - In a study of the antipyretic effect of two dosage levels of ibuprofen syrup in
      children with fever due to a variety of causes, forty-four out of the fifty
      children admitted completed the 24-hour trial period, twenty-three receiving 20
      mg ibuprofen/kg body-weight, twenty-one receiving 30 mg/kg ibuprofen. Both dosage
      levels gave highly significant (p less than 0.001) reductions in rectal
      temperatures, with a statistically significant reduction, at the 5% level, in
      favour of the higher dose at 12 and 20 hours. No side-effects were reported at
      either dosage level, and the taste was acceptable to all the children. It is
      concluded that ibuprofen was a useful and effective antipyretic drug in the
      population studied, and that the higher dosage is preferable to the lower, being
      more effective, equally palatable, and giving rise to no side-effects in this
      study.

PMID- 3888727
TI  - Treatment of premenstrual syndrome using danazol: preliminary report of a placebo
      controlled, double-blind, dose ranging study.

PMID- 3888728
TI  - Danol for premenstrual syndrome: a preliminary report of a placebo-controlled
      double-blind study.

PMID- 3888729
TI  - Toxicity of tricyclic antidepressants: are there important differences?

PMID- 3888730
TI  - Comparison of limbitrol (chlordiazepoxide/amitriptyline) and amitriptyline alone
      as a single night-time dose for the treatment of depression with anxiety.
AB  - Four hundred and thirty-four patients suffering from mild to moderate depression
      were recruited into a double-blind multicentre general practice study and
      randomly received either Limbitrol (25 mg amitriptyline and 10 mg
      chlordiazepoxide) or amitriptyline 25 mg in matching white capsules given as a
      single night-time dose. The dose was titrated to a maximum of four capsules per
      night. Patients were assessed on entry and at 7-day intervals for depressive
      state (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression), cardiovascular effect and side
      effects for 28 days. Self-assessments of depression and anxiety using the Leeds
      Scale were made in the form of a patient questionnaire. Both groups showed
      significant improvement at each visit and significantly more patients improved
      after 7 days in the Limbitrol group. There was no significant difference in
      treatment over all between groups, in the incidence of side-effects, or in the
      effects on the heart.

PMID- 3888731
TI  - A comparative study of once versus twice daily treatment of superficial
      dermatophyte and yeast infections with tioconazole (1%) cream.
AB  - Two open, multicentre studies were performed to evaluate the efficacy of 1%
      tioconazole cream (Trosyd, Pfizer) as a once daily treatment for patients with
      common superficial dermatophyte and yeast infections (t. pedis, t. versicolor, t.
      corporis, t. cruris, candidiasis). In Study I, forty-eight patients were treated
      once daily and forty-nine were treated twice daily. The clinical response rate at
      the last treatment visit was 96% and 98%, respectively, in the two treatment
      groups. In Study II, all 107 patients were treated once daily, and the clinical
      response rate was 95% at the last treatment visit. The mycological cure rates
      were 85% and 91% in the Study I groups, and 94% in Study II. At the long-term
      follow-up evaluation (approximately 4 weeks after treatment) favourable clinical
      responses were seen in 88% of patients in both the Study I groups, and in 94% of
      patients in Study II. Long-term mycological cures were seen in 80% of patients in
      both groups of Study I, and in 94% of patients in Study II. Side-effects of
      treatment were generally transient, mild and coincident with disease symptoms,
      and occurred in six patients (6%) in Study I and in four patients (4%) in Study
      II. The results of both studies have shown no clinically or statistically
      significant differences in toleration or efficacy between once daily and twice
      daily treatment regimens with 1% tioconazole cream for the treatment of
      superficial dermatophyte infections.

PMID- 3888732
TI  - Role of protein synthesis and proteases in production and inactivation of
      maturation-promoting activity during meiotic maturation of starfish oocytes.
AB  - In starfish oocytes, activity of the maturation-promoting factor (MPF) and that
      of a major cAMP-independent protein kinase dropped at the time of meiotic
      cleavage, and rose again after the first but not the second meiotic cleavage.
      Protein synthesis was required before the first meiotic cleavage for both MPF and
      protein kinase activity to rise again after the first meiotic cleavage.
      Microinjection of either leupeptin or soybean trypsin inhibitor early enough
      prior to first polar body emission suppressed both the meiotic cleavage and the
      associated drop of MPF activity. Microinjection of leupeptin or soybean trypsin
      inhibitor during the 10-min period before the first meiotic cleavage also
      suppressed cytokinesis but did not prevent a decrease in MPF activity at the
      normal time of cytokinesis. The lysosomotropic inhibitor ammonia neither
      suppressed cytokinesis nor the drop of MPF activity at the time of first meiotic
      cleavage. Activity of neutral proteases sensitive to leupeptin and soybean
      trypsin inhibitor was demonstrated in oocyte homogenates prepared at the time of
      first meiotic cleavage. It is proposed that such proteases might be involved in
      degradation of protein kinase(s) and in the drop of MPF activity at the time of
      first meiotic cleavage.

PMID- 3888733
TI  - Gestational diabetes mellitus. Heterogeneity of maternal age, weight, insulin
      secretion, HLA antigens, and islet cell antibodies and the impact of maternal
      metabolism on pancreatic B-cell and somatic development in the offspring.
AB  - We have examined gravida with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), as defined by
      the National Diabetes Data Group (Diabetes 1979; 28:1039), for phenotypic and
      genotypic heterogeneity. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at diagnosis was used for
      further stratification of GDM according to putative metabolic severity into class
      A1 (FPG less than 105 mg/dl [N = 129]), class A2 (FPG 105-129 mg/dl [N = 47]),
      and class B1 (FPG greater than or equal to 130 mg/dl [N = 23]). All GDM classes
      tended to be older and heavier than consecutive gravida with documented normal
      glucose tolerance (controls, N = 148). Subdivision into "lean" and "obese"
      indicated that plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) was greater after overnight
      fast in the obese of all groups except B1. However, absolute increases in IRI
      above fasting levels in response to glucose during OGTT were significantly
      enhanced by obesity only in class A2 gravida. Adjustment for the effects of age
      and weight by covariate analysis indicated that the IRI response to glycemic
      stimulation is usually attenuated in all forms of GDM. Mean values for increases
      in IRI above fasting values during the first 15 min and IRI increments relative
      to the increases in plasma glucose throughout the 180-min OGTT were below control
      values in all GDM groups and progressively so, i.e., A1 less than A2 less than
      B1. The absolute insulinopenia was not invariable; a small number of gravida from
      all GDM groups displayed well-preserved IRI responses to oral glucose. Genotypic
      evaluation of the GDM population disclosed an increased occurrence of "markers"
      known to be associated with type I diabetes mellitus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3888734
TI  - Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Comparative evaluation of two treatment
      regimens, diet versus insulin and diet.
AB  - Two-hundred and two pregnant women with impaired glucose tolerance were
      randomized to treatment with diet or diet and insulin by stratified selection.
      Self-monitoring of blood glucose was performed six times a day, 3 days/wk.
      Dietary treatment was considered inappropriate if fasting and postprandial blood
      glucose values exceeded 7 and 9 mmol/L, respectively, in which case insulin
      therapy was instituted. Insulin doses were adjusted according to blood glucose
      values, aiming at fasting and postprandial values below 5 and 6.5 mmol/L,
      respectively. There were no perinatal deaths. The two treatment regimens
      disclosed no differences regarding achieved degree of maternal blood glucose
      control, hemoglobin A1c at delivery, obstetric or neonatal complications,
      infant's size at birth including skin-fold thickness, or C-peptide concentration
      in cord serum. Routine treatment of pregnant women with mild carbohydrate
      intolerance with insulin seems unnecessary. However, 15 patients (14%) in the
      diet group needed insulin to achieve acceptable blood glucose control,
      underlining the importance of monitoring blood glucose to detect those who are at
      risk of developing overt diabetes.

PMID- 3888735
TI  - Long-range implications for the mother. The Aberdeen experience.
AB  - One hundred twelve women with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) diagnosed by
      intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) after pregnancy were followed up for a
      period of up to 22 yr (mean 12.9 yr). About one-third have been treated with
      chlorpropamide and the others by diet only. At the final assessment,
      approximately 35% had abnormal intravenous glucose tolerance and less than 7%
      overt diabetes. Chlorpropamide did not prove significantly more effective than
      diet only. Factors associated with deterioration in glucose tolerance were age at
      diagnosis and follow-up and the initial fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level
      (greater than or equal to 5.8 mM), but obesity was less important, although it
      was associated with an increased rate of vascular complications. Tests for islet
      cell antibodies (ICA) were weakly positive in 12.5% of 72 subjects and in only
      0.5% of an unselected population; they did not correlate with the final state of
      glucose tolerance. Only three patients developed insulin-dependent diabetes
      (IDDM) and did so before the ICA study was started. A comparison is made between
      the results reported by O'Sullivan in patients diagnosed as having gestational
      diabetes, only 2% of whom still had abnormal oral glucose tolerance postpartum,
      and the results of our patients, all of whom had IGT after pregnancy. In spite of
      differences of technique and in the populations studied, the prevalence of IGT
      and overt diabetes at follow-up was significantly less in the Aberdeen series,
      who were initially a higher risk group. It seems probable that this is mainly
      attributable to dietary treatment in the follow-up period as O'Sullivan's cases
      were treated only during pregnancy.

PMID- 3888737
TI  - Long-term effect of diabetes and pregnancy in the rat.
AB  - Islet hyperplasia and B-cell degranulation were found in the fetuses of the third
      generation from mothers (second generation) born to a diabetic mother (first
      generation) regardless of the origin of the father, while pancreatic islets were
      normal in fetuses from control mothers, even when the father was an offspring of
      a diabetic mother. These data support the hypothesis that in our experimental
      model overstimulation of the fetal endocrine pancreas results in long-term
      consequences to the third generation.

PMID- 3888736
TI  - Gestational diabetes mellitus. Correlations between the phenotypic and genotypic
      characteristics of the mother and abnormal glucose tolerance during the first
      year postpartum.
AB  - We evaluated glucose tolerance during the first year postpartum in 113 women with
      gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosed according to the criteria of the
      First International Workshop-Conference on GDM and the National Diabetes Data
      Group. The high incidence of abnormal postpartum glucose tolerance (38% "diabetes
      mellitus" plus 19% "impaired glucose tolerance") was correlated with certain of
      the heterogeneous characteristics of the population at the time of antepartum
      diagnosis. Virtually all women with antepartum fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
      greater than or equal to 130 mg/dl (GDM class B1) remained abnormal postpartum
      (21/22 [95%]), which suggests that this group may include women with preexisting
      glucose intolerance unrecognized before pregnancy. In the remainder, those with
      FPG greater than or equal to 105-129 mg/dl (GDM class A2) were more likely to be
      abnormal postpartum than those with FPG less than 105 mg/dl (GDM class A1).
      Within the A1 and A2 groups, increasing maternal age, relative insulinopenia, and
      hyperglycemia at 2 h during antepartum OGTT were also associated with a greater
      likelihood of abnormal glucose tolerance postpartum. The presence of HLA-DR3
      and/or -DR4 antigens was not predictive of the status of glucose tolerance during
      the first year postpartum, although the increased frequency of cytoplasmic islet
      cell antibodies in A2 and B1 subjects was associated with a high incidence of
      abnormal postpartum glucoregulation. The high incidence of abnormal postpartum
      glucose tolerance in all GDM classes makes a compelling case for careful, early,
      and continuing follow-up of all women with a diagnosis of GDM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3888738
TI  - Is there an animal model for gestational diabetes?
AB  - This article reviews the effects of pregnancy on carbohydrate metabolism and
      insulin production in the normal rat and discusses some animal models of
      potential value for the study of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Against the
      background of current clinical and laboratory experiences it is suggested that
      GDM reflects a deficiency in islet B-cell proliferation in response to the
      increased insulin requirement during pregnancy. Although this hypothesis lends
      itself for testing in animal experiments, a suitable animal model for GDM needs
      to be described.

PMID- 3888739
TI  - Consequences of perturbations of fetal fuels in ovine pregnancy.
AB  - Maternal or fetal substrate infusions into chronically catheterized fetal lambs
      have recently been performed in order to examine the effects of excessive fetal
      substrate presentation on fetal metabolism and metabolic rate. The degree of
      maternal hyperglycemia in this animal model has been shown to relate to the
      degree of fetal hyperglycemia and to the magnitude of fetal glucose utilization.
      Series of direct fetal glucose infusions were performed designed to mimic the
      development of moderate maternal hyperglycemia. These studies suggest that fetal
      glucose excess stimulates fetal oxidative metabolism with increases in fetal
      glucose and lactate entry and stimulation of fetal oxygen consumption. If severe,
      fetal lamb hyperglycemia may result in fetal hypoxia with metabolic acidosis and
      fetal demise. The metabolic goal of the stimulation of fetal oxidation may relate
      to increases in fetal activity such as respiration, excessive fetal growth, and
      other factors, as yet unidentified. Insulin or catecholamines may be mediators of
      at least some of these events. Chronic infusion studies regarding other potential
      fetal fuels have not yet been performed. The chronically catheterized glucose
      infused fetal lamb may offer insights into the metabolic derangements observed
      and suspected in infants born to women with gestational and insulin-requiring
      diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3888740
TI  - Effects of hyperinsulinemia in the primate fetus.
AB  - Nonhuman primate models of gestational diabetes have produced fetopathies most
      similar to those of the human infant of the mother with gestational diabetes
      (IGDM). Fetal hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, macrosomia, selective
      organomegaly, intrauterine death, and placental hyperplasia are hallmarks of the
      fetopathy of the IGDM. The chronic infusion of insulin into the fetus of a normal
      pregnant rhesus monkey results in fetal hyperinsulinemia with normal to low
      plasma metabolic substrate concentrations. Under these conditions, fetal
      hyperinsulinemia is sufficient to cause fetal growth and hormone changes observed
      in the human IGDM. Our studies provide evidence that the soft tissue hyperplasia
      in the fetal macrosomia syndromes in humans and nonhuman primates in which fetal
      hyperinsulinemia is observed is the direct result of that chronic in utero
      hyperinsulinemia.

PMID- 3888741
TI  - Relationship between maternal and fetal fuels and placental glucose transfer in
      rats with maternal diabetes of varying severity.
AB  - Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a nonhomogeneous entity known to affect
      fetal development in different ways in both rats and human beings. The degree of
      severity of diabetes could affect the maternal-fetal transfer of metabolic fuels
      and consequently influence fetal development. To study this hypothesis, pregnant
      rats were made diabetic by streptozocin (STZ) treatment (45 mg/kg) at day 7 of
      gestation and were treated with different daily doses of insulin until the 20th
      day of gestation, when they were killed and examined. Differences in plasma
      glucose levels in the groups studied were not accompanied by differences in
      plasma glycerol, beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB), or total amino acid levels in
      mothers or their fetuses. Fetal/maternal ratios of these circulating fuels were
      not modified by maternal diabetes, whereas the glucose level was enhanced in
      diabetic rats not treated with insulin. Placental glucose transfer was studied
      directly with a recently reported in situ experimental design and was found to
      increase linearly with maternal glycemia, independently of whether this was
      modified by insulin treatment or by acute intravenous (i.v.) infusion of glucose
      in normal animals. Lactate production by the fetal/placental unit decreased in
      proportion to the glucose level in the maternal circulation. The present data
      indicate that the diabetic condition of the mother rat does not modify the
      mechanisms of placental transfer of metabolic fuels to the fetus, and that the
      actual transfer is mainly dependent on the concentrations of these fuels in the
      maternal circulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3888742
TI  - Antepartum fetal surveillance in gestational diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Pregnancy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with
      increased perinatal morbidity. Whether the perinatal mortality rate, particularly
      the fetal death rate, is greater in these patients remains controversial. The
      present study was undertaken to review the role of antepartum fetal monitoring in
      69 patients with GDM controlled by diet only (class A) and 28 women requiring
      insulin therapy (class AB). Hypertension complicated 21.6% of these pregnancies.
      Antepartum fetal surveillance included outpatient nonstress testing, urinary
      estriol assays, maternal assessment of fetal activity, and clinical estimation of
      fetal weight. All insulin-requiring patients as well as fourteen class A patients
      with identifiable risk factors underwent testing. No perinatal deaths occurred.
      Only six patients required intervention for suspected fetal jeopardy and four of
      these women had hypertension. Macrosomia was correctly identified in only 6 of 16
      infants weighing 4000 g or more. This study suggests that, in GDM, an outpatient
      program of fetal testing, using primarily the nonstress test and maternal
      assessment of fetal activity, can be employed in patients requiring insulin as
      well as class A patients with identifiable risk factors. This protocol resulted
      in a low rate of unnecessary intervention and good perinatal outcome. The risks
      for abnormal antepartum testing results appear increased in GDM with hypertension
      and prolonged pregnancy.

PMID- 3888743
TI  - Gestational diabetes mellitus. Is further improvement necessary?
AB  - The maternal antepartum, intrapartum, and neonatal characteristics of 158
      patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) attending a large teaching
      hospital between 1979 and 1983 were described and compared with a matched
      nondiabetic control group. The primary cesarean section rate in patients with GDM
      (18%) was significantly greater than in the control group (11%, P less than
      0.04). Neonatal macrosomia, as reflected in mean birthweight (P less than 0.04),
      the number of neonates weighing greater than 4 kg (P less than 0.05) and large
      for-gestational-age infants (P less than 0.05), and the birthweight adjusted for
      gestational age (K-score, P less than 0.01) was significantly increased in the
      diabetic group. The characteristics of patients with GDM treated with diet alone
      and diet and insulin together were examined. The insulin-therapy group was
      characterized by more patients older than 25 yr (P less than 0.01) and a higher
      mean birthweight (3743 +/- 677 g) (P less than 0.02) than the diet-alone group.
      This may reflect an increased magnitude of glucose intolerance in the insulin
      treated group. Obese patients with GDM delivered heavier neonates than the
      nonobese patients with GDM (P less than 0.01). Although there was no difference
      between the groups, perinatal mortality was present in this study. These data
      indicate that the major perinatal morbidity in GDM included increased cesarean
      section for fetal macrosomia. Early diagnosis with strict diagnostic criteria and
      rigid antenatal surveillance may result in further improvements in outcome.

PMID- 3888744
TI  - Etiology and pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus.
AB  - In pregnancy, several physiologic changes take place, the sum of which tends to
      reset the glucose homeostasis in the direction of diabetes. About 1-2% of all
      pregnant women develop an abnormal glucose tolerance in pregnancy, but most often
      glucose tolerance returns to normal postpartum. This condition is called
      gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The possibility that glucose tolerance
      deteriorates in pregnancy because of diabetes-like changes in the secretory
      function of the endocrine pancreas has been investigated in healthy controls and
      in normal-weight gestational diabetic subjects. The insulin responses to oral
      glucose and mixed meals are equally large in these two groups, but the insulin
      response per unit of glycemic stimulus is significantly lower in the gestational
      diabetic subjects than in the controls. Diabetes-like changes in glucagon
      secretion are not observed in either group. Insulin degradation is unaffected by
      human pregnancy and the proinsulin share of the total plasma insulin
      immunoreactivity does not increase in pregnancy. Insulin receptor binding to
      monocytes from normal pregnant women is increased in midpregnancy but is
      significantly decreased in late pregnancy. No difference in insulin binding (at
      tracer insulin concentration) to monocytes from healthy pregnant controls and
      gestational diabetic subjects is found. The insulin concentration necessary to
      reduce tracer insulin binding by 50% (ID50) is lower in the gestational diabetic
      subjects diagnosed in late pregnancy than in the pregnant controls. Together,
      these findings indicate that the number of insulin receptors on monocytes is
      decreased in GDM at this stage of pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3888745
TI  - Geographic, ethnic, and racial variations in the incidence of gestational
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The prevalence of diabetes and of gestational diabetes varies considerably
      between countries and within countries. There are also major national and
      international differences in the important end points of fetal or neonatal death
      and congenital fetal abnormality. These differences relate to multiple factors,
      of which diabetes or gestational diabetes represents only a part of the total
      pathologic effect. There is also international disagreement on the most
      appropriate diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes. The main uncertainty is
      whether to adopt the World Health Organization figures, e.g., venous plasma
      glucose 2 h after 75 g glucose greater than or equal to 140 mg/dl (8.0 mmol/L) as
      gestational impaired glucose tolerance, and greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl
      (11.0 mmol/L) as gestational diabetes, or to use the Boston figures, e.g., venous
      plasma glucose 2 h after 100 g glucose greater than or equal to 165 mg/dl (9.5
      mmol/L) as gestational diabetes. It is hoped that standards for pathologic
      hyperglycemia in pregnancy can be agreed on for use in all countries for all
      populations.

PMID- 3888747
TI  - The effect of diet and insulin on metabolic profiles of women with gestational
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Twenty women with abnormal glucose tolerance, detected from a routine program of
      antenatal screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at 28 wk, were
      admitted for 24-h metabolic profiles. They were then alternately allocated to
      either insulin and dietary restriction or dietary restriction alone and then
      retested 4 wk later while on therapy. Ten normal controls were assessed twice at
      similar gestations to the study group. Before treatment, the 20 gestational
      diabetic subjects had higher mean concentrations of plasma glucose and 3
      hydroxybutyrate than the controls for most of the profile, but mean insulin
      values were similar. Insulin therapy was associated with a reduction in mean
      glucose concentrations so that the profile was similar to the controls, while in
      the diet-alone group the reduction was less. The 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations
      rose between profiles in the normal group and also rose in those treated by diet
      alone, but still remained within the upper range of normal even at night. Insulin
      therapy resulted in a similar 3-hydroxybutyrate profile to the controls. The C
      peptide response to breakfast was reduced in both groups to levels below that of
      the controls. Neonatal outcome indices were similar in the two treatment groups,
      despite the differences in maternal metabolites, but because of the size of this
      study, conclusions about the neonate must be tentative.

PMID- 3888746
TI  - Metabolic and therapeutic assessment of gestational diabetes by two-hour and
      twenty-four-hour isocaloric meal tolerance tests.
AB  - Lean and obese women with gestational diabetes (GDM) were given two different
      isocaloric meal challenge tests to assess glucose and insulin responses. Forty
      three pregnant women received a 400-kcal isocaloric breakfast meal tolerance test
      (mini-MTT). Twenty of the subjects were also given a 2000-kcal isocaloric diet
      with three meals and three snacks during a 24-h period (maxi-MTT). This was the
      first study to utilize the physiologic challenge of mixed meals to compare
      insulin and glucose responses of both obese and lean normal pregnant women and
      women with GDM around the clock. Normal obese pregnant women had higher
      integrated glucose and insulin values around the 24-h clock (P less than 0.003
      and less than 0.03, respectively) than lean pregnant women. Lean and obese women
      with GDM also responded differently to the physiologic challenge of mixed meals.
      Some, but not all, obese diabetic subjects were markedly hyperinsulinemic in
      contrast to lean diabetic women who were relatively insulin deficient. One
      normoglycemic massively obese 18-yr-old pregnant woman was unexpectedly found to
      be severely hyperinsulinemic. The two meal tolerance tests clearly defined a
      delay in the release of insulin in women with GDM (lean and obese) and markedly
      different quantitative insulin responses to identical meal challenges in obese
      diabetic subjects. Maternal hyperinsulinemia was positively correlated with
      prepregnancy body mass index (kg/m2) and heavier infants, but not with plasma
      glucose levels. These studies provide evidence that GDM is a heterogeneous
      syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3888748
TI  - The immunogenicity of new insulins.
AB  - Treatment with conventional insulin preparations results in appreciable insulin
      antibody formation in nearly all subjects. High titers of insulin antibodies are
      undesirable. They might induce insulin allergy and insulin resistance, and they
      influence metabolic regulation. Also, lipoatrophy is related to the
      immunogenicity of insulin preparations. Insulin antibodies are transferred from
      insulin-treated diabetic mothers to the fetus and contribute to the increase of
      free plasma insulin in the fetus, thus influencing the development of macrosomia
      and neonatal hypoglycemia. Therefore, the risk of insulin antibody formation
      should be reduced. This is possible by using purified, nonbeef insulin
      preparations. The risk of insulin allergy, insulin resistance, lipoatrophy, and
      prolonged hypoglycemia in mother and child is reduced by treating pregnant
      diabetic subjects with purified pork or human insulin preparations. The reduction
      of insulin requirement that accompanies the change from conventional insulin to
      purified nonbeef insulin treatment will compensate to some extent for the higher
      costs of new insulins.

PMID- 3888749
TI  - Therapeutic results of insulin therapy in gestational diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Most studies of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have reported a marked
      reduction in perinatal mortality with appropriate dietary regimens and good
      medical and obstetrical surveillance. Nevertheless, fetal morbidity, including
      macrosomia, has remained high and appears to be linked to factors other than
      plasma glucose control. In a review of six investigations in which insulin
      therapy was combined with an appropriate diet, the incidence of fetal macrosomia
      was reduced in five studies as compared with diet-only treatments. Again, the
      improvement did not always correlate with altered plasma glucose profiles. Other
      studies suggest that maternal plasma substrate disturbances other than glucose
      may contribute to the development of fetal macrosomia. To what extent insulin
      administration reduces morbidity by containing circulating maternal fuels, such
      as lipids and amino acids, in a more normal range remains to be determined.
      Moreover, the role of diet, maternal obesity, and weight gain during pregnancy
      adds to the complexity of factors influencing obstetrical outcome in gestational
      diabetes. Until the relative importance of all of these variables is adequately
      assessed, criteria for selection of women with pregnancy-onset diabetes for
      insulin therapy are most likely to be based on fasting and postprandial plasma
      glucose concentrations.

PMID- 3888750
TI  - The epidemiology of spina bifida in south-western Ohio--1970-1979.
AB  - Multiple epidemiological variables of 131 children with spina bifida born during
      1970 and 1979 in a seven-county urban/rural region of south-western Ohio were
      analyzed retrospectively via personal interviews, hospital and clinic records,
      and birth and stillbirth certificates. The estimated incidence of spina bifida
      was 0.69/1000. It did not vary over the 10 years, seasonally, or in the urban vs.
      rural areas. The incidence for whites was three times that for non-whites.
      Reporting of spina bifida on the birth certificate was found for 52 per cent.
      Fetal loss in the children's mothers was similar to that for controls. However,
      there was a high number of therapeutic abortions just prior to the conception of
      the child with spina bifida. Oral contraceptives were used in the early months of
      the affected pregnancy more frequently than in controls. Recurrence risk was 3.2
      per cent. Almost 12 per cent of the children with spina bifida had other major
      malformations. Even when the deceased probands were discounted, the malformation
      rate was higher than in the general population. Siblings of affected children had
      a less impressive but still increased rate of malformations.

PMID- 3888751
TI  - Head-banging, head-rolling and breath-holding spells.

PMID- 3888752
TI  - [Effect of a specific serine protease inhibitor on the rat pancreas. II.
      Influence of camostate on the endocrine pancreas].
AB  - Chronic oral administration of camostate, a specific serine protease inhibitor,
      is known to induce pancreas hypertrophy in rats. A possible influence of the
      protease inhibitor on the endocrine rat pancreas was studied using isolated
      perfused pancreas and islet incubations. The presence of camostate had no direct
      effect on the glucose-induced insulin release in vitro in concentrations from 1
      microM to 1 mM, but enhanced the basal insulin release from islets cultured over
      24 h in media containing the protease inhibitor (100 microM). Administration of
      camostate over 14 days to rats induced a remarkable hypertrophy of the pancreas
      without influencing plasma insulin or gastric inhibitory polypeptide levels and
      insulin concentration of the pancreas. Glucose-stimulated insulin release from
      the perfused pancreas was not increased despite significantly higher total
      insulin content. It is concluded that camostate exerts no direct effect on the
      glucose-stimulated insulin release and that chronic administration of the
      compound induces pancreas hypertrophy in vivo without influencing insulin
      release.

PMID- 3888753
TI  - Effect of acarbose on biochemical responses and clinical symptoms in dumping
      syndrome.
AB  - A dose of 50 mg of acarbose was administered with a standard breakfast to 13
      subjects with dumping syndrome. Significant attenuation of hyperglycaemia (p less
      than 0.01) was observed, and rises in plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide,
      insulin and enteroglycagon were reduced (p less than 0.05). Plasma levels of
      neurotensin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and somatostatin were not
      affected. Dumping score was reduced, but this did not achieve statistical
      significance. In a longer-term study, 9 patients took acarbose, 50 mg t.i.d., for
      1 month. No significant reduction in the number or severity of dumping attacks
      was observed, but a majority expressed a preference for the drug and some
      individuals experienced a marked improvement of symptoms.

PMID- 3888754
TI  - Hyperglycaemia as an inducer as well as a consequence of impaired islet cell
      function and insulin resistance: implications for the management of diabetes.
AB  - It is postulated that hyperglycaemia influences the natural history of Type 1
      (insulin-dependent) and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.
      Hyperglycaemia, even when mild, can attenuate the secretory response of
      pancreatic beta and alpha cells to increments in glucose and can impair insulin
      mediated glucose transport, thus impeding its own correction and initiating a
      cycle of progressive self-exacerbation and metabolic deterioration. Both reduced
      islet function and insulin action may be the consequence of a generalized down
      regulation and/or occupation of glucose transporters by hyperglycaemia so that
      the islets respond less to further increments in glycaemia. The postulated
      hyperglycaemic cycle can be initiated by any environmental perturbation that
      increases insulin demand in previously normoglycaemic patients in whom insulin
      secretion has already reached a maximum level of compensation for peripheral
      insulin resistance (as in obese pre-Type 2 diabetes) or for a reduced beta-cell
      mass (as in pre-Type 1 diabetes). Elimination of hyperglycaemia by any means can
      halt this cycle of progressive metabolic deterioration and may restore
      transiently metabolic recompensation both in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. There is
      experimental evidence that long-standing severe hyperglycaemia may irreversibly
      damage beta cells.

PMID- 3888755
TI  - Severe hyperprolactinaemia is associated with decreased insulin binding in vitro
      and insulin resistance in vivo.
AB  - We studied insulin receptor binding and carbohydrate metabolism in 10 patients
      with severe hyperprolactinaemia and compared the findings with those obtained in
      20 healthy control subjects. Insulin binding to monocytes and erythrocytes was
      significantly decreased in the patients with an excess of prolactin. Scatchard
      analysis of binding data indicated that a decrease in the number of receptors
      rather than in receptor affinity seems to be the prevailing cause of lowered
      binding in hyperprolactinaemic patients. Furthermore, patients with severe
      hyperprolactinaemia demonstrated significantly elevated blood glucose levels
      following oral or intravenous glucose load despite having significantly increased
      insulin levels after glucose administration. The infusion of insulin induced a
      delayed hypoglycaemic effect and a decreased inhibition of endogenous insulin
      secretion, as indicated by the suppression of C-peptide in the
      hyperprolactinaemic patients. The present data indicate that severe
      hyperprolactinaemia is associated with an insulin-resistant state, which seems to
      be caused, at least in part, by a down-regulation of insulin receptors.

PMID- 3888756
TI  - Changes in the activity of 'active' pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the newborn
      of normal and diabetic rats.
AB  - At birth, hepatic 'active' and 'dichloracetate-activated' pyruvate dehydrogenase
      complex activities in the newborn of normal, mildly diabetic, and severely
      diabetic rats were similar. The 'active' and 'dichloracetate-activated' pyruvate
      dehydrogenase complex activities increased significantly during the first 2 and 6
      postnatal h, respectively in the three groups of neonates (p less than 0.05). The
      greatest increase in both 'active' and 'dichloroacetate-activated' pyruvate
      dehydrogenase complex activity was observed in the neonates of mildly diabetic
      rats. Administration of glucose or insulin at birth to the newborn of normal rats
      caused a significant increase in the percentage of 'active' pyruvate
      dehydrogenase complex activity within 1 h (p less than 0.01). Similar treatment
      caused no significant increases in the newborn of severely diabetic rats. The
      transient increases in 'active' pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity in the
      neonates of normal and diabetic rats were consistent with rapid disappearance of
      blood lactate during the first hours of postnatal life.

PMID- 3888757
TI  - Stimulation of insulin release by an organic calcium agonist.
AB  - The calcium-agonist 4-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,4,5,7-tetrahydro-2-methyl-5
      oxo-fu ro[ 3,4-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid ethylester provoked, in the 1.0-100
      mumol/l range, a dose-related increase of glucose-stimulated insulin release by
      rat pancreatic islets. A fixed concentration of the drug (50 mumol/l) caused a
      shift to the left of the sigmoidal curve relating insulin output to glucose
      concentration. The drug failed to affect insulin release evoked, in the absence
      of Ca2+, by the combination of Ba2+ and theophylline. The enhancing action of the
      calcium-agonist upon insulin release was rapid and sustained, and coincided with
      stimulation of both 45Ca net uptake and 45Ca efflux, the latter phenomenon being
      abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. It is concluded that the gating
      of Ca-channels, as presumably provoked by the calcium-agonist, simulates the
      stimulant action of glucose upon both Ca influx into and insulin release from the
      pancreatic islets.

PMID- 3888758
TI  - Quinacrine accumulation in pancreatic islet cells of rat and mouse: relationship
      to functional activity and effects on basal and stimulated insulin secretion.
AB  - The fluorescent acridine derivative, quinacrine, was found to accumulate in rat
      and mouse pancreatic islet cells storing insulin, glucagon, pancreatic
      polypeptide, or somatostatin. Following administration of large doses of
      tolbutamide via an oro-gastric tube, the intensity of quinacrine fluorescence of
      insulin cells was substantially reduced. Similarly, the pancreatic insulin
      content was lowered. In contrast, the fluorescence intensity of the glucagon,
      pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin cells appeared unaffected. Basal plasma
      insulin levels in the mouse were slightly elevated following quinacrine
      administration (25%). Glucose-stimulated insulin release was markedly enhanced
      (51%) in quinacrine-pretreated animals, whereas insulin release induced by
      cholinergic stimulation was unaffected. The results show that quinacrine
      accumulates in the various pancreatic islet cells. The drug seems to be confined
      to the secretory granules and affects the insulin response to glucose but not
      that to cholinergic stimulation, suggesting that these secretagogues act through
      different or partly different secretory pathways.

PMID- 3888759
TI  - Comparison of portal and peripheral insulin delivery on carbohydrate metabolism
      in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
AB  - Severely diabetic rats (150 mg streptozotocin/kg) were transplanted with fetal
      pancreatic islets: (a) under the kidney capsule to model peripheral insulin
      delivery, and (b) into the splenic pulp to model portal delivery. Long-term
      normoglycaemia, normal weight gain and normal peripheral insulin levels were
      achieved in both groups of transplanted animals. In both groups, 24-h fasted
      blood lactate, pyruvate and alanine were identical to those observed in sham
      operated control animals. Blood glucose and plasma insulin responses to 300 mg
      oral glucose 8 weeks after transplantation were the same as in control animals.
      Hepatic glycogen concentration was, however, lower in fed rats with islets
      beneath the kidney capsule compared with control rats (p less than 0.01),
      suggesting inadequate hepatic insulinisation in the fed state with peripheral
      insulin delivery. Muscle glycogen was the same as in controls. Glucose turnover
      and glucose carbon recycling were not significantly different from results in
      normal control and splenic pulp islet-transplanted animals. The findings indicate
      that consistent normoglycaemia, normal glucose flux and normalisation of blood
      intermediary metabolites can be achieved in the rat with peripheral insulin
      delivery without associated hyperinsulinaemia.

PMID- 3888760
TI  - Pregnancy-associated changes in the endocrine pancreas of normoglycaemic
      streptozotocin-treated Wistar rats.
AB  - The effect of pregnancy on pancreatic insulin content and relative B-cell volume
      has been studied in normoglycaemic Wistar rats treated with streptozotocin 14
      days before mating. A single intravenous injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg
      body weight) caused a significant reduction of pancreatic insulin content and B
      cell volume. The islet insulin content was 60% of control values. However,
      pregnancy-associated adaptation was preserved in these streptozotocin-treated
      animals. Plasma insulin levels, pancreatic insulin and B-cell volume were
      significantly enhanced compared with non-pregnant rats investigated on the same
      date. The incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into islets from pregnant rats (day
      10.5) was higher than that in islets isolated from non-pregnant animals. After
      delivery insulin content and B-cell volume returned to pre-pregnant values. Also
      during a longer period after streptozotocin treatment (156 days), no measurable
      enhancement of B-cell volume and pancreatic insulin content was observed
      indicating the unresponsiveness of residual B cells to compensate spontaneously
      for the loss despite persisting normoglycaemia.

PMID- 3888761
TI  - Effect of epidermal growth factor/urogastrone on glycosaminoglycan synthesis and
      accumulation in vitro in the developing mouse palate.
AB  - Epidermal growth factor/urogastrone (EGF-URO) has previously been implicated in
      murine secondary-palate formation. We report here that, in correlation with its
      effects on palate fusion, EGF-URO in physiological amounts (1.7 nmol/l) markedly
      affects glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in organ cultures of mouse palate
      tissue; the effects of EGF-URO are dependent on the developmental stage of the
      palate. GAG production, particularly that of hyaluronic acid (HA), is stimulated
      two- to eight-fold by EGF-URO in cultures of palate tissue obtained between days
      11-12 and 13-15 of development; by the time of birth, EGF-URO no longer
      stimulates GAG production in such cultures. EGF-URO increases the amount and
      alters the distribution of HA within the palate. The results suggest a role for
      EGF-URO and for HA in the process of normal palatal development.

PMID- 3888762
TI  - Application of etched cast restorations to gerodontics.

PMID- 3888763
TI  - [Centenary of the death of Gregor Mendel].

PMID- 3888764
TI  - [The perisinusoidal cell (or Ito cell)].

PMID- 3888765
TI  - [Diarrhea and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].

PMID- 3888766
TI  - Cholecystokinetic cholecystography.
AB  - A prospective clinical trial of 100 patients receiving either intramuscular
      ceruletide or a fatty meal to contract the gallbladder after oral
      cholecystography is described. The percentage reduction of the gallbladder area
      after 30 min of stimulation was not significantly greater with ceruletide (49%)
      than with a fatty meal (44%) (t-test: p greater than 0.3). Ceruletide caused
      significantly more adverse reactions than a fatty meal (Fisher test, p less than
      0.01). The diagnostic value of routine cholecystokinetic stimulation is doubtful,
      since the diagnosis changed after the contraction in only 1 patient.

PMID- 3888767
TI  - Unusual portosystemic collateral penetrating the liver parenchyma.
AB  - We present a case of an extremely rare portosystemic collateral pathway which
      arose from the right intrahepatic portal vein, passed through the liver
      parenchyma, and terminated into the inferior vena cava. We demonstrate the
      findings of diagnostic imaging and discuss the etiology of the collateral
      circulation in this unusual case.

PMID- 3888768
TI  - The "hay-fork" sign in the ultrasonographic diagnosis of intussusception.
AB  - Ultrasonography was used to evaluate a palpable abdominal mass in a woman. The
      characteristic "hay-fork" image led to the correct diagnosis of colocolic
      intussusception, which had not been suspected. This sign appears to be highly
      specific for intussusception.

PMID- 3888769
TI  - In vivo hepatic volume determination using sonography and computed tomography.
      Validation and a comparison of the two techniques.
AB  - Ultrasonography and computed tomography were used to determine hepatic volume in
      vivo. The data obtained were compared with the weight and volume of the same
      livers after surgical removal at the time of orthotopic hepatic transplantation.
      The relationship between hepatic weight and volume was found to be linear over a
      16-fold range of weights and a 19-fold range of volumes. The sonographic results
      more closely paralleled the results obtained directly. These data demonstrate
      that both methods can determine, within acceptable limits, hepatic volume or
      weight. The sonographic technique, however, is more accurate than the computed
      tomography scan method as it allows the use of sagittal scanning of the liver,
      which is superior to the transverse scanning technique required by the computed
      tomography scanner. In addition, these results demonstrate that these methods
      might be applied in the future for better matching of donors and recipients of
      orthotopic liver transplants.

PMID- 3888770
TI  - Metabolism of mixed human colonic bacteria in a continuous culture mimicking the
      human cecal contents.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to develop an in vitro model of the proximal colon
      that would permit investigation of the function of colonic bacteria. Five
      continuous cultures of fecal bacteria were maintained anaerobically in steady
      state for at least 21 days in a medium simulating ileostomy effluent. The pH was
      maintained at 6 by the controlled infusion of sodium bicarbonate. Fresh medium
      (13 ml) was pumped into the culture for 2 min every hour and excess culture was
      simultaneously removed. The redox potential of all cultures remained below -300
      mV, whereas the osmolality was maintained hypertonic compared with the original
      inoculum or medium. The cultures readily produced volatile fatty acids at a rate
      of 30.4 +/- 3.6 mmol/day (mean +/- SEM). Acetic acid (10-19 mmol/day) and
      propionic acid (5-30 mmol/day) were produced in the largest amounts, whereas
      butyric acid was produced only in small amounts or not at all. Ammonia was
      produced in each culture in amounts that varied from day to day and between
      cultures. The osmolality and volatile fatty acid production increased when the
      carbohydrate input was doubled and decreased when the cultures were deprived of
      carbohydrate. Thus it is possible to maintain actively fermenting viable cultures
      in vitro for prolonged periods; such cultures respond to changing conditions and
      may be useful in investigating the metabolic function of the colon.

PMID- 3888771
TI  - Hepatic lymphangiomatosis. Report of a case and review of the literature.
AB  - Hepatic lymphangioma is an extremely rare benign tumor, which usually occurs as
      part of a multiorgan lymphangiomatous involvement. We describe an adult patient
      with a huge hepatomegaly caused by a diffuse lymphangiomatous infiltration of the
      liver, which has never been reported before. Extrahepatic localizations could not
      be demonstrated. On ultrasonography and computed abdominal tomography, the liver
      lesions were not distinguishable from necrotic metastases. However, the
      endoscopic and histologic picture as well as the benign clinical evolution during
      a 2-yr follow-up allowed us to diagnose this rare benign disorder.

PMID- 3888772
TI  - Diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 3888773
TI  - [Frequently occurring chromosome aberrations in various hemoblastoses].

PMID- 3888774
TI  - Mild analgesics in dentistry: a review.

PMID- 3888775
TI  - Effect of bonding agents on retention of posts.

PMID- 3888776
TI  - An immediate etched-metal, resin-bonded casting.

PMID- 3888777
TI  - Seasonal changes in luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone concentrations in
      microdissected brain regions of male rough-skinned newts (Taricha granulosa).
AB  - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) concentrations were measured in
      specific brain areas of male rough-skinned newts collected from a single
      population throughout the reproductive cycle. Plasma androgen and corticosterone
      (B) concentrations were also measured. Androgen concentrations were highest
      during the breeding season (winter) and lowest during the summer. In contrast,
      plasma B was lowest during the breeding season and highest in the summer.
      Concentrations of LHRH in the infundibulum (I) and rostral hypothalamus (RH) were
      positively correlated throughout the reproductive cycle; LHRH was always higher
      in the I than in the RH. Concentrations of LHRH in the ventral preoptic area
      (POA) fluctuated independently of concentrations of LHRH in the I and RH.
      However, LHRH concentrations decreased to undetectable levels in all three brain
      areas in March and April, which was before the end of the breeding season and
      before plasma androgen concentrations had decreased. An injection of LHRH into
      postbreeding males resulted in a significant increase in plasma androgen
      concentrations, indicating that the pituitary-gonad axis was still functional at
      the end of the breeding season. These results support the hypothesis that an
      abrupt decline in LHRH secretion is the initial endocrine event that signals the
      end of the breeding season in this amphibian.

PMID- 3888778
TI  - Structure-activity relationships of mammalian, chicken, and salmon gonadotropin
      releasing hormones in vivo in goldfish.
AB  - Mammalian, chicken, and salmon gonadotropin releasing hormones (GnRHs), and
      anlogs of each peptide, were injected either alone or in combination with
      pimozide into goldfish, and the changes in serum gonadotropin (GtH) levels
      determined. The native peptides had similar potencies in terms of magnitude and
      duration of the GtH response. Analogs of LHRH that are superactive in mammals are
      also superactive in goldfish; although [(imBzl)-D-His6, Pro9-NEt]-LHRH is very
      highly superactive in mammals it has activity similar to [D-Ala6, Pro9-NEt]-LHRH
      in goldfish. D-Ala6 or (imBzl)-D-His6 substitutions of [Trp7, Leu8, Pro9-NEt]
      LHRH are not superactive in goldfish, whereas the D-Arg6 substitution is highly
      superactive, indicating that there are differences in the factors that make
      salmon and mammalian GnRH superactive. These results also indicate that the
      structural modifications that determine superactivity of GnRHs in goldfish differ
      from what is known for mammals.

PMID- 3888779
TI  - Changes in plasma steroid and thyroid hormones and insulin during final
      maturation and spawning of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus.
AB  - Circulating levels of plasma estradiol-17 beta, androgens, thyroxine,
      triiodothyronine, immunoreactive insulin, plasma fatty acids, and protein were
      measured at interval during the period of final gonadal maturation, prior to
      spawning of male and female sea lampreys. Plasma estradiol levels fluctuated
      significantly and generally covaried in males and females through time. In
      females, possibly in relation to environmental changes, mean plasma estradiol
      levels peaked four times during the final spawning period but decreased sharply
      at the time of ovulation. In males, mean plasma estradiol peaked seven times
      during the final prespawning period and, in contrast to females, peaked
      significantly at the time of final spermiation. Plasma androgens were extremely
      low and covaried in males and females through time. Like plasma steroid profiles,
      there were coordinated changes in plasma triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels in
      males and females through the prespawning season. There was a slight increase in
      plasma insulin during the terminal maturation of the lampreys. However, at
      ovulation, the insulin levels abruptly decreased in females, whereas in males
      they remained unchanged. Plasma protein and fatty acid levels gradually decreased
      until ovulation/spermiation. At ovulation plasma fatty acid levels increased.

PMID- 3888780
TI  - Data-based psychiatric consultation: applying mainframe computer capability to
      consultation.
AB  - Critical, intertwined objectives for consultation psychiatry include 1) the
      development of data-based clinical practices, and 2) heightening the
      effectiveness of consultation. Toward these ends, the Consultation Psychiatry
      Service at the University of Minnesota has previously conducted systematic
      studies of consultation and established an ongoing data collection system for
      consultations. Both steps have relied extensively upon mainframe computer
      capability. This primary application of computer capability to the field of
      psychiatric consultation is reviewed by the authors.

PMID- 3888781
TI  - DNA-mediated genetic transformation of mouse embryos and bone marrow--a review.
AB  - In recent years, new gene transfer systems have been developed which allow
      molecularly cloned genetic material to be introduced into whole organisms. These
      systems include the microinjection of DNA into mammalian embryos, transfection of
      DNA into mouse bone marrow cells, and the infection of early embryos with
      retroviruses. Exogenous DNA appears to integrate randomly into the host genome.
      The production of transgenic mice by injection of DNA into mouse embryos has
      rapidly gained importance as an experimental tool for the study of gene
      regulation during development. Through this technique, recombinant molecules of
      any type can be introduced into one-celled embryos, and thus can be used to study
      development from its earliest stages. DNA sequences have been shown to integrate
      and transmit through the germ line to subsequent generations as mendelian traits.
      Transgenic mice carrying various gene constructs have been successfully exploited
      for the elucidation of factors which determine tissue specificity of gene
      expression as well as the level of gene control. Phenotypic changes related to
      expression of foreign genes have also been observed. This experimental approach
      thus promises to rapidly solve many of the heretofore most challenging problems
      in developmental genetics. Insertion of foreign genes has also made possible the
      creation of insertional mutants which manifest themselves most frequently as
      recessives. Such mutations can be readily studied at the molecular level by using
      the transferred material as a probe for recovery of the affected host sequence
      from genomic libraries. Many of these same problems have been addressed by
      introducing retroviral DNA into mouse embryos. Here, the sequences used for
      transfer have been limited to retroviral genes, but nonetheless these experiments
      have been profitably exploited for studies both of gene regulation and
      mutagenesis. Gene transfer systems are being developed allowing the experimenter
      to transfer DNA into bone marrow cells of mice, after which the recipient cells
      can be reintroduced into lethally irradiated histocompatible animals. This system
      has the advantage that selection can be applied during the gene transfer process
      such that the expression of the foreign material is assured. In addition, these
      experiments have created a model system for production of animals carrying a
      subpopulation of cells which is highly resistant to a toxic agent. This system
      has the potential for therapeutic application to man.

PMID- 3888782
TI  - Transcription of the human adenovirus E1a gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The early region 1a (E1a) and its flanking sequences of human adenovirus type 5
      (Ad5) have been cloned in the yeast-Escherichia coli shuttle vector YEp13 and
      transferred into the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The E1a-specific RNAs were
      produced in the transformed yeast cells. The 5' ends of these transcripts were
      capped but were lacking 10 to 45 nucleotides from the 5' end of the proper E1a
      mRNA. These transcripts terminated approx. 1000 nucleotides downstream from the
      proper 3' end. No splicing of the E1a-specific RNA could be detected in the yeast
      cells.

PMID- 3888783
TI  - Cloning and expression of a puromycin N-acetyl transferase gene from Streptomyces
      alboniger in Streptomyces lividans and Escherichia coli.
AB  - A gene (pac) encoding a puromycin N-acetyl transferase (PAC) of Streptomyces
      alboniger ATCC12461 was cloned in the Streptomyces plasmid pIJ702 and expressed
      in S. lividans 1326. Several clones resistant to puromycin were isolated and
      shown to carry pIJ702 with different inserts of S. alboniger DNA. They were
      classified as of low and high activity according to the levels of enzymatic
      activity expressed by them. The different levels of expression were related to
      the two possible orientations of the S. alboniger DNA inserts in the pIJ702
      vector. Six of the recombinant plasmids contain a common 1.6-kb DNA sequence
      which, by subcloning experiments, was shown to carry a pac gene encoding PAC
      activity. The pac gene was subcloned next to the lac promoter of Escherichia coli
      plasmid pUC19. Only one of the two possible orientations of insertion expressed
      PAC activity, suggesting that it was dependent on the lac promoter. Accordingly,
      isopropylthio-beta-D-galactoside (IPTG) was able to stimulate the expression of
      the enzyme activity. These results allowed the direction of transcription of the
      pac gene to be determined.

PMID- 3888784
TI  - Factors affecting heterologous gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The 'promoter' fragment from the yeast phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) gene has
      been used to direct the expression of human interferon-alpha-2 (IFN alpha 2) on a
      high-copy-number plasmid in yeast. The yields of IFN alpha 2 are only 1-3% of
      yeast total protein, whereas the maximum yield of PGK produced by the PGK gene on
      a high-copy-number plasmid is at least 50%. IFN alpha 2 is turned over more
      rapidly than PGK but in addition a major reason for the relatively low level of
      IFN alpha 2 is that IFN-specific RNA levels are much lower. This does not reflect
      differences in plasmid copy number or integrity, or differences in the 5' and 3'
      untranslated regions of the transcripts or DNA flanking regions. It appears that
      the presence of heterologous coding sequences, or the absence of specific yeast
      sequences causes a reduction in heterologous RNA levels in yeast.

PMID- 3888785
TI  - In vitro stimulation of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase sigma subunit synthesis
      by NusA protein.
AB  - A simplified DNA-directed in vitro system which measures synthesis of the NH2
      terminal dipeptides of gene products has been used to study the expression of
      rpoD, the gene coding for the sigma subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase.
      The rpoD gene is part of a complex operon which also includes the genes for
      ribosomal protein S21 (rpsU) and primase (dnaG). Primary promoters have been
      identified upstream of the structural genes, but there are secondary (internal)
      promoters within the dnaG gene that are involved in the expression of rpoD.
      Significant expression of the rpsU and rpoD genes was observed in the in vitro
      dipeptide system using plasmid pBS105, which contains both external and internal
      promoters. With plasmid pMRG-1, which contains only the internal promoters, only
      rpoD expression was observed. From either template, synthesis of the NH2-terminal
      dipeptide of sigma, fMet-Glu, is stimulated about threefold by the E. coli nusA
      gene product. In addition, NusA protein stimulates synthesis of the entire sigma
      protein in a defined in vitro system. NusA protein has no effect on the
      expression of the upstream gene rpsU, and the stimulation of rpoD expression by
      NusA protein is at the level of transcription. The results are consistent with
      the known role of NusA protein in modulating transcription at pause or
      attenuation sites.

PMID- 3888786
TI  - Peripheral vascular disease: treatment and referral of the elderly. Part I.
AB  - In the elderly, arterial disease may not necessarily require operative
      intervention if the patient is not functionally disabled or can adjust to self
      imposed limitations. However, with nonhealing skin lesions, gangrene, impending
      limb loss, or ischemic rest pain, reconstructive arterial surgery must be
      considered. Pain at rest signals advanced limb-threatening ischemia. The pattern
      of pain distribution over the foot distinguishes it from common nighttime leg
      cramps.

PMID- 3888787
TI  - Glucocorticoid-induced modulation of insulin-stimulated DNA synthesis:
      differential responsiveness in cell cultures derived from donors of different
      ages.
AB  - The replicative ability of variously 'aged' cell cultures, their insulin binding
      and biological responsiveness under control and glucocorticoid (i.e.
      hydrocortisone) amplified conditions have been studied in human fibroblast
      cultures. Insulin stimulation of DNA synthesis in early and late passage cultures
      and in cultures from young and old donors showed no age-related difference in
      insulin responsiveness. Hydrocortisone amplification of insulin-stimulated DNA
      synthesis in early and late passage cells expressed no age-related differences.
      Hydrocortisone affected basal DNA synthesis in cultures from in vivo young and
      old donors differently. Additionally, hydrocortisone amplified insulin-stimulated
      DNA synthesis in young donor cell cultures was observed to be higher than in old
      donor cell cultures. Specific 125I-insulin binding was increased by
      hydrocortisone in both early and late passage cultures and in cultures from young
      and old donors but no age-related differences in 125I-insulin binding were
      observed in the presence or absence of hydrocortisone. The data suggest that an
      age-related loss of an insulin postreceptor interaction during hydrocortisone
      amplification of insulin-stimulated DNA synthesis is being expressed in the
      cultures from old donors.

PMID- 3888789
TI  - The biological role of lactoferrin.
AB  - Lactoferrin (LF)--in various quantities--is present in human milk, secretions and
      polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). LF's significance lies in its bacteriostatic
      effect on its environment. Probably it prevents bacterial uptake of iron, leads
      to damage of bacteria and during phagocytosis helps the organism to combat
      pathogens. Most likely it regulates iron absorption, and during inflammation it
      takes part in the plasma iron transport. LF is believed to play an important role
      in the regulation of granulopoiesis in the bone-marrow. From its biological
      effects it appears that plasma LF determinations may be useful in the clinical
      diagnosis of leukaemia and other malignant diseases, as well as in the study of
      iron metabolism.

PMID- 3888790
TI  - [Lipid metabolism and kidney transplantation].

PMID- 3888788
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay of pancreatic oncofetal antigen (POA) as a marker of
      pancreatic cancer.
AB  - For the quantitative measurement of pancreatic oncofetal antigen (POA), an enzyme
      immunoassay for POA has been developed, and is based on the sandwich method using
      antibody-coupled glass beads and enzyme (peroxidase)-labelled antibody. Serum POA
      concentrations were increased significantly in patients with pancreatic cancer,
      but not in those with chronic pancreatitis or other miscellaneous diseases, or in
      normal subjects. It is concluded that the enzyme immunoassay could be used for
      the assay of POA and our results show that the determination of serum POA would
      be useful in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

PMID- 3888792
TI  - [Zichron Yaakov--the first center of Jewish medicine in North Palestine].

PMID- 3888791
TI  - [Serum beta-2-microglobulin levels in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3888793
TI  - Ergosterol synthesis and population analysis of a fed-batch fermentation in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae with an increased content of ergosterol or delta 5,7
      sterols, growing on a molasses medium with a feed of ethanol and (NH4)2HPO4, was
      analyzed as to the age of cell population. The analysis was done by
      centrifugation in a dextran gradient and by a fluorescence-microscopic technique.
      In the phase of batch fermentation at a mean specific growth rate of 0.22 h-1
      daughter cells contained less than 1% ergosterol while the ergosterol content of
      mother cells depended on the time of cultivation, a maximum level (4%) being
      found after two generation times. In the fed-batch phase at a mean growth rate of
      0.052 h-1, both daughter and mother cells contained about the same amount of
      ergosterol (4.7-5.5%). Differences between daughter and mother cells are
      discussed in view of the relationship between the growth rate and the growth
      cycle.

PMID- 3888794
TI  - [Topical anesthesia].

PMID- 3888795
TI  - [The discovery of local anesthesia].

PMID- 3888796
TI  - [History of extracapsular cataract extraction].

PMID- 3888797
TI  - [Pharmacology of lens surgery].

PMID- 3888798
TI  - [35 years of intraocular lens implantation].

PMID- 3888799
TI  - [History of the University and of the University Eye Clinic at Frankfurt am
      Main].

PMID- 3888800
TI  - [Comparative axial biometry of the eye].

PMID- 3888802
TI  - [Diagnostic error using ultrasound. Potential risks caused by deficient quality
      assurance by the manufacturer].

PMID- 3888801
TI  - [Correlation analysis of emmetropic and ametropic eyes].

PMID- 3888803
TI  - [Is acute leukemia in adults curable today?].

PMID- 3888804
TI  - [Therapy of prolonged postoperative intestinal atony following interventions on
      the aorto-iliac circulation. Results of a prospective randomized study with
      ceruletide lyophilysate versus neostigmine].

PMID- 3888805
TI  - [Hypertension and cerebrovascular disorder].

PMID- 3888806
TI  - Arbitrary access to care: the case for reforming Medicaid.

PMID- 3888807
TI  - Impact of the "early peak" of insulin secretion on glucose utilization in man.

PMID- 3888808
TI  - The effect of large volume paracentesis on plasma volume--a cause of hypovolemia?
AB  - Large volume paracentesis, while effectively relieving symptoms in patients with
      tense ascites, has been generally avoided due to reports of complications
      attributed to an acute reduction in intravascular volume. Measurements of plasma
      volume in these subjects have been by indirect methods and have not uniformly
      confirmed hypovolemia. We have prospectively evaluated 18 patients (20
      paracenteses) with tense ascites and peripheral edema due to chronic liver
      disease undergoing 5 liter paracentesis for relief of symptoms. Plasma volume pre
      and postparacentesis was assessed by a 125I-labeled human serum albumin dilution
      technique as well as by the change in hematocrit and postural blood pressure
      difference. No significant change in serum sodium, urea nitrogen, hematocrit or
      postural systolic blood pressure difference was noted at 24 or 48 hr after
      paracentesis. Serum creatinine at 24 hr after paracentesis was unchanged but a
      small but statistically significant increase in serum creatinine (+0.1 +/- 0.3 mg
      per dl, p less than 0.01) was noted at 48 hr postparacentesis. Plasma volume
      changed -2.7% (n = 6, not statistically significant) during the first 24 hr and 
      2.8% (n = 12, not statistically significant) during the 0- to 48-hr period. No
      complications from paracentesis were noted. These results suggest that 5 liter
      paracentesis for relief of symptoms is safe in patients with tense ascites and
      peripheral edema from chronic liver disease.

PMID- 3888809
TI  - Immunofluorescent determination of the lobular distribution of a constitutive
      form of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450.
AB  - We have used an immunohistochemical approach to study the lobular distribution of
      constitutive liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. Cytochrome P-450 isolated (10.3
      nmoles per mg protein) from hepatic microsomes from untreated, mature male
      Sprague-Dawley rats was used to produce antisera in rabbits. The IgG fraction
      produced single precipitin lines of identity with liver microsomes after double
      immunodiffusion, precipitated 80% of the total microsomal cytochrome P-450 and
      inhibited three cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme activities. By these criteria,
      the IgG appeared to be specific for a constitutive form (or immunochemically
      related family) of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. The pattern of fluorescence
      after indirect immunofluorescent labeling of liver sections depended on the route
      of tissue preparation and the concentration of primary antibody. In frozen
      sections, the labeling was uniform throughout the lobule, whereas in "antigen
      depleted" paraffin-embedded sections it was heaviest in the centrilobular and
      midzonal regions. Increasing the concentration of primary antibody to 500
      micrograms per ml inhibited the centrilobular labeling in frozen sections in a
      concentration-dependent manner. When specific isozymes of cytochrome P-450 were
      induced with phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene, the constitutive cytochrome P
      450 was localized predominantly in the periportal region. Decreases in cytochrome
      P-450 in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride or 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane
      were associated with antigen loss only in necrotic cells. Regional differences in
      the loss of antigen in paraffin sections and the inhibition of fluorescence in
      frozen sections establish that the lobular distribution of constitutive hepatic
      microsomal cytochrome P-450 is qualitatively heterogeneous and may be altered
      during hepatocellular responses to chemical treatment.

PMID- 3888810
TI  - Cefotaxime is more effective than is ampicillin-tobramycin in cirrhotics with
      severe infections.
AB  - We compared the effectiveness and incidence of nephrotoxicity of ampicillin
      tobramycin and cefotaxime in 73 cirrhotics who had severe bacterial infection.
      Most of these patients had spontaneous peritonitis and/or bacteremia. Patients
      were randomly allocated into two groups. Group I included 36 patients treated
      with ampicillin-tobramycin and Group II comprised 37 patients treated with
      cefotaxime. Patients from both groups were similar with respect to clinical data,
      standard liver and renal function tests, types of infection and isolated
      organisms. Ninety-two per cent of bacteria isolated in Group I and 98% of those
      isolated in Group II were susceptible in vitro to ampicillin-tobramycin and to
      cefotaxime, respectively. Ampicillin-tobramycin cured the infection in 56% of
      Group I patients, and cefotaxime in 85% of Group II patients (p less than 0.02).
      Five patients treated with ampicillin-tobramycin, and none treated with
      cefotaxime developed superinfections (p = 0.024). Nephrotoxicity (impairment of
      renal function associated with an increase of urinary beta 2-microglobulin to
      over 2,000 micrograms per liter) occurred in two patients in Group I and none in
      Group II. These results suggest that broad-spectrum cephalosporins should be
      considered as first choice antibiotics in cirrhotic patients with severe
      infections.

PMID- 3888811
TI  - Occupational therapy use rises under PPS.

PMID- 3888812
TI  - Rethinking the rules of health care finance. Interview by Emily Friedman.

PMID- 3888813
TI  - Social class and seasonality of birth in the midlands of Tasmania during the
      nineteenth century.

PMID- 3888814
TI  - Consanguineous marriages in the Upper Bologna Appennine (1565-1980):
      microgeographic variations, pedigree structure and correlation of inbreeding
      secular trend with changes in population size.

PMID- 3888815
TI  - Clinical relevance of postmortem microbiologic examination: a review.

PMID- 3888816
TI  - Intermediate filaments in Merkel cell tumors.
AB  - A series of ten Merkel cell tumors is described, with special emphasis on
      intermediate filament expression. The presence of cytoskeletal proteins was
      studied with a polyclonal antiserum directed against cytokeratin and with
      monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratin, neurofilament, and vimentin by the
      immunoperoxidase technique. Cytokeratin was demonstrated in nine of ten tumors.
      Neurofilament was observed in the two snap-frozen tissues tested and in three of
      the eight formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. No reactivity for vimentin
      was found. By electron microscopy desmosomes were found to be present in all
      cases, while tonofilaments were found in only a few cases. neurosecretory
      granules, although seen in all tumors, were generally present in low numbers. The
      results of this study indicate that the Merkel cell tumor is a poorly
      differentiated small cell carcinoma that has the ability to express some
      neuroendocrine features.

PMID- 3888817
TI  - Estimating reflected ultrasound spectra from quantized signals.

PMID- 3888818
TI  - Interactive stereotactic surgical system for the removal of intracranial tumors
      utilizing the CO2 laser and CT-derived database.

PMID- 3888819
TI  - A narrowband pulse-echo technique for in vivo ultrasonic attenuation estimation.

PMID- 3888820
TI  - A new time domain technique for velocity measurements using Doppler ultrasound.

PMID- 3888821
TI  - A case presentation of a maxillary immediate complete denture opposing a
      mandibular overdenture.

PMID- 3888822
TI  - [Transmission of urogenital trichomoniasis in female prostitutes].
AB  - A group of female prostitutes (n = 41) was found to be infected with Trichomonas
      vaginalis to 36.6%, diagnosed by using culture methods. The examination of these
      women for T. vaginalis and their treatment is not obligatory, therefore the
      transmission of these parasites by infected prostitutes is not properly
      controlled; transmission of the trichomoniasis continues under nearly optimal
      conditions. It is urgently necessary to examine female prostitutes for T.
      vaginalis infections without exception. In these cases culture methods must be
      used and all infected women must be treated immediately with effective drugs. The
      last meeting of the German Society of Gynecologists in 1984 has stressed the
      necessity to control trichomoniasis systematically.

PMID- 3888823
TI  - [ELISA detection of protamine antibodies].
AB  - Protamine is frequently used as an adjuvant in insulin preparations. As alien
      protein protamine is immunogenic. We developed an ELISA for detection of
      protamine antibodies. As a strongly basic molecule protamine shows remarkable
      reactivity. Resulting methodical difficulties with regard to the assay are
      discussed. The course of antibody titres to protamine after immunization is shown
      in rabbits, goats, sheep and guinea pigs with positive results in all species. In
      humans protamine antibodies were detectable in 4% of 150 patients treated with
      protamine insulins.

PMID- 3888824
TI  - Drug-induced tolerance to allografts in mice II. Tolerance to tumor allografts of
      large doses associated with rejection of skin allografts and tumor allografts of
      small doses.
AB  - Antigen-specific tolerance to tumor allografts in mice was obtained by
      stimulation with allogeneic spleen cell antigens and treatment with
      cyclophosphamide (CY) 2 days later in various strain combinations between donor
      mice of spleen cell antigens and recipients. In such tolerant mice, skin
      allografts were rejected in various combinations of the donor-recipient.
      Furthermore, some of the tolerant mice showed accelerated rejection of tumor
      allografts of small doses, even though they allowed progressive growth of the
      same tumor allografts of large doses. Our results suggest that the rejection of
      tumor allografts of large doses may depend upon a mechanism that is distinct,
      qualitatively or quantitatively, from that one responsible for the rejection of
      tumor allografts of small doses and skin allografts. One of the most important
      properties of lymphocytes to separate these two different mechanisms may be a
      capacity of clonal expansion, namely, sensitivity to CY-induced tolerance of the
      lymphocytes mediating allograft rejection.

PMID- 3888825
TI  - Neopterin levels in long-term renal allograft recipients.
AB  - In this paper we present results dealing with neopterin levels in the urine of 21
      kidney grafted patients during long-term allograft survival. Data dealing with
      results of urinary neopterin excretion to predict acute cellular allograft
      rejection during the immediate post-transplant period have been reported
      previously. The evaluation of patients included a physical investigation and
      numerous biochemical parameters as described below. We found that neopterin
      excretion is normal or elevated, but if elevated levels remain stable the
      prognosis for the allograft seems to be good.

PMID- 3888826
TI  - Binding characteristics of fluoresceinated Lotus tetragonolobus fucolectin to
      macrophage populations which are either responsive or refractory to activation by
      lymphokine.
AB  - Fucose binding protein (FBP) from Lotus tetragonolobus seed was studied by
      fluorescence microscopy for its binding characteristics to various guinea pig
      peritoneal macrophage populations. Fluoresceinated FBP (FITC-FBP) was bound
      optimally at 22 degrees C in a punctate distribution and was internalized at 37
      degrees C. Binding of FBP to macrophages was reversed specifically by the
      competitive sugar L-fucose, and not by D-fucose, L-rhamnose, or D-galactose. FBP
      was bound with greater frequency and intensity to 3-day oil-elicited peritoneal
      macrophages which are responsive to migration inhibition by FBP and migration
      inhibitory factor (MIF) than to resident or 7-day inflammatory macrophages which
      are unresponsive to activation by the same effectors. Competition for visual
      binding of FITC-FBP to macrophages was demonstrated by preincubation of cells
      with unlabeled FBP or MIF. Competition of FITC-FBP binding by MIF was reversed by
      L-fucose. These results indicate that FBP binds preferentially, with greater
      frequency and intensity, to macrophage subpopulations which are responsive to MIF
      than to MIF-refractory macrophages. The data further supports the existence of a
      common receptor site for MIF and FBP on the macrophage membrane which involves
      fucosyl determinants.

PMID- 3888827
TI  - Milan Hasek 1925-1984.

PMID- 3888828
TI  - Marginal zone macrophages identified by a monoclonal antibody: characterization
      of immuno- and enzyme-histochemical properties and functional capacities.
AB  - In the present study, the non-lymphoid cell of the marginal zone is described:
      the marginal zone macrophage, identified by a monoclonal antibody, ERTR9. The
      characteristics of these cells were investigated by use of a two-step
      immunoperoxidase method (on light and ultrastructural level) in combination with
      enzyme-cytochemical techniques and functional tests. The marginal zone macrophage
      appears to be a large cell with close contacts between its cell processes and
      surrounding marginal zone B cells, and with a well-developed phagocytic capacity.
      These ERTR9-positive macrophages are capable of selective uptake and retention of
      i.v. injected FITC-Ficoll and are negative for Ia antigen as well as for the
      macrophage-related F4/80 antigen. By these characteristics, they constitute a
      subpopulation of non-lymphoid cells of spleen unique for the marginal zone.

PMID- 3888829
TI  - Immunohistological characterization of the decidual leucocytic infiltrate related
      to endometrial gland epithelium in early human pregnancy.
AB  - The leucocytic infiltrate which is associated with maternal endometrial glands in
      decidual tissue in early human pregnancy has been shown by immunohistology to
      consist mainly of macrophages and T lymphocytes. Cells expressing HLA-DR were
      prominent around the glands, and most were also reactive for the Leu-M3 tissue
      macrophage antigen. In addition, HLA-DR-positive T cells were identified by
      double immunoenzymatic labelling, situated both immediately adjacent to the gland
      epithelium and in adjacent aggregates. Some accumulation of HLA-DR-positive cells
      has also been noted around the glands in non-pregnant endometrium during the mid
      and late secretory phases, and occasional T6 antigen-bearing cells were also
      detected. Occasional HLA-DR-positive surface and gland epithelial cells were
      observed in both pregnant and non-pregnant specimens. These results indicate
      that, in early human pregnancy, the endometrial glands may be subject to a form
      of active immune response partially under hormonal control.

PMID- 3888830
TI  - Clonal deletion as the mechanism of abrogation of immunological memory following
      liver grafting in rats.
AB  - In the rat strain combination of DA into PVG, an orthotopic liver graft has the
      ability to abrogate an existing state of sensitization against donor (DA)
      antigens. Fifty-four percent of PVG rats sensitized against DA by skin grafting
      accepted a DA liver graft permanently, and about half of these became
      systemically tolerant of DA MHC antigens, as demonstrated by permanent acceptance
      of a subsequent (second-set) DA skin or heart graft. The cellular basis of this
      tolerant state was studied in vivo. An adoptive transfer assay provided evidence
      for functional deletion of DA-reactive cells responsible for graft rejection from
      the recirculating lymphocyte pool. There was no evidence of a role for suppressor
      T cells in maintaining tolerance. However, a graft-versus-host assay showed
      normal reactivity in thoracic duct lymphocytes from tolerant animals. Hence,
      specific clonal deletion is apparently responsible for the abolition of
      immunological memory by liver grafting, but is selective in respect of the sets
      of alloreactive lymphocytes affected.

PMID- 3888831
TI  - The molecular biology of the T cell antigen receptor.

PMID- 3888832
TI  - Suppressive and substitutive immunotherapy: an essay with a review of recent
      literature.

PMID- 3888833
TI  - Purificaton and characterization of a new antigen from human polymorphonuclears.
AB  - A new antigen was isolated from human tissue extracts. By immunofluorescence it
      was found only in granulocytic cells both in the cytoplasm and on the surface of
      these cells. It is an alpha-globulin having a molecular weight of approximately
      47,000. It is unglycosylated and does not bind to various lectins. Due to its
      electrophoretic mobility and its cellular localization, it was named alpha-G (for
      granulocytes) globulin.

PMID- 3888834
TI  - Serology of amoebiasis comparison of fluorescent antibody, indirect
      haemagglutination and counter immunoelectrophoresis tests.

PMID- 3888835
TI  - Red blood cell abnormalities and spontaneous hypertension in the rat. A
      genetically determined link.
AB  - The significance of the erythrocyte abnormalities described in rats and humans
      with spontaneous hypertension is far from clear. This study, in two highly inbred
      strains of rats, was designed to evaluate whether these abnormalities are primary
      and thus genetically related to hypertension. The Milan hypertensive strain (MHS)
      and its normotensive control strain (MNS) were used to carry out two types of
      experiments. In two groups of lethally irradiated (MHS X MNS) F1 hybrids, bone
      marrow from MHS or MNS was transplanted. The differences in red cell function
      between the recipients of bone marrow from MHS and recipients of bone marrow from
      MNS were similar to those existing between the parental donor MHS and MNS: Na+-K+
      cotransport was increased (p less than 0.02) and intracellular Na+ content (p
      less than 0.05) and cell volume (p less than 0.02) were decreased in MHS. The
      same pattern was observed when this experiment was repeated in different groups
      of F1 hybrids. In individuals of the segregating F2 population, obtained by
      crossing the (MHS X MNS) F1 hybrids, there was a positive correlation (p less
      than 0.001) between the red blood cell Na+-K+ cotransport and the mean blood
      pressure. These results indicate that the erythrocyte abnormalities may well be
      genetically associated with the primary cause of spontaneous hypertension in
      rats. Because of the many similarities demonstrated when young prehypertensive
      MHS or humans prone to develop hypertension are compared with their respective
      controls, it is possible that the findings described here in rats are relevant to
      human essential hypertension.

PMID- 3888836
TI  - Hypertension in hypoglycemic diabetics treated with beta-adrenergic antagonists.
AB  - To evaluate the response during insulin-induced hypoglycemia, diabetics treated
      with relatively selective or nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agents were
      studied. Placebo, atenolol (100 mg/day), and propranolol (80 mg b.i.d.) were
      administered to 12 insulin-treated diabetics for 1 week in a double-blind,
      randomized, crossover fashion with a 2-week washout between treatments.
      Sufficient intravenous insulin (0.2-0.6 units/kg) was administered to decrease
      plasma glucose 68% from the basal level or to less than 60 mg/dl within 90
      minutes. Blood pressure changes at the nadir of plasma glucose were +15.2/-9.9 mm
      Hg for placebo, +27.9/0 mm Hg for atenolol, and +38.8/+14.3 mm Hg for
      propranolol. Diastolic blood pressure changes induced by propranolol were
      significantly different from those induced by atenolol (p less than 0.01) and
      placebo (p less than 0.01), and systolic pressure changes were significantly
      different (p less than 0.02) between propranolol and atenolol. Mild seizures
      developed in two patients treated with propranolol. Their blood pressure changes
      at the plasma glucose nadir were +56/+22 and +86/+31 mm Hg. Other symptoms of
      hypoglycemia were more frequent during beta-blocker than during placebo
      treatment. Differences in response may be related to the relatively selective
      adrenergic blocking effect of these drugs.

PMID- 3888837
TI  - Sex differences in the endocrine predictors of essential hypertension.
      Vasopressin versus renin.
AB  - The relationships between arterial pressure (BP) and plasma vasopressin levels,
      plasma renin activity, and other variables were determined in 96 untreated
      essential hypertensive men (146/100 mm Hg) and women (153/102 mm Hg) whose
      average age was 44 years, 80 normal men and women (121/79 mm Hg; mean age, 47 +/-
      2 years), and 40 subjects defined as borderline hypertensive. An analysis of
      variance indicated significant sex differences in the population. Levels of
      plasma vasopressin were significantly elevated in hypertensive men, with 26%
      (high plasma vasopressin hypertensive) exhibiting levels greater than 2 SD of the
      normal mean, and multivariate regression analysis indicated a significant
      positive correlation between plasma vasopressin levels and systolic and diastolic
      blood pressure. Hypertensive men had a larger daily urine volume than normal men.
      Diastolic pressure and heart rate were significantly elevated in a subgroup of 12
      weight-matched and age-matched hypertensive men in the high plasma vasopressin
      group compared with levels in normal plasma vasopressin hypertensive men.
      Hypertensive women had lower plasma renin activity than normal women, and
      multivariate analysis indicated a significant negative correlation between plasma
      renin activity and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Other significant
      abnormalities in both sexes were noted: hypertensive men and women weighed more
      and excreted more sodium per day, and both had higher heart rates. With a
      discriminant analysis of 18 variables in male subjects, plasma vasopressin
      levels, urinary sodium excretion, and heart rate correctly classified 71% of
      normal and hypertensive subjects. In women, plasma renin activity, urinary sodium
      excretion, and heart rate correctly classified 77% of normal and hypertensive
      subjects. Despite the inability to ascertain causal relationships, the ability of
      the three variables in combination to correctly classify normal and hypertensive
      subjects indicates that these combined variables are reproducibly altered in
      persons with essential hypertension.

PMID- 3888838
TI  - Role of the macula densa in renin release.
AB  - To examine the role of the macula densa in renin release, afferent arterioles
      alone or afferent arterioles with the macula densa attached were microdissected
      from rabbit kidney and incubated in Medium 199 for two consecutive 30-minute
      periods. Renin concentration in the medium was measured using partially purified
      rabbit angiotensinogen. Renin release rate over 1 hour from a single arteriole
      (or an arteriole with macula densa) was calculated and expressed as nanograms of
      angiotensin I generated per hour per arteriole (or arteriole with macula densa)
      per hour incubation (ng of ANG I X hr-1 X Af-1/hour). Basal renin release rate
      from afferent arterioles was 0.69 +/- 0.13 ng of ANG I X hr-1 X Af-1/hour (mean
      +/- SEM, n = 9) and remained stable for 60 minutes. Basal renin release rate from
      arterioles with macula densa was 0.25 +/- 0.03 ng of ANG I X hr-1 X Af + MD
      1/hour (n = 9), which was significantly lower (p less than 0.025) than that from
      afferent arterioles alone. When furosemide (1.5 X 10(-3) M) was added to afferent
      arterioles alone, no significant change in renin release was observed (percent
      change from control; 24.8 +/- 29.9%; p greater than 0.05, n = 6). When furosemide
      was added to arterioles with macula densa attached, however, renin release
      increased by 387 +/- 46% (n = 7; p less than 0.001). After pretreatment with
      indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, furosemide still increased renin
      release from 0.17 +/- 0.03 to 0.60 +/- 0.10 ng of ANG I X hr-1 X Af + MD-1/hour
      (n = 4; p less than 0.05); however, indomethacin pretreatment reduced both the
      basal renin release rate and the absolute change in renin release induced by
      furosemide. We conclude that (1) the macula densa inhibits renin release in this
      preparation, (2) the macula densa plays a central role in furosemide-induced
      renin release, and (3) while the prostaglandin system is not essential for
      furosemide-induced renin release, it may be a modulating factor.

PMID- 3888839
TI  - [Insulin therapy].

PMID- 3888840
TI  - Lack of antibacterial activity after intravenous hydrogen peroxide infusion in
      experimental Escherichia coli sepsis.
AB  - The intravenous administration of hydrogen peroxide has been reported to benefit
      patients with pneumonia and to reduce Plasmodium parasitemia in experimentally
      infected mice. We assessed the antibacterial activity of intravenously infused
      hydrogen peroxide against hydrogen peroxide-susceptible Escherichia coli (MBC of
      hydrogen peroxide, 0.23 mM) in experimentally infected rabbits. No decrease in
      the level of bacteremia was detected at the maximum intravenous infusion rate of
      hydrogen peroxide physiologically tolerated by the rabbits (2.0 mumol/h).
      Moreover, the addition ex vivo of greater amounts of hydrogen peroxide to human
      or murine blood containing E. coli resulted in no detectable antibacterial
      action. In contrast, ethyl hydrogen peroxide, which is not affected by catalase,
      was bactericidal when added ex vivo to human blood containing E. coli. These
      results suggest that extracellular hydrogen peroxide, whether of exogenous or
      endogenous origin, does not have antibacterial activity in the blood of animals
      having even low levels of catalase.

PMID- 3888841
TI  - Inhibitory effect of estradiol-17 beta and progesterone on bactericidal activity
      in uteri of rabbits infected with Escherichia coli.
AB  - The influence of ovarian hormones at different estrous stages on the bactericidal
      activity of the uterus in rabbits was investigated. When Escherichia coli cells
      were inoculated in ligated uteri, the survival period of the bacteria in the
      uterus at the luteal phase was clearly longer than that at the follicular phase.
      At the luteal phase, high levels of plasma estradiol-17 beta and progesterone
      were detected. A luteolytic treatment with prostaglandin F2 alpha and human
      chorionic gonadotropin at the luteal phase lowered plasma progesterone levels and
      prompted bacterial clearance from the uterus. In ovariectomized rabbits, E. coli
      from the uterine exudates was not detected 6 days after the inoculation in both
      the nontreated and estradiol-17 beta-treated animals. In the progesterone-treated
      rabbits, the survival period of E. coli was longer than that in the nontreated
      and estradiol-17 beta-treated animals. When estradiol-17 beta and progesterone at
      the ratio of 1:100 were administered concurrently, E. coli survived for the
      longest period in the rabbits treated with various doses of different hormones.
      Formalin-killed E. coli cells were inoculated into the uterine lumen, and 4 h
      later the proportion of heterophils phagocytizing the bacteria dropped in the
      progesterone-treated rabbits and in the estradiol-17 beta- and progesterone
      treated rabbits, but there was no significant difference in heterophil numbers
      among the rabbits treated with different hormones. The present results suggest
      that progesterone inhibits the bactericidal activity of the uterus and that
      estrogen concurrently secreted at the luteal phase promotes the inhibitory action
      of progesterone, although estrogen alone hardly affects the uterine defense. In
      addition, the lowering of the bactericidal activity of the uterus at the luteal
      phase may be attributable to lower activity of phagocytosis by heterophils
      infiltrated into the uterine lumen.

PMID- 3888843
TI  - Binding of the two components of C2 toxin to epithelial cells and brush borders
      of mouse intestine.
AB  - C2 toxin elaborated by Clostridium botulinum types C and D is composed of two
      nonlinked protein components and has enterotoxic activity, for which the
      cooperation of these two components is necessary. In the present study, the
      binding of components I and II, the two components of C2 toxin, to isolated
      epithelial cells and brush borders of mouse intestine was examined.
      Immunofluorescence studies showed that component II, either trypsinized (T-II) or
      untrypsinized (UT-II), bound to the cells and the brush borders of mouse
      intestine, whereas component I alone did not. The binding of I was observed only
      when the cells and the brush borders were reacted with T-II, but not when they
      were reacted with UT-II. These results are consistent with the fact that the
      biological activities of C2 toxin are elicited by the combination of I and T-II,
      but not of I and UT-II. The in vitro binding of I and II to isolated brush
      borders of mouse intestinal cells also showed similar binding characteristics.
      The binding of I and II to brush borders was rapid and not temperature dependent.
      Ultracentrifugal analysis revealed that both I and T-II bound to microvillous
      membranes of the intestinal cells. The data from the present study indicate that
      the enterotoxic activity of C2 toxin is initiated by the binding of T-II to the
      microvillous membrane of intestinal cells followed by that of I, for which the
      site of the cell membrane is induced by the binding of T-II, but not of UT-II.

PMID- 3888842
TI  - Coaggregation of oral Bacteroides species with other bacteria: central role in
      coaggregation bridges and competitions.
AB  - Seventy-three freshly isolated oral strains representing 10 Bacteroides spp. were
      tested for their ability to coaggregate with other oral gram-negative and gram
      positive bacteria. None coaggregated with any of the gram-negative strains
      tested, which included Capnocytophaga gingivalis, C. ochracea, C. sputigena, and
      Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Strains of Bacteroides buccae, B.
      melaninogenicus, B. oralis, and B. gingivalis failed to coaggregate with any of
      the gram-positive strains tested. However, six Bacteroides spp. coaggregated with
      one or more species of gram-positive bacteria. Most isolates of B. buccalis, B.
      denticola, B. intermedius, B. loescheii, B. oris, and B. veroralis coaggregated
      with strains of Actinomyces israelii, A. viscosus, A. naeslundii, A.
      odontolyticus, Rothia dentocariosa, or Streptococcus sanguis. The strongest
      coaggregations involved B. denticola, B. loescheii, or B. oris; 22 of 25 strains
      coaggregated with A. israelii. Only B. loescheii interacted with certain strains
      of S. sanguis; these coaggregations were lactose inhibitable and were like
      coaggregations between A. viscosus and the same strains of S. sanguis. In fact,
      B. loescheii and A. viscosus were competitors for binding to S. sanguis. Many
      bacteroides also acted as coaggregation bridges by mediating coaggregations
      between two noncoaggregating cell types (e.g., S. sanguis and A. israelii).
      Evidence for binding-site competition and coaggregation bridging involving
      noncoaggregating cell types from three different genera provides support for the
      hypothesis that these intergeneric cell-to-cell interactions have an active role
      in bacterial colonization of the oral cavity.

PMID- 3888844
TI  - Cross-reacting human and rabbit antibodies to antigens of Histoplasma capsulatum,
      Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Using Western blots of electrophoretically separated antigens, we show that human
      antibodies react most frequently to antigens shared by three fungi (Histoplasma
      capsulatum, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Reactivity to
      antigens specific for individual fungi was relatively uncommon. The pattern of
      reactivity could not distinguish infected patients from uninfected controls.
      Rabbits immunized with extracts of each fungus also produced antibodies to cross
      reactive or shared antigens of the other two fungi. Furthermore, preimmune sera
      showed similar but lower reactivity with the same fungal antigens. We believe
      that the preimmunization antibodies, which probably resulted from earlier fungal
      colonization or inapparent infections, predisposed the immune responses elicited
      by the vaccinations. A similar mechanism likely explains the results with human
      sera.

PMID- 3888845
TI  - Elicitation of enteroluminal neutrophils by enterotoxigenic and
      nonenterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli in swine.
AB  - In intact neonatal piglets, two strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
      (ETEC), which could adhere to epithelial cells and thus colonize the small
      intestine, attracted greater numbers of neutrophils into the lumen and wall of
      the intestine than did a nonenteropathogenic strain of E. coli. Ligated loops of
      small intestine in 8-week-old pigs were used in attempts to identify the
      attributes of ETEC involved in stimulating an increased enteroluminal migration
      of neutrophils. A nonenteropathogenic strain of E. coli did not attract
      neutrophils into the intestinal lumen in this model. However, three of the five
      ETEC strains tested did so. The three positive strains all produced heat-stable
      enterotoxin type b (STb). Neither of the negative ETEC strains produced STb. An
      STb-containing culture supernatant prepared from a strain of E. coli which
      contained an STb plasmid did not attract significantly more neutrophils than did
      a control supernatant prepared from the same strain of E. coli without the
      plasmid. The ETEC strains which attracted neutrophils in loops did not associate
      intimately with loop villi more consistently, nor did they grow to higher numbers
      in loops than strains which did not. It was concluded that there are increased
      numbers of neutrophils in the intestinal lumen during ETEC infection of newborn
      pigs. However, attempts to identify the attribute(s) of ETEC responsible for
      eliciting enteroluminal neutrophils were not successful.

PMID- 3888846
TI  - Escherichia coli contains plasmids coding for heat-stable b, other enterotoxins,
      and antibiotic resistance.
AB  - Plasmid DNAs obtained from 18 Escherichia coli isolates that hybridized with the
      heat-stable b (ST-b) enterotoxin gene probe were examined by Southern blot
      analysis for genes coding for heat-labile, ST-a, and ST-b enterotoxins with
      specific radiolabeled DNA probes. Four E. coli isolates contained plasmids coding
      for both heat-labile and ST-b enterotoxins, and one isolate contained a plasmid
      coding for ST-a and ST-b. Five of 11 isolates of antibiotic-resistant
      enterotoxigenic E. coli isolates containing ST-b-coding DNA transferred a plasmid
      coding for both antibiotic resistance and ST-b to E. coli K-12, suggesting that
      the widespread use of antibiotics could increase the distribution of genes coding
      for ST-b.

PMID- 3888847
TI  - A rare presentation of systemic salmonellosis.
AB  - We are reporting an unusual case of disseminated Salmonella enteritidis D, phage
      group E2 infection in an 18-year-old male, which was resistant to massive
      antibiotic treatment. Rare complications such as pylephlebitis, mediastinal
      adenopathy, osteomyelitis with pathological clavicular fracture, osteitis and
      spondylitis were observed. We found an immunological defect that no doubt
      contributed to this severe illness.

PMID- 3888848
TI  - [Special interest groups].

PMID- 3888849
TI  - Pregnancy diagnosis in cattle.

PMID- 3888851
TI  - The cariogenic potential of foods--a critical review of current methods.
AB  - Current methods used in examining the cariogenic potential of foods are plaque pH
      measurements, measurements of adhesiveness of foods, experimental caries models
      and animal tests. pH measurements can be used for separating the non-acidogenic
      foods from the acidogenic ones but they are not suitable for separating foods
      with different levels of caries inducing potential. This is illustrated by the
      fact that virtually all foods which contain carbohydrates cause the pH of human
      plaque to fall below 5.5. Cooked rice and beans also give such a pH drop but
      these foods have a very low caries-inducing potential, as shown in studies of
      persons with hereditary fructose intolerance. Furthermore, experimentation has
      shown that acid formation and enamel dissolution are not directly correlated.
      Animal models exist in which various test foods can be examined under identical
      conditions. By using the same microbial challenge and a reference food, for
      example sucrose, the relative cariogenic potential of a test food can be
      calculated. One limitation with these animal models is that the foods have to be
      given in powdered form and not in the physical form in which they are consumed by
      humans. The main objection against most of the current methods is that they
      reflect important factors in our concept of the pathogenesis of dental caries
      only to a limited extent. For example, only the animal tests can be used to
      illustrate the extent to which foods support the colonization of S. mutans on
      teeth. The qualitative composition of the plaque is practically never considered.
      A series of tests can, however, be combined to give more relevant information
      about the caries-inducing potential of foods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3888850
TI  - Environmental exposure to cadmium and renal function of elderly women living in
      cadmium-polluted areas of the Federal Republic of Germany.
AB  - An epidemiological study was performed to assess whether environmental pollution
      by cadmium as found in cadmium-polluted areas of the Federal Republic of Germany
      is associated with an increased prevalence of biological signs of kidney
      dysfunction in population groups non-occupationally exposed to heavy metals. The
      study was run in two industrial areas known to be highly contaminated by cadmium,
      lead and other heavy metals, viz. Stolberg and Duisburg. Dusseldorf was selected
      as a reference area. As a study population we selected 65- and 66-year-old women
      (n = 286) who had spent the major part of their lives in one of these areas. The
      average cadmium levels in blood (CdB) and urine (CdU) revealed significant
      differences in exposure to cadmium in the order Stolberg greater than Duisburg
      greater than Dusseldorf. Serum creatinine levels were, on average, significantly
      higher in the Stolberg group than in the Duisburg and Dusseldorf groups. However,
      with respect to the urinary excretion of low molecular weight proteins (beta 2
      microglobulin, retinol-binding protein), albuminuria, total proteinuria,
      aminoaciduria, phosphaturia and some other biological findings, no significant
      differences between the study populations were noted. Similarly, the prevalence
      of clinically-confirmed hypertension as well as the relative frequency of
      hypertensive subjects (systolic greater than or equal to 160 and/or diastolic
      greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg) did not differ significantly among the three
      study groups. There was no exposure-response relationship between CdU and tubular
      proteinuria in the range of the CdU-levels found (0.1 to 5.2 micrograms/g
      creatinine). However, albuminuria tended to be increased at CdU levels greater
      than 2 micrograms/g creatinine.

PMID- 3888852
TI  - Field trials of preventive regimens in Thailand and French Polynesia.
AB  - Field demonstration trials of preventive agents or methods are needed so that the
      effectiveness and acceptability of such methods can be evaluated when used as
      part of the prevailing system and life style in a particular community. Agents so
      tested should have already been shown in a clinical trial to have a positive
      effect. Field demonstration trials differ from clinical trials in having no
      traditional control group; the study is not 'blind'; there is no special
      supervision and there is no special selection of participants. Results of two
      field demonstration trials, one in a population in Thailand with moderate but
      increasing caries severity and the other in French Polynesia, where caries
      severity is very high, are reported. The trials compared the effectiveness of
      various chewing gum formulations with the effectiveness of a fortnightly
      supervised sodium fluoride rinse. One gum formulation contained fluoride and was
      sweetened with sucrose or xylitol and sorbitol, the other was fluoride free and
      was sweetened with xylitol and sorbitol. The important information from these
      field trials is that a fluoride-containing chewing gum sweetened with
      xylitol/sorbitol appears to be effective in controlling caries experience even in
      communities apparently experiencing an increase of the disease; and that the
      apparent effectiveness was achieved in a field situation subject to all the
      problems of a programme not under a rigid clinical trial type of control. The
      fluoride-containing chewing gum-sucrose regime, in both the trials, and the non
      fluoride chewing gum-xylitol/sorbitol regime in the French Polynesia trial failed
      to exhibit any notable preventive effect.

PMID- 3888853
TI  - Resorption related to orthodontics and some morphological features of the
      periodontal microvascular bed.

PMID- 3888854
TI  - Microscale syntheses of anti-tumour platinum compounds labelled with 191Pt.
AB  - Several compounds of platinum have been found to have significant anti-tumour
      activity and are in various stages of clinical trials. Four such compounds: cis
      PtCl2(NH3)2, cis PtCl2(cyclopropylamine)2, cis,trans-PtCl2(OH)2(isopropylamine)2
      and cis-Pt(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylate) (NH3)2 were synthesised with radioactive
      platinum-191 as a label for the study of animal organ distribution, patient blood
      clearance, urinary excretion and renal uptake and clearance. This paper describes
      the microscale synthesis of these compounds. Purification and quality control
      procedures are also described.

PMID- 3888855
TI  - Adoptive immunotherapy of intracerebral murine lymphomas: role of different
      lymphoid populations.
AB  - In an attempt to elucidate the cellular mechanisms responsible for the
      therapeutic activity of systemic immunotherapy in an adoptive transfer system,
      lymphoma cells were implanted i.c. It was found that, upon peripheral injection
      of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes with specificity for the tumor, the cells reached and
      infiltrated the diseased brain but did not accumulate selectively in the
      malignant graft. In order to accomplish significant tumor inhibition, the infused
      lymphocytes, largely expressing the Lyt-1+2+ phenotype, apparently cooperated
      with radioresistant phagocytic cells present in histocompatible hosts and athymic
      mice.

PMID- 3888856
TI  - Acute effects of acetylsalicylic acid on renal and hepatic function in normal
      humans.
AB  - The effect of a single oral dose (1 g) of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on renal
      function and hepatic enzymes as well as prothrombin time was studied in two
      series of experiments on normal human volunteers. Radioimmunoassay of albumin and
      beta 2-microglobulin excretion rates in urine revealed a statistically
      significant increase in both beta 2-microglobulin and albumin excretion rates
      within 2 h after dosage. Hepatic enzymes were not influenced by a single dose of
      ASA, while a statistically significant reduction in prothrombin time was
      registered. High-pressure liquid chromatography was used for measuring serum
      levels of ASA and salicylic acid (SA). Peak levels of 500 mumol/l and 150 mumol/l
      for SA and ASA, respectively, were found.

PMID- 3888857
TI  - Double-blind crossover clinical trial of oxyfedrine and propranolol in angina
      pectoris.
AB  - The comparative efficacy and safety of oxyfedrine and propranolol in the
      management of angina pectoris was evaluated in a double-blind randomized cross
      over study. Out of 21 patients registered, 14 completed the study. Three patients
      dropped out due to poor response and 4 were lost to follow up. Both the drugs
      i.e. oxyfedrine (8-24 mg three times a day) and propranolol (40-80 mg three times
      a day) produced a significant reduction in the incidence of anginal attacks and
      the consumption of nitroglycerine tablets. Propranolol produced a better response
      than oxyfedrine although the difference was not significant. This may be due to
      the small sample size. No change in heart rate and rate-pressure product was
      observed with oxyfedrine, in contrast to that seen with propranolol. The
      beneficial effect of treatment on exercise tolerance and ST-segment depression
      was more marked with propranolol. No significant change in laboratory parameters
      was observed with either drug.

PMID- 3888859
TI  - Drug misuse and dependency in women: the meaning and implications of being
      considered a special population or minority group.

PMID- 3888858
TI  - Use of a combination of an anti-inflammatory steroid, an antibacterial agent and
      an antifungal in dermatological practice.
AB  - Forty patients with skin diseases of various origins were treated with a
      combination of three creams, the respective bases of which were clobetasone
      butyrate, sodium fusidate and ketoconazole. Satisfactory results were obtained in
      97.5% of cases, with remission of symptoms and good healing of lesions. Tolerance
      was excellent in 97.5% of cases, with only one patient complaining of burning
      sensations after the applications.

PMID- 3888861
TI  - Federal drug abuse policy and minority group issues--reflections of a participant
      observer.

PMID- 3888860
TI  - Drug and alcohol abuse intervention in American Indian communities.
AB  - American Indian tribes are seen as an anachronism by many non-Indian people. Most
      would acknowledge that Indians provided a colorful chapter in American history,
      but apart from contemporary Indian arts and crafts little serious thought is
      given to their way of life. In fact, however, Indian culture has survived a
      period of strong attack and today it is vital and growing. The historical
      conflicts between Indian and White ways of life are still not totally resolved,
      and there are major differences in thinking as to whether tribes should be
      assimilated into the larger culture or allowed to pursue an alternate cultural
      path. In its ambivalence toward Indian people the federal government has fostered
      a state of dependency which has made problem resolution extremely difficult.
      Federal policy has vacillated between paternalistic and repressive, which has led
      to much inertia within both Indian communities and those groups intended to help
      them. Currently there is a strong activist climate on Indian reservations and the
      result is a vigorous move toward self-determination. Not only are Indian people
      asking for self-government, but they are attempting to revitalize their
      traditional culture and maintain a unique alternative to the beliefs, values, and
      customs of the larger society. Within this historical/cultural context, drug and
      alcohol abuse exist as major problems for Indian people. Extant data point to
      alcoholism as perhaps the number one health problem for many tribes. The
      consequences of drug abuse are not as well documented, but recent survey data
      from Indian school students point to an extremely serious situation. Drug use
      rates are above national norms and appear to be rapidly increasing. Interventions
      in Indian communities must be congruent with the current movement toward self
      determination. Externally imposed solutions, at a minimum, will not work and
      probably will only add to the sense of failure experienced by Indian people. The
      dynamics of drug and alcohol use are rooted in the health of the community. Where
      there is cynicism, despair, and a withering of the basic human spirit, substance
      abuse will prevail. Alternately, if the spirit of the community can be bolstered
      and hope developed through communal action and mutual support, solutions to abuse
      problems will be forthcoming. When the community has clearly decided its position
      on the use of chemicals it will be in a position to construct programs and
      request external assistance. Substance abuse intervention is a local problem and
      can be resolved best through local initiative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3888862
TI  - The drug user as a parent.

PMID- 3888863
TI  - Piroxicam versus naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind, cross-over
      study.
AB  - Piroxicam 20 mg daily was compared with naproxen 1000 mg daily in a double-blind
      cross-over study of 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A comparison was also
      made with the pre-trial medication. The effect of the pre-trial medication,
      piroxicam and naproxen, were found to be similar. The side-effects of piroxicam
      and naproxen were similar and mild.

PMID- 3888864
TI  - Double-blind multicentre study of the activity of S-adenosylmethionine in hip and
      knee osteoarthritis.
AB  - A randomized double-blind multicentre clinical trial was carried out to verify
      the effectiveness and tolerance of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) versus ibuprofen
      in 150 patients with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis. Both drugs were given orally
      400 mg thrice daily for 30 days. SAMe exhibited a slightly more marked activity
      than the reference drug in the management of the various painful manifestations
      of the joint disease. Minor side-effects developed in five patients of SAMe
      group, and in 16 patients of ibuprofen group. No drop-outs occurred. No changes
      were observed in the routine laboratory tests.

PMID- 3888865
TI  - Multicentre clinical study with flunoxaprofen in osteoarthritis: preliminary data
      on 154 patients.
AB  - Flunoxaprofen S-(+)-2 [p-fluorophenyl]-alpha-methyl-5-benzoxazole acetic acid, a
      new propionic acid derivative, was studied to investigate its long-term
      effectiveness and tolerability in the management of osteoarthritis (OA). To the
      study were admitted 154 patients suffering from radiologically proven OA of the
      large joints; 37% of them were hospitalized. The patients received flunoxaprofen
      100 mg twice daily for a period of 45-60 days. The variables investigated were:
      pain at rest, pain on passive motion and pain on active motion with or without
      load, quality of sleep, articular flexion. In addition, the usual clinical and
      laboratory controls were carried out (arterial blood pressure, hepatic and renal
      function tests, haematological examinations). The assessments were made before
      and at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of treatment. The results obtained show significant
      improvements for all variables considered and a very good tolerability of the
      drug concerning either laboratory controls or adverse reactions.

PMID- 3888866
TI  - Immunostimulatory properties of ethylene-2,2' -bis(dithio)bis(ethanol) and
      related compounds in vivo.
AB  - ADA 202-718, as well as HEDS and higher homologues of ADA 202-718, were found to
      profoundly stimulate the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction in mice when
      given i.p. or orally in a dose range of 0.1 - 10 mg/kg. While even a single
      application of ADA 202-718 at the time of sensitization resulted in a stimulation
      of the hypersensitivity reaction, administration of the compound at the time of
      challenge was without effect. When ADA 202-718 was given to animals which were
      subjected to immunosuppressive therapy by cyclosporine, the suppressed
      hypersensitivity reaction was restored to normal. At much higher doses (50-200
      mg/kg) ADA 202-718 enhanced the local graft-vs-host reaction in the rat. ADA 202
      718 did not interfere with the suppressed graft-vs-host reaction obtained by
      immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporine nor with the immunosuppressed skin
      transplant rejection. Single applications of HEDS or ADA 202-718 enhanced the
      humoral response of mice to sheep erythrocytes as well as to haptenized sheep or
      chicken erythrocytes. Although antibody levels at the time of maximal antibody
      production (day 4 for IgM) were only moderately enhanced, elevated antibody
      titres (IgM and IgG) were found even 23 days after sensitization. The age
      dependent decreased humoral response of mice to sheep erythrocytes tended to be
      partially restored by twice weekly oral applications of HEDS or ADA 202-718 (0.1
      to 1 mg/kg for 4 weeks). ADA 202-718 did not decrease the swelling in the
      Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis in the rat, but reduced the pain in this
      model. Swelling in a locally induced oedema was reduced in a dose-independent
      fashion. ADA 202-718 was more effective than acetyl salicylic acid in alleviating
      the oedema-associated pain.

PMID- 3888868
TI  - The effects of prostaglandin E and I analogues on lymphocyte stimulation.
AB  - The prostacyclin analogue carbacyclin and the prostaglandin E analogues hydantoin
      no. 245C77 and no. 454C77 were potent inhibitors of mitogen-stimulated DNA and
      protein synthesis by cultured pig peripheral blood lymphocytes with ID50
      concentrations between 10(-5) and 10(-8)M. These effects were comparable to those
      of PGE2. Strong inhibition was observed only with carbacyclin when human
      lymphocyte cultures were used. These results show that stable prostaglandin
      analogues may exhibit at least some of the activities of the naturally occurring
      PGE2 in this system, and support the concept that prostacyclins may also play a
      role in regulating immunological responses.

PMID- 3888867
TI  - Potential use of human interleukin 2 as an adjunct for the therapy of neoplasia,
      immunodeficiency and infectious disease.
AB  - Experimental and clinical systems have been developed to analyze both the in
      vitro and in vivo effects of highly purified interleukin 2 (IL2) as a potential
      therapeutic adjunct for neoplasia, immunodeficiency and infectious disease.
      Animal models, clinical in vitro studies, as well as preliminary clinical trials
      of IL2 in vivo show that this lymphokine may provide a necessary signal for the
      activation of thymus-derived T cells in immunologically-compromised hosts.

PMID- 3888869
TI  - Enhancement of in vitro antibody responses by human serum proteins cleaved by
      trypsin.
AB  - Tryptic cleavage of human serum proteins remarkably enhanced in vitro plaque
      forming cell (PFC) responses of mouse spleen cells primed with sheep erythrocytes
      (SE). Moreover, trypsin cleaved proteins could mimic the activity of T-cells in
      immune responses of SE-primed B cells. Eluted with 6 M guanidine-HCl on a
      Sepharose 6B-CL Column, the activity was found in the fraction corresponding to
      the molecular weight greater than 100,000. The results suggest that tryptic
      cleavage of human serum proteins produced a factor(s) that resembled the T-cell
      augmentation of B-cell immune responses.

PMID- 3888870
TI  - Latin American health policy and additive reform: the case of Guatemala.
AB  - Until the mid-1960s, the market-based, dependent-development-conditioned
      structure of Latin American health systems reflected the skewed distribution of
      wealth in the region: most (including government) health resources were found in
      curative care medicine and were concentrated in the capital cities, where they
      primarily served the needs of the elite. But for many countries of the area, the
      1964 PAHO-led efforts to introduce health planning, intended as a first step in
      rationalizing the health sector, marked a fundamental turning point in the
      structural development of their delivery systems. Since then, this commitment has
      been reaffirmed in the Latin American Ministers of Health's 1973 adoption of the
      primary care approach as the cornerstone of their national health plans, and
      their ongoing endorsement and pursuit of "Health For All by 2000." Guatemala,
      however, was and remains an exception. Guatemalan technocrats have proven unable
      to plan effectively. But, far more fundamentally, the Guatemalan oligarchy has
      proven unwilling to appropriate the resources necessary to effect change. The
      reforms that have been made have been the products of bilateral and multilateral
      agencies, which have conceptualized, promoted, designed, built, and underwritten
      them. Those changes have not altered the fundamental structure of the system, but
      instead have been tacked onto it, and exemplify what may be termed "additive
      reform." Evidence suggests that without the continued sponsorship, support, and
      guidance of the bilateral and multilateral agencies, even these "reforms" will
      prove evanescent.

PMID- 3888871
TI  - Pemphigus erythematosus. Senear-Usher syndrome.

PMID- 3888872
TI  - Alopecia areata.

PMID- 3888873
TI  - Gingival crevicular fluid and its use in diagnosis of disease.

PMID- 3888874
TI  - Antinuclear antibodies (ANA). How useful is the ANA test today?

PMID- 3888875
TI  - Fibrocystic disease of the breast.

PMID- 3888876
TI  - Arabian contributors to dermatology.

PMID- 3888877
TI  - Mycotic diseases. A proposed nomenclature.

PMID- 3888878
TI  - Tripterygium in dermatologic therapy.

PMID- 3888879
TI  - Clues to pathogenesis of toxic epidermal necrolysis.

PMID- 3888880
TI  - Bullous pemphigoid. Occurrence in a patient with mycosis fungoides receiving PUVA
      and topical nitrogen mustard therapy.
AB  - A 57-year-old woman with mycosis fungoides developed blisters within cutaneous
      plaques while receiving PUVA therapy and topical nitrogen mustard. Direct and
      indirect immunofluorescence studies showed the findings of bullous pemphigoid.
      Her bullous disease was controlled after cessation of these therapies and
      institution of prednisone and methotrexate. During the 5 months following
      completion of a course of electron-beam therapy, she has been free of the
      cutaneous manifestations of both diseases. Previous instances of PUVA-related
      pemphigoid have occurred in psoriatics. The role of ultraviolet light in the
      induction of pemphigoid is discussed, particularly with regard to its possible
      interaction with the altered skin of psoriasis or mycosis fungoides. Some of the
      rare cases of bullous mycosis fungoides might actually have represented
      ultraviolet-unmasked bullous pemphigoid.

PMID- 3888881
TI  - History of tropical dermatology.

PMID- 3888882
TI  - Effect of interferon on the infectivity of Trypanosoma cruzi in cultured HeLa
      cells.

PMID- 3888883
TI  - A special issue in honor of Willem Arnold Manschot on his 70th birthday.

PMID- 3888884
TI  - Willem A. Manschot and his impact on ophthalmic pathology.

PMID- 3888885
TI  - Acanthamoeba keratitis. A clinicopathological case report.
AB  - A case of amoebic keratitis is described in a 34-year-old male patient who got
      glass wool dust in his eye. The keratitis ran a chronic course over more than 8
      months and was resistant to topical antibiotics, steroids and antiviral drugs. A
      perforating keratoplasty was performed, and 1 year later the condition appears
      satisfactory. Histopathological examination of the corneal disc revealed many
      encysted amoebae which were classified as belonging to the genus Acanthamoeba.
      This is the first case of amoebic keratitis to be recorded in Belgium. The report
      includes a review of the literature on the subject.

PMID- 3888886
TI  - Prednisone versus placebo in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: long-term
      clinicopathological correlations.
AB  - Eighteen children with primary MPGN were included in a double blind controlled
      study. Experimental group received prednisone and control group received lactose.
      Studies of renal biopsy on admission, at 3 yr (17 pt) and 5 yr (8 pt) were
      performed. Mean time of observation in both groups was similar (6.5 yr). Four
      patients of the control group developed ESRD and none of the experimental group.
      Two patients of the control and one of the experimental group remitted. Serial
      immunopathological studies showed decreasing mesangial cellularity, thickening of
      the capillary walls and deposits in both groups. Increase tubulointerstitial
      alterations and percentage of global sclerotic glomeruli was generally observed
      except in cases in whom proteinuria disappeared. Our results suggest that
      prednisone therapy may retard the development of ESRD in children with MPGN.
      However, longer periods of observation and greater number of cases are necessary
      to confirm if this treatment in useful.

PMID- 3888887
TI  - Bartter syndrome in two siblings--antenatal and neonatal observations.
AB  - Bartter syndrome was diagnosed in two siblings born to healthy unrelated parents.
      Each pregnancy was complicated by severe polyhydramnios. The first child was
      treated with indomethacin from the age of then weeks on. At the age of six years
      he is doing very well: height is 109.9 cm (P3) and weight 17.8 (P3). Studies of
      the amniotic fluid during the mother's second pregnancy showed high chloride
      concentrations (112, 117, and 119 mEq/l), normal levels of sodium, potassium,
      calcium and creatinine and low prostaglandin E2 (5.0-22.3 pg/ml) and F2 alpha (36
      71.7 pg/ml) concentrations. Severe chloride and sodium wasting after birth
      resulted in hypochloremia, hyponatremia and dehydration. Concomitantly an
      immediate and striking increase in urinary PGE2 excretion from 45 to 1022 pg/ml
      was observed. Indomethacin therapy had to be stopped after one week when
      necrotising enterocolitis developed.

PMID- 3888888
TI  - [Overdenture: treatment methods for the abutments].

PMID- 3888889
TI  - [Transplantation of autologous bone in apicoectomized teeth].

PMID- 3888890
TI  - [Various practical applications of a method used for the preparation of temporary
      immediate complete dentures].

PMID- 3888891
TI  - [Occlusion and articulation of partial removable dentures].

PMID- 3888892
TI  - [Preparation of a fused post-core, by a direct method, using autopolymerizing
      resins].

PMID- 3888893
TI  - [Preparation, by a direct technic, of fused post-cores, made for veneering with
      autopolymerizing resins].

PMID- 3888894
TI  - [In vivo clinical evaluation of the presence of marginal fractures in
      conventional amalgam].

PMID- 3888895
TI  - Radiation sensitization of Escherichia coli B/r by 2'-chloro-2'-deoxythymidine
      under various irradiation conditions.
AB  - In order to elucidate the mechanism of sensitization of E. coli B/r cells to X
      irradiation by 2'-chloro-2'-deoxythymidine (2'Cl-TdR), the survival curves of the
      cells in which 2'Cl-TdR was incorporated into DNA were obtained following X
      irradiation under various conditions. The marked sensitization of E. coli cells
      by 2'Cl-TdR to the killing action of X-rays was observed, when E. coli cells
      labelled with 2'Cl-TdR were exposed to X-rays in the absence of oxygen as well as
      in the presence of oxygen. The sensitization factor calculated from inactivation
      constants from survival curves irradiated in the absence of O2 was about a half
      of that obtained in the presence of O2. Under the conditions where 2'Cl-TdR was
      not incorporated into the DNA of E. coli cells, the presence of 2'Cl-TdR in the
      cell suspension fluid at the time of irradiation caused no sensitization of the
      cells to X-irradiation. The sensitization factor for 2'Cl-TdR obtained under N2O
      was almost same as that obtained under N2. It was also observed that the
      sensitization factor obtained in the presence of glycerol at a concentration of 1
      mol dm-3 under N2 was similar to that obtained in the absence of glycerol. These
      results indicated that the direct effect of ionizing radiation on DNA was closely
      associated with the sensitization of E. coli B/r cells by 2'Cl-TdR and that the
      radical at the C-2' position of the deoxyribose moiety in DNA produced by X
      irradiation was transformed into lethal damage for E. coli cells even in the
      absence of O2. However, this transformation occurred more efficiently in the
      presence of O2 than in the absence of O2.

PMID- 3888896
TI  - The effect of total body gamma-irradiation on mortality, egg production and egg
      weight of Japanese quails.
AB  - Male and female Japanese quail 21 weeks old, that were given total body doses of
      60Co gamma-rays ranging from 0 to 30 Gy, showed a peak in mortality at 6-8 days
      post-irradiation. The LD 50/30 was 22.5 Gy, and the LD 90/30 was 26.7 Gy. No
      differences were evident in mortality between males and females. The reduction in
      egg production by 30 days post-irradiation was related linearly to the dose, for
      doses above 6 Gy. The reduction in egg weight (30 days post-irradiation laying
      period) was also related linearly to the dose.

PMID- 3888897
TI  - Pseudo aneurysm of the external carotid artery: report of a case.
AB  - The authors report a case of left otorrhagia in a 1-year-old male infant in the
      presence of a mass involving the parotideal and upper cervical regions, which had
      appeared after an infection of the upper airways. Non-invasive techniques, such
      as echography and CT scan, provided useful but contradicting information. Surgery
      allowed us to define the diagnosis of mycotic aneurysm of the external carotid
      artery. The authors, after pointing out the extreme rarity of such a pathology,
      discuss the ethiopathogenetic theories, the clinical features, the diagnosis and
      the surgical and medical treatment of the disease. Concerning surgery ligation of
      the external carotid artery is the treatment of choice, since distally the blood
      flow is provided by a conspicuous collateral circle and because a possible
      postoperative septic dissemination is avoided.

PMID- 3888898
TI  - The post-prophylaxis periodontal abscess: etiology and treatment.

PMID- 3888899
TI  - The acute periodontal abscess: microbial penetration of the soft tissue wall.

PMID- 3888900
TI  - Treatment of a case of advanced periodontitis: clinical procedures utilizing the
      "combined preparation" technique.

PMID- 3888901
TI  - Should routine throat cultures be done in hospital personnel complaining of a
      sore throat?
AB  - In a 750-bed community-teaching hospital with 3,200 employees, throat cultures
      were routinely done in hospital personnel complaining of a sore throat. During a
      3-month period, 323 employees had throat cultures; only 20 (6.2%) of these throat
      cultures grew group A streptococcus. The prevalence of positive throat cultures
      was similarly low in employees (6.2%) and adult patients (7.3%). There was no
      evidence that employees either had higher prevalence of group A streptococcal
      pharyngitis or that they spread the infection to patients. It is concluded that
      routine throat cultures are not warranted in employees complaining of a sore
      throat, and that throat cultures should be done only selectively in hospital
      personnel with a high probability of group A streptococcal pharyngitis.

PMID- 3888902
TI  - Haemophilus ducreyi.
AB  - Haemophilus ducreyi is the etiologic agent of chancroid, an infection which is
      endemic in tropical and subtropical areas of the world and which is becoming more
      prevalent in Europe and North America. Recently, several strains have
      demonstrated resistance to several antimicrobials by plasmid acquisition and cell
      envelope alteration making control of the spread of this organism a challenge.
      Equally challenging is the growth of this organism in the clinical microbiology
      laboratory because of its in vitro fastidious nature. Currently, the therapy of
      choice for Haemophilus ducreyi infection is trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole or
      erythromycin. Plasmid enumeration and restriction endonuclease fingerprinting in
      addition to outer membrane protein profiles may provide a basis for subtyping
      which would be useful in epidemiologic studies.

PMID- 3888903
TI  - The value of transurethral sonography in tumours of the urinary bladder.
AB  - The authors report on their first experience obtained in the field of
      transurethral sonography in cases of tumours of the urinary bladder. Sonography
      is a method without complication and risks. TNM classification of urinary bladder
      tumours is possible. A special advantage of this method of investigation is that
      sonography can be performed directly before transurethral tumour resection.
      Moreover, during the postoperative period, sonography can be combined with any
      kind of control cystoscopic investigation. The determination of the depth of
      infiltration and extension of the tumour is a prerequisite of therapeutic
      procedures in cases of cancer of the bladder.

PMID- 3888904
TI  - [Physiological and pathophysiological connections of the upper and lower airways
      with special reference to immunological and nonimmunological diseases of the
      respiratory tract].

PMID- 3888906
TI  - [Rehabilitation of airway diseases].

PMID- 3888905
TI  - [Possibilities of laser therapy in intrabronchial occlusions].

PMID- 3888907
TI  - [Air pollution and airway disease].

PMID- 3888908
TI  - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhage and splenomegaly in a 43-year-old man].

PMID- 3888909
TI  - Growth characteristics of clonal cell populations constituting a B16 melanoma
      metastasis model system.
AB  - Three distinct dissemination-related phenotypes have been distinguished among
      cell subpopulations of the mouse B16 melanoma: tumorigenicity, spontaneous
      metastasis from subcutaneous tumors, and organ colonization following intravenous
      injection of cells. From a progenitor clone (G3) of tumorigenic but nonmetastatic
      and noncolonizing (null) cells that underwent phenotypic diversification in vitro
      and in vivo, 4 subclones were obtained: G3.5 (culture-generated metastatic),
      G3.12 (tumor-generated metastatic), G3.15 (culture-generated null), and G3.26
      (tumor-generated colonizing). The growth potentials of the parent clone and
      derived subclones were investigated comparatively in in vivo assays
      (tumorigenicity, tumor growth rate, and lung colonization potential), monolayer
      culture assays (generation time, saturation density, clonogenicity, and rate of
      detachment by trypsin), and in soft agar. In overall growth potential, G3.26
      greater than G3.12 greater than G3, G3.5 greater than G3.15. These results
      indicate that metastatic populations of the B16 melanoma are not the most rapidly
      and effectively growing cells obtainable from that tumor.

PMID- 3888910
TI  - 1984 Iowa update on organ donation and transplantation.

PMID- 3888911
TI  - Biographical sketches--51. Willughby.

PMID- 3888912
TI  - Hideyo Noguchi's luetin experiment and the antivivisectionists.

PMID- 3888913
TI  - The cognitive basis of the discipline. Claude Bernard on physiology.

PMID- 3888915
TI  - Preparation and allotransplantation of isolated hepatocytes in partially
      hepatectomized rats.
AB  - Three different dissociation techniques of rat liver were compared and yield,
      viability and morphology of the obtained cells were evaluated. The isolation
      methods used in this study were: 1. Enzymatic by immersion; 2. Mechanical; 3.
      Enzymatic by perfusion. The first method supplied 3.91 +/- 1.67 X 10(6) cells/g
      tissue (X +/- Standard Deviation) and a viability of 52.8 +/- 24.3%. The second
      method supplied 25.9 +/- 5.68 X 10(6) cells/g tissue and a viability of 62.3 +/-
      18.6%. The third method supplied 50.5 +/- 26.6 X 10(6) cells/g tissue and a
      viability of 87 +/- 5.6%. The hepatocytes obtained according to the three methods
      were then transplanted into the spleen of allogeneic rats after partial
      hepatectomy. Allotransplantation of hepatocytes in partially hepatectomized rats
      proved to inhibit remaining liver regeneration in comparison to partially
      hepatectomized control rats using mechanically isolated hepatocytes (p less than
      0.05), while the allotransplantation of hepatocytes obtained by the two enzymatic
      methods did not modify significantly liver regeneration.

PMID- 3888916
TI  - Epidemiological study of oral health among the elderly of Baka, a Jerusalem
      neighborhood.
AB  - This epidemiological study of the elderly in a Jerusalem neighborhood assessed
      oral health using five indicators: prevalence of oral mucosal conditions, denture
      condition, the age of dentures, oral hygiene status and periodontal condition.
      The utilization by the elderly of dental services and their awareness of their
      oral problems were also surveyed. Ninety-six percent of the elderly population
      were assessed as needing oral care. The capacity of the subsidized dental
      services in Jerusalem covers only about 15% of the elderly in need of such
      services.

PMID- 3888914
TI  - Cerebral vasospasm as a complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a
      brief review.
AB  - Cerebral vasospasm is one of the most dreaded consequences of a ruptured
      intracranial aneurysm. Although exceptions may be found, the relationship between
      angiographic narrowing of cerebral arteries and deterioration of clinical status
      is supported by many authors. The cause of cerebral vasospasm still remains
      obscure. Several substances such as serotonin, prostaglandins, catecholamines
      appear to have a vasoconstrictive effect on the cerebral vessels. Recent evidence
      indicates that erythrocyte lysis within the subarachnoid spaces may play a major
      role in the genesis of delayed clinically relevant cerebral vasoconstriction
      following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The pathophysiology of brain
      ischemia following aneurysmal rupture, and the correlation between angiographic
      vasospasm, neurological condition, intracranial pressure (ICP) value, cerebral
      blood flow and CT findings are briefly discussed. It is concluded that, at
      present, blood volume expansion and/or induced hypertension, and pharmacological
      control of increased ICP provide the best basis for clinical management of the
      cerebral ischemic complications of SAH. Preoperative antifibrinolytic therapy and
      delayed surgical obliteration of the bleeding aneurysm, i.e. the policy at
      present most frequently adopted, are currently undergoing critical review in the
      light of the fact that antifibrinolytic therapy seems to be accompanied by a
      higher rate of ischemic SAH complications and vasospasm, whilst there are very
      recent suggestions that the results of early intracranial aneurysm surgery may be
      better than those of delayed surgery, if account is taken of the patients lost
      because of recurrent SAH or ischemia during the waiting period.

PMID- 3888917
TI  - Plaque-forming cell response of human blood lymphocytes. III. Cellular basis of
      the reduced immune response in the elderly.
AB  - The cellular basis for the reduced immune response of the elderly was studied in
      vitro. It was found that, with respect to the capacity to respond to relatively T
      independent B cell activators by proliferation and generation of plaque-forming
      cells (PFC), the purified B cell population of aged subjects is relatively
      intact. Furthermore, macrophages from old and young subjects produce T cell
      replacing factors in equivalent amounts. The depressed proliferation and PFC
      responses to B cell activators in unfractionated lymphocytes from the elderly
      thus appear to be due to suppressor activity present in a surface Ig-negative
      cell population, suggesting that alterations in the regulatory (helper and
      suppressor) functions of T cell populations are the major cause of the reduced
      humoral immune response associated with aging.

PMID- 3888918
TI  - Inhibition by various peptides of the activation of C1, the first component of
      complement, and the interaction of C gamma 2 domain of IgG with C1q.
AB  - Three groups of peptides were synthesized, each of which was proposed to be a
      part of the C1q binding sites of the C gamma 2 domain of IgG. They were: Trp(277)
      Tyr-Val-Asp-Gly (WYVDG), Thr(289)-Lys-Pro-Arg (tuftsin) and Gly(316)-Lys-Glu-Tyr
      Lys (GKEYK) or portions of these peptides. Assays included CH50, consumption of
      serum complement induced by heat-aggregated IgG, C1 hemolysis and an enzyme
      immunoassay that directly measures interaction between C1q and IgG. Peptides near
      Gly(316) such as GKEY, GKE or EYK inhibited CH50 and heat-aggregated IgG-induced
      consumption of serum complement. WYVDG also inhibited CH50, with 50% inhibition
      at 2.05 mM, which was more than the concentrations of peptides near Gly(316) at
      50% inhibition. Tuftsin was only slightly inhibitory in both systems. Results of
      C1 hemolysis indicated that dipeptides composed of two aromatic amino acids,
      especially Trp-Tyr, were more inhibitory than dipeptides of which one residue was
      an aromatic amino acid. Peptides such as EYK, GKEY or GKE were very inhibitory,
      and tuftsin was far less inhibitory than these peptides in C1 hemolysis. Results
      of enzyme immunoassay also showed that dipeptides composed of two aromatic amino
      acids were more inhibitory than dipeptides of which one residue was aromatic
      amino acid. WYVDG was most inhibitory in enzyme immunoassay, but tuftsin, EYK,
      GKEY GKE and KE were less effective.

PMID- 3888919
TI  - [Proteolytic enzymes: potential allergens for the skin and respiratory tract?].
AB  - Proteolytic enzymes of animal, bacterial, mould or plant origin are used in many
      industrial processes, e.g. in the detergent, food and pharmaceutical industries
      as well as in medicine. The allergenic potency of these enzymes should not be
      underestimated, for they cause, in particular, IgE-mediated respiratory
      allergies. The risk of sensitization to enzymes due to inhalation as a result of
      occupational exposure is very high (up to 50%), and therapeutic applications are
      also not without risk. Therefore, the utmost care should be taken in the
      production and handling of pulverized enzymes and their inhalation should be
      avoided. Papain and Bromelain are used as tenderizers of meat and to clarify
      beer. Therefore, these enzymes are also potential ingestive allergens and may
      represent an unrecognized cause of an allergic reaction following a meal. As
      contact allergens the enzymes play a minor role; biodetergents in particular
      present no increased risk of skin damage for the user.

PMID- 3888920
TI  - [Collagen in current connective tissue research. Application of molecular
      biological methods to medical problems].
AB  - Collagen plays an important role in connective tissue diseases. It is the most
      abundant protein of the human body and serves as a model protein in the study of
      a variety of diseases. At present, at least ten different genetically distinct
      collagen types are known and characterized to at least some extent. In patients
      with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome and osteogenesis imperfecta,
      molecular defects in the type I collagen genes are already known. It is very
      likely that in the near future vast amounts of data about the collagens, collagen
      defects and their involvement in human pathophysiology will become available.

PMID- 3888921
TI  - [Idiopathic progressive atrophoderma of Pasini-Pierini with the presence of
      antinuclear antibodies].
AB  - Atrophodermia idiopathica progressiva Pasini-Pierini (AIPP) in two young female
      patients is described. This disease, which begins in the second decade, is slowly
      progressive and has the characteristics of an originally atrophic dermatosis. No
      regression to sclerosised lesions could be observed. The distribution of lesions
      was a strictly one-sided, with the radicular pattern of some lesions suggesting
      the participation of neurogenic factors. The finding of antinuclear antibodies of
      the nucleolar type suggests an immunological pathogenesis. HLA typing did not
      reveal any extraordinary patterns or, interestingly, any of the types associated
      with immunological diseases.

PMID- 3888922
TI  - [Laurent Theodor Biett (1780-1840): the 1st Swiss dermatologist].
AB  - A biography of Laurent Theodor Biett (1780-1840) is presented. He was born in the
      Engadine village S-chanf and became a student and then colleague of J.L. Alibert
      at the Saint Louis Hospital in Paris. Biett became a famous clinical
      dermatologist and teacher. His followers P.L. Cazenave and H.E. Schudel
      incorporated his ideas into the famous textbook "Abrege pratique des maladies de
      la peau" which has been translated into many languages.

PMID- 3888923
TI  - [Pathogenesis of the venous leg ulcer].
AB  - Based on different experimental findings, the following sequence of
      pathogenetically important factors for the development of venous ulcers is
      outlined: Valvular incompetence, reflux----chronic venous ambulatory hypertension
      ---capillary dilatation and deformation----hyperemia----increased
      transendothelial passage (protein), microlymphangiopathy----protein deposition in
      the tissue. Deficient fibrinolysis----pericapillary fibrin cuffs----diffusion
      block----local hypoxia, tissue death. Although other mechanisms and complex
      factors may also play important additional roles, for the first time a reasonable
      explanation can be offered for the development of venous ulcers that is in
      agreement with all consistent findings.

PMID- 3888924
TI  - [Supplementary instrumental examinations in the most frequently occurring
      peripheral vascular diseases in general practice].
AB  - Noninvasive investigative methods are valuable for the practical diagnosis of
      several peripheral vascular disorders. Doppler ultrasound is very useful for the
      detection of incompetent saphenous and perforating veins and for the measurement
      of systolic ankle pressure, which today is the best screening method for arterial
      stenoses or occlusions. Acral oscillography, photoplethysmography and
      thermography, combined with vasodilator (nitroglycerin) or vasoconstrictor (cold)
      stress tests, may disclose small vessel disease and vasospastic disorders
      (Raynaud phenomenon). To answer the question of whether varicosities should be
      eliminated by surgery or sclerotherapy in patients with severe stages of chronic
      venous insufficiency (e.g. crural ulcers), investigations of the venous pump by
      venous pressure measurement or (photo-)plethysmography with and without digital
      occlusion of the suspected leakage points are recommended. Doppler probe,
      plethysmography and thermography are valuable screening methods for deep vein
      thrombosis and help to restrict phlebography to patients on whom fibrinolysis or
      thrombectomy is carried out. For the majority of patients undergoing conservative
      treatment, these noninvasive diagnostic procedures are usually sufficient.

PMID- 3888925
TI  - [Current therapeutic guidelines and differential diagnosis of venous leg ulcers].
AB  - In the majority of patients with venous ulcers, there is intrafascial venous
      insufficiency as well as varicosis. That is why it is important to determine the
      value of both factors to treat the ulcer. It is recommended that the patients be
      classified into four therapeutic groups, which is based on the progress that has
      been made in noninvasive angiological diagnostics. Refluxes in the deep leg veins
      can be detected by Doppler ultrasound. Determination of venous pressure and light
      reflection rheography show whether it is possible to improve chronic venous
      insufficiency by the elimination of varicosis. The differential treatment of
      varicosis, compression therapy, topical external medication and the manner in
      which patients must live are explained in detail. Most of the methods are
      doubtful or even impossible if there is simultaneous arterial occlusive disease.
      Special guidelines for the management of mixed venous arterial ulcers are
      explained.

PMID- 3888926
TI  - [Surgical problems of perforating vein insufficiency].
AB  - Following a short description of the normal and variant anatomy, the surgical
      procedures involved in treating perforating veins are described, with special
      reference to operative problems. Surgical difficulties can be avoided by paying
      proper attention to the surgical indications, correct preoperative clarification,
      a technically meticulous technique, and adequate postoperative therapy.

PMID- 3888927
TI  - The concept of health promotion and the prevention of adolescent drug abuse.
AB  - A three-dimensional conceptual model for health promotion interventions to
      prevent adolescent drug abuse is elaborated. The model is based on an analysis of
      the concept of health into four domains--physical, psychological, social, and
      personal; an analysis of intervention approaches to change behavior into two
      major strategies--introducing/strengthening health-enhancing behavior, and
      weakening/eliminating health-compromising behavior; and an analysis of the foci
      of interventions into three levels--environmental, personality, and behavior.
      Components of a specific health promotion program, the Minnesota Heart Health
      Program, that are designed to prevent adolescent drug abuse are described. These
      include health behavior campaigns, educational interventions, and community
      organization. The theoretical content of the components is shown to be linked
      logically to the health promotion model.

PMID- 3888928
TI  - Immunohistological studies of masked indoleamine cells in the area postrema of
      the rat.
AB  - Masked indoleamine cells (MICS) in the area postrema and adjacent areas in the
      rat were immunohistochemically studied (the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method)
      using a serotonin antiserum. After pretreatment with nialamide (200-300 mg/kg),
      immunoreactive MICS could be observed. They were small cells (about 12 micron in
      diameter) with several processes and were distributed in nearly all parts of the
      area postrema and also in the nucleus tructus solitarii. Following a single
      intraventricular injection of 75 micrograms 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, the
      immunoreactivity of these cells conspicuously decreased for several days. The
      submicroscopical structure of the cells was investigated using immunoelectron
      microscopy. Immunoreactive products were observed in the cytoplasm as particles
      with a diameter of 25-40 nm and high electron density, but these were not found
      in the nucleus or cell organelles.

PMID- 3888929
TI  - Localization of cathepsin D in rat liver. Immunocytochemical study using post
      embedding immunoenzyme and protein A-gold techniques.
AB  - Light and electron microscopic localization of cathepsin D in rat liver was
      investigated by post-embedding immunoenzyme and protein A-gold techniques. By
      light microscopy, cytoplasmic granules of parenchymal cells and Kupffer cells
      were stained for cathepsin D. Weak staining was also noted in sinusoidal
      endothelial cells. In the parenchymal cells many of positive granules located
      around bile canaliculi. In the Kupffer cells and the endothelial cells, diffuse
      staining was noted in the cytoplasm in addition to granular staining. By electron
      microscopy, gold particles representing the antigenic sites for cathepsin D were
      seen in typical secondary lysosomes and some multivesicular bodies of the
      parenchymal cells and Kupffer cells. The lysosomes of the endothelial cells and
      fat-storing cells were weakly labeled. Quantitative analysis of the labeling
      density in the lysosomes of these three types of cells demonstrated that the
      lysosomes of parenchymal cells and Kupffer cells are main containers of cathepsin
      D in rat liver. The results suggest that cathepsin D functions in the
      intracellular digestive system of parenchymal cells and Kupffer cells but not so
      much in that of the endothelial cells.

PMID- 3888930
TI  - Masking of antigenic sites of fibronectin by glycosaminoglycans in ethanol-fixed
      embryonic tissue.
AB  - We studied the interaction between glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and fibronectin in
      the basement membrane of the epiblast in the chicken blastoderm using testicular
      hyaluronidase digestion of GAGs either on fixed tissue sections or in vivo after
      microinjection of the enzyme preparation prior to immunostaining for fibronectin.
      In the choice of fixatives, special attention was paid to their preservation of
      GAGs. The controls included alcian-blue staining of serial sections to test the
      efficiency of the digestion, and incubations in the presence of protease
      inhibitors to abolish contaminating proteolytic activity in the commercial
      hyaluronidase preparations. The results indicate that fixation in solutions which
      preserve GAGs, i.e. ethanolic solutions or aqueous solutions containing
      cetylpyridinium chloride, allows the immunocytochemical demonstration of
      fibronectin in the basement membrane of the epiblast at the level of the
      endophyllic crescent, but masks this glycoprotein at the epithelial-mesenchymal
      interface. As shown by both approaches, this masking of immunoreactivity is
      reversible. Moreover, the in vivo clearance of GAGs before fixation shows that
      the masking at the epithelial-mesenchymal interface is not an experimental
      peculiarity due to the use of a particular technique, but is the consequence of
      an interaction between GAGs and fibronectin in that particular area of the
      basement membrane that is used by mesoblast cells as a substrate for migration.
      The observation that fibronectin may be masked by GAGs in ethanol-fixed tissue--a
      commonly used fixation method--may require the re-evaluation of some negative
      results mentioned in the literature.

PMID- 3888931
TI  - A simultaneous demonstration of particular enteric neuronal cell types with the
      NADH:nitro BT-dehydrogenase reaction and of nerve fibres containing enkephalin
      like immunoreactivity in the myenteric plexus of the porcine small intestine.
AB  - The myenteric plexus of the porcine small intestine is studied using a combined
      method for the simultaneous visualization of enteric intramural neuronal cell
      bodies and peptidergic nerve fibers. As earlier reported, the histochemical
      method for demonstration of the NADH-dependent dehydrogenase reaction allows the
      identification of the three neuron types of Dogiel but, in addition, the afore
      mentioned staining method creates fair conditions in the tissue for the
      subsequent indirect immunocytochemical visualization of neuropeptides, as
      demonstrated in this work by means of the indirect immunofluorescence method for
      enkephalin-like immunoreactivity. Intense fluorescent varicosities of enkephalin
      like nerve fibres were found to ramify around dark-blue stained ganglionic cells
      of type I, type II and type III in a manner suggestive of innervation.

PMID- 3888932
TI  - [ENT surgery and laboratory medicine--the modern aspects of cooperation].
AB  - The value and application of a multiphase screening programme of preoperative
      laboratory investigations on ENT patients is described and assessed. Appropriate
      laboratory investigation should be chosen. The methods of investigation should
      provide information about the patient's general condition, should identify
      disease which has escaped clinical assessment, which is not connected with the
      underlying disease, but which could severely handicap a patient undergoing
      surgery. They are also designed to assist in the medical screening of the general
      population. The programme includes tests of organ function and of metabolism. The
      frequency of abnormal laboratory values (less than 2.5% at to longer end of the
      normal distribution curve or above 5% at the other) was 7.8% for blood sugar,
      2.9% for serum creatinine, 4.5% for urea, 11.6% for uric acid in men and 4.8% in
      women, 9.8% for serum cholesterol, 2.9% for SGOT in men and 20.8% for
      triglycerides. Tests included in the haemostasiological study were the basic
      coagulation testing programme (PTT, Prothrombin Time, Thrombin Time and
      Fibrinogen). Inherited and acquired blood disorders are detected through the full
      coagulation test programme and assay of the specific coagulation factors and
      fibrin degradation products. We diagnosed 11 inherited blood disorders in 10,000
      patients put through the above screening programme. The problems of diagnosis and
      therapy of antibody haemophilia are demonstrated by an example of antibody
      haemophilia of factor VIII.

PMID- 3888933
TI  - [Position and variations in the position of the canal system in the temporal
      bone. I. The canals of the pars petrosa between the margo superior and the meatus
      acusticus internus].
AB  - The canals of the temporal bone were measured on 103 objects at different levels.
      The distances (mean and extremes) were estimated as well as the width of the
      following: the facial canal, semicircular canals, vestibule, internal acoustic
      meatus, sigmoid sinus, superior bulb of the jugular vein, carotid canal,
      eustachian tube, perilymphatic and endolymphatic ducts and sac, glossopharyngeal
      nerve and mastoid cells.

PMID- 3888934
TI  - Insulin-like immunoreactivity in human cerebrospinal-fluid is independent of
      insulin blood levels.
AB  - Samples of cerebrospinal fluid were taken from 81 patients and investigated for
      insulin-like immunoreactivity by use of radioimmunoassay. The data suggest that
      IRI levels of Liquor cerebrospinalis are independent of blood insulin
      concentrations. It is supposed that nervous tissue is the source of IRI in the
      cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 3888935
TI  - Impact of a dosimetry review program on radiotherapy in group trials.
AB  - The impact of a quality assurance program on protocol compliance has been
      explored. A sample of 2258 patients, who received radiation therapy on 18
      different NCI funded protocols, was selected for this study from the more than
      6200 cases reviewed by the Quality Assurance Review Center (QARC) from 1974 to
      1983. Analysis of this sample reveals a significant decrease in the protocol non
      compliance rate as a function of QA participation time (35% down to 5%). The
      educational impact of the QA program is demonstrated by the drop in the protocol
      dose deviation rate from 11.4% (before QARC feedback) to 3.6% (after feedback, p
      less than .001). The corresponding drop in protocol deviations in treatment
      volume is from 21.5% to 10.5% (p less than .001). The effect of the "on
      treatment" review process is studied; it is demonstrated that this process cuts
      the rate of major deviations in half. The technical discrepancies in dose are
      also analyzed and discussed.

PMID- 3888936
TI  - Virginia Woolf: manic-depressive psychosis and genius. An illustration of
      separation-individuation theory.
AB  - Virginia Stephen was a member of one of England's great literary families, many
      of whom were also mentally ill. An exquisitely endowed infant, she was
      beautifully matched with her mother during the symbiotic state of development,
      and later called this period "the base upon which life stands." Difficulties
      presumably began as early as the differentiation subphase of separation. Mrs.
      Stephen appeared to be a narcissistic woman, who required constant affirmation,
      and thus was unable to respond to the needs of a developing child. Virginia
      probably was rescued from engulfment by a powerful biologically determined
      practicing period of separation-individuation. This great organismic surge, in
      all likelihood, is as characteristic of toddlers who are incipient manics as of
      children of future genius. Because of the strong regressive pull, it is probable
      that Virginia experienced a particularly high-powered glee in evading the field
      of her mother. This "economic condition," according to Freud, is a given that is
      felt by the manic as he overthrows the imprisoning restraints of the superego.
      Deflated by events beyond her control, such as the sadism of her siblings,
      Virginia probably attempted to return to her mother. But it appears that Mrs.
      Stephen was not available. Hence Virginia was forced to split off her anger and
      turn it against herself, keeping her aggression unavailable for neutralization.
      As a result she was unable to proceed to an age-adequate level of development.
      The raw rage lay smoldering within until many years later, when it burst forth to
      power her manic attacks. This failure of rapprochement presumably deflated
      Virginia, and resulted in a basic mood of depression already apparent in the
      nursery. Virginia also experienced a second basic mood, elation, which appears to
      have been characteristic of her even in well periods, and resembles the
      description of the typical manic victim given by Beck.

PMID- 3888937
TI  - A review of physiological prestress adaptation: effects of duration and context.
AB  - This review focuses on 3 aspects of experimental designs for prestress,
      physiological adaptation periods: (1) effects of duration on stabilization of
      various physiological parameters:(2) effect of type of activity and instruction
      on prestress physiological adaptation: and (3) definitions of physiological
      baselines. Analyses of the literature revealed that for many physiological
      parameters it remains unclear how much time is required for stabilization and
      that for the remaining variables the necessary duration of prestress adaptation
      varies greatly, with blood pressure potentially being the slowest variable to
      stabilize. Effects of type of activity are essentially unknown. Instructions
      which create certainly about experimental procedures in subjects tend to
      facilitate adaptation to the laboratory environment. Baseline definitions were
      remarkably variable with no less than 15 different definitions being used across
      the 50 studies reviewed. Suggestions for future research and recommendations for
      prestress experimental designs are put forward in the discussion.

PMID- 3888938
TI  - Searching the veterinary literature via computer.

PMID- 3888939
TI  - Bacterial septicemias in two psittacine birds.
AB  - Pasteurellosis was diagnosed in a red-fronted conure (Aratinga wagleri) that had
      been bitten on its breast by a cat 2 weeks before death. The wound spread
      rapidly, involving the skin over the entire breast and the underlying
      musculature. Septicemia that followed dermatitis and myositis was the cause of
      death. Pasteurella multocida was isolated in pure culture from the heart blood
      and liver. Diagnosis of Escherichia coli septicemia and enteritis in a hyacinth
      macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) was based on lesions such as generalized
      hyperemia and hemorrhages in visceral organs, fibrinonecrotic lesions in the
      intestine, and isolation of E coli in pure culture from the heart blood, liver,
      and intestine.

PMID- 3888940
TI  - A note on an antimicrobial agent in disc paper and a modified assay procedure for
      detecting antimicrobials in milk.
AB  - Commercially available disc paper used for antibiotic sensitivity tests was shown
      to contain an unidentified, water-soluble agent inhibitory to Bacillus
      stearothermophilus which gave false positive results in an antimicrobial assay
      for milk. The agent however, was found to be inactive against a range of common
      pathogenic bacteria. It was easily removed by washing the discs in distilled
      water before use.

PMID- 3888941
TI  - Self-instructional training: a commentary and state-of-the-art.

PMID- 3888942
TI  - Chemical and antigenic alterations of Candida albicans cell walls related to the
      action of amphotericin B sub-inhibitory doses.
AB  - Sub-inhibitory doses of amphotericin B led to Candida albicans cell wall
      modifications which involved peptidomannans. The amount of this product was
      reduced by a third, the decrease being due to mannans whose absolute and relative
      values fell whereas the amount of amino-acids increased. Concomitantly, the
      treated cells exhibited a loss in their immunological reactivity.

PMID- 3888943
TI  - Ceftazidime plus mezlocillin as initial antibiotic therapy in febrile neutropenic
      patients with haematological malignancy.
AB  - Sixty episodes of fever in neutropenic patients with haematological malignancy
      were treated with ceftazidime and mezlocillin. Improvement or temporary
      improvement was seen in 76% of patients with microbiologically or clinically
      documented infection. Fifty-seven per cent of episodes due to bacteraemia
      improved with the antibiotics. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were
      the commonest pathogens isolated; bacteraemia due to Staph. epidermis was not
      encountered. The toxicity of ceftazidime plus mezlocillin was acceptable.
      Diarrhoea developed in 12% and a skin rash in 10%.

PMID- 3888944
TI  - Safety and pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in patients with chronic hepatic
      dysfunction.
AB  - Safety and pharmacokinetic parameters of ceftazidime were evaluated in twelve
      male volunteers mean age 54.6 +/- 9.2 years. All had chronically impaired hepatic
      function which remained stable or normalized during ceftazidime administration.
      There was neither nephrotoxicity nor haematological toxicity. Serum concentration
      time curves of ceftazidime exhibited a biexponential decline. Drug accumulation
      was not apparent. Following doses 4 and 13, mean serum half-lives were 2.8 and
      2.9 h, volumes of distribution 0.15 +/- 0.04 l/kg and 0.17 +/- 0.041 l/kg and
      plasma clearance values 1.320 +/- 0.50 ml/min/kg and 1.096 +/- 0.48 ml/min/kg,
      respectively. Dose modification based on hepatic dysfunction is unnecessary.

PMID- 3888945
TI  - L.P. Garrod on antibiotics. A selection of his British Medical Journal
      editorials.

PMID- 3888946
TI  - Effect of endotoxemia on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in unanesthetized
      sheep.
AB  - This study examined the effect of acute endotoxemia on hypoxic pulmonary
      vasoconstriction (HPV) in awake sheep. Thirteen sheep were chronically
      instrumented with Silastic catheters in the pulmonary artery, left atrium,
      jugular vein, and carotid artery; with a Swan-Ganz catheter in the main pulmonary
      artery; with a chronic lung lymph fistula; and with a tracheostomy. Base-line HPV
      was determined by measuring the change in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
      while sheep breathed 12% O2 for 7 min. Concentrations of immunoreactive 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) were measured in lung lymph during the
      hypoxic challenge. Escherichia coli endotoxin (0.2-0.5 micrograms/kg) was infused
      intravenously. Four hours after endotoxemia, HPV was measured. In five sheep,
      meclofenamate was infused at 4.5 h after endotoxemia and HPV measured again.
      During the base-line hypoxic challenge, PVR increased by 36 +/- 9% (mean +/- SE).
      There was no significant change in lung lymph 6-keto-PGF1 alpha or TXB2 levels
      with hypoxia. Twelve of the 13 sheep showed a decrease in HPV 4 h after
      endotoxemia; the mean change in PVR with hypoxia was -8 +/- 5%, which was
      significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced compared with base-line HPV. The
      infusion of meclofenamate at 4.5 h after endotoxin did not restore HPV.

PMID- 3888947
TI  - Airway reactivity and lung function in triiodothyronine-induced thyrotoxicosis.
AB  - To evaluate the possible relationship between asthma and hyperthyroidism, airway
      reactivity and lung function were prospectively compared in healthy volunteers
      before, during, and after liothyronine (triiodothyronine, T3)-induced
      hyperthyroidism. Base-line evaluation of the 10 subjects included clinical
      evaluation, thyroid and pulmonary function tests, and airway reactivity assessed
      by methacholine inhalational challenge (MIC). All studies were normal. During T3
      induced hyperthyroidism, no subject developed respiratory symptoms or changes in
      pulmonary function or airway reactivity. The mean percent change in forced
      expiratory volume at 1 s from base line (delta FEV1) of -2.4 +/- 3.0 after MIC
      was not significantly different from that obtained before T3 administration (-1.4
      +/- 1.5, P greater than 0.2). When all serum T3 concentrations and delta FEV1
      values before, during and after T3-induced hyperthyroidism were compared, there
      was no significant correlation. We conclude that T3-induced hyperthyroidism of 3
      wk duration has no effect on airway reactivity or lung function in normal
      volunteers.

PMID- 3888948
TI  - Mild exercise impedes glycogen repletion in muscle.
AB  - Bicycle ergometric exercise was used to deplete glycogen by either 80 or 35% in
      the vastus lateralis of both legs. Thereafter, subjects from each group rested or
      maintained single-leg exercise [20% of maximal O2 consumption (Vo2max) for 4 h.
      All subjects ingested glucose (1.5 g/kg wt; 20% solution) at min 10-12 and min
      130-132 of the 4-h period. With bed rest, significant glycogen increases occurred
      after exhaustive (+36%; P less than 0.05) and nonexhaustive exercise (+13%; P
      less than 0.05). With single-leg exercise, 1) a diminished glycogen repletion
      occurred in exercising (+11%; P less than 0.05) and nonexercising (+15%; P less
      than 0.05) muscle after exhaustive exercise, or 2) further glycogen loss occurred
      in exercising (-26%; P less than 0.05) and nonexercising muscle (-19%; P less
      than 0.05) after nonexhaustive exercise. Within both groups, glycogen
      concentrations did not differ between exercising and nonexercising muscles (P
      greater than 0.05). Single-leg exercise, not preceded by exercise, provoked
      differences in glycogen loss in exercising (-47%) and nonexercising (-24%) muscle
      (P less than 0.05). These experiments demonstrate that mild exercise 1) impedes
      glycogen resynthesis or 2) provokes glycogen loss in both exercising and
      nonexercising muscle. These findings cannot be ascribed to circulating glucose
      and insulin concentrations in these studies.

PMID- 3888949
TI  - Human maternal and fetal response to graded exercise.
AB  - Six healthy active women in the third trimester of pregnancy participated in a
      graded exercise protocol to levels of exertion perceived to be equivalent to that
      of their usual exercise regimen. Fetal heart rate response (FHR) was documented
      by ultrasound transducer and confirmed (n = 1) by ultrasonic visualization.
      Resting maternal O2 consumption was 277 +/- 50 (SD) ml/min and rose to 1,132 +/-
      202 ml/min at a mean final exercise intensity of 79 +/- 9 W after 12.8 +/- 1.7
      min on a cycle ergometer. There was no significant change in maternal serum
      insulin, growth hormone, glucose, or pH values. Maternal leukocyte count,
      hemoglobin, and venous lactate levels rose significantly during the exercise (P
      less than 0.05). FHR prior to exercise was 142 +/- 4 beats/min and decreased to
      84 +/- 34 beats/min during exercise. The decrease in FHR was documented within 1
      min of initiating exercise in all cases. During exercise, fetal movements were
      not accompanied by FHR accelerations. Within 1 min following the cessation of
      exercise, FHR rose to 143 +/- 8 beats/min and fetal movements were accompanied by
      FHR accelerations. Since the recovery of FHR occurred immediately after cessation
      of maternal exercise, this level of maternal exercise does not appear to be
      harmful to the fetus.

PMID- 3888950
TI  - Use of hypnosis as an aid to eyewitness memory.

PMID- 3888951
TI  - UDP-N-acetylmuramylpentapeptide as acceptor in murein biosynthesis in Escherichia
      coli membranes and ether-permeabilized cells.
AB  - Two widely used in vitro systems of Escherichia coli capable of synthesizing
      murein were evaluated by using high-pressure liquid chromatography for murein
      analysis. Comparison of the composition of murein synthesized by either a
      membrane preparation or ether-treated cells with native murein revealed that both
      in vitro systems failed to synthesize murein that was identical to murein formed
      in vivo. Furthermore, neither system attached the lipoprotein to the murein.
      Ether-treated cells, however, were superior to the membrane preparation in
      catalyzing the formation of the remarkable A2pm-A2pm cross-linkage. In both
      systems an atypical transpeptidation reaction was found to take place in which
      exogenously supplied UDP-N-acetylmuramylpentapeptide was directly linked to the
      murein without participation of the bactoprenol lipid carrier. The direct
      transpeptidation yields preferentially trimeric peptide bridges with the UDP
      linked muramylpentapeptide serving as the acceptor.

PMID- 3888952
TI  - Quantitation with monoclonal antibodies of Escherichia coli H protein suggests
      histone function.
AB  - The abundance of the histonelike H protein of Escherichia coli (U. Hubscher, H.
      Lutz, and A. Kornberg, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:5097-5101, 1980) was
      determined by using monoclonal antibodies against H protein, immunoblotting, and
      homogeneous H protein as a standard. H protein was found to be present at
      approximately 120,000 monomeric molecules per fast-growing E. coli cell. This
      amount of H protein corresponds to a ratio of one H protein molecule to
      approximately 200 base pairs of the bacterial chromosome. Together with previous
      results, these findings suggest that H protein has histonelike function similar
      to that of histone protein H2A, its counterpart in the eucaryotic cell.

PMID- 3888953
TI  - Multiplicity of peptide permeases in Candida albicans: evidence from novel
      chromophoric peptides.
AB  - Evidence is presented for the presence of multiple peptide permeases in the
      eucaryotic organism Candida albicans. Instrumental in these studies were the
      peptides L-alanyl-L-2-thiophenylglycine (Ala-alpha-TPG) and L-alanyl-L-2
      thiophenylglycyl-L-alanine (Ala-alpha-TPG-Ala), which contain thiophenol attached
      to the alpha-carbon of glycine. Subsequent to transport into the fungal cell,
      enzymatic hydrolysis of these peptides resulted in the release of free
      thiophenol, which was quantified by using Ellman reagent. Thiophenol release was
      shown to be directly correlated to peptide transport and hydrolysis, with
      transport being the rate-limiting step in intact cells. These peptides, whose
      uptake showed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, have been used to determine peptide
      uptake in C. albicans. In addition, we found that the intracellular peptidases
      can readily be assayed in permeabilized cells and that bestatin, an
      aminopeptidase inhibitor, inhibits all detectable peptidase activity. C. albicans
      124 was able to transport and hydrolyze both Ala-alpha-TPG and Ala-alpha-TPG-Ala,
      whereas the mutant (124NIK5) was able to transport only the tripeptide. The
      intracellular peptidases of this mutant were unaffected. In wild-type C. albicans
      124, oligopeptides were able to compete with uptake of Ala-alpha-TPG-Ala to a far
      greater extent than with that of Ala-alpha-TPG; dipeptides inhibited uptake of
      both Ala-alpha-TPG and Ala-alpha-TPG-Ala. These results provide complementary
      evidence for the existence of distinct transport systems.

PMID- 3888954
TI  - Cadmium uptake in Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - 109Cd2+ uptake by Escherichia coli occurred by means of an active transport
      system which has a Km of 2.1 microM Cd2+ and a Vmax of 0.83 mumol/min X g (dry
      weight) in uptake buffer. 109Cd2+ accumulation was both energy dependent and
      temperature sensitive. The addition of 20 microM Cd2+ or Zn2+ (but not Mn2+) to
      the cell suspensions preloaded with 109Cd2+ caused the exchange of Cd2+. 109Cd2+
      (0.1 microM) uptake by cells was inhibited by the addition of 20 microM Zn2+ but
      not Mn2+. Zn2+ was a competitive inhibitor of 109Cd2+ uptake with an apparent Ki
      of 4.6 microM Zn2+. Although Mn2+ did not inhibit 109Cd2+ uptake, the addition of
      either 20 microM Cd2+ or Zn2+ prevented the uptake of 0.1 microM 54Mn2+, which
      apparently occurs by a separate transport system. The inhibition of 54Mn2+
      accumulation by Cd2+ or Zn2+ did not follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics and had no
      defined Ki values. Co2+ was a competitive inhibitor of Mn2+ uptake with an
      apparent Ki of 34 microM Co2+. We were unable to demonstrate an active transport
      system for 65Zn2+ in E. coli.

PMID- 3888955
TI  - Regulation of capsular polysaccharide synthesis in Escherichia coli K-12:
      characterization of three regulatory genes.
AB  - The synthesis of the Escherichia coli capsular polysaccharide varies with growth
      medium, temperature of growth, and genetic background. lac fusions to genes
      necessary for capsule synthesis (cps) demonstrated that these genes are regulated
      negatively in vivo by the lon gene product. We have now isolated, characterized,
      and mapped mutations in three new regulatory genes (rcs, for regulator of capsule
      synthesis) that control expression of these same fusions. rcsA and rcsB are
      positive regulators of capsule synthesis. rcsA is located at min 43 on the E.
      coli map, whereas rcsB lies at 47 min. rcsC, a negative regulator of capsule
      synthesis, is located at min 47, close to rcsB. All three regulatory mutations
      are unlinked to either the structural genes cpsA-F or lon. Mutations in all three
      rcs genes are recessive to the wild type. We postulate that lon may regulate
      capsule synthesis indirectly, by regulating the availability of one of the
      positive regulators.

PMID- 3888956
TI  - Molecular cloning of an ornithine-activating fragment of the gramicidin S
      synthetase 2 gene from Bacillus brevis and its expression in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Partially digested chromosomal DNA of Bacillus brevis ATCC 9999, a producer of
      the cyclic peptide antibiotic gramicidin S, was ligated into the BamHI site of
      the Escherichia coli expression vector pUR2-Bam. The ligated molecules were used
      to transfer E. coli to ampicillin resistance. Of 5 X 10(3) colonies tested by in
      situ immunoassay for a cross-reaction with antibodies against the gramicidin S
      synthetase 2, 6 colonies were found to be immunoreactive. A clone designated MK2,
      which had a 3.9-kilobase insert of B. brevis DNA, directed in E. coli under the
      lac promoter control the synthesis of polypeptides that were cross-reactive with
      the antibody to the gramicidin S synthetase 2. Partial purification of the gene
      products by gel filtration revealed a major fraction with an approximate
      molecular weight of 140,000 and with specific ornithine-dependent ATP-32PPi and
      2'-dATP-32PPi exchange activities. These unique activities of the gramicidin S
      synthetase 2 were not detected in the E. coli strain harboring the vector.

PMID- 3888957
TI  - Coordinate regulation of phospholipid biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae:
      pleiotropically constitutive opi1 mutant.
AB  - Phospholipid metabolism in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae opi1 mutant, which
      excretes inositol and is constitutive for the biosynthetic enzyme inositol-1
      phosphate synthase (M. Greenberg, P. Goldwasser, and S. Henry, Mol. Gen. Genet.
      186:157-163, 1982), was examined and compared to that of a wild-type strain. In
      wild-type S. cerevisiae, the phospholipid composition and the relative rates of
      synthesis of individual phospholipids change in response to the availability of
      exogenous supplies of soluble phospholipid precursors, particularly inositol. The
      opi1 mutant, in contrast, displays a relatively invariant phospholipid
      composition, and its pattern of phospholipid synthesis does not change in
      response to exogenous phospholipid precursors. Phosphatidylinositol synthase was
      not found to be regulated in either wild-type or opi1 cells. In wild-type cells,
      phosphatidylserine synthase and the phospholipid N-methyltransferases are
      coordinately repressed in response to a combination of inositol and choline.
      However, in opi1 cells these activities are expressed constitutively. These
      results suggest that the gene product of the OPI1 locus participates in the
      coordinate regulation of phospholipid synthesis.

PMID- 3888958
TI  - Dimethyl sulfoxide reductase activity by anaerobically grown Escherichia coli
      HB101.
AB  - Escherichia coli grew anaerobically on a minimal medium with glycerol as the
      carbon and energy source and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the terminal electron
      acceptor. DMSO reductase activity, measured with an artificial electron donor
      (reduced benzyl viologen), was preferentially associated with the membrane
      fraction (77 +/- 10% total cellular activity). A Km for DMSO reduction of 170 +/-
      60 microM was determined for the membrane-bound activity. Methyl viologen,
      reduced flavin mononucleotide, and reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide also
      served as electron donors for DMSO reduction. Methionine sulfoxide, a DMSO
      analog, could substitute for DMSO in both the growth medium and in the benzyl
      viologen assay. DMSO reductase activity was present in cells grown anaerobically
      on DMSO but was repressed by the presence of nitrate or by aerobic growth.
      Anaerobic growth on DMSO coinduced nitrate, fumarate, and and trimethylamine-N
      oxide reductase activities. The requirement of a molybdenum cofactor for DMSO
      reduction was suggested by the inhibition of growth and a 60% reduction in DMSO
      reductase activity in the presence of 10 mM sodium tungstate. Furthermore,
      chlorate-resistant mutants chlA, chlB, chlE, and chlG were unable to grow
      anaerobically on DMSO. DMSO reduction appears to be under the control of the fnr
      gene.

PMID- 3888959
TI  - Pantothenate transport in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The transport system for pantothenic acid uptake in Escherichia coli was
      characterized. This transport system was specific for pantothenate, had a Kt of
      0.4 microM, and had a maximum velocity of 1.6 pmol/min per 10(8) cells (45
      pmol/min per mg [dry weight]). Pantothenate uptake was not reduced in osmotically
      shocked cells or by ATP depletion with arsenate, but was reduced greater than 90%
      by the dissipation of the membrane electrochemical gradient with 2,4
      dinitrophenol. Sodium ions stimulated pantothenate uptake (Kt, 0.8 mM) by
      reducing the Kt for pantothenate by an order of magnitude. Intracellular
      pantothenate was rapidly phosphorylated, but phosphorylation of pantothenate was
      not required for uptake since pantothenate was the only labeled intracellular
      compound concentrated by ATP-depleted, glucose-energized cells. The data were
      consistent with the presence of a high-affinity pantothenate permease that
      concentrates the vitamin by sodium cotransport.

PMID- 3888960
TI  - Regulation of the SOS response analyzed by RecA protein amplification.
AB  - A split UV light dose procedure was used in Escherichia coli to induce an SOS
      function, RecA protein amplification, which was measured by an immunoradiometric
      assay. The SOS system was partially induced after the first UV irradiation, and
      the inducing effects of subsequent identical UV doses were quantified. Variations
      in the inducing effects of successive UV doses were related to modulations of the
      SOS signal level during SOS induction. A reduction in the level of SOS signal was
      found after 20 min in the wild-type strain, hypothesized to result from negative
      control of repair functions. A few DNA repair mutants were tested by the same
      procedure; the uvrA, recF, and umuC genes were involved in SOS induction control,
      but we found differences in their respective kinetics of expression. On the
      contrary, in a recB mutant, only a slight effect was obtained on this control.

PMID- 3888961
TI  - Construction and characterization of a deletion mutant lacking micF, a proposed
      regulatory gene for OmpF synthesis in Escherichia coli.
AB  - A method is presented for the construction of a deletion mutant lacking the micF
      gene, which has been proposed to negatively regulate expression of the ompF gene.
      The method includes (i) construction of a temperature-sensitive plasmid
      containing a chromosomal fragment that carries both flanking regions of the micF
      gene but does not carry micF itself and (ii) replacement of the corresponding
      chromosomal domain with the fragment. The method is applicable to construction of
      a deletion mutant for any Escherichia coli chromosomal gene provided that it is
      dispensable. The micF deletion was confirmed by genetic and biochemical tests,
      including nucleotide sequence analysis. ompF expression in the micF deletion
      mutant thus constructed was normally regulated and was not enhanced. When micF
      was cloned into a high-copy-number plasmid it repressed ompF gene expression,
      whereas when cloned into a low-copy-number plasmid it did not. From these
      results, it is concluded that a single copy of the micF gene on the E. coli
      chromosome does not play a critical role in ompF gene expression.

PMID- 3888962
TI  - In vitro and in vivo activation of L-serine deaminase in Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - Escherichia coli L-serine deaminase (L-SD) in crude extracts made in
      glycylglycine could be activated by incubation with iron sulfate and
      dithiothreitol. This activation could also be demonstrated in vitro in two
      mutants which were physiologically deficient in L-SD activity in vivo. This
      suggests that these mutants were deficient not in L-SD but in an enzyme(s)
      activating L-SD. The suggestion is made that production of a functional L-SD in
      vivo requires activation of the structural gene product by an enzyme or enzymes
      that reduce the protein to an active form.

PMID- 3888963
TI  - Lipopolysaccharide-specific bacteriophage for Klebsiella pneumoniae C3.
AB  - Bacteriophage FC3-1 is one of several specific bacteriophages of Klebsiella
      pneumoniae C3 isolated in our laboratory. Unlike receptors for other Klebsiella
      phages, the bacteriophage FC3-1 receptor was shown to be lipopolysaccharide,
      specifically the polysaccharide fraction (O-antigen and core region). We
      concluded that capsular polysaccharide, outer membrane proteins, and lipid A were
      not involved in phage binding. Mutants resistant to this phage were isolated and
      were found to be devoid of lipopolysaccharide O-antigen by several criteria but
      to contain capsular material serologically identical to that of the wild type.
      The polysaccharide fraction was concluded to be the primary phage receptor,
      indicating that it is available to the phage.

PMID- 3888964
TI  - Enhanced sensitivity of Escherichia coli umuC to photodynamic inactivation by
      angelicin (isopsoralen).
AB  - Escherichia coli umuC cells were inactivated four times more rapidly than umuC+
      cells by angelicin (a monofunctional psoralen) plus near-UV irradiation. With
      other DNA-damaging treatments, either no or much smaller differences in
      sensitivity were observed. These results show that functions associated with the
      UmuC+ phenotype contribute to the repair (or tolerance) of some categories of DNA
      damage more efficiently than others.

PMID- 3888965
TI  - Starvation for ilvB operon leader amino acids other than leucine or valine does
      not increase acetohydroxy acid synthase activity in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Eleven different amino acids are encoded in the ilvB leader mRNA. Starvation for
      leucine or valine, but not for any of the other nine amino acids, resulted in
      high levels of acetohydroxy acid synthase I. These results are discussed in terms
      of a report (C.A. Hauser and G.W. Hatfield, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81:76
      79, 1984) which suggests that threonine and alanine, in addition to leucine and
      valine, are involved in the regulation of the ilvB operon.

PMID- 3888966
TI  - Mechanism of mutation by thymine starvation in Escherichia coli: clues from
      mutagenic specificity.
AB  - To probe the mechanisms of mutagenesis induced by thymine starvation, we examined
      the mutational specificity of this treatment in strains of Escherichia coli that
      are wild type (Ung+) or deficient in uracil-DNA-glycosylase (Ung-). An analysis
      of Ung+ his-4 (ochre) revertants revealed that the majority of induced DNA base
      substitution events were A:T----G:C transitions. However, characterization of
      lacI nonsense mutations induced by thymine starvation demonstrated that G:C---
      A:T transitions and all four possible transversions also occurred. In addition,
      thymineless episodes led to reversion of the trpE9777 frameshift allele. Although
      the defect in uracil-DNA-glycosylase did not appear to affect the frequency of
      total mutations induced in lacI by thymine deprivation, the frequency of nonsense
      mutations was reduced by 30%, and the spectrum of nonsense mutations was altered.
      Furthermore, the reversion of trpE9777 was decreased by 90% in the Ung- strain.
      These findings demonstrate that in E. coli, thymine starvation can induce
      frameshift mutations and all types of base substitutions. The analysis of
      mutational specificity indicates that more than a single mechanism is involved in
      the induction of mutation by thymine depletion. We suggest that
      deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pool imbalances, the removal of uracil
      incorporated into DNA during thymine starvation, and the induction of recA
      dependent DNA repair functions all may play a role in thymineless mutagenesis.

PMID- 3888967
TI  - Defective secretion of maltose- and ribose-binding proteins caused by a truncated
      periplasmic protein in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The secretion in Escherichia coli of a C-terminally truncated periplasmic enzyme
      from Salmonella typhimurium, the glpQ-encoded glycerolphosphate
      phosphodiesterase, was studied. Plasmid pRH100, carrying the truncated glpQ gene,
      directs the synthesis of a 30,000-molecular-weight (30 K) protein that is
      processed to a mature 27.5 K protein. (The mature wild-type protein is a 38 K
      protein.) The truncated protein is not released into the periplasm but remains
      membrane associated, although it becomes protease sensitive after conversion of
      cells to spheroplasts. The presence of pRH100 strongly reduces the amount of some
      other proteins in the periplasm, including the maltose- and ribose-binding
      proteins. The reduction does not occur at the level of transcription or early
      translation, as shown by lacZ fusions to the gene coding for the structural gene
      of the maltose-binding protein. Outer membrane proteins are not affected. A
      hydroxylamine-induced mutation in the sequence of glpQ corresponding to the
      mature polypeptide overcomes the inhibitory effect of pRH100. The mutated gene no
      longer directs the synthesis of the 30/27.5 K protein but directs that of a new
      19 K protein which is not membrane bound. We propose that sorting signals in the
      mature GIpQ protein are necessary for effective translocation to the periplasm
      and that the C-terminal third of the protein is essential for release into the
      periplasm.

PMID- 3888968
TI  - Capsule of Escherichia coli K29: ultrastructural preservation and immunoelectron
      microscopy.
AB  - The polysaccharide capsule of Escherichia coli K29 fully surrounds the
      microorganism and thus occupies an extracellular space ca. 20 times larger in
      volume than that of the decapsulated cell. Since more than 95% of the capsule
      consists of water, dehydration for electron microscopy causes the material to
      collapse. We describe here a method for embedding the capsule in an uncollapsed
      form. Dehydration of gelatin-enrobed, glutaraldehyde-fixed cells was performed in
      dimethyl formamide. The cells were embedded in Lowicryl K4M with the "progressive
      lowering of temperature" method and UV polymerization. In ultrathin sections, the
      capsule can be identified by its low electron contrast. It occupies a layer 3/4
      micron thick thick and shows fibrous strands embedded in a fine granular matrix.
      The thin strands extend radially from the cell wall and transverse the capsule.
      The entire capsule domain, as well as the outer membrane, binds specific
      anticapsular antibody, whereas the periplasmic space and most of the inner
      membrane lack capsule-specific immunostain.

PMID- 3888969
TI  - The effects and effectiveness of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in patients with
      narcolepsy.
AB  - Thirty patients with polysomnographically confirmed narcolepsy were treated with
      GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate) for up to 30 weeks. The number of nightly awakenings
      significantly decreased, while Stages 3 and 4 sleep substantially increased. The
      clinical symptoms of cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnogogic hallucinations, daily
      naps, and sleep attacks all showed significant improvements. Daytime sleepiness,
      while not completely eliminated, was controlled with lower doses of stimulant
      medication than patients were taking before the study. No patient developed
      tolerance to the drug, and no serious side effects were noted.

PMID- 3888970
TI  - Maprotiline in pain-depression.
AB  - A group of 25 patients treated with maprotiline was studied to test the question
      of second-generation antidepressant effectiveness in chronic pain. Of this group,
      18 (72%) responded with a greater than 50% reduction in their pain syndrome. It
      appears that maprotiline is as effective as earlier antidepressants in the
      treatment of pain. The enkephalin induction hypothesis is discussed as an
      explanation for the mechanism of action of antidepressants in chronic pain.

PMID- 3888971
TI  - Properties of rat liver signal peptidase reconstituted into liposomes.
AB  - EDTA/KCl- or pyrophosphate-treated rough microsomes of rat liver clearly showed
      the co-translational cleavage of pre-human placental lactogen and translocation
      of the product into membrane vesicles. The signal peptidase fraction was isolated
      by chromatography on Sephacryl S-300 of deoxycholate-treated membranes and
      reconstituted into liposomes by dialysis or by the Biobeads SM-2 method. Assay of
      the signal peptidase activity was performed with pre-human placental lactogen
      synthesized by the reticulocyte lysate system programmed with human placental
      lactogen mRNA. The signal peptidase reconstituted into liposomes showed stable
      activity over the temperature range of 0 to 45 degrees C; in contrast, the
      detergent-solubilized signal peptidase of dog pancreatic membranes was completely
      inactivated at the unusually low temperature of 37 degrees C. It was shown that
      this inactivation was due to the presence of detergent. Signal peptidase from rat
      liver was insensitive to a variety of protease inhibitors, like the enzyme from
      dog pancreas, but differed from the latter in being inhibited by chymostatin and
      TPCK.

PMID- 3888972
TI  - Amino acid sequence of Streptomyces metallo-proteinase inhibitor from
      Streptomyces nigrescens TK-23.
AB  - Streptomyces Metallo-Proteinase Inhibitor (S-MPI) consists of 102 amino acid
      residues, including one methionine and two disulfide bridges. The complete amino
      acid sequence of S-MPI, including two disulfide bridges, was determined by
      sequencing of tryptic and chymotryptic peptides of two fragments obtained by
      cyanogen bromide cleavage followed by reduction and S-pyridylethylation of the
      protein. Incubation of the inhibitor with thermolysin slowly cleaved one peptide
      bond, Cys(64)-Val(65), which might be a reactive site of S-MPI.

PMID- 3888973
TI  - Intracellular transport of a newly synthesized asialoglycoprotein receptor in rat
      liver.
AB  - Intracellular transport of a newly synthesized asialoglycoprotein receptor was
      studied biochemically using a monospecific antibody for the receptor. Pulse
      labeling by intravenous injection of [3H]leucine and pulse-chasing after 10 min
      by cycloheximide injection resulted in the maximal labeling of the receptor in
      the rough microsomes at 15 min, in the smooth microsomes and the heavy Golgi
      subfraction (GF3) at 25 min and in the intermediate plus light Golgi subfraction
      (GF1+2) at 30 min. By 60 min, the labeling in GF1+2 had decreased and leveled
      off. In the plasma membrane fraction, the labeled receptor first appeared at 20
      min, increased rapidly and also reached a constant level at 40-60 min.
      Intracellular movement of the newly synthesized receptor in the GF1+2 and plasma
      membrane fractions was also investigated by purifying the receptor protein from
      the GF1+2 and plasma membrane fractions by affinity chromatography. It was
      revealed that the specific radioactivities of the receptor in the two fractions
      become equilibrated after 60-120 min. The receptor of the various membrane
      fractions was also pulse-labeled in vivo for 20 min simultaneously with
      [3H]glucosamine and [14C]leucine, and pulse-chased for the following 40 min.
      After pulse-labeling for 20 min, the ratio of the radioactivity of
      [3H]glucosamine or [3H]sialic acid to [14C]leucine of the receptor from the rough
      and smooth microsomes, and GF3, GF2, and GF1 increased in that order. That of the
      receptor from the plasma membrane fraction was infinitely higher, because, while
      a significant amount of 3H-radioactivity was incorporated into the receptor in
      the Golgi apparatus, only a negligible amount of 14C-radioactivity was
      incorporated into the same receptor in the plasma membrane due to the delay in
      the arrival of [14C]leucine labeled receptor to the plasma membrane. After
      chasing for 40 min, however, the same radioactivity ratios of the GF1 and plasma
      membrane fractions approached each other. All these results strongly suggest that
      the distribution of the newly synthesized receptor becomes rapidly equilibrated
      between the trans-Golgi components and plasma membranes probably by repeated
      recycling of the receptor protein between the two membranes.

PMID- 3888974
TI  - Modified nucleoside, 5-carbamoylmethyluridine, located in the first position of
      the anticodon of yeast valine tRNA.
AB  - A novel modified nucleoside located in the first position of the anticodon of
      yeast tRNAVal2a was isolated and its chemical structure was characterized as 5
      carbamoylmethyluridine by means of ultraviolet absorption spectrum, mass
      spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum.

PMID- 3888975
TI  - Azuki bean (Vigna angularis) protease inhibitors: isolation and amino acid
      sequences.
AB  - Double-headed protease inhibitors I, IIa, and IIc (AB I, AB IIa, and AB IIc) have
      been purified from azuki beans "Takara" (Vigna angularis) by conventional
      chromatographic methods and their amino acid sequences have been determined. AB
      I, AB IIa, and AB IIc had molecular weights of 9,166, 8,661, and 8,756 daltons,
      consisting of 82, 78, 79 amino acid residues, respectively. The molecular weights
      of these inhibitors, determined by gel filtration at pH 8.0, were 18,000 for AB I
      and 17,000 for both AB IIa and AB IIc, indicating that the inhibitors are dimers.
      The inhibitors had isoelectric points of 4.7 (AB I), 6.8 (AB IIa), and 6.2 (AB
      IIc). AB I stoichiometrically inhibited both trypsin and chymotrypsin at a molar
      ratio of 1 : 1. On the other hand, AB IIa and AB IIc both inhibited trypsin at a
      molar ratio of about 1 : 2 and also inhibited chymotrypsin, though only weakly.
      Sequence comparison with other double-headed inhibitors indicated the reactive
      sites of AB IIa and AB IIc for trypsin to be Lys26-Ser27 and Arg53-Ser54, and
      those of AB I for trypsin and chymotrypsin to be Lys26-Ser27 and Tyr53-Ser54,
      respectively. The differences between AB IIa and AB IIc were that AB IIa lacked
      the C-terminal aspartic acid residue, and that Glu10 and Arg60 in AB IIa were
      replaced by Gln10 and His60 in AB IIc. A comparison between AB IIa and AB I
      revealed 25 variant amino acids among the 78 residues of AB IIa; further, Ab IIa
      lacked 4 amino acid residues in the C-terminal region of AB I.

PMID- 3888976
TI  - Purification and properties of beef liver aldehyde reductase catalyzing the
      reduction of D-erythrose 4-phosphate.
AB  - An aldehyde reductase catalyzing the NADPH-dependent reduction of D-erythrose 4
      phosphate to D-erythritol 4-phosphate was purified from beef liver. It was proved
      to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation analysis. The enzyme
      was proved to be a monomeric enzyme and its molecular weight was about 40,000.
      The enzyme was able to reduce not only tetroses but also trioses, aromatic
      aldehydes, D-glucuronate and succinic semialdehyde. Apparent Km-values for
      aromatic aldehydes were lower than those for tetroses, trioses, D-glucuronate and
      succinic semi-aldehyde. Barbiturates and valproate were potent inhibitors of the
      enzyme and their apparent K1-values were in the range of 80-180 microM.
      Quercitrin was the most potent inhibitor and its K1-value was about 7 microM.
      From the viewpoint of substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity, it seems
      that the enzyme belongs to the high-Km type aldehyde reductases.

PMID- 3888977
TI  - Inhibition of prolipoprotein signal peptidase by globomycin.
AB  - Globomycin inhibits the prolipoprotein-specific signal peptidase activity by
      binding to the enzyme in a noncompetitive manner (Ki = 36 nM). The Km of
      prolipoprotein signal peptidase for the prolipoprotein substrate is 6 (+/- 1)
      microM.

PMID- 3888978
TI  - L-Threonine dehydrogenase from goat liver. Feedback inhibition by methylglyoxal.
AB  - L-Threonine dehydrogenase, which forms aminoacetone from L-threonine and NAD, has
      been extensively purified from goat liver. A feedback inhibition of this enzyme
      has been observed with methylglyoxal. Kinetic data and other experiments indicate
      that methylglyoxal acts at a site other than the active site of the enzyme. The
      enzyme contains a single subunit of Mr 89,000. The apparent Km values of the
      enzyme for L-threonine and NAD were found to be 5.5 and 1 mM, respectively.

PMID- 3888979
TI  - Delineation of a toxin-encoding segment of a Bacillus thuringiensis crystal
      protein gene.
AB  - Crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1-Dipel contain a Mr
      134,000 protoxin which can be cleaved by proteolysis to a peptide of Mr
      approximately 70,000; this peptide is lethal to lepidopteran larvae. We have
      analyzed the peptides produced by recombinant Escherichia coli strains bearing
      deletions and fusions of the protoxin gene in order to delineate the portion of
      the gene which encodes the toxic peptide. The recombinant strains produced the
      toxic peptide as well as larger peptides whose size was related to the length of
      the deleted gene. The results indicate that the amino-terminal 55% of the
      protoxin protein is sufficient for toxicity. While two different gene fusions to
      the 10th codon allowed the synthesis of toxic polypeptides, fusions to the 50th
      codon did not. 3' end deletions up to the 645th codon allowed synthesis of the
      toxic peptide whereas a deletion to the 603rd codon yielded a non-toxic peptide.
      Some of the 5' and 3' end alterations to the gene caused changes in the
      proteolytic cleavage patterns of the polypeptides synthesized by E. coli,
      suggesting that the alterations led to conformational changes in the proteins.
      The presence of different 3' end segments affected the levels of synthesis of the
      altered crystal proteins.

PMID- 3888980
TI  - Cell wall lytic enzyme released by mating gametes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is
      a metalloprotease and digests the sodium perchlorate-insoluble component of cell
      wall.
AB  - Chlamydomonas lytic enzyme of the cell wall, which is released during
      agglutination of gametes of opposite mating types, has been characterized as a
      metalloprotease. The purified enzyme contains zinc. Removal of zinc with EDTA
      results in an inactive, metal-free apoenzyme, and Co2+ restores the activity most
      effectively. Among various protease inhibitors of microbial origin, pepstatin A,
      chymostatin, antipain, leupeptin, and E-64 do not inactivate the enzyme, whereas
      phosphoramidon causes a complete loss of lytic activity. Cysteine, histidine,
      aspartic acid, and glutamic acid also inhibit the activity. The lytic enzyme
      splits casein and RNase A into several polypeptides of lower molecular masses. To
      determine which polypeptides of the cell wall are sensitive to the lytic enzyme,
      we first separated the intact cell walls into sodium perchlorate-soluble and 
      insoluble components, treated them with enzyme, and then analyzed them by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. We
      conclude that only 2 of 16 polypeptides are digested by exposure to the enzyme
      and that the sensitive polypeptides belong to the salt-insoluble component of the
      cell wall. The mechanism of cell wall digestion with the lytic enzyme is
      discussed.

PMID- 3888981
TI  - Purification and sequencing of the active site tryptic peptide from penicillin
      binding protein 5 from the dacA mutant strain of Escherichia coli (TMRL 1222).
AB  - The localization of the active site of penicillin-binding protein 5 from the dacA
      mutant of Escherichia coli strain TMRL 1222 has been determined. The protein was
      purified to homogeneity and labeled with [14C] penicillin G. The labeled protein
      was digested with trypsin, and the active site tryptic peptide was purified by a
      combination of gel filtration and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Sequencing
      of the purified [14C]penicilloyl peptide yielded the sequence Arg-Asp-Pro-Ala-Ser
      Leu-Thr-Lys, which corresponds to residues 40-47 of the gene sequence (Broome
      Smith, J., Edelman, A., and Spratt, B. G. (1983) in The Target of Penicillin
      (Hakenbeck, R., Holtje, J.-V., and Labischinski, H., eds) pp. 403-408, Walter de
      Gruyter, Berlin). The catalytic amino acid residue that forms a covalent bond
      with penicillin was identified by treating the purified [14C]penicilloyl peptide
      with a mixture of proteases and then separating the radioactive products using
      high-pressure liquid chromatography. Analysis of the radioactive peaks by amino
      acid analysis confirmed that it is the serine residue that reacts with the beta
      lactam ring of penicillin.

PMID- 3888982
TI  - Covalent linkage of 125I-insulin to a cytosolic insulin-degrading enzyme.
AB  - Cytosol extracts high in insulin-degrading activity were cross-linked to 125I
      insulin with the bifunctional cross-linker disuccinimidyl suberate. With cytosols
      from either rat muscle, liver, kidney or brain or human erythrocytes, only a
      single protein (Mr = 110,000) was specifically labeled. Three different lines of
      evidence indicated that this labeled protein is insulin-degrading enzyme, a
      cysteine protease which accounts for most of the insulin-degrading activity in
      cell extracts. Firstly, the cross-linking of 125I-insulin to this protein is
      inhibited by unlabeled insulin over the same concentration range of insulin which
      inhibits degradation. Separated insulin A and B chain were less potent at
      inhibiting cross-linking, whereas bovine serum albumin and cytochrome c were
      without effect. Secondly, antibodies to purified insulin-degrading enzyme
      precipitated the labeled protein in parallel with their ability to precipitate
      the insulin-degrading activity of the extracts. Thirdly, when the insulin
      degrading activity was purified 40,000-fold from erythrocytes, this Mr 110,000
      protein co-purified. These results indicate that cross-linking 125I-insulin may
      be a convenient method for labeling the insulin-degrading enzyme.

PMID- 3888983
TI  - Ribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools during 2-aminopurine
      mutagenesis in T4 mutator-, wild type-, and antimutator-infected Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - Ribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools have been measured in
      Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase mutator, wild
      type, and antimutator alleles during mutagenesis by the base analogue 2
      aminopurine. ATP and GTP pools expand significantly during mutagenesis, while CTP
      and UTP pools contract slightly. The DNA polymerase (gene 43) alleles and an rII
      lesion perturb normal dNTP pools more than does the presence of 2-aminopurine. We
      find no evidence that 2-aminopurine induces mutations indirectly by causing an
      imbalance in normal dNTP pools. Rather, it seems likely that, by forming base
      mispairs with thymine and with cytosine, 2-aminopurine is involved directly in
      causing bidirectional A.T in equilibrium G.C transitions. The ratios for 2
      aminopurine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate/dATP pools are 5-8% for tsL56
      mutator and 1-5% for tsL141 antimutator and 43+ alleles. We conclude that the
      significant differences observed in the frequencies of induced transition
      mutations in the three alleles can be attributed primarily to the properties of
      the DNA polymerases with their associated 3'-exonuclease activities in
      controlling the frequency of 2-aminopurine.cystosine base mispairs.

PMID- 3888984
TI  - Interaction of inorganic vanadate with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
      Nonenzymic formation of glucose 6-vanadate.
AB  - Inorganic vanadate (Vi) activates catalysis by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      of the oxidation of glucose by NADP+. As the concentration of Glu-6-P
      dehydrogenase is increased, the rate of the vanadate-activated glucose oxidation
      becomes less sensitive to increases in enzyme concentration. The rate of glucose
      oxidation in the absence of Vi increases linearly with Glu-6-P dehydrogenase
      concentration. These results are interpreted in terms of nonenzymic formation of
      glucose 6-vanadate. At high enzyme concentration, vanadate ester formation
      becomes partially rate-limiting, and extrapolation to infinite Glu-6-P
      dehydrogenase concentration allows determination of the second order rate
      constant for formation of the ester. In separate experiments designed to test the
      proposed mechanism, it was found that Vi, at concentrations at which it strongly
      activates catalysis by Glu-6-P dehydrogenase of glucose oxidation, has no effect
      on the rates of oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate or 6-deoxyglucose catalyzed by
      Glu-6-P dehydrogenase. Sulfate, which is known to activate glucose oxidation and
      to inhibit glucose 6-phosphate oxidation, strongly activates 6-deoxyglucose
      oxidation. These experiments show that the 6-hydroxyl group of glucose is
      essential for the observed activation by Vi and are also consistent with the
      formation of glucose 6-vanadate. Also, the rate of the sulfate-activated glucose
      oxidation increases linearly with Glu-6-P dehydrogenase concentration. These
      results are consistent with the proposed mechanism for sulfate activation which
      involves sulfate binding to the enzyme (Anderson, W. B., Horne, R. N., and
      Nordlie, R. C. (1968) Biochemistry 7, 3997-4004). The second order rate constant
      calculated for formation of glucose 6-vanadate at pH 7.0 is 2.4 M-1 s-1. The
      corresponding values for glucose 6-phosphate and glucose 6-arsenate formation are
      approximately 9 X 10(-11) M-1 s-1 and 6.3 X 10(-6) M-1 s-1 (Lagunas, R. (1980)
      Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 205, 67-75).

PMID- 3888985
TI  - Molecular size of bovine lipoprotein lipase as determined by radiation
      inactivation.
AB  - We have determined the size of the functional unit of bovine lipoprotein lipase
      by radiation inactivation. This was done in five different situations: 1) in a
      buffer with high salt concentration. In this situation the enzyme is relatively
      soluble and stable. 2) For an enzyme-heparin complex. This may reflect the
      physiological state of the enzyme at the vascular endothelium, where it is
      believed to be bound to a heparin-like molecule. 3) In the presence of lipid
      substrate and 4) with lipid substrate and activator protein. Here most of the
      enzyme is adsorbed to the substrate droplets. 5) For an enzyme-detergent complex;
      another model for enzyme-lipid interaction. In all five situations the enzyme
      activity decayed as an exponential function of radiation dose, and the target
      sizes were similar. The target size did not vary with the concentration of lipase
      protein. The combined data for bovine lipoprotein lipase yield a functional size
      of 72 kDa which is close to that expected for a dimer, 77 kDa.

PMID- 3888986
TI  - Immunological similarity between the chick oviduct progesterone receptor forms A
      and B.
AB  - A large-scale purification of the progesterone receptor from laying hens is
      described which yields apparently homogeneous form A and form B receptor in
      denatured form. The purification procedure is based initially on differential DNA
      affinity chromatography of both form A and B receptors. Under the conditions of
      preparation and activation described, progesterone receptor form B binds to DNA
      cellulose even in the presence of 100 mM salt. This binding cannot be observed
      after thermal activation. Receptors obtained at 5% purity using conventional
      chromatographic purification steps were covalently cross-linked with radioactive
      ligand by photoaffinity labeling and purified to homogeneity using preparative
      gel electrophoresis systems under denaturing conditions. This material has been
      successfully used to generate polyclonal antibodies in rabbits. Immunoblots
      demonstrated a high degree of cross-reaction between anti-A antibodies and
      progesterone receptor form B, as well as between anti-B antibodies and
      progesterone receptor form A, using homogeneous as well as 5% pure receptors as
      probes. Implications of the immunological data and the novel DNA-binding
      characteristics of form B are discussed with respect to topological conformation
      of the progesterone receptor and the structural similarity between forms A and B.

PMID- 3888987
TI  - Topology and neighbor analysis of the photosynthetic reaction center from
      Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.
AB  - The subunit arrangement of the reaction center complex (RC) of Rhodopseudomonas
      sphaeroides was studied by chemical modification with four different cross
      linking reagents using purified RC in lauryldimethylamine oxide, RC incorporated
      into liposomes, and intact chromatophore membranes, from which RCs are isolated.
      The RC of R. sphaeroides is composed of three polypeptide subunits, H, M, and L,
      apparent molecular mass as determined in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis, of 28,000, 24,000, and 21,000, respectively. The intra
      complex products produced, were found to contain the polypeptides H-M-L, H-M, H
      L, and M-L linked together. In addition, the cross-linking of cytochrome c to
      solubilized and membrane-bound RCs was observed with all four reagents. The
      products were found to be only a cytochrome c linked to either the M or L
      polypeptide. These results indicate that a portion of the L and M subunits of the
      RC must be exposed in situ on the periplasmic surface of the membrane near a
      binding site for cytochrome c on the RC, and all three subunits must be in close
      proximity to one another.

PMID- 3888988
TI  - Protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes. Purification and properties of an Mr
      80,000 polypeptide (Co-eIF-2A80) with Co-eIF-2A activity.
AB  - The high molecular weight protein complex, Co-eIF-2, contains both Co-eIF-2A and
      Co-eIF-2C activities (Bagchi, M. K., Banerjee, A. C., Roy, R., Chakravarty, I.,
      and Gupta, N. K. (1982) Nucleic Acids Res. 10, 6501-6510). Co-eIF-2A stimulated
      Met-tRNAf binding to eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2) both in the presence
      and absence of Mg2+. Co-eIF-2C stimulates Met-tRNAf binding to eIF-2 in the
      presence of Mg2+ by relieving Mg2+ inhibition of ternary complex formation from
      eIF-2. Co-eIF-2 protein complex contains several polypeptides including Mr 80,000
      and 50,000 polypeptides. Three polypeptides (Mr 80,000, 50,000 and 25,000) are
      present in 0.5 M KCl ribosomal salt wash and each possesses Co-eIF-2A activity.
      Mr 80,000 polypeptide (Co-eIF-2A80) has been purified to homogeneity and its
      properties studied. 1) Co-eIF-2A80 stimulated Met-tRNAf binding to eIF-2 and the
      complex formed was resistant to aurintricarboxylic acid. 2) Co-eIF-2A80 activity
      was N-ethylmaleimide-resistant and heat-labile; it was destroyed by heating at 55
      degrees C for 4 min. 3) Antibodies prepared against homogeneous Co-eIF-2A80
      strongly inhibited protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysates and, also, eIF-2 and
      Co-eIF-2 promoted Met-tRNAf binding to 40 S ribosomes. Inhibition of protein
      synthesis in reticulocyte lysates was overcome by preincubation of anti-Co-eIF
      2A80 with homogeneous Co-eIF-2A80 and was partially overcome by similar
      preincubation with Co-eIF-2. 4) Upon limited digestion with Staphylococcus aureus
      V8 protease, the homogeneous Co-eIF-2A80 gave two major polypeptide fragments (Mr
      50,000 and 25,000). Upon similar treatment, an Mr 80,000 polypeptide band
      isolated from the sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel of the Co-eIF-2 protein complex gave
      four major polypeptide fragments, and two of these fragments (Mr 50,000 and
      25,000) were similar to those given by Co-eIF-2A80, indicating that this Mr
      80,000 polypeptide band contains the Co-eIF-2A80 component. We suggest that Co
      eIF-2A80 is a component of Co-eIF-2 and is also essential for Co-eIF-2 activity
      and overall peptide chain initiation.

PMID- 3888989
TI  - Purification and properties of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 and its ancillary
      protein factor (Co-eIF-2A) from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Two peptide chain initiation factor activities, eIF-2y and Co-eIF-2A20y, were
      purified from the high speed supernatant fraction of the yeast Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae and their properties were studied. 1) In sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gels, purified eIF-2y showed two major polypeptide bands
      corresponding to molecular weights of 54,000 and 36,000. The Mr 54,000 band was
      significantly more intense than the Mr 36,000 band, indicating the possible
      presence of two polypeptides of equal molecular weight in this band. The
      molecular weight of eIF-2y, determined using a density gradient centrifugation
      method, was approximately 140,000. 2) In sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel, purified Co-eIF-2A20y showed a single polypeptide band corresponding to a
      molecular weight of 20,000. A similar molecular weight for Co-eIF-2A20y was also
      found using a density gradient centrifugation method. 3) In partial reactions,
      eIF-2y bound Met-tRNAf in the presence of Mg2+. The reaction required GTP. Co-eIF
      2A20y stimulated Met-tRNAf binding to eIF-2y (2-3-fold) and also rendered the
      complex stable to 3 X 10(-5) M aurintricarboxylic acid. 4) This Co-eIF-2A20y
      activity was heat-labile and N-ethylmaleimide-insensitive. 5) Antibodies were
      prepared by injecting rabbits with homogeneous Co-eIF-2A20y. Such anti-Co-eIF
      2A20y inhibited (60%) protein synthesis in a yeast cell-free protein synthesizing
      system and completely blocked Co-eIF-2A20y stimulation of Met-tRNAf. 40 S
      initiation complex formation. Protein synthesis inhibition by anti-Co-eIF-2A20y
      was almost completely reversed by preincubation of the antibodies specifically
      with homogeneous Co-eIF-2A20y.

PMID- 3888991
TI  - Identification of pre-osteonectin produced by cell-free translation of fetal
      porcine calvarial mRNA.
AB  - The cell-free biosynthesis of the bone protein osteonectin was studied using mRNA
      from fetal porcine calvariae. Total RNA was extracted from the calvariae with
      guanidinium thiocyanate and was partially purified by precipitation with
      acid/ethanol. Translations were performed using the reticulocyte lysate system
      and were optimized with respect to mRNA concentration and K+ (70 mM) and Mg2+
      (0.6 mM) concentration. Cell-free synthesized osteonectin, radiolabeled with
      [35S]methionine, was specifically immunoprecipitated with rabbit antiserum to
      porcine osteonectin and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and fluorography. When analyzed under reduced conditions, the
      translated protein migrated with an Mr 45,000 compared to an Mr 39,000 for cell
      synthesized osteonectin. When translated in the presence of microsomal membranes,
      the immunoprecipitated osteonectin co-migrated with the cell-synthesized
      osteonectin, indicating that a signal sequence of about 45-50 amino acids (Mr
      6,000) had been removed. Under nonreduced conditions the pre-osteonectin co
      migrated with osteonectin (Mr 39,000) on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis, suggesting that a highly folded structure is retained by
      disulfide bridges under denaturing conditions. The relationship between the
      immunoprecipitated pre-osteonectin from the cell-free translations and both the
      cell-synthesized and tissue-extracted osteonectin was confirmed by one
      dimensional peptide mapping of Staphylococcus aureus V-8 protease digestions. The
      results indicate that porcine osteonectin is synthesized on polysomes in a pre
      osteonectin form which is translocated vectorially into microsomal vesicles and
      cotranslationally processed by the removal of a signal peptide.

PMID- 3888990
TI  - A comparative study of the characteristics of eIF-2 and eIF-2-ancillary factor
      activities from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and rabbit reticulocytes.
AB  - The characteristics of yeast eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) and Co-eIF-2A
      have been studied and compared with those of the corresponding factors from
      rabbit reticulocytes. 1) Unlike eIF-2r, purified eIF-2y did not contain bound
      GDP. 2) Purified eIF-2y preparation contained GTPase activity and
      dephosphorylated GTP to GDP. 3) An anti-eIF-2r preparation which predominantly
      precipitated the gamma-subunit (Mr 54,000) of eIF-2r also precipitated the larger
      subunit (Mr 54,000) of eIF-2y. 4) Unlike eIF-2r, ternary complex formation by eIF
      2y was not inhibited by Mg2+. 5) Both Co-eIF-2A20y and Co-eIF-2r significantly
      enhanced Met-tRNAf binding to eIF-2y and, again, Mg2+ did not have any effect on
      this stimulated Met-tRNAf binding to eIF-2y. 6) Both Co-eIF-2A20y and Co-eIF-2r
      were similarly effective in stimulating Met-tRNAf binding to eIF-2r in the
      absence of Mg2+. However, in the presence of Mg2+, Co-eIF-2A20y was significantly
      less effective than Co-eIF-2r as Co-eIF-2A20y did not promote displacement of GDP
      from eIF-2r X GDP. 7) eIF-2y bound [3H]GDP and this binding was significantly
      enhanced in the presence of Mg2+. Also, [3H]GDP in the preformed eIF-2y X [3H]GDP
      complex was rapidly exchanged with exogenously added unlabeled GDP in the
      presence of Mg2+. Co-eIF-2A20y had no effect on GDP binding to eIF-2y nor on GDP
      exchange reactions. 8) Reticulocyte heme-regulated protein synthesis inhibitor,
      which phosphorylated almost completely (in excess of 80%) the alpha-subunit (Mr
      38,000) of eIF-2r, also phosphorylated similarly the smaller subunit (Mr 36,000)
      of eIF-2y. However, such phosphorylation had no significant effect on ternary
      complex formation, GDP binding, and GDP exchange reactions.

PMID- 3888992
TI  - Purification and characterization of a cytosol protease from dormant cysts of the
      brine shrimp Artemia.
AB  - A thiol protease has been isolated and purified from the postribosomal fraction
      of encysted embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia using a six-step procedure. The
      purified enzyme has a molecular weight of 55,000 +/- 4,200 and is composed of
      subunits of Mr 31,500 +/- 559 and 25,867 +/- 1,087. Isoelectric focusing revealed
      two discrete bands, one at pH 4.6 and the other at pH 5.1. The protease appears
      to be a member of the thiol group of proteases based on its inhibition by
      leupeptin, antipain, chymostatin, Ep-475, and several other thiol protease
      inhibitors. The enzyme was stimulated by heavy metal chelators and thiol
      reagents. At pH 3.5-4.0 the thiol protease hydrolyzed a wide range of proteins
      including bovine serum albumin, hemoglobin, Artemia embryo soluble proteins,
      Artemia lipovitelline, and protamine, whereas at pH 6.0-6.5 the enzyme showed a
      high degree of specificity for Artemia elongation factor 2 and lipovitelline
      alpha 1. The total amount of protease activity in crude homogenates of Artemia
      embryos decreased by about 50% during the first 24 h of development, while the
      amount of free, active enzyme decreased proportionally for 9 h of development
      then remained constant during the next 26-27 h of development. These changes in
      protease activity appear to reflect changing levels of an endogenous protease
      inhibitor during development.

PMID- 3888993
TI  - Endocytosis, proteolysis, and exocytosis of exogenous proteins by cultured
      myotubes.
AB  - The endocytic activity of chick myotubes in cultures was investigated.
      Differentiated myotubes internalized the fluid-phase marker horseradish
      peroxidase in membrane-bound particles which typically displayed reaction product
      at the inner surface of the vesicle. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated a rapid
      decrease in the number of horseradish peroxidase-containing vesicles and a
      redistribution from a uniform to a perinuclear pattern. Horseradish peroxidase
      uptake was extensively inhibited by incubation at 0-4 degrees C consistent with
      an endocytic mechanism. To further characterize the process, the fate of labeled
      protein was investigated. Following uptake [3H] hemoglobin A was extensively
      degraded (40-50%) to acid-soluble products within 10 h. Degradation displayed a
      biphasic pattern with a rapid early phase followed by a much slower second phase.
      The decreasing rate of proteolysis can be accounted for, in part, by a
      simultaneous exocytosis of a substantial fraction (25-30%) of acid-insoluble
      label from myotubes. The lysosomotropic agents methylamine, monensin, and
      chloroquine significantly inhibited (23-75%) proteolysis, indicating a lysosomal
      site of degradation. Part of the inhibitory effect results from an increase in
      exocytosis in the presence of these agents. Degradation of endocytosed
      [3H]hemoglobin A was not inhibited by insulin. In contrast degradation of
      endogenous myotube proteins was inhibited (40%) by insulin and blocked by
      methylamine. These results suggest that cultured myotubes possess a coupled
      endocytic/exocytic pathway for macromolecules and that a fraction of the
      internalized substrate is degraded by an insulin-insensitive lysosomal pathway.

PMID- 3888994
TI  - Purification and characterization of Escherichia coli RNase T.
AB  - RNase T, a nuclease thought to be involved in end-turnover of tRNA, has been
      purified about 4,000-fold from extracts of Escherichia coli. At this stage of
      purification, the enzyme was judged to be at least 95% pure based on sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The native molecular weight
      of RNase T determined from gel filtration and sedimentation analyses is about
      50,000, whereas the monomer molecular weight determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is 25,000, suggesting that the protein is an
      alpha 2 dimer. Purified RNase T is extremely sensitive to inactivation by
      oxidation, sulfhydryl group reagents, and temperature. The ribonuclease activity
      against tRNA-C-C-[14C]A is optimal at pH 8-9 in the presence of 2-5 mM MgCl2 and
      ionic strengths of less than 50mM. Although RNase T is highly specific for intact
      tRNA-C-C-A as a substrate and can hydrolyze all species in a mixed population of
      tRNA, it is inhibited by other RNAs, such as poly(A), rRNA, 5 S RNA, and tRNA-C
      C. RNase T is an exoribonuclease which initiates attack at a free 3' terminus of
      tRNA and releases AMP; aminoacyl-tRNA is not a substrate. The role of RNase T in
      the end-turnover of tRNA and its possible involvement in other aspects of RNA
      metabolism are discussed.

PMID- 3888995
TI  - Polypeptide structure of DNA primase from a yeast DNA polymerase-primase complex.
AB  - An immunoaffinity chromatographic procedure was developed to purify DNA
      polymerase-DNA primase complex from crude soluble extracts of yeast cells. The
      immunoabsorbent column is made of mouse monoclonal antibody to yeast DNA
      polymerase I covalently linked to Protein A-Sepharose. Purification of the
      complex involves binding of the complex to the immunoabsorbent column and elution
      with concentrated MgCl2 solutions. After rebinding to the monoclonal antibody
      column free primase activity is selectively eluted with a lower concentration of
      MgCl2. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl
      sulfate showed the presence of five major peptides, p180, p140, p74, p58, and p48
      in the immunoaffinity-purified DNA polymerase-DNA primase complex. Free primase
      and free polymerase fractions obtained by fractionation on the immunoabsorbent
      column were analyzed on activity gels and immunoblots. These analyses showed that
      p180 and p140 are DNA polymerase peptides. Two polypeptides of 58 and 48 kDa co
      fractionated with the free yeast DNA primase. From sucrose gradient analysis we
      estimate a molecular weight of 110 kDa for the native DNA primase.

PMID- 3888996
TI  - The sexually differentiated delta 4-3-ketosteroid 5 beta-reductase of rat liver.
      Purification, characterization, and quantitation.
AB  - delta 4-3-Ketosteroid 5 beta-reductase was purified from male rat liver cytosol.
      The purification scheme consisted of column chromatographies on hydroxylapatite
      and DEAE-Sepharose, chromatofocusing, and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration followed
      by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. The column chromatography steps
      gave a 100-fold purification and resulted in a 90% pure preparation as judged by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. Kinetic properties with 4-androstene
      3,17-dione as substrate were established for the enzyme, and its activity
      regarding three other delta 4-3-ketosteroids, testosterone, progesterone, and
      cortisol, was investigated. The relative rates of reduction of these steroids
      were 1.0, 0.8, 0.7, and 0.62, respectively. The electrophoretically purified 5
      beta-reductase, with an Mr of 38,000, was used for immunization of rabbits. The
      antiserum was shown to be monospecific as judged from immunoblotting of
      electrophoretically separated rat liver cytosolic proteins. Immunological
      reactive protein and enzymatic 5 beta-reductase activity co-purified in the
      chromatographic steps. The sex difference in enzyme activity, 0.26 versus 0.10
      nmol of product/mg of proteins/min for males and females, respectively, was shown
      to be due to a difference in concentration of enzyme protein. The 5 beta
      reductase was calculated to constitute 1% of the total cytosolic proteins in male
      livers, whereas the corresponding figure for female livers was 0.3%.

PMID- 3888997
TI  - Primary structure of sarcotoxin I, an antibacterial protein induced in the
      hemolymph of Sarcophaga peregrina (flesh fly) larvae.
AB  - The primary structure of sarcotoxin I, a potent bactericidal protein induced in
      the hemolymph of larvae of Sarcophaga peregrina (flesh fly), was investigated.
      Sarcotoxin I was a mixture of three proteins (sarcotoxins IA, IB, and IC) with
      almost identical primary structures. These proteins were found to consist of 39
      amino acid residues and to differ in only 2-3 amino acid residues. The amino
      terminal half of the molecules was rich in charged amino acids and was
      hydrophilic, whereas the carboxyl-terminal half was hydrophobic. It is suggested
      that the carboxyl-terminal half of sarcotoxin I penetrates into the bacterial
      membrane and that its amino-terminal half rich in basic amino acid residues
      interacts with acidic phospholipids in the bacterial membrane, resulting in
      perturbation of the membrane and loss of viability of the bacteria.

PMID- 3888998
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a proteolytic enzyme from the adult hookworm
      Ancylostoma caninum.
AB  - The adult hookworm Ancylostoma caninum releases a proteolytic enzyme which is
      thought to be essential for its adaption to parasitism. The protease was purified
      from parasite extracts by ion-exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration
      and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The purified enzyme exhibited a
      molecular weight of 37,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and had an NH2-terminal sequence of Arg-His-His-Gln-Pro-Lys-Val
      Ala-Leu-Leu-Gly-Ala-His-Gly-Gly-Ile. Using 125I-fibrin as substrate, the enzyme
      displayed optimal activity at pH 9-11 and was inactivated by dialysis against
      EDTA. The enzyme degraded [3H]elastin and both elastin and trypsin-labile
      glycoproteins in a rat vascular smooth muscle extracellular matrix. Antiserum
      raised to the protease in rabbits cross-reacted with extracts from the infective
      larval stage of A. caninum, suggesting that the production of the enzyme begins
      in an earlier developmental stage of the parasite life cycle. The role of the
      protease in the histolytic and anticlotting processes of the hookworm and its
      importance in immunity to ancylostomiasis is discussed.

PMID- 3888999
TI  - Characterization of ammonium (methylammonium)/potassium antiport in Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - The energetics of ammonium ion transport by Escherichia coli have been studied
      using [14C]methylammonium as a substrate. Rapid assays for uptake allowed kinetic
      parameters (CH3NH3+ Km = 36 microM; Vmax = 4 nmol X s-1 X mg-1 to be determined
      in the absence of CH3NH3+ metabolism. Cells cultured in media containing 1 mM
      NH4+ failed to express CH3NH3+ transport activity. Methylammonium accumulated at
      levels which were 100-fold higher than those of the medium. This accumulation was
      dependent upon the addition of glucose or pyruvate. The entry of CH3NH3+
      supported by glucose oxidation in an F1F0-ATPase-deficient mutant was blocked by
      uncoupler. Transport by wild-type cells under similar conditions was
      significantly inhibited by arsenate. Thus, CH3NH3+ uptake requires both ATP and
      an electrochemical H+ gradient. This transport activity was lost upon exposure of
      E. coli to osmotic shock, but could be recovered by incubation of shocked cells
      with boiled shock fluid or with glucose plus K+ in the presence of
      chloramphenicol. Similar reconstitution was observed in K+-depleted parental
      strains, but not in a mutant defective in K+ transport, demonstrating a
      requirement for internal K+. However, external K+ proved to be a noncompetitive
      inhibitor (Ki = 1 mM) of CH3NH3+ uptake by K+ -replete bacteria. External Na+ had
      no effect on transport. The addition of NH4+ or CH3NH3+ induced a rapid exodus of
      intracellular 86Rb+, an analog which was able to substitute for K+. The molar
      ratio of CH3NH3+ uptake to Rb+ exit was 1.12 +/- 0.11. These findings support a
      mechanism for CH3NH3+ (NH4+) accumulation which requires K+ antiport (exchange)
      and is driven by the electrochemical K+ gradient.

PMID- 3889000
TI  - Trypsin-modified alkaline phosphatase. Formation of apoenzyme monomer and hybrid
      dimer.
AB  - The cleavage of an amino-terminal decapeptide from Escherichia coli alkaline
      phosphatase has been previously described (Roberts, C. H., and Chlebowski, J. F.
      (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 729-733) by this laboratory. The modest reduction in
      specific activity of the modified enzyme is paralleled by an apparent alteration
      in the Zn(II) affinity at one of the three active center metal ion binding sites.
      In contrast to the behavior of the native enzyme, formation of the metal-free
      apoprotein results in an irreversible loss of catalytic activity;
      phosphohydrolase activity is not restored on addition of Zn(II) and Mg(II).
      Differential scanning calorimetry and velocity sedimentation data indicate that
      the apo form of the modified enzyme exists as a monomer form which, while capable
      of binding Zn(II) does not readily reassociate to active dimer. Processive
      cleavage of the amino termini of the dimer by trypsin results in the transient
      formation of a hybrid dimer consisting of cleaved and uncleaved subunits. This
      species can be directly observed and isolated by taking advantage of the
      differential chromatographic mobility of the native "isozymes" and the resulting
      products. Coupled with improved procedures for the preparation of the modified
      protein, these data indicate that the amino-terminal modification results in
      alterations in the subunit interface domain and provides a species (the hybrid
      dimer) for the investigation of the propagation of these effects.

PMID- 3889001
TI  - Purification and properties of the dnaJ replication protein of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The Escherichia coli dnaJ gene was originally discovered because mutations in it
      blocked bacteriophage lambda DNA replication. Some of these mutations were
      subsequently shown to interfere with bacterial growth at high temperature,
      suggesting that dnaJ is an essential protein for the host as well. The first step
      in purifying the dnaJ protein was to overproduce it at least 50-fold by
      subcloning its gene into the pMOB45 runaway plasmid. The second step was the
      development of an in vitro system to assay for its activity. A Fraction II
      extract from dnaJ259 mutant bacteria was shown to be unable to replicate lambda
      dv DNA unless supplemented with an exogenous source of wild-type dnaJ protein.
      Using this complementation assay we purified the dnaJ protein to homogeneity from
      the membrane fraction of an overproducing strain of bacteria. The purified dnaJ
      protein was shown to be a basic (pI 8.5), yet hydrophobic, protein of Mr 37,000
      and 76,000 under denaturing and native conditions, respectively, and to exhibit
      affinity for both single- and double-stranded DNA. Using a partially purified
      lambda dv replication system dependent on the presence of the lambda O and P
      initiator proteins and at least the host dnaB, dnaG, dnaJ, dnaK, single-stranded
      DNA-binding protein, gyrase, RNA polymerase holoenzyme, and DNA polymerase III
      holoenzyme, we have shown that the dnaJ protein is required at a very early step
      in the DNA replication process.

PMID- 3889002
TI  - The mouse neutralization test in comparison with the rapid fluorescent focus
      inhibition test: differences in the results in rabies antibody determinations.
AB  - Sixteen lots of rabies immune globulin (RIG) and six lots of rabies immune horse
      serum (RIS) from different producers were examined for rabies antibody by the
      standard mouse neutralization test (MNT) and the rapid fluorescent focus
      inhibition test (RFFIT). An equine rabies standard serum was assayed in parallel.
      In comparisons of RIS with this standard the MNT and RFFIT gave comparable
      results. In comparisons of RIG the antibody values in the MNT was two to ten
      times higher than that in the RFFIT in 15 out of 16 lots. The MNT and RFFIT are
      thus not fully comparable when measuring rabies antibodies in RIG. The choice of
      the titration method is obviously important in the measurement of the antibody
      concentration in RIG or RIS in IU against an equine rabies reference preparation.
      The described differences could have consequences for the use of RIG.

PMID- 3889003
TI  - Recurrent posterior dislocation of the shoulder: treatment using a bone block.
AB  - Acute posterior dislocations of the shoulder are uncommon. Recommended surgical
      treatments for recurrent posterior dislocation include soft-tissue advancement,
      posterior glenoid osteotomy, rotational osteotomy of the humerus, and posterior
      bone block. The posterior bone-block procedure successfully prevented recurrent
      dislocation in our series of five patients. The patients ranged in age from
      seventeen to forty-four years, and have been followed for two and one-half to
      eight years. All returned to unrestricted activity and recreational sports. The
      complications included a later anterior dislocation of the shoulder in one
      patient and an unsightly scar requiring revision in two patients. There were no
      complaints of pain. Radiographs showed decreased density of the bone block in two
      patients, but graft resorption did not occur.

PMID- 3889004
TI  - Prophylactic antibiotics in amputation of the lower extremity for ischemia. A
      placebo-controlled, randomized trial of cefoxitin.
AB  - Of 152 patients who were scheduled for an amputation for ischemia, seventy-seven
      were randomly assigned to perioperative prophylaxis with cefoxitin (Mefoxin) and
      seventy-five patients, to injections of a placebo. The patients were followed for
      twenty-one days or, in the case of wound complications, to the end of treatment.
      An infected wound occurred in 38.7 per cent of the patients in the placebo group
      and 16.9 per cent of those in the antibiotic group (p less than 0.005).
      Clostridial infection occurred in eight patients in the placebo group and in none
      in the antibiotic group (p = 0.003). Three of the patients with clostridial
      infection died of gas gangrene. A multivariate analysis showed that the absence
      of antibiotic prophylaxis increased the risk of infection by a factor of 3.3 (p =
      0.004) and increased the need for reamputation by a factor of 4.5 (p = 0.003). We
      concluded that amputation patients should have prophylaxis with a broad-spectrum
      antibiotic given perioperatively.

PMID- 3889005
TI  - Vascular injury from intrapelvic migration of a threaded pin. A case report.

PMID- 3889006
TI  - Tortuosity of the vertebral artery: an adventitious finding after cervical
      trauma. A case report.

PMID- 3889007
TI  - Flexor tendon injuries.

PMID- 3889008
TI  - Real-time ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital dislocation and dysplasia of
      the hip.
AB  - A technique of examining the infant hip joint with real-time ultrasound is
      described. Since the cartilaginous femoral head is clearly imaged by ultrasound,
      anatomical structures and their relationships can be accurately determined.
      Dislocated hips are easily detected and subluxations also can be visualized. We
      report our experience with 131 examinations in 104 patients, comprising 259
      single hip studies. Of 83 patients who were previously untreated, there were 178
      hip studies with three false-negative and four false-positive ultrasound results.
      No dislocations were missed. Twenty-seven patients who were already being treated
      were examined to assess hip location, comprising a total of 81 hip studies. In
      some cases the patients were examined while in an abduction device, cast, or
      Pavlik harness. In one case a dislocation was not detected. The method of
      examination using real-time ultrasound is considered to be reliable, accurate,
      and a useful adjunct to radiography. The advantages are that it is non-invasive,
      portable, and involves no exposure to radiation.

PMID- 3889010
TI  - Stenosis following carotid endarterectomy.
AB  - Carotid endarterectomy is well established in the treatment of selected cases of
      atherosclerosis of the carotid bifurcation but the incidence of restenosis is
      unknown. During a four year period 80 endarterectomies of the internal carotid
      artery were performed in 73 patients. Post-operatively we studied our patients
      prospectively by means of Doppler ultrasound in combination with real time
      spectral analysis and where indicated digital venous angiography to determine the
      incidence of restenosis. We report a 12.5% incidence of stenosis following
      carotid endarterectomy with a 1% incidence of symptomatic restenosis. We
      therefore question the role of carotid endarterectomy in the treatment of
      asymptomatic carotid stenosis.

PMID- 3889009
TI  - Clinical experience with preoperative myocardial nutrition management.
AB  - Three hundred and twelve elective adult coronary artery surgery patients were
      divided into five groups differing as to preoperative glucose or fat loading. The
      control group (n = 54) had a mean myocardial glycogen level of 880 mg/100 gram
      heart weight, a 18.5% incidence of serious ventricular arrhythmias, 24.2%
      dependence on vasopressors, a mean peak postoperative SGOT level of 100 IU, and a
      3.7% perioperative transmural myocardial infarction rate. The 10% glucose loading
      group (n = 67) had elevated myocardial glycogen of 1180 mg/100 gram heart, 14.9%
      serious ventricular arrhythmias but a lessened dependence on vasopressors
      (17.9%), a peak post bypass SGOT of 74 IU, and 2.9% transmural infarction rate. A
      20% glucose overnight loading group (n = 65) had myocardial glycogen level of
      1270 mg/100 gram heart, a 23.0% incidence of serious ventricular arrhythmias, a
      significant reduction in vasopressor dependence (3.1%), no transmural myocardial
      infarctions, and peak post bypass SGOT of 53 IU. The intravenous fats (10%
      Intralipid) group (n = 57) had the highest glycogen level of 1509 mg/100 gram
      heart, the lowest peak SGOT of 51 IU, no infarctions, a low vasopressor
      dependence (5.2%), but high rate of serious ventricular arrhythmias (22.8%). The
      oral fat and 20% glucose loading group (n = 69) had a myocardial glycogen of 1486
      mg/100 gram heart, a low vasopressor dependence rate of 4.3%, no infarctions, a
      peak SGOT of 66 IU, and the lowest serious ventricular arrhythmia rate of 4.3%.
      These results suggest that it is possible to alter prebypass myocardial substrate
      levels against the stresses of cardiac surgery with fat and/or glucose loading
      and that myocardial protection is evident.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3889012
TI  - An immunological approach to enrich a mitotic stimulator and to reveal G2-phase
      specific proteins in Physarum polycephalum.
AB  - Purified antibodies from an antiserum against S-phase proteins of the myxomycete
      Physarum polycephalum were attached to protein-A-Sepharose CL-4B. A late G2-phase
      extract that contained a mitosis-stimulating protein was applied to this
      immunoadsorbent, and the mitosis-stimulating protein was enriched by a factor of
      ten. This protein, which is present in the cell in low amounts, is synthesized in
      late G2 phase and obviously degraded in a later stage of the cycle.
      Immunoadsorption of a G2-phase extract with anti-S-antibodies decreased the 700
      main proteins to 20 as demonstrated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. No
      difference in protein pattern could be observed on two-dimensional gels between S
      phase and G2-phase extracts before and after immunoadsorption with anti-S
      antibodies. This indicates that there are no G2-phase-specific proteins among the
      700 most abundant proteins of Physarum polycephalum.

PMID- 3889011
TI  - Ligand-induced changes in the location of actin, myosin, 95K (alpha-actinin), and
      120K protein in amebae of Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - In this study we investigated concanavalin A (Con A) induced changes in the
      locations of actin, myosin, 120K, and 95K (alpha-actinin) to determine the extent
      to which actin and myosin are reorganized during capping and the roles that 120K
      and 95K might play in this reorganization. We observed the location of each
      protein by indirect immunofluorescence using affinity purified antibodies. Four
      morphological states were distinguished in vegetative Dictyostelium amebae:
      ameboid cells before Con A binding, patched cells, capped cells, and ameboid
      cells with caps. The location of each protein was distinct in ameboid cells both
      before and after capping Actin and 120K were found in the cell cortex usually
      associated with surface projections, and myosin and 95K were diffusely
      distributed. Myosin was excluded from surface projections in ameboid cells.
      During patching, all four proteins were localized below Con A patches. During
      capping, actin, myosin, and 95K protein moved with the Con A patches into the cap
      whereas 120K protein was excluded from the cap. During the late stages of cap
      formation actin and myosin were progressively lost from the cap, and 120K became
      concentrated in new actin-filled projections that formed away from the cap.
      However, 95K remained tightly associated with the cap. Poisoning cells with
      sodium azide inhibited capping but not patching of ligand. In azide-poisoned
      cells, myosin and 95K did not co-patch with Con A, whereas copatching of 120K and
      actin with Con A occurred as usual. Our results support the hypothesis that
      capping is an actomyosin-mediated motile event that involves a sliding
      interaction between actin filaments, which are anchored through the membrane to
      ligand patches, and myosin in the cortex. They are also consistent with a role
      for 120K in the formation of surface projections by promoting growth and/or cross
      linking of actin filaments within projections, and with a role for 95K in
      regulating actomyosin-mediated contractility, earlier proposals based on the in
      vitro properties of these two proteins (Condeelis, J., M. Vahey, J. M. Carboni,
      J. DeMey, S. Ogihara, 1984, J. Cell Biol., 99:119s-126s).

PMID- 3889013
TI  - Cooperativity between Sertoli cells and testicular peritubular cells in the
      production and deposition of extracellular matrix components.
AB  - We examined the synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components
      in cultures of Sertoli cells and testicular peritubular cells maintained alone or
      in contact with each other. Levels of soluble ECM components produced by
      populations of isolated Sertoli cells and testicular peritubular cells were
      determined quantitatively by competitive enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays,
      using antibodies shown to react specifically with Type I collagen, Type IV
      collagen, laminin, or fibronectin. Peritubular cells in monoculture released into
      the medium fibronectin (432 to 560 ng/microgram cell DNA per 48 h), Type I
      collagen (223 to 276 ng/microgram cell DNA per 48 h), and Type IV collagen (350
      to 436 ng/microgram cell DNA per 48 h) during the initial six days of culture in
      serum-free medium. In contrast, Sertoli cells in monoculture released into the
      medium Type IV collagen (322 to 419 ng/microgram cell DNA per 48 h) but did not
      form detectable amounts of Type I collagen or fibronectin during the initial six
      days of culture. Neither cell type produced detectable quantities of soluble
      laminin. Immunocytochemical localization investigations demonstrated that
      peritubular cells in monoculture were positive for fibronectin, Type I collagen,
      and Type IV collagen but negative for laminin. In all monocultures most of the
      ECM components were intracellular, with scant deposition as extracellular
      fibrils. Sertoli cells were positive immunocytochemically for Type IV collagen
      and laminin but negative for fibronectin and Type I collagen. Co-cultures of
      peritubular cells and Sertoli cells resulted in interactions that quantitatively
      altered levels of soluble ECM components present in the medium. This was
      correlated with an increased deposition of ECM components in extracellular
      fibrils. The data correlated with an increased deposition of ECM components in
      extracellular fibrils. The data presented here we interpret to indicate that the
      two cell types in co-culture act cooperatively in the formation and deposition of
      ECM components. Results are discussed with respect to the nature of interactions
      between mesenchymal peritubular cell precursors and adjacent epithelial Sertoli
      cell precursors in the formation of the basal lamina of the seminiferous tubule.

PMID- 3889014
TI  - Expression of a developmentally regulated antigen on the surface of skeletal and
      cardiac muscle cells.
AB  - H36 is a species-specific, cell-surface antigen on differentiating newborn rat
      skeletal myoblasts and myogenic lines. This membrane antigen has been defined by
      a monoclonal antibody raised by the fusion of SP 2/0-Ag14 myeloma cells with
      spleen cells from mice immunized with myotubes derived from the myogenic E63
      line. H36 antigen, isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography, is comprised of two
      polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 98,000 and 117,000. Fluorescence
      photometry and radioimmunoassays have been used to follow quantitative and
      topographic changes in the H36 determinant during myogenesis. H36 is present at a
      basal level on replicating myoblasts; it increases on prefusion myoblasts and
      persists on myotubes. At or near the time of prefusion, it becomes concentrated
      between adjacent aligned myoblasts and localized on membrane "blebs". H36 is
      present on both skeletal and cardiac cells but absent from a variety of cells
      that include fibroblasts, neuronal cells, and smooth muscle. There are
      approximately 4 x 10(5) determinants per myoblast, and the Ka of the antibody is
      3.8 x 10(8) liters/mol. The distributions of H36 on the top and attached surfaces
      of myoblasts and myotubes are distinct, which suggests localized specialization
      of these surfaces. H36 is an integral membrane component and upon cross-linking,
      it associates with the detergent-insoluble cytoskeletal framework. Inhibition of
      myogenesis by 5-bromodeoxyuridine or by calcium deprivation prevents the
      developmentally associated changes in the expression of H36. H36 is also absent
      or markedly reduced on the fu- and Ama102 developmentally defective mutant
      myoblast lines. We conclude that H36 is a muscle-specific, developmentally
      regulated cell-surface antigen that may have a role in myoblast differentiation
      and that can be used to determine the embryonic lineages of skeletal and cardiac
      muscle.

PMID- 3889015
TI  - Origin of the glomerular basement membrane visualized after in vivo labeling of
      laminin in newborn rat kidneys.
AB  - To examine the origin and assembly of glomerular basement membranes (GBMs),
      affinity purified anti-laminin IgG was directly coupled to horseradish peroxidase
      (HRP) and intravenously injected into newborn rats. Kidneys were then processed
      for peroxidase histochemistry and microscopy. Within 1 h after injection, anti
      laminin bound to basement membranes of nephrons in all developmental stages
      (vesicle, comma, S-shaped, developing capillary loop, and maturing glomeruli). In
      S-shaped and capillary loop glomeruli, anti-laminin-HRP labeled a double basal
      lamina between the endothelium and epithelium. Sections incubated with anti
      laminin in vitro showed labeling within the rough endoplasmic reticulum of
      endothelium and epithelium, indicating that both cell types synthesized laminin
      for the double basement membrane. In maturing glomeruli, injected anti-laminin
      HRP bound throughout the GBMs, and double basement membranes were rarely
      observed. At this stage, however, numerous knobs or outpockets of basement
      membrane material extending far into the epithelial side of the capillary wall
      were identified and these were also labeled throughout their full thickness. No
      such outpockets were found in the endothelial cell layer of newborn rats (and
      they normally are completely absent in fully mature, adult glomeruli). In
      contrast with these results, in kidneys fixed 4-6 d after anti-laminin IgG-HRP
      injection, basement membranes of vesicle, comma, and S-shaped nephrons were
      unlabeled, indicating that they were assembled after injection. GBM labeling was
      seen in maturing glomeruli, however. In addition, the outpockets of basement
      membrane extending into the epithelium were often completely unlabeled whereas
      GBMs lying immediately beneath them were labeled intensely, which indicates that
      the outpockets were probably assembled by the epithelium. Injections of sheep
      anti-laminin IgG followed 8 d later with injections of biotin-rabbit anti-laminin
      IgG and double-label immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that GBM formation
      continued during individual capillary loop expansion. GBM assembly therefore
      occurs by at least two different processes at separate times in development: (a)
      fusion of endothelial and epithelial basement membranes followed by (b) addition
      of new basement membrane from the epithelium into existing GBMs.

PMID- 3889016
TI  - Characterization of a 36,000-dalton protein from the surface of Madin-Darby
      canine kidney cells involved in cell attachment and spreading.
AB  - We have identified and immunochemically characterized a 36,000-dalton membrane
      glycoprotein from Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. This protein is surface
      labeled by lactoperoxidase-mediated iodination and metabolically labeled by
      [35S]methionine. It binds to Concanavalin A and incorporates 2-D-3H-mannose
      residues, thus indicating it is a glycoprotein. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies
      against this protein evenly decorate the external surface of trypsinized,
      unpolarized cells. The external apical surface of confluent monolayers, grown
      under culture conditions in which the tight junctions are closed and the cells
      have acquired polarity, is also evenly stained. The basolateral aspects of the
      external surface are stained only when the tight junctions are opened by removal
      of Ca++ or when the antibody has access to the monolayer from the basal side,
      which indicates an even distribution of this antigen on the surface of polarized
      cells. The antibody has no inhibitory effect on the opening and resealing of
      tight junctions in dense cultures, but does inhibit the attachment and spreading
      of cells on a substrate, which then blocks the establishment of a confluent
      functional monolayer.

PMID- 3889017
TI  - In cow anterior pituitary, growth hormone and prolactin can be packed in separate
      granules of the same cell.
AB  - The ultrastructural localization of growth hormone and prolactin in cow anterior
      pituitary was studied by double immunocytochemical labeling using specific
      antibodies and protein A-gold particles of different sizes. The two hormones were
      found in specific somatotrophs and mammotrophs as well as in somatomammotropic
      cells which were multinucleated and predominantly arranged in clusters in the
      central area of the lobules. In these mixed cells the two hormones were packaged
      (a) in different granules of the same cell, (b) in the same granules where they
      were segregated in different portions of the granule content, or (c) in the same
      granules but evenly intermixed. The relative proportion of these three types of
      granules varied in somatomammotrophs of different animals. A single large Golgi
      complex was generally present in somatomammotrophs. Small, immature granules
      containing either growth hormone or prolactin or both hormones were found
      randomly distributed along Golgi stacks. This suggests that in these cells the
      two hormones are processed in the same Golgi cisternae and that mechanism(s)
      exist(s) to sort out the two hormones from each other.

PMID- 3889019
TI  - Biological activities of laminin.
AB  - Laminin is a multifunctional protein with diverse biological activities. Like
      fibronectin, it can influence cell adhesion, growth, morphology, differentiation,
      migration, and agglutination as well as the assembly of the extracellular matrix.
      Laminin primarily affects cells of epithelial origin, and the response varies
      depending on the cell. Because most differentiated cells are difficult to
      maintain in culture, laminin may be an important supplement in studies on cell
      differentiation in vitro.

PMID- 3889018
TI  - Embryonic chicken skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles express a common embryo
      specific myosin light chain.
AB  - It has been demonstrated that embryonic chicken gizzard smooth muscle contains a
      unique embryonic myosin light chain of 23,000 mol wt, called L23 (Katoh, N., and
      S. Kubo, 1978, Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 535:401-411; Takano-Ohmuro, H., T.
      Obinata, T. Mikawa, and T. Masaki, 1983, J. Biochem. (Tokyo), 93:903-908). When
      we examined myosins in developing chicken ventricular and pectoralis muscles by
      two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the myosin light chain (Le) that completely
      comigrates with L23 was detected in both striated muscles at early developmental
      stages. Two monoclonal antibodies, MT-53f and MT-185d, were applied to
      characterize the embryonic light chain Le of striated muscles. Both monoclonal
      antibodies were raised to fast skeletal muscle myosin light chains; the former
      antibody is specific to fast muscle myosin light chains 1 and 3, whereas the
      latter recognizes not only fast muscle myosin light chains but also the embryonic
      smooth muscle light chain L23. The immunoblots combined with both one- and two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that Le reacts with MT-185d but not with
      MT-53f. These results strongly indicate that Le is identical to L23 and that
      embryonic chicken skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles express a common embryo
      specific myosin light chain.

PMID- 3889020
TI  - Cellular responses elicited by insulin mimickers in cells lacking detectable
      plasma membrane insulin receptors.
AB  - Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were previously shown to have few or no
      plasma membrane insulin binding sites (Hofmann et al: J Biol Chem 258:11774,
      1983]. Accordingly, neither insulin-stimulated incorporation of [14C]glucose into
      glycogen, nor insulin-induced uptake of radiolabeled alpha-aminoisobutyrate
      ([3H]AIB) could be demonstrated. To probe for receptors, MDCK cultures were
      surface-labeled with Na125I or were labeled with [35S]methionine. When
      solubilized cells were immunoprecipitated with sera containing antibodies to the
      insulin receptor, and immunoprecipitates were analyzed on SDS-gel
      electrophoresis, no evidence for insulin receptor components was found. Also,
      when intact MDCK cells wee incubated first with serum containing antibodies to
      the insulin receptor and then with 125I-protein A, no radiolabeling of insulin
      receptors occurred. Various agents reported to have insulin-like activity were
      tested on MDCK cells. The insulinomimetic lectins concanavalin A and wheat germ
      agglutinin as well as hydrogen peroxide enhanced incorporation of [14C]glucose
      into glycogen and induced stimulated [3H]AIB uptake, whereas trypsin, vanadate,
      and serum containing antibodies to the insulin receptor were without effects.
      Altogether, these results showed that MDCK cells had few or no insulin receptors
      and were correspondingly insulin-insensitive. However, since insulin-associated
      responses could be elicited by some insulin mimickers, the post-receptor limb of
      response in MDCK cells was apparently intact.

PMID- 3889021
TI  - [Current status of the treatment of perforated duodenal ulcer].
AB  - A European study involving 15 major centres shows that the surgical treatment of
      a perforated duodenal ulcer depends closely upon the underlying condition and the
      operative risk. The latter is determined on the basis of the age of the subject,
      the time since the perforation, and the chronicity of the ulcer as well as the
      possible concomitant existence of severe medical pathology. In the optimal
      situation, preference is given to suture of the perforation and supraselective
      vagotomy. When general conditions are poor, the tendency is for a more simple
      approach such as simple suture or even the Taylor Wangensteen method. Type B II
      gastric resection remains indicated where there is associated bleeding or in the
      presence of large non-suturable ulcers which cannot be dealth with by a Rives
      type patch of epiploon.

PMID- 3889022
TI  - [Volvulus of the gallbladder. Apropos of a new case].
AB  - A case of volvulus of the gallbladder is reported, preoperative diagnostic of
      this rare lesion being difficult to establish in spite of the contribution of
      ultrasound imaging. The non-specific clinical findings suggest the need for
      cholecystectomy.

PMID- 3889023
TI  - [A new technic of cutaneous suture. The SAFE technic (Suture, Assisted by
      adhesive Film, for Esthetic results)].
AB  - A new cutaneous suture technique is described. It is designed for tegumental
      closing of rectilinear incisions in nonseptic surgery. The technique involves
      intradermal overcasting with monofilament non-resorbable suture covered with a
      double adhesive film which reduces strain and provides a therapeutic pressure;
      after ablation of the first film, it is replaced with adhesive films continuously
      for 2 months. This technique provides the following advantages: rapidity of
      suture, simplification of postoperative care, improvement in patient comfort,
      major reduction in duration of the inflammatory cicatricial period, improvement
      in final aesthetic results, spectacular in the case of zones under high
      mechanical tension (arms and legs, scapular belt, etc.), reduction in total cost:
      suture + postoperative dressing. This technique has been studied for 1 1/2 years
      in more than 400 patients undergoing various procedures, both for immediate
      suture and for resuture of the trunk and extremities; postoperative cicatrization
      appears to be optimal from the standpoints of both the surgeon and the patient,
      and in our experience, there have been only two minor allergic reactions which
      did not compromise normal cicatrization. This technique is presented in detail,
      with a summary of indications and results.

PMID- 3889025
TI  - Simultaneous assay of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol and norepinephrine in
      human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical
      detection.

PMID- 3889024
TI  - [Tracheal compression by an abnormal primary left carotid artery originating from
      the brachiocephalic trunk].

PMID- 3889026
TI  - Determination of levobunolol and dihydrolevobunolol in blood and urine by high
      performance liquid chromatography using fluorescence detection.

PMID- 3889027
TI  - The relationship of weight change to changes in blood pressure, serum uric acid,
      cholesterol and glucose in the treatment of hypertension.
AB  - In the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP), elevated blood
      pressure (BP) was treated by rigorous, stepped care (SC) therapy among half the
      participants, while the other half were referred to usual sources of care
      (referred care, RC). There was no program to reduce weight, however, some
      participants changed weight voluntarily over the first 2 yr, providing an
      opportunity to examine the role of weight change in the development of diuretic
      induced hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia. There was a
      stepwise progression from decreased glucose, uric acid and cholesterol
      concentrations, and BP associated with maximum weight loss to increased values
      with maximum weight gain. In SC, systolic BP declined by 22.4% among weight
      losers and by 17.1% among weight-gainers; in RC, it was 14.4 and 8.1%,
      respectively. The pattern in diastolic blood pressure and weight change was
      similar but not as marked. These findings suggest the potential importance of
      weight loss in enhancing effectiveness of antihypertensive drug treatment and
      attenuating increases in glucose, uric acid, and cholesterol associated with
      diuretic treatment of hypertension. The weight change analyses are based on
      postrandomization observations and do not reflect experimental changes.

PMID- 3889028
TI  - Glucose metabolism in noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients with experimental
      hyperthyroidism.
AB  - Hyperthyroidism is known to further impair carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic
      patients. In the present study we examined in noninsulin-dependent (type 2)
      diabetic patients the effect of T3-induced hyperthyroidism on glucose utilization
      and endogenous glucose production by means of the hyperinsulinemic and
      hyperglycemic clamp technique in combination with [3H]3-glucose kinetic analysis.
      Administration of T3 for 1 week increased the mean serum T3 concentration from
      1.0 +/- 0.1 (SEM) to 4.1 +/- 0.2 ng/ml, and the mean fasting plasma glucose from
      8.7 +/- 0.7 to 9.9 +/- 0.9 mmol/liter. Basal hepatic glucose production (HGP)
      rose from 3.23 +/- 0.23 to 3.98 +/- 0.25 mg/kg X min, whereas basal MCR of
      glucose (MCRG) increased only slightly from 2.12 +/- 0.24 to 2.30 +/- 0.14 ml/kg
      X min. When the plasma insulin concentration was acutely raised and maintained at
      82 +/- 8 microU/ml (hyperinsulinemic clamp study), HGP decreased to 0.71 +/- 0.29
      mg/kg X min and MCRG increased to 3.16 +/- 0.47 ml/kg X min. After T3
      administration suppression of HGP by insulin was reduced (1.55 +/- 0.37 mg/kg X
      min), but at the same time MCRG was only slightly affected (3.64 +/- 0.54 ml/kg X
      min). In the hyperglycemic clamp study the plasma glucose concentration was
      maintained 7 mmol/liter above the individual fasting level. MCRG was again
      slightly higher after T3 administration (1.98 +/- 0.18 vs. 1.66 +/- 0.15 ml/kg X
      min), but insufficient to completely compensate for the higher residual HGP at
      the hyperthyroid as compared to the euthyroid state (2.42 +/- 0.24 vs. 1.45 +/-
      0.36 mg/kg X min). Thus, deterioration of metabolic control in noninsulin
      dependent diabetic patients by hyperthyroidism is due primarily to enhancement of
      basal HGP and its reduced suppressibility by insulin and glucose.

PMID- 3889029
TI  - Regulation of growth hormone release from cultured human pituitary adenomas by
      somatomedins and insulin.
AB  - GH secretion is stimulated by hypothalamic GH-releasing factor (GHRH) and
      inhibited by somatostatin. Since GH induces the production of insulin-like growth
      factors (IGF) in liver and other tissues, it is of interest to learn whether IGF
      alters GH release through long loop feedback inhibition. Pituitary adenomas which
      had been removed from six acromegalic patients were processed for dispersed cell
      cultures and/or cell membrane preparations. Binding studies using 125I-labeled
      IGF-I, IGF-II, and insulin revealed specific hormone binding for each ligand to
      cell membranes derived from four somatotropinomas. A partially purified
      somatomedin preparation inhibited basal and/or GHRH-stimulated GH release from
      cultured pituitary cells derived from three of four adenomas; there was no effect
      of somatomedin in one tumor. In a single tumor, insulin also partially inhibited
      GHRH-stimulated GH release. Additionally, in one nonadenomatous pituitary removed
      from a patient with diabetes mellitus, insulin and somatomedin inhibited GHRH
      stimulated GH release, and insulin inhibited basal GH secretion. These results
      indicate that specific cell membrane receptors for somatomedin peptides and
      insulin may be found on cell membranes from GH-secreting tumors, and that
      somatomedins and insulin can inhibit GH release in cultured human somatotropinoma
      cells. Thus, these data suggest that somatomedins may exert feedback inhibition
      of GH secretion in some patients with acromegaly.

PMID- 3889030
TI  - Molecular forms of circulating growth hormone during spontaneous secretory
      episodes and in the basal state.
AB  - After pharmacological stimulation of the pituitary gland, human GH (hGH) in
      plasma consists of three or more monomeric molecular forms and several
      corresponding oligomers. However, the chemical nature of hGH circulating under
      physiological (stimulated or basal) conditions is not known. In particular, the
      molecular basis for the GH-like bioactivity of plasma is poorly understood. To
      gain information on the type(s) of hGH normally found in blood, we extracted hGH
      from plasma obtained at the time of spontaneous secretory episodes (nocturnal and
      random release) and during basal periods in 15 normal subjects. Appropriate
      plasma volumes (30 or 300 ml) were extracted by immunoadsorbent chromatography,
      and the extracts were analyzed by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH
      7.5 and by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 10.
      The plasma hGH pattern at the time of spontaneous secretion was similar to that
      after pharmacological stimulation and consisted of 22K (principal), 20K, and
      acidic hGH as well as hGH dimer. In contrast, plasma hGH patterns during basal
      periods were highly variable and included immunoreactive hGH fragments in
      addition to the known hGH forms. Components with mol wt of 30K, 16K, and 12K were
      consistently identified. We conclude that 1) endogenously stimulated hGH
      secretion results in the same plasma hormone patterns as pharmacological stimuli;
      2) several immunoreactive hGH fragments contribute to the heterogeneity of plasma
      hGH; and 3) hGH fragments may become a dominant part of total immunoreactivity in
      the basal state.

PMID- 3889031
TI  - Serum and dialysate osteocalcin levels in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
      patients and after renal transplantation.
AB  - Serum osteocalcin (BGP), a vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA)
      containing bone protein, provides an index of bone turnover in patients with a
      variety of metabolic bone diseases. BGP increases with increasing age in both
      sexes, but more so in women. BGP rises above normal when the glomerular
      filtration rate falls below 30 ml/min. Because of its importance in bone disease,
      its low mol wt, and the effect of uremia, we measured BGP by RIA in serum and
      dialysate fluid in patients on hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD). In
      32 HD patients (22 women and 10 men), serum BGP was not different pre- and
      postdialysis [67.5 +/- 4.4 (+/- SEM) ng/ml vs. 67.7 +/- 5.2), but was
      significantly elevated compared to the level in normal subjects (7.3 +/- 0.8
      ng/ml). The sex difference previously reported in normal subjects was not found
      in patients with renal failure. The serum BGP level in 8 PD patients was 49.4 +/-
      6.9 ng/ml, with a peritoneal fluid concentration of 27.6 +/- 9.3 ng/ml. The
      hemodialysate fluid concentration of BGP was 1.7 +/- 0.4 ng/ml, which was
      significantly lower than the serum BGP levels in the HD patients, the PD
      patients, and peritoneal fluid (P less than 0.01). A significant correlation
      existed among BGP, alkaline phosphatase, immunoreactive PTH, creatinine, and
      blood urea nitrogen. We conclude that BGP is markedly elevated in patients with
      renal failure, not altered in the serum by HD or PD, but very low in HD dialysate
      fluid. These findings may reflect a combination of impaired clearance and
      increased skeletal production. The difference in clearance between the peritoneal
      and hemodialysis fluid is compatible with the mol wt of BGP. In 15 patients who
      had successful kidney transplantation, serum BGP was normal despite an elevated
      serum PTH level.

PMID- 3889032
TI  - Release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide in totally pancreatectomized patients.
AB  - The role of insulin in controlling gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) release
      was assessed in seven totally pancreatectomized patients, in whom inhibitory
      effects of endogenous pancreatic hormones on GIP secretion were excluded. In
      these patients, glucose was ingested on two occasions, once alone and once during
      insulin infusion using an artificial endocrine pancreas to maintain blood glucose
      at levels similar to those in normal subjects. Plasma levels of GIP, the maximum
      response of plasma GIP, and the integrated incremental GIP for 180 min were
      similar. We conclude that insulin does not alter the secretion of GIP in response
      to oral glucose when the influence of endogenous pancreatic hormones is excluded.

PMID- 3889033
TI  - Expression of the microsomal antigen on the surface of continuously cultured rat
      thyroid cells is modulated by thyrotropin.
AB  - The thyroid microsomal antigen, commonly implicated in thyroid autoimmune
      diseases, is not confined to cytoplasm, but is also present on the surface of
      human thyroid cells in primary culture. In this study, a strain of differentiated
      rat thyroid cells (FRTL5) grown in continuous culture was used to investigate the
      relationship between functional status of the thyroid cell and expression of
      microsomal antigen on its surface. Sera from eight patients with Hashimoto's
      thyroiditis, one with idiopathic hypothyroidism, and three with hyperthyroid
      Graves' disease were selected for the presence of microsomal antibody, but
      undetectable thyroglobulin antibody. One additional serum sample from a patient
      with Graves' disease, which was negative for both thyroid antibodies was used.
      Sera from eight normal subjects were used as controls. Indirect
      immunofluorescence was applied to FRTL5 cells that were viable or fixed with
      acetone in order to expose intracellular antigens. When FRTL5 cells were cultured
      in Coon's medium containing TSH (300 microU/ml), positive indirect
      immunofluorescence surface staining was observed with sera containing microsomal
      antibody, but not with control sera or with the Graves' serum negative for
      microsomal antibody. A rough correlation was found between the intensity of the
      surface fluorescence and microsomal antibody titer. After acetone treatment,
      microsomal antibody-positive sera produced typical cytoplasmic staining. When
      FRTL5 cells were cultured in the absence of TSH, disappearance of the surface
      fluorescence and reduction of the cytoplasmic microsomal antigen occurred.
      Readdition of TSH progressively restored both the surface and cytoplasmic
      microsomal antigen. The present data indicate that the thyroid microsomal antigen
      is represented on the surface of FRTL5 cells, and its expression is modulated by
      TSH.

PMID- 3889034
TI  - Identification of a thyroid microsomal antigen by Western blot and
      immunoprecipitation.
AB  - The molecular identity of the thyroid microsomal antigen was investigated by
      Western blot and immunoprecipitation using sera from eight patients with
      autoimmune thyroid disease. All sera had high microsomal antibody titers by
      hemagglutination test and ELISA; only one had thyroglobulin (Tg) antibody. In an
      immunoprecipitation study using Triton X-100-solubilized 125I-labeled microsomes,
      all of the sera precipitated a 107K protein. However, this 107K protein was
      visualized by only three patients' sera by Western blot analysis under reducing
      conditions. In Western blots run under nonreducing conditions, four sera,
      including the three sera mentioned above, recognized poorly defined large mol wt
      proteins. One serum which also had Tg antibody recognized additional bands by
      both immunoprecipitation and Western blot. Preincubation of serum with 100
      micrograms/ml Tg or 100 mU/ml bovine TSH did not alter the binding of antibody to
      107K protein in Western blot analysis. The 107K protein was not visualized in
      Western blots of liver and kidney microsomes using patients' sera. Experiments
      were performed to characterize the difference between one serum (no. 1) which
      visualized the 107K band in Western blots and a serum (no. 4) which did not.
      Reactivity at different dilutions was compared by ELISA and Western blot studies.
      Serum 1 recognized the 107K protein even at a 1:3200 dilution, which gave a lower
      optical density value than a 1:200 dilution of serum 4 in ELISA, while serum 4
      failed to recognize the 107K band at any dilution. An affinity gel prepared from
      serum 4 immunoglobulin G linked to agarose [Reacti-Gel (6 X)] removed from Triton
      X-100-solubilized microsomes the 107K protein which patient 1 serum recognized by
      Western blot analysis under reducing conditions. The data indicate that serum 4
      can recognize the 107K protein under nondenaturing conditions. These data
      indicate that the 107K protein described here is the microsomal antigen, and that
      may associate with another protein or maintain a unique conformation due to
      disulfide bonds present in the native state. In addition, the 107K protein
      includes at least two antigen epitopes and different patients have different
      antibodies or different populations of antibodies against these epitopes.

PMID- 3889035
TI  - Somatomedin-C in normal puberty and in true precocious puberty before and after
      treatment with a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist.
AB  - To explore further the relationship of gonadal sex steroids to the rise in
      somatomedin-C (Sm-C) during puberty, we studied a group of children with true
      precocious puberty before and after treatment which suppressed sex steroid
      output. Plasma estradiol and testosterone and serum acid-ethanol-extractable Sm-C
      were determined by specific RIAs in 7 boys and 12 girls with true precocious
      puberty before and at regular intervals during treatment with a potent LHRH
      agonist (LHRH-A), D-Trp6-Pro9-NEt-LHRH. For comparison, Sm-C and sex steroid
      concentrations were determined in 266 normal adolescents and 37 normal
      prepubertal children, 1-9 yr of age. The mean +/- SEM Sm-C levels in normal male
      individuals peaked at 15 yr (2.46 +/- 0.23 U/ml) and at pubertal (genital) stage
      III (2.29 +/- 0.19 U/ml), and those in normal females reached their highest
      concentration at 12-15 yr of age and at pubertal (breast) stage III (2.47 +/-
      0.15 U/ml). Sm-C concentrations correlated better with pubertal (genital or
      breast) stage than with chronological age for both sexes and better with
      testosterone levels in males than with estradiol levels in females. The mean +/-
      SEM Sm-C concentrations in both males and females with true precocious puberty
      were 2.07 +/- 0.16 U/ml before therapy and decreased significantly to 1.52 +/-
      0.13 U/ml after 6 months of therapy. The mean Sm-C level of the patients remained
      significantly elevated for chronological age, but decreased into the normal range
      for bone age after 6-12 months of therapy. Sm-C correlated significantly with
      testosterone and estradiol levels, but not with growth rate. Mean nighttime GH
      secretion decreased significantly after 6 months of LHRH-A therapy. In summary,
      children with true precocious puberty have Sm-C elevations typical of normal
      puberty. The decrease in Sm-C levels after suppression of gonadal sex steroid
      output with LHRH-A is evidence that sex steroids are necessary to induce this
      elevation in Sm-C concentration. The decrease in GH secretion during LHRH-A
      therapy suggests that the effect of sex steroids on Sm-C levels during normal
      puberty is mediated, at least in part, through stimulation of GH secretion.

PMID- 3889036
TI  - Immunohistological evidence for renin in human endocrine tissues.
AB  - The peroxidase-labeled antibody method and the avidin-biotin-complex method with
      antiserum to purified human kidney renin were used to identify renin in human
      endocrine tissues. Renin immunoreactivity was found in some large cells of the
      anterior pituitary, the zona glomerulosa and the zona reticularis of the adrenal,
      the Leydig cells of the testis, and the follicular epithelial cells of the
      thyroid and prostate glands. The specificity of the immunohistochemical reaction
      was confirmed by immunoabsorption tests. The specific localization of
      immunoreactive renin in each tissue suggests a possible role of renin in the
      function of these tissues.

PMID- 3889037
TI  - Counterregulatory responses to insulin-induced glucose reduction in the elderly.
AB  - The impact of age on counterregulatory responses to moderate reductions in blood
      glucose induced by a constant insulin infusion (20 mU/m2 X min) was studied in
      normal young (n = 7; aged 20-42 yr) and old (n = 7; aged 66-77 yr) nonobese
      subjects. Insulin was infused until the whole blood glucose level fell to or
      below 60 mg/dl. This required an infusion time of 39 +/- 3 (+/- SE) min in the
      young and 36 +/- 3 min in the old. Mean basal glucose [young, 88 +/- 2 (+/- SE);
      old, 88 +/- 2 mg/dl), minimum glucose (young, 51 +/- 2; old, 54 +/- 1 mg/dl),
      time to nadir (young, 48 +/- 3; old, 44 +/- 3), and time to recovery were similar
      in both groups. Maximal (young, 40.3 +/- 2.3; old, 42.1 +/- 3.3 microU/ml)
      insulin levels were also similar. Basal and maximal levels of glucagon,
      epinephrine, and GH were similar in the two groups. Although basal norepinephrine
      values were higher in the old subjects (young, 243 +/- 38; old, 364 +/- 23 pg/ml;
      P = 0.02), increments above basal during reduction in blood glucose were not
      affected by age. Basal cortisol values were similar (young, 13.7 +/- 1.4; old,
      14.0 +/- 0.7 micrograms/dl), but maximum cortisol responses were slightly greater
      in the old subjects (young, 14.6 +/- 1.0; old, 17.7 +/- 0.9 micrograms/dl; P =
      0.03). These studies indicate that hormonal responses and counterregulatory
      efficiency during modest reductions in blood glucose are preserved in healthy
      elderly subjects.

PMID- 3889038
TI  - Evidence for the presence of oncoplacental SP1-like protein in normal nonpregnant
      serum.
AB  - To seek the pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) in nonpregnant serum,
      normal human serum was applied to immunoadsorbent containing monoclonal anti-SP1
      antibodies. SP1 eluted with 8 M urea was further analyzed by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. A SP1-positive band with the same
      electrophoretic mobility as purified placental SP1 was found. The results suggest
      that serum from normal nonpregnant subjects contains material closely related to
      the placental protein SP1. The mean serum concentrations of SP1 were similar in
      men and women, ranging from 1.1-3.4 ng/ml.

PMID- 3889039
TI  - How insulin resistant are patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus?
AB  - The study was carried out to quantify the ability of physiological increases in
      the plasma insulin concentration to stimulate glucose disposal above basal levels
      in 25 normal subjects and 25 patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
      (NIDDM). Patients were sex, age, and weight matched, and glucose disposal was
      determined under basal conditions (plasma insulin, approximately 10 microU/ml)
      and after plasma insulin levels had been increased to approximately 90 microU/ml.
      The mean (+/- SEM) glucose disposal rate was significantly greater (P less than
      0.001) under basal conditions in patients with NIDDM (110 +/- 5 mg/m2 X min) than
      in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (77 +/- 4 mg/m2 X min). Glucose
      disposal rates increased in both normal subjects and NIDDM patients when plasma
      insulin concentrations were increased to about 90 microU/ml; however, the
      increment was much greater in normal subjects. Thus, glucose disposal only rose
      to a mean (+/- SEM) value of 145 +/- 7 mg/m2 X min in patients with NIDDM,
      representing an approximate 30% increase due to insulin. In contrast, a similar
      elevation of plasma insulin in normal subjects resulted in an increase in glucose
      disposal of approximately 300%, reaching a mean (+/- SEM) value of 310 +/- 24
      mg/m2 X min. These results indicate that the defect in insulin-stimulated glucose
      uptake is significantly greater in patients with NIDDM than has previously been
      found.

PMID- 3889040
TI  - Alcohol stimulation of renin release in man: its relation to the hemodynamic,
      electrolyte, and sympatho-adrenal responses to drinking.
AB  - Alcohol stimulation of the renin-angiotensin axis has been proposed as an
      explanation for the higher blood pressure in drinkers. This study examines the
      acute effects of moderate alcohol intake on PRA in relation to change in fluid
      and electrolyte balance, sympatho-adrenal activity, blood pressure, and heart
      rate in 20 normal men, aged 20-24 yr. They consumed either 750 ml nonalcoholic
      beer as a control or the same beverage with 1 ml/kg alcohol added, which
      increased the plasma alcohol concentration to 16.7 +/- 1.0 (+/- SE) mM within 70
      min. PRA increased more than 2-fold 90 min after the ingestion of alcohol. This
      was accompanied by a decrease in diastolic blood pressure and a fall in plasma
      potassium, both possible stimuli to the rise in PRA. A late increase in plasma
      sodium, also occurring 90 min after alcohol ingestion, was attributed to plasma
      volume contraction after an alcohol-induced diuresis. This may have been an
      additional factor in stimulating renin release. Norepinephrine levels increased
      during both alcohol and control studies. In contrast, plasma epinephrine
      decreased significantly during the control study, but did not change after
      alcohol ingestion. Hence, alcohol stimulation of sympathetic nervous activity is
      unlikely to have mediated the renin release. We conclude that the acute increase
      in PRA associated with moderate alcohol consumption is predominantly a secondary
      response to changes in fluid and electrolyte balance and blood pressure. Although
      a direct action of alcohol on renin release was not excluded, the possibility
      that repeated activation of the renin-angiotensin system mediates the pressor
      effect of regular moderate alcohol consumption is, therefore, diminished.

PMID- 3889041
TI  - Familial hyperinsulinemia complicated by extreme insulin resistance during
      pregnancy: a probable postreceptor defect.
AB  - Detailed studies of a family with hyperinsulinemia are reported. The index
      patient, a 30-yr-old woman with polycystic ovary syndrome, presented with
      gestational diabetes which was completely resistant to insulin in the presence of
      severe endogenous hyperinsulinemia. Sensitivity to insulin was regained after
      delivery. Therapy with cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol for hirsutism
      exacerbated the hyperinsulinemia toward the levels occurring in pregnancy, with a
      concomitant deterioration of glucose tolerance. Five other members of her family
      also were found to have hyperinsulinemia together with high concentrations of
      circulating C-peptide. Antibodies to insulin and to insulin receptors were not
      detected, insulin antagonists were not increased, and insulin degradation in the
      circulation was normal. Insulin extracted from the patient's serum was identical
      to normal insulin by the criteria of Sephadex chromatography, placental membrane
      insulin receptor binding, and stimulation of 2-deoxyglucose uptake in isolated
      rat adipocytes. Although [125I]insulin binding to erythrocytes of all family
      members and to the patient's placental membranes was markedly reduced, binding to
      fibroblast cultures from the patient was normal. Insulin-stimulated glucose
      transport in these fibroblasts also was normal, but there was a mild (20%)
      reduction in the concentration of cytochalasin B-binding sites in erythrocyte
      ghosts. Insulin resistance in this family may be due to a partial defect distal
      to the insulin receptor. This is asymptomatic unless metabolic stresses
      (pregnancy or steroid administration) are superimposed.

PMID- 3889042
TI  - Detection of a Trichosporon beigelii antigen cross-reactive with Cryptococcus
      neoformans capsular polysaccharide in serum from a patient with disseminated
      Trichosporon infection.
AB  - Latex beads coated with anti-Cryptococcus neoformans antibody were agglutinated
      by serum from a bone marrow transplant recipient having a disseminated infection
      caused by Trichosporon beigelii. The cryptococcal latex agglutination titer in
      the serum of the patient rose to 1:2,560 by the time of his death. Necropsy
      confirmed the disseminated Trichosporon infection and absence of C. neoformans.
      Cell wall extracts of the isolate of the patient and two additional strains of T.
      beigelii agglutinated anti-Cryptococcus-coated latex beads. The antigen in the
      serum of the patient and in the extracts responsible for the agglutination was
      not destroyed by proteolytic enzymes or heat. A single antigen reactive with
      rabbit anti-Trichosporon serum could be identified in the serum of the patient
      and the cell wall extracts by rocket immunoelectrophoresis and crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis and indirect fluorescent
      antibody staining demonstrated that anti-Trichosporon antibody recognized the
      capsular polysaccharide of C. neoformans.

PMID- 3889043
TI  - Comparison of a new, rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with latex particle
      agglutination for the detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b infections.
AB  - A new, rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of
      polyribosylribitol phosphate of Haemophilus influenzae type b was compared with a
      commercially available latex particle agglutination (LPA) system (Bactigen;
      Wampole Laboratories, Cranbury, N.J.). By adding specimens and the anti
      polyribosylribitol phosphate immunoglobulin-enzyme conjugate to the solid phase
      in a single step, it was possible to complete the ELISA procedure in 30 min. The
      ELISA was capable of detecting 0.3 ng of polyribosylribitol phosphate per ml in
      cerebrospinal fluid, 0.6 ng/ml in urine, and 1.2 ng/ml in serum; the in vitro
      sensitivity of LPA in these body fluids was 0.6, 0.3, and 0.3 ng/ml,
      respectively. Both procedures detected polyribosylribitol phosphate in specimens
      from 25 patients with bacteriologically confirmed H. influenzae type b
      infections. The specificity of ELISA appeared to be superior to that of LPA.
      ELISA was positive in only one of seven patients who had a positive LPA test and
      a clinical illness that was not compatible with haemophilus infection. Moreover,
      five patients with bacteriologically confirmed infections due to other pathogens
      (Streptococcus pneumoniae type 14 [two patients], Neisseria meningitidis group C,
      Escherichia coli K100, and Staphylococcus aureus) had false-positive LPA tests;
      only two (E. coli and S. aureus) were positive by ELISA. A total of 108 samples
      from 61 patients who had no evidence of haemophilus infections were negative by
      both procedures. The ELISA is a rapid, sensitive, and specific alternative to LPA
      for the detection of haemophilus polyribosylribitol phosphate.

PMID- 3889044
TI  - Evaluation of the RIM-N, Gonochek II, and Phadebact systems for the
      identification of pathogenic Neisseria spp. and Branhamella catarrhalis.
AB  - Methods for identifying Neisseria spp. include conventional and modified
      carbohydrate degradation procedures, chromogenic enzyme substrate tests, and
      immunologic coagglutination tests for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In this study, we
      evaluated the abilities of the RIM-N carbohydrate degradation system (American
      MicroScan, Campbell, Calif.), the Gonochek II enzymatic identification system (Du
      Pont Co., Wilmington, Del.), and the Phadebact Gonococcus coagglutination test
      (Pharmacia Diagnostics, Piscataway, N.J.) to identify pathogenic Neisseria spp.
      and Branhamella catarrhalis. Both stock strains and clinical isolates, including
      176 N. gonorrhoeae, 173 Neisseria meningitidis, 48 Neisseria lactamica, and 12 B.
      catarrhalis strains, were tested. The RIM-N identified 98% of the gonococci, 99%
      of the meningococci, 94% of the N. lactamica strains, and 100% of the B.
      catarrhalis strains within 1 h. The Gonochek II system identified 99% of the
      gonococci, 97% of the meningococci, 100% of the N. lactamica strains, and 100% of
      the B. catarrhalis strains within 30 min. Phadebact coagglutination provided
      clearly positive results for only 77% of the N. gonorrhoeae strains, producing
      negative or equivocal results with 23% of the strains. The RIM-N and Gonocheck II
      tests generally produced clear-cut reactions. An additional advantage of the
      Gonocheck II system was the small inoculum required for the performance of the
      test compared with the other systems, thus allowing the identification of N.
      gonorrhoeae directly from the primary isolation medium.

PMID- 3889045
TI  - Simple microbiological method for the identification of antimicrobial agents
      prescribed in general practice.
AB  - A simple microbiological method to identify antimicrobial agents in urine is
      described. Of 1,514 consecutive urine specimens received from general
      practitioners, 302 (19.94%) contained antimicrobial activity. The antibacterial
      agent was identified confidently in 284 of these. Surprisingly, 83 (5.48%) urine
      specimens contained an antimicrobial substance not usually used in the treatment
      of urinary tract infection.

PMID- 3889046
TI  - Cross-reactions between alpha-streptococci and Omniserum, a polyvalent
      pneumococcal serum, demonstrated by direct immunofluorescence,
      immunoelectroosmophoresis, and latex agglutination.
AB  - In recent years several groups have used serological methods to demonstrate
      pneumococcal capsular antigens in sputum. In the present study 123 strains of
      alpha-hemolytic streptococci (including 97 strains from sputum or pharyngeal
      specimens) were tested for cross-reactions with a polyvalent antipneumococcal
      serum (Omniserum). Representatives of the following species were included:
      Streptococcus bovis, S. equinus, S. intermedius, S. lactis, S. milleri, S. mitis,
      S. mutans, S. sobrinus, S. salivarius, S. sanguis, S. suis, and Aerococcus
      viridans. Serological reactions were detected by direct immunofluorescence,
      immunoelectroosmophoresis, and latex agglutination. Fifteen (12%) of the strains
      gave positive reactions by all three methods. Positive reactions were also
      observed with another 32 strains (26%) with two of the methods, whereas 37
      strains (30%) gave positive reactions by just one technique. Altogether 84 (68%)
      strains gave positive reactions with one or more of the methods. Latex
      agglutination gave positive reactions with 26 (21%) strains compared with 57
      (46%) in immunofluorescence and 63 (51%) in immunoelectroosmophoresis. Absorption
      of the antiserum with one alpha-hemolytic strain reduced but did not entirely
      eliminate the cross-reactions with five tested strains. These findings indicate a
      potential risk of cross-reactions with polyvalent antipneumococcal serum in tests
      carried out on sputa or other specimens which may be contaminated with alpha
      hemolytic streptococci.

PMID- 3889047
TI  - Use of rapid screening tests in processing urine specimens by conventional
      culture and the AutoMicrobic system.
AB  - Two rapid urine screening tests, the Chemstrip LN (BioDynamics, Indianapolis,
      Ind.) and the Bac-T-Screen urine screening device (Marion Laboratories, Inc.,
      Kansas City, Mo.), were evaluated as techniques to predict bacteriuria as
      quantitated by either conventional culture or the AutoMicrobic system (Vitek
      Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.). A total of 666 urine specimens were analyzed by
      both screening tests as well as the AutoMicrobic system and quantitative culture.
      The sensitivities of both Chemstrip LN and Bac-T-Screen for the detection of low
      levels of bacteriuria (greater than or equal to 10(3) CFU/ml) were comparable
      (73.3 and 74.4%, respectively) and were too low to recommend their use as a
      primary urine screen. Their excellent predictive value of a negative result at
      the 10(5) CFU/ml level (96 and 97.5%, respectively) makes them potentially useful
      in predicting urine specimens with less than 10(5) CFU/ml. The use of either of
      these tests in combination with the AutoMicrobic system markedly decreased the
      time required to classify urine specimens. Their low cost relative to the
      AutoMicrobic system urine card makes the use of either test cost effective as a
      screen for the AutoMicrobic system.

PMID- 3889048
TI  - Intracellular multiplication of leprosy-derived mycobacteria in Schwann cells of
      dorsal root ganglion cultures.
AB  - Organized nerve cultures of dorsal root ganglia from neonatal mice were infected
      with Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy. A significant
      multiplication of the acid-fast bacilli was observed within the Schwann cell
      component of the culture. The growth of these bacilli was sensitive to
      antileprosy drugs and was not observed directly in bacteriological media. These
      organisms were brightly stained with the monoclonal antibody to phenolic
      glycolipid-I, a M. leprae-specific marker. The antigenic, pathogenic, and
      biochemical characteristics of this mycobacterium are under investigation.

PMID- 3889050
TI  - Detection of synergistic hemolytic activity of Staphylococcus aureus with the
      Cathra replicator.
AB  - A replicator method for screening Staphylococcus aureus isolates for synergistic
      hemolytic activity is described. The technique should also be useful for
      assessing the hemolytic activity of staphylococci and streptococci on different
      lots or brands of blood agar because the inoculum and the distances between spot
      inocula are standardized.

PMID- 3889049
TI  - Diagnosis of spirochetal meningitis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and
      indirect immunofluorescence assay in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - The antibody response against a spirochetal strain isolated from Swedish Ixodes
      ricinus ticks was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and
      indirect immunofluorescence assay of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum
      specimens from 45 patients with chronic meningitis. Samples of CSF, serum, or
      both from patients with various infections of the central nervous system,
      multiple sclerosis, syphilis, or infectious mononucleosis and from healthy
      individuals served as control samples. Probable spirochetal etiology could be
      demonstrated for 41 of 45 (91%) patients with clinical symptoms of chronic
      meningitis. Approximately 25% of the patients had significantly elevated titers
      of antibody to the spirochete in CSF but not in serum. The highest diagnostic
      sensitivity, 91%, was demonstrated by measurement of CSF antibodies and
      calculation of a spirochetal CSF titer index, which is the ratio of (ELISA titer
      in CSF/ELISA titer in serum) to (albumin in CSF/albumin in serum) and which also
      considers the degree of blood-CSF barrier damage. The highest specificity, 98%,
      was obtained by calculation of a CSF titer index. Patients with short duration of
      disease were especially prone to be antibody negative in serum but positive in
      CSF. Significant rise in serum antibody titers was seldom demonstrated in
      patients treated with antibiotics. It is concluded that measurement of CSF
      antibodies, especially by ELISA, is a highly sensitive and specific method for
      the immunological diagnosis of spirochetal meningitis.

PMID- 3889051
TI  - Assignment of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii strains to
      numerical taxonomy clusters by immunofluorescence based on antifibril antisera.
AB  - A previous observation, using a few representative laboratory strains, that
      rabbit antisera raised against isolated surface fibrils might be useful in
      identifying Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii isolates to their
      correct numerical taxonomy clusters was reexamined with a large culture
      collection, including clinical isolates from three different laboratories.
      Strains were first identified by a slower standard procedure, including
      agglutination with anti-whole-cell antisera, catalase test, and gas and paper
      chromatography as needed. Indirect immunofluorescence tests indicated that
      antisera raised against fibrils of strains representing the three principal
      taxonomic clusters could separate most strains into their correct clusters. The
      antisera were particularly successful in separating two taxonomically distinct
      groups of A. naeslundii, clusters 3 and 5, but could not separate A. viscosus
      belonging to the principal cluster (no. 1) and minor clusters (no. 2, 4, 6).

PMID- 3889052
TI  - Alternate radiolabeled markers for detecting metabolic activity of Mycobacterium
      leprae residing in murine macrophages.
AB  - This study demonstrated the utility of using 4% NaOH as a murine macrophage cell
      solubilizing agent to discriminate between host macrophage metabolism and that of
      intracellular Mycobacterium leprae. A 4% concentration of NaOH had no deleterious
      effect on labeled mycobacteria. Thereby, alternate radiolabeled indicators of the
      metabolic activity of intracellular M. leprae could be experimented with.
      Significant incorporation of 14C-amino acid mixture, [14C]leucine, [14C]uridine,
      and carrier-free 32P was observed in cultures containing freshly extracted
      ("live") strains of M. leprae as compared with control cultures containing
      autoclaved bacilli.

PMID- 3889053
TI  - Infantile cortical hyperostosis with intramedullary lesions.
AB  - A case report of an infant with the clinical, radiological, and histological
      presentations of infantile cortical hyperostosis is presented. Besides the
      classically described subperiosteal thickening, the present patient
      radiographically also had well-circumscribed intramedullary lytic lesions in both
      proximal tibial metaphyses, which subsequently disappeared in 3 months. These
      lesions have not been previously described in the literature. Resolution of these
      lesions suggests they may be part of the radiological picture of infantile
      cortical hyperostosis and probably may be managed by observation.

PMID- 3889054
TI  - The diaphragm: contractile properties and fatigue.

PMID- 3889055
TI  - Differing effects of antiinsulin serum and antiinsulin receptor serum on 123I
      insulin metabolism in rats.
AB  - Anesthetized rats were treated with saline, antiinsulin receptor serum, or
      antiinsulin serum, and the biodistribution of high pressure liquid chromatography
      purified 123I-Tyr A14-insulin was studied by scintillation scanning. Time
      activity curves over organs of interest were calibrated by sacrificing the rats
      at the end of the experiment and directly determining the radioactivity in the
      blood, liver, and kidneys. Saline-treated rats exhibited normal insulin
      biodistribution. The highest concentration of 123I-insulin was found in the
      liver, and reached 30% of total injected dose between 3 and 5 min after
      injection. After this peak, activity rapidly decreased with a t1/2 of 6 min.
      Activity of 123I-insulin in kidney showed a more gradual rise and fall and was
      approximately 15% of injected dose at its maximum. In rats treated with
      antiinsulin antiserum, insulin biodistribution was markedly altered. Peak liver
      activity increased with increasing antibody concentration with up to 90% of
      injected dose appearing in the liver. In addition, there was no clearance of the
      liver 123I-insulin over 30 min. Autoradiographic studies demonstrated that in
      contrast to the normal rats in which radioactivity was associated with
      hepatocytes, in rats passively immunized with anti-insulin serum, 125I-insulin
      was associated primarily with the Kuppfer cells. In contrast, antibodies to the
      insulin receptor markedly inhibited 123I-insulin uptake by the liver. Kidney
      activity increased, reflecting the amount of free 123I-insulin that reached this
      organ. This is similar to the pattern observed when insulin receptors are
      saturated with a high concentration of unlabeled insulin. Thus, both insulin
      antibodies and anti-receptor antibodies alter the distribution of insulin, but
      with very different patterns. The use of 123I-insulin and scintillation scanning
      allows one to study specific alterations in insulin distribution in animal models
      of insulin-resistant states, and should also be useful in human disease states.

PMID- 3889056
TI  - Mechanism of insulin resistance in human liver cirrhosis. Evidence of a combined
      receptor and postreceptor defect.
AB  - Insulin resistance in liver cirrhosis may depend on either reduced sensitivity
      (receptor defect) and/or reduced response to insulin (postreceptor defect). To
      clarify the mechanism of such resistance, a [3H]glucose infusion (0.2
      microCi/min) was performed for 120 min before and during a euglycemic clamp at
      approximately 100, 1,000, and 10,000 microU/ml steady state plasma insulin
      concentration in 18 compensated cirrhotics with portal hypertension and impaired
      glucose tolerance, and 18 healthy volunteers with no family history of diabetes,
      matched for sex, age, and weight. Mean fasting plasma insulin (29.2 +/- 3.4 SEM
      vs. 14.8 +/- 1.1 microU/ml) was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in
      cirrhotics, while fasting plasma glucose was much the same in the two groups.
      Glucose use (milligrams per kilogram per minute) was significantly lower in
      cirrhotics at all three steady state plasma insulin levels: 3.04 +/- 0.34 vs.
      7.72 +/- 0.61 (P less than 0.001) at approximately 100; 6.05 +/- 1.07 vs. 11.45
      +/- 1.24 (P less than 0.001) at approximately 1,000; and 11.69 +/- 0.69 vs. 14.13
      +/- 0.74 (P less than 0.05) at approximately 10,000 microU/ml. Mean plasma C
      peptide was significantly higher in cirrhotics both basally and during the steady
      states (P less than 0.001); it was completely suppressed at approximately 10,000
      microU/ml in controls and only 57.5% of the baseline in cirrhotics. Endogenous
      glucose production (milligrams per kilogram per minute) was much the same in the
      two groups in the fasting state and almost entirely suppressed in the controls
      (0.10 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.48 +/- 0.11, P less than 0.001) at approximately 100
      microU/ml; at approximately 1,000 microU/ml a residual glucose production, 0.07
      +/- 0.05, was observed in the cirrhotics only. In addition, insulin binding and 3
      ortho-methyl-glucose transport were studied in vitro in six cirrhotics and six
      controls. Insulin binding to circulating monocytes and isolated adipocytes was
      significantly lower (P less than 0.025) in cirrhotics in all insulin
      concentration studies. Glucose transport values on isolated adipocytes were
      significantly lower in cirrhotics both basally (P less than 0.001) and at maximal
      insulin concentration (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that insulin
      resistance in human cirrhosis is more dependent on depressed peripheral glucose
      use than on increased endogenous glucose production, and that a combined receptor
      and postreceptor defect in insulin action on target cells seems to be present.

PMID- 3889057
TI  - Use of a murine monoclonal antibody for detection of circulating plasma DF3
      antigen levels in breast cancer patients.
AB  - The murine monoclonal antibody (MAb), designated DF3, reacts with a 300,000-mol
      wt mammary epithelial antigen. A sequential double-determinant radioimmunoassay
      (RIA) has been developed to monitor circulating DF3 antigen. Using this assay, we
      have demonstrated that 33 of 36 normal women had plasma RIA antigen levels less
      than 150 U/ml. In contrast, 33 of 43 patients (76%) with metastatic breast cancer
      had RIA DF3 antigen levels greater than or equal to 150 U/ml. The difference
      between these two groups was statistically significant (P less than 0.001).
      Similar results have been obtained with a double-determinant enzyme-linked
      immunoassay (EIA). Only 6 of 111 age-matched normal subjects had EIA DF3 antigens
      levels greater than or equal to 30 U/ml, while 42 of 58 patients (72%) with
      breast cancer had levels equal to or above this value. Thus, similar patterns of
      specificity are obtained with the EIA or RIA. The elevation of circulating DF3
      antigen levels in breast cancer patients has been confirmed by transfer blot
      assays. MAb DF3 reactivity occurred predominantly with circulating antigens of
      three different molecular weights ranging from 300,000 to approximately 400,000
      mol wt. We also demonstrate that patients with both primary and metastatic breast
      cancer who were free of detectable disease at the time of sampling have DF3
      antigen levels that are similar to those obtained from normal subjects. While
      patients with hepatoma (27%) and ovarian carcinoma (47%) also had elevated
      circulating DF3 antigen levels, the results suggest that DF3 antigen levels may
      be useful in distinguishing breast cancer patients from those with esophageal,
      gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, and lung carcinomas. Furthermore, the results of
      the RIA, EIA, and transblot analyses demonstrate that the measurement of
      circulating DF3 antigen levels provides a new and potentially useful marker to
      follow the clinical course of patients with metastatic breast cancer.

PMID- 3889058
TI  - Immunization with a Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen induces a
      partial immunity in monkeys.
AB  - Saimiri monkeys immunized with a Plasmodium falciparum merozoite polypeptide of
      41 kD mol wt are resistant to a blood challenge infection that induces a
      fulminant infection in control monkeys. The sera of the immunized monkeys
      reacted, as shown by the indirect immunofluorescence technique, with the apical
      part of the merozoites from five isolates or clones of P. falciparum. Whether the
      immunogen was dissolved in nonionic detergent (NP-40) or in sodium dodecyl
      sulfate (SDS) had a marked influence on the level of protection in immunized
      monkeys. Thus, monkeys immunized with the antigen solubilized in a nonionic
      detergent developed much lower parasitemia than monkeys immunized with denatured
      antigen (antigen eluted from SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis).

PMID- 3889059
TI  - A behavioral analysis of diaphragmatic breathing and its effects on peripheral
      temperature.
AB  - Three young women volunteers were trained through instructional feedback in two
      breathing procedures: diaphragmatic, derived from Eastern meditative techniques,
      and thoracic, involving opposite maneuvers. A single-subject reversal design was
      employed. Physiograph recordings of diaphragmatic expansion and mouth breathing
      provided the basis for feedback. Peripheral (digital) temperature was time
      sampled at 1-min intervals and linear regression lines were fitted to the data.
      Temperature decreased throughout "normal" (baseline) breathing, probably due to
      warm outdoor and cool indoor temperatures. For two subjects, temperature during
      diaphragmatic breathing was generally stable; temperature during thoracic
      breathing showed significant decreases and did not differ from normal breathing.
      Within-session reversals showed dramatic changes in temperature as a function of
      breathing technique, which were maintained at follow-up, for these subjects.
      Temperature was more labile and decreased regardless of breathing procedure for
      the third subject. These data support a relationship between respiratory and
      vasomotor activity, and suggest that breathing strategy may be an uncontrolled
      variable in temperature biofeedback. It is further suggested that diaphragmatic
      breathing may facilitate temperature biofeedback or other types of relaxation
      training.

PMID- 3889060
TI  - Behavioral treatment of children with recurrent headaches.
AB  - The effectiveness of relaxation and biofeedback treatment for adults who suffer
      from headaches is well documented. By contrast, only several case study reports
      have been published describing these procedures applied to childhood headaches.
      This report describes the treatment of 15 children, aged 10-17 years, treated in
      a behavioral medicine clinic by using relaxation, biofeedback and behavioral
      counseling. At the end of treatment, 8 of 15 children were headache-free and 5
      others exhibited a marked reduction in headache frequency and severity.
      Improvements were then maintained at follow-up. These results are comparable to
      results obtained when similar procedures are used to treat chronic adult headache
      sufferers.

PMID- 3889061
TI  - Comprehensive treatment of chronic fire setting in a severely disordered boy.
AB  - A comprehensive, multidimensional treatment strategy was designed for a severely
      behaviorally disordered 10-year-old boy with a 7-year history of setting fires.
      The study replicates a previous study designed to suppress fire setting, teach
      appropriate substitute behavior and increase awareness of the consequences of
      fire setting. Three additional components were added to the original treatment
      program: relaxation training, a response cost for fire setting, and a visit to a
      hospital burn unit (overt sensitization). Follow-up data 1 year later indicate
      that treatment was successful in extinguishing all fire-setting behaviors. The
      additional treatment components presented in this paper may add to the efficacy
      and sustained durability of treatment gains in difficult, low frequency fire
      setting behavior.

PMID- 3889062
TI  - Factors contributing to variability in drug pharmacokinetics. II. Drug
      distribution.
AB  - Many factors determine the distribution of a drug within the body. All factors
      may be altered in physiological and pathological states, and this may result in a
      need to change either the dose of the drug administered or the dosage interval.
      Changes in plasma protein binding may also alter the interpretation of the
      relationship between total plasma drug concentration and drug effect, and in such
      circumstances the free drug concentration may provide a better guide to optimal
      therapy.

PMID- 3889063
TI  - Factors contributing to variability in drug pharmacokinetics. III. Metabolism.

PMID- 3889064
TI  - Drug targeting--current aspects and future prospects.
AB  - A variety of materials have been suggested as carriers for the delivery of drugs
      to specific sites of action. Drugs may be covalently bound to carriers or
      physically trapped within particulate carriers. Likely mechanisms of action of
      targeting agents are described. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments
      are reviewed and the prospective clinical uses of each type of carrier are
      discussed. In particular, monoclonal antibodies are promising agents for the
      targeting of cytotoxic agents to malignant cells. Radiolabelled monoclonal
      antibodies are likely to develop as agents for the radio-imaging of tumours which
      will prove useful in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

PMID- 3889065
TI  - Immunocytochemistry of folliculo-stellate cells of normal and neoplastic human
      pituitary gland.
AB  - Five normal human pituitaries and 20 pituitary neoplasms were investigated by
      immunocytochemical methods. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100 have been
      shown in the anterior lobe of the pituitary. Both these markers were present in
      the folliculo-stellate cell. Evidence is presented for the presence of a
      transitional folliculo-stellate cell which is immunoreactive for S100. The role
      of the folliculo-stellate cell is discussed.

PMID- 3889066
TI  - Quantitative morphometry of squamous cell hyperplasia of the larynx.
AB  - The histopathological diagnosis of squamous cell hyperplasia of the larynx is
      very subjective. Since morphometry is highly reproducible, this method was
      applied to routine processed slides of 45 such lesions to assess objectively the
      epithelial characteristics. In each case measurements of nuclei of 50 cells in
      the basal, intermediate, and superficial cell layers were carried out. The data
      were analysed statistically. The findings suggest that quantitative morphometry
      may be helpful for the histopathological classification of squamous cell
      hyperplasia of the laryngeal mucosa.

PMID- 3889067
TI  - Morphometric analysis of nuclei in epithelial structures from normal and
      neoplastic endometrium: a study using the Isaacs cell sampler and Endoscann
      instruments.
AB  - Morphometric analysis of nuclear area and shape in epithelial cells from
      cytological specimens from 35 patients with normal endometrium and from 20
      patients with moderately or well differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma was
      performed. The mean nuclear area in malignant cells was significantly higher than
      in normal epithelial cells. The range of the mean values from the normal cases,
      however, included 70% of the malignant values. Furthermore, individual cell
      groups in a normal cell population often gave values well within the malignant
      range. The greatest distinction between normal and malignant cases was obtained
      using a cut off mean value of 45 micron 2. With this as the sole criterion 17% of
      reports would have been false positives and 25% false negatives.

PMID- 3889068
TI  - Localisation of Ca and HMFG2 antigens in breast tissue by immunoperoxidase,
      immunofluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopy.
AB  - The reactivities of Ca1 and HMFG2 monoclonal antibodies were compared on paraffin
      wax embedded breast tissues using indirect immunoperoxidase. The expression of Ca
      antigen, like HMFG2, is not exclusive to malignancy: Ca was present in 41/53
      (77%) and HMFG2 in 42/53 (79.2%) non-malignant conditions and both were present
      in 33/35 (94%) carcinomas. Similar results were obtained when cryostat sections
      were used. Both antigens showed striking similarities in their topographical
      distributions, although quantitative differences were seen. Their cellular and
      sub-cellular localisations were investigated by double labelling
      immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopy, which showed that the
      expression of Ca and HMFG2 antigens was closely associated on cell membranes but
      that the epitopes were distinct.

PMID- 3889069
TI  - Earlier detection of bacteraemia using conventional microbiological techniques.

PMID- 3889070
TI  - Paeeriodontics. The past. Microbiology. Part (III).

PMID- 3889071
TI  - Improved periodontal conditions following therapy.
AB  - The aim of the present clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of different
      modes of periodontal therapy on patients with moderately advanced periodontal
      disease and to express the findings in terms of probing pocket depth and
      attachment level alterations at periodontal sites with different initial probing
      depths. The material consisted of 16 patients, 35-65 years of age. Following a
      Baseline examination including assessments of oral hygiene status, gingival
      conditions, probing pocket depths and probing attachment levels, the patients
      were subjected to periodontal treatment. A "split-mouth" design approach of
      therapy was used and the jaw quadrants were randomly selected for the following
      different treatment procedures: (1) scaling and root planning, (2) scaling and
      root planing in conjunction with a gingivectomy procedure, (3) scaling and root
      planing in conjunction with an apically repositioned flap procedure without bone
      recontouring, (4) scaling and root planing in conjunction with an apically
      repositioned flap procedure including bone recontouring, (5) scaling and root
      planing in conjunction with a modified Widman flap procedure without bone
      recontouring and (6) scaling and root planing in conjunction with a modified
      Widman flap procedure including bone recontouring. The patients were following
      active treatment enrolled in a supervised maintenance care program including
      "professional tooth cleaning" once every 2 weeks during a 6-month period of
      healing, after which a final examination was performed. The investigation
      demonstrated that active therapy including meticulous subgingival debridement
      resulted in a low frequency of gingival sites which bled on probing, a high
      frequency of sites with shallow pockets (less than 4 mm) and the disappearance of
      pockets with a probing depth of greater than 6 mm. Between the Baseline
      examination and the 6-month re-examination, the probing attachment level for
      initially shallow pockets remained basically unaltered, but with a tendency of a
      minor apical shift. This occurred in all 6 treatment groups. For sites with
      initial probing depths of 4-6 mm and greater than 6 mm, there was in all groups
      some gain of probing attachment. This gain was most pronounced in the initially
      deeper (greater than 6 mm) pockets. With the use of regression analysis, the
      "critical probing depth" (CPD) value (i.e. the initial probing depth value below
      which loss of attachment occurred as a result of treatment and above which gain
      of probing attachment level resulted) was calculated for each of the 6 methods of
      treatment used. A comparison of the CPD-values between the 6 treatment groups did
      not reveal any major differences.

PMID- 3889072
TI  - Healing following reimplantation of teeth subjected to root planing and citric
      acid treatment.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of citric acid treatment
      on periodontal healing around teeth which were extracted, root planed and then
      reimplanted. Maxillary incisors and mandibular incisors, premolars and molars of
      5 monkeys were used. The teeth were divided into 3 experimental groups. In 1
      group, the teeth were extracted and immediately reimplanted into their own
      sockets. In a 2nd group, the teeth were extracted, root planed to a level
      corresponding to 50-75% of the root length and then reimplanted. In the 3rd
      group, periodontal breakdown extending to 50-75% of the root length was first
      induced by placing orthodontic elastic ligatures around the teeth. They were then
      extracted and root planed and transplanted into the sockets of the contralateral,
      periodontally healthy teeth which had just been extracted. Half the number of the
      teeth of groups 2 and 3 were treated with citric acid before reimplantation or
      transplantation. The animals were sacrificed after 6 months of healing. The jaws
      were removed and histological specimens prepared for microscopic examination.
      With the exception of a limited coronal regrowth of new cementum in the apical
      part of the planed portion of a few roots, connective tissue attachment failed to
      reform on most root surfaces deprived of their periodontal ligament tissue.
      Healing was most frequently characterized by root resorption and ankylosis. These
      were the most predominant features of healing both on root surfaces which had
      been deprived of the ligament tissue by mechanical means or during a course of
      experimentally-induced periodontal disease, and occurred in citric acid as well
      as non-citric acid treated roots. The findings imply that the result of healing
      following tooth reimplantation or transplantation is determined by the type of
      cells that repopulate the wound area adjacent to the denuded root surface.

PMID- 3889073
TI  - Significance of probing force for evaluation of healing following periodontal
      therapy.
AB  - The present report compares pre- and postoperative probing pocket depths and
      probing attachment levels in deep pockets treated non-surgically as well as
      surgically using probing forces at 0.25 N, 0.50 N and 0.75 N. The results
      demonstrated that the recorded mean pre- and postoperative probing depths were
      deeper with increasing probing force. In deep preoperative pockets, the
      difference amounted to as much as 2.0 mm comparing measurements at 0.25 N and
      0.75 N. The use of 0.25 N for evaluation of therapy showed less mean pocket
      reduction and probing attachment gain than the use of 0.50 N or 0.75 N. Selection
      of a higher probing force before therapy (i.e. 0.75 N) and a lower force after
      therapy (i.e. 0.25 N) resulted in increased values for pocket reduction and
      probing attachment gain compared to use of the same probing force for both pre-
      and postoperative recordings. The findings emphasize the significance of using a
      known and standardized probing force for evaluation of results following
      periodontal therapy.

PMID- 3889074
TI  - Effect of implants on healing of experimental furcation defects in dogs.
AB  - The present study was performed to find out whether implants placed around
      periodontally involved teeth during reconstructive surgery would support replaced
      flaps and prolong gingival coverage of the treated root surfaces facilitating new
      attachment. Through-and-through furcation defects were made in the mandibular
      second, third, and fourth premolars of 10 beagle dogs. Bone was surgically
      removed from the furcation and from the circumference of each tooth to a level 3
      to 4 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction. Steel wires were passed through the
      furcations and ligated to enhance plaque formation. At 6 weeks, the wires were
      removed. At 12 weeks, during reconstructive surgery, 4 dogs received implants of
      autogenous intraoral cancellous bone, 2 of autogenous iliac cancellous bone and
      marrow, 2 of Proplast, and 2 of Avitene. The results demonstrated that none of 12
      teeth implanted with Avitene or Proplast showed new attachment. Only 2 of 6 teeth
      implanted with autogenous iliac bone showed new attachment, combined with
      extensive root resorption and ankylosis. Of 12 teeth implanted with autogenous
      intraoral bone, 6 showed new attachment. Our findings suggest that flap support
      by intraoral cancellous bone implants may facilitate new attachment. A more
      predictable technique, however, needs to be developed.

PMID- 3889075
TI  - The effect of Keyes' method of oral hygiene on the subgingival microflora
      compared to the effect of scaling and/or surgery.
AB  - The present study was conducted on 18 individuals to determine if Keyes' method
      of oral hygiene would present an alternative to traditional periodontal therapy
      in terms of establishing a subgingival microflora compatible with periodontal
      health. Oral hygiene, gingival conditions and subgingival microbial proportions
      assessed by dark field microscopy were measured at baseline, then once every 2
      weeks for the remainder of this 8-week study. In addition, probing depths and
      bleeding on probing were evaluated. Group I (9 patients) was treated non
      surgically, while Group II (9 patients) had received surgical therapy within the
      last 4 years. Both groups received routine scaling and root planing (Sc/RP) on
      one arch at time 0, and both were instructed to use Keyes' method of oral hygiene
      on one side of the mouth while the other side served as a control. This yielded a
      split-plot experimental design which permitted examination of the effects of
      Keyes' method of oral hygiene, Sc/RP and surgery. The results revealed no
      statistically significant differences between Keyes' method of oral hygiene and
      conventional oral hygiene in patients treated with a single session of Sc/RP.
      When scaling was not employed, Keyes' method was more effective than conventional
      oral hygiene. Surgical status was found to be the most significant factor in
      reducing clinical indicator values and establishing control of the subgingival
      microflora. In summary, oral hygiene alone had only minimal effects on
      subgingival microbial proportions. The primary antimicrobial effect observed, as
      evidenced by shifts in subgingival morphotype proportions, was produced by the
      Sc/RP procedure. This effect was enhanced by improved access (surgical status).

PMID- 3889076
TI  - Diltiazem, verapamil, and quinidine in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation.
AB  - The comparative effects of diltiazem and verapamil in 30 patients with long
      standing atrial fibrillation were evaluated in a prospective clinical trial.
      After a one- to two-day washout period during which drugs other than digoxin were
      withdrawn, patients were randomly assigned to diltiazem or verapamil treatment
      groups. All therapy was double blind. Both drugs were given in ascending doses as
      follows: days 1-6 (part I): diltiazem, 180 mg/d, or verapamil, 240 mg/d; days 7
      12 (part II): diltiazem, 360 mg/d, or verapamil, 480 mg/d. Patients failing to
      convert to sinus rhythm after 12 days had dosage reduced to 180 mg/d of diltiazem
      or 240 mg/d of verapamil, and quinidine, 750 mg/d, was coadministered for another
      six days (part III). Medication compliance was verified by frequent measurement
      of serum drug concentrations. Three verapamil patients dropped out during part I
      due to adverse reactions (dyspnea, pulmonary congestion, skin rash, or
      hepatotoxicity). The higher dosage of either verapamil or diltiazem in part II
      was not well tolerated, and in eight patients part III had to be initiated early
      due to symptomatic bradycardia. Only one patient in the diltiazem group converted
      to sinus rhythm, whereas five converted with verapamil (two with verapamil alone,
      three when combined with quinidine). Thus, diltiazem and verapamil alone are
      unlikely to convert atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. The combination of
      verapamil and quinidine, however, is a potentially useful pharmacologic approach,
      having converted atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm in nearly 50% of patients.

PMID- 3889077
TI  - Effect of atenolol on serum beta 2-microglobulin level in hypertensive diabetic
      patients.
AB  - The effects of atenolol (50 mg once daily) on serum beta 2-microglobulin levels
      in 11 hypertensive diabetic patients uncomplicated by renal dysfunction were
      studied. Atenolol significantly decreased serum beta 2-microglobulin levels
      (micrograms/mL) at four weeks (1.5 +/- 0.13) and at eight weeks (1.4 +/- 0.09)
      from pretreatment level (1.8 +/- 0.17) (P less than 0.05, respectively), along
      with statistically significant antihypertensive effects. Blood urea nitrogen,
      serum creatinine, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1C levels, and body weight remained
      unchanged. The results suggest that atenolol provides a favorable effect on renal
      function in hypertensive diabetic patients uncomplicated by renal dysfunction.

PMID- 3889078
TI  - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in the treatment of atypical depression.
AB  - In a 6-week, double-blind study outpatients diagnosed as suffering from atypical
      depression were treated with either isocarboxazid or placebo. Selection criteria
      were purposely broad so as to capture the entire range of patients so diagnosed.
      Patients were then subclassified along several symptomatic, syndromal,
      phenomenological, and diagnostic categories in order to identify clinical
      characteristics specifically responsive to isocarboxazid. Although isocarboxazid
      was clearly superior to placebo for the overall group of atypical depressives,
      the authors were by and large unable to identify subgroups specifically
      responsive to the monoamine oxidase inhibitor. A few factors correlated with
      better response to both isocarboxazid and placebo: no family history of
      alcoholism or sociopathy, lack of self-pity, and not meeting Research Diagnostic
      Criteria for major depressive disorder. The single item that was associated with
      a statistically significant advantage of isocarboxazid over placebo was loss of
      anticipatory pleasure. Clinical implications and suggestions for further research
      are discussed.

PMID- 3889079
TI  - Pustulosis palmaris et plantaris: its association with chronic recurrent
      multifocal osteomyelitis.
AB  - Palmoplantar pustules may rarely be associated with chronic recurrent multifocal
      osteomyelitis in children and young adults. Additional features of this disorder
      are recurrent low-grade fevers and bone pain. Skeletal radiographs and bone films
      suggest osteomyelitis, but bone cultures yield no growth of organisms. The cause
      of this disorder is unknown, and treatment remains unsatisfactory.

PMID- 3889080
TI  - Metastatic follicular carcinoma of the thyroid to the skin: a case confirmed by
      immunohistochemistry.
AB  - A 78-year-old woman with a history of follicular carcinoma of the thyroid
      developed a painless nodule on her face. A skin biopsy showed a dermal tumor
      composed of cells with granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunoperoxidase
      staining demonstrated thyroglobulin in the tumor cells, confirming the diagnosis
      of metastatic thyroid carcinoma.

PMID- 3889081
TI  - Cutaneous busulfan effect in patients receiving bone-marrow transplantation.
AB  - Epidermal keratinocytes with abnormally large nuclei were found in 12 of 13
      patients who received high-dose busulfan and cyclophosphamide prior to receiving
      bone-marrow transplantation for treatment of hematological malignancies. These
      cells were similar to those previously described in the lungs, cervix and bladder
      of patients on long-term busulfan therapy. Marked keratinocyte nuclear
      abnormalities were not observed in bone-marrow transplant recipients who received
      a preparatory regimen of cyclophosphamide and total-body irradiation. This
      histologic cutaneous busulfan effect was transient and was unrelated to the
      development of graft-versus-host reaction.

PMID- 3889082
TI  - Mammary blood flow and regulation of substrate supply for milk synthesis.
AB  - In ruminants, mammary supply of substrate varies with rate of mammary blood flow
      and concentrations of blood substrates. Blood concentrations of most mammary
      substrates, except acetate and tryptophan, do not vary greatly with feed intake,
      short term. Fasting reduces mammary blood flow, whereas milking and injection of
      growth hormone or thyroxine increase flow. It is proposed that the fraction of
      cardiac output that perfuses the udder of lactating ruminants plays a role in
      regulation of nutrient partitioning between milk and body tissues. In fed animals
      this fraction is 15 to 16% of cardiac output, which declines on fasting to 8 to
      9% and increases slightly following growth hormone treatment to 17.6%. Following
      realimentation of fasted cows or goats, mammary blood flow takes several hours to
      return to normal. Investigation of the mechanism of this response, in terms of
      the ability of the animal to recognize its nutritional status and partition
      nutrients accordingly, should prove fruitful to understanding causes of
      variations of milk production in response to feed quantity and quality. Several
      substrates show increased mammary arteriovenous difference with increasing blood
      concentrations. This may reflect differing ratios of blood flow:milk yield. The
      steep gradient of concentration of substrates across the mammary epithelial cell
      membrane suggests that a major impediment to substrate supply for milk synthesis
      is the rate of substrate transport across the membrane.

PMID- 3889083
TI  - Rapid identification of periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque: comparison
      of indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with bacterial culture for detection of
      Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.
AB  - The sensitivity of indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using specific
      polyclonal or monoclonal serodiagnostic reagents for Actinobacillus
      actinomycetemcomitans in subgingival dental plaque ranged from 82-100% as
      compared with culture on selective or non-selective media. This bacterium was
      found in 100% of the periodontally diseased sites examined in localized juvenile
      periodontitis patients and was statistically related to clinical indices of
      periodontal disease including the Gingival Index, Plaque Index, and Pocket Depth.
      Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy is a useful technique for the rapid and
      reliable determination of A. actinomycetemcomitans in human subgingival dental
      plaque which may be applied to the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring
      of periodontitis associated with A. actinomycetemcomitans.

PMID- 3889084
TI  - A comparison of the antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of parachlorophenol.
AB  - The antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of parachlorophenol (as 35% camphorated
      PCP and 2% aqueous PCP) were compared directly, using the agar overlay technique.
      Human pulp fibroblasts and L929 cells were grown to confluence in 60-mm petri
      dishes. Bacterial suspensions (S. aureus, E. coli) in agar were poured as a thin
      layer in 60-mm petri dishes. All were overlaid with agar. Cells were exposed to
      medicament via filter paper discs placed on the agar surface. After 24 hours, the
      zone of cell lysis (fibroblasts) or inhibition of bacterial growth was measured
      as diameter in mm. A dose-response relationship was observed for both fibroblasts
      and bacteria. The zone of inhibition for fibroblasts was larger than that for
      bacteria, indicating that the cytotoxicity of parachlorophenol exceeds its
      antibacterial activity.

PMID- 3889085
TI  - Inhibition of root surface caries in rice rats: use of a sodium fluoride
      dentifrice.
AB  - A sodium fluoride-containing dentifrice (Gleem) was evaluated for its efficacy to
      inhibit root surface caries in the rice rat. The dentifrice was diluted 50/50
      with water so that the slurry contained 500 ppm fluoride. This slurry, a solution
      of 5000 ppm fluoride, and demineralized water were applied to the molar teeth
      twice daily for 10 weeks. Another group of rats was given 50 ppm fluoride in the
      drinking water. There was significantly less root surface caries in all groups of
      rats which received fluoride than in the demineralized water control animals.
      However, none of the fluoride preparations inhibited the loss of alveolar bone.

PMID- 3889086
TI  - Effect of surgical gloves on preclinical scaling skills.

PMID- 3889087
TI  - The far-near/near-far suture.

PMID- 3889088
TI  - Changing concepts in the evaluation and treatment of acute severe pancreatitis.

PMID- 3889090
TI  - The importance of the circuit capacity in the administration of CPAP.

PMID- 3889089
TI  - Alternative modes of ventilation. Part II. High and low frequency positive
      pressure ventilation PEEP, CPAP inversed ratio ventilation.

PMID- 3889091
TI  - The presidents. Leroy M. S. Miner 1936-1937.

PMID- 3889092
TI  - Oral fluid contamination of etched enamel surfaces: an SEM study.
AB  - The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effects of differing
      salivary contamination periods on the surface topography of etched enamel
      surfaces using SEM techniques. The results indicated that salivary contamination
      of etched enamel for 1 second or longer resulted in the formation of surface
      coatings that could not be removed by a water wash. It was concluded that should
      salivary contamination of an etched enamel surface occur, it would be necessary
      to repeat the etching procedure to ensure adequate bonding of a resin material.

PMID- 3889093
TI  - Traumatic fracture--one-visit endodontic treatment and dentinal bonding
      reattachment of coronal fragment: report of case.

PMID- 3889094
TI  - Effects of suctioning devices on oral fluoride retention.
AB  - This study examined the effectiveness of suctioning devices in reducing oral
      fluoride retention after professional 4-minute applications of a 1.23% fluoride
      gel. The value of patient expectoration was also evaluated in the child subjects.
      The suction devices were statistically significant adjuncts in reducing oral
      retained fluoride in all cases; however, the oral-retained fluoride doses after
      the suctioning procedures were still distinct in both adults (10.3 +/- 2.3 mg)
      and children (7.7 +/- 1.0 mg). These amounts of oral-retained fluoride would
      result in substantial elevations in body fluid fluoride concentrations. One
      minute of expectoration after the suctioning procedures in children was a
      statistically significant method of further reducing oral fluoride retention to a
      clinically acceptable level (1.6 +/- 0.5 mg). We recommend that suction devices
      be used during topical fluoride treatments, but most importantly that the
      patients be requested to expectorate thoroughly after topical treatment.

PMID- 3889095
TI  - Dental treatment during pregnancy: a preventive approach.
AB  - Applying the basics of preventive dentistry at the primary level will broaden the
      scope of prenatal care. Dentists should encourage all patients of childbearing
      age to seek oral health counseling and examination as soon as they learn they are
      pregnant. Specific printed information on pre- and postnatal fluoride, plaque
      control, nutrition, and tooth development should be available for pregnant
      patients. Recall systems should allow for pregnant patients. Emergency problems
      should not be deferred for treatment in the second trimester but should be
      alleviated immediately. Indicated medications should not be withheld because of
      pregnancy but patients must be informed of benefits and risks. Consultation with
      the patient's physician is always appropriate.

PMID- 3889096
TI  - The presidents. C. Willard Camalier 1937-1938.

PMID- 3889097
TI  - Criteria for intraventricular conduction disturbances and pre-excitation. World
      Health Organizational/International Society and Federation for Cardiology Task
      Force Ad Hoc.
AB  - In an effort to standardize terminology and criteria for clinical
      electrocardiography, and as a follow-up of its work on definitions of terms
      related to cardiac rhythm, an Ad Hoc Working Group established by the World
      Health Organization and the International Society and Federation of Cardiology
      reviewed criteria for the diagnosis of conduction disturbances and pre
      excitation. Recommendations resulting from these discussions are summarized for
      the diagnosis of complete and incomplete right and left bundle branch block, left
      anterior and left posterior fascicular block, nonspecific intraventricular block,
      Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and related pre-excitation patterns. Criteria for
      intraatrial conduction disturbances are also briefly reviewed. The criteria are
      described in clinical terms. A concise description of the criteria using formal
      Boolean logic is given in the Appendix. For the incorporation into computer
      electrocardiographic analysis programs, the limits of some interval measurements
      may need to be adjusted.

PMID- 3889098
TI  - Videodensitometric ejection fraction from intravenous digital subtraction right
      ventriculograms: correlation with first pass radionuclide ejection fraction.
AB  - Thirty-one consecutive patients undergoing intravenous blurred mask digital
      subtraction right ventriculography were submitted to first pass radionuclide
      angiography. Second order mask resubtraction of end-diastolic and end-systolic
      right ventricular digital image frames was executed using preinjection end
      diastolic and end-systolic frames to rid the digital subtraction images of mis
      registration artifact. End-diastolic and end-systolic perimeters were drawn
      manually by two independent observers with a light pen. Ejection fractions
      calculated from the integrated videodensitometric counts within these perimeters
      correlated well with those derived from the first pass radionuclide right
      ventriculogram (r = 0.84) and the interobserver correlation was acceptable (r =
      0.91). Interobserver differences occurred more frequently in patients with atrial
      fibrillation and in those whose tricuspid valve planes were difficult to discern
      on the digital subtraction right ventriculograms. These results suggest that
      videodensitometric analysis of digital subtraction right ventriculograms is an
      accurate method of determining right ventricular ejection fraction and may find
      wide clinical applicability.

PMID- 3889099
TI  - Electrophysiologic effects and clinical efficacy of oral propafenone therapy in
      patients with ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - The effects of the antiarrhythmic agent propafenone were evaluated in 25 patients
      with recurrent symptomatic ventricular tachycardia. Oral propafenone was given to
      a maximal dose of 300 mg every 8 hours. Ten of the 25 patients developed side
      effects or had inadequate suppression of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias
      during propafenone therapy. Electrophysiologic studies were performed before and
      during drug therapy on the 15 patients who had a satisfactory clinical response.
      Propafenone increased the PR interval from 168 +/- 46 to 188 +/- 25 ms (p less
      than 0.007), the HV interval from 47 +/- 10 to 65 +/- 13 ms (p less than 0.005),
      the shortest atrial pacing cycle length to maintain 1:1 atrioventricular (AV)
      nodal conduction from 385 +/- 44 to 436 +/- 42 ms (p less than 0.005), the
      ventricular effective refractory period from 231 +/- 17 to 255 +/- 19 ms (p less
      than 0.001) and the ventricular functional refractory period from 260 +/- 15 to
      278 +/- 17 ms (p less than 0.002). Before propafenone therapy, all 15 patients
      had ventricular tachycardia induced by programmed ventricular stimulation. During
      propafenone treatment, 12 patients still had ventricular tachycardia induced, and
      the tachycardia cycle length significantly increased from 236 +/- 44 to 374 +/-
      103 ms (p less than 0.001). Ten patients were considered to have satisfactory
      electrophysiologic response to propafenone on the basis of either the inability
      to initiate ventricular tachycardia or a marked increase in ventricular
      tachycardia cycle length associated with lack of symptoms during the induced
      tachycardia. These patients were discharged receiving propafenone.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3889100
TI  - Long-term treatment with metoprolol after myocardial infarction: effect on 3 year
      mortality and morbidity.
AB  - The effects of metoprolol treatment in patients surviving acute myocardial
      infarction have been investigated in a double-blind randomized study. The
      patients were stratified according to age, infarct size and type of ventricular
      arrhythmias before administration of metoprolol, 100 mg twice daily (n = 154), or
      placebo (n = 147). All patients were followed up for 36 months. There were 31 (29
      cardiac) and 25 (20 cardiac) deaths in the placebo and metoprolol groups,
      respectively. Subgroup analyses showed a significant reduction of cardiac death
      in patients with a large infarct (32.1% with placebo versus 12.5% with
      metoprolol, p less than 0.05) as a result of active treatment. Sudden death rates
      were 14.7% in the placebo versus 5.8% in the metoprolol group (p less than 0.05).
      The incidence of nonfatal reinfarction was 21.1% in the placebo versus 11.7% in
      the metoprolol group (p less than 0.05). The reduction in nonfatal reinfarction
      was similar in all pretreatment risk strata. The difference between the two
      groups in cumulative number of cardiac deaths and patients experiencing nonfatal
      reinfarction increased throughout the study. Furthermore, cerebrovascular events
      (p less than 0.05) and coronary bypass surgery (p = 0.058) were more frequent in
      the placebo group. In conclusion, after 36 months of metoprolol treatment after
      myocardial infarction, there was a significant reduction of nonfatal reinfarction
      and sudden death in all patients and a reduction of cardiac death in those with a
      large infarct.

PMID- 3889101
TI  - Sinus node electrogram in patients with the hypersensitive carotid sinus
      syndrome.
AB  - Sinus node electrograms were obtained in two patients with unexplained syncope
      and the cardioinhibitory form of the hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome.
      Direct recordings of sinus node potentials were obtained using a transvenous
      electrode catheter. Sinus node function was normal in both patients during
      standard electrophysiologic evaluation. Carotid sinus massage was performed in
      both patients and the sinus node electrogram was continuously recorded. After the
      onset of carotid sinus massage, prolongation of sinoatrial time, slowing of sinus
      rate of depolarization, sinoatrial exit block and finally sinus node arrest were
      recorded. After termination of carotid sinus massage, sinus node potentials did
      not precede the first atrial impulse; subsequent beats showed markedly prolonged
      sinoatrial times as well as changes in the P wave on the surface
      electrocardiogram. Sinus rate and sinoatrial time returned to control values
      gradually, as did the P wave configuration. Intravenous atropine (1.0 mg)
      abolished the abnormal response to carotid sinus massage. It is concluded that
      the application of carotid sinus massage in patients with the hypersensitive
      carotid sinus syndrome produces profound changes in sinoatrial conduction
      including sinoatrial exit block, as well as shifts in primary pacemaker site and
      sinus node arrest. These alterations in conduction and automaticity are
      reversible with atropine and may be secondary to denervation sensitivity to
      acetylcholine.

PMID- 3889102
TI  - The stabilizing and unstabilizing influences of neurogenic and vascular
      activities of the heart as related to sudden cardiac death.
AB  - Despite the frequency with which sudden cardiac death occurs in affluent
      societies, little is known about the precise mechanisms by which it is caused.
      Practically nothing is known about why sudden cardiac death occurs in one but not
      another person. It is difficult to escape the conclusion that in many instances,
      the final events occur almost by chance. Therefore, it would appear that every
      effort should be made by the physician to assist in preventing the changes, that
      is, cardiomegaly and myocardial ischemia, that appear to be potential markers of
      sudden cardiac death in many persons. Attention should be directed toward
      identifying and facilitating stabilizing neurogenic and vascular activities and
      identifying, controlling and reversing unstabilizing influences likely to foster
      sudden cardiac death. In the absence of a more complete knowledge of precise
      mechanisms, the efforts of the physician should be directed toward behavior
      modifications that appear to reduce the clinical manifestations of coronary heart
      disease which contribute to the development of cardiomegaly and myocardial
      ischemia.

PMID- 3889103
TI  - Are some crib deaths sudden cardiac deaths?
AB  - Research performed during the past two decades suggests that crib deaths are
      biphasic phenomena: the infant victims are preconditioned in subtle ways before
      birth so that some of their most critical physiologic functions are subtly
      deficient. Then, at 2 to 4 months of age, when confronted by some challenge, such
      as a head cold, they are unable to overcome or adapt to the stress and die,
      seemingly without cause. It is likely that these deaths represent a heterogeneous
      group of pathogenetic phenomena rather than a single entity. Spontaneous
      idiopathic pathologic apnea, for example, may be responsible for 5 to 7% of crib
      deaths. Infant botulism may account for another 5%. A recent report on a
      prospective study of more than 5,000 babies showed that all 3 infants who
      ultimately succumbed to crib death had had abnormally prolonged corrected QT
      intervals on day 4 of life; the report contends that that irregularity leads to
      ventricular fibrillation, which is then the immediate cause of death. Although
      this work has not been confirmed and some take issue with the method, it now
      seems the most valid available body of data on the subject and suggests that some
      crib deaths, probably less than 10%, may be sudden cardiac deaths.

PMID- 3889104
TI  - Supraventricular arrhythmias in children.
AB  - Sudden death may occur in children with supraventricular arrhythmias. Sick sinus
      syndrome, particularly if associated with tachycardia, may result in sudden death
      in children who have had open heart surgery and rarely in children with a normal
      heart. Children with supraventricular tachycardia rarely die. Only those with
      junctional automatic tachycardia or Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome have died.
      Patients with a short anterograde refractory period may be at risk of sudden
      death. Surgical division of the accessory connection can prevent sudden death.
      Digitalis may accelerate atrioventricular (AV) conduction in patients with Wolff
      Parkinson-White syndrome and, thus, should be used only after testing in the
      electrophysiology laboratory. Sudden death due to complete AV block should be
      preventable using pacemakers. Neonates with a ventricular rate less than 55
      beats/min or children with a rate less than 45 beats/min should receive pacemaker
      therapy because of the statistical probability of death or syncope. Ventricular
      ectopic beats, particularly if frequent or multiform, may be an indication for
      pacemaker insertion. Patients with surgical complete AV block that persists for
      more than 7 to 10 days should receive physiologic pacemakers for the prevention
      of sudden death and hemodynamic benefit.

PMID- 3889105
TI  - Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring: can we predict sudden death?
AB  - Cardiac arrhythmias can be accurately detected and quantified using ambulatory
      electrocardiographic monitoring. From a review of major studies, it appears that
      the presence of advanced ventricular arrhythmias identifies a subset of patients
      with coronary heart disease who are at a relatively higher risk for sudden death
      than are those patients without such arrhythmias. Left ventricular dysfunction is
      an independent and additive risk factor for subsequent development of sudden
      cardiac death. The presence of high grade ventricular arrhythmias appears to
      increase the risk for sudden death in patients with hypertrophic and dilated
      cardiomyopathy. Ambulatory monitoring can be used to identify a subset of
      patients with coronary disease or cardiomyopathy who are at increased risk for
      sudden cardiac death. Because of the relatively low overall incidence of sudden
      cardiac death in such patients, and the low sensitivity and specificity for
      accurately classifying patients, the practical applicability of this technique to
      large population subgroups is limited.

PMID- 3889106
TI  - Sudden death: lessons from subsets in population studies.
AB  - Sudden coronary death is an important feature of clinical coronary disease, the
      incidence doubling with each decade of age after age 45 and with women lagging
      behind men in incidence by 20 years. Fifty percent of the sudden deaths in men
      and 64% in women occur in persons without prior coronary heart disease, and 18%
      of coronary attacks in men and 24% in women present as sudden death. More than
      half of coronary mortality is in the form of sudden death. Persons with overt
      established coronary heart disease are at 3-fold to 12-fold increased risk
      depending on age, the risk ratio diminishing with advancing age. When overt
      coronary disease is established, the major coronary risk factors have little
      discernible effect on the risk of sudden death. Risk appears related chiefly to
      the degree of myocardial damage as indicated by electrocardiographic abnormality
      and evidence of cardiac failure. In subjects free of overt coronary heart
      disease, the risk of sudden death varies widely in relation to risk factors,
      including systolic pressure, serum cholesterol, vital capacity, cigarette
      smoking, relative weight, heart rate and electrocardiographic abnormality.
      Multivariate combination of these risk factors allows an efficient prediction of
      sudden death in both sexes. The key to the prevention of sudden death in the
      general population is to prevent coronary attacks by avoidance or correction of
      the aforementioned risk factors. No risk factors thus far identified are clearly
      specific for sudden death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3889107
TI  - Lack of impact of prevention on sudden cardiac death.
AB  - There are many different and relatively discrete mechanisms leading to
      ventricular fibrillation. Therefore, any single approach to prevention is likely
      to be unsuccessful, particularly because the circumstances that finally cause
      sudden cardiac death may not be present for more than a short time before the
      onset of ventricular fibrillation. It should not be surprising, therefore, that
      neither primary nor secondary prevention trials directed at correcting risk
      factors for coronary heart disease have been associated with a reduction in the
      incidence of sudden cardiac death. More trials are needed in patients with
      unstable angina, in whom there is a relatively high incidence of sudden cardiac
      death within a short period. Methods of modulating catecholamine response,
      myocardial vulnerability and thrombotic mechanisms require more formal testing.
      However, because the sensitivity and specificity of prediction of those likely to
      die suddenly are so poor, it may become necessary to accept that the majority of
      sudden cardiac deaths is not yet preventable and focus on continuing to improve
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation services.

PMID- 3889108
TI  - Relation and independence of angina pectoris and sudden death in persons with
      coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.
AB  - Angina is an important though relatively insensitive and nonspecific predictor of
      the presence of significant coronary occlusive disease. If angina is present,
      there is a high probability of significant coronary atherosclerosis. However, the
      lack of angina, even with vigorous exertion, does not imply absence of severe and
      potentially lethal amounts of coronary stenosis because a high percent of
      patients who have had sudden cardiac arrest or myocardial infarction have not had
      prior angina pectoris. In many studies that carefully and specifically examined
      the prognostic importance of angina in relation to other variables, neither the
      presence of angina nor its severity was of prognostic significance, although a
      few studies suggested that the unstable form of angina may have unfavorable
      prognostic significance independent of the state of left ventricular function or
      the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Thus, it would not appear to be wise to
      base individual or national decisions aimed at reducing the likelihood of death
      from coronary disease primarily on the presence or absence of angina pectoris.

PMID- 3889109
TI  - Role of platelets and thrombosis in coronary atherosclerotic disease and sudden
      death.
AB  - During the last decade, significant advances have been made in the understanding
      of the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerotic disease. Two facts are important:
      1) the early and some of the advanced coronary atherosclerotic lesions progress
      very slowly, probably by means of a complex stepwise biologic process with one of
      the steps being an interaction between platelets and the arterial wall; the
      process can be favored by the so-called risk factors of atherosclerotic disease,
      and 2) some of the advanced coronary atherosclerotic lesions progress very
      rapidly, probably by means of complicating anatomic events, one of which is
      related to a thrombogenic process. From a clinical point of view, technologic
      improvements, such as serial coronary arteriography, reperfusion during the acute
      coronary artery syndromes, postmortem coronary arteriography, and methods for
      serial histopathologic and histochemical studies, have brought to light the
      clinical importance of the processes of plaque rupture, dissecting hemorrhage
      and, most important, thrombosis. These complicated processes appear to be of
      paramount importance in the pathogenesis of some of the acute coronary syndromes
      including unstable angina, myocardial infarction and sudden coronary death.
      Antithrombotic and platelet inhibitor therapy is under investigation and appears
      promising in some of these patient subsets.

PMID- 3889111
TI  - Electromechanical dissociation and its possible role in sudden cardiac death.
AB  - Electromechanical dissociation is a rare but important cause of death in some
      patients with cardiac ischemia. It is a well characterized syndrome involving
      loss of contractile function of the heart without arrhythmia. Several other
      clinical syndromes, including massive pulmonary embolism and cardiac rupture, can
      mimic electromechanical dissociation, so its incidence is difficult to estimate.
      Experimental studies of early ischemic contractile failure show preservation of
      adenosine triphosphate levels, and of the calcium ion release mechanism.
      Intracellular acidosis is temporarily correlated, but direct causality cannot be
      assigned to the acidosis because of the lack of necessary direct studies. The
      role of the autonomic nervous system in triggering the sequence of events leading
      to electromechanical dissociation is unclear and is a promising area for further
      study.

PMID- 3889110
TI  - Patients with malignant or potentially malignant ventricular arrhythmias:
      opportunities and limitations of drug therapy in prevention of sudden death.
AB  - Almost 90% of patients resuscitated from out of hospital cardiac arrest have
      coronary heart disease and can be categorized in one of three groups: acute
      myocardial infarction, ischemic event or primary arrhythmic event. The patients
      who have acute myocardial infarction have the best prognosis, and those with
      primary arrhythmic events have the worst. Recent studies show that ventricular
      arrhythmias after myocardial infarction are associated with mortality independent
      of any association with left ventricular dysfunction. Ventricular arrhythmias
      that have caused cardiac arrest or hemodynamic collapse, that is, malignant
      arrhythmias, should be treated aggressively and evaluated carefully with one of
      two methods that have high predictive accuracy for outcome: 1) the Holter
      recording/exercise test approach, or 2) the electrophysiologic approach. It is
      not yet known whether treating potentially malignant ventricular arrhythmias
      after myocardial infarction with class I or III antiarrhythmic drugs will reduce
      mortality, but two clinical trials are under way in the United States to address
      this question. Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs do reduce mortality, probably as a
      result of both antiischemic and antiarrhythmic effects. Calcium channel blocking
      agents, various antiplatelet drugs and alpha-adrenergic blocking drugs are under
      investigation to determine their value in secondary prevention of ventricular
      fibrillation.

PMID- 3889112
TI  - On the mechanisms underlying cardiac standstill: factors determining success or
      failure of escape pacemakers in the heart.
AB  - The mechanisms underlying cardiac standstill in health and disease are
      considered. Ventricular standstill results from failure of impulse formation or
      transmission in the ventricles. In the healthy heart, idioventricular
      automaticity is not brought into play and instead is suppressed by the sinus node
      by virtue of its faster rate (overdrive suppression). However, should the sinus
      node activity be suppressed or atrioventricular (AV) conduction blocked,
      overdrive suppression no longer persists. For this reason, the ventricular
      pacemakers activate the ventricles at a slow rate and under the regulatory
      activity of the sympathetic system. In the diseased heart, the idioventricular
      pacemakers or the regulatory mechanism can be altered structurally or
      functionally. This can be the result of the disease, compensatory mechanisms or
      therapeutic interventions. Disease may affect the idioventricular pacemakers
      directly or indirectly through anoxia, a change in ionic environment or an
      alteration of sympathetic innervation. Compensatory mechanisms may affect reflex
      actions, blood supply or heart rate. Drug administration may alter autonomic
      balance, block the action of neuromediators on their receptors or modify
      diastolic depolarization or its ability to attain the threshold. Because of these
      different direct and indirect actions, a sudden cessation of sinus node activity
      or sudden AV block may result in the diseased heart in a prolonged and even fatal
      cardiac standstill, especially if the tolerance to ischemia of other organs
      (notably the brain) is decreased.

PMID- 3889113
TI  - Ventricular fibrillation.
AB  - Ventricular fibrillation is the most common mechanism of sudden unexpected
      cardiac death in persons with asymptomatic or symptomatic coronary artery
      disease. The electrophysiologic mechanisms reviewed in this article include:
      automaticity of pacemaker fibers, transformation of nonpacemaker into pacemaker
      fibers, "injury" currents and reentry. Some of the conditions facilitating
      ventricular fibrillation include bradycardia, long QT syndrome, electrocution,
      electrolyte imbalance, drugs, sympathetic stimulation and myocardial ischemia.
      Electrophysiologic studies during acute myocardial ischemia suggest that the
      earliest activity at the onset of arrhythmia may originate at the sites of the
      surviving Purkinje fibers or at the epicardial rim. Reentrant arrhythmias arising
      in ischemic myocardium are attributed to nonhomogeneous distribution of local
      hyperkalemia and acidosis.

PMID- 3889114
TI  - Role of the electrocardiogram in identifying the patient at increased risk for
      sudden death.
AB  - Published data dealing with the electrocardiogram as a means of identifying
      individuals at increased risk for sudden death are meager. The available
      information suggests that the sensitivity of the electrocardiogram in association
      with other signs of heart disease is relatively good and that this may vary with
      the severity of the underlying disease. In contrast, its specificity for sudden
      death is poor; many patients with abnormal electrocardiograms do not die suddenly
      or of cardiac causes. The prognosis of any electrocardiographic abnormality is
      that of the underlying disease.

PMID- 3889115
TI  - Role of exercise testing in predicting sudden death.
AB  - The exercise test can be utilized to identify a subset of patients with coronary
      heart disease who are at increased risk of subsequent cardiac mortality including
      sudden cardiac death. The exercise test variables that best identify these high
      risk patients differ according to clinical subsets, but exercise duration, ST
      segment depression and ventricular arrhythmias on the electrocardiogram are the
      most important variables. In the clinical setting, the exercise test is of
      limited value for identifying the patient at risk for developing sudden cardiac
      death because its sensitivity and specificity are not high enough. However, the
      exercise test does provide prognostic information that is independent of other
      clinical variables and it may prove to be of clinical utility when combined with
      multiple other prognostic variables.

PMID- 3889116
TI  - Role of emotions and stress in the genesis of sudden death.
AB  - Emotional arousal induces dramatic endocrine responses through either the
      sympathetic-adrenal medullary system or pituitary-adrenal cortical system. Many
      of the known actions of cortisol and catecholamines are atherogenic, cardiotoxic
      and arrhythmogenic. Emotional stress can produce sudden cardiac death in
      experimental animals, as can the administration of exogenous catecholamines.
      Previous studies have found that emotional stress is a common precursor to sudden
      cardiac death. Thus, acute neuroendocrine arousal, superimposed on a substrate of
      compromised myocardium and electrical instability, may constitute an important,
      final inciting event in sudden cardiac death.

PMID- 3889118
TI  - The sore eyes of Samuel Pepys.

PMID- 3889117
TI  - The role of lumbar puncture in the evaluation of dementia: the Durham Veterans
      Administration/Duke University Study.
AB  - The use of lumbar puncture (LP) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis in the
      routine, initial evaluation of patients with dementia continues to be questioned.
      This is especially true in the investigation of infectious causes of dementia. To
      explore this question further, the authors performed a retrospective analysis of
      672 hospitalized patients specifically evaluated for dementia. LP and CSF
      analysis were performed on 402 patients (60 per cent); routine bacteriologic,
      acid-fast, and fungal cultures were also obtained for 333 of these patients. Most
      patients were white (64 per cent) and male (63 per cent), their mean age being 66
      +/- 11 years. Four patients were diagnosed as having meningitis--two with
      Cryptococcus neoformans, one with apparent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and one
      with coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus. These patients were characterized
      by a subacute change in mental status, fever or meningismus, and CSF pleocytosis
      with abnormal CSF chemistries. None of the patients were found to have newly
      diagnosed neurosyphilis. The authors conclude that LP and CSF analysis should not
      be part of the routine evaluation of patients with dementia and should be
      performed only in the presence of such indications as a subacute duration of
      dementia, fever, and signs of meningeal irritation.

PMID- 3889120
TI  - Comparative chemical and biological analysis of coal tar-based therapeutic agents
      to other coal-derived materials.
AB  - In this study, methodologies developed for the analysis of synthetic fuel
      products were applied to the coal tar fractions isolated from coal tar-based
      pharmaceutical products. A pharmaceutical stock solution of 20% coal tar in
      alcohol, a 50% coal tar bath emulsion and a 4.3% coal tar shampoo were studied.
      The toxicology and chemical composition of the coal tar fractions isolated from
      these materials were compared with an industrial coal tar and with a direct
      liquefaction coal liquid product. The coal tars and coal liquid product were
      fractionated into chemical classes by alumina column chromatography and
      individual components were identified and quantitated by high-resolution gas
      chromatography. The microbial mutagenicity of these materials was measured
      against S. typhimurium, TA 98. In addition, the industrial coal tar, coal-liquid
      product, and coal tar isolate from the 20% coal tar in alcohol solution were
      tested for initiating activity in an initiation/promotion mouse skin painting
      assay for carcinogenicity. The chemical compositions of the coal tar-based
      therapeutic agents, the industrial coal tar and direct-liquefaction coal liquid
      were similar. With the exception of the 50% bath emulsion, the microbial
      mutagenicity and tumor-initiating activity in mouse skin for those materials
      tested were also similar.

PMID- 3889119
TI  - Pre-clinical toxicology of nitazoxanide--a new antiparasitic compound.
AB  - The acute and subchronic toxicological effects of nitazoxanide were investigated
      at levels near and in excess of the therapeutic dose in rats, mice, dogs and
      cats. Single oral gavage doses of 0.625-10 g per kg body weight were administered
      to rats and mice. Single oral doses of 1-10 g per kg body weight were
      administered in capsules to dogs and cats. Acute oral LD50 values were greater
      than 10 g kg-1 in rats, dogs and cats, and 1.4 g kg-1 in mice. Systemic toxicity
      was evaluated in a repeated dose study in rats at doses of 50, 150 and 450 mg per
      kg per day for 14 weeks. The highest dose group exhibited intense salivation,
      increased liver and spleen weight, and decreased thymus weights. Variances
      between control and treated organ weights were not confirmed by histopathological
      evaluation. Nitazoxanide was negative when tested in the Ames Salmonella assay
      using five tester strains with and without metabolic activation at levels from 1
      to 100 mg per plate. The drug was also shown to be non-irritating in a test for
      eye irritation potential.

PMID- 3889121
TI  - Separation of gliadin at pH 3.1 in a polyacrylamide gel suitable for blotting
      procedures.
AB  - A polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system for the separation of gliadin at
      acidic pH is described. The gel is cast at neutral pH with polymerization in 20
      min. Equilibration of the gel to pH 3.1 takes place during the electrophoresis.
      The gel is highly uniform with good mechanical properties and therefore suitable
      for blotting procedures.

PMID- 3889122
TI  - The median preoptic area in cardiovascular reflex activity.
AB  - Two examples are used to illustrate the flexibility within the central
      servocontrol system that regulates blood volume and blood pressure. The
      variations are seen in the modification of components directed both towards short
      term and long-term control. The preferential circuit used in the servocontrol
      system can and does change. The interaction of baromechanisms with cerebellar
      fastigial activation selectively engages sympathetic output to the kidney
      resulting in an enhanced release of renin that is disproportional to the rise in
      renal vascular resistance. The cerebellar component adds a feature to the
      reduction in vascular conductance that when fully developed increases vascular
      volume. The permissive role of sites in the anteroventral hypothalamus suggests a
      neural loop that, when absent, not only allows the sympathetic activity to run
      unabated but fails to prevent a tachycardia state or to develop a bradycardia in
      response to a rise in arterial pressure. The latter may be a transient feature
      not persisting for more than a day. However, when compared to the normal
      responses of the paired sham controls, such a change is taken as an example of
      dynamic shift in preferential pathways.

PMID- 3889123
TI  - Inhibition of gastric motility elicited by D-glucose anomers in man.

PMID- 3889124
TI  - [Keratoglobus].
AB  - Keratoglobus is a bilateral corneal disease characterised by thinning and
      protrusion of the entire corneal surface. The cornea is of normal size and
      usually transparent. Acute corneal edema due to rupture of Descemet's membrane
      and perforation even from minimal trauma are the most frequent complications.
      Keratoglobus may be associated with blue sclera, hyperextensibility of the joints
      or auditory problems. Most often it is a congenital disease with autosomal
      recessive transmission, but it may be secondarily acquired to an advanced
      keratopathy (keratoconus), to trauma or to exophthalmos. We report 5 cases of
      keratoglobus. 4 patients underwent penetrating keratoplasty. The anatomical
      abnormalities of congenital keratoglobus (3 cases) are constants : an absent
      Bowman's membrane, a disorganized stroma containing granular material, a
      thickened, striated Descemet's membrane with breaks, folds and verrucosities. On
      the other hand, acquired keratoglobus (1 case) shows localised breaks in Bowman's
      membrane resembling those of keratoconus. The anatomopathological differences are
      discussed.

PMID- 3889125
TI  - [Ocular motility and the cerebellum].

PMID- 3889126
TI  - Mutagenicity tests with gallic and tannic acid in the Salmonella/mammalian
      microsome assay.
AB  - Gallic acid, tannic acid mixture and a purified fraction of tannic acid were
      evaluated for possible mutagenic activity in three strains of Salmonella
      typhimurium, TA98, TA100, and TA1535. These chemicals were not mutagenic either
      before or after activation with rat and woodchuck microsomal and cytosolic
      enzymes. However, tannic acid mixture and tannic acid fraction both gave a
      significantly (p = 0.05) dose-related reduction in the number of the revertant
      colonies, compared to the normal spontaneous revertants with no apparent toxic
      effects in the background lawn. With an agar diffusion assay, the chemicals
      exhibited toxic effects at 5000 micrograms/disc.

PMID- 3889127
TI  - Relieving the anxiety and fear in dementia.

PMID- 3889128
TI  - Allograft bone for metacarpal reconstruction.
AB  - Banked allograft bone has been used for metacarpal reconstruction in 10 patients.
      In one patient, allograft replaced the shafts of the fourth and fifth metacarpals
      that were lost as the result of an injury from an explosion. In the remaining
      nine, allograft was used as an intercalary bone after distraction lengthening of
      the metacarpal. The first metacarpal was lengthened in seven patients; four had
      hypoplasia of the thumb and three had partial thumb amputation. One patient with
      hypoplasia of the ulnar side of the hand had the fourth and fifth metacarpals
      lengthened, and the fifth metacarpal was lengthened in another. Of the 12
      allografts used, radiographic and clinical evidence of bone union occurred at 23
      of the 24 allograft/recipient bone interface sites. Most patients had no callus
      formation. This suggested primary bone healing. Recipient new bone appeared to
      cross the recipient/donor interface and replace the allograft by "creeping
      substitution" within 6 months to 1 year. The density and trabecular pattern of
      the allograft bone gradually assumed that of the recipient's bone. There was no
      clinical or radiographic evidence of rejection and no evidence of infection,
      abnormal swelling, or bone resorption. Nine of the 10 patients had improved
      function as determined by objective and subjective evaluation. Banked allograft
      bone offers two advantages over autogenous bone for reconstructive hand surgery:
      There is no donor site morbidity, and large defects can be filled with cylindric
      cortical bone of appropriate size and shape, which offers excellent stability as
      an intercalary graft.

PMID- 3889129
TI  - Long-term follow-up of nonvascularized fibular autografts for distal radial
      reconstruction.
AB  - Three patients with giant cell tumors of the distal radius had en bloc excision
      of the distal radius and replacement with the ipsilateral fibula. Two of the
      patients were followed for 16 years and one for 14 1/2 years. Forearm rotation,
      as well as wrist motion, was limited in all three patients, yet they remained
      functional and pain free except during periods of prolonged or excessive use. All
      three patients were pleased with the results. Bone union occurred primarily in
      all three patients without a supplemental bone graft or microvascular
      anastomosis. This method has a definite place in the hand surgeon's armamentarium
      when compared with radial allografts and microvascular free fibular
      translocation.

PMID- 3889131
TI  - To graft or not to graft--the fingertip.

PMID- 3889130
TI  - A foreign body related actinomycosis of a finger.
AB  - An extremely rare case of foreign body related actinomycosis of the finger is
      described. To the best of our knowledge, this condition had not been previously
      reported. Subtotal excisional biopsy followed by penicillin therapy eventually
      yielded a well functioning finger.

PMID- 3889132
TI  - Role of de Vries in the recovery of Mendel's work. I. Was de Vries really an
      independent discoverer of Mendel?
AB  - Recently, doubt has been cast on the view that de Vries developed the idea of
      disjunction independently of Mendel. Arguments are based on de Vries' own
      writings that showed the F2 data of his numerous crosses are reported as 3:1
      ratios only after 1900. They also show that his theory of inheritance becomes
      quasi Mendelian only after 1900. The authors of this review paper cannot but
      agree with de Vries' critics that he did not develop his law of disjunction
      independently of Mendel. They also raise some questions that, hopefully, will
      lead to a reanalysis of de Vries' theory of inheritance in 1900.

PMID- 3889133
TI  - Abdominal trauma in children.

PMID- 3889134
TI  - The EPSDT program: a progress report.

PMID- 3889135
TI  - Cardiac transplantation. Results of a two-year experience at Methodist Hospital.

PMID- 3889136
TI  - Otto Rank and man's urge to immortality.
AB  - Otto Rank, one of Sigmund Freud's original followers, posited the existence of an
      "urge to immortality" as man's deepest drive. In his Psychology and the Soul,
      Rank traced the desire for immortality through four historical eras, with
      particular emphasis on the creativity of the hero and the artist. By the end of
      his life, Rank had not only repudiated orthodox psychoanalysis and developed then
      abandoned a psychology of the will, he had moved "beyond psychology" to a
      religious view of history and the nature of man.

PMID- 3889137
TI  - Hartsoeker's homonculus: a corrective note.
AB  - Contrary to what is reported in many psychology texts, microscopists of the
      preformationist era in embryology, particularly Nicholas Hartsoeker and Antony
      van Leeuwenhoek, did not claim to have seen tiny homonculi, or fetuses, within
      human spermatozoa. This common misconception is based on the fact that both
      Hartsoeker and Leeuwenhoek had at one time included drawings of homonculi in
      their writings, but they did so only to suggest their possible appearance
      (Hartsoeker) or to refute allegations that they existed (Leeuwenhoek).

PMID- 3889138
TI  - Immunoelectron microscopic localization of alpha-actinin on Lowicryl-embedded
      thin-sectioned tissues.
AB  - A procedure has been developed for the immunoelectron microscopic localization of
      intracellular antigens on thin-sectioned tissues. The tissues were fixed in a
      periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde solution or a formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde
      combination and embedded in the acrylate-methacrylate mixture, Lowicryl K4M
      (Polaron), which was polymerized under ultraviolet irradiation at -35 degrees C.
      Thin sections were mounted on gold grids, immunostained using an indirect method
      with ferritin-labeled antibodies, and, optionally, counterstained with osmium
      tetroxide and/or lead citrate and uranyl acetate. The procedure provided good
      morphologic preservation of the cell architecture in adult and embryonic heart,
      and skeletal and smooth muscle tissue, as well as nonmuscle cells. At the same
      time it retained the antigenicities of several contractile proteins, including
      myosin, tropomyosin, actin, and alpha-actinin. The method has advantages over en
      bloc staining techniques in that the problem of antibody penetration into the
      cells is eliminated and careful controls can be performed on adjacent sections.
      This technique will be useful for localizing, at the ultrastructural level,
      contractile and other selected proteins in a variety of muscle and non-muscle
      cells. Details of the new protocol and a description of the results of using
      antibody against the contractile protein, alpha-actinin, are given.

PMID- 3889139
TI  - Specific immunohistochemical localization of osteonectin and collagen types I and
      III in fetal and adult porcine dental tissues.
AB  - Affinity-purified antibodies have been used in combination with the peroxidase
      antiperoxidase technique to study the distribution of osteonectin and collagen
      types I and III in porcine dental tissues. Tissue sections (2 mm thick),
      including unerupted (fetal) or erupted (adult) teeth, were fixed in periodate
      lysine-paraformaldehyde, demineralized in 12% w/v ethylenediaminetetraacetic
      acid, and after embedding, 6 micron sections were prepared for
      immunolocalization. Strong staining for osteonectin was observed in dentine of
      unerupted teeth and in the associated alveolar bone. Light to moderate staining
      was observed in the dental pulp, stratum intermedium, stellate reticulum, and the
      reticular elements in the endosteal spaces. In erupted teeth, osteonectin
      staining in dentine was concentrated around dentinal tubules and the associated
      alveolar bone stained with variable intensity. Cementum was poorly stained.
      However, the periodontal ligament and reticular material in the endosteal spaces
      showed moderate to strong staining. Weaker staining was apparent in the pulp and
      lamina propria of the gingiva. In comparison, type I collagen showed a similar
      distribution to osteonectin in both fetal and adult tissues, whereas type III
      collagen was generally restricted to the periodontal ligament, reticular elements
      of the endosteal spaces, and Sharpey's fibers in bone and cementum. Both
      odontoblast and ameloblast layers in fetal tissues stained for osteonectin and
      type III collagen.

PMID- 3889140
TI  - Distribution of neurofilament subunits in neurons and neuronal processes:
      immunohistochemical studies of bovine cerebellum with subunit-specific monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - The distribution of individual neurofilament (NF) subunits in bovine cerebellar
      neurons was examined using monoclonal antibodies (MAs) raised against bovine NF.
      MAs with immunochemically defined specificities for one or more NF subunits were
      used. Seven were specific for the Mr 68,000 NF subunit, five were specific for
      the Mr 150,000 NF subunit, nine were specific for the Mr 200,000 NF subunit, and
      30 recognized both high molecular weight subunits. Fresh bovine cerebellum was
      fixed and processed by five different protocols and subjected to four different
      immunohistochemical procedures. MAs from each group stained neuronal perikarya
      and processes. NF immunoreactivity in Purkinje cells was evaluated in detail.
      Adjacent Purkinje cell bodies and dendrites exhibited variable NF
      immunoreactivity to the same MA, ranging from intensely positive to completely
      negative. Similar variability in axonal staining was not observed. Application of
      the same MA to tissue subjected to different fixation and/or immunohistochemical
      protocols also resulted in variability in NF subunit immunoreactivity. We
      conclude that MAs recognize each of the three NF subunits in neuronal perikarya,
      axons, and dendrites. Variability in NF subunit immunoreactivity appears to
      reflect both NF microheterogeneity and fixation-dependent modifications of NF
      subunits.

PMID- 3889141
TI  - Secretory proteins of the lung in rodents: immunocytochemistry.
AB  - The reactivity of rabbit antisera to rat lung secretory proteins with other
      rodent species was evaluated by immunocytochemistry. Rabbit anti-rat surfactant
      apoprotein antiserum reacts with the cytoplasm of rat, mouse, and hamster type II
      pneumocytes and is specific for these cells. Rabbit antiserum to rat Clara cell
      secretory proteins stains rat, mouse, and hamster Clara cells. Rabbit antisera
      specific to the two antigenic types of rat Clara cell antigens were also both
      reactive with rat, mouse, and hamster Clara cells. An antiserum to the non-serum
      proteins of hamster lung lavage was also prepared and shown to be specifically
      reactive with hamster Clara cells. The availability of specific reagents for
      secretory proteins of rodent lungs is expected to facilitate studies of the
      respective cell types in various pathologic states.

PMID- 3889142
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of 140 kD cell adhesion molecules in cultured
      chicken fibroblasts, and in chicken smooth muscle and intestinal epithelial
      tissues.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (JG22 MAb) that was previously raised to a chick embryo
      myogenic cell preparation had been shown to produce rounding and other
      morphological changes in myogenic cells in culture, and, in some cases, their
      detachment from the substratum. In other studies it was shown that the epitope
      recognized by JG22 was associated with a set of 140 kD cell surface
      glycoproteins. It is shown that this antigen occurs in a wide variety of cell
      types; in cultured fibroblasts, it is distributed equally between the dorsal and
      ventral cell surfaces shortly after plating, but appears to become concentrated
      on the ventral surface as cell spreading proceeds; by immunoelectron microscopic
      labeling experiments, it is absent from the focal adhesion contact sites formed
      by fibroblasts with their substrata and with one another, but is present in
      clusters at the edge of focal adhesions, and within the close contact sites and
      extracellular matrix contact sites; in smooth muscle cells, it is absent from the
      membrane-associated dense plaques, but is located in clusters at adjacent
      membrane sites; in intestinal epithelium, it is present in clusters at the
      basolateral membranes, but not at the microvilli or within junctional complexes
      of the brush border of the cell layers. These and other results are consistent
      with the suggestion that the antigen recognized by JG22 MAb is important cell
      adhesion molecules, and performs a characteristic function in a variety of cell
      cell contacts and cell adhesions.

PMID- 3889143
TI  - Application of a unique monoclonal antibody as a marker for nonproliferating
      subpopulations of cells of some tissue.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (clone S-30), directed to a protein of 57,000 daltons, was
      developed from the fusion of mouse myeloma cells and the spleen cells of mice
      injected with cytoskeletal extracts of fibroblasts that have been aged in in
      vitro culturing conditions according to a schedule of serial passaging
      (Cristofalo VJ, Charpentier R: J Tissue Culture Meth 6:117, 1981; Wang E: J Cell
      Biol, submitted). The staining activity of S-30 antibody was observed exclusively
      in the nuclei of nonproliferating senescent fibroblasts, but not in their young
      counterparts. Immunolocalization of S-30 antibody in frozen tissues from various
      sites reveals the positive staining reaction in the nuclear envelope region in
      those cells that are at the final stage of differentiation and are no longer
      replicating. These tissue sites include epithelial cells of the suprabasal layer
      of epidermis, hair sheath, and tongue, a subpopulation of fibroblasts in the
      dermis, chondrocytes, hepatocytes, and cells of cardiac muscle. The absence of S
      30 staining activity was noted in tissues such as simple epithelium located in
      the gastrointestinal tract and kidney, and keratinocytes in the basal layer.
      These results suggest that the S-30 antibody can be used as a marker for
      nonproliferating cells both in cultured fibroblasts and in some tissues. It seems
      that the mechanism that controls the cessation of cell proliferation is related,
      in part, to the postmitotic expression of the 57,000 dalton protein.

PMID- 3889144
TI  - Ultrastructural analysis of central serotoninergic neurons immunolabeled by
      silver-gold-intensified diaminobenzidine chromogen. Completion of
      immunocytochemistry with X-ray microanalysis.
AB  - Serotonin immunoreactive structures of the rat central nervous system (CNS) were
      detected by the recently developed silver-intensified peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      complex (SI-PAP) method at both the light and electron microscopic levels. The
      silver postintensification of the diaminobenzidine (DAB) chromogen increased the
      sensitivity of the original PAP method, resulting in a very Golgi-like appearance
      of serotonin-immunopositive neuronal elements. The metallic silver and gold
      deposited onto DAB-labeled organelles, filling out the whole immunoreactive
      neuron, assures the easy tracing of thin neuronal processes far from the cell
      body. At the ultrastructural level, metallic grains were seen over immunolabeled
      structures only, proving the specificity of the silver method. In neurons of the
      dorsal raphe nucleus, free ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and granules (80-100
      nm in diameter) were labeled. Immunoreactive, e.g., serotoninergic, dendrites
      were seen to receive afferent terminals. The increased electron density of the
      intensified immunolabel facilitates the ultrastructural recognition of even
      weakly labeled profiles, while its metallic components (Ag and Au) provide a base
      for X-ray analysis of the immunolabeled biological specimen.

PMID- 3889145
TI  - The renal antihypertensive hormone.

PMID- 3889146
TI  - A transition-state analogue inhibitor of human renin (H.261): test in vitro and a
      comparison with captopril in the anaesthetized baboon.
AB  - H.261, a new transition state inhibitor of human renin with an IC50 of 6.9 X 10(
      10) M, was given by intravenous infusion to six anaesthetized baboons. The
      inhibitor was infused first at 0.1 mumol/kg/h for 15 min, then at 1.0 mumol/kg/h
      for a further 15 min. After a recovery period of 2 h in which the animals
      received 5% dextrose, they were infused with captopril, 25 mumol/kg/h for 15 min.
      At both rates of infusion H.261 markedly and significantly reduced the enzymatic
      action of renin in plasma, the blood concentration of angiotensin I, the plasma
      concentration of angiotensin II and mean arterial pressure. All changes reverted
      towards or to control values in the subsequent control period. Captopril also
      lowered plasma angiotensin II concentration and mean arterial pressure markedly
      and significantly but, as expected for an inhibitor of the angiotensin I
      converting enzyme, plasma active renin concentration and blood angiotensin I
      concentration increased. The changes of angiotensin II and arterial pressure were
      similar with captopril and H.261.

PMID- 3889147
TI  - Body-sodium and blood volume in a patient with licorice-induced hypertension.
AB  - A 68-year-old man a nine-year history of licorice ingestion had moderate
      hypertension and low plasma potassium. Exchangeable sodium and blood volume were
      increased to 128 and 111%, respectively of the expected values; plasma renin and
      aldosterone levels were suppressed. Plasma norepinephrine concentration was
      distinctly elevated but the pressor response to infused norepinephrine was
      normal. After licorice withdrawal, blood pressure, plasma potassium and blood
      volume reverted to normal levels within three weeks, exchangeable sodium and
      plasma renin within four months. Exchangeable sodium in our patient with licorice
      induced hypertension was increased to a comparable extent as in primary
      hyperaldosteronism. Moreover, blood pressure in relation to body sodium or plasma
      potassium did not differ between the exogenous or the endogenous types of
      mineralocorticoid excess. This observation does not support the possibility that
      in primary hyperaldosteronism excess aldosterone secretion per se could play an
      important pressor role independently from sodium retention.

PMID- 3889148
TI  - Effects of potassium on sodium balance, renin, noradrenaline and arterial
      pressure.
AB  - To determine the effects of potassium on blood pressure and factors affecting
      blood pressure, we conducted a randomized, placebo controlled trial of a
      potassium chloride-based substitute for table salt in 23 patients with mild to
      moderate essential hypertension. In addition, the effects of potassium chloride
      on sodium balance were studied in 10 normal subjects. Potassium loading with 100
      mmol/day over five days in these normal subjects caused a cumulative negative
      sodium balance of 138 +/- 35 mmol, similar in degree to that achieved by severe
      dietary sodium restriction. However, two weeks of potassium treatment (100
      mmol/day) in patients with essential hypertension did not lower blood pressure
      (BP) either in the supine or upright positions (potassium treatment: mean BP 108
      +/- 3 lying and 113 +/- 3 mmHg standing; placebo treatment: mean BP 109 +/- 3
      lying and 115 +/- 3 mmHg standing). Patients found it difficult to tolerate the
      potassium-based salt substitute in the dose given. We conclude that it is
      premature to recommend an increase in potassium chloride intake as treatment for
      raised blood pressure.

PMID- 3889149
TI  - Binding of human renin to plasma proteins and comparison with plasma active and
      inactive renin.
AB  - Inactive renin was partially purified from normal male plasma. It showed no
      enzymatic activity at pH 7.4, and its molecular weight by gel filtration was 53
      000 compared with 45 000 for partially purified plasma active renin and 41 000
      for pure renal renin. After exposure to pH 3.0 the inactive renin became
      enzymatically active but its molecular weight did not change. The acid-activation
      could be reversed when the renin was re-adjusted to pH 7.4 and warmed. Pure renal
      renin labelled with I125 was added to normal male plasma. It had a molecular
      weight of 40 000 by gel filtration. When the mixture was acidified and
      neutralized, some I125 label appeared in a high-molecular-weight peak, as might
      occur if the renin was associated with a binding protein. If the mixture of
      plasma and labelled renin was treated with guanidine hydrochloride, most of the
      label appeared in the high-molecular-weight peak. However, after both acid
      treatment and treatment with guanidine hydrochloride the 'high-molecular-weight'
      peak appeared in the void volume of the column (Mr 108 000) rather than in the
      position of inactive renin (Mr 53 000). Also, the I125 label in the peak was
      neither immunologically nor electrophoretically similar to renin. It may
      represent denatured renin bound to plasma proteins, e.g. alpha-2 macroglobulins.
      We conclude that 'inactive renin' is a prorenin-like material rather than a
      protein-bound form of active renin.

PMID- 3889150
TI  - Pressor responsiveness to norepinephrine in rabbits with adrenal perturbations.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine pressor responsiveness in a rabbit model
      with adrenal perturbation. Adrenals in rabbits were stabbed with a needle, and
      the rabbits were given water (adrenal-water group) or 0.9% NaCl (adrenal-salt) to
      drink; additional rabbits were sham-operated and given water (sham-water group)
      or 0.9% NaCl (sham-salt group) to drink. Acute experiments were performed two
      weeks later on conscious rabbits. All four groups of rabbits had the same body
      weights, mean arterial pressures, heart rates, and plasma concentrations of Na+
      and K+. Intravenous norepinephrine infusions at several doses produced greater
      pressor responses in the adrenal-water and adrenal-salt groups than in the sham
      water or sham-salt groups. Administration 1-sarcosine-8-isoleucine angiotensin II
      ([Sar1, Ile8]Ang II) did not alter the pressor responses to norepinephrine in
      either the sham-water or the adrenal-salt groups. Cross-circulation of blood
      between adrenal-salt donor rabbits and normal recipient rabbits at 10 ml/min for
      5 min resulted in enhanced pressor responses to norepinephrine in the recipients
      at 5 min after the cross-circulation. Similar cross-circulation experiments
      between sham-water donors and normal recipients did not alter the pressor
      responses to norepinephrine in the recipients. These studies demonstrated that
      rabbits with adrenal perturbations have pressor hyper-responsiveness to
      norepinephrine, which does not involve angiotensin II mechanisms, but is mediated
      by a fast-acting blood-borne factor.

PMID- 3889151
TI  - Renin gene expression in vessels of the ovine renal cortex.
AB  - Using hybridization histochemistry, a technique which localizes specific mRNA
      populations in tissue sections with a 700 base pair recombinant DNA probe which
      codes for ovine renin, we have localized renin gene expression in the afferent
      arteriole of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) in the sheep renal cortex.
      Specific labelling representing renin gene expression was also found at a
      distance from the glomerular tuft in the walls of the afferent arteriole and also
      in cells in the medial layer of larger vessels of the renal cortex, specifically
      the interlobular arteries. These observations provide morphological evidence of
      renin gene expression at these sites and, combined with ultrastructural and
      immunocytochemical evidence suggest that renin is synthesized and stored in the
      afferent arteriole either within the JGA or at a distance from the glomerulus,
      and in the smooth muscle coat of the interlobular arteries in the sheep kidney.

PMID- 3889152
TI  - Pneumococcal polysaccharides induce antibody formation by human B lymphocytes in
      vitro.

PMID- 3889153
TI  - Influence of RU 41.740, a glycoprotein extract from Klebsiella pneumoniae, on the
      murine system. II. RU 41.740 facilitates the response to Con A in otherwise
      unresponsive T-enriched cells.
AB  - RU 41.740, a glycoprotein extract from Klebsiella pneumoniae, is a polyclonal B
      cell activator in the thymus-independent category, and both RU 41.740 and its
      fraction F1 induce the production of interleukin 1 (IL 1). RU 41.740 alone
      appears to have no direct effect on T-enriched cells. However, we show here that
      when given in conjunction with concanavalin A (Con A), RU 41.740 enabled nylon
      wool-passed T cells, which had been accessory cell depleted and lost
      responsiveness to Con A, to proliferate in response to Con A. Analysis of this
      observation indicated that RU 41.740 probably acted via a residual accessory cell
      population and that contact of this cell with the T cell was necessary for Con A
      activation of the T cell. Because both lectin/antigen and a source of IL 1 are
      required to stimulate accessory cell-depleted T cells, the mechanism of action of
      RU 41.740 in this system may be by induction of IL 1 from residual accessory
      cells in the nylon wool-passed, T-enriched cell population. However, two other
      agents that stimulate IL 1 production, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and F1, do not
      enable T-enriched cells to respond to Con A in this system.

PMID- 3889154
TI  - Augmentation of macrophage complement receptor function in vitro. V. Studies on
      the mechanisms of ligation of macrophage Fc receptors required to trigger
      macrophages to signal T lymphocytes to elaborate the lymphokine that activates
      macrophage C3 receptors for phagocytosis.
AB  - We previously described a unique lymphokine that activates macrophage C3
      receptors for phagocytosis. The lymphokine is generated when T lymphocytes
      receive a signal from macrophages that have ingested IgG-coated material. In the
      present work, we examined the mechanisms by which macrophage Fc receptors must be
      engaged for macrophages to signal lymphocytes to elaborate the lymphokine. We
      found that ingestion mediated by any of the three classes of murine macrophage Fc
      receptors was sufficient to trigger macrophages, and that engagement of
      macrophage Fc receptors by immobilized immune complexes was effective as well. We
      also found that ligation of Fc receptors by an anti-Fc receptor IgG antibody or
      by its F(ab')2 or Fab fragments also triggered macrophages. The ability of
      monovalent ligation of the receptor to elicit biologic activity suggests that
      this system may be of value in elucidating general mechanisms by which ligand
      binding of receptors is transduced into biologic effects.

PMID- 3889155
TI  - Inhibition of anti-DNP antibody formation by high doses of DNP-polyacrylamide
      molecules; effects of hapten density and hapten valence.
AB  - High-dose inhibition of anti-DNP antibody formation by a series of DNP
      polyacrylamide molecules of varying hapten density and hapten valence was
      measured. It was found that a molecule's inhibitory ability correlated directly
      with its hapten density, but not with its hapten valence nor with its own ability
      at optimal dose to stimulate an anti-DNP response.

PMID- 3889156
TI  - Characterization of monoclonal anti-fluorescein antibodies from autoimmune New
      Zealand mice.
AB  - Previous studies of murine IgM hybridoma protein 18-2-3, derived from an
      (NZB/NZW)F1 secondary response to fluorescein (FL) presented on T-dependent
      carrier, demonstrated a high binding affinity for FL (KA = 2.9 X 10(10) M-1) and
      cryoprecipitation, which could be abrogated upon FL binding. Based on these
      unusual properties and their possible association with defective immune
      regulation in lupus-prone mice, further studies were carried out to evaluate the
      basis of 18-2-3 cryoprecipitation, expression of characteristics related to the
      18-2-3 clonotype, and structure/function aspects of additional homogeneous IgM
      and IgG antibodies of similar origin and specificity. Solubility experiments in
      which the effect of ionic strength on macroscopic aggregation was measured
      indicated that 18-2-3 intrinsically possessed both cryoglobulin and euglobulin
      properties in the absence of auxiliary gamma-globulin components. Rates of hapten
      fluorescence quenching by 18-2-3 were limited by factors other than diffusion and
      were dependent on solution temperature and ionic strength. Thirty-seven
      additional IgM and IgG monoclonal antibodies were shown to possess normal low
      temperature solubility and hapten fluorescence-quenching properties, suggesting
      that 18-2-3 was derived from a relatively rare B cell progenitor. Collective
      results from FL binding and spectrotype analyses indicated that the majority of
      proteins were diverse with respect to variable region structure and binding
      mechanisms but unusually restricted in binding affinities (KA less than 5 X 10(6)
      M-1). Relative subclass frequencies for 30 monoclonal IgG proteins (IgG1 greater
      than IgG2b greater than IgG2a greater than IgG3) were consistent with polyclonal
      IgG subclass expression in normal mice in response to T-dependent immunogen.

PMID- 3889157
TI  - The role of neutrophil membrane glycoprotein 150 (Gp-150) in neutrophil-mediated
      endothelial cell injury in vitro.
AB  - In this study we examined the importance of neutrophil adherence in neutrophil
      mediated endothelial cell injury. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-activated
      neutrophils from a patient with a congenital defect in neutrophil adherence (Gp
      150 deficiency) and PMA-activated normal neutrophils pretreated with monoclonal
      antibody (MoAb) 60.3 were used. Both Gp-150-deficient and MoAb 60.3-treated
      normal neutrophils failed to adhere to cultured human umbilical vein endothelial
      cell (HEC) monolayers when activated by PMA (adherence less than 10% with patient
      and MoAb 60.3-treated cells compared with 53 +/- 3% with normal cells). The
      addition of PMA-activated normal neutrophils to 51Cr-labeled HEC monolayers
      failed to induce significant 51Cr release but did produce marked HEC detachment
      (percentage of detachment 50 +/- 3 at 6 hr). In marked contrast, PMA-activated Gp
      150-deficient neutrophils failed to induce significant HEC detachment (percentage
      of detachment zero (0) at 6 hr). Moreover, the addition of MoAb 60.3 to normal
      neutrophils inhibited neutrophil-mediated HEC detachment in a time- and dose
      dependent fashion. Non-lytic HEC detachment was determined to be largely oxygen
      radical independent, because PMA-activated chronic granulomatous disease
      neutrophils and PMA-activated normal neutrophils produced similar disruption of
      HEC monolayers. Soybean trypsin inhibitor, a chloromethylketone elastase
      inhibitor, and autologous serum all failed to inhibit neutrophil-mediated HEC
      detachment. From these studies there is no evidence that nonlytic HEC detachment
      by PMA-activated neutrophils is mediated by the neutrophil-derived proteases,
      elastase and cathepsin G. Neutrophil-mediated HEC detachment also required intact
      neutrophils, because postsecretory medium from PMA-activated normal neutrophils
      and a suspension of frozen-thawed PMA-activated normal neutrophils were without
      effect. These in vitro studies indicate that the neutrophil cell surface
      glycoprotein Gp-150 is required for nonlytic HEC detachment by intact PMA
      activated neutrophils.

PMID- 3889158
TI  - The anti-tumor efficacy of lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant
      interleukin 2 in vivo.
AB  - We showed previously that adoptive immunotherapy with the combination of LAK
      cells and recombinant IL 2 (RIL 2) can markedly reduce pulmonary micrometastases
      from multiple sarcomas established 3 days after the i.v. injection of syngeneic
      tumor cells in C57BL/6 mice. In this report, we analyzed the factors required for
      successful therapy. Titration analysis in vivo revealed an inverse relationship
      between the number of pulmonary metastases remaining after treatment and both the
      number of LAK cells and the amount of RIL 2 administered. Fresh or unstimulated
      splenocytes had no anti-tumor effect; a 2- to 3-day incubation of splenocytes in
      RIL 2 was required. LAK cells generated from allogeneic DBA (H-2d) splenocytes
      were as effective in vivo as syngeneic, C57BL/6 (H-2b) LAK cells. The anti
      metastatic capacity of LAK cells was significantly reduced or eliminated when
      irradiated with 3000 rad before adoptive transfer. The combined therapy of LAK
      cells plus RIL 2 was shown to be highly effective in mice immunosuppressed by 500
      rad total body irradiation and in treating macrometastases established in the
      lung 10 days after the i.v. injection of sarcoma cells. Further, reduction of
      both micrometastases and macrometastases could also be achieved by RIL 2 alone
      when administered at higher levels than were required with LAK cells. The value
      of LAK cell transfer and of IL 2 administration for the treatment of tumors
      established at other sites is currently under investigation.

PMID- 3889159
TI  - LFA-1 membrane molecule in the regulation of homotypic adhesions of human B
      lymphocytes.
AB  - We report here that MAb to human LFA-1 inhibit spontaneous homotypic adhesions of
      human B lymphocytes. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of a MAb that
      inhibits human homotypic intercellular adhesions for any cell type. LFA-1 has
      previously been recognized as a molecule capable of regulating specific
      immunologic adhesions between T lymphocytes and antigen-bearing target cells. The
      present findings show that the role of LFA-1 is not limited to adhesions
      initiated by specific immunologic recognition. The results indicate that the LFA
      1 molecule is capable of regulating lymphocyte adhesions, possibly because it is
      a direct participant in adhesion formation.

PMID- 3889160
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent determination of autoantibodies to zona pellucida as
      a possible cause of infertility in women.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determination of antibodies
      against the zona pellucida was developed and compared with the already available
      indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) technique. Sera from 100 women with explained
      and unexplained infertility were screened for the presence of autoantibodies to
      the zona pellucida by ELISA and IIF techniques. Porcine/goat zonae immobilized on
      activated microtitre plates or solubilized zona pellucida antigens adsorbed on
      poly-L-lysine-coated microtitre plates were used as a solid phase in an ELISA.
      Assay of anti-zona pellucida antibodies in xenogeneic and allogeneic sera was
      performed by incubation of test samples with the solid phase against human serum
      supplied by WHO as a reference positive control, followed by incubation with
      staphylococcal protein A conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. The ELISA was
      effectively used to screen the production of monoclonal antibodies from mouse
      myeloma X mouse splenocyte hybridomas. The sensitivity of the ELISA was more than
      2500-fold greater than that of the IIF technique. Significantly high titres of
      autoantibodies to zona pellucida were found in patients with unexplained
      infertility as compared with patients with a known cause of infertility, and
      their normal counterparts.

PMID- 3889161
TI  - B/T cell ratio of rabbit peripheral blood lymphocytes. Influence of separation
      technique on results.
AB  - Spontaneous in vitro T cell rosette formation at room temperature leading to
      enrichment of B cells has been reported. We tested 10 individual New Zealand
      White rabbits sequentially, separating the lymphocytes either at room temperature
      or at 37 degrees C. T cells are lost constantly at room temperature but to a
      lesser extent at 37 degrees C. The determination of the yield of lymphocytes
      after Ficoll separation gives the best control for the accuracy of the results.
      If lymphocytes are separated at 37 degrees C and if the yield of lymphocytes is
      greater than 45%, the variation in T cells is small and their number is constant
      between 62 and 74%. These data show that the reported wide range of T cells in
      rabbit peripheral blood is due to methodological errors and not inherent in the
      rabbit.

PMID- 3889162
TI  - A rapid luminescently monitored enzyme immunoassay for IgE.
AB  - A novel halophenol-enhanced luminol-peroxide luminescent detection method for
      horseradish peroxidase has been tested in an enzyme immunoassay for IgE. The
      luminescent enzyme immunoassay was reproducible (within-batch CV, 3.9-13.2%) and
      values obtained on serum samples showed good agreement with those obtained by
      colorimetric enzyme immunoassay. The major advantages of the luminescent
      detection method are that it is rapid, 30 s compared with 30 min for the
      colorimetric assay using o-phenylenediamine, and the luminescent signal is
      intense and stable for several minutes.

PMID- 3889163
TI  - Neutrophil migration in vivo: analysis of a skin window technique.
AB  - The applicability of a skin chamber technique for the quantitation of neutrophil
      migration in vivo was studied in healthy subjects. Skin lesions were generated on
      lower abdominal skin by separating epidermis from dermis by suction. In 23
      subjects the mean chamber cell count at 24 h was 20.9 X 10(6)/cm2 of skin lesion
      area, and 97.5% of the cells were neutrophils. An analysis of the variance in up
      to 8 parallel chambers in 10 subjects supported the use of 4 simultaneous
      replicates. Reproducibility in consecutive experiments was studied by testing 9
      persons twice; the results were found to agree closely. Kinetic studies were
      performed in 15 subjects. The method is useful for the in vivo study of diseases
      and medications thought to affect leukocyte function.

PMID- 3889165
TI  - Use of a polysulfone membrane support for immunochemical analysis of a glycolipid
      from Mycobacterium leprae.
AB  - Polysulfone membranes have been used as a solid support for chromatography and
      immunoblotting of phenolic glycolipid I from Mycobacterium leprae. These
      membranes have an advantage over other supports such as nitrocellulose and silica
      gel in that very little non-specific background binding of antibodies occurs and
      assays can readily be carried out with IgM antibodies from human sera. An example
      of use of the polysulfone chromatography system for detection of phenolic
      glycolipid I in sera from leprosy patients is described.

PMID- 3889164
TI  - A monoclonal antibody based solid-phase enzyme-binding assay to measure levels of
      placental alkaline phosphatase in serum of women during pregnancy.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies raised against highly purified placental alkaline
      phosphatase (PALP) reacted specifically with PALP and were found not to cross
      react with the liver, kidney and intestinal enzymes. One of these antibodies (AP
      3) was selected to develop an enzyme-binding assay to measure levels of PALP in
      the sera of 11 women throughout pregnancy. PALP activity rose sharply after 28
      weeks of gestation reaching a peak at delivery followed by an immediate drop
      within 4 days to values approaching non-pregnant levels. The potential of using
      this assay as an index of placental function to monitor progress of a pregnancy
      is discussed.

PMID- 3889166
TI  - Selective elimination of lymphocyte subpopulations by monoclonal antibody-enzyme
      conjugates.
AB  - A novel method for the selective depletion of lymphocyte subpopulations has been
      developed. Conjugates of glucose oxidase (GOx) and phospholipase-C (PL-C) coupled
      to a monoclonal mouse anti-rat IgG (MAR) were shown to be selectively cytotoxic
      for targeted lymphocyte subsets in the presence of various rat monoclonal
      antibodies directed toward murine cell surface antigens. The ability of both
      conjugates to bind specifically to rat monoclonal antibodies was demonstrated by
      flow cytometry. The PL-C-MAR conjugate was more stable than the GOx-MAR
      conjugate. The PL-C conjugate, in conjunction with primary rat anti-mouse
      monoclonal antibodies, produced selective killing of T or B cells as detected by
      a loss of proliferative capacity in response to mitogens and by specific cell
      depletion demonstrated by flow cytometry. Normal mouse serum protected against
      the cytotoxicity of free enzymes but had no protective effect on enzyme
      conjugates. Because the substrates of these enzymes are abundant in vivo and
      serum did not interfere with their cytotoxicity, these enzyme-antibody conjugates
      may be valuable for selective lymphocyte depletion in vivo.

PMID- 3889167
TI  - Is there any specificity to defects of anchoring fibrils in epidermolysis bullosa
      dystrophica, and what does this mean in terms of pathogenesis?

PMID- 3889168
TI  - Leukotriene- and histamine-induced increases in vascular permeability and
      interstitial transport in the skin.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate the edema induced by leukotriene
      D4 (LTD4). Edema is the gross effect of increased blood flow and capillary
      permeability. Our objective was to elucidate the effect of LTD4 on edema
      generation without the influence of the concomitantly increased blood flow
      induced by this potent vasodilator. A new method was outlined measuring the
      exudation through skin windows of a macromolecular tracer [( 131I]albumin) and a
      micromolecular tracer [( 99Tc]pertechnetat). Exudation of [131I]albumin is a
      function of enhanced vascular permeability and interstitial transport and blood
      flow, whereas that of [99Tc] pertechnetat is mainly a function of blood flow.
      Thus a ratio of the 2 exudate measurements gives a specific estimate of the
      changes in vascular permeability and interstitial transport. Histamine was
      employed to establish the method. A dose-response relation was found for
      histamine in the dose range of 10(-4) to 10(-7) M. The effect of 10(-5) M LTD4 on
      vascular permeability and interstitial transport of macromolecules was
      indistinguishable from that of histamine in the same concentration. This property
      together with their well-known vasodilatory capabilities indicate that the
      leukotrienes of the slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis may play a role in the
      vascular changes in the allergic-inflammatory reaction.

PMID- 3889169
TI  - Antigenic phenotype of pigment cell lesions: a study of melanoma, its precursor
      lesions and heterogeneity in metastatic melanoma.
AB  - Expression of surface antigens on cells comprising malignant, dysplastic, and
      benign pigment cell lesions has been evaluated in situ using an avidin-biotin
      immunohistologic technique. We have demonstrated expression of HLA-DR, beta 2
      microglobulin, and 2 melanoma-associated antigens (MAA) in a range of benign and
      malignant lesion, and have confirmed the close association of HLA-DR and MAA on
      malignant lesions. In addition, 5 subcutaneous lesions removed at the same time
      from one individual were evaluated. Clinical and histologic appearance differed
      among lesions although the antigenic patterns were similar.

PMID- 3889170
TI  - Evidence that anti-basement membrane zone antibodies in bullous eruption of
      systemic lupus erythematosus recognize epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
      autoantigen.
AB  - Circulating and tissue-deposited IgG antibodies to the cutaneous basement
      membrane zone (BMZ) were detected in 3 patients with the clinical, pathologic,
      and immunologic features of bullous eruption of systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE). The antibodies were present in sera and IgG fractions in all cases and in
      eluates of cutaneous immune deposits from one of the cases. The antibodies were
      easily detected in sera by indirect immunofluorescence on adult human thigh skin
      separated through the lamina lucida by incubation in 1.0 M NaCl but were less
      easily detected on intact neonatal foreskin. The antibodies had features of
      epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) anti-BMZ antibodies including binding to
      the dermal side of the BMZ in separated skin, binding to the cutaneous but not
      vascular or glomerular basement membranes, binding to and just below the lamina
      densa, and binding to 290 or 290 and 145 kD dermal proteins previously identified
      as components of the EBA autoantigen. The antibodies were relatively specific for
      SLE patients with features of bullous eruption of SLE since they were detected in
      3 of 4 of those cases and in only 1 of 20 SLE patients without blisters. These
      results show anti-BMZ antibodies with features of EBA antibodies are present in
      patients with bullous eruption of SLE and suggest there may be a close
      relationship between that disease and EBA. The results also suggest that EBA
      antibodies may be part of the autoantibody spectrum of SLE and that separated
      skin is more sensitive than intact skin for their detection.

PMID- 3889171
TI  - Role of antibiotic class in the rate of liberation of endotoxin during therapy
      for experimental gram-negative bacterial sepsis.
AB  - To evaluate the role of antibiotic class in the rate of liberation of endotoxin
      during therapy for sepsis caused by gram-negative bacteria, we obtained serial
      blood samples from rabbits with sepsis caused by Escherichia coli and treated
      with chloramphenicol, gentamicin, or moxalactam. The concentrations of viable
      bacteria, free endotoxin, and total endotoxin in each blood sample were measured.
      In rabbits treated with chloramphenicol, the geometric mean levels of free
      endotoxin remained proportional to the geometric mean levels of bacteremia, a
      result indicating the absence of antibiotic-induced endotoxin liberation. In
      contrast, levels of free endotoxin increased rapidly while levels of bacteremia
      declined after treatment with gentamicin or moxalactam, a result indicating
      antibiotic-induced release of endotoxin. Despite similar rates of bacterial
      killing, mean levels of free endotoxin were as much as 20-fold higher in rabbits
      treated with moxalactam than in paired rabbits receiving gentamicin (P less than
      .05). These results indicate that endotoxin liberation during therapy for sepsis
      caused by gram-negative bacteria is dependent upon the class of antibiotic
      administered and is not necessarily correlated with the rate of bacterial
      killing.

PMID- 3889172
TI  - The interaction of Chlamydia trachomatis with host cells: ultrastructural studies
      of the mechanism of release of a biovar II strain from HeLa 229 cells.
AB  - Serotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis classified as biovar II strains (immunotypes
      A, Ba, and B-K) are currently recognized as important human pathogens that
      produce disease characterized by a rather complex pathogenesis. We have studied
      some morphological phenomena in the interaction of C. trachomatis (strain UW3/Cx,
      serotype D) with HeLa 229 cells to define the mechanisms of release of these
      obligate intracellular parasites. Fluorescent-antibody staining of unfixed HeLa
      cells infected with chlamydiae suggested that this biotype of C. trachomatis can
      exit cells without concomitant death of the host cell. The mechanisms by which
      chlamydiae were released from cells were studied by scanning and transmission
      electron microscopy. Ultrastructural observations indicated that the chlamydial
      inclusion was segregated from host cytoplasm and transported to the host cell
      surface by a process similar to exocytosis. These observations of interactions
      between C. trachomatis and the host cell in vitro may be relevant for
      understanding the complex pathogenesis these organisms produce in vivo,
      specifically their ability to produce asymptomatic or latent infections.

PMID- 3889173
TI  - Role of the latex agglutination test for cryptococcal antigen in diagnosing
      disseminated infections with Trichosporon beigelii.

PMID- 3889174
TI  - Age-related prevalence of human serum IgG and IgM antibody to the core glycolipid
      of Escherichia coli strain J5, as measured by ELISA.
AB  - Administration of antibody to Escherichia coli strain J5 reduces mortality in
      patients with gram-negative septic shock. Limited evidence suggests that this
      antibody is present in the serum of healthy individuals and deficient in persons
      with malignancy; however, the age-related prevalence of serum antibody to strain
      J5 in normal subjects is unknown. We developed an ELISA method to measure IgG and
      IgM antibody to purified J5 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in sera from 33 maternal
      newborn cord pairs, 40 neonates, and 253 individuals aged from one day to twenty
      years. Reciprocal geometric mean titers for serum antibody to strain J5 LPS were
      as follows: maternal-IgG, 12.3; IgM, 174; one month old or less-IgG, 8.3; IgM,
      5.6; one to 24 months old-IgG, 10.5; IgM, 44.7; greater than 24 months old -IgG,
      16.2; IgM, 200. We conclude that human serum antibody to J5 LPS is predominantly
      IgM and that it is usually present by two years of age. The ELISA method should
      provide a valuable tool in studying the relation of core glycolipid antibody to
      immunity and therapy of gram-negative bacterial infections.

PMID- 3889175
TI  - Cross-reactive immunoprotective antibodies to Escherichia coli O111 rough mutant
      J5.
AB  - The potential immunoprotective role of antiserum to an Escherichia coli J5 mutant
      derived from E. coli O111:B4 was demonstrated in an experimental mouse model.
      Overwhelming bacterial inocula masked the effects of cross-reactive
      immunoprotection due to antiserum to strain J5. Enhanced bacterial clearance was
      observed in mice receiving antiserum to strain J5 in sublethal infections but not
      from lethal doses. Incorporation of hemoglobin with the bacterial inocula
      decreased the 50% lethal dose of challenge organisms, allowing the demonstration
      of protective activity of antiserum to strain J5 in lethal infection.
      Pretreatment of mice with antiserum to strain J5 did not protect against lethal
      doses of endotoxin. The protective factor was demonstrated by exhaustive
      adsorption experiments to be an antibody specific for strain J5
      lipopolysaccharide. The protective activity of antiserum to strain J5 was
      abolished only after adsorption with strain J5 lipopolysaccharide but not with
      Salmonella typhimurium mutants with or without enterobacterial common antigen.

PMID- 3889176
TI  - [Resection of aneurysm of the brachiocephalic trunk and left to right carotid
      arterial bypass for severe tracheal stenosis after Bentall's operation].

PMID- 3889177
TI  - [Preservation of canine hearts for 24 hours by retrograde coronary sinus
      microperfusion--evaluation of cardiac function by ventricular pressure-volume
      relationships and orthotopic heart transplantation].

PMID- 3889178
TI  - [Association of replicon with envelope: the ori C-membrane complex in E. coli].

PMID- 3889179
TI  - [Mechanisms involved in metabolic responses to cold exposure].

PMID- 3889180
TI  - [Molecular functions of phospholipases A2].

PMID- 3889181
TI  - [Biological and immunological characterization of human luteinizing hormone in
      plasma discharged by LH-RH infusion in normal adult women].
AB  - Five hundred micrograms synthetic LH-RH was infused for 2 hours in women having a
      normal menstrual cycle. Measurement of the plasma hLH level revealed two phases
      of hLH discharge; i.e. an acute and a delayed discharge (plasma pools I and II,
      respectively). These plasma pools were subjected to a column isoelectrofocusing
      (IEF) fractionation. The IEF fractionation separated plasma LH in both plasma
      pools into 6 distinct species; A (pI: 9.03 +/- 0.11), B (8.60 +/- 0.10), C (8.12
      +/- 0.13), D (7.67 +/- 0.09), E (7.24 +/- 0.10), and F (acidic LH). The ratio of
      biological to immunological LH activities in each species was determined after
      concentration by ultrafiltration and found to be 1.12, 2.09, 2.21, 1.87, 1.29,
      and 0.49, respectively. The acidic LH was more enriched in plasma pool II
      throughout the menstrual cycle than in its counterpart. The majority of LH
      activity was found in B, C and D. The relative amount of LH migrating in the high
      alkaline region (A) was greater in plasma pool I of the late follicular phase
      where the secretion of the hormone was depressed. In conclusion, LH
      subpopulations separated by IEF may represent the stage of molecular maturation
      of the hormone. The acidic LH is probably the LH newly synthesized and not well
      processed. The LH species possessing alkaline pIs (B, C and D) are mature types
      of the hormone. The LH migrating in the high alkaline region (A) may be the LH of
      over-maturation.

PMID- 3889182
TI  - Changes in the umbilical venous blood flow of human fetus in labor.
AB  - In the present study, we intended to depict the changes occurring during labor in
      the fetal umbilical blood flow. Simultaneously, we also investigated the
      characteristics of the changes and their relation to the fetal heart rate
      patterns. In 15 human labors, the blood flow velocity in the intra-abdominal part
      of the umbilical vein was recorded continuously by the pulsed Doppler ultrasound
      technique. At the same time, direct fetal ECG and uterine contraction were
      monitored. The umbilical venous blood flow during the uterine contraction was
      equal to or lower than that between the uterine contractions. The maximum
      umbilical blood flow was decreased by 50% or more at variable deceleration and
      reduction of the umbilical venous blood flow was followed by a decrease in heart
      rate. Otherwise at late deceleration, the umbilical venous blood flow reduction
      was not so marked and biphasic pulsation became evident following the heart rate
      decrease. The present study has revealed that the umbilical venous blood flow
      shows characteristic patterns at variable deceleration and late deceleration.

PMID- 3889183
TI  - Clinical value of biological activity of serum luteinizing hormone in patients
      with ovulatory failure.
AB  - Effects of LH-RH injection on the biological and immunological activities of LH
      were studied in patients with ovulatory failure. The LH-RH stimulation induced an
      abrupt increase in both biological and immunological activities of LH in both
      normal women and patients with ovulatory failure. The mean ratio of biological to
      immunological LH activities (B/I ratio) before LH-RH injection was 1.06 +/- 0.06
      in the group of normal women, and was stable in each case for up to two hours
      after LH-RH injection. Patients with ovulatory failure could be divided into 2
      subgroups on the basis of the B/I ratio of basal LH: one with a B/I ratio within
      the normal range (mean +/-2SD of B/I ratio in normal women) and one with a B/I
      ratio greater than the normal range. Patients with a normal B/I ratio had good
      responses to the clomiphene treatment, whereas those with a high B/I ratio showed
      poor responses to the same treatment. The basal levels of serum estradiol were
      significantly (p less than 0.05) lower in patients with a high B/I ratio than
      those with a normal B/I ratio. These results suggested that the determination of
      the B/I ratio would be a useful parameter in clinical care.

PMID- 3889185
TI  - The 1984 Journal--a continuing perspective.

PMID- 3889186
TI  - DDS-resistant leprosy.

PMID- 3889184
TI  - Leprosy in a mangabey monkey--naturally acquired infection.
AB  - Naturally acquired leprosy was detected in an otherwise normal "sooty" mangabey
      monkey (Cercocebus atys). This animal was imported from West Africa in 1975 and
      developed clinical symptoms of leprosy in 1979. Histopathologic findings were
      those of subpolar-lepromatous to borderline-lepromatous leprosy in the Ridley
      Jopling classification. The disease was progressive, with crippling neuropathic
      deformities of the hands and feet. The disease regressed under specific therapy.
      The etiologic agent was identified as Mycobacterium leprae by the following
      criteria: invasion of nerves of host, staining properties, electron microscopic
      findings, noncultivable on mycobacteriologic media, DOPA-oxidase positive,
      lepromin reactivity, infection patterns in mice and armadillos, sensitivity to
      sulfone, and DNA homology. We believe the animal acquired the disease from a
      patient with active leprosy. The mangabey monkey offers promise as a primate
      model for leprosy, and adds a third reported species to animals with naturally
      acquired leprosy.

PMID- 3889187
TI  - Drug sensitivity testing of M. leprae.

PMID- 3889188
TI  - Abstracts: First U.S. Hansen's Disease Research Conference. National Hansen's
      Disease Center, Carville, Louisiana, U.S.A, 13-15 August 1954.

PMID- 3889189
TI  - Serological survey of leprosy and control subjects by a monoclonal antibody-based
      immunoassay.
AB  - A serological antibody competition test (SACT) using a murine anti-Mycobacterium
      leprae-specific monoclonal antibody (ML04) has been evaluated in 96 untreated
      leprosy patients and 128 control subjects. The test is based on the competitive
      inhibition by antibodies from human test sera of the binding of the specific 125I
      ML04 murine monoclonal antibody to M. leprae soluble antigen coated microtiter
      plates. Along the spectrum of the disease, SACT positivity was observed in 100%
      of LL-BL, 87.5% of BB, and 46.7% of the TT-BT groups of patients. Moreover, 46.4%
      of apparently healthy household family contacts of multibacillary leprosy cases
      were also antibody positive. Sera from 15 contacts of paucibacillary leprosy
      cases as well as from 85 various nonleprosy subjects (tuberculosis, autoimmune
      disease, cancer, and healthy) were all found to be negative. These results
      satisfy the requirements of a leprosy-specific serodiagnostic test. The striking
      increase of antibody titer in all of the LL/BL patients indicates a potential
      prognostic utility of this test for the lepromatous shift of the disease. The
      observed positivity in a fraction of healthy leprosy contacts still requires
      prospective evaluation of disease incidence in a larger test sample.

PMID- 3889190
TI  - Comparative study on the thin-layer chromatographic pattern of methyl mycolates
      of M. leprae and related species.
AB  - The thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) pattern of methyl mycolates of Mycobacterium
      leprae has been compared with the lipids extracted from M. leprae-infected tissue
      material and also with those of other cultivable mycobacterial species. It has
      been found that M. leprae-derived methyl mycolates give two spots, namely, alpha-
      and keto-derivatives, after charring the TLC plates with K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 spray.
      Lipids extracted from infected tissue material also show spots with the same Rf
      values when compared with those of armadillo-derived M. leprae. Normal skin
      tissue extracts, however, do not show any presence of mycolates. This TLC pattern
      of M. leprae-derived methyl mycolates is characteristic and is not shown by any
      other mycobacterial species isolated from leprosy lesions. The strain and species
      which have been earlier found to resemble M. leprae antigenically or
      biochemically could readily be distinguished with the help of the TLC pattern of
      their methyl mycolates.

PMID- 3889191
TI  - Survival of Mycobacterium lepraemurium in vitro for thirty years by
      lyophilization.
AB  - It was demonstrated that the virulence of Mycobacterium lepraemurium could be
      maintained in vitro for 30 years when the bacilli from the infected subcutaneous
      mouse tissue were suspended in 10% bovine serum-water, frozen, dried, and stored
      in a refrigerator. However, it was noted that a complete loss of virulence
      occurred when the bacilli were suspended in saline. Thus, the selection of the
      suspending solution is of the utmost importance in maintaining bacterial
      virulence by lyophilization.

PMID- 3889192
TI  - An electron microscopic study on macrophages and lymphocytes in lepromatous and
      borderline leprosy.
AB  - We describe how macrophages are activated and phagocytose mycobacteria in
      lepromatous leprosy. The differentiation of macrophages into epithelioid cells
      and into giant cells in borderline leprosy is shown. Close apposition between
      macrophages and lymphocytes is seen in those areas where mycobacteria
      disintegrate inside macrophages.

PMID- 3889193
TI  - An electron microscopic study of the small cutaneous vessels in lepromatous
      leprosy.
AB  - The small dermal vessels play an important role for the propagation of
      Mycobacterium leprae. Bacteria can multiply in the endothelial cells as well as
      in the pericytes and can enter the blood stream from the endothelial cells and
      the interstitial space from the pericytes. M. leprae can be phagocytosed by blood
      monocytes.

PMID- 3889194
TI  - Electron microscopic findings of the peripheral nerve lesions of nude mice
      inoculated with M. leprae.
AB  - Peripheral nerve lesions of nude mice inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae were
      examined from 1 year to 1 year and 8 months post-inoculation. Leprosy bacilli and
      intracytoplasmic foamy structures were found in the perineurial cells,
      endothelial cells of capillaries, Schwann cells, and axons of the myelinated
      nerve fibers inside the lepromas of foot pads. In the proximal portion of the
      sciatic nerve, bacilli were found chiefly in the macrophages of the endoneurial
      space. Bacilli were not found in the perineurial cells of the sciatic nerves.
      Marked fibrosis, hypertrophy or degeneration of Schwann cells, demyelination,
      axonal damage or irreversible destruction of nerve architecture were not observed
      clearly. Therefore, it is thought that nude mice inoculated with M. leprae are
      suitable models for the study of the early peripheral nerve lesions of
      lepromatous leprosy.

PMID- 3889195
TI  - [In vitro evaluation of anticancer drugs and retrospective clinical trials with
      the human tumor cloning system].

PMID- 3889196
TI  - [Endocrine function abnormalities in two cases of Wolfram syndrome].

PMID- 3889197
TI  - Results of digital neurorrhaphy in adults.
AB  - Forty-two digital neurorrhaphies utilizing contemporary techniques and suture
      material are reviewed. 17% regained near normal function. Another 30% regained
      imperfect, but very pleasing function. Half of the patients were left with
      moderate to marked hypoaesthesia, but protective sensation. Protective sensation
      did not return to those nerves left unrepaired. Immediate repair did not allow
      better recovery than repair within six days. Delay up to eleven months did not
      obviate pleasing return of sensibility. Similarly, simultaneous tenorrhaphy did
      not seem to affect the quality of the result. Crushing, or avulsive injuries
      always resulted in "poor" return of sensibility. Testing two-point discrimination
      with the technique of Dellon will reveal recovery of epicritic sensation earlier
      than any other technique. After six months, few patients regained, or lost
      sensibility. The severed digital nerve must still carry a guarded prognosis in
      the adult.

PMID- 3889198
TI  - Postoperative results of looped nylon suture used in injuries of the digital
      flexor tendons.
AB  - Primary or delayed suture was performed on 174 patients involving 234 digits with
      flexor tendon injury on the day of injury to a maximum of 486 days after injury
      during the past eight years from 1974. In the treatment a 4-0 or 5-0 looped nylon
      suture was used. Follow-up study was made on 121 patients involving 164 digits in
      whom at least six months had elapsed since the operation. The evaluation showed
      the results in 53.0% excellent, 15.3% good, 18.9% fair and 12.8% poor. Discussion
      is made of a number of factors which have effects upon the results of treatment
      of flexor tendon injury of the hand.

PMID- 3889199
TI  - Reversal of renovascular hypertension: a comparison of changes in blood pressure,
      plasma renin, and sodium balance in two models in rats.
AB  - Blood pressure changes produced by removal of the renal artery clip in two forms
      of experimental renovascular hypertension in the rat (two-kidney one-clip and one
      kidney one-clip hypertension) have been studied in relation to sodium balance and
      the renin angiotensin system. Continuous records of arterial blood pressure in
      conscious, freely moving animals with hypertension of less than 6 weeks' duration
      showed similar baseline values. After unclipping, blood pressure fell to normal
      levels within 12 hours of operation, and the pattern of the fall was identical in
      both models. Plasma renin concentration was elevated in two-kidney hypertension
      and fell to normal by 24 hours after operation, remaining unchanged 6 days later,
      whereas in one-kidney hypertension it was normal before and after unclipping.
      Sodium balance became positive in two-kidney hypertension within 24 hours of
      unclipping and remained so at 7 days, and was significantly different from that
      in unclipped loose-clip controls (+2.54 +/- 0.55 mmol vs. +0.46 +/- 0.55 mmol at
      7 days, P less than 0.05). In one-kidney hypertension, sodium balance was
      negative during the first 24 hours after operation, and remained slightly
      negative at 7 days compared with loose-clip controls (-0.34 +/- 0.23 mmol). The
      similarity in the pattern of blood pressure fall in these two models of
      renovascular hypertension, despite qualitative differences in the response of
      sodium balance and the renin-angiotensin system, suggests that a common mechanism
      is activated by unclipping. This mechanism cannot be explained solely in terms of
      changes in sodium balance or activity of the renin-angiotensin system.

PMID- 3889200
TI  - Plasma kallikrein and prorenin in patients with hereditary angioedema.
AB  - Recent evidence indicates that plasma kallikrein is activated during acute
      attacks of hereditary angioedema. Plasma kallikrein is known to convert inactive
      renin, or prorenin, into an active proteolytic enzyme in plasma exposed to acid
      or low temperatures as well as in purified systems. To establish whether plasma
      kallikrein could activate prorenin under physiologic or pathologic conditions,
      prorenin to renin conversion was assessed at neutral pH in plasma deficient in C1
      inhibitor (hereditary angioedema). In these plasma samples lacking the two major
      inhibitors of kallikrein and possessing less than 10% of the inhibitory activity
      of normal plasma, prorenin was not converted to an active enzyme despite
      conditions under which prekallikrein was completely activated to plasma
      kallikrein and despite normal prorenin concentrations and activability.

PMID- 3889201
TI  - Reconstructive laryngectomy.
AB  - Reconstructive laryngectomy, the aim of which is to leave the patient without a
      tracheostoma, thus preserving the normal pneumophonic function relative to vocal
      articulation, is a link between the various techniques suggested for conservative
      laryngeal surgery and classic total laryngectomy. The aim of this technique is to
      restore continuity to the airways, so that the patient is able to breathe
      naturally and subsequently can speak without having to resort to the use of
      esophageal voice.

PMID- 3889202
TI  - Eosinophilic granuloma of the temporal bone.
AB  - Involvement of the temporal bone by eosinophilic granuloma is rare. Four cases
      are presented here and the pertinant literature is reviewed. This disease must be
      kept in mind by the otolaryngologist because of the diagnostic and therapeutic
      problems that may arise. Direct injection of methyl-prednisolone sodium succinate
      is suggested as a treatment of eosinophilic granuloma in the temporal bone.

PMID- 3889203
TI  - Proxy consent for incompetent non-terminally ill adult patients.

PMID- 3889204
TI  - Medical malpractice injury. Causation and valuation of the loss of a chance to
      survive.

PMID- 3889205
TI  - Troubleshooting common problems in prosthetic dentistry.

PMID- 3889206
TI  - Maxillary expansion: a surgical technique based on surgical-orthodontic treatment
      objectives and anatomical considerations.
AB  - Maxillary transverse expansion is usually done as an ancillary, not primary
      surgical movement in the surgical-orthodontic correction of dentofacial
      deformities. A maxillary osteotomy technique is described which permits
      combinations of movements, including expansion. Releasing the palatal soft tissue
      to disperse the resulting soft tissue tension, bone grafting and adequate
      stabilization and retention of the segments are stressed to achieve success. Also
      described is the use of local bone grafts and the rotation of soft tissues to
      cover surgical defects. Results are encouraging and the complication rate has
      been low in this series of 104 patients.

PMID- 3889207
TI  - Evidence that PGI2-generation in human dental cysts is stimulated by leucotrienes
      C4 and D4.
AB  - Various prostaglandins, particularly PGE2 and PGI2, appear to play a major role
      in osteolytic processes. The bone-destructive action of dental squamous cell
      cysts is thought to be caused or at least mediated by prostaglandins. Both
      leucotrienes and prostaglandins are synthesized from a common precursor
      substance, i.e. arachidonic acid, in a series of reactions. There is a special
      relation between leucotrienes and PGI2 in that PGI2 synthesis in endothelial
      cells can be enhanced by LTC4 and LTD4. R-TLC showed conversion of the
      arachidonic acid added into PGI2 in 8 out of 12 cases, as reflected by the stable
      degradation product 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha. In 8 cases bioassay showed PGI2 synthesis
      without addition of LTC4 and LTD4. Incremental LTC4 and LTD4 additions were found
      to cause a highly significant increase of PGI2 synthesis rates. In summary, LTC4
      and LTD4 stimulate PGI2 synthesis in chronic inflammatory processes in vivo and
      may thus elicit or accelerate osteolysis.

PMID- 3889208
TI  - Development of bite impression technique for use in identification of missing and
      unknown children.

PMID- 3889209
TI  - Hormonal regulation of growth hormone binding and responsiveness in adipose
      tissue and adipocytes of hypophysectomized rats.
AB  - The hormonal regulation of GH binding and the effects of GH on glucose metabolism
      were studied in hypophysectomized rats. Male rats (130-140 g) were
      hypophysectomized and on the day after the operation treatment with one or a
      combination of two hormones was started and continued for 7 days. The different
      hormonal treatments were cortisone acetate, insulin, insulin plus cortisone
      acetate, thyroxine, thyroxine plus cortisone acetate and GH. Glucose metabolism
      was studied by determining the production of CO2 from [14C]glucose in epididymal
      fat pads and adipocytes and the incorporation of [14C]glucose into lipids in
      adipocytes. Binding of GH was measured in cell aliquots using 125I-labelled human
      GH. In hypophysectomized control animals, GH binding was decreased to
      approximately 25% of the binding observed in adipocytes of normal rats. Insulin
      treatment increased GH binding by approximately 100% and the response to GH was
      markedly increased. Similar effects were achieved by thyroxine treatment. Basal
      levels of glucose oxidation were markedly decreased after hypophysectomy but were
      increased towards normal by insulin or thyroxine treatment. Neither cortisone nor
      GH treatment had any effect on GH binding or glucose metabolism. The results show
      that insulin and thyroxine may be important for the GH receptor and the insulin
      like effect of GH in adipocytes.

PMID- 3889210
TI  - Antagonism by growth hormone of insulin action in fetal sheep.
AB  - Insulin, glucose, lactate and alpha-amino acid nitrogen concentrations were
      measured in the plasma of ewes and their hypophysectomized fetal lambs during
      intravenous infusions of GH, prolactin or saline into the fetus in utero.
      Prolactin and saline had no effect on mother or fetus. Infusion of GH at 1.2
      mg/kg per day for 2 days or at 0.4 mg/kg per day for 4 days caused a sustained
      twofold increae in the level of insulin and a smaller, but sustained, increase in
      the level of glucose in fetal plasma. We suggest that GH antagonizes the action
      of insulin in the fetus. Glucose supplies to the fetal brain and placenta may be
      protected by such antagonism of insulin use during glucose shortage.

PMID- 3889211
TI  - Possible role of prolactin in the inhibitory effect of testosterone on the
      hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in the rat.
AB  - To study the role of testosterone on the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary
      testicular axis, young intact male Wistar rats were given acute (24 h) or chronic
      (5 days) subcutaneous treatments of 500 micrograms testosterone propionate (TP)
      or vehicle alone. Plasma LH, prolactin and testosterone levels were measured both
      basally and after administration of LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) or human
      chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) by means of specific radioimmunoassay systems using
      materials supplied by the NIADDK. After acute treatment with TP there was an
      increase in basal plasma testosterone concentrations and no modification in the
      hCG response when compared with vehicle-treated animals. No difference could be
      detected in basal plasma testosterone levels after the chronic treatment, but a
      significant reduction in the hCG response was observed. Both acute and chronic
      treatments with TP resulted in a significant decrease of basal plasma LH levels.
      A reduced LH response to LHRH in acutely treated rats and no response in the
      chronically treated rats was detected. Plasma prolactin levels showed an increase
      after both acute and chronic treatments. To evaluate the possible role of the
      increased plasma prolactin levels on the above modifications during TP treatment,
      another group of animals was treated with TP and bromocriptine (dopamine agonist)
      simultaneously to avoid the increase in plasma prolactin levels. In this
      situation, neither basal plasma LH levels nor the response to LHRH were altered
      when compared to vehicle-treated rats; a normal testosterone response to hCG
      stimulation was observed in spite of the high basal plasma testosterone
      levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3889212
TI  - Hydron versus gutta-percha and sealer: a study of endodontic leakage using the
      scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive analysis.

PMID- 3889213
TI  - Comparative sealing quality of gutta-percha following the use of the McSpadden
      compactor and the engine plugger.

PMID- 3889214
TI  - Identification and relative concentration of B and T lymphocytes in human chronic
      periapical lesions.

PMID- 3889215
TI  - The use of a dentinal bonding agent as a root canal sealer.

PMID- 3889216
TI  - Marginal adaptation of retrograde fillings and its correlation with sealability.

PMID- 3889217
TI  - Determination of uric acid in human serum by isotope dilution-mass spectrometry.
      Definitive methods in clinical chemistry, III.
AB  - A method for the measurement of uric acid in human serum by isotope dilution-mass
      spectrometry is described. The analytical procedure consists of the following
      steps: Addition of [1,3-15N2]uric acid to the serum sample; ion exchange
      chromatography on AG1-X2; formation of the trimethylsilyl derivative; gas liquid
      chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), selected ion monitoring (SIM) at m/z
      values 456 and 458; calculation of the amount of uric acid in the serum sample
      from the isotope ratio, as measured by GC-MS. The accuracy of the method is
      obtained by the use of the highly specific technique of selected ion recording in
      combination with the exact control of recovery as performed by the isotope
      dilution procedure. On the basis of the high accuracy of the isotope dilution
      mass spectrometry technique, the method presented here may be proposed as a
      definitive method in clinical chemistry. The imprecision of the method was
      estimated by measuring replicates in 18 lyophilised serum pools on different
      occasions. The coefficient of variation proved to be between 0.6 and 1.1% in the
      concentration range of 200 to 500 mumol/l. The lower limit of detection (ratio of
      signal to noise 3:1) of SIM was about 10 ng uric acid per sample.

PMID- 3889218
TI  - Determination of creatinine in human serum by isotope dilution-mass spectrometry.
      Definitive methods in clinical chemistry, IV.
AB  - A method for the determination of creatinine in human serum by isotope dilution
      mass spectrometry is described. The analytical procedure comprises the following
      steps: Addition of [13C,15N2 )creatinine to the serum sample; ion exchange
      chromatography on the cation exchange resin AG 50W-X2; formation of the
      trimethylsilyl derivative; gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS);
      selected ion monitoring (SIM) at the m/z-values 329 and 332; calculation of the
      amount of creatinine in the serum sample from the isotope ratio, as measured by
      GC-MS. [13C,15N2]Creatinine was prepared by chemical synthesis. The substance is
      then used as internal standard for the measurement of creatinine in serum
      samples. The imprecision of the method was in the range from 0.35 to 1.05%
      (coefficient of variation) as determined by repetitive measurements of creatinine
      in 13 different control sera on different occasions. The lower limit of detection
      of the mass spectrometer in the selected ion monitoring mode is about 0.5 ng
      creatinine with a signal to noise ratio of 3:1 The accuracy of the method is
      achieved by the use of the isotope dilution principle in combination with GC-MS.
      In view of the high specificity and exact control of recovery, the procedure for
      the measurement of creatinine in human serum, as described here, may be
      considered as a definitive method in clinical chemistry.

PMID- 3889219
TI  - An enzymatic assay for monitoring serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine
      concentration of beta-lactam antibiotics.
AB  - August 29/October 24, 1984 An enzymatic assay for the determination of the
      concentrations of various beta-lactam antibiotics in serum, urine, and
      cerebrospinal fluid samples is described. Recently developed beta-lactam
      derivatives are used as competitive inhibitors of the breakdown of the labile
      coloured beta-lactam compound PADAC, which serves as the substrate for the
      various beta-lactamases. Under the conditions of the assay, there is effectively
      no interference due to the matrix. Moreover, the assay is not influenced by other
      antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, macrolides, ansamycines, tetracyclines,
      fusidic acid or fosfomycin. The C.V.s for within-run precision ranged from 3.7%
      to 4.4%, depending on the beta-lactam derivative. The sensitivity of the assay is
      at least comparable with that of conventional procedures. Excellent correlations
      were observed between the enzymatic and the microbiological procedures;
      correlation coefficients: r = 0.988 for 22 imipenem samples, r = 0.968 for 16
      cefotaxime samples, and r = 0.989 for 16 piperacillin samples routinely sent to
      our laboratory.

PMID- 3889220
TI  - Hospice care: not available to everyone.

PMID- 3889221
TI  - Mechanical failure of a mitral valve prosthesis: an unusual case of sudden
      unexpected death.
AB  - Sudden unexpected death caused by the failure of a cardiac valve prosthesis is a
      rare occurrence. A 45-year-old female suddenly died three years following mitral
      valve replacement for rheumatic mitral stenosis. At autopsy, death was determined
      to be due to a metallic fatigue of the mitral valve prosthesis.

PMID- 3889222
TI  - Evaluation of renal failure with ultrasound.

PMID- 3889223
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to rabbit brain acetylcholinesterase: selective enzyme
      inhibition, differential affinity for enzyme forms, and cross-reactivity with
      other mammalian cholinesterases.
AB  - Eleven unique monoclonal IgG antibodies were raised against rabbit brain
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7), purified to electrophoretic homogeneity
      by a two-step procedure involving immunoaffinity chromatography. The apparent
      dissociation constants of these antibodies for rabbit AChE ranged from about 10
      nM to more than 100 nM (assuming one binding site per catalytic subunit). Species
      cross-reactivity was investigated with crude brain extracts from rabbit, rat,
      mouse cat, guinea pig, and human. One antibody bound rabbit AChE exclusively;
      most bound AChE from three or four species; two bound enzyme from all species
      tested. Identical, moderate affinity for rat and mouse brain AChE was displayed
      by two antibodies; two others were able to distinguish between these similar
      antigens. Nine of the antibodies had lowered affinity for AChE in the presence of
      1 M NaCl, but two were salt resistant. Analysis of mutual interferences in AChE
      binding suggested that certain of the antibodies were competing for nearby
      epitopes on the AChE surface. One antibody was a potent AChE inhibitor (IC50 =
      10(-8) M), blocking up to 90% of the enzyme activity. Most of the antibodies were
      less able to bind the readily soluble AChE of detergent-free brain extracts than
      the AChE which required detergent for solubilization. The extreme case, an
      antibody that was unable to recognize nearly half of the "soluble" AChE, was
      suspected of lacking affinity for the hydrophilic enzyme form.

PMID- 3889224
TI  - "Depressive pseudodementia" or "Melancholic dementia": a 19th century view.
AB  - Nineteenth century views on the interaction between dementia, depressive illness,
      general paralysis and brain localisation are discussed in the context of a book
      by A Mairet entitled: Melancholic Dementia. It is shown that by 1883 there was
      already awareness of the fact that severe affective disorder could lead to
      cognitive impairment. General paralysis was the commonest diagnosis put forward
      to account for patients with depression who went on to develop dementia. Patients
      so diagnosed, however, often recovered and clinical and statistical analysis of
      Mairet's case histories suggests that some were in fact suffering from depressive
      pseudodementia. Evidence is marshalled to show that during the 19th century there
      was wide disagreement concerning the clinical domain, course and even
      histopathology of general paralysis. This casts doubt on the traditional view
      that this condition served as "a paradigm" for other psychiatric diseases during
      this period. It is shown that by the turn of the century these difficulties led
      to a redefinition of the concept of dementia and to a marked narrowing of the
      clinical bounds of general paralysis.

PMID- 3889225
TI  - Protection of respiration of a crude mitochondrial preparation in cerebral
      ischaemia by control of blood glucose.
AB  - There is evidence that systemic hyperglycaemia influences the evolution of
      cerebral ischaemia adversely, through enhancement of brain lactic acidosis. A
      potential protective regimen based on induction of mild hypoglycaemia with
      insulin was therefore studied. Respiratory control in brain mitochondria prepared
      from the ischaemic hemisphere of rats subjected to unilateral common carotid
      artery occlusion for one hour was abolished, but was partially preserved in
      insulin-treated rats (p = 0.01).

PMID- 3889226
TI  - Biologicals and biological response modifiers: design of clinical trials.

PMID- 3889227
TI  - Biological effects of White-type polysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria.
AB  - The White-type polysaccharide (WPS), often called Freeman polysaccharide, was
      obtained by hydrolyzing gram-negative bacteria in 0.2 N acetic acid at 100
      degrees C for 2 h. The crude product contained partially degraded O-antigens as
      well as other components that were active as immune adjuvants, enhancers of
      macrophage cytotoxicity of tumor target cells, and inducers of osteoclastic bone
      resorption. The same WPS preparation augmented the tumor cytotoxicity of normal
      mouse spleen cells and slightly retarded the take of L1210 leukemia in mice. The
      WPS preparations generated colony-stimulating factor in mice but were not active
      in lymphoproliferative (mitogenicity) tests. Chemical analyses of the WPS
      preparations did not detect the presence of components characteristic of the
      lipid moiety of endotoxins. The WPS samples were also negative in biological
      assays of endotoxicity such as local Shwartzman and toxicity tests. These
      findings indicate that gram-negative bacteria contain nonendotoxin components
      that are potent modifiers of some biological responses.

PMID- 3889228
TI  - Homoharringtonine as a new antileukemic agent.

PMID- 3889229
TI  - Homoharringtonine: an effective new drug for remission induction in refractory
      nonlymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Homoharringtonine (HHT) is a new plant alkaloid originally isolated in the
      People's Republic of China. Preliminary studies have suggested antitumor activity
      in several neoplastic diseases. We treated 49 patients with relapsed or resistant
      acute leukemia with escalating doses of homoharringtonine administered by
      continuous infusion. Three dose levels were examined: 5 mg/m2 for seven days, 7
      mg/m2 for seven days, and 5 mg/m2 for nine days. Of 28 patients with acute
      nonlymphoblastic leukemia who received cumulative doses of 45 to 49 mg/m2, seven
      patients (25%) achieved complete remission. Four of these remissions occurred in
      a subset of ten patients previously resistant to two or more induction attempts
      with conventional chemotherapy. There were no remissions in three patients with
      secondary leukemia or in seven patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
      Reversible hypotension, fluid retention, diarrhea, and tumor lysis syndrome were
      the major toxic effects of this treatment. Our results indicate that
      homoharringtonine is an effective new drug for the treatment of acute
      nonlymphoblastic leukemia and that this drug does not share cross-resistance with
      conventional antileukemic agents. The recommended dose is 5 mg/m2/d administered
      by continuous infusion for nine days.

PMID- 3889230
TI  - A randomized trial of adjuvant chemotherapy in head and neck cancer.
AB  - Ninety-five patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were
      entered into a randomized study testing a two-week course of induction
      chemotherapy with methotrexate and leucovorin given prior to regional therapy. In
      addition, following regional therapy, patients randomized to chemotherapy were to
      receive similar methotrexate courses every three months for one year. Poor
      tolerance to this regimen after radiation and surgery led to a change in the
      chemotherapy following regional therapy to a combination of Adriamycin (Adria
      Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio) and cisplatin every three weeks for four cycles
      after the first 35 patients had been entered. Nine cases were ineligible and four
      lacked any follow-up data, leaving 82 analyzable cases. Using Cox regression
      analysis, no differences in the percentage of patients achieving disease control,
      the relapse-free survival, or the overall survival were identified between any
      treatment group. As has been described in many pilot studies of induction
      chemotherapy of head and neck cancer, chemotherapy responders had a more
      favorable disease-free survival than chemotherapy nonresponders in the total
      group of patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. However, correcting for
      imbalances in the expected three year disease-free survival of these patients,
      based on their disease site and stage, erased this difference, indicating tumor
      response to this regimen of chemotherapy is not an independent factor affecting
      disease outcome. The division of patients into arbitrary prognostic categories
      based on the expected outcome for each specific tumor site and stage proved to be
      a useful method for balancing treatment groups, given the multiple site-stage
      combinations within the upper aerodigestive tract. The defined prognostic
      categories were the single most sensitive predictors of relapse-free and overall
      survival.

PMID- 3889232
TI  - Studies on tensile bond strength tests for dental cements. Relationship between
      measurement conditions and tensile bond strength.

PMID- 3889231
TI  - Vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein in human brain tumors.
AB  - Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique, we examined 35 primary brain
      tumors for expression of vimentin and GFAP. Both low-grade and high-grade
      astrocytomas contained vimentin-positive and GFAP-positive cells. Ependymomas
      also stained for both markers. In gliosarcomas, the glioblastomatous portions
      stained like astrocytomas, while only vimentin stain was seen in the
      fibrosarcomatous portions. Medulloblastomas and oligodendrogliomas were negative
      for both vimentin and GFAP, while meningiomas contained scattered areas of
      vimentin-positive cells. These results suggest that the expression of vimentin
      and GFAP is mostly confined to glial-derived tumors, and that vimentin can
      potentially be a useful marker for distinguishing undifferentiated GFAP-negative
      glial tumors and mesenchymal tumors from primitive neuroectodermal tumors.

PMID- 3889233
TI  - Immunohistochemical and lectin histochemical studies on the lymphoepithelial cyst
      of the oral cavity and neck.

PMID- 3889234
TI  - A ten year case report--the subperiosteal implant for the atrophied mandible.

PMID- 3889235
TI  - Effect of ethanol on droplet size, efficiency of delivery, and clearance
      characteristics of technetium-99m DTPA aerosol.
AB  - With recent technical advances in aerosol technology, the study of regional
      ventilation using [99mTc]DTPA aerosol has become increasingly popular. Using a
      cascade impactor, we have assessed droplet size distribution from a newly
      designed nebulizer. Delivery efficiency of [99mTc]DTPA aerosol to normal subjects
      was improved 70% with a 10% concentration of ethanol in the nebulizer. Using
      filter paper fixed to the delivery end of the aerosol device, and varying ethanol
      concentrations from 0-10%, an 87% increase of deposited radioactivity is
      measured. Use of higher concentration of ethanol to the nebulizer solution did
      not further improve delivery efficiency. The addition of ethanol did not alter
      clearance characteristics of [99mTc]DTPA from the lung nor did it affect droplet
      size distribution.

PMID- 3889236
TI  - Quantitative evaluation of differential renal function: a new approach.
AB  - A simple method is presented for quantitating the relative contribution of left
      and right kidneys to the total bladder activity observed in a [99mTc]DTPA
      renogram. The method is shown to be useful in identifying ureteral obstruction.

PMID- 3889237
TI  - Retrenchment. How nurse executives cope.
AB  - Changing economic, technicologic, and political conditions have created the need
      for readjustments in the number of nursing personnel employed by hospitals. The
      authors examined how nurse executives conducted themselves and managed their
      personnel during layoffs.

PMID- 3889239
TI  - Digestion and absorption of lipids in poultry.
AB  - Ingested lipids undergo intestinal emulsification, digestion, micellar
      solubilization, cell membrane permeation, intracellular esterification and
      incorporation into lipoproteins before release to the interstitial fluid. Bile
      salts secretion, essential to both emulsification and micelle formation in the
      intestine, has been found to be influenced by quantity and quality of dietary
      lipids and by other emulsifiers. Modifications of dietary lipid contents cause
      changes in pancreatic lipase content and secretion. Colipase secretion by the
      pancreas seems dependent on both lipid and protein intakes. Intracellular
      processes essential for lipid absorption increases in rate as lipid intake
      increases. Bile salts seem to play important roles as moderators of these
      processes. The ability to digest lipids is not fully developed in the newly
      hatched poultry. Addition of bile salts, lipase or phospholipids to chick diets
      improves the digestibility of animal fats, demonstrating that lipid digestive
      processes are not fully functional in the very young. Physiological studies
      support these indications. Lipase concentration in pancreatic tissue and
      intestinal contents of poultry increases several-fold during the first few weeks
      after hatch. Similar changes with age have been observed in bile salt secretion.
      The development in enterocytes of fatty acid-binding protein activity seems to
      parallel the development in lipase activity and bile salt secretion in poultry.

PMID- 3889238
TI  - Effects of diet and selected hormones on the activities of hepatic malic enzyme
      and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in infant, prematurely weaned rats.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were weaned on postnatal d 17 to isocaloric diets in
      which fat supplied either 10% (PWC group) or 65% (PWF group) of the available
      energy. Compared with animals left with the dams to be weaned spontaneously to
      the maternal low fat diet (SWC group), the PWC rats showed early increases in the
      activities of liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and malic enzyme
      (ME). The activity of G-6-PD was diminished in the PWF group, but the early rise
      in liver ME activity attendant on premature weaning was not prevented. Premature
      weaning, regardless of diet, decreased plasma glucagon levels within 1 d.
      Hydrocortisone failed to evoke hepatic ME activity in SWC rats; similarly,
      corticosterone and insulin, separately or together, did not affect ME activity in
      SWC rats. However, triiodothyronine evoked hepatic ME appearance within 1 d.
      Glucagon suppressed the expected rise in hepatic ME activity in PWC rats; in
      contrast, injection of glucagon antiserum into SWC rats led to the appearance of
      liver ME within 2 d. The data indicated that interaction among diet, glucagon and
      thyroid hormones may be part of the mechanism regulating the first appearance of
      ME in rat liver.

PMID- 3889240
TI  - Development and adaptation of protein digestion.
AB  - Protein digestion is a complex process in which most aspects have a developmental
      pattern of activity. Gastric pH and intestinal peptide and amino acid transport
      as well as the activities of pepsinogen, trypsin, chymotrypsin, enterokinase and
      intestinal dipeptidases vary during development. No one species has been assessed
      for all these aspects and it is not possible to present an integrated
      developmental view of protein digestion. The following developmental changes,
      however, have been observed. Gastric pH declines, and peptic and pancreatic
      proteases exhibit increasing activity in pigs and rats after birth. The increase
      in pigs is gradual over several weeks starting at birth, whereas the increases in
      the rat begin at 2 wk, just prior to the time of weaning. The activities of
      dipeptidases in the rat and pig, peptide transport systems in the guinea pig and
      rabbit and amino acid transport systems in the rat, rabbit, guinea pig and
      chicken, however, appear (with few exceptions) to be active in the small
      intestine at the time of birth. Frequently, these activities peak in the neonate
      and decline during the postnatal period. In the rat, dietary protein tends to
      increase the activities of pancreatic proteases and intestinal peptidases and to
      increase the rate of uptake of amino acids by the intestinal epithelium.
      Individual dietary amino acids also influence amino acid transport systems. The
      data indicate that most processes in protein digestion undergo marked changes
      during prenatal and postnatal development and are influenced by the level of
      feeding and composition of the diet.

PMID- 3889241
TI  - Dietary self-selection patterns of rats with mild diabetes.
AB  - Rats were allowed a free selection of a diet from among separate sources of
      protein, fat and carbohydrate or were fed a composite diet formulated to
      approximate the nutrient composition of a commonly used nonpurified diet.
      Immediately after streptozotocin injections, diabetic rats displayed polyuria,
      polydipsia and glycosuria as well as elevated fasting plasma glucose levels and
      glucose intolerance indicative of mild diabetes. Diabetic rats allowed a free
      choice tended to consume more protein and consumed significantly less
      carbohydrate than nondiabetics. This pattern of nutrient choice was associated
      with a reduction of diabetic signs including reduced polyuria, polydipsia and
      glycosuria. Diabetic rats permitted to choose their diets were not hyperphagic
      and maintained a slow but steady rate of body weight gain, accompanied by a
      sparing of body fat stores. In contrast, diabetic rats consuming the composite
      diet experienced no improvement in diabetic status; these rats displayed a
      deterioration of fasting plasma glucose, severe polydipsia, polyuria and
      glycosuria as well as hyperphagia and wasting of fat stores. These data
      demonstrate that when mildly diabetic rats are given the opportunity to select
      their own diets, they choose a diet that leads to improvement of their diabetic
      status.

PMID- 3889242
TI  - The inverted L osteotomy for treatment of skeletal open-bite deformities.
AB  - Numerous surgical procedures have been proposed for the correction of the
      skeletal open-bite deformity. Mandibular ramus procedures have not been uniformly
      successful due to the amount of observed relapse in both the horizontal and
      vertical dimensions. The authors studied 20 patients who underwent correction of
      an open-bite deformity using the inverted L ramus osteotomy technique. Results
      indicated that this procedure may have more stability in both the horizontal and
      vertical dimensions than previously reported ramus procedures.

PMID- 3889243
TI  - Alternative donor sites for maxillary bone grafts.

PMID- 3889244
TI  - [Carcinogenesis following radiotherapy of benign head and neck diseases].

PMID- 3889245
TI  - The distribution of cathepsin B in human tissues.
AB  - Cathepsin B is a lysosomal enzyme of importance in many physiological and
      pathological processes. Its distribution in human tissues was studied by an
      indirect immunoperoxidase method. Cathepsin B was demonstrated in macrophages,
      hepatocytes, renal tubules, gastrointestinal epithelium and fibroblasts,
      confirming previous studies. It was demonstrated for the first time by
      immunohistology in several other tissues, especially stratified squamous
      epithelium, transitional epithelium, salivary glands, pancreas, central and
      peripheral neuronal cell bodies, trophoblast and all endocrine organs. Widespread
      distribution of cathepsin B has been postulated several times but this is the
      fullest evidence that the enzyme indeed occurs in many organs. In pathology
      cathepsin B has so far been thought to be involved in demyelination, emphysema,
      rheumatoid arthritis and neoplastic infiltration.

PMID- 3889246
TI  - Cell proliferation within Bowman's capsule in mice.
AB  - Crescentic glomerulonephritis in man, irrespective of aetiology, indicates severe
      glomerular damage and carries a poor prognosis. The importance of the presence of
      macrophages in the development of glomerular crescents is well established, but
      the contribution of cellular proliferation in both macrophages and epithelial
      cells has received little attention. The purpose of this investigation was to
      develop a model of crescentic glomerulonephritis in mice, which will be suitable
      for cell kinetic studies. Preliminary studies are described, involving
      immunization with rabbit anti-mouse glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antiserum
      after pre-immunization with rabbit immunoglobulin G, both with and without
      treatment with a fibrinolytic inhibitor, Cyklokapron. Extensive glomerular
      damage, with crescent formation, was induced with four daily intravenous
      injections of rabbit anti-mouse GBM antiserum, after pre-immunization with rabbit
      IgG. The effect was shown to be dose dependent and was seen within 3 days of the
      last injection. Linear deposits of rabbit IgG were detected in all glomeruli by
      immunofluorescence and both linear and granular deposits of mouse IgG were also
      found. There was a significant increase in glomerular size and in the numbers of
      cells in Bowman's capsule (P less than 0.01), and increases in mitotic indices to
      0.8 per cent were seen by day 13.

PMID- 3889247
TI  - Involucrin, a marker of squamous and urothelial differentiation. An
      immunohistochemical study on its distribution in normal and neoplastic tissues.
AB  - Involucrin is a soluble protein precursor of the cross-linked envelope present in
      the submembranous zone of human stratum corneum, and subsequently demonstrated in
      stratified squamous epithelia. The immunoperoxidase technique was used to assess
      the distribution of involucrin in 107 normal and 318 abnormal tissues. With few
      exceptions, involucrin was restricted to squamous epithelia, urothelium, some
      skin appendages and thymic Hassall's corpuscles. In normal squamous epithelium
      and normal urothelium, staining was most intense in the superficial layers where
      it was concentrated at the cell periphery and gradually decreased toward the
      basal layer. This orderly staining pattern was maintained in benign squamous and
      urothelial lesions and in grade I papillary urothelial carcinomas. Higher grade
      papillary urothelial carcinomas, infiltrating urothelial and squamous carcinomas,
      and in situ urothelial and squamous carcinomas demonstrated abnormal staining
      patterns for involucrin that are described. Foci of squamous differentiation in
      adenocarcinomas and other epithelial malignancies stained intensely for
      involucrin. Brenner tumours of the ovary and Walthard rests of the fallopian
      tube, lesions of uncertain histogenesis but possibly urothelial-related, also
      stained for involucrin. Results of this study suggest that involucrin is a
      sensitive and specific marker for squamous and urothelial differentiation,
      staining patterns for involucrin may be helpful in distinguishing benign from
      malignant urothelial and squamous lesions, and presence of involucrin may be
      helpful in determining the histogenesis of selected lesions.

PMID- 3889248
TI  - Long-term sequelae of group B streptococcal meningitis in infants.
AB  - The long-term outcome and admission features predictive of outcome were
      determined for 61 patients with group B streptococcal meningitis treated between
      1974 and 1979. Infection was rapidly fatal in 13 patients (21%). Among the 48
      survivors, 38 (79%) 3 years of age or older were available for comprehensive
      evaluation. Excluding five who had died before age 3 years, the mean age at
      evaluation was 6.0 years (range 3.3 to 9.0 years). Among survivors, 11 (29%) had
      severe neurologic sequelae, eight (21%) had mild to moderate deficits, and 19
      (50%) were functioning normally. Analysis of predictive features revealed a
      significant risk of death or severe impairment among infants who at hospital
      admission were comatose or semicomatose, had decreased perfusion, total
      peripheral WBC less than 5,000/mm3, absolute neutrophil count less than 1000/mm3,
      and CSF protein greater than 300 mg/dl (P less than or equal to 0.05). These data
      indicate that, although mortality from group B streptococcal meningitis has
      declined, approximately half of the survivors of acute infection have some degree
      of morbidity when evaluated at ages permitting the detection of language delay
      and borderline or mild mental retardation.

PMID- 3889249
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance: an overview of its spectroscopic and imaging
      applications in pediatric patients.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) is a technique that permits the noninvasive evaluation of
      morphologic features and function based on the distribution of protons and other
      selected elements. We present a basic description of MR and illustrate both 31P
      MR spectroscopy and proton imaging applications in pediatric patients. The
      applications of these techniques are diverse, and are presented concisely in an
      attempt to give pediatricians an overview of this new technology and its
      potential role in patient management.

PMID- 3889250
TI  - Streptococcal pharyngitis: optimal site for throat culture.

PMID- 3889251
TI  - Sequelae of early-onset group B hemolytic streptococcal neonatal meningitis.

PMID- 3889252
TI  - Management of acute pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis: a critical
      appraisal.
AB  - Optimal management of acute exacerbations of pulmonary symptoms in patients with
      cystic fibrosis remains questionable. The underlying cause of such exacerbations
      has not been identified, and the microbiology of the sputum does not differ
      substantially during these exacerbations. Despite the absence of conclusive
      evidence that antibiotic therapy enhances treatment of cystic fibrosis, the
      consensus favors its use. Various combination and single-agent therapies with
      aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, and beta-lactam antibiotics are reviewed
      critically. The importance of high activity against Pseudomonas strains is
      addressed, as is the potential value of antibiotic prophylaxis. The drawbacks of
      aminoglycoside treatment are reported. No evidence proves the superiority of
      combination therapy over monotherapy. Recent results suggesting the effectiveness
      of monotherapy with piperacillin or ceftazidime are encouraging and deserve
      follow-up to test continued efficacy and the absence of development of resistant
      antibiotic strains. Further investigation into the prevention of acute pulmonary
      exacerbations in cystic fibrosis is essential.

PMID- 3889253
TI  - Management in the febrile, neutropenic patient with cancer: therapeutic
      considerations.
AB  - Infection is the principal cause of death in neutropenic children and adults with
      neoplastic diseases. Various antibiotic regimens have been studied in clinical
      trials in an attempt to reduce this mortality. Recent trials have compared newer
      combinations of antibacterial agents (double beta-lactams) or monotherapy with
      the standard aminoglycoside-beta-lactam combinations. No significant differences
      are demonstrated in these trials with regard to efficacy. Emphasis has been on
      the reduction of toxicity. Although nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and hypokalemia
      have been of concern in the past and continue to be important, newer problems
      have emerged that involve disorders of coagulation, for example, prolongation of
      prothrombin time, disorders of platelet function, and clinical bleeding.
      Superinfection and the emergence of resistance during therapy have also been
      problematic. Cost must be considered an important factor in determining the
      selection of an antibacterial regimen. The combination of an aminoglycoside and a
      beta-lactam antibiotic remains the standard against which future combinations or
      monotherapy must be judged in clinical trials involving the febrile, neutropenic
      patient with cancer.

PMID- 3889254
TI  - Antimicrobial therapy of bacterial sepsis in the newborn infant.
AB  - Septicemia continues to be an important cause of neonatal morbidity and
      mortality. The bacteria most commonly responsible are group B beta-hemolytic
      streptococci and Escherichia coli, but regional differences exist. Recently
      sepsis caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis has occurred with increasing
      frequency in several neonatal intensive care units. Other organisms are less
      commonly responsible. The choice of antibiotics for suspected sepsis is based on
      the possible organisms involved and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns,
      which vary from hospital to hospital and at different times in the same hospital.
      Currently recommended initial therapy consists of a penicillin and an
      aminoglycoside, usually ampicillin and gentamicin. The addition of vancomycin is
      indicated when staphylococcal septicemia is suspected. During outbreaks of
      neonatal sepsis caused by aminoglycoside-resistant gram-negative bacteria, the
      use of third-generation cephalosporins or acylaminopenicillins may be
      appropriate, depending on the results of susceptibility tests. Continuing efforts
      to develop antibiotics for the treatment of neonatal sepsis are warranted.

PMID- 3889255
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of extended-spectrum penicillins in infants and children.
AB  - Compared with previously available penicillins, piperacillin, azlocillin, and
      mezlocillin have increased activity in vitro against gram-negative bacilli. After
      intravenous administration of conventional doses (50 to 100 mg/kg) in children,
      peak concentrations of these drugs are approximately 70 to 350 micrograms/ml. For
      piperacillin, azlocillin, and mezlocillin, the half-lives during the beta
      elimination phase (t 1/2 beta) are approximately 0.5 to 0.75, 0.8 to 1.7, and 0.8
      to 1.0 hours, respectively. In patients receiving the higher dosage, particularly
      of azlocillin, the t 1/2 beta may be prolonged by approximately 20%. A total
      daily dosage of 300 mg/kg or 9 gm/m2 given in four to six divided dosages should
      produce peak concentrations of approximately 150 micrograms/ml, and
      concentrations greater than 16 micrograms/ml for at least 2 hours after each
      administration. Lower daily dosages are needed in neonates, but precise dosage
      recommendations cannot be made at this time. Only approximately 60% of
      piperacillin and approximately 45% of azlocillin are eliminated unchanged in the
      urine; thus only modest dosage reductions are needed in patients with decreased
      renal function. In children, adverse effects have been infrequent.

PMID- 3889256
TI  - Maintenance of upper airway patency.

PMID- 3889257
TI  - Penicillin plus rifampin eradicates pharyngeal carriage of group A streptococci.
AB  - We evaluated the efficacy of rifampin in eradicating chronic pharyngeal carriage
      of group A streptococci. Carriers were defined as healthy children whose throat
      cultures showed persistence of group A streptococci 3 weeks after receiving
      benzathine penicillin G intramuscularly. Subsequent M and T typing of group A
      streptococcal isolates and limited serologic studies confirmed that enrolled
      patients were carriers. Thirty-eight carriers (37 completed the study) were
      randomly assigned to three groups: group 1 (13 patients) received no treatment;
      group 2 (10) received benzathine penicillin intramuscularly; group 3 (14)
      received benzathine penicillin intramuscularly plus rifampin orally (10 mg/kg
      twice a day for eight doses). Throat cultures were obtained every 3 weeks for at
      least 9 weeks. Group 2 and 3 patients who still had positive cultures 3 weeks
      after treatment were crossed to the opposite group. Cultures became negative in
      93% (13 of 14) of patients in group 3, compared with 23% in group 1 and 30% in
      group 2 (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.01, respectively). Including
      patients crossed over, the penicillin plus rifampin regimen was effective in 17
      (89%) of 19 treatment courses and was significantly superior to no therapy or to
      penicillin alone (P less than 0.0005 and P less than 0.005, respectively). We
      conclude that rifampin plus benzathine penicillin intramuscularly is an effective
      regimen for those selected patients in whom eradication of group A streptococcal
      carriage is judged to be desirable.

PMID- 3889258
TI  - Controlled trial of furosemide therapy in infants with chronic lung disease.
AB  - To study the effects of furosemide therapy in infants with chronic lung disease
      (CLD), a double-blind controlled trial was designed. Seventeen infants with
      evidence of CLD (oxygen requirements greater than 30% at greater than 3 weeks of
      age and chest radiographic findings consistent with CLD) were studied. Pulmonary
      function was measured immediately before, and after 48 hours and 7 days of
      treatment with furosemide (1 mg/kg/12 hr intravenously or 2 mg/kg/12 hr orally)
      or placebo. Clinical status improved in six of seven infants who received
      furosemide and in two of 10 infants who received placebo (P less than 0.002). In
      the furosemide group, ventilator and oxygen requirements decreased (P less than
      0.003); minute ventilation, alveolar ventilation, and dynamic compliance
      increased; and venous admixture decreased (P less than 0.05). There were no
      significant changes in the placebo group. Our findings suggest that furosemide
      significantly improves lung function during therapy in infants with CLD and
      allows earlier weaning from ventilatory support and supplemental oxygen.

PMID- 3889259
TI  - Exogenous human surfactant for treatment of severe respiratory distress syndrome:
      a randomized prospective clinical trial.
AB  - We performed a randomized, prospective clinical trial comparing intratracheal
      administration of human surfactant with conventional treatment with intermittent
      mandatory mechanical ventilation alone for treatment of severe respiratory
      distress syndrome in preterm infants of less than 30 weeks gestation. Twenty-two
      infants (mean gestational age 27.0 weeks, mean birth weight 987 gm) were given
      surfactant, and 23 infants (mean gestational age 27.2 week, mean birth weight
      1055 gm) received intermittent mandatory ventilation. Infants given surfactant
      required less FiO2 during the first week, had lower mean airway pressure during
      the first 48 hours, and had improved ventilatory index and a/A PO2 ratio. Death
      or the occurrence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was significantly less among
      infants given surfactant (P = 0.019). Pneumothorax, pulmonary interstitial
      emphysema, and need for FiO2 greater than or equal to 0.3 for greater than 30
      days was significantly less in the surfactant group. This trial confirms the
      efficacy of treatment with human surfactant in preterm infants with severe
      respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 3889260
TI  - Absorption, dosage, and effect on mineral homeostasis of 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol in premature infants: comparison with 400 and 800 IU
      vitamin D2 supplementation.
AB  - Because the efficiency of vitamin D absorption or hepatic uptake and 25
      hydroxylation appears decreased in very premature infants, the routine use of 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3) supplementation has been suggested. Absorption
      studies of a 3 micrograms/kg orally administered dose of 25-OHD3 showed peak
      serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and -vitamin D3 (25-OHD) concentrations at 4 to 8
      hours similar in timing but of lesser magnitude to those seen in adults.
      Administration of 1 microgram/kg birth weight/day of 25-OHD3 corrected moderately
      low, but not very low serum (25-OHD) concentrations, and 2 micrograms/kg BW/day
      resulted in rapid and sustained increase in serum 25-OHD. Administration of 800
      IU ergocalciferol (D2) also produced significantly higher serum 25-OHD
      concentrations than those in infants given 400 IU vitamin D2, but increases in
      serum 25-OHD were more gradual than in infants given 25-OHD3. In treatment trials
      with infants weighing less than 1500 gm, those given 800 IU D2, compared with
      those given 400 IU D2, had higher serum calcium concentrations and less frequent
      moderate or severe hypomineralization. Infants given 2 micrograms/kg BW 25-OHD3
      had a significant increase in serum phosphorus values, but a decrease in serum
      calcium and magnesium concentrations, and parathyroid hormone also was suppressed
      to low normal values. The frequency of moderate to severe hypomineralization
      remained the same as in infants given 400 IU D2. In a subgroup of infants, serum
      1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was elevated over adult values, both in infants given 25
      OHD3 (68.5 +/- 8.4 pg/ml) and in infants given vitamin D2 (60 +/- 6.7 pg/ml).
      Serum vitamin D concentrations were undetectable in four of six infants receiving
      25-OHD3, but were elevated (5 to 31 ng/ml) in four infants receiving vitamin D2.
      Although 800 to 1000 IU D2 can be recommended as routine vitamin D
      supplementation in very premature infants fed standard formula, the use of 25
      OHD3 requires further study.

PMID- 3889261
TI  - Similar hematologic changes in children receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
      or amoxicillin for otitis media.
AB  - We report the hematologic changes in 90 black children who were randomized to
      receive a 10-day course of either trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) or
      amoxicillin as therapy for acute otitis media. Absolute neutrophil counts less
      than 1500/mm3 developed at least once during the 23-day evaluation in 28 (57%) of
      the 49 children given TMP-SMZ and in 22 (54%) of the 41 who received amoxicillin.
      Incidence of leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia was negligible in both
      groups. Pancytopenia did not occur in any child. Absolute neutrophil counts had
      increased to greater than 1500/mm3 by the end of the study period in all of the
      patients but six, whose recovery required an additional 1 to 63 days. Decreased
      neutrophil counts in antibiotic-treated subjects remained within the range of
      findings for healthy black children, suggesting that a count less than 1500/mm3
      may be an inappropriate criterion for an adverse drug effect. Neither TMP-SMZ nor
      amoxicillin produced hematologic effects that would detract from their continued
      use in children with infections caused by antibiotic-susceptible organisms.

PMID- 3889262
TI  - Presidential address. Parasitology: retrospect and prospect.

PMID- 3889263
TI  - The Henry Baldwin Ward Medal acceptance speech.

PMID- 3889264
TI  - Infection of Aotus azarae boliviensis monkeys with different strains of
      Plasmodium vivax.
AB  - Sixty-seven splenectomized Aotus azarae boliviensis were infected with strains of
      Plasmodium vivax from Southeast Asia (2), New Guinea (2), North Korea (1), and
      Central America (3). Maximum parasitemias varied among the different strains,
      with the mean maximum parasitemia for the primary infection period being 16,200
      per mm3. Animals previously infected with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium
      malariae produced maximum parasitemias of 30,200 and 11,900 per mm3,
      respectively. Gametocytes infective to Anopheles freeborni mosquitoes were
      produced with 7 of the 8 strains examined.

PMID- 3889265
TI  - A method for isolation and purification of the sheath of microfilariae of Brugia
      malayi.

PMID- 3889266
TI  - Epikeratophakia in children with corneal lacerations.
AB  - Epikeratophakia grafts were used to optically correct aphakia in six children who
      suffered traumatic cataracts and corneal lacerations which were greater than 3 mm
      in length. The ages of the patients at the time of corneal laceration ranged from
      nine months to 3 3/12 years. Five of the six grafts were successful. The average
      increase in corneal curvature was 16.11 diopters with an average over-refraction
      of -0.73 diopters. The deprivation interval in the five children with successful
      grafts ranged from two months to two years, and the average visual acuity for the
      four verbal patients with successful grafts was 20/60. This series demonstrates
      that epikeratophakia grafts can be successfully applied to scarred and irregular
      corneas and may be superior to penetrating keratoplasty in some cases, because
      epikeratophakia allows for a prompt restoration of visual function.

PMID- 3889267
TI  - Functional disorders of the stomatognathic system: Part I--A review.

PMID- 3889268
TI  - The composition of subgingival microbiota in the mixed dentition as seen by phase
      contrast microscope.

PMID- 3889269
TI  - Effects of scaling and root planing on subgingival microbial proportions
      standardized in terms of their naturally occurring distribution.
AB  - This investigation included a cross-sectional component (284, 20-40-year-old
      subjects/568 sites) and a longitudinal component (19 subjects with moderate to
      advanced periodontitis/76 sites). Subgingival plaque samples and clinical data
      were obtained from all upper second bicuspids and first molars in the
      longitudinal subjects and from both upper first molars in the cross-sectional
      subjects. The purpose was to: determine/confirm changes in proportions of
      selected subgingival microorganisms following root planning combined with
      conventional oral hygiene procedures in the longitudinal subjects, evaluate those
      changes in terms of an estimate of the naturally occurring distribution of
      subgingival microorganisms based on data obtained from the cross-sectional
      subjects and relate shifts in the subgingival microorganisms to changes in
      clinical measurements. Changes following treatment at sites with pre
      instrumentation probing depths greater than or equal to 4.5 mm included cocci,
      18.3 to 46.9%; spirochetes, 20.9 to 3.1%; total motile organisms, 28.5 to 5.9%;
      Fusobacterium spp., 10.2 to 2.2%; and dark-pigmented Bacteroides spp., 14.0 to
      9.7%. Translating proportions of microorganisms in samples from subjects in the
      longitudinal treatment study to equivalent percentile ranks within the large
      cross-sectional data base demonstrated that at probing depths greater than or
      equal to 4.5 mm cocci moved from below the 50th percentile in our estimate of the
      naturally occurring distribution of subgingival microorganisms to above, and
      spirochetes, total motile organisms and Fusobacterium spp. moved from above the
      50th percentile to below. The microbiological findings were consistent with
      statistically significant improvements in clinical measurements. Statistically
      significant changes also occurred in microorganisms at sites with initial probing
      depths less than 4.5 mm.

PMID- 3889270
TI  - Flap technique for periodontal bone implants. Papilla preservation technique.
AB  - A new flap design for placement of implants into osseous defects has been
      described. The flap design can be used in anterior and posterior areas of human
      subjects. Photographs of representative cases are presented. Wound healing always
      occurred by primary intention and without evidence of immediate graft
      exfoliation. Interdental soft tissue craters did not develop, making it easier
      for patients to maintain optimal oral hygiene. This type of flap design can also
      be used without grafts in order to improve postoperative soft tissue contour.

PMID- 3889271
TI  - Dentinal sensation and hypersensitivity. A review of mechanisms and treatment
      alternatives.
AB  - Dentinal hypersensitivity has long been a dilemma of both dentists and patients.
      With teeth being maintained longer, there has been an increased demand placed
      upon the dentist to manage the sensitivity of cervically exposed dentin. There
      has been much written on this subject. The purpose of this review is to summarize
      the current concepts thought to be responsible in dentinal sensation, and to
      review and critique the various treatment modalities for dentinal
      hypersensitivity.

PMID- 3889272
TI  - Depression and evaluative schemata.
AB  - The evaluative tendencies of nondepressed, mildly depressed, and severely
      depressed individuals are examined in the areas of judgments of contingency,
      attributions of causality, expectancy estimates, and self-schemata/self
      reference. The available empirical literature in these four areas indicates that
      nondepressed people tend to exhibit positivistic evaluative responses, whereas
      mildly depressed persons tend to display unbiased (neither positivistic nor
      negativistic) evaluative response patterns. The available evidence is suggestive
      of negativistic evaluative tendencies in severely depressed individuals, with
      this bias being most clearly manifested in the area of self-schemata/self
      reference. These results are interpreted in terms of contemporary explanations of
      depression and recent advances in models of cognitive processing.

PMID- 3889273
TI  - [Cell wall proteins of Escherichia coli: a substance resembling the thermolabile
      enterotoxin (LT)].
AB  - In ultrasonic extracts of all 19 investigated non-enterotoxigenic E. coli strains
      a substance (LTLS) could be detected reacting positively in all tests which are
      commonly used to detect specifically E. coli thermolabile enterotoxin (LT).
      Culture supernatants of these strains in general did not contain LTLS in
      detectable amounts. LTLS can be found in the whole cell, however, the membrane
      fraction contains the highest quantities. Released LTLS appears mainly aggregated
      with components of the cell wall, especially with lipopolysaccharides. This fact
      in combination with the very low quantities produced by the bacteria renders very
      difficult purification of LTLS.

PMID- 3889274
TI  - Strategies in the design of solution-stable, water-soluble prodrugs III:
      influence of the pro-moiety on the bioconversion of 21-esters of corticosteroids.
AB  - Succinate esters and many other carboxylic acid esters utilized as water-soluble
      prodrugs have limited utility due to their aqueous solution instability. In an
      earlier study, a strategy for the design of solution-stable 21-carboxylic acid
      esters of corticosteroids was developed from a consideration of various physical
      organic factors which influence ester hydrolysis. Several 21-esters of
      methylprednisolone were synthesized, and their stability in aqueous solution was
      monitored to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. In this study, the
      bioconversion of representative examples of 21-esters of methylprednisolone
      exhibiting shelf lives of greater than or equal to 2 years at 25 degrees C was
      monitored to evaluate their utility as prodrugs in comparison to a commercially
      marketed sodium succinate ester. Ester hydrolysis studies conducted in human and
      rhesus monkey serum suggest that derivatives having an anionic solubilizing
      moiety (sulfonate or carboxylate) are not hydrolyzed in serum, while compounds
      having a cationic (tertiary amino) solubilizing moiety are hydrolyzed rapidly by
      serum esterases. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rhesus monkeys were also
      conducted to compare the bioconversion rates and overall bioavailability of
      several solution-stable prodrugs with the 21-succinate ester. Derivatives having
      solution stability exceeding 2 years at 25 degrees C with a faster bioconversion
      rate and an overall bioavailability equal to or higher than that of the succinate
      ester have been identified. Relative bioavailability appears to be highly
      sensitive to the charge of the solubilizing pro-moiety and pro-moiety chain
      length.

PMID- 3889275
TI  - Nasal delivery of polypeptides I: nasal absorption of enkephalins in rats.
AB  - The serum levels of two enkephalins after various routes of administration were
      compared in rats. The results indicated that serum levels of metkephamid after
      nasal administration were not significantly different than levels after
      intravenous injection. The oral administration of metkephamid resulted in
      undetectable serum levels. The effects of a promoter and variations in the
      peptide dose on nasal absorption were studied. Depending on the stability of the
      polypeptide and its susceptibility to enzymatic degradation, nasal absorption of
      peptides can be influenced by the presence of a promoting agent in the
      formulation. A linear relationship between the dose and the AUC was observed in
      the range of concentrations studied. The absorption mechanism appears to be
      passive diffusion. Microscopic examinations of nasal mucosa in rats revealed
      degrees of irritation which, considering the experimental exposure, were slight
      and probably repairable. The data indicate that enkephalins can be absorbed
      through the nasal mucosa into the systemic circulation, and the onset of
      absorption was rapid. Nasal administration may offer an attractive alternative
      for the delivery of proteins and/or polypeptides which are, in general, absorbed
      poorly when given orally.

PMID- 3889276
TI  - Detection and quantitation of low levels of protected and unprotected (R)-amino
      acids in the synthesis of thymopentin, an immunoregulatory peptide.
AB  - Two chiral chromatographic procedures (HPLC and capillary GC) were developed to
      monitor the extent of epimerization of protected and unprotected amino acids used
      in a synthesis of thymopentin, an immunoregulatory peptide currently in clinical
      trials. The capillary GC method allowed the detection of the (R)-enantiomer in
      the presence of the (S)-enantiomer at levels of greater than or equal to 0.2%,
      while the HPLC method allowed similar detection at levels of greater than or
      equal to 0.1%.

PMID- 3889277
TI  - Computer imaging and analysis of dopamine (D2) and serotonin (S2) binding sites
      in rat basal ganglia or neocortex labeled by [3H]spiroperidol.
AB  - The equilibrium properties, pharmacological specificity and regional distribution
      of serotonin (S2) and dopamine (D2) binding sites in coronal or horizontal rat
      brain sections labeled by [3H] spiroperidol were investigated by computer
      analysis of digitized autoradiographs. Domperidone or (+)-butaclamol displaced
      [3H] spiroperidol from the anterior caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, olfactory
      tubercle, claustrum, layer 5A of motor cortex and layer 1 of the anterior
      cingulate cortex (IC50 = 2-80 nM). Equilibrium saturation analysis of the (+)
      butaclamol-displaced binding of [3H]spiroperidol revealed higher binding
      affinities in the anterior caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens and olfactory
      tubercle (Kd = 0.16-0.32 nM) than in the claustrum or layer 5A of motor cortex
      (Kd = 1.5-1.9 nM). The [3H]spiroperidol binding displaced by (+)-butaclamol was
      resolved into a dopaminergic (D2) component, displaced by 100 microM 2-amino-6,7
      dihydroxytetrahydronapthalene or 10 microM (-)-sulpiride and a serotonergic (S2)
      component, displaced by 40 nM ketanserin or 100 nM methysergide. Methysergide or
      ketanserin displaced [3H]spiroperidol only from the caudal (peripallidal) caudate
      putamen, claustrum or layer 5A of motor cortex (IC50 = 2-14 nM), whereas the D2
      agonist 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxytetrahydronapthalene displaced [3H]spiroperidol from
      the caudate-putamen but not from cortex. The competition curve for 2-amino-6,7
      dihydroxytetrahydronapthalene displacement of [3H]spiroperidol binding to D2
      sites in the caudate-putamen was markedly biphasic and shifted to the right by
      the GTP analog, guanylimidodiphosphate. The D2 antagonist (+/-)- or (-)-sulpiride
      also displaced [3H]spiroperidol from the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle
      as well as from the caudate-putamen (IC50 values = 0.14 microM). In contrast, the
      butyrophenone derivative, spirodecanone, displaced with equal potency all
      [3H]spiroperidol from each of the six brain regions. Neither the alpha-1 receptor
      ligand prazosin nor the excitatory amino acid receptor ligands l-aspartate, l
      glutamate or dl-homocysteic acid displaced [3H]spiroperidol from any brain area.
      A 5-fold rostral-to-caudal gradient of decreasing S2 concentration was observed
      in neocortical layer 1 of horizontal sections. In the caudate-putamen, D2 density
      decreased by 30% rostrocaudally, whereas S2 sites were located mostly in the
      peripallidal caudate-putamen. The rostral-to-caudal gradients of D2 or S2 sites
      in the caudate-putamen correspond remarkably well with previously reported
      caudate-putamen concentration gradients for dopamine or serotonin, respectively.

PMID- 3889278
TI  - The relationship between open margins and margin designs on full cast crowns made
      by commercial dental laboratories.

PMID- 3889279
TI  - Improving the casting accuracy of fixed partial dentures.

PMID- 3889280
TI  - Particle-roughened resin-bonded retainers.

PMID- 3889281
TI  - Accuracy of four types of rubber impression materials compared with time of pour
      and a repeat pour of models.
AB  - The accuracy of four types of elastomeric impression materials was studied as a
      function of model location, time of pouring, and repetition of pouring. There was
      little change in dimension among abutment preparations for all materials, for all
      times of pour, and with a repeat pouring. It appears that measurements between
      posts are not sensitive to detecting differences between materials and that other
      dimensions should be examined to discern where differences might lie. The
      diameter of the stone post was larger than the standard for the AS and PS
      materials and was unchanged or smaller than the standard for the CS and the PE.
      The vertical dimensions of stone posts were, in general, shorter than the
      standard for all materials, with the AS demonstrating the smallest change. The AS
      and CS products demonstrated the best recovery from undercuts and the least
      change in dimensions between an initial and second pour of an impression. The AS
      and PE were the least affected with delays of 1, 4, and 24 hours in pouring the
      impression.

PMID- 3889282
TI  - Resistance to root fracture of dowel channels with various thicknesses of buccal
      dentin walls.
AB  - The significance of the amount of remaining buccal dentin plate of the dowel
      channel in resisting root fracture under horizontally directed load was
      investigated. Forty cast gold dowels and cores were made for four groups of dowel
      channels that had, respectively, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, and 1 mm with a 60-degree
      bevel (collar) of the remaining buccal dentin at the entrance of the canal. An
      Instron tester in compressive mode was used to produce the horizontal force.
      Although significant differences in the failure loads for the four groups were
      not found, dowel channels with 1 mm of remaining buccal dentin walls were
      apparently more prone to fracture under horizontal impact than those that had 2
      or 3 mm of buccal dentin walls. Contrary to popular belief, the addition of a
      metal collar did not enhance the resistance to root fracture.

PMID- 3889283
TI  - Fabrication of drop-cast aluminum cores.

PMID- 3889284
TI  - Relative shear bond strengths of luting media with various core materials.

PMID- 3889285
TI  - Comparison of bond strengths using one-step and two-step alloy etching
      techniques.

PMID- 3889286
TI  - Effect of etching and bonding on recurrent caries in teeth restored with
      composite resin.

PMID- 3889288
TI  - Difficult denture patients: observations and hypothesis.
AB  - The similarities between the HRC and the DDP have been presented. The HRC has
      been described by many investigators in the psychoanalytic literature.
      Indications are that both the HRC and the DDP are working through the same
      mechanism. The similarities are as follows: Both types of patients are driven by
      a need to seek treatment from someone they will ultimately reject. A self
      fulfilling prophecy develops as a cycle leading to failure. Due to lack of trust
      and a desire to feel important, the patient creates an atmosphere that leads to
      discord, hostility, anger, and frustration. Resultant discord leads to the
      establishment of a relationship that demands much time and energy from the
      helper. The helper is ultimately manipulated into a no-win situation that ends
      with the helper dismissing the patient, thereby completing the patient's self
      fulfilling prophecy. Recurrent stress in the patient's life recycles the drive
      force and the need for treatment and attention starts all over again. With
      greater understanding of the DDP's problems, management solutions could be
      formulated. Management techniques might include an initial interview with trust
      building strategies, the reassurance to the patient of the uniqueness of his
      situation to neutralize the need to create a crisis for his own identity; and
      challenges to point out the hopelessness of their position to activate the
      patient's need to prove the helper wrong. Finally, in addition to management of
      the patient, techniques can be developed to identify the DDP with HRC tendencies.
      Proper recognition and diagnosis before treatment begins can prevent many
      problems associated with these patients and prevent stress and discord for both
      dentist and patients.

PMID- 3889287
TI  - Review and survey of medicaments used with gingival retraction cords.
AB  - Data from a survey of 495 dentists indicate that most dentists used the
      mechanical-chemical method of gingival-deflection; 79.39% of those used cord
      containing epinephrine. It can be concluded that potentially significant amounts
      of epinephrine can be absorbed systemically from the local anesthetic solution,
      that secretion of endogenous epinephrine in response to stress occurs, often at
      levels sufficient to cause measurable changes in hemodynamic variables, and that
      absorption of epinephrine from impregnated strings occurs. The amount of
      absorption will vary with the exposure of the vascular bed, the length and
      concentration of the impregnated cord, and the length of time of application. It
      is possible that the actual total amount of circulating catecholamine would be
      cumulative, and the corresponding cardiovascular response would be related to the
      total amount of epinephrine in the bloodstream, regardless of the source. When
      the fact that we usually have inadequate data on the cardiovascular status of our
      patients is considered, as well as the tendency to make impressions of multiple
      prepared teeth, the continued use of epinephrine cord in dentistry must be viewed
      with alarm. Equally effective astringent gingival deflection agents such as alum,
      aluminum sulfate, and aluminum chloride exert no systemic effects. Therefore,
      there is little indication for use of epinephrine-containing retraction cords.
      Adequate medical evaluation, careful use of anesthetics that contain epinephrine,
      and sedative techniques when indicated will assure the safety of our patients.

PMID- 3889289
TI  - Effect of complete denture impression technique on the oral mucosa.

PMID- 3889290
TI  - Speech adaptation: an aerodynamic study of adults with a childhood history of
      articulation defects.
AB  - Three groups of subjects were studied; former lispers, persons with a history of
      /l/ or /r/ distortion, and normal subjects with no history of speech defects. All
      were normal-sounding adult speakers of English at the time of participation.
      Subjects were asked to wear an experimental removable dental prosthesis that
      provided 4 mm of thickness in the alveolar region. Measurements of oral air flow
      and intraoral pressure during the reading of sentence material were made, with
      the focus on the consonants /s/ and /t/. The sibilant /s/ was experienced as the
      greatest problem for speech adaptation, regardless of the type of former
      articulation defect. Both groups of subjects with a history of articulation
      defects showed evidence of slower adaptation and use of compensatory strategies
      for /s/. They tended as a group to have the same minimum airflow values for /s/
      after 2 weeks of practice speaking with the prosthesis as after 1 day of
      practice. Aerodynamic calculation of the size of the constriction for /s/ also
      showed little or no change for most of the former speech-defective subjects.
      Evidence based on intraoral pressure indicated that particular effort was
      expended for /s/ even after 2 weeks of practice in speaking with the prosthesis.

PMID- 3889291
TI  - Modified finish line in distal extension maxillary removable partial dentures.
AB  - Finish line modifications provide adjustability and facilitate relining in the
      hamular notch as changes in tissue contour dictate. Time problems and
      inconvenience of dealing with a metal-acrylic resin junction, are eliminated
      while necessary postinsertion procedures are accomplished. In addition, the
      acrylic resin denture base is retained securely to the metal framework for the
      entire length of the external finish line.

PMID- 3889292
TI  - A simplified alternative to the altered-cast impression technique for removable
      partial dentures.

PMID- 3889293
TI  - One-step border molding.

PMID- 3889294
TI  - Method for avoiding margin display on esthetic crowns.

PMID- 3889295
TI  - Evaluation of an improved centrifugal casting machine.
AB  - A Type III gold alloy, a silver-palladium alloy, and a base metal alloy were cast
      in two different centrifugal casting machines. With the number of complete cast
      mesh squares as an indicator of castability, the Airspin casting machine produced
      superior castings with all three alloys. The base metal alloy produced the
      greatest number of complete squares with both casting machines.

PMID- 3889296
TI  - Comparison of internal escape channels with die spacing and occlusal venting.
AB  - The effectiveness of the following procedures in improving the seating of full
      cast crowns were compared: internal escape channels, die spacing, occlusal
      venting, and a combination of die spacing with an escape channel. All techniques
      were shown to be similar in effectiveness. Die spacing produced the least
      consistent results. An internal escape channel, occlusal venting, die spacing, or
      a combination of an escape channel and die spacing did not influence the
      retention of full cast crowns.

PMID- 3889297
TI  - Crown retention and seating on natural teeth with a resin cement.

PMID- 3889298
TI  - Resin retention by immersion-etched alloy.
AB  - An immersion technique for etching a nonnoble alloy was described. Shear strength
      measurements were made to compare the bonding of composite luting cement to
      immersion-etched alloy and to alloy etched by the electrolytic process. The study
      showed that statistically significant differences in the retention of cement
      could not be attributed to the method of etching.

PMID- 3889299
TI  - Interface seal of incremental placement of visible light-cured composite resins.
AB  - An investigation was conducted to determine the quality of seal at the interface
      when a visible light-cured composite resin was placed and cured in increments.
      Five samples of each of the following composite materials were tested: Aurafill,
      Command, Command Ultrafine, Durafill, Prisma-Fil, and Silux. Samples of each
      material were placed in a thermocycling dye bath that contained a 0.5% aqueous
      solution of basic fuchsin dye for 25 hours. The samples were removed from the dye
      bath, rinsed, dried, and prepared for examination with a x25 microscope by two
      examiners. Neither examiner reported dye penetration at the interface of the
      materials tested. These findings effectively highlight the practicality of the
      incremental placement of light-cured composite resins.

PMID- 3889300
TI  - Cross-arch splinting with resin-bonded retainers.
AB  - The procedure described can provide innovative cross-arch splinting for patients.
      The longevity of resin-bonded restorations has not been determined, but the
      procedure is promising, economical, and reversible. These facts should be made
      available to patients during presentation of the treatment plan.

PMID- 3889301
TI  - Restoring abutment teeth with cast restorations to fit existing removable partial
      dentures.
AB  - A procedure to restore an abutment tooth with a complete cast crown to fit an
      existing RPD has been described.

PMID- 3889302
TI  - Endodontically treated teeth as abutments.

PMID- 3889303
TI  - Root fracture and the design of prefabricated posts.

PMID- 3889304
TI  - Crown repair with a cast post and core.
AB  - A technique to make a post and core pattern that can be used to save an existing
      crown has been presented. The technique should become an additional tool in the
      treatment armamentarium.

PMID- 3889305
TI  - Etched castings as an adjunct to mouth preparation for removable partial
      dentures.
AB  - Electrochemically etched nonprecious metal castings have been bonded to etched
      enamel for use in mouth preparation procedures for removable partial denture
      placement. The castings have been in service and subject to loading by the
      dentures for 26 to 42 months. To date, bond strengths have been sufficient to
      support function of both castings and removable partial dentures clinically. None
      of the castings has failed in its bond. Evidence that the technique may be a
      valuable adjunct is building in the field of prosthodontics. Use may be far
      reaching as dentists apply the concept to a wide variety of patient requirements
      in dental treatment. As more commercial dental laboratories acquire the
      capability to etch metals, cost should be minimized. Application is not time
      consuming. Some steps are technique-sensitive, however, and short cuts are not
      well tolerated. This is especially true of cementation procedures where moisture
      or contamination of the field may lead to failure of the bond. It should be noted
      that each nonprecious metal is different from other metals in its composition,
      and therefore, results and techniques reported in this study can only be cited
      for the metal used. In addition, the acid used for etching one alloy may not be
      effective on another alloy. Finally, it is important that all castings be checked
      under a binocular microscope to ensure that proper etching did occur.
      Underetching and overetching both lead to a weakened bond and potential failure.

PMID- 3889306
TI  - Clinical evaluation of removable partial denture rest seat adaptation.
AB  - The clinical relationship between the removable partial denture cast occlusal
      rest and the corresponding rest seat was examined. Under the conditions of the
      study, it was found that rests of mandibular Class I and II removable partial
      dentures fit significantly better than those of mandibular Class III and IV
      prostheses. No significant difference was noted between similar types of
      maxillary removable partial dentures in this regard. In evaluating the fit of
      specific portions of the occlusal rest, it was found that the marginal ridge zone
      was more closely adapted to the rest seat than other zones for all types of
      removable partial dentures. However, contact, as defined in this analysis, was
      found to exist on a random basis in all four quadrants of the occlusal rests
      evaluated. In spite of this fact, one fifth of the occlusal rests did not contact
      the opposing rest seat at any point. Improved fit with length of service was not
      substantiated by a cross-sectional analysis. Suggestions were made to assist the
      clinician in achieving a better fit between the framework and dentition in
      removable partial dentures.

PMID- 3889307
TI  - Wax base development for complete denture impressions.

PMID- 3889308
TI  - A laboratory study of changes in vertical dimension using a compression molding
      and a pour resin technique.
AB  - A controlled investigation was conducted to compare the increase in vertical
      dimension of complete dentures after processing with a compression molding
      technique and with a pour resin technique. The smallest increase in vertical
      dimension of occlusion was obtained with the compression molding technique.

PMID- 3889309
TI  - Use of the afterloading technique for intraoral radiation carriers.
AB  - A method for fabrication of a radiation carrier with an adaptation of the
      afterloading technique has been described. The use of the afterloading technique
      allows for quick and easy placement of multiple radioactive sources; thus time
      and exposure to the radiotherapist and the patient are minimized during the
      period of placement and activation of the prosthesis at the time of therapy.

PMID- 3889310
TI  - Thermoplastic custom trays for making regional facial impressions.
AB  - A facial impression technique that uses a thermoplastic splint material as a
      custom tray has been described. The use of this technique simplifies a time
      consuming and cumbersome procedure for both the patient and the dentist.

PMID- 3889311
TI  - Prosthetic treatment for chemical burns of the oral cavity.
AB  - Chemical burns of the mouth, pharynx, and digestive passages have been reviewed
      in regard to the nature of the injury and wound description. Fabrication of
      custom mouth protectors to minimize oral scar contracture and its sequelae has
      been described. Mouth protectors provide flexible but active resistance to the
      forces of scar contracture and avoid a constant unyielding force that could cause
      pressure necrosis. Protectors are easy to fabricate and adjust, and permit
      movement and function of the injured area.

PMID- 3889312
TI  - The variability of intercuspal position.
AB  - Variability in recording occlusal relationships can complicate fabrication of a
      prosthesis. A comparison of the interocclusal space found with patient- or
      operator-guided occlusal contact with and without the presence of local
      anesthetic was made. It is concluded that there is less variability when an
      operator-guided occlusal record is made.

PMID- 3889313
TI  - Complete denture curriculum survey of dental schools in the United States.

PMID- 3889314
TI  - Boxing impressions with irreversible hydrocolloid.
AB  - A boxing method that uses irreversible hydrocolloid for boxing final impressions
      made with four different final impression materials was described. The boxing
      material separated from the impression in one piece with all impression
      materials. No separation media was required. In addition, the accuracy of the
      borders of all impression materials was equally well preserved.

PMID- 3889315
TI  - The trial-packed, heat-processed spare complete denture.
AB  - A method has been described to make a second set of complete dentures for a
      patient. The second set of dentures will reflect relined tissue contours, use of
      manufactured artificial teeth, and trial-packed, heat-processed denture bases.
      The new dentures are of equal quality to the original dentures.

PMID- 3889316
TI  - An alternative approach to conventional border molding.

PMID- 3889317
TI  - Reproduction of the rugae on the maxillary denture palate.

PMID- 3889318
TI  - Aid to setting posterior denture teeth.

PMID- 3889319
TI  - In sickness and in health.

PMID- 3889320
TI  - The thyroid and Osler.

PMID- 3889322
TI  - Cimetidine in the treatment of herpes zoster.

PMID- 3889321
TI  - Are calcium antagonists cardioprotective?

PMID- 3889324
TI  - [Computer technology in radiodiagnosis].

PMID- 3889323
TI  - [Role of x-ray computed tomography in infectious spondylodiscitis. A review
      article].
AB  - The importance of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of infectious
      spondylitis is reviewed on the basis of the currently available literature and
      our updated experience. The etiology and pathogenesis of the various types of
      presentation is briefly discussed. CT is an excellent non-invasive modality
      offering easy evaluation of the intra and extraosseous extent of the lesion,
      guidance to biopsy and in following therapeutic results. CT is compared with
      conventional techniques and its diagnostic value discussed in both the early and
      progressive stages of the disease.

PMID- 3889325
TI  - [Echographic aspects of fused kidneys. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Coalescent kidney is a rare variety of fused kidneys, clinical manifestations
      observed with the greatest frequency being a more or less painful abdominal mass,
      digestive disturbances and a complicating infection, calculus, renal failure or
      hematuria. Straight abdominal films (SAF), ultrasound tomography, SAF after colon
      insufflation and IVU can usually establish the diagnosis. Results of ultrasound
      imaging of this rare variety of ectopic kidney have apparently not been
      published. Apart from any complicating factor, the coalescent kidney corresponds
      to a discoid shaped subumbilical prespinal mass of oblong section. It appears as
      two highly echogenic central zones encircled by a less dense zone. No separation
      exists between the right and left portion, and furthermore a kidney cannot be
      identified in either lumbar fossa. These findings are useful for identification
      of a retroperitoneal mass, ultrasound imaging being of importance when IVU
      supplies insufficient data.

PMID- 3889326
TI  - [High-definition real-time ultrasonic echography of tumors of the thyroid gland.
      Apropos of 379 surgically treated cases].
AB  - The authors present the results of a review of 379 cases of benign and malignant
      thyroid tumors examined by high frequency (7 MHz) ultrasound prior to surgery.
      Features of the 37 cases of cancer are described. Hyperechogenicity was almost
      always correlated with benign lesions (only 1 cancer out of 71 hyperechoic
      nodules). For 313 of the 342 cases of benign tumors a good correlation was found
      between sonograms and intraoperative examination of the two thyroid lobes. In the
      case of clinically evident polyadenomatous goiters, ultrasound is a highly
      accurate means of determining whether any zones of healthy tissue remain
      (sensitivity 104/110 cases, i. e. 93.7%). When a contralateral lobe is normal on
      sonograms, intraoperative examination only rarely reveals lesions (12/159 cases,
      including 2 false positives for surgical investigation). Due to the excellent
      concordance between ultrasound and intraoperative exploration, and the
      difficulties involved in anterior dissection, the results of sonograms can be
      used to decide on the surgical approach. Direct intraoperative surgical
      exploration of the lobe opposite a thyroid lesion appears unnecessary if the
      sonogram is normal (cases of non suspected occult thyroid cancer). Since
      intraoperative exploration can give false negatives, intraoperative ultrasound
      can be used in the rare cases where 1 or 2 deep micronodules have been detected
      by pre-surgery sonograms in the lobe contralateral to the main lesion.

PMID- 3889327
TI  - [Echographic and x-ray computed tomographic aspects of pneumatosis cystoides of
      the colon in the adult. Apropos of a case].
AB  - A case of pneumatosis cystoides Coli located in the sigmoid in an adult is
      reported, with emphasis on US and CT aspects. CT patterns of pneumatosis
      cystoides Coli are highly significative; particularly attenuation values measured
      in the endoluminal polypoid images are characteristics and represent an
      interesting contribution to the diagnosis of this disease.

PMID- 3889329
TI  - [Multilocular cyst of the kidney. Characteristics of the imaging appearance].
AB  - Investigations in a patient with a multilocular cyst of kidney included
      urography, ultrasonography and computed tomography. Urography images showed a
      mass occupying the lower half of the left kidney with a lacunar image of pelvis,
      the association of these two elements suggesting a possible cancer of kidney.
      Ultrasound and computed tomography imaging demonstrated the fluid nature of the
      mass with absent partitioning. Findings were compared with data from the
      pathologic specimen which showed a main unilocular cyst with multiple satellite
      smaller cysts and a thick intrapyelic formation composed of microcystic
      aggregates. Pre-operative diagnosis of multilocular cyst was assisted by the use
      of modern imaging techniques: ultrasound and CT scan, which demonstrated a
      partitioned renal cystic lesion. Diagnosis is still difficult in atypical forms,
      however, and the relative frequency of an intrapyelic cyst protrusion is
      emphasized.

PMID- 3889328
TI  - [Value of rapid acquisition cadences synchronized with the electrocardiogram for
      the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism by digital subtraction angiography].
AB  - Pulmonary digital subtraction angiography was performed in 130 patients referred
      with possible pulmonary emboli. Findings were interpreted as a function of
      apparatus used (acquisition cadence, size of matrix, ECG synchronization) and of
      site of injection (peripheral or central). It now appears possible to diagnose
      pulmonary embolism with satisfactory reliability in 80 to 85% of cases. This
      examination is safe (absence of selective catheterization of pulmonary artery),
      and it could become a standard emergency diagnostic procedure for pulmonary
      embolic disease.

PMID- 3889330
TI  - [Testicular lymphoma in echography. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Lymphomas of the testis are uncommon disease. Their ultrasonographic pattern is
      not well known. We report two cases: the first has sonographic findings soon
      described which appear typical enough: It's a small area, intratesticular, well
      limited and hypoechogenic. On the other hand, the second is an original case
      report (heterogeneous scrotal mass in which it is impossible to recognize the
      different structures of the scrotal sac), with a bulky involvement of the
      lymphoma. The scrotal sonogram appears as the choice investigation for the
      staging and also for the remaining testicle which can be often affected.

PMID- 3889331
TI  - [Pseudomalignant, hyperacute circumscribed myositis. Contribution and limitations
      of echography. Review of the literature. Apropos of a case].
AB  - The very sudden onset of a painful muscular tumefaction was suggestive of a para
      ostal osteosarcoma or myosarcoma. Ultrasound imaging showed a heterogeneous
      echogenic mass with several extending shadow cones, raising the possibility of
      the benign nature of the lesion, but urgent operation showed the pseudomalignant
      circumscribed myositis nature of the affection.

PMID- 3889332
TI  - [Leydig cell tumors in adults. Value of ultrasonic diagnosis. Apropos of 7
      tumors].
AB  - Leydig cell tumors arise from the gonadal stroma and represent two or three per
      cent of all testicular tumors. They may occur at any age in contrast with
      germinal tumor. In adults, about 20 per cent occur with endocrine disturbance:
      gynecomastia or impotence. Ten per cent are malignant and few cases are
      bilateral. They are small, yellow, brown tumor. Reinke's crystals are observed in
      50 per cent and are pathognomonic. They present no necrosis no hemorrhage, no
      cyst. A benign tumor is difficult to distinguish from a malignant tumor. A
      vascular and capsular invasion, an infiltrative margin, a bilateral or multiple
      tumors must evoke a malignant case. Cryptorchidism, even corrected seems to be
      partly responsible in tumor induction. Ultrasonography can help for a precocious
      and reliable diagnosis of tumors, specially in case of occult tumors (2 cases).
      It also helps to survey the controlateral testis (bilateral tumor: 1 case).

PMID- 3889333
TI  - [X-ray computed tomography of extrahepatic cholestasis].
AB  - Findings in a series of 53 examinations performed in patients with extrahepatic
      cholestasis demonstrated the value of computed tomography exploration to
      determine mechanisms and etiology of biliary tract affections. Sensitivity of the
      CT scan for detection of biliary tract dilatations was equivalent to that
      obtained by ultrasound, and was even higher for certain types of patient (obese,
      distended, etc.). Results of this study combined with data in the literature
      enables precise diagnostic criteria to be established when determining etiology
      of these dilatations, which require investigation by a CT scan when ultrasound
      imaging proves unsatisfactory.

PMID- 3889334
TI  - American Indian medicine.

PMID- 3889335
TI  - Neurological disorders of Dr Samuel Johnson.

PMID- 3889336
TI  - Intractable polymyositis: prolonged remission induced by total body irradiation.

PMID- 3889337
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of dental caries: the clinicians dilemma. Introduction.

PMID- 3889338
TI  - Theiler memorial lecture. Theiler--his personal significance today.

PMID- 3889339
TI  - Induction of oestrus and ovulation by means of prostaglandin and gonadoliberin
      (GnRH) treatment in an old mare barren for two breeding seasons.
AB  - A 17-year-old Nooitgedacht mare was presented in mid-summer after failing to
      conceive during the previous 2 breeding seasons. The mare conceived to service
      during a PG-induced oestrus when synthetic GnRH was used to induce ovulation.

PMID- 3889340
TI  - The effects of ketamine anesthesia on glucose clearance in African green monkeys.
AB  - Ketamine hydrochloride's effect on glucose clearance-insulin secretion during
      intravenous glucose tolerance testing was studied in five African green monkeys.
      Animals were tested with ketamine anesthesia and then had indwelling cannulas
      implanted and were retested both in the presence and absence of ketamine
      anesthesia. Serum glucose and insulin concentrations were determined. There were
      no significant differences in the glucose clearance rate (K value), basal glucose
      and insulin concentrations, maximum insulin concentration, and area under the
      insulin response curve, among the three different conditions.

PMID- 3889342
TI  - Pilonidal cyst: wide excision and primary closure with an advancement flap.

PMID- 3889343
TI  - State of the art: bacterial meningitis in adults.

PMID- 3889341
TI  - Na+ (Li+)-proline cotransport in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Na+ and Li+ were found to stimulate the transport of L-proline by cells of
      Escherichia coli induced for proline utilization. The gene product of the put P
      gene is involved in the expression of this transport activity since the put P+
      strains CSH 4 and WG 148 show activity and the put P- strain RM 2 fails to show
      this cation coupled transport. The addition of proline was found to stimulate the
      uptake of Li+ and of Na+. Attempts to demonstrate proline stimulated H+ uptake
      were unsuccessful. It is concluded that the proline carrier (coded by the put P
      gene) is responsible for Na+ (or Li+)-proline cotransport.

PMID- 3889344
TI  - Case report: an unusual occult bronchial foreign body.

PMID- 3889345
TI  - Case report: aspirated foreign body acting as tumor marker.

PMID- 3889346
TI  - A protein structure from nuclear magnetic resonance data. lac repressor
      headpiece.
AB  - A procedure is described to determine the three-dimensional structure of
      biomolecules from nuclear magnetic resonance data. This procedure combines model
      building with a restrained molecular dynamics algorithm, in which distance
      information from nuclear Overhauser effects is incorporated in the form of pseudo
      potentials. The method has been applied to the N-terminal DNA-binding domain or
      headpiece (amino acid residues 1 to 51) of the lac repressor from Escherichia
      coli, for which no crystal structure is available. The relative orientation of
      the three helices of the headpiece is similar to that of the three homologous
      helices found in the cI repressor of bacteriophage lambda.

PMID- 3889347
TI  - Molecular and functional organization of yeast plasmid pSR1.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of a 6251 base-pair plasmid, pSR1, harbored in an
      osmophilic haploid yeast, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii (formerly Saccharomyces
      rouxii), was determined. No homology was detected between the sequences of pSR1
      and 2-micron DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. pSR1 has a pair of inverted repeats
      consisting of completely homologous 959 base-pair sequences, which separate two
      unique sequences 2654 base-pairs and 1679 base-pairs long. Each inverted repeat
      has an ARS sequence functional in both Z. rouxii and S. cerevisiae hosts. Short
      direct repeats or dyad symmetries were observed in the inverted repeats similar
      to those found close to the replication origin of 2-micron DNA. Three open
      reading frames, P, S and R, each able to encode a protein of molecular weight
      larger than 10,000, were found. Insertional inactivation of R gave rise to a
      defect in the intramolecular recombination at the inverted repeats, and that of S
      reduced the copy number of pSR1 in the S. cerevisiae host. The maintenance
      stability of the plasmid was also tested in the heterogeneous S. cerevisiae host,
      but the results of the insertional inactivation of P, S and R were ambiguous.
      pSR1 and 2-micron DNA were compatible in S. cerevisiae cells, but the protein
      factors encoded by these plasmids did not complement each other.

PMID- 3889348
TI  - Colicin E3 and its immunity genes.
AB  - A DNA segment of plasmid ColE3-CA38 was cloned into pBR328 and its nucleotide
      sequence was determined. This segment contains the putative promoter-operator
      region, the structural genes of protein A (gene A) and protein B (gene B) of
      colicin E3, and a part of gene H. Just behind the promoter region, there is an
      inverted repeat structure of two 'SOS boxes', the specific binding site of the
      lexA protein. This suggests that the expression of colicin E3 is regulated
      directly by the lexA protein. Genes A and B face the same direction, with an
      intergenic space of nine nucleotides between them. ColE3-CA38 and ColE1-K30 are
      homologous in their promoter-operator regions, but hardly any homology was found
      in their structural genes. On the other hand, ColE3-CA38 is fairly homologous to
      CloDF13 throughout the regions sequenced, with some exceptions including putative
      receptor-binding regions. By deletion mapping of the immunity gene and recloning
      of gene B, it was shown genetically that protein B itself is the actual immunity
      substance of colicin E3. It was also found that the expression of E3 immunity
      partially depends on the recA function. Thus, we propose two modes of expression
      of E3 immunity: in the uninduced state, only a slight amount of protein B is
      produced constitutively to protect the cell from being attacked by the exogenous
      colicin; and in the SOS-induced state, a large amount of protein B is produced to
      protect the protein synthesis system of the host cell from ribosome inactivation
      by endogenously produced colicin E3.

PMID- 3889349
TI  - Light chain dependent effects of actin binding on the S-1/S-2 swivel in myosin.
AB  - The S-1/S-2 swivel in myosin provides a flexible link between the head and tail
      portions of the molecule. We have investigated the properties of the swivel by
      employing limited proteolysis methods. Our results indicate that the binding of
      actin to heavy meromyosin inhibits both the chymotryptic and papain cleavage of
      the S-1/S-2 swivel, and that this effect is dependent on the presence of intact
      LC-2 light chains. Actin did not slow digestions carried out using heavy
      meromyosin previously treated with proteases to nick the LC-2 chains to 17,000 or
      14,000 Mr fragments. Although the integrity of the LC-2 light chain appears to be
      required to transmit the effects of actin binding from the myosin head to the S
      1/S-2 swivel, the binding of Ca2+ to the 17,000 Mr LC-2 fragment can still affect
      the chemical reactivity of SH1 thiol groups. Both chymotryptic and papain
      digestions of heavy meromyosin containing intact or fragmented LC-2 light chain
      show substantial temperature sensitivity between 5 degrees C and 35 degrees C.
      Calculated apparent activation energies for this process indicate that the S-1/S
      2 swivel in myosin can undergo temperature-dependent structural changes
      independently of the state of the LC-2 light chain. Thus, both actin binding and
      temperature variations can induce structural transitions in the S-1/S-2 swivel.

PMID- 3889350
TI  - Thiol proteases. Comparative studies based on the high-resolution structures of
      papain and actinidin, and on amino acid sequence information for cathepsins B and
      H, and stem bromelain.
AB  - An accurate three-dimensional structure is known for papain (1.65 A resolution)
      and actinidin (1.7 A). A detailed comparison of these two structures was
      performed to determine the effect of amino acid changes on the conformation. It
      appeared that, despite only 48% identity in their amino acid sequence, different
      crystallization conditions and different X-ray data collection techniques, their
      structures are surprisingly similar with a root-mean-square difference of 0.40 A
      between 76% of the main-chain atoms (differences less than 3 sigma). Insertions
      and deletions cause larger differences but they alter the conformation over a
      very limited range of two to three residues only. Conformations of identical side
      chains are generally retained to the same extent as the main-chain conformation.
      If they do change, this is due to a modified local environment. Several examples
      are described. Spatial positions of hydrogen bonds are conserved to a greater
      extent than are the specific groups involved. The greatest structural similarity
      is found for the active site residues of papain and actinidin, for the internal
      water molecules and for the main-chain conformation of residues in alpha-helices
      and anti-parallel beta-sheet structure. This was reflected also in the similarity
      of the temperature factors. It suggests that the secondary structural elements
      form the skeleton of the molecule and that their interaction is the main factor
      in directing the fold of the polypeptide chain. Therefore, substitution of
      residues in the skeleton will, in general, have the most drastic effect on the
      conformation of the protein molecule. In papain and actinidin, some main-chain
      side-chain hydrogen bonds are also strongly conserved and these may determine the
      folding of non-repetitive parts of the structure. Furthermore, we included
      primary structure information for three homologous thiol proteases: stem
      bromelain, and the cathepsins B and H. By combining the three-dimensional
      structural information for papain and actinidin with sequence homologies and
      identities, we conclude that the overall folding pattern of the polypeptide chain
      is grossly the same in all five proteases, and that they utilize the same
      catalytic mechanism.

PMID- 3889351
TI  - Coxsackie B3 virus can replicate in cultured human foetal heart cells and is
      inhibited by interferon.
AB  - Coxsackie B viruses (types 1 to 5) are the most frequent reported cause of acute
      viral myocarditis. To study the pathogenesis of the disease at the cellular
      level, we simulated an infectious situation by infecting cultured human foetal
      heart cells with Coxsackie B3 (CB3) virus. Successful replication of this virus
      could be demonstrated by the presence of virus particles inside cultivated foetal
      myocytes together with high titres of progeny virus of 10(8) plaque-forming units
      (PFU) per millilitre culture medium. Within 9 h of infection networks of myocytes
      lost their ability to contract spontaneously followed by disintegration and
      replacement by overgrowing fibroblasts which survived the infection. These cells
      produced CB3 virus continuously over several months, indicating carrier state
      infection of human myocardial fibroblasts. Human fibroblasts interferon (IFN
      beta) was found to act as a potent inhibitor of the replication of this virus.
      Virus yields could be reduced from 1.2 x 1.8 x 10(5) PFU/ml culture medium when
      human heart cells were incubated with IFN-beta 20 h prior to challenge with a
      high input multiplicity of 50 PFU of CB3 virus per cell, demonstrating the major
      protective role of IFN-beta in CB3 viral infection. It thus appear that IFN-beta
      might become useful as an antiviral agent in the treatment of Coxsackie
      myocarditis.

PMID- 3889352
TI  - Colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3889353
TI  - Hypertension and health education intervention in the Caribbean: a public health
      appraisal.
AB  - Epidemiologic data on morbidity and mortality have established hypertension and
      its related diseases as posing a public health problem for the developing
      world.In the case of the Caribbean region, the increasing magnitude of the
      hypertension problem is complicated further by the region's fiscal crisis-its low
      cash availability for health expenditures and the concomitant experience in
      infectious diseases. Given these problems, it is reasoned that health education
      as an intervention approach is the only practical method to employ to address the
      problem of improved control of hypertension. The success of any such health
      education program will depend on, among other things, the framework used to guide
      the program, the population targeted on the basis of defined levels of arterial
      blood pressure and at-risk characteristics, and the specifics (ie, cultural,
      pharmacological, nonpharmacological, and motivational) of the message to be
      disseminated.

PMID- 3889354
TI  - Interaction of nutrition and infection: effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on
      resistance to Trypanosoma lewisi.
AB  - A metabolic imbalance technique was employed to study vitamin B(12) deficiency in
      rats infected with Trypanosoma lewisi. Throughout the observational period,
      animals on the deficient diet had lowered serum vitamin B(12) levels compared
      with complete and pair-fed animals. The decline in the level of the vitamin, ten
      days after the initiation of the experiment, continued progressively until the
      termination of the study. Body weight gains and food consumption in rats on
      complete, vitamin B(12)-deficient, or pair-fed diets and inoculated with T lewisi
      showed significant increase over inoculated controls. The rates of body weight
      and food consumption in vitamin B(12)-deficient animals were significantly less
      than that of the adequately fed animals.The indices of lowered resistance to
      infection in the vitamin B(12)-deficient rats were manifoid. Deficient rats
      suffered earlier and higher parasitemia followed by persistent infection. The
      delay in the synthesis of the reproductive inhibiting antibody (ablastin)
      resulted in prolonged variability in the length of the trypomastigotes. Severe
      depression in the primary and secondary antibody responses (IgG and IgM) to in
      vivo immunization of sheep erythrocytes was also observed in the deficient
      animals. In comparison, the level of IgG antibody decreased approximately one
      fifth the control values.

PMID- 3889355
TI  - Hemophilus para-influenzae meningitis in a two-day-old term infant.
AB  - A two-day-old black male term infant developed meningitis due to Hemophilus para
      influenzae, a rare cause of neonatal meningitis. The organism was sensitive to
      ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Of interest was that the mother had the same
      organism in her cervix. The need for prompt investigation and institution of
      appropriate antibiotic therapy is emphasized.

PMID- 3889356
TI  - Propranolol versus labetalol: interesting differences in efficacy.

PMID- 3889357
TI  - Effect of oral antibiotics and bacterial overgrowth on the translocation of the
      GI tract microflora in burned rats.
AB  - Infections in burned patients have generally been considered to arise from
      exogenous organisms. Consequently, the therapy of burned patients has emphasized
      the use of infection control policies and topical antimicrobial agents to reduce
      bacterial colonization. Even though enteric bacteria are frequently found in the
      burn wound little attention has been paid to the patient's own GI tract
      microflora as a potential source of organisms colonizing the burn wound. The
      current experiments were carried out to determine if the bacteria present in the
      GI tract of healthy animals would penetrate (translocate) through the GI mucosa
      and spread to visceral organs after a moderate or major thermal injury. The
      results of these experiments indicated that bacteria can translocate across the
      wall of the GI tract and survive in the mesenteric lymph nodes in healthy rats.
      Furthermore, when the GI tract microflora is altered, either due to bacterial
      overgrowth or under the influence of oral antibiotic therapy, not only will
      bacteria translocate to the mesenteric lymph nodes but bacteria will also spread
      to other visceral organs. The results of these experiments support the hypothesis
      that the GI tract can serve as a reservoir for nosocomial infections in the
      burned patient, since bacteria can translocate across the mucosal barrier of the
      GI tract after thermal injury and survive in visceral organs before colonization
      of the burn wound occurs.

PMID- 3889358
TI  - A sonographic assessment of neonatal renal parameters.
AB  - One hundred twenty infants ranging in weight from 600 to 4,000 grams were entered
      into a prospective sonographic study to establish normal renal growth parameters.
      Renal cortical echogenicity was demonstrated to decrease with increasing infant
      weight. Observations on the use of Doppler analysis for assessing renal vascular
      flow are presented.

PMID- 3889359
TI  - Sonographic evaluation of ectopic pregnancy.
AB  - To assess sonographic findings in the evaluation for ectopic pregnancy, all women
      referred over a two-year period were prospectively evaluated. The incidence of
      intrauterine as well as adnexal findings was assessed in an attempt to optimize
      sonographic evaluation. Visualization of a double decidual sac sign (DDSS) within
      the uterus provided an accurate means of confirming an intrauterine pregnancy
      (IUP) prior to embryo visualization. Forty-two of 130 women with IUP were
      diagnosable only by the DDSS. As a screening test for ectopic pregnancy,
      sonographic documentation of an IUP provided the only convincing evidence for the
      absence of an ectopic gestation. Any woman clinically at risk for ectopic
      pregnancy whose sonogram did not confirm the presence of an intrauterine
      pregnancy was at relatively high risk (43 per cent) for having an ectopic
      gestation. Characterization of adnexal findings increased the level of risk for
      ectopic pregnancy in these women to 70-100 per cent. However, 20 per cent of
      women with a surgically confirmed ectopic pregnancy had normal adnexal findings.

PMID- 3889360
TI  - Sonography of arcuate uterine blood vessels.
AB  - Five sonographic cases are presented with images that demonstrate normal arcuate
      arteries and peripheral uterine blood vessels. These vascular structures are
      shown in both the longitudinal and transverse sections, and should not be
      confused with pathology such as Nabothian cysts, hydrosalpinx, pelvic
      inflammatory disease, hydatid cysts of Morgagni, endometriosis, or abnormal
      pelvic varices.

PMID- 3889361
TI  - Duplex carotid sonography: correlation with digital subtraction angiography and
      conventional angiography.
AB  - Duplex sonography is a relatively new technique for noninvasive evaluation of the
      extracranial carotid arteries. In a prospective, double-blind study of 453
      vessels (229 patients) over a one-year period, an excellent correlation was found
      with intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in 66.3 per cent of
      vessels, good correlation in an additional 28.4 per cent of vessels, and poor
      correlation in only 5.3 per cent. Duplex was compared with conventional biplane
      angiography in 86 vessels (45 patients); there was excellent correlation in 71
      per cent, good correlation in 20 per cent, and poor agreement in 9 per cent of
      vessels. Duplex sonography is a highly accurate method of evaluating the cervical
      carotid system and it has a complementary role with DSA.

PMID- 3889362
TI  - Unilateral germinal matrix hemorrhage in the newborn.
AB  - A review of cranial ultrasound examinations performed on 426 newborns over a 42
      month period demonstrated a predominance of left-sided germinal matrix hemorrhage
      over both right-sided and bilateral germinal matrix hemorrhage. Distribution of
      intraventricular or intraparenchymal hemorrhage did not show this pattern. The
      reasons for left-sided predominance of germinal matrix hemorrhage remain
      speculative, and perhaps are related to cerebrovascular anatomic differences or
      to hemodynamic stresses related to patency of the ductus arteriosus.

PMID- 3889363
TI  - Imaging of a primary carcinoid tumor of the testicle.

PMID- 3889364
TI  - Transient acute tubular disease in a newborn and a young infant: sonographic
      findings.

PMID- 3889365
TI  - Percutaneous ovarian cyst aspiration using continuous transvaginal
      ultrasonographic monitoring.

PMID- 3889366
TI  - Cystic duct remnant: sonographic diagnosis.

PMID- 3889367
TI  - Real-time ultrasound guidance of fetal manipulation during genetic amniocentesis.

PMID- 3889368
TI  - An avirulent G1 glycoprotein variant of La Crosse bunyavirus with defective
      fusion function.
AB  - La Crosse virus, a member of the California serogroup of the family Bunyaviridae,
      causes encephalitis in humans and laboratory rodents. A variant virus (V22)
      selected with a monoclonal antibody against the large (G1) glycoprotein showed
      diminished neuroinvasiveness after peripheral inoculation. This variant has an
      alteration in its fusion function, requiring a lower pH for the activation of
      fusion and demonstrating reduced efficiency of cell-to-cell fusion of BHK-21
      cultures. V22 was studied in detail following the infection by intraperitoneal or
      intracerebral routes in suckling, weanling, or adult CD-1 mice. It exhibited a
      marked reduction in its ability to replicate in striated muscle and to produce
      viremia; however, after intracerebral injection V22 virus replicated almost as
      rapidly in brain as its parent, La Crosse virus. V22 virus thus represents an
      example of reduced neuroinvasiveness associated with an alteration at a specific
      epitope of the G1 glycoprotein. This same epitope also influences the fusion
      activity of the glycoprotein.

PMID- 3889369
TI  - Donor specific blood transfusions and successful spousal kidney transplantation.
AB  - Donor-specific blood transfusions have improved significantly 1-haplotype living
      related donor kidney transplant results. We have applied this concept
      successfully in 2 spousal kidney transplants. This technique may provide an
      additional source of kidney grafts, especially in developing countries without
      cadaver kidney transplant programs.

PMID- 3889370
TI  - Adaptation of existing cutaneous ureterostomy for urinary drainage after renal
      transplantation.
AB  - We adapted existing cutaneous ureterostomies for urinary drainage in 3 patients
      who underwent renal transplantation. Careful preoperative radiological evaluation
      of the ureteral anatomy and appropriate preoperative planning are necessary for
      such patients. The concentration of serum creatinine was 0.9, 1.3 and 1.5 mg. per
      dl. at 2 months, 3 years and 10 years, respectively, after transplantation. All 3
      patients have had bacteriuria that necessitated therapy with chronic suppressive
      antibiotics but clinical pyelonephritis has not occurred.

PMID- 3889371
TI  - Urological complications following chemonucleolysis.
AB  - Urinary complications following chemonucleolysis have not been reported in the
      urological literature. We report a case of urinary retention, perineal
      hypoesthesia and penile dysesthesia following L5 to S1 chemonucleolysis with
      chymopapain and review the literature in this area.

PMID- 3889372
TI  - Estimation of canine prostatic size by in vivo ultrasound and volumetric
      measurement.
AB  - Two methods for estimating the weight of the canine prostate gland in vivo were
      investigated. Twenty-six beagle dogs underwent transrectal and transabdominal
      ultrasound examination of the prostate, followed by careful, standardized caliper
      measurement of the prostate at surgical exploration. The prostate glands were
      then removed and weighed, and nomograms were constructed for use in future
      laboratory research. The validity of these nomograms for determining prostate
      weight in vivo was confirmed on evaluation of 6 additional dogs.

PMID- 3889373
TI  - The clinical spectrum of renal vein thrombosis.

PMID- 3889374
TI  - Effect of furosemide on dialysis requirement following cadaveric kidney
      transplantation.
AB  - High doses of furosemide have been reported to reduce the requirement for
      dialysis following cadaveric kidney transplantation. Depending on recipient age,
      alternate cadaver kidney transplant recipients received infusions of 200 to 400
      mg. furosemide just before restoration of renal circulation. All recipients
      received infusions of mannitol during the hour before renal revascularization.
      All 50 kidneys were preserved with intracellular electrolyte solutions. Mean cold
      storage times (33.4 plus or minus 11.4 hours for recipients given furosemide
      versus 35.7 plus or minus 12.3 hours for controls) were not significantly
      different between the 2 groups. There were no significant differences in first
      week dialysis requirement between recipients given furosemide and controls (75
      versus 73 per cent, respectively), first day urine output (2.2 plus or minus 4.2
      versus 1.0 plus or minus 0.81., respectively), 1-month serum creatinine nadirs
      (2.1 plus or minus 1.1 versus 1.9 plus or minus 1.1 mg . per dl., respectively)
      and 1-month function rate (92 versus 92 per cent, respectively). High doses of
      furosemide did not prevent significant acute tubular necrosis following human
      cadaveric kidney transplantation when the recipients also received infusions of
      mannitol.

PMID- 3889375
TI  - Flow cytometry of ethanol-fixed versus fresh bladder barbotage specimens.
AB  - Saline bladder barbotage specimens were obtained from 99 patients for comparison
      of flow cytometric deoxyribonucleic acid analyses using fresh versus ethanol
      fixed cell preparation techniques. The analyses were consistent for the 2 methods
      in 87 (88 per cent) of the 99 cases (p less than 0.0001, Kappa statistic for
      agreement). Since accurate, reproducible results are obtainable on fixed bladder
      washings, samples may be sent to flow cytometry centers for analysis.

PMID- 3889376
TI  - Urinary tract dysfunctions in tethered spinal cord syndrome: improvement after
      surgical untethering.
AB  - We reviewed 55 patients with urinary tract dysfunction owing to the tethered
      spinal cord syndrome, a form of spina bifida occulta with or without mild
      myelodysplasia, to evaluate the effects of neurosurgical treatment. Of the
      patients 24 underwent laminectomy with release of a tethered spinal cord and 31
      were followed without the operation. Median followup was approximately 5 years.
      Urological findings at the most recent examination were compared between the 2
      groups. In the operated group 5 patients, including 2 with myelodysplasia,
      apparently were cured of urinary tract dysfunction and 6, including 2 with
      myelodysplasia, had somewhat satisfactory results, whereas in the unoperated
      group only 4 patients had satisfactory results and the remainder were unaffected.
      Urinary tract dysfunction in some patients with spina bifida occulta may be
      relieved by surgical release of a tethered spinal cord.

PMID- 3889377
TI  - Failed grafts and level of amputation.

PMID- 3889378
TI  - Carotid endarterectomy. Relationship of outcome to early restenosis.
AB  - The results following carotid endarterectomy were prospectively evaluated in 134
      patients (145 sides) by repeat ultrasonic duplex scanning and clinical evaluation
      extending for a period of 4 years. There were 107 men and 27 women in the study
      group. The perioperative stroke rate was 1.3% and the mortality rate, 0.7%. There
      were 9 late deaths, of which two were stroke related (1.4%). Focal symptoms
      occurred in 12 patients on the ipsilateral side, six of which were strokes (one
      lacunar). The remaining symptoms developed in the presence of moderate degrees of
      carotid stenosis (less than 50%). There were seven patients who had transient
      ischemic attacks (TIAs) referable to the operated side, but only two of these
      were associated with a recurrent high-grade stenosis. During follow-up 32 (22%)
      patients had recurrent high-grade stenosis. Restenosis regressed in seven, giving
      a persistent rate of 17.1%. The incidence of restenosis was significantly higher
      in women (p less than 0.01). By life-table analysis, restenosis occurred early,
      the majority within 24 months. There was no consistent association between the
      development of symptoms and the occurrence of restenosis. Therefore, it is
      concluded that there is no justification for reoperation based on the degree of
      narrowing observed to prevent subsequent TIAs and strokes.

PMID- 3889379
TI  - The role of renal autotransplantation in pediatric and young adult patients with
      renal artery disease.
AB  - From 1977 to 1984, renal autotransplantation was attempted in 16 pediatric and
      young adult patients with renal artery disease, ranging in age from 10 months to
      21 years. Renal revascularization was indicated as treatment for severe
      hypertension in 15 patients and to prevent rupture of an arterial aneurysm in one
      patient. The reasons for undertaking renal autotransplantation were branch renal
      artery disease requiring extracorporeal revascularization (n = 14), abdominal
      aortic hypoplasia (n = 1), and renal artery disease in a small infant (n = 1).
      Renal revascularization was successfully accomplished in 14 of 16 patients,
      including one patient who underwent staged bilateral extracorporeal repairs.
      Obliteration of the inferior vena cava and iliac veins precluded
      autotransplantation in one patient and a nephrectomy was done. In one patient
      extracorporeal ligation of an inaccessible renal arterial branch was accomplished
      with autotransplantation. Currently all 16 patients are normotensive with
      excellent renal function. Extracorporeal surgery and autotransplantation have
      been important additions to the surgical armamentarium for renal artery disease.

PMID- 3889380
TI  - A new serum proteolytic enzyme in aneurysm pathogenesis.
AB  - Despite significant progress in elucidating the pathogenesis of aneurysmal
      disease, the precise etiology of arterial wall degradation remains unclear.
      Numerous etiologies have been implicated, including stress-strain factors,
      structural wall abnormalities, and enzyme imbalance. We have previously shown
      that collagenase and elastase are increased in aortic aneurysm tissue. Herein we
      report and characterize a newly described serum compound that is able to
      hydrolyze an artificial elastase substrate but is not elastase. This substance is
      elevated in patients with atherosclerotic disease and, following aneurysmectomy,
      its concentration increases by threefold. Examination of the substance reveals
      that it is bound to lipid and consists of four subunits of molecular weights:
      310,000, 62,000, 40,000, and 10,000 daltons. It has characteristics of thiol,
      carboxyl, and metalloenzymes and is most active at a pH of 7.0 to 8.0. A
      relationship between this serum compound and aneurysm tissue enzymatic activity
      is noted. We postulate that this serum compound may be produced by mononuclear
      cells and released into the serum. Furthermore, monocytes may enter the arterial
      wall intima and release this substance, resulting in proteolytic arterial wall
      degradation and subsequent aneurysm formation.

PMID- 3889381
TI  - Diagnosis and management of renovascular disease.

PMID- 3889382
TI  - Iatrogenic entrapment of the femoropopliteal bypass.
AB  - Three cases of infragenicular femoropopliteal bypass grafts are presented in
      which iatrogenic entrapment of the distal portion of the graft occurred between
      the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle and the posterior surface of the
      tibia. The condition should be suspected if ischemia of the leg develops
      postoperatively when the knee is hyperextended and is improved when the knee
      joint is flexed. Measurements of the ankle pressure index or Pulse Volume
      Recorder tracings at the ankle in both flexed and extended positions will confirm
      the diagnosis. The entrapment of the bypasses in these three patients was easily
      corrected by transection of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. Relief
      of the occlusion of the bypass can be easily demonstrated by noninvasive studies.

PMID- 3889383
TI  - Iatrogenic vascular injury during peripheral revascularization.
AB  - Iatrogenic vascular injury may occur during peripheral revascularization
      procedures secondary to the application of vascular occlusive devices. This
      review summarizes the known mechanical causes of such injury, relates this to
      clamp design, and suggests methods to minimize such injury by appropriate
      selection and handling of vascular occlusive clamps.

PMID- 3889384
TI  - The diagnosis and assessment of coronary artery disease in vascular patients.

PMID- 3889385
TI  - Tuberculosis in wild olive baboons, Papio cynocephalus anubis (Lesson), in Kenya.
AB  - Several wild olive baboons from a single troop in the Masai Mara Game Reserve,
      Kenya were observed to be lethargic and emaciated. Five were trapped and
      tuberculin tested by intradermal inoculation of 0.1 cc (100 IU) mammalian old
      tuberculin in the upper eyelid. Two of the five showed positive reaction at 72 hr
      and were examined at necropsy. Gross lesions in both animals consisted of
      multiple nodules with caseation in the lung, spleen and tracheobronchial lymph
      nodes. There were multiple granulomas throughout the lung, spleen and the lymph
      nodes. Tissues were cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen media with and without pyruvic
      acid. Isolates were typed as Mycobacterium bovis.

PMID- 3889386
TI  - Pioneer Clintonville dentist was 'jack of all trades' (Elhanen Winchester
      Bennett).

PMID- 3889387
TI  - Ethylene dibromide poisoning.

PMID- 3889388
TI  - Maurice Ravel and Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3889389
TI  - Landmark article May 27, 1950: Tobacco Smoking as a possible etiologic factor in
      bronchiogenic carcinoma. A study of six hundred and eighty-four proved cases. By
      Ernest L. Wynder and Evarts A. Graham.

PMID- 3889390
TI  - Landmark perspective: Smoking and lung cancer. A milestone in awareness.

PMID- 3889392
TI  - The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial.

PMID- 3889391
TI  - In the AMA, policy follows science: a case history of tobacco.

PMID- 3889393
TI  - Survival of bacterial enteropathogens in the ice of popular drinks.
AB  - We examined the survival of four bacterial enteropathogens frozen in ice and
      subsequently allowed to melt in various popular drinks. The counts of all the
      organisms were markedly lowered by freezing alone, and the numbers were further
      decreased by exposure to some of the drinks. Nevertheless, none of the organisms
      were completely eliminated as a result of freezing for 24 hours followed by
      melting in any of the test drinks, even when the drink was 86-proof tequila.

PMID- 3889394
TI  - Depression and Candida.

PMID- 3889395
TI  - Potential liability for transfusion-associated AIDS.

PMID- 3889396
TI  - Seven days of ceftriaxone therapy is as effective as ten days' treatment for
      bacterial meningitis.
AB  - Seventy-nine children were enrolled in a study to compare seven vs ten days of
      ceftriaxone therapy for bacterial meningitis. On the basis of a computer
      generated list of therapy assignments, 35 children with Haemophilus,
      pneumococcal, or group B streptococcal meningitis each were assigned to seven- or
      ten-day treatment regimens; nine children with meningococcal meningitis received
      seven days of therapy. The population characteristics and etiologic agents were
      similar for the two treatment groups, as were also the findings on examination
      and culture of cerebrospinal fluid at completion of therapy. There were no
      significant differences in the frequency and types of neurological complications
      between the two treatment groups; four patients in each group had two or more
      neurological abnormalities. The rates of nosocomial infections and prolonged and
      secondary fever were similar in those who received seven days of therapy compared
      with patients treated for the conventional ten days. Diarrhea occurred in 44% of
      those receiving the drug. Patients treated with the seven-day regimen were
      discharged from the hospital approximately two days earlier than those with the
      ten-day regimen.

PMID- 3889397
TI  - Mechanical ventilatory support.

PMID- 3889398
TI  - Ingested carbohydrates and blood glucose in diabetics.

PMID- 3889399
TI  - "Hey, you!" and other forms of address.

PMID- 3889400
TI  - [Analysis of tumor antigens and clinical applications of monoclonal antibody (A 2
      B 5) for neuroblastoma].
AB  - Monoclonal antibody (A 2 B 5) was raised against chick neural retina cells by
      Eisenbarth et al. We have studied, exclusively, A 2 B 5 for the immunological
      approach, and the following results were obtained. A 2 B 5 was shown to be IgG 2a
      subclass and reacted with all human neuroblastoma cell lines, NBGOTO, NB 1, TN-1
      and C-NB1, in vitro by the 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay, but did not have
      cytotoxic activity for other tumor cell lines, C-1300 (A/J mouse neuroblastoma
      cell line), S1509a (A/J mouse induced sarcoma by methylcholanthrene) and P 39
      (human malignant melanoma cell line). A 2 B 5 was titrated against constant
      numbers of human neuroblastoma cell lines. In the next experiment, detection of
      metastatic neuroblastoma cells in bone marrow, specimen and human neuroblastoma
      cell lines was undertaken by indirect immunofluorescence using A 2 B 5. All were
      visualized with binding A 2 B 5, and immunofluorescence could be seen on a clump
      of tumor cells binding A 2 B 5. Thus, A 2 B 5 may be particularly useful reagent
      for the diagnosis of bone metastasis of human neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3889401
TI  - [Acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow
      transplantation].

PMID- 3889402
TI  - [Successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a case of severe aplastic
      anemia].

PMID- 3889403
TI  - [Autologous bone marrow transplantation in a case of Burkitt's lymphoma].

PMID- 3889404
TI  - [Physiology of cerebral microcirculation].

PMID- 3889405
TI  - [Cerebral circulation from the viewpoint of blood rheology].

PMID- 3889406
TI  - [Biochemistry of the brain. a. Cerebral ischemia and monoamines].

PMID- 3889407
TI  - [Biochemistry of the brain. d. Glycosides of the brain].

PMID- 3889408
TI  - [Determination of the regional cerebral blood flow by single photon emission
      CT(SPECT) with special reference to cerebrovascular diseases].

PMID- 3889409
TI  - [Determination of the regional cerebral blood flow by positron emission CT-
      problems in the determination by PET].

PMID- 3889410
TI  - [Determination of the regional cerebral blood flow by autoradiography].

PMID- 3889411
TI  - [Agents to improve cerebrovascular circulation and cerebral metabolism--calcium
      antagonists].

PMID- 3889412
TI  - [Agents to improve cerebrovascular circulation and cerebral metabolism-
      brovincamine].

PMID- 3889413
TI  - [Agents to improve cerebrovascular circulation and cerebral metabolism--cellryl].

PMID- 3889414
TI  - [Agents to improve cerebrovascular circulation and cerebral metabolism-
      lisuride].

PMID- 3889415
TI  - [Agents to improve cerebrovascular circulation and cerebral metabolism-
      flunarizine].

PMID- 3889416
TI  - [Agents to improve cerebrovascular circulation and cerebral metabolism--the
      kallikrein-kinin system].

PMID- 3889417
TI  - [Nizofenone, a cerebral protective agent].

PMID- 3889418
TI  - [Progress in the management of vomiting associated with antineoplastic agents].

PMID- 3889419
TI  - [Efficacy of cancer therapy by fast neutrons].

PMID- 3889420
TI  - [Production of various vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors by immunoadsorbent
      technics and their clinical application].

PMID- 3889421
TI  - [Electromyography of a single muscle fiber].

PMID- 3889422
TI  - [Polygraphic analysis of sleep].

PMID- 3889423
TI  - [Short latency evoked potentials].

PMID- 3889424
TI  - [Analysis of protein C].

PMID- 3889425
TI  - [Analysis of FDP].

PMID- 3889426
TI  - [Diagnostic imaging in alveolar echinococcosis of the liver].

PMID- 3889427
TI  - [Pancreatic cancer].

PMID- 3889428
TI  - [Ultrasonographic and CT findings in mesothelioma].

PMID- 3889429
TI  - [Bacteriological studies of the feces from methane-producers and nonproducers in
      the expired air].

PMID- 3889430
TI  - [Blood flow measurement of the abdominal arteries using an ultrasonic pulsed
      Doppler duplex system].

PMID- 3889431
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies on the measurement of beta 2-microglobulin
      using Pharmacia beta 2-micro RIA].

PMID- 3889432
TI  - [Physical findings and diagnosis of ascites and pleural effusion].

PMID- 3889433
TI  - [Percutaneous nephrostomy].

PMID- 3889434
TI  - Plasma prolactin levels in patients with essential hypertension, malignant
      hypertension and secondary hypertension.
AB  - Plasma prolactin level and plasma renin activity were determined in normal
      subjects and patients with low and normal renin essential hypertension, renal
      hypertension, renovascular hypertension, primary aldosteronism, Cushing syndrome,
      pheochromocytoma and malignant hypertension. In both normal subjects and the
      normal renin essential hypertensives, plasma prolactin was significantly higher
      in females than in males. Plasma prolactin was also significantly higher in the
      normal renin essential hypertensives than in normal subjects of both sexes, while
      no significant difference was found between the low renin group and normal
      subjects of either sex. A significantly positive correlation was observed between
      plasma renin activity and the plasma prolactin level in male essential
      hypertensives, but not in females. Although no significant difference in plasma
      prolactin level could be detected between patients with secondary hypertension
      and normal subjects, this level was significantly higher in malignant
      hypertensives than in normotensives. From these results, it was shown that
      significant differences of plasma prolactin levels exist between normal renin
      essential hypertensives, and low renin essential hypertensives or normal
      subjects, and that these differences may partly depend on renin status which
      might be related to the central dopaminergic activity. In malignant
      hypertensives, the high level of plasma prolactin may be caused by diminished
      renal function, but the suppression of central dopaminergic activity cannot be
      excluded in the mechanism of plasma prolactin increment.

PMID- 3889435
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of acute leukemia.

PMID- 3889437
TI  - [The past, present and future of nursing in Okinawa. Discussion].

PMID- 3889436
TI  - [Long road to the hospice--life of Mother Mary Aikenhead (18). The hospice
      created in Australia in 1884].

PMID- 3889438
TI  - [Status of nursing education in 19th century Germany and its effect on the
      development of nursing education in Japan].

PMID- 3889439
TI  - [Apprentice nurses in the history of modern nursing education: the development
      and existence of the system].

PMID- 3889440
TI  - [Long road to the hospice--life of Mother Mary Aikenhead (18). Followers of
      Mother Aikenhead: a report from Sydney].

PMID- 3889441
TI  - [Public health nursing during the turbulant postwar period: a personal history of
      Ms. Masue Yamakawa].

PMID- 3889442
TI  - [A case of surgically treated massive mediastinal tumor exhibiting superior
      mediastinal syndrome].

PMID- 3889443
TI  - Emergency birth.

PMID- 3889444
TI  - Comprehensive program for examination of sexual assault victims by nurses: a
      hospital-based project in Texas.

PMID- 3889445
TI  - Multiple systemic emboli.

PMID- 3889446
TI  - Implementation of nursing diagnosis in one emergency department.

PMID- 3889447
TI  - ED use in relation to health care experiences and behavior.

PMID- 3889448
TI  - Masochism: descriptive features.

PMID- 3889449
TI  - Hemodialysis shunts.

PMID- 3889450
TI  - Amantadine: antiviral agent for influenza A.

PMID- 3889451
TI  - Governmental affairs. Communications: mailing lists, telephone trees, and
      telephone banks.

PMID- 3889452
TI  - Law and the ED nurse: private patient in the emergency department.

PMID- 3889453
TI  - Eleven-year-old child with vomiting and fever.

PMID- 3889454
TI  - Emergency nurses CARE.

PMID- 3889455
TI  - Antitumor lectin-trypsin inhibitor conjugate.
AB  - Concanavalin A (Con A) and trypsin inhibitor isolated from Acacia confusa were
      covalently linked with N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate. Con A-A.
      confusa trypsin inhibitor (ACTI) conjugate covalently bound (Con A-ACTI) retained
      about 42% of the trypsin inhibitory activity present in the native ACTI and had a
      higher hemagglutinating activity than did the native Con A. Con A-ACTI had a
      greater resistance to tryptic digestion than did the mixture of Con A and ACTI.
      The conjugate entered sarcoma 180 tumor cells, whereas the free ACTI did not. A
      single dose of the conjugate injected ip into noninbred N:NIH(S) white mice
      bearing sarcoma 180 had a remarkable effect of increasing the survival of tumor
      bearing mice, while the mixture of an equivalent dose of free Con A and ACTI was
      not effective.

PMID- 3889457
TI  - Immortalization in culture of rat cells: a genealogic study.
AB  - The process of immortalization of cultured rat liver epithelial-like cells from
      JAR-2 rats was studied by time-lapse cinemicrography. This process was shown to
      be multistep. First (in the F-phase), cells were similar to those in a finitely
      proliferative population. Most cells terminated their proliferative life in the F
      phase, while a few gained additional proliferative potential and subsequently
      entered into the T (transitional)-phase. In the T-phase, a population of cells
      maintained proliferative potential with a large fluctuation: Some cells further
      gained additional proliferative potential while others lost it. After a period in
      the T-phase, continuously dividing cells emerged (in the I-phase). The interphase
      period of the dividing cells in both the T- and the F-phases showed cells to
      distribute exponentially, consistent with transitional probability models.
      However, cells in the I-phase were distributed much more narrowly and were
      frequently close to a normal distribution. Hypothetical mechanisms of
      immortalization were presented on the basis of these observations.

PMID- 3889456
TI  - Interaction between rat glioma cells and normal rat brain tissue in organ
      culture.
AB  - A system for coculture between normal rat brain fragments and multicellular
      spheroids of rat glioma cells is described. The tumor cells were derived from
      fetal BD IX rats treated transplacentally with the carcinogen N-ethyl-N
      nitrosourea (CAS: 759-73-9). Brain fragments were obtained from fetal BD IX rats
      and precultured for 20 days before confrontation with multicellular tumor
      spheroids. The cocultures were grown in nonadherent stationary organ culture for
      30 days. Due to morphologic similarities between normal brain cells and tumor
      cells, the tumor cells were labeled with tritiated thymidine, which made them
      easily recognizable in autoradiographs. The two structures adhered to each other,
      and glioma cells progressively invaded and replaced the normal brain tissue.
      Invasion and replacement are characteristic features of brain tumors in vivo.
      Therefore, this organotypic and syngeneic model may be useful for investigation
      of these phenomena outside the body.

PMID- 3889458
TI  - Variation in agar growth of transformed 3T3 cells after tumor formation in nude
      mice.
AB  - Cells from a cloned line of spontaneously transformed 3T3 cells had a colony
      forming efficiency in agar (CFEag) of about 10-15% and induced poorly
      differentiated sarcomas when injected into nude mice. These tumor cells were
      recultured in vitro and tested for their ability to grow in suspension.
      Initially, the tumor cells had a CFEag which was a hundredfold to a thousandfold
      lower than the cells that had been grown only in vitro. After 5-8 further weekly
      passages, however, the tumor lines recovered their original ability to grow in
      agar. For determination as to whether this increased CFEag was due to selection
      of cells with a higher CFEag from the tumor cell population or to adaptation of
      many of the tumor cells to agar growth, clones were isolated directly from a
      primary tumor, and each was tested weekly for agar colony formation. All of the
      tumor clones, as well as the uncloned tumor line, were able to recover their
      original ability to grow in agar. However, one tumor clone had a relatively high
      CFEag in the first assay, so the selection hypothesis could not be totally
      excluded. The initial low CFEag of the recultured cells was not due to the
      presence of normal nude mouse cells in the population. Before in vivo growth no
      clones could be isolated from the sublines that had as low a CFEag as the tumor
      cells isolated after in vivo growth. Tumor cells that had been repeatedly
      passaged in vivo still had a much lower CFEag than the input cells upon
      explantation into culture. The results suggest that phenotypic alterations
      observed during tumor growth and subsequent cultivation have an epigenetic basis.

PMID- 3889459
TI  - Relationship of hypoglycemia to tumor necrosis factor production and antitumor
      activity: role of glucose, insulin, and macrophages.
AB  - The role of hypoglycemia in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production was examined.
      TNF was produced from sera of animals presensitized with reticuloendothelial
      system stimulants after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Blood glucose was
      strongly reduced during TNF production. Glucose administration to presensitized
      mice (before LPS challenge) caused inhibition of TNF production. Exogenous
      insulin injection inhibited TNF production in a dose-related manner. Peritoneal
      exudate cells (PEC) from Propionibacterium acnes-primed mice revealed increased
      glucose consumption during in vitro TNF production but showed no relationship
      between the degree of glucose consumption and the ability to produce TNF. Insulin
      addition to the culture medium caused inhibition of TNF production from PEC,
      which indicated that insulin may block TNF production from macrophages.
      Administration of highly purified TNF (without concomitant LPS) induced extensive
      tumor necrosis but did not induce hypoglycemia; LPS induced moderate necrosis
      with accompanying hypoglycemia; insulin induced hypoglycemia but did not induce
      tumor necrosis. It is concluded that hypoglycemia does not accompany the action
      of TNF.

PMID- 3889461
TI  - Usefulness of the on-line data base CANCERLIT: an evaluation study based on
      consecutive searches in CANCERLIT and MEDLINE for oncologists.
AB  - Two on-line data bases of the National Library of Medicine, CANCERLIT and
      MEDLINE, were evaluated in a user-oriented study for their usefulness for
      oncologists in cancer research and in clinical practice. The CANCERLIT data base
      was preferred for 12 of 16 literature searches requested by oncologists, and in 4
      instances no preference was indicated. The implications of the study are
      discussed with regard to data base content and user preferences.

PMID- 3889460
TI  - Primary culture and serial passage of normal and carcinogen-treated rat mammary
      epithelial cells in vitro.
AB  - A newly developed culture system was used to examine the proliferative potential
      of rat mammary epithelial (RME) cells in vitro. RME cells were obtained by
      enzymatic dissociation of mammary tissues of 45- to 50-year-old virgin female LEW
      rats. The tissues were dissociated to small aggregates (10-50 cells per
      aggregate) separated from stromal cells and plated at a density of 10(5) cells
      per 60-mm tissue culture dish. The cells were grown in Ham's medium F12
      supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum, insulin, hydrocortisone, epidermal
      growth factor, prolactin, progesterone, and cholera toxin. Plating of 10(5) cells
      as small aggregates resulted in the attachment of 1,000-1,500 aggregates per
      plate. When grown on tissue culture plastic, approximately 1-2% of these
      aggregates gave rise to rapidly proliferating epithelial colonies. Individual
      colonies expanded with a population-doubling time of 24-34 hours and grew for
      about 3 weeks. Although these cells grew well in primary culture, they were not
      subculturable. When RME cells were plated onto dishes coated with type I
      collagen, the number of rapidly proliferating epithelial colonies per dish
      increased fivefold to tenfold. Cells grown on type I collagen-coated dishes
      expanded with a population-doubling time of approximately 27 hours and after 2
      weeks in primary culture were nearly confluent. Unlike cells grown on plastic,
      RME cells grown on type I collagen were readily subculturable and serial
      subculture resulted in the cells undergoing 15-20 population doublings (5-6
      passages) before exhibiting any loss of growth potential. Continued feeding of
      senescent cultures resulted in the emergence of discrete RME cell foci that
      retained proliferative potential and that eventually developed into rapidly
      growing cell strains. Exposure of primary cultures to the carcinogen N-methyl-N'
      nitro-N'-nitrosoguanidine (CAS: 70-25-7) enhanced the proliferative potential of
      RME cells in early passages and in later passages either delayed or eliminated
      the "senescent" phase of cell growth. Carcinogen treatment of RME cells also
      facilitated the establishment of rapidly growing cell strains with long-term
      growth potential (greater than 20 passages).

PMID- 3889462
TI  - Obstructive sleep apnea.

PMID- 3889463
TI  - [Congenital aneurysm of the coronary arteries].

PMID- 3889464
TI  - [Cellular mechanisms of increased vascular tonus and reactivity in arterial
      hypertension].

PMID- 3889465
TI  - [New diagnostic methods in cardiology (a review of patent information 1974
      1981)].

PMID- 3889466
TI  - [Extragastric sarcomas of the stomach].

PMID- 3889468
TI  - [Suppurative complications after surgery for cancer of the large intestine
      (review of the literature)].

PMID- 3889467
TI  - [History of breast cancer surgery (review of the literature)].

PMID- 3889469
TI  - [Principles of treatment of acute cholecystitis (review of the literature)].

PMID- 3889470
TI  - [Use of isolated living hepatocytes in the treatment of liver failure (review of
      the literature)].

PMID- 3889471
TI  - [Prevention of wound complications in patients with cancer of the breast].

PMID- 3889472
TI  - [Iatrogenic teflon granuloma of the eyelid. (Teflon paste, an unsuitable filling
      material for plastic eyelid surgery)].
AB  - A paste of granular Teflon was injected into the upper lid of a patient for
      remodeling the upper palpebral furrow, which had been retracted by scars. Large
      foreign-body granulomas developed a few weeks later, necessitating two excisions.
      The causes of this unsatisfactory result with a filling material which is well
      established in laryngeal surgery are discussed. The authors advise against using
      it in well vascularized loose tissue.

PMID- 3889473
TI  - [Ultrastructural findings in secondary lipoidosis of the cornea].
AB  - A patient suffering from a progressive keratopathy which could not be identified
      clinically underwent penetrating keratoplasty. Light microscopy showed
      cholesterol deposits in deep stromal regions. Further ultrastructural
      investigations confirmed these findings and, in addition, fibrous long spacing
      collagen was found in that region; this represents a new factor in the possible
      pathogenesis of corneal lipid degenerations.

PMID- 3889474
TI  - [Endothelium microscopy studies following keratoplasty].
AB  - The quality of the endothelium in 15 patients with transplants after penetrating
      keratoplasty was analyzed. Donor age was not taken into account (average age of
      donors 65.8 years). At the time of the investigation the mean age of the grafts
      was comparatively high (oldest donor 92 years). There were only a few
      morphological changes in the endothelium and visual acuity was satisfactory. Even
      with low cell count (625/mm2) the graft had normal clarity. A number of
      pathologic changes in corneal endothelial cells after keratoplasty are described.

PMID- 3889475
TI  - [Arterial occlusive diseases of the eye. Diagnostic contribution of Doppler
      sonography].
AB  - In a retrospective study, patients with 125 ocular arterial occlusions (71 men,
      54 women) observed between 1978 and 1981 were analyzed with regard to etiology,
      therapy, and course of disease. Particular attention was given to information
      obtained by means of Doppler sonography. Among our patients the most common
      condition was occlusion of either the central retinal artery or its branches (62
      cases), as opposed to 30 patients with apoplexia papillae, 6 with chronic ocular
      ischemia (or ischemic ophthalmopathy), and 4 with less common types of occlusion.
      In the patient collective as a whole, the causes in those over 50 years of age
      are predominantly hypertony, arteriosclerosis, and emboli, as well as other
      causes which cannot be determined with certainty. If occlusions of the central
      artery and its branches and amaurosis fugax are considered alone, emboli are by
      far the most common cause. According to the findings with Doppler sonography, the
      most frequent source of emboli appears to be the bifurcation of the carotid
      artery. A chronic ocular ischemia (also known as ischemic ophthalmopathy) is
      always indicative of obstruction of the carotid artery. The situation is
      completely different in apoplexia papillae, which is, as a rule, either secondary
      to an affection of the smaller vessels, hypertonically arteriosclerotic, or
      caused by inflammation, as is the case in temporal arteriitis. Doppler sonography
      is of paramount importance as a simple, non-invasive method for determining the
      pathogenesis of ocular arterial occlusion. It also provides pointers to further
      clarifications which could lead to bypass surgery being indicated. In those
      patients in whom such examinations were possible, the findings were pathologic in
      all cases of chronic ocular ischemia (6 out of 6), in 84% of the cases of
      amaurosis fugax, in 62.5% of the cases of occlusion of the central artery or its
      branches, but only in 23% of the cases of apoplexia papillae, which further
      distinguishes this later condition from the other forms of occlusion. Frequently
      suggested therapies, for example RheomacrodexR, failed to produce any convincing
      results in our patient collective - not only those with central arterial
      thrombosis but also those with apoplexia papillae. In a statistical comparison,
      no significant difference could be demonstrated between our treatment of
      apoplexia papillae without corticosteroids (as long as arteriitis temporalis was
      not involved) and that of Hayreh, who administered corticosteroid treatment not
      only for apoplexia papillae but also for arteriosclerotic conditions of the optic
      disk induced by hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3889476
TI  - [Uveitis research--between disappointment and hope].
AB  - Uveitis, often a severe eye disease, remains a challenge for the ophthalmologist
      interested in research. At Zurich University eye clinic, Rudolf Witmer has
      personally carried out much research work on this subject during the last 24
      years, as well as stimulating much work around him. The following review studies
      the results. The etiology of the disease could only be demonstrated in about 10%
      of the cases, despite innumerable studies performed with various techniques in
      aqueous humor and serum. However, some typical clinical forms of uveitis could be
      clearly defined, and the role of the immune system in this disease at least
      partially investigated. Moreover, quite satisfactory therapeutic results were
      achieved in many cases, either through the use of immunosuppressive cytostatic
      drugs, or thanks to special surgical techniques.

PMID- 3889477
TI  - [Circadian rhythm, the retina and light].
AB  - The renewal systems in visual cells, disk-shedding and autophagy, exhibit
      endogenous circadian rhythms, primarily controlled by an ocular oscillator. Many
      characteristics of these rhythms have been elucidated, but the actual site and
      nature of the ocular clock are still unknown. Conceivable regulators of the
      rhythm are the neurohormone melatonin and the putative retinal neurotransmitter
      dopamine. Furthermore, dopamine might regulate the sensitivity of the retina to
      light. It is shown that disk-shedding and autophagy have a circadian sensitivity
      to light input. The magnitude of the light response was greatest at the beginning
      of the subjective night, i.e., 12 hours out of phase with the endogenous peak.
      The latency of the light response was shortest at the beginning of the subjective
      day, when the endogenous rhythms are at their peak. Additionally, the response to
      drugs known to modify the metabolism of dopamine was analyzed. The light response
      of both disk-shedding and autophagy were inhibited by the drugs in the subjective
      night and stimulated in the subjective day. Thus, light as well as drugs can
      influence the renewal processes in visual cells.

PMID- 3889478
TI  - [Needs and technical prerequisites of an improved supply of donor material for
      penetrating keratoplasty].
AB  - The supply of donor material for keratoplasty is still considered a problem in
      many clinics. Preservation of donor tissue makes it possible to improve material
      selection. As far as the grafting of typed corneas is concerned, corneal organ
      culture offers a valuable time interval for planning the operation. In these
      preservation techniques the transplanted tissue is trephined from the endothelial
      side. With an optimal trephining technique the number of viable endothelial cells
      transplanted can be increased.

PMID- 3889479
TI  - [Corneal trephining for penetrating keratoplasty: study of the degree of
      precision and presentation of a new trephine].
AB  - The accuracy of corneal trephination with a Franceschetti trephine was
      investigated on Duragel contact lenses. A modified 7.3 mm Crock trephine (Brit.
      J. Ophthal. 62 [1978] 74-80) with a rotating diamond blade fitted was compared
      with the above-mentioned method. Trephination of Duragel lenses from the convex
      side yielded diameters either larger or smaller than 7 mm. With one exception
      trephination from the concave side produced disks smaller than 7 mm. All Duragel
      disks had an elliptical configuration after trephination with the Franceschetti
      trephine. Trephination with the modified Crock trephine yielded disks with
      diameters close to 7.3 mm in all meridians.

PMID- 3889480
TI  - [Boldness and caution: Jacques Daviel's approach to cataract extraction (1745
      1752)].
AB  - The introduction of cataract extraction by Jacques Daviel, in 1752/53, appears to
      us as a revolutionary step in eye surgery. It should be realized, however, that
      this achievement was not only the result of intuition and bold decision in
      critical situations, but also of careful evaluation, over seven years, of
      extraction vs. the best modifications of the time-honored needle operation. This
      included anatomical examination of the effects of needling (couching of the lens)
      in isolated eyes.

PMID- 3889481
TI  - [Burgdorf and cataracts].
AB  - This contribution recounts the life of Johann Heinrich Jung, also known as
      Stilling: his curriculum vitae, method of cataract surgery, trips to Switzerland,
      the cataract operation he performed in Burgdorf in 1802.

PMID- 3889482
TI  - [Congenital spontaneously ruptured epidermoid cyst of the iris].
AB  - At the age of 8 months a healthy boy developed a epidermoid cyst of the iris
      which increased rapidly in size and ruptured when he was 12 months old. Because
      of the clinically suspected diagnosis of medulla epithelioma an en-bloc excision
      was performed. The tumor consisted of keratinizing squamous epithelium producing
      masses of keratin. After an unremarkable postoperative course lasting four
      months, the boy developed an immunologic reaction to the tectonic graft in
      association with Coats' disease six months after the operation.

PMID- 3889483
TI  - [Significance of echographic tissue differentiation for orbital surgery].
AB  - The high degree of accuracy of standardized echography in tissue differentiation
      of orbital tumors enables the ophthalmic surgeon to determine exactly whether or
      not orbitotomy is indicated. As a result of the echographic examination the
      ophthalmologist is optimally informed as to the location, extent, delimitation
      and nature of the tissue of the tumor, and therefore better able to perform the
      orbitotomy. Standardized A-scan echography is capable of demonstrating an orbital
      tumor with 99% accuracy. Its location, limits, and tissue differentiation decide
      whether conservative or surgical treatment is to be preferred. Orbital tumors in
      any location can be removed by Kronlein's temporal orbitotomy: the wide temporal
      approach enables even large tumors to be excised in toto. With appropriate care
      much of the orbital contents can be spared and an optimal functional and cosmetic
      result achieved.

PMID- 3889484
TI  - Effects of orally administered glandular kallikrein on urinary kallikrein and
      prostaglandin excretion, plasma immunoreactive prostanoids and platelet
      aggregation in essential hypertension.
AB  - The effects of orally administered glandular kallikrein on urinary kallikrein,
      aldosterone and prostaglandin E (PGE) excretion, plasma renin activity (PRA),
      immunoreactive 6-keto PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2 concentrations and platelet
      aggregation were studied in 12 patients with essential hypertension (EH). After a
      2-week control period, each patient was given orally 450 KU/day of hog glandular
      kallikrein for 8 weeks. Urinary kallikrein, aldosterone and PGE excretion, and
      plasma 6-keto PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2 concentrations were measured by
      radioimmunoassay. Platelet aggregation was measured by the addition of ADP,
      collagen or ristocetin with an aggregometer. Urinary kallikrein excretion and
      plasma 6-keto PGF1 alpha concentration were significantly decreased in patients
      with EH. There were no significant differences in PRA, urinary aldosterone
      excretion and plasma thromboxane B2 concentrations between control subjects and
      patients with EH. There was a significant decrease in blood pressure in patients
      with EH coinciding with significant increases of urinary kallikrein and PGE
      excretion and plasma immunoreactive 6-keto PGF1 alpha concentration after
      administration of glandular kallikrein. There was also a significant inhibition
      of platelet aggregation induced by collagen in these patients. Thus, a
      suppression of the kallikrein-kinin-prostaglandin system in patients with EH was
      found, and a decrease in blood pressure with an increment of urinary kallikrein,
      PGE excretion, plasma immunoreactive 6-keto PGF1 alpha and inhibition of platelet
      aggregation in vivo by the administration of glandular kallikrein.

PMID- 3889485
TI  - Captopril before and after spironolactone therapy in primary aldosteronism.
      Pathogenetic and therapeutical aspects.
AB  - In three patients with primary aldosteronism, the acute effect of a single dose
      of captopril on the elevated mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was studied
      before and after 4 weeks of treatment with spironolactone. Before spironolactone
      therapy, captopril did not cause any drop in MAP. Four weeks later, after an oral
      daily dose of 400 mg spironolactone, MAP was still elevated in all three
      patients, though electrolyte abnormalities were fully corrected. Since plasma
      renin activity (PRA) was increased to values above the normal range, the acute
      effect of captopril on MAP was tested again. A single dose of 25 mg captopril
      then caused a fall in MAP to normal. These data reveal the conversion from a
      renin-independent to a renin-dependent kind of hypertension after spironolactone
      therapy in three patients with primary aldosteronism syndrome. This might be of
      pathogenetic and therapeutic interest.

PMID- 3889486
TI  - Hormonal modulation of intracellular free calcium in platelets from normotensive
      and hypertensive subjects.
AB  - Sensitivity to adrenaline-antagonism of the inhibitory effect of PGI2 on thrombin
      induced increase in [Ca2+]i was measured in platelets from normotensive and
      untreated hypertensive subjects. Platelets from hypertensive subjects exhibited
      an increased sensitivity to adrenaline. This effect was more pronounced in
      younger patients with hypertension, and suggests an increased adenylate cyclase
      sensitivity in the early hypertension. The data also indicate that a mechanism
      linked to calcium-influx plays an important role in older hypertensives. This may
      explain the greater efficacy of calcium entry blockers in older hypertensive
      patients with essential hypertension.

PMID- 3889487
TI  - Potassium supplementation ameliorates hypertension in patients with diuretic
      induced hypokalemia.

PMID- 3889488
TI  - Role of a humoral Na+ -K+ pump inhibitor in low renin hypertension.
AB  - In 1978 we reported that supernate of boiled plasma from acutely volume-expanded
      animals reduces Na+ -K+ pump activity when applied to an artery from another
      animal, and then in 1980 we reported that the same is the case for plasma from an
      animal model of low renin hypertension. Since then, we and a number of other
      investigators have described Na+ -K+ pump inhibitory activity in the plasma of
      animals and humans with hypertension, particularly of the low renin variety. The
      activity results from a heat-stable small molecule, probably the putative
      natriuretic hormone. We here review these and other studies.

PMID- 3889490
TI  - [Syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation in diseases of the digestive
      organs].

PMID- 3889489
TI  - [The medical environment of N. V. Gogol' (on the 175th anniversary of the
      writer's birth)].

PMID- 3889492
TI  - [Illness: social effects and stakes].

PMID- 3889491
TI  - [Pathogenesis and treatment of anemia in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3889493
TI  - Characterization of clostridia isolated from faeces of limited flora mice and
      their effect on caecal size when associated with germ-free mice.
AB  - 115 strains of clostridia were accumulated from 3 separate isolations from the
      faeces of 1 limited flora (LF) mouse produced by inoculation of germ-free mice
      with chloroform-treated faeces of conventional mice. These strains were divided
      into 36 types on the basis of conventional biochemical characteristics. There was
      some variation in types isolated on the 3 occasions. Although 3 groups of
      polyassociated (PA) mice were produced from mixing 46 monoassociated mice, each
      inoculated with 1 of 46 strains of 36 bacterial types, the caecal size of PA mice
      was still greater than that of the control mice prepared by inoculation of
      chloroform-treated faeces of an LF mouse. After PA mice of each group were housed
      together, the caecal size became smaller and was only slightly larger than the
      control.

PMID- 3889495
TI  - Fuzzy: a genetic marker for warfarin resistance in the Norway rat.
AB  - No recombination was observed between fuzzy (fz) and warfarin resistance (Rww) in
      245 rats from a backcross test for linkage. This locates fz very close to Rw in
      linkage group I. The map position established for fz makes this allele
      particularly suitable for use in combination with p (pink-eyed dilution) for
      linkage tests in group I and as a genetic marker for the Rw locus in studies of
      warfarin resistance. The map position of fz in the rat corresponds to that of fr
      (frizzy) in the mouse, suggesting homology between these loci in the 2 species.

PMID- 3889494
TI  - The suitability of immunosuppressed mice kept in a standard animal unit as
      recipients of human tumour xenografts.
AB  - CBA/Lac mice were immunosuppressed by thymectomy and whole body irradiation with
      250 kVp X-rays following pretreatment with cytosine arabinoside. The optimum
      radiation dose for immunosuppression with prolonged survival was 7.35 Gy. The
      animals were kept in a standard animal unit with an overall survival rate of 83%.
      They were found to be suitable for large scale, long-term, xenotransplantation
      experiments at 20% of the cost of nude mice.

PMID- 3889496
TI  - A partially histocompatible family of Xenopus borealis.
AB  - Reciprocal skin allografts were made between siblings of three successive
      generations in a family of Xenopus borealis and mutually tolerant animals were
      mated. In the F3 generation of one subfamily, 92% of the siblings were
      histocompatible.

PMID- 3889497
TI  - Low cost, microprocessor-based system for flow evaluation in a hydraulic model
      using the dilution method.
AB  - An Automatic Dye Dilution Processor (ADP) based on a microprocessor is applied to
      a hydraulic model to process on-line dilution curves, using saline or
      thermodilution methods. A low cost, F8 microcomputer with minimum parts
      configuration was used in an Automatic Dilution Processor (ADP) system. Software
      allows an operator to select methods, amount of indicator to be injected, cell
      calibration constant, and temperature step. Care has been taken in the curve data
      processing, to avoid errors when recirculation occurs. The system is used,
      together with an open hydraulic model, for flow measurement demonstration, and
      the estimation of cell calibration constant.

PMID- 3889498
TI  - Visualization of skin deformation during wound closure.
AB  - A simple technique is described which enables the accurate visualization of skin
      deformation following wound closure. Results obtained during two surgical
      procedures involving the excision of areas of skin are presented.

PMID- 3889499
TI  - Continuous measurement of aortic blood velocity, after cardiac surgery, by means
      of an extractable Doppler ultrasound probe.
AB  - A new method has been developed for the continuous measurement of aortic blood
      velocity in patients following cardiac surgery. Using an extractable Doppler
      ultrasound probe placed on the ascending aorta, the changes in aortic velocity
      were recorded up to 24 h postoperatively, in 14 patients undergoing coronary
      bypass surgery. Volume flow rate is calculated from the mean velocity, the
      diameter of the aorta and the angle between the ultrasound beam and the direction
      of the blood flow, by means of an analogue flow calculator. Estimation of aortic
      flow showed a correlation of r = 0.79 with cardiac output measured by a
      thermodilution technique. The main advantage of the system is that it allows
      continuous monitoring of cardiac output, as well as short and long-term trend
      analyses, during the early postoperative period.

PMID- 3889500
TI  - Diminished pressor response to exogenous norepinephrine and angiotensin II in
      septic, unanesthetized rats: evidence for a prostaglandin-mediated effect.
AB  - Despite elevated plasma concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), septic patients
      generally have normal or low mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systemic vascular
      resistance. We tested the hypothesis that sustained sepsis in rats results in
      relative hyporesponsiveness to the pressor actions of NE and angiotensin II
      (AII). Sprague-Dawley rats were studied 48 hr after sepsis was induced by cecal
      ligation. Sham-operated rats served as controls. Carotid artery and jugular
      venous catheters were placed under halothane anesthesia and the rats were allowed
      to waken fully in restraining cages. Peak increments in MAP were measured after
      bolus iv doses of NE (0.125-8.0 micrograms/kg) or AII (0.0125-0.5 microgram/kg).
      Some rats were pretreated with indomethacin (5 mg/kg, iv) 30 min prior to the
      dose-response study. Data were fitted to a two-parameter hyperbolic function and
      the resulting curves were compared by analysis of variance. Compared with
      controls, sepsis decreased the pressor response to both NE (P less than 0.0001)
      and AII (P less than 0.0001). Indomethacin restored responsiveness toward normal
      for both pressor agents (P less than 0.0001). It is concluded that sepsis is
      associated with hyporesponsiveness to two chemically dissimilar vasopressors and
      that this phenomenon may be mediated by prostaglandins.

PMID- 3889501
TI  - Expression of a murine B16 melanoma-associated antigen analyzed by flow
      cytometry.
AB  - Understanding factors regulating expression of tumor antigens is vital to the
      design of rational immunotherapeutic strategies. A murine monoclonal antibody
      (MM2-3C6) that recognizes a B16 murine melanoma-associated membrane antigen was
      used to study antigen expression in relation to cell cycle, clonal heterogeneity,
      and growth density. Dual-parameter flow cytometric measurements of DNA content
      and membrane antigen demonstrated that antigen-positive cells were found
      throughout the cell cycle. However, some antigen-negative cells were observed and
      were restricted to the G0/G1 phase demonstrating the antigenic heterogeneity of
      this tumor line. Three sublines of B16, F1, F10, and F1r with variable metastatic
      potential, and 50 B16 F1 clones all expressed the antigen with a mean antigen
      density above background of 8.84 +/- 2.52 [( mean cell fluorescence/cell size] X
      10(-3] ranging from 3.68 to 16.57. Further studies of three sublines and five
      clones showed antigen density fluctuated over an 8-day growth period in culture
      with daily changes of medium. During log growth from Day 1 (1.2 +/- 0.08 X 10(4)
      cells/cm2) to Day 4 (20.4 +/- 3.01 X 10(4) cells/cm2), antigen density increased
      from 4.09 +/- 0.29 to 6.86 +/- 0.29. By Day 8 (26.5 +/- 2.86 X 10(4) cells/cm2)
      when the cells had been confluent for 3 days, antigen density decreased to 2.54
      +/- 0.26 which was significantly lower than other days measured (P less than
      0.05). It is concluded that tumor cell proliferation and cell density can
      modulate antigen expression in this system and, therefore, this may be a useful
      model to study tumor cell escape from immunotherapy.

PMID- 3889502
TI  - Electronic media claims.

PMID- 3889504
TI  - Stable heterogeneous spatial distributions of oxygen and chemotactic E. coli with
      Verhulst-limited population growth.

PMID- 3889503
TI  - [Effect of misonidazole (Ro 07-0582) and radiation on the monooxygenases of liver
      microsomes of the rat].
AB  - Three groups of male Wistar rats were compared: one group received injections of
      Misonidazole (MISO) (200 mg/kg, i.p.), another group was treated by whole-body
      irradiation, and the third population received both treatments. Irradiation
      induced an important decrease of monooxygenase (O-demethylase) activity of
      hepatic microsomes seven days after the treatment. Cyt. P-450 levels hardly
      decreased, whereas lipid peroxidation was two-fold three days after irradiation.
      These different parameters were not modified neither after misonidazole treatment
      nor after association of irradiation and MISO regimen. The presence of oxygen in
      liver may explain that a radiosensitizer such as MISO does not increase
      irradiation damage on liver microsomes enzymes, oxygen preventive activation of
      MISO by radiation: the nitro groupment of MISO was not reduced in nitroso and
      amine compounds.

PMID- 3889505
TI  - Error propagation in E. coli protein synthesis.
AB  - A new approach to the error catastrophe theory, proposed by Leslie Orgel, is
      presented here. Our model is a development of previous models, but differs in
      several respects: the overall activity is assumed to be dependent on the error
      level, the effect of errors in the translating system, giving rise to additional
      errors in the succeeding generation of products, is explicitly included as a
      special term in our model, and scavenging enzymes are assumed to break down and
      eliminate products with a loose structure. Their efficiency is dependent on the
      error level. The model also takes into account the dilution of incorrect
      ribosomes and enzymes, and is described by a time-dependence in terms of
      ribosome/enzyme generations. The model and the contribution to the time
      development are discussed in the light of experiments on E. coli treated with
      streptomycin.

PMID- 3889506
TI  - Myocardial preservation with glucose, insulin, and potassium.

PMID- 3889507
TI  - Cryopreserved autologous bone marrow infusion following high dose chemotherapy in
      patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia in first relapse.
AB  - Thirteen patients with AML in first relapse were treated with high dose
      combination chemotherapy followed by cryopreserved autologous bone marrow
      transplantation (ABMT). The first four patients received the COATA-Roma regimen,
      consisting of CTX, VCR, CA, 6-TG and ADM; nine additional patients received the
      BAVC regimen consisting of BCNU, AMSA, VP-16 and CA. A median of 1.6 X 10(8)
      fractionated nucleated bone marrow cells/kg body weight were reinfused. The
      median of GM-CFU-C recovered was 4.7 X 10(4)/kg. Out of 13 patients, 10 (76.9%)
      achieved CR, 3 had profound aplasia and died from hemorrhagic or infectious
      complications. Of the 10 patients who achieved CR, 1 died after 1 week from heart
      failure, 5 relapsed respectively 17, 20, 21, 21, 42, weeks after ABMT, 4 are
      still in CR after 2+, 14+, 17+, and 120+, weeks. Of the 9 patients treated with
      BAVC regimen, 8(88.8%) achieved CR. Four patients relapsed after a median of 19.7
      weeks and 4 are still in complete remission. Of interest is the fact that the
      second complete remission of one patient is longer than the first one, despite
      the fact that marrow was not purified by any in vitro treatment. In conclusion we
      can say that BAVC regimen is highly effective in obtaining second complete
      remission in patients with AML and prolonged disease free survival can be
      achieved at least in a small number of cases.

PMID- 3889508
TI  - Immunodiagnosis of childhood ALL with monoclonal antibodies to myeloid and
      lymphoid associated antigens.
AB  - Sixty-five cryopreserved leukemic samples from children diagnosed and treated as
      having acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were retrospectively examined for the
      presence of lymphoid and myeloid associated antigens by indirect
      immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies. Expectedly, the majority of these
      specimens expressed antigens known to be expressed on lymphoid, and not myeloid
      malignancies. These included the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen
      (CALLA), the p32 B-cell associated antigen, and T-cell associated antigens.
      Leukemic cells from the 8 remaining patients expressed antigens known to be
      present on both myeloid and lymphoid leukemias. These included HLA/DR, and the
      antigens identified by BA-1 and BA-2. Cells from 2 of these 8 patients reacted
      with antibodies that define antigens present on normal and malignant myeloid
      cells. Both specimens reacted with 1G10, an anti-granulocyte antibody, and one
      reacted with 5F1 which reacts with monocytes, nucleated red blood cells,
      megakaryocytes and platelets. One of these patients relapsed while receiving ALL
      therapy, and the morphology of her leukemic cells became characteristic of acute
      monocytic leukemia (AMoL). The second patient failed ALL therapy but responded to
      standard acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) therapy, clearing her peripheral
      blasts. Thus these studies confirm that cell surface phenotyping with monoclonal
      antibodies can recognize ALL cells that express myeloid rather than lymphoid
      associated antigens and demonstrate that the malignant cells display a clinical
      behavior consistent with the diagnosis of ANLL.

PMID- 3889509
TI  - Bregma, lambda and the interaural midpoint in stereotaxic surgery with rats of
      different sex, strain and weight.
AB  - Craniometric and stereotaxic data from rats of different sex, strain and weight
      were compared. It was found that stereotaxic atlases can be used with rats of
      different sex and strain provided that the weights of the rats conform to those
      used in the reference atlas. If rats of different weights are used, greater
      accuracy can be achieved if bregma is used as the reference point for work with
      rostral structures and the interaural line for work with caudal structures.

PMID- 3889510
TI  - Techniques for improving stereotaxic accuracy in Macaca fascicularis.
AB  - Sources of stereotaxic variability in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis)
      were examined by X-ray techniques. Accuracy in the vertical dimension can be
      improved significantly by measuring from the top of the brain rather than from
      the Frankfurt plane established by external bony landmarks. Even greater accuracy
      in both the vertical and anterior-posterior dimensions can be attained by
      rotating the cranium in the stereotaxic instrument to bring the intercommissural
      line, as defined by ventriculography, into a plane parallel to the horizontal
      stereotaxic plane, thus approximating the orientation of the brain as represented
      in both of the brain atlases currently available for this species. An adjustable
      eyebar spacer, which allows the cranium to be rotated in the stereotaxic
      instrument, is described.

PMID- 3889511
TI  - Pulmonary aspects of chronic liver disease and liver transplantation.
AB  - A vast spectrum of pulmonary pathologic conditions occurs in association with
      chronic liver diseases, and clinically important manifestations, such as arterial
      hypoxemia, can result. Both pulmonary vascular and parenchymal abnormalities can
      contribute to the dysfunction, as evidenced by results of pulmonary function
      tests and gas exchange studies. The clinical implications of identifying such
      pulmonary problems range from alleviation of symptoms, especially dyspnea, to
      comprehensive assessment of patients before and after liver transplantation.
      Physicians should be aware of these potential pulmonary disorders that can
      complicate liver disease and liver transplantation so that management of affected
      patients can be improved.

PMID- 3889512
TI  - Intracranial hypertension in Behcet's disease: demonstration of sinus occlusion
      with use of digital subtraction angiography.
AB  - We describe two patients with Behcet's disease who had symptomatic intracranial
      hypertension due to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. The sinus thrombosis was
      demonstrated by digital subtraction angiography. In those patients with Behcet's
      disease who have unexplained headaches, papilledema, and elevated cerebrospinal
      fluid pressure, venous digital subtraction angiography is an expedient, accurate,
      and safe procedure for demonstrating intracranial venous thrombosis.

PMID- 3889513
TI  - Unilateral nephrectomy in living-related kidney donors is safe and beneficial.

PMID- 3889514
TI  - Changes in protein synthesis and breakdown rates and responsiveness to growth
      factors with ageing in human lung fibroblasts.
AB  - The effects of insulin, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-2 and
      fetal bovine serum on protein synthesis and protein breakdown have been measured
      in mid-passage and senescent cultures of human diploid lung fibroblasts. Each of
      the individual growth factors was a potent inhibitor of protein breakdown with no
      difference in either the maximum response or sensitivity evident between
      senescent cells and mid-passage cultures. Binding of 125I-labelled epidermal
      growth factor per mg of cell protein similarly showed no difference between
      senescent and confluent mid-passage fibroblasts, although sparse mid-passage
      cells bound more of the ligand. These results indicate normal binding and normal
      responsiveness to growth factors in senescent cultures. However, rates of protein
      synthesis are higher in confluent mid-passage cells and especially so in sparse
      mid-passage cells than in senescent cells of intermediate density. Furthermore,
      senescent cells differ from either growth state of mid-passage cells because
      protein synthesis in aged cells is much less responsive to any of the growth
      factors or to fetal bovine serum. It is suggested from these results that the
      reduced ability of serum or growth factors to initiate DNA synthesis or growth in
      ageing cells may be a consequence of an unresponsive protein synthesis pathway
      rather than a generalised defect in growth factor action.

PMID- 3889516
TI  - Sex and the dental lab.

PMID- 3889517
TI  - [Allergy to insulin].

PMID- 3889515
TI  - Reduction of filamin in late passage human diploid fibroblasts (IMR-90).
AB  - Progressive subcultivation of IMR-90 cells results in non-proliferative,
      heterogeneous cultures which may reflect aging of the diploid line (Hayflick,
      Exp. Cell Res., 37 (1965) 614). We have observed that late passage cells exhibit
      different rates of spreading and morphogenesis when compared to early passage
      groups, phenomena which we attribute to altered reassembly of the cytoskeleton in
      senescent cells (Kelley et al. Mech. Ageing Dev., 13 (1980) 127). To determine
      whether potential differences in cytoskeletal proteins develop with progressive
      subcultivation, early and late passage cultures were extracted with 0.5% Triton X
      100 for 1 min followed by 1.0% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) prior to separation
      and characterization of extracted proteins by electrophoresis on 7.5-15% gradient
      SDS gels. Extractions were made of both culture groups 3, 6 and 24 h after
      reseeding. Cytoskeletal ultrastructure at each stage of spreading was examined
      either in replicas of extracted cells or directly by scanning electron
      microscopy. Although considerable variation in cytoskeletal organization was
      observed, qualitative differences in gel banding patterns of actin, myosin and
      tubulin were not apparent at selected time points. However, late passage cells at
      6 h and 24 h did not exhibit filamin associated with the Triton insoluble
      fraction as did early passage cells. Since it has been demonstrated that filamin
      is capable of cross-linking actin microfilaments into bundles or sheets, we
      suggest that it is a principal element for the variant cell shape and
      cytoskeletal morphology observed during altered spreading behavior of late
      passage human diploid fibroblasts.

PMID- 3889518
TI  - [Poisoning by bismuth salts].

PMID- 3889519
TI  - [Beta-hemolytic streptococcal group B endocarditis (Streptococcus agalactiae)].

PMID- 3889520
TI  - [Bases and current indications for plasma exchange].

PMID- 3889521
TI  - [Malaria: is it reappearing as an endemic disease in Spain?].

PMID- 3889522
TI  - [Spontaneous pneumoperitoneum and mechanical ventilation].

PMID- 3889523
TI  - Knowledge acquisition in the development of an introductory guide to diagnosis in
      rheumatology.

PMID- 3889524
TI  - [Curative and economic advantages can be reached with increased use of
      ultrasonics].

PMID- 3889525
TI  - [New monoclonal antibody technic in determination of CKMB in serum from patients
      with acute heart symptoms].

PMID- 3889526
TI  - [AIDS and AIDS-related diseases--clinical manifestations and therapy].

PMID- 3889528
TI  - New instrument: intranasal needle holder.

PMID- 3889527
TI  - Carcinoid of the larynx: a report of three cases and a review of the literature.
AB  - Carcinoid tumors are among the exceptional neoplasms of the larynx. The laryngeal
      carcinoid was first described in 1969 by Goldman, et al. Only 16 cases could be
      traced from the literature. This paper describes three additional cases. In one
      patient, the tumor infiltrated the laryngeal tissues and metastasized to the
      cervical lymph nodes breast. In the second case, the polypoid lesion could be
      excised completely. The third case was initially diagnosed as undifferentiated
      squamous cell carcinoma. The diagnosis of carcinoid was made a few years later
      when a metastasis was removed. The presence of intracellular membrane bound
      neurosecretory granules and positive argyrophilia in the Grimelius stain are
      characteristic. In half of the cases described in the literature, the tumor was
      initially misdiagnosed as undifferentiated carcinoma. The treatment of choice is
      surgical removal which may be curative. The literature is reviewed.

PMID- 3889529
TI  - Cardiovascular activities of intravenous methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 and
      methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 in the conscious dog.
AB  - The preproenkephalin A molecule from the adrenal medulla contains the opioid
      peptides methionine-enkephalin (Met-ENK), leucine-enkephalin (Leu-ENK),
      methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (heptapeptide), and methionine-enkephalin-Arg6
      Gly7-Leu8 (octapeptide). In the conscious, chronically instrumented dog, Met-ENK
      and Leu-ENK simultaneously increase heart rate and systemic arterial pressure
      following intravenous administration. In 19 of 23 dogs, heptapeptide produced a
      response identical to Met-ENK and Leu-ENK, which was inhibited by naloxone but
      unaffected by the dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor SQ20881. However, in four
      dogs, heptapeptide produced only a fall in systemic pressure associated with an
      increase in heart rate despite characteristic Met-ENK responses in the same dogs;
      naloxone did not appear to alter this hypotensive response. Octapeptide produced
      slight increases in systemic pressure and heart rate. These data suggest that
      heptapeptide may possess intrinsic cardiovascular activity at opiate receptors;
      however, in certain dogs, non-opiate mechanisms, perhaps histamine release, may
      predominate.

PMID- 3889530
TI  - Chronic human schistosomiasis mansoni-schistosomal antigen, immunoglobulins and
      complement C3 detection in the liver.
AB  - The distribution of schistosomal antigen, immunoglobulins and complement C3 was
      studied by IF stain in 26 biopsies of human liver from 21 cases of hepatosplenic
      and five of intestinal schistosomiasis mansoni. Schistosomal antigen and
      immunoglobulins, chiefly of the IgG class and in a lesser intensity complement
      C3, were seen focally as scanty deposits in cells of the sinusoidal wall. They
      probably correspond to antigen-antibody insoluble large aggregates which are
      being removed by local cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Gamma globulin
      of the IgG class and antigens were also present in the granuloma around S.
      mansoni eggs and dead worms in the human liver. During the early phase of the
      granulomatous reaction the structure was not efficient enough to wall off
      completely the antigen, which is seen in cells at the center of the granuloma. As
      the granuloma matures, antigen demonstration becomes restricted to the
      miracidium, and immunoglobulins are observed mainly at the periphery. The
      kinetics of the granuloma formation with intralesional antibody presence promote
      a progressive antigen neutralization.

PMID- 3889531
TI  - Immunoglobulin-containing plasma cells in acute hepatitis.
AB  - Imunoglobulin(Ig)-containing plasma cells in human liver were investigated in
      different aetiological and histological forms of acute hepatitis. Liver specimens
      from 93 patients with acute hepatitis (A, B, non-A, non-B and drug-induced) were
      studied by conventional microscopy and by immunoperoxidase staining for IgG, IgA
      and IgM in paraffin sections. Plasma cells were found in 78 of 93 specimens and
      Ig-containing cells in 75. IgG-containing cells were significantly more abundant
      in acute hepatitis with bridging necrosis than in other forms (p less than 0.01),
      and there were more IgA-containing cells than in the classical and periportal
      forms (p less than 0.05). IgG-containing cells were more numerous in acute
      hepatitis with periportal or panacinar necrosis than in the classical form (p
      less than 0.05). IgG- and IgA-containing cells were less abundant in drug-induced
      hepatitis than in viral hepatitis (p less than 0.05). Among the viral groups the
      largest number of IgG-containing cells was found in non-A, non-B hepatitis, while
      IgA-containing cells were most abundant in type A. These differences were not
      statistically significant. IgM-containing cells were very scanty in all groups
      studied. It is concluded that Ig-producing plasma cells are common in acute viral
      hepatitis and presumably play a part in antibody-dependent immune reactions in
      this disease.

PMID- 3889532
TI  - The role of prostacyclin in patients with portal hypertension.
AB  - The serum levels of prostacyclin in portal venous blood samples from patients
      with portal hypertension were measured by radioimmunoassay to assess the role of
      prostacyclin in this clinical entity. Portal venous prostacyclin activity
      exceeded peripheral venous activity 2-3 fold in both cirrhotics and non
      cirrhotics. The size of esophageal varices showed an inverse relation to the
      concentration of portal venous prostacyclin in the cirrhotics. There was no
      significant difference between the portal vein pressure and the size of varices,
      and the portal vein pressure did not correlate with the concentration of 6 keto
      PGF1 alpha. Thus, serum levels of portal venous prostacyclin may depend on the
      development of collateral circulation in cirrhotics and increased splanchnic
      blood flow probably accelerates the washout effect.

PMID- 3889533
TI  - [Radiotherapy of wounds and other injuries (with reference to World War II
      experience)].

PMID- 3889534
TI  - [40th anniversary of victory in World War II].

PMID- 3889535
TI  - [The Moscow Scientific Research Roentgenoradiological Institute of the RFSFR
      Ministry of Health in World War II, 1941-1945].

PMID- 3889536
TI  - [Possibilities of using citon for examining the kidneys].
AB  - To determine the area of application of citon, a radiopharmaceutical produced in
      Hungary, a study was made of its major pharmacokinetic properties with relation
      to the nature and rate of its release from the blood, selective renal excretion,
      the time of diffusing from the plasma and the time of passing through the
      kidneys. A total of 45 patients were examined with the help of a computerized
      gamma-chamber and renograph in the course of dynamic scintigraphy and renography.
      Analysing the data obtained on the basis of a chamber model of the indicator
      behavior, using appropriate processing of the recorded curves one can conclude
      that the behavior of citon differed little from that of other filtrating agents,
      such as 99mTc-DTPA.

PMID- 3889537
TI  - [Roentgenologists at the front in World War II].

PMID- 3889538
TI  - [Method of comparative evaluation of the strength of the joint between dental
      porcelain and metal].

PMID- 3889539
TI  - Hepatic triglyceride lipase is not an insulin-dependent enzyme in rats.
AB  - The aim of this study is to examine whether insulin regulates the activity of
      hepatic triglyceride lipase. The activities of both hepatic triglyceride lipase
      (H-TGL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were measured in plasma after intravenous
      administration of heparin. Insulin-deficient diabetic rats had normal H-TGL
      activity. Insulin-treated normal rats had no different enzyme activities from
      those of controls. Ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesioned rats that became
      obese and showed hyperinsulinemia, had also normal enzyme activities. From these
      experiments, it is concluded that H-TGL is not an insulin-dependent enzyme. As
      far as LPL is concerned, this enzyme was increased in both insulin-treated rats
      and rats with VMH lesions. This was consistent with the established fact that
      insulin has a stimulatory effect on adipose tissue LPL. The LPL activity in
      postheparin plasma was not decreased in insulin-deficient rats. It is speculated
      that a possible increase in muscle LPL compensated for the low adipose tissue LPL
      in diabetic rats.

PMID- 3889540
TI  - Mebendazole and insulin secretion from isolated rat islets.
AB  - In a preliminary communication we reported that mebendazole, a vermicide,
      decreased plasma glucose and free fatty acid concentrations and increased plasma
      C peptide concentrations in both type II diabetic patients. Therefore, we
      suggested that mebendazole was an insulin secretagogue. However, these were
      uncontrolled studies, and improved metabolic control in these patients due to
      spontaneous remission rather than drug-induced insulin secretion was a
      possibility. To investigate the direct effect of mebendazole on insulin secretion
      we used intact islets isolated from normal rat pancreata. Mebendazole in
      concentrations as low as 10 to 20 mumol/L caused a twofold to threefold increase
      in acute-phase insulin release from isolated perifused rat islets. This
      heightened insulin release occurred in the presence of glucose-stimulated insulin
      secretion.

PMID- 3889541
TI  - Changes in lipid metabolism in diet-induced obesity.
AB  - Mature male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a powdered Purina Chow diet containing corn
      oil and condensed milk (CM) were compared to rats fed a Purina Chow diet
      (control). CM rats gained more weight and consumed more calories over a 73-day
      period than the control rats. The increased weight gain and body fat in CM rats
      was accompanied by increased cell number in retroperitoneal and inguinal but not
      epididymal fat pads while cell size was unchanged in all three pads. After
      obesity had developed there was an increase in insulin levels, lipolysis, hepatic
      fatty acid synthesis, and fatty acid oxidation. While CM rats demonstrated
      hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycerolemia, they maintained normal glucagon and
      glucose levels. They demonstrated higher rates of fatty acid synthesis in
      isolated hepatocytes but not in vivo, suggesting that a greater potential for
      fatty acid synthesis in CM rats was masked in vivo by the inhibitory action of
      dietary lipids. Beta-oxidation of (1-14C) palmitate in vivo and in vitro, and in
      vivo ketogenesis were greater in CM than in chow fed rats. These studies
      demonstrate that, after the development of obesity, CM rats, like genetically
      obese Zucker rats, are hyperinsulinemic and have elevated levels of fatty acid
      synthesis. However, unlike obese Zucker rats, CM rats displayed an increase in
      beta-oxidation. These studies suggest that increased insulin levels and hepatic
      fatty acid synthesis may contribute to dietary obesity (as they do to genetic
      obesity), whereas increased fatty acid oxidation in dietary obesity may be a
      compensatory response to maintain a lower body weight.

PMID- 3889542
TI  - An overview of medical expert systems.

PMID- 3889543
TI  - Knowledge acquisition for expert systems: experience in leukaemia diagnosis.

PMID- 3889544
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a regulatory region of the uidA gene in Escherichia coli
      K12.
AB  - Multiple regulatory events are involved in the expression of the uidA gene. A
      regulatory region of this gene has been located on a 460 base pair Sau3A-EcoRI
      fragment and its nucleotide sequence was determined by the dideoxy method using
      pEMBL plasmids. A preliminary analysis of this sequence revealed the presence of
      numerous palindromic structures with some overlaps.

PMID- 3889545
TI  - Purification of alpha-hemolysin from an overproducing E. coli strain.
AB  - The genetic determinant of the alpha-hemolysin encoded by plasmid pHly152 has
      been cloned in both orientations in plasmid pBR322 giving rise to plasmids pSU157
      and pSU158. E. coli strains carrying either of these recombinant Hly plasmids
      produced about 20 times more hemolysin activity than the parental plasmid
      pHly152, when grown in minimal medium supplemented with hemoglobin. Thus high
      hemolytic activity is not lethal to the cells, contrary to previous assumptions.
      alpha-Hemolysin was purified from culture supernatants of strain SU100 (pSU157)
      by ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration in Sephacryl S-200 in the
      presence of 6 M urea. When purified alpha-hemolysin preparations were subjected
      to electrophoretic analysis in denaturing conditions, a single 107 kdal
      polypeptide was observed. This probably corresponds to the alpha-hemolysin
      protein, since an isogenic E. coli strain carrying plasmid pSU161, an Hly- mutant
      derivative of pSU157, did not synthesize the 107 kdal polypeptide.

PMID- 3889546
TI  - Mechanism of transient inhibition of DNA synthesis in ultraviolet-irradiated E.
      coli: inhibition is independent of recA whilst recovery requires RecA protein
      itself and an additional, inducible SOS function.
AB  - The mechanism of the inhibition and of the recovery of DNA synthesis in E. coli
      following UV-irradiation was analysed in several mutants defective in repair or
      in the regulation of the RecA-LexA dependent SOS response. Several lines of
      evidence indicated that inhibition is not an inducible function and is probably
      due to the direct effect of lesions in the template blocking replisome movement.
      Recovery of DNA synthesis after UV was largely unaffected by mutations in the
      uvrA, recB or umuC genes. Resumption of DNA synthesis does however require
      protein synthesis and the regulatory action of recA. Experiments with a recA
      constitutive mutant and recA 200 (temperature sensitive RecA) demonstrated that
      RecA protein itself is directly required but is not sufficient for recovery of
      DNA synthesis. We therefore propose that recovery of DNA synthesis depends upon
      the concerted activity of RecA and the synthesis of an inducible Irr (induced
      replisome reactivation) factor under RecA control. We suggest that the mechanism
      of recovery involves the action of Irr and RecA to promote movement of replisomes
      past non-instructive lesions, uncoupled from polymerisation and/or that Irr and
      RecA are required to promote re-initiation of a stalled replication complex
      downstream of a UV-lesion subsequent to such an uncoupling step.

PMID- 3889547
TI  - A mutant plasmid with increased stability of holding and polymerization in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - A yeast mutant plasmid, pX, showing increased stability of holding in mitotic and
      meiotic cell division, was isolated from an unstable plasmid, YRp7, which
      consists of pBR322 and a 1.4 kilobase (kb) fragment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      carrying the TRP1 gene and the autonomously replicating sequence, ARS1. The pX
      plasmid exists as circular molecules in a series of polymeric forms from the
      monomer to the 20-mer or more, consisting, except for the monomer, of even
      numbers of unit molecules in tandem arrangement. The pX monomer consists solely
      of a yeast DNA fragment of 849 base pairs (bp) containing the TRP1 and ARS1
      sequences derived from the 1.4 kb yeast fragment of YRp7. The copy number of pX
      was calculated to be 20 as monomer units per genome. The ARS1 region was
      delimited to 80 bp by this mutation and the region essential for the ARS function
      was discussed.

PMID- 3889548
TI  - Replicating instabilities in yeast: occurrence in different mutational systems.
AB  - Following mutagenesis of yeast cells with nitrosoguanidine, primary mosaic
      colonies exhibiting prototrophic/auxotrophic phenotypes were obtained. Upon
      replating of these primary mosaics, numerous secondary mosaics were present in
      the progeny. This study shows that replicating instabilities occur at many
      different loci within the Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome. In addition, the ade
      1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (causing red pigmentation) was used to show
      that the phenomenon also occurs in this yeast.

PMID- 3889549
TI  - Cloning and mapping of the sporulation gene, spoT7, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - In order to isolate a DNA fragment able to complement a sporulation-deficient
      mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a simple screening procedure was devised
      which was based on the difference in osmotic sensitivity between protoplasts and
      spores. A plasmid (pHT7) containing a 13 kb DNA insert that complemented the
      spoT7 mutation was isolated from a yeast genomic library prepared in the vector
      YEp13. Gene spoT7 was linked to rna1 at 1.2 cM and to mak27 at 7.2 cM on the
      right arm of chromosome XIII. Mapping of the cloned gene following integration
      into the chromosome showed that the cloned gene was allelic to spoT7 and that a
      part of the RNA1 gene was also cloned into the same fragment. Gene spoT7 was
      localized on a 5 kb DNA fragment by further subcloning.

PMID- 3889550
TI  - In vivo transcription from deletion mutations introduced near Escherichia coli
      ribosomal RNA promoter P2.
AB  - In order to characterize the tandem rrnB promoters transcribing one of the
      ribosomal RNA operons in E. coli we subcloned the basic promoter unit. This 185
      bp fragment extends from -64 to +121 counted from the transcription start site of
      upstream promoter P1. The start site of downstream promoter P2 is also included
      in the promoter cartridge. S1 mapping experiments show that both promoters on
      this fragment are active in vivo. BAL-31 deletion mutations generated at the
      start site for promoter P2 were also tested by S1 mapping. Transcription from P2
      remained active in all cases with the exception of one construction which lacks
      the -10 region. This demonstrates that the sequences downstream from the -10
      region of P2 are not essential for basic promoter function.

PMID- 3889551
TI  - Mutations in the sigma subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase which affect positive
      control of transcription.
AB  - The sigma subunits of bacterial RNA polymerases are required for the selective
      initiation of transcription. We have isolated and characterized mutations in
      rpoD, the gene which encodes the major form of sigma in E. coli, which affect the
      selectivity of transcription. These mutations increase the expression of araBAD
      up to 12-fold in the absence of CAP-cAMP. Expression of lac is unaffected, while
      expression of malT-activated operons is decreased. We determined the DNA sequence
      of 17 independently isolated mutations, and found that they consist of three
      different changes in a single CGC arginine codon at position 596 in the sigma
      polypeptide.

PMID- 3889553
TI  - Biochemical and genetic analysis of an acatalasic rho+ mutant of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - The previously described acatalasic rho+ strain R-6 has been studied in order to
      determine the type of mutation responsible for its inability to produce catalase.
      Induction conditions for catalase activity and temperature influence on the
      behaviour of this strain were assayed. Furthermore, haploid progeny arising from
      crosses between R-6 and other strains (rho+, rho- and rho0) was examined for
      catalase levels. From the data obtained a hypothetical interaction between
      nuclear and mitochondrial genomes in relation to catalase biosynthesis is
      discussed.

PMID- 3889552
TI  - Lysis protein encoded by plasmid ColA-CA31. Gene sequence and export.
AB  - A gene, cal, coding for a polypeptide needed for the release of colicin A from
      Escherichia coli cells has been identified by transposon insertion. The cal gene
      was located on the ColA plasmid map adjacent to cai, the gene coding for colicin
      A immunity protein, and therefore 592 bases downstream from caa, the structural
      gene for colicin A. Transcription of cal is in the same direction as caa, that is
      in the opposite direction to cai. Its sequence has been determined and the
      predicted amino acid composition features a basic N-terminal end followed by a
      serie of hydrophobic residues similar to the signal sequence in precursors of
      exported proteins. The C-terminal part also contains a core of hydrophobic
      residues. The overall amino acid sequence of the cal protein is homologous to
      that of lytic proteins encoded by the related plasmids pColE1, and pCloDF13. The
      cal protein has been identified on urea-SDS-polyacrylamide gels by selective
      labelling with various radioactive amino acids and its synthesis is co-induced
      with that of colicin A. The cal protein undergoes slow processing with loss of
      the N-terminal "signal" region and the mature form is released into the medium
      together with colicin A.

PMID- 3889554
TI  - Growth and adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at different cadmium
      concentrations.
AB  - The effect of 0, 5, 10 and 25 mg l-1 cadmium on the growth of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae in defined medium has been investigated. It was found that the length
      of the lag phase increased with cadmium concentration and that metal uptake
      during the lag phase occurred only at a cadmium concentration of 25 mg l-1.
      However, metal uptake occurred at all cadmium concentrations during the
      exponential phase. The yeast was gradually adapted to cadmium by a series of
      subcultures which resulted in a decrease in the length of the lag phase.
      Adaptation also caused a reduction in the cadmium uptake during the lag phase at
      25 mg l-1 cadmium but did not affect uptake during the exponential phase at any
      concentration. A single passage through cadmium-free medium partially reversed
      the adaptation process. Sulphide production was enhanced significantly when the
      yeast was grown in the presence of increasing cadmium concentrations. However, at
      5 mg l-1 cadmium, adapted cells produced less sulphide than unadapted cells,
      whilst at 10 and 25 mg l-1 cadmium the production of sulphide was similar for
      adapted and unadapted cells.

PMID- 3889555
TI  - Incorporation of dexamethasone by Candida albicans.
AB  - The incorporation of 3H-dexamethasone into Candida albicans has been studied. The
      results indicate that the steroid is incorporated unchanged and primarily into
      the cell wall and membrane of the organism. The incorporation appears to be of a
      noncovalent type.

PMID- 3889557
TI  - Morphological changes in spherical E. coli induced by a DC electrical field.
AB  - Normally spherical cells of Escherichia coli C when grown on a solid minimal
      salts medium through which an electrical current was passed, developed as short
      rods, or occasionally, as longer filaments. Currents of up to 30 mA DC were used.

PMID- 3889556
TI  - Influence of the genetic background on cell division and cell lysis: behaviour of
      different Escherichia coli strains carrying the ts-52 or the ftsA-3 mutation.
AB  - The analysis of Escherichia coli strains harbouring division mutations, namely
      the ts-52 or the ftsA-3 division alleles, in different genetic backgrounds showed
      that treatment with chloramphenicol in cells incubated at the restrictive
      temperature induced either cell lysis (ts-52 and ftsA-3 in MC-6 genetic
      background) or cell division (ts-52 in OV-2 genetic background). This
      chloramphenicol treatment of ftsA-3 filaments (previously designated at divA)
      does not induce cell division but does induce cell lysis.

PMID- 3889558
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of megamodulin, a heat-stable protein
      factor from E. coli and its stimulatory effect on RNA polymerase holoenzyme.
AB  - Megamodulin, a heat-stable protein from Escherichia coli was isolated and
      purified near homogeneity as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. It had a molecular weight of 71,000 and pl between 3.5 and
      4.0. This factor stimulated E. coli RNA polymerase 71-fold in the presence of a
      synthetic template such as poly (rA).p(dT). When TATAAA sequence was used as
      template, the RNA polymerase activity was increased 68 times by this factor. The
      possible mechanism by which this protein factor may regulate the RNA polymerase
      activity has been described.

PMID- 3889559
TI  - Intrinsic energy potential of Mycobacterium lepraemurium essential for growth in
      NC-5 medium.
AB  - The intrinsic energy potential of the fastidious mycobacterium, Mycobacterium
      lepraemurium, essential for growth in axenic liquid medium was determined by
      ultraviolet irradiation of the inoculum. The growth potential in NC-5 medium of
      irradiated inocula was measured by an ultrasensitive method of adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP) using a luciferin-luciferase acceptor system. The results
      indicate that growth of bacilli ceased when more than one third of the ATP pool
      in 7 X 10(6) cells was lost. The residual level of ATP is roughly equivalent to
      that found in 10(5) non-irradiated cells.

PMID- 3889560
TI  - Comparable worth of nursing director salaries.

PMID- 3889561
TI  - A common pathway for chemical-induced tissue injury and immune responses leading
      to hypersensitivity and/or carcinogenesis.
AB  - A common requirement for chemical-induced allergy, carcinogenesis and certain
      forms of liver injury appears to be the ability of the chemical to react with
      protein and/or nucleic acid to form covalent conjugates. Tests to detect immune
      responses to such conjugates can provide useful information concerning the
      propensity of an individual to convert normally innocuous chemicals to immuno
      reactive forms under physiological conditions and may provide an indicator of the
      risk for developing one of the above disorders. They will enable offending
      substances and their active metabolites to be identified, the status of diseases
      which they induce determined, and the degree to which exposure has been avoided
      monitored. Very few studies have been published relating to this important
      problem. Implications of this approach are discussed.

PMID- 3889562
TI  - Hyperinsulinemia in myotonic dystrophy: identity of the maternal factor causing
      the neonatal myotonic dystrophy syndrome.
AB  - An environmental factor acting on the fetus is thought to cause a neonatal
      syndrome characterized by marked muscular hypotonia, lack of respiratory drive
      and feeding difficulties, in some infants born to mothers with myotonic
      dystrophy. Mortality is high, especially amongst those babies born prematurely,
      but muscle strength and tone improve rapidly in survivors. Nevertheless, most
      survivors have physical deformities and mental retardation and are thought to
      develop myotonic dystrophy later. We propose that alterations in maternal insulin
      secretion (usual in myotonic dystrophy subjects) alter fetal blood glucose and
      amino acid levels and retard growth and maturation of fetal skeletal muscle. This
      leads to severe muscular hypotonia in affected infants. Also, we suggest that
      infants who die during the perinatal period may not have inherited the defective
      autosomal dominant gene that causes myotonic dystrophy.

PMID- 3889563
TI  - Multifactorial pathogenesis: ought we to classify disease or treat the
      individual's causes of disease?
AB  - Added to the uniqueness of most of us imparted by HLA, our individual differences
      in the expression of other genetic traits, foetal period steroid imprints on
      brain and other functions, and regulators shared by body and mind indicate that
      each one of us (except most monozygotic twins) is born as a unique individual
      whole (I). Mechanisms suspected to be contributing ones in classified synovitides
      appear to correspond to individually exaggerated or depressed modes of response
      by physiological mechanisms linked to our unique individual wholes (II). If we
      upgrade the importance of influences of combinations of 'contributing'
      mechanisms, the importance of the alleged unknown fundamental causes of these
      diseases diminishes (III). This broad interpretation of 'multifactorial
      pathogenesis' can probably be applied to many common types of disease (IV),
      implying that disease classifications may poorly reflect the individual's causes
      of disease (V). There is reason to challenge modern concepts about disease (VI).

PMID- 3889564
TI  - Diethylstilbestrol, genetics, teratogenesis, and tumor spectrum in humans.
AB  - Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is the first example of transplacental carcinogenesis in
      humans, as evidenced by an excess of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and
      cervix in exposed women. We hypothesize that: 1) in utero DES exposure will be
      responsible for a broader spectrum of cancer with variable age of onset as a
      function of latency effects in exposed humans of both sexes; 2) teratogenicity of
      DES will be more far-reaching than currently recognized and will harbor cancer
      implications in the face of known associations between teratogenesis and
      carcinogenesis; and 3) genetic heterogeneity will be a critical etiologic
      discriminant in DES associated cancer. This hypothesis embraces a prodigious body
      of data at the infrahuman level, as well as extant pharmacogenetic and ecogenetic
      observations in humans which signify heritable variations in response to
      environmental carcinogenic exposures. This hypothesis has important implications
      for drug testing with appropriate preventive strategies. Herein, particular
      restraints with monitoring through governmental legal channels must be employed.
      Past experience has clearly indicated negligence in shouldering this
      responsibility by both the pharmaceutical industry and government regulatory
      bodies.

PMID- 3889565
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative methods for investigating gas emboli in blood.
AB  - Methods for investigating gas emboli in blood include timed collection of a
      sample of blood, with subsequent gravitational separation of bubbles or, for more
      rapid assessment, measurement of bulk compressibility; examination of small
      samples (usually taken as slipstreams) by optical or electrical impedance
      devices; and ultrasonography. No method is overwhelmingly superior to the others,
      as all have deficiencies. The representativeness of the samples examined is a
      problem that has frequently been overlooked. Developments in the ultrasonic
      method, including newer transducer materials and signal processing, promise
      interesting developments in the next few years.

PMID- 3889566
TI  - Biophysical aspects of gas bubbles in blood.
AB  - The widespread use of bubble oxygenators during cardiopulmonary bypass has raised
      questions concerning the production and introduction of gaseous microemboli (GME)
      into patients. An understanding of the complications associated with GME requires
      awareness of the biophysical and biochemical responses that occur between bubbles
      and blood. The production of GME as well as their interactions with each other
      and with blood products are examined. These interactions can influence the data
      collected from Doppler ultrasound devices and the development of organ
      dysfunction.

PMID- 3889568
TI  - On the medicopolitical beat.

PMID- 3889567
TI  - Current concepts in periodontal diseases.
AB  - Periodontal diseases are common oral diseases that afflict all humans to some
      degree. The major aetiological agent is dental plaque--the complex microflora
      which forms on teeth in the absence of effective oral hygiene. The interaction of
      the microbial flora and the periodontal tissues produces an inflammatory response
      and tissue breakdown. Recent information has categorized periodontal diseases on
      the basis of increased knowledge about the particular microorganisms associated
      with the different clinical conditions. In addition, the important role of host
      defences, in particular the phagocytic cellular elements, has allowed for a
      better understanding of the pathological processes. This knowledge is
      contributing towards the development of rational and effective therapy for all
      forms of periodontal diseases. Because of the widespread occurrence of
      periodontal diseases and their potential relationships to systemic conditions, it
      is important that medical practitioners should be able to recognize, and be
      conversant with methods of treatment of, these diseases.

PMID- 3889569
TI  - Oral acyclovir for genital herpes simplex infection.

PMID- 3889570
TI  - Dihydroergotamine-heparin to prevent postoperative deep vein thrombosis.

PMID- 3889571
TI  - Bitolterol--a new bronchodilator.

PMID- 3889572
TI  - Rapid office diagnostic tests for streptococcal pharyngitis.

PMID- 3889573
TI  - Strong adjuvanticity of bacterial lipopolysaccharides possessing the
      homopolysaccharides consisting of mannose as the O-specific polysaccharide
      chains.
AB  - The lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Klebsiella 03 and 05 and Escherichia coli 08
      and 09 are unique in having linear homopolysaccharides consisting of mannose as
      the O-specific polysaccharide chains. All four kinds of LPS were found to exhibit
      very strong adjuvanticity in induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to
      ovalbumin in mice compared with other kinds of LPS from Klebsiella, E. coli and
      Salmonella. Even if the natural forms of Klebsiella 03 LPS and 01 LPS were
      converted to various defined uniform salt forms, their adjuvanticity did not
      differ significantly from that of the respective natural forms. It was concluded
      therefore that the difference in strength of the adjuvanticity between them is
      not due to the difference in their salt forms, solubility and physical state.
      Correspondingly, with strong adjuvanticity of Klebsiella 03 LPS and 05 LPS, their
      activity in enlarging the regional lymph node was also strong. Various uniform
      salt forms of Klebsiella 03 LPS caused stronger regional lymph node enlargement
      than those of Klebsiella 01 LPS. However, the activity of E. coli 08 LPS and 09
      LPS in enlarging the regional lymph node was significantly weaker than that of
      Klebsiella 03 LPS and 05 LPS, and there were other kinds of LPS which showed a
      capacity to enlarge the regional lymph node similar to that of E. coli 08 LPS and
      09 LPS, despite their weak adjuvanticity. Therefore, correlation did not
      necessarily exist between the degree of adjuvanticity of LPS and its activity in
      enlarging the regional lymph node.

PMID- 3889574
TI  - [Toluidine blue (tolonium chloride) in the early diagnosis of dysplasias and
      carcinomas of the oral mucosa].

PMID- 3889575
TI  - [Infrared spectrophotometry and atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis of
      solutions of different detergents for dentures and orthodontic appliances].

PMID- 3889576
TI  - [Nefopam in the treatment of dental pain].

PMID- 3889577
TI  - [Analysis of the biological effects of soft lasers].

PMID- 3889578
TI  - [Osteoperiosteal graft in mandibular reconstruction].

PMID- 3889579
TI  - Who's paying for elderly health care?

PMID- 3889580
TI  - Implications of PRO denials for Missouri hospitals and physicians.

PMID- 3889581
TI  - [History of pancreatectomy--with special reference to pancreatic cancer].

PMID- 3889582
TI  - [Hyperdynamic state induced by continuous infusion of E. coli endotoxin in dogs].
AB  - It is well established that septic shock is caused by Gram-negative endotoxemia,
      and is characterized by hyperdynamic state being observed in the early stage of
      shock. This study is designed to elucidate the hemodynamic and metabolic changes
      induced by continuous infusion of small amount of endotoxin in the dog, with
      special reference to the existence of hyperdynamic state. Seven mongrel dogs were
      continuously infused with 10 micrograms/kg/day of E.coli endotoxin for 4 days
      under fasted, awake condition. All animals revealed mild hypodynamic state with
      severe catabolic responses in protein-energy metabolism. In contrast, 11 dogs
      infused with 36kcal/kg/day of glucose and 10 micrograms/kg/day of endotoxin
      showed marked increase (+30%) in cardiac index, and decrease in mean arterial
      pressure as well as total peripheral resistance, indicating the presence of
      hyperdynamic state. Metabolic studies indicate mild catabolic response.
      Administration of fat emulsion instead of isocaloric glucose has resulted
      transient hyperdynamic state, but failed to maintain this condition. In
      conclusion, it is possible to produce hyperdynamic state similar to that seen in
      septic shock by continuous administration of small amount of endotoxin in the
      dog, provided proper amount of glucose is supplied.

PMID- 3889583
TI  - [Significance of CEA in gastric and colorectal cancer].
AB  - The determination of serum CEA (Sandwich method) and CEA staining (PAP method) of
      excised specimens were performed in patients with gastric or colorectal cancer,
      and the biological characteristics of each cancer and the factors to increase
      serum CEA were studied with the following results: As colonic cancer has strong
      CEA productivity, serum CEA can be useful for the detection of cancer, and
      especially effective for the postoperative observation. Gastric cancer has weak
      CEA productivity, and serum CEA is not so useful in the detection of cancer and
      the judgement of resectability. The CEA positive rate of tissue with CEA staining
      was 80% in gastric cancer, 100% in colonic cancer, and were nearly equal to the
      CEA positive rate of serum in the group of terminal stage. In the mode of CEA
      staining of cancerous cells, IV type was observed most frequently in gastric
      cancer, and I type in colonic cancer. Among the resected cases showing more than
      7ng/ml serum CEA, differentiated type, lymph node metastasis (+), the degree of
      tissue staining with CEA staining, the mode of cell staining O or I type in
      gastric cancer and I type in colonic cancer were observed in common.

PMID- 3889584
TI  - [Analysis of cell surface antigens of gastric cancer and preliminary study of
      clinical application by using mouse monoclonal antibodies produced against
      NUGC3].
AB  - Four monoclonal antibodies (GC301, 302, 303, 304) produced by hybridomas obtained
      from mice immunized with NUGC3 were analyzed by serological assay (Mixed
      Hemadsorption Assay-MHA) and immunoperoxidase technique. GC301(IgG1) showed tumor
      restricted reactivity in serological analysis, but it reacted with fibrous
      interstitial tissues immunohistochemically. GC302(IgG1) was serologically
      reactive with epithelial tumors such as gastric cancers, colon cancers and
      gynecological cancers, but not with brain tumors, melanomas and other normal
      cells. In tissue sections, all gastric cancers, intestinal metaplasia, stomach of
      fetus and bile duct were stained, but brain and hepatocytes were not. These
      results indicate that the antigen detected by GC302 is not only differentiation
      antigen by which gastrointestinal tract could be divided into foregut and midgut
      origins, but also the new type of oncofetal antigen different from CEA. GC302
      would be useful for preoperative detection of gastric cancer in lymph nodes,
      using radioimmunodetection scans. GC303(IgG1) and GC304(IgG1) were broadly
      reactive with various cells in serological assay. Immunohistochemically, GC304
      reacted with submucosal connective tissue, which was inhibited by collagenase.
      The results obtained from GC301 and GC304 suggest the possibility of interaction
      between tumor cells and interstitial tissues.

PMID- 3889585
TI  - [Immune electron microscopy in the study of biological matter].
AB  - A brief review of literature data and our investigations on the antibodies used
      for specific labeling in electron microscopy is presented. Considered are the
      problems connected with structure and function of separate components of
      bacterial viruses revealed by means of specific antibodies. The results of fine
      differentiation of antigenic components in the case of phages of the
      colidysentery group allowed to elucidate the functional role of the adsorption
      apparatus in the course of phage interaction with the bacterial cell. The
      topology of structural proteins (gene-products 35, 36, 37) of the tail's long
      strands for phages T4, DDVI+h and DDVIh is determined. Antigenic properties of
      proteins that are found in the composition of two forms of Bacillus mycoides are
      demonstrated immune-electronmicroscopically. On the basis of this finding, a
      conclusion was made that one of these phages acted as precursor, the other--as
      satellite during the simultaneous development of these phages in the bacterial
      cell. It was also established that temperate and virulent phages are related
      antigenically, which proves that lysogenic bacteria can be one of the phage
      sources on the environmental conditions. Visualization of non-ribosomal genes of
      procaryots that code for structural proteins of a defective phage proves the
      efficiency of the immune-electronmicroscopic method for investigating of
      biological objects.

PMID- 3889586
TI  - [Interaction of Escherichia coli RNA-polymerase with DNA-duplexes containing
      repetitive sequences].
AB  - Nitrocellulose filter binding technique has been used to study the binding of E.
      coli RNA polymerase to synthetic DNA duplexes (100-200 base pairs), containing
      the repeating fragments of promoters. It has been shown, that the duplex,
      containing the repeats of "ideal". Pribnow box forms heparin resistant complexes
      with enzyme, the stability of which is comparable with that of lacUV5 promoter
      complexes (the half life is approximately 200 min). The synthetic polynucleotide
      with repeating trp-promoter-operator sequence less stable complexes with RNA
      polymerase, the half life of which being 30 min.

PMID- 3889587
TI  - [Context analysis of polynucleotide sequences. Methods of detecting non-random
      repeats. I. Direct repeats in genes of beta-, beta'-, sigma subunits of
      Escherichia coli RNA-polymerase].
AB  - A new method of contextual analysis of polynucleotide sequences in developed. The
      method finds nonrandom repeats in the sequences of N bases in length with given
      nucleotide frequencies. The coding regions of genes specifying beta-, beta'-,
      sigma-subunits of E. coli RNA polymerase were analyzed. The high content of short
      repeats was found to correspond to the secondary structure of globular proteins
      coded by the genes. The possible evolutionary role of the nonrandom direct
      repeats in coding regions of genes is discussed.

PMID- 3889588
TI  - [Circular transcription map of the plasmid pBR322].
AB  - The plasmid pBR322 transcription in the isolated E. coli DNA-dependent RNA
      polymerase system was studied. Transcription regions as well as transcripts
      orientation were defined using both the technique of "criss-cross" hybridization
      and the annealing of RNA-products with L- and H-strands of plasmid. Summing up
      obtained data together with available data on promoter localization a circular
      transcription map of plasmid pBR322 was constructed. Effects of heparin, ion
      strength and E. coli S-30 system on in vitro transcripts were also studied. The
      110-long RNA transcript synthesized in Ori region of pBR322 was found to be the
      most sensitive to all these factors. RNA-transcripts obtained in in vitro system
      are able to direct protein synthesis in cell-free S-30 system.

PMID- 3889589
TI  - [Study of the photoaffinity modification of Escherichia coli ribosomes near the
      donor tRNA-binding center].
AB  - Affinity labelling of E. coli ribosomes near the donor tRNA-binding (P) site was
      studied with the use of photoreactive derivatives of tRNAPhe bearing
      arylazidogroups on N7 atoms of guanine residues (azido-tRNA). UV-irradiation of
      complexes 70S ribosome.poly(U).azido- tRNA(P-site) and 70S ribosome.poly(U).azido
      tRNA(P-site).Phe- tRNAPhe(A-site) resulted in covalent attachment of azido-tRNA
      to ribosomes, both subunits being labelled. In both cases modification extent of
      30S subunit was two-fold than that of the 50S one. It was shown that when the A
      site was free the azido-tRNA located in P-site labelled proteins S9, S11, S12,
      S13, S21 and L14, L27, L31. Azido-tRNA located in P-site when the A-site was
      occupied with Phe-tRNAPhe labelled proteins S11, S12, S13, S14, S19, L32/L33 and
      possibly L23, L25. From the comparison of the sets of proteins labelled when A
      site was free or occupied a conclusion was drawn that aminoacyl-tRNA located in
      ribosomal A-site affects the arrangement of deacylated tRNA in P-site. Data
      obtained allow to propose that proteins S5, S19, S20 and L24, L33 interact with
      guanine residues important for the tRNA tertiary structure formation.

PMID- 3889590
TI  - Isolation of alcohol oxidase and two other methanol regulatable genes from the
      yeast Pichia pastoris.
AB  - The oxidation of methanol follows a well-defined pathway and is similar for
      several methylotrophic yeasts. The use of methanol as the sole carbon source for
      the growth of Pichia pastoris stimulates the expression of a family of genes.
      Three methanol-responsive genes have been isolated; cDNA copies have been made
      from mRNAs of these genes, and the protein products from in vitro translations
      have been examined. The identification of alcohol oxidase as one of the cloned,
      methanol-regulated genes has been made by enzymatic, immunological, and sequence
      analyses. Methanol-regulated expression of each of these three isolated genes can
      be demonstrated to occur at the level of transcription. Finally, DNA subfragments
      of two of the methanol-responsive genomic clones from P. pastoris have been
      isolated and tentatively identified as containing the control regions involved in
      methanol regulation.

PMID- 3889591
TI  - Characterization of an essential Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene related to RNA
      processing: cloning of RNA1 and generation of a new allele with a novel
      phenotype.
AB  - The RNA1 gene product is believed to be involved in RNA metabolism due to the
      phenotype of a single conditionally lethal, temperature-sensitive allele, rna1-1.
      We cloned the RNA1 gene and determined that it produces a 1,400-nucleotide
      polyadenylated transcript. On a multicopy plasmid, the mutant rna1-1 allele
      partially complements the rna1-1 temperature-sensitive growth defect. This
      suggests that the temperature-sensitive nature of the rna1-1 allele results from
      the synthesis of a product with lowered activity or stability at elevated
      temperatures or from a decrease in synthesis of the rna1-1 product at the
      restrictive temperature. A chromosomal disruption of RNA1 behaves as a recessive
      lethal mutation. Haploids bearing the disruption were isolated by sporulating a
      diploid heterozygous for the disrupted allele and the rna1-1 allele and
      possessing an episomal copy of the RNA1 gene. Analysis of the rescued haploids
      bearing the chromosomal disruption indicated that the recessive lethal phenotype
      of the RNA1 disruption is not merely due to a block in spore germination.
      Unexpectedly, diploids heterozygous for the disruption and the rna1-1 alleles
      become aneuploid for chromosome XIII at a frequency of 2 to 5%. It appears that
      the disrupted RNA1 allele on a multicopy plasmid also promotes aneuploidy for
      chromosome XIII. Promotion of aneuploidy seems to be a phenotype of this
      particular allele of RNA1.

PMID- 3889592
TI  - Immunoglobulin G: functional sites.

PMID- 3889593
TI  - Galactofuranosyl groups are immunodominant in Aspergillus fumigatus
      galactomannan.
AB  - Aspergillus fumigatus galactomannan was prepared and its structure partially
      characterized. Galactofuranosyl groups were immunodominant when this
      polysaccharide antigen was reacted with antibody raised in rabbits.

PMID- 3889594
TI  - [Latex and coagglutination test of serum and urine in childhood pneumonia].
AB  - 41 children with pneumonia (proven by X-ray) and 271 children with upper
      respiratory tract infections were examined for bacterial antigens (Haemophilus
      influenzae type b and pneumococci) in serum and urine. In patients with pneumonia
      blood cultures, deep nasal swabs and antibody assay in serum (against Mycoplasma
      pneumoniae and Chlamydia) were made. In 271 patients with an upper respiratory
      tract infection also a deep nasal swab for bacterial cultures was performed. In
      29 of 41 patients with pneumonia latex agglutination test was positive (in 15
      patients for Haemophilus antigen, in 14 patients for pneumococcal antigen).
      Coagglutination test was positive in 6 patients (in 1 patient for Haemophilus
      antigen, in 5 patients for pneumococcal antigen). In 12 patients latex
      agglutination was negative; there were other causes of pneumonia (partially viral
      infections). In 5 of 271 patients with an upper respiratory tract infection
      (purulent otitis media) latex agglutination was positive (4 times for
      Haemophilus, once for pneumococcal antigen). Bacteriological investigations
      confirmed the results of latex agglutination test in serum and urine. To avoid
      false positive reactions we recommend heating of serum to 65 degrees C, of urine
      to 100 degrees C for 5 min. Urine should be concentrated 25 times (there were 3
      times more positive results than with unconcentrated urine).

PMID- 3889595
TI  - [Menstrual toxic shock syndrome in a 17-year-old girl].
AB  - In a seventeen-year old female patient fever, vomiting, conjunctivitis,
      pharyngitis, hypotension, exanthema, disorientation and severe myalgia were
      observed on the second day of menstruation. The typical symptoms suggested the
      clinical diagnosis of toxic shock syndrome (TSS). During the period of
      reconvalescence desquamations on hands and feet occurred. From vaginal swabs and
      the tampons Staphylococcus aureus was recovered. In supernatants from cultures
      the strain was found to produce toxic shock toxin (TST). Antibodies against TST
      in the patients serum were not detectable for a period of 70 days after onset of
      the disease. The patient recovered within three weeks, relapses were not
      observed.

PMID- 3889596
TI  - [A case of ruptured congenital neuroblastoma caused by birth injury].
AB  - A 3,900 g full-term male newborn had to be operated on for suspected
      intraabdominal bleeding due to birth injury. Intraoperatively, a tennis-ball
      sized, ruptured tumor between right kidney and liver was found to be the source
      hemorrhage. The tumor was excised in toto. The newborn died 25 hours after the
      end of operation from protracted shock and renal failure. Post mortem examination
      did not reveal further malformations or metastases. Histological diagnosis:
      congenital neuroblastoma of the adrenal gland. Improved antenatal ultrasound
      diagnosis followed by cesarian section could help to improve the prognosis in
      such cases in future.

PMID- 3889597
TI  - Health implications of obesity. National Institutes of Health Consensus
      Development Conference Statement.

PMID- 3889598
TI  - [An esthetic prosthesis using the dowel, dimple-bar system].

PMID- 3889599
TI  - Effects of caffeine on ultraviolet-induced base-pair substitution and frameshift
      mutagenesis in Salmonella.
AB  - Using an excision-deficient, di-auxotrophic, strain of Salmonella typhimurium we
      have shown that caffeine significantly inhibits the formation of ultraviolet
      induced base-pair substitution mutations, but has only a marginal effect on the
      formation of frameshift mutations in the same population of cells.

PMID- 3889600
TI  - A mutagen precursor in Chinese cabbage, indole-3-acetonitrile, which becomes
      mutagenic on nitrite treatment.
AB  - After treatment with nitrite, Chinese cabbage showed direct-acting mutagenicity
      on Salmonella typhimurium TA100 inducing 3100 revertants per g. One of the
      mutagen precursors that became mutagenic after nitrite treatment was isolated,
      and identified as indole-3-acetonitrile. After treatment with nitrite, 1 mg of
      indole-3-acetonitrile induced 17 400 revertants of TA100 and 21 000 revertants of
      TA98 without S9 mix.

PMID- 3889601
TI  - Ethanol-induced genotoxicity.
AB  - Unrelated, nondenatured, ethanol preparations, derived synthetically or by
      fermentation, were found to induce qualitatively similar concentration-dependent
      toxic and genotoxic effects as measured by RK mutatest. In this system ethanol
      was found genotoxic above a threshold concentration of 18-19% (v/v) when RK+
      selector cells were transiently exposed for 10 min before selection for RK-
      survivors at 42 degrees C.

PMID- 3889602
TI  - Chloramphenicol-promoted increase in resistance to UV damage in Escherichia coli
      B/r WP2 trpE65: development of the capacity for successful repair of otherwise
      mutagenic or lethal lesions in DNA.
AB  - The ultraviolet radiation survival curve of exponentially growing cultures of
      Escherichia coli B/r WP2 trpE65 was modified by a short period (20 min) of
      chloramphenicol treatment before UV exposure, which produced an extended
      exponential section of intermediate slope between the shoulder and the final
      exponential slope. More prolonged incubation with chloramphenicol (up to 90 min)
      resulted in little further extension of the intermediate exponential slope, but
      caused a progressive expansion of the shoulder region. With each period of
      chloramphenicol pretreatment, a major surge of mutation to tryptophan
      independence always occurred after that UV fluence promoting the transition from
      the shoulder to the intermediate exponential slope of the survival curve, and
      another major surge occurred after that fluence promoting the transition from the
      intermediate exponential slope to the final exponential slope. A minor surge of
      mutation occurred after low fluences. The 3 surges in mutation and the increased
      slopes of the survival curve are ascribed to UV-inactivation of 3 qualitatively
      different DNA-repair systems, each with differentially increased resistances to
      UV caused by pretreatment by chloramphenicol.

PMID- 3889603
TI  - Further characterisation of processes removing EMS premutational lesions in yeast
      (S. cerevisiae).

PMID- 3889604
TI  - Inhibition of benzidine mutagenesis by nucleophiles: a study using the Ames test
      with hamster hepatic S9 activation.

PMID- 3889605
TI  - Methyl cinnamate derivatives enhance UV-induced mutagenesis due to the inhibition
      of DNA excision repair in Escherichia coli B/r.
AB  - UV-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli B/r WP2 was enhanced by certain
      derivatives of methyl cinnamate which themselves were not mutagenic. Methyl
      ferulate, methyl isoferulate and methyl sinapate showed this effect markedly.
      Such an enhancement effect was absent with the derivatives of cinnamic acid and
      ethyl cinnamate and was not observed in Escherichia coli WP2s uvrA. Methyl
      sinapate also enhanced 4NQO-induced mutation and suppressed liquid-holding
      recovery in the above repair-proficient strain. The presence of methyl sinapate
      in plating agar medium decreased the survival of UV-irradiated cells of a
      recombination-repair-deficient strain, CM571 recA. However, the effect was not
      observed with those of WP2s uvrA. In an in vitro experiment in which the removal
      rate of thymine dimers was measured, methyl sinapate clearly inhibited this
      repair event. From these results, we conclude that methyl sinapate inhibits DNA
      excision repair, thus enhancing UV mutagenicity.

PMID- 3889606
TI  - Photoreactivation of UV damage in Escherichia coli uvrA6: lethality is more
      effectively reversed than either premutagenic lesions or SOS induction.
AB  - The effect of cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers on cytotoxicity, induction of
      synthesis of the RecA and UmuC proteins, and mutagenesis was studied in
      Escherichia coli uvrA6 cells possessing excess amounts of photoreactivating
      enzyme. Exposure of 254 nm ultraviolet-irradiated (10 J/m2) cells to radiation
      from daylight fluorescent lamps reduced the amounts of thymine-containing dimers
      in a photoreactivating fluence-dependent manner, up to about 90% reduction at 5
      min exposure. Of the lethal ultraviolet damage, 85% was photoreactivable (i.e.
      cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers) and 15% was non-photoreactivable. An incident
      fluence of 1 J/m2 resulted in approximately a 5-fold increase in the synthesis of
      the RecA and UmuC proteins, as compared to the spontaneous level. If the UV
      irradiated cell suspensions were illuminated with a fluorescent lamp at a dose
      which resulted in the full photoreactivation of viability, the yields of both
      proteins were reduced to 60% of the non-photoreactivated control cells.
      Furthermore, photoreactivation was shown to be more effective in the repair of
      lethal damage than in the repair of premutational damage. These experiments
      suggest that, among lethal damages, non-photoreactivable damage plays a more
      important role in both induction of the SOS functions and mutagenesis in uvrA6
      cells than do cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers.

PMID- 3889607
TI  - Effect of deficiency in excision repair and umuC function on the mutagenicity
      with ethylene oxide in the lacI gene of E. coli.
AB  - The influence of uvrB and umuC genes on the induction of lacI- mutants and
      nonsense mutants by ethylene oxide (EtO) in the lacI gene of E. coli was studied.
      The uvrB mutation was characterized by much higher mutation frequencies. In
      contrast the umuC mutation does not significantly affect the induction kinetics.
      Thus mutation by EtO is enhanced by the lack of excision repair but not
      influenced by error-prone repair.

PMID- 3889608
TI  - Repair of DNA single-strand breaks in X-irradiated yeast. I. Use of the DNA
      unwinding method to measure DNA strand breaks.
AB  - The DNA-unwinding method developed by Ahnstrom and his coworkers to measure DNA
      strand breaks in mammalian cells was used to measure single-strand breaks (SSB)
      in the DNA of intact yeast cells. DNA unwinding, which took place inside the
      rigid cell wall of yeast, was investigated as a function of time, radiation dose,
      and of pH and salt concentration of the alkaline solution. After DNA unwinding
      had taken place, the cell wall was destroyed by partial enzymatic digestion and
      sonication in the presence of detergents. Fragments of single- and double
      stranded DNA were separated using hydroxylapatite chromatography. In this way the
      most suitable conditions for DNA unwinding within the cell wall were established.
      The results show that SSB and double-strand breaks (DSB) give rise to different
      kinetics of DNA unwinding.

PMID- 3889609
TI  - Repair of DNA single-strand breaks in X-irradiated yeast. II. Kinetics of repair
      as measured by the DNA-unwinding method.
AB  - The kinetics of disappearance of single-strand breaks (SSB) from the DNA of X
      irradiated stationary yeast cells under liquid-holding conditions was found to
      proceed in a dose-independent manner up to a dose of at least 2400 Gy, and was
      found to be complete after incubation of cells for 1 h. This was deduced from
      data for a yeast wild-type (WT) haploid and diploid strain as well as for rad52
      haploid cells defective in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. In all cases an
      initial fast repair component assumed to correspond to SSB repair was observed
      whereby about 80% of the induced 'unwinding points' disappeared from the DNA with
      a time constant of about 3 min. Following this fast component, a slower component
      of removal of 'unwinding points' occurred with a time constant estimated to be 20
      min. The molecular nature of these two components of repair is not known. We
      could find no evidence for the induction of secondary (enzymatic) breaks in the
      DNA during post-irradiation incubation. Incubation of cells in growth medium
      after irradiation resulted in similar kinetics as those under liquid-holding
      conditions. In the absence of an energy source in the medium (i.e. when cells
      were incubated in buffer or distilled water after irradiation) only 60-80% of the
      SSB were removed from yeast DNA. Residual SSB disappeared from the DNA only when
      cells were transferred to a medium containing glucose. The relative mass of DNA
      unwound per induced strand break (i.e. represented by the slope of the dose
      effect curve immediately after irradiation) was found to change slowly with the
      age of the cell culture under liquid-holding conditions. This effect had to be
      corrected for in the measurements of strand break repair under these conditions.

PMID- 3889610
TI  - The SOS Chromotest, a colorimetric bacterial assay for genotoxins: validation
      study with 83 compounds.
AB  - The SOS Chromotest is a simple bacterial colorimetric assay for genotoxicity. It
      is based on the measure of the induction of sfiA, a gene controlled by the
      general repressor of the SOS system in E. coli. Expression of sfiA is monitored
      by means of a gene fusion with lacZ, the structural gene for beta-galactosidase.
      We have examined 83 compounds of various chemical classes with the SOS Chromotest
      using a standard procedure. Comparison of the results with those obtained in the
      Mutatest (the Ames test) showed that most (90%) of the mutagenic compounds were
      also SOS inducers. For these compounds a quantitative correlation was observed
      between the mutagenic potency and the SOS-inducing potency (SOSIP). The case of
      the 10% remaining compounds giving conflicting results in the two tests is
      discussed. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for carcinogenicity prediction
      have been evaluated for the SOS Chromotest and the Mutatest using 73 chemicals
      for which carcinogenicity data were available. In spite of some differences,
      similar results were obtained in the two tests. The present data indicate that
      the SOS Chromotest has many practical advantages and may be used as a primary
      screening tool or as part of a battery of short-term tests for carcinogens.

PMID- 3889611
TI  - Artificial intelligence and Bayesian decision theory in the prediction of
      chemical carcinogens.
AB  - Two procedures for predicting the carcinogenicity of chemicals are described. One
      of these (CASE) is a self-learning artificial intelligence system that
      automatically recognizes activating and/or deactivating structural subunits of
      candidate chemicals and uses this to determine the probability that the test
      chemical is or is not a carcinogen. If the chemical is predicted to be
      carcinogen, CASE also projects its probable potency. The second procedure (CPBS)
      uses Bayesian decision theory to predict the potential carcinogenicity of
      chemicals based upon the results of batteries of short-term assays. CPBS is
      useful even if the test results are mixed (i.e. both positive and negative
      responses are obtained in different genotoxic assays). CPBS can also be used to
      identify highly predictive as well as cost-effective batteries of assays. For
      illustrative purposes the ability of CASE and CPBS to predict the carcinogenicity
      of a carcinogenic and a non-carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is
      shown. The potential for using the two methods in tandem to increase reliability
      and decrease cost is presented.

PMID- 3889612
TI  - Mutascreen, an automated bacterial mutagenicity assay.
AB  - Mutascreen is an automated instrument for bacterial mutagenicity testing. The
      biological principles of the Mutascreen assay are the same as those of the
      bacterial reverse-mutation assays, like the Ames test, but several operational
      principles are different. The Mutascreen assay takes place in wells containing
      only 400 microliter of liquid medium. Also, the dispensing of the liquid medium,
      the bacterial tester strains, the metabolic activation system (S9), and the test
      solutions is all performed by a computer-controlled robot according to the user's
      preprogrammed instructions. The turbidity in up to 200 wells is monitored
      intermittently over a 24-h period by a vertical-pathway photometer, thereby
      avoiding measurement problems caused by sedimentation. The data for the resulting
      growth curves is stored for analysis. The auxotrophic growth pattern is altered
      characteristically by test solutions that are toxic or contain endogenous growth
      factor(s), while prototrophic growth is observed earlier in the 24-h period when
      revertants have been induced by the test solution. To compare the Mutascreen
      assay with the conventional plate assay, 36 chemicals including known carcinogens
      and noncarcinogens were tested. Both assays identified the same chemicals as
      mutagens and gave quantitatively similar results, thus testifying to the
      potential usefulness of automated bacterial mutagenicity testing.

PMID- 3889613
TI  - Mutagenicities of xanthone derivatives in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA98,
      TA97, and TA2637.
AB  - The mutagenicities of naturally occurring xanthones were tested in Salmonella
      typhimurium TA100, TA98, TA97, and TA2637 by the preincubation method.
      Xanthydrol, gentisein, gentisin, isogentisin, 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone,
      1,3,7-trimethoxyxanthone, desmethylbellidifolin, bellidifolin and
      dimethylbellidifolin were mutagenic, but unsubstituted xanthone was not mutagenic
      to TA100, TA98, TA97 and TA2637 with or without a metabolic activation system.
      The beta-O-glucosides, norswertianolin and swertianolin, were only mutagenic when
      a metabolic activation system containing beta-glucosidase was used, and the C
      glucoside mangiferin was not mutagenic even with this system.

PMID- 3889614
TI  - Quantitative comparative mutagenesis in bacteria, mammalian cells, and animal
      mediated assays. A convenient way of estimating genotoxic activity in vivo?
AB  - The accumulation of environmental compounds which exhibit genotoxic properties in
      short-term assays and the increasing lag of time for obtaining confirmation or
      not in long-term animal mutagenicity and carcinogenicity tests, makes it
      necessary to develop alternative, rapid methodologies for estimating genotoxic
      activity in vivo. In the experimental approach used here, it was assumed that the
      genotoxic activity of foreign compounds in animals, and ultimately humans, is
      determined among others by exposure level, organ distribution of (DNA) dose, and
      genotoxic potency per unit of dose, and that knowledge about these 3 parameters
      may allow to rapidly determine the expected degree of genotoxicity in various
      organs of exposed animals. In view of the high degree of qualitative correlation
      between mutagenic activity of chemicals in bacteria and in cultured mammalian
      cells, and their mutagenic and carcinogenic properties in animals, and in order
      to be able to distinguish whether mutagenic potency differences were due to
      differences in (DNA) dose rather than other physiological factors, the results of
      mutagenicity tests obtained in the present experiments using bacteria and
      mammalian cells were compared on the basis of DNA dose rather than exposure
      concentrations, with the following questions in mind: Is there an absolute or a
      relative correlation between the mutagenic potencies of various ethylating agents
      in bacteria (E. coli K12) and in mammalian cells (V79 Chinese hamster) after
      treatment in standardized experiments, and can specific DNA adducts be made
      responsible for mutagenicity? Is the order of mutagenic potency of various
      ethylating agents observed in bacteria in vitro representative of the ranking of
      mutagenic potency found in vivo? Since the answer to this last question was
      negative, a further question addressed to was whether short-term in vivo assays
      could be developed for a rapid determination of the presence (and persistence) of
      genotoxic factors in various organs of mice treated with chemicals. In
      quantitative comparative mutagenesis experiments using E. coli K12 and Chinese
      hamster cells treated under standardized conditions in vitro with 5 ethylating
      agents, there was no indication of an absolute correlation between the number of
      induced mutants per unit of dose in the bacteria and the mammalian cells. The
      ranking of mutagenic potency was, however, identical in bacteria and mammalian
      cells, namely, ENNG greater than ENU greater than or equal to DES greater than
      DEN congruent to EMS, the mutagenic activity of DEN being dependent on the
      presence of mammalian liver preparations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3889615
TI  - Genetic change may be caused by interference with protein-protein interactions.
AB  - Several aprotic polar solvents were shown to induce mitotic aneuploidy in yeast:
      diethyl ketone, gamma-valerolactone, pyridine, pivalinic acid nitrile,
      phenylacetonitrile and fumaric acid dinitrile. Only fumaric acid dinitrile also
      strongly induced other types of genetic effects including mitotic crossing-over,
      mitotic gene conversion and point mutation. The other substances only induced
      aneuploidy and this only over a very narrow dose range. The treatment protocol
      used suggested that these chemicals acted via interference with tubulin assembly
      and disassembly causing a malfunctioning of spindle fiber microtubules. This
      hypothesis was tested using twice recycled porcine brain tubulin. Diethyl ketone,
      gamma-valerolactone, pyridine and phenylacetonitrile inhibited GTP-promoted
      assembly of porcine brain tubulin in vitro in the concentration range needed for
      the induction of mitotic aneuploidy in yeast. Pivalinic acid nitrile accelerated
      tubulin aggregation whereas fumaric acid dinitrile had no effect even at
      concentrations 18 times higher than the lowest tested concentration effective in
      yeast. The in vitro experiments with porcine brain tubulin further suggest that
      genetic change can result from interference with specific protein-protein
      interactions. Fumaric acid dinitrile was the only exception since it did induce
      aneuploidy but had no effects on the assembly of porcine brain tubulin. This
      could be caused either by interference with protein-protein interactions other
      than between molecules during assembly and disassembly of microtubules or species
      specific differences in susceptibility between yeast spindle and porcine brain
      tubulin.

PMID- 3889616
TI  - New mutations affecting induced mutagenesis in yeast.
AB  - Previously isolated mutations in baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, that
      impair induced mutagenesis were all identified with the aid of tests that either
      exclusively or predominantly detect base-pair substitutions. To avoid this bias,
      we have screened 11 366 potentially mutant clones for UV-induced reversion of the
      frameshift allele, his4-38, and have identified 10 mutants that give much reduced
      yields of revertants. Complementation and recombination tests show that 6 of
      these carry mutations at the previously known REV1, REV1 and REV3 loci, while the
      remaining 4 define 3 new genes, REV4 (2 mutations), REV5 and REV6. The rev4
      mutations are readily suppressed in many genetic backgrounds and, like the rev5
      mutation, impart only a limited deficiency for induced mutagenesis: it is likely,
      therefore that the REV4+ and REV5+ gene functions are only remotely concerned
      with this process. The rev6 mutants have a more general deficiency, however, as
      well as marked sensitivity to UV and an increased spontaneous mutation rate,
      properties that suggest the REV6 gene is directly involved in mutation induction.
      The REV5 gene is located about 1 cM proximal to CYC1 on chromosome X.

PMID- 3889617
TI  - Modulation in cytochrome P-420 and P-450 content in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      according to physiological conditions and genetic background.
AB  - The diploid strain D5 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, relative to other strains of
      yeast, has a large amount of cytochrome P-450 present during the logarithmic
      phase of growth and a low amount of cytochrome P-420. As the stationary phase of
      growth is approached, an increasing intensity of absorbance is observed at 420
      nm. If the cells are suspended in buffer during mid-logarithmic growth, the
      absorbance at 450 nm disappears and absorbance at 420 nm is increased after the
      cells have been held in buffer for 24 h. At late logarithmic growth, the
      absorbance at 450 nm is still retained after the cells have been held in buffer
      for 24 h. Within 44 h of the time of harvest, the absorbance at 450 nm disappears
      completely and the absorbance at 420 nm is intense. Cytoplasmic petite variants
      of strain D5 have less of both cytochromes P-450 and P-420 than does the grande
      D5 strain; the absorbances at 450 and 420 nm are retained up to 96 h when the
      cells are held in buffer. Haploid spores of strain D5 exhibit absorbances at 450
      and 420 nm during the logarithmic phase of growth, and these absorbances are
      retained after the cells are held in buffer for 24 h. An hypothesis is proposed
      which states that cytochrome P-450 is the membrane-bound form and cytochrome P
      420 is free in the cytosol; the cytochromes interconvert and are active in either
      state until the associated enzymes disassociate.

PMID- 3889618
TI  - Carcinogenicity of mutagenic heterocyclic amines formed during the cooking
      process.

PMID- 3889619
TI  - The molecular nature of mutations in cultured mammalian cells: a review.

PMID- 3889620
TI  - Analysis of non-linearities in mutation frequency curves.
AB  - Mutation frequency curves for ultraviolet light and other mutagens often exhibit
      non-linear, as well as linear components. A common pattern observed for UV
      induced reversion of auxotrophy in yeast is a biphasic, linear-quadratic (or
      higher order) response. The non-linear component in such a biphasic frequency
      curve can arise in two distinct, but non-mutually exclusive, ways: (i) as a
      result of the existence of two-hit processes in the molecular mechanism(s) of
      mutagenesis; and (ii) as a result of the possible stochastic dependence of
      mutation and killing, such that the probability of clone formation by the mutant
      cells differs from that of the non-mutant cells in the population. We describe
      here a simple mathematical method for distinguishing between these two sources of
      non-linearity. It is based on the calculation of a quantity that we call
      'apparent survival.' This is given, for any mutagen dose chi, by the ratio of the
      mutant yield to the corresponding linear component of mutation frequency. If the
      apparent survival rises to values greater than unity before declining at high
      doses, then there must exist positive two-hit (or higher order) components in the
      mutational mechanism. If the final slope of the apparent survival curve differs
      from that of the measured survival curve, then there also exists some degree of
      stochastic dependence between mutation and killing.

PMID- 3889622
TI  - Spontaneous mutagenesis: the roles of DNA repair, replication, and recombination.
AB  - There appears to be no dearth of mechanisms to explain spontaneous mutagenesis.
      In the case of base substitutions, data for bacteriophage T4 and especially for
      E. coli and S. cerevisiae suggest important roles in spontaneous mutagenesis for
      the error-prone repair of DNA damage (to produce mutations) and for error-free
      repair of DNA damage (to avoid mutagenesis). Data from the very limited number of
      studies on the subject suggest that about 50% of the spontaneous base
      substitutions in E. coli, and perhaps 90% in S. cerevisiae are due to error-prone
      DNA repair. On the other hand, spontaneous frameshifts and deletions seem to
      result from mechanisms involving recombination and replication. Spontaneous
      insertions have been shown to be important in the strongly polar inactivation of
      certain loci, but it is less important at other loci. Perhaps with continued
      study, the term "spontaneous mutagenesis" will be replaced by more specific terms
      such as 5-methylcytosine deamination mutagenesis, fatty acid oxidation
      mutagenesis, phenylalanine mutagenesis, and imprecise-recombination mutagenesis.
      While most studies have concentrated on mutator mutations, the most conclusive
      data for the actual source of spontaneous mutations have come from the study of
      antimutator mutations. Further study in this area, perhaps along with an
      understanding of chemical antimutagens, should be invaluable in clarifying the
      bases of spontaneous mutagenesis.

PMID- 3889621
TI  - Use of recombinant DNA techniques in cloning DNA repair genes and in the study of
      mutagenesis in mammalian cells.

PMID- 3889623
TI  - Current status of bioassays in genetic toxicology--the dominant lethal assay. A
      report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gene-Tox Program.
AB  - The term dominant lethal may be defined as death of the heterozygote arising
      through multiple chromosomal breaks. The assay is generally conducted by treating
      male animals, usually mice or rats, acutely (1 dose), subacutely (5 doses), or
      over the entire period of spermatogenesis. Animals treated acutely or subacutely
      are mated at weekly intervals to females for a sufficient number of weeks to
      cover the period of spermatogenesis. Those treated for the entire spermatogenic
      cycle are mated for 1 or 2 successive weeks at the termination of treatment.
      Females usually are killed at 14 days of pregnancy and examined for the number of
      total implantations in the uterus, the number of implantations classified as
      early deaths, and, in some cases, the number of corpora lutea. The category of
      early death is the most significant index of dominant lethality. A total of 249
      papers were reviewed and 140 chemicals were evaluated. Of the 140 chemicals, 65
      were positive by the criteria used by the Work Group in evaluating each
      publication. The category of "positive" includes those responses of a borderline
      nature. 99 chemicals were declared negative. There is considerable overlap of
      chemicals in both categories, which accounts for the incongruity in the total
      number of chemicals tested and the number considered positive and negative. A
      total of 44 animal carcinogens have been tested in the dominant lethal assay, 26
      of which were positive and 18 negative for a correlation of 59%. The role of the
      assay should be that of confirming positive results from lower tier chromosomal
      aberration-detecting systems (confirming in the sense of indicating the ability
      of the chemical to penetrate gonadal tissue and to produce cytogenetic damage).
      The dominant lethal assay should not be used as a risk assessment method.

PMID- 3889624
TI  - Chloracetamide-N-metholol: an example of an in vitro and in vivo clastogen which
      is non-mutagenic to Salmonella.
AB  - The industrial biocide chloracetamide-N-metholol (CAM) has been shown to be non
      mutagenic to 6 strains of Salmonella using both the plate-incorporation and a pre
      incubation test protocol. Its biocidal activity is unlikely to have influenced
      these results since Kathon 886, a more potent biocide, was concomitantly detected
      as mutagenic to strain TA100. In contrast, CAM was weakly clastogenic to human
      lymphocytes cultured in vitro and elicited a positive response in the mouse bone
      marrow micronucleus test when assayed using the intraperitoneal, but not the oral
      route of administration. A positive response was concomitantly observed for the
      rodent carcinogen and formaldehyde-releasing agent hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA)
      in these 2 clastogenicity assays. Data are presented showing the slow hydrolysis
      of CAM to formaldehyde in vitro, and both [carbonyl-14C]CAM and [metholol-14C]CAM
      have been shown to interact covalently with calf-thymus DNA in vitro. It is
      concluded that CAM may be a direct-acting carcinogen to rodents, but that both
      the qualitative and quantitative outcome of its bioassay for carcinogenicity will
      be influenced critically by the bioassay protocol adopted; in particular, by the
      route of administration selected. These findings emphasize the need to complement
      the Salmonella gene-mutation assay with an in vitro assay for the induction of
      chromosomal aberrations if in vivo genotoxins are to be detected efficiently in
      vitro.

PMID- 3889625
TI  - Allyl isothiocyanate is mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Allyl isothiocyanate, a naturally occurring compound, component of oil of mustard
      and human food plants such as cabbage, cauliflower and horseradish, has up to now
      been regarded as nonmutagenic in bacterial mutagenicity testing systems.
      Recently, however, it was found to cause transitional-cell papillomas in the
      urinary bladder of male F344 rats. Contrary to earlier reports, in this study
      allyl isothiocyanate showed clear mutagenicity for Salmonella typhimurium TA100
      in the preincubation assay after longer, non-standard preincubation times
      (greater than 20 min). The mutagenicity is expressed only in the presence of a
      rat-liver homogenate metabolising system, i.e. it is indirect. However, high
      concentrations of rat-liver homogenate suppress the mutagenicity of allyl
      isothiocyanate. SKF525, inhibitor of microsomal oxygenase, reduces the mutagenic
      potential which on the other hand is increased in the presence of 1,1,1
      trichloropropene-2-oxide, inhibitor of epoxide hydrolase. This indicates the
      occurrence of an epoxide intermediate in allyl isothiocyanate metabolism. Another
      metabolic pathway, namely hydrolysis to allyl alcohol and oxidation to acrolein,
      a known mutagen, also seems possible as cyanamide, inhibitor of aldehyde
      dehydrogenase, can slightly increase the mutagenic potential. The reason(s) for
      allyl isothiocyanate's requirement for long preincubation times to express
      mutagenicity still requires elucidation, and the question arises: is allyl
      isothiocyanate a single, exceptional case or not?

PMID- 3889626
TI  - Mutagenicity studies on coffee. The influence of different factors on the
      mutagenic activity in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay.
AB  - Recently, mutagenic activity on several strains of Salmonella typhimurium has
      been found in many heat-processed foodstuffs. The previously reported direct
      acting mutagenic activity of coffee in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 (Ames assay)
      was confirmed in our study. In addition to TA100, a mutagenic effect of coffee
      was also found by using the newly developed strain TA102. The mutagenic activity
      was abolished by the addition of rat-liver homogenate. 10% S9 mix completely
      eliminated the mutagenic activity of 30 mg of coffee per plate. The addition of
      reduced glutathione to active S9 further decreased the mutagenic activity and
      also reduced the mutagenicity together with inactivated S9. The compound or
      compounds responsible for this inactivation are heat-labile and seem to be
      located in the cytosol fraction of the S9. Part of the mutagenicity of coffee was
      also lost spontaneously upon incubation at temperatures between 0 degrees and 50
      degrees C. The loss of activity was dependent on temperature, being more
      pronounced at 50 degrees C compared to 0 degrees C (at 50 degrees C approximately
      50% of the mutagenic activity was lost after 6 h). As anaerobic conditions
      prevented this loss of mutagenicity almost totally, oxidative processes are
      probably responsible for the inactivation. The stability of the mutagen was not
      influenced by incubation at low pH values (pH 1-3), with or without the addition
      of pepsinogen. The mutagenic properties of methylglyoxal, which to some extent
      could be responsible for the mutagenic activity of coffee, were compared with
      those of coffee. Methylglyoxal was strongly mutagenic towards Salmonella
      typhimurium TA100 and TA102. Its mutagenic activity was partially inactivated by
      the addition of 10% S9. Glyoxalase I and II together with reduced glutathione
      abolished the mutagenic activity of methylglyoxal but reduced the mutagenicity of
      coffee by only 80%. Since these enzymes occur in mammalian cells, the mutagenic
      compound(s) of coffee could also be degraded in vivo. This conclusion is
      supported by the fact that a long-term carcinogenicity study with rats was
      negative. These results clearly demonstrate that the effects observed in vitro do
      not necessarily also occur in vivo, but that in vitro experiments may contribute
      to the understanding of fundamental mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3889627
TI  - Mutagenicity of some derivatives of dipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazoles in
      Salmonella typhimurium with metabolic activation by rat liver and small intestine
      subcellular fractions.
AB  - The mutagenic effect of 2-amino-dipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-2) was
      compared with that of the 3-amino, 3-nitro, or 3-N-hydroxylated derivatives of
      the same base ring with methyl groups at positions 4 and 6 of the molecule. The
      compounds were tested in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 without metabolic
      activation and in the presence of different concentrations of subcellular
      fractions from livers or small intestines of rats pretreated with different
      P448/P450 inducers. The 4,6-dimethyl compounds are always more mutagenic than Glu
      P-2. Pretreatment with Aroclor 1254 (ARO) is the most effective inducer in the
      activation of the 2- and 3-amino compounds by liver S9, whereas the same fraction
      decreases the mutagenicity of the 3-nitro derivative. S9 from small intestine
      increased the mutagenic effect of the 3-nitro and 3-N-hydroxylated compounds, but
      it was unable to activate the amino compounds.

PMID- 3889628
TI  - Mutagenicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and quinones on Salmonella
      typhimurium TA97.
AB  - 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 7 quinones were tested for
      mutagenicity using Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98 and TA100 with or without
      metabolic activation. In the presence of metabolic activation, TA97 was more
      susceptible to mutation than either TA98 or TA100 by many of PAHs tested. PAHs
      such as 1-methylphenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene,
      benzo[e]pyrene and perylene had high mutagenic effects on TA97 in the presence of
      metabolic activation. 1,6- and 1,8-pyrenequinones were also highly mutagenic on
      TA97 in the presence or absence of metabolic activation. It appears that pyrene
      is mutagenic through its metabolic conversion to pyrenequinones.

PMID- 3889629
TI  - Fate of the food mutagen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) in Sprague
      Dawley rats. I. Mutagens in the urine.
AB  - 2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) is a potent bacterial mutagen formed
      during cooking of beef. IQ was administered intravenously to Sprague-Dawley rats
      at concentrations ranging from 7.5-50 mg/kg body weight. Urine was collected and
      analyzed for mutagenicity. Urinary mutagens were found which required activation
      by S9 mix, and reverted Ames test strains TA98 and TA100, but not TA1535 or
      TA1537. The amount of urinary mutagen(s) were related to IQ dose administered and
      were excreted within 48 h. Additional mutagenic activity was not released after
      incubation with beta-glucuronidase or aryl sulfatase. Analysis of urinary
      mutagens by HPLC indicates that the majority of mutagenic activity is due to
      unchanged IQ, but a small peak of mutagenic activity may correspond to N-acetyl
      or 3-N-demethylated metabolite. Since only 1% of the administered mutagenic
      activity is recovered in the urine, IQ may be readily detoxified in vivo.

PMID- 3889630
TI  - Mutagenicity of azo dyes in the Salmonella/microsome assay using in vitro and in
      vivo activation.
AB  - The mutagenicity of 6 azo dyes, including direct black 38 (DB38), direct black 19
      (DB19), direct brown 95 (DB95), solvent yellow 3 (SY3), trypan blue (TPB), and
      food black 2 (FB2), was examined in the Salmonella/microsome assay. The effect of
      chemical azo reduction (dithionite) and in vivo metabolism on the mutagenicity of
      the dyes was also studied. In vivo azo-dye metabolites were isolated from the
      urine of rats intubated with dyes by XAD-2 column chromatography. Urinary
      metabolites from all the treated animals, except animals treated with FB2,
      induced frame-shift mutations in strains TA1538 and TA98 in the presence of liver
      S9 activation. The control urine did not increase the incidence of revertants in
      strains TA1538 and TA98. Thus, XAD-2 chromatography can be used to isolate
      genotoxic metabolites from the urine of animals intubated with azo dyes.

PMID- 3889632
TI  - Testing for mutagens in an aluminium plant. The results of Salmonella typhimurium
      tests on expectorates from exposed workers.
AB  - Methanol extracts of hydrolyzed expectorate samples from workers in a Soderberg
      potroom were evaluated by the Salmonella reversion assay. The expectorates from
      exposed workers--mostly from smokers, but also to a certain extent from
      nonsmokers--were mutagenic; however, the control samples from both smokers and
      nonsmokers were not. The positive results produced by the expectorate samples
      from the exposed smokers suggest a synergistic relationship between exposure to
      air pollution of the working atmosphere and smoking.

PMID- 3889631
TI  - The Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test: comparison of human and rat
      livers as activating systems.
AB  - The mutagenicity of several test compounds was verified by the
      Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test (Ames test), using both human liver and
      rat liver (untreated or pretreated with Aroclor 1254) S9 under identical
      experimental conditions. Aflatoxin B1, 3-methylcholanthrene, and cigarette-smoke
      condensate were less mutagenic in the presence of human-liver S9 than in the
      presence of rat-liver S9 (particularly after treatment with Aroclor 1254). The
      opposite was observed with 2-aminonanthracene and to a lesser degree with 2
      aminofluorene; correlation studies indicate that the two compounds were activated
      by the same or by very similar enzymes, probably cytochrome P-450s. These results
      clearly indicate that human-liver S9, as an activating system, behaves
      differently than rat-liver S9; therefore, it may constitute a useful, additional
      tool for the study of mutagenicity and probably, carcinogenicity in man.

PMID- 3889633
TI  - Mutagenic characteristics of formaldehyde on bacterial systems.
AB  - The mutagenic characteristics of formaldehyde on bacteria were examined. All the
      tester strains of Escherichia coli deficient in DNA-repair enzymes tested in the
      present study were significantly more sensitive to the killing effect of
      formaldehyde than the corresponding wild-type strain. Among the E. coli B
      strains, H/r30R (wild-type) and Hs30R (uvrA) were mutable, whereas NG30 (recA)
      and O16 (polA) were not. There is no appreciable difference in mutation frequency
      of E. coli B between the wild-type and the uvrA strains in a dose range below 4
      mM. However, the mutation frequency of the wild-type strain started to decrease
      in a higher concentration range, whereas that of the uvrA strain continued to
      increase linearly. This was confirmed with the E. coli B/r tester strains. The
      decrease in mutation frequency may be produced by prolongation of the lag period
      before entering the S-phase so as to give the cells a greater chance for DNA
      repair through the excision mechanism. In fact, it was evidenced that
      formaldehyde retarded to a remarkable extent the initiation of DNA synthesis of
      the cells at the higher dose range used for mutation assay. Some discrepancies
      found between the results obtained in this study and those previously reported by
      Nishioka (1973) were pointed out.

PMID- 3889634
TI  - Host-mediated mutagenicity experiments with benzo[a]pyrene and two of its
      metabolites.
AB  - Benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and two of its major metabolites, the ultimate mutagen BP-4,5
      oxide and the proximate mutagen trans-7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (BP
      7,8-diol) were investigated for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA1538,
      TA98 and TA100 using an intrasanguineous host-mediated assay. BP and BP-4,5-oxide
      were not mutagenic under any experimental conditions. BP-7,8-diol was inactive
      with the strain TA1538 but was mutagenic with the strains TA98 and TA100. The
      effect was potentiated by pretreatment of the host mice with the cytochrome P-450
      inducer 5,6-benzoflavone. We conclude: (i) one of the reasons for the observed
      insensitivity of the intrasanguineous host-mediated assay towards BP is that BP
      4,5-oxide, which contributes to the microsome-mediated mutagenicity of BP, is
      inactive in the host-mediated assay; (ii) the finding that BP-7,8-diol is
      mutagenic in the host-mediated assay demonstrates that the lack of mutagenicity
      of BP is not intrinsic; (iii) the potentiated mutagenicity after treatment of the
      hosts with 5,6-benzoflavone suggests that cytochrome P-450 is more important in
      the activation of BP-7,8-diol in this system than other enzymes (e.g.
      prostaglandin synthase) that can also activate this compound in vitro.

PMID- 3889635
TI  - Dietary factors affecting the urinary mutagenicity assay system. II. The absence
      of mutagenic activity in human urine following consumption of red wine or grape
      juice.
AB  - The mutagenic activity of urine samples from nonsmoking individuals before and
      after the consumption of either red wine or grape juice was determined. Urine
      samples collected from individuals on liquid or regular diets were concentrated
      using XAD-2 resin. No mutagenic activity of urine concentrates was detected with
      Salmonella tester strains TA98 or TA100 with or without microsomal activation.
      The addition of 1000 units of beta-glucuronidase into the agar overlay did not
      show any mutagenic activity. The mutagens in red wine and grape juice, however,
      were extracted using the XAD-2 column. Concentrates of urine samples spiked with
      either of the two extracts exhibited mutagenic activity.

PMID- 3889636
TI  - Detection of volatile mutagens in creosote and coal tar.
AB  - Creosote and coal tar were examined for the presence of volatile mutagens by use
      of the so-called "taped plate assay". Application of this method, recently
      published by Distlerath et al., reveals that vapour escaping from creosote and
      coal tar at 37 degrees C was able to revert the Salmonella typhimurium strains
      TA98 and TA100 in the presence of S9 mix. The simplicity of this method makes it
      useful for routine screening of industrial fluids or solid products for the
      presence of volatile mutagens.

PMID- 3889637
TI  - Effects of nitrilotriacetic acid on the induction of gene mutations and sister
      chromatid exchanges by insoluble chromium compounds.
AB  - The influence of nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt (NTA) on the mutagenic and
      clastogenic activity of several water-insoluble or poorly soluble chromium
      compounds was determined by means of the Salmonella/microsome assay (plate test
      on TA100 strain) and the sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) test in mammalian cell
      cultures (CHO line). NTA in itself did not induce gene mutations nor did it
      increase the frequency of SCE. Cr(VI) compounds (Pb, Ba, Zn, Sr and Ca chromates)
      and an industrial Cr(VI) pigment, chromium orange (containing PbCrO4 PbO), were
      inactive or scarcely active mutagens in the Salmonella/microsome test when
      dissolved in water, but they were increasingly mutagenic when solubilized by 0.5
      N NaOH or NTA (10 or 100 mg/ml). Also, the mutagenic activity of Cr(VI),
      contaminating an industrial Cr(III) pigment (chromite), was slightly enhanced by
      NTA. Mutagenicity of chromates was correlated with the amounts of Cr(VI)
      solubilized by NTA or alkali, as determined by the colorimetric reaction with
      diphenylcarbazide and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and was decreased by
      incubation with microsomes, due to reduction of Cr(VI) to the genetically
      inactive Cr(III) form. In the SCE assay, the insoluble or poorly soluble Ba, Zn,
      Sr and Ca chromates and the insoluble Cr(VI) pigments zinc yellow (containing
      ZnCrO4 Zn(OH2], chromium yellow and molybdenum orange (both containing PbCrO4)
      were directly clastogenic due to cellular endocytosis taking place in prolonged
      treatments, and NTA significantly increased their chromosome-damaging activity.

PMID- 3889638
TI  - The discovery of Achorion schoenleinii. Facts and stories (Johann Lucas
      Schoenlein and Robert Remak).

PMID- 3889639
TI  - Studies on the isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from fruits and vegetables.

PMID- 3889640
TI  - Fenticonazole: a clinical trial.

PMID- 3889641
TI  - Current concepts. Postpartum renal failure.

PMID- 3889642
TI  - The granulocytopenia of hemodialysis.

PMID- 3889643
TI  - Prostacyclin in cerebral infarction.

PMID- 3889644
TI  - Prophylactic acyclovir in patients receiving bone marrow transplants.

PMID- 3889645
TI  - Health service funding cuts and the declining health of the poor.

PMID- 3889646
TI  - Pneumopericardium from cocaine inhalation.

PMID- 3889647
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency.

PMID- 3889648
TI  - Nathan Pritikin's heart.

PMID- 3889649
TI  - Medical care of the poor--a growing problem.

PMID- 3889650
TI  - Malignant lymphoma confined to the heart, 13 years after a cadaver kidney
      transplant.

PMID- 3889651
TI  - Care of the pregnant woman with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3889652
TI  - The effect of egg aging on the proteolytic activity and thermostability of egg
      white protein (short communication).

PMID- 3889653
TI  - Drug agency jumps TNF gun.

PMID- 3889655
TI  - Chromosomes of malaria parasites and trypanosomes.

PMID- 3889654
TI  - Local protein-DNA interactions may determine nucleosome positions on yeast
      plasmids.
AB  - The structure of the nucleosome core particle, the basic structural subunit of
      chromatin, is well known. Although nucleosomes often appear to be positioned
      randomly with respect to DNA sequences, in some cases they seem to occupy
      precisely defined positions on the DNA. The yeast plasmid TRP1ARS1 contains three
      precisely positioned, stable nucleosomes, I, II and III, which are flanked by
      nuclease-sensitive regions. Our aim in the present study was to determine whether
      the positions of these three nucleosomes relate to (1) protein-DNA interactions;
      (2) the limited space between nuclease-sensitive regions, which is just long
      enough to accommodate three yeast nucleosomes (that is, boundary conditions); or
      (3) proximity to the putative origin of replication in one of the nuclease
      sensitive regions. We have tested these alternatives by analysing the positions
      of nucleosomes after insertion of various lengths of DNA into this region and
      assembly of chromatin in vivo. Our results suggest that specific protein-DNA
      interactions are the most likely determinants of these nucleosome positions.

PMID- 3889656
TI  - Amplification and enhanced expression of the c-myc oncogene in mouse SEWA tumour
      cells.
AB  - SEWA tumour cells are derived from an osteosarcoma induced in an A.SW mouse by
      infection with polyoma virus. Cytogenetic analyses have revealed three different
      characteristic chromosomal abnormalities diagnostic for the presence of amplified
      genes: 'double minutes' (DMs), homogeneously staining chromosomal regions (HSRs)
      and C-bandless chromosomes (CMs; for review see ref. 2). DMs may undergo
      fluctuation in number depending on the conditions in which the cells grow. Their
      number usually increases after injection of cells into a mouse and often is
      reduced to undetectable levels when the cells are explanted back into tissue
      culture; when the cells are re-introduced into the mouse, they again acquire
      multiple DMs. We show here that cells of SEWA lines carrying DMs, HSRs or CMs
      contain amplified copies of the proto-oncogene c-myc and enhanced levels of c-myc
      messenger RNA and c-myc protein. DMs or CMs are the sites of c-myc amplification
      in two different SEWA lines.

PMID- 3889658
TI  - Mismatch-specific post-meiotic segregation frequency in yeast suggests a
      heteroduplex recombination intermediate.
AB  - Post-meiotic segregation of alleles, which is seen, for example, in the 5:3
      distribution of alleles in the products of a single meiosis in fungi, has been
      thought to be due to the non-repair of heteroduplex regions formed during genetic
      recombination. In current models of genetic recombination, heteroduplex DNA is
      formed either as the primary intermediate generated by two interacting non-sister
      chromatids or as a short region flanking a double-stranded gap. The frequency of
      post-meiotic segregation differs for different alleles, and this is presumed to
      reflect the varying efficiencies with which different types of mismatches in the
      heteroduplex are repaired. To gain some insight into this process, we have now
      determined the nucleotide sequences of various yeast alleles with different post
      meiotic segregation frequencies and compared the mismatches predicted to occur in
      heteroduplexes of these alleles with wild-type DNA with those repaired with
      varying efficiency in bacterial systems. A striking correlation is observed, with
      the mismatches predicted for high post-meiotic segregation frequency alleles
      being similar to mismatches repaired with low efficiency in bacteria. These
      results support the view that postmeiotic segregation frequency reflects
      heteroduplex repair efficiency and the contention that meiotic gene conversion is
      the result of the successful repair of heteroduplex mismatches.

PMID- 3889657
TI  - Size variation in chromosomes from independent cultured isolates of Plasmodium
      falciparum.
AB  - The complexity of the life cycle of the protozoan malaria parasite Plasmodium
      falciparum has hindered genetic analysis; even the number of chromosomes in P.
      falciparum is uncertain. The blood stages of rodent malaria parasites are haploid
      and hybridization with cloned complementary DNAs similarly suggests a haploid
      genome in P. falciparum blood stages (ref. 4 and our unpublished results). A
      novel approach to karyoptic and linkage analysis in P. falciparum has been
      provided recently by the technique of pulsed-field gradient (PFG) gel
      electrophoresis, which allows the fractionation of DNA molecules of 30-3,000
      kilobases (kb), a range including the sizes of intact chromosomal DNA molecules
      from eukaryotes such as yeast and trypanosomatids. We describe here the
      fractionation by PFG electrophoresis of chromosomal DNA molecules from P.
      falciparum into at least seven discrete species which vary in size by up to 20%
      between different isolates. Several genes for P. faciparum antigens which contain
      repetitive sequences are located on different chromosomes. Surprisingly, two of
      the chromosomes seem to contain the same sequences.

PMID- 3889659
TI  - FDA ban on pituitary product.

PMID- 3889660
TI  - Exon shuffling and intron insertion in serine protease genes.

PMID- 3889661
TI  - Dr. Joseph Willis Beard: a mighty man, 1902-1983.

PMID- 3889662
TI  - [Cervix insufficiency; diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 3889663
TI  - Professional commitment through individual action: Katharine Densford Dreves.

PMID- 3889664
TI  - Just what is a professional?

PMID- 3889665
TI  - CAI integration. It's time for a new approach.

PMID- 3889666
TI  - Food for thought in new titles in research series.

PMID- 3889667
TI  - [Support, retention and stability of overdentures].

PMID- 3889668
TI  - Renal handling of albumin and beta-2-microglobulin in human hypertension.

PMID- 3889669
TI  - Increased incidence of sensitization among patients with polycystic kidney
      disease following pretransplant blood transfusions.
AB  - Following pretreatment with at least 5 blood transfusions to 58 nontransfused
      uremic patients, 23 (40%) formed lymphocytotoxic antibodies against B cells and 9
      (15%) against T cells as well. Significantly more (p less than 0.01) patients
      with polycystic kidney disease (6/16) formed T cell antibodies compared to
      patients with other diseases. The presence of antibodies delayed kidney
      transplantation, since significantly more (p less than 0.01) patients without
      antibodies (28 out of 35) received kidney grafts than patients with antibodies (9
      out of 23). 5 patients received kidney grafts despite the occurrence of
      antibodies against donor B cells, but 3 of the patients lost their grafts within
      1 month. In vitro lymphocyte subpopulations were studied in 4 patients before and
      after each of the planned blood transfusions. No persistent changes in lymphocyte
      responses to phytohemagglutinin and in mixed lymphocyte culture were seen. T cell
      subpopulations identified by monoclonal antibodies were unchanged, but the
      proportion of macrophages/monocytes (OKMl-positive cells) increased from 22 +/- 6
      to 46 +/- 10% (p less than 0.05).

PMID- 3889670
TI  - Effect of cyclosporin A on the development of posttransplantation hypertension in
      rat renal allograft recipients.
AB  - Hypertension secondary to renal transplantation was studied in our experimental
      model in the rat. In this model an intravenous injection of donor strain blood
      into recipients of allogeneic donor kidneys prior to transplantation was used to
      prolong the allograft survival. A reduced renal function associated with the
      hypertension was suggestive of incomplete prevention of the rejection process. We
      studied the effect of cyclosporin A, either alone or as adjuvant
      immunosuppressive therapy, on renal function and systolic blood pressure. Either
      way, cyclosporin A resulted in normotensive allograft recipients and in a better
      function of the graft when compared with recipients pretreated with donor strain
      blood only.

PMID- 3889671
TI  - Flow of dialysis fistulas. Noninvasive study performed with standard Doppler
      equipment.
AB  - Ultrasound was used for the measurement of the flow of 50 dialysis fistulas. Mean
      flow was 806.2 ml/min. There was no difference between the flow of the different
      types of fistula. It has been observed that although the vein diameter determines
      the fistula flow, and the former continues to increase even after the fistula has
      matured, blood flow through the fistula does not increase as its velocity
      decreases with greater diameters. Flow measurements with ultrasound have
      important advantages and indications, which are commented.

PMID- 3889672
TI  - Hemorrheological approach to thrombotic microangiopathies.
AB  - Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia is a typical hematological feature of the
      syndromes characterized by thrombotic microangiopathy as histopathological lesion
      (hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura). Nevertheless
      endothelial lesions alone do not account for all morphologic red cell
      abnormalities seen in the blood smear, which cannot be explained only by
      mechanical damage. At least some of these erythrocytic alterations can be traced
      to primitive erythrocyte damage (by intrinsic or extrinsic toxic causes)
      responsible for a hemorrheological unbalance capable of participating in the
      pathogenetic mechanisms involved. Deformed and fragmented poorly deformable red
      cells can contribute by themselves to microcirculatory impairment, leading to
      endocapillary engorgement, increase of peripheral resistances and endothelial
      damage.

PMID- 3889673
TI  - Late urinary tract infection after transplantation: prevalence, predisposition
      and morbidity.
AB  - We have evaluated the incidence, prevalence, predisposing factors and evolution
      of urinary tract infection (UTI) developing late after transplantation in 63
      patients whose graft had lasted at least 3 months and whose follow-up averaged 7
      years. Beyond 3 months after transplantation incidence of UTI decreases
      progressively, from 25 to 0%, 50% of the patients remaining free of infection
      throughout the period of observation. Neither the original kidney disease except
      perhaps diabetic nephropathy nor the presence of vesicoureteral reflux were
      predisposing factors. Incidence and prevalence in females were twice that in
      male. Late UTI did not affect graft or patient survival, or graft function at 5
      years. Most UTI were asymptomatic and had a benign course. However, in 3 patients
      septicemia or graft dysfunction ensued demonstrating the need for continuous
      monitoring of urine cultures.

PMID- 3889674
TI  - Treatment of the uremic diabetic.
AB  - Improved patient survival and rehabilitation have been continuously reported over
      the last decade for diabetics in irreversible kidney failure. There have,
      however, been no controlled prospective trials of the relative merits of CAPD,
      maintenance hemodialysis, or kidney transplantation in the uremic diabetic. As a
      generalization, younger, more rehabilitatable diabetics have been offered a
      kidney transplant, while older, often sicker diabetics have been relegated to
      CAPD, leaving most diabetics in the subset managed by maintenance hemodialysis.
      Treatment preference has reasonably been based on a team's experience and
      available facilities. Furthermore, nonuniform criteria for patient selection, and
      timing of the onset of uremia therapy, preclude direct comparisons between series
      of treated diabetics. While survival of diabetics treated with maintenance
      hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis has improved substantially in recent years,
      survival and rehabilitation after kidney transplantation are superior to other
      forms of uremia therapy. Cumulative data suggest that a treated uremic diabetic
      patient has a 50% chance of living 3 years on hemodialysis, a 50% chance of
      surviving 5 years if he receives a well functioning cadaveric kidney transplant,
      and an even longer anticipated survival of 50% for 7.5 years if transplanted with
      a well-functioning living-related kidney. Even better results may be attainable
      with kidneys from HLA-identical siblings, particularly when transplanted early
      and employing cyclosporine rather than azathioprine, thereby allowing reduction
      of steroid dosage to minimal levels. Kidney transplantation, when judiciously
      undertaken by a team skilled in overall diabetic management, is the treatment of
      choice for the uremic diabetic. Dialytic therapy, however, has appreciable value,
      not only as an alternative in patients in whom transplantation is
      contraindicated, or for whom a kidney is not available, but as life-sustaining
      therapy while awaiting surgical intervention. No matter how treated, diabetic
      nephropathy need no longer be viewed as a disease of desperation. Unfortunately,
      proffering a substitute for the diabetic patient's own renal function does not,
      in and of itself, diminish progression of preexisting multisystem micro- and
      macrovascular disease. Implantation of a functioning kidney transplant in a
      failing diabetic with the renal-retinal syndrome provides a firm base upon which,
      with careful attention to regulation of blood glucose, reduction of hypertensive
      blood pressure, and provision of emotional support, a new, tenuous life may be
      built.

PMID- 3889675
TI  - Changes in total body calcium after renal transplantation: effect of low-dose
      steroid regime.
AB  - Total body calcium was measured in 8 men and 4 women, aged 20-51 years,
      undergoing kidney transplantation. The initial measurement was made within 8
      weeks of operation and subsequent measurements up to 33 months postoperatively.
      Transplant rejection was prevented by low-dose prednisolone therapy (20 mg/day).
      2 patients underwent parathyroidectomy for hypercalcaemia, and their total body
      calcium increased by 29 g (3%) and 66 g (8%). In the remainder the mean annual
      change was -0.9% (3.7, SD) over an average follow-up period of 17 months. This
      fall in total body calcium was statistically insignificant and was smaller than
      that previously described in patients treated with higher doses of steroids.

PMID- 3889676
TI  - Renal survival rate of IgA nephropathy.
AB  - In an attempt to identify prognostic indicators in IgA nephropathy, we evaluated
      the relationship between clinical and histological findings and changes in renal
      function in 81 patients with IgA nephropathy whose creatinine clearance was more
      than 80 ml/min at the time of renal biopsy. The incidence of patients whose
      creatinine clearance decreased to less than 60 ml/min during the follow-up period
      was calculated with the life table method to designate the renal survival rate.
      This rate was compared according to the clinical and histological findings at the
      time of renal biopsy. In conclusion, a statistically significant decrease in the
      renal survival rate was observed in patients with proteinuria of more than 1.0
      g/day, hypertension, severe diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, diffuse
      proliferative glomerulonephritis with focal crescents and glomerular deposition
      of IgM and/or fibrinogen-related antigen.

PMID- 3889677
TI  - Effect of cyclosporin A on antibody-induced experimental glomerulonephritis.
AB  - The effect of cyclosporin A (CYA) on the development of active and passive models
      of rat anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis
      (anti-GBM-GN) was assessed. Active GN was induced by an intravenous injection of
      sheep anti-rat GBM globulin to preimmunized rats. After 5 days, a diffuse
      proliferative GN with proteinuria and linear GBM deposition of rat IgG was
      regularly observed. CYA treatment, commencing prior to preimmunization,
      significantly attenuated the glomerular lesion, reduced proteinuria, prevented
      linear deposition of rat IgG and reduced the serum titre of anti-sheep globulin
      antibody. However, treatment started after the antibody response was established
      failed to alter antibody production, its glomerular deposition or the outcome of
      the disease. CYA treatment did not effect passive anti-GBM-GN, occurring 24 h
      after intravenous administration of sheep anti-rat GBM globulin to unimmunized
      rats. Thus, CYA is able to block anti-GBM-GN when given prior to induction of
      disease, by preventing an active antibody response. However, it did not alter GN
      when the antibody response was well established, or when glomerular injury was
      passively induced.

PMID- 3889678
TI  - Prophylactic treatment with cimetidine after renal transplantation.
AB  - 17 consecutive patients who underwent renal transplantation during the period
      1979-1981 and were at risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage were treated
      prophylactically with the histamine H2-blocker cimetidine without antacids. The
      incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding, the number of rejection episodes and
      graft survival were compared with 17 patients, who had received renal transplant
      during the period 1976-1978 and had not received cimetidine. The incidence of
      gastrointestinal hemorrhage was not reduced in the cimetidine-treated patients.
      In addition, cimetidine treatment neither increased the total number of rejection
      episodes nor changed the long-term graft survival. The results of this study
      indicate that cimetidine does not appear to be superior to antacids in the
      prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding in renal transplant recipients.

PMID- 3889679
TI  - IgA nephropathy associated with enteric fever.
AB  - 3 cases of enteric fever (2 paratyphoid and 1 typhoid) associated with IgA
      nephropathy were reported. Salmonella Vi antigen was demonstrated in the
      glomeruli. The clinical syndrome disappeared after enteric fever was treated.
      Possible pathogenesis was discussed relating this intestinal infection to IgA
      nephropathy.

PMID- 3889680
TI  - Chromoblastomycosis in a renal transplant patient.
AB  - Chromoblastomycosis is a rare, deep mycosis seen mostly in tropical and
      subtropical regions. We have encountered a kidney transplant recipient with this
      subcutaneous mycosis developing as an asymptomatic mass in the right forearm. The
      lesion recurred after an initial local excision, but it is now apparently cured
      10 months after wide surgical excision. The patient had previously been a
      shepherd. A 29-year-old kidney transplant recipient developed a rare deep
      chromoblastomycosis infection and was cured by aggressive diagnosis and surgical
      treatment.

PMID- 3889681
TI  - Plasmapheresis and dipyridamole for recurrent focal glomerular sclerosis.
AB  - A 38-year-old man had recurrence of nephrotic syndrome with focal glomerular
      sclerosis (FGS) in two consecutive cadaveric renal allografts. His first graft
      was lost to recurrent disease after 30 months. Because prior animal experiments
      performed when he had his first graft indicated a possible serum factor or
      factors capable of enhancing urine protein excretion, three plasmapheresis
      periods of 6-8 treatments each were performed 3, 23 and 34 months after
      recurrence of FGS in the second graft. Urine protein excretion was decreased
      transiently in the first treatment period when the allograft biopsy revealed only
      glomerular foot process effacement. The second and third plasmapheresis treatment
      periods were performed after typical lesions of FGS were present in the graft and
      moderate renal insufficiency occurred. Dipyridamole was also given at this time.
      There has been associated stabilization of renal function for over 31 months.
      Prior to this, renal function was significantly (p less than 0.001) decreasing
      with time. The reasons for stabilization of renal function in this man with
      recurrent FGS are not defined, but the results suggest the need to further
      evaluate plasmapheresis and the platelet inhibitor dipyridamole in native and
      recurrent FGS.

PMID- 3889682
TI  - [Peroperative embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations with
      butylcyanoacrylate (18 cases)].
AB  - 18 cases of cerebral Arterio-Venous malformations (AVM) are reported, treated by
      direct intra-operative embolisation. A 50% mixture of Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate and
      Mono-Iodo-Stearate of Ethyl was used. The clinical history of the patients was a
      long history of seizures in 8 cases a sub-arachnoid or intra-cerebral hemorrhage
      in 9 cases, and a transient motor deficit in 1 case. The AVM site was supra
      tentorial in 16 cases, and infra-tentorial in 2 cases. The AVM size was large
      with numerous feeders in 13 cases, and limited with a few feeders in 5 cases.
      Technically, after catheterisation of a cortical feeder, an intra-operative
      angiogram was performed (except for the first 6 cases) then the polymerizing
      mixture was pushed inside the feeder (from 1 cc to 3 cc routinely, depending of
      the AVM size; exceptionally 7 cc and 11 cc were used). In the immediate
      postoperative course, 1 patient died (case with the 11 cc embolization), 3
      patients had a serious postoperative hemorrhage, 4 patients presented with a
      transient postoperative deficit, and in 10 patients the postoperative course was
      uneventful. The long term results are: 1 postoperative death, 1 death after
      recurrence of intra-cerebral hemorrhage (3 years postoperatively), 1 hemiplegia,
      15 patients without long lasting complication. The embolization was performed as
      unique treatment in 14 cases, and was followed with the AVM removal in 4 cases
      (immediately in 1 case, delayed in 1 case, late after recurrence of intra
      cerebral hemorrhage in 2 cases, respectively after 3 years and 2 years).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3889683
TI  - Electrical stimulation and substance abuse treatment.
AB  - The use of electrical currents for the treatment of disease has been considered
      since antiquity but it has only been in recent years that suitable devices have
      been available to scientific investigators to provide stimulation currents for
      clinical use. These devices have been used extensively for the relief of
      intractable pain and are an accepted treatment modality today. Other
      investigators have turned to the investigation of the effects of tiny currents,
      less than one milliampere, applied to the head. Recent investigations have been
      successful in the alleviation of such symptoms as insomnia, depression, and
      tremor. Other investigations have shown similar currents to be effective in
      relieving stress that accompanies withdrawal from substance abuse. In spite of
      these successes, resulting from scientific investigation of the effects of
      cranial electrical stimulation, there is still a general reluctance to use this
      new modality. It is the purpose of this paper to review pertinent aspects of this
      treatment so the health care practitioner may make judgements with respect to the
      safety and efficacy of cranial electrical stimulation.

PMID- 3889684
TI  - Darkness, ethanol and cerebral activity.
AB  - The effect of phase-shift in photoperiod on the mouse's locomotor activity, water
      and food consumption was studied. The mouse sensitivity to the toxicity of
      ethanol, as measured by duration of narcosis time, was assessed. Determination of
      cerebral activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase
      (ALDH) was made in specific mouse and rat brain regions. Animals were exposed for
      short-term of a 12 hr light and 12 hr darkness schedule or to continuous
      darkness. Motility counts showed inconsistent profile followed by a reduced
      frequency of occurrences in mice housed in complete darkness compared to
      controls. Mice slept longer from controls under ethanol narcosis when housed for
      42 days in darkness. These mice showed a reduction of cortex ADH and ALDH
      occurring 24 hr post narcosis. Rats housed under continuous darkness showed a
      transient induction of ADH in some of the brain regions studied from 27 to 84 day
      period compared to inhibition of ALDH and ADH in certain mouse brain regions
      after 37 days of similar environmental condition. The results indicate species
      dependent darkness induced alteration of cerebral activities of ADH and ALDH. The
      increased sensitivity towards the toxicity of ET by housing under continuous
      darkness is suggested, and the implication of such rhythm changes is discussed.

PMID- 3889685
TI  - Neurotoxicological analyses of voluntary alcohol drinking by the rat.
AB  - The enzymes primarily responsible for the metabolism of ethanol and acetaldehyde
      were studied in distinct rat brain regions as a function of sex, age and
      preference to voluntary intake of ethanol. The effects of pH of the injectable
      drug and of ethanol injection on voluntary drinking of diluted ethanol solution
      over water were also evaluated in the male rat. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and
      aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities increased in all 5 brain regions studied
      from 26 days to 67 days of age, as contrasted with an age-dependent decline in
      these hepatic enzymes. The latter showed sex-linked differences in ADH and ALDH
      which were absent in the brain. Rats with preference to ethanol showed a moderate
      increase in brain ADH in diencephalon, cerebellum, mid-brain and pons-medulla
      regions, in addition to that of ALDH in the mid-brain and pons-medulla areas
      compared to controls or to rats avoiding selection of ethanol. Injection of 3-O
      methyl dopa at acidic pH or 0.1 N HCl, but not the same drug dosage at neutral pH
      or saline, resulted in reduction of voluntary drinking of ethanol by the male
      rat. Likewise, injection of 25% ethanol, 1 g/kg, IP, decreased ethanol selection
      for drinking. No measureable blood plasma ethanol was detectable in rats with
      preference to ethanol, consuming approximately 3 g/kg/day in their drinking
      fluid. The results show lack of similarities between the liver and the brain in
      the factors studied and indicate some experimental variances in voluntary intake
      of ethanol by the rat.

PMID- 3889686
TI  - Effect of centrally acting drugs on ethanol detoxification enzymes in distinct
      rat brain regions.
AB  - The effect of short-term administration of chlorpromazine and phenobarbital on
      cytoplasmic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) was
      studied in distinct brain regions of the male rat. The effect of exposure to cold
      environment on the same enzymes was also evaluated. Chlorpromazine treatment
      resulted in inhibition of ADH and ALDH in the striatum and in the cerebellum,
      respectively. This inhibition was determined only when the animals were
      sacrificed 30 min but not 18 hr post terminal drug treatment. The pons-medulla
      content of ALDH was reduced by chlorpromazine treatment from controls 18 hr of
      terminal treatment. Hypothermic animals showed an inhibition of ADH in the
      diencephalon from corresponding controls. The phenobarbital treatment was devoid
      of action on hepatic ADH and ALDH. Concomitantly, an induction of both ADH and
      ALDH by pentobarbital was observed in the cerebellum and in the diencephalon,
      respectively. The effect of the drugs studied may contribute to their adverse
      interaction with ethanol on the central nervous system.

PMID- 3889687
TI  - Chlorpromazine and ethanol intoxication: an underlying mechanism.
AB  - The in vitro effect of chlorpromazine on hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (L-ADH)
      was studied as a function of sex and species. The presence of chlorpromazine, 50
      muMol, in reaction mixture noncompetitively inhibited rat L-ADH in a dose
      dependent fashion in the concentration range between 5 X 10(-5) Mol and 10(-4)
      Mol. This drug concentration also inhibited L-ADH of albino mice of both sexes,
      but chlorpromazine-produced a decrease in Km which was greater in the female than
      in the male mouse. Likewise, chlorpromazine, 50 muMol, noncompetitively inhibited
      mouse L-ADH of C57BL/6J, a mouse strain with ethanol preference, but without a
      concomitant change in the apparent Km. The KI50 determination indicates 3.5 fold
      lower concentration requirement of the drug in the C57BL mouse strain compared to
      that of the albino rat liver preparation. The results suggest that the inhibitory
      action of the drug on L-ADH and the genetic factor involved may influence the
      legal limit of serum ethanol concentration during alcohol intoxication in
      subjects under psychotropic medications. A medical forensic implication is
      suggested.

PMID- 3889688
TI  - Strain dependent effects of ethanol on mouse brain and liver alcohol- and
      aldehyde-dehydrogenase.
AB  - Specific activities of cytoplasmic NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and
      aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) were determined in liver and specific brain regions
      of a mouse strain known for its preference for alcohol C57BL and compared with
      the albino mouse strain. The specific activities of liver and striatal ADH and
      ALDH were significantly greater in C57BL strain than in the albino mouse strain
      used. In both mouse strains, the cerebral cortex, striatum, midbrain and the
      cerebellum were capable of oxidizing ethanol and acetaldehyde. Administration of
      ethanol solution 20% (v/v) to C57BL mice, 2.0 g/kg, IP once daily for 8
      consecutive days, induced liver ADH activity with a rebound occurring after 14
      days of the ethanol treatment. Conversely, administration of identical ethanol
      dose regimens of ethanol to the albino mice produced a small but statistically
      significant decline in liver ADH after 14 days of ethanol administration.
      Furthermore, administration of ethanol for 8 days resulted in a marked decrease
      of striatal ADH and ALDH activity in both mouse strains. However, this inhibitory
      effect of ethanol on striatal ADH and ALDH activity was not evident after
      continued administration of ethanol for 14 days. The results are discussed with
      reference to available information regarding the relevance of biochemical factors
      underlying genetic differences in ethanol preference in mouse strains.

PMID- 3889689
TI  - Peripheral enkephalin hydrolysis in different animal species: a comparative
      study.
AB  - Using column and thin layer chromatography, plasma hydrolysis of leu-enkephalin
      has been studied in man and several laboratory animals. The hydrolysis kinetics
      determined in the various species examined are considerably different. In
      addition, also the enzyme forms evidentiated, their molecular weight distribution
      and relative ratios have been found to vary greatly in the animals under test.
      Our data suggest that the widely different hydrolysis kinetics reported by
      various authors are attributable to the differences between species, rather than
      to differences in the analytical techniques employed.

PMID- 3889691
TI  - Effect of Win 44441-3 and naloxone on endotoxin-induced hypotensive shock in
      anesthetized hypertensive rats.
AB  - A model of endotoxin-induced shock was developed in anesthetized spontaneously
      hypertensive rats. E. coli lipopolysaccharide (13 mg/kg i.v.) reduced systolic
      and diastolic blood pressure by at least 51 mm Hg in 80-90% of rats. Naloxone
      (1.25-10.0 mg/kg i.v.) partially restored blood pressure of hypotensive rats for
      6-15 minutes after injection. Win 44441-3 (0.25-2.0 mg/kg i.v.) raised blood
      pressure for 3-12 minutes after injection. Ten minute pretreatment with naloxone
      (10 mg/kg i.v.) or Win 44441-3 (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) did not appreciably reduce the
      hypotensive effect of E. coli lipopolysaccharide. This model is a rapid and
      convenient bioassay for evaluating the effects of opioid antagonists in endotoxin
      shock. In this model naloxone and Win 44441-3 exhibited beneficial effects but a
      prolonged duration of action of the Win compound over naloxone was not observed.

PMID- 3889690
TI  - Double ligand ELISA technique for the estimation of antibodies to brain tissue
      antigens in patients with neurological disorders.
AB  - A double ligand enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed to
      detect antibodies against brain tissue antigens in the sera of patients with
      neurological diseases. The sera were tested on human white matter homogenate. The
      technique consists of successive incubations with the human serum to be tested,
      rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) to human immunoglobulins (Ig), alkaline phosphate
      labeled protein A and alkaline phosphatase substrate. This procedure has the
      advantage of increased sensitivity compared to the classical ELISA. Application
      of this procedure to the sera of patients with neurological diseases showed that
      the unspecific binding is very low and the results are reliable. Moreover the
      test allows the detection of antibodies to chemically different antigenic
      structures that can occur in a variety of neurological diseases.

PMID- 3889692
TI  - Selected opioids and responding for intracranial reinforcement.
AB  - Rats fixed with chronically indwelling electrodes for intracranial stimulation
      (ICS) of the lateral hypothalamus pressed a lever during daily sessions for a
      fixed intensity of ICS. Before some sessions, they were given placebo, or
      ethylketocyclazocine (EKC) in racemic or isomeric forms [either (+)EKC or (
      )EKC]. Naloxone (NX) was also given with the agents. The racemate facilitated
      pressing across a narrow range of small doses (centered about 0.02 mg/kg). At no
      dose did (-)EKC, a potent analgesic, facilitate pressing and typically depressed
      it. (+)EKC, at doses of 0.04 and 0.08 mg/kg, facilited pressing. These data
      provide further confirmation that opioid analgesia and ability to enhance
      pressing are separable. When NX was given with a large dose of the racemate,
      paradoxically pressing for ICS was facilitated. Apparently, NX selectively
      blocked the effects of (-)EKC. SKF 10047 was also administered in racemic and
      isomeric forms. All three forms produced some facilitation of pressing at small
      doses (e.g., 0.75 mg/kg) and depressed pressing at large doses (e.g., 5.0 mg/kg).

PMID- 3889693
TI  - Naloxone reversal of stress-induced reproductive effects in the male rhesus
      monkey.
AB  - Adolescent male rhesus monkeys, stressed by placement in tethering systems, were
      administered naloxone to discern the involvement of endogenous opioids in the
      stress-induced reproductive dysfunction. Stressed monkeys exhibited decreased
      plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and increased levels of
      prolactin. Administration of naloxone temporarily returned hormone levels to non
      stressed values. Stress depressed sexual activity was increased following
      naloxone treatment. GnRH administration stimulated plasma LH and testosterone
      levels. These results indicate that stress-induced changes in reproductive
      function may be mediated by opioids at levels above the pituitary.

PMID- 3889694
TI  - Prodynorphin immunoreactivity is located in different neurons than proenkephalin
      immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex of rats.
AB  - Reported here is a description of the distribution and cellular morphology of
      neurons containing dynorphin B immunoreactivity (IR) and a comparison with cells
      containing bovine adrenal medullary peptide IR in the cerebral cortex of
      colchicine treated rats. Dynorphin B-IR was found in bipolar and multipolar cells
      in neocortical layers II-III and V-VI and in pyramidal and polymorph cells in
      olfactory cortical layers II and III. In the hippocampus, dynorphin B-IR was
      found in dentate granule cells and multipolar cells. In Fisher rats, dynorphin B
      was also found in cells in the subiculum and in CA1. The extensive regional
      overlap in the distribution of cortical neurons containing prodynorphin and
      proenkephalin in IR prompted a detailed comparison of their localization. In
      double immunostained tissue, dynorphin B-IR was demonstrated to occur in
      different neurons than those containing BAM22P-IR in the cerebral cortex and
      hippocampus of rats.

PMID- 3889695
TI  - Proenkephalin processing enzyme with specificity toward paired basic residues
      purified from bovine adrenal chromaffin granules.
AB  - A novel protease exhibiting substrate specificity toward paired basic residues
      has been partially purified from the soluble fraction of bovine adrenal
      chromaffin granules by utilizing an affinity chromatography on STI-Sepharose. The
      enzyme, with optimal pH around 7.5-9.5, is classified into a serine-protease by
      its inhibitor spectrum. The enzyme specifically cleaved the Lys-Arg bonds of two
      synthetic peptides containing the subsequence of proenkephalin A, but endogenous
      opioid peptides containing a single basic residue in the molecule [Met)enk-Arg
      Phe, (Met)enk-Arg-Gly-Leu) were not affected by the enzyme. The unique substrate
      specificity of the enzyme, which is well in accord with the processing pattern of
      proenkephalin A in adrenal medulla, indicates that the enzyme may be
      physiologically involved in proenkephalin processing.

PMID- 3889696
TI  - Isolation and characterization of four proteases from porcine pituitary
      neurointermediate lobes: relationship to the maturation enzyme of prohormones.

PMID- 3889697
TI  - Partial purification and characterisation of a 31 kDalton putative enkephalin
      precursor from guinea pig striatum.
AB  - The presence of several putative precursors for Met-enkephalin (ME) and Leu
      enkephalin (LE) has been demonstrated in guinea pig striatal extracts. The major
      high molecular weight (Mr) species (31000) contained 9% of the total ME
      immunoreactivity (IR) after digest. This species has been partially purified and
      characterized using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      (SDS-PAGE) and nitrocellulose blotting techniques as well as highly specific
      radioimmunoassay (RIA) for ME, LE and ME-Arg6-Phe7.

PMID- 3889698
TI  - Characterization of a new 23 kDalton enkephalin-containing protein in the bovine
      adrenal medulla.
AB  - Immunoblots combined with specific radioimmunoassays (RIAs) have been used to
      visualize simultaneously all the enkephalin-containing peptides (ECPs) present in
      a crude extract of bovine adrenal medulla. They have allowed the characterization
      of a new high molecular weight ECP which has a molecular weight of 23.3 kDalton,
      contains the amino-terminal part of proenkephalin and ends with the sequence of
      Leu-enkephalin at its carboxy-terminus.

PMID- 3889699
TI  - Peptide histidine methionine (PHM) and the human male genitalia.
AB  - Peptide histidine methionine-like immunoreactivity (PHM-IR) has been demonstrated
      to be present in the human penis both by radioimmunoassay and
      immunohistochemistry with particularly high levels in the corpus cavernosum and
      vas deferens. In the cavernosa, PHM-IR has been localised entirely, in nerves
      around arteries. High performance liquid chromatography indicated that this PHM
      IR co-eluted with synthetic PHM but not porcine PHI. The presence of PHM-IR in
      the penis suggests that this neuropeptide may play a functional role in penile
      function.

PMID- 3889700
TI  - Microdiscectomy versus chemonucleolysis.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 50 consecutive patients treated with chemonucleolysis
      and 50 treated with microlumbar discectomy was carried out. Similar clinical
      criteria for the diagnosis of "virgin" herniated lumbar discs were used. All
      patients had low back or radicular pain unrelieved by a minimum of 4 weeks of
      conservative therapy. Physical findings included a positive straight leg raising
      sign, weakness of the appropriate muscle groups, and a sensory loss or evidence
      of depressed reflexes. All had myelograms or computed tomographic scans
      demonstrating an extradural defect. Compensation cases were eliminated. Results
      demonstrated a 90% marked improvement in the microdiscectomy category and a 58%
      marked improvement in the chemonucleolysis group. Four per cent of the
      microdiscectomy patients were unimproved, and 18% of the chemonucleolysis group
      required a subsequent surgical procedure. The average postoperative hospital stay
      was 3 days for both groups. Because of the necessity for reoperations in the
      chemonucleolysis group, chemonucleolysis seemed less cost-effective than
      microdiscectomy.

PMID- 3889701
TI  - Adult onset of tethered spinal cord syndrome due to fibrous diastematomyelia:
      case report.
AB  - Adult onset of the symptoms of tethered spinal cord is a rare entity that is
      occasionally associated with diastematomyelia. Only one case of fibrous
      diastematomyelia in an adult has been reported. The fibrous nature of this
      disease may present a diagnostic difficulty. A 32-year-old man with the adult
      onset of impairment of sacral functions with lumbar fibrous diastematomyelia is
      reported. Surgical release of the spinal cord was followed by improvement of the
      patient's function.

PMID- 3889702
TI  - Changes in the cytoplasmic distribution of microtubule-associated protein 2
      during the differentiation of cultured cerebellar granule cells.
AB  - The distribution of microtubule-associated protein 2 in cultured cerebellar
      granule cell neurons was followed by immunohistochemical staining with specific
      antibodies. During differentiation in vitro, the neurites of these cells pass
      through a series of developmental stages. At first the emergent processes contain
      only trace levels of microtubule-associated protein 2 which is most concentrated
      in and near the cell body. When the neurites are between two and five cell
      diameters long they exhibit both microtubule-associated protein 2 and tubulin,
      apparently evenly distributed, throughout their length. Subsequently microtubule
      associated protein 2 is limited to an initial, usually varicose portion of the
      neurite whereas its long distal extension contains abundant tubulin but is
      apparently devoid of microtubule-associated protein 2. Thus microtubule
      associated protein 2 and tubulin are not necessarily co-distributed with a single
      neuronal process. In both morphological appearance and in the different
      distributions of microtubule-associated protein 2 and tubulin they contain, these
      processes show a mixture of axonal and dendritic properties. Since these same
      cells do not develop their characteristic dendritic arborizations, our results
      suggest that when removed from the developing brain, cerebellar granule neurons
      achieve part but not all of their normal morphological and cytoskeletal
      differentiation.

PMID- 3889703
TI  - Distribution of serotonergic neurons and processes in the lamprey spinal cord.
AB  - The distribution of serotonin in the spinal cord in two species of lamprey,
      Ichthyomyzon unicuspis and Petromyzon marinus, was studied by indirect
      immunofluorescence techniques. Multipolar cell bodies containing serotonin-like
      immunoreactivity were found along the length of the spinal cord, along the
      midline and slightly ventral to the central canal. These cell bodies send a
      diffuse projection of processes throughout the spinal cord, including: (1) a
      dense projection to the ventral surface; (2) a strong projection to the
      ventromedial longitudinal fiber tracts; (3) a less intense projection to the
      dorsal longitudinal fiber tracts; and (4) a weak projection to the lateral fiber
      tracts. Lesion experiments showed that processes descending from the brain or
      rostral spinal cord provide a major projection to the lateral fiber tracts and
      smaller contributions to the dorsal and ventromedial fiber tracts. Fluorescent
      processes were also observed in the dorsal roots and serotonergic peripheral cell
      bodies were seen adjacent to the dorsal roots. Our results suggest that the
      serotonergic innervation of the lamprey spinal cord arises from three sources:
      spinal interneurons, descending tracts and peripheral (possibly sensory) input.
      This provides an anatomical substrate for our recent finding that serotonin
      modulates the central pattern generator for locomotion in the lamprey spinal
      cord.

PMID- 3889704
TI  - Denervation supersensitivity as a model for the neural control of muscle.
AB  - A review about the neural regulation of the membrane distribution of muscle
      acetylcholine receptors is presented on the basis of author's and literature
      data. The main evidence in support of the role of nerve impulses and of chemical
      factors ("trophic" factors, acetylcholine, nerve breakdown products) as neural
      signals involved in the origin of denervation supersensitivity, is concisely
      described and evaluated. The contribution of breakdown products of the nerve,
      their interaction with muscle inactivity are illustrated and a unifying
      hypothesis on the neural control of extrajunctional and junctional acetylcholine
      receptors is presented.

PMID- 3889705
TI  - Oligoclonal IgA bands in multiple sclerosis and subacute sclerosing
      panencephalitis.
AB  - CSF oligoclonal IgG bands are often found in MS or cerebral diseases in which
      there is chronic antigenic stimulation. Using agarose isoelectric focusing
      followed by immunoblotting, we found oligoclonal IgA bands in CSF from 16 of 20
      randomly selected patients with MS, 7 of 7 with subacute sclerosing
      panencephalitis (SSPE), and 0 of 10 with noninflammatory neurologic or
      psychiatric disease. IgA bands did not correlate with the course or stage of MS.
      Serial samples from two patients with MS and one with SSPE demonstrated only
      minor changes in IgA banding pattern. One MS patient without oligoclonal IgG
      bands had oligoclonal IgA bands, indicating that the latter test may be helpful
      in the diagnosis of MS.

PMID- 3889706
TI  - High incidence of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in North African immigrants to
      France.
AB  - During the 15-year period 1968-1982, 328 French residents died of Creutzfeldt
      Jakob disease (CJD); 273 had been born in France (annual mortality rate of 0.38
      per million inhabitants). Of the 55 foreign-born cases, 12 came from Tunisia and
      11 from Algeria (mortality rates of 4.53 and 0.95 per million). Nearly all of the
      Tunisians were Jews, and six belonged to two families. These findings complement
      earlier observations on Libyan-born Israelis, but still do not discriminate
      between genetic or environmental causal factors, which will require epidemiologic
      investigation of CJD in North Africa.

PMID- 3889707
TI  - Pergolide mesylate: lack of cardiac toxicity in patients with cardiac disease.
AB  - In a 12-month open-label trial, pergolide mesylate was administered in doses with
      antiparkinsonian efficacy to six patients with stable heart disease. Cardiac
      status did not worsen in any patient. Parkinson's disease improved in all
      patients. Pergolide is a safe and effective therapy for Parkinson's disease, even
      in patients with heart disease.

PMID- 3889708
TI  - Organ procurement in Europe and the United States.
AB  - Improvements in the medical/technical ability to transplant human organs have led
      to similar--yet importantly different--societal and organizational responses
      among the nations of the "Atlantic Community." The highly decentralized system of
      organ procurement in the United States yields greater numbers; centrally directed
      European systems reflect lower wastage rates. An emerging convergence of the two
      approaches promises significant benefits and efficiencies in organ
      transplantation.

PMID- 3889709
TI  - Dynamics of health changes in the oldest old: new perspectives and evidence.
AB  - Improvement in survival at advanced ages suggests that important changes in
      health and the natural history of disease processes may be occurring
      concurrently. a general model based upon cohort and life-course perspectives
      describes the changing relation of morbidity, disability, and mortality over
      time. Variability across different social and economic conditions is examined
      among institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly, and between the United
      States and Japan. Future policy must take account of the qualitative, as well as
      the quantitative, changes in aging.

PMID- 3889710
TI  - Health status and service needs of the oldest old: current patterns and future
      trends.
AB  - The costs--economic and social--of projected increased use of long-term care
      services by the oldest old will be borne by third-party payers and by their
      families, who already supply the bulk of personal care services in the community.
      However, use of health services is concerned among a relatively small group of
      disabled aged; efficient planning for those aged 85 and over requires early
      reliable identification of those most in need. Life table models can be used to
      display health care policy options.

PMID- 3889711
TI  - Health and disease among the oldest old: a clinical perspective.
AB  - Interactions of aging and disease are poorly understood by both clinicians and
      the aged themselves. The altered expressions of illness in the oldest old--in
      severity, presentation, and perception--provide a clinical challenge to treatment
      as well as to the formulation of health policy. A progressively diverse
      population, the oldest old will require new strategies for individualized care
      (acute and long-term), case-finding, research and training, and health promotion.

PMID- 3889712
TI  - Sharing increasing costs on declining income: the visible dilemma of the
      invisible aged.
AB  - The federal government considers all persons aged 65 and over a single
      beneficiary group, and data collectors consider them a single cohort. As a
      result, the very old (80 years and over) are virtually invisible; little is known
      about their specific income benefits and economic resources. Costs for the very
      old--a more economically diverse group than the nonaged--are likely to grow
      disproportionately. Recent proposals to share costs will affect the distribution
      of income and assets among the aged and between generations.

PMID- 3889713
TI  - The economic status of the oldest old.
AB  - Proposals to shift more of Medicare's costs to beneficiaries raise the question
      of whether the oldest old--the heaviest users--have the resources to bear these
      costs. Information on cash income, assets, other economic resources, and in-kind
      benefits provides an assessment of the economic status of the very old. When all
      factors and adjustments are considered, the oldest old, as a group, are shown to
      have substantially lower economic status than the young old.

PMID- 3889714
TI  - The oldest old: a fresh perspective or compassionate ageism revisited?
AB  - A focus on persons aged 85 and over is a timely measure for better understanding
      the implications of population aging. Yet, it may generate inaccurate stereotypes
      that reinforce anxieties about conflicts between age groups in the allocation of
      health and social welfare resources. Alternative constructs enable consideration
      of a variety of options that differ from unnecessary extrapolations from existing
      public policies. These range from market initiatives, through state and local
      government actions, to federal intervention for meeting the challenges of
      becoming "an aging society."

PMID- 3889715
TI  - [Acute emphysematous cholecystitis: possibilities of echographic diagnosis].

PMID- 3889716
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of biliary lithiasis].

PMID- 3889717
TI  - [CDP choline and glucose metabolism. Study of clinical pharmacology].

PMID- 3889718
TI  - [Effect of selective proximal vagotomy on basal and insulin-hypoglycemia
      stimulated blood gastrin].

PMID- 3889719
TI  - The treatment of compound fractures in the eighteenth century.
AB  - In the 18th century, the first international dispute of any dimension arose in
      the history of surgery. It concerned the question whether or not compound
      fractures, those sustained on the battlefield in particular, should be treated by
      immediate amputation. The Prussian army surgeon Bilguer showed himself a
      protagonist of conservative treatment, whereas many French authors as well as the
      Dutchman Van Gesscher, favoured prompt operation. Also forced by defective
      medical provisions on the field, primary amputation remained the treatment of
      choice for some time to come.

PMID- 3889720
TI  - [Statistical study of the risk of cardiovascular disease in hysterectomized
      patients].
AB  - The risk of atherosclerotic or hypertensive cardiovascular disease increases
      after physiological or surgical menopause, irrespective of whether or not the
      ovaries are removed. In order to evaluate the direct contribution of the uterus
      in cutting down the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, the clinical records of
      1551 cardiovascular patients and 296 healthy women were examined. All subjects
      were divided into 8 different groups according to their age. The following data
      were considered: 1) the incidence of cardiovascular diseases; 2) the number of
      subjects in physiological or surgical menopause; 3) the number of women
      hysterectomised in premenopause; 4) the number of women who underwent
      hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in premenopause; 5) the number
      of women who underwent either operation before or after the menopause. It was
      found that both in hysterectomised and not hysterectomised women the hypertensive
      and ischaemic cardiovascular pathologies prevailed in the younger and older
      groups respectively. Among the patients with cardiovascular diseases the
      percentage of subjects who had undergone hysterectomy or hysterectomy with
      bilateral oophorectomy was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than in the
      controls. The difference was particularly marked in the younger groups. These
      data indicate that when the uterus is properly stimulated by the oestrogens, is
      able to produce a protective factor against cardiovascular diseases. It has been
      suggested that this factor may be prostacyclin, a potent vasodilator and the most
      potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation yet discovered. The epidemiological
      evidence alone that premenopausal hysterectomy increases the risk of
      cardiovascular disease should be an important consideration in weighing the risks
      and benefits of the procedure. If the epidemiological data can be supported by a
      definite mechanism of action via prostacyclin, then current indications for
      hysterectomy must be carefully reconsidered.

PMID- 3889721
TI  - [Experimental study on the use of cisplatin in oncology].
AB  - 29 patients affected by ovarian (9 cases), head and neck, and miscellaneous
      neoplasms were treated with Cisplatinum. Most cases had been previously treated
      with different drugs. Complete and partial remission achieved significative
      results in 4, 7 and 9 ovarian patients. In the patients with head and neck tumor
      no complete remission and 4 partial remissions were obtained. These observations
      confirm that Cisplatinum may be a useful drug in chemotherapy of cancer.

PMID- 3889722
TI  - [Effects of calcium antagonists on pancreatic endocrine secretion].
AB  - The influence of Verapamil, a calcium antagonist, on circulating levels of
      glucose, insulin and glucagon has been evaluated in 5 normal subjects and in 5
      patients with non insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM). An oral glucose tolerance
      test was performed both in basal conditions and during intravenous infusion of
      the drug (5 mg/h). Administration of Verapamil didn't induce any significant
      change on the three parameters. The small decrease of glycemia in patients
      affected by NIDDM and treated with Verapamil was not related to reduction of
      glucagonemia.

PMID- 3889723
TI  - [Buflomedil and nicergoline in the targeted treatment of acute cerebral ischemia.
      Randomized comparative double blind study].
AB  - Acute cerebral ischaemia may take considerable advantages of an adequate
      intensive therapy associated with a specific treatment of cerebral oedemas,
      especially in terms of mortality-rate reduction. Moreover, target treatment of
      acute cerebral ischaemia may produce excellent results in severe cases selected
      by means of EEG-chronospectrography. Double-blind, randomized comparison between
      nicergolin and buflomedil especialls showed that the latter reduces mortality
      three times as much as nicergolin, and leads to a 200% increment in the complete
      recovery of the "functio laesa", limited to those cases, which showed an
      appreciable improvement following EEG-chronospectrographical survey.

PMID- 3889724
TI  - Cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity in cat extra-adrenal paraganglia.
AB  - In the cat peripheral dopaminergic organs such as the carotid body, subclavian
      bodies, aortico-pulmonary glomera and small intensively fluorescent cell (SIF
      cell) clusters of the superior cervical ganglion and the nodose ganglion were
      found to contain cholecystokinin (CCK)-immunoreactive paraganglionic cells. Thus,
      the extra-adrenal paraganglionic system may serve as a model for studying
      peripheral interactions of CCKergic and dopaminergic mechanisms.

PMID- 3889725
TI  - Software directory update.

PMID- 3889726
TI  - Megavitamins and the hyperactive child.

PMID- 3889727
TI  - How much energy does a pregnant woman need?

PMID- 3889728
TI  - Nutrition classics. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Volume 247, 1972:
      Isolation of vitamin B12-binding proteins using affinity chromatography.
      Preparation and properties of vitamin B12-Sepharose. By Robert H. Allen and
      Philip W. Majerus.

PMID- 3889729
TI  - Newly found roles for copper.

PMID- 3889730
TI  - The development of resuscitation.

PMID- 3889731
TI  - Radionuclide perfusion scans in the assessment of acute renal transplant
      rejection.
AB  - Acute renal transplant rejection is a diagnostic and management problem. In the
      oliguric patient clinical evaluation and biochemical tests are less helpful than
      in those with a functioning graft. The perfusion index derived from a 99mTc
      diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid scan may be a more reliable marker of acute
      rejection. We studied 20 consecutive renal transplant recipients with serial
      radionuclide imaging to assess the usefulness of the perfusion index. Seventy-two
      of 74 episodes of acute rejection were evaluated. Thirty-three (46%) episodes
      were predicted or supported by a change in the perfusion index. In the non
      functioning transplant, 12 of 15 (80%) acute rejection episodes were predicted or
      supported. A scan obtained the day after transplantation confirmed graft artery
      patency in all patients. The perfusion index is a useful diagnostic test for the
      diagnosis and management of acute rejection, particularly in the non-functioning
      transplanted kidney.

PMID- 3889732
TI  - Provincial registration in New Zealand.
AB  - Medical registration under provincial legislation applied only in parts of New
      Zealand between 1850 and 1867. A total of 199 practitioners who were registered
      under that legislation has been traced. Their subsequent fate is known in most
      cases. At least 120 died in New Zealand and 36 known deaths occurred overseas.
      Qualifications were predominantly English, with Scottish the next largest group,
      reflecting British practice at the time. Medical registration for the Colony of
      New Zealand began in 1868, in terms of the Medical Practitioners Act 1867 passed
      by the General Assembly of the colony. Before that, however, there was provincial
      legislation in the southern parts of the country. That provincial legislation is
      not generally highly regarded, but there are records of 199 people who were
      registered in terms of the provincial legislation and these records are known to
      be incomplete.

PMID- 3889733
TI  - Transcendental meditation and three cases of migraine.

PMID- 3889734
TI  - Recent changes in Medicare payments for ambulatory clinical diagnostic tests.

PMID- 3889735
TI  - Preserving the natural dentition utilizing the root amputation technique.

PMID- 3889736
TI  - The provisional restoration.

PMID- 3889737
TI  - Margins.

PMID- 3889738
TI  - Etched cast restorations. A five-year review.

PMID- 3889739
TI  - Maximizing opportunities for using overdentures.

PMID- 3889740
TI  - Present-day concepts in diagnosis and treatment of craniomandibular disorders.

PMID- 3889741
TI  - Psychophysiological treatment of facial pain syndromes.

PMID- 3889742
TI  - The solid gold placebo.

PMID- 3889744
TI  - The breech dilemma. A review.

PMID- 3889743
TI  - Placental proteins in the diagnosis and evaluation of the "elusive" early
      pregnancy.
AB  - For many many years much time and effort has been invested to identify, purify,
      and quantify markers of significant reproductive events. The search for such
      markers has been recently intensified with the widespread acceptance of IVF and
      ET as a treatment regimen for the management of certain causes of infertility.
      Now it is possible to monitor ovarian folliculogenesis and time of ovulation,
      successful fertilization, and subsequent nidation and the ensuing pregnancy.
      Following successful fertilization and zygote development, EPF, a protein complex
      which suppresses in vitro lymphocyte rosette formation can be detected within 24
      hours. Shortly after implantation hCG can be measured in the maternal
      circulation. The developing trophoblastic tissue continues to synthesize and
      secrete into the maternal circulation many varied proteins including SP1, PAPP-A,
      and PP5. To date hCG is the mainstay of rapid and early pregnancy diagnosis and
      is an accepted biochemical marker of successful implantation and trophoblastic
      activity. Combination of hCG and EPF measurement offers the clinician new insight
      into his infertile patient for now it is possible to monitor successful
      fertilization and implantation as separate independent events. Such diagnostic
      assays should also provide new insight into early embryo mortality rate at the
      pre- and postimplantation stage and hence indicate the selection pressures acting
      on an embryo. It is the application of these assays which has led to the
      definition of subclinical abortions and to the description of biochemical
      pregnancies. The value of these proteins for the management of compromised early
      pregnancies has to be more fully examined. Although the differentiation between a
      normal and abnormal pregnancy is more readily ascertained by serial sampling and
      analysis of the time taken for circulating levels to double (3). Preliminary data
      suggest the potential of EPF and PAPP-A measurement in such clinical conditions
      is enormous. Our studies suggest that PAPP-A, at present, is the only biochemical
      marker which can predict pregnancy abortion, even in the presence of normal
      ultrasound scans, many weeks prior to the event, thus implying a vital biological
      role for PAPP-A in normal pregnancy (52). Despite the need for more intensive
      evaluation of these early pregnancy indicators the search for that "demmed
      elusive" marker has more than "Those Frenchies" earnestly looking for him here
      and there.

PMID- 3889745
TI  - Pathophysiology of hot flushes.

PMID- 3889747
TI  - Ultrasonic fetal weight prediction: role of head circumference and femur length.
AB  - The accurate sonographic estimate of fetal weight is helpful in those instances
      when the fetal weight estimate might alter clinical management. Most sonographic
      weight predicting formulas have been based predominantly on measurements from the
      term fetus and then applied to the preterm fetus. Yet, the morphology of the
      preterm and term fetus differs considerably. The authors have examined the
      predictive accuracy of three published sonographic formulas in 69 preterm fetuses
      scanned within 48 hours of delivery. The mean birth weight was 1396 g. Thirty
      nine of the infants were less than 1500 g. Sixty-two percent were products of
      pregnancies complicated by premature rupture of membranes. The results were
      compared with new equations derived from combinations of head and abdominal
      circumferences, biparietal diameter, and femur length obtained from the first 33
      fetuses and then tested on the remaining 36. Whereas each formula correlated
      highly with birth weight, the selected new formula was more accurate than the
      published formulas by each criteria examined. In contrast to the latter, the mean
      error (actual minus predicted weight) of most new equations did not significantly
      differ from zero when tested prospectively. In addition, it appeared that the
      accuracy of two new formulas not incorporating femur length could be further
      enhanced in the group of fetuses whose femur length differed from the mean by at
      least 2 standard deviations by multiplying the predicted weight by the ratio of
      actual to mean femur length. The authors conclude that the use of head
      circumference and femur length coupled with a population restricted to the
      preterm fetus enhances the accuracy of sonographic weight predictions.

PMID- 3889746
TI  - Short-term responses in neonatal lambs after infusion of group B streptococcal
      extract.
AB  - Short-term (0 to 30 minutes) physiologic responses of neonatal lambs infused with
      a trichloroacetic extract of a type III (strain 878) group B streptococcus (878
      TCA) were studied. Bolus injections of 878-TCA were associated with pulmonary
      hypertension, peripheral arterial hypoxemia, and reductions in circulating white
      blood cell and platelet counts. These events were associated with a rise in
      plasma levels of prostaglandins F2 alpha and E and could be prevented by proper
      treatment with ibuprofen. Continuous infusions of 878-TCA were associated with a
      dose-dependent rise in systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures and a fall in
      arterial PO2. During infusion, inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis resulted in
      a return toward preinfusion values. The authors conclude that venous infusions of
      extracts of 878-TCA induce significant pulmonary and systemic arterial vascular
      perturbations in the neonatal lamb and that some of these alterations are
      associated with the release of prostaglandins or other arachidonic acid
      metabolites.

PMID- 3889749
TI  - Inhibitory action of the Chinese medicinal preparation--anti-inflammatory agent
      No. 6--on DIC resulting from endotoxin: experimental study.

PMID- 3889748
TI  - Aztreonam versus gentamicin, each with clindamycin, in the treatment of
      endometritis.
AB  - A randomized comparison of aztreonam (2 g intravenously every eight hours) versus
      gentamicin (1.5 mg/kg intravenously every eight hours), each with clindamycin
      (600 mg intravenously every six hours), was performed in 119 patients with
      endometritis after cesarean section. Patients in both groups had similar risk
      factors. Genital cultures revealed an average of 3.0 isolates per specimen.
      Eighty-five aerobic gram-negative rods were isolated from 57 (48%) patients. All
      were susceptible to both aztreonam and gentamicin. Of 133 anaerobic isolates, 131
      (98%) were susceptible to clindamycin. The failures in the aztreonam group were
      associated with a wound abscess and with an enterococcal bacteremia. Of the six
      failures in the gentamicin group, two were associated with persistent isolation
      of enteric bacilli. In the other four failures, no explanation was evident. Side
      effects occurred in four patients, (three diarrhea, one allergic reaction). All
      were self-limited and appeared to be due to clindamycin. No patient showed
      nephrotoxicity. When used in combination with clindamycin, aztreonam gave
      clinical results similar to gentamicin.

PMID- 3889750
TI  - Immunomorphological study of 216 cases of reactive hyperplasia in lymph nodes.

PMID- 3889752
TI  - [Classification of corneal opacities and indications for keratoplasty].

PMID- 3889751
TI  - Experimental study on preserved rabbit omentum allografts with skin autograft for
      repair of certain ischemic wound surfaces.

PMID- 3889753
TI  - [Comparison between the biochemical and histochemical determination of hormone
      receptors in breast carcinomas].
AB  - The hormonal sensitivity of breast cancer on one hand indicates the prognosis and
      on the other determines the therapeutical procedure when metastases appear. It
      also seems to be important in the choice of adjuvant therapy. Therefore the
      analysis of hormonal receptors in our opinion is at least as important as the
      histological typification of the carcinoma. As there was a trend recently showing
      up the so-called histochemical steroid-receptor-assay which is much less
      complicated than the biochemical (quantitative) method, we investigated the value
      of this fluorescence-microscopical assay by means of parallel determinations. In
      the results of 157 patients of the last three years we found differences in 45%
      of all oestrogen-receptor-determinations and in 50% of 29 progesterone-receptor
      determinations. This indicates that the histochemical assay is most probably not
      representative. There is serious doubt about the possibility to document the
      hormone receptor by this method at all. Therefore it does not seem advisable at
      the moment to waive the biochemical receptor determination.

PMID- 3889754
TI  - [Guidelines of the Working Group on Internal Oncology for drawing up protocols
      for phase II testing of cytostatic drugs].
AB  - A proposal for the composition of chemotherapeutic phase-II-trials from the Phase
      II Study Group of the Study Group for Clinical Oncology of the German Cancer
      Society is herewith presented. The recent international standard is taken into
      consideration. The master protocol shows the formal aspects of such a study,
      refers to the relevant and complete representation of the related literature,
      emphasizes the clear formulation of the introduction and the aim of the study,
      presents the patient including and excluding criteria, gives a formal proposal
      for description of the study drugs, the side effects and supportive therapy, the
      diagnostic procedures and the response criteria. The problems of patient
      information, documentation and statistics as well as administrative aspects are
      mentioned.

PMID- 3889755
TI  - [Role of the clinical oncologist and the oncologist in private practice in the
      ambulatory care of cancer patients].

PMID- 3889756
TI  - [Plasma amino acid pattern in gastrointestinal carcinoma].
AB  - We evaluated the free-plasma amino acid patterns of 156 patients with various
      gastrointestinal carcinomas at different tumor stages. As a control group, the
      plasma amino acid pattern of 73 healthy volunteers at different ages was
      determined. From out results we were able to compute a linear model of seven
      amino acids using computer-based stepwise discriminant analysis. This formula in
      the form of a Tumor-Index can be used as a prognostic indicator for the presence
      or absence of a gastrointestinal carcinoma.

PMID- 3889757
TI  - [Familial plasmocytoma in mother and son].
AB  - Familial plasmocytoma in mother and son is documented in three cases, we can add
      one more. The review of the pertinent literature and our case disclose 40 reports
      of familial plasmocytoma. It seems that genetic factors may play a role in the
      pathogenesis of plasmocytoma.

PMID- 3889758
TI  - [AML-7 study of the value of intensive remission induction in aged patients with
      acute myelocytic leukemia].
AB  - The intensity of modern protocols for remission induction of acute nonlymphocytic
      leukemia presents a major problem in elderly patients because of toxicity. Most
      studies concerning this question indicate that in higher age groups (greater than
      60 yrs.) remission incidence worsens and the death rate increases. Therefore, the
      purpose of this multicenter study is to prospectively compare survival and
      quality of life of two different therapeutic strategies: immediate intensive
      remission induction using Daunomycin and Cytosine Arabinoside (branch I) versus
      supportive care, "wait and see" policy, and palliative cytoreduction (branch II)
      with Hydroxyurea and Ara C when necessary. During the first 8 months after
      activating this study, 27 patients entered, 13 were randomized to branch I and 14
      to branch II. It is too early to report meaningful results.

PMID- 3889759
TI  - Cyclophosphamide plus 5-FU versus 5-FU alone in advanced gastric carcinoma.
AB  - 30 patients with advanced metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma, having a measurable
      indicator lesion, were randomized (1:2) to receive (intravenously) either weekly
      5-fluorouracil alone (15 mg/kg) or combination treatment with cyclophosphamide
      (20 mg/kg) given on day 1 and 5-FU (15 mg/kg) given weekly on weeks 2-5,
      beginning on day 8. The combination cycle was repeated at 6-week intervals.
      Although the toxic effects of therapy were similar in both arms, the addition of
      cyclophosphamide to the single-agent 5-FU regimen did not increase either the
      frequency of objective response (5-FU 18%, combination 16%) or improve the median
      survival of patients with advanced measurable gastric carcinoma (5-FU 4.4 months,
      combination 5.2 months). Patients with pretreatment weight loss greater than 10%
      had significantly (p less than 0.05) shorter median survival (2.8 versus 5.6
      months) compared to patients without weight loss.

PMID- 3889760
TI  - Elevated levels of substances immunologically cross-reactive with insulin in
      blood of patients with malignant and nonmalignant pulmonary tissue proliferation.
AB  - Results of a survey of concentrations of substances immunologically cross
      reactive with insulin (SICRI), glucose and growth hormone in preprandially drawn
      blood of 84 patients suffering from bronchial epidermoid, microcellular and
      adenocarcinomas and 22 patients from sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and obstructive
      bronchitis are presented. In all these diseases, tissue proliferation takes
      place. Supranormal SICRI concentrations were frequently associated with these
      diseases, whereas concentrations of glucose and growth hormone remained
      unaffected; this shows that physiological effects of SICRI in these diseases
      differ from the effects in patients suffering from some lympho-proliferative and
      solid tumors. These results indicate that elevated levels of circulating
      substances detectable by insulin-specific radioimmunoassay can accompany both
      malignant and nonmalignant proliferation in lungs.

PMID- 3889761
TI  - House calls and the elderly.

PMID- 3889762
TI  - The pathogenesis of aphakic retinal detachment.

PMID- 3889763
TI  - Pathology of an orbital dermis-fat graft.
AB  - A patient had an orbital dermis-fat graft implanted for a secondary socket
      reconstruction. The graft shrank only minimally and a portion had to be excised
      to permit better prosthesis fitting. The pathologic findings are presented.
      Although a generalization cannot be made on the basis of one case, prudence
      should be exercised with regard to the degree that such grafts are oversized in
      socket reconstruction.

PMID- 3889764
TI  - Solitary astrocytic hamartoma simulating retinoblastoma.
AB  - The clinical, ultrasonographic and histopathological features (including
      immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy) are described in a
      solitary astrocytic hamartoma of the retina in a 3-year-old child who was
      otherwise normal. Focal calcification was detected by ultrasound and this
      contributed to a misdiagnosis of retinoblastoma. The small tumour was located
      within the nerve fibre layer at the posterior pole and consisted solely of
      uniformly distributed astrocytes with benign cytological characteristics.
      Calcospherites were found within the cytoplasm of the astrocytes. Vascular
      abnormalities included intimal fibroplasia of arterioles with calcification of
      the internal elastic lamina and widespread endothelial proliferation; such
      abnormalities have not been previously noted in tumours with this degree of
      differentiation. The histological features are compared with those in previous
      reports of this rare tumour.

PMID- 3889765
TI  - Facial defect augmentation with a dermal-fat graft.
AB  - The augmentation of facial soft-tissue defects can pose a difficult problem for
      the surgeon. Bone tends to resorb, giving unpredictable results, and alloplastic
      materials are firm to the touch and can migrate in the tissues. The dermal-fat
      graft provides a soft, natural-appearing augmentation. In the case reported here
      a 2-year follow-up shows excellent results obtained with the use of a dermal-fat
      graft to augment a soft-tissue defect over the mandible.

PMID- 3889766
TI  - Combined arthroscopy and "mini-reconstruction" techniques in the acutely torn
      anterior cruciate ligament.
AB  - A concept of the "knee at risk" has been discussed. Such knees with acute
      anterolateral rotatory instability require stabilization. The combination
      procedure of arthroscopy for diagnosis and treatment of internal derangement with
      an extra-articular reconstruction has been described. In a follow-up study of 69
      cases so treated, objective results were 94 per cent acceptable, and subjective
      results were 93 per cent acceptable. There was no apparent difference either
      objectively or subjectively between 12 to 24 months and 24 to 65 months
      postoperatively in this series. The high incidence (80 per cent) of meniscal
      lesions in this series re-emphasizes the need for a high index of suspicion of
      internal derangement in acute knee ligament injuries.

PMID- 3889767
TI  - Intra-articular reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.
AB  - In this article, the author provides criteria for the recommendation of surgical
      intervention in acute and chronic anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency and
      describes various intra-articular procedures for both conditions. Intra-articular
      reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with a vascularized patellar
      tendon graft is described in detail, as are the excellent results achieved with
      this procedure over the past 8 years.

PMID- 3889768
TI  - Extra-articular reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: lateral
      procedures.
AB  - Several extra-articular procedures have been shown to be successful in
      controlling anterolateral rotatory instability. These procedures are performed as
      an extra-articular reconstruction alone or are combined with an intra-articular
      reconstruction. The common goal of these extra-articular procedures is the
      control of the abnormal anterior subluxation of the lateral tibial plateau and,
      thus, the elimination of the lateral pivot shift phenomenon. This goal is
      achieved most readily by placing some portion of the iliotibial tract posterior
      to the transverse center of rotation of the knee in order to provide a check-rein
      effect on the lateral tibial plateau to prevent anterior subluxation as the knee
      approaches terminal extension.

PMID- 3889769
TI  - A lateral extra-articular tenodesis for anterior cruciate ligament deficiency of
      the knee.
AB  - This article reviews patients with documented anterior cruciate ligament
      deficient knees. Historical features are emphasized, and a rating system is
      provided. A lateral tenodesis is described, with timing of the repair and proper
      rehabilitation stressed.

PMID- 3889770
TI  - [The place of the town Nagykaroly in Hungarian medical history].

PMID- 3889771
TI  - [Tivadar Szel, M.D., the first Hungarian medical statistician].

PMID- 3889772
TI  - [Istvan Grosz (1909-1985)].

PMID- 3889773
TI  - [Darwinism and public opinion in Hungary in the 1870's].

PMID- 3889775
TI  - Florence Nightingale, 1830-1910: a nurse for all times.

PMID- 3889774
TI  - [The first physician-editor in the history of Hungarian journalism: Samuel
      Decsy].

PMID- 3889776
TI  - Collective bargaining and the nursing profession--a general bibliography.

PMID- 3889777
TI  - In vitro inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite invasion by human plasma
      fibronectin.
AB  - Human fibronectin isolated from citrated blood was tested for its ability to bind
      to Plasmodium falciparum by an indirect immunofluorescent assay using rabbit
      antiserum to human fibronectin. A positive reaction was observed on merozoites
      inside schizont-infected erythrocytes. The binding was not observed on non
      parasitized red blood cells. The effect of human fibronectin on P. falciparum
      growth was further studied using an in vitro inhibition assay; 50% inhibition of
      parasite multiplication was obtained with approximately 100 micrograms/ml of
      human fibronectin. Slight inhibition was observed below 10 micrograms/ml. The
      significance of this finding is discussed.

PMID- 3889778
TI  - [Presentation of a system for computer-aided decision in diabetes therapeutics].
AB  - This paper presents Sphinx, an expert system for computer-aided diagnosis in
      diabetes therapeutic. This interactive program makes logic deductions,
      comprehensible for users and it is not necessary for them to know artificial
      intelligence methodology. An improvement of the first results is possible and
      necessary, but the reliability of the advice already expressed by the system
      makes it useful as a future physician's implement.

PMID- 3889779
TI  - [Cytolytic activity of macrophages from 5 strains of rats].
AB  - Resident peritoneal macrophages from 5 conventional or pathogen-free rat strains,
      without in vivo or in vitro stimulation, were generally tumoricidal in vitro
      against tumor cells: this spontaneous cytolysis rate varied from one rat to
      another but was significantly different according to the strains. Endotoxins
      induced or increased macrophage-mediated cytolysis from BDIX, Wistar and Sprague
      Dawley rats; they were without effect on those from Long-Evans rats and their
      effect was irregular on Sprague-Dawley Hairless macrophages. Endotoxin effect
      depended on natural cytolysis intensity.

PMID- 3889780
TI  - [Quantitative and qualitative study of the fecal flora of cirrhotic patients].
AB  - In this study, the qualitative and quantitative fecal flora was determined in 30
      cirrhotic patients. The flora of these patients was composed of some bacterial
      populations and does not differ appreciably from the normal.

PMID- 3889781
TI  - [Value of the assay of cholinesterase activity in superficial biopsies of the
      rectum in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease].
AB  - Cholinesterase activity have been estimated in rectal biopsies of 19 children
      with Hirschsprung's disease and 80 normal children. A high level of acetyl
      cholinesterase is a strong argument for the diagnosis of aganglionosis. However
      the ratio acetylcholinesterase over butyrylcholinesterase seems to be a better
      sign allowing a right diagnosis in 99% of the cases.

PMID- 3889782
TI  - [Biliary excretion of apalcillin. Experimental study and evaluation in man].
AB  - Biliary excretion of apalcillin, a new derivative of the ureido-penicillin group,
      was investigated both experimentally and in humans. After adding 10 mg of this
      antibiotic to the circulating blood of an isolated rabbit liver perfusion model
      (n = 5), mean total apalcillin biliary recovery (0-3 h) accounted for 30.7% of
      the administered dose; the biliary peak averaged 686.0 +/- 135.9 micrograms/ml.
      In 5 healthy subjects, a mean maximum level of 1088 +/- 582 micrograms/ml was
      measured in the duodenal fluid collected during the 4 hours following an i.v.
      injection of Ig of apalcillin. In 10 cholecystectomized patients provided with T
      tube drainage, after the same dosage, a mean biliary peak of 2093 +/- 859
      micrograms/ml was reached at the third hour and cumulative biliary recovery of
      apalcillin over a period of 12 hours amounted to 12.1% of the injected dose. In
      20 patients, undergoing biliary tract surgery, intra-operative assays performed 1
      hour after i.v. injection of 1 g of apalcillin, showed simultaneous mean
      antibiotic activity of 65.5 +/- 5.0 micrograms/ml in serum, 3860 +/- 551
      micrograms/ml in main duct bile and 2552 +/- 627 micrograms/ml in gallbladder
      bile. The results of these investigations were compared with data previously
      obtained under identical procedures with 13 other beta-lactam derivatives.

PMID- 3889783
TI  - [ELISA on cells. Review of current technics].
AB  - Immunoenzymological techniques are used to detect monoclonal antibodies directed
      against cell membrane antigens. The different materials used, the method of
      utilizing cells, the choice of the appropriate enzyme and the different technical
      variations are described. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are
      discussed.

PMID- 3889784
TI  - Assessment of a bubble tonometer as a quality control system for blood gas
      analyzers (PO2 and PCO2).
AB  - A blood gas tonometer device, comprising an accurate gas mixer (Corning 192)
      associated with a dual channel bubble tonometer (Corning 184) was tested for
      reliability, accuracy and ease of use as a quality control system for pO2 and
      PCO2 blood gas analyzers. From our results it is apparent that this system can be
      used instead of older and more bulky tonometry devices, gas mixing systems or
      cylinders of fixed composition.

PMID- 3889785
TI  - [Autoimmune hemolytic anemias].

PMID- 3889786
TI  - [Morphological study of congenital osteopetrosis in op rats].
AB  - Osteopetrosis appears spontaneously on the "op" rat (Fatty/ORL). At the confirmed
      stage, description of histologic lesions is made. The attention is attracted by
      an endocavitary tissue observed at later stage of disease. This one does not seem
      to be the result of a metaplasia but rather the image of a persistent
      osteoblastic activity.

PMID- 3889787
TI  - Death investigation in colonial South Australia: the early years 1836-1839.
AB  - An account is given on the basis of contemporary records, of the investigation of
      violent or other unnatural deaths during the first three years of the colony of
      South Australia.

PMID- 3889788
TI  - Mesangial IGM in minimal change glomerular disease: a clinicopathological study
      in a Malaysian population.
AB  - During a 6 yr period, 105 (69%) of 153 patients in whom a histological diagnosis
      of minimal change glomerular disease was made had renal biopsy tissue suitable
      for immunofluorescence examination. Thirty seven (35%) patients showed glomerular
      mesangial deposits of IgM. All the patients presented with the nephrotic
      syndrome. We found no significant difference in age and sex prevalence,
      presentation, response to therapy and glomerular morphology between IgM positive
      and IgM negative groups. This study suggests that there is no necessity to
      categorize IgM positive minimal change glomerular disease as a separate entity.

PMID- 3889789
TI  - Typing of human fetal organs for the histocompatibility antigens A, B and DR.
AB  - In the transplantation of human fetal pancreatic explants into diabetic man, the
      importance of matching the histocompatibility antigens of donor and recipient to
      decrease the chances of rejection is unknown. Before this question can be
      answered human fetuses must be tissue typed. We have shown that lymphocytes
      harvested from fetal liver, thymus, bone marrow and spleen can be successfully
      HLA DR typed in 64% and A and B typed in 57% of 58 fetuses aged 15 wk or more.
      Typing should ideally be carried out on unseparated T and B cells. Best results
      were achieved if all four of the above organs were available and more than one
      million viable cells were able to be harvested for typing. Whilst the DR antigens
      could be typed from all tissues, the A and B antigens could be typed, with few
      exceptions only from thymus, spleen and bone marrow. The efficacy of matching the
      histocompatibility antigens of recipient and donor fetuses, especially the DR
      antigens can now be tested in the human diabetic being transplanted with
      pancreatic explants.

PMID- 3889790
TI  - An enzyme immunoassay for rapid isotyping of monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - An enzyme-immunoassay has been developed for rapid isotyping of murine monoclonal
      antibodies. This assay has several advantages over the commonly used typing
      methods. It does not require the presence of specific antigen. Typing plates can
      be prepared in advance and stored frozen. Unequivocal results can be obtained in
      2 h, and the urease indicator system produces a vivid colour change that can be
      read visually.

PMID- 3889791
TI  - The heparin induced thrombosis--thrombocytopenia syndrome (H.I.T.T.S.): a review.
AB  - Thrombocytopenia and thrombosis occurring as a direct consequence of heparin
      therapy are being recognized with increasing frequency in recent years. Current
      conceptions of the pathophysiology of this syndrome are explained, together with
      the mechanisms leading to the clinical features. The clinical spectrum of
      H.I.T.T.S. is widening, but there are diagnostic problems arising from a lack of
      awareness of the syndrome by some practising clinicians. Many laboratory methods
      for detecting H.I.T.T.S. have been used, but particular attention should be given
      to the method of platelet aggregometry. Finally, problems encountered in
      diagnosis and management of this condition are discussed.

PMID- 3889792
TI  - The antigenic structure of Toxoplasma gondii: a review.
AB  - Even though T. gondii is ubiquitous in the animal kingdom, definitive information
      on its antigenic structure has only become available over the last few years,
      largely as a result of recent advances in immunology and biochemistry. New
      knowledge in this area will enable the immune response to the parasite to be
      studied in greater detail and may lead to the development of newer, more
      meaningful diagnostic tests for toxoplasmosis, and possibly a vaccine against it.
      This paper reviews knowledge on the antigenic structure of this extremely
      widespread and important protozoan parasite.

PMID- 3889793
TI  - [On the 40th anniversary of victory in World War II (Soviet pathophysiology and
      pathophysiologists during World War II)].

PMID- 3889795
TI  - [Role of microcirculation in the pathogenesis of brain edema].

PMID- 3889794
TI  - [Biochemical and morphological changes in the body of animals during the dynamic
      development of experimental abscesses of the liver and subphrenic space].

PMID- 3889796
TI  - [Principles of the pathogenetic treatment for the victims of traumatic shock
      during World War II and today].

PMID- 3889797
TI  - [On the centenary of the birth of the eminent scientist, Prof. Semen Sergeevich
      Khalatov].

PMID- 3889798
TI  - Sleep dreams, cerebral dominance and creation. A new approach to the problem.

PMID- 3889799
TI  - Immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy of childhood malignancies.
AB  - Recent advances in immunologic techniques have allowed the generation of
      monoclonal antibodies against antigens on tumor cells and their normal
      counterparts. Monoclonal antibodies useful for diagnosing and defining subtypes
      of acute leukemias and neuroblastoma have been prepared, although the prognostic
      significance of the subtypes defined by such antibodies remains to be determined.
      The usefulness of these reagents for therapeutic purposes either ex vivo, in
      association with autologous bone marrow transplantation, or in vivo, as carriers
      of cytotoxic agents, is currently under investigation.

PMID- 3889800
TI  - Childhood brain tumors: current status of clinical trials in newly diagnosed and
      recurrent disease.
AB  - Primary childhood brain tumors are the second most common form of childhood
      cancer. Though progress in this area has been slow, the field has evolved
      considerably over the past 10 years. This article focuses on new information that
      will influence our treatment of the more common pediatric brain tumors.

PMID- 3889802
TI  - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood.
AB  - This article reviews those factors that have been responsible for progress in the
      past, describes current biologic and therapeutic approaches to ALL, and discusses
      those unresolved treatment issues that pose the major challenge for the future.

PMID- 3889801
TI  - Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - The authors review the advances of the last decade in bone marrow culture
      cytogenetics and immunology that have aided in understanding the pathophysiology
      of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and they also discuss the major strides in
      treatment that have occurred.

PMID- 3889803
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children.
AB  - The childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are histologically, immunologically,
      and clinically a heterogeneous group of diseases. Recent advances in our
      understanding of NHL have demonstrated the similarities between childhood NHL and
      childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Treatment strategies utilizing
      systemic chemotherapy and modeled after successful treatment programs for ALL
      have resulted in a dramatic improvement in prognosis for children with NHL, and
      the majority of affected children are now curable.

PMID- 3889804
TI  - Neuroblastoma.
AB  - Neuroblastoma originates in the adrenal medulla or anywhere in the body that
      sympathetic tissue normally is present. It may present with a variety of symptoms
      due to primary tumor, metastatic disease, or unusual signs and symptoms such as
      opsoclonus-myoclonus or severe diarrhea. Despite the fact that this neoplasm
      responds to a variety of therapeutic modalities, it remains one of the most
      frustrating and difficult childhood tumors to treat and cure.

PMID- 3889805
TI  - Soft tissue sarcomas in childhood.
AB  - The authors discuss the epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation, and
      treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma as well as some of the less common sarcomas of
      childhood and adolescence. Special focus is placed on making careful
      histopathologic distinction between entities and on clearly recognizing distinct
      clinical syndromes.

PMID- 3889806
TI  - Advances in the management of malignant bone tumors in children and adolescents.

PMID- 3889807
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation in the management of childhood cancer.
AB  - Bone marrow transplantation has become a curative therapy for selected children
      with leukemia and offers promise as a treatment for certain childhood solid
      tumors. Complications such as graft-versus-host disease, interstitial pneumonia,
      and recurrent malignancy continue to affect many patients. As these are overcome,
      and as methods for T-cell depletion and marrow purging are developed that extend
      the scope of bone marrow transplantation, it will become an even more significant
      therapy for childhood malignancy.

PMID- 3889809
TI  - Diabetes camps: management guidelines.

PMID- 3889808
TI  - Late effects of treatment of cancer in children.
AB  - Over the past two decades, owing to advances in surgical techniques,
      chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, there has been dramatic improvement in the
      survival of children with malignancies. Children cured of cancer will soon form a
      significant fraction of our adult population. As we follow such survivors, we
      have become more aware of long-term side effects of treatment. Therapy should not
      be withheld. Instead, careful follow-up of oncology patients is needed to
      document the adverse late effects, to identify the etiologic agents, and to alter
      treatment to give the least toxic therapy without sacrificing the quality or
      duration of survival.

PMID- 3889810
TI  - Ultrasonic diagnosis and follow-up of malignant brain tumors in childhood. A
      report of 4 cases and a review of the literature.
AB  - Four patients between the ages of 2 and 20 years with malignant brain tumors were
      given several sonographic examinations, using an operative calvarial defect or
      sutural diastasis as an acoustic window. Three of our cases and 86% of cases with
      malignant brain tumors reported in the literature are echogenic, making possible
      primary sonographic diagnosis of tumor recurrence and echographic monitoring of
      tumor therapy.

PMID- 3889811
TI  - Sonographic signs of nephritis in children. A comparison of renal echography with
      clinical evaluation, laboratory data and biopsy.
AB  - In 40 children with histologically confirmed diagnosis of nephritis 82
      sonographic examinations were performed for evaluation of echographic signs of
      nephritis. Increased cortical renal echointensity in comparison with the normal
      liver and enlarged parenchymal volume proved to be the most specific and reliable
      signs of nephritis, particularly if both were present. Accentuated
      corticomedullary differentiation was too insensitive to be of additional value.
      Twenty-one patients had follow up examinations in the course of their nephritis.
      In 15 patients sonographic signs, serum creatinine and clinical classification
      showed parallel changes. In two cases sonographic improvement preceded clinical
      and laboratory normalization by several weeks, giving valuable prognostic
      information.

PMID- 3889812
TI  - Abdominal pseudotumor caused by gastric displacement of the spleen: sonographic
      demonstration.
AB  - An infant with a factitious abdominal mass due to splenic displacement by the
      distended stomach is described. Two other cases of this phenomenon have been
      previously reported, both in infants and both diagnosed by radionuclide scans and
      plain radiographs. In our patient, diagnosis was made with ultrasound without the
      need for further studies.

PMID- 3889813
TI  - Influence of airway pressure waveform on cardiac output during positive pressure
      ventilation of healthy newborn dogs.
AB  - During positive pressure ventilation, increases in mean airway pressure produced
      by increases in end expiratory pressure are associated with reductions in cardiac
      output. Mean airway pressure may be increased not only by increasing end
      expiratory pressure, but also by increasing the inspiratory pressure or the
      inspiratory to expiratory time ratio. During positive pressure ventilation of 10
      healthy newborn dogs, cardiac output and left ventricular dimensions were
      measured using radioactive microspheres and echocardiography, respectively.
      Baseline ventilation was produced using the least inspiratory pressure to
      maintain normocarbia (rate = 50 min-1, inspiratory to expiratory time ratio =
      1:3, end expiratory pressure = 2 cm H2O). The mean airway pressure was increased
      3-fold by independently changing the airway pressure waveform through increases
      in inspiratory pressure, inspiratory to expiratory time ratio, or end expiratory
      pressure. Despite differences in airway pressure waveform, similar reductions in
      left ventricular dimension, cardiac output, and stroke volume were seen. We
      conclude that at a given increased mean airway pressure during positive pressure
      ventilation, the reduction in cardiac output is independent of the airway
      pressure waveform.

PMID- 3889814
TI  - Hypoglycemia in the newborn growth-retarded rat: delayed phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase induction despite increased glucagon availability.
AB  - We have characterized the sequential changes in plasma glucose, insulin and
      glucagon concentrations, and hepatic glycogen and phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase (PEPCK) during the first 240 min of life in rat pups growth
      retarded [small for gestational age (SGA)] due to bilateral maternal uterine
      artery ligation. Pups of sham and nonoperated (normal) mothers served as
      controls. SGA pups were smaller, had reduced liver mass, and demonstrated a
      pattern of hypoglycemia. They had significantly reduced plasma glucose
      concentrations at birth, 20, and 240 min but had normal values at 60 and 120 min.
      SGA pups had significantly reduced hepatic glycogen stores at birth. Plasma
      glucagon concentrations in SGA pups increased significantly at 20 and 60 min
      while insulin concentrations decreased equally in all groups. Hepatic PEPCK
      activity increased greatly in the sham and normal pups. SGA pups did not induce
      PEPCK during the first 240 min of life; however, pharmacologic doses of glucagon
      at birth accelerated PEPCK induction in SGA pups and prevented hypoglycemia.
      These data indicate that newborn SGA pups develop hypoglycemia because of limited
      hepatic glycogen stores and retarded gluconeogenesis. The delay in PEPCK
      induction in SGA pups may result from an inadequate although increased glucagon
      release at birth or diminished sensitivity to available glucagon.

PMID- 3889815
TI  - Immunocytochemical investigation of carcinoembryonic antigen expression in
      neuroblastoma with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.
AB  - Immunocytochemical localization of two monoclonal anticarcinoembryonic antigen
      antibodies (11-285-14; 11-359-6) which recognize different CEA epitopes, and a
      polyclonal anti-CEA antibody (DAKO) recognizing both carcinoembryonic antigen and
      nonspecific cross-reacting antigen, was studied in 59 tumor tissue samples from
      18 patients with neuroblastoma. No evidence of intact tumor cell staining was
      seen with any of the antibodies although the polyclonal antibody often stained
      necrotic tissue and infiltrating inflammatory cells. It is concluded that at the
      level of sensitivity of immunocytochemical localization, neuroblastoma cells do
      not express carcinoembryonic antigen.

PMID- 3889816
TI  - Opsonic activity of cord blood sera against various species of microorganism.
AB  - The results of the present study on the opsonic activity of cord blood serum
      against various microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and
      group B streptococci) show that the activity of cord blood serum in promoting IgG
      mediated ingestion is equal to that of sera of healthy adults. This implies that
      IgG concentrations, as assessed by immunochemical methods, in cord blood and
      adult sera represent functionally similar IgG activities. Ingestion of
      microorganisms involving complement-dependent opsonization was found to be of the
      same level for cord blood and adult sera, when the opsonization occurred via the
      classical pathway of complement activation. However, due to decreased
      concentrations of factors B, P, and D in cord blood serum, optimal opsonization
      of microorganisms requiring the alternative pathway of complement was impaired.
      Taken together, these results indicate that an opsonic defect of cord blood serum
      affects mainly microorganisms requiring opsonization via the alternative pathway
      of complement.

PMID- 3889817
TI  - Changes in superior sagittal sinus blood velocities due to postural alterations
      and pressure on the head of the newborn infant.
AB  - A pulsed Doppler bidirectional ultrasound system has been used to measure
      alterations in the blood velocities in the superior sagittal sinus of the healthy
      term newborn infant in response to unilateral and bilateral jugular venous
      occlusion. These maneuvers were performed with the baby lying in different
      positions: supine, prone, and on the side (both left and right), the neck flexed
      or extended, and with the head in the midline or turned 90 degrees to the side
      (both left and right). Transfontanel pressure was also measured in these
      positions during occlusions. Results show that turning the head effectively
      occludes the jugular vein on the side to which the head is turned and that
      occluding the other jugular vein does not force blood through this functional
      obstruction. The effect of different forms of external pressure to the head on
      the superior sagittal sinus velocities was also examined. Alterations in
      velocities were frequently profound although they varied considerably from baby
      to baby. This work shows how readily large fluctuations in cranial venous
      velocities and pressures can occur in the course of normal handling of babies.

PMID- 3889818
TI  - Efficacy and safety of captopril in the treatment of severe childhood
      hypertension: report of the International Collaborative Study Group.
AB  - The safety and efficacy of captopril therapy in children with severe and
      refractory hypertension has been evaluated in a collaborative international study
      which enrolled a group of 73 patients, 15 years of age or younger. Most patients
      had hypertension associated with renal disease or vascular abnormalities.
      Captopril was administered for periods of less than 3 months to more than 1 year.
      A significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures was
      produced by the administration of captopril, usually in conjunction with other
      antihypertensive agents (most commonly diuretics and/or beta-blockers). Systolic
      blood pressures were normalized in 62% and 53% and diastolic blood pressures in
      56% and 45% of reported patients after the second and sixth months of captopril
      therapy, respectively. The response to captopril was sustained over a 12-month
      period. Adverse reactions were reported in 49% of the 73 patients; 48% of
      patients had experienced adverse reactions to other antihypertensive agents prior
      to entering the study. The reactions most frequently observed during captopril
      therapy were hypotension, vomiting, postural symptoms, anemia, rash, and
      anorexia. Leukopenia was reported in six patients, all of whom had renal
      impairment. Two of these patients had received concomitant therapy with
      immunosuppressants, and one had systemic lupus erythematosus. Captopril was
      discontinued in two of these six children. Statistically significant increases in
      mean serum urea nitrogen and potassium concentrations and decreases in mean serum
      CO2 levels were observed during the course of therapy. These effects could not be
      exclusively attributed to captopril administration as the study population
      received multidrug therapy and had significant intrinsic disease. Captopril was
      demonstrated to be an effective and safe drug for the treatment of children with
      severe hypertension.

PMID- 3889819
TI  - [Morphology of Klebsiella sepsis in premature newborn infants].

PMID- 3889820
TI  - [Changes in the activity of proteolytic enzymes, aldolase and aminotransferases
      in young children with acute pneumonia in a hot climate].

PMID- 3889821
TI  - [Current status of the question of periodic disease].

PMID- 3889822
TI  - [On the centenary of the birth of M. S. Maslov (1885-1961)].

PMID- 3889823
TI  - [The names of pediatricians immortalized by history].

PMID- 3889824
TI  - [Trace elements and perinatal development].

PMID- 3889825
TI  - [Evaluation of graft patency by intravenous digital subtraction angiography after
      vascular reconstruction].

PMID- 3889826
TI  - [Development of radiology in Japan. Memorial lecture of the 60th anniversary of
      Japan Radiological Society].

PMID- 3889827
TI  - [Imaging of small renal cell carcinomas].

PMID- 3889828
TI  - Being informed: nursing resources for the information age.

PMID- 3889829
TI  - [Microcomputers in medicine].

PMID- 3889830
TI  - Maternal recognition of pregnancy--a review of the literature.
AB  - A review of the literature concerning the endocrinological changes around early
      pregnancy in the domestic animals is presented. During this period the presence
      of the blastocyst must be recognized by the mother ("Maternal Recognition of
      Pregnancy") leading to a rescue and maintenance of the corpus luteum function.
      Several hormones are involved in these processes and the initial hormonal changes
      are dependent on a viable blastocyst. The key event is its control of the
      prostaglandin synthetizing system.

PMID- 3889831
TI  - Completion of the nucleotide sequence of the central region of Tn5 confirms the
      presence of three resistance genes.
AB  - The DNA sequence of the region located downstream from the kanamycin resistance
      gene of Tn5 up to the right inverted repeat IS50R has been determined. This
      completes the determination of the sequence of Tn5 which is 5818 bp long. The 2.7
      Kb central region contains three resistance genes: the kanamycin-neomycin
      resistance gene, a gene coding for resistance to CL990 an antimitotic-antibiotic
      compound of the bleomycin family and a third gene that confers streptomycin
      resistance in some bacterial species but is cryptic in E. coli. A Tn5* mutant
      able to express streptomycin resistance in E. coli was isolated. With this
      mutant, it was demonstrated that in E. coli the expression of the three
      resistance genes is coordinated in a single operon.

PMID- 3889832
TI  - The secondary structure of mRNAs from Escherichia coli: its possible role in
      increasing the accuracy of translation.
AB  - A secondary structure model was proposed for mRNAs during translation (in a
      polysome) where the secondary structure is described by a set of small unbranched
      hairpins. Computer simulation experiments reveal that the number of hairpins is
      much greater (P less than 10(-6) in highly expressed mRNAs from E. coli as
      compared with the random sequences coding for the same amino acid sequence, i.e.
      certain synonymous codons are used in definite mRNA positions to increase the
      number of hairpins. No constraints on the amino acid sequence, which would affect
      the secondary structure of mRNAs, were found. The codons UGU, UGC (Cys), GCC
      (Ala), ACA, ACG (Thr), CCU, CCC (Pro), etc. translated by minor tRNAs were found
      to occur significantly more frequently in the position 5' to the hairpins than
      the other codons translated by major tRNAs (P less than 5.10(-6). This
      correlation leads to the hypothesis that the process of hairpin unfolding can
      increase the time of translocation from the A to P ribosome site of the codon 5'
      to the hairpin, thus decreasing the probability of translational error (the
      latter would likely occur more frequently in the codons translated by minor
      tRNAs).

PMID- 3889833
TI  - Promoter analysis of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene of Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - In order to find the promoter region of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase [EC
      4.1.1.31] gene (ppc), in vitro transcription was performed using truncated DNA
      fragments as templates. Transcription mapping showed three promoters as
      candidates, but only one of them could be assigned to the promoter of ppc gene,
      considering the nucleotide sequence of its coding region (Fujita, N., Miwa, T.,
      Ishijima, S., Izui, K. and Katsuki, H. (1984) J. Biochem. 95, 909-916). Nuclease
      S1 mapping showed that the in vivo and in vitro transcription initiation sites
      are identical and that the site lies 91 or 92 nucleotides upstream the
      translation initiation site. No alteration of the transcription initiation site
      was observed whether the cells were starved for an amino acid or grown on various
      carbon sources. The sequences of the -10 and -35 regions were fairly in
      accordance with the consensus sequences hitherto reported. Some features of the
      sequence around the promoter region were discussed.

PMID- 3889834
TI  - Excision of uracil residues in DNA: mechanism of action of Escherichia coli and
      Micrococcus luteus uracil-DNA glycosylases.
AB  - Various octadeoxynucleotides containing uracil at different positions were
      synthesized and submitted to the action of Escherichia coli and Micrococcus
      luteus uracil-DNA glycosylases. A uracil residue situated at the 5'-end was
      excised by the M.luteus enzyme but not by the E.coli one. Uracil residues located
      at the ultimate and penultimate positions at the 3'-end were not cleaved by
      either enzymes. At the other central positions, uracil was eliminated with
      different initial velocities. Single stranded phi X 174 DNA fragments were used
      to study the influence of the sequence. Cytosine bases were deaminated to give
      uracil by bisulfite treatment. It was shown that the initial excision velocity of
      two vicinal uracil residues was decreased. The same observation was made for two
      uracils separated by one base. A hypothetical scheme is suggested to explain the
      mechanism of action of uracil-DNA glycosylases.

PMID- 3889835
TI  - Complexes of viroids with histones and other proteins.
AB  - Complexes of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) with nuclear proteins have been
      studied by in vitro reconstitution of the complexes and by isolation and
      characterization of in vivo complexes under non-dissociating conditions. For in
      vitro reconstitution, nuclear proteins were separated by SDS-gel-electrophoresis,
      renatured and blotted onto nitrocellulose filters, and incubated with viroid. The
      viroid-protein complexes were crosslinked covalently, and the viroid containing
      protein bands were detected by northern hybridization with a radioactive cDNA
      probe. The histones, a 41,000 dalton protein and to a small extent a 31,000
      dalton protein were found in complexes with viroids. Raising the strength to 0.4
      M NaCl destroys the complexes with the 41,000 dalton proteins but not those with
      the histones. From nucleoli, which are known to obtain the majority of viroids
      under non-dissociating conditions (Schumacher et al., (1983) EMBO J. 2, 1549
      1555), a nucleosomal fraction was prepared. Viroids were found predominantly in
      this nucleosomal fraction. They are bound in a complex of 12-15 svedberg units.

PMID- 3889836
TI  - Developmental and tissue-specific expression of a family of transcripts related
      to rat insulin-like growth factor II mRNA.
AB  - We have constructed a cDNA library from the mRNA of a rat liver cell line (BRL
      3A) and characterized cDNA clones encoding the protein precursor of the rat
      insulin-like growth factor II (pre-pro-rIGF-II). This precursor, inferred from
      the nucleotide sequence, consists of a signal peptide, the rIGF-II sequence, and
      a trailer polypeptide of unknown significance. The characterized cDNA sequence
      (1016 nt) is part of a 3.4 kb mRNA species. Northern analysis reveals that a
      probe containing the extreme 5' noncoding region hybridizes to a second RNA (1.6
      kb), while a probe corresponding to the 5' noncoding region proximal to the
      coding region hybridizes to two other RNA species (1.75 and 1.1 kb). All four
      RNAs are differentially expressed in all of the neonatal tissues that were
      examined, while the 3.4 kb pre-pro-rIGF-II mRNA and the 1.1 kb transcript are
      absent from adult tissues.

PMID- 3889837
TI  - Efficient secretion and purification of human insulin-like growth factor I with a
      gene fusion vector in Staphylococci.
AB  - A novel approach for production of small polypeptides, using a staphylococcal
      protein A vector, is described. This system is used to express, secrete and
      purify human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). A fusion protein consisting of
      protein A and IGF-I is recovered in high yield by passing the culture medium
      through an IgG affinity column. Using site-specific mutagenesis an acid labile
      asp-pro cleavage site was introduced at the fusion point between the two
      proteins. The protein A "tail" can thereby be removed from the affinity purified
      fusion protein by chemical cleavage releasing biologically active IGF-I
      molecules.

PMID- 3889838
TI  - The mac promoters: functional hybrid promoters activated by the malT product and
      repressed by the lacI product.
AB  - Using in vitro techniques we have fused upstream sequences from the malPp
      promoter (normally activated by the MalT protein) to downstream sequences from
      the lacZp promoter (normally repressed by the LacI protein). Several hybrid
      promoters were thus obtained, which were controlled by the MalT protein, but were
      poorly active. More efficient promoters were then isolated using in vivo
      selection. Three main conclusions could be derived from the analysis of all of
      these hybrid promoters. Firstly, the MalT protein seems able to force RNA
      polymerase to start transcription at any DNA sequence, albeit with a low
      efficiency. Secondly, the strength of the hybrid promoters is considerably
      increased if a Pribnow Box is positioned at a precise location with respect to
      the MalT binding site. Thirdly, the presence of the lac operator, even when
      properly positioned with respect to the transcription startpoint, does not
      suffice to permit full repression by the lacI product.

PMID- 3889839
TI  - Yeast mitochondrial tRNAIle and tRNAMetm: nucleotide sequence and codon
      recognition patterns.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of yeast mitochondrial isoleucine- and methionine
      elongator tRNA have been determined. Interestingly, long stretches of almost
      identical nucleotide sequences are found within these two tRNAs and also within
      the yeast mt tRNAMetf, suggesting that the 3 tRNAs may have arisen from a common
      ancestor. Both mt tRNAMetm and tRNAIle contain all the structural characteristics
      which are present in the standard cloverleaf, except that the mt tRNAMetm
      contains an extra unpaired nucleotide within the base-paired T psi C stem. This
      rather unusual feature may have an influence on the decoding properties of the C
      A-U anticodon of mt tRNAMetm by conferring the ability to translate not only the
      codon A-U-G but also A-U-A.

PMID- 3889840
TI  - Does the 'non-coding' strand code?
AB  - The hypothesis that DNA strands complementary to the coding strand contain in
      phase coding sequences has been investigated. Statistical analysis of the 50
      genes of bacteriophage T7 shows no significant correlation between patterns of
      codon usage on the coding and non-coding strands. In Bacillus and yeast genes the
      correlation observed is not different from that expected with random synonymous
      codon usage, while a high correlation seen in 52 E. coli genes can be explained
      in terms of an excess of RNY codons. A deficiency of UUA, CUA and UCA codons
      (complementary to termination) seems to be restricted to the E. coli genes, and
      may be due to low abundance of the relevant cognate tRNA species. Thus the
      analysis shows that the non-coding strand has the properties expected of a
      sequence complementary to a coding strand, with no indications that it encodes,
      or may have encoded, proteins.

PMID- 3889841
TI  - A simple and efficient method for chemical mutagenesis of DNA.
AB  - A simple and efficient procedure for the generation of random GC to AT transition
      mutations in a specific DNA segment is described. A restriction fragment is
      inserted in each orientation into an M13 vector, single-stranded virion DNA from
      each recombinant phage is treated with methoxylamine, and, after reannealing of
      the mutagenized strands, a double-stranded restriction fragment is obtained. This
      methoxylamine-derivatized DNA segment is then joined with linearized M13 RF DNA,
      competent E. coli is transfected, and mutations are directly identified by
      sequencing of the phage DNA. Using this technique, single and double nucleotide
      substitutions were generated at a frequency greater than 50% in a 56-base pair
      segment of the signal codons of the TEM beta-lactamase.

PMID- 3889842
TI  - Quantitative analysis of in situ hybridization methods for the detection of actin
      gene expression.
AB  - We have implemented an efficient, quantitative approach for the optimization of
      in situ hybridization using double-stranded recombinant DNA probes. The model
      system studied was actin mRNA expression in chicken embryonic muscle cultures.
      Actin and control (pBR322) probes were nick-translated with p32 labeled
      nucleotides, hybridized to cells grown on coverslips, and quantitated in a
      scintillation counter. Cellular RNA retention was monitored via the incorporation
      of H3-Uridine into RNA prior to cell fixation. Over a thousand samples were
      analyzed, and among the technical variables examined were the fixation protocol,
      proteolytic cell pretreatment, the time course of hybridization, saturation
      kinetics, hybridization efficiency, and effect of probe size on hybridization and
      network formation. Results have allowed us to develop a reproducible in situ
      hybridization methodology which is simpler and less destructive to cellular RNA
      and morphology than other protocols. Moreover, this technique is highly sensitive
      and efficient in detection of cellular RNAs. Lastly, the rapid quantitative
      approach used for this analysis is valuable in itself as a potential alternative
      to filter or solution hybridizations.

PMID- 3889843
TI  - The linear extrachromosomal DNA of Physarum polycephalum replicates and is
      maintained under non-selective conditions in two different lower eukaryotes.
AB  - The slime mould Physarum polycephalum contains 100 to 200 molecules of
      extrachromosomal linear DNA (PeDNA). Two sets of the 19S and 26S ribosomal genes
      are located on each molecule of PeDNA. In the nonmitotic phase of the cell cycle
      PeDNA is localised in the nucleolus. The molecules are maintained throughout
      vegetative growth. In order to study the signals responsible for its maintenance,
      PeDNA was purified and introduced into the two distantly related yeasts
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Surprisingly, intact
      PeDNA transforms both yeasts with high frequency and PeDNA sequences are
      maintained in the absence of selective pressure.

PMID- 3889844
TI  - Optimizing the expression in E. coli of a synthetic gene encoding somatomedin-C
      (IGF-I).
AB  - Double-stranded DNA encoding the human hormone somatomedin-C (SMC) has been
      synthesized. This synthetic gene has been inserted into a plasmid bearing the
      strong leftward promoter (PL) of bacteriophage lambda and expressed in E. coli.
      Codons for the N-terminal region of SMC which maximized the hormone's synthesis
      were chosen in an SMC-lac z fusion assay. The amounts of SMC accumulated in E.
      coli were influenced by mutations at two chromosomal loci, lon and htpR.

PMID- 3889845
TI  - Cloning of the E. coli O6-methylguanine and methylphosphotriester
      methyltransferase gene using a functional DNA repair assay.
AB  - Alkylating agents react with various nitrogen and oxygen atoms in DNA and many of
      the products are substrates for repair processes. Oxygen atom derivatives such as
      O6-methylguanine (O6-meG) O4-methylthymine and methylphosphotriesters (MP) have
      been shown to undergo repair by methyl group removal. The proteins involved in
      the latter reaction can be considered to be methyltransferases (MT) because their
      action results in the transfer of the methyl group to a cysteine residue within a
      polypeptide. A rapid and sensitive assay for MT activity has been developed and
      used to screen extracts of bacteria harbouring an E. coli genomic DNA library
      carried in a plasmid vector. We report here the cloning of an E. coli gene coding
      for O6-meG and MP MT repair functions. These two activities reside on a 37Kd
      protein that can undergo a host-dependent cleavage to produce an 18Kd protein
      which contains only O6-meG MT and a 13Kd protein which contains only MP MT.

PMID- 3889846
TI  - Human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase cDNA: isolation of clones synthesising high
      levels of active or inactive enzyme from an expression library.
AB  - The molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the cDNA for human Cu/Zn
      superoxide dismutase (SOD) is reported. The tacI promoter has been used to direct
      the synthesis in E. coli of this SOD which is soluble, stable, and of normal
      specific activity. The N-terminal methionine is removed from this protein. A
      construction with a ribosome binding site identical to that of the lacz gene 5'
      of the initiator methionine codon, resulted in low levels of SOD. An in vitro
      mutagenesis procedure was used to randomize the four nucleotides preceding the
      initiator methionine codon and the silent third positions of the codons
      specifying the second and third amino acids. Analysis of a sample of 500 clones
      showed that ca. 25 clones synthesised 5% or more of soluble cell protein as SOD.
      The nucleotide sequences of high level expressors showed a predominance of A and
      T residues in the variable positions 5' of the initiator methionine codon. An SOD
      mutant (ala4----gln) was discovered during the sequencing and shown to lack
      dismutation activity. Secondary structure predictions for the 5' regions of the
      mRNAs from high and low level expressors support the hypothesis that initiation
      of translation is much reduced if part of the region complementary to 16s rRNA is
      base paired in a stem structure.

PMID- 3889847
TI  - Novel non-suppressing mutants of Escherichia coli tRNATyr su+3.
AB  - Several addition and deletion mutations were constructed in the region of the
      gene for Escherichia coli tRNATyr su+3 corresponding to the dihydrouracil loop of
      the mature tRNA. None of these resulting mutants had detectable suppressor
      function compared to the parent gene yet some directed the synthesis of mature
      tRNA. These latter mutants may affect the ability of the tRNA to be aminoacylated
      or to interact with the translational machinery on the ribosome.

PMID- 3889848
TI  - A complex of single-strand binding protein and M13 DNA as hybridization probe.
AB  - Single-stranded DNA was complexed to the single-strand binding protein (SSB) of
      Escherichia coli in a mass ratio of 30:1. The protein moiety of this complex can
      be labelled by a number of methods of which we have chosen radio-iodination and
      biotinylation as examples. The SSB-M13 DNA complexes, labelled to high specific
      activities, were used as probes in hybridization experiments in which 1.6 X 10(
      18) moles of immobilized target DNA were detected. The stability of the hybrids
      was not severely decreased by the binding of SSB. Analysis of hybrids by electron
      microscopy showed that complexing of DNA with SSB could be used to allow its
      subsequent identification in the hybrids.

PMID- 3889849
TI  - Transcription of a Drosophila tRNAArg gene in yeast extract: 5'-flanking sequence
      dependence for transcription in a heterologous system.
AB  - The Drosophila tRNA gene encoded on pArg is efficiently transcribed in extracts
      of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but the efficiency is 5'-flanking sequence
      dependent: deletion to between positions -21 and -17 (relative to position +1 of
      the mature coding sequence) reduces transcription to a very low level. This
      demonstrates that requirement for wild-type 5'-flanking sequence exists in the
      case of a heterologous combination of a tRNA gene and transcription extract.
      Expression of pArg in vivo in S. cerevisiae is also dependent on the wild-type 5'
      flanking sequence, but only with deletion to between -17 and -11 is the steady
      state level of pArg transcripts reduced to near zero. The 5'-flanking sequence
      requirement in S. cerevisiae extract is similar to that found in Drosophila Kc
      cell extract. However, transcription kinetics distinguish S. cerevisiae extract
      from that of Drosophila Kc cells. tRNA genes added to S. cerevisiae extract
      exhibit a lag phase before initiation of active transcription, but this lag is
      much shorter and much less temperature dependent than is the lag phase in
      Drosophila Kc cell extract.

PMID- 3889850
TI  - Rapid assay for detection of Escherichia coli xanthine-guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase activity in transduced cells.
AB  - Cultured mammalian cells transduced with the Escherichia coli gene, Ecogpt,
      synthesize the bacterial enzyme xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase
      (XGPT) (1). This paper describes a method for measuring XGPT activity in crude
      cell extracts by following the conversion of 14C-xanthine (X) to 14C-xanthine
      monophosphate (XMP) and 14C-xanthosine (XR) by thin layer chromatography. The
      method is rapid, easy to use, sensitive and linear over a wide range of XGPT
      activity and has been useful for detecting XGPT in cells that were transiently
      transfected or stably transformed with Ecogpt. During our studies, we have found
      that a human cell line (XP20S) converts xanthine to XMP. This activity is
      probably catalyzed by a variant hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
      (HGPT) since the low activity is readily inhibited by hypoxanthine. A low level
      of conversion of X to XMP may explain why some cell lines are not killed in a
      medium containing mycophenolic acid and X.

PMID- 3889852
TI  - Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis by microscale 'shot-gun' gene synthesis.
AB  - We describe a rapid and efficient microscale method for in vitro site-directed
      mutagenesis by gene synthesis. Mutants are constructed by "shot-gun ligation" of
      overlapping synthetic oligonucleotides yielding double stranded synthetic DNA of
      more than 120 nucleotides in length. The terminal oligonucleotides of the DNA
      segment to be synthesized are designed to create sticky ends complementary to
      unique restriction sites of a polylinker present in an M13 vector. The
      oligonucleotides are hybridized and ligated to the M13 vector without any
      purification of the synthetic DNA segment. After cloning, about half of the
      progeny from such shot-gun ligations contained the predicted sequence
      demonstrating the efficacy of this method for gene synthesis and its potential
      for the extensive mutational analysis of genes.

PMID- 3889853
TI  - [Importance of correction for background in radionuclide ventriculography
      (equilibrium technic)].
AB  - In evaluating radionuclide ventriculography which includes a background
      subtraction step, the considerable effect of this step on the calculated ejection
      fraction ought to be considered. An overestimate of the background activity will
      result in a falsely high ejection fraction and vice versa. Errors in background
      subtraction should be realized and eliminated. The background activity ought to
      be measured in each examination and should not be considered as constant. A
      simple method of background determination and subtraction is proposed.

PMID- 3889851
TI  - DNA synthesis in yeast cell-free extracts dependent on recombinant DNA plasmids
      purified from Escherichia coli.
AB  - In our attempts to establish a cell-free DNA replication system for the yeast
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we have observed that recombinant DNA plasmids purified
      from Escherichia coli by a common procedure (lysozyme-detergent lysis and
      equilibrium banding in cesium chloride ethidium bromide gradients) often serve as
      templates for DNA synthesis by elongation enzymes. The templates could be
      elongated equally well by enzymes present in the yeast cell-free extracts, by the
      large proteolytic fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I or by T4 DNA polymerase.
      The template activity of the purified plasmids was dependent on the presence of
      heterologous DNA segments in the bacterial vectors. The template activity could
      be diminished by treatment with alkali. We propose that the ability of
      recombinant plasmids isolated from bacterial hosts to serve as elongation
      templates may lead to erroneous conclusions when these plasmids are used as
      templates for in vitro replication or transcription reactions.

PMID- 3889855
TI  - Computing. Soft cells.

PMID- 3889854
TI  - Handwashing: ring-wearing and number of microorganisms.

PMID- 3889856
TI  - A new history of nursing. A suitable case for treatment.

PMID- 3889857
TI  - Only a coalminer's daughter....(Maude Storey).

PMID- 3889858
TI  - VE day remembered. Man's inhumanity to man.

PMID- 3889859
TI  - VE day remembered. Forty years on.

PMID- 3889860
TI  - Implications of the new hospice legislation and the accompanying regulations.
AB  - Recent government intervention into hospice care resulted from legislation
      designed to provide payment for care for Medicare recipients. The new regulations
      are reviewed, financial ramifications are investigated, and the possible
      implications of this reimbursement system are addressed.

PMID- 3889861
TI  - Access to hospice. Ethical dimensions.
AB  - The ethical dimensions of availability and accessibility of hospice care to dying
      persons and their families are discussed. The Dying Person's Bill of Rights is
      used as a framework for commenting on applicable ethical principles,
      reimbursement patterns of the federal government, and decision-making obligations
      of society, institutions, caregivers, patients, and families.

PMID- 3889862
TI  - Symposium on hospice. Establishing a Medicare-certified inpatient unit.
AB  - This article presents the experience of a community-based Medicare-certified
      hospice program in establishing an inpatient unit in an acute care hospital. To
      date, there are few Medicare-certified programs compared to the total number of
      hospice programs in the United States. Since the regulations are new, the total
      ramifications of the regulations cannot be appreciated. The most obvious concern
      is financial. Careful negotiation and preplanning among the persons in the power
      positions of the two agencies assure a smooth working relationship. Even with
      good planning, numerous potential problems created by the Medicare regulations
      can occur. These problems have been addressed and some options for solution
      presented. The positive aspects resulting from the establishment of the inpatient
      unit are nurse, patient, family, and physician satisfaction with the high quality
      of care delivered, community appreciation of availability of inpatient beds, good
      documentation, improved public relations for the hospital and hospice program,
      and increased census for the hospice program. Undoubtedly, there are negative
      aspects in establishing an inpatient unit; however, to date, none have been
      identified.

PMID- 3889863
TI  - History of nursing. The first nurse manager (Sarah Wardroper).

PMID- 3889864
TI  - Hospital histories. 8. The London Chest Hospital.

PMID- 3889865
TI  - Hospital histories. 10. Chelsea Hospital for Women.

PMID- 3889866
TI  - Hospital histories. 11. The Royal London Homoeopathic Hospital.

PMID- 3889867
TI  - Mental health. Psychiatry under fire.

PMID- 3889868
TI  - Hospital histories. 12. Royal Hospital and Home for Incurables.

PMID- 3889869
TI  - Hospital histories. 13. St Crispin Hospital.

PMID- 3889870
TI  - I, the donor.

PMID- 3889871
TI  - Cardiac electrophysiologic testing: its role in the selection of antiarrhythmic
      drug regimens for supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.
AB  - Cardiac electrophysiology studies use intracardiac recording and programmed
      stimulation to define the mechanisms and most appropriate therapy for
      supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. Using these techniques, the
      majority of clinical tachycardias can be reproducibly initiated and terminated in
      the electrophysiology laboratory, thereby allowing the most appropriate therapy
      to be selected. With this approach, antiarrhythmic agents can be tested in a
      systematic, serialized fashion for efficacy, safety and patient tolerance. With
      both supraventricular and ventricular tachycardias, suppression of arrhythmia
      induction predicts freedom from recurrence, whereas inducibility carries a poor
      prognosis in clinical follow-up. Electrophysiology studies provide a safe and
      effective approach to the treatment of selected patients with cardiac
      arrhythmias.

PMID- 3889872
TI  - Management of young children with recurrent herpes simplex skin lesions in
      special education programs.

PMID- 3889874
TI  - Increased risk of illness among nursery staff caring for neonates with
      necrotizing enterocolitis.
AB  - In 1983 an outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and hemorrhagic
      gastroenteritis occurred in our newborn nurseries. Eleven children were ill and
      three required bowel resections. During the outbreak many of the medical and
      nursing staff in the nurseries also were ill, prompting a microbiologic and
      epidemiologic investigation. Bacterial and viral cultures, Clostridium difficile
      toxin assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for viral antigens and
      immunoelectron microscopy of stools identified no associated pathogen. However,
      using a method of calculating relative risk as an incidence density ratio, we
      found that nurses who had cared for ill infants were at higher risk for sick call
      within the 9 days following exposure than nurses who had cared for babies without
      NEC (relative risk, 1.96; P = 0.05). These results provide additional evidence
      that a transmissible agent may be responsible for some cases of NEC and support
      the recommendation for infection control measures during outbreaks. The
      epidemiologic methods used in this study may be useful in prospective studies of
      NEC and may help to provide further clues to the cause of this disease.

PMID- 3889873
TI  - Fatal early onset group B streptococcal sepsis with normal leukocyte counts.
AB  - In contrast to the attitude prevalent a decade ago, clinicians entertaining the
      diagnosis of neonatal bacterial sepsis now often place considerable reliance on
      the blood neutrophil count and degree of left shift. In this report we present
      four cases which illustrate that in some patients, no derangement of the complete
      blood count (CBC) is present early in the course of bacterial sepsis. In order to
      determine the length of time between bacterial inoculation and the appearance of
      changes in the CBC, we used an animal model of early onset Group B streptococcal
      sepsis. In adult animals we observed characteristic changes in the CBC within 1
      hour of bacterial inoculation, but in neonates this latent period was
      considerably longer, lasting 4 hours. Thus a normal CBC might actually be
      expected during the first several hours of early onset neonatal sepsis. This
      delay in appearance of CBC changes constitutes a previously uninvestigated
      feature of neonatal neutrophil kinetics, the "latent period."

PMID- 3889875
TI  - Use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to prevent bacterial infections in children
      with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - We assessed the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in children receiving
      intensive chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The patients were
      randomized to receive either trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) or placebo
      in a double-blind trial. Thirty patients were evaluated in each group. Children
      receiving TMP-SMX had fewer episodes of bacteremia (0 vs. 5) and otitis media (3
      vs. 18). The geometric mean of the neutrophil nadir was 172 in the TMP-SMX group
      and 287 in controls. However, no increased delay or dose reduction of
      chemotherapy was observed in the TMP-SMX treated patients. Five patients who
      received TMP-SMX developed Gram-negative rods resistant to TMP-SMX on
      surveillance stool cultures. We conclude that TMP-SMX prophylaxis decreased
      certain bacterial infections in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
      without causing clinically significant toxicity. The emergence of Gram-negative
      rods resistant to TMP-SMX in treated patients suggests that TMP-SMX prophylaxis
      should be restricted to patients who are at high risk for developing a bacterial
      infection or Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

PMID- 3889876
TI  - Comparative evaluation of kits for rapid diagnosis of group A streptococcal
      disease.
AB  - The role of rapid diagnostic tests for Group A streptococcal disease has not been
      firmly established. High quality data concerning these rapid streptococcal tests
      are not available; current information does not allow for direct test comparisons
      to be made; the superiority of rapid diagnostic technology over traditional
      throat cultures has not been proved. Subgroups which might benefit from this
      technology could include those who (1) are severely ill, (2) have been excluded
      from school or day care because of a streptococcal infection, (3) have a history
      of rheumatic fever and are not taking antimicrobial prophylaxis or (4) live in a
      confined residential setting. Each available test kit has a mixture of
      performance features, allowing for individual choices based on office and
      practice needs. Product technology is expected to change rapidly. Reassessment of
      any current decision may well lead to a different conclusion in 6 to 12 months.

PMID- 3889877
TI  - A case of platelet transfusion-related Serratia marcescens sepsis.

PMID- 3889878
TI  - Group B streptococcus causing a shunt infection in an older child.

PMID- 3889879
TI  - A quick strep test.

PMID- 3889880
TI  - Pediatric surgical infection and antibiotic usage.
AB  - Surgical infection is unique in that it usually requires operative intervention
      in conjunction with antibiotic therapy for satisfactory resolution. Prevention of
      infection is therefore of primary concern to the surgeon, and the majority of
      antibiotic use is prophylactic. Effective prophylaxis must be based on specific
      guidelines for patient selection and an awareness of the commonly encountered
      pathogens. Postoperative wound infection represents the most common surgical
      infection, and the clinical characteristics frequently suggest the causative
      bacteria. The majority of these cases respond to local wound therapy alone.
      Peritonitis and intraabdominal abscess are the most significant surgical
      infections and are almost invariably the result of intestinal contamination.
      Therapy must consist sequentially of resuscitation, effective antimicrobial
      coverage of Escherichia coli, enterococcus and Bacteroides fragiles and operative
      intervention.

PMID- 3889881
TI  - [Physiological basis of the action of surface electrostimulation in the treatment
      of various vascular diseases].

PMID- 3889882
TI  - [Pathogenesis and various clinical problems of cardiomyopathy in diabetes
      mellitus].

PMID- 3889883
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of cholelithiasis].

PMID- 3889884
TI  - [Value of ultrasonics in the diagnosis of cholelithiasis].

PMID- 3889885
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of ornidazole in lambliasis].

PMID- 3889886
TI  - [Genetic and immunological aspects of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3889887
TI  - [A method of diagnostic peritoneal lavage].

PMID- 3889888
TI  - [Mapping of the human genome by gene dosage method].

PMID- 3889889
TI  - What's new in in vitro studies of exocrine pancreatic cell injury?
AB  - Exocrine pancreas in vitro models are useful for the study of pancreatic
      differentiation, secretion mechanisms, cell injury, and lysosomal processing of
      secretory product. Syrian hamster pancreas in explant organ culture undergoes a
      series of morphologic changes which parallel in vitro acinar cell injury,
      differentiation, and phenotypic alteration. Within 48 hours, the cultured acinar
      cells show morphologic evidence of sublethal cell injury. Autophagy and
      crinophagy are particularly striking. The autophagic processes can be inhibited
      by the addition of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide or by culture at
      lowered temperatures (20 degrees C). Acinar cells lethally damaged show pyknotic
      nuclei, high amplitude swelling, and necrosis. Approximately 25% of each explant
      is viable after 72 hr in culture and the viability remains constant at 25-35% for
      up to 60 days of culture. The morphological changes of the explants are
      consistent with many of the features of pancreatitis and carcinoma of the
      exocrine pancreas. There is an increase in the ductal elements and a decrease in
      acini over time in culture. This may be due to: (a) an increased replication of
      ductal epithelial cells concomitant with necrosis of acinar epithelial cells
      and/or (b) phenotypic alteration of acinar cells to ductal cells. Acinar cell
      necrosis and phenotypic alterations may in part be due to the activation of
      lysosomal degradation pathways. Processes which inhibit lysosomal activation
      proved protective against these alterations, while processes which promote
      zymogen activation were deleterious.

PMID- 3889890
TI  - More on heterophil antibody tests.

PMID- 3889891
TI  - Evaluation of anemia. Getting the most out of the MCV, RDW, and other tests.

PMID- 3889892
TI  - Management of type II diabetes mellitus. Achieving optimum metabolic control.
AB  - Exciting information is rapidly accruing about diabetes and suggests that
      maintenance of good metabolic control may prevent onset or delay progression of
      diabetic complications. Patients, as well as their families and health care
      providers, should be encouraged by the knowledge that tools are available for
      successful management of type II diabetes. Treatment consists of a diet-exercise
      sulfonylurea regimen and, in a substantial number of patients, administration of
      insulin. Proper assessment of these modalities is essential if optimum metabolic
      control is to be achieved.

PMID- 3889893
TI  - Regulation of protein degradation in chick muscle by several hormones and
      metabolites.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to examine the effect of various regulatory agents on
      the rate of protein degradation in chick extensor digiti communis (EDC), and
      ulnaris lateralis (UL) muscles in vitro. Muscles were incubated in an oxygenated
      Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer. Rates of protein degradation were calculated
      from the rate at which tyrosine was released from protein. Protein synthesis was
      blocked with cycloheximide to prevent reutilization of tyrosine. Insulin (bovine)
      decreased protein degradation in the EDC and UL muscles by 11.3 and 10.5%,
      respectively, when glucose was present in the incubation medium and by 11.0 and
      10.3% when glucose was omitted. This suggested the action of insulin on protein
      degradation was not secondary to effects on glucose transport. Glucose alone
      decreased protein degradation by 17.3 and 14.8% in EDC and UL, respectively.
      Glucagon (bovine), cortisol, corticosterone, and dexamethasone did not have
      significant effects on the rate of protein degradation in either muscle. Branched
      chain amino acids (BCAA) decreased the rate of protein degradation by 21.6% in
      the presence of insulin but did not significantly change the rate when insulin
      was omitted. These results demonstrate that chicken muscle, like that of rats,
      responds to insulin, glucose, and BCAA by decreasing protein degradative rates.
      The rates of protein degradation in three muscles, EDC, UL, and extensor
      digitorum longus (EDL), were compared utilizing a medium containing insulin,
      glucose, and BCAA to minimize protein degradation. All three muscles released
      tyrosine at a linear rate for 2.25 hr of incubation. The rate of protein
      degradation in the slowest growing EDC muscle was significantly greater than that
      in the UL, whereas the fastest growing EDL had the slowest rate of protein
      degradation.

PMID- 3889894
TI  - Energy metabolism in audiogenically seizure-prone chicks.
AB  - Female chicks carrying the lethal, sex-linked recessive paroxysmal (px) gene are
      susceptible to spontaneous and audiogenic seizures. Because seizure activity does
      not begin until 1 to 2 weeks posthatching - coincidental with disappearance of
      the yolk-sac - it is postulated that a contributing factor to seizure activity
      may be a developmental failure of the chick's ability to switch from lipid to
      carbohydrate as a primary energy source. In testing this hypothesis, three
      experiments were performed: 1) to evaluate cerebral energy reserves - adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine - of px and normal chicks; 2) to determine
      effects of energy source (ethanol, glucose, insulin, and glucose-insulin
      combined) on audiogenically-induced seizure activity and electrical seizure
      threshold; 3) to evaluate energy source utilization as estimated by the
      respiratory quotient (RQ). Brain ATP and phosphocreatine levels in px chicks were
      both decreased (P less than .05) as early as 10 days posthatching. Ethanol
      increased electrical seizure threshold in 50% of px chicks and provided
      protection from audiogenic stimulation. No consistent effect was found with any
      of the other substances. The RQ of px chicks were lower (P less than .05) than
      those of controls by 18 days posthatching.

PMID- 3889895
TI  - Comparison of the major histocompatibility antigen on Marek's disease-derived
      cell lines detected by membrane fluorescent antibody, cytotoxicity, and
      lymphoagglutination tests.
AB  - The reactivity of 13 antisera specific for the major histocompatibility antigen
      (MHA) of the B complex against cells in 6 cell lines (MDCC-JP1, JP2, HP1, HP2,
      RP1, and MSB1), derived from Marek's disease (MD) lymphoma, was compared by using
      membrane fluorescent antibody, cytotoxicity, and lymphoagglutination tests. The
      membrane fluorescent antibody test was found to be the most sensitive method for
      detecting the MHA of the B complex on the MD cell lines. After absorption of
      these antisera with the homologous erythrocytes, the reactivities of the absorbed
      sera to the homologous erythrocytes and the MD line cells were reduced or lost
      altogether. However, after absorbing the antisera reactive for MD cell lines with
      the respective cell line, the reactivities of the absorbed sera to the line cells
      were not detected at all when examined by the above tests. However, the
      reactivities of these absorbed sera to the homologous erythrocytes could still be
      observed when examined by a hemagglutination test. These results indicate that
      the antisera contain at least two kinds of antibody (against Class I and Class IV
      antigens), and the three different tests used here are detecting the Class I
      antigens of MHA on the MD line cells.

PMID- 3889896
TI  - Food and water intake of broiler chicks as affected by intracerebroventricular
      injections of cholinomimetics.
AB  - The effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of the cholinomimetics,
      acetylcholine, methacholine, and carbachol on food and water intake in free
      feeding broiler chicks were investigated. At 4 weeks of age, a 23-gauge, thin
      walled stainless steel guide cannula was implanted stereotaxically into the right
      lateral ventricle of each bird. Following a minimum of 3 days to recover, the
      birds were injected with the various drugs. Acetylcholine and methacholine had no
      significant effect on food intake whereas carbachol significantly decreased food
      intake. Methacholine significantly increased water intake while acetylcholine and
      carbachol had no significant effect. These results suggest that cholinergic
      pathways within the central nervous system may be involved in the control of food
      and water intake in the domestic fowl.

PMID- 3889897
TI  - [Osteo-cartilaginous autoplasty of femur head defects].

PMID- 3889898
TI  - Studies of populations at high risk for alcoholism.
AB  - The evidence supporting genetic factors in alcoholism comes from family studies
      (an alcoholic biological parent is seen in 31 per cent of alcoholics), twin
      studies (MZ concordance 55 per cent and 28 per cent for DZ twins), and adoption
      studies (alcoholism 44 per cent higher in adopted out offspring of alcoholics
      than controls). Once the presence or absence of a biological alcoholic parent is
      controlled for, rearing experiences and parental loss do not increase the risk
      for alcoholism. This conclusion justifies the search for genetic factors which
      might mediate the increased risk, particularly in groups identified as being at
      high risk for the development of alcoholism. The methodological assets and
      liabilities of the 'high risk' approach are reviewed, with reference to a
      detailed discussion of existing longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of high
      risk populations. There is little convincing evidence that measurable personality
      attributes or differences in rate of ethanol breakdown contribute to alcoholism
      vulnerability, although high risk groups may have a unique EEG pattern in
      childhood, and in early adulthood decreased intensity of ethanol response, and
      increased acetaldehyde may be important.

PMID- 3889899
TI  - Behavior therapy and the anxiety disorders: some conceptual and methodological
      issues.
AB  - Some of the methodological and conceptual issues relevant to behavior therapy
      treatment outcome studies for anxiety disorders are presented. The practice among
      behavioral researchers of measuring anxiety from 3 response systems (verbal,
      physiological and motoric-behavioral) is discussed. It is emphasized that many of
      the popular methods used to assess the 3 response systems have unknown or poor
      reliability or validity. From the point of view of treatment variables, it is
      noted that many behavioral treatment procedures are not reported in sufficient
      detail to allow replication or comparisons to be made across studies. In
      addition, it is argued that in order to improve the existing treatment
      procedures, it will be necessary for each study to assess the subjects' adherence
      to the treatment regimen, as well as their proficiency with any skills required
      to carry out the treatment plan. Finally, the importance of 'placebo' control
      groups is discussed in the context of identifying the specific factors in
      behavioral treatments which are responsible for change in the targeted symptoms.
      It is concluded that behavior therapy holds promise as an effective treatment for
      the anxiety disorders.

PMID- 3889900
TI  - Risk factors for depression in adolescence.
AB  - Public health concern regarding depression has recently increased as a result of
      the rise in the rate of adolescent suicide, with a probable concomitant rise in
      the rate of depression in this age group. The rise appears to be both a period
      effect, in that increased rates are now observed across age categories, and a
      cohort effect, in that being born after 1960 also contributes to the increase.
      The clinical phenomena and epidemiology of depression in adolescence are
      reviewed. Diagnostic criteria for depressive mood and depressive syndrome are
      similar to those in adults. However, the predictive value of a depressive episode
      in adolescence, and whether the occurrence of depression in adolescence is a
      transient developmental experience or whether it predicts a particular subtype of
      future depression, are at present unknown. The familial, social and personal risk
      factors for adolescent depression are reviewed, The major factors are: parental
      history of affective illness, childhood experience of parental loss, and female
      gender. Other factors, such as birth order and sibling factors, socio-economic
      status, race, religion, geography, concomitant medical illness, intelligence,
      career aspirations, substance abuse and life events, are reviewed, although their
      relative contributions as risk factors are less clear-cut. It is proposed that
      cross-sectional, retrospective and longitudinal studies are required to clarify
      important areas of uncertainty.

PMID- 3889901
TI  - Assessment of the state of removable dentures worn by 58 year old men in Kuopio.

PMID- 3889902
TI  - Rapid "footprinting" on supercoiled DNA.
AB  - A DNase protection technique is described and applied to the interaction of three
      lac control proteins with supercoiled lac DNA. The technique uses end-labeled
      oligonucleotide primers to probe specific DNA regions as an alternative to
      protocols requiring restriction endonuclease cleavage or blotting. Thus DNA may
      be probed with high resolution in its native state. It is demonstrated that the
      introduction of supercoiling into DNA accelerates the rate of lac ps promoter
      binding by RNA polymerase but does not alter the positions at which polymerase, c
      AMP-binding protein, or lac repressor bind to lac DNA.

PMID- 3889903
TI  - Amino acid sequence of a variant pro-form of insulin-like growth factor II.
AB  - Human serum contains, in addition to the "classical" 7.5-kDa insulin-like growth
      factors (IGFs) I and II, small amounts of larger IGF-II. A 10-kDa IGF-II was
      isolated by gel filtration, immunoaffinity chromatography, and reversed-phase
      HPLC. Upon amino acid sequence determination, a substitution of Cys-Gly-Asp for
      Ser-33 was found as well as a COOH-terminal extension of 21 residues (E peptide).
      These sequence differences suggest that 10-kDa IGF-II is a precursor of a variant
      IGF-II. Since the substitution is not located at a known intron/exon hinge
      region, the finding of this variant IGF-II is evidence for the presence of more
      than one gene for IGF-II.

PMID- 3889904
TI  - Preferential orientation of centrioles toward the heart in endothelial cells of
      major blood vessels is reestablished after reversal of a segment.
AB  - The distribution of centrioles was examined in porcine and rabbit vascular
      endothelial cells fixed in situ and prepared en face for immunofluorescent
      staining with rabbit sera that specifically stain these organelles. In
      endothelial cells lining the major blood vessels of the pig, the centrioles are
      preferentially located on the heart side of the nucleus regardless of the
      direction of blood flow. A similar distribution is seen in the inferior vena cava
      of the rabbit but not in the rabbit aorta. In the major vessels of the pig and in
      the rabbit inferior vena cava, 60%-80% of the endothelial cells have their
      centrioles located on the side of the nucleus toward the heart, 10%-20% have them
      on the side away from the heart, and 7%-15% have them in a central position along
      the side of the nucleus. To determine whether this preferential orientation is
      reestablished, microvascular surgical techniques were used to reverse a 3-cm
      segment of the inferior vena cava between the left renal vein and the common
      iliac veins of the rabbit. Within 1 week of the reversal, some of the centrioles
      had migrated from the end away from the heart to a more central position. During
      the following weeks, an increasing number of endothelial cells had their
      centrioles located on the heart side of the nucleus; after 12 weeks, values
      similar to those in the nonreversed inferior vena cava were reached in the
      reversed segment. The demonstration that the preferential orientation of
      centrioles on the heart side of the nucleus is reestablished after reversal of a
      segment suggests that the observed polarity is important for normal functioning
      of vascular endothelium.

PMID- 3889905
TI  - A defective phage system reveals bacteriophage T4 replication origins that
      coincide with recombination hot spots.
AB  - Plasmid transduction mediated by bacteriophage T4 has been used to study putative
      T4 DNA replication origins cloned as inserts in the Escherichia coli plasmid
      pBR322. Two particular inserts from the T4 genome allow high-frequency plasmid
      transduction, suggesting that each insert might contain a T4 replication origin.
      T4 infection of these plasmid-containing cells produces large numbers of
      defective phage particles that contain long linear concatamers of the plasmid
      DNA. During a second cycle of infection, these defective phage genomes can be
      replicated better than normal phage chromosomes present in the same infected
      cell; consequently, the T4 DNA inserts must be functioning as replication
      origins. Both of these origins appear to utilize a previously unrecognized mode
      of T4 replication initiation. Moreover, each origin coincides with a major
      recombination hot spot in the phage genome, and therefore this mode of
      replication initiation seems to involve a local stimulation of homologous genetic
      recombination. From a purely practical standpoint, additional DNA fragments can
      be cloned in an origin-containing plasmid, allowing isolation of large amounts of
      any DNA sequence with the glucosylated hydroxymethylcytosine modifications of T4
      DNA.

PMID- 3889906
TI  - High-frequency meiotic gene conversion between repeated genes on nonhomologous
      chromosomes in yeast.
AB  - We have used a genetic system that allows detection of meiotic recombination
      events between repeated sequences on nonhomologous chromosomes in the yeast
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have found that recombination between these
      sequences occurs at a frequency of about 0.5%, and the events observed were
      nonreciprocal (gene conversions). Surprisingly, the frequency of conversion
      between the repeated genes on nonhomologous chromosomes observed in this study is
      similar to that observed between allelic genes. This result is discussed in
      connection with the role of the synaptonemal complex in meiotic recombination and
      with the relationship between reciprocal and nonreciprocal recombination.

PMID- 3889907
TI  - A high-efficiency cloning system for single hapten-specific B lymphocytes that is
      suitable for assay of putative growth and differentiation factors.
AB  - Fluorescein (FLU)-specific murine splenic B lymphocytes from nonimmunized adult
      mice were prepared by the hapten-gelatin fractionation technique and cultured
      singly or in very small numbers in 10-microliters culture wells. Growth and
      differentiation to antibody-secreting status were promoted by polymeric FLU
      conjugated antigens with or without added T-lymphocyte-derived conditioned media
      or purified cytokines. In some cultures, 3T3 fibroblasts or CBA/N thymocytes
      provided a source of filler cells. Anti-FLU antibody formation was detected by a
      sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). With an optimal number
      (around 300) of 3T3 cells per well, up to 77% of the B cells could be induced to
      produce detectable antibody. The ELISA permitted detection of antibody formation
      in essentially all wells where B-cell proliferation occurred, and it was more
      efficient in detecting antibody-forming clones than the hemolytic plaque assay,
      whether filler cells were present or not. When 10 B cells rather than 1 were
      included per well, the ELISA, detecting absorbance in standard fashion, provided
      a useful method for assessment of B-cell growth- and differentiation-promoting
      factors (BGDF). It was found that 3T3 cells gave less background stimulation than
      thymus cells, permitting the detection of as little as 1/100th as much BGDF as
      with thymocytes, thus offering a dynamic range of up to 30 between control
      absorbance in the absence of factors and the optimal factor level. Use of 3T3
      cells also avoids a potential lymphokine cascade. The system has confirmed that
      interleukin-2 acts as a BGDF, but it has failed to establish an effect of
      interferon-gamma on B cells. It has also shown the inactivity of a variety of
      hemopoietic growth factors on B lymphocytes. This system thus promises to be a
      useful tool in the further analysis of B-lymphocyte activation.

PMID- 3889909
TI  - Characterization of rate-controlling steps in vivo by use of an adjustable
      expression vector.
AB  - Citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7) was varied from 10% to 5000% the level found in
      wild-type Escherichia coli by means of recombinant DNA techniques. When acetate
      was the sole carbon source, cell growth and carbon flow through the Krebs cycle
      were greatly affected by the under-production of citrate synthase. In contrast,
      when glucose was the main nutrient, the same underproduction of citrate synthase
      had little effect on either growth or carbon flux. When the enzyme was
      overproduced 50-fold, cultures would grow on glucose but cell division could be
      abruptly stopped by adding acetate to the medium. These results indicate that the
      regulatory properties of citrate synthase are highly dependent on the carbon
      source composition of the medium. Furthermore, recombinant DNA technology can be
      used to alter rate-controlling steps in biological pathways and elucidate the
      regulatory properties of metabolic systems.

PMID- 3889908
TI  - Chemical synthesis of a gene encoding the human complement fragment C5a and its
      expression in Escherichia coli.
AB  - A gene coding for the C5a fragment of the fifth component of human complement has
      been chemically synthesized, cloned, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The 253
      base-pair gene fragment was built through a two-step enzymic assembly of 16
      oligonucleotides, the average length of each being 32 residues. The
      oligonucleotides were synthesized by using the phosphoramidite method. The gene
      was cloned in a pBR322-derivative plasmid downstream from the lac up-promoter
      mutant, UV5-D. The expression of C5a was detected and measured by immunoassay and
      a radioligand binding assay. C5a from E. coli was comparable to C5a purified from
      human serum in inhibiting binding of human 125I-labeled C5a to its putative
      receptor on polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Studies of smooth muscle contraction in
      isolated guinea pig ileum showed that the recombinant C5a was biologically active
      and produced cross-tachyphylaxis with human serum-derived C5a. The results
      demonstrate the feasibility of expressing C5a anaphylatoxin in bacteria and
      provide a system for mutagenesis of the C5a protein.

PMID- 3889910
TI  - Bacterial peptide chain release factors: conserved primary structure and possible
      frameshift regulation of release factor 2.
AB  - Escherichia coli peptide chain release factors are proteins that direct the
      termination of translation in response to specific peptide chain termination
      codons. The mechanisms of codon recognition and peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis are
      unknown. We have characterized the genes encoding release factor 1 (RF-1) and
      release factor 2 (RF-2) to study the structure-function relationships of the
      proteins and their regulation in the bacterium. In this report, we present the
      gene structure of RF-1 and RF-2, and a partial peptide sequence of RF-2. RF-1 and
      RF-2 are highly homologous in their primary structure. In addition, an in-frame
      premature opal (UGA) termination codon is located within the RF-2 coding region
      at amino acid position 26. This region of the protein was sequenced by automated
      Edman degradation to confirm the predicted reading frame, and a second
      independent isolate of the RF-2 gene was identified and sequenced to confirm the
      DNA sequence. These results imply that a frameshift occurs prior to the premature
      termination codon, thus allowing for translation of RF-2 to be completed. This
      may represent a mechanism of translational control of RF-2 expression. An
      alternative possible means of translational regulation is discussed.

PMID- 3889911
TI  - Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in rat diaphragm during postnatal development:
      lack of correlation with the number of insulin receptors and of intracellular
      glucose transporters.
AB  - The insulin responsiveness of the membrane transport system for glucose (2-deoxy
      D-glucose) in diaphragm was measured during postnatal development of the rat. At
      birth, the basal rate of 2-deoxy-D-glucose transport is 3 nmol/min X g and it
      gradually decreases to 1 nmol/min X g over a period of 40 days. On the other
      hand, the insulin-stimulated rate of transport is 6 nmol/min X g at birth, it
      increases to 9 nmol/min X g in 16- to 20-day-old rats, and it decreases again to
      approximately 4 nmol/min X g in the 40-day-old rats. The stimulation of 2-deoxy-D
      glucose transport by insulin is 2-fold at birth and increases to 4- to 5-fold 20
      days after birth. The number of insulin receptors in the plasma membrane and the
      number of intracellular glucose transporters was also measured as a function of
      age to determine if there might be a correlation between these components of the
      insulin responsive system and the development of the increased insulin
      stimulation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose transport. The number of insulin receptors per g
      of wet weight decreased continuously with increasing age; the diaphragm of 40-day
      old rats had about 50% of the receptors present in the diaphragm of the newborn
      rat. Similarly, the number of intracellular D-glucose transporters per g of wet
      weight decreased with increasing age; for adult rats, the number of transporters
      per g of diaphragm was 60% of that of newborn rats. The results indicate that the
      extent of insulin stimulation of glucose (2-deoxy-D-glucose) transport in the
      diaphragm during the first 20 days of life is not directly or simply related to
      the number of insulin receptors or the number of intracellular glucose
      transporters. The extent of the insulin response depends on some other factor
      that activates or is part of the machinery for translocation of the transporter.

PMID- 3889912
TI  - Isolation of recombinant cDNAs encoding chicken erythroid delta-aminolevulinate
      synthase.
AB  - We report the isolation of cDNA clones encoding delta-aminolevulinate synthase
      (ALA synthase; EC 2.3.1.37), the first enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway in
      animal cells. The gene was isolated from a chicken erythroid cDNA library
      prepared in the bacteriophage lambda fusion/expression vector gt11, using rabbit
      antibody raised against the relatively abundant chicken liver enzyme. The chicken
      liver and red cell ALA synthase isozymes share substantial crossreactivity to the
      antibody, thereby allowing isolation of the erythroid-specific gene by using the
      heterologous antibody in immune screening of the red cell cDNA library.
      Preliminary analysis documenting the tissue specificity of transcription
      indicates that the enzyme is encoded by a highly homologous set of messages,
      which appear to differ in size in various avian tissues. From analysis using
      strand-specific RNA probes, it appears that the different ALA synthase mRNAs
      detected may be transcribed from a family of genes that are closely related in
      nucleotide sequence and are each regulated in a developmentally specific manner.

PMID- 3889913
TI  - An electrophoretic karyotype for yeast.
AB  - The chromosomal DNA molecules of a standard laboratory strain of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae have been separated into 12 well-resolved bands by orthogonal-field
      alternation gel electrophoresis. DNA X DNA hybridization probes derived from
      cloned genes have been used to correlate this banding pattern with yeast's
      genetically defined chromosomes. The 12 bands are shown to represent 9 singlets
      and 3 comigrating doublets, thereby accounting for 15 chromosomes that were
      identified as I-XI and XIII-XVI. Because the three comigrating doublets could be
      readily resolved in certain laboratory yeast strains that contain chromosome
      length polymorphisms relative to our standard strain, all 15 of these chromosomes
      could be displayed as a single band in at least one of four strains that were
      studied. A 16th chromosome (number XII), which is known to contain the genes for
      rRNA, does not reproducibly enter the gels. By making use of the band
      identifications, the previously unmapped fragment F8 was assigned to chromosome
      XIII. With the possible exception of chromosomes that differ greatly in size or
      electrophoretic behavior from all the known chromosomes, the results appear to
      define a complete "electrophoretic karyotype" for yeast.

PMID- 3889914
TI  - Deletion of the terminus region (340 kilobase pairs of DNA) from the chromosome
      of Escherichia coli.
AB  - A strain of Escherichia coli with a 7-minute (340 kilobase pairs of DNA) deletion
      of the terminus region of the chromosome was isolated. This deletion was probably
      an IS10-promoted event and its extent was characterized by both genetic and DNA
      hybridization analyses. The most dramatic property of strains harboring this
      deletion was the absence of the sites that inhibit clockwise- and
      counterclockwise-traveling replication forks. These strains also grew slowly,
      produced many nonviable cells, were filamentous, and appeared to have an induced
      SOS system.

PMID- 3889915
TI  - RAS2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for gluconeogenic growth and proper
      response to nutrient limitation.
AB  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two genes with remarkable homology to members
      of the ras oncogene family. These two genes, RAS1 and RAS2, constitute an
      essential gene family since spores with disruptions of both genes fail to grow.
      We report here that strains containing RAS2 disruptions have three distinct
      phenotypes. First, they fail to grow efficiently on nonfermentable carbon
      sources. Second, they hyperaccumulate the storage carbohydrates glycogen and
      trehalose. Third, diploid cells homozygous for the RAS2 disruptions sporulate on
      rich media. Extragenic suppressors have been isolated that suppress the
      gluconeogenic defect. These suppressors fall into at least three complementation
      groups, mutations in two of which bypass the normal requirement of RAS for cell
      viability, allowing cells containing neither RAS gene to grow. The phenotype of
      the RAS2 mutant and extragenic suppressors implicate RAS with some function in
      the normal response to nutrient limitation.

PMID- 3889916
TI  - Use of monoclonal antibodies to a human cytotoxin for its isolation and for
      examining the self-induction of resistance to this protein.
AB  - Crude preparations of cytotoxins (CTXs) produced by human peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells exert a marked cytotoxic effect when applied to cells in the
      presence of cycloheximide but in its absence can induce resistance to
      cytotoxicity. To examine the relationship between these cytotoxic and protective
      activities, we attempted to fully dissociate the CTX from the other proteins
      secreted by mononuclear cells. Mice injected with preparations of the cytokines
      secreted by peripheral blood mononuclear cells developed significant titers of
      serum antibodies to CTX(s). Splenocytes of such immunized mice were fused with
      NSO myeloma cells; a few among the resulting hybridoma cells secreted CTX-binding
      antibodies. Immunoadsorbents constructed with a monoclonal antibody produced by
      one of these hybridomas were used to purify to homogeneity a CTX (Mr
      approximately 17,500) from crude preparations of cytokines, by a single
      adsorption and elution cycle. Purified CTX was cytotoxic in the presence of
      cycloheximide but in its absence induced resistance to cytotoxicity; this
      resistance was manifested by decreased vulnerability to CTX in a subsequent
      incubation in the presence of cycloheximide. We conclude that CTX itself can
      induce certain changes in cells, which are reflected in resistance to its own
      cytotoxic effect.

PMID- 3889917
TI  - Membrane knobs are required for the microcirculatory obstruction induced by
      Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes.
AB  - We have studied the pathophysiology of the vascular obstruction induced by
      Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes with the use of an ex vivo
      microcirculatory preparation perfused with red cells infected with knobless and
      knobby clones of the FCR-3 strain. We find that parasitized erythrocyte membrane
      knobs are indispensable for the generation of the circulatory obstruction.
      Uninfected erythrocytes incubated in culture and erythrocytes infected with early
      or late forms of the knobless clones or the early forms of the knobby clone all
      failed to obstruct the microcirculation, although exhibiting various effects on
      bulk viscosity and peripheral resistance during flow. In contrast, late forms of
      the knobby clone produced significantly higher peripheral resistance during flow
      and significant obstruction as detected by changes in time of pressure flow
      recovery as well as by direct videorecorded microscopic observation. Optical and
      electron microscopy showed that the adherence of parasitized cells to the
      endothelium was limited to the venules and involved the knobs in junctions. In
      addition, we were able to follow the sequence of events during obstruction:
      initial red-cell adherence to the venular endothelium (sometimes only transitory)
      followed by progressive recruitment at the venule surface, finally leading to
      total obstruction that involved parasitized and nonparasitized erythrocytes.
      Sometimes, retrograde aggregation would extend the obstruction to the capillaries
      or even precapillary arterioles. These results show that knobs are necessary and
      sufficient to produce vascular obstruction and that other factors (spleen,
      immunological, etc.) can only have a modulating role. These results also exclude
      the possibility that the exclusive adherence to venules is the consequence of
      "plasma factors" found in the malaric patients.

PMID- 3889918
TI  - Paired helical filaments from Alzheimer disease patients contain cytoskeletal
      components.
AB  - Neurofibrillary tangles from Alzheimer disease patients share antigenic
      determinants with neurofilaments and microtubule-associated proteins, as shown by
      light microscopy immunocytology. The present study addresses the issue of whether
      these determinants are located on the paired helical filaments or on other
      components of the neurofibrillary tangle. Sections from postmortem brains from
      Alzheimer disease patients were stained by using Bodian's silver method or
      immunostained by using poly- and monoclonal antibodies to neurofilaments and
      polyclonal antibodies to microtubules. Bodian's silver stain has an intense
      affinity for neurofibrillary tangles and has been shown to bind to specific
      domains of neurofilament subunits. The antibodies to neurofilaments used here
      immunostain most or all of the neurofibrillary tangles present in the sections
      whereas the antiserum to microtubule protein immunoreacted with about half of the
      neurofibrillary tangles. All of the antibodies as well as Bodian's silver stain
      reacted with the paired helical filaments. The epitopes that we have shown to be
      present in the paired helical filament, in contrast to the corresponding epitopes
      present in normal neuronal cytoskeleton, are insoluble in ionic detergent. It is
      concluded that these epitopes are integral components of the paired helical
      filaments and that, at least in part, paired helical filaments are derived from
      altered elements of the normal neuronal cytoskeleton.

PMID- 3889919
TI  - Isolation and nucleotide sequencing of lactose carrier mutants that transport
      maltose.
AB  - The wild-type lactose carrier of Escherichia coli has a poor ability to transport
      the disaccharide maltose. However, it is possible to select lactose carrier
      mutants that have an enhanced ability to transport maltose by growing E. coli
      cells on maltose minimal plates in the presence of isopropyl thiogalactoside (an
      inducer of the lac operon). We have utilized this approach to isolate 18
      independent lactose permease mutants that transport maltose. The relevant DNA
      sequences have been determined, and all of the mutations were found to be single
      base pair changes either at triplet 177 or at triplet 236. The nucleotide changes
      replace alanine-177 with valine or threonine, or tyrosine-236 with phenylalanine,
      asparagine, serine, or histidine. Transport experiments indicate that all of the
      mutants have faster maltose transport compared with the wild-type strain.
      Position 177 mutants retain the ability to transport galactosides, such as
      lactose and melibiose, at rates similar to the rate of the wild-type strain. In
      contrast, the position 236 mutants are markedly defective in the ability to
      transport galactosides. With regard to secondary structure, alanine-177 and
      tyrosine-236 are located on adjacent hydrophobic segments of the lactose carrier
      that are predicted to span the membrane. Thus, the results of this study indicate
      that the substrate recognition site of the lactose carrier is located within the
      plane of the lipid bilayer. In addition, a tertiary structure model is proposed
      that suggests how certain transmembrane segments might be localized relative to
      one another.

PMID- 3889920
TI  - Human seminal alpha inhibins: isolation, characterization, and structure.
AB  - Two additional peptides with inhibin-like activity have been isolated from human
      seminal plasma. One consists of 52 amino acids and the other, 92 amino acids.
      They are designated alpha-inhibin-52 and alpha-inhibin-92. Sequence analyses show
      that the NH2-terminal 31 amino acids of alpha-inhibin-52 are identical to the
      structure of the inhibin-like peptide previously reported [ILP-(1-31), now
      designated alpha-inhibin-31], and the COOH-terminal 52 amino acids of alpha
      inhibin-92 are identical to the structure of alpha-inhibin-52. The amino acid
      sequence of alpha-inhibin-92 is: (sequence in text) Bioassay data in mouse
      pituitaries in vitro show that alpha-inhibin-52 is 3.4 times more active and
      alpha-inhibin-92 is greater than 40 times more active than alpha-inhibin-31 in
      suppressing follitropin-release. Radioimmunoassay data indicate that alpha
      inhibin-52 and alpha-inhibin-92 have only 60% immunoreactivity.

PMID- 3889921
TI  - Protein kinase activity associated with the product of the yeast cell division
      cycle gene CDC28.
AB  - Antibodies raised against the protein encoded by a lacZ-CDC28 in-frame fusion
      were shown to immunoprecipitate the CDC28 product from yeast cell lysates. The
      polypeptide p36CDC28 is a phosphoprotein of apparent Mr 36,000. Immune complexes
      prepared from yeast cell lysates by using anti-CDC28 antibody were found to
      possess a protein kinase activity, as determined by the transfer of label from
      [gamma-32P]ATP to a coprecipitated Mr 40,000 protein of unknown identity or
      function (p40). This activity was absent or thermolabile when extracts were
      prepared from several different cdc28 temperature-sensitive strains. The protein
      kinase activity was dependent on Zn2+ and transferred phosphate specifically to
      serine and threonine residues.

PMID- 3889922
TI  - Microtubule configurations during fertilization, mitosis, and early development
      in the mouse and the requirement for egg microtubule-mediated motility during
      mammalian fertilization.
AB  - Microtubules forming within the mouse egg during fertilization are required for
      the movements leading to the union of the sperm and egg nuclei (male and female
      pronuclei, respectively). In the unfertilized oocyte, microtubules are
      predominantly found in the arrested meiotic spindle. At the time for sperm
      incorporation, a dozen cytoplasmic asters assemble, often associated with the
      pronuclei. As the pronuclei move to the egg center, these asters enlarge into a
      dense array. At the end of first interphase, the dense array disassembles and is
      replaced by sheaths of microtubules surrounding the adjacent pronuclei. Syngamy
      (pronuclear fusion) is not observed; rather the adjacent paternal and maternal
      chromosome sets first meet at metaphase. The mitotic apparatus emerges from these
      perinuclear microtubules and is barrel-shaped and anastral, reminiscent of plant
      cell spindles; the sperm centriole does not nucleate mitotic microtubules. After
      cleavage, monasters extend from each blastomere nucleus. The second division
      mitotic spindles also have broad poles, though by third and later divisions the
      spindles are typical for higher animals, with narrow mitotic poles and fusiform
      shapes. Colcemid, griseofulvin, and nocodazole inhibit the microtubule formation
      and prevent the movements leading to pronuclear union; the meiotic spindle is
      disassembled, and the maternal chromosomes are scattered throughout the oocyte
      cortex. These results indicate that microtubules forming within fertilized mouse
      oocytes are required for the union of the sperm and egg nuclei and raise
      questions about the paternal inheritance of centrioles in mammals.

PMID- 3889923
TI  - Mutagenic repair in Escherichia coli: products of the recA gene and of the umuD
      and umuC genes act at different steps in UV-induced mutagenesis.
AB  - When excision-deficient Escherichia coli carrying umuC or umuD alleles were
      exposed to visible light several hours after ultraviolet irradiation, base-pair
      substitution mutations were induced in these normally non-UV-mutable bacteria. It
      is argued that delayed photoreversal of pyrimidine dimers removes blocks to DNA
      replication and allows the "survival" and expression of misincorporated bases. A
      model for UV mutagenesis is proposed with two steps: (i) misincorporation
      opposite a photoproduct, which can be mediated directly by RecA protein, and (ii)
      bypass, only the latter process requiring umuD+ and umuC+ alleles. Basal levels
      of gene products are sufficient for at least some misincorporation events,
      although induced levels of umuD and umuC gene products are necessary for the
      bypass step. umuC bacteria containing the recA441 allele showed a greater yield
      of mutants, and those containing recA430 a reduced yield, following delayed
      photoreversal. The lexA51 allele (which results in constitutive derepression of
      RecA protein production) did not significantly alter the yield of mutants but
      caused them to appear marginally sooner in a recA441 umuC strain. These results
      emphasize that the nature of the RecA protein and not its concentration is
      paramount in determining the level of misincorporation. Experiments with recA441
      umuC bacteria at 43 degrees C and 30 degrees C suggest that the misincorporation
      effect is unlikely to be attributable to cleavage of a DNA binding protein such
      as a repressor or a component of the polymerase complex. Moreover,
      misincorporation seems to occur without the need for induced synthesis of any
      other protein under recA control.

PMID- 3889924
TI  - Two-codon insertion mutagenesis of plasmid genes by using single-stranded
      hexameric oligonucleotides.
AB  - An efficient method for introducing two codons into a cloned gene has been
      applied to studying functional regions of the pBR322-encoded tetracycline
      resistance gene and beta-lactamase (ampicillin-resistance) gene. Single-stranded
      hexameric linkers are inserted into a preexisting cohesive end restriction site
      to create a new (six-base recognition) restriction site. Insertion mutations are
      enriched by using biochemical selection or are selected by using a kanamycin
      resistance cassette (biological selection). Phenotypes of insertion mutations
      isolated in the tetracycline-resistance gene support the hypothesis that it is
      comprised of two domains connected by a central hinge. Mutations in the beta
      lactamase gene are temperature sensitive and demonstrate altered sensitivity to
      various beta-lactams and inhibitors.

PMID- 3889925
TI  - Three-dimensional structure of beta 2-microglobulin.
AB  - The three-dimensional structure of beta 2-microglobulin, the light chain of the
      major histocompatibility complex class I antigens, has been determined by x-ray
      crystallography. An electron density map of the bovine protein was calculated at
      a nominal resolution of 2.9 A by using the methods of multiple isomorphous
      replacement and electron density modification refinement. The molecule is
      approximately 45 X 25 X 20 A in size. Almost half of the amino acid residues
      participate in two large beta structures, one of four strands and the other of
      three, linked by a central disulfide bond. The molecule thus strongly resembles
      Ig constant domains in polypeptide chain folding and overall tertiary structure.
      Amino acid residues that are the same in the sequences of beta 2-microglobulin
      and Ig constant domains are predominantly in the interior of the molecule,
      whereas residues conserved among beta 2-microglobulins from different species are
      both in the interior and on the molecular surface. In the crystals studied, the
      molecule is clearly monomeric, consistent with the observation that beta 2
      microglobulin, unlike Ig constant domains, apparently does not form dimers in
      vivo but associates with the heavy chains of major histocompatibility complex
      antigens. Our results demonstrate that, at the level of detailed three
      dimensional structure, the light chain of the major histocompatibility class I
      antigens belongs to a superfamily of structures related to the Ig constant
      domains.

PMID- 3889927
TI  - Growth requirements of ferret tracheal epithelial cells in primary culture.
AB  - In mass cell culture conditions, protease dissociated ferret tracheal epithelial
      cells (FTE) proliferated in growth factor-supplemented F12 medium to high cell
      densities (0.5 X 10(5) cells/cm2) with an average population doubling time of 24
      hr. The growth factor constituents of the F12 medium included epidermal growth
      factor (25 ng/ml), insulin (1 microgram/ml), transferrin (10 micrograms/ml),
      hydrocortisone (18 ng/ml), hypothalamus extract (30-100 micrograms/ml), and
      conditioned medium from mouse 3T3 fibroblasts. Growth of these cells under clonal
      conditions was achieved by the partial replacement of F12 medium with M199 medium
      which was attributed, in part, to the presence of vitamin A in M199 medium. Serum
      did not stimulate the growth of FTE cells. The epithelial cell nature of these
      cells in culture was confirmed by ultrastructural features and by
      immunofluorescent staining for fibronectin.

PMID- 3889926
TI  - Biosynthetic 20-kilodalton methionyl-human growth hormone has diabetogenic and
      insulin-like activities.
AB  - The anterior pituitary gland produces a 20-kilodalton (kDa) variant of human
      growth hormone (hGH) that differs from the predominant 22-kDa form of hGH in that
      amino acid residues 32-46 are deleted. Previous work has suggested that the 20
      kDa variant possesses the full growth-promoting and lactogenic activities of 22
      kDa hGH but lacks its intrinsic diabetogenic and insulin-like activities. In the
      present study, recombinant DNA techniques were used to prepare biosynthetic 20
      kDa hGH, and some of the biological properties of the purified hGH variant were
      examined. The biosynthetic 20-kDa hGH variant was found to share the propensity
      for aggregation exhibited by its native counterpart. Moreover, like the native
      variant, biosynthetic 20-kDa hGH possessed full growth-promoting activity in the
      weight gain test in hypophysectomized rats. However, contrary to previous work
      suggesting that native 20-kDa hGH lacks diabetogenic and insulin-like activities,
      biosynthetic 20-kDa hGH was found to have substantial diabetogenic activity when
      administered chronically to ob/ob mice and to possess approximately 20% the in
      vitro insulin-like activity of biosynthetic 22-kDa hGH on isolated epididymal
      adipose tissue of hypophysectomized rats. The diabetogenic and insulin-like
      activities of biosynthetic 20-kDa hGH cannot be ascribed to contamination of the
      hormone preparation with the 22-kDa form of hGH or with other diabetogenic or
      insulin-like pituitary peptides. Therefore, the results strongly suggest that
      diabetogenic and insulin-like activities are also intrinsic properties of the 20
      kDa variant of hGH.

PMID- 3889928
TI  - Observations on the cytolytic activity of lactoperoxidase using a continuous
      assay.
AB  - A turbidometric assay that allows continuous monitoring of the cytolytic activity
      of toxic agents toward various target cells has been developed. This assay
      monitors the change in absorbance at 600 nm (due to light scattering) of a
      suspension of human red blood cells as a function of time. The rate of cell
      lysis, delta A600/delta t, can be expressed as the number of cells lysed per
      minute, which facilitates the determination of kinetic constants. Using this
      procedure we observed that the cytolytic activity exerted by various peroxidases
      in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and a halide ion proceeds in at least two
      stages. During the first stage no lysis occurs, but scanning electron microscopy
      showed that alterations in the target cell membrane take place. During the second
      stage the target cells lyse, resulting in a simultaneous release of metabolites
      and macromolecules. We conclude that the lytic action of peroxidases is directed
      toward the target cell membrane, which appears to acquire an increased rigidity
      and subsequently disintegrates.

PMID- 3889929
TI  - Induction of the self-priming effect of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone
      during the sexual maturation of the male rat.
AB  - Pubertal and young adult male rats release more luteinizing hormone (LH) in
      response to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) if pretreated with LHRH
      than if pretreated with saline. Immature male rats do not show this self-priming
      effect. In order to examine the role of acute changes in testicular steroids in
      this process, immature (29-30 days old) or pubertal (50-51 days old) male rats
      were castrated or sham operated under ketamine HCl anesthesia. Beginning
      immediately after completion of the surgery, they were given three priming
      injections of 10 ng LHRH/100 g body wt or saline at 30-min intervals. Thirty
      minutes after the third priming injection, a blood sample was obtained by cardiac
      puncture followed immediately by a challenge injection of 50 ng LHRH/100 g body
      wt given to both saline and LHRH primed groups. Ten minutes after the challenge
      injection a final blood sample was obtained by heart puncture. Serum was assayed
      for LH concentration by radioimmunoassay. Sham-operated pubertal rats showed a
      typical self-priming effect. Animals pretreated with LHRH released significantly
      (P less than 0.01) more LH in response to the challenge injection than did rats
      pretreated with saline. Acute castration also resulted in a significant (P less
      than 0.001) self-priming effect in pubertal rats. As anticipated, sham castrated
      immature males did not show a self-priming effect. Acutely castrated immature
      rats however, showed a significant (P less than 0.05) self-priming effect. These
      data provide support for the hypothesis that, prior to puberty, increases in
      testosterone during the priming process inhibit the expression of the self
      priming effect.

PMID- 3889930
TI  - The role of outer hair cells in cochlear function.

PMID- 3889931
TI  - The neural representation of gustatory quality.

PMID- 3889932
TI  - The olfactory system: the uses of neural space for a non-spatial modality.

PMID- 3889933
TI  - A randomized trial of the effect of vitamin E on plasma prostacyclin (6-keto-PGF1
      alpha) levels in healthy adults.
AB  - We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled double blind trial of the effect of
      vitamin E (800 IU/day) on plasma prostacyclin levels. After drawing baseline
      blood samples, 30 healthy adults were randomly assigned to vitamin E or placebo.
      After eight weeks, we again collected blood and assayed the plasma for 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha, the principal stable degradation product of prostacyclin. Mean levels
      of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in those patients who received placebo was essentially
      unchanged, 27 pg/ml at baseline and 29 pg/ml at 8 weeks. The mean level of those
      patients on vitamin E declined dramatically, from 29 to 13 pg/ml. The mean net
      difference due to vitamin E, -18 pg/ml (95% confidence limits from -32 to -3),
      was statistically significant, p = .02. It is not clear whether this effect is
      restricted to prostacyclin or if vitamin E exerts a similar tendency on other
      arachidonic acid derived products.

PMID- 3889934
TI  - Renal prostaglandin E2 and the renin-angiotensin system in hypertensive disorders
      in man.
AB  - We studied renal vein concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and activity of
      the renin-angiotensin system in 9 normotensive young men (NT), 17 hypertensive
      patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis (URS), and 26 patients with
      essential hypertension (EH) of whom 12 had low renin essential hypertension
      (LRH). The PGE2 concentration, plasma renin activity (PRA), and angiotensin II (A
      II) were measured in the inferior vena cava and were compared with the mean
      concentration for both renal veins under basal conditions and without
      pharmacological interference. The renal vein PGE2 concentrations were higher in
      NT (p less than 0.01) and URS (p less than 0.05) than in LRH. However, there were
      no significant differences in A II concentrations between the groups, nor were
      there any correlations to PGE2 concentrations. The positive correlation between
      PRA and PGE2 (r = 0.29, p less than 0.02) indicates that PGE2 may contribute to
      the activation of the renin-angiotensin system or that there may be a common
      mechanism for stimulation of both hormonal systems. Our results are not
      compatible with the hypothesis that a reduction of PGE2 production is a specific
      feature of patients with EH.

PMID- 3889935
TI  - Hypotensive effect in the rat after oral prostacyclin (PGI2).
AB  - PGI2 dose dependently lowers mean systemic arterial pressure in conscious
      normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats after oral administration. The
      ED30 was respectively 0.79 and 0.63 mg/kg. Heart rate was not significantly
      modified. The hypotensive effect appears to be due to PGI2 itself and not to its
      metabolite 6-keto-PGF1 alpha which, administered at 2 mg/kg p.o., did not modify
      blood pressure.

PMID- 3889936
TI  - [The effect of blood serum on GnRH-loaded multilayer liposomes: proof of a
      correlation between their size and the inclusion stability of the peptide
      hormones].

PMID- 3889937
TI  - [Ingredients of mistletoe (Viscum album L.) as potential drugs].

PMID- 3889938
TI  - The biophysical pharmacology of calcium-dependent acetylcholine secretion.

PMID- 3889939
TI  - Mode of action of beta-lactam antibiotics.

PMID- 3889940
TI  - Cholera enterotoxin (choleragen).

PMID- 3889941
TI  - The induction and control of radiogenic transformation in vitro: cellular and
      molecular mechanisms.

PMID- 3889942
TI  - Sir Hans Sloane: the spirit of inquiry.

PMID- 3889943
TI  - O. H. Robertson--an inquiring mind: from blood bank to cutthroat trout.

PMID- 3889944
TI  - The childhood suffering of Charles Dickens and his literary children.

PMID- 3889945
TI  - The American Physiological Society photograph collection.

PMID- 3889946
TI  - The anorectic effect of satietin is unrelated to carbohydrate metabolism.
AB  - The effect of satietin and amphetamine on the carbohydrate metabolism of free fed
      and food deprived rats was studied. Rats deprived of food for 96 hours maintained
      normal glucose and glucagon blood levels but the blood concentration of insulin
      dropped from 232.02 +/- 23.93 to 12.48 +/- 0.71 pmol/l. Amphetamine (500
      micrograms/animal, intracerebroventricularly) left in normally fed rats the blood
      concentration of glucose, insulin and glucagon unchanged. The same treatment,
      however, increased the insulin concentration in the blood of food deprived rats
      from 11.37 +/- 4.43 to 73.47 +/- 8.29 pmol/l. Glucose and glucagon, as well as
      insulin levels remained unchanged in both normally fed and food deprived rats
      when treated with satietin (20 micrograms/rat, intracerebroventricularly). It was
      concluded that the anorectic effect of satietin is unrelated to carbohydrate
      metabolism.

PMID- 3889947
TI  - Dietary obesity: effects of drugs on food intake in S 5B/P1 and Osborne-Mendel
      rats.
AB  - The effect of several drugs on food intake has been examined in two strains of
      rats, one (S 5B/P1) which is resistant to developing obesity when eating a high
      fat diet, and one (Osborne-Mendel) which readily develops obesity when eating the
      same diet. Insulin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose increased food intake in a dose
      dependent manner in both S 5B/P1 and Osborne-Mendel rats. However, the S 5B/P1
      rats showed a greater response, with a shorter latency period, to both agents
      than did the Osborne-Mendel rats. Conversely, d-amphetamine at the higher doses
      produced a dose dependent suppression of food intake with maximal suppression
      being similar for both strains. At a lower dose, however, d-amphetamine
      significantly increased food intake in the Osborne-Mendel rats, but not in the S
      5B/P1 rats. The S 5B/P1 rats were also slightly more sensitive to the anorexic
      effects of lower dose adenosine than were the Osborne-Mendel rats whereas the
      reverse was true following higher dose adenosine. Naloxone suppressed food intake
      equally in both strains and D-glucose did not alter food intake in either strain.
      These studies identify three drugs, all stimulatory, to which the two strains of
      rat respond differently.

PMID- 3889948
TI  - CCK-octapeptide injected into cerebral ventricles of sheep decreases plasma
      insulin level.
AB  - Cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8) was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricles (LV)
      of conscious sheep to determine its effect on secretion of three hormones
      important in regulation of peripheral metabolism: growth hormone (GH), glucagon,
      and insulin. Three hr continuous LV injection of 0.64 pmol/min CCK-8 decreased
      plasma insulin concentration approximately 30% throughout the three hr period,
      compared to control injection, and this effect occurred independently of whether
      or not the sheep were permitted to eat during injection. Only high doses of
      desulfated CCK-8 affected plasma insulin levels, thus suggesting the involvement
      of specific CCK receptors. Plasma glucose and GH concentrations were unaffected
      by LV injections, but plasma glucagon concentration was also decreased by CCK-8.
      LV injection of 0.64 pmol/min CCK-8 in sheep given an IV bolus injection of
      glucose (1.0 g/kg body mass) resulted in significantly lower plasma insulin and
      higher plasma glucose concentrations than during control LV injections; thus CCK
      8 is capable of suppressing insulin secretion even under stimulated conditions.
      Since cisterna magna injections of CCK-8 were not effective in suppressing
      insulin secretion, more rostral brain sites are probably responsible for
      mediating this effect.

PMID- 3889949
TI  - Control of replication of FII plasmids: comparison of the basic replicons and of
      the copB systems of plasmids R100 and R1.
AB  - The copy numbers of the FII plasmids R1 and R100 were determined in four
      different ways and found to be identical. Deletion of one of the copy number
      control genes, copB, together with its promoter gives rise to plasmid copy
      mutants with an increased copy number. The increase was found to be 8- and 3.5
      fold for plasmids R1 and R100, respectively. These deletion derivatives were
      found to be extremely sensitive to the presence of CopB activity from their own
      parent plasmid but not to that of the other plasmid. Hence, the CopB protein and
      its target are plasmid-specific and not FII-group-specific. These results are
      consistent with the high degree of nonhomology between plasmids R1 and R100 in a
      250-bp region covering the distal part of the copB gene and the repA promoter
      region, which contains the target for the CopB protein.

PMID- 3889950
TI  - A selection system for unequal crossing-over: plasmid construction and initial
      studies in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Unequal crossing-over is involved in genetic duplication and deletion in such
      diverse genetic systems as Drosophila, bacteria, and animal viruses. It is
      proposed to be involved in the form of unequal sister chromatid exchange in gene
      amplification in cultured animal cells and during carcinogenesis. Studies of the
      process of unequal crossing-over have been hampered by the lack of genetic
      systems allowing specific selection for cells that have undergone such unequal
      crossing-over. We report here on the construction of plasmids designed to provide
      specific selection of unequal crossing-over. One such plasmid was studied in
      Escherichia coli. We show that kanamycin resistance is generated, as predicted,
      by the expected unequal crossover event.

PMID- 3889951
TI  - Leg ulcerations in livedoid vasculitis.
AB  - Leg ulcerations associated with livedoid vasculitis may undergo a benign or very
      serious course depending on the presence of underlying disease. The disease has
      fairly distinctive clinical and histopathologic features, and it should be
      considered in cases of ulcerations refractory to conventional treatment. Most of
      these cases may eventually heal after a long course of intermittent eruptions and
      ulcerations. However, in rare instances, the loss of limbs may be unavoidable.

PMID- 3889952
TI  - Mons pubis as a donor site for split-thickness skin grafts.
AB  - It is extremely important that a donor graft site be selected with attention to
      the type of graft needed as well as the specific patient's needs and lifestyle.
      While it is inevitable that any donor site heals with altered pigmentation and
      texture, we feel that by using a combination of several time-honored techniques
      in this well-concealed donor site, we have achieved long-term aesthetic results
      of the transfer of skin grafts from a hair-bearing area.

PMID- 3889953
TI  - Infection surrounding Meme implants.

PMID- 3889954
TI  - Preliminary report: voiceprint analysis in tardive dyskinesia.

PMID- 3889955
TI  - Sex role ideology among health care professionals.

PMID- 3889956
TI  - Interface between the Criminal Justice System and the Mental Health System in
      Canada.

PMID- 3889957
TI  - Psychiatric forensic examinations. A decade review.

PMID- 3889958
TI  - DSM-III: the view from the Canadian academe.

PMID- 3889959
TI  - Baseline data for an epidemiological study of the inpatient population served by
      the department of psychiatry of a university teaching general hospital.

PMID- 3889960
TI  - Alexithymia and the grieving process.

PMID- 3889961
TI  - Treatment teams under war stress.

PMID- 3889963
TI  - Civilians under war stress.

PMID- 3889962
TI  - Soldiers under war stress.

PMID- 3889964
TI  - Child-abusive parents: an empirical review and analysis.

PMID- 3889965
TI  - Release of human neurophysin I during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in depressed
      patients is abolished after recovery with clomipramine treatment.
AB  - Release of human neurophysin I (hNp I) and neurophysin II (hNp II) during insulin
      induced hypoglycemia was studied in 10 unipolar depressed women before and after
      4-5 weeks of standard antidepressant drug treatment with daily intravenous
      infusions of clomipramine. Before treatment, a significant increase of hNp I but
      not of hNp II serum levels in response to hypoglycemia was observed. At retest
      during clomipramine administration, a marked clinical amelioration occurred in
      all patients as determined with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; the hNp
      I response to insulin was abolished, but no effect on hNp II concentration could
      be demonstrated. No correlation was found between the degree of the depression
      score decrease and the amplitude of the inhibition of hNp I release or serum
      levels of clomipramine or its metabolite, desmethylclomipramine. The meaning of
      this difference in reactivity of the neurohypophyseal system in the course of
      depressive illness, based on the pharmacological and biochemical profiles of
      clomipramine action, is discussed.

PMID- 3889966
TI  - Effect of benztropine on the diurnal prolactin responses to haloperidol.
AB  - Prolactin (PRL) responses to haloperidol were investigated at 0900 and 1800 h in
      six young healthy men under basal conditions and after benztropine mesylate
      administration. Haloperidol administration induced significantly higher PRL
      release during the evening compared to the morning. The anticholinergic drug,
      benztropine, potentiated the PRL responses to haloperidol both in the morning and
      in the evening. The possible mechanisms of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 3889967
TI  - Psychologic differences between high-, normal-, and low-renin hypertensives.
AB  - Sixty-one male subjects with mild untreated essential hypertension were
      classified by renin-sodium profiling as high renin (HR--13 Subjects), normal
      renin (NR--33 Subjects), or low renin (LR--15 Subjects). The HR subjects reported
      significantly more symptoms of sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility,
      paranoia, and psychotic thought than LR subjects on the Symptom Checklist (SCL
      90). The NR subjects also reported more symptomatology than LR subjects. Similar
      differences between HR and LR subjects were found with the Cattell 16 Personality
      Factor Questionnaire (16PF).

PMID- 3889968
TI  - Followup studies on outcome of hyperactive children.

PMID- 3889969
TI  - Diagnosing ADD-H in adolescents.

PMID- 3889970
TI  - Pharmacotherapy of ADD in adolescents: what do we know, where should we go, how
      should we do it?

PMID- 3889971
TI  - Establishing socially validated drug research in community settings.

PMID- 3889972
TI  - Diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia in the retarded.

PMID- 3889973
TI  - Pharmacotherapy and mental retardation/developmental disability: a bibliography.
      (Special emphasis on non-institutionalized populations).

PMID- 3889974
TI  - Engel's pain-prone disorder patient: 25 years after.
AB  - Engel's concept of pain proneness is reexamined. Child abuse issues, as they are
      presumed to influence pain proneness, are made explicit. Research literature
      related to pain proneness is reviewed. Its methodological shortcomings are
      discussed. Child abuse and child neglect literature was searched, but failed to
      reveal any association between child abuse and pain proneness. A broadly based
      research strategy is suggested to explore this association.

PMID- 3889975
TI  - Use of projective testing on a consultation-liaison service.
AB  - Projective psychological testing is a valuable but underrated tool in
      consultation-liaison psychiatry. By reviewing psychiatric consultations with
      supporting psychological testing done over a 12-month period at the Beth Israel
      Hospital, the authors pinpointed clinical problems where projective testing was
      particularly helpful. The authors found suicidality, depression, and regression
      to be diagnostic dilemmas in which use of the Rorschach and TAT was decisive in
      the crisis setting of some consultations. The psychodynamic information offered
      by these tests guided both proper medication selection and verbal interventions
      as well as facilitated medical education. 4 cases were selected to illustrate the
      relevance of projective testing to consultation-liaison work.

PMID- 3889976
TI  - Schonlein-Henoch syndrome in adults.
AB  - Nine adult patients, aged from 16 to 70 years, (mean 42 years), with Schonlein
      Henoch syndrome were studied during the acute stage of their illness. Each
      presented with the typical purpuric skin rash, and renal disease was found in
      every case. Microscopic haematuria and proteinuria were consistently found and
      red cell casts were seen in urine from five patients. Kidney biopsy performed on
      nine patients showed focal glomerulonephritis in seven cases and diffuse
      proliferative nephritis in two. The finding of mesangial deposits of
      immunoglobulin A (IgA) in seven of eight patients is in agreement with recent
      reports suggesting that the syndrome is an immune complex disorder. The diffuse
      proliferative lesion was accompanied by loss of renal function, but there were no
      fatalities in this series. Corticosteroids administered during the acute stage
      appear to ameliorate the symptoms, especially the arthralgia and abdominal pain,
      and may prevent progression of the renal disease in some cases.

PMID- 3889977
TI  - Cure of cryptococcal infection during continued immunosuppressive therapy.
AB  - Cryptococcus neoformans is a significant pathogen in immunosuppressed patients.
      In renal transplant recipients receiving prednisone, the development of
      cryptococcosis is associated with a poor prognosis. When such patients develop
      cryptococcosis they pose a particularly difficult clinical dilemma since
      withdrawal of prednisone, to facilitate cure of their fungal infection, may
      predispose to loss of their transplanted kidney. We report our experience with
      cryptococcal infection in 13 renal transplant patients. In 11 of these patients
      maintenance immunosuppression was cautiously continued to preserve allograft
      function. The results of our study suggest that maintenance immunosuppressive
      therapy may be continued throughout the period of antifungal therapy and does not
      preclude eradication of the infecting organisms. Our experience indicates that
      the prognosis for the renal transplant patient who has cryptococcosis can be
      improved.

PMID- 3889978
TI  - Pyoderma gangrenosum: a review of 86 patients.
AB  - The clinical, histologic, and immunofluorescent findings in 86 cases of pyoderma
      gangrenosum seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1970 and 1983 were reviewed. Males
      and females were affected in equal numbers. The most frequent site of lesions was
      the leg. Sixty-seven patients (78 per cent) had associated systemic disease, with
      arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease being commonest. Cutaneous
      histopathologic changes varied with the site of biopsy. Lymphocytic vasculitis
      was predominant in the zone of erythema peripheral to the area of ulceration,
      while neutrophilic infiltrate and abscess formation were more prominent
      centrally. In most cases studied, direct immunofluorescence showed
      immunoglobulins and complement deposited in and around superficial and deep
      dermal vessels.

PMID- 3889979
TI  - [ER-post system for build-up of non-vital teeth (III)].

PMID- 3889980
TI  - [Removable metal-ceramic bridges for periodontal prophylaxis (I)].

PMID- 3889981
TI  - [Preprosthetic orthodontics (IV)].

PMID- 3889982
TI  - [Acid etch technic in bridge prosthesis with precious metal dental alloys].

PMID- 3889983
TI  - [Basic knowledge: prosthetics impressions and impression materials (I)].

PMID- 3889984
TI  - [Production and properties of various radiations (II)].

PMID- 3889985
TI  - [Dental casting process--a new possibility, finishing a long-span secondary
      support framework (II)].

PMID- 3889986
TI  - [Ceramic window crown].

PMID- 3889987
TI  - [Use of temporary cement in dental technical laboratories (II)].

PMID- 3889989
TI  - [The use of the pulse radiolysis method in the study of rapid processes in
      suspensions of Escherichia coli].
AB  - It was proved that the method of pulse radiolysis can be used to study the
      processes rapidly occurring in a microorganism suspension. It was shown that
      optically active particles formed after irradiation in an E. coli cell were
      involved into the first-(pseudo-first)-order reaction the rate constant being
      approximately 30 s-1. The presence of oxygen did not influence the kinetics of
      disappearance of these particles.

PMID- 3889988
TI  - [Radiobiology of differentiating mammalian cells].
AB  - The data are reviewed in a comparative aspect concerning the influence of
      ionizing radiation and chemical inductors on mammalian cell differentiation.
      Molecular bases for the effects observed are discussed. Such an approach is shown
      to be adequate in studying the mechanism of radiation death of thymus
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 3889990
TI  - [The action of potassium orotate in prophylactic and therapeutic administration
      to irradiated rats].
AB  - A study was made of the radioprotective and therapeutic effect of potassium
      orotate on rats subjected to whole-body gamma-irradiated with doses of 11, 9 and
      4 Gy. The preparation exerted a radioprotective action when administered
      intraperitoneally 60 min before irradiation as was estimated with a reference to
      the survival rate and leukocyte level in the peripheral blood. Fron the analysis
      of the peripheral blood consumption it was inferred that potassium orotate
      weakened the radiation damage and enhanced the recovery processes during the
      postirradiation period.

PMID- 3889991
TI  - [Electron microscopy study of microcirculation in the rat cerebral cortex after
      total neutron irradiation].
AB  - It was established that the ultrastructure of blood capillaries of the brain
      changes during the first six hours following whole-body neutron irradiation of
      rats (10 Gy) which was indicative of the capillary wall swelling, the increase in
      the microcirculatory bed permeability, and pericapillary edema development. Those
      processes seemed to be reversible since during this period no severe destructive
      changes were detected in the microvessel wall.

PMID- 3889992
TI  - [Effect of glucagon and hydrocortisone on aldolase turnover in the rat liver
      after total x-irradiation].
AB  - A study was made of the effect of glucagon and hydrocortisone on aldolase
      metabolism in rat liver after total-body X-irradiation. The hormonal regulation
      of the enzyme metabolism in the exposed rats was shown to vary from that of
      intact animals.

PMID- 3889993
TI  - [Inactivation of non-syngeneic hematopoietic stem cells by mouse lymphocytes
      after long-term exposure to tritium oxide].
AB  - A study was made of functional activity of lymphocytes, which inactivated
      nonsyngeneic colony-forming units (CFU) in allogenous and xenogenous interaction
      systems, at different times after long-term action of tritium oxide in a
      cumulative dose of approximately 9 Gy. The function of these lymphocytes was
      depressed during the first months after termination of exposure while at later
      times it exceeded the control level. The consequences of the interaction between
      lymphocytes and nonsyngeneic CFU were also studied in this work.

PMID- 3889995
TI  - [Fast neutrons in clinical radiotherapy].

PMID- 3889994
TI  - [Phase contrast microscopic and scanning electron microscopic studies of the
      variability of the plasma protein film on rat erythrocytes following whole body
      irradiation at different doses].

PMID- 3889996
TI  - A review of pathogenesis and diagnosis of thyroid inflammation.

PMID- 3889997
TI  - [Radiologic diagnosis of metastases in the lesser pelvis].
AB  - Reviewing the literature and summarizing our own experience, the role of various
      imaging modalities concerning diagnosis of metastases to lymph nodes and organs
      in the pelvic cavity is discussed. Especially ultrasound, CT and lymphography are
      compared, the importance of fine-needle-aspiration is emphasized. Possible
      advantages of MRI are mentioned.

PMID- 3889998
TI  - [Lung metastases--limitations and possibilities of radiologic diagnosis].
AB  - The different sensitivities of chest radiograph, full-lung tomography and
      computed tomography (CT) are determining factors in the diagnosis of pulmonary
      metastases. Pathogenesis and pathologic-anatomical morphology explain the
      radiological findings. Knowledge of spontaneous or therapy-induced changes and
      "sterilized" metastases is important for follow-up studies. The precise
      densitometry in CT improves the assessment of degree of a pulmonary disk-shaped
      lesion. Histological diagnosis may be obtained by fluoroscopically guided
      percutaneous thin-needle biopsy.

PMID- 3889999
TI  - Percutaneous ethanol injection of parathyroid tumors under US guidance: treatment
      for secondary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - In 12 patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism, 13 parathyroid tumors detected
      with the use of sonography and confirmed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy were
      treated by percutaneous injection of absolute ethanol under ultrasonographic
      guidance. Indications for this procedure were recurrence of parathyroid tumors
      after previous subtotal surgery, high surgical risk, or refusal of surgery.
      Significant volume reductions were recorded for the larger glands; in the smaller
      ones, structural changes were observed as well. Clinical and biochemical
      therapeutic effects were obtained in most cases of single hyperplastic glands
      treated. Percutaneous alcoholic ablation of enlarged parathyroid glands can be
      used in cases of secondary hyperparathyroidism when surgery is contraindicated or
      problematic; it can also improve responsiveness to medical therapy, delaying the
      need for surgery.

PMID- 3890000
TI  - Diagnostic percutaneous aspiration of the gallbladder.
AB  - Percutaneous aspiration of the gallbladder was performed for nine hospitalized
      patients, most commonly to establish the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis and its
      complications in the critically ill patient or patient with sepsis. In five
      patients, aspiration alone was performed; in four, permanent percutaneous
      catheter drainage followed diagnostic aspiration. Ultrasonic guidance was used,
      and aspiration/drainage was performed at bedside for seven of the patients.

PMID- 3890001
TI  - Hepatic echinococcal cyst: successful percutaneous drainage.
AB  - Percutaneous needle aspiration of hydatid cysts has long been discouraged because
      of potential complications, such as anaphylactic shock and the spread of daughter
      cysts. We used this procedure with successful results, however, in the treatment
      of a woman with a recurrent hepatic hydatid cyst. The cyst was drained
      percutaneously using radiologic imaging guidance and then lavaged through a
      catheter using silver nitrate and hypertonic saline solutions. One year after
      drainage, all liver function test results remain normal. Although surgical
      drainage is normally the treatment of choice for hepatic Echinococcus disease,
      percutaneous catheter drainage may be an alternative therapy for patients who
      cannot undergo surgery.

PMID- 3890002
TI  - Normal fetal sacrum simulating spina bifida: "pseudodysraphism".
AB  - An erroneous diagnosis of spina bifida may be made using obstetric ultrasound
      (US) if the examiner is unfamiliar with normal fetal sacral anatomy or the ways
      in which artifacts can affect the appearance of the normal lumbosacral posterior
      elements. Two normal neonates who appeared to have sacral dysraphism in utero are
      described and compared with US and CT studies of an anatomically normal 34-week
      cadaver specimen. In the event of transducer angulation, lumbosacral spina bifida
      must be diagnosed with the utmost caution if an associated sac or mass is not
      present.

PMID- 3890003
TI  - Exencephaly: sonographic findings and radiologic-pathologic correlation.
AB  - Exencephaly is a rare precursor of anencephaly in which a large amount of brain
      tissue is present despite the absence of the calvaria. It was discovered together
      with hydramnios in a near-term fetus. Sonographic, angiographic, and pathologic
      findings are discussed.

PMID- 3890004
TI  - Portal venous hemodynamics in chronic liver disease: effects of posture change
      and exercise.
AB  - Changes of portal hemodynamics with the progression of chronic liver disease and
      changes caused by body posture and physical exercise were investigated using an
      ultrasonic pulsed Doppler flowmeter in healthy adults and in patients with
      chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Portal
      venous velocity was significantly reduced in patients with chronic active
      hepatitis, cirrhosis without a large splenorenal shunt, and cirrhosis with a
      large splenorenal shunt, compared with normal subjects and patients with chronic
      persistent hepatitis. Portal venous flow, by contrast, was significantly reduced
      only in patients with cirrhosis and a large splenorenal shunt compared with
      normal subjects and with the other three groups; there was no significant
      difference in portal venous flow among the latter four groups. Both portal venous
      velocity and flow showed a tendency toward further reduction in patients with
      cirrhosis who had hepatofugal flow of part of the superior mesenteric venous
      blood into the splenic vein and a large splenorenal shunt. Both exercise and
      posture change from supine to sitting significantly reduced portal venous
      velocity and portal venous flow in normal subjects, as well as in the patients
      with chronic liver disease.

PMID- 3890005
TI  - Congenital vertebral malformations: prenatal diagnosis using ultrasonography.
AB  - We present a case of multiple, congenital vertebral malformations diagnosed in
      utero. The normal and abnormal sonographic appearance of the fetal vertebral
      bodies is described. The classification of vertebral anomalies, their
      complications, and associated abnormalities are discussed.

PMID- 3890006
TI  - Portal pressure changes induced by medical treatment: US detection.
AB  - The portal venous system was studied by ultrasonography (US) in 18 patients with
      cirrhosis of the liver who had previous bleeding from large esophageal varices.
      Portal-tract pressure for ten of these patients also was measured by hepatic vein
      catheterization. After 21 days of treatment with atenolol, the calibers of their
      splanchnic veins decreased during expiration, while a response to breathing
      maneuvers was restored. The decrease in the caliber of the splenic and superior
      mesenteric veins seen by US appeared to correlate significantly with the decrease
      in portal pressure (P less than .05). Nonresponse to treatment also was detected
      by US. Real-time US may be routinely carried out as a noninvasive, easy-to-repeat
      technique for the study of portal system hypertension in patients with cirrhosis
      undergoing therapy with beta-adrenergic blocking agents.

PMID- 3890007
TI  - Real-time sonography in suspected acute cholecystitis. Prospective evaluation of
      primary and secondary signs.
AB  - Sonographic findings in 497 patients with suspected acute cholecystitis were
      analyzed prospectively. Combined use of primary and secondary sonographic signs
      led to excellent positive and negative predictive values. Positive predictive
      values for stones combined with either a positive sonographic Murphy sign (92.2%)
      or with gallbladder wall thickening (95.2%) were excellent for acute
      cholecystitis. Positive predictive value of these signs for patients requiring
      cholecystectomy was even higher (99.0%). Negative predictive values for combined
      use of primary and secondary signs to exclude acute cholecystitis were also
      excellent (95.0% for no stones and negative sonographic Murphy sign). Real-time
      sonography alone, using both primary and secondary signs, can be definitive in
      nearly 80% of patients with suspected acute cholecystitis. These patients require
      no further imaging evaluation. Sonography should be the screening test of choice
      in acute cholecystitis because it is cost effective, prospectively highly
      accurate, quick, and better at characterizing and detecting other abdominal
      lesions than cholescintigraphy. A proposed algorithm is described.

PMID- 3890008
TI  - Hepatic echinococcal cysts: sonographic appearance and classification.
AB  - The sonographic appearance of echinococcal lesions of the liver was studied in 59
      patients. We have proposed a classification of these lesions that reflects the
      pathology and natural history of the disease: type I, simple fluid-filled cysts;
      type IR, lesions containing undulated membranes that represent detached endocyst
      secondary to rupture; type II, lesions that contain daughter cysts and/or a
      formed echogenic material we call matrix; and type III, dead, densely calcified
      lesions. The natural progression of hepatic echinococcal cysts is from type I to
      type III. Daughter cyst formation is part of the natural aging process. When
      hydatid cysts are infected, they lose their characteristic sonographic appearance
      and become diffusely hyperechoic.

PMID- 3890009
TI  - Vasculogenic impotence evaluated by high-resolution ultrasonography and pulsed
      Doppler spectrum analysis.
AB  - Vasculogenic impotence was evaluated by high-resolution sonography and
      quantitative Doppler spectrum analysis in 21 patients and two normal volunteers.
      Erection was induced by intracorporeal injection of papaverine, and B-scan
      imaging and Doppler analysis were performed with the penis flaccid and erect. The
      corpora cavernosa and its deep arteries, median septum, and corpus spongiosum
      were clearly displayed in every subject, with the dorsal vein and dorsal artery
      seen ventral to the corpora cavernosa. In the flaccid state, in all subjects,
      Doppler analysis demonstrated flow in the dorsal arteries but not in the deep
      arteries. During erection, the B-mode image showed varying degrees of enlargement
      of the corpora cavernosa, with increased tissue echogenicity, as well as a
      hypoechoic area in the peri-arterial region. The diameter of the penile arteries
      and flow within them also increased by varying degrees. Quantification of blood
      flow through all deep and dorsal arteries is feasible with this technique.

PMID- 3890010
TI  - Nonpalpable breast lesion localization: limited efficacy of sonography.
AB  - We attempted to use hand-held, high-resolution breast sonography to localize for
      biopsy 11 solid, nonpalpable lesions detected by mammography. Using sonography,
      we identified and localized only one of four lesions presenting as poorly defined
      masses and only one of seven lesions presenting as clusters of tiny
      calcifications. This 18% rate of success is too low to justify the use of
      sonography for all patients undergoing needle localization. Mammography remains
      the procedure of choice for localizing solid, nonpalpable breast masses and
      clustered calcifications.

PMID- 3890011
TI  - Ultrasound examination of the hand.
AB  - Twenty-five surgically confirmed soft-tissue lesions of the hand were examined
      prospectively by real-time ultrasound. Use of sonography enabled a reliable
      diagnosis of the cystic or solid nature of soft-tissue lesions, an accurate
      estimation of the volume, and precise three-dimensional localization of the
      abnormality. Sonography also facilitated the location of foreign bodies.
      Assessment of anatomic relationships of these lesions to tendons and surrounding
      structures by real-time sonography during palpation, flexion, and/or extension
      also aided in the surgical approach.

PMID- 3890012
TI  - Dynamic and static phantoms for evaluation of digital subtraction angiographic
      systems.
AB  - Two types of phantoms were developed with which to evaluate the overall
      performance of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) systems. A dynamic phantom,
      called a "fish bone" phantom, consists of polyethylene tubes that simulate blood
      vessels with various lesions, such as stenoses, ulcers, and aneurysms. With this
      phantom, washout curves were obtained representing the relationship between
      iodine content and time. It will be useful for qualitative assessment of DSA
      images, evaluation of different image-processing schemes, and studies of blood
      flow analysis. A static phantom, called a "C-D" phantom, can be used for
      measurement of quantitative contrast-detail (C-D) diagrams and for daily
      monitoring of DSA systems. This was constructed of tubes of seven different
      diameters (2.15-0.28 mm) and 14 different concentrations of contrast medium (100%
      1.1% Renografin-76 [meglumine and sodium diatrizoate]). The C-D diagrams were
      determined from an observer performance study using C-D phantom images obtained
      at four different DSA settings.

PMID- 3890013
TI  - Digital subtraction angiography system evaluation with phantoms.
AB  - Advances in digital subtraction angiography imaging demonstrate the need for
      critical evaluation of the performance of digital subtraction equipment. The
      design of a phantom set for noninvasive assessment of the imaging quality of
      digital subtraction equipment is described; components include a remotely
      controlled transport system and individual patterns to evaluate the contrast and
      detail properties of the image intensifier, low-contrast sensitivity and
      resolution of the system, geometric distortion of image, linearity, mechanical
      and electronic stability of equipment, and effects of bone and bowel gas on
      iodine perception. The performance of an add-on digital radiographic system is
      presented, along with radiation exposure levels at the image intensifier for a
      range of radiographic techniques.

PMID- 3890014
TI  - Iopamidol arteriography: discomfort and pain.
AB  - A double-blind, randomized study was performed to compare discomfort and pain
      associated with the use of iopamidol and Hypaque (diatrizoate sodium and
      diatrizoate meglumine) during iliofemoral runoff arteriography in 33 patients.
      Iopamidol caused substantially less discomfort and pain. The evaluation was
      helped by audiotaping the study and comparing patients' vocal responses to
      injections of these materials.

PMID- 3890015
TI  - Carotid artery and aortic arch imaging with ECG gating in DSA.
AB  - New computer software for gated digital subtraction angiography imaging was used
      to study 57 patients over 3 months. Better mask registration on isolated sets of
      systolic and diastolic images improved image quality. Detail of vessel outline
      and lesion was better than that seen on non-gated images.

PMID- 3890016
TI  - Renal transplants in children: long-term follow-up using sonography.
AB  - Sonographic findings more than 1 year after transplantation for 16 children with
      renal transplants were reviewed to determine the appearance of the transplant on
      long-term follow-up and to correlate its sonographic appearance with its
      function. The appearance of the transplant varied considerably, and there was no
      association between renal function and renal volume, shape, parenchymal
      echogenicity, or central sinus echoes. Renal size and donor age were negatively
      associated. In children, a change in renal size greater than the usual 90%-130%
      of baseline volume seen in adults is a normal adaptation of the transplanted
      kidney to the recipient body size. Sonography was not useful for diagnosing
      chronic rejection or predicting function in the pediatric transplant patient.

PMID- 3890017
TI  - Large umbilical cord: a normal finding in some fetuses.
AB  - We report two cases in which the umbilical cords of fetuses were large on
      prenatal ultrasound scans. The pregnancies terminated uneventfully, however, and
      the babies were healthy at birth and on follow-up visits. We discuss the various
      etiologies of a large umbilical cord and conclude that, although a large cord may
      suggest the presence of an underlying abnormality, in some instances it may
      represent a normal finding.

PMID- 3890018
TI  - Obstructed calycocystostomy site in association with a transplanted kidney:
      percutaneous management.
AB  - We have used advanced endourologic techniques in the treatment of an obstructed
      lower-pole calycocystostomy site. The unusual clinical course that led to this
      problem and the interventional treatment used are discussed.

PMID- 3890019
TI  - Ureterovesical obstruction and megaloureter: diagnosis by real-time US.
AB  - Forty infants and children were accurately diagnosed with real-time ultrasound
      (US) as having megaloureter secondary to ureterovesical junction (UVJ)
      obstruction by an adynamic, distal ureteral segment. Characteristic US findings
      were dilatation of the distal ureter, often disproportionate to the appearance of
      the upper collecting system; lower ureteral hyperperistalsis; and a sharply
      tapered, incurving, distal adynamic segment, 1-3 cm long. Real-time US, used
      routinely in preliminary evaluation of the urinary tract in children, can
      facilitate early diagnosis of UVJ obstruction and thus prevent significant loss
      of renal function.

PMID- 3890021
TI  - [Molecular cloning of chloroplasts genes--chloroplast DNA replication origin and
      transcriptional promoters].

PMID- 3890020
TI  - The pathogenesis of clinical and experimental congestive cardiomyopathies: recent
      concepts.

PMID- 3890022
TI  - Urinary levels of 2,3-dinor-6-oxo-PGF1 alpha: a reliable index of the production
      of PGI2 in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
AB  - The urinary levels of 2,3-dinor-6-oxo-PGF1 alpha (PGI2-M), a major metabolite of
      PGI2, are determined by the balance between the amount of PGI2 synthesized and
      the extent of its further metabolic oxidation. The purpose of the present study
      was to determine if the urinary excretion of PGI2-M can be used as a reliable
      index of the in vivo production of PGI2 in both normal Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). This involved the exclusion of differences
      in metabolism between these two strains of rats. In order to do so, we monitored
      the urinary excretion of PGI2-M during paired intravenous infusions of 6-oxo-PGF1
      alpha (the stable product of the spontaneous hydrolysis of PGI2) in conscious,
      unrestrained SHR and WKY rats aged 12-15 weeks, in doses ranging from 250 to 700
      ng. In one experiment, PGI2 was infused instead of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha. The results
      of these experiments indicate that SHR and WKY rats are equal with regard to the
      transformation of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and PGI2 into PGI2-M. For both groups, there
      is a good correlation between the amount of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha infused and the
      amount of PGI2-M excreted in urine. These observations confirm the validity of
      using the urinary levels of 2,3-dinor-6-oxo-PGF1 alpha as an index of PGI2
      production in both WKY and SHR. In addition, they support the conclusions drawn
      from our previous studies, namely that SHR do not produce more PGI2 than WKY rats
      in vivo, contrary to the situation prevailing in vitro.

PMID- 3890023
TI  - ["The Fuhrer commanded..." On Hitler's effect on Germany in the 30's].

PMID- 3890024
TI  - [Further remarks on the problem of psychoanalysis and politics].

PMID- 3890025
TI  - Optimal extension of the undercut removable partial denture base by augmentation
      of the master cast.

PMID- 3890026
TI  - Periodontal considerations for the construction of removable partial dentures
      (II).

PMID- 3890027
TI  - An open conversation with Dr. Van Thompson.

PMID- 3890028
TI  - Laboratory procedures for the neutral zone denture technique.

PMID- 3890030
TI  - Fabrication of a ceramo-metal fixed bridge to fit an existing removable partial
      denture.

PMID- 3890029
TI  - Major connectors for removable partial dentures (I).

PMID- 3890031
TI  - Kidney allograft tolerance in diabetic patients after total lymphoid irradiation
      (TLI).
AB  - The value of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) combined with low dose prednisone
      as sole immunosuppressive regimen in renal allograft transplantation in humans
      has been investigated. Seventeen patients with end-stage diabetic nephropathy
      received TLI to a cumulative dose of 20-30 Gy in fractions of 1 Gy. Cadaver
      kidneys were grafted as soon as they were available after completion of TLI. Low
      dose prednisone was given after transplantation. Profound and long-term
      immunosuppression has been achieved in all patients. Six patients live already
      more than one year (greater than 2 years in 3 of them) and 7 for less than one
      year with a functioning kidney graft. Two out of these 13 patients had repeated
      rejection episodes necessitating a supplementary immunosuppressive treatment with
      cyclosporine A. One patient returned to chronic hemodialysis 11 months after
      transplantation and died of pericardial tamponade one month later. One patient
      had severe acute rejection for which cyclosporine A was administered; he died of
      septic shock as a consequence of immune deficiency a month later. The other two
      patients succumbed to other causes (myocardial infarction and hyperglycemia). The
      amount of steroids and azathioprine administered to these patients was
      substantially lower than in the case of conventional immunosuppression. The
      preliminary results are thus encouraging. However, the treatment schedule as used
      in the present study can not yet be considered as optimal since the majority of
      patients still had one or more rejection episodes. Further investigations are
      warranted. The optimal dose of radiation, the importance of the interval between
      TLI and organ transplantation, the influence of splenectomy on the immunity,
      etc., are still to be assessed.

PMID- 3890033
TI  - Oxytocin and glucose oxidation in the rat uterus.
AB  - The effects of oxytocin on the biochemical pathways of glucose oxidation were
      investigated in the rat uterus. In the presence of oxytocin, glucose oxidation in
      uterine segments obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats at diestrus increased 1.5-2.0
      fold above the basal rate. A half-maximal response was observed at about 3 nM
      oxytocin; the maximum response was equal to or greater than the response to 1.7
      nM insulin. In stripped myometrial segments (denuded of the endometrial
      component), oxytocin stimulated glucose oxidation at estrus only; whereas in
      intact uterine segments, the stimulation of oxidation was observed at both estrus
      and diestrus. In contrast, stimulation of oxidation by carbachol in stripped
      myometrial segments was independent of the estrous state of the tissue. The ratio
      of [1-14C]glucose to [6-14C]glucose oxidation was measured to estimate the
      relative involvement of the pentose phosphate and the tricarboxylic acid pathways
      of metabolism. In myometrial tissue, stimulation of glucose oxidation by oxytocin
      appeared to proceed through the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In intact uterine
      segments, at diestrus, glucose oxidation involved largely the pentose phosphate
      pathway (suggesting increased glucose metabolism in endometrial tissue), whereas
      at estrus, in the intact tissue segments, oxytocin increased glucose oxidation
      largely via the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and appeared to do so predominantly in
      the myometrial tissue. Carbachol-stimulated glucose oxidation appeared to proceed
      mainly via the tricarboxylic cycle in the myometrial tissue, irrespective of the
      stage of the estrous cycle. In the uterus of the Brattleboro rat (either intact
      uterine segments or stripped myometrial strips), oxytocin stimulated glucose
      oxidation only at estrus, predominantly through the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
      These findings suggest that oxytocin, in addition to its known effect on the
      contractility of uterine and myoepithelial smooth muscle, may regulate glucose
      metabolism in both the myometrial and endometrial components of uterine tissue.

PMID- 3890032
TI  - Primary chemotherapy in the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma in children: trial of
      the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) preliminary results.
AB  - This therapeutic trial deals with 81 patients with stage III rhabdomyosarcoma
      (RMS), from different centers of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology.
      These patients were included between October 1975 and March 1983. The aim of this
      work is to minimize the sequelae of treatment without jeopardizing the survival
      rate. After a pretrial course of VAC, two groups of patients are compared: the
      first treated with systematic extensive surgery or radiotherapy on the initial
      tumor volume, and the second treated with combined chemotherapy using
      vincristine, dactinomycin, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide until maximum tumor
      reduction, followed by radiotherapy or surgery on the residual mass only. Eighty
      one patients were included in the trail; 15 patients were not randomized due to
      the failure of the pretrial course of chemotherapy, 3 were excluded after
      randomization (2 were found not to have RMS, and in one case the protocol was not
      observed). The preliminary results for the 63 patients show a survival rate of
      40% at 3 years. The sequential scheme for patients at 3 years follow-up does not
      show a superiority in either arm.

PMID- 3890034
TI  - [Status review on neutron dosimetry standardization].

PMID- 3890035
TI  - [Diagnostic imaging by radioisotopes. Basic theories (IV). Imaging apparatus for
      radioisotope tomographic diagnosis].

PMID- 3890036
TI  - [Mepivacaine for axillary plexus anesthesia. Comparison of mepivacaine-CO2 and
      mepivacaine-HCI].
AB  - Forty patients scheduled for elective surgery of the hand-forearm region under
      axillary plexus block received mepivacaine carbonate or mepivacaine hydrochloride
      (1% solution) in a random fashion. Onset and spread of the resulting anaesthesia
      were recorded, using the pin-prick test in the area propria of the nervus
      axillaris, musculocutaneus, radialis, medianus, ulnaris, intercostobrachialis and
      cutaneus antebrachii medialis. The motor block was assessed by testing the
      strength of arm flexion (n. musculocutaneus), extension (n. radialis), grip
      strength of the hand (n. medianus) and lateral abduction of the fingers (n.
      ulnaris). The results suggest that there is no difference of the effects of the
      two preparations. In ten patients of each group, blood levels of mepivacaine were
      determined during 90 min after the injection. The difference between the two
      groups (the levels after the carbonate being higher during the first 30 min) was
      significant at 15 min.

PMID- 3890037
TI  - [Aging and cancer].

PMID- 3890038
TI  - [Pneumonia caused by a beta hemolytic streptococcus in a heroin addict].

PMID- 3890039
TI  - [Molsidomine: evaluation of a single dose using the exercise test].

PMID- 3890040
TI  - [Endoscopic echography. Its possibilities].

PMID- 3890041
TI  - Effects of changes in circulating volume and in arterial pressure on plasma renin
      activity in the intact rat.
AB  - The effects of changes in arterial pressure and in circulating volume on Plasma
      Renin Activity (PRA) in the intact rat were compared by two experimental
      procedures. Gradual volume depletion was induced by intraperitoneal injection of
      a hyperoncotic polyethyleneglycol solution (PEG) in absence of acute changes in
      Systolic Arterial Pressure (SAP). SAP was measured in the conscious state by the
      tail cuff technique. Plasma Protein Concentration (PPC) and Hematocrit (Hct)
      increases after PEG injection were compared as the index for measuring the Plasma
      Volume Reduction (PVR). PRA showed a significant (p less than 0.001) linear
      relationship with PPC, suggesting a direct dependence of renin secretion on
      volume depletion. Acute changes in the circulating volume were induced by
      controlled hemorrhages of 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 ml of blood/kg body weight.
      The increase in PRA showed a significant relationship with the changes in
      circulating volume, but it did not show any dependence on the changes in Mean
      Arterial Pressure (MAP). Our results suggest that, in the intact and conscious
      rat, renin secretion responds to the information from the cardiopulmonary volume
      receptors rather than to that from the high pressure receptors.

PMID- 3890042
TI  - Effects of dietary lipid level on ketonemia and other plasma parameters related
      to glucose and fatty acid metabolism in the rabbit during fasting.
AB  - The effects of a high-fat diet on ketonemia and other plasma parameters of
      gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis were studied in rabbits during feeding, during a
      4-day fast, and again during refeeding. Arterial plasma glucose, lactate, total
      aminoacids, ketone bodies, insulin and glucagon were measured daily. In the fed
      state, the high-fat diet induced an increase in plasma NEFA and ketone bodies and
      a decrease in alaninemia. The most striking effect of the high-fat diet, compared
      with the normal low-fat diet was the twofold increase of ketonemia during
      fasting, even though the difference in NEFA level after both diets was only 19%.
      This effect was maintained throughout the fasting period. The high-fat diet also
      induced higher glycemia and lower alaninemia during further fasting. Insulinemia
      sharply decreased to a very low value from the beginning of fasting, but the high
      fat diet did not have any particular effect. Glucagonemia was not different in
      the fed state than in fasting, whatever preceding diet was given. Therefore,
      lipid content of the diet prior to fasting introduced important and persistent
      modifications in the triglycerides and glucose metabolism during fasting.

PMID- 3890043
TI  - Effects of end-expiratory lung volume on lung mechanics in normal and edematous
      lungs.
AB  - This study determined the effects of end-expiratory pressures (EEP) and
      alterations in end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) on lung compliance (CL) and
      pulmonary resistance to gas flow (RP) in 20 cats with normal and edematous lungs.
      EELV was varied using EEP ranging from -8 to +10 cm H2O. Negative EEP was used to
      decrease EELV of the healthy lung causing CL to decrease and RP to increase.
      Positive EEP in the healthy lung also caused CL to decrease but did not
      significantly affect RP. After inducing pulmonary edema using alloxan, functional
      residual capacity (FRC) decreased 38%, CL decreased 66% and RP increased 106% (p
      less than 0.001). An EEP of 4 cm H2O returned EELV to normal FRC levels and
      produced maximum values for CL. Increases in EEP to 4 cm H2O also caused
      decreases in RP in the edematous lungs but further increase did not cause
      significant changes in RP. These results show that (1) relatively low levels of
      EEP returned EELV to normal FRC levels in alloxan-induced pulmonary edema, and
      (2) optimal lung mechanics were obtained when EELV was equal to or slightly above
      normal FRC values in both healthy and edematous lungs.

PMID- 3890044
TI  - [Body plethysmography--controversial topics].

PMID- 3890045
TI  - [Retrograde blood flow].

PMID- 3890046
TI  - [Quantitative evaluation of lung water and observational error in the thermal
      dilution method].

PMID- 3890047
TI  - [Symptomatologic value of apolipoproteins].

PMID- 3890048
TI  - [Acute renal insufficiency induced by captopril disclosing renal artery stenosis
      in a solitary kidney].

PMID- 3890049
TI  - [Comparative study of the effects of prazosin and atenolol on plasma lipids of
      hypertensive patients].
AB  - In order to investigate comparatively the effects of prazosin and atenolol on
      plasma lipid concentrations, 60 patients from two centres, presenting with
      arterial hypertension (diastolic 90-120 mmHg, systolic 160-200 mmHg), were
      allocated at random to one or the other of these drugs. The lipid profile, stable
      during the period of observation, included total cholesterol and triglycerides,
      study by ultracentrifugation, and assays of apoproteins A1 and B by laser
      immunonephelometry. Determinations were performed 30 days before, and on the 1st,
      90 th and 180 th days of treatment. Both drugs had similar lowering effects on
      blood pressure. A significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and
      apoprotein B and an increase in HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 were
      observed in patients under prazosin, whereas patients under atenolol exhibited
      opposite variations in plasma lipids. Although the clinical significance of these
      findings is uncertain, such metabolic effects should be taken into account when
      evaluating the risk/benefit ratio of antihypertensive treatments.

PMID- 3890050
TI  - [Functional diabetic microangiopathy].

PMID- 3890051
TI  - [Cellular populations of the lymph node. Immunohistochemical identification,
      morphology, histophysiology].

PMID- 3890052
TI  - [Intracranial hypertension caused by lateral sinus thrombosis in Vaquez's
      disease].

PMID- 3890053
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of ceftriaxone].
AB  - This article describes the pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone, a new "third
      generation" cephalosporin. This antibiotic displays two major characteristics: a
      very long serum half-life and a good tissue penetration. The properties of
      ceftriaxone should allow its easy clinical handling.

PMID- 3890054
TI  - [Insulin-requiring diabetes].

PMID- 3890055
TI  - In search of a function for the invariant chain associated with Ia antigens.

PMID- 3890056
TI  - Differential gene expression in autoimmune mice.

PMID- 3890058
TI  - Magnetic resonance spectroscopy for evaluation of renal function.
AB  - In summary, MRS is a powerful tool for the noninvasive measurement of tissue
      metabolism and pH. 31P MRS measures high-energy phosphates and pH, 1H MRS
      measures carbon metabolism, and 14N detects nitrogenous compounds. Studies with
      perfused organs in experimental animals suggests that MRS has potential for
      noninvasive monitoring of the human kidney in health and disease. The production
      of large magnet systems which accommodate human subjects raises the possibility
      that MRS may be used for clinical diagnosis. There are several problems
      concerning the application of this technology to the investigation of human renal
      metabolism. Nevertheless, because this field is advancing so rapidly, it can be
      expected that within the next few years MRS will be used to study human kidneys
      in health and disease. Whether or not MRS proves to be a useful diagnostic tool
      in clinical medicine remains to be determined.

PMID- 3890059
TI  - Evaluation of arteriogenic impotence with intracorporeal injection of papaverine
      and the duplex ultrasound scanner.

PMID- 3890057
TI  - Pathogenesis of scleroderma: the interrelationship of the immune and vascular
      hypotheses.

PMID- 3890060
TI  - Endoscopic visualization of the supravesical urinary tract: transurethral
      ureteropyeloscopy and percutaneous nephroscopy.

PMID- 3890061
TI  - [Thymic hypoplasia: its place, histological and immunohistochemical expression in
      cellular immunity deficiencies in children].

PMID- 3890062
TI  - [Functions of the thymus epithelium].

PMID- 3890063
TI  - [Value and limitations of the rapid diagnosis of viral diseases].

PMID- 3890064
TI  - [Value and limitations of prenatal microbiological surveillance].

PMID- 3890065
TI  - [Thalassemia in 1985].

PMID- 3890066
TI  - [Diabetes and pregnancy].

PMID- 3890067
TI  - Exercise testing, training and arm ergometry.
AB  - Standard exercise testing and training methods require leg work, but alternative
      methods involving arm work appear to be particularly applicable for selected
      subjects. An understanding of the physiology of upper extremity exercise and of
      the implications for arm exercise testing and training will assist in the
      diagnostic and functional evaluation and prescription of exercise. The
      cardiorespiratory and haemodynamic responses to submaximal and maximal arm and
      leg exercise are reviewed and practical information and guidelines for the
      recommendation of arm exercise testing and training in wheelchair-confined
      individuals, normal subjects, and patients with coronary heart disease are
      provided.

PMID- 3890069
TI  - [Radiocytologic comparison in breast tumors].

PMID- 3890070
TI  - [Diagnostic approach to cholestatic icterus].

PMID- 3890068
TI  - Applied physiology of marathon running.
AB  - Performance in marathon running is influenced by a variety of factors, most of
      which are of a physiological nature. Accordingly, the marathon runner must rely
      to a large extent on a high aerobic capacity. But great variations in maximal
      oxygen uptake (VO2 max) have been observed among runners with a similar
      performance capacity, indicating complementary factors are of importance for
      performance. The oxygen cost of running or the running economy (expressed, e.g.
      as VO2 15 at 15 km/h) as well as the fractional utilisation of VO2 max at
      marathon race pace (%VO2 Ma X VO2 max-1) [where Ma = mean marathon velocity] are
      additional factors which are known to affect the performance capacity. Together
      VO2 max, VO2 15 and %VO2 Ma X VO2 max-1 can almost entirely explain the variation
      in marathon performance. To a similar degree, these variables have also been
      found to explain the variations in the 'anaerobic threshold'. This factor, which
      is closely related to the metabolic response to increasing exercise intensities,
      is the single variable that has the highest predictive power for marathon
      performance. But a major limiting factor to marathon performance is probably the
      choice of fuels for the exercising muscles, which factor is related to the %VO2
      Ma X VO2 max-1. Present indications are that marathon runners, compared with
      normal individuals, have a higher turnover rate in fat metabolism at given high
      exercise intensities expressed both in absolute (m/sec) and relative (%VO2 max)
      terms. The selection of fat for oxidation by the muscles is important since the
      stores of the most efficient fuel, the carbohydrates, are limited. The large
      amount of endurance training done by marathon runners is probably responsible for
      similar metabolic adaptations, which contribute to a delayed onset of fatigue and
      raise the VO2 Ma X VO2max-1. There is probably an upper limit in training
      kilometrage above which there are no improvements in the fractional utilisation
      of VO2 max at the marathon race pace. The influence of training on VO2 max and,
      to some extent, on the running economy appears, however, to be limited by genetic
      factors.

PMID- 3890072
TI  - [Ultrasonic, arteriographic and anatomopathological correlation in 59 cases of
      carotid atherosclerosis].
AB  - This study was carried out on 49 patients who underwent an ultrasound study by
      continuous Doppler and echotomography B real-time, an angiography of supra-aortic
      arteries, and a carotid endarterectomy. Thirteen had had transient ischemic
      attacks and 20 a stroke. A quantification of the carotid stenosis in 4 stages was
      established for each method. For detection of lesion an excellent correlation was
      observed between the results of echotomography and pathology. For the
      quantification of lesion the correlation between echotomography and pathology was
      excellent also in 79,7 p. 100 of the cases, discordant in 20,3 p. 100. It was
      similar to the correlation between arteriography and pathology (excellent in 83
      p. 100 of the cases). The correlation with pathology enabled to distinguish for
      stages of atherosclerotic lesions, to clarify their type of complications, and to
      evaluate their functional significance, particularly those with a high risk of
      embolism.

PMID- 3890073
TI  - [Tethered conus syndrome or fixed spinal cord syndrome. Lumbosacral lipomas].
AB  - Fifty-eight cases presenting a tethered conus with spina bifida occulta are
      analysed. Twenty-three patients had a lipoma, the others had various
      malformations of the cord. Twenty patients had no symptom or sign, 38 had
      neurological symptoms and signs. Only 2 had no skin malformation. The aim of
      surgery is to reduce the volume of the lipoma, untether the cord, and reconstruct
      the posterior protection of the cord. Twenty-six patients were cured or improved,
      12 patients were stabilized, 19 remained asymptomatic, 1 was worsened.

PMID- 3890071
TI  - [Glomerulonephritis secondary to ventricular-atrial diversions (shunt
      nephritis)].

PMID- 3890074
TI  - [Spontaneous regression of a dura mater arteriovenous fistula of the posterior
      fossa].
AB  - A case of spontaneous regression of a posterior fossa dural arteriovenous
      malformation supplied by the left external carotid artery is reported. The
      patient, a 68-year-old woman, complained of pulsatile tinnitus most important at
      night. Two years after the malformation discovery, she presented a transient
      ischemic attack in the left middle cerebral artery territory. A new angiography
      showed that the malformation had disappeared; the left transverse sinus could not
      be opacified. The authors emphasise the interest of Doppler sonography for
      detection and follow-up of such malformations. They review the few published
      similar cases and discuss the different possible closure mechanisms of
      intracranial arteriovenous malformations.

PMID- 3890075
TI  - [Anemia in rheumatoid arthritis. I. The role of iron metabolic disorders in the
      development of anemia in rheumatoid arthritis patients].

PMID- 3890076
TI  - [Pericarditis in rheumatoid arthritis patients and its relation to the clinical
      signs of the disease].

PMID- 3890077
TI  - [Role of the immunological indices in the early diagnosis of ankylosing
      spondyloarthritis].

PMID- 3890078
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of the painful muscular manifestations of cervical
      osteochondrosis with the cardialgia syndrome].

PMID- 3890079
TI  - [Role of the regional blood circulation in the pathogenesis of osteoarthrosis
      deformans].

PMID- 3890080
TI  - [Reactive arthritis: the status of the problem and the outlook].

PMID- 3890081
TI  - [Characteristics of the course of systemic lupus erythematosus in middle-aged and
      elderly patients].

PMID- 3890082
TI  - [Characteristics of the cytotoxic antilymphocyte antibodies in systemic lupus
      erythematosus].

PMID- 3890083
TI  - [Circulating immune complexes in systemic vasculitis].

PMID- 3890084
TI  - [Correlations between skin and systemic angiitides].

PMID- 3890085
TI  - [Clinico-instrumental diagnosis of a prolapsed mitral valve in children].

PMID- 3890086
TI  - [Functional changes in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in the early
      postoperative period in patients who have undergone mitral commissurotomy].

PMID- 3890087
TI  - [Urethritis and joint lesions].

PMID- 3890088
TI  - [Degenerative diseases of the spine].

PMID- 3890089
TI  - [Diagnosis of disseminated idiopathic calcinosis].

PMID- 3890090
TI  - [Experience with using lymphocytoplasmapheresis in the urethro- oculosynovial
      syndrome].

PMID- 3890091
TI  - [Device for measuring movements in the radiocarpal joints].

PMID- 3890092
TI  - [Reiter's disease and rheumatoid arthritis in men: the characteristics of the
      joint syndrome and the immunological indices].

PMID- 3890093
TI  - Invasive pneumococcal infections: incidence, predisposing factors, and prognosis.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of the case records of 494 patients with 508 episodes of
      pneumococcal infections verified by cultures from blood or from cerebrospinal,
      pleural, and/or synovial fluid from 1964 through 1980 is presented and discussed
      in relation to the literature on invasive pneumococcal infections. The documented
      incidence (1976-1980) of pneumococcal meningitis in a defined area of
      southwestern Sweden was similar to that reported from the United States; 1.4
      cases per 100,000 persons per year; for nonmeningitic infections (mainly
      bacteremic pneumonia) the incidence was 6.1 per 100,000 per year. The highest age
      specific incidence was seen in infants younger than two years. In the vast
      majority of patients, predisposing conditions (young or old age or severe
      underlying diseases) were present. In adults, alcoholism was the most important
      risk factor. The fatality rate was 33% for patients with meningitis and 15% for
      patients with non-meningitic infections, figures that were strikingly similar to
      those reported in other studies. Underlying diseases and young or old age
      contributed significantly to the high mortality rates.

PMID- 3890094
TI  - Klebsiella bacteremia: an analysis of 100 episodes.
AB  - During a five-year period, 204 patients had klebsiella bacteremia at this
      institution; these cases constituted 6.6% of the total episodes of bacteremia.
      The incidence was 2.3 cases per 1,000 admitted patients. A random group of 100
      cases was chosen for analysis in the present study. The disease was community
      acquired in 23%, nosocomially acquired in 77%, unimicrobial in 88%, or part of a
      polymicrobial bacteremia in 12% of episodes. Three-quarters of the episodes were
      caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and the remaining one-quarter, by Klebsiella
      oxytoca. Portals of entry, in decreasing order of frequency, were urinary,
      respiratory, and biliary tracts. Twenty-four percent of the Klebsiella isolates
      were resistant to gentamicin. The most frequent clinical finding (in 96% of the
      cases) was fever. Shock occurred in 22% and pyogenic metastatic foci, in 5% of
      the patients. None of the patients had evidence of disseminated intravascular
      coagulation. Overall mortality was 25%, and factors associated with poor
      prognosis were inadequacy of antimicrobial chemotherapy, septic shock, type of
      underlying disease, and clinical condition of the patients.

PMID- 3890095
TI  - Mechanisms of microbial synergy in polymicrobial surgical infections.
AB  - Surgical infections are almost always polymicrobial, yet the critical importance
      of bacterial mixtures in these infections has received relatively little
      attention. The convincing data on the prevalence of mixed infections in surgery
      are reviewed. Both clinical and experimental evidence indicate that true synergy
      between certain aerobes and anaerobes may exist. Of the possible mechanisms of
      synergy, the most important seems to be the ability of anaerobes, their metabolic
      products, or their capsules to inhibit phagocytosis of aerobes by leukocytes.
      Other mechanisms of importance in special microbial combinations include
      provision of essential nutrients such as vitamin K, succinate, and various growth
      factors by one microbe to the other; alteration of local environment, including
      reduction of the oxygen tension and lowering of redox potential; and the
      provision of substances toxic to the host that permit species of bacteria to
      flourish concurrently. Further study of these interactions will shed light on the
      causes and correction of treatment failure.

PMID- 3890096
TI  - Therapeutic role of granulocyte transfusions.
AB  - Granulocyte transfusions are used as adjuvant therapy for infection in
      neutropenic patients with underlying neoplastic disease, neutropenic infants, and
      patients with qualitative white blood cell disorders. In addition, prophylactic
      leukocyte transfusions have been administered to patients during remission
      induction for acute leukemia or after bone marrow transplantation. The role of
      granulocyte therapy will need constant reassessment as new antibiotics and other
      forms of treatment are developed. At present, granulocyte transfusions are
      indicated in the treatment of severely neutropenic patients with documented
      bacterial infection who are unlikely to recover hematopoietic function over the
      next week and are deteriorating despite 48-72 hr of optimal antibiotic therapy.
      Under these conditions, they improve the rate of survival from the infectious
      episode without clearly affecting the longer-term survival of the patient. Only a
      small minority of neutropenic patients will require granulocyte transfusions.

PMID- 3890097
TI  - Typhoid fever complicated by intestinal perforation: a persisting fatal disease
      requiring surgical management.
AB  - In Bangladesh, clinical records of 323 patients with typhoid fever were reviewed
      to study the incidence, fatality, and optimal therapy of the complication of
      intestinal perforation. Fifteen patients (4.6%) developed intestinal perforation.
      Case-fatality rates were six of nine patients treated medically and one of four
      patients treated surgically for whom the postoperative courses were known. A
      literature review of 57,864 cases of typhoid fever in developing countries in the
      antibiotic era revealed that perforation developed in 2.5% of patients, a
      percentage that was similar to the incidence of 2.8% reported in the
      preantibiotic era. The median of case-fatality rates in these reports was 43% and
      the proportion of all reported typhoid deaths attributable to perforation was
      25%. The case-fatality rates for patients with perforation were 70% for 410
      patients managed medically and 26% for 1,835 patients managed surgically.
      Although some reports were biased toward placing patients at lower risk into
      surgical treatment, the large number of patients treated successfully by surgery
      suggests real improvement in surgical techniques in countries with endemic
      typhoid fever. These results indicate that intestinal perforation persists as a
      major cause of death in cases of typhoid fever in developing countries in the
      antibiotic era and that surgical treatment with use of antibiotic therapy is
      optimal for this complication.

PMID- 3890098
TI  - Intestinal perforation in typhoid fever: a historical and state-of-the-art
      review.
AB  - The appropriate therapy for intestinal perforation in typhoid fever has been
      controversial since the late 1880s. Around the turn of the century, surgery
      became the established mode of therapy, with a mortality of 69% based on 166
      patients in the English-language medical literature, and continued to be the
      preferred treatment until the advent of chloramphenicol in 1948. At this time the
      surgical mortality was approximately 50%. Following the recovery of a few
      patients with perforation treated only with antimicrobial agents (six initially,
      then eventually 22), nonsurgical therapy became the accepted mode of treatment.
      This change was never justified and this review demonstrates this. Appropriate
      therapy is virtually always surgical, usually consisting of simple closure and
      irrigation. Chloramphenicol alone is inadequate antimicrobial therapy in a
      patient with perforation and must be supplemented by other antimicrobials
      directed against enteric aerobic gram-negative bacilli and enteric anaerobes.

PMID- 3890099
TI  - Presentation of the Galen Medal to John Franklin Enders.

PMID- 3890100
TI  - Available rubella serologic tests.
AB  - Serologic techniques for the detection of antibodies to rubella virus provide the
      approach of choice for laboratory diagnosis of acute and congenital rubella
      infections and for the determination of rubella immunity status. Rubella
      serodiagnostic tests currently being used in clinical laboratories are described
      in this review. Advantages, limitations, and relative sensitivities and
      specificities of these tests are presented. The reactivity and specificity of
      rubella antibody tests have been shown to vary from laboratory to laboratory and
      from one manufacturer's kit to another. The need is clearly apparent for a
      universally accepted reference standard that will allow sensitivities and
      alternative assays to be compared directly and a meaningful immune cutoff level
      to be established. Incorporating such standards into the available rubella tests
      would eliminate much of the diagnostic uncertainty associated with rubella
      infections during pregnancy.

PMID- 3890101
TI  - Serologic test combinations for safe detection of rubella infections.
AB  - Today a great number of serologic tests, including commercial kits, are available
      for rubella antibody testing. The performance and quality of various commercial
      tests (ELISA Enzygnost [Behring], Rubazyme [Abbott], Rubenz M
      [Northumbria/Biosigma], single radial hemolysis [e.g., Koch & Merk]) with a great
      number of selected sera were compared with those of conventional methods
      (hemagglutination-inhibition test, sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation),
      and certain test combinations were selected. These proved useful for safe and
      rapid diagnosis of the stage of natural, vaccinal, and congenital rubella
      infection and for the determination of the immune status in pregnant women.

PMID- 3890102
TI  - Standardization of techniques and reagents for the study of rubella antibody.
AB  - The use of well-standardized assays or well-documented commercial kits for
      determination of rubella antibody titers is recommended. The expression of levels
      of antibody and the sensitivity of the assays in international antibody units
      should be encouraged; at present this is possible for IgG. The type of antibody
      assay and the antigen used must be defined. The standardization of IgM units is
      more problematic but is being developed. The degree of protection against viremia
      associated with low levels of antibody needs further elucidation.

PMID- 3890103
TI  - The multihandicapped child with congenital rubella: impact on family and
      community.
AB  - In 1967, a hospital-based education program was created to provide services to
      multihandicapped children with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Since then 214
      children have been enrolled, including 126 (59%) with laboratory-documented
      congenital rubella infection. An assessment of the ongoing training and life
      needs of those children with CRS enrolled in the program and the concomitant
      impact on families and community facilities has documented the general failure of
      the children to progress toward independence in spite of extensive educational
      programs and support services. The human and economic costs of these severe
      rubella-caused disabilities already have been enormous and will continue to be so
      for many years because even in adulthood these victims will require 24-hr
      supervision and care. The extensive rubella-vaccination effort made since 1969
      has resulted in a progressive decline in the percentage of children requiring
      enrollment in this program whose disabilities are due to congenital rubella. The
      last such enrollee was born in 1981.

PMID- 3890104
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and autoimmunity in patients with the congenital rubella
      syndrome.
AB  - An increased incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) has been
      reported in patients with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Thus, studies of
      children with CRS would be of great importance in following the development of
      IDDM in a susceptible population. A total of 242 children with CRS, 30 of whom
      already have diabetes (mean age, 17.4 +/- 0.3 years) have been evaluated. In this
      latter group, the frequency of HLA DR3 is significantly increased and that of HLA
      DR2 significantly decreased. While pancreatic islet cell cytotoxic or surface
      antibodies (ICSA) are found in 20.2% of the total population of patients with
      CRS, they are present in 50%-80% of patients with glucose abnormalities. In all
      but five of the ICSA-positive patients, glucose abnormalities are currently
      present. In addition, glucose intolerance is found in greater than 50% of the DR3
      positive nondiabetic patients with CRS evaluated to date. The data demonstrate
      that patients with CRS at risk for IDDM have the same genetic and immunologic
      features seen in classic IDDM, namely the presence of HLA DR3 and the absence of
      HLA DR2 and the high prevalence of ICSA before decompensation.

PMID- 3890106
TI  - Epidemiology of congenital rubella and results of rubella vaccination in
      Australia.
AB  - Congenital rubella was not notifiable in Australia until recently, but the
      national incidence of childhood deafness has been accurately documented since
      1949. On the basis of these data and a study of congenital rubella in Western
      Australia, it is estimated that the national incidence of congenital rubella has
      decreased from a mean of at least 120 cases annually (one in 2,000 live births)
      to approximately 20 or less since 1977. This decrease has occurred since the
      introduction of rubella vaccination programs in 1971. The aim of these programs
      was to reduce the incidence of congenital infection by vaccinating girls (aged 10
      14 years) at school without assessing their immunity. Nonpregnant seronegative
      women were also offered vaccination in family planning clinics as were postpartum
      seronegative women in obstetric units. By 1983, 96% of 8,226 pregnant women were
      seropositive for rubella antibody, as compared with only 82% of a similar group
      of women in 1971. This improvement in the immune status of pregnant women appears
      to be the result of rubella vaccination. Rubella vaccination also appears to have
      been successful in preventing congenital infection.

PMID- 3890105
TI  - The history and medical consequences of rubella.
AB  - In 1814, George Maton, first recognized that a mild illness characterized by
      rash, adenopathy, and little or no fever was a discrete entity. Henry Veale, in
      1866, named the disease rubella. The illness attracted little attention until
      1942, when Norman Gregg noticed that first-trimester maternal rubella caused
      serious birth defects. The full spectrum and impact of rubella embryopathy
      remained unclarified until rubella virus was isolated in tissue culture in 1962
      by two independent groups: Parkman, Buescher, and Artenstein; and Neva and
      Weller. Using the new tools of the virus laboratory, many investigators
      concentrated on the consequences of a severe rubella epidemic in 1964, which
      affected approximately 1% of pregnancies. Newly recognized transient
      manifestations of congenital rubella infection (CRI) include neonatal
      thrombocytopenic purpura, hepatitis, bone lesions, and meningoencephalitis and
      late-emerging sequelae such as diabetes mellitus and progressive rubella
      panencephalitis added to the cataract, heart disease, mental retardation, and
      deafness previously defined as due to CRI. Sharp contrasts were documented
      between the patterns of virus excretion and immune response of postnatal vs.
      congenital rubella. Licensure and widespread distribution of attenuated rubella
      virus vaccines in 1969 have prevented epidemic rubella. Pockets of illness
      remain, even in the United States. Continued effort will be required to eliminate
      the rubella problem.

PMID- 3890107
TI  - History of RA27/3 rubella vaccine.

PMID- 3890108
TI  - [Diagnostic value of passive anterior rhinomanometry in everyday allergological
      practice. 4 years' experience].
AB  - Passive anterior rhinomanometry used for nasal provocation tests in respiratory
      allergology is a very easy test to perform. On the basis of five years'
      experience, the authors analyse their opinion concerning this technique and
      review the value of nasal challenge tests in allergic rhinitis. The only real
      problem is that of the quality of the allergen used, this being the essential
      factor in terms of correlation with other diagnostic tests (for D.P.: 66.6%
      between challenge test and skin tests, and 78.5% between challenge test and
      RAST). Indications are very wide and the results of nasal challenge provide a
      substantial diagnostic argument when taking therapeutic decisions. However it
      cannot serve as a substitute for the bronchial challenge test in cases of
      combined rhinitis and asthma since there are differences in sensitivity and
      reactivity between the nasal and bronchial mucosae.

PMID- 3890109
TI  - [Occurrence of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) in cases of enteritis in 0- to 2
      year-old infants].

PMID- 3890110
TI  - [Antifungal effects of the antimicrobial factors in human milk and colostrum in
      mixed bacterial and fungal cultures].

PMID- 3890112
TI  - [Laboratory diagnosis in rabies].

PMID- 3890111
TI  - [Clinico-experimental study of local humoral immunity of the vagina in human
      cases of trichomoniasis].

PMID- 3890113
TI  - [New trends and directions in microbiological diagnosis. II. Semiautomated and
      automated diagnostic systems].

PMID- 3890114
TI  - Segmenting the fixed bridge.

PMID- 3890115
TI  - Practical applications of composite resins in the modern dental laboratory, part
      I.

PMID- 3890116
TI  - Hospice care benefits under the Medicare program.

PMID- 3890117
TI  - Management of cleft lip--1859.

PMID- 3890118
TI  - Lectin-binding characteristics of Brugia pahangi microfilariae.
AB  - The binding of FITC-CON-A, SBA, DBA, WGA, PNA and RCA120 to microfilariae of B.
      pahangi and D. immitis was investigated. Sheathed uterine, peritoneal or blood
      microfilariae of B. pahangi bound only WGA on the surface of the sheath. The
      cuticle of D. immitis microfilariae and of artificially exsheathed B. pahangi
      microfilariae failed to bind any of the lectins tested. Binding of WGA to the
      sheath surface was specific and was inhibited in the presence of the
      complementary saccharide, N-acetyl glucosamine. WGA also penetrated the sheath of
      B. pahangi microfilariae. Treatment of peritoneal B. pahangi microfilariae with
      certain proteases exposed additional binding sites for CON-A, SBA, DBA, PNA and
      RCA120 but not for UEA.

PMID- 3890119
TI  - Development of Dirofilaria immitis third stage larvae (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in
      micropore chambers implanted into surrogate hosts.
AB  - Groups of 100 third stage larvae of Dirofilaria immitis recovered from Aedes
      aegypti were loaded into 250 microliters capacity micropore chambers (0.3 micron
      pore size) and implanted into the peritoneal cavity of mice, jirds, cotton rats
      and ferrets. In all hosts 74-87% of larvae moulted by 74 hours, with less than 5%
      mortality. The fourth stage worms recovered at 74 hours were cultured in vitro in
      L-15 (Leibovitz) medium plus 20% foetal bovine serum with a dog sarcoma feeder
      cell line. After 96 hours cultivation, the larvae were comparable in size to
      those recovered from the dog 7 days post-infection (Orihel 1961). Chambers were
      also recovered from mice at intervals up to day 8. Larval survival at the longer
      times was approximately 90% and growth was similar to that reported for larvae in
      the dog. Incubation of third and fourth stage larvae in chambers with Trypan blue
      demonstrated that the gut is non-functional until the completion of the third
      moult.

PMID- 3890120
TI  - Origin of proteinuria in human malaria.
AB  - The prevalence and pathogenesis of renal involvement was investigated in 74
      patients with malarial infections. A rise in proteinuria of 150 to 5,000 mg per
      day was seen in 12 out of 27 patients with Plasmodium falciparum infections. SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed either an increase in albumin and
      high molecular weight proteins alone or an increase in low and high molecular
      weight proteins. Serum creatinine and urea were increased in 5 patients. In P.
      vivax infections, 8 out of 46 patients developed a proteinuria level of up to 462
      mg per day. Low and, to a lesser degree, high molecular weight proteins were
      increased. In one patient with quartan malaria infection, proteinuria rose as far
      as 432 mg per day. There was a correlation between the appearance of proteinuria
      and fever; however, there was no correlation between the amount of proteinuria
      and the height of fever. It is therefore unlikely that a rise in temperature is
      the only cause of proteinuria in malarial infections. The electrophoretic
      analyses of proteinuria indicate that in malarial infections, glomerular as well
      as tubular lesions may cause reversible proteinuria.

PMID- 3890121
TI  - Understanding the magic of cyclosporine.

PMID- 3890122
TI  - [Unusual renal displacement due to extreme splenomegaly].
AB  - Report of a case of unusual renal displacement due to massive splenomegaly. The
      left kidney was displaced upwards by massive enlargement of the spleen. The own
      findings of ultrasonography, abdominal computed tomography and intravenous
      urogram are described and compared with the findings in the literature.

PMID- 3890123
TI  - [Role of cardiac transplantation in myocardial diseases].

PMID- 3890124
TI  - [Treatment of non tuberculous bacterial pneumonia in adults].

PMID- 3890125
TI  - [Indications and limits of stimulation treatments in chronic neurological pain].

PMID- 3890126
TI  - [The kidney and ankylosing spondylarthritis].

PMID- 3890127
TI  - [Current treatment of mandibular fractures in a general hospital center. What is
      the role of osteosynthesis with miniplates?].
AB  - Treatment of mandibular fractures has raised passions among supporters of the
      miniaturized screw plate and partisans of steel wire bone suture combined with
      inter-maxillary blocking. This report deals with current attitudes towards
      therapy. Surgical techniques are summarized, the different indications for
      miniaturized screw plate outlined, and other simple methods confirmed as being
      effective described. Based on statistical analysis of cases treated over a period
      of 8 years, results of treatment of mandibular injuries are reviewed, advances in
      therapy discussed and the various indications outlined. The use of the
      miniaturized screw plate appears to provide an undoubted contribution to
      maxillofacial surgery, but it does not supplant other therapeutic procedures. The
      consensus of opinion at the present time appears to have become established for
      therapy of mandibular fractures, confirmatory evidence being supplied by data in
      recent published literature.

PMID- 3890128
TI  - Metabolic responses to physical training in young insulin-dependent diabetics.
AB  - Insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetics, aged 14-17 years, were studied according to
      two protocols. During a 6-month training period of moderate intensity (six
      participants) the aerobic work capacity and the erythrocyte insulin binding
      increased by 19% and 28%, respectively. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) was not
      significantly reduced. A 2-week intensive physical training program (10
      participants) was associated with a 50% decrease of blood glucose values, which
      did not last beyond the training period. Plasma ketone bodies were markedly
      reduced. We conclude that young type 1 diabetics may participate in strenuous,
      short-term physical training. The improved aerobic work capacity and increased
      cellular insulin binding observed during training of moderate intensity is of
      potential benefit in the long-term management of the patients.

PMID- 3890129
TI  - Effect of serial test meals on plasma immunoreactive GIP in non-insulin dependent
      diabetic patients and non-diabetic controls.
AB  - Previous reports have shown considerable variation in postprandial gastric
      inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) response in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDD)
      patients. One reason for this may be the use of different GIP antisera. Employing
      antiserum R65, which specifically reacts with the 5000-dalton GIP, we
      investigated the plasma GIP response to serial test meals in 11 NIDD patients and
      11 age- and weight-matched non-diabetic controls. The postprandial GIP response
      was lower in the NIDD patients than in the non-diabetic controls (p less than
      0.05). Although the serum insulin concentrations did not differ between diabetic
      and non-diabetic subjects, the insulin to glucose ratio was lower in the
      diabetics than in the non-diabetic subjects (p less than 0.05) indicating some
      degree of relative insulin deficiency in the diabetic patients. The data suggest
      that the GIP secretory capacity may be impaired in NIDD patients. Whether the
      impairment of GIP secretion is associated with impaired insulin secretion
      requires further investigation.

PMID- 3890130
TI  - L-carnitine and haemodialysis: double blind study on muscle function and
      metabolism and peripheral nerve function.
AB  - Twenty-eight haemodialysis patients were randomized to L-carnitine, 2 g i.v.
      three times a week, and saline over a 6-week period. No obvious deficiency of
      carnitine was found in vastus lateralis with a median value of 12.9 mmol/kg dry
      weight; range 6.2-21.4. Female patients had lower total plasma carnitine compared
      to female controls, p less than 0.002, whereas no decrease was found in males. No
      relationship was found between muscle and total plasma carnitine. After carnitine
      administration the muscle carnitine level increased about 60%, p less than 0.01,
      and the total plasma carnitine level more than tenfold, whereas the initially
      high degree of acylation decreased, p less than 0.02. Maximum dynamic muscular
      strength was reduced with a mean value of 44% compared with healthy controls.
      Total metabolic activity of isolated skeletal muscle fibres, measured as heat
      production with a new technique using a perfusion microcalorimeter, showed a
      median value of 0.40 mW/g, 25% lower than normal, p less than 0.02. Carnitine
      administration had no effect on several different tests of muscular function.
      Neurophysiologically, discrete improvements in the temperature responses were
      recorded, but no changes in sensory and motor nerve conduction velocities or in
      vibration thresholds were noted. No symptomatic improvement was observed even in
      patients with the lowest carnitine levels prior to treatment. Our data do not
      support the hypothesis that carnitine deficiency contributes to muscle and nerve
      dysfunction in patients on chronic haemodialysis.

PMID- 3890131
TI  - Plasma lipoproteins, liver function and glucose metabolism in haemodialysis
      patients: lack of effect of L-carnitine supplementation.
AB  - The effects of L-carnitine administration (2 g i.v. three times weekly for 6
      weeks) were studied in a double blind trial comprising 2 X 14 patients on regular
      haemodialysis treatment. The initial plasma carnitine concentrations were normal
      in the male, but slightly lowered in the female participants and rose more than
      ten-fold in the patients receiving active treatment. The majority (15/28) of
      patients had moderate hypertriglyceridaemia, whereas plasma HDL cholesterol
      levels were normal. Activities of hepatic and lipoprotein lipase were decreased
      and fat tolerance impaired. The S-triiodothyronine and/or thyroxine levels were
      subnormal in 11 patients. Four patients had fasting hyperinsulinemia, and 6
      demonstrated abnormal B-glucose patterns after a peroral glucose load. The
      galactose elimination rate demonstrated moderately impaired hepatocyte function
      in four patients. No effects of carnitine treatment on any of the variables could
      be detected.

PMID- 3890132
TI  - Carnitine and left ventricular function in haemodialysis patients.
AB  - Left ventricular function was non-invasively studied in 28 randomly selected
      haemodialysis patients before and after administration of L-carnitine, 2 g i.v.
      three times per week or saline in a double blind designed study over a six-week
      period. Cardiac function variables showed no relationship to muscle (vastus
      lateralis) and plasma carnitine concentrations. No apparent deficiency in muscle
      carnitine was found, whereas total plasma carnitine was lower in female patients
      than in female controls, p less than 0.002. The echocardiographic left
      ventricular end-diastolic diameter was initially increased in about one third and
      the ejection fraction was depressed in about one fifth of the patients. An
      increased A:H ratio was found in 15%. Systolic time intervals were deranged in
      30% of the patients. After carnitine administration, marked increases of muscle
      and plasma carnitine levels were found, p less than 0.01, but no effects were
      recorded in any of the cardiac tests. Muscle carnitine increased from 14.6
      mmol/kg dry weight to a median of 23.7 mmol/kg. We found no support for the
      hypothesis that carnitine depletion is responsible for cardiac dysfunction in
      haemodialysis patients.

PMID- 3890133
TI  - Evidence of age-related variation in plasma vasopressin of normotensive men.
AB  - The influence of age on plasma arginine vasopressin was examined in three groups
      of healthy men, 25 +/- 1 (n = 12), 40 (n = 23) and 50 years of age (n = 13),
      respectively. The three groups were comparable in body height, weight, blood
      pressure, heart rate, serum and urine osmolality, electrolytes and endogenous
      creatinine clearance. Compared to the 25-year olds, the 50-year old men had more
      than three times higher basal plasma vasopressin (7.8 +/- 1.4 vs. 2.5 +/- 0.6
      ng/l, p less than 0.01), only one-third the plasma renin concentration (0.36 +/-
      0.05 vs. 1.10 +/- 0.33 G.U. X 10(-4)/ml, p less than 0.01) and a significantly
      higher plasma noradrenaline (267 +/- 21 vs. 199 +/- 19 ng/l, p less than 0.05)
      while plasma adrenaline remained essentially unchanged. The 40-year olds had
      intermediate plasma vasopressin concentrations (4.2 +/- 0.6 ng/l). Thus, age is a
      variable with a substantial effect on plasma concentrations of vasopressin in
      addition to the well-known effect on renin and noradrenaline. Age must be taken
      into account in further clinical studies on vasopressin.

PMID- 3890134
TI  - Host responses to bacteria and bacterial products in periodontal disease:
      immunosuppressive effects of periodontitis-related microorganisms?
AB  - Several recent investigations indicate that some patients with adult
      periodontitis have lowered serum antibody levels or reduced lymphoproliferative
      responses to certain periodontitis-related microorganisms. Many such patients
      tend to show increased responses after therapy. Some suggested mechanisms of such
      responses are reviewed and the possible significance of immunosuppressive effects
      of periodontitis-related microorganisms are briefly discussed.

PMID- 3890135
TI  - Subgingival microorganisms and bacterial virulence factors in periodontitis.
AB  - Considerable information has come forth in recent years on the pathogenic
      organisms in human periodontitis and the sequence of events by which they produce
      periodontal disease. Important periodontopathogens include Bacteroides
      gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.
      Virulence factors of B. gingivalis and B. intermedius may mainly involve enzymes
      with potential to interfere with host defenses and to disintegrate periodontal
      tissues. Pathogenic properties of A. actinomycetemcomitans appear predominantly
      to be exerted by leukotoxin and other noxious products.

PMID- 3890136
TI  - Support for and implications of the specific plaque hypothesis.
AB  - The role of specific microorganisms in dental caries is reviewed. A considerable
      amount of evidence supports the association between organisms of the
      Streptococcus mutans group and caries incidence and prevalence. The cariogenic
      potential of S. mutans is probably due to the unique combination of properties
      with which this microorganism is endowed. The pathogenic potential can be
      modified by changes in the environment. Lactobacilli play a major role in the
      development of a lesion. The specific plaque hypothesis has important
      implications because the association between S. mutans, lactobacilli and dental
      caries can be used in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the disease in
      groups of subjects as well as in the individual case.

PMID- 3890137
TI  - Effect of intravenous and intraduodenal administration of Escherichia coli
      endotoxin on the porcine pancreas as evaluated by changes in the serum cationic
      trypsin-like immunoreactivity.
AB  - In six pigs intravenous administration of Escherichia coli endotoxin caused
      septic shock and a significant increase in serum cationic trypsin-like
      immunoreactivity (CTLI), with activation of cationic trypsinogen to trypsin and
      formation of complexes between cationic trypsin, on the one hand, and alpha 2
      macroglobulin and alpha 1-antitrypsin, on the other, compatible with acute
      pancreatitis. In contrast, intraduodenal infusion of E. coli endotoxin to seven
      other pigs was without effect on the general circulation and on the serum CTLI.

PMID- 3890138
TI  - Effect of intravenously infused porcine GIP on serum insulin in obese and lean
      subjects studied with the hyperglycemic clamp technique.
AB  - To ascertain whether an altered sensitivity to gastric inhibitory polypeptide
      (GIP) in morbidly obese subjects can play a role in the postprandial
      hyperinsulinemia seen in this condition, eight obese and eight control subjects
      were studied with an intravenous infusion of porcine GIP. The blood glucose was
      maintained at 4 mmol/l above the basal level by a hyperglycemic clamp technique.
      Although the mean serum insulin level was higher in the obese group throughout
      the study, the shapes of the serum insulin curves were almost identical in the
      two groups after the GIP infusion. This together with the normal GIP secretion
      found in obese subjects question the existence of a causal relationship between
      an overactive entero-insular axis and the hyperinsulinemia found in these
      subjects.

PMID- 3890139
TI  - Effects of intravenously infused porcine GIP on serum insulin, plasma C-peptide,
      and pancreatic polypeptide in non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the fasting
      state.
AB  - Eight fasting patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDD) and six healthy
      controls were given an intravenous infusion of porcine gastric inhibitory
      polypeptide (GIP). During the GIP infusion mean plasma pancreatic polypeptide
      level increased significantly in both groups, whereas the mean serum insulin
      level increased in the NIDD group only, indicating a more important role for GIP
      in these patients than in healthy subjects.

PMID- 3890140
TI  - Effects of atropine on GIP-induced insulin and pancreatic polypeptide release in
      man.
AB  - Eight fasting students were given an infusion of porcine gastric inhibitory
      polypeptide (GIP) and glucose with or without atropine on two separate days. Mean
      serum insulin levels increased significantly and similarly on both occasions,
      indicating that both the glucose- and GIP-induced insulin release is unaffected
      by atropine. Plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP) rose significantly during the GIP
      infusion on the day without atropine, suggesting a role for GIP in the intestinal
      phase of the PP release.

PMID- 3890141
TI  - Sodium homeostasis after small-bowel resection.
AB  - In 16 small-bowel-resected patients, 8 with ileostomy and 8 with at least half of
      the colon in function, plasma volume, plasma aldosterone concentration, plasma
      renin activity, and the 4-day excretion of sodium and potassium in urine and
      stools were determined. Patients with ileostomy had a high faecal loss of sodium:
      85-181 (median, 149) mmol/24 h, and were all more or less sodium-depleted with
      decreased plasma volume of 1.4-2.5 (median, 2.0) l/175 cm (normal range, 2.3
      3.8l/175 cm), increased plasma aldosterone of 742-2250 (median, 1131) pg/ml
      (normal range, 33-220 pg/ml), and extremely low sodium excretion in the urine of
      0-3 (median, 1) mmol/24 h. Patients with similar small-bowel resection but with
      at least half of the colon in function had a much smaller faecal sodium loss of 1
      66 (median, 8) mmol/24 h. They showed significantly higher plasma volume, 2.2-3.7
      (median, 2.6) l/175 cm; normal plasma aldosterone, 25-232 (median, 124) pg/ml;
      and normal or almost normal sodium excretion in the urine, 49-168 (median, 118)
      mmol/24 h. Six jejunostomy patients, who sustained a normal or almost normal
      sodium balance thanks to parenteral saline, had intravenous infusion over 6 h of
      1000 ml isotonic sodium chloride with or without aldosterone added. During
      aldosterone infusion plasma aldosterone increased to the level in the sodium
      depleted ileostomy patients. Urinary sodium excretion decreased significantly.
      Stomal sodium loss did not change. It is concluded that small-bowel resection in
      ileostomized patients causes excessive faecal sodium loss and results in chronic
      sodium depletion with severe secondary hyperaldosteronism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3890142
TI  - Short-chain fatty acids in intestinal content of germfree mice monocontaminated
      with Escherichia coli or Clostridium difficile.
AB  - The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been analysed in coecal and small
      intestinal content of conventional (CONV) and germfree (GF) mice, in germfree
      mice monocontaminated with Escherichia coli (MEC) or Clostridium difficile (MCD),
      and in germfree mice conventionalized by the visitor technique (EXG). The total
      concentrations of SCFAs in coecal content, measured by gas chromatography, were
      (mean (SD), mmol/kg): CONV, 125.2 (32.9); GF, 1.02 (0.39); MEC, 6.88 (0.76); MCD,
      4.50 (0.12); and EXG, 115.6 (17.4). The concentrations of SCFAs were 3- to 25
      fold higher in the coecum than in the small intestine in CONV, MEC, and EXG mice
      (p less than 0.05). The fermentation patterns (that is, the relative composition
      of the acids) of E. coli and Cl. difficile were distinctively different under
      defined in vitro conditions and similar to those found in intestinal content of
      monocontaminated animals. Combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
      showed that Cl. difficile produced an unusual metabolite, 2-methylbutyric acid,
      in vitro and in vivo. The findings indicate that the fermentation patterns are
      closely related to the bacteria. Variations in the bacterial flora may be more
      important in determining the concentrations and patterns of SCFAs in intestinal
      content than variations in the intake of substrate for SCFAs formation as dietary
      fibre.

PMID- 3890143
TI  - Ultrasonic microdissection of rat cerebellum for scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - The cerebelli of rats were initially fixed with aldehydes (modified Karnovsky's
      fixative; 503 mOsM/L) by cardiac perfusion. Blocks of tissue were razor-cut,
      usually longitudinal to folia, and immersed in the same fluid for 2-4 hours.
      Three separate methods of treatment followed: (1) immersion in 1% aqueous boric
      acid, or (2) in 2% phosphate buffered OsO4 followed by boric acid or (3) in an
      8/2 mixture of boric acid and OsO4. After 18-48 hours immersion the blocks were
      dehydrated in ascending grades of acetone. They were then exposed to ultrasound
      in 100% acetone at frequencies of 80 kHz or 40 kHz for 10 to 20 minutes.
      Microdissection of cut surfaces (erosion) occurs after all three treatments. It
      is least extensive after boric acid, moderate after OsO4 and greatest after the
      combined mixture. All cerebellar cell types are recognizable as are numerous
      fibers according to morphology and position. Variable erosion accommodates
      analysis of different levels of neural organization. In general, structural
      situations not involving great depth of field are best revealed by H3BO3 or OsO4.
      Blood vascular relationships to other structures are best demonstrated in deeply
      eroded specimens.

PMID- 3890144
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy in retinal research.
AB  - The literature on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pertaining to the retina has
      been surveyed and described. The first two papers on SEM and retina appeared in
      1969. Most of the earlier studies concentrated on descriptions [by SEM alone, or
      with light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)] of the
      appearance of various retinae and retinal cells [fish, newt, primates, rodents
      and rabbits, bullfrog]; or embryology of the chick retina. Two papers dealt with
      retinal disease. In all there were 25 papers in SEM/retinal research before and
      in 1974. Since 1975 there have been 111 papers which have used SEM in retinal
      research in very many different fields and in diverse ways, viz: the morphology
      of the retina, specific retinal cells, and the retinal vessels; embryology;
      labelling of retinal cells with surface markers; naturally occurring and
      experimentally-induced retinal disease; the effects of light, including lasers
      and photocoagulation, and other radiation on the retina, and phagocytosis and the
      retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). There have also been a number of papers
      concerned with techniques for SEM, applicable to retinal research, and several
      review articles. SEM has proven to be a very valuable adjunct to TEM in retinal
      research and it has become an accepted and almost routine way of extending and
      enhancing reports on retinal research. Properly used, SEM provides a laconic way
      of presenting information that might otherwise require many serial sections and
      long explanations.

PMID- 3890145
TI  - Use of scanning electron microscopy to study structural-functional relationships
      in normal and diseased platelets.
AB  - This paper reviews the contribution of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to our
      understanding of platelet physiology and pathology. Observations of platelet
      shape changes which accompany activation and the ability to visualize and analyze
      platelet aggregation and adhesion in three dimensions make this experimental
      medium an important tool in the evaluation of healthy and diseased platelets.
      While SEM adds a valuable third dimension to the study of morphology and
      ultrastructure, its greatest contribution is realized when studies are correlated
      directly with light and/or transmission electron microscopic observations and
      with studies of functional capacity.

PMID- 3890146
TI  - William Lyell Ford 1936-1984.

PMID- 3890147
TI  - Urinary immunoglobulins in healthy individuals and children with acute
      pyelonephritis.
AB  - Urine samples obtained from children with acute pyelonephritis and from healthy
      children and adults were analysed with regard to the molecular form and specific
      antibody activity of urinary immunoglobulins. The urinary IgA and IgG levels were
      quantified in unconcentrated urine by radioimmunoassay. The children with urinary
      tract infection had significantly higher levels of IgG and IgA than age-matched
      controls but not higher than healthy adults. After tenfold concentration, the
      urine was fractionated on an Ultrogel AcA 22 column, and the IgA, secretory IgA,
      and IgG in the fractions were determined by radioimmunoassay. IgA in urine from
      healthy adults was predominantly represented by polymeric IgA linked to secretory
      component; small quantities of monomeric IgA were also present. IgG eluted in the
      position of the serum standard. Increased proportions of IgG and monomeric IgA
      were found in the infected patients. Specific antibody activity of the IgG and
      IgA classes to antigens of the infecting Escherichia coli strain was detected in
      whole and in fractionated urine from children with acute pyelonephritis. The
      specific antibody activity in healthy adults and children was low.

PMID- 3890148
TI  - Localization and turnover rate of rat renal 'dendritic' cells.
AB  - The turnover rate of rat renal dendritic cells was analysed by irradiation and
      bone marrow transplantation and by visualizing the dendritic cells in frozen
      sections of renal tissue via double indirect immunofluorescence and peroxidase
      assays. Interstitial dendritic cells disappear from rat renal tissue shortly
      after irradiation; after 7 days they can be seen again. However, since the renal
      proximal tubular cells also simultaneously lose and regain their class II
      contents, we assume that irradiation has resulted in the disappearance of the Ia
      antigen, not the dendritic cells proper. After allogeneic bone marrow
      transplantation, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells appear in renal tissue
      between days 7 and 10, indicating a relatively fast turnover rate of these cells
      in vivo.

PMID- 3890149
TI  - IgE-containing circulating immune complexes in Churg-Strauss vasculitis.
AB  - In five patients with vasculitis, hypereosinophilia, and elevated serum IgE
      levels a diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome was established. To identify a
      possible role of IgE in pathogenic mechanisms leading to the vasculitis, we
      performed a sequential precipitation of the patients' sera with different
      concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. Using a radio immunosorbent
      test, we tested the precipitates obtained for IgE. Considerable amounts of IgE
      were traced in the serum precipitates of all patients, especially after the
      second precipitation step (4.0% PEG). In contrast, no IgE-containing precipitates
      were detectable in sera from patients with different allergic diseases and high
      IgE serum levels. Together with an increase in C3d serum levels and the failure
      to demonstrate C1q-binding material in patients' sera, these data suggest the
      involvement of IgE-containing immune complexes in the pathogenesis of Churg
      Strauss vasculitis, activating the complement via the alternate pathway.

PMID- 3890150
TI  - Characterization of immunoregulatory cytokines produced by epidermal cells.
AB  - The epidermis has been identified as an important site for the initiation of
      immunological events. In addition to the macrophage-like Langerhans cells,
      keratinocytes within the epidermal cells have been shown to act as
      immunoregulatory cells through the secretion of cytokines such as epidermal cell
      derived thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF) and interleukin 3. Epidermal cell
      derived interleukin 3 (EC IL-3), like lymphocyte-derived IL-3, induced the
      proliferation of IL-3-dependent mast cell-like cell lines. Biochemically, EC IL-3
      was a heat-stable protein with a molecular weight of approximately 30 kD. Upon
      chromatofocusing, EC IL-3 exhibited three isoelectric points, at pI 7.8, 7.4, and
      7.1. Furthermore, an antiserum against IL-3 neutralized EC IL-3 activity,
      suggesting that the molecules are closely related and share similar epitopes.
      ETAF-like macrophage-derived interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a low molecular weight
      protein with a multiplicity of amplifying effects on immunological and
      inflammatory reactions. Thus BALB/c mice were immunized with partially purified
      IL-1, and immune spleen cells were hybridized with plasmocytoma cells.
      Supernatants of the hybridoma cultures were screened for their capacity to
      inhibit IL-1-induced thymocyte proliferation. After expansion and cloning, one
      clone was selected for ascitic antibody production. The monoclonal anti-IL-1
      antibody inhibited both the IL-1-dependent thymocyte and the fibroblast
      proliferation. Furthermore, the antibody blocked murine and human ETAF activity,
      suggesting that ETAF and IL-1 share antigenically similar domains. Moreover, by
      using the monoclonal antibody bound to Staphylococcus aureus cells, it was
      possible to immunoprecipitate IL-1. In contrast, anti-IL-1 antibody did not
      inhibit IL-2 or IL-3 activity. These findings demonstrate that the production of
      immunoregulatory cytokines is not confined to cells of the immune system and that
      keratinocytes through the production of ETAF and EC IL-3 may mediate inflammatory
      and hypersensitivity reactions. Furthermore, the monoclonal anti-IL-1 antibody
      may provide a useful tool for the development of new immunoassays to detect IL
      1/ETAF and thereby facilitate the investigation of the role of these cytokines
      during the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.

PMID- 3890151
TI  - The possibility of distinguishing a subset of antigen-presenting cells from
      macrophages by means of anti S-100 protein sera. Dermal infiltrate of lichen
      planus as a model.
AB  - Macrophages may be distinguished from interdigitating cells and from Langerhans
      cells in paraffin sections, the latter cells being positive when an antiserum
      against brain S-100 protein is used. This antiserum was utilized to conduct a
      retrospective analysis of 10 cases of lichen planus, including both early and
      late lesions. In addition, staining of macrophages was carried out by means of
      anti-lysozyme, anti-alpha-1-antitrypsin and anti-alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. The
      anti-S-100 protein staining by immunoperoxidase methods showed large numbers of
      positive cells. Few macrophages were noted in the early lesions, but the ratios
      were reversed in the older lesions, in which macrophages predominated over dermal
      S-100-positive cells. Both Langerhans cells-interdigitating cells and macrophages
      could play important roles in various cutaneous disorders. The involvement of
      Langerhans cells-interdigitating cells or, on the other hand, of macrophages
      could distinguish among different pathological processes. Even in different
      evolutionary stages of the same lesion, as lichen planus, a different Langerhans
      cells-interdigitating cells/macrophages ratio could be important in explaining
      the pathogenetic development of the disease.

PMID- 3890152
TI  - Antinucleic acid antibodies, gene expression, and autoimmune mice.

PMID- 3890153
TI  - Technical aspects of ANA determination.

PMID- 3890154
TI  - Quantitation of antibodies to ENA with an ELISA on polystyrene plates precoated
      with mBSA.

PMID- 3890155
TI  - Quantitation of anti-ENA antibodies by a modified ELISA in patients with SLE and
      MCTD.

PMID- 3890156
TI  - Antinuclear antibody determination: the present state of diagnostic and clinical
      relevance.
AB  - Determination of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) will gain in diagnostic
      significance if a specific type of ANA can be related to a defined clinical
      disorder. The past decade has brought us quite a lot of papers dedicated to this
      subject. Yet, with exception of the DNA/anti-DNA system, observed correlations
      have remained scarce or contradictory. Also, still little is known about the
      pathogenic role of ANA. Perhaps more recent approaches using biochemical
      technologies will provide us with highly purified nuclear antigens necessary to
      study possible correlations at a more sophisticated level.

PMID- 3890157
TI  - Clinical significance of antibodies against nuclear antigens as determined by
      immunoblotting.

PMID- 3890158
TI  - Antirheumatic drug treatment during pregnancy and lactation.

PMID- 3890159
TI  - A placebo-controlled trial of steroid injections in the treatment of
      supraspinatus tendonitis.
AB  - In this report of a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of steroid injections
      for supraspinatus tendonitis, there was no statistical difference in the
      improvement in pain score between the two groups at 2 and 8 weeks of follow-up or
      in analgesic consumption. This trial casts further doubt on the efficacy of such
      treatment in soft tissue lesions around the shoulder.

PMID- 3890160
TI  - Joint distension arthrography for disabling hip pain. A controlled clinical
      trial.
AB  - Thirty-eight patients (age 27-73 years) with unilateral hip pain, restricted
      movement of the hip joint and radiologically no or only slight osteoarthrosis
      were studied in a double-blind controlled clinical trial. Twenty-one patients
      received active treatment with hip joint distension arthrography and 17 received
      placebo treatment. All patients were assessed clinically on entry, the day after
      and 3 months after treatment. The incidences of subjective improvement were
      similar in the two groups. Apart from a slight deterioration in the treated group
      of hip flexion, abduction and lateral rotation at the one-day assessment, neither
      group showed any change in the registered movements of the hip joint compared
      with the assessment on entry. The measured intermalleolar distance at maximal
      straight-leg abduction was the sole variable which tended to increase (p = 0.05)
      3 months after active treatment. Thus, the therapeutic effect of a single
      treatment with joint distension seems to be dubious.

PMID- 3890161
TI  - The WHO/EURO man-made mineral fiber reference scheme. By the WHO/EURO Technical
      Committee for Monitoring and Evaluating MMMF.
AB  - At a consultation arranged by the World Health Organization's Regional Office for
      Europe in 1980 a reference method was specified for sampling and evaluating
      airborne dust samples collected in man-made mineral fiber (MMMF) workplaces. This
      method involves sampling onto a membrane filter and counting the fibers with the
      use of a phase contrast optical microscope (PCOM). The evaluation procedure has
      been tested by members of the WHO/EURO MMMF technical committee through a series
      of interlaboratory sample exchanges. The results from these trials have shown a
      consistent improvement in the reproducibility of MMMF counts, maximum systematic
      interlaboratory differences being reduced from 2.5 times to 1.4 times. This
      reduction has been achieved through harmonization of the subjective judgements
      made by microscopists. As this improved agreement was achieved, each laboratory's
      counting level changed; preliminary comparisons suggest that this occurrence
      would produce an approximately two- to threefold increase in the fiber
      concentrations reported during the epidemiology study of the Joint European
      Medical Research Board. Further work is currently being undertaken to quantify
      this change better. A reference method for sizing and counting airborne MMMF with
      a scanning electron microscope (SEM) has also been developed, and on the basis of
      preliminary experimental tests there has been some harmonization between the
      participating laboratories.

PMID- 3890162
TI  - Mica pneumoconiosis--a literature review.
AB  - Sixty-six cases of mica pneumoconiosis have been reported in the literature.
      Twenty-six of the cases suggest that pneumoconiosis may be caused by pure mica
      alone. In only six cases the diagnosis was based on clinical examination,
      radiography, and lung biopsy or autopsy results. In one of these six, doubt was
      raised by the authors about the purity of the mica exposure. Seven epidemiologic
      studies have been performed among mica-processing workers, and these studies are
      all cross-sectional. In addition 30 experimental investigations have been carried
      out. However, there are no controlled inhalation studies among them. The results
      from the intratracheal instillation studies do not give a unanimous conclusion as
      to whether pure mica is fibrogenic or not. Present knowledge suggests that pure
      mica is moderately toxic and may induce pneumoconiosis. Exposure to mica is
      usually associated with exposure to other minerals such as quartz and feldspar.

PMID- 3890163
TI  - Renal toxicity in uranium mill workers.
AB  - Although the kidney is the critical organ limiting occupational exposure to
      soluble uranium compounds, there have been no adequate studies evaluating renal
      tubular dysfunction in chronically exposed workers. The present investigation
      evaluated kidney function among 39 uranium mill workers and 36 local cement plant
      workers of equivalent age, sex, and race. The uranium workers showed a
      significantly higher excretion of beta-2-microglobulin and five amino acids than
      the reference group. Although the levels of tubular proteinuria were mild, a dose
      effect relation existed between the clearance of beta-2-microglobulin, relative
      to that of creatinine, and the length of time that the uranium workers had spent
      in the yellowcake drying and packaging area, the work area with the highest
      exposures to soluble uranium. Age did not account for this relationship.
      Glomerular function was significantly better among the uranium workers than among
      the referents, though this may have been the result of differences in the
      physical activity of the groups during the collection period. The data presented
      suggest reduced renal proximal tubular reabsorbtion of amino acids and of low
      molecular weight proteins, consistent with uranium nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 3890164
TI  - [Thallium scintigraphy of the thyroid as alternative procedure for the
      demonstration of functionally silent thyroid tissue].

PMID- 3890165
TI  - [Limitations of the clinical assessment of myocardial contractility].
AB  - The mechanical performance of the myocardium depends upon factors intrinsic to
      the myofibrils ("contractility") and upon the physicochemical conditions
      surrounding the cells ("inotropic state"). A precise description of cardiac
      muscle performance requires a knowledge of 4 variables: length, force, velocity
      and time. In vivo the problem is further complicated by the presence in the
      ventricle of spatio-temporal nonuniformities (activation sequence, fiber
      orientation) and by the fact that major determinants of the inotropic state, such
      as sympathetic tone, are hard to verify. The indices expected to reflect the
      tension-velocity-length relation of the myofibrils, either during isovolumic
      contraction (peak(+)dP/dt) or during ejection (end-systolic relations between
      pressure or stress and volume, relations between ejection fraction and stress)
      can generally detect acute changes in inotropic state. Up to now, however, none
      of these indices has been shown to be very sensitive in detecting basal
      alterations in contractility. Considering the practical and theoretical
      limitations on study of an intact ventricle, it would appear indispensable, if we
      want greater precision in detecting functional alterations of the myocardium, to
      supplement study of ventricular mechanics by biochemical and morphological
      analysis of the myocardium.

PMID- 3890166
TI  - [Steel-isosite bridges--a semipermanent temporary appliance in periodontics?].

PMID- 3890167
TI  - [Electron microscopy research on the dentin in recent, historical and prehistoric
      human teeth].

PMID- 3890168
TI  - [Experimental research on the effect of dental restoration materials on the
      growth of aerobic bacterial species and Candida albicans].

PMID- 3890169
TI  - [Cortical modulation of pain].

PMID- 3890170
TI  - [Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls].

PMID- 3890171
TI  - [Cyclosporin A: a new immunosuppressive peptide].

PMID- 3890172
TI  - [Advances in structure and function of thymic polypeptide hormone].

PMID- 3890173
TI  - [Posterior tibial syndrome: treatment with a high-frequency low-intensity
      current; controlled study].

PMID- 3890174
TI  - [Sport surgery yesterday and today].

PMID- 3890175
TI  - Fluorescence properties of insulin analogs with tryptophan substitutions.
AB  - The fluorescence properties of four insulin analogs with tryptophane
      substitutions, [L-Trp]A1 insulin, [D-Trp]A1 insulin, [L-Trp]B1 insulin and
      desPheB1 [L-Trp]B2 insulin, have been studied. The effect of pH on the
      fluorescence behaviours of the three L-Trp insulin analogs are similar to only
      one fluorescence intensity peak at pH 9. [D-Trp]A1 insulin shows two fluorescence
      intensity peaks, a main peak at pH 9.8 and a small peak at pH 5.5. The
      fluorescence quenching on the acid side of the pH approximately 9 peak is caused
      by protonation of the A1 alpha-amino group. The difference in A1 alpha-amino
      group pK values of these derivatives, the presence of a second pH-fluorescence
      peak for the D-Trp derivative and other differences reflect differences in
      molecular conformation of the two A1-insulin analogs which could form the basis
      of the pronounced differences in their biological activities.

PMID- 3890176
TI  - An overview of environmental and toxicological aspects of aromatic hydrocarbons.
      II. Toluene.
AB  - The salient aspects of the exposure to toluene were reviewed via an initial
      examination of the production, use, occurrence and disposition of toluene, as
      well as populations at potential risk. Special note should be taken as to the
      increasing use of toluene as a "safe" replacement for benzene in solvent
      applications and its increasing use in many consumer products. There is a broad
      potential for exposure by industrial workers and the general public (via vehicle
      exhausts and consumer products). The effects on humans and animals as well as the
      genetic effects of toluene were also reviewed following an initial consideration
      for its absorption and elimination. The narcotic and neurotoxic properties of
      toluene represent the main recognized health hazards to humans.

PMID- 3890177
TI  - Desperately seeking Salmonella in Illinois.

PMID- 3890178
TI  - Expression of the major surface antigen of Plasmodium knowlesi sporozoites in
      yeast.
AB  - The circumsporozite protein, a surface antigen of the sporozoite stage of the
      monkey malarial parasite Plasmodium knowlesi, was expressed in the yeast
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using an expression vector containing the 5'
      regulatory region of the yeast alcohol dehydrogenase I gene. It was necessary to
      eliminate the entire 5' upstream region of the parasite DNA to obtain the
      expression of this protein. Only the circumsporozoite precursor was produced by
      the yeast transformants, as detected by immunoblotting. About 55 and 20 percent
      of the circumsporozoite protein produced in yeast was associated wtih the 25,000
      g and 150,000 g particulate fractions, respectively. The protein could be
      solubilized in Triton X-100 and was stable in solubilized extracts.

PMID- 3890179
TI  - Modulation of the sis gene transcript during endothelial cell differentiation in
      vitro.
AB  - Endothelial cells, which line the interior walls of blood vessels, proliferate at
      the site of blood vessel injury. Knowledge of the factors that control the
      proliferation of these cells would help elucidate the role of endothelial cells
      in wound healing, tumor growth, and arteriosclerosis. In vitro, endothelial cells
      organize into viable, three-dimensional tubular structures in environments that
      limit cell proliferation. The process of endothelial cell organization was found
      to result in decreased levels of the sis messenger RNA transcript and increased
      levels of the messenger RNA transcript for fibronectin. This situation was
      reversed on transition from the organized structure to a proliferative monolayer.
      These results suggest a reciprocity for two biological response modifiers
      involved in the regulation of endothelial cell proliferation and differentiation
      in vitro.

PMID- 3890180
TI  - High-affinity uptake of serotonin into immunocytochemically identified
      astrocytes.
AB  - Primary cultures of astrocytes from neonatal rat brain were incubated with
      tritiated serotonin. After fixation they were stained by immunofluorescence for
      the astrocyte-specific marker glial fibrillary acidic protein and processed for
      autoradiography. Silver grain density was increased over cells positive for glial
      fibrillary acidic protein and was reduced to background levels when sodium was
      omitted from the medium or the specific inhibitors of serotonin uptake fluoxetine
      and chlorimipramine were present. The results indicate that mammalian astrocytes
      can take up serotonin by a sodium-dependent, high-affinity system previously
      thought to be the exclusive property of serotonergic nerve endings.

PMID- 3890181
TI  - The "spliceosome": yeast pre-messenger RNA associates with a 40S complex in a
      splicing-dependent reaction.
AB  - The in vitro splicing reactions of pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) in a yeast
      extract were analyzed by glycerol gradient centrifugation. Labeled pre-mRNA
      appears in a 40S peak only if the pre-mRNA undergoes the first of the two partial
      splicing reactions. RNA analysis after extraction of glycerol gradient fractions
      shows that lariat-form intermediates, molecules that occur only in mRNA splicing,
      are found almost exclusively in this 40S complex. Another reaction intermediate,
      cut 5' exon RNA, can also be found concentrated in this complex. The complex is
      stable even in 400 mM KCl, although at this salt concentration, it sediments at
      35S and is clearly distinguishable from 40S ribosomal subunits. This complex,
      termed a "spliceosome," is thought to contain components necessary for mRNA
      splicing; its existence can explain how separated exons on pre-mRNA are brought
      into contact.

PMID- 3890182
TI  - Natural plant chemicals: sources of industrial and medicinal materials.
AB  - Many higher plants produce economically important organic compounds such as oils,
      resins, tannins, natural rubber, gums, waxes, dyes, flavors and fragrances,
      pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. However, most species of higher plants have
      never been described, much less surveyed for chemical or biologically active
      constituents, and new sources of commercially valuable materials remain to be
      discovered. Advances in biotechnology, particularly methods for culturing plant
      cells and tissues, should provide new means for the commercial processing of even
      rare plants and the chemicals they produce. These new technologies will extend
      and enhance the usefulness of plants as renewable resources of valuable
      chemicals. In the future, biologically active plant-derived chemicals can be
      expected to play an increasingly significant role in the commercial development
      of new products for regulating plant growth and for insect and weed control.

PMID- 3890183
TI  - Virus scare halts hormone research.

PMID- 3890184
TI  - Naturally occurring antibodies reactive with sperm proteins: apparent deficiency
      in AIDS sera.
AB  - A set of naturally occurring immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies that are reactive
      with a defined subset of proteins in the acrosomal cap region of human sperm has
      been identified. These antibodies are present in a broad spectrum of human sera
      from males and females, 1 day to 40 years of age, and are absent or markedly
      deficient in a large proportion of sera from individuals with the acquired immune
      deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or at risk for AIDS. The subset of proteins with which
      the IgM antibodies are reactive includes a factor (or factors) capable of
      inhibiting lectin-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation. The prevalence of the sperm
      reactive IgM antibodies indicates that they are not elicited by sperm. Further,
      immunoreactivity of the sperm proteins resulting in depletion of specific
      circulating IgM antibodies, or other interactions between the sperm proteins and
      elements of the immune system, may be a factor in the suppressed state of the
      immune system in AIDS.

PMID- 3890185
TI  - [Comparative study on the effectiveness of early functional treatment using
      special shoes following surgery of ruptures of fibular ligaments].

PMID- 3890186
TI  - [Reconstruction of the cruciate ligament with special reference to synthetic
      substitute materials].

PMID- 3890188
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance in oncology.
AB  - The application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to the diagnosis
      of cancer was first explored by Damadian, who proposed that benign and malignant
      tissues could be differentiated on the basis of characteristic differences in
      spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation times (T1 and T2) as determined in vitro
      with NMR spectrometers. Damadian's thesis was very controversial and never gained
      widespread acceptance. Not all investigators were able to confirm his findings.
      Moreover, it was improbable that NMR would ever play an important role in the
      diagnosis of malignancy as long as biopsy was necessary to obtain material for
      analysis. However, the potential usefulness of NMR in oncology was enhanced
      considerably by the work of Lauterbur, who showed that NMR signals could be
      spatially encoded to produce images of the examined object. NMR imaging has made
      feasible the measurement of the T1 and T2 of lesions without biopsy.
      Unfortunately, initial efforts at characterizing tissues by in vivo determination
      of proton relaxation times have yielded disappointing results. Nonetheless, NMR
      imaging will be a powerful tool for evaluating patients with malignant disease
      because of the unique anatomic information it can provide without exposure of the
      patient to ionizing radiation. In vivo NMR spectroscopy of 31P and other
      sensitive nuclei may add a new dimension to clinical and experimental oncology.

PMID- 3890187
TI  - Radio-iodobenzylguanidine for the scintigraphic location and therapy of
      adrenergic tumors.
AB  - Radioiodinated meta-iodobenzylguanidine, a recently developed
      radiopharmaceutical, has been shown to permit safe, noninvasive, sensitive, and
      specific scintigraphic location of pheochromocytomas of all types. The technique
      is especially efficacious in the case of extraadrenal primary lesions and locally
      recurrent and metastatic tumors. In addition to being taken up by
      pheochromocytomas, meta-iodobenzylguanidine may be used to image neuroblastomas,
      nonfunctioning paragangliomas, and carcinoid tumors. Lesions with high 131I-meta
      iodobenzylguanidine uptake may respond to treatment with large doses of this
      radiopharmaceutical.

PMID- 3890189
TI  - Circulating and bone marrow immunoglobulin-secreting cells in patients with
      monoclonal gammopathies. A simple and reliable marker for a B-cell function.

PMID- 3890190
TI  - Platelets and megakaryocytes. I. Comments and dedication to Arvid Hellem.

PMID- 3890191
TI  - Clinical aspects of antiplatelet therapy.

PMID- 3890192
TI  - Cancer from a biobehavioural and social epidemiological perspective.
AB  - Malignant neoplasm should not be viewed as a 'psychogenic' nor as a 'primarily
      organic' disease but as an interaction of various forces, in which psychosocial
      factors may play an important role. To understand the increase in neoplastic
      disease, which has taken place in this century, requires a theoretical framework
      including social, psychosocial and behavioural dimensions, as well as the
      endocrine and immunologic mechanisms acting as pathogenic pathways. Recent
      theoretical developments in health psychology and allied disciplines on coping
      behaviour and social support should be integrated into biomedical models of the
      aetiology, pathogenesis and clinical course of malignant neoplasia. Environmental
      stressors, as well as mediating variables at the cognitive, affective,
      behavioural and physiological levels of adaptation, are suggested as major
      components of a model of multidimensional pathology. A growing body of research
      on the role of psychosocial factors in adjustment to cancer and its treatment has
      contributed new insights into possible variables and causal mechanisms which may
      be relevant in the aetiology of the disease. Closeness to parents in childhood
      and the ability to form close interpersonal relationships in later adult life
      very possibly influence the ability of the individual to cope effectively with
      environmental stressors prior to neoplastic disease and with the considerable
      stresses of being a cancer patient subsequent to diagnosis and treatment.
      Pathogenic pathways for future investigation include mental health variables,
      such as self-esteem and sense of control, at the psychological level and immunity
      surveillance at the biological. An integration and cross-fertilization of current
      work in the aetiology of and adjustment to cancer is suggested linking
      psychosomatic and somatopsychic models.

PMID- 3890193
TI  - Factors important to psychosocial adjustment to cancer: a review of the evidence.
AB  - Systematic observations have revealed that cancer patients experience a wide
      array of emotional reactions. Because of limited helping resources, as well as
      the possibility of prevention, it would be useful to identify those cancer
      patients at risk for the development of significant psychiatric difficulties and
      psychosocial maladjustment. Many investigators have proposed, but not
      substantiated factors which seem to be associated with such problems following
      cancer diagnosis. This report reviews clinically noted or theoretically-derived
      factors which have been tested empirically for relationships with various aspects
      of psychosocial adjustment. Certain specific cancer sites have been noted to be
      associated with psychosocial problems. A specific biological basis for
      psychiatric problems associated with certain diseases has been proposed for
      multiple myeloma, lung tumors and pancreatic cancer. A number of chemotherapy
      agents are now recognized as accounting for presumed psychiatric symptoms. While
      studies relating age, sex, marital or socioeconomic status with psychosocial
      problems have found no consistent associations, social support has been
      demonstrated as a significant factor in adjustment to cancer. Studies of the
      relation of adaptation and the patient's psychological situation such as degree
      of pessimism or anxiety, personality characteristics, prior experience with the
      death of a close friend or relative or religious beliefs have been inconclusive.
      Many studies have used measures of questionable external validity and others
      employed unvalidated subjective ratings. It is only recently that there are
      instruments considered reliable and valid for research in this area and even
      these instruments have not been extensively validated. Finally, this paper
      reviews several major design problems which have impaired identification of
      predictive variables and provides suggestions for future research.

PMID- 3890194
TI  - The quality of life of cancer patients: a review of the literature.
AB  - In recent years the necessity of including quality of life (QL) measurement in
      cancer research has been stressed. In this paper an overview is given of the
      results of studies into the QL of cancer patients. From descriptive studies it
      appears that the quality of certain domains of life is impaired by cancer
      treatment. Results from studies in which two or more groups of cancer patients
      are being compared are not consistent. The expectation that the QL of patients is
      impaired more negatively by certain treatment modalities is confirmed in some
      studies but not in several others. Even the assumption that the QL of cancer
      patients is worse than the QL of the normal population is not substantiated. In
      this paper explanations for these unexpected results are forwarded. First, the
      definition and operationalization of the concept QL differs from one study to
      another. QL may either refer to an overall evaluation or to the evaluation of
      certain domains of life, and, either to the subjective experience of the patient
      or the evaluation of the situation by others. Secondly, other methodological
      difficulties especially with respect to reliability, validity and design are
      described. Finally, it is suggested that psychological mechanisms may account for
      the absence of differences between cancer patients and others and may therefore,
      on theoretical grounds, explain the established inconsistencies.

PMID- 3890195
TI  - [How to make the diagnosis of alcoholic cirrhosis?].

PMID- 3890196
TI  - [History of asylum keepers from the old regime to the popular front].

PMID- 3890197
TI  - Human insulin: a double-blind clinical study of its effectiveness.
AB  - Over a two-year period, 88 patients were evaluated in a double-blind study of
      human insulin (recombinant DNA origin) and Iletin II pork insulin. Patient follow
      up was done throughout the program by glycohemoglobin assays and self-monitoring
      of blood glucose levels. The C peptides were studied before and after a test meal
      of Sustacal. Insulin antibody determinations were made regularly. Dietary
      management was supervised throughout the study.

PMID- 3890198
TI  - Direct fetal therapy: the multidisciplinary team concept.
AB  - A multidisciplinary medical and surgical team is essential to direct fetal
      therapy. This group of skilled specialists is usually available only in
      university hospitals. Through the use of recently developed technology and a high
      degree of skill, the team composed of nonphysician and physician members can
      detect, evaluate, and occasionally treat affected patients. Through research,
      education,aand communication, the team endeavors to meet the need for direct
      fetal therapy in life-threatening malformations.

PMID- 3890199
TI  - Disguises of delirium.
AB  - In four patients, each of whom displayed overt signs and symptoms of a delirious
      state, the delirium was overlooked. We describe in detail the features of
      delirium because this syndrome is protean in its etiology and clinical
      presentations. It can be life-threatening, and it may not be recognized because
      the behavioral correlates are often attributed to a functional disorder.

PMID- 3890200
TI  - Value of ultrasonography, fine needle aspiration, and percutaneous drainage of
      perinephric abscesses.
AB  - With the advent of ultrasonography, perinephric fluid collection can be easily
      diagnosed and confirmed by fine needle aspiration. In the past these cases
      sometimes went undiagnosed for several months. We did fine needle aspiration
      under the guidance of ultrasonography in 16 patients without complications. The
      aspirant in 12 patients was purulent, confirming the diagnosis of perinephric
      abscess. In the remaining four the aspirated fluid was nonpurulent and the
      diagnosis was urinoma or hematoma. Percutaneous drainage was established in five
      of the 12 patients. The technique is safe and easy to perform, and may be the
      only treatment necessary in selected cases, thus avoiding unnecessary surgery and
      prolonged hospitalization.

PMID- 3890201
TI  - DIgital intravenous subtraction angiography for investigating renovascular
      hypertension: comparison with hypertensive urography.
AB  - We used digital intravenous subtraction angiography (DSA) to evaluate 105
      patients with suspected renovascular hypertension. Unilateral renal artery
      stenoses were identified in 14 patients, two of whom had previously had
      contralateral nephrectomy. In addition, one of three renal transplant recipients
      was found to have stenosis of the nutrient artery. Bilateral renal artery
      stenosis was demonstrated by DSA in three patients. Of the 88 patients who had
      concomitant minute sequence (hypertensive) urography (HIVP) delayed excretion
      suggested a renal artery lesion in only 8 patients. In the group of 88 patients,
      HIVP was able to detect renal artery stenosis in only 50% (eight of the 16) of
      patients whose stenosis was detected by DSA. When the patients with a single
      kidney are excluded, HIVP showed 62% (eight of 13) of the lesions detected by
      DSA. There were no significant complications in the patients examined by either
      modality. DSA has replaced HIVP as the screening examination for renovascular
      causes of hypertension in our institution.

PMID- 3890202
TI  - Isoniazid interactions.
AB  - Isoniazid is an antituberculous drug that is usually administered for nine to 12
      months. The potential for clinically important interactions exists because this
      drug is a potent inhibitor of drug metabolism. Studies and case reports have
      shown that isoniazid inhibits the metabolism of several drugs, including
      phenytoin, carbamazepine, anticoagulants, benzodiazepines, and vitamin D.
      Furthermore, isoniazid inhibits both monoamine oxidase and diamine oxidase
      (histaminase). Additional study is required to document the clinical significance
      of other isoniazid interactions. Future investigations will identify new
      isoniazid interactions.

PMID- 3890203
TI  - Reginald Fitz and appendicitis.

PMID- 3890204
TI  - [Lenin on defending the socialist fatherland and protecting the health of the
      Armed Forces].

PMID- 3890205
TI  - [Organizers of surgical services during World War II].

PMID- 3890206
TI  - [The Slovak national uprising and public health problems].

PMID- 3890207
TI  - [Medical workers' trade union in occupational health care in the Bashkir ASSR in
      the 1930s and 1950s].

PMID- 3890208
TI  - [P.N. Sharoi, director of the Elisavetgrad medical and surgical school].

PMID- 3890209
TI  - [Memoirs of I.A. Mitropol'skii, military physician and democrat].

PMID- 3890210
TI  - [A prominent Russian surgeon and scientist, P.P. Zablotskii-Desiatovskii].

PMID- 3890211
TI  - [History of blood transfusion].

PMID- 3890212
TI  - The comparative biomechanical, histologic, and radiographic analysis of canine
      lumbar discs treated by surgical excision or chemonucleolysis.
AB  - Previous experimental studies on the canine intervertebral disc treated with
      chemonucleolysis have shown encouraging results in preserving normal histologic,
      biomechanical, and radiographic disc appearance. These observations suggest that
      chemonucleolysis may have significant advantages over surgical disc excision in
      preserving normal function of the lumbar vertebral motion segment. An
      experimental canine study was devised to examine and compare the short and long
      term effects of chemonucleolysis and surgical disc excision on the entire lumbar
      motion segment to determine if one treatment modality is superior to the other in
      providing better maintenance of motion segment function. Twenty adult beagle dogs
      underwent anterior laparotomy. In ten dogs, Chymodiactin was injected into the L4
      5 disc and in the remaining ten, routine surgical discectomies were performed on
      the L4-5 disc. Preoperative and presacrifice lateral radiographs were obtained.
      All dogs were allowed to exercise freely. Five dogs that received Chymodiactin
      (Group A) and five dogs that had surgical excisions (Group B) were killed six
      weeks postoperatively. Five months postoperatively, five dogs given Chymodiactin
      (Group C) and 5 having surgery (Group D) were also killed. Mechanical testing was
      performed on each treated disc sample with a modified MTS machine (MTS Systems
      Corp., Minneapolis, MN). Axial compression, bending, shear, and torsion were
      assessed in ten modes. Stiffness values for each mode were calculated. Following
      the biomechanical tests, the facet joints and the disc with the adjacent endplate
      were removed intact and analyzed histologically and with high resolution
      radiography. Six-week biomechanical testing revealed a 50% loss of torsional
      stiffness, as well as loss of anterior and medial-lateral shear stiffness in the
      chemonucleolysis group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3890213
TI  - [Use of noninvasive examination methods in injuries of the spleen and liver].

PMID- 3890214
TI  - [Gout--overview of history, present and future].

PMID- 3890215
TI  - [Double-blind evaluation comparing CS-600 (loxoprofen sodium) and indomethacin in
      the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3890217
TI  - Pancreatic polypeptide response to exercise. Effect of alanine and glucose
      ingestion in carbohydrate-starved athletes.
AB  - Human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) secretion in response to 90 minutes of
      exercise before and after the ingestion of 50 g glucose or 50 g L-alanine in 33
      carbohydrate-starved athletes was examined. There was a very marked increase in
      plasma hPP concentration with exercise under these circumstances, despite
      previous reports that the hPP response to exercise is eliminated by training.
      Glucose and alanine ingestion had no effect on hPP either before or after
      exercise. This differentiates hPP from other hormones in which secretion is
      increased by exercise in carbohydrate-depleted subjects.

PMID- 3890216
TI  - Tiapamil--a new calcium antagonist.
AB  - Calcium antagonists are an important new modality in cardiovascular therapy.
      Tiapamil, a congener of verapamil, is undergoing clinical and laboratory
      evaluation. We have undertaken experimental studies on the anti-arrhythmic
      properties of tiapamil, and on the intravenous use of this agent in patients with
      acute myocardial infarction. Reasons are given for suggesting that tiapamil
      warrants further clinical evaluation, after which it may join the more
      established calcium antagonists as a valuable therapeutic agent.

PMID- 3890218
TI  - C-reactive protein. Properties and biological action with particular reference to
      systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - A dramatic increase in serum C-reactive protein levels occurs in response to
      specific bacterial infection or tissue damage. This protein forms part of the
      acute-phase response, and it appears to function as an independent but relatively
      nonspecific part of the immune response. It has many properties in common with
      specific IgG. Absence of an adequate C-reactive protein response may play a role
      in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3890219
TI  - Famous physicians-botanists.
AB  - Two hundred years ago a group of physicians laid the foundations of botany with
      their study of plants for medicinal purposes. Linnaeus of Sweden devised the
      binomial classification of plants, which is still in use today. Boerhaave of
      Leyden revitalized bedside teaching and was a major influence in the English
      speaking medical schools. Sloane founded the still-existing Physic Garden in
      London; his natural history collection formed the foundation of the British
      Museum. Withering prepared digitalis from the purple foxglove and wrote a
      standard work on the cultivation of vegetables. The gardenia and poinsettia are
      named after New World physician-botanists Alexander Garden and Joel Poinsett.
      Swedish physicians Sparrman and Thunberg, pupils of Linnaeus, were the major and
      original describers of the Cape flora. Atherstone of Grahamstown--the first
      doctor to use a general anaesthetic (ether) outside America and Europe--is a 19th
      century example of the naturalist physician as an ardent botanist; he was also a
      geologist and identified the first diamond found in South Africa.

PMID- 3890220
TI  - In vivo and in vitro chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in Venda. A case
      report.
AB  - A Venda child with Plasmodium falciparum malaria had a recurrence of illness 3
      weeks after an adequate course of chloroquine. She was treated again with
      chloroquine and improved clinically but had persistent asexual parasitaemia
      during the 9 days after completion of the second course of treatment. At this
      stage chloroquine-resistant malaria was suspected but she was treated again with
      chloroquine in higher dosage, as alternative antimalarial drugs were not
      available locally. The patient recovered clinically, her parasitaemia cleared,
      and she showed no side-effects. Although not routinely recommended, a higher dose
      of chloroquine may be a useful option when alternative antimalarial drugs are not
      readily available. Chloroquine resistance was confirmed by Rieckmann's in vitro
      method, which showed complete inhibition of schizont development in the presence
      of 16 pmol chloroquine base per well instead of 6 pmol or less as seen with
      sensitive strains. This case is the first reported of proven chloroquine
      resistant malaria acquired in the RSA. This single case does not indicate the
      existence of a drug-resistant malaria problem in the RSA but points to a need for
      clinical vigilance and for appropriate surveillance.

PMID- 3890221
TI  - Adult tethered cord syndrome. A case report.
AB  - A patient with adult onset of the tethered cord syndrome is described. The
      significance of the clinical presentation and the myelographic and computed
      tomographic findings are discussed.

PMID- 3890222
TI  - "That blessed sleep". Thoughts on the history of anaesthesia.

PMID- 3890223
TI  - Women at risk for gonorrhea: comparison of rosaramicin and ampicillin plus
      probenecid in the eradication of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and
      genital mycoplasmas.
AB  - Rosaramicin is a macrolide antibiotic with activity against Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and the genital mycoplasmas Ureaplasma
      urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis. Its efficacy in the treatment of genital
      infections was evaluated and compared with that of single-dose ampicillin plus
      probenecid in women with known, or suspected, uncomplicated gonococcal infection.
      Isolation rates for N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, U. urealyticum, and M.
      hominis were 72%, 44%, 95%, and 65%, respectively. Rosaramicin cured 24 (89%) of
      27 gonococcal infections and 11 (92%) of 12 chlamydial infections. It transiently
      reduced the carriage of U. urealyticum but had little effect on carriage of M.
      hominis. Rosaramicin may be of value in the treatment of concurrent gonococcal
      and chlamydial infections when tetracycline is contraindicated.

PMID- 3890224
TI  - Use of Kova-Slide II with grid and uncentrifuged segmented urine specimens in the
      diagnosis of nongonococcal urethritis: a quantitative technique.
AB  - An attempt was made to use uncentrifuged segmented urine specimens and Kova-Slide
      II with grid as a quantitative technique for the diagnosis of nongonococcal
      urethritis. Of the 100 men with urethral symptoms, 54 had fewer than five
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes per high-power field (x1000) in their gram-stained
      urethral smear. On the basis of examination of segmented urine and Kova-Slide
      test, 41 of these 54 patients were diagnosed as having nongonococcal urethritis.
      None of the 13 patients considered to be free of urethritis on the basis of
      segmented urine tests had a Chlamydia trachomatis--positive culture, and all
      became asymptomatic without treatment. All 46 patients who had more than five
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes per high-power field (x1000) also had positive
      segmented urine tests. The rate of isolation of C. trachomatis was similar for
      both groups of tests. This study revealed that patients with lower
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts in the first 10 ml of urine passed (voided
      bladder urine 1) also had cultures positive for C. trachomatis. None of the 50
      patients in the control group had polymorphonuclear leukocytes in either voided
      bladder urine 1 or in the midstream specimen (voided-bladder urine 2). All
      controls had cultures negative for C. trachomatis.

PMID- 3890225
TI  - Use of gonococcal W serogrouping in the evaluation of a clinical trial of
      rosoxacin.
AB  - Serogrouping by co-agglutination was used for the characterization of isolates of
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a clinical trial of rosoxacin in Stockholm. Twenty-four
      isolates (56%) belonged to serogroup WI, 17 (40%) to WII, and two (5%) to WIII.
      The proportion of WI isolates in Stockholm was reported in earlier studies to be
      approximately 40%. On the basis of serogrouping data and clinical information,
      five (10%) of 48 patients in this study were classified as therapeutic failures.
      Of the initial WI isolates, 22 (92%) of 24 were inhibited by less than or equal
      to 0.03 microgram of rosoxacin/ml, as compared with ten (59%) of 17 of the
      initial WII isolates (.05 greater than P greater than .01). Thus, this study
      might underestimate the failure rate as compared with that for patient
      populations in which WII isolates are more prevalent, since WI isolates are more
      susceptible to rosoxacin than WII isolates. A certain WII serovar was correlated
      with decreased susceptibility to rosoxacin (P less than .001). Correlations were
      found between decreased susceptibility to rosoxacin and decreased susceptibility
      to other antibiotics (P less than or equal to .01). A high frequency of side
      effects (40%) was seen among the patients studied.

PMID- 3890226
TI  - Establishing Chlamydia trachomatis isolation capability in a local laboratory.
AB  - A system for the culture and identification of Chlamydia trachomatis was
      established in a local health department laboratory. The McCoy cell-cycloheximide
      procedure was adopted with use of on-site monolayer production and iodine
      staining. Several procedural modifications were analyzed for sensitivity,
      including two-vial vs. one-vial inoculation, overnight refrigeration vs.
      immediate inoculation of the monolayer, and use of transport media with
      vancomycin (100 micrograms/ml) vs. transport media without vancomycin. Costs
      associated with establishing and maintaining this procedure over a one-year
      period were documented. Inoculation of two monolayers improved sensitivity only
      slightly (87/292 vs. 85/292). Loss in sensitivity following overnight
      refrigeration of the sample was approximately 7%; 42 of 45 positive cultures were
      detected. Addition of 100 micrograms of vancomycin/ml to the transport media
      increased apparent sensitivity from 27.4% to 29.6% among females with gonorrhea.
      The cost was $.06 per culture. On the basis of this information, cultures for
      isolation of C. trachomatis are now offered to our clinic for sexually
      transmitted diseases as well as to some private physicians and clinics. We are
      using one-vial inoculation of a specimen transported in sucrose-phosphate buffer
      containing 100 micrograms vancomycin/ml. The specimen is either cultured
      immediately or snap frozen at -77 C.

PMID- 3890227
TI  - The outcome of single-dose cefuroxime treatment in patients with pharyngeal
      gonorrhea.
AB  - This study of single-dose cefuroxime treatment of pharyngeal gonorrhea included
      13 patients from whose throat specimens taken on the day of treatment Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae was isolated and who returned for follow-up examinations one and two
      weeks later. The regimen used was cefuroxime (1.5 g im) plus probenecid (1 g
      orally). The treatment failed in six patients (46%). Failure of treatment was not
      associated with decreased in vitro susceptibility of the infecting strain to
      cefuroxime. In pharyngeal gonorrhea the diagnosis by culture and effective
      control of treatment require repeated sampling for bacteriologic examinations.

PMID- 3890228
TI  - Efficacy of gentamicin and kanamycin in the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal
      urethritis in Zambia.
AB  - As a result of the sudden increase in the incidence of penicillinase-producing
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) from 3.2% in 1980 to 25% in 1982 at a sexually
      transmitted disease clinic in Lusaka, Zambia, an open clinical trial comparing
      single-dose gentamicin (280 mg) and kanamycin (2 g) was performed; the drugs were
      administered intramuscularly to male patients with gonococcal urethritis.
      Gentamicin was given to 302 men, 220 of whom were followed for two weeks.
      Kanamycin was given to 113 men, 89 of whom were followed for the same interval.
      Cure rates of 98% and 95%, respectively, were obtained. Both drugs were well
      tolerated, with no adverse reactions. All isolates were screened for
      penicillinase production by the rapid iodometric method; the incidence of PPNG
      was 41.0%. In view of the high incidence of PPNG associated with failures of
      penicillin treatment, this drug is no longer useful in situations like that
      studied here. Since gentamicin and kanamycin have proved to be effective, they
      are now recommended for the treatment of gonococcal urethritis in Zambia.

PMID- 3890230
TI  - Fifty years ago.

PMID- 3890229
TI  - Prophylaxis with lymecycline in induced first-trimester abortion: a clinical,
      controlled trial assessing the role of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma
      hominis.
AB  - A clinical, controlled trial was performed to study the effect of prophylaxis
      with lymecycline and the role of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma hominis in
      postabortal genital infection. Of 532 women who were to undergo first-trimester
      abortion, 269 were randomized to treatment with oral lymecycline (300 mg bid)
      starting 2 days before the abortion and continuing for a total of 7 days, and 263
      were randomized to placebo treatment. The rate of postabortal infection was 9.3%
      in the antibiotic group and 9.5% in the placebo group, an insignificant
      difference (P greater than .8). The presence of C. trachomatis in the
      cervix/urethra at the time of abortion showed a significant association with the
      occurrence of postabortal infection (P less than .005), but there was no
      correlation between the effect of treatment and the presence of infection (P
      greater than .4). The presence of M. hominis, a history of pelvic inflammatory
      disease, maternal age, gestational age, the number of births, spontaneous and
      induced abortion, and the Hegar number showed no significant association with
      postabortal infection (all P values greater than .05). It is recommended that
      women who are to undergo induced abortion be examined for the presence of C.
      trachomatis and treated, as they constitute a risk group.

PMID- 3890231
TI  - Characteristics of the longest job for new retired workers: findings from the New
      Beneficiary Survey.
AB  - This article describes the duration and type of employment, occupational and
      industrial classification, and pension coverage associated with the longest job
      ever held by new social security retired-worker beneficiaries and nonretired
      persons enrolled only for Medicare. The Medicare-only enrollees usually had their
      retired-worker benefits withheld because their earnings exceeded exempt amounts
      under the social security earnings test. They were more likely to be self
      employed and to be in executive, administrative, managerial, or professional
      occupations. By contrast, new retired-worker beneficiaries closely resembled the
      general labor force with respect to occupation, industry, and employer type.
      Persons who claimed benefits before age 65 differed from older retirees in that
      they were more likely to be in service and blue-collar occupations and less
      likely to be self-employed. Both sexes increased their pension coverage between
      the late 1960's and the early 1980's. By the latter period, the majority of
      retired workers reported employee pension coverage and, of those covered, most
      received a monthly benefit. Fewer women than men indicated pension coverage.
      Married women who retired early were least likely to indicate pension coverage
      and, when covered, were more likely than other retirees to report the receipt of
      a lump sum payment in lieu of monthly payments.

PMID- 3890232
TI  - Doppler identification of in situ vein graft arteriovenous fistulas.
AB  - Accurate identification of vein graft fistulas was confirmed by correlation of
      Doppler findings with intraoperative arteriograms in 25 consecutive instances. We
      recommend use of this simple method to all those performing in situ bypass
      procedures.

PMID- 3890233
TI  - The fatal wound of General Braddock.

PMID- 3890234
TI  - Urologic considerations in renal transplantation.

PMID- 3890235
TI  - The immunobiology of human gliomas.

PMID- 3890236
TI  - Immunomodulatory peptides and the central nervous system.

PMID- 3890237
TI  - The endothelium--astrocyte immune control system of the brain.

PMID- 3890238
TI  - Characterization and distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in multiple
      sclerosis plaques versus autoimmune demyelinating lesions.

PMID- 3890239
TI  - T cell approach to demyelinating diseases.

PMID- 3890240
TI  - Mechanical factors in abdominal wound closure: the prevention of fascial
      dehiscence.
AB  - The incidence of fascial disruption after major abdominal operations is 1% to 3%,
      and dehiscence is associated with a mortality rate of 15% to 20%. Although
      several systemic factors (e.g., malnutrition, increased age, male sex, and
      chronic treatment with steroids) have been associated with an increased risk of
      wound disruption, their clinical importance has been overstated. Local,
      mechanical factors such as wound infections, abdominal distention, and pulmonary
      complications appear to be more important and should be prevented or treated
      aggressively should they occur. Paramedian wounds are less secure than are
      midline wounds, but the latter, when closed properly, are probably equivalent to
      transverse wounds. The peritoneum need not be closed, but the fascia should be
      sutured securely. Monofilament suture materials are preferred, and the continuous
      suturing technique has theoretic and practical advantages. Retention sutures are
      unnecessary if the fascia is closed properly, and the wound itself should not be
      violated by a drain or stoma. Although fascial dehiscence may not be eliminated,
      its incidence can certainly be reduced with proper attention to the mechanics of
      fascial closure.

PMID- 3890241
TI  - Preoperative percutaneous transhepatic internal drainage in obstructive jaundice:
      a randomized, controlled trial examining renal function.
AB  - Thirty patients with obstructive jaundice with plasma bilirubin values greater
      than 200 mumol/L were randomized at the time of percutaneous transhepatic
      Cholangiography to undergo immediate or delayed surgery. The patients who had
      preoperative percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) for 13.8 +/- 5.8
      days had fewer surgical complications than did patients who underwent immediate
      surgery (p less than 0.02), although when the complications of PTBD were included
      this advantage was diminished. Immediate surgery caused greater deterioration of
      renal function as measured by plasma urea, plasma B 2-microglobulin, phosphate
      clearance, uric acid clearance, and maximal concentrating ability than occurred
      after PTBD or delayed surgery. The improvement in phosphate clearance that
      followed PTBD was sustained through delayed surgical treatment, indicating better
      tubular function in these patients. This article supports the concept that
      preoperative PTBD will reduce surgical morbidity and will result in less renal
      impairment than will immediate surgery. However, the morbidity rates of the PTBD
      procedure will preclude its wide use.

PMID- 3890242
TI  - Pancreatitis after cardiac and cardiopulmonary transplantation.
AB  - In a review of 176 patients who died after either cardiac or cardiopulmonary
      transplantation, 15 cases of pancreatitis were identified. The diagnosis was
      clinically inapparent in 11 of the 15 cases of pancreatitis. A high index of
      suspicion should therefore be maintained when these patients are cared for. A
      variety of factors may have contributed to the occurrence of pancreatitis in
      these patients. These include infection, steroids, azathioprine, low-flow states,
      extracorporeal circulation, vasopressors, renal failure, and rejection.

PMID- 3890243
TI  - Peripheral lymph flow in sheep with bacterial peritonitis: evidence for increased
      peripheral microvascular permeability accompanying systemic sepsis.
AB  - We studied the effects of systemic sepsis on peripheral microcirculatory fluid
      exchange by examining changes in flow (Qlymph) and lymph-to-plasma [L/P] total
      protein and albumin ratios from lymph draining, the efferent duct of a prefemoral
      lymph node in sheep, before and during surgically-induced peritonitis. After
      baseline study, peritonitis was produced by cecal ligation, perforation, and
      devascularization. By 24 hours blood cultures revealed a polymicrobial
      bacteremia. The hemodynamic response to the septic insult during the 72-hour
      study period was characterized by an increase in heart rate and an initial fall
      in stroke volume index; yet, the mean blood pressure remained unchanged from
      baseline levels throughout the study protocol. The intrapulmonary shunt fraction
      increased (p less than 0.05) by 48 hours, as did both the Qlymph (2.6 +/- 1.9
      ml/hr to 6.8 +/- 4.6 ml/hr; p less than 0.05) and the calculated lymph albumin
      clearance (1.6 +/- 1.2 ml/hr to 3.1 +/- 1.7 ml/hr; p less than 0.05). Although
      the calculated serum to interstitial colloid osmotic pressure gradient fell (F =
      4.37; p less than 0.04), both the [L/P] total protein and albumin ratios were
      unchanged from baseline throughout 72 hours of study. Further, [L/P] total
      protein ratios were unrelated to Qlymph (r = -0.20); as Qlymph
      (experimental/baseline) increased with sepsis, [L/P] total protein ratio
      (experimental/baseline) did not fall (r = +0.62). We therefore conclude that
      systemic sepsis, as represented by this model of bacterial peritonitis, results
      in increased peripheral microcirculatory fluid flux that is primarily a
      consequence of an increase in permeability of the peripheral microvascular
      exchanging membrane.

PMID- 3890244
TI  - [Occlusal reconstruction following severe abrasion].

PMID- 3890245
TI  - [Size reduction of the pulp cavity after kidney transplantation--a case report].

PMID- 3890246
TI  - [Age-related pathomorphism of diabetes mellitus].
AB  - Insulin supply of the body, activity of hormonal and nonhormonal insulin
      antagonists were studied and compared in subjects of different age with
      disordered carbohydrate tolerance. The role of hormonal and non-hormonal
      antagonists in the genesis of glucose intolerance was found to be different in
      different age periods in the presence of hyperinsulinemia and the reduced insulin
      glucose index common to all the groups examined. Young age is marked by a
      distinct increase in glucocorticoid and, to a less degree, in androgenic
      functions of the adrenals. The elderly manifest activation of the angiotensin
      renin-aldosterone system and more pronounced hypercholesterolemia and
      triglyceridemia in the presence of the changed body sensitivity to insulin. It is
      suggested that age-associated changes in the mechanisms of the glucose
      homeostasis control may be of importance in the formation of the features of
      individual patterns of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3890247
TI  - [Possibilities of using polychemotherapy according to the COP protocol in
      lymphosarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract].
AB  - Based on the use in 119 patients, the COP scheme can be regarded as an effective
      method of drug therapy of lymphosarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract: the total
      efficacy amounts to 65.4% and is practically identical in primary (61.8%) and
      metastatic (70%) involvement of the alimentary tube into the pathological
      process. However, the attainment of complete remissions was stated in an
      insignificant number of patients (16%). The five-year survival is equal to 60.2%.

PMID- 3890248
TI  - [Kidney changes in acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 3890249
TI  - [Characteristics of beta 2-adrenergic regulation of gastric secretion, hemostasis
      and cardiac rhythm in patients with duodenal ulcer and a history of hemorrhagic
      complications (effect of alupent)].
AB  - The effect of intravenous infusion of alupent (0.1 microgram/kg/min for 1 h) on
      the main parameters of gastric secretion, thromboelastogram, electrocoagulogram,
      ADP-induced platelet aggregation, the kinetics of fibrinolysis and vegetative
      regulation of the cardiac rhythm was studied in 59 subjects (10 healthy males, 23
      patients suffering from peptic ulcer of the duodenum with a history of
      hemorrhages, 26 patients with uncomplicated duodenal ulcer). In healthy subjects
      and in patients with uncomplicated ulcer, the beta 2-adrenoagonist caused an
      increase in the volume of basal secretion, production of acid and pepsin,
      acceleration of blood coagulation, and fibrinolysis activation. At the same time
      in 2/3 of patients with a history of hemorrhages due to duodenal ulcer alupent
      inhibited gastric secretion of acid and pepsin and, along with stimulation of
      plasmic factors of coagulation, inhibited activated fibrinolysis. Vegetative
      dysfunction in patients with uncomplicated ulcer was marked by the predominance
      of the parasympathetic regulation of the cardiac rhythm, whereas in patients with
      a history of hemorrhages by sympatheticotonia. These features of beta 2
      adrenergic regulation can be used for predicting hemorrhages and development of
      pathogenetically validated treatment methods.

PMID- 3890250
TI  - [Drug treatment of cholelithiasis].

PMID- 3890251
TI  - [Stimulation of restorative processes in stomach and duodenal ulcers].
AB  - The effects of RNA preparations and symptomatic agents (antacids and
      cholinolytics) were studied and compared in patients with peptic ulcer of the
      stomach and duodenum. It was shown that the use of RNA preparations led to a more
      rapid disappearance of the endoscopic, x-ray and morphological signs of
      ulceration, epigastric symptoms, nausea and vomiting, anorexia, "latent" blood in
      the feces. Altogether 92% of the patients responded to RNA preparations, and 72%
      to the symptomatic treatment. The rate of relapses it the patients on RNA was 8%,
      that in the patients on the symptomatic agents amounted to 20%. The mechanism of
      action of RNA preparations in patients with peptic ulcer of the stomach and
      duodenum lies in stimulation of protein biosynthesis in the mucous membrane of
      the involved stomach and intestine, which leads to intensification of the
      reparative processes.

PMID- 3890252
TI  - [Clinico-functional evaluation of the effectiveness of trental in the treatment
      of duodenal ulcer].
AB  - A study was made of microcirculation in patients with peptic ulcer of the
      duodenum during exacerbation and after combined antiulcerous therapy including
      trental that improves microcirculation and rheology of the blood. The data
      obtained point to the presence in the majority of patients of pronounced
      microcirculatory disorders during exacerbation. The degree of the disorders
      depended on the disease standing, acuity of the painful syndrome and the size of
      the ulcer. The use of trental as a constituent part of therapy led to significant
      correction of the altered parameters of microcirculation and reduction of the
      time of ulcer cicatrization. Application of trental entailed a reduction in
      secretory function of the gastric glands according to the data of fractional
      exploration. It is recommended that trental may be included into combined therapy
      of peptic ulcer of the duodenum.

PMID- 3890253
TI  - [Evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness of prednisolone in patients with chronic
      active hepatitis based on the morphometry of liver biopsy specimens].
AB  - In 42 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), liver biopsies were subjected
      to histological study and morphometry before and after prednisolone treatment (21
      patients comprising group I) and treatment with a complex of vitamins B1, B6, B12
      and C (21 patients comprising group II). Combined study of liver biopsies during
      treatment makes it possible to evaluate objectively enough the results of
      prednisolone therapy of CAH patients. The authors confirmed the efficacy of
      prednisolone therapy of patients with sero-negative CAH. These patients
      demonstrated a reduction in dystrophic alterations, volume of inflammatory cells
      in the portal tracts and in the areas of necrosis, a lowering of the number of
      aggressive lymphocytes. Prednisolone was discovered to have an adverse effect on
      seropositive CAH, to activate virus replication in liver tissue, intensify
      necrotic alterations in the parenchyma and inflammatory reaction in the portal
      tracts.

PMID- 3890254
TI  - [Choleretic test in the ultrasonic diagnosis of cholelithiasis].
AB  - The authors provide the results of repeated echography of the gall bladder after
      the use of choleretics in cases presenting difficulties for echographic diagnosis
      of concrements inside the organ. Describe the technique of making the choleretic
      test, define indications and contraindications as to its use. Ultrasonic
      exploration of the gall bladder after choleretic intake raises the accuracy of
      echographic diagnosis of cholelithiasis, reduces the time required for
      echocholecystography, helps make differential diagnosis of the gall bladder
      diseases.

PMID- 3890255
TI  - [Role of certain mechanisms in the pathogenesis of emphysema and a number of
      other lung diseases].

PMID- 3890256
TI  - [Solar-biosphere relationships, biorhythms and the problems of internal medicine
      (methodological aspects)].

PMID- 3890257
TI  - [The cellular immunity system in the late postclinical and premorbid periods in
      elderly persons treated with antibiotics].

PMID- 3890258
TI  - [Protease activity and the level of antibodies to connective tissue elements in
      various lung diseases].
AB  - Altogether 274 patients with different pulmonary diseases were examined for the
      activity of trypsin and elastase of the blood and the level of their inhibitors.
      The concentration of antibodies to collagen and elastin was also measured. In
      acute chronic pneumonia or exacerbation, the activity of the enzymes increased,
      the concentration of antibodies to collagen and elastin rose. In acute pneumonia,
      the titer of antibodies to collagen and elastin persisted for 1-1.5 months, in
      CNPD and tuberculosis for 4-8 months.

PMID- 3890259
TI  - [Methodology and the clinical importance of the ultrasound method in diagnosing
      exudative processes in the pleural cavity].
AB  - The authors describes the technique and data of ultrasound examination of 32
      patients with exudative processes of different etiology in the pleural cavities.
      It was shown that using echography one can detect the minimal volumes of
      intrapleural fluid inaccessible for visualization with the conventional methods
      of radiodiagnosis, and to reveal the signs of the marginal and total lung
      atelectasis. In patients with pleural empyema, one could see the thickening of
      the pleural layers, dissection of the purulent contents in the pleural cavity.
      Study over time of the foci of structural nonuniformity of the intrapleural
      contents in patients with acute serofibrinous pleurisy made it possible to follow
      the processes of formation, retraction and organization of fibrin clots to
      intrapleural adhesions. The intrapleural adhesions formed were detected
      echographically in the overwhelming majority of the test subjects, including 4
      out of 10 patients with accumulation of the fluid in the pleural cavities because
      of decompensation of congestive circulatory failure.

PMID- 3890261
TI  - Experimental atherosclerosis and a possible generation of free radicals.

PMID- 3890260
TI  - Cardioprotective effects of defibrotide in acute myocardial ischemia in the cat.
AB  - We investigated the effects of Defibrotide (D), a natural
      polydeoxyribonucleotide, on acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) in anesthetized cats.
      A permanent ligature was placed around the left anterior descending coronary
      artery (LAD) 12-14 mm from its origin. Ventricular fibrillation and death were
      exceptional and when they occurred the cats were not included in the evaluation.
      Pretreatment of cats with D, 32 mg Kg-1 h-1, i.v. infusion, maintained throughout
      the 5 h occlusion period, reduced AMI-ST segment increases and increased the
      diminished pressure-rate index (PRI). AMI-induced changes in lactate, ATP and CPK
      in ischemic tissue were prevented by D. PGI2 gave the same results as D. Atenolol
      prevented the loss of myocardial CPK, but had no favourable effects on lactate
      and ATP in ischemic tissue. The beneficial effects of D in AMI reported here
      could be partly attributed to its ability to enhance PGI2 release from vascular
      walls; D might also relieve ischemia by improvement of local tissue oxygenation,
      energy supplies and platelet function by its ability to deaggregate platelet
      clumps.

PMID- 3890263
TI  - [Prosthetic rehabilitation: an unusual case].

PMID- 3890262
TI  - Thomas Brian Gunning, D.D.S. and--the day Seward was stabbed.

PMID- 3890264
TI  - [Immunoglobulin E in small intestinal mucosa; a quantitative analysis].
AB  - IgE plasmocytes were looked for in small bowel biopsy tissue of 24 children
      suspected of having small bowel injury. Immunoperoxidase techniques were applied
      making use of both conventional and monoclonal IgE antibodies. IgE positive cells
      were counted and results expressed as the number of IgE positive cells per square
      mm of lamina propria. An increased number of IgE positive cells was only found in
      3 children with cow's milk allergy (mean 143 cells/mm2), while all other patients
      showed very low numbers of IgE positive cells (mean: 4 cells/mm2). A normal
      number of IgE positive cells was found in 2 patients with cow's milk allergy on a
      cow's milk free diet.

PMID- 3890265
TI  - Immunochemical analysis of class II molecules expressed by a human B cell line
      with the unusual class II genotype, DR5+, MB1+, (MB3-), MT2+.
AB  - The human B lymphoblastoid cell line FPA was established from a consanguineous
      individual homozygous for the unusual serologically defined Class II genotype,
      DR5+, MB1+, (MB3-), MT2+. The MB1 allodeterminant is classically found only in
      association with DR1, 2, or w6 and DR5 is almost invariably associated with MB3.
      Class II molecules expressed by this unusual DR5 homozygous cell line have been
      characterized by immunochemical analysis using two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis. These molecules were isolated from the FPA cell line by anti
      DR5, anti-MT2, and anti-MB1 allosera, as well as a monoclonal antibody which
      defines an MB1-like determinant. However, an anti-MB3 alloserum and a monoclonal
      antibody which defines an MB3-like determinant did not immunoprecipitate Class II
      molecules from FPA. These studies document that the MB1 allodeterminant resides
      on DS molecules from this DR5 cell line and provide additional evidence that MB1
      and MB3 are alleles of the same Class II antigen system.

PMID- 3890266
TI  - Ultrastructural features of bovine mammary epithelial cells grown on collagen
      gels.
AB  - Bovine mammary epithelial cells cultured on floating gels of rat tail collagen
      showed two principal cell types, columnar and squamous, with ultrastructural
      features resembling secretory and myoepithelial cells respectively. Cultures of
      freshly prepared cells released alpha-lactalbumin into the culture medium and in
      some cases contained fat droplets, although these did not appear to be released.
      No ultrastructural evidence of casein synthesis was observed. A notable feature
      was the failure to secrete a continuous basement membrane. Intermediate filaments
      were present in abundance in squamous epithelial cells.

PMID- 3890267
TI  - [Echography of the organs of the upper abdomen and retroperitoneal space].

PMID- 3890268
TI  - Genotoxic potential of acephate technical: in vitro and in vivo effects.
AB  - The genotoxic potential of acephate technical (AT) in vitro and in vivo has been
      studied in bioassays detecting primary DNA damage, chromosomal alterations, and
      gene mutation. Results from in vitro assays have ranged from negative to weakly
      positive; AT is apparently a direct-acting agent in these tests. However,
      expressed in terms of molar potency, AT has generally been at least 100-1000
      times less potent than known positive mutagens tested in vitro. Following in vivo
      exposure at maximum tolerated doses, AT did not induce chromosomal aberrations,
      sister chromatid exchange, or micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells; a dominant
      lethal study in mice was also negative. In a supplemental study, no induced
      chromosomal aberrations or sister chromatid exchange could be detected in
      lymphocytes from a pair of cynomolgus monkeys following exposure to AT at a low
      dose level for 20 days. At dose levels limited by toxicity, no positive results
      were observed for induction of sex-linked, recessive lethality in D.
      melanogaster. Acephate technical (ORTHENE) appears to present little or no
      genetic hazard to in vivo mammalian systems.

PMID- 3890269
TI  - [Analysis of intraoral methods of blocking the inferior alveolar and lingual
      nerves].

PMID- 3890270
TI  - [Choice of supporting teeth in designing a clasp denture].

PMID- 3890271
TI  - [Method for the comparative assessment of the strength of the bonding of dental
      porcelain and metal].

PMID- 3890272
TI  - [Fissures of the dental tissues and their significance in clinical practice].

PMID- 3890273
TI  - [A new composite filling material, epakril].

PMID- 3890274
TI  - [Lymphogranulomatosis: diagnosis by conventional roentgen studies and computed
      tomography].
AB  - Thanks to computed tomography the diagnostics of Hodgkin's disease has improved
      for both the nodal and the extranodal affection. CT is of special importance to
      determine an extension along the thoracic wall and to assess a pericardial and
      vascular invasion. All lymph node groups are visualized by computed tomography,
      but the structure of the lymph nodes cannot be assessed. In a series of 68
      patients suffering from Hodgkin's and non Hodgkin's lymphomas, a retroperitoneal
      lesion was found by CT in 77% and by lymphography in 90% of cases. Sonography is
      considered as a complementary method. CT is not very sensitive in case of a
      spleen and liver lesion. Percutaneous biopsy is recommended for the diagnosis of
      recurrences and for the assessment of residual tumor tissue.

PMID- 3890275
TI  - [Automatic contour search and segmentation of sonographic transverse sectional
      pictures of the uterus with regard to optimization of individual isodose planning
      in uterine cancer].
AB  - Intrauterine ultrasonography has proved to be an adequate method to represent the
      normal myometrium as well as its pathologic modifications, especially for the
      assessment of localization and extent of malignant processes. So for the first
      time, intracavitary radiotherapy of the carcinoma of the body, especially the
      afterloading technique, can work by means of the produced crossections with a
      precisely defined target volume, because the sonographic probe and the
      afterloading probe have identical geometric configurations. A method is presented
      which allows a computer-assisted determination of the tumor volume by means of
      the segmentation of organ sections and a pseudo-threedimensional projection in
      combination with the energy dose distribution of the radioactive source.

PMID- 3890276
TI  - [Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy: cyclophosphamide].
AB  - Compared to the other chemotherapeutic preparations discussed today,
      cyclophosphamide in combination with radiotherapy is a relatively unproblematic
      substance. Despite the great number of experimental and clinical data, the
      evaluation does not prove an advantage of the combined therapy with
      cyclophosphamide and irradiation as against radiotherapy alone in local tumor
      treatment. This should give occasion to further experimental investigations in
      adequate models. On the other hand, the practice of combined treatment with
      irradiation and preparations containing cyclophosphamide should be reconsidered
      for those cases where local control of a tumor is the principal therapeutic aim.

PMID- 3890277
TI  - Positron emission tomography and its application to the study of cerebrovascular
      disease in man.

PMID- 3890278
TI  - Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage.

PMID- 3890279
TI  - Double-blind controlled trial of prostacyclin in cerebral infarction.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with acute cerebral infarction received either prostacyclin
      or placebo intermittently for 65 hours. Pulse and blood pressure were not altered
      by prostacyclin. After infusion there was no change in infarct volume or cerebral
      blood flow in either group. After normalisation for starting values, age and site
      of cerebral infarction there was a greater than 10% improvement in speech in the
      prostacyclin group, but minimal changes in neurological score or disability
      status. Age is related to neurological score at 14 days after stroke by
      decreasing improvement by 6.8% for each additional 10 years. This study has not
      been able to demonstrate that prostacyclin is effective in the treatment of
      ischaemic stroke, but due to the sample size the chance of proving this
      statistically (the power) was small. Similarly any conclusion that prostacyclin
      is not effective may be wrong because of the Type II error probability being
      high.

PMID- 3890280
TI  - Rapid evaluation of malaria parasite density and standardization of thick smear
      examination for epidemiological investigations.
AB  - The results of epidemiological surveys and the follow-up of malaria endemicity
      are often difficult to compare due to the high frequency of low-density
      parasitaemia in semi-immune populations. Detecting malaria parasites is dependent
      on the conditions and methods of parasitological examination. A standardized
      method of examination in epidemiological surveys is proposed: this includes the
      systematic rapid determination of parasite density.

PMID- 3890281
TI  - Stage-specific production of S-antigens of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro.
AB  - Stage-specific synthesis and release of the S-antigen of Plasmodium falciparum
      was demonstrated using 3H-glycine-labelled, synchronous, cloned parasite
      populations. The release of S-antigens into culture supernatants was first
      evident 25 to 30 hours after initiation of the parasite cycle and correlated with
      the rupture of the most mature schizonts. S-antigen release reached a peak at 37
      to 43 hours at the height of the reinvasion cycle. Intracellular production of S
      antigens was evident slightly earlier (19 to 24 hours) and correlated with the
      initial appearance of schizonts.

PMID- 3890283
TI  - In vitro infectivity of cryopreserved Plasmodium berghei sporozoites to cultured
      cells.
AB  - Plasmodium berghei sporozoites frozen in MEM (Eagle) medium supplemented with 10%
      hydroxyethyl starch and 50% normal mouse serum retained 0.5% infectivity to
      cultured hepatoma cells, compared to 6.8% before freezing. This demonstrates that
      frozen-thawed sporozoites can be used in in vitro investigations of the
      exoerythrocytic malarial parasite and means that when large numbers of
      sporozoites are available, they may be frozen and preserved for later use.

PMID- 3890282
TI  - Treatment of severe bacillary dysentery with trimethoprim alone.
AB  - Trimethoprim (300 mg twice daily for five days) and co-trimoxazole (two tablets
      twice daily for five days) were compared as treatment for adult patients with
      severe shigellosis in Rwanda. Excellent bacteriological and clinical results were
      obtained with both regimens, with the exception of patients infected with a
      trimethoprim-resistant strain of Shigella dysenteriae type 1. Since only 20
      patients were investigated, the conclusions of our study do not reach statistical
      significance. Before recommending trimethoprim as standard therapy for
      shigellosis, the validity of our results should be tested in a larger trial and
      the long-term ecological consequences of monotherapy carefully monitored.

PMID- 3890284
TI  - The membrane and the lesions of storage in preserved red cells.

PMID- 3890285
TI  - Immunoglobulin levels in dogs after total-body irradiation and bone marrow
      transplantation.
AB  - The influence of total-body irradiation (TBI) and autologous or allogeneic bone
      marrow transplantation on serum immunoglobulin subclasses was determined in a dog
      model. Only IgG1 levels decreased after low-dose (+/- 4.5 Gy) TBI, but levels of
      all immunoglobulin classes fell after high-dose TBI (8.5 GyX1 or 2X6.0 Gy). After
      autologous bone marrow transplantation IgM levels were the first and IgE levels
      were the last to return to normal. After successful allogeneic bone marrow
      transplantation prolonged low IgM and IgE levels were found but IgA levels
      increased rapidly to over 150% of pretreatment values. A comparison of dogs with
      or without clinical signs or graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), revealed no
      differences in IgM levels. Dogs with GVHD had higher IgA but lower IgE levels.
      Dogs that rejected their allogeneic bone marrow cells showed significant early
      rises in IgE and IgA levels in comparison with dogs with GVHD. These results
      differ from the observations made on Ig levels in human bone marrow transplant
      patients. No significant differences in phytohemagglutinin stimulation tests were
      found between dogs with or without GVHD or dogs receiving an autologous
      transplant for the first four months after TBI and transplantation. An early
      primary or secondary involvement of humoral immunity in GVHD and graft rejection
      in dogs is postulated.

PMID- 3890286
TI  - Biopsy-directed immunosuppression following hepatic transplantation in man.
AB  - Patients undergoing orthotopic hepatic transplantation were studied with
      routinely available liver function studies and serial hepatic biopsies. Rejection
      was diagnosed only if confirmed histologically. Cyclosporine and a rapidly
      decreasing dose of corticosteroids were used for immunosuppression. Hepatic
      dysfunction suggesting rejection was seen in 22 instances, but acute rejection
      was diagnosed histologically in only 6 patients. The liver function studies used
      in these patients did not accurately distinguish rejection from other causes of
      hepatic dysfunction. We conclude that liver biopsy as performed in these patients
      is an accurate and safe means of assessing the adequacy of immunosuppression and
      minimizing the use of high dose corticosteroids.

PMID- 3890287
TI  - Pretransplant conditioning with busulfan (Myleran) and cyclophosphamide for
      nonmalignant diseases. Assessment of engraftment following histocompatible
      allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - Four pediatric patients with diseases potentially curable by bone marrow
      transplantation (BMT)--i.e., common variable immune deficiency, Wiskott-Aldrich
      Syndrome (WAS), mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, and mucopolysaccharidosis type I
      received a conditioning regimen consisting of busulfan and cyclophosphamide prior
      to BMT from HLA-identical, mixed leukocyte culture (MLC)-unreactive siblings.
      Only one of the four patients achieved full engraftment. Of the remaining three
      patients, one experienced failure of engraftment, and two had persistent mixed
      chimerism. Although no serious complications were directly related to the
      preparative therapy, the doses of busulfan and cyclophosphamide previously
      described to be adequate for conditioning children with WAS were completely
      effective in only one of three pediatric patients in this series. Despite a
      higher dose of busulfan (16 mg/kg), mixed chimerism was observed in a subsequent
      patient. Of 13 evaluable patients in the literature in whom busulfan and
      cyclophosphamide had been used as preconditioning regimens for a variety of
      nonmalignant conditions, eight demonstrated lack of complete and sustained
      engraftment. On the other hand, clinical improvement has accompanied partial
      engraftment in some cases. We conclude that additional immunosuppressive and/or
      myeloablative conditioning is necessary if complete engraftment is attempted in
      histocompatible allogeneic BMT for many of the nonmalignant disorders.

PMID- 3890288
TI  - The clinical course of 53 patients with venocclusive disease of the liver after
      marrow transplantation.
AB  - Two hundred fifty-five patients received chemoradiotherapy and a marrow graft for
      treatment of malignancy. Fifty-three developed venocclusive disease (VOD) of the
      liver. The clinical presentation was characterized by jaundice, fluid retention,
      ascites, upper abdominal pain, and encephalopathy. Insidious weight gain was the
      first sign of VOD, occurring a mean of 6.2 +/- 5.2 days after transplantation,
      followed shortly by jaundice. Twenty-four patients (45%) had a serious,
      progressive liver disease, but the others recovered a mean of 21.6 days after the
      onset of jaundice. Analysis of pretransplant factors did not disclose a
      significant association with serious VOD. Patients with serious VOD had
      significantly higher maximal values for bilirubin and SGOT, gained more weight,
      and were more likely to have encephalopathy. Supportive treatment did not appear
      to influence the outcome.

PMID- 3890289
TI  - The influence of HLA-A, B, and DR matching on graft survival in primary cadaveric
      renal transplantation in Belfast.
AB  - HLA-DR matching has been shown in a retrospective study of 72 renal transplant
      patients to significantly enhance graft survival at 12 months. HLA-A and -B
      antigen matching also increased the graft survival rate significantly. Analysis
      of combined HLA-A, -B and -DR matching suggested an improvement in graft survival
      rate with better matching, but this did not attain statistical significance. It
      is now our policy to use HLA-DR matching prospectively and to ensure that all
      recipients receive a kidney with a maximum of 1 HLA-DR incompatibility and a
      minimum of 2 HLA-A and -B antigens shared.

PMID- 3890290
TI  - The impact of renal transplantation on the course of hepatitis B liver disease.
AB  - To establish the impact of transplantation on the course of chronic hepatitis B
      liver disease we performed a prospective study of the clinical and pathological
      sequelae of hepatitis B disease in all 22 patients who had renal allografts that
      functioned for more than 1 year and who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)
      positive following transplantation. No patient converted to HBsAg-negative.
      During a mean follow-up of 83 months serial liver biopsies were performed in 20
      patients and 1 liver biopsy was available in the remaining 2 patients. Eleven
      patients died of liver disease, 5 of whom died of hepatic failure, 3 with
      hepatoma, 2 of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and 1 of ascites with
      pleuroperitoneal fistula. Aggressive liver disease was observed in the vast
      majority of patients: 12 ultimately developed cirrhosis, (mean follow-up 81
      months), 6 chronic active hepatitis (mean follow-up 93 months), 3 chronic
      persistent hepatitis (mean follow-up 89 months), and in 1 patient the presence of
      HB virus in hepatocytes was the sole morphologic alteration (follow-up 42
      months). There was a marked tendency to progression in that 82% of patients with
      virus only, reactive hepatitis, or chronic persistent hepatitis on initial biopsy
      subsequently developed chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis. For comparison, 10
      HBsAg-positive patients whose renal failure had been treated by hemodialysis were
      also studied over a comparable period. Four patients converted to the negative
      state. Biochemical evidence of persistent liver dysfunction occurred in only 1
      patient and no patient has died from complications of liver disease. We conclude
      that in the immunosuppressed renal transplant patient HB infection often results
      in the development of cirrhosis, leading to death from hepatoma and hepatic
      failure. This course is worse than that in dialysis patients. Renal
      transplantation of HBsAg-positive patients with end-stage renal failure may be
      inadvisable.

PMID- 3890291
TI  - A four-year experience with donor blood transfusion protocols for living-donor
      renal transplantation.
AB  - Our experience over the last 4 years with HLA-identical, donor-specific
      transfusion (DST), and Imuran (IM) + DST living-donor transplants in 206 patients
      is presented. Transplants from 8 completely incompatible sibling donors, 4
      distantly related donors, and 7 unrelated donors are included. Except for a
      slightly higher average serum creatinine, and a markedly reduced rate of donor
      specific sensitization in the IM + DST group when compared with the DST group
      (14% vs. 31%, P less than .005), the results of transplantation using these 3
      protocols have been equivalent. Actuarial one-year survival was 97% for patients
      and 93% for grafts for the combined group of 206 patients. Of the 44 patients who
      entered the DST or IM + DST protocols but were not transplanted, 31 patients
      (70%) have subsequently been transplanted, and all 5 recipients of living-donor
      kidneys and 20 of 26 recipients of cadaveric kidneys (77%) have functioning
      grafts. Because it optimizes the availability of transplantable living-donor
      kidneys, gives results equivalent to those obtained with HLA-identical donors and
      the DST protocol, and is not associated with clinically apparent adverse effects,
      we now use the IM + DST protocol for all living-donor transplants except those
      between HLA-identical donor-recipient pairs.

PMID- 3890292
TI  - Profound hypomagnesemia and renal magnesium wasting associated with the use of
      cyclosporine for marrow transplantation.
AB  - We prospectively studied 41 marrow transplant patients to evaluate the possible
      association of hypomagnesemia with cyclosporine immunosuppressive therapy. During
      the 3 months posttransplant the mean nadir serum magnesium level was 1.06 +/-
      0.16 mEq/L in 24 patients treated with cyclosporine and 1.33 +/- 0.13 in 14
      patients treated with methotrexate (P less than 0.0001). Eleven of 24 patients
      receiving cyclosporine versus 1 of 14 patients receiving methotrexate had
      magnesium levels less than 1 mEq/L, or were begun on replacement therapy for
      presumed symptomatic hypomagnesemia (P less than 0.02). Agents known to be
      associated with hypomagnesemia, aminoglycosides and amphotericin B, were given in
      both lesser quantity and frequency to cyclosporine-treated patients than to
      methotrexate-treated patients. Hypomagnesemic patients treated with cyclosporine
      had inappropriately elevated urine magnesium excretion. Renal magnesium wasting
      may be added to the spectrum of nephrotoxicity resulting from cyclosporine.
      Several adverse reactions previously attributed to cyclosporine may be secondary
      to magnesium deficiency.

PMID- 3890293
TI  - Elicitation of a rapid and transient antibody response to H-Y antigen by
      intrasplenic immunization.
AB  - Immunization of BN or HS female rats by intrasplenic implantation of syngeneic
      male skin results in a rapid, albeit transient, antibody response to H-Y antigen.
      Maximal antibody titers obtained by this protocol are of the range 1:4000-1:8000,
      and are substantially higher than titers obtained using other immunization
      protocols. Histological examination of the splenic skin implants shows
      appearances consistent with the conclusion that the skin remains viable during
      antibody production. Cellular infiltration into the BN implants suggests the
      onset of a rejection reaction as early as 2 weeks after implantation. The very
      transient nature of the antibody peak suggests rapid catabolism of the antibody
      or the supervention of a suppressor response as part of the rejection reaction.
      This immunization method may prove useful for the production of higher-titer H-Y
      antibodies than have hitherto been available.

PMID- 3890294
TI  - An analysis of tissue-specific transplantation phenomena in a minor
      histoincompatibility system.
AB  - Tissue-specific differences in immunogenicity were demonstrated following
      allotransplantation across the same minor histocompatibility barrier (BALB/c---
      DBA/2). In contrast to the high immunogenicity of fetal pancreas and skin,
      isolated islets, fetal proislets, and thyroid were weakly immunogenic. These
      tissue-specific effects were not related to the presence of tissue-specific
      antigens or the absence of recognizable minor alloantigens from the less
      immunogenic tissues. There was a strong correlation between tissues that were
      highly immunogenic and those that contained rich populations of donor leukocytes.
      The survival of fetal pancreas allografts was significantly improved by
      pretreating the donor tissue in high-oxygen organ culture and by the preparation
      of fetal proislets. Using other MHC-compatible strain combinations (B10.D2---
      BALB/c; BALB/c----B10.D2; C3H.SW----C57/10J) strain-specific effects were
      observed in the immunogenicity of thyroid allografts. In two of three strain
      combinations (B10.D2----BALB/c; BALB/c----B10.D2), pretreatment of the donor
      tissue with cyclophosphamide and organ culture prior to grafting significantly
      improved graft survival. These findings suggest that donor passenger leukocytes
      may play an important role in determining the immunogenicity of MHC-compatible
      allografts.

PMID- 3890295
TI  - Efficacy of a cyclophosphamide-procarbazine-antithymocyte serum regimen for
      prevention of graft rejection following bone marrow transplantation for
      transfused patients with aplastic anemia.

PMID- 3890296
TI  - Immunoblastic lymphoma in a cyclosporine-treated renal transplant recipient.

PMID- 3890297
TI  - A case of unusually early but temporary humoral immune reconstitution after bone
      marrow transplantation.

PMID- 3890298
TI  - Withdrawal of cyclosporine treatment one year after renal transplantation.

PMID- 3890299
TI  - Immunological reactivity of fully allogeneic radiation chimeras.

PMID- 3890300
TI  - Pretransplant transfusion and cyclosporine-induced enhancement of rabbit skin
      allografts: donor-specific versus third-party blood.

PMID- 3890301
TI  - Fever clinic: an approach to the febrile patient in the tropics.

PMID- 3890302
TI  - Short-course treatment of chancroid with co-trimoxazole (Septrin)

PMID- 3890303
TI  - Onchocerciasis in Mexico and Guatemala.

PMID- 3890304
TI  - Ocular onchocerciasis. Diagnosis and current clinical approaches.

PMID- 3890305
TI  - [Polyteny and endomitosis in supergiant trophoblast cells of the gray vole
      Microtus subarvalis].
AB  - A cytomorphological study was made of peculiarly structured polytene chromosomes
      in supergiant trophoblast cells of Microtus subarvalis. The polyteny level was
      extremely high (over 1024C). The polytene chromosomes are characterized by a
      rather high degree of condensation of single chromosomes, and, as a consequence,
      close chromosome junctions and the typical disk pattern are lacking. The presence
      of complex nucleoli in the nuclei of these cells also testifies to a great
      detachment of chromonemes in polytene chromosomes of the studied supergiant
      trophoblast cells. Compared to other rodent species, a lower degree of chromoneme
      junction in the vole polytene chromosomes may cause their easy dissociation into
      single chromonemata, whose further condensation results in endomitotic chromosome
      formation. The chromosome depolytenization, earlier suggested from the analysis
      of interphase nucleus markers, has been traced here in detail. The process of
      polytene chromosome splitting was most obvious in the nucleolus-organizing
      chromosomes. A hony-combed nucleolus splits into numerous micronucleoli. The
      nucleus pattern becomes altered. Once in the polytene nucleus, chromosome bundles
      were located below the nuclear membrane and the central zone of the karyoplasm
      was not completely filled up. However, after dissociation of polytene chromosomes
      the whole karyoplasm was filled up with small nucleoli, and a thin layer of
      endomitotic chromosomes was seen beneath the nuclear membrane. The correlation
      between endomitosis and polyteny is discussed in terms of the dissociation of
      polytene chromosomes and formation of endomitotic chromosomes.

PMID- 3890306
TI  - [In memoriam Ivan Ivanovich Sokolov (on the centenary of his birth)].

PMID- 3890307
TI  - Cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and platinum (CAP) combination chemotherapy, a new
      effective approach in the treatment of disseminated breast cancer. Preliminary
      report.
AB  - The prospective controlled Phase III clinical trial tested the therapeutic value
      of the cis-platinum-adriamycin-cyclophosphamide combination (CAP), compared with
      the combination including cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil,
      vincristine and prednisolone (CMFVP), in untreated metastatic breast cancer. One
      hundred and twenty-three patients (greater than 2 cycles) were evaluated: 61 on
      the CAP, and 62 on the CMFVP schedule. An objective response (CR + PR) to CAP
      combination chemotherapy was achieved in 72% of patients (43/61), with a high
      rate (36%) of complete remissions. In terms of metastatic site, the response rate
      appeared to be particularly high in soft tissue and visceral organ (lung, liver)
      metastases. In the CMFVP group, an objective response was noted in 26 of 62
      patients (42%), with 16% complete remissions. The difference in overall
      therapeutic response - and in the complete remission rate as well - was
      statistically significant to the advantage of the CAP regimen (P less than 0.01).
      The duration of remissions was 6-28 + months (means = 14) for the CAP, and 4-15 +
      months (mean = 9) for the CMFVP schedule. Toxic side effects were more pronounced
      in the CAP group, particularly myelosuppression, with anemia prevailing. Side
      effects of CMFVP treatment were moderate. In 39 CMFVP previously treated cases,
      CAP was administered as second-line treatment, and an objective response was
      observed in 51% of cases (20/39). Results of this controlled trial showed the
      advantage of the CAP combination chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic
      breast cancer.

PMID- 3890308
TI  - [Echography in the diagnosis of gallbladder cancer].

PMID- 3890309
TI  - [Current acquisitions in hepatogastroenterology].

PMID- 3890310
TI  - [Estimation of fetal weight by ultrasound scanning].

PMID- 3890311
TI  - [Familial leucine sensitive hypoglycemia].

PMID- 3890312
TI  - [Tardive respiratory depression in a young healthy man after intravenous
      buprenorphine].

PMID- 3890314
TI  - [Travelers' diarrhea (turista) in Quebec tourists. Clinical and epidemiologic
      aspects].

PMID- 3890313
TI  - [Epidemiology of coronary disease: a review of the literature].

PMID- 3890315
TI  - [The immunoenzyme technic in the monitoring of plasmapheresis during feto
      maternal immunization].

PMID- 3890316
TI  - Monitoring progression of diabetic nephropathy.
AB  - Glomerular filtration rate (GFR, single bolus 51Cr-EDTA technique), serum
      creatinine and serum beta 2-microglobulin concentrations were measured
      simultaneously in 49 insulin-dependent diabetics with diabetic nephropathy. GFR
      ranged from 148 to 23 ml/min/1.73 m2. Inverse serum concentrations of creatinine
      and beta 2-microglobulin showed a significant correlation with GFR over the whole
      range of values, r = 0.87 and r = 0.90, respectively (p less than 0.001). In the
      31 patients with a GFR less than 80 ml/min/1.73 m2, serum concentration of
      creatinine and beta 2-microglobulin were within the normal range in 12 and 9
      patients, respectively. With GFR below 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, all patients had
      elevated serum beta 2-microglobulin concentrations, while 24% of the patients
      still had normal creatinine concentration. Linear regression analysis between log
      GFR and log serum beta 2-microglobulin showed a better relationship than between
      log GFR and log serum creatinine, slope -0.90 and -0.57, respectively, p less
      than 0.01. A prospective study for up to 70 months was performed in 18 of the
      patients. The study showed a closer relationship between the individual rate of
      decline in log GFR and log serum beta 2-microglobulin compared to log GFR versus
      log serum creatinine, p less than 0.01. Neither serum creatinine nor serum beta 2
      microglobulin can be used as methods for screening of early impairment of renal
      function (GFR less than 80 ml/min/1.73 m2 in diabetic nephropathy. Our study
      suggests that serum beta 2-microglobulin is more ideal endogenous marker for GFR
      estimation than serum creatinine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3890317
TI  - Tubular proteinuria in renal calcium stone formers.
AB  - The incidence of tubular proteinuria measured as urinary excretion of beta 2
      microglobulin was evaluated in 68 consecutive renal calcium stone formers, 14 of
      whom had impaired urinary acidification capacity. During normal conditions 13% of
      these stone formers had tubular proteinuria. There was no statistical difference
      in the incidence of tubular proteinuria between subgroups with proximal or distal
      acidification defects. During transient metabolic acidosis induced by an ammonium
      chloride load a pronounced increase in beta 2-microglobulin excretion was noticed
      in all patient groups but especially in those with urinary acidification defects.
      In stone formers with normal acidification capacity the degree of acidosis
      induced beta 2-microglobulinuria was moderate but a small group of patients
      exhibited a large urine excretion of beta 2-microglobulin. This finding may
      reflect a latent tubular defect of importance for stone genesis.

PMID- 3890318
TI  - Urinary beta 2-microglobulin, antimicrobial chemotherapy and infectious diseases.
AB  - A review of the literature concerning beta 2-microglobulinuria during treatment
      with antibiotics and during febrile conditions is presented. Aminoglycoside
      treatment in normally used therapeutic doses causes an impairment of the tubular
      reabsorptive capacity as evidenced by beta 2-microglobulinuria in the majority of
      patients. Increases in urinary beta 2-microglobulin can, however, not be used to
      predict clinical nephrotoxicity in the individual patient since the urinary
      concentration is dependent on several factors. The main indication for measuring
      urinary concentrations of this protein during aminoglycoside treatment is to
      compare the nephrotoxic potential of different aminoglycosides and possibly of
      other antimicrobial agents, e.g. cephalosporins. Fever causes a temporary
      impairment of the proximal tubular reabsorptive capacity with increases in the
      urine of several low molecular weight proteins, e.g. beta 2-microglobulin. It is
      therefore highly likely that this is the explanation of the beta 2
      microglobulinuria seen in patients with pyelonephritis. The suggestion that
      measurements of urinary beta 2-microglobulin could be of value to determine renal
      involvement of urinary tract infections is therefore doubtful.

PMID- 3890319
TI  - Proteinuria and renal function in kidney transplant donors 10-18 years after
      donor uninephrectomy.
AB  - Ten to eighteen years after donor uninephrectomy (UN) the compensatory increase
      in renal function is maintained. Albuminuria was slightly increased in a few
      donors compared to the controls. We found no evidence for donor uninephrectomy to
      carry a risk for progressive renal failure. Further studies 2-3 decades after UN
      will provide additional insight in how UN affects the development of proteinuria
      and renal function.

PMID- 3890320
TI  - Tubular proteinuria during treatment with cyclosporin A--a case report.
AB  - A patient with relapsing polychondritis developed a progressive destruction of
      tracheal cartilage despite treatment with immunosuppressive and cytotoxic agents.
      Cyclosporin A therapy was instituted and has been continued for more than two
      years, concomitant with a steady improvement and remission of the disease. During
      the treatment period an increased urinary excretion of beta 2-microglobulin was
      measured, indicating renal tubular damage. The tubular proteinuria preceded an
      elevation of serum creatinine and a drop in creatinine-clearance. Thus, beta 2
      microglobulin might be a sensitive indicator of nephrotoxicity and of value for
      the evaluation of the long-term side effects of Cyclosporin A particularly in
      patients with extrarenal disease.

PMID- 3890321
TI  - Aspects on tubular proteinuria.
AB  - Tubular proteinuria, or low molecular weight (LMW) proteinuria, is less common
      than glomerular proteinuria, but is often of clinical significance. Both
      qualitative analysis of the urinary protein pattern by electrophoresis and
      quantitative estimations of various LMW-proteins are now usually available in the
      clinical routine laboratories. It is thus possible to look for LMW-proteinuria,
      as a sign of damage to the function of proximal renal tubules. For this purpose
      beta 2-microglobulin may be used as marker protein. Chronic cadmium poisoning and
      the Balkan nephropathy are examples of conditions which have been extensively
      studied by the use of LMW-protein determinations. In this context also some rare
      hereditary disorders deserve to be specially mentioned. Toxic injury to the
      kidneys, by drugs or other agents, often affect the kidney tubules early in the
      course and may be identified by LMW-protein analysis. Also in other clinical
      situations LMW-proteins in the urine may be used for investigative or research
      purposes.

PMID- 3890322
TI  - [Elastic silicone artificial crystalline lens (the results of its clinical use)].

PMID- 3890323
TI  - [Soviet ophthalmologists in World War II and in the fight for peace (on the 40th
      anniversary of victory)].

PMID- 3890324
TI  - [Clinical picture and treatment of hemorrhagic detachment of the vascular coat].

PMID- 3890325
TI  - [Experience with the use of diploptic treatment in concomitant strabismus].

PMID- 3890326
TI  - [Characteristics of the adaptation and climate-geography pathology of the eyes in
      the inhabitants of the northeastern USSR].

PMID- 3890327
TI  - [Cephadol in the treatment of patients with Meniere's disease and
      labyrinthopathies].

PMID- 3890328
TI  - [Automated analysis of vestibular nystagmus].

PMID- 3890329
TI  - [Rare complications of tonsillectomy].

PMID- 3890330
TI  - [35 years of phoniatrics in East Germany].

PMID- 3890331
TI  - [Arthroplasty of the hip joint with correction of acetabular defects using
      osteocartilaginous autotransplants].
AB  - The author describes a method of autoplastic substitution of defects in the most
      loaded portions of the cotyloid cavity in patients with tuberculous coxitis. In 5
      patients operated on by the method described favourable results were obtained.

PMID- 3890332
TI  - [Osteocartilaginous alloplasty in aseptic femur head necrosis].
AB  - The authors describe an original method of partial or subtotal osteochondrous
      alloplasty in aseptic osteonecrosis of head of the femoral bone which was used in
      26 patients. The observation during the period from several months to 8 years has
      shown that the osteochondrous allotransplant can substitute the injured portion
      of the head and restore its anatomical structure and functions of the joint.

PMID- 3890333
TI  - [Transduodenal papillosphincteroplasty using special instruments].
AB  - The work compares results of experimental investigations and clinical analysis of
      transduodenal papillosphincretoplasty by a routine technique and by the author's
      modification of the method without mobilization of the duodenum and pancreas head
      using special instruments such as a multiolive probe and a fixator of the major
      duodenal papilla and duodenum. The transduodenal papillosphincteroplasty
      fulfilled by the author's modification was shown to be less traumatic. It does
      not disturb the state of nerve plexuses of the duodenum wall, gives less amount
      of postoperative complications and better results.

PMID- 3890335
TI  - [Low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation in suppurative surgical diseases].

PMID- 3890334
TI  - [Rheological properties of the blood and their significance in transfusiological
      practice (review of Soviet and foreign literature)].

PMID- 3890336
TI  - [Complex treatment of patients with acute paraproctitis].
AB  - Results of the treatment of 3253 patients with acute paraproctitis are analysed.
      The treatment must be complex, with a radical operative intervention as a
      decisive measure directed to a radical dissection of the abscess and liquidation
      of the internal opening of the abscess in the rectum. Positive results were
      obtained in 88,3% of the patients.

PMID- 3890337
TI  - [Combined injuries of the pelvic bones and bladder in children].
AB  - On the basis of observations of 15 children with associated injuries of the
      pelvic bones and urinary bladder the author describes the clinical picture,
      diagnosis and treatment depending on the kind of injuries of the urinary bladder.

PMID- 3890338
TI  - [Endogenous intoxication in peritonitis (review of the literature)].

PMID- 3890339
TI  - [Results of the surgical treatment of "silent" ulcers of the stomach and duodenum
      complicated by perforation].
AB  - Results of the surgical treatment of perforations of asymptomatic ulcers of the
      stomach and duodenum in 63 patients are analyzed. Closure of the perforation
      opening is thought by the authors to be operation of choice in the treatment of
      such ulcers. Good and satisfactory results were obtained in 83% of the
      observations.

PMID- 3890340
TI  - [Use of a biocompatible antimicrobial polymer film for the prevention of
      incompetence of intestinal sutures in peritonitis].
AB  - The antimicrobic polymer films were used in experiment and in operations on 56
      patients for strengthening the line of intestinal sutures. Good results were
      obtained.

PMID- 3890341
TI  - [The helium-neon laser in the treatment of suppurative wounds].
AB  - Comparative results of the treatment of purulent wounds of soft tissues of
      different genesis by traditional methods of drug therapy in combination with the
      low intensity laser radiation of the red part of the optical spectrum in 274
      patients are described. A reliably accelerated cleansing of the wound was
      achieved with a simultaneous growth of the granulation tissue and epithelization.
      No complications were noted.

PMID- 3890342
TI  - [Treatment of burns with infrared rays in patient isolators].
AB  - Experience with the treatment of 82 burned patients in isolation wards with the
      infrared radiation has shown the level of energy losses in these patients to be
      lower. the incidence of infectious complications to be less, the course of the
      disease to be better and terms of the treatment shorter than those in patients
      with similar burn surfaces treated by a bandage method. An automatic regulation
      of the intensity of infrared radiation gave the individual treatment in
      accordance with the metabolism level of the patient.

PMID- 3890343
TI  - [Injuries of the heart and pericardium in thoraco-abdominal wounds].
AB  - Forty observations of damaged hearts and pericardium in thoracoabdominal wounds
      were studied. All the patients were operated on. Causes of diagnostic errors and
      erroneous choice of surgical methods are analyzed. It is found that 61% of
      patients with heart damage in thoracoabdominal wounds are admitted to hospitals
      and given urgent surgical aid. Fifteen patients were examined in the long-term
      postoperative period.

PMID- 3890344
TI  - Induction of Dr. Frank Bloom as a distinguished member of the American College of
      Veterinary Pathologists.

PMID- 3890346
TI  - Pathology of cloacal bursae of gnotobiotic turkeys orally inoculated with
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Cloacal bursae from three-week-old gnotobiotic turkeys were examined by light and
      electron microscopy and bacteriologic techniques at 1, 2, 5, 8, 12, and 16 days
      after oral inoculation of highly virulent (group 1) and weakly virulent (group 2)
      Escherichia coli. In both groups a significant decrease in follicular volume and
      increase in interstitial volume were associated with infection. Follicular
      cortical, follicular medullary and total follicular transectional areas increased
      with time in inoculated and control turkeys. In group 1, granulocytic
      inflammation developed in bursae on day 1 and diminished by day 8 after
      inoculation. Microabscesses were present on days 5 and 8 after inoculation in
      less than 1% of follicles. Bacteria were seen in few follicular medullae on days
      5 and 8 after inoculation; bacteremia was detected on days 1, 2, and 5 after
      inoculation. In group 2, pyogranulomatous bursitis was first seen at five days
      after inoculation and became progressively more severe with time. Follicular
      alterations in group 2 included abscessation, lymphocyte necrosis,
      reticuloepithelial hyperplasia and perifollicular fibroplasia. Ultrastructurally,
      follicular pads had degenerate and necrotic epithelial cells, intercellular
      edema, and cystic spaces that contained acidic mucosubstances and laminar
      deposits of calcium salts. Bacteria were seen within necrotic centers of
      follicular abscesses, in phagosomes of macrophages and multinucleate giant cells
      and within extracellular spaces of follicular pads and follicular medullae from
      day 5 to day 16 after inoculation; no bacteremia was detected. We conclude that
      E. coli passes through the bursal follicle-associated epithelium and replicates
      within follicular medullae, that extensive follicular necrosis is associated with
      persistence of E. coli in follicular medullae, and that E. coli of low virulence
      may cause severe pyogranulomatous bursitis in young turkeys without causing the
      respiratory or systemic diseases which are commonly associated with organisms of
      high virulence.

PMID- 3890345
TI  - High dose intravenous glucose tolerance test and serum insulin and glucagon
      levels in diabetic and non-diabetic cats: relationships to insular amyloidosis.
AB  - The high dose intravenous glucose tolerance test and concurrent immunoreactive
      serum insulin and glucagon levels were measured and the results related to the
      presence or absence of pancreatic insular amyloid in 16 cats, seven of which were
      known to be diabetic. Control values for all parameters were established using
      seven additional clinicopathologically normal cats. Nine of the 16 cats had
      normal fasting blood glucose levels (less than 120 mg/dl) and impaired glucose
      tolerance. These cats had attenuated (3/9) or normal (6/9) 0 to 5 minute glucose
      stimulated insulin secretion, rising 45 to 60 minute insulin secretion (7/9), low
      mean insulin/glucose ratio, and normal mean serum glucagon. Three of the nine
      cats with impaired glucose tolerance had insular amyloidosis. These three cats
      had significantly higher mean blood glucose levels during the glucose tolerance
      test than did cats with impaired glucose tolerance and no insular amyloid
      deposits. Also, these three cats accounted for three of the four longest glucose
      disappearance one-half times (T1/2S), three of the four lowest glucose
      disappearance coefficients, and three of the four lowest 0 to 5 minute insulin
      responses. The seven diabetic cats (fasting blood glucose levels greater than 120
      mg/dl) had either low to low normal (6/7) or above normal (1/7) fasting insulin
      levels, no insulin response to intravenous glucose stimulation (6/7), and
      elevated mean serum glucagon levels. Insular amyloid was present in six of the
      seven diabetic cats. Three diabetic cats with marked insular amyloid deposits had
      glucose disappearance T1/2 and K (coefficient) values, serum insulin levels,
      serum glucagon levels, and insulin/glucose ratios which were not significantly
      different from the other three diabetic cats with slight to moderate insular
      amyloidosis. These results confirm a strong association between the occurrence,
      but not the extent of insular amyloidosis and diabetes mellitus in adult diabetic
      cats, although amyloid replacement of pancreatic islets does not appear to be the
      primary diabetogenic event. Rather, these results appear to be consistent with
      our hypothesis that insular amyloid deposition is a morphologic marker of primary
      B-cell dysfunction that is basic to the pathogenesis of the diabetic condition,
      and is reflected clinically by impaired glucose tolerance.

PMID- 3890347
TI  - Immune complex glomerulonephritis in a cat with renal lymphosarcoma.

PMID- 3890348
TI  - Ultrasound as a tool for assessment of bone quality in the horse.
AB  - A simple non-invasive method is described for calculating the transverse apparent
      velocity of sound of horse bone. This was achieved, both in vivo and at post
      mortem examination using the metacarpal bone and its covering soft tissue. On 34
      post mortem specimens (ie, 68 limbs) from horses older than one year an average
      measurement of 2802 +/- 37 (1sd) m/sec was obtained. There were changes noted
      according to age and at different sites on the shaft of the metacarpus. The
      highest readings were obtained in the proximal shaft where the cortex was
      thickest. The velocity values gradually decreased towards the distal end where
      the cortex was thinner, particularly in animals less than 12 months old. The soft
      tissue component of the velocity measurement was uniform throughout the length of
      the metacarpus and effectively decreased the apparent velocity of the bone alone
      by about 170 m/sec (6 per cent). The shortest flight path of the ultrasound beam
      was found to be through the midcortical region of the metacarpal shaft. A good
      correlation was obtained between velocity of sound measurements and bone mass.
      Furthermore partial demineralisation of specimens from the mid-metacarpal region
      caused a considerable reduction in the apparent velocity of sound. In a series of
      young thoroughbreds (n = 52) measured in vivo the apparent velocity of sound
      increased from around 2650 m/sec at six months to approximately 2880 m/sec at
      three years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3890349
TI  - Current concepts of hyperlipaemia in horses and ponies.
AB  - Hyperlipaemia is an important condition in ponies, not just because of the
      seriousness of the clinical signs and biochemical changes involved, but because
      of the distress it causes owners and breeders that have had animals suffer from
      it. Hyperlipaemia occurs most commonly in fat ponies in late pregnancy and is
      rarely seen in larger horses. The syndrome has similarities with conditions in
      other species but the definitive aetiologies are not yet known. The condition in
      ponies is undoubtedly related to stress. The biochemical mechanisms involved in
      equine hyperlipaemia are considered and an hypothesis of possible pathogenesis is
      put forward. This hypothesis is tested by presenting the results of a preliminary
      study to evaluate glucose and lipid metabolism in horses and ponies. It appears
      that the pony is markedly insensitive to insulin compared to larger horses which
      means that triglycerides are more readily mobilised and the animal is therefore
      susceptible to hyperlipaemia in a situation of negative energy balance. The
      effect of stress is to increase cortisol levels which only exacerbates the
      insulin insensitivity and so creates a vicious circle. The importance of an
      innate insulin insensitivity may also be important in the pathogenesis of such
      conditions as laminitis.

PMID- 3890350
TI  - Rabies since Pasteur.

PMID- 3890351
TI  - Centric fusion translocations in cattle: a review.
AB  - The incidence of centric fusion (Robertsonian) translocation in cattle breeds is
      reviewed. Thirteen different centric fusions have been identified in cattle, with
      few breeds carrying more than one translocation. Of the commercial breeds,
      Friesian-Holstein cattle appear to be free of translocations, while the Simmental
      is the only one which carries three translocations. The major effect of centric
      fusion is on fertility, causing unbalanced gametes and hence unbalanced zygotes
      to be formed, leading to early embryonic death. However, to discard all
      translocation-carrying animals may be misguided as they represent genetic
      variation and a source of desirable traits.

PMID- 3890352
TI  - Clinical and experimental modifications of plasma iron and zinc concentrations in
      cattle.
AB  - Plasma iron and zinc concentrations were studied in pyrexic cattle or in cattle
      experimentally infected with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus or
      Escherichia coli endotoxin. Plasma iron and zinc levels tended to decline in the
      animals given endotoxin and in the pyrexic cattle, but the plasma iron level was
      only modified after experimental infectious bovine rhinotracheitis infection.
      These changes were not always related to pyrexia. Plasma iron and zinc
      concentrations taken together may be used as an indicator of infection.

PMID- 3890353
TI  - Interfering effect of Isospora suis infection on Salmonella typhimurium infection
      in swine.
AB  - Piglets were each orally inoculated daily for 4 consecutive days, with 10(4)
      10(5) nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella typhimurium and, starting 1 day after
      inoculation, with 50 000 Isospora suis sporulated oocysts. Control pigs were
      given S. typhimurium alone following the same inoculation schedule. Fecal samples
      were taken 5, 7 and 10 days after the coccidial inoculation, and all the pigs
      were necropsied 13 days after inoculation. S. typhimurium counts in the feces and
      in the cecal contents and the numbers of pigs positive for presence of S.
      typhimurium in the mesenteric lymph nodes of the dual-infected pigs were
      significantly (P less than 0.05) smaller than in those infected with S.
      typhimurium alone.

PMID- 3890354
TI  - Enzymatic radioimmunoassay for detecting Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona in
      the urine of experimentally-infected pigs.
AB  - An enzymatic radioimmunoassay (ERIA) has been developed for detecting Leptospira
      interrogans serovar pomona in porcine urine. Four grower pigs were experimentally
      infected with serovar pomona. A total of 39 urine samples was collected, and ERIA
      was compared with dark ground microscopy (DGM) and culture for demonstrating
      leptospiruria. Of 20 samples positive by at least one technique, leptospires were
      detected by ERIA in 14, by culture in 16 and by DGM in 13. ERIA, unlike the other
      2 methods, was suitable for use with urine which had been stored frozen for
      several months.

PMID- 3890355
TI  - [New imaging methods].

PMID- 3890356
TI  - [Immunologic principles as methods of diagnosis].

PMID- 3890357
TI  - [Criteria for compensation in diabetes during insulin therapy].

PMID- 3890358
TI  - [Organization of the medical evacuation support for the 3d Ukrainian Front in the
      Vienna Operation].

PMID- 3890359
TI  - [For bravery and exceptional devotion to duty].

PMID- 3890360
TI  - [Somatic and mental changes in sex chromosome anomalies (a review of the
      literature)].

PMID- 3890361
TI  - [Method of treating patellar fractures].

PMID- 3890362
TI  - [Organization of military medical supplies of the Russian army in the 1st half of
      the 19th century].

PMID- 3890363
TI  - [V. I. Glinchikov and his contribution to military medicine].

PMID- 3890364
TI  - [The contribution of biochemistry to the theory and practice of medicine over the
      past 40 years].

PMID- 3890365
TI  - [Additive nature of the stimulating effects of alloxan diabetes and fasting on
      the specific binding of insulin with its receptors in the plasma membranes of
      adipose and hepatic cells in the rat].
AB  - Properties of insulin receptors were studied in rat fatty tissue and in plasmatic
      membranes of liver cells under conditions of alloxan diabetes (within 3 days) and
      in fasting (within 2 days) as well as under conditions of simultaneous effect of
      these factors. In the diabetes amount of receptors in plasmatic membranes of both
      these tissues, affinity of fatty cell membranes as well as amount of the
      receptors and their specific affinity in hepatic cell membranes were increased.
      Specific binding of insulin was distinctly increased under conditions of
      simultaneous influence of diabetes and fasting due to elevation in content of the
      receptors in liver cell membranes and in both their content and affinity in fatty
      cell membranes. The data obtained suggest that alloxan diabetes and fasting
      caused additive effect on expression of insulin receptors in fatty and hepatic
      cell plasmatic membranes as well as that the content of receptors on the cell
      surface was regulated by means of several mechanisms.

PMID- 3890366
TI  - [Insulin receptors of adipose tissue in patients newly diagnosed with insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus].
AB  - Binding of insulin to fatty cell plasmatic membranes in 10 patients with insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus exhibited high variability. The patients were divided
      into two groups based on the values of insulin binding. In the first group,
      comprising 3 patients, specific binding of insulin was below the values found in
      healthy persons; this phenomenon occurred only due to a decrease in content of
      insulin receptors. In the second group (7 patients) specific binding of insulin
      exceeded the values of controls; in this case an increase in affinity of the
      receptors was observed. These results suggest that insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus is characterized by high heterogeneity.

PMID- 3890367
TI  - [Current problems of the carcinogenic effect of small doses of radiation].

PMID- 3890368
TI  - [State sanitary control of nutrition hygiene during World War II].

PMID- 3890369
TI  - [Rose-colored grain and fusariosis].

PMID- 3890370
TI  - [Medical workers in World War II].

PMID- 3890371
TI  - [Sorption and antigenic properties of influenza virus hemagglutinin].

PMID- 3890372
TI  - [Anti-tuberculosis days 1925-1939].

PMID- 3890373
TI  - [Epidemiology and clinical aspects of Campylobacter enteritis in childhood].
AB  - Stool specimens of 478 children with enteritic symptoms were screened for
      enteropathogenic bacteria over a 5-month period. 28 cases of infection due to
      Campylobacter jejuni were found. The incidence of Campylobacter enteritis
      exceeded that of salmonella and shigella infections recorded over the same period
      (17 and 11 cases, respectively). Infected children-aged between 2 months and 15
      1/2 years-presented with symptoms of mild gastroenteritis. 18 patients had bloody
      diarrhoea, whilst 4 children aged between 4 and 9 years with abdominal pain
      showed a clinical picture mimicking acute appendicitis. Two severely dehydrated
      infants required parenteral fluids, but in the remaining cases dietetic treatment
      alone proved satisfactory.

PMID- 3890374
TI  - [Sonographic detection of fetal epiphyseal centers--an additional parameter for
      determining delivery date].
AB  - A new ultrasonic method based on X-ray concepts for depicting prenatally
      developed centers in the tarsal bones, calcaneus and talus, as well as and
      especially in the epiphysis centers of the fetal knee joint is described.
      Investigations of average collectives show that the center in the calcaneus
      becomes visible during the 24th week of pregnancy, on the average, whereas the
      center in the talus becomes visible during the 26th week after begin of
      amenorrhea. The growth charts of both these tarsal centers demonstrate almost
      linear growth until parturition, the very slight increase per week, however,
      limits the possibilities for their use in determining the period of gestation.
      The epiphysis center in the distal femur becomes visible by ultrasonic methods
      during the 32nd week of pregnancy, on the average, the center in the proximal
      tibia appears later, during the 37th week after amenorrhea begins. Both epiphysis
      centers show an almost linear increase in size from the time they first appear;
      the center in the femur, however, has a growth chart that shows levelling off
      after the 38th week of pregnancy. The differences between X-ray and ultrasonic
      representation, which become evident upon comparing growth charts as well as in a
      separate and direct comparison are shown to be due, through the results of a
      parallel histological study, to an increase in density of the cartilage matrix
      prior to ossification. Of the fetal factors which were investigated only the
      weight and length of the child show a slight, and for practical purposes
      negligable influence on the size of the epiphysis centers, whereby only the
      results showing that the femur centers tend to be larger when the child is
      heavier and longer appear significant. Neither sex nor maternal factors influence
      the size of the visible epiphysis centers in any way. A slight modification in
      the case of diabetics and pregnancy induced hypertension patients seems to most
      likely be due to the macrosomal and retarded children occurring in these groups.
      None of the factors investigated effect a significant difference in the
      ultrasonic development or time of appearance of the epiphysis centers. In view of
      the fact that growth charts show levelling off and of the wider biological
      scattering range of all parameters currently used to determine the duration of
      gestation during the last trimenon, making use of this new ultrasonic method with
      its double advantage - the first appearance of the centers during the last
      quarter of pregnancy as well as the following near-linear increase in size -
      seems to suggest itself.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3890375
TI  - [Etiology and pathophysiology of the diabetes mellitus syndromes].

PMID- 3890377
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus in childhood].

PMID- 3890376
TI  - [Possibilities and limits of oral diabetes therapy].

PMID- 3890378
TI  - [Diabetes and pregnancy].

PMID- 3890379
TI  - [Diabetes and the kidney].

PMID- 3890380
TI  - [Current diabetology--therapy with human insulin].

PMID- 3890381
TI  - Response errors and other problems of health interview surveys in developing
      countries.

PMID- 3890382
TI  - The potential of national household survey programmes for monitoring and
      evaluating primary health care in developing countries.

PMID- 3890383
TI  - The use of special surveys of health needs of elderly populations as a basis for
      establishing policies and plans.

PMID- 3890384
TI  - [Hegel's death].

PMID- 3890385
TI  - [Medical Society of Magdeburg in 1848--a medical history reflection].
AB  - The Medical Society of Magdeburg is one of the oldest associations of physicians
      in the territory of the German language. It was founded in 1848 following the
      discussions between the aspiring natural-scientifically orientated schools and
      the members of the medical profession who clung to the old habits of therapy
      which for the largest part developed from mysticism and symbolism. The society
      soon gained a scientific importance which transgressed the closer territorial
      boundaries. Distinguished representatives of medical science and practice were
      and are members of this society. As is was already in the past, the society is
      nowadays again a place of scientific meeting and postgraduate medical training,
      whereby it has retained its traditional progressive and interdisciplinary
      character and will be understood as the uniting tie for the whole medicine which
      now tends to frittering.

PMID- 3890386
TI  - [Behavior of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and vasopressin secretion
      in patients with renovascular hypertension or small kidney].
AB  - In 11 hypertensive subjects with unilateral and 8 patients with bilateral renal
      artery stenosis as well as in 7 hypertensive patients with a so-called small
      kidney and in 33 normotensive subjects the behaviour of the plasma osmolality,
      plasma aldosterone and vasopressin level (AVP) as well as of the plasma renin
      activity (PRA) were estimated twice. First after the supply of a normal salted
      diet (100-120 mmol NaCl/d) and 8 hr overnight recumbency, and a second time after
      NaCl restriction (20 mmol NaCl/d) for 3 days and 3-4 hr upright position. In
      hypertensive patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis and with a "small
      kidney" significantly elevated AVP-levels were found both before and after NaCl
      restriction in the diet as compared with normotensives. In contrast to
      normotensive subjects in hypertensive patients no significant correlation was
      found between plasma osmolality and AVP levels. No correlation was also found
      between plasma AVP-levels and blood pressure as well as between AVP-levels and
      PRA (with the exception of patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis). From
      the result obtained in this study the existence of a positive feedback mechanism
      between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the AVP-secretion and the
      participation of AVP in the pathogenesis of the hypertension caused by reduced
      blood supply of the kidneys is questioned.

PMID- 3890387
TI  - [Relation of glucose tolerance and intracellular sodium concentration].
AB  - In rabbits with standard diet, in cholesterolaemic rabbits, in pregnant women
      with physiological hyperinsulinism and in a control group with lower peripheral
      insulin concentrations after glucose load negative correlations were found
      between the intracellular sodium content and the KG-value of the intravenous
      glucose tolerance test. The hormonally regulated blood glucose regulating circle
      was a prerequisite for these relations, since in vitro a high sodium
      concentration in the erythrocytes was connected with a high glucose uptake rate.
      The findings in the total organism were explained by cell membrane properties
      which stabilise the level of the intracellular sodium concentration as well as
      are important for functions of the blood glucose regulating circle. As a link
      between the carbohydrate metabolism and the electrolyte metabolism the SH-groups
      of the cell membrane were discussed. This concept was used for a
      pathophysiological explanation of the higher erythrocytic sodium concentrations
      proved in manifest diabetics.

PMID- 3890388
TI  - [Auxiliary liver transplantation in an animal experiment--a novel surgical
      model].
AB  - At the problem of the auxiliary liver transplantation has been worked for about
      30 years. Extensive series of tests with animals with a novel transplantation
      model justify these promises well of a successful clinical use. Laboratory
      chemical, histologic, angiographic and nuclearmedical examinations prove the
      fitness of this method. Basic supposition for a success is the preservation of
      physiological conditions at the donor liver with sufficient perfusion of the
      recipient liver.

PMID- 3890389
TI  - [Heart transplantation in the rat--the heterotopic auxiliary model].
AB  - Heart transplantation in the rat is a simple microsurgical technique to study
      immunological problems of primary vascularized organs. The heterotopic auxiliary
      transplant model with a modified venous anastomosis is described in detail. This
      technique seems to be suitable for persons still learning without much
      microsurgical experience.

PMID- 3890390
TI  - [The "unspecific" immune state in skin diseases with special reference to
      microphage functions].
AB  - Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) or microphages resp. are essentially
      involved, on account of their ubiquity within the entire organism as well as
      their phagocytic and intracellular killing properties, in the complex
      organization of the antimicrobial and antitumoral protective capacity of man.
      Positive chemotaxis triggers the migration of PMNL to the specific danger area
      and thus initiates an immune reaction. An either inborn or acquired defect or
      functional weakness of PMNL may entail a state of persisting viral, fungal and/or
      bacterial infections. Impairment of various PMNL functions may result from
      different metabolic disorders, internal malignancies, and/or immunosuppressive
      therapy. Disturbances of various PMNL functions can be especially analysed in
      vitro. After delineation of different techniques available to check the
      immunological defense system of the human organism, we report on our results of
      PMNL function analysis in patients suffering from chronically recurrent pyoderma
      (n = 22), oral precancer and cancer (n = 13), chronic mucocutaneous candidosis (n
      = 10), recurrent aphthous ulcers (n = 33), as well as Behcet's disease (n = 20).

PMID- 3890391
TI  - Comparative pharmacodynamics of furosemide and muzolimine in cirrhosis. Study on
      renal sodium and potassium handling and renin-aldosterone axis.
AB  - Ten male cirrhotic patients with ascites and reduced renal function were randomly
      given equivalent doses of furosemide and muzolimine by the oral route, through a
      single blind cross-over protocol. Renal function, electrolyte plasma
      concentrations and urinary excretions and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
      components were evaluated under basal conditions and after drug administration.
      The diuretic and saluretic effects being equal, the response to muzolimine was
      initially weaker but more prolonged than to furosemide, without rebound
      phenomena. The furosemide-induced natriuresis was in part related to the filtered
      sodium load, whereas muzolimine natriuresis was only correlated to the inhibition
      of tubular sodium reabsorption. No potassium wasting effect was seen after
      muzolimine administration. Transient plasma potassium concentration reduction
      observed during muzolimine suggests an ion shift within the intracellular
      compartment. Therefore, a possible interaction of the drug with cellular sodium
      active transport systems can be hypothesized. A significant increase of plasma
      renin activity was observed after furosemide. No significant changes were seen
      after muzolimine administration.

PMID- 3890392
TI  - Diuretics in cardiovascular therapy. Perusing the past, practising in the
      present, preparing for the future.
AB  - Diuretics are the mainstay of drug therapy in the treatment of many
      cardiovascular disorders. However, perusal of knowledge of their haemodynamic
      activities in heart failure and hypertension reveals major gaps. In left
      ventricular failure complicating acute myocardial infarction, intravenous
      frusemide reduces the elevated left heart filling pressure with little change in
      systemic blood pressure, heart rate or cardiac output, and restores the ability
      of the left heart to handle an acute increase in filling volume. But there is
      little knowledge of the haemodynamic effects of other intravenous diuretics, oral
      diuretics or diuretics other than those acting on the loop of Henle in this
      emergency clinical situation. Even less information is available on the
      haemodynamic effects of diuretics in patients in chronic heart failure. In
      patients with valvular heart disease, parenteral mercury and oral thiazides
      reduce right heart and pulmonary vascular pressures with variable (dose
      dependent?) changes in cardiac output. Information on the effect of loop
      diuretics, the comparative effects of intravenous versus oral routes of
      administration and dose-response correlations are all lacking. In hypertension,
      the dose-blood pressure lowering response relationship of orally administered
      diuretics is relatively flat. The majority of information relates to oral
      thiazides; there is little reliable information on the anti-hypertensive efficacy
      of the loop diuretics. The acute and chronic effects of the majority of commonly
      used diuretics on cardiac and peripheral vascular functions is unexplained. More
      is known of their potentially adverse metabolic effects than of their possible
      circulatory benefits in hypertensive patients. Many unwanted side-effects of
      these drugs have been described; their potential importance is related directly
      to the disease state and doses in which they are used. In acute heart failure,
      their potential danger is probably minimal. In the treatment of chronic heart
      failure their most sinister potential is in the excessive secretion of potassium
      and magnesium. In hypertensive patients their long-term administration in high
      doses may lead to undesirable metabolic effects that tend to offset their blood
      pressure lowering activity. Despite their drawbacks, diuretics continue to
      provide the natural first-line treatment of choice of these common cardiovascular
      syndromes. But more information on their mechanisms of vascular activities and
      the differences in non-diuretic activity between different compounds is urgently
      required.

PMID- 3890393
TI  - Is the antihypertensive effect of muzolimine due to volume depletion?
AB  - Long-term treatment with muzolimine in patients with essential hypertension has
      provided very interesting results. The administration of the drug caused an
      immediate significant decrease in blood pressure which was then maintained for as
      long as 30 months. The fall in blood pressure was initially associated with a
      significant decrease in body weight, a clear rise in plasma renin activity (PRA)
      and a significant increase in plasma aldosterone concentration; all these changes
      are consistent with a depletion of extracellular volume and blood volume. With
      time, however, the mentioned changes were reversed. Body weight, PRA and plasma
      aldosterone were normalized after three weeks of treatment and remained normal
      thereafter. This late observation suggests a normalization in extracellular fluid
      volume and blood volume, and an antihypertensive effect of the drug independent
      from volume depletion. How can this effect occur? One possible explanation is a
      direct vasodilatory effect of muzolimine which has been shown in experimental
      animals. Against such a possibility is the unsuccessful treatment of hypertension
      in oliguric patients on regular dialysis treatment. A second possibility is a
      decrease in sodium content of the arteriolar wall with the consequent decrease in
      vascular response to pressor agents (angiotensin II, catecholamines). A third
      possibility is a hemodynamic adjustment to the initial volume depletion which
      would normalize cardiac output and peripheral resistances (autoregulation) so
      that normal blood pressure is maintained as in normal subjects.

PMID- 3890394
TI  - Comparative study of muzolimine and acebutolol in the treatment of moderate
      hypertension.
AB  - In a controlled double-blind study the effect of muzolimine (20 mg o.d.) and
      acebutolol (400 mg o.d.) were investigated in outpatients suffering from moderate
      essential hypertension. After a three week placebo run-in period, 49 patients
      were recruited and followed by a cooperative group of general practitioners over
      a period of 3 months. Blood pressure decreased to the same extent in both groups.
      With regard to clinical and biological tolerance, no differences appeared between
      the two drugs.

PMID- 3890395
TI  - Interference on metabolism induced by muzolimine and chlorthalidone in type II
      hypertensive diabetics.
AB  - There is a very high prevalence of hypertension in diabetic subjects, which makes
      it necessary to use an antihypertensive drug with the least possible metabolic
      interference. For example, in the early phase of hypertension, diuretics usually
      worsen the metabolic equilibrium. According to recent reports, a new diuretic,
      muzolimine (MZ), which acts on the loop of Henle, seems to present a minor effect
      on carbohydrate metabolic balance. In order to determine whether this assumption
      was correct or not, we carried out a clinical trial on 26 type II (non-insulin
      dependent) diabetics, in fairly good metabolic control and with moderate
      hypertension (orthostatic diastolic pressure from 100 to 115 mmHg), comparing the
      effect of MZ with those of chlorthalidone (CL). According to a randomized, single
      blind cross-over design, the patients were treated with MZ (20 mg/day) or CL (50
      mg/day) for the duration of 4 weeks. After the treatment period with the first
      drug, there was a 2 week wash-out period on placebo (PL) before the second drug
      was given. During the study, a set of metabolic and non-metabolic parameters was
      monitored, as were the clinostatic and orthostatic blood pressure values. The
      results show that the antihypertensive effect of the two drugs was the same (both
      caused a more than 10% decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure). No
      significant changes in plasma electrolyte levels occurred. There was a
      significant (p less than 0.05) increase in urinary aldosterone excretion after CL
      (20.7 +/- 11 micrograms/24 hours vs. 13.3 +/- 8.5 after PL, and 14.5 +/- 7.2
      after MZ) (mean values +/- standard deviations).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3890396
TI  - [Noninvasive diagnosis of cerebral circulatory disorders].
AB  - Percutaneous measurements by Doppler sonography over the carotid and vertebral
      arteries of the neck may detect the presence of stenosis in arteries with a high
      precisions especially for the carotid arteries. This paper shall give a survey of
      the methods of directional Dopplersonography, its principle and techniques.

PMID- 3890397
TI  - Enhanced production of cell-bound and extracellular streptolysin S by hemolytic
      streptococci pretreated with proteases.
AB  - The amount of streptolysin S produced by resting streptococci was considerably
      increased after incubation of the washed bacteria with trypsin or pronase.
      Production of both cell-bound and free forms of the toxin was enhanced by the
      protease treatment. By addition of trypsin, streptolysin S yield was considerably
      increased in growing culture as well. Treatment with lysozyme was ineffective,
      and the toxin production was only slightly promoted by preincubation with
      hyaluronidase or chymotrypsin. In contrast, pretreatment with chymotrypsin caused
      increased production of an extracellular nuclease, whereas the yield of this
      enzyme was reduced after incubation of the cocci with pronase. Evidence was
      obtained indicating de novo synthesis of the exotoxin in the protease-treated
      bacteria.

PMID- 3890398
TI  - Post-exposure active immunoprophylaxis of spouses of acute viral hepatitis B
      patients.
AB  - Post-exposure efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine was evaluated in susceptible sexual
      partners of acute hepatitis B patients in a randomized double-blind, placebo
      controlled trial in Greece. Vaccine (20 micrograms dose) or placebo was repeated
      one and six months after initial administration. Nine months' follow-up was
      completed by 146/160 entrants. Vaccinated (16.0%) and control spouses (18.3%)
      showed similar attack rates for all infections. The vaccine group had fewer
      clinical infections (2.7% against 7.0%) and fewer infections occurring more than
      one month after first vaccination (8.7% against 14.7%). These differences are not
      statistically significant, but suggest modification of infection. Overall, the
      attack rate was lower (p less than 0.01) for male spouses (6.4%) than for females
      (22.4%). It may be necessary to complement hepatitis B vaccination with hepatitis
      B immunoglobulin to protect this high-risk group.

PMID- 3890399
TI  - Immunopotentiating conjugates.
AB  - Current interest in the development of sub-cellular vaccines and in cancer
      immunotherapy has rekindled interest in immunopotentiating agents. In addition,
      peptide sequences of protective antigens are being synthesized or genetically
      engineered and it is likely that these peptides will have a small relative
      molecular mass and be non-immunogenic by themselves. A variety of experimental
      studies have shown that such protective antigens could be included in conjugated
      vaccines with carrier protein and/or immunopotentiator. The insertion of peptides
      with hydrophobic sequences into artificial lipid bilayers (liposomes) offers
      another mode of presentation of antigen to the immune system.

PMID- 3890400
TI  - The use of cheek retractors during impression making.

PMID- 3890401
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the changes in the concentrations of sugar,
      insulin, glucagon and cortisol of the blood in atopic dermatitis and eczema
      patients].

PMID- 3890402
TI  - [Soviet dermatologists in World War II 1941-1945].

PMID- 3890403
TI  - [O. N. Podvysotskaia (on the centenary of her birth)].

PMID- 3890404
TI  - [Identification of the cells of dermal proliferation in hemodermias (malignant
      lymphomas)].

PMID- 3890405
TI  - Cell surface receptors for lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus on subpopulation
      of macrophages.
AB  - We examined the binding and internalization of unlabeled and 125I-labeled,
      purified lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) by peritoneal macrophages
      cultured in vitro. Upon incubation of the cells at 4 degrees C with greater than
      100 ID50/cell, the virus was surface-bound on a small subpopulation of
      macrophages (about 5% of the total cells) as determined by electron microscopy,
      fluorescent antibody staining, and autoradiography of cells incubated with 125I
      labeled LDV. At 37 degrees C, LDV particles were seen in intracellular endocytic
      vesicles also in about 5% of the cells, and the proportion of cells with virus
      containing vesicles correlated with the proportion of cells which became
      productively infected with LDV as assessed by determining LDV RNA synthesis in
      individual cells and by fluorescent antibody staining. Pretreatment of the
      resident peritoneal macrophages with trypsin inhibited the binding of 125I
      labeled LDV and the productive infection of the cells with the virus. After
      removal of the trypsin and incubation in complete medium, permissiveness for LDV
      reappeared after an 8-12 h lag, whereas Fc and C3 receptors reappeared more
      rapidly after trypsin treatment. Populations of resident peritoneal macrophages,
      starch-elicited peritoneal macrophages, splenic macrophages, and bone marrow
      macrophages contained a similar proportion of cells that could be productively
      infected with LDV. Little, if any, LDV replication was detected in cultures of
      lung, liver and peripheral blood macrophages as well as in thioglycollate
      elicited and BCG-activated macrophages. We conclude that the permissiveness for
      LDV of resident peritoneal macrophages correlates with the presence of a trypsin
      sensitive receptor present on a subpopulation of these cells. The identity of the
      receptor has not been definitively established. Treatment of macrophages with
      neuraminidase or various sugars had no significant effect on LDV replication.
      Lysis of I-A-positive macrophages with a monoclonal antibody and complement
      reduced the number of macrophages which could be productively infected by 50%,
      which suggests that macrophages lacking surface Ia can be productively infected
      with LDV in vitro.

PMID- 3890407
TI  - Public health implications of alcohol production and trade.

PMID- 3890406
TI  - Rabies virus binding at neuromuscular junctions.
AB  - Morphological, immunocytochemical, biochemical, and immunological techniques have
      been used to describe rabies virus binding to a sub-cellular unit and molecular
      complex at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Early after infection in vivo, virus
      antigen and virus particles were found by immunofluorescence, electron microscopy
      and immunoelectron microscopy in regions of high density acetylcholine receptors
      (AChR) at NMJs. One monoclonal antibody (alpha-Mab) to the alpha subunit of the
      AChR blocked attachment of radio-labeled rabies virus to cultured muscle cells
      bearing high density patches of AChR. A sub-cellular structure, resembling an
      array of AChR monomers, bound both rabies virus antigens and alpha-Mab. By
      immunoblotting with electrophoretically transferred motor endplate proteins,
      rabies virus proteins and alpha-Mab bound to two proteins of 43 000 and 110 000
      daltons. A rabies virus glycoprotein antibody detected virus antigen bound to the
      110 000 dalton protein. An auto-immune (anti-idiotypic) response followed
      immunization of mice with rabies virus glycoprotein antigen; the antibody was
      directed to the 110 000 dalton protein. This auto-antibody altered the kinetics
      of neutralization by rabies virus antibody and induced the formation of rabies
      virus antibody after inoculation of mice. These results define, at the
      neuromuscular junction, a rabies virus receptor which may be part of the
      acetylcholine receptor complex.

PMID- 3890408
TI  - [Analysis of proteins in food with electrophoretic and chromatographic methods].
AB  - The efficiency of electrophoretic methods (gel electrophoresis, isoelectric
      focusing, twodimensional techniques) and of chromatographic methods (size
      exclusion and ion exchange chromatography, reversed phase HPLC) to analyze
      proteins in foods is reviewed. Several selected applications are discussed in
      detail. The large diversity of proteins in a particular food results in a unique
      electrophoretic or chromatographic pattern, that can be used for identification
      purposes, by means of the so called indicator proteins. The adaptability and
      resolving power of the methods assure their extended application to many protein
      containing foods. The uniqueness of the patterns obtained warranties
      differentiations of even closely related animal or plant foods as well as
      mixtures of them. The methods also allow quantitative determinations of mixtures
      of foods. Their ease of handling and good reproducibility and reliability favours
      their use in routine analyses. Numerous investigations on fish, meat and derived
      products, non-meat proteins in meat products, milk, cheese, cereals and products
      made of cereals, oilseed proteins, legumes, fruits and vegetables described in
      the literature are here presented.

PMID- 3890409
TI  - Determination of residual ethylene dibromide in cereals by glass capillary gas
      chromatography.
AB  - This study describes two methods for the quantitative determination of residual
      ethylene dibromide (1,2-dibromoethane) in cereals, especially wheat, and in dried
      fruit. The first method is based on a solvent-extraction technique; in the second
      a continuous micro steam-distillation--solvent-extraction apparatus is used. The
      quantitative determination of ethylene dibromide is performed by electron-capture
      gas chromatography using a glass capillary column coated with CPwax 51. The
      absolute detection limit for EDB is 0.5 pg and recoveries of 82 and 98% resp. are
      obtained for samples with EDB added in the range of 10 to 50 micrograms/kg. 75
      samples of cereal products and 19 samples of dried fruit have been analysed with
      the solvent extraction method. For 22 samples the micro steam-distillation
      solvent-extraction technique has been used.

PMID- 3890410
TI  - Cancer of the gallbladder in a 9-year-old girl.
AB  - Carcinoma of the gallbladder was found in a 9-year-old girl. The patient was
      transferred to our hospital because of an abdominal mass and right upper quadrant
      pain. X-ray cholecystography and ultrasonography were performed preoperatively.
      The ultrasonic scan showed a thickened wall and lack of contractility of the
      gallbladder. A laparotomy was performed under the diagnosis of chronic
      cholecystitis. At operation a peanut-sized nodule, in which adeno carcinoma was
      demonstrated by frozen section, was palpable at the neck of the gallbladder.
      Cholecystectomy was performed with T-tube drainage and postoperative chemotherapy
      was administered. The patient has had no evidence of tumour recurrence in 24
      months of follow-up.

PMID- 3890411
TI  - End-to-end anastomosis in oesophageal atresia--clinical application of
      experimental experiences.
AB  - During the 70's, several investigations were made concerning the healing of
      oesophageal anastomoses under experimental conditions. The experiences were
      successively applied to the treatment of oesophageal atresia. Between 1969 and
      1982, a total of 49 patients were operated upon with primary end-to-end
      anastomoses. The material was divided in an earlier and a later series. The
      result of the later series was better with respect to anastomotic leakage,
      strictures and mortality. This might be the effect of the modified treatment
      according to the clinical application of the experimental experiences reviewed in
      this paper.

PMID- 3890412
TI  - Anastomotic leak and recurrent fistula following operation of oesophageal
      atresia.
AB  - Experiences from 14 disruptions of oesophageal sutures and with 8 cases of
      recurrent fistula from 1973 to 1982 are described. Healing of an early
      oesophageal insufficiency could be achieved by conservative means in 3 newborns.
      Conservative therapy seems to be possible if life-threatening clinical conditions
      are reduced effectively. 6 oesophago-pulmonary and recurrent oesophago-tracheal
      fistulas were closed operatively, two cases closed spontaneously.

PMID- 3890413
TI  - Wandering distal ends of ventriculo-peritoneal shunts.
AB  - Spontaneous migration with extrusion of the distal catheter is an unusual
      complication of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt for hydrocephalus. Four instances of
      disconnection migration are reported: one into a patent processus vaginalis and
      three extruding per rectum.

PMID- 3890414
TI  - Duhamel-Sulamaa operation for Hirschsprung's disease--early and late results in
      forty-eight patients.
AB  - The Sulamaa modification of the Duhamel procedure and the early and late results
      of the first 48 patients are reported. A specially devised clamp is used in the
      colorectal side-to-side anastomosis with no intra-abdominal or intrapelvic
      anastomoses being required. There were no mortality and no anastomotic leaks
      among the patients. A postoperative septum between rectum and the pull-through
      segment developed in 35% of the patients. Soiling and, in some cases,
      constipation, were the main symptoms of septum formation. These problems ceased
      after reclamping of the septum. At the last follow-up, 2 to 15 years after
      surgery, 37 patients had normal bowel habits, 4 had occasional soiling and 7, six
      of whom are mentally retarded, daily soiling. None of the children had
      constipation. The Duhamel-Sulamaa operation gives satisfactory long-term results
      in the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease. Septic anastomotic complications
      appear to be avoidable with this technique, but the significant frequency of
      postoperative septum formation requires close early follow up of the operated
      patients.

PMID- 3890415
TI  - [Immunohistochemical determination of maternal and child blood groups (ABO) in
      mature placental tissue].
AB  - Using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique (PAP method), ABO characteristics
      of mother and child were correctly identified in tissue specimens from 10 mature
      human placentas. In one case, a weak infantile A reaction was overlooked in the
      agglutination test but correctly identified by immunohistochemistry. In
      accordance with the weak expression of ABO characteristics in cord blood,
      immunohistochemical labeling of infantile erythrocytes with monoclonal and human
      antibodies, as well as Ulex europeaeus agglutinin I (UEA I), was less pronounced
      than that of mature erythrocytes. Labeling of the chorionic vessel endothelium,
      in contrast to that of adult endothelial tissue, was negative with anti-A or anti
      B but, regardless of the infantile blood group, pronounced with UEA I. Regular
      identification of the blood groups was possible in decomposed placental tissue
      stored at room temperature for 1 week, but not in tissue stored for 2 or more
      weeks.

PMID- 3890416
TI  - [Paolo Zacchia--the father of forensic medicine, 400 years after his birth].
AB  - This article was the historical introductory lecture in the opening session of
      the Annual Meeting of the Polish Society of Forensic Medicine and Criminology
      held on 20 September 1984, in Katowice. Paolo Zacchia (1584-1659) was one of the
      fathers of forensic medicine and social hygiene, which were combined in his time.
      His work Quaestiones medico-legales is well known internationally.

PMID- 3890418
TI  - [Standard solutions for the reduced dentition].

PMID- 3890417
TI  - [Value of bacteriologic studies within the scope of forensic autopsies].
AB  - The various questions regarding bacteriological investigations within the scope
      of forensic autopsies are discussed in the light of our own cases and with regard
      to the relevant literature: estimate of the age of the corpse on the basis of
      decomposition changes caused by bacteria; determination of so-called
      bacteriograms from the point of view of criminalistics; supplementary
      investigations of the cause of death. Iatrogenic infections (e.g., gangrene) are
      gone into in more detail, as is so-called infantile botulism within the scope of
      the "sudden infant death syndrome". Finally, it is pointed out that when doing
      forensic autopsies, thought should also be given to illnesses that have only been
      known for a few years, examples being legionnaires' disease and the toxic shock
      syndrome ("tampon sickness").

PMID- 3890419
TI  - [Tissue-integrated dental prostheses].

PMID- 3890420
TI  - [Therapy of vesicoureterorenal reflux in childhood--report of 10 years'
      experience with Lich-Gregoir antireflux-plasty].
AB  - In a ten years period 186 extravesical antireflux operations (Lich-Gregoir) were
      performed in 145 children. Indications, surgical technique, postoperative
      complications, reflux recurrence, and pyelonephritis are described and discussed
      with regard to the literature. In 66 children followed up for more than 4 years
      there were 6 cases (9%) with persisting pyelonephritis. No postoperative ostium
      stenosis occurred. The authors prefer the extravesical approach because of its
      relative easy operative technique, its safety in removing the reflux, and the
      avoidance of operative manipulations at the ostium, which may cause postoperative
      ostium stenosis.

PMID- 3890421
TI  - [Ambulatory operative treatment of fresh fibular ligament ruptures].
AB  - Sudden accidental supination of the foot often causes the fibular ligament to be
      ruptured which is mostly mistaken for a sprained ankle and treated
      conservatively. From May 1977 to February 1984 we treated 431 cases of this kind
      surgically by suture of the ruptured ligament. Also in children suture of the
      ligament is indicated. The operation can be performed as an outpatient procedure.

PMID- 3890422
TI  - [Operative treatment of older ulnar collateral ligament ruptures of the thumb
      base joint with the sandwich method].

PMID- 3890423
TI  - [Our surgical heritage. Thoracoplasty--discussion of a painting].
AB  - The author reports on a hitherto unknown painting of the South-German artist
      Hermann Otto Hoyer, representing 'Geheimrat' Ferdinand Sauerbruch surrounded by
      his coworkers Rudolf Nissen, Alfred Brunner, Emil-Karl Frey, Bernhard Jehn and
      Willi Felix in Munich 1922.

PMID- 3890424
TI  - [Recommendation for a systematic solution of documenting findings in obstetrical
      and gynecologic ultrasound diagnosis].
AB  - Ultrasonic findings in a women's clinic are very heterogeneous. In their totality
      they will be unmethodical very quick. Therefore we decided to organize four
      separate card indexes: 1. gynaecologic findings; 2. breast diagnostics; 3.
      supervision of pregnancy and look for fetal malformations; 4. single findings in
      pregnancy.--Each card index does not exceed 2000 to 3000 patients by appropriate
      actualization. A filing card for supervision of pregnancy and systemic detection
      of fetal malformations is created.

PMID- 3890425
TI  - Evaluation of API 20 NE in routine diagnostics of nonfermenting gram-negative rod
      shaped bacteria.
AB  - 292 strains of non-fermenting Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria were determined
      by standard methods and tested in a new commercial microidentification-system,
      the API 20 NE (api Biomerieux). A total of 282 (= 96,6%) strains were identified
      conformably; 130 (= 46,1%) after 24 h and 77 (= 27,3%) within 48 h. In 75 (=
      26,6%) cases different conventional additional tests for determination to species
      level were necessary. The reasons for divergent results of 10 strains are
      discussed. The new microidentification system API 20 NE might be a simple and
      reliable tool in hand of the skilled medical microbiologist.

PMID- 3890426
TI  - The influence of penicillin on growth and morphology of Streptococcus pyogenes in
      vivo.
AB  - The influence of penicillin (pc) on the growth, phagocytosis and killing of
      Streptococcus pyogenes was studied for an M protein positive (M+) and an M
      protein negative (M-) strain in vivo as well as in vitro. In vivo studies were
      based on a tissue cage model and the analyses were performed by CFU
      determinations and electron microscopic investigations. The M- strain was easily
      phagocytized with and without pc, but killing only occurred after pc treatment
      and thus the number of viable bacteria rapidly decreased under the influence of
      pc. M+ streptococci were not reduced in numbers by pc-treatment in vivo, but
      morphological changes and at high pc concentrations, phagocytosis could be seen.
      When this strain (M+) was cultivated in the absence of pc, the phagocytic cells
      were totally destroyed - a reaction that was prevented by penicillin. Variations
      in surface morphology of the two strains seem to influence the differences in
      sensitivity to penicillin, phagocytosis and killing.

PMID- 3890427
TI  - [Role of various endocrine glands in the pathogenesis of the neurologic symptoms
      of lumbar osteochondrosis].
AB  - Parathyroid hormone, thyrocalciotonin, testosterone, estradiol, aldosterone and
      renin activity of the blood plasma were radioimmunoassayed in 142 patients with
      neurological manifestations of lumbar osteochondritis. The blood levels of
      parathyroid hormone and, to a lesser degree, those of thyrocalciotonin were
      elevated. The levels depended on the severity and duration of the pain syndrome
      while thyrocalciotonin excretion depended on the degree of the degenerative
      dystrophic process in the spinal column. Prolonged pain syndrome was associated
      with an inhibited function of the gonads and the mineralocorticoid layer of the
      adrenals. A hypothesis is advanced, which explains the participation of the
      endocrine glands in the etiopathogenesis of lumbar osteochondritis and its
      neurological manifestations.

PMID- 3890428
TI  - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in the treatment of facial neuritis].
AB  - The effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) in a multiple modality therapy
      versus the conventional treatment of patients with facial neuritis was
      investigated. HBO was used in the treatment of 42 patients. Twenty-nine patients
      with a similar picture of the diseases treated by conventional methods without
      the use of HBO constituted the control group. The inclusion of hyperbaric
      oxygenation in to the multiple modality treatment of patients with facial
      neuritis increased the efficacy of therapy and reduced the period needed for the
      restoration of the function of the damaged nerve.

PMID- 3890429
TI  - [Sleep disorders in endogenous depressions (review)].

PMID- 3890430
TI  - [Definition and limits to the use of the concept of "dysphoria" in modern
      psychiatry (review)].

PMID- 3890431
TI  - [Neurosurgical services to the wounded during World War II].

PMID- 3890432
TI  - [Intracranial endoscopy (review of the literature)].

PMID- 3890433
TI  - Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation changes in yeast ribosomal proteins S2 and S6
      during growth under normal and hyperthermal conditions.
AB  - Dynamic changes were observed in the phosphorylation level of a basic ribosomal
      protein S6 under different growth conditions of yeast culture. The maximum level
      of S6 phosphorylation occurred within 30 min of 32P-labelling after the transfer
      of cells into fresh nutrient medium. The elevation of temperature to supraoptimal
      level (38 degrees C and 41 degrees C) led to extensive dephosphorylation of S6
      protein, and the recovery from heat shock was characterized by its
      rephosphorylation. Contrary to S6, phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S2
      remained on unchanged level, irrespective of growth conditions.

PMID- 3890434
TI  - Chemical synthesis of a pentaribonucleoside tetraphosphate constituting the 3'
      acceptor stem sequence of E. coli tRNAIle using 2'-O-(3-methoxy-1,5
      dicarbomethoxypentan-3-yl)-ribonucleoside building blocks. Application of a new
      achiral and acid-labile 2'-hydroxyl protecting group in tRNA synthesis.
AB  - A synthesis of a pentaribonucleotide fragment constituting the residues 59-63 of
      3'-terminus of E. coli tRNAIle, 5'-ApGpUpCpC-3', has been carried out using a
      new, easily accessible and achiral 2'-ketal protecting group. The new 2'-ketal
      group has an additional advantage in that it is easily functionalized to the
      diamide with aqueous ammonia in the penultimate step of deblocking of fully
      protected oligoribonucleotides. Such a functionalization of the 2'-ketal group at
      the penultimate step of deblocking of the fully protected tRNA molecule enhances
      its relative rate of removal under an acidic condition with a minimum of damage
      of the target tRNA molecule.

PMID- 3890435
TI  - Comparison of a narcotic (oxicone) and a non-narcotic anti-inflammatory analgesic
      (indoprofen) in the treatment of renal colic.
AB  - Intravenous indoprofen (400 mg), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, was compared with
      intramuscular oxicodone hydrochloride (= oxicone 10 mg), a narcotic analgesic
      agent, in regard to efficacy and side effects in the treatment of renal colic.
      Oxicone was combined with papaverine (20 mg). Patients were randomized to either
      treatment, and the drugs were given in double-dummy fashion, i.e. one injection
      of active drug plus one placebo injection. Pain intensity before and after
      treatment was registered by the patient (visual analog scale) and by a nurse, who
      also registered side effects. Oxicone was given to 46 patients and indoprofen to
      48. The groups did not differ in body weight, age, sex distribution, or
      pretreatment intensity of pain. More patients required additional treatment in
      the oxicone than in the indoprofen group (19 v. 10). At 2-5 min after injection,
      pain reduction was greater with indoprofen, and more patients in this group had
      pain relief after 3-5 hours. Side effects were less frequent with indoprofen than
      with oxicone (1 v. 20 patients), in particular from the central nervous system.
      This difference probably was related to indoprofen's slow and poor penetration of
      the blood-brain barrier. The study affirmed that non-narcotic cyclooxygenase
      inhibitors can replace narcotic analgesics for acute pain alleviation in renal
      colic. Indoprofen seems to be a useful alternative, with low risk of central
      nervous side effects.

PMID- 3890436
TI  - Single-dose intravenous metronidazole v. doxycycline prophylaxis in colorectal
      surgery. An open prospective, randomized trial.
AB  - In an open prospective, randomized study of antimicrobial prophylaxis in
      colorectal surgery, using a single intravenous dose, metronidazole (1 g) was more
      effective than doxycycline (0.2 g). The difference in infection rates (2/41 = 5%
      v. 7/33 = 21%) was statistically significant. Prolonged administration of either
      agent (2-7 days) yielded results comparable to those with single doses. Five
      emergency cases were admitted to the study. In two of them, a metronidazole-based
      therapeutic regimen prevented postoperative infection, whereas infection occurred
      in all 3 patients given doxycycline therapy. The total infection rate after
      elective surgery was 4% with metronidazole and 25% with doxycycline prophylaxis.
      The infections in the metronidazole group were superficial and caused by
      Escherichia coli, whereas half of the infections in the doxycycline group were
      intra-abdominal and due to intestinal aerobic and/or anaerobic bacteria. In
      contrast to doxycycline, therefore, metronidazole prevented postoperative
      anaerobic infection and was associated with low incidence of aerobic infection.

PMID- 3890437
TI  - Migration of Kirschner pin from clavicle into ascending aorta.
AB  - Kirschner pins are widely used for fixation of bone, with few and very rarely
      serious complications. A case is described in which a Kirschner pin migrated in
      10 days from the sternal end of the left clavicle into the lumen of the ascending
      aorta. The exact location of the pin remained unknown until right thoracotomy,
      during which X-ray examination revealed the unexpected situation. The pin was
      simply extracted by pushing it through the vessel wall. The patient recovered
      uneventfully. The complication could have been prevented by bending the outer
      part of the pins. The possible route of migration is discussed.

PMID- 3890438
TI  - The Fc-receptor function of human mononuclear phagocyte system: physiological
      role, alteration in immune diseases and modulation.

PMID- 3890439
TI  - Rheumatoid pleural effusion. A transmission and scanning electron microscopic
      evaluation.
AB  - The pathognomonic triad of a rheumatoid pleural effusion (round multinucleated
      inflammatory giant cells, large elongated cells and a background of granular
      material) has only rarely been reported, with only one case examined by electron
      microscopy. This paper present an additional case with emphasis on its
      ultrastructural features and immunochemical characteristics. Our data support an
      origin of the components of the effusions in the pleural rheumatoid nodules.

PMID- 3890440
TI  - Peroxidase-labeled antibody staining for carcinoembryonic antigen of cytologic
      specimens for light and electron microscopy.
AB  - Immunohistochemical staining methods suitable for light and electron microscopic
      examination of cytologic specimens are described. Application of the methods
      clearly demonstrated the localization of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in
      adenocarcinoma cells in body fluids. The use of a peroxidase-labeled antibody
      method permits rapid penetration of the cells by the antibody, which is not
      achieved by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase or avidin-biotin-peroxidase-complex
      staining methods. Since mesothelial and inflammatory cells are negative for CEA,
      the staining of body fluids for CEA is expected to be an extremely useful tool
      for the differential diagnosis of adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 3890441
TI  - Prostatic acid phosphatase immunoperoxidase staining of cytologically positive
      effusions associated with adenocarcinomas of the prostate and neoplasms of
      undetermined origin.
AB  - An immunoperoxidase staining technique was employed in an effort to demonstrate
      prostatic acid phosphatase in sections of the effusion cell blocks in a
      retrospective investigation of the incidence of malignant prostatic cells in body
      cavity effusions in 33 patients with histologically confirmed prostatic cancer.
      An attempt was also made to identify the prostate as a possible anatomic site of
      origin in 26 patients with an unknown primary but with cytologically positive
      fluids. Neoplastic cells were identified in the effusion specimens in 21.2% of
      the patients with confirmed prostatic cancer; the sources, however, were either
      primary or metastatic carcinomas of nonprostatic origin. None of the cytologic
      specimens in this study demonstrated a positive prostate-specific acid
      phosphatase staining reaction, as did the prostatic metastases to the lungs used
      as controls.

PMID- 3890442
TI  - The cytopathology of reactions to ventricular shunts.
AB  - A common cause of malfunctioning ventricular shunts is the occlusion of either
      tip by a variety of normal or reactive tissues and foreign substances. A six-year
      old girl with communicating hydrocephalus and a meningomyelocele, a 48-year-old
      man with an ependymoma and an 11-year-old boy with a pineal germinoma had
      multinucleated histiocytic giant cells and ependymal cells in cerebrospinal fluid
      obtained from their ventricular shunts. These cellular changes were interpreted
      as the cytologic counterpart of the foreign-body inflammatory reactions often
      seen histologically on occluded shunt tips. Numerous clusters of benign choroid
      plexus epithelium were found in an ascitic fluid from a six-year-old girl with an
      optic nerve glioma and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Such embolism of normal
      tissues must be distinguished from metastases from intracranial neoplasms.

PMID- 3890443
TI  - Stereotactic biopsy of low-grade giant-cell astrocytoma.
AB  - Stereotactic biopsy was used to sample a hypodense lesion of the left temporo
      occipital lobes in a 32-year-old female with a history of grand mal seizures.
      Although the intraoperative cytologic examination showed a picture suggestive of
      malignancy, including giant cells and atypical mitotic figures, the clinical and
      radiologic history militated against a malignant nature for the lesion, which was
      thus classified as a low-grade giant-cell astrocytoma. This case emphasizes both
      the utility of intraoperative cytologic examination of stereotactic biopsy
      specimens and the need to consider the cytologic and histologic evidence in light
      of the clinical and radiologic findings.

PMID- 3890444
TI  - Mending broken slides.

PMID- 3890445
TI  - Papers dedicated to Georg Rajka, professor of dermatology and venereology,
      University of Oslo, The National Hospital in celebration of his sixtieth
      anniversary.

PMID- 3890446
TI  - Eczema in primary immune-deficiencies. Clues to the pathogenesis of atopic
      dermatitis with special reference to the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.
AB  - Eczema is one of the cutaneous manifestations of primary immune deficiencies. It
      may therefore serve as a model for the understanding of atopic dermatitis (AD)
      provided the eczema in the immune deficiency under consideration is a constant
      feature and is similar to AD. In the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome the eczematous
      eruption is (i) a constant feature of the syndrome, (ii) indistinguishable from
      AD when diagnostic criteria for AD are used, and (iii) clears dramatically after
      a successful bone marrow graft, which suggests that immune dysfunction is
      directly involved in the pathogenesis of the eczema.

PMID- 3890447
TI  - T-cell subsets in patients with mild and severe atopic dermatitis.
AB  - Mononuclear cells separated from peripheral blood from 34 patients with mild and
      19 patients with severe atopic dermatitis, and 24 controls, were stained with
      OKT3, OKT4 and OKT8, using immunofluorescence technique and counted. In patients
      with severe atopic dermatitis a highly significant decrease in OKT3, OKT4- and
      OKT8-positive lymphocytes was found, as compared with controls, as well as an
      increased OKT4/OKT8 ratio. Patients with mild atopic dermatitis demonstrated a
      significant decrease in OKT3-positive lymphocytes, whereas no statistically
      significant difference was found for OKT4, OKT8 or the OKT4/OKT8 ratio. These
      observations indicate that changes in T cell subpopulations in peripheral blood
      from patients with atopic dermatitis are related to disease severity.

PMID- 3890448
TI  - Atopic dermatitis and essential fatty acids: a biochemical basis for atopy?
AB  - The effects of dietary supplementation with evening primrose oil (Efamol) in 99
      patients with atopic dermatitis were investigated in a double blind, controlled
      crossover study. Simultaneously, plasma phospholipid essential fatty acid status
      was determined in 50 of these patients before and after treatment. In a separate
      study, lymphocyte subsets and mitogen responses were investigated in 15 atopic
      patients before and after treatment. The conclusion is that evening primrose oil
      improves atopic dermatitis; an abnormality of the enzyme delta-6-desaturase is
      proposed to explain the biochemical findings. Finally, it is concluded that the
      therapeutic effect of evening primrose oil is unlikely to be mediated through a
      primarily immunological mechanism.

PMID- 3890449
TI  - Georg Rajka: curriculum vitae et scripta.

PMID- 3890451
TI  - Is copper effect on glucose incorporation mediated by the insulin receptor in rat
      adipose tissue?
AB  - The insulin receptor is not the site for the stimulatory effect of copper on
      glucose incorporation into total lipids by adipose tissue; prewashing of adipose
      tissue of rats fed a stock diet in an insulin-free medium increases the glucose
      incorporation into total lipids in the presence of 0.1 unit insulin from 220
      above control to 430% in the nondiabetic and from 154 to 230% in the
      streptozotocin-diabetic rat. In contrast, glucose incorporation in the presence
      of CuCl2 X 2H2O is unaffected by prewashing, being the same in the prewashed as
      in the unwashed adipose tissue. On the other hand, mild trypsin digestion of
      adipocytes decreases the glucose incorporation in the presence of 28.5 mU
      insulin, from 201 to 126% - whereas the effect of copper on glucose incorporation
      is the same in the trypsin-treated or untreated adipocyte. In order to obtain
      maximal copper effect the adipocyte has to be preconditioned by insulin;
      preincubation of diabetic adipose tissue first for one hour with 0.1 unit
      insulin, and another hour with 100 micrograms CuCl2 X 2H2O added to the medium,
      results in greater glucose incorporation (230% above control) than when incubated
      alone with either CuCl2 X 2H2O (125%) or insulin (154%) for two hours. In
      addition to its previously noted effect on the in vivo insulin release, copper
      increased the number of the insulin receptor sites in adipocytes.

PMID- 3890450
TI  - The regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion by opiates: a study with
      naloxone in healthy humans.
AB  - The presence of beta-endorphin and enkephalin in pancreatic islets suggests that
      opioid peptides may play a role in the regulation of pancreatic endocrine
      function. Since data in the literature are rather controversial, we examined the
      effects of different doses of naloxone on insulin and glucagon secretion in 21
      healthy nonobese volunteers (6 women and 15 men) by measuring the variations of
      insulin and glucagon plasma levels following a 5-g i.v. glucose load before and
      during a 30-min naloxone infusion. Total amounts of 0.4 and 0.8 mg of naloxone
      failed to modify serum insulin and plasma glucose responses to glucose challenge.
      On the contrary, 0.2 mg/kg (i.e. 12-14 mg per subject as total amount) given to 3
      women and 6 men led to a glucose-induced insulin release significantly lower than
      that recorded in basal conditions, with corresponding greater plasma glucose
      elevation. The suppressive effect of glucose on glucagon concentration was less
      pronounced during naloxone. Data reported here suggests that inhibition of opiate
      receptors in human pancreas occurs only with large amounts of naloxone. Moreover,
      they may indirectly support the stimulatory role of opioid peptides on insulin
      secretion in man, according to some experimental in vitro and in vivo studies. In
      addition, naloxone seems to reduce pancreatic A-cell sensitivity to
      hyperglycemia.

PMID- 3890452
TI  - Insulin degradation in human erythrocyte: effects of cations.
AB  - Insulin degradation by human erythrocyte fractions was studied using the TCA
      precipitation method. Hemolysate exhibited an insulin degrading activity higher
      than membranes. Triton X-100 treatment of membranes led to the appraisal of
      Triton-soluble degrading activity and of a more efficient Triton-not-soluble
      degrading activity. Monovalent cations (Na+, K+, Li+) did not modify the insulin
      degradation by any of the erythrocyte fractions. Divalent cations, Ca++ and Zn++
      selectively enhanced insulin degradation by the membranous fractions, and Cu++
      and Zn++ strongly inhibited insulin degradation by all the erythrocyte fractions.
      The results supported the hypothesis of the existence of at least two different
      degrading systems in human erythrocytes: soluble (cytosolic) Ca++ and Mg++
      insensitive system(s) and membrane associated Ca++ and Mg++ sensitive system(s).

PMID- 3890453
TI  - B-cell response to a standardized breakfast in end-stage renal failure.
AB  - Twelve uremic patients (U) on regular hemodialysis were submitted to a
      standardized test meal. In comparison with normal controls (C), U patients
      demonstrated a slight increase of HbA1 level and a definite elevation of fasting
      plasma C-peptide immunoreactivity. They showed glucose intolerance at 60 and 120
      min. This was associated with an inappropriate insulin response as evidenced by a
      significantly lower insulin/glucose index at 60 min. U patients were tested again
      during a hemodialysis session in order to reduce the 60-min glucose intolerance.
      Six patients (U1) were selected because they exhibited mean fasting and 60-min
      glucose values similar to those of the controls. In these conditions, the insulin
      response at 60 min was significantly decreased in comparison to basal conditions
      and this could not be accounted for by a concomitant decrease of plasma alpha
      aminonitrogen values. It is concluded that, in uremic patients, glucose
      intolerance is associated with an inappropriately low B-cell response.

PMID- 3890454
TI  - Functional integrity of anterior pituitary cells separated by a density gradient.
AB  - Using a continuous Percoll density gradient, endocrine cells of the anterior
      pituitary were separated. The cells were obtained from adult female Sprague
      Dawley rats which had been ovariectomized for 7 days. The gradient revealed two
      equally sized populations of cells with densities of about 1.02 and 1.09 g/ml.
      Ninety-two per cent of the cellular GH content, 64% of LH, and 60% of TSH were
      found in the high density peak. Sixty-one per cent of the cellular Prl appeared
      in the low density peak. Immunocytochemical staining of the LH containing cells
      showed that 74% of the gonadotrophs were in the high density peak. After
      separation, the cells retained their responsiveness to LRH, TRH and GRF. Culture
      conditions influenced stimulated hormone release. Before stimulation, the cells
      were cultured either in tissue culture flasks (attached cells) or in Petri dishes
      (cells in suspension) for 3 days. After TRH-stimulation, suspended thyrotrophs
      released more TSH than attached thyrotrophs. Comparing the cells of both peaks,
      attached thyrotrophs of the high density peak showed higher stimulated TSH
      release than those of the low density peak. The response of the gonadotrophs and
      somatotrophs to stimulation did not differ when culture conditions were changed.
      The present results demonstrate that the secretory activity of endocrine cells is
      influenced by culture conditions and should be evaluated fore each cell type.

PMID- 3890455
TI  - Insulin secretion, adipocyte insulin binding and insulin sensitivity in
      thyrotoxicosis.
AB  - The pattern of insulin secretion following an oral glucose load and the insulin
      receptor status and insulin sensitivity of adipocytes have been studied in
      patients with thyrotoxicosis and in matched controls. Thyrotoxic subjects showed
      normal basal and peak levels of serum immunoreactive insulin (peak, 69.0 +/- 6.8
      vs 54.3 +/- 8.8 mU/l) and serum C-peptide (peak, 1.95 +/- 0.13 vs 1.71 +/- 0.12
      nmol/l for thyrotoxic and control subjects, respectively). Peak serum proinsulin
      was higher in the thyrotoxic group (64.8 +/- 7.3 vs 39.0 +/- 3.7 pmol/l; P less
      than 0.01). Maximum specific insulin binding to adipocytes was decreased in the
      thyrotoxic group (1.80 +/- 0.18 vs 2.62 +/- 0.27%; P less than 0.025) and half
      maximum displacement of tracer insulin was similar in the two groups, suggesting
      that reduced receptor number rather than reduced affinity accounted for the
      difference. However, adipocyte insulin sensitivity was normal as judged by half
      maximal stimulation values of 13.9 +/- 3.6 vs 11.4 +/- 2.1 pmol/l, respectively
      for lipogenesis and 24.3 +/- 2.2 vs 24.6 +/- 3.6 pmol/l, respectively for glucose
      transport. Hence, thyroid hormone excess appears to affect adipocyte insulin
      receptor number directly, but change in receptor number is not associated with
      change in adipocyte insulin sensitivity in hyperthyroidism. The normal insulin
      secretion together with the failure to demonstrate abnormal insulin sensitivity
      of one of the major peripheral tissues suggests that disturbed hepatic rather
      than peripheral insulin responsiveness may be responsible for the glucose
      intolerance of hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 3890456
TI  - Diminished sensitivity of platelet aggregation to prostaglandin D2 in patients
      with myeloproliferative disorders and in patients with acute leukemia.

PMID- 3890457
TI  - A potentially therapeutic approach to a non-leukemic patient with granulocytic
      sarcoma.

PMID- 3890458
TI  - Determination of factor XII by functional assay with fluorogenic substrate and
      enzyme immunoassay.

PMID- 3890459
TI  - New views on the identification of the various cell types in the pancreatic
      islets of the rat. An ultrastructural and morphometrical study.
AB  - Islets of Langerhans taken from different parts of the pancreas have been studied
      ultrastructurally in adult rats. Five different islet cell types were identified
      in each islet with the aid of morphometrical analysis of their specific secretory
      granules. Previous immunohistochemical findings concerning the amount and
      location of insulin-, glucagon-, somatostatin- and pancreatic-polypeptide
      containing cells and their ultrastructurally recognizable counterparts were
      compared, and it was possible to identify four main islet cell types with the
      electron microscope. Moreover, cells quite similar to the enterochromaffine cells
      described elsewhere in the exocrine pancreas and in the gastrointestinal tract
      were found to normally occur in the pancreatic islets of the rat.

PMID- 3890460
TI  - Histochemical evidence of limited reinnervation of human corneal grafts.
AB  - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) positive nerve fibers were demonstrated
      histochemically in the normal human cornea and in 3 corneal grafts obtained after
      retransplantation. In the normal cornea AChE positive nerves form stromal nerve
      bundles, which divide into smaller branches contributing to the basal epithelial
      nerve plexus. Intraepithelial terminals are branches of this plexus. In a grafted
      cornea obtained 29 years after surgery the epithelium was innervated by a basal
      epithelial plexus, but only a few stromal nerve trunks had regenerated despite
      the long post-operative time. Corneal sensitivity had not returned to normal in
      this case. The remaining grafts, obtained less than 3 years after surgery,
      contained very few nerves. It seems that neither the architecture nor the density
      of corneal nerves fully regenerate in the graft cornea, and this probably
      explains why sensitivity does not return to normal.

PMID- 3890461
TI  - The effect of topical indomethacin on acute pressure elevation of laser
      trabeculoplasty in capsular glaucoma.
AB  - In this controlled study 24 phakic patients with capsular glaucoma received a 5
      drop loading dose of topical 1.0% indomethacin on the eye to be treated and the
      fellow eye prior to argon laser trabeculoplasty and post-operatively every 3 h to
      the end of the day. A control group consisted of 25 phakic eyes with capsular
      glaucoma which were lasered without indomethacin drops. There were no
      statistically significant differences between the groups in the post-operative
      mean intraocular pressures (IOP) and mean corrected changes in IOP immediately
      and one month after laser treatment. However, no eyes in the indomethacin treated
      group showed a true pressure rise greater than or equal to 10 mmHg whereas 4 eyes
      in the control group did (P = 0.1).

PMID- 3890462
TI  - Perinatal brain injury and cerebral blood flow in newborn infants.

PMID- 3890463
TI  - Bacterial colonization and neonatal infections. Effects of skin and umbilical
      disinfection in the nursery.
AB  - In a prospective randomized study different regimens for skin and umbilical
      disinfection in newborn infants were tested: daily whole body soap wash (control
      group), daily whole body soap wash and umbilical cleansing with (i) benzine
      solution, or (ii) 0.05% chlorhexidine, and daily whole body wash and umbilical
      cleansing with a 4% chlorhexidine detergent solution (Hibiscrub). Bacterial
      cultures were taken from the nose and umbilical area at discharge. Clinical
      infections were registered in the nursery, and after discharge until 6 weeks of
      age. Cultures were taken from infected areas. In the control group a high
      colonization rate was found for S. aureus (91%), E. coli (39%), and group B
      streptococci (GBS) (20%). The colonization rates were influenced by the Hibiscrub
      regimen (colonization rate for S. aureus 59%, E. coli 23%, and GBS 10%), but not
      by the other regimens. Infections (pemphigus, paronychia, conjunctivitis,
      umbilical infection) occurred in 12.9% of the infants, of whom 65% got infection
      after discharge from the nursery. 96% of the infections were caused by S. aureus,
      and 87% caused by strains colonizing the infants in the nursery. None of the
      tested regimens reduced the rate of infections during the first 6 weeks of life.

PMID- 3890464
TI  - Electrolyte excretion in 12-hour urine and in spot urine. Relationship to plasma
      renin activity and aldosterone concentration in older children.
AB  - Plasma renin activity (PRA) and urinary electrolyte excretion were measured in
      137 healthy children aged 6 to 14 years. Plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC)
      was measured in 52 of the children. Nocturnal 12-hour urine was collected in 110
      of the children. Spot urine was collected on two occasions, once just before
      lying down, once after 90-min supine rest in another 27. Na/K ratio and
      fractional Na excretion rate (FENa) in 12-hour urine showed a significant inverse
      correlation with PRA or PAC. Na excretion (mmol/min, mmol/mmol creatinine), Na/K
      ratio and FENa in the spot urine following 90 min in a supine position showed a
      significant inverse correlation with PRA or PAC, but they failed to show a
      significant relationship to PRA or PAC in the spot urine preceding supine rest. A
      spot urine after 90 min in the supine position is collected easily and hence most
      appropriate to study the relationship between Na excretion and PRA or PAC
      clinically.

PMID- 3890465
TI  - Treatment of infantile colic with surface active substance (simethicone).
AB  - The effect of Simethicone on "colicky" (n = 27) infants was tested in a double
      blind cross-over study. Three different parameters were used to measure the
      efficiency of the treatment: interviews, 24-hour records and behavioral
      observations. No effects of Simethicone on the symptoms of infantile colic could
      be demonstrated. However, 67% of the infants improved during the treatment, which
      could be ascribed to a high-grade placebo-effect.

PMID- 3890466
TI  - Unsuccessful oral rehydration therapy in an infant with enteropathogenic E. coli
      diarrhoea. Studies of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.
AB  - A 4-month-old male infant with severe hyponatremic dehydration due to an
      enteropathogenic E. coli O125: B15-induced diarrhoea had continued very high
      stool fluid output with a very elevated sodium concentration after
      hospitalization and the institution of oral rehydration therapy (ORT). Thirty-six
      hours after start of ORT intravenous therapy was required. The results of studies
      of fluid and salt homeostasis in this patient have been compared with those
      obtained in 3 other patients who had acute diarrhoea of the same severity but
      caused by another strain of enteropathogenic E. coli (O111:B14) and who were
      successfully treated with ORT. On ORT the patient with treatment failure had a
      stool volume which was almost 8 times larger and a stool sodium output which was
      about 5 times higher than in the successfully treated patients. During the 36
      hour-period of ORT fluid losses were about the same as the fluid intake. The
      results as regards urinary fractional sodium excretion and the urinary
      potassium/sodium quotient indicate that the severe sodium depletion which was
      present on admission in the unsuccessfully treated patient persisted during ORT.
      The reason for ORT failure may be that the infectious E. coli strain had bacilli
      adherent qualities that cause damage of microvilli.

PMID- 3890467
TI  - Primary pancreatic carcinoma in childhood. Pancreatoblastoma.
AB  - A case of primary pancreatic carcinoma confirmed by postmortem examination in a
      15-year-old girl is presented. The tumor was studied by light and electron
      microscopy and an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Some of the tumor cells
      contained eosinophilic, PAS-positive, diastase-resistant granules. Electron
      microscopy revealed large electron-dense granules resembling zymogen granules.
      The granules seen in the islet cell tumors were not demonstrated by electron
      microscopy and immunoperoxidase technique. These findings suggest that the tumor
      is of duct cell origin with some differentiation toward the acinar cells. The
      tumor appears to belong to the so-called "pancreatoblastoma".

PMID- 3890468
TI  - Brief history of Italian psychiatric legislation from 1904 to the 1978 Reform
      Act.
AB  - A brief survey is given of the evolution of Italian psychiatric legislation. The
      following acts are examined: the 1904 law, stating that people affected by mental
      derangement must be kept in custody and treated in mental hospitals when they are
      dangerous to themselves or to others or create public scandal; the 1909
      regulations, in which various aspects of mental hospital organization are dealt
      with; the 1968 law, sanctioning the institution of voluntary admission; the 1978
      Reform Act. It is emphasized that the 1978 Italian mental health law is the only
      one, in the Western industrialized world, in which: 1) patient's dangerousness is
      not used as a criterion for commitment, and compulsory admission is restricted to
      therapeutic emergency cases; 2) it is established that compulsory admission of
      psychiatric patients must be implemented in general hospitals; 3) prolonged
      hospitalizations are discouraged, by stating that compulsory treatment should
      last as a rule seven days; 4) it is sanctioned the abolishment of mental
      hospitals. Moreover, stress is laid on the law's attention to community-based
      facilities, described as the places in which preventive, therapeutic and
      rehabilitative interventions relevant to mental diseases should be implemented as
      a rule.

PMID- 3890469
TI  - Calcium-entry blockers. A heterogeneous family of compounds.

PMID- 3890470
TI  - Calcium blockers and beta blockers: alone and in combination.

PMID- 3890471
TI  - Prostaglandins and coronary circulation.

PMID- 3890472
TI  - A mesoscopic technique for the study of the development of the peripheral system
      in rat foetuses.
AB  - In order to study the morphogenesis of the nervous system in the rat an
      acetylcholinesterase in toto method for staining nervous tissue in rat foetuses
      was developed. PROCEDURE: Rat foetuses of 14-22 days are fixed "en bloc" for 24
      hours in a cold sucrose-formol solution. Fixed specimens are rinsed for 2 days in
      cold 0.22 M sucrose in a sodiumcacodylate buffer (pH 7.2). The specimens are cut
      (mid-)sagittally with the aid of a razor-blade, and incubated in a medium of
      acetylthiocholine iodide in acetate buffer (pH 5.0). Then, dehydration in
      glycerine/water mixtures of increasing glycerine content follows. The specimens
      may be stored in pure glycerine or embedded in epoxy-resin blocks and can be
      studied under a binocular dissecting microscope. In using this in toto staining
      method both the continuity of the central and peripheral parts of the nervous
      system as well as details up to the level of individual perikarya and motor
      endplates are preserved. With this mesoscopic method the three-dimensional
      architecture of the peripheral nervous system and its topological relations to
      other structures can be studies in one specimen. The exact procedure and the
      results as well as a method for embedding specimens in epoxy-resin blocks for
      teaching purposes are described. The advantages of this mesoscopic staining
      method for foetuses are discussed.

PMID- 3890473
TI  - Stress management training as a prevention program for heavy social drinkers:
      cognitions, affect, drinking, and individual differences.
AB  - The effectiveness of cognitive-affective stress management training (SMT) as a
      drinking reduction program for heavy social drinking college students was
      investigated. The SMT package included muscle relaxation and meditation training,
      cognitive restructuring, and coping skill rehearsal during induced affect.
      Treated and control subjects rated the frequency and intensity of their anxiety,
      anger and depression and recorded their alcohol consumption on a daily basis over
      a 6-month period. SMT significantly reduced posttreatment daily anxiety ratings
      and was associated with changes in four of ten irrational beliefs and a shift
      toward more internal locus of control in treated subjects. Reduction in anxiety
      was no longer evident at the 2 1/2- and 5 1/2-month follow-ups. The men in the
      SMT group showed a significant decrease in daily drinking rates at posttreatment
      and at the 2 1/2-month follow-up, but drinking returned to baseline levels by 5
      1/2 months for the group as a whole. However, significant improvement variance in
      daily moods and in drinking rates over all posttreatment periods was accounted
      for by individual difference variables in the trained subjects but not in the
      control group, suggesting that these cognitive, personality, and social support
      variables are associated with response to stress management training.
      Implications of these results for future prevention research are discussed.

PMID- 3890474
TI  - Morphology and innervation of the fish heart.

PMID- 3890475
TI  - Comprehensive assessment of left ventricular function by noninvasive and quasi
      noninvasive methods. Introduction.

PMID- 3890476
TI  - Cardiac digital angiography: applications in ventriculography and coronary
      arteriography.
AB  - Clearly, computer-based digital subtraction offers several advantages over
      conventional approaches to contrast angiography. Using the newer method, in many
      situations contrast loads can be beneficially reduced, radiation exposure can be
      markedly diminished, and right ventricle evaluations can be simplified. In
      addition, storage of data on magnetic tape is less space consuming, and less
      costly, than storage on film. Over the 5- to 10-year life expectancy of a
      digitally equipped laboratory, these advantages probably justify the 30-50%
      increase in the initial monetary outlay for equipment in excess of that required
      for a conventionally equipped laboratory. However, the greatest promise of
      digital angiography is in the area of coronary arteriography. If three
      dimensional reconstruction of coronary lesions and determination of regional flow
      can be effected, important advances in diagnosis and in prognostication
      theoretically might be expected, leading to more appropriate selection of therapy
      for individual patients than now can be achieved. However, currently available
      information does not yet indicate the extent to which such potential advantages
      will be realized. Thus, it will be several years before we will know whether the
      exciting potential of digital angiography in this area can be reached.

PMID- 3890477
TI  - Myosin isozyme transitions in developing and regenerating rat muscle.

PMID- 3890478
TI  - The classical complement pathway: activation and regulation of the first
      complement component.

PMID- 3890479
TI  - Murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3890480
TI  - Undesired effects of the sulphonylurea drugs.

PMID- 3890481
TI  - Nephrotoxicity of antifungal agents.

PMID- 3890482
TI  - Immunological tests and the diagnosis of dementia in elderly women.
AB  - Serum immunoglobulins and circulating antinuclear antibodies were assayed in 91
      elderly female in-patients with dementia. Clinical criteria were used to
      distinguish a group with multi-infarct dementia from those with senile dementia
      of Alzheimer type and the results were compared with those of 19 age-matched
      controls. Dementia patients aged 85 and over had a higher prevalence of
      antinuclear antibodies (P less than 0.05) and those aged 90-95 had higher levels
      of IgA than younger age groups (P less than 0.025). IgG levels were higher than
      controls in the 'multi-infarct' group (P less than 0.025).

PMID- 3890483
TI  - Purines and prostaglandins as regulators in the coronary circulation.
AB  - In the isolated rat heart perfused at constant flow a bolus injection of an
      adenine nucleotide reduced coronary perfusion pressure and was negatively
      inotropic (ATP greater than ADP greater than AMP). Adenosine had no effect on
      perfusion pressure or contractile force. ATP and ADP stimulated production of
      PGI2 from the coronary bed. Perfusion with indomethacin completely inhibited PGI2
      production but had no effect on the reduction in perfusion pressure and cardiac
      function produced by ATP. Purinoceptors in the perfused rat heart are of the P2
      type and responses produced by purinoceptor activation are not mediated by PGI2.

PMID- 3890484
TI  - Leucocytes activated by C5a des Arg promote endothelial prostacyclin (PGI2)
      production via release of oxygen species in vitro.

PMID- 3890485
TI  - Hickey lecture. Medical imaging technology in a societal context.

PMID- 3890486
TI  - The clinical and imaging spectrum of pancreaticoduodenal lymph node enlargement.
AB  - Pancreaticoduodenal lymph node enlargement, regardless of cause, has been a
      source of imaging confusion because of its propensity to mimic pancreatic
      malignancy yet not cause biliary obstruction. Thirty-eight patients with
      pancreaticoduodenal adenopathy were imaged with several methods.
      Pancreaticoduodenal lymphadenopathy could be distinguished from intrinsic
      pancreatic abnormality on only 44% (14/32) of CT scans and 54% (6/11) of
      sonograms. Demonstration of intact tissue planes separating adenopathy from
      pancreas and, to a lesser degree, extrapancreatic vascular displacement were the
      most helpful diagnostic signs. Surprisingly, 31% of patients had biliary
      obstruction. Care must be taken in distinguishing metastatic lymphadenopathy from
      primary pancreatic tumors. The presence or absence of jaundice should not be
      considered a helpful sign.

PMID- 3890487
TI  - Sonography vs. excretory urography in acute flank pain.
AB  - A prospective study compared the diagnostic accuracy of sonography and excretory
      urography in determining the cause of acute flank pain in 61 patients. Forty-one
      patients had urinary tract stone disease. Of these, five had nonobstructing renal
      stones and 36 had obstructing stones. A correct diagnosis was made by urography
      in 85% and by sonography in 66%. Small stones at the ureterovesical junction were
      more accurately diagnosed by sonography (79%) than by urography (68%). In all the
      patients where sonography failed to detect the offending stone, the stone was
      calcified and evident on the plain radiographs. There were no false-positive
      diagnoses in the patients clinically judged to have passed a renal stone (nine
      patients) or whose pain was arising outside of the urinary tract (five patients).
      Neither sonography (17%) nor urography (50%) was accurate in diagnosing acute
      pyelonephritis in the six patients with this diagnosis. Although sonography is
      not as accurate overall as urography in acute flank pain, it is a viable
      alternative in those with recurrent renal colic due to stone disease and in the
      pregnant patient.

PMID- 3890488
TI  - Sonography of ovarian fibromas.
AB  - Sonographic findings are described in four women with ovarian fibromas. Three of
      the four women were postmenopausal. Three had only minimal symptoms; the other
      presented with acute right lower quadrant pain caused by torsion of the tumor.
      The tumors were large, ranging from 9 to 16 cm in diameter. A distinctive
      sonographic appearance was found, with a predominantly hypoechoic, solid mass
      producing striking sound attenuation.

PMID- 3890489
TI  - The oblique coronal view in sonography of the retroperitoneum.
AB  - The abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava can be seen easily from the right
      flank on a longitudinal coronal-oblique sonogram, using the liver as an acoustic
      window. With this view, tortuosity of the abdominal aorta can be shown, just as
      it appears on frontal aortography in 70% of cases, and similar to aortography in
      27% of cases. The proximal renal and common iliac arteries can be demonstrated in
      73% and 82% of cases, respectively, when aneurysms are absent, and in 45% and 82%
      of patients when aortic aneurysms are present. Enlarged posterior abdominal lymph
      nodes may be detected with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 90% when
      compared to computed tomography (CT). Prominent gonadal vessels and anomalous or
      duplicated venae cavae can be displayed longitudinally, just as they might appear
      on venography. The coronal oblique view from the right flank, and occasionally
      from the left flank, can be a valuable addition to the standard views obtained
      during abdominal sonography. It is also a valuable supplement to CT in the
      differentiation of paraaortic vessels from enlarged lymph nodes.

PMID- 3890490
TI  - Multinuclide digital subtraction imaging in symptomatic prosthetic joints.
AB  - One hundred eleven patients with symptomatic prosthetic joints (86 hips, 23
      knees, and two shoulders) were evaluated for prosthetic loosening and infection
      by combined technetium-99m-MDP/gallium-67 digital subtraction imaging. Clinical
      correlation was based on the assessment of loosening and bacterial cultures
      obtained at the time of surgery in 54 patients, joint aspiration cultures
      obtained in 37 patients, and long-term clinical follow-up for greater than 1.5
      years in an additional 15 patients. Results revealed an 80%-90% predictive value
      of a positive test for loosening, and a 95% predictive value of a negative test
      for infection. However, because of the low sensitivities and specificities
      observed, this approach to the evaluation of symptomatic prosthetic joints does
      not seem cost effective.

PMID- 3890491
TI  - Ovulatory response vs. follicular maturity.

PMID- 3890492
TI  - Sonographic recognition of pneumatosis intestinalis.

PMID- 3890493
TI  - Sonographic differentiation of enlarged hepatic arteries from dilated
      intrahepatic bile ducts.
AB  - Identifying parallel tubular structures within the liver by sonography has been
      regarded as a sensitive and specific sign of intrahepatic duct dilatation. Eight
      cases are reported in which parallel tubes within the liver were shown not to
      represent dilated ducts on computed tomography, but rather enlarged hepatic
      arteries due to increased blood flow. All eight patients had a history of
      alcoholism and/or cirrhosis and had at least one ancillary sign of portal
      hypertension. The sonographic findings in these eight patients were compared with
      similar findings in 12 other patients who were subsequently found to have true
      intrahepatic bile duct dilatation. Sonographic features that were helpful in
      distinguishing these two groups are described.

PMID- 3890494
TI  - CT of hepatic schistosomiasis mansoni.
AB  - Schistosomal periportal fibrosis produced a typical pattern on computed
      tomography in five patients. Low-density periportal tissue, present throughout
      the liver, enhanced strongly after the administration of contrast medium. While
      rounded in cross section, the thickened periportal tissue produced linear and
      branching patterns when imaged in longitudinal section. In all cases, the
      sonographic features were typical of schistosomal periportal fibrosis. A lack of
      awareness of the distinctive features of periportal fibrosis may result in a
      mistaken diagnosis of hepatic metastases.

PMID- 3890495
TI  - Pulsed Doppler duplex sonography and CT of portal vein thrombosis.
AB  - Five patients with partial or complete portal vein thrombosis were examined by
      both computed tomography (CT) and pulsed Doppler duplex scanning. Duplex scanning
      correctly identified portal vein thrombosis in all five. Duplex sonography may be
      the preferred technique to detect and follow portal vein thrombosis because of
      lower cost, lack of need for intravenous contrast material, and easier
      availability for multiple follow-up examinations.

PMID- 3890496
TI  - Intraarterial digital subtraction angiography of renal transplants.
AB  - Twenty-four intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (IA-DSA) studies were
      performed in 23 renal transplant recipients for evaluation of possible
      postoperative complications. Ten patients had normal studies. Five patients had
      minimal (less than 50%) narrowing at the renal artery anastomosis and five had
      more severe stenoses. Three patients had vascular occlusions. IA-DSA results
      correlated well with findings at surgery and/or conventional angiography. The
      major advantage of IA-DSA is the small amount of contrast material needed to
      perform the study. IA-DSA is particularly well suited to the evaluation of
      vascular problems in renal transplant patients.

PMID- 3890497
TI  - [Ketotifen in the prophylaxis of infantile asthma. Controlled clinical trials].
AB  - The heterogeneity in the aetiology and the precipitating factors, as well as the
      pathology of asthma makes the response to the conventional treatment also
      variable. Ketotifen is a derivative of the cyclohepatotifen which has shown to
      have an antianaphylactic effect which inhibits chemical mediator release in mast
      cells and basophils. This effect is similar to that of the methylxanthines
      inhibiting phosphodiesterase propitiating the increase of CAMP and favouring
      bronchodilatation. It also exerts a blocking action on the H receptors of
      histamine and possesses a calcium antagonist effect in the depolarized smooth
      muscle; for this reason it is probable that ketotifen does not have a direct
      effect on the contraction of smooth fibres provoked by diverse stimuli. The
      present work is a prospective study with placebo group and double blind method to
      evaluate the effectivity and tolerance of ketotifen as a prophylaxis for
      extrinsic bronchial asthma in 60 children. This is to observe if there exists or
      not a reduction in the frequency, intensity and duration of signs and symptoms.
      Among the most interesting conclusions observed are the following: The general
      characteristics of both the ketotifen group as well as the placebo group did not
      show any significative statistical differences which were susceptible of
      comparison among them. The ketotifen proved itself as very efficient, obtaining a
      reduction which was highly significative of the asthmatic symptomatology (p less
      than 0.001). In the placebo group some highlights were obtained which can be
      attributed to the fact that both groups received desensitizing immunotherapy to
      diverse allergens. Nevertheless, in general terms, the symptomatology did not
      diminish in this group in a significative way.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3890498
TI  - Non-specific rhinoreactivity: non-specific nasal provocation tests with
      methacholine and cold water solution.
AB  - The Department of Allergo-Immunology of the II ENT Division of Rome University
      has studied the behaviour, relative to non-specific nasal provocation with
      methacholine and with cold water solution, in normal subjects, in subjects with
      seasonal allergic rhinitis in and out of crisis, and in subjects with perennial
      rhinitis of allergic and non-allergic origin. All subjects underwent an ENT
      visit, rhinoreomanometry (RRM), mucociliary Clearance (MCT) and quantitative
      evaluation of nasal secretion, both before and after the single non-specific
      provocations. We saw that even though provocation with methacholine didn't cause
      a significant reduction of nasal conductance, it was the cause of noticeable
      modifications of the amount of nasal secretion, according to the groups taken
      into consideration. Furthermore, provocation with the cold water solution, which
      didn't provoke noticeable changes in the mucociliary clearance and in the
      quantity of nasal secretion, did, however cause noticeable modification of the
      nasal conductance in all groups examined.

PMID- 3890499
TI  - Cell surface fibronectin on peripheral blood lymphocytes in normal individuals
      and in patients with acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non Hodgkin's
      lymphoma.
AB  - Fibronectin was detected by immunofluorescence on the surface of one fraction of
      separated normal peripheral blood lymphocytes using FITC-conjugated anti-human
      fibronectin antibodies. Approximately one fifth of isolated B cells and 7% of O
      cells contained surface bound fibronectin but T cells failed to stain. There were
      no detectable free receptors for fibronectin on the surfaces of the lymphocytes
      in the different subsets isolated from healthy controls as studied using FITC
      labelled purified fibronectin. The per cent of B and O cells bearing surface
      bound fibronectin was markedly decreased in patients with acute and chronic
      lymphocytic leukemias and non Hodgkin's lymphoma, only 1-4% of B and 1-2% of O
      cells stained with FITC-labelled antifibronectin immunoglobulins. FITC-conjugated
      fibronectin was not bound to the different lymphoblasts isolated from patients
      with leukemia and lymphoma. Treatment of cells with trypsin and EDTA removed
      fibronectin bound to the cell surfaces. Fibronectin attached to the surfaces of
      lymphocytes may have an immunoregulatory function.

PMID- 3890500
TI  - The lipopolysaccharide polyclonal response is a function of the background
      response.
AB  - The aims of this report are: to investigate the kinetics of the E. coli
      lipopolysaccharide polyclonal response as a function of the background response,
      to test the capacity of lipopolysaccharide to activate presumably resting memory
      cells for IgM. Because mice do not produce a plaque-forming cell background
      against rat erythrocytes, the mouse-rat erythrocyte system was chosen. Random
      bred Swiss albino mice, aged 2-3 months, were inoculated with rat erythrocytes (5
      X 10(5)/mouse) and the course of the plaque response was followed up; no response
      was detected on day 0, it rose sharply up to day 4, dropped abruptly between days
      4 and 7 and trailed off afterwards to disappear by day 29. As to the
      lipopolysaccharide-triggered anti-rat erythrocyte response, lipopolysaccharide
      (100 micrograms/mouse) was inoculated on days--3, 1, 4, 7, 18 and 29. post-rat
      erythrocytes and the responses were measured 3 days after lipopolysaccharide
      inoculation. The curve paralleled that of the antigenic response, although at a
      higher level; thus, both the specific and the polyclonal responses followed the
      same kinetics. At one month post-rat erythrocyte priming, the animals displayed a
      background comparable to that of naive mice, although their IgM response to a
      booster (2 X 10(7) erythrocytes, iv) was faster and greater (p less than 0.01)
      than the primary response to the same dose; i.e., there was IgM memory.
      Nevertheless, lipopolysaccharide stimulation (100 micrograms/mouse, ip) of primed
      animals gave a response comparable (p greater than 0.10) to that of naive mice;
      i.e., lipopolysaccharide alone was unable to elicit a secondary-like response.

PMID- 3890501
TI  - HLA in allergic twins.
AB  - Interest in the study and determination of the influence of a genetic factor in
      the etiology of bronchial asthma was initiated by Cook. This is a study of 13
      pairs of twins that were seen in our department presenting some kind of allergic
      illness. Each pair of twins underwent a complete clinical history and physical
      examination, routine laboratory analysis and radiography. In addition, they were
      also tested for the following: skin test, serum immunoglobulins, total IgE,
      histamine release test, hemagglutination test, histocompatibility antigen (HLA).
      Statistical analysis was done using the Chi square test, with significant results
      found in 4 antigens, namely A2, A30 + 31, B5 and B12.

PMID- 3890502
TI  - Prostaglandins, immunity and their effect on tumour growth.
AB  - Since their discovery in 1935, prostaglandins (PGs) and their function in human
      biology have been the focus of much research. Recently, the role of PGs in
      immunity has been the subject of an increasing number of studies, especially in
      those immune reactions dealing with inflammation and tumour growth. The results
      from these studies suggest that the effects of immunocompetent cells on the
      synthesis of or cellular responsiveness to PGs may explain some of the immune
      response alterations found in certain diseases. In light of the current surge of
      investigations regarding these important topics and their potential clinical
      application, it was felt that a cursory overview of the immunoregulatory role of
      PGs would be of interest as well as timely.

PMID- 3890503
TI  - Capnocytophaga bacteremia in a neutropenic patient with sinusitis.

PMID- 3890504
TI  - Usefulness and safety of cimetidine in patients receiving mexiletine for
      ventricular arrhythmia.
AB  - Cimetidine, a commonly used H2 receptor antagonist, was found to adversely
      interact with many drugs metabolized by the liver, including class I
      antiarrhythmic agents, lidocaine and quinidine. Mexiletine is a new class I
      antiarrhythmic agent similar to lidocaine which when used orally may have
      significant gastric side effects. Since some patients with peptic ulcer disease
      or gastric hyperacidity on mexiletine may benefit from the addition of
      cimetidine, it was important to rule out any significant adverse interaction
      between the two drugs in such patients. Eleven patients currently receiving long
      term oral mexiletine for the treatment of complex ventricular arrhythmia
      underwent a double-blind crossover trial where they were maintained on their
      usual dose of mexiletine, and cimetidine, 300 mg orally every 6 hours, or placebo
      were added for a 1-week period each. Peak and trough mexiletine blood levels were
      not significantly altered by cimetidine. Similarly, there was no significant
      change in the frequency and severity of ventricular arrhythmia when cimetidine
      was added to mexiletine. Cimetidine reduced gastric side effects of mexiletine in
      50% of patients who had complained of such symptoms on mexiletine alone or on
      mexiletine and placebo. We conclude that cimetidine can effectively reduce
      gastric side effects of mexiletine in many patients without adversely affecting
      the plasma concentration or the efficacy of the drug.

PMID- 3890505
TI  - The effects on left ventricular performance of verapamil and metoprolol singly
      and together in exercise-induced angina pectoris.
AB  - Concurrent therapy with the calcium channel blocker, verapamil, and the beta
      blocking group of compounds is usually felt to be clinically contraindicated due
      to the former's potent dromotropic and negative inotropic actions. The basis of
      this assumption was examined in a rest and exercise hemodynamic study of the
      effects of verapamil and the cardioselective beta-blocking drug, metoprolol, in
      22 patients with stable angina pectoris and angiographically confirmed coronary
      artery disease. In a randomized study, 11 patients were assessed following
      intravenous verapamil (16 mg) alone, 11 following intravenous metoprolol (10 mg)
      alone, and all 22 were assessed on combination therapy. The plasma levels
      achieved at the time of each hemodynamic assessment were in the therapeutic
      range. At rest, verapamil alone significantly lowered systemic arterial pressure
      and vascular resistance; metoprolol alone lowered heart rate and increased
      systemic vascular resistance without change in systemic arterial pressure.
      Combination therapy reduced systemic arterial pressure and heart rate without
      change in cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance. During upright bicycle
      exercise, the changes were directionally similar. Depression of cardiac function
      (i.e., reduced cardiac output at increased pulmonary artery occluded pressure)
      occurred following metoprolol but not following verapamil; the addition of
      verapamil did not accentuate the depression of function induced by metoprolol.
      These results suggested that in patients with stable coronary artery disease,
      without manifest conduction system abnormality, the cardiac depressant actions of
      verapamil were countered by its vasodilator properties.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3890506
TI  - Comparative effects of captopril and isosorbide dinitrate on pulmonary arteriolar
      resistance and right ventricular function in patients with severe left
      ventricular failure: results of a randomized crossover study.
AB  - We compared the short-term hemodynamic effects of isosorbide dinitrate (40 mg
      orally) and captopril (25 mg orally) in 18 patients with severe chronic heart
      failure in a randomized, crossover study conducted on consecutive days. Captopril
      and isosorbide dinitrate produced similar decreases in systemic vascular
      resistance, but whereas nitrate therapy decreased pulmonary arteriolar resistance
      significantly, captopril did not; the difference between the two drugs was highly
      significant (-25% vs -5%, p less than 0.001). Left ventricular filling pressures
      declined similarly with both captopril (-10.5 mm Hg) and with isosorbide
      dinitrate (-9.3 mm Hg), but because pulmonary arteriolar resistance fell
      significantly with nitrate therapy, mean right atrial pressure decreased more
      with isosorbide dinitrate than with captopril (-5.4 vs -2.8 mm Hg, respectively;
      p less than 0.001). Although systemic resistance declined similarly with both
      drugs, cardiac index increased more with nitrate therapy than during converting
      enzyme inhibition (+0.47 vs +0.23 L/min/m2) (p less than 0.01), and therefore
      mean arterial pressure fell less with isosorbide dinitrate than with captopril (
      10.5 mm Hg vs -16.7 mm Hg); p less than 0.05); two patients developed symptomatic
      hypotension with captopril, whereas none did so with the nitrate. The difference
      in the effects of the two drugs on cardiac index was not due to differences in
      their effects on heart rate, since heart rate fell similarly with both drugs, and
      thus both drugs produced similar increases in stroke volume index. These data
      indicate that, in patients with severe chronic heart failure, nitrates exert
      favorable dilating effects on the pulmonary circulation not shared by
      captopril.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3890507
TI  - Digoxin and nifedipine.
AB  - Many investigators have studied the potential interactions between calcium
      channel antagonists and digoxin. Digoxin is usually well absorbed, and its
      excretion is dependent on renal mechanisms, primarily glomerular filtration.
      Several studies have reported a decrease in digoxin clearance and an increase of
      approximately 50% in digoxin levels when verapamil was added to digoxin therapy.
      Because renal digoxin clearance was decreased but no concomitant change in
      creatinine clearance was shown, the presumed major mechanism for decreased renal
      digoxin clearance is an alteration in renal tubular secretion of digoxin.
      Although an early report described a digoxin-nifedipine interaction, several
      subsequent studies have shown no significant changes in digoxin kinetics during
      nifedipine administration. Four studies found no significant decrease in
      creatinine clearance of digoxin during nifedipine administration. Thus
      significant changes in glomerular filtration are unlikely. Physiologic endpoints
      were measured by 2 groups describing a digoxin-nifedipine interaction and,
      although there was an increase in serum digoxin concentration, no changes were
      found in electrophysiologic correlates. Thus, if a digoxin-nifedipine interaction
      does exist, steady-state digoxin levels might increase from 24 to 45% when
      nifedipine therapy is added. Studies to date have involved small numbers of
      subjects with and without cardiac disease and have used different study
      protocols. Nonetheless, little evidence exists for any clinically significant
      increase in physiologic effects and no adverse effects have been found in
      patients receiving combined nifedipine and digoxin.

PMID- 3890508
TI  - Usefulness of high-dose anticoagulants in preventing left ventricular thrombus in
      acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Fifty-three patients with a suspected first anterior wall acute myocardial
      infarction (AMI) were randomized to intervention with intravenous heparin
      followed by oral warfarin (26 patients) or matching placebo (27 patients). The
      regimen was started within 12 hours after the onset of AMI. Anticoagulation was
      maintained at a therapeutic level (for heparin, activated partial thromboplastin
      time 70 to 140 seconds; for warfarin, thrombotest 5 to 10%) for 10 days, and no
      bleeding episodes occurred. The baseline characteristics of the 2 study groups
      were well matched. In 7 patients in the placebo group and in none in the
      anticoagulant group, left ventricular thrombus developed during the study, as
      detected by serial 2-dimensional echocardiography. Early intervention with high
      dose anticoagulant drugs may prevent the development of left ventricular thrombus
      in anterior wall AMI.

PMID- 3890509
TI  - Antiarrhythmic drug efficacy for ventricular tachyarrhythmias associated with
      coronary artery disease as assessed by electrophysiologic studies.
AB  - The efficacy and proarrhythmic potential of antiarrhythmic agents were evaluated.
      Programmed ventricular stimulation was performed in 160 consecutive patients with
      coronary artery disease during a baseline study and 432 subsequent drug studies.
      The tachyarrhythmias induced during baseline studies were sustained ventricular
      tachycardia (121 patients), ventricular fibrillation (16 patients), and
      symptomatic nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (23 patients). Regimens were
      completely successful if fewer than 6 repetitive ventricular responses were
      inducible during therapy and partially successful if no more than 15 repetitive
      ventricular responses were inducible. Procainamide and quinidine were the most
      successful single agents, with overall success rates of 24% and 35%,
      respectively. Either procainamide or quinidine combined with mexiletine was the
      most successful combination (overall success of 23%). Each anti-arrhythmic
      regimen showed a proarrhythmic potential. The incidence of proarrhythmic effects
      ranged from 4 to 13%, with no significant difference between regimens. In 13% of
      patients at least 1 regimen produced a proarrhythmic effect. Patients treated
      with an antiarrhythmic regimen that prevented induction of arrhythmia had
      significantly fewer arrhythmia recurrences than patients treated with a regimen
      that failed to prevent it. In conclusion, identification of an effective drug
      regimen is possible in 38% of patients with lethal ventricular arrhythmias,
      proarrhythmic effects occur in a significant number of patients during
      electrophysiologic testing of antiarrhythmic regimens, and the clinical outcome
      in patients in whom ventricular arrhythmias are not inducible with ventricular
      stimulation have a better prognosis than those in whom arrhythmias continue to be
      inducible on therapy.

PMID- 3890510
TI  - Efficacy of propafenone compared with quinidine in chronic ventricular
      arrhythmias.
AB  - A double-blind, randomized study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of oral
      propafenone and oral quinidine in suppressing premature ventricular complexes
      (PVCs). Twenty-five men were studied for 3 weeks. Twelve were randomized to the
      quinidine group and 13 to the propafenone group. Small doses of the drugs were
      administered for 1 week (200 mg of quinidine every 6 hours or 300 mg of
      propafenone every 12 hours) and large doses were administered for another week
      (400 mg of quinidine every 6 hours or 300 mg of propafenone every 8 hours).
      Strict criteria were used to define responders to antiarrhythmic therapy. For
      more than 85% reduction in total PVCs per hour: During the low-dose week, 36% in
      the quinidine group and 50% in the propafenone group were responders (difference
      not significant [NS]), while during the high-dose week 33% and 64% were
      responders (NS). For more than 95% reduction of ventricular couplets per hour:
      During the low-dose week, 45% in each group were responders, while during the
      high-dose week, 56% and 60% were responders (NS). For 100% abolition of
      ventricular tachycardia (VT) beats per 24 hours: During the low-dose week, 60% in
      the quinidine group and 56% in the propafenone group were responders (NS); during
      the high-dose week 80% and 67% were responders (NS). There was no significant
      difference in the 2 groups in incidence of side effects. This study shows
      comparable efficacy and tolerance of propafenone and quinidine for the control of
      ventricular arrhythmias in ambulatory patients with diverse forms of heart
      diseases.

PMID- 3890511
TI  - Upper limb malformations associated with congenital heart disease.
AB  - Upper limb malformations occur in patients with congenital heart disease as
      multifactorial, chromosomal or teratogenic combinations, and can be predictable
      (nonrandom) or sporadic (random) associations. The cardiac and limb defects
      represent either essential features of a syndrome or less common or less
      significant components. A practical classification is proposed based on the
      frequency and relative consistency of upper limb and cardiac associations.
      Recognition of upper limb malformations helps to identify accompanying cardiac
      disease and aids in the choice of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in
      determination of prognosis and in genetic counseling. Upper limb malformations
      are the commonest skeletal abnormalities in patients with congenital heart
      disease, but it is also important to know with which limb defects concordance is
      low.

PMID- 3890512
TI  - Late, fractionated potentials.

PMID- 3890513
TI  - Intracoronary prostacyclin in evolving acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3890514
TI  - Distribution of dipeptidyl peptidase II (Dpp II) in rat spinal cord.
AB  - The histochemical localization of dipeptidyl peptidase II (Dpp II; E.C. 3.4.14.2)
      activity was demonstrated at the light microscope level in the rat spinal cord.
      Prominent staining was observed in motoneurons of the ventral horn and in medium
      to large neurons in the deep laminae of the dorsal horn, the intermediate gray,
      and in lamina X surrounding the spinal canal. Within neurons, Dpp II was
      localized largely in cell perikarya and large primary dendrites with no staining
      observed in cell nuclei. Neurons in the superficial dorsal horn lack Dpp II
      enzyme activity. Nonneuronal elements which also stained prominently were
      pericytes associated with blood vessels and ependymal cells lining the lumen of
      the spinal canal. A few oligodendrocytes and astrocytes were also stained, but
      they represented a minor component of the total amount of Dpp II activity.
      Following ventral root injury, Dpp-II-containing motoneurons degenerate; some
      glial cells in the region of degenerating neurons become Dpp II positive. The
      localized distribution of Dpp II in spinal cord neurons suggests that this
      proteolytic enzyme may play a role in the metabolism of an unidentified
      neuropeptide.

PMID- 3890515
TI  - Nitrogen utilization, enzyme activity, glucose intolerance and leukocyte
      chemotaxis in human experimental zinc depletion.
AB  - We previously reported significant decreases in plasma, whole blood, urinary,
      seminal and fecal zinc in six young men consuming a semipurified formula diet
      providing 0.28 mg zinc and 0.8/kg protein per day for 4-9 weeks. During a one
      week baseline period, 15.7 mg of zinc (as ZnSO4) were fed; three of the men were
      repleted with 6.0, 23.2 or 46.3 mg zinc for 2-5 weeks. Biochemical and functional
      measures of zinc status other than tissue zinc levels were also monitored. No one
      parameter appeared to parallel dietary zinc status in all subjects, although
      significant mean changes were seen in serum and leukocyte alkaline phosphatases.
      Inconsistent changes were noted in erythrocyte delta-amino levulinic acid
      dehydratase, plasma alkaline ribonuclease and the serum alkaline phosphatase
      isoenzymes. Nitrogen balance was unaffected by zinc nutritional status. However,
      alterations in hair root growth phase and morphology, decreases in lymphocyte
      counts and in transferrin levels during depletion suggest impairment in protein
      synthesis. Impaired leukocyte chemotaxis and clinical signs indicative of
      decreased resistance to infection were also noted.

PMID- 3890516
TI  - Follicular lymphoma with blastic conversion: a report of two cases with
      confirmation by immunoperoxidase studies on bone marrow sections.
AB  - Two cases of low-grade follicular lymphoma are presented in which evolution to a
      blastic phase with marrow and peripheral blood involvement occurred. One case was
      a follicular and diffuse mixed-cell lymphoma, while the second was a follicular
      and diffuse small cleaved-cell lymphoma. In both cases, at two and three years
      after initial presentation, a clinical picture resembling acute leukemia
      developed, with immature blastic-appearing infiltrates in the bone marrow and
      circulating blastic cells. Immunoperoxidase studies on fresh frozen sections of
      bone marrow in both cases confirmed the B-cell nature of the infiltrates and
      excluded the clinical impression of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. The
      differential diagnosis of hematolymphoid infiltrates in the bone marrow in
      patients with follicular lymphoma is discussed.

PMID- 3890517
TI  - Evaluation of the Chemstrip 9 as a screening test for urinalysis and urine
      culture in men.
AB  - The Chemstrip 9 (Biodynamics, Inc., Indianapolis, IN) was evaluated as a rapid
      screening method for urinalysis and quantitative urine culture. Of 469 urine
      specimens, 224 had an abnormal microscopic examination compared to 211 with an
      abnormal Chemstrip 9 (i.e., leukocyte esterase, nitrite, protein, or blood). The
      sensitivity and specificity of the dipstick test were 94.2% and 65.7%,
      respectively, while the predictive values of a positive and negative test were
      71.5% and 92.5%, respectively. A total of 459 urine specimens were quantitatively
      cultured and tested by the Chemstrip 9. Either one or more tests (i.e., leukocyte
      esterase, nitrite, protein, or blood) were positive in 91.3% of the 115 specimens
      with greater than or equal to 10(5) CFU/mL. The specificity was 43.6% and the
      predictive values of a positive and negative test were 35.1% and 93.8%,
      respectively. When the criterion for a positive test was greater than or equal to
      10(4) CFU/mL, the sensitivity and specificity were 86.8% and 45.5%, respectively.
      In contrast, the gram-stained smear of unspun urine was positive in 107 (93.0%)
      of specimens containing greater than or equal to 10(5) CFU/mL and in 115 (76.2%)
      of specimens with greater than or equal to 10(4) CFU/mL. Only 9 (2.9%) of 308
      specimens with less than or equal to 10(3) CFU/mL had a positive Gram smear.

PMID- 3890518
TI  - Widely disseminated Cunninghamella mucormycosis in an adult renal transplant
      patient: case report and review of the literature.
AB  - A case of widely disseminated mucormycosis involving Cunninghamella bertholletiae
      is reported. This represents the first report of Cunninghamella infection in a
      transplant patient and, to our knowledge, only the eighth reported case of human
      infection by this saprophytic fungus. The clinical course was similar to most of
      the previously reported cases in that the patient was immunocompromised prior to
      the infection and the diagnosis was made too late for appropriate therapeutic
      intervention. The current case is unique in that it involved a renal allograft
      recipient; that the major clinical signs and symptoms mimicked myocardial
      infarction; and that there was more widespread dissemination than in earlier
      cases. The histologic and laboratory identification of the fungus are presented
      and correlated with the clinical parameters (signs, symptoms, and therapy) of
      this case as well as the cases previously reported in the literature.

PMID- 3890519
TI  - Topical sulfacetamide vs oral erythromycin for neonatal chlamydial
      conjunctivitis.
AB  - Conjunctival and nasopharyngeal cultures for Chlamydia trachomatis were obtained
      from infants 30 days of age or younger with purulent conjunctivitis. Conjunctival
      specimens were also tested for other bacterial pathogens and for viruses. Most of
      the infants studied were black and came from a low-income, urban population. By
      random assignment infants received either topical treatment with 10%
      sulfacetamide sodium ophthalmic solution or systemic treatment with oral
      erythromycin estolate (50 mg/kg/day). Treatment was continued for 14 days if C
      trachomatis was isolated from the conjunctivae. Treatment was considered to be
      effective if conjunctivitis resolved and if follow-up chlamydial cultures of the
      conjunctivae and nasopharynx were negative at completion of therapy and two to
      four weeks later. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated in the absence of other
      pathogens from the eyes of 37 (73%) of 51 infants with conjunctivitis. Other
      bacterial pathogens were isolated from four infants (8%) and viruses from none.
      Chlamydial infection was eradicated from 14 (93%) of 15 infants treated orally.
      In contrast, persistent conjunctival infection was detected in eight infants
      (57%) and nasopharyngeal colonization in three (21%) of 14 infants after topical
      treatment. It was concluded that C trachomatis is the most frequent cause of
      neonatal conjunctivitis in the low-income, urban population studied; that
      erythromycin estolate administered orally for 14 days eradicates chlamydial
      conjunctival and nasopharyngeal infection; and that topical sulfacetamide therapy
      may result in persistent conjunctival infection and nasopharyngeal colonization.

PMID- 3890520
TI  - Limitations of theophylline in the treatment of apnea of prematurity.
AB  - Theophylline is commonly used to treat apnea of prematurity. To determine the
      effectiveness of theophylline with respect to gestational and postnatal age, we
      conducted a controlled study in 43 premature infants with idiopathic apnea. Three
      of the 21 treated and eight of the 22 control infants developed respiratory
      failure. Eight of the 11 infants with respiratory failure had gestational ages of
      less than 31 weeks and had more than four apneic episodes during the first day of
      life. In the treated infants without respiratory failure, the number of apneic
      episodes by 24-hour intervals declined six days earlier than in the control
      infants. Apnea disappeared, however, at a similar time in both groups. Three
      treated infants and three control infants had apneic episodes persisting beyond
      the neonatal period. Patients treated with theophylline did not develop
      respiratory failure as often as control infants did. However, despite a reduction
      of apneic episodes, theophylline did not shorten the course of apnea of
      prematurity.

PMID- 3890521
TI  - Oral glucose-electrolyte solutions as maintenance therapy of acute diarrhea.
AB  - Sixty well-nourished, well-hydrated infants, 3 to 24 months of age with
      uncomplicated acute gastroenteritis, were enrolled in a prospective, randomized,
      double-blind study that compared the safety and efficacy of two oral solutions.
      The solutions differed primarily in the sodium concentration (60 v 30 mEq/L) and
      glucose concentration (2% v 5%). The mean serum sodium concentrations of the two
      groups did not differ significantly from each other at entry or at the end of the
      study period. In addition, there were no significant changes in the mean serum
      sodium concentration within each group at the end of the study period. No child
      in either group became hypernatremic. Our results indicate that a solution with a
      high concentration of sodium initially designed for the rehydration of dehydrated
      children also can be safely and effectively used as a maintenance solution for
      the treatment of well-hydrated children older than 3 months of age with acute
      gastroenteritis.

PMID- 3890522
TI  - Seroepidemiology of the group-A streptococcal carriage state in a private
      pediatric practice.
AB  - During a 24-month period, throat-swab cultures were obtained on 1,362 well
      children who were 3 months to 14 years of age. The overall incidence of positive
      cultures for group-A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus was 3.3%; in those children
      older than 1 year, it was 4.4%. The largest incidence of positive cultures
      occurred in the 5- to 7-year-old (8.3%) and 8- to 10-year-old (4.5%) age groups.
      No positive cultures were obtained from 339 infants younger than 1 year of age.
      There was no relation between positive cultures and the month of the year. There
      were no significant differences between the age, sex, presence of tonsils,
      previous group-A streptococcal infections, or the presence in a daycare center or
      school of children with positive cultures compared with those children with
      negative cultures. Follow-ups were obtained on 29 of 45 children with positive
      throat cultures; all of the children were asymptomatic and had normal results of
      physical examinations. Group-A streptococci of the same serotype as the original
      isolate were isolated from 19 of these children. Three to four days after a ten
      day course of erythromycin estolate, five of 19 children again had positive
      cultures. Twenty-six of the 29 children had a total of 43 siblings residing in
      the home. Serotypically identical group-A streptococci were isolated from five
      siblings (11%). Only one of 29 patients from whom paired serum samples were
      obtained showed a fourfold rise or fall in the Streptozyme titers.

PMID- 3890523
TI  - Sulfisoxazole prophylaxis of middle ear effusion and recurrent acute otitis
      media.
AB  - The efficacy of sulfisoxazole prophylaxis was evaluated in 32 otitis-prone
      children in a double-blind cross-over clinical trial. During the sulfisoxazole
      therapy, seven patients (22%) had nine episodes of acute otitis media (AOM) while
      20 patients (63%) receiving placebo had 36 episodes of AOM (P = .001). Although
      sulfisoxazole appeared to be beneficial in patients aged 2 to 5 years,
      statistically significant efficacy was noted only in children under 2 years of
      age. Otitis media with effusion persisting for more than five weeks was observed
      in ten children (31%) during sulfisoxazole therapy and in 14 children (44%)
      during the placebo period (P greater than .975). Sulfisoxazole therefore appears
      effective in preventing recurrent symptomatic AOM but not in reducing the
      frequency of persistent otitis media with effusion. The importance of careful
      follow-up of children receiving long-term sulfisoxazole therapy for prevention of
      recurrent AOM is stressed.

PMID- 3890524
TI  - Decision analysis for the practicing gastroenterologist. 2. Insights into the
      efficacy of diagnostic strategies using decision analysis.
AB  - Decision analysis is a valuable tool for studying diagnostic strategies in
      gastroenterology. Multiple comprehensive patient management strategies can be
      compared in hypothetical populations of patients with varying characteristics
      reflecting real clinical situations which could not be readily empirically
      studied. Measures of clinical outcome can be compared and cost effectiveness
      ratios calculated. Analyses of the diagnostic approaches to suspected obstructive
      jaundice and pancreatic cancer presenting as abdominal pain are discussed as
      examples. A useful decision analysis combines the best data available in a
      clinically relevant fashion. Although decision analysis cannot replace empiric
      research, it helps clarify reasons for the uncertainty so common in clinical
      practice and provides insight into the diagnostic process that might otherwise be
      elusive.

PMID- 3890525
TI  - Treatment of patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in relapse: a Leukemia
      Intergroup study.
AB  - Forty patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) in first relapse were
      treated at eight member institutions of the Leukemia Intergroup with a 10-day
      continuous intravenous infusion of cytosine arabinoside and an anthracycline
      antibiotic administered on days 1, 2, and 3. Twenty of the 40 patients achieved a
      complete response. Seven of the patients who did not enter remission were drug
      resistant failures, while 13 patients failed to enter remission for reasons other
      than persistent leukemia. Pretreatment parameters such as age, presence of
      infection, platelet count, and liver function tests were important predictors of
      survival. The percent bone marrow cellularity, the percent circulating abnormal
      (leukemic) cells, and the height of the white blood cell count prior to treatment
      were helpful in distinguishing patients who would enter remission from those who
      would not enter remission because of persistent leukemia.

PMID- 3890526
TI  - A renal biopsy study of lupus nephropathy in the United States and Korea.
AB  - A comparative study was made using renal biopsy specimens obtained from US and
      Korean patients with lupus nephropathy. Significant differences were observed in
      the morphologic distribution and activity of the disease. Korean patients
      exhibited a higher frequency of World Health Organization class IV lupus
      nephropathy (77.8%) than black (47.2%) or white (42.1%) US patients (P less than
      0.025, P less than 0.05, respectively), and a higher inflammatory intensity index
      (P less than 0.045) than US patients. Korean patients also showed a significantly
      lower frequency of WHO class III nephropathy (P less than 0.05). No significant
      morphologic differences were seen between the US white and black patient
      populations. These data suggest that the Korean patients had a more active and
      potentially more fulminating disease than the US patients. Whether differences in
      genetic and external causative factors play a role in the observed differences in
      renal histopathology among these groups remains to be clarified.

PMID- 3890527
TI  - Myelodysplasia in cadaver renal allografts: a report of four cases.
AB  - A report of four cases of severe myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) culminating in
      death in cadaver renal recipients is presented. All patients received
      predominantly antimetabolite immunosuppressive therapy. Abnormal cytogenetics
      were found in two cases. Survival was brief in all cases from the time of
      diagnosis. These cases add to the increasing number of patients treated with
      antimetabolite drugs for nonmalignant conditions who develop severe hematological
      abnormalities which might be a prodrome of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3890528
TI  - A double blind trial of dipyridamole in CAPD.
AB  - Since we had previously shown that dipyridamole augmented inulin and glucose
      clearance during intermittent peritoneal dialysis we sought to extend our study
      to the patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. We carried
      out a double blind study in which patients received either 75 mg of active drug
      or placebo for a 2-week period. At the end of this period the mass transfer
      coefficients, between plasma and dialysate, were measured for selected solutes.
      We did not find any drug effect. The results of our first study together with the
      results of this study suggest that dipyridamole has no place in the chronic
      management of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 3890529
TI  - Folic acid blinded trial in identical twins with fragile X syndrome.
AB  - Monozygous twin 14-year-old mentally retarded boys with the fragile X syndrome
      were treated either with 10 mg folic acid by mouth daily or with a placebo for
      three test periods of 3-month duration each in a blind study. For each twin,
      tests of cognitive functioning, reading, spelling, and math skills, and
      linguistic and perceptual skills were compared. Although there was considerable
      variation in performance on these tests during the two baseline periods, there
      were no observable beneficial effects of therapy. The routine use of folic acid
      in patients with established mental retardation and the fragile X syndrome is not
      indicated.

PMID- 3890531
TI  - Deregulation of health-care financing.

PMID- 3890530
TI  - Projections of leukemia risk associated with occupational exposure to benzene.
AB  - In 1982, White et al published an assessment of quantitative leukemia risk
      associated with lifetime occupational exposure to benzene. At about the same
      time, IARC (1982) published estimates of quantitative cancer risk associated with
      industrial chemicals. Benzene was one of the two chemicals selected by IARC for
      its risk estimation. This paper presents a summary of these assessments along
      with new study results demonstrating adverse effects on bone marrow and
      peripheral blood cells as a result of low-level benzene exposure. Mathematical
      extrapolations based on epidemiologic studies are consistent with a finding of
      significant risk of dying from leukemia under the current occupational
      permissible exposure limit of 10 ppm. Although a significant reduction of risk
      could be expected to be achieved by reducing exposure to 1 ppm, a significant
      risk may still remain. The uncertainty of the dose-response projections rests on
      the underlying estimates of relative risk of death from leukemia, the estimates
      of benzene exposure (dose), and the appropriateness of the mathematical model.
      Recent findings in experimental animals demonstrate chromosomal damage to bone
      marrow cells, significant depression of the bone marrow, and disturbances of
      immune system function as a result of less than 1 week of exposure to the current
      permissible benzene exposure limit of 10 ppm. This was the lowest dose tested.
      These experimental findings provide further evidence of a potentially significant
      risk of bone marrow proliferative cancer (leukemia) as a result of low-dose
      benzene exposure.

PMID- 3890532
TI  - Treatment of skin and soft tissue infections with imipenem/cilastatin.
AB  - Ninety-eight adult patients with skin and soft tissue infections caused by a
      variety of bacterial pathogens were treated with imipenem/cilastatin (71),
      cefazolin (21), or moxalactam (six) at three medical centers. Favorable clinical
      responses were observed in 87 of the 90 evaluable cases (97 percent). Most
      etiologic pathogens were eradicated during treatment including five of seven
      which demonstrated in vitro resistance to the therapeutic agent. Strains that
      persisted during treatment were not associated with therapeutic failure except in
      one cefazolin-treated patient who was infected with Bacteroides fragilis. All
      three drugs were well tolerated and no specific patterns of adverse reactions
      were observed.

PMID- 3890533
TI  - Pathogenesis and treatment of endocarditis.
AB  - The rabbit model has been invaluable for in vivo studies in the pathogenesis and
      treatment of bacterial endocarditis. Both of the features of the mature bacterial
      vegetations in this rabbit model, i.e., absence of phagocytosis and decreased
      metabolic activity, provide evidence to support the concept that a rapidly
      bactericidal antimicrobial agent provides the optimal approach to the successful
      treatment of endocarditis. Imipenem, a carbapenem with a very broad spectrum of
      in vitro activity, has been shown to be rapidly bactericidal in animals and
      highly effective in the treatment of experimental bacterial endocarditis. In
      addition, twenty-six patients with endocarditis, caused largely by Staphylococcus
      aureus, have been successfully treated with imipenem/cilastatin.

PMID- 3890534
TI  - Role of imipenem/cilastatin in the treatment of soft tissue infections.
AB  - Imipenem/cilastatin was given to 243 evaluable patients with moderately severe to
      severe soft tissue infections. Cultures prior to therapy yielded Staphylococcus
      aureus (108 isolates), group D and non-group D enterococci (49), group A
      streptococci (42), other aerobic gram-positive cocci (72), Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      (54), Escherichia coli (32), Proteus mirabilis (31), Enterobacter (21),
      Klebsiella (20), other aerobic gram-negative rods (58), Bacteroides fragilis
      group (16), and other anaerobes (65). Overall, 95 percent (230 of 243) of the
      patients treated had clinical cure (137 of 243) or improvement (93 of 243). Of
      the 506 strains of etiologic bacterial pathogens isolated from these patients and
      tested against imipenem, 498 (98 percent) were susceptible to the antibiotic.
      Many were resistant to both older and newer penicillins and cephalosporins.
      Serial cultures of infection sites revealed that 426 of 498 (86 percent) of pre
      therapy bacterial isolates were eradicated by imipenem/cilastatin therapy. Eight
      of 498 etiologic pathogens (1.6 percent) acquired resistance to imipenem (seven
      P. aeruginosa and one enterococcus). Such resistance acquisition was associated
      with clinical failure in two patients. Imipenem/cilastatin appears to be a highly
      effective, relatively safe therapy of soft tissue infections caused by a wide
      variety of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes, both
      polymicrobial and monomicrobial in nature. Imipenem/cilastatin should be
      considered particularly when infection by the more antibiotic-resistant of these
      bacteria is suspected or proved.

PMID- 3890535
TI  - Therapy of mixed anaerobic-aerobic infections. Lessons from studies of intra
      abdominal sepsis.
AB  - Mixed anaerobic-aerobic infections may occur in a variety of anatomical locations
      and are usually related to the spread of bacteria from a proximal mucosal
      surface. Much has been learned about the pathophysiology and treatment of mixed
      anaerobic-aerobic infections from the study of intra-abdominal sepsis related to
      spillage of colonic contents. There is an average of five microorganisms at the
      infected site: three anaerobic and two aerobic pathogens. Appendicitis and
      diverticulosis are the most common conditions which predispose to fecal
      contamination of the intra-abdominal cavity. Initially, peritonitis develops
      which, if untreated, progresses to an abscess. The abscess is a unique pathologic
      entity which may form a protective environment for the microorganisms and present
      a barrier to the action of certain antimicrobial agents. Treatment usually
      involves two modalities: surgical drainage or debridement and appropriate
      antimicrobial agents to cover both components of the mixed infection. On the
      basis of in vitro susceptibility there are six groups of antimicrobial agents
      that are useful in treating intra-abdominal infections: clindamycin;
      metronidazole; chloramphenicol; broad-spectrum penicillins
      (carbenicillin/ticarcillin/piperacillin); cephalosporins (cefoxitin/moxalactam);
      and imipenem. Randomized prospective studies have shown that the first five of
      these groups are effective in the therapy of intra-abdominal mixed infections.
      Preliminary data indicate that imipenem/cilastatin is very effective in the
      therapy of this serious infection; however its place in the therapeutic
      armamentarium awaits the completion of randomized prospective studies against
      established drugs.

PMID- 3890536
TI  - Gram-negative bacillary infections. Pathogenic and pathophysiologic correlates.
AB  - Gram-negative bacillary infections continue to be extremely important.
      Escherichia coli is the single most frequently encountered pathogen, followed by
      organisms belonging to the tribe Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia and Proteus
      Providencia. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, although it receives considerable (perhaps
      excessive) attention, is found relatively less frequently, occurring principally
      in the hospitalized patient who is immunocompromised. Many factors, both host and
      microbial, are responsible for invasiveness, virulence, and pathogenicity of gram
      negative bacilli, but their relative roles, importance, and the pathophysiologic
      reactions they trigger are yet to be precisely defined. Certain aspects of many
      (but certainly not all) of the pathogenic correlates considered important in gram
      negative bacillary infections, such as microbial flora, local barriers, surface
      and serum antibodies, complement, cell-mediated immunity, slime production,
      capsules, pili, endotoxin, cell wall components, extracellular products, and
      inoculum size are discussed herein. Points at which preventive or therapeutic
      strategies might be developed are offered. The benefits of antibiotics in
      managing susceptible gram-negative bacillary infections appear to be plateauing.
      If further advances are to be made in the therapy of these infections, new
      approaches to rapidly identifying the responsible etiologic agent and a better
      understanding of the factors responsible for invasiveness, virulence, and
      pathogenicity are needed.

PMID- 3890537
TI  - Review of the in vitro spectrum of activity of imipenem.
AB  - Imipenem (N-formimidoyl thienamycin, MK0787), a new carbapenem was found to have
      the widest antimicrobial activity of currently available beta-lactam drugs.
      Enterobacteriaceae had minimal inhibitory concentrations of imipenem of 8.0
      micrograms/ml or less for 99.8 percent of clinical isolates. Only rare strains of
      Enterobacter species and Proteus mirabilis have higher imipenem minimal
      inhibitory concentration results. Hemophilus and Neisseria species were
      inhibited, but minimal inhibitory concentrations of imipenem were higher than
      those reported for third-generation cephalosporins. Only Pseudomonas maltophilia
      and Pseudomonas cepacia strains were imipenem resistant (MIC50 greater than 32
      micrograms/ml) among the commonly isolated non-enteric gram-negative bacilli. All
      anaerobes were found susceptible to imipenem with the exception of some strains
      of Clostridium difficile. Staphylococcus species and non-enterococcal
      streptococci were very susceptible to imipenem. Streptococcus faecalis had higher
      minimal inhibitory concentrations of imipenem (MIC90 3.1 micrograms/ml) and S.
      faecium strains were frankly resistant. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates
      had a MIC90 of 27.2 micrograms imipenem/ml. Imipenem was generally bactericidal
      except for marked minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentration
      differences with enterococci, Listeria, methicillin-resistant staphylococci, and
      some P. aeruginosa strains. The minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal
      concentrations of imipenem were not significantly influenced by organism inoculum
      size, probably because of its beta-lactamase stability to nearly all commonly
      encountered bacterial enzymes. Imipenem was found to be an excellent inhibitor of
      beta-lactamases and a potent enzyme inducer. The induction characteristic seems
      responsible for the antagonistic interactions of imipenem with some enzyme-labile
      beta-lactams in combination. Imipenem had limited stability in some in vitro
      susceptibility test systems. The 10 micrograms disk test or dry-form broth micro
      dilution systems were preferred, applying the interpretive criteria from the
      National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (M2-A3). Imipenem-resistant
      strains were rarely found in clinical practice and bacteria resistant to newer
      beta-lactams and aminoglycosides were generally very susceptible to this new
      carbapenem.

PMID- 3890538
TI  - Randomized trial of imipenem/cilastatin versus gentamicin and clindamycin in
      mixed flora infections.
AB  - Results of a randomized trial comparing imipenem/cilastatin versus the
      combination of gentamicin plus clindamycin for mixed flora surgical sepsis are
      reported herein. Seventy-four patients were evaluable, 50 of whom had intra
      abdominal sepsis. No imipenem-resistant initially infecting isolates were
      encountered. When outcome was evaluated on the basis of severity scoring (APACHE
      II), no difference in mortality was noted. However, therapy in two patients with
      Pseudomonas emerging from a polymicrobial flora failed with gentamicin, whereas
      no Pseudomonas failures were noted with imipenem/cilastatin. The major difference
      noted was in toxicity. There was a 20 percent incidence of nephrotoxicity in
      gentamicin-treated patients despite serum level monitoring and multiple dose
      adjustments. The degree of efficacy and the relative tolerability of
      imipenem/cilastatin in seriously ill surgical patients is demonstrated.

PMID- 3890539
TI  - Aldosterone studies in obese patients with hypertension.
AB  - Ten patients with hypertension and obesity were studied during a program of
      weight loss on an unrestricted sodium diet. The study showed that weight loss
      during the ten month period was accompanied by a significant decrease in urinary
      aldosterone, tetrahydroaldosterone -3-glucuronide and plasma renin activity
      values. It was also demonstrated that successful reduction in body weight was
      associated with a reduction in blood pressure. It is postulated that blood
      pressure reduction in obese patients during weight reduction may depend on
      decreases in aldosterone and plasma renin activity. The reduction in levels of
      tetrahydroaldosterone-3-glucuronide is due to an energy related depression of the
      glucuronidation process caused by carbohydrate deficiency. It is postulated that
      the lowered rate of metabolism of aldosterone as measured by the diminished
      formation of the metabolite tetrahydroaldosterone-3-glucuronide is an important
      determinant of blood pressure status during weight reduction.

PMID- 3890540
TI  - Diabetic gastroparesis: an abnormality of gastric emptying of solids.
AB  - Gastric emptying is delayed in subjects with gastroparesis diabeticorum. To
      ascertain whether solid or fluid gastric emptying is affected by visceral
      autonomic neuropathy, ten severe diabetics with gastroparesis and ten nondiabetic
      disease matched controls were studied. Subjects were screened to identify the
      presence or absence of autonomic neuropathy. The gastric emptying of fluids and
      solids was assessed by standard methodology utilizing a simultaneous dual
      radionuclide technique. If delayed gastric emptying was present on the initial
      study, metoclopramide (10mg IV bolus) was administered in a repeat study on a
      separate day. Screening modalities for autonomic neuropathy were markedly
      positive for the diabetic group, and were negative in the control group. The
      gastric emptying rate of fluids was normal in both groups and was not
      statistically different from previous standards developed using the same
      methodology (p = 0.53, analysis of covariance). The gastric emptying of solids
      was markedly delayed in the diabetic group in relation to the control group (p =
      .0035, analysis of covariance). Metoclopramide normalized delayed solid emptying
      rates without affecting fluid emptying rates.

PMID- 3890541
TI  - Review: pathophysiology of diarrhea caused by bacterial overgrowth of the small
      intestine.
AB  - The bacterial overgrowth syndrome constitutes an intestinal problem involving
      alterations in motility and injury to the brush border and mucosa. The overgrowth
      of bacteria also causes secretion, malabsorption, and maldigestion. These
      alterations result in a clinical syndrome that manifests itself as weight loss,
      malabsorption of specific nutrients, and (usually) diarrhea. There are known
      causes of bacterial overgrowth, such as intestinal diverticuli or surgical
      procedures involving a vagotomy, but in our experience most cases remain
      idiopathic. This review evaluates the mechanisms of bacterial overgrowth, as
      currently understood, and specifically addresses the known causes of diarrhea
      that results from bacterial contamination of the small intestine.

PMID- 3890542
TI  - Bilateral renal agenesis in twins.
AB  - We present the second report of like-sex twins concordantly affected with
      bilateral renal agenesis (BRA). Mode of inheritance is proposed to be autosomal
      dominant. Screening of first-degree relatives of the BRA proband by ultrasound of
      the GU system is recommended. Prenatal diagnosis with second-trimester ultrasound
      screening is recommended when a previous fetus has been affected by bilateral
      renal agenesis.

PMID- 3890543
TI  - Insulin injections. The case against random rotation.

PMID- 3890544
TI  - Flow velocity waveforms in the maternal uteroplacental and fetal umbilical
      placental circulations.
AB  - A simple continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound system was used to record arterial
      flow velocity time waveforms from branches of the maternal uterine artery in the
      placental bed and the fetal umbilical arteries. The systolic-diastolic ratio of
      flow velocities was measured as an index of peripheral resistance. In normal
      pregnancy both circulations exhibit high diastolic flow velocities caused by low
      resistance. The study group consisted of 172 pregnancies with high fetal risk of
      which 53 resulted in delivery of a small-for-gestational age infant. The last
      study-to-delivery interval was less than 10 days. In the small-for-gestational
      age fetuses in whom both umbilical and uterine studies were normal there was good
      fetal outcome (19 cases). Neonatal morbidity occurred among those with abnormal
      umbilical studies with low diastolic flow velocities, indicating high resistance.
      Of these studies there were two subgroups. An abnormal uterine study (13 cases)
      indicated a primary maternal uteroplacental lesion and a normal study (21 cases)
      a primary fetal lesion. In cases of severe maternal hypertension, abnormal
      uterine artery waveforms were associated with abnormal umbilical artery
      waveforms.

PMID- 3890545
TI  - Chorionic villus sampling for first-trimester prenatal diagnosis: Northwestern
      University program.
AB  - We present our initial experience in developing a chorionic villus sampling
      program at Northwestern University. In phase 1, we performed chorionic villus
      sampling in 58 patients prior to elective first-trimester abortion, assessing the
      reliability and reproducibility of obtaining adequate villus samples and
      performing cytogenetic analysis by means of both the direct and culture methods.
      Specimens were categorized according to quality: class I, multiple identifiable
      villi (n = 20); class II, few villi or villi mixed with decidua (n = 15); class
      III, no villi (n = 23). There was a positive trend between operator experience,
      amount of villi obtained, and quality of cytogenetic preparations. In March,
      1984, we received Institutional Review Board approval to perform chorionic villus
      sampling in continuing pregnancies (phase 2). Among the first 20 cases we found
      two abnormalities (47,XY, + 13; 45,X). The remaining 18 pregnancies were
      continuing. Recommendations are made for developing a chorionic villus sampling
      program.

PMID- 3890546
TI  - Noninvasive prediction of hyaline membrane disease: an optimized classification
      of sonographic placental maturation.
AB  - Accurate prediction of fetal pulmonary maturity by means of a less invasive
      procedure than amniocentesis would be desirable. Sonographic diagnosis of a Grade
      III placenta has been reported to be an excellent predictor of fetal lung
      maturity. The standard classification of placental grading assigns grade
      according to the most advanced portion of the placenta. Using this
      classification, we studied 230 patients. In 80 pregnancies with Grade III
      placenta, three of the neonates developed respiratory distress syndrome. With
      reclassification of the placentas as immature, (no Grade III areas),
      intermediate, (only a portion of the placenta being Grade III), or mature, (Grade
      III placenta throughout), it was found that no neonatal hyaline membrane disease
      occurred in the 41 pregnancies with mature placentas, whereas 12% of the neonates
      in the immature group and 8% in the intermediate group developed hyaline membrane
      disease. These findings suggest that when sonographic examination of the placenta
      shows both Grade III and non-Grade III sections, there is still a risk for an
      immature amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio and neonatal hyaline
      membrane disease. The placentas should be considered mature only when Grade III
      changes are present in all sections examined by ultrasound.

PMID- 3890547
TI  - Immunoperoxidase localization of chlamydial antigens in acute salpingitis.
AB  - Seventy surgically excised fallopian tubes in which there was originally a
      diagnosis of acute salpingitis were reviewed histologically and screened for
      chlamydial antigens by the immunoperoxidase technique. Chlamydial antigens were
      localized within tubal epithelial cells in two of the 70 cases (3%). Endometrial
      specimens from these two patients were also positive for chlamydial antigens.
      There was no definite correlation between the histologic features of the
      salpingitis and chlamydial immunoperoxidase positivity.

PMID- 3890548
TI  - Syndrome of camptodactyly, ankyloses, facial anomalies, and pulmonary hypoplasia
      (Pena-Shokeir syndrome): obstetric and ultrasound aspects.
AB  - Two siblings with Pena-Shokeir syndrome are described. This syndrome consists of
      polyhydramnios, intrauterine growth retardation, short umbilical cord, perinatal
      death, facial abnormalities, limb abnormalities including arthrogryposis, and
      lethal pulmonary hypoplasia. The mode of inheritance is most likely autosomal
      recessive. Prenatal diagnosis was made in the second pregnancy with ultrasound
      performed at 26 weeks' gestation. The roles of fetal akinesia and fetal apnea in
      the production of the various manifestations of the syndrome are detailed, and
      the possibility of early prenatal diagnosis is considered.

PMID- 3890550
TI  - Ultrasound diagnosis of meconium-stained amniotic fluid.

PMID- 3890549
TI  - Prostacyclin and thromboxane in gynecology and obstetrics.
AB  - The gynecologic and obstetric implications of the smooth muscle-relaxing,
      antiaggregatory prostacyclin and its endogenous antagonist, thromboxane A2, are
      reviewed. In addition to the vascular wall and circulating platelets, which are
      primary sources for prostacyclin and thromboxane A2, respectively, reproductive
      tissues produce great amounts of these prostanoids, evidently for the regulation
      of the vascular tone and/or vascular platelet interaction. Several gynecologic
      and obstetric disorders are characterized by abnormalities in prostacyclin and/or
      thromboxane A2. In primary menorrhagia the uterine release of prostacyclin is
      increased, and consequently menstrual blood loss can be reduced with various
      prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors. Prostacyclin relaxes the nonpregnant
      myometrium in vitro and may also do so in vivo, although intravenous infusion of
      prostacyclin has no effect upon the uterine contractility in nonpregnant or
      pregnant subjects. Patients with pelvic endometriosis may have increased levels
      of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 metabolites in the peritoneal fluid. The
      prostacyclin/thromboxane A2 balance shifts to thromboxane A2 dominance in
      patients with gynecologic cancer. During pregnancy the production of prostacyclin
      and thromboxane A2 increases in the mother and fetoplacental tissue. Preeclampsia
      and other chronic placental insufficiency syndromes are accompanied by
      prostacyclin deficiency in the mother and in fetomaternal tissues and by an
      overproduction of thromboxane A2, at least in the placenta. These changes may
      account for the vasoconstriction and platelet hyperactivity, which are
      pathognomonic for hypertensive pregnancies. By directing the
      prostacyclin/thromboxane A2 balance to prostacyclin dominance (by dietary
      manipulation, administration of prostacyclin and/or its analogues, drugs with
      prostacyclin-stimulating and/or thromboxane A2-inhibiting action), it may be
      possible to prevent and/or treat hypertensive pregnancy complications in the
      future.

PMID- 3890551
TI  - Secondary intraocular lens implantation during or after corneal transplantation.
AB  - An analysis of the effects of secondary intraocular lens implantation on the
      clinical results of corneal transplantation in four groups of eyes showed that
      the mean visual acuity in 27 eyes undergoing intraocular lens implant at the time
      of aphakic keratoplasty and in 12 eyes undergoing intraocular lens implantation
      after corneal transplant was approximately 20/40; the visual acuity in 24 eyes
      undergoing intraocular lens exchange at the time of transplant for pseudophakic
      bullous keratopathy and in 18 eyes undergoing intraocular lens removal at the
      time of transplant for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy was poorer. The
      techniques used were simple and did not increase the incidence of transplant
      complications. Intraocular lens implantation combined with corneal transplants
      should be considered in aphakic eyes requiring corneal transplants, in eyes
      requiring simultaneous cataract extraction and corneal transplants, and in eyes
      in which cataracts have developed after corneal transplant.

PMID- 3890552
TI  - The Glenn A. Fry Award Lecture: optics of the crystalline lens.
AB  - The optical characteristics of the vertebrate crystalline lens are reviewed in
      terms of environmental concerns and spherical aberration. Lens shape and relative
      size are determined by such factors as whether the eye is to be used in air or
      water and whether it is to be used under scotopic or photopic conditions. The
      continued growth of the lens through life can be related to whether the lens
      exhibits positive or negative spherical aberration. In general, spherical
      aberration, as measured using a split laser beam method with excised lenses, is
      minimized in species with life histories indicating superior resolution ability.
      In addition, lens optical quality, as indicated by zonular differences in focal
      length, deteriorates with lens age. Finally, the measurement of spherical
      aberration may be used to monitor lens integrity during lens culture experiments.

PMID- 3890553
TI  - A case of spontaneous dislocated lenses.
AB  - There are a great number of causes of dislocated lenses. One such cause is the
      spontaneous dislocation of a mature or hypermature cataractous lens. The case of
      an 80-year-old black female with spontaneously dislocated lenses is reported.
      Because the woman was not aphakic from surgery, but rather from spontaneous
      dislocation of her lenses, she was not eligible for eyeglasses from Medicare.

PMID- 3890554
TI  - Chinese NiTi wire--a new orthodontic alloy.
AB  - Chinese NiTi wire was studied by means of a bending test to determine wire
      stiffness, springback, and maximum bending moments. Chinese NiTi wire has an
      unusual deactivation curve (unlike steel and nitinol wires) in which relatively
      constant forces are produced over a long range of action. The characteristic
      flexural stiffness of NiTi wire is determined by the amount of activation. At
      large activations NiTi wires has a stiffness of only 7% that of a comparable
      stainless steel wire, and at small activations 28% of steel wire. For the same
      activation at large deflections, the forces produced are 36% that of a comparable
      nitinol wire. Chinese NiTi wire demonstrates phenomenal springback. It can be
      deflected 1.6 times as far as nitinol wire or 4.4 times as far as stainless steel
      wire without appreciable permanent deformation. NiTi wire is highly useful in
      clinical situations that require a low-stiffness wire with an extremely large
      springback.

PMID- 3890555
TI  - Time course of changes in albumin synthesis and mRNA in diabetic and insulin
      treated diabetic rats.
AB  - Albumin synthesis in rat liver in vivo decreased from 12.7 to 2.2% of total
      protein synthesis during the first 3 days after the induction of diabetes and
      then remained relatively constant at this depressed rate for another 3 days.
      Insulin treatment begun on the 3rd day after the induction of diabetes restored
      albumin synthesis to control values within 3 days. Hybridization of total
      polyadenylate-containing RNA with a specific albumin cDNA probe revealed a close
      correspondence between the relative abundance of albumin mRNA and the relative
      rate of albumin synthesis after induction of diabetes and in response to insulin
      treatment. The apparent half-life of albumin mRNA, based on the rate of change of
      the message from one steady-state level to another, was approximately 22 h in
      both diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats. Diabetes of 3-day duration had
      no effect on the average sizes of total and albumin-synthesizing polysomes or on
      the ribosomal half-transit time for total protein and albumin. However, the
      number of albumin-synthesizing polysomes decreased as a result of diabetes to
      approximately one-third the number found in control livers. Taken together the
      results indicate that albumin synthesis was regulated by the availability of
      albumin mRNA and not by alterations in degradation, sequestration, or translation
      of message.

PMID- 3890556
TI  - Nonirritative lesions of VMH: effects on plasma insulin, obesity, and
      hyperreactivity.
AB  - Obesity resulting from lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) has often
      been attributed to ablation-induced disinhibition of insulin release. However,
      lesion studies have generally employed electrolyzing anodal current with
      stainless steel electrodes, which results not only in tissue ablation but
      deposits of metallic ions that can chronically irritate surrounding tissue. The
      present study compared the effects of irritative and nonirritative VMH lesions on
      plasma insulin levels and obesity in female rats. Blood samples were obtained
      after a 4-h fast and 17 min after the initiation of a meal (6 ml of sweetened
      milk in 7 min) during a period when VMH rats were food restricted to the level of
      sham-operated animals and again when all animals were fed ad libitum. Irritative
      lesions (anodal electrolytic with stainless steel electrodes) caused heavy
      metallic ion deposition at the lesion site, marked obesity, and hyperinsulinemia
      both during food restriction and ad libitum feeding. Nonirritative lesions
      (cathodal electrolytic with platinum electrodes) resulted in no metallic ion
      deposition in seven of nine animals. These seven rats, which displayed 65% of the
      weight gain of animals with irritative lesions (significantly greater than sham
      rats), had significantly elevated insulin levels only under the postabsorptive
      condition during ad libitum feeding. In addition, only the animals with
      irritative lesions displayed emotional hyperreactivity to capture and handling.
      It is concluded that obesity produced by anodal electrolytic lesions with
      stainless steel electrodes is a result of both a destructive component resulting
      in hyperphagia with secondary hyperinsulinemia and an irritative component
      (accounting for up to 40% of the weight gain in female rats) resulting in basal
      hyperinsulinemia independent of hyperphagia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3890557
TI  - Modification of renin isoelectric heterogeneity in Goldblatt hypertensive rat.
AB  - Six forms of renin have been described in rat kidney. Different stimuli resulted
      in secretion of unique profiles of those forms. We studied their storage and
      secretion in the two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rat (GHR). Renal
      venous blood, kidney homogenates, and incubation media from cortical slices were
      subjected to isoelectric focusing. In all samples tested, six peaks of renin
      activity were found with isoelectric points at pH 5.90, 5.70, 5.40, 5.20, 5.00,
      and 4.80. The quantity of renin activity for each form was expressed as a
      percentage of the total recovered from the gel. In control kidneys the profile of
      renin stored and that released by in vitro slices were similar. However, in
      plasma, the percentage of renin focusing at the more basic pH was decreased. This
      is in agreement with other work showing that the liver removes the more basic
      forms more rapidly than the acidic forms. The clipped kidney of GHR secreted,
      both in vivo and in vitro, a profile of renin forms that was significantly
      different from the control kidney. The difference was expressed by an increase in
      the secretion of the more acidic forms by the clipped kidney. It is hypothesized
      that changes in the secretory profile of renin may reflect changes in storage and
      synthesis of those forms.

PMID- 3890558
TI  - Effect of redox potential on protein degradation in perfused rat heart.
AB  - The effect of redox potential on protein degradation was assessed in rat hearts
      supplied either glucose or pyruvate, and the correlation between redox state and
      proteolysis was examined after the addition of insulin and leucine. In hearts
      supplied glucose as the sole energy source, the inhibition of protein degradation
      by a range of concentrations of insulin was associated with increased ratios of
      perfusate lactate to pyruvate and intracellular lactate to pyruvate, malate to
      pyruvate, and NADH to NAD. However, the extent of inhibition did not correlate
      with the redox state. The inhibitory effect of leucine on protein degradation was
      not accompanied by any change in redox state of the hearts. In hearts provided
      with pyruvate, rates of protein degradation continued to be inhibited by insulin
      even though the perfusate lactate to pyruvate was decreased by 14-fold and the
      calculated cytosolic NADH-to-NAD ratios were only 3% of those seen in hearts
      supplied glucose. These results indicated that a correlation between redox state
      and protein degradation was not apparent in myocardium under the experimental
      conditions examined.

PMID- 3890559
TI  - Effect of sepsis on VLDL kinetics: responses in basal state and during glucose
      infusion.
AB  - The effect of gram-negative sepsis on the kinetics and oxidation of very low
      density lipoprotein (VLDL) fatty acids was assessed in conscious dogs in the
      normal state and 24 h after infusion of live Escherichia coli. VLDL, labeled with
      [2-3H]glycerol and [1-14C]palmitic acid, was used to trace VLDL kinetics and
      oxidation, and [1-13C]palmitic acid bound to albumin was infused simultaneously
      to quantify kinetics and oxidation of free fatty acid (FFA) in plasma. Sepsis
      caused a fivefold increase in the rate of VLDL production (RaVLDL). In the
      control dogs, the direct oxidation of VLDL-fatty acids was not an important
      contributor to their overall energy metabolism, but in dogs with sepsis, 17% of
      the total rate of CO2 production could be accounted for by VLDL-fatty acid
      oxidation. When glucose was infused into dogs with insulin and glucagon levels
      clamped at basal levels (by means of infusion of somatostatin and replacement of
      the hormones), RaVLDL increased significantly in the control dogs, but it did not
      increase further in dogs with sepsis. We conclude that the increase in
      triglyceride concentration in fasting dogs with gram-negative sepsis is the
      result of an increase in VLDL production and that the fatty acids in VLDL can
      serve as an important source of energy in sepsis.

PMID- 3890560
TI  - Corticotropin-releasing factor inhibits insulin release from perfused rat
      pancreas.
AB  - The ability of synthetic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) (rat) to influence
      hormone release from the endocrine pancreas of rats has been evaluated by means
      of perfusion in situ. Release of insulin and glucagon into the perfusate was
      measured in the presence and absence of CRF (0.1, 1, and 10 ng/ml) under
      conditions of normal and high glucose concentration (5.5 and 11 mM). Under both
      conditions, CRF (0.1, 1, and 10 ng/ml) induced a rapid, dose-dependent inhibition
      of insulin release followed by a remarkable postinhibitory rebound when exposure
      to CRF was discontinued. CRF had no significant effect on glucagon release when
      tested under these conditions. These results are reminiscent of noradrenergic
      inhibition of insulin release and together with evidence for the presence of CRF
      in the pancreas suggest that this peptide could function as a neuromodulatory
      transducer in addition to its role as a hypophysiotropic hormone perhaps
      contributing to the coordination of the overall endocrine response to stress.

PMID- 3890561
TI  - Mechanisms maintaining a low-pH microclimate in the intestine.
AB  - The presence of an unequilibrated region adjacent to the mucosal surface of the
      small intestine has long been suggested. Controversy remains as to the
      characteristics of this region. This study was designed to further define these
      characteristics. Our studies demonstrated by two independent methods, pH
      electrode measurement and dye indicator, that a low-pH compartment does exist at
      the surface of the intestine. The thickness of this microclimate was estimated to
      be 700 microns, comparable with that described for the unstirred water layer.
      Maintenance of the low-pH compartment is due to the presence of a mucus coating
      rather than hydrogen ion secretion. We postulate that the mucus functions as an
      ampholyte and restricts hydrogen ion movement in its matrix. The acidic
      microclimate, unstirred water layer, and the mucus coating might in fact
      represent a common phenomenon.

PMID- 3890562
TI  - Prostaglandins and fetal cardiac output distribution in the lamb.
AB  - With the use of a triple thermodilution technique in 17 fetal lambs, combined
      with microsphere estimations in 7, the effects of indomethacin prostaglandin (PG)
      I2 and PGE2 on cardiac output and its distribution were measured. Indomethacin
      (0.2 mg/kg) induced a main pulmonary artery-to-aorta pressure gradient, which
      peaked within 45-60 min and persisted for 2-3 h. PGE2 abolished this gradient
      (threshold 50 ng X kg-1 X min-1), while PGI2 in doses up to 100 ng X kg-1 X min-1
      increased it. Indomethacin did not change total cardiac output but altered its
      distribution (right ventricular output, left ventricular output) and increased
      the percentage of right ventricular output flowing to the lungs. Ductal flow
      decreased concomitantly. After indomethacin, PGI2 further decreased ductal flow,
      increased pulmonary flow, and decreased pulmonary vascular resistance. PGE2
      restored the original right ventricular-to-total cardiac output ratio, although
      ductus flow did not return to base-line levels. Pulmonary resistance increased
      slightly, reflecting decreased pulmonary flow, associated with decreased right
      ventricular output. Thus PGE2 was more effective on the ductus than on the
      pulmonary circulation. PGI2 did not relax the ductus but was a potent pulmonary
      vasodilator. Neither PGI2 nor PGE2 nor indomethacin changed total cardiac output
      but all altered its distribution.

PMID- 3890563
TI  - Brown adipose and metabolic features of chronic diet-induced obesity.
AB  - Half of the 3-mo male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fat (DIO) diet for 5 mo
      became obese and had increased carcass lipid (106%) and plasma insulin levels
      (61%), despite 8% less total energy intake than chow-fed controls. Their
      interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) was 52% heavier with 45% more lipid and
      larger uni- and multilocular cells. Norepinephrine turnover was normal in their
      hearts, pancreases, and aortas but undetectable in IBAT where in vitro lipolysis,
      but not O2 consumption (VO2), was enhanced. Half the rats fed the DIO diet ate
      17% fewer calories, gained weight equally to controls, but still had 34% more
      carcass lipid. Their IBAT was heavier, contained 103% more protein, with no
      detectable norepinephrine turnover, whereas maximal lipolysis was 73% lower and
      maximal VO2 was the same or even lower than controls. IBAT VO2 was stimulated by
      switching 8-mo chow-fed controls to the DIO diet for 7 days (which caused a 480%
      greater weight gain) but not by switching 8-mo obese rats to chow for 3 days.
      Therefore metabolic efficiency was increased while BAT VO2 and norepinephrine
      turnover were unchanged or reduced compared with controls by either chronic
      obesity or a high-fat diet.

PMID- 3890564
TI  - Fluctuations in basal plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide in monkeys and
      humans.
AB  - We reported that significant rapid oscillations occur in basal plasma levels of
      insulin, glucagon, and glucose in rhesus monkeys and humans. We searched for
      evidence for similar spontaneous fluctuations also in plasma levels of pancreatic
      polypeptide (PP). Mean +/- SE basal plasma levels of PP were 236 +/- 15 pg/ml in
      11 monkeys, 64 +/- 12 in nine normal-weight human subjects, and 74 +/- 10 in nine
      obese human subjects. 1) PP levels fluctuated with periods of 6-26 min. The
      fluctuations in PP were less regular than and did not temporally correlate with
      the fluctuations in plasma levels of insulin, glucagon, or glucose (usual periods
      8-12 min). 2) In human subjects the concentration but not the periodicity of PP
      was related to obesity. 3) Comparisons of simultaneously determined levels of PP
      in portal and central venous plasma of monkeys suggested that PP may be extracted
      to varying degrees by the liver, even under basal well-controlled conditions, and
      that neither the size of the PP portal-central gradient nor the period and
      amplitude of fluctuations was associated with PP concentration. We conclude that
      plasma PP levels fluctuate with such a large amplitude that these fluctuations
      must be considered in the interpretation of experimental results based on limited
      numbers of samples.

PMID- 3890565
TI  - Therapeutic perspectives on father-daughter incest.
AB  - In recent years it has become apparent that father-daughter incest is not an
      uncommon occurrence. Many social forces have conspired to maintain secrecy at
      both the family and societal levels. The authors examine the evolution of
      professional attitudes and understandings of incest, beginning with Freud's
      writings on the subject, and offer specific recommendations for clinicians
      working with incest victims and their families.

PMID- 3890566
TI  - Bipolar affective symptoms associated with use of captopril and abrupt withdrawal
      of pargyline and propranolol.
AB  - A woman with a family history but no personal history of depression developed
      bipolar symptoms associated with manipulations of her antihypertensive regimen.
      The author discusses hypotheses regarding the effects of these manipulations and
      the implications for treatment.

PMID- 3890567
TI  - The effects of denturism on denture prices.
AB  - In 1978, the country's first denturism initiative was passed in Oregon,
      legalizing the independent construction of dentures by non-dentists. The major
      campaign issue was the effect denturism would have on the cost of dentures. A
      review of Oregon dental insurance data shows that the costs of dentures, which
      had been rising at the same rate as other dental services, had a much lower rate
      of increase after passage of the denturism initiative.

PMID- 3890569
TI  - Seroepidemiology of Q fever among domestic animals in Nova Scotia.
AB  - We used the indirect microimmunofluorescence test to determine the presence of
      antibodies in sheep, cattle, goat, cat, and dog sera to phase I and II Coxiella
      burnetii antigens in Nova Scotia. Only 6.7 per cent of the 329 sheep tested had
      antibodies to phase II antigen and none had antibodies to phase I. Of 29 goats
      tested, 7 per cent and 3.5 per cent had antibodies to phase II and phase I
      antigens, respectively. In contrast, 23.8 per cent of the 214 cattle tested had
      antibodies to phase II antigen, and 24.2 per cent had antibodies to phase I
      antigen; 24.1 per cent of 216 cats tested had antibodies to phase II antigen and
      6 per cent had antibodies to phase I antigen. None of the 447 dogs tested had
      antibodies detected. We conclude that cattle and cats may be reservoirs for human
      Q fever in Nova Scotia.

PMID- 3890570
TI  - Medicare and President Reagan's second term.

PMID- 3890571
TI  - Induction and isolation of artemisinine-resistant mutants of Plasmodium
      falciparum.
AB  - Five artemisinine-resistant mutants of Plasmodium falciparum have been isolated
      from a cloned parent following mutagenic treatment with N-methyl-N'
      nitronitrosoguanidine. This observation may influence the strategy of the use of
      artemisinine or its derivatives. Mutant isolation should prove useful in the
      study of drug resistance to other antimalarials.

PMID- 3890568
TI  - Public health aspects of mental health: the last 75 years of the American Journal
      of Public Health.
AB  - The American Journal of Public Health has reflected the relationship of public
      health to the field of mental health over its 75-year history. The earliest
      volumes of the Journal addressed movements and concerns within public mental
      health. Quantitative analysis of mental health articles shows wide fluctuations
      over the last 75 years, probably due to variations in federal funding for mental
      health research. Topical emphases in the Journal have included social issues and
      improved mental health, the contributions of epidemiological studies, and
      technological advances in prevention and treatment.

PMID- 3890572
TI  - Clinical epidemiology as a research discipline in tropical medicine.

PMID- 3890573
TI  - Qinghaosu-induced changes in the morphology of Plasmodium inui.
AB  - The ultrastructural changes induced by the administration of the antimalarial
      drug, qinghaosu, were studied in monkeys (Macaca assamensis) infected with
      Plasmodium inui. Significant changes, notably mitochondrial swelling within the
      parasites but not within host cells, were first observed 2.5 hr after exposure to
      qinghaosu. This suggests that the target of qinghaosu may be the parasite's
      mitochondria, as occurs with primaquine. This is in contrast to the most widely
      used antimalarial drug, chloroquine.

PMID- 3890574
TI  - Evaluation of sporontocidal compounds using Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes
      produced in vitro.
AB  - A test system that uses infective gametocytes from in vitro cultures was
      developed for evaluating the sporontocidal activity of antimalarial compounds. In
      evaluating the system, pyrimethamine and cycloguanil (dihydrofolate reductase
      inhibitors) and primaquine (8-aminoquinoline) were tested against pyrimethamine
      sensitive and pyrimethamine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The drugs
      were administered to Anopheles either in a blood meal containing infective
      gametocytes or in a noninfective meal 2-4 days later. The mosquitoes were
      dissected 9-10 days after they received the infective blood meal, and the
      sporontocidal effect of the drugs was evaluated by the number of oocysts found in
      the gut. Both cycloguanil and pyrimethamine had marked sporontocidal activity.
      The susceptibility pattern of the strains to the sporontocidal effect of
      pyrimethamine and cycloguanil was similar to the susceptibility of their asexual
      blood stages in vitro to the schizontocidal effect of the compounds. The
      sporontocidal effect was observed only when the compounds were administered at
      the same time as the infective blood meal, but not when they were given 2-4 days
      later. No sporontocidal activity was observed with primaquine. This system
      permits more reliable quantitative observations than have been possible with
      previous methods.

PMID- 3890575
TI  - A clinical trial of mefloquine in the treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria.
AB  - A clinical field trial was conducted to determine if mefloquine is effective in
      the treatment of malaria due to Plasmodium vivax. Forty patients with P. vivax
      malaria were treated with either mefloquine, chloroquine or chloroquine plus
      primaquine and followed for 28 days. All patients responded rapidly and were
      cured. There were no significant side effects.

PMID- 3890576
TI  - Diethylcarbamazine-mediated clearance of Brugia pahangi microfilariae in
      immunodeficient nude mice.
AB  - Congenitally athymic nude C3H/HeN mice, microfilaremic with Brugia pahangi, were
      treated with diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC). A single oral dose (100 mg/Kg body
      weight) of DEC resulted in the rapid reduction of numbers of circulating
      microfilariae in nude, thymus-grafted nude and complement-depleted nude mice.
      Antibodies of the IgM and IgG isotypes were not detected in the serum of
      microfilaremic nudes or on the microfilarial surface. These results suggest that
      DEC-mediated clearance of microfilariae from the circulation of nude mice is
      probably independent of thymus-dependent immunological mechanisms.

PMID- 3890577
TI  - Serodiagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni with microsomal adult worm antigen in an
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a standard curve developed with a
      reference serum pool.
AB  - A standardized microtest plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed
      using the microsomal fraction of adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni (MAMA) as
      antigen. The standard reference serum pool was prepared from acutely and
      chronically infected rhesus monkeys and was shown to be appropriate as a standard
      for measuring the levels of reactivity of the unknowns. The standard serum pool
      was arbitrarily designated as having 100 activity units per microliter. The
      levels of reactivity of the unknowns were expressed as activity units per
      microliter. Serum specimens were obtained from 190 patients infected with S.
      mansoni in the Caribbean, South America, and Africa. Serum was obtained from
      small numbers of patients infected with S. haematobium, S. japonicum, or S.
      mekongi. Controls were 136 patients with other helminthic infections, 142
      patients with protozoal or other diseases with liver involvement, and 81 healthy
      serum donors. The J index (or predictability) of the assay was calculated to
      determine the significant level of reactivity. The assay has a predictability of
      95% for both patients with S. mansoni infections and those with other infections.
      The sensitivity of the assay for S. mansoni infections was 96%, and the
      specificity (in terms of cross-reactions with infections with other parasite
      genera or with other liver diseases) was 99%. The heterologous Schistosoma
      species showed a markedly lower level of reactivity, with an overall sensitivity
      of 55%. This is in accord with the species-specificity previously recognized in
      MAMA, and emphasizes the need for standard reference pools of human sera prepared
      from patients infected with single species of each of the Schistosoma. Use of
      these pools in assays with antigens of the respective schistosome species would
      allow optimum serologic evaluation.

PMID- 3890578
TI  - A comparative study of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Shigella, Aeromonas, and
      Vibrio as etiologies of diarrhea in northeastern Thailand.
AB  - The incidence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Shigella, Aeromonas,
      and Vibrio was determined in patients with diarrhea seen at a hospital in
      northeastern Thailand, and compared with the incidence of these bacteria in
      household contacts and their neighbors. ETEC was identified in 17%, Shigella in
      9%, Aeromonas in 9%, V. parahaemolyticus in 5%, and non-01 V. cholerae in 2% of
      299 patients with diarrhea. These five species of bacteria were isolated more
      often from patients with diarrhea than persons without diarrhea (P less than
      0.001). ETEC was found more often in household contacts (22/141) and neighbors
      (18/147) of index cases than in persons living in homes not associated with ETEC
      infections (32/1,318; P less than 0.001). While Shigella was isolated less often
      in family contacts (3/76) and neighbors (4/93) of patients with shigellosis, this
      enteric pathogen was also isolated more often from contacts than persons not
      associated with Shigella infection (13/1,437; P less than 0.001). Both Aeromonas
      and non-01 V. cholerae can also be enteric pathogens; further efforts should be
      made to define the enteropathogenicity of these bacteria.

PMID- 3890579
TI  - Gandhi: his adolescent conflict of mind and body.

PMID- 3890580
TI  - Putting it all together: a multidimensional assessment of psychotic potential in
      adolescence.

PMID- 3890582
TI  - Advances in computed tomography and ultrasonography.

PMID- 3890583
TI  - Radiologic technique update. Diagnosis and treatment impact.

PMID- 3890581
TI  - Prevention of adolescent suicide among some Native American tribes.

PMID- 3890584
TI  - Deteriorating neurologic function in a 28-year-old renal transplant recipient.

PMID- 3890585
TI  - Senator Lister Hill.

PMID- 3890586
TI  - Developmental changes of neuron-specific enolase in human brain: an
      immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Developmental changes of neurons containing neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in
      human brain were studied in various areas of the central nervous system by
      immunohistochemistry with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. In the
      brain stem, Purkinje cells, dentate nucleus, globus pallidus and thalamus, the
      number of NSE-positive neurons increased from an early period in gestation.
      However, in the pontine nucleus and putamen, it gradually increased along with
      decreasing cellularity later in gestation and in the infantile period. In the
      cerebral cortex, NSE-positive neurons developed as late as in the putamen and
      their cellularity increased earlier in the 5th layer than in the 3rd layer.
      Developmental changes of NSE-positive neurons parallel phylogenesis. The
      appearance of NSE-positive neurons can be a marker of neuronal maturation.

PMID- 3890587
TI  - Alcohol withdrawal syndromes: clinical management with lofexidine.
AB  - Sixty-three mainly male alcoholics were randomly assigned to placebo or
      lofexidine treatment for 48 hr shortly after admission to the hospital. Their
      starting points were similar regarding their semiquantitative estimates of
      alcohol withdrawal symptoms (AWS). Their demographics, histories of past alcohol
      use, physical findings, and laboratory abnormalities usually associated with
      alcoholism were similar. Starting 3 hr after 0.4 mg of oral lofexidine, which was
      given every 6 hr as eight doses, the AWS scores were significantly lower than
      those of the placebo group. Hypotension was the strongest finding. Six placebo
      recipients had to be prematurely interrupted due to increasing or intolerable
      alcohol withdrawal symptoms and switched to a benzodiazepine. Only one lofexidine
      recipient was prematurely interrupted, due to transient hallucinations. The study
      has a large placebo effect, as both groups of patients rated the treatment
      process very highly. Lofexidine, an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, was superior to
      placebo in alcohol withdrawal. This drug, as with its analogue clonidine, may
      represent a new and important pharmacological treatment for alcohol withdrawal
      symptoms.

PMID- 3890588
TI  - Long lasting changes in gerbil brain after chronic ethanol exposure: a
      quantitative study of the glial cell marker S-100 and DNA.
AB  - Glial S-100 protein, soluble protein, and DNA were quantitatively studied in
      brains of gerbils chronically exposed to ethanol in a nutritionally complete
      fluid diet. Eight different brain areas were studied. After exposure to ethanol
      for 3 months followed by a 4-month post-treatment ethanol-free period, increased
      amounts of S-100 protein per wet weight were found in the frontal cerebral
      cortex, the sensory-motor cerebral cortex, the posterior cerebellar vermis, and
      the brainstem. The increase of S-100 in the posterior cerebellar vermis was
      paralleled by an increase in DNA per wet weight, which was also increased in the
      anterior cerebellar vermis. However, a decreased content of DNA was observed in
      the frontal cerebral cortex, despite the increase of S-100 protein, suggesting a
      cell loss affecting cells other than astroglial in this area. In the cerebellar
      vermis, elevated concentrations of soluble proteins per wet weight were found,
      whereas a decreased amount was found in the anterior cerebellar hemispheres. It
      is suggested that the S-100 protein acts as a marker for astroglial cell volume
      and that a concomitant increase of S-100 protein and DNA might indicate an
      increase in the number of astroglial cells. Thus, our results obtained after
      ethanol exposure and subsequent ethanol abstinence are compatible with changes
      consisting of astroglial hypertrophy in the cortex areas and brainstem, as well
      as astroglial hypertrophy and/or proliferation in the posterior cerebellar
      vermis, a clear sign of the preceding noxae.

PMID- 3890589
TI  - Lack of recovery in male alcoholics' neuropsychological performance one year
      after treatment.
AB  - Thirty-seven middle-aged alcoholics and 20 nonalcoholic controls equated for age
      and education were examined on measures of verbal, learning/memory,
      abstracting/problem-solving, and perceptual-motor abilities 7 weeks after
      beginning detoxification and 13 months later. At 7 weeks, the alcoholics were
      significantly different from the controls on the verbal, abstracting/problem
      solving, and perceptual-motor clusters and tended to differ on the
      learning/memory tests. At 13 months, the same pattern of differences was found
      except the groups no longer differed on the verbal tests. Alcoholics who resumed
      drinking during the 13 months differed from the controls to a greater extent than
      did abstainers on both the initial and final testings. These results have
      implications for treatment programs and recidivism.

PMID- 3890590
TI  - The disulfiram-alcohol reaction: factors determining and potential tests
      predicting severity.
AB  - 13 ambulatory alcoholics (3 women, 10 men) who consented to alcohol-aversive
      treatment with disulfiram were subjected to detailed investigations before,
      during, and after the disulfiram-alcohol reaction (DAR). The studies included
      quantitative estimation of liver function (aminopyrine breath test, ABT;
      galactose elimination capacity, GEC) prior to the DAR, measurement of alcohol and
      acetaldehyde plasma levels together with pulse rate and blood pressure during the
      DAR, and the effects of disulfiram on erythrocyte acetaldehyde-oxidizing capacity
      (AOC). As expected, the severity of the DAR showed considerable interindividual
      variation. However, the maximal fall in diastolic blood pressure was closely (r =
      0.83; p less than 0.001; n = 13) related to peak acetaldehyde plasma level
      (AAPL). The decrease in systolic blood pressure was age dependent, individuals
      greater than 40 years exhibiting a larger drop for a given AAPL. The dependence
      of acetaldehyde formation on liver function was suggested by a significant
      correlation (r = 0.88; p less than 0.01; n = 8) between ABT and AAPL; this
      relationship was influenced by the prior intake of enzyme-inducing drugs.
      Measurements of AOC indicated that a disulfiram-induced maximal suppression is
      achieved already after 6 days of treatment reaching levels of 0.7 +/- 0.6
      nmol/ml/min (SD) (compared to pretreatment values of 4.1 +/- 0.9). Mean values in
      untreated alcoholics and in subjects with alcoholic or nonalcoholic liver disease
      were not significantly different from controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3890591
TI  - Hypertension associated with alcohol withdrawal: assessment of mechanisms and
      complications.
AB  - Two hundred and fifty-six consecutive alcoholics admitted for detoxification, but
      not having delirium tremens, were evaluated for hypertension. Thirty-three per
      cent (84) of the alcoholics had a blood pressure greater than or equal to 160/95
      mm Hg on or within 72 hr of admission. In 71% (60 of 84) of alcoholics with
      hypertension, pressure elevation was transitory, whereas 29% (24 of 84) required
      therapy. After 4 to 5 days of abstinence, alcoholics with transitory
      hypertension, whose blood pressure was no longer elevated, had a larger increment
      of pressure (p less than 0.001) with a cold pressor test than did normotensive
      alcoholics. Hypertensive alcoholics were older and tended to use greater amounts
      of alcohol, but their liver enzymes, alcohol levels on admission, and serum
      magnesium concentrations did not distinguish them from normotensive alcoholics.
      Basal plasma renin activity and epinephrine were elevated in both hypertensive
      and normotensive alcoholics, whereas plasma norepinephrine was normal. Although
      plasma renin activity (4.08 +/- 0.9 vs. 2.88 +/- 0.4 ng/ml/hr) and epinephrine
      (138 +/- 17 vs. 108 +/- 28 pg/ml) were higher in alcoholics with hypertension
      than in normotensive alcoholics, differences were not significant. However,
      elevated plasma epinephrine was found in 86% of alcoholics with hypertension,
      whereas only 44% of normotensive subjects had elevations (chi 2 = 5.49; p =
      0.01). Although alcoholics with hypertension demonstrated an exaggerated
      catecholamine response with the cold pressor test, these changes per se did not
      explain the elevations in blood pressure. Thus, a transitory, reactive form of
      hypertension associated with increased catecholamines and vascular
      hyperresponsiveness is present in alcoholics.

PMID- 3890592
TI  - Alcoholism and affective disorder.
AB  - From January to November 1980, 421 consecutive new patient admissions to a large
      alcohol treatment facility were interviewed and diagnosed using the Affective
      Disorder Section of the Research Diagnostic Criteria. The patient population was
      divided into two groups based on the presence of an affective disorder diagnosis.
      The groups identified at the highest risk for concurrent affective disorder among
      alcoholic inpatients were females ages 20 through 30 and not presently married
      individuals. Implications of these findings are further discussed.

PMID- 3890593
TI  - Sensitivity of individual erythrocyte membrane phospholipids to changes in fatty
      acid composition in chronic alcoholic patients.
AB  - The erythrocyte membrane levels of total phospholipids and cholesterol and the
      fatty acid composition of individual groups of phospholipids
      (phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine plus phosphatidylinositol, and
      phosphatidylcholine) were studied in 10 patients admitted for ethanol
      detoxification and in 14 control subjects. The fatty acid composition of the
      patient phospholipids was modified but the level of cholesterol and the level of
      phospholipids remained unchanged. The fatty acid changes were mainly confined to
      phosphatidylcholine. The modifications concerned the levels of the octadecenoic
      acids (18:1) which rose (p less than 0.01), and linoleic acid (18:2) which fell
      (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that chronic ethanol ingestion may
      perturb the cell membrane organization with, in consequence, possible effects on
      cell morphology and functions.

PMID- 3890594
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ethanol in the ferret.
AB  - Select doses of ethanol (25%, W/V) were administered to female ferrets (Mustela
      putorius) by gastric intubation to determine dosage corresponding to peak blood
      alcohol levels (BAL) greater than 100 mg/100 ml of blood (mg%) for an extended
      duration. Low doses (6 ml/kg) resulted in peak BAL of 202 mg% in 1.5 hr and 50
      mg% after 12 hr. Intermediate doses (8 ml/kg) resulted in peak BAL of 253 mg% in
      1.4 hr and 89 mg% after 12 hr. High doses (12 ml/kg) did not increase peak BAL
      proportionately, resulted in BAL of 128 mg% after 12 hr, and increased the volume
      of distribution significantly. A computer-based estimate of kinetic parameters
      led to the conclusion that metabolism in this range of BAL was not a first order
      process. Moreover, a decreasing enzyme velocity with increasing substrate
      concentration precluded calculation of Michaelis-Menten parameters and suggested
      possible substrate inhibition effects.

PMID- 3890595
TI  - Ethanol's behavioral effects may be partly due to increases in brain
      prostaglandin production.
AB  - Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors antagonize behavioral responses to ethanol.
      The dose of inhibitor (e.g., indomethacin or aspirin) required to block ethanol's
      effects is directly proportional to the ethanol sensitivity of the organism.
      Animals selectively bred for differential response to ethanol provide a useful
      tool in exploring the biochemical substrates of ethanol-related behavior. This
      study shows that ethanol increases brain prostaglandin levels in a dose-, sex-,
      and genotype-dependent manner consistent with the hypothesis that part of
      ethanol's mechanism of action is to increase the production of prostaglandins.

PMID- 3890596
TI  - Cerebral dysfunction in alcoholism related to mortality and long term social
      adjustment.
AB  - All 1312 first-admitted alcoholics at the Department of Psychiatry, University
      Hospital, Lund (120 women) during 1949-1969 were followed until December 31,
      1980. There were 537 deaths. All patients had been rated at discharge with a
      multidimensional rating scale including signs of cerebral dysfunction. Thirty
      three per cent of the total patient group had signs of cerebral dysfunction,
      increasing with age up to 64% in those over 50 years. Men younger than 50 years
      with brain dysfunction had a higher mortality caused by alcohol-related physical
      disorders in relationship to violent deaths compared with the others. The main
      finding in those over the age of 50 was the increased number of deaths caused by
      circulatory disorder in the brain dysfunction group. The social prognosis was
      similar in all groups. It is suggested that a continuous and heavy drinking
      pattern in the young dysfunctional group and an accelerated aging in the old
      dysfunctional group could explain the differences found.

PMID- 3890598
TI  - Annual meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism. May 29-June 1, 1985, Isle
      of Palms, South Carolina. Abstracts.

PMID- 3890597
TI  - Psychological correlates of drinking behavior in social drinker college students.
AB  - Psychological adjustment, cognitive functioning, and drinking behaviors have been
      shown to discriminate between alcoholic and control populations. Few data exist
      on the discriminatory power of such measures among social drinkers differing on
      alcohol intake level. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship
      between alcohol consumption and psychological/cognitive functioning in a group of
      social drinker college students made up of equal numbers of males and females,
      matched on age and education, and varying on amount of alcohol consumed per
      drinking episode. Results indicate no relationship between alcohol consumption
      and cognitive functioning in this group of social drinkers. Drinking and
      psychological profiles of heavy social drinkers were very similar to those of
      diagnosed alcoholics and very dissimilar to light social drinkers. Such a finding
      suggests that these types of profiles may have predictive value for identifying
      at-risk social drinkers in the general population.

PMID- 3890599
TI  - ELISA in diagnosis of respiratory allergy. A comparison with RAST and skin tests.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), employing beta-galactosidase
      conjugated anti-IgE, was used for the determination of specific IgE antibodies to
      common inhalant allergens (Dermatophagoides pt. and f., Parietaria and four grass
      pollens) in serum samples from 82 adult patients with asthma and/or rhinitis. A
      total of 194 analysis were carried out and the results were compared with those
      of skin tests and RAST. The correlation coefficient (r) between ELISA and RAST
      results was high (r = 0.95); the correlation between skin tests and ELISA (r =
      0.93) was greater than that between skin tests and RAST (r = 0.90). No
      significant differences were found among the allergens used. We conclude that the
      version of ELISA used develops an overall good correlation with skin tests and
      RAST and seems to provide a satisfactory alternative to RAST for allergy
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3890600
TI  - Treatment of acute bronchoconstriction in children with use of a tube spacer
      aerosol and a dry powder inhaler.
AB  - In a double blind cross-over study 24 children suffering from acute
      bronchoconstriction were treated with either placebo, or terbutaline delivered by
      a pressurized aerosol with a tube spacer (TS), or salbutamol from a dry powder
      inhaler (Rotahaler = RO). Both active treatments resulted in a significant
      increase in FEV1 as compared with placebo (P less than 0.001). Furthermore, TS
      treatment resulted in significantly greater improvement in FEV1 than treatment
      with the RO (P less than 0.05). Under the conditions of marked airways
      obstruction problems with correct handling of the RO (loading and breaking the
      capsule) were prevalent and many children were unable to empty the RO capsule.
      These difficulties seemed to account for the smaller bronchodilation after RO
      treatment and were not seen under quiet circumstances. It is recommended that
      inhalation therapy in children is supervised by an adult during periods of marked
      airways disease.

PMID- 3890601
TI  - Fenoterol inhalation powder and aerosol in the treatment of asthma.
AB  - Twenty patients with asthma were studied. They were given either fenoterol powder
      or fenoterol MDI for 2-week periods using a double-blind cross-over design.
      Identical doses of fenoterol (0.2-0.4 mg 2-4 times daily) were given to an
      individual patient throughout the 4-week study period. Both forms of treatment
      produced an almost identical bronchodilation, and there were no statistically
      significant differences in symptoms or side effects. It is concluded that
      fenoterol powder and fenoterol aerosol are equally effective.

PMID- 3890602
TI  - The present status of blood filtration.
AB  - The history of the development of blood transfusion and blood filtration is
      outlined. Clinical and experimental evidence for the efficacy of microfiltration
      in both small and large volume transfusions is evaluated. Though microfilters do
      remove the micro-aggregates from stored blood, the results of clinical studies
      suggest that both the debris from septic processes in the body and the formation
      of micro-aggregates in the blood stream triggered by processes such as complement
      activation play a far more important role in the pathogenesis of adult
      respiratory distress syndrome. If this is so the enhancement of the reticulo
      endothelial system by fibronectin therapy may be indicated. It also follows that
      the use of microfilters is probably an unnecessary expense and, where
      exsanguination is a risk, may be positively dangerous. Microfilters have been
      found useful in the preparation of granulocyte-free transfusions after
      centrifugation of the blood, but their routine use for transfusions, small or
      large, remains to be justified.

PMID- 3890603
TI  - Three cases of difficult intubation overcome by the laryngeal mask airway.
AB  - Three cases of difficult intubation are described in which the problem was
      overcome by use of the laryngeal mask airway. It is stressed that the
      anaesthetist should become thoroughly familiar with the technique before
      attempting to use it in difficult cases.

PMID- 3890604
TI  - Buprenorphine versus morphine. A comparison of intra-operative and postoperative
      analgesia.
AB  - A randomised double-blind trial comparing morphine and buprenorphine and
      postoperative analgesia combined with droperidol was conducted in 60 patients.
      Compared with morphine, taken as the standard analgesic, buprenorphine was shown
      to be a satisfactory analgesic for major surgery, with no difference in the
      incidence of unwanted effects.

PMID- 3890605
TI  - Comparison of anti-emetics.

PMID- 3890606
TI  - Early textbooks on anesthesia.

PMID- 3890607
TI  - [Artificial respiration and kidney function disorder--a vicious circle?].
AB  - Acute lung disease is commonly associated with interstitial pulmonary edema and a
      tendency towards partial or total alveolar collapse. To counteract this tendency
      mechanical ventilation is successfully used in most cases. Mechanical
      ventilation, however, leads to a harmful retention of water and salt, which may
      worsen interstitial pulmonary edema and further impair gas exchange. This problem
      seems to be less known. A survey of the effects of currently used modes of
      mechanical ventilation on excretory function and hemodynamics of the kidneys is
      given together with a short review of the possible afferent and efferent
      mechanisms which mediate the renal response to mechanical ventilation. Some
      clinical suggestions are made to break through the vicious cycle between
      mechanical ventilation and kidney function.

PMID- 3890608
TI  - [Cardiac pacemaker in the perioperative phase].
AB  - The anaesthesiologist is faced with a growing number of patients in need of
      cardiac pacing with systems of increasing complexity. This includes patients seen
      for de novo pacemaker implantation, patients with permanent pacemakers in place
      or patients requiring temporary pacing as an emergency or after cardiac surgery.
      This review article is intended to provide the anaesthesiologist with the
      information necessary to evaluate and treat such patients. Emphasis is laid on
      haemodynamic problems and possible pacemaker failure due to electromagnetic
      interference.

PMID- 3890609
TI  - A convenient protein substrate for the determination of protease specificity:
      reduced and S-3-(trimethylated amino)propylated lysozyme.
AB  - Reduced lysozyme was alkylated with 3-bromopropyltrimethylammonium bromide to
      give reduced and S-3-(trimethylated amino)propylated lysozyme. It was soluble in
      a wide range of pH and is suitable as the protein substrate to determine protease
      specificity.

PMID- 3890610
TI  - Pesticides.

PMID- 3890611
TI  - Clinical chemistry.

PMID- 3890612
TI  - Forensic science.

PMID- 3890613
TI  - Industrial hygiene.

PMID- 3890614
TI  - Food.

PMID- 3890615
TI  - Pharmaceuticals and related drugs.

PMID- 3890617
TI  - Ten-Year Cumulative Index 1975-1984.

PMID- 3890616
TI  - Andrology. Origin and development of a special discipline in medicine. Reflection
      and view in the future.
AB  - A general survey comments on the problems of andrology as a special medica
      discipline. A retrospective and an outlook concerning the different future
      possibilities of andrology is given. Special emphasis is placed on: examination
      of the ejaculate, morphology of the testicles, andrological training and further
      education; in the discussion of the future prospects special consideration is
      given to the responsibility of andrologists--also with respect to in-vitro
      fertilization--and the significance of andrology for the inhabitants of the Third
      World.

PMID- 3890618
TI  - Croup and epiglottitis in children: the anesthesiologist as diagnostician.

PMID- 3890619
TI  - Renal function during application of positive end-expiratory pressure in swine:
      effects of hydration.
AB  - The possibility that the deleterious renal effects of positive end-expiratory
      pressure (PEEP) might be avoided by prevention of its attendant cardiovascular
      effects with increasing intravascular volume was investigated in two groups of
      anesthetized swine. Group 1 (12 swine) were maintained at a normovolemic state
      and Group 2 (11 swine) were volume expanded with an infusion of lactated Ringer's
      solution. In normovolemic swine (Group 1), the addition of PEEP to controlled
      mechanical ventilation (CMV) caused significant decreases in cardiac output and
      mean aortic pressure. In addition, decreases in urinary output and osmolar, free
      water, and creatinine clearance occurred. Change from CMV to CMV + PEEP in Group
      1 also produced increases in plasma ADH from 4.6 +/- 2.4 to 10.2 +/- 7 pg/ml (P
      less than 0.01) and renin from 1.8 +/- 1.0 to 4.7 +/- 1.6 ng X ml-1 X h-1 (P less
      than 0.01), epinephrine from 133 +/- 23 to 1,060 +/- 636 pg/ml (P less than 0.03)
      and norepinephrine from 46 +/- 15 to 1,427 +/- 839 pg/ml (P less than 0.03). In
      hydrated swine (Group 2) addition of PEEP to CMV was not accompanied by any
      significant change in hemodynamic, renal, or hormonal variables. It is concluded
      that the short-term renal effects of PEEP are mainly due to hormonal responses
      that are activated by decrease in perfusion pressure. These responses can be
      obviated by intravascular volume expansion.

PMID- 3890620
TI  - PEEP and the Mapleson D circuit.

PMID- 3890621
TI  - [Effect of artificial pulmonary ventilation with end-expiratory positive pressure
      on the right and left sides of the heart in patients following the radical
      correction of tetralogy of Fallot].

PMID- 3890622
TI  - [Preservation of a donor heart under hypothermia by using apparatus perfusion].

PMID- 3890623
TI  - [Clinical trial of artificial circulation under hyperbaric oxygenation].

PMID- 3890624
TI  - [Ultrasonography and impedance plethysmography versus phlebography in the
      diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis].

PMID- 3890625
TI  - [Semen evaluation: technic of study].
AB  - Sampling precautions are particularly important in the study of sperm: the length
      of sexual abstinence, complete collection of the ejaculate, sampling by
      masturbation in the laboratory. The examination of sperm consists of different
      steps: measurement of the ejaculate volume, evaluation of the mobility, speed,
      and propulsion direction of the spermatozoa, study of spermatozoon concentration,
      estimation of the percentage of live spermatozoa, morphological examination of
      the spermatozoa, including an enumeration of the abnormal forms, evaluation of
      spermatozoon survival in vitro for 24 h by monitoring the percentage of mobility
      every 2 h. This examination can be complemented by biochemical and enzymatic
      assays of: fructose, zinc, carnitine, citric acid, acid phosphatase, alpha
      glucosidase, which serve as tracers of associated secretions.

PMID- 3890626
TI  - Complement and clinical intervention.
AB  - The nine major components of the complement protein system are normally activated
      in sequence by antigen-antibody complexes, initiating the inflammatory response.
      The clinical manifestations arise mainly from the release of histamine, mediated
      by anaphylatoxin action on mast cells. In rampant infection, this classical
      pathway is enhanced by further activation of complement C3 through a specific
      enzyme loop, the alternative pathway. Unfortunately the complexity of the
      complement system makes it vulnerable to external interference, particularly to
      man's intervention both through the administration of intravenous "drugs" and by
      certain surgical procedures. This results in gross systemic activation of
      complement, particularly C3 giving rise to anaphylactoid shock. More recently,
      direct activation of complement C5 has been reported, particularly as a result of
      polytrauma. This has consequences on polymorphonuclear leucocyte behaviour and is
      likely to be involved in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Similarly,
      excessive activation of C3 may stimulate disseminated intravascular coagulation
      (DIC) rather than immediate anaphylactoid response. The clinical outcome of
      complement activation appears to depend upon the rate of activation and its
      extent, as well as upon the particular component involved. In immediate
      reactions, complement may be involved in both immune and non-immune activations.
      Bias to certain pathways is revealed by certain drugs or procedures, and
      practical methods of evaluating reaction mechanisms are discussed. Despite the
      high incidence of complement involvement in immediate reactions, there are no
      useful screening pointers to the patient "at risk". Delayed effects have received
      little attention. Although C3 conversion is certainly associated with DIC, its
      predictive value in a clinical trial was not very great.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3890627
TI  - Separation of physiological factors influencing glucose-insulin kinetics in
      diabetic patients.
AB  - A new quantitative method was developed for separation of physiological factors
      influencing glucose intolerance in diabetes mellitus using a three-compartmental
      model and the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) in humans. The present
      model includes the physiologic factors of the hepatic glucose balance function,
      the peripheral tissue's glucose utilization rate, and the insulin secretion rate.
      The insulin sensitivity parameter and hepatic glucose sensitivity parameter were
      estimated in optimal fitting of the model-based data of glucose and insulin
      concentrations to the measured IVGTT data in 9 normal and 11 diabetic subjects.
      The results show that these sensitivity parameters are important for separation
      of the effects of the interactive physiologic factors, and, also useful in
      evaluating different glucose-insulin kinetics in 3 clinical groups of normal and
      diabetic subjects.

PMID- 3890628
TI  - Preliminary study of ethylene oxide sterilization of full-thickness cortical
      allografts used in segmental femoral fracture repair.
AB  - Full-thickness canine cortical allografts were cleanly harvested, sterilized with
      ethylene oxide, and stored at room temperature. The allografts were incorporated
      into canine segmental femoral fracture repairs and compared clinically,
      radiographically, and morphologically with control femoral cortical autografts
      for function of the limb, graft acceptance, and bone union. Sterility was
      maintained and the cortical allografts were well accepted by the host animals,
      resulting in full use of the limb which was subjected to surgical operation. The
      allografts showed healing patterns similar to those of the autografts, as
      determined by radiographic, gross, and histologic evaluation of the proximal and
      distal host-graft interfaces. Evaluations were made monthly. The host-graft
      interfaces of the allografts and autograft were filled with woven bone with
      adjacent vascular invasion and remodeling of the graft at the final 4th-month
      evaluation.

PMID- 3890629
TI  - Development of an indirect fluorescent antibody test, using microfluorometry as a
      diagnostic test for bovine anaplasmosis.
AB  - The indirect fluorescent antibody test for the diagnosis of Anaplasma marginale
      infection in cattle was modified for use with microfluorometry. The test was
      standardized by use of a fluorometer that measures intensity of fluorescence.
      Standardization included A marginale-infected blood smears on microscope slides
      as antigen, serum from an inoculated calf as a positive control containing
      specific antibody, and an affinity-purified fluorescein-conjugated anti-bovine
      immunoglobulin as 2nd antibody. The modified test and microfluorometry allowed
      for titration of sera from A marginale (Florida isolate)-inoculated cattle with a
      degree of accuracy exceeding visual determinations. In addition, the fluorometric
      test was more sensitive than the complement fixation or card agglutination tests
      in identifying cattle that had previous Anaplasma infections.

PMID- 3890630
TI  - Effect of in vitro inoculation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus on bovine
      pulmonary alveolar macrophage function.
AB  - Viruses may predispose the respiratory tract to the development of secondary
      bacterial pneumonia by impairing functions of alveolar macrophages. The effects
      of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) on selected functions of bovine
      pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) were examined in vitro. Alveolar macrophages
      were obtained from nonsedated cattle, using a polypropylene tube passed
      intranasally into the lung. The PAM lavaged from the lung were allowed to adhere
      to glass coverslips or plastic tissue culture plates, and were exposed to BRSV
      for 2 hours. Control and BRSV-inoculated PAM were compared at intervals over a 72
      hour period for their abilities to phagocytize and kill Staphylococcus
      epidermidis, rosette with and phagocytize antibody-coated sheep RBC (SRBC),
      phagocytize latex particles, and influence lysosomal enzyme activity. Challenge
      exposure with BRSV did not affect the ability of PAM to adhere and did not affect
      cell viability. There were numerical differences between control and BRSV
      inoculated cell populations in phagocytosis and killing of S epidermidis, but
      these were not significant (P greater than 0.05). There was less than 5%
      difference in the abilities of control and BRSV-challenged PAM to phagocytize
      latex beads. When Fc-receptor-mediated phagocytosis of antibody-coated SRBC was
      compared with controls, BRSV-challenged PAM had significantly (P less than 0.05)
      impaired phagocytic function, which was maximal 72 hours after BRSV inoculation;
      the phagocytic impairment occurred in spite of normal Fc-receptor function, as
      determined by rosetting with antibody-coated SRBC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3890631
TI  - Effect of endotoxin administration on body fluid compartments in the horse.
AB  - Plasma volume, extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), and total body water (TBW) were
      measured before and after endotoxin (Escherichia coli) administration in 6
      conscious adult horses. Evan's blue dye, sodium thiocyanate, and antipyrine were
      the test substances used to estimate plasma volume, ECFV, and TBW, respectively.
      Pharmacokinetic analysis of plasma concentration vs time was used to determine
      changes in body fluid compartments. The pathophysiologic effects of endotoxin
      were monitored by clinical evaluation, blood chemical changes, and blood gas
      determinations. All horses became dyspneic within 15 minutes of endotoxin
      administration and clinical signs of colic were evident 30 to 45 minutes after
      endotoxin administration. After endotoxin administration, serum glucose and
      creatinine concentrations were significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated, and all
      horses became hypoxic and developed marked metabolic acidosis, and plasma volume
      decreased approximately 15% (P less than 0.05). A significant change in ECFV or
      TBW during the 300-minute experimental period was not observed.

PMID- 3890632
TI  - Microtubular mass defect of spermatozoa in the stallion.
AB  - A microtubular mass (MM) defect was found in the spermatozoa of 7 Standardbred
      stallions; 3 stallions were sons of the same sire. Two of these 3 stallions and 2
      other stallions (for a total of 4 out of the 7 stallions) were considered
      subfertile when the defect was first observed. Fertility improved with time,
      either during the first breeding season or when a given stallion was used less
      frequently; however, the MM defect persisted, consisting of tortuous arrays of
      small abnormal microtubules visible only by transmission electron microscopy. The
      MM probably contained the protein tubulin as indicated by immunofluorescence.
      Microtubules of the MM were different from normal microtubules in being highly
      coiled, rather than straight, without interconnecting bridges or arms and had a
      20% smaller cross-sectional diameter than did normal microtubules. Synthesis of
      the MM may occur near areas of the nuclear membranes normally associated with the
      manchette of the developing spermatid.

PMID- 3890633
TI  - Correlation of tissue infection and serologic findings in pigs fed Toxoplasma
      gondii oocysts.
AB  - Each of thirteen 6-week-old pigs was inoculated per os with 10,000 sporulated
      oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii. By postinoculation day (PID) 13, pigs were
      seropositive by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. Beginning on PID 13 and
      every 7 days thereafter through PID 97, 1 pig was killed and 6 tissues were
      examined for T gondii. Of the 13 pigs, 11 were infected, including the 1st pig
      killed on PID 13, although none of the pigs had gross lesions of toxoplasmosis.
      Tissues harboring T gondii most frequently were the heart and brain; organisms
      were detected less frequently in the longissimus muscles, diaphragm, and liver.
      Toxoplasma gondii was not detected in the bronchial lymph nodes. There was good
      correlation between antibody and presence of T gondii in these pigs. One
      additional pig, maintained as a noninfected control, remained seronegative and
      had no evidence of infection when killed on PID 97.

PMID- 3890634
TI  - An Alcaligenes faecalis isolate from turkeys: pathogenicity in selected avian and
      mammalian species.
AB  - An Alcaligenes faecalis isolate of known pathogenicity for turkeys was examined
      for adherence and cytotoxicity in tracheal organ cultures of turkeys, chickens,
      Japanese quail, guinea pigs, hamsters, and mice, and for colonization and
      pathogenicity in these 6 species. Adherence and colonization were detected by
      fluorescent antibody staining. Infected and noninfected tracheal rings were
      examined by phase-contrast microscopy for cytotoxicity (ciliostasis, blebing of
      the cell membrane, and sloughing of the ciliated epithelium). Alcaligenes
      faecalis adhered to the tracheal rings of all species examined. Cytotoxicity was
      apparent in the tracheal rings of turkeys, quail, and chickens. Cytotoxicity was
      not detected in tracheal rings from the mammalian species. Alcaligenes faecalis
      colonization of turbinates and tracheas of intact turkeys and quail was detected.
      Clinical signs of alcaligenes rhinotracheitis were observed and histopathologic
      characteristics of the disease were detected. Chickens, guinea pigs, hamsters,
      and mice were refractory to infection with this isolate of A faecalis.

PMID- 3890635
TI  - Learned stimulation in space and motion perception.

PMID- 3890636
TI  - The value of behavioral research on animals.

PMID- 3890637
TI  - Mechanisms for the association of gastroesophageal reflux and bronchospasm.
AB  - The mechanism for the association between gastroesophageal reflux and
      bronchospasm is probably multifactorial. Our data support the view that
      microaspiration into the trachea may be an important mechanism for bronchospasm
      induced by gastroesophageal reflux and needs to be distinguished from simple
      reflux into the esophagus. Intraesophageal acidification alone quantitatively
      produces a much smaller airway response than does intratracheal acidification. A
      challenge test should be developed to correlate airway response following
      intraesophageal acidification to airway hyperactivity. We believe that the
      relationship of the diaphragm to the antireflux barrier deserves further study.

PMID- 3890638
TI  - Utilization of a peroxidase antiperoxidase complex in an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay of elastin-derived peptides in human plasma.
AB  - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a major cause of morbidity and
      death in the smoking population, develops insidiously over many years, and
      significant impairment of lung function usually occurs before the disease is
      diagnosed. Because lung elastin degradation appears to be a prerequisite for the
      development of the disease, immunologic detection of elastin-derived peptides in
      the blood might be an effective approach to the early detection and monitoring of
      the disease. We here report an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for
      elastin peptides using a peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex as the reporter group.
      The assay is sensitive to 2 ng/ml elastin peptides. We show that for optimal,
      reproducible results the assay should be carried out at 16 degrees C rather than
      at room temperature and that determinations should be made on plasma containing
      protease inhibitors rather than on serum. The levels of elastin-derived peptides
      appeared to remain relatively constant when multiple samples were taken during a
      5- to 10-wk period from individual subjects. In addition, patients with COPD had
      elevated elastin peptide levels (127 +/- 47 ng/ml) compared with levels in normal
      nonsmokers (58 +/- 17 ng/ml), whereas normal smokers had values intermediate
      between the 2 groups (mean peptide levels of 76 +/- 42 ng/ml). A small group of
      normal smokers (20%) had elevated elastin peptide levels similar to those in the
      emphysema group and may represent that group of smokers who are at risk of
      developing obstructive lung disease.

PMID- 3890639
TI  - Prolongation of gastric emptying by aerosolized atropine.
AB  - Aerosolized atropine causes anticholinergic side effects. We evaluated
      gastroparesis, a previously unreported side effect of inhaled atropine, in a
      double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Six young asthmatics received
      atropine (0.05 mg/kg) or placebo at 4-h intervals for 3 dosages, on 2 separate
      days at least 1 wk apart. Subjective complaints, pulse, visual accommodation, and
      citric-acid-stimulated salivary flow were recorded 30 min after each dose on each
      study day. A radionuclide (99mTc) study of gastric emptying time was done 30 min
      after the final dose on each study day. Atropine prolonged mean gastric half
      emptying time (112 +/- 59 min) compared with placebo (65 +/- 34 min) (p less than
      0.05). However, gastric emptying after atropine was in the abnormal range in only
      2 patients. Stimulated salivary flow decreased after atropine (1.97 +/- 1.7 g
      saliva) compared with flow after placebo (4.1 +/- 1.2 g) (p less than 0.05). No
      changes in visual accommodation or pulse rate were seen. Dry mouth and decreased
      salivation correlated with delayed gastric emptying (r = 0.76, p less than 0.05).
      Anticholinergic side effects of aerosolized atropine include prolonged gastric
      emptying in some patients. Gastroparesis after inhaled atropine is suggested by
      the symptom of dry mouth.

PMID- 3890640
TI  - Controlled clinical trial of two 6-month regimens of chemotherapy in the
      treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Tanzania/British Medical Research Council
      Study.
AB  - Two 6-month daily regimens of chemotherapy for smear-positive pulmonary
      tuberculosis were compared in Tanzania. Both had the same initial 2-month
      intensive phase of streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide, and the
      continuation phase was either thiacetazone plus isoniazid or isoniazid alone. All
      patients were hospital inpatients for 6 months, solely to ensure that
      chemotherapy was fully supervised throughout. The patients were followed up to 24
      months after stopping chemotherapy. In patients with fully sensitive strains
      pretreatment, there were no failures during chemotherapy on either regimen; the
      bacteriologic relapse rates were 3% for the 105 patients receiving thiacetazone
      plus isoniazid in the continuation phase, and 11% for the 100 patients receiving
      isoniazid alone (p less than 0.05). Possible adverse reactions were reported in
      the initial phase in 5 (1.6%) of 319 patients who started treatment, and in 2 of
      306 who started the continuation phase, chemotherapy being modified in 5 of the 7
      patients.

PMID- 3890641
TI  - Flow resistance of exhalation valves and positive end-expiratory pressure devices
      used in mechanical ventilation.
AB  - We studied the flow-impeding characteristics of the exhalation valves and PEEP
      attachments commonly used in mechanical ventilation. To characterize these
      devices, the pressure difference across each mechanism was measured at a series
      of constant flows (5 to 160 L/min), and resistance-related energy dissipation was
      measured using mechanical models of passive and active exhalation. At ambient end
      expiratory pressure, an inflatable diaphragm (mushroom) design commonly used to
      valve exhalation presented resistance comparable to that of an endotracheal tube
      with an internal diameter of 5 mm. The valve's energy dissipation increased
      further as PEEP was applied. By comparison, the servo-actuated scissor valve we
      tested presented less resistance during the passive deflation experiment but
      impeded the early phase of active exhalation. Spring-loaded PEEP attachments were
      prohibitively resistive in comparison with alternative methods using an
      underwater tube, a water column, a weighted spirometer, or an inflatable
      diaphragm to raise end-expiratory pressure. We conclude that the exhalation
      valves and PEEP attachments currently available for clinical use present
      significant impedance to air flow. Such resistance within the exhalation pathway
      may be clinically important for patients supported by mechanical ventilation
      during the hyperpneic or weaning phases of their illness.

PMID- 3890642
TI  - Effect of corticosteroids on bronchial responsiveness to methacholine in
      asthmatic children.
AB  - To elucidate the effects of corticosteroids on nonspecific bronchial reactivity
      in asthmatic children, inhaled challenges with methacholine were conducted in 10
      atopic asthmatic subjects (9 to 15 yr of age) before and after consecutive week
      long trials of daily orally administered placebo and prednisone (60 mg/day).
      Pharmacologic bronchial sensitivity was evaluated as the log dose of methacholine
      producing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PD20-FEV1). The week-long trial of placebo had no
      effect on either baseline lung function or PD20-FEV1. On the other hand, after
      the 1-wk course of prednisone: (1) both baseline FEV1 and FEF25-75 systematically
      improved in the patients who initially had (i.e., before prednisone) lower
      values, and (2) PD20-FEV1 significantly increased (p less than 0.001) in all the
      subjects studied. The magnitude of increase in PD20-FEV1 after prednisone was
      significantly inversely related (i.e., inverse hyperbola) to the initial degree
      of airway obstruction (i.e., FEV1) obtained prior to prednisone treatment.
      Moreover, whereas 6 of 10 patients only minimally changed their baseline FEV1
      after prednisone, collectively for all the subjects, the percent increase in PD20
      FEV1 after prednisone was directly related (correlation coefficient, 0.70; p less
      than 0.05) to the corresponding percent increase in baseline FEV1 after
      prednisone. These findings demonstrate that after a week-long course of high-dose
      prednisone therapy: (1) a significant reduction occurs in bronchial sensitivity
      to inhaled methacholine in the asthmatic child, and (2) the degree of diminution
      in airway sensitivity to methacholine is inversely related to the patient's
      baseline status of airway obstruction.

PMID- 3890643
TI  - Aminophylline-induced suppression of pulmonary antibacterial defenses.
AB  - Respiratory infections are frequently observed in patients with chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease, indicating that host defenses are compromised.
      Antibacterial defenses of the lung against such infections include the alveolar
      macrophage and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) that migrate into the lung to
      provide auxiliary phagocytic defenses. To test the hypothesis that aminophylline
      acutely impairs pulmonary antibacterial defenses, mice were challenged by aerosol
      inhalation with Staphylococcus aureus or Proteus mirabilis and injected
      intraperitoneally with aminophylline (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg). Pulmonary
      bactericidal activity and total lavaged lung cell and differential counts were
      determined 4 h after bacterial challenge. The highest dose of aminophylline
      suppressed the killing of S. aureus so that 55 +/- 5% of the initial viable
      bacteria remained as compared with 22 +/- 4% in the control animals. In contrast,
      there was a dose-related suppression of pulmonary antibacterial defenses against
      gram-negative bacteria. With doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg, lung defenses were
      ablated, allowing the proliferation of P. mirabilis to 115 +/- 9% and 253 +/- 9%,
      respectively, the control value being 26 +/- 3%. The number of PMN obtained by
      lavage after aerosol challenge with P. mirabilis was also inhibited by
      aminophylline in a dose-dependent manner. From the lungs of untreated animals 5.0
      +/- 0.3 X 10(6) PMN were recovered as compared with 3.3 +/- 0.1 X 10(6), 2.5 +/-
      0.2 X 10(6), and 1.8 +/- 0.1 X 10(6), respectively, with increasing doses of
      aminophylline. The bactericidal activity of lavaged PMN from the lungs of
      aminophylline-treated rats challenged with the gram-negative bacterium in vivo
      was significantly depressed when compared with that in control animals.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3890644
TI  - A view from the center.

PMID- 3890645
TI  - Home oxygen therapy. A proposal.

PMID- 3890646
TI  - Occupational asthma caused by sewer flies.
AB  - Insect emanations occasionally cause allergic asthma, which not infrequently is
      due to occupational exposures. This second report of asthma caused by sewer
      flies, Psychoda alternata, concerns a sewage plant worker who previously had
      developed immediate-type hypersensitivity to wax moths. Evidence for sewer fly
      allergy was derived from direct prick and intracutaneous skin tests, Prausnitz
      Kustner testing, in vitro leukocyte histamine release, ELISA, and bronchial
      provocative challenge. The ELISA inhibition tests indicated little cross
      reactivity between sewer fly and wax moth extract or midge hemoglobin, but direct
      skin testing suggested possible hypersensitivity to other families of the order
      Diptera.

PMID- 3890647
TI  - [Spanish pediatric bibliography].

PMID- 3890648
TI  - [Hyperthyroidism in childhood].

PMID- 3890649
TI  - [Clinical value of anorectal manometry in childhood].
AB  - Anatomy and physiology of the anorectum has been studied with manometric
      techniques in a normal group (n = 34) and in patients with anorectal pathology (n
      = 477). Authors comment manometric anomalies found in anorectal atresias,
      Hirschsprung's disease, constipation, neurogenic disorders (spina bifida, sacral
      agenesia) and the value in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic measures that
      this technique demonstrates.

PMID- 3890650
TI  - [Pancreatic pseudocyst in childhood].
AB  - Pancreatic pseudocysts are rare in children, with different etiology and
      prognosis than adults. We report four cases of post-traumatic pancreatic
      pseudocysts with their follow-up by echography and CT scan. Spontaneous
      resolution has been observed in three patients while one case was operated on.
      The better prognosis of the pancreatic pseudocyst in childhood, confirmed by our
      clinical observations and literature, lead us to promote a more conservative
      management and follow-up than in adults.

PMID- 3890651
TI  - [Migraine in childhood].

PMID- 3890652
TI  - High resolution automated microscopy.

PMID- 3890653
TI  - Statistical histometry in the diagnostic assessment of tissue sections.
AB  - A statistical histometric model to distinguish adenoma of the colon from normal
      colon is described. The model, based on the number and location of glandular
      nuclei, with a dependency scheme based upon displacement, was tested and shown to
      be significant and capable of simulating the architecture of an adenoma.

PMID- 3890654
TI  - Expression of a melanoma-tumor-associated antigen as demonstrated by a monoclonal
      antibody (D6.1) in cytopathologic preparations of human tumor cells from
      effusions and needle aspirates.
AB  - Immunocytopathologic studies were performed on 79 fine needle aspiration biopsies
      (FNABs) and effusions from 13 melanomas and 57 other human neoplasms with the
      monoclonal antibody (MAb) D6.1 raised against a partially purified melanoma-tumor
      associated antigen (MTAA). The purposes of these studies were (1) to evaluate the
      ability of MAb 6.1 to react with melanoma cells in cytopathologic preparations
      and (2) to define the spectrum of reactivity of MAb D6.1 in cytopathologic
      preparations of non-melanomas. Cytocentrifuge preparations of the cytopathologic
      specimens were permitted to react with the primary antibody and were then stained
      by the avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase method. Thirteen of 13 FNABs of malignant
      melanomas exhibited staining reactivity with MAb D6.1. Among the nonmelanoma
      tumors tested, staining reactivity was observed in 30 of 57 specimens. Among
      specific neoplasms, staining was present in 5 of 11 adenocarcinomas of the
      breast, 2 of 7 ovarian adenocarcinomas and 5 of 6 metastatic adenocarcinomas from
      the colon. Among 17 lung cancers examined, staining was noted in 4 of 7
      adenocarcinomas, 3 of 4 large-cell undifferentiated carcinomas and 2 of 3 poorly
      differentiated squamous-cell carcinomas. Two small-cell undifferentiated
      carcinomas and one carcinoid failed to stain. Three of three adenocarcinomas of
      the pancreas showed staining. Among the remaining neoplasms examined, one
      specimen each of carcinoma of the prostate and the cervix and one carcinoma of
      undetermined primary exhibited staining. Two malignant lymphomas did not stain.
      Staining of mesothelial cells was observed in three of nine benign
      effusions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3890655
TI  - The use of diagnostic tests for screening and evaluating breast lesions. Health
      and Public Policy Committee, American College of Physicians.

PMID- 3890656
TI  - Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and diarrhea.

PMID- 3890657
TI  - Pyridoxine and amiodarone-induced photosensitivity.

PMID- 3890658
TI  - Cefamandole and cefoxitin.
AB  - Cefamandole and cefoxitin, introduced only 7 years ago, are now the most commonly
      prescribed parenteral antibiotics in the United States. These drugs are similar
      to the first-generation cephalosporins in toxicity, but their in-vitro spectrum
      of activity is greater. Their serum half-lives are longer than those of
      cephalothin and cephapirin but shorter than that of cefazolin. Although
      cefamandole has been recommended in empiric therapy for patients with community
      acquired pneumonia and as a prophylactic agent for patients having various
      surgical procedures, other regimens are less expensive and just as effective.
      Cefamandole should not be used to treat intra-abdominal, enterobacter, or
      ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae infections. Cefoxitin is effective in
      the treatment and prevention of mixed aerobic-anaerobic skin and soft-tissue,
      intra-abdominal, gynecologic, and penicillinase-producing, spectinomycin
      resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections. Cefoxitin represents a greater
      advance than cefamandole in our continuing search for safe and more effective
      antimicrobial agents.

PMID- 3890659
TI  - Diagnostic tests in breast cancer. Clinical strategies based on diagnostic
      probabilities.
AB  - Optimal diagnostic strategies used in screening for breast cancer and evaluating
      breast masses depend on the likelihood of malignancy, findings at physical
      examination, and the accuracy of tests and procedures. Results from published
      series, in conjunction with calculations of the probability of malignancy based
      on test results, indicate that only mammography is needed for screening. A
      clinical sequence for evaluating palpable breast masses should include a
      combination of mammography, ultrasound examination, and needle aspiration. In
      patients with negative findings, the probability of cancer will be sufficiently
      low to obviate the need for immediate surgical biopsy. However, if there are
      positive findings, or the initial clinical likelihood of malignancy is high,
      excision of the mass is indicated.

PMID- 3890660
TI  - Acute pancreatitis.
AB  - The exocrine pancreas secretes into the gut on demand more than 20 proteins that
      are indispensable for digestion. In-vivo autodigestion is prevented by an array
      of natural safeguards. In acute pancreatitis, inappropriate intrapancreatic
      activation and release of pancreatic hydrolases occur, but the pathogenetic
      mechanism of autodigestion is unclear. The release of proteases, lipase and
      colipase, phospholipase A, vasoactive peptides, and other agents probably
      accounts for the edema, tissue destruction, fat necrosis, metabolic
      abnormalities, and complications. Ethyl alcohol abuse, gallstones, trauma, and
      other common and rare conditions can induce pancreatitis. The patient's outcome
      can be predicted by certain prognostic signs. Ultrasonography and computerized
      tomography are invaluable diagnostic tools and magnetic resonance imaging appears
      promising. Hemodynamic monitoring, intensive care with colloid and crystalloid
      infusions, correction of electrolyte abnormalities, judicious use of antibiotics,
      peritoneal lavage, drainage of pancreatic exudation fluids, and surgical
      intervention require a team approach, especially in patients with multiple
      complications. Additional research is needed into the pathogenetic mechanism of
      autodigestion and the design of specific therapies.

PMID- 3890661
TI  - [Stages of the etiological diagnosis of hypercalcemia].
AB  - After confirming hypercalcemia by 3 successive measurements of the total plasma
      calcium corrected for a plasma protein concentration of 72 g/l, which excludes
      spurious hypercalcemia due to dehydration, the physician orientates the
      aetiological diagnosis bearing in mind that primary hyperparathyroidism PHPT is
      the cause of 85 p. 100 of all asymptomatic forms of hypercalcaemia whilst overt
      or occult malignancy is the main cause (60 p. 100) of symptomatic forms of
      hypercalcaemia with PHPT responsible for 20 p. 100 of cases. Other causes,
      including drug toxicity with Vit D, calcium, Vit A, lithium, thiazide and
      aluminium hydroxide, sarcoidosis, hyperthyroidism, Addison's disease,
      pheochromocytoma and familial endocrine disorders are much rarer. Nevertheless,
      these rarer causes must be excluded on the clinical history and examination
      followed by radiological (chest X ray, plain abdomen X ray, bone X rays) and
      simple biological tests. The latter and/or scans tests should also help in a
      rapid diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma and multiple myeloma, so that the major
      diagnostic problem is to distinguish primary HPT from occult malignancy. This
      problem is greatly facilitated by reliable assays of C terminal or medium PTH
      rather than renal CAMP which is increased in 80 p. 100 of occult malignancies.
      When PTH assays is unavailable or unreliable Dent's hydrocortisone suppression
      test may be useful as a fall in'serum calcium is associated with occult
      malignancy in 70 p. 100 of cases and non-suppression is associated with PHPT in
      91 p. 100 of cases. Discriminant analysis of the usual biochemical parameters may
      be helpful in this differential diagnosis and is accurate in about 90 p. 100 of
      cases. However, the association of PHPT and malignancy is also possible and not
      fortuitous.

PMID- 3890662
TI  - [Treatment of pleuropulmonary tuberculosis in 1985].
AB  - The treatment of pulmonary TB due to bacilli sensitive to antituberculous
      treatment should lead to 100 p. 100 therapeutic success. However, this result
      implies a good bacteriological knowledge of the Koch bacillus, of antituberculous
      drugs, of therapeutic strategy, of the duration of treatment and, finally, of the
      reasons for failure. The association of isoniazide (5 mg/kg/day), rifampicin (10
      mg/kg/day) and ethambutol (20 mg/kg/day for the first two months) sterilizes
      tuberculous lesions in 9 months. The introduction of a fourth antituberculous
      drug, pyrazinamide (35 mg/kg/day for the first two months) enables the duration
      of treatment to be reduced to 6 months without any loss of efficiency.
      Tuberculous relapses, sometimes due to polyresistant bacilli, pose difficult
      problems requiring detailed bacteriological studies of antibiotic sensitivity.
      Specific measures have to be taken (adaptation of dosage, contra-indications of
      certain drugs) with respect to the individual patient (elderly patients, pregnant
      or lactating women). Surgery has a role to play, especially in the treatment of
      sequellae. Admission to a sanatorium is reserved for infectious cases at the
      beginning of treatment and for patients living in poor conditions. The cover of
      social security is essential for successful treatment. Tuberculous is a
      compulsory notifiable disease.

PMID- 3890663
TI  - Generation of nucleic acid structures and binding of molecules to DNA.

PMID- 3890664
TI  - Molecular dynamics and minimum energy conformations of GnRH and analogs. A
      methodology for computer-aided drug design.

PMID- 3890665
TI  - Fevers, poisons, and apostemes: authority and experience in Montpellier plague
      treatises.

PMID- 3890666
TI  - Aphakic macular edema: some observations on prevention and pathogenesis.
AB  - A prospective controlled trial of topical 0.1% dexamethasone drops was undertaken
      with the purpose of determining its efficacy in the prevention of aphakic macular
      edema. Of the 56 eyes studied specifically at the second and sixth postoperative
      weeks, none of the 28 in the steroid group showed macular edema, whereas the
      incidence in the nonsteroid group was 17.1% (P less than .01). The study
      highlights the role of steroids in reducing the incidence of postoperative
      macular as well as corneal edema. On the basis of earlier evidence and our
      observations on the conjunctival hyperfluorescence, the hypothesis for the
      genesis of macular edema has been modified.

PMID- 3890667
TI  - [Primary sarcoma of the middle ear. Apropos of 3 cases].
AB  - Authors present three cases: one hemangiosarcoma, one reticulum-cell sarcoma and
      one rhabdomyosarcoma of the middle ear. Histopathology slides were reviewed, as
      well as the Western medical literature the authors could obtain on the subject.
      The rare frequency of these neoplasms in the middle ear was made evident. Aspects
      relative to diagnosis and treatment were discussed. Long term prognosis remains
      unfavourable.

PMID- 3890668
TI  - [Cowden's disease].

PMID- 3890669
TI  - [Immunofluorescence test of antibodies directed against antigens of the
      intestinal epithelium of Schistosoma mansoni. II. In the bilharziasis patient].
AB  - Specific IgM antibodies to antigens present in the epithelial cells of the gut of
      adult S. mansoni were measured in 2 230 persons living in areas of different
      levels of endemicity. Significant differences were found in the prevalence of IgM
      antibodies in the infected patients of the compared bilharziasis foci: lower
      prevalences were found in high endemic foci, involving the possibility of a
      tolerance phenomenon.

PMID- 3890670
TI  - [Clinical trial of Plitican for vomiting in infants. Apropos of 40 cases].

PMID- 3890671
TI  - Prevention and treatment of venous ulceration.
AB  - Venous ulcers are related to incompetence of the direct calf and ankle
      perforating veins, the majority of which follow deep vein thrombosis. Prevention
      of the latter by intravenous micro-dose heparin (1 unit/kg/hour) is effective,
      safe and inexpensive. Its efficacy has been proved in two controlled clinical
      trials. Venous ulcers have been treated by perforating vein ligation, with
      saphenous ligation and stripping where necessary, and with the addition of
      permanent knee-length elastic compression stockings in patients with femoro
      popliteal incompetence. This regimen has achieved a 92% long-term success rate in
      patients without rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3890673
TI  - Peroperative detection of patients with rectal cancer at high risk of local
      recurrence.
AB  - Identification at the time of surgery of patients with rectal carcinoma at high
      risk of local recurrence may allow a more rational decision to be made regarding
      the operative procedure to be performed. We have examined tumour bed biopsies and
      lymph nodes peroperatively using imprint cytology in 20 consecutive patients
      undergoing radical surgery for rectal carcinoma. The results were checked by
      subsequent paraffin section histology. We were unable to find lymph nodes in 6
      cases (30%) peroperatively. Cytological and histological reporting of the tumour
      bed biopsies and lymph nodes concurred in 91% and 88% of specimens respectively.
      Peroperative cytology can differentiate between malignant and benign fixation of
      rectal tumours, can differentiate between hyperplastic and malignant lymph nodes
      and may be of value in identifying patients with rectal cancer at high risk of
      local recurrence.

PMID- 3890672
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome: a review of the literature.
AB  - A review of toxic-shock syndrome is presented. The epidemiology, clinical
      features, present and possible future management are discussed.

PMID- 3890674
TI  - McIndoe the gentle giant.

PMID- 3890675
TI  - [Heart transplantation in 1984].

PMID- 3890676
TI  - [Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction. Current status. Prospects].
AB  - Numerous data and controversies have arisen from studies concerning thrombolysis
      in acute myocardial infarction over the past five years. It is known that
      coronary artery obstruction is present in approximately 90 percent of acute
      infarctions during the first 4 hours of onset. Spontaneous renewed flow is noted
      in 30 percent of cases following the 12th hour, and in 50 percent of cases
      following the 3rd week. It is possible to obtain early renewed flow in 85 percent
      of cases with the administration of intracoronary streptokinase, and in 55 to 70
      percent of cases with parenteral administration of streptokinase or urokinase.
      Controversy centers around the effectiveness of thrombolysis in limiting the size
      of the infarction, thus preserving cardiac function. Due to the numerous
      different protocols used and the insufficient number of cases reported in
      randomized studies, it is not possible to determine the superiority of one
      technique over another in preserving ischemic myocardium. After taking into
      account the technical constraints of the procedure and the contradictory
      published results, therapeutic fibrinolysis should remain a research modality as
      long as its effectiveness in preserving ischemic myocardium has not been
      established.

PMID- 3890678
TI  - [Sudden death and obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].
AB  - Sudden death is the most common cause of death in obstructive hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathies. Ventricular arrhythmias appear to be involved most frequently.
      The typical clinical picture is that of a young, asymptomatic male subject with a
      family history of sudden death and obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The
      electrocardiogram at rest, the left ventricular pressure gradient, and the width
      of the septum are not good predictive criteria. Holter monitoring with the
      discovery of a run of ventricular tachycardia is the only method which identifies
      a subgroup at high risk for sudden death. Treatment with beta blockers does not
      protect patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from sudden death
      and only combined therapy with an antiarrhythmic agent can control ventricular
      rhythm disturbances and decrease the number of sudden deaths in this condition.

PMID- 3890677
TI  - [Volume and regional contraction of the left ventricle studied with venous
      injection in subtraction angiography].
AB  - The end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, the left ventricular ejection
      fraction, and segmental contraction of the left ventricle (5 areas) were
      determined at rest in 31 patients using two methods: conventional
      cineventriculography (as reference) and digital subtraction angiography by venous
      injection (the inferior vena cava). RESULTS: the volumes and ejection fraction
      obtained by digital subtraction angiography were reliable, though slightly less
      accurate than conventional ventriculography. Quantification of segmental
      contraction was satisfactory in the apical, anterolateral, and anteroinferior
      portions. It was less satisfactory in the posteroinferior portion with
      questionable reliability in the diaphragmatic portion. Qualitative dynamic
      assessment of contraction was satisfactory in most patients.

PMID- 3890679
TI  - [From labile or borderline arterial hypertension to mild hypertension. Current
      data and practical management].
AB  - The concept of labile hypertension (also called borderline hypertension) has been
      proposed to define those patients in whom blood pressure is sometimes below,
      sometimes above the frontier which separates normal and high blood pressure.
      Current evidence does not support the individualization of this concept, since
      numerous studies have demonstrated a similar or even higher blood pressure
      variability in hypertensive patients than that found in normotensive patients.
      The main objective, when measuring blood pressure, is to assess the risk of a
      cardiovascular event. It has been shown that the average value of several blood
      pressure determinations provides a better estimate of cardiovascular risk, and
      correlates better with hypertensive target organ disease, than a single blood
      pressure measurement. Therefore, we propose to define these so-called labile
      hypertensive patients on the basis of the average and to classify them into the
      category of mild hypertension, the later being defined as a diastolic blood
      pressure between 90 and 105 mmHg on several occasions according to the WHO. The
      increase in cardiovascular risk carried by a mild elevation in blood pressure,
      either untreated or treated with general health measures, is small, approximately
      3% per year. Moreover, whereas the beneficial effects of pharmacological
      antihypertensive therapy have been demonstrated on a whole population basis,
      these effects remain controversial on an individual basis. Thus, it appears
      justified to give these hypertensive patients general health measures advice
      without any pharmacological therapy during the first months of follow-up. During
      this time, blood pressure measurements are repeated so that blood pressure
      status, and thus the need for pharmacological therapy, can be assessed more
      precisely.

PMID- 3890680
TI  - Neonatal jaundice: investigation and monitoring.

PMID- 3890681
TI  - Measurement of urine prostaglandin E2 as a predictor of acute renal transplant
      rejection: preliminary findings.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in urine was developed and
      validated. It was used to provide serial measurements in eight renal transplant
      patients. Urine PGE2 concentration was increased between 1 and 7 days before any
      changes in the conventional biochemical indicators of acute rejection, serum
      creatinine and creatinine clearance. The increases in PGE2 concentration varied
      from 3 to 50 times that of the previous day. These results suggest that
      measurement of urinary PGE2 may be useful as an early indicator of acute renal
      transplant rejection.

PMID- 3890682
TI  - An in vitro study of the effects of a beta-blocker and a diuretic upon
      interconversion of active and inactive renin.

PMID- 3890683
TI  - [Intermittent and ambulatory intra-arterial chemotherapy using a subcutaneous
      access chamber in the treatment of isolated hepatic metastases. Preliminary
      results].
AB  - Discontinuous daily ambulatory intra-arterial chemotherapy using a needle access
      chamber implanted subcutaneously was achieved for treatment of nonresectable
      isolated hepatic metastases. This original approach is a compromise between the
      uncomfortable exterior catheter and the exorbitant cost of a pump implant. Phase
      I study (6 cases) brought out the technical problems involved in this method.
      Phase II study (presently 11 cases) of only primary colonic or rectal tumor
      metastases treated with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C was undertaken. The
      preliminary results of this small series yields 64 percent objective improvement
      for which 55 percent are complete remissions.

PMID- 3890684
TI  - The functional differentiation of the Fc region of immunoglobulin G.

PMID- 3890685
TI  - Structure and specificity of antibody molecules.

PMID- 3890686
TI  - Somatic mutation alters affinity and specificity.

PMID- 3890687
TI  - On the specificity of antibody/antigen interactions: phosphocholine binding to
      McPC603 and the correlation of three-dimensional structure and sequence data.
AB  - Refined three-dimensional structures of McPC603 Fab and the complex with
      phosphocholine permit a detailed assessment of the residues crucial to
      determining the antibody specificity. Correlation with sequence data suggests
      that the structure of the binding site is highly conserved in immunoglobulins
      with phosphocholine-binding specificity. There is suggestive evidence that
      coupling of somatic mutations occurs to preserve antigen-binding specificity. The
      immune response is characterized by specificity and diversity. While each
      antibody appears to be specific for a single antigen, the immune response can
      generate up to 10(9) different specificities. In order to understand, at the
      molecular level, the nature of the interaction between antibody and antigen, it
      is necessary to have a high-resolution three-dimensional picture of the complex.
      Today it is possible to investigate antibody/antigen interactions directly by the
      crystallographic analysis of hybridoma products [5, 10]; in the past, structural
      studies were limited to myeloma proteins which, in some cases, could be shown to
      complex to certain haptens. Of the four Fab structures that have been determined
      by X-ray diffraction, only two have been demonstrated to bind hapten in the
      crystal. They are Fab NEW, which was shown to bind a vitamin K1 derivative [1]
      and McPC603, which binds to phosphocholine [6,9]. During the last few years, the
      McPC603 Fab structure has been refined at 2.7 A resolution and the complex of
      McPC603 Fab with phosphocholine has been refined independently at 3.1 A. In this
      communication, we make a comparative analysis of the sequences of a number of
      mouse phosphocholine-binding immunoglobulins based on the refined structure of
      the phosphocholine-binding site in McPC603.

PMID- 3890688
TI  - Cell surface glycoproteins and the origins of immunity.

PMID- 3890689
TI  - Is there a correlation between membrane phospholipid metabolism and cell
      division?
AB  - The specificity of lipid/protein interactions in bacterial membranes is based on
      the diversity and variability of whole phospholipid molecules and of their polar
      and non-polar moieties. Of particular interest is the synthesis and turnover of
      anionic phospholipids facilitating variations in the phosphatidylglycerol
      (PG)/diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) ratio in correlation with cell growth and
      division. Accumulation of DPG increases the anionic character of the cell
      membrane which is known to hinder the septation process. Consequently, the
      decrease in PG/DPG observed in stationary and in penicillin- or UV-inhibited non
      dividing bacteria can be explained in this manner. On the other hand, the
      presence of lysophosphatidylethanolamine observed in the chain-forming mutant
      envC PM61 of Escherichia coli, and resulting from an anomaly in the deacylation
      reacylation cycle, appears to be an indirect consequence rather than the cause of
      septation deficiency. Variations in the ratio of saturated/unsaturated fatty
      acids in phospholipids are also correlated with the physiological state of the
      cell. Hence, the levels of fluid and non-fluid phospholipids, their polymorphism
      and interaction with membrane proteins appear to be implicated in cell wall
      modelling. Future work will show how all these correlations function on the
      genetic and molecular levels.

PMID- 3890690
TI  - Physiological and geometrical conditions for cell division in Escherichia coli.
AB  - During recovery of division in filaments of a temperature-sensitive DNA
      replication mutant, DNA-less cells were formed with a broad variation in cell
      lengths. It is argued that segregated nucleoids are necessary to indicate the
      site of division and that, in their absence, the cell has no additional mechanism
      to locate the division site. A second condition for division is based on
      geometrical arguments: the cell must be able to reestablish its original surface
      to volume ratio or its diameter, either of which may decrease during elongation.
      Electron microscopy and auto-radiography of radio-labelled sacculi prepared from
      E. coli MC4100 lysA, cultured in glucose minimal medium, showed that these cells
      elongate at a constant diameter and double their rate of surface synthesis during
      the constriction period.

PMID- 3890691
TI  - Envelope protein changes, autoagglutination, sensitivity to hydrophobic agents
      and a conditional division lesion in Escherichia coli strains carrying ColV
      virulence plasmids.
AB  - The presence of the virulence plasmids ColV,I-K94 or ColV-K30 in Escherichia coli
      produces a number of cell membrane and envelope changes. The most striking of
      these are (1) the presence of the 33K VmpA outer membrane protein and (2) the
      ColV-associated occurrence of autoagglutination. The VmpA protein is a plasmid
      encoded outer membrane protein which is synthesized from a larger precursor. It
      is distinct from the chromosomally-encoded OmpA protein but resembles it in a few
      respects. The VmpA protein does not appear to be involved in colicin synthesis or
      immunity, or in plasmid transfer. This protein was found in 6 out of 8 new ColV+
      isolates, but not in 2 ColIa+ strains. ColV-induced autoagglutination occurred
      for strains grown in static culture at 37 but not at 25 degrees C. Detergents
      prevented agglutination, as did the presence in a ColV+ strain of a fi+ plasmid,
      ColB. Autoagglutination may be a virulence phenotype. Associated with the ability
      of ColV+ bacteria to agglutinate was inhibition of motility. ColV+ bacteria also
      showed changes in envelope permeability indicated by inhibitor sensitivity and by
      a ColV-associated suppression of the lac Y lesion. Some ColV,I-K94+ strains
      showed a mucoid colonial phenotype and this ability to form mucoid colonies was
      efficiently transferred with ColV but apparently not without it. The mucoid ColV+
      strains resembled lon mutants in UV-sensitivity, division behaviour and
      sensitivity to lambda phage.

PMID- 3890692
TI  - Regulation of chromosome segregation in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Cell division is tightly coupled to DNA replication in Escherichia coli, as
      evidenced by the rarity of anucleate cells in steady state cultures. When DNA
      synthesis is arrested, cell division also comes to a halt and filamentous growth
      ensues, again with little formation of anucleate cells. To test the precise role
      of the SfiA division inhibitor during filamentous growth, we compared sfiA+ and
      sfiA- strains in their response to thymine starvation. More residual division was
      observed in the sfiA mutant culture, and autoradiographic analysis revealed that
      13% of the final population consisted of cells of normal size containing no DNA
      compared to 0.9% in the thymine-starved sfiA+ culture. The SfiA division
      inhibitor is known to be synthesized massively during thymine starvation as part
      of the inducible SOS response. We conclude that it prevents aberrant division and
      formation of anucleate cells, thus assuring proper segregation when DNA synthesis
      is perturbed. The SfiC division inhibition mechanism, also associated with the
      SOS response, does not affect cell division during thymine starvation. On the
      other hand, an SOS-independent mechanism of division arrest clearly comes into
      play during thymine starvation of a sfiA sfiC mutant: although considerable
      aberrant division took place, the majority of the cells formed long filaments
      with 1 or 2 masses of DNA. Thus, E. coli assures proper chromosome segregation by
      two systems when DNA replication is perturbed: the rapid, efficient SfiA division
      inhibitor and a less stringent SOS-independent mechanism.

PMID- 3890693
TI  - Elongation of the murein sacculus of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Elongation is an orderly multisite process in which, at each of about 90 growth
      points, two strands of murein are concurrently being synthesized, inserted and
      cross-linked to the sacculus. The enzymes involved move around the circumference
      of the cytoplasmic membrane at a rate of about 5 nm per second as new strands are
      being inserted, and this rate is sufficient to double the length of the cell
      during the cell division cycle.

PMID- 3890694
TI  - Interactions between lateral wall elongation and septum formation during cell
      cycle in Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AB  - In this study, we evaluated the effect of three different beta-lactams on
      peptidoglycan synthesis and cell division of synchronously growing rods of the pH
      conditional morphology mutant MirM7 and its parental strain MirA12. We have found
      that mecillinam, when added at varying times to synchronous MirM7 rods during the
      first 30 min of the cell cycle, inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis but has no
      effect when added afterwards while cells form septa and divide. Addition to the
      above cells of piperacillin for 30 min from the very beginning of the cell cycle
      did not cause any delay in cell division. On the contrary, when this antibiotic
      was added to synchronous cells for 15 min, starting 35 min after the beginning of
      the cell cycle, cell division occurred with an approximate 15-min delay. Addition
      of cefaloridine to synchronous cells at varying times during the cell cycle
      invariably caused a delay in cell division equal to the time during which the
      antibiotic was maintained in the culture. These findings are interpreted as
      supporting a previous hypothesis for shape regulation in bacterial rods and are
      discussed in terms of the interaction between lateral wall elongation and septum
      formation during the cell cycle.

PMID- 3890695
TI  - Cultivable mycobacteria isolated from organs of armadillos uninoculated and
      inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae.
AB  - Mycobacteria were cultivated from 16 out of 32 samples of tissues from armadillos
      inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae. Three out of 7 samples from non-inoculated
      armadillos held in captivity were also positive for cultivable mycobacteria. Some
      isolated strains belonged to the M. avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum complex,
      while others were identified as M. gordonae and M. terrae. Unclassified
      mycobacteria were isolated from M. leprae-inoculated armadillos only. Taxonomic
      studies confirmed that these new armadillo-derived mycobacteria (ADM) are
      different from all presently known species of mycobacteria, including M. leprae.
      The same new species were isolated from different armadillo colonies and were
      never found in non-inoculated animals. Different factors influence the isolation
      of these ADM in primary culture. Analysis of some specific markers of these ADM
      has been suggested in order to quantitatively determine the proportion of these
      ADM to M. leprae in armadillo tissues. No mycobacteria were cultivated from Nude
      mouse footpads infected with M. leprae.

PMID- 3890696
TI  - [Comparative study of adherence to rabbit enterocytes, presence of colonization
      factors CFA/I and CFA/II and toxinogenesis of 55 strains of Escherichia coli].
AB  - Fifty-five strains of Escherichia coli isolated from 51 faeces of Melanesian
      children with acute diarrhoea in New Caledonia were studied; three diarrhoeas
      were bloody. For each strain, haemagglutination type, adhesion to rabbit
      enterocytes, serotype, production of heat-labile (LT) or heat-stable (ST) toxins
      and identification of colonization factor antigens CFA/I or CFA/II were
      determined. We identified 48 strains able to attach to rabbit enterocytes; 27
      produced enterotoxins (21 strains LT+ and 6 ST+) and 19 had CFA (13 CFA/I and 6
      CFA/II). Five serotypes were identified: O6, O78, O80, O114 and O127:B8. One
      strain, O127:B8, which was able to attach to enterocytes, had CFA/I and produced
      LT toxin.

PMID- 3890697
TI  - [Stomatococcus mucilaginosus: cultural and biochemical properties of 100 strains
      isolated from the ORL area].
AB  - A study of the growth characteristics and 80 biochemical tests using API System
      micromethods (API-50CH, API-20E, API-Zym) was carried out on 100 strains of
      Stomatococcus mucilaginosus isolated from the human oral cavity. Seventy-seven
      other enzymatic tests from the API system (AP-arylamidases, osidases and
      esterases) were also performed on 10 of these strains. The results of these tests
      were compared to those of 24 type strains of Micrococcaceae and Aerococcus
      viridans. A simple identification scheme for S. mucilaginosus is proposed.

PMID- 3890699
TI  - [Growth kinetics of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultured on
      membrane filters].
AB  - The growth kinetics of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultivated
      on Millipore membrane filters (MF) was studied. Exponential growth kinetics was
      observed for both microorganisms, but in the case of E. coli cultivated on 0.8
      micron and 1.2 micron MF, a decrease in the growth rate compared to that observed
      in liquid medium was noted. On the other hand, S. cerevisiae was unable to grow
      on a MF belonging to some batches, whereas E. coli showed normal behavior towards
      these MF. These data underline the importance of the effect upon growth kinetics
      of the relative cell size proportionally to the size of the MF pores.

PMID- 3890698
TI  - [Comparison of capillary and venous blood cultures in experimental bacteremia in
      chickens].
AB  - In order to evaluate bacteraemia in chickens previously inoculated intravenously
      with 10(4)-10(6) Escherichia coli K12, a comparative study of the sensitivity of
      500 microliters or 50 microliters venous blood cultures and 50 microliters
      capillary blood cultures was carried out. Results of 206 blood cultures performed
      on 20 different chickens were negative in 147 cases and positive in 59. After 30
      minutes, the sensitivity of capillary blood cultures was comparable to that of
      500 microliters venous blood cultures and significantly higher than that of 50
      microliters venous blood cultures. This greater sensitivity of capillary blood
      cultures in cases of prolonged bacteraemia may be due to capillary sequestration
      of bacteria. Micro-blood cultures appear to be of major interest in the diagnosis
      of septicaemia in neonates, and the capillary trapping hypothesis will require
      confirmation by means of a quantitative study.

PMID- 3890700
TI  - Mesulergine (CU32-085) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Twenty patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with the 8-alpha-ergoline
      derivative mesulergine. Participants were divided into two groups, and over a
      nine-week period, mesulergine dosage was increased to a maximum of either 10 or
      20 mg daily. During this time levodopa-carbidopa (LD-CD) dosage was reduced and
      treatment was discontinued if possible. The dosage of LD-CD was reduced 75% in
      the 10 mg group and 74% in the 20 mg group. Patients in the low-dose group
      maintained their functional status and showed improvement in postural stability.
      Patients in the high-dose group showed improvement in each of the cardinal signs
      of parkinsonism. Adverse effects were generally mild and infrequent. Many adverse
      effects induced by LD-CD diminished or resolved. Our results suggest that
      mesulergine can be valuable in the management of Parkinson's disease,
      particularly in those individuals experiencing dose-limiting adverse effects from
      LD-CD.

PMID- 3890701
TI  - Direct immunofluorescence findings in peripheral nerve from patients with
      diabetic neuropathy.
AB  - Direct immunofluorescence examination was performed on peripheral nerve from 16
      patients with diabetes mellitus and 53 additional patients with peripheral
      neuropathy of diverse cause. Six nerves from patients with diabetes mellitus
      yielded positive findings: 4 had granular and lamellar deposition of IgM within
      the perineurium (of which 2 also had fibrinogen, IgA, C3, and albumin and 1 also
      had IgG); 1 had IgM, C3, and C4, and perineurial fibrinogen; the sixth contained
      linear perineurial C3 and fibrinogen. These 6 nerves contained axonal
      degeneration (3), axonal degeneration with chronic demyelination (1),
      microvasculitis with wallerian degeneration (1), and no pathological change (1).
      Sixteen of 53 nerves from nondiabetics yielded positive findings with
      immunofluorescence, possibly as a result of vascular leakage or as a
      manifestation of impaired removal of plasma proteins. The deposition of
      immunoreactants, as well as other plasma proteins, in peripheral nerve from
      patients with diabetes mellitus probably represents a "trapping" phenomenon
      reflecting altered basement membrane permeability. Alternatively, the changes
      could reflect a defect in the blood-nerve barrier in diabetic microangiopathy.

PMID- 3890702
TI  - Reminiscences in pharmacology: auld acquaintance ne'er forgot.

PMID- 3890703
TI  - Perspectives on alternatives to current animal testing techniques in preclinical
      toxicology.

PMID- 3890704
TI  - The central and peripheral influences of opioids on gastrointestinal propulsion.

PMID- 3890705
TI  - Clinical pharmacology in the United States: a personal reminiscence.

PMID- 3890706
TI  - The toxicity of smoke from polymeric materials during thermal decomposition.

PMID- 3890707
TI  - Antibiotic tolerance among clinical isolates of bacteria.

PMID- 3890708
TI  - The current and future use of thrombolytic therapy.

PMID- 3890709
TI  - The chemotherapy of schistosomiasis.

PMID- 3890710
TI  - The role of oxygen radicals as a possible mechanism of tumor promotion.

PMID- 3890711
TI  - Alterations in the release of norepinephrine at the vascular neuroeffector
      junction in hypertension.

PMID- 3890712
TI  - Pharmacokinetic pitfalls in the estimation of the breast milk/plasma ratio for
      drugs.

PMID- 3890714
TI  - The regulation of hepatic glutathione.

PMID- 3890715
TI  - The mechanistic toxicology of formaldehyde and its implications for quantitative
      risk estimation.

PMID- 3890713
TI  - Clinically desirable drug interactions.

PMID- 3890716
TI  - Review of reviews.

PMID- 3890718
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of sulfonamide revisited.

PMID- 3890717
TI  - The pulmonary uptake, accumulation, and metabolism of xenobiotics.

PMID- 3890719
TI  - Phagocytic defense in the lung.
AB  - Phagocytic defense in the normal lung is shared principally by two kinds of cells
      - alveolar macrophages that reside on the air surface and roam the alveoli and
      PMNs that circulate in the intravascular space or are stored transiently in areas
      adjacent to the capillary-alveolar interface (marginated in capillaries) and can
      reach the alveolar space quickly. The nature of the stimulating microorganism or
      aerosol particle reaching the alveolar surface may determine which phagocytic
      cell ultimately responds to contain the intruder. Ingestion and containment
      (either intracellular killing or enzymatic degradation) are the goals, and an
      'opsonin' may be necessary to enhance the efficiency of phagocytosis. In the lung
      this is very complex, reflecting the interdependence on immune and nonimmune
      opsonins. For immune mediated phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages, IgG antibody
      is preferable. Among the four subclasses of IgG, certain ones seem to bind
      preferentially to macrophages, whereas others are already adherent to the cells
      as cytophilic antibody. In the respiratory tract milieu of subjects with CF, the
      interaction of immune and nonimmune opsonins is much more complex because of
      proteolytic enzymes that can degrade antibodies creating various fragments. Now
      that we are in an era of very specific humoral replacement therapy with
      intravenous IgG that contains IgG subclasses and the potential for using
      monoclonal antibodies for very precisely directed replacement, special attention
      must be given to identifying the appropriate class and subclass of antibody that
      may be required. This may be relatively simple when forms of passive immune
      therapy are being considered. More difficult will be devising ways to actively
      immunize patients (or animals) and manipulate their antibody responses so that
      selective immunoglobulin subclasses are produced. To obtain such control over the
      humoral immune response will require much more basic work in animal models. More
      attention to the form of immunizing antigen, type of adjuvant and site of
      administration will be required. Finally, selective immunization of the mucosal
      surfaces of the airways will present different challenges than parenteral methods
      that elicit systemic responses and may not be satisfactory to prevent certain
      respiratory infections. The prospects are exciting despite much work in cellular
      immunology that remains for the future.

PMID- 3890720
TI  - [Effect of lipopolysaccharide of the pseudotuberculosis bacterium on the
      functional activity of macrophages].
AB  - Study of the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Y. pseudotuberculosis on the
      culture of peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs has established that in
      concentrations of 1-10 micrograms/ml LPS stimulated the absorption and digestive
      activity of the macrophages. In concentrations of 50-100 micrograms/ml it had a
      cytotoxic effect on the cell elements and inhibited their phagocytic function.
      The study of the LPS effect on absorption and liberation of 14C-labeled bacteria
      of Y. pseudotuberculosis showed that the biopolymer increased 2-3 times the
      uptake of the labeled antigen from the macrophages and lowered its elimination.
      In the experiments on mice infected with a labeled culture of S. aureus no
      increase in the uptake under the effect of the pseudotuberculosis LPS was
      observed, whereas an increase in the rate of the label elimination was stated.
      The difference was statistically significant. The results of the experiments are
      indicative of the specific effect of LPS. The study demonstrated a significant
      role of LPS of Y. pseudotuberculosis in the pathogenesis and protection of the
      host from this infection.

PMID- 3890721
TI  - [Immunosuppressive properties of olivomycin].
AB  - The effect of olivomycin on the cell and humoral immune response was studied on
      mice. It was shown that antibody genesis stimulated by sheep red blood cells or
      E. coli lipopolysaccharide was almost equally inhibited by olivomycin when
      administered 24 hours before administration of the antigen. The magnitude of the
      delayed type hypersensitivity induced by the antigen low doses (10(5) cells) did
      not change when the antibiotic was administered in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg. When the
      antibiotic dose was 3 mg/kg, it decreased 2 times as compared to the control. On
      immunization of the mice with sheep red blood cells in a dose of 10(9) cells
      olivomycin administered in the doses inhibiting the antibody genesis induced an
      increase in the delayed type hypersensitivity. Such an effect of the antibiotic
      has much in common with the effect of other cytostatics.

PMID- 3890722
TI  - [Low-molecular-weight immunocorrectors of natural origin].

PMID- 3890723
TI  - High-pressure liquid chromatographic assay and pharmacokinetics of HR 810 after
      intramuscular injection in rabbits.
AB  - A high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay was developed for the detection of
      HR 810 in rabbit plasma. There was no interference in the high-pressure liquid
      chromatographic assay from other antibiotics. The method was accurate,
      reproducible, and capable of detecting less than 1 microgram of HR 810 per ml in
      plasma. The assay correlated with the microbiological assay (correlation
      coefficient, 0.93) and was used to quantitate the concentration of HR 810 in
      rabbit plasma and determine its half-life subsequent to a 20-mg/kg intramuscular
      dose. The peak concentration of HR 810 was 51.2 +/- 8.0 micrograms/ml at 1 h
      postdose. The half-life of the absorption phase (mean +/- standard deviation) was
      0.35 +/- 0.10 h, and the half-life of the elimination phase was 0.75 +/- 0.06 h.
      This is 54% less than the half-life of elimination of 1.38 h previously reported
      for the intravenous dose.

PMID- 3890724
TI  - Effects of changes in pH, medium, and inoculum size on the in vitro activity of
      amifloxacin against urinary isolates of Staphylococcus saprophyticus and
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - The in vitro activity of amifloxacin (WIN 49375), a new fluoroquinolone, was
      compared with the activities of antimicrobial agents that are commonly used for
      the treatment of urinary tract infection (cinoxacin, cephalexin, gentamicin,
      amoxicillin, trimethoprim, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) against 25 strains
      of Staphylococcus saprophyticus and 28 strains of Escherichia coli. Bacterial
      strains were isolated from urine specimens of college women with acute urinary
      tract infections. Bacterial isolates were more susceptible to trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and amifloxacin than to the other drugs tested.
      The in vitro activity of amifloxacin against S. saprophyticus had an inverse
      relation to increases in the pH of the test medium. Changes in the type of
      culture medium had no effect on the in vitro activity of amifloxacin. There was a
      direct relationship between increases in inoculum size and the MICs of
      amifloxacin.

PMID- 3890725
TI  - Genetic and biochemical properties of AER-1, a novel carbenicillin-hydrolyzing
      beta-lactamase from Aeromonas hydrophila.
AB  - A novel carbenicillin-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase has been discovered in a blood
      isolate of Aeromonas hydrophila. The enzyme resembles plasmid-determined
      carbenicillinases in substrate profile but differs in isoelectric point (pI 5.9)
      and molecular weight (22,000) and has been termed AER-1. No evidence for a
      plasmid location could be obtained in A. hydrophila, but the AER-1 gene and
      resistance to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulfonamide could be transferred
      by mobilization with IncP plasmids to Escherichia coli, where the gene cluster
      inserted at a unique chromosomal site. The linked resistances are similar to
      those found on multiresistance beta-lactamase transposons, but since insertion of
      the A. hydrophila gene cluster was site specific and recA+ dependent, the cluster
      is not a functional transposon.

PMID- 3890726
TI  - Determination of vancomycin in human serum by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A rapid, accurate, reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatographic procedure
      for vancomycin quantitation in human serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and peritoneal
      fluid was developed. This procedure involves a simple chemical extraction of the
      antibiotic and is suitable for each of these body fluids. The column and mobile
      phase used provided a good resolution of the vancomycin peak with a retention
      time of 6.1 min. The precision of the assay was within the requirement for a
      daily routine clinical application. Coefficients of variation for within-day
      reproducibility were 5.80 and 6.28%, respectively, for samples at 50 and 25
      micrograms/ml, and for between-day reproducibility they were 11.4 and 11.1%,
      respectively. No interference was found with respect to beta-lactam and
      aminoglycoside antibiotics and many other currently used drugs, indicating a good
      specificity for the procedure. The detection limit of 100 ng/ml has proven to be
      sufficient for monitoring drug levels in serum obtained after usual dosages. Drug
      levels in 112 clinical serum specimens assayed by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography were regressed against the levels obtained for the same samples by
      radioimmunoassay and fluorescent polarization immunoassay. Correlation
      coefficients were 0.945 and 0.967, respectively, and were highly significant
      (alpha less than 0.001).

PMID- 3890727
TI  - In vitro activities of and mechanisms of resistance to antifol antimalarial
      drugs.
AB  - Certain drugs that interfere with folate metabolism (sulfones, sulfonamides, and
      inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase) play an important role in the chemotherapy
      and prophylaxis of malaria. The activities and mechanisms of action of these
      drugs are regarded as similar in most respects to their activities against
      procaryotic microorganisms. Believed incapable of utilizing intact exogenous
      folates, plasmodia have been regarded as dependent on de novo synthesis of
      required folate cofactors. The present investigation, conducted in pursuit of a
      method for testing the in vitro susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to
      antifol antimalarial drugs, produced evidence that earlier assumptions about the
      folate metabolism of this organism are not correct. Three of four isolates of P.
      falciparum were successfully maintained in a culture medium depleted of folic
      acid and p-aminobenzoic acid. The antimalarial activities of sulfonamides and
      dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors were, furthermore, variably antagonized by the
      presence of folic acid and p-aminobenzoic acid in the culture medium. Optimum
      conditions for assessment of antifol antimalarial activity in vitro therefore
      require precise control of these factors in the culture medium. Our results
      suggest that resistance to antifol antimalarial drugs involves a complex of
      factors related to both the de novo synthesis of active folate cofactors and the
      ability to utilize exogenous intact folates in various forms.

PMID- 3890728
TI  - Chloroquine uptake by Plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocytes during in
      vitro culture and its relationship to chloroquine resistance.
AB  - Chloroquine uptake by Plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocytes (RBC) was
      studied in vitro before and during culture by measuring the chloroquine gradient
      between the cells and medium (C/M) by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The
      C/M values were 5.9 +/- 2.7 (n = 23) for uninfected RBC, 13 to 34 for six
      chloroquine-susceptible isolates (concentration required to inhibit 50% of
      parasite growth, less than 100 nmol/liter) in partially infected RBC (parasitemia
      from 0.3 to 5%) (n = 28), and 8.4 to 4.9 for four chloroquine-resistant isolates
      (concentration required to inhibit 50% of parasite growth, 320 to 1,500
      nmol/liter) in partially infected RBC (parasitemia from 0.4 to 5%) (n = 26). Two
      isolates were studied before and after adaptation to continuous culture. C/M was
      found to decrease (34.2 to 2.1 and 19.3 to 4.9), whereas the concentration
      required to inhibit 50% of parasite growth increased (35 to 1,400 and 54 to 1,500
      nmol/liter), thus indicating the acquisition of chloroquine resistance. These
      results demonstrate that chloroquine uptake decreased in RBC in which the
      infective strain, initially susceptible, became resistant in culture and imply
      that the drug is bound to ferriprotoporphyrin IX to a lesser extent or that a
      parasite protein competes with ferriprotoporphyrin IX to a greater extent. We
      suggest that genotypic modifications in the mechanism of chloroquine uptake might
      occur in the parasite.

PMID- 3890730
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime, alone or in combination with piperacillin or
      tobramycin, in the sera of cancer patients.
AB  - We administered 2 g of ceftazidime intravenously every 8 h to cancer patients for
      the empiric therapy of febrile episodes. Ceftazidime was administered as
      monotherapy for patients with granulocyte counts in excess of 1,000/microliter.
      Febrile, neutropenic patients were randomized to also receive either piperacillin
      or tobramycin. The pharmacokinetic profile of ceftazidime during a steady-state
      dosing interval was ascertained in 21 patients. No differences were seen between
      groups for any of the pharmacokinetic parameters examined. As expected, the
      observed half-life was longer, the serum clearance was smaller, and the volumes
      of distribution were larger than in previously reported studies of volunteers.
      Serum concentrations remained above the MIC for inhibition of 90% of strains of
      the most common bacteremic pathogens seen in our cancer center for the entire 8-h
      dosing interval.

PMID- 3890729
TI  - In vitro studies on the antibacterial activities of YM-13115, a new broad
      spectrum cephalosporin.
AB  - The in vitro antibacterial activities of YM-13115, a new parenteral
      cephalosporin, were compared with those of ceftazidime, cefoperazone, and
      cefsulodin. The compound was highly active against the common members of the
      Enterobacteriaceae and 2 to 256 times more active than cefoperazone. YM-13115 was
      as active as ceftazidime against Citrobacter freundii, Proteus vulgaris, and
      Morganella morganii and two to four times more active than ceftazidime against
      Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter
      aerogenes, Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis, Providencia rettgeri, and
      Providencia stuartii. The activity of YM-13115 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      (with MICs of 0.78 and 3.13 micrograms/ml for 50 and 90% of the isolates,
      respectively) was ca. 2 times that of ceftazidime, 4 times that of cefsulodin,
      and 16 times that of cefoperazone. Against Haemophilus influenzae YM-13115 was
      more active than ceftazidime. YM-13115 was less active than ceftazidime,
      cefoperazone, and cefsulodin against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus
      epidermidis. The concentrations of YM-13115 required to inhibit the growth of 90%
      of the isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae were 0.78
      and 1.56 microgram/ml, respectively, but concentrations above 100 micrograms/ml
      were required to inhibit Streptococcus faecalis. YM-13115 was not hydrolyzed by
      the common plasmid and chromosomal beta-lactamases. YM-13115 is extremely active
      against P. aeruginosa and members of the Enterobacteriaceae.

PMID- 3890731
TI  - Immunoadjuvant activity of amphotericin B as displayed in mice infected with
      Candida albicans.
AB  - Mice receiving a single intraperitoneal injection of amphotericin B showed
      increased resistance to subsequent challenge with either Candida albicans or
      Staphylococcus aureus. This enhancement of resistance was obvious in terms of
      both survival criteria and clearance of the intravenously injected organism from
      different organs. The protective effect of amphotericin B was conditioned by
      dose, time of drug administration, and size of yeast or bacterial inoculum and
      was reversed by cyclophosphamide. Effector cells from mice treated with
      amphotericin B displayed enhanced fungicidal activity in vitro as measured in a
      short-term 51Cr release assay. Macrophages from intact animals exposed in vitro
      to amphotericin B also acquired strong candidacidal reactivity.

PMID- 3890732
TI  - Comparison of single-dose tetracycline hydrochloride to conventional therapy of
      urinary tract infections.
AB  - Sixty-two women with signs and symptoms compatible with lower urinary tract
      infections were randomized to receive single-dose tetracycline (2 g), multi-dose
      tetracycline (500 mg four times per day for 10 days), or single-dose amoxicillin
      (3 g). Urine cultures were obtained upon entry into the study and on days 4, 14,
      and 28 after therapy. Single-dose tetracycline cured 12 of 16 (75%) of women with
      documented urinary tract infections, compared with 15 of 16 (94%) in the multi
      dose tetracycline group and 7 of 13 (54%) receiving single-dose amoxicillin. Mild
      nausea in 3 of 20 patients (15%) was the only complication in the single-dose
      tetracycline group. Two grams of single-dose tetracycline is as effective as
      other reported regimens regardless of the susceptibility of the initial pathogen
      and has minimal toxicity.

PMID- 3890733
TI  - Aztreonam therapy in experimental meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type b
      and Escherichia coli K1.
AB  - The penetration of aztreonam into cerebrospinal fluid was 7 to 15% and 9 to 25%,
      respectively, in experimental Haemophilus influenzae type b and Escherichia coli
      K1 meningitis. Aztreonam was effective in reducing the number of organisms in
      cerebrospinal fluid after single-dose and continuous infusion administration, and
      the median bactericidal titers in cerebrospinal fluid were 1:32 against both
      meningeal pathogens.

PMID- 3890734
TI  - Parental age and the life-span of zygotes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Isolated cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were mated by micromanipulation and
      the reproductive capacity of the resulting zygotes was determined. The mating
      frequency was dependent on the age of the parents: conjugations between young
      cells and cells which had completed more than two thirds of their life-span were
      very rare events. The life-span of a zygote was very similar to the life-span of
      its shorter-lived parent. If one of the parent cells had budded several times
      prior to fusion, the life-span of the zygote was reduced correspondingly, i.e.
      there was no 'rescue by hybridization.' In four crosses the distribution of buds
      on both of the parent cells was recorded. In three of these four crosses the buds
      were evenly distributed, and in one the alpha-parent had three times as many buds
      as the a-parent.

PMID- 3890735
TI  - IncH plasmids in Escherichia coli strains isolated from broiler chicken
      carcasses.
AB  - Plasmids conferring tellurite resistance were transferred at low temperature (27
      degrees C) from Escherichia coli strains isolated from chicken carcasses at the
      time of slaughter and after storage. They belonged to group IncH, as evidenced by
      their large molecular weight and incompatibility with plasmid pIP233. E. coli
      strains contaminating chickens meat can thus represent a source of IncH plasmids
      in the food chain of humans.

PMID- 3890736
TI  - Selective medium for the isolation and enumeration of Klebsiella spp.
AB  - A highly selective medium for the enumeration and isolation of Klebsiella
      pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca was developed in which the typical colonies
      were convex and 1 to 2 mm in diameter. Their pigment was either a mucoid pink-red
      color or a more watery pale red with a dark red center. Relatively little
      colonial growth occurred for any other bacterial genera, and where such colonies
      did grow, they could be easily differentiated since the form was atypical. The
      medium already appears to have potential value as a means of assessing the
      efficiency of treating sewage and monitoring the microbiological quality of
      vegetables.

PMID- 3890737
TI  - Fluorometric determination of the DNA concentration in municipal drinking water.
AB  - DNA concentrations in municipal drinking water samples were measured by
      fluorometry, using Hoechst 33258 fluorochrome. The concentration, extraction, and
      detection methods used were adapted from existing techniques. The method is
      reproducible, fast, accurate, and simple. The amounts of DNA per cell for five
      different bacterial isolates obtained from drinking water samples were determined
      by measuring DNA concentration and total cell concentration (acridine orange
      epifluorescence direct cell counting) in stationary pure cultures. The
      relationship between DNA concentration and epifluorescence total direct cell
      concentration in 11 different drinking water samples was linear and positive; the
      amounts of DNA per cell in these samples did not differ significantly from the
      amounts in pure culture isolates. We found significant linear correlations
      between DNA concentration and colony-forming unit concentration, as well as
      between epifluorescence direct cell counts and colony-forming unit concentration.
      DNA concentration measurements of municipal drinking water samples appear to
      monitor changes in bacteriological quality at least as well as total
      heterotrophic plate counting and epifluorescence direct cell counting.

PMID- 3890738
TI  - Effects of dissolved organic carbon and second substrates on the biodegradation
      of organic compounds at low concentrations.
AB  - Pseudomonas acidovorans and Pseudomonas sp. strain ANL but not Salmonella
      typhimurium grew in an inorganic salts solution. The growth of P. acidovorans in
      this solution was not enhanced by the addition of 2.0 micrograms of phenol per
      liter, but the phenol was mineralized. Mineralization of 2.0 micrograms of phenol
      per liter by P. acidovorans was delayed 16 h by 70 micrograms of acetate per
      liter, and the delay was lengthened by increasing acetate concentrations, whereas
      phenol and acetate were utilized simultaneously at concentrations of 2.0 and 13
      micrograms/liter, respectively. Growth of Pseudomonas sp. in the inorganic salts
      solution was not affected by the addition of 3.0 micrograms each of glucose and
      aniline per liter, nor was mineralization of the two compounds detected during
      the initial period of growth. However, mineralization of both substrates by this
      organism occurred simultaneously during the latter phases of growth and after
      growth had ended at the expense of the uncharacterized dissolved organic
      compounds in the salts solution. In contrast, when Pseudomonas sp. was grown in
      the salts solution supplemented with 300 micrograms each of glucose and aniline,
      the sugar was mineralized first, and aniline was mineralized only after much of
      the glucose carbon was converted to CO2. S. typhimurium failed to multiply in the
      salts solution with 1.0 micrograms of glucose per liter. It grew slightly but
      mineralized little of the sugar at 5.0 micrograms/liter, but its population
      density rose at 10 micrograms of glucose per liter or higher. The hexose could be
      mineralized at 0.5 micrograms/liter, however, if the solution contained 5.0 mg of
      arabinose per liter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3890739
TI  - Transfer of plasmids pBR322 and pBR325 in wastewater from laboratory strains of
      Escherichia coli to bacteria indigenous to the waste disposal system.
AB  - Laboratory strains of Escherichia coli containing plasmid pBR325 (or pBR322) were
      coincubated with a mobilizer strain of E. coli (containing the conjugative
      plasmid R100-1) and a recipient strain of bacteria. Bacterial strains isolated
      from raw wastewater or a plasmid-free E. coli laboratory strain served as
      recipients. Transfer of the pBR plasmid into the recipient strain occurred during
      a 25-h coincubation in either L broth or sterilized wastewater; transfer
      frequencies were several orders of magnitude lower in wastewater. After the
      coincubation, recipients exhibited both plasmid-encoded phenotypic
      characteristics and an altered plasmid profile, as shown by agarose gel
      electrophoresis of purified plasmid DNA.

PMID- 3890740
TI  - Application of flow cytometry to detection and characterization of Legionella
      spp.
AB  - Flow cytometry, using fluorescein-bound specific antibodies and propidium iodide,
      was shown to be effective in detecting Legionella spp. in cooling tower waters.
      The procedure was quicker and less labor intensive than fluorescent microscopy.
      The use of these procedures also identified qualitative differences, perhaps
      related to infectivity, in Legionella populations.

PMID- 3890741
TI  - Image analysis method for the rapid counting of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.
AB  - An image analysis system which incorporates a microscope, video camera, monitor,
      and Apple computer and which uses image area to count Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      cells is described and evaluated. Yeast cell suspensions of densities of up to
      100 X 10(6) cells per ml can be counted when viewed in the counting chamber of a
      hemacytometer. The yeast image area measured depends upon the light intensity
      used to illuminate the yeast cells, the sharpness of the image focused on the
      monitor, and the grey level selected when scanning the digitized image on the
      monitor of the Apple computer, all of which can be controlled. The image area
      also depends upon the yeast strain and medium in which the culture is grown, but
      it is not affected by the concentration of sugar or ethanol in which the yeast
      cells are suspended. Yeast growth measured by image analysis can be calibrated to
      give results similar to those obtained with hemacytometer counting. Yeast cells
      can be counted in the presence of high cell densities of bacteria by adjusting
      the grey level at which the digitized image is scanned.

PMID- 3890742
TI  - Monensin-based medium for determination of total gram-negative bacteria and
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Plate count-monensin-KCl (PMK) agar, for enumeration of both gram-negative
      bacteria and Escherichia coli, is composed of (per liter) 23.5 g of plate count
      agar, 35 mg of monensin, 7.5 g of KCl, and 75 mg of 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D
      glucuronide (MUG). Monensin was added after the medium was sterilized. The
      diluent of choice for use with PMK agar was 0.1% peptone (pH 6.8); other diluents
      were unsatisfactory. Gram-negative bacteria (selected for by the ionophore
      monensin) can be used to judge the general quality or sanitary history of a
      commodity. E. coli (differentiated by its ability to hydrolyze the fluorogenic
      compound MUG) can be used to assess the safety of a commodity in regard to the
      possible presence of enteric pathogens. Pure-culture studies demonstrated that
      monensin completely inhibited gram-positive bacteria and had little or no effect
      on gram-negative bacteria. When gram-negative bacteria were injured by one of
      several methods, a few species (including E. coli) became sensitive to monensin;
      this sensitivity was completely reversed in most instances by the inclusion of
      KCl in the medium. When PMK agar was tested with food and environmental samples,
      96% of 535 isolates were gram negative; approximately 68% of colonies from
      nonselective medium were gram negative. PMK agar was more selective than two
      other media against gram-positive bacteria and was less inhibitory for gram
      negative bacteria. However, with water samples, KCl had an inhibitory effect on
      gram-negative bacteria, and it should therefore be deleted from monensin
      containing medium for water analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3890743
TI  - Rapid, simplified method for production and purification of tetanus toxin.
AB  - A rapid, simplified method for production and purification of tetanus toxin from
      bacterial extracts was described. The extracts were prepared by stirring young
      cells (ca. 45-h culture) of Clostridium tetani in 1 M NaCl-0.1 M sodium citrate,
      pH 7.5, overnight at 0 to 4 degrees C. The toxin was purified by a combination of
      (i) ammonium sulfate fractionation (0 to 40% saturation), (ii)
      ultracentrifugation for removal of particulate materials, and (iii) gel
      filtration by high-pressure liquid chromatography on a TSK G3000 SW-type column.
      This method required 6 days as follows: (i) overnight incubation of the seed
      culture, (ii) 2 days for growing the bacteria for toxin production, (iii)
      overnight extraction of the toxin from the bacteria, (iv) overnight precipitation
      of the toxin with ammonium sulfate, (v) 2 h for ultracentrifugation of the
      ammonium sulfate concentrate of the bacterial extract, and (vi) 1 h for high
      pressure liquid chromatography. The minimum lethal dose of the purified toxin
      preparations for mice was 1.4 X 10(7) to 1.5 X 10(7) per mg of protein and they
      showed 360 to 390 Lf (flocculating activity) per mg protein and a 280/260 nm
      absorbance ratio of 2.0 to 2.1. The final recovery of the toxin from bacterial
      extracts was 90 to 93%. The purified preparations gave a single band of toxin
      protein with a molecular weight of 150,000 +/- 5,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. On crossed immunoelectrophoresis, the
      purified toxin preparations gave a single precipitation arc against anti-crude
      toxin serum.

PMID- 3890744
TI  - Characterization of the coliform and enteric bacilli in the environment of calves
      with colibacillosis.
AB  - In the first part of the present study the coliform and enteric bacilli in the
      environment of calves with colibacillosis were examined. The occurrence, number,
      and pathogenic properties of Escherichia coli in barnyard soils were obtained
      from six cattle ranches. The O and K serogroups of E. coli isolates obtained from
      the feces of calves with colibacillosis born at these cattle ranches were
      determined, and their serotypes were compared with the E. coli O and K serotypes
      found in soils. The results showed a reservoir of potentially pathogenic E. coli
      in barnyard soils contaminated with bovine feces. For the second part of this
      study, 6 healthy calves and 51 calves with colibacillosis were studied. The
      numbers of total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, total streptococci, fecal
      streptococci, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms in the feces of calves were
      determined. In addition, coliform and enteric bacilli from the feces of both
      healthy and diseased calves were identified, and their indole, methyl red, Voges
      Proskauer, citrate (IMViC) types were described. In parallel, the IMViC types of
      coliform and enteric bacilli isolated from barnyard soils previously contaminated
      with bovine feces were compared with those isolated from uncontaminated soils.
      All fecal specimens were also examined for the presence of rotavirus. No
      significant effect on the numbers of the bacterial types was found. The results
      suggest that the predominant IMViC types found in the feces of calves with
      colibacillosis originate from the soil. From this study it is apparent that the
      occurrence, number, and survival of E. coli in barnyard soils is related to ranch
      husbandry and sanitary practices.

PMID- 3890745
TI  - Large-scale preparation of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase from a recombinant
      system in Escherichia coli characterized by extreme plasmid instability.
AB  - An ampicillin-resistant, RecA- strain of Escherichia coli (HB101) harboring the
      multicopy pBR322 plasmid containing the structural gene for ribulosebisphosphate
      carboxylase from Rhodospirillum rubrum was used to prepare large quantities of
      the carboxylase protein. This recombinant system was characterized by extreme
      plasmid instability, which resulted in part from the 1.7-fold faster growth rate
      of plasmid-free cells and in part from very rapid rates of plasmid segregation.
      The plasmid-containing organisms produced and excreted a large amount of beta
      lactamase activity, with the result that ampicillin selection could only be
      maintained for a very short period of time, after which the plasmid-containing
      (carboxylase-producing) cells were overgrown by plasmid-free cells. The
      instability was so severe that even isolated colonies prepared on ampicillin
      containing plates were impure and contained plasmid-free cells. Nevertheless,
      large quantities of carboxylase protein could be obtained from this system by
      using a highly dilute inoculum which allows selection of ampicillin-resistant
      (carboxylase-producing) organisms for a sufficient period of time so that the
      period of growth under nonselective conditions was minimized, and cells harvested
      at high cell densities contained large amounts of the carboxylase protein. In the
      present instance, 300-liter fermentations were initiated with a 0.3-microliter
      inoculum of freshly grown cells. After 20 h of growth in rich medium containing
      ampicillin, the harvested cells contained 74 g of ribulosebisphosphate
      carboxylase protein (average of two separate cultures). These results are
      discussed in terms of the general nature of plasmid instability and protocols
      available to minimize the effects of such instability.

PMID- 3890746
TI  - Direct immunoassay for detection of salmonellae in foods and feeds.
AB  - A direct enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with polyclonal antibodies was developed for
      detecting salmonellae in foods and feeds. Salmonella cells were attached firmly
      to the wells of polystyrene microtitration plates with a capture-antibody
      technique. Spicer-Edwards anti-H immunoglobulin G was bound to protein A-beta-D
      galactosidase to serve as the signal; 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactoside was
      used as the substrate. The sensitivity threshold was 10(7) cells per ml. Direct
      EIA, indirect EIA, and pure-culture techniques were compared by using 48 samples
      of naturally contaminated foods and feeds. The direct EIA was more sensitive than
      the indirect EIA or pure-culture technique. Food samples were analyzed within 3
      working days, and 32 samples were tested simultaneously in a single 96-well
      microtitration plate. False-positive or false-negative results did not pose a
      problem. This direct EIA is sensitive, rapid, and amenable to automation.

PMID- 3890747
TI  - Mobilization of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans plasmids among Escherichia coli
      strains.
AB  - Nonconjugative Thiobacillus ferrooxidans plasmids were mobilized at high
      frequencies among Escherichia coli strains by the IncP plasmid RP4 and at low
      frequencies by the IncN plasmid R46, but not by the IncW plasmid pSa. The
      mobilization region of a nonconjugative T. ferrooxidans plasmid was located on a
      5.3-kilobase T. ferrooxidans DNA fragment.

PMID- 3890748
TI  - Interactions between heterotrophic plate count bacteria and coliform organisms.
AB  - Studies were initiated to investigate the interactions between heterotrophic
      plate count bacteria and coliform organisms. We used spiked samples to show that
      heterotrophic plate count bacteria could reduce coliform densities by more than 3
      logs within 8 days. Some heterotrophic plate count bacteria were able to cause
      injury to the coliform population. A significant correlation (r = 0.66; P less
      than 0.05) was observed between the initial level of heterotrophic plate count
      bacteria and the rate of coliform decline. Competition for limiting organic
      carbon was hypothesized to be responsible for the observed effects.

PMID- 3890749
TI  - Application of a simplified method for recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica from
      surface waters.
AB  - Yersinia enterocolitica was recovered from surface water by a simplified method:
      samples were taken by means of the Moore tampon and, after a short, warm
      preincubation in peptone-sorbitol-bile salts broth, were quickly passed to an
      alkali solution. Immediately after this, samples were directly plated on
      MacConkey agar. Y. enterocolitica was isolated from 60% of the water samples, and
      the identification confirmation of the strains chosen was 100%.

PMID- 3890750
TI  - Partial purification and properties of two histone acetyltransferases from the
      yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Two histone acetyltransferases, A and B, have been extracted and partially
      purified from yeast cells. The purification scheme included ammonium sulfate
      precipitation, and chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose and Sephadex G-200. The basic
      properties of both enzymes closely correspond to those of acetyltransferase A and
      B found in higher eucaryotes. Yeast enzyme A elutes from DEAE-Sepharose prior to
      acetyltransferase B, and it is activated by low concentrations of DNA and
      strongly inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB). Enzyme B is inhibited by
      DNA over the entire range of concentrations tested and it is less sensitive to
      PCMB than enzyme A. When assayed with yeast whole histones, enzyme B shows a
      marked specificity toward histone H4, although H3 and H2B are also accepted as
      substrates. Enzyme A preferentially catalyzes the acetylation of yeast H2B and
      H3, with the other two core histones being acetylated to a much lesser extent.

PMID- 3890751
TI  - Modulation of uncoupler-induced sugar uptake in isolated adult rat heart cells by
      isoproterenol.
AB  - When cells (2.4 mg/ml) in the presence of glucose were exposed to 0.15 microM p
      trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), the time until 50% of the rod-shaped
      cells had undergone contracture was more than twice as long for cells without
      isoproterenol as for cells with isoproterenol. The cause of this large effect was
      revealed in experiments without glucose where 3-O-methylglucose entry, ATP
      levels, and cellular configuration were measured simultaneously. It was found
      that the onset of contracture was almost coincident with the decline in total
      measured ATP, suggesting that, in any cell, contracture was accompanied by a
      sudden and total ATP loss. In control cells, FCCP stimulated 3-O-methylglucose
      entry at or before the time this ATP catastrophe occurred. In cells exposed to
      isoproterenol, however, the stimulation of 3-O-methylglucose entry by FCCP did
      not occur until after the ATP catastrophe, and the extent of stimulation was
      reduced. This suggests that, when glucose was present, the FCCP-induced glucose
      influx was sufficient to significantly delay the onset of contracture in control
      cells but not in cells treated with isoproterenol. This conclusion was borne out
      by the observation that the effect of isoproterenol on contracture could be
      overcome with insulin.

PMID- 3890752
TI  - Chloride as allosteric effector of yeast aminopeptidase I.
AB  - Activation of yeast aminopeptidase I by chloride was studied by kinetic methods.
      Several effects contributed to overall activity enhancement: At low
      concentrations of Zn2+ (an essential component of aminopeptidase I) chloride
      increased the amounts of active enzyme by reducing the cooperativity of metal
      binding. In addition, substrate turnover was enhanced due to increased kcat and a
      moderate decrease of Km. At high concentrations of Zn2+ substrate saturation
      curves were sigmoidal. Under these conditions chloride activated by restoring
      Michaelis-Menten kinetics of substrate turnover. At the same time, reconstitution
      of active enzyme from apoprotein and Zn2+ was substantially accelerated and its
      inactivation due to loss of Zn2+ was retarded. Co2+-Substituted aminopeptidase I,
      although catalytically active, was much less sensitive to chloride activation.
      Apparent binding constants for chloride, as estimated from its effects on metal
      binding and catalysis, respectively, were different. This suggests that two
      independent activation mechanisms may be operative. Both appear to be mediated by
      conformational changes of the enzyme protein.

PMID- 3890753
TI  - Metabolic activation of mutagenic N-hydroxyarylamines by O-acetyltransferase in
      Salmonella typhimurium TA98.
AB  - A new enzymatic activation of mutagenic N-hydroxyarylamines is described. An
      acetyl-CoA dependent enzyme that can activate 2-hydroxyamino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2
      a:3',2'-d]imidazole (N-OH-Glu-P-1) to a reactive species capable of binding to
      nucleic acid was found in a cell-free extract of Salmonella typhimurium TA98 but
      not in that of TA98/1,8-DNP6, which shows low sensitivity to the mutagenic
      activity of N-OH-Glu-P-1. The enzyme was partially purified by streptomycin
      treatment, ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and gel
      filtration chromatography of Sephadex G-150. Its molecular weight was estimated
      to be approximately 48,000. The directly mutagenic N-hydroxyarylamines, such as N
      OH-Glu-P-1, 3-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (N-OH-Trp-P-2), and N
      hydroxy-2-aminofluorene (N-OH-AF), were transformed to reactive derivatives by
      partially purified enzyme in the presence of acetyl-CoA. The Km value for acetyl
      CoA was calculated to be 3.3 microM. No acetyl residue, however, was incorporated
      into nucleic acid adducts. The enzymatic product of N-OH-Glu-P-1 bound most
      efficiently to polyguanylic acid among four polynucleotides. The enzyme did not
      show the N,O-acetyltransfer activity of N-hydroxyacetylaminofluorene (N-OH-AAF).
      These results indicate that the enzymatic product of N-hydroxyarylamine is N
      acetoxyarylamine, and that this enzyme can be called acetyl-CoA:N
      hydroxyarylamine O-acetyltransferase. O-Acetyltransferase activity was inhibited
      by SH-blocking agents, several phenolic compounds, such as pentachlorophenol and
      1-nitro-2-naphthol, and an antibiotic thiolactomycin. S. typhimurium mutation
      studies suggested that the O-acetyltransferase functions as an enzyme activating
      certain N-hydroxyarylamines within bacterial cells and is involved in the
      formation of mutants.

PMID- 3890754
TI  - Chymotrypsin- and trypsin-type serine proteases in rat mast cells: properties and
      functions.
AB  - Two of the major enzymes present in and released from rat mast cells are
      chymotrypsin-type serine protease (chymase) and trypsin-type serine protease
      (tryptase), and these have been postulated to be important in the inflammatory
      reactions. There have been no clear data regarding the trypsin-type protease in
      rat mast cells. Tryptase was recently purified from rat peritoneal mast cells
      with an associated protein (trypstatin) that inhibited the protease activity
      above pH 7.5. Chymase was also purified from rat peritoneal cells by employing a
      one-step method involving hydrophobic chromatography on octyl-Sepharose 4B or
      arginine-Sepharose 4B. The properties of chymase and tryptase were described in
      relation to substrate specificity and their relative sensitivity to inhibitors.
      It was found that proteolytic activities of these enzymes were modulated by
      naturally occurring substances, such as phosphoglycerides, long-chain fatty
      acids, and trypstatin. There is as yet little evidence for the physiological
      roles of these enzymes in the inflammatory reaction. It has been found that the
      specific, low-molecular-weight inhibitor of chymase, chymostatin, and that of
      tryptase, leupeptin, inhibit histamine release induced by addition of anti-rat
      IgE to mast cells. However, the inhibitors with molecular weights of more than
      6000 were found to have no effect in this process. The data suggest that chymase
      and tryptase in mast cell granules play a crucial or significant role in the
      process of degranulation.

PMID- 3890755
TI  - [Radiosensitization research in cancer therapy].
AB  - Radiosensitization using Synkavit was first reported by Mitchell in 1953.
      Recently, renewed interest in radiosensitization has been shown by tumor
      radiobiologists since electron-affinitive hypoxic cell sensitizers were
      introduced Adams and his colleagues in 1973. Conferences on chemical modifiers
      i.e., radiosensitizers and radioprotectors, have been held every two years since
      1977 in Britain or North America. At the last meeting in Banff, Canada in 1983
      the results of randomized clinical trials of misonidazole were found to be rather
      disappointing and non-hypoxic cell sensitizers such as halogenated thymine
      analogues and PLD repair inhibitors were introduced. In parallel with these
      approaches, hyperthermia research combined with radiation was started in 1974.
      Very effective radiosensitization by heat-treatment, for example 43 degrees C for
      40 min, has been shown in in vitro as well as in vivo experiments. Enhancement of
      the anti-tumor activity of some chemotherapy drugs using hypoxic cell sensitizers
      or PLD repair inhibitors was found to be a new approach for improving cancer
      chemotherapy in 1982. Hyperthermia was also shown to enhance the anti-tumor
      activity of some chemicals. Thus radiosensitization research may be extended to
      chemosensitization. i.e., from selective sensitization used in local radiotherapy
      to that used in systemic chemotherapy.

PMID- 3890756
TI  - [Endocrine therapy of recurrent breast cancer].
AB  - The present status of endocrine therapy in the treatment of recurrent breast
      cancer was reviewed. Only one third of breast cancer responds to the endocrine
      therapy, and suitable patients should be selected the treatment. By means of
      estrogen receptor (ER), it is possible to select ER(-) patients who do not
      respond to therapy (response rate less than 10%) while 50-60% of ER(+) breast
      cancer patients respond to therapy. However, this is still unsatisfactory as 50
      60% of recurrent breast cancer cases respond to combination chemotherapy. By
      adding to the ER status certain clinical parameters such as disease-free
      interval, metastatic site, and performance status, a better response would be
      obtained with endocrine therapy. The combination of chemotherapy with endocrine
      therapy would be expected to increase the probability of patient response.
      According to our prospective randomized trial, however, as well as other reported
      trials, the survival of patients treated with simultaneous chemo-endocrine
      therapy has not been prolonged as compared with those who had been treated
      sequentially with either therapy alone. This suggests that new therapeutic
      strategies will be necessary in the treatment of recurrent breast cancer.

PMID- 3890757
TI  - [Therapy for recurrent breast cancer].
AB  - A multimodal treatment strategy for recurrent breast cancer is described.
      Occasionally, there are a few patients who have no other detectable distant
      metastases at the time of locoregional recurrence or of appearance of solitary
      lung metastasis. In such cases, curative results may be obtained with surgical
      treatment. In cases too extensive for surgical resection, irradiation is the
      treatment choice for local control. Radiotherapy is also helpful for painful bone
      lesions. The important basis for the multimodal approach to recurrent breast
      cancer is a well-balanced combination of local therapy with surgery or
      irradiation and systemic polychemoendocrine therapy or polychemotherapy followed
      by maintenance therapy, to improve the quality of life and survival of patients.
      Concerning the combined chemoendocrine therapy, many investigators have reported
      an improved effect with simultaneous or sequential use, but not all of these
      studies have confirmed the advantage of combination therapy over endocrine- or
      chemo-therapy alone, either in response rate or survival time. Further
      prospective randomized studies correlating ER status are needed to evaluate this
      approach. Immunotherapy used as a maintenance therapy may prolong the duration of
      remission and survival time.

PMID- 3890758
TI  - [Recent findings on the mechanism of murine T-cell lymphomagenesis].
AB  - The pathogenesis of murine T-cell lymphomas, induced by radiation, chemical
      carcinogens or lymphomagenic retroviruses, implicates such multiple factors as
      the derangement of T-cell differentiation, intervention of the endogenous
      retroviruses, the expression of the cellular oncogenes, and so on. The
      application of virological, immunobiological and molecular biological techniques
      has opened an avenue to gaining an insight into the mechanism of the disease.
      Among recent achievements, data on the following aspects are presented in this
      review. 1) Unequivocal demonstration of the "indirect induction mechanism" of
      lymphoma using Thy. 1 congenic mice, 2) the presence of preleukemic cells and
      their evolution to leukemic cells by virtue of the thymic microenvironment, 3)
      search for the expression or rearrangement of v-onc and c-onc with molecular
      hybridization techniques, and 4) generation of lymphomagenic retrovirus from non
      producer T-cell lymphoma cell lines infected with non-oncogenic endogenous
      ecotropic virus, which may represent the emergence of a lymphomagenic virus
      following leukemogenic treatments through the genetic recombination of viral
      genomes.

PMID- 3890759
TI  - [Inhibition of metastasis by anti-platelet agents-prostaglandins].
AB  - The role of platelets in the development of blood-borne metastasis is overviewed,
      referring to our own experimental data. Platelets interact with tumor cells in
      circulation or in capillary beds to form tumor thrombi which accelerate the
      lodging process of metastasis. This interaction is mediated by platelet
      aggregating substances, such as ADP, thrombin-forming substance and certain
      membrane proteins from tumor cells. The aggregation of platelets is followed by
      secretion of various growth factors including PDGF, EGF and TGF-beta although the
      implication of these factors in growth promotion of metastatic foci is presently
      uncertain. Certain antiplatelet agents, particularly prostacyclin and
      prostaglandin E1 inhibit pulmonary metastasis in animal models and thus appear to
      be potentially useful in the prophylaxis of metastasis.

PMID- 3890760
TI  - Atypical fibroxanthoma. A study with antibody to S-100 protein.
AB  - Fourteen biopsy specimens from ten patients with atypical fibroxanthoma were
      studied with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method for binding of S-100 antibody.
      Six specimens from four patients were minimally positive. The S-100-positive
      cells were observed in greatest concentrations at the periphery of the lesions
      and were associated with perivascular inflammatory cells. By this method, it
      appears that there is not a Langerhans' cell type of atypical fibroxanthoma. The
      S-100 antibody can help differentiate desmoplastic juvenile melanoma and
      malignant melanoma from atypical fibroxanthoma.

PMID- 3890761
TI  - Familial syringoma. Case history and application of monoclonal anti-eccrine gland
      antibodies.
AB  - We studied a family with dominantly inherited eruptive syringoma. The father and
      the older daughter had chest and neck as well as eyelid lesions. The chest
      lesions seemed to develop continuously by new formation of eccrine germlike
      budding from the epidermis. Monoclonal antikeratin antibody EKH4, which
      predominantly labels the basal layers of the epidermis, stained positively in the
      cordlike epithelial structure and peripheral cells of the walls of cystic
      lesions. Staining with EKH6, which recognizes normal eccrine secretory and ductal
      structures--particularly luminal borders--was positive along the luminal borders
      of the cystic lesions; staining with EKH5, which labels eccrine secretory
      portion, was entirely negative in the lesions. These findings further supported
      the theory that syringoma of the eyelids and eruptive syringoma, which mainly
      involves the anterior neck and upper chest, are essentially the same tumor and
      that these appendage tumors are of eccrine ductal differentiation.

PMID- 3890762
TI  - Immunohistologic studies in pityriasis rosea. Evidence for cellular immune
      reaction in the lesional epidermis.
AB  - Biopsy specimens of the skin lesions of pityriasis rosea obtained from 15
      patients were studied. Characteristic histologic changes were composed of focal
      intercellular edema, epidermotropism of mononuclear cells often associated with
      the formation of focal intraepidermal collections of mononuclear cells, and of a
      perivascular lymphohistiocytic cell infiltration in the superficial dermis.
      Immunologic analysis using monoclonal antibodies showed that large numbers of
      lymphoid cells in the perivascular infiltrate reacted with anti-pan-T-cell, anti
      helper-inducer subset, and anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies, while the
      epidermotropic mononuclear cells consisted of helper-inducer cells or suppressor
      cytotoxic cells without any predominance pattern. In addition to epidermal
      Langerhans' cells, some of the dermal infiltrating cells were reactive with
      monoclonal antibody OKT6. Moreover, there was localized expression of HLA-DR
      antigen on the keratinocytes. We think that cellular immune reactions are taking
      place in the lesional epidermis of pityriasis rosea.

PMID- 3890763
TI  - Eosinophilic granuloma. Presence of OKT6-positive cells and good response to
      intralesional steroid.
AB  - A patient with eosinophilic granuloma, with extensive oral mucous membrane
      involvement, was treated with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injections.
      Although radiation therapy had failed, this treatment resulted in remission. The
      biopsy specimen from the patient's lesion contained a predominance of OKT6
      positive cells, which were shown by electron microscopic analysis to be mostly
      indeterminate cells and a small percentage of Langerhans' cells, with
      characteristic L-cell granules; there was also 5% eosinophils. Many L-cell
      granules were being produced between cell membranes of the same as well as
      neighboring L cells. It was thought that in this condition, as in other
      proliferative conditions of L cells, cell membranes are extremely adhesive and
      that such adhesion areas of L cells form L-cell granules. This occurs in a
      similar fashion as the adhesive areas of epithelial cells form desmosomes.

PMID- 3890764
TI  - Bedtime insulin injections: an alternative regimen.
AB  - Sixteen children (aged 3 to 12 years) participated in a 12 month crossover study
      comparing bedtime with teatime insulin injections in an endeavour to reduce
      morning hyperglycaemia. Blood glucose values were lower at lunch and at teatime
      on the later injection, but higher at bedtime and midnight. There was no overall
      change in glycosylated haemoglobin. Despite more frequent mild hypoglycaemic
      attacks, parents preferred the convenience of the later injection. Analysis of
      individual children's glycosylated haemoglobin values showed that those whose
      metabolic control improved on the later injection were younger and went to bed
      earlier, indicating that this regimen may have a place in the management of
      younger children with diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3890765
TI  - Developmental sequence of periventricular leukomalacia. Correlation of
      ultrasound, clinical, and nuclear magnetic resonance functions.
AB  - The evolution of severe periventricular leukomalacia was followed by
      ultrasonography in three newborn infants, and the subsequent myelination of the
      brain was assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Four stages of
      periventricular leukomalacia could be identified by ultrasonography; (1) initial
      congestion, followed by (2) relative normalisation, (3) development of cysts, and
      (4) resolution of cysts but development of ventricular enlargement. All infants
      exhibited abnormal neurological signs from 36 weeks conceptual age and had
      unequivocal signs of cerebral palsy by 6 to 9 months of age. One infant became
      cortically blind but the other two seemed to have normal vision. Nuclear magnetic
      resonance imaging showed some abnormality of the ventricular system and delayed
      myelination in all three infants. The delay was most noticeable in the
      opticothalamic region, which was also the site of the most extensive lesions
      observed on ultrasonography. Progress in myelination was observed in the infants
      where a repeat scan was performed.

PMID- 3890766
TI  - Ceftazidime in neonatal infections.
AB  - Ninety one neonates received 108 courses of intravenous ceftazidime (25 mg/kg, 12
      hourly) over a study period of 15 months. Fourteen had clinically and
      bacteriologically proved infections. Only one of these had resistant organisms.
      Four (two with group B beta haemolytic streptococcal infections, one with
      Escherichia coli meningitis, and one with Staphylococcal aureus septicaemia)
      failed to respond despite adequate treatment. Bacteriological eradication or
      clinical improvement, or both, were obtained in the remaining nine. Routine
      biochemical and haematological values were monitored and there were no side
      effects. High serum ceftazidime concentrations, well exceeding the minimum
      inhibitory concentration for most common neonatal pathogens were obtained and
      maintained throughout treatment. Penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid was
      excellent in eight of the nine cases studied. Ceftazidime has a theoretical role
      as a broad spectrum antibiotic suitable for neonatal use with no evident side
      effects. In this study, however, it was only appropriate for Gram negative
      infections, and was ineffective against Gram positive organisms. Ceftazidime
      cannot therefore be recommended as monotherapy before the results of
      bacteriological culture are known.

PMID- 3890767
TI  - Prostacyclin in severe peripheral vascular disease.
AB  - Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2, epoprostenol sodium) arrested the progress of
      gangrene in the feet of a 6 year old boy with familial but otherwise unexplained
      peripheral vascular disease. Toe regrowth is now occurring at the line of
      demarcation.

PMID- 3890768
TI  - Septicaemic low birthweight neonates treated with human antibodies to endotoxin.
AB  - In a double blind controlled study antilipopolysaccharide gammaglobulin given
      intramuscularly did not reduce mortality in low birthweight babies suffering from
      septicaemia. It did, however, reduce the recovery period of survivors from 310 to
      120 hours.

PMID- 3890769
TI  - Sustained release theophylline in nocturnal asthma.

PMID- 3890770
TI  - Urological diagnosis in utero.

PMID- 3890771
TI  - Prostaglandins in blister fluid after contact with an irritant and contact
      allergens.

PMID- 3890772
TI  - Immunohistological detection of human malignant melanoma using monoclonal
      antibody to a melanoma-associated antigen.

PMID- 3890773
TI  - [Defining the notion of monoclonal antibodies without analysis of the production
      methods. Discussion of the value of these antibodies in the study and
      identification of lymphoid populations during rejection phenomena related to
      tissue transplantation].

PMID- 3890774
TI  - [Defining the notion of monoclonal antibodies without analysis of the production
      methods. Discussion of the value of these antibodies in the study and
      identification of lymphoid populations during rejection phenomena related to
      tissue transplantation].

PMID- 3890775
TI  - [Definition of a tumor marker. Discussion of its value and applications,
      illustrating with examples drawn from human pathology, in the diagnostic and
      prognostic approach to a tumor].

PMID- 3890776
TI  - [Discussion of the technical bases of pathology associated with chromosome
      anomalies. Discussion of their importance and significance in tumor processes].

PMID- 3890777
TI  - Characterisation of non-histone nuclear proteins cross reactive with purified
      rheumatoid factors.
AB  - In order to examine the interactions between isolated rheumatoid factors (RFs)
      and cell nuclear antigens we have prepared 10 RFs by affinity chromatography
      against IgG coupled to Sepharose. Of these, seven cross reacted with cell nuclei
      on indirect immunofluorescence. The nuclear antigen appeared to be DNA histones
      by indirect immunofluorescence on rat liver, though on immunoblotting the
      rheumatoid factors also reacted with three non-histone polypeptides which were
      identified in the soluble fraction of nuclear extracts. We were unable to show
      any relationship between these polypeptides and rheumatoid arthritis nuclear
      antigen. These reactions represent a hitherto unrecognised phenomenon, which
      extends the range of antigens recognised by rheumatoid factors. We suggest that
      the immunopathogenic significance of RFs may not be restricted to their
      reactivity with IgG, and that non-histone nuclear proteins merit further
      investigation.

PMID- 3890778
TI  - [Value of the ELISA IgG and IgM test in the diagnosis and post-therapeutic
      monitoring of kala-azar].

PMID- 3890779
TI  - [Malaria imported from Tanzania to Algeria. Apropos of a case resistant to
      chloroquine].

PMID- 3890780
TI  - The role of neurotensin in human gallbladder motility.
AB  - Gallbladder contraction in response to a fatty meal is thought to be caused by
      release of cholecystokinin (CCK). We have previously demonstrated a close
      correlation between circulating concentrations of CCK and contraction of the
      gallbladder in normal humans and in gallstone patients. Recent studies in
      animals, however, have shown that other potentially cholecystokinetic hormonal
      agents are released by a fatty meal, which suggests that other hormones may be
      involved in postprandial gallbladder contraction. Neurotensin, a 13-amino acid
      peptide, is released by fat; we have shown it to cause gallbladder contraction in
      dogs. In the present study, we measured release of neurotensin in seven normal
      adult volunteers. We determined the effects of infused neurotensin (4 pmol/kg
      min) on gallbladder contractility, measured by ultrasonography in 10 adult
      volunteers, and we evaluated release of neurotensin in eight patients with
      gallstones. After ingestion of fat, we found significant release of neurotensin
      in normal volunteers from a mean basal concentration of 15.9 +/- 3.5 pg/ml to a
      maximum of 34.7 +/- 0.2 pg/ml. In the gallstone patients after fat ingestion,
      neurotensin rose from a basal of 16.8 +/- 3.1 pg/ml to a maximum of 53.4 +/- 28.1
      pg/ml, which was a significantly greater release than in controls. Intravenous
      infusion of neurotensin produced dilatation of the gallbladder (from a mean basal
      volume of 13.7 +/- 2.3 cc to 20.0 +/- 1.8 cc). Neurotensin causes relaxation of
      the gallbladder in humans and, by contributing to stasis, may be involved in the
      formation of gallstones.

PMID- 3890782
TI  - Surgical management of symptomatic pulmonary aspergilloma.
AB  - Pulmonary aspergilloma is a potentially life-threatening disease resulting from
      the colonization of lung cavities by the ubiquitous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus.
      Complex aspergilloma, characterized by thick-walled cavities with surrounding
      parenchymal inflammation, is a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality.
      Fifteen patients with symptomatic aspergilloma underwent major thoracic
      procedures at North Carolina Memorial Hospital between January 1, 1972, and
      December 31, 1983. Twelve of the patients had hemoptysis; in 7 it was recurrent
      and in 5, life threatening. Tuberculosis and sarcoidosis were the most common
      underlying causes of lung disease, and more than half of the patients had other
      coexistent serious medical illness. Eleven of the 15 patients were seen with
      complex aspergilloma; all of the 4 major complications and the 2 deaths occurred
      in these patients. Bronchopleural fistula with persistent air space was the most
      common serious complication, and required thoracoplasty in 3 patients. Nine
      patients, including 5 with complex aspergilloma, had no postoperative
      complications, and there were no recurrent symptoms in any of the 13 operative
      survivors over a mean follow-up of five years. It is concluded that aggressive
      pulmonary resection can provide effective long-term palliation in critically ill
      patients with symptomatic pulmonary aspergilloma.

PMID- 3890783
TI  - The state of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in various clinical forms
      of hypertension in aging.
AB  - The authors' data give evidence for an early involvement of the renin-angiotensin
      aldosterone system in the hypertension pathogenesis with aging. The elderly
      patients with the systolic hypertension variant showed marked hyporeninemia and
      hyperaldosteronemia, while those with the systolic-diastolic variant displayed an
      increased or normal plasma renin activity against moderately increased
      aldosterone concentration. There was a marked increase of plasma renin activity
      in the patients with the cardiac form and a high circulating aldosterone
      concentration with the cerebral form of hypertension. The results suggest a
      certain interrelationship between the clinical picture of the disease and the
      renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The latter must be taken into consideration
      when making decisions regarding therapy and prophylaxis of hypertension.

PMID- 3890781
TI  - The Emory prospective randomized trial: selective versus nonselective shunt to
      control variceal bleeding. Ten year follow-up.
AB  - From 1971 to 1975, 55 patients with variceal bleeding secondary to cirrhosis were
      entered into a prospective randomized trial comparing distal splenorenal
      (selective) and H-graft interposition (nonselective) shunt. This 10-year follow
      up documents that selective shunt is better (p less than 0.05) in four of the
      five variables monitored. Control of bleeding: selective shunt prevented variceal
      bleeding better than interposition shunt due to the higher (0.05 less than p less
      than 0.1) occlusion rate (30%) of interposition shunt. Selective shunt maintained
      postoperative portal perfusion better (p less than 0.01) than patent
      interposition shunt. Seventy-five per cent of selective shunt survivors have
      portal perfusion at 10 years: no patient with a patent nonselective shunt
      perfuses the liver. Quantitative liver function was better preserved (p less than
      0.01) 10 years after selective shunt than nonselective shunt. Postoperative
      encephalopathy occurred in fewer (p less than 0.01) selective (27%) than
      nonselective (75%) shunt patients over the 10 years. Survival: in the randomized
      population, the improved survival in the selective shunt subgroup did not reach
      statistical significance. However, improved survival was confirmed in
      nonalcoholics. Five of eight nonalcoholics operated with selective shunt are
      alive at 10 years with patent shunts. No nonalcoholic, of seven total, operated
      with nonselective shunt survived 10 years with a patent shunt. These data show
      that selective shunt was superior to nonselective shunt. There was less
      rebleeding and encephalopathy after distal splenorenal shunt; postoperative
      portal perfusion and hepatic function were maintained.

PMID- 3890784
TI  - Comparison of the effects of verapamil and nifedipine on airway muscarinic
      reactivity and receptors.
AB  - Previous studies have shown inconsistent results of the effect of verapamil and
      nifedipine on airway reactivity. This study was undertaken to determine and
      compare their effects on the activity of airway muscarinic receptors by
      contraction experiments and by radioligand receptor binding assays. We found that
      verapamil (10(-5)-10(-4) M) reduced contraction at rat tracheal muscle to
      methacholine, a finding consistent with its inhibition on binding of (3H)QNB to
      bovine tracheal muscle membranes. Unlike verapamil, nifedipine (10(-5)-3 X 10(-5)
      M) inhibited neither methacholine response nor (3H)QNB binding. Verapamil but not
      nifedipine decreased the affinity of binding sites. Neither of them affected the
      concentration of (3H)QNB binding sites. We conclude that the effect of verapamil
      on airway muscarinic receptor binding sites differs qualitatively from that of
      nifedipine, and suggests that its effect on the binding sites could account for
      the inhibitory action of verapamil on airway muscarinic response.

PMID- 3890785
TI  - Effect of three loop diuretics and prostaglandins E2 & I2 on the isolated
      perfused rat mesenteric vasculature.
AB  - Rat superior mesenteric vascular bed was isolated, perfused by the artery with
      Krebs solution and the perfusion pressure monitored. Dose-response curves to
      noradrenaline and KCl administered as bolus doses were obtained. A 1 hr
      continuous infusion of either piretanide (10 micrograms ml-1) frusemide (40
      micrograms ml-1) or bumetanide (2 micrograms ml-1) decreased the sensitivity of
      the preparation to noradrenaline but not to KCl. This effect was antagonized by
      flurbiprofen (12 micrograms ml-1) pretreatment. A 1 hr continuous infusion of
      prostaglandin (PG)E2 increased the sensitivity of the preparation to both
      noradrenaline and KCl. PGI2 (5 ng bolus) or diuretic perfusion antagonized the
      responses to noradrenaline but not those to KCl. PGI2 and diuretics in
      combination further decreased the responsiveness of the preparation to
      noradrenaline. KCl responses were unaffected by either PGI2 or diuretics, alone
      or combined. The results suggest that the loop diuretics decrease the
      responsiveness of the isolated rat superior mesenteric vascular bed preparation
      to noradrenaline, possibly by increasing the level of PGI2, an effect which may
      be an important factor in the cardiovascular activity of the diuretics.

PMID- 3890786
TI  - High rate of long-term survival in adult acute leukemia following ten-day
      chemotherapy (OAP) induction. Maintenance with chemotherapy or chemotherapy plus
      BCG vaccine.
AB  - In this Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) study, 216 adults with acute leukemia
      were treated with ten-day chemotherapy consisting of vincristine sulfate
      (Oncovin), cytarabine (ara-C) (100 mg per square meter of body area per day by 24
      hour infusion), and prednisone (ten-day OAP). The results were compared with
      those of a previous SWOG study in which cytarabine (200 mg per square meter of
      body area per day) was given for five days (five-day OAP). Patients entering
      complete remission (CR) were given three consolidation courses of five-day OAP
      and randomized to maintenance chemotherapy alone (32 patients) or combined with
      BCG vaccine (24 patients). For 160 previously untreated patients with acute
      myelogenous leukemia, there was no difference in remission rates (53% vs 43%) or
      median survival times (48 vs 47 weeks) between ten-day and five-day OAP. The
      difference in duration of CR (74 vs 54 weeks, respectively) between the two
      maintenance arms was not statistically significant. However, 14% of evaluable
      patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and 26% of those achieving CR were alive
      and in remission more than five years.

PMID- 3890787
TI  - Streptococcal myositis.
AB  - Two patients had streptococcal myositis. Both patients developed extensive muscle
      necrosis and overwhelming sepsis after trivial skin trauma. Death occurred within
      48 hours of hospital admission despite aggressive surgical and medical treatment.
      Review of the literature is included to highlight the fulminant nature of this
      unusual infection and to contrast streptococcal myositis with other soft-tissue
      streptococcal infections.

PMID- 3890788
TI  - Cutaneous chromomycosis in renal transplant recipients. Successful management in
      two cases.
AB  - Cutaneous chromomycosis occurred in two renal transplant recipients from the
      south central United States. Both patients have been managed successfully with
      surgical excision of isolated lesions, and the condition of one of these has been
      improved but not cured with low-dose ketoconazole therapy. Even in the
      immunocompromised host, localized cutaneous chromomycosis may not require more
      aggressive systemic antifungal chemotherapy.

PMID- 3890789
TI  - A multicenter comparative trial of tobramycin and ticarcillin vs moxalactam and
      ticarcillin in febrile neutropenic patients.
AB  - During a multicenter prospective randomized trial in febrile neutropenic patients
      (neutrophil count, less than 1,000/cu mm), 103 episodes were treated with
      tobramycin sulfate plus ticarcillin disodium (TT) while 117 were treated with
      moxalactam plus ticarcillin disodium (MT). The majority of patients had an
      underlying diagnosis of leukemia (60%) and most (62.8%) had granulocyte counts of
      less than 100/cu mm at the start of therapy. The response rates for clinically or
      microbiologically documented episodes were 38 of 60 (55.1%) for TT and 38 of 64
      (59.4%) for MT. The MT regimen appeared to be more effective for gram-positive
      infections (56% vs 33%) while TT appeared more effective for gram-negative
      infections (64% vs 40%). Nephrotoxicity attributable to study drugs occurred in
      only 2.3% of cases (one on each treatment arm). Prolongation of the prothrombin
      time was observed in only six of 78 (7.7%) in the TT arm as compared with 39 of
      103 (38%) in the MT arm. Neither regimen was adequate for the unusually high
      frequency of gram-positive pathogens seen during this study.

PMID- 3890790
TI  - Captopril vs mild to moderate hypertension.

PMID- 3890792
TI  - [Development of a reproducible microtest for the determination of infectious
      units of influenza viruses].

PMID- 3890791
TI  - Ethylene formation by cultures of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Growth of Escherichia coli strain B SPAO on a medium containing glucose, NH4Cl
      and methionine resulted in production of ethylene into the culture headspace.
      When methionine was excluded from the medium there was little formation of
      ethylene. Ethylene formation in methionine-containing medium occurred for a brief
      period at the end of exponential growth. Ethylene formation was stimulated by
      increasing the medium concentration of Fe3+ when it was chelated to EDTA.
      Lowering the medium phosphate concentration also appeared to stimulate ethylene
      formation. Ethylene formation was inhibited in cultures where NH4Cl remained in
      the stationary phase. Synthesis of the ethylene-forming enzyme system was
      determined by harvesting bacteria at various stages of growth and assaying the
      capacity of the bacteria to form ethylene from methionine. Ethylene forming
      capacity was greatest in cultures harvested immediately before and during the
      period of optimal ethylene formation. It is concluded that ethylene production by
      E. coli exhibits the typical properties of secondary metabolism.

PMID- 3890793
TI  - [Modification of the level of glucose, insulin, free fatty acids and total alpha
      amino-nitrogen in the blood plasma of sheep by intravenous infusion of glucose
      and fructose solution during full feeding and following a hunger period].

PMID- 3890794
TI  - [Hydrops of the gallbladder in children].

PMID- 3890795
TI  - [Juvenile chronic arthritis. Double-blind study of the efficacy and tolerance of
      D-penicillamine].
AB  - Seventy-four children with juvenile chronic arthritis were admitted to a 6-month
      multicentric double blind comparative study of the efficiency of D-Penicillamine
      or placebo. The results evaluated in 55 patients who completed the study,
      indicated an improvement in the total number of stiff joints and in the total
      index of severity measuring joint pain and inflammation. A significant reduction
      of the concurrent use of non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs was also observed.
      The tolerance was good except in two patients. Some children in the placebo group
      exhibited a definite improvement.

PMID- 3890796
TI  - [Results of 310 cadaver kidney transplants in children and adolescents].
AB  - This study reports the results of 310 cadaver kidney transplantations in 295
      children and adolescents performed from 1973 to 1983. The actuarial survival of
      patients was 97% at one year and 92% at 5 years; that of grafts was 79% at 1 year
      and 65% at 5 years, these rates having improved during the last years. Results
      were similar and even better for the 18 second transplantations. Among the causes
      of failure, rejection comes first (65%), then thromboses of renal artery (13%)
      and relapses of oxalosis or steroid resistant nephrosis (12%). Patients with
      cytotoxic antibodies have a less good survival of grafts, especially after 5
      years. HLA A and B compatibility is a factor of success. Among complications
      hypertension is frequent, 53% of patients receiving antihypertensive treatment
      after 1 year. It is sometimes severe and was responsible for death in 5 cases.
      Growth was variable after transplantation: 25% of children before puberty had a
      catch-up curve, 25% had an unchanged growth and 50% an increased retardation. The
      average standard deviation was near zero but it was -0.49 SD/year in patients
      with creatinine level greater than or equal to 150 mumol and +0.24 SD in children
      under alternate day steroid therapy. Rehabilitation was excellent, less than 3%
      of patients not being engaged in any activity 1 year after transplantation.

PMID- 3890797
TI  - [Radiological case of the month. Mucous cystadenoma of the ovary].

PMID- 3890798
TI  - [Metabolism and function of vitamin A].

PMID- 3890799
TI  - The DSM-III personality disorders. Perspectives from psychology.
AB  - Although psychiatry and psychology have shared an interest in the classification
      of personality throughout the history of both professions, the efforts of each
      have largely been independent, with little collaboration or communication. We
      attempt to bridge this gap by describing a number of research programs in
      psychology that have implications for the psychiatric diagnosis of personality
      disorders. We discuss in particular the prototypal model of categorization, the
      use of behavioral indicators, the identification of prototypic acts, the
      aggregation of behavior across time and situations, the dimensional model of
      classification, and the interpersonal circumplex.

PMID- 3890800
TI  - Deep venous thrombosis: diagnosis in spinal cord injured patients.
AB  - Because the acute spinal cord injured patient is at high risk for the development
      of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), accurate diagnosis is critical. Clinical
      evaluation is unreliable 50% of the time, however, and the two highly accurate
      diagnostic procedures--venography and 125I-labelled fibrinogen scanning--are
      invasive and present serious drawbacks. The literature concerning the
      effectiveness of the two most widely used noninvasive diagnostic alternatives
      (Doppler ultrasound and venous occlusion plethysmography [VOP]) is equivocal. In
      our systematic evaluation of a series of 21 patients, using clinical examination,
      Doppler ultrasound and VOP, all patients who developed DVT were identified by all
      three methods. Overall accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were 100%.

PMID- 3890801
TI  - [Signal detection analysis of subjective pain evaluations in drug-stimulus
      conditions].

PMID- 3890802
TI  - [Asian psychology journals in German libraries].

PMID- 3890803
TI  - The two "faces" of Antillean prostitution.
AB  - Prostitutes who operate in the refinery town of St. Nicholas, the second largest
      urban center in Aruba, Netherlands Antilles, fall into two categories: temporary
      migrants from Colombia, who live and work for 3-month periods in the saloon-cribs
      along the main street; and permanently resident Dominican Republicans, who live
      and work in the village ghetto. The Colombians receive encomia, the Dominican
      Republicans, opprobria. In addition to addressing the differential statuses,
      prognoses, and earnings of the two groups, this paper also examines the
      historical background to the development of the differential assessments and
      offers ethnographic support for the continuation of the structural oppositions
      that separate the two groups. It is suggested that local perceptions of "other"
      people (including prostitutes) are tied to specific social and economic
      circumstances. Variables such as economic competition, ethnicity, length of
      employment in a low-status occupation, and the generally favored position
      accorded to "people like us," in contrast to the negative attitude held toward
      "people like them," are examined in terms of their relevance to the differential
      status of the two groups. It is also suggested that the underlying as well as the
      overt bases for these stereotypical ascriptions may have broader applicability:
      differential rather than unilateral assessments may indeed be the norm rather
      than a peculiarly Antillean perception.

PMID- 3890804
TI  - Restenosis following carotid endarterectomy. Evaluation by duplex
      ultrasonography.
AB  - This study evaluated the efficacy of duplex ultrasonographic scanning in
      assessing the status of carotid arteries after 155 endarterectomies in 131
      patients. Duplex studies were done as early as one month and as late as 96 months
      postoperatively; 33 patients had serial studies. Only 59 (42%) of 142 arteries
      had no evidence of irregularity or reduction in diameter at the operative site.
      An additional 41 (29%) had a reduction in diameter between 10% and 29%; 19 (13%)
      had reductions of 30% to 49%; nine (6%) from 50% to 69%; six (4%) from 70% to
      99%; and eight (6%) were occluded. In 51 vessels, angiographic studies confirmed
      the duplex findings. Symptoms suggestive of recurrent cerebrovascular disease
      occurred postoperatively in 25 instances; in only three were the anatomic
      findings suggestive of lesions appropriate to the symptoms. We conclude that
      duplex ultrasonographic scanning is a useful technique for assessing carotid
      arteries after endarterectomy and that postoperative narrowing of vessels occurs
      more commonly than suspected.

PMID- 3890805
TI  - Comparison of Biobrane and Scarlet Red dressings for treatment of donor site
      wounds.
AB  - Two methods of autograft donor site management were tested in 31 patients with
      burn injuries. Two donor sites of equivalent size were respectively covered with
      Biobrane and Scarlet Red, two commercial dressing materials available for donor
      wound coverage. Pain, the amount and type of exudate developing underneath the
      dressing, adherence, and cellulitis were evaluated on a daily basis, and healing
      time was determined. Biobrane proved superior to Scarlet Red with respect to
      control of pain, accumulation of exudate, and healing time; the materials were
      equal with regard to adherence to the wound, the character of exudate, and the
      appearance of cellulitis.

PMID- 3890806
TI  - [Death of myocardiocytes and destruction of their structures during embryonic
      histogenesis].
AB  - By means of light and electron microscopy, death of cardiomyocytes and their
      structures has been studied in the myocardium of chick (the 4th-20th days of
      incubation) and in rat (the 14th-20th days of embryogenesis) embryos. The same
      processes have been studied after a single and repeated injections of insulin and
      5-fluorauracyl to the chick embryos (into the air chamber of the egg). In the
      myocardium of the chick and rat embryos atrophy of some muscle cells takes place
      as a demonstration of histogenetic (physiological) death characterized by changes
      in nucleo- and cytoplasm according to the "dark" type. Under the effect of 5
      fluorauracyl the same type of cardiomyocyte death is observed; differences with
      the control are but quantitative ones. When the chick embryo is affected with
      cytotoxic concentrations of insulin, together with histogenetic death of the
      cardiomyocytes (the "dark" type) the death according to the "light" type also
      takes place. Under the effect of both insulin and 5-fluorauracyl the destructive
      processes in the cardiomyocytes are manifested greater than in the control. This
      is a morphological manifestation of certain disturbances in processes of
      physiological restoration at the cellular level.

PMID- 3890807
TI  - [Atherosclerotic stenosis of the coronary arteries and contraction lesions of the
      myocardium in sudden coronary death].
AB  - Hearts of 50 patients (males of 30 to 54 years) after sudden cardiac death (SCD)
      without myocardial infarction, acute or recorded in the past, were studied. Heart
      slides were stained with an iron hematoxylin; polarizing microscopy was also
      used. The surface of cardiomyocytes diffusely stained with an iron hematoxylin
      was determined in histological slides by means of a 100-points ocular mesh.
      Essential differences in the spread of contractural myocardial lesions were
      found, this likely to be bound with different mechanisms of death (ventricular
      fibrillation, asystole). A low degree of spread of these lesions was noted more
      frequently in grave stenoses (greater than 75%) of coronary arteries. A direct
      correlation between the spread of contractural lesions and renin activity in
      plasma is found.

PMID- 3890808
TI  - [Possible mechanisms of the death of cardiomyocytes].
AB  - Current concepts on the mechanisms of cardiomyocyte (CMC) alteration and death
      are reviewed basing on the author's and literature data. Degradation of the
      adenine nucleotide pool plays a principal role in the reversible damage and death
      of the CMC. The transition of the reversible changes into the irreversible ones
      is determined by the formation of structural defects in the plasmalemma.
      Ultrastructural alterative changes are somewhat specific with regard to the agent
      that caused the cell death. The following ultrastructural types of the CMC
      degeneration and death are distinguished: 1) primary ischemic type of the cell
      degeneration and death; 2) secondary calcium degeneration and death; 3) primary
      rigor type of calcium degeneration and death; 4) primary lytic type of calcium
      degeneration and death; 5) vacuolar type of calcium degeneration and death; 6)
      hypoxic variant of the primary rigor type of calcium degeneration and death; 7)
      hypoxic variant of the primary lytic type of calcium degeneration and death.

PMID- 3890809
TI  - [Use of galascorbin as a fixative of histological material for light and electron
      microscopy].
AB  - A complex of sodium salts of gallic and ascorbic acids (galascorbin) is
      recommended as an additive to the fixative for improving the quality of
      histological material fixation. Its main advantage as compared to natural tannids
      is an easiness of penetration into the depth of tissues and, in comparison to
      other fixatives (aldehydes, alcohol), a more efficient fixation and retention of
      intra- and extracellular substances in tissues. Prescriptions of the galascorbic
      fixatives for light and electron microscopy are given. A method of staining of
      preparations specifically adapted for galascorbic fixation is suggested for light
      microscopy. Methods of both fixation and staining are intended for scientific
      purposes and for use by prosectors.

PMID- 3890810
TI  - [International scientific relations in the study of the clinical aspects and
      pathology of cholera (1817-1850)].
AB  - This review deals with scientific-medical international connections mainly in the
      investigation of the pathology of cholera in the first half of the XIX century.
      The attention is drawn to the struggle between "contagionist" (materialistic) and
      "myasmatic" (idealistic) trends in the epidemiology of that time. The works of
      Russian and foreign physicians are listed which served to the approach and
      reciprocal enrichment of the medical culture in European countries. The
      investigations in the field of pathology of the Asiatic cholera during the first
      half of the XIX century were summarized in a N. I. Pirogov's comprehensive
      publication which was highly appreciated by the German pathologists R. Virchov
      and V. Grizinger. It should be emphasized that N. I. Pirogov thoroughly studied
      and summarized clinical and pathological experience of his numerous predecessors-
      Russian and foreign scientists of that time who contributed to the study of
      cholera.

PMID- 3890811
TI  - [Supplementary procedures in embedding tissues in paraffin].
AB  - Recommendations for paraffin homogenization which should preferentially be
      performed in a thermostat at 85-90 degrees C, and the methods of preparations of
      a protein-glycerol mixture are given. A simple set for a regulated heating of
      water used for paraffin section reexpansion is described.

PMID- 3890813
TI  - Neurosyphilis.
AB  - Syphilis and its consequent central nervous system sequelae remain clinical
      problems, especially when presenting in the unfamiliar acute meningeal forms of
      syphilitic meningitis and meningovascular syphilis. The diagnosis of
      neurosyphilis of all types depends on evaluation of spinal fluid reactivity as
      evidenced by pleocytosis and increased protein content with reactive serology.
      The cerebrospinal fluid is always abnormal in active disease, and only active
      disease responds to treatment. Penicillin remains the drug of choice for all
      forms of neurosyphilis, but disease progression has been frequently reported
      following the use of penicillin G benzathine. Documentation of cerebrospinal
      fluid resolution over the months following penicillin therapy is required to
      confirm curative treatment.

PMID- 3890812
TI  - Cerebral lateralization. Biological mechanisms, associations, and pathology: II.
      A hypothesis and a program for research.

PMID- 3890815
TI  - Airway obstruction in an immunosuppressed child.
AB  - Recipients of organ transplants who require continuous immunosuppression appear
      to have an increased incidence of lymphoproliferative disorders. A case of severe
      upper airway obstruction resulted from adenotonsillar hypertrophy in a 2-year-old
      girl following liver transplantation. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
      dramatically reversed the airway problem and confirmed a transplant-associated
      lymphoproliferative disorder. A generalized lymphadenopathy also regressed with
      reduction of cyclosporine immunosuppression. We urge vigilance in monitoring
      transplant recipients, particularly children, for problems of upper airway
      obstruction and advocate prompt biopsy of persistently enlarged lymphoid tissue
      in all immunosuppressed individuals who fail to respond to conventional medical
      therapy.

PMID- 3890814
TI  - Neck dissection and combined therapy. Study of effectiveness.
AB  - Data on 1,385 neck dissections in 1,192 patients were studied to evaluate the
      effectiveness of treatment with operation alone and with various forms of
      combined therapy in controlling cervical metastasis. Of the 1,192 patients, 837
      were treated by operation (neck dissection) alone, and the remainder had
      preoperative or postoperative radiation to the primary site and to the entire
      side of the neck that was dissected. In no stage of neck disease was either form
      of combined therapy superior to operation alone in decreasing the rates of
      recurrence. In an attempt to simulate a randomized, prospective study in a
      clinical situation for which the end results were already known, we used a
      separate statistical analysis--a case-control technique to specifically address
      the issue of the effectiveness of postoperative radiation in decreasing the
      frequency of recurrences after dissection in the various stages of disease. No
      evidence of a relationship between recurrence and the administration of planned
      postoperative radiation was found.

PMID- 3890816
TI  - [Pathophysiology, clinical aspects and conservative therapy of Meniere disease].

PMID- 3890817
TI  - [Surgical therapy of Meniere disease].

PMID- 3890818
TI  - Comparison of netilmicin with cefoperazone for the treatment of severe or
      complicated urinary tract infections.
AB  - A randomised trial was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of
      netilmicin and cefoperazone for the treatment of severe or complicated urinary
      tract infections. Thirty-two patients completed the study. Fifteen of 16 patients
      treated with netilmicin and nine of 16 treated with cefoperazone were cured. This
      difference was statistically significant (p = 0.037). No serious side effects or
      toxicity occurred with either drug, although five patients developed diarrhea
      after treatment with cefoperazone.

PMID- 3890819
TI  - Immunochemical detection of fecal occult blood.

PMID- 3890820
TI  - Ultrasound findings in pseudomyxoma peritonei.

PMID- 3890821
TI  - "One step forward".

PMID- 3890822
TI  - Radiology of Egyptian mummy.

PMID- 3890823
TI  - Depression in pre-pubertal, children.
AB  - Pre-pubertal depression has attracted a great deal of interest recently. The
      literature is reviewed with a particular focus on the better designed studies.
      While isolated symptoms of depression are relatively common, definite depressive
      disorder is much less prevalent. The majority of studies have focused on the most
      severely depressed subgroup of children. While effective treatment regimes are
      being developed for this small group of children, there is no evidence that such
      regimes should be applied to every depressed child. Major gaps exist in our
      knowledge of the range of depressive symptomatology in pre-pubertal children, the
      relationship of developmental factors to depressive symptoms, the reliability and
      validity of existing diagnostic tools, and the effectiveness of traditional child
      psychiatric treatment modalities for depression.

PMID- 3890824
TI  - Psychoactive substances of the South Seas: betel, kava and pituri.
AB  - Before white man brought his alcohol to the South Pacific, the indigenes were
      using many wild plants possessing psychoactive properties. The most prominent
      were betel in much of Melanesia, kava in much of Polynesia, and pituri in much of
      Australia. The use of each of these three drugs was widespread, institutionalised
      as a ritual and the occasion for extensive trade. Each was valued for its effect
      in reducing tension or in producing altered states of consciousness. Each was
      also capable of inducing intoxication. Since few physicians nowadays have had my
      opportunity to observe the use of all three of these substances, their main
      features are recalled here. Attention is paid to their traditional use and
      probable future use, to their pharmacological and clinical properties, and to
      their place in the zeitgeist of people and period. There is no indication that
      these substances will be espoused by the drug enthusiasts of the West as avidly
      as other ethno-psychopharmacological agents such as Peruvian coca leaf, the
      Indian hemp, the Asian poppy, or the American tobacco. The possibility, however,
      of some use in the West cannot be discounted.

PMID- 3890825
TI  - Pimozide treatment in disruptive severely retarded patients.
AB  - Eight severely retarded residents took part in a double blind, placebo controlled
      trial of pimozide. The drug did not alter behavioural adjustment as assessed by
      behaviour observations. However, ratings on a standardised checklist of aberrant
      behaviour showed significant drug-induced improvements on two dimensions
      (Irritability and Hyperactivity/non-compliance). Learning performance, as
      assessed by a discrimination learning task, was not affected by the drug.

PMID- 3890826
TI  - Increase of plasma renin activity in male and female rabbits subjected to
      dysbaric conditions.
AB  - The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system may be implicated in hemodynamic
      alterations occurring in dysbaric disorders. This report concerns changes in
      plasma renin activity (PRA) induced by exposure of rabbits to a compression
      decompression schedule that does not normally produce clinical manifestations of
      decompression sickness (DS). The results revealed a significant increase in PRA
      in 19 of 23 animals following dysbaric exposure. Mean PRA rose from 1.18 ng Angl
      X ml-1 X hr-1 (preexposure) to 2.40 ng Angl X ml-1 X hr-1 (postexposure). The
      increase was particularly pronounced in female animals (217%). Asymptomatic
      intravascular gas bubbles ("silent bubbles") were detected by gross or
      microscopic examination in the majority of the animals. Renin elaboration and
      secretion in asymptomatic dysbaric exposures may be mediated by bradykinin and/or
      prostaglandins released or activated in a chain reaction triggered by silent gas
      bubbles. This hypothesis is also applicable to increased PRA in altitude
      decompression. Alternatively elevation of PRA may result from decreased renal
      perfusion when dysbaric disorders are complicated by significant hypovolemia.

PMID- 3890827
TI  - An update: the flight nurse section--its past, present, and future.
AB  - The Flight Nurse Section of the Aerospace Medical Association was established on
      19 August 1963. The section began with 12 charter members headed by Chairman Pro
      Tem Col. Ethel Kovach. In 1964, the elected office of Chairman was established
      with Lt. Col. Agnes Arrington serving in this capacity. Today our membership
      totals 239. In the 21 years of its existence, many accomplishments have been
      achieved. This paper will chronologically present the history of the Flight Nurse
      Section. To determine the future, we must evaluate the present and review our
      past. The Flight Nurse Section is a vital constituent of the Aerospace Medical
      Association. We have a past to be proud of and a future to look forward to with
      great anticipation.

PMID- 3890828
TI  - Erythrocytes as carrier for therapeutic enzymes--an approach towards enzyme
      therapy of inborn errors of metabolism.

PMID- 3890829
TI  - Vitamin requirements in different clinical conditions.

PMID- 3890830
TI  - Insulin sensitivity and responsiveness of epitrochlearis and soleus muscles from
      fed and starved rats. Recognition of differential changes in insulin
      sensitivities of protein synthesis and glucose incorporation into glycogen.
AB  - The insulin sensitivity of protein synthesis and glucose incorporation into
      glycogen by the soleus and epitrochlearis muscles from fed rats and 24 h-starved
      rats was determined in vitro during the first and second hours of incubation
      after isolation of the muscles. Rates of protein synthesis by both muscles from
      fed rats in the first hour of incubation were 2-fold higher than in the second
      hour and were not increased by insulin. Rates of protein synthesis during the
      first hour in the presence of 6000 microunits of insulin/ml were increased in
      soleus, but not in epitrochlearis, muscles from starved rats. Rates of protein
      synthesis in both muscles from fed and starved rats were increased significantly
      by insulin during the second hour. High concentrations of insulin caused a marked
      stimulation of the rates of glucose incorporation by both muscles from fed and
      starved rats in both the first and second hours of incubation. The insulin
      sensitivity of glucose incorporation during the second hour, defined as the
      concentration of insulin causing half-maximal stimulation, was increased 10-fold
      for both muscle types from starved rats (soleus, 65 microunits/ml;
      epitrochlearis, 45 microunits/ml) relative to muscles from fed rats (soleus, 600
      microunits/ml; epitrochlearis, 500 microunits/m). The insulin sensitivity of
      protein synthesis in the second hour was greater for soleus muscles from starved
      rats (65 microunits/ml) than from fed rats (500 microunits/ml). In contrast, the
      insulin sensitivity of protein synthesis in epitrochlearis muscles from starved
      rats was significantly decreased (225 microunits/ml) compared with fed rats (25
      microunits/ml Maximal rates achieved by high concentrations of insulin were not
      different from those in the same muscle from fed rats. It is suggested that
      protein synthesis, in distinction to glucose utilization, may be resistant to
      insulin stimulation during periods of acute starvation in muscles with fibre
      compositions similar to the epitrochlearis, but not in muscles with fibre
      compositions similar to the soleus. Partial reversal of the resistance observed
      in vitro for epitrochlearis muscles from starved rats may be due to the loss of
      factors which suppress the effect of insulin in vivo.

PMID- 3890831
TI  - A general framework of cysteine-proteinase mechanism deduced from studies on
      enzymes with structurally different analogous catalytic-site residues Asp-158 and
      -161 (papain and actinidin), Gly-196 (cathepsin B) and Asn-165 (cathepsin H).
      Kinetic studies up to pH 8 of the hydrolysis of N-alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L
      arginyl-L-arginine 2-naphthylamide catalysed by cathepsin B and of L-arginine 2
      naphthylamide catalysed by cathepsin H.
AB  - The pH-dependences of kcat, Km and kcat./Km for the hydrolysis at 25 degrees C at
      I 0.1 of L-arginine 2-naphthylamide catalysed by cathepsin H from bovine spleen
      were determined in the pH range approx. 4-8. The pH-dependences of these kinetic
      parameters were determined also for the hydrolysis at 25 degrees C at I 0.1 of N
      alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-arginyl-L-arginine 2-naphthylamide catalysed by
      cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) from bovine spleen in the pH range 7-8, which extends
      the studies in acidic media reported by Willenbrock & Brocklehurst [(1984)
      Biochem. J. 222, 805-814]. These results are discussed and related to those from
      the reactivity-probe kinetics reported in the preceding paper [Willenbrock &
      Brocklehurst (1985) Biochem. J. 227, 511-519] and to known structural features
      present in rat liver cathepsins B and H and in papain (EC 3.4.22.2) and actinidin
      (EC 3.4.22.14). Consideration of the kinetic data leads to the suggestion that in
      the cysteine proteinases rearrangement of intimate S-/ImH+ ion-pairs in catalytic
      sites is brought about by a combination of field effects in the immediate
      vicinity of the ion-pair and consequences of protonic dissociation of a group
      with pKa 5-6 remote from the catalytic site. The contributions of the two types
      of effect seem to differ from enzyme to enzyme. Of the four cysteine proteinases
      considered, only cathepsin B exerts an absolute requirement for the proton
      deficient form of a group with pKa 5-6 for catalytic activity. Protonic
      dissociation with pKa 5-6 enhances catalytic activity in cathepsin H and in
      actinidin and appears to have little or no effect in papain. Only cathepsin B
      lacks a polar or negatively charged side chain in the residue analogous to Asp
      158 in papain, and this is suggested to account for its total dependence on a
      protonic dissociation remote from the catalytic site.

PMID- 3890832
TI  - Kinetic studies with the low-Km aldehyde reductase from ox brain.
AB  - Initial-rate studies of the low-Km aldehyde reductase-catalysed reduction of
      pyridine-3-aldehyde by NADPH gave families of parallel double-reciprocal plots,
      consistent with a double-displacement mechanism being obeyed. Studies on the
      variation of the initial velocity with the concentration of a mixture of the two
      substrates were also consistent with a double-displacement mechanism. In
      contrast, the initial-rate data indicated that a sequential mechanism was
      followed when NADH was used as the coenzyme. Product-inhibition studies, however,
      indicated that a compulsory-order mechanism was followed in which NADPH bound
      before pyridine-3-aldehyde with a ternary complex being formed and the release of
      pyrid-3-ylcarbinol before NADP+. The apparently parallel double-reciprocal plots
      obtained in the initial-rate studies with NADPH and pyridine-3-aldehyde were thus
      attributed to the apparent dissociation constant for the binary complex between
      the enzyme and coenzyme being finite but very low.

PMID- 3890833
TI  - Membrane-bound lactate dehydrogenases and mandelate dehydrogenases of
      Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Location and regulation of expression.
AB  - Acinetobacter calcoaceticus possesses an L(+)-lactate dehydrogenase and a D(-)
      lactate dehydrogenase. Results of experiments in which enzyme activities were
      measured after growth of bacteria in different media indicated that the two
      enzymes were co-ordinately induced by either enantiomer of lactate but not by
      pyruvate, and repressed by succinate or L-glutamate. The two lactate
      dehydrogenases have very similar properties to L(+)-mandelate dehydrogenase and
      D(-)-mandelate dehydrogenase. All four enzymes are NAD(P)-independent and were
      found to be integral components of the cytoplasmic membrane. The enzymes could be
      solubilized in active form by detergents; Triton X-100 or Lubrol PX were
      particularly effective D(-)-Lactate dehydrogenase and D(-)-mandelate
      dehydrogenase could be selectively solubilized by the ionic detergents cholate,
      deoxycholate and sodium dodecyl sulphate.

PMID- 3890834
TI  - The digitonin-permeabilized pancreatic islet model. Effect of myo-inositol 1,4,5
      trisphosphate on Ca2+ mobilization.
AB  - Glucose-induced insulin secretion is thought to be mediated by submicromolar
      increases in intracellular Ca2+, although the intracellular processes are not
      well understood. We have used the previously characterized digitonin
      permeabilized insulin-secreting pancreatic islet model to study the role of myo
      inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), a putative second messenger for mobilization
      of intracellular Ca2+. Ca2+ efflux from the endoplasmic reticulum was studied
      with or without vanadate present to inhibit Ca2+ reuptake. IP3 (10 microM), at a
      free Ca2+ level of 0.06 microM, increased Ca2+ release by 30% and, when vanadate
      was present, by 50%. Maximal and half-maximal Ca2+ release was observed at 10
      microM- and 2.5 microM-IP3, respectively. IP3 provoked a rapid release that was
      followed by slow reuptake. Reuptake was diminished in the presence of vanadate.
      Inositol 1,4-bisphosphate, inositol 1-phosphate and other phosphoinositide
      metabolites did not have any significant effect. Because increases in Ca2+ levels
      in the submicromolar range have been previously shown to induce insulin release
      in digitonin-permeabilized islets, our results are consistent with the concept of
      IP3 serving as a second messenger for insulin secretion.

PMID- 3890835
TI  - The fusion of myoblasts.

PMID- 3890836
TI  - A method to quantify glucose utilization in vivo in skeletal muscle and white
      adipose tissue of the anaesthetized rat.
AB  - A quantitative method allowing determination of glucose metabolism in vivo in
      muscles and white adipose tissue of the anaesthetized rat is presented. A tracer
      dose of 2-deoxy[3H]glucose was injected intravenously in an anaesthetized rat and
      the concentration of 2-deoxy[3H]glucose was monitored in arterial blood. After 30
      80 min, three muscles, the soleus, the extensor digitorum longus and the
      epitrochlearis, periovarian white adipose tissue and brain were sampled and
      analysed for their content of 2-deoxy[3H]glucose 6-phosphate. This content could
      be related to glucose utilization during the same time period, since (1) the
      integral of the decrease of 2-deoxy[3H]glucose in arterial blood was known and
      (2) correction factors for the analogue effect of 2-deoxyglucose compared with
      glucose in the transport and phosphorylation steps were determined from
      experiments in vitro. Glucose utilization was then measured by this technique in
      the tissues of post-absorptive rats in the basal state (0.1 munit of insulin/ml
      of plasma) or during euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp (8 munits of
      insulin/ml of plasma) and of 48 h-starved rats. Results corresponded
      qualitatively and quantitatively to the known physiological characteristics of
      the tissues studied.

PMID- 3890837
TI  - An immunoradiometric assay for endopeptidase-24.11 shows it to be a widely
      distributed enzyme in pig tissues.
AB  - An immunoradiometric assay for endopeptidase-24.11, which depended on the
      absorption by tissues of a monoclonal antibody, GK7C2, was established. The
      optimum conditions for the assay were defined and its correlation with an enzymic
      assay determined. The immunoassay was used to survey the endopeptidase in crude
      homogenates of various tissues of the pig. Detergent treatment decreased the
      sensitivity of the assay but did not invalidate it. Although the endopeptidase
      was found in many tissues, it was neither uniformly nor ubiquitously distributed.
      Kidney cortex was confirmed as the major location of the endopeptidase,
      containing 5000 ng/mg of protein. Lymph nodes were also very active (1370 ng/mg),
      followed by chondrocytes from articular cartilage (650 ng/mg). In the gut, the
      endopeptidase was concentrated mainly in the jejunum (130 ng/mg). Various glands
      (salivary, adrenal, anterior pituitary and pancreas) also contained the antigen
      in the range 20-55 ng/mg of protein. Lung contained only 5 ng/mg of protein and,
      in other tissues examined, little or none was detectable. In particular, other
      lymphoid tissues (spleen, thymus, tonsillar tissues) were relatively poor
      sources, and none was detectable in peripheral-blood leucocytes or in peritoneal
      macrophages.

PMID- 3890838
TI  - Degradation of endocytosed insulin in rat liver is mediated by low-density
      vesicles.
AB  - Uptake of 125I-insulin by the liver of intact rats is followed by rapid
      translocation of label to low-density vesicles. Subcellular-fractionation studies
      indicate that, although the 125I associated with these vesicles is predominantly
      trichloroacetic acid-precipitable, there is an acid-soluble component arising
      from processing of the hormone in vivo. H.p.l.c. analysis indicates that the acid
      precipitable 125I is not intact iodoinsulin, but may correspond to 'clipped
      insulin'. Isolated low-density vesicles degrade the acid-precipitable iodopeptide
      intravesicularly when incubated at 37 degrees C in iso-osmotic medium at pH7. The
      rate constant for intravesicular degradation is consistent with the rate of
      insulin clearance by the liver in vivo. Pretreatment of the rats with chloroquine
      resulted in a decrease in proteolysis of the iodopeptide within the isolated
      vesicles.

PMID- 3890839
TI  - Purification and characterization of a multicatalytic high-molecular-mass
      proteinase from rat skeletal muscle.
AB  - A proteolytic enzyme was purified from the post-myofibrillar fraction of rat
      skeletal muscle. The purification procedure consisted of fractionation of the
      muscle extract by (NH4)2SO4, chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, fast protein liquid
      chromatography on Mono Q and gel filtration on Sepharose 6B. The enzyme
      preparation appeared to be homogeneous as judged by disc electrophoresis in
      polyacrylamide gels and by immunoelectrophoresis. The isoelectric point of the
      proteinase is at 5.1-5.2. The enzyme has an Mr of about 650 000 and dissociates
      into eight subunits of Mr 25 000-32 000 when subjected to electrophoresis in
      sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels. The proteinase contains hydrolytic
      activity against N-blocked tripeptide 4-methyl-7-coumarylamide substrates with an
      arginine or phenylalanine residue adjacent to the leaving group. Maximum activity
      with the first group of substrates was at pH 10.5, and this activity was
      inhibited by leupeptin, chymostatin and Ca2+. Maximum activity with the latter
      group of substrates was at pH 7.5, and was also inhibited by the two microbial
      inhibitors, but was activated by Ca2+ ions. By using [14C]methylcasein as a
      substrate, maximum activity was observed at pH9.0, and this proteolytic activity
      was not affected by leupeptin, was enhanced by chymostatin and inhibited by Ca2+.
      Similar effects were observed when benzyloxycarbonyl-Leu-Leu-Glu 2-naphthylamide
      was used as a substrate. These enzymic activities were abolished by p
      hydroxymercuribenzenesulphonic acid or mersalyl acid, whereas a small activation
      was observed with cysteine or dithiothreitol.

PMID- 3890840
TI  - Activation of the multicatalytic proteinase from rat skeletal muscle by fatty
      acids or sodium dodecyl sulphate.
AB  - A multicatalytic proteinase from rat skeletal muscle contains active site(s)
      catalysing the degradation of benzoyl-Val-Gly-Arg 4-methyl-7-coumarylamide,
      succinyl-Ala-Ala-Phe 4-methylcoumarylamide and [14C]methylcasein as well as
      benzyloxy-carbonyl-Leu-Leu-Glu 2-naphthylamide. These activities are 7-14-fold
      activated by 1 mM-sodium dodecyl sulphate. The activation leads to a higher
      susceptibility to the proteinase inhibitor chymostatin and to a lower ability to
      be inhibited and precipitated by antibodies raised against the non-activated
      enzyme. Since no changes in Mr or subunit composition were observed in the SDS
      activated form, some conformational changes seem to occur during the activation
      step. More pronounced activation was observed in the presence of physiological
      concentrations of fatty acids; oleic acid at 100 microM concentrations stimulated
      the proteinase about 50-fold. In contrast with the non-activated proteinase, the
      activated enzyme considerably degrades muscle cytoplasmic proteins in vitro. Thus
      it is not unlikely that, in vivo, potential activators such as fatty acids can
      induce the multicatalytic proteinase to participate in muscle protein breakdown.

PMID- 3890841
TI  - Purification and characterization of a saliva-interacting cell-wall protein from
      Streptococcus mutans serotype f by using monoclonal-antibody immunoaffinity
      chromatography.
AB  - A rat monoclonal antibody, LO SM2, of the immunoglobulin M class, specific for a
      saliva receptor (SR) from Streptococcus mutans serotype f, was able to
      precipitate the SR from crude cell-wall-associated antigens (WEA) of this
      bacteria in presence of a detergent mixture. We have then used the technique of
      monoclonal-antibody immunoaffinity chromatography to purify the S. mutans SR.
      Pure SR was obtained from a crude WEA fraction with a single chromatographic
      step. The active SR could be eluted from the column in a highly purified form
      with 0.2 M-glycine/HC1, pH 2.8. The final yield was about 32% in terms of binding
      activity. Characterization of the SR by crossed immunoelectrophoresis, sodium
      dodecyl sulphate- or 4-30%-native-gradient-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis
      showed that the receptor is a single polypeptide chain of Mr approx. 74000.
      Native or denaturated forms of the SR adsorbed on to a solid support, such as
      nitrocellulose, are recognized by monoclonal antibody LO SM2, and both forms are
      still able to bind the ligand, saliva.

PMID- 3890843
TI  - Dr. Samuel P. Bessman.

PMID- 3890842
TI  - Specific antibodies to PAS IV, a glycoprotein of bovine milk-fat-globule
      membrane, bind to a similar protein in cardiac endothelial cells and epithelial
      cells of lung bronchioles.
AB  - We recently described the tissue distribution of PAS IV (periodic acid/Schiff
      positive Band IV), a hydrophobic glycoprotein isolated from bovine milk-fat
      globule membrane [Greenwalt & Mather (1985) J. Cell Biol. 100, 397-408]. By using
      immunofluorescence techniques, PAS IV was detected in mammary epithelial cells,
      the bronchiolar epithelium of lung, and the capillary endothelium of several
      tissues, including heart, salivary gland, pancreas, spleen and intestine. In the
      present paper we describe the specificity of the antibodies used for these
      studies. Two monoclonal antibodies, E-1 and E-3, were shown by solid-phase
      immunoassay and immunoaffinity chromatography to be specific for PAS IV (of Mr
      76000) in milk-fat-globule membrane and recognize a glycoprotein of slightly
      higher Mr (85000) in heart. Affinity-purified rabbit antibodies to PAS IV were
      also shown to recognize components of Mr 76000 and 85000 in fat-globule membrane
      and heart respectively, by using immunoblotting procedures after sodium dodecyl
      sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Additionally, an immunoreactive
      protein in lung of Mr 85000 was detected. Despite these differences in molecular
      size, the fat-globule membrane and heart forms of PAS IV were shown to be very
      similar by peptide-mapping techniques. The possible significance of the
      expression of similar forms of PAS IV in both epithelial and capillary
      endothelial cells is briefly discussed.

PMID- 3890844
TI  - The history of the United States Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and the development
      of medicine.
AB  - The future role of pharmacologists in the evaluation of drugs will increase as
      scientific knowledge and our understanding of drugs and disease processes
      increase. In addition, political issues and public fears will place further
      demands on the scientific community to try to influence the drug regulatory
      process. The FDA continually issues directives which guide all phases of drug
      development, from the identification of a chemical as being of potential interest
      on therapy, through all animal tests and clinical phases (4).

PMID- 3890845
TI  - [The kinetics of hydrolysis of alanine peptide esters and -p-nitroanilides by
      thermitase, a thermostable serine protease from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris:
      secondary specificity, influence of temperature and solute].
AB  - The kinetic parameters Km and kcat and the resulting proteolytic coefficients
      kcat/Km for the hydrolysis of blocked alanine peptide esters (X(Ala)nOMe) and -p
      nitroanilides (X(Ala)n-pNA) of variable length (n = 1 to 5 alanine residues) by
      the cationic, microbial serine protease thermitase are determined in order to
      delineate the number of subsites involved in catalysis. Thermitase has at least
      five secondary subsites (S1 to S5) being hydrophobic in S1 to S4. Arrhenius plots
      for both, esterase and amidase activity were biphasic with a break at 30 degrees
      C, followed by a downward bend. The influence of dimethylformamide, solute for
      many substrates, on the thermitase-catalyzed esterolysis of Z(Ala)2OMe was also
      investigated. In contrast to the kcat values being unaffected by 5 to 30%
      dimethylformamide, the Km values increased logarithmically with enhancing its
      concentration.

PMID- 3890846
TI  - Satietin, a blood-borne, highly selective and potent anorectic glycoprotein.
AB  - Satietin, a 50 000 dalton anorectic glycoprotein, was isolated from human serum.
      Its isoelectric point is 7.0. It contains 14-15% amino acids and 70-75%
      carbohydrates. Its biological activity survives digestion with proteases and
      boiling. Satietin is a highly potent anorectic substance. The
      intracerebroventricular administration of 10-20 micrograms satietin suppresses
      food intake in rats during the first day of feeding after deprivation of food for
      96 h to half of the amount eaten by untreated controls (ID50). The onset of the
      effect can be detected within 30 min, the peak effect is reached within an hour.
      The effect lasts 24-30 h. Satietin acts both at intravenous and subcutaneous
      administration (ID50 = 0.5-0.75 mg/kg) to rats deprived of food for 96 h. The
      peak effect is reached within an hour and lasts over 24 h. In contrast to the
      anorectic drugs in clinical use and to the endogenous anorectic substances (like
      cholecystokinin and calcitonin), satietin proved to be highly selective in
      suppressing food intake. Considering that satietin is widely distributed in the
      world of vertebrates, its concentration in the blood is amazingly high, its site
      of effect is in the central nervous system and it induces satiety without having
      any other detectable central or peripheral effect, the hypothesis was put forward
      that satietin may play the role of a rate limiting blood-borne satiety signal in
      the negative feed-back of food intake, i.e. serving as the essential chemical
      link connecting the gastrointestinal tract and the brain in the regulation of
      feeding.

PMID- 3890847
TI  - [Regulation mechanisms of the endoplasmic cytochrome P-450 systems of the liver].
AB  - Regulation mechanisms of the cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase from the
      hepatic endoplasmic reticulum at 3 different integrational levels are discussed.
      At the molecular level the activity of the system is regulated by a substrate
      dependent shift of an equilibrium of cytochrome P-450 spin conformers in favour
      of the high spin component. A correlation between the extent of the spin shift,
      the reduction rate and the substrate turnover has been evidenced. The regulation
      at the membrane level is based on interactions between the 3 essential components
      of the system: cytochrome P-450, reductase and lipid. The formation of the
      cytochrome P-450-reductase-complex necessary for oxygen activation by transfer of
      electrons is dependent on the charge of the phospholipids. The binding constant
      of the donor-acceptor complex increases with the acidity of the phospholipid head
      group, thus enhancing the velocity of the electron transfer.

PMID- 3890848
TI  - [The antihypertensive effect of saralasin in rabbits with neurogenic
      interoreceptive hypertension].
AB  - The renal nerve activity plays an essential role in the stimulation of plasma
      renin activity (PRA), which may be involved in the pathomechanism of neurogenic
      hypertension after sino-aortic denervation (SAD). Therefore, studies were
      conducted on unanesthetized rabbits (10 animals; 3-4 kg) after bilateral carotid
      sinus denervation plus section of cervical aortic nerves and the patterns of
      blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and PRA were measured after a single
      injection-dosis of Saralasin (i.v., 10 micrograms/kg). After SAD the BP increased
      rapidly to 190 mm Hg within one week and remained at this high level (190-220 mm
      Hg) throughout the whole experiment (120 weeks). No change in BP of control
      rabbits (100-110 mm Hg) could be observed. Two weeks after SAD, the PRA showed a
      short elevation (approx. 25 ng) which subsequently returned to the levels of
      control rabbits (approx. 19 ng). Only in hypertensive rabbits Saralasin produced
      a short decrease of BP during both the initial and the whole chronic phases of
      hypertension, which was associated with a larger decrease of HR (1st to 5th min).
      Surprisingly, Saralasin induced a drop of HR also in the control rabbits. Our
      results suggest that also the normalized renin-angiotensin system is involved in
      the pathomechanism of sympathetic induced SAD-hypertension and probable
      permanently support the chronic state of hypertension by a relative "reninism".

PMID- 3890849
TI  - A new serine protease which preferentially recognizes p-guanidino-L-phenylalanyl
      residue in ascitic plasma from Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice.
AB  - A new enzyme which hydrolyzes anilide substrates of p-guanidino-L-phenylalanine
      in preference to those of arginine was found in the ascitic plasma from Ehrlich
      ascites tumor-bearing mice. The activity of this enzyme on N alpha
      benzyloxycarbonyl-p-guanidino-L-phenylalanine p-nitroanilide was strongly
      inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride but
      not by sulfhydryl-reactive reagents and metal chelating agents. Peptide
      substrates containing p-guanidino-L-phenylalanine were hydrolyzed by this enzyme
      much faster than those containing arginine. These results suggest that this
      enzyme is a different type of serine protease from trypsin and thrombin. This
      enzyme was also found in the human gastric and colon cancer cells and their
      surrounding ascitic plasmas.

PMID- 3890850
TI  - The phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate enhances the long-term
      maintenance of pancreatic islet B cell differentiated function in tissue culture.
AB  - A study was undertaken to examine the effects of the tumor-promoting phorbol
      ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, on pancreatic islet B cell
      differentiated function and number. Islets from 3-day-old rats were maintained in
      tissue culture for up to 30 days with or without the addition of the phorbol
      ester. Changes in the insulin content of the media and tissue were determined at
      48 hr and weekly intervals, respectively, using radioimmunoassay. The 30-day
      cumulative output of insulin into the medium was increased almost 2-fold and the
      tissue insulin content was increased 4-fold by the phorbol ester. Counts of cell
      smears processed for the immunocytochemical localization of insulin indicated no
      effect on the total numbers of B cells or non-B cells in either control or
      treated cultures. This enhanced maintenance of islet B cell differentiated
      function by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate suggests that pancreatic islets
      may be a useful model with which to study the mechanisms of action of this and
      other tumor-promoters.

PMID- 3890851
TI  - Insulin-like stimulation of glucose transport in isolated adipocytes by fatty
      acids.
AB  - Glucose transport rate as assessed with the 3-0-Methylglucose method was
      significantly increased in adipocytes preincubated with aliphatic carboxylic
      acids. The magnitude of stimulation apparently depended on the chain length of
      the carboxylic acid, and was highest with palmitic acid (130%). The stimulation
      was additive to the effect of insulin, and reflected a decrease of km rather than
      an increase in vmax of the transport rate. The results suggest that fatty acids
      may modulate the activity of the glucose transporter, providing an insulin
      dependent supply of adipose tissue with glycerol-phosphate during lipolysis for
      reesterification of excess fatty acids. Further, it is suggested that fatty acids
      mediate the stimulatory effect of catecholamines on glucose transport as observed
      in isolated fat cells.

PMID- 3890852
TI  - Conformational change of DNA binding subunit of RNA polymerase II on binding to
      DNA.
AB  - The spatial arrangement of the subunits of RNA polymerase II from Ehrlich ascites
      tumor cells was investigated by measuring the sensitivity of each subunit in the
      native enzyme to various proteinases. The results showed that the largest two
      subunits (a and b) were sensitive to all the proteinases tested, whereas two
      smaller subunits (e and h) were resistant to these enzymes. These results suggest
      that in the native enzyme subunits e and h are located in the inside of RNA
      polymerase II, forming a core. It was also found that the conformation of the DNA
      binding subunit a changes when the enzyme binds to DNA, and it becomes much more
      susceptible to chymotryptic digestion.

PMID- 3890853
TI  - Normal hepatic insulin receptor autophosphorylation in nonketotic diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - Insulin receptor autophosphorylation is the earliest recognizable event in
      insulin action subsequent to insulin binding. To determine if the postbinding
      hepatic insulin resistance of nonketotic diabetes mellitus could reside in an
      inability of insulin to stimulate insulin receptor autophosphorylation, we
      evaluated the ability of insulin to stimulate 32P incorporation into the beta
      subunit of lectin-purified rat liver plasma membrane insulin receptors. The data
      indicate that both the absolute plasma membrane insulin receptor
      autophosphorylation in response to insulin as well as the insulin dose-response
      relationship for autophosphorylation are normal in diabetic animals when
      expressed per microgram of protein or per unit of binding activity. The previous
      data from our laboratory indicates that hepatic insulin resistance in non-ketotic
      streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus is present despite normal to increased
      insulin binding, is selective, is reversible with insulin treatment and involves
      an inability of insulin to stimulate the release of the putative mediator of
      insulin action. We conclude, therefore, that the hepatic insulin resistance of
      nonketotic diabetes mellitus resides distal to insulin receptor binding and
      autophosphorylation and is reflected in metabolic events at or near the plasma
      membrane which may include the generation or release of the putative mediator of
      insulin action.

PMID- 3890854
TI  - Stabilization of the adenylate energy charge by the depletion of adenylates
      without glycolytic stimulation.
AB  - A relationship between the AMP deaminase reaction and the recovery of the energy
      charge was examined using permeabilized yeast cells. Citrate inhibited the
      glycolytic flux and the recovery of the energy charge. The addition of spermine
      enhanced the recovery of the energy charge without the reversal of the inhibition
      of glycolysis in the presence of excess citrate. The AMP deaminase reaction can
      participate in the stabilization of the energy charge only by the depletion of
      total adenylates, and not by the glycolytic stimulation under the conditions
      where citrate is highly increased during aerobic growth conditions.

PMID- 3890855
TI  - Variables that regulate production of insulin-like peptide(s) in human leukemia
      cell line (HL-60).
AB  - A human myeloid leukemia cell line (HL-60) produces a peptide or peptides with
      insulin-like activity which is distinct from insulin or insulin-like growth
      factors (somatomedins). Factors regulating the production of this peptide (HL
      ILP) were explored in the present study. The production of HL-ILP was maximal in
      the early log phase of cell growth and declined with increasing cell density.
      Differentiation of HL-60 cells to macrophages, induced by dihydroxyvitamin D3 or
      phorbol esters, was also associated with a decrease in HL-ILP production. Glucose
      consumption by the cells in the early log phase was closely related with HL-ILP
      production, and HL-ILP was found to stimulate glucose consumption by HL-60 cells.
      Production of HL-ILP was dependent on glucose concentrations in the culture
      medium and glucose concentrations higher than 1mg/d1 suppressed the release of HL
      ILP. These observations are not inconsistent with a hypothesis that HL-ILP is
      involved in the glucose metabolism of the HL-60 cells that produce this peptide.

PMID- 3890856
TI  - Presence of an activator of pyruvate dehydrogenase in human circulation:
      elevation following a glucose load and possible relation to an insulin mediator.
AB  - Our earlier observation that the chemical mediator of insulin action stimulates
      lipid synthesis in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes prompted us to examine its
      presence in human serum and its regulation by changes in insulin levels. Serum
      samples were obtained from normal subjects following an oral 100 gm glucose
      tolerance test (GTT; n = 10). An acid soluble, heat stable and charcoal non
      absorbable substance was extracted from different sera and tested for their
      ability to stimulate liver mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). This
      substance obtained from GTT samples at 1/1000 final dilution caused significantly
      higher stimulation of PDH when compared to that obtained from fasting samples.
      These results demonstrate the presence of an activator of PDH (molecular weight
      approximately 1000-2000) in human circulation. Since the activator of PDH is
      modulated by physiological perturbation such as oral glucose ingestion, known to
      cause changes in circulating insulin levels, it may possibly be related to
      insulin mediator.

PMID- 3890857
TI  - The effect of tryptase from human mast cells on human prekallikrein.
AB  - Tryptase, the dominant protease in human mast cells, was examined for its effect
      on human prekallikrein. Tryptase in the presence and absence of heparin failed to
      activate prekallikrein as shown in a spectrophotometric assay for kallikrein
      employing benzoy 1-pro-phe-arg-p-nitroanilide. Treated prekallikrein was
      converted to active kallikrein by bovine trypsin. Prekallikrein cleavage products
      were analyzed by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels under denaturing
      conditions (+/- reduction). Tryptase caused no apparent cleavage under conditions
      where trypsin caused complete cleavage. Thus, tryptase, which has previously been
      shown to lack kallikrein and kininase activities, neither activates nor destroys
      prekallikrein.

PMID- 3890858
TI  - Effects of retinoids on growth and dissemination of malignant tumours:
      immunological considerations.

PMID- 3890859
TI  - Effects of common carotid artery damage on anti-platelet-aggregability and PGI2
      production in rats.
AB  - The effects of vascular damage on platelet function were investigated in rats.
      Common carotid artery specimens 4 mm in length were dissected from male Wistar
      rats and exposed to ultrasonic treatment or rubbing of the intimal surface. In
      some cases, carotis was dissected after ligation for 4 hr. The specimens were
      fixed on a stirring bar and agitated in platelet-rich plasma added with ADP.
      After determining platelet aggregability, the plasma was subjected to
      radioimmunoassay for 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-K-PGF1 alpha). Anti
      platelet-aggregability in the arterial specimens was significantly greater in the
      sonicated, rubbed or ligated specimens than in the intact group, probably due to
      the effect of prostacyclin (PGI2). The measurement of 6-K-PGF1 alpha levels
      yielded similar results. Endogenous arachidonic acid in the vessel wall seems to
      be utilized in the production of PGI2, which probably acts only on local
      platelets. The findings indicate the presence of a mechanism that inhibits the
      formation of platelet thrombi by the accelerated production of PGI2 under
      conditions favorable for the generation of thrombosis.

PMID- 3890860
TI  - Arsene Jacques d'Arsonval: a brief history.

PMID- 3890861
TI  - [E. coli DNA polymerase. A study of the mechanism of primer binding using
      oligothymidylate analogs with ethylated internucleotide phosphate groups].
AB  - The following individual diastereomers of oligothymidylate ethyl esters (the
      alkyl phosphodiester group is asymmetric with R or S configuration) have been
      prepared: d[(Tr)8Tp'(Et)T] (I), d[(Tp)8Tp''(Et)T] (II), d[(Tp)8Tp'(Et)TpT] (III),
      d[(Tp)8Tp'' X (Et)TpT] (IV). A totally esterified analogue d[[(Tp(Et)7]T] (V) was
      obtained as a diastereomeric mixture. All oligothymidylate derivatives revealed
      substrate activity as primers of DNA polymerase with poly(dA) as a template. The
      values of the maximal reaction rates were equal to 14; 2,6; 68; 24 and 0,1% for
      oligothymidylates (I)-(V) with respect to Vm value (100%) for (Tp)9T. Km values
      of oligothymidylates (I)-(V), 2,7; 2,5; 0,51; 7,2 microM, were obtained in
      relation to Km for d[(Tp)9T] (0,4 microM). Diastereomers (I) and (II) were not
      destroyed by Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I which has only 3'----5'
      exonuclease activity. However, these derivatives were hydrolyzed by complete DNA
      polymerase I due to its 5'----3' exonuclease activity, the reaction rate being 3
      10 times lower than in case of d[(Tp)9T]. The data suggest an essential
      contribution to the primer binding from the positive enzyme group interaction
      with the 3'-end negatively charged phosphate group of oligonucleotide, together
      with the primer complementary interaction with the template. At least two
      phosphodiester groups of the oligonucleotide primer are essential for the
      reaction of polymerization following the correct binding.

PMID- 3890862
TI  - [Primary structure of 20S,22R-cholesterol-hydroxylating cytochrome P-450 from
      bovine adrenal cortex mitochondria. Study of the structure of peptides obtained
      by hydrolysis of fragment F1 with proteinase from Staphylococcus aureus].
AB  - The fragment F1 resulting from the limited tryptic hydrolysis of the native
      molecule of cytochrome P-450 has been digested with Staphylococcus aureus
      protease. 24 peptides, covering the whole polypeptide chain of fragment F1, are
      isolated from the hydrolysate. Analysis of their amino acid sequence in
      combination with the earlier data on the structure of cytochrome P-450
      chymotryptic peptides and fragment F1 tryptic peptides permitted to carry out a
      reconstruction of large peptide blocks of fragment F1 that comprise 252 amino
      acid residues.

PMID- 3890863
TI  - [Topography of cysteine residues in DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase].
AB  - Chemical modification of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase with monoiod-[14C]acetic
      acid and N-[14C]ethylmaleimide has been carried out and position of superficial
      and functionally important as well as enzymatically non-significant, exposed
      cysteine residues have been localised in the enzyme. Topography of cysteine
      residues in the RNA-polymerase alpha-subunit is thoroughly studied. The results
      are summarized in a model.

PMID- 3890864
TI  - Nifedipine and esophageal dysfunction in progressive systemic sclerosis. A
      controlled manometric study.
AB  - We evaluated the effect of the calcium channel blocking agent, nifedipine, on
      esophageal dysfunction in 15 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis, using
      a double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled manometric study.
      Nifedipine significantly decreased lower esophageal sphincter pressure in these
      patients; this reduced lower esophageal sphincter pressure may cause
      gastroesophageal reflux. Thus, nifedipine may have detrimental effects on
      progressive systemic sclerosis patients.

PMID- 3890865
TI  - Induction of chronic polyarthritis in rabbits by hyperimmunization with
      Escherichia coli. I. Pathologic and serologic features in two breeds of rabbits.
AB  - Hyperimmunization of 147 rabbits (outbred Japanese white rabbits and New Zealand
      white [NZW] rabbits bred in a closed colony) with heat-killed Escherichia coli
      0:14 in Freund's incomplete adjuvant resulted in the animals developing a chronic
      polyarthritis resembling rheumatoid arthritis (RA). While both Japanese white and
      NZW rabbits showed a high incidence of the induced arthritis, a higher proportion
      of NZW rabbits developed the disease, suggesting that genetic influence is
      important in the development of RA-like illness. This experimental model may be
      useful for the study of RA.

PMID- 3890866
TI  - Autoantibodies during captopril treatment.

PMID- 3890867
TI  - Low plasma renin activity in lupus-prone mice: a metabolic abnormality in MRL/Mp
      lpr/lpr mice?

PMID- 3890868
TI  - Botticelli and arthritis.

PMID- 3890869
TI  - Juvenile progressive systemic sclerosis: clinical and serologic findings.

PMID- 3890870
TI  - Evaluation of the 1982 American Rheumatism Association revised criteria for the
      classification of systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3890871
TI  - ASHA Omnibus Survey 1984.

PMID- 3890873
TI  - Trauma: an annotated bibliography of the recent literature.

PMID- 3890872
TI  - Double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial of probucol in heterozygous
      familial hypercholesterolaemia.
AB  - Ten patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) were given
      probucol 500 mg b.d. or placebo for 3 months in a randomised order in a double
      blind cross-over trial. There was a 14% decrease in serum cholesterol
      concentration due to a reduction in both low density lipoprotein (LDL)
      cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The subfraction of
      HDL most affected was HDL2. Reductions in serum LDL cholesterol concentration
      exceeding 20% were obtained in 3 (30%) of the patients. The magnitude of the
      change in LDL cholesterol concentration was related to the level of serum HDL2
      cholesterol without therapy and to the magnitude of its decrease on probucol.
      Intravenous intralipid tolerance was unaffected by probucol administration. Serum
      apolipoprotein B concentration decreased less with probucol than did that of
      serum LDL cholesterol.

PMID- 3890874
TI  - Mothers' views of continuous electronic fetal heart monitoring and intermittent
      auscultation in a randomized controlled trial.

PMID- 3890875
TI  - A critical review of the recent literature on postterm pregnancy and a look at
      women's experiences.

PMID- 3890876
TI  - Adventures in molecular biology.

PMID- 3890877
TI  - Photoelectron imaging in cell biology.

PMID- 3890878
TI  - Diffusion-controlled macromolecular interactions.

PMID- 3890879
TI  - Actin and tubulin polymerization: the use of kinetic methods to determine
      mechanism.

PMID- 3890880
TI  - Lipid polymorphism: the molecular basis of nonbilayer phases.

PMID- 3890881
TI  - Theoretical analysis of conformational equilibria in superhelical DNA.

PMID- 3890882
TI  - Sickle hemoglobin polymerization in solution and in cells.

PMID- 3890883
TI  - New observations on cell architecture and dynamics by video-enhanced contrast
      optical microscopy.

PMID- 3890884
TI  - Structure of muscle filaments studied by electron microscopy.

PMID- 3890885
TI  - Electrostatic effects in proteins.

PMID- 3890886
TI  - Molecular basis of biological nitrogen fixation.

PMID- 3890887
TI  - Kidney transplantation in drug-addicts.

PMID- 3890888
TI  - The value of image post-processing in sonomammography: a preliminary report.

PMID- 3890889
TI  - Vitamin use and abuse.

PMID- 3890890
TI  - The reactive site of human inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor is in the amino-terminal
      half of the protein.
AB  - Human inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor has been found to inactivate human trypsin,
      chymotrypsin, neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G. The protein was cleaved into
      two major fragments without loss of activity by incubation with Serratia
      marcescens metalloproteinase, and these were separated by ion-exchange
      chromatography. Inhibitory activity was found in only one of the fragments, the
      amino-terminal sequence of which was found to be identical with that of the
      native protein, as well as with that reported earlier for the urinary trypsin
      inhibitor. It may thus be concluded that the reactive site of the inter-alpha
      trypsin inhibitor is located in the amino-terminal region.

PMID- 3890891
TI  - The light-harvesting polypeptides of Rhodopseudomonas viridis. The complete amino
      acid sequences of B1015-alpha, B1015-beta and B1015-gamma.
AB  - Three low molecular mass polypeptides have been isolated by using the technique
      of organic solvent extraction of thylakoid membranes or whole cells from
      Rhodopseudomonas viridis. Their primary structures were determined by long liquid
      phase sequencer runs, combined with the isolation and sequence analysis of the C
      terminal o-iodosobenzoic acid fragment and carboxypeptidase degradation. The
      polypeptide which consists of 58 amino-acids and is 46% homologous to the antenna
      polypeptide B880-alpha from Rhodospirillum rubrum was designated as B1015-alpha
      (1 His residue). The sequence homology between the second polypeptide, named
      B1015-beta (55 amino acids, 2 His residues) and B880-beta from Rs. rubrum is 52%.
      For the third polypeptide consisting of 36 amino acids and exhibiting a high
      hydrophobicity, no equivalent polypeptide has so far been found in other purple
      bacteria. The molar ratio of these three organic solvent soluble polypeptides
      from Rp. viridis was estimated to be 1:1:1. Accordingly, the 36 amino-acid
      polypeptide is likely to be an additional constituent of the light-harvesting
      complex B1015, consequently termed as B1015-gamma. According to hydrophathy
      profiles, the transmembrane arrangement of B1015-alpha and B1015-beta within the
      thylakoid membrane is supposed to be similar. B1015-gamma, however, shows a
      somewhat different hydropathy profile. A particular feature of this polypeptide
      is its high amount of aromatic amino acids. It is postulated that B1015-gamma is
      involved in the formation of regular arrays of light-harvesting complexes.

PMID- 3890892
TI  - A shortened insulin with full in vitro potency.
AB  - Des[(B26-30)-pentapeptide]insulin-B25-amide was prepared from protected des-[(B23
      30)-octapeptide]insulin (pig) and H-Gly-Phe-Phe-NH2 by trypsin-mediated
      semisynthesis in a yield of 9% (based on insulin). The analogue was characterized
      with respect to chemistry, biological function and CD spectroscopy. While
      des[(B26-30)-pentapeptide]insulin with free carboxylate group exhibited a typical
      insulin activity of only 25% in vitro, des[(B26-30)-pentapeptide]insulinamide was
      fully active. Therefore des[(B26-30)-pentapeptide]insulin meets all structural
      and dynamic requirements for recognition and binding of the receptor as well as
      exertion of the biological effect, provided that the negative charge in the
      hydrophobic environment of PheB25 is neutralized.

PMID- 3890893
TI  - [Hemodialysis in patients with incorrigible arterial hypertension].
AB  - Nine patients with renal insufficiency in the terminal stage, 6 with chronic
      diffuse glomerulonephritis and 3 with chronic pyelonephritis, underwent 402
      sessions of programmed hemodialysis. All the patients had persistent high
      arterial hypertension, which did not yield to conventional medical treatment,
      complicating hemodialysis extremely, as the procedure produced a critical
      increase of arterial blood pressure (ABP). The patients were given new
      hypotensive drugs (minoxidyl, captopril, prazosine), which lowered ABP and
      permitted a reduction of hypotensive injections during hemodialysis. Three
      patients were subjected to bilateral nephrectomy, which also considerably
      facilitated hemodialysis in these patients.

PMID- 3890894
TI  - [Hemodynamic effect of ethmozine and its diethylamine analog ethacizin on central
      hemodynamics in patients with various functional states of the myocardium].

PMID- 3890895
TI  - [The state of capacitive vessels in arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3890897
TI  - [Medical and sanitary services during World War II, 1941-1945].

PMID- 3890896
TI  - [Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 3890898
TI  - The roles of vitamin A in the prevention of neoplastic diseases: a critical
      assessment.
AB  - The role of vitamin A and its analogs (retinoids) in the prevention and therapy
      of neoplastic diseases is discussed. Epidemiological data showing a relationship
      between vitamin A deficiency and increased frequency of tumors in man and animals
      are examined and the experimental models demonstrating the protective action of
      retinoids in the respect of both spontaneous and induced neoplasias of animals
      are reviewed. Among the possible mechanisms responsible of the antineoplastic
      activity, the immunopotentiating effect is underlined. Some toxicological aspects
      of retinoids administration and the consequent application of the experimental
      results in human medicine are finally discussed.

PMID- 3890900
TI  - A step back in time.

PMID- 3890899
TI  - Identification with monoclonal antibodies of T-cell subsets in peripheral blood
      and ascitic fluid of patients with alcoholic hepatic cirrhosis.
AB  - In an attempt to investigate an aspect of the immunoregulatory mechanisms
      operating in alcoholic hepatic cirrhosis with ascites we have enumerated T-cell
      subsets in the peripheral blood and ascitic fluid of 16 patients with this
      disease. The peripheral blood analysis revealed a reduction of OKT3+, OKT4+ and
      OKT8+ cells compared to those of the control group (p less than 0.001) and an
      increase of OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio. In the ascitic fluid the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio,
      compared to that of the peripheral blood, was decreased (p less than 0.001)
      because of increase of OKT8+ cell proportion. We suggest that the sequestrated
      splanchnic OKT8+ subset might be represented by suppressor lymphocytes transuding
      from the liver.

PMID- 3890901
TI  - Sinai Hospital: its past and present.

PMID- 3890902
TI  - [Current concepts of cerebral vascular malformations: angiographic aspects, with
      special reference to medullary venous malformations].

PMID- 3890904
TI  - [Advances in pediatric neuroradiology--neurosonography].

PMID- 3890903
TI  - [Radionuclide examination].

PMID- 3890905
TI  - [The cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of beta-glucuronidase and beta 2
      microglobulin in neurological disorders].
AB  - beta-Glucuronidase (beta-GL) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) of the
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were assayed from the patients with various
      neurological diseases, in order to evaluate the difference of mean value of these
      enzyme activities in several groups of neurological diseases, diagnostic
      usefulness for one of the central nervous system tumor markers, and the
      usefulness to differentiate carcinomatous meningitis from infectious
      meningitides. The subjects were 99 patients with various neurological diseases,
      and these were classified in the following eight diagnostic groups, central
      nervous system degenerative diseases (6 cases), cervical spondylotic
      radiculomyelopathy (15 cases), Guillain-Barre syndrome (8 cases), subarachnoid
      hemorrhage secondary to ruptured aneurysm (6 cases), infectious meningitides (21
      cases), carcinomatous meningitis (9 cases), metastatic extradural spinal cord
      tumors (10 cases) and brain tumors (24 cases). CSF was also obtained from 13
      subjects without any known neurological diseases for beta-GL and beta 2-m as the
      normal control values. beta-GL and beta 2-m were measured by Tsukamoto's method
      and the radioimmunoassay method (Phadebas, beta 2-m test) respectively. The
      statistical analyse were done by using the student t-test and expressed as p
      values. In the normal control group of 13 individuals without any obvious
      neurological diseases, the mean values +/- standard error of means (SEM) of beta
      GL and beta 2-m were 122.5 +/- 10.8 micrograms/dl/hr, and 0.99 +/- 0.15 mg/l
      respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3890906
TI  - Basic instruments and materials for endodontics.

PMID- 3890907
TI  - Carl Koller: the man and the drug.

PMID- 3890908
TI  - Stamp recognition for William Morton.

PMID- 3890909
TI  - Effect of etomidate on the auditory evoked response in man.
AB  - The effect of etomidate on the auditory evoked response was examined in a double
      blind study carried out before the start of surgery. Fourteen patients were
      anaesthetized with 70% nitrous oxide and oxygen after induction with thiopentone.
      Ventilation was controlled. Seven of the patients received a continuous infusion
      of etomidate, increasing in five equal steps from 0.01 mg kg-1 min-1 to 0.05 mg
      kg-1 min-1 over a period of 50 min. The other seven received similarly an
      equivalent volume of saline. The patients given etomidate were easily
      distinguishable from those given saline, solely on the basis of changes in the
      early cortical peaks Pa and Nb. In the etomidate group the latencies of these
      peaks increased and their amplitudes decreased. These changes were linearly
      related to serum etomidate concentration. There was no effect of etomidate on the
      brainstem response.

PMID- 3890910
TI  - Anaesthesia for surgery in a patient with a transplanted heart.
AB  - Five-year survival following cardiac transplantation approaches 50% and such
      patients occasionally present for non-cardiac surgery. The application of a
      simple general anaesthetic technique is described in a patient undergoing minor
      surgery, and the problems involved in managing heart transplant recipients are
      discussed.

PMID- 3890911
TI  - Audit of a monitoring service for free phenytoin.
AB  - This study assessed the value of introducing the measurement of free phenytoin
      levels in a public hospital. After publicising the availability and purpose of
      the assay, free phenytoin levels were determined either (a) on the doctor's
      request or (b) when the total level was requested and the patient's record showed
      evidence of factors predisposing to an elevated unbound fraction. Total phenytoin
      was measured by EMIT, and the unbound fraction by ultrafiltration at 37 degrees C
      using [14C]-phenytoin as a tracer. During a 9 month period, 70 free level
      determinations were performed on 46 patients. These comprised 20% of all
      phenytoin assays. The median free phenytoin fraction was 13.6% (range 9.3-28.6%).
      While total phenytoin levels were below the normal optimum range in 61% cases,
      free levels were probably therapeutic or above in 70% cases. Dosage adjustments
      were recommended on the basis of the free level, and were followed more often
      when the doctor had requested the free level assay (P less than 0.05). The
      results suggest that a free phenytoin level assay can improve the usefulness of
      therapeutic drug monitoring, particularly when the doctor understands the purpose
      of the assay.

PMID- 3890912
TI  - The gastrointestinal absorption of drugs in man: a review of current concepts and
      methods of investigation.
AB  - The various mechanisms which have been advanced to explain drug absorption are
      critically reviewed and the limitations of current theories are discussed.
      Various techniques for investigating drug absorption and transit through the gut
      are presented, and the results obtained with metoprolol are briefly considered to
      illustrate the potential of some of these methods.

PMID- 3890913
TI  - Cigarette smoke extracts inhibit prostacyclin synthesis by the rat urinary
      bladder.
AB  - Since prostacyclin (PGI2) is known to have a cytoprotective effect on epithelia,
      and since cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of bladder
      cancer, we investigated the possibility that nicotine, cotinine (the principal
      metabolite of nicotine) and other components of cigarette smoke inhibit PGI2
      secretion by the urinary bladder. Using the rat urinary bladder as a model, we
      found that cigarette smoke extracts, but not nicotine or cotinine, inhibit in
      vitro PGI2 synthesis. 2-Naphthylamine, a known bladder carcinogen, was also a
      potent inhibitor of PGI2 synthesis by the rat bladder. It is possible that
      cigarette smoke and 2-napthylamine exert their carcinogenic effect partly through
      the inhibition of PGI2 synthesis, resulting in diminished urothelial
      cytoprotection.

PMID- 3890914
TI  - Opsonization of group B Streptococcus type III: studies using clinical strains
      and maternal sera.
AB  - Luminol-dependent phagocytic chemiluminescence was used to measure opsonins to
      group B Streptococcus type III in serum samples from pregnant women. Mean levels
      were similar amongst patients colonized with this organism and those who were
      not. Values remained fairly constant for individual women during pregnancy apart
      from a small, but consistant fall in cord blood samples. Again using luminol
      dependent chemiluminescence, 54 clinical isolates of group B Streptococcus type
      III were evaluated for susceptibility to serum opsonization. Six were found to be
      resistant and these originated from both colonized babies and babies with
      systemic GBS infections. Further studies demonstrated strain-to-strain variation
      in the degree of dependence on both heat-labile and heat-stable opsonins.

PMID- 3890915
TI  - Ultrastructural evidence for extravascular platelet recruitment in the lung upon
      intravenous injection of platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) to guinea-pigs.
AB  - Bronchoconstriction and degenerative lesions of the bronchial epithelium were
      observed microscopically 1 min after the i.v. injection of 100 ng/kg of platelet
      activating factor (PAF-acether) to the anaesthesized guinea-pig. Constricted
      arterioles containing marginated polymorphonuclear neutrophils and platelet
      aggregates were seen, as well as alveolar capillaries obstructed by thrombi
      formed by partially or totally degranulated platelets. Three minutes after the
      injection of PAF-acether, platelet diapedesis to the alveolar septa and lumen was
      clearly observed. Bronchoconstriction was still present at 3 min, but subsided
      after 60 min, whereas oedema of the submucosa persisted accompanied by an
      infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils. The infusion of prostacyclin
      prevented the formation of platelet aggregates and platelet diapedesis due to PAF
      acether, but the morphological evidence of bronchial constriction was not
      modified. Aspirin failed completely to modify the effects of PAF-acether. Our
      results show that PAF-acether causes early formation and deposition of platelet
      aggregates, accompanied by the margination of polymorphonuclear neutrophil
      leucocytes in pulmonary vessels of the guinea-pig. Since bronchoconstriction
      persisted when platelet aggregation was inhibited with prostacyclin, aggregation
      by itself would not account for this effect. Early platelet diapedesis in the
      vicinity of bronchial smooth muscle corroborates previous evidence that platelets
      contain and release bronchoconstrictor substances, which operate by cyclo
      oxygenase-independent mechanisms and are possibly involved with the
      physiopathology of lung inflammation during immediate hypersensitivity.

PMID- 3890916
TI  - Proteases are responsible for blister formation in recessive dystrophic
      epidermolysis bullosa and epidermolysis bullosa simplex.
AB  - The specific factors which induce blister formation in recessive dystrophic
      epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) and epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) were studied
      by culturing normal human skin with blister fluid from patients with RDEB and
      EBS. When skin from a healthy person was cultured with RDEB blister fluid, it
      developed a clean subepidermal blister with histology similar to that of a RDEB
      blister. The specific factor(s) which induced this subepidermal blister was
      inactivated by heat (60 degrees C, 30 min), trypsin digestion and by treating
      with EDTA, EGTA, alpha 2-macroglobulin, soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) or N
      ethylmaleimide (NEM), but was not affected by dialysis. These findings suggest
      that the active factor(s) in the blister fluid from patients with RDEB might
      include collagenase, neutral thiol protease and trypsin-like protease. By
      contrast, when normal skin was cultured with EBS blister fluid, this produced a
      clean intra-epidermal blister with histology similar to that of an EBS blister.
      The specific factor(s) inducing the intra-epidermal blister was inactivated by
      heat (60 degrees C, 30 min), trypsin digestion and by treating with NEM, but was
      not affected by dialysis, divalent cation chelators (EGTA, EDTA), alpha 2
      macroglobulin, SBTI and pepstatin. These results suggest that the active
      factor(s) inducing the intra-epidermal blister in EBS might be a neutral SH
      protease.

PMID- 3890917
TI  - The speckled immunofluorescence of epidermal nuclei as an in vivo phenomenon.
AB  - The deposition of speckled-patterned immunoglobulins in epidermal nuclei has been
      investigated in seventeen patients with various diseases other than mixed
      connective tissue disease. The phenomenon was seen not only with low titres of
      circulating antinuclear antibodies of IgG and IgM classes, but even in their
      absence. The clinical significance of this finding remains obscure, but the
      common explanation, that it is a simple artifact, seems quite untenable.

PMID- 3890918
TI  - Clobetasol propionate ointment reduces inflammation after cryotherapy.
AB  - A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was carried out comparing
      the effects of clobetasol propionate ointment and the ointment base on the
      inflammation induced by cryotherapy of basal cell carcinomata and warts. A single
      application of the steroid was shown to be significantly better at reducing
      erythema, pain and swelling than the ointment base.

PMID- 3890919
TI  - Lichen planus pemphigoides-like lesions induced by cinnarizine.
AB  - A 72-year-old woman developed a lichen planus pemphigoides-like eruption
      following the administration of cinnarizine. The eruption recurred on challenge
      with the drug. Direct immunofluorescence studies of the lesions demonstrated
      deposition of IgG, IgM and C3 on colloid bodies and fibrin at the epidermal
      basement membrane zone. Circulating IgG antibasement membrane zone antibodies
      were detected at high titres, with no complement-fixing activities. To our
      knowledge, this is the first report of immunologically defined lichen planus
      pemphigoides induced by a drug.

PMID- 3890920
TI  - Combined features of pemphigus and pemphigoid induced by penicillamine.
AB  - D-Penicillamine is able to induce a bullous eruption with the clinical,
      histological and immunological features of pemphigus. We present a case that had
      all the characteristics of pemphigus, but also in vivo bound IgG against the
      dermo-epidermal junction, i.e. the immunological features of bullous pemphigoid.
      Since no subepidermal blistering was observed, it is concluded that the
      penicillamine-induced auto-antibodies against the basement membrane zone were
      biologically inactive.

PMID- 3890921
TI  - Abnormal maturation pathway of keratinocytes in psoriatic skin.
AB  - We compared the maturation pathway of normal and psoriatic epidermis using three
      different markers: (1) Involucrin, which is normally detected in the stratum
      granulosum in normal skin, was detected in all but the basal layer of involved
      psoriatic skin; (2) an antigen, recognized by the murine monoclonal antibody psi
      3, was present in all but the basal layer of involved psoriatic skin but was
      absent from uninvolved and normal skin; (3) fibronectin, which normally localizes
      in the dermis and the epidermal-dermal junction, was also detected intra- and
      extracellularly in the psoriatic epidermis. These results indicate that the
      alterations in keratinocyte maturation found in psoriasis do not arise from a
      truncation of the normal maturation pathway but rather reflect the onset of an
      abnormal pathway of differentiation characterized by the expression of psi 3
      antigen and fibronectin and the premature appearance of involucrin.

PMID- 3890922
TI  - Essential fatty acids in the plasma phospholipids of patients with leprosy.
AB  - Plasma phospholipid essential fatty acids were investigated in 40 patients with
      leprosy and 40 controls. A significant reduction in linoleic acid was found in
      the leprosy patients, with an increase in its metabolite dihomo-gamma-linolenic
      acid. No difference was found between patients with multibacillary and
      paucibacillary leprosy. Patients treated for less than 6 months were found to
      have low levels of linoleic acid and high levels of dihomo-gamma-linolenic and
      arachidonic acid compared with patients treated for more than 6 months.

PMID- 3890923
TI  - Age incidence of antibodies to normal human epidermis.
AB  - Antibodies reactive with various layers of normal human epidermis can be detected
      in a high percentage of sera from normal adults. Stimulation to produce these
      antibodies occurs at a very early age, with some suggestion that in utero
      stimulation may occur in a small number of cases.

PMID- 3890924
TI  - A comparative double blind study of ketoconazole and griseofulvin in
      dermatophytosis.
AB  - The merits of oral ketoconazole and griseofulvin in dermatophytosis have been
      compared in a double blind study on 74 patients with 152 infected sites. The
      initial daily doses were 200 mg and 500 mg respectively, but these were doubled
      after 3 months if there was an inadequate clinical response. Treatment was
      continued either until clinical and mycological remission was achieved or a year
      of therapy had been given. Seventy-five per cent (total 80) and 74% (total 72) of
      all infected sites treated with ketoconazole and griseofulvin respectively were
      cleared of infection. However, in toe nail infections the respective cure rates
      were only 21% and 17%. Ketoconazole appeared to act more rapidly in curing tinea
      corporis or tinea cruris due to Trichophyton rubrum, whereas griseofulvin was
      superior in T. interdigitale infections. No serious side-effects were encountered
      in either treatment group. In view of the slight risk of drug-induced hepatitis,
      ketoconazole is best reserved as a second-line drug for toe nail infections
      unless there are specific indications, such as griseofulvin intolerance. In these
      cases liver function tests should be monitored regularly throughout therapy.

PMID- 3890925
TI  - The molecular and cellular interactions involved in connective tissue
      destruction.

PMID- 3890926
TI  - Graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis with anti-T-cell monoclonal antibody OKT3,
      prednisone and methotrexate in allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation.
AB  - A new regimen for prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD)--OKT3
      (murine monoclonal anti-pan-T antibody), prednisone and methotrexate (OKT3-pred
      MTX)--was compared with the Minnesota standard regimen--antithymocyte globulin,
      prednisone and methotrexate (ATG-pred-MTX)--for adverse effects, effect on
      incidence of acute GvHD, and survival at 1 year post-transplant. Twenty patients
      (aged 25 +/- 9 years) had bone-marrow transplantation (BMT) from their HLA-MLC
      identical sibling donors for treatment of aplastic anaemia (four), acute
      leukaemia in remission (13) or chronic myelogenous leukaemia (three). These 20
      patients received (OKT3-pred-MTX) on days 8-22 post-transplant. Results of this
      group are compared to those of 19 concurrent patients (aged 26 +/- 12 years) who
      received ATG-pred-MTX on days 8-22 post-transplant. On the first day of
      treatment, 20/20 OKT3 patients and 18/19 ATG patients were febrile. Within 24 h
      of the first dose of OKT3, 6/20 patients experienced dyspnoea or chest pain and
      3/20 patients developed diarrhoea. No further adverse effects were seen after the
      second dose of OKT3 and no late adverse effects were attributed to this drug.
      Time to engraftment (means 25 d) was not statistically significantly different in
      the two prophylactic groups. Acute GvHD was diagnosed in 14 of 20 patients who
      received OKT3-pred-MTX and in eight of 19 patients who received ATG-pred-MTX (P =
      0.06). The incidence of hepatic or gastrointestinal GVHD (greater than or equal
      to grade 2) was similar in the two groups: 4/20 OKT3-pred-MTX, 6/19 ATG-pred-MTX.
      Characteristics of post-transplant infections were also similar for the two
      prophylactic groups. Survival at 1 year post-transplant was 65% for patients who
      received OKT3 and 44% for patients who received ATG (P = 0.13). The use of OKT3
      with prednisone and methotrexate is relatively safe and is associated with a
      similar incidence of moderate-severe acute GvHD to that experienced in the use of
      ATG with prednisone and methotrexate.

PMID- 3890927
TI  - Relationships between blood product exposure and immunological abnormalities in
      English haemophiliacs.
AB  - Amongst 160 English haemophiliacs treated with clotting factor concentrates,
      abnormalities of T lymphocyte subset distribution (characterized by low T4/T8
      ratios and high total T8 counts), low in vitro phytohaemagglutinin stimulation
      and raised serum IgG levels, were more common in patients with haemophilia A than
      B, in patients who had received heavier blood product exposure, and in adults
      rather than children. A slight reduction in lymphocyte and platelet counts was
      found in 26% and 17% of patients. In the sample of patients tested, serum alpha 1
      thymosin levels were often raised, but beta 2-microglobulin levels were usually
      normal. Fractionation procedures used to prepare clotting factor concentrates,
      and the amounts of concentrate used, are more likely to be causally related to
      these immunological abnormalities than the origins of source donor plasmas.

PMID- 3890928
TI  - Repopulating potential of canine bone marrow cells: differences between large and
      small cells separated by velocity sedimentation.
AB  - This study compares the pattern of haemopoietic recovery in dogs after total-body
      irradiation and transfusion of different populations of cryopreserved autologous
      bone marrow cells. Dogs in group 1 received unseparated marrow cells. Group-II
      dogs were transfused with small (less than 5.1 mm/h) and group-III dogs with
      large (greater than 7.1 mm/h) bone marrow cells, separated by velocity
      sedimentation. Myeloid progenitor cells (CFU-GM) present in slowly sedimenting
      cell fractions were characterized by a higher radiosensitivity in vitro and a
      lower proportion of cells in S-phase as compared to rapidly sedimenting CFU-GM.
      Although autografts in all groups contained comparable numbers of CFU-GM,
      transfusions resulted in different patterns of recovery. Fractions of small bone
      marrow cells contained most of the pluripotent stem cells, leading to speedy
      haematological reconstitution and long-term survival. The pattern of early
      recovery was similar in dogs of group I and of group II. In group III, the
      recovery in all cell lineages was delayed, going along with marked extramedullary
      haemopoiesis. The data may indicate the limits of committed progenitors in
      reflecting pluripotential stem cells, in particular, if bone marrow grafts have
      been modified in vitro. Differences in the repopulating potential of the graft
      might be reflected by distinct physical and biological properties of the CFU-GM.

PMID- 3890930
TI  - Platelet associated complement components (PAC3c and PAC3d) in patients with
      autoimmune thrombocytopenia.
AB  - Platelet associated C3c and C3d (PAC3c and PAC3d) were quantitated by enzyme
      linked assay in 105 patients with idiopathic autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP)
      in whom elevated platelet associated immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) had previously
      been documented. Increased levels of complement components were demonstrated in
      46 of 105 patients (43.8%). In 11 of these patients, PAC3d alone was abnormal
      implying that C3b had been inactivated after cleavage by C3 inactivator in vivo.
      Complement binding was seen in two of 16 patients (12.5%) with raised PAIgG
      alone, four of 19 patients (21.0%) with raised PAIgM alone and in 40 of 70
      patients (57.1%) in whom PAIgG and PAIgM were raised together. This difference
      was highly significant (P = 0.01). The clinical implication of these findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 3890929
TI  - Reactivity of rat monoclonal antibody CAMPATH-1 with human leukaemia cells and
      its possible application for autologous bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - The rat monoclonal antibody CAMPATH-1 recognizes a hitherto undefined antigen
      present on virtually all normal lymphocytes and monocytes. Its reactivity with
      105 samples of fresh leukaemic cells and 13 cell lines was measured by indirect
      fluorescence and peroxidase staining to define in more detail which stages of
      differentiation it recognizes. It was found to bind to cells from virtually all
      cases of lymphoid leukaemia (B cell CLL, T cell ALL, cALL and the few examples of
      HCL, PLL, Sezary syndrome and CGL in lymphoid blast crisis). The single case of
      cALL in relapse and four of six cases of null ALL were negative. Binding to non
      lymphoid leukaemia cells (AML, AMML, AMoL, APL, AEL and CGL in blast crisis) was
      weaker or undetectable. Binding to established lymphoid cell lines was generally
      weak compared with fresh cells but some lines (MOLT4, DAUDI and X308) expressed
      adequate amounts of antigen to be lysed by CAMPATH-1 with human complement.
      Because CAMPATH-1 is very effective at killing lymphocytes in the presence of
      human complement, it has been used for removal of T cells in allogeneic
      transplants. The present results suggest that it might also have a role in
      purging bone marrow of leukaemia cells prior to autologous transplantation for
      acute lymphocytic leukaemia.

PMID- 3890931
TI  - Cytogenetic studies on recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants after
      fractionated total body irradiation.
AB  - Cytogenetic findings from the bone marrow (BM) and the peripheral blood (PB) of
      nine consecutive patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for
      acute or chronic myelogenous leukaemia are reported. After a conditioning regimen
      consisting of cyclophosphamide and fractionated total body irradiation (TBI)
      given in five or six fractions of 2 Gy, persistence of host cells was detected in
      four out of seven cases with permanent engraftment. While one of these patients
      relapsed 4 months after host cells had been found in BM and PB, the other
      patients stayed relapse-free 124, 257 and 347 d after grafting. Before
      transplantation, the leukaemic cells in all three cases carried unique
      cytogenetic abnormalities giving us the opportunity to distinguish the leukaemic
      population from chromosomally non-aberrant cells thought to represent residual
      normal host cells. As the persisting host cells after BMT lacked any cytogenetic
      abnormalities, it is suggested that they were members of residual normal clones
      not involved in the leukaemic process.

PMID- 3890933
TI  - An ultrastructural study of stored human platelets after washing using
      prostacyclin.
AB  - The morphology of washed human platelets stored at 4 degrees C has been examined
      over a period of 96 h. Platelets prepared using prostacyclin showed good
      preservation of their internal structure. These platelets showed no signs of
      activation when stirred in an aggregometer and only small reversible aggregates
      were formed during storage. In contrast, platelets prepared using a more
      conventional method, which does not use prostacyclin, showed poor preservation of
      internal structure. Storage and stirring of these platelets resulted in
      activation and morphological deterioration. These observations support our
      previous finding that prostacyclin prolongs the viability of washed human
      platelets in vitro.

PMID- 3890932
TI  - Persistence of host Langerhans cells following allogeneic bone marrow
      transplantation: possible relationship with acute graft-versus-host disease.
AB  - Langerhans cells (LC) are bone marrow-derived dendritic antigen-presenting cells
      found in the epidermis. In an effort to determine the origin (host versus donor)
      of LC at different intervals following bone marrow transplantation, we performed
      skin biopsies in 16 recipients of sex-mismatched marrow. LC were identified using
      monoclonal antibody OKT6 in an indirect immunoperoxidase assay and their donor or
      host origin determined according to the presence or absence of Y body. The
      presence of Y-positive (donor) LC could be demonstrated in all (6/6) skin
      biopsies of female recipients of male marrow tested between days 39 and 730 post
      transplant. Persistence of host LC in male recipients of female marrow was
      documented in all (6/6) recipients studied on day 39 and in two out of seven
      patients tested on day 120 post-transplant. From day 365 onward, no residual host
      LC could be detected, suggesting that by this time all epidermal LC are donor
      derived. Our study demonstrates that host LC usually persist for 39 and up to 120
      d following bone marrow transplantation. The relevance of this observation to the
      possible role of LC and other host dendritic antigen-presenting cells in the
      graft-versus-host reaction is discussed.

PMID- 3890934
TI  - Legionella pneumophila in coal miners.
AB  - Legionnaires' disease was diagnosed in three mineworkers at a colliery.
      Investigation of water samples from various sites at the colliery did not
      discover a source of the infection. Results of serological surveys undertaken on
      the workmates of the patients and other miners showed only one additional
      positive Legionella indirect fluorescent antibody test. There was, therefore, no
      justification for any alteration in the water supply or the ventilation at the
      colliery.

PMID- 3890935
TI  - Unexplained infertility: a review.
AB  - When investigations fail to reveal a cause for infertility, treatment must then
      be based on possible, but unproven, causes, and since there is a high spontaneous
      pregnancy rate in unexplained infertility the effect of any treatment is
      difficult to assess. Such treatment has included correction of anatomical
      variants such as uterine retroversion and the use of hormonal manipulation during
      the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Ovum entrapment, occult
      spontaneous abortion and faults in sperm fertilizing capacity have all been
      implicated, and it is likely that immunological factors play a substantial role
      in unexplained infertility. Evidence does not support the use of bromocriptine in
      the absence of hyperprolactinaemia. Successful treatment by intrauterine
      insemination is unlikely if there are circulating anti-sperm antibodies in the
      partner. Improving cervical mucus by treatment with oestrogens and clearing
      infections with antibiotics may have a modest place but it is very difficult to
      show that these treatments have more than a placebo effect. Endometriosis is
      often missed and the possibility of it having developed after initial
      investigation warrants repeat laparoscopy after 2 years. Three approaches are
      currently acceptable in the management of the couple with unexplained
      infertility: await spontaneous pregnancy, the empirical use of clomiphene and in
      vitro fertilization.

PMID- 3890936
TI  - Immunoreactive prostacyclin and thromboxane metabolites in normal pregnancy and
      the puerperium.
AB  - Prostacyclin and thromboxane have been implicated in the pathophysiology of
      several disorders of pregnancy, but there is little information on concentrations
      of these prostaglandins in normal pregnancy. The aim of our study was to
      determine the range of values throughout normal pregnancy and the puerperium and
      to compare this with concentrations in normal non-pregnant women. Measurement was
      by radioimmunoassay of prostacyclin and thromboxane metabolites. We observed a
      significant difference in prostacyclin metabolites in the first trimester, (mean
      19.9, SEM 0.96 pg/ml) compared with the normal non-pregnant group (mean 15.9, SEM
      0.68 pg/ml). There were no significant differences between values in the normal
      non-pregnant group and those in the second and third trimester or postnatally.
      The increase in prostacyclin in the first trimester may be associated with
      placentation and physiological vasodilation, and insensitivity to angiotensin II
      seen in early pregnancy. We noted a significant reduction in thromboxane
      metabolites in the second (mean 133, SEM 14.9 pg/ml) and third (mean 123, SEM
      10.7 pg/ml) trimesters and the puerperium (mean 119, SEM 6.3 pg/ml) compared with
      the values in the normal non-pregnant group (mean 142, SEM 4.9 pg/ml). This may
      be due to increased platelet stability or decreased thromboxane synthesis.

PMID- 3890937
TI  - Fetal plasma renin and renin substrate in mid-trimester pregnancy.
AB  - Blood samples were obtained by fetoscopy from 30 fetuses in the middle trimester
      of pregnancy. The results indicate that high concentrations of renin and
      relatively low levels of renin substrate are present in the fetus early in
      pregnancy. These values are similar to those previously demonstrated in the full
      term fetus.

PMID- 3890938
TI  - Thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin levels in molar pregnancy.

PMID- 3890939
TI  - Frontalis sling: a modified simple technique.
AB  - A modified simple technique of brow suspension by using 4-0 Supramid (non
      absorbable thread) suture and only one skin incision is described in 25 eyes of
      15 cases of ptosis, including cases of congenital and mechanical ptosis and
      ptosis with Marcus Gunn phenomenon. This technique avoids the use of any special
      instruments such as the Reese ptosis knife and Wright needle.

PMID- 3890940
TI  - Characterization of the internal calcium(II) binding sites in dissolved insulin
      hexamer using europium(III) fluorescence.
AB  - The fluorescence of Eu(III) is used to study the nature of the Ca(II) binding
      sites in the central cavity of the two-zinc(II) insulin hexamer. The dependence
      of the Eu(III) fluorescence lifetime upon Eu(III) stoichiometry indicates that
      there are three identical Eu(III) binding sites present in the two-zinc(II)
      insulin hexamer in solution. Addition of excess Ca(II) causes a decrease in the
      Eu(III) fluorescence intensity, confirming that Ca(II) competes for the observed
      Eu(III) sites. The solvent dependence of the Eu(III) fluorescence lifetime (H2O
      vs. D2O) indicates that four OH groups are coordinated to each Eu(III) in the
      hexamer. Substitution of Co(II) for Zn(II) causes a decrease in the Eu(III)
      fluorescence lifetime. Calculations based on Forster energy-transfer theory
      predict that the Co(II) [or Zn(II) in vivo] and Eu(III) [or Ca(II) in vivo]
      binding sites are separated by 9.6 +/- 0.5 A. Variation of the metal
      stoichiometries indicates that all three Eu(III) [or Ca(II) in vivo] sites are
      equidistant from the Zn(II) sites. We conclude that these sites are identical
      with the three central Zn(II) sites present in insulin hexamer crystals soaked in
      excess Zn(II) [Emdin, S. O., Dodson, G., Cutfield, J. M., & Cutfield, S. M.
      (1980) Diabetologia 19, 174-182] and suggest that these central sites are
      occupied by Ca(II) in vivo.

PMID- 3890941
TI  - Limited proteolysis of thermolysin by subtilisin: isolation and characterization
      of a partially active enzyme derivative.
AB  - Incubation of the neutral metalloendopeptidase thermolysin at pH 9-10 in the
      presence of 10 mM CaCl2 for 2 days at room temperature with subtilisin at a 50:1
      molar ratio leads to a derivative possessing lower (approximately 3%) but
      intrinsic catalytic activity. This derivative, called thermolysin S, was isolated
      by gel filtration in approximately 80% yield and then separated from some
      residual intact thermolysin by an affinity chromatographic step on Sepharose-Gly
      D-Phe. It was found that thermolysin S results from a tight association of two
      polypeptide fragments of apparent Mr of 24000 and 10000. Dissociation of the
      complex was achieved under strong denaturing conditions, such as gel filtration
      on a column equilibrated and eluted with 5 M guanidine hydrochloride. The
      positions of the clip sites were defined by amino acid analysis, end-group
      determination, and amino acid sequencing of the isolated fragments and shown to
      lie between Thr-4 and Ser-5, between Thr-224 and Gln-225, and also between Gln
      225 and Asp-226. Thermolysin S, which is therefore a stable complex of fragments
      5-224(225) and 225(226)-316, shows a shift in optimum pH of about 1 unit toward
      the acid range with respect to intact thermolysin and a Km essentially unchanged,
      with furylacryloyl-Gly-Leu-NH2 as substrate. Inhibitors of thermolysin such as
      ethoxyformic anhydride and Zn2+ ions inactivate also the nicked enzyme.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3890942
TI  - Cell surface glycoconjugates as onco-differentiation markers in hematopoietic
      cells.

PMID- 3890943
TI  - The genetics of retinoblastoma.

PMID- 3890944
TI  - A novel method for encapsulation of macromolecules in liposomes.
AB  - Hemoglobin and alkaline phosphatase were each encapsulated in phosphatidylcholine
      liposomes using a dehydration-rehydration cycle for liposome formation. In this
      method, liposomes prepared by sonication are mixed in aqueous solution with the
      solute desired to be encapsulated and the mixture is dried under nitrogen in a
      rotating flask. As the sample is dehydrated, the liposomes fuse to form a
      multilamellar film that effectively sandwiches the solute molecules. Upon
      rehydration, large liposomes are produced which have encapsulated a significant
      fraction of the solute. The optimal mass ratio of lipid to solute is approx. 1:2
      to 1:3. This method has potential application in large-scale liposome production,
      since it depends only on a controlled drying and rehydration process, and does
      not require extensive use of organic solvents, detergents, or dialysis systems.

PMID- 3890945
TI  - Control of erythrocyte membrane microviscosity by insulin.
AB  - The human erythrocyte membrane binds insulin through high-affinity, low-capacity
      binding sites (dissociation constant Kd1 2.45 X 10(-9)M; capacity n1 207 fmol/mg
      protein) and low-affinity, high-capacity binding sites (Kd2 0.63 X 10(-6) M; n2
      37 pmol/mg protein). Treatment of the erythrocyte membrane or the intact cells
      with the physiological concentration of insulin, which is within the range of Kd
      value of the high-affinity sites, results in a significant reduction of the
      membrane microviscosity and the filtration time of the intact cells. Use of
      supraphysiological concentrations of the hormone reverses the effect of the lower
      concentration of insulin on the membrane microviscosity and the filtration time.

PMID- 3890946
TI  - Biotin uptake: influx, efflux and countertransport in Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - Biotin uptake by Escherichia coli K12 has been reinvestigated. The vitamin uptake
      is an active process depending on energy and inhibited by uncouplers. The kinetic
      parameters (Km = 0.27 microM, Vmax = 6.8 pmol/min per mg dry cells) are close to
      those previously determined for a biotin-dependent strain E. coli C162
      (Piffeteau, A., Zamboni, M. and Gaudry, M. (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 688, 29
      36). By use of biotin p-nitrophenyl ester, an affinity label of the biotin
      transport system, it was shown, under conditions of steady state, that the efflux
      of biotin is not energy dependent and is mainly mediated by a diffusion
      mechanism. Reexamination of the regulation of the biotin transport by biotin,
      revealed that only 50% of the biotin uptake system is under control by the
      vitamin.

PMID- 3890947
TI  - The effect of a water-soluble tris-galactoside terminated cholesterol derivative
      on the in vivo fate of small unilamellar vesicles in rats.
AB  - When the water-soluble cholesterol derivative, N-[tris [(beta-D
      galactopyranosyloxy)methyl]methyl]-N alpha-[4-(5-cholesten-3 beta
      yloxy)succinyl]glycinamide (tris-gal-chol) (Kempen et al. (1984) J. Medicin.
      Chem. 27, 1306-1312) is added as an aqueous micellar solution to a dispersion of
      small unilamellar phospholipid vesicles it rapidly associates with the vesicles,
      without causing significant leakage of liposome contents. Incorporation of 10
      mol% tris-gal-chol in the liposomal membrane caused a substantial increase in the
      rate and extent of rat liver uptake and a shift in intrahepatic distribution of
      an intravenously administered dose of liposomes. For neutral liposomes composed
      of equimolar amounts of cholesterol and sphingomyelin incorporation of tris-gal
      chol led to a 7-fold increase in total liver uptake, which was mainly accounted
      for by an increase in uptake by the Kupffer cells (12-fold) and by only a small
      increase in uptake by the hepatocytes (1.4-fold). The increased liver uptake is
      blocked by preinjection of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and not affected by
      preinjection of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. This indicates that the increased
      interaction of liposomes as a result of tris-gal-chol incorporation is mediated
      by galactose-specific recognition sites on both Kupffer cells and hepatocytes.
      Targeting of liposomes to the asialoglycoprotein receptor of the hepatocytes is
      thus frustrated by the highly active galactose-specific receptor on Kupffer
      cells. Comparable results on lactosylceramide incorporation into liposomes were
      recently reported by us (Spanjer et al. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 774, 49
      55).

PMID- 3890948
TI  - Depth-dependent fluorescent quenching in micelles and membranes.

PMID- 3890949
TI  - DNA replication of single-stranded Escherichia coli DNA phages.

PMID- 3890950
TI  - Expression of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I mRNA in Reuber hepatoma H-35
      cells. Regulation by glucocorticoid and insulin.
AB  - Reuber hepatoma H-35 cells actively synthesize the urea cycle enzyme, carbamoyl
      phosphate synthetase I. Treatment of H-35 cells with dexamethasone (0.14 microM),
      however, enhanced synthesis of the enzyme (as measured by incorporation of
      [35S]methionine) by 4-5-fold. Insulin (0.18 microM) completely inhibited
      dexamethasone-dependent stimulation of enzyme synthesis. In vitro translation and
      cDNA hybridization assays were employed to measure effects of dexamethasone plus
      or minus insulin on levels of mRNA encoding the biosynthetic precursor of
      carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I (pCPS) in Reuber H-35 cells. Both measurements
      yielded similar results: dexamethasone increased pCPS mRNA levels by 4-5-fold and
      insulin suppressed this response, but only by 50%. Specific cDNA hybridization
      assays also demonstrated that Reuber H-35 cells, even after hormone treatments,
      contain only very low levels of albumin mRNA, and no detectable ornithine
      carbamoyl-transferase mRNA.

PMID- 3890951
TI  - Covalent cross-linking of tRNAGly1 to the ribosomal P site via the dihydrouridine
      loop.
AB  - The dihydrouracil residue at position 20 of Escherichia coli tRNAGly1 has been
      replaced by the photoaffinity reagent, N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)glycyl hydrazide
      (AGH). The location of the substituent was confirmed by the susceptibility of the
      modified tRNA to cleavage with aniline. When N-acetylglycyl-tRNAGly1 derivatized
      with AGH was bound noncovalently to the P site of E. coli 70 S ribosomes, 5-6% on
      average was photochemically cross-linked to the ribosomal particles in a reaction
      requiring poly(G,U), irradiation and the presence of the AGH label in the tRNA.
      Approximately two-thirds of the covalently attached tRNA was associated with 16 S
      RNA in the 30 S subunit. This material was judged to be in the P site by the
      criterion of puromycin reactivity. As partial RNAase digestion of the tRNA-16 S
      RNA complex produced labeled fragments from both 5' and 3' segments of the rRNA,
      there appeared to be more than one site of cross-linking in the 30 S subunit. The
      small amount of N-acetylglycyl-tRNAGly1 associated with the 50 S subunit was also
      linked mainly to rRNA, but it was not puromycin-reactive.

PMID- 3890952
TI  - Stabilisation of human interferon beta synthesis in Escherichia coli by zinc
      ions.
AB  - Human interferon beta synthesized in Escherichia coli is unstable and toxic for
      the bacterial cell. Zinc ions are able to stabilise interferon beta in E. coli
      probably by inhibiting the action of cell internal proteinase(s) which affect the
      half-life of this foreign protein. As a result up to one order of magnitude more
      active IFN-beta can be detected in Zn2+-treated E. coli cells.

PMID- 3890953
TI  - Mechanistic implications of the inhibition of peptidases by amino aldehydes and
      bestatin.
AB  - alpha-Amino aldehydes and bestatin are found to be effective inhibitors of a
      cytosolic dipeptidase (rat testicular peptidase C), and a cytosolic tripeptidase
      (rat kidney peptidase B, EC 3.4.11.4), as well as cytosolic leucine
      aminopeptidase (pig kidney peptidase S, EC 3.4.11.1). Aldehyde hydrates and
      bestatin share a resemblance to intermediates that might be formed during direct
      attack by water on peptide substrates, affording a possible explanation for their
      tight binding. Alternatively, inhibitors of both kinds might form derivatives of
      an active site nucleophile, resembling intermediates in a double-displacement
      mechanism. Exchange experiments with H218O suggest that bestatin is bound intact
      by leucine aminopeptidase, lending support to the first of these two mechanisms.

PMID- 3890954
TI  - The effect of pH on the interaction of substrates and effector to yeast and
      rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase.
AB  - The interaction of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP with
      pyruvate kinase (ATP: pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40) from yeast
      and rabbit muscle has been studied as a function of pH utilizing the quenching of
      protein fluorescence at 330 nm by these ligands. Both the muscle and the yeast
      pyruvate kinase interact with either ADP or phosphoenolpyruvate with similar
      affinity, indicating that the substrate-binding sites for these two isozymes are
      similar. The major difference between the yeast and muscle isozymes is their
      affinity with fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate interacts with
      the yeast isozyme in orders of magnitude more strongly than with the muscle
      isozyme. Moreover, the affinity of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to the yeast isozyme
      is strongly pH-dependent, while the interaction of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate with
      the muscle isozyme is independent of pH. The data indicate that yeast pyruvate
      kinase undergoes a conformational change as the pH is increased from 6.0 to 8.5.

PMID- 3890955
TI  - Anomeric specificity of mannose phosphorylation by hexokinase.
AB  - In rat parotid or pancreatic islet homogenates incubated at 7 degrees C,
      hexokinase displayed a greater affinity for but a lower maximal velocity with the
      alpha-anomer, as distinct from beta-anomer, of D-mannose. The anomeric
      specificity of mammalian hexokinase was similar in the case of D-mannose and D
      glucose, but represented a mirror image of that of yeast hexokinase.

PMID- 3890956
TI  - Immunological analysis of rat pancreatic prokallikrein activation.
AB  - The present study shows that tissue kallikrein is present in rat pancreas as a
      proenzyme that can be converted by autolysis to a 38 000 Da active enzyme. The
      activation of pancreatic prokallikrein was examined by direct radioimmunoassay,
      enzymatic assays, active-site labeling with immunoprecipitation, and Western blot
      analyses. A monoclonal antibody (V1C3), which binds only active kallikrein, was
      used in a direct radioimmunoassay to monitor the appearance of the active enzyme.
      During a 22-h autolysis of pancreatic extract, a time-dependent increase in
      active kallikrein concentration paralleled the increase of kallikrein activities
      measured by both TosArgOMe esterase and kininogenase assays. The activation
      process was further analyzed by labeling the pancreatic extract with
      [14C]diisopropylphosphorofluoridate [( 14C]DFP) followed by immunoprecipitation
      with sheep anti-kallikrein antiserum. Pancreatic prokallikrein was not labeled by
      [14C]DFP; however, upon autolysis, a 38 000 Da active kallikrein can be labeled
      with [14C]DFP and increase in quantity with time. Western blot analysis, using a
      monoclonal antibody (V4D11) which recognizes both latent and active tissue
      kallikreins, identified a 39 000 Da pancreatic prokallikrein prior to autolysis
      and a 38 000 Da active kallikrein after 7 h of autolysis. The results indicate
      that the pancreatic prokallikrein exists as a 39 000 Da protein which may be
      converted to a 38 000 Da active kallikrein, indistinguishable from purified
      urinary, brain, spleen or submandibular gland kallikrein.

PMID- 3890957
TI  - Purification and properties of aldehyde reductases from human placenta.
AB  - Aldehyde reductases (alcohol: NADP+-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.2) I and II from
      human placenta have been purified to homogeneity. Aldehyde reductase I, molecular
      weight about 74 000, is a dimer of two nonidentical subunits of molecular weights
      of about 32 500 and 39 000, whereas aldehyde reductase II is a monomer of about
      32 500. Aldehyde reductase I can be dissociated into subunits under high ionic
      concentrations. The isoelectric pH for aldehyde reductases I and II are 5.76 and
      5.20, respectively. Amino acid compositions of the two enzymes are significantly
      different. Placenta aldehyde reductase I can utilize glucose with a lower
      affinity, whereas aldehyde reductase II is not capable of reducing aldo-sugars.
      Similarly, aldehyde reductase I does not catalyse the reduction of glucuronate
      while aldehyde reductase II has a high affinity for glucuronate. Both enzymes,
      however, exhibit strong affinity towards various other aldehydes such as
      glyceraldehyde, propionaldehyde, and pyridine-3-aldehyde. The pH optima for
      aldehyde reductases I and II are 6.0 and 7.0, respectively. Aldehyde reductase I
      can use both NADH and NADPH as cofactors, whereas aldehyde reductase II activity
      is dependent on NADPH only. Both enzymes are susceptible to inhibition by
      sulfhydryl group reagents, aldose reductase inhibitors, lithium sulfate, and
      sodium chloride to varying degrees.

PMID- 3890958
TI  - Unmasking of insulin receptors in rat submaxillary gland microsomes: effect of
      high ionic strength, phospholipase C and S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
AB  - The specific binding of [125I]insulin to submaxillary gland microsomes was
      significantly enhanced by increasing the ionic strength of the incubation medium.
      This effect was neither related to changes in receptor or hormone degradation nor
      in the polymerization of the tracer. When equilibrium binding data from
      competition curves of unlabelled insulin versus [125I]insulin were analyzed, a
      marked increase in total binding capacity in high ionic strength was observed
      (from 890 to 2440 fmol/mg protein), with no change in binding affinity.
      Phospholipase C digestion was also able to increase specific [125I]insulin
      binding to microsomes. These results suggest the presence of masked receptors in
      submaxillary gland microsomes. Methylation of rat submaxillary gland microsomes
      by using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the methyl donor significantly increased
      [125I]insulin binding. Scatchard analysis of the equilibrium binding data showed
      that addition of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (0.46 mM) to microsomes resulted in an
      enhancement of the total binding capacity (from 990 to 1520 fmol/mg protein) with
      no change in the affinity constants, which suggests the exposure of masked
      insulin receptors under such conditions. Both the methyl group incorporation into
      membrane phospholipids and the effect on insulin binding were dependent on the S
      adenosyl-L-methionine concentration used and were partially suppressed in the
      presence of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, a specific competitive inhibitor of the
      methyltransferases activity. When microsomes were treated with S-adenosyl-L
      [methyl-3H]methionine, the 3H-labelled methyl groups incorporated were found
      mainly in the lipid fraction associated to phosphatidylcholine, suggesting in
      this case that the unmasking of insulin receptors could be a consequence of
      alterations produced in membrane composition. The effects of phospholipase C, S
      adenosyl-L-methionine and high ionic strength on insulin binding were not
      additive, suggesting that these procedures unmask receptors from the same pool.

PMID- 3890960
TI  - Cytochemical localization of adenylate cyclase in the dense tubule system of
      human blood platelets stimulated by forskolin, prostacyclin and prostaglandin D2.
AB  - Platelets were briefly fixed in paraformaldehyde/glutaraldehyde and then
      incubated with 5'-adenylyl imidodiphosphate under conditions suitable for the
      cytochemical detection of adenylate cyclase activity. The adenylate cyclase
      activity of these platelets retains the ability to respond to prostaglandins E1,
      D2, I2 (prostacyclin), forskolin and fluoride. Sites of stimulated adenylate
      cyclase activity were localized cytochemically by the reaction of lead with the
      reaction product imidodiphosphate to form deposits of lead imidodiphosphate that
      are visible in the electron microscope. Reaction product deposition was seen only
      in the dense tubule system of human platelets when the incubation medium
      contained forskolin, prostacyclin, or prostaglandin D2 at concentrations known to
      stimulate the enzyme in intact platelets. Epinephrine, an antagonist of adenylate
      cyclase inhibited the cytochemical reaction stimulated by prostacyclin. The fact
      that the cytochemical reaction was induced by agonists that stimulate the enzyme
      through two different types of prostaglandin receptors and by forskolin, which
      acts distal to the receptors, confirms that the method specifically detects
      adenylate cyclase. The presence of adenylate cyclase in the dense tubules may be
      significant for the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ and arachidonic acid
      metabolism by this membrane system.

PMID- 3890959
TI  - The effect of catecholamines and adenosine deaminase on the glucose transport
      system in rat adipocytes.
AB  - 2-Deoxyglucose uptake (3 min) and 3-O-methylglucose transport (2 s) was measured
      in rat adipocytes preincubated with 5 microM epinephrine plus adenosine deaminase
      as described by Green (Green, A. (1983) FEBS Lett. 152, 261-264). 2-Deoxyglucose
      uptake was about 95% depressed in insulin-treated, but not in 'basal', cells
      preincubated with epinephrine plus adenosine deaminase for 60 min in broad
      agreement with Green's report. However, this depression was caused by a decrease
      in sugar phosphorylation rather than transport. In similarly incubated cells,
      transport of 3-O-methylglucose, a sugar analogue not phosphorylated in the
      adipocytes, was not affected by catecholamine plus adenosine deaminase. However,
      a decrease in transport of about 60% was observed both in the absence and the
      presence of insulin when the albumin concentration was high enough and the cell
      concentration low enough to prevent accumulation of free fatty acids in the
      medium. In addition, the insulin sensitivity with regard to hexose transport was
      markedly reduced. Transport was approximately doubled in cells incubated with 5
      microM epinephrine in the absence of adenosine deaminase. Thus, epinephrine at a
      high concentration stimulates hexose transport in the absence of adenosine
      deaminase (presence of adenosine) whereas it inhibits both basal and insulin
      stimulated transport in the presence of adenosine deaminase (absence of
      adenosine).

PMID- 3890961
TI  - Insulin effect on translational diffusion of lipids and proteins in the plasma
      membrane of isolated rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The effects of insulin (10(-10)-10(-8) mol/l) on lateral diffusion of three
      fluorescent lipid probes, 1-acyl-2-(N-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole)aminocaproyl
      phosphatidylcholine (NBD-PC), 5-(N-hexadecanoyl)aminofluorescein (F-C16), 5-(N
      dodecanoyl)aminofluorescein (F-C12), and of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled
      proteins in the plasma membrane of intact rat hepatocytes were studied by the
      technique of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. The absolute lateral
      diffusion coefficients of the lipid analogues NBD-PC, F-C16 and F-C12 at 21
      degrees C were 2.5 X 10(-9) cm2/s, 5.4 X 10(-9) cm2/s and 19 X 10(-9) cm2/s,
      respectively. The diffusion coefficient mean of proteins labeled with fluorescein
      isothiocyanate was 6.4 X 10(-10) cm2/s. Insulin at 10(-9) and 10(-8) mol/l
      reduced the lateral diffusion coefficient for F-C12- and F-C16-labeled cells by
      20% and for NBD-PC-labeled cells by 30% (P less than 0.025). The insulin effect
      was specific as tested by cell incubation with proinsulin and desoctapeptide
      insulin (10(-8) mol/l) and was detectable after 7 min of insulin preincubation.
      In contrast to lateral diffusion of lipid probes, lateral mobility of unselected
      membrane proteins was not altered by insulin. The observed modulation of lipid
      dynamics in the plasma membrane of intact hepatocytes, by which a variety of
      membrane functions can be influenced, may be an important step in the mechanism
      of insulin action.

PMID- 3890962
TI  - Differential effects of parathyroid hormone and somatomedin-like growth factors
      on the sizes of proteoglycan monomers and their synthesis in rabbit costal
      chondrocytes in culture.
AB  - In the proteoglycans extracted from rabbit costal chondrocytes in culture, two
      populations of proteoglycans were distinguished by density gradient
      centrifugation under dissociative conditions. The major component was the faster
      sedimenting population (proteoglycan I), the putative 'cartilage-specific'
      proteoglycans, and the minor component was the slower sedimenting population
      (proteoglycan II). The monomeric size of proteoglycan I was closely related to
      the differentiation-state of chondrocytes and was a good marker of the
      differentiated chondrocytes. Treatment of the cultures with parathyroid hormone
      (PTH) induced an increase in the monomeric size of proteoglycan I. This increase
      was ascribed to an increase in the molecular size of the glycosaminoglycan chain
      in proteoglycan I. On the other hand, somatomedin-like growth factors, such as
      multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA) and cartilage-derived factor (CDF), did
      not affect the size of proteoglycan I, while they markedly stimulated the
      synthesis of proteoglycan I. In contrast, treatment with nonsomatomedin growth
      factors, such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and epidermal growth factor
      (EGF), resulted in not only a decrease in glycosaminoglycan synthesis but also a
      slight decrease in size of proteoglycan I. However, synthesis and size of
      proteoglycan II were little affected by these agents. Thus, the present study
      clearly shows that PTH and somatomedin-like growth factors have differential
      functions in bringing about the expression of the differentiated phenotype of
      chondrocytes: PTH influences chain elongation and termination of
      glycosaminoglycans in proteoglycan I, while somatomedin-like growth factors
      affect primarily the synthesis and secretion of proteoglycan I.

PMID- 3890963
TI  - Genetic transformation of the phytopathogenic bacteria, Erwinia chrysanthemi.
AB  - Erwinia chrysanthemi is an enterobacterium whose phytopathogenicity is due to its
      pectinolytic and cellulolytic activities. The CaCl2 mediated transformation
      procedure was successfully applied to two E. chrysanthemi wild type strains. The
      highest efficiency of transformation of E. chrysanthemi with pBR322 was found
      using 0.1 M CaCl2, 0.1 M MgCl2 treated cells and a heat pulse at 30 degrees C for
      6 min. This yielded about 600 transformants per microgram of pBR322 DNA and 2.3 X
      10(-6) per viable cell. Plasmid stability after twenty generations was lower than
      in E. coli: only 40-60% of the cells retained the plasmid in the absence of
      selective pressure. Based on this result, cloning in E. chrysanthemi with pBR322
      vectors should therefore be possible, making it a potential host for cloning any
      gene for biomedical or industrial purposes.

PMID- 3890964
TI  - [Proteins firmly bound to DNA in the E. coli nucleoid].
AB  - The nucleoid isolated from E. coli cells was subjected to further deletion by
      treatment with 2 M NaCl. After disintegration of this nucleoid by
      ultrasonication, two fractions were obtained, i. e., a rapidly (RS) and slowly
      sedimenting (SS) ones. The protein, RNA and DNA patterns in the RS fraction are
      similar to that of the eukaryotic cell nuclear matrix. Electrophoretic analysis
      of total non-dissociating by 2 M NaCl proteins revealed that the RS and SS
      fractions predominantly contain proteins with Mr 31,27 and 23 kD. The protein
      with Mr = 31 kD is firmly bound to DNA, does not dissociate in the guanidine
      hydrochloride (4 M)-urea (5 M) mixture as well as in solution of 1% sodium
      dodecyl sulphate and may be responsible for the chromosome binding to the E. coli
      membrane.

PMID- 3890965
TI  - The effects of acute and chronic perinatal stress on plasma vasopressin
      concentration and renin activity at birth.
AB  - The effects of acute and chronic intrauterine stress on plasma vasopressin (AVP)
      concentration and renin activity (PRA) in the cord blood of 36 newborn infants
      were studied. AVP concentrations in the umbilical artery were significantly
      higher than those in the umbilical vein in all infants, except in those delivered
      by elective cesarean section after normal pregnancy. AVP concentrations in the
      umbilical arterial blood after normal term pregnancy and vaginal delivery (779
      pg/ml, log mean) were higher than those in the cord blood of infants delivered
      vaginally after maternal hypertensive disease (198 pg/ml). Compared to the values
      of the latter group, the AVP values were significantly lower (39 pg/ml) in
      infants delivered by cesarean section without labor because of severe growth
      retardation and decreased heart rate variability. The group of normal term
      infants delivered by elective cesarean section after normal pregnancy had the
      lowest AVP concentrations (13 pg/ml). PRA in the umbilical arterial blood was not
      different from that in the umbilical venous blood. The highest mean level of PRA
      (14.5 ng/ml/h) was observed in premature infants delivered by cesarean section
      because of fetal growth retardation and pathological heart rate variability, and
      the lowest mean level in term infants delivered by elective cesarean section (3.4
      ng/ml/h). PRA was significantly increased in term infants delivered vaginally
      after normal pregnancy (7.8 ng/ml/h) or after hypertensive pregnancy (11.7
      ng/ml/h) in comparison to that of term infants delivered by elective cesarean
      section.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3890966
TI  - Changes in luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone content of discrete hypothalamic
      areas associated with spontaneous and induced preovulatory luteinizing hormone
      surges in the domestic hen.
AB  - It is widely assumed that luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neuronal
      activation is involved in the preovulatory surge of LH in the hen. In addition,
      this LH surge may be initiated by ovarian progesterone (P4) release. Thus,
      spontaneous and P4-induced LH surges should be associated with acute changes in
      LHRH content of discrete hypothalamic areas associated with LHRH cell bodies
      and/or LHRH axon terminals. Medial preoptic area (mPOA) and infundibulum (INF)
      LHRH content was measured by radioimmunoassay at intervals before, at, and
      following peak LH levels of a spontaneous preovulatory surge of LH, as well as
      when this surge was advanced by P4 administration in laying hens. Nonlaying birds
      served as additional controls. Levels of serum LH, P4, 17 beta-estradiol and
      pituitary LH were also measured. Increased (P less than 0.05) LHRH content in
      mPOA without changes in the INF are associated with peak serum LH levels of the
      spontaneous LH surge. By contrast, decreased (P less than 0.05) LHRH content in
      both mPOA and INF is associated with peak serum LH levels when the spontaneous
      surge was advanced 8 h by P4 administration to laying hens. Medial preoptic area
      and INF LHRH contents were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in nonlaying
      than in laying hens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3890967
TI  - Discrete hypothalamic distribution of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
      (LHRH) content and of LHRH-degrading activity in laying and nonlaying hens.
AB  - Hypothalamic enzymatic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-degrading
      activity (LHRH-DA) may play a physiologic role in the neuroendocrine control of
      LHRH in mammals. The present study analyzes the existence and possible
      physiologic role of LHRH-DA in birds. The LHRH content in discrete hypothalamic
      samples of laying and nonlaying hens was correlated to their LHRH-DA. Degrading
      activity was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of chicken
      LHRH and of its degradation fragments. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
      content was estimated by radioimmunoassay. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
      content of discrete medial preoptic, infundibulum, and arcuate samples, as well
      as serum LH and progesterone levels, were higher (P less than 0.05) in laying
      than in nonlaying hens. The LHRH content of these hypothalamic areas was also
      higher (P less than 0.05) than those of immediately adjacent areas, in both
      animal groups. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-degrading activity, which
      generates LHRH1-5 as the main degradation fragment, was higher (P less than 0.01)
      in the infundibulum of laying than in nonlaying hens. It was also higher (P less
      than 0.01) in samples from the infundibulum and medial preoptic area than in
      immediately adjacent lateral samples. Finally, LHRH-DA, showing a similar HPLC
      profile of degradation fragments, was also present in areas of low or
      undetectable LHRH content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3890968
TI  - Relaxin concentrations in endometrial, placental, and ovarian tissues and in sera
      from ewes during middle and late pregnancy.
AB  - These studies were designed to determine the tissue source of ovine relaxin and
      to determine the feasibility of using the pregnant ewe for study of relaxin
      production and secretion. On Day 4 of gestation, ewes were laparotomized, the
      nonpregnant uterine horn was ligated, and the ovary not containing the corpus
      luteum was removed. During a second surgery at Day 45 (n = 8) or 140 (n = 9) of
      gestation, 10-ml blood samples were drawn from a uterine artery, the ovarian
      vein, and veins draining the pregnant and nonpregnant uterine horns. Endometrial,
      placental, and luteal tissues were obtained for immunocytochemistry and
      extraction. Relaxin was detected by a heterologous porcine radioimmunoassay (RIA)
      in 3 of 54 serum samples (701.3 +/- 25.4 pg/ml, mean +/- SEM). Relaxin was not
      detected in crude tissue extracts, but low quantities were detected by RIA
      following Sephadex G-50 column chromatography of tissue extracts. Total relaxin
      activity for all tissues was equivalent to 0.57 +/- 0.13 ng of porcine relaxin/g
      tissue (w.w.). Relaxin was not detected immunocytochemically by light or electron
      microscopy. These data indicate that low quantities of relaxin are present in
      tissues and sera of pregnant ewes.

PMID- 3890969
TI  - Immunosuppressive activity associated with early pregnancy in the bovine.
AB  - Immunosuppressive activity was assessed in uterine flushings (UF) and uterine
      vein serum and plasma from nonpregnant and early-pregnant cows, and in media from
      the short-term culture of Day 18 bovine embryos. The preparations were tested for
      their ability to inhibit [3H] thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation into
      phytohemagglutinin-stimulated bovine lymphocytes. On Days 2-3 (called Day 3),
      Days 9-10 (called Day 10), and Days 17-19 (called Day 18) of the estrous cycle
      (estrus = Day 0) and pregnancy, untreated and superovulated cows were
      anesthesized and jugular vein and uterine vein blood was collected. The uteri
      were removed and flushed to obtain UF and embryos. Uterine flushings were
      concentrated and tested for immunosuppressive activity at 400 micrograms uterine
      protein/ml culture fluid. Uterine flushings from both Day 18 pregnant and Day 18
      nonpregnant cows were immunosuppressive (8/8), whereas Day 10 UF were usually not
      immunosuppressive (7/10). Day 3 UF were usually stimulatory or only marginally
      suppressive (8/8). Uterine vein serum and plasma from Day 18 cows were not
      suppressive when compared to jugular vein serum or plasma from the same cow;
      neither were Day 18 uterine vein serum or plasma suppressive when compared to
      those same samples taken from Day 3 cows. Embryo culture media obtained from the
      48-h culture of Day 18 embryos was consistently suppressive. The activity was
      lost after dialysis in 1000-Mr cut-off tubing, removed by charcoal, and reduced
      by protease digestion. These results suggest two mechanisms whereby the embryo
      could escape immune rejection: 1) the progesterone-induced secretion of a uterine
      immunosuppressive substance(s) and 2) the production by the embryo of a low
      molecular weight immunosuppressive substance(s).

PMID- 3890970
TI  - Do catecholamines play a physiologic role in regulating corpus luteum function in
      the pseudopregnant rabbit?
AB  - In these studies the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol was
      administered to estrogen-treated hypophysectomized pseudopregnant rabbits in
      vivo, and serum progesterone concentrations were measured to monitor luteal
      function. In Experiment 1, which was designed to determine an effective dose of
      propranolol, 1 mg/(kg X h) s.c. propranolol for 3 h (integral of 80 ng/ml in
      serum) gave an adequate level of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade, i.e., a 1000
      fold inhibition of the blood pressure/isoproterenol dose-response relationship.
      In Experiment 2, "acute" administration of propranolol (P; 1 mg/(kg X h) s.c.) or
      saline (control, C) for 24 h on Days 7-8, 10-11, and 13-14 of pseudopregnancy did
      not produce any marked differences in serum progesterone concentrations in P or C
      animals on any of the days tested, although hourly fluctuations were observed. In
      Experiment 3, "chronic" (4-day) treatment with propranolol was achieved by the
      use of propranolol-containing pellets placed s.c. (integral of 200-600 ng/ml in
      serum), on Days 13-17. Control animals received pellets of vehicle only. Serum
      progesterone concentrations were very similar in P and C animals throughout the
      period of treatment (Days 13-17) and on Days 18 and 20. We conclude that
      endogenous catecholamines play no major role in regulating luteal steroidogenesis
      or corpus luteum regression in the pseudopregnant rabbit.

PMID- 3890971
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of an H2A variant in the spermatogenic cells of
      the mouse.
AB  - Immunocytochemical localization of protein "A," an H2A variant, has been carried
      out in the adult, neonatal, and embryonic spermatogenic cells of the mouse using
      the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. The results indicate an apparent
      enrichment of this protein in the meiotic cells of the adult testis. In addition,
      T-prospermatogonia present in the neonatal mouse and 16-day-old embryos were
      found to be immunoreactive. By contrast, Sertoli cells and other somatic elements
      of the neonatal and embryonic gonads were only weakly immunoreactive. These data
      suggest potential usefulness of protein "A" as a nuclear marker of the embryonic
      spermatogenic cells.

PMID- 3890972
TI  - The structure and oxidation of two palladium ceramic fusing alloys.
AB  - The oxides formed at the surface of an alloy during preheating at about 1000
      degrees C prior to the firing of ceramic are vital for the formation of a strong
      chemical bond between alloy and porcelain. Replacing Au used as the basic
      constituent in the ceramic fusing alloys with Pd seems to have a rather small
      effect on the behaviour of the elements Sn and In which were found to oxidize
      internally. However, no external oxidation of the transition metal component Co
      was found, in contrast to Ni in Au-based alloys. After ceramic firing a zone
      enriched with Co and In is found in the interaction area between alloy and
      ceramic. In another alloy Ga was observed to oxidize internally and much more
      easily than Cu due to its much lower free energy of formation. A solid solution
      was produced in both the alloys by ceramic firing as shown by SEM studies.

PMID- 3890973
TI  - Sodium alginate as a mould release agent.
AB  - The use of sodium alginate as a mould release agent during the casting of epoxy
      or polyester resins in plaster moulds is discussed. The optimal concentration of
      a retarder is determined, taking into consideration the setting behaviour and the
      adhesive bond strength. The above characteristics are critical for the
      application and efficiency of the coating.

PMID- 3890974
TI  - Interface analysis of titanium and zirconium bone implants.
AB  - A thin layer of titanium or zirconium was evaporated onto the surface of a
      plastic implant which was then inserted in the rabbit tibial metaphysis for six
      months. The implants and surrounding bone were cut out en bloc and sectioned for
      phase contrast microscopy, scanning- and transmission-electron microscopy. The
      intact bone-to-metal interface in the case of titanium revealed a fibrous tissue
      free boundary zone with a 200-400 A thick proteoglycan coat immediately adjacent
      to the titanium oxide. Thereafter collagen filaments were seen and, at
      approximately 1000 A from the interface, collagen bundles. The tissues
      surrounding the zirconium-coated implant consisted of a 300-500 A thick
      proteoglycan layer, followed by a zone with collagen filaments and collagen
      bundles, not closer to the zirconium oxide than a few thousand A.

PMID- 3890975
TI  - Potential and limitations of drug targeting: an overview.
AB  - Potential and limitations of current efforts in drug targeting are discussed in
      terms of the criterion that targeting strategies must ultimately be gauged by
      their success in producing selectivity of pharmacological response thereby
      reducing or eliminating side effects which are not mechanism-related. A wide
      variety of approaches are considered, including: local drug administration,
      differential metabolism, carriers and vehicles, macromolecular recognition, site
      specific activation and molecular specificity. Each approach is briefly assessed
      for its potential to be developed as a realistic candidate for human health care.

PMID- 3890976
TI  - In vitro and in vivo biological responses to some dental alloys tested separately
      and in combinations.
AB  - Biocompatibility of dental alloys has been tested both in vivo and in vitro. In
      addition, combinations of dissimilar alloys were investigated in relation to
      possible enhanced corrosion by galvanic effects. Implantation tests, cytotoxicity
      tests on epithelial cells, macrophages and erythrocytes were performed, and the
      results compared. The severity of tissue response in implantation tests
      corresponded to the nobleness of the casting alloys joined to amalgam. Similar
      results were obtained in the in vitro macrophage test. All the alloys except the
      high-gold alloy (LM-Hard) had a toxic effect on epithelial cells. The combination
      of the casting alloys with amalgam diminished the toxic effect. Three of the
      alloys (amalgam, LM-Hard and Midi low-gold alloy) caused a slight haemolysis.
      Poor correlation was obtained between the agarose overlay tests, the haemolysis
      tests and the implantation tests.

PMID- 3890978
TI  - The effect of additional follow-up and accrual on survival time data.
AB  - A method called partial completion is proposed for predicting the gain in
      precision of the Kaplan-Meier survival curve associated with additional follow-up
      and accrual. This is accomplished by using the initial data to predict the
      numbers of patients who would be at risk at the observed death times by the end
      of the proposed second follow-up period. A consistency result ensures that the
      predictors will be accurate in large samples while simulation results suggest
      that the predictors are accurate with moderate sample sizes. The procedures are
      applied to a bone marrow transplant study and the Channing House data set.

PMID- 3890977
TI  - Evolution of cardiovascular baroreceptor control.

PMID- 3890979
TI  - A method for determining the pharmacokinetics of endogenous creatinine without
      exogenous creatinine administration.
AB  - A method for determining the individual pharmacokinetics of endogenous creatinine
      is derived and applied in 10 post-renal transplant patients. All patients had
      rapidly decreasing serum creatinine concentrations (C), but relatively constant
      creatinine clearance (Clcr) during the study period. Based on the multiple
      consecutive Clcr and the corresponding C, the elimination rate constant (K),
      volume of distribution (V), and daily creatinine production rate (R) for each
      patient were derived. The creatinine 'normal' t1/2 (corresponding to a Clcr of
      120 ml min-1) was also calculated. In the 10 patients studied, the observed Clcr
      ranged from 29.5 to 72.7 ml min-1. The corresponding calculated mean K was 0.076
      +/- 0.028 h-1; R was 20.0 +/- 5.7 mg kg-1 day-1, and V was 0.60 +/- 0.1 1 kg-1.
      The 'normal' t1/2 was 4.0 +/- 0.93 h. These pharmacokinetic parameters are
      consistent with those derived from radiotracer studies and other methods reported
      in the literature. The present study shows that the individual endogenous
      creatinine pharmacokinetics can be determined by a relatively simple and
      noninvasive method in certain selected patients if the appropriate serum and
      urinary creatinine concentrations are obtained.

PMID- 3890980
TI  - [Changes in the level of insulin-containing erythrocytes in the blood of animals
      and man under the influence of ethanol].
AB  - It has been shown by cytochemistry that the insulin-containing red cell count in
      blood of rats, rabbits and humans significantly decreases under the effect of
      ethanol. The changes disappear as ethanol is eliminated from the body.

PMID- 3890981
TI  - [Interaction of the lymph node and splenic lymphocytes of mice in inactivation of
      allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells].
AB  - A study was made of interaction of mouse spleen and lymph node lymphocytes in
      inactivation of allogeneic stem cells. It was established that T lymphocytes of
      the lymph nodes and spleen lymphocytes do not interact on combined
      administration; their action is of additive nature. B lymphocytes of the lymph
      nodes have a regulating activity both in respect to T lymphocytes of the lymph
      nodes and lymphocytes of the spleen. The stem cells serve as target. Depending on
      the stem cells/B lymphocytes ratio B lymphocytes are capable of exerting either
      helper or suppressor action.

PMID- 3890982
TI  - [Cultivation of reaggregated brain cells in rapidly rotating mini-rollers].
AB  - An original method of cultivation of reaggregated brain cells with the aid of
      high-speed portable mini-rollers is described. The mini-roller consists of
      parallel rollers and an electric motor rotating the flasks at a speed of 60 to 70
      rpm. The Moscona technique was used for preparing brain cell suspensions. During
      cultivation of the suspension of dissociated cells in high-speed mini-rollers,
      reaggregates with an internal organotypic structure were obtained. The method
      suggested provides stable and reproducible results.

PMID- 3890983
TI  - Mb1, a plasma membrane antigen selectively expressed by U-937 cells.
AB  - To examine the plasma membrane characteristics of an immature monocytic cell
      capable of proliferation, we have developed a murine monoclonal antibody that
      identifies an antigen, Mb1, found on the surface of U-937. In immunofluorescence
      analyses, Mb1 is not expressed by peripheral blood monocytes (freshly isolated,
      lymphokine-activated, or cultured for seven days), neutrophils, or any other
      circulating element. It is also absent on human bone marrow mononuclear cells,
      including the CFU-GM. Among a series of malignant cells from 50 patients with
      acute myeloid leukemia (including 22 with monocytic or myelomonocytic leukemia),
      no Mb1 expression was detected. Continuous human cell lines of B or T cell origin
      were also negative, as were the myeloid lines HL-60 and K562. Apart from U-937,
      which uniformly expresses Mb1 in high antigen density, only KG-1 (a myeloblastic
      line) exhibits Mb1 in low antigen density. Exposure of U-937 to phorbol diester
      (TPA) under conditions that induce features of macrophage differentiation
      (including the expression of Mo1) results in a significant reduction in Mb1
      expression. Mb1 expression is also reduced as a result of culture of U-937 in
      medium containing anti-Mb1 antibody (antigenic modulation). On sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of radiolabeled immunoprecipitates,
      Mb1 appears to be a dimeric protein with an estimated molecular weight of 80 kd
      (43 kd under reducing conditions). Antigenic activity on U-937 is destroyed by
      treatment with trypsin or papain but is regenerated after 24 hours' culture in
      enzyme-free medium. Mb1 is a constituent plasma membrane protein of U-937, and
      its degree of expression relates to the state of cellular differentiation.

PMID- 3890985
TI  - Interactions between lymphocytes and hematopoietic progenitor cells in normal and
      leukemic human bone marrow (phase contrast observations).
AB  - Single cell observations of normal and of leukemic human bone marrow cells
      demonstrated cell-cell interactions of lymphocytes with hematopoietic progenitor
      cells. In all cases lymphocytes and target cells were from the same individual.
      Lymphocyte-target cell interactions occurred more frequently with normal
      committed progenitor cells and leukemic blast cells from acute myeloid leukemia
      than with precursor cells of the proliferative cell pool, including myeloblasts,
      promonocytes, erythroblasts and megakaryocytes. Both induction of mitosis and
      degeneration of the progenitor cells occurred after cell-cell interaction with
      almost the same frequency. Acute myeloid leukemic blast cells degenerated after
      contact with lymphocytes with the same frequency as normal progenitor cells (i.
      e. in 16% of cell contacts), but especially during mitosis. In contrast, normal
      and regenerating bone marrow progenitor cells from myeloproliferative diseases
      demonstrated no degeneration after cell-cell interaction with lymphocytes during
      mitosis. Otherwise the induction of mitoses by lymphocyte-target cell
      interactions was more frequently observed in normal progenitor cells than in
      leukemic blasts.

PMID- 3890984
TI  - Plasmapheresis in paraproteinemia.
AB  - Indications, results, techniques, laboratory monitoring and complications of
      therapeutic plasmapheresis in patients with symptomatic paraproteinemia are
      reviewed. In paraproteinemia associated with severe complications plasma-pheresis
      has been used successfully as an emergency treatment, as a treatment that reduces
      temporarily the paraprotein level until reduction of resynthesis is reached by
      cytotoxic therapy, or as a longterm adjuvant therapy in cases of slowly
      proliferating plasmacytoma or lymphoma. Plasmapheresis has not been shown to
      influence the underlying malignant process. Paraprotein-related complications
      that can be reduced by plasmapheresis are hyperviscosity, hypervolemia,
      haemorrhagic diathesis, cryoglobulinemic symptoms, rapidly deteriorating renal
      insufficiency, visual impairment, and neurologic disturbances. Technically, large
      pored plasma filters have some advantage as compared to centrifugation
      techniques. Paraprotein-specific complications of therapeutic plasmapheresis are
      rare. As an ancillary treatment, therapeutic plasmapheresis has expanded the
      therapeutic tools in the management of paraproteinemia.

PMID- 3890986
TI  - Hepatitis safety of a new prothrombin complex preparation, sterilized according
      to the method of LoGrippo. Results of a prospective clinical trial.
AB  - In a controlled, prospective clinical trial with almost 300 patients undergoing
      cardiovascular surgery, the hepatitis risk was examined of a new prothrombin
      complex (PPSB) preparation produced from pooled plasma, which was cold sterilized
      according to the method of LoGrippo with beta-propiolactone and UV-light. Of 268
      evaluable patients, 102 belonged to a group receiving PPSB and 166 belonged to a
      control group without PPSB. 25 batches of PPSB in dosages of up to 4,500 units
      per patient, in total, were used. The mean requirement for transfusion of blood
      or plasma was 10 units per patient in the group receiving PPSB and slightly more
      than 2 units per patient in the control group. In both of the groups, 3 hepatitis
      infections occurred (5 cases of non-A, non-B, 1 case of type B), corresponding to
      hepatitis incidences of 2.9 and 1.8%, respectively. The difference in hepatitis
      incidence between both groups was statistically not significant. This
      demonstrates, on the one hand, the hepatitis safety of the sterilized PPSB and,
      on the other, that multiple transfusion is no longer associated with a high risk
      of hepatitis when the guidelines of modern donor screening are followed.

PMID- 3890987
TI  - [Hormonal regulation of the normal mammary gland].
AB  - Development and differentiation of mammary gland are controlled by a large number
      of hormones. In embryo, foetal androgens induce a partial necrosis of mammary
      epithelium. This action is mediated by cells of the parenchyma which is the real
      target of androgens. Estrogens are not true growth factor in normal mammary
      gland: they deliver a message of unknown chemical nature, which allows growth
      factors to act. The growth factors of mammary cells are only partially known.
      Clones of the various mammary cell types have been obtained (fibroblasts,
      adipocytes, myoepithelial and epithelial cells). These clones are a good tool to
      determine growth factors specific of each cell type. Under the influence of GH,
      mammary fibroblasts are transformed into preadipocytes which secrete a growth
      factor (PGE2) which specifically stimulates multiplication of mammary epithelial
      cells. Other growth factors induced by oestrogens or prolactin have been
      identified but their exact role remains unknown. Induction of milk synthesis is
      under the strict dependency of prolactin. The action of this hormone is strongly
      stimulated by glucocorticoids and insulin at high concentrations and it is
      inhibited by progesterone and EGF. Prolactin stimulates transcription of milk
      protein genes and this stimulation is modulated by glucocorticoids and
      progesterone. Induction of casein and DNA synthesis by prolactin can be mimicked
      by polyclonal and monoclonal anti-prolactin receptor antibodies. Collagen is
      necessary for isolated epithelial mammary cells to respond to prolactin signal.
      The role of other components of the extracellular matrix (proteoglycans,
      glycoproteins) is partially known. Specific peripheral markers corresponding to
      the different cell types and to the various stages of mammary gland development
      have been identified. All these cellular and molecular parameters are compared in
      normal and tumor mammary cells to point out possible differences.

PMID- 3890988
TI  - Pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide by rebreathing in mechanically
      ventilated patients.
AB  - Determination of pulmonary diffusing capacity is a routine method in pulmonary
      function laboratories for spontaneous breathing patients. However, it is not used
      in intensive care medicine for controlled ventilated patients with severe
      respiratory failure. We describe a rebreathing method for determination of
      pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DCO) during mechanical
      ventilation based on an improved mathematical approach by Piiper and coworkers.
      The theoretical two-compartment model and the mathematical analysis are
      described. Factors (such as functional inhomogeneities, central blood volume,
      haemoglobin concentration, oxygen partial pressure, etc.) affecting this complex
      parameter of gas exchange are discussed. As the rebreathing technique for DCO
      seems to be influenced least by functional inhomogeneities in the diseased lung,
      it is advantageously qualified for measurements in intensive care patients. By
      adding an insoluble inert gas (for instance argon), functional residual capacity
      (FRC) can be determined at the same time. The method is well reproducible (+/-
      3.8% for DCO and +/- 2.1% for FRC in duplicate determinations). During mechanical
      ventilation, the borderline towards pathological values determined by this method
      proved to be about 10 ml . min-1 . mmHg-1. First experimental and clinical
      results are presented which demonstrate DCO to be a qualified parameter for
      evaluating the pulmonary gas exchange function, indicating a progression of
      respiratory failure.

PMID- 3890989
TI  - Differential ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Indications and outcome.
AB  - Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a life-threatening condition which frequently
      requires ventilatory support. Many patients die of hypoxaemia despite a high
      inspired oxygen concentration and application of general positive end-expiratory
      pressure (PEEP). Differential ventilation has been used in selected patients with
      unilateral lung disease or with large inequalities in pathology between the two
      lungs. An important contributor to the hypoxaemia is a vertical inequality in the
      ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) matching. This can be compensated for by placing the
      patient in the lateral position, ventilating each lung separately in proportion
      to its assumed blood flow, and applying PEEP selectively to the dependent lung to
      counteract airway closure and alveolar collapse and thus improve the gas
      distribution within that lung. This ventilatory regime should promote V/Q
      matching better than general PEEP, and will not impede cardiac output. Major
      improvement in gas exchange has been achieved in short-term experiments and in
      prolonged ventilator treatment of patients with ARF.

PMID- 3890990
TI  - Ventilatory support for pulmonary failure of the head trauma patient.
AB  - Severe head trauma patients frequently develop pulmonary failure. The aetiology
      of this respiratory distress may be central (neurogenic pulmonary oedema, delayed
      neurogenic pulmonary dysfunction, abnormal respiratory patterns) or peripheral,
      due to chest trauma, multiple trauma or lung infection. Hypoxia and hypercarbia
      alter cerebral haemodynamics, increase intracranial pressure and cause secondary
      deterioration of neurological function. Ventilatory support is of utmost
      importance in supportive care of head trauma patients. Continuous mechanical
      ventilation and intermittent mandatory ventilation are most frequently employed.
      Hyperventilation is used to lower intracranial pressure and positive end
      expiratory pressure (PEEP) is applied in lung disorders characterized by
      interstitial oedema and alveolar collapse. The effects of PEEP on cerebral
      perfusion pressure and on intracranial pressure depend on the interaction of
      pulmonary compliance, cerebral pressure/volume relationship and cerebral vascular
      autoregulation. High levels of PEEP may be deleterious in patients with altered
      cerebral autoregulation. High frequency ventilation theoretically has less
      influence on intrathoracic pressures and on cerebral haemodynamics but has not
      been shown superior in the respiratory support of severe head trauma patients.

PMID- 3890992
TI  - The trouble with bovine tuberculosis.

PMID- 3890991
TI  - Respiratory monitoring: current techniques and some new developments.
AB  - Despite achievements in measurement and monitoring capability, owing especially
      to the advent of the computer in the intensive care unit, there has not been a
      commensurate improvement in outlook for adult patients in acute respiratory
      failure. Development of invasive and noninvasive probes employing biological
      specific markers, transcutaneous gas tension devices, novel respiratory and
      anesthetic gas detection equipment, and flowmeters based on ultrasonics offers
      the promise of improved early warning and diagnostic capability which may improve
      the prognosis for the patient in acute respiratory failure. These emerging
      technologies are briefly described and evaluated in the context of the intensive
      care environment.

PMID- 3890993
TI  - "Typhus" fever in eighteenth-century hospitals: new approaches to medical
      treatment.

PMID- 3890994
TI  - Treading the elephant's tail: medical problems on the overland trails.

PMID- 3890995
TI  - The selective transport of medical knowledge: antebellum American physicians and
      Parisian medical therapeutics.

PMID- 3890996
TI  - The immigrant midwives of Lawrence: the conflict between law and culture in early
      twentieth-century Massachusetts.

PMID- 3890997
TI  - History of the development of medical information.

PMID- 3890998
TI  - The physician as bibliographer.

PMID- 3890999
TI  - Collecting medical books--challenges and opportunities in the eighties.

PMID- 3891000
TI  - The impact of electronic computers and other technologies on information
      resources for the physician.

PMID- 3891001
TI  - Invasive ultrasound imaging.
AB  - Ultrasound imaging is an invaluable method of diagnosis in soft tissues. In a
      single decade, technological progress has converted a technique practised by a
      few enthusiasts into a high resolution tool accessible to any clinician. The
      equipment cost is low and the technique does not involve ionizing radiation, is
      noninvasive, and is comfortable for the patient. What is the justification for
      the emerging techniques of invasive ultrasound imaging?

PMID- 3891002
TI  - X-radiation in the management of rheumatoid disease.
AB  - Few topics are more emotive than the use of radiotherapy for nonlethal diseases.
      Memories of Hiroshima and of patients with ankylosing spondylitis dying of
      leukaemia following irradiation haunt the physician. Nevertheless, there are
      exciting developments in our understanding of total lymphoid irradiation - a
      modality that results in striking immunosuppression. Should total lymphoid
      irradiation be used for rheumatoid disease?

PMID- 3891003
TI  - Blood cultures.
AB  - A large number of variables determine the success rate of isolation and
      identification of organisms from blood cultures, these include patient-population
      characteristics, clinical methods, and laboratory techniques. Many aspects may
      influence results and their interpretation, such as timing of specimens, culture
      media, and significance of isolates.

PMID- 3891004
TI  - Blood loss measurement during transurethral resection of the prostate gland.
AB  - The application of the indicator dilution technique for the estimation of blood
      loss during transurethral resection of the prostate gland is explained. The
      feasibility of using potassium ions as an intrinsic indicator was investigated.
      The most important factors affecting blood loss are considered. The advantages
      and inherent sources of error are discussed and some tentative conclusions drawn
      concerning the factors affecting blood loss.

PMID- 3891005
TI  - Catheter-induced urethritis: a comparison between latex and silicone catheters in
      a prospective clinical trial.
AB  - A controlled randomised prospective study has been carried out on 100 male
      patients to compare the incidence of urethritis following catheterisation with
      either latex or silicone catheters. All patients underwent elective cardiac
      surgery and were catheterised for 48 h with antibiotic cover, and were followed
      up for 6 months post-operatively. Of those with latex catheters 22% developed
      urethritis, compared with 2% of those in the silicone catheter group. This
      difference is statistically significant (P less than 0.01). Two of the former
      patients developed a decreased urinary flow and both had tight anterior urethral
      strictures.

PMID- 3891006
TI  - Rat peritoneal implantation test. A new method for tissue toxicity testing of
      urinary catheters.
AB  - Severe urethral inflammatory reactions followed by strictures have been reported
      after short-term catheterisation with latex catheters since 1982. In this study a
      new method for assessing tissue toxicity is presented. It is based on the degree
      of inhibition of rat peritoneal foreign body reaction. Because the results are
      easier to interpret and more quantitative than those of the rabbit muscle
      implantation test, the rat peritoneal implantation test is recommended as a
      standard in vivo toxicity test.

PMID- 3891007
TI  - Ultrasound examination of the scrotum.
AB  - The technique of real time ultrasound examination of the scrotum is described.
      The examination was performed on 120 patients and was found to be a helpful
      diagnostic aid in scrotal swelling and in the acute painful scrotum. It is
      recommended as a useful investigation for scrotal abnormalities.

PMID- 3891008
TI  - Percutaneous pyelolysis: a new approach to post-transplant ureteric obstruction.

PMID- 3891009
TI  - Helminths of the camel: a review.

PMID- 3891010
TI  - Changes in lymphocyte subsets during the course of experimental allergic
      neuritis.
AB  - The percentages of various leucocyte subsets in the blood, spleen and popliteal
      lymph nodes of animals with experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) were determined
      at various times between the initiation of the disease and recovery. The total
      cell yield from these tissues and the weights of the spleens and lymph nodes were
      recorded. Clinical and histological signs of disease were assessed at the same
      time points. Normal and adjuvant control animals were also studied. The most
      marked change observed was that the percentage of MRC OX 8+
      ('suppressor/cytotoxic') cells in the blood of animals with EAN was significantly
      below the normal value during the most severe clinical disease, and then returned
      to normal during recovery. Adjuvant controls did not show this change. No
      significant differences were observed in the other lymphocyte subsets studied
      (surface Ig+, Ia+, W3.13+ and W3.25+ cells) or in the total white cell count in
      the blood. There were no changes from normal values in any of the parameters
      examined in the spleen. The popliteal lymph nodes were enlarged in both adjuvant
      controls and animals with EAN and both showed a decrease in the percentage of
      W3.25+ lymphocytes from normal unenlarged nodes.

PMID- 3891011
TI  - Alexander's disease. A disease of astrocytes.
AB  - Alexander's disease is a rare and poorly understood cause of progressive
      neurological deterioration. Although the clinical history depends on the age
      group involved, the histological character and distribution of lesions tend to be
      uniform. The pathological features argue strongly that Alexander's disease
      represents a nonneoplastic disease of astrocytes. Numerous questions remain
      unanswered, including the factors responsible for the severity of the illness in
      the infantile group and the mechanism of demyelination secondary to astrocytic
      dysfunction. This series of 6 patients with Alexander's disease represents a wide
      spectrum of ages, enabling the pathological and clinical abnormalities to be
      related to a postulated mechanism of astrocytic dysfunction.

PMID- 3891012
TI  - Distribution of neuropeptide Y in the lower brainstem: an immunohistochemical
      analysis.
AB  - The distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactive (NPYI) structures in
      the rat lower brainstem was examined by means of indirect immunofluorescence or
      peroxidase-antiperoxidase methods. In addition to the well known immunoreactive
      NPYI containing cell groups, the present study demonstrated a much wider
      distribution of immunoreactive NPYI cells in the lower brainstem, i.e. substantia
      nigra pars lateralis, interpeduncular nucleus, inferior colliculus, nucleus
      cuneiformis, dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden, nucleus laterodorsalis tegmenti,
      nucleus vestibularis medialis, nucleus vestibularis inferioris, in the fasciculus
      longitudinalis medialis and nucleus parvocellularis compacta. We also
      demonstrated an extensive network of NPYI fibers in various areas of the lower
      brainstem including the auditory system, viscerosensory system, visceromotor
      system, raphe nuclei, reticular formation, parabrachial area, locus coeruleus and
      interpeduncular nucleus, etc. The possible importance of NPY is briefly
      discussed.

PMID- 3891013
TI  - Evidence for the coexistence of acetylcholine and enkephalin in the sympathetic
      preganglionic neurons of rats.
AB  - The localization of the cholinergic neurons in the lower thoracic segments of the
      spinal cord of rats was examined by a monoclonal antibody against choline
      acetyltransferase (ChAT). The ChAT-immunoreactive neurons were located in the
      intermediate as well as anterior gray matters. In the intermediate gray the
      highest incidence of the immunoreactive neurons was in the nucleus
      intermediolateralis, followed by the nucleus intercalatus pars paraependymalis
      and a few immunoreactive neurons were seen in the nucleus intercalatus proprius.
      In the sequential immunostaining of one and the same section of the spinal cord
      pretreated with colchicine using the ChAT antibody and a polyclonal antibody
      against methionine-enkephalin-argynine-glycine-leucine (Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu),
      substantial numbers of neurons were immunostained simultaneously by the two
      antibodies in the intermediate gray matter. The present finding gives strong
      evidence for the coexistence of acetylcholine and enkephalins in, at least, some
      of the preganglionic neurons projecting their axons to the periphery.

PMID- 3891014
TI  - Blood-brain barrier permeability to leucine-enkephalin, D-alanine2-D-leucine5
      enkephalin and their N-terminal amino acid (tyrosine).
AB  - The permeability of the blood-brain barrier to [tyrosyl-3,5-3H]enkephalin-(5-L
      leucine) (abbreviated to Leu-Enk) and of its synthetic analogue D-alanine2
      [tyrosyl-3,5-3H]enkephalin-(5-D-leucine) (abbreviated to D-Ala2-D-Leu5-Enk) was
      studied, in the adult rat, by means of Oldendorf's27 intracarotid injection
      technique. The brain uptake index (BUI) corrected for residual vascular
      radioactivity was about the same for both peptides, indicating a low extraction
      from the blood during a 5- or 15-s period of exposure to the peptides. Transport
      of Leu-Enk was not saturated by unlabelled Enk at a concentration as high as 5 mM
      but was completely abolished by 5mM tyrosine and by the inhibitor of
      aminopeptidase activity, bacitracin (2 mM). Also the typical L-transport system
      substrate, 2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2 carboxylic acid (BCH)9 at 10 mM
      concentration markedly reduced (by 80%) Leu-Enk uptake by the brain. In contrast,
      brain uptake of D-Ala2-D-Leu5-Enk was reduced only to about one-half of its
      control value by bacitracin or by 25% by BCH. Brain uptake for L-tyrosine was
      typically large and markedly inhibited by BCH but not inhibited by 5 mM
      unlabelled Leu-Enk. These results show that the measurable but low first-pass
      extractions for enkephalins are not representative of the uptake of these
      peptides into the brain, but rather reflect their extreme sensitivity to
      enzymatic degradation with a release of the N-terminal tyrosine residue. The
      results also suggest that small amounts of D-Ala2-D-Leu5-Enk might cross the
      blood-brain barrier in an intact form.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3891015
TI  - Localization of elevated glutaminase immunoreactivity in small DRG neurons.
AB  - Glutamate has long been considered to be a neurotransmitter candidate in
      vertebrate spinal sensory nerve cells. We report here the first
      immunohistochemical evidence in support of this hypothesis. We find that up to
      30% of the moderately small dorsal root ganglion neurons in the rat contain
      elevated levels of glutaminase immunoreactivity. This enzyme, which mediates the
      synthesis of glutamate from glutamine, is not found at these high levels in large
      diameter neurons of the same ganglia. In contrast, another enzyme associated with
      glutamate metabolism, aspartate aminotransferase, is rather uniformly distributed
      within neurons of the sensory ganglia. These data define a subpopulation of
      sensory neurons which appear to contain an elevated capacity to synthesize
      glutamate through the glutamine cycle and suggest that glutaminase
      immunoreactivity may be an indicator of glutamatergic function in some nerve
      cells.

PMID- 3891016
TI  - Expression of H-2 antigen on oligodendrocytes is induced by soluble factors from
      concanavalin A activated T cells.
AB  - It has been shown that soluble factors from activated T cells, or interferon
      alone, enhance the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens
      in several cell types. In this study we have demonstrated, by means of indirect
      immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay, that the expression of mouse MHC class I
      antigen (H-2) on isolated mouse oligodendrocytes is induced by soluble factors
      from concanavalin A activated T cells. Autoradiographic studies indicate that
      this induction of H-2 expression is not accompanied by proliferation of
      oligodendrocytes.

PMID- 3891017
TI  - Ultrastructural evidence of direct synaptic contact of catecholamine terminals
      with oxytocin-containing neurons in the parvocellular portion of the rat
      hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.
AB  - Ultrastructural evidence of the direct interaction between catecholamine (CA)
      terminals and oxytocin (OX)-containing neurons in the parvocellular portion of
      the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus was demonstrated using
      immunohistochemistry combined with false transmitter (5-hydroxydopamine, 5-OHDA)
      histochemistry. At the parvocellular portion, 5-OHDA labelled CA terminals make
      synaptic contact with proximal dendrites or somas of OX-positive cells,
      suggesting that the ascending CA system monosynaptically regulates the
      extrahypothalamic OX system.

PMID- 3891018
TI  - Blockade of cholinergic receptors in the C1 area abolishes hypertensive response
      to opiates in the A1 area of the ventrolateral medulla.
AB  - Opiate receptor stimulation by microinjections of a delta-receptor agonist, D
      Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADLE) into the caudal depressor (A1) area of the
      ventrolateral medulla produced a hypertensive response which was prevented as
      well as reversed by the blockade of cholinergic receptors in the rostral pressor
      (C1) area. These results suggest that the hypertensive responses to opiates in
      the A1 area are mediated via cholinergic mechanisms in the rostral C1 area of the
      ventrolateral medulla and acetylcholine may be the neurotransmitter released in
      the ventrolateral pressor area.

PMID- 3891019
TI  - Selective facilitatory effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on
      muscarinic firing in vesical ganglia of the cat.
AB  - VIP immunoreactivity was identified in nerve fibers and in 10-13% of the neurons
      in pelvic and bladder ganglia of the cat. Ninety percent of the VIP positive
      neurons contained acetylcholinesterase. VIP immunoreactivity was not altered in
      decentralized ganglia 1 week to 8 months after transection of the pelvic and
      hypogastric nerves indicating that VIP fibers arose from neurons within the
      peripheral nervous system. The intra-arterial administration of VIP (1-50
      micrograms/kg) enhanced the postganglionic discharge elicited by the muscarinic
      agonist, acetyl-beta-methylcholine, but did not alter the postganglionic firing
      elicited by the nicotinic agonist, tetramethylammonium or by electrical
      stimulation of preganglionic axons in the pelvic nerve. VIP did not elicit a
      postganglionic discharge in untreated ganglia, but did evoke a prolonged
      discharge in ganglia treated with an irreversible anticholinesterase agent,
      217AO. This discharge was not affected by hexamethonium but was blocked by
      atropine. VIP suppressed the muscarinic inhibition of ganglionic transmission
      produced by acetyl-beta-methylcholine without altering the response to other
      inhibitory agents (norepinephrine, leucine-enkephalin and gamma-aminobutyric acid
      (GABA). VIP (0.1-0.3 micrograms/kg) also had a direct inhibitory effect on
      bladder smooth muscle. These findings raise the possibility that intraganglionic
      pathways containing VIP may exert a selective modulatory influence on muscarinic
      transmission in vesical parasympathetic ganglia.

PMID- 3891020
TI  - Establishment of Muller cell cultures from adult rat retina.
AB  - During a recent study of the effects of photoreceptor degeneration on Muller
      cells, we observed that unlike glia from normal adult retinas, glia from
      degenerating rat retinas could be cultured and maintained in vitro for several
      weeks. Using a variety of cell type specific antisera, we show that at least 70%
      of cells in these cultures are derived from Muller cells.

PMID- 3891021
TI  - The twitcher mouse: positive immunohistochemical staining of globoid cells with
      monoclonal antibody against Mac-1 antigen.
AB  - The expression of Mac-1 antigen (macrophage surface antigen) was studied by the
      immunoperoxidase method in the nervous system of the twitcher mouse (an authentic
      murine model of globoid cell leukodystrophy) from day 10 to day 39, to elucidate
      the origin of the globoid cells. Mac-1 positive cells were seen in peripheral
      nervous system (PNS) at all ages examined. The positive cells in central nervous
      system (CNS) showed staining characteristics similar to those in PNS, but in the
      CNS positive cells they appeared first at day 15 and increased significantly in
      older mice. These cells were always predominant in the white matter. There were
      few positive cells in the neural parenchyma of control mice before day 10 but
      none thereafter. The occurrence and the preferential distribution indicate that
      it is quite likely that Mac-1 positive cells in the twitcher mouse represent
      globoid cells. Twitcher mice which were previously given colloidal carbon
      intravenously, had some Mac-1 positive cells which contained carbon particles
      both in the CNS and PNS. These facts indicate that globoid cells are the cells of
      monocytic lineage and at least some of them are derived from blood monocytes.

PMID- 3891022
TI  - A histological atlas of the macaque (Macaca mulatta) substantia nigra in
      ventricular coordinates.
AB  - An atlas of the macaque substantia nigra was established in ventricular
      coordinates. Having verified that nigral contours are stable in both Macaca
      mulatta and Macaca speciosa, the antero-posterior sequence of four subdivisions
      was described on eight vertico-transverse levels after a comparison between
      histological and histochemical data. The pars reticulata constitutes the anterior
      pole containing pale, small cell-bodies scattered among the numerous endings of
      the striato-pallido-nigral fibres. Anteriorly, the pars compacta forms the dorsal
      border of the substantia nigra, but more posteriorly, it leaves the dorsal border
      and develops ventral fringes. Its large cell-bodies, most often pigmented, rich
      in Nissl bodies and in acetylcholinesterase, are closely spaced among a few
      axonal fascicles. The pars lateralis contains a low density of cell-bodies and
      corresponds to the hilum of entrance of the striato-pallido-nigral fibres and
      gives rise to a nigro-tectal projection. The pars mixta, dorsally located,
      contains a low density of neurons varying considerably in size. It represents the
      hilum of exit of nigral axons which project to various targets.

PMID- 3891023
TI  - Variables determining the amount of microbial contamination on cadaveric
      allograft skin used as a biological wound dressing.
AB  - The increased availability and use of cadaveric allograft skin as a temporary
      burn wound dressing has emphasized the need for a complete understanding of the
      parameters affecting the contamination level of this material. We undertook a
      prospective evaluation of the allograft skin obtained from 300 cadaveric donors
      over 5 years. We evaluated the contribution to skin contamination of eight
      parameters: sex, age, race, cause of death, elapsed time postmortem before skin
      removal, total refrigerated storage time of the skin prior to cryopreservation,
      donor body area from which the skin was removed, and choice of surgical operators
      or teams. The only parameters significantly related to skin contamination level
      were the choice of surgical operator or team which prepared the body and removed
      the skin (P = 0.0001) and the acceptance of skin from donors when the cause of
      death was unknown but presumed to be from natural causes (PNC) such as myocardial
      infarction or cerebral vascular accident (P = 0.006). In the case of the PNC
      deaths, there was only a small 3.4 per cent increase in bacterial contamination
      and no increase in fungi or yeast, while some surgical operators were associated
      with five-fold more bacterial contamination and nearly 13-fold more fungal
      contamination than other surgical operators. We conclude that the performance of
      surgical operators appears to be the major determinant of the microbiological
      cleanliness of skin from cadaveric allograft donors.

PMID- 3891024
TI  - Grafting with epidermal Langerhans cell depressed cadaver split skin.
AB  - Viable cadaver split skin is very useful as a temporary coverage of excised
      burns. However, the functional time on the patients is short (2-3 weeks) due to
      rejection of the tissue. By depression of the epidermal Langerhans cell by
      ultraviolet light B and glucocorticosteroid, a prolongation of the allograft
      survival can be obtained.

PMID- 3891025
TI  - Thermal-crush injuries of the hands and forearms: an analysis of 60 cases.
AB  - The treatment of injuries inflicted on hands and occasionally forearms by
      crushing between hot rigid surfaces (thermal crush injury) is usually complex
      because of the possibility of fractures, nerve and tendon injuries, as well as
      heat destruction of the skin which also may be macerated. A review of the
      treatment of 60 patients with thermal crush injuries has defined the more
      important aspects of treatment including the choice of materials for wound
      coverage (split thickness skin or tube pedicle tissue graft) and the optimal time
      for surgical repair of the injury.

PMID- 3891027
TI  - Exposure-Eusol treatment for burn wounds.
AB  - Data from 45 adult patients with flame burns covering up to 20 per cent EAB
      (Group 1), 21-40 per cent (Group 2), and 41-60 per cent (Group 3) are presented.
      Each group contains 15 patients with 29 females and 16 males, and females had the
      more extensive burns. All the patients were treated by the exposure method
      followed by Eusol dressings beginning between post burn days 5 and 7, i.e. as
      soon as infection was detected or the eschar had started separating. Eusol is an
      effective antibacterial agent and also assists in slough separation. It appears
      to be inactive against living tissues and helps obtain healthy granulation
      tissue. The bed thus created is ideal for grafting. A burn wound up to 40 per
      cent EAB is suitable for treatment by the exposure-Eusol method. Septicaemia was
      the common cause of mortality and its incidence was directly related to the
      extent of injury.

PMID- 3891026
TI  - Chemical burns of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - Burns of the upper gastrointestinal tract, caused by acids, alkalis, drugs or
      heat may lead to stenoses, some of them severe, to perforations, to inanition and
      to the patient's death. The type of damage differs among the various groups of
      noxious agents. First aid at home is almost non existent. On admission every
      effort must be made to identify the ingested material. Parenteral fluids and
      antibiotics are used and in some patients nutritional support will be required.
      The extent of the damage must be evaluated endoscopically. Strictures, caused by
      intramuscular collagen formation, could possibly be prevented by steroid therapy.
      If stenoses occur, these must be cautiously dilated. A late complication of
      oesophageal burns is carcinoma. There appears to be a relation between this grave
      complication and the use of very hot beverages in certain countries where
      oesophageal cancer is common. Upper gastrointestinal burns are similar to skin
      burns, however, their dangers may be greater as they occur in a pipe-like
      structure and very close to vital viscera.

PMID- 3891028
TI  - Host regulation of MOPC 104E plasmacytoma after reduction of tumor burden by
      total body irradiation.
AB  - Radiation-sensitive BALB/c MOPC 104E plasmacytoma was studied to investigate the
      effectiveness of total body irradiation in reducing tumor burden and preventing
      tumor regrowth. Also noted were the effects of such radiation on host immunity.
      BALB/c mice bearing 7-day-old occult tumors were not rendered free of disease
      when treated with radiation of 300 or 500 rad. However, all of the mice treated
      with 800 rad were cured. When mice bearing large tumors (24-days-old) were
      similarly treated, no cures were observed in the group treated with 300 rad. Of
      mice treated with 500 rad, 44% were cured, as were 100% given 800 rad of
      treatment. The percent reduction in serum MOPC 104E IgM increased with increasing
      radiation doses for the "large tumor" group. These observations show that total
      body irradiation may result in tumor elimination in an experimental animal
      multiple myeloma model. At lower radiation doses, host immunity appears to play
      an important role in achieving cure.

PMID- 3891029
TI  - Intestinal absorption of nutrients in animals dosed orally with retinoids:
      considerations for chemopreventive studies.
AB  - Biochemical measurements demonstrate that, in some species, various retinoids
      administered in the diet, can reduce the tissue contents of several lipid-soluble
      compounds: vitamin K, alpha-tocopherol, cholesterol, and vitamin A itself. The
      effect is probably due to an interference with intestinal absorption, as
      indicated by use of radioactive compounds and administration of bile acids. In
      male rats, a vitamin K deficiency induced by retinoids in the diet can lead to
      fatal hemorrhaging. Although retinoids inhibit the uptake of dietary cholesterol,
      they do not change plasma and tissue concentrations of the endogenous compound.
      Conversely, cholesterol in the diet appears to interfere with the absorption of
      retinyl esters. alpha-Tocopherol deficiency caused by retinoids results in
      tissues with low antioxidant and high peroxide concentrations. Humans may be less
      susceptible to these effects of retinoids, which, however, still deserve
      consideration in the planning of clinical trials.

PMID- 3891030
TI  - Anemia in cancer.
AB  - In summary, anemia developing in a patient with cancer can be due to several
      different factors. A relative failure of erythropoiesis, in conjunction with a
      modestly shortened erythrocyte survival, is the most likely explanation for the
      anemia and can occur in patients with or without bone marrow invasion. Several
      theories have been proposed to explain the mechanism of limited red cell
      production in cancer. Internal iron starvation and cancer toxic factors have been
      widely implicated. Immunoglobulin inhibitors of erythropoiesis occur in the rare
      entity, pure red cell aplasia, which is sometimes associated with thymomas.
      Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia can also occur
      in patients with solid cancers, pointing out the need for a complete evaluation
      of anemia in any patient with recent-onset anemia. Successful treatment and
      prognostic implications of anemia in cancer is dependent on proper diagnosis.

PMID- 3891031
TI  - C. Henry Kempe remembered.

PMID- 3891032
TI  - The battered-child syndrome by C. Henry Kempe, Frederic N. Silverman, Brandt F.
      Steele, William Droegemueller and Henry K. Silver. Landmark article 1962, Journal
      of the American Medical Association.

PMID- 3891033
TI  - Rectal methohexitone induction in pediatric outpatients: physostigmine does not
      enhance recovery.
AB  - Rectal methohexitone (25 mg X kg-1) was used to induce anaesthesia in 15
      unpremedicated children scheduled to undergo bilateral myringotomies as
      outpatients. Induction time ranged from 4 to 11 minutes. In the recovery room,
      all children received a slow intravenous injection of physostigmine (60
      micrograms X kg-1), or saline in a double blind randomized fashion. The use of
      physostigmine did not significantly decrease the recovery room stay as compared
      to placebo (34 vs. 43 minutes). Vomiting and soiling were two side-effects
      associated with the use of physostigmine.

PMID- 3891034
TI  - Haemodynamic monitoring: cardiovascular system function.

PMID- 3891035
TI  - Haemodynamic monitoring: measurement of systemic blood pressure.

PMID- 3891037
TI  - Treatment philosophy in dental schools.

PMID- 3891036
TI  - Haemodynamic monitoring: pulmonary artery catheterization.

PMID- 3891038
TI  - Canadian Academy of Periodontology endorses importance of NIH study on Keyes
      method.

PMID- 3891039
TI  - Painless Parker! The intervening years. Painless Parker II (Edgar R. Parker).

PMID- 3891040
TI  - Drug induced xerostomia. The effects and treatment.

PMID- 3891041
TI  - Developing a computerized data base for demographic and epidemiological studies
      of oral diseases.

PMID- 3891042
TI  - Courseware evaluation: a guide for nursing educators.

PMID- 3891043
TI  - Experiences in publishing nursing computer software.

PMID- 3891044
TI  - Introducing nursing students to computers.

PMID- 3891045
TI  - Adjustable-suture strabismus surgery: a review of 255 consecutive cases.
AB  - Adjustable-suture strabismus surgery was performed on 255 patients under general
      anesthesia. Prophylactic topical and oral antibiotic therapy was used in all
      cases; only one postoperative infection occurred. Adjustments were needed for 123
      patients and were done under topical tetracaine anesthesia within a few hours
      after recovery from general anesthesia. Overall the adjustments appeared to be
      reliable. The use of droperidol, however, made reliable adjustment impossible in
      two cases and is therefore strongly contraindicated if suture adjustment is to be
      done within a few hours of general anesthesia. There were two cases of temporary
      palsy of the muscle with the adjustable suture, presumed to be due to the topical
      anesthetic. Unexpectedly large effects of the surgery occurred in three cases of
      acquired sixth cranial nerve palsy in which full abduction had been recovered but
      a concomitant esotropia remained and in a few cases in which the muscles had
      previously been resected and there were normal active ductions preoperatively.
      Contraindications to the use of adjustable sutures in strabismus surgery may
      include multiple orbital fractures, previous orbital floor decompression for
      dysthyroid ophthalmopathy, and a variable angle.

PMID- 3891046
TI  - Anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery.

PMID- 3891048
TI  - Effect of phentolamine on the insulin, glucagon, and glucose responses to
      exercise in adrenal-denervated sheep.
AB  - Hyperglycemia and increased hepatic glucose output are characteristic responses
      to exercise in sheep. They appear to be due in part to alpha-adrenergic
      stimulation. To delineate the contributions of sympathetic innervation and
      adrenal catecholamines to the hormonal and metabolic responses to exercise,
      adrenal-denervated sheep were exercised with and without alpha-blockade
      (phentolamine treatment). Alpha blockade exaggerated the hyperinsulinemia during
      exercise (increment of 61 +/- 8 vs. 34 +/- 7 microU/mL for the control). This was
      associated with a reduction in glucose appearance (increments of 63 +/- 8 vs. 236
      +/- 23 mumol/min, respectively). The metabolic clearance rates were not altered
      by alpha-blockade. It appears that both the adrenal catecholamines and adrenergic
      innervation to the pancreas contribute to the prevention of a rise in insulin
      concentrations during exercise in sheep. While this may not be essential for
      glucose appearance to rise during exercise, it appears necessary for an optimal
      response.

PMID- 3891047
TI  - Modifications evoked by piretanide in the mechanical activity of cardiovascular
      tissues.
AB  - The effects of piretanide upon mechanical activity and pharmacological reactivity
      of vascular and myocardial tissues from normotensive rats were investigated.
      Magnitude of phasic contractions of isolated rat portal vein was diminished by
      the drug in a dose-related manner; contractile depression induced by piretanide
      (10(-4)M) was less in the presence of insulin (0.1 U/mL), glucose (22 mM) or
      pyruvate (5 mM). Responses to KCl (90 mM), or norepinephrine (2.5 X 10(-5)M) were
      also reduced. Contractile activity of atria and ventricle strips was diminished
      only when piretanide reached 10(-4)M. Results support direct actions of
      piretanide upon cardiac and vascular tissues. Possible mechanisms of action are
      discussed.

PMID- 3891049
TI  - A review of changes in vascular smooth muscle functions in hypertension: isolated
      tissue versus in vivo studies.
AB  - The role of altered vascular smooth muscle function in the etiology of essential
      hypertension has been extensively studied by a number of investigators. The
      results obtained from in vivo studies do not always correlate with results from
      in vitro studies and it is not always apparent whether the results reflect
      differences related to hypertension or to the genetic background of the animal
      model. In vitro and perfused vascular bed studies in our laboratory have utilized
      the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), the normotensive Wistar Kyoto rat
      (WKY), genetically related crossbred rats (F1, F2, and BC1), and also Dahl salt
      sensitive (DS) and salt-resistant (DR) rats. The role of altered smooth muscle
      function in relation to the development of the elevated blood pressure (BP) of
      the SHR or DS rat was studied and emphasis was placed on determining the role of
      altered neuronal uptake1 (U1) in hypertensives in masking elevated postsynaptic
      sensitivity to noradrenaline. In addition, the relationship between postsynaptic
      sensitivity to cations and BP was assessed. Such studies have indicated that
      alterations in postsynaptic sensitivity, U1 activity, and sensitivity to cations
      are not entirely consistent with the etiology of hypertension in the SHR and DS
      rat but may simply reflect genetic strain differences between the hypertensive
      and normotensive animals.

PMID- 3891050
TI  - Primary versus secondary structural changes of the blood vessels in hypertension.
AB  - Various researchers have hypothesized that the thickening of the vascular wall
      plays an important role in the maintenance of hypertension. Such an alteration
      can increase the vascular resistance by exerting two effects. A thickened
      vascular wall could occlude the lumen of the blood vessel and (or) cause the
      artery to hyperreact to contractile stimuli. Until recently, it has been a
      general conclusion that such alterations were a secondary adaptation produced by
      the elevation of blood pressure. Consistent with this view, certain classes of
      larger arteries do exhibit a thickened vascular wall late during hypertension
      development and such changes can be prevented from occurring by antihypertensive
      treatment. However, recent studies involving the mesenteric and renal arteries of
      Wistar-Kyoto spontaneously hypertensive rats have shown that wall thickening of
      the vasculature occurs prior to hypertension development and is present even
      under conditions where the blood pressure has been normalized throughout the
      animal's life. These latter observations suggest that some structural alterations
      in the blood vessels observed in hypertension are pressure independent and could
      be of etiological importance in the initiation of hypertension.

PMID- 3891051
TI  - A thiol-activated hemolysin in gram-negative bacteria.
AB  - An investigation of Klebsiella pneumoniae hemolytic activity was carried out.
      Strains isolated from different infected specimens were hemolytic in tryptic soy
      agar with rabbit blood; incubation at 4 degrees C enhanced the hemolysis. There
      was no evident red blood cell lysis in plates with human, sheep, mouse, and
      chicken erythrocytes. The culture in tryptic soy broth, its supernatant and
      bacterial lysate did produce evident hemolysis of rabbit red blood cells when
      they were preincubated with 2-mercaptoethanol. Klebsiella pneumoniae hemolysin
      showed the Arrhenius effect, while temperatures over 60 degrees C for 10 min
      reduced the activity of crude hemolysin to zero; purified hemolysin, however, was
      heat stable. Two hemolysins active on rabbit red blood cells were purified and
      both shared several properties. This work represents the initial description of a
      thiol-activated hemolysin in Gram-negative bacteria.

PMID- 3891052
TI  - Phospholipid enrichment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its effect on polyene
      sensitivity.
AB  - Sensitivity to polyene antibiotics, e.g., nystatin, amphotericin B, and filipin,
      was determined in phosphatidylcholine (PC) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) or
      phosphatidylserine (PS) enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, using glutamic
      acid, phenylalanine, glycine, and lysine transport as an index of polyene
      antibiotic action. As compared with normal cells, phospholipid-enriched cells
      acquired resistance towards different polyenes. However, the sensitivity of
      glutamic acid transport towards nystatin remained unaffected in PC-, PE-, or PS
      enriched cells. In contrast to nystatin, the other two polyenes were more
      effective in checking the influx of amino acids. Results demonstrated that the
      specific enrichment of PC, PE, or PS could selectively protect S. cerevisiae
      cells from polyene antibiotic action.

PMID- 3891053
TI  - Comparison of fluorescent antibody, bacitracin susceptibility, latex
      agglutination, coagglutination, and API 20S for identifying group A streptococci.
AB  - A total of 200 beta-hemolytic streptococci, isolated from clinical specimens
      submitted to our laboratory, were identified as group A versus non-A using the
      fluorescent antibody technique (FA), bacitracin susceptibility (BBL, Difco, and
      Raven disks), SeroSTAT, Streptex, Phadebact, and the API 20S system. Of the 122
      group A isolates, all methods except SeroSTAT and Phadebact yielded 92-99%
      agreement when compared with the Lancefield precipitin test. Phadebact yielded an
      84% agreement and SeroSTAT changed from 83 to 98% after trypsinization. Numerous
      false positives were obtained and only FA (91%) and API 20S (96%) yielded better
      than 90% agreement on non-A identification when compared with the Lancefield
      test. The most false positives were obtained (45%) using the SeroSTAT reagents.
      Considering accuracy, our data suggests the FA technique to be the method of
      choice for identifying group A streptococci.

PMID- 3891054
TI  - Factors affecting sensitivity of group B streptococci to an exogenous murein
      hydrolase.
AB  - Group B streptococci treated with cell wall synthesis inhibitors (penicillin or
      vancomycin) or by a variety of membrane-acting agents are sensitized to the lytic
      action of exogenous M1 muramidase. Muramidase without a sensitizing agent caused
      rupture of bacterial chains only, accompanied by the release of a small amount of
      cell wall peptidoglycan label and an increase of the number of colony-forming
      units. In combination with sensitizing agents the exogenous muramidase appeared
      to initiate hydrolysis of biosynthetically new peptidoglycan. Treatment of the
      cells with chloramphenicol or starvation for nutritionally required amino acids
      suppressed the rate of cell lysis and peptidoglycan hydrolysis during subsequent
      sensitization and muramidase treatment of the bacteria. Purified cell walls
      prepared from the amino acid starved cells were also hydrolyzed with a slower
      rate by muramidase. It is suggested that agents sensitizing the bacteria to the
      exogenous muramidase act by perturbing or removing some nonmurein components of
      the cell envelope which protect the peptidoglycan from the activity of exogenous
      enzyme. Agents increasing resistance against exogenous muramidase may also cause
      some alteration in peptidoglycan structure.

PMID- 3891055
TI  - Role of substrate mycelium in colony development in Streptomyces.
AB  - Cellophane cultivation techniques have been proven to be useful for the study of
      colony growth in Streptomyces. Results obtained by this procedure indicate that,
      in S. antibioticus, substrate mycelium was a nutrient support for aerial mycelium
      growth. Oleandomycin synthesis starts before aerial mycelium formation and may
      play an important role during colony growth.

PMID- 3891056
TI  - Extracellular polysaccharide production by Klebsiella pneumoniae and its
      relationship to virulence.
AB  - Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype 1 and serotype 2 and their capsular variants were
      examined for production of cell-associated capsular polysaccharides and
      extracellular capsular polysaccharides. The virulence of these organisms in
      experimental animals was examined via intraperitoneal injection in mice and
      transtracheal inoculation into the lungs of rats. It was found that the
      production of either polysaccharide component correlated with the observed
      virulence. The extracellular polysaccharides were purified by ethanol
      precipitation, electrodialysis, extraction with quaternary ammonium salts, and
      gel filtration. These purification steps allowed for the separation and
      purification of both the extracellular lipopolysaccharide and the extracellular
      capsular polysaccharide. Purified extracellular capsular polysaccharide and
      extracellular lipopolysaccharide were co-injected with K. pneumoniae
      intraperitoneally into mice to determine if either of these substances would
      produce an effect on the natural course of infection in these animals. These
      studies showed that only purified extracellular lipopolysaccharide enhanced the
      virulence of K. pneumoniae when co-injected into mice, and this virulence
      enhancement correlated with the content of extracellular lipopolysaccharide, but
      not extracellular capsular polysaccharide in mixtures of these polysaccharides.
      Saponification of K. pneumoniae serotype 1 extracellular polysaccharides
      significantly decreased their virulence-enhancing capabilities in mice, further
      suggesting that extracellular lipopolysaccharide may play a role in these
      infections.

PMID- 3891057
TI  - Diagnostic methods for assay of specific IgE antibodies in patients with
      suspected allergic disease. Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

PMID- 3891058
TI  - IgA nephropathy in adults: immunohistologic findings and clinical course.
AB  - Laboratory examination of specimens from 123 consecutive renal biopsies performed
      at Victoria General Hospital, Halifax revealed six cases of mesangial deposition,
      predominantly of IgA, unassociated with systemic disorders. Immunohistologic
      examination showed deposits of only IgA in one specimen, IgA and IgG in two and
      IgA, IgG and IgM in three. Glomerular deposits of C3 were seen in five of the
      specimens, and properdin was seen in three. Glomeruli in all the specimens showed
      increased matrix and increased numbers of cells in the mesangium. Electron
      microscopy revealed deposits in the mesangium or capillary wall in all five of
      the specimens so studied. All six patients had proteinuria, four had microscopic
      hematuria, and three had hypertension; in one patient the disease progressed to
      renal failure.

PMID- 3891059
TI  - Granulomatous hepatitis in a patient with previously treated histiocytic
      lymphoma.

PMID- 3891062
TI  - American symposium looks at new antineoplastic drug.

PMID- 3891060
TI  - Selecting a treatment for primary varicose veins.
AB  - The treatment of varicose veins includes injection/compression sclerotherapy and
      surgical stripping or ligation or both. Surgery appears to be favoured when the
      saphenous system is involved or when the patient is 35 to 64 years old or
      presents with ankle edema or flare. On the other hand, sclerotherapy has been
      found to be more effective in patients with dilated superficial veins or
      incompetent perforating veins in the lower legs and to be more acceptable and
      less expensive than surgical treatment.

PMID- 3891061
TI  - Hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli.

PMID- 3891063
TI  - Primary lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring. Clinicopathologic study of 68 cases.
AB  - The clinical and pathologic findings were studied in 68 patients with primary
      lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring (WR). The initial sites included: tonsil (51%; 9%
      bilateral), nasopharynx (35%), base of tongue (9%), and multiple areas (4%). The
      mean age was 58 years, with a male to female ratio of 1.1:1.0. Tonsillar and base
      of tongue lesions presented with sore throat and dysphagia, whereas
      nasopharyngeal lymphomas most commonly presented with nasal, auditory, and
      cranial nerve sympatomatology. A neck mass was the sole presenting symptom in 12%
      of patients. Work-up showed 42% Stage I, 47% Stage II, 4% Stage III, and 7% Stage
      IV. All were non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Diffuse architecture predominated (71%) and
      70% had a histiocytic or large cell morphology (diffuse histiocytic 51%, nodular
      histiocytic 19%). The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Working Formulation grades
      were 13% low, 81% intermediate, and 6% high. In difficult cases, detection of
      monoclonal immunoglobulin, absence of keratin staining, and lack of epithelial
      features by electron microscopy were useful adjuncts aiding in diagnosis.
      Following complete remission, 28 patients relapsed, 75% of these within 2 years
      (median, 10 months). Thirty-seven (54%) patients died with disease (median
      survival, 27 months). Of these, 89% had disseminated lymphoma. Local-regional
      disease was the direct cause of death in 13%. Recurrence or persistence of
      disease in WR occurred in 9% of cases, most with initial clinical evidence of
      soft tissue extension. Stage I patients had a significantly better median
      survival (67 months) than Stage II patients (20 months) (P = 0.03).
      Prognostically favorable histologic parameters included lower NCI Working
      Formulation grade and follicular architecture. Ten patients (15%) developed
      extranodal disease, eight involving the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and all died
      within 1 year of its occurrence. The findings indicate that stage and certain
      histologic parameters are important prognostic factors in WR lymphoma. The study
      confirms the association of primary WR lymphoma with other extranodal disease,
      particularly involving the GI tract, and emphasizes the poor prognosis of
      patients in whom this occurs.

PMID- 3891064
TI  - Giant lymph node hyperplasia with osteoblastic bone lesions and the POEMS
      (Takatsuki's) syndrome.
AB  - A 38-year-old black man with giant lymph node hyperplasia (GLH), osteoblastic
      lesions, and the POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M
      protein, skin changes) was treated at the University of Chicago Hospitals. The
      patient had hepatosplenomegaly and generalized peripheral lymphadenopathy.
      Endocrinologic abnormalities included decreased testosterone with elevated
      luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, as well as
      hyperprolactinemia and possible hypothyroidism. Biopsy of a right femoral lymph
      node revealed GLH, and an osteoblastic pelvic lesion showed a marked
      lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. By immunohistochemical techniques, plasma cells in
      the lymph node and osteoblastic lesion were polyclonal. A polyclonal
      hypergammaglobulinemia was present. The lymph node T-lymphocyte population showed
      a decreased helper-to-suppressor cell ratio. Other findings included thickening
      of the skin, finger clubbing, and anasarca. A severe sensory-motor polyneuropathy
      was the major factor contributing to the patient's death. The association of GLH,
      osteoblastic bone lesions, and the POEMS syndrome has been noted previously in
      Japan; however, the authors are unaware of reports on Western patients who had
      this combination of clinical and laboratory findings.

PMID- 3891065
TI  - Primary eosinophilic granuloma of frontal lobe. Diagnostic use of S-100 protein.
AB  - Solitary eosinophilic granuloma of the frontal lobe of the brain is a rare
      lesion. A 30-year-old Jordanian man with a history of recurrent bilateral chronic
      middle ear infections and tuberculosis presented with focal seizures. A solitary
      right frontotemporal mass was diagnosed by brain biopsy as an eosinophilic
      granuloma. Immunoperoxidase stains of virtually all histiocytes in the lesion
      were strongly positive for S-100. Four cases of eosinophilic granuloma and one of
      Letterer-Siwe disease were also examined, and virtually all histiocytes
      demonstrated strong S-100 positivity. In comparison, 24 reactive or infectious
      granulomas were examined for S-100 staining and most showed complete negativity
      of histiocytes in granulomas for S-100. This is the first report in the
      literature that has examined the results of S-100 staining in a large number of
      reactive or infectious granulomas and compared it with S-100 staining in
      eosinophilic granuloma. This report illustrates that S-100 can be useful in
      distinguishing eosinophilic granuloma, generally considered to be part of the
      larger group of histiocytic disorders known as histiocytosis X, from reactive or
      infectious granulomatous conditions of similar or confusing histology.

PMID- 3891067
TI  - The use of touch preparations (tissue imprints) in the rapid intraoperative
      diagnosis of metastatic lymph node disease in cancer staging procedures.
AB  - Three hundred lymph nodes submitted for the intraoperative diagnosis of
      metastatic disease were studied by use of touch preparations (TP), i.e., tissue
      imprints, using the modification previously described by the senior author, the
      conventional frozen section (FS), and permanent sections. There were 215 negative
      and 85 positive lymph nodes. Compared with permanent sections, TP gave an
      accuracy of 99% and the FS an accuracy of 98.7%. In view of this reliability and
      the significant saving of valuable intraoperative time provided by the TP
      technique, we recommend that TP be used instead of the FS in cancer staging
      procedures where many lymph nodes are submitted for immediate intraoperative
      examination for the determination of extent of surgery.

PMID- 3891066
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of follicular dendritic cells in bone marrow
      involvement of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Using a sensitive immunohistochemical technique and a specific monoclonal
      antibody (RFD-3), follicular dendritic cells (FDC) have been demonstrated in a
      significant proportion (6/12) of bone marrow samples from patients with nodular
      marrow involvement of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). In all cases
      with "packed marrow" involvement and advanced stages of disease the FDC were
      absent. As these accessory cells are normally present only in the lymph nodes,
      their presence in the bone marrow is in accord with the view that B-CLL might be
      the malignancy of an immature subpopulation of lymph node lymphocytes that invade
      the bone marrow.

PMID- 3891069
TI  - Necrotizing granulomatous splenitis complicating leukemia in childhood.
AB  - Two children are described with acute leukemia in remission who both developed a
      swinging pyrexia and pathologically identical splenic necrotizing granulomata. No
      organisms were seen in, or isolated from, either spleen. After splenectomy,
      systemic symptoms persisted and did not resolve until steroids were given. The
      etiology of this syndrome remains unknown.

PMID- 3891068
TI  - Immunostaining for carcinoembryonic antigen does not discriminate for early
      recurrence in breast cancer. The ECOG experience.
AB  - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) immunohistochemistry was evaluated by 11 surgical
      pathologists with sections from 147 postmenopausal women with node-positive
      breast cancer. Carcinoembryonic antigen staining in breast cancer tissues has
      been correlated with a worse prognosis. This association was studied with a
      clinically characterized population of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)
      patients using precisely the peroxidase-antiperoxidase methodology which had been
      employed in another published study. In 50% of the cases, the study pathologists
      were uncertain whether CEA was or was not present in the cancers. Various
      groupings of the pathologists' interpretation were compared with the observed
      disease-free intervals in the patients. These analyses suggested no association
      of perceived CEA staining with the biological course of the cancers. Two
      reference pathologists who examined the sections in a similar way also gave non
      prognostic interpretations. There is no convincing evidence that pathologists can
      reliably interpret the CEA content in the same breast cancer tissue sections.
      There is no observed correlation between immunohistochemical evidence of CEA in a
      breast cancer tissue section and the biological behavior of that cancer.

PMID- 3891070
TI  - Transplantation of human basal cell carcinomas to athymic mice.
AB  - Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) obtained from 22 subjects undergoing microscopically
      controlled surgery were transplanted to 40 athymic (nude) mice. With no further
      immunosuppression of the mice, no tumor growth was noted in the first 14
      attempts. When mice were further immunosuppressed with anti-lymphocyte serum
      (ALS) injections and by splenectomy, successful tumor growth was achieved in 15
      of 22 mice by a subcutaneous implantation technique and in 1 of 4 by a
      superficial grafting technique. Transplanted BCC retained the morphology and
      basement membrane proteins typical of human BCC. As determined by
      autoradiography, 3H-thymidine was incorporated primarily in the peripheral
      palisaded cells of the transplanted tumor. Successful use of the athymic mouse
      model for study of human BCC requires use of mice further immunosuppressed by
      splenectomy and ALS, and the use of a subcutaneous implantation technique. With
      the use of this model, studies of the biology of human BCC may be possible.

PMID- 3891071
TI  - Myelodysplastic syndromes. A clinical and pathologic analysis of 109 cases.
AB  - A total of 109 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) was analyzed to
      determine the clinical and pathologic features of the five recently defined
      French-American-British Cooperative Group (FAB) subtypes, and to assess the
      utility of this classification system in predicting survival, evolution to acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), and cause of death. All patients with MDS
      presented with anemia; additional cytopenias were present in patients with
      refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
      (CMML) and refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation to ANLL
      (RAEB/Tr). Thirty-two patients received some form of antileukemic therapy for
      MDS. ANLL developed in 16 of the 77 remaining untreated patients, including 18%
      (2/11), 0% (0/21), 22% (5/23), 33% (2/6), and 44% (7/16) of patients with
      refractory anemia (RA), refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts (RARS), RAEB,
      CMML, and RAEB/Tr, respectively (P = 0.02). The FAB subtype was highly predictive
      of survival with median survivals ranging from 71 months for RARS to 5 months for
      RAEB/Tr (P = less than 0.0001). Patients with RAEB, CMML, and RAEB/Tr frequently
      died of direct consequences of MDS, while patients with RA and especially RARS
      generally survived or died from unrelated disorders (P = less than 0.0001). MDS
      encompass a spectrum of disorders. RA and RARS, are relatively indolent and often
      do not lead to the patient's demise. RAEB, CMML, and RAEB/Tr are aggressive
      disorders which are often responsible for the patient's death whether or not
      actual progression to overt leukemia occurs. FAB subtype predicts survival,
      evolution to ANLL, and cause of death, although the five morphologic subtypes
      appear to separate into only two disease groups, especially with regard to
      survival and cause of death.

PMID- 3891072
TI  - Remission from central nervous system involvement in adults with acute leukemia.
      Effect of intensive therapy and prognostic factors.
AB  - Eighty-seven adult patients who had achieved bone marrow remission of leukemia
      developed one or more episodes of meningeal leukemia. Multiple patient
      characteristics were examined for their effect on probability of achieving
      complete remission from meningeal disease and for their effect on duration of
      meningeal remission. Presence of obtundation (P less than 0.01) or other symptoms
      of meningeal disease (P = 0.02) were associated with a low remission induction
      rate. Other factors which tended (P = 0.06-0.20) to be associated with low
      remission induction rates included high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening
      pressure, absence of splenomegaly at initial diagnosis, high peripheral blood
      leukocyte count (WBC) at the episode of marrow disease most recently preceding
      the meningeal disease, and use of only one as opposed to two or more intrathecal
      drugs as treatment. Factors associated with long duration of meningeal remissions
      included diagnosis (AML greater than acute undifferentiated leukemia greater than
      ALL, P = 0.05), absence of symptoms (P = 0.04), low CSF WBC (P = 0.01), rapid
      attainment of meningeal remission (P = 0.01), rapid attainment of initial bone
      marrow remission (P = 0.02), and long duration of initial bone marrow remission
      (P less than 0.01). Absence of cranial or peripheral neuropathies, low CSF
      protein and opening pressure, and short time interval between diagnosis of marrow
      and meningeal disease also tended (P = 0.06-0.20) to be associated with long
      meningeal remissions. Patients treated according to an intensive protocol
      utilizing cranial irradiation and triple drug treatment via an Ommaya reservoir
      had substantially longer meningeal remissions than did patients treated with less
      intensive therapy (P = 0.01). Relapse-free survival curves suggest that some
      patients are cured of their meningeal disease.

PMID- 3891073
TI  - Hepatic metastasis in granulosa cell tumor of the ovary.
AB  - Hepatic metastases occur rarely in epithelial ovarian carcinoma and also appear
      to be unusual in malignant stromal tumors of the ovary (granulosa cell tumors).
      Recently two patients with extensive hepatic metastasis from this primary tumor,
      were treated. Review of the experience at the City of Hope National Medical
      Center provided three additional patients with a confirmed diagnosis of granulosa
      cell tumor of the ovary, one of whom is alive and disease-free. A review of
      clinical and pathologic data revealed that both of the other patients died of
      their disease and had hepatic metastases proven at autopsy. Hemorrhagic events
      complicating the clinical course of these patients were frequent. It is believed
      that the frequency of hepatic metastasis in granulosa cell tumor of the ovary may
      be higher than has been appreciated in the past, and that the cystic-hemorrhagic
      nature of these lesions contributes to the morbidity and mortality associated
      with granulosa cell tumors of the ovary.

PMID- 3891074
TI  - The 5q-anomaly.
AB  - A deletion of the long arm of chromosome #5 (5q-) occurs nonrandomly in human
      malignancies. As a rule, the deletion is interstitial; the distal breakpoint by
      conventional techniques is usually in band q32, the proximal breakpoints in q12
      or q14. Variant breakpoints occur in less than 10% of all cases. As the sole
      anomaly, 5q- is characteristically found in refractory anemia with or without
      excess of blasts. It can occur as the sole anomaly in de novo or secondary acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia, but is usually accompanied in those disorders by other
      chromosome changes that are also nonrandomly distributed. In addition, it can be
      found in lymphoproliferative disorders, and occasionally, also in solid tumors.
      The 5q- myelodysplastic syndrome typically occurs in older age groups,
      particularly in females. Characteristic features are macrocytic anemia, normal or
      elevated platelets in the presence of megakaryocytic anomalies, and a mild
      clinical course. In cases with 5q- only, transformation into ANLL occurs rarely.
      Additional chromosome anomalies and male sex are prognostically unfavorable
      signs. Sex ratio is also at the disadvantage of females in de novo 5q- ANLL, and
      the latter disorder can occur without being preceded by a myelodysplastic phase.
      A myelodysplastic phase usually precedes 5q- secondary leukemia, in males as well
      as in females, and additional chromosome anomalies, especially of chromosome #7,
      are almost invariably present in those cases. We conclude that 5q- is the most
      frequently occurring single chromosome anomaly in secondary leukemia.
      Furthermore, the resemblance between de novo and secondary 5q- MDS and ANLL is
      striking; clinically, as well as cytogenetically, they are indistinguishable,
      suggesting that all de novo cases may be due to environmental (chemical)
      carcinogens. Response to treatment and prognosis are very poor with current
      therapeutic regimens in de novo as well as in secondary 5q- ANLL.
      Morphologically, these ANLLs fall into all FAB categories. There is considerable
      evidence to show that the 5q- anomaly occurs in a myeloid precursor stem cell.
      The occasional occurrence in lymphoid malignancies, of B cell as well as T cell
      type, suggests that, as in Ph-positive disorders, a common progenitor stem cell
      may be affected in 5q- also. The 5q- lymphoid malignancies, however, are much
      more rare; it is not clear at the present time whether or not a 5q- counterpart
      of Ph-positive ALL exists, and mixed lymphoid-myeloid 5q- disorders have not yet
      been documented.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3891075
TI  - Methylene-bridged bay region chrysene and phenanthrene derivatives and their keto
      analogs: mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium and tumor-initiating activity on
      mouse skin.
AB  - A series of methylene-bridged and keto-bridged bay region derivatives of chrysene
      and phenanthrene were prepared and evaluated for mutagenic activity in Salmonella
      typhimurium TA100 and for tumor-initiating activity on CD-1 mouse skin. The
      compounds included in this series were 4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene, 4H
      cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene-4-one, 1-methyl-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene, 1
      methyl-4H-cyclopenta[def] phenanthren-4-one, 4H-cyclopenta[def] chrysene, and 4H
      cyclopenta[def] chrysen-4-one. Among these compounds only 4H
      cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene and 1-methyl-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthren-4-one were
      not significantly mutagenic when assayed with metabolic activation using Aroclor
      induced rat liver homogenate. None of the compounds assayed were active without
      metabolic activation. 4H-Cyclopenta[def]chrysene was the most tumorigenic of the
      methylene-bridged bay region PAH tested on mouse skin. At a dose of 1.0 mg this
      compound resulted in 100% of the animals bearing papillomas with 5.63
      papillomas/animal. 4H-Cyclopenta[def]chrysen-4-one and 1-methyl-4H
      cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene displayed weak tumorigenic activity at a total
      initiating dose of 1.0 mg.

PMID- 3891076
TI  - Tumor cells do not arise frequently.
AB  - A hypothesis greatly influencing thinking and experimental work in tumor
      immunology is that many tumor cells arise daily in an organism. However,
      relatively low numbers of tumours become clinically manifest. This discrepancy
      has initially led to the hypothesis that the great majority of these potential
      tumors is killed by immune surveillance mechanisms. After some time, however,
      serious objections were raised against this function of the immune system. When
      the interest in immune surveillance faded away, investigators started to study
      natural resistance against the de novo arising tumor cells. In this paper the
      data on natural resistance (and immune surveillance) are reviewed. These data
      lead to the conclusion than an efficient natural resistance that could kill many
      de novo arising tumor cells is lacking. Taken together the data suggest that no
      tumors arise when immune surveillance and/or natural resistance are absent. This
      implies that tumor cells probably do not arise frequently. Acceptance of this
      conclusion leads to a reappraisal of the role of immune surveillance and natural
      resistance against tumor cells. This reappraisal will mean a shift from the
      hypothesized failsafe mechanisms to mechanisms that may or may not kill rarely
      arising tumor cells, depending for instance on the antigenicity of the tumor
      cells and their sensitivity to tumoricidal mechanisms.

PMID- 3891078
TI  - Cancer as a dynamic developmental disorder.

PMID- 3891077
TI  - Regulation of leukocyte glass adherence and tube leukocyte adherence inhibition
      (LAI) reactivity by serum factors in dogs with progressing or spontaneously
      regressing canine transmissible venereal sarcoma (CTVS).
AB  - We examined the regulation of leukocyte glass adherence and tube leukocyte
      adherence inhibition (LAI) reactivity by serum factors in dogs with regressing or
      progressing canine transmissible venereal sarcomas (CTVS). Both regressor and
      progressor peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL), draining and non-draining lymph
      node cells (LNC), and splenic leukocytes were significantly responsive to CTVS
      antigen extract in tube LAI. In contrast, a significant decrease in basal glass
      adherence of progressor PBL, draining and non-draining LNC, and splenic
      leukocytes was observed. Normal glass adherence was restored to progressor
      leukocytes by extensive washing with warm serum-free media, while significant
      tube LAI responsiveness to CTVS antigen extract was maintained. Preincubation of
      regressor PBL and LNC with progressor sera in two-stage tube LAI decreased the
      basal glass adherence of treated leukocytes. This effect of progressor sera was
      heat labile, a characteristic of CTVS antigen. Collectively, these findings
      suggest that progressor leukocytes and progressor sera treated regressor
      leukocytes were activated by interaction with serum CTVS antigen and thus behaved
      in tube LAI as stimulated cells, even in the absence of CTVS antigen. Regressor
      but not progressor sera were shown to contain anti-CTVS IgG with specific arming
      activity for normal dog PBL, but not LNC in two-stage tube LAI. The nonadherent
      response of peripheral blood neutrophils in two-stage tube LAI was proportional
      to the concentration of arming IgG, whereas no change was observed in glass
      adherence of PBL. The results of this study define the role of progressor and
      regressor serum factors in the mechanism of tube LAI and demonstrate a
      relationship between leukocyte glass adherence and the clinical course of CTVS.
      These findings show that tube LAI is a simple and reproducible measure of active
      factors in the immune response to a tumor.

PMID- 3891079
TI  - Selectivity--key to chemotherapy: presidential address.

PMID- 3891080
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to glycoproteins of Vinca alkaloid-resistant human leukemic
      cells.
AB  - Drug resistance is a major problem in the successful treatment of cancer.
      Resistance to one drug is often associated with cross-resistance to other
      anticancer agents. This is commonly seen with the "natural product" anticancer
      drugs such as the Vinca alkaloids and anthracyclines. In experimental systems,
      specific changes in plasma membranes characterize this "multiple drug
      resistance." The most prominent of these is the enhanced expression in several
      systems of high-molecular-weight glycoproteins ranging from Mr approximately
      equal to 150,000 to approximately equal to 180,000, the amount of which has been
      shown to be related to the degree of drug resistance. We report here the
      production of three monoclonal antibodies that bind preferentially to the
      surfaces of cultured human leukemic lymphoblasts resistant to the Vinca alkaloid
      vinblastine. Each antibody recognizes a surface membrane glycoprotein with
      molecular weights of 180,000 to 210,000. Additionally, two of the antibodies also
      recognize a second surface glycoprotein with molecular weights of either
      approximately equal to 155,000 or approximately equal to 130,000. All of these
      glycoproteins are overexpressed in the alkaloid-resistant cells. While a Mr
      approximately equal to 180,000 protein has been shown to be associated with
      multiple drug resistance, the other two glycoproteins have not been described
      previously in these cells. These antibodies may be useful in studies of the
      mechanisms of drug resistance, as well as in screening cells from drug-resistant
      patients for these resistance-associated glycoproteins.

PMID- 3891081
TI  - Effect of prolonged insulin treatment on carcinoma formation in mice.
AB  - Long-term insulin administration enhanced the incidence and development of
      chemically induced [3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA)] squamous cell carcinomas in
      Swiss male mice. DNA radioactivity and light and electron microscopic
      autoradiography revealed that insulin administration significantly increased (2
      fold) the [3H]thymidine incorporation and intracellular distribution in the
      neoplastic nuclei (38.50%) as compared to that of neoplastic nuclei treated with
      MCA alone (20%). Electron microscopic autoradiography showed a heavy
      [3H]thymidine distribution as developed grains over dense chromatin
      (heterochromatin) of neoplastic cell nuclei. Ultrastructural and cytological
      studies of insulin-treated carcinomas revealed the predominance of less
      differentiated squamous cell carcinomas with numerous vacuoles, polysomes,
      laminated concentric myelin figures, and phagolysosomes as compared to well
      differentiated squamous neoplastic cells treated with MCA only. Scanning electron
      microscopic observations revealed in the insulin + MCA-treated tumors the
      predominance of rounded cells covered with several elongated microvilli and blebs
      as compared to polygonal cells covered with sparse and thin microvilli, horny
      pearls with concentric keratinized layers after MCA treatment. An intense stromal
      tumor reaction can be also seen following insulin and MCA treatment. These
      findings demonstrate that insulin in pharmacological doses stimulates the
      carcinoma formation, increases DNA synthesis, and affects the squamous neoplastic
      cell differentiation.

PMID- 3891082
TI  - Long-term use of dopamine agonists in Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 3891083
TI  - The controversial role of bromocriptine in Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 3891084
TI  - Parkinsonism induced by captopril.

PMID- 3891085
TI  - Treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma with intensive melphalan and
      autologous bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - Twenty patients with metastatic malignant melanoma were treated with melphalan
      (180-225 mg/m2 iv over 3 days) followed by re-infusion of previously harvested
      and cryopreserved autologous bone marrow. Granulocyte (greater than
      500/microliter) and platelet (greater than 20,000/microliter) count recovery
      occurred a median of 14 days (range, 12-22) and 19.0 days (range, 12-28) after
      bone marrow transplantation, respectively. Three patients died due to hemorrhage
      or infection. One of these patients and another (who ultimately achieved a
      complete response), both with brain metastases, developed intralesional
      hemorrhage when the platelet count was only moderately reduced. Complete
      responses occurred in six patients and ranged from 4 to 14 months, with a median
      of 5 months. Six patients achieved a partial remission lasting 2-5 months. High
      dose melphalan and autologous bone marrow transplantation are a promising therapy
      for patients with metastatic malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3891086
TI  - Detection of early arterial disease: a study using Doppler waveform analysis.
AB  - Laplace transform analysis of arterial Doppler waveforms was examined for its
      potential in identifying subjects with early, pre-symptomatic arterial disease.
      Ninety men, aged 45 to 62, and with no history of cardiovascular disease, were
      selected from a population of 2300 involved in a longitudinal study of risk
      factors for cardiovascular disease. Forty-nine were selected on the basis of high
      values of Laplace delta, omega o, or both, and 41 were selected with "normal"
      values. Three years after initial screening examination, each was examined
      clinically and by exercise testing for evidence of arterial disease, and the
      waveform recordings were repeated. In the group with high waveform analysis
      values initially, 11 of 49 (22%) were found to have signs of arterial disease 3
      years later, while among those with lower values only 2 of 41 (5%) had evidence
      of disease (p less than 0.05). Although variability of results obviates their use
      in monitoring the progress of individual subjects, this study supports the
      potential of Doppler waveform analysis for identifying a group of subjects with a
      high incidence of early arterial disease.

PMID- 3891087
TI  - Morphology of the endocrine pancreas in diabetic sand rat (Psammomys obesus).

PMID- 3891088
TI  - Erythrocyte sialic acid alterations in experimental diabetes.

PMID- 3891089
TI  - [Distinguished women in pediatrics in Ostrava].

PMID- 3891090
TI  - [Propafenone--a new antiarrhythmic agent. Clinical experience].

PMID- 3891091
TI  - [Alfred Bernhard Nobel. Dynamite and the Nobel Prize].

PMID- 3891092
TI  - Tension in the culture dish: microfilament organization and migratory behavior of
      quail neural crest cells.
AB  - We have investigated one aspect of the migratory behavior of quail neural crest
      (NC) cells by comparing the organization of microfilament bundles and the ability
      to distort migratory substrata by NC, somite, and notochord cells in vitro. In
      contrast to the numerous cytoplasmic stress fibers in somite-derived fibroblasts
      and notochord cells revealed by rhodamine-phalloidin staining and thin-section
      electron microscopy, microfilaments in NC cells are restricted to the cell
      cortex. To test the relative degrees of tension generated by these cell types on
      the underlying substratum, cells were cultured in collagen gels and on
      distortable silicone rubber sheets. Explanted somites and notochords produced
      dramatic radial alignment of 750 micrograms/ml collagen gels, whereas neural
      crest cells only aligned gels of lower concentrations. Fibroblasts did not
      migrate individually from explanted somites and notochords into 250 micrograms/ml
      collagen gels as readily as into higher concentration collagen lattices. In
      contrast, neural crest cells migrated into matrices of low concentration as well
      as into higher concentration collagen gels. Neural crest cells and their
      pigmented derivatives did not distort silicone rubber sheets, whereas somite and
      notochord-derived fibroblasts wrinkle this substratum after 4 days in culture.
      Thus, the differences in organization of the actin cytoskeleton reflect the
      tractional force exerted by these cells on their substratum. We hypothesize that
      the migratory behavior of NC cells in vivo may be related to their ability to
      translocate through embryonic extracellular matrices while generating relatively
      weak adhesions with the substratum, whereas the stronger forces generated by
      other embryonic cell types upon the delicate extracellular matrix may restrict
      their migration and may be associated with other morphogenetic events.

PMID- 3891093
TI  - Proteins closely similar to flagellar tektins are detected in cilia but not in
      cytoplasmic microtubules.
AB  - Affinity-purified antibodies against Strongylocentrotus purpuratus sperm
      flagellar tektin polypeptides have been tested for cross-reactivity with
      microtubules isolated from various sources, using indirect immunofluorescent
      staining and antibody binding to nitrocellulose replicas of SDS polyacrylamide
      gels. The antitektins reacted with sperm tail axonemes from four genera of sea
      urchins and with cilia from sea urchin embryos. Antibody binding was observed
      only if the specimens were prefixed by methods that would not preserve them well
      at an ultrastructural level. However, even after such fixation regimes, no
      antibody binding was detected to cytoplasmic microtubule arrays in the same
      embryos, to mitotic spindles isolated from sea urchin eggs or to gill cilia from
      a mollusc. We conclude that, if tektins are present in sea urchin egg cytoplasmic
      microtubules, they are sufficiently different from the sperm tektins to have no
      common strongly antigenic determinants.

PMID- 3891094
TI  - Malaria immunization--a Zimbabwean perspective.

PMID- 3891095
TI  - Immunotoxins: redirecting nature's poisons.

PMID- 3891096
TI  - Evolution of the proteases of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis by assembly from
      modules.

PMID- 3891097
TI  - Differential activation of yeast adenylate cyclase by wild-type and mutant RAS
      proteins.
AB  - In these experiments we demonstrate that purified RAS proteins, whether derived
      from the yeast RAS1 or RAS2 or the human H-ras genes, activate yeast adenylate
      cyclase in the presence of guanine nucleotides. These results confirm the
      prediction of earlier genetic and biochemical data and for the first time provide
      a complete biochemical assay for RAS protein function. Furthermore, we observe a
      biochemical difference between the RAS2 and RAS2val19 proteins in their ability
      to activate adenylate cyclase after preincubation with GTP.

PMID- 3891098
TI  - Mapping the distribution of differentiation potential for intestine, muscle, and
      hypodermis during early development in Caenorhabditis elegans.
AB  - We have analyzed the differentiation potential of cells in early embryos of
      Caenorhabditis elegans by assessing the production of markers for intestinal,
      muscle, and hypodermal cell differentiation in cleavage-arrested blastomeres. Our
      results show that differentiation potential does not always segregate during
      cleavage in a linear fashion, i.e., a blastomere can express a differentiation
      potential that is absent in its parent blastomere and vice versa. Furthermore,
      the expression of a particular differentiation program by certain cleavage
      arrested blastomeres is an exclusive event in that each cell will express only
      one program of differentiation, even though it may have the potential to express
      several.

PMID- 3891099
TI  - Immunohistochemical distribution of the histone H1(0)/H5 variant in various
      tissues of adult Xenopus laevis.
AB  - The cellular distribution of the histone H1(0)/H5 variant has been examined
      immunohistochemically in various tissues of adult Xenopus laevis, using
      monoclonal antibodies against this variant that was isolated from erythrocyte
      nuclei. The H1(0)/H5 variant appears not to be erythrocyte-specific and appears
      to be present in all cell types of liver, stomach, and skin. In contrast, in
      oocyte nuclei the H1(0)/H5 variant cannot be detected, whereas they do contain
      H1; the nuclei of spermatogenic cells contain the H1(0)/H5 variant, but probably
      less than the somatic cells. In Xenopus no H1(0) variant distinct from H5 seems
      to occur and the H1(0)/H5 variant apparently may perform a functional role
      related to mammalian H1(0).

PMID- 3891100
TI  - Synthesis and possible role of proteoglycans during Volvox development.
AB  - During the embryonic development of Volvox the cells synthesize proteoglycans of
      relatively small molecular size up to 14 h after inversion. In the following
      stages there is a gradual transition towards larger forms, due to an increase in
      sulfated sugar moieties. The presence of sulfate in the medium was obligatory for
      this transition. None of these molecules could be dissociated in 4.0 M GuHCl,
      neither could they be digested by glycosidases. Of all proteases examined
      subtilisin, a bacterial protease, digested the proteoglycans. The possible role
      of proteoglycans during Volvox morphogenesis has been examined. Somatic
      proteoglycans caused spheroids to start their swimming earlier, although they
      inhibited their expansion. Spheroids cultured in sulfate-free medium start their
      swimming 24 h later than controls, but the addition of somatic proteoglycans to
      the sulfate-free medium could induce motility almost as well as in the normal
      forms. Embryonic weight proteoglycans caused aggregation of the spheroids, an
      effect that also appeared in the sulfate-free medium.

PMID- 3891101
TI  - Induced fusion of female gametes and embryonic cells.
AB  - Investigations in which the method of induced cell fusion was used in studying
      the oocyte maturation, fertilization and early embryogenesis of animals have been
      reviewed on the basis of published data and the authors' experience. The problems
      of developing the method of induced cell fusion, its combination with other
      methods (microsurgery, cell fragmentation, etc.) and the perspectives of its use
      in embryology are discussed.

PMID- 3891102
TI  - Specificity of chicken and mammalian transferrins in myogenesis.
AB  - Chicken transferrins isolated from eggs, embryo extract, serum or ischiatic
      peroneal nerves are able to stimulate incorporation of [3H]thymidine, and promote
      myogenesis by primary chicken muscle cells in vitro. Mammalian transferrins
      (bovine, rat, mouse, horse, rabbit, and human) do not promote [3H]thymidine
      incorporation or myotube development. Comparison of the peptide fragments
      obtained after chemical or limited proteolytic cleavage demonstrates that the
      four chicken transferrins are all indistinguishable, but they differ considerably
      from the mammalian transferrins. The structural differences between chicken and
      mammalian transferrins probably account for the inability of mammalian
      transferrins to act as mitogens for, and to support myogenesis of, primary
      chicken muscle cells.

PMID- 3891103
TI  - Induction of cytodifferentiation in C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cells by X
      irradiation and benzo(a)pyrene.
AB  - 5-Azacytidine has been reported to induce adipogenesis and myogenesis in
      C3H/10T1/2 mouse cells. Additionally, this agent will produce neoplastic
      transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells. Very little other data is available regarding
      induction of differentiation by oncogenic agents. We report here that
      benzo(a)pyrene and X-irradiation induce a consistent frequency of adipogenesis in
      C3H/10T1/2 cells. The frequency of induced differentiation is similar to the
      frequency of the transformation event caused by these agents.

PMID- 3891105
TI  - The development of science in Japan: its background and its foundations.

PMID- 3891104
TI  - Natural killer cells in human colostrum.
AB  - The presence of natural killer cells in human colostrum was disclosed with the
      use of a fluorochrome-labeled monoclonal antibody HNK-1 (Leu-7) that recognizes
      cells with natural killer and killer activity. Approximately 0.5% of total
      colostral cells were stained with this reagent. These cells were separated by the
      fluorescence-activated cell sorter and examined for their morphology by electron
      microscopy and for their cytotoxic activity against 51Cr-labeled K562 target
      cells. Two morphological types of natural killer cells were observed in
      colostrum: the first was represented by large cells with numerous vacuoles but
      without dense cytoplasmic granules; the second type, which occurred with lower
      frequency, resembled the large granular lymphocytes associated with natural
      killer activity in peripheral blood. The HNK-1-positive cells from colostrum
      displayed low cytotoxic activity against K562 target cells. Incubation of HNK-1
      positive cells from peripheral blood with cell-free colostrum resulted in a dose
      dependent inhibition of the cytotoxic activity. The functional changes were
      accompanied by morphological alterations which included degranulation and the
      formation of numerous vacuoles. The variances in the cytotoxic activity of
      peripheral blood HNK-1-positive cells suspended in different dilutions of
      colostrum suggest that this fluid contains humoral factors which modify
      morphology and function depending on their concentrations.

PMID- 3891106
TI  - [Czechoslovakian pharmacy and the 40th anniversary of the liberation of
      Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 3891107
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of simultaneously administered 99mTc-DTPA and (125I)ortho
      iodohippuran in rats and rabbits].

PMID- 3891108
TI  - [New information on methods of laboratory diagnosis of diseases of the thyroid
      gland. III. Screening for congenital hypothyroidism. Determination of
      thyrotropin].

PMID- 3891109
TI  - [Incidence of Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women and its effect on the
      neonate].

PMID- 3891110
TI  - [Suprahypothalamic amenorrhea].

PMID- 3891111
TI  - [The present state and perspectives in the diagnosis and therapy of idiopathic
      sterility in women].

PMID- 3891112
TI  - [Survival capability of brain slices in vitro and the relation of their
      functional status to incubation conditions].

PMID- 3891113
TI  - [L-glutamate dehydrogenases].

PMID- 3891114
TI  - High dose cisplatin after failure of polychemotherapy containing cisplatin in
      ovarian cancer. Preliminary results.
AB  - A substantial percentage of patients with advanced ovarian cancer will progress
      or relapse after platinum-based front therapies and will require salvage
      chemotherapy. In order to evaluate feasibility and effectiveness of high dose
      platinum (HD-CDDP) nine patients with ovarian cancer were treated with HD-CDDP
      while progressing after conventional doses of the same drug. Cisplatin 40 mg/M2
      d. 1----5 q. 28 days, was administered with forced chloruresis for a total of
      fifteen cycles. Preliminary results show a promising 44.4% response rate with
      acceptable toxicity: only one patient had to discontinue treatment because of
      severe combined toxicity including infection, mucositis, shaking tremors,
      ototoxicity and palmar hyperkeratosis.

PMID- 3891115
TI  - In vitro antibacterial activity of ceftizoxime against gram-negative strains.
AB  - The in vitro activity of ceftizoxime against 200 clinical isolates of
      Enterobacteria and Pseudomonas, was compared with those of other beta-lactam
      antibiotics such as: cefotaxime, cefoperazone, cefuroxime, and the
      aminoglycosides gentamicin and amikacin. Ceftizoxime inhibited Escherichia coli
      and Klebsiella pneumoniae with doses from two to four fold lower than cefotaxime.
      Ceftizoxime and cefotaxime were more active than cefuroxime and cefoperazone
      against Enterobacter spp., and Proteus morganii. Ninety percent of the Serratia
      spp. were inhibited at 0.2 microgram/ml of ceftizoxime whereas the other
      cephalosporins needed doses up to thirty-two fold higher. The rest of the Proteus
      spp. were inhibited 90% with 0.8 or 3.2 micrograms/ml of ceftizoxime; on the
      contrary, to inhibit the same percentage of these bacteria, doses two to sixteen
      fold higher than cefotaxime or other cephalosporins were needed. Ceftizoxime was
      less active than amikacin against multiresistant Pseudomonas spp. Strains
      isolated from urine were generally more resistant to antibiotics than those
      encountered in other clinical material.

PMID- 3891116
TI  - Clinical evaluation of netilmicin in the field of internal medicine.
AB  - An open clinical trial was carried out to evaluate therapeutic efficacy and
      safety of netilmicin. Forty hospitalized adult patients suffering from
      complicated urinary tract infections (UTI) (19), lower respiratory tract
      infections (20), septicemia (3) and soft tissue infection (1) due to in vitro
      susceptible microorganisms were admitted to the study. Twenty-nine of these
      patients had severe underlying diseases interfering with host defenses. Twenty
      nine out of the 40 patients (73%) were cured and 6 (15%) had a favorable clinical
      response giving an overall satisfactory clinical response of 88%. Eradication of
      causative microorganisms was obtained in 29 (73%) patients, and three
      substitutions during or at the end of treatment were observed. Netilmicin was
      well tolerated: neither clinical abnormalities of otovestibular function nor
      hepatic or hematological alterations were found, while only two patients
      developed a mild and transient increase of BUN and creatinine serum levels.

PMID- 3891117
TI  - Aztreonam in the therapy of nosocomial infections in patients with impaired host
      defenses.
AB  - A clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with
      aztreonam in hospital-acquired infections. Twenty patients (13 men and 7 women)
      with impaired host defenses and nosocomial infections were treated with aztreonam
      at a dosage ranging 4 and 6 g/day I.V. at 8 or 12-hour intervals. Average length
      of therapy was 10.35 +/- 4.61 days. The isolated organisms were as follows:
      Escherichia coli (5), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3),
      Enterobacter cloacae (1), Proteus mirabilis (2), Proteus vulgaris (1),
      Acinetobacter anitratus (1), Serratia marcescens (1), Citrobacter freundii (1),
      Bacteroides fragilis (3), Bacteroides melaninogenicus (1). In 5 patients (25%) a
      mixed infection was observed. Sixteen patients (80%) were completely cured from
      infection and 24 isolated organisms (88.8%) were eradicated. No adverse reactions
      were observed. Aztreonam has undoubtedly high clinical and bacteriological
      efficacy in the therapy of nosocomial infections in patients with impaired host
      defenses.

PMID- 3891118
TI  - Effect of methylation on the conformer stability and reactivity of the bay-region
      diol-epoxides of chrysene.
AB  - The relative stabilities of conformers of the bay-region tetrahydroepoxide of
      methylated chrysene have been calculated. From these calculations on
      tetrahydroepoxides, one infers that substitution of a methyl group in the same
      bay-region as the epoxide should destabilize both syn-diaxial and anti
      diequatorial bay-region diol-epoxide diastereomers with respect to the syn
      diequatorial and anti-diaxial diastereomers. The results of these calculations,
      together with recent experimental observations, suggest that the enhanced in vivo
      binding to DNA of the isomer having the methyl group and the epoxide in the same
      bay-region (1,2-diol-3,4-epoxide of 5-MeC) might be partially due to this
      destabilization of the syn-diaxial diastereomer. The carbocation delocalization
      energies associated with epoxide ring opening of the methylated bay-region
      tetrahydroepoxide isomers of chrysene are also given.

PMID- 3891119
TI  - Enzyme labeling of steroids by the N-succinimidyl ester method. Preparation of
      horseradish peroxidase-labeled antigen for use in enzyme immunoassay.

PMID- 3891120
TI  - An enzyme immunoassay method with a monoclonal antibody for the determination of
      11-deoxycortisol.

PMID- 3891121
TI  - Uptake and metabolism of daunorubicin by human myelocytic cells.
AB  - Daunorubicin uptake and metabolism were studied in vitro with human myeloid
      leukemia cell lines (KG1, ML1); erythroleukemia cell line (K562); and myeloblasts
      from two untreated patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Uptake of
      daunorubicin by all the above was very similar, but metabolism of daunorubicin to
      daunorubicinol and the levels of reductase activity were extremely variable. We
      believe that this heterogeneity accurately reflects the in vivo situation in
      humans with acute leukemia. In vivo anthracyclines are subject to extensive
      metabolism, and the majority of patients do metabolize the drug to some extent;
      it is important, therefore, to use cell lines that reflect the in vivo
      metabolism. Conversely, rodent cell lines, which apparently lack one of the two
      major classes of daunorubicin reductase and do not appreciably metabolize
      daunorubicin, appear to be inadequate as models for studies designed to evaluate
      the enzymatic mechanisms of daunorubicin metabolism.

PMID- 3891122
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of ciclosporin A in bone marrow transplantation
      patients.
AB  - Ciclosporin A (CsA) plasma concentrations were monitored by radioimmunoassay
      after administration IV and PO to 15 patients before allogeneic bone marrow
      transplantation. The clearance (10.4 +/- 5.41 1/h), half-life (26.4 +/- 14.6 h),
      and bioavailability (16% +/- 10%) calculated directly from experimental data
      showed wide interindividual variations. The kinetics after IV infusion, monitored
      over 2-5 days, appeared to be triphasic. A three-compartment open mamillary model
      was thus used to simulate the distribution and elimination kinetics of CsA. The
      distributive delay between administration PO and absorption in the plasma was
      approximated using a series of six additional compartments connected with a
      single transfer rate constant. Then, for each patient, the experimental data
      corresponding to both IV and PO administration were fitted using a single set of
      rate constants. Clearance and bioavailability calculated from model parameters
      correlated well with direct estimations obtained from the areas under the
      concentration time curves. Drug monitoring and linear modeling will be used in an
      attempt to achieve stable predetermined plasma concentrations of CsA in bone
      marrow transplantation patients receiving the drug either IV or PO.

PMID- 3891124
TI  - Characterization of insulin uptake into subcellular fractions of perfused rat
      liver using two different iodinated tracers.
AB  - The binding and uptake of insulin in perfused rat liver has been investigated
      with specifically labelled 125I-A14-tyrosyl insulin as a tracer and compared with
      a commercially available iodo-insulin preparation. The commercial preparation did
      not show saturation uptake kinetics and the clearance from the perfusate remained
      low and constant throughout a wide concentration range. A14 labelled insulin
      showed saturation kinetics and high clearance at low carrier concentration,
      falling rapidly with increasing carrier concentration and reaching a steady state
      value of 1 ml/min. These results emphasize the importance of using specifically
      labelled insulin in physiological and biochemical studies of hepatic insulin
      metabolism. Perfusion with A14 tyrosine-labelled insulin at 4 degrees C showed
      apparent saturation with binding to the plasma membrane fraction. Perfusion at 37
      degrees C also showed apparent saturation with uptake predominantly to the
      ligandosome fraction. These results implicate the plasma membrane-ligandosome
      pathway in the hepatic uptake of insulin at both physiological and
      pharmacological concentrations of the hormone.

PMID- 3891123
TI  - Analysis of a series of sixty soft tissue sarcomas in adults treated with a
      cyclophosphamide-vincristine-adriamycin-dacarbazine (CYVADIC) combination.
AB  - From 1976 to 1983, a group of 60 adult patients presenting with metastatic and/or
      locally advanced soft tissue sarcomas was treated with combination chemotherapy
      consisting in cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin, and DTIC (CYVADIC). A
      tumor response was obtained for 29 patients (48.3%), with 4 (6.7%) cases of
      complete regression. The median duration of the response was 10 months. Responses
      were noted in 14/22 patients receiving induction chemotherapy for advanced, and
      previously nonirradiated, primary tumors; among the patients with metastatic
      disease tumor regression was recorded in 17/32 patients with pulmonary
      metastases, but in none of the patients with metastases at other sites. Moreover,
      the attainment of a response was found to correlated with the patient's general
      condition, while response duration depended on the histoprognostic grade of the
      tumors.

PMID- 3891125
TI  - Characterization of a kininogenase from rat vascular tissue resembling tissue
      kallikrein.
AB  - A kininogenase resembling glandular kallikrein was partially purified from
      vascular tissue and characterized. Saline-perfused rat tail arteries and veins
      were homogenized in 0.25 M sucrose containing 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4). The
      homogenate was centrifuged at 105,000 g for 60 minutes, and a vascular
      kininogenase was purified from the supernatant by chromatofocusing, affinity
      chromatography on immobilized antibodies against rat urinary kallikrein, and gel
      filtration on Sephadex G-100. The inhibitory effects of antibodies against rat
      urinary kallikrein were tested with equivalent kinin-forming concentrations of
      rat urinary kallikrein and vascular kininogenase. Kininogenase activities of both
      enzymes were similarly inhibited by both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies.
      Aprotinin (1,000 KIU) completely inhibited vascular kininogenase activity, while
      soybean trypsin inhibitor (100 micrograms) did not modify its kinin-forming
      activity. Vascular kininogenase and rat urinary kallikrein had the same elution
      volume when chromatographed on a Sephadex G-100 column, and had similar
      mobilities in 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Kinins released by vascular
      kininogenase were identified as bradykinin by reverse-phase high performance
      liquid chromatography. Rat vascular kininogenase appears to be similar to
      glandular kallikrein. Kinins released locally by vascular kininogenase may
      contribute to the regulation of vascular tone.

PMID- 3891127
TI  - Influence of chronic captopril therapy on the infarcted left ventricle of the
      rat.
AB  - To determine whether the relationship between infarct size and ventricular
      performance, volume, and compliance could be altered favorably, captopril was
      administered to rats for 3 months following coronary artery ligation. Baseline
      left and right ventricular and systemic arterial pressures and aortic blood flow,
      and maximal stroke volume and cardiac indices attained during a volume loading,
      were measured. Passive pressure-volume relations of the left ventricle were
      determined, and the slopes of segments of this relation were analyzed to
      characterize ventricular chamber stiffness. In untreated rats, left ventricular
      end-diastolic pressure progressively rose (from 5-28 mm Hg) as a function of
      infarct size, whereas, in captopril-treated rats, filling pressure remained
      within normal limits (5 +/- 1 mm Hg) in all but those with extensive infarcts.
      Chronic captopril therapy reduced baseline mean arterial pressure and total
      peripheral resistance, yet maintained cardiac and stroke outputs in rats both
      with and without infarcts. In untreated rats, maximal pumping ability
      progressively declined with increasing infarct size, whereas, in captopril
      treated rats, peak stroke volume index remained within normal limits in all but
      those with extensive infarcts. The in vitro left ventricular volumes of captopril
      treated rats were significantly less than those of untreated rats. The
      maintenance of forward output from a lesser dilated left ventricle yielded an
      index of ejection fraction for treated rats with moderate and large infarcts that
      was significantly elevated compared with that of untreated rats with infarcts of
      comparable size. Left ventricular chamber stiffness, which fell as infarct size
      increased in untreated rats, was normalized by chronic captopril therapy. Thus,
      captopril attenuated the left ventricular remodeling (dilation) and deterioration
      in performance that were observed in rats with chronic myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3891126
TI  - Cytoskeletal features of rat aortic cells during development. An electron
      microscopic, immunohistochemical, and biochemical study.
AB  - Actin, vimentin, desmin, and tropomyosin distribution in rat aortic endothelial
      and smooth muscle cells has been studied during development using fetal (18 to 20
      days of gestation), and 5- and 14-day-, and 5-, and 12-week-old rats. Endothelial
      cells of newborn animals actively replicate and contain many actin stress fibers,
      whereas, in adult animals, replication is minimal and actin stress fibers are
      rare. The actin, vimentin, desmin, and tropomyosin content of smooth muscle cells
      increases gradually from fetal to adult animals. The number of desmin-containing
      cells also increases from 13% in fetal rats to 51% in adult rats. The beta-actin
      isoform is predominant in fetal and newborn animals, but gradually the alpha
      isoform becomes quantitatively the most important, as seen by bidimensional
      polyacrylamide gels. Several analogies exist between the features of developing
      smooth muscle and what is known for developing striated muscle cells. The
      evolution of cytoskeletal features from fetal to adult animals is remarkably the
      opposite of what takes place in: (1) rat aortic smooth muscle cells proliferating
      after an endothelial injury, (2) human arterial smooth muscle cells present in
      atheromas, and (3) actively growing rat aortic smooth muscle cells in vitro.
      Thus, the assumption that pathological or cultured smooth muscle cells are
      "dedifferentiated" is supported by our biochemical observations.

PMID- 3891128
TI  - [Some observations on the clonorchiasis intradermal test].

PMID- 3891129
TI  - The dependence of myocardial ultrasonic integrated backscatter on contractile
      performance.
AB  - We have recently shown that the cardiac cycle-dependent variation in myocardial
      ultrasonic integrated backscatter is blunted with regional ischemia in dogs. To
      determine if global and intramural regional myocardial contractile performance
      can be quantified by integrated backscatter, we analyzed ultrasonic responses
      after induction of increased and decreased contractility in five dogs. A recently
      developed analog data-acquisition system for measuring integrated backscatter in
      real time was used to sample radiofrequency signals gated from subepicardial or
      subendocardial regions. Base-line recordings of integrated backscatter, left
      ventricular pressure, left ventricular dP/dt, and wall thickness were made at 12
      left ventricular sites for both intramural regions. Contractility was modified
      subsequently by either paired pacing or propranolol to produce significantly
      elevated or depressed values for maximum left ventricular dP/dt compared with
      baseline (1083 +/- 289 to 3001 +/- 570 mm Hg/sec; p less than .01 for all). The
      amplitude of the cyclic variation of integrated backscatter was 50% greater
      (arithmetically) in subendocardial than in subepicardial regions for all
      treatments (7.6 +/- 0.3 vs 6.0 +/- 0.5 dB, p less than .001). The maximum rate of
      change in integrated backscatter waveforms during isovolumetric contraction was
      faster with paired pacing and slower with propranolol than at baseline for all
      regions (56 +/- 6 to 74 +/- 6 to 82 +/- 5 dB/sec, p less than .005). The maximum
      rate of change in integrated backscatter also was greater in subendocardial than
      subepicardial regions (p less than .001). Thus, both regional and global
      differences in myocardial contractile performance are manifest quantitatively in
      integrated backscatter waveforms. We propose that the physiologic determinants of
      these differences may depend on regional and global variations in myofibril
      elastic characteristics.

PMID- 3891130
TI  - Ultrasonic tissue characterization: detection of acute myocardial ischemia in
      dogs.
AB  - Ultrasonic tissue characterization is a new area of investigation in the field of
      cardiac ultrasound. The amplitude and frequency of the ultrasound signal are
      normally altered as the signal penetrates through tissue. It is assumed that the
      amplitude distribution and frequency shift of diseased or edematous tissue are
      different than those of normal tissue. A statistical approach to the analysis of
      the unprocessed radiofrequency signal in the amplitude domain was used to study
      the effect of acute myocardial ischemia on the parameter mean amplitude/standard
      deviation of the amplitude (MSR). Ten dogs were anesthetized and underwent left
      lateral thoracotomy. Baseline mean MSR from the interventricular septum was 1.99
      +/- 0.05, but increased by 30 min after coronary artery occlusion and started to
      plateau at 1 hr (mean 2.24 +/- 0.06). Reproducibility in noninfarcted myocardium
      (left ventricular inferoposterior wall) was good, with a mean MSR of 2.00 +/-
      0.05 at baseline and 1.98 +/- 0.04 3 to 4 hr later. There was no difference in
      mean MSR when data were obtained through chest wall and when they were obtained
      directly from the surface of the heart. We conclude that statistical analysis in
      the amplitude domain of the unprocessed radiofrequency signal can detect acute
      myocardial ischemia within 30 min after coronary artery occlusion, provides
      reproducible measurements, and is unaffected by chest wall filtering.

PMID- 3891131
TI  - Cardiology in 1885.

PMID- 3891132
TI  - Some reflections on arteriosclerosis: past, present, and future.

PMID- 3891133
TI  - Systemic and regional hemodynamic effects of captopril and milrinone administered
      alone and concomitantly in patients with heart failure.
AB  - The effects of milrinone and captopril on ventricular performance, renal blood
      flow, and femoral vein oxygen content were compared in 11 patients with severe
      chronic heart failure. The increase in stroke volume index was greater with
      milrinone than with captopril (28 +/- 7 vs 24 +/- 7 ml/m2; p less than .05),
      while pulmonary capillary wedge pressures fell similarly (19 +/- 10 vs 21 +/- 7
      mm Hg). Mean systemic arterial pressure decreased significantly from 84 +/- 10 to
      73 +/- 11 mm Hg (p less than .05) with captopril but did not with milrinone.
      Neither drug changed heart rate significantly. Although milrinone produced a
      greater improvement in ventricular performance than captopril, renal blood flow
      increased similarly with both drugs from 289 +/- 78 to 417 +/- 111 ml/min (p less
      than .05) and from 278 +/- 77 to 441 +/- 115 ml/min (p less than .05),
      respectively. Femoral vein oxygen content was increased by milrinone from 7.9 +/-
      2.6 to 9.8 +/- 3.0 ml/100 ml (p less than .05) and was not changed by captopril.
      In seven additional patients, intravenous milrinone, administered at the peak
      effect of captopril, further augmented stroke volume index from 24 +/- 6 to 32 +/
      6 ml/m2 (p less than .05) and tended to reduce pulmonary capillary wedge
      pressure further from 20 +/- 8 to 18 +/- 9 mm Hg (p = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3891134
TI  - Dispersion of ventricular repolarization and arrhythmia: study of two consecutive
      ventricular premature complexes.
AB  - The effect of two consecutive ventricular premature stimuli (S1S2) during atrial
      pacing on dispersion of repolarization and inducibility of ventricular
      arrhythmias was studied in 16 dogs under control conditions and in four dogs in
      the presence of an increased dispersion of repolarization during atrial pacing
      induced by general hypothermia and regional warm blood perfusion via selective
      cannulation of the distal branch of left anterior decending coronary artery.
      Dispersion of repolarization was measured as the maximal difference between the
      ends of six simultaneously recorded monophasic action potentials (MAPs) from
      anterior ventricular surface, and consisted of MAP duration difference and
      activation time difference. Dispersion of repolarization during atrial pacing at
      control was 29 +/- 7 msec (activation time difference 4 +/- 6 msec, MAP duration
      difference 25 +/- 8 msec), that after S1 at paraseptal the site was 81 +/- 8 msec
      (activation time difference 73 +/- 12 msec, MAP duration difference 8 +/- 5
      msec), and that after S1S2 was 148 +/- 27 msec (activation time difference 103 +/
      21, MAP duration difference 44 +/- 26 msec). Neither S1 nor S1S2 induced
      ventricular arrhythmia. Hypothermia and regional warm blood reperfusion increased
      dispersion of repolarization during atrial pacing to 70 +/- 22 msec (activation
      time difference 9 +/- 3 msec, MAP duration difference 61 +/- 19 msec). During
      hypothermia and regional warm blood reperfusion, S1 produced a dispersion of
      repolarization of 149 +/- 29 msec (activation time difference 85 +/- 8 msec, MAP
      duration difference 64 +/- 23 msec) and did not induce ventricular
      arrhythmia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3891135
TI  - A Doppler-two-dimensional echocardiographic method for quantitation of mitral
      regurgitation.
AB  - A noninvasive method to accurately quantitate the severity of mitral
      insufficiency would be of major clinical value. In theory, in the absence of
      confounding variables, regurgitant mitral flow should represent the difference
      between forward mitral blood flow and aortic blood flow. Since Doppler-two
      dimensional echocardiographic (D2DE) methods for measuring transvalvular mitral
      and aortic flow have been validated, it should be possible to use mitral and
      aortic flows derived by this method to calculate regurgitant mitral flow. To
      assess the validity and accuracy of this combined approach for quantitation of
      regurgitant flow, we developed an open-chest canine preparation in which we could
      simulate, vary, and accurately measure degrees of mitral regurgitation. Seven
      animals were anesthetized and prepared to allow controlled right heart output.
      Mitral regurgitation was than simulated by placing a flexible conduit
      incorporating a one-way valve and electromagnetic flowmeter between the left
      ventricular apex and left atrium. Flow through the tube (effective mitral
      regurgitation) was varied between 0.2 and 1.8 liters/min and forward cardiac
      output ranged between 0.5 and 4 liters/min. Transmitral and transaortic flows
      were calculated by previously reported Doppler methods. Doppler-derived estimates
      of forward flow through the aortic valve correlated well with the flow measured
      by flowmeter (r = .92), and regurgitant flow and regurgitant fraction calculated
      by the D2DE approach also compared well with those measured by flowmeter (r = .84
      and .83, respectively). This study demonstrates that mitral regurgitant flow and
      regurgitant fraction calculated by the D2DE method provide an acceptable measure
      of both absolute regurgitant flow and the regurgitant fraction in the
      experimental setting.

PMID- 3891136
TI  - Survival after an experimental myocardial infarction: beneficial effects of long
      term therapy with captopril.
AB  - Although vasodilator therapy has been shown to improve functional capacity in
      patients with congestive heart failure, there is no evidence that such therapy
      can prolong survival. Coronary artery ligation in the rat was used to produce a
      wide range of myocardial infarct sizes and a resultant spectrum of left
      ventricular dysfunction. To determine the relationship between size of myocardial
      infarction and long-term survival and to test the hypothesis that long-term
      therapy with captopril could improve survival after myocardial infarction, 302
      rats were randomly assigned to either placebo or captopril therapy 14 days after
      coronary artery ligation. The animals were kept in a laminar flow unit and
      followed daily for a 1 year period or until spontaneous death. Size of myocardial
      infarction was determined by planimetry of serial histologic sections of the left
      ventricle. One year survival in placebo-treated rats decreased markedly in direct
      relation to increasing size of infarction (from 71% in noninfarcted rats to only
      8% in rats with large infarcts). Long-term captopril therapy prolonged the
      survival of rats with infarcts (p less than .02). The most marked improvement in
      survival was noted in the animals with infarcts of moderate size, in which 1 year
      survival was 21% in the placebo-treated rats and 48% in the captopril-treated
      rats. Thus, in this experimental preparation of myocardial infarction and left
      ventricular dysfunction, survival was inversely related to size of infarction.
      Long-term therapy with captopril, which we had previously shown to improve left
      ventricular function and lessen dilatation in the chronic phase of infarction,
      also had a pronounced effect on prolonging survival in this preparation of
      chronic infarction.

PMID- 3891137
TI  - Shared responsibility in clinical research.

PMID- 3891138
TI  - Enzyme immunochromatography--a quantitative immunoassay requiring no
      instrumentation.
AB  - We describe a novel test-strip immunoassay for quantifying drugs in biological
      fluids. This enzyme immunochromatographic ("immunograph") method combines many
      features of the enzyme-channeling homogeneous immunoassay with
      immunochromatography and capillary migration to provide a non-separation, non
      instrumental assay for theophylline in which quantification is based on the
      spatial distribution of enzyme label rather than on the modulation of enzyme
      activity. Sample antigen and hapten-enzyme conjugate are combined and moved by
      capillary action up a paper strip on which specific antibody has been
      immobilized. After color development, the assay result is evaluated by measuring
      the height of the colored zone on the test strip. Quantification is not a
      function of enzyme activity, so the method is relatively insensitive to sample
      matrix effects, enzyme instability, temperature, and incubation timing. Either
      whole blood or plasma can be used as sample. Results correlate well with those by
      established instrumental methods. The simple, rapid (15 min), two-incubation
      protocol is well suited for on-site testing in non-laboratory environments.

PMID- 3891139
TI  - Rate-nephelometric determination of fibronectin in plasma.
AB  - We describe a kinetic immunonephelometric method for the determination of
      fibronectin in human plasma, used with the Beckman ICS rate nephelometer. The
      method is rapid and cost-effective. Two commercially available controls stated by
      the manufacturer to contain 200 and 295 mg/L were found to contain 198 and 290
      mg/L, respectively. Mean analytical recovery was 104%. Within-run precision (CV)
      for normal samples was 3.8%, between-day precision 5.1%. For samples containing
      subnormal concentrations of fibronectin, these figures were 3.8% and 6.7%,
      respectively. Results by the method described here agreed and correlated well
      with those by a commercially available turbidimetric assay. With appropriately
      diluted samples, the range of measurement is 40 to 1000 mg/L. Normal values for
      women and men were 286 (SD 84) and 340 (SD 55) mg/L, respectively, in good
      agreement with values published by others.

PMID- 3891140
TI  - Single-reagent polarization fluoroimmunoassay for amphetamine in urine.
AB  - This simple polarization fluoroimmunoassay for detection of amphetamine in urine
      involves the use of a single reagent: suitably diluted antiserum plus fluorescein
      labeled amphetamine as tracer. To this, one adds 10 microL of urine, incubates
      for a few minutes at room temperature, and measures the fluorescence
      polarization. By using an antiserum obtained against an immunogen conjugated via
      the para position of the drug's phenyl ring, we have attained greater specificity
      than that of most existing immunoassays. As little as 1 mg of amphetamine per
      liter was easily detected. Results for 266 patients' urines agreed completely
      with those by gas-liquid chromatography. When a nonseparation enzymoimmunoassay
      (EMIT-d.a.u., Syva) was applied to 62 specimens chosen without conscious bias,
      three results were falsely negative, three falsely positive.

PMID- 3891141
TI  - Studies on the "labile-bound" glucose compartment in erythrocytes: studies on
      Psammomys obesus (sand rat) and preliminary studies on human erythrocytes.
AB  - Enzymatic (glucose oxidase) measurement of glucose concentration in the fluid
      compartment of Psammomys erythrocytes (Gfe) and of its concentration in the fluid
      compartment of blood plasma (Gfp) gives the ratio (mean +/- SD): Gfe/Gfp = 1.50
      +/- 0.43 (n = 12, 23 degrees C). However, when we added 3H-labeled glucose (G*)
      in vitro to the whole blood, the ratio after 2 min was G*fe/G*fp = 0.90 (SD 0.11)
      and after 5 min G*fe/G*fp = 0.97 (SD 0.12). These calculations were based on
      previous determination of the fractional volumes of the fluid and non-fluid
      compartments in Psammomys blood. The results suggest that there is more than one
      compartment of measurable glucose in Psammomys erythrocytes. Glucose undergoes a
      fast free transfer between the plasma and the erythrocyte fluids, and a much
      slower transmission to another measurable compartment in the erythrocyte, where
      it is loosely bound to other molecules. This loosely bound glucose does not
      participate in the fast kinetic transmission across the erythrocyte membrane, but
      it is measurable by the glucose-oxidase-based method. Preliminary studies on
      human erythrocytes lead to similar conclusions.

PMID- 3891142
TI  - Alfred Swaine Taylor (1806-1880), pioneer toxicologist--and a slight case of
      murder.

PMID- 3891143
TI  - Simpler measurement of albumin in urine or plasma.

PMID- 3891144
TI  - Least squares calculation of the standard curve for the EMIT manual thyroxin
      assay.

PMID- 3891145
TI  - Labetalol: false-positive indices by EMIT-d.a.u. assay and Toxi-Lab A urine
      screen.

PMID- 3891146
TI  - Issues in speech motor control and their relation to the speech of individuals
      with cleft palate.
AB  - A view of speech motor control is presented that is different from conventional
      coarticulation models. Rather than assuming that phonetic units specify targets
      for peripheral events, this view is based on holistic behavioral goals. The
      importance of discovering strategies that organize interactions among physiologic
      processes of the speech motor system is stressed. The concepts of motor
      flexibility and plasticity are developed. These motor control issues are used as
      the basis for discussing the relations among speech motor processes, critical
      minimum velopharyngeal port size, and speech adequacy in speakers with cleft
      palate. Different meanings of velopharyngeal incompetency are considered, and a
      potential misuse of the concept is explained. Finally, the developmental
      character of motor plasticity is discussed, and the implications of critical
      periods in speech motor learning are raised for children with cleft palate.

PMID- 3891147
TI  - Extracorporeal renal surgery and autotransplantation for complicated stone
      disease.

PMID- 3891148
TI  - Primary hyperoxaluria. A frequently unappreciated cause of chronic renal failure.

PMID- 3891149
TI  - Nonurographic evaluation of renal calculous disease.

PMID- 3891150
TI  - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography in the evaluation of systemic and
      pulmonary venous anomalies.

PMID- 3891151
TI  - Diagnosis of Pompe's disease using leukocyte preparations. Kinetic and
      immunological studies of 1,4-alpha-glucosidase in human fetal and adult tissues
      and cultured cells.
AB  - Kinetic and immunological studies of 1,4-alpha-glucosidase show that the
      distribution of acid, renal and neutral alpha-glucosidase at pH 4.0 and 6.5 is as
      follows: in liver and cultured fibroblasts and amniotic fluid cells the activity
      at pH 4.0 is mainly due to the acid enzyme. Even at pH 6.5, the activity is
      largely due to the residual activity of the acid enzyme. In kidney and
      leukocytes, however, the activity by acid enzyme at pH 4.0 represents only 30-60%
      of the total activity and the remaining activity is from renal enzyme. At pH 6.5,
      the activity is almost exclusively of renal enzyme. Renal alpha-glucosidase has a
      higher affinity for maltose (Km, 0.8 mmol/l) than acid enzyme, however; for
      glycogen acid enzyme shows the highest affinity (20.7 g/l). There is no
      significant difference in the kinetic characteristics of alpha-glucosidase
      between fetal and adult tissues. In kidney, however, a relative increase in renal
      enzyme to acid enzyme with age is found, i.e. in fetal kidney the alpha
      glucosidase activity at pH 4.0 is more than twice that at pH 6.5, whereas in
      adult kidney, the activity ratio at pH 4.0-6.5 is approximately 1. Antibodies for
      human liver acid alpha-glucosidase decrease the alpha-glucosidase activity in
      normal leukocytes by 22-75% at pH 4.0 (0.54-3.8 nmol/min per mg protein). The
      decrease is significantly lower in patients with Pompe's disease (0-0.11 nmol/min
      per mg protein) as well as in their parents and some siblings (0.15-0.70).

PMID- 3891152
TI  - Effect of sleep on blood pressure and its correlates.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in blood pressure, heart
      rate, renal plasma flow, catecholamines, renin and angiotensin in fifteen
      patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. During sleep a progressive
      fall in blood pressure and heart rate was found. Renal plasma flow and calculated
      renal vascular resistance were reduced as well. Noradrenaline and adrenaline
      decreased, but renin and angiotensin rose. The rise in renin was inversely
      related to age. Blood pressure was more variable during REM-sleep but otherwise
      there were no differences in the level of blood pressure and catecholamines
      during REM-sleep or during sleep stage IV.

PMID- 3891153
TI  - Ambulatory versus casual blood pressure in the diagnosis of hypertensive
      patients.

PMID- 3891154
TI  - Twenty-four hour blood pressure monitoring in the evaluation of once daily
      treatment of essential hypertension with captopril.
AB  - A new ambulatory blood pressure monitoring system is being used in a study of
      once daily treatment of essential hypertension with captopril. The Instruments
      for Cardiac Research system consists of a small, battery powered monitoring
      device carried by the patient and a base unit containing a microcomputer. On
      completion of the 24-hour monitoring schedule, the base unit extracts the data
      from the portable unit. The base unit can then display the data in tabular or
      graphic form on its printer, or record it on a built in microcassette recorder.
      The data can readily be transferred to a main frame computer for subsequent
      analysis. Ninety-eight percent of the patients wore the unit initially with only
      an additional 2% refusals at 3 subsequent evaluations during the 5 month trial.
      Eighty-six percent of the tapes had one-half or more of the readings.

PMID- 3891155
TI  - Participation of vascular prostacyclin for the pathogenesis of experimental
      glucocorticoid hypertension in rats.
AB  - Prostacyclin (PGI2) generation in the mesenteric arteries from dexamethasone
      acetate (DX) and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) treated rats was assessed by
      ex vivo perfusion method. PGI2 generation which was measured by 6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      output in the perfusate was significantly reduced in DX treated rats at
      prehypertensive stage both under the basal conditions and in response to
      angiotensin (ANG) II, whereas in DOCA group rats, vascular PGI2 production was
      not impaired. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was significantly suppressed in DOCA
      but normal in DX rats. These results suggest that the reduced PGI2 generation in
      the resistance arteries may contribute to the development of hypertension induced
      by DX.

PMID- 3891156
TI  - Peritonsillar abscess: bacteriological evaluation.
AB  - The pus from a series of 41 peritonsillar abscesses was examined
      bacteriologically. In the majority of the abscesses a mixed bacterial flora was
      found. The specimens yielded 0-7 different bacterial species per abscess (mean
      3.0). One species alone was isolated only in five cases (12.5%). Both anaerobic
      and aerobic bacteria were isolated from the specimens of 25 patients (61%), only
      anaerobes from two specimens (4.9%), and only facultative bacteria from 12
      specimens (29%). Beta haemolytic streptococci were cultured in 43.9% of the
      cases, but Streptococcus pyogenes group A in only 10 cases (24.4%). Thus, the pus
      of the peritonsillar abscess seems to be caused by a mixed bacterial infection,
      where anaerobic bacteria play a significant role. Indications of tonsillectomy in
      cases with peritonsillar abscess are discussed.

PMID- 3891157
TI  - Observer variation in clinical examination of the nasal airway.
AB  - There has been no standardization of clinical assessment of the nasal airway
      between different clinical trials. In order to evaluate the reproducibility of
      tests in use in current clinical practice, a pre-trial inter-observer assessment
      of the nasal airway tests was made and an intra- and inter-observer assessment
      was made in 25 patients. Differing degrees of correlation were demonstrated,
      using the Kappa statistic. Suggestions are made to enable improved
      standardization of clinical examination of the nasal airways for clinical trials.

PMID- 3891158
TI  - Fashion, science and technical change: the history of the treatment of glue ear.
AB  - One reason for the current epidemic in the rate of surgery for glue ear in
      children is that a shift in treatment has taken place from non-surgical to
      surgical methods. An historical review of the treatment of this condition reveals
      the existence of previous 'surgical epidemics' and the importance of two
      particular factors-technical developments, such as the design of tympanostomy
      tubes and the introduction of antibacterial drugs; and the lure of panaceas such
      as ionizing radiation. In addition, it reveals how medical practice is, like most
      human behaviour, subject to fashion. Despite this, there is a constant desire by
      practitioners to be adjudged 'scientific' in their work, and definitions of
      science are equally susceptible to change over time.

PMID- 3891159
TI  - A controlled trial of hypnotherapy in tinnitus.
AB  - A group of 14 patients with unilateral tinnitus were selected because of the
      constant nature of their tinnitus, and its resistance to all other forms of
      therapy. They were subjected to hypnosis in three forms in random order. The
      induction of a trance state alone formed the control arm of the trial. Compared
      to this were the effects of 'ego boosting' and active suppression of tinnitus
      whilst in a trance state. One of the 14 patients showed a highly significant
      response to the latter treatment as judged by visual analogue scales. Five of the
      14 patients (36%) found the induction of a hypnotic state of value. This seemed
      to help them tolerate their tinnitus better, although its loudness and quality
      were unaltered.

PMID- 3891160
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of glycogenosis type II (Pompe's disease) using chorionic
      villi biopsy.
AB  - Glycogenosis type II (Pompe's disease) has been diagnosed using cultured amniotic
      cells for several years. In this paper, we present three prenatal diagnoses based
      on chorionic villi biopsy in three families at risk for Pompe's disease juvenile
      form: a normal fetus that was diagnosed and confirmed by enzymatic assay on
      amniotic cells; two affected fetuses that were diagnosed and confirmed on post
      abortion fetal tissues. In one case a residual acid alpha-glucosidase activity
      was found; we concluded that the residual activity was due to maternal
      contamination. Prenatal diagnosis of Pompe's disease is therefore possible using
      chorionic villi biopsy.

PMID- 3891161
TI  - Sarcomas--a clinicopathological guide with particular reference to cutaneous
      manifestation. II. Malignant nerve sheath tumour, leiomyosarcoma and
      rhabdomyosarcoma.

PMID- 3891162
TI  - The discriminatory diagnostic ability of beta 2-microglobulin labelling in viral
      warts, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia and verrucous carcinoma of the skin.

PMID- 3891163
TI  - Dr. H.J. Wallace. Curriculum vitae.

PMID- 3891164
TI  - Immunohistological phenotyping of thyroid infiltrating lymphocytes in Graves'
      disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
AB  - Subsets of lymphocytes in the thyroid were immunophenotyped by their surface
      antigens in frozen tissues of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. Using
      triple layer immunoperoxidase staining (IP), monoclonal antibodies (T3, Leu 3,
      T8, anti-Tac and Leu 7) were employed to detect markers of T cell subsets,
      activated T cells, and a natural killer associated antigen. B cells were
      identified by 2 step IP with anti-IgD antisera. Excluding those cells forming
      lymphoid follicles, the density of lymphocytes infiltrating between thyroid
      epithelial cells was much higher in Hashimoto's thyroiditis than in Graves'
      disease. However, relative proportions of subsets were similar in both diseases.
      Most of the infiltrating cells were T3 positive T cells (T3+), with more T8+
      (suppressor/cytotoxic T) than Leu 3+ (inducer/helper T). Some Leu 7+ were
      occasionally seen, but surface IgD positive mature B cells (IgD+) were almost
      absent. In contrast, IgD+ cells were densely aggregated in primary lymphoid
      follicles and mantle zones of secondary follicles. In these regions, Leu 3+ cells
      were about twice as frequent as T8+ cells. Some Leu 7+ and scarce Tac+ cells were
      also found. The present study indicates a major involvement of immunoregulatory T
      cells in autoimmune thyroid disease, and also suggested intrathyroidal maturation
      of B cells.

PMID- 3891165
TI  - Amplifier T cell activity is decreased in MRL/1 mice: failure of concanavalin A
      and anti-lymphocyte serum to enhance antibody responses to thymus-independent
      antigens.
AB  - In order to indirectly assess T and B cell function in vivo in spontaneously
      autoimmune MRL mice, IgM plaque forming cell (PFC) responses to the thymus
      independent antigens type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (S3) and
      polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were determined. Both MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/l) and
      MRL/Mp+/+ (MRL/n) mice responded well to S3 and, in fact, low doses of S3 which
      are not immunogenic in normal strains of mice elicited good responses in MRL
      mice. PVP was less immunogenic than S3, however, doses of PVP which are
      considered sub-immunogenic in normal mice did elicit responses in MRL mice. The
      effect of ageing on S3 and PVP responsiveness in MRL mice was also determined.
      Responses to S3 and PVP declined minimally in MRL/l mice and were unchanged in
      MRL/n mice. Amplifier T cell (TA) activity in MRL mice was indirectly assessed by
      determining the effect on concanavalin A or anti-lymphocyte serum on PFC
      responses to S3 and PVP. Whereas significant enhancement of the S3 and PVP IgM
      PFC responses occurred in MRL/n mice, neither method elicited remarkable
      enhancement in MRL/l mice. The lack of IgM enhancement was not due to altered
      kinetics of activation nor to a switch to IgG PFC responses. Possible reasons for
      the apparent dysfunction of TA in MRL/l mice are discussed.

PMID- 3891166
TI  - A non-specific inhibitor produced by Candida albicans activated T cells impairs
      cell proliferation by inhibiting interleukin-1 production.
AB  - Human T lymphocytes cultured in vitro for 5 days with Candida albicans purified
      polysaccharide (MPPS) produce and antigen non-specific inhibitor (nsINH) which
      blocks cell proliferation when added at the beginning of the culture. The antigen
      presenting function of antigen pulsed adherent cells (macrophages) is
      significantly impaired by incubation in nsINH. Further analysis shows that nsINH
      blocks the production of interleukin-1 both from human mononuclear cells
      stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, the production of interleukin-2
      (IL-2) is also suppressed when MPPS stimulated cells are cultured in presence of
      nsINH. However nsINH does not affect the appearance of IL-2 responsive cells as
      the addition of gibbon IL-2 to the culture fully reverses the suppressive effect
      of nsINH on blast transformation.

PMID- 3891167
TI  - Studies on fibronectin in inflammatory vs non-inflammatory polymorphonuclear
      leucocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. I. Immunofluorescent and flow
      cytometric analysis.
AB  - Using indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, we studied the reactivity
      of an antibody to human fibronectin with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes
      (PMNL). Our main objective was to compare the intensity of reaction of this
      antibody with inflammatory vs non-inflammatory PMNL. We used peripheral blood
      PMNL as a source of non-inflammatory cells and PMNL isolated from the synovial
      fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis as a source of inflammatory cells.
      Our findings revealed considerably brighter staining of the inflammatory PMNL.
      Using flow cytometry as a method of measurement, a difference in fluorescence
      intensity of at least 40 channels (log scale) was observed in all 12 patients
      studied when comparing peripheral blood with synovial fluid PMNL. In inflammatory
      PMNL, fibronectin was found both at the intracellular and membrane levels of the
      cell whereas fibronectin could be detected only intracellularly in non
      inflammatory PMNL.

PMID- 3891168
TI  - Glomerular deposition of immune complexes prepared with monomeric or polymeric
      IgA.
AB  - Clearance kinetics and renal deposition of soluble IgA immune complexes (IgA IC)
      were examined to determine the nephritogenic potential of IgA molecular form in
      mediating experimental IgA nephropathy. The immune complexes were prepared by
      mixing purified radiolabelled monomeric (mIgA) or polymeric (pIgA) IgA anti
      dinitrophenyl (DNP), derived from MOPC-315 myeloma, with DNP conjugated Ficoll
      (DNP8-Ficoll). Clearance of IgAIC from the circulation was curve fitted by two
      exponential components. The first component was similar for both mIgA IC and pIgA
      IC. The second component was slightly more rapid for mIgA IC than for pIgA IC.
      Immunofluorescence studies, however, showed that only pIgA IC deposited in the
      kidneys. Analysis of IgA IC by gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      indicated that mIgA formed only small latticed complexes. The critical role of
      IgA IC lattice size in renal deposition was confirmed by demonstrating that large
      latticed mIgA IC, prepared by covalent cross-linking mIgA with a specific
      affinity labelling antigen, deposited in the kidneys in a pattern similar to pIgA
      IC. Our results suggest that the monovalency of mIgA is responsible for its
      inability to form a large latticed nephritogenic complexes.

PMID- 3891169
TI  - A monoclonal antibody to a rat hepato-renal membrane antigen.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody against a membrane glycoprotein of rat hepatocytes has been
      produced. The nature of this antibody designated as HAM.4 was analysed by
      cellular radioimmunoassay, flow cytofluorography and indirect immunoperoxidase
      procedures. The following characteristics of HAM.4 were elucidated. First, an
      immunohistochemical study revealed that this antibody stained preferentially the
      bile canalicular face of hepatocyte membrane. Secondly, HAM.4 cross-reacted with
      kidney, spleen and thymus as well as liver. The kidney expressed much more the
      antigen molecules detected by this antibody than the liver did. The antigen was
      located predominantly on the brush border of proximal tubules in kidney. Thus,
      HAM.4 would be useful for analysing one of the brush border antigens of renal
      tubules which has been thought to be a pathogenic antigen for inducing
      experimental membranous glomerulonephritis. Finally, HAM.4 failed to label the
      cell membrane of rat hepatoma cell lines examined, indicating that the antigen
      detected by HAM.4 may disappear from cell surface during the course of
      hepatocarcinogenesis.

PMID- 3891170
TI  - Hybrids from normal, germ free, nude and neonatal mice produce monoclonal
      autoantibodies to eight different intracellular structures.
AB  - The supernatants of hybrids produced by fusion of splenocytes from normal, germ
      free, nude and neonatal BALB/c mice with mouse NS-1 myeloma cells were examined
      for immunofluorescence reactivity with viable and acetone fixed monolayers of
      syngeneic mouse fibroblasts and mouse 3T3 cells and with viable cell suspensions
      of syngeneic mouse erythrocytes and thymocytes. The supernatants of 70 out of 419
      (16.7%) hybrids from normal mice, 87 out of 627 (13.9%) from germ free mice, 28
      out of 240 (11.7%) from nude mice and 42 out of 1020 (4%) from neonatal mice
      reacted with 8 different intracellular structures in mouse fibroblasts and 3T3
      cells, and with rat and human fibroblasts. The reactive intracellular structures
      comprised stress fibres, intermediate filaments, cell membrane associated, golgi
      complex, cytoplasm, cytoplasmic vesicles, mitochondria and nuclei. Of 45 stable
      clones derived by limiting dilution, 43 produced IgM antibodies and two IgG2b
      antibodies. Only one out of the 2,306 (0.04%) hybrids produced an autoantibody to
      the surface membrane of mouse thymocytes. These results show that B cells with
      reactivity towards different intracellular structures are present in the normal B
      cell repertoire whereas surface reactive B cells may be deleted or more
      profoundly suppressed or anergic and unable to form viable Ig producing
      hybridomas.

PMID- 3891171
TI  - Influence of prostaglandin inhibition on dihydralazine induced acute effects in
      patients with essential hypertension.
AB  - In order to determine whether vasodilator prostaglandins (PG) contribute to the
      acute vascular and endocrine responses to intravenously administered
      dihydralazine, we examined its effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure
      (BP), heart rate (HR), plasma renin activity (PRA) and the plasma catecholamines
      (CA) noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A) and dopamine (DA) as well as on sodium,
      potassium and creatinine clearance (CNa, CK and CCr respectively), urinary flow
      rate, urinary catecholamines (NA, A, DA) and iPGE2 and i6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      excretion rate in six patients (three females, three males) with essential
      hypertension before and after PG synthesis inhibition by the nonsteroidal, anti
      inflammatory agent diclofenac. Diclofenac, which reduced urinary iPGE2 and i6
      keto-PGF1 alpha excretion by 62% (P = 0.026) and 45% (P = 0.037), respectively,
      antagonized dihydralazine induced diastolic BP reduction (P = 0.0009), HR
      increase (P = 0.01), noradrenaline and adrenaline increase in plasma (P = 0.02
      and P = 0.05, respectively), increase in urine flow rate (P = 0.03), sodium
      clearance (P = 0.01) and tended to reduce PRA. We conclude that dihydralazine
      mediated changes can be reduced by cyclo-oxygenase inhibition, most likely on the
      basis of a reduction of its effect on peripheral resistance, thereby leading to
      less reflex activation of the sympathetic nervous and renin-angiotensin systems.

PMID- 3891172
TI  - Stability and inter-relationships of hormone, haemodynamic and electrolyte levels
      in heart failure in man.
AB  - Relationships between clinical status, haemodynamic measurements, hormone and
      biochemical indices, and maintenance diuretic dose in patients with chronic
      cardiac failure, are not clear. This study assessed such relationships and their
      stability under standardized conditions in 21 hospitalized patients. The daily
      maintenance dose of frusemide correlated closely and in a positive fashion with
      plasma levels of renin activity, angiotensin II and aldosterone (P less than
      0.001), and to a lesser extent with plasma noradrenaline. Although there was some
      overlap, patients most incapacitated by their heart failure had the highest
      circulating levels of renin activity, angiotensin II, aldosterone and
      noradrenaline. Plasma aldosterone correlated closely with concomitant angiotensin
      II levels (r = 0.70, P less than 0.001) but not with its other secretagogues ACTH
      (as reflected by plasma cortisol) or plasma potassium. Close positive
      correlations between angiotensin II and plasma levels of urea and creatinine (P
      less than 0.01) were observed. Both renin and angiotensin II showed positive
      relationships with right heart pressures, but were inversely related to cardiac
      index and arterial pressure. These results show close relationships between
      clinical and haemodynamic indices on one hand, and hormones on the other. The
      renin-angiotensin system appears to be the primary regulator of aldosterone under
      these conditions, and its activity relates closely to haemodynamic measurements
      and to the degree of azotaemia.

PMID- 3891173
TI  - Immune abnormalities in the diabetic New Zealand obese (NZO) mouse: insulin
      treatment partially suppresses splenic hyperactivity measured by flow cytometric
      analysis.
AB  - Immune abnormalities in both the humoral and cell-mediated immune systems were
      found in New Zealand obese (NZO) mice, a model of diabetes associated with
      autoimmune disease. Both the formation of anti-sheep red blood cell plaques and
      mitogen stimulation of NZO spleen cells were significantly decreased compared to
      normal strains of mice. In addition to perturbations of splenic lymphocyte
      function, the enlarged spleens of NZO mice demonstrated increased cycling cells
      as measured by flow cytometric analysis of the DNA content of individual cells.
      These abnormalities are similar but less pronounced than those found in another
      autoimmune model, the New Zealand black (NZB) strain. The pancreases of diabetic
      NZO mice contained a higher fraction of nuclei with greater than 2c amount of
      DNA. Chronic insulin administration decreased the percentages of splenic
      proliferating cells and polyploid pancreas cells in NZO mice. In addition,
      insulin treatment of NZO mice decreased spleen weights and serum glucose levels.
      Chronic insulin treatment did not alter these parameters in either nondiabetic
      Balb/c or autoimmune NZB mice. Thus, the features of the NZO strain which serve
      as both an autoimmunity model and a diabetes model can be dissociated. Insulin
      treatment had a unique effect on NZO traits but not on NZB traits even through
      many of these traits were present in both strains. In conclusion, although
      autoimmunity may underlie the diseases of both the NZO and the NZB strains, the
      amelioration of some of the features of the NZO strain by insulin may represent
      the beneficial effects of insulin on the metabolic control of cellular function
      in NZO mice.

PMID- 3891174
TI  - Antinuclear, anticytoplasmic, and anti-Sjogren's syndrome antigen A (SS-A/Ro)
      antibodies in female blood donors.
AB  - A study of 2500 sera from female blood donors between the ages of 20 and 50 years
      was undertaken to determine the frequency of antinuclear (ANA), anticytoplasmic
      (ACA), and antimitochondrial (AMA) antibodies. When sera were tested by
      immunofluorescence (IF) on HEp-2 cells, 15.9 and 1.1% had ANA titers greater than
      1/20 and 1/80, respectively. Analysis of these sera for autoantibody specificity
      showed: 1.5% antinucleolar, 1.0% anti-nuclear matrix, 0.2% anti-mitotic spindle
      apparatus, and 0.2% anti-primary biliary cirrhosis nuclear antigen. AMA titers of
      greater than 1/80 were seen in 2.5% and AMA titers greater than 1/160 were seen
      in 1.0%. None of the sera had anti-double stranded DNA. Testing of an additional
      2500 sera for anti-Sjogren's Syndrome antigen A (anti-SS-A/Ro) revealed a
      frequency of 22/5000 (0.44%) with the highest frequency (0.72%) being in the 45
      50 age group and a relatively high frequency (0.58%) in the 20-24 age group.

PMID- 3891175
TI  - Monocyte/macrophage derived cells in normal and transplanted human kidneys.
AB  - The existence of HLA-DR/Ia-like antigen (Ia)-bearing cells of the mononuclear
      phagocyte system, macrophages (Mac), and/or interdigitating cells (IDC), in the
      normal kidney is controversial. If present, such cells may be important in renal
      transplant rejection. We performed enzyme histochemistry using alpha-naphthyl
      acetate/butyrate esterases (alpha NAE, alpha NBE), 5'-nucleotidase (5'N), acid
      phosphatase (AcP), alkaline phosphatase (AlkP), and ATPase (ATP) as well as
      immunoperoxidase staining for Ia and lectin binding (Ulex europaeus I; UEA) on
      plastic-embedded tissue sections of normal kidneys and rejected renal allografts.
      Plastic embedding provides clear visualization of histologic detail and allows
      specific identification of immunoperoxidase-stained cells. Mac and IDC (shown to
      be Ia+, alpha NAE+, AcP+, ATP+ in other sites) could not be demonstrated in
      normal renal interstitium. IDC and Mac were not generally identified in normal
      mesangium, although they could not be altogether distinguished from Ia+
      endothelial cells. Focal mesangial staining for alpha NAE but not alpha NBE was
      present. Rejected kidneys showed increased numbers of alpha NAE+ cells in
      glomeruli. These cells were frequently Ia negative and often appeared to be blood
      monocytes present in capillary lumens. Peritubular capillaries and glomerular
      endothelium stained strongly for UEA, 5'N, and Ia. Our results suggest that
      previous reports of the presence of IDC in renal tissue on the basis of staining
      for Ia on frozen tissue may be due to staining of compressed or obliquely
      sectioned vascular structures that were not adequately visualized.

PMID- 3891176
TI  - Effect of cyclosporin A on the non-MHC endothelial antibody response in the rat.
AB  - The effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) on the in vivo humoral immune response against
      the non-MHC endothelial antigen that is present on the renal capillary and venous
      endothelium was tested in a rat model. Male MAXX rats were immunized using pooled
      spleen and lymph node cells from MHC-identical Brown Norway rats to induce the
      endothelial antibody response. The animals were treated with different doses of
      CsA for different periods and it was found that CsA suppressed the response
      completely and irreversibly when administered in a dose of 15 mg/kg/day with a
      minimum duration of therapy for 2 weeks. Animals that received a lower dose (10
      mg/kg/day) or 15 mg/kg/day for 1 week, did show an initial response but failed to
      respond after repeated immunizations. The results show that CsA suppresses the
      humoral response to non-MHC alloantigens. Furthermore, a state of
      nonresponsiveness appears to be induced with doses which are not effective in
      suppressing the initial antibody response.

PMID- 3891177
TI  - The use of pressimmune in renal transplantation: a four-year study.
AB  - Over a three year period, 22 diabetic and 87 non-diabetic patients received 120
      cadaver kidney transplants at Dulwich Hospital. Horse antilymphocyte globulin
      (ALG), azathioprine and low-dose intra-muscular methyl prednisolone were used as
      immunosuppressive agents. A control group of 98 non-diabetic patients (113
      transplants) at Guy's Hospital during the same period were treated with a
      standard azathioprine and oral steroid regime. Four main findings emerged:
      Firstly, survival rates for first grafts in the non-diabetic patients were
      similar in both centers. This suggests that neither the ALG or more conventional
      immunosuppressive regime holds any advantage in this patient group. Secondly, the
      first grafts in diabetic patients did significantly worse than similar grafts in
      the non-diabetics. Thirdly, in patients receiving the more conventional regime,
      second grafts did significantly worse than first grafts. Fourthly, and in
      contrast, the ALG regime gave similar survival figures for both first and second
      grafts. Thus, ALG had no apparent advantage over conventional steroid regimes on
      the survival of first grafts but it did produce a marked improvement in the
      outcome of subsequent grafts.

PMID- 3891178
TI  - Comparison of high and low sodium bicarbonate and acetate dialysis in stable
      chronic hemodialysis patients.
AB  - Eight stable center dialysis patients completed four, 10-week study periods in
      which either acetate or bicarbonate dialysis was used, each with high or low
      sodium concentration. During high sodium dialysis, blood pressure was better
      controlled, weight loss more easily tolerated and dialysis was most satisfactory
      from the patient's point-of-view with regard to dialysis-associated symptoms. Low
      sodium dialysis, whether with acetate or bicarbonate, was less satisfactory. In
      contrast to the beneficial effect of an increased sodium concentration, the use
      of bicarbonate instead of acetate appeared to make little difference either to
      the patient's symptoms, to the control of blood pressure or to changes in blood
      gases or biochemistry. Careful choice of dialysate sodium concentration appears
      to be important in lessening dialysis side-effects. Substitution of bicarbonate
      for acetate in chronic stable dialysis patients has comparatively little benefit
      and the choice can legitimately be made on the basis of cost and technical
      considerations.

PMID- 3891179
TI  - The use of captopril to control hypertension in post-transplant renal artery
      stenosis.
AB  - Captopril is a new orally active angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor that is
      useful for the treatment of hypertension. Prior reports have cautioned against
      its use for the control of blood pressure in patients with transplant renal
      artery stenosis since it caused a reversible renal failure. We describe a four
      year old child with radiographically proven transplant renal artery stenosis and
      severe hypertension that was safely managed with long-term administration of
      captopril. This case highlights the continued therapeutic role of this drug in
      the treatment of post-transplant hypertension, provided one carefully monitors
      the renal function in such patients.

PMID- 3891180
TI  - Decreased plasma volume in post-transplant erythrocytosis.
AB  - Five patients, one woman and four men, aged 24 to 54 years, developed abnormally
      high hematocrits between 4 and 22 months after renal transplantation. In four
      patients, red cell mass was above normal and plasma volume below normal. In one
      patient, both red cell mass and plasma volume were below normal. The cause of the
      deranged plasma volume was not evident. Decreased plasma volume may either
      contribute to or may, in rare instances, be the only cause of apparent
      erythrocytosis in renal transplant recipients.

PMID- 3891181
TI  - Disturbances of peripheral and autonomic nervous system in chronic renal failure:
      effects of hemodialysis and transplantation.
AB  - Investigations of peripheral and autonomic nervous system functions were
      performed in 37 healthy persons, 66 patients with chronic renal failure (31
      undialyzed patients, 35 dialyzed patients) and in 18 transplanted patients. The
      study resulted in disturbances of nerve conduction velocity and pallesthesia in
      predialysis and hemodialysis patients. After the transplantation, an amelioration
      of peripheral nerve function was observed. A set of autonomic tests demonstrated
      vagally mediated disorders in the predialysis group. The sympathetic function was
      hardly affected. In dialysis group as well as in transplanted patients a
      significant improvement of parasympathetic dysfunction was observed. We conclude
      that disorders to the autonomic nervous system in chronic renal failure are
      characterized by reversible vagal changes, while disorders of peripheral nervous
      system are resistant to hemodialysis therapy.

PMID- 3891182
TI  - Delayed shotgun pellet migration to the right ventricle.
AB  - Multiple case reports of bullet emboli to the heart have been documented. A
      unique clinical situation is presented of a patient who sustained a shotgun
      injury to the buttock, with retained pellets, who 7 to 10 years later
      demonstrated intravascular migration of one of the pellets to the intracardiac
      position.

PMID- 3891183
TI  - Dr. Helen Brooke Taussig, living legend in cardiology.

PMID- 3891184
TI  - Circumstantiality and child rearing in colonial and early American society.

PMID- 3891185
TI  - Erythromycin for BCG infections.

PMID- 3891186
TI  - Labetalol infusion in hypertensive emergencies.
AB  - The antihypertensive effects of labetalol infusion (2 mg/min; maximal dose 150
      mg) were evaluated in 22 subjects requiring rapid lowering of blood pressure
      because of severe hypertension, a hypertensive crisis after surgery, or before
      angiographic examination. Overall systolic and diastolic blood pressures were
      reduced from 201 +/- 4 to 164 +/- 4 mm Hg and from 123 +/- 3 to 107 +/- 3 mm Hg,
      respectively. By the end of the infusion, diastolic blood pressure in 16 (73%)
      subjects was lowered to less than or equal to 110 mm Hg. No adverse effects were
      encountered, but one subject had a transitory hypotensive episode that did not
      require treatment. Intravenous labetalol appears effective and well tolerated in
      the control of blood pressure in hypertensive emergencies.

PMID- 3891187
TI  - Hemodynamic dose-response effects of flecainide in acute myocardial infarction
      with and without left ventricular decompensation.
AB  - We evaluated the hemodynamic effects of the class I antiarrhythmic flecainide in
      20 patients within 18 hours of an acute myocardial infarction. Equal numbers of
      patients with normal (group 1) or decompensated (group 2) ventricular function
      were studied. Both groups received flecainide, 1 mg/kg, as an intravenous bolus
      over 10 minutes, followed by infusion (1.6 mg/kg/hr) over the next 120 minutes.
      Plasma concentrations increased linearly with the cumulative flecainide dosage in
      both groups. There was no difference between the groups in the plasma levels
      reached, which were within the recognized antiarrhythmic range for flecainide
      (200 to 1000 ng/ml) throughout the infusion. The hemodynamic effects of
      flecainide for each group were decreases in systolic blood pressure (maximum 3%
      fall in group 1 and 8% fall in group 2), cardiac index (9% fall in group 1 and
      18% fall in group 2), stroke volume index (13% fall in group 1 and 23% fall in
      group 2), stroke work index (14% fall in group 1 and 27% fall in group 2), with
      an increased heart rate (8% rise in group 1 and 5% rise in group 2), pulmonary
      artery occluded pressure (27% rise in group 1 and 21% rise in group 2), and
      systemic vascular resistance (11% rise in group 1 and 18% rise in group 2).
      Diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures did not change. Our data demonstrate
      that flecainide induced significant cardiodepression in both groups of patients.
      These effects were not significantly greater in patients with adequately
      controlled heart failure. These data suggest that the mild negative inotropic
      properties of flecainide in patients with recent myocardial infarction are
      comparable to those described for other class I antiarrhythmics.

PMID- 3891188
TI  - Effects of indomethacin and sulindac on hydrochlorothiazide kinetics.
AB  - We investigated the influence of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,
      indomethacin and sulindac, on the diuretic effect and kinetics of
      hydrochlorothiazide in healthy subjects. In an open, randomized, crossover study,
      eight healthy subjects were treated with hydrochlorothiazide, 50 mg a day, for 4
      weeks. In the second and fourth weeks, indomethacin, 25 mg three times a day, or
      sulindac, 200 mg twice a day, were added. Blood pressure, body weight, plasma
      levels of potassium, creatinine, and albumin, the hematocrit, plasma renin
      activity (PRA), and the 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium and potassium were
      measured at the end of each week. Plasma concentrations of hydrochlorothiazide
      and its urinary excretion were also determined 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 10, and 24
      hours after HCTZ dosing. When indomethacin was added to hydrochlorothiazide, body
      weight and plasma potassium levels increased and PRA decreased.
      Hydrochlorothiazide kinetics were not influenced. In contrast, sulindac decreased
      the renal clearance of hydrochlorothiazide and increased hydrochlorothiazide
      plasma levels in two subjects who had somewhat lower endogenous creatinine
      clearance values than the other subjects. Except for a decrease in PRA, there
      were no dynamic interactions. Our results suggest that an interaction between
      indomethacin and hydrochlorothiazide is caused by dynamic mechanisms such as
      inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis, whereas sulindac may alter the renal
      clearance of hydrochlorothiazide.

PMID- 3891189
TI  - Effect of sucralfate and an aluminum hydroxide gel on gastric emptying of solids
      and liquids.
AB  - Our purpose was to investigate whether an aluminum-containing compound
      (sucralfate) and an aluminum-containing antacid (Amphojel; Wyeth Laboratories),
      both of which are commonly used in peptic ulcer disease, affect gastric emptying.
      Gastric emptying was studied in ten healthy subjects with the double isotope
      technique to assess simultaneous emptying rates of the solid and liquid
      components of a meal. 99mTechnetium sulfur colloid-labeled chicken liver served
      as the solid component and 111indium diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid-labeled
      water was the liquid component. In a randomized, double-blind fashion, 1 gm
      sucralfate and 30 ml aluminum hydroxide gel were compared with placebo on
      separate days. Subjects ate the isotope-labeled test meal after dosing, and
      gastric emptying was monitored for 3 hours by a gamma-camera interfaced with a
      computer. There was no significant change in gastric emptying of either solids or
      liquids after sucralfate. The aluminum hydroxide gel slowed the gastric emptying
      rate for solids more than did the placebo, but this difference was significant
      only at the intervals of 165 and 180 minutes after the meal. We conclude that
      aluminum in the form of therapeutic doses of sucralfate does not delay gastric
      emptying of solids or liquids in normal subjects, while the larger amount of
      aluminum in therapeutic doses of the antacid gel has some slowing effect on
      gastric emptying of the solid components of a meal.

PMID- 3891190
TI  - Cimetidine inhibition of ethmozine metabolism.
AB  - Ethmozine, a phenothiazine antiarrhythmic, is effective in atrial and ventricular
      arrhythmias. Because of the extensive hepatic metabolism of ethmozine, we
      investigated the effects of the potent hepatic enzyme inhibitor cimetidine on the
      kinetics and dynamics of ethmozine. Eight healthy men 22 to 40 years old (means =
      27.6 years) received a single, oral, 500 mg dose of ethmozine. Ethmozine dosing
      was repeated 15 days later after cimetidine, 300 mg four times a day for 7 days.
      Plasma samples were drawn over the next 24 hours for measurement of ethmozine.
      ECGs were obtained 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after each dose. After cimetidine,
      ethmozine clearance fell from 38.2 +/- 10.7 to 19.7 +/- 4.2 ml/kg/min and the
      t1/2 increased from 3.3 +/- 1.3 to 4.6 +/- 1.6 hours. Ethmozine prolonged the PR
      and QRS intervals, but there was no detectable further increase after cimetidine.
      Heart rate and blood pressure were not altered by ethmozine either alone or in
      the combination. We conclude that cimetidine increases plasma concentrations of
      ethmozine but did not induce any detectable further increase in the PR or QRS
      intervals.

PMID- 3891191
TI  - Hypnotic efficacy of a modified triazolodiazepine, brotizolam.
AB  - Fifty-nine outpatients with insomnia were treated in a 3-week study to assess the
      safety and efficacy of a new triazolothienodiazepine with a short t1/2,
      brotizolam. Therapy was initiated with 0.25 mg at night, but by the end of the
      study all subjects who were receiving brotizolam were taking 0.50 mg. Results
      indicate brotizolam efficacy as measured by daily subject and weekly physician
      questionnaires in essentially all sleep parameters, including global subject and
      physician evaluation of treatment efficacy, sleep latency and sleep maintenance,
      and quality of sleep. Tolerance to the hypnotic action of brotizolam was not
      observed after 21 days of daily dosing.

PMID- 3891192
TI  - Reassessment of verbal and visual analog ratings in analgesic studies.
AB  - The relative performance of three analgesic rating scales--visual pain analog,
      verbal pain intensity, and verbal pain relief--was assessed in clinical trials
      with 1,497 patients and a variety of pain models. The scales correlated strongly
      with one another, with inconsistent and generally minimal differences in
      sensitivity. Overall, the verbal relief scale tended to be slightly more
      sensitive than the pain analog rating, which in turn showed a small advantage
      over the verbal pain intensity assessment. When the scores derived from the
      categorized ratings 1 hour after drug dosing (generally the time of peak effect)
      were analyzed, there was little difference whether a parametric or nonparametric
      approach was taken. When the cumulative measures of overall effect over 6 hours
      were considered, however, the nonparametric approach was decidedly more powerful.
      There was a similar pattern when the analog scores were analyzed. This
      unanticipated finding appears to be due to the cumulative measures (from all
      three scales) being more skewed toward the lower end of their respective ranges
      than are the 1-hour scores. A composite efficacy variable was defined,
      incorporating data from the three primary scales; this measure was found to be
      generally comparable in sensitivity to the individual scales and may be useful as
      a global summary of response. While our investigation provides evidence that any
      of the ratings considered will accurately reflect analgesic response, the verbal
      relief scale was the most sensitive and might be the best choice if a single
      measure is desired.

PMID- 3891193
TI  - The discipline of clinical pharmacology.

PMID- 3891194
TI  - Endoscopic evaluation of slow-release potassium chloride preparations.
AB  - In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 30 healthy
      subjects took one of two potassium chloride preparations or placebo three times a
      day for 1 week with concomitant oral glycopyrrolate dosing. The upper digestive
      tract was endoscopically examined immediately before and after the treatment
      period. One subject in both of the KCl treatment groups and six subjects in the
      placebo group developed submucosal lesions. All lesions were minor and of limited
      clinical significance. There may be reason to believe that glycopyrrolate plays a
      role in the production of such lesions. If so, the concomitant use of
      glycopyrrolate in clinical trials of KCl preparations may cloud the results of
      such studies.

PMID- 3891195
TI  - Electrophysiological basis for antiarrhythmic drug action.
AB  - Arrhythmias result from abnormalities of impulse initiation or impulse conduction
      or a combination of both. Abnormal impulse initiation results from either
      automaticity or triggered activity. Automaticity can further be subdivided into
      (1) automaticity caused by the normal automatic mechanism (a normal property of
      cardiac cells in the sinus node, in some parts of the atria, in the
      atrioventricular junctional region, and in the His-Purkinje system) and (2)
      automaticity caused by an abnormal mechanism (resulting from a decrease in
      membrane potential of cardiac fibers, which normally have a high level of
      membrane potential). Triggered activity is caused by afterdepolarizations, which
      are second depolarizations that occur either during repolarization (referred to
      as early afterdepolarizations) or after repolarization is complete or nearly
      complete (referred to as delayed afterdepolarizations). Abnormal impulse
      conduction results in reentrant excitation. Usually a combination of slowed
      conduction and unidirectional conduction block provides the conditions necessary
      for reentry to occur.

PMID- 3891196
TI  - Pathogenesis of acute and chronic lung injury induced by foreign compounds.
AB  - The lung may become damaged by both airborne or bloodborne agents. Mechanisms
      implicated in the pathogenesis of lung injury include formation of highly
      reactive metabolites formed by pulmonary mixed function oxidases or formation of
      free oxygen radicals. Acute and chronic damage can be evaluated by several
      methods, such as histology and quantitative morphometry, non-invasive and non
      destructive respiratory function tests, and with biochemical techniques that
      include measuring lavage enzyme levels or quantitating the presence of
      macromolecules such as collagen. In addition, cell kinetics provide an additional
      method to explore events following lung damage.

PMID- 3891197
TI  - Biochemistry, physiology and drug metabolism--implications regarding the role of
      the lungs in drug disposition.
AB  - Blood flow and its distribution may influence the functioning of drug
      metabolizing enzymes in vivo, and also determine the degree to which various
      organs participate in the metabolic clearance of agents from the body.
      'Physiological' pharmacokinetic modeling suggests that in some situations the
      lung, because of its greater blood flow, may have a significant role in metabolic
      drug clearance in vivo, despite its low content of drug-metabolizing enzymes
      relative to the liver. For example, rat liver has much greater microsomal
      benzo[a]pyrene (BP) hydroxylase (AHH) activity than lung, both in control rats
      and in rats pretreated with the enzyme inducer, 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC).
      However, studies using AHH enzyme kinetics, as well as studies in isolated
      perfused organs and in vivo, indicate that the lungs' contribution to total body
      metabolic clearance of BP is substantial despite the lungs' relatively low AHH
      activity compared to liver. Studies with 5-hydroxytryptamine similarly indicate
      that the lung is important in the metabolic disposition of this amine. These
      results emphasize that the role of an organ in metabolic drug disposition in vivo
      cannot be predicted directly from enzyme activity in that organ. By accounting
      for both biochemical and physiological influences, useful predictions regarding
      drug disposition may be made for normal and diseased individuals.

PMID- 3891198
TI  - Chemical carcinogenesis: an overview.
AB  - A brief review is presented of some types of chemical carcinogens and their
      metabolic activation to DNA-binding intermediates, and of the influence of
      modifiers of carcinogenesis on the probability of tumor development. The
      relationship between human exposure to one group of carcinogens--the tobacco
      specific nitrosamines--and the development of tobacco-related cancers is
      discussed.

PMID- 3891199
TI  - Correlation plasma levels, NSAID and therapeutic response.
AB  - A regular control of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) plasma levels
      may be useful to avoid undesirable side-effects to monitor therapeutic progress
      to see if patients are complying with their prescription. Trying to establish a
      relationship between the plasma concentration of a drug and its clinical effects
      requires a few prerequisites which may or may not be fulfilled according to the
      NSAID (e.g. a drug acting by itself, a reversible action, no tolerance to the
      drug, a highly specific and sensitive enough analytical method of the drug,
      similar free drug concentrations in the plasma and at the receptor sites,...),
      the most important of them-which is also probably the most difficult to fulfil in
      the case of rheumatic diseases-being that the clinical effect of the drug must be
      easily measured. In fact, the evidence for a good correlation between clinical
      effects and drug plasma levels are very scarce in the field of NSAID. The best
      correlation was obtained with salicylates for which ranges of plasma
      concentrations needed for observing therapeutic effects in rheumatoid arthritis
      as well as in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis have been established. Similar
      correlations have been made for side effects such as tinnitus or headaches as
      well as for toxic manifestations of salicylism. However, many individual
      variations have been described and there is considerable overlap between
      therapeutic and toxic concentrations. According to different authors there are or
      there are no correlations between phenylbutazone plasma levels and either is
      therapeutic or its side-effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3891200
TI  - Pathophysiology and treatment of deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
AB  - The pathophysiology of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) is
      briefly discussed, and the efficacy, dosage and administration, laboratory
      monitoring, and adverse effects of thrombolytic agents, heparin, and warfarin are
      reviewed. Acute therapy of DVT and PE is usually initiated with intravenous
      heparin; however, thrombolytic agents such as streptokinase and urokinase may be
      preferred in patients with massive PE or severe DVT when clot lysis rather than
      clot stabilization is deemed necessary. For DVT or PE, an intravenous loading
      dose of streptokinase or urokinase is given, followed by a continuous infusion of
      the drug. Therapy with streptokinase is continued for 24 hours in patients with
      PE and for 72 hours in those with DVT; urokinase is continued for 12 hours in
      patients with PE. Monitoring of blood coagulation tests during thrombolytic
      therapy is recommended primarily for ensuring that a lytic state is achieved.
      Intravenous heparin is preferred for acute treatment of DVT or PE; controversy
      exists regarding whether administration by continuous infusion or intermittent
      bolus injection is superior. Heparin dosage is usually adjusted to maintain the
      activated partial-thromboplastin time (APTT) ratio between 1.5 and 2.5; however,
      the ideal therapeutic range has never been firmly established. After acute
      treatment with heparin, most patients should continue to receive either warfarin
      or subcutaneous heparin for several months to prevent recurrent thromboembolism.
      Bleeding is the major adverse effect of thrombolytic agents and anticoagulants.
      The risk of bleeding with heparin and warfarin therapy increases with excessive
      prolongation of the APTT and prothrombin time (PT), respectively. Future clinical
      trials should further define the role of thrombolytic agents in the treatment of
      DVT and PE and the efficacy of less-intense warfarin therapy for pulmonary
      embolism or arterial thromboembolic events.

PMID- 3891201
TI  - Management of bronchiolitis.
AB  - The incidence, etiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment,
      prognosis, and prevention of bronchiolitis are discussed with a critical
      evaluation of the available studies on various therapeutic approaches.
      Bronchiolitis is a lower respiratory-tract viral infection that affects 6-10% of
      all children below two years of age. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the
      usual pathogen. The symptoms range from mild wheezing to severe respiratory
      distress. An infected child usually has a fever, a rapid pulse, an increased
      breathing rate, and difficulty in breathing. Because most of the infants
      hospitalized with bronchiolitis have hypoxemia, the administration of oxygen is
      the mainstay of therapy. Correct fluid therapy is essential to avoid dehydration
      and overhydration. Limited data are available on the use of drugs in the
      management of bronchiolitis. Although a variety of adrenergic drugs,
      theophylline, and corticosteroids are used, sound efficacy data are lacking, and
      most studies have documented a lack of therapeutic benefits. One study reported
      that the combined use of corticosteroids and albuterol may be beneficial in
      severely ill patients. Recent studies have shown that the continuous
      administration of ribavirin may decrease viral shedding. Antibiotics are not
      indicated unless a secondary bacterial infection is present. Oxygen and fluid
      therapy have a clear role in the management of patients with bronchiolitis;
      however, no specific guidelines are available for the use of drugs in the
      treatment of these patients.

PMID- 3891202
TI  - Management of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis.
AB  - The diagnosis, etiology, epidemiology, and drug therapy of antibiotic-associated
      pseudomembranous colitis (AAPMC) are reviewed. AAPMC is an uncommon but
      potentially serious adverse reaction to therapy with almost any oral or
      injectable antibiotic and certain antineoplastic agents that alter intestinal
      flora. Proliferation of Clostridium difficile and subsequent release of
      clostridial cytotoxins cause pseudomembranous lesions and symptoms such as watery
      diarrhea, cramping abdominal pain, and low-grade fever. Symptoms can appear from
      four days after the start of antibiotic or antineoplastic therapy to 10 weeks
      after therapy has been discontinued. Drug therapy of AAPMC is directed at
      reducing the amount of Cl. difficile in the colon and promoting normalization of
      intestinal flora. Mild cases of AAPMC may respond to discontinuation of the
      etiologic agent and replacement of fluid and electrolytes. Therapy with an
      anticlostridial antibiotic is indicated in severe cases; although a seven- to 10
      day course of oral vancomycin hydrochloride is the most widely recognized
      therapy, the drug is expensive and unpalatable. Good results have been reported
      with oral metronidazole and with bacitracin, both of which are less expensive
      than vancomycin. For all of these therapies, relapse rates are 20-39%. Anion
      exchange resins may be useful in mild cases of AAPMC. Successful management of
      AAPMC depends on a complex and ill-defined interrelationship between normal
      intestinal flora, patient immune response, antibiotic therapy, and the infecting
      clostridium strain. For moderate or severe cases of AAPMC, therapy should begin
      with metronidazole or bacitracin and vancomycin should be reserved for refractory
      cases, relapses, or patients with allergies to the other agents.

PMID- 3891203
TI  - Twice-daily moxalactam versus gentamicin and clindamycin in patients with
      penetrating abdominal trauma.
AB  - The effectiveness and total costs of moxalactam administered every 12 hours
      versus a combination of gentamicin and clindamycin for prophylactic use in
      patients with penetrating abdominal trauma were compared. Fifty patients
      scheduled for laparotomy after penetrating abdominal wounds were randomly
      assigned to receive either clindamycin phosphate 600 mg every six hours with
      gentamicin (as the sulfate salt) 3-5 mg/kg/day in three divided doses or
      moxalactam disodium 2 g every 12 hours. Therapy was begun preoperatively and
      continued for a minimum of three days in patients without hollow-organ injury and
      five days in patients with hollow-organ injury; total duration of therapy could
      not exceed four weeks. Patients receiving moxalactam also received phytonadione
      10 mg intramuscularly once a week. Although wound cultures from several patients
      were positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and
      enterococci, no symptomatic infections developed. No direct toxic effects of
      moxalactam or gentamicin-clindamycin were seen; transient abnormalities in blood
      coagulation tests or serum creatinine concentration occurred in several patients.
      Although mean drug costs per patient for moxalactam and gentamicin-clindamycin
      were similar, the mean cost of therapy per patient was $125.23 higher for the
      combination regimen than for moxalactam when laboratory, personnel-time, and
      supply costs were added to drug costs. Moxalactam given every 12 hours was a safe
      and effective alternative to the combination of gentamicin and clindamycin for
      preventive use in the study patients with penetrating abdominal trauma.

PMID- 3891204
TI  - Acute polymyalgia in severely neutropenic patients with E. coli septicaemia after
      high-dose steroid therapy--a discrete syndrome?

PMID- 3891205
TI  - Prospective evaluation of the accuracy of duplex scanning with spectral analysis
      in carotid artery disease.
AB  - Prospective evaluation of duplex scanning of the carotid vessels was performed
      over a 2-year period in 125 consecutive patients (249 vessels) with transient
      ischaemic attacks or minor stroke. Defining disease as a stenosis of greater than
      15% reduction of the vessel diameter, with subgroups of 16-49% stenosis, 50-99%
      stenosis and occlusion, the sensitivity obtained was 96%, specificity 93% and
      accuracy 94%. With the use of linear multiregression analyses further subgrouping
      into 50-75% and 76-99% stenosis was performed. The best predictive variables
      were, in decreasing order, peak systolic velocity, late diastolic velocity and
      the difference between peak systolic and late diastolic velocity in the internal
      carotid artery. The additional periorbital Doppler examination caused a slight
      improvement in determination coefficient and diagnostic accuracy.

PMID- 3891206
TI  - Duplex scanning and periorbital pulsed Doppler in the diagnosis of external
      carotid artery disease: analysis of causes of error.
AB  - The external carotid arteries (ECA) were examined by duplex scanning in 123
      consecutive patients with transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) and minor stroke. Two
      occlusions and five out of six high grade stenosis were correctly classified,
      yielding a sensitivity of 88% defining disease as stenosis greater than 50.
      Specificity was 94% and accuracy was 93%. Nine low grade stenosis (less than 50%)
      and six normal vessels were judged as high grade stenosis. A possible cause of
      this overestimation was a compensatory flow increase in the ECA caused by an
      occlusion or high grade stenosis in the internal carotid arteries (ICA), either
      on the same side or bilaterally. This was supported by the finding of a
      significantly (P less than 0.05) higher retrograde flow velocity in the
      ipsilateral supratrochlear arteries (STA) in patients with high ECA flow
      velocity, as compared to those with normal ECA flow. Thus in the evaluation of a
      possible ECA stenosis, the condition of the ICA should be considered in order to
      avoid overestimation of ECA lesions. The additional examination of flow direction
      and velocity in STA gives an indication as to whether or not an ECA stenosis
      might be present.

PMID- 3891207
TI  - Benign and malignant pleural mesothelioma.
AB  - Malignant mesotheliomas have assumed an importance in the medical and lay
      literature out of proportion to their incidence in the American population,
      chiefly due to the known association of pleural mesothelioma with asbestos
      exposure. Data from the Connecticut tumor registry suggest that this tumor is
      increasing in incidence. Based on exposures between 1940 and approximately 1970,
      when industrial precautions were first instituted, epidemiologists estimate that
      the number of new cases of mesothelioma will peak sometime in the 1990s and that
      mesothelioma will thereafter become less common. These models generally assume
      that asbestos exposures after 1970 will be insignificant. While industrial levels
      that are legal today will almost certainly prevent the development of severe
      asbestosis in most workers, unfortunately a threshold of exposure below which
      there is no risk of mesothelioma has not been documented. Asbestos continues to
      be used in floor and ceiling tiles, in automobile brake linings, and in a variety
      of other products. At the present time, construction workers who maintain or
      remove asbestos constitute one of a number of groups with continued exposure. The
      diagnosis of a malignant pleural mesothelioma is not difficult provided that the
      physicians caring for such a patient consider mesothelioma in the differential
      diagnosis. Patients present with chest pain or shortness of breath, or both, and
      the initial chest x-ray film most often reveals a large unilateral pleural
      effusion. The tumor characteristically remains localized until late in its
      course, and thus extensive workup at the time of diagnosis is seldom required.
      Generally, a large piece of tissue obtained via an open biopsy is required for
      adequate histologic diagnosis. Investigational approaches include taking numerous
      needle biopsies with samples sent for electron microscopy as well as for
      immunoperoxidase staining for keratin and CEA. The treatment of this disease
      remains unsatisfactory. Occasional patients have remained disease-free for
      periods in excess of 5 years after intensive treatment, however. The conclusion
      that mesothelioma is untreatable is clearly untenable since palliation and a
      response rate of 30 per cent to various chemotherapeutic regimens have been
      reported by a number of investigators. While many authors have advocated
      supportive care alone because "current treatments have not demonstrated increased
      survival," we believe patients with mesothelioma should be offered
      investigational therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3891208
TI  - Radiology of the pleura.
AB  - Radiologic imaging of the pleura has undergone dramatic changes in the past 5
      years. This can be primarily attributed to the availability and better
      understanding of computed tomography and, to a lesser extent, ultrasonography.
      When used in the proper clinical-radiologic environment, abnormalities of the
      pleural space can be quickly identified, localized, and often diagnosed in a
      rapid efficient manner.

PMID- 3891209
TI  - Anatomy and physiology of the pleural space.
AB  - The early development of a coelom, a primitive body cavity, with stretchable
      mesothelial cells endows the subsequently developed internal organs a great
      flexibility to expand, retract, and deform. In the pleural cavity, in addition,
      the lung is maintained in an inflated state by the mechanical coupling between
      the chest wall and the lung; the mesothelial cells with bush-like elongated
      microvilli enmesh hyaluronic acid-rich lubricants; both minimize the work of
      breathing. Normal mesothelial cells are fragile in the air, and their
      intercellular junctions are narrow but labile. The activated mesothelial cells,
      on the other hand, are resilient and rich in organelles and enzymes to partake in
      functions such as fibrinolysis, in order to maintain the patency of the pleural
      cavity. Fluid and electrolytes permeate freely between normal mesothelial cells;
      the fluid moves in and out of the pleural cavity following Starling's law, with
      the endothelium as the main barrier. Transudates in the pleural cavity are formed
      from alterations of the hydrostatic-osmotic pressure relationship, which normally
      keeps the pleural cavity dry. More than one factor is usually involved in the
      formation of exudates. Proteins, particles, and cells in the pleural exudates are
      removed mainly from the preformed stomas and the lymphatic lacuna present in the
      lower mediastinum and also in the subcostal region and portions of the diaphragm.
      This removal of the pleural fluid and particles by the lymphatic route is
      enhanced by the respiratory movements and is partly responsible for the
      topographic differences of the pleural pressure. Kampmeier's foci found in the
      location of the stomas are conglomerates of activated mesothelial and
      lymphoreticular cells with central capillary and lymphatic vessels. They act like
      tonsils to impede direct entry of undesirable materials from the pleural cavity
      into the chest wall and mediastinum.

PMID- 3891210
TI  - Immunologic diseases of the pleura.
AB  - This heterogeneous group of immunologic causes of pleural effusions includes
      connective tissue diseases, a syndrome related to tissue injury (postcardiac
      injury syndrome), a disease of unknown etiology (sarcoidosis), a malignancy, and
      adverse reactions to drugs. Except in rheumatoid pleurisy and lupus pleuritis,
      the pleural fluid findings are either nonspecific or have not been characterized
      fully. The clinical presentation is essential in the presumptive diagnosis of
      these causes of pleural effusions.

PMID- 3891211
TI  - Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn.

PMID- 3891212
TI  - Glycolipid components of epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - Glycosphingolipids were isolated from a lipid extract of epimastigote forms of
      Trypanosoma cruzi via Florisil and silicic acid column chromatography. The
      carbohydrate components of neutral glycolipid consisted of mannose and galactose
      in a ratio of 1:2. The fatty acids of the glycolipid were analyzed by gas liquid
      chromatography-mass spectrometry (g.l.c.-m.s.). Normal and 2-hydroxy fatty acids
      were found. The sphingosine bases were C18 dihydrosphingosine and 17-methyl
      sphingosine.

PMID- 3891213
TI  - Comparative studies on thymidylate synthetase from P. berghei and mouse
      reticulocytes.
AB  - Partially purified thymidylate synthetase from Plasmodium berghei and mouse
      reticulocytes was characterized. The mol. wt of the enzyme from P. berghei was
      about twice that from mouse reticulocytes. The optimum pH of the enzyme from P.
      berghei was found to be 6.5-7.5 while that from the host was 7.0-8.0. The enzyme
      from P. berghei was more susceptible to pH denaturation than the enzyme from
      reticulocytes. The enzyme from both sources differed in their Km values for
      substrates. The enzyme from reticulocytes was less sensitive to inhibition by
      substrate analogs than that from P. berghei.

PMID- 3891214
TI  - Stereological parameters from the analysis of the cell micrographs either by
      manual point-counting methods or by using a semi-automatic system: a BASIC
      program for ZX-Spectrum personal computer.
AB  - A BASIC program is presented which calculates stereological parameters from the
      data obtained by the analysis of cell micrographs, either by manual point
      counting or semi-automatic analysis methods.

PMID- 3891215
TI  - A microcomputer-based quantitative morphometric analysis system for computing
      areas of amorphous patches.
AB  - A method for analysis of irregular areas has been developed for use with
      histological sections. The analysis is performed utilizing a digitizing tablet
      and a microcomputer. The advantages of this system are a specialized form of
      output suited to the analysis of mosaic tissues, disk storage of all data,
      plotter output for verification, and an inexpensive hardware environment. The
      program results of determinations of liver patch size in a novel chimeric rat
      system are described.

PMID- 3891216
TI  - Intraarterial digital subtraction angiography vs conventional angiography of
      abdominal diseases.
AB  - Seventy-five patients with various abdominal diseases were studied by
      intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (IA DSA) during conventional
      abdominal angiographic examinations. The image quality, tumor stain, and arterial
      encasements were evaluated and diameters of vessels visualized by IA DSA were
      measured. The vessels greater than 2.0 mm or more in diameter were equally well
      demonstrated on IA DSA. IA DSA demonstrated tumor stains and portal system to
      good advantage. Real time imaging was also advantageous during an embolization
      procedure.

PMID- 3891217
TI  - Demonstration of innominate artery aneurysm by magnetic resonance/imaging.
AB  - Solitary innominate artery aneurysms are very rare in the pediatric age group.
      They may be seen in association with multiple aneurysms or occasionally in
      patients with connective tissue disease. Magnetic resonance appears to be a very
      useful noninvasive technique capable of demonstrating flowing blood and vascular
      lumen without injection of contrast media.

PMID- 3891218
TI  - [On Florence Nightingale's "Notes on saving of the poor": a discussion].

PMID- 3891220
TI  - Medicare assignment: recent trends and participation rates. AMA Center for Health
      Policy Research.

PMID- 3891219
TI  - The origins of anesthesia. Part IV.

PMID- 3891221
TI  - Dietary and pharmacologic therapy of the lipid risk factors. AMA Council on
      Scientific Affairs.

PMID- 3891222
TI  - An army nurse (World War II). Part I. Indoctrination.

PMID- 3891223
TI  - Clinical tolerance test of a new polysulfone membrane.

PMID- 3891224
TI  - Investigation of the permeability of highly permeable polysulfone membranes for
      pyrogens.

PMID- 3891225
TI  - Optimising of hemodiafiltration with modern membranes?

PMID- 3891226
TI  - Perusing the literature. Methods of accessing MEDLINE and related databases.

PMID- 3891227
TI  - Enhancement of visit adherence in the national beta-blocker heart attack trial.
AB  - Efforts were made in the Beta Blocker Heart Trial (BHAT), a double-blind study of
      3837 post-MI patients, to enhance visit adherence, a measure of compliance that
      is not subjective and can be easily monitored. Of the required visits, 93.9% were
      completed in the window, 3.9% of the patients were classified as dropouts and 12
      persons were lost to follow-up. Methods used to enhance compliance varied with
      circumstances but included appointment reminders, assistance with transportation,
      minimal waiting times, newsletters, continuity of care, involvement of family
      members, and close contact with private physicians. Comparisons of the BHAT visit
      adherence rates to those from other clinical trials are difficult to make because
      there are few reports in the literature regarding follow-up in large multicenter
      clinical trials. However, data obtained through personal communications, as well
      as published reports, indicate that adherence in primary prevention trials was
      generally less than that of secondary prevention trials. Adherence rates in the
      BHAT tended to be slightly higher than those of comparable trials.

PMID- 3891228
TI  - The role of analytical techniques in the diagnosis of asbestos-associated
      disease.
AB  - There is increasing concern over the adverse health effects resulting from
      asbestos exposure. The mineralogy of asbestos and the pathology of asbestos
      associated diseases is briefly reviewed. Techniques for tissue sampling,
      histopathological diagnostic criteria and the role of light microscopy (LM),
      scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM),
      selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD)--in the
      identification and quantitation of asbestos bodies and fibers in the lung tissue
      samples--are discussed. The value of a systematic quantitative approach is
      emphasized in order to differentiate the dose relationships and disease patterns.

PMID- 3891229
TI  - Trace elements in human body fluids and tissues.
AB  - Published figures for trace element concentrations in body fluids and tissues of
      apparently healthy subjects are widely divergent. For a considerable time, the
      apparent disparities were readily ascribed to biological sources of variation
      such as age, sex, dietary habits, physiological conditions, environmental
      exposure, geographical circumstances, or similar influences. Growing evidence,
      however, suggests that this interpretation may be seriously questioned in
      numerous instances. First, values obtained in reference materials leave no doubt
      that some previous studies must have been subject to gross analytical
      inaccuracies. Second, it has now been thoroughly documented that inadequate
      sample collection and manipulation may drastically distort the intrinsic trace
      element content of biological matrices. This review scrutinizes data reported by
      a number of investigators. In an effort to settle the currently flourishing
      confusion, critically selected reference values are set forth for trace element
      levels in human blood plasma or serum, packed blood cells, urine, lung, liver,
      kidney, and skeletal muscle tissue.

PMID- 3891230
TI  - Use of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) in human septic shock.
AB  - Fifteen patients with septic shock and perfusion failure received a 20-min
      infusion of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK, glucose 50%, 1 g/kg body weight;
      insulin 1.5 U/kg, potassium, 10 mMol) after volume loading and vasoactive
      medication had failed to eliminate hypotension and lactacidemia. Hemodynamic and
      oxygen measurements were obtained before, immediately and 30 min after GIK
      infusion. GIK improved hemodynamic status, at least temporarily, in 14 of 15
      patients. Cardiac index (CI) increased simultaneously with an increase in cardiac
      filling pressure. Systemic vascular resistance decreased, particularly in
      patients with an initially low CI (less than 4 L/min X m2). Mean arterial and
      pulmonary artery pressures did not change. After 30 min, cardiac filling pressure
      fell while CI was still elevated, but this decrease was only significant for
      those with an initially low CI. Although arterial oxygen content decreased after
      GIK, oxygen consumption did not fall. Serum lactate increased. Six patients died
      because of ongoing sepsis. Nine patients survived at least 48 h, showing further
      clinical improvement. Only four patients were hospital survivors. Because GIK
      increased cardiac output and possibly oxygen consumption, its administration may
      be considered in the treatment of septic shock when conventional therapy fails.

PMID- 3891231
TI  - Prevention of gastric inflation during mask ventilation in newborn infants.
AB  - Ten premature infants who had recovered from the respiratory distress syndrome
      were subjected to cricoid compression during mask ventilation. Each infant was
      ventilated with an AMBU face mask for 3 min with the nasogastric (NG) tube,
      without the NG tube, and without the NG tube but applying cricoid pressure during
      ventilation. The results of the study indicated that, similar to insertion of an
      NG tube, cricoid compression can prevent gastric inflation during mask
      ventilation.

PMID- 3891232
TI  - Fellowship programs in critical care medicine: 1985-1986.

PMID- 3891233
TI  - Complications of radiation therapy.
AB  - The skeletal effects of radiation are dependent upon many variables, but the
      pathologic features are consistent. Radiation may cause immediate or delayed cell
      death, cellular injury with recovery, arrest of cellular division, or abnormal
      repair with neoplasia. Radiation necrosis and radiation-induced neoplasm still
      occur despite the use of supervoltage therapy. Complications of radiotherapy are
      well known and have led to more judicious use of this therapeutic modality. With
      few exceptions, benign bone tumors are no longer treated with irradiation.
      Radiation necrosis may be difficult to differentiate from sarcoma arising in
      irradiated bone. They both occur within the field of irradiation. Radiation
      necrosis often has a long latent period which is, of course, the rule in
      radiation-induced neoplasia. A soft tissue mass favors the diagnosis of
      neoplasia, while its absence suggests radiation necrosis. Lack of pain favors
      necrosis. Calcification may occur in radiation necrosis and does not indicate
      neoplasia. A lack of progression on serial roentgenograms also favors radiation
      necrosis.

PMID- 3891234
TI  - Surgical fusion of the posttraumatic spine: a radiologic assessment.
AB  - Radiological assessment of surgical fusion of fractures and dislocations of the
      cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine are an integral part of management of spinal
      cord injury patients. A meaningful assessment of such fusions can be done
      properly only when there is adequate knowledge of the types of surgical fusions,
      the biological material used, and metallic devices applied. Early surgical
      reduction and internal fixation of the traumatized spine facilitate rapid
      restoration of spinal alignment, make nursing care less difficult, and sometimes
      lead toward improvement of neurological function. Complications can occur in all
      types of surgical fusions. They can affect the fusion material, the metallic
      device, or the alignment of the spine. Most of those complications are
      radiologically detected.

PMID- 3891235
TI  - Cancer data systems.

PMID- 3891236
TI  - Cystic fibrosis: Part 1.

PMID- 3891237
TI  - Current status of the diagnosis of breast cancer.

PMID- 3891238
TI  - The spectrum of spinal stenosis.

PMID- 3891239
TI  - Amcinonide vs. betamethasone dipropionate ointments in the treatment of
      psoriasis.
AB  - A randomized, double-blind study compared the efficacy and safety of amcinonide
      and betamethasone dipropionate ointments, applied twice daily for two weeks, in
      the treatment of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. Thirty-four patients
      were enrolled; thirty patients had had psoriasis for more than one year, and in
      the majority of patients, it was stable or slowly exacerbating. Significant
      improvement from baseline was observed with both ointments at weeks 1 and 2. The
      two drugs showed comparable cosmetic acceptability. Adverse cutaneous symptoms
      experienced were burning (both groups), itching (amcinonide), and stinging (beta
      methasone); no serious adverse effects were reported.

PMID- 3891240
TI  - Purified colicin as cytotoxic agent of neoplasia: comparative study with crude
      colicin.
AB  - Purification of a bacteriocin, colicin, from Escherichia coli HSC10, is
      described. A 1,800 fold purified colicin was obtained and found to be an acidic
      polypeptide with a molecular weight of 82,000 daltons. The effect of colicin on
      bacterial and mammalian cells during the transition from a crude to a pure
      preparation is given. A turbidimetric assay for bacterial growth inhibition and
      3H-thymidine uptake inhibition for measuring the effect on mammalian cells, was
      used. Colicin HSC10 caused DNA loss from the bacteriocin-sensitive mammalian
      cells, which increased with dose and time of exposure. Therefore, flow-cytometry,
      which detects DNA loss from the bacteriocin-affected mammalian cells, was also
      used to evaluate the bacteriocin potency. Similar quantitative results were
      obtained to those using 3H-thymidine uptake inhibition, in terms of microgram
      protein of pure colicin required to affect adversely 50% of the cells. The
      bacteriocins were found to retain their activity following freezing and thawing,
      both as crude and pure preparations, against both bacterial and mammalian cells.

PMID- 3891241
TI  - On the decrease of glucose tolerance in pregnancy: studies of gastro-entero
      pancreatic hormones and cortisol.

PMID- 3891242
TI  - Antigen-induced enhancement of bronchial reactivity.
AB  - Bronchial hyperreactivity as determined by the airway response to methacholine
      was evaluated pre- and post-antigen challenge in three patients with specific
      antigen sensitivity. No significant change in pulmonary function was noticed
      after inhalation of antigen alone. However, transient but significant increase in
      methacholine responsiveness followed the antigen challenge. The studies indicate
      a need for a nonspecific inhalation challenge following a negative antigen
      challenge when clinically indicated.

PMID- 3891243
TI  - Barotrauma and hypotension resulting from jet ventilation in critically ill
      patients.
AB  - We present the first reports of pneumoperitoneum secondary to jet ventilation,
      barotrauma secondary to jet ventilation through the suction port of a fiberoptic
      laryngoscope, and hypotension due to jet ventilation via nasotracheal and
      orotracheal catheters. We suggest that minimizing airway pressure and using jet
      catheters with side holes may help decrease the risk of such complications. We
      cannot, at present, recommend the use of hand-held jet ventilators unless both
      adequate exhalation space is guaranteed and direct impingement of the catheter's
      tip on the mucosal surface is avoided.

PMID- 3891244
TI  - [Ileoanal anastomosis in ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 3891245
TI  - [18 years' experience with continent ileostomy].

PMID- 3891246
TI  - [Titanium-coated hollow screw and reconstruction plate system for the bridging of
      jaw defects. II. Possible reconstruction variants with the THRP system].
AB  - The advantages and special features of the THRP-system enabled us to develop new
      operative techniques. The combination of the advantages of external fixation
      devices and those of the internal osteosynthesis has proved to be decisive in
      order to obtain good results. The clinical results in 30 patients confirm the
      recently published findings from animal studies. Histological examination of
      human specimens comparing 2 types of screws developed by us are discussed.

PMID- 3891247
TI  - [Bacterial colonization study of asymptomatic parturients and their neonates].

PMID- 3891248
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to lampbrush chromosome antigens of Pleurodeles waltlii.
AB  - Germinal vesicles of oocytes from Pleurodeles waltlii were used for immunization
      of BALB/c mice to obtain hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies. The
      hybridomas were screened for reactivity of their antibodies against lampbrush
      chromosomes of oocytes, as revealed by indirect immunostaining. Antibodies
      labelling the lampbrush chromosomes were also tested on histological sections of
      oocytes, embryos, and larvae of Pleurodeles. Characterization of the antigens was
      accomplished through immunoblotting of two-dimensional electrophoretic gels of
      germinal vesicle proteins. The ten monoclonal antibodies giving a positive
      reaction were classed into five groups. Group 1, exemplified by antibody A33,
      recognizes all the lampbrush chromosome transcribing sites (loops). Moreover, it
      differentially labels the cell nuclei during embryonic and larval development.
      Group 2, antibody B71, also stains all the loops of the lampbrush chromosomes,
      but does not react with cell nuclei of embryos and larvae. Group 3, antibody A1,
      labels specific loops, some of which are heterozygous in the strain of P. waltlii
      used. These heterozygosities have allowed us to localize and to characterize a
      chromosomal segment on bivalent IV which is heteromorphic in the two partners of
      the bivalent. We suggest that this heteromorphism represents a morphological
      distinction between Z and W heterochromosomes. Moreover, this antibody reacts
      with only one transcription unit along a loop that contains several units. Group
      4, antibody B24, stains the only two structures in the lampbrush chromosomes of
      P. waltlii that do not have a loop organization, the mass "M" and the spheres.
      Group 5, antibody A35, reacts with the chromomeres. The antigens corresponding to
      antibodies A33 and B24 have been identified as proteins, which have apparent
      molecular weights of 80 and 104 kilodaltons, respectively. They correspond to
      proteins abundant in the germinal vesicles. All the antibodies described here
      cross-react with the lampbrush chromosomes of five other species of Urodeles.

PMID- 3891249
TI  - [Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a review].

PMID- 3891250
TI  - [Advances in the chemotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

PMID- 3891251
TI  - [Furapyrimidone in the treatment of bancroftian filariasis].

PMID- 3891252
TI  - [Hydrogen breath-analysis tests in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases].

PMID- 3891253
TI  - Microbial toxins and diarrhoeal diseases: introduction and overview.
AB  - Without question, diarrhoeal diseases constitute one of the greatest causes of
      morbidity and death on a global scale. To an increasingly recognized extent, they
      are caused by an expanding array of microbial products or "toxins'. The symposium
      focuses on microbial products that alter normal bowel function either by
      augmenting secretory pathways or by selectively destroying mucosal cells or
      pathways, thus leading to an imbalance in the concert of normal absorptive
      function that results in diarrhoea. An understanding of normal intestinal
      physiology is thus the key to unraveling the specific actions of microbial
      toxins. In many instances, the microbial toxins are themselves providing unique
      pharmacological tools with which to dissect normal intestinal function.
      Specifically, families of enterotoxins are reviewed that appear to cause
      secretion through the recognized second messengers of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP
      as well as cyclic nucleotide-independent and calcium-dependent pathways.
      Potential "third messengers' such as the protein kinases, through which one or
      more of the second messengers may act, are also considered. We examine cytotoxins
      that alter the orchestrated function of specialized regions of intact intestinal
      mucosa by selectively impeding or killing certain cells, so leading to small
      intestinal or colonic pathology and contributing to diarrhoea. We also consider a
      wide range of recognized bacterial and parasitic agents and their enterotoxic
      products. In some instances, these toxins may strikingly resemble our own
      endogenous humoral regulators or hormones. At this point, the possible roles of
      viruses or other transmissible genome products in this area await further
      clarification. Finally, we examine pharmacological and immunological approaches
      to attacking the toxins themselves or the deranged physiology they cause, in
      order to approach the control of the potentially devastating diseases of
      diarrhoea.

PMID- 3891254
TI  - Salmonellosis: in retrospect and prospect.
AB  - Despite years of study and the accumulation of much potentially relevant
      information, neither the microbial determinants nor the pathophysiological
      mechanisms of salmonella-induced enteritis are known with precision. Earlier work
      is reviewed on the experimental pathology of salmonellosis, the pathophysiology
      of the disease and the biotyping of salmonella strains in closed rabbit ileal
      loops. The same strains have been confirmed by us to be (i) invasive and
      diarrhoeagenic, (ii) invasive and non-diarrhoeagenic, and (iii) non-invasive and
      non-diarrhoeagenic. At least two mechanisms have been put forward to explain
      fluid exsorption. One implicates prostaglandins released from polymorphonuclear
      cells (PMNs) interacting with invading organisms, whereas the second involves
      salmonella enterotoxin(s). This subject is in a state of confusion and requires
      clarification. The toxin has been shown by some to bear partial likeness to
      either cholera toxin (although the evidence is in fact contradictory) or Shiga
      toxin. Since both 'cholera-like' and 'Shiga-like' toxins are produced by all
      three biotypes in vitro, production of toxin (of whatever class or subclass)
      cannot per se be the sole explanation for salmonella-induced fluid secretion. In
      our experiments the onset of fluid secretion in rabbit ileal loops was coincident
      with the appearance of large numbers of infiltrating PMNs. We have also shown
      that organisms from all three biotypes, grown for 6 h in iron-containing but not
      in iron-deficient media, yielded polymyxin B extracts which are enterotoxic in
      rabbit ileal loops; culture supernatants were negative. Structural damage
      occurred to villus tips but not crypts in infected loops, succeeded the onset of
      fluid secretion, and was not reproduced by polymyxin B enterotoxic extracts. Thus
      salmonella diarrhoea may be a complex phenomenon with multiple determinants which
      might include the release of endogenous secretagogues and bacterial
      enterotoxin(s), if such are shown to be synthesized and released in vivo at
      appropriate times and in appropriate sites. Structural damage to villus tips
      leading to shortened villi may also contribute to diarrhoea by altering
      absorption (tip function)/secretion (crypt function) ratios as well as to the
      expulsion of those organisms which have not migrated to deeper tissues.

PMID- 3891255
TI  - Vaccine development for the control of cholera and related toxin-induced
      diarrhoeal diseases.
AB  - The toxin-induced diarrhoeal diseases in greatest need of effective vaccines for
      use in control programmes are cholera and diarrhoea due to enterotoxigenic
      Escherichia coli. Such vaccines, whether consisting of inactivated immunogens or
      live attenuated organisms, should be administered by the oral route to stimulate
      the gut mucosal immune system to a maximal extent. For optimal efficacy they
      should probably contain or produce immunogens evoking both antibacterial and
      antitoxic immunity that can interfere in a synergistically cooperative manner
      with colonization as well as toxin action (binding) events in the pathogenesis.
      The actual or predicted advantages and limitations of oral vaccines based on
      protective antigen cocktails and different approaches to live, attenuated
      organisms are discussed. A conclusion is that effective vaccines could play an
      important role in the control of diarrhoeal disease by reducing mortality and
      morbidity, and ideally also the transmission of disease.

PMID- 3891257
TI  - [Epidemiology of clonorchiasis sinensis in Guangdong Province].

PMID- 3891256
TI  - Role of the mucosal barrier in toxin/microbial attachment to the gastrointestinal
      tract.
AB  - An important component of bacterial infection of the gastrointestinal tract,
      particularly when enterotoxin disruption of gut function occurs, relates to the
      interaction of the bacterium and toxin with the intestinal surface. Adherence or
      attachment of bacteria lead to colonization and toxic/invasive diarrhoeal states.
      The purpose of this review is to consider the intestinal mucosal barrier as a
      deterrent to microbial/toxin attachment, particularly emphasizing the mucosal
      surface itself, which includes the mucus coat and microvillous membrane.
      Consequences of mucosal barrier deficiency, particularly the incomplete
      development of the mucosal barrier, result in bacterially induced diarrhoeal
      states such as toxigenic diarrhoea and necrotizing enterocolitis. To illustrate
      the importance of the mucosal barrier as a factor in controlling the external
      environment containing bacteria and bacterial toxins, recent research in our
      laboratory on the development of the mucosal barrier is presented. This compares
      mucosal surface functional control of antigen/toxin attachment and penetration
      with mucosal surface compositional changes. Finally, evidence of a preliminary
      nature will be provided to suggest that modifications of the underdeveloped
      mucosal barrier of the immature intestine by the ingestion of breast milk may act
      to prevent pathological interactions between the gut and microbes/toxins.

PMID- 3891258
TI  - [The use of immunofluorescent method in detection of IgM antibody for the early
      diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE)].

PMID- 3891259
TI  - [Diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: report of 3 cases].

PMID- 3891260
TI  - Transrectal repair of rectocele: an extended armamentarium of colorectal
      surgeons. A report of 355 cases.
AB  - Colorectal surgeons are frequently faced with rectocele patients who have
      distressing bowel difficulty and anorectal complaints. In 1977, a new technique
      of transrectal repair of rectocele operating through a standard Fansler operating
      speculum was developed. The principle of the repair is based on the technique of
      Sullivan, as described elsewhere. The main difference is in dealing with the
      mucosal prolapse. A total of 355 cases of transrectal repair of rectocele was
      compiled for study covering a period from 1977 to 1982. Ninety-eight percent of
      patients have improved. Only 2 percent reported no improvement after surgery.
      There was a 5.6 percent overall infection rate. With refinement of the technique,
      no infection has been observed in the last 96 cases of the series.

PMID- 3891261
TI  - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Roman R. Wreden 1867-1934. Harvey
      Brinton Stone 1882-1977.

PMID- 3891262
TI  - Ferritin and lysozyme distribution in normal and abnormal duodenal mucosae.
AB  - The distribution of ferritin and lysozyme in 19 normal and abnormal duodenal
      biopsies was studied by an immunoperoxidase technique. The abnormal biopsies
      included cases of chronic duodenitis with gastric metaplasia, gastric
      heterotopia, villous atrophy, and a case of hemochromatosis. Ferritin is
      demonstrated in duodenal absorptive cells, with the staining being most intense
      in the hemochromatosis case. It was absent in duodenal cells showing gastric
      metaplasia and in the surface epithelial cells of most biopsies with villous
      atrophy and gastric heterotopia. Lysozyme-positive mononuclear inflammatory cells
      were markedly increased in all abnormal biopsies. Not all lysozyme-positive cells
      were ferritin positive. The latter were especially abundant in areas with gastric
      metaplasia. It is suggested that this abundance may be related to passive
      diffusion of intestinal contents, particularly iron, through the metaplastic
      areas, and consequently there may be a relationship between the presence of
      duodenal gastric metaplasia and uncontrolled iron absorption.

PMID- 3891263
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics in pregnancy and perinatology. I. Placental transfer
      and fetal side effects of local anaesthetic agents.
AB  - Local anaesthetic agents, both of the amide type (e.g., lidocaine, bupivacaine,
      etidocaine) and of the ester type (e.g., 2-chloroprocaine) are widely used to
      relieve pain in obstetric and gynaecological practice. The pharmacokinetics of
      these compounds are discussed in this review, with particular emphasis on the
      fetal exposure and its relationship to adverse effects on the fetus. 2
      Chloroprocaine is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases, and only traces of this
      compound reach the fetus, even following multiple injections, suggesting safety
      for the fetus. The main disadvantage of this compound is the short duration of
      action (0.5-1 h). The amide-type agents are active for longer time periods (up to
      several hours). The fetal/maternal total concentration ratios were approximately
      0.3 for bupivacaine and etidocaine, 0.5 for lidocaine, 0.7 for mepivacaine, and 1
      for prilocaine. The low ratios of bupivacaine and etidocaine result from
      extensive binding (90%) of these drugs to maternal alpha1-acid glycoprotein which
      exceeds corresponding fetal protein binding (50%). These low fetal/maternal total
      concentration ratios cannot be equated with fetal safety, because fetal side
      effects are better related to the free drug levels. Since the amide-type
      anaesthetics are weak bases, fetal acidosis will increase the maternal/fetal pH
      gradient and will result in accumulation of free drug in the fetus and possible
      fetal side effects. Addition of epinephrine to the injection solution reduces the
      maternal blood levels of the amide-type compounds, but apparently not the fetal
      levels to the same extent. Because of possible unwanted effects of epinephrine
      (decreased uterine blood flow), the addition of this compound is not generally
      accepted to be of advantage. Paracervical blockade may result in elevated fetal
      blood levels (possibly by transarterial diffusion into uterine arteries) and
      possibly fetal bradycardia.

PMID- 3891264
TI  - Medication compliance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes: a randomized comparison
      of chlorpropamide and insulin.
AB  - Medication compliance may be a problem in the management of patients with
      diabetes. Some physicians initially treat patients having non-insulin-dependent
      diabetes with oral sulfonylureas because they fear greater compliance problems
      with insulin therapy. We compared compliance with insulin and chlorpropamide in
      patients newly beginning medication for NIDDM. Seventy-seven adults with
      hyperglycemia despite diet therapy were randomly assigned to chlorpropamide or
      insulin. Compliance was measured four times over 24 wk. Patients then crossed
      over to the other medication and were followed for 24 additional weeks. Overall,
      there were no differences in compliance with the two medications in terms of
      percent of prescription used, proportion taking at least 80% of prescribed
      medication, self-report of medication or diet compliance, or protocol dropout
      rates. However, treatment satisfaction was higher with chlorpropamide, and most
      patients preferred chlorpropamide to insulin (P less than 0.0001). While such
      differences in satisfaction may affect long-term compliance, physicians should
      not assume that their patients will be less compliant with insulin than with oral
      sulfonylureas.

PMID- 3891265
TI  - The course of peripheral vascular disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
AB  - The present report is an analysis of the course of peripheral vascular disease
      (PVD) in 619 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) recruited
      within 1 yr of diagnosis and followed quarterly for up to 14 yr (X = 10.5 yr). At
      13 yr duration, the actuarially determined cumulative risks for intermittent
      claudication (IC), nonpalpable dorsalis pedis pulse (NPUL), and arterial
      calcification (CALC) were, respectively, 37.9%, 34.5%, and 60.9% for men and
      24.3%, 37.6%, and 32.2% for women. Major amputations (AMP) occurred in only 1.3%
      of the patients, equivalent to approximately one case per 1000 patients per year.
      The corresponding incidences of IC, NPUL, and CALC were, respectively, 29, 27,
      and 47 per 1000 men and 19, 27, and 25 per 1000 women per year. CALC and NPUL
      were strongly related to mortality. Baseline risk factors with probability levels
      that suggest a relationship to PVD were, in women, age versus CALC (P less than
      0.01), age versus NPUL (P less than 0.05), weight versus NPUL (P less than 0.05),
      systolic BP versus CALC (P less than 0.01), summed glucose tolerance test versus
      CALC (P less than 0.01), and triglyceride level versus CALC (P less than 0.05).
      In men, the only significant risk factors were diminished vibration perception,
      which was related to NPUL (P less than 0.05), and the serum triglyceride level,
      which was related to IC (P less than 0.05). In patients who are carefully
      followed prospectively, IC is far more common, but AMP is far less common than
      has been generally appreciated. Further studies are needed to clarify the roles
      of the diverse risk factors that are possibly related.

PMID- 3891266
TI  - Alterations in plasma lipids in the presence of mild glucose intolerance in the
      offspring of two type II diabetic parents.
AB  - Plasma lipids and oral glucose tolerance were determined in 67 normal control
      subjects (age range 19-67 yr) and 150 individuals (17-69 yr) who were offspring
      of two type II diabetic parents. Age- and weight-adjusted analyses of covariance
      were performed for lipids and for glucose and insulin responses. For both men and
      women, the mean concentrations of total, low-density-, and high-density
      lipoprotein-cholesterol and of triglycerides in the offspring with normal glucose
      tolerance (N = 109) were similar to respective controls. For offspring with
      abnormal glucose tolerance (N = 41), the mean levels of total cholesterol, LDL
      cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantly elevated (P = 0.02 or less) in
      women but not in men. The mean HDL-cholesterol levels were 20% lower and LDL/HDL
      cholesterol ratios 60% greater in women with abnormal glucose tolerance, whereas
      no significant differences existed for any of the lipid fractions in men,
      compared with respective controls. Both men and women with abnormal glucose
      tolerance had a comparable magnitude of hyperglycemia as well as
      hyperinsulinemia. These observations indicate that significant alterations in
      plasma lipids exist in individuals with mild, asymptomatic glucose intolerance
      and there are important sex differences in lipid metabolism in the early stage of
      diabetes, despite comparable degrees of glucose intolerance and insulin
      responses.

PMID- 3891267
TI  - Methods for the control of diabetes after acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Blood glucose control in patients with diabetes after myocardial infarction is
      often poor, and this may contribute to increased mortality in the diabetic
      patient. A retrospective review of the records of 71 diabetic patients admitted
      with suspected myocardial infarction, and managed using a variety of methods,
      showed that adequate control (mean blood glucose less than 234 mg/dl; 13 mmol/L)
      was achieved in only 60%. Continuation of oral hypoglycemic agents and the use of
      irregular intermittent insulin in response to hyperglycemia were particularly
      associated with poor control. In a prospective study 68 consecutive patients were
      managed using regular subcutaneous insulin injections three times daily or a
      glucose-insulin-potassium intravenous infusion (in those with cardiogenic shock,
      severe hyperglycemia, or unable to eat). Control was adequate in 87% (P less than
      0.001 versus retrospective group) and mean blood glucose concentration on days 1
      and 2 were significantly lower than in the retrospective group (167 versus 232;
      165 versus 236 mg/dl; both P less than 0.001). Simple protocols using three-times
      daily subcutaneous insulin or glucose-insulin-potassium infusion provide a
      practical method for achieving good glycemic control in the diabetic patient with
      suspected acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3891268
TI  - The effects of sucrose, fructose, and high-fructose corn syrup meals on plasma
      glucose and insulin in non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.
AB  - We have previously shown that fructose and sorbitol given with a standard meal
      cause less increment in plasma glucose than sucrose and high fructose corn syrup
      (HFCS) in patients with NIDDM. However, there was no direct comparison of sucrose
      with HFCS. Sixteen men and one woman aged 54-67) with NIDDM were given either 35
      g sucrose, 35 g fructose, or 43.75 g HFCS containing 35 g carbohydrate as part of
      a 400-calorie test meal. Blood samples were obtained at frequent intervals up to
      3 h and were analyzed for glucose and insulin. As compared with a fructose meal,
      the mean increment in plasma glucose (delta PG) after a sucrose meal was
      significantly higher at 45 min and after an HFCS meal it was significantly higher
      at 30 and 45 min, but sucrose and HFCS meals did not differ. When delta PGs were
      compared in nine patients with basal PG greater than 140 mg/dl and in eight
      patients with basal PG less than 140 mg/dl, differences in delta PG after sucrose
      and HFCS versus fructose meals became more significant but still did not differ
      from each other. The integrated total areas under the delta PG curves after
      sucrose, HFCS, and fructose meals were not statistically different. However, the
      areas under the curves up to 90 min after sucrose and HFCS meals, which did not
      differ, were greater than the fructose meal. The mean delta IRI after sucrose
      meals was markedly elevated at 45, 60, and 75 min (P less than 0.05) and after
      HFCS meals at 45 min as compared with fructose meals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3891269
TI  - Absorption of subcutaneously infused insulin: influence of the basal rate pulse
      interval.
AB  - Eight insulin-dependent diabetic patients were given two constant infusions (each
      1 IU/h) of 125I-labeled insulin into the abdominal subcutaneous tissue for about
      12 h. Insulin was infused in pulses into one side of the abdomen in 6-min
      intervals (by means of an Auto-Syringe pump) and in the other side of the
      abdomen, insulin was infused in 1-h intervals (by means of a Medix pump). The
      size of the subcutaneous depots was continuously measured by counting the
      radioactivity at the infusion sites. After starting the infusions, the two depots
      were built up to steady-state levels at the same time and of the same size
      (approximately 3 IU) and with similar absorption rates. Thus, during basal rate
      insulin infusion, identical insulin absorption kinetics was achieved,
      irrespective of a 10-fold difference in the pulse rate.

PMID- 3891270
TI  - Diabetes control and adolescents.

PMID- 3891271
TI  - Anorexia nervosa and bulimia: the eating disorders.

PMID- 3891272
TI  - Efficient expression in Escherichia coli of two species of human interferon-alpha
      and their hybrid molecules.
AB  - A new type of interferon (IFN)-alpha cDNA (IFN-alpha I') was identified in a cDNA
      library constructed from Namalva cells infected with Sendai virus. The nucleotide
      sequence of this cDNA showed homology, with the exception of two nucleotides in
      the coding region, with the previously identified IFN-alpha I gene (Lawn et al.,
      1981). An expression plasmid which directs the synthesis of the mature IFN-alpha
      I' peptide was constructed using vectors carrying the lpp/lac promoter and
      "runaway" replicon. Furthermore, hybrid genes were constructed by in vitro
      recombination of IFN-alpha I' and IFN-alpha A at a common restriction
      endonuclease site located at amino acid positions 121-122. While the specific
      antiviral and anticellular activities of IFN alpha A and IFN-alpha I' on human
      cells were comparable, the antiviral activity of IFN-alpha I' on mouse cells was
      125-fold higher than that of IFN-alpha A. The specific antiviral activities of
      the hybrid IFNs on human and bovine cells were similar to that of the amino
      terminal parental IFN peptide, while the anticellular activities on human cells
      of the alpha A/alpha I' hybrid were higher and that of the alpha I'/alpha A
      hybrid were lower than the parental IFN-alpha A and IFN-alpha I'.

PMID- 3891273
TI  - [Changes in the gene of the cellular T-antigen (p53) in human tumors].

PMID- 3891274
TI  - [Cloning and expression of the structural gene of cellulolytic complex
      endoglucanase of Clostridium thermocellum phi 7 in Escherichia coli cells].

PMID- 3891275
TI  - [Heterogeneity of splenic colonies formed by clonogenic hematopoietic cells of
      embryonic liver].

PMID- 3891276
TI  - Doxorubicin: alteration of dose scheduling as a means of reducing cardiotoxicity.
AB  - The long-term therapeutic potential of doxorubicin is often limited by the
      predictable development of a dose-related cardiomyopathy. Empiric limitations of
      cumulative doses to 450-550 mg/m2 minimize the incidence of this potentially
      fatal toxicity. This review presents recent studies performed to examine the
      potential for altered dose schedule to reduce or delay this toxicity and maintain
      therapeutic efficacy. Altering doxorubicin's dosing schedule from the standard
      three-weekly regimen to a continuous infusion or weekly schedule has been shown
      to delay cardiotoxicity. Data presented suggest that doxorubicin administered on
      a weekly schedule significantly reduces cardiotoxicity as compared with a three
      weekly schedule and allows approximately 160 mg/m2 more of the drug to be
      administered to reach the same level of cardiotoxicity as measured by
      endomyocardial biopsy. This corresponds clinically to two additional months of
      therapy. Cumulated response data suggest that continuous infusion or weekly
      schedules of doxorubicin are equally efficacious as the standard three-weekly
      schedule.

PMID- 3891277
TI  - Personal adventures in biopharmaceutical research during the 1953-1984 years.

PMID- 3891278
TI  - A comparative study of gentamicin and netilmicin in the treatment of gram
      negative infections.
AB  - Netilmicin is active in vitro against a wide variety of gram-negative bacteria,
      including certain gentamicin-resistant isolates, and Staphylococcus aureus. This
      study presents the results of a prospective, randomized, double-blinded protocol
      designed to determine the relative efficacy and toxicity of netilmicin and
      gentamicin in the therapy of gram-negative infections. The demographic make-up of
      both treatment groups was similar. Cure rates were 96.7 percent with netilmicin
      and 94.4 percent with gentamicin. Possible transient nephrotoxicity developed in
      nine patients receiving netilmicin and in eight patients receiving gentamicin.

PMID- 3891279
TI  - Pentoxifylline: a new agent for intermittent claudication.
AB  - Pentoxifylline is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment
      of patients with intermittent claudication on the basis of chronic occlusive
      arterial disease of the limbs. It is not a substitute for surgical bypass or
      removal of arterial obstructions, but will improve function and symptoms of the
      disease state. The mechanism by which pentoxifylline works is not well known, but
      appears to be related to erythrocyte adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations
      and the phosphorylation of erythrocyte membrane proteins, both mechanisms
      resulting in an improvement in erythrocyte flexibility. Efficacy studies indicate
      that pentoxifylline is significantly more effective than placebo or nylidrin
      therapy. Adverse reactions are mainly of the gastrointestinal type and are
      minimized by the use of a controlled-release dosage form.

PMID- 3891280
TI  - The use of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The use of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis is reviewed. Methotrexate, a
      folic acid antagonist, is sometimes employed in an attempt to symptomatically
      control patients whose disease does not respond adequately to conventional
      therapies. Systemic administration of 7.5-15 mg/wk in a "pulse" fashion appears
      to be effective without precipitating severe adverse effects. However, concern
      over potentially serious side effects and a lack of well-controlled clinical
      trials have limited its use to severe, refractory disease. Further studies are
      needed before its role in rheumatoid arthritis can justifiably be expanded.

PMID- 3891281
TI  - Cisplatin nephrotoxicity: a summary of preventative interventions.
AB  - Nephrotoxicity is usually the dose-limiting toxicity associated with cisplatin
      therapy. Frequently the nephrotoxicity is mild and reversible. However, it is
      both dose-related and cumulative and may become life-threatening and irreversible
      at higher dosages. Many interventions such as vigorous hydration, osmotic or loop
      diuretics, and alterations of infusion times have been evaluated in the hope of
      ameliorating this serious toxicity, and are summarized. More recently, hypertonic
      NaCl 0.9% has been reported to decrease the incidence of cisplatin
      nephrotoxicity. In addition, newer platinum analogs are currently undergoing
      clinical trials to ascertain if they retain the antitumor properties of cisplatin
      but produce less toxicity.

PMID- 3891282
TI  - Amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate: a novel beta-lactamase inhibitor.
AB  - Potassium clavulanate is a novel beta-lactamase inhibitor, which, in combination,
      expands the spectrum of amoxicillin to include many amoxicillin-resistant
      organisms. Potassium clavulanate is excreted 30-50 percent unchanged renally and
      its plasma time-course parallels that of amoxicillin. Several studies suggest
      that an increased incidence of gastrointestinal side effects may occur with this
      combination. In the current oral formulation, its greatest utility may be in
      pediatric infections due to beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae and
      B. cattarhalis. In adults, the combination has not been adequately studied
      against other effective antibiotics.

PMID- 3891283
TI  - Pimozide: use in Tourette's syndrome.
AB  - The orphan drug pimozide was recently approved for marketing in the U.S. for the
      treatment of Tourette's syndrome (TS). TS is characterized by recurrent,
      involuntary motor movements and vocal tics, and is believed to be due to
      neurochemical dysfunction. Pimozide's receptor selectivity differs from that of
      haloperidol, the standard agent used for TS. Clinical trials with pimozide
      demonstrate a positive response for many patients, although superiority over
      haloperidol has not been demonstrated in general. Pimozide causes annoying side
      effects in a large percentage of patients and may cause severe side effects
      (e.g., tardive dyskinesia, cardiovascular toxicity) with prolonged use and/or at
      higher doses. The long half-life of pimozide allows for once-daily dosing.
      Pimozide should be reserved for treatment of patients with TS who have not
      responded to haloperidol or who cannot tolerate haloperidol's adverse effects.

PMID- 3891285
TI  - Effect of filtering amphotericin B infusions on the incidence and severity of
      phlebitis and selected adverse reactions.
AB  - This study evaluated the effectiveness of filtering amphotericin B (ampho B) on
      the incidence and severity of drug-related complications. Fifteen males receiving
      ampho B via peripheral vein infusion participated in this randomized, double
      blind study. Each patient had his dose of ampho B diluted in 500 ml of dextrose
      5% in water, to which hydrocortisone 25 mg was admixed and infused over four to
      six hours. Eight patients had their ampho B infusions filtered through a 1 micron
      filter after preparation, while seven patients did not have their ampho B
      infusions filtered. Patients were evaluated daily for phlebitis and selected
      adverse effects. The two groups were comparable with regard to diagnosis,
      concomitant drugs, cannula type and size, vein selection, and frequency of iv
      site change. Four patients in each group developed phlebitis. Statistical testing
      using the Mann-Whitney U test revealed no difference between groups with regard
      to patient age, dose of ampho B, frequency and severity of phlebitis, time to
      onset of initial phlebitis, and frequency of adverse effects (fever, chills,
      headache, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia). Filtration of ampho B infusions using
      a 1 micron filter does not appear to decrease the incidence or severity of
      phlebitis and associated adverse effects.

PMID- 3891284
TI  - Analgesic effect of ceruletide compared with pentazocine in biliary and renal
      colic: a prospective, controlled, double-blind study.
AB  - The analgesic effect of ceruletide in biliary and renal colic was evaluated by a
      randomized, double-blind study in 82 patients. Ceruletide was compared with
      pentazocine, a well-established analgetic agent. Rapid and effective analgesia
      was obtained by intramuscular injection of ceruletide 0.5 micrograms/kg in 56
      patients with biliary colic. The analgesic effect of ceruletide compared well
      with pentazocine 0.5 mg/kg im, and was associated with remarkably fewer side
      effects. In 26 patients with renal colic, ceruletide was significantly inferior
      to pentazocine. These data support the recommendation of ceruletide as a first
      choice analgetic agent for biliary colic.

PMID- 3891286
TI  - Piretanide for hypertension.

PMID- 3891287
TI  - [Central pulmonary embolism as an incidental computer-tomographic finding].

PMID- 3891288
TI  - [Results of prosthetic heart valve replacement. Primary, secondary and emergency
      operations].
AB  - From 1962 to 1984, 2460 prosthetic valve implantations in the heart were
      performed at the Department of Surgery of the University of Heidelberg. In
      addition to 2291 primary surgical interventions, 169 re-interventions were
      carried out. 153 emergency operations were necessary. The frequency rate of
      operations increased continuously; 52% of the operations were performed at the
      aortic valve and 37% at the mitral valve. In 9% of the cases, two valves had to
      be replaced, and in 2% even three valve prostheses were implanted. The
      indications for re-intervention included prosthetic thromboses, paravalvular
      leakages and prosthetic valve endocarditis. The situations requiring emergency
      intervention differed from case to case. Early mortality, which had been
      initially high, could be considerably reduced due to increased experience in
      surgical technique, anaesthesia, intensive care and improved myocardial
      protection. The extent and quality of medical postoperative care will determine
      the success of medical rehabilitation and hence the future professional activity
      of the patient.

PMID- 3891289
TI  - [St-segment analysis in long-term electrocardiography].

PMID- 3891290
TI  - [Digitalis purpurea 1785-1985].

PMID- 3891291
TI  - [Pheochromocytoma with hypotension and shock: diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 3891292
TI  - [Liberalized diabetic diet for type I diabetics under intensive insulin injection
      therapy. Follow-up observations for over 2 years].
AB  - The dietary habits and metabolic status of 14 selected ambulant type-1 diabetics,
      who were previously treated with conventional insulin therapy, were investigated
      over a period of 2 years under intensified insulin injection therapy. In this,
      multiple doses of regular insulin in combination with intermediate-acting insulin
      were injected daily and the regular metabolic controls as well as adjustment of
      the insulin dosage were undertaken by the patients themselves. Whereas
      conventional insulin therapy made exclusive use of intermediate-acting insulin,
      41% of the daily dose in the intensified insulin injection therapy was regular
      insulin. The total daily insulin dose of 51 +/- 12 U/d was therefore not
      significantly different from that in the conventional insulin therapy (49 +/- 10
      U/d). During the intensified insulin injection therapy the usual diabetic diet
      was relaxed in several aspects: neither the daily intake of fat, protein and
      calories, nor substitution in the diet using exchange lists was specified.
      Despite this liberalization HbA1c values decreased significantly from 9.3 +/-
      1.2% to 7.8 +/- 0.7% (P less than 0.05) and blood lipids remained in the normal
      range. The results of this retrospective investigation lead to the conclusion
      that despite some measure of diet liberalization, selected, trained, type-1
      diabetics of normal body weight and without primary dyslipoproteinaemia can
      attain good metabolic control under intensified insulin injection therapy.

PMID- 3891293
TI  - [Vascular diagnosis of the extremities. Conventional angiography--digital
      subtraction angiography].

PMID- 3891294
TI  - [50 years ago: the discovery of sulfonamide chemotherapy (Gerhard Domagk)].

PMID- 3891295
TI  - [Study of mussels in a production area].

PMID- 3891296
TI  - [Results of serological studies for the determination of antibodies against
      infectious pancreatic necrosis, viral hemorrhagic septicemia and spring viremia
      viruses in Schleswig-Holstein and their legal consequences].

PMID- 3891297
TI  - [Chemical studies of the death of fishes, using gas chromatography/mass
      spectrometry].

PMID- 3891298
TI  - [Distemper in stone martens (Martes foina, Erxl.) in Schleswig-Holstein. A
      contribution to the epidemiology of distemper].

PMID- 3891299
TI  - [The longevity of mites of the species Psoroptes ovis, Psoroptes cuniculi and
      Chorioptes bovis separate from the host].

PMID- 3891300
TI  - [Long-term effect of insecticide-bearing ear tags (permethrin and cypermethrin)
      in controlling flies and tabanids on pasturing cattle in North Germany].

PMID- 3891301
TI  - [Superovulation in swine].

PMID- 3891304
TI  - Transient ischaemic attacks. Current treatment concepts.
AB  - Transient ischaemic attacks are common, having an incidence of at least 50 per
      100,000 population per annum, and the risk of stroke and/or death is about 10%
      per annum. Death is more often due to the complications of coronary artery
      disease than cerebrovascular disease. The most important issues in management are
      distinguishing transient ischaemic attacks from several other causes of
      'transient focal neurological attacks', and managing the risk factors for
      vascular disease in general, particularly hypertension. The utility of specific
      'antithrombotic' treatments is still uncertain, but for long term use aspirin
      seems to be the most promising. The only dose so far tested in clinical trials
      has been about 600mg twice daily but lower doses may theoretically be as, or
      more, effective. Trials of aspirin and other antiplatelet agents, and also of
      carotid endarterectomy and extracranial-to-intracranial bypass surgery are
      continuing and should be strongly encouraged. Although transient ischaemic
      attacks recover - by definition - in 24 hours, the pathophysiology, natural
      history, and treatment of focal cerebral ischaemia which recovers in a matter of
      days or weeks is probably rather similar.

PMID- 3891303
TI  - Prodrugs. Do they have advantages in clinical practice?
AB  - Prodrugs are pharmacologically inactive chemical derivatives of a drug molecule
      that require a transformation within the body in order to release the active
      drug. They are designed to overcome pharmaceutical and/or pharmacokinetically
      based problems associated with the parent drug molecule that would otherwise
      limit the clinical usefulness of the drug. The scientific rationale, based on
      clinical, pharmaceutical and chemical experience, for the design of various
      currently used prodrugs is presented in this review. The examples presented are
      by no means comprehensive, but are representative of the different ways in which
      the prodrug approach has been used to enhance the clinical efficacy of various
      drug molecules.

PMID- 3891305
TI  - Piretanide. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic
      properties, and therapeutic efficacy.
AB  - Piretanide is a potent 'loop' diuretic whose principal site of action is in the
      thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. When administered orally or
      intravenously to healthy volunteers it rapidly increases diuresis and electrolyte
      excretion, and the effects are short-lived. In comparative studies, piretanide
      has generally been found to be 5 to 7 times more potent than frusemide
      (furosemide) but only one-tenth as potent as bumetanide, on a weight-for-weight
      basis. Piretanide 6 to 12 mg/day, in conventional or sustained release
      formulations, has been shown to significantly lower elevated blood pressure in a
      large proportion of patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Comparative
      trials of up to 3 months duration indicate that at this dosage piretanide is of
      comparable antihypertensive efficacy as hydrochlorothiazide 50 to 100 mg/day, but
      has significantly less effect on serum potassium levels. Short term studies in
      patients with oedema caused by renal, hepatic or cardiac failure demonstrated
      that piretanide 6 to 9 mg is of similar diuretic potency as frusemide 40 mg and
      bumetanide 1 mg. In medium term trials in patients with congestive heart failure
      piretanide 6 mg/day produced equivalent symptomatic improvement as frusemide 40
      mg/day. When used to treat oedema caused by liver disease, piretanide 12 to 24
      mg/day was successful in only about 50% of patients, but spironolactone added to
      the treatment regimen greatly increased the response rate. Generally, piretanide
      has been well-tolerated in clinical trials, although the conventional tablet
      formulation has caused a relatively high incidence of acute adverse effects-
      these were greatly reduced with the introduction of the sustained release
      formulation. Serum concentrations of most electrolytes have not shown any
      consistent adverse trends and hyperuricaemia and hypokalaemia have been
      encountered infrequently. Thus, piretanide appears to offer an effective
      alternative to other 'loop' diuretics for the treatment of oedematous diseases
      and to hydrochlorothiazide for the management of mild to moderate hypertension.
      However, its relative place in therapy remains to be clarified with wider
      clinical experience.

PMID- 3891302
TI  - Diltiazem. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy.
AB  - Diltiazem is an orally and intravenously active calcium channel blocking agent
      shown to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for stable angina and
      angina due to coronary artery spasm. Its efficacy in these diseases has generally
      been similar to that of nifedipine or verapamil - alternative calcium channel
      blockers with which diltiazem has many electrophysiological, haemodynamic, and
      antiarrhythmic similarities. The antianginal mechanism of diltiazem cannot be
      precisely described; however, it appears to increase myocardial oxygen supply and
      decrease myocardial oxygen demand, mainly by coronary artery dilatation and/or
      via both direct and indirect haemodynamic alterations. Diltiazem has also shown
      substantial efficacy in the treatment of unstable angina, hypertension, and
      supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, but further study is necessary before its
      place in the treatment of these diseases may be clearly established. Although
      headache due to peripheral vasodilatation and depression of atrioventricular
      nodal conduction may be troublesome, side effects occur in only 2 to 10% of
      patients receiving diltiazem and are generally minor in nature. Thus, diltiazem
      offers a worthwhile alternative to other agents currently available for the
      treatment of angina pectoris. Although the infrequency of serious side effects
      may offer an advantage, its relative place in therapy compared with that of other
      calcium channel blockers remains to be clarified.

PMID- 3891307
TI  - [Ultrasonography of the transplanted kidney].

PMID- 3891308
TI  - The role of auto-immune antibody mechanisms in primary glomerulonephritis in
      Nigerians.

PMID- 3891309
TI  - [Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content of waste products of the coal-tar
      industry and the mutagenic effect of soot extracts].
AB  - The content of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in organized and
      nonorganized effluents of cake- and by-product processes at the Rustavi
      integrated iron-and-steel works was quantitatively determined by the method of
      low-temperature spectrofluorescence. Contents of BP and other PAH in nonorganized
      effluents is 100 and more times higher than those in the organized one and play a
      decisive role in pollution of the low atmospheric layer. The effluent is
      characterized by a specific PAH composition and therefore BP may be both a
      quantitative and a qualitative indicator of PAH. The mutagenic effect was studied
      by the Ames method with S. typhimurium TA 100 as a test strain. The extracts from
      soot of nonorganized cake-batlery effluent were studied. Simultaneously the
      effects of BP, of all PAH in the total and of carcinogenic PAH in concentrations
      corresponding to the discharge composition were studied. It is shown that BP may
      be used as an indicator of PAH composition and mutagenic effect.

PMID- 3891310
TI  - [Antitumor activity of ribonucleases].
AB  - The data on antitumour activity of pancreatic. RNase are reviewed. Problems
      associated with the antitumour activity of RNase As(BS) and synthetic dimers of
      RNase A, microbic RNase are considered and analyzed. The data on the significance
      of engineering-enzymological approaches for increasing the antitumour RNase
      activity are discussed.

PMID- 3891306
TI  - Acebutolol. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy
      in hypertension, angina pectoris and arrhythmia.
AB  - Acebutolol is a cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug possessing both
      partial agonist (intrinsic sympathomimetic) and membrane stabilising activity. In
      hypertension, it can be administered once or twice daily with equal
      effectiveness, and has been as effective at lowering blood pressure as
      propranolol, diuretics, and other beta-blocking drugs (metoprolol, labetalol and
      atenolol) and more effective than methyldopa. Acebutolol has a significantly
      smaller effect on resting heart rate than propranolol, metoprolol and atenolol,
      although direct comparisons with drugs with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
      have yet to be undertaken. In both angina and arrhythmia, when administered twice
      daily it has been as effective as standard therapeutic agents. The side effect
      profile of acebutolol appears to be comparable to that of other cardioselective
      beta-blockers. Its relative cardio-selectivity, partial agonist and membrane
      stabilising activity, hydrophilicity, and considerable extrarenal excretion may
      offer advantages over some beta-blocking drugs in specific patients. Choosing a
      beta-blocking agent, however, should be made with a knowledge of pharmacodynamic
      and pharmacokinetic properties of the various agents and careful consideration of
      how such properties may be of benefit to an individual patient.

PMID- 3891311
TI  - Progesterone receptor in the chick bursa of fabricius: characterization and
      immunohistochemical localization.
AB  - A high affinity progesterone-binding site was studied in the chick bursa of
      Fabricius. The dissociation constant for progesterone was 1.4 nM, and the
      concentration of progesterone-binding sites increased with estradiol treatment.
      In estradiol-treated bursas, the receptor concentration was about 240 fmol/mg
      protein. The binding site was specific for progestins, with the following order
      of affinities: ORG 2058 greater than progesterone greater than promegestone.
      Androgens, dexamethasone, and estradiol were weak competitors for progesterone
      binding in the bursa cytosols from estradiol-treated chicks. Immunoglobulin G
      fraction of antiserum (immunoglobulin G-RB) raised in rabbit against the B
      subunit of chick oviduct progesterone receptor (PR) was used for an
      immunohistochemical study. The PR was found only in the interfollicular cells,
      which were most probably nonlymphoid cells. Staining was localized exclusively in
      the elongated nuclei of these cells. No staining was seen in the bursal
      epithelium or inside the lymphoid follicles. The results indicate that the
      interfollicular cells of the bursa contain specific PRs which are under estrogen
      regulation as in the oviduct. Thus, these cells might be under direct
      progesterone regulation.

PMID- 3891312
TI  - Dynamic characteristics of luteinizing hormone release from perifused sheep
      anterior pituitary cells stimulated by combined pulsatile and continuous
      gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
AB  - We aim to quantify and relate the dominant dynamic factors of GnRH signals and of
      the resultant patterns of LH release from pituitary cells. Using perifused sheep
      cells we have already shown that rising edges of GnRH pulses are major effectors
      of LH release and that a longer absence of signal between pulses improves
      response. This study reports the effects on LH release dynamics of continuous
      levels of GnRH with superimposed pulses and of slowing the important rising edge
      of the GnRH pulses. Low baseline GnRH perifusions at physiological levels (5-60
      pM) reduced the response to hourly pulses of 850 pM GnRH. Continuous GnRH (420
      pM), which initially yielded maximal LH release followed by desensitization,
      prevented extra stimulation by pulses of equal concentration, but 10-fold higher
      pulses gave additional LH output. After desensitization an hour's respite from
      stimulation resensitized cells to 420 pM pulses. Whereas continuous stimulation
      of cells with GnRH even at the very low level of 5-10 pM [ED50 = 58 +/- 6 (SE)
      pM] produced desensitization in 10-15 min, slowly rising GnRH (0.56-14 pM/min)
      caused increasing LH output with time. However, in comparison with square wave
      pulses, stimulatory signals consisting of slowly rising concentrations of GnRH
      produced peaks characterized by less total LH output and a changed shape. This
      was consistent with desensitization at low concentrations of GnRH reducing
      response to later increases in the level of stimulation. The mechanism for
      detecting GnRH signals and/or the mechanisms controlling release of LH were
      desensitized to constant GnRH at any concentration but retained a reduced
      sensitivity, or developed an additional release capacity, to increased levels of
      GnRH. Properties of four distinct types of LH release dynamics were described
      quantitatively and were shown to be controlled by different time constants in the
      GnRH pulse stimulation patterns.

PMID- 3891313
TI  - Ontogeny of prolactin cells in neonatal rats: initial prolactin secretors also
      release growth hormone.
AB  - Reverse hemolytic plaque assays and immunocytochemistry were used to monitor the
      ontogeny of individual hormone-secreting and hormone-containing cells in rats.
      Monodispersed anterior pituitary cells from fetal rats (sex unspecified) and
      neonatal rats of each sex were cultured for 24 h and then subjected to
      immunocytochemistry or plaque assays for PRL or GH. PRL secretors first appeared
      in appreciable numbers in cultures from 4-day-old animals, and by day 5, they
      accounted for 8-12% of all cells in culture. The percentage of GH secretors rose
      to a peak on day 5 (comprising approximately 40% of all cells), when the values
      were slightly higher than those observed previously in adults. The percentage of
      cultured cells from 4- to 5-day-olds that released PRL or GH was not influenced
      by the sex of the donor animal and was consistent with immunocytochemical
      estimates. Using a sequential plaque assay that enabled the detection of both GH
      and PRL release from the same cells, we found that of every 100 pituitary cells
      from 5-day-old males that released PRL and/or GH 62.5 released GH only, 1.7
      released PRL alone, and the remaining 35.8 released both hormones. Almost
      identical proportions were found for females. These findings were confirmed using
      an additional variation of the plaque assay and by double staining
      immunocytochemistry. Taken together, these results indicate that
      mammosomatotropes, cells that release both GH and PRL, appear early in the
      neonatal development of both sexes and raise the possibility that PRL-secreting
      cells arise from GH-secreting cells.

PMID- 3891314
TI  - One month of streptozotocin-diabetes induces different neuroendocrine and
      morphological alterations in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis of male and female
      rats.
AB  - LHRH (median eminence) and LH (pituitary and plasma) from male and female Sprague
      Dawley rats were assayed 1 month after streptozotocin injection and compared with
      values in controls either fed ad libitum or offered a restricted diet. Plasma LH
      was also assayed after stimulation with exogenous LHRH or naloxone. In diabetic
      males, the median eminence LHRH content and the plasma LH response to exogenous
      LHRH were unaltered, pituitary LH was increased, and plasma LH was decreased
      under basal conditions and after naloxone treatment. In diabetic females, while
      the median eminence LHRH content and the plasma LH response to exogenous LHRH or
      naloxone were reduced, pituitary and plasma LH levels were not different.
      Measurements made in undernourished rats excluded the possibility that the
      alterations found in diabetic animals were nutrition dependent. In parallel
      experiments, hypothalami and pituitaries were examined morphologically. In
      diabetic animals, degenerate axons, mainly of the LHRH type, were found in the
      arcuate nucleus and median eminence, and LH gonadotrophs were altered and more
      numerous. Strong differences between control males and females were revealed by
      morphometry; moreover, diabetic females had higher brain weights and fewer LH
      gonadotroph changes than diabetic males. These studies indicate that 1) the
      hypothalamo-pituitary changes that occur early in our streptozotocin-treated rats
      are unrelated to undernourishment and are possibly caused by insulin deficiency;
      2) the LHRH axonal lesions might play a primary pathogenic role in the
      hypothalamo-pituitary disorder; 3) some anatomical data indicate that the brain
      and pituitary are less severely affected by diabetes in female than in male
      animals; and 4) differences between control males and females may account for
      some of the dissimilarities between the sexes observed under diabetic conditions.

PMID- 3891315
TI  - Presence of immunoreactive vitamin D-binding protein in rat yolk sac endodermal
      cells.
AB  - The visceral yolk sac is, in the rat, an organ which possesses true placental
      functions. We recently showed that yolk sac is involved in the control of
      metabolism and action of vitamin D in the fetoplacental unit, since its
      endodermal cells contain a 24-hydroxylase for vitamin D metabolites and the 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D receptor. In the present work, by using indirect
      immunoperoxidase staining, we demonstrate that an immunoreactive vitamin D
      binding protein (DBP) is present in this yolk sac throughout embryonic and fetal
      development. It is mainly located at the apex of the endodermal cells.
      Immunoprecipitation studies of radioactive proteins synthesized in vitro by yolk
      sac explants showed that yolk sac DBP, in contrast to alpha-fetoprotein, is not
      synthesized in situ by yolk sac. This result, combined with the location of DBP
      at the apex of the endodermal cells which face the uterus, strongly suggests that
      yolk sac DBP is of maternal origin. The concomitant presence in the endodermal
      cells of this DBP, of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor, and of the system
      hydroxylating vitamin D metabolites in position 24, certainly has considerable
      physiological significance.

PMID- 3891316
TI  - The hepatic vagus nerve and the neural regulation of insulin secretion.
AB  - Despite considerable evidence that vagal neural efferent pathways between
      brainstem and pancreatic islets may alter the secretion of insulin, afferent
      pathways which might affect this system have received little attention. In the
      present work we have examined the effects on plasma insulin concentration of
      several treatments designed to alter the neural activity of the hepatic vagus
      nerve, a major afferent pathway between the liver and the medulla. The hepatic
      vagus nerve was acutely sectioned or stimulated electrically in separate
      experiments in rats. In a third experiment, glucose or 3-O-methylglucose was
      given ip to stimulate or inhibit, respectively, the hypothetical hepatic
      glucoreceptors. The effects of these treatments were assessed by measuring
      arterial or portal plasma insulin concentrations. Anesthesia and its possible
      secondary inhibitory effects on insulin secretion were avoided by a spinal
      sectioning of the rats in the cervical region, before experimentation. Acute
      section of the hepatic vagus nerve between the liver and the main anterior vagal
      trunk caused an increase in both arterial and portal plasma insulin
      concentrations. Stimulation of the central end of the nerve suppressed the
      concentration of the hormone in both the arterial and portal plasma relative to
      sham-stimulated controls. Section of the celiac vagal branches to the pancreas
      abolished these changes. Intraperitoneal glucose enhanced arterial insulin more
      in sham-vagotomized than in hepatic-vagotomized rats. After 3-O-methylglucose was
      given ip, the response was the opposite: insulin rose more in the arterial plasma
      of the hepatic-vagotomized animals than in those sham vagotomized. These results
      suggest that the hepatic vagus nerve plays a role in the regulation of insulin
      secretion. They are consistent with the hypothesis that afferent fibers in this
      nerve exert a tonic inhibition on the brainstem centers of an efferent vagal
      pancreatic neuroendocrine system.

PMID- 3891317
TI  - Sex differences in avian embryo pulmonary surfactant production: evidence for sex
      chromosome involvement.
AB  - Sex differences in fetal pulmonary surfactant production have been shown in
      mammalian species, with the female at an advantage. A relationship between fetal
      sexual differentiation and the development of pulmonary surfactant production has
      been proposed. We hypothesized that if sex chromosomal factors play a role in
      causing the surfactant sex difference, then a reversal in the sex karyotype would
      be associated with a reversal in the surfactant sex difference and in some sex
      specific responses to hormonal regulators of fetal surfactant production. To test
      this, we measured the surfactant-related phospholipids phosphatidylcholine and
      saturated phosphatidylcholine (SPC) in lung homogenates of avian embryos in which
      the male sex karyotype is homozygous (ZZ) and the female heterozygous (ZW). The
      following experimental groups were monitored: untreated controls on days 15
      through 21 of gestation; embryos injected with 250 micrograms 17 beta-estradiol
      or of the antiestrogen CI 628; embryos injected with 250 micrograms testosterone
      or of the antiandrogen Flutamide; and embryos injected with 0.75 micrograms
      dexamethasone or 100 micrograms 11-deoxycortisol. Untreated controls exhibited
      significantly higher PC/milligram lung weight and SPC/milligram lung weight
      ratios in male embryos at gestation days 15 through 19. Hormone treatments also
      produced sex-specific effects. Dexamethasone significantly accelerated the male
      lung SPC concentration (35% over control) without affecting that of females.
      Glucocorticoid inhibition with 11-deoxycortisol significantly reduced the lung
      SPC concentration of both males and females, each by 19%. Testosterone
      significantly increased the female lung SPC concentration by 23%, and Flutamide
      significantly lowered this in the females by 24%. Estrogen reversed the sex
      difference by producing a relatively small (16%) decrease in the male lung SPC
      content while significantly increasing that of the females by 32%. CI 628
      produced a modest and proportionate reduction of the lung SPC content in both
      sexes. These data provide evidence for a male advantage in fetal pulmonary
      surfactant production in the avian system, the reverse to that observed in
      humans, rabbits, rats, and mice. The known sex-specific responses of the
      developing surfactant system to glucocorticoids and to androgens are also
      reversed in the chick embryo as compared to the mammal. This gives additional
      support to the proposed link between the process of fetal sexual differentiation
      and the dimorphism in fetal pulmonary surfactant production and suggests that the
      sex chromosomes play an important regulatory role in the dimorphism of fetal
      surfactant production.

PMID- 3891318
TI  - The Endocrine Society 1985 annual awards.

PMID- 3891319
TI  - Triiodothyronine production by the perfused rat kidney is reduced by diabetes
      mellitus but not by fasting.
AB  - The effects of fasting and streptozotocin-induced diabetes on renal T3 production
      were studied in the isolated perfused rat kidney. Kidneys were perfused for 1 h
      at 37 C and pH 7.4 with two perfusion media, containing different oncotic agents
      (BSA and a modified collagen product, Haemaccel) and with widely varying free T4
      concentrations [15.6 ng/dl (200 pM) in BSA, 132 ng/dl (1703 pM) in Haemaccel].
      Basal kidney T3 concentrations fell by 65.3 +/- (SE) 5.2 and 56.4 +/- 3.4% of
      control in fasted and diabetic rats, respectively, in parallel with similar
      decreases in serum T3 concentrations. Fasting did not alter T3 production, T4
      uptake, or the conversion of T4 to T3 in the perfused kidney. In contrast,
      diabetes decreased renal T3 production by 43.7 +/- 5.4% (P less than 0.001) and
      31.2 +/- 3.5% (P less than 0.005) from control when perfused with BSA and
      Haemaccel, respectively. This decline in T3 production was the result of an
      insulin-reversible decrease in the conversion of T4 to T3, whereas T4 uptake was
      unchanged. Kidneys from diabetic rats retained more of the T3 produced than did
      kidneys from control rats, and this was also reversed with insulin treatment.
      These studies demonstrate significant differences in the metabolism of T4 and
      disposition of the T3 generated in the kidneys of fasting and diabetic rats. In
      both fasting and diabetes, T4 metabolism in the kidney was qualitatively and
      quantitatively different than that previously observed in the perfused liver. We
      postulate that decreased sensitivity or exposure to intraportal hormones and/or
      metabolites may explain these differences.

PMID- 3891320
TI  - A new endoscopic balloon for sclerotherapy in active bleeding from esophageal
      varices.
AB  - A new balloon for flexible endoscopes has been developed and used in 25 patients
      with esophageal varices: sclerotherapy was carried out as prophylaxis against
      rebleeding in 17 cases, and during active hemorrhage in 8 cases. The balloon was
      shown to be effective in controlling hemorrhage and enabling sclerosing
      injections to be carried out, both in emergency and in cases of bleeding response
      to injections.

PMID- 3891321
TI  - Hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal dysfunction in renal failure, dialysis and renal
      transplantation.

PMID- 3891322
TI  - Alcoholism and epilepsy.
AB  - There is a scarcity of population-based epidemiological investigations concerning
      the prevalence of epilepsy among alcoholics, and of alcoholism among epileptic
      patients. Available data seem to suggest that the prevalence of epilepsy among
      alcoholics is at least triple that in the general population, and that alcoholism
      may be more prevalent among epileptic patients than in the general population.
      The term "alcoholic epilepsy" has been used with varying definitions in different
      investigations. It is suggested that a uniform definition be adopted so as to
      minimize confusion when comparing data from different laboratories. Although
      there is general agreement that excessive alcohol intake can increase the
      frequency of seizures in epileptic patients, limited available data suggest that
      light to moderate social alcohol drinking may not affect seizure frequency.
      However, epileptic patients should be warned about the possible adverse effects
      of alcohol, especially those who have refractory forms of epilepsy. Except for a
      few anomalous cases, evidence for the direct seizure-provoking effect of alcohol
      is not strong. This is because it is difficult to pinpoint alcohol as the only
      etiology; more likely, alcohol is only one factor among others (e.g., head
      trauma, cerebral infarct, alcohol withdrawal, and metabolic effects of alcohol)
      in provoking seizures. Because seizures are a symptom and not a disease, it is
      often difficult to distinguish epileptic seizures from alcohol-withdrawal
      seizures. Patients with only the latter kind of seizures should not need chronic
      antiepileptic medication.

PMID- 3891323
TI  - Specific regulation of N-CAM/D2-CAM cell adhesion molecule during skeletal muscle
      development.
AB  - The expression of the N-CAM/D2-CAM cell adhesion molecule was studied in skeletal
      muscle. In cell cultures derived from adult human muscle N-CAM/D2-CAM was found
      at the cell surface of myoblasts and myotubes but not fibroblasts, showing that N
      CAM/D2-CAM is a specific gene product of muscle. Western blots showed that the
      anti N-CAM/D2-CAM antibody reacted with a single protein band of 180 000 daltons
      in these cultures that differed in mobility from the broad band of 150 000-200
      000 daltons found in brain. N-CAM/D2-CAM is also expressed by muscle at certain
      stages of development. Human foetal muscle of 10 and 20 weeks gestation showed N
      CAM/D2-CAM around developing myofibres while both fast and slow adult muscle
      fibres did not express N-CAM/D2-CAM, suggesting that the protein is down
      regulated during myofibre maturation. This was studied further in developing rat
      muscle where N-CAM/D2-CAM was found on myofibres in the day 1 neonate, but had
      disappeared by day 9. N-CAM/D2-CAM is, however, re-expressed in human muscle
      disease where there is muscle regeneration such as in polymyositis, and here is
      associated with classic regenerating myofibres. N-CAM/D2-CAM expression is
      temporally regulated and is expressed only at times of synapse formation
      consistent with the idea that it may be involved in early nerve-muscle
      interactions.

PMID- 3891324
TI  - The solution structure of a B-DNA undecamer comprising a portion of the specific
      target site for the cAMP receptor protein in the gal operon. Refinement on the
      basis of interproton distance data.
AB  - A restrained least squares refinement of the solution structure of the double
      stranded DNA undecamer 5'd(AAGTGT-GACAT).5'd(ATGTCACACTT) comprising a portion of
      the specific target site of the cAMP receptor protein in the gal operon is
      presented. The structure is refined on the basis of both distance and planarity
      restraints, 2331 in all. The distance restraints comprise 150 interproton
      distances determined from pre-steady state nuclear Overhauser enhancement
      measurements and 2159 other interatomic distances derived from idealized geometry
      (i.e., distances between covalently bonded atoms, between atoms defining fixed
      bond angles, and between atoms defining hydrogen bonding in AT and GC base
      pairs). Two refinements were carried out and in both cases the final RMS
      difference between the experimental and calculated interproton distances was 0.2
      A. The difference between the two refined structures is small (overall RMS
      difference of 0.23 A) and represents the error in the refined coordinates.
      Although the refined structures have an overall B-type conformation there are
      large variations in many of the local conformational parameters including
      backbone and glycosidic bond torsion angles, helical twist and propellor twist,
      base roll and base tilt angles.

PMID- 3891325
TI  - A leader peptide is sufficient to direct mitochondrial import of a chimeric
      protein.
AB  - Most mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nucleus and synthesized in the
      cytoplasm as larger precursors containing NH2-terminal 'leader' peptides. To test
      whether a leader peptide is sufficient to direct mitochondrial import, we fused
      the cloned nucleotide sequence encoding the leader peptide of the mitochondrial
      matrix enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) with the sequence encoding the
      cytosolic enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). The fused sequence, joined with
      SV40 regulatory elements, was introduced along with a selectable marker into a
      mutant CHO cell line devoid of endogenous DHFR. In stable transformants, the
      predicted 26-K chimeric precursor protein and two additional proteins, 22 K and
      20 K, were detected by immunoprecipitation with anti-DHFR antiserum. In the
      presence of rhodamine 6G, an inhibitor of mitochondrial import, only the chimeric
      precursor was detected. Immunofluorescent staining of stably transformed cells
      with anti-DHFR antiserum produced a pattern characteristic of mitochondrial
      localization of immunoreactive material. When the chimeric precursor was
      synthesized in a cell-free system and incubated post-translationally with
      isolated rat liver mitochondria, it was imported and converted to a major product
      of 20 K that associated with mitochondria and was resistant to proteolytic
      digestion by externally added trypsin. Thus, both in intact cells and in vitro, a
      leader sequence is sufficient to direct the post-translational import of a
      chimeric precursor protein by mitochondria.

PMID- 3891326
TI  - The HBV HBX gene expressed in E. coli is recognised by sera from hepatitis
      patients.
AB  - We have cloned the X gene (HBx) and the HBc antigen (HBc Ag) gene of human
      hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Escherichia coli as fusion products with beta
      galactosidase. Both HBV genes are expressed in E. coli strain CSR 603. Expression
      is detected by u.v. irradiation of the bacteria, metabolic labelling and
      electrophoresis of the labelled extracts on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. The HBc Ag
      protein produced in bacteria can be recognised by anti-HBc sera and peptides
      derived from the protein are also recognised by anti-HBe sera. The HBx protein is
      recognised by some, but not all, sera which are anti-HBe positive. HBx Ag is also
      recognised by a woodchuck antibody similar to anti-HBe (anti-WHe). These results
      constitute the first proof that the open reading frame X is a true viral gene and
      is expressed during HBV (and WHV) infection and that an HBx/anti-HBx system,
      which may have important biological implications, can exist in parallel with the
      classic HBe/anti-HBe system.

PMID- 3891327
TI  - The promoter of the late p10 gene in the insect nuclear polyhedrosis virus
      Autographa californica: activation by viral gene products and sensitivity to DNA
      methylation.
AB  - In lepidopteran insect cells infected with the baculovirus Autographa californica
      nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV), two major late viral gene products are
      expressed: the polyhedrin, a 28 000 mol. wt. protein which makes up the mass of
      the nuclear inclusion bodies, and a 10 000 mol. wt. protein (p10) whose function
      is unknown. The nucleotide sequences of these strong promoters conform to those
      of other eukaryotic promoters and are rich in AT base pairs. We used the pSVO-CAT
      construct containing the prokaryotic gene chloramphenicol acetyl transferase
      (CAT) to study the function of the p10 gene promoter in insect and mammalian
      cells. Upon transfection of the pAcp10-CAT construct, which contained 402 bp of
      the p10 gene of AcNPV DNA in the HindIII site of pSVO-CAT, CAT activity was
      determined. The p10 gene promoter was inactive in human HeLa cells and in
      uninfected Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells. The same promoter was active,
      however, in AcNPV-infected S. frugiperda cells and exhibited optimal activity
      when cells were transfected 18 h after infection with the insect virus. This
      finding demonstrated directly that the p10 gene promoter required other viral
      gene products for its activity in insect cells. The nature of these products was
      unknown. The p10 gene promoter sequence contained one 5'-CCGG-3' site 40 bp
      upstream from the cap site of the gene and two such sites 178 and 192 bp
      downstream from the ATG initiation codon of the gene. Since Drosophila DNA or S.
      frugiperda DNA contained no 5-methylcytosine or extremely small amounts of it, we
      were interested in determining the effect of site-specific methylations on the
      p10 gene insect virus promoter. Methylation at the 5'-CCGG-3' sites led to a
      block of this promoter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3891328
TI  - Cloning an Aspergillus nidulans developmental gene by transformation.
AB  - We have developed a transformation system for Aspergillus nidulans giving a
      frequency of transformation high enough to screen a gene bank from which we were
      able to isolate and clone the A. nidulans developmental gene brlA by visual
      selection. The vector contains the selective marker argB+, and with it a
      frequency of transformation of 500 stable transformants/micrograms plasmid DNA
      can regularly be achieved. The evidence suggests that transformation is by
      integration but spontaneous excision of integrated plasmids is apparently
      frequent enough to allow the recovery of transforming plasmids in Escherichia
      coli.

PMID- 3891329
TI  - Importance of state of methylation of oriC GATC sites in initiation of DNA
      replication in Escherichia coli.
AB  - In vivo and in vitro evidence is presented implicating a function of GATC
      methylation in the Escherichia coli replication origin, oriC, during initiation
      of DNA synthesis. Transformation frequencies of oriC plasmids into E. coli dam
      mutants, deficient in the GATC-specific DNA methylase, are greatly reduced
      compared with parental dam+ cells, particularly for plasmids that must use oriC
      for initiation. Mutations that suppress the mismatch repair deficiency of dam
      mutants do not increase these low transformation frequencies, implicating a new
      function for the Dam methylase. oriC DNA isolated from dam- cells functions 2- to
      4-fold less well in the oriC-specific in vitro initiation system when compared
      with oriC DNA from dam+ cells. This decreased template activity is restored 2- to
      3-fold if the DNA from dam- cells is first methylated with purified Dam
      methylase. Bacterial origin plasmids or M13-oriC chimeric phage DNA, isolated
      from either base substitution or insertion dam mutants of E. coli, exhibit some
      sensitivity to digestion by DpnI, a restriction endonuclease specific for
      methylated GATC sites, showing that these dam mutants retain some Dam methylation
      activity. Sites of preferred cleavage are found within the oriC region, as well
      as in the ColE1-type origin.

PMID- 3891330
TI  - Effect of dam methylation on the activity of the E. coli replication origin,
      oriC.
AB  - Methylation of GATC sites by the dam methylase is required for efficient
      initiation of DNA replication at the replication origin, oriC, of Escherichia
      coli. This is demonstrated by the inability of minichromosomes to be maintained
      in dam mutant strains. The requirement for methylated GATC sites is less
      stringent in vitro than in vivo. The time required for complete methylation of
      the origin region apparently determines the minimal spacing of replication forks
      on the chromosome.

PMID- 3891331
TI  - Structure of wild-type and mutant repressors and of the control region of the rbt
      operon of Klebsiella aerogenes.
AB  - Pentitol metabolism in Klebsiella aerogenes is encoded by continuous ribitol
      (rbt) and D-arabitol (dal) operons transcribed in bipolar fashion and sandwiched
      between long stretches of homologous DNA. The operons are separated by a central
      control region (2.2 kb) which encodes both the repressors and all the control
      sequences. The rbt repressor (270 amino acids) shows homology to the Escherichia
      coli lac repressor and other DNA-binding proteins. It is transcribed from the
      strand opposite the rbt operon and the intervening control region (254-bp)
      contains features which reflect the complex regulation. A rbt-constitutive mutant
      strain used in previous studies of experimental enzyme evolution encodes a
      truncated rbt-peptide of 133 residues due to a frameshift mutation.

PMID- 3891332
TI  - The Admassu Teferra memorial lecture. 1985. Basic research: an international
      partnership toward health for all.

PMID- 3891333
TI  - Evaluation of pertinent parameters of a new identification system for non-enteric
      gram-negative rods.
AB  - The API 20 NE (Rapid NFT) system for identification of non-enteric aerobic gram
      negative rods was evaluated using 431 strains of species covered by the
      analytical profile index and previously identified by conventional methods. In an
      analysis of several parameters, 343 (80%) of the strains were identified
      correctly with good to excellent probabilities of positive reactions (80.0
      99.9%), 190 (55%) of these within 24 h; 74 (17%) yielded primary identifications
      with lower probabilities. Only 3% of the strains could not be correctly
      identified. The system is very satisfactory for routine use, but could be
      improved by modified pre-testing of the strains and by including more species in
      the profile index.

PMID- 3891334
TI  - Enterotoxigenicity among Salmonella typhimurium strains isolated in France.
AB  - Twenty strains of Salmonella typhimurium isolated in France from patients with
      diarrhea were tested for enterotoxins and cytotoxic factors by conventional
      bioassays. Eighteen of the strains produced enterotoxins to varying degrees and
      did not react with antisera to Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin.
      Cytotoxic factors were present in two strains. These findings suggest that
      efforts to elucidate the virulence mechanisms of Salmonella spp. isolated in
      different parts of the world should be renewed.

PMID- 3891335
TI  - New insights into the epidemiology, pathogenesis and therapy of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa infections.

PMID- 3891336
TI  - Evolving epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
AB  - The dramatic increase in infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa over the
      last three decades is examined in this review. By virtue of its unique growth
      characteristics, this organism occupies a firm niche in the hospital environment
      where it continues to be a major nosocomial pathogen, with particularly high
      rates of infection in traditionally susceptible patient subpopulations: the
      compromised host, patients with malignancy, cystic fibrosis, burn wounds and
      trauma. In recent years infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become more
      prominent in other patient subpopulations: for example, post-surgical, pediatric
      and dialysis patients, as well as the elderly. A more interesting evolution in
      the epidemiology of infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the
      appearance, often anecdotal, of new manifestations in healthy, non-hospitalized
      hosts e.g. the water-associated syndromes, puncture wounds, drug addiction. The
      need for better data on the prevalence of these infections, the required host
      organism interactions and their practical impact sets an agenda for future
      investigation.

PMID- 3891337
TI  - Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia in neutropenic patients with
      ceftazidime.

PMID- 3891338
TI  - Purification and properties of reconstitutively active nicotinamide nucleotide
      transhydrogenase of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase of Escherichia coli has been
      purified from cytoplasmic membranes by pre-extraction of the membranes with
      sodium cholate and Triton X-100, solubilization of the enzyme with sodium
      deoxycholate in the presence of 1 M potassium chloride, and centrifugation
      through a 1.1 M sucrose solution. The purified enzyme consists of two subunits,
      alpha and beta, of apparent Mr 50000 and 47000. During transhydrogenation between
      NADPH and 3-acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide by both the purified enzyme
      reconstituted into liposomes and the membrane-bound enzyme, a pH gradient is
      established across the membrane as indicated by the quenching of the fluorescence
      of 9-aminoacridine. Treatment of transhydrogenase with N,N'
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide results in an inhibition of proton pump activity and
      transhydrogenation, suggesting that proton translocation and catalytic activities
      are obligatory linked. NADH protected the enzyme against inhibition by N,N'
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, while NADP, and to a lesser extent NADPH, appeared to
      increase the rate of inhibition. [14C]Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide preferentially
      labelled the 50000-Mr subunit of the transhydrogenase enzyme. The presence of an
      allosteric binding site which reacts with NADH, but not with reduced 3
      acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide, has been demonstrated.

PMID- 3891339
TI  - Overproduction of staphylokinase in Escherichia coli and its characterization.
AB  - A recombinant plasmid which directs the overproduction in Escherichia coli of
      staphylokinase from Staphylococcus aureus has been constructed by placing the
      staphylokinase gene, sak, under the control of bacteriophage lambda PR promoter
      in the plasmid. When an E. coli strain having the plasmid was induced, the
      staphylokinase activity in the periplasmic fraction increased about 60-fold and
      the 15.5-kDa protein corresponding to the mature form reached about 25% of the
      periplasmic proteins. At the same time the 18.5-kDa protein corresponding to the
      precursor form was accumulated in the membrane fraction, showing that the
      processing and translocation of the sak gene product were restricted during high
      level of its synthesis. By using this strain, the mature staphylokinase has been
      easily purified to near homogeneity. The purification steps consisted of
      extraction of the periplasmic proteins by osmotic shock and CM-cellulose column
      chromatography. Two species of staphylokinase were identified after CM-cellulose
      column chromatography. Although their isoelectric points and NH2-terminal amino
      acid sequences were different, their specific activities were almost equal. These
      results strongly suggest that the NH2-terminal portion of staphylokinase is not
      important for its activity.

PMID- 3891340
TI  - Postoperative acute cholecystitis: sonographic diagnosis.
AB  - This paper discusses ten patients who developed acute cholecystitis during the
      postoperative period following surgery which did not involve the gall bladder.
      All were examined with ultrasound during the first two weeks after surgery and
      were diagnosed as acute cholecystitis. Six (60%) had complications such as
      empyema, gangrene, perforation, pericholecystic abscess or localized peritonitis;
      four (40%) had no evidence of complications. The authors highlight the importance
      of ultrasound (US) as the technique of choice for a first screening if this
      entity is suspected because of its speed and high diagnostic reliability.

PMID- 3891341
TI  - The cholecystectomy sonographic pseudolesion.
AB  - A frequent right upper quadrant postcholecystectomy pseudolesion is described
      together with the features which distinguish it from true lesions of the region.

PMID- 3891342
TI  - CT and US findings in pancreatic ductal tumours. A report of an unusual case and
      review of the literature.
AB  - Pancreatic cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas are rare tumours usually
      occurring in women. The first symptoms are pain, occasionally associated with a
      palpable tumour in the left upper quadrant, and in rare cases the clinical and
      laboratory findings are suggestive of a pseudocyst. US shows a cystic neoplasm
      with a wall enclosing several polypoid areas. CT allows the diagnosis of the type
      of septa within the cyst and shows the extension of the lesion and calcifications
      into the wall. It also permits the assessment of the probable pathological
      complications associated with the tumour; therefore CT cannot differentiate
      cystadenoma from cystadenocarcinoma. The analysis of these different phenomena is
      based on one observation and a review of the literature.

PMID- 3891343
TI  - Ultrasound-computerized tomography in neonatal encephalic pathology.
AB  - The echoencephalographic examinations of 127 neonates were analysed to verify the
      role of US in the study of neonatal cerebral pathology, and to compare it with
      CT. US was of value in identifying the existence of a cerebral lesion and for
      follow-up. CT was more reliable for the characterization of the lesion and in
      establishing the surgical indications.

PMID- 3891344
TI  - Criteria for choice and use of contrast media in intra-arterial D.S.A.
AB  - The authors investigated the optimal characteristics of contrast media for use in
      intra-arterial DSA. 209 injections in 108 patients were evaluated, most of them
      in the abdominal and peripheral regions. In order to decrease contrast media
      osmolarity and obtain an adequate mixing with blood, contrast media with low
      iodine concentration were injected using the same volumes and flow rates of
      conventional arteriography. Good results were obtained with ionic contrast media,
      100 and 150 mgI/ml. depending on the area investigated. The low concentrations
      allowed the use of ionic agents with an osmolarity very close to that of the non
      ionic contrast media: the pain has been eliminated and the heat sensation
      reduced. Furthermore the comparison with the cost of nonionic agents shows a
      great saving.

PMID- 3891345
TI  - Intravascular studies with iohexol (Omnipaque). Results from the first 49
      clinical trials.
AB  - In order to assess the vascular clinical trial program of iohexol (Omnipaque) in
      Europe, the results from the first 49 vascular trials are collectively reported.
      The included iohexol material comprises 1742 patients. In 40 comparative trials,
      other contrast media like metrizamide (Amipaque), ioxaglate (Hexabrix) and
      various monomeric ionic media were administered in 1292 patients included in this
      analysis. No severe or unexpected adverse reactions related to iohexol were
      encountered. No clinically significant differences in radiographic image quality
      between the media were documented. The overall tolerability of iohexol was
      superior to that of monomeric ionic media and seemed to be as good as that of
      metrizamide.

PMID- 3891346
TI  - Complexity of enzyme release during acute myocardial infarction in a controlled
      study with early nifedipine treatment.
AB  - Fifty-seven consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), admitted
      to a coronary care unit (CCU) within 6 h from onset of symptoms were included in
      the study and randomly allocated to nifedipine treatment or placebo. The 23
      patients in the treatment group received 10 mg nifedipine orally at the onset of
      the study, after 30 min, and then every 6 h. Placebo was given to the 34 patients
      in the control group. The study was double blind. Serum time-activity curves for
      creatine-kinase-MB (CK-MB) and myoglobin (MG) were established from frequent
      determinations. The two patient groups did not differ significantly regarding
      average cumulative MG and CK-MB release. In both groups the range was wide, with
      the largest maximal individual release about 30 times larger than the smallest.
      In most patients the enzyme release occurred stepwise, resulting in two or more
      separate peaks. In the treatment group significantly fewer patients had multiple
      peaks of MG (P less than 0.05) and CK-MB (P less than 0.025) release. The initial
      peaks had a longer duration in the treatment group and total release tended to
      stop earlier. In the control group a highly significant correlation between
      cumulative MG and CK-MB release was obtained, while in the treatment group no
      such correlation was observed. In conclusion, oral administration of nifedipine
      during acute myocardial infarction appears to influence the pattern of enzyme
      release, although no effect on the total cumulative release could be
      demonstrated.

PMID- 3891347
TI  - Efficacy of oral propafenone in chronic ventricular arrhythmias: a placebo
      controlled cross-over exercise study.
AB  - The efficacy of propafenone, a new class I C antiarrhythmic drug, on ventricular
      premature contractions (VPCs) during rest and exercise was assessed during a two
      phase protocol: phase 1, an initial two week placebo controlled double blind
      cross-over assessment; phase 2, an open 3 month follow-up. Twelve consecutive
      patients with symptomatic chronic ventricular arrhythmias and fulfilling other
      inclusion criteria underwent an exercise test and were allocated to either
      propafenone or placebo. During the double blind phase, oral propafenone
      significantly reduced the number of VPCs at rest with the patient supine or
      sitting, during the bicycle ergometer test, and after the exercise test. After 3
      months of treatment a 90 to 100% reduction of VPCs was achieved in 11 patients
      continuing on 600 to 900 mg of propafenone daily. Treatment was stopped in one
      patient during the double blind phase because of drug induced LBBB. A
      prolongation of the PR interval and QRS duration occurred in all patients with
      propafenone doses exceeding 450 mg day-1. Subjective side effects were slight and
      consisted of abnormal taste sensations and minor central nervous symptoms. The
      results suggest that propafenone is an effective drug for the treatment of
      ventricular arrhythmias in selected patients. A-V or intraventricular conduction
      disturbances contraindicate its use.

PMID- 3891348
TI  - Platelet inhibitors versus anticoagulants for prevention of aorto-coronary bypass
      graft occlusion.
AB  - The effects of the antiaggregant substance ticlopidine and of the anticoagulant
      acenocoumarol on patency rates of aorto-coronary bypass grafts were compared in a
      prospective randomized trial. Ticlopidine, 250 mg b.i.d. was administered orally
      from the first postoperative day till angiography, while anticoagulation with
      acenocoumarol was initiated on the second to third postoperative day. Side
      effects of ticlopidine were rare and patient management with the standard dosage
      of this drug was easier than oral anticoagulation. From an initial group of 166
      randomized patients 149 completed the trial by coronary angiography three months
      postoperatively. The 78 patients in the ticlopidine group showed a compliance of
      85%. The average prothrombin time in the 71 patients receiving acenocoumarol was
      26.9%. Detailed statistical analysis of the two study groups revealed no reason
      to doubt the correctness of randomization. Coronary angiography showed an average
      patency rate per patient of 84% with ticlopidine and of 82% with acenocoumarol.
      This and various other measures of graft occlusion did not reveal any substantial
      difference in graft patency of patients receiving ticlopidine or acenocoumarol.
      It is concluded that ticlopidine may well be used instead of anticoagulants for
      prevention of postoperative occlusion of aorto-coronary bypass grafts.

PMID- 3891349
TI  - Scintigraphic detection of vascular and urological complications in the
      transplanted kidney: 133 cases.
AB  - A total of 133 consecutive kidneys, grafted during the past 2 years, were
      followed by scintigraphy. Patterns of prerenal, renal, and postrenal
      complications were recognized. Vascular thrombosis diagnosed by photodeficiency
      of the transplanted kidney was diagnosed and confirmed in 10 patients. Fourteen
      patients having postrenal urological complications (12 leaks and 2 ureteral
      obstructions) were all recognized in the late phase of the scintigraphic study.
      The differentiation between the known parenchymatous causes of anuria was less
      satisfactory. As a whole, all cases were recognized in which the complication was
      due to causes that required surgical intervention.

PMID- 3891350
TI  - Experimental studies on myocardial glucose metabolism of rats with 18F-2-fluoro-2
      deoxy-D-glucose.
AB  - The myocardial uptake of 18F-FDG was investigated under various conditions, and
      compared with brain and tumor uptake as a function of blood glucose level. The
      uptake by the heart of normal feeding rats was rapid and remained essentially
      unchanged up to 2 h after 18F-FDG injection, approximately 3%-4% dose/g tissue.
      On the other hand, the myocardial uptake of fasted rats was significantly lower
      than that of control rats throughout the course of the study, and it was about
      0.3%-0.4% dose/g tissue. Myocardial uptake of 18F-FDG was relatively constant at
      glucose levels under about 120 mg/100 ml and increased steeply at higher blood
      glucose levels. In contrast, brain uptake decreased linearly with increasing
      levels of blood glucose, revealing a strong negative correlation between brain
      uptake of 18F-FDG and blood glucose levels. The tumor uptake pattern remained
      relatively unchanged, irrespective of blood glucose levels. It was revealed that
      the glucose demands of brain, heart, and tumor were entirely different. After a
      glucose load, the myocardial uptake of fasted rats increased only slightly from
      0.4% to 0.6% dose/g tissue, in spite of transitional hyperglycemia. In contrast,
      insulin caused myocardial uptake to increase extraordinarily, although it caused
      a decrease in blood glucose levels.

PMID- 3891351
TI  - 99mTc particle perfusion/99mTc aerosol ventilation imaging using a subtraction
      technique in suspected pulmonary embolism.
AB  - It is generally acknowledged that ventilation-perfusion mismatch is diagnostic of
      pulmonary embolism. Lung ventilation imaging with radioactive gases is a good
      method for the detection of pulmonary embolism, but it is not in widespread use
      because of the limited availability of 81mKr gas and the poor physical properties
      of 133Xe. Aerosols have been proposed, instead of gases for use in lung
      ventilation imaging. As perfusion and ventilation distributions may change very
      rapidly, the two imaging procedures should be done in rapid succession. The
      cheapest way to perform the combined perfusion-ventilation (Q/V) imaging is to
      use 99mTc-labelled macroaggregates and aerosols. In our method the perfusion
      imaging was done first, immediately followed by the ventilation imaging with
      99mTc-labelled aerosols. A computer program was used to subtract the contribution
      of the perfusion from the combined Q/V image so that the pure ventilation image
      alone was obtained. The method was tested in 41 patients with suspected pulmonary
      embolism.

PMID- 3891352
TI  - Complementary roles of immunoscintigraphy and ultrasonography.
AB  - A female patient raised the problem of detection of a primary tumor after
      discovery of multiple nodular, apparently metastatic, lung densifications.
      Immunoscintigraphy using an anti-CEA antibody revealed two hot spots above and to
      the right of the urinary bladder. Ultrasonography showed a right ovarian cyst and
      normal echo texture for the uterus. Surgery confirmed the diagnosis of a right
      ovarian cyst with a macroscopically normal uterus. Pathological examination
      demonstrated adenoacanthomatous involvement of the walls of the ovarian cyst and
      of the uterus. The results of immunoscintigraphy were thus determinant in
      visualizing the expression of CEA by the ovarian cyst and by the uterus and thus
      in suggesting their malignancy.

PMID- 3891353
TI  - Uterine hyperemia simulating rapid urinary excretion.
AB  - Uterine hyperemia in a menstruating adolescent girl was visualized on a renal
      transplant evaluation. This mimicked early excretion into the urinary bladder.

PMID- 3891354
TI  - Extracorporeal microsurgical repair of injured multiple donor kidney arteries
      prior to cadaveric allotransplantation.
AB  - To prevent the complications of ureteral and parenchymal ischemia it is important
      to revascularize all accessory and main branches of the renal arteries in kidney
      transplantation. 11 allografts underwent ex vivo microsurgical repair of injured
      polar arteries prior to allotransplantation, and 1 patient had an in situ repair.
      Three extracorporeal reconstructive techniques are used that are applicable to
      most of the vascular injuries presented by multiple renal arteries. These are
      simple and effective methods that avoid subjecting the allograft to prolonged
      warm ischemia. There were no operative complications, and only one late arterial
      stenosis occurred; five transplants currently are functioning. The 1-year graft
      survival in this group, which is 50%, does not differ significantly from those of
      all transplants (58%). As a result of our policy, 10.5% more allografts were
      utilized.

PMID- 3891355
TI  - Transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - 5 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate, which represent 1.5% of a
      series of 323 consecutive prostatic carcinomas, are presented. The cases with
      possible prostatic involvement by contiguity from a bladder carcinoma as well as
      those tumors with a transitional pattern which contain prostatic acid phosphatase
      in the cellular cytoplasm have been ruled out to make the diagnosis. The mean age
      of the tumoral onset is 70 years with an identical symptomatology to that of the
      adenocarcinoma. In 20% of the cases it is associated with an adenocarcinoma and
      in 40% with a bladder carcinoma without contiguity. The mean survival is 10.6
      months with 60% succumbing within the first 6 months. Our findings agree with all
      authors in considering this type of tumor an urothelial neoplasia.

PMID- 3891356
TI  - Echography in vena cava invasion from renal tumors.
AB  - The last 4 cases of our case series of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with caval or
      cavo-atrial invasion were studied by ultrasonography (US), computerized
      tomography (CT scan), arteriography (AG) and venocavography (VC) (inferior and/or
      superior). A comparison is made with these different methods, with particular
      emphasis on (US). The authors' conclusions are that ultrasound may replace
      anterograde inferior cavography in the evaluation of thrombotic extension and, in
      addition, it seems to be capable of eliminating the false-positives or -negatives
      of this method. AG and VC are no longer necessary to determine the cavo-atrial
      extension of a tumor thrombus from RCC when US and CT scan are available and are
      correctly integrated.

PMID- 3891357
TI  - Combined cytotoxic and endocrine therapy in postmenopausal patients with advanced
      breast cancer. A randomized study of CMF vs CMF plus tamoxifen.
AB  - In this study 263 patients with advanced measurable breast cancer were randomized
      to receive cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) or CMF +
      tamoxifen (T). Each cycle of CMF (C, 100 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-14, M 40 mg/m2 i.v.
      days 1 and 8, F, 600 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 and 8) was repeated every 4 weeks.
      Tamoxifen, 20 mg twice daily, was given continuously. The treatment results have
      been assessed by external review for the 220 evaluable patients and were the
      following for the CMF and CMF + T groups, respectively: PD: 24 and 10%; NC: 27
      and 15%; PR: 29 and 44%; and CR: 20 and 31%. The difference between response (CR
      + PR) rates is highly significant (P = 0.0001). The median duration of remission
      was 12 months in the CMF-treated group and 18 months in patients treated with CMF
      + T (P = 0.09). The median duration of survival was 19 months and 24 months
      respectively (P = 0.07). However, in the group of responders patients receiving
      CMF + T survived significantly longer than those who received CMF alone (32
      months vs 21 months, P = 0.005). The addition of T appeared to be of benefit in
      all subgroups. The largest differences were seen in patients with the dominant
      site of disease in the viscera, in patients with a Karnofsky index of 100, and in
      patients of more than 60 yr of age. The amount of CMF given was identical in the
      two treatment groups and there was a trend toward a decrease in dose with
      increasing age. No relationship between response and dose given was observed. In
      conclusion, the simultaneous use of T and CMF improves the therapeutic results in
      patients with advanced breast cancer.

PMID- 3891358
TI  - Characterization of an extracellular matrix-degrading protease derived from a
      highly metastatic tumor cell line.
AB  - A proteolytic activity associated with the microsomal fraction of L-5178Y/Esb
      tumor cells has been characterized. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 80-90 kD
      as determined by affinity-labelling with [3H]DFP and SDS-gel electrophoresis. It
      cleaves ester substrates at the carboxyl position of lysine and arginine and can
      activate the proenzyme plasminogen. The enzyme is found to be associated with the
      plasma membranes of high and low metastatic tumor cell lines and is shed in high
      molecular-weight form mainly by the high metastatic variant. The pH optimum for
      esterase and protease activities was 7.5-8.5. Although similar to trypsin in
      substrate specificity, the enzyme was not inhibited by lima-bean trypsin
      inhibitor but was inhibited by DFP, PMSF, aprotinin and leupeptin. Partially
      purified preparations of the protease can alone degrade 125I-labelled endothelial
      cell extracellular matrix, pointing at the putative role of this enzyme in tumor
      invasion.

PMID- 3891359
TI  - A clinical trial of aminoglutethimide in advanced postmenopausal breast
      carcinoma: low response in patients previously treated with medroxyprogesterone.
AB  - In an attempt to define the influence of prior hormonal treatments upon
      aminoglutethimide activity in advanced cancer of the breast, 42 heavily
      pretreated postmenopausal patients received aminoglutethimide, 4 X 250 mg daily,
      with hydrocortisone or cortisone. Twenty-six received high doses of
      medroxyprogesterone before entering this study. There was no significant
      difference in patients' characteristics with or without medroxyprogesterone
      pretreatment. A comparison of patients with and without prior medroxyprogesterone
      shows a significant difference in the response rate to aminoglutethimide
      hydrocortisone (4 vs 32%, P = 0.02). In patients pretreated with tamoxifen but
      not with medroxyprogesterone the response rate to aminoglutethimide was 36%.
      These results suggest that aminoglutethimide has a low activity in breast cancer
      patients previously exposed to medroxyprogesterone, an agent with glucocorticoid
      like activity inducing adrenal suppression.

PMID- 3891360
TI  - Serum bactericidal activity as a therapeutic guide in severely granulocytopenic
      patients with gram-negative septicemia.
AB  - The peak and trough levels of bactericidal activity of the serum of 74 severely
      granulocytopenic patients (less than or equal to 500 polymorphonucleates per
      microliter) with hematologic malignancies and Gram-negative septicemia were
      measured using the patient's infectious organism and serum containing the given
      antibiotics. When the peak titer of bactericidal activity in the serum was
      greater than 1:8 the septicemia was cured in more than 90% of the cases. However,
      in order to achieve a satisfactory rate of cure, patients with less than 100
      polymorphonucleates/microliter required higher peak levels than patients with 100
      500 polymorphonucleates/microliter. Serum bactericidal activity was influenced by
      the in vitro susceptibility of the offending pathogen and by the presence of in
      vitro synergism between the given antibiotics. These two variables showed a
      correlation with the clinical outcome that proved to be increasing with the
      degree of granulocytopenia. Furthermore, synergistic combination of the
      antibiotics appeared essential when the in vitro susceptibility shown by the
      offending pathogen was moderate. These data suggest (i) that determination of the
      bactericidal activity of the serum may prove to be a useful method to predict the
      clinical outcome in severely granulocytopenic patients with Gram-negative
      septicemia; and (ii) under the same conditions, antibiotic combinations that have
      demonstrable in vitro synergy against the offending pathogen should be given the
      utmost consideration.

PMID- 3891361
TI  - Nephrotoxicity of 1,1-diaminomethylcyclohexane sulphato platinum II (spiroplatin;
      TNO-6).
AB  - 1,1-Diaminomethylcyclohexane sulphato platinum II (spiroplatin; TNO-6) is a new
      platinum-containing analog used as an antitumor agent. Renal function studies
      were performed in eight patients treated with this drug (30 mg/m2). During and
      after the first spiroplatin infusion there was a decrease in effective renal
      plasma flow (ERPF:P less than 0.05) and an increase in filtration fraction (P
      less than 0.01) without changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), suggesting
      changes in renal hemodynamics. During the same period there was an increase in
      relative N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase excretion (P less than 0.01), pointing
      to tubular cell damage. Also, an increase in relative beta 2-microglobulin
      excretion was established during and after spiroplatin infusion. On day 21 a
      decrease in GFR was found (median 7.4%), together with a decrease in ERPF (median
      11.8%).

PMID- 3891362
TI  - A randomized study of single agent vs combination chemotherapy in FIGO stages
      IIB, III and IV ovarian adenocarcinoma.
AB  - From 1977 until 1980, 179 patients with newly diagnosed FIGO stages IIB, III or
      IV ovarian adenocarcinoma were randomized in a two-armed clinical trial:
      dihydroxybusulfan (B) 600 mg/m2 p.o. for 4-6 weeks q 12 weeks or cyclophosphamide
      (C) 150 mg/m2 p.o. for 7 days q 4 weeks vs a combination of cyclophosphamide 400
      mg/m2 i.v., doxorubicin 30 mg/m2 and 5-fluorouracil 400 mg/m2 i.v., days 1 and 8
      q 4 weeks (CAF). In addition, stage IIB patients were randomised to +/- pelvic
      irradiation. The patients were stratified according to anatomic stage. The
      treatment groups were comparable with respect to performance status, age and
      histology. Twenty-three patients were excluded because of protocol violation,
      leaving 156 patients evaluable for survival with an observation period of 3-6 yr.
      Twenty patients were in stage IIB, while the remaining 136 patients were
      classified as stages III and IV. No statistically significant difference was
      found in survival or response between the two single agents. The overall median
      response rate (single drug: 27%; CAF: 47%) and the median response duration
      (single drug: 5 months; CAF: 10 months) were significantly superior for the CAF
      group compared to the single agent group. No statistical difference in median
      survival was observed between single-drug treatment (12 months) and CAF (14
      months), despite the fact that responders lived significantly longer than
      nonresponders (17 vs 10 months). In stage IIB patients receiving chemotherapy no
      benefit of pelvic irradiation was found. Thirty patients (19%) underwent second
      look laparotomy, with 15 (50%) being completely free of disease. So far only one
      patient (7%) has relapsed. Two additional patients, who had microscopic disease
      removed at second-look laparotomy, seem to have been rescued by this procedure.

PMID- 3891363
TI  - Detection of ovarian cancer by the humoral leukocyte adherence inhibition test
      using a purified tumor-associated antigen.
AB  - The defined, purified ovarian cancer-associated antigen, NB/70K, was used as
      tumor antigen in the humoral leukocyte adherence inhibition (H-LAI) assay. Bell
      shaped dose-response relationships were obtained with increasing concentrations
      of NB/70K and constant serum concentration from ovarian cancer patients. The
      concentrations of NB/70K used in this study were 100-250 times less than what had
      been used in previous H-LAI studies with crude antigen extracts. The response
      rate of ovarian cancer patients was greatly influenced by the stage of the
      disease. Thus 75% (6/8) of the patients with disease restricted to the pelvis
      (stages I and II) reacted while only 20% (5/24) of the patients with more
      advanced stages (stages III and IV) gave response. Of patients with other
      gynecological cancers, 17% (1/6) were positive and only 8% (1/13) of patients
      with other malignant diseases reacted. One of the 11 controls (9%) was found to
      give positive response. The importance of the present investigation was the
      finding that a defined, purified, cancer-associated antigen elicited reactivity
      in the H-LAI assay and that a high sensitivity for detection of early stages of
      ovarian cancer was obtained with this antigen. The results suggest that TAAs
      involved in immune recognition of cancer can be identified by the H-LAI assay.

PMID- 3891364
TI  - Evaluation of an amplified enzyme-linked immunoassay of placental alkaline
      phosphatase in testicular cancer.
AB  - The levels of serum placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) have been examined in
      81 male controls, 51 untreated testicular tumours (41 seminomas and ten non
      seminomatous testicular tumours) and 34 patients in complete remission (11
      seminoma and 23 non-seminoma). Smoking induced a significant rise of serum PLAP
      in the controls, with a median level of 0.055 U/1 in non-smokers compared to 0.25
      U/l in smokers. The levels found in pre-treatment seminoma (median 1.7 U/1) were
      significantly higher than in untreated teratoma (median 0.7 U/1). Treatment
      produced a significant fall in seminomas in remission (median 0.07 U/1). The role
      of PLAP in routine monitoring of seminomas was evaluated in 17 patients studied
      for 1-4 yr. PLAP shows similar trends to beta HCG but is an independent variable.
      The main role of PLAP is to help determine that the response to treatment has
      been satisfactory and that there are no unexpected foci of tumour.

PMID- 3891365
TI  - Massive chemotherapy with non-frozen autologous bone marrow transplantation in 13
      cases of refractory Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - A group of 13 patients with advanced, diffuse Hodgkin's disease, poorly
      responding to the most widely employed primary chemotherapy regimens, were
      treated with massive chemotherapy (MCH) followed by rescue with non-frozen
      autologous bone marrow infusion (ABMT). Complete remission (CR) was obtained in
      8/13 patients (61.5%) and partial remission in two. Hematopoietic recovery
      occurred in 12 cases. These preliminary results would seem to indicate that MCH
      with non-frozen ABMT may be successfully used in patients with resistant or
      relapsed Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3891366
TI  - Cytochemical demonstration of estrogen binding sites in breast cancer by
      estradiol covalently linked to horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - 17 beta-Estradiol-6-carboxymethyloxime was covalently linked to horseradish
      peroxidase for the cytochemical demonstration of estrogen binding sites in breast
      cancer tissue. The affinity of the 17 beta-estradiol-horseradish peroxidase (E2
      HRP) conjugate for the estrogen receptor in a human myometrial cytosol
      preparation was reduced by a factor of about 16 relative to that of 17 beta
      estradiol. The estradiol concentration of the E2-HRP conjugate used in the
      incubations was in the range 2 X 10(-9) -1 X 10(-7) mol/l which, when the reduced
      affinity of the conjugate is taken into account, corresponds to 1 X 10(-10) -7 X
      10(-9) mol/l unbound estradiol. The cytochemical reaction was carried out on
      cytofuge preparations of cell suspensions of breast cancer tissue. The intensity
      of the cytochemical reaction was microscopically evaluated by scoring. The
      results were analyzed in a plot allowing the calculation of an apparent score-max
      and an apparent Kd value. The reaction intensity was reduced to 20-25% of the
      control level by a 20-fold excess of 17 beta-estradiol. The cytochemical results
      correlated positively with the content of estrogen receptors in the cytosol as
      measured by a validated radioligand method.

PMID- 3891367
TI  - Adherence to exercise.

PMID- 3891368
TI  - Augmented information and the acquisition of skill in physical activity.

PMID- 3891369
TI  - Exercise and locomotion for the spinal cord injured.

PMID- 3891370
TI  - Physical conditioning in children with cardiorespiratory disease.

PMID- 3891371
TI  - Fluid shifts during exercise.

PMID- 3891372
TI  - Biomechanics of running.

PMID- 3891373
TI  - The mechanical properties of human muscle.

PMID- 3891374
TI  - Developmental aspects of maximal aerobic power in children.

PMID- 3891375
TI  - Sport subcultures.

PMID- 3891376
TI  - The influence of altered blood volume and oxygen transport capacity on aerobic
      performance.

PMID- 3891377
TI  - Muscle blood flow during locomotory exercise.
AB  - Mammalian skeletal muscles are composed of three primary muscle fiber types, FOG,
      FG, and SO. These fiber types are distributed within and among muscles in
      predictable patterns. Current data indicate that blood flows to inactive muscles
      composed of the various fiber types are approximately equal. Total muscle blood
      flow increases when the animal stands up. When maintaining posture (standing),
      the muscular force is provided by the SO fibers. These fibers receive the highest
      blood flows under these conditions. When the animal walks the SO fibers remain
      active and the additional muscular force is provided by FOG fibers. The increased
      muscle blood flow during exercise is primarily directed to the active FOG fibers.
      At fast running speeds, FG fibers are additionally recruited and blood flow
      increases in muscle areas composed of FG fibers. However, the FG blood flows per
      gram of tissue are much less than in the oxidative muscles. Thus, muscle blood
      flow is primarily directed to the active high oxidative muscle fibers within and
      among the muscles during normal activities. Much is known about factors believed
      to link blood flow to metabolism in skeletal muscle and about the reflex control
      of skeletal muscle vascular beds. However, the mechanisms responsible for blood
      flow control during locomotory exercise are yet to be established. It appears
      that the different muscle fiber types may have qualitatively similar blood flow
      control mechanisms with quantitative differences in relation to each fiber type.
      The capacity for blood flow in skeletal muscle is related to the oxidative
      potential of the muscles. Blood flows in high-oxidative muscles may reach 400-600
      ml/min/100 g, which is considerably higher than the commonly accepted values for
      maximal muscle blood flow. Also, muscle blood flows are higher during locomotory
      exercise in conscious animals than in in situ electrical stimulation experiments.
      Chronic exercise training does not appear to change total muscle blood flow
      during locomotory exercise. However, the distribution of blood flow within and
      among muscles changes so that the deep red muscle fibers have higher flows during
      exercise. While data exist suggesting that blood flow capacity is increased with
      exercise training, this remains controversial.

PMID- 3891378
TI  - Multicentre comparison between slow-release furosemide and bendroflumethiazide in
      congestive heart failure.
AB  - The effects of slow-release furosemide and bendroflumethiazide in the ambulatory
      treatment of mild to moderate congestive heart failure were compared in a
      controlled multicentre study using a randomized, double-blind procedure. In the
      first trial, slow-release furosemide 60 mg daily was compared with 2.5 mg
      bendroflumethiazide; in the second trial the daily doses were 30 mg and 2.5 mg,
      respectively. There were 47 patients in Trial I and 39 in Trial II. The
      randomised allocation to the treatment regimen was made after a four-week period
      on bendroflumethiazide 2.5 mg daily, and treatment was continued for 12 weeks.
      Clinical and laboratory data were recorded before, during and at the end of the
      trial. Adverse effects were few and minor in both medication groups, and there
      were no significant intergroup differences. It was concluded slow-release
      furosemide 30 mg or 60 mg daily was as effective as bendroflumethiazide 2.5 mg
      daily for maintenance treatment in mild to moderate congestive heart failure.

PMID- 3891379
TI  - High-dose methylprednisolone sodium succinate (pulse therapy) in the treatment of
      renal disease: plasma and urine concentrations.
AB  - Methylprednisolone hemisuccinate (MPS) and methylprednisolone (MP) concentrations
      in plasma and urine were monitored in renal transplant and glomerulonephritis
      patients who were given i.v. infusions of 0.5 g or 1 g of MPS. A marked
      individual variation of peak plasma levels of both MPS and MP was observed after
      the same dose and MPS disappeared from plasma more rapidly than MP. Their
      clearances from the circulation, however, did not appear to be significantly
      influenced by the peak plasma levels of the drug, creatinine clearance,
      administration of previous pulses of MPS or the urinary excretion of unconjugated
      MPS and MP. Even in patients with profoundly reduced renal function, no
      accumulation of the drug was apparent when repeated doses of MPS were
      administered at 48-h intervals.

PMID- 3891380
TI  - Effect of intracoronary captopril on coronary blood flow and regional myocardial
      function in dogs.
AB  - To evaluate the cardiac effect of an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme,
      the effect of intracoronary (i.c.) captopril on coronary blood flow and regional
      myocardial function was examined in the anesthetized open-chest dog. Blood flow
      of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX), left ventricular pressure (LVP),
      aortic pressure (AoP) and regional myocardial segment length were measured
      continuously. Captopril i.v. (0.3 mg/kg) produced an immediate reduction in AoP
      and an increase in percent shortening of myocardial segments followed by a
      decrease in coronary vascular resistance and increases in heart rate and LVdP/dt.
      Reductions in LCX flow induced by i.c. angiotensin were attenuated and i.c.
      bradykinin-induced increases in LCX flow were augmented after captopril. On the
      contrary, i.c. infusion of captopril (0.01 mg/min) into the LCX caused no change
      in hemodynamic variables and myocardial shortening although responses to
      angiotensin I and bradykinin were markedly modified. These results suggest that
      captopril may have no direct cardiac effect.

PMID- 3891381
TI  - Acetylcholine release in the cat caudate nucleus measured with the choline
      oxidase method.
AB  - A chemiluminescent assay for the estimation of acetylcholine (ACh) was used to
      measure ACh release in caudate nuclei (CN) of halothane-anaesthetized cats
      implanted with push-pull cannulae. The validity of the entire experimental
      approach used was shown by the fact that ACh release was calcium-dependent and
      was increased by depolarizing agents (potassium ions, veratridine) as well as by
      atropine. The effects of GABA (10(-5) M, 30 min) unilateral application into the
      ventralis medialis and ventralis lateralis thalamic nuclei on ACh release in both
      CN were then examined. This treatment, known to increase DA release bilaterally,
      decreased ACh release in both CN. These data further reveal the role of thalamic
      nuclei in the bilateral regulation of the activity of neurons identified within
      the basal ganglia and are discussed in the light of the well-known inhibitory
      influence of nigrostriatal DA neurons on striatal cholinergic neurons.

PMID- 3891382
TI  - Comparative effects of opiate agonists on proximal and distal colonic motility in
      dogs.
AB  - The colonic motility index was measured in dogs, by using strain-gauge
      transducers, before and after administration of opiate agonists. Fentanyl, a mu
      compound, ethylketazocine (EKC), a kappa-compound, and [D-Ala2,Leu5]enkephalin
      (DADLE), a delta-agonist, were administered by intravenous (i.v.) or intrathecal
      (i.t.) routes. Fentanyl (2-10 nmol X kg-1 i.v.) induced a dose-related period of
      hyperactivity characterized by an increase in both tone and frequency of
      contractions in the distal portion of the colon, whereas a period of hypomotility
      following a short-lived period of increased activity was elicited on the proximal
      colon. Fentanyl (0.1, 0.2 nmol X kg-1 i.t.) had inhibitory effects on both
      proximal and distal colon. Small doses of EKC (2-4 nmol X kg-1) administered i.t.
      or larger doses (20-40 nmol X kg-1 i.v.) inhibited colonic motility for a dose
      related duration, the effects of EKC being more marked on the distal colon than
      on the proximal colon. The administration of DADLE, 1-2 nmol X kg-1 i.t., and 40
      20 nmol X kg-1 i.v., inhibited and stimulated the colonic contractions,
      respectively, in both proximal and distal colon. The results demonstrated that
      the colonic opiate-mediated responses may vary according to the route of
      administration, the portion of the colon studied and the opioid agonist used.
      Opiate agonists when administered centrally show a tendency to modulate colonic
      activity in a similar way whatever the type of agonist.

PMID- 3891383
TI  - Effects of platelet-derived growth factor on Ca2+ in 3T3 cells.
AB  - The effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on cellular Ca2+ was examined
      in BALB/c-3T3 cells. PDGF induced: A decrease in cell 45Ca2+ content. An apparent
      increased rate of efflux of preloaded 45Ca2+. A decrease in residual
      intracellular 45Ca2+ remaining after rapid efflux. When added after the rapid
      phase of efflux of 45Ca2+ had occurred, an immediate decrease in post-efflux
      residual intracellular 45Ca2+. All of the observed changes in 45Ca2+ induced by
      PDGF are consistent with a rapid release of Ca2+ from an intracellular Ca2+ pool
      that has the slowest efflux and is relatively inaccessible to extracellular EDTA.
      When incubated with chlortetracycline (CTC), a fluorescent Ca2+ probe, 3T3 cell
      mitochondria became intensely fluorescent. Addition of PDGF resulted in a rapid
      decrease in CTC fluorescence intensity in both adherent and suspended 3T3 cells.
      The effects of PDGF on 3T3 cell Ca2+ stores and CTC fluorescence intensity were
      identical with the effects of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 and of the proton
      ionophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone. Serum, which contains PDGF,
      also altered intracellular Ca2+ stores, but platelet-poor plasma, which does not
      contain PDGF, had no effect. EGF, insulin, and tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate
      (TPA), other factors which stimulate 3T3 cell growth, did not alter 3T3 cell Ca2+
      stores. Release of Ca2+ from intracellular sequestration sites may be a mechanism
      by which PDGF stimulates cell growth.

PMID- 3891384
TI  - Early stimulation of ATP turnover induced by growth factors. Synergistic effect
      of EGF and insulin and correlation with DNA synthesis.
AB  - Addition of a mixture of EGF + insulin to quiescent cell cultures synergistically
      stimulates the cells to reinitiate DNA synthesis and cell division. We have
      previously demonstrated that this mixture rapidly increases ATP turnover in
      quiescent cells. The present work shows that each of the two growth factors, EGF
      and insulin, when added separately to quiescent cells was able to stimulate the
      phosphorylation of the organic acid-soluble compounds (Po) pool and ATP turnover.
      The stimulation of ATP turnover was closely correlated with the increase in
      phosphorylation of the Po pool which suggests that Po labelling reflects the ATP
      turnover. In many experiments, the synergy between the two growth factors on the
      early increase in phosphorylation of the Po pool was clearly shown. Doubling the
      concentration of EGF (12-24 ng/ml) or insulin (50-100 ng/ml) did not increase
      early stimulation of phosphorylation of the Po pool, whereas simultaneous
      addition of the two growth factors induced a greater stimulation than that of
      each growth factor separately added. The augmentation in Po labelling after
      addition of EGF or insulin alone was transient. The synergistic effect of the two
      growth factors was more significant when determined 150 or 300 min after growth
      factor addition. In our experimental conditions, each of the two growth factors,
      EGF and insulin, was able to induce a stimulation of DNA synthesis. However, the
      best stimulatory effect was observed with the mixture of the two which
      synergistically increased DNA synthesis determined between 6 and 24 h after
      growth-factor addition. The comparison between DNA replication and Po labelling
      suggests a correlation between the increase in DNA replication and in the total
      ATP synthesized in the first 5 h after cell stimulation by growth factors added
      separately or in combination.

PMID- 3891385
TI  - Spatial interrelationships between proteoglycans and extracellular matrix
      proteins in cell cultures.
AB  - Immunolabelling of cultured cells for chondroitin-sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG), in
      conjunction with antibodies to fibronectin, collagen and laminin, revealed the
      spatial interrelationships between the different matrix components. CSPG was
      organized in two major forms. Fibronectin-independent dotted patterns of CSPG
      were detected on the substrate and cell surfaces at early stages after plating.
      At later stages, however, significant overlapping was found between the two
      extracellular matrix components. Immunoelectron microscopic examination indicated
      that the CSPG was organized as granules of varying sizes which were associated
      with the cell surface, the substrate, or with the periphery of the fibronectin
      network.

PMID- 3891386
TI  - Immunofluorescence studies on cartilage matrix synthesis. The synthesis of link
      protein, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan monomer and type II collagen.
AB  - A comparison of the synthesis and deposition of fibrous type II collagen and the
      constituents of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) aggregates, CSPG monomer
      and link protein, was made for chicken sternal chondrocytes in culture, using
      simultaneous double immunofluorescence and lectin localization. Chondrocytes
      deposited only CSPG constituents--and not type II collagen--into the
      extracellular matrix (ECM). Intracellular precursors of CSPG monomer were
      localized primarily in perinuclear regions, but were observed in other
      cytoplasmic vesicles as well. Link protein antibodies stained the same
      intracellular structures, but stained the perinuclear cytoplasm less intensely.
      In contrast, type II procollagen was distributed in vesicles throughout the
      cytoplasm and was clearly absent from the distinctive, CSPG precursor-containing
      vesicles. Fluorescence-labelled lectins were used to further identify
      intracellular membrane compartments. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and Ricinus
      lectins (which recognize carbohydrates added in the Golgi) stained the
      perinuclear cytoplasm, while concanavalin A (conA) (which recognizes mannose-rich
      oligosaccharides added co-translationally) stained vesicles throughout the rest
      of the cytoplasm and not the perinuclear cytoplasm. The distinctive CSPG
      containing vesicles were not stained with WGA or Ricinus agglutinins. Data
      presented elsewhere demonstrate that the vesicles do not react with monoclonal
      antibodies which recognize chondroitin sulfate (CS) or keratan sulfate (KS)
      determinants. Thus, we conclude that the vesicles accumulate CSPG precursors
      which have not been modified by Golgi-mediated processes. The data indicate that
      matrix molecules may be segregated selectively prior to transit through the Golgi
      complex. The co-distribution of link protein and CSPG monomer precursors in
      vesicles prior to further, Golgi-mediated modification may reflect an as yet
      undetermined function of these vesicles in the processing or assembly of CSPG.

PMID- 3891387
TI  - Cell interaction with the extracellular matrices produced by endothelial cells
      and fibroblasts.
AB  - The extracellular matrices (ECM) produced by cultured bovine corneal endothelial
      cells and chick embryo fibroblasts were compared for their induction of cell
      attachment, proliferation and differentiation. The corneal endothelial ECM (cECM)
      induced a comparable and rapid attachment and flattening of both human Ewing's
      sarcoma and colon carcinoma cells which utilize fibronectin and laminin as
      adhesive glycoproteins, respectively. In contrast, the ECM produced by
      fibroblasts (fECM) readily supported the attachment and flattening of Ewing's
      sarcoma cells but had only a small effect on the carcinoma cells. Vascular
      endothelial cells were stimulated to proliferate by both types of matrices, but
      to a lesser extent by the fECM. In contrast, the formation of a closely apposed,
      non-overlapping and contact-inhibited endothelial cell monolayer was only
      dictated by the cECM. Vascular endothelial cells cultured on fECM grew on top of
      each other and incorporated [3H]thymidine even late at confluency. Neurite
      outgrowth (ciliary ganglion cells) and network formation (adult rat
      oligodendrocytes) were promoted by both types of matrices but in a more
      consistent manner with the cECM. It is likely that the small amounts of laminin
      deposited by chick embryo fibroblasts into their ECM are responsible for its
      efficient induction of neurite outgrowth and for the limited degree of carcinoma
      cell attachment and flattening. It is thus demonstrated that differences in
      chemical composition and supramolecular arrangement between cECM and fECM result
      not only in differences in the attachment, spreading and proliferative responses
      of cells but also in the expression of their characteristic morphological
      appearance and differentiated functions.

PMID- 3891388
TI  - Assignment of the structural gene for subunit M1 of human ribonucleotide
      reductase to the short arm of chromosome 11.
AB  - By using a species-specific monoclonal antibody that recognizes subunit M1 of
      ribonucleotide reductase from human but not hamster origin, we have been able to
      assign the structural gene for the human protein M1 to the short arm of
      chromosome 11. Protein extracts from a panel of human-Chinese hamster somatic
      cell hybrids were subjected to electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)
      denaturating polyacrylamide gels, and then transferred and coupled covalently to
      diazobenzyloxymethyl paper. These were screened for human protein M1 by
      incubation with the mouse monoclonal anti-M1 antibody AD 203, followed by rabbit
      anti-mouse IgG, 125I-labelled Staphylococcus protein A and finally
      autoradiography. In all tested hybrids the detection of human protein M1 was
      correlated with the presence of chromosome 11, specifically with the short arm of
      this chromosome. This region also contains the human genes for insulin, insulin
      like growth factor II, and the c-Harvey-ras 1 oncogene.

PMID- 3891389
TI  - Identification of dipeptidyl peptidase IV as a protein shared by the plasma
      membrane of hepatocytes and liver biomatrix.
AB  - The histotypic organization of liver parenchyma involves specific intercellular
      contacts and interaction of hepatocytes with supporting biomatrix. Evidence from
      this laboratory identified a peptide (Hep105, apparent Mr 105 000) that is shared
      by the plasma membrane of rat hepatocytes and rat liver biomatrix. This report
      identifies Hep105 as a peptide component of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV; EC
      3.4.14.-). A monoclonal antibody (MAb 236.3) was shown to immunoprecipitate DPPIV
      from non-ionic detergent extracts of surface-labeled 125I hepatocytes. The
      immunoprecipitate contained two 125I-labeled peptides: Hep105 and a peptide of
      apparent Mr 150000 (Hep150). Proteolysis of 125I-labeled Hep105 and Hep150 by
      Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease yielded essentially identical patterns of 125I
      labeled peptide degradation products, indicating that Hep105 and Hep150 are
      structurally related. Only Hep150 exhibited DPPIV activity on transblot analysis,
      an observation that is consistent with the interpretation that it is the
      monomeric form of the enzyme. Heating (100 degrees C, 5 min) of purified Hep150
      in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) resulted in its conversion to
      Hep105 and the disappearance of any demonstrable enzymatic activity. 3H-labeled
      diisopropyl fluorophosphate was incorporated into Hep105, indicating that Hep105
      contains the active site for DPPIV. Purified rat liver biomatrix was shown to
      possess significant DPPIV activity. Taken together, these data indicate that
      Hep105 s a peptide component of DPPIV.

PMID- 3891390
TI  - Factors controlling the appearance of the immunofluorescent nuclear dots revealed
      with monoclonal antibody against microtubule-associated protein-1.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody raised against microtubule-associated protein-1 (MAP-1)
      binds to nuclei of normal human fibroblasts, its binding site being detected as
      intranuclear immunofluorescent dots. The percentage of cells showing these dots
      increased with insulin, hydrocortisone, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and
      transferrin in serum-free medium, their effects decreasing in this order. The
      appearance of dots induced by serum or insulin plus hydrocortisone was dependent
      on the Ca2+ concentration of the medium. The Ca2+ ionophore A23187 increased the
      rate of appearance of cells containing dots. Conversely, the calmodulin inhibitor
      W-7 blocked their appearance and decreased the number of cells containing dots.
      The dose-response curves of W-7 for inhibition of the appearance of dots and of
      DNA synthesis were essentially identical. These results suggest that the
      appearance of intranuclear MAP-1 antigen is controlled mainly by insulin, Ca2+
      and calmodulin and is associated with DNA replication.

PMID- 3891391
TI  - In vitro analysis of corneal development with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Anti-corneal monoclonal antibodies, highly selective for corneal stromal and
      corneal epithelial components, were used to immunohistochemically evaluate
      differentiation of intact embryonic chick corneas grown in organ culture in the
      presence or absence of an associated lens. It was observed that both epithelial
      and stromal components of 5-day corneas initiated expression of their antigens,
      irrespective of the presence of a lens. This was unlike previous results obtained
      when 5-day lens-less corneas were explanted to the chorioallantoic membrane, a
      condition under which epithelial differentiation ensued but stromal
      differentiation did not. Possibly, in organ culture, the filter support may
      replace the lens as a substratum for cell migration of neural crest-derived
      pericorneal mesenchymal cells into the primary corneal stroma. In 5-day organ
      cultures with lenses, cellular migration into the primary corneal stroma seems to
      be largely inhibited (also unlike previous results on the chorioallantoic
      membrane), but mesenchymal cells which had accumulated at the periphery of the
      eye did express the differentiation antigen.

PMID- 3891392
TI  - Glial cell component in retinoblastoma.
AB  - The right eye of a 4-month-old girl with a large, unilateral, sporadic
      retinoblastoma was enucleated. The tumor was unusual because it contained Flexner
      Wintersteiner rosettes with extremely large lumina. Smaller rosettes and
      undifferentiated tumor cells were observed within the lumina. Also of importance
      were cells resembling glial cells which were intermixed with more typical
      cuboidal retinoblastoma cells. These cells had electron microscopic features
      typical of glial cells and stained positively for glial fibrillary acidic protein
      in immunohistochemical studies. Rosettes and glial cells continued to be observed
      in the tumor carried in tissue culture through two passages over a 7-month
      period. This tumor is presented because of its unusual rosette structures and
      because it confirms recent reports describing a glial cell component in
      retinoblastoma.

PMID- 3891393
TI  - Endotoxin-induced ocular inflammation increases prostaglandin E2 synthesis by
      rabbit lens.
AB  - Twenty-four hours after the intravitreal injection of 0.1-100 ng of Escherichia
      coli endotoxin into one eye of the New Zealand white rabbit, lenses from the
      inflamed eyes synthesized significantly more prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) than their
      contralateral, control lenses at all doses of endotoxin greater than 0.1 ng. PGE2
      elevations were also seen in the aqueous and vitreous humors from inflamed eyes.
      Lenses did not synthesize 6-keto-PGF1alpha (a stable metabolite of PGI2).
      Incubation of untreated lenses with 1 microgram ml-1 of endotoxin for 24 h did
      not increase PGE2 production. These results indicate that rabbit lens can
      synthesize PGE2, that this synthesis is significantly increased 24 hr after the
      intravitreal infusion of E. coli endotoxin, and that this increased PGE2
      synthesis is most likely not due to a direct action of endotoxin on the lens.

PMID- 3891394
TI  - Separation of bovine pigmented ciliary epithelial cells by density gradient and
      further characterization in culture.
AB  - Dissociated pigmented epithelial (PE) cells from ciliary processes (CP) of bovine
      eyes were separated by isopycnic centrifugation in metrizamide gradients and
      further cultivated. The level of cellular contamination during separation of PE
      by non-pigmented epithelial (NPE) cells was estimated to be 5-10% and by non
      epithelial cells (i.e. endothelial, fibroblasts and blood cells) less than 1%.
      Bovine PE cells were found to have different serum requirements than NPE to grow
      in vitro. PE cells were actively stimulated to proliferate in the presence of
      fetal calf serum for a few generations. Short-term culture of NPE was only
      obtained in media containing a low concentration of L-tyrosine and no serum. Two
      morphological markers, namely desmosomes and intermediate-sized filaments (IF) of
      the vimentin type, were found by immunolabeling to be coexpressed in cultured PE
      and were used as criteria to define the epithelial identity of these cells. The
      present study was unable to detect any tyrosinase activity in cultured PE cells.

PMID- 3891395
TI  - Electron microscopic study of the rat liver after its orthotopic and auxiliary
      syngeneic transplantation.
AB  - Results of electron microscopic studies on orthotopic and auxiliary syngeneic
      liver transplants in rats are presented. Examinations were performed about 50 d
      after both types of liver transplantation. The results obtained in auxiliary
      transplants in the form of collagenisation within intracellular and Disse's
      spaces, focal hepatocyte degeneration, the appearance of numerous myelin
      structures in the form of membranes, and increase in number of microvilli on the
      hepatocyte surface together with their elongated shape indicate a disadvantageous
      influence of the host's liver on the transplant. In orthotopically transplanted
      livers only proliferation of biliary canaliculi and degeneration of hepatocytes
      at low grade were observed.

PMID- 3891396
TI  - Ultrastructural morphometric examinations on the protection provided by
      prostacyclin against myocardial ischaemia.
AB  - Myocardial ischaemia in the dog lasting for three hours is followed by swellings
      of the mitochondria and dilatation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The volume
      density (Vv) of mitochondria in the peripheral ischaemia zone is 0.2890, that of
      sarcoplasmic reticulum is 0.0101. Prostacyclin was administered either i.v. or by
      triggering in conjunction with an intra-aortic balloon pump which led to an
      increase in the volume density of the mitochondria, mainly as a result of an
      increase in the volume of average mitochondria. The dilatation of the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum is reversed. It was not possible to prove in our
      investigations that prostacyclin provides protection against myocardial
      ischaemia.

PMID- 3891398
TI  - Trypanosoma cruzi: metabolic labeling of trypomastigote sialoglycolipids.
AB  - Trypomastigote forms (infective) of Trypanosoma cruzi incorporate (3H)-palmitic
      acid and D-(3H)-galactose into glycolipids. Palmitic acid-labeled acidic
      glycolipids were partially hydrolyzed with neuraminidase. The labeling of these
      compounds when the intact cell surface was labeled with galactose oxidase plus
      NaB3H4 indicates the membrane location of the sialoglycolipids.

PMID- 3891397
TI  - Enzymatic reduction of fatty acids and acyl-CoAs to long chain aldehydes and
      alcohols.
AB  - The properties of enzymatic systems involved in the synthesis of long chain
      aldehydes and alcohols have been reviewed. Fatty acid and acyl-CoA reductases are
      widely distributed and generate fatty alcohols for ether lipid and wax ester
      synthesis as well as fatty aldehydes for bacterial bioluminescence. Fatty alcohol
      is generally the major product of fatty acid reduction in crude or membrane
      systems, although reductases which release fatty aldehydes as products have also
      been purified. The reduction of fatty acid proceeds through the ATP-dependent
      formation of acyl intermediates such as acyl-CoA and acyl protein, followed by
      reduction to aldehyde and alcohol with NAD(P)H. In most cases, both the rate of
      fatty acid conversion and acyl chain specificity of the reaction are determined
      at the level of reduction of the intermediate. The reduction of fatty acids
      represents the major pathway for the control of the synthesis of fatty aldehydes
      and alcohols. Several other enzymatic reactions involved in lipid degradation
      also release fatty aldehydes but do not appear to play an important role in long
      chain alcohol synthesis.

PMID- 3891399
TI  - Edith Bulbring.

PMID- 3891400
TI  - Selectivity in sympathetic innervation during development and regeneration in the
      rat.

PMID- 3891401
TI  - Advances in the understanding of transmembrane ionic gradients and permeabilities
      in smooth muscle obtained by using ion-selective micro-electrodes.

PMID- 3891403
TI  - Arterial prostaglandins and lysosomal function during atherogenesis. I.
      Homogenates of diet-induced atherosclerotic aortas of rabbit.
AB  - Homogenates of control and diet-induced atherosclerotic aortas of rabbit were
      prepared and the levels of DNA, protein, free and esterified cholesterol, and six
      enzymes known to be associated with various subcellular organelles [N-acetyl-beta
      glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase (lysosomes); cytochrome oxidase
      (mitochondria); neutral alpha-glucosidase (endoplasmic reticulum); 5'
      nucleotidase (plasma membrane); catalase (peroxisomes)] were compared between
      control and atherosclerotic preparations. The levels of prostaglandins I2, E2,
      and F2 alpha, based on DNA, also were measured by radioimmunoassay.
      Atherosclerotic aortas were significantly enriched in catalase activity (440%)
      and in each of the acid hydrolases (395 and 630%), based on DNA, as well as in
      free (630%) and esterified cholesterol (930%), based on tissue wet weight,
      compared to control aortas. The control level of prostaglandin I2 was 10-fold
      higher than that of prostaglandin E2, which was 3-fold higher than that of
      prostaglandin F 2 alpha. Prostaglandin I2 doubled in amount with advanced
      atherosclerosis, while prostaglandin E2 increased over 10-fold, resulting in
      twice the amount of prostaglandin I2 than E2 in advanced atherosclerosis; the
      level of prostaglandin F2 alpha did not appear to change significantly with
      atherosclerosis. Increased levels of prostaglandins I2 and E2 were correlated
      significantly with increased aortic total cholesterol content (based on DNA) but
      not increased serum cholesterol levels. N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity
      also was correlated significantly to aortic total cholesterol content and beta
      galactosidase activity, as well as to the level of prostaglandin I2; in contrast,
      N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase was not significantly correlated to prostaglandin
      E2. The association of prostaglandins I2 and E2 with aortic total cholesterol
      suggests the participation of prostaglandins in the response of arterial cells to
      lipid accumulation in atherosclerosis. The specific association of aortic
      prostaglandin I2 level and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity further
      suggests a possible role for this prostaglandin during arterial intralysosomal
      cholesterol accumulation.

PMID- 3891404
TI  - Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 3-(2-arylvinylen)-2-isoxazolines.
AB  - 3-[2-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)vinylen]-2-isoxazoline (VIII) and 3-nitro-, 3-amino- and 3
      acylaminostyryl-2-isoxazolines have been synthesized and tested for antibacterial
      activity. Compound (VIII) showed potent antibacterial activity in vitro against
      several strains of S. aureus and E. coli (two to eight times more active than
      furazolidone). None of the styryl derivatives exhibited significant activity.

PMID- 3891402
TI  - The use of subcellular membrane fractions in analysis of control of smooth muscle
      function.

PMID- 3891405
TI  - Changes in the composition of membrane phospholipids during the cell cycle of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Phospholipid concentrations have been estimated throughout the successive cell
      cycle in synchronously growing culture of E. coli B/r. Total phospholipid
      phosphorus was shown to be doubled in the period of time between two cell
      divisions, whereas during the division itself it did not change.
      Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) exhibit a stepwise
      increase during the cell cycle. It should be noted that the phase of accumulation
      of these lipids could shift depending on the duration of the cell cycle. The fall
      in level of PE was followed by a short-term increase (5-10 min). At the same time
      the level of cardiolipin was observed to be significantly increased.

PMID- 3891406
TI  - Fine structure of the 30 S ribosomal subunit.
AB  - Elongated hollow strands were revealed on raw images and averaged by the
      correlation method images of the 30 S subunit of the E. coli ribosome negatively
      stained by uranyl acetate. The tentative three-dimensional arrangement of the
      'strands' and their nature are discussed.

PMID- 3891407
TI  - Complete amino acid sequence of bovine colostrum low-Mr cysteine proteinase
      inhibitor.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of bovine colostrum cysteine proteinase
      inhibitor was determined by sequencing native inhibitor and peptides obtained by
      cyanogen bromide degradation, Achromobacter lysylendopeptidase digestion and
      partial acid hydrolysis of reduced and S-carboxymethylated protein. Achromobacter
      peptidase digestion was successfully used to isolate two disulfide-containing
      peptides. The inhibitor consists of 112 amino acids with an Mr of 12787. Two
      disulfide bonds were established between Cys 66 and Cys 77 and between Cys 90 and
      Cys 110. A high degree of homology in the sequence was found between the
      colostrum inhibitor and human gamma-trace, human salivary acidic protein and
      chicken egg-white cystatin.

PMID- 3891408
TI  - Insulin receptor kinase in human skeletal muscle.
AB  - Receptor-associated protein kinase activity has been shown in all primary target
      tissues of insulin action in the rat and a function of insulin receptor
      phosphorylation in signal transmission was proposed. Insulin receptor
      phosphorylation so far has not been demonstrated in human target tissues of
      insulin. We describe here insulin receptor kinase activity in human skeletal
      muscle. Insulin (10(-8) mol/l) stimulates the phosphorylation of a 95-kDa protein
      from skeletal muscle 2-fold. The phosphoprotein is quantitatively
      immunoprecipitated with insulin receptor antibody identifying it as the beta
      subunit of the insulin receptor. The insulin stimulation of phosphorylation is
      detectable also at physiological insulin concentrations (10(-9) mol/l) showing
      that receptor phosphorylation could be involved in insulin action in human
      skeletal muscle as well.

PMID- 3891409
TI  - Regularities in formation of the spine of hydration in the DNA minor groove and
      its influence on the DNA structure.
AB  - Computer calculations as well as an analysis of space-filling models and
      literature data allowed the following conclusions to be made: an ordered spine of
      water in the DNA minor groove, similar to that revealed in the CGCGAATTCGCG
      crystal, seems to exist in DNA crystals, fibers and solutions; it is shown that
      this spine may be formed on A/T runs containing no TA step while on the TA step
      the spine is disrupted; the existence of this spine changes the double helix
      structure stabilizing a definite DNA conformation; the spine of hydration makes
      the DNA more stable to conformational transitions. These conclusions permit us to
      interpret a large body of experimental data on DNA crystals, fibers and
      solutions. The role of water bridges constituting the first hydration shell of
      the ordered spine of water is discussed in connection with the B-to-A transition.

PMID- 3891410
TI  - Histone H5 and H1 cross-reacting material is restricted to erythroid cells in
      chicken.
AB  - Monoclonal H5 antibodies and a polyclonal antiserum, raised against the globular
      domain of chicken H5 (GH5) but which cross-reacts with histone H1(0) from mouse
      liver, were used to search for H5 or H1 (0)-like proteins in chicken embryo and
      adult tissue sections by indirect immunofluorescence. Chicken cell lines in
      culture were examined for H5 protein and H5 mRNA. Histone H5 was detected only in
      erythroid cells in tissue sections of chicken embryos or adult livers. H5 protein
      and H5 mRNA were found only in erythroid cells in culture. No cross-reacting
      proteins were detected in any other tissue or cell line examined.

PMID- 3891411
TI  - Primary structure of porcine Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase from porcine
      erythrocytes has been determined. Comparison of the sequence with that of the
      bovine enzyme shows an overall high degree of homology with conservation of the
      crucial residues and the presence of two regions prone to variation. In one of
      these hypervariable regions the insertion of one residue with respect to the
      bovine enzyme and evidence of structural microheterogeneity has been observed. On
      the basis of the three-dimensional structure of the bovine enzyme no obvious
      relationship is apparent between a specific amino acid replacement and the unique
      pH-dependence pattern of the activity of the porcine enzyme.

PMID- 3891412
TI  - The treatment of malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3891413
TI  - Long-term effects on the immune system following local irradiation for breast
      cancer. Pokeweed mitogen induced immunoglobulin secretion by blood lymphocytes
      and serum immunoglobulin levels.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that the PWM driven immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion by
      blood lymphocytes in vitro is reduced shortly after local radiation therapy for
      breast cancer. In this investigation we have examined the long-term effects of
      radiation therapy (45 Gy) on this lymphocyte function. A total of 111 disease
      free patients treated for operable breast cancer 5-6 and 10-11 years earlier were
      examined. The Ig classes studied were IgM, IgA and IgG. All patients belonged to
      a clinical trial where the effect of pre- or post-operative local radiation
      therapy was evaluated against surgery only. Significant reductions of the amount
      of spontaneously released IgM in vitro were observed among irradiated patients as
      compared to the unirradiated 5-6 and 10-11 years after treatment. Such a
      difference was not observed for IgA and IgG. The PWM induced Ig secretions did
      not differ significantly between the three patient groups. The long standing
      reduction of the spontaneous release of IgM by blood lymphocytes in vitro
      probably lacks clinical significance since the serum levels of this Ig class, as
      well as IgA and IgG, were similar in irradiated and unirradiated patients.

PMID- 3891414
TI  - Eponymns in oncology. William Stewart Halsted (1852-1922).

PMID- 3891415
TI  - The pulmonary endothelial surface.
AB  - The understanding of endothelial metabolic properties has increased dramatically
      in recent years. Endothelial cells (ECs) process hormones, drugs, and many blood
      borne substances by means of enzymes and transport processes. In turn, some
      hormones, blood cells, and cellular products interact with ECs via specific
      receptors on the luminal surface. Functional complexity is exemplified by the
      metabolism of the adenine nucleotides. ATP, ADP, and AMP are metabolized by
      enzymes of the endothelial surface to release adenosine, which may be immediately
      taken up into endothelium and reincorporated intracellularly into nucleotides.
      Equally complex is the metabolism of the kinins and angiotensins by ECs.
      Bradykinin is inactivated whereas angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II.
      Bradykinin not thus degraded can act on endothelial receptors and stimulate the
      release of prostacyclin (PGI2). Thus bradykinin can amplify the release of
      another vasodilator, PGI2, and can stimulate the release of a powerful
      antiaggregatory agent (PGI2). Many of these complex metabolic reactions occur at
      the endothelial surface, a structure that is itself complex. ECs possess
      endothelial projections and caveolae as well as a fuzzy coat, or glycocalyx.
      Functions of the endothelial glycocalyx are not well understood, but the
      glycocalyx can now be visualized: it may act as a molecular sieve and provide a
      substratum for the initiation and progression of immunologic reactions.

PMID- 3891416
TI  - Endothelial serotonin uptake and mediation of prostanoid secretion and stress
      fiber formation.
AB  - The kinetics of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT] ) uptake by intimal and
      microvessel endothelial cells (ECs), in culture and in suspension, were
      investigated. The data suggest that although the amine is cleared rapidly by all
      types of ECs, the mode of uptake varies according to endothelial source.
      Confluent cultured aortic ECs clear exogenous 5-HT by a nonsaturable mechanism.
      Cardiac microvessel ECs also clear 5-HT by nonmediated diffusion, unlike
      pulmonary and adipose microvascular ECs, where a carrier-mediated mechanism
      exists. The action of 5-HT on prostanoid secretion and prostacyclin
      (prostaglandin I2 [PGI2] ) on 5-HT uptake by primary cultures of confluent aortic
      ECs was assayed. In vitro 5-HT concentrations from 10(-3) to 10(-12) M have no
      effect on PGI2 and thromboxane (TxA2) synthesis by cultured primary aortic ECs.
      Exogenous PGI2, however, inhibits 5-HT uptake by cultured primary aortic ECs.
      Last, 5-HT stimulates stress fibers as much as 80%, and increases surface area by
      40% in cultured ECs. The agonistic action of 5-HT appears to be receptor mediated
      in that it can be blocked by pretreating the ECs with ketanserin, a 5-HT2
      receptor blocker. Prostanoids also mediate stress fiber numbers, and substances
      known to increase permeability such as TxA2 also cause a disassembly of stress
      fibers. We hypothesize that 5-HT and PGI2, by some mechanism yet to be explained,
      directly and/or indirectly help to maintain endothelial structural integrity by
      promoting stress fiber formation.

PMID- 3891417
TI  - Advances in the clinical development of antiepileptic drugs.
AB  - In this paper we describe advances in the clinical development of antiepileptic
      drugs as a function of the Antiepileptic Drug Development Program of the National
      Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke. This program
      encompasses both the preclinical and clinical elements of drug development
      through the Anticonvulsant Screening Project, the Toxicology Project, and the
      support of controlled clinical trials of potential new drugs that emerge from
      these projects and promise to be more effective and less toxic than those
      currently available for the treatment of epilepsy.

PMID- 3891418
TI  - The LFA-1, Mac-1 glycoprotein family and its deficiency in an inherited disease.
AB  - A family of functionally important, high-molecular-weight glycoproteins with
      identical beta subunits has recently been defined on leukocyte cell surfaces.
      Soon after these molecules and at least some of their functions had been defined
      with monoclonal antibodies, an inherited disease, LFA-1, Mac-1 deficiency, was
      discovered in humans. This deficiency has confirmed that this glycoprotein family
      is of central importance in leukocyte cell surface adhesion reactions.

PMID- 3891419
TI  - Deficiency of two human leukocyte surface membrane glycoproteins (Mo1 and LFA-1).
AB  - Structural and functional features of a novel disorder characterized by recurrent
      bacterial infections are reviewed. This disease is associated with a number of
      phagocyte adhesion defects. In 10 patients, phenotypic analysis with monoclonal
      antibodies (MAb) revealed the same basic defect in all patients: deficiency of at
      least two leukocyte surface glycoproteins, Mo1 and LFA-1. These two antigens have
      distinct alpha subunits (Mo1 alpha = 155 kilodaltons, LFA-1 alpha = 177
      kilodaltons) noncovalently linked to a common beta subunit (94 kilodaltons). Mo1
      is closely associated with or identical to a receptor for the iC3b fragment of
      the third component of complement. LFA-1 is involved in lymphocyte proliferation,
      cytotoxicity, and natural killing. MAb directed to this family of glycoproteins
      induce functional defects in normal cells similar to those observed in deficient
      cells. In normal cells, the surface expression of these glycoproteins is
      regulated by the state of cell activation. Mitogens and alloantigens
      significantly increase the surface expression of LFA-1 on T lymphocytes. Stimuli
      that induce degranulation in neutrophils increase the surface expression of Mo1.
      In all patients with combined Mo1, LFA-1 deficiency, the predominant clinical
      manifestations were more characteristic of a phagocyte than a lymphocyte
      disorder. In vitro studies, however, reveal significant defects in
      phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation that are more apparent at lower
      concentrations of the lectin. In some families, more than one sibling is
      affected. Intermediate levels of Mo1 were observed on granulocytes from both
      parents of one child. In one family, however, only the mother had significantly
      reduced levels of Mo1, which indicates heterogeneity in the inheritance of this
      disorder.

PMID- 3891421
TI  - [The mystery of Mozart's death].

PMID- 3891420
TI  - Leukocyte LFA-1, OKM1, p150,95 deficiency syndrome: functional and biosynthetic
      studies of three kindreds.
AB  - Three patients (2 female, 1 male) with recurrent infection, granulocytosis,
      impaired pus formation, and/or delayed umbilical cord separation were identified.
      Assessments of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)/monocyte function in each
      patient revealed profound abnormalities of adherence and adherence-dependent
      functions. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)
      of their PMN lysates demonstrated a deficient or absent protein(s) of 138
      kilodaltons (gp 138). Na3HB4 labeling demonstrated the absence of a major cell
      surface glycoprotein complex in each patient. Among parental and sibling PMN
      suspensions, functional assessments revealed no consistent abnormalities,
      although variably diminished gp138 was identified by SDS-PAGE and Na3HB4
      labeling. Analysis by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and monoclonal
      antibodies (MAb) to LFA-1 alpha, OKM1 alpha, and their common beta subunit
      demonstrated a severe or total deficiency of PMN/monocyte surface expression of
      each protein among all patients; intermediate values were observed for parental
      and affected sibling suspensions, findings consistent with an autosomal recessive
      mode of inheritance for this disorder. Cell surface labeling (125I) and
      immunoprecipitation with the same MAb demonstrated the absence of these
      glycoproteins in addition to a 150-kilodalton protein (p150,95). Identical
      abnormalities of surface expression of patient lymphocytes blast-transformed with
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or Epstein-Barr virus were demonstrated. Further,
      significantly diminished natural killer cell cytotoxicity was observed for each
      patient tested. PHA blast-transformed patient lymphocytes labeled with
      [35S]methionine demonstrated a total absence of the beta molecule but indicated
      the presence of an LFA-1 alpha precursor. These findings indicate that LFA-1
      alpha synthesis and surface expression require beta association. It is concluded
      that impaired inflammatory function in this disorder is casually related to a
      heritable deficiency of critical "adhesive" leukocyte glycoproteins.

PMID- 3891422
TI  - Mollicutes (mycoplasma) in infertility.

PMID- 3891423
TI  - Influence of chronic hyperprolactinemia induced by sulpiride on the hypothalamo
      pituitary-testicular axis in normal men.
AB  - For elucidation of the effects of hyperprolactinemia on the hypothalamic
      pituitary-testicular axis, five healthy men were exposed to sulpiride (300 mg/day
      by mouth); four among the five maintained hyperprolactinemia (71.6 to 95.3 ng/ml)
      for 78 days. Clomiphene citrate (CC), luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing hormone,
      and human chorionic gonadotropin tests were performed before and after sulpiride
      treatment. The CC test, given as a measure of hypothalamic function, was carried
      out in each of the five volunteers before sulpiride treatment (control) and on
      days 14 (2 weeks) and 60 (2 months) of sulpiride administration. Each value of
      plasma LH stimulated by CC was integrated and expressed as a ratio of the
      integrated value obtained after administering CC at 2 weeks and 2 months to that
      from each control experiment. The mean ratio in the four subjects at 2 months
      (mean +/- standard deviation, 0.769 +/- 0.121) was significantly lower than that
      at 2 weeks (0.942 +/- 0.073; P less than 0.05) and before sulpiride treatment
      (1.000; P less than 0.01). Impairment of LH responses to CC by 2-month long
      sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinemia suggests that chronic hyperprolactinemia in
      men partly suppresses LH secretion by its inhibitory action on the hypothalamus.

PMID- 3891424
TI  - Exogenous progesterone for luteal support following gonadotropin-releasing
      hormone ovulation induction: case report.

PMID- 3891425
TI  - Influence of the frequency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
      administration on ovulatory responses in women with anovulation.
AB  - In attempt to optimize gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) treatment of
      anovulation, we compared the effect of intravenous GnRH administration at three
      pulse intervals (PI) during 63 cycles in 30 anovulatory patients who had: (1)
      amenorrhea secondary to anorexia nervosa (group I: 10 patients, 21 cycles); (2)
      unexplained anovulation with normal to high luteinizing hormone plasma levels
      (group II: 12 patients, 24 cycles); and (3) polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD)
      (group III: 8 patients, 18 cycles). Ovulation was achieved more frequently in
      group I (85%) than in group II (41%) or in group III (50%). In both groups I and
      II, the frequency of ovulatory responses was not different with the PI used, and
      6 of the 17 women treated for infertility conceived; 3 with 90-minute PIs, 2 with
      64-minute PIs, and 1 with 128-minute PIs. In women with PCOD, seven of the nine
      ovulatory responses and three pregnancies were obtained with 128-minute PIs. The
      overweight women with PCOD did not respond reliably to GnRH at the doses used,
      i.e., 4 to 15 micrograms per pulse. In all groups, the urinary estrone and
      estradiol preovulatory peak, duration of luteal phase, progesterone levels, and
      preovulatory follicle diameter were unrelated to the frequency of GnRH
      administration.

PMID- 3891426
TI  - Behavior of cultured glandular cells obtained by flushing of the uterine cavity.
AB  - In 77 of 115 cultures from uterine/tubal flushes performed in women undergoing
      diagnostic laparoscopy for reasons of infertility, epithelioid colonies of
      "tadpole-like" cells appeared. In cultured jet washings from the uterine cavities
      in women with ligated tubes, the same tadpole-like cells are present. These cells
      are also observed in vitro in laparoscopic biopsy specimens of active
      endometriosis nodules. Judged by the presence of cytokeratin in these cells,
      demonstrated by polyvalent or monoclonal antikeratin antibodies (the latter as a
      marker for glandular epithelia), there can be no doubt about their origin from
      the lining and glandular epithelium of part of the genital tract. Peritoneal
      washings not preceded by uterine/tubal flushing never contained the tadpole-like
      cells in culture. True epithelial cells were observed in the peritoneal cavity
      after flushing, and the proliferative capacity of these cells in vitro during the
      preovulatory phase was proven.

PMID- 3891427
TI  - [Effect of hydrocortisone on the oxidation of substrates in the Krebs cycle].

PMID- 3891428
TI  - [Theories of pain: past and present].

PMID- 3891429
TI  - [Sphygmographic attachment to an echoscope].

PMID- 3891430
TI  - [Image diagnosis of adrenal disorders--II. Cushing's syndrome].
AB  - Comparative study of image diagnosis of ultrasonography (US) by linear electronic
      scanner, computed tomography (CT), and adrenal scintigraphy was performed in 14
      patients with Cushing's syndrome. Adrenal imaging by scintigraphy was performed
      at the 5th and 6th day or further 7th day following the injection of 1 mCi of
      Adosterol. Cushing's disease (11 cases) US failed to detect the adrenals in 4
      cases examined. Measurement of the adrenals on CT film demonstrated the
      enlargement of adrenals (greater than mean + 2SD) in 6 of 7 cases (85.7%).
      Scintiscanning showed the increased uptake of bilateral adrenals in 4 of 10 cases
      (40%). Adrenal scintigraphy with dexamethasone pretreatment (DP) still
      demonstrated the isotope uptake of bilateral adrenals in all of those 4 cases
      tested, although the other 6 cases were not studied with DP. From these findings,
      it was suggested that the measurement of adrenal size by CT was useful for the
      additional image diagnosis of Cushing's disease, and the adrenal scintigraphy
      with DP was also available for complementary study of Cushing's disease.
      Cushing's syndrome due to adrenocortical adenoma (3 cases) In one case examined
      by US, which had the smallest adenoma (0.6 X 1.0 X 2.0 cm) in this syndrome, the
      adenoma was not detected. All of 3 adrenal adenomas (2.6 X 2.6 X 2.2 cm to 0.6 X
      1.0 X 2.0 cm) were detected by CT. Adrenal scintigraphy demonstrated good uptake
      by adrenal adenoma but no visualization of the contralateral adrenal in every
      case.

PMID- 3891431
TI  - [Clinical application of serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)(26-46)
      radioimmunoassay--with special reference to the relationship between IGF(26-46)
      and growth hormone secretion].
AB  - Serum insulin-like growth factor I(IGF-I)(26-46) levels were determined in normal
      children aged 0-16y(n = 111), adults(n = 11), and various diseased conditions. In
      order to elucidate a mutual relationship between IGF-I(26-46) and growth hormone
      (GH) secretion, the following correlations were evaluated: 1) a correlation
      between IGF-I(26-46) and basal GH level (n = 57), 2) a correlation between IGF
      I(26-46) and GH level responding to the insulin tolerance test (ITT) (n = 30), 3)
      a correlation between IGF-I(26-46) and an integrated concentration of GH(ICGH) in
      the early sleep stage (n = 24). In addition, the following correlations between
      GH level with ITT and ICGH in the early sleep stage(n = 20) and between IGF-I(26
      46) and an integrated concentration of prolactin (ICPRL) in the early sleep (n =
      20) and overnight sleep (n = 7) stages were also examined. IGF-I(26-46) was
      measured according to the method of Yanaihara with minor modifications. Samples
      for ICGH were collected every 30 min until 4 hours after sleep by a portable
      continuous flow blood withdrawal pump(CORMED, MODEL ML6) at a rate of 6 ml/h.
      Samples for ICPRL from 13 subjects were collected by the same procedure and
      period as ICGH. On the other hand, samples for ICPRL from 7 subjects were
      collected during an overnight period. Sleep and wake cycles were almost identical
      in the subjects tested. Among the subjects tested with ITT and continuous blood
      sampling for ICGH and ICPRL, patients with pituitary dwarfism were excluded.
      Serum IGF-I(26-46) levels appeared to be age-dependent, and the highest value was
      demonstrated in puberty. Some children under 8 years of age showed serum IGF-I(26
      46) levels as low as that of pituitary dwarfism. No sexual difference was noticed
      in IGF-I(26-46) levels. Serum IGF-I(26-46) levels in pituitary dwarfism were
      apparently low and significantly increased after hGH injection. Serum IGF-I(26
      46) levels in patients under 11 years of age with constitutional dwarfism and
      Turner's syndrome revealed an almost normal result. However, many patients over
      11 years of age showed lower levels of serum IGF-I(26-46) than normal subjects,
      and some cases showed remarkably low levels of serum IGF-I(26-46). Serum IGF-I(26
      46) levels in precocious puberty without treatment were slightly high in
      comparison with age-matched controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3891432
TI  - [The dynamic property of glucagon secretion in response to blood glucose-
      analysis with the aid of the control theory using an artificial endocrine
      pancreas].
AB  - The precise dynamic property of glucagon secretion in response to glucose
      concentration has not yet been elucidated, since in in vitro studies using
      pancreatic islets, the co-existence of pancreatic B cells modifies the mode of
      glucagon secretion, and in vivo studies, the exogenous insulin administration
      greatly affects pancreatic A cell function. In this study, to clarify the dynamic
      property of glucagon secretion in response to glucose concentration and the
      ability of glucagon to raise hepatic glucose production, an artificial endocrine
      pancreas was employed as a research tool. Our originally developed artificial
      endocrine pancreas prepared the glucagon and/or glucose infusion algorithm as the
      counterregulatory system. The principle of glucagon and glucose infusion
      algorithm is set as the proportional plus derivative modes of action to blood
      glucose concentration with time delay constant, as follows; Gn.I.R.(t) = Gp[BGp -
      BG(t - tau)] + Gd[-delta BG(t - tau)] + Gc G.I.R.(t) = Cp[BGp - BG(t - tau)] +
      Cd[-delta BG(t - tau)] where Gn.I.R.(t) and G.I.R.(t) are glucagon infusion rate
      and glucose infusion rate, respectively. BGp is the projected value of blood
      glucose concentration, and BG(t) and delta BG are blood glucose concentrations
      and the rate of change in blood glucose concentration at time t respectively. Gp
      and Gd are coefficients for glucagon infusion, and Cp and Cd are those for
      glucose infusion. Gc is the constant for basal glucagon supplementation. tau(min)
      is the time delay constant for glucagon and glucose infusion. In a depancreatized
      dog, the blood glucose concentration was maintained at the normoglycemic level
      with intraportal insulin infusion using this artificial endocrine pancreas for at
      least one hour, then hypoglycemia was induced by iv bolus insulin injection (0.1
      U/kg). Glucagon was infused intraportally or glucose was infused into the
      peripheral vein when the counterregulatory system was operated according to each
      of these algorithm by variously changing the parameters. In the intraportal
      glucagon infusion algorithm, with the optimal parameters based on proportional
      plus derivative modes of action with a 10-min time delay (Gp/Gd/Gc/tau =
      0.2/0.4/0.6/10), both the blood glucose response curves and plasma glucagon
      profiles simulated those seen in normal dogs. On the other hand, glucagon
      infusion based only on the proportional action failed to simulate the blood
      glucose response and plasma glucagon profile of normal dogs. When glucose was
      infused on the basis of the proportional action with a 20-min time delay
      (Cp/Cd/tau - 0.2/0/20), the insulin-induced hypoglycemia in depancreatized dogs
      could be restored to normoglycemia in the sa

PMID- 3891433
TI  - [Image diagnosis of adrenal disorders--I. CT images of control subjects and image
      diagnosis of primary aldosteronism].
AB  - The shape and size of the adrenals in control subjects without adrenal disorders
      were studied by computed tomography (CT), and a comparative assessment of
      diagnostic values of ultrasonography (US) by electronic linear scanner, CT, and
      adrenal scintigraphy was made on 9 patients with primary aldosteronism. Adrenal
      imaging by scintigraphy was performed on the 5th and 6th day, or further on the
      7th day after the injection of 1 mCi of Adosterol. CT findings of the adrenals in
      control subjects: Eighty-two % of 100 control right adrenals, and 89% of 100
      control left adrenals were detected by CT. Seventy-seven % of the right adrenals
      were in linear-shape, and the others were in V-shape. The shape of the left
      adrenals could be classified into triangular-shape (54%), Y-shape (28%) and V
      shape (18%). The mean width and thickness of the right adrenals were 28.6 +/- 7.5
      mm (M +/- SD) and 3.8 +/- 1.4 mm, respectively. Those of the left ones were 19.4
      +/- 5.5 mm and 5.3 +/- 1.8 mm. Image diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: In 2 out
      of 3 patients examined by US, aldosteronomas were detected. In these 2 patients,
      one had 2 adenomas 2.8 X 1.7 X 1.2 cm and 1.0 X 1.0 X 2.0 cm in size, and the
      other had one adenoma 0.8 X 1.0 X 2.0 cm in size. On adrenal scintiscanning under
      dexamethasone pretreatment (DP), the isotope uptake of aldosteronoma was still
      seen with the disappearance of the contralateral adrenal in 7 out of 9 cases. In
      these 7 cases, the laterality of the tumor was confirmed. In one of the remaining
      2 cases, the bilateral adrenal images were obtained regardless of DP. In the
      other case, of which aldosteronoma was the smallest (0.6 X 0.6 X 0.8 cm), the
      image of the affected adrenal with adenoma as well as the contralateral adrenal
      disappeared under DP. CT delineated all aldosteronomas in 8 cases examined
      including 2 cases in which adrenal scintiscanning failed to elucidate the
      localization of aldosteronoma. These results indicated that the combination of
      these 3 new image diagnostic methods was available for the detection of
      aldosteronomas of various sizes.

PMID- 3891434
TI  - [Therapeutic trial with epsilon-aminocaproic acid in psoriasis vulgaris].

PMID- 3891435
TI  - [Occurrence of circulating autoantibodies in porphyria cutanea tarda].

PMID- 3891437
TI  - Subcorneal pustular dermatosis and IgA myeloma.
AB  - The authors describe a new case of subcorneal pustular dermatosis associated with
      IgA myeloma. The significance of this association is unknown, but it seems to be
      more than a coincidence. The case described is particular, because the interval
      between skin eruption and first symptoms of myeloma is very long (27 years), and
      palms and soles are involved.

PMID- 3891436
TI  - Placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of topical antihistaminics against
      histamine-induced pruritus.
AB  - 2 antipruritic ointments, when compared to placebo, were ineffective against
      histamine-induced itching applied in 2 volunteers after the intracutaneous
      injection of histamine. Testing of 11 topical antihistaminics after pretreatment
      for 30 and 60 min on 12 volunteers showed that some of the preparations reduced
      the histamine-induced itching significantly, while others were able to inhibit
      itching only slightly or were very close to placebo. Pain from pin pricks could
      not be attenuated significantly by pretreatment with the topical antihistaminics
      at any time.

PMID- 3891438
TI  - Occurrence of cicatricial pemphigoid and leiomyosarcoma in a psoriatic patient.
AB  - A psoriatic patient who developed cicatricial pemphigoid and leiomyosarcoma of
      the abdomen is presented. The sequence of events indicates a relationship between
      the cicatricial pemphigoid and the malignant disease.

PMID- 3891439
TI  - Median diastema closure.

PMID- 3891440
TI  - Anterior crowns. 4. Preparation of nonvital teeth.

PMID- 3891441
TI  - Anterior crowns: principles and practice. 5. Impression materials, techniques and
      record transfer.

PMID- 3891442
TI  - Absorption of subcutaneously administered regular human and porcine insulin in
      different concentrations.
AB  - The influence of the insulin concentration on its absorption from the
      subcutaneous tissues was studied by direct measurement of the appearance of
      insulin in the circulation after its subcutaneous administration. 10 units of
      regular insulin of semisynthetic human and porcine origin in strength of 15
      units/ml, 40 units/ml, and 100/units/ml were administered as bolus to 9 healthy
      male volunteers, using switched-off, manually handled insulin pumps. Insulinaemia
      rose significantly higher (p less than 0.05) and insulin levels peaked earlier
      after the delivery of the 15 units/ml insulin solutions compared to the 100
      units/ml insulin solutions. These findings might be of interest for type-I
      diabetic patients using insulin pumps that are to be loaded with regular insulin
      in varying concentrations.

PMID- 3891443
TI  - Effects of insulin on the utilization of 14C-glycerol and 14C-glucose in
      hepatectomized nephrectomized rats.
AB  - Insulin (i.v.) administration to functionally hepatectomized-nephrectomized rats
      did not alter circulating levels of glycerol and only slightly affected plasma
      radioactivity when animals received (U-14C)-glycerol, whereas after (U-14C)
      glucose administration insulin enhanced hypoglycemia and greatly accelerated the
      rate of radioactivity loss from plasma. At 15 min after i.v. injection of (U-14C)
      glycerol, radioactivity in total lipids was reduced in heart and lungs by insulin
      administration and enhanced in carcass and brown adipose tissue. These effects
      involved the 14C-glyceride glycerol fraction in the case of heart and 14C-fatty
      acids in carcass and adipose tissue. When (U-14C)-glucose was administered,
      insulin enhanced the appearance of 14C-water-soluble material in heart and
      carcass and 14C-total lipids in heart, carcass, and both brown and white adipose
      tissue. The effect in heart corresponded mainly to the 14C-glyceride glycerol
      fraction whereas it corresponded to the 14C-fatty acids in the other tissues.
      Therefore, insulin effects on glycerol metabolism substantially differ from those
      on glucose. Opposite effects on heart and lung glycerol utilization as compared
      to those in carcass and brown adipose tissue may account for the difficulties in
      observing changes in plasma glycerol levels after insulin treatment.

PMID- 3891444
TI  - The effect of streptozotocin diabetes on brain protein synthesis in the rat.
AB  - Young normal control rats were compared with a group made diabetic by treatment
      with streptozotocin and with other normal rats maintained on a restricted diet to
      obtain a daily body weight change similar to that of the diabetics. In diabetic
      rats plasma levels of Val, Ile and Leu rose and those of Asp, Thr, Ser, Gln, Gly,
      Tyr, Orn, Lys, His and Arg decreased, whereas brain concentrations of Leu, Arg
      and Orn were augmented and those of Thr and Ser reduced. Insulin treatment
      diminished these differences in comparison with controls values. In food
      restricted normal rats plasma and brain amino acid concentrations also differed
      from values in normal controls but they were of different magnitude and/or
      direction than those of diabetics. In vitro 3H-Leucine incorporation into
      proteins by brain postmitochondrial dialyzed supernatants was unaffected in both
      diabetic and food-restricted rats, whereas in liver preparations the same
      parameter was significantly reduced in both groups and insulin treatment of the
      diabetics decreased this difference. Results indicate that brain amino acid
      concentrations in diabetic animals are a secondary consequence of their
      circulating levels and of potential modifications of brain amino acid metabolism
      other than protein synthesis, which is unaffected.

PMID- 3891445
TI  - Chlorhexidine for prevention of neonatal colonization with group B streptococci.
      III. Effect of vaginal washing with chlorhexidine before rupture of the
      membranes.
AB  - A single vaginal washing with 2 g/l of chlorhexidine was performed before rupture
      of the membranes in 19 parturients who were urogenital carriers of group B
      streptococci (GBS). Two (11%) of the infants became colonized immediately after
      birth, in contrast to 16 of 41 (39%) infants to controls (P = 0.02). A
      significant reduction of GBS colonization of the ear (P = 0.02) and umbilicus (P
      = 0.01) was noted. Taken together, 2 of 57 (4%) cultures obtained at birth were
      positive in the chlorhexidine group, in contrast to 30 of 123 (24%) among the
      controls (P less than 0.01). These findings raise hope for the design of a simple
      washing procedure which might prevent serious infections in the early neonatal
      period with GBS but also with other chlorhexidine-sensitive organisms.

PMID- 3891446
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of chorioangioma associated with polyhydramnios using
      ultrasound.
AB  - This paper presents a case of chorioangioma associated with polyhydramnios and
      premature delivery in which the placental tumour was diagnosed before delivery
      using ultrasound. In cases of polyhydramnios careful ultrasonic examination not
      only of the fetus, but also of the placenta, is recommended.

PMID- 3891447
TI  - Kinetics and thermodynamics of diacetyl reduction with NADPH by alpha-dicarbonyl
      reductase from pigeon liver.
AB  - alpha-dicarbonyl reductase from pigeon liver catalyzes diacetyl reduction with
      NADPH via an ordered Bi-Bi mechanism in which the coenzyme is the leading
      substrate, as deduced from the inhibition pattern by products and by acetone. The
      activation energy of the reaction has been calculated as 16.6 kcal/mol, delta H
      and delta F as 15.6 and 15.3 kcal/mol, respectively, and delta S as 1 cal/mol per
      k. Kinetic constants obtained for substrates (KmNADPH = 15 microM, KsNADPH = 10
      microM; Kmdiacetyl = 0.5 mM, Ksdiacetyl = 0.35 mM) and products (KiNADP 50
      microM; Kiacetoin = 100 mM) are about 10 times lower than those reported for this
      enzyme in the reduction of diacetyl with NADH. This confirms that NADPH is its
      physiological coenzyme.

PMID- 3891448
TI  - Protein modification and its biological role.
AB  - The modifications present on a polypeptide play an important role in determining
      its eventual fate. Modifications, particularly proteolysis, are important in the
      generation of biological activity. Modifications are used to "target" particular
      polypeptides to specific cellular locations. Protein modification also plays a
      role in determining the rate of polypeptide degradation. Cells have developed
      elaborate systems for the modification of their proteins because these
      modifications serve important biological functions.

PMID- 3891449
TI  - Differential sensitivity of chicken MM-creatine kinase to trypsin and proteinase
      K.
AB  - Under several conditions of SDS-PAGE, the chicken MM-creatine kinase (MM-CK)
      monomer migrated as a approximately 50,000 dalton polypeptide, approx 25% larger
      than usually reported. Characterization by sedimentation equilibrium indicated
      that the anomalous molecular weight was an artifact of electrophoresis. Digestion
      with trypsin caused only moderate reductions in CK activity, despite extensive
      degradation of the denatured enzyme revealed by SDS-PAGE. Characterization of
      trypsinized MM-CK under non-denaturing conditions of electrophoresis and HPLC
      revealed no fragmentation of the native enzyme, suggesting that MM-CK quaternary
      structure was maintained despite extensive tryptic nicking. In contrast, much
      lower concentrations of proteinase-K generated only a single fragment in SDS-PAGE
      while causing a nearly total loss of enzyme activity.

PMID- 3891450
TI  - Acid proteases from the yolk and the yolk-sac of the hen's egg. Purification,
      properties and identification as cathepsin D.
AB  - Two acid proteases from the yolk and one from the yolk-sac of the hen's egg were
      purified and characterized. They belong all three to the class of cathepsin D.
      Mostly, minor differences were found in their properties. Possible endogenous
      substrates, as some egg-proteins and some other yolk-enzymes, were hydrolysed
      with variable intensity, in vitro.

PMID- 3891451
TI  - Horse alpha-1 protease inhibitors: relationship between the slow (S) and fast (F)
      isoforms.
AB  - Horse alpha-1 protease isoinhibitors were isolated in a highly purified form
      using individually designed fractionation procedures. The isoinhibitors, running
      in agarose gel electrophoresis at pH 8.6 as two distinct bands, were designated S
      alpha-1 and F alpha-1. The molecular relationships between S alpha-1 and F alpha
      1 were investigated by using classical electrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic
      methods. No differences between the inhibitors were revealed with respect to
      their antiproteolytic activity, determined by fibrinogen agarose gel
      electrophoresis assays. No immunological differences between the isoforms were
      detected. These observations, together with others reported in this paper,
      suggest that the two isoinhibitors are probably the monomeric and dimeric form of
      the same molecule.

PMID- 3891452
TI  - Horse leucocyte proteinase-inhibitor system. Kinetic parameters of the inhibition
      reaction.
AB  - Horse leucocyte neutral proteinase inhibitor reacts with all tested elastases at
      the molar ratios of 1:1 and yielding stable complexes (Ki = 10(-10) M). The above
      reactions are very rapid, characterized by the high values of association rate
      constant kon = 10(7) M-1s-1.

PMID- 3891453
TI  - Characterization of proline endopeptidase from skeletal muscle.
AB  - Proline endopeptidase was purified from human muscle by anion-exchange
      chromatography, thiol-affinity chromatography and chromatography on
      hydroxyapatite. The enzyme gave a single band on polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Activity was maximum at pH 7.0-7.5. The molecular weight (by gel
      filtration) was 69,000. The enzyme hydrolysed benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly-Pro-7-amido-4
      methylcoumarin with Km 32 microM. It was inhibited by di-isopropyl
      phosphofluoridate and 4-hydroxymercuriphenyl sulphate. Bacitracin inhibited at
      higher concentrations but lower concentrations stimulated the activity. The
      enzyme activity appeared largely in the soluble fraction following fractionation
      of rat muscles. Proline endopeptidase activity in rat muscle was unaltered by
      treatment of the animals with compound 48/80, a mast cell degranulator.

PMID- 3891454
TI  - Cell-free synthesis of preuteroglobin and processing to uteroglobin by polysomes
      from rabbit endometrium.
AB  - Polysomes from rabbit endometrium, incubated in a cell-free system in the
      presence of [35S]methionine, completed polypeptide chains pre-initiated in vivo.
      Polypeptide chains were analyzed by SDS-gel electrophoresis after
      immunoprecipitation with anti-uteroglobin. Endometrial polysomes, freed of
      membranes by detergent treatment, synthesized both mature uteroglobin and
      preuteroglobin not yet cleaved in vivo. Membrane-bound polysomes synthesized
      exclusively mature uteroglobin, indicating the processing of preuteroglobin by
      the membranes bound to the ribosomes.

PMID- 3891455
TI  - Double-blind crossover study of the efficacy and acceptability of oxazepam
      Expidet tablets compared to placebo in patients undergoing gynaecological
      surgery.
AB  - In a double-blind crossover trial, the hypnotic efficacy and acceptability of
      oxazepam Expidet, a fast-dissolving tablet, was compared to placebo in patients
      undergoing minor gynaecological surgery. Patients received 30 mg oxazepam Expidet
      or placebo the night before their operation and the alternate medication the
      night after. A sleep questionnaire was completed the morning after both nights
      and acceptability was assessed the morning after the second night. Data were
      available for analysis on seventy-two patients aged 18-50 years. There was a
      significant improvement in sleep onset and quality and less awakenings after
      oxazepam compared to placebo (p less than or equal to 0.01). There was no
      significant difference in the occurrence or type of dreams, or morning-after
      symptoms. There was a significant preference for oxazepam compared to placebo and
      for the fast-dissolving Expidet form compared to conventional tablets or capsules
      (p less than or equal to 0.01). There were no adverse reactions in the oxazepam
      group. It was concluded that oxazepam Expidet was an effective and acceptable
      hypnotic in this group of patients.

PMID- 3891456
TI  - Controlled trial of pyridoxine in the premenstrual syndrome.
AB  - A total of 617 patients diagnosed by their general practitioner, according to set
      criteria, as having premenstrual symptoms were treated in general practice for
      three menstrual cycles with either pyridoxine or placebo. Treatment was
      randomized and administered blind. In the 434 patients analyzed, an improvement
      was found in 7 of the 9 symptoms assessed for both treatments, but the
      differences between treatments did not reach conventional significance levels.
      However, improvement as measured by global assessment after three cycles was
      significantly greater in the patients treated with pyridoxine (p less than 0.02).

PMID- 3891457
TI  - Piracetam in alcoholic psychoses: a double-blind, crossover, placebo controlled
      study.

PMID- 3891458
TI  - Structure, expression and regulation of the thyroglobulin gene.

PMID- 3891459
TI  - Remodeling of the myoblast membrane accompanies development.
AB  - We have prepared a library of cloned hybridomas that produce monoclonal
      antibodies reactive with the surface of E63 rat myoblasts. Using
      immunofluorescence analysis of antigens on single cells we have studied the
      expression of determinants at distinct stages of development. Conditions were
      established for quantitative photometry and were used to confirm the diversity in
      stage-specific expression that accompanies development. The remodeling of the
      myoblast membrane also involves stage-specific and transient changes in
      topography and aggregation of many antigens, and the period surrounding fusion is
      one of particular activity. The localization of antigens on the upper and
      attached surfaces of myogenic cells was often distinct, and quantitative and
      spatial stage-specific reorganizations of antigens differed with respect to these
      two surfaces. This polarity represents an additional level of complexity in the
      continuous remodeling of the muscle cell membrane. Comparisons of quantitative
      and topographic analyses of antigens on E63 cells with Rat-1 fibroblasts and
      developmentally defective (fu-) myoblasts indicate that the outer membranes of
      these nonmyogenic cells are distinct from differentiating myoblasts. One
      determinant, H36, is absent on Rat-1 cells and on all fu- lines tested, and
      undergoes interesting stage-specific changes in expression and topography.

PMID- 3891460
TI  - Serum HBV-DNA in delta antigen positive chronic liver disease.
AB  - HBV DNA was assayed by molecular hybridization in the serum of 21 patients with
      HBsAg + /delta Ag + chronic liver disease (CLD). The results were compared to
      those in 21 HBsAg + /delta Ag - cases matched for histological diagnosis and
      HBeAg/anti-HBe status and to HBcAg and delta Ag detection in the liver by direct
      immunofluorescence. In the delta Ag + cases serum HBV DNA was either negative
      (17/21 or 81%) or transiently positive (4/21 or 19%) in small or trace amounts
      (trace to 1 +). By contrast 9 of 21 (43%) of HBsAg + delta Ag - cases were serum
      HBV DNA positive, 6 of them having values ranging from 2 + to 4 +. HBcAg was
      detected in the liver of patients with strong serum HBV DNA reactions and was
      absent from all serum HBV DNA negative ones. These results indicate a significant
      difference in the HBV replication level between delta Ag positive and negative
      patients with HBsAg + CLD and with comparable liver histology and HBeAg/anti-HBe
      status, and support the need for wider application of molecular hybridization
      techniques in the pathogenetic and epidemiological study of HBV infection.

PMID- 3891461
TI  - Safety issues relating to the use of mammalian cells as hosts.
AB  - There has been increasing interest over the past decade in exploring the
      possibility of using continuous cell lines as substrates for the production of
      both old and new biological products. The recent introduction of hybridoma
      technology to produce monoclonal antibodies, and the use of lymphoblastoid cells
      to produce interferon has broadened the discussion even further because both of
      those cell substrates are frankly tumorigenic. More recently, recombinant DNA
      technology has expanded beyond bacterial cells to mammalian cells, some of which
      may also be tumorigenic. One of the major safety concerns in biologicals produced
      from other than normal cells relates to the possibility that one or more of the
      biological characteristics of abnormal cells might be transmitted through
      residual DNA in the biological product to the human recipients. The assessment of
      risk for a given product must ultimately be based on the totality of evidence
      available including generic data on DNA as well as specific pieces of information
      on the product itself. These issues are discussed in the context of attempting to
      identify those data elements for the product which are essential for making an
      assessment of risk, plus generic information which may help to put the risk of
      DNA into an overall biological perspective.

PMID- 3891462
TI  - Reactivity per unit weight: an important parameter in the quality assurance of
      antibody reagents for vaccine analysis.
AB  - The common practice of characterizing antibody reagents by "titre" leaves hidden
      pitfalls that make accurate immunoassays difficult to achieve. With an affinity
      purified antibody, it becomes possible to define antibody reagents by reactivity
      per unit weight of antibody. The antibody reagents for the analysis of the
      heterogenous antibody response to a vaccine need broad-spectrum reactivity of
      appropriate specificity. If antibody reagents are characterized by their
      reactivity per unit weight to a range of appropriate antigens, it becomes
      possible to detect and avoid pitfalls that otherwise contribute to huge
      variations and uninterpretable results. Reactivity per unit weight is especially
      important for the characterization of enzyme conjugates of antibodies. Although
      absolute reactivity per unit weight is difficult to define, it is easy to
      determine the relative reactivity of two antibody preparations. Examples
      illustrate the importance of reactivity per unit weight.

PMID- 3891463
TI  - Molecular cloning and a stable amplification of the DNA molecules heavily
      methylated at CpG sequences using a new E. coli cell system (GC3).
AB  - Fish lymphocystis disease virus (FLDV) DNA is heavily methylated in CpG sequences
      and therefore the amplification of recombinant DNA of FLDV inserted into a
      bacterial plasmid vector and/or a bacteriophage system poses severe problems. The
      problem was solved using a newly constructed and developed bacterial system (E.
      coli GC-3 system), which allowed the amplification of foreign DNA material
      heavily methylated at CpG sequences. E. coli GC-3 (Gc-1, rifd) is derived from E.
      coli GC-1 (K 12, hsd-, MDU) after transformation with phage lambda drifd 18 Hind
      III-B-fragment. A defined and complete gene library of the FLDV DNA sequences was
      established by insertion of FLDV DNA fragments (Eco RI, Eco RI/Bam HI, Eco
      RI/Hind III) into the corresponding restriction sites of bacterial plasmid vector
      pAT 153. Bacterial colonies harbouring recombinant plasmids were individually
      identified by digestion of the recombinant plasmid DNA with different restriction
      enzymes and screened by hybridizing plasmid DNA to viral DNA. The analyses
      revealed that sequences representative for the complete viral genome were cloned.

PMID- 3891464
TI  - Reduction of proteolytic breakdown in microbial homogenates.
AB  - Proteolytic enzymes are present in many biological raw materials used for the
      production of proteins and peptides. Such enzymes are active not only in
      homogenates of bacteria and yeast but also in ascites liquid and cell culture
      media used for the production of monoclonals. A new protease substrate was used
      to determine protease activity in homogenates of E. coli and baker's yeast, which
      are useful for the production of therapeutically valuable polypeptides. Using
      this substrate we found that cooling and the addition of protease inhibitors had
      little effect on the proteolytic activity. Most of the proteolytic activity
      however could be adsorbed to hydrophobic gel media. Data is given on the protease
      adsorption at different temperatures and ionic strengths.

PMID- 3891465
TI  - Normalization by sodium salicylate of the impaired counterregulatory glucagon
      response to hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetes. A possible role for
      endogenous prostaglandins.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of sodium salicylate
      on the counterregulatory glucagon response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in
      both insulin-dependent diabetic subjects (IDDM) and normal controls. The IDDM
      group consisted of 5 patients with recent onset of disease (less than 45 days), a
      normal glucagon response to hypoglycemia, and no detectable insulin antibodies
      (group 1); and 7 patients with duration of disease between 1 and 5 yr, a reduced
      glucagon response to hypoglycemia, and no insulin antibodies (group 2). Ten
      healthy subjects served as a control group. The infusion of sodium salicylate (40
      mg/min) during insulin-induced hypoglycemia (1 mU/kg-min for 60 min) in normal
      subjects caused a significant increase of the counterregulatory glucagon response
      both in terms of glucagon peak and integrated areas. Sodium salicylate itself
      significantly increased basal insulin and decreased glucose, but did not change
      basal glucagon. In the diabetic subjects of group 1, sodium salicylate amplified
      the glucagon response to the same degree of hypoglycemia without affecting the
      rates of glucose fall and recovery. Compared with normals and diabetic subjects
      of group 1, diabetic subjects of group 2 presented, in basal conditions, a
      reduced glucagon response to hypoglycemia and a slower rate of glucose recovery.
      Sodium salicylate normalized both defects. These results indicate that sodium
      salicylate may augment glucagon responses by improving the recognition of
      hypoglycemia in both normals and IDDM. Moreover, the restoration by sodium
      salicylate of a normal glucagon response to hypoglycemia in diabetic subjects of
      group 2 suggests a role for endogenous prostaglandins in this selective
      deficiency of the counterregulatory response.

PMID- 3891466
TI  - Plasma, adrenal, and heart catecholamines in physically trained normal and
      diabetic rats.
AB  - This study was designed to evaluate the possibility that the enhanced insulin
      sensitivity of physically trained normal and diabetic rats is due to adaptive
      changes in the adrenergic system. Mild diabetes mellitus was induced in male
      Wistar rats with streptozocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg i.v.) and a 10-wk conditioning
      program was conducted by having the animals run on a treadmill. Rats were
      cannulated 16 h after the last period of exercise and blood sampling was obtained
      48 h later for basal plasma glucose, insulin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
      determination. Catecholamine measurements were also made in adrenals, atria, and
      ventricles from sedentary control, trained control, sedentary diabetic, and
      trained diabetic rats. The previously reported beneficial effect of physical
      training on diabetes mellitus was reproduced. While diabetes mellitus did not
      modify the catecholamine levels, the training program provoked an increase in
      plasma epinephrine concentrations, with a concomitant significant rise in adrenal
      epinephrine content. In heart tissue, the epinephrine values also tended to be
      increased by training although statistical significance was not reached. These
      data suggest that basal secretion of epinephrine is somewhat increased in trained
      rats. Whether this may trigger adaptive changes that could be involved in the
      beneficial effect of physical training on experimental diabetes mellitus remains
      to be elucidated.

PMID- 3891467
TI  - Abnormal glucose modulation of islet A- and B-cell responses to arginine in non
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - To assess the normality of islet A- and B-cell responses to a nonglucose
      secretogogue as well as the modulating effect of glucose in NIDDM, we examined
      plasma C-peptide and glucagon responses to arginine in eight patients with NIDDM
      and in six age- and weight-matched nondiabetic volunteers under conditions of
      identical hypoglycemia (approximately 70 mg/dl), euglycemia (94 mg/dl), and
      hyperglycemia (approximately 190 mg/dl). Plasma C-peptide responses to glucose
      and to arginine in the diabetic subjects were both significantly reduced at all
      glucose concentrations studied (P less than 0.01-0.005). The modulating effect of
      glucose on both islet A- and B-cell responses (slope of relation between plasma C
      peptide or glucagon response versus plasma glucose concentration) was reduced
      greater than 80% in the diabetic subjects (P less than 0.01). We conclude that
      islet A- and B-cell responses to nonglucose secretogogues are abnormal in
      patients with NIDDM and that this may result from a functional defect in the
      modulating effect of glucose on insulin and glucagon secretion, which in some
      patients may be compensated for by hyperglycemia.

PMID- 3891468
TI  - HLA-DR antigen frequencies in a North Indian type I diabetic population.
AB  - Eighty-eight North Indian patients with type I, insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus (IDDM) and 113 unaffected individuals were typed for HLA-DR antigens
      from DR1 to DR7. The frequency of HLA-DR3 was significantly increased in the
      patients as compared with the controls (78.4% versus 25.7%, corrected P = 1.68 X
      10(-12], the relative risk (RR) of 10.52 being much higher than that reported in
      the Western IDDM population. HLA-DR2 showed a significant negative association
      (RR = 0.18, corrected P = 1.03 X 10(-5], but DR4 had no relationship with IDDM in
      the present study (RR = 1.12, P = 0.12). These results emphasize the differences
      in HLA-IDDM associations among different ethnic groups.

PMID- 3891469
TI  - Decreased biologic activity and degradation of human [SerB24]-insulin, a second
      mutant insulin.
AB  - A second mutant insulin, identified as [SerB24]-insulin, has a highly hydrophilic
      character. To determine the biologic activity and the degradation of this mutant
      insulin, human [SerB24]- and [SerB25]-insulin analogues were semisynthesized from
      porcine insulin by an enzyme-assisted coupling method. All of the following
      studies on isolated rat adipocytes were performed at 37 degrees C to directly
      correlate the binding potency and the biologic activity. The ability of these
      insulins to displace 125I-porcine insulin bound to adipocytes was 0.5-2% and 1
      4%, respectively, of porcine insulin. When the ability of these insulins to
      stimulate glucose transport and glucose oxidation was measured, both analogues
      had full activity at high concentrations (250 ng/ml). However, ED50 of the
      porcine, [SerB24]-, and [SerB25]-insulins to stimulate glucose transport was 0.37
      +/- 0.05, 46.3 +/- 5.4, and 23.3 +/- 5.5 ng/ml, respectively. Similarly, for
      glucose oxidation, ED50 was 0.38 +/- 0.06, 33.8 +/- 3.6, and 16.6 +/- 3.4 ng/ml,
      respectively. Thus, the biologic activity of [SerB24]- and [SerB25]-insulins was
      reduced to 0.5-2% and 1-4% of that of porcine insulin, which was compatible with
      our previous studies under different conditions. No antagonistic effects were
      observed for either analogue. Degradation of 125I-labeled [SerB24]- and [SerB25]
      insulins was also decreased to 62.8% and 55.8%, respectively, of 125I-porcine
      insulin. These results confirm the importance of the hydrophobic residues at B24
      and B25 in the biologic activity of insulin; the patient having this hydrophilic
      insulin was considered to be in an insulinopenic state despite the
      hyperinsulinemia due to decreased degradation of the mutant insulin.

PMID- 3891470
TI  - Dynamics of glucose-induced insulin release during the spontaneous remission of
      streptozocin diabetes induced in the newborn rat.
AB  - Neonatal rats injected with streptozocin (STZ, 100 mg/kg) at birth exhibited an
      acute diabetes followed by a spontaneous remission. We have previously shown that
      this recovery from neonatal diabetes is due to B-cell regeneration and
      reaccumulation of pancreatic insulin stores starting from 3 to 5 days after
      birth. The B-cell population during this period is heterogeneous with both
      surviving B-cells that have escaped the toxic effect of STZ and newly formed B
      cells. To evaluate to what extent this B-cell population is functionally normal,
      we have measured in vitro the dynamics of glucose-induced insulin secretion from
      pancreatic fragments of rats treated with STZ at birth. The insulin responses
      were tested at intervals after STZ treatment, from day 1 to day 21 using
      perifusion of pancreatic fragments, and on day 21 and at 5 mo using perfusion of
      isolated pancreas. While the glucose-induced insulin release was completely
      obtunded (2% of the normal response) on day 1 after STZ, it could be demonstrated
      after day 3. Moreover, it increased as a function of age (6% and 36% of the
      normal responses on day 5 and day 14, respectively). This restoration of the
      insulin response to glucose closely paralleled the recovery of pancreatic insulin
      stores (6% and 51% of normal values, respectively, on day 5 and day 14). In sharp
      contrast with the lack of glucose response in vitro in the adult, glucose-induced
      insulin release was still detected on day 21 regardless of the in vitro system
      used (perifusion or perfusion). Furthermore, on day 21 the B-cells of the STZ
      rats exhibited a tendency toward enhanced insulin response to arginine, which is
      a prominent feature in adult rats previously treated with STZ at birth.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3891471
TI  - The disposal of an oral glucose load in healthy subjects. A quantitative study.
AB  - Although it is an established concept that the liver is important in the
      disposition of glucose, the quantitative contribution of the splanchnic and
      peripheral tissues, respectively, to the disposal of an oral glucose load is
      still controversial. In the present investigation, we have employed the hepatic
      venous catheter technique in combination with a double-tracer approach (in which
      the glucose pool is labeled with 3H-glucose and the oral glucose load is labeled
      with 14C-glucose) to quantitate the four determinants of oral glucose tolerance:
      rate of oral glucose appearance, splanchnic glucose uptake, peripheral glucose
      uptake, and suppression of hepatic glucose production. Studies were carried out
      in 11 normal volunteers in the overnight-fasted state and for 3.5 h after the
      ingestion of glucose (1 g/kg body wt; range, 55-93 g). In the postabsorptive
      state, the rate of endogenous (hepatic) glucose production, evaluated from the 3H
      glucose infusion, was 2.34 +/- 0.06 mg/min X kg. Glucose ingestion was
      accompanied by a prompt reduction of endogenous glucose output, which reached a
      nadir of 0.62 +/- 0.23 mg/min X kg at 45 min and remained suppressed after 3.5 h
      (0.85 +/- 0.22 mg/min X kg). The average inhibition of hepatic glucose output
      during the absorptive period was 53 +/- 5%. The appearance of ingested glucose in
      arterial blood, as derived from the 14C-glucose measurements after correction for
      recycling 14-C radioactivity, reached a peak after 15-30 min, and 14C-glucose
      continued to enter the systemic circulation throughout the observation period.
      The rate of appearance of ingested glucose was 2.47 +/- 0.45 mg/min X kg at 3.5
      h. A total of 73 +/- 4% of the oral load was recovered in the systemic
      circulation within 3.5 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3891472
TI  - Comparison of portal and peripheral insulin delivery on lipid metabolism in
      streptozocin-diabetic rats.
AB  - Severely diabetic (150 mg/kg streptozocin, STZ) rats were transplanted with fetal
      pancreatic islets: (1) under the renal capsule to model peripheral insulin
      delivery, and (2) into the splenic pulp to model portal delivery. In both groups
      of transplanted animals, weight gain and blood glucose levels were normal as were
      peripheral plasma insulin levels. Plasma nonesterified fatty acids, glycerol,
      acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels were normal
      in the two groups of transplanted animals as were VLDL-triglyceride turnover and
      total ketone body turnover. Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity was also
      normal in both the fed and fasting states. The findings indicate that consistent
      normoglycemia and normalization of many aspects of lipid metabolism can be
      achieved in the rat with peripheral insulin delivery without associated
      hyperinsulinemia.

PMID- 3891473
TI  - Effect of the estrogen antagonist, tamoxifen, on development of
      glomerulosclerosis in the Cohen diabetic rat.
AB  - Long-term administration of the estrogen antagonist, tamoxifen, to female, Cohen
      diabetic rats caused a significant decrease in the incidence of
      glomerulosclerosis, 12.5% as compared with 58.3% in control, untreated, diabetic
      female rats. This change in incidence was correlated with a corresponding
      decrease in plasma estradiol and cholesterol levels, but not with changes in oral
      glucose tolerance or insulin response. A similar correlation between decreased
      incidence of glomerulosclerosis and a decrease in plasma estradiol was previously
      noted in ovariectomized animals.

PMID- 3891474
TI  - Elevated in vivo insulin clearance in pima indians with non-insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - In vivo insulin clearance in 10 subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus (NIDDM) has been compared with clearance in eight equally obese
      nondiabetic control subjects by two different methods. The first approach
      consisted of determining the metabolic clearance rates of exogenously infused
      insulin (MCRI) during hyperinsulinemic (100 mU/m2/min) glucose clamp studies. The
      results indicated that mean (+/- SEM) MCRI was 1.4-fold greater in the diabetic
      subjects (436 +/- 22 ml/m2/min) than in the controls (325 +/- 24 ml/m2/min, P
      less than 0.005), resulting in a lower steady-state plasma insulin concentration
      in the diabetic (255 +/- 8 microU/ml) compared with the nondiabetic subjects (329
      +/- 29 microU/ml, P less than 0.001). The impact of NIDDM on insulin removal
      rates was also estimated by a second method in which extraction of endogenously
      secreted insulin (EXTI) in response to an oral glucose load was calculated from
      the integrated area above basal of plasma insulin (IRI) and of plasma C-peptide
      (CPR), an estimate of beta-cell secretion. The results demonstrated that
      fractional extraction of endogenously secreted insulin (EXTI = 100 [(CPR -
      IRI)/CPR]) was also 1.2-fold greater for diabetic subjects (88.9 +/- 2.5%) than
      for nondiabetic controls (72.0 +/- 2.8%, P less than 0.001). Finally, these two
      independent measurements of in vivo insulin removal rates (MCRI and EXTI) were
      significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.71, P less than 0.002). These
      observations are consistent with the view that elevated insulin clearance may
      contribute to the postchallenge hypoinsulinemia of NIDDM in Pima Indians.

PMID- 3891476
TI  - Lymphoid cells of BB/W diabetic rats are cytotoxic to islet beta cells in vitro.
AB  - Assays were developed to detect cell-mediated immune destruction of pancreatic
      islet beta cells by lymphoid cells isolated from diabetic BioBreeding/Worcester
      (BB/W) rats. Splenic lymphoid cells from diabetic (D), diabetes-prone (DP), and
      diabetes-resistant (DR) BB/W rats were incubated for 2 days with monolayer
      cultures of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-compatible Wistar-Furth (WF)
      rat islet cells or a rat islet cell line (RIN), and islet beta cell survival was
      determined by measuring insulin content in the cultures. D splenic lymphoid cells
      significantly decreased insulin content in WF rat islet (-32%) and RIN cultures (
      77%). DP cells also significantly reduced the insulin content in WF rat islet (
      20%) and RIN cultures (-63%), whereas DR cells had no significant effect. Islet
      directed cytotoxicity was detected also by the release of 51Cr from RIN cells
      incubated for 8 h with BB/W spleen cells. Cytotoxicity was linearly related to
      the number of effector spleen cells. At a target: effector of 1:20, lysis (mean
      +/- SEM) of RIN target cells by spleen cells from D rats (21.6 +/- 2.0%) and DP
      rats (16.5 +/- 4.1%) was significantly greater than the effect of DR spleen cells
      (5.4 +/- 1.0%). D and DP splenic lymphoid cells activated in vitro for 2 days
      with concanavalin A exhibited a doubling of cytotoxicity to RIN islet cells.
      These results provide direct evidence for lymphoid cell-mediated immune damage to
      islet beta cells in diabetic BB rats.

PMID- 3891475
TI  - Variable deterioration in cortical function during insulin-induced hypoglycemia.
AB  - Cortical function during insulin-induced hypoglycemia was studied in 14 normal
      controls and 12 type I diabetic patients by measuring the reaction time to a
      visual stimulus. Each subject was studied on two occasions, during insulin
      induced hypoglycemia and under euglycemic conditions. The mean reaction time
      during euglycemic conditions was 260 +/- 6 ms in the controls and 309 +/- 11 ms
      in the diabetic subjects (P less than 0.001) and did not change significantly
      over a 2-h period. Intravenous (i.v.) insulin administration to both groups of
      subjects resulted in similar reductions in glucose concentrations, which were
      maintained below 50 mg/dl for at least 30 min. Under these conditions, the
      reaction time increased significantly (mean increase 104 +/- 37 ms [P less than
      0.02] in the controls and 75 +/- 28 ms [P less than 0.02] in the diabetic
      subjects). However, significant variability in responsiveness was observed in
      individual subjects. Three of the 14 controls and 4 of the 12 diabetic subjects
      showed no significant change in reaction time during hypoglycemia, while the
      remainder demonstrated significant increases. Individual differences were not
      correlated with severity or duration of hypoglycemia or counterregulatory hormone
      responses. The maximum increase in reaction time occurred as long as 60 min after
      the nadir glucose and returned to baseline 10-40 min after normalization (greater
      than 60 mg/dl) of the plasma glucose level. Subjective awareness of hypoglycemia
      was unrelated to the change in reaction time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3891477
TI  - P-10--its potential as a posterior composite.

PMID- 3891478
TI  - Clearance from the respiratory tract.
AB  - Alterations in the clearance of insoluble particles have been shown to provide a
      sensitive indicator of response due to exposure to various inhaled materials.
      This paper reviews clearance mechanisms, the significance of clearance changes,
      and the methodology used to assess them.

PMID- 3891479
TI  - New approaches for the evaluation of pulmonary toxicity: bronchoalveolar lavage
      fluid analysis.
AB  - Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) is an effective method of
      detecting an inflammatory response in the lungs of animals in toxicological
      studies. Alterations in BAL that are the most sensitive indications of an
      inflammatory response are an increased content of serum proteins and an influx of
      neutrophils (PMNs). Elevation of the cytoplasmic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase
      (LDH) is a useful indicator of cytotoxicity. The pulmonary inflammatory response
      to particles (either mineral dusts or soot) in the lung includes greatly
      increased activities of such lysosomal enzymes as beta-glucuronidase and beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase in BAL. Examination of alterations in BAL in rats and mice
      during chronic exposure to high levels of diluted diesel exhaust revealed that
      steadily increasing levels of LDH, beta-glucuronidase, and hydroxyproline in BAL
      correlated better with the development of pulmonary fibrosis than did measures of
      an inflammatory response (protein, PMNs). Analysis of BAL has proven useful, both
      for detection of lung injury in toxicological screening tests and for
      determination of the mechanisms of developing chronic lung disease. Future work
      shows promise of developing assays for BAL analysis to identify the specific site
      or type of pulmonary injury present.

PMID- 3891480
TI  - The effects of disopyramide phosphate on serum glucose and glucose
      counterregulation in the dog.
AB  - The effect of oral administration of the antiarrhythmic disopyramide phosphate
      (DPP) on serum glucose and glucose counterregulation was determined in beagle
      dogs. In addition, the hypoglycemic effect of DPP, a racemate, and its optical
      isomers was determined. DPP produced dose-dependent significant decreases in
      serum glucose concentrations. Maximum decreases in serum glucose concentrations
      were approximately 10% at 10 mg/kg, 15% at 30 mg/kg, and 30% at 100 mg/kg when
      DPP was given as single doses, and 30% at 100 mg/kg when DPP was given as three
      divided doses. In each case, serum glucose concentrations returned to control
      values within 24 to 30 hr. To evaluate the effect of DPP on glucose
      counterregulation the recovery from acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia was
      determined. No differences of any practical significance were observed between
      the insulin tolerance curves of control and 50-, and 100-mg/kg DPP groups. Thus,
      the overall glucose counterregulatory response following insulin challenge was
      unaffected by DPP. The hypoglycemic effects of DPP, (S)-(+)-DPP, and (R)-(-)-DPP
      were compared by examining the ratio of the areas under the curve of serum
      glucose concentration to serum drug concentration. The absolute ratio for the (S)
      (+) isomer was significantly greater than that of the (R)-(-) isomer, indicating
      that the hypoglycemic effect of DPP is largely due to its (S)-(+) isomer.

PMID- 3891481
TI  - Sore throat, antibiotics and rheumatic fever.

PMID- 3891482
TI  - Self-care in illness: a review.

PMID- 3891483
TI  - [Structure of the respiratory cycle in excessive intrapulmonary pressure and
      different oxygen levels of respiratory mixtures].

PMID- 3891484
TI  - [Subpopulations and physiological activity of human immunocompetent cells].

PMID- 3891485
TI  - [Controlled study of the effect of sulodexide on peripheral diabetic
      macroangiopathy].

PMID- 3891486
TI  - [Clinical use of netilmicin in infections of the urinary tract].

PMID- 3891487
TI  - [Rontgen's hand].

PMID- 3891488
TI  - [Hemodynamic and clinical effects of captopril in congestive heart failure].
AB  - The acute and chronic effects of Captopril were evaluated in 8 patients (5 males
      and 3 females, age 49 +/- 17 years) with chronic severe congestive heart failure.
      Acute hemodynamic effects were studied according to a randomized, double blind,
      placebo controlled protocol, by using two doses of Captopril (25 and 50 mg). The
      usual diuretic and digitalis treatment was kept unchanged throughout the trial.
      The acute administration of placebo associate with the usual doses of diuretic
      and digitalis was followed after 2 hours by a significant reduction of mean
      pulmonary wedge pressure (-23%, p less than 0.05). One hour following a single
      administration of Captopril, the following significant (p less than 0.05) changes
      were observed, respectively for the doses of 25 and 50 mg: heart rate -9% and 
      6%, cardiac index +13% and +10%, mean pulmonary wedge pressure -27% and -35%,
      mean pulmonary arterial pressure -29% and -26%, systemic vascular resistances 
      20% and -17%. A longer duration of effects on heart rate and cardiac index was
      noted after the 50 mg dose. All patients received long-term treatment with
      Captopril 75 or 150 mg daily. The NYHA functional class improved in all cases and
      there was a significant decrease of the cardio-thoracic ratio (from 0.61 +/- 0.05
      to 0.55 +/- 0.09, p less than 0.01). A repeated hemodynamic study after a mean
      period of 6.5 months (range 2.5-22 months) revealed in 7 cases a sustained effect
      of the drug.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3891489
TI  - [Progress and new trends in the therapeutic use of heparin].

PMID- 3891490
TI  - [Yag laser photocoagulation and monopolar electrohydrocoagulation: randomized
      study of the hemostatic effect on experimental hemorrhagic ulcer in dogs].
AB  - The purpose of this randomized study was to compare the effects of two methods of
      hemostasis--photocoagulation using YAG Neodyme laser and liquid monopolar
      electrocoagulation--on acute experimental bleeding ulcers created in the dog
      stomach with an ulcer-maker. One hundred and fifty-three lesions were made and
      randomized into 3 groups; 51 lesions were treated with photocoagulation and
      complete hemostasis was achieved in all cases. Hemostasis was obtained in 80 p.
      100 of 51 ulcers treated with liquid electrocoagulation. Control untreated ulcers
      remained hemorrhagic after 45 min of observation. The mean external muscle injury
      on day 7 was 55 p. 100 after photocoagulation and 65 p. 100 after liquid
      electrocoagulation. On day 14, mean external injury was 60 p. 100 after
      photocoagulation and 75 p. 100 after liquid electrocoagulation (non-significant
      difference). On day 7, the mean re-epithelization index, expressed as the
      percentage of the original ulcer diameter, ranged from 8 to 10 p. 100 in each
      trial group. On day 14, reepithelization covered 78 p. 100 of control ulcers and
      72 p. 100 of photocoagulated ulcers (NS). This percentage falls to 47 p. 100 in
      ulcers treated with liquid electrocoagulation (p less than 0.01 when compared
      with ulcers treated with photocoagulation). Photocoagulation seemed to be more
      efficient in ensuring hemostasis and external muscle injury was correlated with
      the energy delivered. External muscle injury could not be controlled by liquid
      electrocoagulation. However the difference in the percentages of mean external
      muscle injury between the two methods was not significant. Therefore, in man, the
      risk of perforation is certainly slight and not very different whatever the
      method of hemostasis considered.

PMID- 3891491
TI  - [Spontaneous portacaval anastomoses by veins of the falciform ligament of the
      liver in cirrhosis. Their ultrasonic exploration].
AB  - The aim of this work was to study the portacaval shunts described by Sappey in
      the falciform ligament of the liver in the cirrhotic patient. Twenty men and 8
      women (mean age: 63 years) were studied by ultrasonography. Ascites was present
      in 20 patients. Venous anastomoses through the falciform ligament were visualized
      in 16 of the 28 patients. When present, they were usually multiple (1 to 4) with
      a diameter of about 10 mm. In 8 patients, a large communication with one of the
      main portal branches was seen. In the same patients, gastroesophageal shunts were
      always present but umbilical and splenorenal anastomoses were found only in 3 and
      in 4 patients respectively. This emphasizes the importance of such shunts which
      are in part intrahepatic. Ultrasonic exploration of these shunts should be
      routine in the evaluation of collateral circulation in cirrhosis.

PMID- 3891492
TI  - [The liver and vitamin A].

PMID- 3891493
TI  - [Prevalence of markers of the hepatitis B virus in households of HBs antigen
      carriers].

PMID- 3891494
TI  - Binding of lectins to goblet cell mucin in malignant and premalignant colonic
      epithelium in the CF-1 mouse.
AB  - The lectin peanut agglutinin binds to mucin secreted by neoplastic but not normal
      human colonic epithelial cells. Peanut agglutinin was found to bind to mucin
      secreted by experimentally induced neoplasms in the distal colons of CF-1 mice,
      but not in the distal colons of control animals. Serial examination of colonic
      tissues after exposure to carcinogen has revealed the "cancer-associated" mucin
      in histologically normal but potentially premalignant epithelium. Thus, in the
      chemical carcinogen-rodent model, a diffuse alteration in glycoprotein structure
      is found in that part of the murine colon that subsequently develops cancer, and
      this precedes the appearance of neoplastic tissue. Changes in mucin structure may
      prove to be useful in the identification of premalignant gastrointestinal
      epithelium in certain humans at high risk for colon cancer.

PMID- 3891495
TI  - Is ultrasonography useful in the assessment of diffuse parenchymal liver disease?
AB  - One hundred twenty-five patients investigated at the Royal Brisbane Hospital, who
      underwent both hepatic ultrasonography and liver biopsy between 1980 and 1983,
      were scored quantitatively for ultrasound features of loss of detail,
      echogenicity, and attenuation, as well as for histologic features of fat,
      fibrosis, and inflammation. Strong correlations were found between the score for
      fat content and each of the three ultrasound features, and between the score for
      hepatic fibrosis and loss of detail and echogenicity, but there was no strong
      correlation with attenuation. Hepatic inflammation did not correlate with any of
      the ultrasound features. The correlations for fat were strongest when the
      interval between ultrasonography and liver biopsy was less than or equal to 7
      days. Although ultrasonography had a positive predictive value of 98% in the
      diagnosis of diffuse parenchymal abnormality, it did not distinguish fat from
      fibrosis nor reliably diagnose cirrhosis. Ultrasonography gave false-positive
      results in only 2 patients, but in 17 patients, false-negative ultrasound
      examinations were encountered. These findings indicate that ultrasound is not a
      useful screening investigation for parenchymal liver disease, nor is it useful in
      gauging hepatic pathology. However, abnormal hepatic ultrasonography in patients
      with suspected liver disease strongly suggests the presence of diffuse liver
      disease.

PMID- 3891496
TI  - Comparison of receptors for cholera and Escherichia coli enterotoxins in human
      intestine.
AB  - Extraction of lipids from human small intestinal epithelial cells or brush
      borders removed specific binding sites for cholera toxin completely, but only
      about 50% of the receptor sites for Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin.
      Both cholera toxin and E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin bound strongly to
      ganglioside GM1 in the lipid extract and, to a lesser extent, to another
      monosialoganglioside and to GD1b. The results suggest that E. coli heat-labile
      enterotoxin binds to both ganglioside and glycoprotein receptor sites of the
      human small intestinal epithelium, whereas cholera toxin binding was restricted
      to the ganglioside receptors.

PMID- 3891498
TI  - Pancreatic choriocarcinoma presenting as inflammatory pseudocyst.
AB  - A primary pancreatic choriocarcinoma was discovered at surgery in a patient with
      a clinical diagnosis of pancreatic inflammatory pseudocyst. To our knowledge,
      this is the first example of an extragonadal choriocarcinoma reported as a
      primary at this site. We consider this neoplasm to be another example of a
      visceral choriocarcinoma arising from a primary carcinoma through a process of
      metaplasia. This case illustrates the inherent difficulties in the preoperative
      evaluation of cystic lesions of the pancreas, and the importance of recognizing
      endocrinologic manifestations of malignant disease.

PMID- 3891497
TI  - Estimation of gastric residence time of the Heidelberg capsule in humans: effect
      of varying food composition.
AB  - In animal and human studies, the gastric emptying of large (greater than 1 mm)
      indigestible solids is due to the activity of the interdigestive migrating
      myoelectric complex. The gastric residence time (GRT) of an orally administered,
      nondigestible, pH-sensitive, radiotelemetric device (Heidelberg capsule) was
      evaluated in three studies in healthy volunteers. In 6 subjects, the GRT of the
      Heidelberg capsule was compared with the half-emptying time (t1/2) of
      diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid labeled with technetium 99m after a 4-ml/kg
      liquid fatty meal. The mean (+/-SD) GRT (4.3 +/- 1.4 h) was significantly (p less
      than 0.001) longer than the mean t1/2 (1.1 +/- 0.3 h); the GRT was prolonged
      compared with the t1/2 in each subject. In a randomized, crossover trial in 10
      subjects, frequent feeding caused a dramatic prolongation in mean GRT of the
      capsule compared with the fasting state (greater than 14.5 vs. 0.5 h, p less than
      0.005). In another crossover study in 6 subjects, the GRT of the capsule was
      evaluated after an overnight fast, a standard breakfast including solid food, and
      a liquid meal (i.e., 200 ml of diluted light cream). The mean GRT was 2.6 +/- 0.9
      h after the liquid meal vs. 1.2 +/- 0.8 h after fasting (p less than 0.025). The
      mean GRT after the breakfast was 4.8 +/- 1.5 h, which was significantly greater
      than that after fasting (p less than 0.001) and after the liquid meal (p less
      than 0.01). These data suggest that the GRT of the Heidelberg capsule is a marker
      of the interdigestive migrating myoelectric complex in humans, the interdigestive
      migrating myoelectric complex can be markedly delayed by frequent feedings with
      solids, and the interdigestive migrating myoelectric complex is delayed by both
      liquid and solid meals.

PMID- 3891499
TI  - Training and education in gastroenterology. List of available training programs.

PMID- 3891500
TI  - Comparison of heater probe and YAG laser in endoscopic treatment of major
      bleeding from peptic ulcers.
AB  - In our experience using the YAG laser and the heater probe in endoscopic
      treatment of major hemorrhage from peptic ulcers, ultimate hemostatic success was
      achieved in 19 of 20 (95%) ulcers treated with the heater probe, versus 24 of 35
      (69%) YAG laser-treated ulcers (p less than 0.05). The heater probe was
      considerably faster, more convenient to use, and safer than YAG laser. We
      presently consider the heater probe to be the preferred endoscopic hemostatic
      device.

PMID- 3891501
TI  - Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy--technical suggestions.

PMID- 3891502
TI  - [Borderline tumors of the ovary. New aspects on morphologic prognosis
      determination].
AB  - Epithelial tumours of the ovary with a tumour status between benign and malignant
      are classified as borderline tumours (BOT). They are particularly frequent in
      women between 30 and 40 years of age, emphasising the need for effecting a
      therapy directed at preserving fertility. To keep the risk of this therapy at a
      minimum it is imperative to effect accurate determination of the prognosis on the
      basis of an examination of the histological preparation. Conventional histology
      is insufficient for this purpose, thus requiring the use of additional
      morphological methods. In the present study the DNA of the cell nucleus was
      determined via quantitative cytophotometry and also via several tumour or
      differentiating markers by immunohistology, in healthy ovaries, 10 benign and 20
      malignant ovarian tumours and in 20 borderline tumours (BOT). The DNA histograms
      of the tumours classified histologically as BOT, yielded distribution patterns
      pointing towards a benign, proliferative or malignant potency of the tumours
      without a correlation to conventional histology being present in each case.
      Immunohistological identification of the carcinoembryonal antigen (CEA) and of
      the blood group substances (A, B, Lewis, Lewis) produced characteristic
      distribution patterns which correlated with the tendency to proliferation in DNA
      cytophotometry. To achieve relevant determination of prognosis of BOT in
      individual cases, conventional histology should be complemented by additional
      examinations using DNA cytophotometry and immunhistology as diagnostic tools.

PMID- 3891503
TI  - [Electron microscope and immunocytochemical studies of blood cells of children
      with various subtypes of lymphoblastic leukemia].

PMID- 3891504
TI  - [New data on the role of gene mutations and chromosome aberrations in human
      oncogenesis].

PMID- 3891505
TI  - Variations during the gonotrophic cycle in the titer of the myotropic ovulation
      hormone and the response of the ovarian muscles in Rhodnius prolixus.
AB  - The response of the ovarian muscles to a standard preparation of the myotropic
      ovulation factor from identified neurosecretory cells in the brain of Rhodnius
      prolixus increases after feeding in both virgin and mated females. This increase
      is unaffected by removal of the neurosecretory cells and by increases imposed on
      the resting tension of the ovaries used in the bioassay. The hemolymph titer of
      the myotropic activity as determined by bioassay exhibits a peak after feeding in
      both mated and virgin females. A second peak, corresponding both with the
      principal bout of ovulation/oviposition and with a corresponding peak in ovarian
      motility previously observed in vivo, is observed only in mated females. It is
      concluded that the changes in ovarian motility associated with ovulation in
      Rhodnius are a consequence primarily of variations in the hemolymph titer of the
      myotropic ovulation hormone from neurosecretory cells in the brain.

PMID- 3891506
TI  - Seasonal variation in pituitary responsiveness to luteinizing hormone-releasing
      hormone of mallards and canvasbacks.
AB  - Endocrine profiles of wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and canvasbacks (Aythya
      valisineria) were determined during the spring and the summer. Males and females
      of each species were treated with a single intravenous injection of 12 micrograms
      of synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). Preinjection and
      postinjection blood samples were collected and LH levels were determined by
      radioimmunoassay. LHRH evoked a brisk and significant elevation in serum LH in
      all ducks indicating the pituitary glands of both species contain readily
      releasable pools of LH. In March, the preinjection baseline levels of LH in the
      two groups did not differ. However, mallards responded to LHRH with a twofold
      increase in serum LH, while canvasbacks responded with a fourfold increase (F =
      17.1, P less than 0.001). At the summer blood sampling period, mallards had
      significantly higher circulating levels of serum LH than canvasbacks (F = 35.9, P
      less than 0.001). Both species responded to LHRH with a twofold increase in
      circulating LH. These data indicate that seasonal variations in reproduction
      shown by the two species in captivity may be associated with differences in LHRH
      sensitive pools of LH.

PMID- 3891507
TI  - Bacteriophage T4 gene 32 participates in excision repair as well as
      recombinational repair of UV damages.
AB  - Gene 32 of phage T4 has been shown previously to be involved in recombinational
      repair of UV damages but, based on a mutant study, was thought not to be required
      for excision repair. However, a comparison of UV-inactivation curves of several
      gene 32 mutants grown under conditions permissive for progeny production in wild
      type or polA- hosts demonstrates that gene 32 participates in both kinds of
      repair. Different gene 32 mutations differentially inactivate these repair
      functions. Under conditions permissive for DNA replication and progeny
      production, all gene 32 mutants investigated here are partially defective in
      recombinational repair, whereas only two of them, P7 and P401, are also defective
      in excision repair. P401 is the only mutant whose final slope of the inactivation
      curve is significantly steeper than that of wild-type T4. These results are
      discussed in terms of interactions of gp32, a single-stranded DNA-binding
      protein, with DNA and with other proteins.

PMID- 3891508
TI  - Physiological characterization of adaptive clones in evolving populations of the
      yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Populations of a diploid strain of S. cerevisiae were grown in glucose-limited
      continuous culture for more than 260 generations. A series of seven sequential
      adaptive changes were identified by monitoring the frequency of cycloheximide
      resistance in these populations. Samples were taken from the continuous cultures
      following each adaptive shift and characterized physiologically to determine (1)
      the range of phenotypes that can be selected in a precisely defined constant
      environment and (2) the order and predictability of the occurrence of the
      adaptive mutations in evolving populations. The clones were characterized with
      respect to the growth parameters, maximum growth rate, saturation coefficient and
      yield, as well as for changes in cell size and geometry and rate of glucose
      uptake. The maximum growth rates of the seven adaptive clones were very similar,
      but in contrast the saturation coefficients differed substantially. Surprisingly,
      not all clones showed reductions in the saturation coefficients, in comparison to
      the immediately preceding clones, as would be predicted from classical continuous
      culture kinetics. In addition, yield estimates first increased and then decreased
      for later isolated adaptive clones. In general, the results suggest epistatic
      interactions between the adaptive clones, consistent with earlier published
      results. The rate of glucose uptake, as measured by 14C-xylose uptake, increased
      dramatically after the selection and fixation of seven adaptive clones.
      Progressive decreases in cell volume and changes in cell geometry, resulting in
      increased surface area to volume ratios, were also observed in the adaptive
      clones, but these changes were not always seen in other haploid and diploid yeast
      populations evolving under the same conditions. Such changes may be easily
      explainable in terms of the characteristics of the glucose-limited environment.
      The significance of the results to the evolution of microorganisms under nutrient
      limiting conditions is discussed.

PMID- 3891510
TI  - Spontaneous IR duplications generated at mitosis in Aspergillus nidulans: further
      evidence of a preferential site of transposed attachment.
AB  - A radiation-induced translocation, T(IIR----IIIL), has been shown to be
      nonreciprocal and to have most of IIR, including its terminus, attached
      uninverted to the terminus of IIIL.--Progeny with the IIR segment in duplicate,
      obtained from crosses of T(IIR----IIIL) to strains with a standard genome, were
      unstable at mitosis; like earlier duplication strains, they suffered deletions
      from either duplicate segment. Frequent mitotic crossing over occurred between
      the duplicate IIR segments so that, following deletions, more than two classes of
      stable, balanced products arose from each heterozygous duplication strain.--
      Spontaneous, mitotically arising duplications of the IR segment, bearing the rate
      limiting adE20 allele, can be selected on adenine-free medium on which they
      emerge as vigorous sectors from the stunted adE20 colony. It was shown previously
      that most such duplications, when selected from a strain with standard genome,
      had the terminal IR segment attached to the end of IIR. Selection has now been
      made from an adE20 strain carrying T(IIR----IIIL), and seven of the 13
      independent IR duplications were linked to the III-IIR translocation complex. In
      three strains analyzed further, the duplicate IR segments, which included the IR
      terminus, were attached uninverted to the terminus of IIR; the segments of IR
      were of approximately equal genetic length.--This supports earlier suggestions
      that there is a preferential site for the initiation of IR duplications and a
      preferential site, the IIR terminus, for their attachment.

PMID- 3891509
TI  - The role of the SPO11 gene in meiotic recombination in yeast.
AB  - Several complementary experimental approaches were used to demonstrate that the
      SPO11 gene is specifically required for meiotic recombination. First, sporulating
      cultures of spo11-1 mutant diploids were examined for landmark biochemical,
      cytological and genetic events of meiosis and ascosporogenesis. Cells entered
      sporulation with high efficiency and showed a near-doubling of DNA content.
      Synaptonemal complexes, hallmarks of intimate homologous pairing, and polycomplex
      structures appeared during meiotic prophase. Although spontaneous mitotic intra-
      and intergenic recombination occurred at normal levels, no meiotic recombination
      was observed. Whereas greater than 50% of cells completed both meiotic divisions,
      packaging of the four meiotic products into mature ascospores took place in only
      a small subset of asci. Haploidization occurred in less than 1% of viable colony
      forming units. Second, the Rec- meiotic defect conferred by spo11-1 was confirmed
      by dyad analysis of spores derived from spo13-1 single-division meiosis in which
      recombination is not a requirement for viable ascospore production. Diploids
      homozygous for the spo13-1 mutation undergo meiotic levels of exchange followed
      by a single predominantly equational division and form asci containing two near
      diploid spores. With the introduction of the spo11-1 mutation, high spore
      viability was retained, whereas intergenic recombination was reduced by more than
      100-fold.

PMID- 3891511
TI  - [Appearance of single-stranded regions in DNA molecules in the G1 stage and the
      formation od structural mutations].
AB  - Single-stranded DNA regions in the nuclei of human lymphocytes were detected by
      means of fluorescent antibody technique. The frequency of fluorescent nuclei
      increased with the onset of the S stage, as expected. Also, a clear peak of the
      fluorescent nuclei amount was observed in about the middle of the G1 stage. The
      appearance of this peak correlated with some regularities of production of
      structural mutations by radiation. The suggestion is made that the maximum
      discovered might reflect the beginning of the recombinational repair of double
      stranded breaks.

PMID- 3891512
TI  - Total deletion of yeast LEU4: further evidence for a second alpha-isopropylmalate
      synthase and evidence for tight LEU4-MET4 linkage.
AB  - Using a combination of restriction endonuclease digestion, nuclease BAL 31
      treatment, and standard ligation procedures, a 4.4-kb DNA segment that carried
      the yeast LEU4 gene [encoding alpha-isopropylmalate synthase (IPMS) I] and
      adjoining sequences was excised from an appropriate plasmid and replaced with the
      yeast HIS3 gene. The new plasmid was digested to obtain a linear HIS3-carrying
      fragment flanked by remnants of the LEU4 region. Integrative transformation of a
      LEU4fbr LEU5+ his3- strain with this fragment resulted in the deletion of the
      LEU4 gene from the genome of some recipients, as demonstrated by transformant
      phenotype, genetic analysis and the absence of RNA capable of hybridizing to a
      LEU4 probe. The leu4 deletion strains remained Leu+. The extract of one such
      strain contained about 18% of the IPMS activity of wild-type cells. It is
      concluded that the residual activity is that of a second IPMS (IPMS II) that
      depends on an intact LEU5 locus. IPMS II was inhibited by leucine, but its
      sensitivity was about an order of magnitude lower than that of IPMS I. Deletion
      of the LEU4 region by the method utilized here resulted in an amino acid
      auxotrophy that could be satisfied by methionine, homocysteine, or cysteine.
      Complementation tests and genetic analysis demonstrated that the affected gene
      was MET4. Linkage to MET4 would place the LEU4 gene on the left arm of chromosome
      XIV.

PMID- 3891513
TI  - The araBAD operon of Salmonella typhimurium LT2. II. Nucleotide sequence of araA
      and primary structure of its product, L-arabinose isomerase.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of gene araA of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 has been
      determined. The gene encodes an L-arabinose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.4) of 500 amino
      acid residues with a calculated Mr of 55814. The ATG start codon of araA is 10 bp
      distal to the TAA termination codon of araB. A presumed ribosome-binding site
      (RBS) "TAAGGA" 7 bp from the ATG codon overlaps the stop codon of araB. L
      Arabinose isomerase was purified and the amino acid composition is in agreement
      with that predicted from the DNA sequence. The NH2-terminus of the protein is
      modified as the sequence cannot be analyzed by the automated Edman degradation.
      Amino acid composition analyses of both NH2-terminal and C-terminal cyanogen
      bromide (CNBr) cleaved peptides and partial amino acid sequence of the C-terminal
      peptide are consistent with the deduced amino acid sequence.

PMID- 3891514
TI  - The araBAD operon of Salmonella typhimurium LT2. III. Nucleotide sequence of araD
      and its flanking regions, and primary structure of its product, L-ribulose-5
      phosphate 4-epimerase.
AB  - The araD gene of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 consists of 744 nucleotides and has
      an ORF coding for a protein of 248 amino acid residues with a calculated Mr of
      27059. The product of araD, L-ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase, was purified and
      the amino terminal sequence was determined. It is identical to that predicted by
      the ORF. A 143-bp intercistronic region was found between the araA and araD genes
      which can form stem-loop structures with calculated free energies of up to -76.7
      kcal/mol. Three sets of sequences within this 143-bp region are comparable to a
      consensus sequence deduced from several known intercistronic regions.
      Approximately equimolar amounts of the araBAD operon products were present in L
      arabinose-induced cells. Sequences similar to both rho-independent and rho
      dependent transcription terminators are present after the araD gene.

PMID- 3891515
TI  - Molecular cloning of the RAD10 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - We have cloned the RAD10 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and physically mapped
      it to a 1.0-kb DNA fragment. Strains containing disruptions of the RAD10 gene
      were found to show enhanced UV sensitivity compared with the previously
      characterized rad10-1 or rad10-2 mutants. The UV sensitivity of the disruption
      mutant is comparable to the highly UV sensitive rad1-19, rad2-delta, and rad3-2
      mutants.

PMID- 3891516
TI  - Expression of the bacteriophage P1 cin recombinase gene from its own and
      heterologous promoters.
AB  - The cin recombinase of bacteriophage P1, a protein that catalyses site-specific
      DNA inversions, has been identified and its structural gene has been cloned under
      the control of different promoters. One of the DNA sequences used for the site
      specific recombination, cixL, overlaps with the 3' end of the gene, but we show
      that the presence of this site does not affect cin gene expression from strong
      promoters. To assay cin activity we have constructed plasmids that carry
      antibiotic resistance genes within the invertible segment that are transcribed
      from promoters outside the segment. DNA inversion switches on or off genes for
      chloramphenicol or kanamycin resistance. These tester plasmids are used to study
      cin-mediated DNA inversion both in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 3891517
TI  - Segments of chromosomal DNA from Rhynchosciara americana that undergo additional
      rounds of DNA replication in the salivary gland DNA puffs have only weak ARS
      activity in yeast.
AB  - We have constructed a library of recombinant phage containing DNA from salivary
      gland chromosomes of Rhynchosciara americana. We have isolated phage from this
      library that carry sequences homologous to cDNA clones that hybridize in situ to
      the DNA puffs at the polytene chromosome regions C3 and C8. This has enabled us
      to demonstrate a 16-fold amplification of the genomic DNA sequences at these
      regions during DNA-puffing. At the C8 site there is a sequence element that has
      characteristics of 'scrambled' moderately repetitive DNA. This is located within
      3 kb from the gene encoding a 1.95-kb mRNA. We have assayed restriction fragments
      from the two DNA puffs for Ars activity in yeast. The only strong Ars activity is
      associated with a part of the moderately repetitive DNA element from the C8 puff
      which is not present at this site in all animals.

PMID- 3891519
TI  - Cloning of the CDC7 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in association with
      centromeric DNA.
AB  - The cell-division-cycle gene, CDC7, of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been cloned
      in a large plasmid (pCM6) containing an insert of about 45 kb of yeast
      chromosomal DNA in the yeast-Escherichia coli shuttle vector, YRp7. A subclone
      (pCM39), having a 7-kb insert with a unique BamHI site, was capable of conferring
      the ts+ phenotype on a cdc7ts- strain of S. cerevisiae. When this insert was
      placed in the vector Y1p28, and then cut with BamHI and integrated into the ts-
      strain, genetic analysis showed the CDC7-complementing activity and an associated
      vector marker to be linked to the TRP1 locus, i.e., to chromosome IV. Analysis of
      subclones covering the pCM39 insert showed that pCM52, in which a 3.3-kb EcoRI
      HpaI fragment with the unique BamHI site has been cloned, possessed the full
      complementing activity. Although the CDC7 gene lies across the BamHI site, the
      main part of the gene appears to be in the 2.2-kb BamHI-HpaI segment of the pCM52
      insert. A Northern blot analysis showed this region to give rise to a 1.7-kb mRNA
      which we conclude is the transcript of CDC7. The large insert of pCM6 also
      contains a 1.5-kb XhoI fragment which several observations suggest is that
      containing the centromere (CEN4) of chromosome IV to which the CDC7 gene is
      closely linked. The 45-kb DNA fragment in pCM6 is believed to be an uninterrupted
      piece of chromosome IV.

PMID- 3891518
TI  - Molecular cloning using immune sera of a 22-kDal minor outer membrane protein of
      Vibrio cholerae.
AB  - Using antisera prepared against live Vibrio cholerae we have selected several
      recombinant DNA clones, plasmids pPM440, pPM450 and pPM460, encoding the gene for
      a 22-kDal V. cholerae peptidoglycan-associated-outer-membrane protein. This is a
      minor protein in V. cholerae but is expressed in large amounts when the cloned
      gene is present in Escherichia coli K-12, where it is exposed on the cell surface
      as judged by ELISA. We have localized the gene within the cloned DNA by
      transposon mutagenesis and deletion analysis followed by analysis of whole cells
      and minicells to identify the plasmid-encoded proteins. The DNA region encoding
      the protein seems to be conserved between El Tor and Classical strains as judged
      by Southern DNA hybridization.

PMID- 3891520
TI  - A new strategy to create ordered deletions for rapid nucleotide sequencing.
AB  - A method is described for generating ordered deletions using previously published
      techniques but a new strategy. This method is simpler than the published ones and
      has many advantages. Target DNA is cloned in both orientations into one of the
      unique restriction enzyme sites adjacent to the complementary region of the
      commercially available primers in bacteriophage M13. Ordered unidirectional
      deletions are created using BAL 31 nuclease and religating into M13 vector DNA
      without the need of purifying BAL 31-digested DNA from a gel.

PMID- 3891521
TI  - Cassette mutagenesis: an efficient method for generation of multiple mutations at
      defined sites.
AB  - A method is described for the efficient insertion of mutagenic
      oligodeoxynucleotide cassettes which allow saturation of a target amino acid
      codon with multiple mutations. Restriction sites are introduced by
      oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis procedures to flank closely the target codon
      in the plasmid containing the gene. The restriction sites to be introduced are
      chosen based on their uniqueness to the plasmid, proximity to the target codon
      and conservation of the final amino acid coding sequence. The flanking
      restriction sites in the plasmid are digested with the cognate restriction
      enzymes, and short synthetic duplex DNA cassettes (10-25 bp) are inserted. The
      mutagenic cassette is designed to restore fully the wild-type coding sequence,
      except over the target codon, and to eliminate one or both restriction sites.
      Elimination of a restriction site facilitates selection of clones containing the
      mutagenic oligodeoxynucleotide cassette. To make the cassettes, single-stranded
      oligodeoxynucleotides and their complements are synthesized in separate pools
      containing different codons over the target. This method has been successfully
      applied to generate 19 amino acid substitutions at position 222 in the subtilisin
      protein sequence.

PMID- 3891522
TI  - A gene for DNA invertase and an invertible DNA in Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - An assay system for the pin gene function, which suppresses the vh2 mutation of
      Salmonella, was developed and used to show that most strains of Escherichia coli
      K-12 are Pin+, whereas all the strains of E. coli C examined are Pin-. An E. coli
      host strain was constructed and used for detection of DNA fragments carrying the
      E. coli K-12 pin gene cloned in the plasmid vector pBR322. Restriction analysis
      of the cloned fragments showed that the invertible DNA (designated P region) is
      adjacent to the pin gene and that its inversion is mediated by the pin gene
      product. The pin gene was found to be functionally homologous to the gin gene of
      Mu phage and the cin gene of P1 phage. The P region most probably resides within
      the cryptic prophage e14, and the Pin- phenotype is likely to be associated with
      the loss of e14.

PMID- 3891523
TI  - [Asbestos and the quality of drinking water].

PMID- 3891524
TI  - [Criterional significance of immunologic indices in evaluating the effect of
      different doses of benzo(a)pyrene].

PMID- 3891525
TI  - [The sanitary-hygienic service of the Soviet Army during World War II].

PMID- 3891526
TI  - [Scientific basis for a system for controlling the circulation of pathogenic
      Escherichia in the environment and among the population].

PMID- 3891527
TI  - [Sanitary-hygienic provision of the front and the rear during World War II].

PMID- 3891528
TI  - [Hygiene of food supply to the troops on the Far-Eastern front in the war years
      (1941-1945)].

PMID- 3891529
TI  - [The work of women during World War II].

PMID- 3891530
TI  - [Results of the activities of the Republic Center for Occupational Diseases of
      the Latvian SSR (on the 20th anniversary of the founding of the occupational
      pathology service in the Republic)].

PMID- 3891531
TI  - [Great national achievement].

PMID- 3891532
TI  - [Significance of pulsating blood flow in artificial circulation].

PMID- 3891533
TI  - Epigastric impedance: a non-invasive method for the assessment of gastric
      emptying and motility.
AB  - The impedance of the epigastrium to a 4 mA, 100 KHz AC current increases while
      liquids of low electrical conductivity are being drunk. Logically, the decline
      which follows occurs as the liquid leaves the stomach. This impedance measurement
      of gastric emptying proved comparable with the dye dilution method. In a placebo
      controlled trial the impedance method recorded significantly faster gastric
      emptying rates after metoclopramide. The impedance trace contains regular
      activity in the 2-4 cycle/min range consistent with gastric contractions. This
      non-invasive and technically simple method may thus provide a measure of
      simultaneous gastric emptying rates and motility.

PMID- 3891535
TI  - Glial polyp (glioma) of the uterine cervix, report of a case with demonstration
      of glial fibrillary acidic protein.
AB  - A case of glial tissue in a polypoid structure of the uterine cervix is
      presented; the presence of glial fibrillary acidic protein was demonstrated by
      immunoperoxidase, confirming the astrocytic nature of the tissue. The main
      hypotheses to explain this unusual finding are discussed.

PMID- 3891536
TI  - Summary of clinical studies with vaginal formulations of terconazole.

PMID- 3891534
TI  - Renal function impairment induced by change in posture in patients with cirrhosis
      and ascites.
AB  - The assumption of upright posture by patients with liver cirrhosis leads to
      striking activation of adrenergic and renin-angiotensin systems. The tilting
      induced modifications in renal function of eight healthy controls and 14
      untreated patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites were related to plasma
      concentrations of noradrenaline, renin activity and aldosterone. All patients had
      preserved renal blood perfusion. All parameters were evaluated during bed rest
      for two hours and in the sitting posture for one hour. Basal plasma renin
      activity (0.1 greater than p greater than 0.05), aldosterone and noradrenaline
      concentrations (p less than or equal to 0.01) were raised in cirrhotics. The
      renal function tests (creatinine clearance, filtered sodium, tubular rejection
      fraction, urinary sodium excretion) were significantly reduced in cirrhosis.
      Under basal conditions, in cirrhotic patients tubular rejection fraction and
      urinary sodium excretion were inversely related to both noradrenaline and
      aldosterone concentrations. After tilting, the noradrenaline and aldosterone
      integrated outputs (sigma delta) were significantly greater in cirrhosis. All
      renal function tests significantly decreased in cirrhotics, whereas creatinine
      clearance only significantly decreased in controls. Patient's tubular rejection
      fraction of sodium and sodium excretion were related to sigma delta
      aldosteronaemia (r = -0.72; p less than 0.01), but no longer to sigma delta
      plasma noradrenaline.

PMID- 3891537
TI  - In vitro studies with terconazole.

PMID- 3891538
TI  - Advantages of a 6- to 7-day treatment with 40-mg vaginal suppositories of
      terconazole against vaginal candidosis: conclusions drawn from a phase II
      multicentre study in France.

PMID- 3891539
TI  - Treatment of vaginal candidosis with three 80-mg terconazole vaginal
      suppositories: results of a multicentre study in France.

PMID- 3891540
TI  - Comparative double-blind evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of
      terconazole 240-mg suppository (1 day) and 80-mg suppositories (3 days) versus
      clotrimazole 200-mg (3 days) in pregnant patients with vulvovaginal candidosis.

PMID- 3891541
TI  - One-day treatment of vaginal candidosis: comparison of terconazole 240-mg
      suppository with clotrimazole 500-mg vaginal tablet.

PMID- 3891542
TI  - Increased plasma proteinase activity of mice bearing the BCL1 leukemia.
AB  - Plasma samples from mice bearing the BCL1 leukemia were shown to express elevated
      levels of neutral proteinase activity when assayed with radioiodinated casein as
      a substrate. Increased plasma proteinase activity reached levels 3-4-fold higher
      than controls. The increased levels of activity did not correlate with the degree
      of hepatosplenomegaly or the number of tumor cells in the blood. The onset of the
      increase in plasma activity correlated with the onset of the leukemic phase of
      the disease. These findings with the murine leukemia may be analogous to recent
      findings of abnormal proteinase activity in plasma from patients with acute
      leukemia.

PMID- 3891543
TI  - [Krukenberg-plasty in the E. Marquardt modification].
AB  - The Krukenberg-procedure to convert a forearm stump into a grasping organ with
      tactile sensation gives the bilateral forearm-amputee more independence than the
      exclusive fitting and training with prostheses. The main indication is the blind
      bilateral forearm-amputee. Since Krukenberg's first publication in 1917 the
      method has been modified by different authors because of the difficult skin
      closure of the radial and the ulnar half of the forearm. The proposed incision
      allows the surgeon to cover both the ulna and the radius grasping surface with
      skin having normal tactile sensation and avoids excision of forearm muscles.
      These muscles are important for blood supply and for the quality of grasp. The
      surgical procedure will be described even in stumps too long or too short.

PMID- 3891544
TI  - [Covering of chronic sacral ulcers by myocutaneous gluteus maximus island flaps].
AB  - Experience with 18 cases of chronic sacral ulcers treated with gluteus maximus
      island flaps and a review of perioperative managements are presented. Sacral
      pressure sores in immobile patients sometimes require radical surgery. Suitable
      cover can be obtained by myocutaneous island flaps. In seven patients defects up
      to six cm in diameter were covered by unilateral gluteus maximus myocutaneous
      island flaps. Eleven defects up to 17 cm in diameter were closed by bilateral
      gluteus maximus island flaps. The donor sites were closed primarily by direct
      approximation. There was no flap necrosis. In two patients wound dehiscence
      occurred and in another two there was delayed wound infection. In one infected
      case a fistula became established and this was treated by further excision and
      advancement of the flaps. In all cases suitable healing with adequate padding was
      obtained. There has been no recurrence of ulceration after two years.

PMID- 3891545
TI  - [Primary histiocytic lymphoma of skin and subcutaneous tissues].

PMID- 3891546
TI  - [The immune system in celiac disease].

PMID- 3891547
TI  - [Viral hepatitides--interim review with some practical points].

PMID- 3891548
TI  - Forty years of the development of Czechoslovak parasitology.

PMID- 3891549
TI  - [Effect of mazindol on insulin and glucagon secretion in ventromedial
      hypothalamic obese rats].
AB  - The effect of mazindol on insulin and glucagon secretion was studied in
      ventromedial hypothalamic lesioned (VMH) obese rats with hyperinsulinemia and VMH
      sham rats. Three weeks after the VMH or sham operation, VMH and sham rats were
      divided into two groups: one was fed diet containing mazindol (50 mg/kg) and the
      other was fed diet without mazindol. They were housed three more weeks before the
      experiment. Mazindol reduced significantly body weight increase and calorie
      intake in VMH rats, but not in sham rats. In addition, the fasting plasma insulin
      level and the arginine-induced insulin secretion in VMH rats treated with
      mazindol were significantly lower than those in the VMH rats without treatment of
      mazindol. On the other hand, in both in vivo and in vitro experiments, mazindol
      produced no significant change in the insulin secretion of sham-operated rats.
      These results suggest that mazindol suppresses hypersecretion of insulin in VMH
      rats probably through an anorectic effect and/or suppression of vagal
      hyperactivity.

PMID- 3891550
TI  - Immunology in Prague: critical contribution to a biological revolution.

PMID- 3891551
TI  - Antibacterial immunity of lower airways: local or localized?
AB  - Clearance of bacteria in the bronchoalveolar lavage, the level and functional
      activity of IgA and changes in the cellular composition of BAL were examined in
      mice after supralaryngeal immunization and subsequent challenge with Klebsiella
      pneumoniae. More than 60% of the bacterial inoculum was removed by nonspecific
      mechanisms within 90 min after inoculation; within the time interval 1.5-3.5 h,
      clearance was significantly accelerated in locally immunized mice. The
      enhancement of clearance effectiveness is specific and increases proportionally
      with the length of immunization (1 less than 2 less than 4 weeks); it is of short
      duration and towards the end of the 3rd week after immunization, in 73% of
      immunized animals, the clearance values did not differ from values found in
      controls. The local immunization did not influence the total level of IgA in BAL,
      the formation of specific IgA antibody was minimal, in vivo binding of IgA to
      klebsiella could not be demonstrated. In immunized mice, a significant increase
      in the numbers of PMN and lymphocytes, as well as an increased activity of
      phagocytic cell (PMN, MP) was found in BAL. The time interval of 1.5-3.5 h after
      challenge bounds the space for mechanisms, activated by local immunization in
      lower airways. The actual participation of individual factors in the accelerated
      elimination of bacteria from the lumen of airways, remains unclear so far.

PMID- 3891552
TI  - Stimulation of human blood lymphocyte by different polyclonal B cell activators
      of bacterial and plant origin: production of IgM, IgG and IgA estimated by the
      ELISA method.
AB  - Lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors were stimulated in
      vitro with pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A, flagellin, Nocardia delipidated cell
      mitogen (NDCM) and heat-killed bacteria Escherichia coli and Actinomyces
      viscosus. A simple and sensitive technique, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA) was used for the detection of nanogram levels of IgM, IgA and IgC in
      media from lymphocyte cultures after polyclonal stimulation, Pokeweed mitogen,
      NDCM and E. coli were shown to stimulate a high production of IgM; after
      stimulation with A. viscosus a higher production of IgA was detected. No
      immunoglobulin production was observed after stimulation with polymerized
      flagellin.

PMID- 3891553
TI  - Review on skin and mucous-membrane irritation tests and their application.
AB  - The history and present state of routine testing for skin and eye irritation are
      reviewed. Various changes to the traditional Draize test have been proposed by a
      number of workers, and it is concluded that the adoption of the modified Draize
      test should be the first decisive step to be taken in the search for new methods
      in irritation testing. Other new methods, such as testing using organ and cell
      cultures, and determination of the relationship between physico-chemical
      properties and irritative potential, have been reported. Although at present
      these techniques require further validation, some of them show considerable
      promise of reliably predicting the irritative effects of substances on humans.

PMID- 3891554
TI  - Mutagen content of wines contaminated with common yeasts.
AB  - Wines exhibiting a microbial haze were collected and their microbial contents
      identified. Contaminant yeast species were cultured in grape musts under
      controlled conditions and extracts of the resultant wines were assayed for
      mutagen content using four strains of Salmonella in the Ames
      Salmonella/microsome/faecalase system. The wine extracts exhibited some toxicity
      to Salmonella but no mutagen content. It would appear that mutagen content is
      more a function of the grape species and must preparation than of microbial
      metabolism during fermentation.

PMID- 3891555
TI  - Mutagenic effects of thiram in mammalian somatic cells.
AB  - The dimethylthiocarbamate fungicide thiram has been found to be a potent and
      direct inducer of point mutations at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl
      transferase (HGPRT) locus in Chinese hamster cells in vitro. It also increased
      the incidence of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes in the bone marrow of
      mice given a single ip dose of 100 mg/kg. Both the in vitro and the in vivo
      mutagenic responses were observed with doses of thiram that were cytotoxic.

PMID- 3891556
TI  - The disposition of saccharin in animals and man--a review.
AB  - Recent studies on saccharin in animals and man have allowed a detailed
      understanding of its fate in the body. Saccharin is slowly absorbed from the gut
      but rapidly eliminated in the urine, largely by renal tubular secretion.
      Saccharin does not undergo detectable metabolism in either animals or man. Tissue
      specific accumulation in the urinary bladder, suggested by single and multiple
      dose studies in rats, was not found during chronic administration in the diet.
      The bladder tissue is part of the central, rapidly equilibrating, compartment.
      The sex- and generation-specificity of the tumorigenic effect is not due to
      unique accumulation in the urinary bladder of F1 males. Saturation of renal
      tubular secretion, which occurs in rats fed 5% saccharin or more in the diet, was
      not found in human volunteers given large oral doses (2 g).

PMID- 3891557
TI  - The genotoxicity of sodium saccharin and sodium chloride in relation to their
      cancer-promoting properties.
AB  - The literature indicates that sodium saccharin is non-reactive to DNA and
      inactive as a gene mutagen in vitro. At elevated dose levels it is capable of
      producing structural disturbances in eukaryotic chromosomes in vitro, and it
      shows intermittent activity as a very weak germ-cell and somatic-cell mutagen in
      vivo. Its possible mode of action in these respects is speculated on and related
      to its ability to promote bladder tumours in rats at elevated dose levels. A
      review of the toxicology of sodium chloride reveals a profile of genotoxic
      activities almost identical to that of sodium saccharin. It is suggested that the
      recorded genotoxic and cancer-promoting activities of these chemicals will only
      become apparent at elevated dose levels that define them as significant
      contributors to the biological medium (solvent) rather than as trace xenobiotic
      toxins (solutes). The possible activity of acid saccharin, or of its potassium,
      calcium and ammonium salts, as ionic genotoxins requires urgent evaluation.

PMID- 3891558
TI  - A review of epidemiological studies on artificial sweeteners and bladder cancer.
AB  - Next to tobacco, saccharin may be the substance that has been most studied
      epidemiologically. Over 5000 patients with bladder cancer have participated in
      case-control studies; over 27,000 diabetics have been observed for 234,000 person
      years. The summary relative risk from combining all case-control studies is less
      than 0.98, the standardized mortality ratio for bladder cancer in diabetics is
      only 70. Analysis of these studies leads to the conclusion that saccharin is not
      related to human bladder cancer.

PMID- 3891559
TI  - The influence of roasting procedure on the formation of mutagenic compounds in
      coffee.
AB  - Mutagenic products can be formed during the processing of food and especially as
      a result of heat treatment. Direct acting mutagenic activity was found in
      extracts of instant coffee and roasted coffee beans using Salmonella typhimurium
      TA100 in vitro. The mutagenic activities of the four pure coffee varieties
      examined (Coffea arabica Santos, Coffea arabica Columbia, Coffee robusta
      Indonesia, Coffee robusta Camerun) were within the same range. Twenty milligrams
      per plate freeze-dried powder prepared from aqueous roast coffee extracts induced
      between six and ten times the number of revertants found in the negative
      controls. Green coffee beans had no mutagenic activity. Mutagenicity increased
      with roasting time up to 4 min in the Probat drum roaster and then remained
      constant (i.e. no further increase after 8 min, the time normally used to roast
      coffee). The genotoxic compounds were quickly formed at temperatures below 220
      degrees C (in normally roasted coffee the beans must reach a temperature of 220
      degrees C). Mutagenic activity was independent of the roasting procedure (Jetzon
      procedure v. Probat drum roaster).

PMID- 3891561
TI  - [Calculation of the power of refraction of intraocular lenses].

PMID- 3891560
TI  - [History and technic of intracapsular cataract extraction].

PMID- 3891562
TI  - [Frequency of flicker stimulus-dependent pupillary oscillation in diabetics].

PMID- 3891563
TI  - [Intensified conventional insulin therapy--a particular task of the specialty
      clinic].

PMID- 3891564
TI  - [Blood glucose lowering by human insulins and highly purified porcine insulin.
      Metabolic study in insulin-injecting diabetics].

PMID- 3891565
TI  - [Clinical study on grading of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) according to
      intravenous radionuclide voiding cystography (IRVC) and radiorenogram].

PMID- 3891566
TI  - Diagnostic approach to hepatic hemangiomas detected by ultrasound.
AB  - Eighty cases of hepatic hemangioma were studied using ultrasound. In one group
      consisting of 28 subjects a final diagnosis of hepatic hemangioma was supported
      by arteriography (21 cases) or surgery (7 cases). In the remaining 52 cases, the
      diagnosis was uncertain and the normal clinical and biochemical findings with the
      ultrasound follow-up studies at intervals of 3, 6 and 12 months, made a diagnosis
      of hemangioma highly probable. Twenty-nine cases (9 cases of the first group and
      20 of the second) were also evaluated by Tc-99m colloid and in vivo Tc-99m
      labelled red blood cell scintigraphy. On the basis of ultrasound appearance and
      internal structure, hemangiomas may be divided into three groups: hyperechoic
      pattern (of which there were 16 cases in our study), cystic or anechoic pattern
      (5 cases), and complex pattern (7 cases). Fifty-two cases of uncertain diagnosis
      showed hyperechoic focal lesions with rounded, well-defined margins and no
      clinical or biological abnormalities. Differentiation from malignant forms must
      be approached according to the specific ultrasound pattern observed and the
      presence or absence of symptoms. Only in cases of hyperechoic, well-defined
      lesions detected in asymptomatic patients may a reliable diagnosis of hemangioma
      be made. The use of in vivo Tc-99m-labeled red blood cell scintigraphy (Tc-99m
      RBC scintigraphy) is useful in hyperechoic and cystic forms having a diameter
      greater than 3 cm. Complex forms invariably require additional studies, using
      complementary procedures (angiography, angio-CT) to confirm diagnosis.

PMID- 3891567
TI  - Insulinotropic effect of ovarian steroid hormones in streptozotocin diabetic
      female mice.
AB  - To investigate the protective effect of ovarian sex steroids against
      streptozotocin diabetes, groups of ovariectomized streptozotocin diabetic female
      mice were treated orally with estradiol-17 beta (5 and 500 ug/kg/day) or
      progesterone (1 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks. Streptozotocin produced a more severe
      hyperglycaemia and a greater fall in plasma insulin concentrations in
      ovariectomized mice than intact female mice. The estradiol-17 beta and
      progesterone treatments reduced both the severity of the hyperglycaemia and the
      fall in plasma insulin. Loss of pancreatic insulin after streptozotocin
      administration was reduced in intact mice and in mice treated with estradiol-17
      beta. These observations suggest that ovarian sex steroids reduce the severity of
      streptozotocin diabetes at least partly by countering the cytotoxic effect of the
      drug on the islet B-cells, thereby reducing the fall in pancreatic and plasma
      insulin.

PMID- 3891568
TI  - Amino acids in normal and diabetic ducks.
AB  - The transient diabetes, observed in ducks after subtotal pancreatectomy, induces
      hyperglycaemia and hyperamino-acidaemia. Threonine and alanine are quantitatively
      the most important amino acids in both normal and diabetic animals, suggesting a
      particular role of threonine in amino acid metabolic pathways in the duck. The
      hyperaminogenic role of the decreased insulin levels, and the neoglucogenic
      effect of a low, but not negligible, glucagon secretion, during diabetes, are
      discussed.

PMID- 3891569
TI  - Effect of gonadotropin releasing hormone on ventral prostate of rat.
AB  - Testosterone induced increase in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity was
      inhibited by simultaneous treatment with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
      and its analogue in the ventral prostate of rat. Inhibition of 3H-uridine, 3H
      phenylalanine and 3H-leucine incorporation into TCA precipitable material was
      also inhibited by GnRH in the dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treated animals. These
      studies further confirm that GnRH acts directly on ventral prostate and causes
      inhibitory effects.

PMID- 3891570
TI  - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) concentration in human amniotic fluid.
AB  - Several studies report that placenta and amniotic fluid (AF) may be a source of
      many peptide hormones. Although the presence of gastric inhibitory polypeptide
      (GIP) in amniotic fluid has not been described, it is present in the fetal gut.
      In this study we report the presence of insulin and GIP in human AF of normal and
      diabetic pregnancies. GIP concentrations in the AF collected two hours after an
      arginine tolerance test (ATT), at 34-36 weeks of gestation, were evaluated in 8
      normal and 53 diabetic pregnant women. GIP was found in all samples of AF. The
      mean AF-GIP concentrations were 133 +/- 19 pmol/l in controls and 111 +/- 6
      pmol/l in the diabetics, being the GIP values of the diabetics belonging to White
      Class B significantly lower than those of normals (99 +/- 10 vs 133 +/- 19
      pmol/l). The GIP/IRI molar ratio was significantly lower in the diabetics than in
      controls (1.2 +/- 0.2 vs 2.5 +/- 0.4); moreover the GIP/IRI molar ratio was
      significantly higher in AF collected from diabetic pregnant women who delivered
      overweight infants than in AF of normal weight infants or controls. This finding
      would suggest a negative feedback mechanism between GIP and insulin in fetus.

PMID- 3891571
TI  - Zinc metabolism during captopril treatment.
AB  - In 14 hypertensives the effect of captopril (angiotensin-converting enzyme
      inhibitor) treatment on red blood cell Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ concentrations and
      on plasma Zn2+ concentrations were studied. Intraerythrocytic Zn2+ concentrations
      increased slightly, whereas plasma zinc concentrations decreased. The concurrence
      of hypozincemia with side effects resembling the symptoms of zinc deficiency such
      as loss of smell and taste suggests a role of alterations in zinc metabolism for
      the pharmacodynamics of captopril.

PMID- 3891572
TI  - Somatomedin, alpha 2-inhibitor and hypoglycemic stress.

PMID- 3891573
TI  - Hyper-alpha-lipoproteinemia in rats induced by sucrose and insulin.

PMID- 3891574
TI  - The organization of cell populations within lymph nodes: their origin, life
      history and functional relationships.
AB  - The normal lymph node comprises a superficial cortex, a deep cortex or paracortex
      and a medulla. In each of these regions there are three kinds of spaces: an
      intralymphatic space, an intravascular space and an extravascular space or
      interstitium. Both the vascular endothelium and the lymphatic endothelium are
      specialized in these different regions. The cell types in lymph nodes comprise
      lymphoid cells, accessory or non-lymphoid cells and stromal cells, and within
      these cell types a number of different sub-types can now be identified by means
      of enzyme- and immunocytochemistry. Based predominantly on experimental studies,
      the origin, migratory patterns, localization, inter-relationships and
      interactions between these various cells are reviewed.

PMID- 3891575
TI  - Cell populations within lymph nodes.

PMID- 3891576
TI  - Economic discrimination against elderly psychiatric patients under medicare.

PMID- 3891577
TI  - Eliminating drug abuse exemption sparks concern among providers.

PMID- 3891578
TI  - Nocardia asteroides aortitis with perforation of the aorta.
AB  - A 53-year-old man died of nocardial aortitis eight months after undergoing aortic
      valve replacement. Autopsy revealed vegetation in the area of a previous
      aortotomy incision and a small perforation of the aorta enclosed by pericardium
      immediately above the prosthetic valve ring. Prosthetic valve endocarditis was
      not present. Multiple splenic infarcts, microabscesses of both kidneys, and
      myocarditis were identified. Antemortem blood cultures and postmortem cultures of
      the aortic vegetation grew Nocardia asteroides.

PMID- 3891579
TI  - Argentaffin endocrine carcinoma (carcinoid) of the pancreas with concomitant
      breast metastasis: an immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study.
AB  - A pancreatic carcinoid tumor that metastasized to the breast is reported. The
      breast tumor was originally diagnosed as adenocarcinoma of the breast. Silver
      impregnation revealed the presence of argentaffin cytoplasmic granules.
      Immunocytochemical studies demonstrated immunoreactivity for serotonin but not
      for lactalbumin, a marker for breast epithelial cells. These features, together
      with the electron microscopic observation of pleomorphic secretory granules,
      permitted recognition of the tumor as metastatic carcinoid. This report
      illustrates the importance of the combined histochemical, immunocytochemical, and
      electron microscopic studies of breast tumors with a carcinoid pattern.

PMID- 3891580
TI  - Subtyping of haptoglobin--presentation of a new method.
AB  - A method is described for large scale routine phenotyping of haptoglobin (Hp)
      which allows complete subtyping without prior purification of the Hp molecule.
      The procedure includes polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing of reduced,
      neuraminidase treated serum or plasma samples, and nitrocellulose blots developed
      with the immunoperoxidase technique. Different variables including sample
      treatment, electrofocusing, blotting procedures, and immunoperoxidase
      visualization are discussed. Characteristic alpha-chain patterns allow
      identification of the common allotypes 2FS, 2SS, 2FF, IS, IF, and Johnson.
      Isoelectric variations in the beta-chain may also be recognized. For comparison,
      two-dimensional Hp-patterns are presented. The results from concurrent typing of
      600 samples by ordinary starch gel electrophoresis and by the described
      isofocusing technique, are evaluated.

PMID- 3891581
TI  - Bovine superoxide dismutase in Fanconi anaemia. Therapeutic trial in two
      patients.
AB  - Bovine superoxide dismutase (SOD) (Peroxinorm, Grunenthal Stolberg) was injected
      intramuscularly or subcutaneously in a daily dose of 4 mg over a period of six
      weeks into two patients with Fanconi anaemia. The effects (measured by the
      decrease of chromosome aberrations in blood lymphocytes and the increase in blood
      cells in venous blood) were evident but temporary. The hypothetical mode of
      action of SOD and the failure of a prolonged therapeutic effect are discussed.

PMID- 3891582
TI  - Interactions of fibronectin with Treponema pallidum.
AB  - The adhesive or opsonic glycoprotein, fibronectin, is associated with the surface
      of Treponema pallidum as shown by immunofluorescence. A quantitative assay using
      iodine-125 (125I) showed that T pallidum harvested seven days after infection
      bound more fibronectin than T pallidum harvested 14 days after infection. This
      increased binding by "younger" organisms was confirmed by radioimmunoassay
      techniques. Fibronectin appears to have a role in treponemal attachment.
      Preincubation of T pallidum with goat or rabbit antibody to fibronectin blocked
      treponemal attachment to cultured cells and to isolated capillaries and inhibited
      treponemal virulence. Treponemes were incubated in glass wool columns pretreated
      with fibronectin and were then eluted from the columns. This technique yielded a
      population of T pallidum that failed to bind to fibronectin. Compared with
      treponemes eluted from control ovalbumin columns, organisms eluted from
      fibronectin columns attached to cultured cells in larger numbers but did not
      survive as long and were not as virulent. Findings are discussed in terms of the
      relevance of interaction between treponemes and fibronectin in the pathogenesis
      of T pallidum.

PMID- 3891583
TI  - Chronicity of infection with Treponema paraluis-cuniculi in New Zealand white
      rabbits.
AB  - Popliteal lymph nodes from eight New Zealand white rabbits with clinical or
      serological evidence of naturally acquired infection with Treponema paraluis
      cuniculi were transferred to rabbits that had not been exposed to this infection.
      Lymph nodes from two rabbits successfully transmitted infection. The nodes from
      one of these rabbits transmitted infection during both the acute and chronic
      stages of infection. Recipients that were successfully infected showed
      concomitant antibody responses in the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory
      (VDRL), rapid plasma reagin (RPR), and fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption
      (FTA-ABS) tests six to 10 weeks after inoculation; recipients of uninfected nodes
      showed no change in serological state. Antibody responses were followed by the
      development of dark field positive genital lesions 14 to 15 weeks after
      inoculation.

PMID- 3891584
TI  - Does detection of chlamydial antibodies by microimmunofluorescence help in
      managing chlamydial lower genital tract infection in women?
AB  - A total of 113 women thought to have chlamydial infection of the lower genital
      tract were studied prospectively to evaluate the effect of antibiotic treatment
      on antibodies to chlamydiae detected by microimmunofluorescence. Of them, 81 were
      randomly selected for treatment with a two week course of either triple
      tetracycline or erythromycin stearate, and 32 who had microimmunofluorescent
      antibodies to, but did not yield cultures for, chlamydiae were used as controls
      and left untreated. Results for the treated patients showed that 22 (27%) had at
      least a fourfold fall in the microimmunofluorescent titre, but there was a
      similar rise in titre in 14 (17%), and the titre remained unaltered in 45 (56%)
      patients. In the control group 10 (31%) patients had at least a fourfold fall in
      titre, but there was a similar rise in titre in seven (22%), and it remained
      unaltered in 15 (47%) patients. The differences between these percentages in
      treated and untreated patients were not significant.

PMID- 3891585
TI  - Acrosoxacin used in treating gonorrhea caused by penicillinase-producing
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID- 3891586
TI  - Culture of Candida albicans on gonococcal and Sabouraud's media correlated with
      presence or absence of signs or symptoms and positive results on microscopy and
      cytology.

PMID- 3891587
TI  - Production of monoclonal antibodies defining guinea pig T-cell surface markers
      and a strain 13 Ia-like antigen: the value of immunohistological screening.
AB  - The production and characterization of eight monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against
      surface markers of guinea pig T-cells is reported. MAbs CT5 and CT7 define
      putative pan-T-cell markers. CT5, however, also reacts with the B-cell leukemic
      line L2C. MAb CT6 is reactive with less than 30% of peripheral T-cells. MAbs CT1,
      2, 3, 4, and 8 are reactive with lymphocytes, but not with germinal center B
      cells. In addition to the CT's, a MAb (CI-13.1) has been prepared that reacts
      with an Ia-like antigen on cells of strain 13 and outbred guinea pigs, but not
      with cells of strain 2 animals. CI-13.1 cross-reacts with human tissue sections:
      About 30% of the OKIa-positive dendritic cells in the human dermis are recognized
      by CI-13.1. In the course of production and characterization, various binding
      assays and an immunohistological method were used for determining the antibody
      specificity. Immunohistological screening was found to be the most informative
      method.

PMID- 3891588
TI  - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibody to a 60-kD glycoprotein in
      ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - Monoclonal IgG1 antibodies 2C8 and 2F7, derived by immunization of mice with a
      glycoprotein-enriched fraction of human ovarian adenocarcinoma, recognized a 60
      kD glycoprotein in the ovarian tumor but not in normal ovary. Survey of other
      normal adult tissues by an indirect solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) revealed
      the presence of the antigen in trace amounts in various normal organs such as
      small intestine, liver colon and urinary bladder, except in lung where its
      concentration was as high as in tumors. Among fetal tissues tested, intestine and
      placenta had the highest activities. By RIA, about 50% of ovarian and colonic
      tumors had elevated levels of the antigen. All ovarian cyst fluids, both benign
      as well as malignant, also contained a high level of the antigen. Immunodepletion
      studies indicated that the antigen was distinct from carcinoembryonic antigen and
      the ovarian cancer antigens described in our laboratory with other monoclonal
      antibodies. The antigen bound to Con A-Sepharose and was eluted with 2% alpha-D
      mannoside, was soluble in 0.6 M perchloric acid and stable at 100 degrees C for
      30 min. The antigenic activity in isolated plasma membrane enriched fractions of
      ovarian adenocarcinomas was sensitive to trypsin, chymotrypsin or protease
      treatment but unaffected by neuraminidase, beta-galactosidase, periodate or
      methanol treatment. By immunoperoxidase staining, the antigen was localized in a
      variety of human tumors showing widespread distribution.

PMID- 3891589
TI  - A highly restricted antigen for renal cell carcinoma defined by a monoclonal
      antibody.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies against renal cell carcinoma (RCC) antigens were generated
      by immunizing Balb/c mice with the human RCC cell line 7860. After cloning many
      RCC reactive monoclonal antibodies, one antibody (D5D), was of special interest.
      Specificity testing against 33 human tumor cell lines revealed D5D to have no
      specific reactivity with 17 specimens of normal adult or fetal kidney. Reactivity
      with 67 specimens of nonrenal tissue demonstrated no reactivity. The reactivity
      of D5D with 15 different RCC tissues has been variable, being present in 60% of
      cases. Preliminary data, however, suggest that the antigen may be reexpressed for
      some of the remaining 40% during in vitro propagation.

PMID- 3891590
TI  - Computer-based discrimination of abnormal stomachs using radiograms.

PMID- 3891591
TI  - [Immunology of neurosyphilis: intrathecal synthesis of Treponema pallidum
      specific IgG and IgM antibodies].
AB  - Due to uncharacteristic symptoms of central nervous system (CNS) alterations
      during Treponema pallidum (TP) infection, the exact diagnosis of neurosyphilis
      has become more and more difficult. Particularly, there is a lack of sufficiently
      specific and sensitive assays for the demonstration of intrathecal synthesis of
      TP-specific immunoglobulins. TP-specific IgG or IgM class antibodies were
      estimated quantitatively in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 302 syphilitic
      patients by a modified enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), and antibody concentrations
      were quantitated as ELISA units per mg total IgG or IgM. In 197 of 237 patients
      with neurosyphilis an intrathecal synthesis of TP-specific IgG or IgM could be
      demonstrated by a 3- to 450-fold higher antibody concentration in the CSF than in
      the corresponding serum. In contrast, 65 patients without CNS involvement on the
      infection did not show any difference in the antibody concentration of CSF and
      serum. Thus, the diagnosis of neurosyphilis respectively the exclusion of CNS
      participation on the TP infection on an immunological base has become possible.

PMID- 3891592
TI  - Serum antibodies and their role in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
      in aspergillosis.
AB  - A total of 22 sera from patients with aspergilloma and allergic bronchopulmonary
      aspergillosis (ABPA) were examined concomitantly for specific antibody against
      Aspergillus fumigatus antigen and for their activity in antibody-dependent cell
      mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against Aspergillus antigen-coated target cells.
      These sera demonstrated significant precipitin bands in agar gel double diffusion
      test (78% of ABPA and 75% of aspergilloma sera), while in indirect
      immunofluorescence studies all sera showed positive reactivity with a titer
      distribution of 1:40 to 1:160 and 1:40 to 1:320, respectively, for ABPA and
      aspergilloma sera. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay all sera demonstrated
      titers varying from 1:200 to 1:6400. Several sera also displayed marked cytotoxic
      reactions against A. fumigatus antigen-coated SB target cells in ADCC assays
      using normal lymphocytes as effector cells (35% of aspergilloma and 25% of ABPA
      sera). These findings suggest a role for ADCC activity in patients with
      Aspergillus infections.

PMID- 3891593
TI  - Biotechnological production and functional characterization of leukocytic
      cytokine(s) with cytotoxic effect on resting but not activated thymocytes.
AB  - In the present report we describe the analysis of suppressive and cytotoxic
      factor(s) derived from Con A-induced porcine leukocyte culture supernatant
      solution(s) (PCAS). The supernatant solution(s) had been produced on a
      biotechnological scale using porcine peripheral blood leukocytes isolated from
      200 to 1000 1 of porcine blood. The supernatant solution(s) were tested for their
      effect during murine T cell activation. We found that crude supernatant
      solution(s) contain suppressive and cytotoxic factor(s) (SF) which have a similar
      selectivity for non-activated thymocytes as suppressive factor(s) previously
      detected in the supernatant solution(s) of allo-antigen-stimulated murine spleen
      cell cultures. SF was obtained from crude serum-free culture supernatants by
      fractionated ammonium-sulphate precipitation between 35 and 45% saturation. SF
      has the following characteristics: its release into the culture supernatant is
      dependent on mitogenic stimulation, it acts during early stages of T lymphocytic
      activation, the activity towards naive thymocytes is most likely caused by an
      irreversible cytolytic mechanism, and phenotypically and functionally immature
      thymocytes are preferentially affected through exposure to SF.

PMID- 3891594
TI  - Transfer of specific immunosuppression of graft rejection using lymph from
      tolerant liver-grafted rats.
AB  - The effect on graft rejection of lymph from rats rendered tolerant of donor
      antigens by liver transplantation has been studied. Transfer, by daily
      intravenous injection, of lymph from PVG rats grafted with DA livers prolonged
      the survival of DA skin, kidney and heart grafts in normal PVG recipients. The
      effect was specific for the antigens of the liver donor. Suppression was short
      term only; thus, after lymph injections were stopped, rejection occurred with a
      time course approximating a normal first-set reaction. The result suggests a
      reversible interference by materials in the tolerant lymph with early stages of
      sensitization of the recipients.

PMID- 3891595
TI  - Comparison of the pharmacological profiles of cyclosporine, (Nva2)-cyclosporine
      and (Val2)dihydro-cyclosporine.
AB  - The pharmacological profiles of two new derivatives of the immunosuppressive
      drug, cyclosporine, is presented here. (Nva2)-CS has very similar properties to
      CS, but lacks the nephrotoxic side-effects. This derivative appears to be a
      potential successor to cyclosporine. (Val2)DH-CS seems to have a different
      spectrum of activities. It does not suppress humoral immunity and allograft
      rejection, but suppresses some types of cell-mediated immune responses. This
      derivative may prove useful in autoimmune situations where T cells are involved
      in the disease process.

PMID- 3891596
TI  - Monocytes and other infiltrating cells in human colorectal tumours identified by
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies have been used to examine the patterns of infiltrating
      cells in colorectal tumours staged according to Dukes' classification. MAbs
      reacting with monocytes, but not tissue Mph, revealed a six-fold increase in
      monocytes in metastasizing C tumours compared to normal gut. The non
      metastasizing B tumours could be divided into one group containing increased
      numbers of monocytes, and a second group comparable to control gut. T-cell
      numbers were increased in all tumour stages by an average 1.4-fold, which
      disguised the lack of consistent pattern in T-cell subset ratios in the tumour
      stromal tissue. However, in the tumour epithelium, there was a constant decrease
      in the Ts + c cell subset and a subsequent alteration in T-cell subset ratio in
      favour of Th + i cells. With the progression from Dukes' Stage B to C, there was
      an increase in the proportion of monocytes and T cells which were activated as
      detected by mAbs to the C3b receptor and IL-2 receptor, respectively. These
      observations suggest that an immune response is in progress in these colorectal
      tumours and that it is most active in the metastasizing Dukes' C tumours. Whether
      this response is elicited by the tumour or other elements, whether it is
      detrimental to tumour growth, or whether it is actively assisting tumour growth
      and possibly dissemination, are matters of conjecture.

PMID- 3891597
TI  - [Immunologic findings in dermatomyositis. Observations on 20 cases and a review
      of the literature].

PMID- 3891598
TI  - [Psoriasis and pemphigoid].

PMID- 3891599
TI  - [Methodological problems in the study of antitreponemal IgM].

PMID- 3891600
TI  - Use of a monoclonal, anti Plasmodium berghei antibody, cross reacting with P.
      falciparum, for the detection of P. falciparum in in vitro infected blood.
AB  - This report describes an immunoradiometric assay for Plasmodium falciparum in
      infected blood, based on a cross-reacting monoclonal antibody (mAb) raised
      against P. berghei. In this assay, binding of the mAb to intact P. berghei
      parasites coated on microtiter plates is inhibited by solubilized P. falciparum
      infected red blood cells. The use of P. berghei parasites in conjunction with
      monoclonal antibodies should facilitate the development of an inexpensive and
      reproducible test for the immunodiagnosis of malaria.

PMID- 3891601
TI  - Further evidence for the procidin function of C3.
AB  - It was found that heat-inactivated serum supported phagocytosis, but did not
      promote oxygen consumption or killing of Candida, by human polymorphonuclear
      leucocytes (PMNs). It was also established that C3 is required for activation of
      the PMN candidacidal related mechanisms of superoxide anion generation and
      iodination. Addition of purified C3 to C3 deficient serum restored phagocytic
      killing. Further evidence for C3 involvement in Candida killing was obtained from
      studies of PMN ingestion and killing in the presence of trypan blue or heparin.
      Trypan blue, which antagonises C3 receptors, prevented efficient killing, as did
      heparin, which affects C3 conversion in normal serum. From these results it is
      evident that phagocytic killing is not an obligatory consequence of ingestion.
      The findings also indicate that killing by PMNs is dependent upon the interaction
      of humoral factors, termed procidins, with receptors responsible for initiation
      of microbicidal mechanisms. Activation products of C3 may stimulate phagocytic
      killing by engagement of their counterpart receptors on PMNs.

PMID- 3891602
TI  - Enumeration of (auto)antibody producing cells in human using the "spot-ELISA".
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (spot-ELISA) for individual immunoglobulin
      secreting cells, which became recently available, was applied to the enumeration
      of human B lymphocytes secreting specific antibodies of thyroglobulin.
      Polyclonally activated B cells from patients with auto-immune thyroid disease are
      incubated in thyroglobulin coated plates. After removal of the cells specific
      antibodies are visualized by means of an immunoenzyme technique employing agarose
      to localize converted substrate. Individual specific antibody secreting cells are
      counted as blue spots using an inverted microscope. Numbers and isotype of spots
      correlate well with the amount and isotype of secreted antibody as detected with
      a conventional ELISA. This easy to perform, complement-independent technique
      offers a useful alternative to conventional plaque forming cell assays.

PMID- 3891603
TI  - A possible role for natural killer cells in providing protection against
      Plasmodium berghei in early stages of infection.
AB  - Beige mutant mice, which are deficient in natural killer (NK) cells, exhibited a
      significantly higher parasitaemia than the parental C57BL/6 strain between days 4
      and 10 after infection with Plasmodium berghei. Within 8-12 days after infection
      70% of beige mice were dead but no deaths occurred in the parental strain until
      day 16. The median survival time of the beige mice (10 days) was significantly
      lower than that of the parental strain (22 days). It appears that NK cells may be
      protective in the early stages of malarial infection.

PMID- 3891605
TI  - De novo formation of immune complexes in human kidney allografts.
AB  - Cryostat sections of 11 rejected human renal grafts were selected for positive
      results in immunofluorescence tests. Immune complexes were detected in glomerular
      basement membrane (9 cases), tubular basement membrane (3 cases), and vessels (5
      cases). Preincubation of the sections with FII of pooled human serum, but not of
      rabbit serum, prevented the staining of immune complexes for human IgG. These
      findings were interpreted by the assumption that most complexes under study were
      produced by reaction of the patient's altered IgG with the rheumatoid-like factor
      of IgG variety.

PMID- 3891604
TI  - Defective expression of HLA class I antigens: a case of the bare lymphocyte
      without immunodeficiency.
AB  - A case of the bare lymphocyte without apparent immunodeficiency was observed in a
      33-year-old woman who had no history of severe infections but suffered from sino
      bronchial disease. No HLA-A and -B antigens (class I antigens) were detected at
      the cell surface of lymphocytes, granulocytes, and platelets, but they were
      expressed, although at a reduced level, on the cultured B lymphoid cell line. T
      lymphocytes were normal in number and in the relative proportion of T4/T8 and
      responded to mitogens but not to PPD and candida. HLA-DR antigens (class II
      antigens) were present on B lymphocytes and showed intermediate MLR-stimulatory
      capacity, which made it possible to deduce the patient's HLA genotype. She was
      found to be homozygous at consanguinity for HLA-A, -B, and -DR antigens. The
      numbers of B lymphocytes, immunoglobulins, and complements were all in the normal
      range; there was, however, a low level of IgM. Two-dimensional gel analysis of
      class I antigens revealed the presence of normally expressed beta-2
      microglobulins (B2M) and an apparently single set of class I heavy chains,
      allowing us to consider two alternative cellular mechanisms in this defect; the
      presence of one abnormal class I structural gene and the regulatory mechanism
      that acted in cis were suggested.

PMID- 3891606
TI  - Translation of human macrophage activating factor (for glucose consumption) mRNA
      in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
AB  - Total messenger RNA was extracted from a human T cell hybridoma, clone H-E4-9,
      which strongly produced macrophage activating factor for glucose consumption (MAF
      G). This messenger RNA gave rise to functional MAF-G when translated in Xenopus
      laevis oocytes. Isoelectric focusing of culture supernatants of the mRNA
      microinjected oocytes and the H-E4-9 cells revealed that the former contained MAF
      Gs with isoelectric points of pH 5.0 and 3.0 while the latter contained MAF-Gs
      with isoelectric points of pH 5.0 and pH 3.3. Sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation analysis showed that MAF-G mRNA prepared from H-E4-9 cells
      sedimented at about 11.5 S.

PMID- 3891607
TI  - Detection of filarial antigen in urine by sandwich ELISA & its use in diagnosis.

PMID- 3891608
TI  - Enteropathogens colonisation of the jejunum in paediatric diarrhoea.

PMID- 3891609
TI  - Mass blood survey in three villages of Rameswaram Island endemic for malaria.

PMID- 3891611
TI  - Neonatal gram negative pyogenic meningitis: therapeutic evaluation.

PMID- 3891610
TI  - Renal disorders and diseases of the newborn.

PMID- 3891612
TI  - Plasmid mediated enterotoxin production and drug resistance amongst Escherichia
      coli from cases of infantile diarrhea.

PMID- 3891613
TI  - Systemic and coronary hemodynamic effects of pinacidil in awake normotensive and
      hypertensive dogs.
AB  - We studied the systemic and coronary hemodynamic effects of a new
      antihypertensive agent, pinacidil, in nine morphine-sedated chronically
      instrumented dogs with one-kidney renal hypertension and eight similarly treated
      sham-operated normotensive dogs. The renal hypertensive dogs exhibited higher
      mean aortic blood pressure, total peripheral vascular resistance, and plasma
      renin activity before pinacidil administration than the sham-operated animals.
      The renal hypertensive dogs also had a lower left ventricular norepinephrine
      content, but the two groups did not differ significantly in plasma norepinephrine
      levels, cardiac output, or heart rate. Pinacidil decreased mean aortic pressure
      and total peripheral vascular resistance and increased cardiac output and heart
      rate in both groups. The changes in aortic pressure, total peripheral vascular
      resistance, and cardiac output were similar between the two groups, but the
      increase in heart rate was attenuated in renal hypertension. The peak rate of
      rise of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt), the ratio of left ventricular dP/dt
      and the developed pressure during isovolumic contraction (dP/dt/P), myocardial
      oxygen consumption, and plasma norepinephrine levels increased after pinacidil
      administration in the sham-operated dogs, but did not change in the renal
      hypertension group. The two groups did not differ in their responses of left
      ventricular dP/dt to intravenous isoproterenol. Pinacidil also caused coronary
      vasodilation in both groups, as evidenced by an increase in coronary blood flow
      and decreases in coronary vascular resistance and myocardial oxygen extraction.
      The decrease in myocardial oxygen extraction was similar in the two groups, but
      the increase in coronary blood flow was significantly less (p less than 0.05),
      probably because of the absence of an increase in myocardial oxygen consumption
      in the renal hypertensive dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3891614
TI  - Hypertension in experimental diabetes mellitus. Renin-prostaglandin interaction.
AB  - To investigate mechanisms involved in the high incidence of hypertension in
      diabetes mellitus, the relationship between renin-angiotensin production and
      renal prostaglandin E2 synthesis was studied in rats 1 week after diabetes
      mellitus had been induced by streptozotocin injection. The diabetic rats became
      hypertensive, although plasma renin activity did not increase despite the plasma
      volume contraction resulting from polyuria and natriuresis. Subcutaneous insulin
      injection resulted in a marked increase in plasma renin activity, while more
      rigid control of diabetes mellitus achieved by constant insulin infusion
      decreased blood pressure. Cortical renin content and renin release as well as
      papillary prostaglandin E2 synthesis in vitro were significantly lower in
      diabetic rats than in nondiabetic controls. Isoproterenol and prostaglandin E2
      stimulated renin release in controls, while diabetic rats responded only to
      isoproterenol. Insulin infusion by pump reversed these abnormalities. An additive
      effect of a maximum dose of isoproterenol (10(-5) M) and prostaglandin E2 (10(-4)
      M) on renin release was observed in nondiabetic controls and in diabetic rats
      treated with insulin pump, but not in untreated diabetic rats. The results
      suggest that 1) renal renin release and prostaglandin E2 synthesis in diabetes
      mellitus are insulin dependent, 2) inappropriately lower plasma renin activity in
      diabetes mellitus may be attributed to a diminished renal renin pool and a lack
      of renin release in response to renal prostaglandin E2, the synthesis of which is
      also impaired in diabetes, prostaglandin E2-induced renin release may operate
      independently from isoproterenol-induced renin release, and impaired renal
      prostaglandin E2 synthesis may contribute to the development of hypertension in
      the face of an unchanged prohypertensive renin-angiotensin II system.

PMID- 3891615
TI  - Reactivity to norepinephrine and effect of sodium on blood pressure during weight
      loss.
AB  - Eighteen moderately obese middle-aged men with untreated mild hypertension were
      randomized to two groups and placed on a low energy diet regimen for 9 to 11
      weeks. In Group I (n = 10) the amount of sodium chloride in the diet maintained
      the urinary sodium excretion at the predieting level. Mean body mass was reduced
      by 9.1 +/- 0.7 (SEM) kg. Mean intra-arterial pressure showed no significant
      change. There were significant decreases in heart rate (p less than 0.05) and
      urinary norepinephrine excretion (p less than 0.05) but not in plasma
      concentration of norepinephrine. In Group II (n = 8) energy as well as sodium
      intake was restricted, with a 95 +/- 22 mmol/24 hour reduction of urinary sodium
      excretion. Body mass decreased by 9.3 +/- 1.1 kg, and mean arterial pressure
      decreased by -18.9 to -4.3 mm Hg (95% confidence interval). There were also
      significant reductions in heart rate (p less than 0.001) and plasma
      norepinephrine concentrations (p less than 0.01) but not in urinary
      norepinephrine excretion. The pressor response (mean arterial pressure) to
      norepinephrine infusion at different dose rates was significantly elevated (p
      less than 0.05) in Group I during dieting in comparison with baseline. The blood
      pressure response to norepinephrine during dieting in patients in Group II was
      not changed from baseline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3891616
TI  - Chronic dietary tyrosine supplements do not affect mild essential hypertension.
AB  - The blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine response to oral tyrosine, the
      precursor of norepinephrine, supplementation (2.5 g t.i.d.) of regular meals was
      examined in 13 untreated patients with mild essential hypertension. Using a
      randomized double-blind crossover design, each 2-week treatment was followed by a
      2-week supplement-free interval. Supine and standing blood pressure and plasma
      norepinephrine levels were measured at the beginning and end of each 2-week
      treatment. Plasma tyrosine levels increased (p less than 0.001) from 71.2 +/- 8.0
      nM/ml at baseline to 152.8 +/- 17.4 nM/ml 2 hours after the tyrosine supplement.
      Blood pressure under control conditions was 144 +/- 3 Hg systolic, 91 +/- 2 mm Hg
      diastolic (109 +/- 2 mm Hg mean) after 30 minutes in the supine position and 148
      +/- 4 mm Hg systolic, 102 +/- 3 mm Hg diastolic (117 +/- 3 mm Hg mean) after 5
      minutes of standing. Plasma norepinephrine levels were 191 +/- 18 pg/ml in the
      supine subjects and 390 +/- 33 pg/ml in the standing subjects. No difference in
      systolic, diastolic, or mean blood pressure, heart rate, or plasma norepinephrine
      levels were seen between the beginning and end of each period or between groups.
      Individual changes in blood pressure showed no correlation with individual
      changes in norepinephrine levels. These results indicate that the addition of a
      tyrosine supplement to the usual diet of mild hypertensive subjects has no
      beneficial effect on blood pressure.

PMID- 3891617
TI  - Captopril potentiates chronotropic baroreflex responses to carotid stimuli in
      humans.
AB  - Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor and has profound effects on autonomic
      neural mechanisms in experimental animals. Human carotid baroreflex control of
      arterial pressure and heart period was examined before and after acutely
      decreasing angiotensin II levels by administering 50 mg of oral captopril, an
      angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Carotid baroreceptor stimuli were
      delivered by a neck chamber worn by 14 normotensive volunteers. Four subjects
      received placebo. Arterial pressure responses to carotid distention and
      tachycardia in response to carotid compression were not changed in captopril or
      placebo groups; however, there was an augmented bradycardic response to carotid
      stretch in captopril-treated subjects. These results indicate that captopril has
      an asymmetrical effect on carotid baroreflex function and suggest that enhanced
      baroreflex mediated bradycardia is due to a reduction in central nervous system
      angiotensin II levels by captopril, which augments vagal-cardiac responses to
      carotid stimuli.

PMID- 3891618
TI  - Is calcium more important than sodium in the pathogenesis of essential
      hypertension?
AB  - The hypothesis that abnormalities of calcium homeostasis at both an organ and
      cellular level are a primary factor in the pathogenesis of human and experimental
      hypertension forms the basis of this review. The rapidly expanding data base
      relating disordered calcium metabolism to altered vascular smooth muscle function
      and increased peripheral vascular resistance is summarized and integrated with
      the observations that reduced dietary calcium intake is the most consistent
      nutritional correlate of hypertension in the United States. The role of sodium
      and sodium chloride in pathogenesis of hypertension is reassessed in the light of
      new data from epidemiological clinical research, experimental models, and cell
      physiology investigations. The data supporting the thesis that the effects of
      sodium or chloride or both on blood pressure may represent, in selected
      situations, secondary influences mediated through induced changes in calcium
      homeostasis are presented. The interface between these nutritional factors and
      the normal regulation of vascular smooth muscle is discussed, providing a
      theoretical framework in which to assess the current information and to formulate
      the necessary future research.

PMID- 3891619
TI  - [Concepts, fabrication and adjustment of a simplified thermoformed orthodontic
      palatal plate].

PMID- 3891620
TI  - [Changes in removable partial dentures in gerodontology].

PMID- 3891621
TI  - The halo brace in unstable fractures of the cervical spine: a review of 14 cases.
AB  - A series of 14 patients with unstable fractures of the cervical spine, treated
      initially with skull traction and a few days later with a halo-thoracic brace, is
      described. Nine of the injuries were fractures of the odontoid process and the
      rest were at various levels. No patient with major neurological defects was
      included in the halo brace treatment. The halo brace provides significant
      advantages, including immediate mobilization with less time in hospital and less
      nursing. The results of the present series are encouraging; stable conditions
      were achieved in all cases.

PMID- 3891622
TI  - Antibody-independent and -dependent opsonization of group B Streptococcus
      requires the first component of complement C1.
AB  - The role of the classical complement pathway and specifically the first
      component, C1 in antibody-independent opsonization of type Ia group B
      Streptococcus (GBS) was investigated. For these studies a radiolabeled bacterial
      uptake assay was developed that was dependent on time and bacterial concentration
      and that required an intact classical complement pathway. To directly investigate
      the role of C1 in opsonization of type Ia GBS, C1 was isolated by chromatography
      on an immunoglobulin G (IgG) affinity column and further purified by molecular
      sieve chromatography on an Ultrogel AcA 22 column. When normal human serum was
      absorbed with 10(9) CFU of type Ia or III GBS, the serum opsonic capacity
      diminished (33 to 34%) for type Ia GBS compared with unadsorbed serum.
      Preincubation of the bacteria with purified C1 (10(4)U of C1 per ml) restored the
      opsonizing capacity of the adsorbed serum. A C1-depleted serum was prepared from
      the nonadherent fractions of the CH-sepharose 4B IgG column which only contained
      5 U of C1 per ml. Substitution of C1-depleted reagent for normal serum in the
      uptake assay resulted in dramatic decreases in the opsonization of type Ia GBS,
      but opsonization could be restored by preincubation of the bacteria with purified
      C1. Heat-inactivated C1 depleted serum did not support opsonization of type Ia
      GBS, even with the addition of C1. Preincubation of type Ia GBS with heat
      inactivated hyperimmune sera did not result in opsonization of type Ia GBS in the
      presence of C1-depleted serum. However, opsonization could be restored by the
      addition of C1, and the effects of C1 and antibody were additive. These results
      indicate the critical role of C1 in direct activation of the classical complement
      pathway by type Ia GBS and in antibody-mediated opsonization of the bacteria.

PMID- 3891623
TI  - Mycobacterium lepraemurium infection of nude athymic (nu/nu) mice.
AB  - Nude athymic (nu/nu) mice on a BALB/c background and their heterozygous euthymic
      litter mates (nu/+) were infected with either 10(8) or 10(6) Mycobacterium
      lepraemurium organisms intravenously or in the left hind footpad (LHF). After LHF
      infection with 10(8) M. lepraemurium organisms, nu/+ mice slowly developed a
      response that consisted of LHF swelling and local resistance to Listeria
      monocytogenes. The lower inoculum induced a proportionately lower response in
      nu/+ mice, but the nu/nu mice developed neither LHF swelling nor resistance to L.
      monocytogenes in response to either dose of M. lepraemurium. Counts of M.
      lepraemurium in the LHF revealed no difference between the nu/+ mice and nu/nu
      mice. After intravenous infection the nu/+ mice developed splenomegaly, but did
      not otherwise differ from nu/nu mice with respect to resistance to intravenous
      challenge with L. monocytogenes or growth of M. lepraemurium in the spleen. In
      light of the poor responsiveness of nu/+ mice in this experiment, they were then
      compared with CB6 and B6D2 mice, which are genetically susceptible and resistant
      to M. lepraemurium, respectively. These mice were infected with either 10(8) or
      10(6) M. lepraemurium cells or 10(6) Mycobacterium bovis BCG cells in the LHF.
      Once again the nu/+ mice responded poorly to M. lepraemurium, the CB6 mice
      responded very strongly, and the B6D2 mice gave an intermediate response with
      respect to LHF swelling and resistance to L. monocytogenes. However, M.
      lepraemurium grew to higher numbers in the LHF of nu/+ and CB6 mice than in B6D2
      mice, revealing, in CB6 mice, a dissociation between resistance to L.
      monocytogenes and M. lepraemurium. All three mouse strains responded strongly to
      M. bovis BCG, but there was a suggestion that nu/+ mice might be more susceptible
      to this agent than the other two strains. I concluded that the failure of nu/+
      mice to restrict the growth of M. lepraemurium more than nu/nu mice was due to
      the intrinsic genetic susceptibility of both types of mice. In effect, the nu/+
      mice behaved like nu/nu mice, as if they too were deficient in T lymphocytes that
      were responsive to M. lepraemurium.

PMID- 3891624
TI  - Activity of rabbit leukocyte peptides against Candida albicans.
AB  - Six related cysteine-rich, low-molecular-weight peptides were purified from
      rabbit peritoneal granulocytes and tested in vitro for fungicidal activity
      against Candida albicans. Two peptides (NP-1 and NP-2) were highly effective, one
      (NP-3a) was moderately active, and three (NP-3b greater than NP-4 much greater
      than NP-5) had substantially less potency. There was a general, but imperfect,
      correlation between the candidacidal potency of each peptide and its net cationic
      charge. Candidacidal activity by NP-1 was concentration and time dependent and
      occurred rapidly under optimal low-ionic-strength conditions. It was inhibited by
      increasing either the ionic strength or Ca2+ concentration of the incubation
      mixtures, but was relatively unaffected by Mg2+. Candidacidal activity was
      independent of H+ concentrations between pH 5 and 8, but decreased below pH 5.
      Candidacidal activity was temperature sensitive and was virtually abolished when
      NP-1 was incubated with C. albicans at 0 degrees C. Cysteine-rich antimicrobial
      peptides such as NP-1 and NP-2 may equip leukocytes to deal with infections
      caused by C. albicans and other fungi that are susceptible to their microbicidal
      effects.

PMID- 3891625
TI  - Correlation of binding of rabbit granulocyte peptides to Candida albicans with
      candidacidal activity.
AB  - NP-1, a candidacidal peptide purified from rabbit granulocytes, bound extensively
      and with biphasic kinetics to Candida albicans. The primary phase of binding was
      temperature independent and occurred even at 0 degrees C. This primary binding
      was relatively specific, reversible, saturable, and of high capacity. It was
      inhibited by increased salt concentrations in the incubation medium, but was
      relatively unaffected by increasing the calcium ion concentration or by lowering
      the incubation temperature to 0 degrees C. The secondary phase of binding was
      only noted under conditions that supported candidacidal activity. Secondary
      binding was inhibited by millimolar concentrations of calcium, but not magnesium,
      ions and did not occur at 0 degrees C or when subtoxic concentrations of NP-1
      were tested. NP-2 and NP-3a, other potent candidacidal peptides from rabbit
      granulocytes, also bound directly and extensively to C. albicans and competed for
      binding with NP-1. NP-4 and NP-5, less candidacidally active homologs of the
      aforementioned peptides, showed relatively little direct binding activity and
      competed poorly for binding with NP-1 or NP-2. NP-3b, another less candidacidal
      homolog, bound extensively to C. albicans, but did not compete effectively with
      NP-1 or NP-2. By comparing candidacidal and binding activity of the peptides, we
      conclude that the candidacidal activity of NP-1 involves primary binding to C.
      albicans followed by postbinding events that are temperature dependent and
      inhibitable by calcium ions.

PMID- 3891626
TI  - Effect of bacterial competition on the opsonization, phagocytosis, and
      intracellular killing of microorganisms by granulocytes.
AB  - The ingestion of Escherichia coli by human granulocytes in vitro was reduced in
      the presence of Bacteroides fragilis or Staphylococcus aureus. This reduction of
      ingestion proved to be mainly attributable to the absence of opsonization of E.
      coli, which was due to complement consumption by B. fragilis and S. aureus. The
      intracellular killing of E. coli was decreased in the presence of B. fragilis and
      S. aureus because of consumption of complement components required for
      extracellular stimulation of granulocytes to kill intracellular bacteria.
      Decreased intracellular killing of E. coli by granulocytes containing either B.
      fragilis or S. aureus is due to the limited killing capacity of granulocytes.
      These interactions between E. coli and B. fragilis or S. aureus found for
      phagocytosis and intracellular killing were also observed in in vivo studies: in
      an experimental thigh lesion infection in mice, E. coli showed stronger
      proliferation after coinoculation with B. fragilis or with S. aureus than after
      injection of E. coli alone. These in vitro and in vivo findings indicate that
      bacterial interactions, not only between aerobic and anaerobic bacteria but also
      between two species of aerobic microorganisms, compete for host defense
      mechanisms (i.e., opsonization, phagocytosis, and intracellular killing).

PMID- 3891627
TI  - Synthetic lipid A with endotoxic and related biological activities comparable to
      those of a natural lipid A from an Escherichia coli re-mutant.
AB  - A synthetic compound (506), beta (1-6) D-glucosamine disaccharide 1,4'
      bisphosphate, which is acylated at 2'-amino and 3'-hydroxyl groups with (R)-3
      dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl and (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl groups,
      respectively, and has (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl groups at 2-amino and 3-hydroxyl
      groups, exhibited full endotoxic activities identical to or sometimes stronger
      than those of a reference lipid A from an Escherichia coli Re-mutant (strain
      F515). Endotoxic activities tested include pyrogenicity and leukopenia-inducing
      activity in rabbits, body weight-decreasing toxicity in normal mice, lethal
      toxicity in galactosamine-sensitized mice and chicken embryos, and the
      preparation and provocation of the local Shwartzman reaction in rabbits. Compound
      406, a synthetic counterpart of a biosynthetic precursor of lipid A molecule,
      showed by contrast only weak activities in all of the above assay systems except
      for the lethality in galactosamine-loaded mice. This finding strongly suggests
      that the presence of acyloxyacyl groups at the C-2' and C-3' positions of the
      disaccharide backbone is one of the most important determinant structures of the
      lipid A molecule for exhibition of strong biological activities characteristic of
      lipopolysaccharide and its lipid A moiety. The activities of the corresponding 4'
      monophosphate (compound 504) and 1-monophosphate (505) analogs were considerably
      less than those of the parent molecule 506 and the reference F515 lipid A.
      Regarding other biological activities, not only compound 506 but also compounds
      504, 505, and 406 showed definite activities, sometimes comparable to those of
      F515 lipid A and other reference natural products. These are the activation of
      Tachypleus tridentatus amoebocyte clotting enzyme cascade and human complement
      via the classical pathway, mitogenic and polyclonal B-cell activation of murine
      splenocytes, stimulation of peritoneal macrophages in a guinea pig, enhancement
      of migration of human blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and induction of a
      serum factor that is cytostatic and cytocidal to L-929 cells in Mycobacterium
      bovis BCG-primed mice. Relative potencies of test synthetic compounds depended on
      the assay systems and varied from one system to another. Dephospho-compound 503
      lacked most of the biological activities that were definitely observed with
      phosphorylated compounds, probably because of its insolubility. This study
      demonstrates the successful chemical synthesis of an E. coli-type lipid A.

PMID- 3891628
TI  - Evolution of cell types and T-cell subsets in the spleens of Mycobacterium bovis
      BCG-resistant and M. bovis BCG-susceptible strains of mice after infection with
      M. bovis BCG.
AB  - In mice, the early host response to intravenous infection with small doses of
      dispersed Mycobacterium bovis BCG is controlled by the Bcg gene. After infection
      with a low dose of M. bovis BCG, Lyt-1+ cells were generated in the spleens of
      BCG-susceptible mice (Bcgs) in parallel with an increase in the proportion of
      phagocytic cells. Very few changes occurred in the splenic cell types of BCG
      resistant mice (Bcgr).

PMID- 3891629
TI  - Detection of genes for heat-stable enterotoxin I in Escherichia coli strains
      isolated in Brazil.
AB  - Heat-stable enterotoxin I (STI) can be assayed in intestinal loops of pigs and
      rabbits and in the gut of infant mice. To produce a simpler and more
      discriminating assay procedure, we used three gene probes corresponding to three
      forms of STI called STIa, STIb, and STIc. We tested 159 Brazilian isolates, of
      which 40 were positive in the infant mouse assay. The STIb and STIc probes are
      similar (93% DNA homology) and are both different from the STIa probe (70% DNA
      homology). Of 33 strains that were still active for STI 3 years after their
      isolation, 25 reacted with both the STIb and STIc probes, 4 reacted with the STIc
      probe only, and 7 reacted strongly with the STIa probe and weakly or not at all
      with the other probes. Two strains reacted with all three probes. Further
      analysis showed that each of these two strains contains a small plasmid that
      reacts with the STIa probe and a large plasmid that reacts with the STIc probe in
      one strain and weakly with both the STIa and STIc probes in the other strain. It
      was also shown that the STIa probe reacts with the cloning vehicle pACYC184 used
      for the cloning of STIc. We conclude that the gene probes used can identify most
      STI-producing strains and that in cases of positive responses with several probes
      careful scrutiny is necessary for analysis.

PMID- 3891630
TI  - Differentiation processes of connective tissue mast cells in living mice.
AB  - Mice of mutant genotypes were used to investigate the differentiation process of
      connective tissue mast cells. Mast cell precursors, which are a progeny of the
      multipotential hematopoietic stem cell, leave the bone marrow, migrate in the
      bloodstream and enter into connective tissues where they proliferate and
      differentiate into mast cells. A portion of morphologically identifiable mast
      cells may function as committed and localized mast cell precursors. When local
      production of mast cells is demanded, the mast cells with proliferative
      potentiality respond first. Further demand is met by invasion and differentiation
      of marrow-derived precursors.

PMID- 3891631
TI  - Improved sensitivity and specificity of sandwich, competitive and capture enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assays for allergen-specific antibodies.
AB  - Indirect ELISA is widely used to detect specific antibodies but can suffer from
      high non-specific binding-particularly of IgG. The use of affinity-purified
      rabbit antibody-coated microtitre plates to bind antigen greatly increases
      sensitivity without a significant increase in non-specific binding of IgG.
      Capture, competitive and sandwich assay procedures gave comparable results for
      IgG antibodies; but only the sandwich assay was suitable for detection of IgE
      antibodies.

PMID- 3891632
TI  - Interactions between mast cells, fibroblasts and connective tissue components.
AB  - It has long been recognized that mast cells occur throughout connective tissues.
      Histologic studies have revealed that such cells release their granules into the
      surrounding environment upon exposure to both immunologic and nonimmunologic
      stimuli. By microscopy these extracellular granules appeared to be phagocytosed
      by fibroblasts and by blood-borne phagocytic cells as they entered the site of
      mast cell degranulation. Such in vivo observations led to the suggestion that
      mast cells both altered connective tissue components and influenced fibroblast
      function through these discharged granules. Recent in vitro studies using
      cultured fibroblasts and isolated mast cells and mast cell granules have
      confirmed both these hypotheses. In addition, such studies have also documented
      that fibroblasts degrade ingested mast cell granules. Such studies document that
      a number of critical interactions may occur between mast cells and connective
      tissue components.

PMID- 3891633
TI  - In vitro effects of enzymes of polymorphonuclear leukocytes on the antigenicity
      of stratum corneum.
AB  - Anti-stratum corneum (SC) antibodies of human serum bind in vitro to the SC of
      frozen sections of normal skin of psoriatic patients and of healthy controls.
      Pretreatment of skin sections with selected dilutions of acid extracts from
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) prior to the incubation with serum containing
      anti-SC autoantibodies enhances this binding in comparison with binding to
      untreated sections. Pretreatment of at least some specimens with higher
      concentrations of the same PMN extracts brings about a reduction in their
      reactivity with anti-SC autoantibodies. These findings indicate that enzymes of
      PMN are capable of altering SC antigens by first increasing and then decreasing
      their reactivity with SC autoantibodies.

PMID- 3891634
TI  - Induction of antibodies in rats to a rat carcinoembryonic antigen.
AB  - In a previous communication, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) of rat, which is an
      analogue to human CEA, was demonstrated in gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas
      induced in inbred Fischer rats by injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Antibodies
      detectable by enzyme immunoassay were elicited in Fischer rats by immunization
      with a perchloric acid extract of the CEA-containing rat tumor, RCA-1,
      incorporated into Freund's complete adjuvant. Specificity studies showed that
      activity of the rat antisera could be virtually abolished by inhibition with the
      tumor extract used at a concentration of 25 micrograms/ml. Inhibition by newborn
      rat tissues required extract at a concentration of 250 micrograms/ml. Extracts of
      normal adult tissues did not inhibit at these concentrations, but did inhibit at
      a concentration of 2,500 micrograms/ml. The results showed that rat CEA, though
      present in low concentration in normal adult rat tissue, is capable of eliciting
      an immune response in rats.

PMID- 3891635
TI  - Antibody determination against Aspergillus fumigatus by means of the enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay. I. Liberation of polystyrene binding components
      during cultivation.
AB  - The liberation of polystyrene binding antigenic components (PBC) of Aspergillus
      fumigatus involved in ELISA IgG measurements was studied during cultivation in
      the culture filtrates. PBC were rapidly liberated into the culture medium during
      the logarithmic phase of growth (phase I), were in part degraded or reconsumed
      during the stationary phase (phase II) and again secreted (other PBC) during the
      lytic phase (phase III). ELISA IgG titers and numbers of precipitating components
      are not always related with one another, may show an inverse relationship;
      maximal ELISA titers are reached during phase I when precipitating components are
      limited. The striking similarity between the liberation of PBC and IgE-binding
      components is discussed.

PMID- 3891636
TI  - Increased frequency of high serum IgM among mothers of infants with neonatal
      group-B streptococcal septicemia.
AB  - Total serum IgM levels were studied in 84 mothers of infants with group-B
      streptococcal (GBS) septicemia/meningitis and compared to IgM concentrations in
      91 parturients who were urogenital carriers of GBS but nevertheless gave birth to
      healthy infants. In all, 22 (27%) in the study group showed IgM levels above the
      arbitrarily selected limit of 2.40 g/l, in contrast to 12 (13%) of 91 controls (p
      = 0.02). Among the study group members whose infants were infected with GBS type
      III, 8 of 34 (24%) were high in serum IgM, compared to only 2 of 34 (6%) of the
      corresponding controls (p = 0.04). The total serum IgG levels did not differ
      between the two groups.

PMID- 3891637
TI  - AR identification and spectral estimate applied to the R-R interval measurements.
AB  - The methods of identification and spectral estimate are applied to the tachogram,
      i.e. the time series constituted by the cycle-by-cycle R-R interval durations
      measured on the ECG signal from cardiological patients in ambulatory
      rehabilitation training after episodes of myocardial infarction or ischemic
      disease. The Batch Least Squares Method is applied to identify the series as an
      AR process of 5th order. The whiteness test and Rissanen's optimization criterion
      are also fulfilled. The clinical information is in this way highly compressed in
      the pole diagram and in the Maximum Entropy Spectrum (MES) estimated on the basis
      of the AR coefficients. The experimental results in a restricted set of patients
      confirm the feasibility of new instrumentation design criteria for non
      conventional R-R intervals parametrisation, successive diagnostic classification
      and beat prediction. Finally, some preliminary considerations about the
      capabilities of the introduced methods put into evidence the role of computerized
      techniques in recognizing the fundamental patterns of physiopathological heart
      rate variability, which the usual conventional methods of ECG analysis are not
      able to detect in a reliable way.

PMID- 3891638
TI  - Attributed strings for recognition of epileptic transients in EEG.
AB  - This paper presents a structural pattern recognition system for signals
      interpreted and described by a human expert. For each pattern to be recognized,
      the signal is represented by a sequence of local information ('types of
      primitives') which is syntactically correct if some 'structural attributes' are
      satisfied. Types of primitives and structural attributes are defined. This
      representation method takes a priori knowledge of the expert's descriptions into
      account. Our system is concerned with EEG's analysis. Detection of transient
      events, spikes and spike-and-wave complexes helps the electroencephalographist by
      rejecting parts of the EEG trace which certainly do not contain these patterns.
      The transient events detection keeps a 16% average of the initial trace for
      pathological EEG's and 8.3% for non-pathological EEG's. Only 3.3% of pathological
      EEG's are not rejected after spikes and spike-and-wave complexes detection. The
      results of this parse are compared with human interpretations.

PMID- 3891639
TI  - A monoclonal antibody to human transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder cross
      reacting with a differentiation antigen of neutrophilic lineage.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (MAb) to human transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder
      (TCCB) was obtained by immunization of a BALB/c mouse with formalin-fixed TCCB
      cells and subsequent fusion of the spleen cells with SP2-OAg14 myeloma line. GF
      26.7.3 MAb was selected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) as reacting agent
      with target cells and negative with autologous lymphocytes and Epstein-Barr virus
      (EBV)-transformed lymphoblastoid cell-line. GF 26.7.3 reacts with a high
      percentage of bladder and colon carcinomas when examined by IIF and
      immunoperoxidase techniques and cross-reacts with a determinant expressed on
      neutrophilic cell lineage. The IIF analysis performed on bone marrow and
      peripheral blood (PB) from healthy subjects and leukemic patients and on leukemic
      cell lines showed that the expression of the structure detected by GF 26.7.3 is
      restricted to the neutrophilic cell lineage and first expressed at the
      promyelocytic level. Immunoprecipitation and SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis (PAGE) of 125 I-labelled membrane proteins from target cells were
      performed, but no bands were detected by autoradiography. In addition, pronase
      insensitivity and periodate sensitivity suggest the possible involvement of a
      carbohydrate determinant.

PMID- 3891640
TI  - A tumor-associated antigen expressed in melanoma cells with lower malignant
      potential.
AB  - The antigen K-1-2, detectable by a MAb is found in nevi and melanomas. It is
      associated with melanoma cells of low invasive and metastatic potential as shown
      by immunoperoxidase studies with cell lines, biopsies and autopsies: K-1-2 occurs
      in melanoma cell line SK-Mel 25, but not in cell line A-375. A-375 has a higher
      malignant potential than SK-Mel 25 because, in contrast to SK-Mel 25, it produces
      plasminogen activator and grows in nude mice. K-1-2 was frequently strongly
      expressed (greater than or equal to 50% cells positive) in flat (less than 1.5
      mm) and less frequently in medium and thick primary tumors. In thick primary
      melanomas K-1-2 positive cells were confined to the junctional zone or to
      marginal, flat areas of the tumor. Only rarely does K-1-2 occur in metastases.
      Strong expression of the K-1-2 antigen was found less often in primary melanomas,
      which develop early metastases, than in tumors that had not metastasized during
      an observation period of 18 months. In 5 patients with disseminated metastatic
      disease, metastases strongly expressing K-1-2 and those negative for this marker
      or containing only a minor percentage of K-1-2 positive cells were observed
      simultaneously or at different times. These findings suggest that a change from
      high malignancy to low malignancy--as observed in animal systems--may also occur
      in human melanoma.

PMID- 3891641
TI  - Alteration of the extracellular matrix of cultured human keratinocytes by
      transformation and during differentiation.
AB  - We have investigated the production of 3 extracellular matrix proteins
      (fibronectin, laminin and entactin) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) by
      keratinocytes derived from human squamous-cell carcinomas (SCCs). All the SCC
      lines retained the ability to synthesize fibronectin, laminin and entactin, and
      to incorporate them into an extracellular matrix. In some of the SCC lines
      fibronectin production was higher than in normal keratinocytes, and in most lines
      laminin production was equal to or higher than that seen in normal keratinocyte
      strains. All the tumorigenic SCC lines produced less entactin than normal
      keratinocytes. Five out of 7 SCC lines showed a shift in GAG production compared
      with normal keratinocytes, so that in these lines heparan sulphate was the major
      GAG as opposed to hyaluronic acid in the normal keratinocytes. As these changes
      could have been a consequence of the reduced differentiation found in the SCC
      lines, we fractionated normal keratinocytes into 4 size classes corresponding to
      different stages of differentiation, using Percoll gradient centrifugation. It
      was found that the ability to produce these extracellular matrix glycoproteins
      and GAGs was lost as keratinocytes terminally differentiated. However, this did
      not explain the matrix changes seen in the SCC lines, since the undifferentiated
      normal keratinocytes produced a normal pattern of extracellular matrix
      components. Nonetheless, the loss of extracellular matrix production may well
      explain the reduction in substratum adhesiveness which occurs as keratinocytes
      terminally differentiate.

PMID- 3891642
TI  - Salbutamol plus beclomethasone dipropionate (Ventolin Flogo) vs. fenoterol
      (Dosberotec) in chronic obstructive lung disease therapeutic strategy: a 4-week
      clinical trial.
AB  - Thirty patients suffering from acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung
      disease were divided on a random basis into two groups and allocated, for
      purposes of comparison, to treatment either with a combination of salbutamol plus
      beclomethasone dipropionate or with fenoterol. The two treatments being compared
      were evaluated on the basis of ventilatory function parameters (FEV1, FVC),
      bronchodilatation tests and subjective and objective clinical investigations
      regarding the bronchopulmonary picture and the tolerance of the drugs. All
      investigations and tests were performed according to identical procedures both
      before and after 4 weeks' treatment, and the data obtained evaluated by
      statistical analysis. The results proved positive for both preparations, though
      the combination of salbutamol plus beclomethasone dipropionate produced a greater
      bronchodilator effect, facilitated a more sensitive response to the
      bronchodilator on the part of bronchial beta2-adrenergic receptors, and was
      characterized by better tolerance.

PMID- 3891643
TI  - Pain perception expressed by postoperative analgetica need in patients with
      nephropathia interstitialis chronica e phenacetin.
AB  - The consumption of narcotic analgesics was investigated after uncomplicated
      renoallotransplantation of 21 patients with nephropathia interstitialis chronica
      e phenacetin and in a control group (N = 21) with renal insufficiency of another
      origin. We find significantly greater consumption in the former group. The
      possibility of a previously existing increased pain sensibility in these patients
      as a disposing factor is discussed.

PMID- 3891644
TI  - Immunological castration by a totally synthetic vaccine: modification of
      biological properties of LH-RH after conjugation to adjuvant-active muramyl
      peptide.
AB  - Recently, we demonstrated that immunological castration of male mice can be
      obtained by immunization with Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LH-RH)
      directly coupled to NAcMur-L-Ala-D-isoGln-L-Lys (MDP-Lys) without carrier and
      Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) but in the presence of Polyvinyl-Pyrrolidone
      (PVP). In the present report, we have observed that: (a) immunization by the
      conjugate, LH-RH-MDP-Lys, was very effective even in absence of PVP, and this
      conjugate was more active than other conjugates containing MDP coupled to LH-RH
      fragments; (b) a strong secondary response could be observed by the
      administration of free LH-RH suggesting that the endogenous secretion of LH-RH
      might elicit a boosting effect; (c) administration of MDP-Lys coupled to LH-RH
      decreased the pyrogenicity of the glycopeptide; (d) such a conjugation also
      decreased the hormonal activity of the antigen although it enhanced its
      immunogenicity. These results show that a conjugate (2000 dalton) of a
      decapeptide hormone with a synthetic adjuvant glycopeptide can induce
      immunological castration in mice after administration in saline. The
      immunopharmacological properties of the conjugate and its conditions of efficacy
      suggest that such an approach could find clinical application.

PMID- 3891645
TI  - Habitual physical activity, training, and blood pressure in normo- and
      hypertension.

PMID- 3891646
TI  - Effects of muscle CHO-loading manipulations on hormonal responses during
      prolonged exercise.
AB  - This study examined the effects of a pre-experimental period of muscle
      carbohydrate (CHO)-loading manipulations followed by a 24-h CHO-poor diet,
      intended to increase muscle glycogen content and reduce hepatic glycogen levels,
      on substrate and endocrine responses during a period of prolonged exercise. Seven
      subjects pedaled a cycle ergometer for 70 min at 64% leg VO2max (1) after normal
      CHO intake (CHON) and (2) after leg muscle CHO loading (CHOL), both of these
      procedures being followed by a period of arm exercise (70 min; 70% arm VO2max)
      and 24 h CHO-poor intake. CHON, as compared to CHOL condition, resulted in
      greater blood concentrations of free fatty acids (1.8 vs 1.3 mmol X L-1),
      glycerol (0.41 vs 0.28 mmol X L-1), norepinephrine (2.2 vs 1.5 ng X ml-1),
      epinephrine (0.90 vs 0.27 ng X ml-1), and cortisol (47 vs 23 g X dl-1) at min 70
      of exercise. Insulin concentrations during exercise showed a strong tendency to
      be lower in CHON than in CHOL condition, although the differences were not
      significant. There were no significant differences between the two conditions in
      blood glucose, lactate, and glucagon concentrations. These data indicate that
      muscle CHO-loading manipulations intended to specifically increase the muscle
      glycogen content are associated with the difference in metabolic adaptation and
      hormonal changes during exercise.

PMID- 3891647
TI  - The super-nettles. A dermatologist's guide to ants in the plants.

PMID- 3891648
TI  - Tar revisited.

PMID- 3891649
TI  - Histiocytes and the skin. Can new methods aid diagnosis?

PMID- 3891650
TI  - Chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood. A vesicular variant (linear IgA
      dermatosis).

PMID- 3891651
TI  - In vitro suppression of human lymphocyte activity by minoxidil.
AB  - The in vitro effect of minoxidil on normal human lymphocyte activity was studied.
      At a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml, minoxidil significantly inhibited
      phytohemagglutinin-dependent lymphocyte DNA synthesis (p less than 0.05), and at
      0.01 mg/ml, 0.05 mg/ml, and 0.1 mg/ml, it suppressed mitogen-dependent production
      of leukocyte migration inhibition factor (p less than 0.04, p less than 0.01, and
      p less than 0.01, respectively), without compromising cell viability. Minoxidil
      thus appears to exert a suppressive effect on normal human T-lymphocytes in
      vitro. The physiologic relevance of these findings remains uncertain.

PMID- 3891652
TI  - Oncogenic transformation with radiation and chemicals.
AB  - Quantitative in vitro assay systems for oncogenic transformation are a powerful
      research tool. They may be based on short-term cultures of hamster embryo cells,
      or established cell lines of mouse origin. While X-ray-induced transformation of
      human cells has been demonstrated, it has proved difficult to develop
      quantitative assay systems based on cells of human origin. The presently
      available quantitative assays have two quite distinct basic uses. First, they may
      be useful to accumulate data which is essentially pragmatic in nature. For
      example, they may be used to compare and contrast the oncogenic potential of
      chemotherapeutic agents or hypoxic cell sensitizers used or proposed in the
      clinic. They may be used to identify compounds that inhibit or suppress the
      transformation incidence resulting from known oncogenic agents, or they may be
      used to demonstrate the interaction between two different agents, such as
      radiation and asbestos. Second, they may prove to be invaluable in the study of
      the basic mechanisms of carcinogenesis, inasmuch as they represent models of
      tumourigenesis in which the various steps can be manipulated and modified more
      readily and in a controlled way.

PMID- 3891653
TI  - Faces: impaired craniofacial growth and dyslexia.

PMID- 3891654
TI  - Antinociceptive models displaying peripheral opioid activity.
AB  - A writhing syndrome was induced in mice by intraperitoneal administration of
      carbacyclin (1-100 micrograms/kg), a potent stable analogue of prostacyclin. A
      quaternary opiate agonist and antagonist, N-methyl morphine and N-methyl
      nalorphine respectively, exhibited potent antinociceptive properties on
      subcutaneous administration in this model. Naloxone and naltrexone also displayed
      weak antinociceptive activity in carbacyclin-induced writhing. Given
      subcutaneously, N-methyl morphine, but not N-methyl nalorphine or naloxone,
      inhibited carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia in the rat paw. Thus, demonstration of
      the peripheral antinociceptive effects of quaternary morphine or nalorphine
      depends upon the experimental model used, in which small variations may affect
      the ability to exhibit such effects.

PMID- 3891655
TI  - The rapidly growing mycobacteria--Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium
      chelonei.
AB  - In summary, rapidly growing mycobacteria, M. fortuitum and M. chelonei, are
      pathogens of increasing importance which are often hospital-acquired and can
      infect patients with iatrogenic immunosuppression. They readily grow on routine
      mycobacterial culture media and must be distinguished from non-pathogenic rapidly
      growing species and slowly growing mycobacteria. Widely distributed in nature,
      they are often present in hospital environments, especially in water. Compared to
      M. tuberculosis they are weak pathogens, and infected patients are not considered
      contagious. Disease is probably acquired from environmental sources by direct
      entry of the organisms through traumatized skin or mucous membranes or by
      aspiration into previously abnormal lungs. They are usually resistant to
      antituberculous agents but are susceptible to several commonly used antibacterial
      agents. Treatment generally requires one or more active antibiotics plus
      adjunctive surgery in many cases. Prevention of nosocomial infection lies in
      proper disinfection of potentially contaminated medical devices and elimination
      of contaminated water.

PMID- 3891656
TI  - The immunology of Hansen's disease.

PMID- 3891657
TI  - Immunology of the ocular surface.

PMID- 3891658
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies: current status in eye research.
AB  - Hybridoma technology has made a major impact on basic immunology and has many
      research and clinical applications in ophthalmology. Monoclonal antibodies can be
      used to characterize ocular receptors, proteins, and cell surface antigens.
      Clinically, these antibodies can be used in vitro and in vivo diagnosis and
      therapy. T-cell hybridoma products may have important research and clinical
      ramifications. They can be used along with monoclonal antibodies to increase our
      understanding of immunological circuit abnormalities in ocular autoimmune,
      immunodeficiency, and malignant diseases. As the specific abnormalities in these
      diseases are delineated, the hybridoma-produced lymphokines may be used
      therapeutically to correct them.

PMID- 3891659
TI  - Recent research into glue-sniffing--extent of the problem its repercussions and
      treatment approaches.

PMID- 3891660
TI  - Self-splicing RNA: implications for evolution.

PMID- 3891661
TI  - Animal mitochondrial DNA: an extreme example of genetic economy.

PMID- 3891662
TI  - [Pulsatile substitution with gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the treatment of
      sterility in hypothalamic amenorrhea].

PMID- 3891663
TI  - [Pulsatile LHRH therapy in male hypogonadism].

PMID- 3891664
TI  - [Therapy with neuropeptide agonists and antagonists].

PMID- 3891665
TI  - Fibronectin in human trabecular drainage channels.
AB  - Fibronectin, an extracellular glycoprotein, has been shown to be produced by
      human trabecular cells in culture by our group as well as Polansky and co
      investigators. Studies of Rodrigues et al suggested that fibronectin may be one
      of several glycoproteins found in increased amounts in the corneoscleral
      trabecular meshwork of glaucomatous eyes. The authors have developed a sensitive
      immunoassay utilizing avidin-biotinylated enzyme complex (ABC) to detect low
      levels of fibronectin in frozen sections of human eyes. The authors have used
      this immunoassay together with a perfusion technique to demonstrate distribution
      patterns of fibronectin present in human aqueous drainage channels. The authors
      found that fibronectin is present in larger quantities in the aqueous drainage
      channels than in the surrounding tissues in 18 eyes from older patients.

PMID- 3891666
TI  - Corneal endothelial polymegathism induced by PMMA contact lens wear.
AB  - Central corneal endothelial photographs were taken for 15 persons who had worn
      polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) contact lenses for 7-15 yr and for a nonwearing
      control group matched for age and sex. An individual cell area analysis was made
      from the cell tracings. Significant endothelial polymegathism was noted for each
      member of the contact lens wearing group. PMMA wearers showed an average
      coefficient of variation of 0.445 for central corneal endothelial cell area
      compared to 0.245 for nonwearers (81.6% increase in polymegathism). The average
      maximum/minimum cell size ratio was 8.06 for the PMMA wearers vs 3.42 for the
      nonwearing control group. The frequency distributions for the cell areas reveal
      that the contact lens wearer develops cells that are much smaller and larger than
      normal.

PMID- 3891667
TI  - Collagen gel for ocular surface.
AB  - A replacement ocular surface requires a substrate that is easily manipulated
      surgically, does not cause an inflammatory reaction, and is nontoxic to
      epithelial cells. This work evaluates the usefulness of a collagen gel as a
      substrate for corneal epithelial cells by determining the ocular toxicity of the
      gel and the ability of the gel to support and maintain corneal epithelial cells
      in vitro. Collagen gels, made from Vitrogen, were easily manipulated and were
      well-tolerated in rabbit eyes for up to 6 wk (n = 3). Epithelial sheets placed on
      collagen gels and incubated at 37 degrees C for up to 13 days remained well
      apposed to the gels and appeared normal, but thinned, from five to three layers.
      The basal cells extended cytoplasmic blebs into the gels, but only one sheet of
      five sheets showed basement membrane deposition by 6-13 days. Thus, the collagen
      gels appear to meet the criteria defined above and may be a suitable substrate in
      biofabricated ocular surfaces.

PMID- 3891668
TI  - Proteases in the Emory mouse cataract.
AB  - Exopeptidases identified as dipeptidyl peptidase III and leucine aminopeptidase,
      and an endopeptidase, prolyl endopeptidase, were found in the Emory Mouse
      cataract and the Cataract Resistant mouse lens extracts. The specific activity
      measured on Arg-Arg-2-NNap for DPP III and the hydrolysis of Boc-Arg-Pro-2-NNap
      for prolyl endopeptidase were higher in the Emory Mouse cataractous lens extract.
      A relatively high rate of hydrolysis of the beta-naphthylamide of leucine
      aminopeptidase was present in both mouse categories; however, the Cataract
      Resistant mouse lens had approximately double the protease activity of the Emory
      Mouse cataract.

PMID- 3891669
TI  - The patient comes first--a commitment we all share.

PMID- 3891670
TI  - Tolerance: implications for nitrate use in angina pectoris.

PMID- 3891671
TI  - A rapid, convenient enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for total immunoglobulin A
      in serum.

PMID- 3891672
TI  - Group B beta haemolytic disease in preterm twins associated with the ingestion of
      infected breast milk--a case report.

PMID- 3891673
TI  - The value of ultrasonography in the screening for asymptomatic abdominal aortic
      aneurysm.

PMID- 3891674
TI  - Successful pregnancy following ovulation induction with pulsatile GnRH.

PMID- 3891676
TI  - Biographical sketches--52. Henle.

PMID- 3891675
TI  - The biochemistry of schizophrenia--a review.

PMID- 3891677
TI  - The use of ultrasound in obstetrics.

PMID- 3891679
TI  - Sonographic identification of the fetus with a major structural congenital defect
      -a brief review.

PMID- 3891678
TI  - Endoscopic controlled trial of four drug regimens in the treatment of chronic
      duodenal ulceration.

PMID- 3891680
TI  - Biographical sketches--53. Herrick.

PMID- 3891681
TI  - Will live organ donations no longer be justified?

PMID- 3891682
TI  - Proquazone for tension headache--a multicenter trial.

PMID- 3891683
TI  - Effectiveness of methysergide in relation to clinical features of migraine.

PMID- 3891684
TI  - [The establishment and development of the dermatological clinics of the
      University of Munster (Alfred Stuhmer, Carl Moncorps and Paul Jordan)].
AB  - The first 25 years in the history of the Dermatology Clinic of the University of
      Munster have been marked by continual striving for acceptable accommodations.
      Alfred Stuhmer founded the clinic in 1925 in an old church of the Poor Clares
      which was under preservation order as a historical monument. In 1938 Carl
      Moncorps received official leave to build a new dermatology clinic but was forced
      to witness the complete destruction of the old clinic during World War II. He was
      not able to move into today's hospital complex until 1950. Stuhmer introduced
      logical, consistent, and exemplary treatment of tuberculosis of the skin. From
      1937 to 1951 Moncorps made great progress in this field which peaked when the
      first immunotherapeutic cure of tuberculosis appeared. Paul Jordan became head of
      the clinic in 1953 and began the shift to an up-to-date and efficient clinic by
      founding special outpatient clinics and laboratories.

PMID- 3891685
TI  - Task and structural correlates of organizational effectiveness in private
      psychiatric hospitals.
AB  - This exploration of the relationships between task and structural variables and
      two dimensions of organizational effectiveness in 76 private psychiatric
      hospitals revealed that high levels of centralization were associated with
      patient care effectiveness. High levels of centralization and formalization were
      associated with administrative effectiveness. An enhancing effect of
      organizational structure is suggested as contributing to organizational
      effectiveness.

PMID- 3891686
TI  - The artificial heart.

PMID- 3891687
TI  - Calcium channel blocking agents: physiologic basis of nursing intervention.
AB  - Calcium channel blocking agents, which are important in the treatment of
      cardiovascular disease, have been in use for nearly 20 years, yet their uses,
      side effects, and implications to the nursing profession have been elucidated
      only recently. The primary effects of these agents are on vascular smooth muscle
      and the AV node. Nifedipine and diltiazem are effective in the relief of angina,
      and verapamil is used in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. This
      article reviewed cardiovascular physiology as it relates to nursing care of
      patients who receive calcium channel blocking drugs.

PMID- 3891688
TI  - Tracheal suctioning and ventilator tubing changes in adult respiratory distress
      syndrome: use of a positive end-expiratory pressure valve.

PMID- 3891689
TI  - Fulminant meningococcemia in children.
AB  - In all respects, the child with fulminant meningococcemia presents a formidable
      challenge to those who care for him/her. Only with prompt recognition of the
      disease and immediate institution of intensive treatment can the likelihood of
      survival be improved and morbidity minimized.

PMID- 3891690
TI  - The effect of a positive end-expiratory pressure adapter on oxygenation during
      endotracheal suctioning.

PMID- 3891691
TI  - Clinical use of amiodarone.
AB  - Amiodarone is unique among the antiarrhythmic agents. Despite its unusual
      pharmacokinetics and its potential toxicity, it is successful in managing both
      supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. Therefore, it is destined to become
      an important drug in our antiarrhythmic armamentarium.

PMID- 3891692
TI  - Clinical management of superior vena cava syndrome.
AB  - SVCS is a relative medical emergency because it is usually the result of partial
      or complete occlusion of the SVC by a malignant tumor. Obstruction of the SVC is
      mimicked by few other organic problems. The traditional view of therapy protocols
      is that treatment can and should be started before an etiologic diagnosis is
      made. More recent literature holds that difficulties arise when treatment is
      started before a cause and location are known. The therapy of choice for this
      localized problem is radiation therapy. High-dose, short-interval radiation is
      the primary treatment around which diuretics, steroids, and anticoagulants are
      added as adjuvants. Most patients treated with radiation therapy respond
      subjectively within 72 hours and show objective signs of relief within 7 days.
      The overall survival rate is dependent on the underlying malignancy. Nursing care
      focuses on the early detection of symptoms of SVCS and the emergency nature of
      the acute phase. Side effects of therapy and nursing care needs result from
      therapy as well as from the underlying disease. The psychosocial stressors on the
      patient and the family are an integral part of the nursing care. The goals of
      nursing management are good supportive care, astute assessment, and monitoring of
      the patient's condition. Finally, SVCS is a relative medical emergency. This
      entity has been described for many years, but it is often misunderstood and
      mismanaged. The goal of medical management is a rapid diagnostic work-up and the
      administration of palliative radiation therapy to alleviate the
      symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3891693
TI  - VIP like immunoreactive nerves in human respiratory tract. Light and electron
      microscopic study.
AB  - The present study provides light and electron microscopical evidence of
      Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide - (VIP) like immunoreactive nerves in human lower
      respiratory tract. Peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) technique was used to localize
      VIP-like immunoreactivity light microscopically and ultrastructurally. Under
      light microscopy, VIP-like immunoreactive nerves were observed in the smooth
      muscle layer of secondary bronchi to small bronchioli, and in bronchial glands.
      In addition, positive immunoreactive nervous network to VIP was found around
      nerve cell bodies in small microganglia. The bronchial epithelium of airway tract
      did not receive any VIP positive nerve fibers. Ultrastructurally VIP-like
      positive immunoreaction was localized in large granular vesicles ranging from 90
      to 210 nm. Usually VIP-like positive immunoreactive nerve profiles contained
      several immunoreactive large vesicles (100-210). However, nerve profiles
      containing only a few positive large vesicles (80-150) were also observed. Under
      electron microscopy VIP-positive nerve profiles corresponded ultrastructurally to
      nerve profiles containing large granular vesicles observed in conventional
      electronmicroscopy. The present study provides new information about the
      innervation of human lower airway tract and widens the concept of their
      functional regulation on the anatomical basis reported here.

PMID- 3891694
TI  - Detection of glucagon in pancreatic A-cells by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - The production of a mouse monoclonal antibody from a hybrid myeloma and its use
      for the detection of glucagon in tissue sections is reported. The hybrid clone
      isolated after fusion of mouse myeloma cells with hyperimmune spleen cells from a
      mouse previously immunized with porcine glucagon allowed us a standardized and
      permanent source of monoclonal antibodies in a culture cell system. The
      monoclonal antibody (3 GL 31) specifically reacts with pancreatic A-cells in
      several species including pig, rabbit, tupaia belangeri and sheep. No
      immunoreactivity is observed against gut cells and neurons.

PMID- 3891695
TI  - Localization of enkephalins in adrenaline cells and the nerves innervating
      adrenaline cells in rat adrenal medulla.
AB  - The coexistence of met5- and leu5-enkephalin-like immunoreactivities with
      catecholamines in the rat adrenal medulla was studied with combined fluorescence
      microscopy and immunocytochemistry. Both met5- and leu5-enkephalin-like
      immunoreactivities were localized in few heavily stained adrenaline cells and in
      a population of nerves innervating adrenaline cells and as well as ganglion cells
      among the adrenaline cells. Only occasionally single noradrenaline cells
      exhibited light immunostaining for both enkephalins but no positive fibers could
      be found around the noradrenaline cells. In electron microscope the
      immunoreaction was seen in the granules of the adrenaline cells and in the large
      synaptic vesicles of the nerve terminals around the adrenaline cells. The present
      findings suggest that enkephalin-like immunoreactivity coexists mainly with
      adrenaline in rat adrenal medulla and that the enkephalin immunoreactive
      terminals regulate secretion of adrenaline from rat adrenal medulla.

PMID- 3891696
TI  - [Distribution pattern of the cellular oral immune system in the major and minor
      salivary glands. Immunocytochemical findings].
AB  - The cellular distribution of lymphocytes and immunocytes in the major and minor
      salivary glands was analysed comparatively by a semiquantitative method on
      mastoids from 53 random autopsies. In a second step, the immunoglobulin producing
      immunocytes were cytochemically distinguished by their content of IgA, IgG and
      IgM. In addition to the major salivary glands (parotid, sublingual and
      submandibular), seven minor salivary gland regions (palate, floor of the mouth,
      upper lip, lower lip, cheek, retrolingual region and tip of the tongue) were
      studied. The immunocytochemical differentiation was performed by the avidin
      biotin-system; the findings were evaluated morphometrically. The following
      results were obtained: The incidence of a marked or massive infiltration with
      lymphocytes and immunocytes, especially in the periductal area, showed the
      following distribution: floor of the mouth 36%, sublingual gland 27%, cheek 26%,
      palate 25%, lower lip 12%, other salivary glands less than 10% (tip of the tongue
      9%, submandibular gland 8%, parotid gland 6%, retrolingual region 4%). 90% of the
      immunocytes contained IgA, whereas only 10% showed IgG or IgM. The highest
      density of IgA producing immunocytes was found in the upper lip, followed by the
      glands in the cheek and lower lip, the submandibular gland and the glands in the
      floor of the mouth. The lowest infiltration rate with IgA containing immunocytes
      was seen in the glands of the tip of the tongue, of the cheek and in the
      submandibular and parotid glands. The glands of the lips and the cheek
      predominated with respect to IgG and IgM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3891697
TI  - Interstitial pneumonitis following total body irradiation for bone marrow
      transplantation using two different dose rates.
AB  - A total of 22 patients with leukemia (10 ALL, 11 AML, 1 CML) have undergone
      allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) by the Quebec Co-operative Group for
      Marrow Transplantation from 1980 to 1982. All patients received 900 cGy total
      body irradiation (TBI), in a single fraction, on the day preceding BMT. The first
      11 patients were treated on a cobalt unit at a constant dose rate of 4.7 to 6.3
      cGy/min. Six of these patients developed interstitial pneumonitis (IP). The
      clinical course of three patients, two with idiopathic and one with drug-induced
      pneumonitis, was mild and recovery was complete in all. The other three patients
      developed severe infectious IP and two died. The next 11 patients were treated
      with a sweeping beam technique on a 4 MV linear accelerator delivering a total
      tumor dose of 900 cGy at an average dose rate of 6.0 to 6.5 cGy/min but an
      instantaneous dose rate of 21.0 to 23.5 cGy/min. Eight patients developed severe
      IP. Five of these were idiopathic and four died. Three were infectious and all
      died. The fatality of interstitial pneumonitis appeared to be greater in the
      group treated with the sweeping beam technique.

PMID- 3891698
TI  - Nitrogen mustard: the origin of chemotherapy for cancer.

PMID- 3891699
TI  - Breast carcinogenesis: risk of radiation.

PMID- 3891700
TI  - Pelvic inflammatory disease and its sequelae in adolescents.
AB  - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is the most common serious complication of
      sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Each year over one million women in the
      United States experience an episode of PID, with approximately 16-20% of cases
      occurring in teenagers. Acute PID increases a woman's risk for recurrent PID,
      chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. Recent reports
      indicating that PID rates are rising and are highest among adolescent females
      aged 15-19 underscore the need to remain current on the clinical as well as the
      epidemiologic aspects of PID. We present such an update in this article. Trends
      in incidence and key risk factors are discussed; besides adolescence itself and
      STD, other important categories of risk factors include sexual activity,
      contraceptive method, and previous episode(s) of PID. The polymicrobial nature of
      PID is discussed along with an analysis of the role of specific organisms, such
      as Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, anaerobic and aerobic bacteria,
      and mycoplasmas in PID. Early diagnosis and the institution of appropriate
      treatment regimens are essential to the prevention of PID's devastating sequelae.
      Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for the wide range of clinical
      presentations associated with PID and be prepared to provide effective
      management, including proper evaluation and prompt treatment of sexual partners.

PMID- 3891701
TI  - Results of a clinical trial of sodium hyaluronate in lens implantation surgery.
AB  - The results from a four-year clinical trial on the use of sodium hyaluronate
      (Healon) are presented. Six hundred three consecutive primary lens implantations
      were performed: 500 after extracapsular cataract extraction and 103 after
      intracapsular cataract extraction. The safety and efficacy of Healon were
      analyzed by examining postoperative ocular hypertension, uveitis, visual acuity,
      and endothelial cell loss. The results of the trial confirm that Healon is safe
      and effective and, provided it is not used in excessive quantities, free from
      serious side effects.

PMID- 3891702
TI  - Metabolic products from microorganisms. 230. Amiclenomycin-peptides, new
      antimetabolites of biotin. Taxonomy, fermentation and biological properties.
AB  - Four new and two known peptide antibiotics containing amiclenomycin (Acm) have
      been isolated from a culture of Streptomyces venezuelae Tu 2460: L-MeIle-L-Acm
      (1), L-Ile-L-Acm (2), L-MeVal-L-Acm (3), L-MeIle-L-Acm-L-Gln (4), L-Ile-L-Acm-L
      Gln (5) and L-Val-L-Acm-L-Gln (6). These di- and tripeptides exhibited
      antimicrobial activity on a minimal medium against Gram-negative bacteria, which
      could be reversed by biotin. It was shown that the antibiotics were decomposed by
      peptidases to provide amiclenomycin (7) after their uptake into cells of
      Escherichia coli via peptide-permeases. The antimicrobial activity of the
      amiclenomycin-peptides was the inhibition of DAPA-aminotransferase by the
      amiclenomycin-warhead, however, amiclenomycin itself was hardly transported into
      the cells. Since the amiclenomycin peptides misuse general transport systems,
      they are presented here as examples for the illicit transport concept.

PMID- 3891703
TI  - An agar plate method for the screening of antibiotics triggering autolytic
      enzymes.

PMID- 3891704
TI  - Glutaminase-like immunoreactivity in the organ of Corti of guinea pig.
AB  - The distribution of glutaminase (GLNase)-like immunoreactivity (IR) in the normal
      and surgically de-efferented organ of Corti of guinea pig was studied. Primary
      antisera were against phosphate-dependent GLNase from rat kidney. Indirect
      immunocytochemical techniques were used; IR was visualized in cryostat sections
      through immunofluorescence, and through immunofluorescence or with horseradish
      peroxidase reaction product in surface preparations. Standard microscopy and
      video-enhanced light microscopy with asymmetric illumination contrast were used.
      GLNase-like IR was found at inner hair cells (IHCs) in the normal and in the de
      efferented organ of Corti, in the tunnel spiral bundle, in tunnel-crossing
      fibers, in endings high up on outer hair cells (OHCs), in outer spiral bundles,
      in puncta close to OHCs, and in large, efferent endings at OHC bases. There was
      no GLNase-like IR at OHCs in the de-efferented organ of Corti. It is concluded
      that GLNase-like IR is present in auditory nerve dendrites at IHCs and in
      olivocochlear efferents of the medial system, and that future studies are needed
      to determine whether also the lateral system of olivocochlear efferents contains
      GLNase-like IR. A diagram is included depicting the relation between OHCs and
      efferent nerve endings along the cochlear spiral, showing that in the apicalmost
      3/4 turn of the spiral OHCs have no efferent endings.

PMID- 3891705
TI  - Endocrine adaptations of periparturient swine to alteration of dietary energy
      source.
AB  - Lipid compared with carbohydrate calories in the diet of peripartal sows was
      examined for specific metabolic effects. Blood samples from second-parity
      Yorkshire sows fed isocaloric-isonitrogenous diets that differed by either
      glucose or corn oil supplying 20% of the daily metabolizable energy intake were
      assayed for growth hormone (GH), insulin and prolactin (PRL) concentrations. On d
      97 to 103 of gestation, serum GH levels were reduced following feed intake; the
      reduction was greater (P less than .05) in glucose-fed sows during the
      postprandial period. Insulin concentration was increased following consumption of
      either diet, but to a greater (P less than .05) extent in glucose-fed sows
      corresponding to the greater (P less than .05) blood glucose response. Basal,
      fasting concentrations of PRL were not affected by dietary energy source;
      however, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) infusion resulted in a greater (P
      less than .05) PRL response of fat-fed sows. Samples obtained on d 8 to 11 of
      lactation revealed that TRH stimulated (P less than .05) GH secretion and the
      response was greater (P less than .05) in fat-fed sows. Plasma insulin
      concentration was increased (P less than .05) following feeding, and the increase
      was greater (P less than .05) in glucose-fed sows. Similar to the response
      measured in gestating sows, TRH-induced increases in PRL was greater in fat-fed,
      lactating sows. Sham-nursing did not influence maternal PRL concentration
      compared with the immediate increase noted following natural nursing. No effect
      of dietary energy source on reproductive performance characteristics was noted.
      Results of this study have shown that dietary lipid, compared with carbohydrate,
      selectively increased the sensitivity of the pituitary gland to a GH and PRL
      secretagogue such as TRH. The beneficial effects of lipid in the diet of
      peripartal swine may be attributable, in part, to the effect of dietary lipid on
      maternal pituitary PRL synthesis and(or) release.

PMID- 3891706
TI  - Effect of 1,3-butanediol and short chain acids in sow gestation diets on maternal
      plasma metabolites and fetal energy storage.
AB  - Gestating sows were fed diets in which 15% of the metabolizable energy was in the
      form of glucose monohydrate (control), 1,3-butanediol (BD) or an equimolar
      mixture of acetate and lactate (AL) in order to study the effects of ketogenic,
      glucogenic and lipogenic substrates on fetal energy storage. Diets were initiated
      on d 90 of gestation. Blood plasma was obtained from sows 2 and 8 h after feeding
      on d 102 of gestation. Sows receiving BD had a higher (P less than .001)
      concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate (.54 vs .12, .14 mM) and a lower (P less
      than .05) concentration of glucose (72 vs 82, 86 mg/dl) after 8 h than sows in
      control or AL groups, respectively. Sows in the AL group had a higher (P less
      than .10) acetate concentration at 2 h, but no difference was observed by 8 h.
      Lactate concentration was lower (P less than .10) in AL sows when compared with
      those in the control group (69 vs 101 mg/dl). Two pigs/litter were killed at
      birth and two/litter were fasted for 36 h with blood samples obtained at 12-h
      intervals. Newborn pigs from AL and BS sows had more total liver glycogen than
      pigs derived from control sows (4.18, 4.07 vs 3.09 g, respectively); however,
      this difference was significant only for pigs from AL sows (P less than .10).
      Pigs in BD and AL groups had a higher (17 to 25%), though not significantly
      different, glucose concentration than controls after 24 and 36 h of
      fasting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3891707
TI  - A comparison of the ecology of Escherichia coli in the intestine of healthy
      unweaned pigs and pigs after weaning.
AB  - A total of 51 clinically healthy pigs (14 unweaned and 37 weaned) from five
      litters, and aged 21 to 35 d, were studied. Escherichia coli isolates from the
      duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon were differentiated on the basis of O
      serogroup, biotype and resistance pattern. The complexity of the flora was
      influenced considerably by the presence or absence of the enterotoxigenic
      serotype 0149: K91, K88a,c (Abbotstown strain). When it was absent the E. coli
      flora of both weaned and unweaned pigs was complex with up to 25 strains being
      identified. The majority of these E. coli strains identified in each pig were
      isolated from only one of the five intestinal sites sampled. On the other hand,
      when the enterotoxigenic strain was present (14 pigs) it tended to dominate the
      E. coli flora at all levels of the intestine and this dominance was reflected in
      a corresponding fall in the total number of E. coli strains isolated per pig.

PMID- 3891708
TI  - Bacterial pathogens of fish.

PMID- 3891709
TI  - A comparison of the in-vitro activity of antimicrobials against Chlamydia
      trachomatis examined by Giemsa and a fluorescent antibody stain.
AB  - Minimum concentrations for the inhibition of normal chlamydial inclusions (MICN)
      and abnormal inclusions (MICA) were obtained for a range of antimicrobials
      titrated against Chlamydia trachomatis in McCoy cell cultures. Each antibiotic
      titrated produced an MICN which was the same whether examined by Giemsa or
      fluorescent antibody staining methods (rifampicin 0.007 mg/l, tetracycline,
      erythromycin and penicillin 0.062 mg/l, chloramphenicol and spiramycin 0.25 mg/l,
      ciprofloxacin 1.0 mg/l, and cycloserine 250 mg/l). With the exception of
      penicillin the MICA (Giemsa) was between two- and four-fold higher than the MICN,
      and the MICA (fluorescent antibody) a further two-fold higher. Penicillin was
      alone in the wide concentration range over which abnormal inclusions were
      detected (0.0062 mg/l to 5 g/l).

PMID- 3891710
TI  - A double-blind comparison of amoxycillin with trimethoprim in acute exacerbations
      of chronic bronchitis.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients with untreated acute exacerbations of severe chronic
      bronchitis (mean FEV1 0.81), were entered into a double-blind randomized trial
      comparing amoxycillin 250 mg three times a day with trimethoprim 200 mg twice a
      day, each given for seven days. Seventeen patients received amoxycillin, from
      which there was one treatment failure, and 18 patients received trimethoprim,
      amongst which there were six treatment failures. There were no major differences
      between the treatments, in this small group of patients, although a significant
      difference (in favour of amoxycillin) was demonstrated in the patients'
      subjective dyspnoea score. Because of the difficulties in collecting sufficient
      patients from a single centre, the definition of the possible role of
      trimethoprim alone in the treatment of acute axacerbations of chronic bronchitis
      may have to await multicentre trials.

PMID- 3891711
TI  - Decreased susceptibility of Serratia marcescens to chlorhexidine related to the
      inner membrane.
AB  - An isolate of Serratia marcescens (strain 100) obtained from a handwashing
      solution of chlorhexidine (Hibitane) was found not to release potassium ions when
      exposed to chlorhexidine as compared to chlorhexidine susceptible clinical
      isolates of Escherichia coli and Ser. marcescens. Lysozyme-tris-EDTA spheroplast
      preparations of the Serratia isolates were also tested for potassium ion leakage
      following exposure to chlorhexidine and it was found that the inner membrane was
      responsible for the decreased susceptibility of the organism of chlorhexidine.
      These experiments suggested that the mechanism of increased resistance of strain
      100 Ser. marcescens to chlorhexidine was an inner membrane change. The nature of
      the change is currently unknown.

PMID- 3891712
TI  - Porin-mediated cephalosporin resistance in Escherichia coli K-12.

PMID- 3891713
TI  - Stability of enzymes.
AB  - Enzymes can lose activity through covalent and noncovalent structure alterations.
      In the former, protease attack and modification by small active molecules such as
      oxygen are important. Conformational stability can be measured by Tm, the
      midpoint temperature of the thermal denaturation curve, and turnover in vivo of a
      number of enzymes correlates with Tm. Measurement of Tm and delta Cp leads to
      evaluation of delta H, T delta S, and delta G for the unfolding process. The
      importance of d(delta G)/dT is emphasized since it can be used to evaluate the
      temperature of maximum stability. There is no simple relationship between amino
      acid sequence and delta Gmax, nor can the effect of mutation be accurately
      forecast. Reversibility of folding is an important factor in stability. Tm
      correlates with [G]1/2, the midpoint guanidine unfolding concentration, and is
      the most useful predictive quantity for enzyme stability.

PMID- 3891714
TI  - Assignment of ozone-sensitive tryptophan residue in tryptophanase by a dual
      monitoring high-performance liquid chromatography system.
AB  - Tryptophanase purified from Escherichia coli B/1t7-A is inactivated by mild
      ozonization following pseudo-first-order kinetics. Previous data from the authors
      suggest that one out of two tryptophan residues (Trp's) in the enzyme subunit is
      preferentially oxidized concomitant with the ozone inactivation and has a direct
      interaction with the coenzyme, pyridoxal phosphate [PLP (M. Tokushige, Y. Fukuda,
      and Y. Watanabe, 1979, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 86, 976-981)]. To determine
      which Trp is more susceptible to ozonization and interacts with PLP, the native
      and ozonized enzyme proteins were cleaved by trypsin and the two Trp-containing
      peptides were analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC equipped with a dual-monitoring
      system consisting of an uv and a fluorescence monitor connected in tandem for
      selective detection of Trp-containing peptides. This device facilitated rapid
      detection and quantitation of the Trp-containing peptides which decreased upon
      ozonization. The results showed that Trp preferentially oxidized upon ozonization
      and involved in the interaction with PLP was the one in peptide T-15 rather than
      that in T-23, which Kagamiyama et al. originally designated (H. Kagamiyama, H.
      Wada, H. Matsubara, and E. E. Snell, 1972, J. Biol. Chem. 247, 1576-1585).

PMID- 3891715
TI  - Reflex tracheal contraction evoked in dogs by bronchodilator prostaglandins E2
      and I2.
AB  - Bronchodilator prostaglandins E2 and I2 may cause airway irritation and
      bronchoconstriction in human subjects. These experiments were designed to test
      the hypothesis that this paradoxical bronchoconstriction is a vagal reflex
      triggered by stimulation of airway afferents. We recorded smooth muscle tension
      in an innervated upper tracheal segment in anesthetized dogs and injected
      prostaglandins into the general circulation or into a bronchial artery or
      administered them as aerosol to the lungs. Prostaglandins usually caused tracheal
      contraction, which survived vagal cooling to 5-7 degrees C but was abolished at 0
      degrees C. Vagally mediated tracheal contraction was also evoked when
      prostacyclin was injected into the pulmonary circulation of dogs whose pulmonary
      and systemic circulations were independently pump perfused. Recordings of
      afferent vagal impulses indicated that bronchial arterial injection of
      prostaglandins stimulated bronchial C-fibers; aerosols of prostaglandin
      stimulated pulmonary and bronchial C-fibers and C-fibers in extrapulmonary
      airways. We postulate that in susceptible human subjects concentrations of these
      prostaglandins too low to have direct bronchodilator effects may cause reflex
      bronchoconstriction by stimulating afferent vagal C-fibers in the lower airways.

PMID- 3891716
TI  - O2 exchange between blood and brain tissues studied with 18O2 indicator-dilution
      technique.
AB  - A technique has been developed to record 18O2 dilution curves of an organ in vivo
      by use of 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes as a reference tracer. The technique employs
      anaerobic sampling of venous outflow following an intraarterial injection of
      tracer-laden blood and off-line determination of [18O2] and [51Cr] profiles in
      the venous outflow. O2 and reference indicator-dilution curves of cerebral
      circulation were recorded in eight experiments with six halothane-anesthetized
      dogs. Autologous blood labeled with the tracers was injected into a carotid
      artery, and brain venous outflow was sampled from the sagittal sinus. The total
      net extraction of O2 tracer was equal to the extraction of elemental O2.
      Instantaneous extraction of 18O2 along the outflow curve fell linearly with time,
      from an initial value of 0.6-0.7 to very small or even negative values toward the
      end of a pulse. This indicates that O2 undergoes a flow-limited distribution. In
      all experiments, the mean transit time of unmetabolized 18O2 was longer than the
      mean transit time of the Cr tracer. An index of the tissue O2 dilution space,
      hence the mean tissue PO2, is calculated from this data with the use of a
      modified central volume principle. This estimate of mean tissue PO2 increases as
      a linear function of sagittal sinus PO2 with a slope of 0.97. The method may
      provide an index of the critical PO2 of venous blood, the PO2 below which O2
      diffusion from blood to tissue may limit its rate of metabolic uptake.

PMID- 3891717
TI  - Respiratory muscle fatigue: a cause of ventilatory failure in septic shock.
AB  - The effect of endotoxic shock on the respiratory muscle performance was studied
      in spontaneously breathing dogs given Escherichia coli endotoxin (Difco
      Laboratories, 10 mg/kg). Diaphragmatic (Edi) and parasternal intercostal (Eic)
      electromyograms were recorded using fishhook electrodes. The recorded signals
      were then rectified and electrically integrated. Pleural, abdominal, and
      transdiaphragmatic (Pdi) pressures were recorded by a balloon-catheter system.
      After a short control period, the endotoxin was administered slowly intravenously
      (within 5 min). Death was secondary to respiratory arrest in all animals. All
      animals died within 150-270 min after the onset of endotoxic shock. Within 45-80
      min of the endotoxin administration, mean blood pressure and cardiac output
      dropped to 42.1 +/- 4.1 and 40.1 +/- 6.0% (mean +/- SE) of control values,
      respectively, with little change afterward. Mean inspiratory flow rate and Pdi
      increased from control values of 0.27 +/- 0.03 l X s-1 and 5.75 +/- 0.7 cmH2O to
      mean values of 0.44 +/- 0.3 l X s-1 and 8.70 +/- 1.05 cmH2O and then decreased to
      0.17 +/- 0.03 l X s-1 and 3.90 +/- 0.30 cmH2O before the death of the animals.
      There were no major changes in the mechanics of the respiratory system. Edi and
      Eic increased progressively to mean values of 360 +/- 21 and 263 +/- 22% of
      control, respectively, before the death of the animals. None of the dogs were
      hypoxic. Arterial PCO2 decreased from a control value of 42.9 +/- 1.7 Torr to a
      mean value of 29.9 +/- 2.8 Torr and then increased to 51 +/- 4.3 Torr before the
      death of the animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3891718
TI  - Influence of medium osmolality on the in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum: a
      morphologic and radioisotopic study.
AB  - The study of the growth rate and incorporation of [3H]hypoxanthine and
      [14C]isoleucine showed that in vitro variations of Plasmodium falciparum
      parasitemia levels and incorporation rates of the two radiolabeled molecules have
      been correlated. In our experimental conditions, P. falciparum blood forms in
      vitro tolerate osmolalities ranging from 180 to 360 mOSM. A weak hypo-osmolality
      (241 mOSM) favored the development of the parasite. The highest sensitivity of
      the parasite to osmotic variations was observed during schizogony. The merozoite
      stage and reinvasion process seemed less affected by hypo-osmolalities than by
      hyperosmolalities. The minor alterations in morphology of the parasites in hypo-
      and hyperosmotic media suggested that P. falciparum may have efficient
      osmoregulatory power.

PMID- 3891719
TI  - Isolation and differentiation of cloned epithelial cell lines from normal rat
      mammary glands.
AB  - Single-cell-cloned cell lines have been established from primary cultures of
      neonatal rat mammary glands. A representative cuboidal cell line, Rama 704, shows
      the presence of intermediate filamental proteins keratin and vimentin, and
      occasional cells express milk fat globule membrane antigens on their apical
      surfaces. Rama 704 cells grow as a cuboidal pavement in culture and produce
      hemispherical blisters or domes when confluent. Noteworthy ultrastructural
      features are the presence of junctional complexes, desmosomes, and apical
      microvilli typical of epithelia. Cells seeded within floating collagen gels will
      form a variety of multicellular outgrowths, some of which are ductlike in
      morphology and are composed of polarized cells surrounding a central lumen. The
      cuboidal cells produce elongated cells under conditions of high cell density and
      also when cells float off collagen gels and reattach to the plastic substrate.
      The former elongated cells have been cloned and three cell lines established:
      Rama 710, 711, and 712; the latter uncloned elongated cells are termed Rama 704E.
      The cloned elongated cells show an increase in the amounts of basement membrane
      proteins deposited, a lack of junctional complexes and microvilli, and an
      increase in the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum compared with their
      parental cells. Rama 704E cells show an enhanced deposition of basement membrane
      proteins and increased amounts of actin in the cytoplasm over the elongated cell
      lines and contain microfilaments and pinocytotic vesicles similar to those seen
      in myoepithelial cells. All the elongated cells and lines fail to form ductlike
      structures within collagen gels. None of the cell lines form tumors in syngeneic
      rats although they all produce some tumors in nude mice, which are composed of
      cords of epithelioid cells and spindle cells in varying proportions. In addition,
      some of the Rama 704 tumors contain rhabdomyoblastic elements that penetrate the
      host fat pad. This is the first report of the isolation and characterization of a
      stable cuboidal cell line from a neonatal rat mammary gland. The Rama 704 cell
      line shows morphological and biochemical features of mammary epithelial cells and
      converts at high cell density to elongated cells that have also been cloned.

PMID- 3891720
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum: invasion and development in highly parasitized cultures.
AB  - We report that synchronized cultures of Plasmodium falciparum with up to 40%
      parasitized cells can be obtained with the use of low, red blood cell suspensions
      and only daily replacement of culture medium. These cultures contained not only a
      reduced proportion of uninfected red cells but also a population of cells with
      brief and equal time of exposure to culture conditions. Such high parasitemias
      are desirable for studies of ring-staged parasites (for which enrichment
      techniques are not available) and late-staged parasites when the manipulations
      for enrichment are inappropriate or unsuccessful.

PMID- 3891721
TI  - Serine hydroxymethyltransferase from Escherichia coli: purification and
      properties.
AB  - Serine hydroxymethyltransferase from Escherichia coli was purified to
      homogeneity. The enzyme was a homodimer of identical subunits with a molecular
      weight of 95,000. The amino acid sequence of the amino and carboxy-terminal ends
      and the amino acid composition of cysteine-containing tryptic peptides were in
      agreement with the primary structure proposed for this enzyme from the structure
      of the glyA gene (M. Plamann, L. Stauffer, M. Urbanowski, and G. Stauffer,
      Nucleic Acids Res. 11:2065-2074, 1983). The enzyme contained no disulfide bonds
      but had one sulfhydryl group on the surface of the protein. Several sulfhydryl
      reagents reacted with this exposed group and inactivated the enzyme. Spectra of
      the enzyme in the presence of substrates and substrate analogs showed that the
      enzyme formed the same complexes and in similar relative concentrations as
      previously observed with the cytosolic and mitochondrial rabbit liver isoenzymes.
      Kinetic studies with substrates showed that the affinity and synergistic binding
      of the amino acid and folate substrates were similar to those obtained with the
      rabbit liver isoenzymes. The enzyme catalyzed the cleavage of threonine,
      allothreonine, and 3-phenylserine to glycine and the corresponding aldehyde in
      the absence of tetrahydrofolate. The enzyme was also inactivated by D-alanine
      caused by the transamination of the active site pyridoxal phosphate to
      pyridoxamine phosphate. This substrate specificity was also observed with the
      rabbit liver isoenzymes. We conclude that the reaction mechanism and the active
      site structure of E. coli serine hydroxymethyltransferase are very similar to the
      mechanism and structure of the rabbit liver isoenzymes.

PMID- 3891722
TI  - Transcriptional control of the S10 ribosomal protein operon of Escherichia coli
      after a shift to higher temperature.
AB  - In the 5 to 10 min immediately following a shift from 30 to 42 degrees C, the
      differential synthesis rates of ribosomal proteins encoded by the 11-gene S10
      operon are transiently decreased. This effect results largely from a two- to
      threefold decrease in the differential rate of transcription of the operon. The
      inhibition of mRNA synthesis is apparently due to two types of control: (i)
      initiation of transcription at the S10 promoter is inhibited and (ii) readthrough
      at the attenuator in the S10 leader is decreased. Both of these effects on
      transcription are independent of the heat shock regulatory gene, htpR.
      Furthermore, the inhibition of transcription is observed in both relA+ and relA
      cells, suggesting that the temperature-induced repression does not require the
      relA-dependent accumulation of guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp). However,
      recovery from the heat shock was slower in relA+ strains than in relA strains.
      None of the other ribosomal protein operons that we analyzed showed such a strong
      decrease in transcription after the heat shock.

PMID- 3891723
TI  - Colicin synthesis and cell death.
AB  - Colicin E1 is a small plasmid, containing the cea gene for colicin, the most
      prominent product of the plasmid. Colicin is a 56-kilodalton bacteriocin which is
      especially toxic to Escherichia coli cells that do not contain the plasmid. Under
      normal growth conditions very low levels of the plasmid are produced as a result
      of cea gene repression by the host LexA protein. Conditions that lower the
      concentration of LexA protein result in elevated levels of colicin synthesis. The
      LexA protein concentration can be lowered by exposing the cells to DNA-damaging
      reagents such as UV light or mitomycin C. This is because DNA damage signals the
      host SOS response; the response leads to activation of the RecA protease which
      degrades the LexA protein. DNA-damaging reagents result in very high levels of
      colicin synthesis and subsequent death of plasmid-bearing cells. Elevated levels
      of colicin are also produced in mutants of E. coli that are deficient in LexA
      protein. We found that comparably high levels of colicin can be produced in such
      mutants in the absence of cell death. In lexA strains carrying a defective LexA
      repressor, colicin synthesis shows a strong temperature dependence. Ten to twenty
      times more colicin is synthesized at 42 degrees C. This sharp dependence of
      synthesis on temperature suggests that there are factors other than the LexA
      protein which regulate colicin synthesis.

PMID- 3891724
TI  - Unusual organization of the ilvIH promoter of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Analysis of plasmids containing ilvIH-galK fusions indicated that the Escherichia
      coli ilvIH promoter and sequences sufficient to cause leucine repression lie
      within 363 base pairs (bp) of ilvI. Experiments designed to locate the promoter
      and regulatory sequences more precisely gave the following results. The positions
      of the 5' endpoints of both unlabeled and pulse-labeled ilvIH mRNAs transcribed
      in vivo lie 30 bp upstream of ilvI. By contrast, the major in vitro RNA endpoints
      lie at positions further upstream. Several mutations which increase the
      expression of ilvIH lie 40 to 50 bp upstream of ilvI, within a putative promoter
      termed P1. Deletion of a 50-bp region immediately upstream of ilvI, which
      includes P1, resulted in the loss of all ilvIH promoter activity. Deletion of
      sequences more than 200 bp upstream of ilvI reduced ilvIH promoter activity by
      more than 80%. These results suggest that transcription of the ilvIH operon is
      initiated from promoter P1 but that sequences more than 200 bp upstream are
      required for optimal transcription of the operon.

PMID- 3891725
TI  - Involvement of heme biosynthesis in control of sterol uptake by Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - Wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae do not accumulate exogenous sterols under
      aerobic conditions, and a mutant allele conferring sterol auxotrophy (erg7) could
      be isolated only in strains with a heme deficiency. delta-Aminolevulinic acid
      (ALA) fed to a hem1 (ALA synthetase-) erg7 (2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase-) sterol
      auxotrophic strain of S. cerevisiae inhibited sterol uptake, and growth was
      negatively affected when intracellular sterol was depleted. The inhibition of
      sterol uptake (and growth of sterol auxotrophs) by ALA was dependent on the
      ability to synthesize heme from ALA. A procedure was developed which allowed
      selection of strains which would take up exogenous sterols but had no apparent
      defect in heme or ergosterol biosynthesis. One of these sterol uptake control
      mutants possessed an allele which allowed phenotypic expression of sterol
      auxotrophy in a heme-competent background.

PMID- 3891726
TI  - Effect of growth conditions on peptidoglycan content and cytoplasmic steps of its
      biosynthesis in Escherichia coli.
AB  - In an attempt to bring some insight into how peptidoglycan synthesis is
      controlled in Escherichia coli, simple parameters, such as cell peptidoglycan
      content, the pool levels of its seven uridine nucleotide precursors, and the
      specific activities of five enzymes involved in their formation, were
      investigated under different growth conditions. When exponential-phase cells with
      generation times ranging from 25 to 190 min were examined, the peptidoglycan
      content apparently varied as the cell surface area changed, and no important
      variations in the pool levels of the nucleotide precursors or in the specific
      activities of the five enzymes considered were observed. The peptidoglycan of
      exponential-phase cells accounted for 0.7 to 0.8% of the dry cell weight, whereas
      that of stationary-phase cells accounted for 1.4 to 1.9%. Depending on the growth
      conditions, the number of peptidoglycan disaccharide peptide units per cell
      varied from 2.4 X 10(6) to 5.6 X 10(6). The levels of the nucleotide precursor
      pools as well as the specific activities of the D-glutamic acid- and D-alanyl-D
      alanine-adding enzymes varied little with the growth phase. The specific
      activities of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine
      enolpyruvate reductase, and the diaminopimelic acid-adding enzymes decreased by
      20 to 50% at most in the late stationary phase. The results are discussed in
      terms of the possible importance for cell survival of the maintenance of a high
      capacity for peptidoglycan synthesis, whatever its rate under various growth
      conditions, and of a balance between the synthesis and breakdown of peptidoglycan
      during active growth.

PMID- 3891727
TI  - Induction of transversion mutations in Escherichia coli by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine is SOS dependent.
AB  - Escherichia coli alkA mutants, which are deficient for an inducible DNA
      glycosylase, 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylase II, are sensitive to mutagenesis by
      low doses of the alkylating agent N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). As
      many as 90% of the alkA-dependent mutations induced by MNNG are also umuC+
      dependent and thus are due to DNA lesions that are substrates for the mutagenic
      functions of the SOS response. A great number of these mutations are base
      substitutions at A . T sites, particularly A . T transversions. We discuss which
      DNA lesions may be responsible for these mutations. Our results show that the
      induction of 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylase II, which occurs as part of the
      adaptive response to alkylating agents such as MNNG, significantly reduces the
      mutagenicity as well as the lethality of alkylation damage.

PMID- 3891728
TI  - Replication control in promiscuous plasmid RK2: kil and kor functions affect
      expression of the essential replication gene trfA.
AB  - We previously reported that broad-host-range plasmid RK2 encodes multiple host
      lethal kil determinants (kilA, kilB1, kilB2, and kilC) which are controlled by
      RK2-specified kor functions (korA, korB, and korC). Here we show that kil and kor
      determinants have significant effects on RK2 replication control. First, korA and
      korB inhibit the replication of certain RK2 derivatives, unless plasmid
      replication is made independent of the essential RK2 gene trfA. Second, kilB1
      exerts a strong effect on this interaction. If the target plasmid is defective in
      kilB1, sensitivity to korA and korB is enhanced at least 100-fold. Thus, korA and
      korB act negatively on RK2 replication, whereas kilB1 acts in a positive manner
      to counteract this effect. A mutant RK2 derivative, resistant to korA and korB,
      was found to have fused a new promoter to trfA, indicating that the targets for
      korA and korB are at the 5' end of the trfA gene. We constructed a trfA-lacZ
      fusion and found that synthesis of beta-galactosidase is inhibited by korA and
      korB. Thus korA, korB, and kilB1 influence RK2 replication by regulating trfA
      expression. We conclude that the network of kil and kor determinants is part of a
      replication control system for RK2.

PMID- 3891729
TI  - Evidence for covalently cross-linked dimers and trimers of enzyme I of the
      Escherichia coli phosphotransferase system.
AB  - Enzyme I of the bacterial phosphotransferase system catalyzes transfer of the
      phosphoryl moiety from phosphoenolpyruvate to both of the heat-stable phosphoryl
      carrier proteins of the phosphotransferase system, HPr and FPr. Using sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high-pressure liquid
      chromatography, we demonstrated the existence of covalently cross-linked enzyme I
      dimers and trimers. Enzyme I exchange assays and phosphorylation experiments with
      [32P]phosphoenolpyruvate showed that covalent dimers and trimers are
      catalytically active. Inhibitors of the enzyme I-catalyzed phosphoenolpyruvate
      pyruvate exchange block the phosphorylation of enzyme I dimers and trimers.
      Inhibition of the activity of enzyme I by N-ethylmaleimide, but not that by p
      chloromercuriphenylsulfonate, could be overcome by high concentrations of enzyme,
      suggesting that N-ethylmaleimide modification changes the associative properties
      of enzyme I. We present evidence for two distinct classes of sulfhydryl groups in
      enzyme I.

PMID- 3891730
TI  - Evidence for specificity at an early step in protein export in Escherichia coli.
AB  - We previously described mutations in a gene, secB, which have pleiotropic effects
      on protein export in Escherichia coli. In this paper, we report the isolation of
      mutants in which the activity of the secB gene was eliminated. Null mutations in
      secB affected only a subset of exported proteins. Strains carrying these
      mutations, although unable to grow on L broth plates, were still viable on
      minimal media. These secB mutations reversed a block in the translation of an
      exported protein that was caused by the elimination of another component of the
      secretion machinery, SecA protein. These results suggest that the secB product
      acts at an early step in the export process and is involved in the export of only
      a subset of cell envelope proteins.

PMID- 3891731
TI  - Enzymatic lysis of the pseudomurein-containing methanogen Methanobacterium
      formicicum.
AB  - A streptomycete isolated from cow manure produces an extracellular enzyme capable
      of lysing the pseudomurein-containing methanogen Methanobacterium formicicum. The
      lytic activity has been partially purified from culture fluid and appears to be a
      serine protease. Similar lytic activity has been fractionated from pronase.
      Optimal conditions have been developed for lysis of M. formicicum by commercial
      preparations of proteinase K. The three lytic enzymes have been partially
      characterized. The results with the three enzyme preparations tend to confirm
      that proteolytic enzymes are capable of lysing methanogen cells.

PMID- 3891732
TI  - Recycling of murein by Escherichia coli.
AB  - The tripeptide (L-Ala-D-Glu-meso-diaminopimelic acid [A2pm]), tetrapeptide (L-Ala
      D-Glu-A2pm-D-Ala), and dipeptide (A2pm-D-Ala) which are shed by Escherichia coli
      from the murein sacculus were found to be reused by the cells to synthesize
      murein. The tripeptide was used directly, without degradation, to form UDP-N
      acetylmuramyl-L-Ala-D-Glu-A2pm. The tetrapeptide lost its carboxy-terminal D-Ala,
      apparently in the periplasm, before being used. The dipeptide was degraded to D
      Ala and A2pm before uptake.

PMID- 3891733
TI  - Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the trxA gene of Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - The Escherichia coli K-12 trxA gene, the gene encoding thioredoxin, has been
      cloned and sequenced. The DNA sequence includes 280 base pairs upstream and 46
      base pairs downstream of the coding region. The downstream sequence contains the 
      35 region of the promoter of the rho gene. Northern analysis of the trxA mRNA and
      S1 nuclease mapping indicate the presence of two promoters for the trxA gene.
      Initiation from either promoter results in an mRNA containing two potential
      translation initiation codons, one of which could initiate synthesis of a protein
      18 amino acids longer than the mature trxA gene product. The 3' end of the gene,
      including the last eight codons, contains a stable stem-loop structure (delta G =
      -12.9 kcal) typical of a rho-independent transcription termination signal.

PMID- 3891734
TI  - Extension of the host range of Escherichia coli vectors by incorporation of
      RSF1010 replication and mobilization functions.
AB  - The broad-host-range vectors pSUP104, pSUP106, pSUP204, pSUP304, and pSUP404 are
      based on conventional Escherichia coli vectors (such as pBR325 and pACYC184)
      which have been modified to include the mobilization and broad-host-range
      replication functions of the IncQ plasmid RSF1010. These vector plasmids now can
      be maintained in a wide range of bacterial genera including Rhizobium,
      Agrobacterium, and Pseudomonas. They are efficiently mobilized by RP4 and thus
      are of particular interest for bacteria refractory to transformation. They offer
      the selection markers and cloning sites characteristic of the basic E. coli
      vectors. Therefore, they can be applied and adapted to a variety of cloning
      strategies. However, the cloning of very large fragments (e.g., in cosmid hybrids
      of pSUP106) was found to affect the stability of the recombinant molecules in a
      Rec+ background. This instability was not observed with smaller inserts of about
      5 kilobases.

PMID- 3891735
TI  - Activation of the hole-forming toxin aerolysin by extracellular processing.
AB  - A precursor-product relationship between aerolysin and a protein with a higher
      molecular weight was observed in culture supernatants of Aeromonas hydrophila.
      The larger protein was isolated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion
      exchange and hydroxyapatite chromatography and compared with purified aerolysin.
      It was at least 250 times less hemolytic than aerolysin. Both proteins had the
      same amino acid sequence at the amino terminus. Cyanogen bromide fragments
      obtained from the two were identical except that each protein contained one
      unique fragment, and the fragment from the larger protein was 2,500 daltons
      larger than the fragment obtained from aerolysin. Treatment with trypsin or with
      an extracellular Aeromonas protease resulted in rapid conversion of the larger
      protein to a form corresponding in molecular weight and activity to aerolysin.
      The results indicate that aerolysin is exported to the culture supernatant as a
      protoxin which is later activated by proteolytic removal of a peptide from the C
      terminus.

PMID- 3891736
TI  - Mini-F protein that binds to a unique region for partition of mini-F plasmid DNA.
AB  - A mini-F-coded protein, named F2 protein, binds specifically to mini-F DNA. This
      protein has a molecular weight of 37,000 and is coded by the A2 segment of the
      mini-F genome (47.3 to 49.4 kilobases on the F coordinate map). The binding site
      is located also in the A2 segment of mini-F. This binding site is lost by
      spontaneous deletion when the A2 segment alone, but not A2 together with its
      neighboring segment, is cloned in a multicopy plasmid pBR322. These data are
      discussed in connection with incompatibility and plasmid stability.

PMID- 3891737
TI  - Convergently functional, Rho-independent terminator in Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - A typical Rho-independent terminator of transcription was found at the end of the
      histidine operon of Salmonella typhimurium. This site is used to terminate, in
      addition to the his operon mRNA, a 1,200-nucleotide RNA of unknown function
      transcribed on the opposite strand. The efficiency of termination of
      transcription at this site was investigated in vivo and in vitro by cloning of
      the terminator structure in either orientation in vector systems used to study
      regulatory signals. Termination of transcription at this site was very efficient,
      both in vivo and in vitro, and in both orientations.

PMID- 3891738
TI  - Nucleotide sequence binding specificity of the LexA repressor of Escherichia coli
      K-12.
AB  - The specificity of LexA protein binding was investigated by quantifying the
      repressibility of several mutant recA and lexA operator-promoter regions fused to
      the Escherichia coli galactokinase (galK) gene. The results of this analysis
      indicate that two sets of four nucleotides, one set at each end of the operator
      (terminal-nucleotide contacts), are most critical for repressor binding. In
      addition, our results suggest that the repressor-operator interaction is
      symmetric in nature, in that mutations at symmetrically equivalent positions in
      the recA operator have comparable effects on repressibility. The symmetry of this
      interaction justified reevaluation of the consensus sequence by half-site
      comparison, which yielded the half-site consensus (5')CTGTATAT. Although the
      first four positions of this sequence were most important, the last four were
      well conserved among binding sites and appeared to modulate repressor affinity.
      The role of the terminal-nucleotide contacts and the mechanism by which the
      internal sequences affected repressor binding are discussed.

PMID- 3891739
TI  - Regulation of ugp, the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate transport system of Escherichia
      coli K-12 that is part of the pho regulon.
AB  - The expression of the ugp-dependent sn-glycerol-3-phosphate transport system that
      is part of the pho regulon was studied in mutants of Escherichia coli K-12
      containing regulatory mutations of the pho regulon. The phoR and phoST gene
      products exerted a negative control on the expression of ugp. Induction of the
      system was positively controlled by the phoB, phoM, and phoR gene products. Using
      a ugp-lacZ operon fusion, we showed that the ugp and phoA genes were coordinately
      derepressed and repressed.

PMID- 3891740
TI  - Evidence that the recA441 (tif-1) mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 contains a
      thermosensitive intragenic suppressor of RecA constitutive protease activity.
AB  - The recA441 mutant of Escherichia coli, which has been thought to have
      thermoinducible constitutive RecA protease activity, is known to have two
      mutations within recA. We show here that the mutation that alters codon 38
      actually confers temperature-independent constitutive protease activity; the
      second mutation in recA441, which is at codon 298, appears to be acting as a
      temperature-sensitive suppressor of the protease activity.

PMID- 3891741
TI  - Ca2+-induced permeabilization of the Escherichia coli outer membrane: comparison
      of transformation and reconstitution of binding-protein-dependent transport.
AB  - Ca2+ treatment renders the outer membrane of Escherichia coli reversibly
      permeable for macromolecules. We investigated whether Ca2+-induced uptake of
      exogenous protein into the periplasm occurs by mechanisms similar to Ca2+-induced
      uptake of DNA into the cytoplasm during transformation. Protein import through
      the outer membrane was monitored by measuring reconstitution of maltose transport
      after the addition of shock fluid containing maltose-binding protein. DNA import
      through the outer and inner membrane was measured by determining the efficiency
      of transformation with plasmid DNA. Both processes were stimulated by increasing
      Ca2+ concentrations up to 400 mM. Plasmolysis was essential for a high
      efficiency; reconstitution and transformation could be stimulated 5- and 40-fold,
      respectively, by a high concentration of sucrose (400 mM) in cells incubated with
      a suboptimal Ca2+ concentration (50 mM). The same divalent cations that promote
      import of DNA (Ca2+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Mg2+, and Ni2+) also induced import of protein.
      Ca2+ alone was found to be inefficient in promoting reconstitution; successive
      treatment with phosphate and Ca2+ ions was essential. Transformation also was
      observed in the absence of phosphate, but could be stimulated by pretreatment
      with phosphate. The optimal phosphate concentrations were 100 mM and 1 to 10 mM
      for reconstitution and transformation, respectively. Heat shock, in which the
      cells are rapidly transferred from 0 to 42 degrees C, affected the two processes
      differently. Incubation of cells at 0 degrees C in Ca2+ alone allows rapid entry
      of protein, but not of DNA. Transformation was observed only when exogenous DNA
      was still present during the heat shock. Shock fluid containing maltose-binding
      protein inhibited transformation (with 6 microgram of DNA per ml, half-maximal
      inhibition occurred at around 300 microgram of shock fluid per ml). DNA inhibited
      reconstitution (with 5 microgram of shock fluid per ml, half-maximal inhibition
      occurred at around 3 mg of DNA per ml).

PMID- 3891742
TI  - Escherichia coli hemolysin is released extracellularly without cleavage of a
      signal peptide.
AB  - A 110-kilodalton polypeptide isolated from cell-free culture supernatants of
      hemolytic Escherichia coli was shown to be associated with hemolytic activity.
      The relative amount of the extracellular 110-kilodalton species detected directly
      reflects the extracellular hemolysin activity associated with Escherichia coli
      strains harboring different hemolysin recombinant plasmids. The predicted
      molecular mass of the hemolysin structural gene (hlyA) based on DNA sequence
      analysis was 109,858 daltons. Amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the
      110-kilodalton polypeptide provided direct evidence that it was encoded by hlyA.
      Based on this information, it was also demonstrated that the HlyA polypeptide was
      released extracellularly without signal peptidase-like cleavage. An examination
      of hemolysin-specific polypeptides detected by use of recombinant plasmids in a
      minicell-producing strain of Escherichia coli was performed. These studies
      demonstrated how hemolysin-associated 110- and 58-kilodalton polypeptides
      detected in the minicell background could be misinterpreted as a precursor
      product relationship.

PMID- 3891743
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of an Escherichia coli chromosomal hemolysin.
AB  - We determined the DNA sequence of an 8,211-base-pair region encompassing the
      chromosomal hemolysin, molecularly cloned from an O4 serotype strain of
      Escherichia coli. All four hemolysin cistrons (transcriptional order, C, A, B,
      and D) were encoded on the same DNA strand, and their predicted molecular masses
      were, respectively, 19.7, 109.8, 79.9, and 54.6 kilodaltons. The identification
      of pSF4000-encoded polypeptides in E. coli minicells corroborated the assignment
      of the predicted polypeptides for hlyC, hlyA, and hlyD. However, based on the
      minicell results, two polypeptides appeared to be encoded on the hlyB region, one
      similar in size to the predicted molecular mass of 79.9 kilodaltons, and the
      other a smaller 46-kilodalton polypeptide. The four hemolysin gene displayed
      similar codon usage, which is atypical for E. coli. This reflects the low guanine
      plus-cytosine content (40.2%) of the hemolysin DNA sequence and suggests the non
      E. coli origin of the hemolysin determinant. In vitro-derived deletions of the
      hemolysin recombinant plasmid pSF4000 indicated that a region between 433 and 301
      base pairs upstream of the putative start of hlyC is necessary for hemolysin
      synthesis. Based on the DNA sequence, a stem-loop transcription terminator-like
      structure (a 16-base-pair stem followed by seven uridylates) in the mRNA was
      predicted distal to the C-terminal end of hlyA. A model for the general
      transcriptional organization of the E. coli hemolysin determinant is presented.

PMID- 3891744
TI  - Thyroxine binding and TSH in recurrent depressive episodes.
AB  - Evidence of a link between recurrent affective disorders and the hypothalamic
      pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis has been frequently reported. The clinical course of
      40 recurrent major depressive patients was monitored over 2 years with respect to
      several parameters of thyroid function. Patients entering a depressive recurrence
      manifested lower free versus bound thyroxine quotients and had higher TSH
      secretion. A dynamic HPT axis response may enhance the clinical outcome of acute
      depression during continuation pharmacotherapy.

PMID- 3891745
TI  - Seminalplasmin, an antimicrobial protein from bull seminal plasma, inhibits
      growth, and synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins in S. cerevisiae.
AB  - Seminalplasmin, an antimicrobial protein present in bovine seminal plasma, is
      shown to inhibit the growth of, as well as nucleic acid and protein synthesis in,
      wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae SM202, when used at concentrations greater
      than 200 micrograms/ml, in contrast to 20 micrograms/ml that is sufficient for
      Escherichia coli. An osmotically labile strain of S. cerevisiae VY1160 is 1-2
      orders of magnitude more sensitive to seminalplasmin than the wild-type strain.
      RNA synthesis in protoplasts and nuclei of S. cerevisiae SM 202 was also about as
      sensitive to seminalplasmin as in E. coli and S. cerevisiae VY1160. The RNA
      polymerases I and II from S. cerevisiae were strongly inhibited by seminalplasmin
      in vitro, while DNA and protein syntheses were not affected by seminalplasmin in
      cell-free systems, unlike in the whole cells. It is concluded that seminalplasmin
      acts in S. cerevisiae by entering the cells and inhibiting transcription.

PMID- 3891746
TI  - Interaction with deoxycholate of rat liver peroxisomal and cytosolic catalase.
AB  - Rat liver catalase was found to interact with deoxycholate (DOC). When purified,
      the peroxisomal catalase was precipitated at pH 6 in the presence of DOC, whereas
      in the peroxisomal extract (with DOC) it was unsedimentable at pH 6. The membrane
      fraction in the extract interacted with the catalase instead of DOC, and
      prevented the precipitation of catalase with DOC at pH 6. The peroxisomal
      catalase seemed to be easily modified by lysosomal protease during manipulation,
      and this proteolytic cleavage rendered the molecule able to interact with the
      membrane. On the other hand, the cytosolic catalase, both in the cytosol fraction
      and in the purified preparation, sedimented at pH 6 in the presence of DOC. The
      cytosolic catalase was far more resistant to proteolytic modification than the
      peroxisomal catalase. The molecule of peroxisomal catalase is assumed to have a
      site for recognizing the membrane, whereas such a structure may be absent in the
      cytosolic catalase or may not be easily exposed by proteolytic cleavage.

PMID- 3891747
TI  - Immunological detection of the messenger RNA cap-binding protein.
AB  - The 24-kilodalton messenger RNA cap-binding protein (CBP) was purified from the
      rabbit reticulocyte postribosomal supernatant fraction using an affinity resin
      consisting of the p-aminophenyl gamma-ester of m7GTP coupled to Sepharose. The
      affinity-purified CBP was used to raise a goat antiserum. Anti-CBP antibodies
      were purified by adsorption to CBP coupled to either Controlled-Pore Glass or
      diazobenzyloxymethyl paper. The affinity-purified antibodies reacted specifically
      with only the 24-kilodalton polypeptide in whole reticulocyte lysate and in
      initiation factors prepared from the same source. During a conventional
      (nonaffinity) purification of CBP from a high salt extract of the ribosomal
      pellet, immunological reactivity paralleled the ability to reverse cap analogue
      inhibition of translation, indicating that the 24-kilodalton polypeptide present
      in the postribosomal supernatant fraction is immunologically cross-reactive with
      the CBP purified from ribosomes. Fractionation of whole reticulocyte lysate by
      sucrose gradient sedimentation followed by immunoblotting revealed that CBP was
      present in the supernatant fraction and the region of the gradient corresponding
      to ribosomal subunits but not in mono- or polysomes. The CBP to ribosome ratio
      was found to be approximately 0.02, assuming that the m7GTP-Sepharose retains all
      of the protein. This is considerably lower than that of other initiation factors
      and suggests that CBP may be the limiting polypeptide factor involved in the
      initiation of protein synthesis. The antibodies also inhibited the translation of
      a capped messenger RNA (globin). Inhibition of the translation of an uncapped RNA
      (satellite tobacco necrosis virus) was also observed, but to a lesser degree than
      with globin mRNA.

PMID- 3891748
TI  - A functional prolipoprotein signal peptide with a deletion of four amino acid
      residues from the hydrophobic region.
AB  - The deletion of several codons within the signal sequence coding region of the
      Escherichia coli lipoprotein gene has been accomplished by oligonucleotide
      directed site-specific mutagenesis. The deletion of the Leu-13 residue in a
      mutant in which two glycine residues had previously been deleted from the
      hydrophobic region (Inouye, S., Vlasuk, G., Hsiung, H., and Inouye, M. (1984) J.
      Biol. Chem. 259, 3729-3733) was found to cause the accumulation of the unmodified
      form of the protein in the cytoplasm and cytoplasmic membrane. This mutation also
      caused a cessation in cell growth within 15 min after synthesis of the mutant
      protein was induced. A deletion of the Val-7 residue was capable of suppressing
      the effect of the Leu-13 deletion when both are present. However, by itself the
      Val-7 deletion appeared to have little effect on the glycine mutant. The ability
      of the signal sequence to mediate the secretion of the protein after the deletion
      of 4 residues from the hydrophobic region demonstrates a surprising degree of
      flexibility in the length of this region. The deletion mutations were also found
      to have an unusual effect on the rate of synthesis of lipoprotein.

PMID- 3891750
TI  - Plants have isoforms for acyl carrier protein that are expressed differently in
      different tissues.
AB  - Two closely related isoforms of acyl carrier protein (I and II) have been
      purified from spinach leaves. Differences in the N-terminal amino acid sequence
      and amino acid composition indicate that these proteins are coded by different
      genes. The two spinach leaf isoforms have been resolved and characterized by ion
      exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, by thin layer isoelectric
      focusing, and by differences in mobility upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      Both isoforms are effectively bound by antibodies raised to acyl carrier protein
      I. However, in competition experiments isoform II is only about 40% effective in
      blocking isoform I binding to antibody. Therefore, the isoforms are
      immunologically related but hold only some antigenic sites in common. Immunoblot
      analysis ("Western blotting") of crude spinach leaf tissue extracts probed with
      antibody to acyl carrier protein I reveals both isoforms. In addition, both forms
      of acyl carrier protein are present in dark-grown leaf tissue and in isolated
      chloroplasts. However, in spinach seeds and roots only acyl carrier protein II
      can be detected. Similar results are observed with extracts of castor oil plant
      leaf and seed. Therefore, the expression of the two acyl carrier protein isoforms
      is tissue specific.

PMID- 3891749
TI  - Glucose as a regulator of insulin-sensitive hexose uptake in 3T3 adipocytes.
AB  - In the present study we examined the role of glucose in the regulation of its own
      transport activity in the cultured 3T3 fat cell. A regulatory control of glucose
      became apparent after these cells were cultured in the absence of glucose.
      Glucose deprivation of the cells was accompanied by a specific time and protein
      synthesis-dependent increase in dGlc (2-deoxyglucose) uptake (up to 5-fold),
      which was due to an increase in the apparent Vmax of the transport system.
      Concomitantly, the stimulatory effect of insulin on hexose uptake almost
      completely disappeared. Addition of glucose to the glucose-deprived cells rapidly
      reversed the deprivation effects. Cycloheximide experiments revealed that the
      glucose deprivation-induced increase in hexose uptake required protein synthesis
      as well as a protein synthesis-independent response to glucose deprivation that
      retarded the turnover of hexose transport activity. Taken together, these data
      indicate that glucose deprivation is accompanied by retardation of the rate of
      degradation, internalization, or inactivation of hexose transporters while the
      increase in dGlc uptake requires at least the continuation of protein synthesis
      dependent de novo synthesis, insertion, or activation of hexose transporters.
      Hexose competitively taken up with dGlc, including the nonmetabolizable glucose
      analogue 3-O-methylglucose, could replace glucose in the process of prevention
      and reversal of the deprivation effects, indicating that competitive transport
      but not the metabolism of hexose is a prerequisite for the regulatory effect of
      glucose on the activity of its own transport system. In conclusion, our results
      indicate that in cultured 3T3 fat cells glucose itself is involved in the
      regulation of the activity of its own transport system by influencing the rate of
      degradation, internalization, or inactivation of hexose transporters by a protein
      synthesis-independent mechanism.

PMID- 3891751
TI  - Purification and immunological analysis of RNA polymerase II from Caenorhabditis
      elegans.
AB  - We describe a rapid procedure for obtaining highly purified RNA polymerase II
      from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The structure of the enzyme was
      examined by denaturing gel electrophoresis and found to consist of three large
      polypeptides (molecular weights 200,000, 175,000, and 135,000) and eight smaller
      polypeptides (molecular weights 29,500, 20,000, 16,000, 15,000, 13,000, 11,500,
      10,500, and 9,500). As observed for the analogous enzyme from other organisms,
      the 175,000 polypeptide (II175) appeared to be a degraded form of the 200,000
      polypeptide (II200). The structure of nematode RNA polymerase II closely
      resembles that of the corresponding enzyme from other animals. Four of its larger
      subunits shared antigenicity with Drosophila RNA polymerase II. Antibody raised
      against purified RNA polymerase II reacted with several enzyme subunits in
      "Western" blots of purified polymerase and impure enzyme fractions.
      Immunofluorescence staining was used to visualize RNA polymerase II in the nuclei
      of a nematode squash preparation and the nucleoplasm of cultured mammalian cells.

PMID- 3891752
TI  - Electron microscopy of secondary structure in partially denatured precursor and
      mature Escherichia coli 16 S and 23 S rRNA.
AB  - The secondary structure of 16 S and 23 s rRNA sequences in 30 S preribosomal RNA
      of Escherichia coli was analyzed by electron microscopy after partial
      denaturation and compared to mature 16 S and 23 S rRNA examined under the same
      conditions. The sequences in the pre-rRNA notably lack the specific loops that
      dominate the 5'-terminal regions of mature 16 S and 23 S rRNA. In other respects,
      the sizes and locations of loops in the 23 S rRNA sequence are qualitatively very
      similar in mature and pre-rRNA. Eleven of 12 loops outside of the 5'-terminal
      domain correspond, with the most frequent features in the 3'-half of the
      molecule. In contrast, the sizes and locations of loops in the 16 S rRNA sequence
      differ between precursor and mature forms. In the pre-rRNA, instead of the 370
      nucleotide 5'-terminal loop of mature rRNA, some 1000-nucleotide terminal loops
      are observed. The pre-rRNA also shows a frequent 610-nucleotide central loop and
      a large 1240-nucleotide loop not seen in the mature rRNA. Also, in the 3'-region
      of the sequence, the largest loops in pre-rRNA are 120 nucleotides shorter than
      in mature rRNA. We suggest that the structure of pre-rRNA may promote some
      alternate conformational features, and that these could be important during
      ribosome formation or function.

PMID- 3891753
TI  - The complete nucleotide sequences of the Escherichia coli LIV-BP and LS-BP genes.
      Implications for the mechanism of high-affinity branched-chain amino acid
      transport.
AB  - The Escherichia coli LIV-I and LS amino acid transport systems are high-affinity,
      periplasmic, binding protein-dependent systems that utilize the leucine-,
      isoleucine-, valine-binding protein (LIV-BP) and leucine-specific binding protein
      (LS-BP), respectively. These two binding proteins (BPs) interact with a common
      set of membrane proteins to transport branched-chain amino acids into the
      cytoplasm. The two BP genes are encoded in a regulon at minute 76 of the E. coli
      chromosome that also contains the genes for the common membrane protein
      components. We report here the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences for
      the LIV-BP and LS-BP genes and their protein products. Both BPs are encoded with
      a 23-amino acid signal sequence that is removed when the BPs are secreted into
      the periplasm. We have examined the pattern of amino acid sequence conservation
      between the two BP molecules and, by comparison of the predicted secondary
      structures to the 2.0-A crystal structure of the LIV-BP, have found regions of
      the BPs that may be involved in membrane protein interaction. We also analyzed
      the translational efficiency of the two BP mRNAs as determined by their
      nucleotide sequences.

PMID- 3891754
TI  - Hemopexin-mediated heme transport to the liver. Evidence for a heme-binding
      protein in liver plasma membranes.
AB  - Isolated liver plasma membranes interact with heme-hemopexin and effect the
      removal of heme from the complex. This heme is rapidly accumulated by a
      previously undescribed heme-binding membrane component (HBC). This intrinsic
      membrane component can be solubilized from the membrane with Triton X-100 in a
      form that retains the ability to bind heme. Solubilized HBC was shown to be
      distinct from hemopexin itself, free heme, ligandin, globin, heme oxygenase,
      cytochrome P-450, and albumin. Since formation of the heme-HBC complex is
      effected by the interaction of heme-hemopexin with its receptor, HBC may either
      be a subunit of the heme-hemopexin receptor or a separate protein that interacts
      with the receptor. HBC can also bind heme (Kd apparent 200 nM) that is presented
      to it in a nonprotein bound form, showing true heme-binding activity. HBC is
      proteinaceous since treatment with proteases, heat, and disulfide bond reducing
      agents diminishes its ability to bind heme. HBC and any associated detergent
      elutes from Sephacryl S-200 with an apparent molecular weight of 115,000 and
      Stokes radius of 7.5 nm. This component, which may comprise 0.5% of liver plasma
      membrane protein, appears to have an acidic pI since it adsorbs to DEAE-cellulose
      at pH 7.4 but not to CM-cellulose at pH 6.4. In sucrose gradients, HBC migrates
      with S values of 1.69 and 4.02, suggesting that it has subunits or that it forms
      multimers under these conditions.

PMID- 3891755
TI  - Effects of ATP, vanadate, and molybdate on cathepsin D-catalyzed proteolysis.
AB  - The effects of ATP, vanadate, and molybdate on cathepsin D-catalyzed hydrolysis
      of proteins and peptides were examined. Hydrolysis of bovine serum albumin,
      hemoglobin, parathyroid hormone, and a synthetic octapeptide was activated by
      ATP. Degradation of the protein substrates all had similar ATP concentration
      dependence, but the magnitude of the activation varied. Kinetic constants for ATP
      activation were obtained with a synthetic substrate. ATP increased kcat from 0.4
      to 2 s-1 but did not change KM. Kact for ATP was 800 microM. Studies with
      pepstatin-Sepharose confirm that ATP does not alter the substrate binding site on
      cathepsin D. Pepsin, a homologous aspartate protease, was not activated by ATP.
      It was also found that vanadate and molybdate inhibit cathepsin D-catalyzed
      proteolysis. However, this inhibition was dramatically dependent on substrate
      concentration and was eliminated at high substrate. Hydrolysis of the synthetic
      peptide was not inhibited at concentrations of molybdate below 50 microM, and
      above this concentration the peptide precipitated. Protein substrates were also
      found to precipitate in the presence of molybdate. The ATP dependence of the
      enzyme was not altered by molybdate or vanadate. These results suggest that
      inhibition by vanadate and molybdate is related to interactions with the
      substrate rather than with cathepsin D. It is concluded that ATP activation of
      cathepsin D may play a physiological role in regulation of proteolysis in
      lysosomes, but that vanadate and molybdate inhibition of lysosomal proteolysis
      does not establish ATP dependence.

PMID- 3891756
TI  - Specificity of binding of a strain of uropathogenic Escherichia coli to Gal alpha
      1----4Gal-containing glycosphingolipids.
AB  - A strain of Escherichia coli originally isolated from urine of a patient with
      acute pyelonephritis was studied in detail for binding to glycosphingolipids.
      Bacteria labeled metabolically with [14C]glucose were layered over a glycolipid
      chromatogram and bound bacteria were detected by autoradiography. The detection
      was down to a few ng of glycolipid (pmol level) under these assay conditions. At
      a test level of 500 ng all glycolipids (more than a dozen molecular species
      analyzed) with Gal alpha 1----4Gal as an internal or terminal part bound the
      bacteria strongly while glycolipids known to lack this sequence were negative.
      Conformational analysis using hard sphere calculations including the exo-anomeric
      effect showed a bend in the saccharide chain at this disaccharide with a largely
      hydrophobic surface of the convex side, probably being part of the binding
      epitope. Mixtures of glycolipids isolated from a human ureter scraping and from
      urinary sediments bound bacteria in the 2- to 7-sugar interval. Thus, this
      infectious strain of E. coli recognizes glycolipids being present in epithelial
      cells lining the urinary tract.

PMID- 3891757
TI  - Subunit structure of the purified human placental insulin receptor.
      Intramolecular subunit dissociation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis.
AB  - Insulin receptors purified from human placental membranes by gel-filtration and
      insulin-agarose affinity chromatography were found to be composed of eight
      different high molecular weight complexes as identified by nonreducing sodium
      dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The subunit
      stoichiometry of these different high molecular weight forms of the insulin
      receptor were determined by comparisons of silver-stained gel profiles with the
      autoradiograms of 125I-insulin specifically cross-linked to the alpha subunit and
      [gamma-32P]ATP specifically autophosphorylated beta subunit gel profiles. Two
      dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the absence and presence of
      reductant confirmed the subunit stoichiometries as alpha 2 beta 2, alpha 2 beta
      beta 1, alpha 2 (beta 1)2, alpha 2 beta, alpha 2 beta 1, alpha 2, alpha beta, and
      beta, where alpha is the Mr = 130,000 subunit, beta is the Mr = 95,000 subunit,
      and beta 1 is the Mr = 45,000 subunit. Treatment of the insulin receptor
      preparations with oxidized glutathione or N-ethylmaleimide prior to SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis increased the relative amount of the alpha 2
      beta 2 complex concomitant with a total disappearance of the alpha 2 beta, alpha
      2 beta 1, alpha 2, and free beta forms. The effects of oxidized glutathione were
      found to be completely reversible upon extensive washing of the treated insulin
      receptors. In contrast, the effects of N-ethylmaleimide were totally irreversible
      by washing, consistent with known sulfhydryl alkylating properties of this
      reagent. The formation of these lower molecular weight insulin receptor subunit
      complexes was further demonstrated to be due to SDS/heat-dependent intramolecular
      sulfhydryl-disulfide exchange occurring within the alpha 2 beta 2 complex. These
      studies demonstrate that the largest disulfide-linked complex (alpha 2 beta 2) is
      the predominant insulin receptor form purified from the human placenta with the
      other complexes being generated by proteolysis and by internal subunit
      dissociation.

PMID- 3891758
TI  - Purification and characterization of GP-55, a protein associated with actin-based
      cytoplasmic gels derived from brain tissue.
AB  - Incubation of rat brain cytoplasmic extracts results in the formation of three
      dimensional gels that can be collapsed by low-speed centrifugation.
      Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels indicate that these cytoplasmic gels are
      composed of actin and several associated proteins. Among the latter we have
      identified a component with an apparent molecular mass of 55,000 daltons. The
      results of two-dimensional electrophoresis, peptide mapping, and in vivo labeling
      experiments with [35S]methionine, indicate that the 55-kDa protein is composed of
      two different gene products we have named alpha and beta; a third polypeptide,
      named beta', probably derives from the beta polypeptide as a result of some
      posttranslational modification(s). These three polypeptides, which have the same
      molecular weight but different isoelectric points, are present in a rather pure
      preparation of the 55-kDa protein, obtained from cytoplasmic gels by ion-exchange
      chromatography. In vitro, purified 55-kDa protein interacts in a specific manner
      with F-actin, as shown by viscosimetry and electron microscopy, leading to the
      formation of a complex network of cross-linked microfilament bundles. The results
      of immunofluorescence experiments indicate that the 55-kDa protein is located
      intracellularly in structures belonging to the Golgi apparatus, and that it is
      not only present in every type of rat cell tested but also in primary cultures of
      chick embryo neurons. Based on its intracellular location, we have named the 55
      kDa protein as Golgi Protein-55 (GP-55).

PMID- 3891759
TI  - The pupal cuticle of Drosophila: biphasic synthesis of pupal cuticle proteins in
      vivo and in vitro in response to 20-hydroxyecdysone.
AB  - We investigated the synthesis and localization of Drosophila pupal cuticle
      proteins by immunochemical techniques using both a complex antiserum and
      monoclonal antibodies. A set of low molecular weight (15,000-25,000) pupal
      cuticle proteins are synthesized by the imaginal disk epithelium before pupation.
      After pupation, synthesis of the low molecular weight proteins ceases and a set
      of unrelated high molecular weight proteins (40,000-82,000) are synthesized and
      incorporated into the pupal cuticle. Ultrastructural changes in the cuticle
      deposited before and after pupation correlate with the switch in cuticle protein
      synthesis. A similar biphasic accumulation of low and high molecular weight pupal
      cuticle proteins is also seen in imaginal discs cultured in vitro. The low
      molecular weight pupal cuticle proteins accumulate in response to a pulse of the
      insect steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone and begin to appear 6 h after the
      withdrawal of the hormone from the culture medium. The high molecular weight
      pupal cuticle proteins accumulate later in culture; a second pulse of hormone
      appears to be necessary for the accumulation of two of these proteins.

PMID- 3891760
TI  - Identification of a 70,000-D protein in lens membrane junctional domains.
AB  - A 70,000-D membrane protein (MP70), which is restricted to the eye lens fibers
      and is present in immunologically homologous form in many vertebrate species, has
      been identified. By use of anti-MP70 monoclonal antibodies for immunofluorescence
      microscopy and electron microscopy, this polypeptide was localized in lens
      membrane junctional domains. Both immunofluorescence microscopy and SDS PAGE
      reveal an abundance of MP70 in the lens outer cortex that coincides with a high
      frequency of fiber gap junctions in the same region.

PMID- 3891761
TI  - N-CAM at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction.
AB  - We have detected the neural cell adhesion molecule, N-CAM, at nerve-muscle
      contacts in the developing and adult mouse diaphragm. Whereas we found N-CAM
      staining with fluorescent antibodies consistently to overlap with the pattern of
      alpha-bungarotoxin staining at nerve-muscle contacts both during development and
      in the adult, we observed N-CAM staining on the surfaces of developing myofibers
      and at much lower levels on adult myofibers. Consistent with its function, N-CAM
      was also detected on axons and axon terminals. Immunoblotting experiments with
      anti-N-CAM antibodies on detergent extracts of embryonic (E) diaphragm muscle
      revealed a polydisperse polysialylated N-CAM polypeptide, which in the adult (A)
      was converted to a discrete form of Mr 140,000; this change, called E-to-A
      conversion, was previously found to occur in different neural tissues at
      different rates. The Mr 140,000 component was not recognized by monoclonal
      antibody anti-N-CAM No. 5, which specifically recognizes antigenic determinants
      associated with N-linked oligosaccharide determinants on N-CAM from neural
      tissue. The relative concentration of the Mr 140,000 component prepared from
      diaphragm muscle increased during fetal development and then decreased sharply to
      reach adult values. Nevertheless, expression of N-CAM in muscle could be induced
      after denervation: one week after the sciatic nerve was severed, the relative
      amount of N-CAM increased dramatically as detected by immunoblots of extracts of
      whole muscle. Immunofluorescent staining confirmed that there was an increase in
      N-CAM, both in the cell and at the cell surface; at the same time, however,
      staining at the motor endplate was diminished. Our findings indicate that, in
      muscle, in addition to chemical modulation, cell-surface modulation of N-CAM
      occurs both in amount and distribution during embryogenesis and in response to
      denervation.

PMID- 3891762
TI  - Immunocytochemical demonstration of tissue-type plasminogen activator in
      endocrine cells of the rat pituitary gland.
AB  - We immunocytochemically stained rat pituitary glands using antibodies against
      plasminogen activators of the tissue type (t-PA) and the urokinase type (u-PA). A
      large population of endocrine cells in the anterior lobe of the gland displayed
      intense cytoplasmic immunoreactivity with anti-t-PA. In some areas of the
      intermediate lobe we found a weak staining, and we observed weakly staining
      granular structures in the posterior lobe. Controls included absorption of the
      antibodies with highly purified t-PA. In addition, SDS PAGE followed by
      immunoblotting of pituitary gland extracts revealed only one band with an
      electrophoretic mobility similar to that of t-PA when stained with anti-t-PA IgG.
      No u-PA immunoreactivity was detected in the rat pituitary gland. Sequential
      staining experiments using antibodies against growth hormone and t-PA
      demonstrated that the t-PA-immunoreactive cells constitute a large subpopulation
      of the growth hormone-containing cells. These findings represent the first direct
      evidence for the presence of t-PA in cell types other than endothelial cells in
      the intact normal organism. In this article we discuss the implications of the
      results for a possible role of t-PA in the posttranslational processing of
      prohormones.

PMID- 3891764
TI  - Efficient chromatographic fractionation of steroids in human serum through
      regulation of liquid--liquid distribution ratios.
AB  - To improve the clean-up process in the analysis of biological fluid constituents,
      an efficient liquid--liquid distribution system was developed. Closed-bed columns
      containing fine diatomaceous earth granules were prepared by slurry packing for
      the fractionation of steroid hormones in human serum before quantitative assay by
      liquid chromatography or radioimmunoassay. Four columns were connected to
      construct the aqueous liquid--liquid chromatography--fractionation system. The
      first was coated with neutral water for distribution of serum, the second was
      weakly alkaline with sodium hydrogen carbonate for extrusion of strong acidic
      components, and the third was strongly alkaline with sodium hydroxide to capture
      oestrogens. The final column was acidic with sulphuric acid to remove basic
      components. Optimization of the stepwise gradient solvents was achieved on the
      basis of the results of a linear relationship between the logarithms of the
      capacity ratios and solvent composition determined from an analytical run.
      Neutral steroid hormones added to serum were eluted from the column system by a
      stepwise gradient elution technique to obtain first very non-polar materials,
      then progesterone and testosterone, and finally to extract the corticosteroids.
      Phenolic oestrogens were recovered from the strong alkaline column with a mobile
      phase solvent after the pH of the stationary phase had been adjusted with a phase
      transfer neutralizer. The fractional constituents were purified and enriched.
      This procedure was used to determine Solu-medrol, an acidic corticosteroid drug,
      in human serum.

PMID- 3891763
TI  - Microvascular pericytes contain muscle and nonmuscle actins.
AB  - We have affinity-fractionated rabbit antiactin immunoglobulins (IgG) into classes
      that bind preferentially to either muscle or nonmuscle actins. The pools of
      muscle- and nonmuscle-specific actin antibodies were used in conjunction with
      fluorescence microscopy to characterize the actin in vascular pericytes,
      endothelial cells (EC), and smooth muscle cells (SMC) in vitro and in situ.
      Nonmuscle-specific antiactin IgG stained the stress fibers of cultured EC and
      pericytes but did not stain the stress fibers of cultured SMC, although the
      cortical cytoplasm associated with the plasma membrane of SMC did react with
      nonmuscle-specific antiactin. Whereas the muscle-specific antiactin IgG failed to
      stain EC stress fibers and only faintly stained their cortical cytoplasm, these
      antibodies reacted strongly with the fiber bundles of cultured SMC and pericytes.
      Similar results were obtained in situ. The muscle-specific antiactin reacted
      strongly with the vascular SMC of arteries and arterioles as well as with the
      perivascular cells (pericytes) associated with capillaries and post-capillary
      venules. The non-muscle-specific antiactin stained the endothelium and the
      pericytes but did not react with SMC. These findings indicate that pericytes in
      culture and in situ possess both muscle and nonmuscle isoactins and support the
      hypothesis that the pericyte may represent the capillary and venular correlate of
      the SMC.

PMID- 3891765
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of purine and
      pyrimidine bases, ribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleosides in biological fluids.

PMID- 3891766
TI  - Comparison of the performance and reproducibility of various serological methods
      and diagnostic kits for the detection of rubella antibodies.
AB  - For rubella antibody detection performance and reproducibility of standard
      laboratory methods and newer assay systems have been evaluated. IgM antibody
      detection in sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation (SDG) was compared with
      two commercial ELISAs and the non-commercial anti-my-hemadsorption immunosorbent
      technique. The two ELISAs proved to be more sensitive than the SDG even if done
      with a long incubation hemagglutination inhibition test (HAI) to increase
      sensitivity. Additional tests showed that the sensitivity of the SDG could be
      increased by using ELISA instead of HAI. The reproducibility of all tests was
      good. In 205 assays the ELISA enzygnost IgM showed a coefficient of variation
      (CV) with its reference serum of 6.3% for titers, while the CV for absorbance was
      37.8%. With ELISA rubazyme M the same reference serum gave a CV of 13.7% in 149
      subsequent assays. In 12 and 13 assays in the anti-my-hemadsorption immunosorbent
      technique the CV varied with the height of the reference serum used between 4.7
      and 18.7%. Antibody detection using HAI was compared with IgG antibody detection
      using two commercial ELISAs and a commercial single radial hemolysis test (SRH).
      In 592 assays with a low positive control serum the HAI gave a CV of 6.0%. With
      the ELISA enzygnost a CV of 7.7% for the titers was obtained in 72 assays, but
      for absorbances the CV was 39.4%. The CV for the kit internal low positive
      control in 148 assays with the ELISA rubazyme was 26.8%. As with HAI the
      reproducibility of the SRH was good. The same control serum used in the HAI gave
      a CV of 6.2% in 418 subsequent assays. Because of the good reproducibility and
      sensitivity the SDG can now be replaced by newer techniques which are less
      expensive and time consuming. Interference with rheumatoid factor was only
      observed in the ELISA enzygnost if sera were not pretreated with latex
      adsorbents. The reproducibility of our HAI was comparable to that of the SRH
      while the results obtained with the two commercial ELISAs were less reproducible.
      Until it is known, that antibodies detected with the newer techniques are able to
      prevent re-infection, it would be unwise to reject the HAI completely for the
      determination of immunity status.

PMID- 3891768
TI  - Adrenocorticosteroid administration and peptic ulcer: a critical analysis.

PMID- 3891767
TI  - Use of the biotin-streptavidin interaction to improve flavivirus detection by
      immunofluorescence and ELISA tests.
AB  - The specificity and sensitivity of immunofluorescence microscopy and ELISA tests
      were compared both with and without the use of biotinylated anti-species antibody
      and streptavidin, conjugated with either fluorescein isothiocyanate or horse
      radish peroxidase. In the biotin-streptavidin system monoclonal and polyclonal
      antibodies against yellow fever virus had titres between ten- and fifty-fold
      higher and background readings, particularly in ELISA tests, were noticeably
      reduced. Plaque variants of yellow fever virus, selected for their apparent loss
      of antigenic determinants against some monoclonal antibodies in conventional
      fluorescence tests, were found to possess the antigenic determinants when tested
      with the more sensitive system.

PMID- 3891769
TI  - The effect of stopping smoking on blood pressure--a controlled trial.
AB  - Epidemiological studies have found evidence of lower blood pressure in smokers
      and predict an increase in blood pressure after stopping smoking. We have
      therefore monitored blood pressure change in 33 smokers following entry into a 6
      week smoking cessation programme and compared the results to 33 matched controls
      who continued their normal smoking habits over the same period. Fourteen subjects
      were successful in quitting smoking for the entire 6 weeks, 13 were unsuccessful
      and 6 withdrew before completion of the programme. No significant increase in
      supine or erect systolic or diastolic blood pressure was observed following
      reduction in or cessation of smoking habit. Complete cessation of smoking was,
      however, associated with an increase in weight and anxiety levels and a decrease
      in alcohol consumption. We conclude that although stopping smoking affects
      several factors which may potentially influence blood pressure, this does not
      result in any significant change in blood pressure over a 6-week period. Concern
      that advice to patients to cease smoking may lead to a prompt increase in blood
      pressure appears unnecessary.

PMID- 3891770
TI  - Self-examination in the early detection of breast cancer. A review of the
      evidence, with recommendations for further research.

PMID- 3891771
TI  - Ultradian oscillations in plasma renin activity: their relationships to meals and
      sleep stages.
AB  - The 24-h pattern of PRA was studied in 6 supine normal subjects, and the
      relationship between sleep stages and PRA oscillations was analyzed using 18
      nighttime profiles and the concomitant polygraphic recordings of sleep. Blood was
      collected at 10-min intervals. The slow trends obtained by adjusting a third
      degree polynomial to the 24-h data were not reproducible among individuals, and
      no circadian pattern was detected. Sustained oscillations in PRA occurred
      throughout the day. Spectral analysis revealed that PRA oscillated at a regular
      periodicity of about 100 min during the night. This periodicity was modified
      during the daytime by meal intake, which induced PRA peaks with large
      interindividual variations in size. A close relationship was found between the
      nocturnal PRA oscillations and the alternance of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
      and non-REM sleep. Non-REM sleep invariably coincided with increasing or peaking
      PRA levels. REM sleep occurred as PRA was declining or at nadirs. More precisely,
      increases in PRA marked the transition from REM sleep to stage II, whereas stages
      III and IV usually occurred when PRA was highest. This relationship between the
      periodic nocturnal oscillations in PRA and the alternance of the REM-non-REM
      cycles may translate a similar oscillatory process in the central nervous system
      or may be linked to hemodynamic changes during sleep that might be partly
      controlled by the renin-angiotensin system.

PMID- 3891772
TI  - Evidence for limited humoral immunoglobulin M antibody response to hepatitis B
      core antigen during acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infections.
AB  - The periods of persisting immunoglobulin M class antibodies to hepatitis B core
      antigen in 28 patients with acute hepatitis B infections and in 134 patients with
      chronic hepatitis B infections were studied by using an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay and an indirect immunofluorescence technique. We showed that
      the clearance of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen is independent of the
      degree of viremia in both forms of hepatitis.

PMID- 3891773
TI  - Improved selective medium for the isolation of lipase-positive Clostridium
      botulinum from feces of human infants.
AB  - Isolation of lipase-positive Clostridium botulinum from fecal specimens
      establishes the diagnosis of infant botulism, contributes to the diagnosis of
      food-borne botulism, and is most easily accomplished by use of selective media.
      Modification of an available selective medium, C. botulinum inhibitory medium
      (CBI), enabled more rapid isolation of C. botulinum. The modified medium
      (botulinum selective medium [BSM] contained (per liter) 25 g of dehydrated heart
      infusion broth, 20 g of agar, 30 ml of egg yolk suspension, 250 mg of
      cycloserine, 76 mg of sulfamethoxazole, 4 mg of trimethoprim, and 100 IU of
      thymidine phosphorylase at pH 7.4. The two media were compared by using 15 fresh
      fecal specimens from infant botulism patients (10 type A and 5 type B) and a C.
      botulinum isolate that had been obtained from an infant botulism patient and that
      was mixed into a fresh stool specimen from a healthy human infant. In comparison
      to CBI, BSM always provided better suppression of the nonbotulinum fecal flora
      and earlier emergence of lipase-positive colonies. Diagnosis of infant botulism
      was accomplished sooner with BSM than with CBI because isolation of lipase
      positive C. botulinum was easier.

PMID- 3891774
TI  - Evaluation of a lysis direct plating method for pediatric blood cultures.
AB  - The Isolator 1.5 Microbial tube (E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.,
      Wilmington, Del.) is a commercially available blood culture system for use in
      pediatrics. The methodology is based on blood lysis followed by direct plating of
      the sample on culture media to detect bacteria and fungi. Comparative recovery
      rates of pathogens from blood collected in this and a conventional broth system
      were similar. The Isolator detected 104 of 120 clinically significant isolates,
      whereas 106 of 120 isolates were detected by the broth system. The major
      advantage of the Isolator methodology was early detection of septicemia. Initial
      detection of gram-negative bacteria occurred an average of 14.2 h earlier by the
      Isolator system than by the conventional broth method. The Isolator also
      permitted quantitation of bacteremia and fungemia. Probable contaminants were
      recovered from 10.0% of the cultures processed by the Isolator, but steps which
      could be taken to minimize this problem were identified. The Isolator is a useful
      method for pediatric blood cultures.

PMID- 3891775
TI  - Detection of specific immunoglobulin M antibody to rubella virus by use of an
      enzyme-labeled antigen.
AB  - A direct antibody capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of rubella
      specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody was developed. Polystyrene microtiter
      strips coated with rabbit anti-human IgM were used as solid phase, and a
      semipurified rubella antigen labeled with horseradish peroxidase was used as
      indicator. By testing a panel of 238 serum specimens (not including sera from
      newborns with congenital rubella), the direct EIA was compared with the indirect
      EIA used routinely in our diagnostic unit and with a commercial IgM capture EIA
      (RubEnz M II) that employs a horseradish peroxidase-labeled anti-rubella
      monoclonal antibody as indicator. Overall agreement of direct EIA with indirect
      EIA and RubEnz M II was 95%, whereas agreement between direct and indirect EIA
      was 96.2%, and agreement between direct EIA and RubEnz M II was 97.8%.
      Sensitivity of the direct assay was higher than that of the indirect EIA and
      similar to that of the RubEnz M II assay. Specific IgM antibody could always be
      detected in serum specimens taken from patients with primary acute rubella
      infection between days 4 and 56 after the onset of rash. The assay was highly
      specific, and it was not affected either by rheumatoid factor or by high levels
      of specific IgG in sera. Another important advantage that the direct EIA has over
      the indirect EIA is that it requires 10 to 20 times less antigen per serum
      specimen tested.

PMID- 3891776
TI  - Comparison of enzyme immunoassay and gas-liquid chromatography for the rapid
      diagnosis of invasive candidiasis in cancer patients.
AB  - Three proposed quantitative markers for candidiasis, arabinitol, mannose, and
      mannan in serum, are compared in 50 normal blood donors and 38 high-risk
      patients, 23 with and 15 without invasive candidiasis. Arabinitol concentrations
      in serum, the arabinitol/creatinine ratio, and mannose concentrations in serum
      were significantly greater in the 15 patients without candidiasis than in the
      normal blood donors (P less than 0.05). The sensitivities and specificities were
      26 and 87% for arabinitol, 13 and 93% for the arabinitol/creatinine ratio, and 39
      and 87% for mannose. On the other hand, mannan concentrations in serum were less
      than 1 ng/ml in normal blood donors and patients without candidiasis (P = 0.344),
      and the sensitivity and specificity were 65 and 100%, respectively. Of 23
      patients with proven or probable candidiasis, 16 had mannan levels in serum
      greater than the mean + 2 standard deviations (0.46 ng/ml) for the 15 controls.
      In 16 patients with invasive candidiasis and positive blood cultures for the
      Candida spp., only 13 had elevated levels of at least one of the three markers.
      The arabinitol/creatinine ratio, the mannose level, and the mannan level became
      elevated an average of 4 days before, 1 day before, and on the same day that the
      blood cultures were drawn, respectively. Conversely, mannan was detected in the
      sera of six of seven patients with invasive candidiasis and negative blood
      cultures. We conclude that the best approach to diagnosing invasive candidiasis
      involves obtaining blood cultures and carrying out serial assays for mannan in
      serum.

PMID- 3891777
TI  - Confirmation of Legionella pneumophila cultures with a fluorescein-labeled
      monoclonal antibody.
AB  - We compared a fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibody directed against an outer
      membrane protein of Legionella pneumophila (Genetic Systems Corp. [GSC], Seattle,
      Wash.) with a similarly labeled polyclonal reagent (L. pneumophila serogroups 1
      to 6, poly; BioDx, Inc., Denville, N.J.) for the confirmation of L. pneumophila
      isolates grown in culture. Duplicate suspensions of 52 organisms, including 21 L.
      pneumophila and 8 non-L. pneumophila species of legionella, were placed on
      individual glass slides, fixed, and stained with both reagents, and the results
      were compared. Both antisera correctly identified all L. pneumophila serogroups 1
      to 6, but only the GSC reagent produced definitive staining of the L. pneumophila
      isolates of serogroups 7, 8, and 9. Additionally, the GSC reagent produced more
      uniform staining patterns around the legionella bacilli and displayed little
      background fluorescence when compared with the BioDx reagent.

PMID- 3891778
TI  - Evaluation of a rapid identification method for Neisseria spp.
AB  - A comparison was made of carbohydrate degradation reactions of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria lactamica, Neisseria mucosa,
      Neisseria sicca, Neisseria subflava, and Branhamella catarrhalis in a rapid (0.5-
      to 1-h) identification micromethod (RIM-N Kit; Austin Biological Laboratories,
      Inc., Austin, Tex.) and in a serum-free agar slanted medium (72 h). Reactions
      after 1 h in the RIM-N system agreed completely with those after 72 h in the
      conventional system.

PMID- 3891779
TI  - Effect of delay in processing on the performance of Directigen for the detection
      of group A streptococci in throat swabs.
AB  - We compared a latex agglutination method, Directigen (Hynson, Westcott & Dunning)
      with a culture-based system for detection of group A streptococci in 964 throat
      swabs. Discordants were resolved by Lancefield typing of beta-hemolytic colonies.
      After culture, swabs were randomly assigned to be tested by Directigen within 4 h
      of sampling or after overnight storage. For swabs that yielded more than 50 beta
      hemolytic colonies from culture, there was a highly significant difference (P
      less than 0.01) in sensitivity between the group tested early and the group
      tested after storage overnight. For swabs tested within 4 h of sampling, a trend
      (P = 0.07) existed between sensitivity and length of delay before testing.

PMID- 3891780
TI  - A subset of Schwann cells in peripheral nerves contain a 50-kDa protein
      antigenically related to astrocyte intermediate filaments.
AB  - Antisera raised to the astrocyte intermediate filament structural protein stained
      elements in the peripheral nerves of several species. These elements were not
      associated with myelinated nerve fibers, were more common in splenic and vagus
      nerves than in the sciatic nerve, and persisted after nerve transection. In
      teased nerve preparations antigen-positive cells appeared to be the Schwann cells
      that surround small diameter, unmyelinated axons. Absorption of the antiserum
      with purified rat spinal cord 50-kDa protein or with bovine splenic nerve
      cytoskeletal extract blocked the reaction with CNS astrocyte processes or with
      PNS nerve fibers. Immunoblots of cytoskeletal preparations of bovine splenic
      nerve or rat sciatic nerve showed that the antigen from peripheral nerves
      comigrated at 50 kDa with antigen from bovine or rat spinal cord or cultured rat
      astrocytes. The CNS and PNS 50-kDa proteins from bovine tissues were subjected to
      limited digestion with Staphylococcus aureus protease V8. After separation on SDS
      gels, antigenic peptides were detected by immunoblotting. The pattern of
      antigenic peptides for the CNS and PNS proteins were identical. We conclude that
      Schwann cells associated with nonmyelinated axons contain a cytoskeletal protein
      that is the same size and has the same peptide map as the major structural
      protein of astrocyte intermediate filaments.

PMID- 3891781
TI  - Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-like immunoreactivity in the rodent eye.
      Comparison between peripheral glia of the anterior uvea and central glia of the
      retina.
AB  - Immunohistochemistry with antiserum raised against glial fibrillary acidic
      protein (GFAP) revealed a dense plexus of GFAP-positive fibers in normal rodent
      iris. These fibers were not stained with 2 monoclonal GFAP antibodies which
      readily stain astrocytes, suggesting that they contain a polypeptide closely
      related, but not identical, to CNS GFAP. The GFAP-positive iris fibers did not
      disappear after short-term intraocular grafting or culturing of irides; instead a
      conspicuous system of fluorescent, star-shaped cells appeared. In the retina
      Muller glia were intensely fluorescent using GFAP antiserum whereas positive
      staining was observed with GFAP monoclonals only after injury to the retina.
      These antibodies, however, readily stained astrocytes in the inner layers of the
      normal retina. Taken together, these findings support the idea of GFA proteins as
      a group of closely related but not identical polypeptides.

PMID- 3891782
TI  - The lens epithelium contains glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).
AB  - Both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein
      (GFAP) intensely immunostain the lens epithelium. Two-dimensional gels of mouse
      lens epithelium protein extracts reveal a protein which co-migrates with GFAP
      from spinal cord. A lens epithelial protein of approximately 50 000 MW on one
      dimensional gels is immunoreactive with antiserum to GFAP (Hatfield et al. 1984).
      GFAP has been regarded as a protein unique to neuroglial cells but this study
      indicates that some cells of ectodermal origin (the lens epithelium) express
      GFAP.

PMID- 3891783
TI  - Extra-neural glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity in
      perisinusoidal stellate cells of rat liver.
AB  - The dendritic processes and perinuclear cytoplasm of stellate-shaped
      perisinusoidal cells in frozen sections of rat liver were specifically labeled
      with antisera raised independently to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the
      major component of intermediate filaments in astrocytes. A liver protein co
      migrating with authentic GFAP and immunoreactive with GFAP antisera was
      demonstrated with immunoblots of brain and liver extracts enriched in
      intermediate filament proteins separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). This study presents yet another example of
      immunoreactivity to GFAP, or a highly similar protein localized outside the CNS,
      in cells of mesenchymal origin exhibiting some morphological features common to
      astroglia.

PMID- 3891784
TI  - Glial fibrillary acidic polypeptides in peripheral glia. Molecular weight,
      heterogeneity and distribution.
AB  - Glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) polypeptides are present in major categories of rat
      peripheral glia including non-myelin-forming Schwann cells, enteric glia and some
      satellite cells. They can be detected both immunochemically and
      immunohistochemically. The immunoreactivity is associated with a polypeptide
      which has an MW of 49 000, indistinguishable from that of glial fibrillary acidic
      protein (GFAP) from rat brain. In spite of this, the GFA polypeptides found in
      the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system are not identical since
      they can be distinguished both immunohistochemically and immunochemically by a
      monoclonal GFAP antibody which recognizes GFAP in astrocytes and some enteric
      glia, but not GFAP in non-myelin-forming Schwann cells, satellite cells and many
      enteric glia. GFA-related molecules can also be detected in human Schwann cells
      by immunofluorescence. The results suggest, however, that the glial filament
      polypeptides of peripheral glia and astrocytes are less closely related in the
      human than in the rat. The glial distribution of GFAP is closely paralleled by 2
      cell surface proteins, Ran-2 and A5E3 antigen. Although GFAP, Ran-2 and A5E3 are
      individually expressed by diverse cell types, the phenotype GFAP+, Ran-2+, A5E3+
      defines a narrow group including only non-myelin-forming Schwann cells, enteric
      glia and astrocytes. These observations suggest that the non-myelin-forming cells
      of the central and peripheral nervous system may share some common functions.

PMID- 3891785
TI  - A neutralising monoclonal antibody against a paramyxovirus reacts with a brain
      antigen.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody against simian virus (SV5) HN glycoprotein which
      specifically neutralises the virus cross-reacts in immunofluorescence with an
      antigen in the cytoplasm of Purkinje cells of adult rat brain. After fixation in
      acetic acid-ethanol a cross-reaction is also seen with a myelin component. Cross
      reaction of this antibody with human brain was also observed on section using
      immunofluorescence and in tissue extracts using ELISA and radioimmune assays.
      Monoclonal antibodies against other viruses, against another epitope on the same
      virus polypeptide and against another SV5 polypeptide of the same isotype were
      all negative in these tests.

PMID- 3891786
TI  - Enhanced glycemic responsiveness to epinephrine in insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus is the result of the inability to secrete insulin. Augmented insulin
      secretion normally limits the glycemic, but not the lipolytic or ketogenic,
      response to epinephrine in humans.
AB  - To determine if the enhanced glycemic response to epinephrine in patients with
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is the result of increased adrenergic
      sensitivity per se, increased glucagon secretion, decreased insulin secretion, or
      a combination of these, plasma epinephrine concentration-response curves were
      determined in insulin-infused (initially euglycemic) patients with IDDM and
      nondiabetic subjects on two occasions: once when insulin and glucagon were free
      to change (control study), and again when insulin and glucagon were held constant
      (islet clamp study). During the control study, plasma C-peptide doubled, and
      glucagon did not change in the nondiabetic subjects, whereas plasma C-peptide did
      not change but glucagon increased in the patients. The patients with IDDM
      exhibited threefold greater increments in plasma glucose, largely the result of
      greater increments in glucose production. This enhanced glycemic response was
      apparent with 30-min increments in epinephrine to plasma concentrations as low as
      100-200 pg/ml, levels that occur commonly under physiologic conditions. During
      the islet clamp study (somatostatin infusion with insulin and glucagon
      replacement at fixed rates), the heightened glycemic response was unaltered in
      the patients with IDDM, but the nondiabetic subjects exhibited an enhanced
      glycemic response to epinephrine indistinguishable from that of patients with
      IDDM. In contrast, the FFA, glycerol, and beta-hydroxybutyrate responses were
      unaltered. Thus, we conclude the following: Short, physiologic increments in
      plasma epinephrine cause greater increments in plasma glucose in patients with
      IDDM than in nondiabetic subjects, a finding likely to be relevant to glycemic
      control during the daily lives of such patients as well as during the stress of
      intercurrent illness. Enhanced glycemic responsiveness of patients with IDDM to
      epinephrine is not the result of increased sensitivity of adrenergic receptor
      effector mechanisms per se nor of their increased glucagon secretory response;
      rather, it is the result of their inability to augment insulin secretion.
      Augmented insulin secretion, albeit restrained, normally limits the glycemic
      response, but not the lipolytic or ketogenic responses, to epinephrine in humans.

PMID- 3891787
TI  - Despite a massive increase in cortisol secretion in women during parturition,
      there is an equally massive increase in prostaglandin synthesis. A paradox?
AB  - In this investigation, we sought to resolve the apparent paradox that is posed by
      the fact that there is a simultaneous increase in the production of prostaglandin
      and cortisol in women during labor. A paradox obtains, since in most tissues,
      cortisol acts to inhibit prostaglandin formation. Using previously characterized
      model systems for the in vitro study of arachidonic acid metabolism in amnion,
      decidua, and myometrium, we found that prostaglandin production by amnion and
      endometrial stromal cells in monolayer culture was not decreased by
      glucocorticosteroid treatment. On the other hand, prostaglandin production by
      myometrial smooth muscle cells in culture was inhibited by greater than 90% in
      response to dexamethasone (10(-7) M) treatment. Importantly, the major
      prostaglandin produced by myometrium, as well as myometrial smooth muscle cells
      in culture, is prostacyclin, a prostaglandin that acts to cause uterine
      quiescence. We suggest that the immunity of amnion and decidua to the action of
      glucocorticosteroids may allow for the accelerated production of prostaglandins
      E2 and F2 alpha, which act to cause myometrial contractions; simultaneously,
      glucocorticosteroid produced in large quantities in women in labor may lead to
      decreased production of prostacyclin by myometrium, thereby reducing uterine
      quiescence. In this coordinated manner, the uterine contractions that culminate
      in delivery of the fetus may proceed uninterrupted in the face of increased
      cortisol production.

PMID- 3891788
TI  - Modulation of proinsulin messenger RNA after partial pancreatectomy in rats.
      Relationships to glucose homeostasis.
AB  - These studies of partial pancreatectomy assess pancreatic proinsulin messenger
      RNA (mRNA) levels as an index of in vivo insulin biosynthesis, and show
      relationships to glucose homeostasis. Rats were subjected to sham operation, 50%
      pancreatectomy (Px), or 90% Px, and were examined after 1, 3, or 14 wk.
      Proinsulin mRNA was measured by dot hybridization to complementary DNA. After 50%
      Px there was a nearly complete adaptation of proinsulin mRNA. After 90% Px a
      marked increase of proinsulin mRNA occurred, but it was insufficient and it was
      not maintained with time. The deficit in insulin production is related to
      development of hyperglycemia. Sham-operated controls showed no worsening of
      fasting or fed blood glucose or of intraperitoneal glucose tolerance within the
      period of observation. Total proinsulin mRNA and pancreatic insulin content rose
      in proportion to body weight. 50% Px produced no change from controls in body
      weight or blood glucose. The concentration of proinsulin mRNA in the 50%
      pancreatic remnant paralleled that of controls after 1 and 3 wk, but then
      increased after 14 wk, such that total proinsulin mRNA approached control levels.
      This adaptive response was reflected by changes in serum insulin, but not by
      pancreatic insulin content, which was only 30% of control after 14 wk.
      Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance was impaired mildly, and did not worsen with
      time after pancreatectomy. 90% Px led to elevated fed blood glucose and reduced
      serum insulin after 3 wk, and fasting hyperglycemia was seen after 14 wk.
      Proinsulin mRNA concentration in the 10% pancreatic remnant showed an adaptive
      increase after 1 and 3 wk, such that total proinsulin mRNA reached 40% of
      control. After 14 wk, however, remnant proinsulin mRNA concentration was no
      longer increased; total proinsulin mRNA and pancreatic insulin content were
      severely reduced. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance was impaired more
      dramatically than with the 50% Px animals, and worsened with time after
      operation. These observations indicate ability to increase proinsulin mRNA levels
      as an adaptation to pancreatectomy. Insufficiency of this adaptation is
      associated with the development of hyperglycemia, and the loss of this adaptation
      correlates with a worsening of glucose tolerance.

PMID- 3891789
TI  - Immunocytochemical staining of T and B lymphocytes in serous effusions.
AB  - Cell smears from serous effusions containing large numbers of lymphoid cells were
      stained by the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase technique with a
      panel of monoclonal antibodies, including anti-B and anti-T cell antibodies and
      anti-HLA-DR. Samples from 17 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders--such as
      chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma--and from 19 patients
      who had no evidence of lymphoid neoplasia--for example, cases of carcinoma,
      cardiac failure--were investigated. The majority of lymphoid cells in reactive
      effusions were T cells, which lacked HLA-DR and showed a marked excess of
      helper/inducer cells (mean helper to suppressor ratio of 3 X 5). In contrast,
      lymphoid cells in samples from nine cases of B cell neoplasia were positive for B
      cell antigen and HLA-DR. In a further four B cell neoplasms most lymphoid cells
      were reactive T cells. Two cases of T cell lymphoid leukaemia could also be
      characterised by immunocytochemical staining, both being classified as T helper
      cell neoplasms. Labelling was performed on routinely prepared, air dried cell
      smears, which could be stored in the unfixed state for long periods before
      staining. The technique may therefore be of use in many clinical cytology
      laboratories for the diagnosis of effusions containing numerous lymphoid cells.

PMID- 3891790
TI  - Endometrial lymphoid tissue: an immunohistological study.
AB  - Lymphoid tissue of the endometrium was analysed by histological,
      immunohistological, and electron microscopical methods in 10 healthy uteri. A
      panel of monoclonal antibodies recognising macrophages (OKMI), HLA-DR antigen, B
      lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and their subsets, and dendritic reticulum cells was
      used in a two stage indirect immunoperoxidase labelling technique. Endometrial
      lymphoid tissue showed a remarkably consistent pattern of labelling in all cases.
      Lymphoid tissue was present in three sites: namely, (i) intraepithelial
      lymphocytes (predominantly T lymphocytes with occasional macrophages) associated
      with periglandular and sub-epithelial HLA-DR+, OKMI+ macrophages; (ii)
      interstitial lymphocytes and macrophages; (iii) lymphoid aggregates in the
      stratum basalis. These were composed mainly of T lymphocytes with a few B
      lymphocytes. Dendritic reticulum cells were found in those occasional lymphoid
      aggregates in which germinal centres were present. These features suggest that
      endometrial lymphoid tissue has many of the hallmarks of mucosal associated
      lymphoid tissue as found elsewhere in the body--for example, the bronchus and
      intestine. Endometrial lymphoid tissue appears to be unique, however, in that
      most of the stratum functionalis in which it is situated shows cyclical shedding
      during the menstrual cycle.

PMID- 3891792
TI  - Use of immunoblotting to identify antigenic differences between the yeast and
      mycelial phases of Candida albicans.
AB  - Western blotting was applied to the analysis of Candida albicans in the yeast and
      mycelial phases in an attempt to recognise mycelial specific antigens which might
      be of serodiagnostic value. The antisera were prepared in rabbits by immunising
      them with pressates of C albicans type A NCTC 3153 in the yeast phase or the
      mycelial phase. These were blotted against C albicans in the yeast and mycelial
      phases and the yeast phase of C parapsilosis, C krusei, C tropicalis, and
      Torulopsis glabrata. Cross reactivity was greatest against C parapsilosis. One
      yeast specific mannoprotein was identified with a molecular weight of 49 000. No
      mycelial specific antigens could be identified.

PMID- 3891791
TI  - Modified immunocytochemical slide technique for demonstrating surface antigens on
      viable cells.
AB  - Further developments of an immunoenzymatic slide technique to demonstrate cell
      surface antigens with monoclonal antibodies are described. In this method cells
      are attached to polylysine coated glass slides in order to facilitate the
      handling of low cell numbers and to save antibodies and time for washing the
      cells. The technique has been modified for the labelling of viable cells.
      Endogenous peroxidase is used as an additional cell marker which does not
      interfere with the demonstration of antigens on the cell surface by
      immunoperoxidase methods. Damaged cells can be identified reliably, thereby
      minimising interpretation errors due to non-specific antibody uptake. A double
      labelling technique employing peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase coupled
      reagents is presented. Results of this slide technique are clear cut, so that
      evaluation can be performed by trained technicians.

PMID- 3891793
TI  - Direct immunoperoxidase method for demonstrating Chlamydia psittaci in tissue
      sections.

PMID- 3891794
TI  - Chemical plaque control and extrinsic tooth discoloration. A review of possible
      mechanisms.
AB  - The etiology of extrinsic tooth discolorations due to chemical, plaque-preventive
      agents is not fully understood. However, information from experimental
      investigations point to at least 3 possible mechanisms. (A) Non-enzymatic
      browning reactions (Maillard reactions). (B) Formation of pigmented metal (Fe,
      Sn)-sulfides. (C) Reaction products of food and beverage constituents and
      chemical, plaque-preventive compounds. Available evidence indicates that browning
      (A) and formation of pigmented metal sulfides (B) are the most likely causes of
      these discolorations while dietary factors (C) may play a modifying role.

PMID- 3891795
TI  - Effect of crown-attached sutures on healing of experimental furcation defects in
      dogs.
AB  - This study evaluates whether suturing of replaced flaps with crown-attached
      sutures, following reconstructive surgery, counteracts postoperative recession of
      the gingival margins and facilitates new attachment. Through-and-through
      furcation defects were created in the mandibular premolars of 5 beagle dogs. Bone
      was surgically removed from the furcation and around each root to a level 3 to 4
      mm below the cemento-enamel junction. Steel wires were placed in the furcations
      for 6 weeks to enhance plaque formation. After 12 weeks, reconstructive surgery
      that included acid conditioning of root surfaces was performed. On 1 side of the
      mandible, the flaps were replaced and secured by bonding the sutures to the teeth
      with composite resin. On the other side, the replaced flaps were sutured
      interdentally with single sutures. The results demonstrated that the margins of
      flaps secured with interdental sutures shifted apically to the fornix of the
      furcations after 1 week, and histologically all 10 furcations were found to be
      lined with epithelium. Margins of flaps secured with crown-attached sutures
      remained an average of 0.5 mm coronally to the fornix, and 13 of the 14 teeth
      showed new attachment. The results indicate that a suturing technique which
      counteracts gingival recession, favours the formation of new attachment in this
      beagle dog model.

PMID- 3891796
TI  - Scaling and granulation tissue removal in periodontal therapy.
AB  - The present clinical trial was performed to study whether subgingival scaling is
      a method of therapy which is equally effective as "access" flaps in reducing
      gingivitis and probing depths and in improving probing attachment levels. The
      study was also designed to assess whether granulation tissue removal is a
      determining factor for proper healing in the treatment of periodontal disease. 15
      patients with advanced periodontal disease were included in the study. Each
      patient had at least 4 sites in each quadrant of the jaws with probing depths
      exceeding 6 mm. A baseline examination was performed to assess the following
      parameters: the oral hygiene status, the gingival conditions, the probing pocket
      depths and the probing attachment levels. In addition, in each quadrant, 3
      approximal sites were selected for analysis of the subgingival microbiota. All of
      these sites showed signs of gingivitis. One site had a probing depth of less than
      4 mm, another a probing depth between 4 and 6 mm and the third site had a probing
      depth exceeding 6 mm. The subgingival bacterial samples were studied by dark
      field microscopy and the % of spirochetes and motile rods was assessed. By random
      selection the 4 jaw quadrants in each patient were treated for periodontal
      disease by the use of (1) the modified Widman flap procedure, (2) the modified
      Kirkland flap procedure or by (3) nonsurgical scaling and root planing. In all,
      20 quadrants were treated with each of the 3 procedures. After the termination of
      active periodontal treatment, all patients were recalled for professional tooth
      cleaning once every 2 weeks during a 12-week period. Subsequently, they were
      recalled for prophylaxis every 3 months. The patients were examined 6 and 12
      months after treatment using the same parameters as used at baseline. The data
      from the examinations demonstrated that subgingival scaling is an effective
      measure in the treatment of periodontal disease. Both in terms of average
      gingivitis resolution and average probing depth reduction, non-surgical therapy
      appeared to be equally effective as a surgical approach to treatment. It was also
      observed, however, that following non-surgical treatment, a larger number of
      sites with pockets exceeding 6 mm remained than following surgical therapy. Most
      of these deep pockets in non-surgically treated quadrants bled on probing to the
      base of the pocket. In addition, the subgingival microbiota of such sites were
      found to harbor more than 20% spirochetes and motile rods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3891797
TI  - Second generation antidepressants: a comparative review.
AB  - The authors review four "second generation" antidepressants (maprotiline,
      amoxapine, trazodone, and nomifensine) in terms of action on biogenic amines and
      receptors, antidepressive efficacy, and adverse effects. Doxepin is used as a
      comparative agent and is similar to the prototypical tricyclic agents in all the
      above categories. Maprotiline is a selective noradrenergic agent, but shares a
      similar adverse effect profile with doxepin and may be associated with a high
      frequency of seizures in overdose. Amoxapine is a mixed action antidepressant
      with significant neuroleptic activity in vivo. Its adverse effect profile is
      highlighted by symptoms related to its neuroleptic activity, and seizures and
      acute renal failure in overdose. Trazodone is a selective serotonergic agent with
      low anticholinergic activity, and minimal morbidity/mortality in overdose.
      Reports of priapism, leading to impotence in some men, however, is of concern.
      Nomifensine is a potent noradrenergic and dopaminergic agent with low
      anticholinergic activity, and minimum cardiotoxicity and low morbidity/mortality
      in overdose. Its most important adverse effects include overstimulation and
      infrequent, usually reversible, immunologic hypersensitivity reactions. Trazodone
      and nomifensine have favorable profiles for use in the elderly. Trazodone may be
      more favorable in the anxious/agitated patient due to its sedative effects,
      whereas nomifensine may be more beneficial in the retarded, apathetic patient.

PMID- 3891798
TI  - A patient selection profile for the use of speech prostheses in adult dysarthria.
AB  - This paper deals with the decision making process involved in patient selection
      for the use of speech prostheses in adult dysarthria. A candidacy profile is
      presented and explained. Assessment of all components of dysarthria, including
      resonance, articulation, phonation, respiration, and prosody, is stressed along
      with motivational and medical considerations.

PMID- 3891799
TI  - Cytotoxic agents for use in dermatology. I.
AB  - There are indications for the use of cytotoxic drugs in some dermatologic
      diseases. These drugs may be lifesaving for patients with diseases such as
      pemphigus, lymphomas, and vasculitis or they may merely offer an improved quality
      of life for patients who have diseases such as psoriasis, progressive systemic
      sclerosis, or sarcoidosis. In either set of circumstances, in the properly
      monitored patient cytotoxic drugs may be used safely and effectively, offering
      very few problems for the patient or the therapist. The dermatologist who is
      interested in offering his/her patients the best medical care possible will wish
      to become proficient in the use of cytotoxic drugs, just as he/she is proficient
      in the use of the tetracyclines, systemic corticosteroids, and other powerful,
      but useful, agents.

PMID- 3891800
TI  - Simplified fixative medium for direct immunofluorescence in skin biopsies.
AB  - The main limitation for the use of direct immunofluorescence in skin biopsies was
      the necessity for frozen tissue. In 1973 Michel et al reported use of a liquid
      fixative, consisting of ammonium sulfate, N-ethyl-maleimide, magnesium sulfate,
      and potassium citrate, for handling skin biopsy specimens. The present study
      introduces a simplified liquid fixative medium consisting only of ammonium
      sulfate and saline. Comparisons of direct immunofluorescence findings in biopsy
      specimens transported in these two transport media and in fresh-frozen specimens
      revealed only minimal differences between the three different procedures.

PMID- 3891801
TI  - Acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa in North America. A report of two cases.
AB  - This report concerns two unrelated patients with acrokeratoelastoidosis who noted
      the onset of skin lesions before the age of 20. There was no history of solar
      damage or evidence of chronic trauma. The case histories and histologic findings
      of these patients are presented and discussed in relation to a review of the
      world literature.

PMID- 3891802
TI  - Use of cytotoxic drugs in dermatologic diseases. II.

PMID- 3891803
TI  - Milk production from grazed temperate grassland.

PMID- 3891804
TI  - Morphology of dentin surfaces in prepared cavities.
AB  - Rotating instruments produced cleaner cavity surfaces at 400,000 rpm than at
      200,000 rpm. And tungsten carbide burs left cleaner surfaces than did the diamond
      instruments.

PMID- 3891805
TI  - Oral health status in the United States: tooth loss and edentulism.

PMID- 3891806
TI  - Growth factors and wound healing in the hamster.
AB  - We have investigated the effect of topically applied mitogenic preparations on
      the healing of full-thickness skin wounds in the Syrian hamster. In an attempt to
      accelerate the healing process, dexamethasone and insulin, platelet-derived
      growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, thrombin, defined medium F for
      fibroblasts, liver cell supernatant, epidermal growth factor, and colostrum were
      applied to the wounds. These mitogens had no significant influence on the rate of
      wound contraction or on the time to complete healing in full-thickness,
      noncompromised skin wounds in this animal model.

PMID- 3891807
TI  - Surgical repair of atresia of nasal passages.
AB  - Surgical correction of nasal atresia following healing of smallpox lesions in a
      15-year-old girl is presented. The surgical technique used was complete excision
      of the scars and resurfacing of the resulting wound with grafts of full-thickness
      retroauricular skin. Particular attention was paid to prevention of postoperative
      contracture.

PMID- 3891808
TI  - The "dermal tuck".

PMID- 3891809
TI  - Capsule dermatopathology: clinicopathologic types of malignant melanoma-
      relevance to biologic behavior and diagnostic surgical approach.

PMID- 3891810
TI  - A new method for preparing tissue blocks for cryostat sectioning.

PMID- 3891811
TI  - A specialty in decline? Psychiatric-mental health nursing, past, present and
      future.

PMID- 3891812
TI  - Medicare funding for nursing education.

PMID- 3891813
TI  - Methylphenidate in hyperactive children: differential effects of dose on
      academic, learning, and social behavior.
AB  - Methylphenidate (Ritalin) has been shown to have differential effects on
      hyperactive children's behavior as a function of dose level. In the present
      investigation, a triple-blind, placebo-control, within-subject (crossover)
      experimental design was employed in which 12 hyperactive boys between 6 and 10
      years received three different dosages of methylphenidate (5, 10, and 15 mg) in a
      randomly assigned sequence. Dosage effects were assessed on clinic-(PAL--Paired
      Associates Learning test) and school-(percent on task, teacher ratings, work
      completion rates, and accuracy) related behaviors. For 10 of the children,
      classified as responders to medication by the PAL using the criteria of Swanson,
      Kinsbourne, and colleagues, a series of ANCOVAs with repeated measures showed
      significant dosage effects on teacher ratings (p less than .01), percent on task
      (p less than .01), academic accuracy (p less than .05), and assignment completion
      rates (p less than .05). PAL performance was also significantly enhanced (p less
      than .01) after optimal dose levels were considered. Subsequent trend analysis
      showed a significant positive linear relationship between dose and each of the
      dependent variables. A comparison of fixed-dose and miligram-per-kilogram plots
      showed that children's performance across the different dosages were clearly
      individualistic and task-specific, even when similar body weights were compared.
      The implications of using clinic-based testing to determine optimal medication
      responsivity were discussed.

PMID- 3891814
TI  - The care of the patient. By Francis W. Peabody, M.D. 1927.

PMID- 3891815
TI  - Esthetic dentistry.

PMID- 3891816
TI  - Special people ... special care.

PMID- 3891817
TI  - A critical evaluation of occlusal therapy: occlusal adjustment procedures.

PMID- 3891818
TI  - Dentistry on stamps.

PMID- 3891819
TI  - Horace Wells.

PMID- 3891820
TI  - The presidents. Marcus Llewellyn Ward 1938-1939.

PMID- 3891821
TI  - Absence of rebound from diltiazem therapy in Prinzmetal's variant angina.
AB  - To determine the frequency of rebound anginal symptoms on abrupt withdrawal of
      calcium channel blocking agents, anginal symptoms were retrospectively examined
      in patients with Prinzmetal's variant angina abruptly withdrawn from diltiazem
      therapy as part of the design of a placebo-controlled multiple crossover trial.
      Rebound was defined as a return of anginal symptoms to levels exceeding those of
      the pretreatment baseline state. Values for daily frequency of angina were
      compared (after subtracting corresponding baseline values) between placebo
      periods following diltiazem periods and placebo periods following placebo
      periods. No intergroup differences existed between mean changes in daily
      frequency of angina from baseline value (-0.61 for placebo following diltiazem
      versus -1.10 for placebo following placebo) (p greater than 0.4). Furthermore, in
      13 (28%) of 46 occurrences when placebo followed placebo, daily frequency of
      angina exceeded baseline value in the immediate 3 day period following placebo
      compared with 17 (21%) of 80 occurrences when placebo followed diltiazem. There
      was no increased rebound occurrence comparing high dose (240 mg/day) with low
      dose (120 mg/day) diltiazem therapy. No significant symptoms such as myocardial
      infarction or unstable angina occurred after withdrawal of diltiazem or placebo.
      The lack of difference in rebound after diltiazem or placebo withdrawal was
      consistent using paired and unpaired analyses. In conclusion, there appears to be
      no evidence that abrupt withdrawal of therapy with diltiazem results in rebound
      anginal symptoms.

PMID- 3891822
TI  - Accelerated atherosclerosis in a cardiac transplant patient.
AB  - A cardiac transplant patient with rapidly progressive graft atherosclerosis is
      described. This case demonstrates the accelerated nature of this disease and
      problems in diagnosis, as well as an unexpected and previously unreported lack of
      sensitivity of exercise thallium scintigraphy in its investigation. This case
      also gives further support to the practice of routinely and frequently obtaining
      coronary arteriograms in the management of these patients.

PMID- 3891823
TI  - Reactivity of IgE and IgG serum levels to chymopapain after chemonucleolysis.
AB  - Patients suffering from herniated lumbar intervertebral disks can currently be
      treated by chemonucleolysis. This procedure involves reducing the nucleus
      pulposus by injecting chymopapain into the affected intervertebral disk. A small
      percentage of the patients who undergo this treatment experience an immediate
      hypersensitivity reaction. In this study the IgE and IgG specific for sensitivity
      to chymopapain of 21 patients receiving chymopapain (Discase for injection) was
      monitored over a 6-month period after injection. This study demonstrates that
      serum levels of IgE and IgG to chymopapain increase after chemonucleolysis.

PMID- 3891824
TI  - Skin testing in chymopapain anaphylaxis.

PMID- 3891825
TI  - Continuing medical education. Asthma in infants and children: Part 1.

PMID- 3891826
TI  - The effect of ketotifen on bronchial hyperreactivity in childhood asthma.
AB  - Eighteen children with perennial bronchial asthma with an average age of 9.6 yr
      were studied with respect to the protective effect of ketotifen on bronchial
      hyperreactivity. All children included demonstrated bronchial reversibility after
      inhalation of salbutamol, and the methacholine challenge produced a decrease of
      the forced expiratory volume during the first second of at least 20% in the
      concentration interval of 0.25 mg/ml to 4.0 mg/ml. The study was double-blind
      with patients divided into two parallel groups treated for 12 wk with ketotifen
      or placebo. Methacholine provocation tests were performed every fourth week
      during this period. No differences between the challenges before and during the
      treatment period were found in either group, nor were any differences found
      between the ketotifen and placebo groups. Long-term treatment with ketotifen does
      not appear to alter the bronchial hyperreactivity in children with bronchial
      asthma.

PMID- 3891827
TI  - Neurophysiology of infantile autism.

PMID- 3891828
TI  - Direct observation studies of hyperactive behaviors.

PMID- 3891829
TI  - Feeding the vegan infant and child.
AB  - Nutrients that may be deficient in diets of vegetarian infants and preschoolers
      and that affect growth and development are energy, protein, calcium, iron, zinc,
      riboflavin, and vitamins B-12 and D. Reasons for these nutrient deficiencies
      include: limited volumetric capacity of the stomach of infants, toddlers, and
      preschoolers; low-caloric-density foods eaten by vegans; limited food choices;
      and restriction of number of meals and snacks eaten by vegan children.
      Suggestions are made for meeting the energy and nutrient needs of infants and
      children within the food ways of their families.

PMID- 3891830
TI  - Mycotic conjunctivitis: an overview.
AB  - Mycotic conjunctivitis is a clinical entity which is associated with soft contact
      lens wear. This paper reviews the laboratory research data about the cause,
      symptoms and therapy.

PMID- 3891831
TI  - Review of the health effects of methylmercury.
AB  - The study critically reviews recent data relating to the health effects of
      methylmercury in man and the attendant dose-response relationships. New data
      obtained from animal studies, including pre-and postnatal exposure, are also
      examined. The consumption of fish and fish produce represents the major source of
      methylmercury exposure in the general population. Reported mercury concentrations
      in fish throughout the world are examined, particularly in the Mediterranean Sea.
      Here there is limited knowledge of methylmercury intake in critically exposed
      populations such as fishermen, employees of the fish industries and their
      families. The measurement of mercury in hair is now regarded as the most useful
      indicator of exposure but more experimental data are still required to increase
      the value of this index. The threshold levels of methylmercury in blood, hair and
      for dietary intake, as estimated by the World Health Organization, have been
      largely endorsed. However, new information from Japan and Canada suggests the
      existence of a latency period for some effects, so that the frequency or
      probability of their occurrence is inversely related to the duration of exposure.
      Incorporation of such findings would therefore lead to the designation of lower
      threshold values than are presently recognized. Pregnant women and the fetus have
      been identified as groups that are at special risk. The fetal blood mercury level
      is up to twice that of the mother and the sensitivity of both mother and fetus
      may be higher than in non-pregnant adults. This should be taken into account when
      assigning protective threshold concentrations.

PMID- 3891832
TI  - The experimental administration of lead to rats in neuropathological and
      behavioural studies.
AB  - The experimental investigation of the effects of lead have been studied for
      nearly 20 years. In that time, a variety of neurobiological processes have been
      reported to be altered following ingestion of lead. Most routes of administration
      and a bewildering number of doses have been employed to administer lead to
      experimental animals. However, inadequate characterization of dose regimes has
      impaired understanding of any effects, and their correlation to conditions of
      human exposure. As an index of lead burden, blood lead remains the most reliable
      means of assessing recent lead absorption. It is clear that a large number of
      model systems and dosing regimes do not address the problems of human clinical or
      subclinical lead intoxication. It is also clear from brain lead measurements in
      experimental animals that lead is selectively sequestered into specific areas of
      the control nervous system.

PMID- 3891833
TI  - [Automated and semiautomated perimetry. Comparative trial of 3 devices (Baylor
      programmer, Friedmann Mark II campimeter, Octopus 2000 R.)].
AB  - Modern perimetry involves automated or semi-automated procedures, this computer
      assisted perimetry (CAP) providing results independent of the examiner, and with
      marked discrimination of light sensibility through quantification of points
      tested. A wide variety of CAP devices are available, and a comparative study was
      conducted in 50 patients using 3 perimetric apparatuses with similar supraliminal
      static techniques but with variable automated potentials: The Goldman perimeter
      modified by "Baylor visual fields programmer": static technique for the middle
      area and kinetic for the peripheral area. The Friedmann Mark II Visual Fields
      Analyser with a multiple stimulus static technique for the middle area. The
      Fankhauser Octopus 2000 R perimeter with a precise static technique for middle
      and peripheral areas. This perimeter, highly automated, also allows statistical
      evaluation of defects changes, owing to storage of results on magnetic discs.
      Patients studied had either: glaucoma (25 cases) or neuro-ophthalmologic and
      retinal disorders (24 cases). Conclusions drawn from the experience acquired by
      the authors during more than one year of use of the 3 devices were: Rate of
      detection of defects is excellent with the Octopus and quite good with the
      Friedmann MKII, but limited in the middle area. The Baylor program does not allow
      quantification of defects. The image is clear with the Octopus as far as the gray
      scale is concerned, and more exact as far as the comparative tables are
      concerned; is not clear with the Friedmann MKII; is typical and clear with the
      Baylor. The length of examination (which varies with the programs used as far as
      the Octopus is concerned, and with the patient's reaction time) is usually long
      with the Octopus and the Friedmann, but short with the Baylor. Time and energy
      can be gained by the use of the Octopus, since it supplies data obtained from use
      of the Baylor program associated with that of the Friedmann MKII. The authors
      prefer to follow up campimetric evolution of glaucomatous patients with the
      Octopus because it offers more sensibility and precision in quantifying losses.
      The application of the statistical evaluation delta program on the 2000 R device,
      which will soon be tested in the Ophthalmological Department, could in an
      objective way indicate whether there is stabilization or a real progression of
      glaucomatous defects.

PMID- 3891834
TI  - A bibliography of doctoral dissertations on aging from American institutions of
      higher learning, 1981-1983.

PMID- 3891835
TI  - [Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. Contribution of echography to prenatal diagnosis.
      Apropos of a case].
AB  - The Ellis Van Creveld syndrome gives rise to a dwarf showing chondroectodermal
      dysplasia. We report a case where the diagnosis was made antenatally by
      ultrasound. It showed that the length of the femur was shorter than the mean for
      the gestational age and it also showed six fingers. A review of the literature
      demonstrates that it is possible to make the diagnosis of skeletal dysplasia
      prenatally using ultrasound.

PMID- 3891836
TI  - Low incidence of heat-labile enterotoxin-producing Escherichia coli strains in
      the Federal Republic of Germany.

PMID- 3891837
TI  - An epidemic of bacillary dysentery at Raipur.

PMID- 3891838
TI  - H. Newell Martin--a remarkable career destroyed by neurasthenia and alcoholism.

PMID- 3891839
TI  - Arthur Tatum, Parke-Davis, and the discovery of Mapharsen as an antisyphilitic
      agent.

PMID- 3891840
TI  - Neurasthenia in Pennsylvania: a perspective on the origins of American
      psychotherapy, 1870-1910.

PMID- 3891841
TI  - Adoption of the metric system by the U.S. Pharmacopoeia.

PMID- 3891842
TI  - The suicide of Thomas Addison.

PMID- 3891843
TI  - Extracellular matrix of the human thymus: immunofluorescence studies on frozen
      sections and cultured epithelial cells.
AB  - The immunohistochemical detection of elements of the human thymic extracellular
      matrix in situ and in vitro is described. In the normal thymus, the intracapsular
      and intraseptal fibers were strongly labeled by anti-type I collagen antiserum.
      Basement membranes bordering the capsule, septae, and perivascular spaces were
      intensely stained by anti-type IV collagen, anti-fibronectin, and anti-laminin
      sera. In hyperplastic myasthenia gravis thymuses, the major changes consisted of
      discontinuities of the basement membrane adjacent to clusters of epithelial
      (keratin-containing) cells, among which an unusual connective framework (densely
      labeled by all the antisera) was observed. In vitro, most epithelial cells were
      strongly labeled by antifibronectin serum and to a lesser extent by the anti-type
      IV collagen and anti-laminin sera. In addition, fibronectin, laminin, and type IV
      collagen were detected in the intercellular spaces bordering the epithelial cells
      in culture. Results show that thymic epithelial cells participate in the
      synthesis of extracellular matrix elements, which as a result of their
      localization and influence on epithelial cell growth, should be regarded as
      constitutive components of the thymic microenvironment.

PMID- 3891844
TI  - Mixed glycosidase pretreatment reduces nonspecific binding of antibodies to
      frozen tissue sections.
AB  - Indirect immunohistochemical studies of frozen mouse tissues with mouse
      monoclonal antibodies yield, in general, suboptimal results primarily because of
      indiscriminate binding of secondary antibody to all mouse immunoglobulins, i.e.,
      to the monoclonal reagent and to endogenous immunoglobulin nonspecifically
      trapped in the tissue. To reduce this nonspecific staining, frozen sections of
      mouse kidney were treated enzymatically. Optimal results were obtained following
      a 2 hr treatment with 20 mg/ml of mixed glycosidases (MG). This treatment reduced
      the nonspecific background staining of the interstitial spaces and blood vessels,
      but did not affect the reactivity of structurally bound immunoglobulin G (IgG) in
      the glomeruli or alter the reactivity of mouse renal tissue to the monoclonal
      antibody that recognizes an oligosaccharide antigenic determinant (SSEA-1).
      Eluates from enzyme-treated frozen tissue sections contained normally
      immunoreactive IgG in the form of dimers. These data indicate that MG treatment
      of frozen sections could be safely used to reduce the content of nonstructurally
      bound immunoglobulins in frozen tissues and thus improve the visualization of
      specific monoclonal antibody binding.

PMID- 3891845
TI  - Aluminon: its limited application as a reagent for the detection of aluminum
      species.
AB  - The triammonium salt of aurin tricarboxylic acid, commonly referred to as
      aluminon, forms a dye that has been used for the colorimetric determination of
      Al(III) species. We have reviewed the pertinent literature on the reaction of
      aluminon with respect to the metallic species that form colored aluminon
      complexes. The effects of experimental variables, such as time, temperature, and
      pH, upon the color development of the aluminon complex are also presented.
      Organic and inorganic species, particularly Be(II) and Fe(III), which can affect
      color formation, are described. The use of aluminon as a histochemical staining
      agent for the detection of aluminum requires verification by atomic absorption
      spectrophotometric analysis or other quantitative techniques.

PMID- 3891846
TI  - Rapid and automated detection of salmonella by electrical measurements.
AB  - A rapid method for determining the presence of salmonella in food is described.
      It consists of pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water modified by the addition
      of dulcitol and trimethylamine oxide, followed by selective enrichment in a
      selenite-cystine broth with similar modifications. Changes in the conductance of
      the selective enrichment broth are monitored continuously using a suitable
      impediometric instrument. Most of the Salmonella spp. tested gave a fast
      (approximately 100 microS/h) and large (greater than 600 microS) change in
      conductance, other enteric bacteria much less or no change. The assay is usually
      complete within 24 h. Samples of foodstuffs, naturally and artificially
      contaminated with Salmonella spp., were all correctly classified. Some strains of
      Citrobacter freundii produced a false positive conductance response, and they
      could not be selectively eliminated using antibiotics or cyanide. The conductance
      method is simple and easy to use, gives rapid results and involves less media and
      subculturing than is required for traditional methods.

PMID- 3891847
TI  - The generation time, lag time, and minimum temperature of growth of coliform
      organisms on meat, and the implications for codes of practice in abattoirs.
AB  - The growth of coliform organisms on meat tissue from sheep carcasses processed in
      a commercial abattoir was investigated. The results indicated that for practical
      purposes the minimum temperature of growth of these organisms on meat may be
      taken as 8 degrees C. Equations were derived relating the generation time and the
      lag time of coliform organisms in raw blended mutton to the temperature at which
      the meat is held. Estimates of growth obtained with these equations were found to
      agree closely with the experimental results, especially at temperatures above 10
      degrees C, and allowed the generation times and the lag times for all
      temperatures up to 40 degrees C to be calculated. These times were also found to
      agree closely with the times determined using a strain of Escherichia coli
      inoculated into blended mutton tissue. A strain of Salmonella typhimurium
      inoculated in the same way into blended mutton tissue gave longer generation and
      lag times at temperatures below 15 degrees C. Therefore, it is believed that the
      calculated tables of lag and generation times included in this paper can be used
      to determine the length of time raw chilled meat may be held afterwards at
      temperatures above the minimum temperature of growth without an increase in the
      number of any salmonella organisms present, and these times include a safety
      margin at each temperature. The study indicates that the mandatory codes of
      practice presently applied in commercial abattoirs are too stringent. Maintaining
      the temperature of boning rooms at 10 degrees C or less does not appear to be
      necessary providing the meat is processed within the calculated time limits. A
      relaxation of the restrictions on boning room temperatures would decrease costs,
      increase worker comfort and safety and would not compromise the bacteriological
      safety of the meat produced.

PMID- 3891848
TI  - Salmonellae in sewage sludge and abattoir effluent in south-east Scotland.
AB  - A survey into the prevalence of salmonella organisms in sewage in the Borders
      Region of South-east Scotland is described. A total of 317 isolates representing
      34 different serotypes were made, of which only 5 serotypes appeared in animals,
      supporting the view that the spreading of sewage sludge on to pastureland
      presents little risk to livestock provided the recommended guidelines are
      followed. Nevertheless, Salmonella typhimurium phage type 12, identified in
      sewage, was also recovered from animals in incidents on 11 farms, including 4
      which had received sludge from this source. A further 48 isolates (13 serotypes)
      were obtained from the parallel monitoring of abattoir effluents, indicating that
      the background level of salmonella infection in the animal population appears to
      be low in comparison to that in humans.

PMID- 3891849
TI  - The development of bacterial flora of premature neonates.
AB  - The sequential acquisition of bacterial flora by premature neonates was studied
      during a 10 month period. Mean gestational age of the babies was 29.01 weeks and
      the mean birth weight was 1.728 kg. Escherichia coli and group B streptococci
      (GBS) colonized the umbilicus of 7 and 6 babies respectively, out of 23 studied,
      on the first day of life. E. coli and staphylococci were the predominant flora on
      the 6th day and they colonized 12 and 13 respectively. The oral flora was
      predominantly Gram-positive cocci, mainly Streptococcus salivarius which was
      isolated from 17 out of 22 babies on the 6th day, viridans streptococci were
      isolated from 14 babies, Staphylococcus albus from 16 babies and group D
      streptococci from 11 babies. Candida spp. also colonized the oral cavities of 17
      out of 22 babies on the 6th day. At the end of the first week of life, the faecal
      flora was predominantly anaerobic represented by Bifidobacterium spp.,
      Bacteroides spp. and Clostridium spp. The commonest facultative faecal flora were
      E. coli, which was isolated from all the babies, and Strept. faecalis isolated
      from 20 babies. Early gut colonization by GBS, Bacteroides spp. and Clostridium
      spp. was noticed in more babies delivered vaginally than by caesarean section
      where colonization by these bacteria was relatively delayed. The use of
      prophylactic penicillin plus gentamicin in the special neonatal unit probably
      prevented systemic spread of any of the potential opportunistic pathogens during
      the study.

PMID- 3891850
TI  - The microbiology of cooked prawns and shrimps on retail sale.
AB  - In an inter-laboratory survey, 148 samples of cooked prawns and shrimps were
      obtained at the point of sale to the consumer. Salmonellae and Vibrio
      parahaemolyticus were not detected. Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated from
      three samples. Results for total viable count and presence of Escherichia coli
      and Staphylococcus aureus complied well with available guidelines for imported
      cooked prawns, suggesting that the risk of food poisoning from retail samples of
      these foods in the South of England is minimal.

PMID- 3891851
TI  - Systemic immunologic stimuli increase class I and II antigen expression in mouse
      kidney.
AB  - The effect of systemic immunologic stimulation on renal expression of the H-2K
      (class I) and Ia (class II) antigens of the mouse major histocompatibility
      complex was explored. We previously reported that graft-vs-host (GvH) disease in
      mice caused an increase in host renal Ia expression. In the present experiments,
      we demonstrated that Kk antigen expression also increased during GvH. Other
      immune stimuli (allogeneic tumor grafts or injections of allogeneic spleen cells)
      caused increased renal Ia (and, where studied, Kk) expression in the epithelium
      of some renal tubules, as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) or
      immunoperoxidase (IIP) staining. The normal interstitial Ia staining was
      frequently diminished in the kidneys of mice given these stimuli. At least in the
      case of allogeneic tumor grafts, the changes in renal Ia and H-2K were dependent
      on host T cells, in that no similar change appeared in nude (nu/nu) mice bearing
      allogeneic tumor grafts. By histochemical techniques, most of the change was in
      proximal tubules. In semiquantitative absorption, the total renal Ia was usually
      increased (two- to 20-fold) in parallel with the IIF or IIP changes. Serial
      studies revealed that MHC product induction was frequently transient and was not
      associated with detectable histologic abnormalities. In cultured renal cells,
      increased Iak and Kk could be demonstrated by IIF after 4 days of culture in
      supernatants of lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A: the activity in these
      supernatants was probably not interleukin 2, but might have been IFN-gamma,
      because IFN-gamma also induced this change. We conclude that systemic immunologic
      stimuli alter MHC product expression in renal tubule epithelium and that this
      effect can be stimulated in vitro by supernatants of stimulated lymphocytes.

PMID- 3891852
TI  - Long-term culture of human bone marrow macrophages: macrophage development is
      associated with the production of granulomonopoietic enhancing activity (GM-EA).
AB  - We describe a liquid culture system allowing the long-term maintenance and
      differentiation of human marrow monocytes into well-developed, lipid-containing
      macrophages, and we show that these cells produce a regulating activity that
      enhances the colony formation induced by granulocyte-macrophage colony
      stimulating factors (GM-CSF). Adherent, low density (less than 1.074 g/cm3) human
      marrow cells were used as a source of monocytic cells. Of 12 different culture
      conditions tested, alpha-medium supplemented with 20% horse serum and incubation
      at 37 degrees C provided the best conditions for macrophage development,
      adipogenesis, and long-term culture. Neither insulin (1 to 10 micrograms/ml) nor
      hydrocortisone (10(-6) M) improved the lipid accumulation in cultures containing
      horse serum. Trypsin was employed to remove fibroblasts without detaching
      monocytic cells from the marrow-derived adherent cell layers. Marked structural
      and functional changes characterized the transformation of monocytes into lipid
      containing macrophages. Cell enlargement up to seven or eight times by 21 to 28
      days of culture was associated with an increase in small and medium-sized lipid
      granules, as well as in acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase activities.
      Ultrastructurally, there was an increase in the number of mitochondria, Golgi
      apparatus, lysosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and lipid inclusions, which
      remained of small size and did not coalesce to form larger inclusions. The
      absolute quantity of Fc receptors, Ia antigens, and antigens recognized by
      monoclonal antibodies 61D3 and 63D3 also increased as a function of cell size. As
      marrow monocyte-macrophage differentiation proceeded, a rapid decline in GM-CSF
      production was accompanied by an increase in an activity that by itself had no
      capacity to stimulate colony formation in CFU-GM cultures devoid of GM-CSF, but
      did enhance the colony formation induced by optimal concentrations of GM-CSF.
      Neither the enhancing activity nor its production was related to the horse serum
      present in the culture supernatants. The morphology of colonies enhanced by this
      activity was different from the morphologic spectrum in non-enhanced cultures.
      This granulomonopoietic enhancing activity (GM-EA) represents another positive
      feedback regulator of hematopoiesis derived from cells of the monocyte-macrophage
      system.

PMID- 3891853
TI  - IgE responses in human filariasis. III. Specificities of IgE and IgG antibodies
      compared by immunoblot analysis.
AB  - IgE and IgG immune responses were qualitatively characterized in three well
      defined groups of patients with different clinical manifestations of lymphatic
      filariasis caused by infection with Wuchereria bancrofti; viz. tropical pulmonary
      eosinophilia (TPE), chronic lymphatic obstruction with elephantiasis (CP), and
      asymptomatic microfilaremia (MF). A complex filarial antigen preparation
      extracted from adult filarial parasites was separated on SDS-polyacrylamide gels,
      and was electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose paper before being
      incubated with individual sera and being probed with radiolabeled anti-IgE or
      protein A. Three clinical groups of patients showed distinct patterns of antigen
      recognition by both IgE and IgG antibodies, with TPE patients showing the most
      diverse patterns and microfilaremic individuals the most restricted responses for
      both antibody isotypes. "Dual recognition" of antigens by IgE and IgG antibodies
      seemed to be the rule rather than the exception for each individual's immune
      response to the parasite antigens, but the relative magnitudes of IgG and IgE
      responses differed among the three groups. The ratio of IgG to IgE antibody was
      generally greater in patients with MF and CP than in those with TPE. These
      findings of the comparative specificities and relative abundance of IgE and IgG
      antibodies in infected patients may have fundamental importance in explaining the
      clinical expression (especially allergic reactivity) and disease pathogenesis of
      human filarial infections.

PMID- 3891854
TI  - Systemic administration of recombinant interleukin 2 stimulates in vivo lymphoid
      cell proliferation in tissues.
AB  - Recent work in our laboratory has demonstrated that the repeated injections of
      high doses of recombinant interleukin 2 (IL 2) can dramatically reduce the number
      of established pulmonary and hepatic metastases and the growth of intradermal
      tumors in a variety of murine tumor models. We have thus undertaken studies to
      define the mechanisms underlying these in vivo effects of IL 2. Using an in vivo
      DNA-labeling technique in which we employed 5-[125I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine
      (125IUdR), we examined the in vivo cell proliferation in the tissues of mice
      treated with IL 2. A proliferation index (PI) was calculated by dividing the raw
      counts per minute (cpm) of tissues in IL 2-treated mice by the cpm in
      corresponding tissues of control animals. At an IL 2 dose of 6000 U given i.p.
      three times a day, the highest 125IUdR incorporation was seen in the lungs,
      liver, spleen, kidneys, and mesenteric lymph nodes (PI = 6.9, 6.9, 5.1, 7.1,
      24.6, respectively, at 5 days). The amount of lymphoid proliferation in these
      organs was a direct function of the dose of IL 2 administered. Other tissues
      including thymus, intestines, skin, and hind limb showed no significant increase
      in 125IUdR uptake even after host treatment with the highest doses of IL 2. Blood
      and brain demonstrated intermediate incorporation of the radiolabel.
      Preirradiation of the host largely eliminated the proliferative response to IL 2.
      Histologic studies of normal and irradiated mice receiving IL 2 corroborated the
      result of the 125IUdR findings. In normal IL 2-treated mice, large collections of
      activated lymphoid cells were seen, most prominently in the lungs, liver, and
      kidneys, whereas markedly decreased lymphoid proliferation was evident
      histologically in preirradiated mice. A fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibody
      directed against the Thy-1.2 surface determinant was used to identify these
      dividing cells in frozen tissue sections as T lymphoid cells. Activated
      lymphocytes isolated from the lungs, liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes of
      IL 2-treated mice demonstrated significant lysis of a fresh murine sarcoma target
      in short-term 51Cr-release assays. These studies demonstrate that the systemic
      administration of recombinant IL 2 causes in vivo activation and proliferation of
      host lymphoid cells and has important implications for the adoptive immunotherapy
      of tumors.

PMID- 3891855
TI  - A serum-derived molecule from autoimmune viable motheaten mice potentiates the
      action of a B cell maturation factor.

PMID- 3891856
TI  - A correlation between conditioning and engraftment in recipients of MHC
      mismatched T cell-depleted murine bone marrow transplants.
AB  - We studied engraftment in a murine model of allogeneic bone marrow (BM)
      transplantation. Recipient C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice were conditioned with single-dose
      (9 or 7.5 Gy) total body irradiation (TBI), fractionated (4 X 3.3 Gy) TBI,
      hyperfractionated (8 X 1.65 Gy) TBI, 2 X 120 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CY) followed
      by 7.5 Gy TBI, or 300 mg/kg CY followed by 9 Gy total lymphoid irradiation (TLI).
      Conditioned mice were transplanted with BALB/c (H-2d) BM supplemented with
      splenocytes (BMS) to facilitate graft-vs-host disease (GVHD). Ex vivo T cell
      depletion of the BMS with anti-Thy-1.2 antibody and complement protected
      recipients from lethal GVHD. Engraftment was measured in transplanted animals by
      serotyping peripheral blood mononuclear cells with anti-H-2-specific antibodies
      and complement. Mice that were given a T cell-depleted BMS transplant after
      conditioning with 9 Gy TBI, fractionated TBI, or CY plus TBI showed a 99 to 100%
      incidence of engraftment. However, if the T cell-depleted graft was given to mice
      conditioned with hyperfractionated TBI, 7.5 Gy TBI, or CY plus TLI, only 3 to 32%
      of the animals engrafted. BM which was not T cell-depleted engrafted in 63 to
      100% of the mice regardless of the conditioning used. Nonengrafted mice tested
      with anti-host type antibody demonstrated autologous recovery. We conclude that
      engraftment or failure/rejection of BM in transplanted mice is determined in part
      by a dynamic equilibrium between T cells present in the donor graft and the
      surviving hemopoietic cells in the conditioned recipient. More intensive
      conditioning of the recipient allows engraftment of T cell-depleted, mismatched
      BMS. Such conditioning is not limited to a single modality, but can be achieved
      with single-dose TBI, fractionated TBI, or with TBI combined with CY. These
      findings have timely and important implications for the current understanding of
      engraftment in human allogeneic BM transplantation following T cell depletion.

PMID- 3891857
TI  - Insulin and growth hormone function as minor growth factors that potentiate
      lymphocyte activation.
AB  - The small resting lymphocyte is devoid of cell surface receptors for endocrine
      peptides such as insulin and growth hormone. During the process of activating
      these cells by either specific antigen or mitogenic agents the lymphocyte has
      been shown to display receptors for insulin. The present paper reviews work that
      indicates a functional role for both insulin and growth hormone during the
      process of lymphocyte activation. The results of these studies point to
      potentially important interactions between the immune and neuroendocrine systems
      and are discussed in terms of endocrine peptides playing a supportive role during
      the complex series of events that occur during lymphocyte activation.

PMID- 3891858
TI  - A simple, rapid, reliable reverse haemolytic plaque assay and positive quality
      control test for routine use.
AB  - A simple, rapid, reliable protein A reverse haemolytic plaque assay is described.
      Monolayers of protein A-coupled sheep red blood cells, in liquid medium, are
      formed in shallow 15 mm diameter chambers of the type commercially available for
      leucocyte migration inhibition assays. No agarose is necessary and the chambers
      are quick and easy to use, economical of reagents, and of a constant size and
      volume. Results compare favourably with those obtained using Cunningham chambers.
      The assay is ideal for clinical studies in which large numbers of samples are
      assayed daily. A positive quality control test for the protein A reverse
      hemolytic plaque assays is described. Spleen cells are stimulated with pokeweed
      mitogen to give high numbers of secreting cells. The cells are harvested on day 6
      of culture and stored in aliquots at -70 degrees C. When thawed and tested in the
      protein A assay, these secreting cells form a sensitive and reproducible monitor
      of the day-to-day performance of the assay. Variation between operators and
      between batches of reagents may also be checked if desired, with little
      additional time, effort or expense.

PMID- 3891859
TI  - A diazonium reagent which will introduce maleimide groups into proteins and
      peptides.

PMID- 3891860
TI  - MicroELISA method for measurement of human serum thymosin alpha 1.
AB  - A microELISA for the estimation of human serum thymosin alpha 1 is described. In
      this assay, antibody to thymosin alpha 1 is pre-incubated with the standard or
      serum at 4 degrees C. Unbound antibody in the liquid-phase then binds with solid
      phase thymosin alpha 1. The method is sufficiently sensitive for measuring serum
      levels of thymosin alpha 1 and highly reproducible. The serum levels measured
      with the microELISA are comparable to serum levels of thymosin alpha 1 determined
      by the previously described radioimmunoassay for thymosin alpha 1.

PMID- 3891861
TI  - An ELISA method for the detection of autoantibodies to adrenal cortex.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described for autoantibodies to
      adrenal cortex. Microsomes were prepared from fresh human adrenal glands, and
      microtitre ELISA plates were incubated at 4 degrees C overnight with 25
      micrograms antigen/ml, the optimal concentration for the system. Optimal dilution
      of patient's serum was 1/500. Peroxidase-labelled anti-human IgG and IgM sera
      were used in separate tests and o-phenylenediamine and H2O2 served as substrate.
      Intra-assay variance of optical density units was 4.5%, and inter-assay variance
      was negligible when antigen preparations from 2 different adrenal glands were
      compared. All sera positive or negative at first test gave the same qualitative
      result in a second. Non-organ-specific binding of sera containing mitochondrial
      or ribosomal antibodies was eliminated by a blocking ELISA system where the
      antigen-coated plates were incubated with test sera, and in a second step,
      peroxidase-labelled IgG from an adrenal antibody-positive control serum was
      added. In this test, optimal antigen concentration for coating of plates was 6.25
      micrograms/ml and optimal serum dilution 1/50. The ELISA proved more sensitive
      and reproducible than indirect immunofluorescence. Adrenal antibodies detected by
      ELISA were usually of IgG class alone and only 1 of the 30 positives also
      contained IgM specificity. 30 out of 38 sera (79%) from patients with
      'idiopathic' Addison's disease were positive whereas immunofluorescence revealed
      only 23 (61%) at first testing and another 4 positives when sera were tested on
      different adrenal glands. The ELISA described is useful for both scientific work
      and clinical diagnosis of autoimmune adrenalitis.

PMID- 3891862
TI  - Passive immunization: a method of enhancing the immune response against antigen
      mixtures.
AB  - Antigenic competition is known to be a widespread phenomenon when using crude
      extracts of antigens (e.g., Escherichia coli cytoplasmic proteins) for
      immunization. This non-specific form of immune suppression can be partially
      overcome by passive immunization with antibodies against dominant antigens (which
      are the suppressive molecules) before injection of the antigenic mixture.
      Blocking these immunodominant antigens or antigenic determinants by a passively
      administered antibody permits antibody responses against hitherto weakly or non
      immunogenic molecules.

PMID- 3891863
TI  - Interference of lysozyme in the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA).
AB  - Lysozyme can cause unreliable results in sandwich ELISA procedures, since it
      strongly associates with proteins with low isoelectric points. As immunoglobulins
      have an isoelectric point of about 5, lysozyme may form a bridge between the IgG
      in the coat and the IgG of the enzyme-labeled antibodies. For reliable ELISA
      results, it is necessary either to remove lysozyme from samples or to mask it.
      Both Cu2+ ions and ovalbumin were very effective in masking lysozyme and thus
      avoiding its linkage to immunoglobulins. Ovalbumin was not always as effective as
      Cu2+ ions because in test samples other proteins with high isoelectric points may
      be present which may compete with lysozyme for association with ovalbumin.

PMID- 3891864
TI  - Detection of autoantigens by immunoblotting using a peroxidase-anti-peroxidase
      complex.
AB  - An immunoblotting procedure using a peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) complex was
      developed for the detection of autoantigens in crude mixtures by human autoimmune
      sera. Thymus proteins were transferred to a nitrocellulose sheet after
      electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels and probed with a 1:100 dilution of serum.
      The location and extent of immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding was determined by
      sequential reaction with: rabbit anti-human IgG, goat anti-rabbit IgG and rabbit
      peroxidase-anti-peroxidase complex. The peroxidase was allowed to react with
      chloronaphthol and low levels of autoantigen/autoantibody complex were detectable
      with virtual absence of background colour. The inclusion of human IgG and its
      pepsin-generated fragment provided a means of controlling and calibrating the
      blotting procedure.

PMID- 3891865
TI  - The use of a monosaccharide linkage group in a heterologous solid-phase enzyme
      immunoassay for phenytoin.
AB  - The preparation is described of monosaccharide-hapten derivatives containing a
      galactosyl linkage group which bears little structural resemblance to the
      straight-chain hydrocarbons commonly used for attaching haptens to proteins for
      use as immunogens. These derivatives are readily synthesised and are coupled to
      enzymes under mild conditions to produce bridge-heterologous enzyme immunoassays.
      The use of beta-galactosidase-monosaccharide-phenytoin derivatives in the
      development of sensitive phenytoin enzyme immunoassays is described and the
      assays are compared with hapten-heterologous, site-heterologous and homologous
      phenytoin enzyme immunoassays prepared using other phenytoin derivatives. This
      technique has application in the development of immunoassays for haptens which
      have only one functional group to which linkage groups can be attached for
      covalent coupling of the hapten to proteins.

PMID- 3891866
TI  - Immunosuppressive agents and plasmapheresis in immunological disorders.
AB  - Plasmapheresis (PA) was introduced in the treatment of immunologically mediated
      disease at the beginning of last decade and it was initially claimed to be the
      panacea for several diseases. It was quickly realized that PA on its own did not
      have a sustained therapeutic effect and it was the immunosuppressive drugs which
      could help in the maintenance of an established effect. In this communication we
      review the immunoregulatory effects of several immunosuppressive agents and
      discuss their role when used in conjunction with PA primarily in the treatment of
      rheumatological disorders.

PMID- 3891867
TI  - A large scale method of separating multiple lymphokines secreted by the murine EL
      4 thymoma.
AB  - The in vivo administration of lymphokines is a new approach to immunotherapy with
      possible applications to the treatment of tumors and infectious processes. These
      lymphokines are produced in very small quantities and purification of these
      molecules has proven difficult. A rapid two step method was used to isolate
      different lymphokines from large quantities of conditioned media produced by the
      murine EL-4 cell line. Interleukin-2 (IL-2), colony stimulating factor (CSF) and
      macrophage activating factor (MAF) are lymphokines with distinct biologic
      activities and are secreted by the EL-4 cell line. Their isolation involved
      initial batch purification on trimethylsilyl-controlled pore glass beads followed
      by reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography. Recovery of IL-2 activity
      was greater than 100% of initial activity. The specific activity of the purified
      IL-2 ranged from 2 X 10(6) to 3.6 X 10(7) U/mg protein. Colony stimulating factor
      (CSF) and macrophage activating factor (MAF) were also separated on the
      chromatographic columns. This technique is useful for the purification of large
      quantities of these lymphokines which have potential in vivo applications.

PMID- 3891868
TI  - The effect of TP-5 and its analogs on skin grafts in mice.
AB  - The immunostimulatory action of oligopeptides RGH-0205 (Arg-Lys-Asp), RGH-0206
      (Arg-Lys-Asp-Val) and TP-5 (Arg-Lys-Asp-Val-Try) was measured using the B10LP to
      C57BL skin graft system and the determination of splenic T cell ratio. While
      thymectomy increased the period between skin grafting and rejection, each of the
      oligopeptides increased the number of splenic T cells and in some extent restored
      the rejection capacity of thymectomised C57Bl mice, presumably by restoration of
      thymic hormone function.

PMID- 3891869
TI  - Bacteraemia at the University Hospital of the West Indies--a report of 222 cases.
AB  - A total of 222 cases of septicaemia was recorded at the University Hospital of
      the West Indies between June 1982 and June 1983. This gave an overall incidence
      of 16.1 per 1000 admissions. The 233 bacterial strains isolated comprised 100
      Gram-positive and 133 Gram-negative organisms with Klebsiella pneumoniae,
      Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus being the most frequent.
      Highest rates of septicaemia were recorded in patients less than 1 year and over
      50 years of age. Septicaemia caused by Gram-positive organisms was predominantly
      a disease of children whereas that caused by Gram-negative organisms arose more
      often in neonates and in patients over 50 years of age. A predisposing factor was
      noted in 104 patients of whom 42 had neoplastic disease. The most frequently
      identified initial sites of infection were the respiratory tract, the gastro
      intestinal tract and the meninges. Most blood stream infections were community
      acquired, three quarters of all septicaemic patients being admitted to the
      departments of medicine or paediatrics. There were 11 cases of polymicrobial
      septicaemia caused predominantly by Gram-negative organisms in patients with
      underlying disease. Appropriate antimicrobial drugs were administered to 57% of
      septicaemic patients whereas 17% received superfluous antimicrobial therapy. In
      those patients who received inappropriate antimicrobial therapy there was a
      marked increase in mortality. Forty of 61 deaths were attributed to septicaemia.
      Mortality from septicaemia caused by Gram-negative organisms was 21% compared
      with 13% for that caused by Gram-positive organisms. The organisms associated
      with the highest case fatality rates were Escherichia coli, 53%; Enterobacter
      sp., 27%; and beta-haemolytic streptococci 24%. There were no deaths from
      septicaemia caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella sp. or Serratia sp. The
      highest mortality rates were associated with neoplastic disease, diabetes,
      polymicrobial septicaemia, urinary tract infections and old age.

PMID- 3891870
TI  - Contamination of intravenous fluid with Sporothrix schenckii.
AB  - Fungi are known to contaminate intravenous (IV) solutions, particularly when
      there is a defect in the bottle or bag. On occasion several millilitres of such
      solutions have been infused into patients before the recognition of clumps in the
      fluid led to termination of the infusion. We wish to report the case of a patient
      accidentally infused with 100 ml of a solution that on subsequent culture yielded
      both Penicillium species, a previously recorded contaminant, and Sporothrix
      schenckii, a recognised pathogen. To our knowledge, this is the first report of
      an IV solution contaminated with S. schenckii.

PMID- 3891871
TI  - Prevention and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infections.

PMID- 3891872
TI  - [Endocavitary echography in urology. Instrumentation (Bruel and Kjaer) and
      diagnostic contributions].

PMID- 3891873
TI  - [4 years' experience with the use of the Aloka URO 500 ultrasonic system].
AB  - In order to help those colleagues concerned by the choice of an echographic
      system, as there are enough suppliers there to keep them comparing for years, we
      share our experience with the URO 500 Aloka system. The technical elements of the
      system are dissected. The "urologic" environment, facilities and staff, where the
      ultrasound takes place has also to be considered with attention: the quality of
      the services provided by the US depends much upon your match of the system's
      integration. Advantages and disadvantages are analysed within this double
      relation, to the technical "hard" on one side, to the "urological environment" on
      the other side. Both aspects have to be considered, in order to make up your
      mind.

PMID- 3891874
TI  - The role of epidermal cells in the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to
      alloantigens.
AB  - Recent studies suggest that skin graft rejection and delayed-type
      hypersensitivity (DTH) are different manifestations of the same mechanism. In
      order to investigate the alloantigenicity of epidermal cells and epidermal
      Langerhans cells (LC), we used epidermal cell suspensions; experiments were
      performed to try to induce DTH to alloantigens by the subcutaneous administration
      of epidermal cells. Our study establishes the precise conditions for the
      induction of DTH response to alloantigens using epidermal cells. Transfer
      experiments have shown that effector cells were Thy-1+, Lyt-1+, and Lyt-2-cells.
      Furthermore, the experiments using congenic strains of mice and grafted skin
      revealed the contribution of gene products coded by MHC and non-MHC, and also the
      epidermal LC in the induction of DTH response.

PMID- 3891875
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies selected to discriminate between malignant melanomas and
      nevocellular nevi.
AB  - Two monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), PAL-M1 and PAL-M2, are described that were
      selected to discriminate between melanomas and nevocellular nevi (NN) in frozen
      sections. MoAb PAL-M1 reacted with all 15 melanoma metastases (MM), with 14 of 19
      primary cutaneous melanomas (PCM), 9 of 35 dysplastic nevi (DN), and 2 of 26 NN.
      The 2 NN stained were removed from patients with the dysplastic nevus syndrome.
      MoAb PAL-M2 reacted with 9 of 15 MM, 5 of 19 PCM, 3 of 35 DN, and did not react
      with 26 NN after usual staining conditions. The proportion of melanocytic cells
      stained was low in DN and much higher in PCM and especially in MM. Staining in DN
      was restricted to intraepidermal or subepidermal nests of atypical melanocytes.
      In PCM, staining with PAL-M2 was observed only in tumors with a Breslow thickness
      of 0.76 mm or higher. PAL-M1 and PAL-M2 may be immunohistochemical markers for
      tumor progression in melanocytic proliferations.

PMID- 3891876
TI  - Epidermolysis bullosa: variability of expression of cicatricial pemphigoid,
      bullous pemphigoid, and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita antigens in clinically
      uninvolved skin.
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence was performed on skin from 13 patients with
      epidermolysis bullosa (EB) (simplex, 6; junctional, 2; dystrophic, 5) to compare
      the expression of 3 basement membrane components, bullous pemphigoid (BP)
      antigen, cicatricial pemphigoid (CP) antigen, and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
      (EBA) antigen, in clinically uninvolved tissue. In addition, expression of
      laminin, type IV collagen, and KF-1 antigen was also evaluated. Whereas laminin,
      type IV collagen, and KF-1 antigen were each detectable in EB skin in a manner
      identical to that previously reported, marked variability was noted in the
      expression of BP, CP, and EBA antigens. However, no correlation was noted
      comparing lack of expression of any one of these latter antigens with either of
      the remaining two. Of these 3 antigens, BP antigen was the least often
      detectable, particularly in skin from patients with EB simplex. The lack of
      detectable BP antigen in EB simplex skin appeared to correlate with more
      extensive disease involvement and/or younger patient age. These findings may,
      therefore, limit the usefulness of BP serum in immunofluorescence mapping.
      Additionally, the disparity in expression of basement membrane antigens defined
      by BP and CP sera suggests that BP antigen and CP antigen are distinct entities.

PMID- 3891877
TI  - Secretion of type IV collagen by keratinocytes of human adult.
AB  - Secretion of type IV collagen by keratinocytes was studied by anti-type IV
      collagen immunoglobulin in pure keratinocyte culture of the human adult. The
      cultivated keratinocytes secreted type IV collagen into the space between the
      cell growth and the underlying fixed film of human skin collagen type I. The
      secreted collagen was accumulated on the cell surface to form junction
      structures.

PMID- 3891878
TI  - Human cutaneous graft-versus-host disease.
AB  - The natural history of human cutaneous graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has been
      described as a consequence of allogeneic bone-marrow transplants, but syngeneic
      and even autologous marrow transplants are now being recognized as being
      associated with similar, albeit less severe, changes. The histopathologic changes
      of both acute and chronic GVHD have been reported and show similarities to other
      idiopathic cutaneous disorders. The T-lymphocyte, specifically an OKT8+ cell,
      seems to play a major role in the pathogenesis of cutaneous GVHD. A recently
      described in vitro model of human cutaneous GVHD using skin explants co-cultured
      with lymphocytes holds some promise as a technique to further explore lymphocyte
      skin interactions.

PMID- 3891879
TI  - A study of human serum sickness.
AB  - Twelve patients with bone marrow failure, who were undergoing therapy with daily
      intravenous infusions of horse antithymocyte globulin, were studied for the
      development of serum sickness. Eleven of 12 patients developed typical signs and
      symptoms of serum sickness 8-13 days after the initiation of treatment. These
      included fever, malaise, cutaneous eruptions, arthralgias, gastrointestinal
      disturbances, and lymphadenopathy. Eleven of 12 patients developed high levels of
      circulating immune complexes during serum sickness. All 12 patients also had
      concomitant decreases of serum C3 and C4 levels. In addition to urticarial and/or
      morbilliform eruptions, 8 of 11 patients also developed a serpiginous band of
      erythema along the sides of the fingers, hands, toes, or feet as an early
      cutaneous sign of serum sickness. Direct immunofluorescence of lesional skin
      biopsies during serum sickness revealed deposits of immunoglobulin or complement
      in the walls of small cutaneous blood vessels in 3 of 5 patients. These findings
      indicate that circulating immune complexes play a central role in the
      pathophysiology of human sickness.

PMID- 3891880
TI  - Regulation by the skin of lymphoid cell recirculation and localization
      properties.
AB  - The existence of epidermal Langerhans cells, Ia-positive dermal dendritic cells,
      lymphocytes which can demonstrate epidermitropism, and keratinocytes capable of
      secreting Interleukin-1-like molecules, each support the concept that skin can
      function as an immunologic organ. Such conclusions are further strengthened by
      the knowledge that both afferent and efferent immune responses can take place
      exclusively within the skin. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the ability
      of skin to regulate lymphoid cell recirculation and localization properties. The
      use of ultraviolet radiation as an exogenous stimulus resulted in a pronounced
      redistribution of antigen-presenting cells from central (spleen) to peripheral
      (skin and lymph node) lymphoid tissues as well as marked increase in the rate of
      lymphocyte entry into skin draining lymph nodes. This latter condition was due to
      elevations in the quantitative levels of high endothelial venules present within
      the peripheral lymph nodes. The ability of epidermal keratinocytes to express
      Class II molecules is known to be associated with a number of skin diseases.
      However, the functional significance of this phenomenon is unknown. The results
      of our studies, employing a nude mouse model, indicate that the expression of
      Class II molecules by keratinocytes facilitates the movement of Langerhans cell
      precursors into the epidermis and may also function to enhance lymphocyte entry
      into the skin. We conclude that nonlymphoid components resident within the skin
      can influence essential aspects of the adaptive immune response through the
      production of soluble factors (e.g., Interleukin-1 or through the cellular
      expression of Class II molecules.

PMID- 3891881
TI  - Complement effector mechanisms in health and disease.
AB  - Complement is an effector system able to mediate a number of biological
      activities in vitro and in vivo. Most familiar is the ability of the system to
      mediate the lytic destruction of numerous kinds of cells and pathogenic organisms
      including bacteria, viruses, and virus-infected cells. In addition, the
      complement system also activates neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, mast cells,
      and lymphocytes to perform specialized functions. While generally considered to
      be confined to the effector side of immune reactions, recent evidence indicates
      that the complement system also directly recognizes and is triggered by a number
      of bacteria and viruses as well as virus-infected cells in the absence of
      antibody. In such reactions, complement fulfills the recognition role normally
      associated with the antibody molecule or immune lymphocyte. The complement system
      may thus also function as a natural surveillance system operative prior to the
      induction of specific immunity. Involvement of the complement system in
      biological reactions has been ascertained by several techniques over the years.
      These include quantitation of individual complement components in human sera and
      demonstration of complement deposition in diseased tissues in human diseases and
      in experimental diseases in animals. Such techniques, however, have limitations
      in specificity and sensitivity. Assays which detect specific features of the
      complement activation process have become available in recent years. These tests
      detect the physical, chemical, or antigenic changes characteristic of the
      complement activation process. These assays are extremely specific and
      quantitative; furthermore, most are usable with samples from patients. Three
      general approaches have been utilized to develop such specific quantitative
      assays for complement activation. The first includes assays which quantitate
      activation-specific limited proteolysis of the complement components. The second
      type of assay includes tests which detect and quantitate new antigens or other
      activation-specific antigenic changes. The third category is represented by
      assays which detect and quantitate the protein-protein complexes characteristic
      of the activation process. Examples of tests presenting each of these approaches
      are given.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3891882
TI  - The killer molecule of complement.
AB  - Cell injury by complement occurs as a consequence of activation of either the
      classical or the alternative pathway on the surface of a cell. It is accomplished
      by the membrane attack complex (MAC). Its precursor proteins, C5, C6, C7, C8, and
      C9, are hydrophilic glycoproteins with Mr ranging from 70,000-180,000. When C5 is
      cleaved by the serine protease C5 convertase which covalently attaches to target
      cells, nascent C5b is produced and forms together with C6 a soluble and stable
      bimolecular complex (C5b,6). Upon binding of C5b,6 to C7 a trimolecular complex
      (C5b-7) is formed which expresses a metastable membrane-binding site. Membrane
      bound C5b-7 constitutes the receptor for C8 and the tetramolecular C5b-8 complex
      binds and polymerizes C9. During the assembly process the proteins undergo
      hydrophilic-amphiphilic transition and the end product consists of C5b-8 (Mr
      approximately 550,000) and of tubular poly C9 (Mr approximately 1,100,000). The
      functional channel size varies but its maximal diameter is approximately 100 A.
      C9 polymerization appears to involve initial reversible association of several C9
      molecules which is followed by temperature-dependent, constrained unfolding.
      Unfolded C9 monomers then associate laterally with each other and polymerization
      terminates with closure of the circular structure which consists of 12-18 C9
      monomers. Amino acid composition and sequence indicate that the N-terminal half
      of the single chain C9 molecule is hydrophilic and the C-terminal half rather
      hydrophobic. Phospholipid-binding and insertion into membranes are functions of
      the C-terminal portion of the molecule. Control of the MAC is exerted by the S
      protein (Mr 80,000) which binds to the forming complex and prevents its
      attachment to the cell membrane. Control is also exerted by certain species
      specific membrane proteins which interfere with C5 convertase and C9 function.

PMID- 3891883
TI  - Immunopathologic mechanisms in pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid.
AB  - Pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid are autoimmune bullous diseases of the skin.
      Pemphigus, an intraepidermal blistering disease, is characterized by
      autoantibodies reactive with antigens located in the intercellular spaces or on
      the surfaces of epidermal cells. These antibodies, which have recently been shown
      to activate complement, appear to be the cause of the basic pathologic process of
      pemphigus, acantholysis. The complement system and the plasminogen-plasmin system
      may be important mediators in the detachment of epidermal cells. Bullous
      pemphigoid, a subepidermal blistering disease, is characterized by autoantibodies
      reactive with an antigen located in the lamina lucida region of the basement
      membrane zone. These autoantibodies, which will avidly fix complement, appear to
      mediate subepidermal separation by attraction of a variety of inflammatory cells.
      Anaphylatoxins, released by activation of C4 and C3, or specific IgE antibodies,
      may activate mast cells with release of ECF-A attracting eosinophils. With
      activation of C5, C5a is released which could attract polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes. Antigen-specific lymphocytes, which can also contribute histamine
      releasing substances, may also be involved. The exact mechanism by which the
      epidermis separates from the dermis in bullous pemphigoid, however, remains
      unresolved.

PMID- 3891884
TI  - Salmonella enteritidis bacteremia in childhood.
AB  - We have reviewed the clinical course of 32 children with Salmonella enteritidis
      bacteremia and compared them with 135 children with acute gastroenteritis caused
      by S. enteritidis at Wyler Children's Hospital over 4.5 years. Analysis of
      symptoms of infection, the initial laboratory evaluation, the initial impression
      of the severity of illness, the clinical course, and the eventual outcome showed
      no differences between children with bacteremia and those with acute
      gastroenteritis, nor did a comparison between older children (one year of age or
      older) and younger children, with either bacteremia or acute gastroenteritis,
      show appreciable differences. We conclude that bacteremia occurring with acute
      gastroenteritis was clinically elusive and more common than previously
      recognized. Furthermore, in the absence of documented risk factors, bacteremia
      occurring with acute gastroenteritis was not associated with any greater
      morbidity than was acute gastroenteritis occurring alone.

PMID- 3891885
TI  - A micromethod for chromosome preparation from individual hematopoietic colonies
      cultured in methylcellulose.
AB  - We report a micromethod for chromosome preparation from individual hematopoietic
      colonies cultured in methylcellulose. The entire process was carried out on poly
      Lysine (PL)-coated slides. Individual colonies were transferred into 10
      microliter of 0.075 M KCl and placed on PL-coated slides. After hypotonic
      treatment of the colony cells and their attachment to the slides, the cells were
      fixed by a three-step procedure as follows: addition of a 30% fixative (3:1
      methanol:acetic acid) diluted with the hypotonic solution, addition of 20%
      ethanol, and subsequent immersion of the slides in a 100% fixative. The slides
      were flame dried and Giemsa stained. Q- and G-banding techniques also were used.
      These procedures provided analyzable chromosome preparations, even from colonies
      containing fewer than 50 cells.

PMID- 3891886
TI  - [Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of lithium dodecyl sulfate.
      Problems and advantages].

PMID- 3891887
TI  - [Protein-induced membrane fusion].

PMID- 3891888
TI  - [Postoperative care in hand surgery].

PMID- 3891889
TI  - [Experimental studies on the healing process of autogenous bone grafts in dogs].

PMID- 3891890
TI  - [Immuno-histochemical study of S-100 protein in the head and neck cells of human
      and rat embryos].

PMID- 3891891
TI  - Effect of alterations in glomerular charge on deposition of cationic and anionic
      antibodies to fixed glomerular antigens in the rat.
AB  - Reduction of the negative charge of the glomerular capillary wall alters its
      charge- and size-selective properties. To investigate the effect of alteration in
      glomerular charge properties on antibody localization, we prepared cationic and
      anionic fractions of antibodies to subepithelial and glomerular basement membrane
      (GBM) antigens, and compared their deposition in normal rats and rats treated
      with protamine sulfate or aminonucleoside of puromycin to reduce capillary wall
      charge. IgG antibodies were eluted from kidneys of rats with active Heymann's
      nephritis (AICN), passive Heymann's nephritis (PHN), or anti-GBM nephritis (NTN),
      separated into cationic and anionic fractions, and radiolabeled with iodine 125
      or iodine 131. Relative antibody content of each fraction was determined by
      incubation with an excess of glomerular antigen. Varying amounts of cationic and
      anionic IgG eluted from kidneys of rats with AICN or PHN were injected into 24
      normal or protamine sulfate-treated rats. Glomerular binding of all antibodies
      was highly correlated with IgG delivery to the kidney. The ratio of cationic to
      anionic antibody deposited in the glomeruli of normal rats after 4 hours was 1.08
      +/- 0.07 for AICN eluate and 0.37 +/- 0.04 for PHN eluate. The ratios were not
      significantly different in animals pretreated with protamine sulfate (1.15 +/-
      0.06 and 0.44 +/- 0.06, respectively; P greater than 0.05). Varying amounts of
      cationic and anionic IgG eluted from kidneys of rats with NTN were injected into
      10 normal rats and four rats treated with aminonucleoside of puromycin.
      Glomerular binding of antibody was again highly correlated with IgG delivery to
      the kidney. The ratio of cationic to anionic antibody deposited in the glomeruli
      of normal rats after 1 hour was 1.03 +/- 0.06, and was not significantly altered
      in rats treated with aminonucleoside of puromycin (1.05 +/- 0.03, P greater than
      0.5). Proteinuria in PHN rats was also unaffected by treatment with protamine
      sulfate for 5 days (controls: 68 +/- 21 mg/day; protamine sulfate-treated: 65 +/-
      14 mg/day; n = 25, P greater than 0.08). These results demonstrate that treatment
      to reduce glomerular polyanion does not significantly alter the ratio of cationic
      to anionic antibodies to fixed glomerular antigens that deposit in the
      glomerulus, or reduce proteinuria caused by deposition of antibody to a fixed
      subepithelial antigen.

PMID- 3891892
TI  - Structural features of endotoxin required for stimulation of endothelial cell
      tissue factor production; exposure of preformed tissue factor after oxidant
      mediated endothelial cell injury.
AB  - Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells synthesize the procoagulant,
      tissue factor, after exposure to bacterial endotoxin. Wild-type
      lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli 0127:B8 stimulates a five- to 20-fold
      increase in cellular tissue factor. Similarly, rough or incomplete
      lipopolysaccharide subunits from mutant bacterial strains, or lipid A prepared by
      mild acid hydrolysis of whole endotoxin, are also stimulatory. In addition, a
      lipid A biosynthetic precursor, consisting of a phosphorylated glucosamine
      disaccharide substituted with four beta-hydroxymyristoyl residues, is stimulatory
      at nanomolar concentrations. Endothelial cell tissue factor is not detectable on
      the surface of undisrupted cells, but can activate clotting on the cell surface
      after oxidant-mediated cell injury. The procoagulant, tissue factor, is
      synthesized by endothelial cells after stimulation mediated by a moiety contained
      within the lipid A region of lipopolysaccharide. Exposure of clotting factors at
      the endothelial cell surface after cell injury suggests a mechanism for the
      microvascular thrombosis associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation
      with sepsis.

PMID- 3891893
TI  - Effect of atmosphere of incubation on the isolation of group A streptococci from
      throat cultures.
AB  - The optimal atmosphere of incubation for the isolation of group A beta-hemolytic
      streptococci from throat cultures has been the subject of considerable debate. To
      resolve this issue, we examined 5992 consecutive throat cultures performed at a
      private pediatric office in children with acute upper respiratory tract
      infections. All throat cultures were streaked onto duplicate blood agar plates,
      one of which was then incubated anaerobically and the other aerobically. beta
      Hemolytic streptococci were isolated in cultures from 1885 (31.5%) of the
      patients; 1479 (24.7%) were identified as group A, and 406 (6.8%) were identified
      as non-group A. Group A streptococci were recovered significantly more often from
      the plates incubated anaerobically than from those incubated aerobically (1467
      vs. 1054; anaerobic only, 425; aerobic only, 12; P less than 0.01). Non-group A
      streptococci were also recovered significantly more often from the plates
      incubated anaerobically than from the plates incubated aerobically (397 vs. 170;
      anaerobic only, 236; aerobic only, 9;P less than 0.01). Anaerobic incubation
      maximizes the yield of the throat culture. The additional cost and effort of
      anaerobic incubation are small, and would appear to be justified by the increased
      isolation rate of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. The significance of the
      increased isolation rate of non-group A beta-hemolytic streptococci with
      anaerobic incubation needs to be investigated further.

PMID- 3891894
TI  - Secondary syphilis of the tonsils.
AB  - Secondary syphilis of the tonsils without accompanying signs in the mouth or
      pharynx is rare. A case report of a patient presenting with papular tonsillitis
      as a result of secondary syphilis is described.

PMID- 3891895
TI  - Effect of fasting on the composition of plasma lipoproteins in cholesterol-fed
      diabetic rabbits.
AB  - Cholesterol-fat feeding is associated with unusual alterations in the composition
      of plasma lipoproteins in alloxan-diabetic rabbits. In the present study plasma
      lipoprotein lipid and apoprotein composition was studied before and after 48 hr
      of fasting in cholesterol-fed diabetic and control rabbits in order to further
      characterize these alterations. Compared with control rabbits, the diabetic
      rabbits had similar plasma cholesterol levels, but 100-fold higher triglyceride
      levels prior to fasting. These plasma lipids were distributed mainly to large, Sf
      greater than 400 plasma lipoproteins in the diabetic rabbits, and to beta-VLDL in
      control rabbits. Sf greater than 400 lipoproteins, VLDL, IDL, LDL, and HDL from
      diabetic rabbits had triglyceride as the predominant lipoprotein core lipid. Sf
      greater than 400 lipoproteins and VLDL from diabetic rabbits had lesser amount of
      apoprotein E, and greater amounts of apoproteins A-I, A-IV, and B-48 as percent
      of total apoprotein mass in comparison with control rabbits. Fasting reduced
      plasma triglyceride levels by 55% in diabetic rabbits. Sf greater than 400
      lipoprotein and VLDL triglyceride content decreased but remained a major core
      lipid. Fasting eliminated apoproteins A-I and A-IV from Sf greater than 400
      lipoproteins and VLDL, but had no significant effect on apoB-48 content. Insulin
      treatment of the diabetic rabbits reduced plasma triglyceride by approximately
      90% resulting in cholesteryl ester-rich particles reassembling beta-VLDL both in
      the Sf greater than 400 lipoprotein and VLDL fractions. These results indicate
      that the alterations in plasma lipoproteins in cholesterol-fed diabetic rabbits
      result from the presence in the d less than 1.006 g/ml plasma lipoprotein class
      of partially metabolized, intestinally derived particles.

PMID- 3891896
TI  - Semi-synthetic preparation of 1-O-[1'-14C]hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3
      phosphocholine (platelet activating factor) using plant cell cultures.
AB  - Incubation of photomixotrophic cell suspension cultures of rape (Brassica napus)
      and heterotrophic cell suspension cultures of soya (Glycine max) with 1-O-[1'
      14C]hexadecyl-sn-glycerol or rac-1-O-[1'-14C]hexadecylglycerol leads in high
      yield (up to 78%) to labeled 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines.
      Alkaline hydrolysis of the choline glycerophospholipids yields pure 1-O-[1'
      14C]hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. 1-O-[1'-14C]Hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn
      glycero-3-phosphocholine (platelet activating factor) is obtained by acetylating
      the lyso compound. The semi-synthetic preparation described leads to labeled
      platelet activating factor in an overall yield of 50-60% without loss of specific
      activity.

PMID- 3891897
TI  - A case report on nonresolving conservative care of low back pain and sciatic
      radicular syndrome.
AB  - A 23-year-old male originally presented in a chiropractor's office for low back
      pain and leg pain. The case is followed through using conservative procedures
      without lasting relief. Procedures and special studies are related for
      determining referral for chemonucleolysis which satisfactorily relieved the
      condition. Need for proper protocol in problem low back cases is discussed.

PMID- 3891898
TI  - Vitamin C and chiropractic.
AB  - A review of the literature relating to possible clinical implications of ascorbic
      acid (AA) supplementation was conducted. Factors requiring a higher AA intake
      include smoking, alcohol ingestion, stress, diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, and
      certain drugs, including oral contraceptives, some antibiotics, acetylsalicylate
      and anti-inflammatory medications. AA has been found to significantly increase
      wound healing, reduce the inflammatory response, lessen respiratory distress,
      enhance immune function and serve to benefit many common conditions including
      osteoarthritis. It is concluded that vitamin C supplementation could be utilized
      for many conditions seen by chiropractors.

PMID- 3891899
TI  - The computer as a medical tool.

PMID- 3891900
TI  - Serological hepatitis A virus infections and ratio of clinical to serological
      infections in a controlled trial of pre-exposure prophylaxis with immune serum
      globulin.
AB  - Seroconversion to hepatitis A virus was studied in a sub sample of 802 Israeli
      military recruits (611 men and 191 women) who were taking part in a randomised
      controlled trial of pre-exposure immune serum globulin (ISG) for the prevention
      of viral hepatitis. On intake into the service 35% of the men and 47% of the
      women were negative to hepatitis. A virus antibody (anti-HAV). After three years
      7 of 71 men (9.9%) who had not received pre-exposure ISG had become positive to
      anti-HAV compared to 2 of 83 (2.4%) who had received it; the statistical
      significance of this difference was p = 0.052. At two years 2 of 30 women (6.7%)
      who had not received ISG had converted compared to 1 of 43 (2.3%) who had
      received ISG (p = 0.37). Pooling the sexes gave conversion rates of 8.9% in those
      not immunised and 2.4% in those immunised (p = 0.029). The sex adjusted odds
      ratio was 4.0 (95% confidence limits 1.3-19.0). The morbidity rates for clinical
      non B hepatitis over the three year period among 12 835 men were 7.2 per 1000 in
      those not immunised and 3.6 per 1000 in those immunised (p = 0.004). Point
      estimates of the ratio of clinical hepatitis to seroconversion in men ranged from
      0.25 to 0.30. It is concluded that pre-exposure administration of ISG effectively
      prevented clinical expression of viral hepatitis, apparently reduced
      seroconversion, and did not induce passive-active immunisation.

PMID- 3891901
TI  - Association of lpr gene with graft-vs.-host disease-like syndrome.
AB  - Hemopoietic cells have been reciprocally transferred between two lines of mice
      (MRL lpr/lpr and MRL +/+) that are congenic, differing only at the lpr
      (lymphoproliferation) and possibly closely linked genes. The lpr strain develops
      a significantly more severe and fast-paced lupus-like syndrome than +/+ strain,
      along with a substantially larger lymphoid mass. The results showed that: (a)
      hemopoietic cells of such mice were sufficient to induce the respective disease
      phenotypes in lethally irradiated syngeneic recipients; (b) cells of MRL +/+ mice
      maturing in an MRL lpr/lpr environment essentially retained the disease-producing
      characteristics of the donor, i.e., they induced late-life lupus without
      lymphadenopathy; but (c) MRL lpr/lpr cells transferred into irradiated MRL +/+
      recipients unexpectedly failed to induce the early-life severe lupus and lymphoid
      hyperplasia of the donor, instead they caused a severe wasting syndrome
      resembling, in many respects, graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD). This GVHD-like
      syndrome developed after transfer of MRL lpr/lpr fetal liver, bone marrow, or
      spleen cells, and was not abrogated by elimination of T cells from the inocula.
      Thymectomy of the MRL +/+ recipients retarded, but did not prevent, the wasting
      disease. The unidirectional nature of this disease suggests that the lpr mutation
      conferred either a structural or regulatory defect that interfered, blocked, or
      altered the expression or structure of certain lymphocyte antigen(s). As a
      result, the MRL +/+ cells that did express this antigen(s) were recognized as
      foreign, and stimulated a graft-vs.-host reaction. These findings may allow
      definition of a new kind of rejection phenomenon caused by non-H-2 products, and
      may extend our understanding of the means by which the lpr gene adversely affects
      lymphocyte regulation and homeostasis.

PMID- 3891902
TI  - Characterization of gP85gag as an antigen recognized by Moloney leukemia virus
      specific cytolytic T cell clones that function in vivo.
AB  - The gag membrane protein gP85gag, encoded by Moloney murine leukemia virus (M
      MLV), was identified as a target molecule recognized by Moloney murine sarcoma
      virus--M-MLV (M-MSV--M-MLV)-specific cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones. Target
      cells infected with Ab-X-MLV, an M-MLV-derived mutant virus not encoding gP85gag,
      were not lysed by the CTL clones. The same CTL clones were shown previously to
      induce the destruction of M-MLV-induced tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity. We
      have now characterized CTL-resistant antigen-loss tumor cell variants that have
      lost the surface antigen, but which retain transcriptionally silent M-MLV
      genomes. A cloned antigen-loss variant that reverted in vitro to the CTL
      susceptible phenotype reexpressed M-MLV genomes that had undergone an insertion
      event in the region of the viral DNA coding for the gag membrane protein.
      Intravenous injection of virus-specific CTL clones inhibited tumor formation in
      mice injected subcutaneously with M-MSV--M-MLV.

PMID- 3891903
TI  - Podoendin. A new cell surface protein of the podocyte and endothelium.
AB  - A new cell surface protein, podoendin, has been identified in Sprague-Dawley
      rats, and isolated using monoclonal antibody (mAb) G4. The distribution of
      podoendin is restricted to the surface of glomerular podocytes, urinary surface
      of the parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule, and the luminal surface of
      endothelial cells. The antibody does not crossreact with podocytes or endothelia
      of human or mice. In newborn rats, the appearance of podoendin on glomerular
      epithelium is attendant on podocyte differentiation during glomerulogenesis of
      metanephrogenic vesicles. It disappears when podocytes retract and efface foot
      processes in tissue culture. Thus, podoendin appears to be a cell differentiation
      dependent surface protein of podocytes. Podoendin is a protein of 62 kD mobility
      on 5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It stains intensely with Coomassie
      blue, but gives negative reactions to carbohydrate (periodic acid/Schiff
      reaction) and polyanions (alcian blue, colloidal iron, and carbocyanine). It is
      distinct from the major sialoglycoprotein of podocyte fuzzy coat, podocalyxin
      (11). Podoendin isolated and purified from endothelium of lungs appears to be
      identical with that from podocytes and endothelium of kidneys. Injection of mAb
      G4 into left ventricle of rats resulted in intense decoration of the endothelium
      and podocyte surface within 30 min. The decoration persisted throughout the 3-d
      period of observation. This was not accompanied by complement (C3) fixation.
      Preliminary results showed that the rats developed moderate proteinuria (100
      mg/ml protein in urine), which was associated with the presence of hyaline
      droplets in renal tubules, on the third day. The proteinuria was not accompanied
      by effacement of podocyte pedicels. There were no morphologic alterations
      indicating glomerular or vascular injury in the kidneys.

PMID- 3891904
TI  - Macrophage complement and lectin-like receptors bind Leishmania in the absence of
      serum.
AB  - We have examined the relative roles of the macrophage (M phi) plasma membrane
      receptor for the cleaved third complement component (iC3b, CR3) and of the
      mannosyl/fucosyl receptor (MFR) in binding and ingestion of Leishmania donovani.
      In the absence of exogenous complement, the binding and ingestion of
      promastigotes, which are good activators of the alternative complement pathway,
      were inhibited by the anti-CR3 monoclonal antibody M1/70, by the Fab portion of
      an anti-C3 antibody, or by the nucleophile, sodium salicyl hydroxamate, an
      inhibitor of C3 fixation. This provides strong evidence that M phi-derived,
      cleaved C3 (iC3b) present on the promastigote surface mediates binding to CR3.
      Equivalent inhibition of promastigote binding and ingestion was also observed
      using the soluble inhibitors of MFR activity, mannan or ribonuclease B. No
      additive effect for blocking the two M phi receptors simultaneously was observed.
      For amastigotes, which are poor activators of the alternative pathway, a lesser
      but nevertheless equivalent effect was observed for the three soluble inhibitors
      of CR3-mediated binding vs. the two soluble inhibitors of MFR-mediated binding.
      Modulation experiments in which either CR3 or MFR had been rendered inaccessible
      demonstrated that both receptors must be present on the segment of M phi membrane
      to which the parasite binds. The combined function of these two distinct M phi
      receptors may provide a general mechanism for recognition and ingestion of other
      pathogenic protozoa known to activate the alternative pathway.

PMID- 3891905
TI  - In vivo activation of macrophage C3 receptors for phagocytosis.
AB  - We assessed the effects of exposure to immune complexes in vivo on macrophages'
      Fc receptor function and C3 receptor function. Peritoneal macrophages from mice
      injected intraperitoneally with immune complexes were markedly impaired in their
      ability to phagocytize via their Fc receptors but had acquired the ability to
      phagocytize via their C3 receptors. In vivo activation of macrophages' C3
      receptors for phagocytosis required T lymphocytes, because macrophages from
      athymic mice could not be activated by injection of immune complexes. The
      requirement for both T lymphocytes and immune complexes for activation of
      macrophages' C3 receptors in vivo is identical to the requirements for activation
      of macrophages' C3 receptors in vitro, suggesting that the mechanisms we have
      identified for activation of these receptors in vitro are the same mechanisms by
      which the receptors are activated for phagocytosis in vivo. The susceptibility of
      macrophages' Fc receptors to blockade by immune complexes and the activation of
      their C3 receptors for phagocytosis in a milieu containing immune complexes
      suggest that it may be macrophages' C3 receptors, not their Fc receptors, that
      are primarily responsible for promoting phagocytosis of opsonized microorganisms
      in immune hosts.

PMID- 3891906
TI  - GTP-cyclohydrolases: a review.
AB  - The occurrence, properties and functions of GTP-cyclohydrolases in mammalian and
      non-mammalian systems is reviewed. GTP-cyclohydrolases catalyse the removal of C
      8 atom from GTP as formic acid. GTP-cyclohydrolase I (EC 3.5.4.16) converts GTP
      into D-erythro-7, 8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate, whereas GTP-cyclohydrolase II
      forms 2,5-diamino-4-oxo-6-(5'-phosphoribosyl) -amino pyrimidine, a possible
      intermediate in the biosynthesis of riboflavin. GTP-cyclohydrolase I is the first
      enzyme in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin, a cofactor of the
      monooxygenases of the aromatic amino acids. It is the rate limiting enzyme in
      many mammals, but not in man. Recently, patients with GTP -cyclohydrolase I
      deficiency were described, a variant form of tetrahydrobiopterin-deficient
      hyperphenylalaninaemia.

PMID- 3891907
TI  - Use of ultrasonography vs clinical factors to estimate date of confinement.
AB  - Controversy exists regarding the use of routine ultrasound for dating of
      intrauterine pregnancy. This retrospective study was designed to determine the
      frequency of ultrasonography use and its correlation with an easily obtainable
      clinical date. Two hundred sixteen patients from the St. Joseph Hospital family
      practice residency model office over the last four years were selected for
      retrospective study. Criteria included single intrauterine pregnancy, birth
      weight of 2,500 g or greater, and spontaneous onset of labor. Data reviewed
      included timing, reasons, and number of ultrasonograms; reliable last menstrual
      periods; and compilation of clinical factors that included fundus at umbilicus,
      serial fundal heights, and last menstrual period. Comparison of these various
      clinical criteria with ultrasonogram dating showed a high correlation of last
      menstrual periods, clinical scores, and ultrasonograms. Many of the ultrasound
      studies seem to be redundant and may not have been required.

PMID- 3891908
TI  - Plasma renin activity in stroke patients.

PMID- 3891909
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy of subcellular structures].

PMID- 3891910
TI  - Real-time ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pancreatic tumors.

PMID- 3891911
TI  - Ultrasonic measurement of the main pancreatic duct in healthy adults and patients
      with ampullary-pancreatic disorders.

PMID- 3891912
TI  - [The tumor thrombus in renal vein and inferior vena cava proved by duplex
      ultrasound. A case report].

PMID- 3891913
TI  - Expression of T4 early genes 62, 44, 45 and 46 in the lambda-T4 recombinant phage
      lambda 806-17.
AB  - A lambda-T4 recombinant phage, lambda 806-17, which carries the T4 early genes
      62, 44, 45 and 46, was studied inside a homoimmune lysogen. Under such
      conditions, gene expression from the lambda promoters is represented. Results
      showed extensive expression of gene 46, and significant expression of genes 62
      and 45. The expression of these early T4 genes is presumed to depend on T4
      promoters included in the cloned fragment. A new promoter proximal to gene 46 is
      implicated. The results also indicate that the extent of gene expression, in
      terms of complementation, increases with the time allowed for expression.

PMID- 3891914
TI  - The nucleotide sequence of the Pieris brassicae granulosis virus granulin gene.
AB  - Two overlapping restriction fragments containing the Pieris brassicae granulosis
      virus (GV) granulin gene were cloned into plasmids. The regions containing the
      coding region and the 5' and 3' flanking regions were subcloned into M13 and
      sequenced. The nucleotide sequence data were compared to those for the granulin
      gene from the Trichoplusia ni GV and the polyhedrin gene from the Autographa
      californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV). The amino acid sequences derived
      from these DNA sequences indicated that the two GV proteins are more closely
      related to each other (77% amino acid homology) than either is to the AcMNPV
      (about 53% amino acid homology for either GV). The N-terminal region shows the
      greatest degree of variation between these proteins. Highly conserved amino acid
      sequences were identified between the two GVs and were also found between NPVs.
      Certain of these conserved regions are shared between GVs and NPVs while others
      are not.

PMID- 3891915
TI  - Horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in household contacts,
      Pune, India.
AB  - The study was undertaken to detect the risk of infection, if any, among 193
      household contacts of 40 hospitalised hepatitis patients (group I) with hepatitis
      B surface antigen (HBsAg) in their blood. As a control group, 103 household
      contacts of 27 hospitalised hepatitis patients who were negative for HBsAg (group
      II) were investigated. The family contacts of the former group had a
      significantly higher prevalence of HBV infection than those of the latter group
      (P less than .001). Significant differences were observed both in the prevalence
      of HBsAg (P less than .05) and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) (P less than .025)
      between the two groups. IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-Hbc-IgM)
      was detected in 32 out of the 39 (82%) sera tested from the patients of group I
      with HBsAg. A statistically significant difference (P less than .005) of HBV
      prevalence was also found in the contacts of these 32 patients suffering from
      acute hepatitis B as compared to the contacts of the patients of group II.
      Overall, the children of the first group showed a significantly higher prevalence
      of HBsAg as compared to the second group. All the children with HBsAg were
      positive for HBeAg also, but were negative for anti-HBc-IgM. Anti-HBs was
      detected in a significantly larger number of adult females. Spouses were found to
      be affected more than other relatives. A significant difference (P less than
      .025) was noted in the number of families having HBV markers in group I (80.0%)
      as compared to those in group II (48.1%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3891916
TI  - Graham Hoyle: in memoriam.

PMID- 3891917
TI  - Cadmium(II)-113 NMR studies of the mechanism of metal ion activation of yeast
      enolase.
AB  - Yeast enolase binds one mole of 113Cd2+ per subunit at a site that consists of
      all oxyligands in a distorted octahedral environment. This "conformational" metal
      ion's environment undergoes further distortion on addition of substrate/product
      or analogs. At pH's below the optimum value the shifted resonance tends to break
      up into several, suggesting the existence of several slowly exchanging
      intermediate forms. At acid pH's, on addition of one additional mole/subunit of
      113Cd2+, which greatly increases catalysis, "conformational" resonance(s) further
      broadens, suggesting that the second, "catalytic" metal ion increases the rates
      of interconversion between "conformational" species. At more alkaline pH's, near
      the optimum pH, the "conformational" peak is sharpened, which suggests that very
      fast interconversion is occurring. The position of the "catalytic" metal ion
      resonance also suggests all oxyligands in a distorted octahedral geometry. The
      "catalytic" resonance is often broadened to the point where it cannot be seen,
      suggesting rapid changes in its geometry due to interconversion of substrate and
      product.

PMID- 3891918
TI  - Effects of hypoglycemia on rat brain polyribosome sedimentation pattern.
AB  - Insulin-induced hypoglycemia provokes polyribosome disaggregation and
      accumulation of monomeric ribosomes in the brain of rats with hypoglycemic
      paresis and coma. The extent of brain polyribosome disaggregation depends on the
      decrease of blood glucose concentration, and in comatose animals on the duration
      of hypoglycemia. Cycloheximide prevents the disaggregation of brain polyribosomes
      induced by hypoglycemia, indicating that hypoglycemia affects brain protein
      synthesis, decreasing the rate of initiation relative to the rate of elongation
      of polypeptide chain synthesis.

PMID- 3891919
TI  - Application of monoclonal antibodies in basic research, diagnosis, and therapy.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies are the natural products of hybrid cells called hybridomas,
      which are obtained from fusion of cultured myeloma cells with spleen cells from
      an immunized animal. Monoclonal antibodies can exhibit high specificity and
      affinity for distinct determinants (epitopes) in low-molecular-weight compounds
      and macromolecules. The availability of an inexhaustible and easily reproducible
      source of such antibodies, which can be harvested from cell culture supernatants
      of permanent hybrid cell lines and animal ascites fluids, promises to advance
      considerably our knowledge of biology at the cellular, subcellular, and molecular
      levels. In the future, hybridoma technology should allow preparation of many well
      characterized diagnostic tools and development of novel therapeutic reagents.
      This presentation provides an overview of the rapidly growing areas in which
      monoclonal antibodies are being implemented. A few specific examples illustrate
      their value in advancing our knowledge of biomedical systems.

PMID- 3891920
TI  - Hyperbaric oxygen in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: visual evoked
      potentials and clinical effects.
AB  - The effects of hyperbaric oxygen at a pressure of two atmospheres absolute were
      studied in a group of patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. A
      slight but statistically insignificant shortening of the visual evoked potential
      latencies was seen after treatment with hyperbaric oxygen as compared with
      placebo treatment. The treatment did not appreciably halt the progression of the
      disease and deferioration occurred more often among the patients in the treatment
      group than in the control group.

PMID- 3891921
TI  - Localization of 5-hydroxytryptamine to neurons and endoneurial mast cells in rat
      sensory ganglia.
AB  - 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) localization has been studied in the spinal and
      trigeminal ganglia of adult rats using immunofluorescence, peroxidase
      antiperoxidase immunocytochemistry and [3H] 5-HT uptake radioautography, the
      latter two at the ultrastructural level. Endoneurial mast cells, identified by
      alcian blue staining, formed 8 and 14% of all mast cells and neurons in spinal
      and trigeminal ganglia respectively and had a median diameter of 7.6 microns.
      Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry showed that these mast cells
      contained 5-HT-like immunoreactivity. Some 75% of them accumulated exogenous
      [3H]5-HT in vitro. A population of small-diameter neurons, which did not stain
      with alcian blue, was also labelled with anti-5-HT serum and accumulated [3H]5
      HT. The possible roles of 5-HT in sensory ganglia are discussed.

PMID- 3891922
TI  - The importance of an isolated central nervous system relapse in children with
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - We assessed the influence of an initial isolated meningeal relapse on treatment
      outcome in 839 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who were admitted
      to St Jude Children's Research Hospital (Memphis) from mid-1967 through mid-1979.
      The patients were entered in a series of five clinical trials (Total Therapy
      Studies V through IX), each designed to test one or more modifications of
      treatment for ALL. Two groups were compared: 699 children who received CNS
      prophylaxis (2,400-rad craniospinal irradiation or 2,400-rad cranial irradiation
      plus intrathecal methotrexate) v 56 who did not. Our results, obtained with a
      time-dependent covariate model and a matching technique, indicate a 2 to 3.5-fold
      increase in the risk of hematologic relapse or death among patients who
      experienced an isolated CNS relapse compared with similar patients (matched for
      leukocyte count and length of complete remission) who remained free of CNS
      involvement. Of the 107 children with an initial isolated CNS relapse, 89 (83%)
      have died or have had a subsequent relapse. There was no detectable difference in
      the rate of hematologic relapse or death after a CNS relapse between patients who
      had received preventive therapy and those who had not. We conclude that CNS
      prophylaxis is important both for the prevention of initial CNS leukemia and for
      reducing the risk of hematologic relapse or death subsequent to a CNS relapse.

PMID- 3891923
TI  - FAM therapy for advanced gastric cancer: an ideal standard?

PMID- 3891924
TI  - Dose intensity in chemotherapy of metastatic breast cancer.

PMID- 3891925
TI  - Air embolism in the operating room.
AB  - If left undetected and untreated in the operating room, air embolism can be a
      potentially lethal event. It is important to be aware of the specific positions
      and surgical procedures that put a patient at risk for air emboli. This article
      will define air embolism, discuss its occurrence and effects on the body, review
      specific monitoring techniques used to detect intravascular air, and present
      techniques used for prevention and treatment by the operating room staff.

PMID- 3891926
TI  - Detection, localization, and quantitation of degree of common bile duct
      obstruction by scintigraphy.
AB  - The detection, localization, and quantitation of the degree of obstruction was
      successfully accomplished by [99mTc]IDA scintigraphy in 13 of 14 patients with
      cholangiographically documented common bile duct (CBD) obstruction. Ductal
      dilatation was present on ultrasound examination in only seven patients. The
      accuracy of biliary scintigraphy was enhanced by several innovations including:
      (a) selection of a radiopharmaceutical with rapid hepatic uptake and excretion;
      (b) shorter imaging interval over longer period of time; (c) substitution of
      image parameter for appearance time; and (d) quantitative measurement of bile
      emptying parameters following cholecystokinin infusion. Scintigraphically, the
      partial obstruction was characterized by CBD segmental narrowing or intraluminal
      filling defects and bile stasis within the area and segmental ducts. The
      gallbladder mean (+/- s.d.) ejection fraction of 20.0 +/- 17.5%, ejection period
      of 6.8 +/- 1.6 min, and ejection rate of 3.1 +/- 2.6% per min following 3-min
      infusion of 10 ng/kg of cholecystokinin octapeptide were reduced significantly
      when compared to control subjects. The level of CBD obstruction correlated well
      with the results of cholangiography. It is concluded that quantitative biliary
      dynamic scintigraphy employing modern techniques can accurately detect and
      localize CBD obstruction.

PMID- 3891927
TI  - Gladys Anderson Emerson (1903-1984). A biographical sketch.

PMID- 3891928
TI  - Nutrition and aging--a current assessment.

PMID- 3891929
TI  - "Child crowing" (croup, 1836-1889).

PMID- 3891930
TI  - Fibrin seal: the state of the art.

PMID- 3891931
TI  - The prevalence of edentulism and diseases related to dentures--a literature
      review.

PMID- 3891932
TI  - The pulpal response to dilute citric acid smear removers.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the pulpal response to three dilute citric
      acid smear removers. Forty-eight vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops
      pygerythrus), in three groups of sixteen animals provided 384 tooth specimens for
      the histological evaluation of the pulpal response at 3, 31, and 59 days post
      operatively. Labial Class V cavities were prepared in the maxillary and
      mandibular incisor teeth. The pulpal responses elicited by 1% aqueous citric
      acid, 1% citric acid in 30% ethanol and 0.1% citric acid in 30% ethanol
      solutions, in unlined cavities and in cavities lined with Dycal after acid
      application, were compared with those elicited by a negative control material-
      (Nobetec), and a positive control material--(Syntrex). Using Stanley's criteria
      the most severe pulpal responses were seen in teeth treated with 1% aqueous
      citric acid and 1% citric acid in 30% ethanol without a subsequent liner, and by
      Syntrex at all three time intervals. The use of Dycal as a liner after smear
      removal markedly reduced the pulpal responses.

PMID- 3891933
TI  - A long-term prognosis for the free-end saddle-bridge.
AB  - A consecutive series of eighty-seven saddle-bridges with free-end saddles,
      executed by the author during the years 1958-72, was investigated in 1982. The
      aim was to assess the long-term prognosis. Five years after application 98% of
      the bridges were still functioning. The corresponding percentage after 10, 15 and
      20 years was 82, 69 and 49%, respectively. The risk that saddle-bridges cease to
      function is very low during the first 5-year period but significantly higher
      thereafter. Soldering fractures constitute an important cause of the removal of
      appliances during the first 8 years following application. After this time the
      most frequent causes are caries and loosening of the teeth. Factors such as sex,
      time of application, patient's age, length of saddle and whether the bridges were
      fitted in the mandible or maxilla, have not had a significant influence on the
      prognosis. Furthermore, no statically significant difference has been found
      between the long-term prognosis for full and partial saddle-bridges. On the other
      hand, patients with a removable full denture in the opposing jaw show a
      significantly worse prognosis (P less than 0.05) than patients without a denture
      in this jaw. The results of the present study indicate that the short-term
      prognosis for saddle-bridges is very favourable and that the long-term prognosis
      is so good that saddle-bridges can constitute an alternative therapy even in jaws
      with as few as three remaining teeth.

PMID- 3891934
TI  - An experimental comparison of vertical tooth movement of 33 degrees and 0 degree
      teeth after denture processing procedures.
AB  - Movement of teeth during denture processing is an unsolved problem. This study
      investigates the amount of vertical tooth movement during controlled processing
      of acrylic, using 33 degrees and 0 degree teeth invested in specific mixes of
      plaster of Paris or dental stone. Forty sample set-ups each containing four
      posterior teeth were processed under strictly controlled laboratory conditions.
      Twenty of these samples carried 33 degrees teeth and the other twenty carried 0
      degree teeth. Each group of twenty samples was randomly divided on a factorial
      design into batches of ten for investment in plaster of Paris or stone. The
      vertical movements were measured with a greater degree of accuracy than is
      required for clinical application. All results were analysed statistically.
      Significantly greater movement occurred with teeth invested in stone than those
      invested in plaster of Paris. Whereas, for teeth invested in stone, significantly
      greater movement occurred with 33 degrees than with 0 degree teeth, no such
      effect was found with teeth invested in plaster of Paris.

PMID- 3891935
TI  - Homocarnosinosis. Symposium in honor of James F. Lenney.

PMID- 3891936
TI  - Carnosinase and homocarnosinosis.

PMID- 3891937
TI  - The patho-epidemiology of benign proliferative epithelial disorders of the female
      breast.
AB  - Benign breast disease is associated with increased risk of subsequent breast
      cancer, especially when there is evidence of epithelial proliferation. There is
      no standard terminology for benign proliferative epithelial disorders (BPED), and
      this hinders direct comparisons between the various studies which have examined
      their pathology and their relationship to breast cancer. The present paper
      reviews previous classification schemes for BPED, and proposes an alternative
      system in which epitheliosis and blunt duct adenosis are the major features, the
      degree and pattern of the hyperplasias being graded separately. Adoption of this
      or a similar system as a standard should facilitate future comparative studies of
      these conditions. As BPED are apparently pre-malignant conditions, an
      understanding of their aetiology is important because it may help to elucidate
      the aetiology of breast carcinoma, and to open up avenues for its prevention. If
      BPED are precursors to breast carcinoma, then risk factors for BPED should also
      be risk factors for breast carcinoma. To date, in epidemiological studies of
      BPED, such concordance has not been demonstrated, as consistent risk factors for
      the BPED have not yet emerged. This may have resulted, at least in part, from
      differences in the histological categories included in the various studies.
      Therefore, collaboration between epidemiologists and pathologists may facilitate
      progress towards an understanding of BPED.

PMID- 3891938
TI  - Immunolocalization of prealbumin: distribution in normal human tissue.
AB  - Using an indirect immunoperoxidase staining technique we have demonstrated the
      plasma protein, prealbumin, in the cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans.
      Serial sections stained with antisera to glucagon, insulin and somatostatin
      revealed that the distribution of the prealbumin stained cells matched that of
      the glucagon A-cells. Absorption and cross-absorption experiments with prealbumin
      and glucagon showed that the staining was specific. We also found positive
      staining for prealbumin in single cells in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal
      tract, mainly stomach and colon, and kidney tubules.

PMID- 3891939
TI  - Ulex europeus I--peroxidase as a marker of vascular endothelium: its application
      in routine histopathology.
AB  - Peroxidase-labelled Ulex europeus I lectin has been applied to a series of
      routinely fixed and processed vascular lesions to assess its value in the
      identification of endothelium. A group of breast carcinomas previously examined
      for binding of the lectin to the tumour have been re-assessed for evaluation of
      the use of Ulex europeus I in the determination of vascular invasion. There was
      consistent binding to normal vascular endothelium but this could be variable,
      there being stronger reactivity in small vessels of some tissues. All benign
      lesions stained showed clear definition of vascular channels but angiosarcomas
      were much less consistent in their staining reaction and the peroxidase-labelled
      lectin was considered to be a less satisfactory marker. Lymphatic endothelium was
      always negative; this proved to be a useful feature in differentiating between
      blood vessel and lymphatic invasion by breast carcinoma. Ulex europeus I
      peroxidase could certainly have a role in routine histopathology in this area.

PMID- 3891940
TI  - Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia identified as lymphoma of mucosa associated
      lymphoid tissue.
AB  - The widespread interstitial pulmonary infiltration in two patients, showing the
      clinical, radiological and histological features of lymphocytic interstitial
      pneumonia (LIP), has been characterized by histological and immunological
      criteria as malignant lymphoma of follicle centre cell (FCC) origin with
      plasmacytic differentiation. One patient also had malignant lymphoma of the
      parotid glands which had been present for many years and was previously
      considered benign (benign lymphoepithelial lesion). The other patient had a long
      history of Sjogrens syndrome. The lymphomas in these patients are presented as
      typical examples of malignant lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.

PMID- 3891941
TI  - The distribution of cells of the monocytic-lineage in reactive lymph nodes and
      non-Hodgkin's lymphomata. Characterization using protein histochemistry, lectin
      binding and monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - In this study cells of putative monocytic origin have been investigated in lymph
      nodes, using a battery of cytochemical investigations on fixed and frozen tissue.
      In reactive lymph nodes involved in non-Hodgkin's lymphomata six types of
      presumed monocyte-derived cells have been identified on the basis of morphology
      and/or cytochemistry. These cells can be divided into two distinct groups.
      Certain cell types have distinctive distributions in reactive and non-Hodgkin's
      lymphomata and this taken in conjunction with their morphology and staining
      properties may give important clues to their function.

PMID- 3891942
TI  - Histiocytic lymphoma: a report of a case with an unusual phenotype.
AB  - A 41-year-old female underwent a supraclavicular lymph node biopsy. Light
      microscopy showed a tumour with morphology suggestive of a malignant lymphoma
      arising from interdigitating reticulum cells (IDRC). Immunohistochemistry and
      enzyme histochemistry revealed the tumour cells not only to possess
      differentiation markers found on IDRCs but also markers characteristic of
      monocyte derived histiocytes. The implications of a neoplasm expressing this
      unusual phenotype are discussed in relation to the origin of histiocytes and
      their subsets.

PMID- 3891943
TI  - Degenerative neurologic disease in patients formerly treated with human growth
      hormone. Report of the Committee on Growth Hormone Use of the Lawson Wilkins
      Pediatric Endocrine Society, May 1985.
AB  - One or more lots of pituitary GH supplied by the NHPP may have been contaminated
      with CJD pathogen. If so, it is probable that the contaminated hormone was
      dispensed before 1978, and there is reason to believe that it was dispensed in
      the late 1960s. The contamination may have been limited to one lot of GH, but
      this is not known with certainty. Purification methods used by the NHPP since
      1978 probably exclude the CJD pathogen, but this is not yet certain. The risk to
      patients treated since 1978, therefore, probably is low. There is no evidence to
      date that GH from either of the pharmaceutical suppliers has been or is
      contaminated. Purification procedures used by these sources also should exclude
      the pathogen. To exclude the possibility that they are contaminated with the CJD
      pathogen, 1 1/2 to 3 years will be required to test batches of the pituitary GH
      used previously. The experiment needed to show that the purification method used
      by NHPP excludes the scrapie agent will take up to 1 year. Planning for
      epidemiologic studies in patients treated with pituitary GH is under way.
      Biosynthetic GH prepared by recombinant DNA techniques has been in clinical trial
      in the United States for 3 1/2 years. It has been shown to be as effective as
      pituitary GH in promoting growth. However, it produces a higher incidence of GH
      antibodies than pituitary GH preparations do. Pediatric endocrinologists support
      the FDA in its effort to gather the information needed to approve biosynthetic GH
      for treatment of GH deficiency at an early date.

PMID- 3891944
TI  - Improved management of brittle-psychosocial diabetes by use of a portable insulin
      infusion pump.

PMID- 3891945
TI  - Conventional vs high-frequency jet ventilation in a piglet model of meconium
      aspiration: comparison of pulmonary and hemodynamic effects.
AB  - The pulmonary and cardiovascular effects of high-frequency jet (HFJV) and
      conventional (CV) ventilation were evaluated in a piglet model of meconium
      aspiration. A mixture of 20% human meconium and 0.9% saline solution was
      instilled deep into the trachea of 10 piglets, after which either HFJV or CV was
      administered for 4 hours. Arterial blood gases, cardiac output, mean pulmonary
      and systemic arterial pressures, pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances, and
      pulmonary mechanics were compared between groups. During the 4 hours of
      ventilation, PaO2 and PaCO2 were not statistically different between groups. The
      peak inspiratory pressure necessary to maintain PaCO2 in the preset range was
      approximately half as much in the HFJV group as in the CV group (P less than
      0.002). Mean airway pressure was lower in the HFJV group only during the second
      hour (P less than 0.03). Cardiac output, mean aortic and pulmonary artery
      pressures, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, dynamic lung compliance,
      and pulmonary resistance were not statistically different between groups. Our
      results suggest that HFJV may be more effective than CV in the early stages of
      meconium aspiration syndrome because HFJV allows more efficient ventilation and
      adequate oxygenation at lower peak inspiratory pressures.

PMID- 3891946
TI  - Randomized trial of prophylactic phototherapy in the infant with very low birth
      weight.
AB  - Twenty-two preterm infants (birth weight 850 +/- 220 gm) were randomly assigned
      to receive phototherapy either soon after birth or after the serum bilirubin
      concentration reached 5 mg/dl. Infants receiving prophylactic phototherapy were
      placed under lights at a significantly earlier age and lower serum bilirubin
      concentration than infants in the routine group (P less than 0.001). There was no
      significant difference between groups in peak serum bilirubin concentration, age
      at which it peaked, rate of rise in serum bilirubin concentration, or serum
      bilirubin concentration at any time during the study. Infants assigned to the
      prophylactic phototherapy group were under lights for a significantly longer time
      than those in the routine group (P less than 0.05). There was a significant rise
      in both configurational and structural photo-isomers (P less than 0.005)
      independent of serum bilirubin concentration after phototherapy in all patients.
      These data suggest that the clinical course of hyperbilirubinemia is not altered
      in infants with very low birth weight receiving prophylactic phototherapy
      compared with infants with phototherapy begun at a bilirubin concentration of 5
      mg/dl.

PMID- 3891947
TI  - Somatomedin-C in accelerated growth of children with precocious puberty.
AB  - To assess the role of somatomedin-C as a possible mediator of the growth spurt in
      children with central precocious puberty, we compared Sm-C levels in 40 children
      with central precocious puberty, 87 age-matched normal children, and 110 normal
      pubertal controls. Somatomedin C levels were significantly elevated for age in
      the children with precocious puberty (P less than 0.01), and were similar to the
      levels observed during normal puberty. The patients with precocious puberty were
      given the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue D-Trp6-Pro9-NEt-LHRH
      (LHRHa) for 6 months. Treatment caused a significant decrease in secondary sexual
      characteristics, growth rate, plasma gonadotropins, sex steroids (estradiol in
      the girls and testosterone in the boys), and Sm-C levels. Growth during LHRHa
      treatment returned to the age-appropriate rate, whereas plasma Sm-C levels,
      although lower than pretreatment levels, remained significantly elevated for age
      (P less than 0.002). In addition, growth rates before and during treatment did
      not correlate with the plasma somatomedin C levels, nor did the decreases in
      growth rate during LHRHa therapy correlate with the decreases in somatomedin C
      levels. Growth rates did correlate significantly, however, with plasma estradiol
      levels in the girls (P less than 0.0005) and with plasma testosterone levels in
      the boys (P less than 0.025). We conclude that the growth spurt in children with
      precocious puberty cannot be explained by the plasma level of somatomedin C.

PMID- 3891948
TI  - Assessment of glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow in
      cystic fibrosis.
AB  - A study was conducted to examine renal function in 10 healthy control subjects
      and eight patients with cystic fibrosis in stable condition. Sequential bolus
      injections of 99mTc-DTPA and 125I-OIH were administered to assess glomerular
      filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow, respectively. Blood was
      subsequently collected for 3 hours, and urine for 24 hours. Renal clearances of
      both radioisotope markers were virtually identical in patients and controls.
      Inasmuch as neither glomerular filtration rate nor effective renal plasma flow
      was enhanced in patients with cystic fibrosis, increased clearance of drugs in
      these patients is unlikely to be the result of enhanced glomerular filtration or
      tubular secretion.

PMID- 3891949
TI  - Culturing of throat swabs: end of an era?

PMID- 3891950
TI  - Cooperative study of latex agglutination to identify group A streptococcal
      antigen on throat swabs in patients with acute pharyngitis.

PMID- 3891952
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis and natural history of the fetus with a congenital
      diaphragmatic hernia: initial clinical experience.
AB  - To study the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis and define the natural history of
      fetal congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), we reviewed experience with CDH at
      The University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) over the last three years. All
      nine babies born in our institution (inborns) and six of 11 babies referred from
      other hospitals after birth (outborns) died, an overall mortality of 75%. All had
      pulmonary hypoplasia. Forty percent had associated malformations or chromosomal
      abnormalities, a higher incidence than generally reported. Prenatal sonograms
      were available in all nine inborn cases. CDH was correctly diagnosed
      prospectively in only five, but could be recognized retrospectively in all nine
      cases using the sonographic criteria developed from the study. Polyhydramnios was
      present in all nine cases; in seven cases sonography was performed because the
      woman was large-for-dates clinically. There were no false positive
      interpretations, and when necessary the diagnosis was confirmed by amniography.
      All nine cases of CDH detected in utero died. Seven deteriorated so rapidly that
      surgical repair could not even be attempted. Two who had optimal care (maternal
      transport, immediate resuscitation and operation) died after repair despite
      maximal intensive care including vasodilator therapy. Despite the theoretical
      advantages of maternal transport to pediatric surgical specialty centers, a
      majority of fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of CDH will die because their lungs
      are inadequate to support extra-uterine life even at term.

PMID- 3891951
TI  - Coccidian parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) of Microtus spp. (Rodentia:
      Arvicolidae) from the United States, Mexico, and Japan, with descriptions of five
      new species.
AB  - Beginning in July 1980, 149 voles (Microtus spp.) representing 9 species and 14
      subspecies collected in Japan, Mexico and the United States were examined for
      coccidia; 67 (45%) had oocysts in their feces. These included 1 of 3 (33%) M.
      californicus sactidiegi; 0 of 1 M. longicaudus longicaudus; 0 of 1 M. l.
      macrurus; 48 of 111 (43%) M. mexicanus including 11 of 26 (42%) M. m.
      fulviventer, 1 of 2 (50%) M. m. fundatus, 13 of 31 (42%) M. m. mexicanus, 1 of 4
      (25%) M. m. mogollonensis and 22 of 48 (46%) M. m. subsimus; 5 of 8 (63%) M.
      montanus arizonensis; 6 of 6 M. montebelli montebelli; 2 of 4 (50%) M. oregoni
      oregoni; 5 of 13 (38%) M. pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus; 0 of 1 M. quasiater and
      0 of 1 M. townsendii townsendii. The following coccidians were identified from
      infected voles: Eimeria saxei n. sp. (syn. E. wenrichi "B") from M. c.
      sactidiegi; E. ochrogasteri, E. saxei, E. wenrichi (syn. E. wenrichi "A"), and
      Eimeria sp. from M. m. fulviventer, Eimeria sp. from M. m. fundatus; E.
      ochrogasteri, E. saxei, Eimeria tolucadensis n. sp., E. wenrichi, and Eimeria sp.
      from M. m. mexicanus; E. wenrichi from M. m. mogollonensis; Eimeria coahuiliensis
      n. sp., E. saxei, Eimeria subsimi n. sp., E. wenrichi, Eimeria sp., and Isospora
      mexicanasubsimi n. sp. from M. m. subsimus; E. tamiasciuri and E. wenrichi from
      M. m. arizonensis; Eimeria spp. from M. m. montebelli; E. saxei and E. wenrichi
      from M. o. oregoni; and E. ochrogasteri and E. wenrichi from M. p.
      pennsylvanicus. Sporulated oocytsts of Eimeria coahuiliensis n. sp. were
      ellipsoid, 29.6 X 19.6 (27-34 X 18-22) micron with ovoid sporocysts 14.4 X 8.9
      (13-18 X 8-10) microns. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria saxei n. sp. were
      subspheroid, 13.0 X 11.0 (11-14 X 10-12) micron with ovoid sporocysts 7.5 X 4.0
      (6-9 X 4-5) micron. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria subsimi n. sp. were
      ovoid/subspheroid, 25.1 X 18.7 (22-28 X 17-21) micron with ellipsoid sporocysts
      13.9 X 7.4 (13-15 X 6-8) micron. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tolucadensis n.
      sp. were subspheroid, 25.4 X 20.3 (23-26 X 19-23) micron with ellipsoid
      sporocysts 11.3 X 7.8 (10-13 X 7-9) micron. Sporulated oocysts of Isospora
      mexicanasubsimi n. sp. were subspheroid, 23.7 X 23.1 (21-26 X 21-26) micron with
      ovoid sporocysts 14.9 X 10.8 (12-16 X 10-12) micron.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3891953
TI  - Changes of intrahepatic bile duct dilatation after surgery for congenital
      dilatation of the bile duct.
AB  - Of 47 patients suffering from congenital dilatation of the bile duct whose
      intrahepatic bile ducts could be clearly demonstrated by operative cholangiogram
      or preoperative ERCP, 39 patients (83%) had dilatation of the intrahepatic bile
      ducts. Follow-up studies in infants and children ranging from 1 year to 11 years
      after their corrective operation for congenital dilatation of the common bile
      duct showed no morbidity that was attributed to the presence of the dilatation of
      the intrahepatic bile ducts. ECHO grams in 21 patients revealed marked decrease
      in size of the intrahepatic bile ducts except for two patients with huge cystic
      dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. These findings justify the employment
      of the standard operative procedure for the treatment of congenital dilatation of
      the bile duct even if it is associated with dilatation of the intrahepatic bile
      ducts.

PMID- 3891954
TI  - Emergency embolization in posttraumatic hemobilia in a child.
AB  - The authors report a case of hemobilia in a ten-year-old boy after abdominal
      trauma. An intrahepatic false aneurysm was successfully embolized during the
      diagnostic angiogram. This is, to their knowledge, the first pediatric case
      successfully embolized with posttraumatic hemobilia.

PMID- 3891955
TI  - Clinical and histologic studies of neuronal intestinal dysplasia.
AB  - Over a period of 10 years we have treated 10 patients with neuronal intestinal
      dysplasia (NID), including 3 in whom the entire intestinal tract was affected by
      NID, and one in whom small intestinal NID coexisted with total colonic
      aganglionosis. Three of these 4 patients have died and the one survivor requires
      parenteral feeding. The six patients with less extensive NID have all been
      treated successfully; three have required surgery (Duhamel procedure in 2 and
      colostomy in 1), but 3 responded to conservative measures. We have made detailed
      histologic studies, including acetylcholinesterase activity in all cases, silver
      impregnation studies in 4, and immunohistochemical investigation of the
      peptidergic innervation of the bowel in one case. Follow-up rectal biopsies have
      not shown any significant morphological changes with time, but functional
      improvement does occur and we suggest that the myenteric ganglia in NID may have
      the capacity for functional maturation.

PMID- 3891956
TI  - Plasma oxytocin in human pregnancy and parturition.
AB  - Oxytocin concentrations were determined in serial peripheral plasma samples
      collected from clinically normal women during pregnancy and labor. Measurable
      concentrations of this hormone were detected in all maternal plasma samples
      during pregnancy, but there were wide differences in values between patients.
      Serial samples from individual patients revealed a pattern of gradual rise of
      oxytocin levels with advancing gestation and the increase in concentration was
      statistically significant. There were no significant differences in oxytocin
      levels at any stage of labor, with or without epidural analgesia. Oxytocin levels
      at the onset of the second stage did not differ statistically from those at
      crowning. Comparison of cross-sectional data showed no significant difference
      between the mean oxytocin concentration in early labor and in late pregnancy.
      Oxytocin surges occurred, but not in a regular pattern. Plasma oxytocin
      concentration did not increase after pelvic examination, sweeping of the
      membranes, low amniotomy or after cervical vibration. After spontaneous vaginal
      delivery, umbilical arterial plasma levels of oxytocin were consistently higher
      than plasma concentrations from the umbilical vein. The fetal arterio-venous
      difference was less pronounced at elective cesarean section. At spontaneous
      vaginal delivery, with and without epidural anesthesia, plasma levels from the
      umbilical artery were significantly higher than the maternal levels. After
      vaginal delivery, oxytocin levels in cord plasma were significantly higher than
      at elective abdominal delivery. Some methodological aspects with regard to blood
      sampling and to plasma oxytocin radioimmunoassay procedures are discussed. From
      the results presented it is concluded that the human fetus can be an important
      source of oxytocin and that neurohumoral birth reflexes described in animals do
      not occur systematically in man.

PMID- 3891957
TI  - Ultrasound investigation of the fetal cerebral ventricles.
AB  - Significant recent advances in ultrasonic technology have now made possible
      detailed evaluation of normal and abnormal fetal intracranial anatomy. Accurate
      knowledge of fetal intracranial anatomy is important for accurate and
      reproducible cephalometry as well as in antenatal diagnosis of dilated brain
      ventricles. High resolution real-time ultrasonic investigation was performed in
      280 normal obstetric patients from the 14th to the 41st weeks of pregnancy. Eight
      patients with antenatally detected hydrocephalic fetuses were also included in
      the study. Measurements of the ratio between lateral ventricular width and
      cerebral hemispheric width (LVW/HW) showed value at 0.61 of the 14th week to 0.29
      at about the 27th week. This value then remains unchanged until term. Accordingly
      the LVW/HW ratio decreases as the fetus grows reflecting the developmental
      changes. Due to this simple measurement technique, it is possible to diagnose
      hydrocephaly much earlier than by means of the identification of an abnormal BPD
      growth or a discrepancy between head and abdomen circumferences. Although the
      earliest reported cases of prenatal ultrasound detection of hydrocephaly have
      been at 17-18 weeks, one must be very careful when making the diagnosis prior to
      20 weeks because the lateral ventricles are usually disproportionally large at
      this time and the LVW/HW ratio is, therefore, high. Moreover, the normal range is
      rather wide at this age. For this reason it is useful to repeat the ultrasound
      examination after one week; if the ratio increases, the diagnosis of hydrocephaly
      can be made without any doubt.

PMID- 3891958
TI  - The role of prenatal diagnosis in the perinatal management of urinary tract
      abnormalities.
AB  - The use of ultrasonography is one of the most appropriate and less invasive
      techniques for the identification of prenatal assessment of urinary tract
      anomalies. This technique is able to distinguish malformations which are not
      compatible with life from those which could benefit from appropriate prenatal
      management treatment in view of a successful outcome after birth. During the past
      three years, 13 cases of urinary tract anomalies were found and treated. On the
      basis of our experience, we believe that ultrasonography is especially indicated:
      to make an early diagnosis of the type of malformation; in the presence of a
      complex malformation, gives the physician the possibility of showing and
      explaining to the parents all the aspects involved in reconstructive surgery thus
      giving them the possibility to decide for abortion or not; to reveal latent
      malformations: in these cases postnatal treatment may be efficiently programmed.
      to prepare the mother for early cesarean section, thus avoiding the trauma of
      vaginal delivery in cases of high risk such as fetuses with hydronephrotic
      kidneys. Thus, together with more experience in the field of intrauterine
      microsurgery, the outlook on the future of fetuses with malformations is
      certainly becoming brighter.

PMID- 3891959
TI  - Periodontal disease treatment by local drug delivery.
AB  - The subgingival microbiologic composition of diseased periodontal sites was
      evaluated by darkfield microscopy before and after scaling or local delivery of
      tetracycline. A standardized sampling and counting method using a crevicular
      washing technique was developed to determine both numbers and proportions of
      morphotypes using darkfield microscopy. Tetracycline-loaded hollow fibers
      established an initial intrasulcular concentration of 200,000 micrograms/ml,
      which decreased exponentially to 15 micrograms/ml in 24 hours. Repetitive
      intrasulcular placement of these fibers at periodontitis sites produced an
      incremental reduction in bacterial counts over a 10-day period. Monolithic fibers
      made of ethylene vinyl acetate loaded with 25% tetracycline hydrochloride
      provided sustained release for 10 days under in vitro test conditions. Ten
      patients were treated in a study comparing the effects of these fibers with
      scaling. Fibers were placed subgingivally to fill pockets to their probable depth
      and covered with a periodontal dressing which was maintained for 10 days. The
      average intrasulcular tetracycline concentration measured at the end of the 10
      day period was 643 micrograms/ml. At these sites, total counts, spirochetes,
      motile rods and nonmotile rods were significantly reduced immediately following
      treatment. Total counts were depressed to levels near the detection limit of
      darkfield microscopy. In comparison, scaling produced much smaller alterations of
      darkfield counts which were not statistically significant.

PMID- 3891960
TI  - Diagnosis of bone lesions by subtraction radiography.
AB  - Examiner diagnostic accuracy and response times were compared using subtraction
      and conventional radiography in a dog model. Osseous lesions were induced
      interproximally and through the mandibular buccal bone interradicularly and
      radicularly. Standardized preoperative and postoperative conventional radiographs
      of the induced lesions were compared to subtraction images of the same sites by
      11 dentists. Examiners using the subtraction technique demonstrated improved
      diagnostic performance (P less than 0.001) and response times (P less than
      0.001). Additionally, this method yielded a 30% reduction in equivocal diagnostic
      decisions. Data from this study suggest that subtraction radiography is a
      sensitive and accurate method to detect osseous lesions associated with
      periodontal diseases.

PMID- 3891961
TI  - The cellular host response in juvenile periodontitis. A review.
AB  - The current knowledge on the cellular, host-response features in juvenile
      periodontitis (JP) has been reviewed. The chemotaxis of the polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes (PMNs), known to be defective in JP, is modulated by serum factors and
      bacteria. The interactions of the putative etiologic pathogen Actinobacillus
      actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.) and the enzyme lysozyme with PMNs modify the host
      defense. Data on the phagocytic capacity of the peripheral blood and gingival
      crevice PMNs in JP are still controversial. The monocytes exhibit similar
      alterations as PMNs in interaction with A.a., but the reports on defective
      monocyte chemotaxis are conflicting. Both bacterial challenge and genetic factors
      may regulate the lymphocyte response in JP.

PMID- 3891962
TI  - Fate of porcine and human insulin at the subcutaneous injection site. I.
      Degradation and absorption of insulins in the rat.
AB  - The plasma insulin and serum glucose levels were compared after the subcutaneous
      and intravenous administration of porcine and human insulin in rats. While no
      difference was observed in plasma insulin or serum glucose levels with either
      insulin after intravenous administration, the plasma insulin levels and
      hypoglycemic effects of human insulin were greater than those of porcine insulin
      after subcutaneous administration. At various time intervals, radioactivity in
      subcutaneous tissue was assayed for insulin and/or its metabolites by gel
      filtration. Using these data, the absorption and degradation rate constants of
      these substances were estimated according to a one-compartment model. The
      degradation rate constants of human insulin was approximately half of that for
      porcine insulin.

PMID- 3891964
TI  - [Antihepatotoxic activity of crude drugs].

PMID- 3891963
TI  - Effect of a polysaccharide fraction from Grifola frondosa on immune response in
      mice.
AB  - The biological and immunomodulating activities of polysaccharide fraction (GF-1),
      an antitumor poysaccharide fraction from cultured fruiting bodies of Grifola
      frondosa, was examined in mice. GF-1 showed no cytocidal effect on culturing
      tumor cells. However, GF-1 induced resistance against Sarcoma 180 in ICR mice
      which had completely regressed from the tumor by the effect of GF-1. The
      administration of GF-1 into mice increased the weights or cell numbers of spleen,
      and peritoneal cavity. GF-1 enhanced the antigen specific antibody response and
      carbon clearance activity, whereas GF-1 did not show polyclonal B cell activation
      and mitogenic activities, and the effect on delayed type hypersensitivity.

PMID- 3891965
TI  - [Isolation of factors responsible for the immunosuppression found in tumor
      bearing animals].

PMID- 3891966
TI  - [Iron uptake of Salmonella typhimurium strains from different epidemiological
      sources].
AB  - All Salmonella typhimurium strains tested were able to use iron from transferrin.
      In buffered nutrient broth -- poor in iron-content -- the strains were tested in
      59FeCl3 and 59Fe-transferrin uptake in different growth phases. In the early log
      phase the strains are able to catch the 59Fe3+ in a very great amount as it is
      necessary for the growth. The content of 59Fe per cell was in the late log phase
      reduced until to a value, which seen to be enough for growth. The acquisition of
      59Fe-transferrin between the early and late log phase tested by 4 S.typhimurium
      strains was different.

PMID- 3891967
TI  - Electron microscopic study of purified polysaccharide components glucans and
      mannan of the cell walls in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - In this study electron-microscopic characteristics of platinum shadowed or
      negatively stained preparations of purified beta-(1----3)-D-glucan, beta-(1----6)
      D-glucan, and mannan were examined. These polysaccharides were isolated from cell
      walls of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. While purified samples of beta-(1---
      6)-D-glucan and mannan proved to be amorphous in structure and homogenous in
      appearance, the purified beta-(1----3)-D-glucan, isolated and presented to us as
      alkali-insoluble yeast glucan A2, was not homogenous. It consisted of (i)
      fibrillar component, (ii) amorphous matrix, and (iii) chitin bud scars. The
      ultrastructure of beta-(1----3)-D-glucan present in the glucan A2 sample did not
      change after treatment with 0.5 M acetic acid at 75 degrees C for 2 hours. After
      treatment with 1 M NaOH for 3 days at 4 degrees C scar material was removed by
      centrifugation and after a subsequent acidification of supernatant with acetic
      acid both the microfibrillar and the amorphous components were still present. It
      was concluded that beta-(1----3)-D-glucan component consists of molecules
      probably differing in their physico-chemical properties such as D. P., the degree
      of branching, conformation, and that cannot be separated by the methods currently
      used for their isolation.

PMID- 3891968
TI  - Immunological studies on the mechanism of halothane-induced hepatotoxicity:
      immunohistochemical evidence of trifluoroacetylated hepatocytes.
AB  - The fulminant hepatotoxicity caused by halothane has been thought to have an
      immunological basis because this toxicity occurs most often after repeated
      administration of halothane and because sera from patients recovering from severe
      halothane hepatotoxicity contain antibodies that bind to the surface membranes of
      hepatocytes of rabbits treated with halothane. In order to determine whether the
      major reactive metabolite of halothane, trifluoroacetyl halide, covalently binds
      to hepatocytes, we have developed specific and sensitive peroxidase enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assays and an indirect immunofluorescence staining method for
      identifying trifluoroacetylated (TFA)-hepatocytes. Liver sections prepared from
      rats at 4 hr after halothane administration were stained preferentially in the
      centrilobular region with anti-TFA serum whereas livers of control rats showed no
      staining. The specificity of the assay for the TFA group was confirmed by the
      complete inhibition of the staining with 200 microM N-epsilon-TFA-L-lysine in the
      diluted antiserum. On the other hand, 2 mM halothane or L-lysine did not inhibit
      this staining. Moreover, treatment of rats with deuterated halothane resulted in
      significantly less staining than did halothane. At 24 hr after halothane
      administration, hepatocytes isolated and stained by indirect immunofluorescence
      showed a linear and granular pattern on their surface membranes. These results
      indicate that trifluoroacetyl halide either reacts directly with constituents of
      the plasma membranes or with other cellular components which become incorporated
      into the plasma membranes.

PMID- 3891970
TI  - Fluorometric prediction of successful amputation level in the ischemic limb.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to compare fluorometric documentation of
      fluorescein dye delivery with the standard means of determining the level at
      which an amputation should be performed in the dysvascular extremity. Thirty-nine
      patients underwent lower-extremity amputation at the level determined by the
      surgeon based upon physical examination, angiography, segmental pressure indices,
      and/or pulse volume recordings. In addition, fiberoptic fluorometry was performed
      preoperatively. After intravenous administration of sodium fluorescein (4-8
      mg/kg), fluorometric readings were obtained by placing the fluorometer's light
      guide on 126 reading sites. Fluorometric findings were evaluated retrospectively,
      and therefore did not influence the surgeon's decision. Of the 39 amputations
      performed overall, only 26 healed. The accuracy of the standard criteria was
      lowest for the 20 below-ankle amputations, where only 12 cases healed.
      Alternatively, fluorometric indices separated healing from nonhealing sites in 36
      of the 39 cases and in 18 of the 20 below-ankle amputations. Overall, healing
      sites averaged 94 percent of the fluorescence of the healthy reference area,
      while nonhealing sites averaged only 29 percent. We conclude that fluorometry
      should prove to be a valuable adjunct in the assessment of the dysvascular
      extremity. It uses a low dose of dye, is easy to perform, and is readily
      repeatable.

PMID- 3891969
TI  - alpha-Glucosidase-albumin conjugates: effect of chronic administration in mice.
AB  - Enzyme albumin conjugates have been proposed as a means of increasing the
      efficacy of enzyme use in vivo and decreasing immune response to the enzyme.
      Particulate drug carriers, however, have a pronounced tendency to localize in the
      mononuclear phagocyte (reticuloendothelial) system. We have examined in mice the
      effect on phagocytic index, tissue distribution and organ size of continued
      administration of conjugates of alpha-glucosidase with either homologous or
      heterologous albumin. Mice received 10 X 2-mg injections of bovine serum albumin
      (BSA) or mouse serum albumin (MSA), either free, polymerized or conjugated with
      alpha-glucosidase. Experiments involving BSA had to be terminated before the end
      of the experiment because of anaphylaxis, but these reactions were less severe to
      the polymerized albumin than to free albumin. Free BSA, BSA polymer and BSA
      enzyme conjugates all caused a decrease in phagocytic index after six injections.
      Mice receiving MSA showed no evidence of anaphylaxis, but mice receiving six or
      more injections of free MSA, MSA polymer or MSA-enzyme conjugate had
      significantly decreased phagocytic indices as compared to controls. Phagocytic
      indices had returned to normal by 7 days after the final injection. Tissue
      distribution of 125-I-labeled albumin preparations was determined in either naive
      or chronically injected mice.

PMID- 3891971
TI  - The new evaluation unit of the Veterans Administration's Rehabilitation Research
      and Development Service.

PMID- 3891972
TI  - Early clinical evaluation of a robot arm/worktable system for spinal-cord-injured
      persons.
AB  - In Part I, "Developmental Case Study", this evaluation traces anecdotally the
      increasing application of microcomputer technology in a research program
      examining the uses of a robot arm in the rehabilitation of the high-spinal-cord
      injured person. This program, supported by the Veterans Administration since
      1974, built upon still earlier VA-supported work at Johns Hopkins on powered
      upper-limb prostheses. The Johns Hopkins University powered shoulder prosthesis
      served as the basis for the Robotic Arm/Worktable System, whose evolution is
      described in applications ranging from handling simple reading materials to self
      feeding and the operation of a personal computer, all under the user's control
      through the same chin control interface employed for the control of the user's
      power wheelchair. Part II of this report focuses on the results of clinical
      evaluation in the development of the system. In the early stages of development,
      evaluation was provided by four subjects who used the system regularly for
      periods ranging from 4 months to a year. A later stage of evaluation featured a
      total of 16 subjects located in two VA Medical Centers, using the system for
      periods of from a few days to 4 months in duration. The VA's new Rehab R&D
      Evaluation Unit has begun an intensive evaluation process based upon 25 of the
      Robotic Arm/Worktable Systems currently on order.

PMID- 3891973
TI  - Diabetes mellitus update.

PMID- 3891974
TI  - Internal escape channel to improve the seating of full crowns with various
      marginal configurations: a follow-up study.
AB  - The effectiveness of an internal escape channel in improving the marginal
      adaptation of full crowns with various marginal configuration was investigated.
      Full crowns with 90-degree shoulders had a vertical discrepancy comparable to
      those of crowns with accentuated finish lines. Although an internal escape
      channel significantly improved the seating of a full crown with a 90-degree
      shoulder and 45-degree level, its vertical discrepancy was much higher than those
      of crowns with an accentuated finish line or a 90-degree shoulder.

PMID- 3891975
TI  - Successful integration of fixed and removable prosthodontics.
AB  - The management of complex prosthodontics requires special consideration during
      treatment as well as maintenance visits after treatment is complete. The
      anticipated design of the removable partial denture framework must be recorded
      prior to restorative procedures. Preparation of the abutment teeth should provide
      space for the critical portions of the removable partial denture that will
      require subsequent restorations. Portions of a removable partial denture
      essential to the construction of a restoration are guide planes, rests, retentive
      clasps, and reciprocal components. The wax patterns of the restorations should be
      contoured on a surveyor in harmony with the path of insertion and design of
      removable partial dentures. Successful integration of fixed and removable
      prosthodontics is dependent on adequate diagnostic information and perceptive
      execution of restorative procedures.

PMID- 3891976
TI  - Use of composite resin for restorative and orthodontic correction of anterior
      interdental spacing.
AB  - Anterior diastemas are common esthetic problems. With the advent of superior
      composite resin materials, the acid-etch/composite resin technique can be used to
      provide a conservative and practical approach to the closure of interdental
      spacing. Retention of orthodontically closed spaces can also be achieved more
      easily through the use of resin-bonded lingual retainers.

PMID- 3891977
TI  - Restoration of missing or misplaced canines.
AB  - Restorative treatments for canines were discussed to correct three clinical
      abnormalities: (1) fully erupted permanent canine in the lateral incisor
      position, (2) missing permanent canines, and (3) partially exposed canines in
      normal arch position. The primary concerns are the development of esthetics,
      anterior guidance, and adequate support for fixed restorations.

PMID- 3891978
TI  - Root fracture during insertion of prefabricated posts related to root size.

PMID- 3891979
TI  - Bonding properties and dimensional stability of hydrocolloid impression systems
      in fixed prosthodontics.
AB  - Four hydrocolloid impression systems for fixed prosthodontics and one
      conventional alginate were tested for bonding properties between the syringe and
      the tray materials of the systems. Their dimensional stability was tested also
      after the impressions were kept in a humidor for 1, 3, and 24 hours before casts
      were poured. Findings showed that there was a true bond between the syringe and
      the tray materials for all combinations. The precision tests gave a mean percent
      difference between the master model and the cast of less than 0.15 for all
      material combinations at both the 1- and 3-hours observations. The same was true
      at the 24-hours observation, except for one combination. From a clinical point of
      view, all the materials can be used for fixed prosthodontic impressions even if
      kept for 1 and 3 hours in 100% humidity before pouring the casts; however one
      material was unsuitable if kept for 24 hours before pouring.

PMID- 3891980
TI  - Relationship of syringe-tip diameter to voids in elastomer impressions.
AB  - An in vitro study was done to determine the relationship between syringe-tip
      diameters and the number of bubbles in extruded strips of two vinyl silicone
      impression materials. Results disclosed the following. There were highly
      significantly fewer bubbles in impression material extrusions from the second
      half of the syringeful than from the first half (p less than .001). The smaller
      tip orifices, 0.6 and 0.67 mm in diameter, caused highly significantly fewer
      bubbles in the extruded impression materials than did the larger tips (p less
      than .001). The reasons and clinical implications for these effects are unknown
      and are being explored. From subjective observations, it was concluded that the
      pneumatically powered syringe provided an easier means of extruding the
      impression material through small syringe-tip orifices than did the conventional
      hand-powered syringe.

PMID- 3891981
TI  - Technique for fabrication of the mandibular denture over the staple bone implant
      using a permanent heat-cured base.
AB  - A technique that uses processed bases to which the semiprecision attachments are
      attached intraorally has been described. The teeth are cured in heat-cured resin
      directly to the base. Advantages of using heat-cured processed bases are that (1)
      the base is accurately related to the attachments; (2) there is direct access to
      the attachments for joining them to the base; (3) extension, retention, and
      stability can be evaluated prior to completion of the dentures; and (4) accurate
      jaw relation recordings can be made due to the accuracy of the fit of the bases.

PMID- 3891982
TI  - Nonvertical loaded minimal stress attachment with the mandibular staple implant.

PMID- 3891983
TI  - Measurement of occlusal reduction for cast restorations.

PMID- 3891984
TI  - Report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of
      Restorative Dentistry.

PMID- 3891985
TI  - Internal setting expansion of a dental casting investment measured with strain
      gauges.
AB  - A study was undertaken to investigate the feasibility of using strain gauges to
      evaluate the internal setting expansion of dental casting investments. A strain
      gauge was invested in the center of a casting ring to determine the linear
      setting expansion at the site of the wax pattern. The findings suggest that
      strain gauges can be used to measure setting expansion internally more accurately
      than volumetric or external surface measurement techniques. It was also found
      that winged strain gauges were more stable in the investment than wingless strain
      gauges.

PMID- 3891986
TI  - Effect of a two-step ringless investment technique on alloy castability.
AB  - An evaluation of the effects of a two-step ringless partial denture investment
      technique on the castability of a base metal crown and fixed partial denture
      alloy was made. Castability values were obtained for 60 test patterns cast on two
      different casting units at two different mold temperatures. No significant
      differences were found between the control technique and the experimental
      technique. However, significant differences were found between castings made by
      the two different casting units at a temperature of 1250 degrees F.

PMID- 3891987
TI  - Aluminum-based temporary removable partial dentures.
AB  - The fabrication of an aluminum-based temporary removable partial denture has been
      presented. The advantages of this type of prosthesis include compatibility with
      oral tissues, accuracy of fit, decreased bulk, and improved thermal conductivity.

PMID- 3891988
TI  - Metal denture inserts in the treatment of elongated maxillary tuberosities.

PMID- 3891989
TI  - A simplified guide to trimming esthetically appealing diagnostic casts.

PMID- 3891990
TI  - A technique for plastic margins on temporary crowns.

PMID- 3891991
TI  - Evidence supporting the existence of a host cell surface receptor for Trypanosoma
      cruzi.
AB  - Membrane fragments from trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi inhibited the
      association of intact trypomastigotes with rat heart myoblasts whereas a similar
      preparation from non-invasive epimastigotes did not. Furthermore, killed
      trypomastigotes bound to the host cell surface and prevented the attachment of
      living organisms. Conversely, the extent of association of killed parasites with
      the host cells was reduced by the presence of living flagellates. These results
      suggest the presence of a distinct structure(s) on the surface of rat heart
      myoblasts to which infective forms of T. cruzi can bind.

PMID- 3891992
TI  - [Efficacy of modern imaging technics in the diagnosis of isolated angiomyolipoma
      of the kidney. Apropos of 11 cases].
AB  - Ultrasound and computed tomography imaging techniques are very reliable methods
      of detection and diagnosis of renal angiomyolipoma not associated with the
      tuberous sclerosis of Bourneville's disease: results are considerably improved
      when compared with conventional investigations (IVU, arteriography). The series
      reported included 6 patients with large angiomyolipomas and 5 with lesions less
      than 2 cm in diameter discovered fortuitously on ultrasonography: all tumors were
      partially or totally hyperechogenic. The fatty tissue was detected in 9 of the 11
      cases by computed tomography imaging.

PMID- 3891993
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of renal lymphoma in children. A series of 18 cases].
AB  - Ultrasound tomography imaging is a very effective diagnostic examination for
      lymphoma of the kidneys, organs which are frequently the site of these tumors
      (51,5% of cases). A total of 18 cases of renal lymphoma explored by ultrasound
      tomography over the last 2 years were reviewed, the first patients seen in this
      series also undergoing intravenous urography and two others a CT scan. In most
      cases diagnosis from ultrasound imaging was based on findings typical of renal
      lymphoma and on the almost constant detection of other parenchymatous
      localizations (liver, spleen, pancreas) or lymph node and/or serous lesions.
      Tumors were bilateral in 13 cases and unilateral in 5. Ultrasound images showed:
      a) nephromegaly that was usually bilateral (9 cases) or sometimes unilateral (2
      cases), while the kidney or kidneys were of normal size in 4 patients; b) the
      almost constant presence of hypoechogenic nodules scattered throughout the kidney
      or kidneys (16 cases); c) global hypoechogenicity of the kidney or kidneys (3
      cases)--a sign not reported it the literature--; d) hydronephrosis that was
      either isolated (2 cases) or associated with the renal lymphomatous lesion (3
      cases). The diagnostic reliability, cost and safety of ultrasound imaging make in
      the examination of choice for the exploration of this affection.

PMID- 3891994
TI  - The development of plastic surgery for war.

PMID- 3891995
TI  - Mitchiner memorial lecture. Wellington, Napoleon and the medical services.

PMID- 3891996
TI  - Obstetric physiology. A symposium in honor of Donald H. Barron, Ph.D.

PMID- 3891997
TI  - Conservative treatment of liver hematoma in the postpartum period. A report of
      two cases.
AB  - Two pregnant women at term had antenatal symptoms of impending preeclampsia
      (thrombocytopenia, liver dysfunction) and developed clinical signs of a leaking
      subcapsular liver hematoma in the immediate postpartum period. They were managed
      conservatively, with blood transfusions and ultrasonic computerized tomographic
      monitoring of the hematoma. Both did well, and their hospital stays were brief.
      These cases suggest that immediate celiotomy may not always be necessary for
      suspected liver hematoma associated with preeclampsia.

PMID- 3891998
TI  - Routine ultrasound scanning for the detection and management of twin pregnancies.
AB  - One thousand five hundred fifty-one private patients underwent routine ultrasound
      scanning in part to detect twins. Five thousand nine hundred fifty private
      patients acted as controls and underwent ultrasound scanning only when indicated
      by conventional obstetric standards. When diagnosed, twin pregnancy was treated
      with increased bed rest, nutritional counseling and careful monitoring, with
      delivery in a tertiary-level center. No significant differences between the two
      groups could be demonstrated in maternal age, parity or incidence of twin
      pregnancy. A significant difference could be shown, however, in the early
      detection of twin pregnancy. By the end of the 24th week, 94% of the twins in the
      routinely scanned group had been diagnosed as compared to only 68% in the
      controls (p = 0.03). A significant improvement in perinatal outcome was also
      demonstrated in the routinely scanned patients as compared to the controls. The
      incidence of any unfavorable outcome in any infant was reduced from 60% in the
      controls to 25% in the routinely scanned patients (p = 0.0007). This reduction
      was due to a reduced incidence of low birth weight, smallness for gestational
      age, prematurity, depressed Apgar scores and stillbirths. When all twins
      diagnosed prior to the 25th week of pregnancy were compared with those diagnosed
      after that week, similar findings were demonstrated.

PMID- 3891999
TI  - Multivariate analysis of glycosylated haemoglobin in insulin-treated diabetics.
AB  - Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1), as an assessment of overall control, was
      estimated in 858 insulin-treated diabetics attending for changeover to U100
      insulin in North East Wales. Details of age, sex, duration of diabetes, insulin
      regimen and monitoring method were recorded. Multivariate analysis revealed lower
      HbA1 in patients receiving twice-daily (mean 11.01) as compared with once-daily
      insulin (11.42, P = 0.011), but no difference was found between urine and blood
      glucose testers when other variables were taken into consideration. HbA1 was
      lower in men (mean 10.94) compared with women (mean 11.39, P = 0.004) and there
      was a positive correlation of HbA1 in men with age (P = 0.046) and in women with
      duration of disease (P = 0.005).

PMID- 3892000
TI  - Cutaneous and ocular tuberculosis: a review.

PMID- 3892001
TI  - Kaitai Shinsho: the historic Japanese translation of a Dutch anatomical text.

PMID- 3892002
TI  - Replacement therapy in end-stage renal amyloidosis.

PMID- 3892003
TI  - A computational procedure for determining energetically favorable binding sites
      on biologically important macromolecules.
AB  - The interaction of a probe group with a protein of known structure is computed at
      sample positions throughout and around the macromolecule, giving an array of
      energy values. The probes include water, the methyl group, amine nitrogen,
      carboxy oxygen, and hydroxyl. Contour surfaces at appropriate energy levels are
      calculated for each probe and displayed by computer graphics together with the
      protein structure. Contours at negative energy levels delineate contours also
      enable other regions of attraction between probe and protein and are found at
      known ligand binding clefts in particular. The contours also enable other regions
      of attraction to be identified and facilitate the interpretation of protein
      ligand energetics. They may, therefore, be of value for drug design.

PMID- 3892004
TI  - Improved antagonists of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone modified in
      position 7.
AB  - The structure-activity relationship of position 7 in the antagonist [N-Ac-D
      Nal1,D-pClPhe2,D-Trp3,D-Arg6,D-Ala10]-LH-RH has been investigated by the
      incorporation of a series of amino acids at this position. The analogues were
      prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis. All purifications were performed in
      two stages: gel permeation followed by preparative reversed-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography. The analogues were assayed in the standard rat
      antiovulatory assay using a 40% propylene glycol-saline vehicle. The results
      demonstrated that position 7 requires a hydrophobic aromatic amino acid for
      greatest antiovulatory activity. The compound [N-Ac-D-Nal1,D-pClPhe2,D-Trp3,D
      Arg6,Phe7,D-Ala10]-LH- RH caused 65% blockade of ovulation at the 500-ng dose and
      is approximately twice as active as the parent analogue in this assay system. The
      enhanced activity may indicate the stabilization of the active conformation via
      intramolecular hydrophobic or tau-tau interactions.

PMID- 3892005
TI  - Erroneous theories of sex determination.
AB  - Throughout the major part of history, theories of sex determination had to be
      formulated in the absence of knowledge of ova and spermatozoa. The most
      persistent theory postulated that males are associated with the right parental
      side and females with the left side. At the end of the 19th century, sex was
      thought to be determined by nutrition. Recent findings regarding bilateral
      asymmetry in human hermaphrodites and of temperature dependent sex determination
      in reptiles may restore a small degree of credibility to certain theories
      predating the discovery of sex chromosomes.

PMID- 3892006
TI  - Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in an infant with mosaic trisomy 13.
AB  - An infant with mosaic trisomy 13, who was small for gestational age, became
      severely hypoglycaemic. For the first 19 days of life, glucose requirements to
      maintain normoglycaemia were high (up to 21.7 mg/kg/min) and at the same time the
      infant had high plasma insulin levels and low glucose insulin ratios. Treatment
      with hydrocortisone and susphrine was of questionable benefit. Hyperinsulinism
      abated by the third week of life. This case illustrates early remission of
      hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia and raises the possibility of an association with
      trisomy 13.

PMID- 3892007
TI  - Impact of a cybernetic system of feedback to physicians on inappropriate hospital
      use.
AB  - A cybernetic control program aimed at reducing inappropriate days of hospital
      stay for patients was implemented for all Medicare admissions at hospitals in
      four counties in Western Maryland. The findings of a study of the program are
      reported here. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship of
      the volume of the physician's hospitalized patients on both the existing levels
      of inappropriate hospital utilization and the physician's response to the
      cybernetic system. The findings indicated that: (a) existing levels of
      inappropriate hospital use generally increased with higher patient volume, (b)
      physicians with a low volume of hospitalized patients were less likely to
      decrease their inappropriate use of hospitals as a result of feedback than
      physicians with medium or high volumes of admitted patients, and (c) at all
      volume levels, the average decrease in inappropriate days was larger than the
      average increase in inappropriate days.

PMID- 3892008
TI  - A sialic-acid-specific lectin from Cepaea hortensis that promotes phagocytosis of
      a group-B, type-Ia, streptococcal strain.
AB  - Group-B streptococci that possess a type-specific surface polysaccharide undergo
      phagocytosis only in the presence of antibodies to this, and complement. The
      snail Cepaea hortensis forms a lectin that is specific for sialic acid; treatment
      with this promoted the phagocytosis of a group-B streptococcus of serotype Ia
      (strain O90) in the absence of opsonic antibodies. The effect of the lectin was
      dose-dependent and required the presence of complement. The specificity of the
      lectin reaction for sialic acid was proved by the inhibition of phagocytosis by
      bovine submaxillary mucin. The participation of complement in the reaction was
      confirmed by demonstrating that C3 was bound to the surface of lectin-treated
      cells.

PMID- 3892009
TI  - Pathogenic synergy between Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis: studies in
      an experimental mouse model.
AB  - An animal model is described for quantitative evaluation of pathogenic synergy
      between Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis in which adjuvants were not
      required for abscess formation. Two sets of strains of E. coli and B. fragilis
      isolated from human wound infections were tested. Pathogenic synergy was observed
      in only one of the two combinations and was dependent on properties of E. coli.

PMID- 3892010
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of luteinizing hormone in the baboon (Papio hamadryas).
AB  - A heterologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) for luteinizing hormone (LH) consisting of
      a cynomolgus LH tracer and an antiserum raised against human chorionic
      gonadotropin (cynLH:anti-hCG) fulfilled the recognized criteria of reliability
      when applied to baboon (Papio hamadryas) plasma and pituitary extracts obtained
      in different endocrine conditions. This RIA is 5.5 times more sensitive than the
      ovine (oLH:anti-oLH) system, yields estimates of baboon LH (bLH) fairly close to
      those obtained by in vitro bioassay, and recognizes all bioactive molecular
      species of bLH present in male and female pituitary extracts. However, the system
      yields slightly but significantly lower estimates of bLH than the in vitro
      bioassay.

PMID- 3892011
TI  - Relationship between fetal position and stillbirth in the cynomolgus monkeys
      (Macaca fascicularis): retrospective analysis.
AB  - Retrospective analyses were made on the relationship between fetal position and
      stillbirth, using 703 pregnant cynomolgus monkeys. Incidence of the breech
      position was 59.1% to 12 weeks of gestation. The rate decreased stepwise to 10.4%
      on the day before delivery. Twenty-one (65.6%) of 32 monkeys who were in the
      breech position on the day before delivery had stillbirths, whereas only one
      stillbirth occurred among 275 monkeys whose fetuses were in the cephalic
      position.

PMID- 3892012
TI  - Point mutations that affect translation initiation in the Escherichia coli gal E
      gene.
AB  - This paper describes the selection and characterization of several mutations in
      the Escherichia coli galactose operon that affect translation initiation of the
      galE gene but are located outside of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the
      initiator codon. One mutation lies in the gal promoter region and shifts
      transcription initiation from the galP1 to the galP2 promoter. This results in a
      gal messenger that is five nucleotides longer and that is translated threefold
      more efficiently in vivo. This accords with previous observations from in vitro
      experiments which showed that the longer gal messenger was better translated
      (Queen & Rosenberg, 1981). The other mutations that affect galE translation are
      located in the coding sequence immediately downstream from the initiator codon.
      In contrast to the promoter mutation, these cause alterations in galE expression
      only when the gene carries a mutated initiator codon or Shine-Dalgarno sequence
      and have no effect on the wild-type galE gene. These findings are discussed with
      respect to our present knowledge of translation initiation mechanisms.

PMID- 3892013
TI  - Preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of acyl carrier protein from Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - Crystals of the acyl carrier protein of Escherichia coli have been grown and
      analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The crystals grow in space group C2 with unit cell
      dimensions a = 46.8 A, b = 52.1 A, c = 47.3 A and beta = 93.2 degrees. An
      isomorphous derivative, HgCl2, has been identified and characterized.

PMID- 3892014
TI  - Sense codons are found in specific contexts.
AB  - The sequence environment of codons in structural genes has been investigated
      statistically, using computer methods. A set of Escherichia coli genes with
      abundant products was compared with a set having low gene product levels, in
      order to detect potential differences associated with expression. The results
      show striking non-randomness in the nucleotides occurring near codons. These
      effects are, unexpectedly, very much larger and more homogeneous among the genes
      with rare products. The intensity of effects in weakly expressed genes suggests
      that such non-random sequence environments decrease expression. In the weakly
      expressed set of genes, the 5' neighbor of a codon, and all positions of the 3'
      neighbor codon are biased. In the highly expressed genes, the first nucleotide of
      the next codon is a uniquely affected site. The distribution of non-randomness in
      weakly expressed genes suggests that sequence bias is primarily due to a
      constraint acting directly on the secondary or tertiary structure of the
      codon/anticodon. In highly expressed genes, the observed bias suggests an
      interaction between the codon/anticodon and a site outside the codon/anticodon.
      Much of the tendency to non-random near-neighbor sequences in weakly expressed
      genes can be ascribed to a correlation between nearby nucleotides and the wobble
      nucleotide of the codon, despite the fact that selection of such correlations
      will alter the amino acid sequence. The favored pattern, in genes expressed at
      low level, is R YYR or Y RRY. R indicates purine, Y indicates pyrimidine; the
      space is the boundary between codons. It seems likely that this preference for
      nearby sequences is the physical basis of the genetic context effect. Under this
      assumption such sequence biases will affect expression. On this basis, we predict
      new sites for contextual mutations which decrease expression, and suggest
      strategy for the design of messages having optimal translational activity.

PMID- 3892015
TI  - Electron density calculations as an extension of protein structure refinement.
      Streptomyces griseus protease A at 1.5 A resolution.
AB  - Ab initio quantum mechanical calculations have been used to obtain details of the
      electron density distribution in a high-resolution refined protein structure. It
      is shown that with accurate atomic co-ordinates, electron density may be
      calculated with a quality similar to that which can be obtained directly from
      crystallographic studies of small organic molecules, and that this density
      contains information relevant to the understanding of catalysis. Atomic co
      ordinates from the 1.8 A and 1.5 A resolution refinements of the crystal
      structure of protease A from Streptomyces griseus have been used to examine the
      influence of the environment on the electron density in the side-chain of the
      active site histidine (His57). The neighbouring aspartic acid 102 is the dominant
      factor in the environment, and quantum mechanical calculations have been
      performed on these two residues. Most interesting from the point of view of
      understanding the catalytic process is the effect that Asp102 has on the electron
      density in the region of the imidazole nitrogen (N epsilon 2) adjacent to the
      active site serine 195. In the positively charged imidazolium species, there is a
      polarization of the N epsilon 2-H bond, reducing the bonding density in a manner
      that may lower the height of the energy barrier for proton transfer. In the
      uncharged imidazole species, the proximity of Asp102 causes a movement of density
      from the lone pair region of the N epsilon 2 into the pi bonding region above and
      below the plane of the ring. Although it is shown that the primary effect of the
      aspartic acid is electrostatic, this movement is perpendicular to the direction
      of the electric field inducing it.

PMID- 3892016
TI  - Kinetics and importance of the dimerization step in the folding pathway of the
      beta 2 subunit of Escherichia coli tryptophan synthase.
AB  - During its folding, the polypeptide chain of the beta 2 subunit of Escherichia
      coli tryptophan synthase (L-serine hydrolyase (adding indole) EC 4.2.1.20)
      undergoes dimerization. To decide whether this dimerization precedes or follows
      the formation of the native, functional, tertiary structure of the polypeptide
      chain, the kinetics of renaturation of beta 2 are studied by monitoring both the
      regain of native conformation and the dimerization. Dimer formation is followed
      by the increase of the fluorescence polarization, or by energy transfer between a
      fluorescence donor and a fluorescence acceptor, which occur upon association of
      adequately labelled beta chains. Renaturation is followed by the regain of
      functional properties of beta 2, i.e. its ability to bind pyridoxal-5'-phosphate
      or to form a fluorescent ternary complex with this coenzyme and L-serine. It is
      shown that for beta 2 the dimerization obeys first-order kinetics, presumably
      because it occurs rapidly after a rate-limiting isomerization of the monomer. The
      dimerization is followed by another isomerization, taking place within the dimer,
      which leads to the formation of the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate binding site. Still
      another, slow, isomerization reaction involving the F1 (N-terminal) domain
      completes the renaturation. With a modified form of beta 2 (trypsin-nicked beta
      2) where this isomerization of F1 can be made to occur before the dimerization,
      the dimer is also shown to appear before the functional properties. It is
      concluded that a non-native dimer indeed exists as an obligatory intermediate on
      the folding pathway of nicked beta 2 and of beta 2, and that interdomain
      interactions are needed to force the polypeptide chains into their native
      conformations.

PMID- 3892017
TI  - A mutant lactose repressor with altered inducer and operator binding parameters.
AB  - The lactose repressor protein from the mutant Escherichia coli BG185 contains
      valine at position 81 instead of alanine. Spectroscopic, chemical and direct
      binding measurements demonstrate that the BG185 protein exhibits properties
      similar to the wild-type repressor-inducer complex. Kinetic measurements of
      inducer binding to BG185 repressor yielded rate constants that were more than two
      orders of magnitude smaller than those observed for wild-type repressor; these
      results suggest that the structural transitions required for inducer binding are
      markedly impaired by the mutation. The fluorescence spectral shift in response to
      inducer binding was identical for mutant and wild-type proteins. This identity
      indicates direct effects of inducer binding on the tryptophan(s) near the sugar
      binding site rather than environmental changes consequent to conformational
      shifts. Analogy to the bacterial sugar binding proteins suggest that the Ala to
      Val change at position 81 in BG185 repressor yields a molecule that is fixed in a
      closed, sugar-binding conformation.

PMID- 3892018
TI  - The 1.8 A structure of the complex between chymostatin and Streptomyces griseus
      protease A. A model for serine protease catalytic tetrahedral intermediates.
AB  - The naturally occurring serine protease inhibitor, chymostatin, forms a
      hemiacetal adduct with the catalytic Ser195 residue of Streptomyces griseus
      protease A. Restrained parameter least-squares refinement of this complex to 1.8
      A resolution has produced an R index of 0 X 123 for the 11,755 observed
      reflections. The refined distance of the carbonyl carbon atom of the aldehyde to
      O gamma of Ser195 is 1 X 62 A. Both the R and S configurations of the hemiacetal
      occur in equal populations, with the end result resembling the expected
      configuration for a covalent tetrahedral product intermediate of a true
      substrate. This study strengthens the concept that serine proteases stabilize a
      covalent, tetrahedrally co-ordinated species and elaborates those features of the
      enzyme responsible for this effect. We propose that a major driving force for the
      hydrolysis of peptide bonds by serine proteases is the non-planar distortion of
      the scissile bond by the enzyme, which thereby lowers the activation energy
      barrier to hydrolysis by eliminating the resonance stabilization energy of the
      peptide bond.

PMID- 3892019
TI  - Analysis of the metal-induced conformational change in myosin with a monoclonal
      antibody to light chain two.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody capable of detecting a conformational change in myosin
      light chain two (LC2) was characterized in detail. The antibody was shown to bind
      only to myosin LC2 when tested against fast skeletal myosin (chicken pectoralis
      muscle). With cardiac or slow muscle myosins, the antibody exclusively recognized
      their first light chains (LC1). Staining of myofibrils by the monoclonal antibody
      could be observed only after their irreversible denaturation by acetone or
      ethanol, or after incubation of the myofibrils in divalent metal chelators. This
      latter effect was shown to be fully reversible. The metal effect was independent
      of ionic strength although the affinity of the antibody for myosin was depressed
      at high salt concentrations. Similar metal effects were detected in the binding
      of antibody to cardiac or slow myosins. Neither the metal nor the ionic strength
      related inhibition of antibody binding were detected with denatured myosin. The
      antibody binding site overlaps one of the alpha-chymotryptic sites in LC2
      protected by divalent metals. Electron microscopic observations of myosin
      antibody complexes demonstrated that the antibody binding site is located near
      the head-rod junction of myosin. Since the binding site of this monoclonal
      antibody has been mapped by recombinant DNA methods to the junction of the first
      alpha-helical domain with the calcium binding site of LC2, the location of the
      calcium binding site must also be located near the head-tail junction of myosin.
      A model for conformational changes at the myosin head-tail junction is proposed
      to account for the metal-induced blockage of antibody binding and the inhibition
      of alpha-chymotryptic digestion of LC2.

PMID- 3892020
TI  - Location of the SH group of the alkali light chain on the myosin head as revealed
      by electron microscopy.
AB  - The location of the single cysteinyl residue of the alkali light chain on the
      myosin head was determined by electron microscopy. The cysteinyl residue of
      isolated alkali light chain 2 was biotinylated and the light chain was exchanged
      with that of heavy meromyosin in 4.7 M-NH4Cl. Avidin was attached to the biotin
      in the heavy meromyosin and the complex was rotary shadowed and observed in the
      electron microscope. The distance from the head-rod junction to the centre of
      avidin was 8(+/- 3) nm (mean value +/- standard deviation: n = 105).

PMID- 3892021
TI  - Comparative deposition of inhaled aerosols in experimental animals and humans: a
      review.
AB  - The biological effects of inhaled aerosols are often related to their site(s) of
      deposition within the respiratory tract. However, deposition patterns may differ
      between humans and those experimental animals commonly used in inhalation
      toxicology studies, making cross-species risk extrapolations difficult. This
      paper reviews the factors that control deposition and synthesizes much of the
      available data on comparative regional deposition.

PMID- 3892022
TI  - Inhibition of DNA synthesis by chromium compounds.
AB  - Cr(VI) irreversibly inhibited DNA synthesis in cultured mouse L cells to 50% of
      controls at 10 microM; 3.3 mM Cr(III) did not. At 0.3 mM, Cr(III) and Cr(VI)
      inhibited DNA synthesis in permeabilized L cells to 50% of control values.
      Cr(III) was a stronger inhibitor of DNA synthesis in the DNA-Escherichia coli DNA
      polymerase I system than was Cr(VI). The inhibitory effect of Cr(VI) depended on
      the ratio of Cr/DNA and Cr/enzyme; on the other hand, the increase in the
      concentration of DNA polymerase did not affect the inhibition of Cr(III),
      Cr(III), below the inhibitory concentration, produced an increase in the
      incorporation of [3H]dTMP into DNA; this was not observed with Cr(VI).

PMID- 3892023
TI  - Immune response to BCG vaccination in children.

PMID- 3892024
TI  - Fetal limb volume: a new parameter to assess fetal growth and nutrition.
AB  - Fetal growth and nutrition were evaluated using measurements of the subcutaneous
      tissues of the arm and leg to calculate limb volume. Arm measurements included
      transverse and anteroposterior arm thicknesses and subcutaneous tissue thickness;
      leg measurements included lengths and thicknesses of the humerus and femur,
      transverse and anteroposterior thigh thickness, and thigh subcutaneous tissue
      thickness. Volumes were calculated using equations with both circular and
      elliptical perimeters. Limb volume was found to be strongly correlated with
      gestational age, and may be a possible predictive factor of intrauterine growth
      retardation.

PMID- 3892025
TI  - Umbilical vein thrombosis: sonographic detection in utero.
AB  - Umbilical vein thrombosis is associated with a high perinatal mortality and is
      seen most often with compression, torsion, stricture, or hematoma of the
      umbilical cord. Three cases of umbilical vein thrombosis detected on obstetrical
      ultrasound scans performed for suspected fetal demise are presented.

PMID- 3892026
TI  - Ultrasound fetal thigh-calf circumferences and gestational age--independent fetal
      ratios in normal pregnancy.
AB  - The growth of the sonographically measured fetal thigh and fetal calf
      circumferences was studied during normal pregnancy. The normal range of fetal
      thigh and fetal calf circumferences for each week of pregnancy was determined
      from 20 to 41 weeks. The ratios of the ultrasonically measured fetal femur length
      to thigh circumference (expressed as femur length/thigh circumference X 100) and
      fetal tibia length to calf circumference (expressed as tibia length/calf
      circumference X 100) were also determined. These ratios were found to be
      relatively constant, with normal ranges after 20 weeks of 51.8 +/- 7.8 and 57.6
      +/- 9.4 (mean +/- 2SD) respectively. The applications of these new fetal
      parameters in the evaluation of abnormal fetal growth patterns are discussed. It
      is suggested that these ratios should be used in evaluating fetal growth in high
      risk patients who present late in pregnancy with unknown dates.

PMID- 3892027
TI  - Evidence of contralateral ovulation in ectopic pregnancy.
AB  - Patients with an ectopic pregnancy were studied for documentation of the site of
      ovulation in order to determine the frequency with which controlateral ovulation
      and ovum transport occurs. Analysis of data on 135 patients in whom the site of
      ovulation was documented at the time of surgery and on 24 patients who were
      studied ultrasonically before surgery indicates that contralateral ovulation and
      ovum transport occurs in at least a third of ovulatory events.

PMID- 3892028
TI  - Ultrasound detection of unusual spontaneous portosystemic shunts associated with
      uncomplicated portal hypertension.
AB  - Seven cases of unusual spontaneous portosystemic shunts observed by
      ultrasonography in the last 8 months are reported, including cases of coronary
      vein varicocele and patent umbilical vein; two cases of spleno-retroperitoneal
      anastomosis; omphalo-ilio-caval anastomosis; superior mesenteric vein-inferior
      vena cava anastomosis; spleno-renal anastomosis; and spleno-portal anastomosis
      and anastomosis from the splenic vein to the abdominal wall. One of these
      collateral vessels was also analyzed by pulsed Doppler flowmetry. The patients
      were either cirrhotic or had pre-hepatic portal hypertension (resulting from
      chronic pancreatitis) and gave no history of gastrointestinal bleeding or
      ascites. Two of these patients had previously undergone surgery for problems
      associated with cholestasis. In both cases, presurgical sonographic studies were
      used to guide the surgical procedures in the hope of preserving the anomalous
      connections. Furthermore, ultrasound detection of spontaneous portosystemic
      shunts was an important factor in interpreting the clinical symptoms of these
      patients.

PMID- 3892029
TI  - Congenital portosystemic shunt diagnosed by combined real-time and Doppler
      sonography.

PMID- 3892030
TI  - Sonography of emphysematous cystitis.

PMID- 3892031
TI  - Sonographic diagnosis of simultaneous intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 3892032
TI  - Sonographic detection of fetal hydrometrocolpos.

PMID- 3892033
TI  - The random measurement of the transverse diameter of the fetal heart: a potential
      source of error.
AB  - In a recent report it was suggested that the transverse diameter of the fetal
      heart measured randomly during the cardiac cycle from the real-time image was
      useful in predicting congenital heart disease (Jeanty P, Romero R, Cantraine F,
      et al: Fetal cardiac dimensions: a potential tool for the diagnosis of congenital
      heart disease. J Ultrasound Med 3:359, 1984). Comparing the above approach with M
      mode measurements at end-diastole and end-systole suggests that random
      measurement of the transverse diameter is not appropriate for fetal
      cardiovascular evaluation because it could predict over 40 per cent of normal
      fetuses to have an "abnormally" increased cardiac dimension.

PMID- 3892034
TI  - Ultrasound evaluation of the normal fetal upper airway and esophagus.
AB  - Because congenital anomalies of the fetal neck may alter the normal anatomy of
      the upper airway, a prospective evaluation of the fetal trachea, hypopharynx, and
      esophagus was undertaken in 50 consecutive fetuses of 18 to 38 menstrual weeks.
      The cervical trachea was visualized in 47 of 50 fetuses (94 per cent) and had an
      average internal diameter of 2.6 mm with a range of 2 to 4 mm. The average
      diameter of the hypopharynx was 5.5 mm on parasagittal section (range 4-8 mm) and
      7.1 mm when imaged in the coronal plane (range 4-10 mm). The configuration of the
      fetal hypopharynx and larynx varied with fetal respiration and swallowing in a
      characteristic manner. In no case was a persistent fluid collection observed in
      the region of the cervical esophagus, suggesting that the fetal esophagus is
      collapsed in the resting state.

PMID- 3892036
TI  - Congenital short femur: prenatal sonographic diagnosis.

PMID- 3892035
TI  - Hepatic oil embolism following lymphangiography.

PMID- 3892037
TI  - Sonographic demonstration of a pelvic fibromyxoma.

PMID- 3892038
TI  - Real-time ultrasound diagnosis of cardiac fibroma in a neonate.

PMID- 3892039
TI  - Varices: a cause of focal gallbladder wall thickening.

PMID- 3892040
TI  - In utero sonographic diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage.

PMID- 3892042
TI  - Ultrasound imaging of inferior vena cava thrombosis.

PMID- 3892041
TI  - A partial uterine perforation (type 2) by a copper-T IUD: sonographic diagnosis
      and management.

PMID- 3892043
TI  - Pathways of the early propagation of virulent and avirulent rabies strains from
      the eye to the brain.
AB  - Penetration of the central nervous system of the adult rat by the CVS strain of
      rabies virus and its two avirulent derivatives Av01 and Av02 has been studied by
      inoculation of the virus into the anterior chamber of the eye. The primary sites
      of penetration of CVS were (i) the intraocular parasympathetic oculomotor fibers,
      (ii) the retinopetal fibers of pretectal origin, and (iii) the intraocular fibers
      of the ophthalmic nerve. The mutant strains, however, lost the capacity to invade
      the two former groups of fibers, although their penetration into the trigeminal
      system was not impaired. Neither strain CVS nor the mutants infected primarily
      the intraocular adrenergic terminals and the optic nerve. Mutant strains, but not
      CVS, were able to infect the lens. These results indicate that the cholinergic
      receptor may not be the only receptor for rabies virus and that rabies virus is
      conveyed in the nervous system by retrograde axoplasmic flow. Strain CVS spread
      throughout the brain and propagated eventually back to the retina. The mutants
      penetrated the brain as well, but the infection was slow, involved different
      cerebral structures, and cleared up completely in 3 weeks, probably because of an
      efficient immune response.

PMID- 3892045
TI  - Traumatic amputation of the left lower renal pole in children.
AB  - Four children between 5 and 10 years old suffered traumatic amputation of the
      left lower renal pole following flank trauma. All patients were evaluated with
      excretory urography and isotope renography. The renal scan clearly demonstrated
      failure of perfusion of the lower renal pole and urinary extravasation, and was
      believed to be more valuable than the standard excretory urogram as a diagnostic
      tool. All children were managed similarly: delayed (72 to 96 hours) exploration,
      simple removal of the amputated segment and insertion of a Penrose drain. They
      all have done well. The patients were normotensive at followup and had excellent
      function of the remaining portion of the kidney.

PMID- 3892044
TI  - Long-term treatment of calcium nephrolithiasis with potassium citrate.
AB  - The long-term effects of potassium citrate therapy (usually 20 mEq. 3 times daily
      during 1 to 4.33 years) were examined in 89 patients with hypocitraturic calcium
      nephrolithiasis or uric acid lithiasis, with or without calcium nephrolithiasis.
      Hypocitraturia caused by renal tubular acidosis or chronic diarrheal syndrome was
      associated with other metabolic abnormalities, such as hypercalciuria or
      hyperuricosuria, or occurred alone. Potassium citrate therapy caused a sustained
      increase in urinary pH and potassium, and restored urinary citrate to normal
      levels. No substantial or significant changes occurred in urinary uric acid,
      oxalate, sodium or phosphorus levels, or total volume. Owing to these
      physiological changes, uric acid solubility increased, urinary saturation of
      calcium oxalate decreased and the propensity for spontaneous nucleation of
      calcium oxalate was reduced to normal. Therefore, the physicochemical environment
      of urine following treatment became less conducive to the crystallization of
      calcium oxalate or uric acid, since it stimulated that of normal subjects without
      stones. Commensurate with the aforementioned physiological and physicochemical
      changes the treatment produced clinical improvement, since individual stone
      formation decreased in 97.8 per cent of the patients, remission was obtained in
      79.8 per cent and the need for surgical treatment of newly formed stones was
      eliminated. In patients with relapse after other treatment, such as thiazide, the
      addition of potassium citrate induced clinical improvement. Thus, our study
      provides physiological, physicochemical and clinical validation for the use of
      potassium citrate in the treatment of hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis and
      uric acid lithiasis with or without calcium nephrolithiasis.

PMID- 3892046
TI  - Renal cell carcinoma with intracaval tumor thrombus extending to the diaphragm:
      ultrasonography and surgical management.
AB  - We describe the successful management of a patient with intracaval extension of
      renal cell carcinoma to the level of the diaphragm. Ultrasonography delineated
      clearly the upper extent of the tumor thrombus and revealed no invasion of the
      vena caval wall at or above the entrance of the main hepatic veins. To prevent
      severe hypotension caused by intrapericardial control of the inferior vena cava,
      the aorta was clamped temporarily just above the celiac axis. The tumor was
      removed completely en bloc with the thrombus. Blood loss was minimal and the
      patient recovered promptly.

PMID- 3892047
TI  - Quantitative analysis of the A, B and H isoantigens in single transitional
      carcinoma cells.
AB  - To obtain objective data on deletion of the ABH isoantigens in bladder carcinoma,
      microfluorometry was used. Slides were scanned in phase contrast to lessen fading
      of the immuno- or lectin-fluorescence stained cells. The fluorescence intensity
      was measured in relation to an external uranyl standard. Staining was most
      intense in the peripheral and cytoplasmic parts of the cells. The intra specimen
      fluorescence intensity varied as 1 to 10. In nondeleted cell populations
      fluorescence intensity means ranged from 1025 to 12,550 and in deleted
      populations from 304 to 510. Microfluorometry accurately separates deleted cell
      populations from those with a normal ABH antigen content.

PMID- 3892048
TI  - Role of renal venous renins in the diagnosis and management of renovascular
      hypertension.

PMID- 3892049
TI  - The use of bacillus Calmette-Guerin in the therapy of bladder carcinoma in situ.
AB  - Intravesical instillations of Tice strain bacillus Calmette-Guerin were given to
      33 patients with biopsy proved carcinoma in situ. An induction phase consisting
      of 12 weekly instillations was followed by a maintenance phase of instillations
      bimonthly for 3 months and then monthly for 18 months. A total of 6 patients did
      not complete the induction phase because of adverse reactions but 4 were rendered
      free of tumor and have had no recurrence. Of the remaining 27 patients 18 became
      free of tumor after 12 weeks of therapy (3 had recurrences during the maintenance
      period), 6 after 18 weeks (with 1 recurrence) and 3 after 24 weeks. Thus, 31 of
      33 patients (94 per cent) were rendered free of carcinoma in situ. There were 4
      recurrences in these patients (13 per cent). The 27 patients who have remained
      free of disease have been followed for 1.75 to 8.5 years, with an average of 5.25
      years. Side effects, principally bladder irritability, were a problem early in
      the study. With the use of isoniazid, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and
      bladder antispasmodics, the treatment has been safe and tolerated well. The study
      indicates that bacillus Calmette-Guerin is effective in eliminating carcinoma in
      situ in most patients, although prolonged treatment may be necessary. Maintenance
      therapy appears to be of value in reducing the incidence of recurrent tumor.

PMID- 3892050
TI  - Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy for bladder cancer.
AB  - Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy has been found by a number of
      investigators to be effective in the treatment and prevention of superficial
      bladder cancer. While the optimal protocol for bacillus Calmette-Guerin remains
      to be determined, experience with 92 randomized and 30 nonrandomized (high risk)
      patients followed for up to 5 years provides information that may improve future
      protocols. Side effects of bacillus Calmette-Guerin are observed to increase with
      increasing frequency and duration of treatment. The protection from tumor
      recurrence has persisted: only 6 of 30 patients (20 per cent) treated with
      bacillus Calmette-Guerin have had recurrent tumor compared to 14 of 27 controls
      (52 per cent, p equals 0.008, chi-square test), and mean time to recurrence
      increased from 24 to 48 months (p less than 0.005, Savage). Skin test reactivity
      to purified protein derivative is particularly useful in predicting response to
      bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy. Currently, 60 patients have been
      randomized to receive bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy and only 1 of 22
      patients (4.5 per cent) in whom the purified protein derivative skin test results
      converted from negative to positive has had recurrent tumor, compared to 12
      recurrences (32 per cent) in patients whose skin tests were positive before
      treatment or failed to convert following treatment (p equals 0.014, chi-square).
      Seven recurrences (33 per cent) developed in 21 patients whose skin tests
      remained negative (p equals 0.015) and 5 recurrences (29 per cent) developed in
      17 patients whose tests previously were positive (p equals 0.068, Fisher's test,
      not significant). The benefit of percutaneous bacillus Calmette-Guerin is
      suggested by the observations that the recurrence rate in patients treated with
      intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin alone is 40 per cent, and all 7 patients
      whose purified protein derivative skin tests were negative continued to have
      negative results when percutaneous bacillus Calmette-Guerin was omitted (p equals
      0.003). Among high risk patients a marked decrease in or complete prevention of
      recurrent tumor was observed in 82 per cent of 22 patients treated previously
      with chemotherapy and 11 of 14 (78 per cent) with carcinoma in situ have had a
      complete response.

PMID- 3892051
TI  - Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy for superficial bladder cancer:
      effect of bacillus Calmette-Guerin viability on treatment results.
AB  - We treated 40 patients with superficial bladder cancer via intravesical bacillus
      Calmette-Guerin for 1) prophylaxis against tumor recurrence, 2) residual
      carcinoma or 3) flat carcinoma in situ. A single course of intravesical bacillus
      Calmette-Guerin therapy was successful in 6 of 11 patients (55 per cent) treated
      for residual carcinoma and 6 of 12 (50 per cent) treated for carcinoma in situ.
      Of 17 patients receiving a single course of bacillus Calmette-Guerin for
      prophylaxis 11 remained free of tumor during short-term followup. A second course
      of therapy was administered to failures in each treatment category, which
      resulted in favorable responses in 5 of 6 patients treated for prophylaxis, 2 of
      5 treated for residual tumor and 3 of 6 treated for carcinoma in situ. Over-all
      complete responses were achieved in 16 of 17 patients (94 per cent) treated for
      prophylaxis, 8 of 11 (73 per cent) for residual carcinoma and 8 of 12 (66 per
      cent) for carcinoma in situ, with a mean followup from the final treatment of
      9.3, 12.3 and 7.9 months, respectively. Favorable results occurred more
      frequently among patients who exhibited a granulomatous inflammatory response in
      the bladder and delayed hypersensitivity skin test response to purified protein
      derivative. Marked variability in viability of bacillus Calmette-Guerin organisms
      was observed among different lots of bacillus Calmette-Guerin, and a direct
      relationship was observed between bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine viability and
      therapeutic efficacy. Most patients who failed initial therapy with a low
      viability lot of bacillus Calmette-Guerin responded favorably to re-treatment
      with a higher viability lot. The results suggest that the level of viability of
      each lot of bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine should be verified before clinical
      use.

PMID- 3892052
TI  - Comparison of the diuretic renogram and the pressure perfusion study in children.
AB  - We evaluated 42 hydronephrotic kidneys with diuretic renography and pressure
      perfusion studies to diagnose or exclude the presence of obstruction. Both
      studies were highly accurate but a small number of false positive and false
      negative studies were observed with each testing modality. The advantages,
      disadvantages and potential sources of inaccuracy of each study are discussed,
      and a protocol for the evaluation of hydronephrosis incorporating both studies is
      proposed.

PMID- 3892053
TI  - Accuracy of carotid Doppler peak frequency analysis: results determined by
      receiver operating characteristic curves and likelihood ratios.
AB  - To determine the accuracy of peak Doppler frequency measurements in the diagnosis
      of extracranial carotid arterial disease and to apply the results to the
      assessment of the individual patient, 397 studies of continuous-wave Doppler
      frequency analysis were compared with the results of arteriography. The
      diagnostic accuracy of the measurement of peak frequency was determined in two
      ways. First, receiver operator characteristic curves were calculated for
      different threshold levels of peak frequency. The results showed that the
      measurement of the peak frequency can be related in only an approximate way to
      the severity of the arteriographic stenosis because of the uncertainty of the
      probe-to-vessel angle. Nevertheless, the overall maximum diagnostic accuracy was
      approximately 91% (Kappa = 0.82 +/- 0.05). Second, likelihood ratios were
      calculated to take into account the degree of abnormality of the peak frequency
      measurements. The probability of carotid disease increased as the peak frequency
      increased, giving likelihood ratio ranges from 0.03 to 25.71. To be able to apply
      the peak frequency measurements to the assessment of the individual patient in
      the vascular laboratory, our results were used to construct tables that show the
      posttest probability of carotid disease based on the clinically estimated pretest
      probability of disease and the measured peak frequency. It is concluded that the
      measurement of peak Doppler frequency is an adjunct in the diagnosis of carotid
      artery disease.

PMID- 3892054
TI  - Aneurysm of aberrant subclavian artery with a review of the literature.
AB  - Aneurysms arising in an aberrant subclavian artery are rare but constitute a
      potentially lethal condition that can be treated successfully when appropriately
      identified. Virtually all patients have a superior mediastinal mass that may be
      asymptomatic, but usually patients have symptoms of dysphagia, chest pain, or
      shortness of breath. An accurate diagnosis can now be made noninvasively with
      computerized tomography. The presence of an aneurysm of an anomalous subclavian
      artery is an indication for surgical resection. Resection of the aneurysm may be
      approached through either a right or left thoracotomy. Reestablishment of
      continuity of flow to the right subclavian artery decreases the risk of ischemia
      of the extremities and prevents development of the subclavian steal syndrome.
      Reestablishment of flow to the right subclavian artery is more easily performed
      through a right thoracotomy incision but this approach limits control of the
      aorta at a possibly treacherous connection between aorta and aneurysm. In such
      circumstances a preliminary extra-anatomic reconstitution of flow to the right
      subclavian artery followed by a left thoracotomy may be preferable. A 67-year-old
      woman is described who had resection and grafting of an aneurysm in an aberrant
      right subclavian artery together with a review of the literature and a discussion
      of problems in the management of patients with this condition.

PMID- 3892055
TI  - Comparison of duplex scanning and contrast arteriography: a community hospital
      experience.
AB  - In this study the results of ultrasonic scanning combined with spectral analysis
      (duplex scanning) are compared with contrast arteriograms. From an initial
      experience of more than 1000 duplex examinations 78 patients were identified who
      had independently interpreted carotid arteriograms within 1 month of their duplex
      study. Duplex and arteriogram reports were then compared on 156 individual
      carotid arteries. This study demonstrated that duplex scanning can identify
      hemodynamically significant carotid lesions with a high degree of accuracy. These
      lesions of greater than 50% diameter reduction were recognized with a sensitivity
      and specificity of 95%, compared with contrast radiography. We were also able to
      distinguish carotid occlusion with an accuracy of 93% (10 of 11). These results
      independently confirm the findings of other investigators and demonstrate the
      validity of duplex scanning in a community hospital as an accurate noninvasive
      examination in cerebral vascular disease.

PMID- 3892056
TI  - Renal transplant perfusion during aortoiliac aneurysmectomy.
AB  - Aortic surgery in recipients of renal transplants requires a method of
      maintaining intraoperative graft perfusion. A case is presented in which a
      temporary shunt from the suprarenal aorta to the ipsilateral common femoral
      artery was used to perfuse a renal transplant during aortoiliac aneurysmectomy.
      Other methods of renal graft perfusion are discussed.

PMID- 3892057
TI  - A lasting legacy: the life and work of Rudolph Matas.

PMID- 3892058
TI  - Antietileptics: age-old search for effective therapy continues.

PMID- 3892059
TI  - The teaching hospital's growing surgical caseload.
AB  - A competitive marketplace potentially creates new pressures for teaching
      hospitals. To assess possible trends in teaching hospitals' caseload, we studied
      surgical utilization in 1972 and 1981 using two national data sets. The
      percentage of total patients hospitalized for surgery increased in teaching
      hospitals between 1972 and 1981. Nonteaching hospitals adopted several new
      procedures, such as hip arthroplasty. However, increased volume attributable to
      the spread of procedures to additional hospitals was small when compared with
      volume increases experienced by hospitals that performed these procedures in
      1972. Teaching hospitals' caseloads grew for well-established surgical procedures
      such as cholecystectomy, delivery, and mastectomy and for newer, high-technology
      procedures such as hip arthroplasty and coronary artery surgery. Overall surgical
      case complexity was relatively high in teaching hospitals in 1972, and the
      disparity with nonteaching hospitals increased during the decade. Distribution of
      surgical patients by payment source varied appreciably among surgical procedures,
      but not among hospitals by teaching status. Teaching hospitals were successful in
      attracting patients from 1972 to 1981; however, several new pressures are
      emerging that should be watched.

PMID- 3892060
TI  - Screening for renovascular hypertension. Is renal digital-subtraction angiography
      the preferred noninvasive test?

PMID- 3892061
TI  - Monet's cataracts.

PMID- 3892062
TI  - The changing indications for excretory urography.

PMID- 3892063
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Fatal degenerative neurologic disease in patients who
      received pituitary-derived human growth hormone.

PMID- 3892064
TI  - LHRH.

PMID- 3892065
TI  - Caustic burns from contact with wet cement.
AB  - Cement is a widely used mixture in construction. A corrosive alkali, calcium
      hydroxide, is liberated as water is added to the lime present in the cement
      mixture. Skin contact for prolonged periods produces deep chemical burns with
      thick eschar formation. Five cases of chemical burns to the lower extremities
      following contact with the cement mixture are presented. When full-thickness
      burns were present, long periods of hospitalization were necessary for eschar
      separation prior to skin grafting. Early excision of full-thickness caustic burns
      with immediate skin grafting diminished the length of hospitalization and
      returned the patient to work sooner.

PMID- 3892066
TI  - Landmark article May 13, 1950: Prevention of rheumatic fever. Treatment of the
      preceding streptococcic infection. By Floyd W. Denny, Lewis W. Wannamaker,
      William R. Brink, Charles H. Rammelkamp Jr. and Edward A. Custer.

PMID- 3892067
TI  - Landmark perspective: The rise and fall of rheumatic fever.

PMID- 3892068
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Pertussis--Washington, 1984.

PMID- 3892069
TI  - Hiroshima and ourselves.

PMID- 3892070
TI  - Physicians confront the apocalypse. The American medical profession and the
      threat of nuclear war.

PMID- 3892071
TI  - The medical profession and nuclear war. A social history.
AB  - Since World War II, individual physicians and medical organizations in the United
      States have cooperated with the federal government in preparing for nuclear war.
      While most physicians have maintained a neutral stance, a minority have resisted
      federal policies. Health professionals participated actively at the wartime
      laboratories that developed the atomic bomb and in the medical research that
      followed Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Professional organizations helped with civil
      defense planning for nuclear conflict during the Cold War of the late 1950s and
      early 1960s. Medical resistance to nuclear war began in the same period, gained
      wide attention with the growth of Physicians for Social Responsibility in the
      early 1960s, declined during the Vietnam War, and vastly increased in the early
      1980s. Activism by health professionals usually has responded to government
      policies that have increased the perceived risk of nuclear conflict. The recent
      return of civil defense planning has stimulated opposition in medical circles.
      Ambiguities of medical professionalism limit the scope of activism in the nuclear
      arena. These ambiguities concern the interplay of organized medicine and
      government, tensions between science and politics, and the difficulties of day-to
      day work in medicine while the arms race continues.

PMID- 3892072
TI  - Prescriptions for peace in a nuclear age.

PMID- 3892073
TI  - Disease-specific amino acid infusion (F080) in hepatic encephalopathy: a
      prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.
AB  - Seventy-five patients with acute hepatic decompensation superimposed on chronic
      alcoholic cirrhosis were prospectively randomized for a blinded trial of the
      treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. The control group received 4 g of enteral
      neomycin daily along with 25% dextrose by a central venous catheter. The
      experimental group received a placebo resembling neomycin and isocaloric dextrose
      plus a modified amino acid mixture enriched with branched-chain amino acids to
      36% and deficient in aromatic amino acids and methionine. Thirty patients in the
      F080 group and 29 in the control group completed the trial. The group receiving
      the modified amino acid mixture demonstrated a statistically significant
      improvement in encephalopathy as compared to the neomycin group, while
      maintaining nitrogen equilibrium. Survival and discharge from the hospital were
      statistically greater in the group treated with the modified amino acid solution
      and hypertonic dextrose. Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in the presence of
      hepatic decompensation with an amino acid solution formulated for its treatment
      seems to produce faster, more complete recovery with improved capacity for
      nutritional support.

PMID- 3892074
TI  - [Spinal anesthesia: significance for the addition of vasoconstrictors].

PMID- 3892075
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies on BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin)
      granules in the pediatric field].
AB  - BRL 25000 is a preparation comprising 2 parts of amoxicillin (AMPC) to 1 part of
      clavulanic acid (CVA). Basic and clinical studies have been performed on BRL
      25000 granules in the pediatric field. The antibacterial activities of BRL 25000
      and AMPC against 48 strains of E. coli isolated from patients with urinary tract
      infections were studied. The MICs of BRL 25000 were all below 100 micrograms/ml,
      except for 1 strain with MIC greater than or equal to 800 micrograms/ml. However,
      19 strains (40%) were resistant to AMPC, with MICs more than 800 micrograms/ml.
      BRL 25000 granules were administered to 23 children with bacterial infections and
      the clinical response was assessed as excellent in 10, good in 9, fair in 3, poor
      in 1, giving an overall efficacy rate of 83% (19/23). Isolated organisms were
      eradicated in 12 out of the 16 strains which were evaluated bacteriologically.
      Changes in intestinal bacterial flora following administration of BRL 25000
      granules were studied in several children and decreases in flora were observed in
      some cases. No severe side effects were observed although three seemed to be a
      slightly higher incidence of diarrhea than with other drugs.

PMID- 3892076
TI  - [Experimental and clinical trials of BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin)
      granules in the field of pediatrics].
AB  - MICs of BRL 25000, a combination of a newly developed beta-lactamase inhibitor
      CVA and AMPC in the ratio of 1 to 2, were determined against a number of
      bacterial strains and compared with those of AMPC, CVA, CEX and CCL. The 98
      bacterial strains tested included 2-S. aureus, 23-H. influenzae, 25-E. coli, 22
      K. pneumoniae and 26-P. mirabilis. In pharmacokinetic studies, BRL 25000 medium
      granules were administered to groups of 3 male subjects, aged between 7 years 8
      months and 9 years 5 months, at doses of 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg, 2 hours after a
      meal. The resultant serum and urine concentrations and drug recoveries were
      measured. Furthermore, BRL 25000 was administered to a total 43 patients (2
      pharyngitis, 8-tonsillitis, 3-bronchitis, 2-pneumonia and 28-urinary tract
      infection) whom clinically evaluable. An average daily dosage of 45.3 mg/kg was
      given, in 3 or 4 divided doses, for a period of 8 days on average. Clinical and
      bacteriological effects as well as side effects were studied. In the
      microbiological studies on 98 clinical strains, including beta-lactamase negative
      bacteria, BRL 25000 showed MICs against the Gram-positive cocci (2-S. aureus)
      superior to the other 4 drugs at inoculum sizes of 10(8) and 10(6) cells/ml. For
      the Gram-negative bacilli, against H. influenzae at inoculum sizes of 10(8) and
      10(6) cells/ml, BRL 25000 was inferior in the small MIC range but superior in the
      large MIC range to AMPC, and was superior to the other 3 drugs. Against E. coli
      at an inoculum of 10(8) cells/ml, BRL 25000 showed antibacterial activity next to
      AMPC and CCL whilst at an inoculum of 10(6) cells/ml, it was inferior in the
      small MIC range but superior in the large MIC range to AMPC and CEX and was
      inferior to CCL but superior to CVA. Against K. pneumoniae at an inoculum of
      10(8) cells/ml, BRL 25000 was equal to AMPC, CVA and CEX but inferior to CCL,
      whilst at an inoculum of 10(6) cells/ml, it was inferior to CCL but superior to
      the other 3 drugs. Against P. mirabilis at inoculum sizes of 10(8) and 10(6)
      cells/ml, BRL 25000 was inferior in the small MIC range but equal or superior in
      the large MIC range to AMPC, and was superior to CVA and CEX.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3892078
TI  - Central actions of circulating angiotensin II on the sympathetic nervous system
      and blood pressure control.
AB  - The effects of intravertebral artery infusions of [Sar1, Ile8] and [Sar1, Thr8]
      angiotensin II on the central nervous system were studied in furosemide-treated
      dogs anesthetized with alpha-chloralose. Acute administration of furosemide led
      to a significant increase in plasma renin activity, plasma noradrenaline levels
      and heart rate, and also to a slight rise of blood pressure. In the furosemide
      treated dogs, intravertebral artery infusion of either angiotensin II antagonist
      (250 ng/Kg/min, for 30 min) suppressed the furosemide-induced increases in plasma
      noradrenaline, heart rate and arterial blood pressure. The effects of [Sar1,
      Thr8] angiotensin II on the last two parameters were more pronounced than those
      of [Sar1, Ile8] angiotensin II. Intravenous infusion of the same dose of each
      antagonist had little influence on the furosemide-induced increases in arterial
      blood pressure, heart rate and plasma noradrenaline levels. These results suggest
      that the central actions of angiotensin II contribute to the regulation of blood
      pressure through the sympathetic nervous system.

PMID- 3892077
TI  - [Clinical trials of BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) granules on skin and
      soft tissue infections in the field of pediatrics].
AB  - BRL 25000 is a combination of a newly-developed beta-lactamase inhibitor
      clavulanic acid (CVA) and amoxicillin (AMPC) in the ratio of 1 to 2. The drug, as
      medium granules, was administered to a total of 92 pediatric patients, ranging in
      age from 1 month to 13 years and 2 months, with cutaneous/soft tissue infections
      (70 impetigo, 6 furuncle, 7 phlegmon, 6 abscess and 3 cases of lymphadenitis). It
      was found subsequently that 2 of the 70 impetigo cases had received topical
      antibiotic medication and these were excluded from clinical evaluation to give a
      total of 90 evaluable cases. The daily dosage of BRL 25000 ranged from 23.7 to
      75.0 mg/kg, given in 3 or 4 divided doses (average 48.5 mg/kg) and the duration
      of treatment was for 3 to 13 days (average 6 days). Clinical isolates of S.
      aureus from the above cases were examined for beta-lactamase production and their
      susceptibility determined to the 5 antibiotics BRL 25000, AMPC, CVA, cephalexin
      (CEX) and cefaclor (CCL). The drugs' clinical effects on the various diseases,
      bacteriological effects and side effects were also studied. At an inoculum of
      10(8) cells/ml, major MICs of BRL 25000, AMPC, CVA, CEX and CCL against 71
      strains of S. aureus, including beta-lactamase negative ones, were 3.13 mcg/ml,
      12.5 mcg/ml, 50 mcg/ml, 12.5 mcg/ml and 12.5 mcg/ml, accounting for 60.6, 38.0,
      49.3, 38.0 and 43.7% of the strains respectively, whilst at an inoculum of 10(6)
      cells/ml, major MICs were 1.56 mcg/ml, 3.13 mcg/ml, 25 mcg/ml, 6.25 mcg/ml and
      3.13 mcg/ml, accounting for 57.7, 33.8, 83.1, 50.7 and 54.9%, respectively. It
      was noted that all drugs tended to show smaller MIC values as the inoculum size
      was reduced to 10(6) cells/ml and that BRL 25000 showed the most potent
      antibacterial activity of all 5 drugs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3892079
TI  - [A case of simultaneous surgery for primary double cancer of the stomach and
      kidney].
AB  - A 46-year-old man had a general health check including an upper gastrointestinal
      series, gastric endoscopy and biopsy. He was diagnosed as advanced gastric cancer
      and hospitalized for surgery. Preoperative abdominal CT scan examination was
      performed, and a mass was incidentally detected in the left kidney. Further
      examination, ultrasound survey and selective renal angiography, confirmed a renal
      cancer. The patient had had no macroscopic or microscopic hematuria. Gastric
      resection with lymph node dissection and left nephrectomy were performed and then
      both cancers were radically removed. Pathologically, gastric cancer was poorly
      differentiated adenocarcinoma and renal cancer was carcinoma of the clear cell
      type.

PMID- 3892080
TI  - [Prostaglandins and related substances: their chemical structures, nomenclature
      and chemical characteristics].

PMID- 3892081
TI  - [Physiological and pharmacological action of prostaglandins and related
      substances on the nervous system].

PMID- 3892082
TI  - [Physiological and pharmacological actions of prostaglandins and related
      substances on the circulatory system].

PMID- 3892083
TI  - [Physiological and pharmacological actions of prostaglandins and related
      substances on the digestive system].

PMID- 3892084
TI  - [Physiological and pharmacological actions of prostaglandins and related
      substances: the kidney and prostaglandins].

PMID- 3892085
TI  - [Physiological and pharmacological actions of prostaglandins and related
      substances: blood cell differentiation and prostaglandins].

PMID- 3892086
TI  - [Physiological and pharmacological actions of prostaglandins and related
      substances: prostaglandins and estrus].

PMID- 3892087
TI  - [Physiological and pharmacological actions of prostaglandins and related
      substances: pregnancy and labor].

PMID- 3892088
TI  - [Analogs of prostaglandin-related substances and inhibitors of their synthesis
      and metabolism. Clinical application: cardiovascular diseases].

PMID- 3892089
TI  - [Analogs of prostaglandin-related substances and inhibitors of their formation
      and metabolism. Clinical application: digestive system diseases].

PMID- 3892090
TI  - [Analogs of prostaglandin-related substances and inhibitors of their formation
      and metabolism. Clinical application: respiratory diseases].

PMID- 3892091
TI  - [Analogs of prostaglandin-related substances and inhibitors of their formation
      and metabolism. Clinical application to the surgical field].

PMID- 3892092
TI  - [Analogs of prostaglandin-related substances and inhibitors of their formation
      and metabolism. Clinical application to the pediatric field--arteries and
      prostaglandins].

PMID- 3892093
TI  - [Progress in the technology of prostaglandin isolation and analysis
      (prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes)].

PMID- 3892094
TI  - [Progress in magnetic resonance image diagnosis].

PMID- 3892095
TI  - [Automated cytodiagnosis--present status and trends].

PMID- 3892096
TI  - [Development and clinical application of artificial kidney monitoring apparatus].

PMID- 3892097
TI  - [Significance of endoscopic hemostatic methods of local absolute ethanol
      injection for gastro-duodenal ulcer bleeding in the elderly].

PMID- 3892098
TI  - [Hypertension in the elderly: pathophysiological comparison between subjects with
      sustained hypertension and with transient hypertension on admission].

PMID- 3892099
TI  - [Application of shape memory alloys to the actuator of the artificial heart].

PMID- 3892100
TI  - A sensitive method for detection of blood group H substance in human saliva and
      semen using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

PMID- 3892101
TI  - [Purification of human plasma prorenin and molecular changes in its activation by
      proteolytic enzymes].

PMID- 3892102
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical evaluations of beta 2-microglobulin radioimmunoassay
      kit "SD-8567"].

PMID- 3892103
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies on the measurement of beta 2-microglobulin
      using Pharmacia beta 2-micro RIA].

PMID- 3892104
TI  - [Florence Nightingale].

PMID- 3892105
TI  - [Nightingale's pledge].

PMID- 3892106
TI  - Glial cells in culture of preretinal membrane of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
AB  - Nine preretinal membranes surgically obtained from seven patients with
      proliferative vitreoretinopathy were cultured in Eagle's minimal essential medium
      or RPMI 1640 medium, both with addition of 10% fetal bovine serum, in order to
      assess the proliferative capacity of the cells in the membrane. In addition,
      glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, protein specific for glial cells) was
      stained in the cultured cells, by the immunoperoxidase method (peroxidase
      antiperoxidase technique). Cellular outgrowth consisted of five types of cells;
      1) spindle-shaped cells, 2) flat round or polyhedral cells, 3) semilunar cells,
      4) stellate cells and 5) polygonal cells in close contact with each other and
      extending in monolayer. The spindle-shaped cells, the flat round or polyhedral
      cells, and the semilunar cells were dominant in all cases, and they showed
      vigorous proliferation and migration. Many of these cells were GFAP-positive,
      indicating their glial origin. The stellate cells were GFAP-positive, but they
      were few in number. The polygonal cells were near the explants and were GFAP
      negative; they were thought to be derived from the retinal pigment epithelial
      cells. It was confirmed that the glial cells are the major cellular component of
      the proliferative preretinal membrane, and that they show vigorous proliferative
      capacity. It may be concluded that the glial cells play the major role in the
      formation of the preretinal membrane in proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

PMID- 3892108
TI  - [Postwar activities of public health nurses. Activities in the confusion
      following the atomic bomb disaster. Ms Yoshiko Tokutomi of Hiroshima Prefecture.
      Interview by H Shimonishi, K Gokubo, H Takenaka, R Tomita, T Torio].

PMID- 3892107
TI  - Effect of chronic treatment of propranolol on lipid metabolism in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SHR).
AB  - The effects of propranolol on lipid metabolism were studied in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SHR). Male SHR and corresponding Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were
      used at 5 weeks of age. The SHR were given 10 mg/kg/day of dl-propranolol . HCl
      by gavage for 10 weeks. Body weight gain in untreated SHR and propranolol-treated
      SHR (SHR-P) groups were low, as compared with those of the WKY group. Total
      cholesterol, phospholipid and total lipid of the serum and liver in the SHR-P
      group were higher than in the SHR group. In the early weeks of treatment, serum
      triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid levels in the SHR-P group were
      slightly lower than those in the SHR group. Aortic lipid levels in the SHR-P
      group were lower than those in the SHR group. During the later weeks of
      treatment, blood glucose level in the SHR-P group was higher than in the SHR
      group. The serum immunoreactive insulin value in the SHR-P group was slightly
      lower than in the SHR group. These results may suggest that propranolol inhibits
      hormone-sensitive lipase activity in the early weeks of treatment and influences
      cholesterol biosynthesis and/or catabolism.

PMID- 3892109
TI  - [Postwar activities of public health nurses. Efforts with Florence Nightingale as
      a role model. Ms. Hisae Ito of Fukuoka Prefecture)].

PMID- 3892110
TI  - [Postwar activities of public health nurses. 40 years of public health nursing
      with sustained pride as one of the first graduates of the Prefectural Public
      Health Nursing School. Ms. Fusae Hirooka of Kagoshima Prefecture. Interview by E
      Ikegame, K Ishizaka].

PMID- 3892111
TI  - A review of injection sclerotherapy--the Cape Town experience.
AB  - Sclerotherapy is currently used to treat acute variceal bleeds and also in the
      long-term management after a variceal bleed. The technical variants and results
      of sclerotherapy in both settings are reviewed and compared with alternative
      surgical treatment options. Sclerotherapy has become an accepted therapy for
      acute variceal bleeding. In Cape Town it is used in combination with the
      Sengstaken tube. A preliminary analysis of an ongoing trial comparing a rigid
      scope technique with a fibreoptic scope technique provides support for the use of
      the rigid scope in acute variceal bleeding. The place of repeated sclerotherapy
      in long-term management has become controversial. Varices can be eradicated and
      repeated variceal bleeds markedly reduced, but its role in improving survival
      requires further clarification.

PMID- 3892112
TI  - Cyclosporin A effective therapy for fifty-two cadaver kidney recipients.
AB  - Fifty-two consecutive patients receiving cadaveric renal transplants were
      prescribed cyclosporin A and steroid therapy. Three of the recipients underwent
      re-transplantation and two of the patients were grafted with kidneys shipped from
      the United States. One year actuarial patient and graft survival rate with no
      exclusions were 94.2 percent and 81.6 percent, respectively, this rate being
      significantly better than results in case of the conventional combination of
      azathioprine, steroid and antilymphocyte globulin. The role of HLA-DR matching on
      cyclosporin A treatment was studied. One year actuarial graft survival rates of
      two HLA-DR matched and one HLA-DR matched were 91.7 percent and 78.9 percent,
      respectively. To assess the effects of cyclosporin A in the management of
      patients with acute tubular necrosis, the patients were divided into two groups,
      in terms of whether or not hemodialysis treatment was required for acute tubular
      necrosis. Although in the present protocol, cyclosporin A administration was
      begun before the operation, no significant differences in the graft survivals
      were evident between the two groups. Nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and other
      side-effects of cyclosporin A could usually be dealt with by dosage adjustments,
      making feasible the chronic ingestion of this agent. The exceptional
      effectiveness and safety of cyclosporin A were evident throughout these early
      trials.

PMID- 3892114
TI  - [Thymus and immunodeficiency disease--with special reference to transplantation
      of fetal thymus and cultured thymic epithelium].

PMID- 3892113
TI  - Significance of traumatology in abdominal and vascular surgery.
AB  - Frequency of polytrauma accounts for the numerous abdominal traumas. Abdominal
      injuries should be treated by an abdominal surgeon. Three hundred and seventy
      traumas of the abdomen were checked regarding other injuries and their
      percentages given. Mortality rate was 16.6 percent. The different steps of
      diagnosis are shown with special reference to intraperitoneal lavage and
      sonography. Frequency of possible organ injuries in patients at Gottingen Medical
      Center is noted and the special surgical care is explained. The importance and
      urgency of vascular injuries are discussed with reference to different types of
      arterial and venous injuries in the abdominal cavity and in retroperitoneal
      spaces.

PMID- 3892115
TI  - [BCG immunotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery in lung cancer. An analysis of
      lymphocyte subsets of the peripheral blood using monoclonal antibodies].

PMID- 3892116
TI  - [Randomized controlled study on adjuvant immunotherapy for unresectable lung
      cancer with Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton].

PMID- 3892117
TI  - [Transfer factor immunotherapy as an adjunct to surgery in lung cancer].

PMID- 3892118
TI  - [Localization of prostatic acid phosphatase in the prostatic tissue].

PMID- 3892120
TI  - [Evaluation of renal graft function using the deep body thermometer].

PMID- 3892119
TI  - [Surface markers on human testicular embryonal carcinoma cells].

PMID- 3892121
TI  - [Renal morphologic examination by ultrasonotomography:--ultrasonic evaluation of
      the kidney size and renal parenchymal echogenicity in normal subjects and
      patients with chronic renal failure].

PMID- 3892122
TI  - [Experimental study of renal hemodynamic response and renal venous PRA and PGE
      during acute elevation of unilateral renal pelvic pressure].

PMID- 3892123
TI  - Distribution of immunoglobulin-positive cells in the mucosal tissues of growing
      cats.

PMID- 3892124
TI  - Destruction of salmonellae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus
      inoculated into and onto beef during dry-oven roasting.

PMID- 3892125
TI  - CAMP test for presumptive differentiation of Corynebacterium renale and other
      bovine urinary corynebacteria.

PMID- 3892126
TI  - The birth of the boards.

PMID- 3892127
TI  - Changing concepts of public health.

PMID- 3892128
TI  - Infant survival: 1915-1985 & beyond.

PMID- 3892129
TI  - Kansas public health labs--1886-1985.

PMID- 3892130
TI  - [A histopathologic study of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in delayed
      type hypersensitive reaction of the lung].

PMID- 3892131
TI  - [Intracardiac shunts in children, adolescents and adults (personal data)].

PMID- 3892133
TI  - Accumulation of laminin and type IV collagen in the kidney in congenital
      nephrosis.
AB  - The aim of this study was to evaluate qualitatively the occurrence of the
      basement membrane proteins laminin and type IV collagen in the kidneys of ten
      infants with congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (CNF) aged from 3
      to 23 months and to compare the results with those for age-matched controls. A
      slow accumulation of basement membrane (BM) material occurred in the glomerular
      mesangium, the peripheral capillaries, around atrophied tubules, and the renal
      vessels in the course of the disease. The staining pattern of accumulated
      material depended on the duration of the disease and subsequent renal parenchymal
      damage. Young CNF patients with slight morphological changes in the kidney had
      only focal and minimal increases in the amounts of mesangial matrix, but as the
      disease advanced, so the BMs of the glomerular capillaries, renal arteries, and
      atrophied tubules also became involved and were thicker than normal. The staining
      reaction was in all patients similar with antibodies against the fragment P1 of
      laminin and the 7-S domain of type IV collagen. The accumulation of BM material
      in CNF kidneys is regarded as a secondary phenomenon induced by an unknown
      pathogenetic defect in the metabolism of some BM component.

PMID- 3892132
TI  - Distribution of the major histocompatibility complex antigens in human and rat
      kidney.
AB  - We have compared the distribution of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
      antigens in human and rat kidney using monospecific antisera to class I and II
      antigens of the MHC. FITC/TRITC double immunofluorescence was used to demonstrate
      these antigens in frozen sections and the Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I rosette
      assay on the cell surface. In both species, the MHC antigens were prominently
      present on the passenger leukocytes. Immunofluorescence analysis of human kidney
      demonstrated that the class I, beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m), and class II
      antigens were present in the vascular endothelial cells and class I antigens in
      the renal tubular cells. The Staphylococcus assay demonstrated that these
      antigens were also exposed on the respective cell surfaces. In clear contrast, in
      the rat, class I, the beta 2m, and class II antigens were absent from the kidney
      vascular endothelium of large vessels and intertubular capillaries; however,
      large amounts of class II antigens were seen inside the proximal renal tubular
      cells. The Staphylococcus assay indicated that none or very little of these
      antigens were exposed on the kidney parenchymal cell surface. These differences
      may explain why rat renal transplants are relatively non-immunogenic and easily
      accepted, whereas human renal transplant recipients must be immunosuppressed ad
      infinitum.

PMID- 3892135
TI  - [Pathogenetic significance of microbial sensitization of the body and the
      effectiveness of specific immunotherapy in postoperative adhesive disease].

PMID- 3892134
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of acellular glomeruli in nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - All cellular elements were extracted from portions of 13 renal biopsies performed
      for nephrotic syndrome and the acellular glomerular basement membrane (GBM)
      examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Five biopsy specimens did not
      contain subepithelial deposits by light microscopy (LM), immunofluorescence (IF),
      and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). SEM of the acellular GBM showed a
      uniform slightly granular surface identical to that previously reported for
      normal human GBM. Eight biopsy specimens contained subepithelial deposits by LM,
      IF, and TEM. SEM showed complete extraction of deposits and a spectrum of clearly
      visualized diffuse GBM alterations in response to subepithelial deposits. Shallow
      pits or indentations of the GBM were noted in two cases stage I MGN which
      correlated with numerous "pinholes" visualized by LM in tangential sections of
      the GBM on silver stain. A complex reticular pattern of GBM elaboration was
      observed in cases of stage II MGN corresponding to "spikes" visualized by LM on
      silver stain. SEM of glomeruli following cell extraction permits the first direct
      three-dimensional visualization of the GBM alterations occurring in various
      stages of subepithelial immune complex formation.

PMID- 3892136
TI  - [Vagotomy in the treatment of perforated gastroduodenal ulcers].

PMID- 3892137
TI  - [Surgical tactics in injuries of the rectum and colon].

PMID- 3892138
TI  - [Clinical prognosis and scientific foreknowledge in general and emergency
      surgery].

PMID- 3892139
TI  - [Reinfusion of blood in emergency surgery (review of the literature)].

PMID- 3892140
TI  - [On the 170th birthday of Prof. P.P. Zablotskii-Desiatovskii].

PMID- 3892141
TI  - [Protection of the brain during operations on the brachiocephalic vessels].

PMID- 3892142
TI  - [Doppler ultrasonics in the diagnosis of varicose veins of the lower limbs].

PMID- 3892143
TI  - [The 60th anniversary of the journal "Khirurgiia"].

PMID- 3892144
TI  - [Echography in the diagnosis and follow-up of pancreatic cysts].

PMID- 3892145
TI  - [Use of Bulgarian antibacterial polyamide mesh and antibacterial sutures in our
      own practice].

PMID- 3892146
TI  - [Terminology and classification problems in benign polyps of the large
      intestine].

PMID- 3892147
TI  - [Wound complications following abdominal operations and the reasons for their
      occurrence].

PMID- 3892148
TI  - [2 eminent physicians of Plovdiv State Hospital (Ivan Dragomirov and D.
      Mikhailovski)].

PMID- 3892149
TI  - [The Munich study on the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood
      (ALL 77-02)].
AB  - 149 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were admitted to a prospective
      therapeutic regime. Remission induction was achieved by vincristine,
      daunorubicine, L-asparaginase and prednisone. During consolidation the patients
      received three intermediate dose methotrexate (MTX) infusions over 24 hours
      combined with intrathecal MTX, followed by L-asparaginase. High-risk patients
      were treated in addition with high dose cyclophosphamide and ARA-C over 3 weeks.
      Standard risk patients received cranial irradiation with 18 Gy, high-risk
      patients with 24 Gy. Maintenance therapy was performed with 6-mercaptopurine and
      MTX orally. Immunologic phaenotyping revealed: c-ALL 73%, pre-T or T-ALL 15%, c/T
      ALL 4% and undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) 8%. Only 1 patient was nonresponder, 7
      patients died during induction therapy, 5 patients during continuous complete
      remission (CCR). 18 relapses occurred, 12 of which were systemic, 8 CNS and 2
      testicular relapses. In the total group the 54 months probability of CCR is 0,68
      +/- 0,05 (life-table-analysis), for the reduced group 0,75 +/- 0,05. In the
      reduced group the probability of CCR at 54 months for standard risk patients is
      0,86 +/- 0,06; for high-risk patients 0,60 +/- 0,09; for patients with c-ALL 0,73
      +/- 0,08; for patients with c/T-ALL 1,0 +/- 0,0; for patients with pre-T or T-ALL
      0,58 +/- 0,2 and for patients with AUL 0,45 +/- 0,25. For the reduced group the
      CCR probability at 54 months in relation to the leukocytes (WBC) at diagnosis is
      in patients with WBC less than 25 X 10(3)/mm3: 0,80 +/- 0,06; for patients with
      WBC greater than 25 X 10(3)/mm3: 0,63 +/- 0,11.

PMID- 3892150
TI  - [DNA aneuploidy in children with acute leukemia: II. Correlation with the
      phenotype of blasts, clinical picture and course of disease].
AB  - Analysis of the cellular DNA content was carried out in 162 children with ALL and
      34 children with AML admitted to the university children's hospital Munster
      between 1979 and 1984. DNA aneuploidies were identified at a similar frequency in
      ALL (40%) and AML (44%). However, the degree of DNA aneuploidies (DNA-index) was
      significantly lower in aneuploid AML (median 1.09) than in aneuploid ALL (median
      1.19). We found a significantly lower incidence of DNA-aneuploidies in T-ALL
      (3/21; 14%) as compared to non-T/non-B-ALL (60/137; 44%). No differences were
      found between children with and without DNA aneuploidy in PAS score and TdT
      activity. In non-T/non-B-ALL DNA aneuploidy is highly correlated with a long
      pretherapeutic history, with a low WBC and blast count and with a low serum LDH.
      Under the conditions of the ALL protocols BFM-79/81 and 81/83 no difference in
      the remission rate was found between the two patient groups. However, more
      relapses occurred so far within the group of children without DNS aneuploidy.

PMID- 3892152
TI  - MED1: an intelligent computer program for thoracic pain diagnosis.
AB  - MED1 is a fully implemented, medical expert system providing assistance in the
      diagnosis of patients complaining of chest pain. Its reasoning strategy combines
      efficient mechanisms for hypothesis generation and hypothesis evaluation in a
      model simulalting the basic features of the hypothesize-and-test approach found
      to be applied by diagnosing physicians. The knowledge acquisition facility of the
      program is comfortable enough to allow the expert physician to alter the
      knowledge base without understanding the basic code (LISP) of the program.

PMID- 3892151
TI  - [The Cooperative Ewing Sarcoma Study CESS 81 of the German Pediatric Oncology
      Society--analysis after 4 years].
AB  - In 1981 the cooperative Ewing's sarcoma study CESS 81 was initiated with initial
      18-weeks-chemotherapy consisting of vincristine, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide
      and adriamycin (VACA) followed by local therapy consisting of either radical
      surgery with complete resection of the involved bone or incomplete resection
      followed by radiation with 36 gy or radiotherapy only. Patients with radiation
      only for local therapy and extremity tumor sites are randomised for 46 gy vs 60
      gy tumor dose. Following local therapy chemotherapy is continued for an
      additional 18 weeks. The actuarial results of 83 consecutive patients entered
      from 51 participating institutions from January 1, 1981, until November 15, 1984
      are presented. 68/83 patients were off therapy and under observation for longer
      than one year following diagnosis. The longest follow-up was 41 months. On
      November 15, 1984, 39/68 (57%) patients were disease free. According to the site
      of the primary tumor patients with distal extremity lesions had a more favourable
      prognosis as compared to proximal extremity and central lesions. According to
      local therapy patients with radical surgery had a better prognosis as compared to
      those with resection followed by radiation and those with radiation only for
      local control. Analysis according to tumor volume revealed the strong interaction
      between tumor site, local therapy and tumor volume. According to life-table
      analysis the disease free survival for patients with a tumor volume less than 100
      ml was 75% after 41 months compared to 10% for patients with a tumor volume
      greater than or equal to 100 ml. The consequences of this analysis for a
      stratified treatment regimen for patients with primary Ewing's sarcoma of bone
      are discussed.

PMID- 3892153
TI  - Mesangium and glomerular disease.

PMID- 3892154
TI  - Molecular and cellular pathology of hepatitis B.

PMID- 3892155
TI  - Tubuloreticular inclusions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells related to
      systemic therapy with alpha-interferon.
AB  - Tubuloreticular inclusions (TRI) developed within the endoplasmic reticulum of
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) sampled from eight patients with
      chronic type B hepatitis during cycles of therapy with DNA-recombinant human
      alpha-interferon (rIFN alpha A). Each cycle of therapy consisted of a series of
      six intramuscular injections (triweekly) of a fixed dose of rIFN alpha A (from 18
      to 68 X 10(6) IU/dose). In PBMC examined by transmission electron microscopy, TRI
      were absent prior to therapy and developed during therapy in all cases. Peak
      serum levels of alpha-interferon (320 to 960 IU/ml) were achieved within 12
      hours. At 24 hours. TRI were detected in 0.5 to 6.5% of PBMC sections, and they
      persisted in 1.4 to 6.8% of sections examined at 48 hours. After five sequential
      interferon doses, TRI were observed in 1.6 to 9.8% of PBMC sections. TRI could no
      longer be detected at 5 to 16 days after cessation of rIFN alpha A, but they
      reappeared during subsequent cycles of therapy. Subpopulations of the PBMC with
      TRI were differentiated by immunoelectron microscopy utilizing a battery of anti
      Leu monoclonal antibodies: surface markers of T cells, helper/inducer or
      cytotoxic/suppressor T cell subsets, natural killer cells, or B-cells were
      identified by direct or indirect procedures utilizing avidin and biotinylated
      peroxidase. In cases analyzed with multiple monoclonal antisera, TRI were
      expressed in all of the major PBMC subpopulations. Monocytes with TRI were
      demonstrated by the endogenous peroxidase reaction. TRI were not found in
      circulating polymorphonuclear granulocytes. Lymphocytes isolated from healthy
      donors and exposed to rIFN alpha A (100 IU/ml), for 48 to 72 hours in vitro,
      developed TRI in proportions of PBMC sections (2.3 to 8.4%) comparable to those
      observed in the interferon-treated patients. Stimulation of lymphocytes with
      concanavalin A, for 72 hours before rIFN alpha A exposure, enhanced formation of
      TRI which could then be found in T blasts. Stimulation of donor lymphocytes with
      Sendai virus, a potent inducer of alpha-interferon, also resulted in formation of
      TRI by 48 hours. This suggested that lymphocytotrophic virus infections could
      exercise a primary role in the natural pathogenesis of TRI.

PMID- 3892156
TI  - Immunolocalization of type IV collagen and laminin in nonbasement membrane
      structures of murine corneal stroma. A light and electron microscopic study.
AB  - The extracellular matrix of adult vertebrate corneal stroma is composed primarily
      of the interstitial collagen type I and smaller amounts of types III and V
      collagen. These collagens are organized into overlapping lamellae of striated
      filaments. In addition to these lamellar structures, the corneal stroma also
      contains 100- to 250-nm bundles of nonstriated 8- to 11-nm microfibrils. By
      immunofluorescent localization and electron microscopic immunolocalization, these
      microfibril bundles in the mouse are associated with type III collagen, type IV
      collagen, and laminin. By immunologic and histochemical criteria, these bundles
      do not contain either type I collagen, type V collagen, elastin, or oxytalan
      microfibrils. The cellular source, composition, and possible functions of these
      microfibril bundles are discussed.

PMID- 3892157
TI  - Distribution and subcellular localization of surfactant-associated glycoproteins
      in human lung.
AB  - Human surfactant contains lung-specific, high molecular weight glycoproteins
      which are composed of disulfide-linked 34-kilodalton peptide subunits. We
      prepared antibodies to both isolated HMW glycoproteins and 34-kilodalton peptides
      and tested the antisera for specificity with immunochemical procedures. In the
      present study we have investigated the cellular distribution and subcellular
      localization of these glycoproteins in surgically excised human lung tissue with
      or without type II cell hyperplasia. An immunoperoxidase technique was used, and
      cytoplasmic staining reflecting labeling with antibodies to either high molecular
      weight glycoproteins or the 34-kilodalton peptide subunits was consistently
      observed in normal type II cells, Clara cells, and some alveolar macrophages and
      was more intense and diffuse in hyperplastic type II cells. The ultrastructural
      localization of surfactant-associated glycoproteins was investigated using the
      periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde fixative and a peroxidase-labeled antibody
      technique. In both normal and proliferating type II cells the staining was
      localized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, perinuclear cisternas, vesicles of
      the Golgi complex, vesicles and lamellar membranes of the multivesicular bodies,
      and some multivesicular body-lamellar body forms. In addition, staining was
      frequently found in peripheral portions of partially preserved lamellar bodies
      including those at the stage of secretion, as well as in association with of
      alveolar tubular myelin. Labeling was also observed in the rough endoplasmic
      reticulum of Clara cells. We conclude that antibodies against human surfactant
      associated glycoproteins are markers for normal and regenerating type II cells,
      as well as for Clara cells which apparently retain limited ability to produce
      surfactant-associated glycoproteins independently of surfactant phospholipids.
      The results indicate that, in type II cells, synthesis and secretion of these
      glycoproteins involve the same cytoplasmic organelles that are responsible for
      synthesis, packaging, storage, and exocytosis of surfactant phospholipids.
      However, maturation of the lamellar bodies, known to be characterized by
      progressive accumulation of phospholipids, may not require parallel storage of
      surfactant-associated glycoproteins within the entire lamellar body compartment.

PMID- 3892158
TI  - Applications of quantitative microscopy in tumor pathology.

PMID- 3892159
TI  - Role of macrophages in atherosclerosis. Sequential observations of cholesterol
      induced rabbit aortic lesion by the immunoperoxidase technique using monoclonal
      antimacrophage antibody.
AB  - To elucidate the role of macrophages in atherosclerosis, sequential observations
      were carried out on cholesterol-induced aortic lesions of the rabbit with the
      immunoperoxidase technique by use of monoclonal antimacrophage antibody. Animals
      on cholesterol diets for 8 weeks or longer showed increased accumulations of
      lipid-filled macrophages in the intima. At a very early stage, when no grossly
      visible alterations were observed, macrophages were seen clinging to the
      endothelial surface with apparent penetration of the endothelium. A single line
      of three or four vacuolated macrophages were found in otherwise normal
      subendothelial spaces. In flat lesions consisting of a few layers of foam cells,
      lipid-laden macrophages were the cells that predominated. In advanced plaque
      lesions, negatively staining, most presumably, smooth muscle foam cells became
      noticeable and increased in number. At this stage, macrophage foam cells
      predominated in the superficial layer of the lesion, whereas negatively staining
      foam cells were prevalent in deeper areas. Macrophages were also spotted within
      areas of necrosis, and they were occasionally observed near the necrotic core of
      the atheroma. During 24 to 74 weeks after termination of the cholesterol diet,
      the number of cells with specific macrophage staining markedly diminished. The
      results support the concept that circulating monocytes are the prime source of
      foam cells in the initial phase of atherogenesis. It seems likely that the major
      role of macrophages in atherogenesis is to remove lipids from areas of lesion
      formation. The failure of macrophages to perform their scavenger role
      successfully may be a major factor in the accumulation of lipid-rich debris in
      advanced lesions. Relative paucity of macrophages may also be an important factor
      explaining why regression of atherosclerosis occurs rarely in the rabbits.

PMID- 3892160
TI  - Kids as consumers an annotated bibliography.

PMID- 3892161
TI  - Comparison of six cannabinoid metabolite assays.
AB  - Numerous methods for the detection of urinary metabolites of marijuana
      constituents are available. Documentation of the sensitivity and specificity of
      these tests is needed before the determination of a pair of screening
      confirmation tests can be made. This study used 88 clinical specimens to evaluate
      five commercially available marijuana metabolite methods and one new gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method. The EMIT-d.a.u. test was found
      to have 2 to 3% unconfirmed positives when compared to the other methods
      evaluated. The new thin layer procedure, TOXI-LAB, was not as sensitive as the
      EMIT-d.a.u. procedure for some specimens, but proved to be a good confirmation
      for the EMIT-d.a.u. with elimination of all "unconfirmed positives." The
      Abuscreen (Roche) and the EMIT-st assays were positive for samples that contained
      larger amounts of 11-nor-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (11-nor
      delta 9-THC-9-COOH). The Immunalysis-radioimmunoassay (RIA) was positive for all
      samples found positive by the GC/MS method, but the concentrations found by the
      two assays did not correlate. The GC/MS method was developed to use the same
      extraction as the thin layer procedure and provides confirmation for all
      procedures except 2 to 3% of the positive EMIT-d.a.u. results.

PMID- 3892162
TI  - Detection of O6-monoacetylmorphine in urine samples by GC/MS as evidence for
      heroin use.
AB  - A method for qualitative and quantitative detection of nanogram amounts of O6
      monoacetylmorphine (MAM) in urine samples of heroin abusers is presented. The
      detection of MAM is based on the alkaline solid phase extraction of the urine
      samples using an octadecyl column and transformation into the
      pentafluoropropionyl (PFP) derivatives. PFP-MAM is separated by capillary GC and
      identified mass spectrometrically by selected ion monitoring (SIM). The
      determination of the MAM levels was carried out by quantitative GC/SIM using
      nalorphine as the internal standard. A positive identification of MAM allows one
      to distinguish between a previous intake of heroin (or theoretically MAM) on the
      one hand, and an ingestion of morphine, codeine, opium, or poppy seed on the
      other.

PMID- 3892163
TI  - Effect of estrogen on rabbit gallbladder prostaglandin biosynthesis.
AB  - Male and female gallbladder prostaglandin biosynthesis was compared by
      radiochromatographic analysis of microsomal membrane fractions. Normal female
      rabbit gallbladder total prostaglandin activity was 10-fold higher than the
      normal male rabbit gallbladder total prostaglandin activity. The normal male
      rabbit extracts produced PGF2 alpha and PGE2 as the major arachidonic acid
      metabolites. The normal female rabbit extracts synthesized PGI2 and PGE2 (20-fold
      higher activity than the normal male) as the major arachidonic acid metabolites
      present. The effect of estrogen was studied by comparing prostaglandin activity
      in ovariectomized female rabbits given high-dose estrogen, low-dose estrogen, and
      no estrogen. The zero estrogen group prostaglandin activity was 5-fold lower than
      the normal female group. Treatment with low- or high-dose estrogen restored the
      gallbladder prostaglandin activity to the level of the normal rabbit gallbladder
      prostaglandin activity.

PMID- 3892164
TI  - Thromboxane and prostacyclin in clinical acute respiratory failure.
AB  - Plasma levels of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin have been elevated during
      experimental acute respiratory failure (ARDS). The present study evaluates the
      relationship of plasma levels of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin, measured by
      radioimmunoassay as the stable metabolites thromboxane B2 (TxB) and prostaglandin
      6-K-F1 alpha (PGI) to the incidence of clinical ARDS. Sixty-seven consecutive
      patients at risk for ARDS were studied prospectively. TxB, PGI, platelet, and
      leukocyte counts were measured daily for up to 5 days. Of 55 patients without
      cerebral injury, 25 (45%) developed ARDS, and 30 did not. Of 12 patients with
      cerebral injury, none developed ARDS. This difference was highly significant (P
      less than 0.01). TxB was increased and age lower with head injury (P less than
      0.05). PGI was significantly lower in ARDS (110 +/- 32 vs 227 +/- 211 pg/ml, P
      less than 0.05), and mean TxB was unchanged. TxB was increased in age greater
      than 60 and decreased with prostaglandin inhibitors. ARDS was significantly
      associated with TxB greater than 70 pg/ml, PGI below the detectable level of 103
      pg/ml, TxB/PGI ratio greater than 0.7, and age greater than 60 years. Peak TxB
      occurred before or simultaneously with onset of ARDS in 68%. Leukocytes were
      decreased in ARDS (8.6 +/- 4 vs 11.1 +/- 4.4 X 10(3)/mm3) and platelets were
      unchanged. ARDS was decreased with steroid therapy. Elevated TxB is related to a
      high incidence of ARDS. Elevated PGI may protect against ARDS. Cerebral injury
      patients in this study were resistant to ARDS in spite of increased TxB.

PMID- 3892165
TI  - Lowering of plasma free tryptophan in normal and portacaval shunt dogs.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to develop a method which would produce immediate
      and sustained lowering of plasma free tryptophan. Glucose, insulin, and mixtures
      of the two in different concentrations were infused into dogs over a period of 6
      hr. Blood was sampled during the course of the infusion for assay of plasma free
      and total tryptophan, free fatty acids, glucose, and insulin. The infusate found
      to produce the most significant and sustained reduction in plasma free tryptophan
      in normal dogs was a mixture of 25% glucose and insulin. The lowering ranged from
      26 to 47% during the course of the infusion. When the same infusion mixture was
      administered to dogs with established portacaval shunts, and elevated plasma free
      tryptophan concentrations (3.3 +/- 0.3 micrograms/ml compared to normal dogs
      which had 1.9 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml), there was a 35% reduction to normal levels
      (2.0-2.2 micrograms/ml). A glucose-insulin mixture has, therefore, been found
      which, upon infusion into dogs, significantly lowers plasma free tryptophan
      levels. The effect of such an infusion on the plasma levels of free tryptophan,
      and the clinical course of patients with hepatic encephalopathy remains to be
      determined.

PMID- 3892166
TI  - Surgical therapy for the short bowel syndrome.
AB  - The introduction of total parenteral nutrition has resulted in more patients
      surviving massive intestinal resection. Long-term parenteral nutrition is
      expensive, has potential complications, and causes inconvenience for the patient.
      Therefore, interest persists in surgical therapy for the short bowel syndrome.
      The goals of surgical therapy in the short bowel syndrome are to slow intestinal
      transit, increase the area of absorption, and reduce gastric hyperacidity.
      Patients with sufficient absorptive area, but rapid intestinal transit, benefit
      from antiperistaltic segments or colon interposition. Intestinal valves yield
      inconsistent results. Recirculating loops are associated with prohibitive
      morbidity and mortality. Experience with intestinal pacing is limited. Patients
      with dilated bowel segments may benefit from intestinal tapering or lengthening.
      Growing neomucosa holds promise but has not been evaluated clinically. Recent
      improvement in the results of intestinal transplantation in animals may warrant
      clinical trials. The efficacy of H2 receptor antagonists makes procedures for
      reducing gastric hyperacidity less necessary. None of the operations to treat the
      short bowel syndrome are sufficiently safe and effective to recommend their
      routine use. Operations should be performed only on selected patients to achieve
      specific goals. Although investigation continues, our emphasis should continue to
      be conservation of as much of the intestine as possible when massive resection is
      necessary.

PMID- 3892167
TI  - Household production of alcoholic beverages in early eighteenth-century
      Connecticut.
AB  - In light of the recent controversy concerning the applicability of the household
      economy model to early American history, this study examines the case of
      alcoholic beverages produced in the households of early-eighteenth-century
      Connecticut. All probate inventories from Hartford, New London and Fairfield
      counties for 1700, 1710, 1720, 1730 and 1740 (a total of 274 inventories) were
      examined with a checklist of items (e.g., hops, malt, cider presses and stills)
      crucial to the production of alcoholic beverages during that period. The presence
      of these beverages themselves was also noted. Of the inventories read, 133 (49%)
      suggested that beverage making took place in the household. The three counties
      sampled showed surprisingly little deviation in the percentages of inventories
      suggesting alcohol production and in the preferences for specific types of
      drinks. Of all inventories bearing references to alcohol production, beer brewing
      was indicated in 83% and cider in only 55%--despite the traditional opinion of
      cider's predominance. The independence of cider entries from the seasonal bias of
      the inventories was also demonstrated. These findings, insofar as they show the
      pervasiveness of alcohol production within the households inventoried, thus argue
      strongly for the validity of the household economy model. Some implications of
      this model for alcohol studies are also discussed.

PMID- 3892168
TI  - Experimental reconstruction of the trachea with autogenous materials.
AB  - Composite intercostal muscle flaps were experimentally used to repair major
      intrathoracic tracheal defects in the mongrel dog. These composite flaps provided
      an adequate tracheal lumen with both sufficient mobility and structural
      stability. Stenosis of the reconstructed trachea was an uncommon finding, but the
      incidence of early postoperative mortality was high.

PMID- 3892169
TI  - Primary angiosarcoma of the innominate vein: a case report with resection and
      long-term survival.
AB  - The first reported case of a primary angiosarcoma arising from the innominate
      vein is presented. This rare tumor was treated with surgical excision, and the
      patient is alive 8 years postoperatively.

PMID- 3892170
TI  - Cryosurgical ablation of atrioventricular junction without extracorporeal
      circulation.
AB  - A closed technique, using thoracotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass and
      atriotomy, for cryosurgical ablation of the atrioventricular node-His bundle
      junction is described. The technique was used in 34 patients selected from among
      136 patients with disabling supraventricular tachyarrhythmias refractory to drug
      therapy in whom atrioventricular block was produced. After thoracotomy, four
      methods can be used to determine the site of cryoinstrument application:
      palpation of the internal anatomic landmarks, a "mechanical test," use of a
      cryoprobe, or recording of the His bundle electrogram. The cryoprocedure lasts
      160 to 180 seconds at temperatures of -60 degrees to -80 degrees C and is
      repeated once or twice. Complete atrioventricular block was induced in 29 of the
      34 patients. Paroxysmal tachycardia was terminated in 31. There were no operative
      deaths. The frequency of surgical complications was nearly three times lower than
      in the group of 77 patients subjected to open cryodestruction of the
      atrioventricular junction, and the length of hospital stay after the operation
      was an average of 4.7 days shorter. The follow-up for up to 6.5 years (mean 34
      months) failed to show postoperative paroxysmal tachycardia or tachyarrhythmia in
      31 patients. In my opinion, this rather safe method for ablation of the
      atrioventricular junction could be more widely used, especially if there are
      contraindications for extracorporeal circulation or if transvenous catheter
      ablation has failed.

PMID- 3892171
TI  - Protamine-induced fatal anaphylaxis. Prevalence of antiprotamine immunoglobulin E
      antibody.
AB  - Protamine is used widely to reverse the anticoagulant effects of heparin and to
      delay the absorption of insulin. Although adverse reactions to protamine are
      reported infrequently and are usually mild, we recently observed the first fatal
      case of type I anaphylaxis resulting from protamine. This patient had previously
      been sensitized to protamine during cardiac catheterization and had high levels
      of protamine-specific immunoglobulin E in the serum. In a prospective study, we
      found that 10 of 19 diabetic patients (53%) who had received insulin containing
      insulin also had high levels of antiprotamine immunoglobulin E. In contrast, none
      of 27 nondiabetic healthy normal controls or 10 diabetics who had never received
      protamine or protamine-containing insulin had levels of antiprotamine
      immunoglobulin E over background. This study underscores the risks of routinely
      administering protamine to susceptible individuals and the need for alternative
      therapies.

PMID- 3892172
TI  - The effects of four different crystalloid bypass pump-priming fluids upon the
      metabolic response to cardiac operation.
AB  - The crystalloid solutions used to prime cardiopulmonary bypass pumps frequently
      contain metabolically active substrates. However, there is a lack of controlled
      studies to investigate the metabolic response to cardiac operations using
      different pump primes. We have carried out a prospective, randomized study of 24
      patients divided into four groups, each group receiving a different crystalloid
      prime. The primes contained glucose, lactate, glucose and lactate, or neither
      glucose nor lactate. Using identical anesthetic, surgical, and perfusion
      techniques, we estimated the metabolic response to cardiac operation in all
      patients by frequent blood sampling for measurement of hormone (insulin,
      glucagon, cortisol, and growth hormone) and metabolite concentrations (glucose,
      lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, alanine, and 3-hydroxybutyrate) from the day before
      operation to the seventh postoperative day. The results demonstrated that, after
      4 hours postoperatively, the endocrine and metabolic response to cardiac
      operation was unaffected by the nature of the priming fluid. However, major
      endocrine and metabolic changes occurred before that time, which were related
      directly to the glucose and lactate contents of the prime. Very high
      concentrations of both glucose and lactate were observed at the end of bypass if
      they were induced in the prime. Given the known dangers of hyperglycemia in
      cerebral ischemia and the potential gluconeogenic effects of infused lactate, we
      suggest that glucose-free and lactate-free primes be employed in the
      extracorporeal circuit.

PMID- 3892173
TI  - Surface marker analysis of acute lymphocytic leukaemia in Taiwan, Republic of
      China.
AB  - Acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) is heterogeneous in clinical characteristics
      and immunological properties. Standard surface marker analysis has enabled us to
      subclassify 121 cases of ALL into four subtypes, i.e. T-ALL, common ALL, null ALL
      and B-ALL. We have also tried to correlate these subtypes with their clinical
      characteristics. Our patients had younger ages with a mean age of 13.75. A slight
      male predominance was observed. There were consistently higher incidences in
      northern Taiwan in each subtype, but no significant differences in incidences
      between rural and urban areas. Although there were high incidences of L1 type
      cell in each immunological subtype, there was no correlation between FAB
      classification and each subtype, nor did morphologic features relate to cellular
      origins. Clinical manifestations revealed significantly high incidence of CNS
      involvement and thymic mass in T-ALL. Hepatosplenomegaly was more common and
      complete remission rate was higher in children with ALL than in adults.

PMID- 3892174
TI  - Immuno-alkaline phosphatase labelling of haematological samples: technique and
      applications.

PMID- 3892175
TI  - Detection of surface membrane antigens by a rosette assay using antibody coupled
      red cells.

PMID- 3892176
TI  - Freeze-substitution of Drosophila heads for subsequent [3H]2-deoxyglucose
      autoradiography.
AB  - High resolution of [3H]2-deoxyglucose labelling was obtained in autoradiographs
      of Drosophila brains after freeze-substitution in anhydrous acetone at -76
      degrees C. This method was applied to preparations which received visual,
      olfactory and mechanosensory stimulation. The autoradiographs were compared to
      those obtained after freeze-drying. Freeze-substitution, which has proved to be
      technically simple, rapid and inexpensive, yields a good quality of tissue
      preservation and hence is recommended for tissue dehydration prior to
      autoradiography.

PMID- 3892177
TI  - Cellular migration streams. The integration of the lymphomyeloid complex.

PMID- 3892178
TI  - Viral hepatitis: diagnostic test using anti-HBc (IgM).

PMID- 3892179
TI  - Competition and regulation.

PMID- 3892180
TI  - The changing face of American health care. Multihospital systems, emergency
      centers, and surgery centers.

PMID- 3892181
TI  - Clinical data bases. Accomplishments and unrealized potential.

PMID- 3892182
TI  - Clinical decisionmaking.

PMID- 3892183
TI  - Efficacy, effectiveness, variations, and quality. Boundary-crossing research.

PMID- 3892185
TI  - Policy implications of hospital reporting practices.

PMID- 3892184
TI  - A randomized controlled trial of quality assurance in sixteen ambulatory care
      practices.
AB  - A crossover randomized controlled trial of cycles of quality assurance in 16
      primary care (8 medical, 8 pediatric) group practices was conducted. Of four
      medical and four pediatric tasks important to patient outcome, two were randomly
      assigned to experimental intervention (a quality assurance cycle), and two were
      also measured and used as blinded controls for each medical or pediatric group
      practice. Task performance was measured in each group for 12 months prior to, 9
      months during, and 9 months after the experimental intervention, using as a
      performance score the percentage of evaluation criteria failed of those
      applicable to a case. As a result of quality assurance intervention, quality of
      performance was significantly improved in two of the tasks (P less than 0.0001,
      with 6.7, and 9.8 percentage points improvement), and marginally improved in one
      task (P = 0.06, 5.7 percentage points improvement). Surprisingly, tasks with
      lower perceived effect on patient health (low physician motivation) had greater
      improvement in quality. Unimproved tasks were associated with the perceived need
      for delivery system changes beyond the immediate control of the individual
      practitioner.

PMID- 3892186
TI  - The normal immune response and what can go wrong. A classification of immunologic
      disorders.
AB  - It is difficult to summarize any discussion of a subject when its vitality and
      growth increases and changes almost daily. It has been clearly demonstrated that
      the immune response is important in all organ systems of the body. Although we
      have learned a great deal about cellular recognition and the regulatory aspects
      of immunity, we are literally only scratching the surface of its complexity and
      applicability. A totally comprehensive review of the immune response is
      impossible in this short space. We do hope, however, that we have set the stage
      for the following in-depth reviews of the immunologic disorders in adults.

PMID- 3892187
TI  - Immune function, autoimmunity, and selective immunoprophylaxis in the aged.
AB  - Many changes occur in the immune system with age. The involution of the thymus
      plays a major role in immune senescence. Related to this event are the altered
      ratio of helper to suppressor T-lymphocyte subsets, decrease in immune response
      by both cell-mediated and humoral branches of the immune system, and increase in
      autoimmune activity. The clinical implications of these changes are the elderly
      person's increased susceptibility to infections such as pneumococcal pneumonia,
      influenza A, and tetanus as well as increased autoimmune activity, reflected by
      pernicious anemia. Other changes may be increased susceptibility to neoplasms and
      perhaps acceleration of the aging process. A high index of suspicion should be
      present for the diagnosis of pernicious anemia in the elderly population.
      Knowledge of the many autoantibodies that might be present without illness is
      important when evaluating for disease processes. The relationship of the
      senescent immune system to the aging process is still unknown. Investigations of
      this matter, as well as of the function of immune system components and their
      relationship to disease processes, are continuing. Most methods proposed for
      enhancing the immune system are still experimental. However, immunizations have
      been proved to be an effective means of reducing morbidity and mortality from
      certain infectious diseases in the elderly. Therefore, it is strongly recommended
      that all elderly persons who are at risk for pneumococcal pneumonia, influenza,
      and tetanus receive the proper immunizations.

PMID- 3892188
TI  - The hereditary and acquired deficiencies of complement.
AB  - The identification of hereditary and acquired complement deficiencies in humans
      has led to a better understanding of the biologic importance of the complement
      system in immunity and autoimmune disease. Although the understanding of the
      relevance of complement in the pathogenesis of disease is incomplete, several
      characteristic clinical syndromes associated with complement deficiencies have
      been recognized and should be known to the practicing clinician. In allergic
      diseases, one need recognize the C1 inhibitor deficiency syndromes which can
      present as severe, recurrent angioedema in childhood or in the adult as recurrent
      angioedema in association with a lymphoid malignancy or autoimmune disease.
      Complement analyses allow one to readily diagnose C1 inhibitor deficiency in
      angioedema. Correct diagnosis is critical because safe effective therapy is
      available. Chronic urticaria is also uncommonly associated with complement
      deficiencies, particularly acquired C1q deficiency. Again, effective therapy for
      hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis and C1q deficiency is available and
      differs significantly from the usual management of chronic urticaria. Homozygous
      and acquired deficiencies of C3 are associated with severe immune deficiency and
      recurrent infections with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Recurrent
      meningococcemia and gonococcemia are being identified frequently in patients with
      a deficient membrane attack mechanism relating to deficiency of C5, C6, C7, or
      C8. Nearly one third of the patients developing meningococcemia may have an
      associated complement deficiency indicating the importance of complement
      determinations in understanding the treatment and prognosis for these patients.
      Deficiency of almost every complement component has been reported in association
      with one or more rheumatic diseases, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus.
      Extensive studies of C2 deficiency and limited studies of C4 deficiency indicate
      that these components of the classical pathway of complement are important in
      preventing the development of SLE or are linked to other genes predisposing to
      SLE. The clinical presentations of SLE in association with C2 or C4 deficiency
      are relatively uniform. The patients exhibit typical skin manifestations
      suggestive of SLE and DLE and often exhibit antibodies to SSA (Ro). The
      association of complement deficiencies with clinical syndromes is important for
      today's physician. The syndromes and deficiencies described here are the
      beginning of an expanding knowledge relating to the pathobiology of complement in
      human disorders.

PMID- 3892189
TI  - The relationship between nutrition, infection, and immunity.
AB  - The importance of nutrition in every aspect of human physiology slowly is being
      appreciated clinically. However, it is clear that immune function is highly
      dependent on the nutritional status of the individual. That status, in turn, is
      dependent on the nutritional intake and the metabolic machinery of the
      individual.

PMID- 3892190
TI  - Food allergies and other adverse reactions to foods.
AB  - Adverse reactions to foods do occur. Their true degree of prevalence remains
      unknown. Many mechanisms are involved, including events at the gut mucosa
      surface, immunologic pathways, and nonimmunologic and possibly genetic
      influences, not all of which have yet been well studied. The major manifestations
      of food allergy have been cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and pulmonary. Others are
      less convincingly established. Of particular interest is the likelihood that
      certain rheumatic symptoms may be related to food sensitivity. Establishing a
      diagnosis of adverse food reaction requires thoughtful clinical evaluation and
      laboratory testing, confirmatory immunologic studies, and double-blind food
      challenge. Skin testing is a valuable screening tool and can help direct the
      physician to those patients for whom double-blind food challenge may be
      indicated. The simplest therapy is avoidance of foods to which an individual is
      sensitive. Sodium cromoglycate, antihistamines, prostaglandin synthetase
      inhibitors, and steroids have been used, but their efficacy has not yet been
      carefully evaluated.

PMID- 3892191
TI  - Antinuclear antibodies in autoimmune disease. Significance and pathogenicity.
AB  - A large number of antigen-antibody systems have been described in association
      with connective tissue diseases. However, with the exception of antibodies to
      dsDNA, none of them have yet been successfully implicated in the pathogenesis of
      autoimmune diseases. It is also unclear why specific ANA are associated just with
      certain diseases, for example, anti-Sm with systemic lupus erythematosus.
      Although many questions remain about what triggers ANA production and whether
      these antibodies are innocent bystanders or disease inducers or enhancers, ANA
      serology can still be very useful to the clinician.

PMID- 3892192
TI  - Stress, affective disorders, and immune function.
AB  - Increasing scientific evidence supports age-old observations that psychosocial
      factors are closely associated with the pathogenesis of certain physical and
      mental illnesses. The immune system appears to play a primary mediating role.
      Whereas acute stress may initiate a transient immunologically protective
      response, prolonged or poorly controlled psychosocial stressors may result in
      depression of different components of the immune system. These responses may be
      related to, or independent of, changes in the neuroendocrine system. As the
      rather prolific literature in this infant area of psychoneuroimmunology reveals,
      there are many complex levels of interaction that require further investigation.
      There is clearly a need for long-term prospective studies that will identify
      individuals at risk for those numerous diseases in which psychosocial factors and
      impaired immune function play a pathogenic role. In addition to correlating
      altered immune function over time with changes in the physical environment, these
      studies should include psychologic profiles, life-event inventories, and
      psychiatric interviews in an effort to delineate the role of psychosocial factors
      as the stimulus for and as the response to the disease process. One of the many
      positive outcomes of this multifactorial approach to illness is that it will
      alter the physician's approach to disease and thus to patients as they are
      evaluated and treated in the psychosocial context in which they live. As
      Hippocrates said, "It is more important to know what sort of a person has a
      disease than to know what sort of disease a person has."

PMID- 3892193
TI  - Autoimmunity and malignancy.
AB  - This article reviews the theoretical and clinical relationships among autoimmune,
      musculoskeletal, connective tissue syndromes, and various malignancies. The most
      common tumors encountered in clinical practice, and the syndromes with which
      patients present, are approached in terms of their direct or indirect
      relationship to the malignancies.

PMID- 3892194
TI  - [Evaluation of the Micro-ID kit for the identification of bacteria of the
      Enterobacteriaceae family].

PMID- 3892195
TI  - Richard Owen's Hunterian lectures on comparative anatomy and physiology, 1837-55.

PMID- 3892196
TI  - The Thomas Hodgkin portraits: a case of mistaken identity.

PMID- 3892197
TI  - The Peckham experiment.

PMID- 3892198
TI  - Illustrations from the Wellcome Institute Library. Sequah: an English "American
      Medicine"-man in 1890.

PMID- 3892199
TI  - [The man behind the syndrome: Burril B. Crohn. A legend in his time and the
      greatest PR resource at Mount Sinai hospital].

PMID- 3892200
TI  - [Transplantation of the pancreas at Huddinge Hospital: Improved results with
      pancreatic transplantation can prevent late diabetic complications].

PMID- 3892201
TI  - [Bone marrow transplantation at Huddinge Hospital: More and more successful
      therapy in malignant disease--the indications are gradually increasing].

PMID- 3892202
TI  - [Renal transplantations at the Serafimer Hospital and Huddinge Hospital over a 20
      year period: transplantation is better and cheaper than chronic dialysis].

PMID- 3892203
TI  - [Effective blood pressure reduction and few side-effects in treatment with
      captopril and diuretics].

PMID- 3892204
TI  - [Echographic diagnosis in orbital mucoceles].
AB  - Sonography in 68 patients with orbital mucoceles revealed the following,
      pathognomonical A-scan criteria: Regular structure, low to extremely low
      reflectivity, sharply outlined borders, bony defects, missing or minimal
      compressibility and typical location in the supero-nasal anterior orbit. The
      echographical findings of "mucoceles" secondary to paranasal tumours are
      specially emphasised. Echography proves to be a very useful method in the
      detection and differentiation of orbital complications in paranasal diseases.

PMID- 3892205
TI  - [Value of ultrasound study in lymphomas of the neck].
AB  - In order to determine the value of high resolution ultrasonic procedures in the
      diagnosis of lymphomas of the neck, a comparative study of palpation, sonography
      and the surgical findings was undertaken. 42 patients were studied and 210
      criteria evaluated. The error incidence was found to be 23.8% for palpation, 4.8%
      for the sonography and 1% for the combination of the two methods. The suprasonic
      procedure can detect a lymphoma from 5 mm. on, whereas palpation is only possible
      upward of 15 mm. Therefore, high resolution sonography enables a more precise
      evaluation and diagnosis of lymphomas of the neck. It facilitates the locating of
      the lymphomas during surgery and also allows the differentiation to the large
      vessels of the neck preoperatively. Thus, sonography of the neck is of high
      informative value there is no physical inconvenience or stress for the patient,
      and it is easy and quick to administer.

PMID- 3892206
TI  - [Measurement of inner ear circulation using radioactive indicators].
AB  - To clarify the possibility of measuring the inner ear blood flow by radionuclide
      imaging, we used a skull phantom and a scintillation camera and found that a
      concentration difference of at least 100: 1 between the inner ear and the
      background is needed for external detection. Similar concentration differences
      can be found in aminoglycosid antibiotics because of their special
      pharmacokinetic characteristics. We believe, therefore, that with an appropriate
      radioactive indicator, such as labelled aminoglycoside or labelled (99mTc, 123J)
      inulin, it would be possible to measure the inner ear blood flow in a non
      invasive and selective way.

PMID- 3892207
TI  - Epiglottic reconstruction after supraglottic laryngectomy.
AB  - It has been well established that supraglottic laryngectomy is an effective
      treatment of laryngeal cancer arising above the vocal cords with cure rates
      equaling total laryngectomy. Although there is preservation of a near normal
      voice after supraglottic laryngectomy, chronic aspiration occurs in some patients
      particularly after extended supraglottic laryngectomy or when there is associated
      compromised pulmonary function. During normal deglutition, the epiglottis serves
      to divert food to the pyriform fossae and partially covers the inlet to the
      airway. These important functions can be accomplished after supraglottic
      laryngectomy by reconstructing a neoepiglottis from an epiglottic remnant
      whenever one third or more of the epiglottis can be preserved which is
      microscopically free of tumor. Our results in 14 patients have shown no
      clinically significant aspiration after epiglottic reconstruction.

PMID- 3892208
TI  - Meningitis and sensorineural hearing loss.
AB  - A 12 month retrospective study was conducted on 54 children discharged from the
      Children's Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama, with a diagnosis of generalized
      meningitis, a major cause of post-natal sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Of
      these high risk patients, 38 or 70% had Haemophilus influenza meningitis and
      fully 40% of those children tested audiometrically were determined to have SNHL.
      Because there would appear to be an increase in SNHL in the post meningeal
      population, all children with a diagnosis of Haemophilus influenza, pneumococcal,
      or meningococcal meningitis should have an audiological workup, preferably prior
      to discharge from the hospital.

PMID- 3892209
TI  - Etiological diagnosis in sinusitis: ultrasonography as clinical complement.
AB  - Accumulation of purulent sinus secretion reflects an inflammation caused by
      pyogenic bacteria, whereas the accumulation of nonpurulent effusion may have
      origins other than a bacterial infection. Ultrasonography differentiates the
      disordered sinus from the healthy one, but not purulent from nonpurulent
      secretion. In 90 patients, supposed to suffer from sinusitis, a correct
      diagnosis, sinus empyema vs. not sinus empyema, was established in a majority of
      cases by means of clinical evaluation alone. By introducing ultrasonography as a
      complement to the clinical evaluation, the diagnostic reliability became lower.
      It is concluded that ultrasonography seems to have little or no implication in
      the therapeutic decision unless diagnostic puncture is also performed.

PMID- 3892211
TI  - Repair of the cleft ear lobe.

PMID- 3892210
TI  - Control of epistaxis in the multiple trauma patient.
AB  - Severe epistaxis in the multiple trauma victim can be rapidly controlled with
      immediate insertion of the intranasal anteroposterior balloon. The patient's
      other life threatening injuries can then be assessed in an orderly fashion. Once
      the patient has been stabilized, the balloon can be deflated and removed and the
      patient's maxillofacial injuries assessed and treated in a controlled setting.

PMID- 3892212
TI  - [Psychosocial aspects and the quality of life of patients treated with bone
      marrow transplantation].

PMID- 3892213
TI  - In vivo electrochemical studies of rat striatal dopamine and serotonin release
      after morphine.
AB  - The effect of the reference opiate, morphine (d-morphine-sulfate), on
      endogenously released striatal dopamine and serotonin was studied in male, adult,
      anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. The intraperitoneal administration of morphine
      produced a biphasic effect on striatal dopamine release. A significant increase
      in the dopamine signal was seen in the first hour after drug administration; a
      significant decrease in the dopamine signal was seen in the second and third hour
      after drug administration. On the other hand, the effect of morphine on striatal
      serotonin release was monophasic. Morphine significantly increased serotonin
      release from rat striatum. The effect lasted three hours after morphine
      administration, i.e., the effect persisted significantly throughout the study.
      These data show a simultaneous opiate-dopaminergic and opiate-serotonergic
      interaction in rat striatum. These data further extend studies which have
      suggested that the pharmacological mechanism of action of morphine may have its
      etiology in the concurrent modulation of more than one neurotransmitter.

PMID- 3892214
TI  - Effect of intravenous epinephrine infusion on plasma renin activity in
      adrenalectomized dogs.
AB  - Previous experiments have shown that circulating epinephrine stimulates renin
      secretin and increases plasma renin activity (PRA) when it is infused
      intravenously, but not when it is infused directly into the renal artery at
      similar infusion rates. The present experiments were designed to test the
      hypothesis that the adrenal glands mediate the PRA response to intravenous
      epinephrine infusion. Accordingly, anesthetized dogs were prepared with either an
      acute bilateral adrenalectomy or a sham-adrenalectomy procedure. Epinephrine was
      then infused intravenously into each animal for 45 minutes at a rate of 25 ng X
      kg-1 X min-1. Time control experiments in which epinephrine was not infused were
      also conducted. In sham-adrenalectomized dogs, PRA (in nanograms per ml h-1) rose
      from 4.1 +/- 1.4 in the control period to 13.0 +/- 3.0 during intravenous
      epinephrine infusion (means +/- SE; p less than 0.01). In adrenalectomized dogs,
      PRA rose from 2.1 +/- 0.4 during the control period to 5.5 +/- 0.9 during
      intravenous epinephrine infusion (p less than 0.01). Neither the absolute
      increments in PRA nor the percent increases in PRA were significantly different
      between the two groups receiving epinephrine. PRA remained unchanged in time
      control experiments. These data demonstrate that the adrenal glands need not be
      present in order for intravenous epinephrine infusion to elicit an increase in
      PRA. The data do not support the hypothesis, therefore, that epinephrine-induced
      increases in PRA are initiated by receptors located within the adrenal glands.

PMID- 3892215
TI  - Effect of synthetic neuromedin C, a decapeptide of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP
      [18-27]), on blood flow and exocrine secretion of the pancreas in dogs.
AB  - Neuromedin C, the smaller molecular form of gastrin releasing peptide (GRP [18
      27]), has been recently identified from canine intestinal muscle and porcine
      spinal cord. This study was conducted to determine if this newly identified
      peptide retains biological activity on canine pancreas in vivo. Intravenous
      injection of graded doses of synthetic Neuromedin C caused a marked increase of
      systemic blood pressure and initial reduction of pancreatic blood flow in eleven
      anesthetized dogs, as measured by Laser Doppler Flowmetry. Flow volume and
      protein output of pancreatic juice were also increased by Neuromedin C in a dose
      related manner in six dogs. These results suggest that this peptide is one of the
      biologically active forms of mammalian bombesin-like peptides and may possess
      physiological significance as a novel neuropeptide.

PMID- 3892216
TI  - Enhancement of colonic motor response to feeding by central endogenous opiates in
      the dog.
AB  - The role of endogenous opiates in the colonic motor response to feeding has been
      investigated in four dogs chronically fitted with two strain gages on the
      proximal and distal colon and a cannula in cerebral lateral ventricle. A daily
      meal stimulated the colonic motility during 8-10 hrs. The colonic motility index
      was significantly higher during this period when an enkephalinase inhibitor,
      tiorphan, was intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered at a dose of 0.1
      mg/kg before the meal. This effect was blocked by a previous i.c.v.
      administration of naltrexone (0.1 mg/kg) and reproduced by (D-Ala2, Met5)
      enkephalinamide (DALAMIDE) at a dose of 50 mg/kg. I.c.v. administration of
      tiorphan or DALAMIDE did not modify the colonic motility in dogs fasted for 48
      hrs. The postprandial motility index remained unchanged after intravenous
      administration of tiorphan or DALAMIDE at the same dosages. These results provide
      evidence for a central control of the colonic motor response to feeding by
      endogenous enkephalins in dogs.

PMID- 3892217
TI  - Pregnancy and diabetes: the maternal response.
AB  - Pregnancy places remarkable stresses on maternal carbohydrate metabolism and
      pancreatic insulin reserves. The normal mammal responds to pregnancy by
      increasing pancreatic islet size and insulin secretion. Pregnancy also causes
      alterations in concentrations of metabolic fuels in maternal circulation. These
      changes are partly attributed to gestational increases of estrogen, progesterone
      and human chorionic somatomammotropin, and are thought to provide a proper
      metabolic and hormonal incubation medium for the fetus. Conversely, the
      compromised pancreas of the diabetic is unable to meet the additional demands of
      pregnancy, and carbohydrate metabolism deteriorates. The character of these
      metabolic changes depends on the time of gestation and the type of diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 3892218
TI  - Relative biological activities of Asn1-,Val5-angiotensin II, Ile5-angiotensin II
      and Sar1-angiotensin II in man.
AB  - Biological activities of asn1-,val5-angiotensin II (Hypertensin, Ciba, Asn1-,Val5
      ANG II), ile5-angiotensin II (human angiotensin II, Ile5-ANG II) and sar1
      angiotensin II (Sar1-ANG II) were compared in man. In 7 normal men 5 pmol/kg X
      min each of Asn1-,Val5-ANG II, Ile5-ANG II and Sar1-ANG II was infused iv from
      0900 h to 0930 h at 1-week intervals. Average increments of blood pressure at the
      end of the infusions were 11/12, 23/20 and 36/30 mmHg, respectively (significant
      differences among the 3: P less than 0.001), average decrements of plasma renin
      activity were 0.30, 0.32 and 0.27 ng/ml X H, respectively (no significant
      difference among the 3), average increments of plasma aldosterone were 1.1, 2.3
      and 4.4 ng/100 ml, respectively (significant difference between the former 2: P
      les than 0.001, between the latter 2: P less than 0.02), and durations of blood
      pressure rise after the cessation of these infusions (T) were 2-5 (average 5)
      min, 10-25 (average 20) min and 35-60 (average 40) min, respectively (significant
      difference between the former 2:less than P 0.01, between the latter 2: P less
      than 0.001). From these results it is evident that the pressor and steroidogenic
      actions of Ile5-ANG II are significantly stronger than those of Asn1-,Val5-ANG II
      and that the duration of pressor action of the former is much longer than that of
      the latter. Therefore, when the activities of angiotensin II (ANG II) derivatives
      are compared with those of ANG II in man, Ile5-ANG II--natural human ANG II-
      should always be used instead of Asn1-,Val5-ANG II. The pressor and steroidogenic
      actions and T of Sar1-ANG II are significantly stronger or longer than those of
      Ile5-ANG II. The reason for this is thought to be that Sar1-ANG II is bound
      tightly to the vascular and adrenal ANG II receptors and is not readily
      metabolized.

PMID- 3892219
TI  - Medicine (1922- ). Biography of a medical journal.

PMID- 3892220
TI  - Therapy of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease: analysis of
      prognostic significance of clinical, pathologic and treatment factors.
AB  - We have compared the effect of therapy with immunosuppression alone to
      immunosuppression plus plasma exchange on the clinical course and rate of
      disappearance of antibody in 17 patients with anti-glomerular basement membrane
      (anti-GBM) antibody-induced renal disease. Patients receiving immunosuppression
      (n = 9) and those receiving plasma exchange (n = 8) were similar in terms of
      entry clinical characteristics, pulmonary manifestations and complications
      associated with therapy. Rate of disappearance of anti-GBM antibody as estimated
      from serial estimates of antibody binding was significantly more rapid in
      patients receiving plasma exchange, and mean serum creatinine in these patients
      at end of therapy was half that of the patients receiving immunosuppression
      alone. Analysis of clinical and pathologic values at study entry, however,
      indicated that the percent of crescents on initial renal biopsy and entry serum
      creatinine correlated better with outcome than did therapeutic modality. Thus,
      though plasma exchange may offer some advantage over immunosuppression alone in
      the treatment of this disease, degree of pathologic involvement appears to be the
      major factor affecting outcome. Patients with low cresents (less than 30%) and
      well preserved function did well with either treatment, while patients with
      severe crescentic involvement and impaired glomerular filtration rate did poorly.

PMID- 3892221
TI  - Thrombophlebitis and cellulitis due to Campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus. Report of
      four cases and a review of the literature.
AB  - Four cases of acute thrombophlebitis and cellulitis due to C. fetus ssp. fetus
      are reported, with a review of 18 previously reported cases. Vascular infection
      with thrombophlebitis due to C. fetus ssp. fetus occurred predominantly in adult
      male patients with underlying debilitating, immunocompromising illnesses
      resulting in a mortality rate of 32%. Although approximately one-third of the
      patients had exposure to known reservoirs of C. fetus ssp. fetus, none of the
      patients presented with diarrhea, and only one of the cases had C. fetus ssp.
      fetus recovered from stool culture. Diagnosis of C. fetus ssp. fetus
      thrombophlebitis or cellulitis is based on clinical suspicion and recovery of the
      agent from blood culture; the latter requires an average incubation period of 8
      days. Empiric therapy with erythromycin, and an aminoglycoside or chloramphenicol
      is recommended in suspect patients pending results of blood cultures.

PMID- 3892222
TI  - Tularemia: a 30-year experience with 88 cases.
AB  - Drawing upon our experience with 88 cases and a survey of the English literature,
      we reviewed the clinical, pathophysiological, and epidemiological aspects of
      tularemia. Tularemia can be thought of as two syndromes--ulceroglandular and
      typhoidal. This dichotomy simplifies earlier nomenclature and emphasizes the
      obscure typhoidal presentation. Clinical manifestations suggest that the two
      syndromes reflect differences in host response. In ulceroglandular tularemia the
      pathogen appears to be well contained by a vigorous inflammatory reaction.
      Pneumonia is less common and the patient's prognosis is good. In typhoidal
      disease there are few localizing signs; pneumonia is more common; and the
      mortality without therapy is much higher, suggesting that the host response is
      somehow deficient. Francisella tularensis is an extremely virulent pathogen
      capable of initiating infection with as few as 10 organisms inoculated
      subcutaneously. During an incubation period of 3 to 6 days the host responds
      first with polymorphonuclear leukocytes and then macrophages. Granulocytes are
      unable to kill the pathogen without opsonizing antibody leaving cellular immunity
      to play the major role in host defense. One to 2 weeks after infection, a
      vigorous T-lymphocyte response can be detected in vitro with lymphocyte blast
      transformation assays and in vivo with an intradermal skin test, which,
      unfortunately, is not commercially available. Humoral immunity, often used as a
      diagnostic modality, appears 2 to 3 weeks into the illness. Cellular immunity is
      long-lasting, accounting for the common reoccurrence of localized disease upon
      repeated exposures to the pathogen. There are no symptoms that distinguish the
      ulceroglandular from the typhoidal syndrome. A pulse-temperature dissociation is
      seen in less than half of the patients. The location of ulcers and enlarged lymph
      nodes give a clue to the likely vector since lesions located on the upper
      extremities are more commonly associated with mammalian, and those of the head
      and neck and lower extremities with arthropod, vectors. Pharyngitis,
      pericarditis, and pneumonia can complicate both syndromes, although the latter is
      much more common in typhoidal disease. Hepatitis, usually of a mild degree, is
      common and occasionally erythema nodosum is seen. No specific laboratory tests
      characterize tularemia, and cultures of the pathogen are often difficult to
      obtain because of the special growth requirements of Francisella tularesis and
      the inability of many clinical laboratories to handle the dangerous
      pathogen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3892223
TI  - [Health care during 40 years of the Polish People's Republic--synthesis and
      conclusions].

PMID- 3892224
TI  - [Evaluation of vinyl chloride toxicity based on its metabolism].
AB  - Discussed in the paper are the processes of absorption, distribution and
      metabolization of vinyl chloride in the living organism. The latest views on the
      occurrence and excretion of vinyl chloride metabolites, possible indices of
      occupational exposure to this compound, have been presented.

PMID- 3892225
TI  - Evidence for phosphorylation of pancreatic islet pyruvate kinase.
AB  - Rabbit pancreatic islet cytosol catalyzes the calcium-activated phosphorylation
      by [gamma 32P]ATP of a protein with a molecular weight of 57,000 that is
      precipitated with antipyruvate kinase antibodies. We were unable to demonstrate
      that phosphorylation in the presence of calcium or cAMP had any immediate effect
      on rat pancreatic islet pyruvate kinase activity. This finding is consistent with
      our inability to confirm the finding of others that pancreatic islets contain
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity (Diabetes, 34:246, 1985). Since the
      carboxykinase catalyzes phosphoenolpyruvate formation and pyruvate kinase
      catalyzes essentially the opposite reaction, if the carboxykinase were present in
      the beta cell, pyruvate kinase would need to be inhibited to prevent recycling of
      phosphoenolpyruvate.

PMID- 3892226
TI  - Measurement of total body water in intensive care patients with fluid overload.
AB  - The measurement of total body water (TBW) in critically ill intensive care
      patients with greatly expanded TBW allows body composition studies to be
      undertaken in such patients with potentially important clinical consequences.
      Previous workers in this field have stressed the importance of the distortion of
      compartmental specific activity resulting from continued intravenous (IV) fluid
      administration during the period of equilibration and have made attempts to
      predict the equilibrium value of specific activity from the early arterial
      kinetics. In this paper a method for the measurement of TBW in critically ill
      intensive care patients is presented together with results of 16 studies on 11
      such patients (mean TBW 54.61). It is shown that the effect of continued IV fluid
      administration in association with prolonged equilibration is small and that the
      prediction of TBW from analysis of the early (first hour) arterial kinetics is
      inappropriate. It is concluded that in such patients the volume of distribution
      of the isotope is constant after four hours from IV injection and that TBW can be
      measured with a mean precision of 0.7% (SD) from the fourth, fifth, and sixth
      hour measurements.

PMID- 3892227
TI  - Initiation of translation makes attenuation of ampC in E. coli dependent on
      growth rate.
AB  - The chromosomal beta-lactamase gene of E. coli, ampC, shows increased expression
      with increased growth rate of the bacteria. We have previously shown that
      transcription of ampC is attenuated, and that a mutation in the terminator stem
      of this attenuator abolishes the growth rate-dependency of ampC expression. We
      now present studies using mutations, made in vitro, located such that the 5'-end
      of ampC mRNA carries a possible recognition sequence for initiation of
      translation close to the attenuator stem. Alteration of the supposed initiation
      codon AUG to UUG resulted in a reduced and growth rate-independent expression of
      ampC beta-lactamase. AmpC mRNA starts with the sequence AUC, which might be a non
      typical ribosome binding site, situated four bases before the AUG. Deletion of
      the C in this sequence caused a partial reduction of ampC expression and also a
      partial loss of the growth rate-dependent regulation. The phenotypes of these
      mutants support a model in which formation of a ribosome initiation complex at a
      level increasing with the growth rate inhibits termination of transcription at
      the ampC attenuator.

PMID- 3892228
TI  - Molecular characterisation of the colicin E2 operon and identification of its
      products.
AB  - The DNA sequence of the entire colicin E2 operon was determined. The operon
      comprises the colicin activity gene, ceaB, the colicin immunity gene, ceiB, and
      the lysis gene, celB, which is essential for colicin release from producing
      cells. A potential LexA binding site is located immediately upstream from ceaB,
      and a rho-independent terminator structure is located immediately downstream from
      celB. A comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences of colicin E2 and
      cloacin DF13 revealed extensive stretches of homology. These colicins have
      different modes of action and recognise different cell surface receptors; the two
      major regions of heterology at the carboxy terminus, and in the carboxy-terminal
      end of the central region probably correspond to the catalytic and receptor
      recognition domains, respectively. Sequence homologies between colicins E2, A and
      E1 were less striking, and the colicin E2 immunity protein was not found to share
      extensive homology with the colicin E3 or cloacin DF13 immunity proteins. The
      lysis proteins of the ColE2, ColE1 and CloDF13 plasmids are almost identical
      except in the aminoterminal regions, which themselves have overall similarity
      with lipoprotein signal peptides. Processing of the ColE2 prolysis protein to the
      mature form was prevented by globomycin, a specific inhibitor of the lipoprotein
      signal peptidase. The mature ColE2 lysis protein was located in the cell
      envelope. The results are discussed in terms of the functional organisation of
      the colicin operons and the colicin proteins, and the way in which colicins are
      released from producing cells.

PMID- 3892229
TI  - A change of threonine 266 to isoleucine in the lac permease of Escherichia coli
      diminishes the transport of lactose and increases the transport of maltose.
AB  - The DNA sequence of several functionally interesting lac permease mutants of
      Escherichia coli has been determined. The phenotypes of the mutant permeases were
      described by Mieschendahl et al. (1981). The following exchanges are noteworthy:
      tyr to asp in codon 26 in Y-K MUB 7; thr to ile in codon 266 in Y-K AJ 33; gly to
      asp in codon 262 in Y-D 3 and in Y-D 4.

PMID- 3892230
TI  - Genes for gentamicin-(3)-N-acetyl-transferases III and IV. II. Nucleotide
      sequences of three AAC(3)-III genes and evolutionary aspects.
AB  - The direction of transcription, exact location of the decoding region and
      nucleotide sequences of the aacC3 genes cloned from R-plasmids pWP14a, pWP116a,
      and pWP113a were determined. The respective fragments could code for a protein of
      30.5 kd molecular weight, which was in agreement with the size of the polypeptide
      expressed by these plasmids in minicells of Escherichia coli. The aacC3 genes,
      including the promoters, were completely identical in pWP14a and pWP116a. In
      contrast, in the respective homologous segment in pWP113a were 3.3% of the
      nucleotides different, leading to ten exchanges in the proposed amino acid
      sequence for the AAC(3)-III enzyme. Comparison of the aacC3 sequence with another
      functionally related aminoglycoside resistance determinant, aacC4 (Brau et al.
      1984), revealed only a distant relationship. A hypothetical genealogy of the aacC
      genes is proposed. In pWP113a no good correlation with the consensus sequence for
      -35 boxes of E. coli promoters was found. However, in pWP14a and pWP116a, also
      expressing higher gentamicin resistance, a -35 sequence (5'TTGCAA3') was
      complemented by an IS140 element inserted at exactly the same position in both
      cases. The element bears palindromic -35 boxes at both ends, inside its inverted
      repeats. In pWP116a, IS140 was inverted relative to its orientation in pWP14a and
      most of it, together with part of a structure related to Tn3, was deleted during
      a process leading to fusion of the two transposable elements. Downstream from the
      aacC3 genes, an open reading frame separated by a possible intercistronic region
      of 12 bp and preceded by a translational initiation site exists in both pWP113a
      and pWP14a.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3892231
TI  - R factor-mediated adhesiveness to mammalian cells in E. coli K12.
AB  - We checked the possible effects of the standard plasmids of known compatibility
      groups on the ability of three strains of E. coli K12, J62, J53 and C600, to
      agglutinate human and guinea pig erythrocytes and to adhere to cultures of human
      epithelial cells. The results obtained showed that under defined experimental
      conditions one plasmid, R478, from a clinical isolate of Serratia marcescens is
      able to modulate the adhesive properties of the strain J62 which lacks
      adhesiveness. On the contrary, the same factor did not alter the ability of
      strains J53 and C600 to agglutinate erythrocytes and to adhere to human
      epithelial cells in culture, nor did it induce adhesive properties in wild-type
      strains of E. coli from clinical isolates that lacked them. This would suggest a
      possible plasmidic control of chromosomally encoded surface structures that
      mediated adhesiveness of E. coli to mammalian cells.

PMID- 3892232
TI  - Electrophoretic desorption of intact virus from immunoadsorbent.
AB  - A technique and apparatus are described for obtaining electrophoretic elution of
      virus from immunoadsorbent matrices. The method was applied to a well-known and
      easily purifiable virus, carnation mottle virus (CarMV). The technique was
      applicable even when the starting material was diluted and the virus recovered
      was indistinguishable from the original. Our aim was to avoid more drastic
      procedures that could damage virus structure (e.g. chaotropic chemicals,
      detergents, acidic pH's) and develop the mildest procedure possible. The
      apparatus is easy to work with and the procedure is simple and rapid.

PMID- 3892233
TI  - Gene assignments of a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (type 2) from Nymphalis io.
AB  - The 10 double stranded (ds) RNAs from cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (type 2)
      from Nymphalis io have been separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      fractionated into separate genes. Separate and total dsRNA were denatured using
      methyl mercury, and translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Translation of
      unfractionated RNA generated proteins that comigrated with virion and polyhedral
      structural proteins and six major non-structural proteins. Translation of
      individual RNAs, demonstrated that the virion structural proteins were coded for
      by the largest RNAs and the polyhedral protein by the smallest genome segment.
      RNAs 7 and 8 each produced two major non-structural proteins and no primary
      product was found for RNA 3. Reaction of the translation products with antiserum
      raised against purified virions immunoprecipitated putative structural proteins
      (and some "non-structural"). Antiserum against the polyhedral protein
      immunoprecipitated "non-structural" proteins and the polyhedral protein, but not
      virus particle structural proteins.

PMID- 3892234
TI  - Neutralisation of Trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus with antisera to two
      forms of the virus.
AB  - Two forms of a baculovirus, Trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus, one
      released at the plasma membrane of cells (cell released virus: CRV) and the other
      derived from polyhedra (polyhedron derived virus: PDV) occur naturally. Antisera
      raised against the two forms specifically neutralised the homologous form. The
      envelope proteins of the two forms were shown to be the major proteins involved
      in serum neutralisation and to be responsible for the antigenic diversity of the
      virus forms.

PMID- 3892235
TI  - Modifications of surface properties in some enteropathogenic serogroups of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Studies have been carried out on protein and fatty acid patterns present in the
      outer layers of E. coli strains which are considered pathogenic in relation to
      their serogroup. The patterns were related to surface properties of
      hydrophobicity of the same cells and to their resistance to phagocytosis. The
      results obtained demonstrate the presence in the pathogenic serogroups of a
      proteic band of high molecular weight as well as differences in the percentages
      of fatty acids with respect to the non-pathogenic serogroups. Furthermore, these
      serogroups are more resistant to phagocytosis; this resistance seems to be
      correlated to a greater surface hydrophilia of the pathogenic serogroups, leading
      to different relations of the lipidic and protein fraction of the outer layers.

PMID- 3892236
TI  - Nontoxicity of an oil shale process water to Escherichia coli.
AB  - The survival of Escherichia coli in the presence of an oil shale process water
      was studied over a five day period. The organism survived better in the presence
      of one or ten percent concentration of the process water than it did in distilled
      or tap water. Water chemistry of the diluent appeared to be important to the
      survival of the organism.

PMID- 3892237
TI  - Anesthesia and neuromuscular diseases.
AB  - This presentation presents a short review of some disease entities affecting the
      nuromuscular system. Most of these diseases are rare, but many have a direct
      implication for anesthetic management and the anesthesiologist should be aware of
      them and the interaction of the patient's disease and the physician's drugs.

PMID- 3892238
TI  - The correlation between PEEP and CVP.

PMID- 3892239
TI  - Studies on toxin of Aspergillus fumigatus. XXII. Fashion of binding of Asp
      hemolysin to human erythrocytes and Asp-hemolysin-binding proteins of erythrocyte
      membranes.
AB  - The fashion of binding of Asp-hemolysin to human erythrocytes and the isolation
      of Asp-hemolysin-binding proteins from erythrocyte membranes were investigated by
      the immunocytochemical technique and affinity chromatography. Asp-hemolysin bound
      best at a pH range from 5 to 7. The erythrocytes treated with Asp-hemolysin
      showed diffuse, ring-like or cap-like staining by the peroxidase-labeled antibody
      method under the light microscope. The distribution of Asp-hemolysin on the
      erythrocyte surface was clearly observed as patches or caps in the scanning
      electron microscope. The erythrocyte ghosts were extracted with 1% sodium
      deoxycholate-0.1 M Tris-HC1 buffer (pH 7.5) containing 0.2 M NaCl and 1 mM EDTA,
      and the extract was chromatographed on an affinity column consisting of Asp
      hemolysin attached to activated thiol-Sepharose 4B. Four proteins present in the
      membrane extract were retained by activated thiol-Sepharose 4B and eluted with 50
      mM cysteine as toxin-membrane components. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis indicated that the polypeptides correspond to band 2.1, one
      protein of the 2 region, band 3 and band 7 in the Steck nomenclature system.

PMID- 3892240
TI  - Electrophoretic patterns of extracellular deoxyribonuclease (DNase) and their
      correlation with T-type in group A streptococci.
AB  - Molecular heterogeneity of the extracellular deoxyribonuclease (DNase) in group A
      streptococci was demonstrated in 42 clinical isolates. Although polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoretic patterns of the extracellular DNase of all the isolates were
      heterogeneous, they could be divided into five main patterns with respect to the
      presence or absence of three DNase components including DNase B. By comparing the
      electrophoretic patterns of DNase in all the isolates with their T-types, we
      found that the patterns were quite characteristic for their T-types, especially
      in the prevalent T-types 12 and 1, and that the isolates of T-types 12 and 1
      produced DNase B as their major extracellular DNase. Relative DNase B activity in
      the total extracellular DNase activity of group A, B, and G isolates was
      determined by the rapid method of neutralization with anti-DNase B antibody. The
      results showed neutralization of DNase activity in all the isolates of group A
      streptococci, largely corresponding to their T-types, but not of the isolates of
      groups B and G. These results indicate that the electrophoretic patterns of the
      extracellular DNase of group A streptococci are closely correlated with their T
      types, suggesting the physicochemical taxonomic value of these properties.

PMID- 3892241
TI  - Production of monoclonal antibodies against Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1.
AB  - Four monoclonal antibodies to Legionella pneumophila Philadelphia 1 were produced
      by the fusion of immunized BALB/c lymphocytes to a murine myeloma cell line. Two
      (Lp1-1 and Lp1-3) of the four monoclonal antibodies reacted with 14 L.
      pneumophila serogroup 1 strains, and the other (Lp1-2 and Lp1-4) reacted with
      only three out of 20 strains tested. These four monoclonal antibodies did not
      bind to any strains of L. pneumophila serogroup 2-7 and other Legionella species.
      In addition, it has been shown that these monoclonal antibodies may be useful not
      only for subserotyping of L. pneumophila but also for retrospective diagnosis
      using immunopathological methods.

PMID- 3892242
TI  - [Detection of lipopeptide complexes in lipid fractions of Proteus mirabilis].
AB  - Covalently bonded complexes of phospholipids with peptides were detected in the
      lipid fractions of Proteus mirabilis. The lipopeptides were developed with
      ninhydrin after treating thin-layer chromatograms with H1 or 0.1 N HCl at 100
      degrees C for 4 hours. The complexes can be chromatographed in silicic acid
      unfixed layers using neutral or weakly acidic systems of solvents. The complexes
      break down in layers fixed with gypsum or treated with diluted alkali solutions.
      The complexes can contain several phospholipid molecules which make them soluble
      in organic solvents. The lowest proportion between phospholipids and peptide
      components was 4:1. Apparently, the complexes contain O-ester and pyrophosphoric
      bonds.

PMID- 3892243
TI  - [Luminescence microscopy determination of the survival of yeasts after
      dehydration].
AB  - The technique of luminescent microscopy can be used to determine the survival
      rate of yeast organisms dehydrated by the convective method. If the cells were
      subjected to more severe extreme actions, the technique should be combined with
      the direct microscopy to follow the growth of reactivated organisms and to count
      the number of microcolonies being formed. The authors propose to classify the
      state of living organisms after the action of sublethal factors basing on the
      ability of cells to grow after reactivation.

PMID- 3892244
TI  - [Amino acid and mineral element content and the activity of various enzymes in
      germinating spores of Bacillus thuringiensis].
AB  - Changes in the content of dipicolinic acid and mineral elements were studied in
      the process of Bacillus thuringiensis spore germination. The spores released up
      to 28% of dipicolinic acid and 18% of calcium at the activation stage, and 93 and
      91%, respectively, at the initiation stage. At the same time, the content of Mg,
      Mn, Zn and P decreased while K, Na and Fe accumulated in the spores. The
      activities of total and serine proteases, alkaline phosphatase, NADH
      dehydrogenase and aldolase increased in the extract of initiated spores. The
      content of glutamate decreased in the free amino acid pool as early as by the
      30th second of the initiation stage.

PMID- 3892245
TI  - [Stability and dynamics of R-plasmids in Escherichia coli populations in
      continuous cultivation].
AB  - The stability of the conjugative plasmid RP4 and the nonconjugative plasmid pBS94
      in Escherichia coli C600 cells containing both plasmids was studied in continuous
      cultivation under chemostat and pH-stat conditions. The plasmids remained stable
      in the cells of the bacterial population for 100 generations, and no cells were
      found without the plasmids. The competition between strains with and without the
      plasmids in a mixed culture resulted in the removal of the plasmid-free strain
      from the population. In these experiments, conjugative transfer of plasmids into
      the plasmid-free strain was observed, and co-transfer of both plasmids was more
      effective under the pH-stat conditions.

PMID- 3892246
TI  - [Effect of acetate on the growth of Escherichia coli during aerobiosis and
      anaerobiosis].
AB  - The dynamics of acetate accumulation was studied in Escherichia coli K-12 batch
      cultures with a substrate addition. At pH 7.0, the growth stopped at 150 mmoles
      of acetate per litre of the medium under the aerobic conditions or at 35 mmoles
      of acetate per litre of the medium under the anaerobic conditions. Experiments
      with extraneous addition of acetate suggest that acetic acid plays a key role in
      inhibiting the growth of E. coli by acid metabolites. The authors propose a
      hypothetical mechanism to account for the inhibiting action of acetate.

PMID- 3892247
TI  - [Various characteristics of growth kinetics and exohydrolase synthesis in
      Aspergillus foetidus and Zygofabospora marxiana].
AB  - The kinetics of growth and synthesis of exohydrolases (polygalacturonases and
      proteinases) were studied in Aspergillus foetidus and Zygofabospora marxiana. The
      processes of growth and synthesis of polygalacturonases were found to be shifted
      in time. Endopolymethylgalacturonase of the micromycete and endopolygalacturonase
      of the yeast are not accumulated in the cells, but are mainly secreted into the
      growth medium. The maximal value of polygalacturonase bound to the cell coincides
      with the maximal rate of synthesis of the enzyme secreted into the medium and
      with the maximal level of cell-bound alkaline and acid proteinases. The activity
      of alkaline proteinase is not found in the growth medium of the cultures, and
      only traces of acid proteinase were detected. It is possible that proteinase are
      involved in processing of endopolygalacturonases.

PMID- 3892248
TI  - [Relationship between neonatal group B streptococcal colonization and the
      maternal urogenital and anorectal system carrier state].
AB  - In pregnant women, the main reservoirs of group B streptococci are rectum and
      urethra. The mother's birth canal and the newborn infant easily contact the
      organisms from these sites. We studied 40 women and their newborn babies to
      determine the relation between the maternal carriage and the neonatal group B
      streptococcal colonization. Vaginal, urethral and rectal swabs obtained from all
      pregnant women during labor. Within a few minutes after birth and on day 4 of
      life swab specimens were also taken from the external auditory canal, throat and
      umbilicus of the infants. The overall maternal carriage rate was found to be 10.0
      percent. The frequency of transmission to the neonates was found to be 25.0
      percent among maternal carriers. In early neonatal period, the colonization rate
      of group B streptococci was found to be 2,5 percent among the newborn population.

PMID- 3892249
TI  - [Shigella serotypes isolated July-October 1983 and their antibiotic sensitivity].
AB  - Twenty four strains of Shigella were isolated from the stool of patients who had
      been admitted to the hospital with the complaint of diarrhea. Of these, 17 were
      found to be Sh. flexneri, and 7 Sh. boydii. Antibiotic susceptibility tests
      indicated that all of the 24 isolates probably had multiple resistance factors.
      Twenty three of 24 strains were found to be resistant to ampicillin. This may be
      important from a therapeutic point of view.

PMID- 3892250
TI  - A hypothesis on the role of pheromones on age of menarche.
AB  - Over the last century and a half there has been a secular decline in the age of
      menarche in Western, industrialized cultures. This trend has been largely
      ascribed to improved nutrition and health, and we offer an alternative hypothesis
      that changes in socio-economic conditions have resulted in changes in the
      pheromonal climate to which prepubertal females are exposed, thereby affecting
      onset of menarche. Extensive data from non-human mammalian studies indicate that
      puberty in females is delayed by exposure to adult females, and accelerated by
      exposure to adult males. The mechanism is pheromonal. The pheromonal climate of
      the home may have changed since mothers are in the home less (more women now
      work) and fathers are in the home more (work day of 8 rather than 14 hr).
      Assuming humans respond similarly to pheromones, this change would contribute to
      a decline in age of menarche.

PMID- 3892251
TI  - Fundamentals of combating cancer metastasis by oxygen multistep immunostimulation
      processes.
AB  - Because more than 80% of all cancer deaths are caused by metastases, development
      and evaluation of methods for fighting tumor dissemination should be major tasks
      of present cancer research. Formation of metastases is favoured by both reduced
      numbers of immune cells in the bloodstream and impaired oxygen transport into
      tissues. These closely related signs often emerge concomitantly when the organism
      is endangered by circulating tumor cells released from the original tumor by
      therapeutic manipulations. From knowledge of these facts the O2-multistep
      immunostimulation technique has been developed as a way of diminishing the risk
      of tumor spread. The process combines temporary elevation of the number of
      circulating immune cells with continuous improvement of oxygen transport into
      tissues. The former is achieved by a peptide mixture isolated from thymus glands
      in combination with the chemical immunomodulator 2-cyano-ethyl urea; the latter
      is the outcome of several variants of the O2-multistep therapy discussed here.
      The efficiency ranges of the different variants are quantified on the basis of
      findings that allow assessment of the number of tumor cells which can be
      destroyed by this treatment. This number may be about 100 times the number of
      malignant cells that must be killed in terms of an effective metastasis
      prophylaxis (approximately 3 X 10(5)). The estimated efficiency range represents
      therefore a not yet fully exhausted preventive and possibly even therapeutic
      potential. To speed the introduction of the procedures described into practice,
      all clinical oncologists are encouraged to refer their patients to established
      facilities for O2-multistep immunostimulation after termination of any
      conventional therapy.

PMID- 3892252
TI  - Chronic granulocytic leukaemia: a defect in cellular interactions between stromal
      and haemopoietic stem cells?
AB  - Chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) is regarded as a myeloproliferative
      disorder; in the chronic phase, the disease is characterized by excessive
      proliferation of myeloid cells apparently in the absence of any physiological
      demand. The reason(s) why and how this purposeless proliferation of myeloid cells
      begins remains to be elucidated. Recent studies on cellular interaction between
      stromal and haemopoietic stem cells (HSC) suggests that the stromal cells exert
      some form of regulatory influence on the growth and differentiation of HSC. In
      this communication it is postulated that CGL may be the result of a defect in
      cellular interactions between the stromal and haemopoietic stem cells.

PMID- 3892253
TI  - RISH III. Haplotype-sharing in immune responses.
AB  - A number of hypotheses have been proposed for the reactivity of lymphocytes with
      allogeneic tissue. However, these hypotheses have not been generally accepted for
      they cannot accommodate the observation that lymphocytes from chimeras cooperate
      with each other. Also, only a few percent of lymphocytes react with allogeneic
      tissue in rejection reactions.

PMID- 3892254
TI  - Adolph Hitler.

PMID- 3892255
TI  - Vitamins and neural tube defects.

PMID- 3892256
TI  - Disorders of gastric emptying and the application of radionuclide techniques.
AB  - There has been a greatly increased understanding of the physiology of gastric
      emptying in normal subjects, and of the pathophysiology and pharmacological
      treatment of gastric emptying disorders associated with the development and
      application of methods to quantify gastric emptying in humans. The non-invasive
      measurement of gastric emptying by means of radionuclide-labelled food markers
      has widespread clinical and research applications.

PMID- 3892257
TI  - Vitamins and neural tube defects.

PMID- 3892258
TI  - Problems with growth hormone.

PMID- 3892259
TI  - Acebutolol.

PMID- 3892260
TI  - Marrow transplant experience in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an
      analysis of factors associated with survival, relapse, and graft-versus-host
      disease.
AB  - One hundred fourteen children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were treated with
      allogeneic marrow transplantation from HLA-identical siblings after conditioning
      with cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation. Methotrexate was given
      posttransplantation for prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease. The minimum
      follow-up after transplantation was 2 years. Sixteen of 51 patients transplanted
      in marrow remission survive from 2.1 to 8.9 years (median 2.7), 13 in continuous
      remission, one in remission following testicular relapse, and two after marrow
      relapse. Sixty-three were transplanted in relapse and eight survived 3-10 years
      (median 5.7), five in continuous remission, and three in remission following
      testicular relapse. In a multivariate analysis, factors significantly related to
      increased survival were marrow remission at transplant (p less than 0.007) and
      chronic graft-versus-host disease (p less than 0.005). Factors associated with
      increased relapse were marrow relapse at transplant (p less than 0.002) and
      absence of significant graft-versus-host disease (p less than 0.004). The
      development of acute graft-versus-host disease was associated with high marrow
      cell doses (p less than 0.04). These data suggest that some children with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia and a poor prognosis with conventional chemotherapy may be
      cured with marrow transplantation.

PMID- 3892261
TI  - [Comparative diagnostic effectiveness of the indirect immunofluorescence and
      complement fixation reactions to cold in the diagnosis of human trichinosis].

PMID- 3892262
TI  - [Effectiveness of mebendazole and bithionol in opisthorchiasis].

PMID- 3892263
TI  - Cumulative index to Medical Physics. Volumes 1-10. 1974-1983.

PMID- 3892264
TI  - Disturbances in mineral metabolism after successful renal transplantation.
AB  - Abnormalities of mineral metabolism remain a clinical problem after successful
      renal transplantation. These disturbances may be the result of derangements in
      divalent ion, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and/or vitamin D metabolism. We therefore
      measured serum Ca, phosphorus, PTH and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]
      levels and fractional intestinal Ca absorption (alpha) in 6 patients before and
      after successful transplantation (early, less than or equal to 6 months). 3 were
      reexamined later (late, greater than or equal to 24 months after
      transplantation). The patients exhibited decreased serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D and
      alpha before the renal transplantation. In the early stages, renal
      transplantation reduced serum phosphorus from 5.55 +/- (SD)1.96 to 2.96 +/- 0.95
      mg/dl (p less than 0.02); this was accompanied by a rise in serum 1,25(OH)2D from
      8.7 +/- 1.5 to 26.3 +/- 8.4 pg/ml (p less than 0.005). The calcemic response to
      PTH infusion became normal, since the increment in serum Ca rose from 0.45 +/-
      0.21 mg/dl before transplantation to 1.03 +/- 0.18 mg/dl early after
      transplantation. Although the mean value for alpha increase significantly from
      0.263 +/- 0.048 to 0.402 +/- 0.175 (p less than 0.05), alpha was subnormal in 3
      patients (alpha less than 0.37). Urinary Ca was high in 3 patients, and it
      exceeded absorbed Ca (from intestines) in 4 patients (indicative of negative Ca
      balance). Serum PTH fell significantly but remained above normal. It was hoped
      that late after transplantation, when patients were maintained on smaller doses
      of oral glucocorticoids, these abnormalities would be ameliorated. However,
      hypercalciuria was found in 2 of 3 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3892265
TI  - The Edwin Smith Papyrus from ancient Egypt. The world's first surgical treatise.

PMID- 3892266
TI  - Hospital in the Sistine Chapel.

PMID- 3892267
TI  - Hotel-Dieu de Beaune.

PMID- 3892268
TI  - Transfer of Greek knowledge to Western civilization. The Arab connection.

PMID- 3892269
TI  - The Jacksonian era--its influence on the evolution of organized dentistry (John
      Andrew Jackson).

PMID- 3892270
TI  - [Clinical experiences with the substitution of biosynthetic human insulin in
      children and adolescents with type I diabetes].
AB  - The therapeutic efficiacy of biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) is compared to that
      of porcine insulin into groups of 10 children each with so far untreated type I
      diabetes. No significant difference between the two groups could be demonstrated
      throughout the first months of treatment: both the initial substitution dose, and
      the rate of partial remission were similar. However, the regimen of the BHI
      treated patients had to be changed to two injections a day earlier, since BHI
      given subcutaneously results in a faster and shorter lasting response than
      porcine insulin. Thus, after 9 and 12 months of treatment a higher BHI dose than
      porcine insulin dose had to be given. Thirty children pretreated with regular and
      NPH porcine insulin, who were in the post remission period, were transferred to
      BHI. First, the needed dose of insulin was significantly reduced. Two to three
      months later, however, the need in insulin increased, so that after 9 and 12
      months the original dose had to be given again. The relationship between morning
      (2/3) and evening (1/3) dose was constant and in the morning as well as in the
      evening the ratio between regular and NPH-BHI was 40%/60%. There was no
      significant improvement or deterioration after replacing porcine by human
      insulin, since both insulins have the same metabolic effects.

PMID- 3892271
TI  - [Torsion of a wandering spleen].
AB  - The torsion of an ectopic (= wandering) spleen is a rare entity especially in
      children. Clinically it presents either with signs of an "acute abdomen" or as a
      fairly painful abdominal "tumor" of the chronic recurrent type. Ultrasonography,
      arteriography, and additional scintigraphy in special cases are of greatest value
      in the preoperative diagnostic management. Splenopexy, sometimes after resecting
      parts of a very enlarged organ, is the therapy of choice. The complete
      exstirpation of the ectopic spleen should be reserved only for exceptional cases.
      By presenting a case report, the etiologic factors, the clinical signs, the
      diagnostic steps, the differential diagnostic considerations as well as the mode
      of therapy for this rare disease are described and discussed.

PMID- 3892272
TI  - [2-frequency artificial respiration--a new therapeutic concept].
AB  - A new respiration system is described. The system has been developed for the
      therapy of very ill newborn and premature infants (RDS stage IV, gestation age
      less than 28 weeks, severe pneumonia etc.). The special feature of the new
      respiratory device is an alternating between cycles with low frequencies and
      relatively high amplitudes, and breathes with low amplitudes and relatively high
      frequencies.

PMID- 3892273
TI  - Travelers' diarrhea. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development
      Conference Statement.

PMID- 3892274
TI  - [The role of transmural permeability disorders in the pathomechanism of
      arteriosclerosis. II. Model experiments].

PMID- 3892275
TI  - Crohn's disease and pregnancy: a literature study.

PMID- 3892276
TI  - Mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome assay of tobacco condensates formed
      during pipe smoking.
AB  - The condensates collected after pipe smoking of a natural tobacco and a cavendish
      type tobacco, either unwrapped or wrapped in a paper "saver" bag, were tested for
      mutagenicity in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay with strains TA100 and
      TA98. The number of revertants induced with cavendish type tobacco in the
      presence of metabolic activation (mouse-liver S9) was higher in both strains
      compared to the natural tobacco. Further increase in the number of revertants
      (approx. 3 times) was consistently seen when the tobacco was smoked after paper
      wrapping "savers".

PMID- 3892277
TI  - Mutagenicity arising from near-ultraviolet irradiation of N-nitrosomorpholine.
AB  - When a mixture of N-nitrosomorpholine and S. typhimurium TA100 in saline was
      irradiated with near-ultraviolet light, mutagenesis of the bacteria took place.
      The same observation was made with S. typhimurium TA1535, E. coli WP2 uvrA,
      pKM101 and uvrA/pKM101. Several other nitrosamines showed ed the same, but
      weaker, effect. Evidence is presented to indicate that the mutagenicity arises
      from the cellular phosphate-mediated photochemical formation of direct-acting
      mutagen from the nitrosamine.

PMID- 3892278
TI  - Mutagenicity of beta-glucuronidase in the Ames test.
AB  - The enzyme preparation beta-glucuronidase/arylsulphatase from Helix pomatia
      (Boehringer) caused base-pair substitutions in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and
      TA1535 strains within the dose range of 0.50-50 microliter per plate. No effect
      was observed in the TA98 strain. The presence of S9 mix did not substantially
      affect the mutagenic potential of beta-G. The number of induced revertants
      decreased continually from experiment to experiment carried out in the course of
      12 weeks.

PMID- 3892279
TI  - The orientation of the nitro substituent predicts the direct-acting bacterial
      mutagenicity of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

PMID- 3892280
TI  - Mutagenesis of anaerobic cultures of Salmonella typhimurium by nitrosoguanidine,
      diethyl sulfate and 9-aminoacridine.
AB  - Despite a previous report to the contrary, anaerobic cultures of Salmonella
      typhimurium strain LT2 hisG46 are revertible (although to a slightly reduced
      extent) by both N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and diethyl sulfate, while
      anaerobic cultures of a strain carrying the frameshift hisC3076 marker are fully
      revertible by 9-aminoacridine.

PMID- 3892281
TI  - Interaction of a mutator with a mutationally stable genetic system in Escherichia
      coli.

PMID- 3892282
TI  - On the genotoxicity of the pesticides Endodan and Kilacar in 6 different test
      systems.
AB  - Two pesticides, the fungicide Endodan (ethylene thiuram monosulphide) and the
      insecticide-acaricide Kilacar (bis(parachlorophenyl)cyclopropyl methanol),
      produced or used in the neighbouring countries of Bulgaria and Greece were
      investigated in a coordinated research programme for their genotoxic effects in a
      variety of test systems. This included the Ames test, Aspergillus nidulans for
      mitotic segregation, in vitro human lymphocyte cell cultures for SCE and
      chromosomal aberrations, in vivo bone marrow cells in hamsters and rats and the
      dominant lethal test in rats. The genotoxicity of Endodan was found to range from
      negative to slightly positive in different test systems. At concentrations of 7.5
      and 12.0 micrograms/plate together with S9 mix it induced base-pair substitutions
      in the TA100 strain of Salmonella typhimurium at a rather low level. At a dose of
      93 mg/kg b.w. it also caused chromosomal aberrations in acutely treated hamster
      bone marrow cells. A significant increase of SCE was also found in human
      lymphocyte cultures at a concentration of 20.0 micrograms/ml. Endodan was found
      to be negative in A. nidulans for somatic segregation, lymphocyte cultures for
      chromosomal aberrations and mitotic activity and in rats for dominant lethals and
      chromosomal aberrations. Kilacar was found to be a weak mutagen in the TA97
      strain of S. typhimurium at concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 micrograms/plate
      together with S9 mix. At concentrations of 1.0, 1.5 and 2 micrograms/ml Kilacar
      increased the number of mitotic segregants in A. nidulans by 160%, 220% and 156%
      respectively over the control. In Syrian hamster bone marrow cells after acute
      administration at concentrations of 0, 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg, the MI was 5.50,
      4.30, 3.10 and 1.30 respectively, and an increase in chromosomal aberrations of
      about 300% over the control was observed with a concentration of 80 mg/kg. In
      human lymphocytes no significant changes were observed in either MI or SCE. In
      the dominant lethal test after chronic treatment of male rats at doses of 5.1,
      10.2 and 102.0 mg/kg b.w. no significant mutagenic effect was found although a
      decrease was shown in the percentage of females with implants mated with treated
      males in the first week.

PMID- 3892283
TI  - Three consistent patterns of response to substituted acridines in a variety of
      bacterial tester strains used for mutagenicity testing.
AB  - 91 substituted acridines were tested for mutagenicity in 1 strain of Escherichia
      coli (TA78) and 4 strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA90, TA1537, TA98 and
      TA100). In general, compounds fall into 3 groups: (i) inactive in all strains,
      (ii) active in TA78, TA90 and TA1537, or (iii) active in TA98 and often one or
      more of the other frameshift strains. Compounds of class iii have previously been
      shown to differ from the others in causing excisible damage to DNA and in showing
      an enhanced mutagenic response when the plasmid pKM101 is present.

PMID- 3892284
TI  - Mutagenic/carcinogenic agents in indoor pollutants; the dinitropyrenes generated
      by kerosene heaters and fuel gas and liquefied petroleum gas burners.
AB  - Incomplete combustion of kerosene heater, and fuel gas and liquefied petroleum
      gas-burner emissions produces indoor pollutants that may be carcinogenic. The
      incomplete-combustion products from each type of appliance were therefore
      collected by adsorption on about 3 g of XAD-2 resin, and were extracted with
      benzene-methanol as a solvent for determination and identification of mutagens in
      the Salmonella-microsome test system. Benzene-methanol extracts of the
      particulates generated by a heater and two burners showed extreme mutagenicity
      for strains TA97 and TA98 without S9 mix. Based on the results of analysis, a
      combination of high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) and gas
      chromatography (GC), about 40-80% of the direct-acting mutagenicity in each crude
      extract showed the same h.p.l.c. and GC retention times as dinitropyrenes (1,3-,
      1,6- and 1,8-isomers), and 1-nitropyrene. Moreover, other nitroarenes, 2
      nitrofluorene, 1,5- and 1,8-dinitronaphthalene, and 4,4'-dinitrobiphenyl, were
      detectable in almost all samples, but their contribution to the mutagenicity of
      each extract was very low. Kerosene heaters were found to generate small amounts
      (0.2 ng/h) of dinitropyrenes, which are potential mutagens/carcinogens, only
      after 1 h of operation.

PMID- 3892285
TI  - Evaluation of 1,3-pentadiene for mutagenicity by the Salmonella/mammalian
      microsome assay.
AB  - 1,3-Pentadiene, a food contaminant produced by some molds when they metabolize
      sorbic acid, was tested for mutagenicity, using variations of the
      Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay. The chemical was incorporated into the test
      system (with and without S9 mix) by 3 methods: (a) the standard plate
      incorporation assay, (b) a liquid preincubation procedure and (c) exposure of
      test bacteria in the soft agar overlay to gaseous 1,3-pentadiene. The chemical
      was extremely toxic to the test bacteria with amounts as low as 2.0
      microgram/plate causing cell death. However, none of the nonlethal concentrations
      tested by any of the methods was mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium strains
      TA97, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 or TA1538.

PMID- 3892286
TI  - Studies on chemical carcinogens and mutagens. XXIX. Mutagenic N
      trimethylsilylmethyl-N-nitrosourea as a biological alkylating agent equivalent to
      N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU).
AB  - N-Trimethylsilylmethyl-N-nitrosourea (TMS-MNU), a silicon analogue of N-neopentyl
      N-nitrosourea (neoPNU), was assayed for mutagenicity and/or cytotoxicity on a
      series of E. coli B tester strains, S. typhimurium TA100, Chinese hamster V79,
      and cultured murine leukemia L1210 cells. All the biological activities
      demonstrated in this study reveal that this nitrosourea is a biological
      methylating agent equivalent to N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) but definitely
      distinguished from all the other alkylnitrosoureas examined so far, including
      neoPNU (the carbon analogue of TMS-MNU). The proposed molecular mechanism is that
      trimethylsilylmethanediazohydroxide is produced by hydrolytic activation of TMS
      MNU and undergoes a nucleophilic cleavage of the Si--CH2 chemical bond at a high
      rate to form methanediazohydroxide (the reactive intermediate of MNU) which, in
      turn, methylates the informational biopolymer leading to mutagenesis.

PMID- 3892287
TI  - Mutagenic activation of dialkylnitrosamines by intact urothelial cells.
AB  - Intact urothelial cells isolated from bladders of untreated inbred NZO/BIGd or
      NZC/BIGd mice and NZR/Gd rats activated dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl, and dibutyl
      nitrosamines in a liquid culture mutagenesis fluctuation assay using Salmonella
      typhimurium TA100 as target organism. Rat and mouse urothelial cells were highly
      effective at 1.5 X 10(5) cells/ml, in O2 gas phase, and no cofactors were
      required. Relative mutagenic activities were estimated at equitoxic (LD50)
      concentrations of the 4 nitrosamines. Nitrosamines with odd-carbon chain
      substitutents were more active than the C-even compounds. Although
      dibutylnitrosamine is a powerful bladder carcinogen in both rats and mice while
      the other 3 compounds very rarely cause bladder tumours, the most active
      promutagens were dipropyl and dimethyl, followed by diethyl and dibutyl
      nitrosamines. None were active in absence of urothelial cells. Mouse bladder
      cells were more active than those from NZR rats. There were sex differences in
      the mice with NZC males and NZO females predominating, but in NZR rats urothelial
      cells from male and female animals were equally active. These dialkylnitrosamines
      are widely distributed in the environment, and our results indicate that direct
      mutagenic activation in the urothelium could be one factor contributing to the
      incidence of bladder cancer.

PMID- 3892288
TI  - [Local therapy of pityriasis versicolor: antimycotic agent or shampoo?].

PMID- 3892289
TI  - Evaluation of the antifungal activity of fenticonazole on strains of Candida
      albicans on cellular lines.

PMID- 3892290
TI  - [Concentration-contact time relationship in the effect of antimycotic drug
      combinations (clotrimazole, nystatin, 5-fluorocytosine) and the effect of
      increasing and decreasing antimycotic drug concentrations on Candida albicans].

PMID- 3892291
TI  - Variations in the organization of repetitive DNA sequences in the genomes of
      Plasmodium falciparum clones.
AB  - Repetitive DNA in cultured Plasmodium falciparum was examined by restriction
      digestion and transfer hybridization, using cloned repetitive DNA probes. The
      arrangement of repetitive DNA was unstable: after 6 months culture of a cloned
      population, variations could be detected. Significant differences can be seen
      between clones derived from a single isolate, and are even more marked between
      isolates of diverse geographical origin. No cross-species conservation was seen
      for the sequences examined, and no relationship was observed between their
      representation in the P. falciparum genome and the potential for sexual
      differentiation.

PMID- 3892292
TI  - Cloning studies on the gene coding for L-(+)-lactate dehydrogenase of Plasmodium
      falciparum.
AB  - We show that the L-(+)-lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27;L-lactate: NAD+
      oxidoreductase) of Plasmodium falciparum (LDH-P) is encoded in the parasite
      genome. A monoclonal antibody (McAb 7.2) has been shown to bind the LDH-P subunit
      which has an apparent molecular mass of 35 kDa. A polyclonal antiserum raised
      against affinity purified LDH-P has been used to isolate cDNA clones containing
      LDH-P epitopes from a lambda gt11Tn5 expression library. DNA sequence analysis of
      one clone, lambda LDH-P.1, reveals a single open reading frame which shows a
      degree of homology to the N-terminal domain of known LDH amino acid sequences.

PMID- 3892294
TI  - Current concepts. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

PMID- 3892293
TI  - Comparison of ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine in the treatment of
      onchocerciasis.
AB  - We compared ivermectin with diethylcarbamazine for the treatment of
      onchocerciasis in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Thirty men with
      moderate to heavy infection and ocular involvement were randomly assigned to
      receive ivermectin in a single oral dose (200 micrograms per kilogram of body
      weight), diethylcarbamazine daily for eight days, or placebo. Diethylcarbamazine
      caused a significantly more severe systemic reaction than ivermectin (P less than
      0.001), whereas the reaction to ivermectin did not differ from the reaction to
      placebo. Diethylcarbamazine markedly increased the number of punctate opacities
      in the eye (P less than 0.001), as well as the number of dead and living
      microfilariae in the cornea over the first week of therapy. Ivermectin had no
      such effect. Both ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine promptly reduced skin
      microfilaria counts, but only in the ivermectin group did counts remain
      significantly lower (P less than 0.005) than in the placebo group at the end of
      six months of observation. Analysis of adult worms isolated from nodules obtained
      two months after the start of therapy showed no effect of either drug on
      viability. Ivermectin appears to be a better tolerated, safer, and more effective
      microfilaricidal agent than diethylcarbamazine for the treatment of
      onchocerciasis.

PMID- 3892295
TI  - Measuring levels of methotrexate.

PMID- 3892296
TI  - Dermal deposition of eosinophil-granule major basic protein in atopic dermatitis.
      Comparison with onchocerciasis.
AB  - Although blood eosinophilia is commonly present in atopic dermatitis,
      accumulation of tissue eosinophils is not prominent. To determine whether
      eosinophil degranulation occurs in lesions of atopic dermatitis, we analyzed
      tissues by immunofluorescence for the presence of the eosinophil-granule major
      basic protein. Twenty biopsy specimens from 18 patients with atopic dermatitis
      were studied, and all showed major basic protein staining outside eosinophils. In
      18 specimens, the staining was fibrillar, was located in the upper half of the
      dermis, and was similar to the distribution of elastic fibers. Twelve specimens
      with fibrillar staining also showed major basic protein staining in the form of
      extracellular granules. One specimen from unaffected skin showed minimal faint,
      fine, fluorescing fibrils, but there was marked deposition of the protein in
      affected skin. The fibrillar pattern of major basic protein staining in atopic
      dermatitis was very similar to that seen in lichenified lesions of untreated
      onchocerciasis. These results suggest that eosinophils commonly release granule
      proteins in the dermis and that assessment of eosinophil involvement in disease
      cannot be based simply on numbers of eosinophils in tissue.

PMID- 3892297
TI  - Management of medical problems in pregnancy--severe cardiac disease.

PMID- 3892298
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 31-1985. A 43-year-old man with nine years of fever of unknown
      origin.

PMID- 3892299
TI  - Acute fatty liver of pregnancy.

PMID- 3892301
TI  - A survey of operating room nursing between the Great Wars.

PMID- 3892300
TI  - A review of factors affecting biosynthesis of carotenoids by the order Mucorales.
AB  - This is a review of factors affecting carotenogenesis by the order Mucorales
      which includes Phycomyces blakesleeanus, Choanephora cucurbitarum and Blakeslea
      trispora. The Mucorales have opposite sex types and when mated, beta-carotene
      production is increased 15 to 20 times. Trisporic acids are the substances
      produced upon mating which stimulate carotenogenesis. Structural analogs have
      been shown to mimic the actions of the trisporic acids. The common denominator of
      the stimulators is the ionone ring and the hydrocarbon side chain. Secondary
      metabolism is discussed as well as the use of food byproducts to stimulate,
      specifically, the production of beta-carotene by B. trispora.

PMID- 3892302
TI  - Acetylcholine receptor-aggregating factor is similar to molecules concentrated at
      neuromuscular junctions.
AB  - The basal lamina in the synaptic cleft of the vertebrate skeletal neuromuscular
      junction contains molecules that direct the formation of synaptic specializations
      in regenerating axons and muscle fibres. We have undertaken a series of
      experiments aimed at identifying and characterizing the molecules responsible for
      the formation of one of these specializations, the aggregates of acetylcholine
      receptors (AChRs) in the muscle fibre plasma membrane. We began by preparing an
      insoluble, basal lamina-containing fraction from Torpedo californica electric
      organ, a tissue which has a far higher concentration of cholinergic synapses than
      muscle, and showing that this fraction caused AChRs on cultured chick myotubes to
      aggregate. A critical step is learning whether or not the electric organ factor
      is similar to the receptor-aggregating molecule in the basal lamina at the
      neuromuscular junction. The importance of this problem is emphasized by reports
      that clearly non-physiological agents, such as positively charged latex beads,
      can cause AChR aggregation on cultured muscle cells. We have already shown that
      Torpedo muscle contains an AChR-aggregating factor similar to that of electric
      organ, although in much lower amounts. Here we demonstrate, using monoclonal
      antibodies, that the AChR-aggregating factor in our extracts of electric organ
      is, in fact, antigenically related to molecules concentrated in the synaptic
      cleft at the neuromuscular junction.

PMID- 3892303
TI  - Reorganization of alpha-fodrin induced by stimulation in secretory cells.
AB  - Spectrin is an ubiquitous protein composed of heterodimers with alpha and beta
      subunits. It was first described in erythrocyte cell membranes (see ref. 1 for
      review) and subsequently in brain, intestinal brush borders, kidney, liver and
      adrenals. Brain spectrin (fodrin) alpha-subunit, responsible for actin binding,
      has a relative molecular mass (Mr) of 240,000, whereas the beta-subunit, involved
      in membrane attachment, has an Mr of 235,000 (refs 1, 3, 9-13). The membrane of
      secretory granules from adrenal chromaffin cells membrane of secretory granules
      from adrenal chromaffin cells increases the viscosity of F-actin solution, and
      spectrin-like protein is associated with storage granule and plasma membranes.
      Here, we report the localization of fodrin in secretory cells using monospecific
      antibodies against the alpha-subunit of fodrin using indirect immunofluorescence.
      We find that the alpha-subunit forms an intensely stained continuous ring in the
      subplasmalemmal region of resting chromaffin cells. On stimulation of the cell
      with nicotine, high potassium or ionophores in the presence of calcium, fodrin
      forms patches. This aggregation is inhibited by trifluoperazine, hence the
      entrance of calcium into cells following cell depolarization seems to be the
      calmodulin-dependent stimulus initiating patch formation.

PMID- 3892305
TI  - Production of transgenic rabbits, sheep and pigs by microinjection.
AB  - Direct microinjection has been used to introduce foreign DNA into a number of
      terminally differentiated cell types as well as embryos of several species
      including sea urchin, Candida elegans, Xenopus, Drosophila and mice. Various
      genes have been successfully introduced into mice including constructs consisting
      of the mouse metallothionein-I (MT) promoter/regulator region fused to either the
      rat or human growth hormone (hGH) structural genes. Transgenic mice harbouring
      such genes commonly exhibit high, metal-inducible levels of the fusion messenger
      RNA in several organs, substantial quantities of the foreign growth hormone in
      serum and enhanced growth. In addition, the gene is stably incorporated into the
      germ line, making the phenotype heritable. Because of the scientific importance
      and potential economic value of transgenic livestock containing foreign genes, we
      initiated studies on large animals by microinjecting the fusion gene, MT-hGH,
      into the pronuclei or nuclei of eggs from superovulated rabbits, sheep and pigs.
      We report here integration of the gene in all three species and expression of the
      gene in transgenic rabbits and pigs.

PMID- 3892304
TI  - Insulin receptor tyrosine kinase is defective in skeletal muscle of insulin
      resistant obese mice.
AB  - Obese syndromes of genetic origin or experimentally induced are characterized by
      resistance to insulin both in vivo (association of hyperglycaemia and
      hyperinsulinaemia) and in vitro. Thus, skeletal muscle of obese mice, which is
      the most important target organ for the action of insulin, displays a reduced
      response to insulin. This hormonal resistance cannot be explained by the moderate
      decrease in the number of insulin receptors found in obese animals. In fact, it
      is generally believed that a biochemical event occurring very early after binding
      of insulin to its receptor, which is the first step in insulin action, is
      defective in obesity. One of the earliest post-binding events so far recognized,
      and which is thought to have a key role in cellular signalling by the insulin
      receptor, is the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of its receptor. In an effort
      to localize the defect responsible for the insulin resistance in obesity, we have
      studied the insulin receptor protein kinase activity and we show here that
      insulin receptors from skeletal muscles of insulin-resistant obese mice have an
      altered kinase activity for phosphorylation of both the receptor itself and of
      exogeneous substrates.

PMID- 3892306
TI  - Identification of myosin heavy chain in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Motility in biological systems is expressed in a variety of ways, such as
      cytoplasmic streaming, cell shaping, nuclear migration and muscle contraction.
      These functions are thought to be mediated by structural proteins, for example,
      myosin, actin and tubulin. The involvement of myosin in muscle contraction is
      well documented and this protein is implicated in generating the cleavage forces
      during cytokinesis in some non-muscle cells. Here, we report the isolation of a
      protein similar to myosin as judged by its biochemical and immunological
      properties, from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Parts of the protein have
      been conserved through evolution at the protein and DNA sequence levels. The
      presence of this protein in the region bordering mother cell and bud, as revealed
      by immunofluorescence, suggests that it is involved in cell division.

PMID- 3892308
TI  - [The Shigella flexneri epidemic of 1983/84: the lesson to be learned from this].

PMID- 3892307
TI  - Overproduction of p53 antigen makes established cells highly tumorigenic.
AB  - The p53 cellular tumour antigen, long known to be overproduced in a variety of
      neoplastically transformed cells, was recently shown to be directly involved in
      transformation. Thus, p53 can complement activated Ha-ras in transforming
      secondary rat embryo fibroblasts into grossly altered, tumorigenic cells.
      Moreover, p53 can also be shown to possess immortalizing activity. Our previous
      results indicated, however, that the contribution of p53 to the transformation
      was not synonymous with immortalization, suggesting that the two activities of
      the protein are probably separable. We demonstrate here that this is indeed the
      case, as overproduction of p53 in an established cell line, while not causing
      gross morphological changes, endows these cells with an overt tumorigenic
      potential. Furthermore, the tumorigenic efficiency of such cell lines may be
      correlated with the extent of p53 over-production.

PMID- 3892309
TI  - [Antibiotic resistance in the isolates of Shigella flexneri type 2 associated
      with the "shrimp epidemic"].

PMID- 3892310
TI  - [5 cases of reactive arthritis following a Shigella flexneri epidemic in the
      Netherlands].

PMID- 3892311
TI  - [Bacillary dysentery in Utrecht: 2 epidemics].

PMID- 3892312
TI  - [Clinical observations during an epidemic caused by Shigella flexneri].

PMID- 3892313
TI  - [Pathological anatomy in family practice].

PMID- 3892315
TI  - Smoothing out the stress.

PMID- 3892314
TI  - [Diabetes control and late complications].

PMID- 3892316
TI  - Relating to our roots: the history of Air Force nurses' flight wings.

PMID- 3892317
TI  - A career ladder step: you need certification (develop your career potential!).

PMID- 3892318
TI  - The pleasant career of a busy ob-gyn.

PMID- 3892319
TI  - Ranitidine in the management of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

PMID- 3892320
TI  - Multiple organ procurement.

PMID- 3892321
TI  - Long term follow-up of living kidney donors. A two-centre study.

PMID- 3892322
TI  - Human ABO-incompatible living donor renal homografts.

PMID- 3892323
TI  - The influence of HLA-DRw6 on donor-recipient selection in kidney transplantation.

PMID- 3892324
TI  - Treatment of acute rejection of renal allografts with antithymocyte globulin or
      high-dosage prednisone. Influence of recipient DRw6 and DR matching.

PMID- 3892325
TI  - Monitoring for lymphocytotoxic antibodies after platelet transfusions.

PMID- 3892326
TI  - Information and long-term follow-up of a large number of related kidney donors at
      a single institution.

PMID- 3892327
TI  - DRw6 antigen and severe non-immunological complications.

PMID- 3892328
TI  - Preliminary experience with cadaveric donor-specific platelet transfusions
      (CDSPT) prior to kidney transplantation.

PMID- 3892329
TI  - Treatment of steroid-resistant rejections with ATG and/or plasma filtration
      improves graft survival rates after cadaveric kidney transplantation.

PMID- 3892330
TI  - Experience with cyclosporin/prednisolone therapy in kidney transplantation, with
      special reference to nephrotoxicity, ATN and kidney preservation.

PMID- 3892331
TI  - Insulin therapy. A symposium on background and practice of modern insulin use.
      Amsterdam, September 10-11, 1984.

PMID- 3892332
TI  - Miscibility of short- and intermediate-acting insulins.

PMID- 3892333
TI  - Physiology of insulin secretion: problems of quantity and timing.

PMID- 3892334
TI  - Various influences on insulin absorption.

PMID- 3892335
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of intermediate-acting insulins: tracer studies.

PMID- 3892336
TI  - Strategy of insulin treatment in type I diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3892337
TI  - Highlights of clinical experiences with recombinant human insulin (rDNA) and
      human proinsulin (rDNA).

PMID- 3892338
TI  - Immunogenicity of insulin of various origins.

PMID- 3892339
TI  - Insulin antibodies--do they matter?

PMID- 3892340
TI  - The dawn phenomenon--fact or artefact?

PMID- 3892341
TI  - Does continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) prolong the remission phase
      of insulin-dependent diabetic children? Preliminary findings of a randomized
      prospective study.

PMID- 3892342
TI  - Kinetics of intermediate-acting insulins: clamp studies.

PMID- 3892343
TI  - Immunogenicity of bovine, porcine and semisynthetic human insulin.

PMID- 3892344
TI  - Insulin treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

PMID- 3892345
TI  - Serum potassium concentrations in cyclosporine- and azathioprine-treated renal
      transplant patients.
AB  - Hyperkalemia was commonly observed in successful renal transplant patients
      treated with cyclosporine and prednisone. At 1, 3 and 6 months after
      transplantation, 13 of 50, 9 of 50, and 5 of 50 patients, respectively, had serum
      concentrations of potassium greater than 5 mEq/1. This contrasts with the finding
      of hyperkalemia in only 1 of 13 comparable patients treated with azathioprine and
      prednisone. Mean serum concentrations of potassium at these dates were
      significantly higher in cyclosporine-treated patients than azathioprine-treated
      patients. The 2 patient groups had similar mean serum concentrations of chloride,
      bicarbonate and creatinine, and mean creatinine clearances at 1 and 3 months.
      Exposure to diuretic agents and antihypertensive agents was similar in the 2
      groups. Serum concentrations of electrolytes and renal function data in
      hyperkalemic and normokalemic transplant patients receiving cyclosporine were
      similar. These observations suggest an association between cyclosporine
      administration and hyperkalemia in renal transplant recipients.

PMID- 3892346
TI  - Genetic factor(s) influence scar formation in experimental pyelonephritis.
AB  - Two inbred strains of rat have been identified that show markedly different
      responses to experimentally induced renal infection. Experiments involving these
      two strains and their F1 progeny have shown that a genetic factor either protects
      the host from a tissue-destructive inflammatory response (autosomal dominant
      gene) or potentiates lesion formation (autosomal recessive gene). The data are
      the first indication that genetic factors may determine the degree of renal
      damage in pyelonephritis.

PMID- 3892347
TI  - Early aneurysm operation and vasospasm. Intracranial Doppler findings.
AB  - Modern ultrasonic Doppler systems enable us for the first time to carry out
      intraoperative and pre- and postoperative investigations of the circle of Willis.
      The application of Doppler in acute aneurysm surgery provided the following
      information: During the first 3 days following subarachnoid bleeding from a
      cerebral aneurysm, no signs of vasospastic reaction were found by Doppler
      sonography. Thereafter, 90% of all patients operated on in the acute stage
      demonstrated localized acceleration as a sign of vasospasm, despite prophylactic
      nimodipine treatment. Thirty-eight percent of the patients developed delayed
      ischemic deficits, which, however, were only transient. These results may
      indicate that early surgery and nimodipine prophylaxis may not prevent vasospasm
      but do reduce its consequences.

PMID- 3892348
TI  - Preventive nimodipine and acute aneurysm surgery. Heading for the control of
      complications after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
AB  - Experimental and clinical studies have been performed to investigate the validity
      of a pharmacological approach to prevent delayed ischemic neurologic deficit from
      vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: the calcium channel blocker nimodipine
      was administered intravenously and perivascularly. Pial arteries of cat dilated
      by 25% during 1 microgram/kg-1 min-1 intravenous infusion; perivascular
      application of a 2.4 X 10(-5) M solution induced a 21% dilatation, the ethanol
      containing solvent alone a 6% dilatation. A 1 microgram/kg-1 min-1 intravenous
      infusion of nimodipine in patients during EC-IC bypass operation led to a 16%
      dilatation of pial arteries; the solvent remained without effect. Perivascular
      application of a 2.4 X 10(-5) M solution during aneurysm surgery evoked a 70-80%
      dilatation of pial arteries, solvent-treated arteries dilated between 5 and 40%.
      In a multicenter study on 120 patients with preventive nimodipine treatment and
      acute operation of ruptured aneurysms, the incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia
      and fixed neurologic deficit was 1.7%. It is concluded that acute surgery of
      ruptured cerebral aneurysms and treatment with the calcium antagonist nimodipine
      substantially reduce the risk of symptomatic vasospasm.

PMID- 3892349
TI  - Products of cultured neuroglial cells: II. The production of fibronectin by C6
      glioma cells.
AB  - The possibility of fibronectin production by C6 glioma cells was examined with
      assays which require protein synthesis. Proteins produced by C6 cells using
      radiolabeled amino acid precursors were tested for affinity to collagen by
      binding to immobilized gelatin. The predominant collagen binding protein made by
      C6 coelectrophoresed with fibronectin synthesized by control fibroblasts and with
      the larger of the two proteins in unlabeled fibronectin when applied to
      polyacrylamide gels with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). In addition, C6 produced a
      larger collagen binding protein of approximately 270,000 molecular weight.
      Solubilities in urea solutions of the collagen-binding proteins made by C6 cells
      and fibroblasts were similar. Immunofluorescence showed fibronectin associated
      with the C6 cell monolayer, but less abundant than the fibronectin associated
      with fibroblasts. Results provide evidence for the production of fibronectin by
      the C6 glioma cell line.

PMID- 3892350
TI  - [Intracranial hypertension and pressure waves].

PMID- 3892351
TI  - Pineal melatonin mediates photoperiodic control of pulsatile luteinizing hormone
      secretion in the ewe.
AB  - Seasonal breeding in the ewe is regulated by photoperiod through a pineal
      dependent mechanism. Changes in the ability of estradiol to inhibit tonic LH
      secretion are critical. During anestrus, this ovarian steroid gains the ability
      to slow the frequency of pulsatile LH secretion through an action on the brain.
      Exposure of ovariectomized, estradiol-implanted ewes to short photoperiods during
      summer anestrus revealed that daylength can control LH pulse frequency. After
      removal of estradiol, LH pulse frequency still differed between long- and short
      day ewes, suggesting photoperiodic modulation of LH and presumably GnRH secretion
      independent of gonadal steroids. Significantly, the effects of daylength
      expressed both in the presence and the absence of estradiol failed to occur in
      pinealectomized ewes. Long-term infusions of melatonin, given in physiological
      patterns to pinealectomized ewes, mimicked the effects of photoperiod on pineal
      intact ewes. Specifically, a pattern of melatonin characteristic of that in short
      days (16-hour night-time rise) led to an increase in LH pulse frequency to a
      breeding season rate. Conversely, melatonin infusions typifying a long-day
      pattern (8-hour night-time rise) produced an anestrous pulse pattern. Pituitary
      sensitivity to GnRH was not reduced in sheep which were reproductively suppressed
      by photoperiod or melatonin treatments. These observations support the conclusion
      that day-length acts through pineal melatonin secretion to regulate a neural LH
      pulse generator which, by changing the frequency of GnRH pulses, determines the
      ewe's seasonal reproductive state.

PMID- 3892352
TI  - Further studies on the localization of angiotensin-II-like immunoreactivity in
      the anterior pituitary gland of the male rat, comparing various antisera to
      pituitary hormones and their specificity.
AB  - Using immunocytochemistry with the sensitive avidin-biotin complex method and an
      antibody to the beta subunit of rat luteinizing hormone (rat LH beta) provided by
      the National Hormone and Pituitary Program, NIADDK, to identify gonadotrops, the
      presence of angiotensin II-like immunoreactivity in the gonadotrops of the
      anterior pituitary gland of male rats was confirmed. However, using an antibody
      to rat prolactin, no angiotensin II-like immunoreactivity could be found in
      lactotrops. This finding is at variance with a previous report from this
      laboratory, in which the lactotrops were identified with an NIADDK antibody to
      human prolactin. The possibility that the antibodies to human prolactin cross
      reacted with rat LH was therefore investigated by a noncompetitive
      radioimmunological binding assay. At the same dilution used in
      immunocytochemistry, two different NIADDK antihuman prolactin antisera displayed
      49% and 24% binding of labeled rat LH beta. Similar cross reactions were
      demonstrated immunocytochemically. There was no cross reactivity between rat LH
      beta and the antibody to rat prolactin. Consequently, the staining reported to be
      in lactotrops in the previous study was probably in gonadotrops.

PMID- 3892353
TI  - Effects of naloxone on catecholamine and LHRH release from the perifused
      hypothalamus of the steroid-primed rat.
AB  - The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effects of naloxone
      on LHRH and catecholamine release from preoptic area-medial basal hypothalamic
      (POA-MBH) fragments in vitro. Ovariectomized rats were treated with estradiol
      benzoate, followed 2 days later by progesterone. The rats were killed 2 after
      progesterone administration and the POA-MBH dissected out and incubated in a
      perifusion system. After preincubation, medium with or without naloxone (1 mg/ml)
      was infused into the perifusion chambers and LHRH, norepinephrine, epinephrine
      and dopamine release were monitored. Naloxone concurrently released LHRH and the
      three catecholamines during the entire perifusion period. LHRH and catecholamine
      output returned to the control range within 30-45 min after cessation of naloxone
      infusion. These data show that naloxone can promptly stimulate catecholamine
      release and concur with the view that LH release evoked by naloxone in vivo may
      be due to hypersecretion of LHRH and they further raise the possibility that
      norepinephrine and epinephrine released in the vicinity of peptidergic neurons in
      the POA-MBH may participate in LHRH hypersecretion.

PMID- 3892355
TI  - Presidential address: Tradition in neurosurgery: doing well what has been done
      before.

PMID- 3892354
TI  - Glutamic acid decarboxylase-containing axons synapse on LHRH neurons in the rat
      medial preoptic area.
AB  - A double-label electron microscopic immunostaining procedure was employed to
      examine the interconnections of glutamic acid decarboxylase(GAD)- and LHRH
      immunoreactive neurons in the medial preoptic area of the rat. The results
      provide ultrastructural evidence that GABA-ergic neurons establish symmetric
      (Gray II) synapses on LHRH neurons.

PMID- 3892356
TI  - Effect of antithrombotic agents after carotid endarterectomy in rats.
AB  - The pharmacological prevention of thrombosis after surgical arterial injury is
      still an open question. In the present study, a recently developed model of
      carotid endarterectomy in rats was used to assess the effectiveness of heparin,
      prostacyclin (PGI2), and OKY-1581, a selective thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthetase
      inhibitor, in preventing thrombus formation. Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats
      were divided into six groups: A--controls (no treatment), B--tris (hydroxymethyl)
      aminomethane (Tris)-HCl buffer (vehicle of PGI2), C--heparin (100 IU/kg), D--OKY
      1581 (100 microns/kg/minute), E--low dose PGI2 (10 ng/kg/minute), F--high dose
      PGI2 (50 ng/kg/minute). The animals were killed by in vivo perfusion-fixation 15
      minutes after recirculation. The endarterectomized vessels were submitted to
      scanning electron microscopy examination and were evaluated blindly according to
      the following scale: 1, (almost) normal appearance of the endarterectomized
      surface; 2, moderately abnormal appearance; and 3, definitely abnormal
      appearance. The results in terms of thrombus prevention were as follows: controls
      congruent to Tris-HCl buffer less than OKY-1581 congruent to low dose PGI2 less
      than high dose PGI2 less than heparin. When combined, the two control groups did
      significantly worse than all four treated groups (P greater than 0.05). Fisher's
      exact test showed a statistically significant difference between controls and the
      heparin group (P = 0.01) and between controls and high dose PGI2-treated rats (P
      less than 0.05), but not between controls and low dose PGI2-(P less than 0.16) or
      OKY-1581-treated animals (P less than 0.16). In conclusion, the present study
      confirms that anticoagulation with heparin is effective in reducing thrombus
      formation after carotid endarterectomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3892357
TI  - Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis after closed head injury.
AB  - A case of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis after a closed head injury is
      presented along with a review of 11 other reported cases. Review of the
      literature indicates that this condition is rarely recognized and that further
      investigation is necessary to define the incidence, prognostic factors, and
      optimal therapy of this condition.

PMID- 3892358
TI  - Brain abscess.

PMID- 3892359
TI  - Assessment of the role of "enkephalinase" in cholecystokinin inactivation.
AB  - Cholecystokinin octapeptide and the C-terminal tetrapeptide are hydrolysed by a
      highly purified preparation of "enkephalinase" (EC 3.4.24.11). In both cases the
      Asp-PheNH2 bond is hydrolysed and the Gly4-Trp5 bond of the octapeptide is also
      cleaved, though more slowly. Evaluated from the appearance of Phe-NH2, the Km for
      the hydrolysis of the octapeptide by the purified peptidase is 57 microM and that
      for the tetrapeptide 65 microM. The apparent affinities of these peptides for the
      enzyme in striatal membranes are similar. The importance of this hydrolysis in
      the inactivation of endogenous cholecystokinin was assessed by studying the fate
      of cholecystokinin immunoreactivity released from slices of rat cerebral cortex
      and striatum by depolarization with potassium. In the absence of any peptidase
      inhibitor only 16% of the peptide released from the tissue was recovered in
      immunoreactive form in the medium, indicating that endogenous cholecystokinin
      octapeptide is, like other neuropeptides, rapidly and extensively hydrolysed
      following release. Selective inhibition of "enkephalinase" by Thiorphan (DL-3
      mercapto-2-benzylpropanoyl glycine) did not significantly alter the recovery from
      slices of cerebral cortex and had only a very slight effect in the case of
      striatal slices. This suggests that, while cholecystokinin octapeptide is a
      substrate for "enkephalinase", this enzyme plays a less important (if any) role
      in the inactivation of endogenous cholecystokinin than for the opioid peptides.

PMID- 3892360
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of protein-O-carboxylmethyltransferase in rat
      brain neurons.
AB  - The distribution of the enzyme protein-O-carboxylmethyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.24)
      has been investigated in the rat brain using both immunohistochemical and
      biochemical techniques. The enzyme, which carboxylmethylates free aspartic and
      glutamic acid residues of protein substrates, was localized in neurons, but not
      other cell types throughout the brain. The highest immunoreactivity was detected
      throughout the cortex, followed by the hippocampus, the corpus striatum, the
      thalamus and the amygdala. Immunoreactive cells were detected in other brain
      regions but were not as prominent as those regions listed above. The distribution
      of immunoreactivity in the hippocampus was most striking, with considerable
      labelling of the pyramidal and granule cells in all regions. Numerous pyramidal
      cells were labelled in the cerebral cortex, with some ascending processes
      exhibiting immunoreactivity. The corpus striatum was uniformly labelled,
      suggesting that the enzyme was not localized to any specific neurotransmitter
      system. The antisera employed in this study was generated against purified bovine
      brain protein-O-carboxylmethyltransferase and Western immunoblot analysis showed
      cross reactivity against both rat brain and human erythrocyte forms of the
      enzyme. Enzyme activity and methyl acceptor protein capacity were examined in 1.5
      mm coronal sections of rat brain. The regions with highest enzyme activities were
      found in cross-sections containing cortex and corpus striatum or cortex and
      hippocampus. The lowest enzyme activities were noted in slices of brainstem and
      cerebellum, areas exhibiting low amounts of immunoreactive protein-O
      carboxylmethyltransferase. Methyl acceptor protein capacity was highest in slices
      of cortex and corpus striatum, cortex and hippocampus and was lowest in slices of
      brainstem and cerebellum. These results demonstrate that protein-O
      carboxylmethyltransferase has an unique neuronal pattern of distribution in the
      rodent central nervous system, and suggest that the carboxylmethylation of
      proteins may be of functional significance in these neurons.

PMID- 3892361
TI  - Immunohistochemical analysis of the early ontogeny of the neuropeptide Y system
      in rat brain.
AB  - The distribution of neuropeptide Y in the developing rat brain was studied with
      immunocytochemistry, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Immunoreactive
      perikarya were first seen on embryonic day 13 and staining of fibres appeared
      from embryonic day 15 onwards: perikaryal staining was generally more intense
      prenatally than after birth. Areas rich in neuropeptide Y immunostaining included
      the monoaminergic regions of the brain stem from embryonic day 13 (especially the
      lateral reticular nucleus and the medullary reticular formation), the dorsal
      mesencephalon (with spots of immunoreactivity in the outer subventricular zone at
      embryonic days 13 or 14 and many cells and fibres in the inferior colliculus from
      embryonic days 16-20) and the olfactory tubercle/ventral striatum from embryonic
      day 15 until birth. The period of development of cortical neurones extended from
      embryonic day 19 until postnatal day 21. A hitherto unreported feature unique to
      neuropeptide Y was the presence in certain parts of the cerebral cortex of
      transient cells at the base of the cortical plate bearing radial processes which
      transverse its width. They were present from embryonic day 17 until postnatal day
      4 and were maximally developed at embryonic days 20 or 21, contributing at this
      age a substantial fibre projection through the immature corpus callosum. The
      abundance of neuropeptide Y in the prenatal rat brain suggests it may play an
      important role in development.

PMID- 3892362
TI  - Serotonergic terminals in the neural sheath of the blowfly nervous system:
      electron microscopical immunocytochemistry and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine labelling.
AB  - With serotonin immunocytochemistry we have demonstrated an extensive plexus of
      immunoreactive varicose fibres in the neural sheath of the nervous system of the
      blowfly, Calliphora. These fibres are located in the neural sheath of the
      following regions: the maxillary-labial and labrofrontal nerves of the cerebral
      ganglia, the cervical connective, the dorsal surface of the thoracicoabdominal
      ganglia, two pairs of prothoracic nerves and the median abdominal nerve. We
      identified the serotonin-immunoreactive neural processes in the electron
      microscope by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Immunoreactivity was
      seen in large granular vesicles (ca 100 nm), on membranes of smaller (ca 60 nm)
      and larger (ca 100 nm) agranular vesicles, along the inner surface of the
      axolemma, along neurotubules and outer membranes of mitochondria. By conventional
      electron microscopy we found numerous varicose neural processes in the neural
      sheath of some of the above regions. These varicosities are of at least two
      types. One type corresponds to the serotonin-immunoreactive profiles. A second
      type contains large granular vesicles (ca 200 nm) of variable electron density.
      5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine injected into the head capsule labelled varicosities in
      the neural sheath, corresponding to the ones identified with serotonin
      immunocytochemistry. The electron-dense labelling was seen in flattened vesicles
      within these varicosities. We propose that the serotonin-immunoreactive fibers in
      the neural sheath constitute neurohemal regions for the release of serotonin into
      the circulation. The finding of another morphological type of varicose fibers in
      the neural sheath suggests the presence of further putative neurohormones in
      these regions.

PMID- 3892363
TI  - Alteration of thromboxane and prostacyclin levels in experimental spinal cord
      injury.
AB  - We measured levels of thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in rabbit spinal cord
      and cat CSF after impact injury to spinal cord. Rabbit tissue thromboxane B2
      levels increased more than 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. In cat, CSF thromboxane B2 was
      higher the first hour postinjury; CSF 6-keto-PGF1 alpha also increased, but less
      so. These results imply activation of arachidonic acid metabolism. The relatively
      greater increase of thromboxane B2 suggests that thromboxane-prostacyclin
      imbalance may contribute to post-traumatic ischemia.

PMID- 3892364
TI  - Carnitine deficiency, organic acidemias, and Reye's syndrome.
AB  - Relative carnitine deficiency is important in the pathophysiology of several
      disorders, including Reye's syndrome and organic acidemias. In acute clinical
      crises, carnitine serves as a "buffer," trapping toxic acyl compounds.
      Mitochondrial failure develops in carnitine deficiency when there is insufficient
      tissue carnitine available to buffer toxic acyl-CoA metabolites. Toxic levels of
      acyl-CoA impair the citrate cycle, gluconeogenesis, the urea cycle, and fatty
      acid oxidation. Carnitine replacement therapy is safe and induces excretion of
      toxic acyl groups in the urine.

PMID- 3892365
TI  - [Pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography in the study of diabetic angiopathy].

PMID- 3892366
TI  - [Up-date on the surgical treatment of pseudocysts of the pancreas].

PMID- 3892367
TI  - [Orgotein iontophoresis in the therapy of induratio penis plastica].
AB  - In objective terms the results of medical and physical treatment of Peyronie's
      disease are still indubitably disappointing. However personal experience has
      shown that medicated ionophoresis using orgotein does at least eliminate or
      reduce the pain in Peyronie's disease.

PMID- 3892368
TI  - [Blood hypereosinophilias. IV. Symptomatic hypereosinophilias: connective tissue
      diseases, neoplasms, blood diseases, various causes].
AB  - Among the symptomatic hypereosinophilias and apart from pathologies covered in
      Note III, diseases of the connective tissue, neoplasias, blood diseases and other
      conditions are also examined. Two connective tissue diseases often accompanied by
      hypereosinophilias are Churg and Strauss angiitis and eosinophilic fascitis.
      Churg and Strauss angiitis (of which 2 personal cases are reported) is a systemic
      vasculitis usually seen in combination with bronchial asthma and haematic
      eosinophilia. Eosinophilic fascitis is quite rare and poorly understood. Its
      symptoms include hardening of the skin and eosinophilia and it is difficult to
      differentiate from progressive systemic sclerosis. The possible reasons why
      hypereosinophilia sometimes accompanies benign and more often malignant tumours
      are discussed. The pathogenesis of the hypereosinophilias encountered in diseases
      of the blood is still controversial. One hypothesis is that hypereosinophilia is
      an intrinsic symptom of the blood disease, others believe it to be an
      immunological response. In this context two personal cases are reported as
      examples: one of hypereosinophilia in a malignant non-Hodgkins lymphoma, the
      second in an IgG plasmacytoma. Particular attention was paid to the
      hypereosinophilia that accompanies the rare blood disease known as
      angioimmunoblastic lymphoadenopathy with dysproteinaemia (LAID) of which a
      personal case is reported.

PMID- 3892369
TI  - [Plasma cell leukemia. Bibliographic review and ultrastructural study (by
      transmission and scanning electron microscopy) in 2 cases].
AB  - After a brief examination of the recent literature on plasma cell leukemia, the
      Authors describe the clinical features and the ultrastructural findings of the
      peripheral blood plasma cells, examined with transmission (T.E.M.) and scanning
      (S.E.M.) electron microscopes, of two patients with acute plasma cell leukemia.
      Both of them had a previous history of myeloma. T.E.M. confirmed the diagnostic
      value of the asynchronous plasma cells, and S.E.M. showed the characteristic
      microvilli and blebs, previously observed.

PMID- 3892371
TI  - [Gynecologic and obstetrical ultrasonography during heat treatment].

PMID- 3892370
TI  - [Non-secretory plasmacytoma. Bibliographic review and immunohistochemical study
      of a case].
AB  - After a brief examination of the recent literature on non-secretory multiple
      myeloma, the Authors describe the immunohistologic study (peroxidase
      antiperoxidase method) of a case of truly non producing plasmacytoma, interesting
      because of the presence of a small polyclonal plasma cell population within the
      neoplastic clone. Several possible explanations are considered.

PMID- 3892372
TI  - Anticonvulsant activity of two novel piperazine derivatives with potent kainate
      antagonist activity.
AB  - Two dicarboxylic piperazine derivatives, 1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-piperazine-2,3
      dicarboxylic acid (pCB-PzDA) and 1-(p-bromobenzoyl)-piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic
      acid (pBB-PzDA), that block excitation at glutamate receptors have been evaluated
      as anticonvulsants in rodent models of epilepsy by i.c.v. or i.p. injection. In
      DBA/2 mice, pBB-PzDA (0.01 mumol i.c.v.) or pCB-PzDA (0.03 mumol i.c.v.) protects
      against the clonic and tonic seizures induced by loud sound. Protection is also
      seen following i.p. injection of pBB-PzDA (0.33-1.0 mmol/kg) or pCB-PzDA (0.66
      1.0 mmol/kg). In Swiss S mice suppression of seizure activity induced by i.c.v.
      injection of excitatory amino acid agonists shows that both compounds are
      preferentially active against alpha-kainate, with the following rank orders (for
      pBB-PzDA); alpha-kainate greater than quisqualate greater than N-methyl-D
      aspartate greater than quinolinate greater than L-glutamate; and (for pCB-PzDA):
      alpha-kainate greater than quinolinate greater than N-methyl-D-aspartate greater
      than quisqualate greater than L-glutamate. These compounds are the most potent
      preferential alpha-kainate antagonists so far tested. The relationship between
      antagonism at the various receptor subtypes and anticonvulsant action is not
      adequately defined.

PMID- 3892373
TI  - Localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity in neurons
      of the rat gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity was localized in
      neuronal processes and somata of the rat gastrointestinal tract. Varicose
      processes were observed in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses, smooth muscles,
      submucosa, mucosa and around blood vessels. Immunoreactive somata were visualized
      in the myenteric and submucosal ganglia of the intestine in colchicine-treated
      rats. These observations, together with previous neuroanatomical and
      pharmacological studies, suggest that CGRP may be involved in regulatory
      functions of the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 3892374
TI  - Immunohistochemical and biochemical detection of serotonin in the guinea pig
      celiac-superior mesenteric plexus.
AB  - Serotonin (5-HT) in the guinea pig celiac-superior mesenteric plexus was
      quantitatively measured by HPLC and visualized by an immunohistochemical method.
      Preincubation of the ganglia in a Krebs solution containing L-tryptophan and
      pargyline markedly elevated the content of 5-HT and K+ solution caused a release
      of 5-HT into the incubation medium. 5-HT immunoreactivity was localized to dense
      but unevenly distributed nerve fibers throughout the plexus and to small diameter
      cells commonly referred to as small intensely fluorescent cells. These findings
      provide evidence of an extensive network of 5-HT-containing neural elements in
      the guinea pig prevertebral ganglia.

PMID- 3892375
TI  - The effect of current passage on N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced, tetrodotoxin
      resistant membrane potential oscillations in lamprey neurons active during
      locomotion.
AB  - In lamprey spinal cord neurons, N-methyl-aspartate (NMA) can elicit tetrodotoxin
      (TTX)-resistant membrane potential oscillations (10-25 mV), that are of similar
      frequency to those recorded during NMA-induced fictive locomotion before TTX. The
      frequency of the oscillations was progressively reduced when increasing the
      amount of hyperpolarizing DC current. Brief de- or hyperpolarizing pulses gave
      phase-dependent effects on the duration of the oscillation cycle and rhythm
      resetting. Periodic stimuli could entrain the oscillatory activity. Under normal
      conditions, these oscillations will be influenced by synaptic activity, leading
      to an adequate coordination between neurons active during locomotion.

PMID- 3892376
TI  - Reimbursement for nursing practice: lessons learned, experiences shared.

PMID- 3892377
TI  - Sleep states and learning: a review of the animal literature.
AB  - Animal studies are examined in relation to the sleep-learning hypothesis. It is
      concluded that the data best support the idea of special periods of paradoxical
      sleep (PS) within the 24 hour period which are specifically involved with the
      learning process. The onset and duration of these PS "windows" varies with strain
      of animal, type of task and number of training trials per session. Alternative
      explanations and theories are considered.

PMID- 3892378
TI  - Brain-gut neuropeptides and the limitation of ethanol consumption.
AB  - Recent studies have clearly shown powerful control of ingestive behavior by
      certain peptides known to be present in both brain and gut tissues. These "brain
      gut neuropeptides" are thought to constitute endogenous factors responsible for
      the normal regulation of food intake. This review explores the potential for a
      role of these peptides in the limitation of ethanol intake, which shares several
      features with the control of food intake. The putative satiety role of the
      neuropeptides cholecystokinin and bombesin, and other brain-gut peptides is
      briefly described. The conclusion that voluntary ethanol intake is partially
      controlled as a function of the energy ethanol provides, and the rate of its
      utilization, is illustrated with data from recent studies of rat and hamster
      ethanol consumption. The possibility of neuropeptide influence on ethanol intake
      is presented in light of new findings that cholecystokinin and bombesin inhibit
      ethanol consumption in the rat. If neuropeptides are demonstrated to modulate
      ethanol intake by eliciting satiety, this information may be useful in the
      identification and understanding of the endogenous factors which regulate human
      alcohol intake, and will suggest possible peptide-based therapeutic interventions
      for control of alcohol abuse and alcoholism.

PMID- 3892379
TI  - Food intake control in birds.
AB  - The regulation of food intake has been a topic of intense investigation for
      several decades. Most investigators have used the rat in such studies while
      considerably fewer studies have been conducted using birds. Research concerned
      with the control of food intake in birds is discussed herein. In most instances,
      birds and mammals have similar control mechanisms. The alimentary tract and the
      liver are peripheral structures which function in the control of feeding in birds
      but much remains to be studied as to their role. Many brain loci, including the
      lateral hypothalamus, ventromedial hypothalamus, striatum and olfactory bulbs are
      also involved in controlling food intake. Studies with birds have revealed marked
      breed and line differences in the response to factors modulating food intake. The
      bird appears to provide an excellent model for studies designed to investigate
      how selection for growth can alter the mechanisms involved in food intake
      control.

PMID- 3892380
TI  - AIDS: a disease of ancient Egypt?

PMID- 3892381
TI  - The poultice.

PMID- 3892382
TI  - Changes in the management of the pregnant diabetic.

PMID- 3892383
TI  - Double-blind evaluation of piroxicam and naproxen following missed dosage in
      patients with inflammatory arthritis.
AB  - We conducted two separate double-blind withdrawal studies in parallel; one
      involved 20 patients taking piroxicam 20 mg daily, and the other involved 20
      patients taking naproxen 750 mg daily. After 48 hour withdrawal of active
      medication, the naproxen group showed significant deterioration in eight of the
      14 parameters measured and the piroxicam group in one of the 14 parameters
      measured. The deterioration in the naproxen group was significantly greater than
      that in the piroxicam group in five of the 14 parameters measured. These findings
      are consistent with the long half-life of piroxicam and suggest that non
      compliance leading to omission of piroxicam for two days is of less clinical
      importance than omission of naproxen for two days.

PMID- 3892384
TI  - Purkynje--the scientist and the man.

PMID- 3892385
TI  - Limitations of drug sensitivity testing in soft agar for clinical management of
      patients with ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - Thirty specimens from 28 patients (15 previously treated, 13 previously
      untreated) with ovarian carcinoma were studied in a soft agar colony-forming
      assay to determine whether or not the assay could be useful for treatment
      planning. There were sufficient colonies for drug testing in 23 cases. An in
      vitro drug response was found in 12 of 106 drug tests. In vivo-in vitro
      correlations could be made for 28 drug trials in 16 patients. Eight patients were
      not evaluated for response because they were clinically disease free after
      debulking surgery. Single agents were evaluated in vitro, although most patients
      received combination chemotherapy. In 23 cases the tumor was resistant in vitro
      and in vivo. There were two false-negative and three false-positive results. Cell
      aggregates that may artificially increase growth rates and apparent in vitro drug
      resistance were a major problem technically. In view of the problems identified,
      the assay in its current form should not be used routinely to direct therapy.

PMID- 3892386
TI  - Epidemiology and etiology of ovarian cancer: a review.
AB  - Ovarian cancer is the most frequent cause of death from gynecologic malignancies
      in the western world. Much effort has been put into attempts to correlate
      differences in incidence rates with environmental, endocrinologic, and genetic
      factors. A review of the literature reveals that there is currently no evidence
      to incriminate any single etiologic factor for this group of tumors. There is
      growing evidence of familial predisposition in a small group of patients and of a
      relationship with reproductive history. If current knowledge of the epidemiology
      of ovarian cancer is to be translated into disease prevention, more attention
      should be paid to women at risk because of their family history, and more
      awareness should be made of the protective effect of oral contraceptives.

PMID- 3892387
TI  - Growth potential of human uterine leiomyomas: some in vitro observations and
      their implications.
AB  - Tissue culture techniques commonly applied to the study of human vascular smooth
      muscle were used to evaluate in vitro survival and proliferation of normal and
      neoplastic human myometrial cells. Despite their growth advantage in vivo,
      leiomyoma cells displayed a growth disadvantage in vitro compared with normal
      myometrium from the same patient. Hormonal supplementation with alpha-estradiol,
      progesterone, and insulin-stimulated myometrial proliferation, whereas beta
      estradiol appeared ineffective at the doses tested. Hormonal supplementation also
      stimulated leiomyoma proliferation in vitro, but there appeared to be
      heterogeneity in hormonal responsiveness. Heterogeneity in the host hormonal
      milieu and in the ability of uterine leiomyomas to respond to various hormones
      may be important factors contributing to the wide variation in growth potential
      observed in leiomyomas.

PMID- 3892388
TI  - Ultrasound screening for free-floating particles and fetal lung maturity.
AB  - Ultrasound examination to measure the fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) and examine
      amniotic fluid for the presence or absence of free-floating particles was
      performed in 213 patients undergoing amniocenteses for maturity testing at term.
      A modified lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio (L/S) was performed on all samples. A
      BPD greater than or equal to 92 mm predicted 37 of 111 (33%) mature L/S ratios of
      nondiabetic pregnancies. The presence of free-floating particles predicted 48 of
      138 (35%) mature L/S ratios of nondiabetics. Combined, a BPD greater than or
      equal to 92 mm and/or the presence of free-floating particles predicted 57 of 110
      (52%) mature L/S ratios of nondiabetics. It is concluded that a BPD greater than
      or equal to 92 mm and the presence of free-floating particles are independent yet
      complimentary predictors of fetal lung maturity.

PMID- 3892389
TI  - Intrauterine growth in twin pregnancies: prediction of fetal growth retardation.
AB  - In 80 consecutive twin pregnancies, prenatal measurements of fetal biparietal
      diameter (BPD) and abdominal diameter were made and growth curves were calculated
      using routine ultrasound examinations. Nineteen percent of the infants were
      growth retarded. Growth retardation was found in both fetuses in four pregnancies
      and in one fetus in 22 other pregnancies. Linear regression analysis between
      birth weight and gestational age showed the standard deviation of birth weight to
      be proportional to gestational age. A more linear growth curve also was found
      when the mean fetal weight was calculated by use of the BPD and abdominal
      diameter measurements in the formula developed for singletons. The estimated
      weight compared with birth weight in 62 twins who had ultrasound examinations
      less than seven days before delivery showed a significant correlation (r = 0.89,
      P less than .001) with a coefficient of variation of 12.4%. The identification of
      intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in twin pregnancies by ultrasound had a
      sensitivity of 62%, a specificity of 98%, and a predictive value of positive and
      negative test of 93% and 83%, respectively.

PMID- 3892390
TI  - Fetal femur length: a critical reevaluation of the relationship to menstrual age.
AB  - This investigation has reexamined the measurement of the femur length and the use
      of this measurement as a growth and dating parameter. Straight-line measurements
      of shaft length were found to be smaller than measurements made along the bone
      curvature. However, the maximum difference did not exceed 2 mm. Thus, because of
      its simplicity, use of straight-line measurements appears justified. The optimal
      (R2 = 96.1%) growth curve model was a linear-quadratic function, with variability
      around the regression line increasing with menstrual age. The optimal (R2 =
      96.8%) dating curve model was a linear-quadratic function in which loge menstrual
      age is a function of femur length. The variability associated with age estimates
      increased with femur length. These data were used to construct new standard
      curves for growth assessment and dating of fetuses using femur length
      measurements.

PMID- 3892391
TI  - Chronic carrier state in mothers of infants with group B streptococcal
      infections.
AB  - Seven of eight women who had given birth to infants with early onset or
      intrauterine infection caused by group B streptococci remained carriers of the
      same serotype of group B streptococci up to 38 months after their pregnancy. In
      contrast, only 34 of 88 group B streptococci carriers who had given birth to
      healthy infants harbored the same serotype at the 34 months' follow-up (P =
      .009). Among the control subjects, 29 of 71 showed increased serum levels at
      followup of antibodies against the serotype isolated at delivery, a significantly
      higher proportion compared with the mothers of infected infants/fetuses. The
      results indicate that mothers of group B streptococci-infected infants are
      chronic urogenital carriers of group B streptococci without responding
      immunologically against the organism.

PMID- 3892392
TI  - Mental health at work--1.

PMID- 3892393
TI  - Look after yourself.

PMID- 3892394
TI  - [Drug-induced lesions of the optic nerve].

PMID- 3892395
TI  - [Use of the Avetisov operation in paralysis of the external rectus muscle].

PMID- 3892396
TI  - [Unfading light of a great victory].

PMID- 3892397
TI  - [Keratoprosthesis as a method of restoring vision in the sequelae of severe
      corneal lesions].

PMID- 3892398
TI  - [Methods for optical keratoprosthesis, the indications, potentials and results of
      their use].

PMID- 3892399
TI  - [Late results of anterior penetrating prosthesis in leukomas following chemical
      burns].

PMID- 3892400
TI  - [Retrocorneal autochondrokeratoprosthesis (experimental and morphological
      research)].

PMID- 3892401
TI  - [Demodicosis of the eye].

PMID- 3892402
TI  - The humoral leukocyte adherence inhibition test in the investigation of lung
      cancer treated by surgery and radiotherapy.
AB  - 17 operable and 13 inoperable lung cancer patients entered the study. In all
      patients, the humoral leukocyte adherence inhibition (H-LAI) test was positive
      before treatment. 7-20 days after surgery the H-LAI values decreased to normal
      levels in 8/8 cases. On radiotherapy, the same decrease was valid in 7/9
      patients. Two exceptions in which no H-LAI reduction could be observed were in
      correlation with tumor progression.

PMID- 3892403
TI  - Three-dimensional structures of crystalline B-cell granules in dog pancreatic
      islets.

PMID- 3892404
TI  - A simplified method for removal of interrupted sutures following penetrating
      keratoplasty.

PMID- 3892405
TI  - Fluctuations of light absorption of healthy papillae repeatedly photographed over
      a long period of time.
AB  - In order to distinguish normal, age-related changes of the papilla from changes
      due to glaucoma, we investigated 7 normal papillae that had been photographed
      several times over a period of 11 years. By means of digital-image processing
      techniques, the red- and green-filtered, digitized pictures were compared
      directly using a subtraction method. The results seem to indicate that normal
      papillae do not blanch over a long period of time. The difficulties of comparison
      are discussed.

PMID- 3892406
TI  - Control of pain with meclofenamate sodium following removal of an impacted molar.
AB  - The analgesic effectiveness of meclofenamate sodium (Meclomen) at two dose
      levels, 200 mg and 100 mg, was compared with the effectiveness of a placebo and
      aspirin, 600 mg, in a double-blind study of 174 adult outpatients who had
      undergone removal of impacted third molars. When compared with the placebo,
      meclofenamate sodium at either dose level produced a significantly greater
      reduction in pain intensity, greater pain relief, fewer withdrawals for
      inefficacy, greater percentage of patients who considered their medication
      effective, and greater percentage of patients considered by the investigator to
      have received drug-attributable benefits. In comparison with aspirin, 600 mg,
      meclofenamate sodium at either 200 mg or 100 mg produced significantly greater
      reduction in pain intensity and greater pain relief. The other measures of
      efficacy showed no significant differences between the two drugs. Side effects
      were minimal in all treatment groups. Meclofenamate sodium appears to be a safe
      and effective analgesic for the control of pain.

PMID- 3892407
TI  - Silicone-induced foreign body reaction and lymphadenopathy after
      temporomandibular joint arthroplasty.
AB  - Eight patients with previously placed silicone temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
      implants were operated on again. Excised tissues from in and around the joint
      were histologically evaluated. In one case, a parotid lymph node was also
      examined. All specimens revealed fragmented, amorphous, refractile, but
      nonbirefringent, irregularly spherical foreign material consistent with
      fragmented silicone. Granulomatous inflammation and multinucleated giant cells
      were associated with the silicone material. These findings demonstrated that
      silicone may not be a totally inert material and that its biomechanical
      properties are not ideal for use in the TMJ.

PMID- 3892408
TI  - Doppler ultrasound: a valuable diagnostic aid in a patient with a facial
      hemangioma.

PMID- 3892409
TI  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation: a review.
AB  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) results from activation of the blood
      coagulation cascade by various disease processes. DIC may occur with blunt head
      trauma and, with severe head trauma, may reflect brain parenchymal injury. Oral
      and maxillofacial surgeons who treat traumatized patients should be aware of the
      implications of DIC with regard to patient management, diagnosis, and surgical
      considerations.

PMID- 3892410
TI  - Delayed mandibular reconstruction following removal of a mesenchymal
      chondrosarcoma. Report of a case.
AB  - An unusual case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is presented. Initially seen when
      the patient was 8 years old, the lesion was repeatedly biopsied and curetted with
      a diagnosis of odontogenic fibroma. In 1971 a diagnosis of osteosarcoma of the
      chondroblastic type was made. At that time, the patient underwent a partial
      mandibulectomy with immediate graft. The patient did well until 1981, when a
      recurrence of the lesion was noted. The microscopic diagnosis at this time was
      mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. The treatment of this lesion as a staged procedure
      with initial resection of the mandible and placement of a silicone rubber
      mandibular prosthesis is discussed. The second stage of the procedure was
      definitive mandibular reconstruction, with an allogeneic mandible as a crib for
      autologous particulate cancellous bone from the iliac crest. Although the
      prognosis of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is usually grave, this case is unusual
      because of its long history of multiple procedures performed prior to the
      definitive treatment of the lesion 14 years after its discovery. Two-year follow
      up since the definitive mandibular reconstruction shows adequate range of motion,
      excellent healing, and no recurrence.

PMID- 3892412
TI  - Cytotoxicity testing of a dentin bonding system.
AB  - The cytotoxicity of a newly developed dentin bonding system was examined in
      African green monkey kidney cells and human embryonic lung cells. A tissue
      culture agar overlay procedure, a longitudinal study, and a cell replication
      assay were employed to evaluate cytotoxicity. Several of the components were
      discovered to be cytotoxic when tested individually in vitro. However, when used
      in the prescribed manner, little or no cytotoxic effect was elicited. The results
      of this study support further testing of these materials in vivo.

PMID- 3892411
TI  - Drug interactions and vasoconstrictors used in local anesthetic solutions.
AB  - This study examined widely advertised interactions between sympathomimetic amine
      vasoconstrictors currently used in dental local anesthetic solutions and MAO
      inhibitors (phenelzine, 5 mg/kg), phenothiazines (chlorpromazine, 2 mg/kg), and
      tricyclic antidepressants (desipramine, 2 mg/kg). Twelve greyhound dogs
      premedicated with morphine and anesthetized with urethane and alpha-chloralose
      were prepared for physiologic recordings. During a control period, the dogs
      received bolus injections of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and levonordefrin
      sufficient to construct log-linear dose-response curves for each agent.
      Commercial anesthetic solutions, with and without the vasoconstrictors, were also
      used. The dose-response curves were then reproduced 1 hour after the
      administration of a drug interactant. Cardiovascular responses were not
      influenced by the coadministration of local anesthetics or by the prior
      administration of phenelzine. Chlorpromazine ameliorated pressor responses to
      norepinephrine and levonordephrin and reversed the hypertensive effect of high
      dose epinephrine. Desipramine significantly increased vasoconstrictor potencies,
      particularly those of levonordefrin and norepinephrine, which were multiplied
      more than sixfold.

PMID- 3892413
TI  - Osteoporosis: assessment by quantitative computed tomography.
AB  - The results presented in this article indicate that quantitative computed
      tomography provides a reliable means of evaluating and monitoring the many forms
      of osteoporosis and its various treatments. The greatest advantages of spinal QCT
      for noninvasive bone mineral measurement are its high precision, the high
      sensitivity of the vertebral spongiosa measurement site, and the potential for
      widespread application.

PMID- 3892414
TI  - [Clinical course and immunologic background of neonatal Streptococcus B
      infections].

PMID- 3892415
TI  - [Examination of esophageal function in diabetics by dynamic scintigraphy].

PMID- 3892416
TI  - [The role of A. Haddow and the Chester Beatty Institute of the Royal Cancer
      Hospital in tumor research 1950-1960].

PMID- 3892417
TI  - [Successful trephining in 1803 in Pest].

PMID- 3892418
TI  - [Effect of corinfar on histamine- or acetylcholine-induced bronchial spasm].

PMID- 3892419
TI  - [Dr. Miklos Melczer (3 December 1891-7 March 1985)].

PMID- 3892420
TI  - [Remembering Dr. Bela Wald].

PMID- 3892421
TI  - [Healing with wisdom and charity (in memory of Katalin Fuguljan)].

PMID- 3892422
TI  - [Patient care activities of the Order of Mercy in Hungary].

PMID- 3892423
TI  - [Prevention of retinopathy of premature infants with D-penicillamine].

PMID- 3892424
TI  - [The 1984 Nobel Prize for physiology and medicine].

PMID- 3892425
TI  - [Problems of terminology at the beginning of the publication of Orvosi Hetilap].

PMID- 3892427
TI  - [Malignant lymphomas of the pharynx in children].

PMID- 3892426
TI  - [Who discovered the lesser circulation?].

PMID- 3892428
TI  - [Photography in endoscopic examinations of the nose and ears].

PMID- 3892429
TI  - [Recurring intestinal hemorrhages caused by salmonellosis and secondary colonic
      polyposis in an infant with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome].

PMID- 3892430
TI  - Readiness and the International Medical Society of Paraplegia: the Sir Ludwig
      Guttmann lecture 1984.

PMID- 3892431
TI  - The immunology of malaria--a view from the bush.
AB  - During the past few years a great deal has been learnt about malaria parasites
      and the immune responses that they evoke in their hosts. However, this new
      knowledge has so far had little impact on the practical problems of malaria
      control in tropical developing countries where malaria is still responsible for
      much mortality and morbidity. In Africa the malaria situation is now more serious
      than it was 20 years ago. Exciting new developments in molecular biology suggest
      that this situation may change in a few years time but attempts should be made to
      put the advances that have been made to the best practical use as soon as
      possible rather than delaying until even better technologies have been developed.
      This approach will require close collaboration between immunologists in
      sophisticated laboratories in industrialised countries and smaller laboratories
      in the countries of the developing world where malaria is still a major problem.

PMID- 3892432
TI  - Cellular and humoral inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum growth in vitro and
      recovery from acute malaria.
AB  - Both mononuclear cell cytotoxicity and serum inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum
      growth in vitro were found to vary according to the stage of infection in Gambian
      children with clinical malaria. Cytotoxicity was displayed by mononuclear cells
      and serum from children with acute malaria but this form of parasite killing was
      more effective in children with low grade P. falciparum infections of at least 10
      days duration. Parasite inhibitory antibody was not evident in sera from acutely
      infected children but was found in sera from children recovering from malaria and
      reached a peak in convalescent children when P. falciparum growth was inhibited
      by at least 50%. The humoral response in convalescent children was strain
      related, being more effective against the most recent infecting parasite strain
      than against other 'wild' P. falciparum isolates. In contrast, mononuclear cell
      cytotoxicity was not strain related; when effective, multiplication of all
      parasite isolates tested was retarded to the same degree. The discussion
      considers the role of mononuclear cell cytotoxicity in the development of
      protective immunity and suggests that it may be a 'front line' defense mechanism
      during each malaria attack.

PMID- 3892433
TI  - Ultrastructural studies of the killing of schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni by
      activated macrophages in vitro.
AB  - Immunologically activated murine macrophages have been shown elsewhere to kill
      skin stage schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni in vitro, in a manner analogous
      to the extracellular killing of tumour cell targets. In this study, the kinetics
      of the interaction between activated macrophages and larval targets and the
      resultant ultrastructural changes in parasite morphology that culminated in death
      have been analysed in detail. Unlike granulocyte-mediated schistosomular killing,
      macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity did not appear to be directed against the
      surface tissues of the parasite. Macrophages adhered only transiently following
      initiation of the cultures, yet changes in the subtegumental mitochondria and
      muscle cells of the larva were detected within the first hour of incubation.
      Progressive internal disorganisation followed rapidly, but the tegument and
      tegumental outer membrane remained intact, to form a 'shell' that maintained the
      general shape of the parasite. Such changes were recognised irrespective of
      whether the effector cell population comprised peritoneal macrophages activated
      by lymphokine treatment in vitro, or by infection with Mycobacterium bovis
      (strain BCG), or S. mansoni in vivo. That macrophages rather than contaminating
      granulocytes or lymphocytes, had mediated the observed damage was demonstrated by
      the use of a lymphokine treated macrophage cell line, IC-21. The observation that
      macrophage cytotoxicity is directed against internal organelles rather than the
      tegumental outer membrane of this multicellular target, may help to elucidate the
      general mechanism of extracellular killing by these cells.

PMID- 3892434
TI  - Low temperature preservation of Plasmodium spp.

PMID- 3892435
TI  - Strategies for the use of anthelmintics in livestock and their implications for
      the development of drug resistance.

PMID- 3892436
TI  - Community control of helminth infections of man by mass and selective
      chemotherapy.
AB  - The design of mass and targetted community-based chemotherapy programmes for the
      control of the major helminth infections of man is discussed in relation to the
      population and transmission dynamics of the parasites. Rapid reinfection
      following a single mass or targetted anthelmintic application is shown to be a
      universal feature of helminth transmission, as a consequence of the regulatory or
      feed-back mechanisms controlling population abundance within both individuals and
      the community as a whole. Control of reinfection requires repeated community
      treatment where the intensity of application and the interval between treatments
      are dependent on the reproductive life-expectancy of the adult worm, the net
      force of transmission prior to control (the basic reproductive rate) and the
      factors which create aggregation in the distribution of parasite loads within the
      population. Selective or targetted treatment is shown to be most effective for
      the control of morbidity as opposed to the control of transmission. The impact of
      targetted treatment depends critically on the factors that generate heterogeneity
      in parasite burdens and on whether or not selectivity is based on a single or
      repeated identification of the 'wormy' fraction of the community. Monte Carlo
      simulation studies are employed to assess the likely impacts of different control
      strategies on average parasite abundance/person and the distributions of parasite
      loads within populations. Future epidemiological research needs are discussed in
      relation to theoretical work and recent field studies of predisposition to heavy
      infection.

PMID- 3892437
TI  - Chemotherapy and the immune response in parasitic infections.

PMID- 3892438
TI  - The modes of action of some anti-protozoal drugs.

PMID- 3892439
TI  - The problem of drug resistance in malaria.
AB  - The resistance in human malaria is mainly of practical importance in relation to
      Plasmodium falciparum. Strains resistant not only to chloroquine but also to
      dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors, and even to potentiating combinations of
      these with sulphonamides or sulphones, are appearing in an ever increasing
      geographical area which now includes tropical Africa and India. Few new drugs are
      available or foreseen for the near future, mefloquine and artemisinine being the
      leading contenders. It is vital that all measures possible should be taken to
      protect such new compounds, their deployment in the form of judiciously selected
      combinations with other antimalarials being an essential procedure that should be
      followed. Drugs in new chemical classes and with different modes of action are
      still urgently needed. Reliance should not be placed on drugs alone to control
      malaria on a community basis.

PMID- 3892440
TI  - [Value of T101 immunotoxin in bone marrow transplantation].

PMID- 3892441
TI  - [Pregnancies by fertilization in vitro. Biochemistry of the follicular fluid].
AB  - Fifty four follicular fluids containing 41 oocytes were sampled from 6 patients
      in which at least one pregnancy was obtained after IVF. Their biochemical
      composition has been correlated with the follicle maturity and oocyte quality.
      Three components have been assayed: steroids, prostanoids, proteolytic enzymes.
      Determinations of estrogens and total aromatisable androgens were carried out by
      the enzymatic technic of Nicolas and al.; progesterone and 17 OH progesterone by
      RIA. Development of in vitro cultured and fertilized oocytes appears to be
      improved when progesterone and estrogens concentrations in the follicular fluid
      are above 2 000 and 600 ng/ml respectively, with an A/E ratio under 1. On the
      other hand, prostanoids (T X B2, PGE2, PGF2 alpha determined by RIA) and
      proteolytic enzymes : (collagenolytic and kallikrein type activities) seemed
      related to ovulatory activity rather than to oocyte quality.

PMID- 3892442
TI  - [Possible intervention of immune mechanisms in the genesis and course of human
      atherosclerosis].
AB  - Aortas, coronary and carotid arteries from 31 patients who died of myocardial or
      cerebral infarction were examined by direct immunoenzymatic tests (using
      peroxidase-labelled anti human IgG sheep Fab or anti human complement sheep IgG)
      and compared to those of 9 patients who died of non atherosclerotic diseases.
      Immunoglobulins and complement bound to all atherosclerotic lesions, all elastic
      fiber alterations, all lipid infiltration in patients who died of
      atherosclerosis, as well as in patients who died of various other causes. Binding
      was generally more intensive in patients who died of atherosclerosis and in
      arteries irrigating infarcted areas. These data are discussed.

PMID- 3892443
TI  - T-lymphocyte subpopulations identified by monoclonal antibodies after human bone
      marrow transplantation.
AB  - Peripheral T-lymphocyte reconstitution after bone-marrow transplantation, 12
      allogeneic and 13 autologous, was studied by indirect immunofluorescence assay
      using mouse monoclonal antibodies. Abnormal counts were detected in the two major
      sub-populations of T-cells i.e. helper and T cytotoxic-suppressor lymphocytes,
      defined by monoclonal antibodies (alpha Leu 3a and B 9.2), and in DR antigen
      positive T-cells. The pattern of T-lymphocytes replenishment was identical for
      both types of transplant, and was not affected by Graft Versus Host disease
      (GVHD).

PMID- 3892444
TI  - [Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in HeLa 229 cells infected with
      Chlamydia trachomatis].
AB  - Cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was found to increase with time
      during HeLa cell culture, this increase being due exclusively to Mn-SOD.
      Infection of the cells by Chlamydia trachomatis resulted in a further enhancement
      of this Mn-SOD activity, whereas cytosolic catalase activity was decreased in
      these infected cells. Superoxide (O-2.) being able to induce Mn-SOD and to
      inhibit catalase, these data suggest that Chlamydia trachomatis infection could
      be responsible for an increase in O-2. production by the infected HeLa cells.

PMID- 3892445
TI  - [Interactions of 5 benzamides with ethanol on various psychopharmacology tests].
AB  - Benzamides interactions with ethanol was studied through five
      psychopharmacological tests. Ethanol given at 2 or 3 g/kg does not induce
      potentiation of benzamides effects on: motility, relaxation, dopaminergic effects
      induced by apomorphine (1 and 16 mg/kg).

PMID- 3892446
TI  - [Comparative effects of netilmicin and 4 other aminoglycosides on 1028 bacterial
      strains isolated in a hospital milieu].
AB  - The activity of netilmicin and four other aminoglycosides was studied by a
      diffusion method against 1 028 bacterial strains isolated in hospital. Nearly all
      the strains of Gram-negative bacilli were susceptible to amikacin; with
      netilmicin, tobramycin, gentamicin and dibekacin the percentages of susceptible
      strains were smaller, without any statistically significant differences between
      them. Amikacin and netilmicin were the most effective compounds against
      staphylococci. Netilmicin seemed to be the most effective compound, in vitro,
      against streptococci. The MIC of gentamicin and netilmicin of 224 strains showed
      the superior activity of netilmicin against K. pneumoniae, Proteus, P. aeruginosa
      and S. aureus.

PMID- 3892447
TI  - [HDL cholesterol and physical training: comparative study of a group of sedentary
      with a group of athletic young subjects].
AB  - Many recent studies have clearly established the anti-atherogenic effect of serum
      HDL cholesterol. Serum HDL cholesterol was quantified in sedentary young people
      (less than two weekly hours of moderate physical exercise) and in active young
      people (average five weekly hours of intense physical exercise). A statistical
      comparative study indicates that this physical training difference goes with
      significantly higher HDL cholesterolemia in active young people.

PMID- 3892448
TI  - [Antibiotic sensitivity of Mycoplasma pathogenic for man].
AB  - Human pathogen mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma
      urealyticum) are intrinsically resistant to antibiotics which inhibit the cell
      wall biosynthesis (beta-lactams, vancomycin, bacitracin), to polymyxins,
      rifamycins, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, 5-nitroimidazoles, nitrofurans and to
      presently available quinolones. These three species are moderately susceptible to
      aminoglycosides, susceptible to chloramphenicol and highly susceptible to
      tetracyclines. M. pneumoniae is susceptible to macrolides, lincosamins and
      streptogramins. M. hominis is resistant to early macrolides (erythromycin,
      oleandomycin, spiramycin) and susceptible to new macrolides (josamycin,
      midecamycin, rosaramicin), lincosamins and streptogramins. U. urealyticum is
      resistant to lincosamins and susceptible to macrolides and streptogramins.
      Discordant results from various reports can be explained by differences in
      methods and breakpoint concentration values. In M. pneumoniae species, two
      strains resistant to macrolides and lincosamins have been described. In M.
      hominis species, one strain resistant to tetracyclines and another one resistant
      to tetracyclines and chloramphenicol have been reported. Two to ten percent of U.
      urealyticum strains are resistant to tetracyclines. These resistances are likely
      to be plasmid-mediated.

PMID- 3892449
TI  - Detection of bacteremia in leukemic patients by early subcultures with a slide
      blood culture system.
AB  - During a three month study, 433 sets of blood culture were collected from 140
      patients hospitalized in the hematology unit, most of these blood cultures were
      collected from leukemic patients being treated by chemotherapy producing aplasia.
      Blood was distributed into three bottles, one containing Schaedler Broth and the
      others tryptic soy broth (TS). We tried to compare two different blind subculture
      systems: conventional subculture (CS) onto Petri dishes chocolate agar and a
      coated agar slide (slide) attached onto the TS bottle, thus the blood culture
      broth can be subcultured by tipping the bottle. The first subculture was
      performed at the same time for both bottles after a mean time of incubation of
      12,4 hours (st. dev. 3.3 hours). There was no statistically significant
      difference for the recovery of pathogens, 30 with the slide and 29 with CS. Among
      the 30 slide positive blood cultures, six: 4 pseudomonas, 2 streptococcus, were
      detected by direct observation of colonies before any evidence of broth
      disturbance. When comparison was made according to the detection observed with
      the first, second or third subculture, a slight advantage was obtained with CS
      since 72.4% of them were positive with the first subculture versus 60% with the
      slide. During the first round of evaluation an higher contamination rate was
      observed with the slide 6.4% versus 2% for CS. The great majority of contaminated
      bottles were collected in one of the three hematology subunits. Contamination
      rate dropped following a teaching campaign bout aseptic collection and
      distribution of blood into the bottles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3892450
TI  - [Significance of the determination of lactic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid for
      the differential diagnosis of meningitis].
AB  - Measurement of cerebrospinal fluid lactic acid by an enzymatic test has been
      evaluated in 164 patients. The upper limit of normal CSF lactate was 300 mg/l.
      The CSF lactate level is useful for differential diagnosis between partially
      treated pyogenic meningitis and tuberculous meningitis. The increase of CSF
      lactate is not specific for meningitis and must be interpreted taking into
      account the clinical situation.

PMID- 3892452
TI  - [The extracellular matrix of the vascular wall and its role in atherogenesis].

PMID- 3892451
TI  - [Measles vaccination in the Sudan-Sahel region of Africa. Absence of the
      immunodepressive effect of malaria].
AB  - A survey aiming at assessing the effectiveness of anti-measles vaccination was
      carried out in a rural Upper-Volta population. The haemagglutination inhibition
      technique was used for detection of anti-measles antibodies; a reciprocal
      antibody titer of 20 or more was considered as a positive one and the subject
      considered as immunized. In the age group of 1-3 years old studied here, malaria
      does not seem to be a factor that modulates the ability of vaccinated subjects of
      producing anti-measles antibodies. Thus the immunodepressive properties of the
      Plasmodium is not observed in this immunizing system which effectiveness has been
      further improved by the development of thermostable vaccines.

PMID- 3892454
TI  - [Dietary fats, lipoproteins and atherogenesis].
AB  - Important developments were recently observed concerning the relations between
      dietary fats, lipoproteins and atherogenesis. A better understanding of the
      metabolism of lipoproteins, mainly LDL and HDL, resulted in hypotheses on the
      role of dietary fatty acids in the development of atherosclerosis and ischemic
      cardiovascular diseases. Consecutive prospects in the field of the dietary
      prevention os ischemic cardiovascular disease begin to appear more clearly.

PMID- 3892453
TI  - [Immunogenicity of synthetic sex hormones and thrombogenesis].
AB  - The ingestion of synthetic steroidal and non-steroidal estrogens may induce
      antiestrogen antibodies in women on oral contraceptives, and in prostatic
      patients treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES). Natural sex hormones have no such
      effect. A radioimmunoassay with tritiated ethinylestradiol or DES was applied to
      study the prevalence of synthetic sex hormone antibodies in 2 populations: 100
      women on estroprogestative hormones and 93 cases of DES treated prostatic
      cancers. Homologous non-treated controls were compared. Results allowed to
      identify among treated and asymptomatic subjects an immunoreactive population of
      30% women and 47% men. Furthermore, the antibodies were found with a much higher
      frequency (p less than 0.001) in patients who had experienced a thromboembolic
      disease while on treatment: 90% of women and 74% of men. The importance of these
      antibodies as a risk factor, their possible role in promoting vascular lesions,
      the interest of their detection for the prevention of the vascular risk induced
      by synthetic sex hormones, are considered.

PMID- 3892455
TI  - [Vascular collagens. General review].
AB  - The analysis of vascular collagens proved difficult due to high insolubility. In
      the seventies, compositional studies concerned a fraction of 30% of total
      collagen. Type I collagen, far less soluble than type III, was not fully
      extracted, resulting in an overevaluation of type III collagen. When the
      proportions of collagens are measured on the totality of the material, type I
      collagen represents 60%, type III, 30% and the remaining 10% are constituted by
      type V and minor collagens. Atheromatous plaques contain a little more collagen
      than normal arteries and the proportion of type I remains 60%. Whereas several
      experiments demonstrated that slices of atheromatous arteries in vitro synthesize
      more collagen than slices of normal arteries, the possible mechanism of
      interaction between plasma lipoproteins (normal or abnormal) and collagen
      metabolism remains unknown. Vein and capillary collagens have been rarely
      studied. Basement membrane collagen does not seem to be increased in quantity in
      the thickened basement membrane of diabetic patients capillaries.

PMID- 3892456
TI  - Comparative distribution patterns of type I and III collagens and fibronectin in
      human arteriosclerotic aorta.
AB  - The distribution patterns of type I and III collagens and fibronectin were
      studied in arteriosclerotic lesions of human aortas as well as in the regions
      devoid of any macroscopic lesions of the same aortas. Frozen sections were
      analyzed for fibronectin and collagens by indirect immunofluorescence or
      immunoperoxidase analysis with specific antisera prepared in rabbits against
      human plasma fibronectin and against human type I and III collagens. Tissue
      samples were also stained for type I and III collagen distribution using Picro
      Sirius red according to the method described by Junqueira et al. (1979). In the
      regions devoid of any visible macroscopic lesions, there is a co-distribution in
      the media of the aortic wall of type I and III collagens, with a predominance of
      type I collagen. Type I collagen is also visible in the intima, as a continuous
      layer. This is attributed to an age-dependent change of the aorta
      (arteriosclerosis). Fibronectin can be demonstrated as a thin layer in the
      subendothelium and as a weak immunofluorescence over the media. In recent or
      evolutive arteriosclerotic plaques, fibronectin and type III collagen appear to
      be strongly increased and superimposed. There is also an increase of type I
      collagen in the intimal region of the plaque. The co-distribution of type III
      collagen and fibronectin in the arteriosclerotic plaques may suggest a tissue
      repair-type of process, analogous to that which can be observed during wound
      healing. Our results suggest that in arteriosclerotic lesions, type III collagen
      and fibronectin are predominantly synthesized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3892457
TI  - Elastin covalent structure as determined by solid phase amino acid sequencing.
AB  - The amino acid sequences of 16 large tryptic fragments of aortic tropoelastin
      have been determined establishing the presence of several repeating structures:
      GVP, GGVP, PGVGV, PGVGVA, and AGVPGFGVG. The methodologies for achieving these
      results by solid phase sequencing are reviewed and also the possible biologic
      significance of the unusual primary structures of elastin are discussed.

PMID- 3892458
TI  - [Experimental immune arteriosclerosis in the rabbit. Immunogenic and pathogenic
      properties of glycoproteins and elastins in arterial tissue].
AB  - Rabbits immunized with kappa elastin produced arteriosclerosis and antibodies
      that bound to target-structures (elastic fiber sheaths, endothelial and smooth
      muscle cells). These antibodies were cytotoxic for cultured rabbit or rat
      arterial smooth muscle cells. Absorption of the antielastin antiserum with pig
      aorta or human serum glycoproteins inhibited its binding to target-structures and
      suppressed its in vitro cytotoxicity. These data are discussed.

PMID- 3892459
TI  - On the influence of the substrate (elastin) in elastase-alpha 1 antitrypsin
      interactions.
AB  - Evidence is presented showing that elastin(s) influences the interactions between
      porcine pancreatic elastase and its main plasma inhibitor alpha 1-proteinase
      inhibitor (e.g. alpha 1 antitrypsin). The rate constant of association (kon)
      between the proteinase and alpha 1 antitrypsin is decreased from 2.8 10(5) M-1
      sec-1 to 1.24 10(5) M-1 sec-1 in presence of 1 mg/ml of insoluble elastin and
      0.83 10(5) M sec-1 in presence of the same concentration of alpha-elastin. With
      both elastins this kon decrease was found concentration dependent indicating that
      these compounds compete in a similar fashion with alpha 1 AT for the binding of
      elastase. Such an effect was not observed when elastin(s) was replaced by bovine
      serum albumin. Experiments were designed as previously published (B. Robert et
      al. 1974) in order to evaluate the capacity of alpha 1 AT to inhibit preadsorbed
      elastase on to insoluble elastin and also diffusible protease molecules. It was
      found that even at concentrations far exceeding the equivalence with elastase,
      alpha 1 AT was only partially able to inhibit both preadsorbed enzyme
      (approximately 50 per cent) and diffusible protease (approximately 90 per cent).

PMID- 3892460
TI  - [Identification of Staphylococcus aureus by the sero-inhibition of nuclease in
      blood culture broths].
AB  - Identification of Staphylococcus aureus in blood cultures by sero-inhibition
      nuclease test is described in this paper. No positive results were found in 392
      Staphylococcus other than Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Only 0,8%
      Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia could not be detected. This sero-inhibition
      nuclease test provides a rapid, less than 3 hours, easy to perform, reliable
      method to identify Staphylococcus aureus in blood cultures. Results are obtained
      24 hours earlier than the conventional methods.

PMID- 3892461
TI  - Histiocytic sarcoma. Clinical picture, morphology, markers, differential
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3892462
TI  - Vascular lesions of bone.

PMID- 3892463
TI  - Renal dysplasia: a review.

PMID- 3892464
TI  - Cutaneous adnexal tumors and cysts: a review. Part I. Tumors with hair follicular
      and sebaceous glandular differentiation and cysts related to different parts of
      the hair follicle.

PMID- 3892465
TI  - Recurrent atypical cutaneous histiocytosis.

PMID- 3892466
TI  - Pitfalls in diagnosing benign soft tissue tumors in infancy and childhood.

PMID- 3892467
TI  - Infections caused by intestinal protozoa.

PMID- 3892468
TI  - Symposium on endometrial carcinoma. Classification, grading, and staging.

PMID- 3892469
TI  - Renal lesions in drug addicts.

PMID- 3892470
TI  - Myocardial dysfunction in group B streptococcal shock.
AB  - A rabbit model of group B Streptococcal (GBS) shock was used to determine if
      myocardial dysfunction contributes to GBS shock and, if so, to ascertain if
      prostaglandins modulate this dysfunction. The infusion of heat-killed GBS (group
      I) produced a dramatic decrease in the first derivative of left ventricular
      pressure with respect to time (LVdP/dt) from baseline values (p less than 0.05).
      LVdP/dt remained stable in rabbits pretreated with indomethacin (group II) and in
      saline-infused control rabbits (group III), and was significantly different at 30
      min from LVdP/dt in group I (p less than 0.05). Values for group I mean arterial
      pressure, cardiac output, pulmonary vascular resistance, and heart rate and for
      pH and pO2 after GBS infusion were all significantly different from baseline
      values and from postinfusion values for groups II and III (p less than 0.05).
      Systemic vascular resistance and left ventricular end diastolic pressure did not
      change significantly in any group at any time interval. These results indicate a
      primary role for myocardial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of GBS shock, and
      suggest strongly that prostaglandins modulate GBS-induced myocardial dysfunction.

PMID- 3892471
TI  - Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in preterm infants.
AB  - Estradiol-producing ovarian cysts were found in four very preterm females at a
      postconceptional age that slightly preceded the expected time of delivery. The
      serum concentration of estradiol was very high. In the first infant one cystic
      ovary was removed surgically. When cysts appeared in the other ovary, the girl
      was treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate. The serum concentration of
      estradiol then fell and the cysts disappeared. Medroxyprogesterone acetate
      treatment was given also to the second girl, who had a high and rising serum
      concentration of estradiol. In infants 3 and 4 the cysts disappeared and the
      serum estradiol normalized spontaneously. Measurements of serum concentrations of
      luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone before and after an iv
      injection of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone showed that preterm girls with
      early estradiol-producing ovarian cysts have a postpubertal type of response to
      luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. When the test is repeated some months
      later they have a prepubertal type of response, which is normal for their age.

PMID- 3892472
TI  - Diphtheria and theories of infectious disease: centennial appreciation of the
      critical role of diphtheria in the history of medicine.

PMID- 3892473
TI  - Isolated menses in prepubertal girls.
AB  - Seventeen prepubertal girls 1 to 8 years of age were studied for the complaint of
      vaginal bleeding of apparent uterine origin. The bleeding was considered as
      isolated menses because it lasted two to five days and no other signs of sexual
      development or any detectable vaginal or uterine abnormalities were found. Eleven
      girls had two or more apparent menstrual periods, six experienced only one
      period. Height and bone age were not significantly different from normal.
      Laparoscopy or ultrasonography showed normal prepubertal uterine size, with
      either prepubertal ovaries or ovaries containing follicular cysts. Plasma
      gonadotrophins and their response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone were
      at prepubertal levels. Plasma estradiol level was significantly above the normal
      prepubertal range, suggesting transient ovarian activity and instability of the
      pituitary-gonadal axis in these girls. Isolated menses occurred mainly during the
      months of September to January, thus leading us to speculate about possible
      seasonal variations of hormonal regulation.

PMID- 3892474
TI  - Responses of enzymatically isolated mammalian vascular smooth muscle cells to
      pharmacological and electrical stimuli.
AB  - A modified method for enzymatically isolating mammalian vascular smooth muscle
      cells has been developed and tested for ferret portal vein smooth muscle. This
      method produces a high proportion of fully relaxed cells and these cells appear
      to have normal pharmacological responsiveness. The ED50 values for both alpha
      stimulation and potassium depolarization are not significantly different in the
      isolated cells from those obtained from intact strips of ferret portal vein,
      suggesting that the enzymatic treatment does not destroy receptors or alter the
      electrical responsiveness of the cells. It was also possible to demonstrate a
      vasodilatory action of papaverine, nitroprusside and adenosine directly on the
      isolated cells indicating that the pathways involved are intact in the isolated
      cells. This method should be of considerable usefulness, particularly in
      combination with the new fluorescent indicators and cell sorter techniques which
      require isolated cells.

PMID- 3892476
TI  - [Use of ultrasonography in the evaluation of acute appendicitis].

PMID- 3892475
TI  - Contraluminal transport of hexoses in the proximal convolution of the rat kidney
      in situ.
AB  - In order to study contraluminal hexose transport, concentration and time
      dependent influx of 3H-2-deoxy-D-glucose from the interstitium into cortical
      tubular cells has been measured. The influx curves fit to a two parameter
      kinetics (Km 1.3 +/- 0.2 mmol/l, Jmax 0.67 +/- 0.16 pmol/s X cm) plus an
      additional diffusion term (with P = 6 X 10(-8) cm2/s) and a distribution ratio
      extracellular to intracellular amount of 2-deoxy-D-glucose of 1:0.6. Since the
      extracellular to intracellular free water space as estimated from morphological
      data was 1:2, one must conclude that glucose has only free access to 1/3 of the
      cell water. The intracellularly accessible space was augmented when the tubules
      were preperfused for 10 s with hypotonic saline. Thereby an increase of the
      compartment into which diffusion occurs was revealed and a final rupture of this
      intracellular compartment at 1/4 isotonic solutions was observed. Total
      replacement of ions in the peritubular perfusate by mannitol did not change 2
      deoxy-D-glucose influx, indicating that it is Na+-independent. By adding isotonic
      concentrations of the respective sugars to the capillary perfusate, three degrees
      of inhibition of 2-deoxy-D-glucose influx could be revealed: strong inhibition by
      D-glucose, methyl-beta-D-glucoside, D-mannose, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, 2-deoxy-D
      galactose, methyl-beta-D-galactoside and 6-deoxy-D-glucose, moderate inhibition
      by D-galactose, L-glucose, L-mannose and D-fructose, no or borderline inhibition
      by methyl alpha-D-glucoside, 2-deoxy-methyl-alpha-D-galactoside, 1-thio-beta-D
      glucose, 1-thio-beta-D-galactose, 5-thio-alpha-D-glucose, myo-inositol and
      mannitol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3892477
TI  - [Exposure dose of digital subtraction angiography].

PMID- 3892478
TI  - [Studies on the one-shot energy subtraction technique using a metal filter].

PMID- 3892479
TI  - Conservation of nif- and species-specific domains within repeated promoter
      sequences from fast-growing Rhizobium species.
AB  - In the fast-growing Rhizobium species, repeated DNA sequences, which include the
      promoter region of the nif HDK operon have been described. These repeated
      sequences are promoters which specifically activate transcription in the
      endosymbiotic state. Hybridization analysis of these sequences from R. trifolii
      has revealed that they may be involved in the species-specific activation of the
      various genes whose transcription they promote. Comparative analysis of various
      copies of these repeated sequences, from R. trifolii (the clover symbiont) and R.
      meliloti (the alfalfa symbiont), reveals the presence of domains of intra- and
      interspecific conservation within the promoter regions. We suggest that these
      promoter elements represent sites which are involved in the species-specific and
      general, nif-specific activation of Rhizobium symbiotic genes.

PMID- 3892480
TI  - Replacement and insertion of nucleotides at the anticodon loop of E. coli
      tRNAMetf by ligation of chemically synthesized ribooligonucleotides.
AB  - Insertion of the four major nucleotides at the 5'-side of the anticodon triplet
      of E. coli tRNAMetf was performed by joining of the half molecules obtained by
      limited digestion with RNase A and the chemically synthesized tetranucleotide pN
      C-A-U using RNA ligase. Insertion of U-U at the 5'-side or A and A-A at the 3'
      side of the anticodon were also performed using U-U-C-A-U, C-A-U-A and C-A-U-A-A.
      The constant U next to the 5'-side of the anticodon was replaced with A and C by
      ligation of A-C-A-U and C-C-A-U to the 5'-half molecule which had been treated
      with periodate plus lysine, followed by joining to the 3'-half. These modified
      tRNAs were tested for their ability to accept methionine with the methionyl-tRNA
      synthetase of E. coli. The affinity of these analogs for the synthetase decreased
      more extensively when the insertion was at the 3'-side of the anticodon triplet.
      Insertion of mononucleotides at the 5'-side or replacement of the constant U next
      to the 5'-side of the anticodon did not affect aminoacylation drastically. This
      may mean that the 3'-side of the anticodon loop of tRNA is one of the major
      recognition sites for the methionyl-tRNA synthetase.

PMID- 3892481
TI  - Evidence that pheV, a gene for tRNAPhe of E. coli is transcribed from tandem
      promoters.
AB  - A DNA fragment of 487 bp containing a gene for tRNAPhe has been sequenced.
      Although the tRNAPhe sequence is identical to that of pheU (which maps at 94.5
      min) the surrounding sequences are quite different. This sequence is thus that of
      a second gene for tRNAPhe (which we shall call pheV). In vitro transcription
      experiments and S1 mapping in vivo show the existence of two promoters separated
      by about 60 nucleotides. The second transcript starts only 3 nucleotides 5' from
      the tRNAPhe structural sequence. A DNA sequence characteristic of a rho
      independent terminator is located 30 nucleotides 3' of the end of the structural
      gene and is shown to function efficiently in vitro.

PMID- 3892482
TI  - Evaluation of heterologous ARS activity in S. cerevisiae using cloned DNA from S.
      pombe.
AB  - Cloned segments of Schizosaccharomyces pombe genomic DNA were screened for ARS
      activity in the native host, S. pombe, using high frequency transformation,
      phenotypic instability and extrachromosomal maintenance of unrearranged plasmid
      sequences as criteria for ARS function. This analysis revealed 12 ARS elements in
      a total of 230 kb of chromosomal DNA, indicating an average frequency of one ARS
      every 19 kb of genomic DNA. We then used these clones to assess the reliability
      of the S. cerevisiae assay for detecting ARS elements in heterologous DNA. The
      results show that not only does the S. cerevisiae assay fail to detect a large
      proportion of true ARS elements but it also wrongly identifies a significant
      proportion of clones which did not display ARS activity in the native host. We
      would therefore recommend restraint when extrapolating from observed ARS function
      of heterologous DNA in S. cerevisiae to a presumed analogous role in the original
      host.

PMID- 3892483
TI  - Size and position of intervening sequences are critical for the splicing
      efficiency of pre-mRNA in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The size of the 309 bp actin gene intron of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      was enlarged by inserting DNA fragments of different lengths and sequence.
      Enlarging the intron above 551 bp, the largest known yeast intron, led to a
      decrease in splicing efficiency. The effect on transcript splicing was dependent
      on the length of the inserted fragments rather than their sequence. It was also
      observed that insertion of the actin gene intron into different regions of the
      normally unsplit yeast YP2 gene, significantly influenced the efficiency of
      splicing of the resulting transcripts. The splicing efficiency of splicing of
      with the increase of the distance between the mRNA cap site and the intervening
      sequence.

PMID- 3892484
TI  - Salt induced transitions between multiple conformations of poly (rG-m5dC).poly
      (rG-m5dC).
AB  - Salt induced transitions between four conformations of the methylated ribo
      deoxyribo co-polymer poly (rG-m5dC).poly (rG-m5dC) have been studied using
      phosphorous-NMR, Raman spectroscopy, and circular dichroism. A high salt A-Z
      transition is observed for the polymer. However, the methylated polymer does not
      enter the high salt Z form more readily than the analogous unmethylated polymer,
      unlike the effect of methylation on the fully deoxy polymer poly (dG-dC).poly (dG
      dC). The methylated polymer fails to undergo a low salt A-Z transition in 5 mM
      Tris buffer, unlike the unmethylated poly (rG-dC).poly (rG-dC). However, if the
      counterion is changed to triethanolamine buffer, an A-Z transition does take
      place. In 5 mM Tris buffer the phosphorous-NMR spectrum of poly (rG-m5dC).poly
      (rG-m5dC) shows one resonance in the absence of NaCl that splits into two closely
      spaced resonances as the NaCl level is increased to 30 mM. The Raman spectrum of
      poly (rG-m5dC).poly (rG-m5dC) shows that it is in the A conformation at
      intermediate salt concentrations. From this we conclude that poly (rG-m5dC).poly
      (rG-m5dC) is in a regular A conformation in Tris buffer at low Na+ levels,
      shifting to an alternating A conformation with a dinucleotide repeat at
      intermediate salt concentrations.

PMID- 3892485
TI  - Analysis of a sequence region of 5S RNA from E. coli cross-linked in situ to the
      ribosomal protein L25.
AB  - 70S ribosomes from E. coli were chemically cross-linked under conditions of in
      vitro protein biosynthesis. The ribosomal RNAs were extracted from reacted
      ribosomes and separated on sucrose gradients. The 5S RNA was shown to contain the
      ribosomal protein L25 covalently bound. After total RNase T1 hydrolysis of the
      covalent RNA-protein complex several high molecular weight RNA fragments were
      obtained and identified by sequencing. One fragment, sequence region U103 to
      U120, was shown to be directly linked to the protein first by protein specific
      staining of the particular fragment and second by phosphor cellulose
      chromatography of the covalent RNA-protein complex. The other two fragments, U89
      to G106 and A34 to G51, could not be shown to be directly linked to L25 but were
      only formed under cross-linking conditions. While the fragment U89 to G106 may be
      protected from RNase T1 digestion because of a strong interaction with the
      covalent RNA-protein complex, the formation of the fragment A34 to G51 is very
      likely the result of a double monovalent modification of two neighbouring
      guanosines in the 5S RNA. The RNA sequences U103 to U120 established to be in
      direct contact to the protein L25 within the ribosome falls into the sequence
      region previously proposed as L25 binding site from studies with isolated 5S RNA
      protein complexes.

PMID- 3892486
TI  - Abasic sites from cytosine as termination signals for DNA synthesis.
AB  - DNA with abasic sites has been prepared by deamination of cytosine followed by
      treatment of the product with uracil N-glycosylase. Termination in vitro on such
      templates does not occur until treatment with uracil N-glycosylase. DNA
      terminated one base before abasic sites created from C's has been used as a
      template in "second stage" reactions. With enzymes devoid or deficient in 3'
      greater than 5' exonuclease activity purines, particularly adenine, are
      preferentially added opposite the putative abasic site. 2-Aminopurine behaves
      more like adenine than like guanine in these experiments. Polymerase beta
      preferentially incorporates A opposite abasic sites produced from T, and G
      opposite abasic sites produced from C. We have eliminated an obvious artefact
      (e.g. strand switching) which might account for this observation.

PMID- 3892488
TI  - Structure of the Escherichia coli S10 ribosomal protein operon.
AB  - The complete structure of the Escherichia coli S10 ribosomal protein operon is
      presented. Based on the DNA sequence, the deduced order of the 11 genes in the
      operon is rpsJ, rplC, rplD, rplW, rplB, rpsS, rplV, rpsC, rplP, rpmC, rpsQ. The
      estimated transcribed length of the operon is 5181 base pairs. Putative sequences
      involved in ribosome binding are discussed. The DNA sequence data corrects
      several errors in previously determined protein sequence data.

PMID- 3892489
TI  - A family affair.

PMID- 3892487
TI  - Structure and expression of the M2 genomic segment of a type 2 killer virus of
      yeast.
AB  - The M2 double-stranded (ds) RNA species encodes toxin and resistance functions in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with the K2 killer specificity. RNA sequence
      analysis reveals the presence of a large open reading frame on the larger heat
      cleavage product of M2 dsRNA, which is translated in vitro to yield a 28 kd
      polypeptide as a major product. The postulated translation initiator AUG triplet
      is located within a stem and loop structure near the 5' terminus of the positive
      strand, which also contains plausible 18S and 5.8S ribosomal RNA binding sites.
      These features may serve to regulate the translation of the K2 toxin precursor.
      The M1 (from type 1 yeast killers) and M2 dsRNA species lack extensive sequence
      homology, although specific features are shared, which may represent structural
      elements required for gene expression and replication.

PMID- 3892490
TI  - Rules for nurses.

PMID- 3892491
TI  - Behind the banner.

PMID- 3892492
TI  - The Radcliffe martyr.

PMID- 3892493
TI  - A new history of nursing. A day in the life of a patient.

PMID- 3892494
TI  - Pregnancy testing. What will it be?

PMID- 3892495
TI  - The non-invasive vascular laboratory.

PMID- 3892496
TI  - Midwifery. 3. Obstetric scanning.

PMID- 3892497
TI  - Down your way. Plymouth.

PMID- 3892498
TI  - Hospital histories. 16. University College Hospital.

PMID- 3892499
TI  - Health care economic issues: projections for oncology nurses.

PMID- 3892500
TI  - Self-hypnosis as antiemetic therapy in children receiving chemotherapy.

PMID- 3892501
TI  - Selected concepts of cancer as a disease: from the Greeks to 1900.

PMID- 3892502
TI  - [Zaditen in the treatment of atopic bronchial asthma in adults].

PMID- 3892503
TI  - [Address delivered by Prof. Lilia Pawlicka, Director of the Institute of
      Tuberculosis].

PMID- 3892504
TI  - Rotaviruses infection.

PMID- 3892505
TI  - Prevention and treatment of group B streptococcal infections.

PMID- 3892506
TI  - [Pollen hypersensitivity in skin diseases].

PMID- 3892507
TI  - [Origins of allergology in otorhinolaryngology].

PMID- 3892508
TI  - [Malignant lymphoma of the digestive tract (10-year data of the Surgical
      Department of the City Hospital in Swidnica)].

PMID- 3892509
TI  - [Immunological changes in patients with stomach cancer].

PMID- 3892510
TI  - [Vagotomy and stomach cancer].

PMID- 3892511
TI  - [History of the treatment of breast cancer].

PMID- 3892512
TI  - [Acute altitude sickness].

PMID- 3892513
TI  - [Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus type 2 and the mechanism of action and
      indications for using hypoglycemic sulfonylurea derivatives].

PMID- 3892514
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of a new sulfonylurea derivative, preparation SPC-703, based
      on a 5-year observation].

PMID- 3892515
TI  - [Disorders of cellular immunity in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1)].

PMID- 3892516
TI  - Localized vulvar pemphigoid in a child.
AB  - Bullous pemphigoid often affects the elderly but is not common in children. At
      least two localized variants, cicatricial pemphigoid and localized, chronic
      pemphigoid of Brunsting-Perry, have been described. A case of bullous pemphigoid
      in a 9-year-old girl was unusual because erosions were limited to the vulvar
      area. Other bullous dermatoses were considered in the differential diagnosis.
      Histopathologic examination and immunofluorescence microscopic studies, as well
      as immunoelectron microscopic studies, which yielded unique results, were
      performed to confirm the diagnosis.

PMID- 3892517
TI  - Obstructive jaundice. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.
AB  - The diagnostic approach to obstructive jaundice must be individualized on the
      basis of the sensitivity and specificity of the various procedures available. No
      single diagnostic approach is optimal in all patients. The physician must be
      guided by knowledge of the yield, complications, and cost of the tests available.
      In addition, interventional endoscopic and radiologic techniques add a new
      therapeutic dimension to the standard surgical approach.

PMID- 3892518
TI  - Investigation of chronic upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage.

PMID- 3892519
TI  - Improved cardiac function after renal transplantation.
AB  - There are few reports of the outcome of renal transplantation in patients with
      severe left ventricular (LV) impairment. We describe three men with chronic
      disabling heart failure associated with LV dysfunction in whom a remarkable
      improvement in cardiac function followed renal transplantation. Transplantation
      may offer the prospect of successful rehabilitation in these circumstances. Undue
      pessimism as to the prognosis in such patients is unwarranted.

PMID- 3892520
TI  - Haemorrhage through the ampulla of Vater.
AB  - A patient with chronic pancreatitis presented with a series of massive upper
      gastrointestinal haemorrhages due to bleeding into the pancreatic duct. This
      report emphasizes the value of intensive investigation before surgery, since it
      may be impossible to identify the site of bleeding at laparotomy.

PMID- 3892521
TI  - Sweating sickness: a glimpse behind the shroud of history.

PMID- 3892522
TI  - [Immunology of dental caries].

PMID- 3892523
TI  - [Our experiences with Maryland bridges].

PMID- 3892525
TI  - [Chronic hepatitis B. Immunohistochemical demonstration and distribution of
      hepatitis B surface and core antigens].

PMID- 3892524
TI  - [Inflammatory pseudotumor of the breast due to panniculitis. Histological and
      immunohistochemical studies of 7 cases].

PMID- 3892526
TI  - [Immunohistochemical and serological demonstration of thyreoglobulin tissue
      polypeptide antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen and calcitonin in diversely
      differentiated thyroid gland carcinomas and thyroid gland adenomas].

PMID- 3892527
TI  - Practical answers about starting an ambulatory surgery center.

PMID- 3892528
TI  - Professional survival tips: the parasympathetic pause.

PMID- 3892529
TI  - Who's publishing what?

PMID- 3892530
TI  - Who's publishing what?

PMID- 3892531
TI  - [Analysis of inventions related to the tuberculosis and pathology of the
      respiratory organs].

PMID- 3892532
TI  - Induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity by insulin and growth factors is
      mediated by amino acids.
AB  - The polypeptide growth factors, nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and
      platelet-derived growth factor, as well as insulin do not induce ornithine
      decarboxylase (L-ornithine carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.17) unless a minimal
      concentration of an ornithine decarboxylase-inducing amino acid, such as
      asparagine, is present in the medium. The effects of the growth factors were
      studied in appropriately responsive cell lines: pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells for
      nerve and epidermal growth factors, fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) for platelet-derived
      growth factor, and fibroblasts and hepatoma (KRC-7) cells for insulin. The
      nonmetabolizable amino acid analog alpha-aminoisobutyric acid can replace
      asparagine, indicating that the covalent modification of the inducing amino acid
      is not necessary for the induction of ornithine decarboxylase by these growth
      factors. For the same intracellular concentration of the inducing amino acid, the
      presence of the growth factors induces higher levels of ornithine decarboxylase.
      The evidence indicates that these growth factors do not induce ornithine
      decarboxylase by raising the intracellular concentration of amino acids but
      rather act synergistically with the inducing amino acid. Evidence is provided
      that the induction of polyamine-dependent growth by these growth factors is
      mediated by amino acids. The relationship of these results to the A and N amino
      acid transport systems and to the Na+ influxes in relation to growth is
      discussed.

PMID- 3892533
TI  - Activation of S6 kinase activity in 3T3-L1 cells by insulin and phorbol ester.
AB  - Treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with 0.1-1.0 nM insulin results in rapid (5-15 min)
      activation of a soluble protein kinase that phosphorylates serine residues in
      ribosomal protein S6. The insulin-stimulated kinase activity is detectable in
      confluent, nongrowing preadipocytes and adipocytes. In the presence of 2
      micrograms of cycloheximide per ml, preconfluent 3T3-L1 cells also respond to
      insulin by acquiring an S6 kinase activity whose properties are the same as those
      of the enzyme activity elicited by insulin alone in growth-inhibited cells. The
      principal insulin-stimulated S6 kinase has a Mr of approximately equal to 50,000
      60,000; there is a variable amount of activity that sediments with a Mr of about
      80,000. The soluble enzyme exhibits optimal activity between pH 8 and pH 9,
      requires Mg2+ (10-20 mM), and is inhibited by Ca2+ (0.5 mM), Mn2+ (0.05 mM), and
      NaF (30 mM). GTP cannot substitute for ATP in the phosphotransferase reaction;
      cAMP, cGMP, phosphatidylserine plus diolein, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase
      inhibitor, and heparin (0.7 micrograms/ml) are without effect. Although treatment
      of 3T3-L1 cells with insulin does not influence the activity or the subcellular
      distribution of the phospholipid and Ca2+-dependent protein kinase C, exposure to
      the phorbol tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) results in
      translocation of protein kinase C to the membrane and activation of a soluble
      phospholipid and Ca2+-independent S6 protein kinase that has the same magnitude
      of activity and sedimentation behavior as the insulin-induced activity. Trypsin
      treatment of either 3T3-L1 cytosolic extracts or partially purified 3T3-L1
      protein kinase C generates a small amount of S6 kinase activity of Mr 50,000.
      This activity, resolved by sucrose gradient centrifugation, is less active than
      that elicited by either insulin or PMA and, unlike the activities generated by
      insulin and PMA, is associated with histone kinase activity. The data suggest
      that the S6 kinase elicited by either insulin or PMA is neither protein kinase C,
      its phospholipid, and Ca2+-independent proteolytic derivative nor the result of
      proteolytic activation of an inactive proenzyme that can be reproduced by trypsin
      treatment of cell extracts in vitro.

PMID- 3892534
TI  - Factors affecting the efficiency of introducing foreign DNA into mice by
      microinjecting eggs.
AB  - Microinjection of foreign DNA into fertilized mammalian eggs is a convenient
      means of introducing genes into the germ line. Some of the more important
      parameters that influence successful integration of foreign DNA into mouse
      chromosomes are described. The effects of DNA concentration, size, and form
      (supercoiled vs. linear with a variety of different ends) are considered as well
      as the site of injection (male pronucleus, female pronucleus, or cytoplasm) and
      buffer composition. The optimal conditions for integration entail injection of a
      few hundred linear molecules into the male pronucleus of fertilized one-cell
      eggs. Under these conditions about 25% of the mice that develop inherit one or
      more copies of the microinjected DNA. The overall efficiency also depends on the
      choice of mouse strains; for example, generating transgenic mice that express
      foreign growth hormone genes is about eight times easier with C57/BL6 X SJL
      hybrid mice than with inbred C57/BL6 mice.

PMID- 3892535
TI  - Mitochondrial origins.
AB  - The 16S ribosomal RNA sequences from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Pseudomonas
      testosteroni have been determined to further delimit the origin of the
      endosymbiont that gave rise to the mitochondrion. These two prokaryotes represent
      the alpha and beta subdivisions, respectively, of the so-called purple bacteria.
      The endosymbiont that gave rise to the mitochondrion belonged to the alpha
      subdivision, a group that also contains the rhizobacteria, the agrobacteria, and
      the rickettsias--all prokaryotes that have developed intracellular or other close
      relationships with eukaryotic cells.

PMID- 3892536
TI  - Human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte recognition of an HLA-A3 gene product expressed on
      murine L cells: the only human gene product required on the target cells for
      lysis is the class I heavy chain.
AB  - To dissect the molecular basis for T-cell recognition of class I major
      histocompatibility complex antigens, we have examined the ability of human
      cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to recognize murine L cells transformed with a
      human class I gene. Three transformed L-cell lines were generated that expressed
      the human HLA-A3 gene from donor E1 at levels comparable to those of the
      endogenous L-cell H-2Kk molecules. CTL were generated in secondary and tertiary
      mixed lymphocyte culture against the HLA-A3 subtype of donor E1 by culturing
      irradiated E1 peripheral blood lymphocytes with the peripheral blood lymphocytes
      of responder donor M3 (M3 shares all defined class I antigens with E1 but
      expresses a different HLA-A3 subtype). Each of the HLA-A3-transformed L cells was
      lysed by M3 anti-E1 CTL in a short-term 51Cr release assay and this recognition
      was blocked by a monoclonal anti-HLA-A3 antibody. Antibodies specific for the
      human T8 and LFA-1 molecules on the CTL effectors (but absent from the
      transformed targets) also blocked lysis of each of the HLA-A3 transformed L-cell
      targets. Antibodies to other T-cell molecules failed to block lysis. The present
      results demonstrate that human CTL can recognize human class I molecules on
      targets that do not express any other human gene product and further suggest that
      effector T-cell molecules T8 and LFA-1 are functionally involved in this
      recognition process.

PMID- 3892538
TI  - Chromosomal mechanisms in neoplasia.

PMID- 3892537
TI  - Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) accumulates in denervated and paralyzed
      skeletal muscles.
AB  - We have used immunofluorescence and immunoblotting methods to study the amount
      and distribution of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) in rat skeletal
      muscle; this molecule is thought to mediate adhesion of neurons to cultured
      myotubes. N-CAM is present on the surface of embryonic myotubes, but it is lost
      as development proceeds and is nearly absent from adult muscle. However,
      denervation of adult muscle results in the reappearance of N-CAM. In denervated
      muscle, N-CAM is associated both with muscle fibers and with cells in
      interstitial spaces between fibers. The N-CAM in interstitial spaces is
      concentrated near denervated endplates, which are known to be preferential sites
      for reinnervation. Paralysis of innervated muscle, known to mimic denervation in
      many respects, also induces the accumulation of N-CAM. Axons that regenerate to
      reinnervate muscle bear N-CAM on their terminals, and reinnervation results in
      the disappearance of N-CAM from muscle. Denervation induces accumulation of N-CAM
      in mouse and chicken, as well as in rat muscles. Thus, the expression of N-CAM in
      muscle is regulated by the muscle's state of innervation. In that N-CAM-rich
      muscles (embryonic, denervated, and paralyzed) are known to be competent to
      accept synapses, while N-CAM-poor muscles (normal adult and reinnervated) are
      refractory to hyperinnervation, N-CAM might, in turn, participate in regulating
      muscle's susceptibility to innervation.

PMID- 3892539
TI  - The clinical significance of chromosomal changes in acute leukemia.
AB  - Clonal chromosome changes can now be detected in most cases of acute leukemia
      when appropriate methods of study are applied. In both acute nonlymphoblastic
      leukemia (ANLL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) identification of these
      chromosome abnormalities is increasingly becoming important clinically for
      diagnosis and prognosis, and as a result selection of therapy. This paper first
      briefly reviews the recurring chromosome changes now recognized in ANLL and ALL.
      The prognostic utility of classification of acute leukemia according to karyotype
      is then discussed.

PMID- 3892540
TI  - Ethical aspects of a controlled clinical trail of chorion biopsy approach to
      prenatal diagnosis.

PMID- 3892541
TI  - Progress in understanding the genetics of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3892542
TI  - The experience from the adoption method in genetic research.

PMID- 3892543
TI  - Genetic aspects of alcoholism.

PMID- 3892544
TI  - Asbjorn Folling, his life and work.

PMID- 3892545
TI  - Effect of dietary protein level on platelet aggregation in rat.
AB  - In order to investigate the effects of dietary protein level on the development
      of atherosclerosis and arterial thrombosis, studies were made on platelet
      function, plasma lipids and aortic prostaglandin I2 biosynthesis in rats. Under
      the same calorie intake, the group consuming a low level of protein (10% casein)
      increased plasma triglycerides and platelet aggregability in comparison with
      control (20% casein) and high protein groups (60% casein). Moreover, the low
      protein group produced more thromboxane A2 and less prostaglandin I2 compared
      with the high protein one. These data suggest that high protein diets may have
      beneficial effects on arterial thrombosis.

PMID- 3892546
TI  - Reduced prostaglandin synthesis by renal and aortic tissues from adult rats fed
      essential fatty acid-deficient diet after food deprivation.
AB  - Studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of a dietary technique for
      reducing prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in adult rats. Rats weighing 280-318 g were
      fed either essential fatty acid (EFA)-deficient or EFA-adequate diets for 10-17
      days after a period of food deprivation. Synthesis of renal papillary PGE2 and
      aortic PGI2 from endogenous precursor in vitro were estimated by liquid
      chromatographic and bioassay/radioimmunoassay techniques, respectively, as
      indices of the capacity of the technique to induce EFA deficiency. PGE synthesis
      and PGI2 synthesis by isolated tissues from rats fed the EFA-deficient diet were
      significantly decreased (ca. 50%) relative to control rats fed an EFA-adequate
      diet. Body and renal papillary weights were not significantly altered by the EFA
      deficient diet.

PMID- 3892547
TI  - Electrophysiological assay and characterization of central adrenoceptors:
      techniques and neuropharmacology.
AB  - Several single unit electrophysiological studies that have investigated central
      adrenoceptors are reviewed. The techniques and paradigms employed to
      electrophysiologically assay such adrenoceptors are discussed. Several regions of
      the brain, e.g., the nucleus locus coeruleus, the dorsal raphe nucleus, the
      lateral geniculate nucleus, and the cerebellar Purkinje neurons, are examined in
      detail, with reference to the nature of the adrenoceptor(s) located on these
      neurons. From the studies reviewed, it can be concluded that single unit
      electrophysiological recordings provide a valuable and powerful assay for
      adrenoceptors. Modification of this technique to study adrenoceptors from awake
      (behaving) or chronically treated animals is likely to result in significant
      advances in our understanding of mechanisms contributing to neuroreceptor
      plasticity.

PMID- 3892548
TI  - Adriamycin effects on insulin secretion, Ca2+ movements and glucose oxidation in
      pancreatic islet cells.
AB  - The effects of Adriamycin on islet B cells has been investigated for insulin
      secretion, Ca movements and glucose oxidation in order to determine other toxic
      effect of the new antineoplastic drug than cardiotoxic effects. Our results
      suggest that therapeutic doses of Adriamycin could be highly toxic for endocrine
      secretory function. These effects are discussed in terms of interactions of the
      drug with the respiratory chain.

PMID- 3892549
TI  - Genotoxic effects of drug/nitrite interaction products: evidence for the need of
      risk assessment.

PMID- 3892550
TI  - [The induction of microsomal cytochrome P-450 and its medical consequences].

PMID- 3892551
TI  - The function of cytochrome P-450 in fungi and prospects of application.

PMID- 3892552
TI  - [The participation of cytochrome P-450 in the formation of mutagenic and
      carcinogenic compounds and the use of this property in preventive medicine].

PMID- 3892553
TI  - Reliability of observational kinematic gait analysis.
AB  - Gait analysis, like all clinical assessments, is subject to measurement error.
      Specification of the extent of measurement error is imperative before drawing
      conclusions from any test. The purpose of this study was to determine the within
      rater and between-rater reliability of observational gait analysis in a pediatric
      sample wearing knee-ankle-foot orthoses. Three expert observers, using a 3-point
      scale, rated videotaped gait kinematics of 15 children who had lower limb
      disability and who wore braces. The rating sessions were then repeated, with one
      month between sessions. Total agreement (identical ratings), both between-raters
      and within-raters, occurred in two-thirds of the observations, and an additional
      29% of the observations differed by one point. Between-rater intraclass
      correlation coefficient type 2, 1 was .73; within-rater Pearson product-moment
      correlation averaged .60. Observational kinematic gait analysis appears to be a
      convenient, but only moderately reliable, technique.

PMID- 3892554
TI  - Hydrogen peroxide induced resistance to broad-spectrum near-ultraviolet light
      (300-400 nm) inactivation in Escherichia coli.

PMID- 3892555
TI  - 3-Carbethoxypyranocoumarin, a photoreactive derivative of xanthyletin with
      interesting photobiological properties.

PMID- 3892556
TI  - Ultraweak bioluminescence spectra of stationary phase Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      and Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

PMID- 3892557
TI  - Chronic noise stress and insulin secretion in male rats.
AB  - The effect of chronic noise, followed by acute noise and forced swimming, on
      basal glucose and insulin levels was studied in adult male rats. Chronic noise
      did not modify basal levels of either measured variable before or after the
      exposure of rats to acute stress. Acute noise decreased serum glucose and insulin
      levels, although hypoglycemia was transient. Forced swimming decreased insulin
      and increased glucose levels. Our results indicate that: serum insulin levels
      were sensitive to both physiological and psychological stresses, forced swimming
      caused more marked glucose and insulin responses than noise exposure, chronic
      intermittent noise did not alter pancreatic function, and no sign of adaptation
      was apparent after repeated exposure to noise.

PMID- 3892558
TI  - Insulin suppresses intake without inducing illness in sham feeding rats.
AB  - Insulin's effects on consumption were investigated in rats feeding with open
      gastric cannulas. Insulin produced small but statistically reliable decreases in
      sham intake. Intake was reduced during the one-hour sham feeding interval by 11
      to 18%, however, the second, third and fourth 15-min intervals were reduced by 20
      to 33%. An initial increase (first 15 min of sham feeding) following insulin
      injection offset somewhat insulin's suppressive effects on sham intake. All
      reductions were obtained by comparing sham intake following 0.1 to 0.75 U insulin
      per rat to intake following saline. When insulin or saline injections were paired
      with alternatively flavored sweetened condensed milk during sham feeding,
      subjects preferred the insulin-paired flavor in a subsequent two-bottle test.
      After just 6 complete pairings, insulin-paired, flavored milk was preferred at a
      ratio of almost six to one. The results indicate the effectiveness of insulin in
      inhibiting intake in a situation in which the actions of other potential satiety
      mechanisms are minimized. Additionally, insulin accomplishes this without
      inducing a flavor aversion for the milk sham consumed.

PMID- 3892559
TI  - A new approach to dressing split thickness skin graft donor sites.

PMID- 3892560
TI  - In vitro and in vivo assessement of the antimalarial activity of sergeolide.

PMID- 3892561
TI  - Midface fractures: advantages of immediate extended open reduction and bone
      grafting.
AB  - Experience with 240 midface (Le Fort and zygoma) fractures in multiple trauma
      patients has emphasized that superior aesthetic results are obtained by immediate
      extended open reduction with primary bone grafting. Internal fixation of 110
      zygomatic and 130 Le Fort fractures was performed in the lower midface
      (zygomaticomaxillary and nasomaxillary buttresses). Open reduction of the condyle
      was employed in five concomitant Le Fort and subcondylar fractures with a loss of
      ramus height to prevent superior and posterior displacement of the middle and
      lower face. Bone grafts were utilized in 74 patients. They were most frequently
      employed in the orbit and less frequently in the lower midface. Bone graft
      survival paralleled that observed under elective conditions, and a slightly
      higher infection rate was observed. Extended open reduction and immediate bone
      grafting adds a new dimension to the aesthetic results obtained from facial
      fracture treatment. Structural bony integrity and pre-injury facial architecture
      may be restored in the absence of soft-tissue contracture. Restoration of the pre
      injury facial architecture (the essence of facial fracture treatment) is more
      accurately accomplished when these techniques are utilized.

PMID- 3892562
TI  - Gray's anatomy.

PMID- 3892563
TI  - Smoking: perspectives 1985.
AB  - The magnitude of the smoking problem is overwhelming. The annual mortality and
      expense are staggering. The task of changing this apocalyptic problem seems
      impossible. The solution, however, is not remote: It begins with each physician
      and with each individual patient who smokes. A consistent attitude of
      nonacceptance of the smoking habit with recommendations and support for
      discontinuation can make a significant impact on the problem. Extension of this
      attitude into community affairs and regional and national politics will result in
      increased public awareness and eventually in the majority rejecting this costly
      habit.

PMID- 3892564
TI  - The choice of thoracic radiographic procedures for clinical problems.
AB  - With the recent advances in radiographic medical technology, confusion about the
      appropriate use of this technology has developed. The major clinical benefits of
      these advances are reviewed.

PMID- 3892565
TI  - The many faces of pulmonary aspergillosis.
AB  - The recognition of aspergillus in all its clinical disguises remains a challenge
      to clinicians in all fields of medicine. Fortunately, aspergillus has low
      pathogenicity for humans and requires very heavy inoculum of spores (aspergillary
      pneumonitis) in order to infect those whose pulmonary defense mechanisms,
      inherent structure, and physiology are intact. Patients with problems from
      aspergillus may be seen in either inpatient or outpatient clinical practice. The
      patient with fibrotic or cavitary lung disease finds himself at risk to be
      colonized and develop an aspergilloma (fungus ball). Conservative therapy (that
      is, antibiotics, pulmonary hygiene) or simple observation is often all that is
      required. With significant hemoptysis, surgical removal could be definitive
      treatment; but these patients often have such compromised pulmonary function that
      alternative therapies like infusion of antifungal agents locally are tempting.
      Part of the problem of the patient with asthma or COPD may actually be secondary
      to hypersensitivity to aspergillus (ABPA), which exacerbates bronchospasm and
      adds "pulmonary infiltrates" to the underlying disease. The recognition of this
      entity and then the judicious use of corticosteroids to control the symptoms will
      stabilize the clinical course of the disease. The immunocompromised patient may
      be relatively free of pulmonary disease.; but aspergillus, waiting until
      cytotoxic agents, corticosteroids, granulocytopenia, broad-spectrum antibiotics,
      and previous pneumonias destroy the local lung defense mechanisms, will then
      attack with a vengeance. The resultant invasive pulmonary aspergillosis requires
      treatment with amphotericin B, along with its own inherent toxicity.

PMID- 3892566
TI  - [Critical review of the analytic literature on drug addiction].

PMID- 3892567
TI  - Behavioral genetic approaches to psychophysiological data.

PMID- 3892568
TI  - The role of study casts in prosthodontic treatment.

PMID- 3892569
TI  - A study of impression tray adhesives.

PMID- 3892570
TI  - Temperature dependent modification of radiosensitivity following hypoxic
      cytocidal action of chlorpromazine.
AB  - The hypoxic cytotoxic effect of chlorpromazine towards E. coli B/r was observed
      to be dependent on temperature of incubation and irradiation. Increasing the
      temperature of incubation from ambient to 37 degrees C followed by irradiation
      revealed that the organisms showed radiosensitivity of a magnitude which was two
      to three times the oxygen effect. The possible mechanisms of this effect are
      discussed.

PMID- 3892571
TI  - Thiopyronine and 8-methoxypsoralen sensitized photodynamic effect on DNA
      synthesis in yeast.
AB  - The synthesis of DNA in growing yeast cells was investigated after photodynamic
      treatment of the cells with thiopyronine (TP) and visible light or with 8
      methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and UVA light. DNA synthesis was inhibited after
      photodynamic treatment with 8-MOP but not after photodynamic treatment with TP.
      This result is further evidence that the photodynamic effect with TP does not
      attack nuclear DNA in eucaryotic cells.

PMID- 3892572
TI  - The development of fetal gallstones demonstrated by ultrasound.

PMID- 3892573
TI  - The role of ultrasonography in diagnosis of primary cholecysta carcinoma.

PMID- 3892574
TI  - [Possibilities of diagnosing lymphoma with MR-tomography--comparison with other
      imaging technics].
AB  - A retrospective study of 57 patients was made to assess the potential of magnetic
      resonance imaging (MRI) for demonstrating malignant lymph node disease in
      comparison with other imaging modalities. All patients were suspected of having
      lymphadenopathy in cervical, mediastinal or abdominal lymph nodes. MRI was
      superior in differentiating tumor involved lymph nodes from surrounding
      structures. On the other hand this advantage was curtailed by the spatial
      resolution, poorer than CT. In comparison with ultrasound MRI is the better
      reproducible modality and is independent of patients' constitution. Additionally
      MRI gives a completer overview, including retrocrural and pelvic lymph nodes. In
      conclusion the useful routine of ultrasonography first, completed by CT will not
      be changed by MRI. MRI as an additional modality is only indicated to
      differentiate enlarged lymph nodes from vascular structures or muscles.

PMID- 3892575
TI  - [Diagnosis of extranodal involvement of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the abdominal
      and retroperitoneal space using sonography and computed tomography].
AB  - With the advent of ultrasonography and computed tomography in the diagnosis of
      nodal and/or extranodal manifestation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)
      lymphomatous involvement of sites other than lymph nodes is seen with increasing
      frequency. - Review of patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent disease
      revealed 93 unusual extranodal sites below the diaphragm in peritoneal or
      retroperitoneal structures or organs. - Concomitant retroperitoneal and/or
      mesenteric adenopathy was common; extranodal involvement was rarely the only site
      of initial or recurrent lymphoma.

PMID- 3892576
TI  - Physiology of sucking in the normal term infant using real-time US.
AB  - Our study of 16 normal term, breast-fed infants documents real-time ultrasound as
      a technique for evaluating the oral portion of the sucking mechanism in infants.
      We also describe the mechanics of sucking used by the infants during breast
      feeding.

PMID- 3892577
TI  - Atheromatous extracranial carotid arteries: CT evaluation correlated with
      arteriography and pathologic examination.
AB  - Dynamic, rapid sequence, axial computed tomography (CT) was employed to evaluate
      the extracranial common and internal carotid arteries in 17 patients with
      clinical histories suggesting recent or remote ischemia in the territory supplied
      by the internal carotid artery. The CT findings were correlated with
      arteriographic observations and with gross and histologic evaluations of
      endarterectomy specimens. Areas of arterial wall thickening were evaluated on CT
      scans with regard to both degree of thickening and radiographic density
      (attenuation). The degree of vessel wall thickening secondary to atheromatous
      plaque demonstrated on CT scans corresponded closely to the severity of luminal
      compromise seen on arteriograms. Isodense or mildly hypodense focal mural
      thickening noted on CT scans of seven endarterectomy specimens proved to be
      primarily fibrotic (simple) atheromatous plaque on gross and histologic
      examination. Areas of markedly lucent focal mural thickening on CT scans of 11
      specimens all demonstrated varying amounts of subintimal hemorrhage within
      loosely arranged and rather acellular (complex) atheromatous plaques on
      pathologic examination. While arteriography provides information regarding the
      status of the arterial lumen, CT offers the potential of accurate
      characterization of pathologic changes in the wall of the extracranial carotid
      arteries in patients with symptoms of cerebral ischemia.

PMID- 3892578
TI  - Routine fetal genitourinary tract screening.
AB  - To evaluate routine fetal genitourinary tract obstetrical ultrasound screening,
      and to determine what size renal pelvis is indicative of significant renal
      disease, we reviewed 4,832 examinations, which had been performed over 2 years,
      of 3,530 consecutive obstetrical patients. Any fetus that had a renal pelvis
      greater than 5 mm or a definable cystic area was identified for follow-up. The
      fetuses of 39 patients (1.1%) who underwent 112 examinations fulfilled these
      criteria and constitute the basis of this report. A variety of examination
      criteria were recorded and analyzed in relationship to the follow-up, which
      ranged from 2-3 days to 21 months. The fetuses of the 39 patients were grouped
      into three categories: those with renal pelves between 5 and 9 mm in size; those
      with renal pelves larger than 10 mm; and those with cystic abnormalities. Those
      with renal pelves larger than 10 mm had either an obstructing lesion or
      exceptional extrarenal pelves. The clinical and pathologic aspects of these three
      groups are detailed, discussed, and analyzed. Criteria for significant fetal
      renal hydronephrosis and aspects of a loculated appearance are given.

PMID- 3892579
TI  - Curvature of the fetal femur: a normal sonographic finding.
AB  - Perception of the fetal femur in the far field as curved is common in sonographic
      studies. The mild concavity of the medial aspect of the femoral diaphysis
      accounts for this apparent curvature, which should not be mistaken for fetal
      abnormality.

PMID- 3892580
TI  - Venous renal tumor extension: a prospective US evaluation.
AB  - To evaluate the ability of ultrasonography (US) to determine venous tumor
      extension, we studied 120 consecutive patients with renal neoplasms. The
      incidence of renal vein involvement in this group was 18%; caval tumor extension
      occurred in 11% of the patients. Real-time US clearly visualized the entire
      retrohepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) in 96% of the examinations, and the
      ipsilateral renal vein was well seen on 88% of the scans. Of the caval sonograms
      that could be evaluated (115/120), intravascular tumor thrombi were detected in
      all 13 cases (sensitivity and specificity = 100%). Of the assessable sonograms of
      the renal vein (105/120), tumor invasion was identified by US in 21 of 22 cases
      (sensitivity = 95.5%, specificity = 100%). Venous tumor involvement was seen with
      intravascular lesions of different echogenicity, which caused a neoplastic
      induced renal or caval vein enlargement in most cases. Our findings show that US
      is of great value in the preoperative assessment of intravascular tumor extension
      and provides a useful alternative to inferior venacavography.

PMID- 3892581
TI  - Morbid obesity treated by gastroplasty: radionuclide gastric emptying studies.
AB  - Mechanisms by which gastroplasty for morbid obesity causes weight loss are poorly
      understood. We studied the role of altered gastric emptying in 50 patients before
      surgery, 1-4 weeks after surgery, and 2-24 months after surgery using technetium
      99m pentetate in water for liquid meals and a Tc-99m styrene divinylbenzene
      copolymer resin in oatmeal for semisolid meals. We determined the emptying half
      times of the stomach before and after surgery in the proximal and distal
      compartments. The proximal compartment emptied promptly in the early and late
      postoperative periods. The distal compartment emptied liquids at rates similar to
      those before surgery, while the late postoperative emptying of semisolids was
      significantly faster. The stoma connecting the two compartments thus permits
      rapid transit of liquids and semisolids without delay of distal compartment
      emptying. No correlation was seen between the emptying half-times or changes
      thereof and eventual weight loss. Delayed gastric emptying is therefore not the
      mechanism for satiety and weight loss after gastroplasty has been performed.

PMID- 3892582
TI  - Glomerular filtration rate in transplantation patients: estimation of renal
      function using Tc-99m DTPA.
AB  - The clinical assessment of a transplanted kidney is often difficult, especially
      in the immediate postoperative period. The biochemical parameters used to monitor
      renal function change slowly and can take several days to reflect the actual
      renal status. We have modified a technique for determining the glomerular
      filtration rate (GFR) from a Tc-99m DTPA renal scan and have found that it
      correlates with the actual GFR throughout the postoperative course. In addition,
      we describe a method for changing dose calibrator measurements into administered
      counts. This technique for determining the GFR provides a quick and accurate
      assessment of renal function and is useful to guide therapeutic decisions.

PMID- 3892583
TI  - The role of the alpha-helix dipole in protein function and structure.

PMID- 3892584
TI  - Mapping protein dynamics by X-ray diffraction.

PMID- 3892585
TI  - [Principles of enzyme electrodes].

PMID- 3892587
TI  - [Enzyme-tip sensor].

PMID- 3892586
TI  - [Development and applications of enzyme electrode sensors].

PMID- 3892588
TI  - [The enzyme thermistor].

PMID- 3892589
TI  - Species dependent relaxation of intrapulmonary arteries (IPA) of rabbits, dogs
      and humans by prostacyclin.
AB  - Helically cut strips of successive IPA segments of rabbits, dogs and human
      patients were set up for isometric recording in vitro. High tone was produced by
      norepinephrine (NE, 3 microM). This tone was markedly reduced by prostacyclin
      (PGI2) in the secondary, tertiary and quaternary branches of human and canine
      pulmonary trunk. The IC50 values for PGI2 ranged from 22 to 503 nM, the human
      vessels being more sensitive to prostacyclin than canine IPA. Under these
      conditions, the primary and secondary branches of the rabbit pulmonary trunk were
      not relaxed by PGI2. The contractile potency of NE was determined in each
      pulmonary vessel studied. The secondary segments of rabbit IPA were about ten
      times as sensitive to NE (EC50 for NE: 38 +/- 7 nM) as compared to the secondary
      IPA from dogs and humans (EC50 values: 370 +/- 84 and 440 +/- 50, respectively).
      When high tone was induced by equieffective contractile concentrations of NE (3
      microM for canine and human IPA and 0.3 microM for rabbit vessels), PGI2 was
      still less effective (P less than 0.01) in relaxing secondary IPA of rabbits
      (IC25: 220 +/- 55) than the corresponding segments of dogs and humans (IC25: 51
      +/- 12 and 17 +/- 4, respectively). The difference between canine and human
      vessels was also significant (P less than 0.02). These results indicate that
      there is an interspecies difference in the sensitivity of IPA to NE and PGI2.

PMID- 3892590
TI  - Species variations in the pulmonary responses to arachidonic acid metabolites.

PMID- 3892591
TI  - [Current state and new trends in the treatment of psoriasis].

PMID- 3892592
TI  - [Problem of the low effectiveness of delayed-action penicillin in neurosyphilis
      in the light of clinical observations].

PMID- 3892593
TI  - [Current state and prospects of the use of cygnoline in the treatment of
      psoriasis].

PMID- 3892594
TI  - [Selected problems of sexual mores in old Poland. Rape, adultery and other sex
      offenses].

PMID- 3892595
TI  - Skeletal scintigraphy for the diagnosis of malignant metastatic disease to the
      bones.
AB  - The use of skeletal scintigraphy for the detection of metastatic disease of the
      bone is reviewed. The review is based on published data for sensitivity,
      specificity, yield and prognostic value. The analysis, and interpretation of
      published data is complicated by the variation in criteria. It appears
      nonetheless, that for a number of tumors the relative (in comparison with other
      methods) and absolute (based on outcome prediction) sensitivity is high. For
      certain tumors in early stages, and in asymptomatic patients the yield (of
      positive studies) is low, even when the prognostic value is high. Those factors
      should be weighed with the availability of therapeutic options to determine the
      clinical efficacy of skeletal scintigraphy.

PMID- 3892596
TI  - The cellular basis of long-term marrow injury after irradiation.
AB  - Haemopoietic recovery from radiation injury can appear complete when measured by
      blood cell counts, but this can hide deficiencies in the precursor cell
      populations because of compensatory mechanisms of increased numbers of divisions
      in the maturing cell populations and increased cycling of the stem cells. These
      mechanisms can operate for quite long but finite periods, before they fail which
      then leads to hypoplasia. Also, while these mechanisms are operating, small
      further injuries could precipitate marrow failure. Persistent injury in the stem
      cell population can be induced by quite small doses, and in mice the threshold
      total dose is probably in the region of 1.5 Gy using fractionated whole-body
      irradiations. The sensitivity of the environment varies enormously, depending
      largely on the proliferative stress applied to the cell populations involved in
      the particular assay technique used. When similar tests of reproductive integrity
      are applied, stromal progenitor cells are more radioresistant than haemopoietic
      stem cells. The contribution of environmental injuries to haemopoietic defects is
      uncertain and difficult to assess.

PMID- 3892597
TI  - The effect of atropine and vagal stimulation on the release of neurotensin-like
      immunoreactivity in man.
AB  - This study investigated the food stimulated release of neurotensin-like
      immunoreactivity (NTLI) in man with and without the administration of atropine,
      and the influence of vagal stimulation by modified sham feeding and insulin
      hypoglycaemia. NTLI was measured, after ethanol extraction, by specific C- and N
      terminally directed antisera. With both a liquid fat meal and a mixed meal an
      early peak of NTLI occurred. The mixed meal also produced a second sustained rise
      in plasma NTLI. An intramuscular injection of 0.6 mg atropine sulphate abolished
      the early peak, but had no effect on the late peak. Modified sham feeding and
      insulin hypoglycaemia did not release NTLI. We conclude that it is possible that
      a cholinergic non-vagal mechanism is responsible for the early phase of food
      stimulated release of NTLI in man, and that the second sustained rise may be
      cholinergically independent.

PMID- 3892598
TI  - Radiopharmaceuticals labeled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides.

PMID- 3892599
TI  - [Fixed prosthesis in the restoration of badly damaged teeth].

PMID- 3892600
TI  - [Choice of a basic technic for impressions with fixed prostheses].

PMID- 3892601
TI  - [Healing of ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament treated with simple
      sutures. Possibilities, usefulness, clinical evaluation. Apropos of a series of
      51 anterior cruciate ligament sutures using barbed wire with macroscopic
      verification of the healing].
AB  - Fifty-one ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament were treated by early suture
      using barbed wires followed by plaster cast for 6 weeks. The state of healing was
      assessed by a second look during arthrotomy to remove the wire after an average
      of 6 months. In addition, 45 knees have been examined more than 20 months after
      the initial repair. Three out of 4 ligaments were found to be healed, but only
      one out of 3 had adequate tension and was correctly sited. The rate of
      satisfactory healing was high in cases of clear-cut rupture and when the pre
      operative laxity was moderate. Associated lesions of the collateral ligaments
      healed satisfactorily thanks to the period of 6 weeks treatment in the plaster
      cast. The cases in which the cruciate ligaments had healed demonstrate subjective
      and objective stability better than others, even when the ligament had been found
      to be loose or incorrectly re-implanted and were superior from the functional
      point of view. There was no parallel between the true state of healing of the
      ligament and the clinical tests of stability. It is concluded that early suture
      of the cruciate ligament is worthwhile in cases of clear-cut rupture. In cases of
      attenuation or when there are severe lesions of the collateral ligaments, suture
      of the cruciate ligaments should be reinforced by carbon fibres. This management
      is valuable in active people or amateur sportsmen in whom rehabilitation is
      somewhat slow. In professional athletes peripheral ligamentoplasties lead to
      earlier resumption of sporting activities. In older patients, plaster cast
      immobilisation is sufficient to produce satisfactory results.

PMID- 3892602
TI  - [Isolation, social support, life events and health status].
AB  - Research on the influence of social networks and social support on health status,
      conducted in English-speaking countries over the past decade, is not yet
      widespread in France. A review of the literature reveals that this social support
      has undeniable effects on mental health, and less obvious effects on physical
      health; it also stresses the major conceptual and methodological problems
      encountered in socio-epidemiological approaches. It would appear necessary to
      construct an overall model integrating life events, coping abilities and
      individual psychological factors; Social support is considered as a function of
      social networks, fulfilling roles of emotional support, material help,
      information provider, egostrengthener and social normalizer. Its mechanisms for
      dealing with stress, especially the buffer-role hypothesis, are also discussed.

PMID- 3892603
TI  - [The current status of Doppler cardiac diagnosis].

PMID- 3892604
TI  - [Spontaneous recovery from ventricular fibrillation and asystole in a diabetic
      patient without apparent cardiopathy].

PMID- 3892605
TI  - [Migration of the endocavitary electrodes of permanent pacemakers. Apropos of a
      case].

PMID- 3892606
TI  - [Precocious pseudopuberty caused by a Leydig cell neoplasm].

PMID- 3892607
TI  - [Biguanides and glucidic homeostasis: effects of metformin and phenformin on the
      intermediate metabolism and insulin receptors of normal subjects].

PMID- 3892608
TI  - Protection of lambs against enteric colibacillosis by vaccination of ewes.
AB  - Pregnant ewes were vaccinated twice, seven weeks and three weeks before lambing,
      with a multivalent formalin-killed Escherichia coli vaccine containing an added
      K99, F41 antigen preparation. Lambs born to vaccinated and unvaccinated ewes were
      exposed to oral infection with E coli B44 (09:K30, K99, F41). All 10 lambs from
      vaccinated ewes were protected whereas all 10 control lambs developed severe
      diarrhoea and five died or were killed in extremis. In the following year,
      previously immunised ewes were given a single dose of the vaccine two weeks
      before lambing. Eleven of their 12 lambs were protected against a similar
      challenge, which caused the death of six of eight control lambs and severe
      diarrhoea in the two survivors. Higher levels of antibody to the K99, F41
      preparation were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the serum and
      colostrum from vaccinated ewes and in the serum of their lambs when compared with
      similar samples from control ewes and lambs.

PMID- 3892610
TI  - [Long-term vasodilator therapy for chronic congestive heart failure: is it
      effective?].

PMID- 3892609
TI  - Experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis in dogs receiving cationized
      bovine serum albumin.
AB  - Eight 16-week-old dogs were used to induce immune complex glomerulonephritis by
      daily intravenous injections of 120 mg highly cationized bovine serum albumin
      (pI9.5). Of four control dogs, two received unmodified native anionic bovine
      serum albumin (pI 4.5) while the other two received only phosphate buffered
      saline. The renal glomeruli were examined by light, electron (transmission and
      scanning) and immunofluorescence microscopy at intervals from five to 11 weeks
      after the start of the injections. Animals receiving cationic antigen all
      developed generalised diffuse granular deposits of IgG and C3 along the capillary
      walls; these were detected as early as five weeks and continued until the
      termination of the experiment at 11 weeks. Ultrastructural studies revealed many
      electron dense deposits along the subepithelial regions of the glomerular
      basement membrane. The experimental disease resembled in many respects naturally
      occurring membranous nephropathy, the most common form of immune complex
      glomerulonephritis in dogs.

PMID- 3892611
TI  - [Which should be the first choice in the treatment of congestive heart failure,
      diuretics or digitalis?].

PMID- 3892612
TI  - [Can exercise develop coronary collaterals?].

PMID- 3892613
TI  - [Reliability of cardiac output measurement during supine exercise using an
      earpiece densitometer].

PMID- 3892614
TI  - [Structure and function of the myocardium from a biochemical aspect].

PMID- 3892615
TI  - [Bronchial hyperreactivity: etiology and methods for detection].

PMID- 3892616
TI  - [Low osmolar contrast medium].

PMID- 3892617
TI  - [Klebsiella pneumoniae as a primary pathogenic agent].

PMID- 3892619
TI  - [Evaluation of the Dienes phenomenon in Proteus typing].

PMID- 3892618
TI  - [Differentiation between Trypanosoma cruzi and T. rangeli in the intestine of the
      vector Rhodnius prolixus, based on the behavior of these flagellates with regard
      to the lytic activity of complement].

PMID- 3892620
TI  - [Epidemiological application of a new bacteriocin typing procedure for Proteus
      mirabilis].

PMID- 3892621
TI  - [Pulsatile treatment with LH-RH using a portable pump: a new modality for
      inducing ovulation and treating sterility].

PMID- 3892622
TI  - [Pathogenesis and diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies].

PMID- 3892623
TI  - [Drug-induced cochleovestibular pathology].

PMID- 3892624
TI  - [Non-drug therapy of headache].

PMID- 3892625
TI  - [Minimum orientation assessment in immunologic diagnosis].

PMID- 3892626
TI  - Caffeine and endurance performance.
AB  - The belief among athletes that caffeine is an ergogenic aid is common, and
      several governing bodies of sport have barred use of the drug during competition.
      At the cellular level, caffeine has been implicated to affect the translocation
      of calcium in muscle, promote an increase in cellular levels of cyclic AMP and
      cause a blockade of adenosine receptors in the central nervous system. The
      general systemic effect of caffeine is to cause central nervous system arousal,
      mobilisation of free fatty acids and other metabolites, and possibly enhance the
      contractile status of muscle. At present, the scientific community remains
      divided as to whether caffeine ingestion will indeed produce an ergogenic effect
      upon sport performance. Some evidence suggests that caffeine may improve
      performance in events relying upon strength and power; however, the lack of in
      vivo research in humans makes it difficult to form firm conclusions. In addition,
      reports concerning caffeine's effect on VO2max and performance during incremental
      exercise are not in agreement. On the other hand, recent studies suggest that
      caffeine might indeed have ergogenic potential in endurance events (e.g. marathon
      running). It is hypothesised that the mechanism behind these findings is related
      to the increased availability of free fatty acids for muscle metabolism which has
      a glycogen-sparing effect.

PMID- 3892627
TI  - Vitamins and endurance training. Food for running or faddish claims?
AB  - The inter-relationship of food and physical performance, food is considered as a
      conglomerate of nutrients and man is depicted as a kind of organic pudding. This
      'machine' concept of human performance in combination with the mysticism
      surrounding vitamins, has led to the faddish belief that additional vitamins are
      necessary to improve physical performance by means of supercharging the metabolic
      processes in the body. Various vitamins and their dietary recommendations as well
      as the indicators for vitamin status are discussed. It is concluded that a
      marginal or subclinical deficiency state can be defined as an intermediate
      between optimal vitamin status and frank clinical deficiency. Marginal deficiency
      is characterised by biochemical values deviating from statistically derived
      reference limits as well as the absence of clinical signs and symptoms of vitamin
      deficiency. Besides the static, mostly biochemical, indicators of vitamin status,
      more functional indicators are considered, among them work capacity. An extensive
      historical review on depletion studies, epidemiological surveys and
      supplementation studies is presented. It is concluded that a restricted intake of
      some B-complex vitamins-individually and in combination-of approximately less
      than 35 to 45% of the recommended dietary allowance may lead to decreased
      endurance capacity within a few weeks. Studies on ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
      depletion and fat-soluble vitamin A deficiency have noted no decrease of
      endurance capacity. However, in a few recent epidemiological surveys, biochemical
      vitamin C deficiency was actually shown to decrease aerobic power. Although the
      general conclusion is that a reduced water-soluble vitamin intake decreases
      endurance capacity, it is believed that further controlled experimentation is
      needed with B-complex vitamins and vitamin C individually. Furthermore, usually
      employed reference limits for vitamins need reappraisal translating them into
      impairment limits. With respect to the available evidence, it can be concluded
      that supplementation of diet with either single or multivitamin preparations
      containing B-complex vitamins, vitamin C or E does not improve physical
      performance in athletes with a normal biochemical vitamin balance resulting from
      a well-balanced diet. Although vitamin supplementation does not seem to produce
      any effect when the diet is adequate, it is possible that vitamin B-complex
      supplementation is useful in sports with a high energy expenditure, because of
      the unavoidable consumption of 'empty calories' i.e. food products with a low
      nutrient density. The side effects of megavitamin supplementation are discussed
      briefly.

PMID- 3892630
TI  - [Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in hysterectomies. Prospective randomized
      study on the efficacy of a single dose of ceftriaxone].

PMID- 3892631
TI  - [Cancers of the bile ducts: diagnostic and therapeutic pitfalls].

PMID- 3892628
TI  - A critical review of the literature on ratings scales for perceived exertion.
AB  - The study of human performance and perceived exertion during physical activity
      has been an area of considerable interest and research for over 50 years. This
      review considers the evidence of many investigators who have been researching the
      physiological basis as well as non-physiological basis for the ratings of
      perceived exertion. During low levels of activity, physical perception in the
      working muscles appears to be the primary stimulus for effort perception. When
      work intensity exceeds the lactate threshold, incremental elevations in blood
      lactate complement peripheral input from the neuromuscular mechanisms. Once a
      critical absolute ventilatory threshold is reached, central input also
      contributes to effort perception. In most instances, peripheral input
      predominates over central cues, although it has been shown that pronounced
      central cues may dominate the perception of effort. Central (heart rate, VE, VO2)
      or local (muscle and blood lactate, adenosine triphosphate, creatine
      phosphokinase, glycogen) cues highlighted in these studies demonstrate both the
      complexity of effort perception, and the need for better understanding of the
      physiological components upon which it is based. Athletes have been shown to have
      a greater tendency to reduce perceptual ratings than their non-active
      counterparts. In view of these observations, it is apparent that a theoretical
      framework based upon physiological and psychological considerations may exist to
      support the concept of training-induced alterations in perceived exertion. This
      appears to be particularly true in higher ranges of exercise intensity. Part of
      the problem in reaching a conclusion on the issue of perceptual ratings
      trainability centres upon the agreement on what should be recognised as a
      significant decrement in perceived exertion. It is concluded that there is
      considerable variation in the findings of the literature and that any reported
      variations in performance may well be greatly influenced by intersubject
      variability, the type of exercise, and nutritional status of subject. Further
      research is required to understand this issue better.

PMID- 3892629
TI  - The effects of exercise-training on energy balance and adipose tissue morphology
      and metabolism.
AB  - The effects of exercise training on energy expenditure, energy intake, fat cell
      size and adipose tissue lipolysis have been reviewed. Individuals engaged in
      regular and intense training programmes, e.g. long distance runners, seem to
      exhibit an elevated resting metabolic rate but moderate training is not
      accompanied by any important change. Diet-induced thermogenesis is a significant
      component of daily energy expenditure. It is still unclear whether or not
      exercise or training causes significant alteration in the thermic response to
      food intake. Energy expenditure associated with physical activity can play a
      meaningful role in body composition and adipose tissue metabolism. Largest weight
      losses have been achieved with programmes of long duration, presumably without
      marked compensation in food intake. However, it has been shown repeatedly that an
      increase in energy expenditure with exercise training tends to be associated with
      an elevation in food intake in free-living individuals. Weight loss is
      concomitant with a reduction in fat cell diameter and, when caused by an exercise
      training programme, it is generally accompanied by an increase in fat cell
      lipolytic activities. There are clear indications that weight loss induced by
      exercise training has a much higher fat content than weight loss caused by
      dieting. In addition, data suggest that exercise training may result in a greater
      depletion of fat stores than a low calorie diet, thus delaying the advent of the
      resistance phase to fat loss. Data on human subjects derived from well controlled
      energy balance and metabolic experiments are needed to further advance our
      understanding about the effects of exercise training on the adipose tissue.

PMID- 3892632
TI  - Research: the prerequisite for innovative strategies and technologies.
AB  - The search for new strategies and technologies for the control of yaws, a genuine
      but much neglected tropical disease problem, has been largely unsuccessful. This
      disease, with conspicuous early symptoms and a late crippling pathology,
      attracted the attention of the first generation of tropical doctors. As soon as
      specific therapy became available in the early part of the 20th century, mass
      treatment campaigns were started. The availability and efficacy of penicillin led
      some to anticipate yaws eradication; this expectation was not met but rather
      induced a false sense of security. After varying intervals resurgences occurred
      in several endemic regions. It is important to analyze this failure so that
      mistakes and underestimated or overlooked factors can be identified. On the
      whole, the main difficulty has been a lack of interest in a presumably
      disappearing disease and a consequent failure to take advantage of the benefits
      offered by recent advances in basic biomedical technology. Solid clinical,
      epidemiologic, and sociocultural data in connection with mass treatment and
      control are still needed. Research of high quality, with continuous assessment in
      the field, is a prerequisite for innovative strategies and technologies.

PMID- 3892633
TI  - New technologies for use in the surveillance and control of yaws.
AB  - In the Republic of Ghana, treponemal antigen tests performed on finger-prick
      blood from patients with yaws proved to be as sensitive as those tests performed
      on whole sera, and this mode of collection was more economical and acceptable
      than venipuncture. Under field conditions, dark-field microscopic examination of
      suspect yaws lesions was difficult as compared with collection of serous exudate
      in heparinized capillary tubes examined later in a reference laboratory. Direct
      staining of lesion exudate fixed on microscope slides with fluorescein-conjugated
      human or mouse monoclonal antibody against Treponema pallidum was more sensitive
      than dark-field examination. However, these techniques could not distinguish
      between the early lesions of venereal syphilis and those of yaws. An equally
      sensitive technique used a cloned segment of the T. pallidum (Nichols strain)
      genome to detect homologous DNA in lesion exudate fixed on nitrocellulose filter
      paper. The fixation of lesion exudates on microscope slides or nitrocellulose
      papers may prove to be the easiest method of collecting and transporting such
      materials to reference laboratories.

PMID- 3892634
TI  - Prospects for development of a treponemal vaccine.
AB  - The numbers of people affected by treponemal diseases and the degree of resultant
      morbidity and mortality emphasize the need for improved methods for controlling
      these infections. The existence of identifiable infectious stages, the relatively
      low infectivity rates coupled with long incubation periods, the noninfectious
      nature of the latent stage, and the lack of a known animal reservoir make
      treponemal diseases good candidates for control by active immunization. The
      development of a practical, effective vaccine against the treponematoses is
      dependent on an understanding of the pathogenesis of the diseases, a knowledge of
      the immunologic mechanisms of resistance, a definition of the protective
      antigens, and a readily available source of these antigens. Recent contributions
      to our knowledge in these areas include the application of state-of-the-art
      techniques such as Western blotting, radioimmunoprecipitation, gene cloning, and
      monoclonal antibody production. The scope of potential vaccines, target
      populations, safety, and efficacy are topics of discussion.

PMID- 3892635
TI  - Potential for development of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic treponemes.
AB  - Penicillin has been widely used for many years for the treatment of yaws and
      other human treponematoses without the emergence of penicillin-resistant
      treponemal strains. However, experience with various bacterial pathogens serves
      to emphasize that resistance to penicillin and other antibiotics can suddenly
      appear after decades of exquisite sensitivity. The finding of plasmid DNA in at
      least one strain of Treponema pallidum, the reporting of several instances in
      which antibiotic treatment of syphilis has failed, and the demonstration that a
      recent clinical isolate of T. pallidum is resistant to erythromycin indicate that
      the pathogenic treponemes do have the potential to develop antibiotic resistance.
      Although it is impossible to predict when antibiotic resistance might become a
      significant problem in dealing with infections caused by these organisms, the
      vigorous pursuit of alternatives to antibiotic therapy for the control of human
      treponematoses seems prudent.

PMID- 3892636
TI  - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulate prostacyclin levels of human
      synovial fibroblast-like cells.
AB  - Fibroblast-like synovial cells, isolated from intact joints of non-arthritic
      human donors and from explants of rheumatoid and non-rheumatoid synovial tissue,
      released prostacyclin (PGI2) when incubated in conditioned medium from human
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MCCM). The effect of MCCM on the rate of PGI2
      synthesis (measured by radioimmunoassay as the stable product, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha)
      was clearly established within 2 h and appeared to require RNA and protein
      synthesis as judged by inhibition with actinomycin D and cycloheximide,
      respectively. Low concentrations of dexamethasone suppressed the increase in PGI2
      levels. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were also raised by the MCCM and reduced
      by dexamethasone. All-trans retinoic acid did not stimulate the levels of either
      prostanoid. These findings offer an explanation for some of the inflammatory
      events occurring in rheumatoid lesions.

PMID- 3892638
TI  - [Ruggero Oddi, physician and scientist of Perugia].

PMID- 3892637
TI  - Evaluation of plasma C3d and immune complex determinations in the assessment of
      disease activity of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus
      erythematosus, and spondylitis ancylopoetica.
AB  - Patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and spondylitis
      ancylopoetica were examined, along with healthy controls, for C3d plasma levels,
      circulating immune complexes, C3 serum levels, and CRP. Immune complexes were
      determined using a Clq binding assay, a 2.75% PEG precipitation technique,
      including the analysis of IgG and C3, and a new laser nephelometric latex test.
      C3d plasma levels were significantly (P less than 1%) elevated in all groups of
      patients as compared to controls. With regard to the demonstration of circulating
      immune complexes, the PEG precipitation method discriminated best between
      patients and the control population. It was not possible to differentiate between
      the different disease entities with neither C3d serum levels or immune complexes.
      Concerning the assessment of disease activity, none of the evaluated parameters
      alone appears to be of clinical relevance. The individual application of more
      than one immune complex assay in combination with the measurement of C3d serum
      levels must be recommended if disease activity is to be assessed.

PMID- 3892639
TI  - [Models of photosynthetic membranes].

PMID- 3892640
TI  - [The science and art of childbirth. Historical antecedents to maternal nursing].

PMID- 3892641
TI  - [Nursing care in uncomplicated injuries susceptible to minor surgery].

PMID- 3892642
TI  - [Treatment of acute leukemia].

PMID- 3892643
TI  - [Mechanisms and consequences of hypoglycemia].

PMID- 3892644
TI  - [Hypoglycemia: clinical aspects and strategy].

PMID- 3892645
TI  - [Drug-induced hypoglycemia].

PMID- 3892646
TI  - [Preponderant synthesis of rheumatoid factors by synovial plasma cells in
      rheumatoid polyarthritis].
AB  - Plasma cells synthesising rheumatoid factor have been identified by
      immunofluorescent studies of sections of cells eluted from synovial membranes
      poor in macrophages. More than 90% of the IgM plasma cells produce rheumatoid
      factor, while 50 to 60% of IgG plasma cells and only 10% of IgA plasma cells
      produce rheumatoid factor. The equivalent results obtained in patients with sero
      positive and sero-negative rheumatoid arthritis suggest that auto-immunisation
      between the IgG plays the same determinant role in the pathophysiology of the two
      types of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3892647
TI  - A review of the enzymic errors in the various porphyrias.

PMID- 3892649
TI  - Beta 2-microglobulin in urine and serum determined by ELISA technique.
AB  - A two-site solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for the determination of beta 2
      microglobulin in serum and urine is established using polystyrene tubes as solid
      phase. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated antihuman beta 2-microglobulin was used
      as labelled antibody. The technique is based on a general ELISA procedure and can
      be established without any specific equipment.

PMID- 3892648
TI  - Relationship between urinary concentrating ability, arginine vasopressin in
      plasma and blood pressure after renal transplantation.
AB  - Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and serum osmolality (Sosm) were determined in plasma
      before and after a 24-h period of water deprivation in 19 patients with post
      renal-transplant hypertension (group I), 14 patients with normal blood pressure
      after renal transplantation (group II), and 16 healthy control subjects (group
      III). Urine was collected in four periods of 6 h each for measurement of urine
      volume (V), urine osmolality (Uosm) and tubular capacity for reabsorption of
      water (Tc water). AVP and Sosm increased significantly in all groups. The AVP
      levels were the same in groups I and II, but higher in group I than III both
      before and after water deprivation. In group II, AVP was higher than in group III
      only after water deprivation; V was significantly reduced in all groups. In
      groups I and II, V, Tc water and Uosm were the same. In group III, V was
      significantly lower than in groups I and II in the last three 6-h periods, and in
      group III, Tc water was higher in the first 6-h period than in groups I and II.
      There was a significant positive correlation between AVP and Sosm in all groups.
      In conclusion, renal water excretion cannot be reduced as rapidly and to the same
      degree in renal transplant recipients as in control subjects because of a
      decreased renal capacity for reabsorption of water. The higher AVP level in the
      transplant recipients may be a compensatory phenomenon for the decreased
      responsiveness of the renal collecting ducts in the transplanted kidneys. The
      sensitivity of the osmoreceptors to changes in osmotic stimuli was normal.

PMID- 3892651
TI  - Stress management in the long-term treatment of peptic ulcer disease.
AB  - The definition of stress varies from author to author. Whether or not it is
      experienced depends on the perception of the potentially stress-producing event.
      Stress can be induced experimentally in animals or human beings in various ways
      and can arise from a person's occupation, leading to adverse effects such as
      hypertension, cardiac alterations, increase in gastric acid secretion and the
      occurrence of peptic ulceration. In man, peptic ulceration may be linked to a
      dependence-independence conflict. The incidence of duodenal ulcer has been shown
      to be higher in those from broken homes than from normal homes. In 103 duodenal
      ulcer patients with high scores for stressful life events followed-up over a 15
      month period, the outcome was more favourable in those who received psychotherapy
      plus intermittent pharmacotherapy than in those who received intermittent
      pharmacotherapy alone.

PMID- 3892650
TI  - The acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiencies. Recent advances in the enzymic
      characterization and understanding of the metabolic and pathophysiological
      disturbances in patients with acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiencies.
AB  - Acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiencies are defined as disorders of the metabolism
      of branched chain and straight chain acyl-CoA esters and of glutaryl-CoA. The
      acyl-CoA dehydrogenation process is comprised of three enzymes, i.e. acyl-CoA
      dehydrogenase (isovaleryl-CoA, isobutyryl-CoA/2-Me-butyryl-CoA, short-chain acyl
      CoA, general (medium-chain) acyl-CoA, long-chain acyl-CoA or glutaryl-CoA),
      electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) and electron transfer flavoprotein
      dehydrogenase (ETF DH). Patients with isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency,
      glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and general (medium-chain) acyl-CoA
      dehydrogenase deficiency have been reported. Assays for the enzymatic diagnosis
      in cells from such patients (especially cultured skin fibroblasts) have been
      developed and the different methods are reviewed. Patients with apparent defects
      in all acyl-CoA dehydrogenation processes, designated multiple acyl-CoA
      dehydrogenation deficiencies, have also been found. I. e. glutaric aciduria type
      II, ethylmalonicadipic aciduria and riboflavin responsive multiple acyl-CoA
      dehydrogenation defect. The enzymatic diagnosis has not yet been performed in any
      of these cases, but the different approaches in this respect are discussed. The
      excretion pattern of organic acids in urine from patients with acyl-CoA
      dehydrogenation deficiencies - as measured by means of gas chromatography/mass
      spectrometry - offers in most cases a tentative diagnosis of the enzyme defect.
      These excretion patterns are characterized by the presence in urine of different
      compounds originating from the primary accumulated acyl-CoA ester(s). The most
      important biochemical processes involved in the formation of these patterns seem
      to be glycine conjugation, omega-and omega-1-oxidation, carboxylation and
      dioxygenation. The enzymatic basis for these processes is discussed with respect
      to the enzyme affinities for acyl-CoA esters relevant to the acyl-CoA
      dehydrogenation deficiencies. And the knowledge gained from such affinity studies
      is used to explain the excretion pattern in the different patients, thus
      increasing the diagnostic power of the gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric
      analyses. The pathophysiological manifestations in patients with acyl-CoA
      dehydrogenation deficiencies resemble in many respect those seen in patients with
      Reye's syndrome, in which the fatty acid oxidation also seems to be compromised.
      Ethiological factors have not been identified in Reye's syndrome, but in many
      patients blood accumulation of short- and medium-chain fatty acids has been
      found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3892652
TI  - Quantitative morphological methods in intestinal research.
AB  - Measurements of intestinal length suffer from considerable errors, because of
      variable degrees of contraction in the longitudinal muscles. In vitro organ bath
      techniques may solve these problems. Villi and microvilli amplify the internal
      surface area; measurements of the amplification factors should be based on
      stereological methods. Villus height and crypt length provide information on
      mucosal net growth; such data might be useful when studying hypertrophic and
      hypotrophic conditions. More precise knowledge on cell turn-over requires
      autoradiographic studies of 3H-thymidine incorporation into nuclei cell.
      Ultimately, stereological analyses of mucosal components and cell structures will
      supply detailed information needed for cell biological research.

PMID- 3892653
TI  - Factors that modify the effects of prostaglandin on diet-induced acute
      pancreatitis in mice.
AB  - Considerable disagreement exists as to whether prostaglandins improve survival in
      animals with experimental pancreatitis. In prior studies we have demonstrated a
      beneficial effect of prostaglandin in the choline deficient, ethionine
      supplemented diet model of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. In the present study
      we have examined the effects of 1) delaying treatment with 16,-16-dimethyl
      prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) till 24 h after introduction of the diet and 2) exposing
      animals to the test diet for 3 days instead of 2. Following delayed treatment
      mortality in the saline control group (57%) was significantly higher on the
      fourth day compared to the PGE2 treatment group (3%). However, the overall
      mortality on day 7 was not significantly different from that seen in the control
      group (43% versus 60%). In the second series of experiments, PGE2 no longer had a
      beneficial effect if animals were fed the CDE diet for 3 days. We would conclude
      from this study and others that the ability to demonstrate a protective effect of
      PGE2 on the pancreas is dependent upon the experimental protocol employed. Thus,
      the ability to demonstrate this effect is dependent upon the dose and type of
      prostaglandins employed, the length of exposure to the test diet, and the time at
      which treatment is started relative to the induction of the pancreatitis.

PMID- 3892654
TI  - Adaptation of the small intestine to induced maldigestion in rats. Experimental
      pancreatic atrophy and acarbose feeding.
AB  - Intestinal adaptation has been studied in rats with pancreatic atrophy induced by
      feeding a copper-deficient diet and penicillamine and in rats with carbohydrate
      maldigestion induced by feeding of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (acarbose).
      Pancreatic atrophy led to a significant increase of weight, protein, and DNA
      content as well as specific activities and total amounts of the enzymes sucrase
      and maltase in the distal but not in the proximal part of the small intestine.
      Plasma levels of CCK and GIP were significantly higher in rats with pancreatic
      atrophy, whereas plasma levels of gastrin and insulin were lower. Tissue
      concentrations of gastrin in the antrum and GIP in duodenum and jejunum were
      unchanged. Duodenal CCK and jejunal substance P, somatostatin, and VIP and ileal
      substance P and somatostatin were significantly decreased in rats with acinar
      atrophy. Glucosidase inhibition by acarbose feeding led to weight increase of the
      small intestine and cecum. This was more marked when acarbose was fed together
      with a fiber-free diet. Under these conditions the protein and DNA content also
      increased significantly in both gut segments and maltase and sucrase content
      predominantly in the distal part. Insulin plasma concentration decreased
      significantly in the acarbose-fed groups, whereas GIP, gastrin, and CCK plasma
      concentrations remained unchanged. After fiber-rich diet tissue concentrations of
      gastrin in the antrum and insulin in the pancreas were significantly higher and
      GIP concentrations in the duodenum and jejunum significantly lower than after
      fiber-free diet. Acarbose increased the pancreatic insulin concentration only in
      the fiber-free group and did not influence gastrin and GIP
      concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3892656
TI  - Bibliography and abstracts on schizophrenia.

PMID- 3892655
TI  - Trophic effects on the pancreas of trypsin and bile salt deficiency in the small
      intestinal lumen.
AB  - The effect of trypsin inhibitor-containing diets was studied in rats, mice, and
      hamsters for 30 weeks. In rats, pancreatic weight, DNA, RNA, and protein
      increased in response to a diet of raw soya flour (containing trypsin inhibitor).
      In mice, pancreatic weight, DNA, RNA and protein content increased with the same
      diet. Only rats developed micro- and macro-nodules. In rats, longer treatment
      with raw soya flour resulted in further growth in the pancreas, with ultimate
      development of adenomas and carcinomas of the acinar pancreas. The pancreatic
      changes were reversible up to 6 months of feeding the raw soya diet, but
      thereafter became irreversible. Pancreatic growth, similar to that produced by
      trypsin inhibitor, was also produced by cholestyramine, perhaps as a result of
      its bile salt-binding properties. We conclude that removal of proteases and bile
      salts from the upper small intestine results in pancreatic growth, which may
      become neoplastic.

PMID- 3892657
TI  - Changes in plasma fibronectin levels after cardiac and pulmonary surgery: role of
      cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - The changes in immunoassayable plasma fibronectin were studied during seven days
      after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (group A, 19 patients) or lung
      surgery without bypass (group B, 11 patients). In group A the fibronectin showed
      a series of rapid changes during the 24 perioperative hours. Simultaneous
      assessment of other plasma proteins (albumin, fibrinogen and immunoglobulin G)
      suggested that these changes mainly reflected hemodilution and hemoconcentration
      processes following the cardiopulmonary bypass, being influenced by the
      necessarily large transfusions of plasma. The fibronectin level decreased after
      day 1, with maximum depletion (averaging -32% of preoperative value) on day 3.
      Despite subsequent progressive rise, full restoration had not been reached by day
      7. Group B did not show the initial rapid changes, but progressive fall in
      fibronectin level to a nadir on day 2 (-20% of preoperative) was followed by
      gradual return to outset value on days 4-5. The study demonstrated 1) that
      cardiac or lung surgery induces transient fibronectin depletion on days 2 to 3
      postoperatively, and 2) that in surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass the decrease
      is significantly greater and more prolonged. It is proposed that this
      supplementary decrease is due to the large amounts of particulates of various
      origin entering the blood during the bypass.

PMID- 3892658
TI  - [Therapy and course of dilated cardiomyopathy].
AB  - Dilated cardiomyopathy is a primary myocardial disease of unknown origin. The
      typical findings are severe systolic pump failure and dilatation of all cardiac
      chambers with severe cardiomegaly. Clinical symptomatology is determined by
      myocardial dysfunction with congestive heart failure. Cardiomegaly and arrhythmia
      may precede clinical symptoms of congestive heart failure by years. Medical
      therapy is based on classical treatment of congestive heart failure with
      digitalis and diuretics; recently, afterload-reducing agents, such as converting
      enzyme inhibitors, have become the drug of choice for patients with severe
      congestive heart failure. Antiarrhythmic therapy is necessary in the presence of
      severe arrhythmia, and anticoagulation is indicated when a low-output state or
      atrial fibrillation are present. Clinical course in dilated cardiomyopathy is
      usually poor and 5-year survival is 38% in our group.

PMID- 3892660
TI  - [Follow-up of potentially cured cancer patients. Object, method and duration?].
AB  - The follow-up of potentially cured cancer patients is discussed. After outlining
      the goals, requirements and problems of posttreatment follow-up, practical
      guidelines for gastrointestinal, breast and lung cancer, the malignant lymphomas
      and testicular cancer are suggested for the benefit of the medical practitioner,
      who often directs the follow-up care of a patient after completion of primary
      treatment for cancer.

PMID- 3892659
TI  - [Controversy on platelet-inhibiting drugs].
AB  - The only well established, clinically useful platelet inhibiting drug is aspirin,
      though the optimal dose is unknown. Experimental findings, the virtual absence of
      side effects and, so far, four clinical studies favour a dose of 100-300 mg per
      day. The majority of clinical studies, however, and particularly those involving
      patients with cerebrovascular diseases, have employed doses of aspirin of 1000
      1200 mg per day. Aspirin reduces mortality and infarction rates in patients who
      have already had myocardial infarction by 0-30%. The efficacy of additional
      dipyridamol or of sulfinpyrazone is not proven either. So far the effects of
      aspirin in patients with unstable angina and in patients after aortocoronary
      bypass surgery are more favourable. The best evidenced indication for aspirin
      treatment is transient ischemic attacks and status post stroke. The beneficial
      effect of aspirin in these conditions may also extend to women. Additional
      dipyridamol is also useless in this condition.

PMID- 3892661
TI  - [Treatment of end-stage chronic renal failure in Switzerland].
AB  - The 31 Swiss dialysis units treating adult patients with end-stage renal failure
      have been surveyed. At the end of 1982, 1849 patients, i.e. 284.5/10(6)
      population were treated, 821 (44.4%) by center hemodialysis, 205 (11.1%) at home,
      115 by self-care hemodialysis, 190 (10.2%) by CAPD and 518 (28.0%) by renal
      transplantation. Centers located in French-speaking Switzerland treat more
      patients by center hemodialysis (131.4 vs 119.7/10(6) in the German-speaking
      area), at home (36 vs 29.4/10(6] and by self-care hemodialysis (47 vs 9.4/10(6],
      while the centers located in the German-speaking area treat more patients by CAPD
      (33 vs 18.7/10(6] and renal transplantation (92.3 vs 44.6/10(6]. The nursing
      staff varies among the centers from 1.6 to 10.2 patients/nurse and is in inverse
      ratio to the number of patients treated per center. It is concluded that 1. in
      Switzerland, 284.5 patients per million population are treated for ESRF,
      representing one of the world's highest ratios, 2. within the same country, wide
      geographical differences are apparent in the choice and application of the
      various ESRF treatment modalities, 3. the setting-up of numerous new dialysis
      units seems to lead to the preferential development of center hemodialysis and to
      a high nursing staff requirement. Other treatment approaches are recommended.

PMID- 3892663
TI  - [Effects of the Tibetan herbal preparation Padma 28 in intermittent
      claudication].
AB  - In a placebo-controlled double blind study the effect of Padma 28, a Tibetan
      herbal prescription, on patients with intermittent claudication was investigated.
      After two weeks without vasoactive therapy 23 patients were treated by Padma 28
      and 20 by placebo. The patients had a disease history of at least 8 months, a
      steady state for symptoms (maximum walking distance below 250 m), and were
      distributed randomly in the two groups. After 16 weeks the patients treated with
      Padma 28 exhibited on standardized ergometry an increase of some 100% (p less
      than 0.01) in the maximum as well as painfree walking distance. The control
      patients showed increases of 21% in maximum (p less than 0.05 as compared to
      Padma 28), and 46% in painfree walking distance. The drug was well tolerated and
      no drop-out ensued because of side effects.

PMID- 3892662
TI  - [How extensive are the present indications for bone marrow transplantation?].
AB  - Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is emerging as a valuable therapeutic approach
      to a number of diseases that are usually or uniformly fatal. In a general review,
      recent experience with BMT in acute leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia and
      severe aplastic anemia is summarized.

PMID- 3892664
TI  - [Clinical aspects observed during an epidemic of 415 cases of Q fever].
AB  - The clinical findings during a major epidemic of Q-fever which affected 415
      people in the Val de Bagnes (Valais, Switzerland) in the autumn of 1983 are
      reported. Q-fever symptoms were evident in 191 cases but inconspicuous or absent
      in 224 cases. The symptoms most frequently reported were prolonged high fever,
      headaches, severe exhaustion, loss of appetite, cough and myalgia. Amongst
      disorders which accompany acute Q-fever, pneumonia and granulomatous hepatitis
      are very frequent, while myopericarditis and glomerulonephritis are less
      frequently observed. Endocarditis, a later complication of Q-fever, is a severe
      illness which more frequently affects patients with underlying valvular lesions.
      New serological techniques now permit more rapid and more accurate diagnosis of
      both acute and chronic Q-fever.

PMID- 3892665
TI  - [Genetic rat models of hypertension].

PMID- 3892666
TI  - [Two distinct serotonin receptors in the mammalian central nervous system].

PMID- 3892667
TI  - [Low-molecular weight immunostimulants: cell membrane enzyme inhibitors].

PMID- 3892668
TI  - [Structure-function relationships of calmodulin and its interaction with drugs].

PMID- 3892669
TI  - [Advances in the study of the pattern electroretinogram].

PMID- 3892670
TI  - [Sonographic topography of the upper anterior mediastinum].
AB  - Normal sonotopography and morphology of the upper anterior mediastinum are
      outlined; the relative incidence of clearly represented vascular structures can
      be used as a criterion for quality and completeness of the ultrasonographic
      examination of thoracic inlet.

PMID- 3892671
TI  - [Sonographic visualization of the pancreatic duct before and after secretin
      stimulation: an aid in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis].
AB  - In 34 patients the diameter of Wirsung's duct was measured by real-time
      sonography before and after intravenous application of secretin. 25 of these
      patients, meeting special criteria, were chosen as normal controls; 9 patients
      had chronic pancreatitis. Normal subjects with an average duct diameter of 1.8 mm
      showed an average dilatation by about 89% to a mean value of 3.4 mm, mostly
      within five minutes. No dilatation was seen in patients with chronic pancreatitis
      (average duct diameter 2.9 mm), with the exception of one patient. The authors
      discuss the possibility of assessing pancreatic function and of detecting the
      presence of a rigid duct in a fibrotic pancreas by sonography. This confirms the
      usefulness of the sonographic secretin test as a reliable aid in the diagnosis of
      chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 3892672
TI  - [Premedication for abdominal sonography--comparison of the efficacy of 2
      dimethicone preparations].
AB  - Two commercially available preparations of dimethycon with different galenic
      properties (Paractol flussig, Sab simplex) were tested for their usefulness as a
      premedication for abdominal sonography. According to the recommendations of the
      manufacturers each of 20 patients was pretreated with four different galenic
      preparations of the two substances that were administered in a randomly assigned
      sequence. 13 abdominal regions of interest were investigated for visualisation of
      organs and gas interposition. Both groups of drugs clearly improved the quality
      of imaging of the abdominal vessels and the epigastric structures, but Paractol
      proved to have significantly better effects. This is possibly due to a higher
      dosage of dimethycon in Paractol.

PMID- 3892673
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of the vertebrobasilar system. II. Transnuchal diagnosis of
      intracranial vertebrobasilar stenoses using a novel pulsed Doppler system].
AB  - This report deals with the non-invasive detection of haemodynamically non
      significant stenoses of the intracranial part of the vertebrobasilar system. A
      new Doppler device transmitting pulsed 2 MHz ultrasound was used. Among 67
      patients with transient or stable neurological deficits of the posterior
      circulation area, five were found to have stenoses of the distal vertebral artery
      or basilar artery, respectively. Transnuchal approach via the foramen magnum was
      used. The findings were confirmed by angiography. Twelve subjects with normal
      Doppler findings also underwent angiography. Three of them presented
      irregularities and plaquing of the vertebrobasilar trunk without circumscribed
      stenosing lesions. Transcranial pulsed Doppler sonography permits non-invasive
      detection of intracranially located stenoses of the vertebrobasilar system which,
      up to now, could not be diagnosed with the help of extracranial conventional
      continuous-wave Doppler alone. This new method allows early detection of basilar
      artery occlusive disease. The effectiveness of anticoagulation and fibrinolysis
      can be assessed non-invasively.

PMID- 3892674
TI  - [Development of nonstenotic extracranial carotid plaques--a prospective study of
      its course with the Duplex system].
AB  - The natural history of a prospectively investigated group of patients with small
      non-stenotic extracranial carotid lesions (less than 30% lumen narrowing) was
      studied during 18 months. Using a specially designed high resolution (10 MHz)
      ultrasound Duplex system, 43 lesions were followed in 31 patients. Whereas the
      majority of the carotid atheromas remained unchanged (51%) or deteriorated (30%),
      spontaneous regression could be observed in 19%. Regression was limited to volume
      reduction of "soft plaques" and healing of "ulcerative" lesions, while "fibrous"
      and "hard plaques" remained unchanged or deteriorated. None of the patients
      developed cerebrovascular events during follow-up.

PMID- 3892675
TI  - [Splenic rupture: conservative treatment with sonographic control of its course].
AB  - The spleen is the abdominal organ most frequently damaged in blunt abdominal
      trauma. Because of the high incidence of fatal sepsis after splenectomy,
      conservative treatment is getting increasingly important. Besides CT and
      radionuclide scanning, sonography has become an increasingly important tool in
      diagnosis and follow-up.

PMID- 3892676
TI  - A comparison of atenolol and long-acting trimazosin in mild to moderate essential
      hypertension.
AB  - In a 12-week double-blind randomised study the efficacy of atenolol and a new
      longer-acting formulation of trimazosin were compared when given once daily in
      patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Two parallel groups, each consisting
      of 18 patients, were studied. At randomisation the two groups were well matched
      for age and sex distribution. They were also well matched for blood pressure,
      pulse rate and body weight; these latter measurements were recorded at regular
      intervals during the 12 weeks of study. Atenolol produced substantial reduction
      in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and in heart rate, during 12 weeks
      of treatment. This therapeutic effect was maintained until the next dose after 24
      hours. Trimazosin, by comparison, failed to reduce either systolic or diastolic
      pressure, or to alter heart rate. Side effects were minor with both agents and
      compliance with treatment was good. Atenolol caused significant elevation of
      plasma concentration of triglyceride, with reduction in high density lipoprotein
      concentration when compared with trimazosin. In conclusion, atenolol was
      confirmed as an effective agent for the treatment of mild to moderate
      hypertension. By comparison trimazosin in the longer-acting formulation was
      ineffective in this study. However, trimazosin may still find a place in
      treatment if used at higher dose.

PMID- 3892677
TI  - Benign chronic bullous disease of childhood in an Indian child.
AB  - An Indian atopic child presented with benign chronic bullous disease of childhood
      (BCBDC). HLA grouping did not show the typical finding of HLA B8 which questions
      the value of HLA typing in this condition.

PMID- 3892678
TI  - Therapeutic drug monitoring--the need for audit?
AB  - The experience of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of seven drugs as part of the
      normal biochemistry services over the period April 1982-83 is reported. Reagent
      costs alone for these assays exceeded pounds 15,000. Of 1,841 digoxin
      estimations, 56 per cent fell within the therapeutic range whereas 25 per cent
      were potentially toxic. Fifty per cent of 968 lithium measurements were lower
      than 4 mg L-1, placing many of these patients at risk of treatment failure. Only
      29 per cent and 32 per cent of 369 theophylline and 440 phenytoin concentrations
      respectively were within their well-established ranges. In only around 20 per
      cent of requests for theophylline and phenytoin assay was sufficient clinical
      information supplied to the laboratory. In the majority of patients with
      theophylline or phenytoin concentrations outwith the therapeutic range, further
      analysis was not requested and so optimisation of dosage cannot be assumed to
      have occurred. The wide therapeutic ranges of carbamazepine and phenobarbitone
      ensured that most patients attained acceptable concentrations. Sodium valproate
      analysis was requested on 160 occasions despite the poor correlation between the
      concentration of this drug and its therapeutic and toxic effects. TDM can be an
      expensive exercise which must be subjected to rigorous cost-benefit analysis.
      Requests should be made on a customised drug assay form and interpretative advice
      on individual patient problems made available. Recommendations for the
      organisation, daily running and clinical supervision of TDM are made.

PMID- 3892679
TI  - The effect of omeprazole on insulin induced gastric secretion in man.
AB  - The effect of oral omeprazole on insulin induced gastric secretion was studied in
      12 healthy subjects. Each subject participated in two secretory tests receiving
      an intravenous infusion of insulin (0.03 units/kg/h) and being randomly allocated
      to receive 30mg or 60mg omeprazole suspended in 100ml water containing 16 mmol
      NaHCO3 on the second study day. Peak plasma concentrations of omeprazole were
      achieved within 30 minutes of administration in all but one subject and plasma
      half life was 30 minutes. Mean peak stimulated acid output in the six subjects
      receiving 30mg omeprazole was reduced to 4.3 +/- S.E. 1.8 mmol/h from a control
      value of 16.8 +/- 2.2 mmol/h (p less than 0.05) and in six subjects receiving
      60mg omeprazole, mean peak output fell to 3.4 +/- 2.1 mmol/h from a control value
      of 12.3 +/- 2.6 mmol/h (p less than 0.05). The two doses of omeprazole produced
      similar reduction in acid secretion (74% and 73% respectively) but neither dose
      affected pepsin secretion. Both doses of omeprazole were associated with a small
      statistically insignificant increase in the plasma gastrin response to insulin
      infusion.

PMID- 3892680
TI  - General aspects of trace elements and health.

PMID- 3892681
TI  - Magnesium and certain other elements and cardiovascular disease.
AB  - Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the major cause of mortality in
      developed countries. For the past two-and-a-half decades the inverse relationship
      between water hardness and CVD mortality has stimulated interest among
      epidemiologists, clinicians and experimental researchers. Much progress has been
      made in elucidating which element in the water may account for this situation.
      After reviewing those elements found to have a role in cardiovascular function
      the authors present the epidemiological evidence and its consistency with recent
      findings: aside from various trace elements emphasis is placed on magnesium which
      is recognized as having a vital role.

PMID- 3892682
TI  - Mercury in the open Mediterranean: evidence of contamination?
AB  - In relation to the previously observed higher Hg concentrations in the tissues of
      certain Mediterranean fish (e.g. mackerel and tuna) compared with the same
      species in the Atlantic, the evidence for anomolously high Hg contamination of
      the Mediterranean has been examined. Four aspects have been addressed: the
      reliability of analytical measurements; the paucity of data on Hg in the
      Mediterranean and other oceanic areas; the actual levels of Hg in truly open
      ocean waters; and ecological factors which may play a role in the enrichment of
      Hg in Mediterranean fish. Recent evidence suggests that former measurements of Hg
      in sea water are inadequate, and overestimate the concentrations of Hg in oceanic
      waters. Even today, intercalibration studies suggest that there are serious
      problems in the determination of Hg at the levels present in open oceans. A
      comparison of the most recent reliable data indicates that Mediterranean open
      ocean waters are not enriched in Hg relative to the North Atlantic or other open
      ocean areas. Similarly, no evidence exists for Hg anomalies in deep-ocean
      sediments in the Mediterranean, although it is apparent that localised coastal
      anomalies do occur as a result of natural and anthropogenic Hg sources.
      Generally, there is a severe lack of data on total Hg concentrations in truly
      open-ocean environments, and virtually no data on alkyl forms of Hg. Geographic
      comparisons of Hg in plankton and small pelagic fish do not indicate the presence
      of higher Hg concentrations in the Mediterranean Sea compared with oceanic
      regimes. Since these lower trophic species serve as a source of food for larger
      predaceous fish, e.g. tuna, the origin of the high Hg content in top-level
      predators is difficult to explain by evoking solely food chain relationships. In
      trying to resolve the question of why high Hg concentrations are found in certain
      Mediterranean fish, future studies should include an examination of the alkyl as
      well as inorganic forms of Hg, and ecological factors such as growth rates and
      feeding regime.

PMID- 3892683
TI  - The gastrointestinal absorption of 'biologically incorporated' plutonium-239 in
      the rat.
AB  - Growing potatoes have been labelled by foliar applications of plutonium citrate.
      Approximately 0.4% of the radioactivity was taken up by the tubers. The potatoes
      were fed to rats and the gastrointestinal uptake of plutonium was estimated to be
      0.34%. The significance of these results in relation to the uptake by humans is
      discussed.

PMID- 3892684
TI  - An overview of environmental and toxicological aspects of aromatic hydrocarbons.
      III. Xylene.
AB  - The commercial product "mixed xylenes" (a technical product generally containing
      approximately 40% m-xylene and 20% each of o-xylene, p-xylene and ethylbenzene,
      as well as small quantities of toluene) analogously to toluene is an agent of
      major chemical and occupational significance. It is produced in very large
      quantities and is extensively employed in a broad spectrum of applications,
      primarily as a solvent for which its use is increasing as a "safe" replacement
      for benzene, and in gasoline as part of the BTX component (benzene-toluene
      xylene); xylenes are also frequently used in the rubber industry with other
      solvents such as toluene and benzene. As individual isomers they are extensively
      employed in the synthesis of synthetic agents, for example phthalic acid,
      isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid and dimethylterephthalate, which have very
      broad applications in the further preparation of phthalate ester plasticizers and
      components of polyester fiber, film and fabricated items. There is a broad
      potential for exposure both to industrial workers in the production and use of
      the xylenes and to the general public (via vehicle exhausts, consumer products,
      etc). Compared with benzene and toluene, very much less is known of the human
      health hazards, particularly the chronic effects of xylenes, either as mixed
      xylenes, as individual isomers or in admixture with other alkylbenzenes. It is of
      importance to note that coal-based solvents (e.g., xylene) have been suggested to
      be possible potent lymphocytic leukemogens, such as benzene, in a limited study
      of the relationship between lymphocytic leukemia and exposures to benzene and
      other solvents in the rubber industry. Available animal data on the
      carcinogenicity of xylene(s) are inadequate to permit an evaluation. Mixed
      xylenes are currently being investigated in a chronic bioassay by the National
      Toxicology Program. In limited studies thus far, the individual isomers have not
      been found genotoxic when tested in a number of short-term tests.

PMID- 3892685
TI  - Toxicity of fluoride-containing dental preparations: a review.

PMID- 3892686
TI  - Aromatic-aromatic interaction: a mechanism of protein structure stabilization.
AB  - Analysis of neighboring aromatic groups in four biphenyl peptides or peptide
      analogs and 34 proteins reveals a specific aromatic-aromatic interaction.
      Aromatic pairs (less than 7 A between phenyl ring centroids) were analyzed for
      the frequency of pair type, their interaction geometry (separation and dihedral
      angle), their nonbonded interaction energy, the secondary structural locations of
      interacting residues, their environment, and their conservation in related
      molecules. The results indicate that on average about 60 percent of aromatic side
      chains in proteins are involved in aromatic pairs, 80 percent of which form
      networks of three or more interacting aromatic side chains. Phenyl ring centroids
      are separated by a preferential distance of between 4.5 and 7 A, and dihedral
      angles approaching 90 degrees are most common. Nonbonded potential energy
      calculations indicate that a typical aromatic-aromatic interaction has energy of
      between -1 and -2 kilocalories per mole. The free energy contribution of the
      interaction depends on the environment of the aromatic pair. Buried or partially
      buried pairs constitute 80 percent of the surveyed sample and contribute a free
      energy of between -0.6 and -1.3 kilocalories per mole to the stability of the
      protein's structure at physiologic temperature. Of the proteins surveyed, 80
      percent of these energetically favorable interactions stabilize tertiary
      structure, and 20 percent stabilize quaternary structure. Conservation of the
      interaction in related molecules is particularly striking.

PMID- 3892687
TI  - Immunocytochemical detection of acetylcholine in the rat central nervous system.
AB  - A specific antibody to acetylcholine was raised and used as a marker for
      cholinergic neurons in the rat central nervous system. The acetylcholine
      conjugate was obtained by a two-step immunogen synthesis procedure. An enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay was used to test the specificity and affinity of the
      antibody in vitro; the results indicated high affinity. A chemical perfusion
      mixture of allyl alcohol and glutaraldehyde was used to fix the acetylcholine in
      the nervous tissue. Peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemistry showed many
      acetylcholine-immunoreactive cells and fibers in sections from the medial septum
      region.

PMID- 3892688
TI  - Diazepam-binding inhibitor: a neuropeptide located in selected neuronal
      populations of rat brain.
AB  - An endogenous polypeptide of rat brain has been identified that is capable of
      displacing 1,4-benzodiazepines and the esters of the 3-carboxylic acid
      derivatives of beta-carbolines from their specific synaptic binding sites. This
      polypeptide was termed diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI). Previous studies have
      shown that DBI injected intraventricularly in rodents elicits "proconflict"
      responses and antagonizes the "anticonflict" action of benzodiazepines. An
      antiserum to this peptide, directed toward an immunodeterminant near its amino
      terminus, makes it possible to detect, measure, and study the neuronal location
      of this peptide in rat brain. In the rat cerebral cortex, DBI immunoreactivity is
      located in neurons that are not GABAergic (GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid); in the
      cerebellum and hippocampus, however, it might be present also in GABAergic
      neurons.

PMID- 3892689
TI  - Expression of two variant surface glycoproteins on individual African
      trypanosomes during antigen switching.
AB  - Individual Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense organisms were observed in the process
      of switching variant surface glycoproteins (VSG's). During this switch,
      trypanosomes simultaneously expressed both pre- and postswitch VSG's uniformly
      over their surface as detected with monoclonal antibodies. Analysis of this
      switching event showed that trypanosomes expressing any one of three distinct
      preswitch VSG's could switch to expression of from one to three different
      postswitch VSG's. Up to 2.7 percent of the trypanosome population was in the
      process of switching at one time.

PMID- 3892690
TI  - Induced expression of the glucocorticoid receptor in the rat intermediate
      pituitary lobe.
AB  - Synthesis and release of pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides are under
      differential regulation in the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary.
      Glucocorticoids inhibit synthesis of pro-opiomelanocortin-related peptides in the
      anterior lobe but not in the intermediate lobe. These two lobes are also
      characterized by differences in neural innervation and blood flow, both of which
      may represent routes of access for regulatory factors (the intermediate lobe is
      avascular). Immunoreactive glucocorticoid receptor, which can be demonstrated in
      many tissues, is absent from the intermediate lobe. Immunocytochemistry was used
      to demonstrate the presence of immunoreactive glucocorticoid receptor in the
      intermediate lobe after pituitary stalk transection, neurointermediate lobe
      grafts to kidney capsule, or monolayer culture of neurointermediate pituitary
      cells. This appearance of the glucocorticoid receptor is presumably a consequence
      of removal of intermediate pituitary cells from neural influences that may be
      responsible for inhibiting their expression under normal conditions in vivo.

PMID- 3892691
TI  - Court rules in patient privacy case.

PMID- 3892692
TI  - Amino acid replacements that compensate for a large polypeptide deletion in an
      enzyme.
AB  - Deletion of more than 400 amino acids from the carboxyl terminus of an enzyme
      causes a severe reduction in catalytic activity. Selected point mutations within
      the residual protein partially reverse the effects of the missing segment. The
      selection can yield mutants with activities at least ten times as high as those
      of the starting polypeptides. One well-characterized mutation, a single amino
      acid replacement in the residual polypeptide, increases the catalytic activity of
      the polypeptide by a factor of 5. The results suggest substantial potential for
      design of protein elements to compensate for missing polypeptide sequences. They
      also may reflect that progenitors of large aminoacyl-tRNA (transfer RNA)
      synthetases--one of which was used in these studies--were themselves much
      smaller.

PMID- 3892694
TI  - Prophylaxis and treatment of leukemia in the central nervous system and other
      sanctuaries.

PMID- 3892693
TI  - Immunologic markers in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3892695
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3892696
TI  - The emerging genetics of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: clinical and biologic
      implications.

PMID- 3892697
TI  - Sequential high-dose ara-C and asparaginase in the therapy of previously treated
      and untreated patients with acute leukemia.

PMID- 3892698
TI  - Studies on the cytotoxicity of cytosine arabinoside.

PMID- 3892699
TI  - The intracavitary administration of cytarabine to patients with nonhematopoietic
      malignancies: pharmacologic rationale and results of clinical trials.

PMID- 3892700
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia and lymphoma with high-dose
      cytosine arabinoside and total body irradiation.

PMID- 3892701
TI  - The combined use of cytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide, and total body
      irradiation as preparative regimen for bone marrow transplantation in patients
      with AML and CML.

PMID- 3892702
TI  - High-dose cytarabine in consolidation chemotherapy or with bone marrow
      transplantation for patients with acute leukemia: preliminary results.

PMID- 3892703
TI  - Central nervous system toxicity with high-dose cytosine arabinoside.

PMID- 3892704
TI  - Dose-related pharmacologic effects of high-dose ara-C and its self-potentiation.

PMID- 3892705
TI  - Cytosine arabinoside in experimental combination therapy.

PMID- 3892706
TI  - In vitro and in vivo assessment of sensitivity to ara-C in myeloid leukemias.

PMID- 3892707
TI  - [Biological, genetic and antigenic characteristics of Eikenella corrodens].

PMID- 3892708
TI  - [75th anniversary of the Swedish Nurses' Association].

PMID- 3892710
TI  - [The centennial of a school. Historical wealth and transmission of values. The
      Florence Nightingale School at Bagatelle].

PMID- 3892709
TI  - Economic analysis of health service professions: a survey.

PMID- 3892711
TI  - Management of severe distress in a potentially anomalous preterm fetus.
AB  - Unless there is unequivocal evidence of a congenital anomaly incompatible with
      life, expeditious delivery should be offered to the patient whose potentially
      viable fetus is showing evidence of severe distress. The patient should be
      informed of the difficulties in interpreting diagnostic testing as well as both
      the immediate risks and future implications of vertical cesarean delivery. Our
      case further suggests that ultrasonographically and echocardiographically
      detected congestive heart failure may actually help confirm the diagnosis of
      fetal distress rather than necessarily identify an anatomic cardiac anomaly.

PMID- 3892713
TI  - In defense of thyroid ultrasonography.

PMID- 3892712
TI  - Failure of chloramphenicol and cefotaxime therapy in Klebsiella meningitis:
      possible role of antibiotic antagonism.
AB  - We have described a patient with Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis who was treated
      with cefotaxime and chloramphenicol concomitantly, and whose slow initial
      resolution and subsequent relapse plus in vitro evidence of antagonism of
      cefotaxime appear to indicate that chloramphenicol interfered with the activity
      of the cephalosporin. Thus, concomitant use of chloramphenicol should probably be
      avoided or used advisedly in adults with gram-negative bacillary meningitis
      susceptible to a third generation cephalosporin.

PMID- 3892714
TI  - [Radiologic examinations in abdominal aortic aneurysm].

PMID- 3892715
TI  - [The principal dermatologic disorders in tropical areas].

PMID- 3892716
TI  - [Chief naval surgeons during World War II].

PMID- 3892717
TI  - [History of the higher medical education of women in Russia].

PMID- 3892718
TI  - [Hippocrates and the present time].

PMID- 3892719
TI  - [State of the enteroinsular axis in patients with chronic enteritis and
      ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 3892720
TI  - [Greatness and immortality of the teachings and works of V.I. Lenin (on the 115th
      anniversary of Lenin's birth)].

PMID- 3892721
TI  - [Functional aftereffects of resection of the pancreas].

PMID- 3892722
TI  - [Structure and functions of biological membranes in kidney diseases].

PMID- 3892723
TI  - [Cause-effect relationship in toxoplasmosis].

PMID- 3892724
TI  - [Use of ultrasonics in the complex treatment of complicated forms of acute
      cholecystitis].

PMID- 3892725
TI  - [Treatment of an extensive skin tumor using cryodestruction followed by
      autotransplantation].

PMID- 3892726
TI  - [The role of neurovascular microsurgery in modern reconstructive surgery].

PMID- 3892727
TI  - [Possibilities of diagnostic use of ultrasound in inveterate tendon injuries].

PMID- 3892728
TI  - Diagnostic radiology--original publications by South African physicians, 1896
      1920.

PMID- 3892729
TI  - Ketoconazole prophylaxis in patients with solid tumours receiving aggressive
      immunosuppressive therapy. An open randomized comparison between 200 mg/d and 400
      mg/d doses.
AB  - Forty-three patients, most with solid tumours, were included in a study comparing
      the antifungal prophylactic effect of ketoconazole (Nizoral; Janssen) 200 mg/d
      and 400 mg/d during the period of immunosuppressive therapy. Seven patients were
      not seen for follow-up and 6 died of their underlying disease without clinical
      evidence of mycosis. Twelve of the patients who could be evaluated received
      ketoconazole 200 mg/d and 18 received 400 mg/d. No infections occurred during the
      period of prophylactic treatment. In the group receiving 200 mg/d 10 of 36
      cultures (28%) were positive for Candida albicans before prophylaxis. During
      prophylaxis 5 of 18 cultures (28%) were positive and at the end of the
      prophylactic regimen 1 out of 37 cultures (3%) was positive. In the 400 mg/d
      group, 13 of 47 cultures (28%) were positive at the start, 2 out of 20 (10%) were
      positive during prophylaxis and 1 out of 45 (2%) was still positive at the end.
      The drug was clinically well tolerated. Twenty of the 30 evaluable patients had
      no significant biochemical abnormalities, 5 had an increased serum transaminase
      level, 2 had an increased alkaline phosphatase level, and 3 had combined
      increases of serum transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels. These
      abnormalities are regularly seen in patients with metastatic malignant disease,
      and are not necessarily related to the ketoconazole prophylaxis.

PMID- 3892730
TI  - History of medicine. The Department of Dermatology, University of Cape Town, 1922
      1962.

PMID- 3892731
TI  - Sporotrichosis research in the Transvaal--how it began 60 years ago.
AB  - The Transvaal was once known as an area with a high incidence of sporotrichosis
      in workers on the goldmines. The nature of the infection was not understood
      before the disease was first clinically identified 60 years ago by the
      pathologist, Dr B. D. Pullinger. Working with Dr A. Pijper in Pretoria, she
      demonstrated the presence of a pathogenic Sporothrix fungus. Now in retirement,
      Dr Pullinger has told how this discovery was made.

PMID- 3892732
TI  - "That blessed sleep"--Part 2. Thoughts on the history of anaesthesia.

PMID- 3892733
TI  - Skin grafts for circumferential coverage of perianal wounds.
AB  - A technique for circumferential skin grafting of the perianal skin after excision
      of Bowen's disease is described. The technique has proved satisfactory. The
      protocol for perioperative management of the bowel and the regimen of strict bed
      rest must be followed carefully.

PMID- 3892734
TI  - Portal vein grafts in hepatic transplantation.

PMID- 3892735
TI  - The letters of William Halsted and Erwin Payr.

PMID- 3892736
TI  - Effect of prostacyclin and adenosine triphosphate on vasospasm of canine basilar
      artery.
AB  - Cerebral vasospasm is one of the most important factors influencing morbidity and
      mortality of intracranial operations or diseases. Platelet aggregation and
      adhesion is increased in spastic vessels. Degradation of platelets liberates
      mediators, which in turn increase vasospasm, thus creating a vicious cycle.
      Healthy vessels cope with this by increasing the synthesis of prostacyclin. The
      purpose of this study was to increase experimentally the levels of arterial
      prostacyclin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in animals through intraarterial
      injection of these substances because they are lower in spastic vessels.
      Prostacyclin promotes antiaggregation and dilatation, increases blood flow,
      inhibits thromboxane A2, and prevents synthesis of angiotensin II. Most of these
      effects were done by increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). After
      injecting autogenous blood into the cisterna magna of male dogs, both the acute
      and chronic phases of vasospasm and the degenerative changes in the arterial wall
      were observed. Injecting ATP increased the severity of vasospasm. During
      vasospasm it was found that when prostacyclin is used intraarterially,
      vasodilatation began, but degeneration of the arterial wall could not be
      prevented. In the group of animals in which both ATP and prostacyclin were used,
      there was no degeneration of the arterial wall and the basilar artery was seen to
      be normal when viewed under the electron microscope.

PMID- 3892737
TI  - [The location of the neurons supplying the masseter of rats by horseradish
      peroxidase].

PMID- 3892738
TI  - [Abnormal insulin secretion and carbohydrate metabolism in hypercortisolism].

PMID- 3892739
TI  - [Production and screening of monoclonal antibodies against Plasmodium vivax].

PMID- 3892740
TI  - Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. A spectrum of developmental disorders.
AB  - The clinical and histopathologic features of Axenfeld's anomaly and Rieger's
      anomaly and syndrome are reviewed, and recent findings regarding the pathogenesis
      of this spectrum of developmental disorders are discussed. Based on these
      observations, it has been suggested that a developmental arrest, in the third
      trimester of gestation, of tissues derived from the neural crest cells accounts
      for the ocular and most of the nonocular abnormalities in this group of
      disorders. Since previous collective terms, such as mesodermal dysgenesis and
      anterior chamber cleavage syndrome, are not consistent with these new
      observations, the alternative name, Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, has been proposed.
      The differential diagnosis of the syndrome includes two additional spectra of
      disorders: the iridocorneal endothelial syndrome and the posterior polymorphous
      dystrophies. The most serious ocular problem in Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is the
      associated glaucoma, which occurs in a high percentage of patients and is
      typically difficult to control. Recent observations regarding the mechanism of
      the glaucoma, as reviewed in this paper, provide guidance in the management of
      this aspect of Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome.

PMID- 3892741
TI  - Fine needle aspiration biopsy in ophthalmology.
AB  - When noninvasive techniques fail to confirm or rule out the suspicion of a
      malignant lesion, fine needle aspiration biopsy may provide an efficient,
      economical and relatively safe method of obtaining material for cytological
      study. The technique may also be valuable for intraoperative morphological
      evaluation. Traumatic complications produced by fine (21-25 gauge) needles are
      infrequent and almost never serious, and concerns about tumor seeding through the
      procedure have been largely dispelled by recent studies. Reliable results require
      a high level of skill in performing the aspiration procedure and in cytologically
      examining the small amount of material obtained. The authors review the history,
      applications, techniques and complications of fine needle aspiration biopsy,
      presenting guidelines for and illustrations of its use in specific ophthalmic
      situations.

PMID- 3892742
TI  - Proliferative vitreoretinopathy and chemotherapeutic agents.
AB  - Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a disease process that occurs in eyes
      with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments and accounts for the majority of failures
      following retinal detachment surgery. PVR involves the uncontrolled proliferation
      of non-neoplastic cells capable of forming membranes, which may occur on either
      surface of the retina or along the detached surface of the vitreous gel.
      Contraction of these membranes creates tractional forces that can distort or
      detach the retina. Various surgical procedures have been used to repair retinal
      detachments associated with PVR. The results have not been encouraging in many
      instances. Recent efforts have been directed toward the chemical inhibition of
      cellular proliferation in PVR. The majority of drugs used in these studies have
      been antineoplastic agents that affect various phases in the cycle of cell
      growth.

PMID- 3892743
TI  - Subtotal cholecystectomy: for the difficult gallbladder in portal hypertension
      and cholecystitis.
AB  - An easy, safe, and definitive operation for the "difficult gallbladder" is
      described and has been termed subtotal cholecystectomy. Eighteen patients
      underwent subtotal cholecystectomy during a 30-month period, which constitutes
      approximately 7% of cholecystectomies performed at our institution. The
      indications were cholecystitis with severe fibrosis or inflammatory changes that
      prevented safe dissection in Calot's triangle in 11 patients and portal
      hypertension in seven patients (liver cirrhosis [two patients] and segmental
      portal hypertension caused by chronic pancreatitis [five patients]) to prevent
      massive blood loss from the gallbladder bed. The operation entails leaving the
      posterior wall of the gallbladder attached to the liver and securing the cystic
      duct at its origin from within the gallbladder with a purse string technique. The
      latter obviates the need for dangerous dissection in Calot's triangle. Control of
      bleeding from the remaining gallbladder edge is greatly facilitated by the use of
      a running suture after each stage of piecemeal excision of the gallbladder. All
      patients survived the operation and wound infection occurred in only two patients
      (11%). One patient required a laparotomy 1 month after surgery for adhesive small
      bowel obstruction related to the remaining gallbladder wall and site of a liver
      biopsy. No patients have so far developed postcholecystectomy symptoms (median
      follow-up 12.2 months; range 3 to 31 months). Subtotal cholecystectomy is a
      definitive operation that prevents recurrent gallstone formation, as no residual
      diseased gallbladder mucosa is left in continuity with the biliary system. It
      provides a simple, safe option in patients in whom cholecystectomy could be
      hazardous.

PMID- 3892744
TI  - Bacterial colonization of percutaneous sutures.
AB  - The direct electron microscopic examination of 15 sutures and 15 staples removed
      from 10 healed surgical wounds showed, on the intradermal portions, consistent
      colonization by bacteria growing in adherent biofilms. This clearly demonstrable
      bacterial colonization of biomaterials within the wound tract had not resulted in
      infection or perceptible inflammation in any of the wounds. These bacterial cells
      were of several morphotypes, including gram-positive cocci, and all specimens
      yielded cultures of the autochthonous (native) skin bacterium, Staphylococcus
      epidermidis. The bacteria within the wound tracts were enveloped by extracellular
      material that appeared on scanning electron microscopy to be a condensed
      amorphous residue and on transmission electron microscopy to be a fibrous
      extracellular matrix. We suggest that this mode of growth, in which the
      colonizing bacteria are enveloped in a copious exopolysaccharide glycocalix,
      protects the bacteria from host defense factors and accounts for their
      persistence on the suture surfaces until they are removed with the sutures.

PMID- 3892745
TI  - The incidence of wound infection after stapled or sutured bowel anastomosis and
      stapled or sutured skin closure in humans and guinea pigs.
AB  - In a study of antimicrobial prophylaxis in colorectal surgery, a higher incidence
      of wound sepsis was noted in patients who underwent stapled rather than sutured
      anastomoses and skin closures. There were six wound infections in 69 patients
      (8.7%) who underwent nonstapled anastomoses compared with seven in 28 (25%) in
      whom GIA or EEA staplers were used (p = 0.003). Excluding the EEA-stapled cases,
      the infection rate was 29% (p = 0.022). In patients who underwent sutured
      anastomoses, there were no wound infections in 21 whose skin was closed with
      sutures compared with five in 38 patients (13%) with stapled skin closure (p =
      0.082). In an experimental guinea pig model dual incisions were infected with
      Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli. One incision was then closed with
      staples, the other with sutures. There was a statistically significant (p =
      0.016) advantage to the use of staplers. The possible significance of these
      results is discussed.

PMID- 3892746
TI  - Which cephalosporin for wound prophylaxis? An experimental comparison of three
      drugs.
AB  - An experimental wound model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of cefazolin,
      cefamandole, and cefotaxime in the prevention of wound infection. Incisions were
      contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, or a standardized
      fecal suspension. Regardless of the contaminant employed, the prophylactic use of
      either cefazolin, cefamandole, or cefotaxime yielded lower concentrations of
      bacteria in the wounds and fewer infections compared with treatment with saline
      solution. Within the context of this experimental model, cefazolin proved equally
      as effective as the newer and more expensive cephalosporins, cefamandole and
      cefotaxime.

PMID- 3892747
TI  - De novo hemolytic uremic syndrome in renal transplant recipients immunosuppressed
      with cyclosporine.
AB  - Three renal transplant recipients were studied who developed the hemolytic uremic
      syndrome (HUS) during cyclosporine (CsA) immunosuppression. All patients
      displayed characteristic findings including normocytic, normochromic anemia,
      thrombocytopenia, erythrocyte morphologic abnormalities, increased numbers of
      reticulocytes, bone marrow hyperplasia, and renal failure. The clinical studies
      support the diagnosis of an extrinsic hemolytic process. Renal biopsy specimens
      demonstrated fibrin deposition and glomerular thrombosis. The renal failure was
      not responsive to antirejection therapy. The first patient was converted to
      azathioprine and consequently had a gradual improvement in renal function.
      Failure to convert the second patient resulted in adequate immunosuppression and
      subsequent graft loss. The third patient's improvement corresponded with a
      moderate CsA dose reduction. The occurrence of HUS in these patients represents a
      de novo presentation after CsA immunosuppression. An analysis of these cases
      indicates that CsA should be discontinued if HUS persists after moderate dose
      reduction.

PMID- 3892748
TI  - Abdominal aortic aneurysms infected by Escherichia coli.
AB  - Three cases of atherosclerotic abdominal aneurysms infected by Escherichia coli
      urinary tract sepsis are presented together with a review of four additional
      cases of E. coli-infected aneurysms. Pathophysiology and a current system of
      classification of aortic infection are discussed. Important clinical features of
      gram-negative aortic infection include a diagnostic triad and the tendency to
      early rupture. Resection of infected tissue and extra-anatomic bypass for
      revascularization are the cornerstones of operative management. The mortality
      rate of E. coli aortic infection is high, with one known survivor. Death is
      contributed to by the high frequency of preoperative rupture, the age of the
      patient, and the extent of atherosclerotic disease.

PMID- 3892749
TI  - Fluoride supplemented and non gamma 2 amalgam. A comparative clinical study into
      the primary and permanent dentition in children.
AB  - The purpose of the present study has been to test and compare the clinical
      performance of two dental analgams, a non gamma 2 amalgam (Amalcap) and a
      fluoride supplemented amalgam (Yata) containing 0,5% fluoride as stannous
      fluoride. During a period of almost one year, 196 fillings were made on
      contralateral cavities in primary as well as permanent teeth. The patients, all
      school children, received on the same occasion, randomly in one side of the mouth
      the F-supplemented amalgam and, in the corresponding contralateral tooth surface,
      the non gamma 2 amalgam. After four years of observation, no significant
      differences were found between the two tested amalgams concerning their clinical
      qualities such as corrosion, tooth colouration, filling edges, over- and
      underfilling, isthmus fractures or secondary caries. However, the low number of
      secondary caries occurring during the test period (2-3%) did not permit any
      conclusion about the preventive effect of the F-supplemented amalgam against
      secondary caries to be drawn. Further clinical studies, therefore, will show if
      fluoride supplemented amalgam is a really effective way to prevent secondary
      caries. Many categories of patients with extremely long intervals between dental
      treatments i e military and fleet personnel, certain foreign personnel, some
      handicapped groups and specific risk ages, as well as other specific intra-oral
      situations should benefit from filling therapy with fluoride supplemented
      amalgam. Such studies should be undertaken in order to evaluate the preventive
      clinical effect from fluoride supplemented amalgams.

PMID- 3892750
TI  - [Improved nursing care with ADP?].

PMID- 3892751
TI  - [Ehlers-Danlos syndrome].

PMID- 3892752
TI  - [Fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products in the diagnosis of pulmonary
      thromboembolism].

PMID- 3892753
TI  - [Iustin Evdokimovich Diad'kovskii (on the 200th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 3892754
TI  - [Rare heart diseases and their place among the cardiomyopathies].

PMID- 3892755
TI  - [The origin of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].
AB  - The author describes the clinical cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (CMP). The
      development of obstructive CMP in a patient with hyperparathyroidism indicates a
      possible pathogenetic role of endocrine factors and calcium metabolism
      abnormalities. The familial character of the disease and its combination with
      hereditary diseases (familial microspherocytosis) point to the significance of
      genetic factors. In addition, marked hypertrophy of the myocardium (without
      dilatation) including hypertrophy with obstruction of the outflow tract of the
      left ventricle was observed in nonspecific protracted myocarditis, alcoholic
      injury to the heart, in athletes, in coronary heart disease (after survival of
      myocardial infarction). It is suggested that hypertrophic CMP (similarly to
      restrictive and congestive CMP) is most likely a syndrome of varying origin.

PMID- 3892756
TI  - External examination of limb positions in near-term mouse fetuses: an
      experimental study and review of the literature published in Teratology.
AB  - The accidental finding of near-term mouse fetuses exhibiting limb positions that
      could have been interpreted as malformations but that were, in fact, spurious,
      led us to study the posture of the limbs in the offspring of 100 CD-1 mouse dams.
      A total of 1,015 fetuses (18 days-old, vaginal plug: day 0), was examined.
      Fifteen of these fetuses presented positions that deviated markedly from the norm
      and were therefore considered to be "unusual," although the usual position was
      recovered in 6 of the 15 by placing the affected limb in a standard position and
      eventually eliciting locomotion. A broad review of the literature was made in
      order to evaluate our results fully. This review included 43 reports published in
      Teratology that recorded abnormal limb positions in near-term mouse and rat
      fetuses, and another 9 reports where these were not referred to but that included
      photographs showing such abnormalities. The data obtained from our experimental
      study and review led us to conclude that for a correct record of abnormal
      positions in near-term mouse and rat fetuses, authors must follow appropriate,
      clearly described technical procedures, including maneuvers to rule out spurious
      displacements; give adequate information in the legends of the photographs; use
      unequivocal terminology; and carry out further research to determine accurately
      the range in variation of normal limb positions.

PMID- 3892757
TI  - Comments on "Teratogen update:bendectin".

PMID- 3892758
TI  - CT scan-directed stereotactic neurosurgery.

PMID- 3892759
TI  - Early antenatal diagnosis and natural progression of untreated posterior urethral
      valve syndrome.

PMID- 3892760
TI  - Fibrinogen synthesis by megakaryocyte rich human marrow cell concentrates.
AB  - A rapid method is described for the production of a human marrow cell suspension
      highly enriched in megakaryocytes. These concentrates were incubated with
      radiolabelled amino-acids, and cell lysates were then analysed for fibrinogen
      synthesis. Neosynthesized proteins were detected by immunoprecipitation, immuno
      affinity chromatography and electrophoresis. Fluorography of the electrophoresis
      gels showed three radioactive bands corresponding to the three chains of cold
      fibrinogen. Immunoblotting and autoradiography of bidimensional, nonreduced
      reduced electrophoresis gels showed that these three proteins were joined by
      disulfide bonds in the cell. These results suggest that megakaryocytes synthesize
      fibrinogen, and imply that platelet fibrinogen is of megakaryocytic origin.

PMID- 3892761
TI  - Alterations of blood platelet function induced by neutral proteases from human
      leukocytes.
AB  - Washed human platelets are damaged by two neutral proteases from human leukocytes
      (elastase-like protease, ELP and chymotrypsin-like protease, CLP). The damage is
      manifested as inhibited aggregation by ristocetin and collagen, and enhanced
      aggregation by ADP in the presence of fibrinogen. Similarly to alpha-chymotrypsin
      (alpha-CT), CLP also increases binding of 125I-fibrinogen to platelets and
      renders platelets aggregable by human fibrinogen. ELP is less effective in this
      respect possibly due to damage to platelet receptors for fibrinogen. In the
      plasma medium platelets are not sensitive to leukocytic proteases added at
      concentrations that provoke some prolongation of the time of plasma clotting by
      thrombin.

PMID- 3892762
TI  - Dentistry's Olympic Hall of Fame. 1. An Olympian remembers.

PMID- 3892763
TI  - [Postoperative control of patients operated on for colonic cancer. A comparative
      study of coloscopy and double contrast radiography].

PMID- 3892764
TI  - [Naproxen in acute musculoskeletal injuries. A double-blind placebo controlled
      study].

PMID- 3892765
TI  - [Giant cell tumors. A review the literature].

PMID- 3892766
TI  - [Traumatic pancreatic pseudocyst in children. Treatment with ultrasonic
      aspiration].

PMID- 3892767
TI  - [Severe aplastic anemia in adults. Therapeutic progress].

PMID- 3892768
TI  - [Diagnosis of genital herpes].

PMID- 3892769
TI  - [Fetal weight estimation by ultrasonics. Evaluation of 2 methods].

PMID- 3892770
TI  - [Piroxicam (Felden) in acute soft tissue injuries. A multicenter, double-blind,
      randomized study].

PMID- 3892771
TI  - [Acetazolamide in new formulation forms. A randomized cross-over comparison of
      Glaupax retard capsules and Diamox Sustex].

PMID- 3892772
TI  - [Quality of the colostrum in relation to neonatal diarrhea due to
      enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in calves].
AB  - Of 107 calves studied, forty-one animals (38 per cent) showed diarrhoea during
      the first week of life of life; only one of the forty-one calves showing
      diarrhoea died. E. coli K99+ was isolated from twelve calves. Serological studies
      showed that the concentrations of IgG1 and IgG2 on the first and second days of
      life were almost equally high in calves with and those without diarrhoea. The
      differences were more marked as regards the concentrations of IgA and IgM. The Ig
      fractions of the colostrum immediately after parturition (t = 0), which was
      supplied to the calves (later, with and without diarrhoea) did not differ; the
      concentrations of IgG1 and IgM in the colostrum within 24 hours after parturition
      were significantly lower in those dams, the calves of which subsequently showed
      diarrhoea. The above results are discussed in greater detail in the comment.

PMID- 3892773
TI  - [Surgical treatment of injuries and positional changes in the vulvoperineal
      region of cows].
AB  - Following a presentation of the various perineal lacerations and the positional
      changes which occur in the perivulvar area, the surgical correction of these
      lesions is discussed. Supplementary remarks to the usual surgical methods are
      made. Among others, a modified suture technique for correcting the combined
      laceration of Perineum-Ampulla recti-areal (third degree perineal laceration) and
      a modification of the method for correcting pneumovagina are described.

PMID- 3892774
TI  - [Babesia infections in horses, cattle and dogs in southern Germany].
AB  - Babesia infections serologically diagnosed in horses, cattle and dogs in Southern
      Germany during the last few years are described. 321 sera of horses were examined
      for specific antibodies to Babesia by means of CFT and IIF in 1984; 18 sera
      reacted to Babesia equi and 4 to Babesia caballi antigen. In a cattle breeding
      area in the Western Allgau 13% of 1616 cattle reacted positive to Babesia
      divergens antigen using IIF and ELISA; during the grazing season 1982 new latent
      infections were observed in 25 of 266 calves and heifers. Cases of introduced
      canine babesiosis are more frequent; 10 of 34 sera of dogs in 1983 and 34 of 75
      sera in 1984 had specific positive reactions to Babesia canis by means of IIF.

PMID- 3892775
TI  - Strategic financial planning for ambulatory care services.

PMID- 3892776
TI  - Strategic program planning.

PMID- 3892777
TI  - A fluorescent antibody staining technique to detect bacterial adherence to
      urinary tract epithelial cells.
AB  - A fluorescent antibody technique has been devised to assess specifically the
      adherence of Escherichia coli in vitro to uroepithelial cells from healthy women
      and bacterial adherence in vivo to cells from women with symptomatic urinary
      tract infection. Similar values can be obtained using methylene blue as the
      bacterial stain, but this depends on the experience of the observer. The results
      indicate that E. coli adherence to uroepithelial cells is a factor in the
      infection process. We suggest that uroepithelial cells from patients with
      symptoms of a urinary tract infection whose urine has a low bacterial count (less
      than 10(3) cells/ml) could be examined for the presence of adherent uropathogens,
      which may be indicative of an infection. Although the fluorescent staining
      technique possibly would be expensive, the results would be specific and
      reliable. Other diagnostic and research applications suggest themselves as in
      studies of bacterial colonization of mucosal tissues or plastic catheters, where
      conventional light microscopy and radiolabelling methods are not effective.

PMID- 3892778
TI  - [Cisplatin and radiotherapy].
AB  - The cytotoxic action of ionizing radiation can be increased by cis-platinum
      (CDDP) and its derivates. This effect is due to interactions in the cellular
      desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and it is especially marked in a hypoxic medium. A
      synergistic and an additive summation can be discerned depending on the type and
      dosage of the applied substance and the temporal relation between its application
      and irradiation. The radiosensitization of DNA before radiotherapy (RT) and the
      restriction of recovery processes after RT are considered as main mechanisms of
      this effect. A therapeutic potentialization of CDDP and RT could be demonstrated
      in a series of experimentations on animals. E.G. a therapeutic gain factor of
      1.7, related to the sound surrounding tissue, was found out for the C3H mammary
      carcinoma during a series of in-vivo experimentations on mice. The applicability
      of a simultaneous treatment with CDDP and RT of human tumors depends on the
      systemic and local side effects of such a therapy. The results achieved hitherto
      in clinical pilot studies on advanced solid tumors situated above all in the head
      and neck area are at least equivalent to those of a sequential induction
      chemotherapy and subsequent definitive radiotherapy. They can possibly be
      improved by a further optimization of the temporal application and dosage of
      CDDP, but also by using other platinum derivates. It is not yet possible to
      describe any undesired long-term effects. However, the side effects observed
      hitherto in the irradiated areas are apparently of minor clinical importance.

PMID- 3892779
TI  - Modulation of polymorphonucleate-mediated cytotoxicity against Candida albicans
      by thymosin alpha 1.
AB  - In the present work we analyze the effects of thymosin alpha 1 treatment on the
      number and the candidacidal activity of murine polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The
      data we obtained showed that the treatment with thymosin alpha 1 (100
      micrograms/Kg s.c.) 10, 8, 6, 4 and 2 days before the assay may result in a
      significant numerical augmentation of circulating polymorphonucleates in the
      peripheral blood, as well as of their candidacidal activity when measured in
      vitro in both a 4-h cytotoxicity assay and a CFU inhibition assay against Candida
      albicans microorganisms. On the other hand, a single dose of thymosin alpha 1
      (500 micrograms/Kg s.c.) 3 days before the assay resulted in a significant
      decrease of the candidacidal activity of mouse polymorphonucleates. The data are
      discussed with regard to the immunomodulating capacity of thymosin alpha 1 and to
      our previously reported observations concerning the ability of the drug to
      modulate the resistance against systemic Candida albicans infection.

PMID- 3892780
TI  - Anterior segment trauma: current concepts.

PMID- 3892781
TI  - Recent advances in experimental motion sickness.

PMID- 3892782
TI  - The complex psychology of C. G. Jung.

PMID- 3892783
TI  - R. Tait McKenzie--athlete--physical educator--artist.

PMID- 3892784
TI  - Cushing and Osler: the evolution of a friendship.

PMID- 3892785
TI  - The importance of lymphocyte migration patterns in experimental organ
      transplantation.

PMID- 3892786
TI  - Recurrent membranous glomerulonephritis in two renal transplants.

PMID- 3892787
TI  - The diaphragmatic vena cava cuff in hepatic transplantation.

PMID- 3892788
TI  - Sensitization of rats for rejection of heart allografts by heterotopic auxiliary
      liver grafting or administration of liver cell suspensions.

PMID- 3892789
TI  - Impact of the timing of antigen administration on synergistic immunosuppression
      with cyclosporine.

PMID- 3892790
TI  - The effect of peripheral blood components on allograft survival.

PMID- 3892791
TI  - Characterization of host lymphoid cells in antibody-facilitated bone marrow
      chimeras.
AB  - We have produced stable murine antibody-facilitated (AF) chimeras by the
      simultaneous injection of P1 bone marrow cells and anti-P2 monoclonal antibody
      into normal (unirradiated) adult (P1 X P2)F1 recipients. These AF chimeras are
      healthy, long-lived, and exhibit no overt signs of graft-versus-host disease.
      They are immunocompetent and tolerant of host, P2-encoded alloantigens. Donor
      cell engraftment and takeover, monitored by glucosephosphate isomerase isozyme
      patterns, is usually complete (greater than 95%) in the peripheral blood, bone
      marrow, and hemopoietic stem cell compartments of long-term (greater than 3
      months posttransplantation) AF chimeras. We report here, however, that splenic,
      lymph node, and thymic leukocytes of AF chimeras represent donor/host chimeric
      populations. Spleen cell populations of AF chimeras exhibit substantial chimera
      to-chimera variation in the preponderant residual host cell type(s) present. Our
      interpretations of the implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 3892792
TI  - Intraorgan pressure changes in rejecting kidney, liver, and heart transplants in
      the rat.
AB  - Intraorgan pressure was measured in DA kidneys, livers, and hearts after
      transplantation into Lewis rats. Recordings were obtained by passing a fine
      needle into the graft and measuring the resistance to the flow of saline. Rats
      with organ isografts (Lewis-to-Lewis) were used as controls, and a further
      control group comprised Lewis rats that had undergone left ureteric ligation.
      Following transplantation a rise in pressure was recorded from some of the
      isografts, it returned to base line levels by the second or third day. Similar
      changes were observed in the organ allografts, except that a second, much greater
      (P less than .05) rise soon followed. This was observed from day 3 onward in the
      case of the kidney and liver transplants, and from day 4 in the cardiac
      transplants. Control experiments showed that ligation of the ureter (as performed
      in all the kidney transplants) did not influence intrarenal pressure. It is
      concluded that a rise in intraorgan pressure is an early feature of rejection,
      and that pressure monitoring might be useful in patients with cardiac or liver
      transplants--in addition to those with kidney transplants in whom the test has
      been shown to be of value.

PMID- 3892793
TI  - Lung allograft rejection in the rat. I. Accelerated rejection caused by graft
      lymphocytes.
AB  - To find out to what extent rejection of lungs differs from that of other organs,
      functional rejection of lung allografts was studied in five combinations of
      inbred rat strains. Rejection could be monitored accurately by perfusion
      scintigraphy, and equally well by chest roentgenography. The rejection of lung
      grafts was found to proceed remarkably fast, when compared with heart grafts, in
      combinations with strong RT1-incompatibilities. This accelerated rejection
      pattern could be converted into rejection at a normal pace by pretreatment of the
      donor with 10 Gy roentgen irradiation one day before transplantation. Donor
      pretreatment depleted the lung graft's bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)
      of lymphocytes. When grafts were depleted of all other passenger cells as well-
      by retransplantation from a cyclosporine-treated intermediate host--they showed
      an even more reduced immunogenicity, probably because of the loss of donor-type
      dendritic cells. These results indicate that lymphocytes from the BALT of lung
      grafts are capable of accelerating the rejection response.

PMID- 3892794
TI  - Treatment of renal transplant rejection episodes in patients receiving prednisone
      and azathioprine. A cost-effective approach.
AB  - Antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) has been advocated for the treatment of renal
      transplant rejection episodes in patients maintained on prednisone and
      azathioprine. Treatment with steroids (outpatient) is considerably less expensive
      than with ALG (inpatient), so we studied whether routine ALG was necessary.
      Between 3/82 and 11/83, 54 cadaver transplant recipients maintained on prednisone
      and azathioprine who developed a first rejection episode were randomized to
      receive--for treatment of their first, and if necessary second, rejection-
      methylprednisolone (MP) plus ALG (n = 24), or MP alone, with ALG added if
      treatment failed (n = 30). Treatment failure was defined as continuing
      deterioration on T131 iodohippuran scan, rising serum creatinine level, or lack
      of improvement within 7 days. There was no significant difference in patient
      survival, graft survival, mean number of rejections, and infection rate between
      the two groups: 60% (18/30) of first and 50% (10/10) of second rejection episodes
      responded to MP alone. We conclude that patients are not penalized by initial
      rejection treatment with MP. Many rejection episodes respond to steroids alone;
      elimination of routine ALG use will save hospitalization time and expense.

PMID- 3892795
TI  - Death by graft-versus-host disease associated with HLA mismatch, high recipient
      age, low marrow cell dose, and splenectomy.
AB  - In 65 recipients of marrow from HLA-identical siblings, the death rate from graft
      versus-host disease (GVHD) at 1 year was 13%, which was significantly less when
      compared with 50% among 10 recipients of marrow from HLA-non-identical donors (P
      less than 0.001 log-rank test). Among recipients of HLA-matched marrow the
      following was found: patients below 17 years of age had a death rate from GVHD of
      4% compared with 32% in elder patients (P less than 0.01). In patients who
      received greater than or equal to 3 X 10(8) marrow cells/kg 3% died of GVHD
      compared with 31% in those receiving fewer marrow cells (P less than 0.02).
      Furthermore, death by GVHD was 11% among nonsplenectomized patients compared with
      60% in splenectomized patients (P less than 0.001). Among all children, and among
      nonsplenectomized patients, those receiving less than 3 X 10(8) marrow cells/kg
      had a significantly increased death rate by GVHD. The number of T cells or T cell
      subsets in the marrow graft was not correlated with GVHD or death by GVHD.

PMID- 3892796
TI  - Inhibition of human in vivo cytotoxic T lymphocyte generation by cyclosporine
      following organ transplantation.
AB  - The effect of cyclosporine (CsA) on the in vivo cell-mediated immune response to
      donor antigens was examined sequentially following cadaveric renal
      transplantation in both immunologically naive and specifically sensitized
      allograft recipients. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) exhibiting preferential
      specificity for donor antigens were detected in the peripheral blood of all
      patients receiving azathioprine (AZA) immunosuppression by two weeks
      posttransplant, disappearing progressively over the first three months with
      clinical quiescence. In contrast, the generation of donor-reactive CTL was
      significantly diminished in incidence (P = 0.05) and in magnitude (P = 0.004) in
      subjects receiving CsA. CTL were detected in only 36% of patients by two weeks
      posttransplant, and were not detectable in any CsA-treated patient after the
      sixth posttransplant week. The ability of CsA to inhibit clonal reexpansion of
      CTL was examined both in vitro and in vivo in subjects exhibiting prior
      sensitization to donor antigens. In vitro, CsA caused a dose-dependent inhibition
      of accelerated (72-hr MLC) CTL generation following restimulation with donor
      spleen cells, which was quantitatively identical to that in parallel cultures
      using responder PBL from non-sensitized individuals. In vivo, CsA produced a
      rapid disappearance of circulating CTL posttransplant in patients who exhibited
      specific cell-mediated sensitization to the graft donor, as evidenced by the
      presence of circulating donor-reactive CTL prior to transplantation. In contrast,
      in patients receiving AZA there was a rapid increase in donor-reactive CTL in the
      peripheral blood following transplantation. CTL persisted for six weeks or
      longer, and two of four patients lost the graft to irreversible acute rejection
      within the first four weeks.

PMID- 3892797
TI  - Comparative immunohistologic studies in an adoptive transfer model of acute rat
      cardiac allograft rejection.
AB  - It has been shown that fulminant acute rejection of rat cardiac allografts across
      a full haplotype disparity may occur as a direct result of adoptive transfer of
      sensitized W3/25+ MRC OX8- SIg- T helper/DTH syngeneic spleen cells to
      sublethally irradiated recipients. In order to establish the immunohistologic
      parameters of this form of rejection, allografts and recipient lymphoid tissue
      were analyzed using a panel of monoclonal antibodies of known cellular
      distribution. These data were compared with those obtained following
      reconstitution of irradiated allograft recipients with unseparated sensitized
      spleen cells, with unreconstituted irradiated donor recipient pairs, with
      unmodified first-set rejection, and with induced myocardial infarction of
      syngeneic heart grafts transplanted to normal and to sublethally irradiated
      recipients. Rejecting cardiac allografts transplanted to all reconstituted
      irradiated recipients were characterized by extensive infiltration with MRC OX8+
      (T cytotoxic-suppressor, natural killer) cells even when this subset was
      virtually excluded from the reconstituting inocula. A similar proportional
      accumulation of MRC OX8+ cells observed at the infarct margins of syngeneic heart
      grafts transplanted to irradiated unreconstituted recipients greatly exceeded
      that present in normal nonirradiated controls. These data provide evidence that
      under conditions of heavy recipient irradiation, MRC OX8+ cells may be
      sequestered within heart grafts in response to nonspecific injury unrelated to
      the rejection process. Although there was no significant degree of MRC OX8+
      cellular repopulation within organized secondary lymphoid tissues of irradiated
      animals over the study period, the density of ileal mucosal MRC OX8+ lymphocytes
      approximated normal at 7 days post-irradiation, raising the possibility that
      these cells could share a common origin with those sequestered within the heart
      grafts. Carbon+ MRC OX6+ macrophages were a significant component of the
      infiltrate in all rejecting cardiac allografts, as well as in all infarcted
      syngeneic heart grafts--providing further evidence that macrophage "activation"
      with expression of class II determinants may occur in response to nonspecific
      injury. In unmodified first-set rejection there was an intense B cell reaction in
      recipient spleens and lymph nodes. In the adoptive transfer model, marked B cell
      expansion was exclusively confined to the parathymic lymph nodes of irradiated
      allograft recipients reconstituted with the sensitized W3/25+, MRC OX8-, SIg- T
      helper/DTH donor cell inocula.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3892798
TI  - [A hospital epidemic of Salmonella enteritidis with more than 170 cases].

PMID- 3892800
TI  - [Medical correspondence columns].

PMID- 3892799
TI  - [Reversible renal failure due to captopril in a patient with renal artery
      stenosis in a solitary functioning kidney].

PMID- 3892801
TI  - [Splinting of Colles' fracture. Dynamic splint in supination compared with
      conventional dorsal plaster splint].

PMID- 3892802
TI  - Ultrasonics International 85. London, 2-4 July 1985. Abstracts of main session
      papers.

PMID- 3892803
TI  - Transducers in medical ultrasound: Part One. Ferro-electric ceramics versus
      polymer piezoelectric materials.
AB  - A wide variety of transducer shapes and applications exists in the field of
      diagnostic ultrasound. As a basic material ferro-electric ceramics are used
      almost exclusively, but polymer piezoelectric material seems a new alternative.
      By comparing in a qualitative way the most relevant parameters of these
      materials, a state of the art judgement may be made about their applicability in
      diagnostic ultrasound.

PMID- 3892804
TI  - Transducers in medical ultrasound: Part Two. Vibration modes, matching layers and
      grating lobes.
AB  - The performance of transducers used for medical diagnosis depends to a great
      extent on matching layer, backing impedance and geometry of the active surface.
      In this paper special attention is given to the element vibrational modes, the
      optimum matching, the grating lobe and change of the real acoustic impedance into
      an imaginary impedance as a function of the product of the width and wavelength.
      Grating lobes on the echo image and the effect of a mismatch of the matching
      layer are illustrated. Suggestions are made for the design of linear and phased
      array transducers considering the above-mentioned aspects.

PMID- 3892805
TI  - Development of ultrasonic investigations in medicine and biology in the U.S.S.R.
AB  - Ultrasonic research in biology and medicine, both fundamental and applied, has
      become so vast in scope, that a mere listing of specific subject-areas would take
      up too much space. This article is intended to give an overview of Soviet
      scientists' contribution to the field, with the emphasis on the most important
      and promising subject-areas which are now given priority in the U.S.S.R. Among
      specific subject-areas in ultrasonics are the studies of the biological action of
      ultrasound and ultrasonic safety in medicine, the effect of focused ultrasound,
      acoustic spectroscopy of solutions of biological media and acoustic specification
      of biological objects, acoustic visualization and microscopy and clinical
      ultrasonics.

PMID- 3892806
TI  - Estimation of varying ultrasonic attenuation.
AB  - This paper aims to investigate a method of estimating the attenuation and its
      variation. It is treated as an estimation problem by using modelling techniques
      known from communication theory. The model includes magnitude and position of
      specular echoes, a random description of echoes from diffuse reflectors, and a
      parametric characterization of attenuation. By processing the observed signal
      only in the time domain, low complexity calculation algorithms are achieved.
      Results obtained using simulated data indicate that the method works well on both
      broad-band and narrow-band signals.

PMID- 3892807
TI  - Present and future role of ultrasonography in routine eye and orbit examination-
      an introduction.

PMID- 3892808
TI  - Echo reference standards in ophthalmic ultrasonography.
AB  - The use of different echo standards in ophthalmic ultrasonography is discussed.
      The acoustical properties of the W38 Hema reflector made out of soft corneal
      contact lens material are determined and verified in several independent
      measurements. It is shown that this material meets the requirements for plane
      echo interfaces which are mandatory for reflectors considered to serve as echo
      standards. A conversion diagram is given for echo references presently used in
      ophthalmic ultrasonography. Finally, an example for an application of the W38
      reflector in performance control and calibration measurements on ultrasonic
      instruments is presented.

PMID- 3892809
TI  - Acoustic parameters of ocular tissues.
AB  - The sound velocity and the impedance of animal eyes and human eyes are measured
      by high frequency RF echograms (10 MHz) using a digital computer. The results are
      compared to literature data from 1955 to 1965, which were obtained with
      completely different techniques. The pig's eye appears to be a good animal model
      for the human eye in ultrasonic experiments. The reflectivity levels predicted
      from the impedance values correspond to known relative reflectivity levels
      obtained in clinical routine.

PMID- 3892810
TI  - Differential diagnosis of intraocular neoplasms with ultrasonography.
AB  - In the past five years A- and B-mode echography were used in the differential
      diagnosis of intraocular tumours (174 patients) and numerous cases with mimicking
      lesions. By using the 7200 A-scan equipment and distinct investigation techniques
      and giving attention to all aspects (quantitative, kinetic, and topographic) of
      the obtained echogram, the detection of the tumours involved in this study
      (choroidal melanoma, choroidal hemangioma, choroidal metastases, and
      retinoblastoma), is almost 99%. The accuracy in the differentiation of these
      tumours appears to be over 90%. Most of the false positives occur in the
      differentiation between choroidal melanomas and choroidal metastases.

PMID- 3892811
TI  - Contribution of echography to the diagnosis of retinoblastoma: a homogeneous B
      scan study.
AB  - This paper concerns the echographic study of 38 pathological eyes suspected to be
      retinoblastoma cases examined between 1980 and 1983. It was a homogeneous study
      carried out with the same machine (Biophysic Medical's Triscan) and the same
      operator. No error of diagnosis was made on the 25 eyes considered to be cases of
      retinoblastoma. Two doubtful cases turned out to be pseudogliomas and in eleven
      cases the diagnosis of pseudoglioma given by the echography examination turned
      out to be correct. This study helps to demonstrate the importance of echography
      in the diagnosis of retinoblastoma and in the differential diagnosis between
      retinoblastoma and pseudoglioma.

PMID- 3892812
TI  - Electronically-scanned ophthalmic ultrasound.
AB  - A linear-array ultrasonic system has been developed for ophthalmic application.
      The clinical apparatus gives real-time digital imaging at higher speeds and
      sensitivity compared to contemporary mechanically-scanned single transducer
      equipment. The linear-array system is electronically scanned to produce 60 images
      s-1 with 64 gray-tone levels. The 256 X 580 pixel B-mode image is presented
      simultaneously with an A-mode display on a television monitor. Fast-frame imaging
      at high sensitivity has special advantages in ophthalmic differential diagnosis
      enabling a more comprehensive evaluation of retinal, vitreous and orbital
      pathology. Imaging of fine blood vessels has improved ultrasonic diagnosis of
      ocular neoplasms and inflammatory conditions. Clinical advantages of this
      apparatus and special technical specifications are discussed in this report.

PMID- 3892813
TI  - "Real-time" immersion B-scan and C-scan techniques in ophthalmic diagnosis.
AB  - The advent of new techniques in vitreous surgery has added an impetus to improve
      ultrasonic examination of the vitreous cavity. Rapid B-scanning is vital in the
      diagnosis of vitreo-retinal pathology when opacity prevents biomicroscopical
      examination. Serial B- and C-scan sectioning have also proved essential in the
      study of tumours. The C-scan is of particular value in the study of traction
      retinal detachments and tumours.

PMID- 3892814
TI  - The suitability of tissue mimicking phantoms for equipment calibration.

PMID- 3892815
TI  - Bibliography of biomedical ultrasound. No. 46.

PMID- 3892816
TI  - Changes in venous flow and intra tracheal flow in fetal breathing movements.
AB  - Using pulsed Doppler ultrasound combined with a real-time B-mode image, changes
      in the central venous blood flow and tracheal fluid flow were recognized during
      fetal breathing movements. The blood flow in the umbilical vein was increased
      with fetal inspiration in which the abdominal wall of fetus moved inward, and
      decreased with expiration in which the abdominal wall moved outward. Velocity in
      the fetal vena cava revealed a complex blood flow, in accordance with both fetal
      cardiac motions and breathing movements. The tracheal flow velocity during fetal
      breathing was measured at a maximum of 40 cm s-1 and the flow volume was
      estimated at a maximum of 6 ml breath-1 in the matured fetus.

PMID- 3892817
TI  - Transcutaneous detection of relative changes in artery diameter.
AB  - The extent of the excursions of the arterial walls during the cardiac cycle
      depends on both the compliance of the vessel wall and the local pressure
      fluctuations. Simultaneous assessment of the relative change in artery diameter
      in combination with the velocity distribution along the vessel cross section can
      reveal the cause of loss of distensibility. As will be demonstrated, a multigate
      pulsed Doppler system with a high spatial resolution can perform simultaneously
      both functions. The relative change in diameter during the cardiac cycle is
      obtained by taking the ratio of the distension and the diameter of the artery as
      observed along the ultrasound beam. It can be shown that this ratio will be angle
      independent. Statistical and experimental evaluations demonstrate that the system
      allows the assessment of the relative change in diameter of major peripheral
      arteries as a continuous function of time with an accuracy of about 0.5%.

PMID- 3892818
TI  - An endoscopic Doppler probe for assessing intestinal vasculature.
AB  - Flexible fiberoptic endoscopes permit the physician to inspect the mucosal
      surface of the upper gastrointestinal tract and colon. However, this visual
      inspection provides little information about the underlying vascular supply to
      the intestinal wall. We tested the hypothesis that a Doppler probe could be
      constructed small enough to pass through the biopsy channel of a fiber endoscope
      and be used with it while performing endoscopy. The purpose would be to determine
      the location of patent arteries or veins, determine the magnitude and waveforms
      of the velocity in them, and estimate their contribution or potential
      contribution to intestinal bleeding. For this purpose, a miniature catheter probe
      (1.8 mm O.D. and 2 m in length) and an electronic range limited pulsed Doppler
      unit were developed. This probe and unit were studied in a series of 13 dogs to
      determine efficacy of detecting arterial and venous flow and to test the safety
      of the device. The duodenum was surgically exposed and opened in the region of
      the common bile duct (CBD). Arteries and veins surrounding the CBD were studied.
      Particular attention was directed to arterial structures which clinically pose a
      risk of bleeding when performing endoscopic papillotomy, a therapeutic technique
      in which the papilla of Vater is cut to release bile duct stones. The results of
      the study revealed that the probe could indeed detect arterial and venous
      structures accurately. There was no evidence that the probe produced any injury
      to the common bile duct or pancreas by histological or serum amylase studies and
      the device was determined safe and suitable for clinical evaluation.

PMID- 3892819
TI  - The time-distance recorder as a means of improving the accuracy of fetal blood
      flow measurements.
AB  - The influence of pulsatile diameter changes on calculation of volume flow has
      been studied. In vitro studies and an animal study were carried out with a real
      time imaging and pulsed Doppler velocity measurement system. For precise
      pulsatile diameter information a wall motion tracking device was incorporated.
      Whereas in vitro a high degree of accuracy was found for the measurements of
      volume flow, this could not be substantiated in the descending aorta of the fetal
      lamb, in which Doppler volume flow differed between -7.5 and 17% from magnetic
      volume flow. In a clinical study the relative influence of various diameter
      approximations on calculated fetal aortic volume flow was assessed in 16 normal
      third trimester pregnancies. Depending on the selected diameter approximation
      method it appeared that differences from 19% underestimation to 9% overestimation
      in calculated volume flow could be obtained when reference was made to volume
      flow derived from diameter and velocity information.

PMID- 3892820
TI  - Possible applications of digital analysis of ultrasonic images of the placenta.
AB  - Analysis of the digitised ultrasonic images of in vivo placentae at 15-18 weeks
      gestation has revealed various textural differences. These have been correlated
      with smoking, visual appearance and the subsequent development of hypertension.
      The total number of patients included in this study was 98, of which 70 had
      images suitable for analysis. There were no significant textural differences
      between the images of the placentae of smokers and non-smokers nor did the
      spatially dependent co-occurrence matrices correlate with visual appearance.
      Textural differences were however detected when the placentae of the normotensive
      group were compared to those of patients who subsequently developed hypertension
      (latent hypertension) in the third trimester of pregnancy (p less than 0.05 Mann
      Whitney 'U' test).

PMID- 3892821
TI  - Artifactual echoes in B-mode images due to multiple scattering.
AB  - In B-mode images, echoes, which appear to arise from inherently anechoic regions
      due to scattering from neighbouring echogenic regions, can be considered
      artifactual. We have observed multiple scatter contributions to such artifactual
      echoes in images of plane boundaries between random scattering phantoms and
      anechoic regions. For the strongest scattering phantom studied, multiple scatter
      echoes were 3-9% of the average phantom signal using two sharply focused
      transducers, an annular array in pulse echo mode, and an annular array/cone
      hybrid. Multiple scatter was less than 5% for a conventional transducer. Echo
      amplitudes were also measured in normal excised human liver and breast tissue. It
      was estimated that artifactual echoes due to multiple scatter would be negligible
      in B-mode images of liver. However, for breast imaging, the level of artifactual
      echoes was estimated to be similar to that found for our strongest scattering
      phantom.

PMID- 3892822
TI  - [Nephromegaly in children: a problem of size].

PMID- 3892823
TI  - [Clinical roles of hepatobiliary scintigraphy using iminodiacetic acid
      derivatives labelled with technetium 99m].

PMID- 3892824
TI  - Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland. Review of diagnostic problems and surgical
      intervention.
AB  - Myelolipoma is a benign, rare, and hormone-inactive tumor of the adrenal gland.
      Its characteristic appearance on sonography and computed tomography enables
      preoperative diagnosis with a high degree of safety and accuracy. Symptomatic or
      large tumors have to be removed since there is a high risk of spontaneous
      hemorrhage. Common findings in patients with myelolipoma are reviewed, especially
      in those with surgically removed tumors.

PMID- 3892825
TI  - [Antireflux-plasty in neurogenic bladder-emptying disorders].
AB  - 14 patients (20 ureter units) with neurogenic bladder and reflux in the upper
      urinary tract were treated with antireflux procedures. In general,
      ureterocystoneostomies according to the method of Cohen, 2 to that of leadbetter
      Politano, and 1 according to the technique of Glenn-Anderson were performed.
      Infravesical obstruction, high intravesical pressure, and low bladder capacity
      have to be treated before an antireflux operation is done. The purpose of the
      antireflux procedure is to prevent reflux nephropathy and to restore urinary
      continence, by performing intermittent sterile self-catheterization and
      implantation of an artifical sphincter. Urinary diversion is seldom necessary.

PMID- 3892826
TI  - [Autologous transplantation of the kidneys in neuromuscular ureteral dysplasia].

PMID- 3892827
TI  - [Nephropexy using a renal fascia flap].

PMID- 3892828
TI  - [Organization of treatment of patients with combined injuries of the lower
      urinary tract].

PMID- 3892829
TI  - [Dermatoplasty after reconstruction of the urethra in hypospadias].

PMID- 3892830
TI  - [Parlodel treatment of hypogonadism in patients with uremia and after kidney
      transplantation].

PMID- 3892831
TI  - [Continuous-knot suture of the bladder].

PMID- 3892832
TI  - [New aspects of anti-androgenic therapy of prostatic cancer].

PMID- 3892833
TI  - Ultrasound detection of focal bacterial nephritis (lobar nephronia) and its
      evolution into a renal abscess.
AB  - A case of acute focal bacterial nephritis (lobar nephronia) which evolved into a
      renal abscess is reported. This case is unusual for 2 reasons: the focal
      nephritis was isoechoic (not previously reported), and it progressed to an
      abscess despite antibiotic therapy. Ultrasound initially detected the focal
      nephritis and later confirmed its progression to an abscess. Successful treatment
      was obtained with sonographically guided percutaneous catheter drainage in
      conjunction with systemic antibiotics.

PMID- 3892834
TI  - Unusual renal pseudotumor (cloison) in a young woman with chronic rejection of a
      transplanted kidney.
AB  - Localized nontumorous conditions may simulate renal neoplasms. A case is
      described in which a cloison was observed in conjunction with chronic rejection
      of a renal transplant.

PMID- 3892835
TI  - Sonography of epididymal cystadenoma.
AB  - Noninflammatory, epididymal masses are unusual. A patient with von Hippel-Lindau
      disease and sonographically demonstrated cystadenoma of the epididymis is
      presented.

PMID- 3892836
TI  - Sonographic evaluation of kidneys undergoing dialysis.
AB  - Sonograms in 205 patients undergoing dialysis were obtained to evaluate renal
      features according to duration of treatment. Both length and parenchymal
      thickness had gradually decreased in kidneys treated for less than 3 years. After
      the 3rd year of treatment, an apparent increase in the incidence of cysts was
      seen. Forty-three cases of acquired cystic disease, including 1 case with renal
      cell carcinoma, were detected. All kidneys had increased cortical echogenicity,
      with prominence first occurring after 7 years of dialysis. In patients undergoing
      dialysis for less than 3 years, those with diabetic nephropathy showed fewer
      changes from normal appearances than patients undergoing dialysis for treatment
      of glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3892837
TI  - Interventional radiologic procedures in the management of the renal transplant
      patient.
AB  - Interventional radiologic procedures have become an important adjunct to the
      management of the renal transplant patient. Numerous problems can be dealt with,
      and in our experience these have included the diagnosis and treatment of ureteric
      obstruction, dilatation of renal artery stenoses, drainage of abscesses,
      hematomas and lymphoceles, management of complications of pancreatitis and
      treatment of bleeding due to fistulas and pseudoaneurysms.

PMID- 3892838
TI  - An analytical study of Doppler ultrasound systems.
AB  - The past theoretical contributions in Doppler ultrasonic imaging have borrowed
      heavily from the electromagnetic case. In these contributions, most points of
      departure between the ultrasonic and electromagnetic cases were taken care of by
      heuristic incorporation of factors in the derived formulas. A theory is presented
      that is more complete in the sense that it specifically accounts for the
      diffracted fields of the transducer aperture (assumed to be a source of a
      Gaussian focussed beam), the interaction of these fields with the scattering
      sites, and the interaction of the transducer aperture with the back scattered
      fields. The theoretical formulation was used to perform a series of computer
      simulation studies on Doppler ultrasound. The control afforded by the theory over
      different parameters of the system has allowed us to study the effect of the
      different signal bandwidths, tissue attenuation constants, and the role of
      transducer design in the ultrasound Doppler systems.

PMID- 3892839
TI  - Nonlinear parameter tomography system using counterpropagating probe and pump
      waves.
AB  - In this paper, a novel tomographic system for imaging the nonlinear parameter
      (B/A) of biological objects is described. This parameter is closely related to
      the detailed properties of tissue, and may well provide a new powerful tool for
      ultrasonic tissue characterization. In our new system, an impulsive, relatively
      high power (10 mW/cm2), low frequency pump wave is applied from the opposite
      direction of a cw low intensity probe wave of high frequency (5 MHz) so that the
      phase of the probe wave is modulated sequentially by the product of the nonlinear
      parameter (B/A) along the beam (x axis) and the pressure of the impulsive pump
      wave. This modulated probe wave is detected and demodulated to derive the
      distribution of (B/A) along the x axis. Many responses are averaged to increase
      the S/N ratio. Inverse or other filtering operations are applied to widen the
      frequency bandwidth of the pump wave. The entire system is realized in hardware.
      The counterbeam orientation makes the imaging system compact, with easy access to
      many parts of the human body. Its resolution is two times that of the
      perpendicular system proposed previously by us and the attenuation of the pump
      wave can also be compensated for easily. A practical system aimed at breast and
      liver diagnosis is described. The principle of the method and the system
      construction are described. B/A images of several objects are given.

PMID- 3892840
TI  - Fluorescence methods for measuring the A, B, and H isoantigens on cytological
      material from bladder carcinoma.
AB  - Fluorescence methods for determining ABH isoantigens on transitional cells were
      developed for the study of cytologic material. Indirect immunofluorescence was
      used for A- and B-antigens, fluorescein-labeled Ulex Europaeus lectin for the H
      antigen. Isoantigens of 151 patients with bladder carcinoma were studied.
      Patients with a malignant cytology showed deletion in 31/65 cases compared to
      12/62 cases when the cytology was benign. Cyto-flow ploidy determinations were
      abnormal in 41/120 cases measured; cells from 21 of these 41 had isoantigen
      deletion compared to 25/79 cases with a diploid pattern. The ABH isoantigen
      deletion shows some relation to malignant cytology, abnormal ploidy and a visible
      tumor, but is probably an independent parameter.

PMID- 3892842
TI  - Renal transplantation in the rat--a new simple, non-suture technique.
AB  - Renal transplantation in the rat can be performed by a simple technique utilising
      cuff anastomosis. This method is quick and reliable, and the results compare well
      with those achieved by standard microsurgical techniques.

PMID- 3892841
TI  - Mannose inhibition of Escherichia coli adherence to urinary bladder epithelium:
      comparison with yeast agglutination.
AB  - The adherence of piliated strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) to mammalian
      epithelial cells has been reported by several investigators to be specifically
      inhibited by D(+)-mannose or its derivatives. Much of this work utilized mannose
      type compounds to inhibit agglutination of mannan containing yeast cells by E.
      coli to demonstrate mannose sensitivity. This report investigates the ability of
      the neotype strain of E. coli (which is sensitive to mannose inhibition of yeast
      cell agglutination) to bind and metabolize radiolabeled D(+)-mannose. In addition
      the relative efficacy of D(+)-mannose and heparin to inhibit the adherence of E.
      coli to rabbit bladder mucosa was compared. Results showed that although D(+)
      mannose did block E. coli--yeast cell agglutination in a reversible manner,
      radiolabeled D(+)-mannose binding by E. coli could not be displaced by 1,000 fold
      excess unlabeled D(+)-mannose. This suggests uptake of the sugar as opposed to a
      surface binding phenomenon which was confirmed by the demonstration of
      significant metabolism of mannose by E. coli. The same concentration of D(+)
      mannose which prevented E. coli--yeast cell agglutination was not particularly
      effective in preventing E. coli adherence to the acid denuded rabbit bladder.
      Heparin treatment of the acid denuded bladder was very effective in preventing E.
      coli adherence but was ineffective in preventing E. coli--yeast cell
      agglutination. This indicates that E. coli--yeast cell agglutination should not
      be correlated with E. coli adherence to mammalian epithelial tissue.

PMID- 3892843
TI  - Prolongation of rat renal allograft survival time by donor pretreatment with 8
      methoxypsoralen and longwave ultraviolet irradiation of the graft (PUVA therapy).
AB  - Pretreatment of the kidney donor with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and ex vivo
      longwave ultraviolet irradiation (UVA) of the kidney prolonged the subsequent
      survival on allogeneic recipients. The efficacy of this treatment seems to be
      dependent on the time and dose of UVA irradiation rather than on the dose of 8
      MOP. In conclusion, PUVA treatment is effective in reducing the immunogenicity of
      the rat kidney allograft, although the mechanism remains unclear. These
      experimental findings are new and preliminary results in clinical human kidney
      transplantation are favourable.

PMID- 3892845
TI  - [Correction of idiopathic juvenile penis deviation with the modified Nesbit
      operation].
AB  - In seven men a congenital penile curvature was corrected using a modified Nesbit
      operation. All patients obtained an excellent correction of the deformity and
      satisfactory intercourse. In three cases a small area of hypesthetic skin was
      observed in the distal parts of the dorsum penis.

PMID- 3892844
TI  - [Intra- and postoperative complications in interventions of the kidney, kidney
      calices and upper ureter].
AB  - Open routine operations on the kidney and the renal calyces have diminished in
      favour of endourological methods. Renal and renal pelvis calculi as well as
      ureteral calculi are rarely approached through open operation. Selective
      indications for operation depend on special situations and anatomy, since
      complications such as injury to large abdominal wall nerves, the peritoneum or
      the pleura present no problem for the skilled surgeon. The control of a sudden
      and serious hemorrhage coming from the renal hilus or the vena cava surely is an
      important complication, which should not be underestimated, and stopping such
      hemorrhages requires knowledge of the peritoneal stepwise method of stopping a
      hemorrhage. Secondary and multiple operations on the kidney need a clear tactical
      treatment concept. This is presented in a four-phase-concept. To avoid or control
      intra- and postoperative complications when operacting on the renal calyces or
      the upper ureter it is still important to respect the old rules of temporary
      diversion of urine and to know reconstructive methods of the urinary tract.

PMID- 3892846
TI  - Living-related donor nephrectomy by eleventh rib intraperitoneal extrapleural
      incision.
AB  - Living-related kidney transplants continue to yield the best results. The two
      primary approaches for living-related donor nephrectomy are the intraperitoneal
      and extraperitoneal operations. We herein describe a series of 8 cases in which
      an eleventh rib intraperitoneal extrapleural incision was used for living-related
      donor nephrectomy. The advantages of the operation in terms of improved ability
      to manage vascular anomalies is described. No complication has been encountered.

PMID- 3892847
TI  - Persistent clot anuria complicating renal transplant biopsy.
AB  - Serious morbidity from renal transplant biopsy is reported to be infrequent.
      However, 4 of 43 patients who had renal transplant biopsy between July, 1981, and
      March, 1984, experienced anuria from upper urinary tract obstruction by blood
      clots. Although these clots usually dissolve, 3 patients (7%) experienced
      persistent clot anuria and deterioration of renal function. Awareness of this
      complication is important. Retrograde pyelography and ureteral catheterization
      are preferred primarily for diagnosis and treatment. Percutaneous techniques are
      reserved for those cases in which the ureter cannot be catheterized
      cystoscopically.

PMID- 3892848
TI  - "Buried strip" versus "tube" in hypospadias repair: analysis of 82 consecutive
      cases.
AB  - The goal of this study was to analyze, discuss, and compare risks and results
      obtained with the "buried strip" and two "tube" techniques for hypospadias repair
      in a personal series. From 1976 through 1982, 82 patients underwent complete two
      stage repair of hypospadias using either the Denis Browne procedure (23 patients)
      or the Belt-Fuqua technique (41) and Byars procedure (18), respectively. Only
      those patients with originally distal and mid shaft hypospadias plus chordee were
      included in this series. The mean age at the time of repair was 4.9 years, with a
      range of two to sixteen years. The overall complication rate was 13.4 per cent
      (11 of 82). The tube procedures alone had a complication rate of 6.8 per cent (4
      of 59) compared with 30 per cent (7 of 23) with the Denis Browne technique.
      Complications noted were: fistulas 6 (Denis Browne 5, Belt-Fuqua 1); meatal
      stenosis 4 (Denis Browne 2, Byars 2); urethral stricture 1 (Belt-Fuqua). Our
      results confirm the general belief that tube techniques have a higher reliability
      than does the Denis Browne procedure. Each procedure improves with the experience
      of the surgeon, although the tube technique appears to cause less trouble in our
      hands. The running subcutaneous and intracutaneous sutures give a far smoother
      healing. We believe this study supports the virtues of two-stage tube repairs.

PMID- 3892849
TI  - Controlled endoscopic retrieval of ectopic ureteral catheters using fluoroscopic
      guidance.
AB  - The double-J ureteral catheter has been popularized as an ideal internal ureteral
      stent. Migration of the distal end of the catheter up the ureter, however, can
      complicate its safe removal. A safe, controlled method of stent extraction is
      described using a C-arm fluoroscopic unit.

PMID- 3892850
TI  - Hematuria after renal allograft biopsy: treatment with aminocaproic acid.
AB  - Aminocaproic acid (EACA) was used in 2 patients with cadaveric renal allografts
      because gross hematuria developed after percutaneous renal biopsies. Marked
      improvement was noted within twelve hours with no recurrence after
      discontinuation of EACA. EACA was effective in moderate renal failure.

PMID- 3892851
TI  - New operation for "krummerik" (penile curvature).
AB  - A corrective operation for penile curvature using plication of the tunica
      albuginea on the opposite side of the angulation is described. The operation is
      fast, easy to perform, and complications are rare.

PMID- 3892852
TI  - Ultrasound in management of undeflatable Foley catheter balloon.

PMID- 3892853
TI  - Malakoplakia of urinary bladder following cadaveric renal transplantation.
AB  - Malakoplakia of the urinary bladder following cadaveric renal transplantation in
      a twenty-two-year-old woman is reported. Urinary tract infection with Escherichia
      coli persisted postoperatively. Three years later, gross hematuria and fever
      occurred. Yellow-tan mucosal plaques or nodules were observed cystoscopically,
      and histologic examination revealed malakoplakia of the urinary bladder with
      characteristic foamy histiocytes containing Michaelis-Gutmann bodies.

PMID- 3892854
TI  - Role of piperacillin in surgical prophylaxis of genitourinary infections.
AB  - One hundred sixty-five men and women undergoing open or transurethral urologic
      surgery participated in a study designed to compare the prophylactic efficacy and
      safety of piperacillin with those of cefotaxime when administered
      perioperatively. The piperacillin-treated group received 2 Gm one hour before
      surgery and 2 Gm three hours later, and the cefotaxime-treated group was
      administered 1 Gm on the same schedule. In 9 per cent of the piperacillin-treated
      patients and in 11 per cent of the cefotaxime-treated patients postoperative
      urinary tract infections developed, although no patient in either group had
      sepsis. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli and
      Enterococcus sp. As expected, the females in both surgical groups had a greater
      incidence of postoperative infections than did the males. No significant drug
      related clinical reactions or changes in the results of the laboratory tests were
      encountered in either treatment group. Thus, a two-dose perioperative
      prophylactic regimen of piperacillin was as safe and as effective as a two-dose
      regimen of cefotaxime in preventing postoperative urinary tract infections or
      sepsis in these patients.

PMID- 3892855
TI  - Problem pathogens in nosocomial infections of urinary tract.
AB  - Although Escherichia coli accounts for as many as 50 per cent of nosocomial
      urinary tract infections, the most problematic of these infections are usually
      caused by Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Proteus. Patients in whom infections with
      these pathogens are most likely to develop are described. Empiric antibiotic
      therapy is discussed as it relates to coverage of potential infecting pathogens.
      The development of antibiotic resistance is illustrated with specific examples
      from a Cleveland hospital regarding resistance of E. coli to ampicillin and of
      Pseudomonas to gentamicin. The importance of becoming familiar with hospital
      sensitivity and resistance patterns is stressed.

PMID- 3892856
TI  - A survey of the microbes in human bile.

PMID- 3892857
TI  - Food habits of Microtus, Peromyscus, and Blarina along Kansas roadsides: cause
      for caution in roadside contamination studies.

PMID- 3892858
TI  - [Method of creating esophageal-intestinal and esophageal-gastric invagination
      anastomoses].

PMID- 3892859
TI  - [Method of occluding the ductal system of the pancreas].

PMID- 3892860
TI  - [Errors and complications in the diagnosis and treatment of extraperitoneal
      rectal injuries].
AB  - On the basis of observations of 11 patients with extraperitoneal injuries of the
      rectum the authors give recommendations on diagnosis and treatment. Operations on
      patients with extraperitoneal injuries should be completed by creation of the
      unnatural anus.

PMID- 3892861
TI  - [Clinical use of osmometry].

PMID- 3892862
TI  - [Prevention of suture dehiscence of the duodenal stump in gastric resection for
      pyloroduodenal ulcers].
AB  - Based on the surgical treatment of 606 patients with complicated pyloroduodenal
      ulcers the authors give recommendations on prophylactics of incompetent sutures
      of the duodenum. These measures allowed to reduce the lethality 6 times as
      compared with the previous 10 years. Drainage of the abdominal cavity with the
      "difficult-for-suturing" stump helps to avoid relaparotomy if there appeared
      incompetence of sutures of the duodenum stump. Stomach resection after Billroth I
      is one of the methods to prevent incompetent sutures of the "difficult-for
      suturing" stump.

PMID- 3892863
TI  - [Antishock care during World War II and its importance for the development of the
      science of resuscitation].

PMID- 3892864
TI  - [Experience of Soviet medicine in World War II and the problems of contemporary
      traumatology and orthopedics].

PMID- 3892865
TI  - Oral tumors.

PMID- 3892866
TI  - Canine mammary gland tumors.
AB  - An understanding of the known biologic facts of this disease and methodical
      evaluation of the individual patient are necessary prerequisites for outlining
      rational courses of therapy for dogs afflicted with mammary tumors. Because of
      the common occurrence of multiple tumors arising at various stages of development
      simultaneously and the heterogeneity of histology of the complex (mixed tissue
      types) tumors, presurgical biopsy is recommended only in cases in which mast cell
      tumor or anaplastic carcinoma is suspected. Although investigative work is being
      performed regarding the efficacy of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and
      immunotherapy, surgery still remains the mainstay in treatment of this condition.
      No one surgical procedure fits the needs of all patients, although it seems
      logical to remove as much breast tissue as is reasonable in each circumstance
      owing to the multicentric nature of the disease. Ovariohysterectomy has not been
      demonstrated to be of value in treatment of dogs with mammary tumors, but it is a
      markedly effective method of preventing mammary tumors if it is performed before
      puberty; it is moderately effective if performed before the dog is 21/2 years of
      age.

PMID- 3892867
TI  - Tumors of the canine nasal cavity.

PMID- 3892868
TI  - Respiratory tract tumors.

PMID- 3892869
TI  - Solid tumors.
AB  - Soft-tissue tumors are similar in their behavior. Benign tumors can be easily
      resected in most cases, whereas malignant tumors are relentless in their locally
      invasive characteristics. A clear understanding of the constraints of the
      pathologist in reaching a confirmed diagnosis and a logical plan utilizing
      surgery as the major modality of therapy are necessary for successful management
      of these tumors. It appears that radiation combined with hyperthermia is
      beginning to play a significant role in the local control of soft-tissue sarcomas
      and that single or multi-agent chemotherapy may be of benefit in treatment of
      nonresectable or metastatic soft-tissue sarcomas. For the immediate future,
      surgery remains the only nonexperimental modality of therapy, but the rapid
      advances in the other therapy methods are encouraging.

PMID- 3892870
TI  - Tumors of the alimentary tract.
AB  - Neoplasms of the canine and feline alimentary tract represent diagnostic and
      therapeutic challenges for the veterinarian in practice. Careful attention to
      historical details and thorough and repeated examination are of paramount
      importance in evaluating animals with chronic digestive disturbances. By
      judicious use of ancillary studies such as plain and contrast radiography,
      endoscopy, and exploratory surgery, the clinician may arrive at a diagnosis
      earlier in the course of a neoplasm. This in turn may facilitate more efficacious
      treatment. A particularly interesting aspect of tumors of the gastrointestinal
      tract is their frequent association with environmental carcinogens. By being
      aware of these relationships, veterinarians stand a better chance of reaching the
      ultimate goal of cancer therapists--the prevention of malignant disease.

PMID- 3892871
TI  - Urogenital tumors.

PMID- 3892872
TI  - Primary bone tumors.

PMID- 3892873
TI  - Experimental production of lesions in canine pulmonary arteries similar to those
      produced by Dirofilaria immitis infection.
AB  - Pulmonary arterial disease was produced by the placement of flexible polyvinyl
      chloride threads (similar in size, shape and flexibility to adult female
      Dirofilaria immitis) in the pulmonary arteries of dogs. Several different types
      of pathological change were apparent ranging from subendothelial oedema and
      endothelial loss, mild intimal proliferation and thrombus formation to organised
      fibrous encasement of the threads in areas where they had become impacted in the
      lumen of the artery. This range of pathological changes is very similar to that
      produced by D immitis and suggests that the intima of the canine pulmonary artery
      may react to different insults in a similar way.

PMID- 3892874
TI  - Detection of antigen by fluorescence in orf virus lesions in sheep.

PMID- 3892875
TI  - Duration of bovine intramammary infections in commercial dairy herds.
AB  - Data on the infection status of cows on seven commercial dairy farms were
      collected over 492 full lactations. Foremilk samples were taken at an average
      interval of five weeks. A total of 249 streptococcal and 433 staphylococcal
      infections were diagnosed. Spontaneous elimination occurred in 49 per cent of all
      streptococcal infections and in 54 per cent of Staphylococcus aureus infections.
      The average duration of spontaneously eliminated infections was 10.8 weeks for
      Streptococcus agalactiae, 9.9 weeks for Strep dysgalactiae, 10.4 weeks for Strep
      uberis and 12.8 weeks for Staph aureus. The average duration of infections
      persisting until drying off was 19.3 weeks for Strep agalactiae, 18.7 weeks for
      Strep dysgalactiae, 18.5 weeks for Strep uberis and 25.2 weeks for Staph aureus.
      The method and rate of elimination of infection as found in this analysis are of
      value for estimating new infection rates and selecting quarters for dry cow
      therapy.

PMID- 3892876
TI  - 'Anaesthetic death' in a black fallow deer.

PMID- 3892877
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis of infection with Leptospira interrogans
      serovar hardjo by immunofluorescence.

PMID- 3892878
TI  - Clinicopathologic aspects of lead poisoning in birds: a review.
AB  - After reviewing of the sources of lead poisoning in birds, the diagnostic value
      of several clinicopathologic parameters for the diagnosis of plumbism in birds is
      discussed. These parameters include venous lead concentration, plasma delta
      aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase concentration (ALA-D), aminolaevulinic-acid
      (ALA) excretion in urine, free erythrocytic protoporphyrin (FEPP) and zinc
      protoporphyrin (ZPP) concentrations in venous blood, and the percentage of
      fluorocytes, reticulocytes, and erythrocytes with basophilic stippling in
      peripheral blood. The CaNa2 EDTA lead mobilization test is also mentioned.

PMID- 3892879
TI  - Swine dysentery in a sow herd. II. Comparison of a direct fluorescent antibody
      test with selective culture in the laboratory diagnosis.
AB  - During and after an outbreak of swine dysentery (Doyle) two diagnostic techniques
      were compared: a direct fluorescent antibody test and a selective culture method.
      The latter was more sensitive, provided the animals were not medicated and the
      samples were processed on the day of collection. The widespread use of
      chemoprophylaxis makes selective culture as a diagnostic aid under Dutch
      conditions highly impractical.

PMID- 3892880
TI  - Experimental and clinical trials of long acting oxytetracycline in the treatment
      of canine ehrlichiosis.
AB  - Four splenectomized dogs were experimentally infected with Ehrlichia canis and
      treated at the point of illness with long acting (LA) Oxytetracycline at
      different dosages. Terramycin LA, when given at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight
      (deep intramuscularly) twice, at a four-day interval, was found to have
      effectively controlled the disease and has replaced the usual 7-14 successive
      days' treatment regimen when other groups of tetracycline drugs are used. Predef
      2X at the rate of 2 mg given intramuscularly concurrently eliminated the local
      inflammatory reaction caused by the injection of Terramycin LA. Twenty-four out
      of the 26 naturally infected dogs which were treated in a similar way were
      completely cured; one died before it could receive the full treatment, and
      another received a second medication five weeks after the first treatment,
      showing recurrent epistaxis; blood samples taken from this dog were negative for
      E. canis.

PMID- 3892881
TI  - [40th anniversary of the victory of the Soviet nation in World War II].

PMID- 3892882
TI  - [Medical services during the Berlin campaign].

PMID- 3892883
TI  - [Party and political activities in medical departments and institutions during
      World War II].

PMID- 3892884
TI  - [Medical services in the 57th Army during the Belgrade campaign].

PMID- 3892885
TI  - [Medical services in the rifle regiment during the Dnieper crossing].

PMID- 3892886
TI  - [An army hospital for the slightly wounded].

PMID- 3892887
TI  - [Epidemiological analysis of the incidence of infectious diseases].

PMID- 3892888
TI  - [The great victory of the Soviet people].

PMID- 3892889
TI  - [Results of step-by-step clinico-sanatorium treatment of patients with diabetes
      mellitus].

PMID- 3892890
TI  - [Physical therapy during World War II].

PMID- 3892891
TI  - [Adjuvant chemotherapy following radical operations for cancer of the large
      intestine].

PMID- 3892892
TI  - [40th anniversary of the victory of the Soviet people in World War II 1941-1945].

PMID- 3892893
TI  - [Sources for research on the history of the development of the oncological
      service in Soviet public health].

PMID- 3892894
TI  - [Soviet oncologists--participants in World War II].

PMID- 3892896
TI  - ABO haemolytic anaemia in transplanted patients.
AB  - A case of severe intravascular haemolysis, due to an 'auto-anti-B antibody', and
      a case of transient haemolytic anaemia, due to an 'auto-anti-A antibody',
      following allogeneic organ transplantation, are reported. Both patients were
      receiving immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporin A and were non-secretors of
      A, B and H substances.

PMID- 3892895
TI  - Whole blood immunoadsorption of anti-A or anti-B antibodies.
AB  - Immunoadsorption columns capable of specifically removing antibodies show promise
      as an alternative treatment to plasma exchange. Most columns are designed to be
      perfused with plasma and it is necessary to use a plasma separation device
      (filtration or centrifugation) for the procedure. This increases the cost and
      complexity of the immunoadsorption procedure. We have adapted immunoadsorption
      columns capable of removing anti-A or anti-B red cell antibody from plasma to a
      whole blood perfusion system by coating the silica with a thin layer of collodion
      and incubating with albumin (1%). Patients were given heparin, 25 units/kg
      intravenously, followed by a continuous infusion of 3% citrate and heparin, 10
      units/ml, to achieve a ratio of 1:16-1:20 (anticoagulant to whole blood) before
      delivery through the columns. Effective and specific removal of anti-A or anti-B
      antibody was achieved with this technique. Effects on coagulation parameters and
      the complement system were acceptably small.

PMID- 3892897
TI  - The discovery of the red cell acid phosphatase polymorphism.

PMID- 3892898
TI  - [Kiev Medical Institute during World War II].

PMID- 3892899
TI  - [Anti-arrhythmia activity and side effects of various anti-arrhythmia agents].

PMID- 3892900
TI  - [Use of glucocorticoids and insulin in the complex treatment of patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3892901
TI  - [Responsibility of the Communist Party in providing medical services to the front
      and rear armies during World War II].

PMID- 3892902
TI  - [Various characteristics of chronic tetraethyl lead poisoning].

PMID- 3892903
TI  - [Effectiveness of early antibacterial treatment combined with butadion in
      patients with Q fever].

PMID- 3892904
TI  - [History of development of physiotherapy in the Ukraine].

PMID- 3892905
TI  - [Rheological properties of blood in patients with stenocardia during treatment
      with obsidan, corvatone and corinfar].

PMID- 3892906
TI  - [Current problems in cerebral arachnoiditis (review of the literature)].

PMID- 3892907
TI  - [Achievements of the public health authorities of the Ukrainian SSR in the
      control of infectious diseases after World War II].

PMID- 3892908
TI  - [Diagnostic value of one-dimensional echoscopy of the pancreas].

PMID- 3892909
TI  - [Diagnostic possibilities of echography in the practice of a physician in an
      outpatient clinic].

PMID- 3892910
TI  - Catheter-associated urinary tract infections: Part 2. Preventive measures.

PMID- 3892911
TI  - The effect of Bixa orellana (annatto) on blood sugar levels in the anaesthetized
      dog.

PMID- 3892912
TI  - Experience with sham-feeding as a postoperative test of vagotomy.

PMID- 3892913
TI  - Current trends in antifertility vaccine research.
AB  - We review the major advances that have recently occurred in the area of
      antifertility vaccines by examining the immunogenic potential of gamete,
      embryonic and placental antigens. In human trials using beta-human chorionic
      gonadotropin coupled with tetanus toxoid as the immunogen, the major problems
      with antifertility vaccines relate to specificity and maintaining an adequate
      antibody titer to disrupt gestation. Possible complications include cross
      reaction with other body tissues, immune complex deposition, cytotoxicity,
      impaired immunologic tumor surveillance and nonreversibility.

PMID- 3892915
TI  - Heterogeneity in type II diabetes.

PMID- 3892916
TI  - The predictive value of physical examinations for ascites.
AB  - To determine the predictive value of physical signs for ascites, we compared the
      results of physical examination with those of abdominal sonography in 90 men in
      hospital with liver disease. The positive predictive values of shifting dullness
      and prominent fluid waves were low (51% and 73%). We divided the patients into
      two groups: those with prolonged prothrombin times (72% prevalence of ascites by
      sonogram), and those with normal prothrombin times (15% prevalence). In patients
      with prolonged prothrombin times, a prominent fluid wave had a very high positive
      predictive value for ascites (96%). Many patients with prolonged prothrombin
      times had ascites despite negative physical signs. In contrast, in those with
      normal prothrombin times, both shifting dullness and prominent fluid waves were
      usually falsely positive. Patients with normal prothrombin times and no shifting
      dullness rarely (2%) had ascites. The predictive value of physical signs for
      ascites depends on the prevalence of ascites in groups of patients that are
      examined. The prothrombin time is a useful index for identifying inpatients with
      a high or low prevalence of ascites and the predictive value of physical signs is
      enhanced by interpreting them in combination with a patient's prothrombin time.

PMID- 3892914
TI  - Pathogenesis of impaired glucose tolerance and type II diabetes mellitus--current
      status.
AB  - The insulin response to glucose taken orally is increased in patients with
      impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) but decreased in those with type II diabetes
      mellitus. The insulin response to meals, however, is normal in patients with type
      II diabetes, although the glucose concentrations are obviously elevated. The
      acute insulin response to intravenously administered glucose is absent in cases
      of both IGT and type II diabetes when the fasting plasma glucose level exceeds
      115 mg per dl. On the other hand, the response to other intravenously given
      secretagogues is either normal or nearly so. The absent acute insulin response to
      intravenously administered glucose can be restored by alpha-adrenergic blockade,
      prostaglandin synthesis inhibition, dopaminergic blockade and euglycemia. Insulin
      antagonism characterizes patients with both IGT and type II diabetes. Those with
      IGT and mild diabetes mellitus (untreated fasting plasma glucose concentrations <
      180 mg per dI) have a receptor defect probably due to down regulation. Diabetic
      patients with more severe type II diabetes show a postreceptor defect. The
      relation (if any) between receptor and postreceptor defects is unclear.

PMID- 3892917
TI  - The return of two-class medicine--ill effects of Medi-Cal reform.
AB  - California's drastic Medi-Cal reforms have created great difficulties in health
      care for the poor. Patients' clinical problems seldom are apparent in
      descriptions of changes in public insurance programs. Rapidly escalating costs of
      Medi-Cal led to irresistible pressures for reform, especially from the business
      community. The new Medi-Cal regulations provide for prospective contracts with
      hospitals for inpatient services, the transfer of "Medically Indigent Adults" to
      the responsibility of county governments and various other straightforward
      funding cutbacks. Confusion, disruption of services and adverse health outcomes
      have accompanied the Medi-Cal reforms.

PMID- 3892918
TI  - [Clinical trials of chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy of malignant melanoma
      with unfavorable prognosis after surgical treatment].

PMID- 3892919
TI  - [Principles of postoperative procedures after leg amputation in peripheral
      vascular diseases].

PMID- 3892920
TI  - [Subviral infections].

PMID- 3892921
TI  - [Selected problems in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy].

PMID- 3892922
TI  - [Effectiveness of amoxicillin in infectious endocarditis].

PMID- 3892923
TI  - [Hyperprolactinemia in women].

PMID- 3892924
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of the preparation Trental].

PMID- 3892925
TI  - [Evaluation of combined treatment of cervix incompetence].

PMID- 3892926
TI  - [Immunological studies in persons occupationally exposed to brucellosis].

PMID- 3892927
TI  - [Pulmonary hypertension in mitral valve defect].

PMID- 3892928
TI  - [Diagnostic methods in the evaluation of thyroid gland function in patients with
      goiter during preparation for surgery].

PMID- 3892929
TI  - [Liver abscess diagnosed by ultrasonics].

PMID- 3892930
TI  - [Illnesses and death of Waclaw II, king of Poland and Bohemia].

PMID- 3892931
TI  - [100 years of local anesthesia].
AB  - Although the anaesthetizing effect of cocaine had been known for a long time, it
      was only in 1884 that Karl Koller first carried out animal experiments, followed
      by clinical testing in humans of the anaesthetic effect of cocaine on the eye.
      Freud had shortly before directed the attention of Viennese doctors to the
      alkaloid cocaine in a paper. Upon Freud's suggestion Konigstein tested the effect
      of cocaine therapeutically, whilst Koller independently conceived the use of
      cocaine as a local anaesthetic for eye operations. Jelinek introduced cocaine
      into laryngology and Wolfler into surgery, as further applications for the use of
      this local anaesthetic.

PMID- 3892932
TI  - [Intrauterine ultrasound diagnosis in a case of urethral agenesis].
AB  - A rare case of obstruction of the lower urinary tract due to urethral agenesia,
      diagnosed echographically in utero, is presented. This case illustrates that
      ultrasound, in addition to its importance as a diagnostic tool in pregnancy, can
      also lead to meaningful therapeutic consequences.

PMID- 3892933
TI  - [Immunologic and transplantation biology studies in patients with terminal renal
      failure].
AB  - Best possible tissue compatibility is a fundamental precondition for a successful
      organ transplantation. The desirable tissue compatibility is mainly defined by
      transplantation-antigens of the donor and the recipient and therefore--beside ABO
      antigens--the characteristics of HLA-system are the focal point of the
      preoperative immunological diagnosis. Based on the results of comperative
      examinations it is demonstrated, that HLA-antisera have such a widespread
      biological variability, that they lead sometimes to a faulty diagnosis which in
      turn causes the biological importance of the HLA-system to be doubted. The
      preoperative immunologic diagnosis should include an estimation of the risk
      factors in the patient. The consideration of the crossmatch between donor and
      recipient is a decisive factor in organ transplantation. The starting point is
      the preoperative antibody monitoring which checks the patients serum reactions
      against a panel of blood donors to see, whether the patient is a "high" or "low"-
      responder to allogenetic stimuli. A positive reaction in the crossmatch is
      brought about by different kinds of antibodies whereby only in the presence of
      auto-antibody or cold-reactive B-cell antibody a transplantation may take place.
      The antibody characterisation in preoperative diagnosis is supported by the
      results of the immunologic antibody monitoring, whereby--because of the results
      here presented-- it can be confirmed, that through the knowledge of the antibody
      specifities which have been checked in a positive crossmatch transplantation on
      highly sensitized patients can take place with a prospect of success.
      Supplementing the "Eurotransplant" results the HLA-DRw6 antigen is shown not only
      to be an indication of risk in transplantation, but may also be an
      aetiopathogenetic factor. In the presentated statistics it can be shown, that in
      patients suffering from glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis and requiring
      dialysis treatment the HLA - DRw6 antigen occur more frequently than in the
      control group of healthy blood donors. In glomerulonephritis patients there is
      additionally a significant change in distribution favourable to HLA - DRw10
      shown. The determination of genetically caused risk factors is appreciably
      supported by characterisation of lymphocyte subpopulations and diagnosis of
      changes in the Complement-system. Changes in T-lymphocyte subpopulations pointing
      to proceedings of immunostimulation and conditions of the activated Complement
      system represent warning signals in organ transplantation.

PMID- 3892934
TI  - Splenic abscess.

PMID- 3892935
TI  - Partial splenic embolization: experience in 136 patients.

PMID- 3892936
TI  - 333 Cedar Street: an oral history. A chapter in the history of contemporary
      medicine.
AB  - This paper contains excerpts and colloquies selected from interviews which will
      appear in a proposed book-length oral history of the Yale University School of
      Medicine. The book, which considers all the constituent members of the Yale
      academic medical community, is a statement about contemporary issues in medicine.
      Owing to space constraints, only excerpts from students appear in this paper. It
      is believed that these selections may be used as case studies to explore in depth
      issues of contemporary medical interest. The excerpts have been categorized into
      eight thematic clusters considering different aspects of premedical and medical
      school life.

PMID- 3892937
TI  - [Early detection, therapy and prognosis of neoplasms of the female genitals in
      the aged].

PMID- 3892938
TI  - [Comparative treatment of duodenal ulcer with placebo and trimipramine
      (Herphonal). A multicenter study].

PMID- 3892939
TI  - [Alfred Lublin (1895-1956) and his contribution to diabetology].

PMID- 3892940
TI  - [Current status of tuberculosis in children and adolescents of East Germany].
AB  - The morbidity from juvenile tuberculosis in the GDR amounts presently to 0.6 per
      100.000 in the age group 0 to 15 years. The GDR's centre for treating children
      affected by tuberculosis is the above hospital for lung diseases in the town of
      Harzgerode. Between 1980 and 1983 a total of 89 children (48 boys and 41 girls)
      with various forms of tuberculosis have been treated there. The anamnesis of the
      children with lung tuberculosis was largely unspecific, only 6 from 29 had
      pneumonia or pneumonia was suspected respectively. All patients with abdominal
      tuberculosis had pains in the peritoneal cavity, whereas 26 from 31 children with
      cervico-glandular tuberculosis developed local lymphatic nodes. The family
      anamnesis showed primary tuberculous infections, lung tuberculosis and other
      forms of tuberculosis in the respiratory system among the patient's parents,
      grandparents and other relatives. The cases were initially registered mainly with
      the special outpatients' departments for lung diseases and tuberculosis or with
      other surgically orientated departments. Whilst tuberculin tests with 2 TE on
      children with lung tuberculosis gave a clear diagnosis, the same tests proved to
      be negative in nearly all cases with histologically confirmed lymphatic
      tuberculosis. Tuberculous bacteria could be detected in only 15 from 29 cases of
      lung tuberculosis. A strict initial therapy with three antituberculous drugs,
      usually Streptomycin, INH and Ethambutol, is decisive for the successful
      treatment. In the following intermittent period Streptomycin and INH are
      preferred. The total duration of chemotherapy of all forms of juvenile
      tuberculosis is at present 9 months.

PMID- 3892941
TI  - [Immunopathologic studies in chronic bronchitis].
AB  - Immunopathological investigations (demonstration of IgG, IgM, IgE, SIgA and C3)
      of bronchial mucosa in 32 cases of chronic bronchitis showed in 1/5 of all cases
      deposits of immunoglobulins of the IgG, M and E class in the basal membrane. The
      complement factor C3 was found in 1/10 of all cases. SIgA was seen in only 55%.
      There is a close correlation between the loss of SIgA and deposits of
      immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgE) in the basal membrane.

PMID- 3892942
TI  - [Comparison of various methods for the identification of pneumococci based on
      optochin sensitivity].
AB  - The sensitivity against optochin of 491 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae
      respectively alpha-haemolytic Streptococci was tested in optochin-plate-method
      and in the diffusion-test. Discs impregnated and used in wet condition and dry
      discs prepared in one of the participating laboratories were equal in their
      efficiency. The differentiation of Streptococcus pneumoniae and alpha-haemolytic
      Streptococci is possible by the disc-diffusion method using the following limit
      of inhibition zone. Streptococcus pneumoniae diameter of inhibition zone greater
      than 15 mm alpha-haemolytic Streptococci diameter of inhibition zone 0-15 mm The
      industrial production of optochin-discs can be recommended.

PMID- 3892943
TI  - [Problems in the bacteriological study of wound infections].

PMID- 3892944
TI  - [The Pan-German Exhibition of Hygiene and Emergency Aid, Berlin 1883, and various
      communal hygiene aspects at the end of the 19th century].

PMID- 3892945
TI  - [25 years of mycology at the Berlin District Hygiene Institute].

PMID- 3892946
TI  - [Reproductive ability of Staph. aureus and E. coli in the presence of human blood
      and various levels of carrageenan, colchicine, indomethacin, galactose and 2,4
      dinitrophenol].

PMID- 3892947
TI  - [Bacteriological findings in urinary tract infections following kidney
      transplantation].

PMID- 3892948
TI  - [Prognosis of new cases of lung tuberculosis in 1962 and 1972 10 years later].
AB  - At present a good prognosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is possible in the case of
      well-timed diagnosis and optimum treatment. Controlled use of all necessary
      specific drugs is a prerequisite to a success. The analogous courses of bacillary
      and non-bacillary pulmonary tuberculosis confirm our experiences that culture
      negative respiratory tuberculosis is existing in an important number. Therefore,
      this factor will have to be put into our epidemiologic and clinical
      considerations.

PMID- 3892949
TI  - [Praemii loco: the Halle promotion of Georg Forster (1754-1794) and his Halle
      circle of contacts].
AB  - The 200th anniversary of Georg Forster's (1754-1794) graduation in Halle gives
      rise to refer to the modalities and practices of academic and especially medical
      graduations in the 18th century. As to Georg Forster a graduation "praemii loco"
      is concerned in recognition of the excellent achievements in natural sciences of
      the scientist who took part in the second circumnavigation of the globe by Cook.

PMID- 3892950
TI  - [Detection of toxoplasma-specific IgM antibodies--comparison with the ISAGA
      (immunosorbent agglutination assay) and immunofluorescence results].
AB  - Serum samples from 702 persons were examined for Toxoplasma-specific IgM
      antibodies using the immunosorbent agglutination assay (ISAGA) and the
      immunofluorescence-test (IIFT). 250 samples showed a positive reaction in the
      Sabin-Feldman-test (SFT) with titers greater than or equal to 1: 1 024, 58% were
      positive in ISAGA and 36% in the IIFT. Samples of persons with acute Toxoplasma
      infection, showed high titers in the ISAGA and SFT as well, even in cases where
      the IgM-IIFT was negative. SFT-negative sera and others with weakly-positive
      reactions and also rheuma-positive samples were negative in the ISAGA. It is
      discussed how far it is possible to determine the duration of the Toxoplasma
      infection by applying the ISAGA in combination with other antibody tests.

PMID- 3892951
TI  - [Bilateral hydrothorax of the newborn infant].
AB  - Bilateral hydrothorax of the newborn is not compatible with life. It must,
      therefore, be diagnosed sonographically before birth and drained immediately
      following birth. The therapy which can be applied is discussed with reference to
      a case.

PMID- 3892952
TI  - [Association of HLA antigens with scleroderma].
AB  - 22 patients suffering from scleroderma have been investigated with regard to
      possible association of HLA with scleroderma (PSS and s. circumscripta).
      Preliminary data revealed increased relative risk values for carriers of the HLA
      antigens DR1 and DR5 (rR value 6.3 and 2.6 for PSS, resp.). In s. circumscripta,
      the rR value of individuals positive for B27 was increased up to 4.9. Different
      subtypes of scleroderma seem to be associated with different HLA antigens.

PMID- 3892953
TI  - [Plasmoacanthoma. A contribution to the diagnosis, etiopathogenesis and
      nosology].
AB  - We report on a patient suffering from plasmoacanthoma which started from the
      right angle of the mouth and extended to the oral mucosa. The clinical tentative
      diagnosis of a malignant tumor was histologically supported by an immediate
      frozen section under surgery. Only histological examination of tumor material
      embedded in paraffin settled the diagnosis of plasmoacanthoma. On the base of
      mycological demonstration of Candida albicans on the tumor tissue, we discuss
      etiopathogenetic aspects of plasmoacanthoma as well as its nosologic position.

PMID- 3892954
TI  - [Current immunological aspects of allergic contact dermatitis].
AB  - We give a review of the function of Langerhans' cells and ETAF as well as the
      influence of UVB irradiation on the presentation of antigens. We than discuss
      some evidences for the possible involvement of cytochrome P-450 in the processing
      of antigens (parallelism between carcinogenesis and immunogenicity induced by
      aromatic hydrocarbons, high inducibility of cytochrome P-450 dependent enzyme
      activity in human monocytes, significance of compounds with quinone structure as
      allergens and carcinogenic agents.

PMID- 3892955
TI  - Gametocyte development of Plasmodium chabaudi in mice and rats: evidence for host
      induction of gametocytogenesis.
AB  - Gametocytogenesis in Plasmodium chabaudi was studied in intact and splenectomized
      mice and rats. Blood forms inoculated into mice entered a new asexual cycle,
      resulting in high parasitaemias 4 days after inoculation. Blood forms inoculated
      into intact rats were almost eliminated by day 4 after injection. In
      splenectomized rats, however, the parasitaemia remained constant over this
      period. With an immunofluorescence test (IFA), using an antiserum to mouse
      erythrocytes, it was found that the majority of parasites invaded rat
      erythrocytes, but were unable to enter a new asexual cycle. It was found that up
      to 50% of the parasites in splenectomized rats developed into gametocytes. The
      IFA showed that the proportion of gametocytes to asexual forms was very high in
      splenectomized animals, irrespective of the origin of the host cells-mouse or
      rat.

PMID- 3892956
TI  - Plasmodium berghei: the influence of blood volume changes on the malaria-induced
      anemia in Balb/C mice.
AB  - Malaria-induced anemia exceeds that attributable to direct parasite destruction
      of erythrocytes. Since spleen and liver weights increase significantly,
      hemodilution may account for part of this excessive anemia. To determine the role
      of hemodilution in the etiology of anemia, vascular volumes were measured with
      Evans blue and isotope dilution techniques. The Evans blue dilution technique
      showed that blood volume increased 20%, in infected Balb/C mice. However, when
      blood volume was measured with Evans blue bound to protein prior to injection or
      with iodinated albumin and chromium-labelled red blood cells no significant
      change was detected. Evidently the permeability of the vasculature and/or
      erythrocytes of infected mice was increased so that injected Evans blue occupied
      a space larger than the vascular volume before becoming bound to plasma proteins.
      We conclude that hemodilution is not involved in the excessive anemia of
      Plasmodium berghei-infected Balb/C mice.

PMID- 3892957
TI  - Immunofluorescent localization of Schistosoma mansoni circulating cathodic
      antigen in tissues of infected mice using monoclonal antibody.
AB  - In the present study the kinetics of the uptake and deposition of the major
      circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) of Schistosoma mansoni in liver, spleen, and
      kidney of S. mansoni infected Swiss mice was investigated in relation to the
      duration of infection and infection dose (50, 100, 200 cercariae). The presence
      of antigen was studied with a direct immunofluorescence reaction on frozen
      sections of the mouse organs, using a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled
      mouse IgM monoclonal antibody recognizing a repeating epitope of CCA. CCA was
      demonstrable from 2 weeks post infection (p.i.) onwards in Kupffer cells in the
      liver, from 3-4 weeks p.i. onwards in macrophages in the marginal zones in the
      spleen and from 8 weeks p.i. onwards in kidney glomeruli. The immunofluorescence
      reactions on CCA in kidney glomeruli, however, remained relatively weak.

PMID- 3892959
TI  - [The use of sonography as a complementary procedure in the orthopedic hip
      diagnosis in newborn infants (a pilot study)].
AB  - In this study we tried to complete the clinical Newborn-control by
      sonographically investigation at the Newborn-ward. The routine clinical and
      sonographical combination seems to be successful. Further investigation will be
      necessary for the sonographic analysis of the physiologic and dysplastic
      acetabulum. Here we must discuss, if radiological signs can be partially
      translated for sonography. At last the study checked further technical
      sonographical details.

PMID- 3892958
TI  - In vitro culture of intramolluscan stages of the avian schistosome
      Trichobilharzia ocellata.
AB  - Several different procedures for in vitro cultivation of intramolluscan stages of
      the avian schistosome Trichobilharzia ocellata were tried. A medium was found and
      culture conditions were established that not only supported in vitro
      transformation of miracidia into mother sporocysts, but also resulted in
      substantial subsequent growth; moreover, some degree of germinative development
      appeared to occur as well. Cerebral ganglia from uninfected adult snails of the
      intermediate host species, Lymnaea stagnalis, could produce factors promoting in
      vitro development of young mother sporocysts. Results are compared with data from
      the literature and it is concluded that greater success in in vitro culturing of
      young mother sporocysts of T. ocellata can be achieved than has hitherto been
      reported for other schistosome species. The same culture procedures were less
      successful when applied to other intramolluscan stages of T. ocellata, but can be
      used for in vitro maintenance of these stages. The procedures described here will
      be a useful tool in the study of schistosome-snail interactions in T. ocellata-L.
      stagnalis and possibly in other systems as well.

PMID- 3892960
TI  - [Problems in sonography of the hip (standardized recording technic, measurement
      errors, therapeutic consequences)].
AB  - Classification of disturbances of maturation of the hip by sonography
      necessitates a standardized recording technique. The possible ways of reproducing
      a cross-sectional plane through the acetabulum are illustrated and discussed. In
      the second section possible errors in establishing the lines of measurement are
      demonstrated and their causes explained. As the authors' experience with over
      14.500 hips of infants shows, hip sonography provides completely new insights
      into the pathomechanism of the luxation process, making it easier than ever to
      select therapeutic methods appropriate for the maturation disorder in question
      and the age of the infant.

PMID- 3892961
TI  - [Transmission sonographic diagnosis of infant hips].
AB  - By means of transmission sonography with incoherent ultrasound it is possible to
      obtain areal cross-section images of infants' hips which are free of interference
      and demonstrate axes accurately. It is possible to assess the condition of
      tendons, ligaments, capsular structures, and the bones, and their relative
      positions. The authors report on experience gathered since 1982 with the
      instrument developed at the Gesellschaft fur Strahlen- und Umweltforschung
      (Society for Radiation and Environmental Research) in Munich. In addition to a
      brief description of the unit and an explanation of the examination technique,
      they discuss criteria of assessment and demonstrate on the basis of sample
      results that transmission sonographic findings can be assessed reliably in
      patients up to the age of 9 months. The possible significance of transmission
      sonography in the diagnosis and observation of congenital dislocation of the hip
      is discussed.

PMID- 3892962
TI  - [Role of basal ganglia in the mechanisms of afferent synthesis and acceptance of
      decision making].

PMID- 3892963
TI  - [The hemato-encephalic barrier in emotional stress].

PMID- 3892964
TI  - [Experimental neuroses].

PMID- 3892965
TI  - [Students and teachers agree: Sophia home should remain. Interview by Viveka
      Holmertz].

PMID- 3892966
TI  - [Experiences with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in dialysis shunt
      complications].

PMID- 3892967
TI  - [Primary iliac-cecal fistula by toothpick penetration].

PMID- 3892968
TI  - [An immortal feat of Soviet medical workers during World War II].

PMID- 3892969
TI  - [Clinical transplantation of allogeneic kidneys after trans-organ oxygen
      conservation].

PMID- 3892971
TI  - [Reconstructive operations on the locomotor system using allogeneic tissues
      preserved in aldehydes].

PMID- 3892970
TI  - [Characteristics of anti-ischemia protection of the small intestine and pancreas
      under experimental conditions].

PMID- 3892972
TI  - [Food irradiation].
AB  - Food irradiation has become a matter of topical interest also in the Federal
      Republic of Germany following applications for exemptions concerning irradiation
      tests of spices. After risks to human health by irradiation doses up to a level
      sufficient for product pasteurization were excluded, irradiation now offers a
      method suitable primarily for the disinfestation of fruit and decontamination of
      frozen and dried food. Codex Alimentarius standards which refer also to
      supervision and dosimetry have been established; they should be adopted as
      national law. However, in the majority of cases where individual countries
      including EC member-countries so far permitted food irradiation, these standards
      were not yet used. Approval irradiation technique for industrial use is
      available. Several industrial food irradiation plants, partly working also on a
      contractual basis, are already in operation in various countries. Consumer
      response still is largely unknown; since irradiated food is labelled, consumption
      of irradiated food will be decided upon by consumers.

PMID- 3892973
TI  - [Pathohistology of allotransplanted kidneys. A 10-year report from Santiago,
      Cuba].
AB  - Of altogether 201 allotransplantations in Santiago de Cuba the material was
      histologically examined 328 times. Transplant biopsies and explants most
      frequently revealed a rejection nephropathy, in which case the forms of the
      prognostically unfavourable rejection vasculopapty were more frequent than the
      types of the tubulointerstitial rejection nephropath which are better to be
      influenced therapeutically. A histologically diagnosed acute failure of the
      kidney was casually based on (reversible) lesions of the donor kidney, infections
      and haemorrhages after the transplantation as well as on the combination with a
      rejection. A transplant pyelonephritis and transplant glomerulonephritis were
      rarely observed. Complete necroses of a transplant biopsy cylinder allow the
      urgent suspicion of an obliterating rejection vasculopathy with secondary
      transplant necroses.

PMID- 3892974
TI  - [Incidence of urinary tract infections in day care children. Prospective analysis
      of 220 day care children over a 24-month period with electrochemical urine
      screening].
AB  - In a prospective study in 220 children at creche age altogether 2,443
      bacteriological investigations of the urine were performed over two years. As
      investigation method an electrochemical technique was used. About 3% of the
      bacteriological investigations of the urine revealed a bacteriurine of greater
      than 10(5) germs/ml. More than 60% of these findings were falsely positive. The
      frequency of the urinary tract infections in children from the 6th month up to
      the 3rd year was 1.36%. The proportion of the sterile findings of the urine
      reveals a clear dependence on age and is essentially influenced by the taking
      technique. The findings were compared with the results of other screening
      investigations and discussed.

PMID- 3892975
TI  - [Perioperative antibiotic prevention in colon and rectum surgery. A randomized
      study on the value of single dose prevention].
AB  - In a prospective randomized trial clinical results of one-shot-prophylaxis with
      Tinidazole (Group I, n = 50) versus 9 doses of Metronidazole (Group II, n = 50)
      as perioperative short-time-prophylaxis were compared. The rate of postoperative
      wound infections was not significantly different in the groups (p = 0,09). (1/50
      in Group I = 2%, 5/50 in Group II = 10%). Postoperative complications clearly
      occurred less frequently in the first group than in the second one (12% versus
      34%, p0,01). Our investigation indicates that prophylactic treatment with
      Tinidazole as a preoperative high and single dose is important for preventing
      postoperative infection in patients undergoing bowel surgery.

PMID- 3892976
TI  - [Interpretation of results of clinical studies for practical colon and rectum
      surgery].
AB  - Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery of the colon and rectum is principally
      useful. It should be administered only on the day of surgery. Stapling makes it
      possible to enlarge the indication for deeper rectal resection. In cases of deep
      rectal anastomoses in men bladder dysfunction has to be expected in a
      considerable percentage. Anal continence does not depend on the anastomotic
      technique but on the anastomotic level in relation to its distance from the ano
      cutaneous line and in consequence on the loss of reservoir capacity.

PMID- 3892977
TI  - [Follow-up study results of Bassini-Kirschner inguinal hernia operations].
AB  - During a 7-year period 686 adult male patients underwent Bassini-Kirschner
      operations for inguinal hernia. All patients received prophylactic physical
      therapy preoperatively, they were given elastic stockings and low-dose heparin
      therapy and all were ambulated on the first postoperative day. We used Mersilene
      for all sutures in 179 patients, Mersilene for the Bassini sutures and Dexon for
      the Kirschner sutures in 215 patients, sole Dexon sutures in 292 patients. Early
      and late complications occurred most frequently with nonresorbable (Mersilene)
      materials, less frequently with Dexon. We encountered recurrent inguinal hernias
      in 23 patients (4,7%). Review of relevant references indicates a recurrence rate
      of 2,6 to 14,8% with other methods.

PMID- 3892978
TI  - [Problems in the prenatal diagnosis of fetal microcephaly].
AB  - By the example of a case of lissencephalia the problems of prenatal diagnosis of
      the very rare, genuine fetal microcephalia are demonstrated: differentiation to
      pseudomicrocephalia, vague to missing midline echo, lacking possibility of
      radiological objectification.

PMID- 3892979
TI  - [Effect of oxytocin on renin activity and aldosterone concentration in plasma as
      well as blood pressure in late pregnancy and early puerperium].
AB  - The effects of a low-dose oxytocin infusion on blood pressure during late
      pregnancy and early puerperium are unclear, and its effects on the renin
      aldosterone axis are unknown. The present investigation was performed in 24
      pregnant subjects at term and in 14 women within five days after vaginal
      delivery, 10 and 7 of these subjects serving as controls (5% laevulose being
      infused without oxytocin). A slight but significant decrease of plasma renin
      activity was found during oxytocin infusion antepartum as well as postpartum. The
      decrease of aldosterone concentration in plasma was also significant during late
      pregnancy, but not during the puerperium. An increase of diastolic blood pressure
      was only observed antepartum. In summary, however, the changes of blood pressure,
      renin and aldosterone described in the perinatal period in normotensive subjects
      were small and without clinical importance.

PMID- 3892980
TI  - Chemical properties and immunobiological activities of streptococcal lipoteichoic
      acids.
AB  - Lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) were chromatographically purified from crude phenol
      water extract of whole cells of some streptococcal species, which included
      Streptococcus pyogenes Sv, Streptococcus mutans 6715, and Streptococcus sanguis
      ATCC 10556. Among these, special attention was paid to S. pyogenes LTA for
      analyses of chemical composition and biological activities. All LTA preparations
      contained equimolar amounts of glycerol and phosphorus. Chemical analyses showed
      that S. pyogenes LTA contained glycerophosphate, alanine, glucose, and fatty
      acids (as palmitic acid) at molar ratio of 1 : 0.1 : 0.1 : 0.25. The crude phenol
      water extract and isolated LTA from S. pyogenes Sv were found to be mitogenic for
      spleen cells of BALB/c and BALB/c (nu/nu) mice, but not for thymus cells of
      BALB/c mice. The mitogenicity of deacylated LTA (dLTA) was significantly lower
      than that of LTA. It was also found that various LTA preparations possessed
      polyclonal B cell activation ability and adjuvant activity both in vivo and in
      vitro, as demonstrated by using hemolytic plaque assay. LTA, but not dLTA,
      induced macrophage activation which resulted in tumor cytotoxicity in mice.
      Limulus lysate activity of S. pyogenes LTA was approximately 1,000 fold lower
      than that of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. These results indicate that
      streptococcal LTA possesses various immunobiological activities that modulate
      lymphoreticular system in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 3892981
TI  - [Immunity of the skin--infection and percutaneous immunization of rabbits with E.
      coli ATCC 13676].
AB  - After intracutaneous infection of rabbits with a suspension of E. coli which was
      followed by a transient local inflammation, the local and systemic immune
      responses were determined using the lymphocyte stimulation test (LTT) and the
      hemolysis plaque assay (HPA). Lymphocytes of the lymphatic system draining the
      infected skin area and blood lymphocytes were used. With lymphocytes derived from
      the local lymph nodes, a substantial increase of specific stimulation in the LTT
      was detected beginning at day 3 after infection and lasting up to the termination
      of the experiment (3 weeks). Blood lymphocytes were stimulated at a lower level:
      The activity showed a peak at day 4 and an elevated level only during a 10-day
      period. After the intracutaneous infection with E. coli, increasing numbers of
      antibody-releasing lymph node cells were detected in the HPA. The antibody
      secreting cells of the IgM and IgG classes clearly showed an increasing
      specificity for E. coli lipopolysaccharide coupled to sheep red blood cells. As
      with the LTT, the highest activities (values of specificity and number of plaque
      forming lymphocytes) were observed at the end of the experimental period. An
      emulsified preparation of a heat-inactivated E. coli culture (E. coli-BKS) which
      had been applied locally onto the artificially altered skin evoked a similar
      immunological response after a 2 or 3-weeks treatment. In such animals an
      increased activity of lymph node cells could be registered by LTT and HPA as
      compared to reactions from placebo-treated control animals. However, the topical
      immunization with nonviable E. coli stimulated not only lymphocytes which
      produced antibodies directed specifically against E. coli lipopolysaccharide as
      demonstrated by the HPA. An increased number of lymphocytes reacted even with
      native sheep red blood cells. This observations is discussed in respect of a
      polyclonal B-cell activation by lipopolysaccharide of the E. coli-BKS.

PMID- 3892982
TI  - [Cerebral revascularization (modified extra-intracranial anastomosis)].
AB  - Cerebrovascular diseases show a worldwide increase (in the U.S.A. alone about
      400,000 new diseases every year) and the average age of the affected patients
      decreases significantly. The extra-intracranial anastomoses has proved to be a
      prophylactic measure for preventing a cerebral infarction after TIA and an
      efficient therapy for the improvement of the situation of the apoplectic
      patients. Since, however, in cerebrovascular diseases the donor artery is usually
      also affected, a modification of the method and a simplification of the surgical
      technique have been developed. In this modification, an interponate for bridging
      the cerebral vessels and the main stem of the donor artery is used and because of
      its optional length the region affected by the insufficient blood circulation can
      be directly supplied. A report is given on the technique this of method, the
      reduction of the duration of the operation and the effectiveness of the
      intervention.

PMID- 3892983
TI  - [Solid-phase radioimmune and immunoenzyme methods for rapid quantitative analysis
      in microbiology].

PMID- 3892984
TI  - [The moving forces of an epidemic process from the viewpoint of the philosophy of
      dialectical materialism].

PMID- 3892985
TI  - [Immortalizing the names of microbiologists, epidemiologists and infectious
      disease specialists].

PMID- 3892986
TI  - [Detection of Shigella antigens in the feces of patients with acute intestinal
      diseases using a coagglutination reaction].
AB  - A total of 113 patients with acute intestinal diseases have been examined with
      the use of the coagglutination test. 84.95% of the patients showed the presence
      of different Shigella antigens. In patients with bacteriologically confirmed
      dysentery the corresponding Shigella antigens were detected in 96.97% of cases in
      S. sonnei dysentery, in 90% of cases in S. flexneri dysentery, in 75% of cases in
      S. newcastle dysentery and in 100% of bases in S. boydii dysentery. In 81.6% of
      patients with acute intestinal diseases of unknown etiology the coagglutination
      test revealed the presence of various Shigella antigens.

PMID- 3892987
TI  - [Use of the immunofluorescent microagglutination reaction for the intrageneric
      differentiation of the immune response in chlamydiosis].
AB  - The possibility of using, on principle, the immunofluorescent microagglutination
      test with Chlamydia fluorescent corpuscular antigen for the strain-specific
      differentiation of immune response induced by the causative agents of ornithosis
      (strain B), enzootic abortus ovis (strain EAE) and lymphogranuloma venereum
      (strain LV) has been experimentally demonstrated. The calculation of indices,
      characterizing the specificity of differences between the systems under
      comparison, by the method of S. Frasser and D. Berman (1965) has confirmed the
      significance of such differentiation.

PMID- 3892988
TI  - [Use of immunoenzyme analysis in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis].
AB  - The method for the preparation of antigen for ELISA and the technique of this
      assay are described. The comparative data obtained in the examination of 50
      donors and 95 children suspected to have toxoplasmosis, carried out with the use
      of immunofluorescence and ELISA, are presented. A good correlation between the
      results of the both tests has been shown.

PMID- 3892989
TI  - [Use of immunoenzyme analysis for controlling the activity of antisera to
      insulin].
AB  - Antisera to insulin were obtained from guinea pigs hyperimmunized with the use of
      Freund's adjuvant. To control the specific activity of antisera, the highly
      specific modern method of ELISA was used. Insulin was allowed to adsorb on the
      surface of the wells of polystyrene microplates, then consecutive dilutions of
      the tested antisera to insulin were placed into the wells. The insulin-antibody
      complexes thus obtained were detected by means of immunoperoxidase conjugate.
      Antibody titers in antisera obtained from different animals varied from 5 X 10(
      3) to 10(-5). A good correlation between the results obtained by ELISA and by
      radioimmunoassay was observed.

PMID- 3892990
TI  - [Gangliosides--cellular receptors for bacterial enterotoxins].

PMID- 3892991
TI  - [Allogenic bone graft in spondylodesis].

PMID- 3892992
TI  - Plasma fibronectin contributes to fibronectin in tissues.
AB  - Fibronectin is produced by several cell types, with hepatocytes currently
      recognized as the main source of plasma fibronectin. Mesenchymal cells produce
      fibronectin in vitro and probably do so even in vivo. But it is not clear if
      these cells represent the sole source of tissue fibronectin. In the present
      study, using direct and indirect immunofluorescence, fibronectin was found to
      occur ubiquitously in connective tissue in the rat. When 125I-labelled
      fibronectin was intravenously injected in rat, there was significant uptake of
      fibronectin in the tissues. The half-time for removal of labelled fibronectin in
      circulation was c. 15 hours. The authors conclude that flux of fibronectin occurs
      from plasma into the tissues and that in normal circumstances plasma fibronectin
      contributes to fibronectin in tissues.

PMID- 3892993
TI  - Extracellular fluid volume and distribution in relation to changes in plasma
      colloid osmotic pressure after major surgery. A randomized study.
AB  - This prospective randomized study deals with the changes in magnitude and
      distribution of the extracellular fluid volume (ECV) and the relation between
      such changes and the plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COPP) in patients having
      abdominal aortic surgery. Two groups of thirteen patients each received whole
      blood to replace the blood loss. One group (ALB) had additionally 80 g albumin
      administered on the day of operation and 20 g the following 3 days, the other
      group (NON-ALB) did not receive extra albumin. In the ALB group ECV decreased
      from 9.3 +/- 1.71 (= 147 ml/kg) to 8.4 +/- 2.01 (NS) on the first postoperative
      day (p.o.d.) and to 9.2 +/- 2.5 1 (NS) on the fourth p.o.d. In the NON-ALB group
      the preoperative ECV of 8.1 +/- 1.11 (= 125 ml/kg) was unchanged on the first
      p.o.d. and 8.4 +/- 1.41 (NS) on the fourth p.o.d. The differences between the
      groups were non-significant. The post-operative changes observed in ECV were not
      related to COPP in the range 33 mmHg to 21 mmHg. The ratio between plasma volume
      (PV) and ECV was 0.35 +/- 0.06 preoperatively in both groups. Postoperative
      changes were non-significant and no correlation between COPP and PV/ECV could be
      found. In the present study the distribution of ECV between plasma and
      interstitium was found to be independent of COPP in the interval 33-21 mmHg.
      Furthermore, no obligatory contraction or expansion of ECV occurred after major
      elective surgery.

PMID- 3892994
TI  - Prevention of postoperative deep venous thrombosis. Low-dose heparin versus
      graded pressure stockings.
AB  - In a prospective, controlled clinical study prevention of postoperative deep
      venous thrombosis by low-dose heparin (Heparin Leo 5 000 I.U. subcutaneously
      twice daily) was compared with graded compression stockings (TED stockings,
      Kendall Co.). One hundred and twelve patients, admitted during a period of one
      year for elective major surgery, were allocated to one of the two treatment
      groups. In order to detect deep venous thrombosis the 99mTc-plasmin test was
      performed before the operative procedure and again 5 days later. Ninety-seven
      patients completed the study (45 patients in the heparin group and 52 patients in
      the stocking group). Venous thromboembolism was detected in 4 patients (8.9%) in
      the heparin group and in 3 patients (5.8%) in the stocking group (p greater than
      0.05). In 6 patients the plasmin test was positive and one patient in the heparin
      group died following pulmonary embolism. It is concluded that graded compression
      stockings can be used as an alternative to low-dose heparin for prophylaxis
      against deep venous thrombosis in elective general surgery.

PMID- 3892995
TI  - Intravenous cholecystography and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute
      cholecystitis. A prospective comparative study.
AB  - In a consecutive series of 120 patients with clinically suspected acute
      cholecystitis, intravenous cholecystography and gray scale sonography were
      performed for comparative evaluation in a prospective study. Acute cholecystitis
      was diagnosed in 71 patients and gallstones without signs of acute cholecystitis
      in 12, while in 37 patients no gallstone disease could be detected. Intravenous
      cholecystography could not be performed in 28 cases because of jaundice, iodine
      allergy or pregnancy, and in ten other patients there was no proof of hepatic
      excretion of the contrast medium. Though the results in the cases with
      interpretable cholecystograms were excellent, the clinical usefulness was only
      68%. Ultrasonography was feasible in all cases and the accuracy was 93%.
      Ultrasonography has the additional advantages of noninvasiveness and no
      irradiation problems. Sonographic findings such as thickening of the gallbladder
      wall, distension, and tenderness on compression of the gallbladder were
      diagnostically helpful in acalculous cholecystitis and in distinguishing between
      acute and chronic gallbladder disease. Ultrasonography is recommended as the
      initial screening procedure in suspected acute cholecystitis.

PMID- 3892996
TI  - Indomethacin reduces raised intraluminal gallbladder pressure in acute
      cholecystitis.
AB  - Indomethacin was recently shown to have a potent analgesic effect on biliary
      pain. The underlying mechanism is not fully clear, although reduction of
      increased gallbladder pressure by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis had been
      suggested. For further clarification of this mechanism, the effect of intravenous
      indomethacin on the intraluminal gallbladder pressure was investigated in
      patients undergoing operation for acute cholecystitis. After laparotomy,
      gallbladder pressure was measured continuously during 25 min in 20 patients, 10
      of whom received 100 mg indomethacin intravenously, while 10 were untreated
      controls. High intraluminal gallbladder pressure was found in all patients.
      Indomethacin reduced the average pressure by 11% in 20 min, whereas the
      corresponding pressure in the controls was constant. The results indicate that
      acute cholecystitis is associated with substantially raised intraluminal
      pressure, and that the analgesic action of indomethacin on biliary pain may be
      attributable to a local effect on gallbladder function, resulting in reduction of
      intraluminal pressure.

PMID- 3892997
TI  - Problems of homeostasis in the injured patient.

PMID- 3892998
TI  - Nutritional problems in trauma.

PMID- 3892999
TI  - The role of complement in trauma.

PMID- 3893000
TI  - The response of the fibrinolytic system in trauma.

PMID- 3893001
TI  - Trauma and the lung.

PMID- 3893002
TI  - Experimental and clinical studies on adult respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 3893003
TI  - Significance of changes in lung water in the traumatized patient.

PMID- 3893004
TI  - Protein metabolism in the traumatized patient.

PMID- 3893005
TI  - A standardized human model of moderate trauma. Quantitative studies of glucose
      turnover during cholecystectomy.

PMID- 3893006
TI  - Endoscopic sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices. A clinical study.
AB  - Haemorrhage from oesophageal varices is a serious and feared complication of
      liver cirrhosis. One hundred and five patients treated for their first major
      variceal haemorrhage (VH) 1976-1979 were reviewed. Conventional therapy in a
      material with 60% Child class C patients with alcoholic cirrhosis resulted in a
      50% first bleeding and a 36% readmission mortality with a one year survival of
      30%. The conclusion was that the management schedule could be improved and that
      endoscopic sclerotherapy (ST) should be further evaluated. Conservative therapy
      and the addition of emergency and serial ST was compared in a prospective
      controlled trial in 107 unselected patients with major VH. Two-thirds belonged to
      Child's class C and 90% had alcoholic cirrhosis. Initial control of VH was
      obtained in 90% of all patients and the admission mortality was about 30%. The
      causes of mortality were mainly VH in 50 conservatively treated patients and
      hepatic failure and to VH unrelated causes in the ST-group (57 patients).
      Supplementary ST, a median of 6 sessions, succeeded in eradication of the varices
      in 34 of the 41 ST-patients discharged, failure was due to early death or
      continued alcoholism. Varices recurred in 5 patients during a 2-year follow-up.
      The number of rebleeds per observation month was overall decreased 3.6 times in
      the ST-group, but the survival was not prolonged. The effect of initial and
      serial ST on the mediastinal portalsystemic collaterals was investigated
      prospectively in 26 patients by repeated selective percutaneous transhepatic
      portography (PTP) and endoscopy. PTP was performed immediately prior to, and just
      after the first ST, showing reduced or inhibited contrast filling of oesophageal
      varices delineated on the pre-ST films in three-fourth of the patients. In 21
      patients, follow-up PTP was carried out a median of 8 months later, when the
      varices were eradicated by serial ST. In 17 patients PTP supported the endoscopic
      estimation of variceal eradication, one patient was found to have residual
      varices. These patients were followed for a year, two patients developed
      recurrent varices. This study showed that submucosal oesophageal varicose veins
      can be efficiently eradicated by serial ST with a low recurrence rate.
      Oesophageal necrosis with delayed perforation intervened in 4% of our ST-patients
      with fatal outcome. Complications were noted in 30% of the patients treated with
      ST, and were major in 18%, mainly ulcerations with bleeding and transmural
      necrosis. Strictures encountered in 15% of the patients were easily treated.
      Oesophageal manometry was performed in 31 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3893007
TI  - Higher plasma somatomedin A (biological) and C (immunological) levels with sc
      than with im growth hormone replacement therapy.
AB  - In a short-term cross-over study the effect of daily sc human growth hormone was
      compared with that of thrice weekly im treatment. At the end of each 6-week
      treatment period the 10 growth hormone deficient children were admitted to
      hospital for evaluation of diurnal plasma levels of hormones and intermediary
      metabolites. Somatomedin A as well as C levels were higher in 9 of 10 children
      after sc than after im growth hormone therapy. This may be the basis for previous
      observations of improved growth after change to sc treatment.

PMID- 3893008
TI  - Prolactinoma of the pituitary containing amyloid.
AB  - A transsphenoidal operation was performed in a 27 year old man because of a large
      intrasellar expansion and marked hyperprolactinaemia (33 000 mU/l). The tumour
      found in the operation bulged into the sphenoidal sinus and was extirpated. On
      histopathological examination the tumour consisted mainly of congophilic amyloid
      spherules with intermingled sparse adenoma cells. The adenoma cells were strongly
      positive for prolactin in immunoperoxidase staining, and in electron microscopy
      they contained secretory granules. Ultrastructurally the amyloid spherules
      consisted of masses of concentrical extracellular amyloid filament bundles.

PMID- 3893009
TI  - Insulin modulates the stimulation of renal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production by
      parathyroid hormone.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that there is an impairment in renal production of
      1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), the major biologically active metabolite
      of vitamin D3, in diabetes. This impairment is not due to a deficiency in the
      parathyroid hormone (PTH), a major stimulator of renal 1,25(OH)2D3 production.
      Therefore, we have investigated the capacity of PTH to stimulate 1,25(OH)2D3
      production in insulin deficiency and with insulin replacement. Experiments were
      performed in rats fed a 0.6% calcium, vitamin D sufficient diet for 2 weeks.
      Thyroparathyroidectomy was performed on all rats. Rats to be rendered diabetic
      were injected with streptozotocin immediately after surgery. In non-diabetic
      rats, PTH administration significantly increased renal 1,25(OH)2D3 production (11
      +/- 2 vs 46 +/- 5 pg/min/g; P less than 0.05). In diabetic rats, however, PTH
      caused only a modest increase in 1,25(OH)2D3 production (11 +/- 1 vs 19 +/- 4
      pg/min/g; P less than 0.05). With insulin replacement, PTH stimulation of
      1,25(OH)2D3 production was markedly increased over that seen in diabetic rats (48
      +/- 12 vs 19 +/- 4 pg/min/g; P less than 0.05). PTH was equally effective in
      raising serum calcium, depressing serum phosphorus and tubular reabsorption of
      phosphate in non-diabetic as well as in diabetic rats. These results demonstrate
      that insulin is necessary for the maximal stimulation of renal 1,25(OH)2D3
      production by PTH. However, insulin is not necessary for PTH action in terms of
      renal handling of phosphate and inducing hypercalcaemia. These results suggest
      multiple pathways for the action of PTH, only some of which are insulin
      requiring.

PMID- 3893010
TI  - Uterine pathology and infertility.
AB  - The authors describe the factors influencing implantation with reference to
      uterine pathology; the role that it plays both in the case of failure of
      implantation and in the case of repeated abortions is discussed and the
      techniques of treatment in the presence of uterine pathology affecting fertility
      are listed.

PMID- 3893011
TI  - Application of monoclonal antibodies for antigen mapping of male and female
      generative tissue.
AB  - With the single experiment of nature hindering the rejection of the fetus in the
      mother, new basic mechanisms of this immunological phenomenon can be studied. The
      technique of monoclonal antibodies provides a helpful tool for the study of
      membrane structural and cytoplasmic molecules. Hybridoma clones offer for the
      first time the possibility of obtaining unlimited amounts of almost pure
      antibodies or very high titers and of defined characteristics. The most common
      application with reproductive tract monoclonals are found as follows: 1) Immuno
      assays; 2) Immuno-diagnostics; 3) Imaging of tumors; 4) Immuno-therapy; 5)
      Induction of anti-idio-types; 6) Fertility control; 7) Application in basic
      studies and mechanisms. The following interesting results were obtained in this
      area: 1) The biological role of hormones can be critically analysed by the use of
      highly specific non-cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies. 2) A synthetic
      decapeptide earlier shown by our group to be reactive with naturally occurring
      human iso and autosperm antibodies demonstrated to be reactive with the
      monoclonal antibodies Ki VII-5 presenting potentials for an investigation of
      sperm as target of immunological contraception for possible diagnostic and
      therapeutic use in immunologic infertility. 3) A specific post fertilization
      development influencing antigen was identified by Menge using monoclonal
      antibodies. 4) Five hybridoma clones producing monoclonals to porcine zona
      pellucida were established, and showed a characteristic staining pattern of
      oocytes from human eggs, hamsters, rabbits and mice by immunofluorescence.

PMID- 3893012
TI  - [Pesticides].
AB  - This review introduces the most important groups of pesticides. The necessary
      application of pesticides involves advantages as well as risks for man and
      environment.

PMID- 3893013
TI  - Effect of selective PEEP on pulmonary blood flow following unilateral
      hydrochloric acid aspiration in the dog.
AB  - We investigated the effect of unilateral or bilateral positive end-expiratory
      pressure (PEEP) on pulmonary perfusion in 12 dogs with a hydrochloric acid
      aspiration injury of the left lung. The lungs were ventilated separately and PEEP
      was applied to the left lung at 10 cmH2O (1.0 kPa) in six and at 15 cmH2O (1.5
      kPa) in six others. Measurements of the right and left pulmonary arterial blood
      flows (QR and QL) and venous admixture were made before, during and after PEEP.
      After this study, 5 and 10 cmH2O (0.5 and 1.0 kPa) PEEP were applied to both
      lungs in six dogs and measurements were repeated. Following the application of
      PEEP to the left lung, a significant decrease in QL and increase in QR were
      observed. However, the application of PEEP to both lungs was followed by
      significant decreases in both QL and QR. The cardiac output decreased slightly
      during unilateral PEEP and markedly during bilateral PEEP. The venous admixture
      decreased significantly during PEEP in all the groups. These findings indicate
      that selective PEEP causes a transfer of pulmonary blood flow from the injured
      lung to the normal lung, improving ventilation-perfusion inequality, and improves
      gas exchange without impeding oxygen delivery.

PMID- 3893014
TI  - The effect of diazepam pretreatment on the succinylcholine-induced rise in
      intraocular pressure.
AB  - The influence of diazepam on some adverse effects of succinylcholine was studied
      double-blind. Thirty patients (ASA I-II) were allocated to groups receiving
      either diazepam 0.08 mg/kg or d-tubocurarine 0.05 mg/kg 5 min before a bolus of
      succinylcholine, 1 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively. Fasciculations were more
      frequent in the diazepam group (80%) than in the d-tubocurarine group (13%).
      Relaxation, onset and duration of neuromuscular blockade were comparable in the
      two groups. The rise in intraocular pressure after succinylcholine and
      endotracheal intubation was small (0.27 kPa = 2 mmHg) but significant (P less
      than 0.01) after diazepam pretreatment. In this group the rise in intraocular
      pressure was 50% lower than the rise seen in the d-tubocurarine group (P less
      than 0.01). We conclude that pretreatment with diazepam 0.08 mg/kg will reduce
      but not prevent a rise in the intraocular pressure after succinylcholine in a
      rapid sequence induction. In the management of patients with penetrating eye
      injuries the use of succinylcholine still carries some risk even after diazepam
      pretreatment.

PMID- 3893015
TI  - Continuous positive airway pressure increases vagal and phrenic nerve activity in
      cats.
AB  - To investigate how continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) changes the vagal
      nerve activity and whether CPAP alters the efferent phrenic nerve activity or the
      breathing pattern similarly before and after vagotomy, a study was made of vagal
      and phrenic nerve activity in chloralose-anaesthetized cats. In the vagal nerve,
      CPAP increased the mean impulse frequency during expiratory rest. The breath
      related impulse frequency also increased with CPAP. With higher CPAP (greater
      than or equal to 0.5 kPa), the peak of breath-induced activity in the vagal nerve
      lasted longer than inspiration. In the phrenic nerve, the impulse frequency in
      the bursts increased almost linearly with CPAP irrespective of whether the vagal
      nerves were intact or not. The duration of the phrenic nerve bursts decreased
      with increasing CPAP when the vagal nerves were intact. When the vagal nerves
      were cut, the burst duration did not change. The rate of breathing was almost
      unchanged by CPAP regardless of whether the vagal nerves were cut or not. The
      inspiration/expiration ratio decreased with increasing CPAP when the vagal nerves
      were intact, but not when they were cut.

PMID- 3893016
TI  - Early diagnosis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis in childhood by the enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - IgG antibody of cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) and serum IgM antibody were determined
      by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 3 patients with herpes
      simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE). The ELISA detected the early rise of IgG
      antibody for herpes simplex virus (HSV) in CSF on the 3rd/4th day from onset of
      symptoms and IgM antibody in serum similarly on the 3rd/4th day, respectively.
      CSF albumin, IgG index and daily IgG synthesis during the early phase of HSVE
      showed significantly high levels. However, there was no significant increase of
      complement-fixing antibody and neutralizing antibody for HSV of serum and CSF in
      2 of 3 patients. The ELISA turned out to be a more sensitive and convenient test
      for the early diagnosis of HSVE.

PMID- 3893017
TI  - Progressive, predominantly motor, uraemic neuropathy.
AB  - A severe rapidly progressive neuropathy is described in 4 young male adults with
      end-stage renal failure, 3 of whom had accelerated hypertension. The onset of
      symptoms developed after regular haemodialysis had been started and in all 4
      patients was closely associated with a septicaemic illness. In 2 patients, renal
      transplantation led to considerable clinical improvement, and in a third patient
      charcoal haemoperfusion halted further clinical progression of the neuropathy.
      This improvement was not reflected by the nerve conduction studies which remained
      grossly impaired. A possible ischaemic aetiology related to accelerated
      hypertension and septicaemia is suggested for this unusual variant of uraemic
      neuropathy.

PMID- 3893018
TI  - Immunohistochemical localisation of macromolecules of the basement membrane and
      extracellular matrix of human gliomas and meningiomas.
AB  - The distribution of type I, III, IV and V collagen in 35 gliomas and 20
      meningiomas was studied by indirect immunofluorescence staining. In addition, the
      presence of fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LN) is also reported. In gliomas
      expression of type IV collagen and LN was found in the vessel walls and
      associated with the endothelial glomerulus-like proliferations. FN and type V
      collagens were located in proliferating vessel walls in a pattern corresponding
      both to the basement membrane and the perivascular matrix around the vessels. In
      the extracellular matrix of grade III and IV gliomas occasional faint
      intercellular fluorescence was also observed with both FN and type V collagen.
      Type I and III collagens were localised in the vessel walls and in the
      perivascular connective sheet. Glioma cells did not express any of the antigens
      investigated. In meningiomas, type IV and V collagens, LN and FN were found in
      vessel walls, whorls formations and psammoma bodies. These stainings support the
      hypothesis of a vascular origin of these psammoma bodies which were only found in
      syncytial and transitional meningiomas. Both type I and III collagens were
      detected in the perivascular connective tissue. In general, meningioma cells and
      extracellular matrix did not express any of these molecules, except in
      transitional meningiomas where occasional fluorescence was observed in
      extracellular matrix with type V collagen and FN.

PMID- 3893019
TI  - Perivascular deposits of serum proteins in cerebral cortex in vascular dementia.
AB  - Immunocytochemical techniques were used to study the histopathologic changes in
      vascular dementia, i. e., both multi-infarct dementia (MID) and MID combined with
      Alzheimer changes (MID/SDAT). In eight of 13 of the dementia cases strongly
      immunostained deposits of plasma proteins were observed around numerous
      capillaries of layers I-IV of frontal grey matter. Each of these deposits
      contained albumin, prealbumin, IgG, C1q, C3c, and fibrinogen. No such deposits
      were found in any of the seven non-demented aged controls. In contrast, in white
      matter in both demented and normal aged control cases only weak immunostaining of
      serum proteins was observed which gradually decreased with the distance from the
      vessels. The presence of heavy deposits of serum proteins exclusively around the
      capillaries of the gray matter in cases with vascular dementia may indicate a
      defect of the cortical capillary system which might play a role in the clinical
      symptoms seen in vascular dementia. The enrichment of C1q within the deposits is
      intriguing as this might occur because of the binding of C1 through its subunit
      C1q to the antibody-antigen complex and thereby support a possible immunologic
      involvement in the formation of these deposits.

PMID- 3893021
TI  - S-100 protein in carcinoid tumours of appendix.
AB  - A series of 12 carcinoid tumours of the appendix were examined with regard to S
      100 protein immunoreactivity. All tumours were both argentaffin and argyrophil,
      and displayed immunoreactivity after application of a monoclonal antibody against
      serotonin. The S-100 protein immunoreactivity appeared in 11 of the 12 tumours,
      preferably in cells presumably of Schwann cell origin with long slender processes
      localized at the periphery of the carcinoid tumour buds. Immunoreactive cells
      with cytoplasmic processes were also seen extending between individual tumour
      cell in the tumour aggregates. In a few tumours S-100 immunoreactivity occurred
      in the cytoplasm of tumour cells with or without cytoplasmic extensions. The
      presence of S-100 protein immunoreactive cells, apparently as an integral
      component, and its shape and distribution indicate that the peripheral nervous
      system (PNS) is histogenetically involved in the development of carcinoid tumours
      of the appendix.

PMID- 3893020
TI  - Characterization of the perivascular reticulin network in a case of primary brain
      lymphoma. Immunohistochemical demonstration of collagen types I, III, IV, and V;
      laminin; and fibronectin.
AB  - The character of the silver positive reticulin network was analyzed with
      immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods in an intra vitam diagnosed case
      of primary brain lymphoma. The network was shown to contain connective tissue
      proteins rich in hexose-sugars, such as type III collagen (classical
      "reticulin"), basal lamina constituents type IV collagen and laminin,
      pericellular type V collagen, as well as fibronectin (protein involved in cell
      adhesion). On the other hand, very little of the fibrous type I collagen was
      discernible. Similarly as the silver positive network, the immunohistochemically
      demonstrable reticulum seemed to hold the cells in the perivascular location, and
      once it was broken diffuse spread into the tissue occurred. Since malignant cells
      of B-lymphocyte origin are not known to synthesize so-called reticulin, it is
      suggested that the network in primary brain lymphomas is produced by cells in the
      brain parenchyma (possibly pericytes or astrocytes) as a protective attempt to
      restrict the spread of foreign cells into the brain.

PMID- 3893022
TI  - Photon absorptiometry studies in osteoporosis.

PMID- 3893023
TI  - Porosities in a dental silver-palladium casting alloy.
AB  - Twelve single crowns were cast in a silver-palladium alloy by six different
      casting techniques. Polished sections of the crowns were inspected and
      photographically recorded by light microscopy. The area of the inspected section
      of the casting and the number and area of pores were recorded on the photographs
      by means of a digitizing table connected to a microcomputer. A great number of
      defects were observed unevenly distributed in all castings. Only small variations
      were observed between the various casting techniques.

PMID- 3893024
TI  - A new vaginal antifungal agent--butoconazole nitrate.
AB  - The continuously increasing incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis necessitated a
      search for novel therapeutic modalities. Butoconazole nitrate (BN) a new
      imidazole, has been singled out for clinical studies since, in experimental
      vaginal candidiasis, it proved more effective than either miconazole nitrate (MN)
      or clotrimazole. One hundred and thirty volunteers with vaginal candidiasis,
      verified by wet mount and positive fungal culture, were randomly assigned to
      receive daily, for 6 days, either 1% BN (44 patients), or 2% BN (45 patients)
      vaginal cream or 2% MN (41 patients) vaginal cream. The patients were comparable
      regarding age (85% were 18-39 years of age), gravidity and parity. Twenty-five
      per cent had a recent history of unsuccessfully treated fungal vaginitis. Eight
      days after completion of treatment, negative fungal cultures were found in 98% of
      the patients using 2% BN, in 91% of patients using 1% BN and in 83% using 2% MN.
      The recurrence rate of the disease was low; about 80% of patients using 1% and 2%
      BN and 68% of those using 2% MN were culture-negative 30 days after conclusion of
      treatment. Rapid relief of clinical symptoms was experienced by patients in all
      three treatment groups. No significant side effects of the treatment were
      observed in any of the treatment groups.

PMID- 3893026
TI  - Anuria complicating urethrocystopexy.

PMID- 3893025
TI  - Analgesia and maternal side effects of pudendal block at delivery. A comparison
      of three local anesthetics.
AB  - In a randomized double-blind study, 1048 women received pudendal block (PDB) at
      vaginal delivery, using three different local anesthetics: mepivacaine 1% plain,
      mepivacaine 1% with epinephrine, and bupivacaine 0.25% plain. The PDB was given
      transvaginally in doses of 8 ml X 2. Mepivacaine - epinephrine was found to be
      more effective than the other local anesthetics. Loss of bearing down reflex
      after PDB was found in 31.2% of the mothers and most commonly when mepivacaine -
      epinephrine was used. Inhibition of labor was slightly more pronounced with
      mepivacaine - epinephrine. The different durations of the local anesthetics did
      not affect the analgetic effect in clinical use. It is concluded that as the
      adverse effects on labor are quite common, PDB should not be given as a routine
      before delivery, but may be offered liberally when pain in the pudendal area is a
      main part of the pain of childbirth.

PMID- 3893027
TI  - Postero-lateral spine fusion. A 1-4-year follow-up of 80 consecutive patients.
AB  - We analysed 80 consecutive patients with postero-lateral spine fusion performed
      during the years 1972-1976. Thirty-seven were women and 43 men, the mean age
      being 30 (14-54) years. In 73 cases the fusion was performed because of
      spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and in seven because of some other form of
      painful instability. Preoperatively, all patients had pain in normal activities
      and 63 at rest. At the 1-5-year follow-up, eight patients were pain-free, while
      69 had stress pain and 35 pain at rest. The reduction of pain was significant; 51
      patients considered themselves improved, 18 unchanged and 10 worse. Twelve
      fusions united in less than 2 months, eight after more than 4 months, and two
      failed to unite. Patients under 20 years did better than older patients. The
      result was better when the fusion united within 4 months and also when the bone
      transplants were properly placed. We conclude that postero-lateral spine fusion
      can be advocated as treatment of painful spondylolisthesis and sometimes in low
      back instability in younger patients.

PMID- 3893028
TI  - Evidence of serum antibodies against inner ear tissues in the blood of patients
      with certain sensorineural hearing disorders.
AB  - In healthy human temporal bones, immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA) and the secretory
      component are demonstrated by two immunohistochemical methods in epithelial cells
      and in the lumen of the endolymphatic sac. The normal human inner ear does not
      otherwise show any localization of immunoglobulins. By means of indirect
      immunofluorescence, antibodies against healthy inner ear tissue were found in the
      serum of 15 out of 21 patients with double-sided progressive or fluctuating
      sensorineural hearing loss of undefined etiology. In 2 cases of Cogan's syndrome,
      it was also possible to demonstrate serum antibodies against epithelial
      structures of the cornea. The lymphocyte mitogen stimulation test performed with
      the fresh blood of 5 patients with positive detection of serum antibodies against
      healthy inner ear tissue was negative.

PMID- 3893029
TI  - Long-term toxicity of a hydrogelic occlusive device in the isthmus of the human
      oviduct. A light microscopic study.
AB  - Ten women applying for sterilization volunteered for a tubal blocking procedure.
      An occlusive device of gamma polymerized hydrogel, a P-block, was applied in the
      isthmic part of the oviduct by trans-cervical hysteroscopy. Bilateral expulsion
      occurred in three and unilateral in six subjects. Six patients became pregnant.
      The P-block was in position from one week to 32 months. Histologically, the
      reaction to the P-block was first erosion and acute unspecific inflammation.
      Later there was a histiocytic and foreign-body reaction due to dissolution of the
      hydrogel. When the P-block was expelled no changes were present in the material.

PMID- 3893030
TI  - Frequency of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates and antibodies to aspergillus
      antigens in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The frequency of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from sputum was assessed
      prospectively during a 22-month period in 156 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF)
      from one center, and findings were compared to a cross-sectional evaluation of
      specific IgG and IgA antibodies, occurrence of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      infection, and pulmonary function. The prevalence rate for the 22-month period
      was 40%. Positive A. fumigatus cultures appeared to be independent of the
      presence or duration of chronic bronchopulmonary Ps. aeruginosa infection, but
      isolation of A. fumigatus in patients with pseudomonas infection for more than 5
      years was associated with notably decreased pulmonary function. Levels of IgG
      antibodies to a 470,000 daltons A. fumigatus antigen fraction were higher in
      patients with positive cultures in the observation period than in those without.
      IgG antibodies to a 25,000-50,000 daltons antigen fraction were directly
      correlated to A. fumigatus frequency in patients with positive cultures both
      prior to and during the survey. On the other hand, levels of IgA antibodies to
      the 470,000 daltons fraction were inversely related to A. fumigatus frequency,
      suggesting a role of IgA antibodies in the bronchial clearance of aspergilli.
      Decreased pulmonary function was found to be associated with elevated levels of
      A. fumigatus antibodies. It is concluded that immune reactions elicited by A.
      fumigatus may play a role in clearance of the fungus from the airways but also
      may contribute to lung morbidity in some patients.

PMID- 3893031
TI  - The Ibc proteins of group B streptococci: isolation of the alpha and beta
      antigens by immunosorbent chromatography and test for human serum antibodies
      against the two antigens.
AB  - The Ibc protein fraction from group B streptococci contains at least two
      antigens, named alpha and beta. Rabbit antisera to each of these antigens were
      used to prepare affinity-purified alpha and beta antigens. Analysis of the
      purified antigens by SDS-PAGE showed at least three weakly stained proteins in
      the alpha antigen - and multiple protein bands in the beta antigen preparation.
      Conditions for optimalization of ELISA for testing of human serum antibodies
      against these antigens were investigated. When tested at a dilution of 1 in 200,
      ELISA activity corresponding to an OD405 greater than 0.2 was shown by 11.2 per
      cent of 157 blood donor sera in tests with the alpha antigen, and 77.7 per cent
      with the beta antigen. Increasing antibody activity against the alpha antigen was
      shown by a patient with septicaemia caused by an alpha antigen-producing strain.
      The antigens were immunoblotted and tested against human and rabbit antibodies.
      With the alpha antigen, antibodies from both species produced a diffuse stained
      area, and with the beta antigen multiple stained bands, some of which were
      colinear with the human and rabbit antibody. Thus, antibodies to the beta antigen
      of group B streptococci are present in a large proportion of the healthy
      population. These antibodies may be important in the protection against group B
      streptococcal disease.

PMID- 3893032
TI  - Mouse-protective antibodies against the Ibc proteins of group B streptococci.
AB  - Antiserum to each of the alpha and beta antigens of the Ibc protein fraction of
      group B streptococci was raised in rabbits. A possible protective effect of the
      antisera in mice challenged by group B streptococci was evaluated. Antiserum
      against each of the antigens significantly increased the survival rates of mice
      challenged by bacteria which produced the corresponding antigen, but not of those
      challenged by bacteria which produced only the heterologous antigen. Animals
      challenged with a strain which produced both of the alpha and beta antigens were
      protected by antiserum to the beta antigen but not by antiserum to the alpha
      antigen. In this case the effect of the anti-alpha serum was a postponement of
      death of the animals. The antisera showed no protection of animals challenged by
      a group B streptococcal strain which did not produce any of the Ibc protein
      antigens.

PMID- 3893033
TI  - Effect of monosaccharides and ethyleneglycol on the interaction between
      Escherichia coli bacteria and Octyl-Sepharose.
AB  - Combined effects of monosaccharides and reduced surface tension of the medium
      were studied in relation to the hydrophobic binding of Escherichia coli bacteria,
      with and without mannose-specific structures. Hydrophobic binding was analyzed by
      hydrophobic interaction chromatography on Octyl-Sepharose. The results showed
      that ethyleneglycol, as well as mannose, reduced the hydrophobic interaction of
      the bacteria with mannose-specific structures. This effect was potentiated by
      combining ethyleneglycol and mannose. No other monosaccharides tested (galactose
      and fucose) had any effect on the hydrophobic interaction of bacteria with
      mannose-specific structures. These results further strengthen the hypothesis that
      the mannose-specific interaction of Escherichia coli bacteria is, at least in
      part, mediated by hydrophobic forces.

PMID- 3893034
TI  - Interaction between human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and bacteria
      cultivated in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
AB  - A study was performed on one strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli K12D22) and on
      one strain of Salmonella braenderup (S. braenderup S2828). The physico-chemical
      surface properties of the bacteria were strongly influenced by oxygen supply,
      viz. anaerobic growth conditions resulted in increasing of hydrophobicity.
      Interaction between human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and bacteria, measured as
      chemiluminescence, was more efficient when bacteria had been cultivated
      anaerobically than when cultivated aerobically. The results show the importance
      of the surface hydrophobicity of bacteria in interaction with PMNL, and the role
      of the growth conditions of bacteria in that process.

PMID- 3893035
TI  - [Influence of German dispensaries of the 16th century on official drug usage in
      Hungary].

PMID- 3893036
TI  - Blood and brain n-pentanol in inhalation exposure.
AB  - Male Wistar rats exposed to 100, 300 or 600 p.p.m. n-pentanol vapour for 7 to 14
      weeks during five days weekly and 6 hrs daily showed a dose-dependent blood n
      pentanol concentration. The brain n-pentanol content was linearly related to the
      blood pentanol concentrations although this relationship changed after 14 weeks
      because the brain n-pentanol was significantly smaller than the respective values
      at 7 weeks. Valeraldehyde, the primary metabolite of n-pentanol, was only found
      in the brain at the highest vapour dose level. The liver n-pentanol dehydrogenase
      and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activities remained unchanged while kidney
      ethoxycoumarin deethylase activity was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner at
      both time points. Brain and muscle acetylcholinesterase activities were increased
      by the exposure dose-dependently after 7 weeks although this effect ameliorated
      after 14 weeks. Moderate n-pentanol vapour exposure seems to cause metabolic and
      functional adaptation in its target organs.

PMID- 3893037
TI  - The role of prostaglandins for the coordination of myometrial forces during
      labour.
AB  - Systematic studies using a superfusion technique for recording myometrial
      contractility in vitro have been conducted in our department to explore whether
      prostaglandins (PG) have a differential action on the different segments of the
      pregnant uterus and also whether the qualitative and quantitative response
      undergoes a change during spontaneous labour. Myometrial specimens were excised
      from the fundal area and from the lower uterine segment at elective caesarean
      section in the 39th week of pregnancy before commencement of labour and at acute
      caesarean section during ongoing labour. Before labour PGF2 alpha was without or
      had a very weak effect on upper segment preparations but was stimulatory on lower
      segment specimens. PGE2 and PGI2 generally induced a biphasic dose-dependent
      response (stimulation followed by inhibition). During spontaneous labour PGF2
      alpha and PGE2 always stimulated upper segment preparations while the contractile
      activity of specimens from the lower segment was inhibited by PGE2, PGF2 alpha
      was generally without effect. PGI2 had the same biphasic action before as during
      labour. With all reservations for the validity of in vitro experiments, the
      results favour the hypothesis that initiation of labour in the human involves a
      qualitative shift in the myometrial reactivity to prostaglandins. These
      alterations may involve suppression of expulsive forces and perhaps some
      tightening of the lower uterine segment during pregnancy. Following initiation of
      labour there is a marked increase in the excitatory action of both PGE2 and PGF2
      alpha in the fundal area while the lower uterine segment reacts in a way that
      favours dilatation.

PMID- 3893038
TI  - Has cervical smooth muscle any physiological role in the human?
AB  - Strips of human cervical tissue were obtained by needle biopsy and contractile
      activity was registered isometrically in a tissue chamber perfused by Krebs
      Ringer bicarbonate buffer. The most frequently encountered pattern of contractile
      activity was high frequency-short duration. Prostaglandin (PG)E2, PGI2 and 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha had an inhibitory effect on the muscular activity. Cervical muscle
      from pregnant women was more sensitive to PGE2 than specimens from non-pregnant
      women. PGF2 alpha had no apparent effect on cervical contractility in non
      pregnant and early pregnant patients. In late pregnancy, however, PGF2 alpha
      inhibited muscle contractions. The present results point to a physiological role
      of the cervical muscles for the control of cervical competence during pregnancy.
      The inhibitory effect of PGs on the muscle activity may promote cervical
      dilatation and retraction.

PMID- 3893039
TI  - Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on prostacyclin production in trophoblast.
AB  - In attempt to elucidate whether acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) has an in vivo effect
      on prostacyclin (PGI2)-like activity released from trophoblast we have evaluated
      PGI2-like activity in pregnant women scheduled for pregnancy termination after
      ASA ingestion. Following subjects were studied: Group I: 7 healthy pregnant women
      who were treated with 1.5 g ASA for two days; Group II: 18 control pregnant women
      who received placebo for two days. Trophoblast specimens were obtained by legal
      abortions; PGI2-like activity in trophoblast was measured by the method of
      Moncada. In normal pregnant women (8-10 weeks gestation) treated with ASA the
      mean PGI2-like activity of trophoblast significantly decreased compared to the
      controls. These data indicate that treatment with ASA of early pregnant women
      might have a harmful effect on trophoblast and the problem should be further
      explored before allowing the administration of cyclooxygenase inhibiting drugs
      during early pregnancy.

PMID- 3893040
TI  - Amniotic fluid beta-2 microglobulin in normal and complicated pregnancies.
AB  - Beta-2 microglobulin concentrations were measured in amniotic fluid samples
      obtained from normal pregnant women at various stages of gestation and
      complicated pregnancies during weeks 32-42 of gestation by the ELISA method. The
      concentration of beta-2 microglobulin in amniotic fluid increases markedly up to
      the 20-24th weeks of pregnancy and reaches a peak during the second trimester,
      occasionally reaching an eightfold value compared to the maternal serum
      concentration, while at term the values are similar. The decrease of amniotic
      fluid beta-2 microglobulin level in the third trimester reflects the maturation
      of foetal renal tubular function and suggests that this test may be of
      significance in determining foetal age. Our results revealing elevated
      concentrations of beta-2 microglobulin in patients with diabetes, toxaemia and
      placental insufficiency may indicate slower renal maturation of the foetus.

PMID- 3893041
TI  - Seasonal changes in blood lipids, adrenaline, noradrenaline, glucose and insulin
      in Norwegian reindeer.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, adrenaline,
      noradrenaline, glucose and insulin, as well as serum concentrations of
      triacylglycerols, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-bound
      cholesterol, were measured at intervals during a I-year period in Norwegian
      reindeer. Free fatty acids and glycerol were high in January-March, low in April
      July, and high again in August-September. Glucose was low in November-February
      and high but variable in March-October. Triacylglycerols, total and HDL-bound
      cholesterol were all low in November-March, but increasing in April and reaching
      a peak in August-September. Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline did not change
      significantly throughout the year. Plasma insulin was low in October-April,
      increasing significantly from June-August/September. The seasonal changes in the
      serum concentrations of triacylglycerols, total and HDL-bound cholesterol, as
      well as the plasma concentration of glucose, coincided with the seasonal changes
      in food intake. Free fatty acids and, to some extent, glycerol were, in contrast,
      inversely related to feed intake. It is suggested that insulin may play an
      important role in the long-term regulation of fat mobilization, while the
      importance of catecholamines in this respect is questionable.

PMID- 3893042
TI  - Effects of prolonged food restriction on some aspects of lipid metabolism in
      Norwegian and Svalbard reindeer.
AB  - The high-arctic Svalbard reindeer (SR) deposit great amounts of body fat in
      autumn for subsequent use during winter when food is often in short supply.
      Captive SR and, for comparative reasons, the sub-arctic Norwegian reindeer (NR)
      were offered 15% of their ad libitum food intake during a 21-day period in
      September/October and its effect on fat metabolism was investigated. Plasma free
      fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, glucose, insulin and urea as well as lipogenic and
      lipolytic activity of isolated adipocytes were determined. Levels of FFA and
      glycerol increased immediately when food intake was restricted, reaching the
      highest levels in SR. Plasma glucose was fairly constant in NR, but decreased in
      SR. Plasma insulin decreased in both species. Plasma urea increased steadily from
      day 5 in NR and from day 11 in SR, after a transient rise on day 1 in both.
      Lipogenic activity had vanished completely in both NR and SR adipocytes when
      tested after 13 days of food restriction, while lipolytic activity was initially
      increased, after which it decreased in adipocytes from both species. After 21
      days of food restriction SR adipocytes exhibited another marked increase in
      lipolytic activity, while the fat deposits of NR at that time were too small to
      allow examination. Thus, reindeer do not differ from other species in their
      lipogenic responses, although they show some hitherto undescribed lipolytic
      responses to prolonged food restriction.

PMID- 3893043
TI  - Dissociation between pancreatic islet blood flow and insulin release in the rat.
AB  - The blood flow to the pancreatic islets was estimated with the aid of
      microspheres in fed or starved (72 h) rats. The total pancreatic blood flow (PBF)
      in fed animals was 0.55 +/- 0.04 ml X min-1 X g pancreas and in the starved
      animals 0.30 +/- 0.04 ml X min-1 X g pancreas (P less than 0.001), and the
      corresponding islet blood flow (IBF) 82.0 +/- 12.4 and 50.5 +/- 9.7 microliter
      min-1 X g pancreas respectively (P greater than 0.05). Intraperitoneal injection
      of 2 ml of a 30% glucose solution caused a marked increase in IBF in both fed (P
      less than 0.05) and starved (P less than 0.01) animals to approximately the same
      level. The circulating insulin concentration remained unaffected by glucose in
      the starved rats but increased (P less than 0.001) in the fed rats, indicating
      that insulin release does not necessarily rise in parallel with an elevated IBF.
      Intraperitoneal injection of 2 ml of a 30% solution of mannoheptulose, an
      inhibitor of islet glucose metabolism, decreased the serum insulin concentrations
      although the serum glucose concentrations rose significantly in both fed (P less
      than 0.001) and starved (P less than 0.001) animals. This treatment, however,
      caused both IBF and PBF to increase significantly in both groups. The data
      support the view that islet blood flow is not necessarily related to the
      metabolic status of the islet cells or to the insulin release.

PMID- 3893044
TI  - [Psychological theories and treatments of erectile impotence].
AB  - The conceptual inaccuracies and the diagnostic difficulties encountered in the
      study of erectile impotence are underlined by the author. After a review and
      critique of the psychoanalytical and behavioral trends, of the "new sex therapy"
      and of cognitivism, the therapeutic methods which derive from these concepts are
      compared with each other. A particular attention is devoted to anxiety since its
      definition and prevalence varies considerably in the literature despite a
      misleading superficial similarity.

PMID- 3893045
TI  - Psychiatric illness among the mentally retarded. A swedish population study.
AB  - Object--The aim of this investigation was in the first place to study the
      relation between mental retardation and other mental disturbances. The second aim
      was to study the frequency of severe and mild mental retardation in an adult
      Swedish population and to throw some light on the socio-medical situation of the
      adult mentally retarded. Methods--A primary sample, stratified with respect to
      population density, was extracted from the population in the age group 20-60
      years, resident in Kopparberg County, Sweden, on 1 July 1977. The mildly and
      severely mentally retarded in this sample were identified. Enquiry was made into
      the presence of additional handicaps in the mentally retarded. Social conditions
      including alcohol consumption and the occurrence of abuse and criminality were
      studied in the two retarded groups and a control group representing the rest of
      the population. The three groups were compared by rating with the Comprehensive
      Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS), by classification of any mental illness
      present according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
      (DSM-III) and by determining their intake of psychotropic drugs and anti
      epileptics. The mildly mentally retarded and the control group were also compared
      with respect to neuroticism and extraversion-introversion by rating with the
      Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI). Results--The study revealed a prevalence of
      0.27% for severe (IQ less than 53) and 0.32% for mild (IQ 53-73.7) mental
      retardation in the age group 20-60 years. All the severely retarded, but only
      just over half the mildly retarded, were known to the care authority. The
      majority of the former were living in some form of institution, whereas this
      applied to only 15% of the mildly retarded. Nineteen per cent of the severely
      retarded and 4% of the mildly retarded had manifest epilepsy. Defects of movement
      and of hearing were most prominent among the mildly retarded, while the frequency
      of specific speech disturbances was greater among the severely retarded,
      approximately 10% of whom had no power of verbal communication. Visual defects
      were recorded in about one-third of both groups. The study showed that alcohol
      intake was lower among both the severely and mildly mentally retarded than among
      the persons in the control group and that the frequency of abuse and criminality
      was as high among persons of higher intelligence as among the mentally retarded.
      The severely retarded, particularly the men, showed a raised psychiatric
      morbidity as compared with the mildly retarded and the control group.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3893046
TI  - Doppler flowmetry in the lower thoracic aorta. An indirect estimation of cardiac
      output.
AB  - Duplex scanning of the lower thoracic aorta was performed on 67 patients
      subjected to routine left and right heart catheterization with estimation of
      cardiac output ad modum Fick. Adequate Doppler signals from the lower thoracic
      aorta were obtained in 59 patients (88%), 26 of whom had aortic valve
      abnormality. A high correlation was found between the Doppler and Fick findings
      (r=0.89), with a regression line intercepting close to zero (cardiac output =
      1.76 X Doppler flow +0.05). The presence of aortic valve abnormality did not seem
      to influence the accuracy of the Doppler flow results. It is concluded that
      Doppler flowmetry in the lower thoracic aorta is a useful method in estimation of
      resting cardiac output, especially in patients with aortic valve lesions making
      Doppler flowmetry in the ascending aorta impossible.

PMID- 3893047
TI  - The Leriche syndrome. A comparative investigation using angiography, computed
      tomography and ultrasonography.
AB  - Nine patients with Leriche syndrome were examined with angiography, computed
      tomography and routine abdominal ultrasonography. The diagnosis was readily
      obtained with angiography and computed tomography, while ultrasonography
      conducted with a linear array real time scanner failed to establish essential
      features of the disorder. This is mainly because the thrombosed portion of the
      aorta does not produce any striking alteration of the echo structure of the
      vessel. Contrast computed tomography defines the abnormalities of the aorta in
      great detail.

PMID- 3893048
TI  - Needle puncture followed by pneumocystography of palpable breast cysts. A
      controlled clinical trial.
AB  - In a prospective analysis of 123 consecutive patients the current clinical and
      mammographic criteria of a cyst of the breast proved well-suited as a basis of
      selection for pneumocystography. Only about 12 per cent of the punctured lumps
      were solid, 9.8 per cent of them benign and 2.4 per cent malignant. The
      therapeutic effect was satisfactory, 94 per cent of the cysts not showing any
      recurrence after pneumocystography during a 6-month follow-up period with
      repeated palpation and mammography one and 6 months after the aspiration. The 6
      per cent recurrences appeared within one month. The appearance of the aerogram
      was reliable in differentiating between a simple cyst and an intracystic lesion,
      whereas neither the tendency to recurrence nor the cytologic examination afforded
      a reliable basis of evaluation.

PMID- 3893049
TI  - Growth hormone hyperproduction inducing some of the vicious circles in diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 3893050
TI  - Venous function five to eight years after clinically suspected deep venous
      thrombosis.
AB  - One hundred and fifty-four patients, who had been subjected to phlebography 5-8
      years previously because of clinical suspicion of deep venous thrombosis (DVT),
      were investigated to evaluate the frequency of deep venous insufficiency (DVI).
      The evaluation included clinical examination, registration of subjective
      complaints and objective measurements with plethysmography, venous pressure and
      Doppler ultrasound. DVT had been present in 75 legs. There were no statistically
      significant differences between legs with and without earlier DVT apart from more
      venous outflow obstruction in the former. DVI was as common after calf vein
      thrombosis as after more proximal DVT. DVI was more frequent in elderly patients
      and in patients with a history of previous DVI or DVT. The sufficiency of the
      popliteal vein seemed to be of great importance in the development of DVI. More
      than one third of legs without DVT had developed DVI at follow-up.

PMID- 3893051
TI  - [Changes in urinary lysozyme in renal transplantation].

PMID- 3893052
TI  - [Prostatic adenocarcinoma. I. History of its treatment and study of its
      prognostic factors. Review of the literature].

PMID- 3893053
TI  - [Prostatic adenocarcinoma. II. Study of diagnostic methods. Review of the
      literature].

PMID- 3893054
TI  - [Prostatic adenocarcinoma. III. Results of radical treatment. Review of the
      literature].

PMID- 3893055
TI  - [Contribution of echography to the diagnosis of acute rejection in the immediate
      postoperative period following renal transplant].

PMID- 3893056
TI  - [Reno-ileal fistula as a complication of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis].

PMID- 3893057
TI  - Prenatal gliogenesis in the neopallium of the rat.

PMID- 3893058
TI  - Alcoholism and substance abuse in adolescents.

PMID- 3893059
TI  - [Data from biographical literature on the nutrition of children and adolescents
      in the 1st half of the 20th century].

PMID- 3893060
TI  - [Prevalence of keratoconus patients in Japan].

PMID- 3893061
TI  - [Effect of the tongue on the precision of the impression for complete lower
      dentures].

PMID- 3893062
TI  - [Gingival fluid during periodontal pocket healing].

PMID- 3893063
TI  - [Testicular tumors. Present status of the problem].

PMID- 3893064
TI  - Carcinoma in situ of the testis.

PMID- 3893065
TI  - [Testicular tumors in children].

PMID- 3893066
TI  - Techniques of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.

PMID- 3893067
TI  - Testicular cancer. Bibliography.

PMID- 3893068
TI  - [Etymological confusion in Japanese terms for the testis: past and present].
AB  - In Japan, two scientific words are used for the testis, SEISO and KOGAN. SEISO is
      the word accepted by most of the bioscience societies and etymologically means
      the nest of sperms. KOGAN, is a word of Chinese origin and mainly used by
      urologists. Its etymologic meaning is unclear. About one to two hundreds years
      ago, many classical Japanese books of medicine used EKIGAN the Chinese character
      of which is quite similar to KOGAN, and which etymologically was described as
      "pleasure balls of man" by a contemporary anatomist in Japan, although I presume
      it was intended to mean "a couple of balls, side by side". In order to avoid
      terminologic confusion, SEISO, the standard word used in many academic fields, is
      recommended for universal use not only in scientific papers but in daily language
      in Japan.

PMID- 3893069
TI  - [Transurethral ultrasonography for bladder tumor staging].
AB  - A transurethral ultrasonographic study of diagnosing the stage of bladder tumors
      was made on 35 cases whose pathological stages were confirmed by transurethral
      resection or total cystectomy. Ultrasonographic diagnoses were in accordance with
      the pathological stages in 29 (82.9%) out of 35 cases. Restricted to 12 cases
      whose histological findings were examined by total cystectomy, the accuracy was
      83.3%. Transurethral ultrasonography is considered to be a very useful method for
      bladder tumor staging.

PMID- 3893071
TI  - Programs and services for the deaf in the United States. Part III. Supportive and
      rehabilitative services.

PMID- 3893070
TI  - [A case of rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate in children].
AB  - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate in children is rare. This is a case report of a
      six-year-old boy with rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate who was admitted to our
      hospital, complaining of pain on urination and dysuria. Further examination
      revealed metastasis to the lungs and lymph nodes. He was treated with
      vincristine, actinomycin-D, cyclophosphamide, but this therapy was not effective.
      He died of respiratory failure due to the diffuse pulmonary and pleural
      metastasis of tumor, 41 days after admission. This is only the 9th reported case
      in Japan of rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate in a child.

PMID- 3893072
TI  - Programs and services for the deaf in the United States. Part IV. Research
      programs and services.

PMID- 3893073
TI  - Programs and services for the deaf in the United States. Part II. Educational
      programs and services.

PMID- 3893074
TI  - Chemical skin burns.
AB  - Copious lavage with water is the cornerstone of treatment for most types of
      chemical burns. Particularly dangerous are burns from hydrofluoric acid, which
      may act as both an alkali and an acid in its effects on the tissues. There are
      specific antidotes for certain types of chemical burns. For phenol burns,
      polyethylene glycol solutions are better solvents than water.

PMID- 3893075
TI  - Patient compliance.
AB  - Compliance is a highly individual phenomenon, and the decision to comply is a
      dynamic process. The physician who wishes to respond to compliance problems must
      offer behavioral strategies that are tailored to the individual patient and are
      continuously applied. Compliance behavior is complex and multifactorial. No
      single compliance-improving strategy is as effective as multiple approaches
      within the context of a good physician-patient relationship.

PMID- 3893076
TI  - Fever without a focus.
AB  - Bacteremia occurs in 3 to 4 percent of ambulatory young children with fever.
      Bacteremic children may not appear seriously ill or have an identifiable source
      of infection, but they are at risk of developing septic complications if they are
      not treated appropriately. The physician must be aware of clinical criteria that
      identify children at increased risk for unsuspected bacteremia. Careful
      management leads to a relatively safe and successful outcome.

PMID- 3893077
TI  - Doppler evaluation of aortic coarctation.

PMID- 3893078
TI  - History of the synthesis and pharmacology of isosorbide dinitrate.
AB  - A major research program in the University of Maryland School of Medicine,
      Department of Pharmacology, in the 1930s was the preparation of a large number of
      sugar alcohols and their anhydrides as substitute carbohydrates for diabetic
      diets. As an outgrowth of this work, many of these polyols were converted to
      their nitrate esters and investigated for their vasodilating properties. The
      organic nitrates that were synthesized were examined for their potency, duration
      of action, and possible therapeutic use. It was demonstrated that, contrary to
      prior belief, the depressor and vasodilating action was exhibited by their own
      molecular structure and not through hydrolysis and reduction to nitrite. The
      search for the finer mechanism(s) of action on the vascular musculature showed
      that these nitrated polyols and their anhydrides inhibited arterial adenosine
      triphosphatase, although this enzyme inhibition did not correlate with
      pharmacologic activity. Today the mechanism of action of these drugs is not
      clearly understood at the cellular level. The 1,4:3,6-dianhydrosorbitol 2,5
      dinitrate (isosorbide dinitrate) was synthesized, studied, and reported in 1940.
      It appeared to be a useful drug because blood levels of the unhydrolyzed ester
      were found to persist for long periods of time. Subsequent clinical studies in
      the 1960s demonstrated its prophylactic value in angina pectoris and its
      prolonged action as a therapeutic asset. In 1967 the mononitrate was shown to be
      formed in vivo when the dinitrate was administered orally and has been studied as
      the possible pharmacodynamically active moiety.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3893079
TI  - Arteriographic demonstration of the release of coronary artery spasm by
      isosorbide dinitrate: a twenty-five-year retrospective.
AB  - It has been 25 years since my colleagues and I were first approached to apply the
      then newly emerging technique of coronary arteriography to the study of the
      effects of the new vasodilator isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) on coronary arteries
      in vivo. Through a combination of careful patient assessment and serendipity, we
      were able to visualize the prompt release of coronary artery spasm by ISDN.
      Ensuing years have seen dramatic advances both in angiographic techniques and in
      the knowledge of ISDN efficacy. This review will briefly summarize the early work
      with ISDN and detail how the improvements in cineangiography have fostered better
      understanding of the actions of ISDN.

PMID- 3893080
TI  - Isosorbide dinitrate and exercise performance in patients with congestive heart
      failure.
AB  - Nitrates are widely used for the management of congestive heart failure (CHF), as
      well as angina pectoris. In both situations, nitrates significantly increase
      exercise capacity. The mechanism of this beneficial effect is unclear, especially
      in CHF. Isosorbide dinitrate reduces pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)
      after a first dose. The improvement in exercise capacity is not apparent in the
      short term but is evident after long-term nitrate administration. Nitrates do not
      affect hemodynamics at maximal exercise but do reduce PCWP during submaximal
      exercise in patients with CHF. This observation, in addition to increased oxygen
      extraction at peak exercise during nitrate administration, suggests a "training
      like" peripheral effect of nitrates in CHF. Lowering of PCWP by nitrates may be
      important, since vasodilators that do not reduce PCWP also do not improve
      exercise capacity in CHF. How PCWP influences exercise performance in CHF is
      unknown, but the mechanism may relate to effects of PCWP on pulmonary
      hemodynamics more than on ventilation and blood oxygenation.

PMID- 3893081
TI  - Role of isosorbide dinitrate in management of chronic congestive heart failure.
AB  - Congestive heart failure is accompanied by a number of compensatory mechanisms
      that may overshoot the mark. Among these are excessive arteriolar and venous
      constriction. Nitrates are effective in producing venodilation, redistributing
      blood from the chest to the periphery, and lowering right and left atrial
      pressures. Although oral isosorbide dinitrate is effective in producing acute
      beneficial hemodynamic effects, it usually does not increase exercise tolerance
      in the short term. Prolonged administration, however, does increase exercise
      tolerance and improve clinical class. Isosorbide dinitrate can be effectively
      combined with an arteriolar dilator such as hydralazine, which increases cardiac
      output. Such vasodilator therapy is symptomatically effective in patients with
      heart failure, although there is no evidence to date to suggest a prolongation of
      life.

PMID- 3893082
TI  - Combination therapy with isosorbide dinitrate: current status and the future.
AB  - The excellent safety and predictable efficacy of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) have
      been demonstrated repeatedly during the past 25 years in a number of studies in
      which the agent has been used alone or in combination with other antianginal
      agents. Clinical studies to investigate the additive or synergistic effect of
      ISDN have been difficult to conduct because of the complexity of protocol design
      and length of studies required. However, combination therapy is well accepted in
      the clinical practice of medicine and cardiology and is used to obtain additive
      therapeutic effects while minimizing the side effects. The addition of ISDN not
      only to other standard and proven antianginal agents but also to calcium
      antagonists should prove to be a fruitful area for further clinical research
      benefiting patients with angina pectoris (caused by either coronary artery spasm
      or occlusive coronary artery disease), hypertension, and congestive heart
      failure. Noncardiovascular uses of ISDN may include the treatment of
      hyperspasticity of other smooth muscle beds, such as esophageal spasm and
      achalasia.

PMID- 3893083
TI  - Drug cost burden on the elderly: government, corporations helping out.

PMID- 3893084
TI  - Therapeutic inequivalence of pharmaceutical alternates.

PMID- 3893085
TI  - Doppler diagnosis of valvular aortic stenosis in patients over 60 years of age.
AB  - Twenty-five consecutive elderly patients with suspected aortic stenosis underwent
      continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography followed by cardiac catheterization.
      Doppler-derived calculations of peak and mean aortic valve gradients were
      compared with catheterization-derived values of peak-to-peak, peak and mean
      gradients. The best correlation was found between Doppler- and catheterization
      derived mean gradients (r = 0.89). A Doppler-derived measure of the timing of
      peak aortic flow velocity (modified time-to-peak velocity/modified left
      ventricular ejection time) successfully separated those with gradients above or
      below 50 mm Hg and also helped to avoid over- or underestimation of aortic valve
      gradients by Doppler.

PMID- 3893086
TI  - Paul Dudley White: to know him better.

PMID- 3893087
TI  - Remembrances of Paul Dudley White.

PMID- 3893088
TI  - Subcostal window: a new portal for recording continuous-wave Doppler aortic flow
      velocities.

PMID- 3893089
TI  - A methodological review of case studies published in the American Journal of
      Clinical Hypnosis.

PMID- 3893090
TI  - Treatment of cervical headache with hypnosis, suggestive therapy, and relaxation
      techniques.

PMID- 3893091
TI  - A history of the founding of the American Board of Medical Hypnosis.

PMID- 3893092
TI  - Biennial survey of physician clinical nutrition training programs.
AB  - A survey was conducted of 50 medical centers providing postgraduate clinical
      training in nutrition. Each program director completed a questionnaire that
      requested information on major program affiliations and interests, available
      positions, number of trainees, sources and level of funding, and general aspects
      of the curriculum. The results are assembled into a geographic listing of the 50
      centers, and the tabulated data provides a current profile of postgraduate
      clinical training in nutrition.

PMID- 3893093
TI  - Energy metabolism during the postexercise recovery in man.
AB  - In order to explore the magnitude and duration of the long-term residual effect
      of physical exercise, a mixed meal (55% CHO, 27% fat and 18% protein) was given
      to 10 young male volunteers on two occasions: after a 4-h resting period, and on
      the next day, 30 min after completion of a 3-h exercise at 50% VO2max. Energy
      expenditure and substrate utilization were determined by indirect calorimetry for
      17 h after meal ingestion. The fuel mix oxidized after the meal was characterized
      by a greater contribution of lipid oxidation to total energy expenditure when the
      meal was ingested during the post-exercise period as compared with the meal
      ingested without previous exercise. During the night following the exercise, the
      stimulation of energy expenditure observed during the early recovery period
      gradually faded out. However, resting energy expenditure measured the next
      morning was significantly higher (+4.7%) than that measured without previous
      exercise. It is concluded that intense exercise stimulates both energy
      expenditure and lipid oxidation for a prolonged period.

PMID- 3893094
TI  - Comparative sensitivity of different methods to detect and quantify circulating
      fibrinogen/fibrin split products.
AB  - This study compared the sensitivity of three methods: staphyloccocal clumping
      test, SCT (Sigma and Calbiochem-Behring, CBC, reagents); Thrombo-Wellcotest
      (TWT); and Dade fibrinogen degradation products detection set, to quantify
      fibrinogen/fibrin split products (FSP) in blood samples from 696 patients and 124
      normal donors using fibrinogen as the reference value. The Dade method gave
      quantitative results closely approaching the stated amount of fibrinogen. The SCT
      using Sigma reagents gave higher "fibrinogen" values, while the CBC reagents gave
      markedly lower "fibrinogen" values. The TWT detected only 25% of the fibrinogen
      standard. Detection of FSP following plasmin digestion of fibrinogen varied
      considerably for each test. The TWT, insensitive to most of the native
      fibrinogen, detected most of the FSP following only 15 minutes of plasmin
      digestion. In contrast, both assays relying on the SCT were completely negative
      after 24 hours of plasmin digestion. All four methods yielded FSP titers of less
      than 10 micrograms/mL in 97 (78.2%) of 124 blood samples from normal donors. The
      SCT Sigma reagents consistently gave results of less than 10 micrograms/mL in all
      normal donors. No instance of an FSP value greater than 40 micrograms/mL was
      noted for the 124 normal donors. Of the 696 patient blood samples tested, the
      Dade assay gave the highest or equally highest (with respect to another FSP
      method) value in 604 (87%) cases; the Sigma SCT did so in 360 (52%); the TWT in
      316 (45%); and the CBC assay in 184 (26%) cases. The Dade test classified the
      largest number of blood samples, 328 (47.1%), in the greater than 10 less than 40
      micrograms/mL titer category; however, the proportion of cases (32.2%) in which
      this test yielded values greater than 40 micrograms/mL was about the same as
      those produced by the Sigma SCT (29.9%) and TWT products (25.8%). Thus, with the
      exception of the normal (less than 10 micrograms/mL) and the suspicious (10-40
      micrograms/mL) range, all three methods (Dade, Sigma, and TWT) are comparable in
      their abilities to detect abnormal levels of FSP. In the normal range, the Dade
      method will yield results that are frequently in the suspicious range. The CBC
      was noticeably inferior in detecting both suspicious and frankly abnormal values
      of FSP. Eight patients with acute leukemia were monitored sequentially with FSP
      and fibrinopeptide A (FpA) assays during their first course of chemotherapy. In
      all instances, elevated FpA levels correlated with elevated FSP values, as
      determined by the Dade, Sigma, or TWT assays.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3893095
TI  - Neonatal metrizamide gastrointestinal series in suspected necrotizing
      enterocolitis.
AB  - The diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates may be made by
      clinical presentation, roentgenographic findings, or a combination of both.
      Diagnosis leads to immediate treatment including nasogastric suction, parenteral
      antibiotics, plasma, and close monitoring of clinical, roentgenographic, and
      laboratory findings. Occasionally, neither the clinical nor plain
      roentgenographic appearance of an infant allows the diagnosis of NEC to be made
      or excluded with confidence. In such infants portable isotonic metrizamide
      gastrointestinal (GI) series were used to help make the decision of whether to
      begin treatment for NEC or to continue feeding the patient. Of 15 patients
      examined, two exhibited signs of NEC and were successfully treated medically
      without GI (tract) sequelae. Twelve neonates had normal results of metrizamide GI
      series and ten were immediately fed with no GI complication. One of these 12
      infants had feedings withheld for several days as a result of a positive blood
      culture. One infant with severe cardiac and pulmonary disease had profound
      adynamic ileus and could not be fed. We have found the metrizamide GI series to
      be a useful study in neonates suspected of having NEC.

PMID- 3893096
TI  - Gastrobronchial fistula: case report and review of the English literature.
AB  - A 75-year-old woman developed an esophagopleural fistula after distal esophageal
      resection of a stricture in 1969. In 1981, she presented with postprandial
      coughing, malaise, and anorexia. A barium study of the upper intestinal tract
      showed a gastrobronchial fistula. Closure of the fistula rendered her
      asymptomatic. The literature of this subject is reviewed and discussed.

PMID- 3893097
TI  - Summary of the Gastrointestinal Drugs Advisory Committee meeting--March 21 and
      22, 1985.

PMID- 3893098
TI  - A comparison of pregnancy history recall and medical records. Implications for
      retrospective studies.
AB  - Using data from the Diethylstilbestrol-Adenosis (DESAD) Project, a study of the
      effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure during fetal life, the authors
      compared prenatal records with obstetric history from mother's questionnaires
      completed 10 or more years after the birth of their daughters. Except for the
      history of hospitalization and trunk x-ray, no differences were observed in
      agreement (questionnaire compared with record) between the group of DES-exposed
      mothers identified through review of their prenatal records and the comparison
      group of mothers who were not exposed. The authors also compared data from
      mothers of DES-exposed daughters who initiated their own enrollment in the study
      (walk-ins and referrals). To obtain prenatal records for these women, physicians
      were contacted. They would usually supply drug exposure data but not the other
      obstetric history requested. Mothers of these walk-ins and referrals had slightly
      better agreement between questionnaire and records when compared with the two
      groups identified by review of prenatal records. In general, there was good to
      excellent agreement for all groups when mothers' recall of personal history (past
      miscarriage, past pregnancy, etc.) was compared with their medical records.
      However, for medical intervention such as drugs and x-rays, agreement was poor.
      Of the DES-exposed mothers identified through review of their prenatal records,
      29% could not remember whether they took DES. An additional 8% said they did not
      take DES when it was recorded in their charts.

PMID- 3893099
TI  - A woman's age: childbearing and child rearing.

PMID- 3893100
TI  - The epidemiologic basis for the notification of subjects of cohort studies.

PMID- 3893101
TI  - Assessment of angina pectoris after myocardial infarction: comparison of "Rose
      Questionnaire" with physician judgment in the Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial.
AB  - The London School of Hygiene Cardiovascular Questionnaire (Rose Questionnaire)
      was compared with physician opinion in assessment of angina pectoris in the Beta
      Blocker Heart Attack Trial, a long-term (June 1978-October 1981), multicenter
      study of 3,837 post-myocardial infarction patients, half of whom were treated
      with propranolol and half with placebo. At baseline, about three times as many
      patients were thought to have angina by the physician as were diagnosed by the
      Questionnaire (36.1% vs. 11.5%). Over the average 25-month follow-up period,
      angina was identified by the physician 50% more often than by the Questionnaire
      (60.3% vs. 38.6%). The results for each treatment group (propranolol or placebo)
      were very similar to these overall results. Associations between diagnosis of
      angina and other patient characteristics were similar for the two measures at
      baseline. Although the physician diagnosis of angina identified more patients who
      suffered a subsequent fatal or nonfatal event than did the Questionnaire, it also
      diagnosed more angina patients who did not have an event. Thus, each of the
      measures of angina predicted total mortality and coronary heart disease mortality
      to similar extents (comparable relative risks), even after adjustment for
      covariates. Neither measure was significantly predictive of recurrent nonfatal
      myocardial infarction. One measure is not clearly superior to the other in this
      population. Other factors, such as cost and type of personnel available to
      conduct the study, may determine which measure is preferred.

PMID- 3893102
TI  - The eradication of communicable diseases: myth or reality?

PMID- 3893103
TI  - Markers of Venezuelan encephalitis virus which distinguish enzootic strains of
      subtype I-D from those of I-E.
AB  - Strains of Venezuelan encephalitis virus isolated from enzootic habitats during
      interepizootic periods in Middle America and northern South America can be
      distinguished from each other antigenically by hemagglutination inhibition. This
      test has provided the basis for the classification of these virus strains into
      subtypes I-E and I-D, respectively. Virus strains of these two subtypes have been
      found to differ profoundly with respect to virulence for English short hair
      guinea pigs. Studies are described which confirm that virus strains of the I-D
      subtype are guinea pig virulent, and that virulence is not the result of
      cocycling subpopulations of epizootic subtype I-AB or I-C virions. Two additional
      markers were found which distinguish subtype I-D and I-E Venezuelan encephalitis
      virus strains. Firstly, hydroxylapatite chromatography of intact virions at pH
      6.5 showed differential elution of I-D and I-E prototype strains. Virions of
      subtype I-D strains eluted at 0.08 to 0.11 M phosphate, while those of subtype I
      E strains eluted at 0.15 to 0.20 M phosphate. Secondly, the isoelectric points of
      the E1 envelope glycoproteins of the I-D and I-E prototype strains were
      significantly different; pH 6.85 to 7.00 and pH 7.25 to 7.30, respectively. There
      was no significant difference in the isoelectric points of the E2 envelope
      glycoproteins. These distinguishing characteristics most likely reflect a
      fundamental difference in virion surface structure.

PMID- 3893104
TI  - Person-to-person transmission in an outbreak of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli.
AB  - In the summer of 1981, an outbreak of diarrhea occurred in students and staff at
      a school for mentally retarded adults and children in Columbia, Missouri. Forty
      one (48%) of 86 students and 38 (28%) of 137 staff members in the two dormitories
      with the lowest functioning students were ill. Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli
      0124:H30 was isolated from 20 persons including six staff members, 13 students,
      and the ill mother of one of the students. Contact with students was associated
      with illness. Thirty-eight (33%) of the 115 student-care staff members and none
      of the 22 nonstudent-care staff members who worked in the two dormitories were
      ill (p = 0.004, chi-square). In the dormitory with the most dependent students,
      illness in student-care staff was associated with the number of contacts with ill
      students and with having taken a student home during the outbreak. Control
      measures to interrupt transmission included separation of symptomatic or culture
      positive students from those who were well, and emphasizing handwashing. The
      authors present these findings as the first report of person-to-person
      transmission in an outbreak of enteroinvasive E. coli.

PMID- 3893105
TI  - Cyclosporine-steroid combination therapy in 84 cadaveric renal transplants.
AB  - Sixty-three primary and 21 retransplant cadaver kidney allografts were placed in
      77 patients over a one-year period with three- to six-month follow-up. Eight
      primary grafts (12.7%) and six retransplants (28.6%) were lost to rejection.
      Patient mortality was 3.9%. There were no grafts lost and no deaths due to
      opportunistic infections. Renal function at 6 months after transplantation was
      similar in all primary transplant recipients regardless of risk factors,
      including advanced age, diabetes, or the need for postoperative dialysis.

PMID- 3893106
TI  - Results of the Minnesota randomized prospective trial of cyclosporine versus
      azathioprine-antilymphocyte globulin for immunosuppression in renal allograft
      recipients.
AB  - Between September 26, 1980 and June 8, 1984, 246 splenectomized, transfused renal
      allograft recipients were randomized to treatment with either cyclosporine (CsA)
      prednisone (n = 131) or azathioprine (Aza)-prednisone-antilymphocyte globulin (n
      = 115). On December 31, 1984, actuarial patient survival rates at three years
      were 89% in the CsA group and 90% in the Aza group, and the corresponding graft
      survival rates were 82% and 79% (statistically insignificant differences). The
      results were also compared separately in diabetic and nondiabetic patients and in
      recipients of related and cadaver donor grafts; only in the subgroup of diabetic
      recipients of cadaver kidneys were the differences in graft survival rates
      significantly different between CsA- and Aza-treated patients. The incidence of
      posttransplant acute tubular necrosis was similar in CsA- and Aza-treated
      patients (33% v 27%), but the duration was significantly longer in CsA- than in
      Aza-treated recipients (15.7 +/- 18.4 v 7.7 +/- 3.0 days). Rejection episodes and
      infections (particularly CMV) occurred significantly less frequently in CsA- than
      in Aza-treated patients. Mean serum creatinine levels were significantly higher
      in CsA- than in Aza-treated recipients (2.0 +/- 0.6 v 1.5 +/- 0.5 mg/dl).
      Treatment of hypertension and hyperkalemia was required significantly more
      frequently in the CsA-treated patients than in the Aza-treated patients. Initial
      mean hospitalization time was significantly shorter in the CsA group than in the
      Aza group (15.6 +/- 9.5 v 19.8 +/- 10.7 days). In the CsA group, 19% of the
      patients were switched to Aza and 35% had Aza added to their regimen with a
      concomitant lowering of the CsA dose because of nephrotoxicity. The results of
      our randomized trial are at variance with those of others in that the graft
      survival rates in our trial were not different between CsA and Aza-treated
      patients, primarily because our conventionally-treated patients had a higher
      graft survival rate than in the other trials. The advantages of CsA (fewer
      rejection episodes, fewer infections, shorter hospitalization) outweigh the
      disadvantages (higher serum creatinine, more hypertension), and thus we believe
      it should be used in most renal allograft recipients, perhaps in combination with
      Aza so that a lower dose of CsA can be used and the side effects minimized--a
      regimen that we are currently evaluating.

PMID- 3893107
TI  - Occasions for cyclosporine in the management of various renal transplant
      situations.

PMID- 3893108
TI  - Impact of cyclosporine on cadaveric renal transplantation: a summary statement.
AB  - CsA has now been used in this country for about four years and has been widely
      available for a little more than one year. Both the experience of those centers
      that have been using it longest, and total US national experience, suggest that
      CsA is now, with the sole exception of recipients matched for both HLA-DR
      antigens, the immunosuppressive of choice for all cadaveric renal allografts,
      conferring approximately a 10% advantage in graft survival. The advantages of CsA
      seem particularly apparent in the management of high-risk patients such as those
      over 50 years old and those with diabetes. CsA appears to reduce the frequency of
      rejection episodes and to permit reduction of steroid dosage. These factors,
      together with the improved graft survival rate, may contribute to a substantially
      higher rate of patient rehabilitation. The role of transfusion and HLA matching
      in association with CsA remains somewhat controversial. While large multicenter
      studies show the continued importance of both transfusion and optimal HLA
      matching, it has been argued that avoidance of pretransplant transfusions has
      avoided presentation of potential recipients, and that simplification of matching
      requirements has saved money and has permitted speedier transplantation of
      patients, favoring improved rehabilitation. Careful monitoring of the experience
      with this major new immunosuppressive agent over the next several years may
      answer these remaining questions.

PMID- 3893110
TI  - Reflections on clinical pharmacy's first 20 years.

PMID- 3893109
TI  - Posttransplant risks of cyclosporine: Nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 3893111
TI  - Unusual cause of short stature.
AB  - A 24-year-old man evaluated for paresthesias and short stature was found to be
      hypocalcemic on initial presentation. Further evaluation showed that he had a low
      normal parathormone level by amino-terminal assay, medullary stenosis of the long
      bones, and multiple ophthalmologic abnormalities. The remainder of his pituitary
      function, including growth hormone response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, was
      normal. As no family history of similar findings was evident, a sporadic case of
      Kenny's or Kenny-Caffey syndrome was diagnosed. He became normocalcemic in
      response to vitamin D and calcium carbonate therapy. The results of testing in
      this patient and the findings in other patients previously described with the
      Kenny-Caffey syndrome are reviewed.

PMID- 3893112
TI  - Treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic marrow
      transplantation. Randomized study comparing corticosteroids and cyclosporine.
AB  - Seventy-seven patients (age 12 to 46 years) who underwent allogeneic marrow
      transplantation for hematologic malignancy or aplastic anemia and who had grade
      II to IV acute graft-versus-host disease despite methotrexate prophylaxis were
      randomly assigned to receive methylprednisolone 2 mg/kg per day intravenously (n
      = 39) or cyclosporine (n = 38) either 12 to 15 mg/kg per day orally or 3 to 5
      mg/kg per day intravenously. In both groups, clinical and histologic evidence of
      graft-versus-host disease was detected at medians of 16 and 25 days,
      respectively. Drugs were given for a minimum of 14 days unless significant
      deterioration occurred. If graft-versus-host disease did not improve with this
      therapy, treatment with a second agent was initiated. Treatment responses were
      scored after reviewing clinical and laboratory data collected before, during, and
      after the 14-day treatment period. Possible scores were as follows: -1, worse; 0,
      no change; + 1, improvement in one organ system (skin, liver, gut) with no
      deterioration in the other two; +2, complete resolution of all involved systems.
      The median response score among 39 methylprednisolone-treated patients was 0.
      Sixteen patients (41 percent) showed response to treatment, 11 with partial and
      five with complete response. The median response score among 38 cyclosporine
      treated patients was +1. Twenty-three patients (61 percent) showed response to
      treatment, 15 with partial and eight with complete response (p = 0.039). Twenty
      patients receiving methylprednisolone and 18 receiving cyclosporine required
      additional therapy. The incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease was
      similar in both groups. It developed in all nonresponding patients at risk who
      had received secondary therapy. Among responding patients (scores +1 or +2) who
      were not given additional treatment, chronic graft-versus-host disease developed
      in eight of 11 (72 percent) receiving methylprednisolone and five of ten (50
      percent) receiving cyclosporine. Survival beyond 17 months was similar in the two
      groups (28 percent and 24 percent, respectively). These data suggest that
      cyclosporine is a useful agent for the treatment of acute graft-versus-host
      disease, comparable in its efficacy to methylprednisolone.

PMID- 3893113
TI  - Staphylococcal endocarditis. Laboratory and clinical basis for antibiotic
      therapy.
AB  - Antibiotic therapy for staphylococcal endocarditis is based on in vitro
      susceptibility, antibiotic efficacy in experimental endocarditis, and clinical
      experience. Native valve endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus in non-addicts
      is treated with four to six weeks of a penicillinase-resistant penicillin, a
      cephalosporin, or vancomycin. An aminoglycoside can be added for the initial
      three to five days, but longer-term multiple-drug therapy (adding an
      aminoglycoside and rifampin) is reserved for unresponsive infection. Right-sided
      native valve endocarditis in addicts usually responds to less vigorous therapy
      than that for native valve endocarditis in non-addicts. Vancomycin is the drug of
      choice for endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Intrinsic
      methicillin-resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis is often cryptic, requiring
      special tests for detection. Methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis is the major
      cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis. Vancomycin, rifampin, and gentamicin
      therapy for two weeks, followed by vancomycin plus rifampin, is recommended for
      treating this infection. Despite potent antimicrobial therapy, surgery is
      important in the therapy of complicated endocarditis, particularly prosthetic
      valve endocarditis.

PMID- 3893114
TI  - Indications for cardiac surgery in patients with active infective endocarditis.
AB  - Currently, absolute indications for valve replacement during active infective
      endocarditis include severe heart failure, the presence of an infecting
      microorganism that is not susceptible to available antimicrobial agents, and, in
      patients with an infected prosthetic valve, an unstable device. Relative
      indications include an etiologic microorganism other than a susceptible
      Streptococcus, relapse after presumed effective therapy, evidence of intracardiac
      extension of the infection, two or more systemic emboli, vegetations large enough
      to be demonstrated by echocardiography, and, in patients with an infected
      prosthetic device, early disease and periprosthetic leak. With use of data from
      the medical literature, a study generated by the cardiovascular surgical group at
      the University of Alabama School of Medicine, and a brief cost analysis, a point
      system was constructed to assist in decision-making concerning surgery in
      patients with active infective endocarditis. The usefulness of this system will
      depend on experience generated from its utilization in a larger number of
      patients as well as new data relative to a more complete understanding of the
      risks and benefits of surgery in this condition.

PMID- 3893115
TI  - Prophylactic antibiotics in obstetrics and gynecology.
AB  - Studies throughout the world demonstrate the effectiveness of prophylactic
      antibiotics in vaginal hysterectomy and cesarean section. Febrile morbidity is
      reduced by more than one half, and pelvic infections are reduced one third to one
      fifth, respectively. Prophylactic antibiotics are most beneficial in high-risk
      cesarean section, such as in patients in labor and with ruptured membranes. In
      abdominal hysterectomy, the effect of prophylactic antibiotics is less
      pronounced, and the results of the individual studies are more controversial.
      Prophylactic antibiotics are commonly used in extensive oncologic surgery,
      infertility surgery, and in other procedures, but data for adequate evaluation
      are lacking. First- and second-generation cephalosporins are the antibiotics most
      frequently used. In vaginal hysterectomies, a single preoperative dose, and in
      cesarean section, three perioperative doses seem to be adequate. Infections
      occurring despite prophylactic antibiotics are often caused by resistant
      organisms.

PMID- 3893116
TI  - Risk factors for postcesarean endomyometritis.
AB  - Postcesarean endomyometritis is the most common nosocomial infection treated by
      obstetrician-gynecologists. One important prevention strategy is the use of
      perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis initiated after occlusion of the umbilical
      cord for parturient patients with a high risk of this infection. However, the
      identification of these high risk patients remains problematic. Numerous clinical
      risk factors have been identified in the literature. Important intrinsic risk
      factors include indigent socioeconomic status, anemia, and preterm gestational
      age at the time of cesarean section. The three most consistently identified
      extrinsic risk factors include labor prior to cesarean section, the duration of
      ruptured chorioamniotic membranes, and the number of preoperative vaginal
      examinations. Alternatively, many investigators have attempted to define high
      risk patients utilizing various laboratory tests, such as Gram staining or
      bacterial culture of amniotic fluid, chorioamniotic membranes, or endometrial
      biopsy specimens; although specific, these tests have not been sufficiently
      sensitive predictors of infection. Currently, assessment of the duration of
      ruptured membranes and length of labor remain the most sensitive, readily
      available, and therefore clinically useful predictors of postcesarean
      endomyometritis.

PMID- 3893117
TI  - Risk factors for osteomyelitis.
AB  - An approach that is useful in classifying the risk factors for the development of
      acute osteomyelitis is the same as one commonly employed to discuss the
      mechanisms responsible for pathogenesis: hematogenous dissemination, direct
      inoculation, and contiguous spread from an adjacent area of soft tissue
      infection. Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis is predominantly a disease of
      children. Factors that favor the development of acute bone infection are those
      that predispose to bacteremia. These include indwelling intravascular catheters,
      distant foci of infection, and intravenous drug abuse. The distant sites of focal
      infection that are most commonly associated with acute osteomyelitis include the
      skin as well as urinary and respiratory tracts. Two patient groups with an usual
      susceptibility to acute skeletal infections are those with sickle cell anemia and
      chronic granulomatous disease. The second major mechanism for the development of
      acute osteomyelitis is by direct inoculation. Injuries due to penetrating bites
      and puncture wounds of the food may serve to infect bone directly. Diagnostic
      procedures (lumbar puncture, fetal monitoring electrodes, suprapubic aspiration,
      and heel sticks) may result inadvertently in the inoculation of a neighboring
      osseous structure. Surgical procedures such as internal fixation of long bone
      fractures and skeletal traction may cause an infection of the bone. Osteomyelitis
      may develop as a consequence of contiguous spread of infection from adjacent soft
      tissue, particularly if vascular insufficiency complicates the clinical picture.
      Infection of the mandible, maxilla, and frontal or mastoid bones may result from
      persistent or neglected infection of the teeth, paranasal sinuses, or middle ear
      cavity, respectively. The major risk factor for chronic infection of bone is
      inadequate or delayed management of acute osteomyelitis or completely
      unrecognized bone infection.

PMID- 3893118
TI  - Etiology and epidemiology of diarrheal diseases in the United States.
AB  - Accurate data on the frequency of acute diarrheal illness and the distribution of
      pathogens are not available for several reasons, including the facts that only a
      small fraction of cases come to the attention of physicians and that available
      diagnostic tests establish an etiology in only about half of these. In a survey
      of three groups of patients in a community (upper-middle class and lower class
      outpatients and hospitalized infants), a possible cause was found in fewer than
      20 percent of outpatients, and rotavirus accounted for the majority. However,
      asymptomatic colonization with rotavirus is very common in early infancy, and
      demonstration of the antigen correlates with a causative role in diarrhea in only
      about one half of cases. Data on cases of shigellosis over a 15-year period in
      Dallas compared with the Centers for Disease Control national data demonstrate
      that epidemiologic patterns in any given community can differ substantially from
      the national data. Day-care centers are important sources of Giardia and Shigella
      infections in the community. The epidemiologic roles of newly reported causes of
      diarrhea (Campylobacter laridis, Blastocystis hominis, Cryptosporidium species,
      and Aeromonas hydrophila) are being explored. Generalizations about etiology and
      epidemiology of pathogens in diarrheal disease are invalid unless the population
      group is defined socioeconomically and geographically.

PMID- 3893120
TI  - Mycobacterial pulmonary infections after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 3893119
TI  - Nonfluid therapy and selected chemoprophylaxis of acute diarrhea.
AB  - Various available forms of therapy can decrease morbidity and mortality
      associated with acute diarrhea. Oral fluids represent the cornerstone of therapy
      of all cases. A variety of agents acting nonspecifically can decrease diarrhea
      and improve other worrisome symptoms associated with enteric infection.
      Kaopectate makes the stool more formed but has little additional effects. Bismuth
      subsalicylate, an antisecretory agent, reduces the number of stools passed by
      about 50 percent and improves other associated symptomatology. The drugs that
      affect motility such as loperamide and diphenoxylate are the most active of the
      nonspecifically acting drugs. They must be avoided in patients with significant
      fever and dysentery. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is now considered the drug of
      choice for shigellosis due to the presence of ampicillin-resistant Shigella
      strains in most regions of the world. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is also an
      effective form of therapy for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection and for
      traveler's diarrhea without definable cause. Erythromycin, although not proved to
      be effective against Campylobacter, probably shortens the disease. Furazolidone,
      although not dramatically effective, has a spectrum of activity that includes
      Shigella, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Campylobacter, and Giardia lamblia. It may not
      be effective in severely ill (hospitalized) patients with diarrhea. The various
      forms of available therapy can be administered empirically, depending on
      symptomatology. Mildly ill patients (one to three unformed stools in 24 hours
      with minimal additional symptoms) probably are best treated with fluids only.
      Mild to moderately ill persons (three to six unformed stools in 24 hours) can be
      treated with a drug that acts nonspecifically, such as bismuth subsalicylate or
      loperamide. Those with severe diseases (six or more unformed stools with moderate
      to severe associated symptoms), particularly when associated with fever and the
      passage of bloody mucoid stools, may be given an antimicrobial agent. The
      antimicrobial drug given will be determined by ancillary laboratory tests (dark
      field examination or examination of a wet-mount preparation for motile
      Campylobacter or stool culture for Shigella, Campylobacter, or Salmonella) or may
      be administered on an empiric basis. Traveler's diarrhea can be eliminated in
      selected persons by the administration of a pharmacologic agent. Liquid bismuth
      subsalicylate is effective in large doses, which may be impractical. Studies with
      the tablet formulation suggest that it is partially effective in preventing the
      illness. Doxycycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole are more effective,
      particularly when admini

PMID- 3893121
TI  - Tension ball valve mucus plug in asthma.
AB  - This report describes a patient with status asthmaticus and respiratory failure
      in whom profound hypoxemia developed during mechanical ventilation. During the
      hypoxemic episode, breath sounds were absent over the left lung, and chest
      radiography revealed a hyperlucent left hemithorax with tension shift of the
      mediastinum to the right. The presence of lung markings in the left lung on
      radiography eliminated the possibility of tension pneumothorax and led to the
      diagnosis of tension mediastinal shift secondary to a ball valve obstruction by a
      central mucus plug. Bronchoscopic lung lavage removed the mucus plug, thereby
      correcting the hypoxemia. Recognition of this previously undescribed acute
      complication of mechanical ventilation in status asthmaticus is essential so that
      confusion with tension pneumothorax is avoided and appropriate therapy
      instituted.

PMID- 3893122
TI  - Association of renal failure with Lewis incompatibility after allogeneic bone
      marrow transplantation.
AB  - The cause of the renal failure that occurs in approximately 20 percent of
      patients following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is poorly understood. A
      patient is described in whom acute renal failure occurred one week after
      allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The onset of the renal failure was
      associated with the demonstration of anti-Lewis antibodies in the patient's
      serum, which could only have been derived from donor lymphocytes. Recovery of
      renal function coincided with the disappearance of the Lewis antibody. It is
      postulated that Lewis incompatibility between graft and host tissue may have
      contributed to the renal failure in this patient and that incompatibility
      associated with determinants present on renal cells may account for other
      instances of acute renal failure following allogeneic bone marrow
      transplantation.

PMID- 3893123
TI  - William Osler: then and now.

PMID- 3893124
TI  - Levels of serum sex hormones and risk factors for coronary heart disease in
      exercise-trained men.
AB  - On the basis of previous findings, it has been hypothesized that
      hyperestrogenemia may be the major predisposing factor for coronary heart disease
      and that an elevation in the estradiol-to-testosterone ratio, or a closely
      related hormonal alteration, may cause the expression of risk factors for
      coronary heart disease. The present study was carried out to investigate whether
      exercise training, which has been reported to reduce risk factors for coronary
      heart disease, affects the serum sex hormone levels. The serum sex hormone
      levels, established risk factors for coronary heart disease, and physical fitness
      were measured in 10 men who had undergone at least six months of intensive
      exercise training and in 10 sedentary men of similar age. Despite evidence for a
      strikingly higher level of physical fitness and a lower level of risk factors in
      the trained group, no significant difference in mean serum estradiol level was
      found. Nor did three subjects from the sedentary group show a decrease in
      estradiol level after three to four months of exercise training. The mean
      estradiol-to-testosterone ratio, however, was significantly lower in the trained
      group and might account for the lower level of risk factors in that group. If the
      hypothesis is correct, exercise training may decrease established risk factors
      for coronary heart disease without decreasing the risk of coronary heart disease.

PMID- 3893125
TI  - Natural history of primary myxedema.
AB  - It is generally admitted that primary myxedema in adults is the outcome of
      autoimmune atrophic thyroiditis. The present review traces the natural history of
      this process from its incipient biologic and genetic anomalies up to its
      protracted asymptomatic course, clinical development, and eventual lethal
      complications. The apprehension of preclinical hypothyroidism may change a
      clinician's outlook on early diagnosis and therapy.

PMID- 3893126
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of Pena-Shokeir syndrome type 1.
AB  - This report describes the sonographic diagnosis of the Pena-Shokeir syndrome type
      1 during the second trimester of a pregnancy which was electively terminated. The
      mother had previously delivered a macerated, hydropic infant with multiple
      congenital anomalies. The diagnosis was based on the recurrence of hydramnios and
      nonimmune hydrops in a fetus with normal chromosomes, normal amniotic fluid alpha
      fetoprotein, normal fetal echocardiography, and lack of evidence of a lysosomal
      storage disease. These observations suggest that serial sonography during the
      second trimester in pregnancies at risk may allow for the prenatal diagnosis of
      the Pena-Shokeir syndrome type 1. Without further experience, it would not be
      prudent to suggest to couples at risk that the prenatal diagnosis of a recurrence
      can be assured with a high degree of accuracy.

PMID- 3893127
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis and management of congenital heart defect: significance of
      associated fetal anomalies and prenatal chromosome studies.
AB  - A fetal cardiac defect was found prenatally by ultrasound in 13 of 230 women
      (5.6%) with a suspected fetal anomaly. Pregnancy duration varied between 17 and
      39 weeks (mean 28 weeks). The reasons for referral of the 13 patients were:
      suspected fetal structural defect (n = 4), oligo- or polyhydramnios (n = 2),
      severe fetal growth retardation (n = 1), fetal cardiac arrhythmia (n = 1), or a
      combination thereof (n = 5). Abnormal chromosomes were found in 5 out of 13
      fetuses (38%)-ie, four through prenatal and one through postnatal analysis. The
      present study demonstrates that fetal cardiac structural anomalies often are
      diagnosed in combination with ultrasonically established associated abnormality.
      Cytogenetic analysis of amniotic cells greatly improves diagnosis and obstetric
      management, especially when the cardiac defect per se is considered amenable to
      surgical treatment and other major structural defects have been ruled out.

PMID- 3893128
TI  - A double-blind evaluation of sodium gradient hemodialysis.
AB  - In a double-blind, crossover trial, 7 chronic hemodialysis patients underwent
      three 4-week treatment periods. During one period, dialysate contained 135 mEq/l
      sodium. During another period, dialysate contained 143 mEq/l sodium. During the
      remaining period, we used "sodium gradient' dialysate, the sodium concentration
      of which was decreased from 160 to 133 mEq/l during each 4-hour dialysis session.
      Ultrafiltration was performed at a constant rate to achieve a predetermined post
      dialysis weight. Interdialytic weight gain, thirst, blood pressure control, and
      incidence of side effects were monitored. There was a significant difference in
      interdialytic weight gain for the 3 treatments (p = 0.005). Interdialytic weight
      gain using 135 mEq/l sodium dialysate (2.2 +/- 0.9 kg, mean +/- SD) was
      significantly less than that using either 143 mEq/l sodium dialysate (2.6 +/- 0.8
      kg) or sodium gradient dialysate (2.8 +/- 0.7 kg). Self-reported thirst tended to
      be less severe with 135 mEq/l sodium dialysate than with 143 mEq/l sodium
      dialysate or with sodium gradient dialysate, but changes in thirst were not
      statistically significant (p = 0.13). The incidence of intradialytic hypotensive
      episodes was comparable with the 3 levels of dialysate sodium. The results
      suggest that the described sodium gradient method does not prevent the increased
      interdialytic weight gain and thirst seen with other forms of high-sodium
      dialysis, and probably does not reduce the incidence of side effects.

PMID- 3893129
TI  - Hypertension of polycystic kidney disease: mechanisms and hemodynamic
      alterations.
AB  - 32 polycystic kidney disease (PKD) patients, 16 with normal 16 with variably
      decreased renal function, were studied; 12 were normotensive, 20 were
      hypertensive. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 90 +/- 8 mm Hg in the normotensive
      group and 117 +/- 17 in hypertensive patients; plasma renin activity (PRA) was
      similar. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was lower, but not significantly,
      in the hypertensive group and plasma volume (PV) was higher in hypertensive
      patients (normotensive 40.25 +/- 3.47 ml/kg body weight; hypertensive 46.30 +/-
      3.54). No correlation was found between MAP, and PRA or GFR but MAP correlated
      with PV. Cardiac output was higher in hypertensive patients (normotensive 3.48 +/
      0.70 l/min/m2; hypertensive 3.89 +/- 1.47), also total peripheral resistance was
      higher in the hypertensive group (normotensive 2,035 +/- 503 dyn/s/cm-5/m2;
      hypertensive 2,577 +/- 808). Cardiac output and PV showed a high degree of
      correlation, but no correlation was seen between total peripheral resistance and
      PV, or PRA. The hypertensive patients were divided into two groups: one with
      hypertension of less than 2 years duration and one with more than 2 years but
      with similar GFR, PRA, PV and hemodynamic pattern. Our data indicate that
      hypertension in PKD is volume-dependent; that the increase in PV was not related
      to the loss of GFR, and that the role of the renin-angiotensin system in
      maintaining the hypertensive state is not well defined. Hemodynamically
      hypertension is characterized by high cardiac output and total peripheral
      resistance independent of the duration of hypertension.

PMID- 3893131
TI  - The CPAP mask. A comfortable approach to ARDS.

PMID- 3893130
TI  - Posttransplant diabetes in kidney transplant recipients.
AB  - We retrospectively reviewed the course of 1,000 renal transplants performed in
      835 recipients (758 nondiabetics) to assess the incidence of new onset
      posttransplant diabetes in former nondiabetics. A total of 119 (15.7%) recipients
      manifested posttransplant diabetes, of whom 64 (53.8%) became hyperglycemic
      within 3 weeks of transplantation. Actuarial survival analysis indicated a
      statistically significant selection of blacks; 68 (57.1%) in the group of
      posttransplant diabetics contrasted with 30.4% of the overall series who were
      black (p = less than 0.01). Males comprised 73 (61.3%) of posttransplant
      diabetics, consistent with the male proportion of 66.6% in the entire series. The
      total dose of methylprednisolone administered before onset of posttransplant
      diabetes was less than 2.5 g in 86 (69%) and less than 5 g in 110 (92%) patients.
      Familial diabetes had been noted in 12 (10%) posttransplant diabetics and in 10
      (9%) controls. New cases of posttransplant diabetes occurred at a relatively
      constant annual rate over the decade of study (+/- 15%/year). Patient survival in
      controls was greater than in posttransplant diabetics, reaching significance (83
      vs. 67%) at 2 years. Kidney graft survival in controls and posttransplant
      diabetics was similar. We conclude that posttransplant diabetes is of greater
      prevalence in blacks, is not proportional to total dose or duration of
      intravenous methylprednisolone therapy, and imposes a threat to recipient
      survival.

PMID- 3893132
TI  - The Dublin randomized controlled trial of intrapartum fetal heart rate
      monitoring.
AB  - In a randomized controlled trial involving 12,964 women, a policy of continuous
      electronic intrapartum fetal heart monitoring was compared with an alternative
      policy of intermittent auscultation, both policies including an option to measure
      fetal scalp blood pH. Women allocated to electronic fetal heart monitoring had
      shorter labors and received less analgesia. The caesarean delivery rates were
      2.4% for electronic fetal heart monitoring and 2.2% for intermittent auscultation
      but this small difference arose from the identification of nearly twice as many
      fetuses with low scalp pH (less than 7.20) in the electronic fetal heart
      monitoring group. The forceps delivery rate was 8.2% in the electronic fetal
      heart monitoring group compared with 6.3% in the intermittent auscultation group,
      and this excess was explained by more instrumental deliveries prompted by fetal
      heart rate abnormalities. There were 14 stillbirths and neonatal deaths in each
      group, with a similar distribution of causes. There were no apparent differences
      in the rates of low Apgar scores, need for resuscitation, or transfer to the
      special care nursery. Cases of neonatal seizures and persistent abnormal
      neurological signs followed by survival were twice as frequent in the
      intermittent auscultation group, and this differential effect was related to
      duration of labor. Follow-up at 1 year of babies who survived neonatal seizures
      revealed three clearly abnormal infants in each group. The implications of these
      findings for both theory and practice are discussed.

PMID- 3893133
TI  - The natural history of ventriculomegaly in a fetus without obstructive
      hydrocephalus.
AB  - Fetal ventriculomegaly is an abnormal increase in the size of the lateral
      cerebral ventricles. Presented here is a case of fetal ventriculomegaly in which
      there was spontaneous intrauterine improvement in its severity.

PMID- 3893134
TI  - Immune complexes in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy.
AB  - We determined in normal nonpregnant (group I) and normal pregnant (group II)
      women and in patients with preeclampsia (group III): (1) immunoglobulins and
      complement C3b associated with polymorphonuclear leukocytes and platelet surfaces
      in an attempt to evaluate the interaction in vivo of immune complexes with the
      membranes of these cells; (2) the occurrence of circulating immune complexes; (3)
      the serum levels of immunoglobulins, C3, and C4; and (4) the plasma levels of
      complement C3d. In patients with preeclampsia (group III), the percentages of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes and platelets positive for membrane-bound IgG, IgM,
      IgA, and C3 were significantly higher than the percentages in groups I and II. In
      group III, there also was a significant increase in circulating immune complexes,
      as compared to groups I and II. However, circulating immune complexes were also
      present in significant amounts in normal pregnancy (group II). The plasma levels
      of complement C3d were markedly increased in the most severe cases of
      preeclampsia.

PMID- 3893135
TI  - Frank W. Newell. Festschrift.

PMID- 3893136
TI  - Penetrating keratoplasty combined with extracapsular cataract extraction.
AB  - In my previous prospective study of 132 eyes, the incidence of clinically
      significant cystoid macular edema was 42% in aphakic penetrating keratoplasty,
      33% in combined keratoplasty and cataract extraction with vitrectomy, and only 4%
      in combined keratoplasty and cataract extraction without vitrectomy. In the
      present study we added 26 aphakic and 11 pseudophakic keratoplasties and 17
      procedures combining keratoplasty with extracapsular cataract extraction. Grafts
      were clear in 94% of patients, and 43% had visual acuity of 20/40 or better.
      Clinically significant cystoid macular edema occurred in 35% of aphakic and 27%
      of pseudophakic keratoplasties. Cystoid macular edema did not occur in combined
      keratoplasty and extracapsular cataract extraction.

PMID- 3893137
TI  - Acute intraoperative choroidal effusion.
AB  - We studied five cases of acute choroidal effusion that occurred during
      intraocular surgery and one case of a localized choroidal hemorrhage. Acute
      intraoperative choroidal effusion is a poorly recognized surgical complication
      and may precede expulsive hemorrhage in many cases. The treatment is immediate
      closure of the wound, after which the intraocular pressure may rise to 80 mm Hg
      or more. However, the pressure will return to normal after 15 to 30 minutes and
      the area of effusion will remain localized. Scleral puncture to drain fluid is
      not indicated if the wound can be closed before there is a prolapse of the iris
      or other intraocular tissues.

PMID- 3893138
TI  - Application of mizoribine after keratoplasty and in the treatment of uveitis.
AB  - Mizoribine, an immunosuppressive agent developed and marketed in Japan, was
      tested in experimental keratoplasty and in Behcet's disease. The drug, 2 to 4
      mg/kg of body weight, administered systemically or as 10% eyedrops five times
      daily, suppressed immune reaction after keratoplasty in rabbits. It seemed
      effective in 18 cases including 12 regrafted eyes. In 29 cases of Behcet's
      disease, the average recurrence rate dropped from once per month to once every
      three months in one year. Mizoribine is safe, easy to use, and may be of some
      value by itself or in combination with other drugs in the treatment of uveitis
      and in the prevention of corneal graft reaction.

PMID- 3893139
TI  - Inhibition of the epinephrine-induced reduction of intraocular pressure by
      systemic indomethacin in humans.
AB  - In a prospective, randomized, double-masked study, 2% epinephrine applied
      topically twice each day for two weeks to the eyes of patients with glaucoma or
      ocular hypertension caused an 8.1 +/- 1.4-mm Hg (mean +/- S.E.M.) reduction of
      intraocular pressure in placebo-treated patients, but only a 1.9 +/- 0.6-mm Hg
      decrease in patients treated with 25 mg of orally administered indomethacin four
      times each day (P less than .0005). Systemic treatment with indomethacin for one
      week did not significantly increase intraocular pressure by itself (baseline,
      19.7 +/- 0.6 mm Hg, vs 20.1 +/- 1.4 mm Hg after indomethacin treatment). When
      indomethacin treatment was discontinued in those patients receiving topical
      epinephrine, there was a further significant (P less than .05) reduction in
      intraocular pressure compared with the placebo-treated group. Since the ocular
      hypotensive effect of topically applied epinephrine is inhibited by indomethacin,
      a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, these results suggest that this reduction of
      intraocular pressure is at least partially mediated by the endogenous production
      of prostaglandins, or other cyclo-oxygenase products, and that the intraocular
      pressure of glaucoma patients undergoing epinephrine therapy may increase when
      systemic cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors such as indomethacin or aspirin are taken.

PMID- 3893140
TI  - Immunosuppressive agents in penetrating keratoplasty.
AB  - One of the problems with corneal grafting is the occurrence of rejection. Immune
      reaction is considered to be an important cause of graft failure. Early
      recognition of such graft reaction can frequently be treated successfully with
      intensive topical administration of corticosteroids. Generally, I prefer to add
      systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine. In
      the present study two cases are described to illustrate the use of azathioprine
      and demonstrate that even severe and recurrent graft reactions can be
      successfully treated with immunosuppressive agents.

PMID- 3893141
TI  - Visual disturbances with focal progressive dementing disease.
AB  - Symptoms referable to the visual system may be the earliest and most prominent
      signs of idiopathic dementing disease (Alzheimer's type) despite the lack of
      objective signs in the eyes or visual system. Three such patients are described.
      The first patient, who had ultimately proven Alzheimer's disease, initially
      complained of poor vision and spatial disorientation. Her course was
      characterized by progressive topographic agnosia during a ten-year period. The
      second patient first sought ophthalmic consultation for blurring of vision that
      subsequently progressed during a six-year period to alexia without agraphia and
      spatial disorientation. The third patient, who had presumed Alzheimer's disease,
      initially complained of reading difficulties that prompted several ophthalmic
      consultations. Her problem was initially one of increasing visual agnosia which,
      together with other perceptive disturbances, gradually deepened during a period
      of several years.

PMID- 3893142
TI  - The diagnosis of epithelial downgrowth after keratoplasty.
AB  - During a two-year period we diagnosed and managed four cases of epithelial
      downgrowth in aphakic patients (two men and two women, 42 to 76 years old) after
      keratoplasty. Several clinical findings seemed typical of epithelial downgrowth
      in this setting. When iritis was present, it was unusual in that the aqueous
      humor contained large clumps of cellular material and the degree of apparent
      inflammation was out of proportion to the ciliary flush or symptoms. A posterior
      corneal line was present in two cases. It resembled an endothelial graft
      rejection line, but there were no associated keratic precipitates. Also, no graft
      edema occurred peripheral to a retrocorneal line in either case. Glaucoma was
      abrupt in onset and difficult to treat. Cytopathologic studies of aqueous
      aspirate may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. The long-term prognosis for
      useful vision in our patients was poor but early diagnosis and surgical
      intervention might possibly lead to a more favorable outcome.

PMID- 3893143
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies in ophthalmology.

PMID- 3893144
TI  - Looking back.
AB  - This historical review reveals that our profession has a solid understanding of
      occupation and its meaning to the injured or ill worker. Pioneer occupational
      therapists developed elemental concepts of work, basic skills of evaluation, and
      therapeutic uses of work skills. Our last generation of therapists has added
      theories and vital concepts of occupational behavior and human adaptation. The
      integration of our knowledge through further discourse, research, theory
      building, writing, and practice will enable us to use our understanding of human
      development through occupation to evaluate the work role of any individual
      regardless of age or disability. An unnamed patient (26) translates our
      philosophy into simple and direct language: "The joy of doing work and doing it
      well broadens the mind and extends to the outside world."

PMID- 3893145
TI  - The concept of work in occupational therapy: a historical review.

PMID- 3893146
TI  - Physiological effects of plus lens application.
AB  - The prescribing of low-power spherical convex lenses for nearpoint has been
      advocated on the basis of associated visual and physiological responses. A review
      of research related to this topic reveals that the physiological effects of plus
      lenses are highly individualized. The purpose of this paper is to reevaluate
      research on this subject in the context of clinical prescribing.

PMID- 3893147
TI  - Cumulative index 1968-1983. American Journal of Optometry and Archives of the
      American Academy of Optometry (1968-1973) and American Journal of Optometry and
      Physiological Optics (1974-1983).

PMID- 3893148
TI  - Human cerebral malaria. A quantitative ultrastructural analysis of parasitized
      erythrocyte sequestration.
AB  - For investigation of the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria, immediate postmortem
      samples from brain and other tissues of patients dying with Plasmodium falciparum
      malaria, with (CM) or without (NCM) cerebral malaria, were processed for electron
      microscopy. Counts of parasitized erythrocytes (PRBCs) in cerebral and other
      vessels showed that the proportion of PRBCs was higher in CM than in NCM, and
      also that the proportion of PRBCs was higher in the brain than in other organs
      examined in both CM and NCM. Cerebral vessels from CM patients were more tightly
      packed with RBCs than those from NCM patients, but there was no significant
      difference in the amount or degree of endothelial damage or numbers of vessels
      with endothelial pseudopodia. Fibrillar (fibrin) deposits were present in a small
      proportion of vessels, but no thrombosis was present. There was neither acute nor
      chronic inflammation, and leukocytes were absent within or outside cerebral
      vessels. There was no immune complex deposition in cerebral vessels. Parasites in
      cerebral vessels were mainly trophozoites or schizonts. Occasional RBC remnants
      following parasite release were seen. Some parasites were degenerate, resembling
      crisis forms. PRBCs adhered to endothelium via surface knobs. It is concluded
      that there is no evidence for an inflammatory or immune pathogenesis for human
      cerebral malaria and that the clinical effects probably relate to anoxia and the
      metabolic activities of the parasites.

PMID- 3893149
TI  - Immunopathology of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas.
AB  - In this study the authors attempted to establish immunopathologic criteria for
      the distinction of various T-cell lymphomas affecting the skin. We studied skin
      specimens from 27 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) (n = 12), the Sezary
      syndrome (SS) (n = 6), adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) (n = 4), and nonepidermotropic
      T-cell lymphoma of large cell (n = 4) and lymphoblastic (n = 1) types.
      Identification of tumor cells in mixed cell populations and detection of weak
      expression of surface antigens by tumor cells was facilitated by immunoelectron
      microscopy. The mature helper T-cell phenotype (T11+ T3+ T4+) was found in 14 of
      18 cases of MF/SS. One case of MF had a cytotoxic/suppressor (T4- T8+ 3A1+)
      phenotype; one with frequent blastic cells showed only weak expression of T4
      antigen; 2 cases of SS were T11-. Tumor cells infiltrating the skin expressed 3Al
      antigen in 44% and cellular activation antigens Ia and/or Tac in 78% of patients
      with MF/SS. No consistent phenotypic differences were found between ATL cells
      from ATLV (HTLV) antibody-positive patients and tumor cells of patients with
      MF/SS who lacked this antibody. In contrast, a group of nonepidermotropic T-cell
      lymphomas showed phenotypic differences from MF/SS and ATL in all but 1 case.
      These cases were distinguished by the frequent absence of T3, T4, and Leu 1
      antigens in 3 large-cell lymphomas; frequent expression of Ki-1 antigen, a
      Hodgkin's disease-associated antigen, in 2 cases with RS-like cells; and an
      immature thymocyte phenotype in lymphoblastic lymphoma. These findings
      demonstrate that tumor-cell phenotypes can be useful in distinguishing different
      histologic types of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

PMID- 3893150
TI  - Detection of HLA-DR antigens in paraffin-embedded thyroid epithelial cells with a
      monoclonal antibody.
AB  - The human Class II major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens, or Ia antigens, which
      are thought to regulate immune cell interaction, can be detected in paraffin
      embedded tissues by immunoperoxidase staining with a recently developed
      monoclonal antibody (LK8D3). HLA-DR antigens were observed in lymphoid tissues,
      Langerhans cells of the skin, some epithelial cells, and pulmonary alveolar
      macrophages. The expression of HLA-DR antigens was analyzed in formalin-paraffin
      sections by immunoperoxidase in 86 normal and abnormal thyroid epithelial
      tissues. All patients with Hashimoto's disease (8/8) and most patients with
      Graves' disease (6/8) expressed HLA/DR antigens in the thyroid epithelial cells
      and in adjacent inflammatory cells. Most papillary carcinomas (12/18), including
      3 of 5 follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinomas, had HLA-DR antigens
      detected in epithelial cells; whereas medullary thyroid carcinomas (0/5),
      follicular carcinomas (0/5), and multinodular goiters (0/4) did not have
      detectable HLA-DR immunoreactivity. A few other thyroid lesions had HLA-DR
      antigens detected in epithelial cells, including anaplastic carcinomas (2/5),
      Hurthle-cell tumors (1/16), and thyroid lymphomas (2/2). Monoclonal antibody
      LK8D3 and two other commercially available monoclonal antibodies against HLA-DR
      stained tissues equally well in cryostat sections, but only antibody LK8D3 was
      effective in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. These results
      indicate that epithelial cells from thyroids of patients with autoimmune diseases
      commonly express HLA-DR antigens. The presence of HLA-DR antigens in most
      papillary thyroid carcinomas may be helpful diagnostically in cases of follicular
      variants of papillary carcinomas. The role of HLA-DR expression in autoimmune
      thyroid disease and in papillary thyroid carcinoma remains to be determined.

PMID- 3893151
TI  - Immunohistochemical studies using monoclonal antibodies on lymph nodes from
      patients with mycosis fungoides and Sezary's syndrome.
AB  - Using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique and a panel of monoclonal antibodies
      with well-defined specificities, the authors studied the distribution of lymphoid
      and nonlymphoid cells in the T-cell areas of both involved and uninvolved lymph
      nodes from patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary's syndrome (SS) and
      dermatopathic lymph nodes from patients with generalized benign skin disease. The
      distribution of the different T-cell subsets, HLA-DR+ interdigitating cells and
      OKT6+ Langerhans cells, in the paracortical areas of MF lymph nodes showing
      features of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy with early involvement, as assessed
      after conventional histologic examination, was similar to that of dermatopathic
      MF lymph nodes without early involvement and lymph nodes from patients with
      generalized benign skin disease, indicating that these studies do not provide
      additional criteria for the early diagnosis of MF involvement. MF lymph nodes
      showing partial or complete obliteration of the normal architecture tended to
      have lower numbers of HLA-DR+ interdigitating cells and OKT6+ Langerhans cells,
      but showed increased numbers of blast cells, part of which had lost their mature
      helper-T-cell phenotype. These differences between the early and advanced stages
      of lymph node involvement by MF were analogous to those observed in the different
      stages of cutaneous involvement, as described previously. The lymph nodes from
      patients with SS were diffusely infiltrated by neoplastic T cells that had
      retained their mature helper-T-cell phenotype (Leu-1+, 3a+, 4+), contained very
      low numbers of Leu-2+ T-cells and relatively few HLA-DR+ interdigitating cells
      and OKT6+ Langerhans cells. These different staining patterns in MF and SS lymph
      nodes may reflect different pathogenetic mechanisms.

PMID- 3893152
TI  - Differentiated lines of cells from rabbit renal medullary thick ascending limbs
      grown on amnion.
AB  - Previously we grew differentiated primary epithelial tissue cultures from rabbit
      renal medullary thick ascending limbs but were unable to subculture them into
      lines. Now, following the use of amnion as a support during the initial passages,
      two cell lines have grown from single fragments of medullary thick ascending
      limbs. Cells have now been in culture past 12 passages over more than 2 yr. On
      confluence they formed morphologically differentiated epithelial monolayers with
      polarization of the cells visible on electron microscopy. They had apical zonula
      occludens and microvilli, lateral cellular interdigitations, and basal membranes
      flat against the support. "Domes" often were visible when the epithelia formed on
      dishes, indicative of salt and water transport. Other functional differentiation
      in some passages of one line or the other included presence of Tamm-Horsfall
      protein (demonstrated by immunofluorescence) or transepithelial voltage oriented
      apical surface positive. Both the Tamm-Horsfall protein and the voltage are
      normally expressed by intact medullary thick ascending limbs and are
      characteristic of this particular nephron segment.

PMID- 3893153
TI  - Insulin action on membrane potential and glucose uptake: effects of high
      potassium.
AB  - These experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that insulin-induced
      hyperpolarization is a link in the chain of events leading to stimulation of
      glucose transport. External potassium concentration, [K+]o, was increased by
      equimolar substitution of KCl for NaCl, a method known to cause cell swelling,
      and by substitution of [K+]o for [Na+]o with maintenance of constant [K+]o X [Cl
      ]o product, a method that does not cause cell swelling. When there was constant
      KCl product, even at 76.8 meq [K+]o insulin continued to hyperpolarize, although
      by only approximately 44% as much as in normal [K+]o, and insulin-stimulated 2
      deoxyglucose uptake was only approximately 60% of that at normal [K+]o. With
      equimolar substitution of KCl for NaCl: electrical potential difference across
      cell membranes of surface fibers of rat caudofemoralis muscle decreased with
      logarithm [K+]o, in the presence or absence of insulin. Insulin-induced
      hyperpolarization decreased as [K+]o increased and disappeared at 36 mM [K+]o.
      The amount of insulin bound to its receptors in 1 h was not affected by [K+]o
      over the range studied. Insulin effects on membrane potential and on 2
      deoxyglucose uptake, as both were altered by [K+]o, correlated well. As the probe
      moved in depth through the first six fibers there was stepwise decrease in
      depolarization in high [K+]o in the absence of insulin. Insulin hyperpolarized
      the deepest of these fibers, even when it did not hyperpolarize the outermost.
      The decrease in insulin-induced hyperpolarization as [K+]o increases is
      consistent with the hypothesis that insulin hyperpolarizes by decreasing the
      ratio PNa/PK.

PMID- 3893154
TI  - Metabolic clearance of angiotensin II in pregnant and nonpregnant sheep.
AB  - Reduced vascular responsiveness to infused angiotensin II (ANG II) has been
      observed during pregnancy. It has been proposed that infusions produce lower
      circulating concentrations of ANG II in pregnancy, due to an increase in the
      metabolic clearance rate of ANG II (MCRangii). We have evaluated the MCRangii and
      the arterial plasma concentrations of ANG II during constant infusions of 1.15
      micrograms ANG II/min into chronically instrumented pregnant (n = 6) and
      nonpregnant (n = 9) sheep. Although the pressor responses were significantly less
      in the pregnant than in the nonpregnant sheep (17.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 34.9 +/- 3.2
      mmHg, P less than 0.001), the values for MCRangii were not different: 56.2 +/-
      6.3 ml X min-1 X kg-1 in nonpregnant and 55.9 +/- 4.3 ml X min-1 X kg-1 in
      pregnant sheep. The steady-state plasma ANG II concentrations during the
      infusions were slightly less in pregnant than in nonpregnant sheep (388 +/- 36
      vs. 454 +/- 36 pg/ml); however, this difference would be responsible for only a 2
      mmHg reduction in the pressor response. We conclude that the reduced pressor
      response to infused ANG II in pregnancy is not due to an increase in MCRangii nor
      to lower plasma ANG II concentrations.

PMID- 3893155
TI  - Steroids alter ion transport and absorptive capacity in proximal and distal
      colon.
AB  - Steroids are potent absorbagogues, increasing Na and fluid absorption in a
      variety of epithelia. This study characterizes the in vitro effects of
      pharmacological doses of gluco- and mineralocorticoids on transport parameters of
      rabbit proximal and distal colon. Treatment with methylprednisolone (MP, 40 mg im
      for 2 days) and desoxycortone acetate (DOCA, 12.5 mg im for 3 days) resulted in a
      significant increase in short-circuit current (Isc) in distal colon, suggesting
      an increase in basal Na absorption. Amiloride (10(-4) M) caused a significantly
      negative Isc in MP-treated tissue, demonstrating a steroid-induced, amiloride
      insensitive electrogenic ion transport in distal colon. The effect of two
      absorbagogues, impermeant anions (SO4-Ringer) and amphotericin, were compared in
      control and steroid-treated distal colon. In controls, both absorbagogues
      increased Isc. Impermeant anions caused a rise in Isc in both MP and DOCA
      tissues, suggesting that the high rate of basal Na absorption had not caused a
      saturation of the Na pump. The steroid-treated colons, however, did not
      consistently respond to amphotericin. Amiloride inhibited the entire Isc in MP
      treated distal colon that had been exposed to amphotericin; this suggested that
      amphotericin had not exerted its characteristic effect on the apical membrane of
      steroid-treated colon. In proximal colon, steroids did not alter basal rates of
      transport; however, epinephrine-induced Na-Cl absorption was significantly
      greater in MP-treated vs control (P less than 0.005). Steroids increase the
      absorptive capacity of both proximal and distal colon for Na, while increasing
      basal Na absorption only in the distal colon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3893156
TI  - Control of intestinal absorption by the renin-angiotensin system.
AB  - In vivo angiotensin II (ANG II) exerts a dose-dependent dual action upon
      intestinal absorption. At low doses, ANG II stimulates sodium (Na) and water
      absorption from all intestinal areas. At high doses, ANG II inhibits absorption.
      The stimulation of jejunal absorption in response to ANG II is secondary to the
      release of norepinephrine (NE) from enteric sympathetic nerves. ANG II may act
      either within the brain or at the sympathetic nerve terminal to liberate NE. In
      contrast, the inhibition of absorption in response to ANG II is due to enteric
      prostaglandin production. At the present time it is unclear whether the changes
      in absorption in response to ANG II in vivo are due to changes in transport
      processes or secondary to alterations in enteric hemodynamics. ANG II also exerts
      a dose-dependent dual action on intestinal ion and water absorption in vitro. The
      mechanisms responsible for changes in absorption in vitro are unknown. However,
      since enteric sympathetic nerves are severed from their ganglia, it is unlikely
      that ANG II stimulates absorption in isolated preparations through release of NE.
      ANG II exerts a major control over intestinal absorption following volume
      depletion. The hormone controls colonic absorption through release of aldosterone
      and directly influences jejunal absorption via enteric sympathetic nerves. ANG II
      may control ileal absorption following volume depletion. All components of the
      renin-angiotensin system are present within the intestine. Furthermore, ANG II
      like immunoreactivity is present within enteric nerves. The role of locally
      formed ANG II in the control of intestinal absorption has not been studied.
      Models illustrating the effect of ANG II on intestinal absorption are discussed.

PMID- 3893157
TI  - Characterization of calcium deprivation-induced cholestasis in the perfused rat
      liver.
AB  - To elucidate the role of calcium in regulation of canalicular bile flow, we
      studied biliary sucrose permeability and the transport kinetics of taurocholate
      in the in situ perfused rat liver. Calcium deprivation did not adversely affect
      viability or ultrastructural appearances of the liver. Removal of calcium led to
      initial choleresis followed by cholestasis dependent on external ionized calcium
      concentration. Biliary recovery of [14C]sucrose relative to that of tritiated
      water was determined by a biliary multiple-indicator dilution technique. Analysis
      in terms of irreversible thermodynamics suggested that biliary permeability to
      sucrose increased due to a change in the sieving coefficient from 0.135 to 0.435.
      Biliary recovery of taurocholate was significantly (P less than 0.001) reduced in
      low-calcium medium (from 79.6 +/- 6.5 to 17.6 +/- 11.8%). This was not due to a
      defect in hepatocellular uptake of taurocholate as determined in the perfused rat
      liver by a multiple-indicator dilution technique and in isolated hepatocytes. We
      conclude that calcium deprivation-induced cholestasis is characterized by an
      increased biliary permeability, a defect in cellular translocation and/or
      canalicular secretion of bile salts, and a defect in bile salt-independent bile
      flow.

PMID- 3893158
TI  - Interaction of insulin with the renal proximal tubular cell.
AB  - Insulin is known to regulate both metabolic and transport functions in the renal
      proximal tubule. Insulin present in plasma and in glomerular ultrafiltrate is
      known to be degraded at this nephron site. This paper summarizes what is known
      about these processes and about the mechanisms by which the actions of insulin
      and the degradation of insulin are effected in the proximal tubular epithelial
      cell. Recent studies have characterized the binding of insulin to specific
      receptors present in the proximal tubular basolateral membrane. Binding of
      insulin to its receptor in this membrane is thought to initiate events that lead
      to the phosphorylation of that receptor. Such insulin-stimulated phosphorylation
      may mediate hormonal action. A possible role for insulin-like growth factor II in
      the modulation of the actions of insulin has been suggested by observations in
      the kidney and in nonrenal cells. These findings are integrated into a model
      characterizing the nature of the interaction of insulin with the renal proximal
      tubular cell.

PMID- 3893159
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide in the regulation of renin secretion.
AB  - We have previously shown that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a renin
      stimulating factor both in vivo and in vitro. In the present investigation we
      sought to determine whether VIP exerted this effect by a neural or humoral
      mechanism. To test for a neural effect, the renal nerves were stimulated on one
      side for 30 min in anesthetized dogs, and plasma VIP and renin levels were
      determined in the renal venous effluent. The stimulation significantly increased
      plasma renin activity in arterial and renal venous plasma but had no effect on
      VIP concentrations. A humoral action was tested in two ways. First, plasma renin
      activity was measured before and after elevating circulating levels of
      endogenously produced VIP using intravenous neostigmine (0.07 mg/kg) in control,
      renal-denervated, and propranolol-pretreated animals. In all three groups, the
      elevated plasma level of VIP was associated with a significant increase in plasma
      renin activity. Second, plasma levels of VIP were determined in conscious dogs
      with elevated plasma renin activity produced by either a low-salt diet or
      hemorrhage. In both cases, plasma renin activity was significantly elevated as
      expected, but plasma levels of VIP were unchanged. These data suggest that the
      effects of VIP on renin secretion are not mediated by release of the peptide from
      the renal nerves, the circulating level of endogenously produced VIP can be
      elevated sufficiently to stimulate renin secretion, but a humoral role of VIP in
      the elevated plasma renin activity produced by low-salt diet or hemorrhage seems
      unlikely.+

PMID- 3893160
TI  - Restoration of coronary dilator action of adenosine in experimental diabetes.
AB  - We have recently shown that the coronary dilator action of adenosine is reduced
      in animals with experimental diabetes mellitus. Effects of insulin replacement
      are reported in the present study. Lambs, age 6-17 days, were studied 1-2 days
      after induction of diabetes with alloxan (150 mg/kg; n = 6). These were compared
      with nondiabetic controls, age 4-15 days (n = 5). A third group was studied after
      8-15 days of diabetes (n = 3). In the acute diabetics blood glucose was 362 +/-
      48 mg/dl. Heart rate, dP/dtmax, and myocardial O2 consumption did not differ from
      controls, but pH tended to be lower (7.29 +/- 0.03). Adenosine was given by left
      ventricular infusion. Coronary flow changes were significantly lower at all
      infusion rates (3-15 micrograms X min-1 X kg-1) in the untreated diabetics. Dose
      response curves before and after insulin (10 U/kg) were identical in controls.
      However, in the diabetics, insulin enhanced the dilator response to adenosine,
      and changes in coronary flow at each infusion rate did not differ from controls.
      Aminophylline (6 mg/kg) abolished or sharply reduced the dilator responses to
      adenosine in both controls and diabetics (P less than 0.01). Animals diabetic 1-2
      wk were unresponsive to adenosine. But after insulin, the nucleoside elicited
      vigorous coronary dilatation. It is concluded that insulinopenic diabetes is
      accompanied by sharply reduced adenosine sensitivity of coronary resistance
      vessels. Sensitivity is restored by giving insulin. This hormone may modulate
      adenosine receptor properties of vascular smooth muscle.

PMID- 3893161
TI  - A comparison of ascorbate and glucose transport in the heart.
AB  - Multiple indicator-dilution experiments were done to compare the transcapillary
      exchange of tracer amounts of L-[14C]ascorbate and D-[3H]glucose (against an
      intravascular reference 131I-albumin) in Ringer-perfused (5 mM glucose) isolated
      rabbit hearts. The indicator-dilution curves for the two were virtually
      superimposed over the first 40-80 s. Estimates of the capillary permeability
      surface area products, PSc, were the same, 2.3 +/- 0.7 (SD) ml X g-1 X min-1 (n =
      18), in accord with the coincidence of their instantaneous extractions. The
      similarity of glucose and ascorbate permeabilities is explained by the similarity
      in molecular weights and passive diffusivity, their lipophobic nature, and the
      paucity of carrier-mediated endothelial transport for either molecule. The data
      were analyzed via a model composed of aggregates of spatially distributed
      capillary-tissue units (capillary blood, interstitium, myocytes) accounting for
      the heterogeneity of regional flows. The interstitial volumes in this preparation
      are enlarged, 0.30 +/- 0.04 ml/g. There is substantial entry into myocardial
      cells, the cell permeability-surface area products being approximately 2-3 ml X g
      1 X min-1 for ascorbate and glucose. The estimated volumes of interstitial and
      intracellular space, 0.30 and 0.47 ml X g-1 X min-1, reflect interstitial edema
      and are very close to measured values, giving reassurance concerning the methods
      of modeling analysis.

PMID- 3893162
TI  - Effect of prostaglandins on bradykinin-induced visceral-cardiac reflexes.
AB  - We examined the effect of prostaglandins on the reflex cardiovascular response to
      bradykinin applied to the abdominal organs of anesthetized cats. Bradykinin (10
      micrograms/ml) was applied to the serosal surface of the stomach, gallbladder, or
      jejunum before and after injection of indomethacin (2-10 micrograms/ml iv) and
      after application of 1 microgram/ml of prostaglandins E1, E2, or F2 alpha (PGE1,
      PGE2, PGF2 alpha) or prostacyclin (PGI2). In six cats, stimulation of the stomach
      with bradykinin significantly increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) by 37 +/- 5
      (SE) mmHg and maximal dP/dt by 633 +/- 101 mmHg/s. Following indomethacin the
      bradykinin-induced increases in MAP and dP/dt were significantly reduced to 19 +/
      4 mmHg and 191 +/- 58 mmHg/s, respectively. Treatment with PGE1, PGE2, or PGI2,
      but not PGF2 alpha, restored the initial bradykinin response. The gallbladder and
      jejunum responded similarly. Also application of exogenous prostaglandins, PGE2
      or PGI2, to the stomach, gallbladder, or jejunum significantly augmented the
      cardiovascular response to bradykinin. Finally, PGE2 restored a portion of the
      cardiovascular response to bradykinin following the development of tachyphylaxis.
      We conclude that prostaglandins are necessary for the full manifestation of the
      cardiovascular response to bradykinin.

PMID- 3893163
TI  - Renin release in turtles: effects of volume depletion and furosemide
      administration.
AB  - To gain insight into the phylogenetic history of mechanisms controlling renin
      release, we conducted studies in the freshwater turtle Pseudemys scripta.
      Maneuvers known to stimulate renin release in mammals were evoked in the turtle,
      and the response was compared with that in mammals. Cumulative hemorrhage (30%
      blood vol) in anesthetized turtles failed to increase renin even though arterial
      pressure was reduced to 50% of control. An even more severe hemorrhage (60% blood
      loss) or hypotension induced by nitroprusside infusion in unanesthetized turtles
      also failed to evoke an enhanced level of renin. However, under identical
      experimental conditions, a 15% blood loss in rats increased renin at least
      fourfold (P less than 0.01). In other studies 48 h of furosemide administration
      in awake turtles increased renin more than threefold (P less than 0.05) and were
      accompanied by concomitant reductions in plasma sodium and potassium (P less than
      0.05). The general conclusions drawn from these studies is that renin secretion
      in this primitive vertebrate is similar to that in mammals with respect to renal
      tubular and electrolyte mechanisms, but unlike all mammals tested these turtles
      do not possess an intrarenal baroreceptor component in renin control.

PMID- 3893164
TI  - Renal responses to hypoxemia during renin-angiotensin system inhibition in fetal
      lambs.
AB  - The role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in modulating the renal
      hemodynamic and functional responses to hypoxemia was studied in chronically
      catheterized fetal lambs (132-143 days gestation; term 145 days) before and
      during administration of either captopril or [Sar1-Gly8]ANG II. Base-line mean
      arterial blood pressure decreased significantly after administration of either
      captopril or [Sar1-Gly8]ANG II. This decrease was associated with a significant
      decline in renal vascular resistance (RVR) in captopril-treated fetuses, whereas
      no changes in RVR were observed in [Sar1-Gly8]ANG II-treated fetuses. However,
      the decline in renal blood flow (RBF) and the rise in RVR associated with
      hypoxemia in control fetuses were not attenuated significantly during inhibition
      of the RAS using either captopril or [Sar1-Gly8]ANG II. Moreover neither
      captopril nor [Sar1-Gly8]ANG II blunted the hypertensive response associated with
      fetal hypoxemia. The renal functional response to captopril was different from
      the response observed during infusion of [Sar1-Gly8]ANG II. Administration of
      [Sar1-Gly8]ANG II produced significant decreases in urinary flow rate (UFR),
      glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and urinary electrolyte (Na+, K+, Cl-)
      excretion rates, whereas no changes were observed during captopril infusion. The
      effects of hypoxemia on renal function were not modified after captopril.
      However, [Sar1-Gly8]ANG II tended to increase UFR and GFR, but these changes were
      pressure-dependent and not directly related to inhibition of the RAS. This study
      suggests that the RAS is not an important mediator of the fetal renal hemodynamic
      and functional responses to hypoxemia.

PMID- 3893165
TI  - Effects of adrenalectomy on energy balance of obese mice are diet dependent.
AB  - Obese (ob/ob) and lean mice were adrenalectomized at 3 or 6 wk of age and fed a
      high-carbohydrate stock diet or a high-fat semipurified diet for 3 wk.
      Adrenalectomy of obese mice fed the stock diet reduced the energy intake, energy
      gain, and efficiency of energy retention so that the values equaled those of lean
      mice. Hindlimb muscle gain of adrenalectomized obese mice fed the stock diet
      increased by 50-100%, and concentrations of plasma insulin were reduced so that
      they also approached values in lean mice. In contrast to results obtained when
      the stock diet was fed, adrenalectomy of obese mice fed the high-fat diet
      resulted in only slight reductions in energy intake, energy gain, or efficiency
      of energy retention. Likewise, muscle gain was not improved nor were plasma
      insulin concentrations decreased when adrenalectomized obese mice were fed the
      high-fat diet. Although adrenal secretions contribute substantially to the gross
      obesity that develops in ob/ob mice fed the stock diet, these secretions are
      unnecessary for development of obesity in ob/ob mice fed the high-fat diet.
      Factors other than adrenal secretions per se, which are influenced by diet
      composition, thus mediate development of obesity in ob/ob mice.

PMID- 3893166
TI  - Differential secretion and removal of multiple renin forms.
AB  - Hepatic clearance of renin in anesthetized dogs was measured during aortic
      constriction and after nephrectomy. Aortic constriction caused a transient
      increase in the hepatic extraction ratio for renin (ER) from 0.34 +/- 0.05 to
      0.52 +/- 0.05, whereas nephrectomy caused the ER to decrease with time.
      Isoelectric focusing of plasma samples over an average pH gradient of 4.0-6.2
      yielded several peaks of renin activity. Peaks focusing above pH 5.0 were
      combined and arbitrarily classified as basic renin, whereas peaks below pH 5.0
      were classified as acidic renin. In each period the ER for basic renin was
      significantly greater than that for acidic renin. The proportion of basic renin
      was transiently increased at 10 min (59 +/- 4%) compared with control (41 +/-
      4%). This contributed to the increased ER after constriction. The decreased ER
      after nephrectomy, however, was not solely due to differential removal of these
      forms. We conclude that hepatic clearance of renin is partly a function of the
      type of renin secreted by the kidney, which in turn may change with the duration
      of the secretory stimulus.

PMID- 3893167
TI  - Hilde Bruch, M.D. 1904-1984.

PMID- 3893168
TI  - Should autistic children be treated with haloperidol?

PMID- 3893169
TI  - The immunoglobulin class of antispermatozoal antibodies in serum.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the immunoglobulin class of circulating
      antisperm antibody using a technique called the indirect immunobead test (IBT).
      In the IBT sperm bound antibodies are detected using polyacrylamide beads coated
      with rabbit antihuman immunoglobulin classes IgG, IgA, and IgM. Of the 20
      infertile men with serum immobilizins, 100% were found to be positive for sperm
      bound IgG, 50% positive for IgA, and 0% positive for IgM, using the IBT.
      Similarly, 20 infertile females with serum immobilizins showed 95% positivity for
      IgG, 60% for IgA, and 15% for IgM. Thus there was a good correspondence between
      the presence of serum immobilizins as determined by the sperm immobilization test
      (SIT) and the IBT. This study provides data that indicates that IgG and IgA are
      the two major immunoglobulin classes of sperm antibody in male and female immune
      sera as detected by a simple, sensitive immunological technique, the serum IBT.

PMID- 3893170
TI  - Clarifying antibody-mediated infertility.

PMID- 3893171
TI  - Immunohistochemical findings in acute atherosis associated with intrauterine
      growth retardation.
AB  - Lesions of acute atherosis in 23 placentas from pregnancies complicated by fetal
      growth retardation (less than tenth percentile) were studied by an
      immunoperoxidase staining. Twelve of them were from normotensive pregnancies, ten
      complicated by pregnancy induced hypertension, and the remaining associated with
      systemic lupus erythematosus. Twenty-three placentas with physiological changes
      of the spiral arteries corresponding to normal pregnancies served as controls.
      Six of the cases complicated by fetal growth retardation showed absence of
      physiological changes in basal decidua. Massive intramural granular deposits of
      IgM, a smaller amount of C3 and C1q, and slight deposits of IgA and IgG were
      found in vessels with acute atherosis. No intramural deposition of
      immunoglobulins or complement was observed in vessels with or without
      physiological changes. The presence of granular deposits of immunoglobulins and
      complement within the vessel walls with acute atherosis may be related to an
      immunological disorder, probably mediated by immune complexes.

PMID- 3893172
TI  - An improved indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection
      of antisperm antibodies.
AB  - An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection
      of antisperm antibodies which provides a sensitivity and ease of quantitation
      that is not available with conventional bioassay systems. A standardized protocol
      was developed in which washed whole sperm were coated onto polystyrene microelisa
      plates at a density of 1 X 10(5) sperm per well using a commercially available
      spray fixative. Urease was employed in the enzyme-antiimmunoglobulin conjugate to
      minimize nonspecific background reactions. Diluted positive and negative human
      sera were incubated at 37 degrees C and the results were read on an ELISA auto
      reader. Using mouse antihuman sperm antisera and sera from selected infertile
      patients, it was found that the ELISA method was significantly more sensitive
      than the sperm microimmobilization test and the microtray agglutination test. The
      results also confirmed that the ELISA detected a different spectrum of sperm
      antibodies compared with the other two techniques.

PMID- 3893173
TI  - Ultrastructural alterations of term human amnionic epithelium following
      incubation with group B beta-hemolytic streptococci.
AB  - The association between the group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GBBHS) and
      premature labor, premature rupture of the membranes, and chorioamnionitis with
      intact membranes is well known. However, the mechanisms involved in this
      association remain unclear. In this study we incubated term chorioamniotic
      membranes from patients undergoing elective repeat cesarean section in double
      armed incubation vessels that isolated the maternal from the fetal surfaces. The
      GBBHS was placed adjacent to the maternal surface and incubated for 2, 4, 8, 12,
      and 24 hr. Control membrane specimens from the same patient were incubated under
      identical conditions for identical time periods but without the presence of
      GBBHS. Examination of the specimens by transmission electron microscopy revealed
      progressive nuclear and basement membrane alteration in the study group that was
      maximal at 12 hr. There was also a progressive decrease in desmosome counts in
      the study membranes. These in vitro changes support the in vivo association of
      GBBHS with the aforementioned obstetric complications.

PMID- 3893174
TI  - Nonunions of stress fractures of the tibia.
AB  - Stress fractures of the tibia commonly occur in the proximal metaphysis and heal
      readily with rest. Fractures of the middle third of the tibia, on the other hand,
      are uncommon. We encountered six stress fractures of the middle third of the
      tibia over a 5 year period. None of these fractures healed with simple
      immobilization. One was treated with electromagnetic stimulation and failed to
      unite 2 years after presentation. One patient underwent a biopsy of the lesion
      without bone grafting and it had not healed when he was last seen. One patient
      sustained two acute complete fractures, and the stress fracture finally healed
      after the second acute fracture was openly reduced and internally fixed. The
      other three lesions were excised and grafted because of failure to unite. They
      all healed promptly. Stress fractures of the middle third of the tibia are
      unusual lesions. However, care must be taken in treating them. The patient must
      protect the extremity until the fracture has completely healed. Surgical excision
      and bone grafting of the lesion may be required if the fracture does not heal
      with plaster immobilization.

PMID- 3893175
TI  - The varied histopathology of lymphadenopathy in the homosexual male.
AB  - We review the clinical features and histopathologic changes observed in 69 cases
      of lymphadenopathy in homosexual men. The most common pattern seen was that of
      florid reactive follicular hyperplasia (43 cases). A peculiar and distinctive
      lysis of the germinal centers, a phenomenon we have termed "follicle lysis," was
      noted in 25 cases. Eighteen of these lymph nodes also contained sinusal
      collections of "monocytoid" cells and neutrophils and six showed focal
      dermatopathic changes. Seven cases were characterized by a lymphocyte-depleted
      pattern with only occasional regressively transformed germinal centers. Nine
      patients were found to have involvement of their lymph nodes by Kaposi's sarcoma;
      malignant lymphomas were encountered in 10 patients (eight with Hodgkin's disease
      and two with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas). Polykaryocytes (multinucleated giant
      cells) were observed in germinal centers or interfollicular areas within the
      lymph nodes of four patients. Limited clinical follow-up was available but the
      lymphocyte-depleted group appeared to have a more aggressive clinical course
      (three patients in this group developed pneumocystis pneumonia, two had
      mycobacterial infections and one cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma). The diverse nature
      of these findings and the potential for treatment of certain patients (i.e.,
      those with malignant lymphomas and mycobacterial infections) underlines the
      importance of lymph node biopsy in all cases of unexplained lymphadenopathy in
      homosexuals and other individuals susceptible to the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome (AIDS). The histopathologic findings may also serve to identify a
      subgroup of these patients at increased risk to develop more severe AIDS-related
      complications.

PMID- 3893176
TI  - Incidence of recurrent or residual stenosis after carotid endarterectomy.
AB  - The incidences of recurrent and residual stenosis after carotid endarterectomy
      have been controversial. Duplex scanning has recently provided an accurate
      noninvasive method of quantifying areas of arterial narrowing, and this technique
      was used in 122 postendarterectomy vessels from 71 men and 35 women with a mean
      age of 65.2 years. The average time interval between operation and scanning was
      26.3 months (range 1 month to 11.76 years). Postoperative examination of the
      internal carotid artery revealed no stenosis in 78 vessels, less than 50 percent
      area reduction in 17 vessels, 50 to 75 percent stenosis in 11 vessels, more than
      75 percent area reduction in 9 vessels, and total occlusion in 7 vessels. Thus,
      22 percent of the vessels (27 of 122) had total occlusion or more than 50 percent
      area reduction after carotid endarterectomy. This is a higher rate of recurrent
      stenosis than was diagnosed by oculoplethysmography, where 7 of 52 vessels (13
      percent) had a positive oculoplethysmogram after operation. These data show that
      the reported incidence of residual or recurrent stenosis after carotid
      endarterectomy is heavily dependent on the testing method used. Duplex scanning
      documents a 22 percent frequency of residual or recurrent stenosis, a figure
      higher than has been reported with less sensitive tests.

PMID- 3893177
TI  - Colonization of intravascular catheters in the intensive care unit.
AB  - A prospective study of intravascular catheters (arterial, Swan-Ganz, and central
      venous) in two hospitals with similar intensive care units revealed an overall 25
      percent colonization rate (more than 15 colony counts). Arterial catheters had
      the lowest colonization rate and central venous catheters had the highest.
      Arterial, Swan-Ganz, and central venous catheters are possible sources of
      nosocomial infections and septicemia. They should be inserted only when
      necessary. A critical review of our data and the literature suggests that future
      studies should examine the potential benefits of assiduous insertion technique,
      improved dressing care, intravascular delivery systems, and the choice of
      catheter.

PMID- 3893178
TI  - Cyclosporine-associated renal arteriopathy resulting in loss of allograft
      function.
AB  - Cyclosporine-associated arteriopathy was the cause of graft loss in 40 percent of
      all allografts that failed in a series of 200 consecutive cadaveric renal
      transplants. Arteriopathy was diagnosed by biopsy and renal uptake of indium 111m
      labeled platelets in the face of acute renal deterioration. A moderate
      thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic picture of hemolytic uremia was also
      present on peripheral blood smear. Immunofluorescence and histologic
      characteristics of the allograft biopsy specimens failed to show evidence for
      acute rejection: immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, C1q, C3,
      and C4 were not present, and there was no evidence of an interstitial or vascular
      mononuclear cellular infiltrate. Two clinical presentations have been described.
      In Group I (seven patients), anuria occurred rapidly within the first 2 weeks
      after transplantation. In Group II (nine patients) renal function gradually
      diminished 1 to 5 months after starting cyclosporine therapy. Fifteen of the 16
      recipients had progressive and irreversible loss of renal function which was
      pathologically associated with fibrin deposition, intimal proliferation, and
      thrombotic occlusion of the cortical interlobular and arcuate arteries, with
      subsequent focal glomerular ischemia and cortical infarction. One recipient with
      rapid loss of renal function received an intraarterial allograft infusion of
      streptokinase and subsequent systemic heparinization, which resulted in return of
      normal allograft function. The syndrome of cyclosporine-associated arteriopathy
      has been linked to a lack of or reduced amounts of prostacyclin-stimulating
      factor or prostacyclin.

PMID- 3893179
TI  - Postinfarction ventricular aneurysmectomy.
AB  - Most operations performed for the treatment of ventricular aneurysm do not
      achieve maximal rehabilitation of the damaged heart. Cardiac surgeons generally
      ignore the importance of the flail septum that results from anteroseptal
      infarction. Many believe that the obstructed left anterior descending coronary
      artery must be carefully avoided during closure of the ventriculotomy incision.
      In addition, many surgeons believe that it is necessary to buttress all
      ventricular sutures with Teflon. For some reason, there seems to be a fear that
      the left ventricular volume will be reduced to an intolerable level after proper
      ventricular aneurysmectomy. Between January 1976 and December 1982, 102 patients
      underwent ventricular aneurysmectomy at St. Joseph's Hospital Health Center. The
      hospital mortality rate was 5.9 percent. The operative technique described
      emphasizes the need for foreshortening the fibrosed septum in an effort to
      minimize residual paradoxic motion. The left anterior descending coronary artery
      is routinely incorporated in the eversion technique; Teflon buttressing is never
      employed. Our surgical technique has evolved from a surgical experience that
      began in 1962 at the Cleveland Clinic Hospital.

PMID- 3893180
TI  - A single layer open anastomosis for all intestinal structures.
AB  - Dissatisfaction with time-consuming double layer anastomoses in intestinal
      surgery and with occasionally questionable stapled anastomoses prompted a review
      of available techniques for hand sewn suture lines. Single layer anastomoses have
      been used extensively and their integrity and safety have often been questioned.
      In 1951, Gambee described a method of single layer anastomosis which, in
      practice, is a double layer technique. His results at 10 years were comparable to
      those obtained with other techniques. We have sought a modification to decrease
      anastomotic complications and improve ease of suture insertion. Along with a
      description of technique, a review of 170 anastomoses performed from July 1982 to
      June 1984 is presented without a single clinically apparent leak.

PMID- 3893181
TI  - Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. Evolution of a concept.

PMID- 3893182
TI  - Management of acute and chronic disorders of the trachea and subglottis.
AB  - During a 14 year period, 22 patients with stricture, acute laryngeal injury, and
      cancer were treated. Nine patients had postintubation tracheal stenosis and
      underwent tracheal resection with good to excellent results. Six patients had
      strictures after tracheostomy. In one patient, stenosis occurred after repair and
      repeated dilatation was necessary. He subsequently had to undergo repeat
      tracheostomy, but the tube was later removed and his symptoms disappeared. Our
      current preference for suture is either 3-0 polypropylene or polyglycolic acid.
      Acute separation of the trachea can occur with trauma to the neck, either by
      garrotting or direct blunt force. The diagnosis is suspected when endotracheal
      intubation is impossible and a step off below the larynx and crepitation exists.
      Emergency tracheostomy is necessary, however, and primary repair can be delayed
      for up to 24 hours if other conditions require attention. Tracheal resection for
      squamous cell carcinoma is possible, but only a small group of patients may be
      surgical candidates.

PMID- 3893183
TI  - The Kock pouch as a urinary reservoir. Pitfalls and perspectives.
AB  - The Kock continent urinary reservoir is a feasible alternative to traditional
      methods of urinary diversion in properly motivated patients who are anxious to
      exchange a convenient external appliance for frequent reservoir catheterization.
      The major shortcomings are increased operative time, loss of a long segment of
      small bowel, and an approximate 10 percent incidence of major reoperation. Long
      term results are unknown. Facility with the operation requires extensive
      experience and attention to detail. Most complications are related to inadequate
      fixation of the intussuscepted valves and improper placement of a short terminal
      segment in the abdominal wall. Early repair of malfunctioning valves and distal
      segments that are difficult to catheterize is essential to prevent more severe
      acute complications. Whether the Kock pouch will replace the standard methods of
      urinary diversion must be determined by more extensive clinical experience and
      long-term results.

PMID- 3893184
TI  - Value of high resolution real-time ultrasonography in secondary
      hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Thirty-two patients were treated surgically for symptomatic secondary or tertiary
      hyperparathyroidism, and 27 of these patients had high resolution (10 mHz) real
      time ultrasonography before parathyroidectomy. This preoperative localization
      study identified one or more enlarged hyperplastic parathyroid glands in all but
      one patient who had not had a previous parathyroid operation, and in five of six
      patients who did have previous parathyroid operations. In both of the patients in
      whom no parathyroid glands were identified by ultrasonography the only abnormal
      enlarged parathyroid glands were those situated within the superior mediastinum.
      When large glands are not observed by ultrasonography in patients with severe
      secondary hyperparathyroidism, the glands are usually situated in the superior
      mediastinum, behind the trachea or esophagus, or deeply within the neck. The size
      of the parathyroid glands correlated positively with the serum parathyroid
      hormone level and with the severity of the secondary hyperparathyroidism. Thus,
      the preoperative identification of parathyroid glands by ultrasonography not only
      localizes the site of most hyperplastic parathyroid glands (70 percent of
      patients), but also detects those patients who have enlarged parathyroid glands,
      elevated serum parathyroid hormone levels, and severe secondary
      hyperparathyroidism. These are the patients who are thus unlikely to respond to
      further medical therapy.

PMID- 3893185
TI  - Prevention of otitis media in children by pneumococcal vaccination.
AB  - A total of 3,340 infants, 95 per cent of them 7 to 9 months old, were randomly
      vaccinated in a double-blind fashion with either the 14-valent pneumococcal (Pn)
      polysaccharide vaccine or a saline placebo in three urban areas in Finland. The
      second dose of the vaccine was given 5 months later. Age and sex distribution,
      recruitment of infants, and their otitis-related treatment and follow-up were
      similar in the study areas. Side effects after vaccination were mild and fewer
      than among older children. Antibody responses to vaccine polysaccharides varied
      from type to type, but were generally poor, especially to types most prevalent in
      otitis media. After the first dose of vaccine, the occurrence of otitis visits
      among the Pn-vaccinated, as compared with controls, showed inter-area
      differences, but ranged from not more than a 30 per cent reduction at its best to
      an increase in some areas and in some clinical categories. The respective figures
      for children with acute otitis media were similar between the vaccination groups
      and the study areas. The effect of the vaccine on acute otitis media caused by
      specific Pn types/groups represented in the vaccine was variable but generally
      poor. Group 6 attacks especially seemed to behave problematically. The second
      dose of the vaccine did not give additional benefit serologically or clinically.
      The efficacy of currently available pneumococcal vaccine against otitis media
      seemed poor in infants.

PMID- 3893186
TI  - [The placenta. Ultrasonic and hormonal changes in fetal growth retardation].

PMID- 3893187
TI  - [Ultrasonic study of placental intrauterine growth].

PMID- 3893188
TI  - [Clinical thinking in modern obstetrics. II. The hormonal and cardiotocographic
      aspects].

PMID- 3893189
TI  - [Measurement of the conjugata vera using complex ultrasonic scanning].

PMID- 3893190
TI  - [Complications of contraception with the intrauterine coil].

PMID- 3893191
TI  - [Current concepts of the physiology of uteroplacental circulation].

PMID- 3893192
TI  - [Hormonal balance during pregnancy and labor and some deviations].

PMID- 3893193
TI  - The nitrefazole-ethanol interaction in man: cardiovascular responses and the
      accumulation of acetaldehyde and catecholamines.
AB  - The cardiovascular effects of ethanol ingestion after pretreatment with a new
      antialcohol drug, nitrefazole (2-methyl-4-nitro-1-(4-nitro-phenyl)imidazole,
      Altimol) were studied. Left ventricular function was examined by echocardiography
      and systolic time intervals in six healthy Finnish male volunteers who ingested
      0.15-0.25 g of ethanol/kg, 24 hr after an 800 or 1600-mg peroral dose of
      nitrefazole. After ethanol ingestion, accumulation of acetaldehyde in blood (25
      150 microM) was accompanied by a 1.5-2-fold increase in plasma noradrenaline, a 3
      10-fold increase in plasma adrenaline, and a 0.5-2.0 degrees C rise in skin
      temperature. Heart rate increased by 70% and cardiac output by 107%. Diastolic
      blood pressure decreased by 30% and peripheral vascular resistance by 54%.
      Ejection fraction and maximum circumferential fiber-shortening velocity increased
      by 26 and 71%, respectively; the pre-ejection period/ejection time ratio
      decreased by 46%. An apparent vasovagal collapse was noticed in two nitrefazole
      treated subjects after ethanol ingestion, and a third subject experienced a
      fainting attack shortly after the experiment. Thus, in subjects pretreated with
      nitrefazole, ingestion of rather small amounts of ethanol results in marked
      accumulation of acetaldehyde apparently due to aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition.
      This causes elevation of plasma catecholamines and intense enhancement of cardiac
      performance. The marked cardiovascular changes demonstrate the potency of
      nitrefazole, suggesting that, particularly with alcoholics with occult myocardial
      diseases, its interaction with ethanol may be even more hazardous than that
      produced by other antialcohol drugs.

PMID- 3893194
TI  - Kinetic characterization of two classes of dog liver alcohol dehydrogenase
      isoenzymes.
AB  - In order to relate the catalytic properties of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), the
      rate-limiting enzyme for alcohol metabolism, with the pharmacokinetics of ethanol
      elimination in vivo, the multiple molecular forms of dog liver ADH were purified
      and their steady state kinetics investigated. Two different classes of ADH forms
      were identified by starch gel electrophoresis: the class I isoenzymes migrate to
      the cathode and the class II forms migrate to the anode. Three different patterns
      of the cathodic class I isoenzymes were identified in different liver specimens.
      Three molecular forms were observed for patterns A and C, and five for B. The two
      classes of isoenzymes were separated by affinity chromatography and purified by
      column chromatography. The three predominant class I isoenzymes, A1, B2, and C1,
      in type A, B, and C livers, respectively, were isolated by high performance
      cation-exchange chromatography. The steady state kinetic constants of the A1, B2,
      and C1 isoenzymes are similar, but differ substantially from those of the class
      II enzyme. The class II enzyme is much less sensitive to pyrazole inhibition, Ki
      = 2 mM, than the class I forms, Ki = 0.6 microM. Methanol is not a substrate for
      the class II enzyme, whereas it is oxidized by the class I isoenzymes. The class
      I isoenzymes exhibit a lower Km and substrate inhibition Ki for ethanol, 0.4 and
      160 mM, respectively, than values for the class II enzyme, 10 and 610 mM,
      respectively. The properties of class I and II dog liver ADH are similar to those
      of the respective isoenzymes purified from human and monkey liver.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3893195
TI  - Alcohol withdrawal: effects of clonidine treatment on sympathetic activity, the
      renin-aldosterone system, and clinical symptoms.
AB  - Twenty male alcoholics with alcohol withdrawal syndrome were randomized to
      receive either oral clonidine (3-600 micrograms, six hourly) or oral
      chlormethiazole (500-1000 mg, six hourly) for 4 days. All subjects were also
      given oral carbamazepine (200 mg, 12 hourly) throughout the study. Nine subjects
      given clonidine and eight given chlormethiazole completed the study. Clonidine
      was as effective as chlormethiazole in suppressing the symptoms and signs of
      alcohol withdrawal. However, plasma catecholamines, blood pressure, and pulse
      rate fell more rapidly and to a greater extent during clonidine than following
      chlormethiazole, findings which could have therapeutic implications. It is
      suggested that activation of brain noradrenergic neurons constitutes a common
      denominator in the pathophysiology of several withdrawal syndromes.

PMID- 3893196
TI  - Relapse by alcohol abusers.
AB  - During the first year after treatment, 44% of a sample of alcohol abusers
      reported relapse to alcohol use. Relapse rate increased to a peak at 6 months
      after treatment and then declined. Depressed or anxious mood was the reason most
      frequently given (31%) for relapse. Of subjects who relapsed, almost half (42%)
      reported a subsequent return to abstinence which was then maintained for the
      remainder of the followup period. Of these subjects, half (51%) reported the
      duration of the drinking period to be less than 2 weeks. Of subjects showing a
      daily drinking pattern prior to treatment, 20% showed a daily drinking pattern
      after relapse, 46% showed bouts of drinking and abstinence, and 33% showed
      abstinence with no further drinking. Of subjects showing bouts of drinking prior
      to treatment, none showed a daily drinking pattern after relapse, 44% showed
      bouts of drinking and abstinence, and 56% showed abstinence with no further
      drinking. There was no significant effect of sex or age on relapse rate, time to
      relapse, or reasons for relapse.

PMID- 3893197
TI  - Canine liver aldehyde dehydrogenases: distribution, isolation, and partial
      characterization.
AB  - Canine liver aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) (aldehyde:NAD oxidoreductase; EC
      1.2.1.3) are analogous to enzymes identified in human and other mammalian liver
      tissue in regard to subcellular localization, affinity for substrates, inhibition
      by disulfiram, and effects of magnesium ions on enzyme activity. Aldehyde
      dehydrogenase activity is distributed in the mitochondrial, microsomal, and
      cytosolic fractions of the cell. Four isoenzymes designated ALDH IA, IB, IIA, and
      IIB have been isolated from canine liver via ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion
      exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography. Based on cell fractionation
      followed by enzyme isolation, ALDH IA and IB appear to be extramitochondrial
      whereas ALDH IIA and IIB appear to be mitochondrial in origin. ALDH IA has a high
      Km for acetaldehyde (3 mM) and propionaldehyde (4 mM). ALDH IB and IIA have Km
      values for acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde in the range of 4-60 microM. ALDH IIB
      has the lowest Km of the four isoenzymes for acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde (1
      3 microM). All four isoenzymes have Km values for NAD in the range of 4-70
      microM. ALDH IB and IIA are sensitive to inhibition by disulfiram whereas ALDH IA
      and IIB are resistant. Magnesium ions inhibit ALDH IA, IB, and IIA whereas ALDH
      IIB activity is stimulated approximately 2-fold. Magnesium ions do not affect
      molecular weight estimates of the isoenzymes as determined by gel filtration
      chromatography.

PMID- 3893198
TI  - Analysis of human alcohol- and aldehyde-metabolizing isozymes by electrophoresis
      and isoelectric focusing.
AB  - Isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis were used to identify the various
      isozymes of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), aldehyde
      oxidase (AOX), and xanthine oxidase (XOX). ADH types I, II, and III were located
      primarily in the cytosol fraction of liver, but some activity was found also in
      the small granule fraction. The ALDH-I and -IV isozymes were found in the large
      granule fraction, while ALDH-II and -III were present in the cytosol and ALDH-V
      in the small granule fraction. AOX and XOX each appeared as a single cytosolic
      form with some small granule activity. The tissue distribution of these isozymes
      is presented and the physiological role of each enzyme is discussed.

PMID- 3893199
TI  - Lowering of blood acetaldehyde but not ethanol concentrations by pantethine
      following alcohol ingestion: different effects in flushing and nonflushing
      subjects.
AB  - A rise in blood acetaldehyde concentrations following alcohol ingestion was
      significantly inhibited when healthy nonflushing subjects were administered a
      clinical dose of pantethine orally. However, similar findings were not observed
      in flushing (alcohol-sensitive) subjects lacking hepatic low Km aldehyde
      dehydrogenase (ALDH). The blood ethanol concentrations were not altered by this
      treatment in either flushing or nonflushing subjects. Acetaldehyde (45 microM)
      added in vitro to whole blood and plasma obtained 1 hr after pantethine
      administration disappeared as the incubation continued similarly as with blood
      and plasma obtained prior to pantethine treatment. Pantethine-related
      metabolites, such as taurine, pantetheine, coenzyme A, and pantothenate,
      activated ALDH in vitro. Hepatic acetaldehyde levels following ethanol loading of
      rats treated with pantethine were much lower than in untreated rats. The
      pantethine action observed only in nonflushing subjects might be due to an
      accelerated oxidation of acetaldehyde by the activation of low Km ALDH by
      pantethine-related metabolites formed in the liver.

PMID- 3893200
TI  - The effects of ethanol on mucociliary clearance.
AB  - Mucociliary clearance by the in vitro frog palate can be used as a model to study
      such clearance by mammalian lung. Frog palates bathed in Ringer's solution
      exhibited a constant mucociliary clearance rate for over 2 hr. When the bathing
      solution was exchanged for one containing ethanol, the mucociliary clearance rate
      was detectably inhibited by 300 mg/100 ml (mg%) ethanol and significantly
      inhibited by 400 (50%) and 500 mg% (67%) ethanol. At a concentration of 500 but
      not 200 mg%, ethanol significantly increased both the amount and the apparent
      viscosity of the frog palate mucus secreted in 1 hr. Mucus removed from palates
      bathed in Ringer's solution containing 500 mg% ethanol had no effect on the
      mucociliary clearance of palates bathed in Ringer's solution alone, and mucus
      from palates bathed in Ringer's solution alone failed to restore the mucociliary
      clearance of palates bathed in Ringer's solution containing 500 mg% ethanol.
      These results suggest that while mucus secretion and rheology are affected by
      ethanol, such changes in palate mucus do not account for the ethanol-induced
      inhibition of mucociliary clearance, but rather that the inhibition is the result
      of a ciliotoxic action of ethanol. Prior exposure of palates to histamine
      significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of 500 mg% ethanol on mucociliary
      clearance, while 200 mg% ethanol significantly potentiated the inhibitory effect
      of dopamine. It is concluded that the neurohumoral environment of the ciliated
      epithelium in part determines the effect a given concentration of ethanol will
      have on mucociliary clearance.

PMID- 3893201
TI  - Seasonal, monthly, and day-of-week trends in homicide as affected by alcohol and
      race.
AB  - Monthly, seasonal, and day-of-week patterns in criminal homicide were studied
      specifically with respect to the victim's alcohol consumption, race, or both.
      There were no overall significant monthly or seasonal patterns although day-of
      the-week was a significant factor affecting homicide. Alcohol did not affect
      monthly seasonal fluctuations for whites but did affect such fluctuations for
      blacks. The interaction between day-of-the-week and alcohol was not significant,
      failing to support the possibility that high weekend rates for homicide are
      related to higher alcohol consumption.

PMID- 3893202
TI  - Effects of ethanol on reproduction and arterial hypertension in spontaneously
      hypertensive and normotensive rats: a preliminary communication.
AB  - Ethanol consumption and spontaneous (essential) hypertension are important fetal
      and maternal risk factors. Alone, they contribute to embryopathy (fetal alcohol
      syndrome) or maternal organ pathology and fetal loss in hypertensive pregnancies.
      Combined, the effects of ethanol consumption on the progress of a hypertensive
      pregnancy have not been adequately investigated. In the present study, groups of
      O-A strain genetic hypertensive (SHR: groups 1 and 2) and Wistar-Kyoto
      normotensive (WKY: groups 3 and 4) pregnant rats were given 20 ml/kg of distilled
      water by gavage to serve as controls [groups 1 (SHR) and 3 (WKY)] or 3.2 g/kg of
      ethanol [groups 2 (SHR) and 4 (WKY)] from days 6 to 15 of gestation. During
      acclimation, hypertension developed in SHR rats (WKY pressures were 105 to 114 mm
      Hg; SHR pressures were 137 to 148 mm Hg). From day 6 to 15 of gestation, ethanol
      consuming rats (groups 2 and 4) had higher arterial pressures than controls
      (groups 1 and 3). Pregnant SHR rats given ethanol did not experience a
      prebirthing hypotension. On gestation day 20, most offspring (84%, group 2; 86%,
      group 4) of alcoholic dams were dead or malformed. Intrauterine growth
      retardation occurred in group 4. Hydrocephalus, microphthalmia, and mild
      hydronephrosis and hydroureter were common in live offspring of group 2 dams.
      Hydronephrosis and hydroureter were increased in group 4 pups. Variant cranial
      ossification was noted in group 2 and 4 pups. These preliminary data suggest an
      altered hypertensive response during pregnancy in alcohol-consuming rats and
      confirm the embryopathic effects of relatively high levels of ethanol consumed
      during the critical period of organogenesis in two additional strains of rats.

PMID- 3893203
TI  - Ethanol tolerance of cerebellar purkinje neurons from selectively outbred mouse
      lines: in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological investigations.
AB  - The electrophysiological activity of cerebellar Purkinje neurons was
      characterized in long sleep (LS: ethanol sensitive) and short sleep (SS: ethanol
      insensitive) mice made tolerant to ethanol. After 1 to 4 weeks of feeding on a
      liquid ethanol diet, mice of both lines were less sensitive to the sedative and
      ataxic effects of parenteral ethanol than were controls. In addition, cerebellar
      Purkinje cells in ethanol-fed LS and SS mice were less responsive than the
      controls to the depressant effects of ethanol applied via bath perfusion in vitro
      and via local pressure ejection application in vivo. Tolerance to the
      electrophysiological effects of ethanol were already apparent after 7 to 9 days
      on the ethanol diet, and the degree of tolerance did not increase significantly
      in either mouse line fed ethanol for an additional 1-3 weeks. Finally, the
      differences in ethanol sensitivities of naive mice (LS greater than SS) were
      maintained following the development of tolerance. We conclude that tolerance to
      both the cellular and behavioral depressant effects of ethanol can be observed
      after chronic feeding with ethanol in LS and SS mice, and that there are no
      significant differences in the degree of tolerance developed by these mice. In
      addition, our data suggest that the inherited differences in ethanol sensitivity
      between LS and SS mice, and the changes in ethanol sensitivity which occur in
      these mice with chronic exposure to this depressant agent, are mediated by
      different mechanisms.

PMID- 3893204
TI  - Whistle-blowers take risk to halt wrongdoing.

PMID- 3893205
TI  - Code offers guidance to nurses in private practice.

PMID- 3893206
TI  - The management of anaesthesia for patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The clinical problems of patients with cystic fibrosis who require anaesthesia
      are reviewed. The management and the complications of anaesthesia in 77 patients
      over a 3-year period are presented. The long term effects of anaesthesia are
      analysed by a study of the lung function tests of these patients. The results
      suggest that even multiple procedures, as for instance nasal polypectomy, are not
      harmful. A method for safe peroperative management is presented.

PMID- 3893207
TI  - Prolonged sedation and paralysis in a pregnant patient. Delivery of an infant
      with a normal Apgar score.
AB  - The spontaneous delivery of an infant with normal Apgar scores following 16 hours
      of maternal paralysis and sedation with atracurium and Althesin is described. A
      coincidental complication of subclavian vein thrombosis possibly due to the
      infusion of Althesin through the central venous catheter is also discussed.

PMID- 3893208
TI  - A comparative study of techniques of postoperative analgesia following caesarean
      section and lower abdominal surgery.
AB  - A double-blind, within-patient trial was carried out to compare intramuscular
      pethidine 100 mg, epidural pethidine 50 mg and epidural bupivacaine 25 mg for
      pain relief on the day after caesarean section or lower abdominal gynaecological
      surgery. Analgesia was assessed on a visual analogue pain scale. Forced
      expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1.0) and venous plasma catecholamine levels
      were measured immediately before and approximately thirty minutes after each
      treatment. At the completion of the study the treatments were ranked in order of
      patient preference. Nineteen patients completed the trial. Analgesia provided by
      epidural pethidine 50 mg was superior to intramuscular pethidine 100 mg (p less
      than 0.05) but not statistically better than epidural bupivacaine. There was no
      significant difference in the duration of analgesia between the active
      treatments. A mean increase in FEV 1.0 of 18% occurred after both of the epidural
      treatments, but this did not achieve statistical significance. There was no
      significant change in catecholamine levels after any of the treatments. Epidural
      pethidine was preferred by patients over and above intramuscular pethidine and
      epidural bupivacaine (p less than 0.05).

PMID- 3893209
TI  - Evaluation of the technique of central venous catheterisation via the external
      jugular vein using the J-wire.
AB  - This paper reports the results of a prospective study to evaluate the success
      rate and incidence of complications with the external jugular approach to central
      venous cannulation using a J-tipped spring guide wire. In a personal series of
      100 consecutive patients in whom the technique was attempted, successful
      placement was achieved in 90, but more importantly there were no immediate
      technical complications. During the study, internal jugular cannulation was used
      in fourteen patients because either an external jugular vein was not visible
      (four patients), could not be cannulated (three patients), or the guide wire
      could not be manipulated into an intrathoracic position (seven patients). The
      technique is recommended as the initial method where central venous cannulation
      must be performed under suboptimal conditions and in very sick patients in whom a
      serious complication may prove to be fatal.

PMID- 3893210
TI  - Recently developed alternatives to conventional mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 3893211
TI  - Prolonged neuromuscular blockade after renal transplantation.

PMID- 3893212
TI  - Error analysis in titration microcalorimetry of biochemical systems.
AB  - A simplified method for titrations of biochemical systems is described as well as
      extensive error propagation through the data analysis. This work uses a Tronac
      Model 450 isoperibol titration calorimeter. Sample volumes of 2 ml are used and
      total heats of less than 5 mcal can be routinely measured. The binding of 3'-CMP
      to bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A is used to illustrate the methods. The
      binding enthalpy can be determined with a standard deviation of 1.5% and the free
      energy with a standard deviation of 2 to 3%.

PMID- 3893213
TI  - An enzymatic determination of D-glucaric acid by conversion to pyruvate.
AB  - A method was developed for determination of D-glucaric acid by treatment with a
      bacterial extract containing glucarate dehydratase and ketodeoxyglucarate
      aldolase. This led to the quantitative formation of pyruvate, which was then
      assayed by use of lactate dehydrogenase. Measurements of D-glucarate in
      individual samples of human urine by this technique were compared with those by
      the commonly used method of beta-glucuronidase inhibition, and gave values for D
      glucarate content which were about 25% higher, but with otherwise good
      correlation.

PMID- 3893214
TI  - The racemization rate of selenomethionine and methionine in yeast at 100 degrees
      C and neutral pH.
AB  - The rate of racemization of selenomethionine in yeast at 100 degrees C and pH 7.4
      was determined using gas chromatography to separate the trifluoroacetyl-L-prolyl
      D,L-selenomethionine methyl esters. The racemization half-life (i.e., the time
      required to attain a D/L ratio of 0.33) of selenomethionine was found to be
      similar to that of methionine and have a value of 19-20 days.

PMID- 3893215
TI  - Site-specific analysis of drug interactions and damage in DNA using sequencing
      techniques.
AB  - DNA-sequencing techniques can be adapted to provide powerful analytical tools for
      pinpointing the sites at which DNA is modified by either radiations or chemicals.
      Base modifications, covalent adducts, crosslinks, and noncovalent binding can all
      be detected. This review outlines the adaptions of the Maxam-Gilbert and Sanger
      dideoxy sequencing techniques which make such studies possible. Practical aspects
      and limitations of the various methods are given. Assays which test the ability
      of DNA polymerase to bypass damage and misincorporate bases are also discussed.
      It is concluded that these techniques constitute the most powerful method
      currently available for the study of sequence-specific DNA interactions.

PMID- 3893216
TI  - Purification of aspartase and aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase I from
      Escherichia coli by dye-ligand chromatography.
AB  - Improved purification schemes are reported for the enzymes L-aspartase and
      aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase I from Escherichia coli. Dye-ligand
      chromatography on commercially available dye matrices are incorporated as key
      steps in these purifications. Red A-agarose has a high affinity for L-aspartase,
      which is then eluted as a homogeneous protein fraction with 1 mM L-aspartic acid.
      Green A-agarose shows a high binding affinity for the bifunctional enzyme
      aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase I. Purification is accomplished by elution
      with NADP+, followed by formation of a ternary complex with NADP and cysteine, a
      good competitive inhibitor of the homoserine dehydrogenase activity, and
      rechromatography on Green A-agarose. The final specific activity of each purified
      enzyme equaled or exceeded previously reported values, the overall yield of
      enzymes obtained was significantly higher, and these improved purification
      schemes were found to be more amenable to being scaled up for the production of
      large quantities of purified enzyme.

PMID- 3893217
TI  - Ionic-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography of Escherichia coli
      ribosomal small-subunit proteins.
AB  - Ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography was applied to the separation
      of proteins from the 30S ribosomal subunit. The proteins present in each peak
      have been identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. The
      purification has been made using either unmodified proteins or proteins
      specifically labeled at their SH group. The results clearly show that the method
      can be used to purify and identify ribosomal proteins.

PMID- 3893218
TI  - A fluorogenic active-site titrant for serine proteases.
AB  - The synthesis of 3'-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy)-spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9H-[9H]xan
      then]-3-one or 3HFGB, an active-site titrant for serine proteases, is described.
      3HFGB has two advantages over previously described titrants. It is very sensitive
      (it can measure serine proteases at the 10(-11)-10(-12) M level), and it can be
      used at stoichiometric ratios of titrant to protease of unity or less. Moreover,
      the fluorogenic leaving group, 3'-hydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'
      [9H]xanthen]-3- one, is suitable for use in a range of esteropeptidase
      substrates. The use of 3HFGB in the active-site titration of trypsin is
      described.

PMID- 3893219
TI  - One-step fluorometric microassay of DNA in procaryotes.
AB  - A fluorometric DNA microassay in procaryotes is proposed. The fluorescent dye
      employed is 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole X 2HCl, which exhibits very high
      specificity for DNA. The assay can be directly made on whole bacteria without DNA
      purification. Bacteria are treated with toluene and the fluorescent dye is added.
      The range of linearity has been explored. The stability, reproducibility, and
      accuracy of fluorescence measurements permit one to determine the equivalent
      number of genomes per cell and to distinguish between two different but very
      similar modes of increase in DNA quantity: bilinear or exponential synthesis.

PMID- 3893220
TI  - [Bourgery and Jacob, Hirschfeld and Leveille--masterpieces of anatomical
      iconography in the heyday of lithography].
AB  - The Traite de l'Anatomie by Bourgery and Jacob and the Neurologie by Hirschfeld
      and Leveille are among the best works in medical iconography. They are considered
      to rank in importance with other magnificent atlases due to their excellent
      plates and precise descriptive text. They set an new standard in anatomical
      illustration and made the artist devoted to anatomy a scientific collaborator of
      his scientist in anatomy.

PMID- 3893221
TI  - An immunohistochemical study of serotonin development in the opossum cerebellum.
AB  - In the present study we have used the indirect antibody peroxidase anti
      peroxidase technique to analyze the development of serotonin in the cerebellum of
      pouch young opossums ranging in age from birth (postnatal day (PD) 1) - to PD 47.
      The pathways by which serotoninergic axons enter the cerebellum appear to change
      during development. Between PD 1 and PD 11 varicose serotoninergic fibers course
      though the continuity between the tectum and the dorsal medial aspect of the
      cerebellar plate and distribute primarily to the intermediate zone. By PD 11
      serotoninergic fibers enter the cerebellum via a connecting band between the
      cerebellum and the dorsal lateral aspect of the rostral medulla. Fibers entering
      the cerebellum via this later route course around the lateral recess of the
      fourth ventricle and initially distribute to ventral and lateral areas of the
      cerebellum. At later developmental ages (PD 14-PD 47) serotoninergic fibers are
      present in: 1) the cellular zone of migration between the Purkinje cell layer and
      deep nuclei; 2) the Purkinje cell layer; 3) the internal granule cell layer; and
      4) the deep cerebellar nuclei. The external granule cell and the molecular layers
      rarely contain serotoninergic fibers. The present study has shown that serotonin
      is present in the cerebellar anlage on PD 1 (within 13 days of conception). This
      is prior to the arrival of other major afferent systems (King et al. 1982; Bishop
      et al. 1983; Martin et al. 1983; Morgan et al. 1983). Further, serotoninergic
      axons reach the cerebellum via different routes at different stages of
      development. The presence of serotonin in the intermediate zone early in
      development supports the hypothesis that it may influence neuronal migration and
      differentiation (Lauder and Krebs 1976). Axons containing serotonin and arriving
      later in development may function in synaptic transmission, a role proposed for
      this indoleamine in the adult (Strahlendorf et al. 1979).

PMID- 3893222
TI  - Distribution of local anesthetic solutions within the subarachnoid space.

PMID- 3893223
TI  - One-lung ventilation and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction: implications for
      anesthetic management.

PMID- 3893224
TI  - Respiratory failure secondary to homologous blood transfusion.

PMID- 3893225
TI  - Identification of patent foramen ovale during sitting position craniotomy by
      transesophageal echocardiography with positive airway pressure.

PMID- 3893226
TI  - Who was the man, A. W. Von Hofmann?

PMID- 3893227
TI  - Leaves and needles: the introduction of surgical local anesthesia.

PMID- 3893228
TI  - Exploitation of the residual premaxillary-maxillary suture site in maxillary
      protraction. An hypothesis.
AB  - A discussion of the patency of the maxillary-premaxillary suture and its possible
      value in orthopedic protraction of the premaxillary segment, illustrated by a
      case report.

PMID- 3893229
TI  - Current perspectives in asbestosis.

PMID- 3893230
TI  - Selective IgG2 deficiency in a patient with skin and upper respiratory tract
      infection.

PMID- 3893231
TI  - Long-term hyposensitization and adverse immunologic responses. A laboratory
      evaluation.
AB  - Ninety atopic patients with allergic asthma and/or rhinitis were classified into
      three groups: group A, consisting of 30 patients never subjected to
      immunotherapy; group B, 30 patients receiving immunotherapy for various allergies
      for 3 to 24 months; group C, 30 patients receiving immunotherapy for 5 or more
      years. The following studies were performed using standard techniques:
      quantitative determination of serum immunoglobulin concentrations IgA, IgG, IgM,
      rheumatoid factor, C3 and C4 concentrations, antinuclear antibodies (ANA).
      Circulating immune complexes were detected by a competitive immuno-enzyme assay.
      No statistical differences were found in the groups studied for every parameter
      considered. Although signs and symptoms of autoimmune disease were not present,
      an elevated incidence of ANA in the entire group (23.3%) was found.

PMID- 3893232
TI  - An appraisal of the influence of dose frequency on the antiasthmatic activity of
      inhaled corticosteroids.

PMID- 3893233
TI  - Once daily inhalation of budesonide in the treatment of chronic asthma: a
      clinical comparison.
AB  - In a short-term, open cross-over clinical efficacy study, inhalation of
      budesonide 800 micrograms once daily was compared to inhalation of budesonide 400
      micrograms twice daily and beclomethasone dipropionate 200 micrograms four times
      daily in 20 patients with stable steroid-dependent chronic asthma. Budesonide was
      inhaled through a spacer tube. The drugs were given in 3-week periods. Clinical
      symptoms, consumption of beta 2-agonists and peak flow were measured. In all but
      one patient, the reduced frequency of budesonide inhalations to only once daily
      has not given significantly different results compared with more frequent
      inhalations.

PMID- 3893234
TI  - Simple and rapid estimation of serum theophylline concentration using apoenzyme
      reactivation immunoassay.
AB  - Theophylline concentration was measured by the apoenzyme reactivation immunoassay
      system using the Seralyzer system. The results were compared with those obtained
      employing high performance liquid chromatography and substrate-labelled
      fluorescent immunoassay. The results obtained by the above three methods were
      quite compatible with each other. Furthermore, the capillary method was quite
      compatible with the venous method which is useful for frequent measurement of
      theophylline concentrations, especially in children with asthma.

PMID- 3893235
TI  - [Lack of specificity of protected distal bronchial samples in the bacteriological
      diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia caused by gram negative bacilli].
AB  - Lower respiratory tract secretions (LRS) were sampled during a two year period in
      patients undergoing mechanical ventilation using a method previously described by
      Matthew et al. Only those LRS positive for gram-negative bacilli were reported in
      this study. The patients were separated in two groups: those with nosocomial
      pneumonia due to gram-negative bacilli (NP+ group) and those without (NP- group).
      The species most often isolated from LRS were: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25%),
      Proteus (20%), Escherichia coli (18%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%), Acinetobacter
      calcoaceticus (8%) and Haemophilus influenzae (7%). The spectrum of gram-negative
      species was not statistically different in either group of patients. The numbers
      of gram-negative bacilli isolated from each LRS were more important in the NP+
      group (p less than 0.001), but so was the duration of mechanical ventilation
      before each LRS (p less than 0.01). In this group also, a specific
      bacteriological diagnosis with only one species was possible in 3 out of the 13
      cases; a tentative diagnosis only was possible in 10 cases: in 6 cases, the
      responsibility of two (or more) species was suggested. The susceptibility to
      antibiotics of gram-negative bacilli isolated from LRS was moderate. A third
      generation cephalosporin together with amikacin seemed to be the best choice of
      antibiotics when no specific bacteriological diagnosis could be made with the
      LRS.

PMID- 3893236
TI  - [Plasma renin activity and prostaglandin E2 in hypotension induced by
      nicergoline].
AB  - The hypotensive actions of nicergoline, a new alpha 1-adrenoreceptor blocking
      agent, were studied in six dogs during stable anaesthesia under mechanical
      ventilation. Systemic haemodynamic parameters were measured before the infusion
      of nicergoline (500 micrograms X kg-1 in 5 min), and regularly after it during 2
      h. Plasma renin activity (PRA), right atrial (V PGE2) and arterial (A PGE2)
      prostaglandin E2 concentrations measured by radio-immunoassay were collected
      before, and 10 and 20 min after nicergoline infusion. The mean aortic pressure
      fell to its lowest figure (-30%) at the 5th min, this being maintained for 45
      min. Heart rate and cardiac output remained unchanged. Pulmonary wedge pressure
      (p less than 0.01) and central venous pressure (p less than 0.05) decreased. All
      parameters reached their control values in 120 min. PRA was unchanged. V PGE2 (p
      less than 0.01) and pulmonary extraction in PGE2 (V PGE2 - A PGE2/V PGE2) (p less
      than 0,05) increased whilst A PGE2 was unmodified. The fall in mean aortic
      pressure was linked (p less than 0.001) to the increase in V PGE2. Nicergoline
      infusion induced hypotension by reducing vascular tone of resistance and
      capacitance beds. Hypotension was related to the vasoplegia and to an inhibition
      of the rapid pressor control mechanisms. The reasons for the lack of renin
      release were unknown. V PGE2 release was stimulated by the hypotension. The
      increase in pulmonary extraction in PGE2 was involved in the maintenance of A
      PGE2 concentration. Nicergoline gave mild hypotension without reflex sympathetic
      activation. Its alpha-adrenoreceptor blocking properties were similar to those of
      prazosin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3893237
TI  - [Allergy to chymopapain: value of predictive tests before chemonucleolysis].
AB  - It is possible to treat vertebral disc hernias by chemonucleolysis because of the
      enzymatic properties of chymopapain extracted from Carica papaya. But, 1% of the
      general population would seem to have a latent sensitivity to this protein, and
      would thus be at risk of presenting life-threatening anaphylactic shock. Recent
      clinical studies have identified different risk factors: atopy, previous food and
      drug allergies. A case is here reported of a 35 year old woman with a history of
      urticaria following anti-tetanus serum and penicillin injections, who frequently
      ate exotic fruit, and who was intolerant to alcohol. HBDT and prick tests
      confirmed both drug allergies. A prick test to chymopapain 1 mg X ml-1 gave a
      borderline result; the HBDT was positive, with 45% degranulation. Both these
      tests had been previously assessed by a study of 20 volunteers in good general
      health: negative prick tests in all 20, and negative HBDT in 19 out of the 20,
      with chymopapain concentrations ranging from 10 micrograms X ml-1 to 1 micrograms
      X ml-1. The one volunteer with a positive HBDT probably had latent sensitivity to
      the enzyme. The great sensitivity of both prick tests and HBDT in detecting IgE
      specific for food proteins is recalled. It is suggested that a routine predictive
      immuno-allergological assessment be carried out, with prick tests to the standard
      airbone allergens (to find a possible atopy), and a prick-test with 1 mg X ml-1
      chymopapain, and a HBDT to the enzyme. A sample of serum should be kept for
      possible RAST and FAST carried out later.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3893238
TI  - Lack of effectiveness of calcium chloride in refractory asystole.
AB  - The effectiveness of calcium chloride in asystole has been challenged;
      retrospective studies have not supported its use. We conducted a prospective,
      randomized, blinded study comparing the effectiveness of calcium chloride with
      saline in the prehospital paramedic setting. Seventy-three patients who had
      received epinephrine, bicarbonate, and atropine and were in refractory asystole
      were included in the study, which was conducted from October 1982 to October
      1983. Traumatic and pediatric arrests were excluded. The successful resuscitation
      rate was three of 39 in the calcium group versus one of 34 in the saline group (P
      less than .37). A successful resuscitation was defined as the conveyance of a
      patient with a pulse and a rhythm to an emergency department. Groups were
      analyzed for sex, age, and witnessed arrests. There was no statistically
      significant difference between the groups. No patient who was resuscitated
      successfully in the field was discharged from the hospital alive. We conclude
      that calcium chloride is not of value in resuscitating patients from refractory
      asystole in the prehospital cardiac arrest setting.

PMID- 3893239
TI  - Inappropriate emergency department visits.
AB  - Guidelines adopted in 1982 by the American College of Emergency Physicians were
      used to determine appropriate and inappropriate emergency department (ED)
      utilization patterns at three community hospitals during a two-week period in
      August 1983. In all, 3,130 visits were examined. There was an overall
      inappropriate visit rate of 10.8%, although considerable variation was observed
      among the three hospitals. Subgroups with the highest inappropriate visit rates
      included the following: 1) persons with Medicaid as the primary payment source
      (17.3%); 2) children aged 5 years or younger (15.2%); 3) those unable to identify
      a personal physician (14.1%); 4) unemployed persons (13.1%); 5) patients making
      visits during regular office hours (12.6%); and 6) those failing to attempt to
      contact their personal physicians (12.4%). These variations in inappropriate
      usage were all statistically significant at the P less than .05 level or better.
      Inability to identify a personal physician emerged as the most pervasive
      influence on inappropriate ED visit rates (P less than .001).

PMID- 3893240
TI  - Cross-reactivity of a monoclonal antibody with bovine, equine, ovine, and porcine
      peripheral blood B lymphocytes.
AB  - Ficoll-thrombin purified suspensions of bovine, equine, ovine, and porcine
      peripheral blood lymphocytes were fractionated on nylon-wool columns. The
      percentages of surface immunoglobulin (SIg+)-bearing lymphocytes in the adherent
      (B-cell enriched) and nonadherent (T-cell enriched) fractions were determined for
      individual animals using fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated species-specific
      anti-Ig sera. Subsequently, the human leukocyte antigen DR-specific monoclonal
      antibody, H4, was tested for its ability to recognize a cross-reactive antigen on
      the fractionated lymphocytes, using the microcytotoxicity technique. The H4 plus
      complement killed a percentage of lymphocytes equivalent to the percentage of
      SIg+ lymphocytes in the adherent and nonadherent fractions. In a parallel
      experiment, a 2 fluorochrome technique was used to visualize bovine lymphocytes
      that were SIg+ and H4+. Lymphocytes that were SIg+ also stained with ethidium
      bromide (orange fluorescence) after complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Seemingly,
      H4 recognizes an evolutionarily conserved major histocompatibility complex
      encoded class-II-like determinant on the B lymphocytes of cattle, horses, sheep,
      and swine.

PMID- 3893241
TI  - Effects of bovine viral diarrhea virus on the percentages and absolute numbers of
      circulating B and T lymphocytes in cattle.
AB  - The percentage and absolute numbers of circulating B and T lymphocytes were
      determined for 10 healthy cattle by labeling mononuclear cells with anti-bovine
      immunoglobulin or peanut agglutinin. The cattle were then inoculated with a
      cytopathogenic isolate of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus, and B- and T
      lymphocyte populations were again quantitated at given intervals. Seemingly, BVD
      virus caused a decrease in the absolute numbers of B and T lymphocytes and in the
      percentage of T lymphocytes. Although these effects lasted through 7 days, all of
      the cattle recovered from infection and had detectable BVD virus-neutralizing
      antibodies in their sera 17 days after exposure.

PMID- 3893242
TI  - Cardiopulmonary effects of prostacyclin infusion in anesthetized horses.
AB  - Prostacyclin was infused IV into 6 horses anesthetized with halothane. Three
      dosage rates (10, 30, and 100 ng/kg of body weight/min) were evaluated in each
      horse. Facial and pulmonary artery pressures, heart rate, cardiac output, blood
      temperature, and arterial and mixed venous pH, PCO2, and PO2 were measured.
      Arterial blood was collected for determination of glucose, lactate, and PCV.
      Mixed venous blood was sampled for assay of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and
      catecholamines. Infusion of prostacyclin at 10 ng/kg/min had no effect on the
      variables measured, whereas the 30 ng/kg/min dosage decreased diastolic and mean
      arterial pressure at 15 and 30 minutes and PaO2 at 15 minutes (P less than 0.05).
      Prostacyclin infusion at 100 ng/kg/min significantly decreased arterial pressure,
      total vascular resistance, and total pulmonary resistance. Heart rate increased
      slightly, and cardiac output increased by 44%. Arterial PO2 decreased from 311 mm
      of Hg to 137 and 135 mm of Hg at 15 and 30 minutes, respectively. Blood glucose
      was increased. Prostacyclin infusions of 30 and 100 ng/kg/min increased blood
      concentrations of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha by factors of 5 and 40,
      respectively. Significant changes in catecholamine concentrations did not occur.

PMID- 3893243
TI  - Properties of a respiratory syncytial virus isolated from a sheep with rhinitis.
AB  - A virus isolated from a yearling cross-bred ewe was identified as respiratory
      syncytial virus (RSV) by indirect immunofluorescence and by virus neutralization
      with bovine RSV antisera. The virus caused a mild conjunctivitis in 3-month-old
      lambs when inoculated alone. Although clinical signs of pneumonia were not
      observed, there was gross and microscopic evidence of pulmonary inflammation in
      the lungs of lambs inoculated with either the sheep RSV isolate alone or in
      conjunction with Pasteurella haemolytica. Lung lesions in the dual infection were
      more severe, with approximately 10% of the total lung mass affected. Lavage
      fluids from lambs inoculated with virus and bacteria contained approximately 3
      times more inflammatory cells than from control lambs or lambs inoculated with
      virus only. The sheep RSV isolate was classified as a mild respiratory pathogen
      in lambs of this age. Speculations on the potential importance of this virus in
      interspecies transmission to cattle and goats were discussed.

PMID- 3893244
TI  - Use of epidemiologic markers to identify the source of Escherichia coli
      infections in poultry.
AB  - During an epidemiologic study of poultry colisepticemia on 2 Saudi Arabian
      poultry broiler farms, Escherichia coli was isolated from 101 (40.4%) of the 250
      specimens examined. The antigenic structure and the drug resistance pattern of
      65.4% of the E coli isolates from different sources were used as epidemiologic
      markers to trace the source of the infection. The predominant E coli serotypes
      involved in infections of 2 poultry broiler progeny farms were 033:H4 (51.8%) and
      078:H- (19.6%) that had the following respective drug resistance patterns:
      furazolidone-streptomycin-sulfathiazole and streptomycin-sulfathiazole
      tetracycline. Escherichia coli strains with typical epidemiologic markers were
      isolated from various sources on a broiler breeding farm, but not from well
      waters of the infected progeny farm. Three other E coli serotypes
      (045:H10[14.3%], 0119:H27[1.8%], and 0145:H25[1.8%]) were involved in poultry
      infection, but to a lesser extent. These 3 serotypes were multiply resistant
      against 5 to 6 of the antimicrobials evaluated.

PMID- 3893245
TI  - Modification by hyperoxia in vivo of endotoxin-induced neutrophil alveolitis in
      rats. Production of chemotactic factors by alveolar macrophages and
      ultrastructure.
AB  - We have previously shown that prior exposure to hyperoxia intensifies the influx
      of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into bronchoalveolar spaces after endotoxemia
      (E), but the mechanism is unknown. Because pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM)
      regulate the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the lung in several
      types of acute and chronic alveolitis, we studied the effect of pretreatment with
      hyperoxia in vivo on production of chemotactic factors by PAM after E. In this
      study, we cultured PAM recovered by lung lavage from oxygen- and air-pretreated
      rats 4, 15, and 48 h after E to determine whether a direct effect of hyperoxia on
      the release of chemotactic factors by PAM in response to E in vivo could
      contribute to the previous observations. We found that the chemotactic activity
      of the culture media supernatants from PAM recovered from oxygen-pretreated rats
      given E was 80% higher than that of media from PAM recovered from air-exposed
      rats given E. Neither PAM from air-exposed rats nor those from oxygen-exposed
      rats spontaneously released chemotaxins selective for other PAM. In contrast,
      when PAM were stimulated with zymosan in vitro, those from the oxygen-breathing
      group produced 50% more chemotactic activity for other PAM than did those from
      the air-breathing group. These differences in secretion of chemotactic factors
      were not associated with decreased viability of PAM either in vivo or in tissue
      culture, or with impaired adherence by PAM in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3893246
TI  - Serologic diagnosis of focal pneumonia caused by Cryptococcus neoformans.
AB  - Cryptococcal antigen was detected in the serum of 3 patients with biopsy-proved
      Cryptococcus neoformans pneumonitis. It is possible that the specificity of this
      antigen test will allow the serologic diagnosis of cryptococcal pneumonia and
      obviate the need for invasive procedures.

PMID- 3893247
TI  - Airway reactivity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Failure of in vivo
      methacholine responsiveness to correlate with cholinergic, adrenergic, or
      nonadrenergic responses in vitro.
AB  - This study aimed to determine whether in vivo airways hyperreactivity was
      manifested by either enhanced bronchial smooth muscle responses to contractile
      stimuli or by deficient responses to relaxant stimuli in vitro. Quantitative
      responses to nebulized methacholine were obtained in 12 human subjects prior to
      pulmonary resection. The provocative concentration of methacholine producing a
      20% reduction in FEV1 (PC20) was calculated, and these values were compared with
      in vitro responses of bronchial smooth muscle strips from the surgical specimens.
      Both contractile cholinergic responses and relaxant nonadrenergic noncholinergic
      dose-response data were obtained for the in vitro bronchial specimens by
      electrical field stimulation. In addition, cumulative dose responses were
      obtained to exogenously added methacholine, the beta-adrenergic agonist
      salbutamol, and the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin. Despite a wide range
      of PC20 values, the in vivo airway responsiveness did not correlate with any of
      the in vitro responses examined, suggesting that airway reactivity is not due
      solely to the responsiveness of smooth muscle to contractile agonists nor to a
      localized deficiency in the nonadrenergic inhibitory system, beta-adrenergic
      inhibition, or abnormal cyclic-AMP-mediated pathways of relaxation.

PMID- 3893248
TI  - High-frequency ventilation attenuation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. The
      role of prostacyclin.
AB  - In order to determine the effects of high-frequency ventilation on the pulmonary
      vascular response to hypoxia, we assessed pulmonary vascular resistance at 2
      levels of inspired oxygen tension (PlO2), 200 and 30 mmHg, during conventional
      and high-frequency ventilation in the isolated, blood-perfused lungs of 10 sheep,
      5 treated with indomethacin (40 micrograms/ml of perfusate) and 5 untreated.
      Resistance was assessed by measuring pulmonary artery pressure-flow curves
      generated over a wide range of flows (20 to 140 ml X min-1 X kg body wt-1).
      Conventional ventilation was provided by an animal ventilator at a rate of 10 min
      1 and a tidal volume of 10 ml X kg body wt-1. High-frequency ventilation was
      provided by a flow interrupter at a rate of 1,200 min-1 and a tidal volume less
      than 1.5 ml X kg body wt-1. In the 5 untreated lungs, the normoxic pressure-flow
      curve was unaltered by high-frequency ventilation, but the hypoxic pulmonary
      vasoconstrictor response was significantly attenuated. Furthermore, the net rate
      of change of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha concentration in the perfusate during
      hypoxia was significantly greater with high-frequency ventilation (65.4 +/- 8.9
      pg X ml-1 X min-1) than with conventional ventilation (2.8 +/- 18.7 pg X ml-1 X
      min-1). In the 5 indomethacin-treated lungs, production of 6-keto-prostaglandin
      F1 alpha was markedly depressed, and the attenuation of the hypoxic
      vasoconstrictor response by high-frequency ventilation was abolished.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3893249
TI  - Interruption of the inferior vena cava for the prevention of recurrent pulmonary
      embolism.
AB  - Pulmonary embolism in high-risk patients may be minimized by inferior vena caval
      interruption by ligation, plication, intraluminal filters, or intraluminal
      balloons. Vena caval filter implantation is the least traumatic of all surgical
      methods of preventing pulmonary embolism. These nonocclusive methods are
      preferred to minimize the possible sequelae of venous insufficiency. The
      prevention of septic emboli requires complete ligation of the inferior vena cava.
      The transvenous approach to caval interruption by intraluminal filters is
      particularly useful in severely ill patients. When major surgical procedures are
      performed for the purpose of caval interruption, the intra-abdominal approach has
      greater associated mortality and morbidity than does the retroperitoneal
      approach. The Mobin-Uddin and Kim-Ray Greenfield filters are at present the most
      frequently used modalities for prevention of fatal pulmonary embolism when
      intervention is required. In large series of patients where intraluminal caval
      filters have been utilized, there has been an operative mortality of under 1 per
      cent, with an incidence of recurrent emboli of under 2 per cent, and an incidence
      of venous stasis sequelae of approximately 20 per cent. Some clinicians prefer
      the Greenfield filter over the Mobin-Uddin umbrella because of greater ease and
      flexibility of placement. In general, however, both transvenous intraluminal
      filters have been used effectively with acceptable mortality and morbidity, and
      the device used might properly be determined by the experience of the surgeon.

PMID- 3893250
TI  - Local intra-arterial streptokinase therapy for acute peripheral arterial
      occlusions. Should thrombolytic therapy replace embolectomy?
AB  - Locally administered low-dose streptokinase was used in 13 patients with acute
      arterial occlusions. Systemic fibrinolytic effects were noted in each of 11
      patients in whom some effective thrombolysis was demonstrated. In the two
      patients with no angiographically demonstrable thrombolysis, a systemic lytic
      effect was absent. Bleeding complications were frequent (31%). Three patients
      required amputations and one patient died. The systemic lytic effects of
      streptokinase appear to be necessary for complete clot lysis. Locally
      administered streptokinase appears to have no significant benefit compared to
      high-dose systemic administration. Occlusions accessible to balloon embolectomy
      should probably be treated surgically, reserving fibrinolytic therapy for
      inaccessible lesions. More research is needed to clarify the specific
      indications, as well as to determine optimal methods of administration and
      dosage.

PMID- 3893251
TI  - "Islands of ischemia": transcutaneous PtcO2 documentation of pedal malperfusion
      following lower limb revascularization.
AB  - Doppler, pulse volume recording (PVR) and transcutaneous oxygen (PtcO2) mapping
      was performed in eleven patients (group I) before and after uniform
      revascularization of ischemic limbs. Group I results were compared to three
      patients (group II) whose ischemic ulcers healed poorly following successful
      bypass. Inhaled oxygen was used to magnify oxygen gradients comparing foot, below
      the-knee, and chest values. Significant postoperative increases in Doppler index
      from 0.42 to 0.89 and decreases in PVR class from 3.1 to 1.2 (P less than 0.001)
      were found in groups I and II. Revascularization increased the below-the-knee
      PtcO2 from 48 to 57 mm Hg (P less than 0.05) and foot PtcO2 from 30 to 57 mm Hg
      (P less than 0.01). Inhaled oxygen delineated limitation of limb oxygen transfer
      and demonstrated the completeness of revascularization. Despite comparable
      revascularization in groups I and II, PtcO2 values of less than 20 mm Hg were
      measured adjacent to areas of persistent ulceration. Transcutaneous oxygen
      monitoring clearly delineates successive revascularization. Nonhealing foot
      ulcers following revascularization are "islands of ischemia" due to multiple
      causes.

PMID- 3893252
TI  - Renal transplantation in Alport's syndrome.
AB  - Nineteen patients (3 women and 16 men) with Alport's Syndrome and endstage renal
      failure received 23 allograft kidneys at two medical centers between 1972 and
      1983. Ten patients had pretransplant splenectomies, and four patients had
      pretransplant thoracic duct drainage. After a mean follow-up time of 49 months,
      analysis revealed total allograft survival was 65 per cent at 1 year, 50 per cent
      at 2 years, and 57 per cent at 5 years. Pretransplant splenectomy resulted in 60
      per cent allograft survival at 24 months mean follow-up. Pretransplant thoracic
      duct drainage resulted in 100 per cent allograft survival at 15.6 months mean
      follow-up. The overall allograft survival was greatest for three and four antigen
      matched kidneys and for living related donor kidneys. Data indicated that 50 per
      cent of all allografts in men were functional at 50.8 months mean follow-up. All
      allografts in women were functional at 48.3 months mean follow-up. Three of four
      patients who expired had pretransplant splenectomies. From this study, the
      authors conclude that renal transplantation is the preferred method of treatment
      for patients with Alport's Syndrome.

PMID- 3893254
TI  - Toxoplasma gondii reactivation identified by detection of parasitemia in tissue
      culture.
AB  - Three patients developed acute toxoplasmosis after allogeneic marrow
      transplantation for treatment of leukemia. In each case, Toxoplasma gondii was
      isolated from peripheral blood buffy-coat cells inoculated into fibroblast tissue
      culture after 10 to 39 days of incubation. Serologic studies did not suggest
      acute toxoplasmosis, but complete autopsies done in two patients showed active
      invasive disease. Serologic tests done before the transplants showed that these
      cases resulted from reactivation of latent infection rather than primary disease.
      Parasitemia is a feature of reactivation toxoplasmosis in immunosuppressed
      patients that may be identified by recovery of T. gondii from peripheral blood
      buffy-coat cells in tissue culture.

PMID- 3893253
TI  - Intensive insulin therapy reduces counterregulatory hormone responses to
      hypoglycemia in patients with type I diabetes.
AB  - Counterregulatory hormone responses to hypoglycemia were examined in six healthy
      controls and in six patients with type I diabetes before and after 4 to 8 months
      of insulin pump treatment. The insulin clamp technique was used to provide an
      identical hypoglycemic stimulus (about 50 mg/dL) in each study group. Before pump
      treatment, the release of counterregulatory hormones (except glucagon) during the
      hypoglycemic period was not significantly different in diabetics from that in
      normal controls. However, when values before and after pump treatment in
      diabetics were compared, there were significant reductions in epinephrine (304 +/
      70 and 127 +/- 43 pg/mL; p less than 0.01), growth hormone (45 +/- 12 and 18 +/-
      5 ng/mL; p less than 0.05), and cortisol (20 +/- 3 and 10 +/- 2 micrograms/dL; p
      less than 0.01) levels during hypoglycemia. Defective glucagon release during
      hypoglycemia in the diabetics was not corrected by pump treatment. Intensive
      insulin treatment of patients with type I diabetes causes a generalized reduction
      in counterregulatory hormone release after a moderate fall in blood glucose
      levels. This reduction may impair glucose counterregulation and diminish
      perception of hypoglycemia, thereby increasing the risk of hypoglycemic episodes.

PMID- 3893255
TI  - Captopril-induced renal insufficiency and the role of sodium balance.

PMID- 3893256
TI  - Desmopressin.
AB  - Desmopressin (dDAVP), a synthetic analog of the neurohypophyseal nonapeptide
      arginine vasopressin, has enhanced antidiuretic potency, markedly diminished
      pressor activity, and a prolonged half-life and duration of action compared to
      the natural hormone. Desmopressin is the treatment of choice for central diabetes
      insipidus and can be administered either intranasally or parenterally. A newly
      approved indication is treatment of mild classical hemophilia and von
      Willebrand's disease, in which deficient concentrations of factor VIII and von
      Willebrand's factor are transiently increased to levels that allow minor surgery.

PMID- 3893258
TI  - Human growth hormone and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

PMID- 3893257
TI  - Biofeedback for gastrointestinal disorders: a review of the literature.
AB  - Although biofeedback has been applied to many gastrointestinal disorders,
      including reflux esophagitis, peptic ulcer disease, and irritable bowel syndrome,
      the limited number of reports precludes conclusions concerning its safety or
      efficacy in these disorders. Most studies have used biofeedback in the treatment
      of fecal incontinence. Uncontrolled trials have shown this procedure can reduce
      substantially the frequency of incontinence in 70% to 83% of patients at up to 1
      to 2 years of follow-up. Biofeedback has been most successful in patients with a
      surgical cause for fecal incontinence, but recent data suggest the procedure may
      also be useful in diabetics. The few number of sessions required, its apparent
      safety, physiological appeal, and apparent success suggest biofeedback is a
      promising therapy for this disorder, but it remains inadequately tested.

PMID- 3893259
TI  - The safety and efficacy of ambulatory cardiac catheterization in the hospital and
      freestanding setting. Health and Public Policy Committee, American College of
      Physicians.

PMID- 3893260
TI  - The fate of a Western-style medical school in Iran.

PMID- 3893261
TI  - Plasmodium falciparum malaria and intravenous quinidine gluconate.

PMID- 3893262
TI  - [Madness in Zola's writing. II. Interactions of insanity in La Joie de Vivre. 1.
      Situations and psychopathologic types].
AB  - In The gladness of life (1884: La joie de vivre) d'E. Zola, madness in full
      interaction call to a psychopathological analysis which is doing in three parts:
      The situations and psychopathological types; the psychopathological and
      anthropological relationship; The text's unconscious and the work of mourning.
      This part, proposes the analysis of the psychopathological types (cyclic
      psychosis of Lazare, the "typus melancholicus" of Veronique, the paranoia of
      madam Chanteau, the "crack" and masochism of Pauline) and the pathogenic
      situations in the most narrow interaction ("in" and "out" of the personages). A
      differential analysis is proposed between the pessimist position and the nihilist
      one, in a therapeutic perspective.

PMID- 3893263
TI  - [Medico-Psychological Society. List of members].

PMID- 3893264
TI  - [Who was "Doctor" Peisse?].

PMID- 3893265
TI  - Is ultrasound monitoring of follicular growth harmless?

PMID- 3893266
TI  - Transvesical and transvaginal approaches for the aspiration of follicles by use
      of ultrasound.

PMID- 3893267
TI  - Pregnancy proteins in seminal plasma, seminal vesicles, preovulatory follicular
      fluid, and ovary.
AB  - A number of proteins previously thought to be specific for the placenta or
      pregnancy have been identified in the fluids bathing both the oocyte and the
      sperm. In many cases their concentrations in follicular fluid and seminal plasma
      greatly exceeded those in the serum of nonpregnant women or men, and sometimes
      they even exceeded the levels in pregnancy sera. We report here the occurrence of
      PP5, PP12, PP14 and PAPP-A in follicular fluid and seminal plasma. In follicular
      fluid, the levels of PP5, PP12, and PAPP-A correlate with the estrogen
      concentration of the same fluid, and the PP12 and PAPP-A levels also bear a
      positive correlation to the progesterone concentration. The levels of PP12 and
      PAPP-A increase as the follicle grows, as do the levels of many steroid hormones.
      Therefore, the apparent correlations observed may be merely coincidental.
      However, circumstantial evidence from other reproductive organs indicates that
      the synthesis of PP12 and PAPP-A is stimulated by progesterone. Results of
      immunohistochemical staining show that PP12 and PAPP-A are localized in the
      luteinized granulosa cells and the corpus luteum. Previous studies indicate that
      PP5 and PAPP-A inhibit the action of proteolytic enzymes plasmin and elastase,
      which are believed to be involved in the mechanisms of ovulation. The study of
      the significance of these various placental proteins for human reproduction is
      only at its beginning. Clearly, elucidation of their function is the key to a
      more fundamental understanding of their role in the events governing ovulation
      and implantation.

PMID- 3893268
TI  - Failure of human pregnancy after implantation.

PMID- 3893269
TI  - Ethical and moral issues of in vitro fertilization. Introduction: the scientific
      basis of ethics.

PMID- 3893270
TI  - Conditioned food aversions: a bibliography.

PMID- 3893271
TI  - Clinical drug trials in Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3893272
TI  - Clinical evaluation of compounds for the treatment of memory dysfunction.

PMID- 3893273
TI  - Piracetam plus lecithin trials in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type.

PMID- 3893274
TI  - Thalassemia in southeast Asia: determination of different degrees of severity of
      anemia in thalassemia.
AB  - beta (0)-Thalassemia/Hb E in Southeast Asia varies greatly in severity, with
      hemoglobin levels ranging from 2.5 to 13.5 g/dl, averaging 7.7 g/dl. Results of
      systematic investigations to find out what determines different levels of
      severity are reviewed. Concomitant inheritance of alpha-thalassemia significantly
      decreases the severity. Different degrees of severity in the majority of cases,
      however, is not due to alpha-thalassemia. Concordance of hemoglobin levels among
      patients who are sibs prevails, suggesting polygenic factor determinants.
      Potential factors ruled out as determinants for different levels of severity are
      discriminating fetal hemoglobin production, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase
      activity, reticulo-endothelial function, and failure of erythropoiesis
      compensation. Red cell survival and globin synthesis studies indicate that
      different degrees of excess of alpha-chains leading to different red cell
      pathology and survival are responsible for variable severity. Degrees of excess
      of alpha-chains in this circumstance are probably mainly determined by
      erythrocyte proteolytic activity. The relationship between the hemoglobin levels
      and erythrocyte cytosol proteolytic activity in 15 beta(0) -thalassemia/Hb E
      disease patients in whom a deletional type of alpha-thalassemia had been ruled
      out by DNA mapping is striking, with a correlation coefficient of 0.78. This
      finding suggests that modulation of erythrocyte proteolysis is another approach
      for treatment of thalassemia.

PMID- 3893275
TI  - The interaction of coexistent alpha-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia: a model
      for the clinical and cellular results of diminished polymerization?
AB  - Review of the studies on the interaction of alpha-thalassemia and sickle cell
      anemia reveals a consistently beneficial effect on the severity of anemia and the
      rheologic and cellular properties of sickle cells. The predominantly vaso
      occlusive clinical aspects of sickle cell anemia studied are not uniformly
      benefited by the presence of alpha-thalassemia. These variable results may be
      related to the detrimental effects of higher hematocrit on whole blood viscosity.
      The effects of alpha-thalassemia on sickle cell anemia are probably related to a
      fundamental effect on MCHC and polymerization, although coexistent effects on
      other properties of sickle cells and the possibility that the MCHC differences
      may be secondary to sickling effects cannot be excluded. In total, alpha
      thalassemia is an imperfect model for the effects of polymerization on the
      clinical consequences of sickle cell disease. An important inference from the
      published literature is that the severity of anemia may be a more important
      determinant of the ultimate clinical consequence of sickle cell anemia, life
      expectancy, than has previously been appreciated. Although the effect of alpha
      thalassemia is an imperfect model for modified polymerization, studies of the
      phenotypic result of the interaction of these two genotypes will provide further
      insight into the causes of clinical diversity in sickle cell disease.

PMID- 3893276
TI  - Antenatal diagnosis of thalassemia: a review.
AB  - The overall results of the WHO International Registry for the Prenatal Monitoring
      of Hereditary Anemias are summarized in Tables 11 and 12. Comparison of data
      regarding adequacy of samples, and freedom from errors and from fetal losses show
      that the chance of a couple obtaining a useful result is greater than 90%,
      whether fetal flood is sampled because the fetus is at risk for a
      hemoglobinopathy or another disease, or fetal DNA is obtained for globin gene
      analysis. Each approach serves as a model for the others. Fetal blood sampling
      technology has been improved because of the need for entirely pure samples for
      diseases requiring specimens other than red cells. The advances in obtaining
      fetal cells early in pregnancy and extraction of DNA will soon be applied to
      diseases other than hemoglobinopathies (such as hemophilias and muscular
      dystrophies) as molecular probes become available. More than 6000 fetuses have
      now been examined in utero, 5617 for all hemoglobinopathies using fetal blood or
      DNA, and 5921 for all disorders using fetal blood (Table 12). The total reported
      to the Registry by the end of 1983 was 6282 cases. At the moment, the only
      choices when an affected fetus is detected are termination of the pregnancy, or
      delivery of a child known to have a serious and sometimes life-threatening
      illness. However, early diagnosis will lead to early treatment of such infants,
      thereby offering a better prognosis. When specific treatment such as gene therapy
      becomes available, fetal diagnosis will identify the appropriate cases in utero.
      Although this approach is currently speculative, it is an area of great interest
      and endeavor. Thus, prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies has led to the
      development of fetal diagnosis of many genetic diseases, and resulted in
      techniques for obtaining fetal blood or DNA specimens. In addition to these
      scientific advances, it has also led to the control of thalassemia in certain
      geographic areas in which the public health burden involved in the management of
      such cases is overwhelming. Reduction of the number of newborn thalassemics is a
      necessity in some places, because appropriate care has not been possible, and the
      lifespan of affected individuals is significantly shortened or at least
      uncertain. All approaches to management of this disease are relevant, including
      improved treatment, specific therapy, and prenatal diagnosis. Each country and
      each family must determine for itself where to place the emphasis.

PMID- 3893277
TI  - Marrow transplantation for thalassemia.

PMID- 3893278
TI  - Marrow transplantation for thalassemia after treatment with busulfan and
      cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 3893279
TI  - New research approaches to Cooley's anemia therapy.

PMID- 3893280
TI  - Controlled release and magnetically modulated systems for macromolecular drugs.

PMID- 3893282
TI  - Isotope dilution assay for biotin.

PMID- 3893281
TI  - Transcarboxylase: its quaternary structure and the role of the biotinyl subunit
      in the assembly of the enzyme and in catalysis.

PMID- 3893283
TI  - Regulation of the biotin operon in E. coli.

PMID- 3893284
TI  - Receptor affinity chromatography based on the avidin-biotin interaction.

PMID- 3893285
TI  - Biotin-dependent decarboxylases as energy transducing systems.

PMID- 3893286
TI  - Thymic factor therapy for herpetic keratitis.
AB  - Thirty patients with herpetic keratitis were allocated to a double-blind trial
      with either local treatment plus placebo (control group) or local treatment plus
      thymostimulin (TS group). The follow-up at 24 months demonstrated a significant
      reduction of recurrence rate among patients receiving thymostimulin, along with a
      significant increase of sheep rosette-forming cells (E rosette). Furthermore,
      among patients with superficial keratitis, thymostimulin treatment resulted in a
      significantly quicker corneal re-epithelization than placebo. Thymostimulin seems
      to be a safe and helpful drug in the management of herpetic keratitis.

PMID- 3893287
TI  - Process of endothelial cell-death in cultured corneas.
AB  - Human and porcine corneas were cultured in organ-culture medium at 32 degrees C
      for long-term preservation and study of endothelial cell death. The endothelium
      was examined and re-examined at different intervals by using a phase contrast
      microscope and dual vital staining with alizarin-red S and trypan-blue. The
      appearance of degenerative vacuoles (which we called "death vacuoles" or "water
      bubble bodies") as the first visible structural change in the process of cell
      death was very characteristic. While these vacuoles increased in size and number,
      the nucleus and cell-border disintegration was proceeding to the stage at which
      the cell was lost, leaving behind vacuoles on the Descemet's membrane, which we
      called the "endothelial graveyard."

PMID- 3893288
TI  - Echographic features of tilted optic disk.
AB  - Unusual echographic features of the optic nerve were observed in four cases of
      tilted disk syndrome. A-scan ultrasonography revealed an increase in the dural
      diameter of the optic nerve (average, 8.5 microseconds), and B-scan
      ultrasonography showed an accentuation and doubling of optic nerve outline, which
      is a feature of optic neuropathy. The probable cause for these echographic
      features is the abnormal configuration of the nerve.

PMID- 3893289
TI  - [Postoperative infection in ORL oncologic surgery. The choice of preventive
      antibiotherapy. Experience of the ORL Department of Hopital Claude Bernard].
AB  - The incidence of infection after cervicofacial surgery for ENT cancer varied
      between 38 and 60% as a function of the type of operation, and prophylactic
      antibiotic therapy administered, in a series of 133 cases. Contamination was
      greatest after operations of longest duration and with the largest exposure of
      tissue. Previous cobalt therapy was an aggravating factor. The highest risk of
      infections complications resulted therefore from combined salvage operations and
      the use of a musculocutaneous flap. Among these infections, a purulent
      bronchorrhea was a frequent and potentially serious complication sometimes the
      cause of septicemia. A review of 4 different antibiotic therapy regimens showed
      the pre-operative administration failed to alter the outcome. Combined penicillin
      5 imidazole treatment, effective in preventing local and regional anaerobic
      infection, resulted in secondary infection developing in about 56% of cases. It
      was not able, in fact, to cover under certain circumstances during prolonged
      surgery, the postoperative risk of inhalation of gram-negative anaerobic and
      aerobic bacteria form the buccal cavity. Short-term antibiotic therapy was
      totally ineffective. It is suggested that combined penicillin-5 imidazole be
      reserved for operations provoking little contamination of the tracheobronchial
      region, such as total laryngectomy and total pharyngo-laryngectomy, and that
      prophylactic therapy using an antibiotic with a wide spectrum against gram
      negative germs be administered prior to major buccopharyngeal operations with
      tracheotomy.

PMID- 3893291
TI  - Approach to the jaundiced patient. Diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 3893290
TI  - Invasive and non invasive techniques in primary hyperparathyroidism
      localizations.

PMID- 3893292
TI  - Calculation of left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) by digital
      videodensitometric analysis. Preliminary results.

PMID- 3893293
TI  - Digital intravenous angiography combined with renal vein renin sampling for
      diagnosis of renovascular hypertension.

PMID- 3893294
TI  - Normal and pathologic choroid plexus ultrasound.

PMID- 3893295
TI  - Ultrasound of the spinal cord in neonates and infants.

PMID- 3893296
TI  - Bile duct dilatation and immunodeficiency in children. Report of four cases.

PMID- 3893297
TI  - Ultrasound findings in biliary atresia in children. A prospective study with
      surgical correlation in 86 cases.

PMID- 3893299
TI  - Pulmonary ventilation in children. Digital subtraction study.

PMID- 3893298
TI  - Specific preoperative diagnosis of choledochal cysts by combined sonography and
      hepatobiliary scintigraphy.

PMID- 3893300
TI  - Transplanted kidney in children: comparative value of various echographic signs
      of acute rejection.

PMID- 3893301
TI  - The diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency in sheep: comparison of serum vitamin B12
      levels measured by a microbiological and a radioisotope dilution technique.
AB  - Serum vitamin B12 from 6 sheep fed a diet containing 0.06 mg cobalt per kg dry
      matter (DM) was analysed by a radioisotope dilution (RID) technique. The results
      were compared with values obtained by a microbiological method (Lactobacillus
      leichmannii - ATCC 7830) specific for "true" vitamin B12. Serum vitamin B12
      concentrations were four to six times greater during the 16 weeks experimental
      period with the RID method as compared to the microbiological technique. During
      the course of the experiment, values obtained by the RID method remained superior
      to the threshold value (200 pg B 12/ml) of the microbiological method. This
      investigation indicates that the RID method is not suitable for the rapid
      diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency in subclinically cobalt-deficient sheep.

PMID- 3893302
TI  - [Chloramphenicol residues and their toxicity].

PMID- 3893303
TI  - [Long-term antithrombotic treatment in patients with valve prostheses. Practical
      management and complications].
AB  - The cumulative annual risk of thrombo-embolic and haemorrhagic complications due
      to anticoagulants in patients with mechanical prostheses is in the order of 3 to
      9 p. cent for mitral prostheses and mitral and aortic prostheses and 2 to 5 p.
      cent for aortic prostheses. Anticoagulant drugs should be chosen in terms of the
      type and the site of the implanted prosthesis and the coefficient of the thrombo
      embolic and haemorrhagic risk of each subject. In patients with mechanical
      prostheses, the most effective prevention of the thrombo-embolic risk is ensured
      by the anti-vitamin K drugs associated with dipyridamole, with a low haemorrhagic
      risk if the treatment is correctly controlled. In patients with bioprostheses,
      the anticoagulant treatment (anti-vitamin K or anti-platelet drugs) should be
      maintained for three to six months after the operation; the anti-vitamin K drugs
      should not be prolonged indefinitely, except in patients at high risk of thrombo
      embolism (atrial fibrillation with a very dilated left auricle, in particular).
      The management of a pregnant woman with a valve prosthesis and the problems of
      patients with prostheses undergoing extracardiac or dental operations or invasive
      investigations are still open to discussion.

PMID- 3893304
TI  - [Immunogenic cardiac amyloidosis. Value of ultrasonography and endomyocardial
      biopsy].
AB  - The development of one dimensional, and more especially two dimensional, cardiac
      ultrasonography associated with a safe technique of percutaneous endomyocardial
      biopsy has radically changed the diagnostic approach to cardiac amyloidosis.
      Prior to the widespread use of these techniques, the ante-mortem diagnosis was
      only made in 25 p. cent of patients presenting this form of infiltrating
      cardiomyopathy. The description of a recent case serves as an introduction to a
      brief review of cardiac amyloidosis based essentially on the two new diagnostic
      techniques of cardiac ultrasonography and endomyocardial biopsy.

PMID- 3893305
TI  - [Prognostic value of bidimensional echography in the acute stage of myocardial
      infarction].
AB  - Segmental asynergy is almost always demonstrated (in more than 90.5 per cent of
      cases) by means of two-dimensional ultrasonography in the acute phase of
      myocardial infarction. However, the value of 2D ultrasonography is not limited to
      this very high level of diagnostic sensitivity. In fact, the degree of asynergy,
      evaluated by the semi-quantitative method of ventricular scores, provides a
      sensitive and specific index in the prediction of intra-hospital complications
      (shock, death, severe arrhythmias), even before the haemodynamic data.
      Furthermore the asynergy of the segments situated at a distance from the
      infarction also constitute a valuable pejorative prognostic index in the
      prediction of intra- and extra-hospital complications. The excellent prognostic
      value of two-dimensional ultrasonography, together with its diagnostic value,
      justifies its routine use in coronary intensive care units.

PMID- 3893306
TI  - [Long-term prognosis of myocardial infarction. Value of Holter monitoring].
AB  - The mortality one year after a myocardial infarction varies between 2 and 60%
      according to the subjects. Thus, there is a group of patients at high risk of
      sudden death which it is important to be able to define. These patients are
      characterised by a lesion of the left ventricle with a decrease in the ejection
      fraction to below 0.40 and the presence of disorders of ventricular excitability
      on the Holter recording. This examination is able to demonstrate the signs of
      severity of the extrasystoles by showing an elevated number of ventricular
      extrasystoles (VEB) (greater than 1%) and the appearance in pairs or in runs. 24
      hour Holter monitoring may miss a complex arrhythmia and the increase in the
      duration of the monitor increase the sensitivity. However, it should be
      associated with an evaluation of the ejection fraction and possible with invasive
      investigations such as programmed ventricular stimulation in high risk patients.

PMID- 3893307
TI  - [Associated coronary and carotid atheroma. Implications and current role of
      indications for double surgery].
AB  - Coronary insufficiency is responsible for part of the peri-operative mortality of
      carotid surgery and it is by far the principal long term cause of death.
      Conversely, cerebral vascular accidents due to extra-cranial carotid stenosis
      compromise the results of myocardial revascularisation operations less than
      coronary insufficiency itself. Patients who require double surgery can be
      recognised on the basis of the clinical findings. The essential indication for
      this surgery is double clinical instability. Apart from these patients, the group
      of patients at high risk still need to be defined. Strictly preventative coronary
      and carotid surgery seem to be less justified, particularly as the currently
      available prophylactic measures and medical treatments appear to achieve a
      relative improvement in the long term prognosis of these patients with multiple
      vessel disease.

PMID- 3893308
TI  - Long-term cosmetic results comparing Proximate stapler with Dermalon skin
      closure.
AB  - Sixteen patients having had an aorto-femoral bifurcation bypass performed were
      allocated at random for having their right inguinal incisions sutured with
      staplers and the left incisions with monofilament nylon sutures or vice versa.
      Long-term follow-up (11 months) demonstrated no differences in the appearance of
      the scars. The only advantage of the stapler is the short duration of skin
      closure as compared to the sutured wounds. Since the long-term cosmetic results
      are equal and the cost price of the staplers are far higher than sutures we
      cannot recommend staplers for skin closure in routine operations.

PMID- 3893309
TI  - Isolated renal artery and combined aortic and renal artery reconstruction for
      renovascular hypertension. Late results of surgical treatment.
AB  - Fifty consecutive patients with renal artery occlusive disease underwent surgery
      for renovascular hypertension. The etiology was arteriosclerosis; only three
      patients had fibromuscular hyperplasia. Isolated renal artery stenosis was
      operated on in 22 patients while 28 patients underwent combined renal and
      aortoiliac/femoral procedures. Four of the patients required re-operation because
      of unsuccessful primary results. There was no operative mortality. Renin was
      determined in 29 patients and postoperative angiography was carried out in 22
      cases. The patency rate of the aorto-renal grafts was 94%; 2 aneurysmal vein
      graft dilatations occurred. Preoperative renin assays were positive in 90% of the
      patients with isolated renal artery stenosis but in only 45% of those having
      renal and aortoiliac/femoral arteriosclerosis. Postoperatively, the renin values
      had returned to normal limits in 95% of the patients. Long-term (2-11 years)
      successful treatment of hypertension was achieved in 79% of the cases with
      isolated stenosis and in 59% of the cases with aorto-iliac/femoral
      arteriosclerosis. The patients having a preoperative ipsilateral/contralateral
      renin ratio greater than or equal to 1.5 showed a success rate of 69%. Normal
      levels of renin were found in 85% of the successful cases.

PMID- 3893310
TI  - Obesity and the risk of cardiovascular disease.
AB  - The original notion that obesity is associated with disease and premature death
      was obtained from insurance statistics, which have been rightfully criticized for
      representing selected populations. In prospective, epidemiological studies a long
      period of observation on a large number of subjects is needed before obesity can
      be recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in spite of the fact
      that well-known risk factors for such disease are prevalent in obesity
      populations. This apparent paradox may be explained by the possibility that the
      risk of getting cardiovascular disease is present mainly in a subgroup of the
      total obese population. Such a subgroup might be characterized by the
      distribution of adipose tissue. Indeed abdominal obesity has been demonstrated
      consistently to be strongly associated with risk factors for cardiovascular
      disease in cross-sectional investigations of older and more recent dates. Several
      prospective longitudinal, epidemiological studies in both men and women have
      shown that abdominal obesity is associated with an increased risk of getting
      ischemic heart disease, stroke and death, independent of the total degree of
      obesity. The findings from these recent prospective studies, supported by
      previous unanimous cross-sectional studies as well as the fact that reasonable
      potential explanations for the statistical associations have been suggested, now
      seem to allow the conclusion that abdominal obesity should even be treated when
      present to a very limited extent. In such subjects, exclusion of conditions
      complicating obesity should also be performed vigorously. Abdominal obesity can
      be diagnosed by very simple means: measuring the abdominal circumference in
      relation to hip circumference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3893311
TI  - Assignment to chromosome 12 of the gene coding for the human cell surface antigen
      CD9(p24) using the monoclonal antibody ALB6.
AB  - An analysis of 20 independent man-mouse and man-hamster hybrids has shown that
      the gene coding for the cell-surface protein CD9(p24), a differentiation antigen
      recognized by the monoclonal antibody ALB6, is located on chromosome 12. A
      positive correlation was shown between CD9(p24) and chromosome 12 and all other
      chromosomes were excluded. In addition a synteny was observed between CD9(p24)
      and LDH-B, a well known marker of chromosome 12 (out of 27 hybrids, 15 were LDH
      B+ ALB6+ and 12 were LDH-B-ALB6-). Expression of the antigen in hybrid CH-35K
      issued from parental fibroblasts possessing a balanced reciprocal translocation
      46,X,Y,t(X,12)(q23,q12) indicated that the gene for CD9(p24) is probably
      localized on 12q12----pter. Monoclonal antibodies ALB6, Ba2 and 602/29 recognize
      the same protein of molecular weight 21 to 24 KD controlled by a gene located on
      chromosome 12. It is known that Ba2 and 602/29 recognize two different epitopes
      but the existence of a third epitope recognized by ALB6 remains to be shown.

PMID- 3893312
TI  - Is serum beta 2 microglobulin a useful marker in patients with breast cancer?
AB  - In a study of 19 patients with breast cancer serum beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2
      mu) was evaluated as a tumour marker. Serum beta 2 mu did not correlate with
      tumour stage, survival time, or histological differentiation grade. Nor did a
      change of serum beta 2 mu reflect a change of tumour mass. Additionally, serum
      beta 2 mu lacks specificity and sensitivity, as only 21% of our patients had an
      increased serum beta 2 mu.

PMID- 3893313
TI  - [A spectroturbidimetric method of rapid evaluation of microbial sensitivity to
      antibiotics].
AB  - A rapid spectroturbidimetric method for estimation of the microbial sensitivity
      to antibiotics is described. It provides quantitative determination of
      significant structural parameters of bacterial suspensions, such as the average
      values of the cell radius or the radius of the cell conglomerates r lambda, their
      numerical concentration N and the concentration of the intact cells by the dry
      weight C. The relative changing of the biomass during the culture growth is a
      reliable index of the microbial sensitivity to the antibiotic effect. The
      changing of the biomass is determined by direct estimation of C, but not by the
      suspension turbidity measured at one light wavelength. The collection strains E.
      coli M-17 and S. aureus 209P were used. The spectra of the optical density were
      measured with the use of the apparatus made in the USSR. It was noted that the
      resolving capacity and realization rate of the spectroturbidimetric method wee
      higher than those of the routine agar diffusion method. The spectroturbidimetric
      method provides determination of the culture sensitivity to several antibiotics
      for 4 hours.

PMID- 3893314
TI  - [Sensitivity of Proteus mirabilis to drugs in the presence of human blood serum].
AB  - For rational antibiotic therapy of patients with persisting bacterial infections,
      the routine determination of antibiotic resistance in the microorganisms may be
      insufficient. In this case estimation of the total bactericidal activity of the
      antibacterial drugs and sera against the causative agents is required. It was
      shown experimentally that in the presence of human blood sera sensitivity of the
      P. mirabilis strains to benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, gentamicin, kanamycin and
      cephaloridin increased, the sensitivity to rifampicin varied and the sensitivity
      to chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid lowered. The quantitative indices of the
      sensitivity depended on the biological properties of the strains. The
      bactericidal activity of the human blood sera lowered under the action of
      nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol and rifampicin, with the concentrations of the
      antibacterial drugs being equal to those attained in the blood of patients during
      chemotherapy. A method for determination of the bactericidal activity of human
      blood sera in the presence of the antibacterial drugs with the use of P.
      mirabilis is described. The method is relatively simple and provides satisfactory
      coincidence of the results indicative of the nonspecific resistance of the blood.
      This allows the physician to choose the rational antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 3893315
TI  - [Sensitivity to antibiotics of Salmonella isolated from children with a
      gastrointestinal form of salmonellosis].
AB  - Six hundred and ten Salmonella strains isolated from children with the
      gastrointestinal form of salmonellosis were investigated for their species
      composition and sensitivity to broad spectrum antibiotics, such as levomycetin,
      polymyxin, kanamycin, gentamicin and others. The agar diffusion method with paper
      disks was used in the investigation. S. typhimurium predominated in the
      etiological picture of salmonellosis in children and amounted to 72.5 per cent.
      Then followed S. stenleyvile (15.1 per cent). Salmonella of rare serovars
      amounted only to 14.2 per cent. The Salmonella strains were resistant to the
      majority of the antibiotics tested. The highest resistance levels were observed
      in S. stenleyvile and S. typhimurium. Salmonella of the rare serovars were more
      sensitive to the antibiotics. More than 80 per cent of the Salmonella strains
      were polyresistant to 6-8 antibiotics. This indicates that antibioticograms
      should be considered in the treatment of children with salmonellosis.

PMID- 3893316
TI  - Evaluation of the in vitro activity of BMY-28142, a new broad-spectrum
      cephalosporin.
AB  - The in vitro activity of BMY-28142, a new cephalosporin, was tested by a broth
      microdilution system and compared with those of cefotaxime, ceftazidime,
      cefoperazone, moxalactam, and HR 810 against 747 bacterial isolates, one-third of
      which were resistant to one or more third-generation cephalosporins. BMY-28142
      was the most active drug tested against 326 Enterobacteriaceae with an MIC for
      90% of the organisms tested (MIC90) of 1.0 micrograms/ml. Against these
      Enterobacteriaceae the relative activities were: BMY-28142 greater than HR 810
      greater than moxalactam and ceftazidime greater than cefotaxime greater than
      cefoperazone. For cefotaxime- and cefoperazone-resistant strains, the MIC90 of
      BMY-28142 was 4.0 micrograms/ml (compared with 0.13 micrograms/ml for susceptible
      strains). BMY-28142, with an MIC90 of 8.0 micrograms/ml for Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa, was about half as active as ceftazidime. The relative activities
      against P. aeruginosa were: ceftazidime greater than BMY-28142 greater than HR
      810 greater than cefoperazone greater than moxalactam and cefotaxime. The MIC90
      of BMY-28142 against staphylococci was 2.0 micrograms/ml, which was fourfold less
      active than HR 810, slightly less active than cefotaxime and cefoperazone, and
      fourfold more active than ceftazidime and moxalactam. BMY-28142 was very active
      against beta-lactamase-positive and -negative Haemophilus influenzae (MIC90, 0.06
      micrograms/ml), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (MIC90, 0.015 micrograms/ml),aand
      nonenterococcal streptococci. Its activity against Streptococcus faecalis was
      poor (MIC90, 64 micrograms/ml). BMY-28142 was stable against the several beta
      lactamases tested but exhibited little beta-lactamase inhibitory effect.

PMID- 3893317
TI  - Effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics on polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in
      vivo.
AB  - In vitro incubation of aminoglycoside antibiotics with human polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes (PMNs) has been shown to induce abnormalities in cell function. This
      study was designed to determine whether there are similar abnormalities in
      leukocyte function after exposure to the action of these agents in vivo. Four
      aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin, and amikacin) were tested.
      In vitro incubation did not induce a chemotactic defect when measured by an under
      agarose method. However, inhibition of candidacidal activity was reproducible
      after in vitro incubation of all aminoglycosides tested. Nevertheless, when the
      aminoglycosides were administered intravenously to normal volunteers, PMN
      function, including adherence to nylon wool columns, chemotaxis, phagocytosis,
      and killing of Candida albicans, was unimpaired at 1, 3, and 24 h postinfusion.
      Therefore, we conclude that aminoglycoside antibiotic administration does not
      induce PMN dysfunction in vivo.

PMID- 3893318
TI  - Synthesis of optically active sulfur and selenium amino acids with microbial
      enzymes.

PMID- 3893319
TI  - A quantitative review of self-help research with the severely and profoundly
      mentally retarded.
AB  - Eighty-seven studies published since 1964 through 1982 on training self-help
      skills to severely and profoundly mentally retarded persons were analyzed
      according to 19 parameters reflecting their methodological details. The results
      showed a steady interest in this research area over time, but 63% of the studies
      focused on toileting and feeding with fewer studies looking at other self-help
      skills. Package treatments composed primarily of accelerative techniques were
      most frequently used to train these skills. Methodologically, it was found that
      these studies typically involved profoundly mentally retarded people (33% of
      studies) who were trained by residential staff (69% of studies) in institutional
      settings (63% of studies). The results also indicated an increase over time in
      the number of studies rated acceptable on the reliability and design parameters.
      Finally, very few studies reported assessments of generalization, maintenance, or
      social validity. It was concluded that, (a) researchers need to broaden their
      interests in terms of settings, trainers, and behaviors studied to best meet the
      needs of this population, (b) the experimental quality of this literature is
      improving, and (c) the social impact of observed behavior changes has yet to be
      fully explored.

PMID- 3893320
TI  - Probability of recovering pathogenic Escherichia coli from foods.
AB  - The probability of recovering pathogenic Escherichia coli from food by the
      Bacteriological Analytical Manual method was determined by the effects of several
      factors: the number of strains per food, the ability of pathogenic strains to
      survive enrichment, and the frequency of plasmid loss during enrichment.
      Biochemical patterns indicated the presence of about six E. coli strains per food
      sample. About half of the strains isolated from humans did not survive
      enrichment. Among those which grew, plasmid loss, as determined by gel
      electrophoresis and DNA colony hybridization, ranged from 20 to 95%. The combined
      effects of failure to survive enrichment and plasmid loss decreased the relative
      numbers of these strains and reduced the chance of detecting pathogens. To
      counteract this tendency and obtain a 90 to 95% probability off recovering a
      given pathogenic strain, 40 to 50 colonies per food sample should be picked
      during the routine testing of foods.

PMID- 3893321
TI  - Klebsiella pneumoniae in orange juice concentrate.
AB  - Fecal coliform-positive, capsule-forming Klebsiella pneumoniae cells were
      observed in high densities (10(4) to 10(8) CFU/100 ml) in two commercial batches
      of frozen orange juice concentrate at a cannery in Puerto Rico. Contamination of
      both lots was gross and included off colors and odors. Isolates of K. pneumoniae
      from these concentrates revealed growth at 4, 25, and 34 degrees C with
      generation times from 0.39 to 1.84 h.

PMID- 3893322
TI  - Salt-dependent binding of Escherichia coli initiation factor 3 to nucleic acids
      determined by sedimentation partition chromatography.
AB  - The binding of 14CH3- initiation factor 3 (IF3) to polynucleotides is strongly
      dependent upon the concentration of added salt. The observed association
      constant, Kobs, increases by ca. a factor of 10(2) when the NaCl concentration is
      lowered from 200 to 100 mM for the binding of 14CH3-IF3 to all nucleic acids
      examined. This salt-dependent binding suggests that at physiological salt
      concentrations the formation of an IF3-polynucleotide complex is primarily driven
      by the release of cations from the nucleic acid, although anion effects are
      involved also. For single-stranded nucleic acids, nonelectrostatic interactions
      may contribute a factor of 10(2) to the value of Kobs, although accurate
      assessment of these interactions is complicated by anion effects. The binding of
      14CH3-IF3 to the double helix, poly(A).poly(U), appears to be exclusively
      electrostatic. 14CH3-IF3 forms a maximum of 8 +/- 2 ion pairs with most single
      stranded polynucleotides. The value of Kobs increases from ca. 10(3) to 10(5) M-1
      when the NaCl concentration is lowered from 200 to 100 mM for the binding of
      14CH3-IF3 to poly(A), poly(C), poly(U), and poly(A).poly(U). At physiological
      salt concentrations, IF3 shows no preference for any of these bases or for single
      or double-stranded structures. However, 14CH3-IF3 binds ca. 60 times greater to
      poly(A,G), at al NaCl concentrations examined, than to the other nucleic acids,
      indicating that IF3 has some preference for guanine-containing polynucleotides.
      The presence of 10 mM Mg2+ tends to reduce the value of Kobs at any given NaCl
      concentration, but to a smaller degree than predicted by simply a competition
      between Mg2+ and IF3 for the nucleic acid lattice.

PMID- 3893324
TI  - Infection in the immunocompromised host.

PMID- 3893323
TI  - A fluorescence study of the binding of poly(1,N6-ethenoadenylic acid) to
      Escherichia coli initiation factor 3.
AB  - The binding of initiation Factor 3 (IF3) to poly (1,N6-ethenoadenylic acid)
      [poly(epsilon A)] was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. At low salt
      concentrations, IF3 evokes an increase in the fluorescence intensity of
      poly(epsilon A) due to the unstacking of the nucleotide bases. The poly(epsilon
      A) fluorescence enhancement titrates to an endpoint of 13 +/- 2 nucleotide
      residues per IF3. The maximum poly(epsilon A) fluorescence enhancement, at
      lattice saturation, decreases with increasing salt concentration. Even though IF3
      does not produce a large fluorescence increase between 75 and 200 mM NaCl
      concentration, the protein still binds to poly(epsilon A) at these salt
      concentrations as measured by sedimentation partition chromatography; the value
      of Kobs for the IF3-poly(epsilon A) interaction is comparable to that of other
      synthetic polynucleotides. The binding of IF3 to poly(A) at 150 and 200 mM NaCl
      induces an increase in nucleotide base-base separation as determined by CD, yet
      IF3-induced disruption of base stacking of poly(epsilon A) at these same salt
      concentrations is not detected by fluorescence. It is likely that IF3 binds
      primarily to the phosphate backbone of poly(epsilon A) at low salt
      concentrations, producing an increase in the fluorescence intensity. But, at
      higher salt concentrations, the aromatic amino acids intercalate between the
      nucleotide bases quenching the poly(epsilon A) fluorescence.

PMID- 3893325
TI  - Localized Darier's disease of the scalp complicated by Trichophyton tonsurans
      infection.
AB  - A unique form of localized keratosis follicularis (Darier's disease) of the scalp
      occurred in a mother and daughter. The presence of secondary bacterial and fungal
      infection was responsible for a delay in establishing an accurate diagnosis of
      the true nature of their disorder.

PMID- 3893326
TI  - Herpes gestationis. Persistent disease activity 11 years post partum.
AB  - A patient had herpes gestationis that had persisted for over 11 years post partum
      despite aggressive therapy with corticosteroids, dapsone, and various
      immunosuppressants. Postpartum exacerbation is a characteristic feature of herpes
      gestationis. However, it usually is of short duration and is responsive to
      conventional therapy.

PMID- 3893327
TI  - Spina bifida: do we have the right policies?

PMID- 3893328
TI  - Acute focal bacterial nephritis.
AB  - In the kidney, acute focal parenchymal infection without liquefaction can produce
      a 'mass lesion' that may mimic an abscess or tumour, both clinically and
      radiologically. Ultrasound and computed tomography can differentiate between
      these lesions and allow appropriate antibiotic treatment to be used safely,
      avoiding unnecessary surgical intervention.

PMID- 3893329
TI  - Investigation of the 'satisfying' quality of infant formula milks.
AB  - The 'satisfying' quality of a typical, current formula milk was compared with
      that of an earlier type with higher protein and mineral content in a double
      blind, cross over trial in 10 infants. There were no significant differences in
      the amount of crying or volume consumed which meant that there was a higher
      sodium and protein intake but no associated improvement in 'satisfaction'.

PMID- 3893330
TI  - Raised intracranial pressure not detected by ultrasound.
AB  - Two patients with raised intracranial pressure responding to ventriculoperitoneal
      shunting are described in whom ultrasound failed to show dilated ventricles. The
      importance of not equating absence of ventricular dilatation with normal pressure
      and ventricular dilatation with high pressure is emphasised.

PMID- 3893331
TI  - Increased in vivo secretory activity of neutrophil granulocytes in patients with
      psoriasis and palmoplantar pustulosis.
AB  - The relationship between psoriasis and palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is
      uncertain, as is the role of the neutrophil granulocyte in these conditions. In a
      previous comparative study of the rate of polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN)
      phagocytosis of IgG- and IgG-C3b-coated particles, an increased uptake rate was
      found in both diseases. Further information on the in vivo activity of PMNs in
      these conditions may be obtainable by determining the level of lactoferrin (LF)
      in serum from such patients, since LF serves as a specific marker of the turnover
      and activity of the circulating pool of neutrophils. In this study on 19 patients
      with psoriasis and 20 patients with PPP, elevated levels of LF were found in both
      conditions. In contrast, the levels of lysozyme and beta 2-microglobulin, which
      are markers of monocyte-macrophage and lymphocyte activity, respectively, were
      normal. This suggests the selective activation of neutrophils in these disorders.
      LF was significantly correlated (P less than 0.05 and 0.001, respectively) to the
      rates of phagocytosis of IgG- and IgG-C3b-coated particles, but not to the
      chemotaxis of isolated PMNs. There was no correlation between the severity of the
      disease and the levels of serum LF. The data suggest the increased in vivo
      activity of neutrophils in psoriasis and PPP.

PMID- 3893333
TI  - A study on fixation and washing procedures in direct immunofluorescence.

PMID- 3893332
TI  - Study on the micromorphology of Mycobacterium leprae.
AB  - The micromorphology of Mycobacterium leprae is described. After fixation with
      osmium tetroxide supplemented with calcium ions, the cell wall was seen to be
      composed of three layers; the cytoplasmic membrane exhibited the architecture of
      an elementary membrane. The mesosomes were best visualized after fixation with
      glutaraldehyde; they were sometimes in contact with the nuclear equivalent. Only
      one sort of phosphate body was found. The nucleoid was best visualized after
      fixation with osmium tetroxide.

PMID- 3893334
TI  - Pregnancy and the renal transplant patient.

PMID- 3893335
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus without clinical renal abnormalities: renal biopsy
      findings and clinical course.
AB  - The extent and significance of renal biopsy abnormalities in patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without clinical renal abnormalities is
      controversial. We report 11 consecutive SLE patients who were biopsied without
      clinical renal abnormalities. All 11 patients had mesangial changes either by
      light microscopy or by immunofluorescent staining, and none had changes of focal
      or diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. Additionally none had deterioration
      of renal function during the mean follow-up period of 6.3 years.

PMID- 3893337
TI  - Extensor tendon injuries. Presentation of a series of ninety-nine cases.
AB  - A series of 99 cases of injuries of the extensor system, followed in the 3
      Traumatology and Orthopedics Ward (Dijon, France) is presented. Results were
      analyzed according to Verdan's classification. In most cases, a Jenning "barb
      wire" type repair, introduced in France by Y. Allieu, was made. Early
      mobilization and skin tension problems are emphasized; two cases of degloving on
      the dorsum of the hand are presented with details. As well, a special place
      concerning the results of repair in the proximal interphalangeal joint must be
      reserved, because of the very frequent association of articular destruction and
      the very difficult problem s of surgical management which arise in these cases.

PMID- 3893338
TI  - [Echographic study of the embryonal and fetal hand].
AB  - The morphological aspects of the limbs as well as several details in the forearm
      and in the hand were observed from the seventh week of gestation on by routine
      sonographic examination of the embryo and the fetus. This examination was
      performed once a week beginning in the first months of life. The authors
      emphasize the value of sonography in the detection of fetal and embryonic
      malformations of the upper limb. The method has its limits however and remains to
      be perfected but it has already proved to be efficient for future studies,
      essentially because of its innocuousness. The images obtained between the 9th and
      33d weeks of gestation are presented.

PMID- 3893336
TI  - Need for immunologic stimulators during immunosuppression produced by major
      cancer surgery.
AB  - Although surgery, radiology, and anticancer chemicals have been effective in the
      treatment of cancer, the immunologic phase of therapy deserves more effort and
      thought, because the possibilities are considerable. However, the immunologic
      phase is so complicated that, without the advances made during the past few
      years, little could be expected from immunology. The focus of this paper is on
      the immunosuppression produced by major cancer operations, at which time the
      patient needs immunologic help.

PMID- 3893339
TI  - Repair of aortic coarctation in infants: experience with an intraluminal shunt.
AB  - From 1962 to mid-1984, 63 infants underwent coarctation repair. Cardiac defects
      were present in 46 (73%). Repair was by subclavian aortoplasty in 35 patients,
      resection and end-to-end anastomosis in 19, and other techniques in 6. Three
      patients died before the repair was completed. In 15 patients, an intraluminal
      shunt was used during subclavian aortoplasty. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was infused
      in 9 patients. Early (thirty-day) mortality was 16% (10 patients): 4 patients who
      underwent end-to-end anastomosis; 3 during attempted end-to-end anastomosis; 2
      who received bypass grafts; and 1 who had subclavian aortoplasty without a shunt.
      None of the 15 patients who had subclavian aortoplasty with a shunt died. There
      were no early deaths among the last 25 patients seen. One patient who underwent
      subclavian aortoplasty without a shunt is paraplegic. There were 10 late deaths
      among the 53 patients followed from 1 month to 12 years (mean, 3 years). Arm-leg
      pressure gradients of 20 mm Hg or greater were found in 4 of the patients who had
      end-to-end anastomosis but not in any of the patients who had subclavian
      aortoplasty. Improved results of coarctation repair in infants in this study were
      attributed to PGE1, subclavian aortoplasty, and use of an intraluminal shunt.

PMID- 3893340
TI  - Technique for removal of percutaneously placed intraaortic balloons.

PMID- 3893341
TI  - Renin response to captopril in conscious dogs pretreated with indomethacin or
      propranolol.
AB  - The present experiments were undertaken to examine the involvement of
      prostaglandins and intrarenal beta-adrenergic system in captopril-induced renin
      release using conscious dogs. In a first series of experiments, plasma renin
      activity (PRA) increased 2.5- to 5.2-fold after captopril (1 mg/kg, i.v.)
      administration. When the same dose of captopril was given in indomethacin (5
      mg/kg, i.v.)-pretreated animals, PRA similarly increased. Mean arterial pressure
      (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were unchanged throughout the experiment in both non-
      and indomethacin-pretreated animals. In a second series of experiments, captopril
      induced PRA elevation was observed under the condition of propranolol (1 mg/kg,
      i.v.)-pretreatment, although propranolol reduced base line PRA. Statistical
      analysis did not give a definite evidence that propranolol inhibits captopril
      induced renin release. MAP and HR were not changed by captopril in propranolol
      pretreated animals as well as in non-pretreated animals. These results suggest
      that prostaglandins and a real functional interaction with the beta-adrenergic
      system are not involved in the captopril-induced renin release in conscious dogs.

PMID- 3893342
TI  - Risks, paternalism, and the gift of life.

PMID- 3893343
TI  - Hypertension management in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT).
      Six-year intervention results for men in special intervention and usual care
      groups.
AB  - The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial was a large collaborative primary
      prevention trial designed to test the effects of lowering cardiovascular risk
      factors (ie, diastolic blood pressure [DBP], serum cholesterol, and cigarette
      smoking) on mortality rate from coronary heart disease in 12,866 high-risk men
      aged 35 to 57 years. Men were randomly assigned to either special intervention
      (SI) or usual care (UC) groups. Usual care men were referred to their regular
      source of medical care. Special intervention men were seen frequently and
      underwent intensive intervention initially followed by maintenance intervention
      in 22 different clinical centers. Hypertension intervention in SI men primarily
      consisted of a stepped-care pharmacologic approach designed to lower blood
      pressure (BP). After six years, 58.2% of SI men and 47.0% of UC men were given
      antihypertensive medication. In both study groups, mean systolic and diastolic
      BPs decreased from baseline; after six years, overall DBP was 3.2 mm Hg lower in
      SI men compared with UC men. In hypertensive men (DBP greater than or equal to 90
      mm Hg or those taking antihypertensive medication at baseline), after six years,
      DBP was 4.4 mm Hg lower in the SI group compared with the UC group. Use of
      specific antihypertensive agents differed substantially between the two groups.
      Self-reported complaints while taking antihypertensive drugs were minimal in both
      groups. Weight loss was associated with BP lowering in both study groups,
      regardless of treatment status.

PMID- 3893344
TI  - A history of the Rankin Clinical Research Unit of Duke University Medical Center.

PMID- 3893345
TI  - Vasopressin therapy for upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. Has its efficacy
      been proven?
AB  - Of four reported studies of vasopressin therapy in acute upper gastrointestinal
      tract hemorrhage, three found vasopressin to be effective and one did not. The
      studies differed with regard to population, design, and methods. The one study
      that found vasopressin to be ineffective in controlling gastrointestinal tract
      hemorrhage may have been better controlled with regard to duration of therapy and
      evaluation of patients. However, the population studied appeared to be different
      and the authors may have failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect of vasopressin
      in a select subgroup of patients. Vasopressin dosing has also been a point of
      controversy. Hemodynamic data thus far support the use of low-dose infusions. The
      use of terlipressin (Glypressin), a new analogue of vasopressin, also appears
      promising.

PMID- 3893347
TI  - Peanut shell colitis.
AB  - A 40-year-old physician experienced abdominal pain, loose stools, hematochezia,
      and anal discomfort with defecation associated with the daily consumption of 15
      to 30 whole peanuts, including the shells. Thorough evaluation revealed only
      nonspecific colitis of the distal portion of the sigmoid colon and inflamed
      hemorrhoids. Discontinuation of whole peanut ingestion was associated with
      symptomatic, endoscopic, and histological resolution. In this patient, undigested
      peanut shells seem to have caused a nonspecific colitis, perhaps as the result of
      mechanical abrasion of the colonic mucosa.

PMID- 3893346
TI  - Donor's choice or Hobson's choice?
AB  - During the evaluation of the living-related renal donor, medical abnormalities
      may be uncovered. When the added risk to the donor, resulting from such
      abnormalities, is greater than the chance of a successful transplant, most would
      agree that such individuals should be excluded from donating. However, when minor
      abnormalities are uncovered, adding small or unknown risk, is the donor given a
      choice in his own medical suitability? To answer this, a questionnaire was mailed
      to transplant centers around the country. The results indicate that many centers
      do not allow the potential donor to accept uncertain risks. In their effort to
      protect the donor, these centers actually practice pseudoprotectionism, since
      they deprive some individuals of the right to give, perhaps one of life's most
      meaningful experiences. We propose that under the circumstances described, the
      final decision regarding acceptability for donation should rest with the donor.
      If this attitude were adopted, perhaps the renal donor pool would increase.

PMID- 3893348
TI  - Artificial and baboon heart implantation: the Jewish view.

PMID- 3893349
TI  - Immunoperoxidase cell surface localization of rabies virus antigen in tissue
      cultures at a low viral multiplicity.

PMID- 3893350
TI  - Microarterial anastomosis by invagination. Light microscopy and scanning electron
      microscopy.

PMID- 3893351
TI  - Detection of thermolabile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli by laser ray
      nephelometry.

PMID- 3893352
TI  - Versatility of the enzymatic immunoassay for the antiepileptic therapy control.

PMID- 3893353
TI  - Membrane adhesion in photosynthetic bacterial membranes. Light harvesting complex
      I (LHI) appears to be the main adhesion factor.
AB  - We have reconstituted pigment-protein complexes isolated from Rhodopseudomonas
      palustris photosynthetic membranes into phospholipid liposomes. The various
      complexes were tested for their ability to promote adhesion of the liposome
      membrane in the presence and absence of Mg2+ ions. Samples containing a reaction
      center (RC)/light-harvesting I (LHI) complex appeared to stack in a manner
      resembling control thylakoids in 2 and 5 mM Mg2+. We also tested for the effects
      of Mg2+ on detergent extractability of pigment-protein complexes from intact
      membranes. Mg2+ sharply reduced the amount of LHI solubilized from membranes,
      while having little effect on the extractability of the light harvesting II
      complex (LHII) and the RC. Based on these results we suggest that LHI is the
      principal adhesion factor of R. palustris thylakoids.

PMID- 3893354
TI  - Isolation and structural analysis of two lipid A precursors from a KDO deficient
      mutant of Salmonella typhimurium differing in their hexadecanoic acid content.
AB  - The extraction, purification and structural characterization of two lipid A
      precursors (Ia and Ib) differing only in one hexadecanoic acid are described.
      Both precursors were synthesized at elevated temperatures by a new mutant of
      Salmonella typhimurium (mutant Ts5) which is conditionally defective in synthesis
      of the 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid region of lipopolysaccharides. Both
      precursors were purified by repeated phenol/chloroform/petroleum ether (PCP)
      extractions followed by thin layer chromatography. The precursor preparation was
      free of lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids and contained less than 0.1%
      protein. Structural analysis which included chemical degradation procedures as
      well as positive ion laser desorption (LDMS) mass spectroscopy of
      dephosphorylated lipid A precursors showed together that precursor Ia represents
      a diphosphorylated glucosamine disaccharide containing two ester, two amide
      linked residues of 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid and lacks the ester-linked
      dodecanoic, tetradecanoic and hexadecanoic acid as well as 3-deoxy-D-manno
      octulosonic acid. Precursor Ib has the same basic structure as precursor Ia, but
      contains in addition one mol of hexadecanoic acid per mol disaccharide which is
      linked to the 3-hydroxy group of the amide-bound 3-hydroxy-tetradecanoic acid of
      the reducing, terminal glucosamine residue. The structure of precursor Ib
      supports the conclusion that hexadecanoic acid incorporation occurs at an early
      stage in lipid A biosynthesis prior to the attachment of 3-deoxy-D-manno
      octulosonic acid and/or other polar substituents.

PMID- 3893355
TI  - Hemolytic activity of Serratia marcescens.
AB  - A cell-bound hemolytic activity was found in several strains of Serratia
      marcescens. One Serratia cell per ten erythrocytes was sufficient to cause
      complete lysis of human erythrocytes within 2 h in the liquid assay. The
      hemolytic activity resided in the membrane fraction and could be inactivated by
      incubating cells with proteases. The hemolytic activity was greatly enhanced in
      actively metabolizing Serratia cells and was partially controlled by the iron
      supply. Hemolysis was accompanied by degradation of erythrocyte membrane proteins
      (band 3 and 6, glycophorin) and was independent of the blood group. The
      exoprotease secreted by S. marcescens in large amounts was not involved in
      hemolysis. Comparison with various hemolytic strains of Escherichia coli showed
      that hemolysis of erythrocytes was more pronounced with S. marcescens than with
      E. coli. In contrast to hemolysis by E. coli, lysis of erythrocytes by S.
      marcescens was not enhanced by Ca2+ ions.

PMID- 3893356
TI  - Caffeine-induced escape from dexamethasone suppression.

PMID- 3893357
TI  - [Reminiscence of Prof. Mieczyslaw Skulimowski on the 2d anniversary of his
      death].

PMID- 3893358
TI  - [Organization of the sanitary service in Jaroslaw].

PMID- 3893359
TI  - [Instruction for the Jaroslaw sanitary services in 1910. From the history of
      communal hygiene].

PMID- 3893360
TI  - [Hospital for Revenue Service Employees in the Battle of Warsaw (reminiscences of
      September 1939)].

PMID- 3893361
TI  - [Museum of the History of the Lublin Medical Academy].

PMID- 3893362
TI  - [Need for re-interpreting various invalid medico-historical opinions].

PMID- 3893363
TI  - [Museum pieces of the Pharmacy Department of the Lodz Medical Academy and their
      role in exhibits, didactics and research works].

PMID- 3893364
TI  - [The founding and beginnings of the activities of the St. Anthony district
      hospital in Wloclawek (1823-1872)].

PMID- 3893365
TI  - [The origin of quarantine in European naval medicine].

PMID- 3893366
TI  - [Remarks with regard to the health, diseases and cause of death of Jan
      Kochanowski (1530-1584)].

PMID- 3893367
TI  - [The monastic pharmacy of the Brothers of the Order of St. John of God and its
      conversion to a public service institution].

PMID- 3893368
TI  - [Franciszek Nowak (1901-1983), a Silesian researcher on the history of pharmacy
      and chronicler of its present-day developments].

PMID- 3893369
TI  - [Organization of the medical and sanitary services in the Torun sub-prefecture
      during the period of the Duchy of Warsaw].

PMID- 3893370
TI  - [Tymoteusz Stepniewski (1834-1901), an outstanding Warsaw physician. Contribution
      to the history of smallpox prevention in Warsaw in the 19th century].

PMID- 3893372
TI  - [History of the founding of the Jewish Hospital in Wroclaw].

PMID- 3893371
TI  - [Prof. Stanislaw Szpilczynski 5 Nov 1910-1 May 1981].

PMID- 3893373
TI  - [Experimental method of Claude Bernard and its current importance for research
      studies in medicine].

PMID- 3893374
TI  - [Various aspects of Polish pharmacy in the work of H. Schelenz "Geschichte der
      Pharmazie"].

PMID- 3893375
TI  - [Socio-cultural factors of drug dependence in Poland during the last 100 years].

PMID- 3893376
TI  - [Anniversary dates in Polish medicine 1985].

PMID- 3893377
TI  - [Selected events in the history of stomatology].

PMID- 3893378
TI  - Enkephalin neurons in the guinea pig proximal colon: an immunocytochemical study
      using an antiserum to methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8.
AB  - The distribution and structure of the neurons containing opioid peptide-like
      immunoreactivity (enkephalin neurons) in the antimesenteric border of the guinea
      pig proximal colon were immunocytochemically investigated using an antiserum for
      methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (R-0171). Whole-mount preparations of the
      different layers of the intestine perfusion-fixed with Bouin's fluid were
      immunostained by peroxidase-antiperoxidase techniques. Immunopositive nerve
      fibers were apparent in the longitudinal muscle layer, myenteric plexus, circular
      muscle layer and submucosa. Immunopositive perikarya of the ganglionic cells were
      found in the myenteric plexus. A Golgi-type panoramic view was obtained in the
      intensely-immunostained enkephalin neurons. Distinct immunoreactivity was shown
      in the many Dogiel type 1 neurons, characterized by short broad processes
      (winglets or alulae) and one long axon-like process, as well as a few type 2,
      characterized by several tapering processes, and type 3 neurons, characterized by
      dendrite-like processes. Many twig-like processes originated from the free margin
      of the winglet of the enkephalin neurons (wing-ramuli). A part of them entered
      the intramuscular fasciculus, while the rest remained inside the ganglion. There
      were transitional forms between these wing-ramuli and the tapering processes of
      the type 2 neurons or the dendrite-like processes of the type 3 neurons. The axon
      like processes sent out branches (axon-ramuli) along their courses or into the
      intramuscular fasciculus. At the origin of these axon-ramuli, there was a
      nodulous or humped swelling of the axon-like process (nodulus or crista). In the
      myenteric ganglion, the axon-ramuli formed varicose terminals. In the guinea pig
      proximal colon, many axon-like processes of the enkephalin neurons ran in the
      oral direction. This polarity of neuronic processes may have a functional
      significance in the neuronal control of the antiperistalsis.

PMID- 3893379
TI  - Dendritic cell phenotype in localized malignant histiocytosis of the small
      intestine.
AB  - We studied a unique case of a localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the pleomorphic
      large-cell type arising in the small intestine to determine its phenotype.
      Immunohistochemical staining for S100 protein, lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and
      Leu-M1 was performed. Many lymphoma cells were positive for S100 protein and were
      negative with the other antibodies. These findings indicate a probable dendritic
      cell origin for this lymphoma similar to that seen in histiocytosis X and some
      cases of malignant histiocytosis, but apparently quite distinct from the S100
      protein-negative, lysozyme-positive, alpha 1-antitrypsin-positive cells seen
      within the mononuclear phagocytic system.

PMID- 3893380
TI  - The development of electron microscopy.

PMID- 3893381
TI  - Estrogen receptor analyses. Correlation of biochemical and immunohistochemical
      methods using monoclonal antireceptor antibodies.
AB  - Attempts at histochemical localization of estrogen receptor with anti-steroid
      antibody or some fluoresceinated estrogens have given unacceptable sensitivities
      and specificities when compared with biochemical methods or clinical response. In
      the present study a monoclonal antibody against estrogen receptor (H222 Sp gamma)
      was used on cryostat sections of freshly frozen breast tumors with a peroxidase
      antiperoxidase immunoperoxidase technique. Biochemical receptor analyses were by
      dextran-coated charcoal analyses. Tumors from three separate cohorts of patients
      were studied as follows: population A, 62 primary breast cancers from 1983;
      population B, 72 primary lesions stored from 1976 to 1983; and population C, 23
      patients with metastases, treated with hormonal therapy. Distinct staining was
      seen in the cell nucleus. A semiquantitative relationship was seen between
      histochemical score assessment of staining and biochemical assay in each cohort.
      The sensitivity and specificity using a threshold of 75 for the histochemical
      score and more than 20 femtomoles/mg of protein for dextran-coated charcoal
      analyses were as follows: population A, specificity, 89%, and sensitivity, 95%;
      population B, specificity, 94%, and sensitivity 88%; and for population C, the
      comparison was with objective clinical response yielding specificity, 89%, and
      sensitivity, 93%.

PMID- 3893382
TI  - Pancreatic polypeptide in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and their normal siblings and parents were
      studied for protein meal-stimulated pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secretion.
      Patients with CF who had exocrine pancreatic insufficiency did not respond to a
      protein meal, whereas patients with CF and normal pancreatic function presented
      relatively well-preserved basal and elevated postmeal PP levels. The siblings
      responded with relatively lower PP levels compared with the control subjects.
      Plasma insulin levels were also investigated, and showed sluggish initial-phase
      but relatively well-preserved insulin responses in the patients with CF.
      Immunocytochemical and morphometric studies were made of pancreata obtained at
      autopsy from patients with CF. In the patients younger than 7 years of age, well
      preserved islet tissue was disclosed by islet-area morphometry with normal and/or
      below-normal PP cell counts, whereas patients older than 9 years had relatively
      less insulin-containing islet tissue and scanty PP cells. Absent PP secretory
      response in patients with CF who had exocrine pancreatic insufficiency may
      suggest defects in the PP secretory mechanism. Abnormal PP secretion may be used
      as an indirect index of pancreatic damage in CF.

PMID- 3893383
TI  - Fusobacteria. An important cause of chorioamnionitis.
AB  - Prematurity is the main cause of human perinatal disease and chorioamnionitis is
      the main cause of prematurity. The diverse etiologic role of infection is
      incompletely known. Fusobacteria (FB) are herein reported to be delineated by the
      Warthin-Starry (WS) stain; an animal model was developed to reinforce evidence
      that FB cause chorioamnionitis. Isolates of these bacteria from three human
      placentas were inoculated into rabbits to develop antisera. Within an annual
      study of 297 human placentas, 138 were processed with WS stains. By WS stain,
      microbiologic culture, and immunofluorescent labelling of three placentas, FB
      were proved to cause chorioamnionitis. Sixty-two (35%) of 176 premature newborns
      had chorioamnionitis. Of these 62, 11 (18%) had morphologically evident FB; FB
      like organisms were associated with chorioamnionitis and prematurity. Our
      findings support and expand clinical investigation of the amniotic infection
      syndrome.

PMID- 3893384
TI  - Localization of parathyroid hormone-like substance in squamous cell carcinomas.
      An immunoperoxidase study with ultrastructural correlation.
AB  - Histologic sections of squamous cell carcinomas of four hypercalcemic patients
      were investigated for the presence of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-like substance.
      None of the patients had clinical or radiographic evidence of bone metastases.
      The Sternberger-peroxidase-antiperoxidase-immunoperoxidase technique utilizing
      monospecific antibody to whole (1 to 84) bovine PTH demonstrated immunoreactive
      material in all cases. Electron microscopy of the four tumors revealed dense-core
      secretory granules resembling those seen in parathyroid chief-cell adenomas. The
      patients did not have elevated serologic levels of PTH or evidence of bone
      metastases; however, in two cases, osteoclastic bone resorption was seen in bone
      marrow biopsy specimens. All patients became normocalcemic after definitive tumor
      resection. The hypercalcemia associated with some nonmetastatic squamous cell
      carcinomas is associated with the production of PTH-like substance.

PMID- 3893385
TI  - Electrotherapy for acceleration of wound healing: low intensity direct current.
AB  - Accelerated wound healing has been an observed effect of low intensity direct
      current (LIDC) in the range of 200 microA to 800 microA, but present
      electrotherapeutic equipment has been less than optimal in providing this range
      of stimulation. A small and portable LIDC stimulator was specially constructed
      and used in a study of the effects of LIDC on wound healing rates among
      inpatients here. Thirty patients with indolent ulcers located either below the
      knee or in the sacral area were randomly assigned to the LIDC protocol or to more
      conventional wound therapy. The patients in each treatment group were matched by
      age, diagnosis, wound size, and wound etiology. Comparison revealed 1.5 to 2.5
      times faster healing in those receiving LIDC, which was statistically
      significant. The wounds treated with LIDC required less debridement and the
      healed scars were more resilient. Additionally, no wound infections occurred and
      patients reported less discomfort at the wound site. Low intensity direct current
      appears to be a convenient, reproducible, and effective method for improved
      healing of chronic open wounds and warrants more widespread use in the clinical
      setting.

PMID- 3893386
TI  - Combined oculopneumoplethysmography and duplex scan. Use in the noninvasive
      cerebrovascular laboratory examination.
AB  - To determine the relative merits of oculopneumoplethysmography (OPG) (Gee) and
      duplex scanning of the carotid arteries, a retrospective analysis was made of 93
      patients in a 12-month period who underwent noninvasive carotid studies followed
      by carotid angiography. The results for the duplex scan were 91% sensitivity, 86%
      specificity, and 89% overall accuracy in evaluation of 184 arteries. The OPG
      results were 59% sensitivity, 90% specificity, and 74% accuracy when applied to
      individual arteries. The sensitivity of OPG increased to 77% when applied to
      disease in the patient rather than in individual arteries. Analysis of cases in
      which the duplex scan and OPG were in agreement and disagreement suggested an
      important role for the OPG test despite its inferior accuracy compared with the
      duplex scan alone. The predictive value of an abnormal duplex scan result was 98%
      when the OPG was also abnormal, whereas it was 81% when the OPG was normal. The
      predictive value of a normal duplex scan result was 93% when the OPG was also
      normal, whereas it was 60% in those cases where the OPG was abnormal. We believe
      that the duplex scan should be the basic noninvasive evaluation of
      cerebrovascular disease, although the OPG continues to provide important
      information.

PMID- 3893387
TI  - Stratified outcome comparison of clindamycin-gentamicin vs chloramphenicol
      gentamicin for treatment of intra-abdominal sepsis.
AB  - A randomized, prospective trial was conducted of 93 patients with operatively
      confirmed intra-abdominal sepsis. The study compared clindamycin-gentamicin and
      chloramphenicol-gentamicin for treatment of carefully stratified patient groups.
      Malnutrition, age over 65 years, shock, alcoholism, gastrointestinal tract
      bleeding, steroid administration, diabetes, obesity, and organ malfunction were
      present with equal frequencies in each group. The duration of antibiotic
      treatment averaged 8 1/2 days, and the average length of postoperative
      hospitalization was 29 days. Study antibiotics were changed for bacteriologic
      reasons in 11 patients taking clindamycin-gentamicin and 12 patients taking
      chloramphenicol-gentamicin (25% of the total), and two patients in the
      clindamycin-gentamicin group had a minor adverse reaction. Initial satisfactory
      clinical responses were obtained in 59 (63%) patients. Twenty-five patients (27%)
      subsequently developed unsatisfactory courses, but 48 (52%) patients remained
      well through the 30-day period. Septic-related mortality occurred in 18 (19%)
      patients, and two (2%) patients had unrelated deaths. There were no significant
      differences between the study regimens by the outcome criteria evaluated.

PMID- 3893388
TI  - The sensitivity of hepatobiliary imaging and real-time ultrasonography in the
      detection of acute cholecystitis.
AB  - To determine the sensitivity of hepatobiliary imaging (HBI) and strict- and
      liberal-criteria real-time ultrasonography (RTUS), we retrospectively analyzed
      100 cases of pathologically proved acute cholecystitis (AC). A positive HBI was
      one in which there was nonvisualization of the gallbladder up to four hours after
      the administration of technetium Tc 99m-disofenin. In the absence of
      hypoalbuminemia, cirrhosis, or ascites, pathognomonic RTUS findings (strict
      criteria) for AC were wall edema and/or pericholecystic fluid. Findings
      indicative of AC (liberal criteria) included the demonstration of stones, a thick
      gallbladder wall, nonshadowing echoes, or the ultrasonographic Murphy's sign. Of
      the 100 cases of AC, 91 were calculous, and nine were acalculous. Four of 100
      patients had associated choledocholithiasis. The sensitivities in detecting
      calculous AC were as follows: HBI, 97%; liberal-criteria RTUS, 86%; and strict
      criteria RTUS, 24%. The sensitivities in detecting acalculous AC were as follows:
      HBI, 100%; liberal-criteria RTUS, 89%; and strict-criteria RTUS, 44%.

PMID- 3893389
TI  - Postoperative albumin infusion therapy based on colloid osmotic pressure. A
      prospectively randomized trial.
AB  - In a prospectively randomized trial of 220 patients, 106 were given albumin when
      their colloid osmotic pressure (COP) fell below 24 cm H2O and 114 were given
      albumin when their COP fell below 29 cm H2O. There was no difference in the
      postoperative course between the two groups; however, by using the lower COP
      limit the postoperative albumin consumption in the intensive care unit was
      reduced significantly and thus the costs of treatment were lowered. In the case
      of extremely low COP, the prognosis of the disease worsened, indicating that the
      COP is of prognostic value. The albumin supply, however, did not influence the
      final outcome of the patients under these circumstances because it treated only a
      characteristic symptom and not the cause of the disease.

PMID- 3893390
TI  - Decreased hepatic glutathione levels in septic shock. Predisposition of
      hepatocytes to oxidative stress: an experimental approach.
AB  - Intracellular metabolite glutathione, existing in either its reduced (GSH) or
      oxidized states, is crucial for the protection of any cell against an oxidative
      stress or injury. Significant depletion of intracellular levels of GSH
      predisposes cells to an oxidative injury. We have investigated the level of
      hepatic GSH during the early course of sepsis in a physiologically well
      characterized septic-sheep model. Following six hours of sepsis, which was
      characterized by hypotension, hypoxemia, and granulocytopenia, the level of
      intrahepatic GSH was significantly reduced compared with baseline levels. There
      was no reduction after two hours of sepsis. Hepatic GSH levels in control animals
      were unchanged compared with baseline levels. These findings suggest that the
      liver may be more susceptible to an oxidative stress in septic patients.

PMID- 3893391
TI  - Use of intraoperative blood salvage during orthotopic liver transplantation.
AB  - Human liver transplantation is a developing surgical technique that requires a
      large volume of blood support. There are no published results of the use of
      intraoperative blood salvage in liver transplantation. We used automated
      intraoperative blood salvage during 13 initial consecutive human liver
      transplants. The procedures required a median of 32 units of packed red blood
      cell support, of which an average of 45% was supplied by intraoperative salvage.
      The percent of the total blood use provided by intraoperative salvage increased
      with increasing total blood needs. Intraoperative blood salvage applied to liver
      transplantation resulted in a net savings of blood and hospital costs of
      approximately $1,000 per procedure.

PMID- 3893393
TI  - [Relation between the suitability of the pancreas for transplantation and the
      structure of its blood vessels].
AB  - The pancreas from 111 corpses of persons, male and female, at the age of 16-92
      years with various pathology has been investigated. The pancreatic blood vessels
      are injected with protacryl and undergone subsequent corrosion. The correlative
      and regressive analyses of the measurements reveal that age, height, character of
      pathology influence the state of the pancreatic blood vessels. It is recommended
      to observe the following conditions for choosing the donor of the pancreas graft:
      age under 35, middle height (especially for women), absence of corporal comotion
      and vast trauma, that essentially influence the vessels (causing spasm, disturbed
      integrity of the vascular wall), angiographic control conducted during washing or
      perfusion of the graft vascular bed.

PMID- 3893392
TI  - Isolation of large and small plaque variants of the Autographa californica
      nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Brief report.
AB  - Variants of the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus which produce
      large (1.4 mm) or small (0.5 mm) plaques on Spodoptera littoralis cells have been
      isolated. Yields of extracellular virus and polyhedra by the large plaque variant
      were six-fold higher and 140-fold lower, respectively, than those obtained with
      the small plaque variant. However the two variants could not be distinguished
      when Spodoptera frugiperda cells were used.

PMID- 3893394
TI  - Outpatient cerebral angiography. A prospective study of fifty patients.

PMID- 3893396
TI  - Erythroid progenitor growth in erythrocytosic transplanted patients.
AB  - In 55 patients who underwent renal transplantation, erythrocytosis (E) was
      observed in 6. In all patients, the growth of erythroid progenitors [burst
      forming unit erythroid (BFU-e)], using mononuclear blood cells, was evaluated in
      in vitro cultures. The results showed a significant increase of serum
      erythropoietin (s-Ep) in erythrocytosis and in nonerythrocytosis patients with a
      subsequent decrease when hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin (Hb) reached high
      levels, showing a recovery of a feedback control system. Notwithstanding the
      diminution of s-Ep, six patients demonstrated further progressive rise of the Hct
      and Hb to a final state of E. The in vitro BFU-e cultures from these patients
      showed a noticeable sensitivity to progressively reduced doses of Ep and also the
      capacity to develop a few colonies when the medium was Ep-free. These results
      were not verified using peripheral blood depleted of monocyte and/or T lymphocyte
      cells. Therefore, in transplanted patients with erythrocytosis, it is possible
      that particular cellular interactions stimulate an early hyperproliferation of
      BFU-e with a greater Ep sensitivity and at least partly the capacity to grow also
      in the absence of Ep.

PMID- 3893395
TI  - The current status and future of the artificial kidney.
AB  - The use of the artificial kidney can presently be extended to almost all patients
      with end-stage renal failure. To reduce the cost of treatment, technological
      choices have to be made. These are always a compromise between cost and adequacy.
      The liberty obtained by technical improvements to perform a dialysis "a la
      carte," depending on patient and doctor wishes, is one of the main
      characteristics of the present status of hemodialysis.

PMID- 3893397
TI  - Group B streptococcal meningitis in adults.

PMID- 3893398
TI  - Cumulative index, 1975-1984.

PMID- 3893399
TI  - Calvarial grafts for midface rehabilitation.
AB  - Access, pain, prolonged hospitalization, or inadequacy of consistency and
      quantity of a graft are drawbacks to traditional donor sites of autologous bone
      for reconstruction of severe midface trauma with bone loss. The sectioning of
      human skulls resulted in selection of the parietal bone as a technically feasible
      donor site for obtaining adequate autologous bone for the rehabilitation of
      generous defects in the floor of the orbit or the anterior maxillary wall. The
      examination of various animal skulls resulted in the selection of the large
      canine as an adequate experimental model to evaluate the technique. The parietal
      bone served as a harvest site, without morbidity, for autologous bone used to
      fill in the defects in the orbit and anterior malar wall in the live canine
      model. Subsequently, human autografts of outer cranial table parietal bone
      provided adequate material to repair severe floor of orbit and maxillary defects
      with minimal patient discomfort and donor site morbidity.

PMID- 3893400
TI  - Use of butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in rabbit auricular cartilage.
AB  - Since the nonsuture repair of blood vessels with methyl-2-cyanoacrylate was
      described in 1960, the advantages of a tissue adhesive over conventional sutures
      became evident. A survey of 115 otolaryngology programs showed that
      cyanoacrylates, mainly butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (B2C), are used more extensively
      than indicated in the literature. Cartilage grafts are commonly used in facial
      plastic procedures. In a study comparing B2C with conventional suture techniques
      in securing rabbit auricular cartilage autografts, sutures were used in the left
      control ear and B2C was used in the right experimental ear. Rabbits sacrificed at
      two weeks to 12 months showed graft viability in all samples and no statistically
      significant histologic difference between the grafts secured by either method.

PMID- 3893401
TI  - Immunomodulation of nodal lymphocytes in head and neck cancer.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the interaction of human neck
      node lymphocytes with primary tumor cells could be modulated with the
      administration of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) or N-acetylmuramyldipeptide
      (MDP). The procedures involve the clonogenic assay applied towards studying the
      interactions of neck node lymphocytes with the tumor-stem cell population. It has
      been previously demonstrated that a dynamic interaction occurs between neck nodal
      lymphocytes and tumor. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin or MDP was incubated for three
      days with lymphocytes from neck nodes, after which the human squamous tumor cells
      from the patient were exposed continuously to the resulting lymphokines in soft
      agar. Ninety percent of the cases studied exhibit inhibition of tumor cell
      proliferation with BCG- or MDP-treated lymphocytes. The data suggest both BCG and
      MDP may enhance regional nodal lymphocyte tumor inhibition.

PMID- 3893402
TI  - Impaired glucose tolerance. A target for intervention?

PMID- 3893403
TI  - NHLBI workshop on the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial.

PMID- 3893404
TI  - Mid-pregnancy amniocentesis.

PMID- 3893405
TI  - Divergent expression of cytotoxic and microbicidal functions of rabbit alveolar
      and peritoneal macrophages: effects of non-specific activation and a natural
      microbicidal peptide, MCP-1.
AB  - Alveolar macrophages from NZW rabbits were intrinsically toxic to 6 xenogeneic
      cell lines and to Candida albicans in vitro. Macrophage-mediated candidacidal
      activity, but not cytostasis (inhibition of [3H] thymidine incorporation by
      target cells) or cytotoxicity (reduction in target cell number), was enhanced by
      prior injection of rabbits with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Compared with
      alveolar macrophages, peritoneal macrophages were less candidacidal (median C.
      albicans killed, 24% versus 16%, p less than 0.01). In contrast to alveolar
      macrophages, peritoneal macrophages were not consistently cytostatic or
      cytotoxic. Only candidacidal activity was enhanced in FCA-elicited peritoneal
      macrophages (median C. albicans killed 28% versus 16% for resident peritoneal
      macrophages, p less than 0.01). Microbicidal concentrations of a cationic peptide
      produced by rabbit alveolar macrophages (MCP-1, 25-100 micrograms/ml) did not
      inhibit growth of 4 murine cell lines in vitro. Macrophage-mediated cytostasis
      and cytotoxicity were not enhanced by culture with exogenous MCP-1. Macrophage
      mediated cytostasis was also unchanged in cultures containing 10(-5) 2'
      deoxycytidine. We conclude that rabbit macrophage populations are restricted in
      their expression of cytostatic and cytotoxic functions, that microbicidal
      activation can occur independently of cytotoxic activation and that in this
      system mechanisms of macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity to xenogeneic target cells
      are independent of MCP-1 and thymidine.

PMID- 3893407
TI  - Haematology Society of Australia and Australasian Society of Blood Transfusion:
      annual scientific meeting, Perth, 15-17 October, 1984. Abstracts.

PMID- 3893406
TI  - The development and ultrastructure of Plasmodium falciparum damaged in vitro by
      human "crisis" sera and by chloroquine.
AB  - P. falciparum malaria was cultured in vitro in the presence of sera from patients
      with cerebral malaria, meningitis and also after chloroquine administration.
      Intra-erythrocytic parasite damage was seen by light and electron microscopy. The
      significance of the results is discussed with relevance to non-specific immune
      mechanisms, and the damage induced by these mechanisms compared with that from
      chloroquine.

PMID- 3893408
TI  - Evaluation of an enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of Brucella
      ovis infection in rams.
AB  - A simple enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the
      serological diagnosis of Brucella ovis infections in rams. Serums from
      brucellosis accredited-free flocks and flocks known to be infected with B. ovis
      were tested and the results correlated with warm complement fixation (CF) test
      and bacteriological examination of semen. Both the ELISA and the CF test detected
      0.5% false positive reactions in rams from clinically negative flocks. However
      the ELISA detected significantly more positive reactors in infected flocks and
      the CF test failed to detect some rams excreting B. ovis. The ELISA proved to be
      a valuable test in eradicating brucellosis from infected flocks.

PMID- 3893409
TI  - Control of chromosome replication in bacteria.

PMID- 3893410
TI  - Stable maintenance of plasmid Clo DF13: structural and functional relationships
      between replication control, partitioning, and incompatibility.

PMID- 3893411
TI  - Plasmids as organisms.

PMID- 3893412
TI  - Plasmid DNA primases and their role in bacterial conjugation.

PMID- 3893413
TI  - Promoters in the transfer region of plasmid F.

PMID- 3893414
TI  - The molecular basis of plant cell transformation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

PMID- 3893415
TI  - Post-transcriptional regulation of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase.
AB  - The +1 site for initiation of inducible chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT)
      messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) encoded by plasmid pC194 was determined
      experimentally using gamma-32P-ATP-labeled run-off transcripts partially digested
      with T1 ribonuclease. By partial digestion of the in vitro transcripts with S1-,
      T1-, and cobra venom nucleases as probes of mRNA conformation, single- and double
      stranded regions, respectively, were also identified. Thus, a prominent inverted
      complementary repeat sequence was demonstrated spanning the +14 to +50 positions
      which contain the complementary sequences CCUCC, and GGAGG (the Shine and
      Dalgarno sequence for synthesis of CAT) symmetrically apposed and paired as part
      of a perfect 12 bp inverted complementary repeat sequence (-19.5 kcal/mol). The
      CAT mRNA was stable to digestion by T1 ribonuclease at the 4 guanosine residues
      in the Shine and Dalgarno sequence GGAGG, even at 60 degrees C, suggesting that
      nascent CAT mRNA allows ribosomes to initiate protein synthesis inefficiently and
      that induction involves post-transcriptional unmasking of the Shine and Dalgarno
      sequence. Consistent with this model of regulation, we found that cells carrying
      pC194, induced with chloramphenicol (CAM), contain about the same concentration
      of pulse labeled CAT-specific RNA as do uninduced cells. Induction of CAT
      synthesis by the nonacetylatable CAM analog fluorothiamphenicol was tested using
      minicells of Bacillus subtilis carrying pC194 as well as minicells containing the
      cloned pC194 derivatives in which parts of the CAT structural gene were deleted
      in vitro using Ba131 exonuclease. Optimal induction of both full-length (active)
      and deleted (inactive) CAT required similar concentrations of
      fluorothiamphenicol, whereas induction by CAM required a higher concentration for
      the wild-type full-length (active) CAT than for the (inactive) deleted CAT.
      Because synthesis of deleted CAT was inducible, we infer that CAT plays no direct
      role in regulating its own synthesis.

PMID- 3893416
TI  - Mutation in single-cell systems induced by low-level mutagen exposure.

PMID- 3893417
TI  - Saturation of repair.

PMID- 3893418
TI  - [Strapping needle].

PMID- 3893420
TI  - Lysosomal glycogen storage induced by Acarbose, a 1,4-alpha-glucosidase
      inhibitor.
AB  - The 1,4-alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. Acarbose, when injected intraperitoneally
      disturbs liver lysosome metabolism, causing distinct and persistent inhibition of
      the enzymes and acute disturbances of lysosomal glycogen metabolism. A feedback
      control mechanism appears to operate, affecting cytosolic carbohydrate
      metabolism. A model is suggested for the adult form of lysosomal storage disease.
      The biochemical effects closely resemble those occurring in glycogenosis type II
      (Pompe's disease), and these have been confirmed by electron microscopy.

PMID- 3893419
TI  - New biophysical techniques and their application to the study of membranes.

PMID- 3893421
TI  - Monoclonal-antibody studies of creatine kinase. The proteinase K-cleavage site.
AB  - Proteinase K cleaves a small peptide from native muscle-specific creatine kinase.
      We present evidence, from the binding of two monoclonal antibodies to formic acid
      cleavage fragments and proteinase K-digest fragments of chick muscle creatine
      kinase, that the proteinase K-cleavage site is in the C-terminal region of the
      molecule. This specificity of proteinase K, which is not normally a highly
      specific enzyme, and the continued association of the two peptide fragments after
      cleavage suggest an unusual conformational feature in the cleavage-site region.
      By applying predictive methods for hydrophobicity and secondary structure to an
      amino acid sequence in this region, we suggest possible structural features at
      the cleavage site that are evidently conserved across avian and mammalian
      species. The most likely site is next to, or within, a beta-turn on the surface
      of the molecule.

PMID- 3893422
TI  - Differential inhibition of two proteolytic activities in bovine lens neutral
      proteinase preparations.
AB  - Hydrolysis of carbobenzoxy-Leu-Leu-Glu 2-naphthylamide by bovine lens neutral
      proteinase preparations is not affected by the esterase inhibitor di-isopropyl
      fluorophosphate, whereas hydrolysis of carbobenzoxy-Gly-Gly-Leu p-nitroanilide is
      completely inhibited. Hydrolysis of alpha-crystallin, a lens structural protein,
      can be inhibited by only 50% after prolonged treatment with di-isopropyl
      fluorophosphate. These data suggest that the lens neutral-proteinase preparation
      contains at least two enzymes, one of which may be a serine proteinase. This may
      account, in part, for the previously observed complex response of the preparation
      to inhibitors.

PMID- 3893423
TI  - Names and numbers of papaya proteinases.

PMID- 3893424
TI  - Identification of denatured enzyme proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gels.
AB  - A simple modification of the immunological sandwich method of Muilerman et al.
      for the identification of denatured enzyme proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gels is described, enabling the method to be used in principle for
      any enzyme whose activity is not inhibited by binding to antibodies. An
      immunological sandwich consisting of denatured enzyme, antibodies, and native
      enzyme is formed on a nitrocellulose filter blot of the gel, the filter is
      divided into strips, and each strip is tested for enzyme activity. The presence
      of enzyme activity serves to identify the region in the gel containing denatured
      enzyme protein. Experiments with human lysosomal alpha-glucosidase as a model
      system are described. The method was applied to identify a protein of Mr 125,000
      as the main component with UDPgalactose pyrophosphatase activity in a partially
      purified preparation of the enzyme from rat liver.

PMID- 3893425
TI  - Specific and non specific Escherichia coli ribonucleic acid polymerase DNA
      complexes are not hydrodynamically equivalent in analytical band sedimentation.
AB  - We have measured the sedimentation coefficients (s) of different DNA molecules of
      a few thousand base bairs in the presence of increasing amounts of E. coli RNA
      polymerase under conditions where tight binding complexes are formed. The
      measured s does not increase linearly with n(n=RNA Polymerase/DNA molar ratio);
      the s vs n plot can be decomposed into two parts; first the increase in s is
      small until n reaches a value n0 approximately equal to the number of strong
      promoters of the DNA molecule under consideration, then when n greater than n0
      the slope of s(n) is much higher. The observations are in agreement with a model
      which postulates that strong specific polymerase binding leads to an increase in
      frictional coefficient of the RNA Polymerase-DNA complex, while non specific(or
      less specific)RNAP binding leads to a contraction of the RNA Polymerase-DNA
      complexes.

PMID- 3893426
TI  - Repressible acid phosphatase from yeast efficiently dephosphorylates in vitro
      some phosphorylated proteins and peptides.
AB  - Highly purified repressible acid phosphatase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae very
      efficiently dephosphorylates 32P-histones and the phosphopeptides Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser
      (32P)-Val-Ala and Arg-Arg-Leu-Ser (32P)-Leu-Arg previously phosphorylated by
      either cAMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase-C. The Km values (0.03-1
      microM) are very favourable if compared with those calculated for free
      phosphoaminoacids and p-nitrophenylphosphate which are three to six orders of
      magnitude higher. While also the phosphopeptide Asp-Ala-Gly-Tyr(32P)-Ala-Arg3-Gly
      is readily dephosphorylated, other phosphopeptides and phosphoproteins including
      phosphorylase kinase, phosvitin and casein phosphorylated by both casein kinase 1
      and 2 are not appreciably affected by acid phosphatase. It is suggested that
      yeast repressible acid phosphatase may act in vivo as a phosphoprotein
      phosphatase.

PMID- 3893427
TI  - The effect of digitoxose on insulin release, glucose oxidation and oxygen
      consumption by islets of lean and genetically obese diabetic (ob/ob) mice.
AB  - Digitoxose specifically and competitively inhibited glucose stimulated insulin
      release from islets of both lean and obese mice without affecting either the rate
      of glucose oxidation or the rate of glucose stimulated oxygen consumption. Obese
      mouse islets were marginally more resistant to the inhibitory effect of
      digitoxose than lean mouse islets. Digitoxose provides a means for dissociating
      glucose stimulated insulin release by isolated islets from their metabolism of
      glucose confirming that glucose metabolism per se is not a necessary prerequisite
      for the initiation of insulin release but is required to fuel the insulin
      secretory process.

PMID- 3893428
TI  - Immunochemical comparison of lipoamide dehydrogenases from various sources and
      reactivity of various lipoamide dehydrogenases with rat heart pyruvate
      dehydrogenase-subcomplex.
AB  - Lipoamide dehydrogenases from various sources were purified and their
      immunochemical properties were compared. Antibody against rat lipoamide
      dehydrogenase reacted with rat, human, pig, pigeon and frog enzymes, but not with
      enzymes from E. coli, yeast and Ascaris. Anti-Ascaris enzyme and anti-E. coli
      enzyme antibodies reacted with Ascaris and E. coli enzymes, respectively. The
      pyruvate dehydrogenase subcomplex, which consists of pyruvate dehydrogenase and
      lipoate acetyltransferase, was prepared by releasing the lipoamide dehydrogenase
      from rat heart pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by anti-lipoamide dehydrogenase
      antibody. Lipoamide dehydrogenases from various sources were added to rat
      pyruvate dehydrogenase subcomplex and the complex overall activity was measured.
      Each lipoamide dehydrogenase effectively recovered the overall activity of rat
      pyruvate dehydrogenase subcomplex to 80% of the original activity.

PMID- 3893429
TI  - Effect of membrane potential on the kinetic parameters of the Na+ or H+ melibiose
      symport in Escherichia coli membrane vesicles.
AB  - Comparison of the transport properties of the melibiose permease of E. coli
      acting as a H+-symport or a Na+-symport has been performed by measuring initial
      rates of [3H]-melibiose transport or its accumulation in isolated membrane
      vesicles. The results show strikingly that although the membrane potential
      primarily drives melibiose accumulation by both types of symport, it selectively
      affects the apparent affinity constant Kt of the H+-melibiose symport while it
      specifically changes the maximal rate of transport (Vmax) of the Na+-melibiose
      symport. It is suggested that modification(s) of some partial reaction constants
      of a given transport cycle might lead to important changes in the kinetic
      properties of this transport system.

PMID- 3893430
TI  - A new form of amyloid protein associated with chronic hemodialysis was identified
      as beta 2-microglobulin.
AB  - Amyloid fibrils were isolated from amyloid-laden tissue obtained from a chronic
      hemodialysis patient with carpal tunnel syndrome. After solubilization in
      guanidine HCl, a significant amount of the protein was located in a homogeneous
      low molecular weight fraction. The protein was found to be identical to beta 2
      microglobulin, with regard to its molecular weight of 11,000, amino acid
      composition and 16 amino-terminal amino acids: Ile-Gln-Arg-Thr-Pro-Lys-Ile-Gln
      Val-Tyr-Ser-Arg-His-Pro-Ala-Glu-. These results demonstrate that the amyloid
      associated with chronic hemodialysis contains as major component a new form of
      amyloid fibril protein that is homologous to beta 2-microglobulin.

PMID- 3893431
TI  - Removal of sialic acids from the purified insulin receptor results in enhanced
      insulin-binding and kinase activities.
AB  - Neuraminidase treatment of the purified insulin receptor resulted in an increase
      in both insulin-binding and kinase activities. Neuraminidase-treated alpha and
      beta subunits moved further than native subunits on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under reducing conditions. The
      enhancement of insulin-binding and kinase activities and increased mobility of
      the subunits on SDS-PAGE were not observed when the receptor was treated with
      neuraminidase in the presence of neuraminidase inhibitor. These results suggest
      that terminal sialic acid residues have a significant role in insulin-binding and
      kinase activities. The involvement of sialic acid residues in the activities of
      the receptor has not been detected by previous studies.

PMID- 3893432
TI  - Induction of rat liver angiotensinogen mRNA following acute inflammation.
AB  - Inflammatory responses of the angiotensinogen mRNA in rat liver and brain were
      examined by RNA blot-hybridization analysis with use of a cDNA probe specific for
      rat angiotensinogen. The angiotensinogen mRNA in the liver increased rapidly
      during the first 5 h following the administration of Escherichia coli
      lipopolysaccharide, and at maximum level of induction, the mRNA increased
      approximately 5-fold over its normal level. The levels of the mRNA increased with
      increasing doses of lipopolysaccharide, the half-maximal dose being approximately
      1 microgram/100 g body weight. In contrast, no such increase was observed in the
      brain angiotensinogen mRNA. Thus, the expression of the rat angiotensinogen mRNA
      is regulated in a tissue-specific manner in response to induction of acute
      inflammation.

PMID- 3893433
TI  - A new method for the simultaneous estimation of phosphate efflux and influx
      during glucose stimulation of isolated pancreatic islets.
AB  - Isolated rat pancreatic islets were prelabeled with [33Pi] and then incubated
      with basal (2.8 mM) or stimulatory (16.7 mM) glucose in the presence of [32Pi].
      Subsequent changes in islet [33P] and [32P] were utilized as respective indices
      of net efflux and influx. During the initial eight min, (the period usually
      spanning the first phase of stimulated insulin secretion) efflux was
      significantly greater with 16.7 than 2.8 mM glucose whereas the lesser amount of
      phosphate influx did not differ in the two systems. During the subsequent seven
      min (a time usually associated with the onset of the second phase of stimulated
      insulin secretion), efflux was dampened in the presence of 16.7 mM glucose and Pi
      influx significantly exceeded the 2.8 mM glucose values. Thus, acute stimulation
      with glucose effects an initial phosphate depletion in pancreatic islets as
      efflux exceeds influx and repletion occurs thereafter as efflux is attenuated and
      influx is enhanced. These oscillations in islet phosphate may contribute to the
      biphasic pattern of glucose-stimulated insulin release.

PMID- 3893434
TI  - Purification and characterization of rat urinary renin.
AB  - Rat urinary renin was purified by a procedure involving ammonium sulfate
      fractionation, pepstatin-aminohexyl-Sepharose 4B chromatography, ion exchange
      chromatography and gel filtration. The resulting preparation was essentially
      homogeneous, as assessed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular
      weight of the preparation was estimated to be 39000 by SDS-gel electrophoresis
      and 40000 by gel filtration. The optimum pH determined with rat angiotensinogen
      was 7.0, and the Km was 3.6 microM. These properties agreed well with those of
      purified rat renal renin. The activity of urinary renin was specifically
      inhibited by anti-renin antibody. These results suggest that urinary renin may
      originate in the kidney.

PMID- 3893435
TI  - Sequence specificity of isolated DNA-adenine methylases from Mycobacterium
      smegmatis (butyricum) and Shigella sonnei 47 cells.
AB  - A set of four individual DNA-adenine methylases differing in pI (isoelectric
      point) values (MMbu4.2, MMbu6.4, MMbu7.3, and MMbu8.7), and a sole methylating
      enzyme with the same base specificity (MSso9.5) are present in M. smegmatis
      (butyricum) and Sh. sonnei 47 cells, respectively. The sequence specificity of
      each of those was studied 'in vitro' by a combined approach that comprised
      isostich (purine tract) analysis and identification of the immediate
      neighbourhood of the methylated base within the sequence methylated. The MSso9.5
      recognition site has been established as the hexanucleotide 'palindromic' 5'-G-A
      A-T-T-C-3' sequence which is structurally similar to the analogous MEco RI
      recognition site. However, in contrast to MEco RI, MSso9.5 methylates the 5'-end
      adenine residue in the sequence and thus it appears to be an isometimer of MEco
      RI. By means of the same approach, the partial nucleotide sequences methylated by
      each of the four individual M. butyricum enzymes were determined. MMbu7.3 and
      MMbu8.7 exhibit the identical sequence specificity upon methylation of the
      degenerative trinucleotide 5'-Py-A-Py-3' sequence and thus these enzymes are
      assumed to represent the different molecular forms of the methylase. MMbu4.2
      methylates the 5'-G-G-A-3' sequence and thus it is of a great value as the tool
      for negating effects of the RBam HI and RAva II-type restriction. MMbu6.4 is of a
      particular interest on account of its unique DNA methylation pattern which is
      distinguished in the pronounced clustering of purine bases in the 5'-Pu-Pu-Pu-Pu
      Pu-3' sequence methylated.

PMID- 3893436
TI  - Stimulation of 3-O-methylglucose transport in adipocytes by a synthetic human
      growth hormone fragment.
AB  - The insulin-like effects of intact human growth hormone (hGH) were demonstrated
      with a synthetic amino-terminal fragment of the molecule, containing the sequence
      Leu-Ser-Arg-Leu-Phe-Asp-Asn-Ala (hGH 6-13). The in vitro study on the molecular
      mechanism of the hypoglycaemic action revealed that hGH 6-13 enhanced the
      transport of 3-O-methylglucose in adipocytes independently of its ability to
      potentiate the binding of insulin to the isolated cells. Current results suggest
      that the hGH part-sequence either stimulated ligand-binding to intact cells,
      subsequently amplifying the membrane regulatory functions, or promoted a
      biochemical event common to the binding of insulin and concanavalin A, resulting
      in the increase of transport and utilization of glucose.

PMID- 3893437
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies for studies on xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism.
      Cytochromes P-450 as paradigm.

PMID- 3893438
TI  - Sparteine increases insulin release by decreasing the K+ permeability of the B
      cell membrane.
AB  - The effects of sparteine on the pancreatic B-cell function have been studied with
      mouse islets. In the presence of a non-stimulatory concentration of glucose (3
      mM), sparteine (0.2-1 mM) decreased the rate of 86Rb+ efflux from islet cells,
      depolarized the B-cell membrane, induced a glucose-like electrical activity and
      stimulated insulin release. This increase in release was observed over a large
      range of glucose concentrations (3-20 mM), and was most marked in the presence of
      10 mM glucose. At this concentration of glucose, the effect of sparteine was
      already detected with 0.02 mM and was maximal with 0.5 mM. Higher concentrations
      of sparteine only had a transient effect on insulin release. In the presence of
      10 mM glucose, 0.2 mM sparteine decreased 86Rb+ efflux and increased 45Ca2+
      efflux from islet cells. The effect on 86Rb+ efflux was only transient in the
      presence of extracellular calcium, whereas the effect on 45Ca2+ efflux required
      the presence of extracellular calcium. The electrical activity induced by glucose
      in B-cells was augmented by sparteine which, at a concentration of 0.5 mM,
      produced a persistent depolarization with continuous spike activity. The
      potentiation of insulin release by sparteine was not reversible, but was
      inhibited by adrenaline and completely blocked by omission of extracellular
      calcium. Sparteine reversed the increase in 86Rb+ efflux and the decrease in
      insulin release caused by diazoxide. These results show that sparteine increases
      insulin release by reducing the K+-permeability of the B-cell membrane.

PMID- 3893439
TI  - Prostacyclin-lipoprotein interactions. Studies on human platelet aggregation and
      adenylate cyclase.
AB  - The in vitro effects of different lipoprotein fractions (VLDL, LDL and HDL) on
      human washed platelet aggregation, induced by collagen and thrombin, were
      evaluated in the presence and absence of PGI2. Although VLDL and LDL increased
      the platelet aggregation while HDL showed an opposite effect, none of the tested
      lipoprotein fractions affected the potency of PGI2 as inhibitor of platelet
      aggregation (IC50). In addition, studies were performed to evaluate the effects
      of lipoproteins on adenylate cyclase activity in human platelet membranes. The
      three lipoprotein classes inhibited both basal and PGI2-stimulated adenylate
      cyclase without affecting the EC50 for PGI2. This inhibitory activity was not
      specifically elicited by any protein or lipid since neither bovine serum albumin
      nor a lipid emulsion (Intralipid) displayed any inhibition. The effect on
      adenylate cyclase elicited by VLDL, LDL and HDL does not seem to be correlated
      with the activity on platelet aggregation. It is concluded that mediators other
      than cAMP might be involved in the control of platelet function by lipoproteins.

PMID- 3893440
TI  - Inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase and L1210 cell growth by N-hydroxy-N'
      aminoguanidine derivatives.
AB  - A series of N-hydroxy-N'-aminoguanidine derivatives was studied for their effects
      on L1210 cell growth and ribonucleotide reductase activity. With the twelve
      compounds studied, there was a good correlation between the inhibition of L1210
      cell growth and the inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase activity. The most
      potent compound required concentrations of only 1.4 and 2 microM for 50%
      inhibition of L1210 cell growth and ribonucleotide reductase activity
      respectively. These guanidine analogs specifically inhibited the conversion of
      [14C]cytidine and deoxycytidine nucleotides in the nucleotide pool and the
      incorporation of [14C]cytidine into DNA without altering the incorporation of
      [14C]cytidine into RNA. Ribonucleotide reductase activity in drug-treated cells
      was reduced markedly. Iron-chelating agents did not either increase or decrease
      the inhibition caused by the N-hydroxy-N'-aminoguanidine derivatives. No evidence
      was obtained that these derivatives selectively inactivated one of the subunits
      of ribonucleotide reductase. These compounds appear to inhibit ribonucleotide
      reductase by a mechanism different from hydroxyurea or the thiosemicarbazone
      derivatives.

PMID- 3893441
TI  - Comparison of low-dose oral pulse methotrexate and placebo in the treatment of
      rheumatoid arthritis. A controlled clinical trial.
AB  - One hundred eighty-nine patients with rheumatoid arthritis were entered into a
      prospective, controlled, double-blind multicenter trial comparing placebo and
      methotrexate (MTX). One hundred ten patients completed 18 weeks of therapy. No
      remissions were seen, but patients able to tolerate low-dose pulse MTX therapy
      were significantly improved, compared with patients receiving placebo therapy,
      for all clinical variables measured, including joint pain/tenderness and swelling
      counts, rheumatoid nodules, and patient and physician assessment of disease
      activity. MTX treatment demonstrated statistically significant improvement over
      placebo in patients with anemia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and
      rheumatoid factor. However, nearly one-third of the patients receiving MTX were
      withdrawn for adverse drug reactions, of which elevated levels of liver enzymes
      was the most common. Pancytopenia occurred in 2 patients taking MTX. All adverse
      drug effects resolved without sequelae. MTX appears to be effective in the
      treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis but requires close monitoring for
      toxicity.

PMID- 3893443
TI  - Immunofluorescence and fibromyalgia.

PMID- 3893442
TI  - Total body irradiation and the course of polymyositis.

PMID- 3893445
TI  - Minority student enrollment in higher education institutions with communicative
      disorders programs.

PMID- 3893444
TI  - Clinically controlled comparative study of suprofen, pentazocine, and placebo.
      Experience with intramuscular single doses.
AB  - Analgesic effect and tolerability of alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)
      phenylacetic acid (suprofen, Suprol) 200 mg were compared with pentazocine 30 mg
      and placebo in 88 patients in moderate to severe postoperative pain. The trial
      was designed as a randomized single-blind study; the test drugs were in single
      doses (1 ml ampuls) administered by deep intragluteal injection in the upper
      outer quadrant. The test population was homogeneous as to anamnestic data; the
      initial intensity of pain was comparable in all three groups. Statistical
      analysis of the obtained data revealed that at the rating times 30 min to 3 h
      suprofen was statistically significantly superior to placebo, while after 2 h it
      was significantly superior to pentazocine. The investigator's final global
      appreciation of effectiveness states moderate to good effect in 86% of the
      patients on suprofen, 76% of those on pentazocine, and 63% of the subjects on
      placebo. Significant difference existed only between suprofen and placebo.
      Systemic tolerability was considered good to very good in 97% of the subjects in
      all three treatment groups, whereas local tolerability was considered poor in 2
      patients (6.9%) in the group on suprofen. There were no significant differences
      between the medications. Two subjects each on suprofen and pentazocine and 1
      patient on placebo experienced side effects.

PMID- 3893446
TI  - Clinical supervision in speech-language pathology and audiology.

PMID- 3893447
TI  - Evidence for an independent relationship between plasma insulin and concentration
      of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride.
AB  - Increased plasma insulin and triglycerides and decreased high density lipoprotein
      concentrations are primary risk factors in the development of coronary artery
      disease. The aim of the present study was to verify whether there was an
      independent relationship between plasma insulin levels and both HDL cholesterol
      and triglyceride in a worker population of 607 subjects, 389 men and 218 women,
      aged 23-73 years. An oral glucose tolerance test (75 g) was performed. Plasma
      glucose, insulin, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol were measured at fasting,
      plasma glucose and insulin were determined also 1 h and 2 h after glucose load.
      The results, examined separately in men and women documented a significant
      negative relationship between plasma insulin and HDL cholesterol level, as well
      as pointing out that both HDL cholesterol and insulin are significantly
      correlated to degree of hypertriglyceridemia, degree of obesity and level of
      glucose tolerance. The partial correlation coefficients between HDL cholesterol
      and plasma insulin levels at fasting in men and post-glucose load in women,
      demonstrated an independent relationship between increased plasma insulin and
      decreased plasma HDL concentration. However, the strongest relationship, revealed
      by partial correlation coefficient analysis, was between the degree of
      hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia.

PMID- 3893448
TI  - [Xanthoastrocytoma inf young subjects. Review of the literature apropos of 2
      cases with discordant courses].
AB  - Two cases of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (P X A) of young subjects (Kepes et
      al., 1979) are reported. Case 1 arose in 15-year-old boy admitted to the hospital
      with the complaint of severe headaches associated with nausea and vomiting of 1
      month's duration. Computed tomographic scans showed a large well-defined low
      density area in the left temporo-parietal region of which an anterior portion was
      enhanced by contrast medium. Craniotomy revealed a large superficial and cystic
      tumor with a mural nodule. Histological and immunohistochemical features were
      those of a P X A confirmed by an electron microscopic study. No radiotherapy was
      given. The patient made a complete recovery, and 32 months later was
      asymptomatic. Case 2, a 17-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital in 1977. He
      presented with seizures that started 18 months prior to surgery. Carotid and
      humeral angiograms and air studies indicated the presence of a right, internal
      temporal mass with herniation. The craniotomy revealed a firm superficial tumor
      with an infratentorial, extraparenchymal extension. The histological diagnosis
      was giant cell glioblastoma or gliosarcoma. The patient received post-operative
      radiation of 5.500 rads and chemotherapy (CCNU and VM 26). He died on the 7th
      post-operative month. In this 2nd case, the diagnosis of P X A was made
      retrospectively based upon histological and immunohistochemical observations
      similar to case 1. We are aware of 24 P X A in the literature. In their clinical
      and histological features these neoplasms resemble closely each other. P X A are
      superficial, supratentorial astrocytomas occurring in youngs subjects (ages 3 to
      32). Their typical microscopic structure include a marked cellular pleomorphism
      with bizarre giant cells, some mitotic figures and no necrosis. Many cells
      contain lipid and hyalin droplets in their cytoplasm. Characteristically, the
      tumoral stroma contain a very rich reticulin fiber network. Immunoperoxidase
      technique reveal glial fibrillary acidic protein in the tumor cells. Electron
      microscopic studies demonstrate abundant intracytoplasmic glial filaments.
      Individual cells or group of cells are surrounded by a prominent basal lamina.
      Some hemidesmosomes or primitive attachments are seen at the margins of the tumor
      cells. The biological behaviour of PXA with or without radiotherapy is relatively
      favorable. Long survival times (up to 25 years) are reported but in 5 cases, P X
      A follow a less favorable course with malignant transformation and death.
      Morphologic and immunohistochemical studies support the subpial astrocytic origin
      of P X A.

PMID- 3893449
TI  - [Hip surgery: local tissue reactions].
AB  - Present extent of total hip prostheses, protracted course of first operations
      lead to pathological studies on local tissue reactions, sign of the failure or of
      the damaging of the artificial hip. Another pathology, often as intricate, is
      observed after more conservative surgery: high femoral osteotomies, cup
      arthroplasties, femoral metallic prostheses. Failure of an high femoral osteotomy
      shows a running of osteoarthritic lesions the topography of which is always
      modified by the new orientation of the articular bearing segment. Osteosclerosis,
      osteoarthritic cysts may develop on a preexisting osteophytosis. Osteonecrosis or
      bone resorption are sometimes found. Anatomical results in case of a successful
      osteotomy are scarce. Fibrous layer eventually quoted as a guide to the
      development of fibrocartilage is more often associated with osteoclast mediated
      bone loss. Efficient bone remodelling is assumed only, today, by radiological
      proof. Failures of cup arthroplasties induce femoral bone or acetabular cartilage
      lesions which are different according to the surgical technic. Some are marked by
      cartilage destruction of the acetabula or by a cup dislodgement. Bone structure
      in those cases shows under the cup a good remodelling with a fibrous or
      fibrocartilaginous mantle originating from the bone marrow spaces and the
      capsular attachment. In other cases, the femoral head presents areas of
      superficial or total osteonecrosis, signs of intense osteoclastic activity,
      cleaving of the fibrous surface and eventually metallic debris or cement induced
      histiocytic granuloma. A fibrous layer may develop between the cup and the
      acetabula. Femoral metallic prostheses may damage in some years cartilage of the
      acetabula. Osteoarthritic bone remodelling is sometimes observed in close contact
      with the metallic collar. Lesions of capsular tissues are eventually represented
      by metallic debris or an histiocytic granuloma due to cement anchorage. Material
      received at the time of surgical revision on total hip arthroplasties concerns
      chiefly the newly formed capsular and synovial tissues. Their appearance is quite
      similar to the tissular layers found between prosthetic material and bone or
      cement. For the pathologist, main inquiries are the rule out of an infection, the
      extent and course of the macrophage or giant cell response, the nature of wear
      debris or of the products of corrosion and the histological factors contributing
      to the loosening of the prosthetic components. It should be stressed that any
      physiopathological schedule of an artificial hip failure is a topographical and
      dynamic problem only partly resolved by studying autopsy material.

PMID- 3893450
TI  - Accurate ultrasonic estimation of fetal weight.
AB  - The accuracy of eight ultrasonic fetal weight formulas were analyzed in 1099
      fetuses who underwent real-time ultrasound examination within 72 hours prior to
      delivery. Shepard's formula was most consistently found to give the lowest
      systematic and random errors throughout all weight categories, though Deter's
      formula had an almost identical accuracy. The Shepard formula was further
      analyzed in respect to the effects of fetal sex and birthweight centile grouping
      on the accuracy of fetal weight estimation. The results indicated that fetal sex
      had no effect on the accuracy of fetal weight estimation, but that birthweight
      centile grouping did. The weights of small-for-gestational age infants were
      systematically overestimated, while the weights of large-for-gestational age
      infants were systematically underestimated.

PMID- 3893451
TI  - The value of biparietal diameter and abdominal perimeter in the diagnosis of
      growth retardation in twin gestation.

PMID- 3893452
TI  - Hydranencephaly: prenatal and neonatal ultrasonographic appearance.
AB  - The prenatal diagnosis and postpartum confirmation of hydranencephaly is
      discussed. The need for an adequate knowledge of fetal cranial anatomy when
      performing obstetric sonography is stressed.

PMID- 3893453
TI  - Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: prenatal ultrasound diagnosis using standard kidney
      to abdominal circumference ratio.
AB  - Enlarged fetal kidneys are characteristic of more than one possible diagnosis.
      Though infantile polycystic kidney disease is probably the most well known entity
      and is associated with oligohydramnios, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome should be
      considered in the differential diagnosis especially if a normal or increased
      amount of amniotic fluid is present. The presence of an omphalocele with a normal
      karyotype should also arouse suspicion. This constellation of findings carries
      potential morbidity including macrosomia, fetal hypoglycemia, mental retardation,
      microcephaly, increased risk of subsequent neoplasia, and even neonatal death.
      Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome may not be obvious in the newborn period.

PMID- 3893454
TI  - Imaging case of the month. Hypophosphatasia.

PMID- 3893455
TI  - Detection of IgG fraction bands in cerebrospinal fluid by highly sensitive and
      specific immunoperoxidase staining methods.

PMID- 3893456
TI  - Vaccines for bacterial diarrhoeas.

PMID- 3893457
TI  - [Infant botulism].

PMID- 3893458
TI  - The calcium-blood pressure hypothesis: evidence for its validity.

PMID- 3893459
TI  - A review of the use of corticosteroids in the management of pulmonary injuries
      and insults.

PMID- 3893460
TI  - Comparison of local anaesthetic techniques in the reduction of Colles' fracture.
AB  - A trial comparing the use of Bier's block and the direct infiltration of the
      fracture site with local anaesthetic was carried out to assess their
      effectiveness in the reduction of Colles' fracture. This showed Bier's block to
      be superior in terms of patient acceptability and in ease of reduction. The
      results of the reduction were also significantly better using the Bier's block,
      as judged by the measurement of the residual displacement on the X-ray.

PMID- 3893461
TI  - [Longitudinal study of intestinal colonization in a sample of rural Mexican
      children. I. Study design and initial findings during the neonatal period].

PMID- 3893462
TI  - [Possible production of 2 cytotoxins by a strain of Escherichia coli].

PMID- 3893463
TI  - Ethanol-glucocorticoid regulation of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
AB  - The effect of ethanol, alone and in combination with glucocorticoid and insulin,
      on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH; EC 1.1.1.49) was studied in primary
      cultures of rat hepatocytes maintained in a chemically defined medium.
      Maintenance of hepatocytes from fasted animals in a culture medium devoid of
      hormones and ethanol resulted in a 2.5-fold increase in G6PDH activity in 48 hr.
      Parallel cultures treated with glucocorticoid and insulin or glucocorticoid,
      insulin and ethanol stimulated enzyme activity 6- and 9-fold, respectively in 48
      hr. Treatment with ethanol for 48 hr potentiated basal and glucocorticoid plus
      insulin-induced enzyme activity 1.4-fold. The activity of G6PDH mRNA, estimated
      by cell-free translation of hepatic mRNA in a mRNA-dependent reticulocyte lysate
      and by RNA dot-blot hybridization, was compared with enzyme activity and relative
      rate of G6PDH synthesis. The increases in enzyme activity observed in response to
      glucocorticoid and insulin or ethanol, alone or in combination with
      glucocorticoid and insulin, were paralleled by comparable increases in the rate
      of synthesis and mRNA levels of G6PDH. The results of this study show that the
      glucocorticoids, insulin and ethanol interact to stimulate the synthesis of G6PDH
      primarily by increasing the concentration of G6PDH mRNA.

PMID- 3893464
TI  - Human liver alcohol dehydrogenase: the unique properties of the "atypical"
      isoenzyme beta 2 beta 2-Bern can be explained by a single base mutation.
AB  - Two allelic variant alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes, beta 2 beta 2-Bern and beta
      1 beta 1, coded by the ADH2 locus, were isolated from human livers of Caucasian
      origin. They represent the "atypical" and "typical" phenotype, respectively. beta
      2 beta 2-Bern has a higher specific activity and a lower pH-optimum, has a higher
      kM for NAD+, is less susceptible to inactivation by iodoacetate, and cannot be
      activated with chloride ions. In order to define the structural basis for these
      properties, we determined the amino acid sequence difference between the beta 2
      Bern and the beta 1 polypeptide chains. Peptides were prepared by cleavages with
      trypsin and CNBr, and were purified by exclusion chromatography and reverse phase
      high performance liquid chromatography. The structural analysis showed that beta
      2-Bern differs at only one position from beta 1: Arg-47 in beta 1 is substituted
      for His-47 in beta 2-Bern. This exchange, which is identical to that reported for
      the beta 2-Oriental chain, alters the binding of the pyrophosphate group of the
      coenzyme NAD(H), and also that of iodoacetate, thus explaining the observed
      differences between beta 2 beta 2-Bern and beta 1 beta 1.

PMID- 3893465
TI  - Molecular genetic analysis of human alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - Human alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) consists of a complex group of isozymes encoded
      by at least five non-identical genes, two of which have previously been shown
      through enzymatic analysis to possess polymorphic variants. Using a cDNA probe
      the ADH2 gene encoding the beta subunit of human ADH was mapped to human
      chromosome 4. The cDNA probe for ADH2 was also used to detect a restriction
      fragment length polymorphism present in human populations. This polymorphism may
      help establish whether certain ADH allelic variants are linked with certain types
      of altered alcohol tolerance observed in various individuals. The restriction
      fragment length polymorphism may also be of use in genetic linkage studies of
      other genes located near ADH on human chromosome 4.

PMID- 3893466
TI  - Alcohol dehydrogenases, aldehyde dehydrogenases, and related enzymes.
AB  - Several new structures have recently been determined for dehydrogenases which are
      involved in alcohol metabolism. These structures give new insight into catalytic
      properties, structure-function relationships, and evolutionary connections. They
      also explain the structural basis for known metabolic deviations. Among alcohol
      dehydrogenases, the first primary structures for human enzyme forms have been
      reported (the beta 1, gamma 1, and "atypical" beta-chains). These structures
      explained functional properties and enzymatic differences, showed separate and
      parallel events of isozyme divergence, and suggested differential gene
      activations. Similarly, for aldehyde dehydrogenases, the first cytoplasmic
      isozyme structures have been reported in man and horse. The data showed positions
      of functionally important residues, and established clear differences between the
      mitochondrial and cytoplasmic isozymes of aldehyde dehydrogenase. For sorbitol
      dehydrogenase, the first complete structure which establishes a relationship with
      other "long" alcohol dehydrogenases in a scheme exhibiting both structural
      divergence and functional convergence has also been reported. Finally, glucose
      dehydrogenase has been structurally linked with sorbitol dehydrogenase, extending
      the scheme and adding further enzymes to the group of "short" alcohol
      dehydrogenases.

PMID- 3893467
TI  - Aldehyde dehydrogenase and aldehyde reductase in isolated bovine brain
      microvessels.
AB  - The activities of aldehyde dehydrogenase and aldehyde reductase were measured in
      microvessel fractions isolated from bovine brain. Aldehyde dehydrogenase specific
      activity in microvessels was enriched 1.5-fold over that measured in grey matter.
      The specific activity of aldehyde reductase was significantly lower in
      parenchymal vessles and microvessels than in grey matter. The presence of
      aldehyde dehydrogenase and aldehyde reductase in cerebral microvasculature is
      consistent with previous reports of enrichment of other enzymes involved in
      synthesis and degradation of monoamines. The enrichment of aldehyde dehydrogenase
      in cerebral microvasculature provides additional evidence for an enzymatic blood
      brain barrier for biogenic aldehydes or ethanol-derived acetaldehyde.

PMID- 3893468
TI  - Blood acetaldehyde response to ethanol ingestion during the reproductive cycle of
      the female rat.
AB  - Acetaldehyde could mediate a number of the toxic effects of alcohol both in
      females and their offspring. Thus, we assessed the blood acetaldehyde response to
      ethanol (3 g/kg) at various stages of the female reproductive cycle. Blood levels
      were low throughout the various phases of the estrous cycle and during most of
      pregnancy. By contrast, a 4-fold rise in maternal blood acetaldehyde occurred at
      the end of pregnancy (day 20), continued to increase during lactation (17-fold at
      day 14) and returned to non-pregnant values after weaning or after pup removal at
      birth. Both enhanced rate of ethanol oxidation and decreased activity of the low
      Km aldehyde dehydrogenase in liver mitochondria contributed to the increased
      acetaldehyde levels. Acetaldehyde was detectable in fetal blood, but only a small
      fraction of the high maternal values in pregnancy reached the fetus through the
      umbilical vein. Chronic alcohol administration resulted in decreased fetal size
      and striking enlargement of the placenta with possible implications for abnormal
      fetal development. Thus, the high maternal acetaldehyde levels at the end of
      pregnancy may exert deleterious effects on many maternal organs, including those
      (such as placenta) which are required for normal fetal development.

PMID- 3893469
TI  - A multi-dimensional examination of the positive reinforcing properties of
      acetaldehyde.
AB  - The suggestion that acetaldehyde may be endowed with positive reinforcing
      properties and may in fact mediate some of the psychopharmacological actions of
      ethanol has been examined by us and other investigators using a variety of
      paradigms. We first reported that non-dependent animals would self-administer
      acetaldehyde through an intra-cerebroventricular route. In addition, we have
      demonstrated that central infusion induced a conditioned place preference. We
      have also shown that an animal's propensity to self-administer acetaldehyde
      directly into the brain was related to its subsequent voluntary intake of
      ethanol. Lastly, we have reported that inhibition of acetaldehyde metabolism
      resulted in an enhancement of alcohol-induced euphoria in man. The data collected
      to date from four different paradigms strongly support the notion that
      acetaldehyde is endowed with positive reinforcing properties which may play a
      critical role in the mediation of ethanol euphoria.

PMID- 3893470
TI  - In memoriam Henry Hecaen (1912-1983).

PMID- 3893471
TI  - Orbital floor fractures and their treatment.
AB  - Orbital floor fractures can occur with or without any associated fractures of the
      middle third of the facial skeleton. Fifty-one patients with a unilateral "black
      eye" after motor vehicle accidents were reviewed. The fractures involving the
      orbital floor were analysed. The clinical signs and symptoms, with results of
      radiological examination, are discussed. The various treatment modalities and
      their postoperative complications are discussed.

PMID- 3893472
TI  - Nurse practitioners and primary care research: promises and pitfalls.

PMID- 3893473
TI  - Nursing diagnosis.

PMID- 3893474
TI  - Research on continuing education in nursing.

PMID- 3893475
TI  - Doctoral education of nurses: historical development, programs, and graduates.

PMID- 3893476
TI  - Research on the profession of nursing. Ethical inquiry.

PMID- 3893477
TI  - Philosophy of science and the development of nursing theory.

PMID- 3893478
TI  - School nursing.

PMID- 3893479
TI  - The community as a field of inquiry in nursing.

PMID- 3893480
TI  - Teenage pregnancy as a community problem.

PMID- 3893481
TI  - Cross-cultural nursing research.

PMID- 3893483
TI  - Six-monthly examinations for dental caries.

PMID- 3893482
TI  - [Recent advances in anatomy of the basal ganglia].

PMID- 3893484
TI  - Lindsay Club: James Robinson and anaesthesia.

PMID- 3893485
TI  - The use of glass-ionomer cements in bonding composite resins to dentine.

PMID- 3893486
TI  - Restoration of anterior teeth: a transitional approach for the young adult.

PMID- 3893487
TI  - Functionless retained pacing leads in the cardiovascular system. A complication
      of pacemaker treatment.
AB  - Twenty one patients with retained endocardial pacemaker leads were followed
      during a total observation period of 1097 months to assess the incidence of
      complications. Two patients developed thrombosis and occlusion of the superior
      vena cava, which was relieved by the development of a collateral venous
      circulation. In one patient the broken tip of the lead migrated to a pulmonary
      artery but did not cause overt complications. The remaining patients were free of
      symptoms. One patient died for reasons unconnected with pacemaker treatment. The
      good toleration of retained pacemaker leads by most patients indicates that major
      surgical procedures to remove the lead should be reserved for patients with life
      threatening complications, such as persistent infection or dangerous migration of
      the lead or both.

PMID- 3893488
TI  - Intravenous sotalol for the treatment of atrial fibrillation and flutter after
      cardiopulmonary bypass. Comparison with disopyramide and digoxin in a randomised
      trial.
AB  - The efficacy of sotalol in treating acute atrial fibrillation and flutter after
      open heart surgery was compared with that of a digoxin/disopyramide combination.
      Forty adult patients with postoperative atrial arrhythmias were randomised into
      either group 1 (sotalol 1 mg/kg bolus intravenously plus 0.2 mg/kg intravenously
      over 12 hours) or group 2 (digoxin 0.75 mg intravenously, then two hours later
      disopyramide 2 mg/kg intravenous bolus and 0.4 mg/kg/h intravenously for 10
      hours). In each group, 17 out of 20 patients reverted to sinus or junctional
      rhythm within 12 hours. The time to reversion in group 1 was significantly
      shorter than in group 2. Systolic blood pressure fell by greater than or equal to
      20 mm Hg or to less than or equal to 90 mm Hg during drug administration in 17
      out of 20 patients in group 1 (sotalol withdrawn in two) and in none out of 20 in
      group 2. Two patients in group 1 developed transient bradycardia (sotalol
      withdrawn in one). None of 17 patients in group 1 and two of 17 in group 2
      relapsed temporarily into atrial fibrillation during the 12 hours of intravenous
      treatment. On continued oral treatment, one late relapse occurred in group 1 and
      five in group 2, and five patients in group 2 had disopyramide withdrawn because
      of anticholinergic side effects (acute urinary retention in four). Sotalol was as
      effective as the digoxin/disopyramide combination and acted significantly faster.
      Sensitivity to beta blockade in these patients may be related to high plasma
      catecholamine concentrations known to occur after cardiopulmonary bypass.

PMID- 3893489
TI  - Effect of smoking habits and timolol treatment on mortality and reinfarction in
      patients surviving acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The Norwegian Multicenter Group Study noted the effect of smoking habits before
      and after myocardial infarction and their relation to mortality and reinfarction
      rate after treatment with timolol in patients surviving acute myocardial
      infarction. The mean follow up period was 17.3 (range 12-33) months. No relation
      was found between initial smoking habits and risk category after infarction or
      between initial smoking habits and later outcome. At the time of their first
      infarct smokers were seven years younger than non-smokers. One moth after
      infarction nearly 60% of the smokers had stopped smoking completely. A
      significantly lower incidence of early cardiac death and lower total mortality
      was found in patients treated with timolol in both those who continued smoking
      and in the combined non-smoking groups and a significantly lower reinfarction
      rate among non-smokers. Cessation of smoking alone was associated with a reduced
      reinfarction rate by 45% but a non-significant reduction in mortality by 26%. It
      is concluded that treatment with timolol and cessation of smoking have an
      additive effect in reducing mortality and reinfarction rate after myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 3893490
TI  - Plasma free captopril concentrations during short and long term treatment with
      oral captopril for heart failure.
AB  - Plasma free captopril concentrations and haemodynamic response to captopril were
      studied in 20 patients with severe chronic heart failure. A 25 mg oral dose of
      captopril produced a 36% reduction in systemic vascular resistance, with
      individual responses varying from 13% to 64%. Mean systemic pressure fell by 20%
      and cardiac output rose 28%. The absorption of captopril was rapid. Peak plasma
      free captopril concentration occurred at 45 minutes after the dose and was
      followed by a smaller second peak. Peak plasma free captopril concentrations
      varied more than 20-fold but did not correlate with the maximal reduction in
      systemic vascular resistance. Elimination half life was seven hours. Fourteen
      patients were restudied after 1-2 months of captopril treatment and 12 showed
      symptomatic benefit. There was a sustained improvement in haemodynamic state and
      in non-invasive indices of myocardial function. During long term treatment the
      predose plasma free captopril concentration correlated well with dosage, but
      steady state captopril concentrations did not show a significant relation with
      haemodynamic response. On a dosage regimen of 25-50 mg three times daily the
      morning predose plasma free captopril concentration and plasma renin activity
      were relatively low and suggested that maximal inhibition of the renin
      angiotensin system was not maintained throughout the dosage interval.

PMID- 3893491
TI  - Interrelation between donor and recipient heart rates during exercise after
      heterotopic cardiac transplantation.
AB  - The interrelation between the rates of the innervated recipient heart and the
      denervated donor heart at rest, on standing, and during the different phases of
      maximal exercise was studied in nine patients 1-6 months after heterotopic
      cardiac transplantation. The resting heart rate was significantly higher in the
      donor heart compared with the recipient heart. Eight of the nine recipient hearts
      and none of the donor hearts showed an increase in heart rate on standing up. All
      patients were exercised using a Bruce protocol until fatigued. The increase in
      heart rate during the first three minutes of exercise was lower in the donor
      hearts (10.7(6) beats/min) than in the recipient hearts (30(4.8) beats/min) but
      the peak heart rates were almost identical (donor hearts 152.7(2.9) and recipient
      hearts 152(2.8) beats/min). Five of the nine donor hearts and none of the
      recipient hearts showed a significant increase in heart rate after cessation of
      exercise. Three minutes after exercise heart rate had decreased by only 0.2(5.7)
      beats/min in the donor hearts compared with 33.6(6) beats/min in the recipient
      hearts. In spite of these differences in response between the donor hearts and
      recipient hearts, there were significant correlations between the two heart rates
      in the same patient at rest, after the first three minutes of exercise, at peak
      exercise, and during recovery.

PMID- 3893492
TI  - Development of anaesthetic machines.

PMID- 3893493
TI  - Symposium on anaesthetic equipment. Vaporization and vaporizers.

PMID- 3893494
TI  - Paediatric anaesthetic equipment.
AB  - Paediatric anaesthesia is made easier and safer by use of the correct equipment.
      The widening range and increasing complexity of available apparatus makes it
      essential for the anaesthetist to judge which items are most useful in any
      individual case. As a general rule, the simplest pieces of equipment are the most
      reliable and among the most useful.

PMID- 3893495
TI  - Symposium on anaesthetic equipment. Scavenging equipment.

PMID- 3893496
TI  - Symposium on anaesthetic equipment. Warning devices.

PMID- 3893497
TI  - Back to clinical impressions.

PMID- 3893498
TI  - Conversation with Selden D. Bacon.

PMID- 3893499
TI  - Alcohol and alcohol problems research 1. East Africa.

PMID- 3893500
TI  - Alcohol and alcohol problems research 2. Japan.

PMID- 3893501
TI  - Dependence and society.

PMID- 3893502
TI  - Mefenamic acid and diclofenac sodium in osteoarthritis of the weight bearing
      joints: a double blind comparison.

PMID- 3893503
TI  - Antipyretic activity of ibuprofen and paracetamol in children with pyrexia.

PMID- 3893504
TI  - The use of sustained-release theophylline ('Theo-dur') for the treatment of
      chronic reversible obstructive lung disease in hospital practice.

PMID- 3893505
TI  - The prognostic value of serum beta 2 microglobulin compared with other
      presentation features in myelomatosis.
AB  - The levels of serum beta 2 microglobulin, blood urea concentration, serum
      creatinine, haemoglobin and performance status have been measured in 476 patients
      in the Medical Research Council's 4th trial for myelomatosis. Levels of serum
      beta 2 microglobulin were also subsequently measured in 208 patients who achieved
      a stable "plateau" condition. Serum beta 2 microglobulin levels, uncorrected for
      serum creatinine, were found to be the single most powerful prognostic variable
      available at presentation. Multivariate analysis showed that only the addition of
      haemoglobin levels could improve upon this and the improvement, though
      statistically significant (P = 0.006), appeared to be of much less clinical
      value. The prognostic value of serum beta 2 microglobulin at plateau appeared to
      be equally large for a given difference in value, but the variability between
      patients was much less at that time. Serum beta 2 microglobulin would appear to
      be a key measurement for assessing the prognosis and response to treatment in
      patients with myelomatosis.

PMID- 3893506
TI  - Detection of placental-type alkaline phosphatase in ovarian cancer.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody, H317, has been used for the sensitive and specific
      detection of placental-type alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) in sera, solubilized
      tissue extracts and fixed tumour tissue sections from patients representing a
      variety of ovarian tumours. PLAP was detected in over 30% of these sera and in
      most solubilized tumour tissue extracts. There was no association between
      circulating PLAP levels and either tissue extract levels or immunohistological
      staining of ovarian tumour tissue sections with H317. Nevertheless,
      immunohistology demonstrated the heterogeneity of cellular localization of PLAP
      within different tumours, and can often be of value in localizing tumour tissue.

PMID- 3893507
TI  - Advanced seminoma: treatment with cis-platinum-based combination chemotherapy or
      carboplatin (JM8).
AB  - Between 1978 and 1983, 44 patients with advanced seminoma were treated with cis
      platinum-based combination chemotherapy (39 patients) or with carboplatin (JM8),
      as a single agent (5 patients). Of the total group, 40 (90%) are alive and
      disease free. Two of the 4 patients who died relapsed as non-seminomatous germ
      cell tumours. Results in previously untreated patients indicate that tumour
      volume is less important as a prognostic factor than in non-seminomas. Residual
      masses were present in almost 80% of patients 1 month after chemotherapy; such
      masses regress slowly and surgery is not indicated. Elective radiotherapy after
      chemotherapy appears to be inessential since relapse rates are comparable in
      irradiated (1/15) and unirradiated patients (1/16). Pretreatment serum HCG
      concentrations did not influence the outcome of chemotherapy. Preliminary results
      with JM8 suggest that it is an active single agent in the treatment of seminoma.

PMID- 3893508
TI  - Acute effect of ketotifen on the dose-response curve of histamine and
      methacholine in asthma.
AB  - This study was designed to assess the acute effect of 1 mg of orally administered
      ketotifen on the dose-response curve to both histamine and methacholine, in 15
      patients with bronchial asthma. From this curve we measured the concentration
      that produced a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) and reactivity, defined as the slope of
      the curve beyond the threshold dose. Results were analysed comparing the change
      in log PC20 and in reactivity before and after a double-blind administration of
      ketotifen and placebo. Ketotifen, compared to placebo, significantly increased
      the histamine PC20 (P less than 0.001) and reduced reactivity (P less than
      0.001). After adjusting for starting FEV1 the difference of effect between
      ketotifen and placebo was still significant, although to a lesser degree (P less
      than 0.01). In contrast, ketotifen did not modify the methacholine dose-response
      curve. No significant changes were observed in FEV1 after ketotifen. The results
      suggest that acute administration of ketotifen has a selective action on
      histamine-activated pathways of bronchoconstriction.

PMID- 3893509
TI  - Comparison of budesonide and beclomethasone dipropionate in patients with severe
      chronic asthma: assessment of relative prednisolone-sparing effects.
AB  - The relative prednisolone-sparing effects of inhaled budesonide 400 micrograms
      daily and beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) 400 micrograms daily were compared in
      a double-blind crossover study of 26 patients with chronic asthma requiring
      treatment with BDP and oral prednisolone in a daily dose of 5 mg or greater.
      During each period of the trial budesonide and BDP were inhaled via conventional
      pressurized inhalers in a dose of 100 micrograms four times daily. Prednisolone
      was reduced by 1 mg per month from the patient's normal maintenance dose to zero
      or to the point at which asthmatic symptoms became unacceptable. The mean
      reduction in prednisolone dose during BDP treatment was 2.65 mg compared with 1.8
      mg at the end of the budesonide period. The difference between the prednisolone
      sparing properties of BDP and budesonide assessed in this way in this group of
      patients was statistically significant in favour of BDP. The mean minimum
      prednisolone doses at the end of the treatment periods were 3.46 mg for BDP and
      4.3 mg for budesonide. Since inhaled steroids were not withdrawn the absolute
      prednisolone-sparing properties of the two drugs were not assessed, and thus a
      pharmacological potency ratio cannot be derived from the results. It is concluded
      that BDP is marginally more potent than budesonide in its prednisolone-sparing
      properties.

PMID- 3893510
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage and clearance of 99m-Tc-DTPA in asbestos workers without
      evidence of asbestosis.
AB  - We performed BAL and measured the clearance of 99m-Tc-DTPA in 20 non-smoking
      subjects (mean age 50, range 36-68 years) occupationally exposed to asbestos
      (mean duration 14, range 3-30 years). All had normal lung function and none had
      clinical or radiological evidence of asbestosis. The mean BAL results were: total
      cells per ml 737 X 10(3) (360-1210), percentage macrophages 79 (49-96),
      percentage lymphocytes 13 (1-42), percentage neutrophils 8 (1-40), percentage
      eosinophils 0 (0-3), asbestos bodies per ml 83 (0-550). Eight subjects showed
      increased percentage of lymphocytes and four others showed increased percentages
      of neutrophils when compared with normal ranges in our laboratory. Higher
      percentages of neutrophils correlated with longer duration of exposure to
      asbestos (r = 0.54, P less than 0.025), and shorter time since last exposure to
      asbestos (r = -0.54, P less than 0.025). Four subjects showed faster clearance of
      99m-Tc-DTPA than was observed in 31 normal non-smoking control subjects. There
      was a tendency for faster solute clearance to be associated with greater numbers
      of BAL macrophages (r = -0.39, P less than 0.10) but there were no significant
      relationships between solute clearance and other BAL variables. BAL profiles in
      asbestos workers may be abnormal in the absence of clinical or radiological
      evidence of asbestosis.

PMID- 3893511
TI  - A single dose of sulfametopyrazine versus 7 days of ampicillin in acute on
      chronic bronchitis.
AB  - Forty-two patients with acute on chronic bronchitis received in double-blind
      fashion either a single dose of 2 g of sulfametopyrazine or ampicillin 250 mg
      thrice daily for 7 days. There were no significant differences between treatments
      in the number of patients achieving white sputum, the time to do so, or the
      incidence of pathogens at the end of treatment. Blood levels of sulfametopyrazine
      between 8 and 24 hours and on the seventh day were likely to result in sputum
      concentration adequate to kill Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID- 3893512
TI  - Effect of oral N-acetylcysteine on mucus clearance.
AB  - Oral N-acetylcysteine has been advocated as a mucolytic agent for use in chronic
      bronchitis. We have investigated the effects of regular use of this drug at a
      dose of 200 mg thrice daily for 4 weeks in nine patients with chronic bronchitis
      on lung function, lung mucociliary clearance and sputum viscosity in a
      controlled, double-blind, crossover study. No significant differences were found
      in lung function, mucociliary clearance curves or sputum viscosity following
      treatment with N-acetylcysteine compared to control or placebo measurements.

PMID- 3893513
TI  - A dimethoxynaphthalene derivative (RS-43179 gel) compared with 0.025%
      fluocinolone acetonide gel in the treatment of psoriasis.
AB  - Thirty patients were entered into a double-blind trial comparing a
      dimethoxynaphthalene derivative (RS-43179 gel) and fluocinolone acetonide
      (Synalar gel) in the treatment of psoriasis. The two preparations were applied
      three times daily for 4 weeks, and the patients were assessed at weeks 1, 2, 3,
      4, 7 and 9. No significant differences between the two preparations could be
      detected. By the end of the 4-week treatment period, the number of patients
      showing a 'Good, Excellent or Clear' therapeutic response was 25 out of 28 after
      RS-43179 treatment and 26 out of 28 after Synalar treatment. Four patients
      experienced irritation on the side treated with RS-43179. In two of these
      patients the reaction was severe and the treatment was discontinued, but in the
      other two patients, the local irritation was only moderate. No other adverse
      reactions were seen.

PMID- 3893514
TI  - Lichen planus pemphigoides: an immuno-electron microscopic study.
AB  - We report a case of lichen planus pemphigoides. Immuno-electron localization of G
      immunoglobulin and C3 showed that in the peribullous zone these were in the
      lamina lucida, as in typical bullous pemphigoid, but in the bulla itself they
      were along the floor, and not along the roof as in bullous pemphigoid. We
      conclude that bullous pemphigoid antigen and lichen planus pemphigoides antigen
      have different localizations.

PMID- 3893515
TI  - Bullous amyloidosis.
AB  - A patient with a 12-year history of a relapsing bullous dermatosis is presented.
      Unusual clinical features included urticarial erythema, conspicuous mottled hyper
      and depigmentation, lichenification and ichthyosiform hyperkeratosis. Serum
      immunoglobulin E levels were elevated. Histological examination showing deposits
      of amyloid in the uppermost dermis confirmed the diagnosis of bullous
      amyloidosis. Ultrastructurally, blister formation occurred at the level of the
      lamina lucida. The amyloid did not react with a panel of antibodies directed
      against amyloid fibril proteins. No underlying systemic disease was found. The
      bullous eruption responded to prednisolone therapy.

PMID- 3893516
TI  - Immunohistological aspects of cutaneous T-cell infiltrates.

PMID- 3893517
TI  - Model for detection of membrane-associated antigens on epithelial cells (HLA-A, 
      B, -C alloantigens and pemphigus antigens).
AB  - Incubation of skin explant culture with HLA-A, -B and -C alloantibodies results
      in detachment of cells at the periphery of the outgrowth. This detachment can be
      observed within 1 1/2 h, using the reflection contrast microscope. During the
      detachment of the epithelial cell, characteristic changes occur, such as
      disorganization of the filopodia and lifting up of the cell borders from the
      surface of the Petri dish. The same changes were seen using antibodies against
      pemphigus antigens.

PMID- 3893518
TI  - Vitiligo: peripheral T-cell subset imbalance as defined by monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 3893519
TI  - Wound healing of human skin transplanted on to the nude mouse.

PMID- 3893520
TI  - A specific antigen-antibody interaction triggers the cellular pathophysiology of
      bullous pemphigoid.
AB  - Autoantibodies found in both the skin and sera of patients with bullous
      pemphigoid (BP) are capable of initiating the pathophysiology of blister
      formation that occurs in this disease. Current concepts of the pathophysiology of
      BP suggest that antibody alone cannot cause blister formation, but that antibody
      acts through complement-fixation, degranulation of mast cells and subsequent
      recruitment of leukocytes to the epidermal basement membrane. These leukocytes
      then release proteolytic enzymes which result in dermal-epidermal separation.
      This paper addresses the question of whether a specific molecule in the basement
      membrane zone is involved in the antigen-antibody reaction which triggers the
      cellular pathophysiology of BP. Immunoprecipitates of extracts of cultured human
      or mouse epidermal cells, radiolabelled with either [35S]methionine or 14C
      labelled amino acids, indicated that sera from 25 of 26 BP patients precipitated
      the same molecule, as determined by co-migration on sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). This molecule is a protein with a mol.
      wt. of approximately 230 kd. A similar protein was identified in SDS extracts of
      normal human epidermis, as determined by immunoperoxidase staining of proteins
      separated by SDS-PAGE, then electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose
      sheets. Thus, in almost all cases of BP, one specific molecule of the epidermal
      basement membrane is involved in the antigen-antibody interaction that triggers
      the cellular pathophysiology of blister formation.

PMID- 3893521
TI  - The molecular biology of chronic myelogenous leukaemia.

PMID- 3893522
TI  - Leukaemic transformation of engrafted bone marrow cells.
AB  - Recurrent leukaemia following bone marrow transplantation is most often due to
      the regrowth of original host leukaemia cells, but may also be due to the
      malignant transformation of normal donor marrow cells after transplantation into
      a leukaemia patient. We report the ninth case of malignant change in cells of
      donor origin in a 12-year-old boy who was originally diagnosed as having Ph1+
      CML. He remained Ph1+ during lymphoid blast crisis. After transplantation with
      marrow from a cytogenetically normal sister, he relapsed to Ph1- ALL in the
      female donor cells. The marrow showed a mixed karyotype of
      46,XX/46,XX,inv(9)(p12q12). It would appear that, haematologically, the patient
      showed different manifestations of the same disease state. Cytogenetically,
      however, the pre- and post-transplant leukaemias were different.

PMID- 3893523
TI  - Platelet aggregation occurs in congenital afibrinogenaemia despite the absence of
      fibrinogen or its fragments in plasma and platelets, as demonstrated by
      immunoenzymology.
AB  - Platelet aggregation of an afibrinogenaemic patient's platelet rich plasma (PRP)
      was greatly decreased when ADP was used for stimulation. In the presence of
      collagen or arachidonic acid the changes in light transmission recorded during
      platelet aggregation of patient's PRP were similar to those observed with normal
      PRP but the size of aggregates appeared to be smaller in comparison with those
      observed with normal platelets. In addition, thrombin-induced aggregation of
      washed platelets was similar to normal platelets. The interpretation was made
      possible because the fibrinogen level in plasma and in platelets was found to be
      almost nil as demonstrated by both an Elisa procedure described here and the
      determination of fibrinopeptide A (fpA). Furthermore, fibrinogen fragments, which
      could result from abnormal synthesis and therefore replace fibrinogen in platelet
      aggregation, were undetectable by immunological analysis using specific
      antibodies against A alpha, B beta and gamma chains and 10 different monoclonal
      antibodies against fibrin degradation products.

PMID- 3893524
TI  - Personal styles, constructive alternativism and the provision of a therapeutic
      service.
AB  - A series of studies on the 'personal styles' of clients and therapists is
      reviewed, and their findings are drawn together within the framework of personal
      construct theory. It is argued that the technical eclecticism of personal
      construct theory reflects its central philosophical assumption of constructive
      alternativism; and that a treatment service organized in accordance with this
      assumption could accommodate therapists of different theoretical persuasions,
      matching clients and therapeutic conditions in terms of dimensions suggested by
      the 'personal styles' research.

PMID- 3893525
TI  - A practical assessment of ultrasound-guided transcervical aspiration of chorionic
      villi and subsequent chromosomal analysis.
AB  - Aspiration biopsy of trophoblastic villi was performed on 56 patients immediately
      preceding suction termination of pregnancy, using a malleable metal cannula and
      ultrasound guidance. Villi were obtained from 47 patients (84%), with sampling
      success rising to 93% after experience. Immediate complications were noted in 14%
      of patients and correlated with placental positions situated furthest from the
      cervical canal. Karyotyping from cultured and/or direct preparations was
      attempted on the villus samples and was successful in 42. Clarity of the
      karyotypes obtained from direct preparations in this series was not found to be
      adequate for diagnostic purposes. A number of practical suggestions which
      facilitate chorion villus sampling are described.

PMID- 3893526
TI  - Umbilical and uterine artery flow velocity waveforms in pregnancy associated with
      major fetal abnormality.
AB  - Flow velocity waveforms from the umbilical artery and branches of the uterine
      artery in the placental bed were recorded using continuous wave Doppler
      ultrasound. The records of 26 patients with pregnancy complicated by major fetal
      abnormality were reviewed to determine the changes of a primary fetal
      disturbance. The systolic/diastolic (A/B) ratio was used as an index of blood
      flow resistance. In 13 of the 26 patients the umbilical artery waveform
      systolic/diastolic ratio was high. It is postulated that in these patients there
      is a process of obliteration of small arteries in the placenta that is triggered
      by the abnormal fetus. In all patients the uterine artery waveform was normal. In
      seven of these 13 patients the infant had a birthweight greater than 10th
      centile. Placental weights were examined. A small placenta expressed as either
      low weight for gestational age or low placental/fetal weight ratio was associated
      with a normal umbilical artery waveform. It is suggested that fetuses in these
      groups have a low growth potential. In contrast a high placental/fetal weight
      ratio was associated with an abnormal umbilical artery waveform pattern.

PMID- 3893527
TI  - Enterobacter cloacae ulceration in a failed corneal graft: a case report.
AB  - A 70-year-old female developed a bacterial ulcer in a previously rejected corneal
      graft. Cultures identified the pathogen as Enterobacter cloacae. Intensive
      topical antibiotic therapy arrested the progress of the ulcer, and the epithelial
      defect healed in one week; there was no resultant stromal thinning. Factors which
      may have predisposed the cornea to ulceration by this organism of relatively low
      virulence include chronic oedema following graft rejection, topical
      corticosteroid therapy, and tear insufficiency.

PMID- 3893528
TI  - Long-term ocular hypotensive effect of levobunolol: results of a one-year study.
AB  - Data for the first 12 months are reported for an ongoing, multicentre, clinical
      study comparing the long-term, ocular hypotensive efficacy and safety of topical
      levobunolol (0.5% and 1%) and timolol (0.5%). This study was a double-masked
      trial testing 88 patients with chronic open angle glaucoma or ocular
      hypertension. During the 12-month period drops were instilled twice daily into
      both eyes after a washout of prestudy ocular hypotensive medication. The effect
      of the three treatments in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) was similar. Mean
      IOP reductions over the 12 months averaged 7.2 mmHg for the 0.5% levobunolol
      group, 6.2 mmHg for the 1% levobunolol group, and 6.0 mmHg for the timolol group.
      Decreases in mean heart rate of up to 5 beats per minute were observed in the
      0.5% levobunolol group, up to 8 beats per minute in the 1% levobunolol group, and
      up to 4 beats per minute in the timolol group. Several patients were removed from
      the study owing to side effects possibly related to levobunolol treatment.

PMID- 3893530
TI  - Fluorescence-detected circular dichroism of ethidium in vivo and bound to
      deoxyribonucleic acid in vitro.
AB  - Fluorescence-detected circular dichroism (FDCD) spectra are reported for ethidium
      in Escherichia coli cells and bound to E. coli DNA in vitro. FDCD bands are
      observed at 325 and 385 nm. These bands change amplitude as the ethidium to DNA
      ratio changes. Spectra are similar for in vivo and in vitro measurements.
      However, the bands at 325 and 385 nm disappear when ethidium binds to
      macromolecules without intercalating between base pairs. The results demonstrate
      that FDCD spectra can be measured in cell suspensions and indicate that ethidium
      binds to nucleic acids in E. coli cells by intercalation.

PMID- 3893529
TI  - Prolonged survival of allogeneic corneal grafts in rabbits treated with topically
      applied cyclosporin A: systemic absorption and local immunosuppressive effect.
AB  - The modes of action of topical cyclosporin A were studied in rabbits.
      Immunorejection of corneal allografts was provoked by placing the grafts
      eccentrically, in contact with the limbus. Topical application of cyclosporin A
      five times daily for 28 days prevented the rejection of corneal allografts. All
      grafts were rejected in the control animals. The seven rabbits of the cyclosporin
      A group were subsequently treated for six months with a lower dosage of
      cyclosporin A 1%. In six rabbits the graft remained clear. One rabbit treated
      with two drops a day showed an allograft reaction that could be suppressed by
      increasing the dosage. After six months, discontinuation of the therapy resulted
      in rejection of all grafts within four weeks. Cyclosporin A could be detected in
      the plasma and aqueous humour of both eyes at the end of the treatment, raising
      the question whether the immunosuppressive effect of topically applied
      cyclosporin A was due to local or systemic action. Cyclosporin A 1% was therefore
      applied to the fellow eye five times daily following transplantation, and this
      treatment, producing similar plasma levels of cyclosporin A, failed to delay the
      rejection of eccentric corneal allografts. Consequently the suppression of the
      allograft rejection by topical cyclosporin A is primarily a local
      immunosuppressive effect, though systemic influence is not ruled out.

PMID- 3893531
TI  - Mechanism of activation of phenylalanine and synthesis of P1, P4-bis(5'-adenosyl)
      tetraphosphate by yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase.
AB  - The activation of L-phenylalanine by yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase using
      adenosine 5'-[(S)-alpha-17O,alpha,alpha-18O2]triphosphate is shown to proceed
      with inversion of configuration at P alpha of ATP. This observation taken
      together with the lack of positional isotope exchange when adenosine 5'
      [beta,beta-18O2]triphosphate is incubated with the enzyme in the absence of
      phenylalanine and in the presence of the competitive inhibitor phenylalaninol
      indicates that activation of phenylalanine occurs by a direct "in-line" adenylyl
      transfer reaction. In the presence of Zn2+, yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase
      also catalyzes the phenylalanine-dependent hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and the
      synthesis of P1,P4-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate (Ap4A). With adenosine 5'-[(S)
      alpha-17O,alpha,alpha-18O2]triphosphate, the formation of AMP and Ap4A is shown
      to occur with inversion and retention of configuration, respectively. It is
      concluded that phenylalanyl adenylate is an intermediate in both processes, Zn2+
      promoting AMP formation by hydrolytic cleavage of the C-O bond and Ap4A formation
      by displacement at phosphorus of phenylalanine by ATP.

PMID- 3893532
TI  - Characterization of initiation factor 3 from wheat germ. 2. Effects of polyclonal
      and monoclonal antibodies on activity.
AB  - Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to wheat germ initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) were
      obtained and were shown to react strongly with 4 of the 10 subunits of eIF-3
      (pp116, pp87, pp56, and pp36). Two mouse monoclonal antibodies were obtained, one
      of which reacts specifically with pp87 and one of which reacts specifically with
      pp36. Highly purified anti-pp87 has no effect on the activity of eIF-3. Highly
      purified polyclonal antibodies and anti-pp36 inhibit the ability of eIF-3 to
      support polypeptide synthesis in vitro and the ability of eIF-3 to support mRNA
      binding to 40S ribosomal subunits. These results provide additional evidence that
      pp116, pp87, and pp36 are in exposed positions in the eIF-3 particle and that
      pp36 is essential for activity.

PMID- 3893533
TI  - Use of nitrogen-15 and deuterium isotope effects to determine the chemical
      mechanism of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase.
AB  - Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase has been shown to catalyze the elimination of ammonia
      from the slow alternate substrate 3-(1,4-cyclohexadienyl)alanine by an E1 cb
      mechanism with a carbanion intermediate. This conclusion resulted from comparison
      of 15N isotope effects with deuterated (0.9921) and unlabeled substrates
      (1.0047), and a deuterium isotope effect of 2.0 from dideuteration at C-3, with
      the equations for concerted, carbanion, and carbonium ion mechanisms. The 15N
      equilibrium isotope effect on the addition of the substrate to the dehydroalanine
      prosthetic group on the enzyme is 0.979, while the kinetic 15N isotope effect on
      the reverse of this step is 1.03-1.04 and the intrinsic deuterium isotope effect
      on proton removal is in the range 4-6. Isotope effects with phenylalanine itself
      are small (15N ones of 1.0021 and 1.0010 when unlabeled or 3-dideuterated and a
      deuterium isotope effect of 1.15) but are consistent with the same mechanism with
      drastically increased commitments, including a sizable external one (i.e.,
      phenylalanine is sticky). pH profiles show that the amino group of the substrate
      must be unprotonated to react but that a group on the enzyme with a pK of 9 must
      be protonated, possibly to catalyze addition of the substrate to dehydroalanine.
      Incorrectly protonated enzyme-substrate complexes do not form. Equilibrium 15N
      isotope effects are 1.016 for the deprotonation of phenylalanine or its
      cyclohexadienyl analogue, 1.0192 for deprotonation of NH4+, 1.0163 for the
      conversion of the monoanion of phenylalanine to NH3, and 1.0138 for the
      conversion of the monoanion of aspartate to NH4+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3893534
TI  - Hydrogen exchange kinetics of core peptide protons in Streptomyces subtilisin
      inhibitor.
AB  - The hydrogen isotope exchange kinetics of the 10 slowest exchanging resonances in
      the 1H NMR spectrum of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (SSI) have been
      determined at pH 7-11 and 30-60 degrees C. These resonances are assigned to
      peptide amide protons in the beta-sheet core that comprises the extensive protein
      protein interface of the tightly bound SSI dimer. The core protons are atypical
      in that their exchange rates are orders of magnitude slower than those for all
      other SSI protons. When they do exchange at temperatures greater than 50 degrees
      C, they do so as a set and with a very high temperature coefficient. The pH
      dependence of the exchange rate constants is also atypical. Exchange rates are
      approximately first order in hydroxyl ion dependence at pH less than 8.5 and
      greater than 9.5 and pH independent between pH 8.5 and 9.5. The pH dependence and
      temperature dependence of the SSI proton exchange rates are interpreted by the
      two-process model [Woodward, C. K., & Hilton, B. D. (1980) Biophys. J. 32, 561
      575]. The results suggest that in the average solution structure of SSI, an
      unusual mobility of secondary structural elements at the protein surface is, in a
      sense, compensated by an unusual rigidity and inaccessibility of the beta-sheet
      core at the dimer interface.

PMID- 3893535
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against the membrane-bound, flavin-linked D-lactate
      dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli: preparation, characterization, and use in
      immunoaffinity chromatography.
AB  - Three mouse hybridoma cell lines are described that produce monoclonal antibodies
      directed against the membrane-bound, flavin adenine dinucleotide linked D-lactate
      dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli. In contrast to polyclonal antibodies produced
      in rabbits, none of the monoclonal antibodies inhibits enzyme activity.
      Immunoblots of D-lactate dehydrogenase proteolytic fragments indicate that each
      antibody is directed against a different region of the molecule. One monoclonal
      antibody, 1B2a, reacts with native, undigested D-lactate dehydrogenase only and
      is used to purify the enzyme in a single step. The protocol involves
      chromatography of a Triton X-100 extract of membrane vesicles containing D
      lactate dehydrogenase on a column made with the monoclonal antibody coupled to a
      solid support. After the column is washed free of unadsorbed protein, elution at
      high pH in the presence of guanidine hydrochloride yields a fraction containing
      highly purified, catalytically active D-lactate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 3893536
TI  - Lactose repressor protein modified with dansyl chloride: activity effects and
      fluorescence properties.
AB  - Chemical modification using 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride
      (dansyl chloride) has been used to explore the importance of lysine residues
      involved in the binding activities of the lactose repressor and to introduce a
      fluorescent probe into the protein. Dansyl chloride modification of lac repressor
      resulted in loss of operator DNA binding at low molar ratios of reagent/monomer.
      Loss of nonspecific DNA binding was observed only at higher molar ratios, while
      isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactoside binding was not affected at any of the reagent
      levels studied. Lysine residues were the only modified amino acids detected.
      Protection of lysines-33 and -37 from modification by the presence of nonspecific
      DNA correlated with maintenance of operator DNA binding activity, and reaction of
      lysine-37 paralleled operator binding activity loss. Energy transfer between
      dansyl incorporated in the core region of the repressor protein and tryptophan
      201 was observed, with an approximate distance of 23 A calculated between these
      two moieties.

PMID- 3893537
TI  - Reaction of serine proteases with substituted isocoumarins: discovery of 3,4
      dichloroisocoumarin, a new general mechanism based serine protease inhibitor.
AB  - The mechanism-based inactivations of a number of serine proteases, including
      human leukocyte (HL) elastase, cathepsin G, rat mast cell proteases I and II,
      several human and bovine blood coagulation proteases, and human factor D by
      substituted isocoumarins and phthalides which contain masked acyl chloride or
      anhydride moieties, are reported. 3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin, the most potent
      inhibitor investigated here, inactivated all the serine proteases tested but did
      not inhibit papain, leucine aminopeptidase, or beta-lactamase. 3,4
      Dichloroisocoumarin was fairly selective toward HL elastase (kobsd/[I] = 8920 M-1
      s-1); the inhibited enzyme was quite stable to reactivation (kdeacyl = 2 X 10(-5)
      s-1), while enzymes inhibited by 3-acetoxyisocoumarin and 3,3-dichlorophthalide
      regained full activity upon standing. The rate of inactivation was decreased
      dramatically in the presence of reversible inhibitors or substrates, and
      ultraviolet spectral measurements indicate that the isocoumarin ring structure is
      lost upon inactivation. Chymotrypsin A gamma is totally inactivated by 1.2 equiv
      of 3-chloroisocoumarin or 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin, and approximately 1 equiv of
      protons is released upon inactivation. These results indicate that these
      compounds react with serine proteases to release a reactive acyl chloride moiety
      which can acylate another active site residue. These are the first mechanism
      based inhibitors reported for many of the enzymes tested, and 3,4
      dichloroisocoumarin should find wide applicability as a general serine protease
      inhibitor.

PMID- 3893538
TI  - Binding of Escherichia coli DNA photolyase to UV-irradiated DNA.
AB  - Escherichia coli DNA photolyase is a flavoprotein which catalyzes the
      photomonomerization of pyrimidine dimers produced in DNA by UV irradiation. In
      vivo, the enzyme acts by a two-step mechanism: it binds to dimer-containing DNA
      in a light-independent reaction and upon exposure to 300-500-nm light breaks the
      cyclobutane ring and dissociates from the substrate. Using photolyase purified to
      homogeneity, we have investigated in vitro the first step of the reaction, DNA
      binding; enzyme-DNA complex formation was quantitated by the nitrocellulose
      filter binding assay. We find that the enzyme binds specifically to UV-irradiated
      DNA regardless of whether the DNA is in the superhelical, open circular, or
      linear form or whether the DNA is single or double stranded. The binding reaction
      is optimum at a NaCl concentration of 125 mM and at pH 7.5. Although photolyase
      is retained by the nitrocellulose filters with near 100% efficiency, the binding
      efficiency of a single enzyme-substrate complex is about 0.34. The complexes can
      be dissociated by exposing them to photoreactivating light either in solution or
      on the filter.

PMID- 3893539
TI  - Identification of oligothymidylates as new simple substrates for Escherichia coli
      DNA photolyase and their use in a rapid spectrophotometric enzyme assay.
AB  - Escherichia coli DNA photolyase exhibits the same turnover number (3.4 min-1) for
      the repair of dimers in oligothymidylates [oligo(dT)n] containing 4-18 thymine
      residues. This rate is identical with that observed with polythymidylate and with
      native DNA. The enzyme exhibits a similar high affinity with oligomers containing
      seven or more thymine residues. A decrease in affinity is detectable with
      oligo(dT)n when n = 4-6. The enzyme is active with oligo(dT)3, but no evidence
      for saturation was obtained at dimer concentrations up to 15 microM where the
      observed repair rate is 43% of the turnover number observed with the higher
      homologues. Nearly quantitative (90-100%) repair is observed with oligo(dT)n when
      n is greater than or equal to 9. Photolyase can repair internal dimers and dimers
      at a 5' end where the terminal ribose is phosphorylated but not at
      unphosphorylated 5' or 3' ends. The latter can explain a progressive decrease in
      the extent of repair observed with short-chain oligomers. The observed
      specificity can also explain why the enzyme is inactive with oligo(dT)2 [p(dT)2]
      since the only dimer possible in oligo(dT)2 involves an unphosphorylated 3' end.
      That the enzyme can repair dimers in short-chain, single-stranded analogues for
      DNA suggests that in catalysis with DNA recognition of the dimer itself is
      important as opposed to recognition of the deformation in DNA structure produced
      by the dimer. Dimer repair with oligo(dT)n is detected by the increase in
      absorbance at 260 nm, a feature which is used as the basis for a rapid
      spectrophotometric assay with a lower detection limit around 150 pmol of dimer
      repaired.

PMID- 3893540
TI  - Ultraviolet resonance Raman spectra of insulin and alpha-lactalbumin with 218-
      and 200-nm laser excitation.
AB  - Ultraviolet resonance Raman (RR) spectra, with 200- and 218-nm excitation from a
      H2-shifted quadrupled Nd:YAG laser, are reported for insulin and alpha
      lactalbumin in dilute aqueous solution, at pH values known to produce differences
      in the exposure of the aromatic residues to solvent. At 200 nm, the spectra are
      dominated by tyrosine bands, whose intensity is lowered somewhat in protein
      conformations in which tyrosine is exposed to solvent. The expected shift in the
      relative intensities of the components of the approximately 850-cm-1 tyrosine
      doublet is difficult to discern because the higher energy component shows much
      greater resonance enhancement and the lower energy component appears as a weak
      shoulder. The peptide vibrations, amides I, II, and III, are also enhanced at 200
      nm. The infrared active amide II mode is particularly prominent, although it is
      not observed in Raman spectra with visible excitation. In addition, the amide I
      band is quite broad in the 200-nm RR spectra, and the peak frequency is lower
      than that seen in visible excitation Raman spectra and is close to the infrared
      frequency. It appears that 200-nm excitation produces resonance enhancement of
      the infrared-active components of both amide I and amide II. Excitation at 218 nm
      enhances tryptophan modes strongly. The 876-cm-1 band, assigned to a deformation
      mode of the five-membered ring, shows a measurable upshift upon exposure of
      tryptophan to solvent, attributable to N-H hydrogen bonding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3893541
TI  - Membrane protein conformational change dependent on the hydrophobic environment.
AB  - Two conformational states of the coat protein of the filamentous bacteriophage
      M13 have been detected in detergent solution by using magnetic resonance
      techniques. When 3-fluorotyrosine is incorporated in place of the two tyrosine
      residues in the protein, four 19F nuclear magnetic resonance signals are
      observed, two for each conformer of the protein. The equilibrium between the two
      forms can be modulated by pH, temperature, and detergent structure. The rate of
      interconversion of the isomers is rapid on the minutes time scale but is slow
      relative to the T1 relaxation time of the fluorine resonances of approximately 50
      ms. The conformational change between the conformers results in the perturbation
      of a basic residue in the protein such that this group has a pKa of approximately
      9.5 in one state which shifts to 10.5 or more in the other conformational state.
      The temperature dependence of the equilibrium suggests an enthalpy difference of
      about 10 kcal/mol which is offset by entropy to give nearly zero free energy
      difference between the states at pH 8.3 in deoxycholate solution at room
      temperature. This suggests a substantial reorganization of the noncovalent
      interactions defining the two conformational states. The conformational
      equilibrium is strongly dependent on detergent structure and the presence of
      phospholipid in the detergent micelle. The results are not consistent with a
      strong, specific lipid binding to the protein but appear to be consistent with a
      more general effect of the overall micelle structure on the conformational state
      of the protein.

PMID- 3893542
TI  - Mammalian chymotrypsin-like enzymes. Comparative reactivities of rat mast cell
      proteases, human and dog skin chymases, and human cathepsin G with peptide 4
      nitroanilide substrates and with peptide chloromethyl ketone and sulfonyl
      fluoride inhibitors.
AB  - The extended substrate binding sites of several chymotrypsin-like serine
      proteases, including rat mast cell proteases I and II (RMCP I and II,
      respectively) and human and dog skin chymases, have been investigated by using
      peptide 4-nitroanilide substrates. In general, these enzymes preferred a P1 Phe
      residue and hydrophobic amino acid residues in P2 and P3. A P2 Pro residue was
      also found to be quite acceptable. The S4 subsites of these enzymes are less
      restrictive than the other subsites investigated. The substrate specificity of
      these enzymes was also investigated by using substrates which contain model
      desmosine residues and peptides with amino acid sequences of the physiologically
      important substrates angiotensin I and angiotensinogen and alpha 1
      antichymotrypsin, the major plasma inhibitor for chymotrypsin-like enzymes. These
      substrates were less reactive than the most reactive tripeptide reported here,
      Suc-Val-Pro-Phe-NA. The thiobenzyl ester Suc-Val-Pro-Phe-SBzl was found to be an
      extremely reactive substrate for the enzymes tested and was 6-171-fold more
      reactive than the 4-nitroanilide substrate. The four chymotrypsin-like enzymes
      were inhibited by chymostatin and N-substituted saccharin derivatives which had
      KI values in the micromolar range. In addition, several potent peptide
      chloromethyl ketone and substituted benzenesulfonyl fluoride irreversible
      inhibitors for these enzymes were discovered. The most potent sulfonyl fluoride
      inhibitor for RMCP I, RMCP II, and human skin chymase, 2-(Z-NHCH2CONH)C6H4SO2F,
      had kobsd/[I] values of 2500, 270, and 1800 M-1 s-1, respectively. The substrates
      and inhibitors reported here should be extremely useful in elucidating the
      physiological roles of these proteases.

PMID- 3893543
TI  - Stereochemical course of hydrolysis of DNA by exonuclease I from Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - Exonuclease I has been purified from an overproducing strain of Escherichia coli
      K12 [Prasher, D. C., Conarro, L., & Kushner, S. R. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258,
      6340-6343]. The enzyme hydrolyzes deoxyribonucleic acids that contain chiral
      phosphorothioate diester linkages, and the stereochemical course of the reaction
      is inversion of configuration at phosphorus. This result is most consistent with
      hydrolysis occurring via the direct attack of water on a phosphorothioate diester
      rather than through the intermediacy of a covalent nucleotidyl-enzyme
      intermediate. This finding represents the first example of a processive
      exonuclease whose stereochemical pathway has been determined.

PMID- 3893544
TI  - Transplasma-membrane redox systems in growth and development.

PMID- 3893545
TI  - Oriented reconstitution of red cell membrane proteins and assessment of their
      transmembrane disposition by immunoquenching of fluorescence.
AB  - The two major membrane glycoproteins of human red cells, glycophorin and band 3,
      the anion exchange protein, were isolated from cells exofacially labeled with
      fluorescein and reconstituted into vesicles with defined transmembrane
      disposition. Uniform orientation of polypeptides was accomplished by two
      procedures: Vesicles with single protein units were obtained by a one-step
      dilution of a protein/detergent suspension with a vast excess of phospholipid.
      Vesicles with uniform orientation of protein were selected by affinity
      chromatography on derivatized Sepharoses (organomercurial, wheat germ agglutinin,
      aminoethyl or diethylaminoethyl). Vesicles with multiple protein units with
      uniform orientation were generated by vectorial immobilization of detergent
      solubilized proteins on the above affinity matrices and in situ formation of
      proteoliposomes by detergent substitution for phospholipid. The proteoliposomes
      were released from the column by addition of excess free ligand. The orientation
      of band 3 and glycophorin in the reconstituted vesicles was first assessed by
      immunofluorescence quenching, using anti-fluorescein antibodies, to
      quantitatively quench fluorescein residues exposed on the outer surface of
      vesicles. Further assessment was achieved by chromatographing the vesicles
      through various affinity and ionic matrices. Vesicle populations of higher than
      90% homogeneity in protein orientation (right-side-out or inside-out) were
      obtained with both procedures. The above methods provide a convenient
      experimental tool for the oriented reconstitution of proteins and the evaluation
      of their transmembrane disposition.

PMID- 3893546
TI  - Left-handed Z-DNA.
AB  - Since the Watson-Crick proposal of right-handed B-DNA, numerous studies have been
      devoted to the conformation of DNA. Both natural DNAs of heterogeneous sequences
      and synthetic DNAs are capable of adopting more than one conformation. The
      specific conformation a DNA adopts appears to depend mainly on its base sequence
      and its environmental conditions. For a given DNA, changes in environmental
      conditions can induce conformational transitions which occur according to
      cooperative or non-cooperative processes (for general reviews see Ref. 1a, b).
      Despite many results, molecular biologists did not put much emphasis on the
      polymorphism of DNA. The discovery of the intraconversion in helical sense
      between the right-handed B and left-handed Z conformers of DNA has brought a new
      interest in the polymorphism of DNA. It is now proposed that this polymorphism
      has important functions in biological reactions. A recent review, 'The Chemistry
      and Biology of Left-handed Z-DNA', by Rich et al. has just been published. We
      here report some of the results published in 1984 on Z-DNA.

PMID- 3893547
TI  - Activation of bee venom phospholipase A2 by oleoyl imidazolide produces a thiol-
      and proteinase-resistant conformation.
AB  - Assay methods for bee venom phospholipase A2 are presented which respond to
      different aspects of enzymic behaviour and which allow basal activity, fatty acid
      activation and acyl-group activation to be distinguished. The stability of the
      enzyme to thiols and proteinases is dramatically increased by activation with the
      selective acylating agent, oleoyl imidazolide. These results support the model of
      activation by conformation change. Limited-fixation studies indicate that enzyme
      conformation is determined by interaction with the substrate. The oleoyl-enzyme
      is partially inactivated by trypsin, but its electrophoretic mobility is
      unchanged. This protective effect is highly selective and only one other
      component of the venom is protected against trypsin by oleoyl imidazolide.
      Combination of trypsin and thiol treatment produces a large fragment of the
      activated enzyme which could be used for structural studies of the activation
      site.

PMID- 3893548
TI  - Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from E. coli MRE-600: analysis of the active site
      distribution on the enzyme subunits by affinity labelling.
AB  - Affinity labelling has been employed to localize the substrate-binding sites on
      the enzyme subunits of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (L-phenylalanine:tRNAPhe
      ligase, EC 6.1.1.20) of Escherichia coli MRE-600 (alpha 2 beta 2-type). N
      Chlorambucilylphenylalanyl-tRNA, N-bromoacetylphenylalanyl-tRNA, tRNAPhe
      containing an azido group at the eighth position of the molecule (S4U), tRNAPhe
      containing azido groups at different points of the molecule, p-azidoanilidate of
      phenylalanine, adenosine 5'-trimethaphosphate and N-bromoacetyl-L
      phenylalaninyladenylate were used in experiments. It has been shown that tRNA
      binding sites are formed on heavy beta-subunits of the enzyme. Phenylalanyl-tRNA
      is also localized on beta-subunits, while the aminoacyl moiety of aminoacyl-tRNA
      is localized near the contact region of subunits. The phenylalanine-binding site
      is located on light alpha-subunits of the enzyme. Adenosine 5'-trimethaphosphate
      and the analogue of phenylalanyladenylate modify both types of enzyme subunits.
      In our opinion, the catalytic center of tRNA aminoacylation is formed in the
      contact region of subunits, and the aminoacyl moiety is transferred into tRNA
      (from the alpha- into beta-subunit in the region of their contact).

PMID- 3893549
TI  - Tissue distribution, developmental profiles and effect of denervation of enolase
      isozymes in rat muscles.
AB  - The tissue distribution of muscle-type alpha beta and beta beta enolases in rats
      were determined with the sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay method which utilized
      the purified antibodies specific to the alpha and to the beta subunit of enolase,
      and beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli as label. All the tissues examined
      contained detectable levels of both alpha beta and beta beta enolases. The beta
      beta enolase was found at high levels in the skeletal muscle tissues (tongue,
      esophagus, diaphragm and leg muscles) and in the cartilages (xipoid process and
      auricular cartilage). The alpha beta enolase was distributed at a relatively high
      concentration in the heart and in the above-mentioned tissues. The beta beta
      enolase in the leg muscles, diaphragm and tongue was present on the day of birth
      at a concentration higher than that of the alpha alpha and alpha beta enolases,
      and its concentration further increased in a manner apparently related to the
      functional state of each tissue. Denervation of the leg muscles by cutting the
      sciatic nerve in adult rats resulted in a drastic change in the isozymes profile.
      The concentration of beta beta enolase in the tibialis anterior gastrocnemius
      lateralis and extensor digitorum longus (about 800 pmol/mg protein) decreased to
      about a half in a few weeks after denervation. In contrast, the concentrations of
      alpha alpha (2 pmol/mg) and alpha beta (80 pmol/mg) usually showed a slight
      increase by the treatment (alpha alpha, 7 pmol/mg; alpha beta, 100 pmol/mg after
      2 weeks). As compared with these three muscles, the soleus had normally a low
      enolase level and the effect of denervation was less drastic. These results seem
      to suggest that the concentration of beta beta enolase is closely correlated with
      the functional state of the muscle tissue.

PMID- 3893550
TI  - Effect of papulacandin B and calcofluor white on the incorporation of
      mannoproteins in the wall of Candida albicans blastospores.
AB  - Incorporation of mannoproteins into the walls of Candida albicans blastospores
      (yeast phase) was followed by continuous labelling and pulse-chase experiments.
      The effect in the process of compounds that interfere with synthesis
      (papulacandin B) or assembly (calcofluor white) of structural polymers was also
      assessed. Mannoproteins which are kept in place by non-covalent bonds (mainly
      hydrogen bonds) were incorporated rapidly after their release into the
      periplasmic space, this process being blocked by calcofluor white. The stain had
      no effect on the incorporation of covalently linked mannoproteins. Papulacandin B
      inhibited formation of beta-glucans and incorporation of covalently linked
      mannoprotein molecules, whereas incorporation of hydrogen-bonded species took
      place normally. The results suggest that the formation of the non-covalent bonds
      between the mannoproteins occurs once they are secreted into the periplasmic
      space, whereas the formation of covalent connections between mannoproteins and
      wall glucan takes place at the level of the plasma membrane.

PMID- 3893551
TI  - Effect of activation of muscarinic receptors on intracellular free calcium and
      secretion in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.
AB  - Stimulation of the nicotinic receptor of bovine chromaffin cells results in a
      rise in intracellular free calcium [( Ca2+]i) and subsequent release of
      catecholamine. This response is totally dependent on the presence of external
      Ca2+. Monitoring [Ca2+]i using quin-2 demonstrated a rise in [Ca2+]i in response
      to muscarinic agonists which was approximately 4-times less than that obtained in
      response to nicotinic stimulation. This atropine-sensitive [Ca2+]i rise occurred
      after a 10-s lag and was found to be independent of the external Ca2+, implying
      the existence of an intracellular Ca2+ source. Despite producing this [Ca2+]i
      rise low concentrations of the muscarinic agonist, methacholine (under 1 X 10(-3)
      M), failed to trigger secretion itself and did not effect the secretory response
      elicited by nicotine. Challenging the cells with higher methacholine
      concentrations (over 1 X 10(-3) M) resulted in the same [Ca2+]i rise, no
      secretion, but an inhibition of secretion due to nicotine. This latter response,
      however, was found to be atropine-insensitive and therefore non-muscarinic. The
      [Ca2+]i rise and secretion due to depolarization by 55 mM K+ were largely
      unaffected by prior addition 1 X 10(-2) M methacholine, inferring that high
      concentrations of methacholine inhibit nicotine-induced secretion by interacting
      with the nicotinic receptor. These results provide evidence consistent with the
      existence of an intracellular Ca2+ store mobilized by muscarinic receptor
      activation in bovine chromaffin cells and show that, despite causing a rise in
      [Ca2+]i, bovine chromaffin cell muscarinic stimulation does not effect secretion
      itself or secretion induced by either nicotine or high K+.

PMID- 3893552
TI  - Prostacyclin-synthesis stimulating plasma factor and platelet sensitivity in
      preeclampsia.
AB  - Hemostatic regulation is partly maintained by antiaggregatory and vasodilative
      prostaglandins (PGI2, PGE1, PGD2) and by the proaggregatory and vasoconstrictive
      Thromboxane A2. PGI2-Synthesis is regulated by a plasma factor (PF). This plasma
      factor and the platelet sensitivity (PS) to PGI2 and PGE1 decrease during
      pregnancy towards term. In preeclampsia PF and PS is more decreased than in
      healthy pregnant women. Both parameters increase significantly after delivery.
      The decreased values of PF and PS in preeclampsia demonstrate a dysregulation of
      hemostasis in preeclampsia.

PMID- 3893553
TI  - Alterations of immunologic parameters in pregnancies complicated by EPH-gestosis.
AB  - To characterize the cellular and humoral immune situation in pregnancies with EPH
      gestosis (n = 44), percentages of peripheral T-lymphocytes, ratio of helper and
      suppressor T-lymphocytes further circulating immuncomplexes (CIC), beta 2
      Microglobulin (beta 2-MG) and lysozyme (Lz) were determined. 50 pregnant women
      without EPH-gestosis were examined as controls. The mean counts of total
      lymphocytes decreased with increasing gestosis index in contrast to T-lymphocyte
      percentages. The mean T-helper/T-suppressorcell ratio indicated a severe
      imbalance in a few cases with severe gestosis. CIC were present in all serum
      samples of patients with moderate and severe gestosis. Lz was found to be
      elevated in EPH-gestosis in correlation to severity of disease. beta 2-MG levels
      in serum were only increased in women with reduced renal function. This parameter
      was not strictly correlated to the severity of EPH-gestosis but only to the
      degree of kidney dysfunctioning. EPH-gestosis represents a heterogeneous group
      with uniform symptomatology. Only in severe gestosis an imbalance of T-lymphocyte
      subpopulations as well as CIC and elevated Lz levels were detected. In mild
      gestosis no alterations of the used parameters were found.

PMID- 3893554
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of relaxin in the corpus luteum of the nonpregnant,
      pseudopregnant, and pregnant pig.
AB  - Relaxin was localized in luteal cells of ovaries from nonpregnant,
      pseudopregnant, and pregnant pigs using porcine relaxin antiserum and peroxidase
      antiperoxidase light microscopy immunohistochemistry. The number of
      immunoreactive cells seemed to increase from Days 17 to 106 of gestation. Luteal
      cells from pseudopregnant (Day 110) and nonpregnant (Day 14 of the estrous cycle)
      pigs were also positive for relaxin. However, less than 3% of the luteal cells in
      the nonpregnant animals were immunoreactive. Electron microscopy
      immunocytochemistry using porcine relaxin antiserum and goat antirabbit
      immunoglobulin G-colloidal gold demonstrated that relaxin was packaged in the
      small membrane-bound granules in luteal cells of pregnant as well as
      pseudopregnant and nonpregnant pigs. The intensity of labeling (number of gold
      particles) of the granules increased with pregnancy. There was a 10-fold increase
      in labeling of granules with the 10-nm versus 25-nm diameter gold. The goat
      antirabbit labeled with the smaller 10-nm gold particles was necessary to
      demonstrate the apparent low levels of relaxin in the luteal cells of the
      nonpregnant pigs. These data further indicate that pregnancy is not required for
      relaxin synthesis. However, physiologic significance of relaxin in corpora lutea
      of nonpregnant pigs has not been determined.

PMID- 3893555
TI  - The immunocytochemical localization of a cat uterine protein that is estrogen
      dependent (CUPED).
AB  - An estrogen-dependent polypeptide (CUPED), which was purified from uterine
      flushings of estrogen-treated cats, was localized in endometrial epithelial cells
      of cats using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical staining
      procedure. Epithelial cells from animals treated with estradiol for 4, 7, or 14
      days and estrogen-primed animals treated with progesterone for 2 days showed
      positive immunostaining. Staining was absent in untreated ovariectomized animals
      and in estrogen-primed animals treated with progesterone for 4 days. Specific
      cytoplasmic staining was confined to apical secretory granules in nonciliated
      cells of deep uterine glands. Staining was also commonly observed in the lumen of
      deep glands. Immunostaining was absent in the cells of the surface epithelium,
      stroma, and myometrium. In addition, other organs such as the oviduct, kidney,
      liver, pancreas, and lung showed no evidence of specific immunocytochemical
      staining. Therefore, the estrogen-dependent polypeptide obtained from uterine
      flushings of estrogen-treated ovariectomized cats is a uterine-specific secretory
      product that is packaged in apical cytoplasmic granules of uterine epithelial
      gland cells before being released into the uterine lumen.

PMID- 3893556
TI  - Projected structure of the pore-forming OmpC protein from Escherichia coli outer
      membrane.
AB  - A single-projection structure analysis of a bacterial outer membrane protein,
      OmpC, has been carried out by electron microscopy of frozen hydrated specimens.
      Two distinct crystal polymorphs have been observed in the frozen-hydrated
      samples, and projection structures of both forms have been obtained to a
      resolution of 13.5 A. Preliminary examination of negatively stained samples
      revealed the expected, trimeric appearance of pores in the OmpC specimens.
      Electron microscopy of unstained, frozen-hydrated OmpC reveals the trimeric pore
      structure with equal clarity. In addition, the overall molecular envelope of the
      protein is readily discerned, and a major lipid-containing domain can also be
      seen. Because of the small coherent patch size, mosaic disorder, and
      unpredictable polymorphism of the presently available specimens, three
      dimensional reconstruction of frozen-hydrated OmpC has not been carried out.

PMID- 3893557
TI  - Microwave-field-driven acoustic modes in DNA.
AB  - The direct coupling of a microwave field to selected DNA molecules is
      demonstrated using standard dielectrometry. The absorption is resonant with a
      typical lifetime of 300 ps. Such a long lifetime is unexpected for DNA in aqueous
      solution at room temperature. Resonant absorption at fundamental and harmonic
      frequencies for both supercoiled circular and linear DNA agrees with an acoustic
      mode model. Our associated acoustic velocities for linear DNA are very close to
      the acoustic velocity of the longitudinal acoustic mode independently observed on
      DNA fibers using Brillouin spectroscopy. The difference in acoustic velocities
      for supercoiled circular and linear DNA is discussed in terms of solvent
      shielding of the nonbonded potentials in DNA.

PMID- 3893558
TI  - Normal human granulopoiesis revisited. II. Bone marrow data.
AB  - In a previous paper on normal human granulopoiesis, advantages and pitfalls of
      experimental techniques previously devised to study the proliferation and
      maturation kinetics of the neutrophil granulocyte lineage have been discussed in
      details. Reference data concerning blood granulocyte half-life in the
      circulation, blood granulocyte pool size and turnover rate have been proposed. In
      this second paper, human bone marrow neutrophil data are reviewed and discussed,
      in regard to cellularity, mitotic activities, cell kinetic parameters in the
      mitotic pool and transit time through the non mitotic pool, differential cell
      counts and production. Reference data arise from this review, although some
      problems remain concerning bone marrow differential cell counts. Finally a
      complete and coherent kinetic description of granulopoiesis is given and the
      amount of ineffective bone marrow production is approximately calculated.

PMID- 3893559
TI  - Regulation of polyamine biosynthesis by antizyme and some recent developments
      relating the induction of polyamine biosynthesis to cell growth. Review.
AB  - This review considers the role of antizyme, of amino acids and of protein
      synthesis in the regulation of polyamine biosynthesis. The ornithine
      decarboxylase of eukaryotic cells and of Escherichia coli can be non
      competitively inhibited by proteins, termed antizymes, which are induced by di-
      and poly- amines. Some antizymes have been purified to homogeneity and have been
      shown to be structurally unique to the cell of origin. Yet, the E. coli antizyme
      and the rat liver antizyme cross react and inhibit each other's biosynthetic
      decarboxylases. These results indicate that aspects of the control of polyamine
      biosynthesis have been highly conserved throughout evolution. Evidence for the
      physiological role of the antizyme in mammalian cells rests upon its
      identification in normal uninduced cells, upon the inverse relationship that
      exists between antizyme and ornithine decarboxylase as well as upon the existence
      of the complex of ornithine decarboxylase and antizyme in vivo. Furthermore, the
      antizyme has been shown to be highly specific; its Keq for ornithine
      decarboxylase is 1.4 X 10(11) M-1. In addition, mammalian cells contain an anti
      antizyme, a protein that specifically binds to the antizyme of an ornithine
      decarboxylase-antizyme complex and liberates free ornithine decarboxylase from
      the complex. In E. coli, in which polyamine biosynthesis is mediated both by
      ornithine decarboxylase and by arginine decarboxylase, three proteins (one acidic
      and two basic) have been purified, each of which inhibits both these enzymes.
      They do not inhibit the biodegradative ornithine and arginine decarboxylases nor
      lysine decarboxylase. The two basic inhibitors have been shown to correspond to
      the ribosomal proteins S20/L26 and L34, respectively. The relationship of the
      acidic antizyme to other known E. coli proteins remains to be determined. In
      mammalian cells, ornithine decarboxylase can be induced by a broad spectrum of
      compounds. These range from hormones and growth factors to natural amino acids
      such as asparagine and to non-metabolizable amino acid analogues such as alpha
      amino-isobutyric acid. The amino acids that induce ornithine decarboxylase as
      well as those that promote polyamine uptake utilize the sodium dependent A and N
      transport systems. Consequently, they act in concert and increase intracellular
      polyamine levels by both mechanisms. The induction of ornithine decarboxylase by
      growth factors, such as NGF, EGF, and PDGF as well as by insulin requires the
      presence of these same amino acids and does not occur in their absence. However,
      the inducing amino acid need not be incorporated into protein nor covalently
      modified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3893561
TI  - [Interaction of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis with the epithelium of the small
      intestine in experimental infection].
AB  - Some data showing specific ways of interaction of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
      with the epithelium of the small intestinal mucosa have been received for the
      first time by using light microscopy of semithin sections. Comparative study of
      the lesion of the epithelium of different parts of rabbit small intestine by oral
      inoculation with Yersinia tuberculosis has expanded the ideas of the infection
      entry. It has been established for the first time that the most intensive
      penetration of the microorganisms into the epithelium of the mucous membrane
      takes place in the duodenum and jejunum. As the infected contents is evacuated
      via the intestinal tract, the Yersinia pathogenicity decreases, and in the ileum,
      the invasion of the microorganisms becomes less pronounced. It has been revealed
      that in pseudotuberculosis, there takes place a repeated dissemination of the
      infection in the intestinal tract because of decay of the involved enterocytes,
      which is of pathogenetic importance for the progress and outcome of the
      infection.

PMID- 3893560
TI  - The effect of tunicamycin on transferrin synthesis and secretion in hormonally
      stimulated explants of rabbit mammary gland.
AB  - Pregnant rabbit mammary gland explants cultured with insulin, prolactin and
      cortisol synthesize and secrete transferrin radiolabelled with [3H]leucine or
      [3H]mannose. Addition of tunicamycin inhibits the glycosylation but not synthesis
      of the [3H]leucine-labelled polypeptide. Secretion of the non-glycosylated
      protein is only marginally inhibited.

PMID- 3893562
TI  - [Role of the cytoskeleton in the morphological normalization of transformed cells
      in culture].
AB  - The role of the cytoskeleton in morphological normalization of transformed cells
      was studied. Mouse cells of the L197/6 clonal line were fused by polyethylene
      glycol and replated. The multinuclear cells were more spread than control ones:
      the ratio of the cell-occupied area to the number of the nuclei increased 2-3
      times as a result of multinucleation. Instead of the spindle-like morphology
      typical for control cells they became star-like with larger lamellar regions
      located between radially oriented cell processes. According to the
      immunofluorescent data these processes contained thick bundles of microtubules
      and intermediate filaments. Destruction of these bundles with colcemide led to a
      decrease in the area occupied by multinuclear cells but did not change
      significantly the area occupied by control cells. The role of microtubules and
      intermediate filaments in cell spreading is discussed.

PMID- 3893563
TI  - [Cultivation of bone marrow in a medium conditioned by lymphoid organ cells].
AB  - Conditioned media (CM) from short-term cultures of splenocytes or thymocytes
      stimulated by Con A inhibit the growth of fibroblast colonies and raise the
      survival of non-adherent cells (NAC) in primary monolayer cultures of mouse bone
      marrow. The double effect of the CM is dose-dependent. The self-renewal of NAC in
      CM cultures is effected during two weeks.

PMID- 3893564
TI  - [Effect of litonit and teturam on the course of biochemical processes in
      infectious inflammatory lesions of the kidneys in alcoholized animals].
AB  - The time-course of changes in the activity of sorbitol dehydrogenase, catalase
      and the intensity of lipid peroxidation in the blood and kidneys of 250 albino
      rats was studied in the course of the development of alcoholic dependence when
      suffering from secondary infection. Litonit, a new antialcoholic drug, was found
      to be effective for the treatment of infectious inflammatory renal lesions in
      alcoholism. Unlike teturam, litonit promoted the decrease of sorbitol
      dehydrogenase and catalase activity in the kidneys and abated the intensity of
      lipid peroxidation. The possibility of using litonit as one of the remedies of
      pathogenetic therapy for infectious inflammatory renal lesions in alcoholism is
      under discussion.

PMID- 3893565
TI  - [Effect of x-ray irradiation on the activity of key enzymes in heme biosynthesis
      and breakdown in the rat liver].
AB  - The authors studied the effects of the whole-body x-irradiation on the activity
      of delta-aminolevulinate synthase and heme oxygenase in the liver of Wistar rats.
      The activity of delta-aminolevulinate synthase decreased to 81-49% of normal by
      the 1st-3d day after irradiation in a dose of 7 Gy followed by partial
      normalization of the enzyme activity by the 5th-7th day. The activity of heme
      oxygenase was over 2 times as increased by the 5th-7th day following irradiation
      in a dose of 7 Gy. Irradiation in a dose of 5 Gy did not alter the activity of
      heme oxygenase and caused a negligible reduction in the activity of delta
      aminolevulinate synthase. During the most pronounced decrease in the rate of heme
      synthesis in the liver of irradiated rats, there was an elevation in the level of
      "free" heme (measured by the degree of tryptophane pyrrolase saturation with
      heme). This attests to a possible lowering of the rate of heme utilization in the
      synthesis of heme. A possible role of the effects described in the irradiation
      induced decrease in the content of cytochrome P-450 in the animals' liver.

PMID- 3893566
TI  - [Characteristics of the reaction of immunologically tolerant mice to the
      polyclonal stimulant salmozan].
AB  - The nonspecific stimulant of the immune response salmozan (Sal) increases the
      number of PFC against SRBC in intact mice, B mice (thymectomized, irradiated and
      reconstituted with embryonic liver cells), and in mice pretreated with
      cyclophosphamide (CY). This effect was decreased in mice pretreated with SRBC and
      CY. The subsequent injections of SRBC and Sal into tolerant mice did not increase
      the response under study. It is concluded that the effect observed is due to
      partial alteration of antigen-specific B cells of tolerant mice and this
      alteration cannot be explained by the lack of the regeneration of membrane
      immunoglobulins.

PMID- 3893567
TI  - Pre-B cells in peripheral blood of multiple myeloma patients.
AB  - Although multiple myeloma is a disease of plasma cells, abnormalities have been
      detected in both B and T lymphocytes in peripheral blood. Although multiple
      myeloma patients are deficient in surface Ig (sIg)-positive B lymphocytes,
      analysis of lymphocytes present in blood indicates an abnormally large pool of
      circulating pre-B cells. These pre-B cells express BA-1, do not bear sIg, and
      contain cytoplasmic mu chains. High numbers of pre-B cells occur in 88% of
      individuals with frank myeloma and in 44% of individuals with monoclonal
      gammopathy of undetermined significance. Pre-B cells bearing BA-1 differ between
      patients in their expression of HLA-DR and receptors for peanut agglutinin (PNA).
      Those pre-B cells in myeloma patients are either BA-1+ PNA- HLA-DR+ (54% of
      patients) or BA-1+ PNA+ HLA-DR- (30% of patients), or have a mixture of
      phenotypes (14% of patients). Pre-B cells of the PNA- phenotype are almost always
      HLA-DR+, and PNA+ pre-B cells are HLA-DR-. Within the same patient, the pre-B
      cell population varies by both quantitative and qualitative definitions. The
      number of pre-B cells may increase 460-fold and temporal shifts of surface
      phenotype from BA-1+ PNA- to BA-1+ PNA+ or vice versa have been detected. These
      observations indicate an abnormality in the B lymphocyte differentiation pathway
      leading to pre-B cells in the periphery that vary in number and cell surface
      phenotype, and that are unable to express sIg.

PMID- 3893568
TI  - Phenotypic and functional analysis of B cell lines from patients with multiple
      myeloma.
AB  - We characterized phenotypic and functional properties of B cell lines obtained
      from patients with multiple myeloma to determine how well they conform to
      particular stages of B cell differentiation. This information is a prerequisite
      for using such lines as tools for studying B cell growth and the regulation
      thereof. Two lines, GM1312 and GM1500, expressed B1 and Ia, determinants on early
      B cells, but expressed little, if any, T10, a determinant expressed on plasma
      cells. By contrast, B1 and Ia were poorly expressed on two other lines, GM2132
      and U266. T10 was expressed on GM2132 but not on U266. Using a reverse hemolytic
      plaque assay, we also assessed the numbers of cells actively secreting
      immunoglobulin (IgSCs) in such cultures to provide a functional marker of B cell
      differentiation. We observed consistently higher numbers of IgSCs in cultures of
      GM2132 than in GM1500 and GM1312. These phenotypic and functional markers were
      stable over several months. The data suggest that such cell lines represent early
      (GM1312, GM1500) and later stages (GM2132, U266) of B cell differentiation,
      although all lines were derived from patients with multiple myeloma.

PMID- 3893569
TI  - Phenotypic heterogeneity among stromal cell lines from mouse bone marrow
      disclosed in their extracellular matrix composition and interactions with normal
      and leukemic cells.
AB  - Study of a series of stromal cell lines from mouse bone marrow (MBA) verified and
      extended their classification as phenotypically distinct subtypes. Production of
      extracellular matrix proteins was examined using specific antibodies. Fibronectin
      and laminin were detected in all of the cell lines tested, yet 14F1.1 adipocytes
      exhibited particularly prominent extracellular deposition. This cell line and MBA
      13.2 cells were positive to both collagen types I and IV, whereas MBA-1 and MBA
      2.1 were stained with anticollagen type I antibodies only. Coculture experiments
      revealed differences among the lines in their effects on normal myeloid cells and
      leukemic cell lines. In promoting the in vitro accumulation of myeloid
      progenitors (CFU-C), 14F1.1 cells surpassed the others. The MBA-2.1 cell line was
      particularly inhibitory to MPC-11 plasmacytoma and Friend erythroleukemia cells.
      However, the latter were refractory to other stromal cell lines, whereas MPC-11
      cells were inhibited to various degrees by virtually all of the cell lines.
      Physical separation between the interacting cells reduced the inhibition in some
      but not all cases, and no inhibitory activity was detected in conditioned media.
      The MBA-13 stromal cells synergistically promoted the differentiation of
      dimethylsulfoxide (Me2SO)-induced Friend erythroleukemia. The latter cells
      themselves, at high concentrations, as well as some of the stromal cell lines and
      unrelated adherent cells, antagonized the Me2SO effect, revealing possible
      reversible stages in the Friend cell differentiation pathway.

PMID- 3893570
TI  - Marrow transplantation for children in first remission of acute nonlymphoblastic
      leukemia: an update.
AB  - Thirty-eight children between the ages of 0.8 and 17 years with acute
      nonlymphoblastic leukemia in first remission induced by chemotherapy were given
      cyclophosphamide, total body irradiation, and bone marrow transplants from HLA
      matched donors. Six patients died of pneumonia, one died of metabolic problems,
      and one died of chronic graft-v-host disease complications. Five patients
      relapsed between six months and 3.2 years after transplantation. Three of the
      five died of leukemia, one survives with leukemia three years after
      transplantation, and one survives in remission off treatment following
      chemotherapy for 22 months. Twenty-five survive in continuous remission from 1.7
      to 8.4 years after transplantation, and the actuarial analysis shows a disease
      free survival rate of 64%, with a plateau extending from 3.5 to 8.4 years. All
      lead normal lives.

PMID- 3893571
TI  - Ficoll-Hypaque separation of bone marrow cells.

PMID- 3893572
TI  - Marrow transplantation for pancytopenia in dyskeratosis congenita.
AB  - A 33-year-old man with dyskeratosis congenita received a marrow transplant to
      treat severe pancytopenia. The graft was successful-, but the patient developed
      severe acute graft-versus-host-disease grade IV and died 51 days postgrafting. -
      The outcome of transplantation in dyskeratosis congenita is compared to that in
      Fanconi's anaemia due to the resemblance of both diseases in some aspects.

PMID- 3893574
TI  - Mutagenicity assessment of different drinking water supplies before and after
      treatments.

PMID- 3893575
TI  - [List of members of the French Ophthalmology Society].

PMID- 3893576
TI  - [Treatment of macular holes as a function of diagnostic echography].

PMID- 3893573
TI  - Heterogeneity of estrogen binding sites in breast cancer: morphologic
      demonstration and relationship to endocrine response.
AB  - Breast cancer specimens from 184 patients were analyzed for estrogen binding by
      two different histochemical techniques using conjugates of estradiol, bovine
      serum albumin, and fluorescein. In one conjugate estradiol was bound at position
      6, in the other at position 17. Results were in agreement in 64% (p less than
      .001), but obvious differences in ligand distribution were noted. Results were
      also correlated with estrogen receptor (ER) analysis by dextran-coated charcoal
      assay (DCC) and were in accord in 65% and 67% of specimens respectively (p less
      than .001). In 114 cases, the tissue samples were also studied with the estrogen
      receptor immunocytochemical assay (ERICA) of Greene and his colleagues, which
      employs monoclonal antibodies to ER protein. Results were in accord with DCC in
      86% (p less than .001). The pattern of staining with ERICA differed from that of
      either histochemical method. In 43 cases assay results were correlated with
      clinical endocrine response. Overall, the best statistical prognostic parameters
      were obtained with ERICA. Analysis of combined assay results revealed that
      patients with assays positive by all techniques were the most likely to respond
      to hormonal treatment (p less than .001), whereas if one or more assays were
      negative the chances for a good response were significantly less favorable. These
      data suggest that DCC and ERICA are both a measure of the same estrogen binding
      site (type I) while the histochemical methods apparently identify two other
      separate and distinct sites (putative type II sites). A degree of positive
      interaction may exist between these multiple estrogen binding sites.

PMID- 3893577
TI  - [Clinical and echographic study of choroidal detachment].

PMID- 3893578
TI  - [Chronicle of cataract surgery].

PMID- 3893579
TI  - [Optical value of pre-Descemet's lamellar grafts].

PMID- 3893580
TI  - [Clinical importance of the dependence between the speed of intralenticular sound
      and type of cataract].

PMID- 3893581
TI  - [Doppler recording in acute ischemia of the head of the optic nerve].

PMID- 3893582
TI  - Conferment of honorary fellowship on Sir Theodore Fox.

PMID- 3893583
TI  - Memorial tribute to Linsly R. Williams, M.D., 1875-1934.

PMID- 3893585
TI  - Hashish and drug abuse in Egypt during the 19th and 20th centuries.

PMID- 3893584
TI  - Preprofessional requirements: an anachronism.

PMID- 3893586
TI  - Simple skin closure.
AB  - Traditionally, general surgeons in the UK have shown little concern for the
      results of skin wound closure unless the wounds have undeniable cosmetic
      importance, as in surgery of the face, neck, or breasts. However, in recent years
      greater significance has been attached to the scarring and other complications
      that may result from skin sutures. Various techniques of wound closure, sutures,
      staples, clips, and other materials are now available to the surgeon. This
      article reviews these recent developments.

PMID- 3893587
TI  - The treatment of leukoderma after burns by a combination of dermabrasion and
      "chip" skin grafting.
AB  - The treatment of leukoderma after burns can be difficult. The white patches are
      often extensive and the adjacent scar tissue itself may need excision and this
      further increases the size of the final defect. Moreover, when sheet skin grafts
      are used it is difficult to produce an inconspicuous border between skin graft
      and surrounding normal skin. We have developed a new technique to treat
      depigmentation following burns with minimal donor site morbidity and encouraging
      results.

PMID- 3893588
TI  - The treatment of hypospadias by a modified one-stage van der Meulen dorsal axial
      flap repair.
AB  - A modified van der Meulen operation has been designed to reduce even further the
      low complication rate associated with this method of hypospadias repair. Our
      experiences with the first 20 cases are reported.

PMID- 3893589
TI  - A pig model for investigation of muscle and myocutaneous flaps.
AB  - An experimental model in the pig is described which readily enables studies to be
      made on musculocutaneous and muscle flaps. The model allows easy, reliable
      control over the pedicle blood supply at any time in the postoperative period.

PMID- 3893590
TI  - Topical use of prostacyclin in microvascular surgery.
AB  - Prostacyclin was investigated for its ability to overcome surgically induced
      spasm of the femoral artery and to increase blood flow through the rabbit
      epigastric free flap. Topical prostacyclin (200 ng/ml) and lignocaine (20 mg/ml
      or 2%) each produced near-maximal vasodilatation of large conducting vessels.
      This resulted in a significant increase in blood flow after 5 minutes for each
      form of topical treatment, compared to a saline control. However the
      vasodilatation obtained from lignocaine tended to wear off over 30 minutes.
      Treatment with systemic indomethacin did not prevent surgical spasm nor the
      action of prostacyclin in relieving it. Topical 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha, the
      major breakdown metabolite of prostacyclin, was not responsible for the
      vasodilatory action of prostacyclin. Topical prostacyclin (200 ng/ml) also caused
      platelet disaggregation and some rebleeding from the anastomotic site,
      nevertheless there was no significant difference in flap survival between the use
      of topical prostacyclin and topical lignocaine.

PMID- 3893591
TI  - The reversed forearm flap using scarred skin in hand reconstruction.
AB  - A reverse forearm flap was used in the reconstruction of the hands of two
      epileptic patients, who had sustained deep dermal burns of the right hand and
      forearm. The base of both flaps consisted of scarred, transplanted skin.
      Furthermore one flap was split. Venous drainage was preserved. A good result was
      observed in both cases.

PMID- 3893592
TI  - A one-stage reconstruction of a large defect of the tendo Achilles and the
      overlying skin.
AB  - This presentation describes the simultaneous one-stage reconstruction, in a 14
      year-old boy, of a missing fragment of the Achilles tendon and the skin covering
      the lower and posterior aspect of the leg.

PMID- 3893593
TI  - A modified tie-over dressing for skin grafts.
AB  - This paper describes a simple modification of the conventional tie-over dressing
      used in skin grafting. A plastic bead is used to gather together the tie-over
      threads and an aluminium collar provides a rapid method of securing the tie.

PMID- 3893594
TI  - Oxidised regenerated cellulose: an effective emergency haemostatic in burns
      surgery.
AB  - A 26-year-old man with 40% full-thickness burns was treated by excision and split
      skin grafting on the 7th post-burn day. He developed bleeding 1 hour post
      operatively which persisted despite the use of pressure dressings, elevation of
      the limbs, the administration of fresh frozen plasma, platelet-rich plasma,
      calcium, whole blood and cryoprecipitate respectively over a period of 11 hours.
      The bleeding was finally controlled under general anaesthesia by clot removal,
      bipolar electro-coagulation of miniscule oozing points, replacement of the meshed
      skin graft and the application of a layer of oxidised regenerated cellulose over
      the grafted area. The properties and uses of oxidised regenerated cellulose are
      outlined.

PMID- 3893595
TI  - The first decade of the North East Thames Regional Plastic Surgery and Burns
      Unit.

PMID- 3893596
TI  - CT scans in schizophrenia.

PMID- 3893597
TI  - Did Shakespeare know schizophrenia? The case of Poor Mad Tom in King Lear.

PMID- 3893598
TI  - Long-term depot maintenance of chronic schizophrenic out-patients: the seven year
      follow-up of the Medical Research Council fluphenazine/placebo trial I. Course of
      illness, stability of diagnosis, and the role of a special maintenance clinic.
AB  - A follow-up study of all patients entering the MRC double-blind trial of
      fluphenazine decanoate in chronic schizophrenic out-patients achieved a trace
      rate of 94%. In general, these patients were severely disabled, continued under
      the care of the maintenance clinic, and their diagnoses remained remarkably
      consistent; more than one-fifth were found to be in acute schizophrenic relapse
      and in over a half of these cases, the relapse was not known to the treatment
      agency. The maintenance clinic attenders were little different from those who no
      longer used such a facility.

PMID- 3893599
TI  - Long-term depot maintenance of chronic schizophrenic out-patients: the seven year
      follow-up of the Medical Research Council fluphenazine/placebo trial. II. The
      incidence of compliance problems, side-effects, neurotic symptoms and depression.
AB  - Seven years after the completion of the original trial, over 73% of patients were
      maintained on depot neuroleptics, and 70% had received such medication for over
      seven years. About 40% had presented with a problem of compliance at some time,
      and there was a significant correlation between poor compliance and in-patient
      admissions and schizophrenic relapses. The prevalence of parkinsonian side
      effects, akathisia, and tardive dyskinesia was low. Non-psychotic symptoms were
      common, even in the absence of acute psychosis. Depression was found in a
      subgroup of patients; it was frequently reported as an indication for admission
      during follow-up period, and seemed to be part of the schizophrenic illness
      rather than a result of antipsychotic drug treatment.

PMID- 3893600
TI  - Long-term depot maintenance of chronic schizophrenic out-patients: the seven year
      follow-up of the Medical Research Council fluphenazine/placebo trial. III.
      Relapse postponement or relapse prevention? The implications for long-term
      outcome.
AB  - The relapse and admission histories revealed a positive correlation between
      number of schizophrenic episodes and time on maintenance medication, probably
      reflecting severity of illness. Relapse rates after drug discontinuation rose to
      45% within 13 months. There were no differences of predictive value between those
      relapsing on or off medication. The relationship between relapse rates, drug
      treatment, and social outcome is complex; antipsychotic drugs may postpone
      relapse, and frequent relapses might inhibit improvement in social performance
      long after florid symptoms have been controlled by medication.

PMID- 3893602
TI  - Social anthropology in relation to psychiatry.

PMID- 3893601
TI  - The Nottingham ECT Study. A double-blind comparison of bilateral, unilateral and
      simulated ECT in depressive illness.
AB  - Sixty nine patients took part in a double-blind study to investigate the efficacy
      of bilateral, unilateral, and simulated ECT in the treatment of depressive
      illness. The findings suggest that both bilateral and unilateral ECT are highly
      effective treatments for depression and are significantly superior to simulated
      ECT. There was also evidence that patients receiving bilateral ECT recovered more
      rapidly than those receiving unilateral ECT and required significantly fewer
      treatments. The relevance of these findings to clinical practice is discussed.

PMID- 3893603
TI  - Another Bart's alumnus: W.H.R. Rivers.

PMID- 3893604
TI  - The present status of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
AB  - The present status of monoamine oxidase inhibitors in the treatment of depression
      is reviewed. With adequate doses they are effective antidepressants, but dosages
      have in the past been too low. Provided proper dietary precautions are taken, the
      incidence of fatality from dietary interactions is very small and should not
      deter doctors from using these drugs, especially in those depressed patients who
      do not respond to tricyclic-type antidepressants. The present status of combining
      monoamine oxidase inhibitors with tricyclics is discussed, as are the newer
      specific inhibitors particularly clorgyline and deprenyl.

PMID- 3893605
TI  - A controlled trial of social intervention in the families of schizophrenic
      patients: two year follow-up.
AB  - The two-year follow-up results are reported of a trial of social intervention in
      families of schizophrenic patients in high social contact with high-expressed
      emotion (EE) relatives. For those patients who remained on antipsychotic
      medication throughout the two years, the social intervention significantly
      reduced the relapse rate. In those experimental families where relatives' EE
      and/or face-to-face contact was lowered, the relapse rate was 14% compared with
      78% for control patients on regular medication (P = 0.02).

PMID- 3893606
TI  - The diagnostic value of synovial biopsy in patients with arthritis of unknown
      cause.
AB  - Synovial biopsy of a knee joint was performed in 59 patients with arthritis of
      unknown cause. Light microscopy revealed a diagnosis in three. A cause became
      apparent in only a further 23 over a prolonged period of follow-up. Neither light
      microscopy, immunofluorescence nor electron microscopy discriminated between te
      principal diagnostic groups. Synovial fluid analysis was better than synovial
      biopsy at predicting osteoarthritis. Five men with giant effusions developed
      osteoarthritis and these might represent an entity. Synovial inflammatory changes
      were less pronounced in those with longer histories. Disease duration and
      activity may have more influence on synovial characteristics than the nature of
      the disorder.

PMID- 3893607
TI  - Antirheumatic medication in pregnancy.
AB  - Drug effects on fetal physiology as well as possible teratogenesis need to be
      considered before prescribing for women of child-bearing age. All nonsteroidal
      anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), because of their suppression of prostaglandin
      synthesis, may prolong gestation and labour. Aspirin is also associated with an
      increased risk of ante- and post-partum haemorrhage. Indomethacin may be
      teratogenic in humans and like aspirin may induce pulmonary hypertension in the
      neonate. To reduce the physiological alterations induced by NSAIDs, short-half
      life drugs such as ibuprofen, flurbiprofen or ketoprofen should be used at the
      maximally tolerable dosage interval. Gold salts and corticosteroids show little
      human evidence of teratogenicity although the largest possible dosage interval of
      gold should be used. D-Penicillamine may be teratogenic thus it should not be
      commenced during pregnancy and if a patient becomes pregnant whilst receiving the
      drug, it should be slowly withdrawn or the dosage reduced. 4-Aminoquinoline
      compounds are contra-indicated in pregnancy.

PMID- 3893608
TI  - Antirheumatic medication during lactation.
AB  - All nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antirheumatic drugs are
      likely to be distributed into human milk to some extent; whether they are
      detected is a function of the assay sensitivity. For minimal infant exposure, the
      ideal drug for lactating women is one which has a short half-life, is found in
      minimal quantities in human milk and has inactive metabolites which also are
      present only in small amounts. In order to reduce the quantity of drug presented
      to the child, the drug should be taken by the mother at the time of breast
      feeding with the next feed occurring after a time period equivalent to one half
      life of the drug. Using the above-mentioned criteria, the choice of NSAIDs would
      be between a short half-life propionic acid derivative, with little
      biotransformation, such as ibuprofen or flurbiprofen. Diclofenac is also
      suitable. Gold salts and corticosteroids would seem safe to prescribe. However,
      the infant should be closely monitored if antimalarials are being used by
      lactating women.

PMID- 3893609
TI  - Television and sex-role acquisition. 1: Content.
AB  - Television has earned considerable public and academic criticism in recent years
      for the alleged bias in its sex-role content. A fundamental concern of many
      critics is with the representation of male and female roles that confronts
      children. This paper reviews the evidence accumulating from numerous content
      analyses of both adult and children's television. Overall, the evidence confirms
      that there are marked differences in the ways the medium presents the sexes.
      These differences are both quantitative and qualitative but the general pattern
      at either level is to present males as dominant and females as nurturant and
      complementary. Some qualifications, exceptions and gaps in the literature are
      discussed. The paper is the first of a three-part review series of television and
      sex-role acquisition: the subsequent papers will review respectively the effects
      of sex-stereotyped TV content upon children and the prospects for counter
      stereotyped programmes aiming to modify young viewers' beliefs and attitudes.

PMID- 3893610
TI  - The old and the new: a study of five contrast media for urography.
AB  - Five contrast media, Conray 280 and 420, Urografin 370, Uromiro Sodium 300 and
      Niopam 370, were compared in a randomised trial involving a total of 482
      patients. The best urographic agent was Conray 420 and the worst Conray 280,
      these control agents defining the ends of the scoring system. Uromiro Sodium 300
      was very nearly as good as Conray 420. A non-ionic agent, Niopam 370, scored
      nearly equal with Urografin 370; both were rather better than Conray 280. There
      was little difference in minor reactions between the media. No reason was found
      to prefer non-ionic to ionic agents for general use in urography; indeed for a
      diagnostic examination the sodium salt of an ionic agent is preferable.

PMID- 3893611
TI  - Oral cholecystography after liver transplantation in man.
AB  - Orthotopic liver transplantation has been performed in Cambridge since 1967. In
      order to prevent complications resulting from the biliary drainage techniques,
      the donor gall bladder was interposed between the donor and recipient common bile
      duct as a vascularised pedical graft. The procedure, first performed in 1976, has
      been employed where possible ever since. Six patients having had this technique
      performed, and who remained well six months to six years after liver graft,
      underwent oral cholecystography. Four patients opacified the interposed gall
      bladder and the gall bladder contracted in response to cholecystography or a
      fatty meal. This is the first time oral cholecystography has been used in these
      patients. The detail is such that it can be used to follow non-jaundiced liver
      grafted patients.

PMID- 3893612
TI  - Real-time sonography of palpable breast masses.
AB  - In order to evaluate the clinical usefulness of an electronic real-time linear
      array scanner in breast diseases, ultrasonography was performed in 148 cases of
      histologically confirmed palpable breast masses. The real-time images were
      observed on a television monitor while moving the hand-held transducer probes
      over the masses. It took only a few minutes to examine and diagnose a palpable
      mass. Among 45 carcinomas, 39 lesions were correctly diagnosed, four lesions were
      not detected by ultrasound and two were misdiagnosed as fibroadenomas. On the
      other hand, ten benign lesions were falsely diagnosed as breast cancers: seven
      mastopathies (including four sclerosing adenosis), two fibroadenomas and one
      abscess. The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing breast cancer were 0.87
      and 0.90 respectively. Real-time sonography is a simple, time-saving and useful
      tool for examining palpable breast masses. However, it should be realised that
      some breast cancers are difficult to image and differentiate from benign lesions.

PMID- 3893613
TI  - A prospective study of thyroid ultrasound scan in the clinically solitary thyroid
      nodule.
AB  - Thyroid ultrasound differentiates solid from cystic lesions, solitary nodules
      from multinodular and diffuse enlargement, and extrathyroidal lesions. Two
      hundred consecutive patients with a clinically solitary thyroid nodule were
      investigated by ultrasound examination, thyroid function test, and thyroid auto
      antibodies. Patients with confirmed solitary solid, or mixed solid and cystic
      nodules underwent surgery as well as those with cysts, multinodular or diffuse
      goitres with pressure symptoms, recurrent haemorrhage or relapsing
      hyperthyroidism. Comparison between the ultrasound and ultimate pathological
      findings in the 101 patients who underwent surgery showed that they were in
      agreement in 96 cases. The remaining 99 patients with cystic, multinodular or
      diffuse lesions have been followed up for a mean of two years. Nearly 50% of
      patients with a clinically solitary thyroid nodule have avoided surgery.

PMID- 3893614
TI  - The cephalic vein as an access route in intravenous digital subtraction
      angiography.

PMID- 3893615
TI  - Unusual antefemoral dissecting cyst.

PMID- 3893616
TI  - Proceedings of the British Medical Ultrasound Society. Sixteenth annual meeting.
      Harrogate, December 11-13, 1984. Abstracts.

PMID- 3893617
TI  - Drainage after cholecystectomy.

PMID- 3893618
TI  - Reversible stenosis of the renal artery following renal transplantation.

PMID- 3893619
TI  - Out-patient treatment of haemorrhoids: a randomized clinical trial to compare
      rubber band ligation with phenol injection.
AB  - A prospective randomized clinical trial comparing rubber band ligation (RBL) with
      phenol injection in 269 patients with symptomatic haemorrhoids presenting to one
      surgical clinic over a 6 year period, has been carried out. Questionnaires were
      completed by 215 patients (106 RBL and 109 injection) with an average follow up
      of 2.75 years. A successful outcome was achieved in 89 per cent of those
      receiving RBL compared with 70 per cent for injection (P less than 0.001). All
      symptoms tended to respond more favourably to RBL, the results achieving
      statistical significance in patients complaining of bleeding and prolapse (P less
      than 0.01 and P less than 0.05 respectively). Complications from either technique
      were minimal. It is concluded that RBL is superior to phenol injection in the out
      patient treatment of haemorrhoids.

PMID- 3893620
TI  - Use of a single layer extramucosal suture for intestinal anastomosis in children.
AB  - We report our experience using an interrupted single layer extramucosal suture
      technique to construct both large and small bowel anastomoses in children. There
      were 75 anastomoses constructed in 68 children without any clinical evidence of a
      leak or any complications attributable to the anastomosis. Function after
      completion of the anastomosis was rapid. The median time for the passage of the
      first stool after operation was 46 h. This technique allowed construction of an
      end to end anastomosis with minimal reduction of the lumen even when there was
      great disproportion between the ends of intestine. It was therefore particularly
      suitable for the anastomosis of bowel of very small calibre.

PMID- 3893621
TI  - A modified anastomosis suturing technique for arterial anastomoses with expanded
      PTFE.

PMID- 3893622
TI  - Colorectal liver metastases--to treat or not to treat?

PMID- 3893623
TI  - Ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of popliteal artery aneurysms.
AB  - Popliteal artery aneurysm is a potentially limb-threating lesion which is
      frequently difficult to diagnose by clinical examination or angiography. The risk
      of limb loss can best be reduced by early diagnosis. Over the past 5 years we
      have prospectively evaluated ultrasound examination of the popliteal space in
      screening patients with clinically suspected popliteal artery aneurysms. One
      hundred patients who were suspected clinically of having a popliteal artery
      aneurysm underwent bilateral ultrasound examination of their popliteal fossae.
      There were 21 patients who had abnormal scans. The problems identified were
      popliteal artery aneurysm in thirteen patients, popliteal artery ectasia in four
      patients, Baker's cyst in two patients, thrombosis in one patient and popliteal
      stenosis in one patient. Eight patients with eleven popliteal artery aneurysms by
      ultrasound also underwent angiography. Seven of the aneurysms were confirmed,
      four were missed. All eleven aneurysms were confirmed at operation. In addition,
      angiography did not demonstrate an aneurysm in any patient with a normal
      ultrasound. This study confirms that ultrasound examination is a quick, accurate,
      and non-invasive method of screening for popliteal artery aneurysms.

PMID- 3893625
TI  - [Profound revolutionary changes in the life of our nation and their reflection in
      health care--the results of 40 years of peaceful reconstruction].

PMID- 3893624
TI  - Influence of rectal washout on bacterial counts in the rectal stump.
AB  - Forty-three patients undergoing a restorative colorectal resection were
      randomized to have their rectal stump washed out with either 0.9 per cent saline,
      2.5 per cent povidone-iodine or 0.3 per cent sodium hypochlorite. The bacterial
      counts before and after washout for Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis
      were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. There was no significant difference
      in the counts for E. coli before and after washout with saline (log 9.7-log 9.7
      organisms/ml) and saline had no influence on the counts of B. fragilis (log 7.9
      log 6.5 organisms/ml). Hypochlorite was associated with a significant reduction
      in E. coli counts (log 6.1-log 1.1 organisms/ml, P less than 0.005) and the
      counts of B. fragilis (log 8.1-log 0.0 organisms/ml, P less than 0.005). The
      counts of B. fragilis were significantly reduced by povidone-iodine (log 8.1-log
      1.1 organisms/ml, P less than 0.005) but there was no significant reduction in
      counts of E. coli (log 5.6-log 5.3 organisms/ml). The data suggest that sodium
      hypochlorite is better than povidone-iodine or saline as a rectal washout for
      colorectal anastomosis.

PMID- 3893626
TI  - [Membership of the National Academy of Medicine as of 1 January 1985].

PMID- 3893627
TI  - [An authorization project relative to the use of technological additives and
      supplements in preserves, jellies, marmalades and other similar products].

PMID- 3893628
TI  - [Cerebral arterial pathology in animals].

PMID- 3893629
TI  - [Cerebral circulation in the genetically hypertensive animal. The role of diet].

PMID- 3893630
TI  - [Molecular and cellular biology of the microvessels of the brain].

PMID- 3893631
TI  - [Risk factors according to arterial location].

PMID- 3893633
TI  - [Emergency cerebrovascular services].

PMID- 3893632
TI  - [What should the physician do when called to an emergency in the home?].

PMID- 3893634
TI  - [Functional rehabilitation and social readaptation of patients with cerebral
      vascular accidents].

PMID- 3893635
TI  - [Cerebrovascular accidents in history].

PMID- 3893636
TI  - [Hormonal influences in testicular tumors].

PMID- 3893637
TI  - [A new electronic sector scanning sonograph: clinical applications].

PMID- 3893638
TI  - [The biological sciences and the medical work of Jean-Baptiste Dumas (1800
      1884)].

PMID- 3893639
TI  - [Psychopharmacological classification of dependence-producing drugs].

PMID- 3893640
TI  - [Means for improving the effectiveness of anti-smoking measures].

PMID- 3893641
TI  - [Eulogy for Roger Froment (1907-1984)].

PMID- 3893642
TI  - [The future of coronary surgery patients].

PMID- 3893643
TI  - [Teaching and control of emergency care: global analysis approach].

PMID- 3893644
TI  - [Pulsed administration of gonadoliberine (GnRH) in the treatment of anovulation].

PMID- 3893645
TI  - [An application for authorization to use diphenylamine for the treatment of
      apples after picking and before their storage in a cold chamber or in controlled
      atmosphere to inhibit scald].

PMID- 3893646
TI  - [Per- and postoperative hemorrhage during ticlopidine therapy].

PMID- 3893648
TI  - Computers and the dentist. Operating systems.

PMID- 3893647
TI  - [Acute epiglottitis in an adult].

PMID- 3893649
TI  - Holidays and leisure time. Do you know how to make the most the them?

PMID- 3893650
TI  - Functional scheduling. Maximizing the role of the appointment book.

PMID- 3893651
TI  - Cervical spondylosis found on pantomographs.

PMID- 3893652
TI  - The dental exposure normalization technique (DENT) program in Alberta.

PMID- 3893653
TI  - In vitro concatemerization of bacteriophage T7 DNA: role of DNA synthesis and
      gene 6 exonuclease.
AB  - The replication of bacteriophage T7 DNA in vivo proceeds via the synthesis of
      complex concatemeric intermediates which are joined via the 160 base pair
      terminal redundancies at either end of the phage chromosome. To gain some insight
      into the mode of generation of these structures, we have examined the role of DNA
      synthesis in the formation of concatemeric bacteriophage T7 DNA in vitro.
      Incubation of mature T7 DNA with T7-infected cell extracts and a deoxynucleoside
      [32P]triphosphate resulted in the incorporation of significant radioactivity into
      the DNA. Highest levels of incorporation were at the termini of the DNA and
      decreased toward the middle of the molecule. Incorporation was dependent upon the
      presence of the activity of the gene 6 exonuclease and correlated with the
      generation of concatemeric DNA. A model explaining the role of exonucleolytic
      degradation and DNA synthesis in the generation of concatemeric DNA is presented.

PMID- 3893654
TI  - The Ayerst Award Lecture 1984. The ribosome: a biochemist's mechano set.
AB  - A ribosome, the cellular site for protein synthesis, is a very complex organelle
      composed of a myriad of macromolecular substructures. As models for this complex
      structure, we have been examining the structures and interactions of eukaryotic
      5S and 5.8S rRNAs using adaptations of rapid RNA gel sequencing techniques.
      Estimates for their higher order structures have been proposed or evaluated,
      sites of interaction with other ribosomal components have been delineated, and
      the topography of these RNAs within the intact ribosome or 60S subunit have been
      examined. The results indicate that a universal structure for the ribosomal RNAs
      may only be present within the ribosome, that these molecules are probably
      present, at least in part, within the ribosomal interface, and that the bases for
      interactions with other ribosomal components are strongly dependent on their
      higher order structure. The experimental approaches which underlie these studies
      are considered in this review and the significance of the results with respect to
      the function and evolution of the ribosome are briefly discussed.

PMID- 3893655
TI  - 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 enables regenerating liver cells to make
      functional ribonucleotide reductase subunits and replicate DNA in
      thyroparathyroidectomized rats.
AB  - Between 16 and 20 h after partial (70%) hepatectomy (HPX) in normal rats, the
      remaining liver cells accumulate ribonucleotide reductase subunits, assemble
      these into active holoenzyme, and initiate DNA replication. These late
      prereplicative activities did not occur in most of the liver cells remaining
      after HPX in rats which had been thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) 72 h
      previously. However, one intraperitoneal injection of 400 or 600 ng 1 alpha,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3/100 g body weight at the time of HPX enabled the remaining
      liver cells in such TPTX rats to make functional ribonucleotide reductase
      subunits, assemble these subunits into active CDP-reducing holoenzymes, and
      replicate their DNA, though they started to do so 4 to 16 h later than in normal
      animals.

PMID- 3893656
TI  - Incorporation of glucose into glycogen in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Glucose may be incorporated into glycogen both by an indirect pathway that
      involves the metabolism of glucose to C3 intermediates prior to incorporation
      into glycogen and by a direct mechanisms that utilizes the sequence glucose---
      glucose-6-P----glucose-1-P----UDP-glucose----glycogen. Studies were carried out
      to determine the major pathway in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. When cells
      were incubated with medium containing [3-3H]- and [14C(U)]-glucose the ratio of
      3H/14C in glycogen was 70-80% of that of the glucose in the medium. This ratio
      was unaffected by increases in glucose concentration or insulin, both of which
      promoted large increases in the incorporation of glucose into glycogen. Relative
      3H/14C ratios in glycogen of 25-30% were observed when [2-3H]- and [14C(U)]
      glucose was employed; this ratio was doubled in the presence of 2-deoxyglucose or
      sorbitol, each of which inhibits phosphohexose isomerase. It is concluded that
      about 75% of the glucose undergoes isomerization between glucose-6-P and fructose
      6-P, while about 25% is further glycolysed to C3 intermediates, prior to
      incorporation. Lactate added to the medium was incorporated into glycogen to an
      extent of only 20% of that of glucose. However, the presence of lactate resulted
      in a large increase in the incorporation of glucose into glycogen. Little net
      deposition of glycogen was observed in these studies. It is concluded that
      cultured hepatocytes may be a model for the fed organism, and in this condition
      the direct pathway for the incorporation of glucose into glycogen was
      predominant.

PMID- 3893657
TI  - Computerized review of factual information in nursing education.

PMID- 3893658
TI  - Design and development of cognitive mastery testing using an authoring system.

PMID- 3893659
TI  - A survey study of computers in nursing education.

PMID- 3893660
TI  - Antigenic variants of rabies virus in isolates from eastern, central and northern
      Canada.
AB  - Street rabies virus isolated from 51 specimens from Ontario, Quebec, Manitoba and
      the Northwest Territories have been typed by a panel of 36 antinucleocapsid
      monoclonal antibodies. Three main groups were found. The first group comprised
      those terrestrial mammals originating in Ontario, Quebec and the Northwest
      Territories. The second group was found in terrestrial mammals from Manitoba. The
      third heterogenous group was made up of bats from Ontario.

PMID- 3893661
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona.
AB  - Three monoclonal antibodies produced against Leptospira interrogans serovar
      pomona have been studied for their diagnostic usefulness. All three monoclonals
      reacted strongly in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect
      fluorescent antibody test with serovar pomona and did not react with serovars
      grippotyphosa, canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae and hardjo.

PMID- 3893662
TI  - Campylobacter fetus in artificial insemination unit and slaughterhouse bulls in
      Ontario.
AB  - Preputial fluid samples were collected from 90 bulls in two Ontario artificial
      insemination units using a penial glove swab technique previously developed by
      one of us for use in donor bulls. No Campylobacter fetus organisms were
      identified from the prepuce or from samples of semen collected at the same time
      from these bulls. The distal genitalia of 200 bulls were collected at a slaughter
      house. One isolation of a Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis was obtained
      on a culture from the fornix area of the prepuce of one of these bulls.

PMID- 3893663
TI  - Studies on Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (LC) in lambs and calves.
AB  - Six cesarean-derived lambs were inoculated either with 4.5 X 10(4), 4.5 X 10(6)
      or 4.5 X 10(8) Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides intratracheally. One animal
      receiving the intermediate dose died four days post-inoculation, the two
      receiving the high dose died six days postinoculation, while one receiving the
      low dose died eight days postinoculation. The two surviving lambs were challenged
      on day 20 postinoculation with 1 X 10(8) organisms subcutaneously and 2 X 10(9)
      organisms intravenously. One animal died eight days following this challenge
      while the other survived and was killed. Six conventionally reared lambs
      challenged with 90 to 8500 organisms by intranasal and intraocular instillation
      failed to become infected. Three conventionally reared calves were each
      inoculated with 1 X 10(8) organisms by each of intratracheal, subcutaneous and
      intravenous routes. They were killed 20 days post-inoculation without having
      shown any clinical signs.

PMID- 3893664
TI  - Sensorimotor perineuritis--an autoimmune disease?
AB  - The literature contains a single description of sensory perineuritis (Asbury et
      al 1972). These patients demonstrated a painful, distal, sensory neuropathy, and
      examination of peripheral nerve biopsies revealed focal thickening and
      inflammatory infiltrates of the perineurium. We report a patient with
      sensorimotor peripheral nerve dysfunction, accompanied by progressive slowing of
      nerve conduction velocity. Examination of a sural nerve biopsy demonstrated focal
      thickening of the perineurium, inflammatory infiltrates, and necrosis of
      perineurial cells. Immunohistology revealed a patchy precipitation of IgG and IgM
      on perineurial cells. Ultrastructurally, mononuclear cells were found adjacent to
      perineurial cells undergoing necrosis. The patient showed gradual improvement
      partially coinciding with a course of steroid therapy. We suggest that this
      neuropathy is caused by damage to the perineurial barrier possibly by an immune
      mediated destruction of perineurial cells and subsequent compression of the
      endoneurial content by perineurial scarring.

PMID- 3893665
TI  - Endoscopic control of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
AB  - One important objective in managing patients with upper gastrointestinal
      hemorrhage is to control the bleeding until the patient's condition is stable and
      definitive therapy can be carried out. Endoscopic techniques are now available to
      attain this goal. Endoscopic sclerosis has become an accepted treatment for
      bleeding esophageal varices, especially in patients with Child's class B or C
      cirrhosis. Control of nonvariceal bleeding by endoscopic techniques is now
      feasible and involves laser photocoagulation and electrocoagulation. Clinical
      experience with endoscopic laser photocoagulation has demonstrated that it can
      successfully arrest bleeding in gastric and duodenal ulcers. Endoscopic
      electrocoagulation has been successful in stopping bleeding from Mallory-Weiss
      tears, acute gastric erosions, and gastric, duodenal and stomal ulcers. Use of an
      endoscopic heater probe, now in the development stage, to control bleeding
      gastric and duodenal ulcers will be an important addition.

PMID- 3893666
TI  - Management of chronic perineal sinuses by wide excision and split-thickness skin
      grafting.
AB  - Nine patients who had chronic perineal sinuses following proctectomy for
      inflammatory bowel disease underwent wide excision of the sinus and split
      thickness skin grafting. All patients had persistent pain and discharge. All but
      one had undergone multiple surgical procedures previously. Fibrous tissue was
      excised from the sinus tract and the wound was grafted either immediately (six
      patients) or at a later date (three patients). Five patients had complete healing
      of the wound initially while four required further procedures. Eight patients
      have been followed up for an average of 4.6 years (range from 5 months to 12
      years). Complete healing was achieved in seven patients; all are free of pain and
      can work or are unrestricted in their daily activities. One patient is improved
      but still requires analgesia and is disabled by the persistent pelvic pain.

PMID- 3893667
TI  - Hair analysis--a critical review.
AB  - The analysis of hair for trace elements is potentially a safe, noninvasive and
      extremely useful diagnostic tool, but it has not yet been proven to be reliable
      or to reflect the status of trace elements elsewhere in the body. As well, little
      is known about the normal ranges of concentrations of elements in the hair or
      about the physiologic and pharmacologic factors that affect the concentrations.
      Until these problems have been resolved satisfactorily the diagnostic use of hair
      analysis performed by commercial laboratories cannot be justified in clinical
      practice.

PMID- 3893669
TI  - NCI offering computer database on cancer research.

PMID- 3893668
TI  - Early-stage Hodgkin's disease: current approaches to treatment.
AB  - Most patients with early-stage Hodgkin's disease can now be cured by one of
      several therapeutic approaches. This review highlights the developments in the
      diagnosis and treatment of the disease that have led to long-term survival rates
      greater than 90%. Past and present radio-therapy (RT) planning and treatment
      practices are discussed in the context of both clinical and pathological staging.
      The role of initial bimodal therapy (RT and chemotherapy [CT]) and the use of CT
      in patients who suffer relapse after initial treatment with RT alone are
      reviewed. On the basis of prognostic factors, subgroups of patients for whom
      bimodal therapy is recommended, including those with a bulky mediastinal mass,
      have now been identified. Although treatment is highly successful, debilitating
      consequences of RT and CT, such as infertility, infection and second malignant
      diseases, remain. Newer treatment regimens may reduce morbidity and have similar
      or better long-term results with respect to survival and quality of life.

PMID- 3893670
TI  - Computer diagnostics: technology of the future.

PMID- 3893671
TI  - Are physicians learning from what they read in journals?

PMID- 3893672
TI  - How safe is diagnostic ultrasonography?

PMID- 3893673
TI  - President-elect indefatigable student of people and politics. Interview by David
      Woods.

PMID- 3893674
TI  - Pollen allergens and their interrelationships.

PMID- 3893675
TI  - Fungus allergens.

PMID- 3893676
TI  - Food allergens.

PMID- 3893677
TI  - Respiratory responses to inhaled small organic molecules and related agents
      encountered in the workplace.

PMID- 3893679
TI  - Family breakdown and its effects on emotional disorders in children.
AB  - The increase in the incidence of divorce and some of its causes are discussed.
      The literature relating to the effects of divorce on the emotional health of
      children is reviewed. It is suggested that the increase of divorce may account
      for the recent increase in certain emotional disorders in children. Various
      strategies to protect the children from the adverse effects of divorce are
      discussed.

PMID- 3893678
TI  - Allergenic impact of inhaled arthropod material.

PMID- 3893680
TI  - Multiple daily fractionated radiation therapy and misonidazole in the management
      of malignant astrocytoma. A preliminary report.
AB  - Various attempts have been made to improve the effectiveness of radiation in the
      treatment of cerebral malignant astrocytomas. A trend favoring multiple daily
      fractionated (MDF) radiation therapy over conventional single daily fractionated
      (CF) radiation therapy was identified in our previous study. In order to assess
      the effect of MDF with and without misonidazole, a province-wide prospective
      randomized trial was initiated in January 1981. By March 1984, 124 patients with
      histologically verified grade III and IV astrocytomas were randomized to CF (5800
      cGy/6 weeks/30 fractions), MDF (6141 cGy/4.5 weeks/69 fractions at 89 cGy every 3
      4 hours, three times a day) and MDF in combination with misonidazole (1.25 g/m2
      three times weekly for the first 3 weeks). Thirty-eight patients were randomized
      to CF, 43 patients to MDF, and 43 patients to MDF and misonidazole. At the
      preliminary assessment in July 1984, the median survival time was 27 weeks for
      the CF group, 39 weeks for the MDF group and 49 weeks for MDF and misonidazole
      group. The 1-year actuarial survival rate from surgery was 20% for CF group, 41%
      for MDF group, and 45% for MDF and misonidazole group. There is a statistically
      significant difference (P less than 0.001) between the CF and MDF group. However,
      the addition of misonidazole does not significantly alter survival.

PMID- 3893681
TI  - VP-16-213 in the treatment of stage III and IV diffuse large cell lymphoma.
AB  - Between 1975 and 1979, 81 consecutive patients with clinical Stage III or IV
      diffuse large cell lymphoma were randomized to prospectively receive the
      epipodophyllotoxin VP-16-213 as a single agent (Group 1: n = 25), or an
      equivalent quantity of the same drug combined with either cyclophosphamide (Group
      2: n = 24), or doxorubicin (Group 3: n = 32). In previously untreated patients
      complete remission rates were 55% for Group 1, 29% for Group 2, and 62% for Group
      3, with further partial remission in 22%, 12%, and 13%, and overall median
      survival for the three groups being 19 months, 5 months, and 19 months,
      respectively. There was no difference between Group 1 and Group 3, whereas the
      cyclophosphamide-containing regimen (Group 2) was clearly inferior (P less than
      0.01). Survival was adversely affected by failure to achieve complete remission,
      prior chemotherapy, and the presence of high bulk disease. No statistically
      significant correlation could be demonstrated between survival and histologic
      subtype, differences between Stage III and IV disease, and invasion of either the
      bone marrow or gastrointestinal tract. The epipodophyllotoxin VP-16-213 is an
      active agent in patients with advanced stages of diffuse large cell lymphoma. The
      inferior results obtained when combined with cyclophosphamide remain unexplained.
      The inclusion of previously treated patients in the series suggested a
      superiority for combining the epipodophyllotoxin VP-16-213 with doxorubicin,
      since a higher percentage achieved complete remission, median duration of
      survival was longer, and a great number of individuals remain disease-free. When
      re-analysed excluding previously treated patients, these differences are no
      longer evident and the combination is not statistically superior to the
      epipodophyllotoxin alone.

PMID- 3893682
TI  - The interaction of Kaposi's sarcoma with monoclonal antibodies to human sarcoma
      and connective tissue differentiation antigens.
AB  - Four monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) previously generated against human soft tissue
      sarcomas and reacting with connective tissue differentiation antigens were
      evaluated for their interaction with tissues obtained from patients with classic
      Kaposi's sarcoma. Biopsy was performed on active neoplastic lesions from the skin
      of 26 patients, frozen sections were prepared, and the binding of the McAbs was
      tested using the indirect immunofluorescence assay. Clinically uninvolved skin
      from the same patients as well as skin and muscle from eight non-cancer patients
      were treated similarly and served as controls. McAbs IXG11, 23H7, IIIE5, and 15G5
      interacted strongly with the Kaposi's sarcoma lesions and weakly with the
      uninvolved skin in 22 of 26 (84%), 23 of 26 (88%), 12 of 14 (85%), and 1 of 6
      (16%) of the patients, respectively. IXG11, 23H7, and IIIE5 interacted weakly
      with the skin of seven of eight non-cancer patients. McAb 15G5 was found to bind
      strongly to tumor lesions, to the respective uninvolved skin in four of five
      Kaposi's sarcoma patients, and also to skin and connective tissues of muscle from
      non-cancer patients. The mode of interaction was morphologically different for
      each McAb. It is suggested that McAbs IXG11, 23H7 and IIIE5 identify markers
      whose expression is markedly increased in Kaposi's sarcoma lesions as compared
      with uninvolved skin of the same patients. These markers may serve as immunologic
      probes for the investigation of this neoplastic process.

PMID- 3893683
TI  - The role of cell adhesion proteins--laminin and fibronectin--in the movement of
      malignant and metastatic cells.
AB  - Metastasizing tumor cells must traverse diverse extracellular matrices during
      dissemination. Extracellular matrices consist of two basic types, interstitial
      stroma and basement membranes. Extracellular matrices are chemically complex
      structures that interact with cell surfaces by a number of mechanisms. There has
      been a great deal of effort in recent years to understand the molecular nature of
      extracellular matrices, especially as it relates to the adhesion of normal and
      malignant cell types. Adhesive noncollagenous glycoproteins, such as laminin and
      fibronectin, serve pivotal roles in basement membrane and stromal matrices,
      respectively. These proteins participate in establishing the architecture of
      extracellular matrices as well as in attaching to the surface of cells and
      affecting cellular phenotype. This phenotypic effect ranges from adhesion and
      motility to growth and differentiation. Changes in adhesive characteristics and
      motility of cells have long been suspected to play a role in mediating the spread
      of malignant neoplasms. This article is designed to review extracellular matrix
      constituents that are currently known that can mediate the adhesion and motility
      of malignant neoplasms. The adhesion of normal and malignant cells to matrices is
      a complex process mediated by several distinct mechanisms which are initially
      manifested by changes in cytoskeletal architecture. The topic of normal and
      malignant cell adhesion to matrices will also be discussed in this regard, since
      any explanation of tumor cell migration must account for the complex dynamic
      interactions of the cell surface with the substratum as well as with the
      cytoskeleton. Finally, current efforts designed to understand the molecular
      nature of tumor cell:matrix interactions that contribute to metastatic behavior
      will also be discussed. The rationale behind these studies is that selective
      inhibition of specific tumor:extracellular matrix interactions can provide an
      avenue for therapeutic intervention of metastatic cancer.

PMID- 3893684
TI  - Patterns of metastasis and natural courses of breast carcinoma.
AB  - Breast carcinoma is known to metastatize to all organs. In order to understand
      the patterns of spread and natural courses, this review summarizes detailed
      studies of patients with various stages of the disease. After treatment of early
      breast carcinoma (stage I, II, and some III), the recurrent lesion can be
      classified as local, regional, distant, or combinations thereof. The sites of
      dissemination of patients presenting with stage IV disease and of those who had
      autopsy after diagnosis of breast cancer are presented for comparison.
      Clinicopathological factors that influence the relative incidence, specific site,
      subsequent event, and prognosis of recurrent and metastatic breast cancers are
      discussed.

PMID- 3893686
TI  - Hyperthermia in cancer therapy: the biological basis and unresolved questions.

PMID- 3893685
TI  - Quantitative genetic analysis of tumor progression.
AB  - Metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy are common features of progressed
      cancers. With respect to the latter phenotype, it is thought that during tumor
      growth drug-resistant cells arise spontaneously at rates characteristic of the
      genetic alterations involved. On application of chemotherapy, such variant tumor
      cells are more likely to survive, and they may eventually dominate, resulting in
      a non-responsive malignancy. Aspects of this model have been confirmed in a
      number of experimental systems and in patients. In contrast to our understanding
      of drug resistance, steps involved in the progression to metastatic spread of
      tumor cells are much less well-understood. In this review we describe
      methodologies of quantitative genetic analysis with reference to development of
      drug resistance. We then describe attempts by ourselves and others to use a
      similar approach to investigate metastatic properties. Based on these studies, we
      have proposed the quantitative 'dynamic heterogeneity' model of tumor metastasis,
      which is presented here. Using an 'experimental' metastasis assay and Luria
      Delbruck fluctuation analysis, we determined that in murine KHT fibrosarcoma and
      B16 melanoma lines, 'metastatic' variants with a distinct phenotype are generated
      at high rates. These variants are relatively unstable resulting in a dynamic
      equilibrium between generation and loss of metastatic variants. The metastatic
      ability of such a tumor population is thus dependent on the frequency of a
      subpopulation of metastatic variants which are turning over rapidly. This dynamic
      heterogeneity model is able to quantitatively provide a unifying explanation for
      a wide range of observations concerning tumor heterogeneity and clonal
      instability. Genetic mechanisms involving rapid rates have been characterized in
      drug-resistant variants. We speculate that similar processes may be involved in
      different aspects of tumor progression such as those resulting in metastasis.

PMID- 3893687
TI  - Cathepsin B-like activity in viable tumor cells isolated from rodent tumors.
AB  - The cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase activity which has been implicated in
      tumor malignancy has been attributed to several cellular sources, including
      viable tumor cells, necrotic tumor cells, and host-inflammatory cells. We have
      isolated subpopulations of cells from eight rodent tumors of five histological
      types, using centrifugal elutriation, and verified the cellular composition of
      the subpopulations cytologically. Ninety-two % or greater of the cathepsin B-like
      activity was associated with the isolated fractions containing greater than or
      equal to 95% tumor cells of 86 +/- 2% (SE) viability (beta fractions). The
      isolated fractions consisting of necrotic tumor cells and inflammatory cells
      (alpha fraction) apparently contain a cysteine proteinase inhibitor, since both
      cathepsin B-like and cathepsin H activities in the beta fraction of B16
      amelanotic melanomas could be inhibited by addition of the alpha fraction.

PMID- 3893688
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of ganglioside GD3 in human malignant melanoma,
      epithelial tumors, and normal tissues.
AB  - The specific tissue distribution of melanoma-associated ganglioside II3-alpha-N
      acetylneuraminosyl-alpha 2----8-N-acetylneuraminosyllactosylceramide (GD3) was
      studied on 175 cryopreserved, unfixed human tissue sections with R-24 mouse
      monoclonal antibody by indirect immunoperoxidase staining. A striking specificity
      of monoclonal antibody R-24 for malignant melanoma tissues was established.
      Ganglioside GD3 was detected in all 21 tissue sections of 21 patients with
      primary melanoma and in all 37 probes of 24 patients with metastatic malignant
      melanoma. The majority of tumor cells in the samples of primary malignant
      melanoma expressed GD3; however, GD3 expression was more heterogeneous in samples
      of metastatic lesions even in different metastases of the same patient. Of 11
      nevi, 9 reacted with monoclonal antibody R-24, while melanocytes in the basal
      layer of normal skin stained only weakly and irregularly. None of the 32 normal
      and 12 fetal human tissue types were R-24 positive, but a strong cytoplasmic
      staining was observed with single cells in the dermis and in the interstitial
      tissue of the gastrointestinal tract, in the interlobular septa of the thymus,
      and in other distinct locations. Only two malignant carcinoid tumors of 38
      nonmelanomatous tumors tested reacted with monoclonal antibody R-24.

PMID- 3893689
TI  - Successful immunotherapy of murine experimental hepatic metastases with
      lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin 2.
AB  - Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells are generated in vitro by the incubation
      of normal murine splenocytes in interleukin 2. We have shown previously that the
      systemic injection of LAK cells in conjunction with recombinant interleukin 2 can
      reduce the number of established pulmonary metastases in mice. In an attempt to
      study this approach in the treatment of hepatic metastases, we developed a
      technique for the induction of hepatic metastases in mice based on the
      intrasplenic injection of tumor cells and have tested the effects of LAK cells
      and recombinant interleukin 2 produced in Escherichia coli (RIL-2) therapy on
      these metastases. Treatment with LAK cells alone in 14 consecutive experiments
      rarely produced significant reduction in metastases over control (mean percentage
      reduction, 12%). Therapy with RIL-2 alone produced a dose-dependent reduction in
      the number of liver metastases. In 20 consecutive experiments when RIL-2 was
      administered i.p. three times a day at doses varying from 1,000 to 5,000, 10,000
      to 15,000, and 25,000 units, a statistically significant (P less than 0.05)
      reduction in liver metastases was seen in 2 of 12, 2 of 4, and 8 of 12
      determinations, respectively (percentage reduction, 0 to 97; mean, 42%). At doses
      greater than 25,000 units, the reduction in metastases was highly reproducible
      (percentage reduction, 66 to 95; mean, 83%) and was statistically significant in
      14 of 14 determinations. When LAK cells were given i.v. in addition to RIL-2
      administration in 16 consecutive experiments, the percentage reduction in liver
      metastases was markedly increased over that seen with RIL-2 alone (mean
      percentage reduction, 77% at doses of 5,000 to 25,000 units of RIL-2 and mean
      reduction, 97% for doses greater than 25,000 units of RIL-2). At doses of 5,000,
      10,000, 25,000, and greater than 25,000 units of RIL-2 plus LAK cells,
      significant reduction of liver metastases (P less than 0.05) was achieved in 3 of
      7, 2 of 2, 8 of 8, and 6 of 6 determinations, respectively. When animals were
      given fresh splenocytes or splenocytes cultured in complete medium without RIL-2
      instead of LAK cells, no reduction in liver metastases was seen except for that
      attributable to the administration of RIL-2 alone. Sublethal total body
      irradiation of the mice prior to therapy abrogated the therapeutic effects of RIL
      2, but the effects of treatment with LAK cells plus RIL-2 were maintained. Thus,
      treatment with RIL-2 alone or in combination with LAK cells is effective in
      reducing the number of established hepatic micrometastases in a murine
      model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3893690
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies directed against preneoplastic and neoplastic murine
      mammary lesions.
AB  - We have produced a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against a
      dimethylbenzanthracene-induced murine mammary tumor. Five rat-mouse hybridomas
      produced antibodies that bound to some murine mammary tumors, but not to normal
      renal adherent cells, lymphocytes, 3T3 fibroblasts, red blood cells, or mammary
      gland. One of these antibodies, designated AMT8, was selected for further
      evaluation based on its relatively strong reactivity, as determined by
      immunofluorescence. Indirect immunofluorescent studies on frozen histological
      tissue sections and quantitative immunofluorescent binding studies on cultured
      normal and tumor cells revealed that AMT8 was bound to certain murine mammary
      tumors and their preneoplastic hyperplastic nodules, but not to normal murine
      organs including normal mammary glands. Two tumors and their hyperplastic
      alveolar nodule counterparts that contained the antigen recognized by AMT8 did
      not express functional estrogen and progesterone receptors, indicating that
      antigen expression was not dependent on functional receptors. The antigen
      recognized did not cap, was found to modulate slowly, and was reexpressed in the
      presence of excess AMT8. From these findings, we conclude that AMT8 may prove to
      be a valuable tool for the study of early mammary tumorigenesis.

PMID- 3893691
TI  - Assessment of serum radioimmune and enzymatic prostatic acid phosphatase and
      radioimmune creatine kinase BB for monitoring response to therapy in metastatic
      prostatic carcinoma.
AB  - Objective documentation of tumor response in patients with metastatic prostatic
      cancer is difficult. To evaluate a radioimmunoassay for creatine kinase BB, two
      commercial radioimmunoassays for prostatic acid phosphatase, and an enzymatic
      acid phosphatase measurement in monitoring the status of advanced prostatic
      carcinoma, we assayed sera from 34 patients with Stage D-2 disease prior to and
      during systemic treatment with combination chemotherapy or hormonal manipulation.
      Prior to treatment, the creatine kinase BB level was elevated less often (48%)
      than all three assays for acid phosphatase (83 to 91%). During therapy, all four
      test results both increased and decreased whether the patients were responding to
      or progressing on therapy. Test results usually declined when patients had
      documented responses to therapy, particularly when hormonal therapy was used.
      However, when patients progressed on therapy, test results also declined at least
      as often as they increased. No test was consistent enough to serve as a sole
      indication of tumor response. The three acid phosphatase assays performed
      similarly, with no evident advantage of radioimmunoassay over the enzymatic
      assay. Creatine kinase BB was generally inferior to all three acid phosphatase
      assays.

PMID- 3893692
TI  - Clonogenic and nonclonogenic in vitro chemosensitivity assays.
AB  - We need practical laboratory methods for predicting the chemosensitivity of human
      neoplasms. Over the past 20 years, numerous investigators have implied or stated
      with increasing certitude that clonogenic assays are the most valid (or only
      valid) approach to predictive chemosensitivity testing. We feel that this point
      of view may have insufficient scientific validity and may be harmful to progress
      in this area. In addition to well-known technical problems, there are serious
      theoretical problems with clonogenic assays. These include the disruption of
      normal cell-to-cell interactions, the possibility that true tumor stem cells may
      be largely nondividing (G0) cells, while cells forming colonies are exclusively
      dividing cells, the possibility that clonogenic cells may largely represent cells
      which are not true stem cells, and the fact that clonogenic assays have the
      ability to measure cell kill over a narrow log range, while meaningful clinical
      responses require a multiple-log cell kill. This latter fact mandates the use of
      unrealistically low drug concentrations to avoid excessive false-positive
      results. Neither theoretical concepts, direct experimental data, nor clinical
      correlations support the alleged superiority of clonogenic assays. Clonogenic
      assays may not be advantageous compared to other more practical methods of
      estimating the general chemosensitivity of proliferating cells. In contrast,
      there is a growing body of literature which indicates that early evidence of cell
      damage in the entire tumor cell population may accurately predict for a multiple
      log stem cell kill and meaningful clinical response. Future studies should
      continue to develop and test assays based on alternative methods for detecting
      cell kill in the proliferating and total tumor cell populations.

PMID- 3893693
TI  - Comparative pharmacokinetics and metabolism of doxorubicin and epirubicin in
      patients with metastatic breast cancer.
AB  - We have studied the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of epirubicin (4'
      epidoxorubicin), as compared to those of doxorubicin, in a total of 16 patients
      with metastatic breast cancer. Epirubicin metabolism markedly differs from that
      of doxorubicin, in that large amounts of glucuronides of epirubicinol and
      epirubicin were observed in plasma as well as in urine samples. The total plasma
      clearance of epirubicin was significantly higher than that of doxorubicin; this
      was interpreted as due to an increase of the distribution volume of epirubicin,
      since the terminal plasma half-lives of both drugs were similar. No significant
      modifications were observed in patients with hepatic metastases. The differences
      in the pharmacokinetic and metabolic properties of the two drugs may be
      responsible for the differences in toxicity that have been noticed between them
      in previous phase I and II studies.

PMID- 3893694
TI  - Methotrexate: bioavailability and pharmacokinetics.
AB  - Six adult patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated
      with single low doses of methotrexate (MTX) (30 mg/m2) iv, im, and orally in the
      form of commercial tablets. A randomized crossover design was employed. Plasma
      concentrations were measured by a modified EMIT assay over a period of 24 hours
      following each dose. The mean (+/- SD) parameters following iv MTX were as
      follows: total-body clearance, 124 (36) ml/minute; Vss, 0.56 (0.18) L/kg; V
      lambda, 0.69 (0.24) L/kg; and beta-half-life, 3.20 hours. The absolute systemic
      bioavailability of the oral tablets was 36% (+/- 10%). After im administration,
      the systemic bioavailability was 93% (+/- 14%). Dose-dependent gastrointestinal
      absorption is suggested as the mechanism for the low availability of the oral
      tablets. Administration of MTX by the oral route will require further study to
      determine the optimal method of dosing.

PMID- 3893695
TI  - Phase II trial of carboplatin in advanced breast carcinoma: a Cancer and Leukemia
      Group B Study.

PMID- 3893696
TI  - Embolotherapy of a mycotic pseudoaneurysm of the internal mammary artery in
      chronic granulomatous disease.
AB  - We report a case demonstrating an unusual and previously unpublished complication
      of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), that is massive hemorrhage from a mycotic
      pseudoaneurysm of the left internal mammary due to invasive Aspergillus fumigatus
      of the anterior chest wall. This brief report further illustrates the
      angiographic diagnosis and embolotherapeutic control of a mycotic pseudoaneurysm
      of the internal mammary artery.

PMID- 3893697
TI  - Quantitative ascending aortic Doppler blood velocity in normal human subjects.
AB  - We have developed digital, Apple II microcomputer-based methods for the numerical
      analysis of pulsed, range-gated, ultrasonic Doppler blood velocity signals. These
      methods were then used to analyse Doppler data recorded every 5 ms from the
      ascending aorta via the suprasternal notch in normal subjects ranging in age from
      3 to 62 years. Normal values for peak velocity, the integral of velocity over the
      time of systole, and the rate of change of velocity in early ejection are
      reported. It was found that, after an initial step increase, the velocity of
      blood flow in early ejection increased in a linear manner in more than two thirds
      of the individual beats analysed. The time for which the linear acceleration in
      the aorta was constant (circa 50 ms) was unrelated to the age or size of the
      subject.

PMID- 3893698
TI  - Simultaneous Doppler blood velocity measurements from aorta and radial artery in
      normal human subjects.
AB  - We used two independent, pulsed, range-gated, ultrasonic, Doppler blood velocity
      meters to record blood velocities in the aorta and a peripheral artery in 32
      normal subjects aged 8 to 62 years. Aortic signals were obtained from an
      unfocussed transducer in the suprasternal notch using a 2.25 MHz instrument.
      Simultaneous tracings were obtained from the radial or posterior tibial artery
      using an 8 MHz instrument. The audio Doppler signals were subjected to spectral
      analysis and mean velocity was calculated at 5 ms intervals during 11 successive
      heart beats at each site. The increase in mean velocity at the start of systole
      in the aorta followed a linear pattern for the first 45 ms of ejection in two
      thirds of the beats, irrespective of the age or size of the subject. A similar
      linear velocity increase in early systole was seen in the peripheral arterial
      signals after a delay due to the time taken for the flow wave to pass to the
      periphery. Thus the constant acceleration seen in aortic blood velocity tracings
      is transmitted to peripheral arteries in an attenuated and delayed but
      undistorted form.

PMID- 3893699
TI  - Two-dimensional in vivo pressure/diameter relationships in the canine main
      pulmonary artery.
AB  - Ultrasonic measurement of blood flow within the main pulmonary artery (MPA)
      requires a precise knowledge of the mean blood velocity within this vessel and
      the cross-sectional area (CSA). Small conformational changes in the elliptical
      shape of the MPA have substantial effects on the calculation of CSA and,
      subsequently, flow. We examined the extent of these changes by measuring the
      pulsatile and mean elliptical dimensions of the MPA in nine anaesthetised, open
      chested, mechanically ventilated mongrel dogs using two pairs of 10 MHz
      ultrasonic, piezoelectric crystals. These custom-made devices were sutured to the
      PA adventitia along the long and short cross-sectional axes 2 cm distal to the
      pulmonary valve. Axial dimensions were collected during normal, elevated (via
      noradrenaline and fluid additions) and reduced (via exsanguination) PA pressures.
      We confirmed the linear pressure/diameter response in 15/18 axial data sets (r
      greater than 0.80). Further, the linear axial responses of the long and short
      diameters were parallel (7/9, p less than 0.05) and have different zero-pressure
      intercepts (7/9, p less than 0.0001). A mathematical consequence of this
      parallelism is predictable, although non-constant, eccentricity. Finally, error
      analysis of multi-axial measurement techniques were shown to improve CSA accuracy
      by as much as 50% when compared with uni-axial determinations.

PMID- 3893700
TI  - Evaluation of ciclopirox olamine cream for the treatment of tinea pedis:
      multicenter, double-blind comparative studies.
AB  - In two multicenter, double-blind studies, ciclopirox olamine cream 1% was
      compared with either its cream vehicle or with 1% clotrimazole cream for the
      treatment of patients with tinea pedis. Evaluations were made before treatment,
      weekly for four weeks during treatment, and for two weeks posttreatment.
      Ciclopirox olamine cream was significantly more effective clinically (P less than
      0.001) and mycologically (P less than 0.05) than its vehicle. Ciclopirox olamine
      was also superior to the marketed imidazole, 1% clotrimazole cream. Significantly
      more patients treated with ciclopirox olamine (P less than 0.05) than those
      treated with clotrimazole achieved clinical and mycological cures. Both products
      were well tolerated.

PMID- 3893701
TI  - A double-blind comparison of the new ibuprofen-codeine phosphate combination,
      zomepirac, and placebo in the relief of postepisiotomy pain.
AB  - In a double-blind, single-dose study, the analgesic effect of a combined
      ibuprofen-codeine phosphate preparation was compared with those of zomepirac and
      placebo in 127 patients with moderate or severe postepisiotomy pain. Both the
      combination and zomepirac were significantly more effective than placebo for up
      to six hours, but the onset of action of the combination was more rapid than that
      of zomepirac. The study was notable for the virtual absence of side effects.

PMID- 3893702
TI  - Clinical trial of cefotaxime in patients with typhoid fever.
AB  - In 45 patients in whom typhoid fever was confirmed by culture of a blood sample,
      cefotaxime (1 gm BID) was administered intravenously for four days; if
      defervescence did not occur by day 5, the dosage was increased to 2 gm BID until
      defervescence, when it was reduced to 1 gm BID until discharge. On average,
      defervescence occurred on day 7 (range, day 3 to day 14), requiring a total dose
      of 31 gm (range, 12 to 60 gm) of cefotaxime. Relapse, occurring in three
      patients, was treated with co-trimoxazole. The duration of cefotaxime therapy was
      longer than therapy with chloramphenicol but without the risk of bone marrow
      depression.

PMID- 3893703
TI  - A double-blind comparison of clebopride and placebo in dyspepsia secondary to
      delayed gastric emptying.
AB  - Seventy-six patients suffering from dyspeptic symptoms secondary to
      roentgenologically demonstrated delayed gastric emptying were treated with
      clebopride (0.5 mg TID) or with placebo during a three-month double-blind trial.
      Clebopride was more effective (P less than or equal to 0.001) than placebo in
      reducing or relieving symptoms and roentgenological findings associated with
      delayed gastric emptying. No interactions of clebopride with concomitant drugs or
      coexisting disorders were observed, and the incidence of side effects was low. We
      conclude that clebopride will be beneficial in the management of patients with
      delayed gastric emptying.

PMID- 3893704
TI  - Controlled trial of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in postoperative
      pain relief: a 12-hour evaluation.
AB  - A double-blind, parallel-group trial was performed comparing efficacy and
      tolerability of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)--pirprofen and
      noramidopyrine--in patients with postoperative pain. Thirty-four patients who had
      undergone orthopedic surgery were treated: 17 were given pirprofen (400 mg/4 ml)
      and 17 noramidopyrine (1 gm/2 ml). The first dose of medication was administered
      intramuscularly 30 minutes after the close of anesthesia, and a second
      administration was allowed six hours later if pain intensity did not decrease by
      50% of initial visual analogue scale (VAS) values. Efficacy was tested both by
      the physician, using a rating scale, and by the patients, using a standard 100-mm
      VAS just before the administration of trial treatment and 2, 4, 6, and 12 hours
      later. The number of administrations of trial medication was also used as a
      criterion of efficacy. Both compounds significantly decreased (P less than 0.001)
      pain intensity (VAS assessment) over the trial period, but the effect of
      pirprofen lasted longer than that of noramidopyrine: only one of 17 patients who
      received pirprofen requested the second administration compared with ten of 17
      patients who received noramidopyrine (P = 0.0019). The physician's evaluation
      performed after six hours evidenced the superiority of pirprofen (P less than
      0.02) in comparison with noramidopyrine. No differences were recorded in heart
      rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, or body temperature, and no unwanted
      effect was reported. These data provide evidence that treatment with NSAIDs can
      result in a well tolerated suppression of postoperative pain.

PMID- 3893705
TI  - Treatable dementias: differential diagnosis and obstacles to recognition.
AB  - Dementia is a clinical syndrome with reversible and irreversible causes. The
      differential diagnosis of treatable dementias includes reversible intracranial
      conditions, systemic disorders, intoxications, and depression. The major
      obstacles to recognition of treatable dementias are the overdiagnosis of
      Alzheimer's disease and the incorrect assumption that dementia is an expected
      development of aging.

PMID- 3893706
TI  - [Transplantation of kidneys in patients with polycystic disease].

PMID- 3893707
TI  - [The importance of the Kosice government program for society's care of the
      people's health].

PMID- 3893708
TI  - [40 years' development of the Slovak health care system].

PMID- 3893709
TI  - [From Buzuluk to a liberated Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 3893710
TI  - [The concept, goals and 40 years of realization].

PMID- 3893711
TI  - [Physicians in the war for the liberation of the Czech people].

PMID- 3893712
TI  - [Casopis Lekaru Ceskych (Journal of Czech Physicians) in the year of the
      liberation].

PMID- 3893713
TI  - [The First Czechoslovak Evacuation Hospital in Vysne Hagy, the first surgical
      evacuation hospital in the history of the Czechoslovak Army].

PMID- 3893714
TI  - [40 years of the III. Internal Medicine Clinic of the School of General Medicine
      at Charles University in Prague].

PMID- 3893715
TI  - [Probably the oldest picture of an amputation in Central Europe. The eminence of
      Master Frederick of Olomouc].

PMID- 3893716
TI  - [The Regimen sanitatis of Master Havlas of Strahov and the Regimen santitatis of
      Master Albik of Unicov].

PMID- 3893717
TI  - [Diabetic autonomic neuropathy in candidates for emergency and prospective
      pancreatic transplantation].

PMID- 3893718
TI  - [150 years ago Purkinje's Julia died. Reflection on Purkinje's correspondence].

PMID- 3893719
TI  - [Possible applications of computer tomography and ultrasonography in the
      diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism].

PMID- 3893720
TI  - CRF-containing neurons of the rat hypothalamus.
AB  - The immunoreactive CRF-neurons of the rat hypothalamus have been examined
      immunohistochemically employing anti-rat CRF serum. These neurons are confined to
      the paraventricular nucleus, dorsomedial-lateral hypothalamic area, and
      suprachiasmatic nucleus, and are, respectively, also immunoreactive to anti-Met
      enk, -alpha-MSH, and -VIP sera. Intraventricular administration of colchicine (50
      micrograms/5 microliters/rat) induces a dramatic enhancement of the
      immunostainability of the cell somata, and also accelerates the development of
      immunoreactivity of other stored peptides, especially in the paraventricular
      nucleus. The CRF-neurons respond to adrenalectomy by showing increased
      immunoreactivity and an increase in the number of cell bodies; in the dorsomedial
      lateral area and suprachiasmatic nucleus, there is also an enhanced
      immunoreactivity for alpha-MSH and VIP, respectively. CRF-cells in the
      paraventricular nucleus become markedly hypertrophied, but do not show any
      enhanced immunoreactivity for Met-enk. Since the axons of the paraventricular
      neurons run to the median eminence, it is probable that they are involved with
      the endocrine control of hypophysial ACTH release. It is concluded that the CRF
      containing neurons in rat hypothalamus consist of three types which are
      functionally and morphologically different.

PMID- 3893721
TI  - Histoimmunological identification of a prolactin-like substance in rodent testis.
AB  - Anti-rat prolactin (PRL) antibodies were localized by histoimmunological methods
      in the cytoplasm of testicular interstitial cells, Sertoli cells, spermatogonia
      and primary spermatocytes of the rat and mouse. Control of specificity by
      affinity chromatography methods showed this PRL-like material to be non-specific
      in these testicular tissues, but specific in adenohypophyseal cells. These
      results are discussed.

PMID- 3893722
TI  - Localization of serotonin in the hypothalamus and the mesencephalon of the guinea
      pig. An immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - The distribution of serotonin in the hypothalamus and the mesencephalon of guinea
      pigs pretreated with both pargyline and L-tryptophan was investigated
      immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies to 5-HT. 5-HT-positive fibers
      and varicosities appeared distributed throughout the hypothalamus. Some areas
      showed a greater density of immunoreactivity: the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the
      region of the supraoptic crest, the area of the medial forebrain bundle, the
      ventral part of the nucleus ventromedialis, the median eminence and the ventral
      part of the mammillary bodies. 5-HT nerve fibers were also scattered in the
      posterior lobe of the pituitary. An extensive supra-ependymal plexus of
      immunoreactive axons was observed in most ventricular regions. No 5-HT positive
      cell bodies were present in the hypothalamus of the guinea-pig under our
      experimental conditions, whereas an intense serotonin immunoreactivity was
      detected in perikarya of the brain stem. 5-HT cell bodies were found
      predominantly in the raphe region including the nucleus raphe dorsalis and raphe
      medianus, nucleus interpeduncularis, reticular formation and dorsal area of the
      medial lemniscus.

PMID- 3893723
TI  - Characterization of a plasma membrane protein present in non-myelin-forming PNS
      and CNS glia, a subpopulation of PNS neurons, perineurial cells and smooth muscle
      in adult rats.
AB  - A plasma membrane protein common to non-myelin-forming peripheral glia, including
      non-myelin-forming Schwann cells, satellite cells and enteric glia, is recognized
      and defined by monoclonal antibody A5E3. It is not detectable
      immunohistochemically on myelin-forming Schwann cells. The antigen is also
      present in large amounts on smooth muscle cells and perineurial cells, on some
      PNS neurons, and at lower levels on astrocytes of adult rat. In neonatal but not
      adult animals, the antigen is present on skeletal muscle fibres and myoblasts. In
      immunoblots and immune precipitation experiments on smooth muscle and Schwann
      cell extracts the antigen is a polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of
      130 kd. In being present in some non-neural tissues, albeit very highly
      restricted in cell type, this antigen resembles several other cell surface
      glycoproteins found in large amounts in the nervous system.

PMID- 3893724
TI  - Heterogeneity of chicken photoreceptors as defined by hybridoma supernatants. An
      immunocytochemical study.
AB  - Immune cells producing antibodies to chicken photoreceptor membranes were fused
      with myeloma cells and supernatants of the resulting hybridoma cells were used to
      test various types of photoreceptor cells in the chicken retina by means of
      immunocytochemistry. A polyclonal antibody raised against the protein component
      of bovine rhodopsin was also used. Outer segments of various photoreceptor cells
      were labelled by the following antibodies: rods were positive with the anti
      rhodopsin antibody, both members of the double cones were stained by supernatant
      A1, while one type of single cones (designated as type A) was specifically
      labelled by supernatants A5, B3 and D6. The other type of single cones (type B)
      reacted with anti-rhodopsin and supernatant A1. The results indicate that there
      are distinct differences in the molecular structure of various photoreceptor
      outer segments.

PMID- 3893725
TI  - The use of metallochromic Ca indicators in skeletal muscle.
AB  - Absorbance signals recorded with metallochromic indicators in skeletal muscle
      fibers show rapid time courses that probably closely track the fast kinetic
      process of Ca++ release and retrapping by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. However,
      the formation of more than one complex in cuvette calibrations, both for Arsenazo
      III (ArIII) and Antipyrylazo III (ApIII), suggest that care needs to be taken in
      the deconvolution of in vivo absorbance signals. Since the kinetic rate constants
      have not yet been obtained for these probes, attempts to deconvolute absorbance
      signals should be considered approximate. The evidence suggesting that more than
      one complex is formed during a skeletal muscle transient with ArIII is more
      compelling than for the case of ApIII. The differences between the ArIII and
      ApIII signals may not be readily explained assuming 1:1 dye:Ca complexation and
      kinetic differences between the probes. Competition for Ca++ with cell Ca buffers
      and/or multiple complex formation by at least one of these probes needs to be
      invoked. Based on a simple model to simulate the behavior of the Ca signals in
      muscle, it may be suggested that an ApIII-like probe would more closely track pCa
      changes in the fiber than would an ArIII-like probe, which would show more
      interference with intracellular buffers; an even higher affinity probe would tend
      to sense the total release of Ca by the SR.

PMID- 3893726
TI  - Kinetic investigations in single muscle fibres using luminescent and fluorescent
      Ca2+ probes.
AB  - The Ca2+-sensitive photoprotein aequorin and the Ca2+-dependent fluorescent
      indicators quin 2 and TnCDANZ have been used to investigate contractile processes
      in single crustacean muscle fibres. The investigations with quin 2 indicate that
      the free Ca2+ rises to a maximum value before peak force as with aequorin light
      (approximately 200 msec delay at 12 degrees C) and subsequently decays more
      slowly, unlike the majority of the aequorin signal, although an aequorin 'tail'
      signal remains. The resting quin 2 fluorescence from the cell suggests an upper
      limit of 348 nM for the resting calcium concentration. Experiments with TnCDANZ
      indicate that this fluorescence response rises rapidly but then the rate of rise
      slows to reach a maximum value at a time when peak force is achieved and then the
      fluorescence signal decays more slowly than force. The latter result implies that
      Ca2+ is attached to the Ca2+-specific sites of TnC when externally recorded force
      is small.

PMID- 3893727
TI  - Calmodulin regulation of adenylate cyclase activity.
AB  - Calmodulin-dependent stimulation of adenylate cyclase was initially thought to be
      a unique feature of neural tissues. In recent years evidence to the contrary has
      accumulated, calmodulin-dependent stimulation of adenylate cyclase now being
      demonstrated in a wide range of structurally unrelated tissues and species.
      Demonstration of the existence of calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase has in
      nearly all instances required the removal of endogenous calmodulin. It is not yet
      clear whether calmodulin-dependent and calmodulin-independent forms of the enzyme
      exist and whether some tissues (such as heart) lack a calmodulin-dependent
      adenylate cyclase. The presence of calmodulin appears largely responsible for the
      ability of the adenylate cyclase enzyme to be stimulated by submicromolar
      concentrations of calcium; it may not be relevant to the inhibition of the enzyme
      which occurs at higher concentrations of calcium. The physical relationship of
      calmodulin to the plasma membrane bound enzyme (or to the soluble forms of the
      enzyme) is not known nor is the mechanism of adenylate cyclase activation by
      calmodulin clear; current data suggest some involvement with both the N and C
      units of the enzyme. Finally, it is possible that in vivo calcium contributes to
      the duration of the hormone stimulated cyclic AMP signal. Thus current in vitro
      data suggest that optimal hormonal activation of calmodulin-dependent adenylate
      cyclase occurs at very low intracellular calcium concentrations, comparable to
      those found in the resting cell; conversely the enzyme is inhibited as
      intracellular calcium increases, following for example agonist stimulation of the
      cell. These higher calcium concentrations would then activate calmodulin
      dependent phosphodiesterase. Such differential effects of calcium on adenylate
      cyclase and phosphodiesterase would ultimately restrict the duration of the
      hormone-induced cyclic AMP signal.

PMID- 3893728
TI  - [Quantitative approach to the epidemic trend of vivax malaria in Huanghuai Plain
      by vectorial capacity].

PMID- 3893729
TI  - [Sero-epidemiological survey of malaria using the ELISA technic].

PMID- 3893730
TI  - Treatment of acute migraine attack: naproxen and placebo compared.
AB  - A double-blind, cross-over, randomized study of acute migraine attack compared
      treatment results of naproxen with that of placebo. Each treatment period
      continued for either three months or six migraine attacks, whichever occurred
      first. The initial dose of naproxen was 750 mg, with additional 250-500 mg doses
      taken if and when required, to a maximum of five 250 mg tablets within a period
      of 24 h in each migraine attack. Forty-one patients were enrolled in the study;
      they had all experienced at least two but not more than eight migraine attacks a
      month during the preceding year. Thirty-two patients completed the two treatment
      periods. Naproxen was statistically significantly superior to placebo in reducing
      the severity of head pain, nausea, and photophobia; in shortening the duration of
      head pain, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and lightheadedness; in diminishing the
      frequency of vomiting; and in decreasing the need for escape medication. Both
      patient and physician treatment preferences significantly favoured naproxen. Nine
      side effects were experienced by seven patients while receiving placebo and seven
      by five patients during naproxen treatment. Mild gastrointestinal discomfort was
      the main complaint. Only one patient withdrew from treatment because of a side
      effect, which occurred while receiving placebo.

PMID- 3893731
TI  - Functional bases for a central serotonergic involvement in classic migraine: a
      speculative view.
AB  - The role of serotonin (5-HT) in the cerebrovascular bed is the subject of the
      following review. Cerebral blood vessels are supplied with 5-HT-containing fibres
      which originate in the raphe nuclei in the brainstem. The activation of this
      system may result in a constriction of large arteries and a dilatation of
      arterioles. Intra-arterial administration of 5-HT causes reduction in cerebral
      blood flow and metabolism provided it bypasses the blood-brain barrier. The
      findings, marked changes in plasma levels of 5-HT and in cerebral blood flow
      during a classic migraine attack, are suggestive of an involvement of the 5-HT
      system.

PMID- 3893732
TI  - Effects on migraine headache of MDL 72,222, an antagonist at neuronal 5-HT
      receptors. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
AB  - MDL 72,222 (1 alpha H, 5 alpha H-tropan-3 alpha-yl 3,5-dichlorobenzoate), a novel
      agent with antagonist activity at neuronal 5-HT receptors, was tested as an acute
      treatment for migraine pain under double-blind, placebo-controlled conditions.
      Forty-seven patients with common (n = 29) or classical (n = 8) migraine or mixed
      type with or without a psychogenic component (n = 10) received 20-40 mg MDL
      72,222 (n = 24) or placebo (n = 23) intravenously during the headache phase of a
      migraine attack. MDL 72,222 was consistently superior to placebo in rapidly
      alleviating the migraine pain. The treatment was remarkably well tolerated. The
      results are consistent with the hypothesis that the pain of migraine is related
      to activation of neuronal 5-HT receptors and suggest that compounds such as MDL
      72,222, which block neuronal 5-HT receptors, could be useful new therapeutic
      agents for the management of migraine.

PMID- 3893733
TI  - Flunarizine in the prevention of classical migraine: a placebo-controlled
      evaluation.
AB  - Pharmacological data and early clinical experience have suggested that the
      calcium entry blocker flunarizine may be a valuable asset in the prophylaxis of
      migraine. This was supported by a study in twenty patients with classical
      migraine who were, after a drug-free running-in phase, orally treated with either
      placebo or flunarizine (10 mg at night) for three to four months. Flunarizine
      significantly reduced the frequency, duration and severity of the migraine
      attacks. A corrected migraine index, based on these three variables, was reduced
      by 82% in the drug group but increased by 66% in the control patients. Only one
      patient did not clearly benefit from flunarizine, and the response in another
      illustrated that flunarizine has to be given for at least four months before its
      efficacy can be judged in some cases. No side effects occurred.

PMID- 3893734
TI  - Flunarizine in the treatment of headache with or without neurological symptoms.
AB  - Flunarizine was given in daily doses of 10 mg for periods of two to four months
      to 176 patients suffering from various types of headache. The symptoms were
      improved in 82% of the cases treated. No differences emerged among the various
      types of headache reported by the patients or in relation to the presence or
      absence of neurological involvement or its type.

PMID- 3893735
TI  - Flunarizine in common migraine: Italian cooperative trial. I. Short-term results
      and responders' definition.
AB  - In order to assess the effects of flunarizine in long-term prophylaxis of common
      migraine, 120 subjects (90 female and 30 male) were treated with 10 mg at bedtime
      and followed-up for two years. The effectiveness of the drug was assessed by
      investigating the variations of the Headache Index (HI) and of the intake of
      analgesics. The patients considered responders were those with an at least 60%
      reduction of the HI compared with the baseline value. To assess side effects, on
      each follow-up examination the patients were weighed and submitted to the
      Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Toulouse-Pieron test for attention, and
      arousal test. By the third month of therapy, the average monthly HI had decreased
      from a baseline value of 16.5 +/- 7.0 to 7.5 +/- 4.2. Also by the third month, 60
      subjects had proved responders and 50 non-responders; 10 had dropped out of the
      study because of side effects or for other reasons. The only statistically
      significant differences between responders and non-responders were in the
      baseline HI, which was higher among responders, and in the baseline intake of
      analgesics, which was higher in non-responders.

PMID- 3893737
TI  - Efficacy and tolerability of flunarizine in the prophylaxis of migraine.

PMID- 3893736
TI  - Flunarizine in common migraine: Italian cooperative trial. II. Long-term follow
      up.
AB  - The effects of flunarizine administration (10 mg/day, at bed time) were studied
      in 120 common migraine patients who were followed for 24 months with quarterly
      controls. Besides headache index (HI) and analgesic use, other variables were
      monitored, such as arousal (Tolouse Pieron test), mood (Hamilton rating scale for
      depression), sleep/wake (hrs) and body weight. The study was open-type and after
      the 6th month control some responder (R) cases (HI reduction greater than or
      equal to 60%) presenting HI scores less than or equal to 4 could continue the
      survey off-treatment. The percentage of R cases was 54.5% at the 3rd month, a
      figure that further increased up to 72% by the 9th month; relapses on treatment
      were not observed and rebound-headache occurred in 1/4 of R cases let off
      treatment. Lower (p less than 0.05) baseline HI values characterized non
      responders. Side-effects not requiring withdrawal were drowsiness (42% within the
      1st month) and weight gain (mean 7.9 +/- 6.9 kg) in 54% of the cases, while a
      retarded type depression was the most frequent cause of drop-out from trial
      (7.5%). The results, while confirming the high prophylactic activity of
      flunarizine in common migraine, stress the importance of clinical long-term
      survey of side-effects using antimigraine drugs and suggest the need for further
      investigations about flunarizine effects on CNS.

PMID- 3893738
TI  - Antidepressant drugs and migraine.
AB  - There is evidence that some antidepressant drugs, above all amitriptyline and
      mianserine, are beneficial in the prophylaxis of migraine. The mechanism of
      action of antidepressants in migraine is likely to be complex. Mood disturbances
      accompanying migraine syndromes suggest a mode of action of such a class of
      drugs. In the last few years some clinical studies tend to show that the
      antimigraine effects of these drugs seem relatively independent of the
      antidepressant activity.

PMID- 3893739
TI  - Modeling the isovolumic relaxation period.
AB  - The isovolumic relaxation period of the left ventricular pressure curve in man
      has been assumed to be best represented by an exponential decay. To determine
      which model most closely approximates the empiric pressure data of isovolumic
      relaxation in man, several models were compared. They included linear,
      exponential with a zero mmHg pressure asymptote, exponential with a variable
      asymptote, and second-to fifth-order polynomials. In addition, four different
      methods of computing parameters of isovolumic relaxation by the exponential model
      with a variable asymptote were tested. It was found that the isovolumic
      relaxation period approximates an exponential, that the theoretic asymptote is
      variable, and that the Levenburg-Marquardt algorithm can be used efficiently to
      model this period.

PMID- 3893740
TI  - Endomyocardial biopsy: a review of the literature.
AB  - A review of the literature relating to endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is presented.
      This is considered important at this time since EMB is being utilized with
      increasing frequency, particularly for the diagnosis of myocarditis. The
      development of the technique is briefly outlined. Emphasis is placed on the
      clinical application of EMB in the various primary cardiomyopathies (dilated,
      hypertrophic, restrictive, and obliterative), the infiltrative secondary
      cardiomyopathies (amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis), myocarditis, as
      well as such conditions as adriamycin cardiotoxicity, cardiac transplant
      rejection, and Kawasaki disease. More controversial application of EMB in primary
      mitral valve prolapse (Barlow's syndrome), idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias,
      and the elucidation of the enigmatic finding of angina with angiographically
      normal coronary arteries is detailed. Experience with immunological and
      biochemical investigation of biopsy material, as well as with virus isolation and
      drug assays in the myocardium, is alluded to. Complications encountered with this
      procedure are also discussed, and its future role is contemplated.

PMID- 3893741
TI  - At least 1400 base pairs of 5'-flanking DNA is required for the correct
      expression of the HO gene in yeast.
AB  - Homothallic yeast cells undergo a specific pattern of mating-type switching
      initiated by an endonuclease encoded by the HO gene. HO transcription is affected
      by cell type (a, alpha, and a/alpha), by cell age (mother or daughter), and by
      the cell cycle. This paper investigates the sequences involved in HO
      transcription by replacing genomic DNA with copies mutated in vitro. A region
      between -1000 and 1400 (called URS1) is necessary for transcription in addition
      to a "TATA"-like region at -90. The 900 bp of DNA separating URS1 from the "TATA"
      box is not necessary for transcription nor for a/alpha repression and some
      measure of mother/daughter control, but it is necessary for correct cell cycle
      control.

PMID- 3893742
TI  - A repetitive DNA sequence that confers cell-cycle START (CDC28)-dependent
      transcription of the HO gene in yeast.
AB  - The interconversion of mating types in yeast is initiated by an endonuclease
      encoded by the HO gene. HO is transcribed only transiently during the G1 phase of
      the cell cycle, as cells undergo START. A deletion analysis of HO 5'-flanking DNA
      suggests that there must be multiple copies of the sequence that confers START
      specific transcription in the interval from -150 to -900. Analysis of this
      interval revealed 10 occurrences of sequences that closely match the consensus
      Pur N N Pyr C A C G A4. To test whether these sequences are the putative cell
      cycle control elements, synthetically derived copies of the consensus were
      inserted at the break points of constitutive deletions and shown to restore START
      dependent cell-cycle control.

PMID- 3893743
TI  - A repressor (MAT alpha 2 Product) and its operator control expression of a set of
      cell type specific genes in yeast.
AB  - The product of the yeast MAT alpha 2 gene, alpha 2 protein, negatively regulates
      expression of a class of yeast cell type specific genes, the a-specific genes. In
      this paper we show that alpha 2 is a sequence-specific DNA binding protein. It
      recognizes a 32 base pair DNA sequence (operator) located upstream of an a
      specific gene, STE6. A strongly homologous sequence is present upstream of each
      of the other four known a-specific genes. A synthetic STE6 operator, when placed
      in a test promoter (CYC1), brings the promoter under negative control by alpha 2
      in vivo. This operator brings about repression when it is placed between the CYC1
      upstream activation sequence (UAS) and the transcription start and when it is
      placed upstream of the UAS, outside the promoter. Thus, the operator need not
      overlap with essential promoter sequences to permit repression by alpha 2.

PMID- 3893744
TI  - CDC17: an essential gene that prevents telomere elongation in yeast.
AB  - The CDC17 gene product performs an essential stage-specific function during the
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle. When cdc17-1 strains are grown at the
      maximum permissive temperature, recombination is induced preferentially in the
      genetic interval of the chromosome closest to the telomere. Telomeres are longer
      in cdc17 strains than in CDC17 strains at the permissive temperature because of
      addition of sequence near or in the poly (C1-3A) telomeric DNA and become even
      longer when cells are propagated at elevated temperatures. The mitotic
      recombination events require RAD52 function, but telomere growth does not. Long
      telomeres are maintained for many generations when crossed into a CDC17+
      background, suggesting that telomere length is largely conserved during
      replication. The altered telomere length phenotype of cdc17 mutations is
      recessive and coreverts and cosegregates with the temperature-sensitive lethal
      phenotype.

PMID- 3893745
TI  - Repression of transcription in yeast.

PMID- 3893746
TI  - Molecular consequences of specific intron mutations on yeast mRNA splicing in
      vivo and in vitro.
AB  - We have altered the TACTAAC sequence in the yeast CYH2m gene intron to TACTACC.
      This mutation changes the nucleotide at the normal position of the branch in
      intron RNA lariats produced during pre-mRNA splicing, and it prevents splicing in
      vivo. In a yeast pre-mRNA splicing system, CYH2m pre-mRNA carrying the TACTACC
      mutation is not specifically cut or rearranged in any way. Substitution of an A
      for the first G of the CYH2m intron, converting the highly conserved GTATGT 5'
      splice site sequence to ATATGT, also blocks intron excision in vivo and in vitro:
      pre-mRNA carrying this mutation was still cut normally at the mutant 5' splice
      site in vitro, to give authentic exon 1 and an intron-exon 2 lariat RNA with an A
      A 2'-5' phosphodiester linkage at the branch point. This lariat RNA is a dead-end
      product. The subsequent cleavage at the 3' splice site is therefore sensitive to
      the sequence of the 5' end of the intron attached at the branch point.

PMID- 3893747
TI  - Assembly of the endoplasmic reticulum phospholipid bilayer: the
      phosphatidylcholine transporter.
AB  - Phospholipids are synthesized and concomitantly inserted on the cytoplasmic
      surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. Assembly of the phospholipid bilayer
      requires translocation to the lumenal monolayer. The hypothesis that rat liver
      microsomes contain a protein transporter, or "flippase," for phosphatidylcholine
      was tested by measuring the transport of sn-1,2,-dibutyroylphosphatidylcholine
      (diC4PC). This homolog retains the polar head group, the portion of the
      phospholipid unable to undergo spontaneous transmembrane movement in vesicles,
      and its water solubility permits application of standard transport methods.
      DiC4PC entered the lumenal compartment of microsomal vesicles. Transport was
      saturable and was dependent on time, amount of microsomes, and an intact
      permeability barrier. DiC4PC transport was inhibited by structural analogs (but
      not by sn-2,3-diC4PC) and by treatment of microsomes with proteases, N
      ethylmaleimide, and trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. These data suggest that the
      transmicrosomal movement of diC4PC is protein mediated. DiC4PC was not
      transported across PC vesicles or red cell membranes, where PC translocation is
      slow.

PMID- 3893748
TI  - Antigens associated with the activation of murine mononuclear phagocytes in vivo:
      differential expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen in the several
      stages of development.
AB  - Two well-characterized antigens [Mac-1 and lymphocyte-function-associated antigen
      (LFA-1)], expressed on a variety of leukocytes, are members of a family of
      surface proteins associated with multiple recognition functions. To analyze
      expression of these proteins during macrophage development, we utilized both
      radioimmunoassay and flow cytometry. As previously reported, Mac-1 is expressed
      on murine macrophages in all stages of development. We found LFA-1 to be present
      on murine mononuclear phagocytes but only in certain stages of their development.
      Specifically, we found LFA-1 was expressed on murine tissue macrophages but only
      on those activated in vivo by bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) or, to a lesser
      extent, primed by pyran copolymer. Although LFA-1 was absent on inflammatory
      (responsive) and resident tissue macrophages it was also present on blood-borne
      monocytes. Activated macrophages also selectively expressed the H-11 and Ly-6
      antigens. Thus, these data indicate that LFA-1 is selectively expressed on
      mononuclear phagocytes of the tissues but only on those in the primed and
      activated stages of development.

PMID- 3893749
TI  - Rehabilitation following knee injury.
AB  - Over the past decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in techniques of
      rehabilitation of the injured knee. Technologic advances have provided
      instruments that yield objective measurements so that appropriate staging can be
      done as part of the rehabilitation plan. Research in multidisciplinary fields has
      provided data that currently allow a rational physiologic approach to progressive
      care of the injured lower extremity. No longer is the adage "work it out and
      let's see how it goes" appropriate care for the injured knee. Starting with the
      proper diagnosis, rehabilitation begins at the time of injury and is specific for
      both the patient and the injury. A time frame is established for the
      rehabilitation, with progressive monitoring to allow gradual return to activity
      and the goals of both the patient and the surgeon taken into consideration. The
      management of knee injuries, whether from an overuse stress syndrome or following
      severe trauma with major ligament disruption, deal with the management of the
      inflammatory response. Since we do not know the exact time period for full
      mechanical competence following ligament healing, gradual assessment of objective
      data is necessary before return to full vigorous activity. Improved methods of
      rehabilitation allow patients to feel a sense of an active, dynamic process
      during which they are made to realize that much of their total improvement is up
      to them, under the guidance of the physician and therapist. The maintenance of
      function and fitness in uninjured extremities also allows for a feeling of well
      being. Techniques now available make this often-forgotten phase of treatment a
      more pleasurable one and one that must be considered as much a part of knee
      injury management as is the knee immobilizer or the surgeon's scalpel.

PMID- 3893750
TI  - Overuse injuries.
AB  - Stress injuries common to running athletes are always associated with a breakdown
      of the protective mechanisms normally inherent in healthy posture and gait. It is
      more important to identify and treat these breakdowns of the motor process than
      the resulting injury itself. Simple motor screening of athletes can identify
      functional abnormalities that lead to stress injuries. This screen includes
      assessment of flexibility of all major joints, responsiveness of primary postural
      muscles, posture, balance, and gait. Present definitions of physical fitness are
      focused on cardiorespiratory function and strength and do not properly determine
      the ability of an athlete to run or walk. The basic motor screen outlined in this
      article has been shown to be of value in correcting this shortcoming.

PMID- 3893751
TI  - [40 years of the Czechoslovak pharmaceutical industry].

PMID- 3893752
TI  - [The beginnings of modern Czech biology and medicine. Jan Marek (Joannes Marcus
      Marci, 1595-1667) and the bases of modern epileptology].

PMID- 3893753
TI  - [Pregnancy and placental proteins].

PMID- 3893755
TI  - [The history of ophthalmology in Bratislava. Professor Kadlicky and the
      beginnings of the Ophthalmology Clinic at Comenius University Medical School in
      Bratislava].

PMID- 3893754
TI  - [The effect of ionizing radiation on the eye. II. The lens].

PMID- 3893756
TI  - [40 years building Czechoslovak otolaryngology].

PMID- 3893757
TI  - [Streptococcal infections of the lymphatic ring of the pharynx and their
      complications from the aspect of immunologic responses. I].

PMID- 3893758
TI  - [Central integration of motor function in the body. Prognostic considerations].

PMID- 3893759
TI  - [Historical review of the development of knowledge on oculo-vestibular responses
      and methods of their evaluation].

PMID- 3893760
TI  - [The teaching activity of the Psychiatry Department of the Institute for
      Postgraduate Medical Education].

PMID- 3893761
TI  - [Use of Koch's T-test in first-contact detection of persons with asocial and
      delinquent manifestations].

PMID- 3893762
TI  - [Treatment of juvenile diabetics with highly purified insulin preparations-
      effect on the formation insulin antibodies and metabolic compensation].

PMID- 3893763
TI  - [Recurrent or de novo glomerulonephritis in the transplanted kidney].

PMID- 3893764
TI  - [Quantitative determination of bacteriuria in children].

PMID- 3893765
TI  - [A lasting legacy].

PMID- 3893766
TI  - Chemistry and in vitro mutagenicity of 2-aminofluorene derivatives.
AB  - A study on the relationship between mutagenic activity and chemical reactivity of
      a series of 2-fluorenylamino and hydroxylamino derivatives has been carried out
      by assaying their ability to revert the Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98. The
      mutagenic potency of the fluorenamides increased with increasing availability of
      the amidic hydrogen for abstraction and tertiary amides were quite inactive. N
      Hydroxy and N-acyloxy derivatives were directly mutagenic and increased their
      mutagenic activity after metabolic conversion by liver S9. N-Hydroxy-2
      benzoylaminofluorene, inactive without S9, after activation was the most
      mutagenic. Of a pair of N-acyloxy-derivatives, N-benzoyloxy-2
      acetylaminofluorene, which undergoes rearrangement of the benzoyloxy group from
      nitrogen to ring carbons even at room temperature, was less potent than N
      acetyloxy-2-acetylamino-fluorene whose rearrangement occurs at higher
      temperatures. Corresponding C-1 and C-3 benzoyloxy and acetyloxy derivatives were
      found ineffective in this assay in agreement with previous reports on the hydroxy
      series. N-Chloro-2-amino-(or acetylamino)fluorene were found more active than the
      corresponding N-hydroxy analogs in the presence of S9, thus suggesting an
      alternate pathway for activation, likely a direct conversion to electrophilic
      species. Furthermore, in contrast with inactivity of ring hydroxy and acyloxy
      derivatives, 3-chloro-2-acetylaminofluorene retained mutagenic activity. Finally
      2,2'-azoxyfluorene, the ultimated oxidation product of N-hydroxyaminofluorene,
      tested in vitro and in vivo experiments, was found completely inactive.

PMID- 3893767
TI  - The role of calcium on semi-alkaline proteinase from Aspergillus melleus.

PMID- 3893768
TI  - Studies on the quality of commercially available semi-alkaline proteinase
      preparations using high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3893769
TI  - Enhancing effects of N-acetyl-chito-oligosaccharides on the active oxygen
      generating and microbicidal activities of peritoneal exudate cells in mice.

PMID- 3893770
TI  - Increased permeability of the outer membrane of Escherichia coli induced by the
      dimer in compound 48/80.

PMID- 3893771
TI  - The bridge length effect on sensitivity in steroid enzyme immunoassay.

PMID- 3893772
TI  - [A case of osteomyelitis caused by salmonella in a subject with thalassemia
      drepanocytosis].
AB  - The authors show a case of osteomyelitis due to salmonella, they had the
      opportunity to observe in a patient suffering from thalassemia and sickle-cells
      disease in heterozygote from. They describe all the clinical and instrumental
      ascertainments performed and the surgical treatment effected at level of the
      osteomyelitic focus with subsequent recovery.

PMID- 3893773
TI  - 13-Cis-retinoic acid: pharmacology, toxicology, and clinical applications for the
      prevention and treatment of human cancer.
AB  - Retinoids, particularly 13-cis-retinoic acid, have shown great promise against a
      number of benign, but serious dermatological conditions. In animal models, 13-cis
      retinoic acid functions is a potent antipromoter whether a cancer has been
      initiated by chemical, physical, or viral agents. Additionally, substantial
      antiproliferative activity of this compound has been demonstrated in vitro in
      many culture systems. Clinical activity noted against several types of skin
      malignancies has led to several investigations to determine the anticancer
      activity of 13-cis-retinoic acid. Response of a variety of preneoplastic and
      neoplastic lesions of epithelial histology has been demonstrated. The toxicity of
      13-cis-retinoic acid largely reflects its tissue distribution with skin and
      subcutaneous side-effects limiting dose escalation. The pharmacology and
      pharmacokinetics of 13-cis-retinoic acid has been explored in a number of
      patients and a long terminal half-life demonstrated. This review will discuss 13
      cis-retinoic acid as a good model for a biological response modifier.

PMID- 3893775
TI  - Serotypes of Plasmodium falciparum defined by immune serum inhibition of in vitro
      growth.
AB  - In vitro growth inhibition assays were used to detect antigenic differences among
      geographically distinct strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Owl monkeys were
      immunized against the Camp and FCR-3/FMG strains of P. falciparum by infection,
      drug treatment, and rechallenge with homologous parasites. Camp-immune monkey
      serum was used to inhibit the in vitro growth of eight strains of P. falciparum.
      Inhibition was maximum for the homologous Camp strain (an average of 62%
      inhibition by 100 ml/litre Camp-immune serum). Four other strains were inhibited
      to a lesser degree, and three strains (FCR-3/FMG, FVO, and Smith) were not
      significantly inhibited by Camp-immune serum at concentrations as high as 400
      ml/litre. FCR-3/FMG-immune serum at a concentration of 50 ml/litre caused
      significant inhibition of the FCR-3/FMG strain, but not the Camp strain. Thus
      Camp and FCR-3/FMG strains appear to bear distinct antigenic determinants
      recognized by the homologous, but not the heterologous, antiserum. Inhibition of
      in vitro growth by immune serum may be useful for serotyping P. falciparum and
      may have application in the selection of strains for inclusion in a malaria
      vaccine.

PMID- 3893776
TI  - In vivo and in vitro susceptibility to chloroquine of Plasmodium falciparum in
      Kinshasa and Mbuji-Mayi, Zaire.
AB  - From April to June 1983, combined in vivo and in vitro studies were conducted to
      assess the response to chloroquine of Plasmodium falciparum in Kinshasa and Mbuji
      Mayi, Zaire. A total of 109 patients were treated with chloroquine, either as a
      single dose of 10 mg/kg or as a full dose of 25 mg/kg. All patients rapidly
      cleared their asexual parasitaemia, no recurrence being noted during the
      subsequent 3 weeks of follow-up. In the fourth week, recurrences were noted in 3
      out of 66 patients treated with the full dose of chloroquine and in 10 out of 43
      patients treated with the single dose. A total of 101 in vitro tests (30 macro
      tests, 39 micro tests, and 32 48-hour tests) were successfully performed with
      blood samples collected from 51 of these patients. Full sensitivity to
      chloroquine was demonstrated in all but 3 of the successful in vitro tests, the
      results from these 3 tests being contradicted either by alternative in vitro
      tests or by the corresponding in vivo findings. These investigations thus failed
      to detect chloroquine resistance at the level reported in East Africa or eastern
      Zaire (in Kivu).

PMID- 3893777
TI  - [Drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum in Burundi].

PMID- 3893774
TI  - Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children:
      chemoprophylaxis.
AB  - A number of situations place young children at increased risk of diarrhoea. Among
      these, the best documented in developing countries is contact with a diarrhoea
      case in a family or household. The most common application of chemoprophylaxis in
      developing countries is to prevent cholera or shigellosis among household
      contacts of known cases. There is little evidence that chemoprophylaxis is
      effective in reducing diarrhoea morbidity and mortality, except perhaps in
      travellers. Theoretical calculations in this paper (based on optimistic
      assumptions) suggest that chemoprophylaxis of household contacts of known cholera
      cases in Bangladesh might reduce overall diarrhoea incidence rates in children
      under 5 years of age by 0.02-0.06% and diarrhoea mortality rates by 0.4-1.2%.
      Chemoprophylaxis of household contacts of known shigellosis cases might reduce
      overall diarrhoea incidence rates by 0.15-0.35% and diarrhoea mortality rates by
      0.3-0.7% in the same age group. The correct identification of index cases of
      cholera and shigellosis, followed by the rapid distribution of drugs to their
      household contacts, requires skills and resources that are scarce in the
      developing countries. Chemoprophylaxis can contribute to the widespread emergence
      and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. The available evidence suggests
      that chemoprophylaxis is not feasible in many settings and that, even if
      successfully implemented, it is not a cost-effective intervention for national
      diarrhoeal diseases control programmes.

PMID- 3893778
TI  - A double-blind clinical trial of a combination of mefloquine, sulfadoxine and
      pyrimethamine in symptomatic falciparum malaria.
AB  - Fansimef is a combination of 250 mg of mefloquine, 500 mg of sulfadoxine, and 25
      mg of pyrimethamine per tablet. A total of 150 adult male Zambian patients who
      had symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia were treated in a double-blind
      randomized fashion with either one, two or three tablets of Fansimef. All
      patients in the three treatment groups showed an S-type response. The rates of
      clearance of parasitaemia and fever were similar in all treatment groups.
      Tolerance was good at all dose levels. The main side-effects were abdominal
      discomfort, weakness and lassitude, dizziness, and pruritus, but these were mild,
      transient and required no specific treatment. Vomiting occurred only in 4% of
      patients given the highest dose of three tablets. The results of various
      haematological and biochemical investigations and urinalysis were not adversely
      altered by the administration of Fansimef.

PMID- 3893779
TI  - Recent advances in malaria parasite cultivation and their application to studies
      on host-parasite relationships: a review.
AB  - The continuous cultivation of the erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum
      was achieved in 1976 and techniques have now also been developed for continuous
      cultivation of these stages from P. knowlesi, P. fragile, P. inui, P. cynomolgi
      and P. berghei. The requisite conditions for successful cultivation are
      described. Gametes of certain isolates of P. falciparum can also now be produced
      in vitro and these are infective to mosquitos, leading to normal development of
      the parasite.The successful cultivation in vitro of the exoerythrocytic stages of
      P. berghei and P. vivax was achieved in 1981 and 1983, respectively. These
      cultures give rise to infective merozoites.There have been no significant
      advances in the in vitro cultivation of the sporogonic stages of malaria
      parasites for the last 15 years, although studies indicate that the in vitro
      cultivation of these stages from gamete to sporozoite stage is theoretically
      possible.The application of cultivation techniques to the study of parasite
      epidemiology is discussed. To date the major epidemiological impact has related
      to their use for measuring the incidence and spread of drug resistance.
      Applications to the study of the genetics of drug resistance, antigen production,
      development of tests for protective immunity, and drug development and screening
      are reviewed.

PMID- 3893780
TI  - Phase I study of the cisplatin analogue 1,1-diamminomethylcyclohexane
      sulfatoplatinum (TNO-6) (NSC 311056).
AB  - The cisplatin derivative TNO-6 was evaluated for clinical toxicity in a phase I
      trial. TNO-6 was given daily for 5 days every 3 weeks as a 30-min IV infusion
      without hydration. In all, 39 patients with advanced cancer were treated at doses
      of 2.5-9.0 mg/m2. No dose-limiting nephrotoxicity occurred, but evidence of mild,
      reversible tubular damage was found. Dose-limiting toxicity was hematologic with
      both thrombopenia and leukocytopenia, which with high dose levels reached WHO
      grade 4. Hematologic toxicity was most pronounced for pretreated patients. No
      antitumor activity was seen. The recommended dose for phase II trials will be 9.0
      mg/m2 for previously untreated and 8.0 mg/m2 for pretreated patients.

PMID- 3893781
TI  - Mutagenicity and tumor initiating activity of methylated benzo[b]fluoranthenes.
AB  - The mutagenicity toward S. typhimurium TA 100 and tumor initiating activity on
      mouse skin of benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), 1-methylbenzo[b]fluoranthene (1-MeBbF),
      3-MeBbF, 7-MeBbF, 8-MeBbF, 9-MeBbF, 12-MeBbF, 5,6-dimethylbenzo[b]fluoranthene
      (5,6-diMeBbF) and 1,3-diMeBbF were assayed. Dose-dependent mutagenic activity was
      observed for BbF, 3-MeBbF, and 1,3-diMeBbF; the other compounds were inactive at
      the doses tested. 3-MeBbF and 1,3-diMeBbF were strong tumor initiators, with
      activity greater than that of BbF. All the other compounds were less tumorigenic
      than BbF. The results suggest that the structural features favoring
      tumorigenicity of methylated non-alternant polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons such
      as BbF are different from those favoring tumorigenicity of methylated alternant
      polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene and
      benz[a]anthracene.

PMID- 3893782
TI  - Repair of O6-propylguanine and O6-butylguanine in DNA by O6-alkylguanine-DNA
      alkyltransferases from rat liver and E. coli.
AB  - DNA substrates containing O6-n-butylguanine, O6-iso-butylguanine, O6-n
      propylguanine and O6-iso-propylguanine were prepared by reaction of calf thymus
      DNA with the appropriate N-alkyl-N-nitrosourea. These substrates were used to
      test the ability of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferases from Escherichia coli
      and rat liver to remove such alkyl groups from the O6-position of guanine. It was
      found that all of these adducts were removed by the alkyltransferases, but the
      branched alkyl chain iso-butyl- and iso-propyl adducts were removed very slowly.
      Also, when tested with a DNA substrate containing both O6-n-propylguanine and O6
      iso-propylguanine, the alkyltransferases removed almost all of the n-propyl
      adduct before the iso-propyl-adduct was attacked. Both alkyltransferases showed a
      decreasing rate of reaction as the size of the alkyl group increased, but there
      was a significant difference between the rat liver and E. coli alkyltransferase
      in the relative rates. The rat liver alkyltransferase repaired O6-methylguanine
      more slowly than the E. coli protein, but was considerably more rapid than the
      bacterial equivalent when acting on n-propyl- and n-butyl-adducts. The relative
      rates of repair were methyl much greater than ethyl greater than n-propyl greater
      than n-butyl greater than iso-propyl, iso-butyl for the E. coli alkyl-transferase
      and methyl greater than ethyl, n-propyl greater than n-butyl greater than iso
      propyl, iso-butyl greater than 2-hydroxyethyl for the rat liver protein. These
      results indicate that differential rates of repair may contribute to the relative
      risks of carcinogenesis and mutagenesis by exposure to alkylating agents of
      different size and that rates of repair may be species specific and must be
      determined from specific measurements rather than extrapolated from data on other
      organisms.

PMID- 3893783
TI  - Human O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase fails to repair O4-methylthymine and
      methyl phosphotriesters in DNA as efficiently as does the alkyltransferase from
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - The repair of alkylated poly(dT) annealed to poly(dA) and alkylated DNA was
      studied using human cells in culture, extracts of human liver and Escherichia
      coli, and partially purified O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase from human
      liver. The human alkyltransferase behaved as if the transferring and accepting
      functions of the repair process resided on the same molecule. Extracts of E. coli
      efficiently repaired O6-methylguanine, O4-methylthymine and methyl
      phosphotriesters in DNA. In contrast, cultured human cells and extracts from
      human liver repaired O6-methylguanine but did not repair O4-methylthymine or
      methyl phosphotriesters in DNA nearly as efficiently as did the E. coli extracts.

PMID- 3893784
TI  - Mutagenicity of urine and faeces after treatment of rats with known genotoxins.
AB  - In the present study the feasibility of using mutagenic activity in faeces and
      urine as indicator for exposure to mutagens and carcinogens was investigated. For
      this purpose faeces and urine of rats treated with known genotoxins were compared
      for mutagenicity in the Ames test and for induction of sister chromatid exchanges
      (SCE test) in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Faeces and urine of animals treated
      with 2-acetylaminofluorene, benzidine, furazolidone, benzo[a]pyrene or
      cyclophosphamide were positive both in the Ames test and in the SCE test,
      although the effects in the latter test were less clear than in the former.
      Treatment with the bladder carcinogen N-nitrosodibutylamine resulted in urine
      that was clearly positive in the Ames test and slightly positive in the SCE test.
      Faeces and urine of rats were positive in the SCE and negative in the Ames test
      after treatment with the liver carcinogen N-nitrosodiethanolamine, and negative
      in the Ames test after treatment with the liver carcinogen N
      nitrosodimethylamine. Urine of rats treated with N-nitrosodimethylamine was also
      negative in the SCE test, faeces were not tested for SCE induction. The results
      show that glucuronidated and non-glucuronidated mutagens can be demonstrated in
      faeces and urine up to several days after treatment of rats with genotoxic agents
      and it is concluded that examination of faeces and urine side by side enlarges
      the possibility of detecting exposure of the body to mutagens.

PMID- 3893785
TI  - Detection of DNA adducts in N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene-treated human
      fibroblasts by means of immunofluorescence microscopy and quantitative
      immunoautoradiography.
AB  - An immunohistochemical procedure was developed for the detection of adducts in
      DNA of cultured cells exposed to N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-AcO-AAF) with
      the use of antibodies raised in rabbits against N-(guanosin-8-yl)-2-acetyl
      aminofluorene (Guo-8-AAF) conjugated to bovine serum albumin. Binding of these
      antibodies to the nuclear DNA was visualized by means of immunofluorescence
      microscopy with fluorescein-conjugated anti-rabbit-Ig antibodies, or by means of
      immunoautoradiography with 125I-labeled protein A. The dose-response curve
      obtained when the number of autoradiographic grains developed over the nuclei was
      plotted as a function of the concentration of N-AcO-AAF used to treat the cells,
      indicated that the extent of specific antibody-binding is determined by the
      amount of adducts in the cells. DNA modification levels allowing for 20% survival
      of the cells could be detected with the immunofluorescence technique, while cells
      exposed to concentrations of N-AcO-AAF resulting in 60% survival were still
      positive with the immunoautoradiographic method.

PMID- 3893786
TI  - Assessment of carcinogen exposure in man.

PMID- 3893787
TI  - Potent anti-viral 5-(2-bromovinyl) uracil nucleosides are inactive at inducing
      gene mutations in Salmonella typhimurium and V79 Chinese hamster cells and
      unscheduled DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocytes.
AB  - (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BDVU), one of the most potent and selective
      anti-herpes agents described to date, and its close congeners (E)-5-(2
      bromovinyl)-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil (BVaraU) and (E)-5-(2
      bromovinyl)uracil (BVU), as well as the reference compounds 5-iodo-2'
      deoxyuridine (IDU) and 5-trifluoro-2'-deoxythymidine (TFT) were examined for
      their genotoxic potential. With the exception of a weak activity of TFT in the
      newly developed strain TA 102, none of the compounds was active in a bacterial
      cell mutagenesis (Salmonella/microsome) assay. Nor did they induce DNA repair
      (unscheduled DNA synthesis) in primary rat hepatocytes. In a mammalian cell
      mutagenesis assay using V79 Chinese hamster cells, the reference compounds IDU
      and TFT proved highly cytotoxic and mutagenic, whereas BVDU, BVaraU and BVU were
      neither cytotoxic nor mutagenic.

PMID- 3893788
TI  - Multiple metabolic pathways for the mutagenic activation of 3
      nitrobenzo[a]pyrene.
AB  - Rat liver microsomal metabolism of the potent mutagen 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (3
      nitro-BaP) under aerobic conditions yielded 3-nitro-BaP trans-7,8-dihydrodiol and
      3-nitro-BaP trans-9,10-dihydrodiol, and under anaerobic conditions produced 3
      amino-BaP. All of these metabolites were highly mutagenic in the Salmonella
      typhimurium reversion assay both with and without exogenous metabolic activation
      (S9). None of the in vitro metabolic pathways led to detoxification of 3-nitro
      BaP.

PMID- 3893789
TI  - Renin expression by vascular endothelial cells in culture.
AB  - Cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells were examined for renin activity by
      biochemical, immunological, and immunohistochemical techniques. When cell
      sonicates were incubated with renin substrate, linear generation of angiotensin I
      was observed (1.12 +/- 0.2 ng angiotensin I/10(6) cells per hr). The effect of pH
      on this activity was similar to that of bovine renal renin, and renin antibodies
      inhibited a large portion of the enzymatic activity. Furthermore,
      immunofluorescence microscopy with antirenin antisera confirmed the presence of
      renin within these cells. Biosynthetic radiolabeling, followed by
      immunoprecipitation, demonstrated de novo synthesis of a renin precursor in the
      endothelial cells, which was processed to a more mature protein. Thus, bovine
      aortic endothelial cells in culture contain and biosynthesize renin, a key
      component of the renin-angiotensin system. The expression of renin activity by
      endothelium may contribute to the local regulation of vascular tone.

PMID- 3893791
TI  - The effects of overdrive pacing and lidocaine on atrioventricular junctional
      rhythm in man: the role of abnormal automaticity.
AB  - The effects of overdrive pacing and lidocaine were studied in 22 patients with
      atrioventricular (AV) junctional rhythms. Based on the responses to cardiac
      pacing and lidocaine, patients were divided into two groups. AV junctional
      rhythms in group I (17 patients) were suppressed by overdrive pacing, and their
      rates were decreased by lidocaine. Lidocaine also prolonged the junctional
      recovery time in these patients. AV junctional rhythms in group II (five
      patients) were not suppressed by overdrive pacing. In contrast, the rate
      increased after overdrive pacing. Lidocaine did not alter the basic cycle lengths
      or the recovery times of the AV junctional rhythms in this group of patients. The
      data suggest that AV junctional rhythms in group I were caused by normal
      automaticity, while those in group II were probably due to abnormal automaticity.

PMID- 3893790
TI  - Atherosclerosis, calcium, and calcium antagonists.

PMID- 3893792
TI  - A new approach to noninvasive evaluation of aortic regurgitant fraction by two
      dimensional Doppler echocardiography.
AB  - The aortic regurgitant fraction was estimated noninvasively in 20 patients with
      aortic regurgitation from systolic aortic and pulmonary volume flow determined by
      duplex Doppler echocardiography. By assuming that an excess of the aortic volume
      flow (AF) compared with the pulmonary volume flow (PF) is due to aortic
      regurgitant flow, the aortic regurgitant fraction (RF) was calculated as follows:
      RF(%) = (AF - PF)/AF X 100. The aortic and pulmonary volume flows were determined
      as products of systolic integrals of ejection flow velocities and cross-sectional
      areas of the left and right ventricular outflow tracts, respectively. The Doppler
      estimate of the regurgitant fraction was compared by semiquantitative grading (1+
      to 4+) by cineaortography and with the measurement of regurgitant fraction by
      catheter technique. The mean Doppler-determined aortic regurgitant fraction was
      2.4% for normal subjects, 28.0% for the patients with 1+, 32.6% for the patients
      with 2+, 53.3% for the patients with 3+, and 62.4% for the patients with 4+. A
      fair correlation was found between Doppler estimates of regurgitant fraction and
      semiquantitative cineaortographic grades (r = .80, p less than .01). In the
      patients without associated mitral regurgitation, a close correlation was
      observed between Doppler and catheter estimates of regurgitant fraction (r = .96,
      p less than .01; y = 1.0x - 0.08). In the patients with associated mild mitral
      regurgitation, however, Doppler estimates of regurgitant fraction substantially
      underestimated those determined by the conventional catheter technique, which
      cannot separately quantitate the aortic regurgitant fraction in the presence of
      mitral regurgitation. These observations indicate that the proposed Doppler
      technique provides a useful method to evaluate the aortic regurgitant fraction
      specifically regardless of the presence of associated mitral lesions.

PMID- 3893793
TI  - Improvement in symptoms and exercise tolerance by metoprolol in patients with
      dilated cardiomyopathy: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
AB  - It has been suspected that the increased sympathetic activity seen in patients
      with chronic congestive heart failure from dilated cardiomyopathy may be harmful.
      We therefore tested the long-term effect of metoprolol on eight patients in a
      double-blind, randomized protocol and 12 patients in an unblinded, crossover
      protocol who were treated for 12 months (range 10 to 24), and compared them with
      16 similar subjects who were treated with placebo for 10 months (range 6 to 12)
      in a double-blind, randomized protocol. Patients were followed by serial clinical
      assessment, treadmill testing, radionuclide ventriculography, and
      echocardiography. Metoprolol-treated patients had an improvement in mean exercise
      capacity by 3 mets (p less than .0001) while experiencing a significant
      improvement in functional classification (p less than .001) during both the
      double-blind and open-label crossover studies and had an improved ejection
      fraction during the double-blind study (p less than .02). These improvements were
      not seen in matched control subjects receiving placebo. Seven of 20 patients
      receiving long-term metoprolol therapy had resolution of nearly all symptoms of
      heart failure, doubled their exercise capacity, and had progressive improvement
      in resting radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction (12.6 +/- 3% to 26.9
      +/- 6%) and echocardiographic left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (7.7 +/-
      0.5 to 6.5 +/- 0.5 cm). Only one of 21 patients treated was intolerant of
      metoprolol. We conclude that metoprolol can be given safely to a select group of
      patients with dilated cardiomyopathy in doses that substantially reduce both
      resting and exercise heart rates. Long-term beta-blockade improved functional
      class and exercise capacity in 14 of 20 patients while producing an exceptional
      clinical response in seven that was accompanied by improved resting parameters of
      left ventricular function.

PMID- 3893794
TI  - The accuracy of Doppler ultrasound measurement of pressure gradients across
      irregular, dual, and tunnellike obstructions to blood flow.
AB  - The accuracy of Doppler-estimated pressure gradients in the setting of irregular,
      multiple, and tunnellike stenoses was investigated. An in vitro model of the left
      ventricular outflow tract was designed to allow pulsatile flow of red cells in
      saline across valve orifices from 0.01 to 2.5 cm2. Simultaneous pressure
      gradients were estimated by both Doppler and direct-pressure manometer
      techniques. Gradients obtained by the two methods correlated well for valve areas
      in the range of clinical stenoses at pressure gradients of 10 to 150 mm Hg (r =
      .97 to .99). Model valves were constructed with a large orifice (0.75 to 1.25
      cm2) placed beside a small orifice (0.02 to 0.25 cm2) in the same outflow tract.
      A distinct jet was recorded when the Doppler transducer was aligned with each
      orifice. Doppler-estimated gradients for each pair of large and small orifices
      were identical and correlated well with those measured by manometer (r = .97 to
      .99). Irregularly shaped orifices also provided good correlation between the two
      methods (r = .98 to .99). Pulsatile flow was generated through long tunnellike
      obstructions with cross-sectional areas varying from 0.06 to 1.25 cm2. Tunnel
      length varied from 0.1 to 4 cm. Tunnel areas above 0.25 cm2 gave good Doppler-to
      manometer correspondence at all tunnel lengths. Doppler underestimated manometer
      determined values in the 0.25 cm2 tunnel by 8% at 3 cm and by 15% at 4 cm. In the
      0.06 cm2 tunnel, Doppler underestimated manometer gradients by 12%, 15%, 32%, and
      42% at lengths of 1, 2, 3, and 4 cm, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3893795
TI  - Precipitation methods for the determination of LDL-cholesterol.
AB  - The selective precipitation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) with polyvinyl
      sulfate (PVS), and the immunoprecipitation of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and
      very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) with an anti-HDL antibody, can both be used
      to establish simple methods for the determination of LDL cholesterol. Whereas the
      PVS method requires the calculation of LDL cholesterol as the difference of total
      and supernatant cholesterol, the immunoprecipitation method allows the direct
      measurement of LDL cholesterol in the supernatant. As a first step, both methods
      were optimized to yield accurate values for normolipemic and slightly
      hyperlipemic serum samples. Moreover, the determination of LDL-cholesterol in
      lipemic sera can be achieved by a combination of immunoprecipitation and
      polyanion precipitation.

PMID- 3893796
TI  - Guidelines for immunoassay data processing.
AB  - These guidelines outline the minimum requirements for a data-processing package
      to be used in the immunoassay laboratory. They include recommendations on
      hardware, software, and program design. We outline the statistical analyses that
      should be performed to obtain the analyte concentrations of unknown specimens and
      to ensure adequate monitoring of within- and between-assay errors of measurement.

PMID- 3893797
TI  - Specific immunoassay of alpha-amylase isoenzymes in human serum.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (66C7) was prepared that specifically binds human salivary
      amylase (EC 3.2.1.1); it cross reacts with human pancreatic amylase by less than
      1%. Two procedures are described for determination of isoamylases in human serum
      with this antibody: an enzyme immunoassay for determining amylase of salivary
      origin, and a routine method in which this amylase is immunoprecipitated and the
      remaining (pancreatic) amylase activity is assayed. Results by the two methods
      correlate well.

PMID- 3893798
TI  - Macro creatine kinase type 1 with electrophoretic mobility identical to that of
      the MB isoenzyme.
AB  - We describe the case of an elderly woman whose symptoms and electrocardiographic
      pattern initially suggested acute myocardial infarction. The value for total
      serum creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2; CK) was 737 U/L (reference interval: 22-269
      U/L), and electrophoresis for CK isoenzymes demonstrated two bands, the more
      anodal migrating to the CK-MB region and the second migrating between the CK-MB
      and CK-MM regions. The above-normal total CK and electrophoretic pattern
      persisted during her 11-day hospital course. The QuiCK-MB (International
      Immunoassay Labs.) and Tandem-E CK-MB (Hybritech) immunoassays, however, showed
      CK-MB mass measurements within the normal range. In further investigation with a
      mixture of patient's serum and human-serum-based control containing all CK
      isoenzymes, the electrophoretic mobility of only CK-BB was altered, proving that
      the patient had antibody to the B unit of CK in her serum. Immunofixation
      revealed the more anodal band to be a CK-IgA lambda complex, and the more
      cathodal band, a CK-IgG kappa complex. Mixing the patient's serum with polyclonal
      antibody specific for CK-B slowed the electrophoretic mobility of only the more
      anodal band. Polyclonal antibody specific for CK-M had no effect on either band.
      Evidently, this patient had two different types of macro CK type 1, both
      containing CK-BB. We conclude that macro CK type 1 can mimic CK-MB and be a
      source of confusion.

PMID- 3893799
TI  - History of the Florida Section, AACC.

PMID- 3893800
TI  - Otto Folin's medical legacy.

PMID- 3893801
TI  - Emergency urinary HCG testing with the Tandem ICON.

PMID- 3893802
TI  - Gentamicin and tobramycin EMIT assays in the CentrifiChem 500.

PMID- 3893803
TI  - Self-testing: an emerging component of clinical chemistry.

PMID- 3893804
TI  - Adenosine deaminase activity in serum of kidney-transplant recipients during the
      early postoperative period.

PMID- 3893805
TI  - The effects of cholinergic blockade on the growth hormone and prolactin response
      to insulin hypoglycaemia.
AB  - The effect of cholinergic blockade on growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL)
      secretion during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was assessed in six normal male
      volunteers (mean age 23, age range 21-25). Each subject underwent two insulin
      tolerance tests with and without atropine. GH responses were significantly lower
      45 min after insulin administration with atropine (17.5 +/- 2.5 mU/l (mean +/-
      SEM) than with placebo (37.6 +/- 3.6 mU/l, P less than 0.0006). In contrast PRL
      responses were higher (P less than 0.01) at 45 and 90 min after insulin during
      treatment with atropine. These data demonstrate that cholinergic mechanisms are
      involved in stimulatory and inhibitory pathways in the medication of the
      respective GH and PRL responses to insulin induced hypoglycaemia in man.

PMID- 3893806
TI  - Evidence for a circulating sodium-potassium pump inhibitor in low renin
      hypertension.
AB  - In 1978, we reported that supernate of boiled plasma from acutely volume expanded
      dogs and rats reduces sodium-potassium pump activity when applied to the tail
      artery from a normal rat and then in 1980 we reported that the same is the case
      for plasma supernate from the dog with one-kidney, one wrapped hypertension, a
      model of low renin hypertension. Since then, we and a number of other
      investigators have described sodium-potassium pump inhibitory activity in the
      plasma of animals and humans with hypertension, particularly of the low renin
      variety. The activity results from a heat stable small molecule, probably the
      putative natriuretic hormone. It appears to be released from the hypothalamus in
      response to cardiopulmonary vascular distention subsequent to failure of the
      kidney to excrete the prevailing sodium and water intake. It probably acts on
      blood vessels both directly (electrogenic depolarization) and indirectly
      (inhibition of norepinephrine reuptake into adrenergic nerve terminals). While it
      may be sufficient by itself to raise blood pressure, it may be most effective
      when superimposed on vascular smooth muscle cells which are abnormally permeable
      to sodium. Efforts to determine its chemical structure should be intensified.

PMID- 3893807
TI  - The concept of the natriuretic hormone and its relation to hypertension.
AB  - Acute volume expansion increases the intrathoracic blood volume thus endowing the
      plasma with an increased capacity to cause a natriuresis, to inhibit Na-K-ATPase
      and stimulate vascular reactivity. It is not known whether these changes, which
      stem from a common stimulus are due to a change in the concentration of one
      substance or several. It is proposed that in essential hypertension a genetic
      abnormality of the kidney causes a difficulty in excreting sodium. This leads to
      an initial blood volume expansion which causes the observed rise in the plasma's
      capacity to inhibit sodium transport, and to the increased vascular tone.
      Eventually the increase in tone of the arterial smooth muscle causes the blood
      pressure to rise, while the increase in tone of the smooth muscle of the veins
      diminishes venous compliance thus causing a shift of blood from the periphery to
      the chest thus providing the stimulus for the persistent rise in the plasma's
      capacity to increase vascular reactivity, even though total blood volume may have
      returned to normal.

PMID- 3893808
TI  - Disorders of mineralocorticoid activity.
AB  - The investigation of syndromes of mineralocorticoid excess and deficiency has
      been reviewed. For screening for primary aldosteronism, repeated measures of
      plasma potassium on high sodium intake is the most practicable method. Further
      investigation should include saline infusion and, in cases of doubt,
      fludrocortisone/sodium loading. Differential diagnosis of adenoma from
      hyperplasia is best achieved by the aldosterone response to posture, CT scanning
      and, if necessary, adrenal venous catheterization. Suitable techniques for the
      investigation of secondary aldosteronism of unknown cause and for primary and
      secondary hypoaldosteronism are described, as well as the adjustment of dosage
      for replacement therapy where mineralocorticoid secretion is deficient.

PMID- 3893809
TI  - Phaeochromocytoma.
AB  - Phaeochromocytomas are uncommon among patients with hypertension, and sometimes
      occur in persons without known hypertension, but are important to detect because
      they are often lethal but commonly curable, and because they are a clue to the
      presence of associated conditions. Paroxysmal symptoms (especially headache,
      palpitations, diaphoresis and anxiety), hypertension that is intermittent,
      unusually labile or resistant to conventional therapy, and conditions known to be
      associated raise the clinical suspicion of phaeochromocytoma. Biochemical
      confirmation is commonly achieved by measurement of urinary catecholamines,
      metanephrines or VMA. Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline measurements may be
      superior to measurements of urinary catecholamine metabolites, but strict
      attention to the details of sample collection, handling and storage, the many
      sources of possible biological variation and the effects of drugs is critical if
      diagnostic error is to be avoided. Patients should be evaluated in the drug-free
      state if at all possible. Anatomical localization, in the abdomen in the vast
      majority of cases and usually in the adrenal medullae, can generally be
      accomplished with computed tomographic scans. Bilateral adrenomedullary tumours
      are the rule in familial phaeochromocytoma. Most phaeochromocytomas are benign
      and can be excised totally after medical preparation with an alpha-adrenergic
      antagonist.

PMID- 3893810
TI  - Disorders of antidiuretic hormone secretion.

PMID- 3893811
TI  - Podiatric metallurgy and the effects of implanted metals on living tissues.
AB  - The selection of metals and their alloys for implants and fixation devices
      represents a composite of desirable properties. The search for appropriate
      implantable materials began following the acceptance of internal fixation.
      Advances in the control of septic complications, together with recent
      metallurgical developments, have resulted in the safe application of metallic
      implants.

PMID- 3893812
TI  - Basic bioengineering concepts. Concepts in bone performance, failure, and
      osteosynthesis.
AB  - The basic concept of engineering applied to the biomechanical performance
      behavior of solids has been presented. Areas of conceptual disagreement in bone
      failure loading modes have been indicated and provide an excellent area for
      continuing investigation by the podiatric surgeon. Special application to bone
      tissue has been emphasized with several examples of functional loading seen in
      podiatric performance. The underlying requirements for primary bone union by the
      production of absolute stability have been discussed and some of the present
      problems with the use of A-O in podiatric surgery have been suggested.

PMID- 3893813
TI  - The effect of extracorporeal antibody removal on antibody synthesis and
      catabolism in immunized rabbits.
AB  - Plasma exchange therapy is currently used to remove antibody from the circulation
      in a number of autoimmune diseases. It has been suggested that the decrease in
      antibody level may affect synthesis rate by the removal of inhibitory feedback.
      This would then cause a rapid rise in antibody levels to or beyond those prior to
      depletion. Based on this supposition immunosuppression is nearly always used
      concomitantly with plasma exchange to prevent the expected increase in synthesis
      rates. An assessment of the effect of specific antibody removal by
      immunoadsorption on synthesis and catabolic rates was undertaken to clarify the
      nature of the response. Rabbits were immunized to bovine serum albumin (BSA)
      injected with 125I-anti-BSA IgG and later underwent extracorporeal
      immunoadsorption with BSA-Sepharose. At least 60% of circulating anti-BSA-IgG was
      removed. Mathematical analysis of 125I-anti-BSA IgG and anti-BSA-IgG levels
      demonstrated a reduction in catabolic clearance following immunoadsorption.
      Conversely synthesis rate was not altered. No significant overshoot of anti-BSA
      IgG beyond pre-removal levels occurred. Based on these findings it is postulated
      that an increase in antibody synthesis does not generally occur following plasma
      exchange. The rise in antibody levels seen following plasma exchange probably
      reflect a reduction of catabolism combined with an unchanged rate of synthesis.

PMID- 3893814
TI  - Transcobalamin II, a serum protein reflecting autoimmune disease activity, its
      plasma dynamics, and the relationship to established serum parameters in systemic
      lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Earlier investigations have shown that the activity of autoimmune diseases
      appears to correlate with increased levels of the vitamin B12 (cobalamin)-binding
      serum protein, transcobalamin II (M. Frater-Schroder et al., Schweiz. Med.
      Wochensch 110, 1441, 1980; M. Frater-Schrode et al., Lancet 2, 238, 1978). These
      preliminary findings were confirmed and extended with regard to SLE in the
      present prospective study. The correlation of serum levels with the degree of
      disease activity (determined by clinical scoring of 44 patients with systemic
      lupus erythematosus (SLE), fulfilling four or more of the American Rheumatoid
      Association criteria) was shown to be most reliable for transcobalamin II (P less
      than 0.001), when compared to other serological parameters. An answer to the
      question "what induces increased levels of transcobalamin II in active SLE?" was
      sought by injecting 15 SLE patients with cyanocobalamin which influences plasma
      dynamics of transcobalamin II. Results indicate that transcobalamin II-cobalamin
      "clearance" is probably unchanged in SLE, and that increased production or
      stimulation of transcobalamin II secretion may be the cause of elevated plasma
      levels in active SLE.

PMID- 3893815
TI  - Microthrombus formation on hemodialysis membranes: a placebo controlled
      randomized trail of two doses of Indobufen.
AB  - The role of Indobufen in preventing the formation of microthrombi on hemodialysis
      membranes has been investigated in 18 patients in a placebo controlled randomized
      double-blind cross-over study. All patients had been on regular maintenance
      hemodialysis for at least 3 months. Indobufen was given as 100 mg b.d. and 200 mg
      b.d. each for a 7 day period with a 7 day wash-out period between the treatments.
      Both Indobufen regimens prevented the fall in platelet count, reduced the
      increase in plasma BTg levels during dialysis, increased the post dialysis plasma
      heparin levels (p less than 0.05) and inhibited pre-dialysis platelet aggregation
      with collagen (p less than 0.05), when compared with placebo treatment. Scanning
      electron microscopy demonstrated minimal fibrin and reduced platelet deposition
      following Indobufen treatment. There was no difference in the effect of 100 mg
      b.d. and 200 mg b.d. Indobufen doses. The drug was well tolerated, despite the
      relatively high levels measured, only one patient withdrew because of side
      effects. This study indicates that Indobufen when added to a routine hemodialysis
      treatment schedule, can significantly reduce platelet activation and the thrombus
      formation on the hemodialysis membranes.

PMID- 3893816
TI  - Kidney allograft biopsy: a valuable tool in assessing the diagnosis of acute
      rejection.
AB  - In order to determine the value of an isolated renal percutaneous biopsy in renal
      allografts with acute rejection, we studied 17 allograft nephrectomies, in which
      the histological degree of acute rejection of each of 30 Tru-cut cylinders, were
      compared with the histological degree of acute rejection diagnosed in 6 large
      fragments of each kidney considered as a whole. An accurate histological degree
      of acute rejection was made in 366 cylinders (71.8%). One hundred twenty-nine
      kidney cylinders (25.3%) were considered of a minor histological degree of acute
      rejection and 15 cylinders (2.9%) of a higher histological degree. We conclude
      that percutaneous renal allograft biopsy provides a representative picture of
      acute rejection histopathology but must be evaluated with other clinical and
      biochemical data for a correct clinical management.

PMID- 3893817
TI  - Amyloidosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - In spite of an apparent decrease in its occurrence during the last 2-3 decades,
      amyloidosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis is a significant cause of
      increased morbidity and early death in both juvenile- and adult-onset rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA). Like other forms of reactive amyloidosis, the amyloid fibrils
      associated with rheumatoid disorders are of the protein AA type, and the acute
      phase reactant SAA, which is complexed to high density lipoprotein in serum, is
      its putative precursor. Raised SAA appears to be one of the prerequisites for the
      development of reactive, AA amyloid. Effective treatment of the underlying
      disorder i.e. rheumatoid arthritis, which lowers the levels of SAA is, therefore,
      recommended both as a prophylactic and therapeutic measure against reactive
      amyloidosis. As renal disease is the most severe and life-threatening consequence
      of reactive amyloidosis, both hemodialysis and renal transplantation are also to
      be considered in such patients.

PMID- 3893818
TI  - Acute renal failure in pregnancy.

PMID- 3893819
TI  - Lupus nephropathy and pregnancy.
AB  - Early reports on SLE were too small in number to determine that pregnancy was
      contraindicated in patients with renal involvement. Later reports show that
      patients with lupus nephropathy can have successful pregnancies provided certain
      preconditions are established. Optimal preconditions include prepregnancy
      remission of at least 6 months, renal function with serum creatinine 1.5 mg/dl or
      less or creatinine clearance of 60 ml/min or more or proteinuria of 3 g/24 hr or
      less. Successful pregnancies have been recorded in some patients with more severe
      renal impairment. Renal function will remain unchanged in approximately 60% of
      pregnancies; and although deterioration may occur, it is only severe or permanent
      in less than 10%. In 26% of patients, mild to severe renal impairment was
      transient, with recovery to prepregnancy levels of renal function. Proteinuria
      with good creatinine clearance may not be dangerous. Hypertension or superimposed
      preeclampsia jeopardizes the outcome. Fetal outcome averaged approximately 70%
      (range, 41-77%) live births, 17.8% (range, 5.1-40%) spontaneous abortions, 19.7%
      (range, 3.0-38.5%) prematurity, and 8.2% SGA. Therapeutic abortion is not a
      modality of treatment of lupus nephropathy. Management of patients with lupus
      nephropathy is twofold and includes suppression of underlying lupus activity as
      well as the serial evaluation of chronic renal disease. In chronic lupus
      nephropathy with inactive SLE maternal and fetal outcome is the same as for
      pregnant patients with chronic renal disease of other causes. Strict fetal
      surveillance must be performed to decrease the stillbirth rate. The concomitant
      increase in prematurity demands the services of a tertiary care neonatal unit.
      Management necessitates the team approach of the obstetrician, nephrologist,
      rheumatologist, and neonatologist working in collaboration. The reports which
      contain large numbers of patients now allow better counseling of these patients
      who are contemplating pregnancy.

PMID- 3893820
TI  - Renal calculi in pregnancy.
AB  - The recent published literature dealing with urinary tract calculi during
      pregnancy has been summarized. Our own experience with 17 patients, (0.08% of the
      deliveries) in a recent 12-year interval has been described. Emphasis must be
      placed on the safety and limitations of renal ultrasonography. Excretory
      urography should be performed in patients with urinary infection not responding
      after 48 hours of antibiotic therapy, with declining renal function, with massive
      hydronephrosis on renal echography, or with pain and dehydration from vomiting.
      The timing of postinjection films is critical; a 3-hour film and, if needed, a 6
      hour film are recommended. Criteria for intervention (nonoperative or operative)
      include calculous pyelonephritis, persistent massive hydronephrosis with
      impairment of renal function, and protracted pain or sepsis.

PMID- 3893821
TI  - Pregnancy following renal transplantation.

PMID- 3893822
TI  - Histopathology of failed osteoarticular shell allografts.
AB  - Fresh cadaveric osteochondral fragment allografts were used to replace damaged
      articular surfaces of knee joints. Of the original 100 patients, 22 experienced
      graft failure necessitating graft removal. From these patients, a total of 44
      osteochondral allografts were extirpated between 12 and 84 months after
      insertion. These were examined radiologically, histologically, and
      ultrastructurally. The bone and bone marrow were necrotic and had undergone
      variable replacement by host bone, which appeared to be independent of the
      duration of the graft. The articular cartilage showed degenerative changes
      ranging from fibrillation to erosion. Viable donor cartilage was present as late
      as seven years, proving that fresh graft cartilage can survive transplantation.
      Host bone interfaced with the cartilage, but in 14 grafts there was focal
      invasion of the cartilage. In some grafts, pannus formation with resorption of
      cartilage was evident. There was no histologic evidence of transplant rejection.
      This study is encouraging because hyaline cartilage has been shown to survive for
      as long as seven years and because bone can be replaced in a homogeneous fashion
      if the correct biomechanical conditions are met.

PMID- 3893823
TI  - Resurfacing of the femoral head with fresh osteochondral allografts. Long-term
      results.
AB  - Twenty-five fresh osteochondral allografts were transplanted in 21 patients. All
      except one were for avascular necrosis with segmental collapse of the femoral
      head. One transplant was in a hip with a Pipkin II fracture-dislocation. Most of
      the failures were in hips of patients receiving systemic steroid therapy. There
      was an 80% rate of success in non-steroid-treated patients. The allograft
      resurfacing procedure seems to be a successful intermediate alternative operation
      in young patients with avascular necrosis and segmental collapse of the head of
      the femur.

PMID- 3893824
TI  - The use of allograft bone in revision of total hip arthroplasty.
AB  - Fifty-two frozen bone allografts have been used on 44 patients undergoing
      revision hip arthroplasties. The average follow-up time on these patients has
      been 17 months, with a range of six to 72 months. Both proximal femoral
      allografts and the allografts for the reconstruction of acetabular deficiencies
      have been used. To date, most patients experience marked pain relief and
      improvement in function. Though the results attained to date are short-term, the
      use of allografts in the revision hip arthroplasties represents a natural
      progression of the tumor work. However, while the early results are encouraging,
      it remains to be seen how the proximal femur allografts and the large acetabular
      allografts will behave over a long period of time.

PMID- 3893825
TI  - Current perspectives and future directions: the 1983 Invitational Conference on
      Osteochondral Allografts.

PMID- 3893826
TI  - Spinal deformities in Larsen's syndrome.
AB  - Eight patients with Larsen's syndrome were investigated and found to have a
      characteristic pattern of spinal deformity consisting of vertebral anomalies,
      spondylolysis, and scoliosis. The cervical spine was the most severely involved,
      and dysraphism as well as hypoplasia represented the most consistent patterns of
      deformity. Scoliosis was the most common deformity seen in the thoracic spine,
      whereas dysraphism, scoliosis, and spondylolysis were common in the lumbar spine.
      Dysraphism again was the most common anomaly in the sacrum. In the young patient,
      the spine may be difficult to evaluate because major portions of the elements are
      cartilaginous, and serial roentgenographic evaluations may be required. Early
      treatment may minimize the severity of the deformities and prevent sequelae.

PMID- 3893827
TI  - Nocardia asteroides sepsis of the knee.
AB  - Nocardia asteroides as an infecting agent has been an increasingly identified
      pathogen in humans, especially in immunosuppressed hosts. The Nocardia organisms
      as a cause of septic arthritis have been very unusual and in all previously
      reported cases have occurred in immunosuppressed patients. This is a report of
      two additional patients, one of whom has had no history of immunosuppression
      either before infection or subsequent to treatment and resolution of the
      infection. The second is a case of a questionably immunosuppressed patient with
      Nocardia asteroides septic arthritis. These cases reemphasize the importance of
      performing not only the most common aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures but
      also fungal and acid-fast bacilli cultures for early identification of less
      common organisms and for the initiation of appropriate therapy.

PMID- 3893828
TI  - The long-term fate of fresh and frozen orthotopic bone allografts in genetically
      defined rats.
AB  - Fresh and frozen orthotopic iliac crest bone grafts in rats were studied
      histologically for determination of the long-term effects of histocompatibility
      matching and the freezing process on orthotopic bone graft incorporation. Grafts
      exchanged between groups of inbred rats, syngeneic or differing with respect to
      major or minor histocompatibility loci, were studied histologically at 20, 30,
      40, 50, and 150 days after bone transplantation. A numerical histologic scoring
      system was developed and used by three observers for evaluation of coded
      hematoxylin and eosin sections. All frozen graft groups had the same fate
      regardless of histocompatibility relations between donors and recipients, and all
      grafts were inferior to fresh syngeneic grafts. Both fresh allograft groups
      received similar scores and initially at 20 and 30 days had scores similar to
      those of the fresh syngeneic groups. In the later intervals, however, the fresh
      allografts were inferior to the fresh syngeneic grafts and similar to the frozen
      groups. This is consistent with an older model describing two distinct phases of
      osteogenesis. In the long term, frozen syngeneic and fresh and frozen allografts
      across major and minor histocompatibility barriers were comparable, but all were
      significantly inferior to fresh syngeneic bone grafts.

PMID- 3893829
TI  - Investigation of the origin of the osteoclast by use of transplantation on chick
      chorioallantoic membrane.
AB  - In recent years, it has become generally accepted that osteoblasts and
      osteoclasts are derived from separate stem cell lines: the osteoblasts from
      mesenchymal cells, and the osteoclasts from cells of hematopoietic origin.
      Principal evidence for this belief comes from experimental approaches, such as
      autoradiography, parabiosis, quail-chick nuclear markers, lysosomal markers in
      beige mice, and so forth. However, the problem remains unsolved. For further
      investigation of osteoclast origin, three experimental designs were employed: (1)
      six-day quail limb buds were directly implanted into chick chorioallantoic
      membrane; (2) viable or devitalized Dunn osteosarcomas were implanted onto
      chorioallantoic membrane; and (3) six-day quail limb buds in diffusion chambers
      were implanted onto chorioallantoic membrane by use of exogenous parathyroid
      hormone (PTH) stimulation. In these experiments, osteoblasts and osteoclasts were
      identified from host (chorioallantoic membrane) and implant (quail limb bud).
      Limb buds within diffusion chambers formed osteoclasts in response to PTH despite
      no blood circulation or bone marrow formation. These data indicate that the
      mesenchyme (perichondrium) plays an important role. Either osteoclast mononuclear
      precursors have migrated from hematopoietic sources to the perichondrium before
      transplantation of the limb buds or mesenchymal cells of developing bone can form
      osteoclasts. Thus, the origin of the osteoclasts should still be considered an
      unsettled question.

PMID- 3893830
TI  - The classic. Joint transplantation. By Eric Lexer. 1908.

PMID- 3893831
TI  - Banking of massive osteoarticular and intercalary bone allografts--12 years'
      experience.
AB  - Preparation and banking of massive osteoarticular allografts and intercalary bone
      allografts have been performed for the past 12 years. Careful selection of donors
      as well as extensive laboratory studies of the donor and the allograft have
      virtually eliminated the danger of transmitting disease from the donor to the
      recipient. The availability of a variety of allografts in the Tissue Bank allows
      for the selection, on an anatomic basis, of an allograft best suited for a
      particular recipient. The authors have supplied several hundred allografts to
      recipients in many institutions on the premise that excision, preparation,
      banking, and implantation of bone allografts constitute a clinical service. Thus,
      the surgeon who excises and prepares the allograft assumes a joint responsibility
      for the care of the recipient with the surgeon who implants the allograft. This
      establishes a close working relationship, which encourages frequent consultation
      between the parties concerned. This relationship is of particular importance in
      the initial evaluation of the patient and in determining which particular
      allograft will best serve a given patient. The experience at the authors'
      institution provides a model for a multiinstitutional facility that may serve as
      a base for discussion of the methodology involved in the excision, preparation,
      and storage of bone allografts. The costs associated with the operation of such a
      facility are not inconsiderable, but the cost of individual osteoarticular and
      intercalary allografts can be brought down by an increase in the efficiency of
      operation inherent in the processing of allografts from over 100 donors per year.
      During the past several years, the cost of excising and preparing intercalary
      allografts has been $600 per implant, while the cost for osteochondral allografts
      varied between $900 and $1,200. Such a large multiinstitutional facility offers
      the advantages of readily available allografts and quality control. However,
      because of the expense and complexity of operation, it may not be suitable for
      many medical centers.

PMID- 3893832
TI  - The use of allografts to reconstruct intercalary defects of long bones.
AB  - The problems involved in the use of freeze-dried and fresh frozen allografts in
      the reconstruction of large bony defects were caused by the treatment of a
      variety of conditions. Twenty-four patients served as a basis for the review with
      an average of 34.7 months of follow-up study. Fifteen of these patients had, in
      addition, massive supplemental autografts. Rigid internal fixation consisting of
      either an intramedullary fluted rod or some combination of AO plate fixation was
      used in most cases, except in one instance in which no internal fixation was
      used. There was no difference in the time to incorporation of the freeze-dried
      and fresh frozen allografts into the host bone bed. No appreciable differences
      were noted in the group that had massive supplemental autografts, except that
      there was improvement in the quality of the union. The average time to
      radiographic union was 14 months. The complication rate in this series of
      patients was 54%. Most of the complications were minor and resolved with little
      residual. The overall results produced nine excellent, eight good, three fair,
      and four poor results. Considering the magnitude of the procedures involved,
      allografts appeared to have a distinctive place in the surgeon's armamentarium
      for reconstruction of large bony defects.

PMID- 3893833
TI  - Massive osteoarticular allografts in the reconstruction of extremities following
      resection of tumors not requiring chemotherapy and radiation.
AB  - Since 1976, 70 osteoarticular allografts have been used to reconstruct
      extremities from which tumors not requiring chemotherapy or radiotherapy have
      been resected. Allografts excised from cadavers were stored in the vapor phase of
      liquid nitrogen in liquid nitrogen freezers (-150 degrees) after exposure to 15%
      glycerol. Prior to their use, the allografts were thawed rapidly in either tissue
      culture or balanced salt solutions. Following resection of the tumor, the excised
      bone was replaced with allografts that were rigidly internally fixed with plates
      and screws or, occasionally, with intramedullary rods. Patients were observed
      carefully for complications and were subjected to functional evaluations.
      Complications did not include alterations suggestive of a pronounced immunologic
      response to the graft. Five patients developed either local recurrences or distal
      metastasis. Of the remaining 65 patients, followed for one year or longer,
      osteochondral allografts performed satisfactorily in 55 (84.6%). This group
      included eight patients with initial complications that were successfully
      treated. The group of ten patients with unsatisfactory results included four
      patients with fractures of the grafts, one with fragmentation of the humeral
      head, three with infections, and two with joint instabilities. Since all patients
      had either hemi-joint or quarter joint replacements, the overall results achieved
      so far have been rewarding. However, continued long-term observations of patients
      with allografts are indicated, as are studies that would allow for the
      improvement of cartilage preservation, decrease the incidence of fractures, and
      improve rigidity of internal fixation. The incidence of infection can be reduced
      by the improvement in surgical technique, particularly with reference to the
      wound closure.

PMID- 3893834
TI  - Massive allograft implantation following radical resection of high-grade tumors
      requiring adjuvant chemotherapy treatment.
AB  - Since 1976, the authors have performed a total of 36 resections of malignant
      tumors of the limbs with reconstruction of these by implantation of allografts.
      All allografts have been supplied by the University of Miami Tissue Bank.
      Following resection of the long-bone tumor and obtaining acceptable margins, the
      allograft was inserted to the limb defect with three different techniques: (1) in
      addition to a custom prosthesis as a hemi-joint reconstruction, i.e., a custom
      Neer prosthesis and proximal humerus allograft; (2) an osteoarticular graft to
      replace an articular surface resected with the metaphyseal-diaphyseal portion of
      the tumor; and (3) an intercalary diaphyseal-metaphyseal graft replacing the
      resected tumor but preserving the recipient articular surface. Of the 36 tumors,
      one was in Stage III disease. The remainder were Stage II A or B by the System of
      Enneking. All of these patients had adjuvant chemotherapy. The follow-up time was
      24 months to 96 months. The resection of tumors in 36 patients and treatment with
      postoperative chemotherapy resulted in a mortality of eight out of 36 and one
      amputation due to recurrence. Satisfactory results were obtained in 19 of 36
      patients. If the tumor failures (eight deaths) and the amputation are subtracted
      from this number, the success rate is 70% (19/27). Intercalary grafts were more
      successful than osteoarticular grafts. Chemotherapy was started one to two weeks
      postoperation for all but four patients to whom it was also given preoperation.
      These patients were in a Children's Cancer Study Group (CCSG) protocol for
      prospective study of the effects of preoperative chemotherapy. There was no
      apparent difference in the allograft success in these patients as compared to
      patients receiving only postoperative chemotherapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3893835
TI  - Fresh small-fragment osteochondral allografts. Long-term follow-up study on first
      100 cases.
AB  - Of 100 patients receiving fresh osteochondral fragment allografts, 95 had
      replacement of the weight-bearing portion of the knee. The allografts excised
      under sterile conditions were stored in Ringer's lactate at 4 degrees and
      transplanted into recipients within 24 hours. The average follow-up time was 3.8
      years. One-half of the patients had allografts because of traumatic injury, and
      the best results (75% success) were obtained in this group of patients. The
      overall results were not encouraging for patients with osteoarthritis or
      spontaneous osteonecrosis.

PMID- 3893836
TI  - Delayed images of glucoheptonate distribution after renal transplant.
AB  - Thirteen consecutive patients who had undergone renal transplantation were
      scanned 24 hours after glucoheptonate injection to document the incidence of
      gastrointestinal activity mimicking urinary extravasation. In six of the 13
      patients, the activity was clearly within the small bowel or the colon but, in
      seven patients, the activity was noted surrounding the renal allograft. Using
      scintigraphy alone, it could not be determined whether this appearance
      represented cecal activity or urinary extravasation.

PMID- 3893837
TI  - Kidney depth measurement and its influence on quantitation of function from gamma
      camera renography.
AB  - Both total and relative renal function assessed from gamma camera renography are
      influenced by the depths of the kidneys in the body. Despite the ease with which
      renal depths may be measured (by ultrasound or nuclear medicine lateral scans),
      when calculating the total uptake function it is common practice to estimate the
      renal depth from the patient's weight-to-height ratio. Furthermore, it is often
      assumed that there is no significant effect on relative function measurements due
      to different depths of right and left kidneys. Our data, from 150 consecutive
      patients, does not support this assumption or the use of calculated depth
      estimates and highlights the need for accurate kidney depth measurement.

PMID- 3893838
TI  - Hepatobiliary scintigraphy and hepatic cavernous hemangioma.
AB  - As the most common benign hepatic tumor, hepatic hemangioma may be misinterpreted
      during radiographic cancer staging, inadvertently biopsied, or pursued surgically
      as a solitary malignancy. Two cases of hepatic hemangiomas discovered during
      hepatobiliary scintigraphy are presented: the first involving multiple anechoic
      lesions by ultrasound and the second involving a solitary echogenic lesion by
      ultrasound. Whereas the former patient eventuated in surgery solely for the
      evaluation of a space-occupying lesion, the latter was totally obstructed at the
      common bile duct; both patients' hemangiomas were documented surgically.

PMID- 3893839
TI  - Unsuspected bilateral pleural effusions on a renal scan.

PMID- 3893841
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of bretylium.
AB  - Bretylium is a class III antiarrhythmic agent which is used for the management of
      serious and refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias. It exhibits a complex
      pharmacokinetic profile which is poorly understood. The drug is poorly absorbed
      following oral administration, and its oral bioavailability is in the region of
      18 to 23%. Peak plasma concentrations occur at 1 to 9 hours after oral ingestion,
      and following oral doses of 5 mg/kg average 76 ng/ml, which is 28-fold lower than
      those achieved after equivalent intravenous doses. Approximately 75% of a
      bretylium dose is absorbed within 24 hours of intramuscular administration. Peak
      plasma concentrations occur at 30 to 90 minutes after intramuscular
      administration and range from 670 to 1500 ng/ml in subjects receiving 4 mg/kg.
      Bretylium is negligibly bound to plasma proteins (1-6%). Although drug tissue
      concentrations have not been reported in humans, high values for the apparent
      volume of distribution suggest extensive tissue binding. In animals, bretylium is
      progressively taken up by the myocardium over a period of 12 hours, and at 12
      hours after bolus administration, myocardial concentrations exceed plasma
      concentrations 6 to 12 times. It is also avidly taken up by adrenergic nerves in
      animals. Bretylium is almost entirely cleared by the renal route and its total
      body clearance is closely correlated with renal clearance. Available data suggest
      that bretylium exhibits a complex pharmacokinetic profile which has been
      described by a 3-compartment model in subjects receiving intravenous dosing. The
      terminal elimination half-life ranges from 7 to 11 hours following oral,
      intramuscular and intravenous administration, and renal clearance is about 600
      ml/min after intravenous administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3893840
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of antimalarial drugs.
AB  - For the past 300 years antimalarial dosage regimens have not been based on
      pharmacokinetic information. However, now that this information is available, it
      is appropriate to examine current recommendations for prophylaxis and treatment.
      In healthy subjects, the cinchona alkaloids (quinine and quinidine), primaquine
      and proguanil (chloroguanide) are all rapidly eliminated with half-lives (t1/2
      beta) of between 6 and 12 hours. Hepatic biotransformation accounts for
      approximately 80, 96 and 50% of their total clearance, respectively. In malaria,
      the pharmacokinetic properties of quinine and quinidine are significantly altered
      with a decrease in the apparent volume of distribution (Vd), prolongation of the
      elimination half-life, and a reduction in systemic clearance (CL) that is
      proportional to the severity of infection. Red cell concentrations and plasma
      protein binding are both increased in severe disease. Parenteral quinine or
      quinidine should be given by slow intravenous infusion rather than by intravenous
      or intramuscular injection, and a loading dose is necessary in severe infections.
      Chloroquine (t1/2 beta 6 to 50 days) and mefloquine (t1/2 beta 6.5 to 33 days)
      have extensive tissue distribution and prolonged activity after a single dose.
      Both drugs are concentrated in erythrocytes and 55% of chloroquine and 98% of
      mefloquine in plasma is bound to protein. The pharmacokinetics of chloroquine are
      complex and, because of the extremely long beta phase, difficult to accurately
      define. Pyrimethamine (t1/2 35 to 175 hours) has more limited tissue
      distribution, plasma and erythrocyte concentrations are similar, and 85% of the
      drug in plasma is bound to plasma proteins. The clearance of quinine, mefloquine
      and pyrimethamine appears to be higher in children than in adults. Currently,
      most of the information available on disposition of antimalarial drugs in humans
      is derived from studies in healthy adult subjects. More information is required
      on their pharmacokinetics in malaria, pregnancy, and in young children.

PMID- 3893843
TI  - Stimulation in the NICU: is more necessarily better?
AB  - Animal studies and studies with human full-term infants suggest that the
      stimulation present in utero affects postnatal preferences and levels of
      response. The premature infant does not necessarily benefit from a re-creation of
      the in utero environment. Each aspect of the in utero environment should be
      assessed independently as a potential source of added stimulation in the NICU to
      determine its possible effects on the development of the premature infant. The
      NICU environment cannot be accurately labeled by global descriptors of
      "deprivation" or "overstimulation." When compared with the home environments of
      full-term infants from lower SES homes, different aspects of the NICU environment
      were recorded more often, less often, or equally as often as in the full-term
      infants' homes. Baseline levels of stimulation should be recorded in any NICU
      environment prior to the institution of an intervention program. NICU caregivers
      tended to respond contingently to their premature patients' behaviors. However,
      the prematures provided few opportunities for the nurses to respond, when visual
      and vocal behaviors used by full-term infants were employed as the expected norm.
      Perhaps both the medical staff and parents should be trained to recognize and
      respond to the more subtle, different cues described by Als et al. as being
      prevalent in the behavioral repertoire of the premature infant. Based on ecologic
      descriptions of NICU's, researchers have suggested that an inappropriate pattern
      of stimulation may characterize the environment, rather than an inappropriate
      amount of stimulation. The NICU environment has been characterized as providing
      little cross-modal stimulation, few temporally patterned stimuli, and little
      diurnal rhythmicity. In addition, the premature infant may have few opportunities
      to control the environment, contrary to the full-term infant's experiences. There
      is evidence of some negative effects of added NICU stimulation. Individual
      infants should be assessed prior to intervention for their level of behavioral
      maturation. Interventions should be individualized for the particular needs of
      each infant, rather than subjecting all infants assigned to a treatment condition
      with a stimulation "package." The worthy goal of promoting the development of
      premature infants carries with it the responsibility of ensuring that no harmful
      effects could befall any one infant.

PMID- 3893844
TI  - Obstetric medication and neonatal behavior. Current controversies.
AB  - This article reviews the work on the neonatal effects of low drug doses published
      in the last five years. At the same time, there will be a focus on new
      developments in perinatal pharmacology and on current controversies in this area.
      The article includes discussions about neurobehavioral outcome measures and
      statistics, as well as recommendations for future studies.

PMID- 3893842
TI  - Discrepancies between pharmacokinetic studies of amitriptyline.
AB  - In this article, studies on the disposition of amitriptyline after administration
      of a single dose, as well as following long term administration are reviewed.
      While long term studies showed bias towards a higher mean apparent oral
      clearance, studies in normal subjects nevertheless indicated a higher apparent
      oral clearance than that calculated from steady-state concentrations in depressed
      patients. Methodological issues could account for some of the discrepancies in
      mean values of the pharmacokinetic parameters of amitriptyline. Broad individual
      variability in the elimination rate of amitriptyline has been confirmed but could
      not be attributed to the clinical characteristics of the subjects.

PMID- 3893845
TI  - The radiologic approach to malignant tumors of the head and neck, with emphasis
      on computed tomography.
AB  - Computed tomography is the single most effective tool for the investigation and
      presurgical mapping of the extent of malignant tumors of the upper aerodigestive
      tract, paranasal sinuses, orbit, skull base, larynx, and neck. Close cooperation
      between the primary physician and the radiologist is essential for planning an
      efficient and cost-effective diagnostic plan. The radiologist may also assist the
      surgeon by obliterating tumor hypervascularity with preoperative fluoroscopically
      controlled arterial embolization and occlusion.

PMID- 3893846
TI  - Reconstruction of the eyelids following resection for carcinoma.
AB  - Full-thickness eyelid defects are created in the resection of eyelid carcinomas.
      These eyelid colobomas can be satisfactorily reconstructed with remaining eyelid
      tissue in the majority of cases. Procedures are described for resection of
      varying portions of the eyelids.

PMID- 3893847
TI  - Mandibular reconstruction.
AB  - Although there is no general agreement, we think immediate reconstruction with
      free bone graft from the iliac crest or rib is the method of choice for a small
      mandibular body or arch defect without concomitant significant loss of soft
      tissue. Soft tissue reconstruction with well-vascularized tissue should always be
      performed when extensive loss of soft tissue occurs after hemimandibulectomy to
      avoid tension on the stump and mandibular drift. When postoperative radiation is
      not anticipated, immediate bone grafting is appropriate. A free bone covered by
      well-vascularized tissue or a composite graft is our primary choice, but
      alloplastic trays with cancellous bone can also be considered. If postoperative
      radiation is anticipated, only soft tissue repair should be performed and osseous
      reconstruction should be deferred until radiotherapy is completed. Defects of the
      arch require special attention because of the severe deviation of the mandibular
      stumps. Immediate reconstruction is recommended in uncomplicated cases, but
      secondary bone grafting will be needed when the patient is in poor condition, or
      postoperative radiation places the bone graft in jeopardy. In such cases,
      immediate stabilization of the bone segments by internal or external fixation is
      absolutely necessary. Finally, secondary reconstruction should be considered only
      if there is no evidence of residual tumor. The defect should be recreated,
      scarred or irradiated tissue resected, and immediate reconstruction obtained with
      well-vascularized pedicled or free flaps.

PMID- 3893848
TI  - Fasciocutaneous flaps in intraoral reconstruction.
AB  - Fasciocutaneous flaps have been established as entities in their own right, with
      their own specific characteristics. At present, the fasciocutaneous flap with the
      greatest intraoral potential is the radial flap. The author's discussion of this
      flap includes a preliminary description of the vascular pattern of the forearm
      and the procedure for siting and raising the flap, as well as subsequent
      dissection. Other topics considered include management of the secondary defect,
      the fasciocutaneous flap in relation to radiotherapy, the vascular anastomosis,
      and management of the bone.

PMID- 3893849
TI  - Aesthetic restoration of the nose.
AB  - By using intranasal tissues for lining, employing cartilage battens to brace
      against contraction or collapse, designing axial skin flaps from exact three
      dimensional patterns, using the topographic subunits of the nose as templates,
      and refining the result by subcutaneous sculpturing, a new nasal part that is
      nearly normal in appearance can be created in a few stages. It should be
      remembered that the restored part is not a nose, but merely a collage of forehead
      skin, cheek skin, mucosa, vestibular lining, nasal septum, and ear cartilage
      fragments all stuck together with collagen, as with glue. It is taken for a nose
      only because its contour, color, and texture are exact. The principles of
      aesthetic reconstruction are valid, and the results are consistent.

PMID- 3893850
TI  - The precise midline forehead flap in reconstruction of the nose.
AB  - The midline forehead flap has been a preferred choice for nasal repair in our
      practice for over 20 years, with no significant complication ever having
      developed (Figs. 9 to 11). The abundance and length of tissue it provides is
      remarkable, given the inconspicuous defect remaining in the forehead area. Its
      use is economical of tissue, time, and expense to the patient. Most importantly,
      the midline flap provides superior aesthetic and reconstructive repair in a
      relatively short period of time without resorting to more complicated, and
      therefore more risky, flap designs.

PMID- 3893851
TI  - [Digital subtraction myelography--a preliminary report on the use of the digital
      subtraction technic in myelography].
AB  - Preliminary examinations with digital subtraction myelography revealed the
      possibility of saving up to 70% of water soluble contrast medium compared with
      usual myelographic procedures, thereby reducing the risk of neurotoxic adverse
      reactions.

PMID- 3893852
TI  - [Differential sonographic and computer tomographic diagnosis of angiomyolipoma].
AB  - 3 angiomyolipomas were found in 8,500 CT examinations of the abdomen. The
      diagnosis was established preoperatively by both computed tomography and
      sonography. The densitometrically negative density values that are considered to
      be principal signs in computed tomography, must however be refuted by us. In all
      cases under investigation we found density values above 40 HU.

PMID- 3893853
TI  - [Digital subtraction angiography in the diagnosis of kidney carcinomas].
AB  - We report on the results of a comparison of intravenous and intraarterial digital
      subtraction angiography (iv and ia-DSA) with conventional angiography in patients
      with known renal masses. Whereas more than 80% of the tumours were diagnosed via
      IV-DSA, none of the benign renal cysts were identified. The overall detection
      rate, therefore, is 65% in all patients (n = 21) of the study group. The value of
      ia-DSA as a time sparing procedure, saving film-cost and contrastmedia, is
      discussed. The diagnostic accuracy of selective renal angiograms in digital and
      conventional technique yields equal results in our comparative study.

PMID- 3893855
TI  - Abstracts of proceedings: Hospital Physicists' Association Annual Computer
      Conference. Nottingham, 4-6 April 1984.

PMID- 3893854
TI  - [Digital subtraction angiography of aortocoronary bypass grafts in the early
      postoperative phase with peripheral vein x-ray contrast media injection].
AB  - Using a fully digitalised subtraction unit, aortocoronary bypass grafts can be
      visualised in the early postoperative phase by means of peripheral venous
      contrast medium injection (57 out of a total of 60 cases). In more than one-half
      of the cases (31 out of a total of 60), it is possible to outline sharply the
      bypass grafts from the beginning to their entry into the bridged-over coronary
      artery, in such a manner that any loops, kinks, stenoses or reduced flow rates
      can be recognised. This examination is not considered to be an invasive one by
      the patient, and the cardiosurgeon can welcome it as a valuable additional means
      of controlling and assessing the results of surgery.

PMID- 3893856
TI  - Body temperature measurement.

PMID- 3893857
TI  - [Old and new cephalosporins. Pharmacologic and clinical considerations].

PMID- 3893858
TI  - [Clinical study of reproterol in patients with obstructive pathology of the
      airways].

PMID- 3893859
TI  - [The Doppler test in angiology. Its use in diagnosis and therapeutic management].

PMID- 3893860
TI  - [Evaluation of the calcium antagonist fendilin in exertion angina].

PMID- 3893861
TI  - [Pharmacologic problems with teratogenic drugs].

PMID- 3893862
TI  - [Cholecystography or echotomography?].

PMID- 3893864
TI  - [Epidemiologic and pathogenic aspects of AIDS].

PMID- 3893863
TI  - [Epomediol treatment of fatty liver in alcohol abuse. A controlled clinical
      double-blind study].

PMID- 3893865
TI  - [Captopril in the control of essential arterial hypertension in diabetic
      subjects].

PMID- 3893866
TI  - [Clinical and diagnostic evaluation of the treatment of systemic arterial
      hypertension with captopril and hydrochlorothiazide].

PMID- 3893867
TI  - [Granulated feprazone in acute inflammatory pathology of the bronchial tree.
      Study in comparison to a serratiopeptidase].

PMID- 3893868
TI  - [Controlled study of the antihypertensive efficacy of the combination of nadolol
      and bendroflumethiazide with respect to nadolol alone and placebo].

PMID- 3893869
TI  - [Precocious puberty: new therapeutic prospectives].

PMID- 3893870
TI  - Simple and rapid methods for bacterial identifications.
AB  - Simple, inexpensive procedures for rapid identification of the common bacterial
      pathogens are outlined in detail. When the tests are judiciously applied, most
      isolates can be identified within minutes or hours, and strains that require more
      extensive testing for accurate identification will be recognized.

PMID- 3893872
TI  - Instruments for microbial identification.
AB  - Microbiology instruments can provide rapid and accurate identification of gram
      negative bacilli. The three instruments currently in widespread use vary in
      accuracy of identification, types of organisms identified, speed of
      identification, cost, and degree of automation. If matched to the needs of
      individual laboratories, microbiology instruments can enhance the quality and
      efficiency of bacterial identification.

PMID- 3893871
TI  - Microdilution and agar replica identification test systems.
AB  - A number of microdilution and agar-replicating systems are currently available
      for the rapid, accurate identification of common bacterial pathogens. These
      systems can be highly automated for large clinical laboratories or used manually
      for small laboratories.

PMID- 3893873
TI  - Metabolic integration during the host associations of multicellular animal
      endoparasites.
AB  - The nature of metabolic interaction during parasitic infection was discussed and
      the concept of metabolic integration outlined. The subjective nature of the
      integrative argument was noted. The parasite-host relationships of larval
      trematodes of the genus Schistosoma with their intermediate molluscan hosts, the
      nematode Trichnella spiralis and cestode Hymenolepis diminuta, with their
      definitive hosts, as well as the hymenopterous insect parasite, Hyposoter
      exiguae, with its insect host, Trichoplusia ni, were examined. The significance
      of the immune system in the establishment of the parasite-host association and
      the means by which parasites evade host defense were discussed. The involvement
      of microorganisms or "hyperparasites" during the host associations of
      multicellular parasites was described. The importance of evolutionary
      considerations in assessing the nature of metabolic interaction and its
      significance to the success of the parasite-host relationship was emphasized. The
      use of teleological assessment and anthropomorphic description was discussed.

PMID- 3893874
TI  - Acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes.
AB  - Phosphatase activity in intact Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes has been
      demonstrated. After subcellular fractionation three activities were
      characterized: (a) a membrane-bound microsomal acid activity with an optimum pH
      of 4.0 and a Km of 1.2 mM, strongly inhibited by tartrate and fluoride; (b) a
      soluble cytosolic acid activity with an optimum pH of 5.5 and a Km of 0.95 mM,
      strongly inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, EDTA and copper ions and
      activated by cyanide, manganese and magnesium ions; and (c) a soluble cytosolic
      alkaline activity with an optimum pH of 8.0 and a Km of 3.8 mM, inhibited by p
      hydroxymercuribenzoate, fluoride, EDTA, and copper, calcium and zinc ions. This
      activity was increased by magnesium and manganese ions.

PMID- 3893875
TI  - The short-term regulation of fatty acid synthesis in the rat epididymal
      adipocytes.
AB  - Lipogenesis and fatty acid synthetase (FAS) activity of isolated rat adipocytes
      that were treated with insulin or epinephrine were studied. Insulin stimulated
      incorporation of radioactivity from D-[U-14C]glucose into CO2, saponifiable and
      non-saponifiable fractions, whereas epinephrine promoted lipolysis and oxidation
      of glucose into CO2. Whereas insulin stimulated fatty acid synthesis, epinephrine
      had no effect. Changes in FAS specific activity of insulin- or epinephrine
      treated adipocytes were insignificant and could not account for insulin
      stimulated lipogenesis. Rat adipocyte FAS, unlike hepatic FAS, was not subject to
      short-term regulation by insulin, although fatty acid synthesis showed such a
      response.

PMID- 3893877
TI  - Answer justification in medical decision support systems based on Bayesian
      classification.
AB  - Answer justification refers to the ability of a computer program to explain how
      or why it arrived at a particular conclusion. This paper presents a new method
      for automated answer justification that is suitable for use in computer-supported
      decision aids in medicine which are based on Bayesian classification. The factors
      most responsible for the relative ordering of posterior probabilities of outcomes
      are identified by analyzing the prior and conditional probabilities used to
      generate them. This approach is illustrated using a computer decision aid for
      stroke classification and is seen to produce understandable and clinically
      plausible explanations.

PMID- 3893876
TI  - Horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) lectin but not garden snail (Helix pomatia)
      lectin elicits insulin-like activities in vitro.
AB  - Lectins from the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) and the garden snail (Helix
      pomatia) were tested for insulinomimetic activities in isolated rat epididymal
      adipocytes. The sialic acid binding horseshoe crab lectin suppressed epinephrine
      induced lipolysis and augmented lipogenesis from D-[3-3H]-glucose while the N
      acetylgalactosamine binding snail lectin was inactive. The results suggest that
      the insulin receptor on rat adipocytes contains sialic acid in its carbohydrate
      moiety but does not possess non-reducing alpha-D-galactopyranosyl or 2-acetamido
      2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl end groups.

PMID- 3893878
TI  - Historical perspectives on diagnosis in psychiatry.

PMID- 3893879
TI  - Measurement of DSM-III, Axis II.

PMID- 3893880
TI  - Heart transplantation: 1985 perspective.

PMID- 3893881
TI  - The origins of anesthesia. Part V.

PMID- 3893882
TI  - An army nurse (World War II). Part II. Establishing a hospital.

PMID- 3893883
TI  - Eukaryotic RNA polymerases.
AB  - This review will attempt to cover the present information on the multiple forms
      of eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, both at the structural and
      functional level. Nuclear RNA polymerases constitute a group of three large
      multimeric enzymes, each with a different and complex subunit structure and
      distinct specificity. The review will include a detailed description of their
      molecular structure. The current approaches to elucidate subunit function via
      chemical modification, phosphorylation, enzyme reconstitution, immunological
      studies, and mutant analysis will be described. In vitro reconstituted systems
      are available for the accurate transcription of cloned genes coding for rRNA,
      tRNA, 5 SRNA, and mRNA. These systems will be described with special attention to
      the cellular factors required for specific transcription. A section on future
      prospects will address questions concerning the significance of the complex
      subunit structure of the nuclear enzymes; the organization and regulation of the
      gene coding for RNA polymerase subunits; the obtention of mutants affected at the
      level of factors, or RNA polymerases; the mechanism of template recognition by
      factors and RNA polymerase.

PMID- 3893884
TI  - Applications of the finite-element method to ventricular mechanics.
AB  - The finite-element method of structural analysis is ideally suited for the
      analysis of complex structures. Applications of this method to analysis of the
      heart will be discussed in light of the insights that have been obtained as well
      as the limitations of each analysis. In analyzing the heart, one of the aspects
      that is particularly difficult to handle is the presumed anisotropy as well as
      the nonlinearity of the material properties of the wall. Currently, use of finite
      element methods for stress analysis requires that one first assumes a reasonable
      constitutive relation and then use incremental methods to predict the stresses.
      Studies using this approach will be reviewed. In theory, one could invert this
      approach by measuring the loading and resulting deformation in an intact heart
      and using the finite-element method to predict the constitutive relations. In
      order for this to succeed requires accurate measurement of the loading and the
      deformations. As we gain increasing expertise in these measurement areas, the
      feasibility of achieving this seems more realistic. While this alternative
      approach should be useful, there has been only minimal attention paid to this
      area. I will discuss this approach from a theoretical viewpoint and review the
      state-of-the-art.

PMID- 3893885
TI  - Analysis of biomedical signals by means of linear modeling.
AB  - The recording and subsequent analysis of electrical signals of physiological
      origin constitutes an important aspect of current biomedical research. A
      versatile method for the analysis of such signals is based on linear, i.e.,
      autoregressive (moving average) modeling. These techniques are based on fitting a
      hypothetical model to the signal under observation. These models are capable of
      generating the original signal by a linear combination of past observations and
      past and present noise samples. High resolution spectral estimates can be
      obtained in this way. Also, the often small number of model coefficients offer a
      concise description of the signal and may be used for classification purposes.
      Other applications entail the detection of nonstationarities, data-compression,
      and signal enhancement. In this review, linear modeling methods for the analysis
      of electroencephalograms, electro- and phono-cardiograms, electromyograms, and
      gastrointestinal signals are surveyed.

PMID- 3893886
TI  - Left ventricular geometry during positive end-expiratory pressure in dogs.
AB  - We evaluated changes in left ventricular (LV) geometry in ten dogs during
      intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) with and without 10 cm H2O of
      positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). The dimensions during expiration and
      inspiration decreased in all three orthogonal axes during PEEP, consistent with
      decreased LV end-diastolic (ED) and end-systolic (ES) volumes. Within a
      respiratory cycle, the anterior-posterior (AP) ED dimension during inspiration
      increased with IPPV alone but decreased when PEEP was added, consistent with
      presumed differences in pulmonary venous return. This caused opposite changes in
      AP percent regional shortening. Septal-lateral free wall (SL) percent regional
      shortening decreased during inspiration with both IPPV and PEEP, but the
      respiratory variation was significantly less during PEEP. Thus, PEEP did not
      simply produce a smaller version of the same events seen during IPPV alone. The
      larger decreases with PEEP observed in ED compared to ES dimensions in the AP and
      SL axes suggest a dominant regional preload effect, whereas the larger fall in
      the long axis ES compared to ED dimension suggests a primary regional decrease in
      afterload. Measurements of the right ventricular SL axis in three dogs showed an
      overall reduction with PEEP, with the inspiratory dimensions being minimal during
      both IPPV alone and with PEEP. Thus, ventricular interdependence cannot account
      for the diminished LV SL dimension with PEEP during any part of the respiratory
      cycle. These findings suggest that the motion of the LV free wall influenced by
      changes in lung volume may be at least as important as septal motion in
      determining LV geometry with PEEP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3893887
TI  - Alveolar pressures and lung volumes during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation
      in dogs.
AB  - A constant-volume plethysmograph was used to measure functional residual capacity
      (FRC) in anesthetized dogs before, during, and after high-frequency oscillatory
      ventilation (HFO). The phrenic nerves were electrically stimulated to provide the
      necessary respiratory effort. In addition to FRC, mean alveolar pressure (PA) was
      obtained from the pressure axis of the static pressure/volume (P/V) curve at FRC.
      In eight dogs, the first min of HFO at 22 ml, 20 Hz, and a 4 L/min bias flow of
      air increased FRC by an average of 63.6% above the apneic value, where it
      remained for the subsequent 15 min. PA values were significantly higher than mean
      airway pressures (Paw) measured in the endotracheal tube, indicating higher
      pressure in the terminal lung units. In five other dogs, FRC, Paw, and mean
      pleural pressure increased as HFO was increased from 15 to 30 Hz with 1 and 4
      L/min bias flows of air. We speculate that these increases may account for both
      the impairment of cardiovascular function and improvements in oxygen tensions
      often seen with HFO.

PMID- 3893888
TI  - Effect of high-frequency positive-pressure ventilation on halothane ablation of
      hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.
AB  - High-frequency positive-pressure ventilation (HFPPV) was compared to intermittent
      positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) during unilateral atelectasis with and
      without halothane anesthesia. Dogs with electromagnetic flow probes chronically
      implanted on their main (Qt) and left (Ql) pulmonary arteries were ventilated via
      Carlen's dual-lumen endotracheal tubes. In eight closed-chest dogs, about 43% of
      the cardiac output perfused the left lung during bilateral ventilation by either
      a Harvard animal respirator (IPPV) or a Health-dyne model 300 high-frequency
      ventilator (HFPPV). Unilateral atelectasis decreased blood flow (Ql/Qt) to that
      lung. Ql/Qt was 19 +/- 1% with HFPPV during left-lung atelectasis and right-lung
      ventilation, compared to 32 +/- 1% with unilateral IPPV. This suggests that HFPPV
      permits stronger hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Addition of 1% halothane
      increased blood flow to the atelectatic left lung during unilateral ventilation
      with IPPV but not with HFPPV. This suggests that halothane decreases the effects
      of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction during conventional ventilation but not
      during HFPPV.

PMID- 3893889
TI  - Sustained ventricular unloading action of the alpha-adrenergic antagonist
      nicergoline in the dog.
AB  - Preliminary studies indicate that nicergoline, a new alpha-antagonist, can lower
      HR at doses which decrease arterial BP. The present animal study was designed to
      quantitate the systemic and carotid (pulsed Doppler) hemodynamic and renin
      release consequences of nicergoline ventricular unloading, and to investigate the
      hemodynamic mechanisms of hypotension. In 11 anesthetized dogs, nicergoline
      infusion induced progressive, moderate, and prolonged hypotension associated with
      reduced vascular resistance and capacitance. Hypotension resulted from decreased
      HR and cardiac output, without an increase in plasma renin activity. The effects
      on carotid hemodynamics were less marked than those on the systemic circulation.
      Hypotension was caused primarily by vasoplegia, and was magnified subsequently by
      inhibition of the reflex rapid pressor control mechanisms. This suggests that
      repeated iv doses of nicergoline are preferable to prolonged infusion.

PMID- 3893890
TI  - Management of gallbladder perforation by percutaneous cholecystostomy.
AB  - Percutaneous cholecystostomy was employed successfully as an alternative to
      cholecystectomy for the treatment of acute cholecystitis with perforation in an
      elderly woman. The procedure, performed portably in the cardiac care unit, was
      selected because progressive cardiac and renal decompensation made the patient an
      extremely poor surgical risk.

PMID- 3893891
TI  - Computed tomography of the neck.
AB  - The capabilities of CT to distinguish between soft tissue structures of varying
      densities, bone and air, coupled with the added advantage of utilizing
      intravascular contrast, particularly suits this method of examination to the
      study of head and neck disorders. With improved equipment permitting thinner
      sections and shorter exposure times, applications in head and neck diagnosis are
      increased. CT is used in the evaluation of salivary gland enlargements, staging
      of known tumors, the evaluation of a variety of neck swellings and in the
      assessment of laryngeal and facial trauma. In some cases, CT alone may be the
      only imaging procedure necessary, while in other situations, CT may comprise an
      important portion of comprehensive imaging evaluation.

PMID- 3893892
TI  - A reappraisal of upper gastrointestinal response to low-dose glucagon.
AB  - Although glucagon is the most commonly used pharmacologic agent for
      gastrointestinal studies, its exact effects on upper gastrointestinal
      examinations have not been properly elucidated. A large study by our group did
      redemonstrate glucagon's significant effect on gastrointestinal motility.
      However, gastric distention and coating are not improved by glucagon, nor does it
      have a predictable effect on gastric emptying. Duodenal visualization does appear
      to be enhanced by the drug. Patient age, weight, and sex are not significant
      factors in glucagon's response, although they are variables that have an effect
      on UGI examinations. This article will review physiologic considerations in upper
      gastrointestinal examinations, with emphasis on glucagon's pharmacodynamics.

PMID- 3893893
TI  - Tracheal chondrosarcoma with an overview of other tumors of the trachea.
AB  - Chondrosarcomas of the trachea are extraordinarily rare tumors, with only four
      cases documented in the English literature. An additional case is reported with
      conventional and computed tomography correlation. Because primary tumors of the
      trachea are such rare neoplasms, a review of the subject is presented to put
      chondrosarcomas of the trachea into perspective. Malignant tumors are slightly
      more common than benign tumors of the trachea and occur more frequently in
      adults. The most common tumor involving the trachea is carcinoma, accounting for
      80 to 90% of all cases. This, however, represents only 0.2% of all malignancies
      of the respiratory tract.

PMID- 3893894
TI  - Morphogenesis in Candida albicans.
AB  - This review will survey environmental controls on the morphology of Candida
      albicans, describe the cellular and ultrastructural events associated with
      morphological transitions in this fungus, and attempt to relate biochemical
      phenomena that have been reported to be associated with dimorphic change to C.
      albicans cell biology. The synthesis of the cell wall of C. albicans and its
      control remain largely undiscovered, but it is clear that the cell wall is the
      principal component involved in shape determination. Possible models for C.
      albicans dimorphism will be critically reviewed.

PMID- 3893895
TI  - Regeneration and the mechanism of epidermal tumor promotion.
AB  - Chemically induced epidermal carcinogenesis is often divided into two stages:
      initiation, which involves the conversion of some epidermal cells into latent
      neoplastic cells, and promotion, which allows the evolution of this neoplastic
      change into the formation of a neoplasm. The hallmark of epidermal tumor
      promotion is the transformation of the normal epidermis into a hyperplastic
      epidermis. A major unanswered question about epidermal tumor promotion is whether
      the epidermal hyperplasia that characterizes promoted skin is a regenerative
      epidermal hyperplasia resulting from damage produced by the promoter. The opinion
      currently held is that the epidermal hyperplasia produced by tumor promoters is
      not simply a regenerative epidermal hyperplasia and possesses characteristics
      which a regenerative hyperplasia does not have, enabling it to evolve into an
      epidermal neoplasm. The purpose of this review is to present recent evidence
      which strongly suggests that promoter-induced epidermal hyperplasia is a
      regenerative hyperplasia. Three principal lines of evidence are reviewed. The
      first demonstrates that an epidermal regenerative hyperplasia repeatedly produced
      by wounding or abrasion can promote epidermal carcinogenesis in the initiated
      skin of mice. The second line of evidence demonstrates that the epidermal
      hyperplasia produced by the application of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate
      (TPA), the most powerful and widely used promoter of skin carcinogenesis, is
      preceded by damage to the epidermis. This strongly suggests that the epidermal
      hyperplasia which ensues is a regenerative hyperplasia. Thirdly, evidence is
      presented which demonstrates that hyperplasia-producing agents which do not
      promote, produce an epidermal hyperplasia which is different from that produced
      by tumor promoters. Finally, the review discusses the evidence which suggests
      that the production of a hyperplasia may be the mechanism for tumor promotion in
      other organs, such as the liver, bladder, and intestine.

PMID- 3893896
TI  - Illuminating the black box: focus on membranes.

PMID- 3893897
TI  - Transport processes across the rabbit corneal epithelium: a review.
AB  - The corneal epithelium of the rabbit is functionally characterized as a "tight"
      ion transporting cell layer. Its barrier properties arise from the high
      electrical resistance of both the outermost cell membranes and the paracellular
      zonulae occludens. The specific ion transport process and secondary fluid
      transport by this tissue are modulated via cyclic AMP. There is evidence for the
      autonomic control of C1- secretion by the corneal epithelium.

PMID- 3893898
TI  - Adrenergic and cholinergic receptors in isolated non-pigmented ciliary epithelial
      cells.
AB  - Methods were developed to isolate non-pigmented ciliary epithelium from bovine
      eyes (BCBE) free from other cell types in the ciliary process. Once background
      binding due to pigment was minimized, it was possible to assay specific beta
      adrenergic receptors in these preparations. The BCBE beta adrenergic receptors
      showed appropriate stereospecificity and an order of binding affinities
      compatible with a beta 2 adrenergic selectivity. Interestingly, specific high
      affinity muscarinic cholinergic receptors were detected in both BCBE and primate
      non-pigmented ciliary epithelium. These muscarinic receptors showed an
      appropriate affinity and selectivity for agonists and antagonists. Further
      evaluations of the receptors and responses of non-pigmented ciliary epithelial
      cells may prove useful in understanding the effects of adrenergic and cholinergic
      agents on aqueous humor inflow.

PMID- 3893899
TI  - The expression of HLA-antigens in the human anterior uvea.
AB  - The expression of MHC Class I and Class II antigens was investigated in the human
      uvea using monoclonal antibodies in an indirect immunofluorescence technique. The
      anterior border layer of the iris, the non-pigmented and pigmented epithelium of
      the ciliary body, the external basement membrane of the ciliary body and the
      vascular endothelium in the uvea showed a positive staining for Class I antigens.
      The endothelium lining the bloodvessels in the uvea expressed the highest density
      of Class I antigens. Class II antigens were found only on single cells spread
      throughout the entire uvea. These cells did not seem to relate to any anatomical
      entity. No staining for Class II antigens was detected in the uveal blood vessel
      endothelium. The expression of HLA-antigens in the uvea may provide insight in
      the pathogenesis of certain HLA associated uveitis entities.

PMID- 3893900
TI  - Cystic fibrosis: Part II.

PMID- 3893901
TI  - Temporomandibular joint arthrography.

PMID- 3893903
TI  - A quantitative approach to metabolic control.

PMID- 3893902
TI  - Imaging of abdominal and pelvic masses in children.

PMID- 3893904
TI  - Inactivation of rabbit liver and muscle aldolases by limited proteolysis by
      lysosomal cathepsin M.

PMID- 3893905
TI  - Comparative ultrastructure of iridoviridae.

PMID- 3893906
TI  - Interaction of frog virus 3 with the cytoskeleton.

PMID- 3893907
TI  - Lymphocystis disease virus.

PMID- 3893908
TI  - African swine fever virus.

PMID- 3893909
TI  - Insect iridescent viruses.

PMID- 3893911
TI  - Iridoviruses infecting terrestrial isopods and nematodes.

PMID- 3893910
TI  - Chilo iridescent virus.

PMID- 3893912
TI  - Macromolecular synthesis in cells infected by frog virus 3.

PMID- 3893913
TI  - Proteinases and psoriasis.

PMID- 3893914
TI  - Infantile acropustulosis.
AB  - We report two patients with infantile acropustulosis; one patient with a history
      of atopic dermatitis and the second with an abnormally high IgE serum value.
      Atopy has not been reported previously in patients with infantile acropustulosis.
      Immunofluorescent studies of involved skin gave negative results.

PMID- 3893915
TI  - Lumbar spine bone mineral content by photon beam absorptiometry. Methodology and
      application in osteoporosis.

PMID- 3893916
TI  - Cerebral abscess.

PMID- 3893917
TI  - Intravenous digital subtraction aortography in the preoperative and postoperative
      evaluation of Marfan's aortic disease.
AB  - Seventeen patients with the skeletal stigmata of Marfan's syndrome or the
      physical and radiographic findings of Marfan's aortic disease (or both) were
      studied using intravenous digital subtraction aortography. Digital subtraction
      aortography revealed a dilated aortic root in 16 of the 17 patients. One of the
      17 had mildly dilated aortic sinuses with a normal ascending aorta. All of the
      four children (less than or equal to 16 years of age) had aortic diameters which
      were greater than the 95th percentile for their body surface area. The average
      aortic root diameter in the adult patients was 6.8 cm (range, 4-11 cm). Three of
      the 17 had aortic dissection, two of which were detected by digital subtraction
      aortography and two by aortic root injection. Four of 13 adults and three
      children had pulmonary arterial diameters which exceeded 4 cm. Six patients
      underwent ascending aorta and valvular replacement and were studied with digital
      subtraction aortography after surgery. All preoperative and postoperative studies
      were of adequate diagnostic quality. Aortic root diameters calculated from
      intravenous digital subtraction angiograms correlated well with those derived
      from echocardiography (r2 = 0.92). We conclude that intravenous digital
      subtraction aortography is effective in diagnosing and following Marfan's aortic
      disease both before and after surgery.

PMID- 3893918
TI  - Pulmonary function measurement in the industrial setting.

PMID- 3893919
TI  - Spacer devices used with metered-dose inhalers. Breakthrough or gimmick?
AB  - In an effort to improve the delivery of a drug to the lungs, to correct problems
      of hand-lung discoordination, and to reduce local side effects such as oral
      candidiasis, a number of spacer devices have been developed to attach to metered
      dose inhalers. Administration of bronchodilator drugs to patients with faulty
      techniques of inhalation has been improved with the addition of spacers. In
      adults and older children with a correct technique of inhaling bronchodilators,
      the spacer devices do not seem to have any advantage over the simple metered-dose
      inhalers. Young children (two to five years) can benefit from inhaled
      bronchodilators or corticosteroids by use of spacer devices with one-way valves.
      Older children and especially adults who suffer from dysphonia or thrush from
      inhaled corticosteroids can also benefit from spacers. In patients whose
      condition is well controlled with the usual inhaled doses of corticosteroids with
      no local side effects, spacer devices show promise, but more studies are needed.

PMID- 3893920
TI  - Radiographic pseudofracture of bipolar pacemaker wire.
AB  - We present a case in which the radiographic appearance of a bipolar pacing lead
      mimics a wire fracture. Recognition of this normal finding--due to lead
      construction--will help avoid erroneous diagnosis of wire fracture on chest x-ray
      films.

PMID- 3893921
TI  - A question of statistical significance.

PMID- 3893922
TI  - Update on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of theophylline.
AB  - Theophylline has emerged as a major prophylactic agent for controlling the
      symptoms of chronic asthma, but it provides little if any relief of pulmonary
      symptoms caused by irreversible chronic airways obstruction. Although in vitro it
      inhibits phosphodiesterase and antagonizes adenosine receptors, theophylline's
      mechanism of action in asthma is unknown. Often, 10 to 20 micrograms/ml is used
      as the range of serum concentrations where there is the greatest likelihood of
      obtaining maximal benefit safely. Slow-release products have the potential to
      provide more stable serum concentrations with longer dosing intervals. However,
      clinically important differences in rate and sometimes extent of absorption exist
      between the 15 formulations sold under 29 brand names in this country. In
      patients with more rapid elimination, few products have sufficiently slow
      absorption to allow twice-daily use. Often these formulations must be
      administered every eight hours to prevent breakthrough in asthmatic symptoms
      despite promotional claims to the contrary. In patients with slower elimination,
      differences among products are unlikely to be clinically important with 12-hour
      dosing intervals. Current products approved for "once-a-day" dosing are
      clinically inadequate because of erratic absorption or excessive serum
      concentration fluctuations. Moreover, food induces dose dumping of potentially
      toxic amounts of theophylline from Theo-24, greatly increases the extent of
      absorption of theophylline from Uniphyl, decreases extent of absorption from Theo
      dur-Sprinkle capsules, but has no clinically important effect on Theo-Dur
      tablets, Theobid, Slo-Bid, or Somophyllin-CRT. The effects of food or other
      factors that alter gastrointestinal physiology on theophylline absorption are
      unknown for most other products.

PMID- 3893923
TI  - Effects of theophylline on cardiovascular performance in chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease.
AB  - Theophylline is a widely used bronchodilator, but only recently have its positive
      cardiovascular actions been recognized in patients with chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease (COPD). Intravenous aminophylline acutely reduces pulmonary
      artery pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance and increases both right and
      left ventricular ejection fraction. Oral long-acting theophylline produces a
      similar and chronic improvement in biventricular performance. Postulated
      mechanisms by which theophylline enhances right and left ventricular systolic
      pump performance include reduction in ventricular afterload and positive effects
      of the drug on ventricular inotropy. Theophylline may be particularly valuable in
      patients with a combination of COPD, pulmonary artery hypertension, and right or
      left heart failure.

PMID- 3893924
TI  - Therapeutic considerations in respiratory muscle function.
AB  - Inspiratory muscle function is impaired in many patients with severe COPD. This
      functional impairment often leads to hypercapnic respiratory failure via
      inspiratory muscle fatigue. Factors responsible for this functional impairment
      are: (1) an excessive mechanical load (high resistance and low compliance) for
      the inspiratory muscles to overcome; (2) the low, flat configuration of the
      diaphragm owing to lung hyperinflation; (3) reduced inspiratory muscle blood flow
      relative to the increased respiratory work requirement; and (4) tachypnea which
      increases the duty cycle (TI/Ttot) for inspiratory muscles, increases
      hyperinflation, wastes ventilation, and otherwise causes deterioration of gas
      exchange. Therapy is directed toward improving inspiratory muscle function and
      has three strategic goals: (1) to reduce the load imposed on the inspiratory
      muscles and reduce their mechanical disadvantage; (2) to improve the contractile
      characteristics of the inspiratory muscles; and (3) if goals 1 and 2 cannot be
      attained otherwise, to rest the inspiratory muscles using mechanical ventilation.
      Inspiratory muscle training offers promise as a means of preventing hypercapnic
      respiratory failure. Available data suggest that some COPD patients benefit from
      it. To be determined are which patients will benefit from it and which will not,
      as well as which training regimens are most effective.

PMID- 3893925
TI  - Aerosol deposition considerations in inhalation therapy.
AB  - Successful aerosol therapy generally depends on the small percentage (typically
      10 percent) of the drug dose delivered to the lungs from metered-dose inhalers
      (MDIs), nebulizers, and dry powder inhalers. Deposition of therapeutic aerosols
      occurs by inertial impaction (in the oropharynx and large conducting airways) and
      by gravitational sedimentation (in the small conducting airways and alveoli) and
      is determined by the mode of inhalation, particle or droplet size, and the degree
      of airway obstruction. Deposition of metered-dose aerosols in the lungs can be
      enhanced by using MDIs correctly (aerosol release coordinated with slow, deep
      inhalation, followed by a period of breath-holding); many patients have poor
      inhaler technique. Extension devices (spacers and holding chambers) make MDIs
      easier to use and may increase lung deposition to levels achieved by a correctly
      used MDI while substantially reducing oropharyngeal deposition. Optimal use of
      air-driven (jet) nebulizers depends primarily on the choice of nebulizers with
      relatively small droplet size and on the volume fill and compressed gas flow
      rate.

PMID- 3893926
TI  - Child abuse, gender, and the myth of family independence: a historical critique.

PMID- 3893927
TI  - [Analysis of failures in the treatment of femoral neck fractures using pedicled
      bone transplant and bone screws].

PMID- 3893928
TI  - [Personnel of the Academy of Surgery].

PMID- 3893929
TI  - [Firmin-Marc Cadenat, 1883-1964].

PMID- 3893930
TI  - [Traumatic cardiac disinsertion of the inferior vena cava. A surgically treated
      case].

PMID- 3893931
TI  - [Splenectomy for injury in adults. Apropos of a continuous series of 228 cases].

PMID- 3893932
TI  - Analysis of inactive X chromosome structure by in situ nick translation.
AB  - Nick translation assays of fixed interphase female fibroblasts with tritiated
      nucleotides demonstrated a characteristic absence of label over sex chromatin.
      The chromatin bodies were nearly always peripheral in location and a ribbon of
      nick translatable DNA was detected between the sex chromatin and the nuclear
      envelope. High voltage electron microscopy indicated the possibility of a special
      nuclear envelope attachment region. The apparent resistance of sex chromatin to
      nick translation did not appear to be due to resistance to DNase I attack.

PMID- 3893934
TI  - [Conservative prosthetics of residual roots or residual crowns of back teeth].

PMID- 3893933
TI  - [Experience treating 30 cases of oromaxillofacial non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

PMID- 3893935
TI  - [Treatment of clonorchiasis sinensis with albendazole: 50 cases].

PMID- 3893936
TI  - [Clinical efficacy of cefazolin made in China].

PMID- 3893937
TI  - Stereochemistry and synthetic applications of products of fermentation of
      alpha,beta-unsaturated aromatic aldehydes by baker's yeast.
AB  - Baker's yeast fermenting on D-glucose converts 2-substituted C6-C3 alpha,beta
      unsaturated aromatic aldehydes into the corresponding 3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ols and
      3-phenylpropan-1-ols, and into the 4-substituted (2S,3R)-5-phenylpent-4-en-2,3
      ols. The formation of the C6-C3 alcohols from the aldehydes by baker's yeast was
      already known, but the production of the methyl diols is new. The conversion of
      C6-C3 alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes into the C6-C5 methyl diols can be viewed
      as the overall consequence of two distinct chemical operations: (1) addition of a
      C2 unit equivalent to acetaldehyde onto the Si-face of the carbonyl carbon of the
      unsaturated aldehyde forms the (R)-alpha-hydroxy ketone in an acyloin-type
      condensation, and (2) reduction of this intermediate on the Re-face of the
      carbonyl gives the diol actually isolated. There is some tolerance by the enzymic
      system(s) involved in the reaction(s) leading from the C6-C3 alpha,beta
      unsaturated aromatic aldehydes to the 4-substituted (2S,3R)-5-phenylpent-4-en-2,3
      ols as far as the structure of the aromatic aldehydes and the substitutents in
      the alpha position are concerned, but acetaldehyde is the only aldehyde accepted
      as second terminus of the reaction. However, synthetic alpha-hydroxy ketones,
      prepared from aldehydes that cannot be directly converted by yeast into the
      corresponding methyl diols, are reduced by yeast. This indicates that the reason
      direct conversion of the aldehydes does not occur is that these materials
      probably cannot be accepted as substrates by the condensing enzyme(s). The
      (2S,3R)-diols can be used instead of natural carbohydrates as starting materials
      for the synthesis of optically active forms of natural products belonging to
      different structural classes. Applications of these diols in the synthesis of L
      daunosamine, the natural form of vitamin E and other products are discussed.

PMID- 3893938
TI  - Kinetics of trypsin catalysis in the industrial conversion of porcine insulin to
      human insulin.
AB  - The kinetics of coupling and transpeptidation reactions catalysed by trypsin were
      studied in media with low water contents to see whether the usual Michaelis
      Menten kinetics applied under the unusual conditions used in peptide bond
      synthesis, to obtain information about the magnitude of rate constants and
      activation energies, and to gain insight into the mechanism of catalysis. Porcine
      insulin, des-(AlaB30)-porcine insulin, human insulin-ThrB30-OMe and human insulin
      ThrB30(But)-OBut were used as substrates. Two threonine esters (Thr-OMe and
      Thr(But)-OBut) were used for transpeptidation and coupling. The reactions
      progressed according to first-order kinetics until about 35% conversion, and the
      experimental data were adequately explained by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The
      rates of the coupling and transpeptidation reactions in media with low water
      contents were orders of magnitude below the rates of peptide bond hydrolysis by
      trypsin in water. It was not possible to approach saturation of the enzyme with
      substrate so determination of Km was impossible, but for each substrate a value
      larger than 0.1 M was estimated from the Lineweaver-Burk plot. The rate of
      release of alanine from porcine insulin depended on the type of threonine ester
      present; for example, Thr-OMe inhibited the reaction. Coupling occurred faster
      than transpeptidation. However, in the medium used, the activation energies for
      the two reactions were similar (about 50 kJ/mol), so the difference in reaction
      rates is probably due to different transmission coefficients in the activated
      transition states. Computer simulations enabled us to obtain quantitative
      descriptions of the reaction progress curves from fitted rate constants.

PMID- 3893939
TI  - NAD+ degradation by resting cells.

PMID- 3893940
TI  - Enzyme-controlled reactions giving alkanols of use in the synthesis of
      biologically active molecules.
AB  - (+/-)-Bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one was reduced using a variety of fungi
      including yeasts. Baker's yeast gave 6-exo-(1R,5S,6S)-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6
      ol and 6-endo-(1S,5R,6S)-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-ol while Curvularia lunata and
      Mortierella ramanniana gave only the 6-endo-alcohol and optically active
      bicycloheptenone. The optically active bicycloheptenols were used to prepare
      prostaglandin F2 alpha in the natural configuration.

PMID- 3893941
TI  - Large-scale purification of enzymes.
AB  - For an enzyme to be employed as a reagent in any field, be it clinical chemistry
      or organic synthesis, it must first be purified to a degree that removes any
      other enzyme capable of catalysing undesirable side-reactions. This may or may
      not mean purification to homogeneity. For the enzyme to be commercially viable,
      purification must yield tens or hundreds of grams of protein. On this scale, the
      availability of sufficient starting material may pose a problem, particularly for
      animal tissues. For this and other reasons, bacteria may provide the most
      valuable source of enzymes. Bacteria are readily produced in enormous quantities
      and, by virtue of their diverse metabolism, contain many enzymes not present in
      other organisms. Furthermore, the enzymes from thermophilic species often show a
      desirable increase in stability under the arduous conditions which may be
      encountered in a reactor. The preparation of enzymes on this scale from bacteria,
      or any other source, can usually be accomplished by the application of the normal
      range of techniques available to the protein chemist. Thus precipitation methods,
      gel filtration, ion exchange and affinity chromatography are all valuable. A
      major difference between this and normal laboratory-scale scale purification is
      cost; large-scale enzyme purification requires a considerable investment in
      equipment, materials and manpower. This cost must be viewed in terms of the value
      of the product.

PMID- 3893942
TI  - Chiral products from non-pyridine nucleotide-dependent reductases and methods for
      NAD(P)H regeneration.
AB  - Enoate reductase (EC 1.3.1.31) from a Clostridium tyrobutyricum strain catalyses
      the stereospecific reduction of many different alpha, beta-unsaturated
      carboxylates, aldehydes and even some ketones. The enzyme accepts electrons from
      NADH and, 1.5 times faster, from reduced methyl viologen (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'
      bipyridinium). Another new type of non-pyridine nucleotide-dependent reductase
      has an extremely broad substrate specificity for 2-oxo-carboxylates and 2-oxo
      dicarboxylates. In crude extracts from Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris,
      specific activities of 2-12 mumol product formed per mg protein per min can be
      found when reduced methyl or benzyl viologen is used as electron donor. The
      products are (2R)-hydroxy acids. Enoate reductase and 2-oxo-carboxylate reductase
      are suitable for electro-enzymic reductions in which catalytic amounts of
      viologens are continuously reduced in an electrochemical cell. This procedure has
      three advantages: (1) regeneration of NAD(P)H by a second enzyme and substrate is
      not required, (2) the unstable pyridine nucleotides are not required in the
      reaction mixture, and (3) the rate of the reaction can be observed continuously
      by measuring an electric current. Several yeasts, as well as aerobic and
      anaerobic bacteria, catalyse the reduction of NAD(P)+ by reduced methyl viologen.
      Such cells can be used for electro-microbial reductions when only pyridine
      nucleotide-dependent reductases are present. Information about the enzymes which
      catalyse the reduction of NAD(P)+ at the expense of reduced methyl viologen is
      given.

PMID- 3893943
TI  - [Advances in neuroimmunological research].

PMID- 3893944
TI  - [Regulation of receptor sensitivity and psychiatry].

PMID- 3893945
TI  - [Effect of synthetic gastrodin in an injectable form on neurasthenia].

PMID- 3893946
TI  - [Clinical experience in appendectomy wound closure without suturing the
      peritoneum for the prevention of wound infection].

PMID- 3893947
TI  - [A new type of stereotaxic apparatus].

PMID- 3893948
TI  - Reflections on anorectal abscess fistula: 1984.

PMID- 3893949
TI  - Rectal prolapse in children.
AB  - Rectal prolapse in children is an uncommon clinical entity in western countries.
      Treatment is generally supportive with surgery reserved for the intractable case.
      If operative intervention is advised, it should consist of one of several limited
      procedures that can be safely performed with low morbidity: anal encirclement,
      presacral packing, sclerosing injection, or linear rectal cauterization.

PMID- 3893950
TI  - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Edmond Delorme 1847-1929. On the
      treatment of total prolapse of the rectum by excision of the rectal mucous
      membranes or recto-colic.

PMID- 3893951
TI  - Preoperative radiation therapy and sphincter preservation by the combined
      abdominotranssacral technique for selected rectal cancers.
AB  - In an attempt to reduce the incidence of local recurrence and maintain normal
      sphincteric function in selected patients treated for rectal cancer, a clinical
      experience using full dose preoperative radiation therapy and a combined
      abdominotranssacral technique was begun in 1976. The first 24 of 55 patients
      treated have now been followed for 20 to 84 months, the median follow-up period
      being 39 months; sufficient data related to their clinical courses are available
      for analysis. Cancers were selected on the basis of unfavorability and location
      in the rectum (3- and 7-cm levels). Clinical staging of the disease was accurate
      and allowed selection and treatment of only those cancers considered unfavorable
      (stages B2 and C), thereby avoiding unnecessary radiation of more favorable
      tumors. One anastomotic disruption required reconstruction, but perioperative
      complications were otherwise unremarkable. Local recurrence in this group of
      highly unfavorable cancers has not been observed. Normal and sphincteric function
      has been preserved in each instance. Preliminary results indicate that full dose
      preoperative radiation therapy for selected unfavorable and low level cancers
      permits safe and effective sphincter preservation surgery by the combined
      abdominotranssacral technique. When proper precautionary measures are observed,
      surgery can be conducted with the expectation of normal continence and
      significant reduction in local recurrence.

PMID- 3893952
TI  - Peranal coloanal anastomosis following low anterior resection for rectal
      carcinoma.
AB  - Since 1978, 41 patients (12 percent of all restorative operations) have undergone
      peranal coloanal reconstruction following anterior resection (LAR) for cancers of
      the midrectum. Twenty-seven patients (66 percent) were men and 14 patients (34
      percent) were women (mean, 58.8 years). The mean distance of the primary tumor
      from the anal verge was 6.7 cm and 50 percent of the primary tumors were
      considered highly mobile. In 29 patients, a hand-sewn anastomosis was performed
      between the colon and the dentate line. In the 12 most recent patients, the
      anastomosis was performed using a circular stapling instrument. A diverting
      colostomy should be employed in all cases and is closed approximately three
      months later. There has been no operative mortality. Morbidity included
      anastomotic separation (two patients), minor anastomotic defects (three
      patients), pelvic sepsis (two patients), and bacteremia of unknown origin (two
      patients). Where fecal diversion was employed, there were no instances of
      anastomotic leak. Two patients with hemorrhage were returned to the operating
      room. Thirty-seven of the 41 patients underwent curative resections. Thirty-three
      percent of the patients had Dukes' C lesions. With a median follow-up of 31
      months for the curative resections, 73 percent remain free of disease. Sixty-four
      percent of evaluable patients have either excellent or good anorectal function
      nine to 12 months after colostomy closure. Of 26 operations performed by one
      surgeon, 22 patients (85 percent) are currently evaluable. Nineteen (86 percent)
      of the 22 have normal or near-normal bowel function. Four guidelines for
      performing a functionally successful operation are presented. Coloanal
      reconstruction following LAR, were pull-through operations were previously
      required, is an excellent sphincter-preserving operation. The functional results
      one year after the operation are gratifying, with the majority of patients
      leading an active life with normal bowel function.

PMID- 3893954
TI  - Ultrasonic characteristics of ileal tuberculosis.
AB  - Knowledge of the "pseudokidney sign" has proven beneficial in order to identify
      bowel lesions during ultrasound examinations. Numerous causes of the
      "pseudokidney sign" have been reported. Until now, however, there have been no
      published reports describing its association with tuberculosis. A description is
      given of a case of ileal tuberculosis identified by ultrasound, together with an
      explanation of its cause.

PMID- 3893953
TI  - Adenosquamous carcinoma of the colon.
AB  - Two cases of primary adenosquamous carcinomas of the sigmoid colon and rectum are
      presented. Clinical features and pathologic findings of both primary and
      metastatic lesions are reported (including immunohistochemistry and electron
      microscopy). We emphasize that the presence of a metastatic squamous tumor in a
      patient with an unknown primary does not exclude the possibility of colonic
      carcinoma. Comparison with other reports in the American medical literature
      indicates that these are very aggressive tumors that may have a worse prognosis
      than the more common form of colonic adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, the squamous
      component, in particular, may have a greater potential for metastasizing and can
      do so as an undifferentiated-appearing carcinoma. In view of this, the authors
      suggest that very poorly differentiated areas within colonic adenocarcinomas
      should be very carefully evaluated by means of immunoperoxidase stains and/or
      electron microscopy in an attempt to identify squamous features.

PMID- 3893955
TI  - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Edward Thomas Campbell Milligan
      1886-1972. Surgical anatomy of the anal canal, and the operative treatment of
      haemorrhoids.

PMID- 3893956
TI  - Slow virus diseases of the central nervous system.

PMID- 3893957
TI  - [Rare malignant lymphoma--an analysis of 40 cases].

PMID- 3893958
TI  - [Diagnosis of prostatic malignant tumors].

PMID- 3893959
TI  - [Identification of the histidine residue in the active center of Escherichia coli
      RNA-polymerase].

PMID- 3893960
TI  - [Dissociative model of the thermoinactivation of NAD-dependent hydrogenase].

PMID- 3893961
TI  - [Cimetidine and ranitidine in intensive care patients. Double-blind randomized
      cross-over study on intravenous administration: hemodynamics, plasma coagulation,
      blood gases and acid-base status].
AB  - Intravenous cimetidine 200 mg, and ranitidine 50 mg were administered as 2 minute
      infusions to 50 intensive-care patients. Cimetidine and ranitidine differed
      significantly in their effect on systolic arterial blood pressure measured during
      the second minute (alpha = 0.01). In the case of cimetidine the haemodynamic
      parameters measured over 10 minutes revealed a clearly defined fall in systolic,
      diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure as well as a rise in heart rate. The
      initial values were regained 5 minutes after drug application. Adverse effects of
      ranitidine on haemodynamics were much less than those of cimetidine. Neither drug
      produced any essential change in clotting parameters (partial thromboplastin
      time, plasma thrombin time, thromboplastin time and fibrinogen) measured before
      and 5 minutes after application, nor had they any effect on blood-gases or acid
      base status.

PMID- 3893962
TI  - [Asystolic pauses in atrial fibrillation. Incidence, dependence on the underlying
      disease and significance for pacemaker therapy].
AB  - The frequency and duration of asystolic pauses in atrial fibrillation was
      investigated in 100 consecutive patients using 24-hour ECG's obtained by Holter
      monitoring. Patients were subdivided, according to the length of the maximal RR
      interval, into group A (no asystolic pauses over 2 seconds duration), group B
      (pauses between 2 and 4 seconds) and group C (asystoles over 4 seconds duration).
      Pauses longer than 2 seconds occurred in 57% of patients, but longer than 4
      seconds only in 6 cases. A statistically higher frequency was seen in patients
      with permanent (78.3%) than in those with paroxysmal (24.5%) atrial fibrillation,
      and in patients with rheumatic valve disease (82.4%) in comparison with the rest
      (54.3%). In contrast, pauses over 2 seconds occurred in only 22.2% of general
      medical ward patients. Up to 50% of all asystoles in groups A and B were
      registered during the night, whereas a day-night variation for group C was not
      apparent. No correlation could be demonstrated between dizziness and bradycardic
      conduction in group A and B, but all patients in group C made such complaints
      during the monitoring period. Asystoles of up to 4 seconds duration in atrial
      fibrillation can be regarded as "normal"; longer asystoles must be anticipated
      particularly in patients with rheumatic valvular disease. It is only here that
      permanent pacemaker therapy appears to be indicated.

PMID- 3893963
TI  - [Alcohol and diabetes].

PMID- 3893964
TI  - [Sexually transmissible gastrointestinal infections. Epidemiology, diagnosis and
      therapy].

PMID- 3893965
TI  - [50 years of sulfonamides].

PMID- 3893966
TI  - [Experiences with an oncophytotherapeutic agent].

PMID- 3893967
TI  - [Gastric emptying and blood glucose in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with
      autonomic neuropathy].
AB  - Gastric emptying following the ingestion of 200 ml orange juice was investigated
      sonographically in 24 insulin-dependent diabetics with and without autonomic
      neuropathy and in 11 control subjects. Furthermore, the relationship between
      emptying and blood glucose was determined. The duration of gastric emptying in
      all patients was negatively correlated with the heart rate variation (P less than
      0.01) and was longer in patients with autonomic neuropathy than in control
      subjects or patients without autonomic neuropathy (t1/2 48 +/- 12 min vs. 20 +/-
      9 min and 24 +/- 5 min, respectively, P less than 0.0005). The rise in blood
      glucose was positively correlated with the heart rate variation in all patients
      (P less than 0.01) and was slower in autonomic neuropathy (1.2 vs. 2.9 mg/dl X
      min, P less than 0.0005). The delayed carbohydrate absorption in autonomic
      neuropathy with slower gastric emptying could be important in the management of
      diabetic patients in whom metabolic control is difficult.

PMID- 3893968
TI  - Response of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in hospital patients at Muheza,
      Tanzania.

PMID- 3893969
TI  - Comparison of twice daily regimens of Actrapid and Monotard insulins.

PMID- 3893970
TI  - [In memory of Martin Gulzow--on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of his
      birthday on 10 May 1985].

PMID- 3893971
TI  - [Analytical microelectrophoresis of cells and the means for using it in
      oncological research].
AB  - Analysis of data on the study of electrophoretic cell mobility in the field of
      oncology is reviewed. Much attention is paid to the application of cell surface
      phenomena for the development of different diagnostic methods, especially for
      immunological diagnosis of cancer.

PMID- 3893972
TI  - [Use of nucleic acid preparative electrophoresis in molecular oncological
      research].
AB  - Application of preparative electrophoresis in agarose gel for isolation of
      chromosomal and extrachromosomal genetic elements is described. The above
      mentioned method is used for fractionation of chromosomal DNA according to the
      molecular weight; for isolation of the plasmid containing the insertion of the
      viral oncogene myc and for separation of the viral oncogene myc insertion from
      the vector (a linear form of plasmid pBR 322). The method can be successfully
      applied in molecular biology, microbiology and medicine.

PMID- 3893973
TI  - [Experimental models of 2-stage carcinogenesis].
AB  - The regularities observed in the experiments carried out by the two-stage scheme
      (initiation-promotion) are considered. Apart from the mouse skin in which these
      regularities are established, the phenomenon of initiation-promotion is
      reproduced on the epithelial tumours of the liver, bladder, colon, thyroid,
      mammary gland, epithelial and mesenchymal tumours of the uterus. The following
      properties of the promoters are listed: lack of mutagenicity; weak
      carcinogenicity towards the target organ; threshold of the promoting effect;
      cessation of carcinogenesis after the promoting treatment has been stopped;
      organotropism. Approaches and principles of chemical compound testing for
      cocarcinogenic and promoting activity are considered.

PMID- 3893974
TI  - Studies on diabetes mellitus after ventromedial hypothalamic lesions in adult and
      aged rats.
AB  - The signs of obesity and diabetes in 49 adult and 56 aged female Wistar rats were
      studied following complete and histologically confirms bilateral lesions of
      ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei. Persistent diabetes was found in 14 out of a
      total of 56 aged animals, while in a group of 49 adult females only one animal
      showed definite signs of this disease. In addition, several changes of lipid and
      glucose metabolism together with increased level of immunoreactive insulin and
      severe changes in the histological picture of pancreatic islets and beta-cells
      were observed.

PMID- 3893975
TI  - Radiologic triage of the multiply-injured patient.
AB  - Integration of the principles of triage in the radiographic assessment of the
      trauma victim should allow efficient and timely diagnosis of most serious
      injuries. Use of the portable apparatus is stressed as the initial approach, but
      caution must be exercised in the exclusion of significant injuries by this
      method. Careful reading of additional information on films taken for a primary
      reason may allow the early diagnosis of associated problems (e.g., evaluating the
      upper airway on cervical spine views and the diaphragms on a chest film). Close
      cooperation between the emergency physician and radiologist is important in order
      to obtain the highest diagnostic accuracy in caring for victims of multiple
      trauma.

PMID- 3893976
TI  - Head and facial trauma.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) plays a vital role in the evaluation of head and facial
      trauma. This article describes various lesions in such patients and details their
      CT findings.

PMID- 3893977
TI  - The radiographic evaluation of spinal trauma.
AB  - The authors describe a systematic approach to the radiographic evaluation of
      spinal trauma, discussing cervical spine anatomy, the mechanism of injury, and
      classification of injuries, and then discuss several specific injuries of the
      cervical and thoracolumbar spine and their radiographic evaluation.

PMID- 3893978
TI  - Evaluation of the chest radiograph in the emergency department patient.
AB  - This article discusses the differential diagnosis of abnormal radiographic
      patterns most commonly seen in emergency department patients with chest disease.
      Conditions associated with trauma are also described.

PMID- 3893979
TI  - Radiology of the urinary system in the emergency department.
AB  - Three straightforward radiologic examinations are the cornerstone of the
      diagnosis of a wide variety of urinary tract pathology that may be encountered in
      the emergency department. This article reviews some technical aspects of the
      examinations, the radiologic findings, and some controversial aspects of the
      diagnosis and subsequent management of these patients.

PMID- 3893980
TI  - Abdominal trauma.
AB  - Abdominal injuries are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. In the face
      of more obvious traumatic lesions, life-threatening intra-abdominal injuries may
      be initially overlooked. Plain abdominal and chest radiographs may prove
      diagnostic for specific injuries. However, normal or equivocal studies should not
      exclude the diagnosis of significant abdominal trauma. In patients who are
      clinically stable in whom there is suspicion of abdominal injury, additional
      imaging procedures should be undertaken for more definitive evaluation. At this
      time, computed tomography is the examination of choice for the assessment of the
      liver, spleen, and kidneys. In all cases, direct consultation with the
      radiologist should lead to the most expeditious plan for evaluation of the
      traumatized patient.

PMID- 3893981
TI  - Plain film diagnosis of the acute abdomen.
AB  - Abdominal plain films are essential for accurate assessment of the acute abdomen.
      In many cases, they may confirm the presence of a perforated viscus, colonic
      obstruction, or other abnormality requiring immediate surgical intervention.
      Alternatively, they may suggest relatively benign disease and help avoid
      unnecessary operations in these patients. In either case, emergency room
      physicians should benefit greatly from a systematic approach to the plain film
      diagnosis of the acute abdomen.

PMID- 3893982
TI  - Emergency radiology in childhood.
AB  - Radiologic aspects of childhood illness and injury differ from those of adults,
      and specific investigational plans and techniques are necessary. In this article,
      common illnesses and complaints referred to the respiratory, gastrointestinal,
      and skeletal systems are discussed. For each, the initial radiologic examination
      is indicated, and follow-up consultation and investigation are described.

PMID- 3893983
TI  - Computed tomography and ultrasound of the traumatized and acutely ill patient.
AB  - CT and ultrasound have become invaluable diagnostic tools in the radiologic
      evaluation of the traumatized and acutely ill patient. CT is the imaging modality
      of choice in blunt abdominal trauma, retroperitoneal injury and some types of
      pelvic injury. Ultrasound plays an important role in the evaluation of patients
      presenting with right upper quadrant pain, renal failure, scrotal pain and
      enlargement, or pain and bleeding during pregnancy. CT should be reserved for
      patients with complicated pancreatitis or some forms of renal infection. Thus, CT
      and ultrasound are important imaging modalities in the work-up of many patients
      treated by the emergency room physician.

PMID- 3893984
TI  - Malpractice law and emergency department medicine.
AB  - This article summarizes current law pertaining to medical malpractice litigation,
      focusing on the special medical/legal problems encountered by the emergency
      physician and defining the applicable legal standard of care. The discussion
      includes the issues of informed consent, documentation of emergency room
      treatment, advice and instruction to patients, legal abandonment, and the
      implications of the failure of an attending physician to authorize admission of
      an emergency department patient contrary to the advice of the emergency
      physician. The requirements for countersuits against lawyers and patients for the
      initiation of frivolous or malicious lawsuits is summarized.

PMID- 3893985
TI  - Lesions involving the suprachiasmatic nucleus eliminate the glucagon response to
      intracranial injection of 2-deoxy-D-glucose.
AB  - The role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus in the glucagon
      response to intracranial injection of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) was examined using
      rats with lesions involving the SCN under 12-h light (0800-2000 h), 12-h dark
      (2000-0800 h) illumination. In sham-operated rats, 2DG injection into the lateral
      cerebral ventricle caused rapid increase in the plasma glucagon level, which was
      associated with increase in the plasma glucose concentration in both the light
      and dark period. The glucagon responses to 2DG injection in the light and dark
      periods were similar. In contrast, lesions involving the SCN not only reduced the
      plasma glucagon level before 2DG injection but also completely eliminated the
      glucagon response to 2DG injection, which was not associated with a rise in
      plasma glucose concentration. Under free feeding conditions, plasma insulin level
      was higher and lower in rats with the lesions involving the SCN than that in
      controls at 1400 h and 0200 h, respectively, but the glucagon level was lower in
      rats with the lesions than that in controls both at 1400 h and 0200 h. These
      findings suggest that the area including bilateral SCN has a regulatory
      (stimulatory) action on glucagon secretion from the pancreas and is involved in
      the glucagon response to 2DG injection into the lateral cerebral ventricle.

PMID- 3893986
TI  - Insulin suppresses triiodothyronine-induced growth hormone secretion by GH3 rat
      pituitary cells.
AB  - Physiological doses of insulin were shown by us to suppress basal and
      hydrocortisone (HCT)-induced GH secretion and GH mRNA levels in GH3 rat pituitary
      cells. Because T3 stimulates GH gene expression, the effects of semisynthetic
      human insulin were tested on T3-induced GH secretion. Cells were first incubated
      for 48 h in medium containing insulin and fetal calf serum (10%) depleted of T3
      and T4 by ion exchange resin. Insulin suppression of basal GH secretion was
      independent of T3, as insulin (0.7 nM) suppressed basal secretion of GH by 40% in
      T3-depleted cells. Medium glucose concentrations and cell proliferation did not
      differ in control or insulin-treated wells. The 4-fold increase in GH secretion
      induced by added T3 (0.5 nM) during 72 h was suppressed up to 40% by insulin (P
      less than 0.001). This suppression was maximal with 3.5 nM insulin and occurred
      after a lag period of 48 h. The previously described 20-fold synergistic
      stimulation of GH by T3 (0.5 nM) together with HCT (1 microM) was also suppressed
      by insulin (3.5 nM) by 80% during 72 h of incubation. The selectivity of the
      inhibitory effects of insulin on GH were also shown when the T3-induced
      suppression of PRL secretion was reversed by insulin treatment. The data show
      that physiological doses of insulin antagonize T3-induced stimulation of GH
      secretion and also partially block the synergistic stimulation of GH by T3 and
      HCT. As T3 and HCT probably stimulate GH gene transcription at different sites,
      insulin may suppress GH gene expression at a more distal site. Alternatively, the
      inhibitory effects of insulin on T3-induced GH secretion in these cells may be
      posttranscriptional.

PMID- 3893987
TI  - Role of extra- and intracellular calcium and calmodulin in renin release from rat
      kidney.
AB  - Renin release from the juxtaglomerular cell appears to be inversely related to
      calcium concentration. We studied the role of Ca+2 to confirm recent findings and
      to further explore the role of intracellular calcium as well as the calcium
      calmodulin system in renin release. A rat renal cortical slice preparation was
      used. Isoproterenol (10(-6) M) caused significant stimulation of renin release,
      whereas angiotensin (AII; 5 X 10(-5) M) suppressed basal as well as isoproterenol
      stimulated renin release. Removal of calcium from the buffer reversed AII
      suppression of renin release. Nifedipine (10(-5) M), a specific calcium channel
      blocker, induced a marked increase in basal renin release. TMB-8, an inhibitor of
      intracellular calcium release, also caused a dose-related increase in basal renin
      release. The calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and calmidazolium both caused
      significant dose-related increases; however, calmidazolium was a more potent
      stimulator. Low extracellular calcium or nifedipine concentrations did not alter
      isoproterenol-induced renin release. Isoproterenol further stimulated renin
      release in the presence of trifluoperazine and calmidazolium. These results
      suggest that acute beta-adrenergic stimulation of renin in independent of changes
      in levels of extracellular and intracellular calcium and calmodulin. These
      studies provide further evidence that unlike most other secretory systems, the
      reduction of intracellular calcium or inhibition of the calcium-calmodulin system
      in the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney acts as a secretogogue.

PMID- 3893988
TI  - Estradiol stimulates rat renopapillary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), but not PGF2
      alpha biosynthesis.
AB  - The effects of estrogen on renal prostaglandin (PG) and renin-angiotensin were
      investigated in rats in relation to sodium metabolism and blood pressure
      regulation. Regardless of estrous cycle phase, PGE2 urinary excretion in females
      was 2-3 times higher than that in males and was associated with higher sodium
      excretion. A positive correlation was observed between urinary PGE2 and free
      estradiol concentrations. Reno-papillary PGE2 synthesis in vitro after slice
      incubation was higher in estrous females than in males. Ovariectomy resulted in a
      marked decrease in PGE2 renal synthesis and excretion, and estradiol
      administration (50 micrograms, im) restored these to levels comparable to those
      in cycling females. This estradiol treatment also was associated with a 3-fold
      rise in PRA without alteration in blood pressure. In estrogen-primed
      ovariectomized rats, infusion of the angiotensin antagonist Sar1-Ala8-angiotensin
      II at a rate of 30 micrograms/microliter X h resulted in a further rise in PRA as
      well as a significant decrease in renal PGE2 synthesis and excretion toward
      values observed in the ovariectomized animals. In contrast, renal synthesis and
      excretion of PGF2 showed no fluctuations during identical variations in
      estrogenic states. The results suggest that estradiol stimulates renal PGE2, but
      not PGF2 alpha, synthesis not only via a direct stimulatory action, but also
      through augmentation of the renin-angiotensin II axis. This increase in
      vasodilatory PGE2 may function to offset the prohypertensive effects of the
      estrogen-stimulated renin-angiotensin axis.

PMID- 3893989
TI  - In vivo gonadotropin-releasing hormone release and serum luteinizing hormone
      measurements in ovariectomized, estrogen-treated rhesus macaques.
AB  - The push-pull perfusion technique was used to measure GnRH release in
      unanesthetized female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and to examine the dynamic
      relationship between GnRH release and LH levels during the estrogen-induced LH
      surge. Each ovariectomized macaque was anesthetized and stereotaxically fitted
      with a push-pull cannula directed into the median eminence (ME). After at least 1
      week of recovery, each animal received an estradiol benzoate (E2B) injection (42
      micrograms/kg BW) or an oil (OIL) injection and underwent push-pull perfusion of
      the ME and blood sampling for at least 5 h between 28 and 56 h postinjection.
      Continuous 10-min push-pull perfusates were collected and prepared for GnRH RIA.
      Peripheral venous blood samples were obtained either hourly or every 10 min, and
      serum LH levels were determined by Leydig cell bioassay. GnRH release was
      detectable and pulsatile in areas in or adjacent to the ME or arcuate nucleus. In
      eight OIL monkeys, GnRH pulses were regular (approximately one pulse every 60
      min) and of low amplitude (14.7 +/- 12.0 pg), with a mean GnRH release rate of
      4.0 +/- 1.7 pg/10 min. In five E2B-treated monkeys, GnRH release during the
      rising phase of the LH surge occurred as an apparent burst of high amplitude GnRH
      pulses. The mean GnRH release rate (37.5 +/- 17.9 pg/10 min) and mean GnRH pulse
      amplitude (170.0 +/- 90.0 pg) during the 5 h before the peak LH level in E2B
      treated monkeys were greater than OIL values (P less than 0.025, mean release; P
      less than 0.05, mean amplitude). Within individual E2B-treated monkeys, hourly
      mean GnRH release rates were significantly correlated with LH levels during the
      ascending limb of the LH surge (r = 0.75 +/- 0.11; P less than 0.025). We have
      concluded that an increase in GnRH neurosecretion occurs in E2B-treated monkeys
      and that it is associated with generation of the LH surge. On the basis of our
      observations, we hypothesize that the primate hypothalamus, through changes in
      GnRH secretion, actively participates in the E2B-induced LH surge.

PMID- 3893990
TI  - The corpus luteum of the primate menstrual cycle is capable of recovering from a
      transient withdrawal of pituitary gonadotropin support.
AB  - To further our understanding of the role of pituitary gonadotropin secretion in
      the control of corpus luteum function during the primate menstrual cycle, we have
      used an experimental model which enables us to directly control pituitary
      gonadotropin secretion throughout the luteal phase. Specifically, we have asked
      whether cessation of progesterone secretion, or functional luteolysis, resulting
      from a 3-day withdrawal of gonadotropin support, culminates in an irreversible
      loss of luteal responsiveness to further gonadotropic stimulation; and do the
      effects of gonadotropin deprivation vary with the age of the corpus luteum?
      Endogenous gonadotropin secretion was abolished in seven adult rhesus monkeys by
      placing radiofrequency lesions in the arcuate nucleus region of the medial basal
      hypothalamus. Endogenous gonadotropin secretion and ovulatory menstrual cycles
      were then restored by chronic pulsatile infusion of GnRH (1 pulse/h). Control
      luteal phases supported by this GnRH regimen exhibited typical plasma
      progesterone patterns and ranged from 14-17 days in length. In experimental
      cycles, endogenous gonadotropin secretion was interrupted for a 3-day period
      during the early (days 2-5), mid (days 8-11), or late (days 13-16) stages of the
      luteal phase. During the GnRH deprivation period, bioassayable and immunoreactive
      serum LH was undetectable. The disappearance of circulating LH was followed by a
      rapid fall in plasma progesterone levels regardless of the stage of the luteal
      phase. The restoration of gonadotropin secretion resulted in a resumption of
      progesterone secretion when the gonadotropin deprivation period was imposed
      during the early or midluteal phase. In each instance, the resumption of
      progesterone secretion continued for a period of time which effectively completed
      the typical 14- to 17-day functional lifespan of the corpus luteum of the
      menstrual cycle. Thus, the luteal phase was neither shortened nor lengthened by a
      3-day interruption of luteal function resulting from withdrawal of gonadotropic
      support. When gonadotropin secretion was interrupted during the late luteal phase
      (days 13-16), restoration of gonadotropin secretion on day 16 did not result in
      resumption of progesterone secretion. Our findings confirm our earlier
      demonstration that progesterone secretion during the luteal phase of the non
      fertile menstrual cycle is dependent on pituitary gonadotropic support.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3893991
TI  - Properties of low density lipoprotein binding by cultured swine granulosa cells.
AB  - The properties of low density lipoprotein (LDL) binding to ovarian cells were
      investigated in cultured swine granulosa cells in serum-free monolayer cultures.
      Swine and human LDL bound with high affinity and specificity, with apparent
      dissociation constant (Kd) values for swine and human LDL of 1.1 and 3.6
      micrograms/ml at 4 C, and 2.7 and 4.8 micrograms/ml at 37 C. In contrast, high
      density lipoprotein competed sparingly with [125I]iodo-LDL with an apparent half
      maximally inhibitory concentration of 650 micrograms/ml. Binding of LDL was
      dependent upon arginine residues within the apoprotein B moiety, since covalent
      modification of LDL with 1,2-cyclohexanedione markedly reduced its ability to
      compete for binding or degradation and to support progesterone biosynthesis. This
      specific, high affinity saturable binding of LDL to pig granulosa cells exhibited
      a maximal binding capacity of 0.7 micrograms LDL protein/mg DNA, which
      corresponds to approximately 5500 LDL receptors per cell. The relative time
      course of LDL binding, internalization, and degradation by swine granulosa cells
      was assessed by examining trypsin-releasable (surface-bound) and trypsin
      resistant (internalized) [125I]iodo-LDL. At 37 C, granulosa cells exhibited a
      rapid increase in surface-bound lipoprotein, followed by delayed but subsequently
      progressive increases in internalized and degraded LDL. LDL degradation by swine
      granulosa cells was a saturable, temperature- and time-dependent process, with
      half-maximal degradation occurring at a concentration of 16 micrograms/ml LDL.
      This correlates closely with the half-maximal concentration of LDL that
      stimulates progesterone secretion. Degradation of [125I]iodo-LDL was not
      attributable to bulk fluid-phase pinocytosis, since the cellular ingestion of an
      impermeant probe, [125I]iodo-polyvinylpyrrolidone, occurred at 1/40 the rate of
      lipoprotein degradation. In addition, degradation of [125I]iodo-LDL was
      specifically inhibited by excess unlabeled LDL, decreased by prior exposure of
      granulosa cells to the soluble sterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, and antagonized by
      the lysosomotrophic agent, chloroquine. Moreover, in separate experiments, rates
      of degradation of LDL were found to be significantly correlated with progesterone
      one production (r = +0.88, P less than 0.01). In summary, swine granulosa cells
      exhibit specific, high affinity, saturable, and low capacity receptors for
      homologous and heterologous LDL. These LDL recognition sites on ovarian cells
      depend upon cyclohexanedione-sensitive arginine residues with the apoprotein B
      moiety for effective binding, internalization, and functional (steroidogenic)
      responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3893992
TI  - Effects of ovarian hormones on the concentrations of immunoreactive neuropeptide
      Y in discrete brain regions of the female rat: correlation with serum luteinizing
      hormone (LH) and median eminence LH-releasing hormone.
AB  - Recent pharmacological studies have suggested a role for neuropeptide Y (NPY) in
      control of LH secretion. The present study examined the effects of estradiol
      benzoate (EB) given alone or in combination with progesterone (P), on the
      concentrations of immunoreactive NPY in microdissected nuclei of the rat brain,
      in association with changes in LHRH concentrations and LH release. Forty-eight
      hours after the administration of EB to ovariectomized rats, serum LH was
      significantly reduced. Concentrations of NPY, measured by a sensitive and
      specific RIA, were also reduced in the median eminence, arcuate nucleus, and
      interstitial nucleus of the stria terminalis. As expected, administration of P to
      these EB-primed rats induced a sequential rise and fall of LHRH in the median
      eminence, followed by a marked LH surge in the afternoon. Interestingly, NPY
      concentrations in the median eminence also increased and then decreased after P,
      with a time course similar to that shown by LHRH. In the arcuate nucleus and
      interstitial nucleus of the stria terminalis, P treatment did not affect NPY
      concentrations further. Sequential EB plus P treatment significantly reduced NPY
      levels in the medial preoptic nucleus compared to oil vehicle controls. Levels of
      immunoreactive NPY in the ventromedial nucleus and periventricular nucleus were
      largely unaffected by ovarian hormone treatments. These results indicate that
      ovarian steroids, which modulate LH secretion, affect NPY concentrations in those
      specific areas of the brain which are known to be innervated by the LHRH neurons.
      These observations support the hypothesis that NPY may participate in the neural
      regulation of LHRH and LH secretion.

PMID- 3893993
TI  - Neuropeptide Y in bovine adrenal glands: distribution and characterization.
AB  - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) distribution in bovine adrenal glands was studied by RIA and
      immunohistochemical technique. NPY content (picomoles per mg protein +/- SEM) of
      chromaffin cells, medulla, cortex, and whole glands was 4.2 +/- 0.16, 2.7 +/-
      0.28, 0.19 +/- 0.02, and 0.94 +/- 0.14, respectively, while the chromaffin
      granule NPY content was 53. Immunohistochemically, NPY immunoreactivity was
      detected in norepinephrine containing chromaffin cells and also in nerve fibers
      crossing through adrenal cortex and medulla. NPY and enkephalin
      immunoreactivities were found in distinct chromaffin cells. Biochemical
      characterization by HPLC revealed two major NPY immunoreactive peptides. The most
      abundant molecular form was identified as authentic NPY.

PMID- 3893994
TI  - Increased level of immunoreactive neuron-specific enolase in thyroid C cells from
      dogs and guinea pigs after chronic hypercalcemia.
AB  - Immunocytochemical localization of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in thyroid C
      cells was investigated in various mammalian species. In bovine thyroid glands
      most of the C cells were weakly immunoreactive to anti-NSE antiserum. In other
      mammalian species, including dogs, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, pigs, rats,
      hamsters, mice, and monkeys, some C cells or only a few C cells were weakly
      immunoreactive to the antiserum. It seems that normal C cells contain NSE in
      small amounts only or are devoid of NSE. After chronically induced hypercalcemia,
      C cells revealed hypertrophic and hyperplastic features. Whereas immunoreactive
      calcitonin was markedly decreased, marked increase of immunoreactive NSE was
      observed in C cells of both dogs and guinea pigs; almost all C cells were filled
      with reaction product for NSE. After administration of ethylenethiourea for a
      period of 3-8 months, C cells revealed a marked decrease of secretory granules
      and appearance of vesicular inclusions of various sizes, which were
      immunoreactive to the calcitonin antiserum, indicating a disturbance of
      calcitonin synthesis. No immunoreactivity for NSE was observed in C cells from
      dogs and guinea pigs so treated. In rabbits showing hypocalcemic tetany,
      calcitonin immunoreactivity was very intense and NSE immunoreactivity was faint
      to negative in the C cells. Thus, the level of NSE in C cells was clearly
      connected with the functional activity of the cells.

PMID- 3893995
TI  - Studies of the regulation of mouse renin genes by measurement of renin messenger
      ribonucleic acid.
AB  - The transcriptional activity of renin genes in the mouse kidney and submandibular
      gland (SMG) was examined by measurement of renin messenger RNA (mRNA) (nanograms
      per g tissue) and compared with renin activity (micromoles angiotensin I per h/g
      tissue). In control adult mice renin mRNA and renin activity (in parentheses)
      were 1.8 +/- 0.24 (11 +/- 1.1) in male kidney, 3.6 +/- 0.66 (18 +/- 2.8) in
      female kidney, 230 +/- 34 (903 +/- 59) in male SMG, and 31 +/- 6 (188 +/- 47) in
      female SMG (mean +/- SE, n = 6). The ratio of renin mRNA among these four tissues
      was similar to that of renin activity (1:2:100:17, respectively). Although the
      values in male kidney were one one-hundredth those in SMG, 1000 to 10000 times
      more SMG cells are involved per gram of tissue so that, per renin-synthesizing
      cell, kidney values would be 10 to 100 times SMG values. Expression of renin
      gene(s) in a renal juxtaglomerular cell may thus be higher than in a SMG granular
      duct cell. Values in adult male SMG were a consequence of a 40-fold rise at
      puberty, were decreased to 16% (+/- 3.8) by castration, but were not
      significantly influenced by treatment with testosterone, T4, propylthiouracil,
      sodium depletion, or spironolactone. Renin mRNA in adult female SMG was 18-fold
      higher than juvenile values, was increased 10-fold (+/- 1.6) by testosterone (to
      adult male levels) and 5.5-fold (+/- 0.81) by T4 (P less than 0.005), but was
      decreased to 42% (+/- 29) of normal by propylthiouracil (P less than 0.05).
      Propylthiouracil caused a small but significant decrease in testosterone-treated
      female values. In the kidney renin mRNA was increased 3.0-fold (+/- 0.30) by
      captopril, 2.3-fold (+/- 0.23) by a low sodium diet, and 1.7-fold (+/- 0.13) by
      spironolactone after 1 week, whereas T4, testosterone, or propylthiouracil had
      little or no effect. Sialoadenectomy increased renin mRNA and renin in male but
      not in female kidney, suggesting that a SMG factor, possibly renin, may have a
      role in suppression of renin synthesis in male kidney. In conclusion, measurement
      of renin mRNA suggests that testosterone regulates renin gene expression by a
      direct effect in male mouse SMG, whereas in the female regulation is by thyroid
      hormone. In the kidney conditions which increase renin content are accompanied by
      parallel (5-fold higher) increases in renin mRNA, suggesting enhanced expression
      of renin gene(s) in renal juxtaglomerular cells in chronic low sodium states.

PMID- 3893996
TI  - Secretion of ovine luteinizing hormone in vitro: differential positive control by
      17 beta-estradiol and a preparation of porcine ovarian inhibin.
AB  - 17 beta-Estradiol (E2) and an enriched preparation of porcine ovarian inhibin can
      positively regulate LH secretion in two different ways in ovine pituitary cell
      cultures. One major effect of these agents is to increase the sensitivity of
      cultures to low levels of LHRH or LHRH analogs. The second effect is to increase
      culture responsiveness to high levels of LHRH or its analogs. Prolonged treatment
      with 1 nM E2, for instance, increased pituitary sensitivity to D-Lys6-LHRH by 10
      fold, since it lowered the ED50 of D-Lys6-LHRH from approximately 400 pM to about
      40 pM; the maximum LH secretory response to D-Lys6-LHRH (1-100 nM) was not
      changed, however. In contrast, short term treatment with an E2-free preparation
      of porcine ovarian inhibin could increase, by 350%, normal LH responsiveness to
      high levels of D-Lys6-LHRH (1-100 nM), but had no effect on sensitivity; the ED50
      remained unchanged. Chronic treatment with inhibin eventually increased
      sensitivity, and interestingly, a short treatment with E2 (6 h) caused a major
      increase in both sensitivity and responsiveness, but the responsiveness component
      usually disappeared between 6 and 48 h of chronic E2 treatment. Treatment with
      both E2 and the inhibin preparation caused the greatest increase in pituitary
      sensitivity to D-Lys6-LHRH (ED50 decreased to approximately 30 pM), but the
      increased responsiveness to D-Lys6-LHRH (1-100 nM) declined with time as with E2
      only treatment. The different actions of E2 and the ovarian inhibin preparation
      seen to perturb different aspects of LH secretion. Therefore, study of these
      phenomena may uncover novel molecular details governing LHRH-stimulated LH
      release. Furthermore, these two types of LH secretory control may be
      physiologically important, at least in sheep, and perhaps in other animals as
      well.

PMID- 3893997
TI  - Interaction of caerulein, glucose, and amino acids on insulin secretion from the
      perfused rat pancreas.
AB  - The effect of caerulein on insulin response to graded amounts of glucose from the
      isolated perfused rat pancreas was investigated in the presence or absence of an
      amino acids mixture. Caerulein at a concentration of 0.1 ng/ml which is a
      submaximal concentration for an effect on exocrine pancreatic secretion
      potentiated insulin responses to glucose concentrations less than 200 mg/dl, but
      produced no further increase when added to a glucose stimulus over a 200 mg/dl.
      However, in the presence of amino acids the insulin response to 200 mg/dl glucose
      was significantly potentiated by the stimulation of 0.1 ng/ml caerulein. The
      effectiveness of caerulein as an insulinotropic agent depended on the glucose
      concentration only when amino acids were present. These results indicate that
      caerulein, at a concentration which stimulate pancreatic exocrine secretion, has
      a synergistic effect on insulin response to glucose and amino acids and therefore
      raises the possibility that endogenously released CCK may contribute to the
      entero-insular axis.

PMID- 3893998
TI  - Resistance to fracture of restored endodontically treated teeth.

PMID- 3893999
TI  - Ultrasound-guided percutaneous and transhepatic cholecystostomy: a complementary
      procedure to therapeutic endoscopy.
AB  - Percutaneous cholecystostomy is an expanding technique since the use of
      ultrasonography permits a precise puncture of the gall bladder. Cholecystitis is
      a classical complication of endoscopic maneuvers in the biliary tract or can be
      associated with obstructive jaundice. Following their results the authors
      conclude on the usefulness of percutaneous cholecystostomy as a complementary
      procedure to non-operative management of biliary diseases.

PMID- 3894000
TI  - The mediation of mutagenicity and clastogenicity of heavy metals by
      physicochemical factors.
AB  - Heavy metals are an important class of environmental hazards, and as the use of
      heavy metals metals in industry continues to increase, larger segments of the
      biota, including human beings, will be exposed to increasing levels of these
      toxicants. As many heavy metals are mutagenic and clastogenic, they cause
      teratogenic and/or carcinogenic effects. Studies with microbes and
      representatives of the aquatic biota have shown that the toxicity of heavy metals
      is mediated by the physicochemical characteristics of natural environments. A few
      studies have also indicated that such abiotic factors (e.g. pH, chelating agents,
      inorganic anionic and cationic composition) mediate the mutagenicity and
      clastogenicity of heavy metals. These studies indicate that the physicochemical
      characteristics of natural environments may also potentiate or attenuate the
      mutagenicity and clastogenicity of heavy metals to the indigenous biota.
      Furthermore, studies with laboratory animals have shown that the acute and
      chronic toxicity, including the teratogenicity and carcinogenicity, of heavy
      metals is mediated by physicochemical factors. A similar dependence of the
      mutagenicity and clastogenicity of heavy metals by the physicochemical
      characteristics unique to specific body fluids and tissues may explain the
      association of specific heavy metal-induced tumors with specific tissues. There
      is an apparent need to develop genotoxicity tests that incorporate into their
      procedures the mediating influence of physicochemical factors (pH, for example),
      as the use of only standardized procedures may hinder the detection of heavy
      metal, as well as of organic, genotoxins whose mutagenicity or clastogenicity is
      altered by conditions other than those used in the standardized assay, thereby
      producing false negative results.

PMID- 3894001
TI  - Insulin levels, hunger, and food intake: an example of feedback loops in body
      weight regulation.
AB  - The paper reviews studies considering whether hyperinsulinemia, and its resultant
      effects on adipose tissue mass, can alter perceived hunger, taste, and food
      consumption. It also describes work addressing the reciprocal question of whether
      cues associated with food can affect insulin response. Specifically, four general
      categories of studies are presented. First, studies considering the causes and
      physiological consequences of chronic hyperinsulinemia are reviewed. Second, work
      investigating environmental and cognitive influences on insulin secretion are
      described. These show that high acute levels of insulin can be produced by simply
      seeing and thinking about food and that individuals showing this response show a
      greater tendency toward weight gain in a food-abundant environment. Third,
      studies are covered in which direct manipulations of insulin level, controlling
      for blood glucose, are performed. These experiments show that elevations in
      insulin produce increased hunger, heightened perceived pleasantness of sweet
      taste, and increased food intake. Finally, a study is described that considers
      how different insulin levels, produced by the type of food ingested, may affect
      subsequent food intake. Together, these studies show that "overeating" is caused
      by a complex feedback system of environmental, behavioral, and biological
      factors.

PMID- 3894002
TI  - Whole-body vibration: exposure time and acute effects--a review.

PMID- 3894003
TI  - Hormone processing and membrane-bound proteinases in yeast.
AB  - A search for maturating peptidases of the precursor protein of the mating hormone
      (pheromone) alpha-factor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was performed using short
      model peptides representing those sequences of the precursor protein, where
      cleavage is thought to occur in vivo. This search was done in a mutant lacking
      several of the unspecific vacuolar peptidases. The chromogenic peptide Cbz-Tyr
      Lys-Arg-4-nitroanilide led to the detection of a membrane-bound enzyme called
      proteinase yscF. Cleavage of the synthetic peptide derivative occurs after the
      basic amino acid pair, a proposed signal for hormone processing. Optimum pH for
      the reaction is 7.2. The enzyme does not cleave after single basic amino acid
      residues indicating that it is distinct from trypsin-like proteinases.
      Proteolytic activity is enhanced by Triton X-100. The enzyme is strongly
      inhibited by EGTA, EDTA and mercurials but insensitive to phenylmethylsulfonyl
      fluoride. The enzyme activity is strongly dependent on Ca2+ ions. In a mutant
      (kex2), which accumulates an over-glycosylated alpha-factor precursor, no
      proteinase yscF activity can be found. Membrane-bound peptidase activity possibly
      involved in removal of the arginyl and lysyl residues remaining at the carboxy
      terminus of the alpha-factor pheromone peptide after the initial cut of the
      precursor molecule could be identified by using the model peptides Cbz-Tyr-Lys
      Arg and Cbz-Tyr-Lys.

PMID- 3894004
TI  - Two translational initiation sites in the infB gene are used to express
      initiation factor IF2 alpha and IF2 beta in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The gene infB codes for the two forms of translational initiation factor IF2: IF2
      alpha (97 300 daltons) and IF2 beta (79 700 daltons). To determine whether the
      two forms differ at their N terminus, purified IF2 alpha and IF2 beta were
      subjected to 11 or more steps of Edman degradation. The N-terminal amino acid
      sequences are completely different, but match perfectly the DNA sequences at the
      beginning of the infB open reading frame and an in-phase region 471 bp
      downstream. A fusion was constructed between the proximal half of the infB gene
      and the lacZ gene lacking the region coding for the first eight amino acids. The
      fused gene expresses two products of 170 000 and 150 000 daltons, corresponding
      to the fused proteins IF2 alpha-beta-galactosidase and IF2 beta-beta
      galactosidase, which confirms in vivo that the IF2 forms differ at their N
      terminus. A deletion of the 5'-non-translated region of the fused gene, including
      the Shine/Dalgarno ribosomal binding site, results in the expression of IF2 beta
      beta-galactosidase but not IF2 alpha-beta-galactosidase. This strongly suggests
      that IF2 beta results from independent translation rather than from a precise
      proteolytic cleavage of IF2 alpha. Further evidence for initiation of protein
      synthesis at the putative IF2 alpha and IF2 beta start sites was sought by using
      an in vitro dipeptide synthesis assay. A DNA fragment containing the entire infB
      gene was cloned into three plasmid vectors and the resulting recombinant DNAs
      were used as templates in assays containing fMet-tRNA and various labelled
      aminoacyl-tRNAs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3894005
TI  - Production of thiol-penicillin-binding protein 3 of Escherichia coli using a two
      primer method of site-directed mutagenesis.
AB  - The active site serine residue of penicillin-binding protein 3 of Escherichia
      coli that is acylated by penicillin (Ser-307) has been converted to a cysteine
      residue using a simple and efficient two primer method of site-directed
      mutagenesis. The resulting thiol-penicillin-binding protein 3 was expressed under
      the control of the lacUV5 promoter in a high copy number plasmid. Constitutive
      expression of the thiol-enzyme (but not of the wild-type enzyme) was lethal, and
      the plasmid could only be maintained in E. coli strains that carried the lacIq
      mutation. Induction of the expression of the thiol-enzyme resulted in inhibition
      of cell division and the growth of the bacteria into very long filamentous cells.
      The inhibition of septation was probably due to interference of the function of
      the wild-type penicillin-binding protein 3 in cell division by the enzymatically
      inactive thiol-enzyme, and this implies that penicillin-binding protein 3 acts as
      part of a complex in vivo. We were unable to detect any acylation of the thiol
      enzyme by penicillin, but it is not yet clear if this was because the thioester
      was not formed at an appreciable rate, or if it was formed but was too unstable
      to be detected by a modified penicillin-binding protein assay.

PMID- 3894006
TI  - The invertible P-DNA segment in the chromosome of Escherichia coli.
AB  - In the chromosome of many strains of Escherichia coli K12 the excisable element
      e14 is found, which contains an invertible DNA region. This invertible P region,
      and the gene responsible for the inversion (pin) were cloned, together with other
      e14 sequences. The element e14 contains a gene which kills the host cell. This
      can be repressed by a function also coded by e14. The kil and repressor genes as
      well as the attachment site of the element were mapped in different regions of
      the element. The invertible segment and pin gene were sequenced. The invertible
      segment is 1794 bp long, and contains one large internal open reading frame of
      879 bp and reading frames which overlap the end pont of the invertible segment.
      Although pin highly homologous to gin of phage Mu, neither the genetic
      organization of the P segment nor the sequence of the putative proteins resemble
      the invertible G segment of phage Mu (which codes for genes involved in tail
      fiber assembly). The complete DNA sequences of both invertible segments were
      screened for homology. No resemblance was found. The P segment is flanked by
      inverted repeat sequences of 16 bp. Comparison of these with related inversion
      systems points out that the recombination site maps probably within a 2-bp
      region. This cross-over site is contained within a short palindromic sequence
      (AAACC AA GGTTT) which is more or less conserved in the recombination sites of
      all related DNA invertases.

PMID- 3894007
TI  - Transformation of Aspergillus niger by the amdS gene of Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - Aspergillus niger grows poorly on acetamide as a nitrogen or carbon source and
      lacks sequences detectably homologous to the amdS gene encoding the acetamidase
      of Aspergillus nidulans. We have taken advantage of these observations to develop
      a transformation system for A. niger using the amdS gene as a dominant
      heterologous marker for selecting transformants on the basis of acetamide
      utilization. Transformants varied in their ability to grow on amide media and the
      number of integrated copies of the amdS plasmid ranged from 1 or 2 to greater
      than 100. Southern analysis of transformants revealed that the multiple copies
      were integrated into the chromosome in tandem arrays. This result indicates that
      transformation of A. niger is more similar to mammalian cells than to yeast.
      Analysis of enzyme activity levels and RNA levels showed that most of the copies
      of amdS were expressed. Mitotic stabilities of transformants were found to be
      high. A transformant containing greater than 100 copies of the amdS gene was
      impaired in omega-amino acid utilization, a result that has also been found in A.
      nidulans. Since, in A. nidulans, omega-amino acids induce acetamidase via a
      characterizied regulatory gene (amdR/intA) this observation implies that
      titration of an analogous A. niger regulatory gene product by multiple amdS
      copies has occurred. Additional evidence suggested that the amdS gene is
      regulated in A. niger. It has also been shown that an unselected plasmid can be
      co-transformed with the amdS plasmid into A. niger.

PMID- 3894008
TI  - Supercoiling response of a bacterial tRNA gene.
AB  - The effect of DNA supercoiling on transcription of a bacterial tRNA gene has been
      analysed in vitro and in vivo. The Escherichia coli tyrT gene is found to be
      completely dependent on negative supercoiling when transcription is assayed in
      vitro at physiological salt concentrations and this supercoiling dependence is
      shown to be a property of the primary promoter sequences. The supercoiling
      sensitivity can however be removed by reducing the salt concentration below 50 mM
      KCl. The effect of supercoiling in vivo was analysed by measuring the activity of
      the tyrT promoter on a galK fusion vector in E. coli strains that have mutations
      in either the DNA gyrase or topoisomerase I genes. Surprisingly, in view of the
      dramatic in vitro effects, supercoiling could be either increased or decreased
      relative to the wild-type in vivo level without causing any change in tyrT
      promoter activity.

PMID- 3894009
TI  - Functional mutants of phenylalanine transfer RNA from Escherichia coli.
AB  - The gene pheV from Escherichia coli, coding for tRNAPhe and carried on a plasmid,
      has been mutagenised with hydroxylamine. Mutants in the structural gene have been
      identified using two criteria: (i) de-attenuation of beta-galactosidase
      expression, while under the control of the attenuator region of the pheS,T operon
      by means of an operon fusion; (ii) loss of ability to complement
      thermosensitivity of a mutant Phe-tRNA synthetase. Mutants showing de-attenuation
      were sequenced and two nucleotide changes identified: G44----A44 (found five
      times) and m7G46----A46 (found once). Sequencing of mutants that lost
      complementation identified two further tRNA mutants, C2---U2 and G15----A15; the
      mutant m7G46----A46 was also re-isolated by this criterion. Three of the mutants
      involve bases implicated in tertiary rather than secondary structure hydrogen
      bonding. One hypothesis for the mechanism of de-attenuation is that mutant
      tRNAPhe molecules compete with the wild-type tRNAPhe on the ribosome but are
      inefficient at some step in the elongation process.

PMID- 3894010
TI  - Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a surface antigen of Plasmodium
      falciparum merozoites.
AB  - A complementary DNA library was constructed from mRNA purified from asexual blood
      forms of Plasmodium falciparum. Among the members of this library we have
      identified a plasmid (pMC31-1) coding for a polypeptide exposed at the surface of
      merozoites, the invasive stage of the asexual cycle. This plasmid was identified
      by direct expression using both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies specific for
      a schizont polypeptide of 200 kd which has been shown to be processed to an 83-kd
      polypeptide expressed at the surface of merozoites. The cDNA portion of the pMC31
      1 plasmid hybridizes with DNA from three isolates of P. falciparum. Antisera
      raised against extracts of Escherichia coli harbouring pMC31-1 react with surface
      and internal structures of schizonts and with the surface of merozoites from all
      the isolates of P. falciparum examined. These results suggest that plasmid pMC31
      1 encodes an antigen of value for the development of a vaccine against malaria.

PMID- 3894011
TI  - A general method for preparing chromatin containing intact DNA.
AB  - A simple and general method is described for preparing chromatin from eukaryotic
      cells using isotonic conditions. First, cells are encapsulated in agarose
      microbeads and then lysed using Triton X-100 in the presence of a chelating agent
      and a physiological concentration of salt. Most cytoplasmic proteins and RNA
      diffuse rapidly out through pores in the beads to leave encapsulated chromatin
      which is nevertheless completely accessible to enzymes and other probes. This
      chromatin can be manipulated freely without aggregation in a variety of different
      salt and detergent concentrations. It also contains intact DNA since removal of
      the histones releases superhelical DNA. Conditions are described for incubating
      this chromatin at 37 degrees C in the presence of Mg2+ ions without any nicking
      of the DNA. We illustrate the usefulness of this chromatin in investigations on
      the attachment of nascent RNA to the nucleoskeleton, the accessibility of the
      ribosomal locus to EcoRI and the properties of the endogenous RNA polymerase II.
      This type of chromatin preparation should prove useful for both structural and
      functional studies.

PMID- 3894012
TI  - Product of the cellular oncogene, c-fos, observed in mouse and human tissues
      using an antibody to a synthetic peptide.
AB  - The transforming gene of the osteosarcoma-producing FBJ murine sarcoma virus, v
      fos, is homologous to a normal cellular gene, c-fos, in vertebrate species.
      Transcripts from the c-fos proto-oncogene accumulate to very high levels in late
      gestational mouse and human extra-embryonic tissues. We now report that these RNA
      transcripts are translated in these tissues. Rabbits were immunized with a
      synthetic peptide whose sequence is common to both c-fos and v-fos. After
      affinity purification on an immunosorbent containing the fos peptide (a
      nonapeptide), the antibody reacted with a component(s) in nuclei in sections of
      human and murine tissues and immunoprecipitated the v-fos gene product (p55) and
      a cellular protein of 39 kd (p39, complexed with fos) from lysates of
      metabolically-labelled virally transformed cells. Crude extracts of normal
      tissues contained major anti-fos-reactive proteins in the range of 55-60 kd as
      shown by protein blot analysis. Indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase
      staining showed that in addition to strong immunoreactive component(s) in the
      nuclei of extra-embryonic tissues of human and mouse, weaker reactions are
      detectable in all normal fetal and adult tissues tested. This demonstrates that
      fos-reactive protein is expressed in a wide variety of cells and tissues.

PMID- 3894013
TI  - Differential ventilation in bilateral lung disease.
AB  - General anaesthesia and many types of acute respiratory failure are accompanied
      by a decrease in functional residual capacity (FRC). This reduction promotes
      closure of dependent airways and alveolar collapse, thus impeding ventilation of
      these regions. Perfusion, on the other hand, is forced towards dependent regions
      by lowered pulmonary vascular pressure and increased alveolar pressure.
      Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) inequality develops, impairing gas exchange and
      arterial oxygenation. Application of general positive end-expiratory pressure
      (PEEP) increases FRC and may improve gas exchange but cannot restore V/Q to
      normal. Differential ventilation, with equal distribution of ventilation between
      the lungs, and the application of PEEP solely to the dependent lung (selective
      PEEP) with the patient in the lateral position, improve V/Q matching and gas
      exchange with less impedance of cardiac output and less danger of barotrauma.
      This ventilation technique has proved successful in short-term experiments and in
      a small number of patients treated over several days.

PMID- 3894014
TI  - Plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone during prolonged physical strain. The
      significance of sleep and energy deprivation.
AB  - Plasma renin activity (PRA), serum aldosterone and the serum and urinary levels
      of sodium and potassium have been investigated in 24 young men participating in a
      5-day military training course with heavy continuous physical exercise, energy
      and sleep deprivation. The subjects were divided into three groups. Group 1 did
      not get any extra sleep or food, group 2 were compensated for the energy
      deficiency, and group 3 slept 3 h each night. The basic diet given to all the
      subjects was about 5,000 kJ and 2 g NaCl X 24 h-1 X cadet-1. The high calorie
      diet contained approximately 25,000-35,000 kJ and 20 g of NaCl X 24 h-1 X cadet
      1. The study showed that serum aldosterone and PRA were extremely activated
      during such prolonged physical strain combined with lack of food and salt,
      whereas sleep deprivation did not seem to have any large influence. Only small
      variations were found in the serum levels of sodium and potassium and the urinary
      level of potassium during the course, whereas a decrease was seen in urinary
      sodium concentration. The fairly good correlations between the decrease in
      urinary sodium levels and the increase in PRA (r = 0.7) and further between PRA
      and serum aldosterone (r = 0.8) during the course indicate that there is a causal
      connection between the decrease in urinary sodium excretion and the increase in
      PRA and serum aldosterone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3894016
TI  - Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of josamycin on the expression of M
      protein by group A streptococci.
AB  - In an attempt to inhibit the biosynthesis of the type-specific M protein usually
      expressed on surface fimbriae group A Streptococcus pyogenes delta 2305 was
      cultivated in Todd-Hewitt broth containing 10% human serum and subinhibitory
      concentrations of either josamycin, erythromycin or clindamycin. Electron
      microscopy revealed that the antibiotic-pretreatment had little visible effect on
      the surface structures of the streptococci. However, josamycin and clindamycin
      pretreated bacteria adhered less to hydrophobic gels than erythromycin-pretreated
      or untreated control cultures. Due to the decrease in surface hydrophobicity, the
      drug-pretreated bacteria also activated complement more readily and fixed more C3
      on their surface. Consequently the killing of josamycin and clindamycin
      pretreated bacteria by polymorphonuclear leucocytes was significantly enhanced.
      Similar findings were obtained when the M protein was removed from the bacteria
      by digestion with trypsin. These results suggest that josamycin, like
      clindamycin, reverses the capacity of group A streptococci to resist opsonization
      by normal human serum and interferes with the adhesion of the organisms to host
      epithelial cell surfaces.

PMID- 3894015
TI  - Effect of iron on neonatal gut flora during the first three months of life.
AB  - To study the effect of milk supplemented with iron on neonatal gut flora, faecal
      specimens of ten infants receiving breast milk, six receiving a cow-milk
      preparation supplemented with iron (5 mg/l) and seven receiving the same product
      without iron supplement (iron concentration less than 0.5 mg/l) were examined
      during the first 12 weeks of life. In breast-fed infants bifidobacteria was
      predominant, counts of Escherichia coli were low, and other bacteria were rarely
      present. Infants receiving fortified cow-milk preparation had high counts of
      Escherichia coli, counts and isolation frequency of bifidobacteria were low and
      other bacteria were frequently isolated. In those on unfortified cow-milk
      preparation isolation frequency of Escherichia coli, bifidobacteria and
      bacteroides was comparable with that in breast-fed infants; however, counts of
      Escherichia coli were high. It is concluded that the faecal flora of infants fed
      unfortified cow-milk preparation acquires characteristics of that found in breast
      fed infants.

PMID- 3894017
TI  - Rapid immunoelectrophoretic assay for detection of serum antibodies to
      Aspergillus fumigatus catalase in patients with pulmonary aspergillosis.
AB  - A rapid immunoelectrophoretic assay was developed to detect antibodies to
      Aspergillus fumigatus catalase. The method's diagnostic sensitivity for pulmonary
      aspergillosis was 88% (72-97%, 95% confidence limits) in 33 patients presenting
      with either aspergilloma or Aspergillus lung infiltrate. The diagnostic
      specificity was 94% (90-97%) as judged from 191 patients with other infiltrative
      lung diseases, including infections and neoplasia. None of the 185 healthy
      subjects had catalase antibodies. The highest titres (ranging up to 256) were
      found in aspergillosis patients with cavitary lesions. Catalase antibody titres
      increased in two patients with concomitant development of lung cavities and
      mycetomas. In patients with resected or stable Aspergillus lung disorders
      catalase antibody titres declined by less than one dilution step per year.

PMID- 3894019
TI  - Effect of pH on the rate of bactericidal activity of ampicillin against
      Escherichia coli strains.

PMID- 3894018
TI  - Isolation of Legionella anisa from a hospital hot water system.
AB  - Several cases of Legionnaires' disease occurred in a French hospital in 1982.
      Thirteen strains of a legionella-like organism with several unusual
      characteristics were subsequently isolated from the hospital hot water system.
      The various features of these strains show that they are identical to the new
      species 'Legionella anisa' described by the Centers for Disease Control. The
      possible pathogenicity of these strains to man and their relationship with the
      recently described Legionella bozemanii serogroup 2 are discussed.

PMID- 3894020
TI  - Synthesis of Escherichia coli carbamoylphosphate synthetase initiates at a UUG
      codon.
AB  - The ribosome binding region of the messenger RNA for the Escherichia coli carA
      gene contains two adjacent putative translational start codons, UUG and AUU, both
      of them unusual. By Edman degradation and mass spectrometry of purified carA
      protein, we show that only UUG is used in vivo. Translation initiation at UUG in
      carA appears about half as efficient as at AUG in lacZ.

PMID- 3894022
TI  - Interaction between glucocorticoids, 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, and
      insulin in regulation of synthesis of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I in Reuber
      hepatoma H-35.
AB  - Regulation of synthesis of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I by glucocorticoids, 8
      bromoadenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (8-bromo-cAMP), and insulin was investigated
      in Reuber hepatoma H-35. By measuring the incorporation of [35S]methionine into
      carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I and its precursor, we showed that dexamethasone
      stimulates the enzyme synthesis approximately fivefold. A detectable stimulation
      was observed at 1 nM of dexamethasone, half-maximal stimulation at 4 nM, and
      maximal stimulation above 40 nM. Corticosterone was more effective than
      dexamethasone both for the minimal concentration needed and for the extent of the
      stimulation. Hydrocortisone was less effective than dexamethasone. 8-Bromo-cAMP
      also stimulated the enzyme synthesis at a concentration of 3 mM. The effect of 8
      bromo-cAMP was suggested to be additive to the effect of dexamethasone.
      Physiological concentrations of insulin strongly suppressed the stimulatory
      effect of dexamethasone on the enzyme synthesis but could not completely
      counteract the effect of dexamethasone. The half-maximal and maximal effects of
      insulin were observed at 0.5 nM and 5 nM, respectively. Insulin also counteracted
      the effect of 8-bromo-cAMP on the enzyme synthesis.

PMID- 3894021
TI  - Demonstration of a bacteriophage receptor site on the Escherichia coli K12 outer
      membrane protein OmpC by the use of a protease.
AB  - The Escherichia coli K12 outer-membrane proteins OmpA, OmpC, OmpF, PhoE, and LamB
      (all of transmembrane nature) can serve as phage receptors. We have shown
      previously that one OmpA-specific phage, Ox2, can give rise to the host range
      mutants Ox2h10 and Ox2h12, with the latter being derived from the former [Morona,
      R. & Henning, U. (1984) J. Bacteriol. 159, 579-582]. Unlike Ox2, both host range
      phages can use the OmpA and OmpC proteins as receptors and Ox2h12 is better
      adapted to the OmpC protein than Ox2h10. In a search for the site(s) of OmpC
      protein involved in phage recognition, it was found that proteinase K is able to
      cleave all of the proteins mentioned above. OmpC protein (Mr = 38306) could be
      cleaved from outside the cell by proteinase K resulting in two fragments of Mr
      approximately equal to 21000 and Mr approximately equal to 17500. The use of OmpC
      PhoE hybrid proteins allowed us to assign the approximately equal to 21000-Mr
      fragment to the CO2H-terminal moiety of the protein. Proteinase K treatment of
      intact cells abolished their activity to neutralize the OmpC-specific phage Tulb
      and reduced this ability towards phage Ox2h12. The OmpA, OmpF, PhoE and LamB
      proteins were cleaved by the protease not in intact cells but only when acting on
      cell envelopes. The sizes of the OmpC protein fragments and the results obtained
      with the hybrid proteins very strongly suggest that the protein is cleaved from
      outside the cell at a region involving amino acid residues 150-178 of the 346
      residue protein, which shows homology to two regions of the OmpA protein which
      are involved in its phage receptor site (loc. cit.). These areas also exhibit
      some homology to a region of the LamB protein which is thought to be part of this
      protein's receptor site [Charbit et al. (1984) J. Mol. Biol. 175, 395-401]. This
      suggests that there is a common denominator for proteinaceous phage receptor site
      because the LamB-specific phage lambda and phage Tulb are of completely different
      nature. We conclude that the region of the OmpC protein in question is cell
      surface-exposed and acts as a phage receptor site.

PMID- 3894023
TI  - Binding of histidinal to histidinol dehydrogenase.
AB  - One molecule of the enzymatic intermediate histidinal is firmly bound per subunit
      of histidinol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.23) and protected against decomposition.
      The dissociation rate constant of the histidinal--histidinol dehydrogenase
      complex is estimated as 2.5 X 10(-5) S-1. Steady-state kinetic measurements
      studying the oxidation of histidinal to histidine and the reduction of histidinal
      to histidinol allow to calculate the association rate constants for histidinal.
      For both reactions the association rate constant is found as 1.9 X 10(6) M-1 S-1.
      Thus the dissociation constant of the histidinal--histidinol dehydrogenase
      complex is estimated to be of the order of 1.4 X 10(-11) M.

PMID- 3894024
TI  - DNA methylation of bacterial viruses T3 and T7 by different DNA methylases in
      Escherichia coli K12 cells.
AB  - We have investigated the susceptibility of the genomes of the related
      bacteriophages T3 and T7 to the three major DNA methyltransferases (EcoK, dam,
      dcm) of their host, Escherichia coli K12. In vivo the EcoK host specificity
      enzyme only methylates the DNA of ocr- phages. This is due to an inhibition of
      the enzyme by the phage ocr+ gene product, which had previously been shown to be
      an inhibitor of the restriction endonuclease. EcoK-specific DNA methylation
      protects the ocr- viruses after one growth cycle on these host cells against the
      action of corresponding restriction endonuclease EcoK. Owing to the unique S
      adenosyl-L-methionine hydrolase (sam+) activity of the T3-coded ocr+ protein, the
      T3 DNA is absolutely devoid of the methylated bases 6-methylaminopurine and 5
      methylcytosine. In contrast to this, T7 derivatives and sam- derivatives of T3
      carry a small number of about 2-4 molecules 6-methylaminopurine and 5
      methylcytosine per genome. The presence of 6-methylaminopurine is due to dam
      methylation, though the majority of dam sites remain unmethylated. In vivo as
      well as in vitro the ocr+ protein has no influence on the activities of the dam
      and dcm methylase. The experiments gave some evidence for the existence of a
      second cytosine methylase in E. coli K12. Besides dam and dcm recognition sites
      being undermethylated, their absolute number in T3 and T7 DNAs is far below the
      expected value. Moreover, one of the two dcm sites present in T7 (Studier strain)
      is missing in our T7 strain owing to a 1300-base-pair deletion in gene 0.7.

PMID- 3894025
TI  - Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of cDNA for serine: pyruvate
      aminotransferase of rat liver.
AB  - Cloned cDNAs for rat liver serine: pyruvate aminotransferase were obtained by
      screening of a cDNA expression bank of rat liver with an antibody against the
      enzyme. Nineteen clones were isolated from 33 000 transformants and most of them
      had common fragments of cDNA on analysis by digestion with some restriction
      enzymes. These clones were identified as those containing cDNA for
      serine:pyruvate aminotransferase by the following criteria. (a) At the nucleic
      acid level, a 500-base-pair fragment of cDNA prepared by digestion of cDNAs with
      EcoRI and PstI hybridized with the mRNA coding for serine:pyruvate
      aminotransferase as judged by hybrid-selected and hybrid-arrested translations.
      (b) Specific proteins were detected in nine bacterial clones, a 40-kDa protein in
      one clone and a 39-kDa protein in eight clones. Among them only the 40-kDa
      protein was found to be solubilized from the cell by sonication, and this protein
      was immunoprecipitated with an antibody against serine:pyruvate aminotransferase
      of rat liver. (c) High activity of serine:pyruvate aminotransferase was expressed
      both in whole cell suspension and sonicated extract prepared from the
      transformant producing the 40-kDa protein, and 99% of the activity was
      immunoreactive with the antibody. Two types of mRNA for serine:pyruvate
      aminotransferase were detected on the RNA blot analysis by using cloned cDNA
      fragment as a probe. The larger mRNA (approximately 1600 nucleotides) was
      glucagon-inducible while the smaller one (approximately 1500 nucleotides) was not
      affected by the hormone.

PMID- 3894026
TI  - Protein B1 of ribonucleotide reductase. Direct analytical data and comparisons
      with data indirectly deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli
      nrdA gene.
AB  - The total composition, the N-terminal amino acid sequence, and the amino acid
      sequences of four internal regions have been determined for the ribonucleotide
      reductase large subunit, protein B1, prepared from a recombinant lambda-lysogenic
      Escherichia coli K strain, which overproduces the enzyme 30-50-fold. The data
      have been compared with those previously reported for B1 prepared from a thymine
      starved E. coli B strain and with the indirectly derived primary structure of B1
      recently reported from the nucleotide sequence of the E. coli K nrdA gene. Two
      major differences to these results were found. First, the B1 polypeptides started
      with initiator Met-1 (45%), Asn-2 (30%) or Gln-3 (15%), demonstrating a different
      type of N-terminal heterogeneity than that found earlier. Secondly, the total
      amino acid composition as derived from hydrolyzed protein B1 differed
      substantially from the amino acid composition derived from the nucleotide data.
      This has the consequence that Cys, Arg, Thr and possibly Val and Ser appear more
      frequently whereas Asx, Glx, Tyr and possibly Gly appear less frequently in the
      nucleotide-derived data as compared to direct protein hydrolysates. We suggest
      usage of other reading frames in the approximate area of residues 630-700 of the
      primary structure of the nrdA gene to compensate for these discrepancies and for
      the relatively high incidence of uncommon codons in the reading frame proposed
      for this area of the gene. Such changes have implications on the previously
      assigned putative active-site region of protein B1.

PMID- 3894027
TI  - Food-induced thermogenesis in obese children.
AB  - In 11 obese children aged 12.5 (+/- 0.7) years with normal glucose tolerance and
      7 lean, control children aged 11.9 +/- 0.7 years the preload resting energy
      expenditure and thermogenic response to a standardised meal was measured by
      indirect calorimetry. Preload energy expenditure was higher in obese children
      when expressed in absolute terms than in controls, but was not different when
      corrected for lean body weight. Four children with obesity of recent onset had
      lower food-induced thermogenesis and insulin response then seven overweight
      children with long-standing obesity. Food-induced thermogenesis and insulin
      response showed a significant positive correlation. It is concluded that food
      induced thermogenesis is reduced in the early phase of childhood obesity but
      increased in the later phase when hyperinsulinaemia develops, pointing towards an
      important role of insulin in food-induced thermogenesis.

PMID- 3894028
TI  - The common cold.
AB  - The common cold continues to be the major cause of absences from school and work.
      A better understanding of the epidemiology and the natural history should lead to
      less anxiety about this disease. Although there is still much misinformation
      among the public, the time should soon come when better-informed patients with
      this disease will make fewer visits to the physician and will not expect
      unnecessary and worthless treatment.

PMID- 3894030
TI  - m-AMSA: a review of clinical data.

PMID- 3894031
TI  - Unreliability of beta-2-microglobulin in early detection of central nervous
      system relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - The value of serial determination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) beta-2
      microglobulin (Beta 2m) level for early detection of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
      (ALL) in the central nervous system (CNS) has been prospectively studied in 30
      children. Beta 2m was determined by micro-ELISA assay. Results demonstrated a
      sensitivity of 40% (95% confidence interval, 5.3-85.3%) and a predictive value of
      8% (95% confidence interval, 1.0-26.0%). In post-irradiation syndrome, as well as
      in viral infection with cytopathological changes of white cells in CSF, beta 2m
      values proved to be significantly higher than in incipient CNS relapse, and these
      conditions, or an unknown cause, are more often associated with beta 2m elevation
      than CNS relapse. No relation was found between CSF white cell counts and beta 2m
      levels. It is concluded that beta 2m is not an appropriate test for early
      detection of CNS involvement in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 3894029
TI  - Plasma fibronectin concentrations in healthy and septic infants.
AB  - The concentration of plasma fibronectin was determined by Laurell's
      electroimmunoassay in 75 preterm or term newborns within the first 2 days of
      life, in 97 healthy infants aged from 3 days to 12 months, in 40 septic infants
      and in 38 healthy adult subjects. The mean fibronectin concentration in citrated
      plasma of normal adults was 318 +/- 84 ml/l. Healthy eutrophic term newborns 1-2
      days old had approximately one-third of the fibronectin concentration of adults.
      There was no significant difference in the values between healthy term and
      eutrophic preterm newborns or between eutrophic and hypotrophic newborns. The
      plasma fibronectin increased strongly over the 1st month of life. No significant
      difference was observed between fibronectin levels in infant boys and girls. The
      values in septic newborns and septic older infants were significantly lower when
      compared with those of age-matched healthy controls. It is speculated that this
      deficiency, because of linkage to fibrin in disseminated intravascular
      coagulation or due to increased utilisation as a nonspecific opsonin and
      sequestration at sites of tissue injury, may contribute to organ failure in
      septicaemia.

PMID- 3894032
TI  - Hemostatic alterations are unrelated to the stage of tumor in untreated malignant
      melanoma and breast carcinoma.
AB  - A study of hemostatic variables was carried out in 80 untreated patients with
      breast adenocarcinoma or malignant melanoma, chosen as examples of tumors that
      can be accurately staged for localization or spread. The most marked
      abnormalities were high levels of clotting factors V and VIII, plasminogen, von
      Willebrand factor and fibrogen-fibrin degradation products. These abnormalities
      occurred in both types of tumors, albeit slightly more markedly in melanomas, and
      were also present in localized tumors. Our data indicate that in tumors,
      abnormalities of the hemostatic system are an early phenomenon unrelated to the
      presence of widespread malignancy.

PMID- 3894033
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against human urinary bladder carcinomas: selectivity and
      utilization for gamma scintigraphy.
AB  - Mouse monoclonal antibodies to human urinary bladder carcinoma cells have been
      examined by indirect membrane immunofluorescence using a panel of 27 human cell
      lines. Two of the monoclonal antibodies, 7E9 (IgG3) and S2C6 (IgGl), were found
      to distinguish between urinary bladder carcinoma cells and normal urothelium. The
      third monoclonal antibody, T24.06.5(IgGl), discriminated among cell lines of
      urothelial and non-urothelial origin but did not distinguish between urinary
      bladder carcinoma and normal urothelial cells. None of the of the antibodies was
      found to be strictly selective, and occasional cross-reactions with unrelated
      cell types were observed. The monoclonal antibody 7E9, showing the highest degree
      of selectivity, was further examined by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique on
      frozen tissue sections from 19 patients. The antibody reacted with all (7/7)
      bladder carcinomas examined and gave negative results with control normal bladder
      mucosa (0/8) and unrelated tumor tissue (0/4) sections. The 7E9 antibody was
      purified by protein A affinity chromatography, labeled with 131I and used for
      gamma-scintigraphy in nude mice xenografted with human urinary bladder carcinoma
      T24. The 7E9 antibody was capable of locating the T24 xenografts in nude mice; it
      localized preferentially in the T24 tissue compared to normal mouse tissues. The
      T24 xenografts could not be detected by gamma-scintigraphy with 131I-labeled
      monoclonal antibody against human mammary carcinoma cells and two other control
      antibodies. Likewise the 131I-labeled 7E9 antibody was not capable of locating
      human mammary carcinoma xenografts in nude mice.

PMID- 3894034
TI  - Immunohistochemistry of a component protein of the breast cystic disease fluid
      with mol. wt 15,000.
AB  - A specific protein from the liquid of a mammary cyst with a molecular weight of
      15,000 (GCDFP 15) was studied in normal and pathological mammary tissue using an
      immunohistochemical method (peroxidase-anti-peroxidase complex). An
      immunoreactivity of the GCDFP type was found in normal idrosadenoid glands having
      an apocrine secretion. Histologically normal mammary tissue was not
      immunoreactive. In benign breast tissue the GCDFP was found particularly in
      epithelium undergoing apocrine metaplasia (55/55) and in atypical lobular
      epithelial hyperplasia (8/10). Of the adenocarcinomas of the breast 136/161 (84%)
      were immunoreactive, especially lobular carcinoma (13/13). The proportion of
      tumors with a high percentage of immunoreactive cells (76-100%) was greater for
      Bloom's grade I (1/29: 34%) than for grade III (10/66: 15%). A significant
      correlation was found between the percentage of immunoreactive cells and the
      cytosolic concentration of progesterone receptors. The morphological
      intracellular identification of GCDFP (due to its greater sensitivity) and its
      correlation with progesterone receptors allowed a more precise evaluation of the
      functional state and the hormonal dependency of the breast cells by underlining
      the heterogeneity of the tumoral cell population.

PMID- 3894035
TI  - SCH 23390, a selective dopamine D1 antagonist, activates dopamine neurons but
      fails to prevent their inhibition by apomorphine.
AB  - SCH 23390, a rather selective D1 receptor blocker, activates the firing rate of
      dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN-DA neurons) in rats, similarly
      to haloperidol (a D1-D2 receptor antagonist) and sulpiride (a selective D2
      receptor blocker). These neuroleptics produce no additional increase over the
      maximal activation produced by SCH 23390. Unlike haloperidol or sulpiride, SCH
      23390 fails to prevent the inhibition by apomorphine of SN-DA neurons, a DA
      autoreceptor-mediated effect. It is suggested that the doses of SCH 23390 that
      stimulate DA neurons block D2 in addition to D1 receptors, or that D1 blockade
      results in the functional inactivation of a specific population of D2 receptors
      as well. The failure of SCH 23390 to block the apomorphine effect indicates that
      DA autoreceptors can be pharmacologically differentiated form postsynaptic DA
      receptors.

PMID- 3894036
TI  - Pertussis toxin potentiates anesthesia-induced renin secretion.
AB  - The plasma renin concentration was measured after anesthesia in control and in
      pertussis toxin-treated rats. The anesthetics increased renin secretion and this
      effect was markedly magnified in rats treated with pertussis toxin. Propranolol
      partially blocked the increase in plasma renin concentration produced by
      anesthetics. It is concluded that the adrenergic system is involved in this
      effect and that pertussis toxin magnifies it by potentiating the beta-adrenergic
      action.

PMID- 3894037
TI  - Chronic antidepressant treatment increases enkephalin levels in n. accumbens and
      striatum of the rat.
AB  - Chronic (21 consecutive days) and not acute administration of typical
      (clomipramine, desipramine, amitriptyline) or atypical (iprindole, nomifensin)
      antidepressant drugs was found to provoke a selective increase in
      [Met5]enkephalin-like immunoreactivity ([Met5]ELI) in striatum and nucleus
      accumbens of rat brain. In parallel experiments, following chronic treatment with
      clomipramine, iprindole and nomifensin striatal [Leu5]enkephalin-like
      immunoreactivity ([Leu5]ELI) was also significantly enhanced. No variations in
      enzymatic activity of either enkephalinase or aminopeptidase were detected when
      assayed in several brain parts of animals chronically treated with
      antidepressants. Elevation of ELI in discrete regions of the brain might play a
      part in the mechanism of action of these centrally acting agents.

PMID- 3894038
TI  - [A review on endotoxin measurement].

PMID- 3894039
TI  - A simple sectional canine retraction technique using the properties of nickel
      titanium rectangular wire.

PMID- 3894040
TI  - Accuracy of different methods of radiographic superimposition on cranial base
      structures.

PMID- 3894041
TI  - Influence of microinjection of insulin into ventromedial hypothalamus on acetate
      metabolism in liver slices of rabbit.
AB  - Insulin was injected directly into the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei (VMH) of
      rabbits, and changes in hepatic acetate metabolism were studied. The injection of
      50 microU insulin into the VMH of intact rabbits decreased the rates of 14C
      transfer from 14C-1-acetate into glucose and cholesterol ester in liver slices.
      But after insulin injection into the parietal cortex of intact rabbits and into
      the VMH of rabbits with VMH lesions, hepatic acetate metabolism did not differ
      from that of the control rabbits, which received saline injection into the same
      brain regions. These observations support the hypothesis that the VMH are parts
      of an insulin-sensitive brain regulator system in the hepatic acetate metabolism.

PMID- 3894042
TI  - Lens neutral proteinase preparations hydrolyze glutamoyl bonds.

PMID- 3894043
TI  - A quantitative and qualitative study of blood monocytes in smokers.
AB  - The effect of cigarette smoking on blood monocyte count and selected functions of
      isolated blood monocytes was studied in 82 subjects free of intercurrent or
      chronic disease, 41 smokers and 41 non-smokers. Total leukocyte counts and
      monocyte counts were higher in smokers than in non-smokers. In vitro functional
      studies of spontaneous migration, chemotactic responsiveness and phagocytosis
      showed no correlation with smoking habits. However, intracellular killing of
      Candida albicans was significantly lower in blood monocytes of smokers as
      compared to non-smokers. Since blood monocytes are the precursors of tissue
      macrophages the defective microbicidal function may represent an additional
      pathogenic factor in the diminished host defence observed in smokers.

PMID- 3894044
TI  - Trypanosoma brucei: analysis of relapsing populations in sensitive and resistant
      breeds of cattle.
AB  - The clone DiTat 1.1 of Trypanosoma brucei brucei was injected into four bovids,
      and clones obtained from successive waves of parasitemia were used to study the
      expressed variant-specific surface glycoprotein repertoire. Twenty-four clones
      were obtained which could be classified into 12 different variable antigen types,
      in addition to the clone injected, using agglutination or immunofluorescence with
      monospecific antisera. The variable surface glycoproteins of the 25 clones were
      extracted using the detergent octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside in the presence of the
      protease inhibitor, N-cbz-L-phenylalaninechloromethylketone. The molecular
      weights varied from 52,000 to 69,000 and the pI from 5.0 to 8.8. The virulence of
      14 clones representing 13 variable antigen types was ascertained in mice. The
      mean survival time ranged from 20.5 to 43.0 days. Clones isolated from early
      peaks of parasitemia in the bovid were the most virulent while clones derived
      from later peaks were less virulent. It seems that organisms of diminishing
      virulence appear in bovids, leading to self-cure of the disease. All clones were
      sensitive to human serum in a blood infectivity inhibition test. Antibody against
      all virulent clones appeared in 20 cattle (10 Zebus, 10 Baoules) which had been
      injected with T. brucei DiTat 1.1. There was no evidence for parasites of high or
      low virulence being preferentially expressed in resistant or sensitive hosts.

PMID- 3894045
TI  - Pneumocystis carinii: growth variables and estimates in the A549 and WI-38 VA13
      human cell lines.
AB  - Recent studies indicate that rat Pneumocystis carinii can be propagated in the
      A549 cell line, an alveolar epithelioid cell line derived from human lung
      carcinoma. In the present study, growth of P. carinii was compared in the A549
      cell line and the WI-38 VA13 subline 2RA, an SV40 transformed derivative of the
      human fetal fibroblast cell line with epithelioid morphology. Similar P. carinii
      growth occurred in both cell lines under optimal conditions, but the WI-38 VA13
      cell line was usually more sensitive to changes in the culture system. Growth of
      P. carinii was affected by temperature, environmental gas mixture, motion of the
      cultures, and source and concentration of serum additives, but not by the
      presence of antibodies in the medium. A technique was developed for quantitating
      P. carinii in the lung inoculum which permitted analysis of P. carinii growth
      during the first 24 hr of culture. Inverted microscope and oil immersion phase
      contrast microscopy were very helpful in monitoring the organism's stages of
      development and viability. Thus, this culture system should be helpful in
      establishing standard methodology for in vitro work with P. carinii.

PMID- 3894046
TI  - Insulin requirement of human leukemic cell lines.
AB  - The growth characteristics of human leukemic cell lines in serum supplemented
      medium and in serum free medium with and without the addition of insulin were
      investigated. No relation was found between the insulin binding capacity of the
      cells and their hormone-dependence for growth.

PMID- 3894047
TI  - Possibility of metabolic control of membrane excitation.
AB  - In the guinea pig taenia coli, when glycogen is depleted by repeating Ca-induced
      contracture in excess K solution containing no glucose, the tension cannot be
      maintained. The decrease in tension is accompanied by reduction of high energy
      phosphate compounds and oxygen consumption. When substrate is readmitted to the
      glycogen-depleted preparation in the presence of 2.4 mM Ca and 20 mM K, the first
      response is hyperpolarization of the membrane and relaxation, and this is
      followed by depolarization and development of contracture. The latter response is
      blocked by verapamil, suggesting that energy supply increases the Ca conductance
      of the plasma membrane. The early response is considered to be due to activation
      of electrogenic Ca pump, since this is not affected by ouabain as well as removal
      of Na and K. ATP produced by substrate readmission is probably preferentially
      utilized for Ca pump activation to reduce the intracellular Ca. The recovery of
      tension is likely to be brought about by ATP supply not only to the contractile
      machinery but also to the plasma membrane to remove inactivation of Ca
      conductance. It is postulated that as the energy source is depleted, energy
      consumption is automatically limited by suppressing Ca influx, as a self-defence
      mechanism. Since beta HB is as effective as glucose in the recovery of these
      processes, and also in the activation of electrogenic Na pump, the metabolic
      pathway of oxidative phosphorylation alone can support these functions without a
      contribution of the glycolytic pathway.

PMID- 3894048
TI  - Implication of proteases in the respiration dependent inactivation of the lactose
      permease of E. coli.
AB  - The lactose permease of E. coli becomes irreversibly inactivated during lactose
      transport under conditions of high respiratory activity. This inactivation is
      characterized by a decrease in the steady state of lactose accumulation, a
      decrease in the influx rate of lactose, and a decrease in the transmembrane
      electrical potential. We report here that inhibitors of serine proteases
      (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and N-alpha-P-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone)
      prevent this inactivation, thus implicating proteases in this process.

PMID- 3894049
TI  - Energy expenditure for cyclic retention of NH3/NH4+ during N2 fixation by
      Klebsiella pneumoniae.
AB  - The permeability coefficient for NH3 through bacterial membranes was determined
      to be around 2 X 10(-3) cm X s-1. This value was used to calculate the outward
      diffusion of NH3 from intracellular pools and the energy costs for reabsorption
      as NH4+. For an N2-fixing continuous culture of Klebsiella pneumoniae an energy
      expenditure of around 4 ATP per NH3 produced was calculated, thus increasing
      significantly the energy requirement for N2 fixation in vivo.

PMID- 3894050
TI  - Effect of drugs, peptide hormones and lipogenic precursors on the relative
      incorporation of [3H]H2O and carbon into hepatic cholesterol.
AB  - Measurement of the weight of desmosterol produced during its biosynthesis in the
      presence of tritiated water and triparanol has permitted a direct determination
      of the relative flux of carbon and tritium (the H/C ratio) into sterol in
      hepatocytes. The H/C ratio increased with time of incubation irrespective of the
      nutritional state of the donor animals. This increase was more marked in
      hepatocytes from starved animals. Pyruvate and lactate increased, and glucagon
      decreased, the sterol H/C ratio. Addition of pyruvate to incubations containing
      glucagon resulted in a 32-67% increase in the H/C ratio depending upon
      nutritional status. Insulin had no effect whilst (-)-hydroxycitrate decreased the
      ratio by 25%.

PMID- 3894051
TI  - Characterisation of HlyC and mechanism of activation and secretion of haemolysin
      from E. coli 2001.
AB  - In this paper the DNA sequence of the cloned hlyC gene from E. coli 2001 is
      presented. The gene encodes a protein of 20 kDa which is able to activate the 107
      kDa polypeptide encoded by hlyA. This gives rise to a haemolytically active
      protein which differs from the inactive form in stability and by its migration
      when analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-denaturing
      conditions. We also show that the inactive form is secreted in the presence of
      the transport functions hlyB and hlyD. This result rules out any role for the
      hlyC gene product in the transport of HlyA across the inner membrane.

PMID- 3894052
TI  - The primary structure of two polypeptide chains from preparations of homeostatic
      thymus hormone (HTH alpha and HTH beta) entire-chain identities to two histones.
AB  - The primary structures of the 2 polypeptide chains (HTH alpha and HTH beta) of
      the homeostatic thymus hormone (HTH) were determined. The entire structures were
      found to be identical to those of histones H2A and H2B, respectively, without
      evidence for sub-types, proteolytic processings, or other peptide fragments. The
      results show that suggestions for new extranuclear and hormone-like histone
      functions apply to HTH preparations with intact protein chains of the H2
      histones.

PMID- 3894053
TI  - Final steps of the maturation of Omp F, a major protein from the outer membrane
      of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Pulse-labelling experiments with E. coli cells allowed us to follow the
      incorporation of de novo proteins into the outer membrane of the cell envelope.
      Labelled membrane samples containing increasingly different levels of newly
      synthesized Omp F protein were subjected to chemical cross-linking with a
      bifunctional cleavable reagent in order to investigate the process of trimer
      formation of the protein. From the results obtained, we conclude that the
      formation of functional Omp F trimers is substantially delayed to, and can be
      distinguished from, the incorporation of Omp F monomers to the outer membrane.

PMID- 3894054
TI  - Membrane structural studies of the action of vasopressin.
AB  - Freeze-fracture electron microscopy of the toad urinary bladder indicates that
      distinctive intramembrane particle aggregates are responsible for the increase in
      apical membrane water permeability that occurs with vasopressin (VP) stimulation.
      In unstimulated bladders the aggregates occur in the cytoplasm of the cells in
      tubular membrane structures now called aggrephores. After stimulation by VP,
      aggrephores are shuttled to the surface and fuse with the apical membrane. It is
      suggested by structural observations and by measurements of membrane capacitance
      that the area of aggregates inserted into the apical membrane is much greater
      than previously suspected because many aggregates remain in the wall of the fused
      aggrephores. The area of the aggregates in a stimulated bladder is sufficiently
      large for these structures to represent an organized array of water channels that
      mediates the change in apical membrane permeability. Work with antibodies
      supports the concept that these channels are not always resident in the apical
      membrane but become inserted only after stimulation by the hormone VP.

PMID- 3894055
TI  - Structural adaptation to altered electrolyte metabolism by cortical distal
      segments.
AB  - The four different renal cell types in the cortical segments beyond the macula
      densa--distal convoluted tubule (DCT) cell, the connecting tubule (CNT) cell, the
      principal (P) cell, and the intercalated (I) cell--each respond to prolonged
      specific stimuli with changes in cell membrane area. Increases in basolateral
      cell membrane area, reflecting the transport capacity of the cell, are associated
      in DCT cells with luminal, chronically high sodium load, in CNT cells with
      mineralocorticoids and tubular solute load, and in P cells with
      mineralocorticoids. In I cells the luminal cell membrane area seems to be
      influenced by the local luminal environment of the cells as well as by the
      peritubular environment. These structural findings indicate that tubular fluid
      composition as well as peritubular factors (e.g., mineralocorticoid levels) may
      have a role in regulating the transport capacity of distal cell types in the
      kidney.

PMID- 3894056
TI  - Endometriosis: a reappraisal of pathogenesis and treatment.
AB  - The enigmatic disease of endometriosis continues to baffle both the scientist and
      the clinician. An encompassing theory of pathogenesis has failed to emerge from
      contemporary understanding of the immunologic manifestations, the hormonal
      aberrations, or the evasive infertility associated with endometriosis. Similarly
      unsettling is the failure of medical or conservative surgical maneuvers to
      eradicate endometriosis in a manner commensurate with castration. It is hoped
      that further insight into these areas of research will resolve both of these
      dilemmas.

PMID- 3894057
TI  - Variability of ovarian follicular growth in natural menstrual cycles.
AB  - Variation of ovarian follicular growth has been found to be too great for
      conventional statistical methods to provide valuable information when this growth
      has been related to menstrual age or peak volume day. A method that relates
      follicular growth to its start (follicular growth age) is presented. With the use
      of this dating method, variability of follicular growth was found to be within
      limits that could be handled by simple methods. Follicular volume growth followed
      a sigmoid-shaped curve and was well described by our growth equation.

PMID- 3894058
TI  - [Radiologic changes in teeth covered with single clasp-supporting crowns].

PMID- 3894059
TI  - [Possible neurophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms for participation of
      the striatum in initiating and regulating involuntary movement].

PMID- 3894061
TI  - Sixty years of Academician Josef Riman.

PMID- 3894062
TI  - Consensus symmetry pattern in E. coli promoter sequences.
AB  - A computer method was used to select two subgroups in 172 Escherichia coli
      promoter nucleotide sequences characterized by "standard" 17 bp and "non
      standard" 17 +/- 2 bp spacing between the Pribnow box and -35 region. The
      conservation of the two-fold rotational (2f) and true palindrome (tp) symmetry
      relations was determined between nucleotide doublets in both promoter subgroups
      which represent consensus symmetry patterns. Statistically significant symmetries
      were primarily distinguished from those established by the nucleotide sequence
      conservation. The consensus symmetry pattern of standard promoters involves 45 of
      the 60 promoter nucleotide positions at which less strongly conserved and non
      conserved sequences were mostly occupied (per se). They also show a high level of
      symmetry centre conservation. The conservation of the statistically significant
      2f symmetry centres at positions -4.5 and -31.5 suggests partial conservation of
      the Pribnow box and -35 pentamer in the codogenic strand in an opposite
      orientation, respectively. The non-standard promoters differ from the standard
      ones by the consensus symmetry pattern and by the 2f and tp symmetry centre
      distribution with an overall lower degree of symmetry conservation in the -35
      region. It has been suggested that the conserved symmetry relations provide an
      additional condition necessary for the specific interaction of RNA polymerase
      with the promoter sequence to initiate transcription.

PMID- 3894060
TI  - Tumour localization of radiolabelled monoclonal antibody in mice bearing human
      urinary bladder (T24) carcinoma xenografts.
AB  - Selectivity of mouse monoclonal antibody 7E9 (IGG3) directed against human
      urinary bladder carcinoma cells has been examined by indirect membrane
      immunofluorescence, using a panel of 31 human cell lines. The 7E9 monoclonal
      antibody discriminated between urinary bladder carcinoma cells and normal
      urothelium or cells of non-urothelial origin, although occasional reactions with
      bladder carcinoma-unrelated cell types were observed. The 7E9 antibody was
      purified by protein A affinity chromatography, labeled with 131I and used for
      gamma scintigraphy in nude mice xenografted with human urinary bladder carcinoma
      T24. The 7E9 antibody was capable of locating the T24 xenografts in nude mice; it
      localized preferentially in the T24 tissue compared to normal mouse tissues. The
      T24 xenografts could not be detected by gamma scintigraphy with 131I-labelled
      monoclonal antibody against human mammary carcinoma cells and two other control
      antibodies. Likewise, the 131I-labelled 7E9 antibody was not capable of locating
      human mammary carcinoma xenografts in nude mice.

PMID- 3894063
TI  - [Immunohistochemical localization of cytoskeletal proteins and thyroglobulin in
      the follicular cells of Hashimoto's thyroiditis].
AB  - Using antisera against three kinds of cytoskeletal proteins (keratin proteins,
      actin protein and myosin protein) and thyroglobulin, immunoperoxidase staining
      was performed on the follicular cells of 30 patients with Hashimoto's
      thyroiditis. These patients were subdivided into three types by Woolner's
      classification: 9 patients of lymphoid type (L-type), 12 patients of oxiphilic
      cell type (O-type), and 9 patients of pronounced epithelial destruction type (P
      type). The results obtained were as follows: (1) In three-ninths to seven
      twelfths of the patients of O-type and P-type, the cytoskeletal proteins were
      identified in the epithelial cells forming degenerating or atrophic thyroid
      follicles. In the patients of L-type, however, the cytoskeletal proteins which
      form large follicles containing much colloid were not found in the epithelium.
      (2) In some patients of O-type, keratin proteins were abundantly present in the
      epithelial cells with squamous cell metaplasia. (3) In the patients of L-type,
      thyroglobulin was found in most of the epithelium forming large follicles, but it
      was not found in those forming degenerating or atrophic follicles in the patients
      of O-type and P-type.

PMID- 3894064
TI  - [Biochemical properties of renin in human pituitary tissue].
AB  - The biochemical properties of renin, extracted from human pituitary specimens
      obtained at autopsy, were studied using a specific antirenin antibody raised
      against human kidney renin. The following results were obtained. The molecular
      weight of pituitary renin was estimated to be about 37,000 daltons by gel
      filtration through Sephadex G-100. The optimum pH of pituitary renin was between
      6.0 approximately 7.0, while that of a renin-like substance which did not react
      with the antirenin antibody had an acidic pH of 4.0, with a pH comparable to that
      of the cathepsin D-like enzyme in the pituitary tissue. The presence of two
      different isoelectric-point species of pituitary renin was revealed by
      isoelectric focusing, one with a point of pH 4.47 and the other with that of pH
      5.77. The Km value of pituitary renin was 37.9 microM for synthetic human renin
      substrate. Affinity chromatography of the pituitary renin on a Concanavalin
      Sepharose column showed that most (87.4%) of the pituitary renin did not contain
      glycoprotein residues. Treatment with either trypsin or glandular kallikrein
      increased the renin activity, indicating the presence of an inactive form of
      renin in the pituitary tissue. From these findings, it is concluded that specific
      renin exists in human pituitary tissue. It seems likely that the pituitary renin
      is of local origin rather than contamination of the circulating enzyme.

PMID- 3894065
TI  - [The effect of 2-deoxy-2-fluoroglucose on the functional maturation of monolayer
      cultured B cells of the neonatal rat].
AB  - Monolayer islet cells prepared from neonatal rat pancreases were cultured in
      media with 5.5 mM glucose alone or supplemented with 1 mM 2-deoxy-2-fluoroglucose
      for a total of 7 days. The recovery of insulin in the cells and media, and the
      insulin secretory responses to four secretagogues were determined on several
      occasions. Under culture conditions with a basal medium containing 5.5 mM
      glucose, the responses to insulin secretagogues tested were abolished after 7
      days of culture. In contrast, the addition of 2-deoxy-2-fluoroglucose maintained
      the insulin secretory responses to glucose (2.8 approximately 33.4 mM), leucine
      (2.5 approximately 10 mM) and 2-ketoisocaproate (2.5 approximately 10 mM) at
      levels several times higher than at day 0. Moreover, in these monolayer islet
      cells the rates of 0.62 mM [U-14C]glutamine oxidation were significantly
      increased by leucine or 2-ketoisocaproate at 10 mM. From these results, it is
      suggested that a series of metabolic adaptations in response to change in
      nutritional status (possibly attributable to the action of 2-deoxy-2
      fluoroglucose as an inhibitor of glycolysis) may facilitate the metabolism of
      amino acids in B cells. Such an activation may be associated with the survival
      and maturation of neonatal B cells in vitro.

PMID- 3894066
TI  - Automated headspace GC-MS analysis of ethylene dibromide fumigant residues in
      fresh fruits.
AB  - An automated headspace capillary column GC-MS method using selected ion
      monitoring was developed for the analysis of ethylene dibromide (EDB) residues in
      fresh fruits. The method was shown to be rapid, to give good agreement with more
      conventional methods involving distillative extraction, to be free from
      interferences and to have a limit of detection of 1 microgram/kg. A small survey
      of a range of fresh fruits including oranges, grapefruit, lemons and mangoes
      showed no detectable EDB residues in a total of 45 samples obtained from various
      retail outlets.

PMID- 3894067
TI  - [History of the development of the subperiosteal implant, its use and alternative
      suggestions].

PMID- 3894068
TI  - [Anchorage of removable partial dentures using cast overlay crowns].

PMID- 3894069
TI  - [Direct cementation of metal to enamel: Duralingual and Maryland technics].

PMID- 3894070
TI  - [Complex amalgam reconstruction. II].

PMID- 3894071
TI  - [Indications and limits in the use of abutment pontics in single-rooted teeth].

PMID- 3894072
TI  - [Application of Garbaccio screw-pins].

PMID- 3894073
TI  - Correcting the occlusal plane.

PMID- 3894074
TI  - Hiding metal: a disappearing act.

PMID- 3894075
TI  - Let's make bad impressions an endangered species.

PMID- 3894076
TI  - [175th anniversary of Humboldt University, Berlin; 275th anniversary of Charite
      Hospital, Berlin].

PMID- 3894077
TI  - [Prolongation of graft survival--clinical practice, specific immune suppression
      in experiments and photochemotherapy of the graft].

PMID- 3894078
TI  - [Regulation of the immune response--findings on the significance of HLA-DR
      antigens].

PMID- 3894079
TI  - [Increased rate of phagocytosis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes following whole
      body UV irradiation and extracorporeal UV irradiation of blood].

PMID- 3894080
TI  - [Effect of ultraviolet whole body irradiation on flow properties of the blood].

PMID- 3894081
TI  - The functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes emigrating into the skin in
      psoriasis.

PMID- 3894082
TI  - Skin window examination according to Rebuck and cutaneous pathergy tests in
      patients with Behcet's disease.
AB  - Comparative in vivo examinations of skin (cutaneous pathergy test, skin window
      technique over 24 h according to Rebuck) were carried out in 12 patients with
      Behcet's disease (BD) and in 13 healthy volunteers serving as controls. 10 out of
      12 patients at active phases of BD showed a positive papular (-pustular) skin
      reactivity to needle prick or venepuncture. These 10 patients simultaneously
      revealed an increased chemotactic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL)
      in vitro. In the controls all pathergy tests were negative and chemotaxis of PMNL
      was within normal range. The proportion of PMNL initially coming up to 100% in
      the skin window preparations, very rapidly decreased in patients with BD as
      compared to a distinctly slower drop in the controls. Conversely to the number of
      PMNL, the skin window cellular pattern was built up by monophagocytic cells
      replacing the PMNL. The phenomenon of 'rapid depletion of PMNL', from skin window
      can be considered an additional hint on the functional disturbance of the PMNL
      involved in the pathogenesis of BD.

PMID- 3894083
TI  - [Yeasts in leg ulcers].
AB  - Cultures on Sabouraud medium from the leg ulcers of 50 patients were obtained:
      24% of the lesions were infected by Candida species. The risk factors are
      analyzed. The disappearance of the yeasts after topical treatment does not
      consistently speed up the healing.

PMID- 3894084
TI  - Histoincompatibility in vertebrates: the relict hypothesis.

PMID- 3894086
TI  - Regulation of the expression of a mammalian idiotype in chickens.
AB  - Id-1, an idiotype associated with rat anti-Group A streptococcal carbohydrate
      (anti-SACHO) antibodies has not been detected in any other tested species
      immunized with Group A streptococcal vaccine (GASV). The immunization of chickens
      with rat Id-1 prior to challenge with GASV, however, induced the production of Id
      1 and anti-Id-1 in some chickens. The concentrations of both idiotype and anti
      idiotype were regulated by challenges with GASV. Thus, it appears that this non
      mammalian species has the genetic potential to express the mammalian Id-1 network
      but such a potential is normally masked by regulatory pressures.

PMID- 3894085
TI  - The cobra complement system: I. The alternative pathway of activation.
AB  - The complement system of the cobra snake is of particular interest because cobra
      venom contains cobra venom factor (CVF), a protein that is related to C3 and
      forms a stable C3 convertase with mammalian Factor B. We investigated the
      alternative pathway of cobra complement. Cobra plasma lysed erythrocytes in
      presence of Mg-EGTA of some mammalian species, but not cobra erythrocytes. The
      hemolytic activity was inhibited by EDTA and destroyed by heating. Preincubation
      of cobra plasma with alternative pathway activators (zymosan, inulin,
      lipopolysaccharide), with small nucleophiles (methylamine, hydrazine), or with
      chaotropes (KSCN) abrogated the hemolytic activity. The activity of cobra plasma
      was not affected by CVF. Cobra plasma also lysed EAC1423 cells in presence of
      EDTA but not EAC142 cells (prepared with sheep erythrocytes, rabbit antibody, and
      human complement proteins) indicating the presence of C5 in cobra plasma that is
      susceptible to activation by the human C5 convertase. These results indicate that
      the cobra has a complement system with an alternative pathway very similar to
      mammalian complement.

PMID- 3894087
TI  - Surgery of Terrien's disease.

PMID- 3894089
TI  - Cairns' goniospasis revisited.

PMID- 3894088
TI  - Suitability of corneal grafts from donors treated with chemical agents.

PMID- 3894090
TI  - Experiences with fresh refrigerated corneas versus corneas stored in McCarey
      Kaufman medium.

PMID- 3894091
TI  - Organ culture corneal preservation. A preliminary report.

PMID- 3894092
TI  - Results obtained in perforating keratoplasty with corneas preserved in liquid
      nitrogen.

PMID- 3894093
TI  - Prognostic value of histocompatibility testing in corneal grafting. A prospective
      study.

PMID- 3894094
TI  - The role of donor epithelium in perforating keratoplasty.

PMID- 3894095
TI  - Keratoplasty 'a chaud'. Results and complications.

PMID- 3894096
TI  - Late corneal grafting in congenitally opaque corneas.

PMID- 3894097
TI  - The effect of keratoplasty running sutures on the shape of the cornea.

PMID- 3894098
TI  - Reduction of postkeratoplasty astigmatism by selective suture removal.

PMID- 3894099
TI  - Photokeratoscopy in the management of astigmatism following keratoplasty.

PMID- 3894100
TI  - New trephine for keratoplasty (Hanna trephine).

PMID- 3894101
TI  - Domperidone in defective and insufficient lactation.
AB  - The clinical use of anti-dopaminergic drugs to stimulate plasma PRL levels, to
      induce lactogenesis and maintain an adequate lactation has been widely suggested,
      taking into consideration the main inhibitory role of hypothalamic dopamine on
      PRL secretion. We therefore studied the effects of domperidone (DOM), a direct
      anti-dopaminergic drug with a low tendency to be secreted in the milk and which
      does not cross the blood-brain barrier, on inducing lactogenesis in 8 puerperal
      women with a history of defective lactogenesis (group A) and inducing
      galactopoiesis in 9 puerperal women who showed 2 weeks after delivery an
      insufficient lactation (group B). A placebo treatment was performed in 7 and 8
      puerperal women with the same characteristics of group A and B, respectively. PRL
      plasma levels were assayed in basal conditions and after suckling from the 2nd to
      the 5th day of puerperium in group A and through a 10-day treatment in group B.
      In both groups domperidone-treated subjects always showed baseline PRL levels and
      daily milk yield significantly higher than those of the placebo group (P less
      than 0.01). The lack of any side-effects and the positive results suggest a high
      usefulness of such a drug in inducing and/or maintaining successful breast
      feeding, which is at present considered so important for a healthy development of
      infants.

PMID- 3894102
TI  - Intrauterine devices: results of a separate clinical and ultrasound follow-up
      study.
AB  - A separate clinical and ultrasound study was carried out in 20 unselected
      patients receiving an IUD (ML Cu 250 or Cu T-200). Clinical adverse effects were
      studied in relation to ultrasound findings after 0, 2 and 6 months of insertion.
      Using both the sound length and initial ultrasound measurements, it was possible
      to calculate that none of the 20 IUDs reached the fundal wall of the uterine
      cavity (distance 0.1-2.4 cm). The mean initial distance between the top of the
      uterine fundal wall and the top of the IUD (TOP) was 2.0 cm (range 1.3-2.4 cm). A
      downward displacement of more than 0.5 cm in consecutive measurements was
      observed in 3 patients. Malposition of one or two arms of the IUD was found in 8
      patients. In 6 of these patients clinical complaints were present.

PMID- 3894103
TI  - Prospects and applications of monoclonal antibodies in gynecological oncology.

PMID- 3894104
TI  - Proteinases, proteolysis and regulation in yeast.

PMID- 3894105
TI  - Regulation of proteinase activity in Aspergillus nidulans.

PMID- 3894106
TI  - Cysteine proteinases of cellular slime moulds.

PMID- 3894107
TI  - The ATP-dependent breakdown of proteins in mammalian mitochondria.

PMID- 3894108
TI  - Endopeptidase-24.11: a cell-surface enzyme for metabolizing regulatory peptides.

PMID- 3894109
TI  - Fatty acid synthase: probing the structure of a multifunctional protein by
      limited proteolysis.

PMID- 3894110
TI  - Structural studies of chromatin by using proteases.

PMID- 3894111
TI  - Human lymphocyte antigens: a mini review.

PMID- 3894112
TI  - Liposomes as a controlled-release system.

PMID- 3894113
TI  - Cell-surface changes during in vitro differentiation of pluripotent embryonal
      carcinoma cells.
AB  - When aggregates of HM-1 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells were exposed to 10(-6) M
      retinoic acid for 2 days and cultured in medium lacking retinoic acid, they
      differentiated to nerve cells, endoderm cells, and myoblasts. Cells 2 days after
      initial exposure to retinoic acid were not significantly different from the
      parental EC cells, as judged by cell-surface architecture and by reactivity to
      lectins. On the fourth day, the surface of the aggregates was covered with two
      kinds of cells distinguishable from the parental cells. The round cells with
      short villi seemed to be precursors to endoderm cells. Receptors for Dolichos
      biflorus agglutinin (DBA) newly appeared and receptors for peanut agglutinin
      (PNA) were still expressed on their surfaces. The other cells, which were round
      cells with a few processes, might be precursors to nerve cells. PNA receptors had
      disappeared from their surfaces, and DBA receptors were not expressed. On the
      sixth day of differentiation, possible precursors to myoblasts were detected;
      they were flat cells with smooth surfaces. These cells lacked cell-surface
      receptors for the two lectins, while the precursor cells and the myoblasts
      excreted intercellular fibers reacting with PNA. HM-1 cells synthesized much
      embryoglycan, the structure of which was similar to that of the glycan isolated
      from quasinullipotent F9 cells. The only difference was that the glycan from HM-1
      cells lacked DBA binding sites. Synthesis of fucosylated embryoglycan mainly
      decreased between the second and fourth day of differentiation. As above, cell
      surface changes occurred mainly between the second and fourth day. The period
      seems to be important in determining the fate of the cells, since endoderm cells
      were scarcely seen among differentiated cells which had been continuously exposed
      to 10(-6) M retinoic acid during the period.

PMID- 3894114
TI  - A pituitary-salivary mixed gland induced by tissue recombination of embryonic
      pituitary epithelium and embryonic submandibular gland mesenchyme in mice.
AB  - Renal subcapsular syngrafts of Day 9 to 11 mouse embryonic pituitary epithelium
      with Day 14 mouse embryonic submandibular gland mesenchyme produced mixed organs
      that include residual cleft structure surrounded by anterior pituitary cells some
      which are stained by anti-ACTH antiserum and submandibular gland-like structure
      with differentiated acinar cells which are stained by anti-alpha-amylase
      antiserum. However, when Day 8.5 or 12 embryonic pituitary epithelium was
      recombined with submandibular gland mesenchyme and syngrafted, development of
      submandibular gland-like or anterior pituitary tissues resulted, respectively.
      Thus, during organogenesis of the mouse anterior pituitary, there exists a
      developmental stage (Day 8.5-11 in utero), when prospective pituitary epithelium
      can respond to heterotypic submandibular gland mesenchyme with the development of
      a submandibular gland-like tissue.

PMID- 3894115
TI  - Genetic analysis of developmental mechanics in hydra. XI. Mechanism of sex
      reversal by heterosexual parabiosis.
AB  - Sex change from female to male occurs at a high rate in hydra when a female polyp
      is exposed to a male polyp by parabiosis for a limited length of time. The
      mechanism of this masculinization process was investigated. When a male strain
      which produces immotile sperm was used to masculinize female strains, the
      resultant masculinized animals produced only immotile sperm. Evidence was also
      obtained which indicated that the original female interstitial cells remained in
      large numbers in the masculinized animals but did not differentiate into gametic
      cells. These observations suggest that masculinization is achieved not by the
      hypothetical "masculinizing factor" but by the migration of the male interstitial
      cells from the male to the female tissue during parabiosis.

PMID- 3894116
TI  - Enhanced insulin binding to blood-brain barrier in vivo and to brain microvessels
      in vitro in newborn rabbits.
AB  - Insulin is a known growth factor in nonneural tissue, and recent studies have
      shown that there are insulin receptors throughout the adult and fetal central
      nervous system. Since insulin has only limited access to the adult brain, this
      study was undertaken to determine if insulin has increased availability to the
      newborn brain where it may act as a neonatal brain growth promoter. In vivo brain
      uptake of 125I-insulin after a single-pass carotid injection was measured in
      newborn, 3-wk-old and 11-wk-old (adult) rabbits. The brain uptake index (BUI)
      relative to a 3HOH reference was 22.0 +/- 1.1% (mean +/- SEM) for newborn, 12.8
      +/- 0.6% for 3-wk-old, and 6.5 +/- 0.1% for adults. Specific 125I-insulin binding
      to isolated cerebral microvessels was similarly increased in the newborn (60.6 +/
      3.3%/mg protein) compared with the 3-wk-old (23.8 +/- 1.7) and adult animals
      (13.6 +/- 1.9). Scatchard analysis revealed that the difference was due to an
      increase in receptor number with only minimal changes in the affinity. The
      increased availability of circulating insulin to the newborn brain was further
      corroborated by elevated CSF/serum and brain/serum insulin ratios in the newborn
      versus adult. These results suggest that insulin has increased access to the
      newborn brain where it may function as a growth factor.

PMID- 3894117
TI  - Maturation of fetal rat lung in diabetic pregnancies of graduated severity.
AB  - Biochemical and morphologic maturation of fetal rat lung was studied in pregnant,
      diabetic rats with different levels of glucose intolerance (sub-, mildly, and
      severely diabetic). Fetuses were almost normoglycemic and hyperinsulinemic in
      subdiabetic rats, both hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic in mildly diabetic
      rats, and hyperglycemic but hypoinsulinemic in severely diabetic rats. A similar
      delay in type II pneumocyte differentiation and a similar decrease of disaturated
      phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) content in lung tissue and broncho-alveolar material
      recovered by lung lavage occurred in the fetuses of the three diabetic groups,
      independently of the severity of diabetes. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) was
      decreased in fetuses from severely diabetic rats only. DSPC appeared specifically
      affected in fetuses of sub- and mildly diabetic groups, whereas in those of
      severely diabetic groups, DSPC alterations accompanied a variety of abnormalities
      including whole lung hypoplasia and hypotrophy and decreases of sphingomyelin,
      unsaturated PC, and lysoPC. The mechanisms leading to abnormal lung development
      could therefore be different in fetuses of sub- and mildly diabetic rats on one
      hand and fetuses of severely diabetic rats on the other. Since hyperinsulinemia
      was the prominent feature of fetal "milieu interieur" in subdiabetic rats, this
      study presents arguments gained from in vivo experiments for an implication of
      hyperinsulinemia in lung developmental retardation due to maternal diabetes.
      However, the decrease of PG seems to depend on increased blood glucose level in
      itself. Diminished lung glycogen breakdown and decreased lung triglyceride
      content, more pronounced in fetuses of sub- and mildly diabetic rats than in
      those of severely diabetic rats, suggest that in the former, the decrease of DSPC
      biosynthesis could be due to decreased availability of substrates because of
      abnormal glycogen utilization. Fetuses from sub- and mildly diabetic rats
      constitute experimental models most closely resembling the human fetus of the
      diabetic mother with respect to circulating glucose and insulin. They appear
      therefore more adequate for elucidating the mechanisms of abnormal lung
      development in the diabetic pregnancy. In contrast, fetuses from severely
      diabetic rats associate very high blood glucose levels and hypoinsulinemia, which
      are features closer to those of adult diabetic subjects than to those of the
      human fetus of the diabetic mother.

PMID- 3894119
TI  - Acute reversal of the enhanced insulin action in trained athletes. Association
      with insulin receptor changes.
AB  - We studied the effect of aerobic training and detraining on insulin-stimulated
      glucose disposal and on erythrocyte insulin receptor binding. Seven endurance
      trained athletes were studied at 12 h, 60 h, and 7 days after cessation of
      training and compared with three untrained, age- and weight-matched controls. The
      metabolic clearance rate of glucose as measured by the euglycemic clamp technique
      was 15.6 +/- 1.8 ml/kg/min (mean +/- SEM) in the trained subjects 12 h after the
      last bout of exercise compared with 7.8 +/- 1.2 ml/kg/min in the untrained
      control group. When the trained subjects refrained from physical training, the
      metabolic clearance rate decreased to 10.1 +/- 1.0 ml/kg/min at 60 h and further
      to 8.5 +/- 0.5 ml/kg/min after 7 days of detraining. The percentage of specific
      insulin binding to young erythrocytes (density 1.089-1.092), isolated by density
      gradient centrifugation, decreased from 10.4 +/- 0.9 at 12 h after the last
      exercise to 8.1 +/- 0.7%/3 X 10(9) cells after 60 h of detraining (P less than
      0.001). The decrease in insulin binding to erythrocytes was almost entirely
      accounted for by a decrease in the number of insulin receptors. We conclude that
      the increase in peripheral insulin action seen in trained athletes is rapidly
      reversed, possibly by a mechanism separate from other phenomena associated with
      chronic training. The parallel findings of decreased in vivo insulin action and
      decreased insulin binding in young erythrocytes suggest that modulation of in
      vivo insulin response by detraining may be at least partially mediated by changes
      in insulin receptor number.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3894118
TI  - Comparison of insulin-mediated and glucose-mediated glucose disposal in patients
      with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and in nondiabetic subjects.
AB  - To determine whether glucose-mediated as well as insulin-mediated regulation of
      glucose utilization and glucose production is impaired in patients with insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), six nonobese, diabetic patients and seven age
      , sex-, and weight-matched nondiabetic subjects were studied. Despite slightly
      higher free insulin concentrations in the diabetic patients than in the
      nondiabetic subjects during 0.2 mU/kg X min (22 +/- 3 versus 15 +/- 2 microU/ml)
      and 1.0 mU/kg X min (98 +/- 10 versus 75 microU/ml) insulin infusions, glucose
      utilization at plasma glucose concentrations of 95, 135, and 175 mg/dl was lower
      in the diabetic patients than in the nondiabetic subjects. The increment in
      glucose utilization per increment in plasma glucose (i.e., slope) in the diabetic
      and nondiabetic subjects, respectively, did not differ significantly during
      either the 0.2 (1.7 +/- 1.3 versus 1.4 +/- 0.5 dl/kg X min) or 1.0 (4.4 +/- 1.1
      versus 6.2 +/- 1.0 dl/kg X min) mU/kg X min insulin infusions, although they
      tended to be higher in the nondiabetic subjects during the latter infusion. Thus,
      although stimulation of glucose utilization by insulin is impaired in patients
      with IDDM, the ability of an increase in glucose concentration to increase
      glucose utilization does not appear to differ from that present in nondiabetic
      subjects, at insulin concentrations in the low physiologic range. Whether
      differences exist in the high physiologic range remains to be determined.

PMID- 3894120
TI  - Insulin and anti-insulin antibody interaction. Evidence for the formation of 7 S
      and 10 S structures.
AB  - The clearing of monoclonal and polyclonal and anti-insulin antibodies from
      homogeneous solutions at 100,000 X g was used to estimate the size of soluble
      insulin-antibody complexes at physiologic concentrations. Monoclonal antibodies
      cleared as a uniform population of 6.6 S independent of the insulin
      concentration. Polyclonal antibodies cleared as 6.6 S monomers at saturation and
      as 10 S particles when the amount of insulin bound decreased, suggesting that a
      soluble complex with two antibodies was formed. An increase of the affinity and a
      decrease of antibody valency can be related to the complex formation. The binding
      affinity of polyclonal sera depends on the composition of the affinities of the
      IgG monomers and on their ability to form 10 S complexes. The formation of
      insulin-antibody dimers precludes cross-linking and precipitation. Both types of
      insulin-antibody complexes have been found in the sera from patients treated with
      bovine insulin.

PMID- 3894121
TI  - Glucose-stimulated DNA replication of the pancreatic islets during the
      development of the rat fetus. Effects of nutrients, growth hormone, and
      triiodothyronine.
AB  - DNA replication and insulin release have been studied in islets isolated, using a
      tissue culture technique, from rat fetuses of different gestational ages. The
      islets were cultured for 3 days in media with high and low concentrations of
      glucose or amino acids. The DNA replication was determined by autoradiography and
      the insulin secreted into the medium was measured by radioimmunoassay. In islets
      of 22-day-old fetuses, DNA replication was stimulated by both glucose and amino
      acids. At gestational days 18 and 20, only amino acids increased DNA replication.
      However, both high glucose and high amino acid concentrations increased the islet
      insulin secretion into the culture medium at all ages studied. In an attempt to
      induce glucose-sensitive DNA replication in vitro, islets obtained from 18- and
      20-day-old fetal pancreata were cultured in the presence of either
      triiodothyronine or human growth hormone. Triiodothyronine failed to influence
      either DNA replication or insulin release. Growth hormone, however, increased DNA
      replication and insulin release in both the experimental groups but did not
      induce a growth response to glucose. It is concluded that the appearance of
      glucose-stimulated B-cell growth is a late event in the fetal development of the
      rat, parallelling the late maturation of both insulin biosynthesis and release.
      This finding may explain the difficulties in producing islet cell hyperplasia and
      diabetic fetopathy previously shown in rat models of diabetes in pregnancy.

PMID- 3894122
TI  - Recognition of human insulin and proinsulin by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - High-affinity monoclonal antibodies (MAB) were obtained from lymph node cell
      fusions. Affinities ranging from 0.8 X 10(9) L/M to 5.2 X 10(9) L/M were
      calculated from binding studies with monoiodinated human, bovine, and porcine
      insulins and human proinsulin. Two monoclonal antibodies were specific for human
      insulin, recognizing an epitope involving the amino acid B-30 (Thr). Another two
      monoclonal antibodies were bound to the C-terminal end of the B-chain near B-30.
      The B-chain-specific monoclonal antibodies did not bind human proinsulin. One
      monoclonal antibody recognized the A-chain loop in the positions A-8 to A-10.
      This antibody bound also to human proinsulin. It was concluded that the A-chain
      loop is exposed on the surface of proinsulin, while the C-terminal B-chain is not
      available for binding. The study shows that monoclonal antibodies can be used to
      characterize structures of insulin and proinsulin. In contrast to x-ray studies,
      the molecules can be used at low concentrations in soluble form. It is suggested
      to use monoclonal antibodies for the screening of atypical insulins in the serum
      of diabetic patients and for the further refinement of insulin and proinsulin
      measurements.

PMID- 3894123
TI  - Plasma and skeletal muscle free amino acids in type I, insulin-treated diabetic
      subjects.
AB  - Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) induces plasma amino acid (AA)
      abnormalities, including low alanine and high branched-chain (BCAA). While
      insulin treatment restores plasma AA pattern, proline, methionine, valine,
      isoleucine, and total BCAA remain elevated in skeletal muscle intracellular
      water. This suggests that the restoration of plasma AA concentrations is not a
      satisfactory index of recovered AA metabolism in IDDM.

PMID- 3894124
TI  - Conference on insulin pump therapy in diabetes. Multicenter study of effect on
      microvascular disease. The Central Biochemistry Laboratory in the Multicenter
      Kroc Study. Problems and proposals.
AB  - The advantages of a multicenter trial can easily be lost if results from
      individual centers cannot be safely combined for statistical analysis. One
      objective of the Kroc Study was to develop methods that would allow valid
      amalgamation of results from laboratories at the six clinical centers and a
      central biochemical laboratory at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
      Responsibilities of the local laboratories, in addition to measurement of plasma
      glucose, creatinine, and glycosylated hemoglobin, were to obtain and prepare
      samples for measurement of plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and serum
      lipids at the central laboratory, of C-peptide at the University of Chicago, and
      to collect and prepare samples for measurement of urinary albumin excretion at
      Guy's Hospital. The central laboratory was additionally to provide a system to
      ensure the comparability of plasma glucose determinations between and within
      centers, and to advise on common procedures for sample handling. Major problems
      were encountered with sample labeling, dispatch, and transport to the central
      laboratory. Although central determinations of plasma glucose and serum lipids
      were still possible in transported specimens, central assay of glycosylated
      hemoglobin proved inaccurate and useless. Compliance with the plasma glucose
      quality control program was variable among centers. Although the difference
      between the centers recording the highest and lowest values was 24.6% of the mean
      estimate of plasma glucose level, correlation between local and central plasma
      glucose determinations was good (r = 0.99, see pages 22-26).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3894126
TI  - Observations on blood lipid and intermediary metabolite concentrations during
      conventional insulin treatment or CSII.
AB  - An objective of The Kroc Collaborative Study Group trial of the feasibility of
      maintaining improved control of plasma glucose concentrations with continuous
      subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) was to test the non-glycemic aspects of
      metabolic control in relation to microvascular disease. Serum lipid levels were
      assessed in the 68 patients completing the 8-mo trial, before and after
      randomization to conventional insulin treatment (CIT) or CSII. During CSII,
      fasting serum cholesterol concentrations, normal at baseline (186 +/- 7 mg/dl),
      were unchanged at 4 and 8 mo (183 +/- 8 and 186 +/- 10 mg/dl). Fasting serum
      triglyceride concentrations fell on treatment with CSII (baseline 90 +/- 12
      mg/dl, 8 mo 60 +/- 7 mg/dl, P less than 0.01), but were unchanged during CIT
      (baseline 88 +/- 8 mg/dl, 8 mo 83 +/- 10 mg/dl). Thirty-two patients in three
      centers had 24-h profiles of intermediary metabolites measured at baseline (0),
      4, and 8 mo. Mean 24-h venous blood lactate levels fell during CSII (baseline
      1.28 +/- 0.12 mmol/L, 4 mo 0.99 +/- 0.4 mmol/L, P less than 0.05; 8 mo 1.05 +/-
      0.11 mmol/L), but blood alanine levels were unchanged. Venous blood 3
      hydroxybutyrate fell from 0.12 X /divided by 1.18 mmol/L at baseline to 0.06 X
      /divided by 1.22 mmol/L at 8 mo during CSII (P less than 0.01), mainly due to
      decreases at 0400 and 0600 h. Decreases in fasting serum triglyceride levels
      confirm previous investigations of insulin-dependent diabetic subjects treated
      with CSII; decreases of venous blood lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate levels toward
      normal indicate that these metabolic effects of CSII recognized in short-term
      studies are sustained over an 8-mo period.

PMID- 3894125
TI  - Observations on control of glycemia with conventional insulin therapy or
      continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.
AB  - Determination of glycemic differences between groups treated with continuous
      subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or conventional insulin therapy (CIT) was
      central to the major objective of the study. Assessment of glycemia was based on
      24-h inhospital profiles of plasma glucose; pre- and postprandial and bedtime
      (seven time points) diurnal profiles performed monthly on outpatient samples; and
      glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) measured bimonthly at each center. The correlation
      between plasma glucose determinations in the central laboratory and in local
      laboratories was 0.988. Significance of differences between treatments was by
      analysis of variance and least-squares regression. At baseline, mean inhospital
      plasma glucose and HbA1 concentrations and insulin dosages were identical in the
      groups randomized to CSII or CIT. A prompt decrement of indices of glycemic
      control during CSII was observed such that mean decrements sustained over the 8
      mo treatment period in home and in hospital plasma glucose profiles and HbA1
      relative to values obtained during CIT (P less than 0.0001). The likelihood of
      CSII-treated patients achieving glycemic indices within the normal range was
      increased. The standardization of the mean and the M-value calculated from
      inhospital glucose profiles during CSII and CIT at 4 and 8 mo indicated that
      there was less plasma glucose fluctuation during CSII. The method of pooling
      standardized local HbA1 measurements from the six centers appeared to be an
      adequate substitute for centrally performed HbA1 determinations. Advantages of
      inhospital plasma glucose measurements in terms of accuracy and ability to obtain
      nocturnal samples contrasted with the likelihood of increased realism and
      superior correlation with HbA1 in home-obtained samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3894127
TI  - Conference on insulin pump therapy in diabetes. Multicenter study of effect on
      microvascular disease. The pump life. Patient responses and clinical and
      technological problems.
AB  - As part of a randomized, prospective trial in subjects with insulin-dependent
      diabetes assigned to either continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or to
      their unchanged conventional insulin treatment (CIT) for 8 mo, patients completed
      questionnaires dealing with general responses and clinical and technological
      problems. Although there was no significant difference between treatment groups
      with respect to the number of patients experiencing severe hypoglycemia (i.e.,
      requiring intravenous glucose or intramuscular glucagon injection), there were
      nine episodes in six patients during CSII compared with one episode during CIT.
      Diabetic ketoacidosis occurred significantly more often in the CSII group (nine
      episodes in eight patients) than in the CIT group (no episodes). A number of CSII
      related failures occurred, including omission of premeal bolus, needle
      dislodgement, pump accidentally turned off, and leakage at the infusion site. At
      8 mo, 85% of CSII-treated patients wished to continue indefinitely on the pump,
      and almost all would continue with self-monitoring of blood glucose even if they
      stopped CSII.

PMID- 3894128
TI  - Comparison of stereofundus photographs in patients with insulin-dependent
      diabetes during conventional insulin treatment or continuous subcutaneous insulin
      infusion.
AB  - Sixty-five patients with mild to moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy
      who enrolled in a prospective controlled clinical trial had stereofundus
      photographs assessed for change over an 8-mo period. The entire study group
      showed a worsening of retinopathy with time (P less than 0.001). The worsening
      was greater in the pump-treated group (15/32) than in the conventionally treated
      group (9/33). The significance of this difference ranged from P = 0.67, if
      changes in mean retinopathy level for each patient were compared, to P = 0.177 if
      a grading system keyed to the worse eye was compared. The difference in rates of
      change between treatment groups was found to be related to the baseline mean
      retinopathy level (P = 0.031), but less significantly so if baseline retinopathy
      keyed to the worse eye was used as a covariate (P = 0.08). Worsening occurred
      more frequently in those patients starting with the lower retinopathy levels.
      Progression was associated with the appearance of retinal infarcts (cotton-wool
      spots, soft exudates) and/or intraretinal microvascular abnormalities, with the
      pump patients showing a significant increase in these individual retinal lesions
      compared with the conventionally treated patients over 8 mo (P less than 0.025).

PMID- 3894129
TI  - Clinical predictors of retinopathy and its progression in patients with type I
      diabetes during CSII or conventional insulin treatment.
AB  - Data from 70 type I diabetic patients with nonproliferative retinopathy
      participating in a multicenter clinical trial of control and complications were
      analyzed to test for associations of clinical variables with baseline levels and
      8-mo changes in retinopathy. Predictor variables included age, duration of
      diabetes, systolic blood pressure, inpatient and outpatient plasma glucose
      levels, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1), M-values, serum cholesterol, serum
      triglycerides, and creatinine clearance. Retinopathy was assessed by fundus
      photography and graded at the Fundus Photograph Reading Center according to a
      detailed protocol. For the entire group, baseline retinopathy was positively
      correlated (P less than 0.05) with baseline systolic blood pressure, plasma
      glucose, HbA1, serum cholesterol, and duration of disease and negatively
      correlated with creatinine clearance. Conversely, during treatment, progression
      of retinopathy was negatively correlated (P less than 0.05) with mean levels
      during treatment of plasma glucose, HbA1, M-values, serum cholesterol, and with
      changes during treatment in plasma glucose and serum triglycerides. Two-group and
      three-group multivariate classification analysis of progression of retinopathy
      (improved or unchanged versus worsening--mild or moderate) indicated lower plasma
      glucose as the single best predictor of worsening of retinopathy (P less than
      0.05), correctly classifying 71% of patients with positive progression. Decreased
      creatinine clearance during therapy was found to be the best discriminator
      between mild and moderate progression. Other multivariate models yielded
      specificity values of up to 71% and sensitivity values of up to 92%. We conclude
      that associations among clinical predictors and retinopathy during short-term
      glycemic control differ strikingly from those at baseline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3894130
TI  - Improved insulin sensitivity in patients with type I diabetes mellitus after
      CSII.
AB  - Tissue sensitivity to insulin was studied using the euglycemic insulin clamp
      technique (delta plasma insulin above basal 90 microU/ml) in eight patients with
      type I diabetes mellitus (IDDM) before and after 4-8 mo of continuous
      subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and in 36 age-matched control subjects.
      Institution of CSII was associated with significant improvements in glycosylated
      hemoglobin (HbA1) (11.2 +/- 0.6% versus 8.1 +/- 0.4%; P less than 0.001) and mean
      24-h plasma glucose concentrations (239 +/- 23 mg/dl versus 106 +/- 18 mg/dl; P
      less than 0.001). Insulin-mediated glucose metabolism in the diabetic patients
      pre-CSII (3.92 +/- 0.36 mg/kg X min) was reduced by 44% compared with controls
      (7.03 +/- 0.22 mg/kg X min; P less than 0.001). After 4-8 mo of improved glycemic
      control, improved tissue sensitivity to insulin was observed (5.33 +/- 0.75 mg/kg
      X min; P less than 0.05 versus pre-CSII). However, insulin-mediated glucose
      utilization still remained significantly below control values (P less than 0.01).
      During hyperinsulinemia, hepatic glucose production (3-3H-glucose) was suppressed
      by over 90% in diabetic patients (pre- and post-CSII) and in control subjects. We
      conclude that near-normalization of glucose metabolism with CSII partially
      corrects, but does not restore to normal, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in
      IDDM. Our failure to totally reverse the impaired response of peripheral tissues
      to insulin in IDDM patients may be attributed to inadequate metabolic correction,
      the peripheral route of insulin administration, or a primary defect in glucose
      metabolism.

PMID- 3894131
TI  - Collaborative studies of the effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
      in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Conclusions. The Kroc Collaborative Study
      Group.

PMID- 3894132
TI  - Physical properties of an experimental periodontal dressing material.

PMID- 3894133
TI  - Microleakage of posterior composite restorations.

PMID- 3894134
TI  - Sucrose or honey at breakfast have no additional acute hyperglycaemic effect over
      an isoglucidic amount of bread in type 2 diabetic patients.
AB  - Exclusion of simple sugars from the diabetic diet is not always followed by
      patients and may not even be as crucial as was hitherto thought. We tested three
      types of mixed breakfasts (400 kcal, 50 g HCO) including an isoglucidic amount
      either of white bread (30 g), honey (20 g) or sucrose (15 g), at the critical
      morning period i.e. for breakfast, in a group of 21 Type 2 (non-insulin
      dependent) diabetic patients (6 well- and 15 badly controlled). Mean plasma
      glucose and insulin levels were comparable on the three occasions: respectively
      with bread, sucrose and honey, peak glucose values were 18 mmol/l, 17.7 mmol/l
      and 17.5 mmol/l in the uncontrolled group versus 13.9 mmol/l, 12.8 mmol/l and
      12.7 mmol/l in the well-controlled group. Peak insulin values were 33.6 mU/1,34.0
      mU/l and 36.3 mU/l (p greater than 0.05) in uncontrolled patients against 57.5
      mU/l, 54.8 mU/l and 52.5 mU/l in well-controlled subjects (p greater than 0.05).
      The mean increment in peak plasma glucose values for the three breakfasts was as
      follows: 6.9 mmol/l, 6.3 mmol/l and 6.2 mmol/l for the uncontrolled group against
      7.2 mmol/l, 5.9 mmol/l and 6.2 mmol/l in well-controlled subjects; the mean
      increment in peak plasma insulin levels was 21.8 mU/l,22.0 mU/l and 24.2 mU/l in
      the controlled group versus 38.2 mU/l, 32.0 mU/l and 34.7 mU/l in the well
      controlled subjects, all values being non-significantly different (p greater than
      0.05). We conclude that, in acute conditions, simple sugars have no additional
      hyperglycaemic effect over an isoglucidic amount of bread in well-and in badly
      controlled Type 2 diabetic patients, even at breakfast.

PMID- 3894136
TI  - Two distinct insulin-related molecules in the guinea pig: immunological and
      biochemical characterization of insulin-like immunoactivity from extrapancreatic
      tissues of the guinea pig.
AB  - In this study we extracted guinea pig brain and testis with; the extract was
      adsorbed to and eluted from cartridges (the Sep-Pak C18 procedure). We found this
      procedure superior for recovering crystalline insulin added to buffers or
      tissues, and for recovering endogenous insulin from plasma, but inferior for
      recovery of insulin from tissues. However, we did find 'rat/pork' type-insulin in
      guinea pig brain and testis (5-50 pg/g wet weight tissue). Our results with the
      Sep-Pak C18 procedures were reproduced by four other laboratories (who found 4-60
      pg/g wet weight of tissue) and similar findings were also obtained by an
      independent investigator. Thus, we conclude that extrapancreatic tissues of
      guinea pigs have a second type of insulin-related material that is more typical
      of other mammalian insulins, but that the amount recovered is dependent upon the
      extraction procedure utilized.

PMID- 3894137
TI  - Miscibility of human lente insulin with soluble insulin.

PMID- 3894135
TI  - Correction of diabetic pattern of insulin release from islets of the spiny mouse
      (Acomys cahirinus) by glucose priming in vitro.
AB  - Insulin release kinetics were studied in perifused islets of Langerhans, isolated
      from mildly hyperglycaemic and from normoglycaemic spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus),
      a rodent predisposed to develop spontaneously non-ketotic diabetes. In both
      groups, insulin response to glucose (16.7 mmol/l) was delayed in comparison with
      that of rat islets, the release kinetics being analogous to that of human Type 2
      (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. Thirty min priming of the isolated Acomys
      islets with glucose (16.7 mmol/l) resulted in potentiation of the insulin release
      to a second stimulation. The degree of potentiation decreased exponentially with
      the time interval between stimulations, showing a t1/2 of 18 min. Induction of
      potentiation by glucose was time-dependent, giving a maximal effect after 20 min
      of priming. In addition to overall amplification of the insulin response, priming
      with glucose accelerated markedly the initial release rates, correcting the
      dynamics of the response. We conclude that: (1) decreased and delayed insulin
      secretion is found in Acomys cahirinus before the development of hyperglycaemia;
      (2) induction of time-dependent potentiation in the islet by priming with glucose
      corrects the diabetic-type dynamics of insulin release; (3) therefore the
      deficient insulin release of Acomys is of a functional nature, the mechanism of
      potentiation bypassing the defect; (4) since insulin release in Acomys resembles
      that in prediabetic and diabetic man, similar conclusions might apply to the
      islet dysfunction in Type 2 diabetes.

PMID- 3894138
TI  - C-peptide measurement in the differentiation of type 1 (insulin-dependent) and
      type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.
AB  - To determine whether individual subjects with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes
      or Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes, who are treated with insulin, could
      be reliably distinguished, C-peptide concentrations and urinary C-peptide
      excretion were measured in 10 Caucasoids and 10 Pima Indians. All the subjects
      had developed diabetes before 21 years of age and were receiving insulin
      treatment. Fasting C-peptide concentrations were significantly higher in the Pima
      Indians (0.73 +/- 0.17 versus 0.02 +/- 0.01 nmol/l in Caucasoids; p less than
      0.001), but there were slight overlaps in individual values. Urinary C-peptide
      excretion, an index of 24-h-insulin excretion, was also higher in the Pima Indian
      group (27.6 +/- 1.85 versus 0.72 +/- 0.18 pmol/min in Caucasoids; p less than
      0.001) and there was no overlap in the individual values between the groups. The
      Pima Indians with early onset diabetes have been previously shown to have Type 2
      diabetes, and the Caucasoids with an early onset are most likely to have Type 1
      diabetes. These results suggest that distinction between these two major types of
      diabetes can be made effectively by using C-peptide measurements provided that
      overt renal disease is absent. This differentiation between insulin-treated
      patients will be useful for a variety of research applications and possibly in
      making clinical management decisions.

PMID- 3894139
TI  - Platelet sensitivity in vitro to adenosine-5'-diphosphate and prostacyclin and
      diabetic retinopathy.
AB  - Platelet sensitivity to adenosine diphosphate and prostacyclin in diabetes has
      been assessed using collision theory and the concept of 'sticking probability'
      (the probability of particle union). Twenty Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic
      men (10 with no or minimal retinopathy and a matched group of 10 with
      proliferative retinopathy) and 10 age-matched nondiabetic men were studied.
      Platelets from the 20 diabetic patients required, on average, 37% less adenosine
      diphosphate to achieve a sticking probability of 0.5 (ED50) compared with
      platelets from the non-diabetic subjects (medians 1.50 and 0.95 mumol/l,
      respectively; p less than 0.01). The platelet prostacyclin response was assessed
      by the dissociation constant (Ki) for inhibition of adenosine diphosphate-induced
      aggregation. Platelets from the diabetic patients had similar prostacyclin
      sensitivity to those from the non-diabetic subjects (medians 0.42 and 0.42
      respectively). Diabetic patients with and without retinopathy had similar
      platelet sensitivity to both adenosine diphosphate and prostacyclin.

PMID- 3894141
TI  - Evidence for a direct action of exogenous insulin on the pancreatic islets of
      diabetic mice: islet response to insulin pre-incubation.
AB  - Pancreatic islets were isolated by collagenase digest from normal (+/+) and
      severely diabetic (db/db) mice of the C57BL/Ks strain. Batches of islets from the
      diabetic mice were incubated for 1 h at 37 degrees C in Krebs-Ringer medium
      containing glucose (3 mmol/l), with or without mouse insulin (50 mU/l), before
      perifusion. When compared with untreated islets from the same digest, pre
      incubation of islets from diabetic mice with insulin elicited a restoration of
      the biphasic insulin response to a glucose challenge which was indistinguishable
      from the response of the untreated, control islets from non-diabetic mice.
      Untreated diabetic islets showed no insulin response to glucose challenge,
      insulin values being very significantly lower than those of either non-diabetic
      or treated diabetic mouse islets (p = less than 0.005). The restoration of
      secretion in treated islets of diabetic mice was shown not to be an artefact.
      These observations provide evidence for a direct, as yet undefined, action of
      insulin on the beta cell of the diabetic mouse.

PMID- 3894140
TI  - Hyperalaninaemia is an early feature of diabetes secondary to total
      pancreatectomy.
AB  - High levels of gluconeogenic precursors have been reported in patients with long
      term diabetes secondary to total pancreatectomy. In the present study, blood
      concentrations of alanine, lactate and pyruvate were measured in six patients
      undergoing total pancreatectomy and in nine control subjects undergoing major
      abdominal surgery. To exclude the simple effect of lack of insulin and
      hyperglycaemia in the development of hyperalaninaemia following total
      pancreatectomy, three pancreatectomized patients and five control subjects
      underwent surgical operation while connected to an artificial pancreas. Blood
      concentration of alanine was constant in the control subjects during surgery (182
      +/- 20 and 243 +/- 31 mumol/l with and without the artificial pancreas,
      respectively). In pancreatectomized patients basal blood alanine levels were
      similar to those in control subjects. Blood alanine level rose quickly after
      removal of the pancreas from 182 +/- 24 to 285 +/- 15 mumol/1 (p less than 0.05)
      in the patients connected to the artificial pancreas, and from 198 +/- 17 to 395
      +/- 47 mumol/1 (p less than 0.05) in patients undergoing total pancreatectomy
      without artificial pancreas. These values were higher than those observed in the
      control subjects at the end of the operation (192 +/- 22 and 230 +/- 45 mumol/l
      with and without artificial pancreas, respectively.) Basal and intraoperative
      blood concentrations of lactate and pyruvate were similar in pancreatectomized
      patients and control subjects.

PMID- 3894142
TI  - Changes in the post-translational modification of lysosomal enzymes during
      development of Dictyostelium.
AB  - The form of post-translational modification present on two lysosomal enzymes-
      acid phosphatase and alpha-mannosidase--changes as part of the developmental
      program of Dictyostelium discoideum. Prior to 8 h of development, all enzyme
      molecules are of a single modification type (early form enzyme). Starting at 8 h
      of development, enzyme molecules with a second type of modification (late-form
      enzymes) begin to appear in the cell. We separated the early and late forms of
      these enzymes from each other by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. We found that
      the change in protein modification affects the enzymes' in vitro properties. The
      early and late forms of both of these enzymes differ in thermostability and
      susceptibility to proteolytic inactivation. We also found that the late form of
      alpha-mannosidase is preferentially secreted. We suggest that by synthesizing
      molecules with a second form of modification, the cell confers new
      characteristics to its lysosomal enzymes.

PMID- 3894144
TI  - [Vaccinations in pregnancy].
AB  - None of the presently common live vaccines--not even rubella vaccine--cause
      damage to the foetus. Vaccinations given inadvertently are therefore no
      indication for abortion. Essential vaccinations should nevertheless be completed
      before pregnancy, mainly for juridical reasons. Because of the danger of abortion
      vaccinations with provocative character (for example, against cholera, typhoid
      fever, paratyphus A and B by parenteral route) should be avoided. Homologous
      immunoglobulin can be given during pregnancy.

PMID- 3894143
TI  - Effect of caerulein in patients with biliary colic pain.
AB  - A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial was carried out in 24 patients
      with biliary colic pain in order to evaluate the analgesic effect of caerulein
      (CRL). Caerulein (1 ng/kg . min infused intravenously over 15 min) showed an
      analgesic effect that was significantly higher than placebo (p less than 0.001).
      The analgesic action of CRL was not inhibited by naloxone (0.4 mg intravenously,
      administered two times). Further, the effect of i.v. CRL or saline on
      artificially induced biliary tree hypertension was studied in 7 patients with a T
      tube common bile duct drainage. During saline intravenous administration,
      increasing biliary tree pressure resulted in pain in 5 patients, with the
      threshold for pain being 40 cmH2O. During CRL intravenous infusion, significantly
      higher perfusion pressures were required to achieve a given common bile duct
      pressure and the pressure threshold for pain was not reached. Consequently, pain
      was prevented in all patients. These data suggest that CRL relieves biliary colic
      pain by reducing biliary tract pressure.

PMID- 3894145
TI  - [Fetal arrhythmias. Differential diagnosis, clinical significance and prognosis].
AB  - Between June 1979 and June 1984 the authors observed 40 fetal arrhythmias in
      11,122 births (0.36%). Initially there were problems of differential diagnosis
      with cardiotokography and fetal abdominal ECGs. However, these problems were
      surmounted with real-time sonography, supplemented with split-image
      echocardiography (M-mode technique) with video recording. In three-quarters of
      the cases supraventricular and ventricular extrasystoles were found. These forms
      of arrhythmias were clinically harmless. Follow-up examinations of the children
      confirmed the favorable long-term prognosis. One-quarter of the arrhythmias were
      high-risk cases. Supraventricular tachycardias, total AV block, sinus tachycardia
      and bradycardia, and congenital atrial fibrillation were found. There were five
      cardiac abnormalities in this group. Heart failure occurred in six fetuses and
      neonates. Four of ten infants died. Three infants remained in pediatric
      cardiologic care. In the light of the authors' experience, it is still too early
      to invest great hope in intrauterine treatment of the fetus. Intrauterine
      diagnosis at the earliest possible time and intensive cardiologic care, starting
      immediately after birth, can improve the prognosis in cases with high-risk
      arrhythmias.

PMID- 3894146
TI  - [Improved early diagnosis of intrauterine pregnancy using an ultrasonic vaginal
      sonde].
AB  - The presented vaginal sonde can be brought up to the investigated tissue at
      minimal distance and the patient can be sonographed without special preparation
      (e.g. the uncomfortable and time consuming filling of the bladder). Besides the
      more feasible organization for the physician the method allows early diagnosis of
      intrauterine pregnancy and therefore the exclusion of ectopic pregnancy in
      patients suffering from sterility.

PMID- 3894147
TI  - [Use of a new vaginal suppository: prostaglandin E1 analog Gemeprost for cervix
      maturation prior to abortion in the 1st trimester].
AB  - This double-blind study is concerned with the efficacy and safety of a new
      prostaglandin E1-analogue (16,16'-dimethyl-trans-delta 2PGE1-methylester)
      (Gemeprost) (ONO-802), which was administered as a single 1 mg vaginal pessary
      three hours prior to legal abortion. The efficacy of the prostaglandin was
      assessed by the largest size of the dilator meeting no resistance when inserted
      in the cervical channel. Furthermore, the quality of the cervix and the effort
      needed for further dilatation was evaluated. The average size of the cervix prior
      to dilatation was found to be 10 mm, in comparison to only 7 mm in the placebo
      group (p less than 0.001). 80% of the patients of the Gemeprost group did not
      need any further dilatation, i.e. the dilatation procedure of the cervix was
      easier than in the group without treatment (19%). The incidence of uterine pain
      was more frequent in the Gemeprost group (40%) than in the Placebo group (7%).
      Analgesics were not required. The frequency of gastrointestinal side effects was
      rare in the Gemeprost group (13%) and in the Placebo group (11%) compared with
      other prostaglandins. By the preoperative application of a new prostaglandin E1
      analogue (1 mg) prior to vacuum aspiration in the first trimenon of pregnancy
      sufficient softening of the cervix and a dilatation of the cervix was achieved.
      It significantly reduces the need for further mechanical dilatation of the cervix
      as well as the force needed to perform this dilatation. These effects reduce the
      trauma associated with mechanical dilatation and therefore diminish the risk of
      subsequent complications.

PMID- 3894148
TI  - [Sonographic image of a form of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita].
AB  - AMC is a collective term for a group of sporadic or inherent diseases
      characterised by multiple non-progressive congenital joint contractures. The
      report demonstrates the sonographic findings of a neural form of AMC at 38 weeks'
      gestation. Aetiology, pathogenesis and clinical findings of this malformation are
      discussed.

PMID- 3894149
TI  - [Blood banks during World War II (on the 40th anniversary of the Victory)].

PMID- 3894150
TI  - [Experience with intrasternal blood transfusion during World War II 1941-1945].

PMID- 3894151
TI  - [History of blood transfusion under field conditions during the war].

PMID- 3894152
TI  - [Blood banks in the Soviet Union during World War II].

PMID- 3894153
TI  - [DNA damage in the cells of human peripheral blood subjected to endogenous and
      exogenous factors].

PMID- 3894154
TI  - Effect of captopril on norepinephrine vascular contractility.
AB  - In isolated aortic rings and in vitro perfused mesenteric arteries of Wistar rats
      the vasoconstrictor responses to norepinephrine (NE) were not affected by
      captopril (2 X 10(-4) M). However, captopril (1 mg/kg i.v.) in pithed Wistar rats
      attenuated significantly the increases in diastolic blood pressure induced by NE.
      In pithed rats the effect of captopril on NE diastolic blood pressure responses
      disappeared either in the presence of an angiotensin II (5 ng X kg-1 X min)
      infusion or when the rats were previously nephrectomized. These findings suggest
      that the effect of captopril on vascular responses to norepinephrine is mediated
      by an inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system and not by an antagonistic
      effect on alpha-adrenergic receptors.

PMID- 3894155
TI  - Elimination of the allatotropic activity in locusts by microsurgical and
      immunological methods: evidence for humoral control of the corpora allata,
      hemolymph proteins, and ovary development.
AB  - Transection of the nervous connections (NCC I) between the brain and the corpus
      cardiacum (group 1) and injection of anti-brain antibodies inhibited vitellogenin
      synthesis and ovary development in virgin Locusta migratoria females. Removal of
      the neurosecretory material by these methods changed the titer and the
      electrophoretic pattern of hemolymph proteins, including vitellogenin.
      Transection of NCC I at some distance from the brain resulted in bulbs with 30
      200 micron diameter which were filled with stainable neurosecretory material
      (group 2). Oocyte maturation was delayed in group 2 but normal eggs were laid.
      The same happened if group 1 animals received daily injections of JH-III. It is
      concluded that a humoral factor is involved in the activation of JH-III
      biosynthesis. The factor is transported through the NCC I and is released into
      the hemolymph as allatotropin.

PMID- 3894157
TI  - Immunofluorescent detection and localization of thyroxine in blood of Rana
      catesbeiana from early larval through metamorphic stages.
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescent staining was used to detect and localize thyroxine
      (T4) in blood smears from individual Rana catesbeiana tadpoles in almost every
      stage of larval development. Earlier radioimmunoassays revealed a surge of T4 in
      the blood plasma during metamorphic stages, but plasma T4 concentrations in
      earlier stages were either very low or below the minimal detectable limits of the
      assays. With the present immunofluorescent method, T4 was found in plasma of
      tadpoles throughout the entire larval period from early limb bud stages to the
      end of metamorphosis. Moreover, T4 was also found in association with cytoplasm
      and nuclei of red blood cells, particularly nuclei of the new population of adult
      red cells differentiating during metamorphic stages. In conclusion, thyroid
      hormone is present in both blood plasma and erythrocytes of R. catesbeiana from
      early through late stages of larval development.

PMID- 3894156
TI  - Hypothalamic and serum factors influence on prolactin and luteinizing hormone
      release by the pituitary gland of the young turkey (Meleagris gallopavo).
AB  - Intravenous administration of 1.0 or 3.0 eq hypothalamic extract (HE) to 8-week
      old male and 7-week-old female turkeys, respectively, induced an increase in
      circulating prolactin (PRL) levels but had no effect on circulating luteinizing
      hormone (LH) levels. The incubation of dissociated anterior pituitary cells from
      13-week-old female turkeys with HE induced a dose-related increase in PRL
      release; however, only the highest dose of HE induced an increase in LH release.
      Coincubation of a hypothalamic fragment with anterior pituitary cells from 9-week
      old females induced a release of both PRL and LH. Dissociated pituitary cells
      from 11-week-old females initially incubated for 3 hr in medium containing
      charcoal-treated (stripped) turkey serum yielded a larger release of PRL and LH
      in the presence of HE than did cells initially incubated with turkey serum or no
      serum. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) induction of LH release was
      greatest from cells initially incubated with stripped serum for 3 or 24 hr. The
      LHRH-induced LH release was completely blocked in cells initially incubated for
      24 hr with turkey serum. The initial incubation of cells for 24 hr with stripped
      serum yielded a larger release of PRL and LH in response to HE than did cells
      initially incubated with serum. The hypothalamus of the young turkey contains
      substantial PRL-releasing activity as well as LH-releasing activity. The ability
      of the releasing factors to stimulate pituitary hormone release is influenced by
      factors present in the blood of the young turkey. This is especially evident in
      the LHRH-induced LH release where serum factors inhibited the release.

PMID- 3894158
TI  - An immunohistochemical study of seasonal changes in luteinizing hormone-releasing
      hormone and vasotocin in the forebrain and the neurohypophysis of the toad, Bufo
      japonicus.
AB  - Seasonal changes in luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) and arginine
      vasotocin (AVT) were examined immunohistochemically in the toad forebrains and
      neurohypophyses. Strongly immunoreactive (ir-) LH-RH perikarya, from which dense
      ir-LH-RH fibers project to the median eminence, were localized in the medial
      septal nucleus and the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca in the animals
      captured in the spring and the autumn. While, in the animals collected in the
      summer, ir-LH-RH perikarya and fibers were sparse, and immunoreactivity in the
      median eminences was weak. Artificially induced hibernation decreased the density
      of ir-LH-RH in the median eminence, in contrast with strong immunoreactivity in
      the control animals kept at room temperature. The amounts of ir-LH-RH in the
      median eminences of hibernating toads which were captured shortly before the
      breeding period varied conspicuously among individuals. The median eminences in
      migrating toads showed relatively weak LH-RH immunoreactivity. After the
      breeding, the immunoreactivity returned to the strong level that was observed in
      the spring and the autumn. These seasonal changes in ir-LH-RH seem to correspond
      to seasonal reproductive activity in this species. However, significant seasonal
      variations were not found in ir-AVT.

PMID- 3894159
TI  - Merodiploidy in Escherichia coli-Salmonella typhimurium crosses: the role of
      unequal recombination between ribosomal RNA genes.
AB  - Previous workers have shown that intergeneric crosses between Salmonella
      typhimurium and Escherichia coli produce a high proportion of merodiploid
      recombinants among the viable progeny. We have examined the unequal cross-over
      event that was responsible for a number of intergeneric merodiploids. The
      merodiploids that we studied were all heterozygous for the metB-argH interval and
      were the products of intergeneric conjugal crosses. We found that when the S.
      typhimurium donor had its transfer origin closely linked to metB and argH, all
      recombinants examined were merodiploid, and they generally arose as F-prime
      factors. Many of these F-prime factors had been created by recombination between
      flanking rrn genes in the donor. When the S. typhimurium Hfr transfer origin was
      more distant from the selected markers, quite different results were obtained.
      Depending on the donor, 19-47% of the recombinants that acquired the donor argH+
      or metB+ genes were merodiploid for these loci, but none of the recombinants were
      F-prime. A majority of the merodiploids had a novel (nonparental) rrn gene,
      indicating that unequal recombination between nonidentical rrn genes was a
      prevalent mechanism for establishing the merodiploidy. Both tandem and nontandem
      duplications were found. Some of the merodiploids duplicated E. coli genes in
      addition to acquiring S. typhimurium genes. Some merodiploids contained the oriC
      region from each parent. Of a total of 118 intergeneric merodiploids
      characterized from all donors, 48 different genotypes were observed, and 38 of
      the 48 had one or more nonparental rrn operons.

PMID- 3894160
TI  - Altered fidelity of mitotic chromosome transmission in cell cycle mutants of S.
      cerevisiae.
AB  - Thirteen of 14 temperature-sensitive mutants deficient in successive steps of
      mitotic chromosome transmission (cdc2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and
      20) from spindle pole body separation to a late stage of nuclear division
      exhibited a dramatic increase in the frequency of chromosome loss and/or mitotic
      recombination when they were grown at their maximum permissive temperatures. The
      increase in chromosome loss and/or recombination is likely to be due to the
      deficiency of functional gene product rather than to an aberrant function of the
      mutant gene product since the mutant alleles are, with one exception, recessive
      to the wild-type allele for this phenotype. The generality of this result
      suggests that a delay in almost any stage of chromosome replication or
      segregation leads to a decrease in the fidelity of mitotic chromosome
      transmission. In contrast, temperature-sensitive mutants defective in the control
      step of the cell cycle (cdc28), in cytokinesis (cdc3) or in protein synthesis
      (ils1) did not exhibit increased recombination or chromosome loss.--Based upon
      previous results with mutants and DNA-damaging agents in a variety of organisms,
      we suggest that the induction of mitotic recombination in certain mutants is due
      to the action of a repair pathway upon nicks or gaps left in the DNA. This
      interpretation is supported by the fact that the induced recombination is
      dependent upon the RAD52 gene product, as essential component in the
      recombinogenic DNA repair pathway. Gene products whose deficiency leads to
      induced recombination are, therefore, strong candidates for proteins that
      function in DNA metabolism. Among the mutants that induce recombination are those
      known to be defective in some aspect of DNA replication (cdc2, 6, 8, 9) as well
      as some mutants defective in the G2 (cdc13 and 17) and M (cdc5 and 14) phases of
      the mitotic cycle. We suggest that special aspects of DNA metabolism may be
      occurring in G2 and M in order to prepare the chromosomes for proper segregation.

PMID- 3894161
TI  - General hospital psychiatry: are its roles and functions adjunctive or pivotal?
AB  - General hospital psychiatric divisions are an important part of the mental health
      care delivery system; however, in Canada and the United States, their role and
      function have not been well defined. In most places, the general hospital is
      peripheral to the mental hospital, and is thus an adjunctive element in the
      resulting two-tier mental health care delivery system. The adjunctive type of
      general hospital psychiatric division provides brief treatment to highly
      selective types of patients, and is relatively inaccessible to a wide variety of
      patients. In contrast, the general hospital can be central to the mental health
      care delivery system--in a pivotal position to patients, other mental health
      facilities, and community agencies. Important features of the pivotal type are:
      defined catchment areas, broad admitting criteria and effective discharge
      planning, linkages with extramural and community programs, staff reorientation,
      appropriate architectural features, and the ability to hear and respond to the
      needs of the community. The pivotal type of general hospital psychiatric division
      can provide appropriate levels of inpatient care, as well as the linkages and
      backup to extramural and community programs for the long-term mentally ill. The
      mental hospital would no longer be used as a backup for general clinical
      disorders, involuntary patients, or patients usually rejected by adjunctive
      hospitals. There would be collaboration with other agencies in developing
      programs for special clinical groups (low prevalence disorders), as well as for
      alcoholism, psychogeriatrics, and adolescent disorders. This article reviews the
      current polemic on the role and function of the general hospital psychiatric
      division, as part of the mental health care delivery system.

PMID- 3894162
TI  - [Organization of the Escherichia coli genome].
AB  - A review of literature data reveals that for the last years, the molecular
      biology techniques have been of an increasing use in the study of the Escherichia
      coli genome, having supplemented the standard genetic mapping. For the proper
      understanding of the Escherichia coli genome organization, recombinational events
      occurring in the course of evolution should be considered. The bacterial genome
      seems to carry traces of both "long-term" evolution, possibly responsible for
      appearance of the bacterial cell itself, and "current" evolution, consisting
      mainly of periodic genome entering by new plasmid-originated genes. It is
      supposed that in the process of stabilization within a genome, every new gene
      undergoes a stage of the "transgene", that is the gene situated in a transposon
      on the chromosome. In parallel with integration of new genes into the genome,
      some genes deleting should also take place. The formation of deletions could
      occur by unequal crossing over in segments of direct homologous repeats which
      seem to be ordinarily revealed in the experimental study of the tandem gene
      duplications.

PMID- 3894163
TI  - [Enhancement of expression of Escherichia coli uridine phosphorylase gene as a
      result of duplication].
AB  - The thymine-requiring (thy) Escherichia coli strains normally convert thymine to
      thymidine through the action of thymidine phosphorylase, an enzyme, whose
      synthesis is directed by tpp gene of the deo operon. Selection for efficient
      thymine utilization in the thy mutants carrying a deletion in the tpp gene allows
      to obtain clones with constitutive synthesis of an alternative enzyme, uridine
      phosphorylase coded by the udp gene. Such clones are usually formed, due to
      "promoter-up" constitutive udpP mutants. Further selection for increased
      expression of the udp gene was performed on the background of udpP1 and udpP18
      "promoter-up" constitutive mutants isolated previously. Several lines of evidence
      obtained by using transposon insertions suggest that the increased synthesis of
      uridine phosphorylase in some newly isolated mutants is due to duplications of
      the udp gene. In two mutants the adjacent metE gene is involved in duplications
      simultaneously with the udp gene.

PMID- 3894164
TI  - Health care of the poor elderly: supplementing Medicare.

PMID- 3894165
TI  - [Control of occupational poisonings and diseases in the USSR during World War
      II].

PMID- 3894166
TI  - [Debatable questions of the leukemogenic (blastomogenic) action of benzine].

PMID- 3894167
TI  - [Subphrenic, suprahepatic and interintestinal abscesses after cesarean section
      diagnosed by ultrasonography].

PMID- 3894168
TI  - [Ultrasonographic evaluation of fetal mass for prognosis of the method of
      termination of labor].

PMID- 3894170
TI  - Gall bladder sludge formation during prolonged fasting after gastrointestinal
      tract surgery.
AB  - In this study we have ultrasonographically assessed the prevalence of sludge in a
      group of 48 fasting patients after gastrointestinal tract surgery. Ultrasound
      examinations were carried out daily in each patient, beginning on the day before
      surgery. The period of fasting lasted from seven to 10 days. The presence of
      sludge was demonstrated within the seventh day in seven out of the 48 patients.
      In 38 cases fast lasted for a further three days. The total number of sludge
      positive patients after 10 days was 12 out of 38. Ultrasound controls were
      performed after six and 12-24 month interval and showed the presence of gall
      stones with different ultrasonographic patterns in three sludge positive
      patients. We conclude that in the early postoperative period there is a high risk
      for sludge development and that in some cases sludge may subsequently evolve into
      gall stones.

PMID- 3894169
TI  - Antibodies to gliadin detected by immunofluorescence and a micro-ELISA method:
      markers of active childhood and adult coeliac disease.
AB  - Antibodies to gliadin have been detected by immunofluorescence (IFL-AGA) and a
      micro-ELISA method (ELISA-AGA) in 45 out of 47 (96%) sera from patients with
      active childhood and adult coeliac disease. The two methods were more sensitive
      than R1-reticulin antibodies (R1-ARA) which were found only in 28 of the same
      patients (60%). R1-ARA were always negative in the 26 sera from patients with
      childhood coeliac disease and adult coeliac disease after gluten free diet, while
      IFL- and ELISA-AGA were respectively found in three (12%) and in four (15%) out
      of these patients. Moreover, while R1-ARA and IFL-AGA were strictly confined to
      coeliac disease. ELISA-AGA were occasionally found in patients with control
      diseases. These 'false positive' antibodies were all of IgG class and had low
      titres. In our experience IFL- and ELISA-AGA of IgA class were strictly confined
      to active childhood coeliac disease and adult coeliac disease. The detection of
      AGA is useful in monitoring the diet and in the follow up of coeliac disease. IFL
      and ELISA-AGA, then, are to be preferred to R1-ARA for the screening of coeliac
      patients.

PMID- 3894171
TI  - Therapeutic benefits from a poorly absorbed prednisolone enema in distal colitis.
AB  - A double blind controlled trial has been conducted in 40 patients to compare the
      therapeutic effects of prednisolone metasulphobenzoate enemas with those of
      prednisolone-21-phosphate enemas. Both enemas brought about improvement in
      symptoms and sigmoidoscopic appearances in more than 70% of patients treated. The
      absorption of prednisolone from the metasulphobenzoate enema in three patients
      was less than from the 21-phosphate enema. In view of the low plasma prednisolone
      concentrations obtained, there are theoretical advantages in using a poorly
      absorbed enema to avoid the possibility of systemic steroid effects in patients
      requiring long term steroid treatment.

PMID- 3894173
TI  - Oral contraceptives and cervical cancer.

PMID- 3894174
TI  - [Prof. H. Husslein].

PMID- 3894175
TI  - [Comparative clinical study between Rocephin (Roche) and doxycycline,
      amoxycillin, erythromycin and amoxycillin + metronidazole combination in
      gynecology].

PMID- 3894172
TI  - Natural history of the HBsAg carrier.

PMID- 3894176
TI  - Estimation of gestational age by amniocentesis.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated that gestational age can be estimated from a
      diagram in which the percentage of lipid-carrying cells (amniotic fluid cytology)
      and the creatinine concentration in the amniotic fluid are plotted. Using this
      diagram for the purpose of dating, a comparison was made with prediction of
      gestational age by early ultrasound (biparietal diameter, BPD). Dating by the two
      methods showed a high correlation (r = 0.72) in 53 samples from 48 pregnancies
      and the two methods were in agreement within 2 weeks in 94%. In one third of
      infants with a low birth weight for age, however, amniotic fluid tests
      overestimated gestational age in comparison with early BPD. It is suggested that
      this disparity may be due to a combination of influence of early growth
      retardation on the BPD and accelerated maturation accompanying intrauterine
      growth retardation. Prior to elective delivery in pregnancies with uncertain
      dates and when an early ultrasonic examination has not been performed dating by
      amniotic fluid tests is reliable and is particularly useful.

PMID- 3894177
TI  - Rapid in vitro replication of group B streptococcus in term human amniotic fluid.
AB  - 4-hour in vitro growth curves of a type III group B streptococcus (GBS) and
      Escherichia coli were examined in sterile term human amniotic fluid specimens.
      Both bacterial strains proliferated despite ratios of phosphate to elemental zinc
      in the range reportedly inhibitory for E. coli. After 4 h of incubation, despite
      comparable inocula, GBS numbers exceeded those of E. coli by 10-fold. The
      strikingly rapid growth of some GBS strains in amniotic fluid may represent yet
      another factor responsible for perinatal GBS infection of the human neonate.

PMID- 3894178
TI  - The limitations of ultrasonography in the antenatal diagnosis of congenital
      cerebral malformations.
AB  - Ultrasonography is widely used in the antenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects.
      A case of holoprosencephaly associated with trisomy 18 is presented to illustrate
      the limitations of ultrasonography in making antenatal diagnosis of cerebral
      malformations. The use of a better organ-imaging technique, such as nuclear
      magnetic resonance, is suggested.

PMID- 3894179
TI  - [Modified activators in cerebral palsy patients--a new area of application].

PMID- 3894180
TI  - [Limits of pathohistologic evaluation in surgical oncology].

PMID- 3894181
TI  - [Diagnostic value of sonography, computerized tomography and lymphography in
      malignant lymphoma].

PMID- 3894182
TI  - [Clinical value of magnetic resonance tomography in liver diseases].

PMID- 3894183
TI  - [Meningopolyneuritis (Garin-Bujadoux, Bannwarth) erythema chronicum migrans
      disease of the nervous system transmitted by ticks].
AB  - The clinical spectrum of this remarkable non-syphilitic spirochaetosis
      (spirochaeta infection) of the nervous system is described in light of 53 further
      cases with reference to our earlier description of 47 cases. As the etiological
      diagnosis is not possible in all cases the knowledge of clinical courses is
      especially important. Males are affected almost twice as often as women. The
      disease is especially prevalent in the sixth decade. Usually, the syndrome begins
      in the warm season with exquisite pain and other sensory irritations in
      combination with marked malaise. Initial signs during the winter as well as
      painless clinical courses were also noted. About one half of the patients
      remembered contact with arthropodes or a chronic migrating erythema. In most
      cases (95%), asymmetrical peripheral signs followed the painful stage. More than
      two thirds of the patients showed affection of cranial nerves, usually facial
      palsy. Twenty percent demonstrated paresis of the extremities alone, the
      combination of involvement of cranial nerves and extremities was noted in one
      third of the cases. The sensory signs were usually only mild. Occasionally, the
      neurological impairment was limited to isolated sensory impairment. In contrast
      to the closely related Lyme disease, central nervous affection as well as cardiac
      and arthritic involvement is rare: 34 percent demonstrated mild
      psychopathological impairment; in one case a Babinski-phenomenon was elicited.
      Knee joint pain and gonarthritis were found in one case each. Even though
      meningeal signs were usually absent, the CSF showed alterations suggestive of
      chronic lymphocytic meningitis in all cases. At the same time, local synthesis of
      all three immune globulins was documented, especially of IgM (85%).

PMID- 3894184
TI  - [Publicity and purism in the history of psychiatry].
AB  - Psychiatry has always been influenced by the "Zeitgeist" of the epoch. Due to the
      supernatural aura surrounding mental disease, the lack of a sufficient biological
      basis, and the capacity to reduce civil rights of individuals, psychiatry
      occupies a special position among the medical disciplines. The dependence of
      psychiatry on the dominating ideas of epochs are analysed for the 18th century
      and the Nationalsocialist era in Germany 1933-1945. Both epochs are characterised
      by strictly defined ideologies. It can be demonstrated that puristic ideologies
      tend to be inhumane. Psychiatry needs constant public control; wherever this is
      not possible, for political reasons, human right of the mentally ill are not
      preserved. During the 17th and 18th century, English psychiatry on the whole was
      leading in respect to humane methods of treatment, because there was parlamentary
      and public control. Public resistance, especially by the churches, forced Hitler
      to halt the so-called euthanasy programme. Even under the conditions of
      dictatorial rule, control was effective to some extent.

PMID- 3894185
TI  - [Medical thinking and ways of acting in national socialism].
AB  - The historical background of the legislative measures to purify the Germanic race
      and the "practical measures to strengthen the German people" is the biologistic
      way of thinking in the 19th century. This evolved from Darwinism, leading to the
      so-called Social Darwinism. Its final consequence was the murdering of "inferior"
      human beings, which included murdering mentally ill and mentally retarded people.
      The latter is extensively described in recent literature and is usually
      considered as a specifically National Socialist or psychiatric action. These view
      points are discussed, and the literature on this subject is thoroughly reviewed.

PMID- 3894186
TI  - [Stenosis of the carotid arteries in digital subtraction angiography].
AB  - The quality of intravenous digital subtraction angiograms was sufficient for
      diagnostic evaluation in 90%. The accuracy of the method was 90% for the internal
      carotid artery. 40% of the internal carotid arteries showed stenoses, whereas the
      common and external carotid arteries were not narrowed in 90%. On behalf of these
      data the authors consider that i.v. DSA of the carotid vessels is a suitable
      screening method for carotid arterial occlusive disease.

PMID- 3894188
TI  - [Insulin-like effects of anti-insulin-receptor antibodies on cultured rat
      hepatocytes].
AB  - The effects of two anti-insulin-receptor antibodies (AIRA) on 125I-insulin
      binding, glycogenesis, amino-isobutyric acid (AIB) transport and insulin receptor
      down-regulation on cultured rat hepatocytes were examined. Two AIRA blocked
      insulin receptor dose-dependently and caused a decrease in available insulin
      receptor on hepatocytes. AIRA mimicked insulin action on glycogenesis both in
      short-term (2 h) and in long-term (24 h, 48 h) experiments, while AIRA did not
      mimic insulin action on AIB transport either in short-term (3,6 h) or in long
      term (24 h) experiments. These results suggested that the post-receptor mechanism
      of insulin action is different between early effects (ex. glycogenesis) and late
      effects (ex. AIB transport) of insulin. On the other hand, insulin action on AIB
      transport in hepatocytes was shown to be mediated through insulin receptor,
      especially its high affinity binding sites, and this action was inhibited by AIRA
      in parallel with receptor blockade by AIRA. Furthermore, AIRA caused down
      regulation of insulin receptor on hepatocytes in a dose-dependent and time
      dependent fashion.

PMID- 3894187
TI  - [Heart transplantation in cardiomyopathy].
AB  - Within the spectrum of presently accepted candidates for heart transplantation,
      end-stage heart failure in dilated cardiomyopathy has become the principle
      indication. Although several indicators of poor prognosis have been specified,
      the decision for heart transplantation is primarily made on clinical grounds.
      Expected long-term survival after transplantation is 60 to 80% at one year and
      more than 50% at five years. Since July, 1983, 50 patients underwent orthotopic
      heart transplantation, 38 of whom had been suffering from dilated cardiomyopathy.
      Ages ranged from nine to 54 years with a mean of 40 years. At present, 38
      patients are alive, 34 are discharged from hospital, 14 have returned to work or
      school. Physical capacity and cardiac function are normal. There was no
      difference between the cardiomyopathy patients and the coronary artery disease
      patients with respect to rate and severity of rejection episodes, infection and
      long-term findings. Heart transplantation is considered a promising routine
      treatment for end-stage heart failure in particular in younger patients with
      dilated cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3894189
TI  - [Effects of prostacyclin on the cardiac functions and energy metabolism in the
      perfused rat heart].
AB  - Recently, prostacyclin (PGI2) has been reported to have a role of potential
      importance in myocardial ischemia. The direct effects of PGI2 on ischemic
      myocardial injury (60 minutes ischemia at 30 degrees C) were examined, using a
      hemoglobin free isolated rat heart perfused by the Langendorff's technique. Dual
      wavelength reflectance spectrophotometry was used to measure myoglobin
      oxygenation in cardiac tissue, from which the intracellular oxygen concentration
      was calculated. The effect of PGI2 on cardial function under normoxic perfusion
      condition was studied. PGI2 was infused for 10 minutes with the doses of 5ng/g X
      body weight per minute. PGI2 infusion increased heart rate, LV dp/dt and
      myocardial oxygen consumption. The average 9.7% increase in myoglobin oxygenation
      was noted during PGI2 infusion which indicated the improvement in tissue oxygen
      metabolism. The global ischemia was produced for 60 minutes at 30 degrees C,
      following to the pretreatment of 10 minutes infusion of PGI2, by the
      discontinuation of Langendorff's perfusion. Recovery of cardiac function such as
      double product and LV dp/dt at 15 minutes after reperfusion was significantly
      higher in the PGI2 treated group than in hearts receiving only the vehicle.
      Infusion of PGI2 inhibited the decrease in ATP level of the ischemic myocardium
      at 15 minutes after reperfusion (P less than 0.025, P less than 0.05). PGI2
      prevented the increase in lactate release from the ischemic myocardium, observed
      in vehicle group at 1 minutes after reperfusion. In summary, prostacyclin seems
      to have a direct cytoprotective effect on ischemic myocardium.

PMID- 3894190
TI  - [Enzymeimmunoassay of human interferon-alpha using monoclonal antibody].
AB  - Five monoclonal antibodies to human rIFN-alpha A have been obtained and used them
      in a sandwich enzymeimmunoassay for IFN-alpha. In the assay, rIFN-alpha A was
      measured from approximately 100 U/ml to 1,000 U/ml, but the sensitivity and the
      extent to measurement were different among using monoclonal antibodies. Protease
      or heat denatured IFN-alpha could not be detected in the enzymeimmunoassay and
      thus only a biologically active form of IFN-alpha was measurable. The
      reproducibility of the enzymeimmunoassay was considerably high (variation
      coefficient was lower than 10%) and the correlation of IFN-alpha titers with CPE
      method was observed slightly. Although the same CPE titers, natural IFN-alpha was
      detected only 20% compared with rIFN-alpha A in the enzymeimmunoassay, so the
      assay system seemed to be very specific for rIFN-alpha A. From this observation,
      it was suggested that the monoclonal antibodies used in the enzymeimmunoassay
      should recognize a epitope specifically existed on the rIFN-alpha A molecule.

PMID- 3894191
TI  - O2 dependence of insulin stimulation of glucose uptake by perfused rat liver:
      effects of carboxyhaemoglobin and haematocrit.
AB  - Livers from fed male rats were perfused in a non-recirculating system with
      undiluted rat blood containing 14 mM glucose. In these experiments there was a
      substantial uptake of glucose which was stimulated by insulin. Perfusion with
      blood containing carboxyhaemoglobin at a concentration of 40% of total
      haemoglobin lowered O2 consumption and abolished hepatic glucose uptake in
      control and insulin-infused livers, respectively. In experiments with rat
      erythrocytes resuspended in buffer to haematocrit values of 38 and 22%, O2
      consumption and control and insulin-stimulated rates of glucose uptake were
      similar to corresponding perfusions with undiluted blood and blood containing
      carboxyhaemoglobin. It is concluded that serum factors are of relatively small
      importance and that hepatic glucose uptake is dictated by O2 supply.

PMID- 3894192
TI  - Relationship between release of LH and incorporation of tritiated thymidine in
      the anterior pituitary gland of the castrated female rat.
AB  - Castration of female rats during diestrus increases the concentration of
      circulating LH from days 3 and the incorporation of 3H thymidine into pituitary
      DNA from day 5. Both effects are completely abolished by the administration of
      dihydrotestosterone. Although the i.v. injection of LHRH markedly enhances the
      concentration of LH in serum, it does not modify the incorporation of 3H
      thymidine into pituitary DNA. Castration might produce a maximal stimulation in
      3H thymidine incorporation and a further stimulation of LH release with LHRH is
      unable to enhance the incorporation of the radioactive precursor. The results
      suggest a relationship between LH secretion and DNA synthesis in the pituitary
      gland of the rat.

PMID- 3894194
TI  - Insulin and glucagon secretion by the dog pancreas during intravenous and oral
      administration of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA).

PMID- 3894193
TI  - Transient glucose intolerance during attacks of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis.
AB  - In a 19-year-old Japanese male (case 1) with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP),
      an increase of plasma glucose concentration together with abnormally high levels
      of serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) was observed preceding a spontaneous attack
      of paralysis. Therefore, the plasma glucose, glucagon, epinephrine,
      norepinephrine, serum IRI, growth hormone and cortisol levels, and the
      erythrocyte insulin receptors were measured in case 1 and a 40-year-old Japanese
      male (case 2) with TPP during attacks of paralysis induced by prolonged glucose
      loading. In case 1, the serum IRI concentration was elevated to the
      extraordinarily high level of 655.0 microU/ml at the beginning of paralysis, and
      at that time, the plasma glucose concentration was 147 mg/dl. However, when
      paralysis was not induced by a similar glucose loading during methimazole
      treatment, the serum IRI and plasma glucose levels at the corresponding time
      after glucose loading were 20.9 microU/ml and 87 mg/dl, respectively.
      Furthermore, the affinity of the erythrocyte insulin receptors was decreased
      during the attack. In case 2, plasma glucose and serum IRI concentrations were
      increased in accordance with the initiation of paralysis although the blood
      levels of hormones counteracting insulin were not significantly changed. These
      findings suggest that there is something interacting with the normal action of
      the insulin in the early phase of paralysis.

PMID- 3894195
TI  - Direct effect of the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog D-Trp6-Pro9-Net
      LHRH on rat ovarian steroidogenesis.
AB  - The luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog D-Trp6-Pro9-Net-LHRH (LHRHa)
      inhibits rat ovarian estradiol secretion. To determine whether LHRHa decreases
      serum estradiol concentrations solely by inhibiting gonadotropin secretion or, in
      addition, by influencing directly ovarian estradiol biosynthesis, we examined the
      effects of LHRHa on the activities of 5 key ovarian steroidogenic enzymes. Fifty
      hypophysectomized, gonadotropin-treated rats were given either LHRHa (1
      microgram/day) or saline sc during 7 days. The LHRHa treated animals exhibited a
      significant decrease in serum estradiol when compared with the control group (461
      +/- 30 vs 31 +/- 5 pg/ml, mean +/- SE, P less than 0.001). The changes in
      estradiol concentration were associated with decreases in ovarian weight (372 +/-
      19 vs 185 +/- 11 mg, P less than 0.001) and in the microsomal enzyme activities
      of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (156 +/- 5 vs 53 +/- 4 nmol/mg prot/min, P
      less than 0.001), 17 hydroxylase (4.7 +/- 0.8 vs 3.7 +/- 0.7 nmol/mg prot/min, P
      less than 0.002), 17,20 desmolase (279 +/- 14 vs 50 +/- 7 pmol/mg prot/min, P
      less than 0.001), 17 keto-steroid reductase (132 +/- 11 vs 6 +/- 1 nmol/mg
      prot/min, P less than 0.001), and aromatase (19 +/- 1.5 vs 0.9 +/- 0.1 nmol/mg
      prot/min, P less than 0.001) in LHRHa treated animals. These findings indicate
      that LHRHa can inhibit directly rat ovarian estradiol biosynthesis.

PMID- 3894196
TI  - Long-term amitriptyline in chronic depression.
AB  - Medication was discontinued under a placebo-controlled, double-blind, six-month
      protocol with 17 chronically depressed patients who had been taking an average
      daily dose of 138 mg amitriptyline (AMI) for an average of 3.7 years. Only one of
      nine patients became depressed on active medication, while of the 15 patients
      receiving a placebo trial, 11 had a depressive recurrence at an average time of
      9.3 weeks. These 11 were subsequently restarted on AMI, and responded similarly
      to the way in which acutely depressed patients respond, although the patients
      showed either a need for less AMI or decreased symptoms, compared to entry.
      Tolerance did not develop to anticholinergic side-effects during long-term
      medication. Twelve of the 15 patients on placebo showed a withdrawal reaction
      during the first few weeks of tapered AMI discontinuation which could be
      distinguished from recurrence of depression. This study suggests that the
      majority of patients on long-term antidepressant will suffer a recurrence of
      depressive symptoms when the medication is discontinued.

PMID- 3894197
TI  - The use of propranolol in the treatment of anxiety disorders.
AB  - The authors review the available literature on the use of propranolol in the
      treatment of anxiety disorders. First studied in 1966, propranolol has been shown
      to be most effective in the control of certain somatic symptoms associated with
      anxiety. Despite these studies, however, it is still not certain where this beta
      adrenergic blocker fits into the overall treatment of anxiety disorders. Reasons
      for this uncertainty and other related problems are discussed.

PMID- 3894198
TI  - Pseudoseizures.
AB  - Pseudoseizures have been historically, and continue to be, a challenging
      diagnostic and therapeutic problem. This paper reviews the literature relevant to
      these difficulties. The interplay of psychiatry and neurology in this disorder is
      discussed, with special attention to diagnostic issues. In addition, several
      matters relating to associated psychopathology and treatment are raised.

PMID- 3894199
TI  - Endoscopic sclerosis and esophageal balloon tamponade in acute hemorrhage from
      esophagogastric varices: a prospective controlled randomized trial.
AB  - A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was performed in 43
      consecutive histologically proved cirrhotic patients with endoscopically proved
      actively bleeding esophageal varices. Twenty-two were randomly selected to have
      esophageal tamponade with the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube, and 21 were selected to
      have endoscopic sclerosis of the esophageal wall. The two groups were similar in
      demographic, clinical and laboratory data. Bleeding was controlled by the
      Sengstaken-Blakemore tube in 16 of 22 patients (73%) and by endoscopic sclerosis
      in 20 of 21 (95%). Among those controlled by the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube, seven
      (44%) rebled and three (43%) were again controlled by the Sengstaken-Blakemore
      tube; in the endoscopic sclerosis group, four (20%) rebled and three (75%) were
      controlled. Thus, hemorrhage was definitively controlled in 52% of patients and
      66% of bleeding episodes in the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube group and in 90% of
      patients and 92% of bleeding episodes in the endoscopic sclerosis group. The
      definite control of hemorrhage was significantly better in the endoscopic
      sclerosis group (p less than 0.01). The Sengstaken-Blakemore tube patients
      received no definitive therapy after bleeding had been controlled. Within 30
      days, six patients (27%) in the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube group had died compared
      to 2 (10%) in the endoscopic sclerosis group which is statistically significant
      (p less than 0.01) in favor of endoscopic sclerosis. The frequency of
      complications was similar in the two groups. Endoscopic sclerosis patients
      received serial endoscopic sclerosis after bleeding had been stopped during the
      whole period of follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3894200
TI  - A prospective, randomized controlled trial of chronic esophageal variceal
      sclerotherapy.
AB  - The results of a prospective, randomized controlled trial of chronic esophageal
      variceal sclerotherapy conducted over a 38-month period are presented. One
      hundred twenty patients were randomized following variceal bleeding, 63 to
      esophageal variceal sclerotherapy and 57 to control. Mean follow-up was similar
      in both groups (esophageal variceal sclerotherapy, 12.5 +/- 8.8 months; control,
      14.9 +/- 6.6 months). Twenty-one percent of the patients in each group were lost
      to follow-up. Esophageal variceal sclerotherapy decreased rebleeding as evidenced
      by a decrease in the mean bleeding risk factor, transfusion requirement and by an
      increase in bleeding free interval; differences between the treated and control
      groups in these parameters were especially significant after variceal
      obliteration. A high incidence of asymptomatic ulceration and low frequency of
      strictures were notable effects of esophageal variceal sclerotherapy. Cumulative
      life table analysis revealed no differences in survival between esophageal
      variceal sclerotherapy and control groups. However, when patients who received
      portal-systemic shunt surgery (esophageal variceal sclerotherapy, 6%; control,
      28%) were removed from the analysis at the time the shunt surgery was performed
      (defining the shunt as an endpoint, a significant difference in survival (p less
      than 0.05, F ratios) in favor of esophageal variceal sclerotherapy was observed.

PMID- 3894201
TI  - Functional properties of isolated hepatocytes from ethanol-treated rat liver.
AB  - Gluconeogenesis and palmitate incorporation into triacylglycerols and
      phosphatidylcholine were measured in isolated hepatocytes from control and
      ethanol-treated rats. Basal gluconeogenesis and its hormonal response decreased
      in hepatocytes from ethanol-treated animals; palmitate incorporation into
      triacylglycerols increased. In ethanol-treated rat liver, 45Ca2+ uptake and
      methylating capacity were reduced, and the hormonal response exhibited
      differences in binding parameters of insulin.

PMID- 3894202
TI  - The impact of Medicaid benefit design on length of hospital stay and patient
      transfers.
AB  - The authors examined how the Medicaid hospital benefit structure affects the
      length of stay of psychiatric inpatients and transfers to state mental hospitals
      and nursing homes. They hypothesized that length-of-stay and discharge patterns
      would depend on five classes of variables: patient characteristics, diagnosis,
      mental health status, hospital characteristics, and benefit structure. Analysis
      of 976 Medicaid cases showed that the variables together accounted for only 17
      percent of the variation in patient length of stay; benefit structure alone
      accounted for 6 percent of the variation, slightly less than the diagnostic
      variables. A patient's clinical status was the most important predictor of
      transfer to state mental hospitals, although benefit structure had a significant
      effect. It had no effect on patient transfers to nursing homes. The authors
      discuss the implications of the findings for designing prospective payment
      systems for psychiatric patients under Medicare.

PMID- 3894203
TI  - What Medicaid and Medicare did--and did not--achieve. Interview by Emily
      Friedman.

PMID- 3894204
TI  - Medicare, Medicaid: 10 lessons learned.

PMID- 3894205
TI  - Indigent care: where the marketplace fails.

PMID- 3894206
TI  - Joint ventures for MRIs create 'regulatory grey areas'.

PMID- 3894207
TI  - New home health limits designed for PPS data collection.

PMID- 3894208
TI  - Comparative immunohistochemical investigation of markers for malignant
      histiocytes.
AB  - The presence of lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin (AT), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
      (ACT), and cytoplasmic receptors for peanut and soy bean agglutinin and for
      concanavalin A (PNA, SBA, and ConA, respectively) was investigated in formalin
      fixed, paraffin-embedded material from 16 cases of malignant histiocytosis. The
      tumors in these cases did not show phenotypic characteristics of T or B cells.
      Lysozyme and AT especially were found less frequently in tumor cells from
      malignant histiocytosis than in normal histiocytes, whereas ACT and binding sites
      for the lectins were maintained during malignancy. Specimens from 44 per cent of
      the cases were positive for lysozyme, 56 per cent for AT, 82 per cent for ACT, 88
      per cent for PNA receptors, 94 per cent for SBA receptors, and 100 per cent for
      ConA receptors. Tumor cells from B- and T-cell lymphomas were negative for these
      markers. Plasma cells, granulocytes, and fibroblasts sometimes bound ConA, but
      not PNA or SBA. The cases of malignant histiocytosis were subdivided into three
      groups on the basis of grade of differentiation. The tumor cells from the cases
      in group 1 showed the highest degree of differentiation, those from group 2 an
      intermediate degree, and those from group 3 the lowest degree. Mitotic activity
      was present mainly in groups 1 and 2. Lysozyme was present most frequently in
      groups 1 and 3 and in cases with the least mitotic activity. Expression of AT was
      decreased in groups 2 and 3. The presence of phagocytosis, which is not
      obligatory for the diagnosis, was always correlated with ACT staining. The
      presence of binding sites for these lectins can be considered a useful marker for
      malignant histiocytes.

PMID- 3894209
TI  - Psychological issues in genetic counselling.
AB  - In the case of prenatal diagnosis and its possible consequences, there is
      discussion on the limits of freedom of decision. Nevertheless, there is
      considerable agreement that the individual family should be helped to make its
      own decisions and to live with these decisions. To attain these goals
      psychological issues are necessarily of importance. This paper presents concepts
      on these psychological issues and how they have to be taken into account in
      counselling. The character of mutuality in providing information is emphasized as
      well as cognitive and affective processes determining the understanding and
      outcome of genetic counselling. The role of prior knowledge, expectations,
      experience, and meaning attached to the disease and its consequences are
      discussed. Tasks for the counselling staff ranging from preparation for genetic
      counselling to follow-ups, counselling skills, and methods facilitating the
      counselling process are specified.

PMID- 3894210
TI  - Lyonization and the lines of Blaschko.
AB  - The lines of Blaschko represent a nonrandom developmental pattern of the skin
      fundamentally differing from the system of dermatomes. Many nevoid skin lesions
      display an arrangement following these lines. This is a review of case reports
      providing photographically documented evidence that the lines of Blaschko become
      manifest in the heterozygous state of various X-linked gene defects such as
      incontinentia pigmenti, focal dermal hypoplasia, X-linked dominant
      chondrodysplasia punctata, X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, and Menkes
      syndrome. Hence, a causal relationship between lyonization and the lines of
      Blaschko seems quite obvious. Although it should be borne in mind that other
      genetic mechanisms such as somatic mutations or chimerism may give rise to the
      same linear pattern, the datable embryologic event of X-inactivation seems most
      suitable to explain the origin and nature of the lines of Blaschko. Apparently,
      in women affected with X-linked skin disorders the lines of Blaschko visualize
      the clonal proliferation of two functionally different populations of cells
      during early embryogenesis of the skin. The typical dorsal V-shape and the
      abdominal S-figure of these lines may result from an interference of the
      transversal coherent proliferation with the longitudinal growth and flexion of
      the embryo. In contrast to Blaschko's original assumption, it is now clear that
      these lines are independent from the metameric structure of the human body.
      Obviously, they represent a marker of the normal development of human skin.
      Therefore, a thorough study of the distribution pattern of X-linked skin
      disorders in women may give us a better insight into the early embryogeny of the
      human integument.

PMID- 3894211
TI  - Polymorphism of human C2 detected by immunoblotting.
AB  - To allotype human complement component C2, thin layer agarose gel isoelectric
      focusing of human serum and/or EDTA-plasma was performed followed by direct
      immunofixation or by immunoblotting with a specific anti-human-C2 antibody. Using
      reference samples for C2 BC phenotypes and local samples from an HLA, C4, and Bf
      genotyped family, a differentiation of the C2*B and C2*C variants segregating
      with the respective HLA haplotype was achieved. The C2 BC phenotype is
      characterized by a double banding pattern similar to that observed in the
      haemolytic overlay assay usually used for the detection of C2 polymorphism. An
      homozygous C2*Q0 reference sample determined by functional assays was shown to be
      biochemically deficient, as demonstrated by immunofixation and immunoblotting.
      The visual interpretation of C2 phenotypes was definitely easier after
      immunofixation and immunoblotting than after an haemolytic overlay assay. In
      addition, the method for C2 allotyping described here has several advantages, in
      particular it saves time and tolerates repeated thawing and freezing of the
      samples.

PMID- 3894212
TI  - Humoral response of the mouse to Treponema pallidum.
AB  - To investigate the development of the humoral immune response of mice to
      infection with Treponema pallidum, Balb/c and C57Bl mice were injected
      intradermally with 10 x 10(6) virulent organisms. Serum samples were taken from
      the mice at weekly intervals after infection and used in the electrophoretic
      transblotting technique to detect T pallidum and T phagedenis biotype Reiter
      antigens. The serum samples taken from infected mice at 21, 42, 84, and 126 days
      after infection recognised two to 15 T pallidum antigens, with a gradual but
      continual increase in the number of antigens recognised. The same antisera to T
      pallidum recognised five cross reactive T phagedenis biotype Reiter antigens.
      Mice injected with 10 x 10(6) heat killed T pallidum organisms failed to
      recognise T pallidum antigens, as shown by the blotting technique. When mice
      infected with T pallidum were given antibiotics, the development of the humoral
      response was interrupted. These experiments indicated that mice respond more
      slowly than rabbits to T pallidum, which may be because T pallidum is weakly
      immunogenic in mice.

PMID- 3894214
TI  - Comparison of direct immunofluorescence and cell culture for detecting Chlamydia
      trachomatis.
AB  - Conventional cell culture methods were compared with a direct immunofluorescence
      test (MicroTrak, Syva UK, Maidenhead, Berkshire) to detect Chlamydia trachomatis
      in 137 patients (126 women, 11 men) attending a sexually transmitted diseases
      (STD) clinic. Results obtained by the two tests agreed in 87.6% of cases. Of 34
      positive specimens, 17 were detected by culture and fluorescence, 15 by
      fluorescence only, and two by culture only. The excess of specimens that were
      negative on culture but positive on fluorescence might be accounted for by delays
      in culture (up to 18 hours). The MicroTrak test appears to be of value in
      peripheral hospitals that have to rely on transporting specimens to larger
      centres for culture.

PMID- 3894213
TI  - Evaluation of a genus reactive monoclonal antibody in rapid identification of
      Chlamydia trachomatis by direct immunofluorescence.
AB  - This study compared the direct visualisation of elementary bodies in urogenital
      smears by the direct immunofluorescence test with the isolation of Chlamydia
      trachomatis in McCoy cell cultures treated with cytochalasin B. C trachomatis was
      isolated from 41 (16.4%) of 250 unselected specimens in McCoy cell cultures
      treated with cytochalasin B. Of the 41 culture positive specimens 37 (90%) were
      diagnosed by direct visualisation of elementary bodies in the smears using the
      direct immunofluorescence test. Four specimens were positive by isolation only
      and a further seven were positive by the direct immunofluorescence test only.
      Overall the direct immunofluorescence test had a sensitivity of 90% and a
      specificity of 97%. The presence of red blood cells or mucus or the use of
      barrier creams did not appear to interfere with the normal visualisation of
      elementary bodies using the direct immunofluorescence test.

PMID- 3894215
TI  - Culture versus direct specimen test: comparative study of infections with
      Chlamydia trachomatis in Viennese prostitutes.
AB  - To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the direct specimen test with
      monoclonal antibody conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), cervical
      smears from 700 Viennese prostitutes were investigated by immunofluorescence
      microscopy and compared with the results of cultures for Chlamydia trachomatis in
      McCoy cells. Inclusion bodies in cell culture and elementary bodies on the smear
      slide were counted and evaluated in four categories. Cultures were obtained from
      12.6% (88) of all women investigated, whereas the direct specimen test gave
      positive results in 10.4% (73). The results indicate that in asymptomatic people
      with only few inclusion bodies and latent infections, culture on McCoy cells is
      the more adequate method of identifying Chlamydia trachomatis.

PMID- 3894216
TI  - Butoconazole and miconazole in treating vaginal candidiasis.
AB  - In a single blind trial, a three day course of butoconazole nitrate cream was
      compared with a seven day course of miconazole nitrate cream, both applied
      intravaginally, in treating vaginal candidiasis. They were equally effective. The
      cure rate for patients treated with butoconazole was 82.8% at the first follow up
      (a mean of 18.4 days from the beginning of the treatment) and 76.7% at second
      follow up (a mean of 40.4 days). Cure rates for patients treated with miconazole
      were 84.4% and 75.8% respectively. The differences between these cure rates were
      not significant.

PMID- 3894218
TI  - A new CT-aided stereotactic neurosurgery technique.

PMID- 3894217
TI  - Erythromycin for four or seven days against Chlamydia trachomatis.

PMID- 3894219
TI  - Reminiscences.